bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
13C solid‐state NMR complemented by ATR‐FTIR and micro‐DSC to study modern collagen‐based material and historical leather
Authors: Proietti Noemi , Di Tullio Valeria , Carsote Cristina , Badea Elena 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAncient vegetable tanned leathers and parchments are very complex materials in which both different manufacturing and deterioration processes make their study and chemical characterisation difficult. In this research, solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was applied to identify different tannin families (condensed and hydrolysable) in historical leather objects such as bookbindings, wall upholsters, footwear and accessories, and military apparel. Furthermore, leather deterioration with special focus on collagen gelatinisation was investigated. A comparison with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and micro‐differential scanning calorimetry (micro‐DSC) was also performed to support the 13C CP‐MAS NMR findings and to point out the advantages and limitations of solid‐state NMR in analysing historical and archaeological leathers. A wide database of NMR and FTIR spectra of commercial tannins compounds was also collected in order to characterise historical and archaeological leathers.
Efficacy of electrical stimulation of denervated muscle: A multicenter, double‐blind, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Piccinini Giulia , Cuccagna Cristina , Caliandro Pietro , Coraci Daniele , Germanotta Marco , Pecchioli Cristiano , Padua Luca 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis was a multicenter, double‐blind, randomized clinical trial to investigate the efficacy of electrical stimulation of denervated muscle (ESDM) on recovery of patients with peripheral nerve injuries.MethodsWe enrolled 38 patients with traumatic peripheral nerve injuries with axonal damage and clinical impairment of two muscles, who were randomly treated with real or sham electrical stimulation (ES). Clinical and neurophysiological examinations were performed before treatment, at the end of treatment, and 3 mo posttreatment, by the same physician who was blinded to the ES allocation.ResultsAll patients improved but there was no significant beneficial effect of ESDM compared with sham treatment.ConclusionsThis study failed to demonstrate the efficacy of ESDM for peripheral nerve injuries. However, given the large number of variables related to ES and the heterogeneity in disease etiologies and clinical manifestations, future studies on homogeneous populations using different stimulation protocols may be useful.
Mobility Assessment under Dual Task Conditions in Women With Fibromyalgia: A Test‐Retest Reliability Study
Authors: Murillo‐Garcia Alvaro , Villafaina Santos , Leon‐Llamas Juan Luis , Sánchez‐Gómez Jesús , Domínguez‐Muñoz Francisco Javier , Collado‐Mateo Daniel , Gusi Narcis 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveTo assess the test‐retest reliability of the 10‐step stair ascent test, Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and 10‐meter walking test under dual‐task conditions in patients with fibromyalgia.DesignTest‐retest reliability.SettingsLocal fibromyalgia association and university facilities.ParticipantsThirty‐eight women with fibromyalgia.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresFear of falling and the number of falls in the last year were measured using a visual analogue scale. The 10‐step stair ascent test, TUG test, and 10‐meter walking test were conducted under single‐ and dual‐task conditions. The order between single‐ and dual‐task condition was randomized in both test and retest. Retest measurement was assessed the week following the test.ResultsThe reliability of the performance on the 10‐step stair ascent test under dual and single conditions ranged between good (>0.75 to < 0.9) and excellent (≥0.9), but there were significant differences between test and retest. The reliability of the TUG is between good (≥0.75 to < 0.9) and excellent (≥0.9) under the dual‐task condition as well as moderate (≥0.5 to <0.75) and excellent (≥0.9) under the single‐task condition. The reliability of the 10‐meter walking dual‐task test is between moderate (≥0.5 to <0.75) and good (≥0.75 to < 0.9) under dual‐ and single‐task condition, respectively.ConclusionsThe TUG and 10‐meter walking tests are reliable for assessing mobility under the dual‐task condition in women with fibromyalgia. The performance on the TUG, 10‐step stair ascent, and 10‐meter walking test under single‐ and dual‐task conditions was significantly related to fear of falling. These results may help healthcare professionals and researchers to interpret the effect of interventions in women with fibromyalgia.
Development and validation of an algorithm of diagnostic and procedural codes for the identification of children hospitalized with a tracheostomy in Ontario, Canada
Authors: McKelvie Brianna , Pianosi Kiersten , Chan Jason , Tsampalieros Anne , Benchimol Eric I. , Macdonald Kristian I. , Strychowsky Julie , Vaccani Jean‐Philippe , McNally James D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe requirement for a tracheostomy in children is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare utilization. Easy identification of children with tracheostomies would facilitate important research on this population and provide quality improvement initiatives.AimThe purpose of this study is to determine whether an algorithm of diagnostic and procedural codes can accurately identify children hospitalized with a tracheostomy using routinely collected health data.MethodsChart reviews were performed at the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) and the London Health Sciences Center (LHSC) to establish a true positive cohort of pediatric patients with tracheostomies admitted between 2008 and 2016. A multidisciplinary team developed algorithms of diagnostic and procedural codes contained within the Canadian Institute for Health Information Discharge Abstract Database. Algorithms were tested and refined against the true‐positive and true‐negative cohort. The accuracy of the diagnostic codes related to tracheostomy complications was also evaluated.ResultsA chart review identified 158 unique children with tracheostomies (77 at CHEO, 81 at LHSC) with 901 individual admissions (401 at CHEO, 507 at LHSC). The best algorithms for identifying children with a tracheostomy had a sensitivity and specificity of more than 99%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 94.0% and negative predictive value (NPV) of 100%. The algorithm for the identification of tracheostomy‐related complications had a sensitivity of 76.7%, a specificity of 65%, PPV of 52.3%, and an NPV of 84.7%.ConclusionsThis study provides an algorithm for the accurate identification of children hospitalized in Canada with a tracheostomy, facilitating population‐level epidemiological research and quality improvement initiatives.
Reaction wheel fault‐tolerant finite‐time control for spacecraft attitude tracking without unwinding
Authors: Lee Daero , Leeghim Henzeh 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThis article proposes fault‐tolerant finite‐time attitude tracking control of a rigid spacecraft actuated by four reaction wheels without unwinding problem in the presence of external disturbances, uncertain inertia parameter, and actuator faults. First, a novel antiunwinding finite‐time attitude tracking control law is derived with a designed control signal which works within a known actuator‐magnitude constraint using a continuous nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode (NFTSM) concept. Second, a finite‐time disturbance observer (FTDO) is introduced to estimate a lumped disturbance due to external disturbances, uncertain inertia parameter, actuator faults, and input saturation. Third, a composite controller is developed which consists of a feedback control based on the continuous NFTSM method and compensation term based on the FTDO. The global finite‐time stability is proved using Lyapunov stability theory. Moreover, the singularity and unwinding phenomenon are avoided. Simulation results are conducted under actuator constraints in the presence of external disturbances, inertia uncertainty, and actuator faults and results are illustrated to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. In addition, to show the superiority of the proposed control method over the recently reported control methods, comparative analysis is also presented.
Kinetic Resolution of Racemic 2‐Aryloxy Propionyl Chlorides Using Enantiopure (S)‐3,4‐Dihydro‐3‐methyl‐2H‐[1,4]benzoxazines
Authors: Vakarov Sergey A. , Chulakov Evgeny N. , Sadretdinova Liliya Sh. , Kodess Mikhail I. , Ezhikova Marina A. , Pervova Marina G. , Ganebnykh Ilya N. , Levit Galina L. , Krasnov Victor P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStereoselectivity in the mutual kinetic resolution (KR) of racemic 3,4‐dihydro‐3‐methyl‐2H‐[1,4]benzoxazines and racemic 2‐aryloxy propionyl chlorides was studied. Based on the results obtained, preparative methods for single enantiomers of a series of 2‐aryloxy propionic acids via acylative KR of their racemates with enantiopure (S)‐3,4‐dihydro‐3‐methyl‐2H‐[1,4]benzoxazines have been proposed.
Hierarchically Structured Bifunctional Electrocatalysts of Stacked Core–Shell CoS1−xPx Heterostructure Nanosheets for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Boppella Ramireddy , Park Jaemin , Lee Hyungsoo , Jang Gyumin , Moon Jooho 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe rational design and strategy of obtaining stable bifunctional electrocatalysts with unique functionalities are prerequisite to achieving robust catalytic activity. In this study, a composition‐controlled partial sulfurization/phosphorization strategy to synthesize a doughnut‐like 3D heterostructured electrocatalyst for overall water splitting is proposed, wherein core–shell 2D CoS1−xPx nanosheets decorated with N‐doped carbon are self‐assembled to form a hierarchical 3D architecture. The composition and phase structure in core–shell CoS1−xPx can be readily modified by controlling the liquid phase sulfurization and subsequent phosphorization, thereby modifying the electronic structure and activating the intrinsic active sites. The resulting CoS1−xPx benefits from the unique structural features including high accessible active surface area, adequate amount of reactive sites, intimate interfacial coupling between the components, interconnected electron highway, and accelerated charge/mass transfer ability. Consequently, the optimized CoS0.46P0.54 electrocatalyst achieves a catalytic current density of 10 mA cm−2 at overpotentials as low as 101 and 302 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction, respectively, with outstanding long‐term operational stability in alkaline solution. The CoS0.46P0.54 couple enables an alkaline water electrolysis with a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at a low cell voltage of 1.62 V, comparable to that of the RuO2||Pt/C couple (1.6 V).
Cationic liposomes for generic signal amplification strategies in bioassays
Authors: Hofmann Carola , Kaiser Barbara , Maerkl Susanne , Duerkop Axel , Baeumner Antje J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLiposomes have been widely applied in bioanalytical assays. Most liposomes used bare negative charges to prevent non-specific binding and increase colloidal stability. Here, in contrast, highly stable, positively charged liposomes entrapping the fluorescent dye sulforhodamine B (SRB) were developed to serve as a secondary, non-specific label‚ and signal amplification tool in bioanalytical systems by exploiting their electrostatic interaction with negatively charged vesicles, surfaces, and microorganisms. The cationic liposomes were optimized for long-term stability (> 5 months) and high dye entrapment yield. Their capability as secondary, non-specific labels was first successfully proven through electrostatic interactions of cationic and anionic liposomes using dynamic light scattering, and then in a bioassay with fluorescence detection leading to an enhancement factor of 8.5 without any additional surface blocking steps. Moreover, the cationic liposomes bound efficiently to anionic magnetic beads were stable throughout magnetic separation procedures and could hence serve directly as labels in magnetic separation and purification strategies. Finally, the electrostatic interaction was exploited for the direct, simple, non-specific labeling of gram-negative bacteria. Isolated Escherichia coli cells were chosen as models and direct detection was demonstrated via fluorescent and chemiluminescent liposomes. Thus, these cationic liposomes can be used as generic labels for the development of ultrasensitive bioassays based on electrostatic interaction without the need for additional expensive recognition units like antibodies, where desired specificity is already afforded through other strategies.
The importance of including habitat-specific behaviour in models of butterfly movement
Authors: Evans Luke C. , Sibly Richard M. , Thorbek Pernille , Sims Ian , Oliver Tom H. , Walters Richard J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDispersal is a key process affecting population persistence and major factors affecting dispersal rates are the amounts, connectedness and properties of habitats in landscapes. We present new data on the butterflyManiola jurtinain flower-rich and flower-poor habitats that demonstrates how movement and behaviour differ between sexes and habitat types, and how this effects consequent dispersal rates. Females had higher flight speeds than males, but their total time in flight was four times less. The effect of habitat type was strong for both sexes, flight speeds were ~ 2.5 × and ~ 1.7 × faster on resource-poor habitats for males and females, respectively, and flights were approximately 50% longer. With few exceptions females oviposited in the mown grass habitat, likely because growing grass offers better food for emerging caterpillars, but they foraged in the resource-rich habitat. It seems that females faced a trade-off between ovipositing without foraging in the mown grass or foraging without ovipositing where flowers were abundant. We show that taking account of habitat-dependent differences in activity, here categorised as flight or non-flight, is crucial to obtaining good fits of an individual-based model to observed movement. An important implication of this finding is that incorporating habitat-specific activity budgets is likely necessary for predicting longer-term dispersal in heterogeneous habitats, as habitat-specific behaviour substantially influences the mean (> 30% difference) and kurtosis (1.4 × difference) of dispersal kernels. The presented IBMs provide a simple method to explicitly incorporate known activity and movement rates when predicting dispersal in changing and heterogeneous landscapes.
Open Creative Labs – Treffpunkte für Kreative?
Authors: Schmidt Suntje 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungVor dem Hintergrund einer zunehmenden räumlichen und sozialen Fragmentierung von Erwerbsarbeit hinterfragt der vorliegende Beitrag, inwiefern Open Creative Labs Treffpunkte für Kreativschaffende anbieten und wodurch diese Treffpunkte charakterisiert sind. Hierfür werden zunächst „Dritte Orte“ als Treffpunkte vorgestellt, strukturelle Wandlungsprozesse in Arbeitsmärkten skizziert und Open Creative Labs als neuartige physisch-soziale Arbeitsumgebungen vorgestellt. Dabei soll verdeutlicht werden, dass Open Creative Labs weit mehr als Treffpunkte in der Kreativwirtschaft darstellen.
On the Anatomy of Medical Progress Within an Overlapping Generations Economy
Authors: Frankovic Ivan , Kuhn Michael , Wrzaczek Stefan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe study medical progress within a two-sector economy of overlapping generations subject to endogenous mortality. Individuals demand health care with a view to lowering mortality over their life-cycle. We characterise the individual optimum and the general equilibrium, and study the impact of a major medical innovation leading to an improvement in the effectiveness of health care. We find that general equilibrium effects dampen strongly the increase in health care usage following medical innovation. Moreover, an increase in savings offsets the negative impact on GDP per capita of a decline in the support ratio. Finally, we show that the reallocation of resources between the final goods and health care sector, following the innovation, plays a crucial role in shaping the general equilibrium impact.
How do the green components of urban green infrastructure influence the use of ecosystem services? Examples from Leipzig, Germany
Authors: Palliwoda Julia , Banzhaf Ellen , Priess Jörg A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Context
The pressure on remaining open spaces of urban green infrastructure (UGI) is high due to increasing urbanization and the multiple requirements of a diverse urban population. Thus, a good quality and high capacity for ecosystem services of UGI is crucial to support a good quality of life.

Objectives
This study analyses the influence of tree cover and other green parameters like species richness on ecosystem service use in urban parks and green brownfields. The outcomes contribute to design and management of resilient UGI.

Methods
We assessed the diversity of woody and herbaceous flowering species in 36 study sites with low, medium and high tree cover in the city of Leipzig, Germany. UGI users were counted, and randomly selected visitors (n = 1750) were interviewed about their use of ecosystem services.

Results
We found tree cover in urban parks negatively influencing physical interactions used by respondents. In parks with high tree cover, more respondents were benefitting from regulating services such as noise mediation or shade provision. Brownfield visitors preferred sites with low to medium tree cover, mainly for walking the dog but also for other ecosystem services. Plant species richness did not show significant influence.

Conclusions
Tree cover in parks and brownfields can be a predictor for a range of ecosystem services typically used by visitors, highlighting how vegetation or green structures in UGI can be employed to steer the use. Brownfields provide additional space for complementary ecosystem service use, thus contributing to the avoidance of potential use conflicts in managed UGI like parks.
Development and application of indica–japonica SNP assays using the Fluidigm platform for rice genetic analysis and molecular breeding
Authors: Seo Jeonghwan , Lee Gileung , Jin Zhuo , Kim Backki , Chin Joong Hyoun , Koh Hee-Jong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMolecular markers are efficient and essential genotyping tools for molecular breeding and genetic analysis of rice. We developed two 96-plex indica–japonica single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping sets for genetic analysis and molecular breeding in rice using the Fluidigm platform. Informative SNPs between indica and japonica were selected from SNP data of the Rice Diversity database, HapRice world SNP data of the Q-TARO database, and our 40 rice cultivar resequencing dataset. SNPs in set 1 were evenly distributed across all 12 rice chromosomes at a spacing of 4–5 Mb between adjacent SNPs. SNPs in set 2 mapped to the long genetic intervals in set 1 and included 14 functional or linked SNPs in genes previously cloned and associated with agronomic traits. Additionally, we used the SNP sets developed in this study to perform genetic diversity analysis of various cultivated and wild rice accessions, construction and validation of a subspecies diagnostic subset, linkage map construction and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of a japonica × indica F2 population, and background profiling during marker-assisted backcrossing. Furthermore, we identified subspecies-specific SNPs and discuss their distribution and association with agronomic traits and subspecies differentiation. Our results indicate that these subspecies-specific SNPs were present in wild rice prior to domestication. This genotyping system will serve as an efficient and quick tool for genetic analysis and molecular breeding in rice.
Formation and Evolution of Disks Around Young Stellar Objects
Authors: Zhao Bo , Tomida Kengo , Hennebelle Patrick , Tobin John J. , Maury Anaëlle , Hirota Tomoya , Sánchez-Monge Álvaro , Kuiper Rolf , Rosen Anna , Bhandare Asmita , Padovani Marco , Lee Yueh-Ning 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRecent observations have suggested that circumstellar disks may commonly form around young stellar objects. Although the formation of circumstellar disks can be a natural result of the conservation of angular momentum in the parent cloud, theoretical studies instead show disk formation to be difficult from dense molecular cores magnetized to a realistic level, owing to efficient magnetic braking that transports a large fraction of the angular momentum away from the circumstellar region. We review recent progress in the formation and early evolution of disks around young stellar objects of both low-mass and high-mass, with an emphasis on mechanisms that may bridge the gap between observation and theory, including non-ideal MHD effects and asymmetric perturbations in the collapsing core (e.g., magnetic field misalignment and turbulence). We also address the associated processes of outflow launching and the formation of multiple systems, and discuss possible implications in properties of protoplanetary disks.
The effects of video lecture viewing strategies on cognitive load
Authors: Costley Jamie , Fanguy Mik , Lange Chris , Baldwin Matthew 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIdeally, instruction should be delivered in a way that reduces the processing of information that does not contribute to learning (extraneous load) and increases cognitive processing that contributes to learning (germane load). One way students might effectively manage extraneous load is through specific video lecture viewing strategies to control the flow of information. Extant research provides conflicting perspectives regarding the role of viewing strategies within video lectures in improving learning. This study analyzed survey responses from a group of university students (n = 2012) participating in online classes in South Korea and looked at the mediating effect of video lecture viewing strategies on the relationship between extraneous load and germane load. The results showed that viewing strategies mediated the relationship between extraneous load and germane load. When viewing strategies were added to the model, the large negative relationship between extraneous load and germane load reversed to become a small positive relationship, implying that the negative correlation between extraneous load and germane load can be largely mitigated by students engaging in specific viewing strategies to better understand the content.