bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obesity, the new childhood disability? An umbrella review on the association between adiposity and physical function
Authors: Tsiros Margarita D. , Tian Esther J. , Shultz Sarah P. , Olds Timothy , Hills Andrew P. , Duff Jed , Kumar Saravana 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe adverse physical impacts of childhood obesity are increasingly being recognized. The objective of this study is to examine relationships between physical function and adiposity in youth. An umbrella review searched seven databases from inception to May 2019 for systematic reviews examining associations between adiposity and physical function in 0–20‐year‐olds. Findings were synthesized using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Framework and NHMRC FORM. Seventeen of 21 systematic reviews reported impairments to body function, including cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscle function, balance/coordination, gait biomechanics, pain and injury. Six reviews reported activity restrictions in motor skills, running speed/agility and functional mobility, and two found inverse associations between adiposity and physical health‐related quality of life (p‐HRQOL). Some causal relationships indicated that adiposity inversely predicted p‐HRQOL/CRF and CRF/muscle function inversely predicted adiposity. Assessments of physical function were heterogeneous and impacts on participation in life situations meaningful to the individual were largely unknown. Substantial evidence associates childhood overweight/obesity with reduced physical function. Associations were mainly cross‐sectional, with causative evidence for some outcomes. Comprehensive physical function assessments by qualified health professionals are needed, along with targeted interventions to address deficits. Research should further examine causality of relationships, underlying mechanisms and participation challenges in real‐life contexts.
Long‐term performance of left ventricular leads in cardiac resynchronisation therapy
Authors: Patel Peysh A. , Nadarajah Ramesh , Ali Noman , Tan Felicia , Hammond Charlotte , Burnet Naomi , Cole Charlotte A. , Paton Maria F. , Cubbon Richard M. , Kearney Mark T. , Gierula John , Witte Klaus K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundCardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) confers symptomatic and survival benefits in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). There remains a paucity of data on long‐term performance of left ventricular (LV) leads, particularly with newer quadripolar lead designs.MethodsThis single‐centre study utilised an electronic, outpatient HFrEF database to identify CRT recipients (2008‐2014). The primary endpoint was temporal trend in LV pacing thresholds during follow‐up. Secondary outcomes were complications relating to acute or chronic lead failure and device‐related infections.ResultsTwo hundred eighty patients were included, with mean (±SD) age of 74.2 years (±9.0) and median follow‐up of 7.6 years (interquartile range 4‐9). Mean LV threshold was 1.37 V (±0.73) at implant and remained stable over the study period. No differences were observed based upon lead manufacturer. Compared to non‐quadripolar leads (n = 216), those of quadripolar designs (n = 64) had a lower threshold at 6 months (1.20 vs 1.37 V; P = .04) and at the end of the study period (1.32 vs 1.46 V; P = .04). Patients with HFrEF of ischaemic aetiology had higher thresholds at implant (1.46 vs 1.34 V; P = .05), and this persisted until the end of follow‐up (1.49 vs 1.34 V; P = .03). There was low incidence of acute (0.71%; 2/280) and chronic lead failure (1.79%; 5/280), with four cases (1.43%) of device infection.ConclusionsLV leads in the context of CRT have excellent chronic stability and low rates of adverse events. Those with newer quadripolar lead designs have lower thresholds at initial follow‐up and in the longer term.
The impact of cardiac pacemaker implantation on male sexual function
Authors: Mlynarski Rafal , Mlynarska Agnieszka , Golba Krzysztof S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe possibility of sexual functioning is an important aspect of human life, and sexual disorders have a negative impact on the quality of life and well‐being. The aim of the study was to assess the sexuality and occurrence of sexual dysfunction within 6 months after pacemaker implantation.Methods and ResultsThe study sample was a group of 80 patients with heart rhythm disorders who had been qualified for cardiac pacemaker implantation. The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF)‐15 was completed by all the patients at least 1 day before and 6 months after cardiac pacemaker implantation. The average results of the IIEF for all those who were included before implantation were 41.87 ± 7.57 and were statistically the worst after pacemaker implantation 46.76 ± 6.64; P < .0001. After the implantation of a pacemaker, there was an improvement in all of the subcategories of sexual life for all the men: erectile function P < .0001, orgasmic function P < .0001, sexual desire P < .0001, intercourse satisfaction P < .0001, and overall satisfaction P < .0001.ConclusionsPacemaker implantation had a positive effect on sexual functioning for all the patients. Pacemaker implantation did not affect sexual desire in the patients who were observed. Erectile dysfunction occurred in most of patients both before and after pacemaker implantation.
Facing Rose rosette virus: A risk to European rose cultivation
Authors: Vazquez‐Iglesias Ines , Ochoa‐Corona Francisco M. , Tang Joe , Robinson Rebekah , Clover Gerard R. G. , Fox Adrian , Boonham Neil 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRoses (Rosa) are one of the most valuable ornamental flowering shrubs around the globe. They are susceptible to numerous pathogens that require management, increasing the cost of cultivation. Rose rosette virus (RRV; genus Emaravirus) is a devastating virus that has been spreading since the 1940s in the United States and Canada. It is an emerging risk to European and worldwide rose cultivation, causing symptoms such as witches' broom, malformations, excessive thorn production, and eventually plant death. RRV is transmitted by the eriophyid mite Phyllocoptes fructiphilus and by grafting. Research is being undertaken to understand RRV and to find control measures and resistant cultivars, as they are not currently available. Early detection of the disease is the key to prevent the establishment and spread of RRV and its vector. Different molecular and serological diagnostic methods have been designed and implemented, including ELISA, RT‐PCR, RT‐qPCR, LAMP, and high‐throughput sequencing. RRV infected plants can remain symptomless for long periods, so these diagnostic assays are necessary in conjunction with visual assessment to facilitate early detection. Significant social, economic, and environmental impacts are expected if RRV and its vector establish and spread in Europe. Rose trade between countries is the most likely pathway of introduction of RRV into Europe. In this review we describe current knowledge about RRV, the molecular and serological methods available for the detection of this virus, pathways to entry, and the possible impact if it establishes and spreads in Europe.
Social competence group intervention (SOCO) for children with autism spectrum disorder: A pilot study
Authors: Kylliäinen Anneli , Häkkinen Satu , Eränen Sanelma , Rantanen Kati , Ebeling Hanna , Bölte Sven , Helminen Terhi M. 
Published: August 2020

This study aimed to describe concept of social competence as a theoretical background for social skills group intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A model of social competence comprised of three components: social skills, social performance, and social adjustment. We also examined the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of the manualized Social Competence group intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder (SOCO) using a variety of outcome measures. The nine‐month intervention included children groups, parental support groups and co‐operation with teachers. A pilot study involved 23 children aged 7 to 12 years (n = 16 intervention, n = 7 control) and intervention outcomes were measured with questionnaires for parents and teachers, neuropsychological tests, and observations. The parents of the intervention group reported improvements in social skills and social adjustment, whereas the teachers reported increases in social performance. Findings also indicated that affect recognition skills, social overtures, and reactions to peers were improved in the intervention group. Although the evidence of the pilot study should be considered as preliminary, it gives some indication of the feasibility of the SOCO group intervention and supports the usability of the theoretical background and approach for multiple outcome measures.
The remarkable volcanism of Shastina, a stratocone segment of Mount Shasta, California
Authors: Christiansen Robert L. , Calvert Andrew T. , Champion Duane E. , Gardner Cynthia A. , Fierstein Judith E. , Vazquez Jorge A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Mount Shasta, a 400 km3 volcano in northern California (United States), is the most voluminous stratocone of the Cascade arc. Most Mount Shasta lavas vented at or near the present summit; relatively smaller volumes erupted from scattered vents on the volcano’s flanks. An apron of pyroclastic and debris flows surrounds it.
Shastina, a large and distinct cone on the west side of Mount Shasta, represents a brief but exceptionally vigorous period of eruptive activity. Its volume of ∼13.5 km3 would make Shastina itself one of the larger Holocene Cascade stratovolcanoes. Its andesite-dacite lavas average 63 wt% SiO2 and have little compositional or petrographic variation; they erupted almost entirely from one central vent, although a single vent below Shastina’s north side erupted a flow of the same composition. Eruptions ended with explosive enlargement and breaching of the central crater and successive emplacement of four, more-silicic dacite domes within the crater and pyroclastic flows down its flank. Black Butte, a large volcanic dome and pyroclastic complex below the west flank of Shastina, is petrographically and chemically distinct but only slightly younger than Shastina itself, part of a nearly continuous Shastina–Black Butte eruptive episode.
Shastina overlies the widespread pumice of Red Banks, erupted from the Mount Shasta summit area and 14C dated at ca. 10,900 yr B.P. (calibrated). Shastina and Black Butte pyroclastic deposits have calibrated 14C ages indistinguishable from one another at ca. 10,700 cal. yr B.P. A cognate granitic-textured inclusion in a late Shastina lava flow yields a 238U-230Th date on zircons within error of those ages. Our conclusion that the entire, voluminous Shastina–Black Butte episode lasted no more than a few hundred years is confirmed by almost identical remanent magnetic directions of all of the lavas and pyroclastic deposits. Although extremely similar, the remanent magnetic directions do reveal a short path of secular variation through the eruptive sequence. We conclude that the entire Shastina–Black Butte eruptive episode lasted no more than ∼200 yr.
The magmas that produced the Shastina and Black Butte eruptions were separate individual bodies at different crustal levels. Each of these eruptive sequences probably represents magma approximating a liquid composition that experienced only minimal differentiation or crustal contamination and remained separated from the main central conduit for most eruptions of Mount Shasta. The probability of another rapidly developing, brief but voluminous eruptive episode at Mount Shasta is low but should not be ignored in evaluating future possible eruptive hazards.
Factors promoting physical activity in women with fibromyalgia: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Larsson Anette , Feldthusen Caroline , Mannerkorpi Kaisa 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesTo gain deeper knowledge of factors promoting physical activity in women with fibromyalgia.DesignA qualitative study based on semistructured in-depth individual interviews. Analysed using qualitative content analysis.ParticipantsFourteen women with fibromyalgia, age 38–65, recruited from a previous randomised controlled trial investigating the effects of person-centred progressive resistance exercise compared with relaxation therapy.SettingInterviews were conducted in a hospital setting.ResultsThe analysis resulted in four categories:a desire to be physically active, finding the proper level and creating proper conditions, managing painandgetting it done.ConclusionThis study reveals several factors both personal and environmental, which promote the ability to be physically active when living with pain and other symptoms of fibromyalgia. The participants expressed that, although they had a desire to be physically active, they needed support and guidance from a professional with adequate knowledge to help them find the proper level of exercise. They also expressed a need for the professional to understand their preferences, and to use these preferences as a basis for creating the proper conditions, helping them learn to manage pain and supporting them in getting the exercise done.
Long-term economic outcomes for interventions in early childhood: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Geelhoed Elizabeth , Mandzufas Joelie , George Phoebe , Strahan Ken , Duffield Alison , Li Ian , Cross Donna 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionInvestment in early childhood produces positive returns: for the child, the family and the community. Benefits have been shown to be significant within certain parameters, but a systematic review of the economic evidence across multiple sectors including health, education and social welfare will have the capacity to inform policy relative to the full range of social determinants. This review will take a broad approach, encompassing a range of costs and benefits to enable the identification of the most beneficial investments in early childhood and to highlight gaps in current research.Methods and analysisEconomic evaluations incorporating both costs and long-term outcomes of early childhood interventions and programmes will be included. Outcomes may be valued in monetary units or quantified non-monetary units (eg, quality-adjusted life years (QALY), disability-adjusted life years (DALY)). Results will be expressed as a ratio according to the outcome; with monetary outcomes expressed as cost-benefit ratios or return on investment, and non-monetary outcomes expressed as cost per QALY or DALY. The target population is children aged 0–5 years.Extensive database searches across sectors will be undertaken. The review will involve five phases: defining the research question, identifying relevant studies, selecting studies, extracting and collating data, and summarising and reporting results. The search commenced in 2019 and the expected end date is December 2020.Ethics and disseminationThe findings of this review will inform policymakers and practitioners in public health, education, social welfare and primary care settings. The publication plan includes a series of academic publications, and policy papers prepared and disseminated through Telethon Kids Institute networks. Exemption from ethics approval was granted by the University of Western Australia Human Ethics Office (RA/4/20/5677).PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020145901.
‘Presumptively Initiating Vaccines and Optimizing Talk with Motivational Interviewing’ (PIVOT with MI) trial: a protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial of a clinician vaccine communication intervention
Authors: Opel Douglas J , Robinson Jeffrey D , Spielvogle Heather , Spina Christine , Garrett Kathleen , Dempsey Amanda F , Perreira Cathryn , Dickinson Miriam , Zhou Chuan , Pahud Barbara , Taylor James A , O'Leary Sean T 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionA key contributor to underimmunisation is parental refusal or delay of vaccines due to vaccine concerns. Many clinicians lack confidence in communicating with vaccine-hesitant parents (VHP) and perceive that their discussions will do little to change parents’ minds. Improving clinician communication with VHPs is critical to increasing childhood vaccine uptake.Methods and analysisWe describe the protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial to test the impact of a novel, multifaceted clinician vaccine communication strategy on child immunisation status. The trial will be conducted in 24 primary care practices in two US states (Washington and Colorado). The strategy is called Presumptively Initiating Vaccines and Optimizing Talk with Motivational Interviewing (PIVOT with MI), and involves clinicians initiating the vaccine conversation with all parents of young children using the presumptive format, and among those parents who resist vaccines, pivoting to using MI. Our primary outcome is the immunisation status of children of VHPs at 19 months, 0 day of age expressed as the percentage of days underimmunised from birth to 19 months for 22 doses of eight vaccines recommended during this interval. Secondary outcomes include clinician experience communicating with VHPs, parent visit experience and clinician adherence to the PIVOT with MI communication strategy.Ethics and disseminationThis study is approved by the following institutional review boards: Colorado Multiple Institutional Review Board, Washington State Institutional Review Board and Swedish Health Services Institutional Review Board. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed manuscripts and conference presentations.Trial registration numberNCT03885232.
Gastrointestinal consequences of cancer treatment: evaluation of 10 years’ experience at a tertiary UK centre
Authors: Gadhok Radha , Paulon Emma , Tai Chehkuan , Olushola Tomisin , Barragry John , Rahman Farooq , Di Caro Simona , Mehta Shameer 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveUp to 90% of patients treated for pelvic cancers experience chronic gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. This study characterises this patient cohort at a single centre, addressing a paucity of publications reporting ‘real-world’ experiences.MethodOutpatient referrals, from oncology to the gastroenterology and nutrition services, at a tertiary London hospital from 2006 to 2016, were retrospectively identified. Patient characteristics, reported symptoms, investigations, diagnoses, response to therapeutics and follow-up were recorded.ResultsOf 269 patients referred, 81% were within the latter 5 years. A total of 260 patients had diagnoses of pelvic cancers (prostatic (52%), cervical (19%) and endometrial (19%)). Among 247 treated with radiotherapy, the median time from radiotherapy to symptom onset was 8 months. Common symptoms were rectal bleeding (51%), diarrhoea (32%), faecal urgency (19%) and pain (19%). Patients underwent a median of three investigations including lower GI endoscopy (86%), thyroid function tests (33%) and glucose hydrogen breath test (30%). Diagnoses included radiation proctopathy (39%), colonic polyps (16%), pelvic floor dysfunction (12%), bile acid malabsorption (BAM) (8%), small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) (8%), vitamin D deficiency (7%) and iron deficiency (7%). Among 164 discharged patients, the time to discharge was 7 months, after a median of two appointments.ConclusionsThis unique patient group reports a complex mix of symptoms and requires specialist review and consideration of often uninvestigated diagnoses (pelvic dysfunction, BAM, SIBO and nutritional deficiencies). Such patients are often overlooked, compared with those suffering many other chronic GI disorders. Further reports from non-dedicated centres treating patients with pelvic radiation disease will aid in understanding of secondary GI diagnoses and variation in practice.
Biorefinery potential ofEucalyptus grandisto produce phenolic compounds and biogas
Authors: Poveda-Giraldo Jhonny A. , Cardona Alzate Carlos A. 
Published: August 2020

Vanillin is widely known in the food industry as the main flavoring compound of vanilla. Its natural extraction from the seed is not enough to supply the worldwide vanillin demand; therefore, new chemical routes from biomass have been developed to satisfy the vanillin market. A biorefinery for forest waste valorization could be an opportunity to maximize the economic gains and reduce the environmental impact in an integrated approach. This work demonstrates the experimental production of vanillin and vanillic acid through black liquor oxidation, after alkaline pretreatment of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden chips. Additionally, the remaining solid fraction was valorized by anaerobic digestion. The experimental yields in the oxidation stage were 4.37% and 2.14% (based on lignin) for vanillin and vanillic acid, respectively. The biogas productivity in anaerobic digestion was 163 mL·g volatile solids–1. These values were the basis for the process simulation to analyze the potential for an integrated biorefinery. From an economic perspective, the process is feasible at a minimal processing scale of 8.58 t·h–1. On the other hand, the environmental assessment concludes that the environmental impact is mainly affected by the CO2and CH4emissions from biogas upgrading.
Thin-shell wormholes in de Rham–Gabadadze–Tolley massive gravity
Authors: Tangphati Takol , Chatrabhuti Auttakit , Samart Daris , Channuie Phongpichit 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this work, we study the thin-shell wormholes in dRGT massive gravity. In order to glue two bulks of the spacetime geometry, we first derive junction conditions of the dRGT spacetime. We obtain the dynamics of the spherical thin-shell wormholes in the dRGT theory. We show that the massive graviton correction term of the dRGT theory in the Einstein equation is represented in terms of the effective anisotropic pressure fluid. However, if there is only this correction term, without invoking exotic fluids, we find that the thin-shell wormholes cannot be stabilized. We then examine the stability conditions of the wormholes by introducing four existing models of the exotic fluids at the throat. In addition, we analyze the energy conditions for the thin-shell wormholes in the dRGT massive gravity by checking the null, weak, and strong conditions at the wormhole throat. We show that in general the classical energy conditions are violated by introducing all existing models of the exotic fluids. Moreover, we quantify the wormhole geometry by using the embedding diagrams to represent a thin-shell wormhole in the dRGT massive gravity.