bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthcare providers’ and managers’ knowledge, attitudes and perceptions regarding international medical volunteering in Uganda: a qualitative study
Authors: Hayes Fenella , Clark Janet , McCauley Mary 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesThe study sought to explore the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of healthcare providers and health programme managers regarding the benefits, challenges and impact of international medical volunteers’ clinical placements. Views on how to better improve the work of international medical volunteers and the volunteer organisation Voluntary Service Overseas (VSO) for the benefit of local communities were also explored.SettingsPublic healthcare facilities, VSO offices in Gulu and VSO offices in Kampala, Uganda.ParticipantsUgandan healthcare providers (n=11) and health programme managers (n=6) who had worked with or managed international medical volunteers.InterventionsData collection was conducted using key informant interviews. Transcribed interviews were coded by topic and grouped into categories. Thematic framework analysis using NVivo identified emerging themes.ResultsBoth healthcare providers and managers reported a beneficial impact of volunteers and working with the volunteer organisation (clinical service provision, multidisciplinary teamwork, patient-centred care, implementation of audits, improved quality of care, clinical teaching and mentoring for local healthcare providers); identified challenges of working with volunteers (language barriers and unrealistic expectations) and the organisation (lack of clear communication and feedback processes); and provided recommendations to improve volunteer placements and working partnership with the organisation (more local stakeholder input and longer placements). Most healthcare providers were positive and recommended that volunteers are enabled to continue to work in such settings if resources are available to do so.ConclusionsHealthcare providers based in a low-resource setting report positive experiences and impacts of working with international medical volunteers. Currently, there is lack of local feedback processes, and the establishment of such processes that consider local stakeholder reflections requires further strengthening. These would help gain a better understanding of what is needed to ensure optimal effectiveness and sustainable impact of international medical volunteer placements.
Rotator cuff unloading versus loading exercise program in the conservative treatment of patients with rotator cuff tear: protocol of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ribeiro Larissa Pechincha , Cools Ann , Camargo Paula Rezende 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionAtraumatic and degenerative rotator cuff tears are common in individuals over 55 years of age. This condition can have a high impact on social life and is associated with chronic pain, weakness and dysfunction of the upper limb. There is evidence that conservative approaches should be the first treatment option. Conservative treatment usually addresses a variety of therapeutic behaviours without providing scientific arguments for the choice and progression of exercises.ObjectiveTo compare the effects of two different exercise programmes based on the load of the rotator cuff on a population with shoulder pain and rotator cuff tears.Methods and analysisThis is a controlled, randomised, blinded clinical trial. Seventy-eight individuals with shoulder pain and presence of atraumatic and degenerative rotator cuff tear will participate and will be randomly distributed between two groups. The primary outcome will be quality of life (The Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index), and secondary outcomes will include pain, function (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand), fear avoidance beliefs (Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire-Brazil), kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale), Pain Catastrophizing Scale, muscle strength of abductors, external and internal rotators of the shoulder, range of motion of arm elevation and patient satisfaction. The treatment will be performed for 12 weeks (2 x/week) acording to the selected group (Rotator Cuff Unloading x Rotator Cuff Loading Exercise Programme).Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board. The findings of the trial will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences.Trial registration numberNCT03962231.
Access to infertility evaluation and treatment in two public fertility clinics and the reasons for withholding it: a prospective survey cohort study of healthcare professionals
Authors: Elenis Evangelia , Skoog Svanberg Agneta , Leandersson Pia , Lind Judith , Sydsjö Gunilla 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesStudy the proportion of patients affected by involuntary childlessness who are denied fertility treatment and the reasons behind this in a publicly funded healthcare system.DesignSurvey study using prospectively collected information by healthcare professionals.SettingTwo university-affiliated fertility clinics in Sweden.ParticipantsSingle women and couples in heterosexual and homosexual relationships seeking fertility evaluation and treatment between November 2017 and April 2018 (943 individual cases).Primary and secondary outcome measuresNumber and proportion of individuals who were either denied, delayed or granted fertility treatment directly. Furthermore, the reasons behind delaying or completely withholding treatment.ResultsThe majority of those seeking evaluation were heterosexual couples (75%), while 14% were single women and 7.5% were same-sex couples. The great majority of those undergoing evaluation were granted treatment either directly (85%) or after in-depth evaluation (7.5%), while 7.5% were denied treatment. Among those who were denied treatment, there were a greater proportion of single women and couples seeking treatment with donated gametes. Among heterosexual couples, gamete origin was not associated with treatment refusal. Although age did not differ between those granted and denied treatment, a higher body mass index (in both recipient and partner, when applicable) was observed among those being refused treatment. Fertility specialists in Sweden focused their assessment on parental factors that may indirectly entail a risk of harm to the future child, such as medical and psychiatric conditions of the individuals involved, their financial constraints and other social reasons, substance abuse and female obesity.ConclusionBeing single or receiving treatment with donated gametes can both be reasons for withholding fertility treatment. Although difficult to operationalise, parenting assessment in Sweden is employed interchangeably in treatments with donated gametes (legally mandated assessment) and even autologous gametes (non-legally mandated assessment)—making evident a need for clear official policy guidelines regulating these assessments and the provision of treatment.
Patients’ and kidney care team’s perspectives of treatment burden and capacity in older people with chronic kidney disease: a qualitative study
Authors: Hounkpatin Hilda O , Leydon Geraldine M , Veighey Kristin , Armstrong Kirsten , Santer Miriam , Taal Maarten W , Annells Pete , May Carl , Roderick Paul J , Fraser Simon DS 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveChronic kidney disease (CKD) is often a multimorbid condition and progression to more severe disease is commonly associated with increased management requirements, including lifestyle change, more medication and greater clinician involvement. This study explored patients’ and kidney care team’s perspectives of the nature and extent of this workload (treatment burden) and factors that support capacity (the ability to manage health) for older individuals with CKD.DesignQualitative semistructured interview and focus group study.Setting and participantsAdults (aged 60+) with predialysis CKD stages G3–5 (identified in two general practitioner surgeries and two renal clinics) and a multiprofessional secondary kidney care team in the UK.Results29 individuals and 10 kidney team members were recruited. Treatment burden themes were: (1) understanding CKD, its treatment and consequences, (2) adhering to treatments and management and (3) interacting with others (eg, clinicians) in the management of CKD. Capacity themes were: (1) personal attributes (eg, optimism, pragmatism), (2) support network (family/friends, service providers), (3) financial capacity, environment (eg, geographical distance to unit) and life responsibilities (eg, caring for others). Patients reported poor provision of CKD information and lack of choice in treatment, whereas kidney care team members discussed health literacy issues. Patients reported having to withdraw from social activities and loss of employment due to CKD, which further impacted their capacity.ConclusionImproved understanding of and measures to reduce the treatment burden (eg, clear information, simplified medication, joined up care, free parking) associated with CKD in individuals as well as assessment of their capacity and interventions to improve capacity (social care, psychological support) will likely improve patient experience and their engagement with kidney care services.
Validity of a 3-dimensional body scanner: comparison against a 4-compartment model and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
Authors: Cabre Hannah E. , Blue Malia N.M. , Hirsch Katie R. , Brewer Gabrielle J. , Gould Lacey M. , Nelson Alyson G. , Smith-Ryan Abbie E. 
Published: December 2020

Three-dimensional (3D) body scanner technology for body composition assessment is expanding. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of a 3D body scanner. One hundred and ninety-four participants (43% male; age: 23.52 ± 5.47 years; body mass index: 23.98 ± 3.24 kg·m−2) were measured using 3D scanner and a 4-compartment (4C) model utilizing dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), air displacement plethysmography, and bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy. Dependent t tests, validity statistics including total error (TE), standard error of the estimate, constant error, and Bland–Altman analyses were utilized. Compared with 4C, 3D scanner fat mass (FM) [mean difference (MD; 3D−4C): 2.66 kg ± 3.32 kg] and percent body fat (%BF) (MD: 4.13% ± 5.36%) were significantly (p < 0.001) over-predicted; fat free mass (FFM) was significantly underpredicted (MD: −3.15 kg ± 4.75 kg; p < 0.001). 3D demonstrated poor validity indicated by TE (%BF: 5.61%; FM: 4.50 kg; FFM: 5.69 kg). In contrast, there were no significant differences between 3D and DXA measures; 3D scanner demonstrated acceptable measurement for %BF (TE: 4.25%), FM (TE: 2.92 kg), and lean mass (TE: 3.86 kg). Compared with the 4C criterion, high TE values indicated 3D estimates were not valid. In contrast, 3D estimates produced acceptable measurement agreement when compared with DXA; an average overestimation of %BF by 5.31% (vs. 4C) and 4.20% (vs. DXA) may be expected. Novelty: 3D body composition estimates are not valid compared with the 4-C criterion model. 3D estimates appeared to be more valid in females, compared with males. When compared with DXA, 3D estimates were acceptable.
Gold nanoparticle decorated rGO-encapsulated metal-organic framework composite sensor for the detection of dopamine
Authors: Yang Shaoming , Zhang Jian , Bai Chaopeng , Deng Kaiqiang 
Published: December 2020

In this study, by encapsulation of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) into Ni-based metal–organic framework (Ni-MOF) structure, the composite rGO@Ni-MOF was first prepared. Then, gold nanoparticle (AuNP) decorated rGO@Ni-MOF (rGO@Ni-MOF/AuNP) were obtained through the electrodeposition. The morphology and structure of rGO@Ni-MOF/AuNP were characterized by SEM, FTIR, and XRD. The rGO@Ni-MOF/AuNP modified electrode was used for the detection of dopamine. Combining the catalysis from Ni-MOF and AuNP with the conductivity of rGO endowed rGO@Ni-MOF/AuNP with synergetic high catalytic activity to the electrochemical oxidation of dopamine. The developed modified electrode had a good linear relationship with dopamine in the concentration range of 0.5∼120 μM, and the detection limit was 0.33 μM (S/N = 3). Additionally, the potential interferents, electrode stability, reproducibility, and practical applications were also studied and satisfactory results were obtained.
A Review of the Impact of COVID-19 on Male Reproduction, and its Implications on Assisted Reproductive Technology Services
Authors: Hinting Aucky , Agustinus  , Pakpahan Cennikon 
Published: December 2020

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) became an established pandemic in 2020. The presence of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) in male reproductive organ are considered as a potential for susceptibility of these organs to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Review: Spermatogonia are the only cells that express ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the testis, but the cells which co-express both genes are rare (0.05% of cells). Based on this co-expression, sperm are unlikely to be susceptible to infection by SARS-CoV-2. However, the co-expression of receptor basigin (BSG/CD147) and cathepsin L (CTSL) in primary spermatocytes, Leydig cells, myoid cells, endothelial cells, and spermatogonia might increase the testicular susceptibility to this viral infection. Testicular pain and discomfort have been reported in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Postmortem examination also reported seminiferous tubular injury, reduced Leydig cells, and mild lymphocytic inflammation in COVID-19 patients. Compensated hypogonadism has been documented while the impact of COVID-19 on the semen quality is inconclusive. There is only one study that reported the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in semen but, is not supported by other studies with better methods. The association between SARS-CoV-2 and assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcome is surrounded by some uncertainties. Recommendations have been made to reduce the risk of viral transmission to patients, staff, gametes, and embryos. Summary: There is no definite correlation between SARS-CoV-2 infection and male reproductive system. However, a high level of vigilance is still required in services which involve the reproductive system.
Thrombus Migration and Fragmentation After Intravenous Alteplase Treatment
Authors: Ohara Tomoyuki , Menon Bijoy K. , Al-Ajlan Fahad S. , Horn MacKenzie , Najm Mohamed , Al-Sultan Abdulaziz , Puig Josep , Dowlatshahi Dar , Calleja Sanz Ana I. , Sohn Sung-Il , Ahn Seong H. , Poppe Alexandre Y. , Mikulik Robert , Asdaghi Negar , Field Thalia S. , Jin Albert , Asil Talip , Boulanger Jean-Martin , Letteri Federica , Dey Sadanand , Evans James W. , Goyal Mayank , Hill Michael D. , Almekhlafi Mohammed , Demchuk Andrew M. ,   for INTERRSeCT Study Investigators
Published: December 2020

Background and Purpose:
There is interest in what happens over time to the thrombus after intravenous alteplase. We study the effect of alteplase on thrombus structure and its impact on clinical outcome in patients with acute stroke.

Methods:
Intravenous alteplase treated stroke patients with intracranial internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery occlusion identified on baseline computed tomography angiography and with follow-up vascular imaging (computed tomography angiography or first run of angiography before endovascular therapy) were enrolled from INTERRSeCT study (Identifying New Approaches to Optimize Thrombus Characterization for Predicting Early Recanalization and Reperfusion With IV Alteplase and Other Treatments Using Serial CT Angiography). Thrombus movement after intravenous alteplase was classified into complete recanalization, thrombus migration, thrombus fragmentation, and no change. Thrombus migration was diagnosed when occlusion site moved distally and graded according to degrees of thrombus movement (grade 0–3). Thrombus fragmentation was diagnosed when a new distal occlusion in addition to the primary occlusion was identified on follow-up imaging. The association between thrombus movement and clinical outcome was also evaluated.

Results:
Among 427 patients in this study, thrombus movement was seen in 54% with a median time of 123 minutes from alteplase administration to follow-up imaging, and sub-classified as marked (thrombus migration grade 2–3 + complete recanalization; 27%) and mild to moderate thrombus movement (thrombus fragmentation + thrombus migration grade 0–1; 27%). In patients with proximal M1/internal carotid artery occlusion, marked thrombus movement was associated with a higher rate of good outcome (90-day modified Rankin Scale, 0–2) compared with mild to moderate movement (52% versus 27%; adjusted odds ratio, 5.64 [95% CI, 1.72–20.10]). No difference was seen in outcomes between mild to moderate thrombus movement and no change. In M1 distal/M2 occlusion, marked thrombus movement was associated with improved 90-day good outcome compared with no change (70% versus 56%; adjusted odds ratio, 2.54 [95% CI, 1.21–5.51]).

Conclusions:
Early thrombus movement is common after intravenous alteplase. Marked thrombus migration leads to good clinical outcomes. Thrombus dynamics over time should be further evaluated in clinical trials of acute reperfusion therapy.
Single Mothers’ Livelihoods in Rural North Central Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Tuan Anh , Vo Cam Ly Thi , Vu Binh Minh Thi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Single mothers in rural North Central Vietnam face many difficulties in earning their livelihoods. Since they deviate from the norms of the patriarchal family, many do not find it easy to obtain support from their own relatives or access livelihood assets from their parents. As units of production, their households lack the support from the relatives of spouses that are normally available to married women and face discrimination in accessing livelihood capital. Finally, the stigma induced by the state-sponsored notion of the ‘Happy Family’ acts as a social deterrent to their pursuit of the good life. Thus, regardless of their efforts to make a living, many single mothers find themselves unable to improve their income and reduce poverty. Despite greater social acceptance of single motherhood, their experiences suggest that the good life in Vietnam today remains invested in the ideal of heterosexual marriage reproduced by state discourses and enduring patriarchal ideas and practices.
Hans Kelsen and Court-Ordered Apology in Taiwan: A Critical Analysis of Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 656 [2009]
Authors: Huang David KC , Li Nigel NT 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The rule of ‘Li’ (De-Zhi), which embraces the spirit that morality and law are one, historically underpinned China’s legal institution. Even though it is no longer recognised in Taiwan’s legal institutions, it still influenced judges when they had to decide whether a court-ordered apology should be constitutional. A critical analysis of Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 656 [2009] through the lens of Hans Kelsen’s pure theory lays bare the quandary facing the judiciary in a Confucian society, that whilst the judiciary appreciated the merits of the rule of law, it hesitated to tell the people that morality is not law.
Religious Minorities’ Rights in the Iranian Constitution of 1906 and the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Authors: Najafinejad Alireza , Goudarzi Masoumeh Rad 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Although Christian, Jewish, and Zoroastrian minorities form less than two per cent of the Iranian population, the recognition of their official rights and the institutionalised legal discrimination against them has been a matter of a long conflict between minority rights activists and Muslim jurists since the Constitutional Revolution in 1905. The major part of this controversy relates to the assumed status of non-Muslims in traditional Shi’a jurisprudence. The present study examines and assesses the recognised status and rights of religious minorities in the two constitutions of 1906 and 1979 and their development. Although, due to the formation of new recitations in Shi’a jurisprudence, some changes have been made in identifying the fundamental rights of religious minorities, the domination of the general spirit of the rulings in Shi’a jurisprudence in the formulation of both constitutions means there is still a long way to go before recognising equal human rights for all.
Potential Role of Irreversible Moist Processes in Modulating Tropical Cyclone Surface Wind Structure
Authors: Wang Danyang , Lin Yanluan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTropical cyclone (TC) wind structure is important for its intensity change and induced damage, but its modulating factors remain to be explored. A heat-engine-based surface wind structure parameter α, reflecting TC’s relative compactness, is introduced and derived based on an entropy budget framework. We found that α is modulated by three key parameters: the thermodynamic efficiency ϵPI in potential intensity theory, the Carnot efficiency ϵC of the system, and the degree of irreversibility αirr of the system. A higher αirr contributes to a larger α and a lower heat engine efficiency. An expression linking TC intensity and compactness also emerges under this framework. Idealized simulations of a typical moist TC (CTL), a dry (DRY) TC, and a moist reversible TC (REV; in which hydrometeors do not fall out) evinced that the significantly higher αirr in CTL, due to irreversible entropy productions from precipitation dissipation, water vapor diffusion, and irreversible phase changes, contributes to its much larger compactness compared to DRY and REV. The study illustrates the importance of irreversible entropy production processes in modulating TC surface wind field. Simple estimate suggests that α will increase due to a hypothesized increased αirr with warming because of increased water content. This indicates that TCs will become more compact in a warmer climate.
Primary Reattachment of Near-Complete Ear Amputation: A Successful Outcome
Authors: D’Arcangelo Mauro , Al-Ali Mohamed A. , Abu-Zidan Fikri M. 
Published: December 2020

Objectives: Traumatic amputation of the ear constitutes a great aesthetic deformity that can have a tremendous negative impact. Reports describing the survival of near-complete ear amputation using non-microsurgical replantation are scarce. We aimed to study the surgical outcome of patients with near-complete ear amputations supplied by small pedicle bridges that were treated with primary reattachment. Methods: We retrospectively studied patients with near-complete ear amputation who were admitted at Al Ain Hospital from January 2016 to December 2019. Results: Five patients were studied. The most common mechanism of injury was motor vehicle injury, followed by cutting injury. The skin pedicle was inferior in 3 (60%) patients of patients. The median width of the skin pedicles was 8.5 mm. The median interval between the injury and the surgical management was 4 hours. All patients underwent primary reattachment of the ear without microsurgery. One patient developed a small area of necrosis of the ear lobe. All patients recovered with a completely healed pinna and satisfactory overall appearance. Conclusions: Primary reattachment without microsurgery of the near-complete ear amputation can be safely performed in the presence of an intact skin pedicle. It can achieve an aesthetically satisfactory outcome without severe complications.