bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Well, if I don't show up and go through with the fertility treatment, I won't have a baby’; Patient involvement in clinical practice: Option or condition?
Authors: Seibæk Lene , Handberg Charlotte , Beedholm Kirsten 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesWorldwide, the concept of patient involvement has a growing impact on health care. Involvement in care represents a benefit to many patients, but while being involved is inevitable for the patient, we assume that getting involved is not in all cases obtainable. On this background, we aimed to investigate patients' perceptions and experiences concerning their treatment and care in a clinical fertility treatment setting, and discuss how these may influence their possibilities for involvement in care.MethodBased on findings from focus‐group interviews with women undergoing fertility treatment, we have dealt with two aspects that impact the patients' possibilities for getting involved in their care: Imbalanced power relations in clinical settings, and patients' experiences of their physical vulnerability. Framed by phenomenological‐hermeneutic text interpretation theory key condensations were analysed and critically discussed.ResultsWe found that (a) to the individual patient it did not represent a free choice to seek and undergo treatment; (b) patients experienced substantial dependency, vulnerability, and anxiety during their clinical pathway.ConclusionWe conclude that it is essential to integrate also the influence of the clinical setting and the bodily aspects of care in the understanding of patient involvement in clinical practice.
Physicians' and Public Attitudes Toward Euthanasia in People with Advanced Dementia
Authors: Brinkman‐Stoppelenburg Arianne , Evenblij Kirsten , Pasman H. Roeline W. , van Delden Johannes J.M. , Onwuteaka‐Philipsen Bregje D. , van der Heide Agnes 
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESTo explore the opinion of the Dutch general public and of physicians regarding euthanasia in patients with advanced dementia.DESIGNA cross‐sectional survey.SETTINGThe Netherlands.PARTICIPANTSRandom samples of 1,965 citizens (response = 1,965/2,641 [75%]) and 1,147 physicians (response = 1,147/2,232 [51%]).MEASUREMENTSThe general public was asked to what extent they agreed with the statement “I think that people with dementia should be eligible for euthanasia, even if they no longer understand what is happening (if they have previously asked for it).” Physicians were asked whether they were of the opinion that performing euthanasia is conceivable in patients with advanced dementia, on the basis of a written advance directive, in the absence of severe comorbidities. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with the acceptance of euthanasia.RESULTSA total of 60% of the general public agreed that people with advanced dementia should be eligible for euthanasia. Factors associated with a positive attitude toward euthanasia were being female, age between 40 and 69 years, and higher educational level. Considering religion important was associated with lower acceptance. The percentage of physicians who considered it acceptable to perform euthanasia in people with advanced dementia was 24% for general practitioners, 23% for clinical specialists, and 8% for nursing home physicians. Having ever performed euthanasia before was positively associated with physicians considering euthanasia conceivable. Being female, having religious beliefs, and being a nursing home physician were negatively associated with regarding performing euthanasia as conceivable.CONCLUSIONThere is a discrepancy between public acceptance of euthanasia in patients with advanced dementia and physicians' conceivability of performing euthanasia in these patients. This discrepancy may cause tensions in daily practice because patients' and families' expectations may not be met. It urges patients, families, and physicians to discuss mutual expectations in these complex situations in a comprehensive and timely manner. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:2319–2328, 2020.
A topical naltrexone formulation for surgical wound healing: A case report
Authors: Dunn Jack , Liu Yi , Banov Fabiana , Denison Sebastian , Banov Daniel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn current guidelines, there is no specific therapeutic recommendation for promoting surgical wound healing. Proper postsurgical wound care regimen can speed up wound healing and prevent abnormal scarring.AimsThe purpose of this case study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a compounded topical formulation containing naltrexone in managing surgical wound in a patient after Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS).Patients/MethodsA patient started to apply the topical naltrexone formulation two days after the MMS on his hand. Images of the wound and a Patient Scar Assessment Questionnaire (PSAQ) were used to evaluate the clinical outcomes.ResultsThe wound completely healed, and the hand function was fully recovered following application of the formulation for 2 weeks. No abnormal scarring was formed, and the scar was only slightly noticeable after 2 months.ConclusionThis case study demonstrated the effectiveness of the topical naltrexone formulation in surgical wound management.
Long‐term effectiveness of lycopene in the management of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF): A 3‐years follow‐up study
Authors: Arakeri Gururaj , Patil Shankargouda , Maddur Nagaraj , Rao US Vishal , Subash Anand , Patil Shekar , Gao Shan , Brennan Peter A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term follow‐ups after receiving lycopene therapy for management of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) are scarce. The study aimed to assess the long‐term efficacy of lycopene for management of OSMF symptoms.MethodsIn this prospective clinical study, 400 clinically diagnosed early OSMF patients were assessed for the efficacy of lycopene in alleviation of burning sensation (BS) and reduced mouth opening (MO) symptoms in comparison to placebo. After 1‐year follow‐up, group A (lycopene group) was divided equally into group A1 and group A2. group A1 patients were retreated with lycopene and the A2 group was followed without retreatment. After 2‐year follow‐up, the Group A2 patients were advised retreatment but not followed as most of the patient did not agree for follow‐up. However, group A1 patients were continued to follow‐up every 6 months for a total three years. Statistical analysis was by independent sample t‐test and P‐value <.05 were considered as significant.ResultsA statistically significant difference (P < .05) in BS and MO was found between group A and B with lycopene showing better results. At one‐year follow‐up, a statistically significant recurrence in the symptoms was found (P < .05) in the lycopene group (group A). After the second intervention, there was a statistically significant difference in the improvement of symptoms between the group A1 and A2 at 6 months and 1 year (P < .05) with group A1 (retreatment) showing better results.ConclusionsTreatment with lycopene led to improvement in the symptoms of OSMF in the present study. The results highlight the importance of retreatment of lycopene for its long‐term effect on alleviation the symptoms of OSMF.
Endo‐allopolyploidy of autopolyploids and recurrent hybridization—A possible mechanism to explain the unresolved Y‐genome donor in polyploidElymusspecies (Triticeae: Poaceae)
Authors: Liu Quan‐Lan , Liu Lu , Ge Song , Fu Li‐Ping , Bai Shi‐Qie , Lv Xin , Wang Qian‐Kun , Chen Wang , Wang Fan‐Ye , Wang Li‐Hong , Yan Xue‐Bing , Lu Bao‐Rong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe genusElymusL. in the tribe Triticeae (Poaceae) includes economically and ecologically important forage grasses. The genus contains the pivotal St genome fromPseudoroegneriain combination with other genomes in the tribe. ManyElymusspecies are tetraploids containing the StY genomes. It is thought that polyploidization characterizes the speciation of the genus in which the Y is considered as another key genome. Based on data from cytological, genomein situhybridization, and molecular studies, we hypothesized an endo‐allopolyploidy origin of the StY‐genome species from the autotetraploidPseudoroegneriaspecies. To test this hypothesis, we amplified, cloned, and sequenced five single‐copy nuclear genes (i.e., alcohol dehydrogenase 1–3,Adh1–Adh3, RNA polymerase II,Rpb2; andWaxy) fromElymus, Pseudoroegneria, andHordeumspecies. The phylogenetic trees constructed based on the sequencing analyses of all genes indicated that diploid and autotetraploidPseudoroegneriaspecies were closely related, although with considerable genetic variation in tetraploids. In addition, the StY‐genomeElymusspecies tended to have a close relationship with the diploid and autotetraploidPseudoroegneriaspecies, although different phylogenetic relationships among the gene trees were detected. These results indicated that the StY‐genome species may have an autotetraploid origin and experienced recurrent hybridization. The complex St genomes inPseudoroegneriain the polyploid state may gain more opportunities for within‐species differentiation and recurrent hybridization. As a result, series modified versions of St genomes evolved into the StY genomes in someElymusspecies.
Gen‐morph species concept—A new and integrative species concept for outbreeding organisms
Authors: Hong De‐Yuan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe present article briefly reviewed the prevailing species concepts, especially biological, genetic, evolutionary, phylogenetic, ecological, and several taxonomic species concepts. The former five reflect the properties of species from diverse aspects and in different degrees, while taxonomic species concepts all contain more or less subjective elements, except for Hedberg's taxonomic method (not species concept). So far, there is no species concept that is both theoretically rational and practically operable. The present article outlined recent studies on the genus Paeonia L. (Paeoniaceae) in biology, particularly in morphology, biogeography, molecular phylogeny, and reproductive behavior, which provided insight into the relationship between variation of morphological characteristics and phylogeny. Taking the study on Paeonia L. as a case, referring to studies on some other plant groups, and incorporating the merits of the prevailing species concepts into our consideration, “gen‐morph species concept” is proposed here formally as new for outbreeding organisms. The new species concept has three special features: (i) a bridge linking morphological aspect with genetic and other aspects of species; (ii) proposal of a concrete morphological criterion for species definition, and (iii) considering quantitative and qualitative characteristics as equally valuable for species definition and introducing statistics into the concept to handle such characteristics. Therefore, the gen‐morph species concept is an integrative species concept, both theoretically objective and practically operable.
Animal‐mediated long‐distance dispersals and migrations shaping the intercontinental disjunctions of Celastrus (Celastraceae) among five continents
Authors: Zhu Yi‐Xuan , Lei Feng‐Wei , Tong Ling , Mu Xian‐Yun , Wen Jun , Zhang Zhi‐Xiang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe mechanisms underlying the origin, evolution, and distributional patterns of organisms are a major focus of biogeography. Vicariance and long‐distance dispersal (LDD) are two important explanations for disjunctive distribution patterns among lineages. In‐depth biogeographic studies of taxa that exhibit wide‐ranging disjunctions can provide valuable information for addressing the relative importance of these biogeographic mechanisms. The genus Celastrus contains ca. 30 species that are disjunctly distributed in five continents of both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, providing an excellent system for historical biogeographic analyses. Here, we used sequence data from five markers (nuclear external transcribed spacer and internal transcribed spacer, and plastid psbA‐trnH, rpl16, and trnL‐F) to reconstruct the phylogeny of Celastrus and investigate its phylogenetic relationships with Tripterygium, estimate clade divergence times using the fossil‐calibrated method, and infer its ancestral distribution range. Celastrus and Tripterygium were each supported as monophyletic. The morphology‐based classification systems were not supported by the phylogenetic results. The divergence time between Celastrus and Tripterygium was estimated to be 26.22 Ma (95% highest posterior density: 24.46–28.17 Ma), and the diversification of Celastrus were suggested to be linked to global warming events during the Miocene. Celastrus was suggested to have a tropical Asian origin, and dispersed to Central and South America, North America, Oceania, and Madagascar at different periods, most probably through LDD. Birds may have facilitated transoceanic migrations of Celastrus because of its bicolored fruits, which contain red and fleshy arils. Our results highlight the importance of key morphological innovations and animal‐mediated dispersals for the rapid diversification of plant lineages across vast distributional ranges.
The Upper Contact Unit of the Sudbury Igneous Complex in the Garson region: Constraints on the depth of origin of a peak ring at the Sudbury impact structure
Authors: Grieve Richard A. F. , Osinski Gordon R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObservational and logical arguments are presented for the lithology formerly named the Garson Member of the Onaping Formation being the clast‐bearing, fine‐grained, chilled Upper Contact Unit (UCU) of the Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC) in the Garson region of the Sudbury impact structure. It differs considerably, however, from the UCU in the North Range of the SIC with respect to the character of its clasts. Namely, the clasts are essentially monomict (quartzites), much larger (up to 100 m across), and much more abundant (up to 80% in places). These differences indicate a different source than “fallback” material for the clasts in the UCU in the Garson region. Their character requires a “coherent,” singular source that was topographically above the SIC melt pool. Such a source would correspond to that of an emergent peak ring of fractured target rocks. The clasts are identified as Huronian Mississagi quartzite, which is estimated to have been at a nominal depth of 7.5 ± 2.5 km at the time of impact. This provides a constraint on the depth of origin of the peak ring. This depth estimate is closest to the lower depth estimate from current numerical models of Sudbury and the similar‐sized Chicxulub impact structures.
Positive selection and convergent evolution shape molecular phenotypic traits of innate immunity receptors in tits (Paridae)
Authors: Těšický Martin , Velová Hana , Novotný Marian , Kreisinger Jakub , Beneš Vladimír , Vinkler Michal 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDespite widespread variability and redundancy abounding animal immunity, little is currently known about the rate of evolutionary convergence (functionally analogous traits not inherited from a common ancestor) in host molecular adaptations to parasite selective pressures. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) provide the molecular interface allowing hosts to recognize pathogenic structures and trigger early danger signals initiating an immune response. Using a novel combination of bioinformatic approaches, here we explore genetic variation in ligand‐binding regions of bacteria‐sensing TLR4 and TLR5 in 29 species belonging to the tit family of passerine birds (Aves: Paridae). Three out of the four consensual positively selected sites in TLR4 and six out of 14 positively selected positions in TLR5 were located on the receptor surface near the functionally important sites, and based on the phylogenetic pattern evolved in a convergent (parallel) manner. This type of evolution was also seen at one N‐glycosylation site and two positively selected phosphorylation sites, providing the first evidence of convergence in post‐translational modifications in evolutionary immunology. Finally, the overall mismatch between phylogeny and the clustering of surface charge distribution demonstrates that convergence is common in overall TLR4 and TLR5 molecular phenotypes involved in ligand binding. Our analysis did not reveal any broad ecological traits explaining the convergence observed in electrostatic potentials, suggesting that information on microbial symbionts may be needed to explain TLR evolution. Adopting state‐of‐the‐art predictive structural bionformatics, we have outlined a new broadly applicable methodological approach to estimate the functional significance of positively selected variation and test for the adaptive molecular convergence in protein‐coding polymorphisms.
Modeling and interpreting road geometry from a driver's perspective using variational autoencoders
Authors: Wang Fan , Chen Yuren , Wijnands Jasper S. , Guo Jingqiu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractQuantitative description of perspective geometries is a challenging task due to the complexities of geometric shapes. In this paper, we address this gap by proposing a new methodology based on variational autoencoders (VAE) to derive low‐dimensional and exploitable parameters of the perspective road geometry. First, road perspective images were generated based on different alignment scenarios. Then, a VAE was built to create a regularized and exploitable latent space from the data. The latent space is a compressed representation of perspective geometry, from which six latent parameters were derived. Without prior expert knowledge, four of the latent parameters were found to represent distinctive attributes of the geometry, such as visual curvature, slope, sight distance, and curve direction. The latent parameters provided quantitative measurements of how the design scheme looks like in perspective view. It was found that a road with low accident rate has low values for codes 4 and 5, high values for code 3, and low variance for codes 3 and 6. The trained VAE model also ensured accurate generation of the perspective images by decoding the latent parameters. Overall, this research advances the understanding of road design by considering the driver's perception.
Genomic analyses reveal the genetic basis of early maturity and identification of loci and candidate genes in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors: Li Libei , Zhang Chi , Huang Jianqin , Liu Qibao , Wei Hengling , Wang Hantao , Liu Guoyuan , Gu Lijiao , Yu Shuxun 
Published: July 2020

SummaryAlthough upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutism L.) originated in the tropics, this early maturity cotton can be planted as far north as 46°N in China due to the accumulation of numerous phenotypic and physiological adaptations during domestication. However, how the genome of early maturity cotton has been altered by strong human selection remains largely unknown. Herein, we report a cotton genome variation map generated by the resequencing of 436 cotton accessions. Whole‐genome scans for sweep regions identified 357 putative selection sweeps covering 4.94% (112 Mb) of the upland cotton genome, including 5184 genes. These genes were functionally related to flowering time control, hormone catabolism, ageing and defence response adaptations to environmental changes. A genome‐wide association study (GWAS) for seven early maturity traits identified 307 significant loci, 22.48% (69) of which overlapped with putative selection sweeps that occurred during the artificial selection of early maturity cotton. Several previously undescribed candidate genes associated with early maturity were identified by GWAS. This study provides insights into the genetic basis of early maturity in upland cotton as well as breeding resources for cotton improvement.
A single nucleotide substitution in TaHKT1;5‐D controls shoot Na+ accumulation in bread wheat
Authors: Borjigin Chana , Schilling Rhiannon K. , Bose Jayakumar , Hrmova Maria , Qiu Jiaen , Wege Stefanie , Situmorang Apriadi , Byrt Caitlin , Brien Chris , Berger Bettina , Gilliham Matthew , Pearson Allison S. , Roy Stuart J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractImproving salinity tolerance in the most widely cultivated cereal, bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), is essential to increase grain yields on saline agricultural lands. A Portuguese landrace, Mocho de Espiga Branca accumulates up to sixfold greater leaf and sheath sodium (Na+) than two Australian cultivars, Gladius and Scout, under salt stress in hydroponics. Despite high leaf and sheath Na+ concentrations, Mocho de Espiga Branca maintained similar salinity tolerance compared to Gladius and Scout. A naturally occurring single nucleotide substitution was identified in the gene encoding a major Na+ transporter TaHKT1;5‐D in Mocho de Espiga Branca, which resulted in a L190P amino acid residue variation. This variant prevents Mocho de Espiga Branca from retrieving Na+ from the root xylem leading to a high shoot Na+ concentration. The identification of the tissue‐tolerant Mocho de Espiga Branca will accelerate the development of more elite salt‐tolerant bread wheat cultivars.
Topical RT1640 treatment effectively reverses gray hair and stem cell loss in a mouse model of radiation‐induced canities
Authors: Anderson Zoya T. , Palmer Joseph W. , Idris Misgana I. , Villavicencio Kyrene M. , Le Giang , Cowart Jaelyn , Weinstein David E. , Harris Melissa L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGray hair is a visible sign of tissue degeneration during aging. Graying is attributed to dysfunction of melanocyte stem cells (McSCs) that results in depletion of their melanin‐producing progeny. This non‐lethal phenotype makes the hair follicle and its pigment system an attractive model for investigating mechanisms that contribute to tissue aging and therapeutic strategies to combat this process. One potential combination therapeutic is RT1640, which is comprised of two drugs that are known to stimulate hair growth (cyclosporine A [CsA] and minoxidil), along with RT175, a non‐immunosuppressive immunophilin ligand that is implicated in tissue regeneration. Using the ionizing radiation‐induced acute mouse model of hair graying, we demonstrate that RT1640, over CsA alone, promotes regeneration of the hair pigment system during and following treatment. In non‐irradiated mice, RT1640 is also physiologically active and successfully speeds hair growth and expands the McSC pool. It appears that this effect relies on the combined activities of the three drugs within RT1640 to simultaneously activate hair growth and McSCs as RT175 alone was insufficient to induce hair cycling in vivo, yet sufficient to drive the upregulation of the melanogenic program in vitro. This study sets the stage for further investigation into RT1640 and its components in McSC biology and, ultimately, melanocyte hypopigmentary disorders associated with disease and aging.