bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An array virtual extension method for power equipment acoustic emission direction of arrival estimation based on high‐order cumulants
Authors: Zhou Nan , Luo Lingen , Song Hui , Sheng Gehao , Jiang Xiuchen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe performance of array‐based power equipment acoustic emission (AE) source directional of arrival (DOA) estimation methods is decided by not only algorithm performance, but also the array hardware parameters, that is, array aperture, sensor number, and so forth. Improving the estimation performance by hardware approaches always leads to the increase in cost. In this study, an array virtual extension method based on high‐order cumulants is proposed which can improve the sensor array performance without the need for hardware change or extra investment. Compared to low‐order cumulants, the high‐order cumulants established from Taylor expansion contain higher order terms which are omitted in low order cumulants. Therefore, they have more detailed directional information about the signal source to improve the DOA estimation performance. Moreover, because high‐order cumulants contain information only for the non‐Gaussian components, the array after extension shows better anti‐Gaussian noise performance. Depending on the establishment method of the high‐order cumulant, two types of extension including aperture extension and sensor number extension are proposed for different application scenarios. Simulation and field tests results show that the array directional resolution is improved around 40% by aperture extension and the spectrum sidelobe level is reduced about 14 dB by sensor extension.
Space charge behaviors in cable insulation under a direct current‐superimposed pulsed electric field
Authors: He Dongxin , Zhang Tao , Meng Fansong , Li Qingquan , Wang Wei , Liu Hongshun , Teyssedre Gilbert 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhen high‐voltage direct current (HVDC) cables are subjected to a direct current(DC)‐superimposed pulsed electric stress, the pulsed voltage applied facilitates electrical tree generation and breakdown; however, the mechanism involved remains unclear. To study the deterioration mechanism of cable insulation under a pulsed electric field, an experiment on the dynamic characteristics of space charge under a DC‐superimposed pulsed electric field was conducted. For this experiment, a pulsed time trigger control circuit was developed to accurately measure the change law of the space charge in cross‐linked polyethylene samples at the rising and falling edges of the pulsed electric field. The experimental results showed an unusual change law: the space charge density increases with falling voltage amplitude and decreases with rising voltage amplitude. The sudden change in the electric field breaks the balance of the forces acting on the space charge, leading to injection, extraction and migration. The energy released during these dynamic processes may destroy the microstructure of the insulation material and contributes to the growth of the electrical tree. This study provides an insight on the initiation mechanism of electrical tree in HVDC cables and proposes a strategy to suppress electrical tree initiation.
Insulation condition forewarning of form‐wound winding for electric aircraft propulsion based on partial discharge and deep learning neural network
Authors: Wang Yalin , Wu Jiandong , Han Tao , Haran Kiruba , Yin Yi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractForm‐wound windings in electric machines designed for electric aircraft propulsion face reliability challenges due to the severe operating environment, such as high temperature and low pressure. This study proposes a forewarning method for insulation condition monitoring of form‐wound windings based on partial discharge (PD) and deep learning neural network. Three PD features are extracted from the PD profile, which provides information about physics‐of‐failure and reflects the degree of insulation degradation. An algorithm fusion extracted from auto‐encoder and long short‐term recurrent neural network is proposed to synthesize one failure precursor from these three features and make multi‐time‐step prediction through historical data to provide forewarning. An electrical and thermal accelerated ageing test is performed on the form‐wound windings at 0.2 atm to simulate working environment of electric aircraft. The proposed method is validated on the accelerated ageing dataset and shows better prediction accuracy than some existing time‐series prediction methods, indicating the advantages of the proposed method. Moreover, an on‐line hardware setup using a deep learning processor is recommended to implement the forewarning method. The proposed approach has the potential to be widely applied to other insulation systems and contribute to work on condition monitoring.
Deep learning for occluded and multi‐scale pedestrian detection: A review
Authors: Xiao Yanqiu , Zhou Kun , Cui Guangzhen , Jia Lianhui , Fang Zhanpeng , Yang Xianchao , Xia Qiongpei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPedestrian detection, as a research hotspot in the field of computer vision, is widely used in many fields, such as automatic driving, video surveillance, robots and so on. In recent years, with the rapid development of deep learning, pedestrian detection technology has made unprecedented breakthroughs. However, it fails to saturate pedestrian detection research, and there are still many problems to be solved. This study reviews the current research status of pedestrian detection methods based on deep learning. In the first place, we summarised the research results of two stage and one stage pedestrian detection based on deep learning, also summarised and analysed the improvement methods. Meanwhile, we focused on the occlusion and multi‐scale problems of pedestrian detection and discussed the corresponding solutions. At last, we induced the pedestrian detection datasets and evaluation methods and prospected the development trend of deep learning in pedestrian detection.
Entscheidung und Kommunikation im Heilberuf
Authors: Spremann Klaus , Adler Georg , Treib Johannes 
Published: December 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDer Arzt muss seine medizinische Kompetenz und Leistungen so weit sehen, dass sie diversen kommunikativen Anforderungen genügt. Voran stehen die Aufklärung des Patienten und die Prüfung der Einwilligungsfähigkeit. Verweigert ein (einwilligungsfähiger) Patient die Zustimmung (Non-Konkordanz), geht er von offenbar anderen Einschätzungen aus, die sich meist als nicht korrekte Eigenbeurteilung, Betonung eigener Vorstellungen oder Selbstüberschätzung herausstellen. Dann zeigt der Dunning-Kruger-Effekt einen Weg zur Überwindung: Der Arzt muss Reflexion einfordern und dazu das Patientengespräch in Komplexität und Tiefe ausweiten. Schließlich können sich Mängel in der Therapietreue zeigen. Je nach Ursache der Non-Adhärenz muss der Arzt im nicht direktiven Gespräch versuchen, die Einzelschritte an Patientengewohnheiten zu knüpfen oder im direktiven Gespräch Bedenken ausräumen und an das Therapieziel erinnern.
Schlaganfall als periprozedurale Komplikation kardialer Interventionen
Authors: Häusler Karl Georg 
Published: December 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDer periprozedurale Schlaganfall gehört zu den relevantesten Komplikationen kardialer Interventionen und beeinflusst die Prognose der Betroffenen. Interventions-spezifische Faktoren, Patienten-spezifische Faktoren als auch die Erfahrung des Interventionalisten bzw. des intervenierenden Zentrums bestimmen das periprozedurale Schlaganfallrisiko. Anhand einer intensiven Auseinandersetzung mit möglichen Risikofaktoren für einen Schlaganfall, dem verstärkten Einsatz bildgebender Verfahren und technischer Weiterentwicklungen konnte in den letzten Jahren eine Senkung des periprozeduralen Schlaganfallrisikos erreicht werden, das nach kardialer Operation etwa 1 %, nach katheterbasiertem Verfahren zwischen 0,1–3 % und nach Kardioversion etwa 0,1 % beträgt.Relevant für die Therapie des periprozeduralen Schlaganfalls erscheint neben einer diesbezüglichen interdisziplinären Awareness die Vorhaltung von Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), die neben präventiven Maßnahmen, das Blutdruckmanagement, die post-interventionelle Gerinnungshemmung als auch deren Antagonisierung im Falle einer (intrakraniellen) Blutung adressieren. Nach akuter zerebraler Ischämie mit behinderndem neurologischem Defizit kann im interdisziplinären Dialog auf der Basis einer Einzelfallentscheidung nach bestimmten kardialen Prozeduren eine systemische Thrombolyse und/oder eine mechanische Rekanalisation erwogen werden, auch wenn keine spezifischen Studien zur Effizienz und Sicherheit dieser Therapieverfahren für prozedurassoziierte Schlaganfälle vorliegen.
Die Stimulation des Nervus hypoglossus in der Behandlung der obstruktiven Schlafapnoe – Aktualisiertes Positionspapier der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Schlafmedizin der DGHNO-KHC
Authors: Steffen Armin , Heiser Clemens , Galetke Wolfgang , Herkenrath Simon-Dominik , Maurer Joachim T. , Eck Günther , Woehrle Holger , Löhler Jan , Randerath Winfried 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Stimulation des Nervus hypoglossus (HNS) zur Behandlung der obstruktiven Schlafapnoe (OSA) hat seit der ersten Stellungnahme der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Schlafmedizin der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie (DGHNO) einen festen Stellenwert erhalten. Die vorhandenen 3 Systeme unterscheiden sich in der technischen Ausgestaltung des ähnlichen Grundprinzips. Für die unilaterale atmungsgesteuerte HNS existieren hier mehrere Vergleichsstudien, Registeranalysen mit 4-stelligen Patientenzahlen und mehrjährigen Nachsorgeergebnissen. Die kontinuierliche HNS verzichtet auf die Atmungserkennung, und im Gegensatz zum atmungsgesteuerten HNS ist eine Schlafendoskopie zur Indikationsstellung nicht notwendig. Die bilaterale kontinuierliche HNS ist als einziges Verfahren teilimplantierbar; hierzu liegen erste Machbarkeitsstudien vor. Wesentlich für die Indikation ist die mit schlafmedizinischer Expertise beurteilte Non-Adhärenz der Überdrucktherapie bei einer mindestens mittelgradigen OSA in individueller Abwägung von weiteren Therapieoptionen. Die implantierende Klinik steht im Mittelpunkt der interdisziplinären Therapieverantwortung und ist bei Therapieproblemen Hauptansprechpartner. Dies erklärt die strukturellen Anforderungen zur Sicherung der Ergebnisqualität und Minimierung von Komplikationen. Die Nachsorge der HNS-versorgten Patienten kann sehr gut sektoren- und fachdisziplinübergreifend erfolgen, wobei Mindestangaben zur Behandlungswirkung und Nutzung dokumentiert werden sollten.
Evaluation of Salivary Lactate Dehydrogenase as a Prognostic Biomarker in Tobacco Users with and without Potentially Malignant Disorders of the Oral Cavity
Authors: Javaraiah Rashmi Kademadkal , David Chaya Manoranjini , Namitha J. , Tiwari Ritu , Benakanal Prabhavati 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a deadly disease that develops in a multistage process and is often preceded by oral potentially malignant disorders (PMDs), of which many are caused by tobacco usage. It is associated with a shift from an aerobic to anaerobic glycolytic pathway, and hence an increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels is seen. The objective of this study was to estimate and correlate the level of salivary LDH in healthy individuals with tobacco users (with or without PMDs).Methods A total of 78 patients were selected from the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dayananda Sagar College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, and were divided into three groups of 26 patients each, namely controls, tobacco users without PMD, and tobacco users with PMD. A total of 1 mL of unstimulated saliva was collected from each patient using the spit method. Sample was subjected to centrifugation at 2,500 rpm, and salivary LDH was quantified by a standard kit (LDH-P kit, DIALAB, Neudorf, Austria) using an autoanalyzer.Results There was a statistically significant (p < 0.001) gradual increase in the level of LDH in controls (267 ± 27.64 U/L), tobacco users without PMD (391 ± 80.53 U/L), and tobacco users with PMD (706.1 ± 199 U/L). Increase in the LDH level was also noted with increased duration and frequency of the habit.Conclusion LDH can potentially be used as a promising biomarker in the very early stages of progression toward oral cancer caused by tobacco use.
Bacteriological Profile and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Clinical Isolates in a Tertiary Cancer Care Center in the Northeast India
Authors: Talukdar Abhijit , Barman Rashmisnata , Sarma Anupam , Sharma Jagannath Dev , Krishnatreya Manigreeva , Hazarika Munlima , Kataki Amal Chandra 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background This study was performed to determine the bacteriological profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of culture samples of patients with cancer at our institute. The study was undertaken to formulate an antibiotic policy for the treatment of infection in these patients.
Materials and Methods The study was performed in the Department of Microbiology of a regional cancer center during the period from January 2017 to December 2017. Samples were collected under all aseptic precaution, and they were processed as per the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute Guideline 2017.
Results A total of 464 clinical samples (urine, blood, sputum, pus, etc.) were collected and processed for culture, of which 198 (42.67%) samples showed culture positive that were identified as per standard recommended procedures and antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed on isolates as per the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines 2017. Escherichia coli (48), Staphylococcus aureus, (45) Klebsiella pneumoniae (52), Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (17), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15) were most commonly encountered. Of the 132 Gram-negative isolates, 101 (76.5%) were extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers. Among the 45 staphylococcal isolates, 18 (40%) were methicillin-resistant S. aureus.

Conclusion The present study reveals microbiological profile in patients attending our cancer institute.
Importance of Ki-67 Labeling in Oral Leukoplakia with Features of Dysplasia and Carcinomatous Transformation: An Observational Study over 4 Years
Authors: Mondal Krishnendu , Mandal Rupali , Sarkar Badal Chandra 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Early detection of dysplastic changes within oral potentially malignant disorders is the mainstay to prevent oral cancer. Ki-67 is one of the most useful antigens in this purpose.
Aims The study aims were to recognize and mutually compare the proliferative status of idiopathic oral leukoplakia (OL) patches, which presented through different forms of dysplasia and carcinoma.
Settings and Design In 4 years of observation, cumulatively 140 OL lesions were included for examination. The wholesome Ki-67 labeling scores in each of the subgroups were calculated.
Subjects and Methods The World Health Organization recommended histopathological classification was used to categorize the dysplastic and malignant lesions. Paraffin-embedded tissue sections were processed for Ki-67 immunostaining. The labeling indices (LIs) were quantified semiquantitatively at the site of maximal reactive cells on tissue sections.
Statistical Analysis The statistical comparison was performed by means of the SPSS software (Version 16.0 SPSS Inc.). A p-value < 0.05 was considered as the benchmark for statistical significance.
Results A steady and significant increment in Ki-67 expression was discovered from dysplastic to malignant OL patches compared with normal mucosa. The labeling differences were significant between normal mucosa and mild dysplasia, as well as between mild, moderate, and severe dysplasia. However, the expression did not differ significantly with the severity of oral cancers.
Conclusions Ki-67 is a useful molecular marker of carcinogenesis in OL. It also serves worthwhile in separating marginally dysplastic lesions, such as mild dysplasia or verrucous carcinoma from their benign epigones.
Pathological Complete Response in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Survival Outcome and Its Relevance as a Surrogate End Point
Authors: Agarwal Reshu , Unnikrishnan U. G. , Keechilat Pavithran , Rajanbabu Anupama , Jose Wesley , Vijaykumar D. K. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy has emerged as a reliable surrogate marker for improved survival in breast cancer (BC), but its role as a surrogate end point is still controversial.
Aims and Objectives The aim of the study is to investigate the clinical course of BC patients with pCR and to evaluate the relevance of pCR as a surrogate end point for survival.
Materials and Methods This was a single-institution retrospective analysis done at Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences. Records of BC patients from 2004 to 2014 were analyzed. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared using the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test, respectively. pCR and survival association were evaluated using regression analysis (R
2).
Results Of 224 patients included in the study pCR rate was 15.2%. The median duration of follow-up was 61 months (range: 3–151 months). DFS (73.4 vs. 46.1%, p = 0.032) and OS (82.5 vs. 56.4%, p = 0.022) of pCR cohort was significantly higher than non-pCR cohort. Recurrence rate was significantly lower in the pCR cohort at: All distant sites (p = 0.01 3), visceral sites (p = 0.007), both bone and visceral sites (p = 0.007), and nodal sites (p = 0.007). There was no difference in the bone-only recurrence (p = 0.3 15). Death rate was significantly lower in pCR cohort (p = 0.007). The R2 value for pCR as a surrogate for DFS and OS was 0.006 and 0.004, respectively.
Conclusion pCR is a favorable prognostic factor associated with improved survival. However, there is no association between pCR and survival.
A nonstandard type of affix reordering
Authors: Stoynova Natalia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper deals with the restrictive (limitative) markerkə̄n‘only’ in Ulcha (Southern Tungusic). This marker has nontrivial positional features: it can attach before inflectional suffixes (as a derivational affix) or after them (as an enclitic). One might see the process of affix reordering described inHaspelmath (1993)as “externalization of inflection”, when a former clitic becomes a derivational affix. However, there is evidence that the uses ofkə̄nafter inflection are innovative as compared to those before inflection, not vice versa, and this direction of diachronic development is very unexpected. In this paper, I propose an explanation for this nonstandard reordering pattern and show that in fact it has the same motivation and the same mechanisms as previously reported types of affix reordering.
Quantum dark solitons in ultracold one-dimensional Bose and Fermi gases
Authors: Syrwid Andrzej 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Solitons are ubiquitous phenomena that appear, among others, in the description of tsunami waves, fiber-optic communication and ultracold atomic gases. The latter systems turned out to be an excellent playground for investigations of matter-wave solitons in a quantum world. This tutorial provides a general overview of the ultracold contact interacting Bose and Fermi systems in a one-dimensional space that can be described by the renowned Lieb–Liniger and Yang–Gaudin models. Both the quantum many-body systems are exactly solvable by means of the Bethe ansatz technique, granting us a possibility for investigations of quantum nature of solitonic excitations. We discuss in details a specific class of quantum many-body excited eigenstates called yrast states and show that they are strictly related to quantum dark solitons in the both considered Bose and Fermi systems.
Optimizing the magnetic properties of hard and soft materials for producing exchange spring permanent magnets
Authors: Petrecca Michele , Muzzi Beatrice , Oliveri Stefano Maria , Albino Martin , Yaacoub Nader , Peddis Davide , de Julián Fernández César , Innocenti Claudia , Sangregorio Claudio 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The exploitation of the exchange coupling between hard and soft magnetic materials has been proposed for enhancing the magnetic performances of rare-earth free permanent magnets, with the aim of extending their use to all applications where moderate energy product (35–100 kJ m−3) is required. Strontium hexaferrite (SFO)/spinel ferrite composites seem particularly promising to achieve this target, although the conditions to maximize the effect while using techniques easily scalable to industrial production have not yet been identified. Within this framework, the optimization of the structural, chemical, and magnetic properties of the two moieties before the coupling procedure is crucial to enhance the energy product of the final composite. Here we report the syntheses of both nanometric SFO with high coercivity (ca. 525 kA m−1) and quasi-bulk saturation magnetization (68 Am2 kg−1) and a series of nanosized zinc-doped ferrite (Zn
x
Fe3−x
O4, 0.0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.4) through cheap, easily scalable and eco-friendly approaches. The structural and chemical stability of the two magnetic phases as a function of temperature were investigated up to 1100 °C, with the aim of finding the best compromise between preservation of the nanometric scale and magnetic properties. A very high-magnetization (106 Am2 kg−1) ferrite was obtained by annealing Zn0.3Fe2.7O4 nanopowder at the highest investigated temperature. A preliminary attempt at coupling the two phases, starting from a mixture of the nanopowders, was performed through a classic annealing process in the temperature range 500 °C–1100 °C. The adopted procedure allowed for obtaining an exchange coupled composite at 1100 °C where the two phases are intimately and homogeneously mixed, with micrometric (0.3–5 μm) and nanometric (up to 50 nm) spinel ferrite particles. Despite these promising results, no enhancement of the energy product was found, highlighting the need for further experimental efforts to improve the coupling procedure.
Transition between half-metal and ferromagnetic semiconductor induced by silicon vacancy in bulk non-metallic substrate supported silicene
Authors: Qian Yan , Kan Erjun , Deng Kaiming , Wu Haiping 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
It should be possible to generate silicene on bulk non-metallic substrates for most applications in electronic components. However, the introduction of different types of imperfections, which significantly change the properties of materials, is inevitable in experimental synthesis. The literature on the defective silicene generated on bulk non-metallic substrates is very limited, perhaps due to the lack of experimental fabrication. Thus, by using first-principles calculations, we systematically study the effect of silicon vacancies on the properties of silicene generated on a N-terminated cubic boron nitride (111) surface. The result shows that the silicon vacancies trigger a transition between the half-metal and the ferromagnetic semiconductor. With small vacancy ratios of 1:36 and 1:24, the ground-state models behave as ferromagnetic semiconductors and the band gaps are about 1.25 and 0.95 eV, respectively. When the vacancy ratio increases up to 1:6, the model turns into a ferromagnetic half-metal with a half-metallic gap of around 0.15 eV. The change of electronic structure is driven by the different electron transfers between the silicon layer and the substrate, i.e. different amounts of electrons are transferred from the silicon layer to the substrate when the vacancy ratio is altered. Our work could extend the applications of silicene in the nanoelectronic field.