bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From community of practice to epistemic community – law, discipline and security in the battle for the legalisation of medical cannabis in Poland
Authors: Wagner Aleksandra , Polak Paulina , Świątkiewicz‐Mośny Maria 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough public debates on cannabis are ongoing in many countries, there are currently no EU‐wide rules for either medical or recreational use of cannabis. Numerous studies have illustrated that creating such rules is a complex challenge. The battle over the legalisation of medical use of cannabis in Poland is a good example for analysing the mutual impact of the social practices that various actors perform through and by the discourses in the field of health care: how they discursively create their own roles and take positions and how they shape the coalitions and opposition in trying to achieve their strategic goals. This article aims to reconstruct and explain how different types of knowledge are discursively used to sustain or question power relations in the healthcare field. The dispersed knowledge‐power influences social actors, who try to define or redefine social practices and aspire to guide them in the healthcare field. The presented approach allows authors to go beyond the social actors’ perception vs institutional regulations and to analyse discursive actions as elements of the complex networks of meanings activating various type of resources. Those dynamic networks, involving the different (and sometimes the same) actors in the different actions, open the new fields of rationality. Starting by identifying the crucial actors and their discursive actions visible in the mainstream press discourse, we will reconstruct three types of groups related to medical cannabis. We will then investigate three types of dispositives – law, discipline and security – to investigate the relations between discursive and non‐discursive elements. The proposed analysis belongs to the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) paradigm and includes investigation of the media discourses and in‐depth interviews with the identified actors.
Having a say or getting your way? Political choice and satisfaction with democracy
Authors: HOBOLT SARA B. , HOERNER JULIAN M. , RODON TONI 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCitizen satisfaction with democracy is greater when parties offer choices that are congruent with voter preferences. But are citizens content with simply having a party that represents their views or does their satisfaction depend on whether that party can also be instrumental in implementing policies? We argue that instrumentality moderates the effect of ideological congruence on democratic satisfaction. Combining an analysis of cross‐national survey data with an experimental conjoint design, we find that citizens able to vote for a congruent party with a chance of entering government are more satisfied with democracy, whereas congruence without instrumentality has no such effect.
Efficacy and safety of a novel submucosal injection solution for endoscopic resection in porcine models
Authors: Chen Chen , Liu Xiao Yu , Cheng Cui E , Xiong Yu Jia , Sun Yi Bin , Tan Chen Huan , Liu Yi Ting , Feng Ji , Ma Yi Fan , Shi Dong Tao , Li Rui 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveA submucosal injection is usually required to improve the efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). This study aimed to evaluate the performance of 3.3% sodium carboxymethyl starch (Na‐CMS) solution, a novel submucosal injection solution, for ESD and EMR.MethodsNa‐CMS, normal saline (NS) and two commercially available agents (sigMAVisc and Eleview) were injected into the esophageal submucosa of randomly grouped pigs. The level of submucosal elevation was examined. Subsequently, ESD or EMR procedures using 3.3% Na‐CMS or NS as submucosal injections were performed in the gastrointestinal tract of the pigs.ResultsSubmucosal elevation was significantly higher and more sustained in the 3.3% Na‐CMS group than in the controls (P < 0.05). The volume required for ESD or EMR was significantly lower in the 3.3% Na‐CMS group than in the NS group (ESD: 12.21 ± 4.09 mL vs 28.25 ± 8.02 mL, P < 0.001; EMR: 3.99 ± 1.98 mL vs 7.15 ± 3.67 mL, P = 0.001). The ESD resection time was significantly shorter in the 3.3% Na‐CMS group than in the NS group (16.58 ± 7.30 min vs 25.29 ± 11.89 min, P = 0.004). Hemorrhage after ESD in the 3.3% Na‐CMS group was less severe than that in the NS group (P = 0.006).Conclusion3.3% Na‐CMS is an effective, safe and low‐cost submucosal injection solution and holds promise as preferable agent for submucosal injection in ESD and EMR procedures.
Clinical implication of minimal presence of solid or micropapillary subtype in early‐stage lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Choi Sun Ha , Jeong Ji Yun , Lee Shin Yup , Shin Kyung Min , Jeong Shin Young , Park Tae‐In , Do Young Woo , Lee Eung Bae , Seok Yangki , Lee Won Kee , Park Ji Eun , Park Sunji , Lee Yong Hoon , Seo Hyewon , Yoo Seung Soo , Lee Jaehee , Cha Seung‐Ick , Kim Chang Ho , Park Jae Yong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated the clinical features and surgical outcomes of lung adenocarcinoma with minimal solid or micropapillary (S/MP) components, with a focus on stage IA.MethodsWe enrolled 506 patients with lung adenocarcinoma who underwent curative resection in this study. Clinical features and surgical outcomes were compared between the groups with and without the S/MP subtype (S/MP+ and S/MP−, respectively), and between the group with an S/MP proportion of ≤5% (S/MP5) and the S/MP−.ResultsThe S/MP subtype was present in 247 patients (48.8%); 129 (25.5%) were grouped as the S/MP5 group. The S/MP+ and S/MP5 groups had larger tumors, higher frequency of lymph node metastasis, and more advanced stages of disease than the S/MP− group (P < 0.001, all comparisons). Pleural, lymphatic, and vascular invasions occurred more frequently in the S/MP+ and S/MP5 groups (P < 0.001, all comparisons for S/MP+ vs. S/MP−; P ≤ 0.01, all comparisons for S/MP5 vs. S/MP−). The S/MP+ and S/MP5 groups showed a shorter time to recurrence and cancer‐related death than the S/MP− group(P < 0.001, both comparisons). For stage I, the presence or absence of the S/MP subtype defined prognostic subgroups better than the stage IA/IB classification. Notably, in the multivariate analysis, the minimal S/MP component was a significant predictor of recurrence, even in stage IA.ConclusionsThe presence of the minimal S/MP component was a significant predictor of poor prognosis after surgery, even in stage IA patients. Clinical trials to evaluate the advantages of adjuvant chemotherapy for this subset of patients and further investigations to understand underlying biological mechanisms of poor prognosis are needed.Key pointsSignificant findings of the study: We demonstrated that only minimal presence of solid or micropapillary component was profoundly associated with aggressive clinicopathological features and poor prognosis after complete resection even in stage IA lung adenocarcinoma. What this study adds: Our results suggest that minimal presence of these subtypes is a strong prognostic factor which should be taken into account in the risk assessment for adjuvant chemotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma.
An assessment of the treatment information contained within the websites of direct‐to‐consumer orthodontic aligner providers
Authors: Meade MJ , Dreyer CW 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe use of direct‐to‐consumer (DTC) orthodontic aligners is growing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of information contained within the websites of DTC orthodontic aligner providers.MethodsWebsites that satisfied inclusion criteria were assessed for the presence of specific treatment‐related features. Four validated quality of information instruments and readability tools were used to evaluate the content of the websites. Descriptive statistical analyses and intra‐examiner reliability tests were performed.ResultsTwenty‐one websites were evaluated. Few websites referred to the need for pre‐treatment dental health (38.1%) and indefinite post‐treatment retention (23.8%). Most websites (95.2%) were categorized as either ‘poor’ or ‘very poor’ according to their DISCERN scores. DISCERN items regarding information bias and treatment risks scored particularly poorly. Cohen’s kappa intra‐examiner reliability testing for DISCERN scores was 0.81–0.89. Three websites honoured two out of the four Journal of the American Medical Association benchmarks and 18 honoured one benchmark only. The readability scores indicated ‘difficult to read’ content.ConclusionsThe quality of information contained within the websites of DTC orthodontic aligner providers is poor. Patient consent for DTC aligner treatment based solely on the information contained within the websites is likely to be invalid.
Neutrophil injury and function alterations induced by high mechanical shear stress with short exposure time
Authors: Sun Wenji , Wang Shigang , Zhang Jiafeng , Arias Katherin , Griffith Bartley P. , Wu Zhongjun J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHigh mechanical shear stresses (HMSS) can cause damage to blood, which manifests as morphologic changes, shortened life span, biochemical alterations, and complete rupture of blood cells and proteins, leading to the alterations of normal blood function. The aim of this study is to determine the state of neutrophil activation and function alterations caused by HMSS with short exposure time relevant to ventricular assist devices. Blood from healthy donors was exposed to three levels of HMSS (75Pa, 125Pa, and 175Pa) for a short exposure time (0.5 s) using our Couette‐type blood‐shearing device. Neutrophil activation (Mac‐1, platelet‐neutrophil aggregates) and surface expression levels of two key functional receptors (CD62L and CD162) on neutrophils were evaluated by flow cytometry. Neutrophil phagocytosis and transmigration were also examined with functional assays. Results showed that the expression of Mac‐1 on neutrophils and platelet‐neutrophil aggregates increased significantly while the level of CD62L expression on neutrophils decreased significantly after the exposure to HMSS. The Mac‐1 expression progressively increased while the CD62L expression progressively decreased with the increased level of HMSS. The level of CD162 expression on neutrophils slightly increased after the exposure to HMSS, but the increase was not significant. The phagocytosis assay data revealed that the ability of neutrophils to phagocytose latex beads coated with fluorescently labeled rabbit IgG increased significantly with the increased level of HMSS. The transmigration ability of neutrophils slightly increased after the exposure to HMSS, but did not reach a significant level. In summary, HMSS with a short exposure time of 0.5 seconds could induce neutrophil activation, platelet‐neutrophil aggregation, shedding of CD62L receptor, and increased phagocytic ability. However, the exposure to the three levels of HMSS did not cause a significant change in neutrophil transmigration capacity and shedding of CD162 receptor on neutrophils.
RNA‐binding motif protein 39 (RBM39): An emerging cancer target
Authors: Xu Yuewei , Nijhuis Anke , Keun Hector C. 
Published: November 2020

RNA‐binding motif protein 39 (RBM39) is an RNA‐binding protein involved in transcriptional co‐regulation and alternative RNA splicing. Recent studies have revealed that RBM39 is the unexpected target of aryl sulphonamides, which act as molecular glues between RBM39 and the DCAF15‐associated E3 ubiquitin ligase complex leading to selective degradation of the target. Loss of RBM39 leads to aberrant splicing events and differential gene expression, thereby inhibiting cell cycle progression and causing tumour regression in a number of preclinical models. Many clinical studies have shown that aryl sulphonamides were well tolerated, but their clinical performance was limited due to an insufficient understanding of the target, RBM39 biology and a lack of predictive biomarkers. This review summarises the current knowledge of RBM39 function and discusses the therapeutic potential of this spliceosome target in cancer therapy.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on New avenues in cancer prevention and treatment (BJP 75th Anniversary). To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.12/issuetoc
A rapid review of the impact of quarantine and restricted environments on children's play and the role of play in children's health
Authors: Graber Kelsey M. , Byrne Elizabeth M. , Goodacre Emily J. , Kirby Natalie , Kulkarni Krishna , O'Farrelly Christine , Ramchandani Paul G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAmidst the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, there is uncertainty regarding potential lasting impacts on children's health and educational outcomes. Play, a fundamental part of childhood, may be integral to children's health during crises. We undertook a rapid review of the impact of quarantine, isolation and other restrictive environments on play and whether play mitigates adverse effects of such restrictions. Fifteen peer‐reviewed studies were identified, spanning hospitals, juvenile and immigration detention and refugee camps. We found evidence of changes in children's access to play in crises and quarantine. These studies indicated how play might support children enduring isolation but lacked robust investigations of play as an intervention in mitigating impacts of restriction. Studies pertaining to children in isolation due to infectious disease outbreaks were notably absent. It is important that the potential effects of changes to such a crucial aspect of childhood are better understood to support children in this and future crises.
Primal/Dual Descent Methods for Dynamics
Authors: Macklin M. , Erleben K. , Müller M. , Chentanez N. , Jeschke S. , Kim T.Y. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe examine the relationship between primal, or force‐based, and dual, or constraint‐based formulations of dynamics. Variational frameworks such as Projective Dynamics have proved popular for deformable simulation, however they have not been adopted for contact‐rich scenarios such as rigid body simulation. We propose a new preconditioned frictional contact solver that is compatible with existing primal optimization methods, and competitive with complementarity‐based approaches. Our relaxed primal model generates improved contact force distributions when compared to dual methods, and has the advantage of being differentiable, making it well‐suited for trajectory optimization. We derive both primal and dual methods from a common variational point of view, and present a comprehensive numerical analysis of both methods with respect to conditioning. We demonstrate our method on scenarios including rigid body contact, deformable simulation, and robotic manipulation.
Distant Collision Response in Rigid Body Simulations
Authors: Coevoet E. , Andrews S. , Relles D. , Kry P.G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe use a finite element model to predict the vibration response of objects in a rigid body simulation, such that rigid objects are augmented to provide a plausible elastic collision response between distant objects due to vibration. We start with a generalized eigenvalue decomposition of the elastic model to precompute a response to an impact at any point on an elastic object with fixed boundary conditions. Then, given a collision between objects, we generate an approximate response impulse to distribute to other objects already in contact with the colliding bodies. This can lead to distant impacts causing an object to slip, or a delicate stack of objects to fall. We also use a geodesic distance based spatial attenuation approximation for travelling waves in objects to respond to an impact at one contact with an impulse at other locations. This response ultimately allows a long distance relationship between contacts, both across a single object being struck, but also traversing the contact graph of a larger collection of objects. We qualitatively validate our approach with a ground truth simulation, and demonstrate a number of scenarios where a long distance relationship between contacts is valuable.
Cloth and Skin Deformation with a Triangle Mesh Based Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Chentanez Nuttapong , Macklin Miles , Müller Matthias , Jeschke Stefan , Kim Tae‐Yong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe introduce a triangle mesh based convolutional neural network. The proposed network structure can be used for problems where input and/or output are defined on a manifold triangle mesh with or without boundary. We demonstrate its applications in cloth upsampling, adding back details to Principal Component Analysis (PCA) compressed cloth, regressing clothing deformation from character poses, and regressing hand skin deformation from bones' joint angles. The data used for training in this work are generated from high resolution extended position based dynamics (XPBD) physics simulations with small time steps and high iteration counts and from an offline FEM simulator, but it can come from other sources. The inference time of our prototype implementation, depending on the mesh resolution and the network size, can provide between 4 to 134 times faster than a GPU based simulator. The inference also only needs to be done for meshes currently visible by the camera.
Statistics‐based Motion Synthesis for Social Conversations
Authors: Yang Yanzhe , Yang Jimei , Hodgins Jessica 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPlausible conversations among characters are required to generate the ambiance of social settings such as a restaurant, hotel lobby, or cocktail party. In this paper, we propose a motion synthesis technique that can rapidly generate animated motion for characters engaged in two‐party conversations. Our system synthesizes gestures and other body motions for dyadic conversations that synchronize with novel input audio clips. Human conversations feature many different forms of coordination and synchronization. For example, speakers use hand gestures to emphasize important points, and listeners often nod in agreement or acknowledgment. To achieve the desired degree of realism, our method first constructs a motion graph that preserves the statistics of a database of recorded conversations performed by a pair of actors. This graph is then used to search for a motion sequence that respects three forms of audio‐motion coordination in human conversations: coordination to phonemic clause, listener response, and partner's hesitation pause. We assess the quality of the generated animations through a user study that compares them to the originally recorded motion and evaluate the effects of each type of audio‐motion coordination via ablation studies.
Interpretability in healthcare: A comparative study of local machine learning interpretability techniques
Authors: ElShawi Radwa , Sherif Youssef , Al‐Mallah Mouaz , Sakr Sherif 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough complex machine learning models (eg, random forest, neural networks) are commonly outperforming the traditional and simple interpretable models (eg, linear regression, decision tree), in the healthcare domain, clinicians find it hard to understand and trust these complex models due to the lack of intuition and explanation of their predictions. With the new general data protection regulation (GDPR), the importance for plausibility and verifiability of the predictions made by machine learning models has become essential. Hence, interpretability techniques for machine learning models are an area focus of research. In general, the main aim of these interpretability techniques is to shed light and provide insights into the prediction process of the machine learning models and to be able to explain how the results from the prediction was generated. A major problem in this context is that both the quality of the interpretability techniques and trust of the machine learning model predictions are challenging to measure. In this article, we propose four fundamental quantitative measures for assessing the quality of interpretability techniques—similarity, bias detection, execution time, and trust. We present a comprehensive experimental evaluation of six recent and popular local model agnostic interpretability techniques, namely, LIME, SHAP, Anchors, LORE, ILIME“ and MAPLE on different types of real‐world healthcare data. Building on previous work, our experimental evaluation covers different aspects for its comparison including identity, stability, separability, similarity, execution time, bias detection, and trust. The results of our experiments show that MAPLE achieves the highest performance for the identity across all data sets included in this study, while LIME achieves the lowest performance for the identity metric. LIME achieves the highest performance for the separability metric across all data sets. On average, SHAP has the smallest average time to output explanation across all data sets included in this study. For detecting the bias, SHAP and MAPLE enable the participants to better detect the bias. For the trust metric, Anchors achieves the highest performance on all data sets included in this work.
PCSK9 and atherosclerosis: Looking beyond LDL regulation
Authors: Ragusa Rosetta , Basta Giuseppina , Neglia Danilo , De Caterina Raffaele , Del Turco Serena , Caselli Chiara 
Published: November 2020

AbstractProprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is involved in cholesterol homeostasis. After binding to the complex low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐receptor, PCSK9 induces its intracellular degradation, thus reducing serum LDL clearance. In addition to the well‐known activity on the hepatic LDL receptor‐mediated pathway, PCSK9 has been, however, associated with vascular inflammation in atherogenesis. Indeed, PCSK9 is expressed by various cell types that are involved in atherosclerosis (e.g. endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and macrophages) and is detected inside human atherosclerotic plaques. We here analyse the biology of PCSK9 and its possible involvement in molecular processes involved in atherosclerosis, beyond the regulation of circulating LDL cholesterol levels.
Concept Proliferation as an Educational Good: Epistemic Injustice, Conceptual Revolutions, and Human Flourishing
Authors: Nikolaidis A. C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article presents a pedagogical approach for disrupting epistemic injustice. In it, A. C. Nikolaidis first demonstrates that different forms of epistemic injustice — testimonial, hermeneutical, and contributory — are the result of limited or distorted conceptual resources and then argues that concept proliferation can be a promising educational means for overcoming such limitations and distortions. Concept proliferation involves a combination of increasing exposure to diverse, especially marginalized, concepts and providing students with necessary critical tools for questioning harmful and erroneous concepts. Concept proliferation is beneficial for both individual students and society at large. It liberates students from the confines of harmful concepts that limit their self‐understanding, but also provides them with skills necessary to challenge hegemonic concepts that distort collective (social) understanding and contribute to epistemic and systemic injustice.