bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of Cu, Zn and Ni in Asian Swamp Eels, Monopterus albus from Bachok and Pasir Mas, Kelantan, Malaysia
Authors: Sow Ai Yin , Maizatul @ Maizatu Nisrina Nadia , Mahhadi Farah Amalin , Nik Yusoff Nik Raihan , Hambali Kamarul 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This work investigated the metal concentration in Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus) tissues, from paddy cultivation areas in Kelantan. Five selected tissues, such as liver, gills, kidney, skin and muscle were examined for Zn, Cu and Ni concentrations. Zn concentration was found to be the highest in the liver of eels from Bachok and Pasir Mas, while Cu concentration was highest in the liver and kidney, respectively. In addition, non-essential metal like Ni was identified in high amount in the eel gills and kidney. However, low level of Zn, Cu and Ni concentrations were identified in the muscle tissues. Overall, Asian swamp eels from Bachok and Pasir Mas did not show much variation in Zn, Cu and Ni accumulation in the five selected tissues. Nevertheless, the deposition of agrochemical fertilisers and pesticides should be regularly controlled by responsible agencies to avoid any metal poisoning.
The Preliminary Study of Late Oligocene to Early Miocene Calcareous Nannofossil in Klias Peninsula, Sabah
Authors: Rosmadi Nur Syahirah , Sulaiman Nursufiah , Sulaiman Noorzamzarina , Asis Junaidi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractKlias Peninsula comprises of five different lithostratigraphic units which are, Temburong, West Crocker, Setap Shale, Belait, and Liang formations. The study area is one of the onshore outcrops of the western side of Sabah mainland which contributed to the high potential of hydrogen exploration within the Temburong Formation. There is still a lack of calcareous nannofossils study in terms of academic purposes, hence a systematic preliminary research study had been conducted to find the taxonomic diversity of the calcareous nannofossils within the age of late Oligocene to early Miocene. This study aims to identify the taxonomy classification of the calcareous nannofossil based on the morphology features. Coccosphere has been distinguished by two different taxonomic classifications of coccoliths and nannoliths. Coccoliths are the most discussed for their morphology and classified into two basic mode holococcoliths and heterococcoliths. Nannolith morphology feature is complex and classified as a heterogeneous group. Thirty-four samples from Kuala Penyu to Menumbok areas of Sabah were collected. A simple smear method used to prepare all the samples. Light microscope (LM) observations used to identify the taxonomy and calcareous nannofossil classification aided by plane-polarized (PPL) and cross-polarized (XPL) nicols with 800x magnification. Apart from that, there were diverse taxa that had been discovered such as,Braararudosphaera bigelowii, Discoaster deflandrei, Cyclicargolithus abisectus, Cyclicargolithus bukryi,Coccolithus pelagicus,Thoracosphaera saxea, Alisphaerasp. andReticulofenestra bisecta.
Diversification of Igneous Rocks and Geoheritage Values in Pergau, Jeli Kelantan
Authors: Sulaiman Nursufiah , Sulaiman Noorzamzarina , Hussin Hamzah , Achmad Bahar Arham Muchtar , Udin Wani Sofia 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study aims to map rocks variation and geological features and identifying the geodiversity values for geotourism potential in Pergau area. Generally Pergau area is dominated by granitoid body from Noring Granite and Kenerong Leucogranite. Based on the field observation, there are five (5) variation of granites; 1) the coarse grained dominant with quartz and feldspar, 2) fine grained, 3) pink megacryst biotite granite, 4) coarse grained dominant with hornblend, and 5) foliated granite. The assesment of geoheritage values show that Pergau is basically a little too low values to be as geotourism site and the level of significance is only local to state. However, the scientific and education values are higher, which ressemble that Pergau area is very important for the research and educational site.
The Sauropod Dinosaur Trackways from Tanah Merah, Kelantan, Malaysia
Authors: Achmad Bahar Arham Muchtar , Sulaiman Mohd Syakir , Martosuwito Surono , Hartono Udi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A newly discovered giant Sauropod trackways from Bukit Panau Hill, Tanah Merah District in Kelantan reveals that northern Kelantan was inhabited by dinosaur 65 to 144 million years ago probably in the Cretaceous period. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the discovery of the first Sauropod fossil in Malaysia and is also a preliminary study of the existence of Sauropod in Malaysia in particular. At least 7 tracks averagely 66 cm in wide and 72 cm in length are within the size range of large cretaceous sauropods such suggests an animal reaching a length of 22 meter long and 9 meters high, with weight estimated 30 to 40 metric tons.
Mapping of Groundwater Potential Zones in a Crystalline Terrain Using Remote Sensing, GIS Techniques and Field Observations: A Case Study in Parts of Tanah Merah, Kelantan, Malaysia
Authors: Abdul Ghofur Muhammad Nadzmi , Sofia Udin Wani , Mansor Hafzan Eva , Ali Khan Mohammad Muqtada 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Identification of potential groundwater exploration sites is a difficult activity in hard rock terrain. Groundwater occus in hard rocks at secondary porosity dvoped due to weathering, fracturing, faulting, etc., and this is highly unpredictable and varies dramatically within very short distances, leading to the near-surface aquifer. Topographic, hydrogeological, and geomorphological features in these cases offer valuable clues for the identification of the appropriate location. The present investigation is confined to latitude 5° 45’ 10.508” N and 5° 47’ 53.309” N and longitude 101° 56’ 29.001” E and 101° 59’ 12.249” E. All across Telaga Bijih Area, Tanah Merah, Kelantan, this research focuses on the terrain investigation of groundwater potential zone by applying the geological mapping method and Geographical Information System (GIS) analyses. Briefly, derived from satellite imagery, topographic, geomorphological and hydrogeological observations, promising locations were delineated in hard rock areas of Telaga Bijih village and its surroundings. Several thematic layers including lineament density, lithology, drainage density, and slope density were created for this purpose using the Geographic Information System ( GIS) application to generate groundwater potential zonation map. The final map of groundwater potential plays a key role while narrowing down the selection of potential zones in the study area. The present investigation is very significant in pinpointing the sites for the establishment of new groundwater wells. The areas in north-western and south-eastern parts around Kelisar, Gual and Air Chanal villages are very promising for groundwater exploration. The establishment of new wells will not only make sure the continuous supply of water to the local people but can also be exported to the other places in the vicinity, thus can prove pivotal in revenue generation.
Ethnobotanical Indices for Traditional Vegetable and Herbal Medicine Species Consumed in Kota Belud, Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Awang-Kanak Fadzilah , Abu Bakar Mohd Fadzelly , Matawali Azlinah 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The difference of traditional vegetable species used in two predominantly Sama Bajau villages: Kampung Taun Gusi and Kampung Menunggui, in Kota Belud, Sabah were determined with different strategies. Similarity of listed species between different villages was determined by using Jaccard’s index of similarity and the most useful plants were evaluated using Frequency of Citation (FC). Use Value (UV) was used to determine the citation of plants during semi-structured interviews. A total of 46 species of traditional vegetables from 41 genera and 25 botanical families were listed from two villages. Jaccard’s index of similarity for ulam species between two localities; Kampung Taun Gusi and Kampung Menunggui is revealed at J = 0.348. Meanwhile Jaccard’s index of similarity for species that have been also served as traditional herbal medicine for both villages is revealed at J = 0.111. In average, informants cited 7.67 ± 3.89 vegetable taxa, the highest frequency citation (FC) calculated for Cosmos caudatus, Centella asiatica, Musa paradasiaca, FC = 0.83 for all three species. Meanwhile the FC calculated for Ipomea batatas, Cucumis sativus, Vigna unguiculata, Artocarpus heterophyllus value at 0.67. Use value for C. caudatus and C. asiatica are both recorded at UV = 1.67. Two species from family Fabaceae recorded UV ≥ 1.00; V. unguiculata (1.33) and Abelmoschus esculentus (1.00). Other species that recorded UV ≥ 1.00; C. sativus (1.33) and Capsicum annum (1.00). There was no significance difference (p > 0.05) between genders and knowledge on traditional vegetables. These data could provide the baseline for preservation of traditional knowledge and for bio-prospecting since some selected vegetables that are also used as traditional medicine. These three species, C. caudatus, C. asiatica, and M. paradasiaca, should be given priority in sustainable management of food plant species in Kota Belud.
Contact Angles of Viscoelastic-Thermal Compression (VTC) Modified Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Laminas
Authors: Albert Charles Michael , Chiang Liew Kang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWood is recognized as hygroscopic material, which tends to absorb moisture from surrounding, thus affecting both physical and mechanical properties of the material itself. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of viscoelastic-thermal compression (VTC) on the contact angles of modified laminas ofParaserianthes falcataria(L.), in correlation with density and wettability of the wood. This low-density wood species was subjected to densification treatment in order to improve its density as well as mechanical properties. VTC is a densification treatment which involved pre-steaming for softening purpose and compression via hot pressing. There were four different pre-steaming durations alongside one control (NS/D: no pre-steaming (control); S1/D: 10 minutes; S2/D: 20 minutes; S3/D: 30 minutes). The laminas underwent contact angle test (sessile drop method) by referring to ASTM D7334-08: Surface Wettability of Coatings, Substrates and Pigments by Advancing Contact Angle Measurement. In addition, basic morphological feature of the laminas was determined by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The contact angle of S1/D (10 minutes) laminas indicated the lowest degree of contact angle, which means it had better wettability; while S3/D (30 minutes) laminas recorded the highest degree of contact angle, therefore having poor wettability.
Plants Diversity in Small Rubber Plantations at Segamat, Johor
Authors: Adnan Nur Safiqah , Abdul Karim Muhammad Firdaus , Mazri Nor Hidayu , Fikri Nadiah Ahmad , Saharizan Nursyakirah , Mohd Ali Nur Basyirah , Amaludin Nazahatul Anis , Zakaria Radhiah 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Species richness in rubber plantations varies considerably with regards to production and management activities. This research was conducted to identify the diversity and richness of common plants in rubber plantations at Segamat, Johor. To answer the question of how rubber plantations owned by local smallholders affects the plant diversity, quadrat random method with 5 x 5 m plotting site was established in three different aged of rubber plantations at Segamat area which are Kg. Sedeng, Kg. Logah and Kg. Jawa. Each of the locations consisted of 10 sampling quadrats making a total of 30 quadrats. The results showed there are a total of 41 species belonging to 36 genera and 24 families in the 30 plots of the three plantations. The most dominant families were Rubiaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Asteraceae. The plants diversity were documented in rubber plantations at different location to record the number of species, the species evenness, similarity index, species richness, abundance parameter and important value index (IV
i
). As for all three locations, the plants species were moderately diverse as the value of Shannon Diversity Index (H’) moving closer to Hmax but all the plotted area within three location showed higher evenness in species distribution. Based the result from density and frequency of abundance parameter, Asystasia gangetica species was the common species in all plantations. For the IV
i
, there was only one species with absolute dominance (higher than 10%) which was Asystasia gangetica with value 13.62% for overall location at Segamat, Johor. In conclusion, the most common species in the smallholder rubber plantations at Segamat, Johor was Asystasia gangetica, Bridelia tomentosa, Ageratum conozoides, Caryota mitis and Melastoma malabathricum. The rubber plantations adopting a minimal or natural management approach were dominated by common weed species and invasive plants. Despite the benefits of maintaining high species diversity for sustaining the gene pool, improving management practices is beneficial to improve yield and productivity.
Mosses of Lowland Forest in Vicinity of Pergau Dam, Jeli, Kelantan
Authors: Norhazrina Nik , Aisyah Munirah , Syazwana Nur , Maideen Haja , Nor Shukor Md 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Mosses of lowland forest between 350 to 640 m above sea level around the Pergau Dam within Gunung Basor Forest Reserve were opportunistically collected, curated and identified. The collection has been carried out along the existing forest trails and all of them were deposited to Herbarium of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKMB). A total of 66 species, four subspecies and 12 varieties in 46 genera and 25 families have been recorded. They represent 27.4% of the 299 taxa, 43.8% of 105 genera and 67.6% of 37 families of mosses recorded in Kelantan, also cover 14.6% of 562 taxa, 28.9% of 159 genera and 53.2% of 47 families of mosses reported in Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 15 taxa are new additions for Kelantan viz. Chaetomitrium leptopoma (Schwägr.) Bosch & Sande Lac., Ectropothecium falcifolium (Dixon) N. Nishim., Fissidens geminiflorus Dozy & Molk. var. geminiflorus, Floribundaria walkeri (Renauld & Cardot) Broth., Garovaglia angustifolia Mitt. var. bogorensis (M. Fleisch.) During, Groutiella tomentosa (Hornsch.) Wijk & Margad., Macromitrium angustifolium Dozy & Molk., Mitthyridium fasciculatum (Hook. & Grev.) H. Rob. subsp. obtusifolium (Lindb.) M. Menzel, Neckeropsis gracilenta (Bosch & Sande Lac.) M. Fleisch., Philonotis bartramioides (Griff.) Griffin & W.R. Buck, P. mollis (Dozy & Molk.) Mitt., P. roylei (Hook. f.) Mitt., Racopilum cuspidigerum (Schwägr.) Åongström, Syrrhopodon albo-vaginatus Schwägr. and Trematodon longicollis Michx. Meanwhile, Sematophyllum subhumile (Müll. Hal.) M. Fleisch. is a new record for Peninsular Malaysia. Based on the findings, the most speciose family documented is Calymperaceae with 12 species, while the largest genus is Fissidens (five species). The majority of the mosses are found as corticolous which grow on the tree trunks.
Gingers Species Diversity and Distribution along a Natural Trail of Lojing Highlands, Kelantan
Authors: Appalasamy Suganthi , Rathamanalan Sarmila , Arsogah Shalini , Harni Sutati , Sam Koh Kay , Amaludin Nazahatul Anis , Geng Boon Jia , Kumaran Jayaraj Vijaya , Arumugam Nivaarani , Subramaniam Sreeramanan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The ginger flora at Lojing Highlands, Kelantan is understudied and poorly recorded. A study was done in this tourist frequented area to determine the diversity of Zingiberaceae. Ginger samples were collected along the natural trail of Lojing Highlands. A total of 18 species from 7 genera of gingers were recorded in Lojing Highlands, Kelantan, namely Alpinia (3 species), Wurfbainia (1 species), Etlingera (6 species), Hornstedtia (1 species), Geostachys (1 species), Globba (4 species), Zingiber (2 species). Raising plantation crops and anthropogenic pressures around this highland could affect the diversity and abundance of the wild gingers population.
Feasibility of Natural Salt-licks for Wildlife-Watching in Segaliud-Lokan Forest Reserve, Sandakan, Sabah
Authors: Wing-Shen Lim , Pui-Mun Yip , Mojiol Andy Russel , Goh Collin , Liau Paul , Yi-Chuang Liaw , John Sanchez Vincent 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Natural salt-licks are well-recognized as wildlife-watching hotspots that can provide visitors with high opportunities for sighting many different outstanding mammals at close-range. Various natural salt-licks were discovered throughout Segaliud-Lokan Forest Reserve (SLFR), but then the physical availability of local mammals at given licks were yet to be examined scientifically by past researchers. Henceforth, this study intended to investigate mammal species that were available for wildlife-viewing at the licks in SLFR. Four natural wet licks that were accessible from the main road and situated close to Sungai Rawog were selected as sampling areas to identify mammal species that visited given licks across different times through camera trapping survey. A total of 676 independent sightings of 12 different mammal species were recorded in 197 trap nights, especially at SL59 and during night-time. Sighted mammal individuals were mainly comprised of large-sized, threatened and non-carnivorous species, where Sambar Deer, Bearded Pig, Orang-utan, and Banteng were identified as the top 4 mammal species that were detected frequently at the licks in SLFR. In sum, it is feasible to conduct wildlife-viewing activity at the licks in SLFR, although further research is required to investigate the actual sighting probability and viewing duration of different mammal species by visitors at given licks and across different times or seasons.
Corbicula fluminae Population and Distribution in Pergau Lakes
Authors: Syed Omar Sharifah Aisyah , Rak Aweng Eh , Hassan Hasimah , Yusoff Akrimah , Hajisamae Sukree , Shukor Aisah Md 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Pergau Lake was one of the spot for harvesting C. fluminae. However, C. fluminae harvesting was prohibited for several years before. Yet, the information on this clam compositions and distribution at this area is still unknown. Therefore, a survey has been done to determine the composition of C. fluminae at five points in Pergau Lakes. The method used for C. fluminae collection of 100m lines per station by boat. The weight per bucket and the size of C. fluminae (length, width and height) were measured using digital venier caliper. Five points were selected but only four points obtaining alive C. fluminae, while in others, only dead C. fluminae were found. There were also differences in the length, height and width of C. fluminae at each point. This shows that the growth rate and lifespan of C. fluminae at each point are different. Therefore, the periodically rotation harvesting method can reduce the mortality of C. fluminae and increase the socio-ecomonic activity in the area.
Termite Species and Structural Pest Identification in Selected Rural Areas of Kelantan, Malaysia
Authors: Mohamed Hassim Alia Diyana , Appalasamy Suganthi , Arumugam Nivaarani 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Termites (order: Blattodea) are insects that playing huge role in organic decomposition, consuming dying wood materials and plants remains. They are commonly found in forest and rural area, where the rural area species are less documented in Malaysia, especially in Kelantan state. This preliminary survey had been done to identify the termite species and also determine the termite that act as a structural pest in the rural area of Kelantan. The aim of this study also to reveal the damages caused by the structrural pest termites in rural area of Kelantan. Termite samplings were conducted at Jeli, Pasir Mas, Tanah Merah, and Bachok areas. The methods used were a casual collection of termites using forceps and a survey regarding the pest conflict related to termites at selected houses. A total of seven species of temites were recorded at the rural area of Kelantan. The highest presence of termite species at the study area was Macrotermes gilvus (four locations), followed by Globitermes sulphureus (three locations). Among the species, M. gilvus, G. sulphureus and Odontotermes javanicus were identified as the species that attack the houses in rural areas of Kelantan. The attacks took place in both wooden and concrete houses. This study provides the details of termite species and termite pest that attack houses in the rural area of Kelantan. The information obtained from this study will be a reference for future research in rural area of Kelantan.
Rehabilitation of Sandy Coastal Areas in Kuala Rompin, Pahang
Authors: Mohamad Azmi Nurcahaya Khairany , Mohamed Mohidin Farah Shahanim 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
After the tsunami incident that hit the coasts of several countries including Southeast Asia in December 2004, effort to protect the coastal areas has been immense. In Malaysia, a committee focusing in rehabilitation of coastal areas were established since 2007 to conduct planting and rehabilitation of coastal areas nationwide. In this study, mixed mangrove associate species namely Callophyllum inophyllum (Bintangor laut), Casuarina equisetifolia (Rhu), Syzygium grandis (Kelat jambu laut), Terminalia catappa (Ketapang) and Fagraea fragrans (Tembusu padang) were planted in Kuala Rompin, Pahang. The main objective of this study is to rehabilitate coastal areas with mixed species. Combinations of organic soil and slow-release fertilizer were applied as part of the improved fertilising technique. The initial growth and survival of saplings planted were measured and data obtained were analyzed using SPSS program. After 17 months of planting, the survival was 66% and Casuarina equisetifolia recorded the highest mean annual increment for height and diameter.
Effect of Temperature on Moisture, Ash and Crude Fat Content in Etak (Corbicula fluminea)Tissue via Modified Oven Smoking Method
Authors: Zaki Bibi Zafirah , Appalasamy Suganthi , Nor Maryana Mohamad , Eh Rak Aweng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Etak salai is a popular traditional snack consumed by the people of Kelantan. Raw etak or scientifically known as Corbicula fluminea, a bivalve which is marinated using special ingredients and undergoes a smoking process before being sold as a local snack. However, some people are sceptical when it comes to the hygiene aspect in the preparation of etak salai. Previous studies have also proven the nutritional values of the smoked etak may be reduced during the smoking method process because carried out openly thus becoming suscepticle to microbial contaminations. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of temperature on moisture, ash and crude fat content of C. fluminea by using a modified oven. The present study focused on the moisture, ash and crude fat content in C. fluminea soft tissue that has undergone the smoking process using a modified oven method, with optimum temperature, air flow and time. Samples were collected from Pasir Mas and Tumpat, Kelantan, Malaysia. Then, the C. fluminea were subjected to proximate composition analysis according to the Association of Official Analytical Chemists standard method (AOAC 2000). The results of smoked C. fluminea in Pasir Mas station shown the moisture (79.71%) and ash (3.70%) were significantly higher (p<0.05) at 75 ° C and 100 ° C, respectively. On the other hand, crude fat content (9.85%) was significantly higher (p<0.05) at 95 ° C in Tumpat station. In conclusion, the smoking method should be improved to ensure the quality and safety of smoked C. fluminea.