bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Η ακτίνα της Γης, ο προσδιορισμός του g και η μάζα της Γης
Authors: Αναστασάκης Δημήτρης , Βαρδανίκας Ιωάννης , Βόγια Ιωάννα , Κομνηνός Γεώργιος , Κωστόπουλος Χρήστος , Χαρίση Μαρία , Γλαράκη Δέσποινα , Ζιώκος Μάριος , Ασλάνογλου Λουκία , Μπλέρτα Σέχι , Αθανασιάδης Δημήτριος , Δημόπουλος Βασίλειος 
Published: March 2020

Το θέμα της εργασίας είναι ο προσδιορισμός της μάζας της Γης, από μαθητές δύο διαφορετικών σχολείων της Ελλάδας. Το ερευνητικό ερώτημα της εργασίας είναι το ακόλουθο: ποιες αποκλίσεις προκύπτουν από τον προσδιορισμό της μάζας της Γης, αν πειραματικά προσδιοριστούν η ακτίνα της και η επιτάχυνση της βαρύτητας σε δύο διαφορετικές περιοχές;Αρχικά, τα Σχολεία μέτρησαν κατά την εαρινή ισημερία την ακτίνα της Γης, αξιοποιώντας τη μέθοδο του Ερατοσθένη. Στη συνέχεια, οι δύο ομάδες μαθητών υπολόγισαν με τη μέθοδο του απλού εκκρεμούς την επιτάχυνση της βαρύτητας στην περιοχή τους, μεταβάλλοντας το μήκος του απλούεκκρεμούς και μετρώντας την περίοδο. Η κλίση του διαγράμματος περίοδος στο τετράγωνο (Τ2) - μήκος (L) –με κατάλληλους υπολογισμούς- έδωσε την τιμή για το g. Τέλος, με αντικατάσταση στη , προσδιορίστηκε η μάζα της Γης. Στην εργασία γίνεται αναφορά στα αποτελέσματα των τελικών μετρήσεων καθώς και στη συνεργασία των μαθητών των δύο Σχολείων που πραγματοποιήθηκε μέσω ηλεκτρονικής πλατφόρμας.
Growth, production and feed conversion performance of the gurami sago (Osphronemus goramy Lacepède, 1801) strain in different aquaculture systems
Authors: Azrita Azrita , Aryani Netti , Mardiah Ainul , Syandri Hafrijal 
Published: March 2020

Background: Giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy, Osphronemidae), belonging to the gurami sago strain, is an important economic fish species that was newly released for domestication in 2018 in Indonesia. The present study aimed to determine the growth, production and feed conversion efficiency of gurami sago strain in different aquaculture systems. Methods: A mean of 240 juveniles were stocked (mean, 54.53 g and 13.88 cm) into concrete ponds, ﬂoating net cages and earthen freshwater ponds (12 m3) with three replicates of each. The juveniles were fed a floating commercial pellet diet containing 30% crude protein and 5% crude lipids. Feed was supplied at 3% of fish biomass per day throughout the 90 days of the experiment. The research was conducted in the area surrounding Lake Maninjau of West Sumatera Province, Indonesia. Results: After 90 days, the mean weight of ﬁsh reared in concrete ponds was 166.86 g, floating net cages was 179.51 g and earthen freshwater ponds was 149.89 g. The mean final biomass was 37.64 kg for concrete ponds, 41.27 kg for floating net cages, and 33.72 kg for earthen freshwater ponds. The specific growth rates (%/day) for concrete ponds, floating net cages and earthen freshwater ponds were 0.67, 0.75 and 0.62, respectively. The feed conversion rates were 1.45 for concrete ponds, 1.30 for floating net cages and 1.87 for earthen freshwater ponds. The net yields (kg mˉ3) were 2.05 for concrete ponds, 2.27 for floating net cages, and 1.73 for earthen freshwater ponds. The exponents (b) of the length–weight relationship were calculated for concrete ponds (1.0146), floating net cages (1.2641), and earthen freshwater ponds (1.0056). Conclusion: The study showed that the growth performance, production and feed conversion efficiency of the gurami sago strain could be considered a new candidate strain for floating net cage aquaculture in the future.
Income and obesity in an urban poor community: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Andoy-Galvan Jo Ann , Lugova Halyna , Patil Sapna S. , Wong Yin How , Baloch Gul M. , Suleiman Adlina , Nordin Rusli , Chinna Karuthan 
Published: March 2020

Background: Recent studies have shown that higher income is associated with a higher risk for subsequent obesity in low- and middle-income countries, while in high-income countries there is a reversal of the association – higher-income individuals have a lower risk of obesity. The concept of being able to afford to overeat is no longer a predictor of obesity in developed countries. In Malaysia, a trend has been observed that the prevalence of obesity increases with an increase in income among the low-income (B40) group. This trend, however, was not further investigated. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the association of income and other sociodemographic factors with obesity among residents within the B40 income group in an urban community. Methods: This cross-sectional study used a systematic sampling technique to recruit participants residing in a Program Perumahan Rakyat (PPR), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The sociodemographic characteristics were investigated through face-to-face interviews. Weight and height were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated and coded as underweight, normal, overweight and obese according to the cut-off points for the Asian population. A chi-squared test was used to compare the prevalence of obesity in this study with the national prevalence. A generalized linear model was introduced to identify BMI predictors. Results: Among the 341 participants, 25 (7.3%) were underweight, 94 (27.6%) had normal weight, 87 (25.5%) were overweight, and 135 (39.6%) were obese. The proportion of obese adults (45.8%) was significantly higher than the national prevalence of 30.6% (p<0.001). Among all the tested variables, only income was significantly associated with BMI (p=0.046). Conclusion: The proportion of obesity in this urban poor community was higher compared with the national average. BMI increased as the average monthly household income decreased.
An Ensemble-Based Malware Detection Model Using Minimum Feature Set
Authors: Zelinka Ivan , Amer Eslam 
Published: March 2020

Current commercial antivirus detection engines still rely on signature-based methods. However, with the huge increase in the number of new malware, current detection methods become not suitable. In this paper, we introduce a malware detection model based on ensemble learning. The model is trained using the minimum number of signification features that are extracted from the file header. Evaluations show that the ensemble models slightly outperform individual classification models. Experimental evaluations show that our model can predict unseen malware with an accuracy rate of 0.998 and with a false positive rate of 0.002. The paper also includes a comparison between the performance of the proposed model and with different machine learning techniques. We are emphasizing the use of machine learning based approaches to replace conventional signature-based methods.
Ultra-broadband metamaterial absorber based on cross-shaped TiN resonators
Authors: Mehrabi Samira , Rezaei Mir Hamid , Zarifkar Abbas 
Published: March 2020

In this paper, a novel broadband plasmonic absorber based on cross-shaped titanium nitride (TiN) resonators in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared regions is presented. The proposed perfect solar absorber consists of periodic arrays of cross-shaped TiN resonators located on a stack of

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layers. By using the finite-difference time-domain method, the effects of variations of the thickness and radius of the elliptical metasurface resonators on the absorption are comprehensively investigated. The cross-shaped metamaterial absorber exhibits an averaged absorption of 90%, ranging from 200 to 3000 nm, and shows over 90% absorption from 200 to 2500 nm. Furthermore, the proposed absorber indicates absorption efficiency over 80% for an oblique incidence up to 50 deg for both TE- and TM-polarized light. These features make the proposed solar absorber usable in many solar-based applications, imaging, and thermal emitting.
Giant enhancement of silicon plasmonic shortwave infrared photodetection using nanoscale self-organized metallic films
Authors: Frydendahl Christian , Grajower Meir , Bar-David Jonathan , Zektzer Roy , Mazurski Noa , Shappir Joseph , Levy Uriel 
Published: March 2020

Many consumer technologies rely on photodetection of infrared light, such as lidar, low visibility imaging, proximity sensors/range finders, etc. However, silicon, the standard material of the semiconductor industry, becomes transparent for wavelengths above 1.1 µm, as the photons no longer have sufficient energy to stimulate direct band-to-band absorption. We report here a Schottky photodetector design that extends silicon’s optical detection range beyond this 1.1 µm limit, by utilizing internal photoemission of hot carriers. Our design relies on an ultra-thin fractally nanostructured aluminum optical absorber and yet remarkably achieves over 50% absorption of incident light. We demonstrate 2 orders of magnitude improvements of responsivity, noise-equivalent power, and specific detectivity as compared to a reference Schottky photodetector made of bulk metal films. We attribute this to the combination of superior transport and momentum relaxation processes from the nanoscale fractal geometries. Specifically, we show a direct link between internal quantum efficiency enhancement and structural parameters such as perimeter-to-surface ratio. Finally, our devices also function as bulk refractive index sensors. Our approach uses an exceedingly simple complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible “bottom up” fabrication that is cheap and scalable and is a promising candidate for future cost-effective and robust shortwave infrared photodetection and sensing applications.
KARAKTERISTIK DAN ASPEK BIOLOGI Scaphopoda (MOLUSKA)
Authors: Ibrahim Putri Sapira 
Published: March 2020

CHARACTERISTICS AND BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF Scaphopoda (MOLLUSCS). Scaphopoda are bilaterally symmetrical marine molluscs, commonly known as the "tusk shells" because their shells are conical. There are approximately 900 species of Scaphopoda, found in soft silty marine sediments, which they burrow in search of food. Scaphopoda feeds on microorganisms, their diet dominated by foraminiferans. Hermaphroditic scaphopoda has been reported but rare. The biodiversity of Scaphopoda had been underestimated because the taxonomic and biological aspects of scaphopoda have not been well studied. Classification, morphology, reproduction, behavior, habitat, and distribution of Scaphopoda are discussed in this paper.
Conflicting Laws and Priorities as Drug Policy Implementation Barriers: A Qualitative Analysis of Police Perspectives in Tijuana, Mexico
Authors: Morales Mario , Baker Pieter , Rafful Claudia , Mittal Maria L. , Rocha-Jimenez Teresita , Clairgue Erika , Arredondo Jaime , Cepeda Javier A. , Strathdee Steffanie A. , Beletsky Leo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsDrug policy reforms typically seek to improve health among people who use drugs (PWUD), but flawed implementation impedes potential benefits. Mexico’s 2009 drug policy reform emphasized public health-oriented measures to address addiction. Implementation has been deficient, however. We explored the role of municipal police officers’ (MPOs) enforcement decision-making and local systems as barriers to reform operationalization.MethodsBetween February-June 2016, 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted with MPOs in Tijuana. Interviews were transcribed, translated and coded using a consensus-based approach. Emergent themes, trends and frameworks were analyzed through a hermeneutic grounded theory protocol.ResultsIn conceptualizing their orientation towards municipal (not state) law, MPOs reported prioritizing enforcement of nebulous anti-vice ordinances to control PWUD activity. Local laws were seen as conflicting with drug policy reforms. Incentives within the police organization were aligned with ordinance enforcement, generating pressure through quotas and reinforced by judges. Driven by discretion, fuzzy understanding of procedures, and incentives to sanitize space, detention of PWUD for minor infractions was systematic.ConclusionsFailure to harmonize policies and priorities at different levels of government undermine effective operationalization of health-oriented drug policy. Implementation must address local priorities and administrative pressures shaping MPO decision-making and enforcement practice.
An Indexing Theory for Working Memory Based on Fast Hebbian Plasticity
Authors: Fiebig Florian , Herman Pawel , Lansner Anders 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWorking memory (WM) is a key component of human memory and cognition. Computational models have been used to study the underlying neural mechanisms, but neglected the important role of short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM) interactions for WM. Here, we investigate these using a novel multiarea spiking neural network model of prefrontal cortex (PFC) and two parietotemporal cortical areas based on macaque data. We propose a WM indexing theory that explains how PFC could associate, maintain, and update multimodal LTM representations. Our simulations demonstrate how simultaneous, brief multimodal memory cues could build a temporary joint memory representation as an “index” in PFC by means of fast Hebbian synaptic plasticity. This index can then reactivate spontaneously and thereby also the associated LTM representations. Cueing one LTM item rapidly pattern completes the associated uncued item via PFC. The PFC–STM network updates flexibly as new stimuli arrive, thereby gradually overwriting older representations.
Sexual Selection Does Not Increase the Rate of Compensatory Adaptation to a Mutation Influencing a Secondary Sexual Trait inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Chandler Christopher H , Mammel Anna , Dworkin Ian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTheoretical work predicts that sexual selection can enhance natural selection, increasing the rate of adaptation to new environments and helping purge harmful mutations. While some experiments support these predictions, remarkably little work has addressed the role of sexual selection on compensatory adaptation—populations’ ability to compensate for the costs of deleterious alleles that are already present. We tested whether sexual selection, as well as the degree of standing genetic variation, affect the rate of compensatory evolution via phenotypic suppression in experimental populations of Drosophila melanogaster. These populations were fixed for a spontaneous mutation causing mild abnormalities in the male sex comb, a structure important for mating success. We fine-mapped this mutation to an ∼85 kb region on the X chromosome containing three candidate genes, showed that the mutation is deleterious, and that its phenotypic expression and penetrance vary by genetic background. We then performed experimental evolution, including a treatment where opportunity for mate choice was limited by experimentally enforced monogamy. Although evolved populations did show some phenotypic suppression of the morphological abnormalities in the sex comb, the amount of suppression did not depend on the opportunity for sexual selection. Sexual selection, therefore, may not always enhance natural selection; instead, the interaction between these two forces may depend on additional factors.
Accurate Genomic Predictions for Chronic Wasting Disease in U.S. White-Tailed Deer
Authors: Seabury Christopher M , Oldeschulte David L , Bhattarai Eric K , Legare Dhruti , Ferro Pamela J , Metz Richard P , Johnson Charles D , Lockwood Mitchell A , Nichols Tracy A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The geographic expansion of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in U.S. white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) has been largely unabated by best management practices, diagnostic surveillance, and depopulation of positive herds. Using a custom Affymetrix Axiom single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, we demonstrate that both differential susceptibility to CWD, and natural variation in disease progression, are moderately to highly heritable (h2=0.337±0.079─0.637±0.070) among farmed U.S. white-tailed deer, and that loci other than PRNP are involved. Genome-wide association analyses using 123,987 quality filtered SNPs for a geographically diverse cohort of 807 farmed U.S. white-tailed deer (n = 284 CWD positive; n = 523 CWD non-detect) confirmed the prion gene (PRNP; G96S) as a large-effect risk locus (P-value &lt; 6.3E-11), as evidenced by the estimated proportion of phenotypic variance explained (PVE ≥ 0.05), but also demonstrated that more phenotypic variance was collectively explained by loci other than PRNP. Genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP; n = 123,987 SNPs) with k-fold cross validation (k = 3; k = 5) and random sampling (n = 50 iterations) for the same cohort of 807 farmed U.S. white-tailed deer produced mean genomic prediction accuracies ≥ 0.81; thereby providing the necessary foundation for exploring a genomically-estimated CWD eradication program.
TheGossypium longicalyxGenome as a Resource for Cotton Breeding and Evolution
Authors: Grover Corrinne E , Pan Mengqiao , Yuan Daojun , Arick Mark A , Hu Guanjing , Brase Logan , Stelly David M , Lu Zefu , Schmitz Robert J , Peterson Daniel G , Wendel Jonathan F , Udall Joshua A 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCotton is an important crop that has made significant gains in production over the last century. Emerging pests such as the reniform nematode have threatened cotton production. The rare African diploid species Gossypium longicalyx is a wild species that has been used as an important source of reniform nematode immunity. While mapping and breeding efforts have made some strides in transferring this immunity to the cultivated polyploid species, the complexities of interploidal transfer combined with substantial linkage drag have inhibited progress in this area. Moreover, this species shares its most recent common ancestor with the cultivated A-genome diploid cottons, thereby providing insight into the evolution of long, spinnable fiber. Here we report a newly generated de novo genome assembly of G. longicalyx. This high-quality genome leveraged a combination of PacBio long-read technology, Hi-C chromatin conformation capture, and BioNano optical mapping to achieve a chromosome level assembly. The utility of the G. longicalyx genome for understanding reniform immunity and fiber evolution is discussed.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING IN MANAGEMENT OF LABORATORIUM SUBJECT
Authors: Sartika Rody Putra 
Published: March 2020

IMPLEMENTASI MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING DALAM MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP MAHASISWA PADA MATA KULIAH MANAJEMEN LABORATORIUMAbstractConceptual understanding was one of cognitive aspect which ensure success rate of students. If conceptual understanding of students was good, students would been successful in following the course. The main goal of this study was to describe conceptual understanding of prospective student teacher after being taught using Problem based learning model. One shot case study design was chosen as research design. The research population for this study comprised all the second year students of chemistry education program which consisted of three classes. according to saturated sampling, all the members of population were selected as samples. they consisted of 71 students overall. Achievement Test was used to collect data. It was given to students to examine students’ conceptual understanding. Data were then analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. The results from this study showed that students’ conceptual understanding was in various rates. As many as 55 %, 15%, 3% and 27 % of students were classified as poor, fair, good, and very good respectively.AbstrakPemahaman konsep merupakan salah satu aspek kognitif yang menentukan tingkat keberhasilan peserta didik setelah melaksanakan proses pembelajaran. Jika pemahaman konsep yang dimiliki baik, maka peserta didik tersebut telah berhasil secara kognitif di dalam melewati proses pembelajaran. Tujuan pada penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan pemahaman konsep MAHASISWA setelah diajar menggunakan model problem based learning (PBL). Bentuk penelitian ini adalah pra-eksperimetal dengan rancangan the one-shot case study. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa program studi Pendidikan Kimia universitas Tanjungpura semester II yang terdiri atas 3 kelas. Teknik pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan cara sampling jenuh, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 71 mahasiswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan untuk menelaah masalah tersebut dilakukan melalui pengukuran dengan instrumen tes hasil belajar digunakan untuk mengukur pemahaman konsep mahasiswa. Deskripsi pemahaman konsep calon guru kimia diketahui dengan analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian diperoleh pemahaman konsep calon guru kimia setelah diajarkan menggunakan model PBL pada mata kuliah Manajemen Laboratorium diperoleh sebanyak 55% dengan kategori sangat kurang, 15% dengan kategori kurang, 3% dengan kategori baik, dan 27% dengan kategori sangat baik.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF MENTAL MODELS TEST ON HEAT AND TEMPERATURE
Authors: Priyadi Rian , Diantoro Markus , Parno Parno 
Published: March 2020

PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN MODEL MENTAL PADA TOPIK SUHU DAN KALORAbstrakKami telah mengembangkan tes sebagai analisis model mental pada materi suhu dan kalor. Penelitian pengembangan ini didasarkan pada pentingnya mengetahui tingkatan model mental siswa. Model mental merupakan representasi internal siswa dalam memahami sebuah konsep. Penelitian ini menggunakan model pengembangan 4-D. Produk yang dihasilkan merupakan instrumen analisis model mental berupa soal terbuka. Selanjutnya, instrumen tes model mental diujicobakan kepada responden (N=90) untuk mengukur validitas dan reliabilitas. Tes yang telah dikembangkan terdiri dari 8 soal dengan reliabilitas sebesar 0,667. Berdasarkan analisis data, instrumen tes model mental pada materi suhu dan kalor layak digunakan sebagai instrumen penilaian. AbstractWe have developed test inventory as an analysis of mental models on heat and temperature topics. This development research based on the importance of knowing the level of students' mental models. The mental models are a student’s internal representation of understanding a concept. This study uses a 4-D model. The product being produced is a mental model analysis consists of open-ended questions. Furthermore, mental models test were tested on respondents (N = 90) to measure the validity and reliability. The test that has been developed consists of 8 questions with a value of reliability is 0.667. Based on data analysis, the test of mental models on heat and temperature topics is feasible to use as an assessment instrument.