bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atypical anterior persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous: report of a rare case
Authors: Wang Jue , Yan Hong , Du Zhaojiang , Zhang Jie , Wang Weinong , Guo Chenjun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) is a congenital form of vitreous dysplasia that can be categorized into anterior, posterior, and mixed types according to the affected location within the eye. Definitive diagnoses of PHPV are usually made based on B-mode ultrasound, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and Doppler ultrasound findings. In this report, we discuss the case of a 7-year-old boy in whom a definitive diagnosis of atypical anterior PHPV was possible based on intraoperative observations, pathological findings, and the results of ophthalmic examination.

Case presentation
A 7-year-old boy presented with leukocoria and acute glaucoma in his right eye. Imaging suggested characteristics of mixed PHPV. Surgical treatment and pathological examination were performed due to the presence of acute glaucoma and abnormal lens morphology. Typical signs of posterior PHPV (e.g., eyeball shrinkage, the presence of vascular membranes connected to the optic disc, etc.) were not observed. However, there were abundant fibrous vascular membranes around the lens. Pathological examination revealed fibrocyte proliferation in the lens and capsular tissue. Intraoperative findings were used in conjunction with the results of pathological and ophthalmological examinations to make the final diagnosis of anterior PHPV.

Conclusion
The course and characteristics of PHPV can be unpredictable, and it is often the case that a clear diagnosis cannot be obtained based on clinical characteristics and typical imaging examinations alone. Further surgical treatment and pathological examination may aid in establishing a final diagnosis. In addition to treating the complications of PHPV (e.g., glaucoma), surgery may improve eye appearance and restore visual function to some degree.
Development and validation of new figural scales for female body dissatisfaction assessment on two dimensions: thin-ideal and muscularity-ideal
Authors: Ralph-Nearman Christina , Filik Ruth 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Body dissatisfaction influences women’s mental and physical health. To date, most research has focused on body dissatisfaction in relation to the ‘thin-ideal’. Thus, the association between body dissatisfaction, eating disorder symptomatology and muscularity-ideal in women is less clear. Lack of understanding is underpinned by the lack of reliable and valid muscularity-related assessments for women. To address this need, we developed, tested and re-tested two new body dissatisfaction scales: The Female Body Scale (FBS; adiposity dimension) and Female Fit Body Scale (FFITBS; muscularity dimension).

Methods
One hundred and fifty-two women in the United Kingdom rated which body figure best represented their current and ideal body, completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q 6.0), and their body composition was measured. During re-test, the EDE-Q 6.0 and Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS) were completed.

Results
Both the FBS and the FFITBS were found to be valid and reliable, and distinct types of body dissatisfaction were identified. Higher EDE-Q scores corresponded with greater body dissatisfaction scores on both the FBS and FFITBS. Thin-ideal (FBS) and larger/muscularity-ideal (FFITBS) body dissatisfaction predicted higher scores on the DMS. The muscularity scale (FFITBS) uniquely revealed that 28% of participants indicated body dissatisfaction toward the larger-muscularity-ideal.

Conclusions
Results reveal distinct dimensions of body dissatisfaction. These new, validated scales may be utilized to quickly identify eating disorder risk in women as a preventative assessment for clinicians and inform female-focused body-image and eating disorder research.
Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses implementation-related factors at 18 Colombian cities
Authors: García Sierra Andrés Mauricio , Ocampo Cañas Jovana Alexandra 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundIntegrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMCI) is a strategy developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF in 1992. It was deployed as an integrated approach to improve children’s health in the world. This strategy is divided into three components: organizational, clinical, and communitarian. If the Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses implementation-related factors in low- and middle-income countries are known, the likelihood of decreasing infant morbidity and mortality rates could be increased. This work aimed to identify, from the clinical component of the strategy, the implementation-related factors to Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses at 18 Colombian cities.MethodsA quantitative cross-sectional study was performed with a secondary analysis of databases of a study conducted in Colombia by the Public Health group of Universidad de Los Andes in 2016. An Integrated Care Index was calculated as a dependent variable and descriptive bivariate and multivariate analyses to find the relationship between this index and the relevant variables from literature.ResultsInformation was obtained from 165 medical appointments made by nurses, general practitioners, and pediatricians. Health access is given mainly in the urban area, in the first level care and outpatient context. Essential medicines availability, necessary supplies, second-level care, medical appointment periods longer than 30 min, and care to the child under 30 months are often related to higher rates of Integrated Care Index.ConclusionHealth care provided to children under five remains incomplete because it does not present the basic minimums for the adequate IMCI’s implementation in the country. It is necessary to provide integrated care that provides medicine availability and essential supplies that reduce access barriers and improve the system’s fragmentation.
A cross-omics integrative study of metabolic signatures of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Prokić Ivana , Lahousse Lies , de Vries Maaike , Liu Jun , Kalaoja Marita , Vonk Judith M. , van der Plaat Diana A. , van Diemen Cleo C. , van der Spek Ashley , Zhernakova Alexandra , Fu Jingyuan , Ghanbari Mohsen , Ala-Korpela Mika , Kettunen Johannes , Havulinna Aki S. , Perola Markus , Salomaa Veikko , Lind Lars , Ärnlöv Johan , Stricker Bruno H. C. , Brusselle Guy G. , Boezen H. Marike , van Duijn Cornelia M. , Amin Najaf 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common lung disorder characterized by persistent and progressive airflow limitation as well as systemic changes. Metabolic changes in blood may help detect COPD in an earlier stage and predict prognosis.

Methods
We conducted a comprehensive study of circulating metabolites, measured by proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, in relation with COPD and lung function. The discovery sample consisted of 5557 individuals from two large population-based studies in the Netherlands, the Rotterdam Study and the Erasmus Rucphen Family study. Significant findings were replicated in 12,205 individuals from the Lifelines-DEEP study, FINRISK and the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) studies. For replicated metabolites further investigation of causality was performed, utilizing genetics in the Mendelian randomization approach.

Results
There were 602 cases of COPD and 4955 controls used in the discovery meta-analysis. Our logistic regression results showed that higher levels of plasma Glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA) are significantly associated with COPD (OR = 1.16, P = 5.6 × 10− 4 in the discovery and OR = 1.30, P = 1.8 × 10− 6 in the replication sample). A bi-directional two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis suggested that circulating blood GlycA is not causally related to COPD, but that COPD causally increases GlycA levels. Using the prospective data of the same sample of Rotterdam Study in Cox-regression, we show that the circulating GlycA level is a predictive biomarker of COPD incidence (HR = 1.99, 95%CI 1.52–2.60, comparing those in the highest and lowest quartile of GlycA) but is not significantly associated with mortality in COPD patients (HR = 1.07, 95%CI 0.94–1.20).

Conclusions
Our study shows that circulating blood GlycA is a biomarker of early COPD pathology.
Specific manifestations of knee osteoarthritis predict depression and anxiety years in the future: Vancouver Longitudinal Study of Early Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Sayre Eric C. , Esdaile John M. , Kopec Jacek A. , Singer Joel , Wong Hubert , Thorne Anona , Guermazi Ali , Nicolaou Savvas , Cibere Jolanda 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
To evaluate whether knee osteoarthritis (OA) manifestations predict depression and anxiety using cross-sectional and longitudinal prediction models.

Methods
A population-based cohort (n = 122) with knee pain, aged 40–79, was evaluated at baseline, 3 and 7 years. Baseline predictors were: age decade; sex; BMI ≥ 25; physical exam knee effusion; crepitus; malalignment; quadriceps atrophy; flexion; flexion contracture; Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) x-ray grade (0/1/2/3+); WOMAC pain ≥25; WOMAC stiffness ≥25; self-reported knee swelling; and knee OA diagnosis (no/probable/definite). Depression and anxiety, cutoffs 5+ and 7+ respectively, were measured via the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. We fit logistic models at each cycle using multivariable models selected via lowest Akaike’s information criterion.

Results
Baseline depression model: sex (female OR = 0.27; 0.10, 0.76) and KL grade (KL 1 OR = 4.21; 1.31, 13.48). Three-year depression model: KL grade (KL 1 OR = 18.92; 1.73, 206.25). Seven-year depression model: WOMAC stiffness ≥25 (OR = 3.49; 1.02, 11.94) and flexion contracture ≥1 degree (OR = 0.23; 0.07, 0.81). Baseline anxiety model: knee swelling (OR = 4.11; 1.51, 11.13) and age (50–59 vs. 40–49 OR = 0.31 [0.11, 0.85]; 60–69 OR = 0.07 [0.01, 0.42]). Three-year anxiety model: WOMAC stiffness ≥25 (OR = 5.80; 1.23, 27.29) and KL grade (KL 1 OR = 6.25; 1.04, 37.65). Seven-year anxiety model: sex (female OR = 2.71; 0.87, 8.46).

Conclusion
Specific knee OA-related manifestations predict depression and anxiety cross-sectionally, 3 years in the future, and for depression, 7 years in the future. This information may prove useful to clinicians in helping to identify patients most at risk of present or future depression and anxiety, thus facilitating preemptive discussions that may help counter that risk.
Implementation of minimally invasive gastrectomy for gastric cancer in a western tertiary referral center
Authors: Tsekrekos Andrianos , Triantafyllou Tania , Klevebro Fredrik , Hayami Masaru , Lindblad Mats , Nilsson Magnus , Lundell Lars , Rouvelas Ioannis 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Minimally invasive techniques have gradually come to take a leading position in the surgical treatment of gastrointestinal malignancies. In order to define an effective process for the implementation of similar techniques in the treatment of gastric cancer, patient caseload represents a pivotal factor for education and training, but is a prerequisite not fulfilled in most Western countries. Additionally, as opposed to the East, a variety of additional factors such as the usually advanced stage of the disease and differences in patient characteristics are prevailing and raise further obstacles. Hereby we report a strategy for a safe and effective process for the implementation of laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery in a Western tertiary referral center.

Methods
The present study describes the stepwise implementation of laparoscopic gastrectomy for the treatment of gastric cancer at a tertiary referral center, comprising the time period 2012–2019. This process was facilitated by a close collaboration with two high-volume centers in Japan, as well as exchanging fellowships and observerships between the Karolinska University Hospital and other European centers. From the initially strict selection of cases for laparoscopic surgery, laparoscopic gastrectomy has gradually become the preferred approach also in patients with locally advanced tumors.

Results
From January 1st 2010 until December 31st 2019, 249 patients were operated for gastric cancer, of whom 141 (56.6%) had an open and 108 (43.4%) a laparoscopic procedure. In the latter group, total gastrectomy was performed in 33.3% of the patients. While blood loss, operation time and length of stay decreased during the first years after implementation, these variables increased slightly during the last years of the study period, probably due to the higher proportion of advanced gastric cancer cases, as well as the higher rate of laparoscopic total gastrectomy with more extended lymphadenectomy.

Conclusions
Laparoscopic surgery is currently a valid therapeutic option for gastric cancer, which has expanded to also embrace total gastrectomy and locally advanced tumors. Collaboration between centers in the East and West, centralization to high-volume centers and application of enhanced recovery protocols are essential components in the implementation and further refinement of minimally invasive gastrectomy.
Using long-term ranging patterns to assess within-group and between-group competition in wild mountain gorillas
Authors: Seiler Nicole , Robbins Martha M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundCompetition within and between social groups determines access to resources and can be inferred from space use parameters that reflect depletion of food resources and competitive abilities of groups. Using location data from 1998 to 2017, we investigated within- and between-group competition in 12 groups of wild mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei). As within-group feeding competition is expected to increase with group size, an increase in group size is predicted to lead to an increase in the size of annual home ranges and core areas, but to a decrease in fidelity (reuse of an area). Due to asymmetries in competitive abilities, larger groups are expected to have higher exclusivity (degree of non-shared space) of annual home ranges and core areas than smaller groups.ResultsWe found evidence of within-group feeding competition based on a positive relationship between group size and both annual home range and core area size as well as a negative relationship between group size and core area fidelity. Additionally, fidelity of core areas was lower than of home ranges. Between-group competition was inferred from a trend for groups with more members and more males to have more exclusive home ranges and core areas. Lastly, annual core areas were largely mutually exclusive.ConclusionsOur study suggests that non-territorial, group-living animals can have highly dynamic, long-term avoidance-based spacing patterns, both temporally and spatially, to maintain annual core area exclusivity among groups while concurrently shifting these areas annually within overlapping home ranges to avoid resource depletion. Despite ranging in larger home ranges and core areas, larger groups were able to maintain more exclusive ranges than smaller groups, suggesting a competitive advantage for larger groups in between-group competition in a non-territorial species. Together, these findings contribute to understanding how social animals make behavioral adjustments to mitigate the effects of intraspecific competition.
ADAM15 expression is increased in lung CD8+ T cells, macrophages, and bronchial epithelial cells in patients with COPD and is inversely related to airflow obstruction
Authors: Wang Xiaoyun , Zhang Duo , Higham Andrew , Wolosianka Sophie , Gai Xiaoyan , Zhou Lu , Petersen Hans , Pinto-Plata Victor , Divo Miguel , Silverman Edwin K. , Celli Bartolome , Singh Dave , Sun Yongchang , Owen Caroline A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-15 (ADAM15) is expressed by activated leukocytes, and fibroblasts in vitro. Whether ADAM15 expression is increased in the lungs of COPD patients is not known.

Methods
ADAM15 gene expression and/or protein levels were measured in whole lung and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) macrophage samples obtained from COPD patients, smokers, and non-smokers. Soluble ADAM15 protein levels were measured in BAL fluid (BALF) and plasma samples from COPD patients and controls. Cells expressing ADAM15 in the lungs were identified using immunostaining. Staining for ADAM15 in different cells in the lungs was related to forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), and pack-years of smoking history.

Results
ADAM15 gene expression and/or protein levels were increased in alveolar macrophages and whole lung samples from COPD patients versus smokers and non-smokers. Soluble ADAM15 protein levels were similar in BALF and plasma samples from COPD patients and controls. ADAM15 immunostaining was increased in macrophages, CD8+ T cells, epithelial cells, and airway α-smooth muscle (α-SMA)-positive cells in the lungs of COPD patients. ADAM15 immunostaining in macrophages, CD8+ T cells and bronchial (but not alveolar) epithelial cells was related inversely to FEV1 and FEV1/FVC, but not to pack-years of smoking history. ADAM15 staining levels in airway α-SMA-positive cells was directly related to FEV1/FVC. Over-expressing ADAM15 in THP-1 cells reduced their release of matrix metalloproteinases and CCL2.

Conclusions
These results link increased ADAM15 expression especially in lung leukocytes and bronchial epithelial cells to the pathogenesis of COPD.
Possible reversibility between epithelioid and sarcomatoid types of mesothelioma is independent of ERC/mesothelin expression
Authors: Kojima Masataka , Kajino Kazunori , Momose Shuji , Wali Nadila , Hlaing May Thinzar , Han Bo , Yue Liang , Abe Masaaki , Fujii Tomoaki , Ikeda Katsuhisa , Hino Okio 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Mesothelioma is histologically divided into three subgroups: epithelioid, sarcomatoid, and biphasic types. The epithelioid or sarcomatoid type is morphologically defined by polygonal or spindle-like forms of cells, respectively. The biphasic type consists of both components. It is not yet understood how histological differentiation of mesothelioma is regulated. ERC/mesothelin is expressed in most cases of the epithelioid type, but not in the sarcomatoid type of mesothelioma. Consequently, its expression is well correlated to the histological subtype. We hypothesized that ERC/mesothelin expression influences the histological differentiation of mesothelioma, and tested this hypothesis.

Methods
We performed studies using the overexpression or knockdown of ERC/mesothelin in mesothelioma cells to examine its effect on cellular morphology, growth kinetics, or migration/invasion activity, in vitro. We then transplanted ERC/mesothelin-overexpressing and control cells into the intraperitoneal space of mice. We examined the effect of ERC/mesothelin overexpression on mouse survival and tumor phenotype.

Results
In vitro cell culture manipulations of ERC/mesothelin expression did not affect cellular morphology or proliferation, although its overexpression enhanced cellular adhesion and the migration/invasion activity of mesothelioma cells. The survival rate of mice following intraperitoneal transplantation of ERC/mesothelin-overexpressing mesothelioma cells was significantly lower than that of mice with control cells. The histological evaluation of the tumors, however, did not show any morphological difference between two groups, and our hypothesis was not validated. Unexpectedly, both groups (ERC/mesothelin-overexpressing and control) of mesothelioma cells that were morphologically monophasic and spindle-like in vitro differentiated into a biphasic type consisting of polygonal and spindle-like components in the transplanted tumor, irrespective of ERC/mesothelin expression.

Conclusions
These results suggested that the histological transition of mesothelioma between epithelioid and sarcomatoid types may be reversible and regulated not by ERC/mesothelin, but by other unknown mechanisms.
Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 diversity in Ghana
Authors: Addai-Mensah Otchere , Dinko Bismarck , Noagbe Mark , Ameke Selassie Louis , Annani-Akollor Max Efui , Owiredu Eddie-Williams , Mensah Kofi , Tackie Richmond , Togbe Eliezer , Agyare-Kwabi Comfort , Gyasi Charles , Adu-Gyamfi Constance , Debrah Alexander Yaw 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
In the absence of microscopy, Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich proteins 2 (PfHRP2)-based rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are recommended for the diagnosis of falciparum malaria, particularly in endemic regions. However, genetic variability of the pfhrp2 gene threatens the usefulness of the test due to its impact on RDT sensitivity. This study aimed to investigate the diversity of pfhrp2 in malaria cases among children in Ghana.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Adidome Government Hospital in the Volta Region of Ghana. A total of 50 children with mean age of 6.6 ± 3.5 years and diagnosed falciparum malaria were included. Blood samples were collected for complete blood count, malaria parasite identification and counting using auto analyzer and microscopy, respectively. DNA was isolated from blood-spotted Whatman filters, amplified and sequenced. Nucleotide sequences were translated in silico to corresponding amino acids and the deduced amino acids sequences were analyzed for diversity using Mega X.

Results
The number of repeats and number of each repeat within PfHRP2 varied between isolates. Twelve rare PfHRP2 repeat types, two of which are previously unreported, were identified in this study. The HRP2 sequence obtained in this study shared high similarities with isolates from Kenya. Using Baker’s regression model, Group B was the highest occurring type (58.0%). Screening of all sequences for epitopes recognized by PfHRP2-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), the predominant motif was AHHAADAHH, which is recognized by the C1-13 mAbs.

Conclusion
This study reports diversity of P. falciparum HRP2 in samples from Ghanaian children with symptomatic malaria. The findings of this study highlight the existence of extra amino acid repeat types which adds to the PfHRP2 antigenic variability.
Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Guo Tiantian , Zhang Denghong , Zeng Yuzhe , Huang Timothy Y. , Xu Huaxi , Zhao Yingjun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder seen in age-dependent dementia. There is currently no effective treatment for AD, which may be attributed in part to lack of a clear underlying mechanism. Studies within the last few decades provide growing evidence for a central role of amyloid β (Aβ) and tau, as well as glial contributions to various molecular and cellular pathways in AD pathogenesis. Herein, we review recent progress with respect to Aβ- and tau-associated mechanisms, and discuss glial dysfunction in AD with emphasis on neuronal and glial receptors that mediate Aβ-induced toxicity. We also discuss other critical factors that may affect AD pathogenesis, including genetics, aging, variables related to environment, lifestyle habits, and describe the potential role of apolipoprotein E (APOE), viral and bacterial infection, sleep, and microbiota. Although we have gained much towards understanding various aspects underlying this devastating neurodegenerative disorder, greater commitment towards research in molecular mechanism, diagnostics and treatment will be needed in future AD research.