Abstract A44: Functional models of chromosome arm-level aneuploidies in cancer
Authors: Taylor Alison M. , Jain Sejal , Shih Juliann , Cherniack Andrew D. , Beroukhim Rameen , Meyerson Matthew 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Aneuploidy, whole-chromosome or chromosome arm copy number imbalance, is a near-universal characteristic of human cancers. We previously applied methods that define chromosome arm-level aneuploidy and a global cancer aneuploidy score to 10,522 tumors of 33 types in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Aneuploidy level was correlated with TP53 mutation, somatic mutation rate, and expression of proliferation genes. Overall aneuploidy was anti-correlated with expression of immune signaling genes, due to decreased leukocyte infiltrates in high-aneuploidy samples. In contrast, some individual chromosome arm alterations correlated with higher expression of immune signaling genes, including deletion of chromosome 3p, 8p, and 17p. Cancer subtypes are often characterized by tumor specific patterns of arm-level copy number alterations; for example, squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) from different tissues of origin (including lung, esophagus, and bladder) have a pattern of chromosome 3p loss and chromosome 3q gain. Although yeast and mammalian models of whole-chromosome aneuploidies have been extensively investigated, chromosome arm-level aneuploidies have rarely been modeled. However, recent advances in genome engineering and targeting of endonucleases allow generation of large chromosomal alterations. We used the CRISPR-Cas9 system to delete one copy of chromosome 3p in human immortalized lung epithelial cells, validated in 8 clones by whole-genome sequencing. Consistent with patient data, expression of 3p genes was decreased upon deletion, as well as increased expression of interferon response genes. Phenotypic characterization revealed that cells with chromosome 3p deletion initially proliferated more slowly than their siblings. These chromosome 3p-deleted cells had increased G1 arrest but did not undergo increased apoptosis or cell death. Interestingly, after several passages in culture, the proliferation defect was rescued in chromosome 3p-deleted cells; genome sequencing and karyotype analyses suggested that this was partially the result of chromosome 3 duplication. With our cellular model of chromosome arm-level aneuploidy, we uncovered a selection mechanism that allowed aneuploidy tolerance in vitro. We have also grown these cells in spheroid and organoid culture systems to assess the effects of chromosome 3 arm-level aneuploidies on cytokine production and squamous differentiation and are using these systems to identify how chromosome 3p deletion affects drug sensitivity. In conclusion, our genome engineering approach to model chromosome arm-level deletions provides a robust model that will address a gap in our understanding of aneuploidy in cancer.
Citation Format: Alison M. Taylor, Sejal Jain, Juliann Shih, Andrew D. Cherniack, Rameen Beroukhim, Matthew Meyerson. Functional models of chromosome arm-level aneuploidies in cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Evolving Landscape of Cancer Modeling; 2020 Mar 2-5; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A44.