bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Void Elimination Algorithm for Extrusion-Based Layered Manufacturing
Authors: Qiu Dan , Langrana Noshir A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
For extrusion based multi-material layered manufacturing (LM) processes, a CAD system has been developed which generates high quality toolpath for part fabrication. This closed loop CAD system includes solid model design & slicing, single-material toolpath generation, multi-material toolpath generation and virtual simulation modules. The solid model is sliced equally. Intelligent features and adaptive roadwidth optimum toolpath generation algorithm computes void sizes & their location and generates void free toolpath. The virtual simulation visualizes and validates the toolpath generated for the part. When the computed toolpath quality is acceptable, it is sent to the in house hardware Fused Deposition of Multiple Ceramics (FDMC) machine for fabrication.
Application of a Genetic Algorithm for Segmentation of a Ship Hull for FF-TLOM and for 3-Axis Milling
Authors: Koelman Herbert J. , Horváth Imre 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Physical concept modeling and pre-manufacturing prototyping of ship hulls are becoming more and more important due to the strong need for better quality ships, for optimization of the global performance, and for involving the customers in the development process. Physical models are typically scale models, which are used during and after design for various purposes such as shape presentation, arrangement investigation, and hydrodynamic testing. Due to their large size, single piece prototyping of ship hulls is usually not possible. The large-scale models have to be decomposed to manufacturable elements, for example, segments, layers and sectors. This paper presents a genetic algorithm-based decomposition for two specific manufacturing technologies: free-form thick-layered object manufacturing and three-axis high-speed milling. The fabrication tools used in these technologies require an unobstructed access to the cut surface. The proposed segmentation technique allows decomposition of the CAD model of a ship hull into manufacturing segments. The decomposition has been considered a non-gradient optimization problem, for which the developed genetic algorithm can be applied effectively. Examples for segmentation to support FF-TLOM and TA-HSM are presented.
Visualization of Milling Processes on Internet
Authors: Sormaz Dusan N. , Borse Prashant A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In current environment of simultaneous product development, the Internet is being recognized as the best platform for implementation of virtual manufacturing organization located at different global places. This paper represents a step towards the integration of product development teams and introduces a novel method for visualization of manufacturing processes in order to verify the process plans generated. The paper presents the pilot implementation in VRML with JavaScript as a scripting language for dynamic nature of the program. Using the concepts of Geometric representation of the Manufacturing processes a program in C++ language is developed, which supplies data for animation. The results are presented on Internet by developing a web page for Visualization of Manufacturing Processes.
A Mixed Integer Programming Formulation for Generating Shared Press-Brake Setups
Authors: Gupta Satyandra K. , Rajagopal Deepak 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
To enable cost-effective small batch manufacturing, we need to eliminate unnecessary setup operations, improve tool utilization, and thereby increase throughput. In sheet metal bending, the time taken for the actual process of bending is significantly less compared to the time taken for setup and tool changes. Press-brakes for sheet metal bending can be setup to produce more than one type of parts without requiring a setup change. To exploit this flexibility, we need setup planning techniques so that press-brake setups can be shared among many different parts. In this paper, we describe an approach based on mixed integer programming to generate a shared setup for a set of parts. We expect that by producing many different types of parts on the same setup, we can significantly reduce the number of setups required and enable cost-effective small-batch manufacturing.
Possible Sources of Sub-Optimisation in Design for Manufacture: An Initial Survey
Authors: Gregory M. J. , Fan I.-S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper surveys the human and technical problems that may occur in manufacturing and how they may be prevented in design. Advice and guidance on Design for Manufacture was sought from textbooks, journal articles and conference papers that aim to improve the process or report on difficulties. Potential problems are classified and related to the sources of knowledge available to prevent these problems reaching the shop floor. The detail analysis is presented in this paper. This structured approach could assist in planning CE processes, especially communications and teamworking, so that potential problems are addressed in a comprehensive manner so as to minimise the costs, effort and delay needed to avoid them.
Designing a Requirement Driven Product Development Process
Authors: Dong Qi , Whitney Daniel E. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a technique to obtain a Design Structure Matrix (DSM) from a Design Matrix (DM). This technique enables us to obtain the design information flow pattern at early stage of the design, and apply the DSM system analysis and management techniques at the time when the most important decisions about the system and the design are made. The validity of this method is proven using a case study on the design integration process of an electrostatic chuck used in semiconductor wafer processing. The algorithm underlying this technique is also proven logically and mathematically to be valid.
A Methodology for Reusing Freeform Shape Content
Authors: Vergeest Joris S. M. , Horváth Imre , Spanjaard Sander 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The reuse of precedent designs is a significant profit factor in new product development. In industry there is a tendency to enhance the reuse process by applying digital scanning of 3D parts, sampling imported, normative CAD models or by deploying a digital library of design concepts. The data thus obtained should be inserted into the design model. The available techniques typically originate from reverse engineering applications. However, to support shape reuse during conceptual design a dedicated methodology and workflow are needed. Using our methodology, the designer selects existing products, or parts, or portions of them. Then he/she specifies where and how the selected portion should be inserted into the new design. The key issue of the methodology is the explicit distinction between the variables that the designer does or does not wants to control. The underlying technology, including shape matching, shape parameter fitting and shape merging must be mostly invisible to the user, except for those controls that intrinsically affect the resulting shape. One application of the methodology is a freeform feature copy-and-paste facility based on 3D scanning and fitting of existent designs. The technical feasibility of such an approach will be addressed.
Identifying Shared Understanding in Design Using Document Analysis
Authors: Hill Andrew , Song Shuang , Dong Andy , Agogino Alice 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Design as a social activity characterized by information exchange, compromise and negotiation frames much of out understanding of the design process. At the heart of this social activity is the development of a shared understanding of the design problem. The design stakeholders jointly form a shared understanding through a process of defining the problem, exploring the space of solutions and searching for information. A shared understanding is a critical element in successful, collaborative design. This paper describes a formal approach for identifying shared understanding in design by analyzing the documentation. By mining the documentation for signatures of a shared understanding, specifically a common frame of reference and a similar voice, a shared language and vocabulary of the design could emerge. Information management tools built around the shared understanding would be more effective in directing and alerting the design team of relevant information.
Platform Product Development: Product Model — A System Structure Composed of Configurable Components
Authors: Claesson Anders , Johannesson Hans , Gedell Stellan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper describes how the functional behavior and embodiment of design solutions can be modeled using configurable components. The concept of a system structure composed of configurable components is defined and put in context of business requirements as well as in context of design theory and more specifically the chromosome model and function-means-trees. The paper contends that this kind of product description is necessary from a business perspective in order to successfully manage development of derivative products and product variants based on a product platform concept. The concepts presented in this paper is currently being deployed at Saab Automobile as the next logical evolution of product description systems necessary in order to maintain competitiveness in the automotive business.
Transformation of an EGT Grammar: New Grammar, New Designs
Authors: Li Xin , Schmidt Linda , He Weidong , Li Lixing , Qian Yuanmei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Grammars generate design options through the application of predefined rules that transform collections of symbols into more meaningful expressions. Research on the nature of grammars tells us that writing the rules is where the fundamental design activity occurs. Using the grammar rules allows us to explicitly articulate one design at a time. We can exploit the design power of grammars further by modifying a grammar to describe new languages of designs. Here we examine an existing grammar to demonstrate how modifying its rule base to relax an assumption can expand the space of solutions it generates significantly. We show that investing our design attention on the grammar itself can yield dramatic results.
Longitudinal Design Teams: Students Teaching Students
Authors: Rice Janet M. , Allen Robert H. , Shoukas Artin A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We report on the characteristics of our year-long Longitudinal Design Team (LDT) courses, which have been taught since Fall 1998. Our main goal in these courses is to have teams of undergraduates at all educational levels work together solving problems that involve design in biomedical engineering.
Consisting of about ten students, each team is composed mostly of freshmen, who, with the help of upperclassmen mentors and an upperclassman Team Leader, are able to use the knowledge they have gained in their introductory courses and from their life experiences and apply it to biomedical engineering problems. In the Fall semester, teams work on one or two projects, where they design, perform, measure and apply principles of physics to develop an understanding of a bio-mechanical event. In the spring, teams work on individual design projects proposed by “customers.” Faculty mentors interact with the team leaders and they decide how to proceed with their respective projects. Because the course is open to all educational levels, freshman students often reregister for the course as more upper level students. In addition to a learning environment, the design team is also a place for underclassmen to develop relationships with upperclassmen and vice versa. These relationships have proved particularly useful to the freshmen in choosing their courses, as well as in deciding summer and research plans. The upperclassmen are also learning how the knowledge they have gained in their coursework applies to solving practical problems. Although only in operation for three years, others perceive tangible results as well. In particular, the majority of customers are satisfied with the prototypes they receive. These preliminary results indicate that this unique program helps our students become acclimated to our curriculum and in preparing them for their profession.
Maximising Opportunities for Collaboration Between Universities and Small to Medium Size Enterprises
Authors: Burvill Colin R. , Lewis William P. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper is about collaborative relationships between manufacturing industry and universities in Australia, with particular reference to small to medium size enterprises (SME’s) because of their prevalence and their importance to the economies of industrialised countries. To put local conditions in perspective, it should be recorded that the annual output of Australian manufacturing industry currently is in excess of $100 billion (Australian dollars) of which 30% is exported [1]. The role of the Government in promoting collaboration between industry and universities, and the associated knowledge transfer, is exemplified by a senior body sponsored by the Australian Commonwealth Government.
Experiences in Integrating the Product Realization Process Into the Design Curriculum
Authors: Doepker Philip E. , Murray Andrew P. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper outlines many of our experiences in the implementation of the Product Realization Process (PRP) in industry sponsored team design projects. There are three areas of emphasis. The first part reviews the Product Realization Process as implemented in our senior design courses. The second part presents and evaluates the data for the time spent on project phases and the total project. This aspect has been studied previously with industry projects and was found to be a useful way of evaluating projects as related to the PRP. The paper concludes with the lessons learned after 5 years of implementing these projects.
Emphasizing Decision Analysis Techniques in the Design Curriculum
Authors: Bailey Reid , Doepker Phil 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Theoretically strong decision approaches such as utility theory are currently being researched for use in engineering design. Countless ad hoc decision tools have preceded this recent work, yet only a handful of these tools are used by industry or taught in universities. Reasons for the emergence of such a small number of acceptable decision tools are not known. In this paper, the opinions of undergraduate engineering students in an industry-sponsored senior design class and their sponsor mentors are studied to identify reasons why some decision tools are more popular than others. Two established decision tools were introduced to the class and used in the projects. A survey was used to gather student and sponsor opinions about the two tools and important aspects of decision tools. Results indicate a variety of factors influencing the students’ preference of one decision tool, including simplicity, clarity of results, the ability to give more emphasis to certain criteria, and ease of communication of results to their sponsors. Other results from the study include information about strategies for integrating decision tools into a design process and the role of projects in promoting reflection and learning by students.
Early Lessons in Executing Distributed Collaborative Student Design Projects
Authors: Murray Andrew P. , Stevens Jon M. , Smari Waleed W. , Kremer Gregory G. , Marquart Jed E. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper we review two student design projects executed under a geographically distributed protocol. Our pilot design project occurred at the University of Dayton between the 5th and 14th of July, 2000. We assembled a small group of students into a distributed design team and assigned a rudimentary project via an audio chat session. Most team members were prohibited from face-to-face interaction during the ten-day period. To communicate and share data, they were required to use either the set of collaborative tools installed on each member’s personal computer or a telephone. The second project occurred from January to May 2001, involving students from Ohio University, Ohio Northern University and the University of Dayton. There were no artificial restrictions on the interactions amongst the team members as in the pilot project. However, the distance between the students made collaborating in a distributed fashion a necessity. This paper presents an overview of the design projects and the collaborative tools used, observations about our experiences executing design under this protocol, and future directions for this work.
Application of Double Impact Oscillator in Forming
Authors: Peterka František 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The double impact oscillator represents two symmetrically arranged single impact oscillators. It is the model of a forming machine, which does not spread the impact impulses into its neighborhood. The anti-phase impact motion of this system has the identical dynamics as the single system. The in-phase motion and the influence of asymmetries of the system parameters are studied using numerical simulations. Theoretical and simulation results are verified experimentally.
Modeling for Optimization (MO-OP): Tools for Manufacturing and Design Engineering Problems
Authors: Gadallah Mohamed H. , El-Mounayri Hazim 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a new statistical optimization technique is proposed. The technique employs new variance reduction schemes (VRTs). The performance of three standard designs: L27/L27 OA, L54/L27 OA and L243 / L27 OA are studied. These designs, although both orthogonal and balanced, exhibit high variance reduction properties with questionable convergence in very short number of iterations. Four new composite designs are developed, implemented and compared with the standard ones. These designs are known as: 5-, 7-, 9- and 11-point composite L27 OA. The problem of tolerance allocation with optimal process selection is revisited as a case study for simulation. Results indicate the efficiency of these new designs to reduce variances to lower levels than standard designs and better convergence in fraction of experiments. These designs are then integrated in an optimization algorithm previously developed (Gadallah, M.H., 2000). The algorithm is then modified to deal with the least sensitive optimal solutions for standard and composite designs. Particularly, the parameters that affect the algorithm are varied and their effects on performance of algorithm are studied. A standard manufacturing case study is used for analysis and simulation results for the composite designs are also given.
Development and Validation of a S-N Based Two Phase Bending Fatigue Life Prediction Model
Authors: Singh Avinash 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The stress-life (S-N) method along with the Palmgren-Miner cumulative damage theory is the simplest and the most commonly used fatigue life prediction technique. Its main advantage is that the material properties needed are easy to collect and life calculation is simple. However under many variable amplitude loading conditions, life predictions have been found to be unreliable. Various modifications have been proposed to the Palmgren-Miner theory, but they have not lead to more reliable life predictions.
In this paper, a two-stage cumulative damage model will be developed and validated. This model divides fatigue life into two phases — a crack initiation phase and a crack propagation phase. It will be shown that the proposed method results in greatly improved life prediction capabilities. Also, the proposed method retains the simplicity of the S-N based approach in that the material data is still relatively simple to generate and the calculations are straightforward.
A Procedure for Fast Evaluation of High-Cycle Fatigue Under Multiaxial Random Loading
Authors: Li Bin , de Freitas Manuel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a fast evaluation procedure for high-cycle fatigue (HCF) under multiaxial random loading. The recent multiaxial cycle counting method of Wang and Brown is used to identify the loading reversals. For each identified reversal, the effective shear stress amplitude is directly calculated from the component stress ranges by an equation derived from the MCE approach, which is a newly developed method to account for non-proportional loading effect. This shear stress amplitude and the maximum hydrostatic stress during the time period of an identified reversal are used to evaluate the fatigue damage for that reversal by Crossland’s criterion. The fatigue damage of the loading block is then calculated by summing the damages of all the identified reversals by Miner’s rule. Comparisons with other multiaxial HCF approaches show that the procedure is a computationally efficient and conservative engineering approach.
Study of Thin Film-Edge Induced Stresses in Silicon Substrates by Infrared Photoelasticity
Authors: Peng H. J. , Wong S. P. , Zhao Shounan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this work, we shall report the direct observation of the stress field in the silicon substrate induced by an oxide thin film edge using the infrared (IR) photoelastic (PE) method. Our experimental results showed that the earlier analytical solutions cannot give a satisfactory description of the observed IR PE stress fringe patterns. A simple model is developed to treat the stress field under the film edge as a superposition of two contributions. One term is as described by the concentrated force model proposed by Hu which is singular at the thin film edge. The other term is non-singular corresponding to the contribution as described by the bimetallic strip theory. The simulation images of stress fringe patterns are obtained according to this model. Good agreement is found between the simulated and experimental stress fringe patterns. In addition, the effects of film thickness and substrate thickness on the stress distribution in this structure were also investigated.
Comparative Study Between CWT and STFT for On-Line Health Monitoring Applications in Systems Under Random Excitation
Authors: Alonso Raul J. , Noori Mohammad , Masuda Arata , Hou Zhikun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Two time-frequency signal analysis methods, based on results of Continuous Wavelet Transform, and the Short Time Fourier Transform are compare for the purpose of on-line health monitoring application in systems subjected to random loads. A classic example with a simple signal is used to differentiate the characteristics of the two transforms suggesting the possible preference of a Wavelet Transform based approach over the Short Time Fourier Transform. Another example including a single degree of freedom system subjected to random loads proves how the inherent variable window capabilities on the Wavelet Transform perform better than the constant window length nature of the Short Time Fourier Transform for on-line health monitoring application.
Application of Harmonic Wavelet Analysis to Soil Motion Data
Authors: Teymur Berrak , Madabhushi S. P. Gopal 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper presents techniques which employ frequency response and wavelet analysis to identify damage in soils. Experimental data is obtained by dynamic centrifuge modeling. Dynamic centrifuge model experiments generate complex data. Harmonic wavelet analysis provides a good way to analyse them. In this paper the experimental technique will be explained along with typical time-frequency maps. With harmonic wavelet analysis, the signal features that cannot be observed from classical Fourier analysis were seen. Harmonic wavelet analysis provide a new insight into the boundary effects in the Equivalent Shear Beam (ESB) model container used in the experimental work.