bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Citizenship by investment programmes: Express naturalisation for bulky wallets. An arbitrary de jure stratification?
Authors: Prats Elena 
Published: December 2019

Traditionally, the study of the relation between stratification and migration has been focusing on features such as origin, ethnicity or gender, paying special attention to migrants at the bottom of the stratification. Recent studies (Shachar, 2011, 2016; Shachar & Hirschl, 2013) have shifted this lens by proving that there are worldwide ways to facilitate access to citizenship to applicants having exceptional talents —in sports, in academia or in industry—, most of them privileged by discretional decisions. Much less attention has caught the relation between stratification and programmes fast-tracking the route to citizenship in exchange for economic transactions. These are usually called citizenship by investment programmes (CIPs) and come in different forms. Yet all of them have in common the factor that economic capacity of the applicant is the key to access citizenship. By facilitating and speeding up the acquisition of citizenship on grounds of economic capacity, CIPs entail stratification in accessing citizenship that is established de jure or by law. This stratification in naturalisation requires further investigation and raises several questions: Is it fair to remove some requirements, such as civic and language tests, for checkbook citizens while keeping them for other naturalisation applicants? Should money be accepted as the main requirement to grant citizenship? Are these policies arbitrary? This paper has three objectives. First, to present the phenomenon of CIPs, focusing on programmes established by EU member states. Second, to compare the requirements applied to general applicants and to applicants following CIPs in order to prove that the programmes entail a de jure stratification in the access to citizenship. Third, to argue that these practices may be considered arbitrary.Summary:1. Introduction. 2. CIPs: a fast route to bulky wallets. 3. CIPs in the European Union (EU). (a) Bulgarian CIP. (b) Cypriot CIP. (c) Maltese CIP. 4. Is the stratification entailed by talented and checkbook citizens akin? 5. Last remarks
Marketing touristique, pop culture et conflit d’appropriation
Authors: Sabre Clothilde 
Published: December 2019

Le tourisme lié aux contenus de pop culture (bandes dessinées, manga, séries télévisées, films, animations, musique, jeux vidéo, etc.) concerne un nombre croissant de destinations et des campagnes de promotion (branding) se mettent en place pour valoriser la connexion entre sites et contenus, tandis que des aménagements sont entrepris sur le plan local afin de conformer les lieux à cette image issue des médias. Le Japon est un cas représentatif de ce phénomène, avec notamment le quartier d’Akihabara (Tokyo), lieu connu pour sa concentration de commerces en lien avec la pop culture japonaise, progressivement devenu un territoire dédié au tourisme de pop culture depuis le milieu des années 2000. Le succès global des contenus médiatiques japonais et la campagne de marketing qui a suivi (sous le slogan « Cool Japan ») ont ainsi justifié et influencé la rénovation du quartier. L’espace d’Akihabara, auparavant clos sur l’entre-soi des fans locaux stigmatisés (les otaku ), a été transformé en vitrine du Cool Japan, attirant ainsi un grand nombre de visiteurs, un processus paradoxal puisqu’il met en avant une identité acquise avec un groupe d’acteurs sociaux dévalorisés. Cet article propose de questionner la construction de l’identité touristique d’un site à travers le processus de valorisation urbaine conséquent au marketing territorial et au branding. Les aménagements et les représentations qui tirent parti de l’identité du site (ici la pop culture japonaise) forcent les différents groupes d’acteurs sociaux en présence à redéfinir leurs représentations et leurs pratiques, ce qui, comme on le verra ici, peut mener à un conflit d’appropriation déclenché par la mise en tourisme.
Jack Kerouac : un French guy pareil comme moi ?
Authors: Perreault Robert B. 
Published: December 2019

L’auteur, Robert B. Perreault, un Franco-Américain de Manchester au New- Hampshire, raconte comment, en 1973, il a découvert l’oeuvre de l’écrivain Jack Kerouac lorsqu’un ami lui a mis entre les mains le volume Satori in Paris en lui disant : « C’est écrit par un French guy de la Nouvelle-Angleterre, pareil comme toi. » Après avoir lu ce livre, Perreault fait une étude approfondie du reste de l’oeuvre de Kerouac, ainsi que de sa vie et sa carrière, pour ensuite déterminer à quel point son ami avait raison en appelant Kerouac « un French guy de la Nouvelle-Angleterre comme [lui] ». Cet essai est donc le résultat de sa recherche.
Micro-Variables of Dynamic Capabilities and How They Come into Effect – Exploring Firm-Specificity and Cross-Firm Commonalities
Authors: Wilkens Uta , Sprafke Nicole 
Published: December 2019

This paper gives emphasis to four categories most relevant for microfoundations of dynamic ca-pabilities (DCs): (1) leadership behavior, (2) team interaction, (3) individual capabilities, and (4) job characteristics. We study whether micro-variables operate firm-specifically when constituting DCs and how they relate to one another. Data result from employee surveys (n = 486) conducted in five German organizations. The cross-firm comparison based on discriminant analyses reveals that micro-variables that constitute DCs often build firm-specific configurations in a broader set of variables. Only structural empowerment and team learning function as cross-firm commonali-ties. There is evidence to consider firm-specificity when explaining competitive advantages.
Lien social et micro-fondations de la capacité dynamique d’expérimentation – Les enseignements d’une étude de cas
Authors: Malherbe Magali , Loilier Thomas 
Published: December 2019

Cet article questionne les micro-fondations d’une capacité dynamique d’expérimentation mise en oeuvre à travers des projets d’innovation collaboratifs. Nous proposons un modèle conceptuel qui s’articule autour de trois niveaux d’analyse. Ainsi, des échanges inter-organisationnels suivant une logique de don / contre-don permettent de construire un lien social entre les individus. Ce lien social soutient ensuite la création et la mise en oeuvre de la capacité dynamique d’expérimentation. Fondés sur une étude de cas portant sur le secteur des technologies de l’information, les résultats montrent que les connaissances échangées alimentent des cycles de dons qui assurent les micro-fondations de la capacité dynamique d’expérimentation, cette dernière stimulant en retour les échanges.
Prosaposin in seminal plasma on the day of oocyte retrieval is associated with normal fertilization and embryo development in in vitro fertilization cycles
Authors: Xu Chun , Cai Jiali , Liu Lanlan , Ren Jianzhi 
Published: December 2019

The prospective study including 166 participants aims to evaluate the association between seminal prosaposin and the outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles in humans. The generalized linear model (GLM) was used to analyze the associations between seminal prosaposin concentrations and normal fertilization rates and good embryos proportion. The generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to evaluate the association between embryo parameters and the prosaposin concentrations. Each model was adjusted for age of the couples, female basal FSH, AFC and BMI, starting dose and oocyte yield of IVF cycles and smoker. GLM models suggested that prosaposin was significantly associated with fertilization rate (P = 0.005) and good embryo proportion (P = 0.038) while none of the semen parameters (sperm concentration, motility, progressive motility, normal morphology rate, postwash sperm concentration and motility) was significantly associated with the parameters in the cohort. Using GEE, it was also shown that prosaposin was positively associated with the occurrence of early cleavage and negatively associated with uneven cleavage pattern on day 3. In both the overall population and the normozoospermia patients, the prosaposin was significantly associated with pregnancy with adjustment with covariates. In conclusion, our data suggested that seminal prosaposin concentration could provide more information regarding normal fertilization and embryo development in IVF than traditional semen parameters.
Effect of Tillage and Weed Control Techniques on Energy Dynamics and Profitability of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) - Rice Cropping Sequence in Irrigated Ecosystem of C. G. Plains
Authors: Ahmad Anjum , Chowdhury T. , Kumar Adyant 
Published: December 2019

A field study was conducted during rabi seasons of 2010-11 and 2011-12 at the Research cum Instructional Farm of Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh to evaluate the effect of various tillage and weed management techniques on energy dynamics and profitability of chickpea-rice cropping sequence in irrigated ecosystem of C.G. plains. The results indicate that plots were divided into main and sub plots (tillage and weed management practices). Three tillage practices viz., conventional tillage (T1), minimum tillage (T2) and zero tillage (T3) in main plot and nine weed management practices as pendimethalin @ 1000 g ha-1 PE (W1), imazethapyr @ 80 g ha-1 PE (W2), imazethapyr @ 90 g ha-1 PE (W3), imazethapyr @ 100 g ha-1 PE (W4) at 2 DAS, imazethapyr @ 70 g ha-1 POE (W5), imazethapyr @ 80 g ha-1 POE (W6), imazethapyr @ 90 g ha-1 POE (W7) at 20 DAS, one hand weeding at 20 DAS (W8) and weedy check (W9), in sub plots. Among the various tillage practices, maximum energy use efficiency 3.74 q MJ-1 × 10-3 ha-1 and energy productivity 160.34 kg MJ-1 ha-1 were obtained with conventional tillage (T1) followed by minimum tillage (T2) and zero tillage (T3) and among the different weed control methods, maximum energy use efficiency 5.46 q MJ-1 × 10-3 ha-1 and energy productivity 233.37 kg MJ-1 ha-1 were found with one hand weeding at 20 DAS (W8) followed by post-emergence application of imazethapyr @ 90 g ha-1 (W7) followed by imazethapyr @ 80 g ha-1 PoE (W6). The economic production of experiment in terms of net return was maximum under (T1) conventional tillage Rs.19824.21 ha-1 with B:C ratio 1.19 and (W8) one hand weeding at 20 DAS Rs.19171.44 ha-1 with B:C ratio 0.95 and this was followed by @ 90 g ha-1 imazethapyr, where net return Rs.19086.74 ha-1 and B:C ratio 1.04. The minimum net return and B:C ratio was observed under zero tillage (T3) and weedy check (W9).
Evaluation of Bystander Infection of Oncolytic Virus using a Medium Flow Integrated 3D In Vitro Microphysiological System
Authors: Lee Sang Woo , Lee Kyoung Jin , Jeong Soo Yeon , Joo Chul Hyun , Lee Heuiran , Jeong Gi Seok 
Published: December 2019

AbstractReplicable oncolytic viruses (OVs) induce tumor cell lysis and release viral progeny. The released progeny virions and cell debris can spread within surrounding tumor cells or blood vessels. These released molecules may also induce bystander damage in additional tumor cells through spreading within surrounding tumor cells or blood vessels. However, this effect has not been clearly demonstrated due to the difficulty of direct observation. Here, the bystander infection of OVs by vessel delivery and selective infection in 3D multicellular tumoroids (MCTs) in an in vitro microphysiological system (MPS) with integrated medium flow is demonstrated. This study uses replicable vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)‐green fluorescence protein (GFP) to identify the location of infection in 3D MCTs. Using this MPS, the oncoselective infection by VSV‐GFP and the spreading by delivery of OVs through flow via block‐to‐block linkage of the primary infected MPS with uninfected 3D MCTs in an integrated MPS is observed. This MPS enables real‐time monitoring and various analysis for the bystander infection of OVs. It is expected that the 3D in vitro MPS can be suitable to investigate the oncoselective spreading and bystander infection of OVs.
Superoleophobic Filters: Improvement of Filtration Performance by Front Attachment of Oil‐Guiding Fabric
Authors: Liu Jialin , Zhou Hua , Wu Xiaolin , Wang Hongxia , Ji Zhongli , Xing Yanning , Lu Jinjie , Wei Xin , Lin Tong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a novel, simple, but efficient method is reported to lower pressure drop and meanwhile maintain high filtration efficiency of superoleophobic filters for oil aerosol filtration. By close attachment of a thin oil‐guiding fibrous layer to the front surface of a superoleophobic filter, the pressure drop at pseudostatic state can be reduced by 20%. Such a remarkable reduction in filtration resistance is originated from the capillary effect of the oil‐guiding fabric, and pore size within the guiding fabric also played a role. This novel material may be useful for the development of high efficiency, low energy‐consumption coalescing filters for various applications.
Analog Optical Spatial Differentiators Based on Dielectric Metasurfaces
Authors: Zhou Yi , Wu Wenhui , Chen Rui , Chen Wenjie , Chen Ruipin , Ma Yungui 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAnalog spatial differentiator is an important optical computational device that can be potentially used in the field of high‐speed edge detection and optical image processing. In the current stage, a general method is still required to robustly design compact devices for various spectrum or complex situation. In this work, a dielectric metasurface method is proposed and experimentally demonstrated to build optical spatial differentiators. This is physically realized by a high‐quality magnetic resonance mode that is hybridized with the classic bounded surface wave via grating coupling. Experimentally, a well‐defined first‐order differentiation effect is observed at oblique light incidence. The application potential of this device is evaluated by inputting various figures. It is shown that it can perform an optical processor to trace the profiles of the figure content with a resolution better than 30.8 µm. This work may pave a robust way to build ultracompact optical computation devices for real‐time image processors, which can be freely extended to various frequencies.
Root Growth Adaptation is Mediated by PYLs ABA Receptor‐PP2A Protein Phosphatase Complex
Authors: Li Yang , Wang Yaping , Tan Shutang , Li Zhen , Yuan Zhi , Glanc Matouš , Domjan David , Wang Kai , Xuan Wei , Guo Yan , Gong Zhizhong , Friml Jiří , Zhang Jing 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPlant root architecture dynamically adapts to various environmental conditions, such as salt‐containing soil. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is involved among others also in these developmental adaptations, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, a novel branch of the ABA signaling pathway in Arabidopsis involving PYR/PYL/RCAR (abbreviated as PYLs) receptor‐protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) complex that acts in parallel to the canonical PYLs‐protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) mechanism is identified. The PYLs‐PP2A signaling modulates root gravitropism and lateral root formation through regulating phytohormone auxin transport. In optimal conditions, PYLs ABA receptor interacts with the catalytic subunits of PP2A, increasing their phosphatase activity and thus counteracting PINOID (PID) kinase‐mediated phosphorylation of PIN‐FORMED (PIN) auxin transporters. By contrast, in salt and osmotic stress conditions, ABA binds to PYLs, inhibiting the PP2A activity, which leads to increased PIN phosphorylation and consequently modulated directional auxin transport leading to adapted root architecture. This work reveals an adaptive mechanism that may flexibly adjust plant root growth to withstand saline and osmotic stresses. It occurs via the cross‐talk between the stress hormone ABA and the versatile developmental regulator auxin.
Elucidating the Role of a Tetrafluoroborate‐Based Ionic Liquid at the n‐Type Oxide/Perovskite Interface
Authors: Noel Nakita K. , Habisreutinger Severin N. , Wenger Bernard , Lin Yen‐Hung , Zhang Fengyu , Patel Jay B. , Kahn Antoine , Johnston Michael B. , Snaith Henry J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHalide perovskites are currently one of the most heavily researched emerging photovoltaic materials. Despite achieving remarkable power conversion efficiencies, perovskite solar cells have not yet achieved their full potential, with the interfaces between the perovskite and the charge‐selective layers being where most recombination losses occur. In this study, a fluorinated ionic liquid (IL) is employed to modify the perovskite/SnO2 interface. Using Kelvin probe and photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, it is shown that depositing the perovskite onto an IL‐treated substrate results in the crystallization of a perovskite film which has a more n‐type character, evidenced by a decrease of the work function and a shift of the Fermi level toward the conduction band. Photoluminescence spectroscopy and time‐resolved microwave conductivity are used to investigate the optoelectronic properties of the perovskite grown on neat and IL‐modified surfaces and it is found that the modified substrate yields a perovskite film which exhibits an order of magnitude lower trap density than the control. When incorporated into solar cells, this interface modification results in a reduction in the current–voltage hysteresis and an improvement in device performance, with the best performing devices achieving steady‐state PCEs exceeding 20%.
Lifting off a solid sphere from a flat bottom by laminar fluid flow
Authors: Wang Chao , Wang Hanbin , Zhang Kun , Li Zhipeng , Gao Zhengming , Derksen Jos J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe perform quantitative visualization experiments on the vertical (z‐direction) motion of a spherical solid particle being lifted off a horizontal flat bottom due to laminar fluid flow generated by a revolving impeller. Describing the observed motion of the particle in terms of a constant vertical hydrodynamic force overcoming gravity and the lubrication force has limited success. For this reason, we hypothesize that the hydrodynamic force on the particle quickly increases with its distance from the bottom. This hypothesis is supported by detailed numerical simulations of the flow around the particle. Integrating the equation of motion of the sphere with the vertical hydrodynamic force as a linear function ofzderived from simulations provides an adequate description of the experimentally observed vertical motion of the particle.
Providing more evidence on LZTR1 variants in Noonan syndrome patients
Authors: Chinton Josefina , Huckstadt Victoria , Mucciolo Mafalda , Lepri Francesca , Novelli Antonio , Gravina Luis Pablo , Obregon María Gabriela 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNoonan syndrome (NS, OMIM 163950) is a common autosomal dominant RASopathy caused mainly by gain‐of‐function germline pathogenic variants in genes involved in the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway. LZTR1 gene has been associated with both dominant and recessive NS. Here, we present seven patients with NS and variants in the LZTR1 gene from seven unrelated families, 14 individuals in total. The detection rAte of LZTR1 variants in our NS cohort was 4% similar to RAF1 and KRAS genes, indicating that variants in this gene might be frequent among our population. Three different variants were detected, c.742G>A (p.Gly248Arg), c.360C>A (p.His120Gln), and c.2245T>C (p.Tyr749His). The pathogenic variant c.742G>A (p.Gly248Arg) was found in five/seven patients. In our cohort 50% of patients presented heart defects and neurodevelopment delay or learning disabilities, short stature was present in 21% of them and one patient had acute lymphoblastic leukemia. This study broadens the spectrum of variants in the LZTR1 gene and provides increased knowledge of the clinical phenotypes observed in Argentinean NS patients.
Ecological and social determinants of association and proximity patterns in the fission–fusion society of spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi)
Authors: Aguilar‐Melo Adriana R. , Calmé Sophie , Pinacho‐Guendulain Braulio , Smith‐Aguilar Sandra E. , Ramos‐Fernández Gabriel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSome social species exhibit high levels of fission–fusion dynamics (FFD) that improve foraging efficiency. In this study, we shed light on the way that FFD allows animal groups to cope with fluctuations in fruit availability. We explore the relative contribution of fruit availability and social factors like sex in determining association and proximity patterns in spider monkeys. We tested the influence of fruit availability and social factors on the association and proximity patterns using three‐year data from a group of spider monkeys in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico. We identified subgroup members and estimated their Interindividual distances through instantaneous scan sampling. We evaluated fruit availability by monitoring the phenology of the 10 most important food tree species for spider monkeys in the study site. Social network analyses allowed us to evaluate association and proximity patterns in subgroups. We showed that association patterns vary between seasons, respond to changes in fruit availability, and are influenced by the sex of individuals, likely reflecting biological and behavioral differences between sexes and the interplay between ecological and social factors. In contrast, proximity patterns were minimally affected by changes in fruit availability, suggesting that social factors are more important than food availability in determining cohesion within subgroups.
The influence of mobility strategy on the modern human talus
Authors: Sorrentino Rita , Stephens Nicholas B. , Carlson Kristian J. , Figus Carla , Fiorenza Luca , Frost Stephen , Harcourt‐Smith William , Parr William , Saers Jaap , Turley Kevin , Wroe Stephen , Belcastro Maria G. , Ryan Timothy M. , Benazzi Stefano 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe primate talus is known to have a shape that varies according to differences in locomotion and substrate use. While the modern human talus is morphologically specialized for bipedal walking, relatively little is known on how its morphology varies in relation to cultural and environmental differences across time. Here we compare tali of modern human populations with different subsistence economies and lifestyles to explore how cultural practices and environmental factors influence external talar shape.Materials and MethodsThe sample consists of digital models of 142 tali from 11 archaeological and post‐industrial modern human groups. Talar morphology was investigated through 3D (semi)landmark based geometric morphometric methods.ResultsOur results show distinct differences between highly mobile hunter‐gatherers and more sedentary groups belonging to a mixed post‐agricultural/industrial background. Hunter‐gatherers exhibit a more “flexible” talar shape, everted posture, and a more robust and medially oriented talar neck/head, which we interpret as reflecting long‐distance walking strictly performed barefoot, or wearing minimalistic footwear, along uneven ground. The talus of the post‐industrial population exhibits a “stable” profile, neutral posture, and a less robust and orthogonally oriented talar neck/head, which we interpret as a consequence of sedentary lifestyle and use of stiff footwear.DiscussionWe suggest that talar morphological variation is related to the adoption of constraining footwear in post‐industrial society, which reduces ankle range of motion. This contrasts with hunter‐gatherers, where talar shape shows a more flexible profile, likely resulting from a lack of footwear while traversing uneven terrain. We conclude that modern human tali vary with differences in locomotor and cultural behavior.