bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Properties Prediction and Design of Tire Tread Composites Using Machine Learning
Authors: Pang Song , Luo Jinlian , Wu Youping 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe present study focuses on exploring the relationship between various properties of tire tread composites and filler system using machine learning. Four different types of machine learning algorithms, such as multiple linear regression (MLR), artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine regression (SVR), and classification and regression tree, are used for predicting 0 °C tanδ, 60 °C tanδ, tensile strength, and Shore A hardness of natural rubber nanocomposites from carbon nanotubes dosage, silica dosage, and total filler equivalent. The results showed that the introduction of interaction terms and square terms into the inputs evidently improved the prediction capability of MLR, ANN and SVR, and MLR possessed the smallest prediction errors (<5%). The established MLR models are further used to design tire tread composites with high 0 °C tanδ, low 60 °C tanδ, and appropriate Shore A hardness and tensile strength. The predicted values are in good agreement with the experimental results, indicating that the established MLR models can be used for properties prediction and design of tire tread composites effectively. Moreover, k‐fold cross‐validation is proved to be a reliable technique to evaluate the predictive capability of the MLR models.
Peripheral nerve repair throughout the body with processed nerve allografts: Results from a large multicenter study
Authors: Safa Bauback , Jain Sonu , Desai Mihir J. , Greenberg Jeffrey A. , Niacaris Timothy R. , Nydick Jason A. , Leversedge Fraser J. , Megee David M. , Zoldos Jozef , Rinker Brian D. , McKee Desirae M. , MacKay Brendan J. , Ingari John V. , Nesti Leon J. , Cho Mickey , Valerio Ian Lee , Kao Dennis S. , El‐Sheikh Yasser , Weber Renata V. , Shores Jaimie T. , Styron Joseph F. , Thayer Wesley P. , Przylecki Wojciech H. , Hoyen Harry A. , Buncke Gregory M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundPeripheral nerve damage resulting in pain, loss of sensation, or motor function may necessitate a reconstruction with a bridging material. The RANGER® Registry was designed to evaluate outcomes following nerve repair with processed nerve allograft (Avance® Nerve Graft; Axogen; Alachua, FL). Here we report on the results from the largest peripheral nerve registry to‐date.MethodsThis multicenter IRB‐approved registry study collected data from patients repaired with processed nerve allograft (PNA). Sites followed their own standard of care for patient treatment and follow‐up. Data were assessed for meaningful recovery, defined as ≥S3/M3 to remain consistent with previously published results, and comparisons were made to reference literature.ResultsThe study included 385 subjects and 624 nerve repairs. Overall, 82% meaningful recovery (MR) was achieved across sensory, mixed, and motor nerve repairs up to gaps of 70 mm. No related adverse events were reported. There were no significant differences in MR across the nerve type, age, time‐to‐repair, and smoking status subgroups in the upper extremity (p > .05). Significant differences were noted by the mechanism of injury subgroups between complex injures (74%) as compared to lacerations (85%) or neuroma resections (94%) (p = .03) and by gap length between the <15 mm and 50–70 mm gap subgroups, 91 and 69% MR, respectively (p = .01). Results were comparable to historical literature for nerve autograft and exceed that of conduit.ConclusionsThese findings provide clinical evidence to support the continued use of PNA up to 70 mm in sensory, mixed and motor nerve repair throughout the body and across a broad patient population.
A Simulation Study to Evaluate Biases in Population Characteristics Estimation Associated with Varying Bin Numbers in Size-Based Age Subsampling
Authors: Hilling Corbin D. , Jiao Yan , Bunch Aaron J. , Phelps Quinton E. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In temperate waters, growth and mortality of bony fishes are frequently estimated from age information derived from the examination of annular rings on hard structures (e.g., otoliths). However, determining ages from hard structures can be time consuming, often requires sacrificing fish, and has associated costs for supplies and personnel time in processing or reading structures. Subsampling based on a target number of fish per length bin is commonly used to reduce time and costs but may introduce biases into the estimation of population characteristics. We wanted to understand how interactive effects of bin width, gear selectivity, and length-at-age variability influence the estimation of growth parameters, total instantaneous mortality (Z), and age frequency. We developed a simulation model to generate populations under the assumption that growth followed the von Bertalanffy growth model; we then sampled from those populations for age analysis based on no gear selectivity, dome-shaped selectivity, and logistic selectivity. Furthermore, we wanted to determine whether observed biases could be corrected by using a weighting procedure during growth model fitting. Fifteen subsampling schemes were evaluated, with five different length bin widths and three target subsample sizes for each bin (subsampling levels). Gear selectivity, variability in length at age, and estimation procedures had a greater and more predictable influence on growth parameters than bin widths for size-based subsampling. Dome-shaped gear selectivity was associated with biases in growth parameter and Z estimation. Weighted regression based on weighting factors calculated from the original sample's length frequency generally improved the consistency of growth parameter estimates among subsampling schemes but did not always improve accuracy. No bin widths or subsample sizes were clearly superior across modeled scenarios. Consequently, alteration of bin widths seems less useful in reducing biases than using alternative estimation methods for population characteristics of interest and considering other external factors.
Intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct consist of two distinct types specifically associated with clinicopathological features and molecular phenotypes
Authors: Aoki Yasutaka , Mizuma Masamichi , Hata Tatsuo , Aoki Takeshi , Omori Yuko , Ono Yusuke , Mizukami Yusuke , Unno Michiaki , Furukawa Toru 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) is a grossly visible papillary biliary neoplasm with morphological variations and occasional invasion. Recently a new classification of IPNB into type 1 and type 2 was proposed in which the type 1 IPNBs consist of fine papillary neoplastic glands and the type 2 IPNBs consist of complex branching glands, seldom with foci of solid‐tubular components. However, clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of these types of IPNBs are yet to be identified. We aimed to uncover clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of the types of IPNBs. Thirty‐six IPNBs were studied retrospectively. Clinicopathological features as well as molecular alterations of 31 genes were evaluated by means of targeted next‐generation sequencing and immunohistochemical examination of expression of mucin and cancer‐associated molecules. The 36 IPNBs were classified into 22 of type 1 and 14 of type 2. The type 1 IPNBs were associated with a non‐invasive phenotype, intestinal and oncocytic subtypes, development in the intrahepatic bile duct, overt mucin production, and a relatively good prognosis. The type 2 IPNBs were associated with an invasive phenotype, the pancreatobiliary subtype, development within the extrahepatic bile duct, and worse prognosis compared with the type 1 IPNBs. In the molecular analysis, recurrent mutations were found in TP53 (34.3%), KRAS (31.4%), STK11 (25.7%), CTNNB1 (17.1%), APC (14.3%), SMAD4 (14.3%), GNAS (11.4%), PBRM1 (11.4%), ELF3 (8.6%), KMT2C (8.6%), NF1 (8.6%), PIK3CA (8.6%), ARID1A (5.7%), ARID2 (5.7%), BAP1 (5.7%), BRAF (5.7%), EPHA6 (5.7%), ERBB2 (5.7%), ERBB3 (5.7%), KMT2D (5.7%), and RNF43 (5.7%). Mutations in KRAS and GNAS were enriched in the type 1 IPNBs, whereas mutations in TP53, SMAD4, and KMT2C were enriched in the type 2 IPNBs. These results indicate that IPNBs consist of two distinct types of neoplasms specifically associated with clinicopathological features and molecular phenotypes. © 2020 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long non‐coding RNAs in development and disease: conservation to mechanisms
Authors: Tsagakis Ioannis , Douka Katerina , Birds Isabel , Aspden Julie L 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOur genomes contain the blueprint of what makes us human and many indications as to why we develop disease. Until the last 10 years, most studies had focussed on protein‐coding genes, more specifically DNA sequences coding for proteins. However, this represents less than 5% of our genomes. The other 95% is referred to as the ‘dark matter’ of our genomes, our understanding of which is extremely limited. Part of this ‘dark matter’ includes regions that give rise to RNAs that do not code for proteins. A subset of these non‐coding RNAs are long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which in particular are beginning to be dissected and their importance to human health revealed. To improve our understanding and treatment of disease it is vital that we understand the molecular and cellular function of lncRNAs, and how their misregulation can contribute to disease. It is not yet clear what proportion of lncRNAs is actually functional; conservation during evolution is being used to understand the biological importance of lncRNA. Here, we present key themes within the field of lncRNAs, emphasising the importance of their roles in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm of cells, as well as patterns in their modes of action. We discuss their potential functions in development and disease using examples where we have the greatest understanding. Finally, we emphasise why lncRNAs can serve as biomarkers and discuss their emerging potential for therapy. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma with bone marrow metastasis
Authors: Bailey Kayleen A. , Wexler Leonard H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundRhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of adolescence and childhood. Although most patients with localized RMS are cured, outcome of those with metastatic disease remains unsatisfactory. RMS with bone marrow (BM) metastasis accounts for approximately 6% of all cases with RMS and has a 3‐year event‐free survival of 14%. Our study aims to describe our institution's experience of patients with metastatic RMS with BM involvement.MethodsThis was a single‐institution retrospective study from Memorial Sloan Kettering Kids, a tertiary pediatric oncology center. Patients with RMS who were diagnosed with BM metastasis between 1998 and 2018 were identified from pathology reports.ResultsFor patients with RMS and BM positivity at diagnosis (N = 27), the median survival was 1.5 years. The 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year overall survival (OS) were 81%, 32%, and 20%, respectively. There is one long‐term (defined as >4 year) survivor who is still alive 14.9 years after diagnosis despite two metastatic recurrences. An Oberlin status of 4 that included BM metastasis portended a 3‐year OS of 0%.ConclusionsAlthough most patients will respond to initial therapy, BM metastasis at the time of diagnosis lends a near‐fatal diagnosis in pediatric patients with RMS. Novel therapies are desperately needed to consolidate their initial remission.
The development of a web‐based resource to provide information and psychosocial support to informal cancer carers in hospitals in Vietnam
Authors: Santin Olinda , Jenkins Chris , Nghiem Hoa L. P. , Prue Gillian , Reid Joanne , Lohfeld Lynne , Ho Hien T. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveVietnam, like many low/middle income countries, lacks the infrastructure to provide information and psychosocial support to cancer patients and their carers. We undertook a codesign process to develop a web resource to inform and support carers.MethodsCancer carers and health care professionals' perspectives regarding information and support needs and the content and delivery of web‐based supports, were explored via five focus groups (n = 39) and semistructured interviews (n = 4) in Vietnam in 2018. Focus groups and interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis. Resource components were verified at two joint stakeholder workshops attended by 40 participants.ResultsThe development of a web‐based resource was identified as an urgent need. A web‐based resource was viewed as a suitable interface to provide support across regions in a sustainable way. The structure of the resource should include peer‐led videoed advice, signposting to services and include official endorsement. The potential resource components identified includes (a) cancer causes and consequences; (b) hospital administration, treatment processes, and prices; (c) daily living; (d) emotional and supportive information; (e) skills training; and (f) nutrition and traditional medicine.ConclusionThe development of a web‐based resource to deliver information and psychosocial supports to cancer carers and by‐proxy patients is an urgent requirement in Vietnam. Next steps will include resource development and testing the resources ability to address the unmet needs of cancer carers and patients. A web‐based resource to support cancer carers has the potential for application to other developing countries.
Self‐compassion moderates the perceived stress and self‐care behaviors link in women with breast cancer
Authors: Abdollahi Abbas , Taheri Azadeh , Allen Kelly A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveWomen with breast cancer are exposed to various stressors, and self‐care behaviors play an important role in their recovery. However, very few studies have investigated self‐care behaviors specifically for women with breast cancer. The current study examined the relationship between perceived stress and self‐care behaviors, and explored whether self‐compassion moderated this relationship.MethodsA sample of 210 women with breast cancer aged 27 to 60 years old from three hospitals in Tehran, Iran completed online self‐report questionnaires of self‐care behaviors, self‐compassion, and perceived stress.ResultsData analyses with structural equation modeling showed that perceived stress (β = −.37, P < .01) and self‐compassion (β = .38, P < .01) were significant predictors of self‐care behaviors. The interaction‐moderation analysis showed that self‐compassion acted as a moderator between perceived stress and self‐care behaviors.ConclusionsThe findings enhance our understanding about the protective role of self‐compassion in the relationship between perceived stress and self‐care behaviors in women with breast cancer.
Characterization of the Dynamic Response and Constitutive Behavior of PTFE/Al/W Reactive Materials
Authors: Zhang Hao , Wang Haifu , Ge Chao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this study, the static and dynamic mechanical behaviors of four types of PTFE/Al/W reactive materials with different component mass ratios were studied. The mechanical properties of reactive materials at elevated strain rates and temperatures were tested by quasi‐static compression and Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB). Parametric study on material properties was carried out, and the Johnson‐Cook constitutive constants were well determined. Based on the good agreement between the predicted and tested constitutive response, a systematic comparison of the static and dynamic behaviors, as well as the comprehensive stress‐strain relationships were conducted, regarding the strain rate and temperature effect. Microscopic fractographic analysis of the tested samples reveals the localized thermal softening effects and fiber network formation phenomenon of the matrix, which dominate the overall mechanical response of the four types of PTFE/Al/W reactive materials, and contribute to the elasto‐plastic property, strain hardening, strain rate strengthening and thermal softening effects.
Ignition and Combustion Behavior of Sintered‐B/MgB2 Combined with KNO3
Authors: Sun Yalun , Ren Hui , Jiao Qingjie , Li Yongnan , Xu Heming , Yu Xusheng , Zhang Wei , Lu Qingchuan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo further enhance the performance of B/KNO3 (BPN) igniter, sintered B/MgB2 (s‐B/MgB2) powder was proposed to be used as a boron substitute. The amount of heat release was tested by oxygen bomb and thermogravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry (TG/DSC). s‐B/MgB2/KNO3 (sBPN) igniter could not release as much heat as BPN igniter in the oxygen bomb due to the reduced calorific value of the s‐B/MgB2. However, calculations show that s‐B/MgB2 reached an over 90 % heat release efficiency in oxygen bomb, compared to that of 53.34 % for boron. At heating rate of 10 K min−1 in TG/DSC experiment, 19.5 % sBPN (sBPN with 19.5 wt. % s‐B/MgB2 powder) has a heat release of 1815 J g−1 and experienced an exothermic span of 2.10 min, whereas it took 24.5 % BPN (BPN with 24.5 wt. % boron powder) 3.45 min to release 1465 J g−1. The pressure‐time curve (P‐t curve), burning rate and combustion temperature were determined. The P‐t curve indicates that the combustion pressure was more readily established with the sBPN than with the BPN. The maximum pressure rise of sBPN was 362.0 Pa ms−1, whereas the figure for BPN is 77.2 Pa ms−1. Coupled with infrared radiation (IR) temperature thermometer, the distribution of the flame temperature field during combustion was obtained. It is shown that the combustion temperature of 19.5 % sBPN igniter is approximately 800 K higher than that of 24.5 % BPN. IR images of the combustion process show that the temperature difference of the 19.5 % sBPN flame is smaller than that of the 24.5 % BPN. 19.5 % sBPN also produces more hot residue, which contains KMgF3, resulting in a longer high‐temperature duration. The higher combustion pressure and temperature and more residue may enable the sBPN to readily ignite the following charge.
The effects of Ginkgo biloba on metabolic syndrome: A review
Authors: Eisvand Farhad , Razavi Bibi Marjan , Hosseinzadeh Hossein 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Ginkgo biloba (G. biloba), commonly known as ginkgo, brings considerable benefit to common medicine, including weight loss effects, as well as antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and antilipidemic properties that could be effective in the treatment of Metabolic syndrome (MetS) associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease events. Major compounds of G. biloba are terpene lactones (bilobalide and ginkgolides A, B, and C) and flavone glycosides (isorhamnetin, quercetin, and kaempferol). We evaluated the most relevant original articles to indicate the effects of G. biloba on different components of MetS, including obesity, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia. Several electronic databases (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar) were searched and the articles that included Ginkgo's effect on one or more of the criteria for MetS were selected. This review indicated that G. biloba might be efficient in the improvement of MetS; however, more studies especially clinical trials are needed to evaluate safety and efficacy of G. biloba.
Equivalent clinical outcome after vitrified‐thawed blastocyst transfer using semi‐automated embryo vitrification system compared with manual vitrification method
Authors: Miwa Atsuko , Noguchi Yukiko , Hosoya Kayo , Mori Yuusuke , Sato Takuma , Kasahara Yuta , Hidaka Miwa , Hayashi Hiroshi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeThis study compared Gavi®, an automated system for the equilibration and dehydration steps of vitrification, and a manual vitrification procedure in terms of effects on clinical outcomes.MethodsThe authors retrospectively compared survival rate, and clinical and perinatal outcomes after vitrified‐thawed single blastocyst transfer between Gavi® (G method) in 398 cases and Cryotop® (C method) in 208 cases.ResultsWith C and G methods, survival rates were 98.6% (208/211) and 99.3% (398/401), total pregnancy rates were 34.3% (72/208) and 33.4% (133/398), and total miscarriage rates were 22.2% (16/72) and 24.8% (33/133), respectively. Among women <35 years old, pregnancy rates were 41.1% (30/73) and 40.5% (62/153) and miscarriage rates were 13.3% (4/30) and 16.1% (10/62) with C and G methods, respectively. Among women ≥35 years old, pregnancy rates were 31.1% (42/135) and 29.0% (71/245) and miscarriage rates were 28.6% (12/42) and 32.4% (23/71) with C and G methods, respectively. C and G methods showed no significant differences in any trials, including gestational age, cesarean section rate, or birthweight (P > .05 each).ConclusionsGavi® showed comparable clinical outcomes to the manual vitrification method and can be considered an alternative vitrification procedure in assisted reproductive technology.
Governing Artificial Intelligence to benefit the UN Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Truby Jon 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBig Tech's unregulated roll‐out out of experimental AI poses risks to the achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with particular vulnerability for developing countries. The goal of financial inclusion is threatened by the imperfect and ungoverned design and implementation of AI decision‐making software making important financial decisions affecting customers. Automated decision‐making algorithms have displayed evidence of bias, lack ethical governance, and limit transparency in the basis for their decisions, causing unfair outcomes and amplify unequal access to finance. Poverty reduction and sustainable development targets are risked by Big Tech's potential exploitation of developing countries by using AI to harvest data and profits. Stakeholder progress toward preventing financial crime and corruption is further threatened by potential misuse of AI. In the light of such risks, Big Tech's unscrupulous history means it cannot be trusted to operate without regulatory oversight. The article proposes effective pre‐emptive regulatory options to minimize scenarios of AI damaging the SDGs. It explores internationally accepted principles of AI governance, and argues for their implementation as regulatory requirements governing AI developers and coders, with compliance verified through algorithmic auditing. Furthermore, it argues that AI governance frameworks must require a benefit to the SDGs. The article argues that proactively predicting such problems can enable continued AI innovation through well‐designed regulations adhering to international principles. It highlights risks of unregulated AI causing harm to human interests, where a public and regulatory backlash may result in over‐regulation that could damage the otherwise beneficial development of AI.