bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diurnal differences in the transcriptome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to a meal
Authors: Davis Rochelle , Murgia Chiara , Dordevic Aimee , Bonham Maxine , Huggins Catherine 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEating at night has been linked to impaired glucose metabolism and dyslipidaemia that is likely a consequence of an underlying disrupted circadian rhythm in metabolic processes. An understanding of the mechanisms causing metabolic disruption after eating at night is important for prevention and management of disease risk factors. The aim of this study was to explore the transcriptomic differences in nutrient metabolism after eating a meal at night compared with the same meal in the morning. In a cross over design, 10 healthy adults fasted for > 10 hours and then completed two acute meal challenges at 8am and 8pm on non-consecutive days separated by a wash out. Fasting and postprandial blood samples were collected to assess glucose and insulin responses. For a subset of five participants RNA sequencing was completed on the Illumina NextSeq500. Total RNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells at fasting (baseline) and 2 h after the test meal, the quality of all samples was above RIN 8 (AATI Fragment Analyzer). Differential expression analysis was completed using the DESeq2 package. False discovery rate correction was applied at the pathway analysis level, conducted in PathVisio. Postprandial blood glucose was significantly higher at 8pm vs. 8am (208.8(154.1)mmol/L.3hr vs 36.4(99.6)mmol/L.3hr, p = 0.005) no concurrent changes in insulin responses were observed (p = 0.100). Under fasting conditions, 704 genes were differentially expressed between morning and night, with 60% of these genes being down regulated at night. The meal challenges were associated with changes in gene expression compared with fasting in the morning 552 genes were differentially expressed and 532 genes were differentially expressed in the evening, however only 7% were commonly differentially regulated at both times of day. Pathway analysis of the differentially expressed genes identified that more immune system and signal transduction pathways were enriched after eating at night compared with morning, where as a greater number of pathways involved in lipid metabolism were enriched in the morning. The time of day a meal is consumed has an effect on which genes are differentially regulated in the acute postprandial period, and the biological pathways they are involved in. Investigating the differences in the transcriptomic response to food at night provides a greater understanding of the mechanisms underlying the phenotypic dissimilarities observed in circulating metabolic biomarkers according to the time of day.
The effect of consuming boarfish (Capros aper) protein hydrolysate on glycated haemoglobin and BMI in overweight adults
Authors: Crowe William , Baird Judith , McLaughlin Christopher , Harnedy Padraigin , Fitzgerald Dick , O'Harte Finbarr , Allsopp Philip , McSorley Emeir 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBoarfish (Capros aper) is an underutilised pelagic fish species found in abundance in Irish waters. Research previously undertaken has shown a favourable effect of boarfish derived protein hydrolysate (BFH) consumption on glycaemic control in diabetic murine models. This study aims to investigate the effect of daily BFH consumption on glycated haemoglobin and body mass index (BMI) in overweight human participants.A randomised parallel placebo-controlled human intervention study was undertaken to investigate the effect of consuming BFH (3.5g/day) for 12 weeks. Participants (n = 40) that met the following inclusion criteria were recruited; aged between 18–65 years, non-smoker, not currently pregnant or lactating, BMI > 25.0 kg/m2, free from illness. Participants were randomly assigned to consume either BFH or cellulose capsules for 12 weeks. Measures taken at baseline and post-intervention (week 12) included fasting measures of: glycated haemoglobin, glucose, insulin, leptin, glucagon like peptide (GLP-1), adiponectin as well as lipid profile. Height and weight were also recorded at both timepoints. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) controlling for baseline values as well as other covariates (age & BMI), was used to compare differences between groups over time.Consumption of BFH (3.5g/day) for 12 weeks had no significant effect on glucose, insulin, leptin, glucagon like peptide (GLP-1), adiponectin, high density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein compared with control. No significant difference in glycated haemoglobin change over time (P = 0.123) was noted following consumption of placebo (2.5% increase) in comparison to those consuming the boarfish treatment (1.5% reduction).This study showed that 3.5 g of BFH per day did not elicit an effect on any of the markers of metabolic health. Previous studies investigating the effect of protein consumption on metabolic health have used higher concentrations than were utilized in this study, however using similar concentrations in this study was not plausible given the lack of organoleptic acceptability of the BFH. Addressing the organoleptic properties of BFH may enable future studies to increase the dose of BFH to a level that may be more efficacious than the current study.
Fruit and vegetable consumption assessed by three dietary assessment methods in regard to sex, age, BMI and socio economic status
Authors: Straßburg Andrea , Krems Carolin , Hoffmann Ingrid 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionA comparison of means of food consumption assessed by three different dietary assessment methods (diet history interviews [DHI], 24h-recalls [24HR] and weighing food records [WR]) used in the German National Nutrition Survey (NVS) II showed higher consumption means in 7 out of 18 food groups for DHI compared to 24HR and WR. Especially for food groups perceived as socially desirable such as fruit and vegetable means were highest for DHI. In the following, it is examined whether differences in fruit and vegetable consumption assessed by three different dietary assessment methods are related to sex, age, body mass index (BMI) or socio economic status (SES).MethodsA subgroup of 677 participants of the NVS II (2005–2007, 14–80 years of age) completed all three dietary assessment methods. DHI covered the food consumption of the past month, 24HR of the previous day and WR two times four days. Body height and weight were measured. SES was defined as an index based on the household income, employment status of the household's principle earner, and education level of the participant. The Multiple Source Method was applied to estimate population distributions of usual intakes based on two 24HR. Confidence intervals were calculated on basis of bootstrapping samples. Differences are considered to be significant if confidence intervals do not overlap.ResultsFor vegetable consumption, all subgroups regarding sex (male, female), age (14–18 years, 19–24 years, 25–34 years, 51–64 years, 65 years and older), body mass index (< 25 kg/m2, 25–30 kg/m2, > 30 kg/m2) and SES (5 groups from 1 = lower to 5 = upper SES) showed higher means for DHI compared to 24HR and WR. For fruit consumption, in almost all subgroups higher means for DHI compared to 24HR and WR could be found, except for the age group 19–24 years and the lowest SES group.DiscussionThe results show that higher means in fruit and vegetable consumption assessed by DHI compared to 24HR and WR are independent of sex, age, BMI and SES. A reason why socially desirable foods like fruit or vegetables are stated in higher amounts by DHI may be the enormous cognitive task of participants necessary to estimate quantities and frequencies over the long period of time covered by DHI.
Food Frequency Questionnaires: Are they appropriate for foods that are consumed irregularly, such as eggs?
Authors: van den Heuvel Emmy , Murphy Jane L. , Appleton Katherine M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEggs tend to be eaten irregularly, e.g. they are often eaten as a standby for unplanned meals, and have been reported to be eaten as a treat or on special occasions. This intrapersonal variation may impact the accuracy of measuring the habitual intake of eggs. Food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) are often validated for nutrients but not foods, and may not be suitable for measuring the consumption of individual foods. The validity of measuring the consumption of specific foods can be particularly affected for foods with a greater within-person variation. Moreover, FFQs rarely include a detailed intake measure of eggs, and often do not include eggs in mixed dishes. With epidemiological studies focussing on individual foods to assess associations between foods and diseases, it is important to consider the accuracy of dietary assessment methods in measuring intake of individual foods.In the current study we compare egg intake data from a validated FFQ and egg intake data from an FFQ specifically designed to measure egg intake. Both questionnaires were completed by a sample of 100 community-dwelling healthy older adults, which included 54 females and 46 males, with mean age 70 (SD = 7) years. Both FFQs had a similar layout, but the validated FFQ section on egg intake consisted of three questions on egg intake, while the egg FFQ included 18 preparations of eggs, including mixed dishes.Mean monthly egg consumption for the validated FFQ was 16 (SD = 13) eggs, while the egg FFQ showed an egg intake of 22 (SD = 16) eggs per month, suggesting under- or over-reporting on one or both measures. Although the mean values are noticeably different, validated FFQ egg intake correlates strongly with egg FFQ intake (r = .773, p < .001).National Diet and Nutrition Survey data indicates that British older adults (65 years + ) consume 33 g of eggs/egg dishes per day, the equivalent of 16–17 eggs per month. This means that the validated FFQ egg intake of 16 eggs per month is more similar to the NDNS data. However, FFQs generally tend to overestimate food intake compared to diet records and the validated FFQ is validated for the total nutrient intake, not for individual foods. With only three questions and without including mixed dishes, the validated FFQ may under-estimate intake of eggs, while the egg FFQ may be more comprehensive. More research is needed to explore the most appropriate methods for measuring intakes of foods that are irregularly consumed, such as eggs.
Technology use during pregnancy: a review of the quality of nutrition information provided by mobile phone applications.
Authors: Hart Kathryn , Harvey Michael , Egan Bernadette 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThere are currently 318,000 health mobile applications (apps) available via the major app stores, with new apps appearing at a rate of approximately 200 per day. Pregnancy represents the largest sub-type within the health-related app market, providing a key route via which women who are pregnant or planning a pregnancy can obtain health information, and a cost and time efficient alternative to traditional face-to-face healthcare interactions. However the content of these applications, and therefore their ability to facilitate appropriate and safe behaviour change, is largely unmonitored and unregulated. This study aimed to objectively review the availability, affiliation and nutritional content of pregnancy apps, and specifically their adherence to current NICE guidance for optimal nutrition during pregnancy (promotion of Vitamin D and folic acid supplementation, promotion of breastfeeding). Apps (n = 68) were retrieved from Googleplay and the Appstore using a keyword search. After exclusions (n = 39, non-English, focused on pre- or post-pregnancy, not free to access, non-functional), 29 apps were evaluated using the previously developed Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS). The original tool was modified to include additional sub-scales to assess the nutritional content of the apps and to rate their privacy settings. A higher score for each sub scale and for the MARS score overall represents a higher quality application. Median nutrition sub-scale score (out of 5) for all apps was 3 (25%: 2, 75%: 4.5) with folic acid requirements most likely to be covered and breastfeeding least. Over one third of the apps reviewed (38%) achieved a nutrition score ≥ 4 and 14% (n = 4) scored 5 out of 5. Nutrition score was significantly associated with overall MARS score (r = 0.615, p < 0.01). Total MARS score (out of 5; median 3 (3, 4)) was not associated with platform (android or apple), app rating or affiliation (e.g. Commercial, Government, NGO or academic institution), though sample size was reduced for these secondary variables. Free to access English language mobile phone applications targeted at pregnant women provide a variable quantity and quality of nutrition information. Those adhering more closely to current NICE guidelines for optimal diet in pregnancy are also more likely to be rated higher across other quality domains, however user rating does not predict information quality. This work will be used to direct interventions to improve e-health literacy amongst vulnerable groups such as pregnant women and to design more appropriate applications which are able to more effectively combine usability and acceptability with a robust evidence base.
Intestinal permeability modulation through a polyphenol-rich dietary pattern in older subjects: MaPLE project outcomes and perspectives
Authors: Bernardi Stefano , Del Bo’ Cristian , Guglielmetti Simone , Gargari Giorgio , Cherubini Antonio , Kroon Paul , Kirkup Benjamin , Liberona Nicole Hidalgo , Peron Gregorio , Dominguez Raul Gonzalez , Andres-Lacueva Cristina , Riso Patrizia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn recent years, research has been focusing on strategies to counteract inflammatory processes and age-related diseases(1). During ageing, a low-grade systemic inflammation is often associated to an altered intestinal permeability (IP) a condition that has been shown to promote inflammation possibly through the translocation of dietary and bacterial factors into the blood stream that activates the immune system(2).In this regard, dietary pattern and environmental factors could play a fundamental role because of their potential ability to modulate inflammation, IP and the gut microbial ecosystem (GME). Moreover, it has been hypothesized that bioactive compounds such as polyphenols may affect IP and GME(3).The MaPLE project (Microbiome mAnipulation through Polyphenols for managing gut Leakiness in the Elderly) aimed to investigate the hypothesis that a polyphenol-rich diet can improve IP condition in a target population with beneficial changes at intestine and systemic level. To this aim, a randomised, controlled, cross-over dietary intervention study (8-week polyphenol-rich diet versus 8-week control diet, separated by a wash-out period) was carried out in a group of older subjects (> 60 years) living in a well-controlled setting (i.e. nursing home). Markers related with IP, inflammation, oxidative stress, vascular function and intestinal microbial ecosystem were investigated in serum, urine and/or fecal samples. Moreover, blood bacteria DNAemia, and serum/urine metabolomics has been assessed. Moreover, a consistent nutritional evaluation of the standard menu (provided by the nursing home) and of weighed food diaries was performed, providing also data on actual polyphenol intake during the intervention. The results show there were higher levels of IP in the older subjects, and that the polyphenol-enriched diet changed the levels of serum zonulin, a marker of IP. In addition, an association between zonulin and blood bacterial load was demonstrated. Ongoing in vitro and in vivo experiments are exploring the potential effects of different polyphenols on IP and the mechanisms involved. The MaPLE project will generate new data to improve the understanding on the role of polyphenols in the modulation of intestinal microbiome and its interactions with the host.
Exploring the needs and perceptions regarding healthy eating among people at risk of food insecurity: a qualitative analysis
Authors: van der Velde Laura , Schuilenburg Linde , Thrivikraman Jyothi , Numans Mattijs , Jong Jessica Kiefte-de 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionHealthy eating behaviors are essential determinants of overall health. These behaviors are generally poor among people at risk of experiencing food insecurity, which may be caused by many factors including perceived higher costs of healthy foods, financial stress, inadequate nutrition knowledge, and inadequate skills required for healthy food preparation. Few studies have examined how these factors influence eating behaviors among people at risk of experiencing food insecurity. We therefore aimed to gain a better understanding of the needs and perceptions regarding healthy eating in this target group.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative open interview study with 10 participants at risk of experiencing food insecurity. Thematic analysis identified four core themes on factors influencing healthy eating behaviors: (1) health related topics, influences on eating behaviors by both the (2) social and (3) physical environment, and (4) financial influences on eating behaviors.ResultsOverall, participants showed adequate nutrition knowledge. However, eating behaviors were strongly influenced by both social environmental factors (e.g. child food preferences and cultural food habits), and physical environmental factors (e.g. temptations in the local food environment). Perceived barriers for healthy eating behaviors included poor mental health, financial stress, and high prices of healthy foods. Participants had a generally positive and conscious attitude towards their financial situation, among others reflected in their strategies to cope with a limited budget. Food insecurity was mostly mentioned in reference to the past or to others and not to participants’ own current experiences. Participants were familiar with several existing resources to reduce food-related financial strain and generally had a positive attitude towards these resources. An exception was the Food Bank, which was highly criticized on its food parcel content. Proposed new resources included distributing free meals, facilitating social contacts, increasing healthy food supply in the neighborhood, and lowering prices of healthy foods.ConclusionThe insights from this study increase understanding of factors influencing healthy eating behaviors of people at risk of food insecurity. Therefore, this study could inform future development of potential interventions aiming at helping people at risk of experiencing food insecurity to improve healthy eating, thereby decreasing the risk of diet-related diseases.
The effect of single-nutrient reformulation initiatives on the nutrient profile of foods: a systematic review
Authors: Gressier Mathilde , Segal Alexa , Sassi Franco , Frost Gary 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn an effort to promote population health, governments and businesses are promoting food reformulation initiatives. In most instances, these initiatives have focused on reducing the amount of individual nutrients such as trans-fatty acids (TFA) or sodium, and generally they have been successful at doing so. However, the impact of single-nutrient reformulation on the broader nutrient profile of foods, and on the overall quality of people's diet, remains unclear. We have undertaken a systematic review of evidence of the impact of single-nutrient reformulation on the overall nutrient profile of foods, covering both peer-reviewed studies and grey literature. The outcome of interest was the nutrient composition of the reformulated food or food category. Only 17 studies reported the effect of initiatives on reformulated products’ nutrient profile (44 studies reported on only the targeted nutrient). Results are heterogeneous. Six studies investigated the impact of TFA reduction initiatives, showing different impacts on the reformulated products’ fat profile, with saturated fats (SFA) decreasing in parallel in some studies, but increasing in others. Similarly, when sodium was reduced, sugar, SFA and calories changed in different directions in different studies. Six studies assessed the effect of mandatory calorie labelling in restaurants, two leading to a reduction in energy intake, one to an increase in sugar and a decrease in unsaturated fatty acids, suggesting a worsened nutrient profile. Of the companies participating in England's sugar reformulation initiative, only 13% also reduced total energy. Results highlight the limited research on the effect of reformulation strategies on the overall nutrient composition of foods. Only 28% of the studies that analyse the impact of policies incentivising single nutrient reformulation report the effect on the foods’ complete nutrient profile after reformulation. Over a third of the studies show that reducing the targeted nutrient comes at a cost – namely other nutrients may be increased. To produce the desire health impact, reformulation policies must incentivise improvements of the overall nutrient profile of products.
Brief support and personalised feedback on food shopping to encourage saturated fat reduction: the PC-SHOP randomised controlled trial
Authors: Piernas Carmen , Aveyard Paul , Astbury Nerys , Oke Jason , Tsiountsioura Melina , Lee Charlotte , Noreik Michaela , Madigan Claire , Jebb Susan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractReducing saturated fat (SFA) intake can lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and thereby cardiovascular disease (CVD) but there are no brief interventions sufficiently scalable to achieve this. The Primary Care Shopping Intervention for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (PC-SHOP) study developed and tested a behavioural intervention to provide health professional (HP) advice alone or in combination with personalised feedback on food shopping, which was delivered using a bespoke tool that created a nutritional profile of the grocery shopping based on loyalty card data from the UK largest supermarket.Participants with raised LDL-cholesterol were randomly allocated to one of three groups: ‘No Intervention’ (n = 17), ‘Brief Support’ (BS, n = 48), ‘Brief Support plus Shopping Feedback’ (BSSF, n = 48). BS consisted of a 10-minute consultation with a nurse to inform and motivate participants to reduce their SFA intake. The BSSF group received brief support as well as personalised feedback on the SFA content of their grocery shopping including lower SFA swaps. The primary outcome was the between-group difference in the change between baseline and 3 months in SFA intake (% total energy intake) adjusted for baseline SFA intake and GP practice. The trial was powered to detect a reduction in SFA of 3% (SD3).There was no evidence of a difference between the groups. Changes in SFA intake from baseline to follow-up were: -0.7% (SD3.5) in BS, -0.9% (SD3.6) in BSSF and -0.1% (SD3.3) with no intervention. Compared to no intervention, the adjusted difference in SFA intake was -0.33%; 95%CI -2.11, 1.44 with BS and -0.11%; 95%CI -1.92, 1.69 with BSSF. There was no significant difference in total energy intake (BS: -152kcal; 95%CI -513, 209; BSSF: -152kcal; 95%CI -516, 211); body weight (BS: -1.0 kg; 95%CI -2.5, 0.5; BSSF: -0.6 kg 95%CI -2.1, 1.0); or LDL-cholesterol (BS: -0.15mmol/L; 95%CI -0.47, 0.16; BSSF: -0.04mmol/L; 95%CI -0.28, 0.36) compared to no intervention.This trial shows that it is feasible to deliver brief advice in primary care to encourage reductions in SFA intake and we have developed a system to provide personalised advice to encourage healthier choices using supermarket loyalty data. This small trial showed no evidence of large benefits but we are unable to exclude more modest benefits. Even a reduction of 1% in SFA intake when replaced by polyunsaturated fat may reduce CVD incidence by 8%, suggesting that a larger trial to assess whether benefits of this size may occur is now warranted.