bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of pre‐season high flows, climate, and the Three Gorges Dam on low flow at the Three Gorges Region, China
Authors: Su Zhenkuan , Sun Xun , Devineni Naresh , Lall Upmanu , Hao Zhenchun , Chen Xi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe efficient operation of a multipurpose reservoir requires information on high and low flows. However, analyses of inflows for high flows and for low flows are typically done independently. In this paper, we considered the joint dependence of the low flow on the preceding high flow volume and duration for the wet season in the Three Gorges region of the Yangtze River Basin in China. High flow volume and duration were found to have a strong association with the annual minimum 7‐day flow in Cuntan, Wanxian, and Yichang stations. Furthermore, we identified the Arctic Oscillation, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, and snow cover in the Tibetan Plateau to have statistically significant teleconnections with the annual minimum 7‐day flow. Bayesian models that consider a different level of pooling of the site by site regressions were then developed for the annual minimum 7‐day flow conditional on the climate indices and high flow volume (or duration). The full pooling model performed best, suggesting that a homogeneous regional response is best identified given the global climate predictors. Statistics such as the deviance information criterion and reduction of error, coefficient of efficiency, and coverage rate under cross validation indicate the good performance of the model. Snow cover in the western Tibetan Plateau and high flow volume were identified as the most influential factors of the annual minimum 7‐day flow through their impact on water storage in the basin. Recent simulations since June 2003, when the Three Gorges Dam operation started, were used to analyse the effect of dam operation on the annual minimum 7‐day flow. A comparison of observations and predictions during the post‐dam period demonstrated that the dam operation effectively modifies the annual minimum 7‐day flow period to have higher flows.
Trimethylamine N‐oxide promotes apoE−/− mice atherosclerosis by inducing vascular endothelial cell pyroptosis via the SDHB/ROS pathway
Authors: Wu Peng , Chen JinNa , Chen JiaoJiao , Tao Jun , Wu ShiYuan , Xu GaoSheng , Wang Zuo , Wei DangHeng , Yin WeiDong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTrimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO) is produced from the phosphatidylcholine metabolism of gut flora and acts as a risk factor of cardiovascular disease. However, the underlying mechanisms for its proatherogenic action remain unclear. This study aimed to observe the effect of TMAO on endothelial cell pyroptosis and explore the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that TMAO promoted the progression of atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E‐deficient (apoE−/−) mice fed a high‐fat diet. Pyroptosis and succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit B (SDHB) upregulation were detected in the vascular endothelial cells of apoE−/− mice and in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with TMAO. Overexpression of SDHB in HUVECs enhanced pyroptosis and impaired mitochondria and high reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Pyroptosis in the SDHB overexpression of endothelial cells was inhibited by the ROS scavenger NAC. In summary, TMAO promotes vascular endothelial cell pyroptosis via ROS induced through SDHB upregulation, thereby contributing to the progression of atherosclerotic lesions.
Contrast‐enhanced sonographic appearances of two primary hepatic epithelioid angiomyolipomas
Authors: Chai Victor , Fox Adrian , Chong Lynn , House Eloise , Sutherland Tom 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEpithelioid hepatic angiomyolipoma (Epi‐HAML) is a rare hepatic tumor frequently misdiagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Unlike conventional angiomyolipoma (AML), Epi‐HAML contains minimal amount of adipose tissue, which is a radiological distinguishing feature between AML and HCC. Two patients were referred for management of incidentally found hepatic lesions confirmed to be Epi‐HAML on post‐resection tissue analysis. CT and MRI findings were suggestive of HCC. Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound demonstrated intratumoral shunting, a feeding artery, and early draining hepatic vein. These findings should alert radiologists to the possibility of Epi‐HAML. Furthermore, these features may be better assessed by contrast‐enhanced ultrasound due to its superior dynamic temporal resolution.
The paraneuronal gill neuroendocrine system in ocellated puffer fish Leiodon cutcutia
Authors: Tripathi Sonal , Sengar Manvendra , Gopesh Anita 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPseudobranchial neurosecretory system (PSNS) is the third Neuroendocrine (NE) system found in the gill region of fishes in close association with pseudobranch/carotid labyrinth/carotid gland and can suitably be placed under the category of “Diffused NE system (DNES).” The cells belonging to this system fall under the category of “Paraneurons,” a concept proposed by Fujita and coworkers. It is found uniformly in all the catfish species and some other noncatfish group of teleosts as Atheriniformes, Channiformes, Perciformes, and Clupeiformes. The fishes, in which the PSNS is present, belong to different breathing habits. Most of these have the capacity to tolerate low O2 conditions. Leiodon cutcutia although not an air‐breathing fish, is known to retain air in its stomach for varied periods when threatened. In an attempt to verify the veracity of this system in a fish of another peculiar breathing habit, ocellated puffer fish L. cutcutia (order Tetradontiformes) was investigated. The histological observations undertaken on L. cutcutia revealed the presence of a well‐developed extrabranchial NE system. The findings are discussed in the light of the association of PSNS with chemosensory system and its evolution in fishes, especially in the view of the transition from aquatic to terrestrial life.
The changing relationship between the upper and lower Missouri River basins during drought
Authors: Woodhouse Connie A. , Wise Erika K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Missouri River basin is subject to extremes in both high and low flow, with damaging floods and droughts occurring over the instrumental period. Recent events of the 2000s are notable for rapid transitions from dry to wet conditions, and for the different timing of these conditions in the upper and lower basins. This study focuses on drought in the upper and lower Missouri River basins (defined as above and below the Missouri/Yellowstone River confluence), with particular attention to the climate and synoptic scale patterns during drought in the basin's two main source regions over the years 1912–2011. Six drought events were identified in the upper basin, ranging from 2 to 12 years, and eight events were identified in the lower basin, lasting from 2 to 16 years. Almost all upper and lower basin droughts overlapped in time, but only the 1930s drought occurred in both basins over the exact same years. Hydroclimate analyses show that the worst‐case scenario for basin‐wide drought conditions includes a dry winter in the upper basin and a dry spring/summer in the lower basin, accompanied by warm temperatures. The recent 2000s drought in the Missouri River basin displayed anomalous characteristics relative to past droughts, including warm temperatures across the entire basin, particularly in spring and summer, a weakened Great Plains Low Level Jet, and a lag in the upper basin recovery time. In the past, upper basin flows have compounded or ameliorated regional flooding or basin‐wide drought conditions, but a decreasing trend in the upper basin contribution to total Missouri River flow is evident and expected to continue, suggesting its role relative to the lower basin is changing.
Human‐biometeorological conditions during heat waves in Poland
Authors: Tomczyk Arkadiusz M. , Bednorz Ewa , Matzarakis Andreas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe primary objective of the paper was the description of human‐biometeorological conditions during heat waves in Poland in the years 1966–2018. The description is based on the human‐biometeorological index Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET). The research was based on data obtained from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management—National Research Institute for 30 stations in Poland. A heat wave was defined as a sequence of at least 3 days with a maximum daily air temperature of >30°C. The research revealed increasingly frequent occurrence of heat waves in the territory of Poland. The highest number of heat waves was recorded in the western and southern regions of the country, and the lowest in coastal stations. In a large majority of stations, the longest heat waves occurred at the turn of July and August 1994 and in the first half of August 2015. In the case of two longest heat waves, human‐biometeorological conditions were similar, although they were more strenuous during the heat wave in 1994. During that wave, considerably higher maximum PET values were recorded, but days with strong heat stress and extreme heat stress were also more frequent.
Cleaning Ability of Mixed Solutions of Sulfonated Fatty Acid Methyl Esters
Authors: Yavrukova Veronika I. , Shandurkov Dimitar N. , Marinova Krastanka G. , Kralchevsky Peter A. , Ung Yee W. , Petkov Jordan T. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHere, we present results from a systematic study on cleaning of oily deposits from solid surfaces (porcelain and stainless steel) by solutions of fatty acid sulfonated methyl esters (SME), sodium salts. The zwitterionic dodecyldimethylamine oxide (DDAO) has been used as a cosurfactant. As representatives of the vegetable and mineral oils, sunflower seed oil and light mineral oil have been used. The process of oil drop detachment from the solid substrates (roll‐up mechanism) has been monitored. In the case of porcelain, excellent cleaning of oil is achieved by mixed solutions of SME and DDAO. In the case of stainless steel, excellent cleaning (superior than that by linear alkylbenzene sulfonate and sodium lauryl ether sulfate) is provided by binary and ternary mixtures of SME, which may contain also DDAO. For the studied systems, the good cleaning correlates neither with the oil/water interfacial tension, nor with the surfactant chainlength and headgroup type. The data imply that governing factors might be the thickness and morphology of admicelle layers formed on the solid/water interface. The results indicate that the SME mixtures represent a promising system for formulations in house‐hold detergency, having in mind also other useful properties of SME, such as biodegradability, skin compatibility, and hard water tolerance.
Improved bone bonding of hydroxyapatite spacers with a high porosity in a quantitative computed tomography‐image pixel analysis: A prospective 1‐year comparative study of the consecutive cohort undergoing double‐door cervical laminoplasty
Authors: Takeoka Yoshiki , Yurube Takashi , Maeno Koichiro , Kanda Yutaro , Tsujimoto Ryu , Miyazaki Kunihiko , Kakiuchi Yuji , Miyazaki Shingo , Zhang Zhongying , Takada Toru , Nishida Kotaro , Doita Minoru , Kuroda Ryosuke , Kakutani Kenichiro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLaminoplasty using hydroxyapatite (HA) spacers is widely performed in patients with cervical myelopathy. However, spacer dislocation is a critical complication caused by bone absorption and inadequate bone conductivity, and can result in dural damage and restenosis. We thus designed a prospective cohort study to clarify the feasibility of increased porosity HA spacers for double‐door laminoplasty by analyzing computed tomography (CT) images. Forty‐seven patients underwent cervical laminoplasty. Two different types of CERATITE HA spacer were used, either high porosity (50%) or low porosity (35%). These HA spacers were placed in an alternating manner into the laminae in each patient. In total, 85 high‐porosity (50%) HA spacers and 84 low‐porosity (35%) HA spacers were implanted. At postoperative 2 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year, CT images were obtained. In both groups, the percentage of bone‐bonding boundary area of the HA spacer in contact with laminae and bone volume of the spinous process relative to the 2‐week value were calculated by a 3D and 2D CT‐image pixel analysis. The bone‐bonding ratio was significantly higher in high‐porosity (50%) than low‐porosity (35%) HA spacers at 3 months and thereafter (1 year, 69.3 ± 27.8% and 49.7 ± 32.9% respectively, P < .01). The bone volume in both groups significantly decreased with time (1 year, 73.2 ± 29.8% and 69.0 ± 30.4% respectively, P < .01), indicating bone absorption. This showed no significant difference between the HA spacers (P = .15) but was higher in high‐porosity (50%) than low‐porosity (35%) HA spacers throughout the study period. Meanwhile, spacer breakage was found in 4.7% of high‐porosity (50%) HA spacers and 1.2% of low‐porosity (35%) HA spacers (P = .37). In summary, high‐porosity (50%) HA spacers have the advantages of accelerated bone bonding and relatively decelerated bone absorption compared to low‐porosity (35%) HA spacers; however, possibly more frequent breakage of HA spacers with a high porosity (50%) requires careful, extended postoperative follow‐up.
Five‐ and 10‐Year Outcomes for Primary Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy: Failure Rate and Risk Factors
Authors: Cohen Oded , Amos Itai , Halperin Doron , Bavnik Yosef , Milstein Asher , Shoshani Yochai , Leiba Hana , Warman Meir 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionEndoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (eDCR) is the preferred approach for nasolacrimal duct obstruction, yet quality data on long‐term outcomes is lacking.Study DesignA retrospective study in a single, academic institution.ObjectiveTo assess the 5‐ and 10‐year success rates of eDCR, and its associated risks.Patients and MethodsAll eDCRs conducted at Kaplan Medical Center between the years 2002–2017 were included. For long‐term follow‐up analysis, two subgroups with a minimum of documented 5‐ and 10‐year follow‐up after surgery were defined. Surgical success was defined by both anatomical (observed patent lacrimal flow) and functional (symptomatic relief) success. Data was collected from the hospital's electronic medical records and was completed by phone interviews. Pre‐, intra‐, and postoperative variables were collected and stratified by multivariate analysis.ResultsAfter exclusions, 321, 168, and 65 patients were included for immediate, 5‐ and 10‐year outcome analysis, respectively. Overall success rates were 92.5%, 86.3%, and 80%, respectively. The anatomical success rates were 93.8%, 89.9%, and 86.1%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that older age (P < .001, P = .001) previous smoking (P = .043, P = .037), and postoperative complains of epiphora (even when a successful irrigation was observed, P < .001, P = .01) were all associated with eDCR failure 5 and 10 years following surgery. Male gender was also associated with eDCR failure (5 years, P = .045; 10 years, P = .063).ConclusionsDespite decreased rates over time, eDCR is beneficial for the majority of patients also at 10 years following surgery. Older age, smoking, postoperative epiphora, and male gender are related to long‐term failure and should be discussed with the patients before surgery.Level of Evidence3b Laryngoscope, 131:10–16, 2021
Evaluation and characterization of the predicted diguanylate cyclase‐encoding genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Bhasme Pramod , Wei Qing , Xu Anming , Naqvi Syed Tatheer Alam , Wang Di , Ma Luyan Z. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOpportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause acute and chronic infections in humans. It is notorious for its resistance to antibiotics due to the formation of biofilms. Cyclic‐di‐GMP is a bacterial second messenger that plays important roles during biofilm development. There are 40 genes in P. aeruginosa predicted to participate in c‐di‐GMP biosynthesis or degradation. It is time‐consuming for the functional characterization of these genes. Here, we cloned 16 genes from P. aeruginosa PAO1 that are predicted to encode diguanylate cyclases (DGCs, responsible for c‐di‐GMP biosynthesis) and constructed their corresponding in‐frame deletion mutants. We evaluated the methods to measure the intracellular c‐di‐GMP concentration by using deletion mutants and PAO1 strains containing a plasmid expressing one of the 16 genes, respectively. Functional outputs of all PAO1‐derived stains were also detected and evaluated, including biofilm formation, production of exopolysaccharide, swimming and swarming motilities. Our data showed that measuring the c‐di‐GMP level only characterized a few DGC by using either pCdrA::gfp as a reporter or LC/MS/MS. Functional output results indicated that overexpression of a DGC gave more pronounced phenotypes than the corresponding deletion mutant and suggested that the swimming motility assay could be a quick way to briefly estimate a predicted DGC for further studies. The overall evaluation suggested 15 out of 16 predicted DGCs were functional DGCs, wherein six were characterized to encode DGCs previously. Altogether, we have provided not only a cloning library of 16 DGC‐encoding genes and their corresponding in‐frame deletion mutants but also paved ways to briefly characterize a predicted DGC.
Design and analysis on a 0.1‐THz second harmonic low‐voltage, low‐current gyrotron with complex cavity
Authors: Gu Ling , Zhang Yanyan , Zhang Yujie , Liu Qiao , Niu Xinjian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article presents the design and analysis of a complex cavity that will be used in a 10 kW‐level 94 GHz second harmonic low‐current, low‐voltage gyrotron. The mode pair of TE+7.2/TE+7.3 is selected as the operating modes of the complex cavity. In cold‐cavity design, a throat is introduced in the complex cavity to increase the diffractive quality factor, which can make the gyrotron operate at low‐current and low‐voltage conditions. In hot‐cavity analysis, the beam‐wave interaction efficiency affected by different factors has been studied in detail. At the operating point with beam voltage of 32 kV and beam current of 1.5 A, the mode competition has been studied based on the analysis of starting current and a time‐dependent multifrequency code; the transverse velocity spread influence on the efficiency has also been investigated. The results indicate that the operating mode eventually dominates the mode selection, while the competing modes are all at noise level. Meanwhile, the interaction efficiency can keep more than 30% with maintaining the spread below 8%, and the output power can hold at 10 kW‐level when the spread is below 12%.
Classification of breast tumor models with a prototype microwave imaging system
Authors: Conceição Raquel C. , Medeiros Hugo , Godinho Daniela M. , O'Halloran Martin , Rodriguez‐Herrera Diego , Flores‐Tapia Daniel , Pistorius Stephen 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThe assessment of the size and shape of breast tumors is of utter importance to the correct diagnosis and staging of breast cancer. In this paper, we classify breast tumor models of varying sizes and shapes using signals collected with a monostatic ultra‐wideband radar microwave imaging prototype system with machine learning algorithms specifically tailored to the collected data.MethodsA database comprising 13 benign and 13 malignant tumor models with sizes between 13 and 40 mm was created using dielectrically representative tissue mimicking materials. These tumor models were placed inside two breast phantoms: a homogeneous breast phantom and a breast phantom with clusters of fibroglandular mimicking tissue, accounting for breast heterogeneity. The breast phantoms with tumors were imaged with a monostatic microwave imaging prototype system, over a 1–6 GHz frequency range. The classification of benign and malignant tumors embedded in the two breast phantoms was completed, and tumor classification was evaluated with Principal Component Analysis as a feature extraction method, and tuned Naïve Bayes (NB), decision trees (DT), and k‐nearest neighbours (kNN) as classifiers. We further study which antenna positions are better placed to classify tumors, discuss the feature extraction method and optimize classification algorithms, by tuning their hyperparameters, to improve sensitivity, specificity and the receiver operating characteristic curve, while ensuring maximum generalization and avoiding overfitting and data contamination. We also added a realistic synthetic skin response to the collected signals and examined its global effect on classification of benign vs malignant tumors.ResultsIn terms of global classification performance, kNN outperformed DT and NB machine learning classifiers, achieving a classification accuracy of 96.2% when classifying between benign and malignant tumor phantoms in a homogeneous breast phantom (both when the skin artifact is and is not considered).ConclusionsWe experimentally classified tumor models as benign or malignant with a microwave imaging system, and we showed a methodology that can potentially assess the shape of breast tumors, which will give further insight into the correct diagnosis and staging of breast cancer.
Gas‐phase 21Ne NMR studies and the nuclear magnetic dipole moment of neon‐21
Authors: Makulski Włodzimierz , Garbacz Piotr 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGas‐phase 21Ne nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were measured at the natural abundance of 21Ne isotope for samples consisting of pressurized neon up to 60 bar at room temperature and applying the magnetic field of the strength B0 = 11.7574 T. It showed that the nuclear magnetic resonance frequency is linearly dependent on the density of gaseous neon. The resonance frequency was extrapolated to the zero‐density point, and it permitted the determination of the 21Ne nuclear magnetic moment, μ(21Ne) = 0.6617774(10) μN. The present value of μ(21Ne) is not influenced by the bulk magnetic susceptibility of neon and interactions between neon atoms; therefore, it is more precise and reliable than the previous result obtained for μ(21Ne).
Efficient geometrical parametrization for finite‐volume‐based reduced order methods
Authors: Stabile Giovanni , Zancanaro Matteo , Rozza Gianluigi 
Published: February 2020

SummaryIn this work, we present an approach for the efficient treatment of parametrized geometries in the context of proper orthogonal decomposition (POD)‐Galerkin reduced order methods based on finite‐volume full order approximations. On the contrary to what is normally done in the framework of finite‐element reduced order methods, different geometries are not mapped to a common reference domain: the method relies on basis functions defined on an average deformed configuration and makes use of the discrete empirical interpolation method to handle together nonaffinity of the parametrization and nonlinearities. In the first numerical example, different mesh motion strategies, based on a Laplacian smoothing technique and on a radial basis function approach, are analyzed and compared on a heat transfer problem. Particular attention is devoted to the role of the nonorthogonal correction. In the second numerical example, the methodology is tested on a geometrically parametrized incompressible Navier‐Stokes problem. In this case, the reduced order model is constructed following the same segregated approach used at the full order level.