bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Death and Rebirth: Regional Renewal and Development of Industrial Architecture Heritages in Shanghai
Authors: Lu Yuda , Zhao Yan , Shi Yue 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Lots of industrial architecture heritages which remain the utility and aesthetic values at the present times are preserved in Shanghai which is one of the earliest industrial cities in modern China. Shanghai as the most exoteric and cutting-edge city among other countries around the world, has the distinct regional feature of avant-garde. Based on the methodologies of field investigations and case studies, the utility and aesthetic value of industrial architectural heritages in Shanghai are integrated with avant-garde for the purpose of reshaping their physical and psychic space.
Interior Living Space Preferences in the Early Housing Career of Low-Income People in DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Sihombing Antony , Dian Sulistiani Coriesta , Turpuk Gabe Rossa , Sannas Saskia Cut , Chotib  
Published: December 2019

Abstract
DKI Jakarta has been the most prospective destination for Indonesian low-income urban migrants to find jobs. The need for affordable housing for low-income people increase along with the rise of low-income urban migrants’ number. Providing houses for Indonesian low-income people has become the Indonesian government’s concern as the housing providers for many years. There were unmatched between the housing government-supplied and the demands of the low-income people. Low-income people have unique preferences in choosing their residences. Moreover, the previous studies show one’s preferences on housing develop over one’s lifecycle, namely housing career. The preferences for living space is one of the house attribute importance that considered in choosing a residence. This paper will discuss the low-income people preferences on the living spaces and the changes of these preferences over their lifecycle, especially in their early housing career. The research method used distribution of living space preference changes by selected independent variables and bivariate statistical analysis with Pearson Contingency Coefficient. The study took five of the most populated districts in DKI Jakarta and used snowball sampling on 420 respondents. The paper discussion only focuses on 369 of 420 respondents who have at least 2-residence-career, while the other respondents have never moved out from their first residence. This study found that the majority of respondents consider living space when choosing their residence, and almost half of the preferences change along with the changes in the lifecycle. The results of this study are expected to be a consideration for the Indonesian government in providing affordable housing for Indonesian low-income people.
Climate Change, Succession, and Reproductive Success of a Praying Mantid
Authors: Hurd Lawrence E , Cheng Katherine X , Abcug Jeremy , Calhoun Lydia V , Geno Madeleine E , Merhige Robert R , Rosenthal Isaac H 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe examined the adult phase of the Chinese praying mantid, Tenodera aridifolia sinensis (Saussure) (Mantodea: Mantidae) at the end of five growing seasons spanning two decades (1999–2018) in a successional old field. Sex ratio, which is generally male-biased by the time all members of a cohort are adults, exhibited a steady decline in proportion of males and eventual reversal by 2016, even though the calendar time of the study did not vary among years. Increasing length and warmth of the growing season resulted in earlier maturation, so we were seeing later portions of the adult phase at the same calendar time over successive years. This result is consistent with the earlier-published hypothesis that global warming can reduce fitness by warming and extending the growing season: earlier maturation results in earlier oviposition, which in turn causes eggs to hatch before onset of winter, thereby dying before egg diapause can occur. This may push the latitudinal distribution of this, and of other univoltine semelparous insects, farther north as the climate continues to warm. Reproductive output for the population, measured as total number of eggs produced by a cohort, peaked in 2004 at 8,514 and then fell to 226 by 2018, as did estimated numbers of adults. This decline was probably due to shrinkage of the open field area where prey were more abundant, by more than 2/3 as cedar trees replaced herbaceous vegetation during plant secondary succession. This is consistent with the hypothesis that succession limits the residence time in a habitat for these mantids.
On the critical review of five machine learning-based algorithms for predicting protein stability changes upon mutation
Authors: Savojardo Castrense , Martelli Pier Luigi , Casadio Rita , Fariselli Piero 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A review, recently published in this journal by Fang (2019), showed that methods trained for the prediction of protein stability changes upon mutation have a very critical bias: they neglect that a protein variation (A- &gt; B) and its reverse (B- &gt; A) must have the opposite value of the free energy difference (ΔΔGAB = − ΔΔGBA). In this letter, we complement the Fang’s paper presenting a more general view of the problem. In particular, a machine learning-based method, published in 2015 (INPS), addressed the bias issue directly. We include the analysis of the missing method, showing that INPS is nearly insensitive to the addressed problem.
Child Welfare Inequalities in a Time of Rising Numbers of Children Entering Out-of-Home Care
Authors: Elliott Martin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe relationship between poverty and child maltreatment and by extension of being placed in out-of-home care is a well-established one. However, this study goes beyond recent UK studies on the scale of child welfare inequalities in the likelihood of being placed in out-of-home care by considering such inequalities over time. The study is an analysis of longitudinal administrative data on children ‘looked after’ with a specific focus on children entering care in the two years that followed the death of Peter Connelly in 2007, a period that saw a rapid increase in numbers of children entering care. The analysis considers these increases using a child welfare inequalities lens. There is a ‘social gradient’ present within the overall rates of children entering care, with children in the most deprived neighbourhoods almost twelve times more likely to enter care than those in the least deprived. Such inequalities are compounded further in times of rapidly increasing entries to care with children entering care being disproportionately drawn from the poorest neighbourhoods, illustrated by a 42-per cent increase in rates between the two years in the most deprived neighbourhoods whilst rates in the least deprived neighbourhoods fell or remained the same.
Sustained Reductions in Overall and Unnecessary Antibiotic Prescribing at Primary Care Clinics in a Veterans Affairs Healthcare System Following a Multifaceted Stewardship Intervention
Authors: Buehrle Deanna J , Shively Nathan R , Wagener Marilyn M , Clancy Cornelius J , Decker Brooke K 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Most antibiotic prescribing is in outpatient settings. However, antibiotic stewardship has focused overwhelmingly on hospitalized patients. In a few studies, behavioral interventions decreased unnecessary outpatient prescribing against acute respiratory infections, but data are conflicting on sustained benefits after intervention discontinuation.

Methods
We conducted a prospective, observational study in 7 primary care clinics, in which an intervention comprised of clinician education, peer comparisons, and computer decision support order sets was directed against all antibiotic prescribing. After 6 months, peer comparisons were discontinued. Antibiotic prescribing was compared in the baseline (January–June 2016), intervention (January–June 2017), and postintervention (January–June 2018) periods.

Results
Mean antibiotic prescriptions significantly decreased from 76.9 (baseline) to 49.5 (intervention) and 56.3 (postintervention) per 1000 visits (35.6% and 26.8% reductions, respectively; P values &lt; .001). The rate of unnecessary antibiotic prescribing (ie, antibiotic not indicated) decreased from 58.8% (baseline) to 37.8% (intervention) and 44.3% (postintervention) (35.7% and 24.7% decreases, respectively; P = .001 and P = .01). Overall, 19.9% (27/136), 36.6% (66/180), and 34.9% (67/192) of antibiotics were prescribed optimally (ie, antibiotics were indicated, and a guideline-concordant agent was prescribed for guideline-concordant duration) during the baseline, intervention, and postintervention periods, respectively (baseline vs intervention and postintervention, P = .001 and P = .003, respectively). Differences between intervention and postintervention periods in overall, unnecessary, or optimal antibiotic prescribing were not significant.

Conclusions
A multifaceted outpatient stewardship intervention achieved reductions in overall, unnecessary, and suboptimal antibiotic prescription rates, which were sustained for a year after components of the intervention were discontinued. There is opportunity for further improvement, as inappropriate and suboptimal prescribing remained common.
Phenology of Douglas-Fir Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Its Role in Douglas-Fir Mortality in Western Washington
Authors: Freeman Michael B , Labarge Amy , Tobin Patrick C 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDouglas-fir dominated forests are an integral part of the Pacific Northwest. In the Cedar River Municipal Watershed, Washington, these forests provide erosion control and ecosystem buffering for the Cedar River system that supplies high-quality drinking water to the Seattle area. Mortality of Douglas-fir in the watershed has been increasing in recent years. The Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, as well as fungal pathogens, are key agents of mortality in Douglas-fir dominated forests, but their contributions to the current rates of mortality are unknown. We modeled D. pseudotsugae phenology in western Washington and estimated peak flight of overwintering adults at 344.5 cumulative degree-days (base temperature threshold = 4.3°C). We extended the results from the phenology model when assuming a 1.7°C increase in temperature and estimated that D. pseudotsugae adult flight could be advanced by 21–27 d. We also conducted a field study over 2 yr to quantify the individual and interacting roles of D. pseudotsugae, root rot pathogens, and other abiotic and biotic variables as drivers of Douglas-fir mortality. Study sites with recent high rates of mortality of Douglas-fir (&gt;30%) were generally in lower elevation stands and affected by both D. pseudotsugae and root rot pathogens. Attacks by D. pseudotsugae in 1 yr were significantly associated with the presence of root rot mycelia in the following year, but not vice versa. The development of a D. pseudotsugae phenology model for the region and the identification of variables associated with Douglas-fir mortality facilitates the development of management strategies.
Thermal Tolerance of Gloomy Scale (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in the Eastern United States
Authors: Just Michael G , Frank Steven D 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAn insect species’ geographic distribution is probably delimited in part by physiological tolerances of environmental temperatures. Gloomy scale (Melanaspis tenebricosa (Comstock)) is a native insect herbivore in eastern U.S. forests. In eastern U.S. cities, where temperatures are warmer than nearby natural areas, M. tenebricosa is a primary pest of red maple (Acer rubrum L.; Sapindales: Sapindaceae) With warming, M. tenebricosa may spread to new cities or become pestilent in forests. To better understand current and future M. tenebricosa distribution boundaries, we examined M. tenebricosa thermal tolerance under laboratory conditions. We selected five hot and five cold experimental temperatures representative of locations in the known M. tenebricosa distribution. We built models to predict scale mortality based on duration of exposure to warm or cold experimental temperatures. We then used these models to estimate upper and lower lethal durations, i.e., temperature exposure durations that result in 50% mortality. We tested the thermal tolerance for M. tenebricosa populations from northern, mid, and southern locations of the species’ known distribution. Scales were more heat and cold tolerant of temperatures representative of the midlatitudes of their distribution where their densities are the greatest. Moreover, the scale population from the northern distribution boundary could tolerate cold temperatures from the northern boundary for twice as long as the population collected near the southern boundary. Our results suggest that as the climate warms the M. tenebricosa distribution may expand poleward, but experience a contraction at its southern boundary.
The utility of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography in Mycobacterium chimaera endocarditis: a case series
Authors: Dafaalla Mohamed , Weight Nicholas , Cajic Verran , Dandekar Uday , Gopalakrishnan Kishore , Adesanya Oludolapo , Low Chen S , Banerjee Prithwish 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundInfective endocarditis secondary to Mycobacterium chimaera can present with classical constitutional symptoms of infective endocarditis but can be blood culture negative and without vegetations on transthoracic or transoesophageal echocardiogram. Patients with prosthetic valves are at particularly high risk.Case summaryWe present two patients who were diagnosed with infective endocarditis secondary to M. chimaera infection. They presented similarly with pyrexia of unknown origin and night sweats. Both patients had previously undergone aortic valve replacement; one with a tissue valve and the other with a metallic valve. New cardiac murmurs were evident on auscultation, but clinical examination showed no peripheral stigmata of endocarditis. Transoesophageal echo and transthoracic echo were both unremarkable, as were serial blood cultures. FDG PET CT scan was the key investigation, which showed increased uptake in the spleen beside other areas. Histopathology and mycobacterial cultures confirmed the diagnosis of M. chimaera infection in both cases. The first patient completed medical therapy and is now fit and well. However, the second patient unfortunately developed disseminated infection causing death.DiscussionThe management of M. chimaera infective endocarditis is challenging, often with delayed diagnosis and poor outcomes. In the context of negative blood cultures and inconclusive echocardiograms where there remains a high index of suspicion for endocarditis, FDG PET CT scanning can be a crucial diagnostic importance and should be considered early in patients with prosthetic valves.
Non-contrast computed tomography of type A acute aortic dissection in patients with out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest: a case series
Authors: Takeuchi Shinsuke , Yamaguchi Yoshihiro , Yoshino Hideaki 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
The prognosis of patients admitted for acute aortic dissection (AAD) has remarkably improved. However, we must also consider out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest (OHCPA) patients while assessing the prognosis. In recent years, autopsy imaging has become more common as an alternative to conventional autopsy. Therefore, we reviewed our OHCPA patients with type A AAD using acute phase non-contrast computed tomography (CT).

Case summary
Here, we report a case series of three patients who developed OHCPA and were diagnosed with type A AAD using non-contrast CT. Although the direct causes of death varied in each case, we could easily determine the direct causes of death from clinical course of the condition and from non-contrast CT.

Discussion
Although non-contrast CT does not completely replace autopsy, if its convenience and non-invasiveness make it possible for more patients to undergo the procedure, the real prognosis (including morbidity and mortality) may be better understood. Therefore, we considered it significant to use non-contrast CT for investigating the cause of sudden death.
Grotius’ ‘Rule of Law’ and the Human Sense of Justice: An Afterword to Martti Koskenniemi’s Foreword
Authors: Nijman Janne E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Rereading Grotius in 2019 as a sequel to the 1990 and 2009 European Journal of International Law’s contributions on ‘the politics of international law’, at a time of staggering global inequality, Martti Koskenniemi asks what we can learn from Grotius about the ‘tendency [of humans] to subordinate themselves’ to law and, I may add, the limits of that tendency. While I agree with Koskenniemi that Grotius’ ‘rule-of-law’ conception may help us understand the current backlash against the international rule of law, I suggest an alternative reading of this conception that may assist us even more. Grotius’ understanding of humans and of the importance of corrective and distributive justice as components of the international rule of law helps us see the cry ‘take back control’ as ‘indignation’ about the (social) injustices and global inequality that international institutions (re)produce and as a cry for just international institutions. Koskenniemi’s Foreword rightly asks: what is ‘required of us’? I suggest that we should understand the current backlash as an institutional crisis as well as a crisis of selfhood. Reading Grotius may encourage us to include critical language of distributive justice in our ‘bricolage’ to address ‘legitimate popular grievance’ about the international rule of law and address the human desire for just institutions also at the international level.
Pilot evaluation of an interactive multimedia platform to provide nutrition education to Portuguese adolescents
Authors: Tallon José Maria , Dias Raquel Saavedra , Costa Aldo Matos , Narciso Janine , Barros Ana , Silva António José 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Obesity prevalence has been rising worldwide and currently is one of the most serious public health problems. Nutrition literacy is important to the development of healthier habits that could help prevent and stem obesity and overweight. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of using a multimedia web platform to provide nutrition education to Portuguese adolescents.

Methods
The intervention consisted in a two-week period in which students (n = 1291) had access to an interactive multimedia web platform with nutritional content, and designed for a self-paced learning experience. Students completed a knowledge questionnaire at baseline and immediately after the end of the intervention.

Results
The results obtained revealed that 85.8% of the students increased their nutrition knowledge. No gender differences were observed post-intervention. There were significant differences in the knowledge acquisition regarding age (P &lt; 0.001). The baseline knowledge seemed to influence the learning process.

Conclusions
Overall, the intervention had a positive impact. The preliminary results observed will be important for the improvement of the intervention, though they need to be confirmed by further research. Nevertheless, it is safe to say that technology-based assets can be important tools to incorporate and complement health-related interventions in schools.
Density regulation of mixed and mono-specific forest stands as a continuum: a new concept based on species-specific coefficients for density equivalence and density modification
Authors: Pretzsch Hans , del Río Miren 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA wealth of recent research has improved our understanding of the structure, growth and yield of mixed-species stands. However, appropriate quantitative concepts for their silvicultural regulation remain scarce. Due to the species-specific stand densities, growing area requirements and potential over-density, the density and mixing regulation in mixed stands is much more intricate than in monospecific stands.Here, we introduce the species-specific coefficients: density equivalence coefficients (DEC), for density equivalence; and density modification coefficient (DMC), for density modification in mixed species stands. DEC is suitable for the conversion of the stand density and growing area requirement of one species into that of another species. DMC estimates the modification of maximum stand density by tree species mixing using as reference the maximum stand density of one of the species.First, we introduce the theoretical concept of these coefficients. Second, we derive the mean values of these coefficients based on long-term experiments using different mixtures of European beech. Third, we apply DEC and DMC for flexible regulation of the stand density and mixing proportion. Thus, silvicultural regulation of monospecific stands and mixed-species stands forms a continuum, where monospecific stands represent an extreme case of mixed-species stands.Lastly, we discuss the advantages and limitations of these concepts. Future directions comprise the inclusion of additional species, their integration in guidelines and simulation models, and their establishment for the quantitative regulation of experimental plots and the practical implementation in forest stands.
Making the Case for Age-Diverse Universities
Authors: Morrow-Howell Nancy , Lawlor Edward F , Macias Edward S , Swinford Emma , Brandt Jeff 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLife expectancy has increased substantially; yet universities remain age-segregated and fail to educate people across the longer life course. Demographic shifts call for universities to change their orientation toward age and life course. Arguments as to why universities should serve students of all ages and operate as age-diverse communities include: ensuring the capacity of individual workers and the labor force; educating people to succeed in age-diverse settings; producing innovation in an aging society; supporting meaningful engagement, social connection, and cognitive health into later life; and ensuring the supply of students. Conceptual foundations for these arguments derive from ideas about age stratification, where chronological age is used as a criterion for inclusion or exclusion from social expectations, roles, and privileges and where age integration is viewed as a positive alternative. In response to population aging and the constraints associated with age segregation in higher education, the Age-Friendly University Global Network was formed to increase the inclusion of older learners in all aspects of university life. The challenge is to create conditions where nontraditionally aged students expect to engage fully in educational activities, where students of all ages are valued and supported, and where age diversity is a common feature of campus life. The transformation of our universities must be done for the sake of society, for younger and older people, and for the self-interest of institutions themselves.