bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
p-120 Catenin is a Useful Diagnostic Biomarker for Distinguishing Plasmacytoid and Sarcomatoid Variants From Conventional Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Acosta Andres M. , Barletta Justine , Sonpavde Guru , Schnitt Stuart , Hirsch Michelle S. 
Published: November 2020

Context.—
Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma (PC-UC) is an aggressive variant of urothelial carcinoma (UC), characterized by loss of E-cadherin (E-Cad)–mediated intercellular adhesion. Loss of E-Cad by immunohistochemistry can help diagnose PC-UC; however, sensitivity is limited. Expression of other cadherin-catenin adhesion complex members, that is, p-120 catenin (p-120) and β-catenin (B-Cat), which are diagnostically useful for lobular breast carcinoma, remains unknown in UC.

Objective.—
To determine the utility of p-120 and B-Cat in conventional and variant UC.

Design.—
E-cadherin, B-Cat, and p-120 immunohistochemistry was performed in 25 conventional UCs and 33 variant UCs, including 22 PC-UCs, 6 sarcomatoid UCs (SUCs), and 5 micropapillary UCs. Membranous staining for all biomarkers was considered normal; however, any cytoplasmic staining or an absence of staining was considered diagnostically abnormal. Next-generation sequencing was performed on 8 PC-UC cases.

Results.—
E-cadherin, B-Cat, and p-120 showed membranous staining in all conventional and micropapillary UCs. In contrast, most PC-UCs were negative for E-Cad (17 of 22; 77%) with an additional 2 of 22 cases (9%) showing cytoplasmic with partial membranous staining. p-120 catenin demonstrated cytoplasmic or negative staining in 21 of 22 cases (95%). Most SUCs showed an absence of E-Cad (5 of 6; 83%) and cytoplasmic or negative p-120 in 5 of 6 cases (83%). Staining for B-Cat was also abnormal in a subset of PC-UCs and SUCs. Five PC-UC cases that harbored CDH1 gene variants were p-120 cytoplasmic positive.

Conclusions.—
p-120 catenin is a useful adjunct biomarker to E-Cad in the clinically important distinction of PC-UC and SUC from conventional UC. In particular, the combination of cytoplasmic p-120 and loss of E-Cad is strongly supportive of PC-UC and SUC.
Where is the Boundary Between Sociology and Not-Sociology?
Authors: Platt Jennifer 
Published: November 2020

In work on the history of sociology, how may the boundaries of study be defined, and what requires explanation as part of sociology? Becker’s concept of the „art world’ suggests thinking in terms of the „sociology world’ which is needed to produce the sociological object. Three very different examples – Young and Willmott’s Family and Kinship in East London, a cross-disciplinary quantitative sociology study group, and Hodson’s use of amateur descriptions of workplaces as data – are discussed, and it is concluded that the practical methodological answer depends on the particular research topic and the resources available.
Solovey and Cravens: Cold War Social Science
Authors: Bortolini Matteo 
Published: November 2020

Book Review of:
Mark Solovey and Hamilton Cravens (eds.), Cold War Social Science: Knowledge Production, Liberal Democracy, and Human NatureNew York: Palgrave Macmillan 2014First paperback ed., xvii + 270 pp.ISBN 978-1-137-38835-3Price: € 31
Democracy, Totalitarianism, and Dead Ends in Sociology
Authors: Sackmann Reinhold 
Published: November 2020

The 20th century did not only see the rise of academic sociology, but highlighted also strife within societies that resulted in specific forms of totalitarianism. Literature on the relationship of sociology and these totalitarianisms is controversial. Some authors state that sociology is not a natural antipode to dictatorships: Some sociologists like Sombart and Michels were active proponents of totalitarian ideology, and most totalitarian regimes quite liked the technical expertise of social research. Other authors propose that a flourishing sociology needs a certain form of society characterized by openness and tolerance to find a constructive climate for theoretical reflection, empirical research and practical relevance.From this position one could state that there is a “Wahlverwandtschaft”, a structural affinity, between sociology and democracy.The article uses empirical material from a case study on the development of sociology at the University of Halle between 1900 and 1990. The University of Halle is an interesting case in so far as in this East German university the societal context varies between monarchy, democracy, fascism and communism. The empirical material focuses on published and unpublished work of Friedrich Hertz and Rudhard Stollberg, as well as archive material to their activities and conflicts. Specific dead ends of forms of historical sociology and empirical sociology are analysed with regard to the guiding question, whether there is a structural tension between forms of totalitarianism and sociology.
An Insight into Digital Education in India during COVID-19 from the Lens of Students
Authors: Devi G. Padmini , Sornapudi Sirisha Deepthi 
Published: November 2020

Aim: To identify infrastructure facilities used by the students for digital education as well as to find out the significant difference in knowledge and skills of various online tools before and after lockdown.
Study Design: Exploratory design.
Place and Duration of Study: Students from the government, aided colleges, and state agriculture universities in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana were administered the questionnaire in May 2020.
Methodology: A total of 315 students (age range under 20-40 years) actively participating in online classes were chosen.
Results: The majority of the students possessed mobile phones even before lockdown and used them for digital learning. Students reported an increase in the amount spent on internet connectivity per month (50%), increased usage of data (70%), and increased recharge amount (46%). Since the overall mobile data usage of the students has greatly increased, consequently the amount spent on the internet also has increased after lockdown. Although most students (90.48%) were aware of online education, only 30.79% were enrolled in online classes before lockdown. Three fourth of the students were using smartphones for accessing online classes and more than fifty per cent of the students were spending two to three hours per day in the digital learning process. When it came to knowledge up-gradation, 48.89% of the students have not made use of any e-learning platform, only 21.27% used the Swayam e-learning portal, and 12.06% used UGC MOOCs. During the lockdown, students were actively participating in the online classes, which could be gleaned from their knowledge of various apps. There was a significant difference in the students’ usage of various applications before and after lockdown. There exists a significant difference between students’ knowledge of usage of apps, data, the amount spent, and time spent in the digital learning process during Covid-19. Students who were active in the online classes inadvertently consumed more amounts of mobile data, which gave them continuous network coverage enabling them to finish assignments, attend webinars, and in turn improved their knowledge.
Conclusion: Despite hardships, the students were actively engaged in digital learning during the lockdown period imposed due to Covid-19 by adapting to the new normal mode of online education.
Assessment of Some Heavy Metals and Physico-Chemical Parameters of Surface Water of Matara-Uku Wetlands
Authors: Haruna Abbas Umar , Muhammad Yahaya Abdullahi , Muhammad Zaharaddeen , Ahmad Misbahu Said , Goje Fatima Abdullahi , Ibrahim Musbahu 
Published: November 2020

The study assessed the levels of Nitrogen, Phosphorous and some heavy metals in Matara-Uku wetland. Twenty water samples were collected from surface water of Matara-Uku using polyethene plastic container, the physicochemical parameters of the samples were measured and the samples were analyzed for Nitrogen, Phosphorous and heavy metals. Results from physicochemical analysis are obtained as; pH (7.6 – 8.0), total dissolve solid (70.82 - 84.26 mg/l), electric conductivity (105.0 – 163.0 μs/cm) and temperature (24.4 – 25.4ºC). All the results are in line with World Health Organization standard of 6.5 - 8.5, <600 mg/l, 400 μs/cm and ambient temperature respectively. The Nitrogen and phosphorous were analyzed using UV- Visible spectrophotometer. From the results, it was found that all the samples had Nitrogen level below the World Health Organization maximum contaminant level of 10 mg/L with a mean concentration range (0.2293 ± 0.0057) mg/L to (2.2455 ± 0.0216) mg/L. Phosphorus was also analyzed and the results indicated that all the sampling sites had phosphorus level above the WHO maximum contaminant level of 0.03 mg/L with a mean concentration range (3.8208 ± 0.4109) mg/L to (4.56 ± 0.1325) mg/L. The water samples were digested using concentrated HCl and HNO3, in which the digested samples were used for heavy metals analysis using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The mean concentrations of the heavy metals analyzed were between the ranges Pb (0.1272 ± 0.0445) mg/L to (0.2727 ± 0.1285) mg/L, Cd (0.0026 ± 0.0024) mg/L to (0.0053 ± 0.0054) mg/L and Ni (0.0705 ± 0.0235) mg/L to (0.1411 ± 0.0819) mg/L respectively. Concentrations of Cd and Ni are generally below the maximum permissible limit of 0.03 mg/L and 0.02 mg/L, whereas concentrations of Pb exceeded the maximum permissible limit of 0.01 mg/L for surface water. It was concluded that the surface water of Matara-Uku is polluted with respect to Pb, which is known to bio-accumulate and even undergo bio-magnification in organisms such as fishes and even plants with serious health implications to human being.
Effects of Justicia carnea Leave on Hematological Parameters in Albino Mice Carried Out in Mbingo Annex Hospital Laboratory in Bamenda, North West Region, Cameroon
Authors: Nji Asakizi Augustine , Chrysanthus Nchang , Monyongo Ngombe David 
Published: November 2020

This study is design to ascertain the hematological status in albino mice treated with Justicia carnea leave, which could aid in the treatment of anemia. The hematological parameters investigated include Mean Cell Volume (MCV), Mean Cell Hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Platelets (PLTS), Hemoglobin (Hb), Red Blood Cells (RBCs), Pack Cell Volume (PCV) and White Blood Cells (WBCs). Nine (9) male albino mice of approximately the same weight 300 g were grouped into 3 groups that’s Negative Control (NC) Positive Control (PC) and Test Control (TC), each made up of 3 mice. Negative control mice were given normal feed moisten with water, Positive control received diluted iron folate with normal feed, finally Test control mice were administered powdered leaves of Justicia carnea with normal feed for 7 days, after which blood samples were collected using EDTA tubes by exsanguination and run for hematological parameters using auto-hematological analyzer. The results of various groups were found to be; as there was a significant increase in RBCs, Hb, & PCV (P=0.05), between the groups. No significant change was observed on the MCV, MCH, and MCHC. Lymphocytosis was observed in all groups with mark difference in granulocytosis. TC had granulocytosis, NC showed normal granulocyte scores and the PC show granulocytopenia with a statistical difference of P=0.0017. A significant difference was seen in platelets between the groups P=0.02. This study shows that J. carnea leaves possess anti-anemic potential, lending credence to the use of these plant leaves in folk medicine for the management of hemolytic anemia would be helpful. Further research on the various phytochemicals of the plant should be done and also its toxicological aspects.
All‐Dielectric Nanostructure Fabry–Pérot‐Enhanced Mie Resonances Coupled with Photogain Modulation toward Ultrasensitive In2S3 Photodetector
Authors: Lu Jianting , Yan Jiahao , Yao Jiandong , Zheng Zhaoqiang , Mao Bijun , Zhao Yu , Li Jingbo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAs the fresh blood of 2D family, non‐layered 2D materials (2DNLMs) have demonstrated great potential in the application of next‐generation optoelectronic devices. However, stemming from the weak light absorption brought by atomically thin thickness and the interfacial recombination brought by surface dangling bonds, traditional 2DNLM photodetectors are always accompanied by limited performance. Herein, a structure that integrates Si nanopillar array and non‐layered 2D In2S3 to construct an ultrasensitive photodetector is designed. In particular, periodically Si nanopillars can act as Fabry–Pérot‐enhanced Mie resonators that can effectively control and enhance the light absorption of 2D In2S3. On the other hand, a vertical built‐in electric field is introduced in the In2S3 channel to capture photogenerated holes and leave electrons recycling in In2S3, obtaining a high photogain. Benefiting from these two mechanisms, this proposed photodetector presents a high responsivity of 4812 A W−1 and short rise/decay time of 5.2/4.0 ms at the wavelength of 405 nm. Especially, a high light on–off ratio greater than 106 and a record‐high detectivity of 5.4 × 1015 Jones are achieved, representing one of the most sensitive photodetectors based on 2D materials. This deliberate device design concept suggests an effective scheme to construct high‐performance 2DNLM optoelectronic devices.
Sec‐Eliminating the SARS‐CoV‐2 by AlGaN Based High Power Deep Ultraviolet Light Source
Authors: Liu Shangfeng , Luo Wei , Li Dan , Yuan Ye , Tong Wei , Kang Junjie , Wang Yixin , Li Duo , Rong Xin , Wang Tao , Chen Zhaoying , Li Yongde , Wang Houjin , Wang Weiyun , Hoo Jason , Yan Long , Guo Shiping , Shen Bo , Cong Zhe , Wang Xinqiang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe world‐wide spreading of coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) has greatly shaken human society, thus effective and fast‐speed methods of non‐daily‐life‐disturbance sterilization have become extremely significant. In this work, by fully benefitting from high‐quality AlN template (with threading dislocation density as low as ≈6×108 cm−2) as well as outstanding deep ultraviolet (UVC‐less than 280 nm) light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) structure design and epitaxy optimization, high power UVC LEDs and ultra‐high‐power sterilization irradiation source are achieved. Moreover, for the first time, a result in which a fast and complete elimination of SARS‐CoV‐2 (the virus causes COVID‐19) within only 1 s is achieved by the nearly whole industry‐chain‐covered product. These results advance the promising potential in UVC‐LED disinfection particularly in the shadow of COVID‐19.
Ultra‐Low Dark Current Organic–Inorganic Hybrid X‐Ray Detectors
Authors: Nanayakkara M. Prabodhi A. , Matjačić Lidija , Wood Sebastian , Richheimer Filipe , Castro Fernando A. , Jenatsch Sandra , Züfle Simon , Kilbride Rachel , Parnell Andrew J. , Masteghin Mateus G. , Thirimanne Hashini M. , Nisbet Andrew , Jayawardena K. D. G. Imalka , Silva S. Ravi P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOrganic‐inorganic hybrid semiconductors are an emerging class of materials for direct conversion X‐ray detection due to attractive characteristics such as high sensitivity and the potential to form conformal detectors. However, existing hybrid semiconductor X‐ray detectors display dark currents that are 1000–10 000× higher than industrially relevant values of 1–10 pA mm−2. Herein, ultra‐low dark currents of <10 pA mm−2, under electric fields as high as ≈4 V µm−1, for hybrid X‐ray detectors consisting of bismuth oxide nanoparticles (for enhanced X‐ray attenuation) incorporated into an organic bulk heterojunction consisting of p‐type Poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT) and n‐type [6,6]‐Phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM) are reported. Such ultra‐low dark currents are realized through the enrichment of the hole selective p‐type organic semiconductor near the anode contact. The resulting detectors demonstrate broadband X‐ray response including an exceptionally high sensitivity of ≈1.5 mC Gy−1 cm−2 and <6% variation in angular dependence response under 6 MV hard X‐rays. The above characteristics in combination with excellent dose linearity, dose rate linearity, and reproducibility over a broad energy range enable these detectors to be developed for medical and industrial applications.
Nanotools for Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Papafilippou Lana , Claxton Andrew , Dark Paul , Kostarelos Kostas , Hadjidemetriou Marilena 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSepsis is one of the leading causes of death worldwide with high mortality rates and a pathological complexity hindering early and accurate diagnosis. Today, laboratory culture tests are the epitome of pathogen recognition in sepsis. However, their consistency remains an issue of controversy with false negative results often observed. Clinically used blood markers, C reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) are indicators of an acute‐phase response and thus lack specificity, offering limited diagnostic efficacy. In addition to poor diagnosis, inefficient drug delivery and the increasing prevalence of antibiotic‐resistant microorganisms constitute significant barriers in antibiotic stewardship and impede effective therapy. These challenges have prompted the exploration for alternative strategies that pursue accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. Nanomaterials are examined for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in sepsis. The nanoparticle (NP)‐enabled capture of sepsis causative agents and/or sepsis biomarkers in biofluids can revolutionize sepsis diagnosis. From the therapeutic point of view, currently existing nanoscale drug delivery systems have proven to be excellent allies in targeted therapy, while many other nanotherapeutic applications are envisioned. Herein, the most relevant applications of nanomedicine for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of sepsis is reviewed, providing a critical assessment of their potentiality for clinical translation.
Impact of Individual Structural Defects in GaAs Solar Cells: A Correlative and In Operando Investigation of Signatures, Structures, and Effects
Authors: Chen Qiong , McKeon Brandon S. , Zhang Sunny Y. , Zhang Fan , Hu Changkui , Gfroerer Timothy H. , Wanlass Mark W. , Smith David J. , Zhang Yong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDefects usually degrade device performance. Thus, many techniques and effort are devoted to studying semiconductor defects. However, it is rarely known: i) how individual defects affect device performance; ii) how the impact depends on the device operating conditions; iii) how the impact varies from one defect to another; and iv) how these variations are correlated to the microscopic‐scale defect structure. To address these crucial questions, an array of correlative and spatially resolved techniques, including electroluminescence, photoluminescence, Raman, I–V characteristics, and high‐resolution electron microscopy, are used to characterize dislocation defects in GaAs solar cells. Significantly, the study is carried out in a series mode and in operando. This approach provides quantitative and definitive correlation between the atomistic structure of defects and their explicit effects on device performance, thus giving unprecedented insight into defect physics.
Biofabrication of Nanocellulose–Mycelium Hybrid Materials
Authors: Attias Noam , Reid Michael , Mijowska Sylwia Carolina , Dobryden Illia , Isaksson Marcus , Pokroy Boaz , Grobman Yasha J. , Abitbol Tiffany 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHealthy material alternatives based on renewable resources and sustainable technologies have the potential to disrupt the environmentally damaging production and consumption practices established throughout the modern industrial era. In this study, a mycelium–nanocellulose biocomposite with hybrid properties is produced by the agitated liquid culture of a white‐rot fungus (Trametes ochracea) with nanocellulose (NC) comprised as part of the culture media. Mycelial development proceeds via the formation of pellets, where NC is enriched in the pellets and depleted from the surrounding liquid media. Micrometer‐scale NC elements become engulfed in mycelium, whereas it is hypothesized that the nanometer‐scale fraction becomes integrated within the hyphal cell wall, such that all NC in the system is essentially surface‐modified by mycelium. The NC confers mechanical strength to films processed from the biocomposite, whereas the mycelium screens typical cellulose–water interactions, giving fibrous slurries that dewater faster and films that exhibit significantly improved wet resistance in comparison to pure NC films. The mycelium–nanocellulose biocomposites are processable in the ways familiar to papermaking and are suggested for diverse applications, including packaging, filtration, and hygiene products.
Partial‐Single‐Atom, Partial‐Nanoparticle Composites Enhance Water Dissociation for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Hu Chun , Song Erhong , Wang Maoyu , Chen Wei , Huang Fuqiang , Feng Zhenxing , Liu Jianjun , Wang Jiacheng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe development of an efficient electrocatalyst toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is of significant importance in transforming renewable electricity to pure and clean hydrogen by water splitting. However, the construction of an active electrocatalyst with multiple sites that can promote the dissociation of water molecules still remains a great challenge. Herein, a partial‐single‐atom, partial‐nanoparticle composite consisting of nanosized ruthenium (Ru) nanoparticles (NPs) and individual Ru atoms as an energy‐efficient HER catalyst in alkaline medium is reported. The formation of this unique composite mainly results from the dispersion of Ru NPs to small‐size NPs and single atoms (SAs) on the Fe/N codoped carbon (Fe–N–C) substrate due to the thermodynamic stability. The optimal catalyst exhibits an outstanding HER activity with an ultralow overpotential (9 mV) at 10 mA cm−2 (η10), a high turnover frequency (8.9 H2 s−1 at 50 mV overpotential), and nearly 100% Faraday efficiency, outperforming the state‐of‐the‐art commercial Pt/C and other reported HER electrocatalysts in alkaline condition. Both experimental and theoretical calculations reveal that the coexistence of Ru NPs and SAs can improve the hydride coupling and water dissociation kinetics, thus synergistically enhancing alkaline hydrogen evolution performance.
Gene‐specific facial dysmorphism in Axenfeld‐Rieger syndrome caused by FOXC1 and PITX2 variants
Authors: Souzeau Emmanuelle , Siggs Owen M. , Pasutto Francesca , Knight Lachlan S. W. , Perez‐Jurado Luis A. , McGregor Lesley , Le Blanc Shannon , Barnett Christopher P. , Liebelt Jan , Craig Jamie E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAxenfeld‐Rieger syndrome is a genetic condition characterized by ocular and systemic features and is most commonly caused by variants in the FOXC1 or PITX2 genes. Facial dysmorphism is part of the syndrome but the differences between both genes have never been systematically assessed. Here, 11 facial traits commonly reported in Axenfeld‐Rieger syndrome were assessed by five clinical geneticists blinded to the molecular diagnosis. Individuals were drawn from the Australian and New Zealand Registry of Advanced Glaucoma in Australia or recruited through the Genetic and Ophthalmology Unit of l'Azienda Socio‐Sanitaria Territoriale Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda in Italy. Thirty‐four individuals from 18 families were included. FOXC1 variants were present in 64.7% of individuals and PITX2 variants in 35.3% of individuals. A thin upper lip (55.9%) and a prominent forehead (41.2%) were common facial features shared between both genes. Hypertelorism/telecanthus (81.8% vs 25.0%, p = 0.002) and low‐set ears (31.8% vs 0.0%, p = 0.036) were significantly more prevalent in individuals with FOXC1 variants compared with PITX2 variants. These findings may assist clinicians in reaching correct clinical and molecular diagnoses, and providing appropriate genetic counseling.