bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IMMUNE EFFECTS OF STEREOTACTIC ABLATIVE RADIATION THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT TUMORS: LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Zozulya A. Yu. , Baldueva I. A. , Novikov S. N. 
Published: October 2020

The purpose of the study was to conduct a systematic analysis of the data available in the modern literature on the systemic (abscopal) effects in radiation therapy, which are mediated by immunological phenomena.Material and Methods.A structured search for articles published in peer-reviewed journals between January 2000 and February 2019 was conducted using MEDLINE database. The review included data from registered clinical trials at Clinicaltrials.gov, showing the results of the combined use of immunotherapy and radiation therapy.Results. There is an opinion that the systemic effect of radiotherapy is mediated by immunological phenomena. In connection with the recent data, there is a growing interest in the combined use of immunotherapy with radiation therapy in order to increase the efficacy of systemic therapy. However, the incidence of abscopal effects after standard radiation treatment is very low. In this regard, stereotactic ablative radiotherapy, due to its high immunogenic potential, low toxicity and short duration of the treatment, is apparently an attractive partner for immunotherapy in patients with metastatic disease.Conclusion. In view of the variety of the immunological effects of radiotherapy, further studies of the effect of radiation therapy on the immune system of cancer patients are needed, and the use of various combinations of immunotherapy and radiation therapy should be continued. All this, ultimately, will help improve the survival rates of cancer patients.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THYROID CANCER IN THE DEVELOPED INDUSTRIAL REGION
Authors: Idiatullin R. M. , Styazhkina S. N. 
Published: October 2020

The purpose of the study was to assess thyroid cancer epidemiology in the Udmurt Republic during 2008–18 and to estimate thyroid cancer raetes until 2023.Material and Methods. The incidence of thyroid cancer in the Udmurt Republic was studied over a 10-year period (2008–18) according to state statistical accounting and reporting documentation.Results. The age-standardized incidence rate of thyroid cancer in the Udmurt Republic for both sexes increased from 2.57 ± 0.36 per 100,000 population in 2008 to 6.60 ± 0.61 per 100,000 population in 2018, with an average annual percentage change of 9.9 %. The mortality rate from thyroid cancer decreased from 0.39 ± 0.12 per 100,000 population in 2008 to 0.36 ± 0.14 per 100,000 population in 2018.The incidence of thyroid cancer in the Udmurt Republic in 2023 was estimated to be 10.24 per 100,000 population.Conclusion. In the Udmurt Republic, the increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer is significantly higher than in the Volga Federal District and Russia. The obtained estimates of thyroid cancer incidence until 2023 can be used in developing programs for early detection and prevention of this disease.
INFLUENCE OF SOMATIC MUTATIONS OF KRAS, NRAS, BRAF AND MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY STATUS ON SURVIVAL OF COLORECTAL CANCER PATIENTS WITH PERITONAL CARCINO
Authors: Shubin V. P. , Shelygin Yu. A. , Achkasov S. I. , Sushkov O. I. , Ponomarenko A. A. , Arzamastseva A. I. , Tsukanov A. S. 
Published: October 2020

Purpose: to evaluate the effect of somatic mutations of the KRAS, NRAS, BRAF genes and the status of microsatellite instability on the overall and disease-free survival of patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.Material and Methods. From 2012 to 2018, the study included 45 patients who underwent surgery for synchronous peritoneal carcinomatosis with colorectal cancer. In all patients, mutations of the KRAS, NRAS, BRAF genes and MSI status of the tumor and peritoneum metastases were determined using Sanger sequencing, fragment analysis and digital droplet polymerase chain reaction. The effect of mutations on patient survival was evaluated.Results. The prevalence of somatic mutations was 69 % of patients. The discordance between the tumor and peritoneum metastases was 9 %. All tumors and peritoneum metastases were microsatellite stable. KRAS, NRAS, BRAF mutations did not affect the overall and disease-free survival (p=0.87 and p=0.85, respectively).Conclusion. Somatic mutations in the KRAS, NRAS, or BRAF genes are not a prognostic factor affecting the overall and relapse-free survival of colorectal cancer patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. The molecular status of primary tumor may differ from the status of peritoneal metastasis. It should be taken into account when prescribing targeted drugs.
Efficiency of saprolite for removingE. colifrom simulated wastewater
Authors: Gardner T. , Vepraskas M. J. , Amoozegar A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSaprolite, weathered bedrock, is being used to dispose of domestic sewage through septic system drainfields, but its ability to remove coliforms is unknown. This study determined if Escherichia coli could be removed by a sandy loam saprolite material. Triplicate columns containing saprolite were prepared with lengths of 30, 45, and 60 cm. A 215-mL solution containing 1 × 105 CFU/100 mL of non-toxic E. coli was applied to the top of each column for 5 days/week for 13 weeks, and selected outflow samples were analyzed for E. coli. Control columns had only tap water applied to them at the same time. Significantly higher (p ≤ 0.10 compared to controls) E. coli concentrations were only detected in samples collected at the end of week 3 for the 30-cm columns and week 4 for the 45-cm columns. E. coli concentrations were small and ranged from approximately 2 to 3 MPN/100 mL. No E. coli were detected in any outflow from the 60-cm columns. From weeks 5 to 13, E. coli concentrations from all columns were either undetectable or not significantly different from the control. The results showed that 60 cm of sandy loam saprolite was sufficient for the removal of E. coli from simulated wastewater.
Urgent Problems of References Arrangement in Research Documents
Authors: Avdeeva N. V. , Sus I. V. 
Published: October 2020

The purpose of research.Currently, the problem of plagiarism is quite relevant and affects the scientific and educational spheres. Thus, the experts of the Russian State Library have organized special research, and they are issuing a series of articles devoted to that activity. Within the framework of fighting plagiarism and other negative phenomena, it becomes necessary to highlight mostly wide-spread problems of reference-arrangement for research papers, and to outline possible solutions for them. We will consider this issue in the first article of the series.Materialsand methods.In order to achieve the aforementioned target the article uses the results of the plagiarism tests for research papers carried out by the Russian State Library with the help of specially designed software “Antiplagiat.RSL”.Results.The common defects of research papers are: inclusion of fictitious sources into the reference list, lack of homogeneity in reference arrangement, inadequate references to the groups of sources, quoting the derivative sources instead of the original one, spreading false information because of blind copying other researchers’ mistakes. Plagiarism tests carried out over scientific texts helped to identify the most frequent incorrect borrowings (overlapping wording of conclusions and generalizations, the same sentences used for describing results and methods, as well as word – for – word reproduced literature reviews). The documents revealed to become sources for such plagiaristic borrowings would often be works of research advisors and other authoritative specialists, candidate dissertation theses close in theme or structure, earlier publications of authors themselves, including those written in co-authorship.Conclusion.Numerous flaws are made by emerging authors due to the lack of knowledge, that is why students’ and post-graduates’ efficient training in work with GOST state standards as well as the quality of educational and methodological literature in research-paper writing would be of use. The article offers ways of improvement for research publication arrangement and specialized software products destined to make reference arrangement automatic.
The Genetic Polymorphism of CYP3A4 rs2242480 is Associated with Sirolimus Trough Concentrations Among Adult Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Lolita Lolita , Zheng Ming , Zhang Xiang , Han Zhijian , Tao Jun , Fei Shuang , Wang Zijie , Guo Miao , Yang Haiwei , Ju Xiaobing , Tan Ruoyun , Wei Ji-Fu , Gu Min 
Published: October 2020

Background::
The large interindividual variability in the genetic polymorphisms of sirolimus (SIR)-
metabolizing enzymes, transporters, and receptors can lead to qualitatively and quantitatively distinct therapeutic
responses.

Objective::
We examined the impact of numerous candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) involved
in the trough concentration of SIR-based immunosuppressant regimen.

Method::
This is a retrospective, long-term cohort study involving 69 renal allograft recipients. Total DNA was
isolated from recipient blood samples and trough SIR concentrations were measured by microparticle enzyme
immunoassay. Genome sequence reading was targeted based on next-generation sequencing. The association of
tagger SNPs to SIR trough concentrations with non-genetic covariate adjusting was analyzed using logistic regression.

Results::
A total of 300 SNPs were genotyped in the recipient DNA samples using target sequencing analysis.
Only the SNP of CYP3A4 (Ch7: 99361466 C>T, rs2242480) had a significantly higher association with SIR
trough concentration as compared to the other 36 tagger SNPs. The mean trough SIR concentration of patients
in the CYP3A4 rs2242480-CC group was more significant compared to that of the CYP3A4 rs2242480-TC and
TT group, respectively 533.3; 157.4 and 142.5 (ng/ml)/mg/kg, P<0.0001. After adjusting the SNPs, there was
no significant association between clinical factors such as age, follow-up period, the incidence of delayed graft
function, immunosuppression protocol, and sex with SIR trough concentration.

Conclusion::
These findings indicated a significant association of polymorphism in the CYP3A4 (Ch7:
99361466 C>T, rs2242480) with SIR trough concentration after 1-year administration in patients who have undergone
kidney transplantation.
Differentiation of Endometriomas from Hemorrhagic Cysts at Magnetic Resonance: The Role of Quantitative Signal Intensity Measurements
Authors: Lupean Roxana-Adelina , Ștefan Paul-Andrei , Lebovici Andrei , Csutak Csaba , Rusu Georgeta Mihaela , Mihu Carmen Mihaela 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Endometriomas and functional hemorrhagic cysts (FHCs) are a common
gynecological encounter.

Objective:
This study aimed to assess the diagnostic efficiency of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
using signal intensity measurements in differentiating endometriomas from FHCs.

Methods:
Forty-six patients who underwent pelvic MRI examinations (endometriomas, n=28;
FHCs, n=18) were retrospectively included. The “T2 shading” sign was evaluated subjectively and
quantitatively by measuring the T1-T2 signal intensity difference and calculating the percentage of
signal decrease between T1 and T2-weighted sequences. The resulted values, along with the measurement
of the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) and the signal intensity on three diffusion-
weighted sequences (DWI) (b50, b400, and b800), were compared between groups by using the
Mann–Whitney U test. Also, the receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed for the
statistically significant results (P<0.016), and the area under the curve (AUC) was also calculated.

Results:
The two quantitative assessment methods showed similar efficiency in detecting endometriomas
(P<0.001; sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 81.82%; AUC>0.86), outperforming the classic
subjective evaluation of the “T2 shading” sign (sensitivity, 92.86%; specificity, 66.67%). ADC
(P=0.52) and DWI measurements (P=0.49, P=0.74, and P=0.78) failed to distinguish between the
two entities.

Conclusion:
The quantitative analysis and interpretation of the “T2 shading” sign can significantly
improve the differential diagnosis between endometriomas and FHCs.
Evaluation of Toxicity and Antihyperlipidemic Activity of Spondias Mombin l. Leaves Methanolic Extract in Laboratory Rats
Authors: Porwal Mayur , Gautam Sandeep K. , Khan Najam A. , Maheshwari Kamal K. 
Published: October 2020

Aims::To study the toxicological profile and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of Spondias mombin leaves methanolic extract in experimental rats.Objective::This study was carried out to investigate the toxicological profile and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of methanolic extract of leaves of Spondias mombin.Methods:The acute toxicity study was carried out where the limited dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight was administered to five rats at 48 h intervals. The interpretation was prepared and recorded for 24 h. In the sub-acute toxicity study, rats were treated with 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg doses of the extract every 24 h for 28 days. The hematological, biochemical, and histopathological tests of treated animals were carried out at the end of the test. The anti-hyperlipidemic activity of plant extract (100, 200 mg/kg) was studied on Triton-X-100 induced hyperlipidemia in rats. Histopathological changes in the liver of rats were examined.Result::For acute and subacute treatment, the extract did not reveal any signs of toxicity or mortality, or any significant effects on hematological, biochemical parameters, and histopathology of organs. The extract demonstrated an important anti-hyperlipidemic result by decreasing the serum levels of cholesterol, TGs, LDL, VLDL, and enhancing HDL.Conclusion::Taking up the evidence of the experimental study, we can conclude that the methanolic extract of Spondias mombin leaves helps in declining hyperlipidemia in rats and it can be safely used for a period of 28 days to treat hyperlipidemia.
Analytical GC-FID Method for the Determination of Organic Solvents in Radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: Hassan Hishar , Othman Muhammad Faiz , Zakaria Zainul Amiruddin , Saad Fathinul Fikri Ahmad , Abdul Razak Hairil Rashmizal 
Published: October 2020

Background::
Organic solvents play an indispensable role in most of the radiopharmaceutical production stages. It is almost impossible to remove them entirely in the final formulation of the product.

Objective::
In this presented work, an analytical method by gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) has been developed to determine organic solvents in radiopharmaceutical samples. The effect of injection hold time, temperature variation in the injection port, and the column temperature on the analysis time and resolution (R ≥ 1.5) of ethanol and acetonitrile were studied extensively.

Methods::
The experimental conditions were optimized with the aid of further statistical analysis; thence, the proposed method was validated following the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) Q2 (R1) guideline.

Results::
The proposed analytical method surpassed the acceptance criteria including the linearity >
0.990 (correlation coefficient of R2), precision < 2%, LOD, and LOQ, accuracy > 90% for all solvents.
The separation between ethanol and acetonitrile was acceptable with a resolution R > 1.5.
Further statistical analysis of Oneway ANOVA revealed that the increment in injection holding
time and variation of temperature at the injection port did not significantly affect the analysis time.
Nevertheless, the variation in injection port temperature substantially influenced the resolution of
ethanol and acetonitrile peaks (p < 0.05).

Conclusion::
The proposed analytical method has been successfully implemented to determine the
organic solvent in the [18F]fluoro-ethyl-tyrosine ([18F]FET), [18F]fluoromisonidazole ([18F]FMISO),
and [18F]fluorothymidine ([18F]FLT).
BLENDED LEARNING IN FRENCH INTERMEDIATE GRAMMAR LEARNING: IS IT EFFECTIVE?
Authors: Lumban Tobing Roswita , Pranowo Dwiyanto Djoko 
Published: October 2020

The use of blended learning in foreign language instruction such as French has been widely practiced by teachers in many countries, including Indonesia. As French for Indonesian is somehow not an easy subject to learn, the blended learning has not been widely implemented. In this regard, the aim of this study was to investigate whether there could be an improvement in the quality of learning when blended learning in French Intermediate Grammar courses for Indonesian was applied. An embedded mixed method design consisting of quantitative and qualitative approaches was used to analyse the collected data in this research, where the main method was quasi-experiment using the pretest-posttest design. This study was conducted in one semester in seven synchronization activities. Data were collected by tests, questionnaires and observation sheets from 37 students taking French intermediate grammar course as the research respondents. The tests were reliable (Alpha Cronbach = .925). Moreover, the results showed that there were significant improvements among students, thus suggesting that blended learning can maximize the quality of learning (sig. < .05). The qualitative data informs that students were more independent in developing their creativity, autonomy and innovation in managing blended learning, hence the learning outcome was achieved.
Patient Perspectives on Health Data Privacy and Implications for Adverse Drug Event Documentation and Communication: Qualitative Study
Authors: Small Serena S , Hohl Corinne M , Balka Ellen 
Published: October 2020

Background
Adverse drug events are unintended and harmful effects of medication use. Using existing information and communication technologies (ICTs) to increase information sharing about adverse drug events may improve patient care but can introduce concerns about data privacy.

Objective
This study aims to examine the views of patients and their caregivers about data protection when using ICTs to communicate adverse drug event information to improve patient safety.

Methods
We conducted an exploratory qualitative study. A total of 4 focus groups were held among patients who had experienced or were at risk of experiencing an adverse drug event, their family members, and their caregivers. We recruited participants through multiple avenues and iteratively analyzed the data using situational analysis.

Results
Of the 47 participants recruited, 28 attended our focus groups. We identified 3 primary themes. First, participants felt that improved information sharing about adverse drug events within their circle of care would likely improve care. Second, participants were concerned about data handling and inappropriate access but believed that the benefits of information sharing outweighed the risks of privacy breaches. Finally, participants were more concerned about data privacy in the context of stigmatized health conditions.

Conclusions
Current conditions for maintaining health data privacy are consistent with participants’ preferences, despite the fact that health data are susceptible to breaches and mismanagement. Information sharing that increases patient safety may justify potential privacy risks. Greater attention to patient concerns and the effect of social and contextual concerns in the design and implementation of health information technologies may increase patient confidence in the privacy of their information.
User Perceptions and Experiences of an Interactive Voice Response Mobile Phone Survey Pilot in Uganda: Qualitative Study
Authors: Tweheyo Raymond , Selig Hannah , Gibson Dustin G , Pariyo George William , Rutebemberwa Elizeus 
Published: October 2020

Background
With the growing burden of noncommunicable diseases in low- and middle- income countries, the World Health Organization recommended a stepwise approach of surveillance for noncommunicable diseases. This is expensive to conduct on a frequent basis and using interactive voice response mobile phone surveys has been put forth as an alternative. However, there is limited evidence on how to design and deliver interactive voice response calls that are robust and acceptable to respondents.

Objective
This study aimed to explore user perceptions and experiences of receiving and responding to an interactive voice response call in Uganda in order to adapt and refine the instrument prior to national deployment.

Methods
A qualitative study design was used and comprised a locally translated audiorecorded interactive voice response survey delivered in 4 languages to 59 purposively selected participants' mobile phones in 5 survey rounds guided by data saturation. The interactive voice response survey had modules on sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, diabetes, and hypertension. After the interactive voice response survey, study staff called participants back and used a semistructured interview to collect information on the participant’s perceptions of interactive voice response call audibility, instruction clarity, interview pace, language courtesy and appropriateness, the validity of questions, and the lottery incentive. Descriptive statistics were used for the interactive voice response survey, while a framework analysis was used to analyze qualitative data.

Results
Key findings that favored interactive voice response survey participation or completion included preference for brief surveys of 10 minutes or shorter, preference for evening calls between 6 PM and 10 PM, preference for courteous language, and favorable perceptions of the lottery-type incentive. While key findings curtailing participation were suspicion about the caller’s identity, unclear voice, confusing skip patterns, difficulty with the phone interface such as for selecting inappropriate digits for both ordinary and smartphones, and poor network connectivity for remote and rural participants.

Conclusions
Interactive voice response surveys should be as brief as possible and considerate of local preferences to increase completion rates. Caller credibility needs to be enhanced through either masking the caller or prior community mobilization. There is need to evaluate the preferred timing of interactive voice response calls, as the finding of evening call preference is inconclusive and might be contextual.