bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Video Versus Direct and Augmented Direct Laryngoscopy in Pediatric Tracheal Intubations
Authors: Kaji Amy H. , Shover Carolyn , Lee Jennifer , Yee Lisa , Pallin Daniel J. , April Michael D. , Carlson Jestin N. , Fantegrossi Andrea , Brown Calvin A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesWith respect to first‐attempt intubation success, the pediatric literature demonstrates either clinical equipoise or superiority of direct laryngoscopy (DL) when compared to video laryngoscopy (VL). Furthermore, it is unknown how VL compares to DL, when DL is “augmented” by maneuvers, such as optimal external laryngeal manipulation (OELM), upright or ramped positioning, or the use of the bougie. The objective of our study was to compare first‐attempt success between VL and all DL, including “augmented DL” for pediatric intubations.MethodsWe analyzed the National Emergency Airway Registry database of intubations of patients < 16 years. Variables collected included patient demographics, body habitus, impression of airway difficulty, intubating position, reduced neck mobility, airway characteristics, device, medications, and operator characteristics, adjusted for clustering by center. Primary outcome was the difference in first‐attempt success for DL and augmented DL versus VL. Secondary outcomes included adverse events. In a planned sensitivity analysis, a propensity‐adjusted analysis for first‐attempt success and a subgroup analysis of children < 2 years was also performed.ResultsOf 625 analyzable pediatric encounters, 294 (47.0%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 25.1% to 69.0%) were DL; 332 (53.1%, 95% CI = 31.0% to 74.9%) were VL. Median age was 4 years (interquartile range = 1 to 10 years); 225 (36.0%, 95% CI = 30.8% to 41.2%) were < 2 years. Overall first‐pass success was 79.6% (95% CI = 74.1% to 84.9%). VL first‐pass success was 278/331 (84.0%) versus 219/294 for DL (74.5%), adjusted for clustering (odds ratio [OR] = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.3 to 2.5). Multivariable regression showed that VL yielded a higher odds of first‐attempt success than DL augmented by OELM or use of a bougie (adjusted OR = 5.5, 95% CI = 1.7 to 18.1). Propensity‐adjusted analyses supported the main results. Subgroup analysis of age < 2 years also demonstrated VL superiority (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.1 to 3.3) compared with DL. Adverse events were comparable in both univariate and multivariable analysis.ConclusionsWhen compared to DL, VL was associated with higher first‐pass success in this pediatric population, even in the subgroup of patients < 2 years, as well as when DL was augmented. There were no differences in adverse effects between DL and VL.
Trends in antidepressant use among children and adolescents: a Scandinavian drug utilization study
Authors: Wesselhoeft R. , Jensen P. B. , Talati A. , Reutfors J. , Furu K. , Strandberg‐Larsen K. , Damkier P. , Pottegård A. , Bliddal M. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveTo compare antidepressant utilization in individuals aged 5–19 years from the Scandinavian countries.MethodsA population‐based drug utilization study using publicly available data of antidepressant use from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.ResultsIn the study period from 2007 to 2017, the proportion of antidepressant users increased markedly in Sweden (9.3–18.0/1000) compared to Norway (5.1–7.6/1000) and Denmark (9.3–7.5/1000). In 2017, the cumulated defined daily doses (DDD) of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were 5611/1000 inhabitants in Sweden, 2709/1000 in Denmark, and 1848/1000 in Norway. The use of ‘other antidepressants' (ATC code N06AX) also increased in Sweden with a higher DDD in 2017 (497/1000) compared to Denmark (225/1000) and Norway (170/1000). The use of tricyclic antidepressants was generally low in 2017 with DDDs ranging between 30–42 per 1000. The proportion of antidepressant users was highest among 15‐ to 19‐year‐old individuals. Girls were more likely to receive treatment than boys, and the treated female/male ratios per 1000 were similar in Sweden (2.39), Denmark (2.44), and Norway (2.63).ConclusionEven in highly comparable healthcare systems like the Scandinavian countries', variation in antidepressant use is considerable. Swedish children and adolescents have a markedly higher and still increasing use of antidepressants compared to Danish and Norwegian peers.
Trends in gamma‐hydroxybutyrate‐related harms based on ambulance attendances from 2012 to 2018 in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Arunogiri Shalini , Moayeri Foruhar , Crossin Rose , Killian Jessica J. , Smith Karen , Scott Debbie , Lubman Dan I. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground and aimsAlthough the prevalence of gamma‐hydroxybutyrate (GHB) use is relatively low globally, harms related to the drug appear to be increasing. Few existing studies present reliable, representative, population‐level data on GHB‐related harms. The aim of this study was to investigate trends in acute GHB‐related harms within an ambulance database in Australia.Design, setting and participantsCross‐sectional, retrospective analysis of data on all GHB‐related ambulance attendances in the state of Victoria, Australia during a 7‐year period (January 2012–December 2018)MeasurementsPresentations were characterized based on patient demographics, transport to hospital, co‐occurring substance use (i.e. GHB only, alcohol, methamphetamine, heroin, benzodiazepine and cannabis) and clinical presentation (e.g. symptoms of anxiety, psychosis, depression).FindingsThere were 5866 GHB‐related ambulance attendances between 2012 and 2018, with the prevalence rate increasing from 8.8 per 100 000 population in 2012 to a maximum of 21.7 per 100 000 population in 2017. Methamphetamine [odds ratio (OR) = 6.23, P < 0.001] and benzodiazepine‐related (OR = 1.43, P < 0.001) co‐occurrences; ages between 18–29 (OR = 6.58, P < 0.001) and 30–39 years (OR = 2.02, P < 0.001); and male gender (OR = 1.23, P < 0.001) were significant predictors of GHB‐related attendances.ConclusionsThere has been a 147% increase in the prevalence of GHB‐related ambulance attendances in Victoria, Australia between 2012 and 2019, largely attributable to a growth in the proportions of people using gamma‐hydroxybutyrate alone or concurrently with methamphetamine.
The financial burden of acute odontogenic infections: the South Australian experience
Authors: Han J , Liau I , Bayetto K , May B , Goss A , Sambrook P , Cheng A 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundAcute odontogenic infections are a common surgical emergency managed by public hospitals in Australia which cause considerable patient morbidity and occasionally, mortality. Despite posing a significant public health burden, Australian data evaluating the cost of the management of these patients are lacking. This study assessed the patient and treatment variables associated with inpatient management of deep odontogenic infections, and their respective financial impact, at a statewide Oral & Maxillofacial service.MethodsA retrospective audit was carried out of patients with deep odontogenic infections at our institution, over a 7‐year period. The primary outcome was the total cost of admission. Secondary outcomes included treatment received, operating room time, return‐to‐theatre, length of admission (LOS), and intensive care unit (ICU) use. Cost variables were assessed against the total LOS and ICU use to determine clinical predictors affecting outcome.ResultsFour hundred and sixty two patients met the inclusion criteria. The average cost per patient was $12 228 Australian Dollars. After multivariate analysis, variables most significantly associated with increased cost of care and LOS were high‐risk infections with airway compromise, high admission white cell count and age.ConclusionHospital‐based management of deep‐space odontogenic infections engender significant costs compared to early primary care intervention such as a dental extraction ($181/extraction).
Trajectories of home nursing use for older women in Melbourne, Australia: 2006‐2015
Authors: Dickins Marissa , Joe Angela , Enticott Joanne , Ogrin Rajna , Lowthian Judy 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo profile changes in older women accessing home nursing between 2006 and 2015, focussing on living circumstances.MethodsData pertaining to Australian women aged 55+ who accessed a home nursing service between 2006 and 2015 were analysed, stratified by living status. Comparisons were made between the years 2006 and 2015; rates and relative rates of use per 1000 clients were calculated.ResultsFewer women lived alone in 2015 compared with 2006. Women were older, less likely to be born in Australia, speak English at home, had more diagnoses and higher average Charlson Comorbidity Index scores in 2015. Relative rates of service use for older women living with others increased slightly over the 10 years, while decreasing by 13% for those living alone.ConclusionWomen using home nursing services are older than previously, more medically complex, more likely to be born from countries other than Australia and speak a preferred language other than English.
A comparison of a prototype electromyograph vs. a mechanomyograph and an acceleromyograph for assessment of neuromuscular blockade
Authors: Bowdle A. , Bussey L. , Michaelsen K. , Jelacic S. , Nair B. , Togashi K. , Hulvershorn J. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThe extent of neuromuscular blockade during anaesthesia is frequently measured using a train‐of‐four stimulus. Various monitors have been used to quantify the train‐of‐four, including mechanomyography, acceleromyography and electromyography. Mechanomyography is often considered to be the laboratory gold standard of measurement, but is not commercially available and has rarely been used in clinical practice. Acceleromyography is currently the most commonly used monitor in the clinical setting, whereas electromyography is not widely available. We compared a prototype electromyograph with a newly constructed mechanomyograph and a commercially available acceleromyograph monitor in 43 anesthetised patients. The mean difference (bias; 95% limits of agreement) in train‐of‐four ratios was 4.7 (−25.2 to 34.6) for mechanomyography vs. electromyography; 14.9 (−13.0 to 42.8) for acceleromyography vs. electromyography; and 9.8 (−31.8 to 51.3) for acceleromyography vs. mechanomyography. The mean difference (95% limits of agreement) in train‐of‐four ratios between opposite arms when using electromyography was −0.7 (−20.7 to 19.3). There were significantly more acceleromyography train‐of‐four values > 1.0 (23%) compared with electromyography or mechanomography (2–4%; p < 0.0001). Electromyography most closely resembled mechanomyographic assessment of neuromuscular blockade, whereas acceleromyography frequently produced train‐of‐four ratio values > 1.0, complicating the interpretation of acceleromyography results in the clinical setting.
Characterization of cardiac acoustic biomarkers in patients with heart failure
Authors: Burkhoff Daniel , Bailey Grant , Gimbel J Rod 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe wearable cardioverter defibrillator (WCD) records electrocardiograms and cardiohemic vibrations that can be algorithmically combined to provide cardiac acoustic biomarkers (CABs). We characterized CAB variability, diurnal variations, and changes over time among heart failure patients.MethodsWearable cardioverter defibrillator heart failure patients who had CAB recordings from March 2015 to July 2017 were included. CAB parameters included: electromechanical activation time (EMAT), EMATc (EMAT/RR interval), left ventricular systolic time (LVST), LVSTc (LVST/RR interval), S3 and S4 strengths, and systolic dysfunction index (SDI). Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and analysis of variance were used to report temporal and clinical associations.ResultsOne thousand and sixty‐six WCD patients met the study criteria. Diastolic CAB parameters showed significantly greater intra‐subject variability than systolic CAB parameters (>29% vs. <15%, p < .01). CAB parameters varied very little with age, gender, and ejection fraction (R2 = 0.004 to 0.06) in this heart failure population. Similarly, all CABs except SDI (R2 = 0.58) were independent of QRS duration, (R2 = −0.01 to 0.58). Heart rate had a more of significant influence on the systolic CABs than the diastolic CABs (p < .05). CABs were significantly different when measured at daytime versus nighttime (p < .01) and were significantly lower at the end of WCD wear compared with the beginning of wear (p < .05).ConclusionsNoninvasive CABs offer the possibility to assess parameters associated with LV function, clinical status, and other aspects of cardiovascular physiology that differ between normal and heart failure states. The present study provides critical information about typical values in heart failure patients, intra‐subject variability, circadian rhythms, and changes over time of these parameters.
Interval laparoscopic appendectomy after antibiotic therapy for appendiceal abscess in elderly patients
Authors: Mima Kosuke , Miyanari Nobutomo , Itoyama Rumi , Nakao Yosuke , Kato Rikako , Shigaki Hironobu , Kurashige Junji , Inoue Mitsuhiro , Iwagami Shiro , Mizumoto Takao , Kubota Tatsuo , Baba Hideo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of interval laparoscopic appendectomy after antibiotic therapy in elderly patients with appendiceal abscess.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data for 50 patients with appendiceal abscess aged ≥18 years who had initially planned to undergo interval laparoscopic appendectomy after antibiotic therapy and 50 patients with appendicitis aged ≥70 years who had undergone early laparoscopic appendectomy. All patients were treated at the National Hospital Organization Kumamoto Medical Center between 2012 and 2018. We compared perioperative outcomes after interval appendectomy between patients aged <70 years and ≥70 years.ResultsClinical progression of appendicitis during antibiotic therapy developed in one patient (2.0%), and recurrent appendicitis after antibiotic therapy for appendiceal abscess occurred in two patients (4.0%). Pathological findings confirmed appendiceal neoplasms in four patients (8.0%). Postoperative infectious complications occurred in 1 of 47 patients (2.1%) who had undergone successful interval laparoscopic appendectomy, and the median length of postoperative hospital stay was 4 days (interquartile range, 3‐5 days). There were no significant differences in outcomes after interval appendectomy between patients aged <70 years and ≥70 years. In the secondary analysis, the median length of postoperative hospital stay after interval laparoscopic appendectomy for appendiceal abscess (4 days) was significantly shorter than that after early laparoscopic appendectomy for uncomplicated appendicitis (7 days; P < .001).ConclusionsInterval laparoscopic appendectomy for appendiceal abscess may be safe and effective in elderly patients without severe comorbidities. Interval appendectomy may be necessary for determining the underlying cause of appendiceal abscess in adults.
Costunolide represses hepatic fibrosis through WW domain‐containing protein 2‐mediated Notch3 degradation
Authors: Ge Mao‐xu , Liu Hong‐tao , Zhang Na , Niu Wei‐xiao , Lu Zhen‐ning , Bao Yun‐yang , Huang Rui , Yu Dong‐ke , Shao Rong‐guang , He Hong‐wei 
Published: October 2019

Background and PurposeThis study investigates the antifibrotic activities and potential mechanisms of costunolide (COS), a natural sesquiterpene compound.Experimental ApproachRats subjected to bile duct ligation and mice challenged with CCl4 were used to study the antifibrotic effects of COS in vivo. Mouse primary hepatic stellate cells (pHSCs) and human HSC line LX‐2 also served as an in vitro liver fibrosis models. The expression of fibrogenic genes and signaling proteins in the neurogenic locus notch homologue protein 3 (Notch3)–hairy/enhancer of split‐1 (HES1) pathway was examined using western blot and/or real‐time PCR. Notch3 degradation was analysed using immunofluorescence and coimmunoprecipitation.Key ResultsIn animals, COS administration attenuated hepatic histopathological injury and collagen accumulation and reduced the expression of fibrogenic genes. COS time‐ and dose‐dependently suppressed the levels of fibrotic markers in LX‐2 cells and mouse pHSCs. Mechanistic studies showed COS destabilized Notch3 and subsequently inhibited the Notch3–HES1 pathway, thus inhibiting HSC activation. Furthermore, COS blocked the WW domain‐containing protein 2 (WWP2)/protein phosphatase 1G (PPM1G) interaction and enhanced the effect of WWP2 on Notch3 degradation.Conclusions and ImplicationsCOS exerted potent antifibrotic effects in vitro and in vivo by disrupting the WWP2/PPM1G complex, promoting Notch3 degradation and inhibiting the Notch3/HES1 pathway. This indicates that COS may be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
Modifications induced by chemical skin allergens on the metabolome of reconstructed human epidermis: A pilot high‐resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance study
Authors: Moussallieh François‐Marie , Moss Eric , Elbayed Karim , Lereaux Guillaume , Tourneix Fleur , Lepoittevin Jean‐Pierre 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) is a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique that enables the characterization of metabolic phenotypes/metabolite profiles of cells, tissues, and organs, under both normal and pathological conditions, without resorting to time‐consuming extraction techniques.ObjectivesTo assess the impact of chemical skin sensitizers vs non‐sensitizers on the metabolome of three‐dimensional reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) by HRMAS NMR.MethodsBased on the SENS‐IS assay, 12 skin sensitizers and five non‐sensitizing chemicals were investigated and applied on EpiSkin RHE at the published maximal non‐irritating concentrations under the conditions of the test. The metabolome of RHE samples was then analyzed by HRMAS NMR.ResultsA total of 32 different metabolites were identified; 20 of these were quantified for all samples. Statistical univariate analysis showed that the tissue content of most measured metabolites (with the exception of acetate and glucose) was different in the untreated, treated with non‐sensitizers, and treated with sensitizers samples. In RHE samples in contact with sensitizing chemicals, concentrations of 18 metabolites were significantly decreased. Alanine and tyrosine could not discriminate between sensitizer‐ and non‐sensitizer‐treated groups. A multivariate partial least‐squares‐discriminant analysis was performed on the two treated groups, discriminating sensitizing and non‐sensitizing chemicals with a very good R2Y value of 0.87 and a good Q2Y value of 0.70.ConclusionsData suggest that HRMAS NMR could be used to monitor the impact of chemicals, skin allergens vs non‐sensitizers, on the metabolome of three‐dimensional RHE.
Montgomery T‐tube for management of tracheomalacia: Impact on voice‐related quality of life
Authors: Fiorelli Alfonso , Natale Giovanni , Freda Chiara , Cascone Roberto , Carlucci Annalisa , Costanzo Saveria , Ferrara Vincenzo , Santini Mario 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionTracheostomy is a common procedure for management of tracheomalacia. However, the limitation to speak related to tracheostomy cannula could affect the quality of life.Objectiveswe reported a new minimally invasive procedure to replace tracheostomy cannula with Montgomery T‐tube to improve the ability of speaking.MethodsThis is a single center study including all consecutive patients undergoing the replacement of standard tracheostomy cannula with T‐tube for management of tracheomalacia. The end‐points were to evaluate (a) the changes in Voice‐related quality of Life (V‐RQOL) before and after T‐tube placement; and (b) the complications related to T‐tube.ResultsEleven patients were included in the study. T‐tube was placed using flexible bronchoscopy and laryngeal mask airway. A suture was inserted through the proximal end of T‐tube. Once the stent was introduced with a clamp into the trachea, a traction was applied on the suture to facilitate the alignment of the upper end of the stent. The comparison of V‐RQOL values before and after T‐tube insertion showed a significant improvement in social/emotional (39.2 ± 6.1 vs 66.8 ± 1.9; P = .0001); physical functioning (21 ± 5.7 vs 56.4 ± 5.3; P = 0.0001) and total V‐RQOL scores (33.9 + 5.4 vs 61.3 + 6.1; P = 0.0001). No complications were seen during the insertion of the stent. In two patients, T‐tube was obstructed by mucus that resolved with aspiration using flexible bronchoscopy (mean follow‐up: 18 ± 10 months).ConclusionsOur technique is simple and safe, not needing specific skills and/or cumbersome devices. The replacement of tracheostomy cannula with T‐tube seems to improve the quality of voice without adding major complications.
The digging‐in effect on ant studies with pitfall traps: influence of type of habitat and sampling time
Authors: Jiménez‐Carmona Francisco , Carpintero Soledad , Reyes‐López Joaquín Luis 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPitfall traps are among the most common sampling methods used for the study of ants. There are many types of traps and many possible ways of using them. The various methodologies may introduce biases in sampling. One possible bias may be caused by the digging‐in effect (DE), resulting in higher catches of ants immediately after traps are set in the ground which subsequently decline. In this study, we performed two experiments to verify the consequences of the DE for ants in a Mediterranean ecosystem. In the first experiment we distinguished between two types of habitats: closed and open (i.e., with or without shrub or tree cover). The second experiment was carried out in a homogeneous pasture where the time of prevalence of the DE was verified, investigating the duration of the effect. The results indicate differences between communities in the first 24 h after setting of the traps, which had disappeared after 48 h. This does not dismiss the possibility of certain species being affected either positively (increase in captures) or negatively (decrease). Changes in species composition, determining whether the DE was manifested or not, differed among habitat types.
Effects of hippocampal histone acetylation and HDAC inhibition on spatial learning and memory in the Morris water maze in rats
Authors: Topuz Ruhan Deniz , Gunduz Ozgur , Tastekin Ebru , Karadag Cetin Hakan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn recent years, it has been pointed out that epigenetic changes affect learning and memory formation. Particularly, it has been shown that histone acetylation and DNA methylation work in concert to regulate learning and memory formation. We aimed to examine whether acetylation of H2B within the rat hippocampus alters by trainings in the Morris water maze test. Male, 2–3 months old, Sprague Dawley rats were trained in Morris water maze task. Animals were given four trials per day for five consecutive days to locate a hidden platform. On the sixth day, the platform was removed and the animals were swum for 60 s. The effects of sodium butyrate, histone deacetylase inhibitor, were tested on normal and scopolamine‐induced memory‐impaired rats. The histone deacetylase inhibitor, sodium butyrate, increased histone H2B acetylation in normal rats. Sodium butyrate had no effect on learning and memory performance of normal rats; however, it partially ameliorated learning and memory disruption induced by scopolamine. So, the histone deacetylase inhibitors can be new treatment agent for cognitive disorders.