bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecological Economics - Abridging the Gap between Conventional Economics and Ethics
Authors: Toufique Mohammad Mokammel Karim 
Published: March 2020

What role do ethics play in differentiating Ecological Economics from conventional Economics? How much ethical underpinning do various blazing environmental issues have? These are the question that this paper tries to answer. Conventional Economics focuses on the efficiency of resource allocation giving less weight to distribution and scale. But many economic problems have important ethical dimensions or implications. Mainstream economists have always ignored ethics as a key issue in economic theory. On the contrary, ecological economics argues that, in the face a severe environmental problem it is normal and natural for human beings to have concerns about the crisis and a healthy survival and to adopt a position of precautionary rationality. Ethics has important policy implications for market-based solutions, valuation, various environmental issues, the business world and its environmental responsibility, globalization, financial crisis etc. Ethics should not be analyzed in isolation of other factors affecting the economic phenomenon concerned. Future research should focus on how to formally incorporate ethics in standard economics model of various forms.
Development of a New High Frequency Two Quadrant DC-DC Sepic Converter
Authors: Islam Md. Maidul , Rashi Md. Mamun Ur 
Published: March 2020

The DC-DC converter find a wide scope in industries, telecommunication sectors, power electronics area, etc. Nowadays bi-directional converters have a higher end over them since the energy from the load during regenerative braking is fed back to the source, thus obtaining energy efficient system. A single topology that can provide Buck-Boost operation with positive output having four quadrant operations is not available in the literature. A common limitation of power coupling effect in some known multiple-input dc-dcconverters has been addressed in many kinds of literatures. In this paper, a new single topology of two quadrants DC-DC Sepic converter has been developed to provide four quadrant operation of a high- frequency dc-dc converter having one supply source and proper control of the converter. The combined topology has been analyzed and studied by spice simulation.
Green Consumerism: Catalyst for Environmental Marketing
Authors: Padhy Prabir Chandra , Mishra Ashiss Kumar 
Published: March 2020

In 21st century race towards industrialization is fast & furious. Due to the Industrial movements natural environment is heavily influenced. Environmental marketing is one best possible way to protect the environment. Both the organizations & consumers have changed their mind to address this issue. Green consumerism has taken the role of catalyst for environmental marketing. Aim of this paper to analyze the consumer behavior towards environmental marketing. This article also establishes the relationship between consumer behavior and purchasing decision of the customer on the green marketing ground. This research paper highlights the cause behind environmental marketing along with the initiative taken by the industries to promote environmental marketing.
Sources of Environmental Hazards Effects and Control
Authors: Iderawumi Abdulraheem Mukhtar 
Published: March 2020

The entire world become village and whatever affects a country will ultimately affect the neighbouring ones. Since the environment is being constantly polluted by man through its various activities such an acts constitutes hazard to man and its ecological being and a threat to public health. An environmental hazard is a substance, state or event which has the potential to threaten the surrounding natural environment and / or adversely affect people's health. This term incorporates topics like pollution and natural disasters such as storms and earthquakes. Human-made hazards while not immediately health-threatening may turn out detrimental to man's well-being eventually, because deterioration in the environment can produce secondary, unwanted negative effects on the human ecosphere. The effects of water pollution may not be immediately visible because of a sewage system that helps drain off toxic substances. If those substances turn out to be persistent (e.g. persistent organic pollutant), however, they will literally be fed back to their producers via the food chain: plankton -> edible fish -> humans. In that respect, a considerable number of environmental hazards are man-made (anthropogenic) hazards. This necessitate to this study of investigating, the sources, effects and controls of environment hazards. Data were gathered from Primary Health Care (P.H.C) department and from environment department through oral interview method. The findings from the data collected revealed that’s the people in the study area have negative attitude towards environmental hazards which make them to mismanage environmental resources such as land, water and air. Investigation also shows that, there were poor and inadequate system of refuse disposition and that the system most of the houses in the area are without adequate toilet facilities. Health education should be given to the people on the sources and effects of environmental hazards. It is therefore hoped that, if the recommendation made in this study is staffs strictly adhered to, it would go a long way in improving the environmental condition.
Toxin A and B genes expression of Clostridium difficile in the sub-minimum inhibitory concentration of clindamycin, vancomycin and in combination with ceftazidime
Authors: Moradi Mohammad , Mansouri Shahla , Nakhaee Nouzar , Sarafzadeh Farhad , Rezazadeh Zarandi Ebrahim 
Published: March 2020

Background and Objectives: Antibiotics prescribed for infections have diverse effects on microbiota and the pathogen Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) as the most important antibiotic-associated diarrhea. This study aims to determine the gene expression of toxins A and B at the transcription level in the sub-MIC of vancomycin (VAN), clindamycin (CLI), and cef- tazidime (CAZ) alone and in combination.
Materials and Methods: The MIC and fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) of two C. difficile samples (a clinical isolate and ATCC 9689) were determined by microdilution and checkerboard microdilution methods, respectively. The total RNA was extracted from the medium inoculated with ~106 CFU/mL of fresh bacteria in the pre-reduced medium containing ½ MIC of antibiotics alone and ½ FIC of antibiotics in combination. Real-time PCR was performed by sybrGreen methods in triplicate, and the data were analyzed by the comparative ∆∆CT method.
Results: All antibiotics except CAZ (alone and in combination) decreased the gene expression of toxins A and B within 24 hours. VAN and CLI reduced toxin gene expression within 24 and 48 hours. However, CAZ alone and in combination with VAN as well as CLI increased the gene expression of toxins A and B.
Conclusion: The results confirmed toxin gene transcription and toxin production are associated with the type of isolates and antibiotics, as well as the combined form of antibiotics. This could be the reason which can explain the occurrence of C. difficile infection among patients who were treated with the third generation of cephalosporins alone and in combination with another antibiotic in the form of combinational therapy.
Mutations in nalc gene of Mex AB-OprM efflux pump in carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burn wounds in Yazd, Iran
Authors: Akhavan Tafti Fatemeh , Eslami Gilda , Zandi Hengameh , Barzegar Kazem 
Published: March 2020

Background and Objectives: Burn wound infections have emerged as an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients due to prolonged hospital stay. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is the second cause of bacterial burn wound infections. Resistance mechanisms among P. aeruginosa are intrinsic or acquired. Intrinsic resistance mechanisms among P. aeruginosa isolates are inducible AmpC cephalosporinase, decrease of specific porin OprD, and overexpression of RND efflux pump. The aim of this study was detection of mutations in nalC gene in carbapenem resistant P. aeruginosa isolated from burn wounds.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 180 burn-wound specimens were collected. Suspected lactose-nega- tive colonies were identified by conventional biochemical methods. Kirby-Bauer and Etest methods were used for suscepti- bility testing. PCR and sequencing techniques were used for the detection of nalC mutation.
Results: Out of 180 specimens received in the laboratory, 54 of isolates were isolated and identified as P. aeroginosa (30%). Of these isolates 20 (37%) were resistant to at least two carbapenems simultaneously. From these carbapenem resistant iso- lates, 19 (95%), 14 (70%), 14 (70%), 19 (95%) and 16 (80%) were resistant to imipenem, cefepime, piperacillin, ceftizoxime and gentamicin, respectively. Only 1 (2%) isolate was sensitive to all carbapenems and did not has mutation in nalC gene, 20 (37%) isolates were resistant to at least two carbapenems, and had mutations in nalC gene (Gly71►Glu and Ser209►Arg). Conclusion: As the results showed, mutation in efflux pump was observed in carbapenem resistant isolate and this confirmed that the indiscriminate use of antibiotics for treatment or prophylaxis can increase mutation in efflux pump.
In vitro anti-biofilm activity of bacteriocin from a marine Bacillus sp. strain Sh10 against Proteus mirabilis
Authors: Shayesteh Fatemeh , Ahmad Asmat , Usup Gires 
Published: March 2020

Background and Objectives: Biofilm formed by Proteus mirabilis strains is one of the most important medical prob- lems especially in the case of device-related urinary tract infections. This study was conducted to evaluate the bacte- riocin produced by a marine isolate of Bacillus sp. Sh10, for it's in vitro inhibitory activity against pre-formed biofilm and in interference with the biofilm-forming of two biofilm-producing bacteria (P. mirabilis UCa4 and P. mirabilis UCe1).
Materials and Methods: Sensitivity of two biofilm-producing bacteria (P. mirabilis UCa4 and P. mirabilis UCe1) to bac- teriocin, was investigated in planktonic and biofilm states by cell viability and crystal violet assay, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also performed to determine the effect of bacteriocin on the morphology of the cells asso- ciated with biofilm.
Results: It was found that bacteriocin possessed bactericidal activity to biofilm-forming isolates in the planktonic state.
However, bacteriocin interferes with the formation of biofilms and disrupts established biofilms. Bacteriocin reduced biofilm

50

50

formation in the isolates of P. mirabilis UCa4 and P. mirabilis UCe1 with SMIC

of 32 and 128 μg/mL, desirable SMIC of

bacteriocin for biofilm disruption were 128 and 256 μg/mL, respectively. The SEM results indicated that bacteriocin affected the cell morphology of biofilm-associated cells.
Conclusion: The present findings indicated that bacteriocin from Bacillus sp. Sh10 has bactericidal properties against bio- film-forming isolates of P. mirabilis UCa4 and P. mirabilis UCe1 and has the ability to inhibit the formation of biofilm and disrupt established biofilm.
Design, Construction and Immunogenicity Assessment of pEGFP-N1-KMP11-GP96 (Fusion) as a DNA Vaccine Candidate against Leishmania major Infection in BALB/c Mice
Authors: DALIMI Abdolhossein , NASIRI Vahid 
Published: March 2020

Background: KMP-11 (Kinetoplastid membrane protein-Π) exists in all species of kinetoplastid family. It is fully conserved and the protein produced by this gene can induce a very high cellular immune response. We aimed to design a suitable construction for a Leishmania major DNA vaccine and evaluate the protective efficacy of it as a candidate for DNA vaccine against cutaneous leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice.
Methods: This experimental study was conducted in Tehran City, Iran, between April 20, 2015 and May 30, 2016. KMP-11 gene of L. major (MRHO/IR/75/ER, Iranian strain) and NT-GP96 of Xenopus GP96 DNA from a pBluescript-GP96 plasmid were amplified by PCR and the purified PCR products were cloned into the pJET1.2/blunt plasmid vector, then, subcloned into pEGFP-N1 plasmid as an expression vector. Finally, the KMP-11 gene was fused with GP96 and afterward the combination cloned in pEGFP-N1. All the cloned genes confirmed by enzyme digestions. Then, four groups of mice were immunized with PBS, pEGFP-N1, pEGFP-N1-KMP, and pEGFP-N1-fusion. Four weeks after immunization, all animals were challenged with L. major virulent promastigotes.
Results: The constructed fusion potentially showed an ability to elicit Th1 responses that led to cutaneous lesion healing. Interestingly, the group received KMP11-GP96 –GFP showed the highest ratio of IFN- γ /IL-4 and IgG2a/IgG1 compare to other groups. No side effect was observed after using the fusion in the mice.
Conclusion: The constructed fusion could well stimulate both the cellular and humoral immune systems that led to cutaneous lesion healing in mice.
Clinical Features, Diagnosis and Management of Patients with Suspicion of Fascioliasis in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Southwestern Iran
Authors: MOSHFE Abdolali , ARIA Arash , ERFANI Najme , JAMSHIDI Ali , SARKARI Bahador , ABDOLAHI KHABISI Samaneh , AREFKHAH Nasir 
Published: March 2020

Background: In the current study, we described the epidemiological features, clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of patients with suspicion of fascioliasis in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province in southwest of Iran.
Methods: Overall, 56 patients with suspicion of fascioliasis, based on their clinical signs and symptoms that referred to Clinic of Internal Medicine in Yasuj city, from 2014 to 2016 were enrolled. Demographic data, history of eating aquatic local plants, the chief complains, and laboratory findings were recorded for each patient. Stool samples were obtained from each case for detection of Fasciola eggs. Moreover, blood samples were taken from each patient and evaluated for detection of anti-Fasciola antibodies by an indirect ELISA. Patients who defined as having fascioliasis were treated with triclabendazole and were followed for at least three months for clinical improvement.
Results: Serological test was positive in 5 patients. Of these 5 cases, three cases had a history of ingesting raw aquatic vegetables. The main clinical signs and symptoms in positive cases were; abdominal pain (60%), epigastric pain (40%), anemia (60%), and dermal pruritus (20%). Hypereosinophilia was seen in all of 5 positive cases. No Fasciola egg was found in stool specimens of any of the patients. The fascioliasis cases were treated by triclabendazole and clinical symptoms disappeared in all of 5 cases.
Conclusion: Our observation further confirmed Yasuj district as a human endemic area for fascioliasis in Iran. The study also highlighted the importance of clinical features together with eosinophilia, as key parameters, in the diagnosis of human fascioliasis. Clinicians need to be aware of this disease and should keep in mind fascioliasis when hypereosinophilia present in patients in such endemic areas.
Effects of Water Source, Sanitation and Hygiene on the Prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni among School Age Children in Jawe District, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: HAILU Tadesse , MULU Wondemagegn , ABERA Bayeh 
Published: March 2020

Background: Intestinal schistosomiasis is a disease caused by infection with one of the blood flukes called Schistosoma mansoni. The distribution of Schistosoma mansoni infection is high in Sub-Saharan Africa due to water source, sanitation and hygiene problems. This study aimed to determine the effect of water source, sanitation and hygiene on the prevalence of schistosomiasis among school-age children in Northwest Ethiopia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from Apr 2016 to Aug 2016. Children were selected by systematic random sampling and Formol Ether Concentration Technique (FECT) was used to identify Schistosoma mansoni infection. Statistical analysis was done using descriptive statistics and strength of association of schistosomiasis with determinant factors was calculated by bivariate analysis.
Results: Among 333 children, 7% were infected with Schistosoma mansoni. Using surface water for drinking, poor hand wash habit and latrine utilization were significantly associated (P<0.05) with Schistosoma mansoni infection.
Conclusion: Absence of safe water for bathing, washing and swimming, poor sanitation and hygiene practices were major risk factors for schistosomiasis. Therefore, health education should be given on the transmission of S. mansoni infection, pure water, sanitation and hygiene in S. mansoni endemic areas.
POSITIVE LEARNERS’ RESPONSES ON MORAL VALUES BASED STORIES: CONSTRUCTING AND DEVELOPING KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Alhakim Luqman , Sumardiono  
Published: March 2020

Purpose of the study: The study aims at investigating the students’ responses about moral education values behind the sentences from different historical texts in a classroom action research on the Intensive Reading course to find out their responses based on their experiences and to understand the values as well as understanding micro text elements.
Methodology: The subjects of the research are the 2nd-semester students at the English Language Education Program of Slamet Riyadi University, Indonesia. The research method is a classroom action research. The methods in collecting the data were observation, a questionnaire, and document analysis. The data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/ verification.
Main Findings: Research findings showed that the students’ responses on the passages entitled (1) “Restaurant Then and Now” indicates that they responded about local product, i.e. local food and beverages and beneficial activities during eating; (2) “Ray Harry hausen, Special Effects Genius” indicates they respond innovation, creativity, professionalism, and trust; (3) “Interview with a Young Environmentalist” indicates they respond professionalism, autonomous, creative, and working social activities together; and (4) “A New College Course: What Motivates Altruism?” show their response that valuable, sense of regard, autonomous, professionalism, and trust for altruism.
Applications of this study: The study can be useful in the area of English language teaching, especially in teaching reading because students have to read and respond. Responding occurs if there is integration between prior knowledge, language experience, and critical thinking; therefore the researchers intend to encourage them to respond to understand the texts fully.
Novelty/Originality of this study: Positive responses for positive sentences dominate the students’ response; so that they understand which sentence’s content is good or not at their mind. Their positive responses indicate that they are open, able to differentiate between good and bad activities, and able to read and assess the phenomena based on their various educational background.
Выявление и идентификация возбудителей бактериальных болезней пшеницы и ячменя в России
Authors: Словарева О. Ю. 
Published: March 2020

Экспорт зерна представляет собой важную статью продовольственного бизнеса в России. Импортерами российского зерна являются страны Европы, Азии, Африки и Южной Америки. Каждая страна-импортер предъявляет свои требования к фитосанитарному состоянию ввозимой продукции. Важным требованием импортеров является отсутствие в партиях зерна таких возбудителей бактериальных болезней зерновых культур, как Pectobacterium rhapontici, Rathayibacter tritici, Pseudomonas fuscovaginae, Pseudomonas syringae pvs., Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae, Xanthomonas translucens pvs., Rathayibacter rathayi и Pseudomonas cichorii. Достоверная информация о распространении данных видов бактерий на территории Российской Федерации ограничена. Методы выявления и идентификации возбудителей бактериозов на сегодняшний день не разработаны, что повышает риск распространения фитопатогенов, способных нанести существенный экономический вред сельскому хозяйству.
Цель данного исследования состояла в выявлении и идентификации возбудителей бактериальных болезней пшеницы и ячменя. Для этого нами был проведен сбор образцов растительного материала пшеницы и ячменя в Родионово-Несветайском, Мясниковском, Зерноградском, Азовском и Мартыновском районах Ростовской области. Представители различных штаммов бактерий были выделены из полученных образцов с использованием соответствующих питательных сред. Тестирование штаммов было проведено методом полимеразно-цепной реакции (ПЦР) с использованием праймеров, разработанных для участка 16S рибосомальной РНК (PSF/PSR и 8UA/519B), и праймеров SyD1/SyD2, подобранных для участка генома Pseudomonas syringae (GenBank CP047267.1), с последующим секвенированием по Сэнгеру.
В результате из проб пшеницы и ячменя были выделены и идентифицированы штаммы следующих бактерий: Curtobacterium sp., Paenibacillus sp., Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas azotoformans, P. poae, P. azotoformans, P. hibiscicola, P. fluorescens, Stenotrophomonas sp., P. syringae pv. syringae, P. syringae pv. atrofaciens, Bacillus sp., Erwinia sp., Pantoea sp. и Pantoea agglomerans.
Effect of indol-3-butric acid and chloromequate chloride on the vegetable and fruit growth of tomato plants
Authors: Suliman Ah. A. , Abramov A. G. 
Published: March 2020

Relevance. This study aimed to improve fruit set and plant performance to increase tomato productivity by studying the effect of plant growth regulators on tomato plants.Methods. A specific experiment has been carried out to study the effect of plant growth regulators Milagro (1% indol-3-butric acid) and Atlet active substances indol-3-butric acid and chloromequate chloride with applied doses (0.6 M/L, 1.0 M/L and 1.5 M/L) and (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 M/L) on growth and physiological characteristics of plants (Big Beef F1). The experimental design was a Complete Randomized Blocks Design. Both Hemo bles was applied three times (spraying on plants at 30 DAP, spraying on plants at 60 DAP and spraying on plants 90 DAP).Results. The obtained results showed that, Applying Milagro (1% indol-3-butric acid) had the highest significant Plant height (80.13, 128.77 and 239 cm), number of leaves/plant (18.0, 34.67 and 44.3) and stem diameter (1.07, 1.5 and 2.03 cm), fruit weight (122.0 and 136 g), Flower Clusters number in the plant (4.64, 13.33 and 16.33) and Fruits Number (61.67, 62.0 and 67) Over the three years of study. The results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s HSD test with α = 0.05 with the help of MINITAB (v. 19.0) program.