bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conventional and zero liquid discharge treatment plants for textile wastewater through the lens of carbon footprint analysis
Authors: Mohan S. , Oke Ninad , Gokul D. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Effluent treatment plants act as the last line of defense against the discharge of pollutants from industrial effluents. The higher resource consumption, variety of dyes, and auxiliary chemicals used for textile manufacturing classify it as a highly polluting industry. Standards for color, organics, and dissolved solids are becoming more stringent with time, and local regulators are forced to insist on the establishment of zero liquid discharge (ZLD) units. However, the application of the ZLD concept has the major limitation of high energy consumption when compared with the conventional wastewater treatment plant. The application of carbon footprint analysis to both units would provide a comprehensive solution to the carbon footprint computation and bring out the advantages of the ZLD. The carbon footprint of a typical ZLD treatment facility in south India was found to be 10,598 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent per year (tCO2eq/year), which is only one-third more than that of a conventional treatment plant. The carbon footprint of a given ZLD treatment facility can effectively be used as a performance indicator to limit the overall energy consumption.
Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG): Breakthrough and Clinical Perspective
Authors: Perrone Maria Grazia , Ruggiero Antonio , Centonze Antonella , Carrieri Antonio , Ferorelli Savina , Scilimati Antonio 
Published: August 2020

:
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) mainly affects children with a median age
of 6-7 years old. It accounts for 10% of all pediatric tumors. Unfortunately, DIPG has a poor
prognosis, and the median survival is generally less than 16-24 months independently from
the treatment received. Up to now, children with DIPG are treated with focal radiotherapy
alone or in combination with antitumor agents.

:
In the last decade, ONC201 known as dopamine receptor antagonist was uncovered, by a high
throughput screening of public libraries of compounds, to be endowed with cytotoxic activity
against several cancer cell lines. Efforts were made to identify the real ONC201 target, responsible
for its antiproliferative effect. The hypothesized targets were the Tumor necrosis
factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand stimulation (TRAIL), two oncogenic kinases
(ERK/AKT system) that target the same tumor-suppressor gene (FOXO3a), dopamine receptors
(DRD2 and DRD3 subtypes) and finally the mitochondrial Caseynolitic Protease P
(ClpP). ONC201 structure-activity relationship is extensively discussed in this review, together
with other two classes of compounds, namely ADEPs and D9, already known for their
antibiotic activity but noteworthy to be discussed and studied as potential “leads” for the development
of new drugs to be used in the treatment of DIPG.

:
In this review, a detailed and critical description of ONC201, ADEPs, and D9 pro-apoptotic
activity is made, with particular attention to the specific interactions established with its targets
that also are intimately described. Pubmed published patents and clinical trial reports of
the last ten years were used as the bibliographic source.
Role of Opioidergic System in Regulating Depression Pathophysiology
Authors: Anderson George , Maes Michael 
Published: August 2020

Background:
There is a clear clinical need for a better understanding of the biological underpinnings
of major depressive disorder (MDD), allowing for the development of a treatment that is targeted to pathophysiology.
Recent data indicate a role for the endogenous opioidergic system in MDD. This article reviews the roles
and physiological interactions of the endogenous opioidergic system in the pathophysiology and heterogeneity of
MDD.

Methods:
Articles on the pathophysiology of MDD, as well as on the endogenous opioidergic system and mitochondrial
function, form the basis of this review article.

Results:
The endogenous opioidergic system is intimately linked to wider MDD pathophysiology, including
alterations in the gut microbiome, gut permeability, circadian rhythm, amygdala-prefrontal cortex interactions,
and mitochondrial function. A decrease in the μ-/κ-opioid receptor ratio is an important mediator of the changes
in mood in MDD, with effects not only on neurons, but also on glia and immune cells.

Conclusion:
The endogenous opioidergic system is intimately interwoven with MDD pathophysiology and provides
a relevant target for novel treatment development, as well as providing a focus for the integration of wider
MDD pathophysiology.
CDKN2B-AS1: An Indispensable Long Non-coding RNA in Multiple Diseases
Authors: Song Chaoying , Qi Yuying , Zhang Jiali , Guo Chong , Yuan Chengfu 
Published: August 2020

Background:
In view of the roles of long non-coding RNA CDKN2B antisense RNA 1 (CDKN2BAS1)
in various human diseases, we investigated the function of CDKN2B-AS1 and explored its therapeutic and
prognostic target value in multiple biological processes. The aim of this review was to explore the molecular
mechanism and clinical significance of CDKN2B-AS1 in various types of diseases.

Materials and Methods:
In this review, the biological functions and mechanisms of lncRNA CDKN2B-AS1 in a
variety of pathophysiological processes were summarized and analyzed. The correlated studies were collected via
a systematic search of PubMed, Wiley Online Library, and ScienceDirect.

Results:
CDKN2B-AS1 is a potential long non-coding RNA that has been shown to be aberrantly expressed in
various malignancies, containing hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, esophageal
squamous cell carcinoma, gastric cancer, colonic adenocarcinoma, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer,
glioma, lung cancer, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and osteosarcoma, involving in the processes of tumor
cells proliferation, migration, invasion and inhibition of tumor cells apoptosis. Besides, CDKN2B-AS1 has been
proved implicated in numerous non-malignant diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, endometriosis,
inflammatory bowel disease, intracranial aneurysm, diabetes mellitus and its complications, primary open angle
glaucoma, ischemic stroke, atherosclerosis, coronary artery diseases, hypertension and heart failure, participating
in the procession of lipid, carbohydrate metabolism and inflammation regulation.

Conclusions:
Long non-coding RNA CDKN2B-AS1 likely serves as a promising therapeutic target or prognosis
biomarker in multiple human diseases.
Discovery of Potent SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitors from Approved Antiviral Drugs via Docking and Virtual Screening
Authors: Chtita Samir , Belhassan Assia , Aouidate Adnane , Belaidi Salah , Bouachrine Mohammed , Lakhlifi Tahar 
Published: August 2020

Background:Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to threaten patients, societies and healthcare systems around the world. There is an urgent need to search for possible medications.Objective:This article intends to use virtual screening and molecular docking methods to find potential inhibitors from existing drugs that can respond to COVID-19.Methods:To take part in the current research investigation and to define a potential target drug that may protect the world from the pandemic of corona disease, a virtual screening study of 129 approved drugs was carried out which showed that their metabolic characteristics, dosages used, potential efficacy and side effects are clear as they have been approved for treating existing infections. Especially 12 drugs against chronic hepatitis B virus, 37 against chronic hepatitis C virus, 37 against human immunodeficiency virus, 14 anti-herpesvirus, 11 anti-influenza, and 18 other drugs currently on the market were considered for this study. These drugs were then evaluated using virtual screening and molecular docking studies on the active site of the (SARS-CoV-2) main protease (6lu7). Once the efficacy of the drug is determined, it can be approved for its in vitro and in vivo activity against the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which can be beneficial for the rapid clinical treatment of patients.:These drugs were considered potentially effective against SARS-CoV-2 and those with high molecular docking scores were proposed as novel candidates for repurposing. The N3 inhibitor cocrystallized with protease (6lu7) and the anti-HIV protease inhibitor Lopinavir were used as standards for comparison.Results:The results suggest the effectiveness of Beclabuvir, Nilotinib, Tirilazad, Trametinib and Glecaprevir as potent drugs against SARS-CoV-2 since they tightly bind to its main protease.Conclusion:These promising drugs can inhibit the replication of the virus; hence, the repurposing of these compounds is suggested for the treatment of COVID-19. No toxicity measurements are required for these drugs since they were previously tested prior to their approval by the FDA. However, the assessment of these potential inhibitors as clinical drugs requires further in vivo tests of these drugs.
Three-Decade Failure to the Eradication of Refractory Helicobacter pylori Infection and Recent Efforts to Eradicate the Infection
Authors: Moghadam Majid T. , Chegini Zahra , Norouzi Amin , Dousari Amin S. , Shariati Aref 
Published: August 2020

Background:Helicobacter pylori causes dangerous and deadly diseases such as gastric cancer and duodenal ulcers. Eradication and treatment of this bacterium are very important due to the deadly diseases caused by H. pylori and the high cost of treatment for countries.Results:Many efforts have been made to control and eradicate this bacterium over the years, but no success has been achieved since its eradication is a complex process affected by the bacterial properties and host factors. Previous studies have shown that various factors are involved in the failure to eradicate H. pylori, such as new genotypes of the bacterium with higher pathogenicity, inappropriate patient cooperation, mutations, biofilm formation and dormant forms that cause antibiotic resistance, acidic stomach pH, high bacterial load, smoking, immunosuppressive features and intracellular occurrence of H. pylori. On the other hand, recent studies reported that the use of probiotics, nanoparticles, antimicrobial peptides, natural product and vaccines can be helpful in the treatment and eradication of H. pylori infections.Methods:Thus, we present a complete list of the most important causes of failure in the treatment and eradication of H. pylori, and address new therapeutic methods that may be effective in controlling this bacterium in the future.Conclusion:Eradication of H. pylori is crucial for the treatment of important diseases such as gastric cancer. Therefore, it seems that identifying the failure causes of treating this bacterium can be helpful in controlling the infections. Besides, further studies on new therapeutic strategies may help eradicate H. pylori in the future.
Self-defining Memories and their Contribution to the Sense of Self in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Haj Mohamad EL , Allain Philippe 
Published: August 2020

Aims:
Unlike autobiographical memory (i.e., memory for personal information) in Alzheimer’s
Disease (AD), little is known about Self-Defining Memories (SDM) (i.e., memories of highly
significant personal events) in AD.

Methods:
The characteristics of self-defining memories in AD were evaluated by analyzing their specificity,
emotional valence, and integration, as well as their centrality and contribution to self-continuity.
Results demonstrated fewer specific SDM in AD participants than in controls.

Results:
No significant differences were observed between AD participants and controls regarding the
production of positive or integrated SDM. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed between
AD participants and controls regarding the rating of the centrality of SDM and their contribution
to self-continuity. These results demonstrate that, although AD participants produce fewer specific SDM
than controls, both populations have similar levels of emotional valence, integration, centrality, and selfcontinuity
of these memories.

Conclusion:
It is concluded that patients with AD, at least those in the mild stages of the disease, can
build on significant personal events and experiences (i.e., SDM) to reflect on how these events have
changed the way they see themselves.
The Effect of Spinal Cord Injury on Beta-Amyloid Plaque Pathology in TgCRND8 Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Yuan Qiuju , Yang Jian , Xian Yan-Fang , Liu Rong , Chan Chun W. , Wu Wutian , Lin Zhi-Xiu 
Published: August 2020

Background:
The accumulation and aggregation of Aβ as amyloid plaques, the hallmark
pathology of the Alzheimer.s disease, has been found in other neurological disorders, such as traumatic
brain injury. The axonal injury may contribute to the formation of Aβ plaques. Studies to date have
focused on the brain, with no investigations of spinal cord, although brain and cord share the same
cellular components.

Objective:
We utilized a spinal cord transection model to examine whether spinal cord injury acutely
induced the onset or promote the progression of Aβ plaque 3 days after injury in TgCRND8 transgenic
model of AD.

Methods:
Spinal cord transection was performed in TgCRND8 mice and its littermate control wild type
mice at the age of 3 and 20 months. Immunohistochemical reactions/ELISA assay were used to
determine the extent of axonal damage and occurrence/alteration of Aβ plaques or levels of Aβ at different
ages in the spinal cord of TgCRND8 mice.

Results:
After injury, widespread axonal pathology indicated by intra-axonal co-accumulations of APP
and its product, Aβ, was observed in perilesional region of the spinal cord in the TgCRND8 mice at the
age of 3 and 20 months, as compared to age-matched non-TgCRND8 mice. However, no Aβ plaques
were found in the TgCRND8 mice at the age of 3 months. The 20-month-old TgCRND8 mice with established
amyloidosis in spinal cord had a reduction rather than increase in plaque burden at the lesion
site compared to the tissue adjacent to the injured area and corresponding area in sham mice following
spinal cord transection. The lesion site of spinal cord area was occupied by CD68 positive macrophages/
activated microglia in injured mice compared to sham animals. These results indicate that spinal
cord injury does not induce the acute onset and progression of Aβ plaque deposition in the spinal cord of
TgCRND8 mice. Conversely, it induces the regression of Aβ plaque deposition in TgCRND8 mice.

Conclusion:
The findings underscore the dependence of traumatic axonal injury in governing acute Aβ
plaque formation and provide evidence that Aβ plaque pathology may not play a role in secondary injury
cascades following spinal cord injury.
A Conceptual Framework for Research on Cognitive Impairment with no Dementia in Memory Clinic
Authors: Huang Lin , Chen Keliang , Liu Zhao , Guo Qihao 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Identifying and classifying individuals with Cognitive Impairment-No Dementia
(CIND) has further challenged diagnostic methods, since varying the cutoffs for objective impairment
as well as the neuropsychological tests considered can significantly affect diagnosis. Therefore, we
investigated the applicability of an actuarial neuropsychological approach for clinical subdivision of
CIND and quantified the variability in diagnostic outcomes that results from diverse neuropsychologically
derived definition of objective cognitive impairment.

Methods:
1459 non-demented, clinic-based individuals were recruited from a monocentric memory
clinic from 1/1/2016/ to 1/1/2018 and classified as Cognitively Normal (NC), Slight Cognitive Symptom
(SCS), SSubtle Cognitive Decline (SCD) or Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) via different diagnostic
strategies, which varied the composition of objective cognitive assessments involved in the diagnostic
process.

Results:
We compared two methods of criteria proposed by Jak/Bondi and Petersen/Winblad to classify
individuals with CIND. A substantial range of differences in the percentages recognized as NC, SCS,
SCD, and MCI was presented, depending on the classification criteria adopted. Our data revealed that
the application of a set of six neuropsychological scores dividing CIND into 4 subgroups (NC, SCS,
SCD, and MCI) was able to classify all non-demented individuals without overlap or omission.

Conclusion:
Our study provided clinical support for an operational framework of the CIND classification
system and underlined the value of applying comprehensive neuropsychological assessments for
definition. The concept of SCS, considered appropriate for a preclinical stage, was proposed as the
symptomatic definition for early intervention.
The Parietal Atrophy Score on Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a Reliable Visual Scale
Authors: Silhan David , Bartos Ales , Mrzilkova Jana , Pashkovska Olga , Ibrahim Ibrahim , Tintera Jaroslav 
Published: August 2020

Aims:
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the reliability of our new visual scale for a
quick atrophy assessment of parietal lobes on brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) among
different professionals. A good agreement would justify its use for differential diagnosis of
neurodegenerative dementias, especially early-onset Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), in clinical settings.

Methods:
The visual scale named the Parietal Atrophy Score (PAS) is based on a semi-quantitative
assessment ranging from 0 (no atrophy) to 2 (prominent atrophy) in three parietal structures (sulcus
cingularis posterior, precuneus, parietal gyri) on T1-weighted MRI coronal slices through the whole
parietal lobes. We used kappa statistics to evaluate intra-rater and inter-rater agreement among four
raters who independently scored parietal atrophy using PAS. Rater 1 was a neuroanatomist (JM), rater 2
was an expert in MRI acquisition and analysis (II), rater 3 was a medical student (OP) and rater 4 was a
neurologist (DS) who evaluated parietal atrophy twice in a 3-month interval to assess intra-rater
agreement. All raters evaluated the same 50 parietal lobes on brain MRI of 25 cognitively normal
individuals with even distribution across all atrophy degrees from none to prominent according to the
neurologist’s rating.

Results:
Intra-rater agreement was almost perfect with the kappa value of 0.90. Inter-rater agreement
was moderate to substantial with kappa values ranging from 0.43-0.86.

Conclusion:
The Parietal Atrophy Score is the reliable visual scale among raters of different professions
for a quick evaluation of parietal lobes on brain MRI within 1-2 minutes. We believe it could be used as
an adjunct measure in differential diagnosis of dementias, especially early-onset AD.
PCSK9 Inhibitors and Ezetimibe Monotherapy in Patients Not Receiving Statins: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Benhuri Benjamin , Ueyama Hiroki , Takagi Hisato , Briasoulis Alexandros , Kuno Toshiki 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Statins are the mainstay of treatment for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
(LDL-C) lowering, however, some patients cannot tolerate statins because of adverse effects. Ezetimibe
and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) are alternative treatment options.
The purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare LDL-C reduction with ezetimibe vs PCSK9i in patients
not on statins.

Methods:
PubMed and EMBASE were searched until 14th March 2020 for randomized clinical trials
(RCTs) assessing the efficacy of ezetimibe vs PCSK9i in patients not on statins. The primary outcome
was a reduction in LDL-C levels. A subgroup analysis of statin intolerant patients was also performed.

Results:
We identified 8 RCTs that enrolled a total of 1602 patients comparing the two pharmacotherapies.
PCSK9i lowered LDL-C levels significantly more than ezetimibe (mean difference (MD): -36.5;
95% confidence interval (CI) [-38.3, -34.7, p<0.00001, I2=4%]. In the statin intolerant subgroup,
PCSK9i showed significantly greater reduction in LDL-C levels compared with ezetimibe (MD: -36.1;
95% CI [-39.2, -33.1, p<0.00001, I2=21%]. There were no significant differences in LDL-C reduction
between different PCSK9i dosages (140 mg once every 2 weeks vs 420 mg once every 4 weeks) (MD:
-1.87; 95% CI [-4.45, 0.71, p<0.16, I2=0].

Conclusions:
Among patients who are statin intolerant or not receiving statins, PCSK9i use is associated
with significantly lower LDL-C levels than after treatment with ezetimibe. PCSK9i might be useful in
the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in this subset of patients.
Synthesis of Four Eugenol Metabolites
Authors: Jia Xixi , Zhou Hao , Liu Xiwang , Li Jianyong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract::
Four eugenol metabolites were concisely synthesized and their structures were confirmed by
1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and high-resolution mass (HR-MS). Among them, the synthesis of eugenol-β-Dglucuronide
(3) and eugenol sulfate (4) was reported for the first time. The successful synthesis of the
four eugenol metabolites provides a material basis for further metabolic study of prodrug aspirin eugenol
ester (AEE).
The Suitability of Lipases for the Synthesis of Bioactive Compounds with Cosmeceutical Applications
Authors: Alvarez Elena , Villa Rocio , Nieto Susana , Donaire Antonio , García-Verdugo Eduardo , Luis Santiago V. , Lozano Pedro 
Published: August 2020

:
Cosmeceuticals are cosmetic products containing biologically active ingredients with attractive
properties (e.g. anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, photoprotective activity, etc.).
The aim of these compounds is to offer pharmaceutically therapeutic benefits. The active ingredients
can be extracted and purified from natural sources, including plants and animals, or be obtained by
biotechnological methodologies (e.g. fermentation, enzymatic synthesis, etc.). Recent years have
been increased interest in the design and development of bioactive compounds with cosmeceutical
applications and low toxicity. The enzymatic synthesis of bioactive esters, based on esterification or
transesterification, has attracted much interest because of the interesting properties of the resulting
products and because, by replacing traditional chemical catalysts, this approach leads towards the development
of more sustainable processes that follow the principles of Green Chemistry. This review
gives an overview of the excellent suitability of lipases as biocatalysts for producing bioactive compounds
with attractive properties for the cosmetics industry.