bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting uptake of ≥ 3 doses of Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine for malaria prevention in pregnancy in selected health facilities, Arusha region, Tanzania
Authors: Mchwampaka Witness Mkalukwatage , Tarimo Donath , Chacky Frank , Mohamed Ahmed , Kishimba Rogath , Samwel Angela 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Tanzania adopted the revised World Health Organization policy in 2013 recommending a minimum of ≥3 doses of Intermittent Preventive Treatment during pregnancy with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) to protect against malaria. A study in Tanzania in 2014 reported low (9%) uptake. We investigated health workers knowledge about IPTp-SP and factors that influenced uptake of > 3 doses of IPTp-SP among pregnant women.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study in 2017 among post-delivery women and health care workers from nine randomly-selected public health facilities in three Districts of Arusha Region. Probability proportional to size methodology was used to determine number of participants per facility. We used a structured questionnaire to collect socio-demographic and obstetric data, information on doses of SP received, and knowledge of SP for IPTp. Health care workers were interviewed about their knowledge for IPTp- SP and challenges encountered in its uptake and use.

Results
We interviewed 556 persons (median age 26 years, range 16–42 years) with the response rate of 99.3%. Of these, 484 (87.1%) had > 3 Antenatal Care (ANC) visits. A total of 402 (72.3%) were multigravida with 362 (65.1%) having given birth at least once. Of the 556 participants, 219 (39.4%) made their first ANC booking at < 17 weeks of pregnancy and 269 (48.4%) had received > 3 doses of SP-IPTp. Factors associated with uptake of > 3 doses of IPTp-SP included having secondary or higher education [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) =1.6, 95%CI 1.1–2.4], attending ≥4 ANC visits [AOR = 3.1, 95%CI 2.1–4.6], having first antenatal booking at < 17 weeks [AOR = 1.8, 95%CI 1.4–2.3], and adequate knowledge on IPTp-SP [AOR = 2.7, 95%CI 1.9–3.9]. Among 36 health care workers interviewed, 29(80.6%) had adequate knowledge about IPTp-SP. SP was available in seven (87.5%) of the visited health facilities and was administered under Direct Observed Therapy (DOT) in six (75%) facilities. Health care workers reported that stock outs of SP was a challenge.

Conclusions
Fewer than half of the women interviewed reported uptake of > 3 doses of IPTp-SP. That is below the Tanzania national target of 80%. Making > 4 ANC visits, having secondary or higher education, making an early first ANC visit and having adequate knowledge on IPTp-SP promoted uptake of > 3 doses. Further qualitative studies are needed to explore factors that might contribute to low uptake of SP.
Redefining chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy through symptom cluster analysis and patient-reported outcome data over time
Authors: Wang Mian , Cheng Hui Lin , Lopez Violeta , Sundar Raghav , Yorke Janelle , Molassiotis Alex 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is common among cancer patients treated with neurotoxic chemotherapy agents. Better knowledge on symptom clusters of CIPN may help improve symptom management in clinical practice. This study aimed to identify symptom clusters of CIPN and to map their trajectories before initiation of chemotherapy to 12-month follow-up.

Methods
A secondary analysis of a longitudinal dataset was conducted using principal component approach. The European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaires Core 30 and CIPN 20 were used to measure symptom clusters of CIPN in patients with mixed cancer diagnosis across 10 time points over 12 months.

Results
Sample size in each assessment point ranged from 118 to 343 participants. Four CIPN symptom clusters were identified, including a clear sensory neuropathy symptom cluster, a mixed motor-sensory neuropathy symptom cluster, a mixed sensorimotor neuropathy symptom cluster, and a less clear autonomic neuropathy symptom cluster. The core symptoms in each symptom cluster were mostly stable while the secondary symptoms changed over time.

Conclusions
The analysis suggests that CIPN is predominantly a sensory neuropathy with no evidence of a pure motor dysfunction but with mixed motor-related and autonomic changes accompanying sensory dysfunctions over time. Future symptom management strategies can be designed based on the morphology of CIPN.
Clinical analysis of a case of neonatal exfoliative esophagitis in an 18-day-old neonate
Authors: Yang Zu-Qin , Mai Jing-Yun , Zhu Min-Li , Xiao Xiu-Man , He Xiao-Xiao , Chen Shang-Qin , Lin Zhen-Lang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
This study aims to provide guidance for clinical work through analysis of the clinical characteristics, endoscopic and pathological manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of an 18-day-old neonate with exfoliative esophagitis.

Case presentation
The patient presented with vomiting but the parents did not pay too much attention. The pathological report revealed numerous fibrinous exudative necrotic, and inflammatory cells, as well as a small amount of squamous epithelium. Furthermore, milk allergy factors were considered. Conservative treatments, such as fasting, acid suppression, mucosal protection, parenteral nutrition, and the replacement of anti-allergic milk powder were given. Thereafter, endoscopic examination revealed that the patient returned to normal, and was discharged after 21 days.

Conclusions
Exfoliative esophagitis has multiple causes; and has characteristic clinical and endoscopic manifestations. Endoscopic examination after 18 days presentation and conservative therapy revealed that the esophagus had returned to a normal appearance and the patient was discharged. Following discharge, the parents were advised to feed the patient ALFERE powder. Attention should be given to the timely detection of complications and corresponding treatment.
Respiratory syncytial virus-associated mortality in a healthy 3-year-old child: a case report
Authors: Gavotto A. , Ousselin A. , Pidoux O. , Cathala P. , Costes-Martineau V. , Rivière B. , Pasquié J. L. , Amedro P. , Rambaud C. , Cambonie G. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequently identified pathogen in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection. Fatal cases have mainly been reported during the first 6 months of life or in the presence of comorbidity.

Case presentation
A 47-month-old girl was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit following sudden cardiopulmonary arrest occurring at home. The electrocardiogram showed cardiac asystole, which was refractory to prolonged resuscitation efforts. Postmortem analyses detected RSV by polymerase chain reaction in an abundant, exudative pericardial effusion. Histopathological examination was consistent with viral myoepicarditis, including an inflammatory process affecting cardiac nerves and ganglia. Molecular analysis of sudden unexplained death genes identified a heterozygous mutation in myosin light chain 2, which was also found in two other healthy members of the family. Additional expert interpretation of the cardiac histology confirmed the absence of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Conclusions
RSV-related sudden death in a normally developing child of this age is exceptional. This case highlights the risk of extrapulmonary manifestations associated with this infection, particularly arrhythmia induced by inflammatory phenomena affecting the cardiac autonomic nervous system. The role of the mutation in this context is uncertain, and it is therefore necessary to continue to assess how this pathogenic variant contributes to unexpected sudden death in childhood.
Save the children by treating their mothers (PriVileG-M-study) - study protocol: a sequentially randomized controlled trial of individualized psychotherapy and telemedicine to reduce mental stress in pregnant women and young mothers and to improve Child’s health
Authors: Bischoff M. , Howland V. , Klinger-König J. , Tomczyk S. , Schmidt S. , Zygmunt M. , Heckmann M. , van den Berg N. , Bethke B. , Corleis J. , Günther S. , Liutkus K. , Stentzel U. , Neumann A. , Penndorf P. , Ludwig T. , Hammer E. , Winter T. , Grabe H. J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
As early as pregnancy, maternal mental stress impinges on the child’s development and health. Thus, this may cause enhanced risk for premature birth, lowered fetal growth, and lower fetal birth weight as well as enhanced levels of the stress hormone cortisol and lowered levels of the bonding hormone oxytocin. Maternal stress further reduces maternal sensitivity for the child’s needs which impairs the mother-child-interaction and bonding. Therefore, prevention and intervention studies on mental stress are necessary, beginning prenatally and applying rigorous research methodology, such as randomized controlled trials, to ensure high validity.

Methods
A randomized controlled trial is used to assess the impact of psychotherapy and telemedicine on maternal mental stress and the child’s mental and physical health. Mentally stressed pregnant women are randomized to an intervention (IG) and a not intervened control group. The IG receives an individualized psychotherapy starting prenatal and lasting for 10 months. Afterwards, a second randomization is used to investigate whether the use of telemedicine can stabilize the therapeutic effects. Using ecological momentary assessments and video recordings, the transfer into daily life, maternal sensitivity and mother-child-bonding are assessed. Psycho-biologically, the synchronicity of cortisol and oxytocin levels between mother and child are assessed as well as the peptidome of the colostrum and breast milk, which are assumed to be essential for the adaptation to the extra-uterine environment. All assessments are compared to an additional control group of healthy women. Finally, the results of the study will lead to the development of a qualification measure for health professionals to detect mental stress, to treat it with low-level interventions and to refer those women with high stress levels to mental health professionals.

Discussion
The study aims to prevent the transgenerational transfer of psychiatric and somatic disorders from the mother to her child. The effects of the psychotherapy will be stabilized through telemedicine and long-term impacts on the child’s and mothers’ mental health are enhanced. The combination of psychotherapy, telemedicine and methodologies of ecological momentary assessment, video recording and bio banking are new in content-related and methodological manner.

Trial registration
German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00017065. Registered 02 May 2019. World Health Organization, Universal Trial Number: U1111–1230-9826. Registered 01 April 2019.
The association between involuntary subordination and common mental disorders among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Shanghai, China
Authors: Zhang Shuxian , Wang Suping , Wang Zezhou , Wang Ying , Jiang Xueqin , Xu Gang , Cai Yong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundInvoluntary subordination is a mechanism that switches off fighting behaviors when a losing organism is unable to continue in a struggle. The study aim was to investigate the association between involuntary subordination and the common mental disorders of anxiety and depression among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Shanghai, China.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted of 547 MSM in four Shanghai districts. Sociodemographic and psychosocial participant data were collected. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between anxiety, depression, and involuntary subordination.Results12.2 and 30.9% Of the MSM demonstrated high levels of anxiety and depression respectively. Univariate analysis showed that involuntary subordination and the involuntary subordination constructs of defeat, social comparison, submissive behavior, and entrapment were associated with anxiety and depression. Multivariate analysis indicated that defeat (ORm = 1.091, 95%CI = 1.004–1.185) and entrapment (ORm = 1.174, 95%CI = 1.079–1.278) were significantly associated with anxiety. Defeat (ORm = 1.265, 95% CI = 1.166–1.372), social comparison (ORm = 1.119, 95%CI = 1.061–1.181), entrapment (ORm = 1.132, 95%CI = 1.047–1.224), and submissive behavior (ORm = 0.897, 95%CI = 0.825–0.975) were significantly associated with depression.ConclusionsThe findings confirmed an association between anxiety, depression, and involuntary subordination among MSM. These findings could form the basis of a new, integrated, and holistic approach to the identification of high-risk groups and the development of interventions for anxiety and depression among MSM.
An early implementation assessment of Ontario’s Healthy Kids Community Challenge: results from a survey of key stakeholders
Authors: Vine Michelle M. , Jarvis Jocelyn W. , Chong Eunice , Laxer Rachel E. , Ladak Adam , Manson Heather 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
In Ontario Canada, the Healthy Kids Community Challenge (HKCC) is a program intended to reduce the prevalence and prevent childhood overweight and obesity through community-based initiatives to improve health behaviours. Guided by the RE-AIM framework and Durlak and DuPre’s Ecological Framework for Understanding Effective Implementation, the evaluation focused on two objectives: 1) to describe the organization of the program at the community level; and, 2) to identify opportunities for improvement through an early assessment of factors contributing to implementation.

Methods
Participants (n = 320) – members of the HKCC local steering committee, including the local project manager – completed a cross-sectional survey using SurveyMonkey and descriptive statistics were calculated. A sample (20%) of qualitative open-ended responses was thematically analyzed.

Results
Results indicated strong respondent agreement that the HKCC enhanced individual knowledge of access to health-promoting programs (88.3%) and messaging regarding healthy behaviours for healthy kids, with less for its effectiveness in reducing weight (53.1%). There was a high-level of adherence to HKCC social marketing messages and overall program structure, with few Local Project Manager reports of adaptations to theme one (9.2%) and theme two messages (15.4%). Fewer Local Project Managers (50%) reported the existence of private partnerships. While most respondents agreed they had the appropriate information to complete mandatory reporting, the usefulness of the HKCC online networking platform was in question (only 47% of Local Project Managers agreed that it was useful). Results reveal sufficient funding from the province to support program implementation, with a moderate level of local political commitment (63% of respondents).

Conclusions
Results indicate that the HKCC was considered beneficial for enhancing access to health promoting programs, could be feasibly implemented with adherence to centrally-developed social marketing messages, and was amendable to local adaptation. Despite this, few private partnerships were reported. Going forward, there is opportunity to further evaluate factors contributing to HKCC program implementation, particularly as it relates to buy-in from intervention providers, and strategies for forming private sector partnerships to support long-term program sustainability.
Developing a critical realist informed framework to explain how the human rights and social determinants of health relationship works
Authors: Haigh Fiona , Kemp Lynn , Bazeley Patricia , Haigh Neil 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThat there is a relationship between human rights and health is well established and frequently discussed. However, actions intended to take account of the relationship between human rights and social determinants of health have often been limited by lack of clarity and ambiguity concerning how these rights and determinants may interact and affect each other. It is difficult to know what to do when you do not understand how things work. As our own understanding of this consideration is founded on perspectives provided by the critical realist paradigm, we present an account of and commentary on our application of these perspectives in an investigation of this relationship.FindingsWe define the concept of paradigm and review critical realism and related implications for construction of knowledge concerning this relationship. Those implications include the need to theorise possible entities involved in the relationship together with their distinctive properties and consequential power to affect one another through exercise of their respective mechanisms (ways of working). This theorising work enabled us identify a complex, multi-layered assembly of entities involved in the relationship and some of the array of causal mechanisms that may be in play. These are presented in a summary framework.ConclusionResearchers’ views about the nature of knowledge and its construction inevitably influence their research aims, approaches and outcomes. We demonstrate that by attending to these views, which are founded in their paradigm positioning, researchers can make more progress in understanding the relationship between human rights and the social determinants of health, in particular when engaged in theorizing work. The same approaches could be drawn on when other significant relationships in health environments are investigated.
Effects of psychosocial interventions on children affected by parental HIV/AIDS: a meta-analysis on depression and anxiety
Authors: Chi Peilian , Zhao Shan , Zhang Chen , Li Xiaoming , Guo Yan , Lin Xiuyun , Du Hongfei 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Children orphaned by parental AIDS or those of parents with HIV infection demonstrate many negative mental health outcomes. Different types of psychosocial interventions have been conducted to improve the psychological well-being of these children. The efficacy of these psychosocial interventions has been reviewed and synthesized recently (Skeena et al., Vulnerable Child Youth Stud 12:91-116, 2017), but not quantified.

Method
This study therefore adopted meta-analytic approach to quantify the efficacy of the existing psychosocial interventions on depressive and anxiety symptoms in children affected by parental HIV/AIDS. Eight intervention studies—four randomized controlled trials (RCT) and four pre–post intervention trials—were included.

Result
In general, psychosocial interventions could effectively reduce anxiety or depressive symptoms in children of parents with HIV/AIDS. The overall intervention effect size (Cohen’s d) was 1.298 and 1.100 for depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Publication bias and exploratory moderating effects of study design (RCT vs. pre–post intervention trials), study location, and intervention levels were also analyzed.

Conclusion
Future studies reporting the detailed outcome data, which could be used for research integration, are warranted. Further research should also focus on the implementation of evidence-based interventions sensitive to the target population in a developmentally appropriate manner.
Cognitive function and cardiometabolic disease risk factors in rural South Africa: baseline evidence from the HAALSI study
Authors: Houle Brian , Gaziano Thomas , Farrell Meagan , Gómez-Olivé F. Xavier , Kobayashi Lindsay C. , Crowther Nigel J. , Wade Alisha N. , Montana Livia , Wagner Ryan G. , Berkman Lisa , Tollman Stephen M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Evidence on cognitive function in older South Africans is limited, with few population-based studies. We aimed to estimate baseline associations between cognitive function and cardiometabolic disease risk factors in rural South Africa.

Methods
We use baseline data from “Health and Aging in Africa: A Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community in South Africa” (HAALSI), a population-based study of adults aged 40 and above in rural South Africa in 2015. Cognitive function was measured using measures of time orientation, immediate and delayed recall, and numeracy adapted from the Health and Retirement Study cognitive battery (overall total cognitive score range 0–26). We used multiple linear regression to estimate associations between cardiometabolic risk factors (including BMI, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, history of stroke, alcohol frequency, and smoking status) and the overall cognitive function score, adjusted for potential confounders.

Results
In multivariable-adjusted analyses (n = 3018; male = 1520; female = 1498; median age 59 (interquartile range 50–67)), cardiometabolic risk factors associated with lower cognitive function scores included: diabetes (b = − 1.11 [95% confidence interval: − 2.01, − 0.20] for controlled diabetes vs. no diabetes); underweight BMI (b = − 0.87 [CI: − 1.48, − 0.26] vs. normal BMI); and current and past smoking history compared to never smokers. Factors associated with higher cognitive function scores included: obese BMI (b = 0.74 [CI: 0.39, 1.10] vs. normal BMI); and controlled hypertension (b = 0.53 [CI: 0.11, 0.96] vs. normotensive).

Conclusions
We provide an important baseline from rural South Africa on the associations between cardiometabolic disease risk factors and cognitive function in an older, rural South African population using standardized clinical measurements and cut-offs and widely used cognitive assessments. Future studies are needed to clarify temporal associations as well as patterns between the onset and duration of cardiometabolic conditions and cognitive function. As the South African population ages, effective management of cardiometabolic risk factors may be key to lasting cognitive health.
The Work Stress Questionnaire (WSQ) – reliability and face validity among male workers
Authors: Frantz Anna , Holmgren Kristina 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
The Work Stress Questionnaire (WSQ) was developed as a self-administered questionnaire with the purpose of early identification of individuals at risk of being sick-listed due to work-related stress. It has previously been tested for reliability and face validity among women with satisfying results. The aim of the study was to test reliability and face validity of the Work Stress Questionnaire (WSQ) among male workers.

Method
For testing reliability, a test-retest study was performed where 41 male workers filled out the questionnaire on two occasions at 2 weeks intervals. For evaluating face validity, seven male workers filled out the questionnaire and gave their opinions on the questions, scale steps and how the items corresponded to their perception of stress at work.

Results
The WSQ was, for all but one item, found to be stable over time. The item Supervisor considers one’s views showed a systematic disagreement, i.e. there was a change common to the group for this item. Face validity was confirmed by the male pilot group.

Conclusion
Reliability and face validity of the WSQ was found to be satisfying when used on a male population. This indicates that the questionnaire can be used also for a male target group.