bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radio Access Network Slicing System
Authors: Schmidt Robert , Nikaein Navid 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNetwork slicing is one of the key enablers to provide the required flexibility for the envisioned service‐oriented 5G. We introduce a descriptor, a triple consisting of resources, processing, and state, as a means to describe base stations (BSs) and the embedded slices alike through a unifying description. Second, we propose a RAN slicing system, composed of the RAN runtime execution environment and accompanying controller based on this descriptor. This includes design and performance details of the employed system. Finally, we elaborate on the aspects of RAN slicing such as the radio resources, the processing chain of a slice, and its state.
On Common Spectrum and Active Infrastructure Sharing in Cloud Radio Access Networks
Authors: Boulos Karen , Khawam Kinda , Helou Melhem El , Ibrahim Marc , Martin Steven , Sawaya Hadi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCommon spectrum and active infrastructure sharing is promising to improve Quality of Service (QoS), without significant increase in Capital Expenditures (CAPEX) and Operational Expenditures (OPEX). Through sharing their spectral resources and active network components (e.g. antenna elements, switches, and backhaul equipment), Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) improve network coverage, capacity, and power savings. In this article, we propose two different approaches for multi‐MNO resource sharing in Cloud‐Radio Access Network (C‐RAN) architecture. As multisite resources are centrally managed, multi‐MNO resource sharing and statistical multiplexing further improve network coverage, capacity, and power savings in C‐RAN. In the first approach, spectrum sharing aims to enhance spectral efficiency through interference mitigation. In the second approach, spectrum sharing aims to increase capacity through multi‐MNO Carrier Aggregation (CA). Moreover, we evaluate these two approaches for different network load conditions over a real case topology, and highlight the benefits of sharing spectrum and active infrastructure in C‐RAN.
Security in Network Slicing
Authors: Porambage Pawani , Liyanage Madhusanka 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSecurity is a paramount property in network slicing (NS) as the concept itself is a source of numerous security issues. Among these, slice isolation is the most prominent security requirement in NS. However, since NS supports heterogeneous platforms, exploits more shared functions, and the slicing components can be implemented in firmware, ensuring a common level of security for all applications will be tricky. Although many works have been recently published on implementing NS technology in the fifth generation wireless networks, security in NS still not a thoroughly discovered area. In this article, we intend to investigate the security implications on NS technology and the potential research areas in the related fields.
Mode Selection in Cellular UnderlayD2D
Authors: Zhong Chen , Gursoy Mustafa C. , Velipasalar Senem 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDevice‐to‐device (D2D) communication underlaid with cellular networks is a paradigm proposed to enhance the performance of cellular networks. The underlay D2D mode is especially helpful in improving the utilization of the scarce cellular spectrum and has been extensively studied in the literature. While effectively providing higher spectral efficiency, underlaid D2D communication with spectrum reuse can also cause nonnegligible interference that can lead to degradation in cellular performance. Hence, interference mitigation is a critical consideration in cellular underlay D2D communications. In this article, we provide a survey on mode selection in cellular underlay D2D communications and detail the performance improvements along with interference management strategies.
D2D Physical‐Layer Design
Authors: Wei Chun‐Yi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe device‐to‐device (D2D) communication technology is one of the most significant evolutionary development of the LTE system. It introduces the new defined physical‐layer sidelink channel for the direct transmission between terminal devices, apart from the traditional base station‐assisted data transmission. The service and business opportunities motivated by the D2D communication technique are rapidly growing.In Rel‐12 of LTE system, the development of D2D is initiated by supporting the public‐safety application and proximity‐based service for commercial use. In Rel‐14, LTE has the ambition of supporting vehicular communication through the sidelink channel. It becomes one of the essential services and applications of sidelink communication technology. The sidelink technology has also been rapidly evolved with the new radio (NR) framework of 5G defined in Rel‐15. Atop of 5G NR technology, the standard of NR vehicle‐to‐everything (V2X) is under the normative work of the Rel‐16 LTE standardization.In this article, we introduce the fundamental physical‐layer design of D2D communication standardized for the LTE system. Additionally, we provide our views on the challenges and opportunities of NR sidelink in the physical layer. The low‐altitude unmanned aircraft vehicle (UAV) is another potential application that will benefit from the sidelink communication technology. Along with the evolution of the next‐generation mobile technology, the sidelink will play a more vital role and introduce more business and research opportunities than before.
Multicast Protocols forD2D
Authors: Bhardwaj Ajay , Agnihotri Samar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSupporting ever‐increasing number of mobile users with data‐hungry applications, running on battery‐limited devices, is a daunting challenge for the telecommunication community. Device‐to‐device (D2D) communication, which allows physically proximate mobile users to directly communicate with each other by reusing the spectrum, without going through the base station, holds promise to help us tackle this challenge. In a cellular network, D2D communication offers opportunities for spectrum reuse and spatial diversity that may lead to enhanced coverage, higher throughput, and robust communication in the network. Further, for applications such as weather forecasting and live streaming, which may require the same chunks of data distributed to geographically proximate users, D2D multicasting may provide better utilization of network resources compared to D2D unicast or the base station‐based multicast, such as LTE eMBMS. However, extensive deployment of D2D multicast in a network may introduce various issues, such as severe co‐channel interference due to spectrum reuse, underutilization of spectrum, and rapid battery depletion of the multicasting D2D nodes due to higher transmit power to mitigate co‐channel interference and facilitating data‐relaying. Therefore, this article discusses some of the challenges in supporting D2D multicast communication in cellular networks. It then surveys various existing approaches to address these challenges, which along with some future research directions may help us develop practical D2D multicast protocols for cellular networks.
Network Coding forD2D
Authors: Li Yue , Cai Lin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFor cellular downlink transmissions, we propose an approach leveraging cooperative device‐to‐device (D2D) communications and network coding (NC), which can substantially reduce the cellular resource consumption and the total energy consumption. In the proposed approach, the base station generates and broadcasts linear combinations based on the packets requested by different user equipments (UEs) until at least one UE can recover all the original packets, called mature UE. Then, a selected mature UE broadcasts new linear combinations based on the recovered original packets to neighbors via D2D until all UEs can decode their packets. A semi‐centralized cooperative control method is proposed for cellular uplink transmissions, where UE relays are randomly selected according to a certain density decided by the base station. Two specific cooperative approaches, i.e. the random UE relay approach and the NC approach, are proposed for D2D communications.
D2Dwith Energy Harvesting Capabilities
Authors: Chang Ronald Y. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDevice‐to‐device (D2D) communication is envisioned as a key enabling technology for fifth‐generation (5G) wireless systems and the Internet of Things (IoT). D2D promises increased resource utilization, throughput, and coverage, and decreased delays and power consumption, by offloading traffic from the centralized infrastructure to autonomous direct device‐to‐device transmissions. With the rise of D2D and IoT, which comprise typically small, battery‐powered devices, it is essential to consider the energy efficiency and sustainability of future D2D networks. Energy harvesting (EH) has emerged as a promising green and sustainable energy solution for D2D and IoT. EH technologies represent harnessing energy from ambient renewable energy sources and converting the harvested environmental energy into usable electrical energy via wireless power transfer (WPT) technologies. Among various renewable sources, radio frequency (RF) signals are more reliable and allow for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT), and therefore are of particular interest. EH‐aided D2D communication raises new resource allocation and interference management considerations nonexistent in conventional D2D communication, since cochannel interference, a main performance‐limiting factor in underlaid D2D networks, could be converted into useful energy. Issues such as power allocation/control, beamforming design, time allocation, and spectrum allocation, with the consideration of EH‐empowered D2D devices, have been investigated for EH‐aided D2D networks.
D2DinUAVNetworks
Authors: Trivedi Aditya , Pawar Praveen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe integration of device‐to‐device (D2D) communications technology plays an important role in improving system performance for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)‐supported networks. In this article, we present benefits and possible future challenges in the utilization of D2D communication with UAVs in wireless networks. The current status is drawn for the D2D communications underlaying cellular networks with UAVs as aerial base stations. Moreover, various fundamental problems are uncovered, and significant issues in the development of UAV networks are also highlighted.It concludes that the UAV with D2D communication plays a vital role for system capacity and coverage extension with reliable communication in the wireless networks.
5GS Network Slicing
Authors: Casati Alessio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNetwork Slicing is one of the main innovations cited as a benefit of the 5G system (5GS). While conceptually intuitive, implementing Network Slicing in a way that is economical to run and providing incremental revenue generation opportunities requires an in‐depth understanding of its workings. Further, an overall ecosystem effort must ensure the industry adopts best practices to simplify peering between operators and translation of customer use cases into compelling communication services offerings. This paper provides exposure to both 5GS Network Slicing technical details and exposes the main ecosystem challenges that need to be overcome for successful adoption.
SDN‐Based Session and Mobility Management in5GNetworks
Authors: Kaloxylos Alexandros , Spapis Panagiotis , Moscholios Ioannis 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe analysis performed in this article is a concise proposal on how SDN solutions can be integrated into 5G mobile networks in order to address key cellular network challenges related to session and mobility management. Initially, we present the key characteristics of SDN and how session and mobility management are performed in this type of networks. Then we present how session and mobility management are performed in 5G mobile networks and what are the potential drawbacks of the conventional designs that could lead to excessive signaling and/or delays. Then, we analyze how the mobility management can be enhanced using SDN in ultra‐dense 5G networks, where current solutions will lead to an explosion of the signaling cost. Furthermore, we analyze how handling of local traffic in 5G mobile networks using SDN will reduce the delays and the core network signaling in specific 5G use cases, that of fog computing and V2X communications.
Seamless Indoor/Outdoor Coverage in5G
Authors: Imran Muhammad A. , Turkmen Aysenur , Ozturk Metin , Nadas João , Abbasi Qammer H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDensely deployment of the small cells in 5G networks will bring high‐quality service to the end users as well as will solve the small footprint coverage problem of millimeter‐waves. The increase in the number of small cells will require self‐organized systems to enable the seamless transaction between heterogeneous network environment. Therefore, a survey‐style study on self‐organized seamless coverage in 5G, covering millimeter‐wave features and its indoor and outdoor coverage along with some machine learning techniques are presented in this article.
An Overview of Machine Learning Applied in WirelessUAVNetworks
Authors: Klaine Paulo V. , Souza Richard D. , Zhang Lei , Imran Muhammad 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUnmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are expected to be deployed in future cellular networks in a wide range of scenarios, such as to rapidly restore network service after natural disasters, to provide extra coverage to wireless networks, or to deliver content to remote locations. However, despite their benefits, several issues are still present in UAV networks, such as how to determine their optimal positioning or trajectory, how to perform resource management or manage interference to name a few. One way of solving these issues is by analyzing data coming from the network to learn patterns and react accordingly. These solutions, rely on machine learning algorithms, and by integrating them in UAV networks, more autonomous and flexible systems can be achieved. Based on that, several recent works have explored this concept of integrating UAVs and machine learning algorithms in wireless networks. As such, this article presents an overview machine learning applications in aerial wireless networks. Before reviewing these works, an introduction to key machine learning concepts and categories is performed. After that, a literature review of current state‐of‐the‐art research is presented, followed by a discussion on future research directions and paradigms in UAV‐aided wireless networks. Lastly, conclusions are drawn.
Security for Handover andD2DCommunication in5G HetNets
Authors: Ozhelvaci Alican , Ma Maode 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) leads the standards for the next‐generation mobile communication technology which is under the development. This is called 5G wireless mobile networks that has become the paradigm to bring not only solutions for the rising demand for huge data traffic but also massively connected devices, such as internet of things (IoT) and new services. Also, 5G is expected to supply the fastest, most reliable network access to support huge data traffic and massively connected nodes with low latency and high throughput. There are different new technologies that are emerging to tackle requirements of the 5G networks, such as Network Function Virtualization (NFV), Software‐Defined Networking (SDN), and Heterogeneous Network (HetNet). However, the new case scenarios and new system architecture of 5G HetNets are vulnerable against various attacks; therefore, we now have the unique opportunity to identify research directions for the next generation based on existing security and privacy issues as well as already proposed security mechanisms or solutions. Hence, this article presents a comprehensive survey on security issues that are happening in handover authentication and device‐to‐device (D2D) communication on 5G HetNets. The article begins with the explanation of the requirements of 5G mobile networks and gives the overall architecture of the 5G and the security architecture of the 5G systems. Subsequently, we focus security features and techniques for handover authentication and D2D group communication which incur a big security challenge in 5G HetNets. Finally, the future directions of handover and D2D security are discussed for 5G HetNets.
Safety of the Zoster Vaccine Recombinant Adjuvanted in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Other Systemic Rheumatic Disease Patients: A Single Center's Experience With 400 Patients
Authors: Stevens Emma , Weinblatt Michael E. , Massarotti Elena , Griffin Frances , Emani Srinivas , Desai Sonali 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivePatients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other systemic rheumatic diseases (SRDs) are at increased risk of developing herpes zoster (HZ). Zoster recombinant adjuvanted (ZRA) is a recombinant vaccine approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2018. Concern has been raised that the ZRA may trigger disease flares in rheumatology patients who are immunocompromised. We investigated the impact of the ZRA vaccine in patients with RA and SRD and measured the incidence of flares and side effects.MethodsA flare was defined as occurring within 12 weeks of vaccine administration by either 1) documentation of RA flare in office notes, telephone encounter, or patient portal communication or 2) new or increased dose of corticosteroids.ResultsWe identified 403 patients (239 patients with RA and 164 patients with SRD) who received the ZRA vaccine from February 1, 2018, to February 1, 2019. We measured a 6.7% (n = 27) incidence of flare. Side effects occurred in 12.7% (n = 51) of patients. All flares and side effects were regarded as mild. Three cases of HZ were reported as occurring 2, 10, and 11 months after the vaccination.ConclusionIn 403 patients who received the ZRA vaccine, the incidence of disease flares was 7% or less and that of side effects was 13% or less, both of which are less than the incidence rates observed in the pivotal trials.
Pore Chemistry of Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Ji Zhe , Wang Haoze , Canossa Stefano , Wuttke Stefan , Yaghi Omar M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe pores in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) can be functionalized by placing chemical entities along the backbone and within the backbone. This chemistry is enabled by the architectural, thermal, and chemical robustness of the frameworks and the ability to characterize them by many diffraction and spectroscopic techniques. The pore chemistry of MOFs is articulated in terms of site isolation, coupling, and cooperation and relate that to their functions in guest recognition, catalysis, ion and electron transport, energy transfer, pore‐dynamic modulation, and interface construction. It is envisioned that the ultimate control of pore chemistry requires arranging functionalities into defined sequences and developing techniques for reading and writing such sequences within the pores.
Li‐CO2 Batteries Efficiently Working at Ultra‐Low Temperatures
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Wang Lie , Zhao Yang , Li Shangyu , Fu Xuemei , Wang Bingjie , Peng Huisheng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLithium‐carbon dioxide (Li‐CO2) batteries are considered promising energy‐storage systems in extreme environments with ultra‐high CO2 concentrations, such as Mars with 96% CO2 in the atmosphere, due to their potentially high specific energy densities. However, besides having ultra‐high CO2 concentration, another vital but seemingly overlooked fact lies in that Mars is an extremely cold planet with an average temperature of approximately −60 °C. The existing Li‐CO2 batteries could work at room temperature or higher, but they will face severe performance degradation or even a complete failure once the ambient temperature falls below 0 °C. Herein, ultra‐low‐temperature Li‐CO2 batteries are demonstrated by designing 1,3‐dioxolane‐based electrolyte and iridium‐based cathode, which show both a high deep discharge capacity of 8976 mAh g−1 and a long lifespan of 150 cycles (1500 h) with a fixed 500 mAh g−1 capacity per cycle at −60 °C. The easy‐to‐decompose discharge products in small size on the cathode and the suppressed parasitic reactions both in the electrolyte and on the Li anode at low temperatures together contribute to the above high electrochemical performances.
Long‐Term Oxygen Storage Nanosystem for Near‐Infrared Light‐Triggered Oxygen Supplies to Antagonize Hypoxia‐Induced Therapeutic Resistance in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: You Yuanyuan , Zhao Zhennan , He Lizhen , Sun Zhibo , Zhang Dong , Shi Changzheng , Cheng Qingqing , Liu Yiyong , Luo Liangping , Chen Tianfeng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractO2‐delivering nanosystems have been used to antagonize hypoxia‐induced tumor therapeutic resistance. However, short‐time oxygen storage is still a bottleneck for these O2‐delivering nanosystems, which results in a decrease in blood circulation time and accumulation of oxygen in tumors, thus reducing the tumor therapeutic efficacy. Herein, a long‐term oxygen storage nanosystem (O2‐PIr@Si@PDA) is designed to overcome hypoxia for the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This nanosystem is constructed by using perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB) core as the oxygen carrier, functionalized with an oxygen sensitive probe (Ir(III) complex) and subsequently enclosed with an ultrathin‐walled silica shell. Due to the silica shell, this nanosystem can store oxygen for longer than 7 days. The oxygen in the O2‐PIr@Si@PDA nanosystem can be released quickly with the temperature‐responsive rupture of the silicon shell under near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation. The oxygen storage and release can be self‐monitored using the Ir(III) complex with its luminescence effect. As expected, this multifunctional nanosystem in combination with NIR irradiation not only inhibits tumor growth by alleviating hypoxia, but also enhances the effect of oxygen‐sensitized radiotherapy against nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Taken together, this study offers a novel strategy for designing long‐term oxygen storing nanosystem to relieve tumor hypoxia, thus improving the precise cancer therapeutic efficacy.
Pinecone‐Inspired Nanoarchitectured Smart Microcages Enable Nano/Microparticle Drug Delivery
Authors: Zhang Shichao , Zhou Sheng , Liu Hui , Xing Malcolm , Ding Bin , Li Bingyun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDrug delivery plays a vital role in medicine and health, but the on‐demand delivery of large‐sized drugs using stimuli‐triggered carriers is extremely challenging. Most present capsules consist of polymeric dense shells with nanosized pores (<10 nm), thus typically lack permeability for nano/microparticle drugs. Here, a pinecone‐inspired smart microcage with open network shells, assembled from cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), is reported for nano/microparticle drug delivery. The approach allows the nanoarchitectured, functionalized CNFs to assemble into mechanically robust, haystack‐like network shells with tunable large‐through pores and polypeptide‐anchored points on a large scale. Such open network shells can intelligently open/close triggered by lesion stimuli, making the therapy “always on‐demand.” The resulting pinecone‐inspired microcages exhibit integrated properties of superior structural stability, superhydrophilicity, and pH‐triggered, smart across‐shell transport of emerging antimicrobial silver nanoparticles and bioactive silicate nanoplatelets (sizes of >100 nm), which enable both extraordinary anti‐infection and bone regeneration. This work provides new insights into the design and development of multifunctional encapsulation and delivery carriers for medical and environmental applications.