bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A mathematical model for COVID‐19 pandemic—SIIR model: Effects of asymptomatic individuals
Authors: Tomochi Masaki , Kono Mitsuo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA new mathematical model called SIIR model is constructed to describe the spread of infection by taking account of the characteristics of COVID‐19 and is verified by the data from Japan. The following features of COVID‐19: (a) there exist presymptomatic individuals who have infectivity even during the incubation period, (b) there exist asymptomatic individuals who can freely move around and play crucial roles in the spread of infection, and (c) the duration of immunity may be finite, are incorporated into the SIIR model. The SIIR model has the advantage of being able to explicitly handle asymptomatic individuals who are delayed in discovery or are extremely difficult to be discovered in the real world. It is shown that the conditions for herd immunity in the SIIR model become more severe than those in the SIR model; that is, the presence of asymptomatic individuals increases herd immunity threshold (HIT).
The value of the platelet count and platelet indices in differentiation of COVID‐19 and influenza pneumonia
Authors: Ozcelik Neslihan , Ozyurt Songul , Yilmaz Kara Bilge , Gumus Aziz , Sahin Unal 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIt is difficult to distinguish coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) from other viral respiratory tract infections owing to the similarities in clinical and radiological findings. This study aims to determine the clinical importance of platelet count and platelet indices in the differentiation of COVID‐19 from influenza and the value of these parameters in the differential diagnosis of COVID‐19. The medical records of the patients and the electronic patient monitoring system were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic characteristics, admission symptoms, laboratory findings, radiological involvement, comorbidities, and mortality of the patients were recorded. Forty‐three patients diagnosed with influenza and 54 diagnosed with COVID‐19 were included in the study. The average age of the COVID‐19 patients was lower than that of the influenza patients (influenza: 60.5 years, COVID‐19: 52.4 years; pp = 0.024),.024), and the male gender was predominant in the COVID‐19 group (influenza: 42%, COVID‐19: 56%). According to laboratory findings, the mean platelet volume (MPV) and MPV/platelet ratio were statistically significantly lower, whereas the eosinophil count and platelet distribution width levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the COVID‐19 group. It was found that the most common symptom in both groups was dyspnea and that the symptom was more prevalent among influenza patients. In the diagnosis of COVID‐19, the platelet count and platelet indices are easily accessible, inexpensive, and important parameters in terms of differential diagnosis and can help in the differentiation of COVID‐19 from influenza during seasonal outbreaks of the latter.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of factors associated with re‐positive viral RNA after recovery from COVID‐19
Authors: Hoang Tung 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPrevious studies reported the positive viral RNA among coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) recovered patients. This study aimed to summarize the current evidence of factors associated with the risk of disease recurrence. PubMed and Embase were searched until September 2020 to identify studies assessing characteristics of recurrence and nonrecurrence subjects after discharge. Random‐effect meta‐analysis was used to pool estimates of odds ratio (OR) or weighted mean difference (WMD) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) across studies. Meta‐analysis data were available for age, sex, hospital duration, disease severity, seven comorbidities, five symptoms, five indexes of blood routine, nine indexes of blood biochemistry, four treatment therapies, two antibodies, and history of high‐risk contact. Among them, hospital duration of recurrence cases was significantly shorter than nonrecurrence subjects (WMD, −1.55 days; 95% CI, −2.66 to −0.45). Fatigue, positive Immunoglobulin M (IgM), and positive IgG were associated with an increased risk of recurrence cases, with ORs and 95% CIs of 4.06 (1.14–14.4), 2.95 (1.15–7.61), and 3.45 (1.58–7.54), respectively. In contrast, the odds of recurrence cases were observed to significantly lower in subjects with elevated lactate dehydrogenase and C‐reactive protein, low lymphocyte count, steroid and arbidol use, with ORs (95% CIs) of 1.08 (0.27–4.37), 0.49 (0.27–0.97), 0.64 (0.42–0.97), 0.48 (0.25–0.96), and 0.48 (0.25–0.92), respectively. This study provided up‐to‐date evidence of several clinical and epidemiological characteristics in the association with COVID‐19 recurrence cases. Further in‐depth analyses for the causal effect of factors on re‐positive viral RNA are needed for the management of discharged patients with COVID‐19.
Glutathione‐stabilized Fe3O4 nanoparticles as the sorbent for magnetic solid‐phase extraction of diazepam and sertraline from urine samples through quantitation via high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Ghani Milad , Zayeri Zahra , Maleki Behrooz 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe synthesis and application of glutathione‐coated magnetic nanocomposite were introduced with the purpose of developing a stable, cheap, operationally convenient, simple, fast, sensitive, and selective device for the microextraction of diazepam and sertraline for the first time. The prepared glutathione@Fe3O4 nanocomposite was used as the sorbent in the form of magnetic solid‐phase extraction. Afterward, the extracted analytes were desorbed by organic solvent and analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet detection. Several influential variables such as desorption time, desorption volume, sample pH, extraction time, and sorbent amount were screened through Plackett–Burman design and then optimized via Box–Behnken design. The obtained results showed that the above‐mentioned method enjoys a good linear range (0.2–500 μg/L) with the coefficient of determination higher than 0.9927, low limits of determination (0.07–0.24 μg/L), acceptable limits of quantification (0.22–0.93 μg/L), good enrichment factors (128 and 153), and good spiking recoveries (95–105%) for diazepam and sertraline under the obtained optimized condition. Analyzing the real samples results in the confirmation of the presented method and it can be applied for the analysis of various organic compounds in biological samples.
Functional Dyskinesias following Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease: A Report of Three Cases
Authors: Maciel Ricardo , Zúñiga‐Ramírez Carlos , Munhoz Renato P. , Zurowski Mateusz , Fasano Alfonso 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundFunctional (psychogenic) dyskinesias in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are exceedingly rare.CasesHerein we report three patients with PD who presented with functional dyskinesias in the first 3 months after subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (DBS). All patients presented with chorea mimicking levodopa or stimulation‐induced dyskinesias in the first 24 hours following stimulation adjustment. Two patients had generalized chorea and one, hemichorea. In all patients the abnormal movements could be induced or resolved with placebo/nocebo changes to the stimulation parameters. Following the diagnosis of a functional movement disorder (FMD), all patients improved with appropriate management.ConclusionsFunctional chorea following DBS might mimic organic dyskinesias in PD but can be accurately diagnosed using suggestibility and placebo responses to sham stimulation adjustments. Recognizing the presence of FMD following DBS is important for proper management of these patients.
Quantitative REM Sleep without Atonia in Parkinson's Disease and Essential Tremor
Authors: Gossard Thomas R. , McCarter Stuart J. , Gorres Evan , Feemster John C. , Timm Paul C. , Teigen Luke N. , Ralston Christy L. , Westerland Sarah M. , Conway Jimmy P. , Jagielski Jack T. , Olson Carl D. , Edgar Liam J. , Veum Emma L. , Savica Rodolfo , Boeve Brad F. , Silber Michael H. , St. Louis Erik K. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundRapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) occurs occasionally in essential tremor (ET), but polysomnographic REM sleep without atonia (RSWA) analyses have been sparse.ObjectiveTo characterize the amount and distribution of polysomnographic RSWA, the electrophysiologic substrate of RBD, in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and ET.MethodsWe analyzed quantitative RSWA in 73 patients: PD (23), ET (23), and age‐sex‐matched controls (27). None had dream‐enactment behavior history or received antidepressants. Phasic, tonic, “any,” and phasic‐burst duration RSWA measures were calculated in the submentalis (SM) and anterior tibialis (AT) muscles. The automated REM atonia index (RAI) was also determined. Statistical analysis was performed by Kruskal‐Wallis rank‐sum and Mann‐Whitney tests.ResultsSM phasic RSWA was significantly greater for PD than ET patients and controls (12.5% ± 12.8% vs. 4.9% ± 6.7%, 3.9% ± 2.6%), as was SM “any” (13.54% ± 14.30% vs. 5.2% ± 7.6%, 4.2% ± 2.6%). RAI was significantly lower in PD than in ET and controls (0.78 ± 0.23 vs. 0.92 ± 0.09 vs. 0.90 ± 0.17, P ≤ 0.005), but no different between ET and controls. AT phasic and “any” RSWA was similar between the 3 groups. ET and control RSWA was similar in all measures. Two ET patients (8.7%) had SM RSWA similar to PD patients.ConclusionsElevated SM RSWA distinguished PD from ET in patients without dream‐enactment symptoms and occurs frequently in PD patients, and in isolated tremor suggests underlying synucleinopathy. Prospective studies will further validate these findings.
Prediction of the Partition Coefficient between Adipose Tissue and Blood for Environmental Chemicals: From Single QSAR Models to an Integrated Approach
Authors: Cappelli Claudia Ileana , Manganelli Serena , Toma Cosimo , Benfenati Emilio , Mombelli Enrico 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe adipose tissue:blood partition coefficient is a key‐endpoint to predict the pharmacokinetics of chemicals in humans and animals, since other organ:blood affinities can be estimated as a function of this parameter.We performed a search in the literature to select all the available rat in vivo data. This approach resulted into two improvements to existing models: a homogeneous definition of the endpoint and an expanded data collection. The resulting dataset was used to develop QSAR models as a function of linear and non‐linear algorithms. Several applicability domain definitions were assessed and the definition corresponding to a good balance between performance and coverage was retained. We assessed the pertinence of combining single models into integrated approaches to increase the accuracy in predictions. The best integrated model outperformed the single models and it was characterized by an external mean absolute error (MAE) equal to 0.26, while preserving an adequate coverage (84 %). This performance is comparable to experimental variability and it highlights the pertinence of the integrated model.
Untra‐high pseudocapacitance enhanced anode of N, P dual‐doped carbon nanosheet derived from biomass toward high performance sodium ion battery
Authors: Li Qun , Wu Meiyan , Wang Yan , Wang Guixiang , Zhuo Linhai , Li Zhaoqiang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn order to improve the cycling capability and rate performance of carbon anode material for sodium ion battery, an easy, green, and scalable thermal pyrolysis method is exploited to synthesize the nitrogen, phosphorus dual‐doped carbon nanosheets from abundant biomass of peach kernel shell and diammonium hydrogen phosphate. This biomass carbon material demonstrates a super‐thin nanosheet microstructure, and its surface area reaches about 2262 m2 g–1. This carbon nanosheet electrode exhibits a large initial coulombic efficiency of 90%, superior rate capability, and high sodium ion storage capacity. It delivers a high Na+ storage capacity of about 332 mAh g–1 at a current density of 100 mA g–1 after 200 cycles. Even at a high current density of 4 A g–1, a good rate performance of 270 mAh g–1 is also achieved. The ultra‐high pseudocapacitance contribution over 90% is the major reason for the excellent Na+ storage performance of this carbon nanosheet electrode. This nitrogen, phosphorus doped biomass carbon anode material with an excellent storage capacity of sodium ion, makes it an appealing candidate for cheap and high‐performance anode materials for sodium ion batteries.
Chemical Recycling of End‐of‐Life Poly(lactide) via Zinc‐Catalyzed Depolymerization and Polymerization
Authors: Cheung Even , Alberti Christoph , Enthaler Stephan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe chemical recycling of poly(lactide) was investigated based on depolymerization and polymerization processes. Using methanol as depolymerization reagent and zinc salts as catalyst, poly(lactide) was depolymerized to methyl lactate applying microwave heating. An excellent performance was observed for zinc(II) acetate with turnover frequencies of up to 45000 h−1. In a second step the monomer methyl lactate was converted to (pre)poly(lactide) in the presence of catalytic amounts of zinc salts. Here zinc(II) triflate revealed excellent performance for the polymerization process (yield: 91 %, Mn∼8970 g/mol). Moreover, the (pre)poly(lactide) was depolymerized to lactide, the industrial relevant molecule for accessing high molecular weight poly(lactide), using zinc(II) acetate as catalyst.
Double percolation and segregated structures formed in polymer alloy with excellent electrical conductivity
Authors: Wu Jianlong , Wang Wenyi , Chen Xingyu , Li Ning 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIt can efficiently enhance electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance to construct segregated structures in conductive polymer composites (CPCs). However, it can also deteriorate mechanical properties due to weak interfacial interaction between matrixes and fillers. So segregated structures CPCs that polycarbonate/acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (PC/ABS) was coated by ABS/multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (ABS/MWCNTs) were prepared by solution‐mechanical mixing method. The surface resistivity of the segregated composites achieved 105 Ω/sq with only 0.05 wt% of MWCNTs and was lower than composites prepared by melt and solution mixing methods. Tensile strength of the segregated composites was nearly 40 MPa. The EMI shielding values of the segregated composites with 7 wt% of MWCNTs were 50 to 80 dB as high as the uniform structure composites with 10 wt% of MWCNTs between 30 MHz and 1 GHz electromagnetic frequency. All the results displayed that this work provided a novel and efficient method to produce segregated conductive composites for antistatic and EMI shielding applications.
Das Event Horizon Telescope
Authors: Krichbaum Thomas , Ros Eduardo , Rottmann Helge 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungVLBI‐Beobachtungen im Millimeter‐Wellenlängenbereich erlauben es, die unmittelbare Umgebung von supermassereichen, extragalaktischen Schwarzen Löchern direkt abzubilden. Mit dem Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) durchgeführte Messungen der Radiogalaxie M87 haben zur Entdeckung einer ringförmigen Struktur im Zentrum der Galaxie geführt, die als Lichtring um ein rotierendes zentrales Schwarzes Loch interpretiert wird. Am Jetfußpunkt des Quasars 3C279 sieht man nichtballistische Bewegung mit hoch relativistischer Geschwindigkeit auf Skalen von weniger als zweitausend Schwarzschild‐Radien Entfernung. Schnelle Strukturvariabilität ist ein limitierender Faktor bei der noch anstehenden Kartierung des Schwarzen Loches im galaktischen Zentrum (SgrA*). Die Weiterentwicklung dynamischer Bildgebungsverfahren und verbesserte Kalibrationsmethoden sollten dies in naher Zukunft ermöglichen.
Investigation of organic thermoelectric materials using potential‐step chronocoulometry: Effect of polymerization methods on thermoelectric properties of poly(3‐hexylthiophene)
Authors: Imae Ichiro , Akazawa Ryosuke , Ooyama Yousuke , Harima Yutaka 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTo establish the correlation between the thermoelectric properties of conducting polymers and their doping levels, we have utilized the potential‐step chronocoulometry for the quantitative estimation of the doping levels. In this paper, three types of poly(3‐hexylthiophene)s synthesized by different polymerization methods were investigated. The electrical conductivities and the Seebeck coefficients of poly(3‐hexylthiophene)s with various doping levels were measured and plotted against the doping level. It was found that the electrical conductivity linearly increased with increasing the doping level in the range of 1–10%, and then saturated. On the other hand, the relationship between the Seebeck coefficient and the doping level showed a good linearity in all the polymers.
Rapid identification of the invasive Small hive beetle (Aethina tumida) using LAMP
Authors: Ponting Sally , Tomkies Victoria , Stainton Kirsty 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDSmall hive beetle (SHB), Aethina tumida is an invasive pest of managed honey bees and has invaded Europe from Africa. The main risk point identified for incursions of this pest into the UK is imports of package bees and queens. Surveillance of this pest, carried out by the National Bee Unit, involves monitoring imports of live bees and routine screening of sentinel apiaries around the UK through collection of hive debris for visual inspection of pests. Currently, no molecular methods are used for screening hive debris for this pest in the UK. A new invasion of this pest would likely occur at low levels and might present with partial specimens broken up in the hive or eggs from the beetle, difficult to identify by visual inspection. Therefore, we sought to develop a fast and sensitive method for detecting SHB in hive debris by developing a loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay.RESULTThe LAMP assay was able to detect the SHB in 19 to 25.37 min and did not cross‐react with any non‐target species tested. The assay was sensitive and could detect 12pg of DNA and it was able to detect less than 1 mg of tissue in a 30 g complex matrix of honey bee hive debris. The assay could successfully amplify from crude extracts of partial tissue specimens.CONCLUSIONThis tool will allow rapid field screening of suspect beetle specimens and laboratory screening of hive debris for a notifiable exotic pest of honey bees. © 2020 Crown copyright. Pest Management Science © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Formation and maintenance of subsiding shells around non‐precipitating and precipitating cumulus clouds
Authors: Savre Julien 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA shell of subsiding air is generally known to develop around cumulus clouds and shield them from their environment. We seek here to improve our understanding of such shells by (a) revealing the detailed vertical and horizontal structure of shells surrounding both shallow and deeper clouds, and (b) identifying the mechanisms responsible for in‐shell subsidence generation and maintenance. To that end, a high‐resolution Cloud Resolving Model simulation of the shallow‐to‐deep convection transition over a tropical land surface is analysed with an emphasis on the cloud's near environment. Shells surrounding shallow and deep clouds are found to possess surprisingly similar characteristics. However important differences are observed near cloud top where the deepest clouds are associated with stronger subsidence and broader shells. In the convective outflow region, stronger in‐shell subsidence coincides with strong buoyancy reversal, but also with strong pressure gradients naturally generated by cloud‐top vortex dynamics. A more delicate balance between various processes takes place below, and in‐shell subsidence is only barely sustained as buoyancy reversal is largely compensated by pressure gradients. Finally, while evaporation is clearly the main source of buoyancy reversal everywhere around cloud edges, it is also shown that the downward transport of warmer air from aloft through the subsiding shells may compensate for evaporative cooling to slowly bring in‐shell buoyancy to a near‐neutral state. Overall, while it cannot be denied that evaporative cooling and buoyancy reversal play important roles in generating and sustaining in‐shell subsidence, the present results also emphasise that mechanical forcing at cloud top and downward transport within the shells should not be overlooked.
Polymyxin B haemoperfusion treatment for respiratory failure and hyperferritinaemia due to COVID‐19
Authors: Ishiwari Mayuko , Togashi Yuki , Takoi Hiroyuki , Kikuchi Ryota , Kono Yuta , Abe Shinji 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA 69‐year‐old man with a history of type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure was diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). He had hyperferritinaemia and respiratory failure. Despite the initiation of favipiravir and high‐dose corticosteroid and ceftriaxone, his respiratory failure progressed and serum ferritin levels increased. After polymyxin B‐immobilized fibre column direct haemoperfusion (PMX‐DHP) therapy, there was improvement of the respiratory failure and hyperferritinaemia. We report the first case of COVID‐19‐induced hyperferritinaemia and severe respiratory failure successfully treated by PMX‐DHP.
Trapping and Releasing of Oxygen in Liquid by Metal–Organic Framework with Light and Heat
Authors: Fujimura Masashi , Kusaka Shinpei , Masuda Ayaka , Hori Akihiro , Hijikata Yuh , Pirillo Jenny , Ma Yunsheng , Matsuda Ryotaro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNanoporous materials can adsorb small molecules into their nanospaces. However, the trapping of light gas molecules dissolved in solvents suffers from low concentration and poor adsorption affinity. Here, the reversible trapping and releasing of dissolved oxygen are shown through integrating photosensitization and chemical capturing abilities into a metal–organic framework (MOF), MOMF‐1. 9,10‐Di(4‐pyridyl)anthracene (dpa) ligands in MOMF‐1 generates singlet oxygen from triplet oxygen under photoirradiation without additional photosensitizers, and successively reacts with it to produce anthracene endoperoxide, forming MOMF‐2, which is proved crystallographically. The reverse reaction also proceeds quantitatively by heating MOMF‐2. Moreover, MOMF‐1 exhibits excellent water resistance, and completely removes oxygen of ppm order concentrations in water. The new material shown in this report allows controlling of the amount of dissolved oxygen, which can be applicable in various fields relating to numerous oxidation phenomena.
Fast‐Charging Lithium–Sulfur Batteries Enabled via Lean Binder Content
Authors: Kim Soochan , Kim Dong Hyun , Cho Misuk , Lee Won Bo , Lee Youngkwan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNext‐generation energy storage devices such as lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) face several challenges including fast charging and high‐power delivery. Thus, it is necessary to improve the stability of the electrodes with efficient electrochemical system. In this work, a durable sulfur cathode even at high rates is enabled via lean binder content. The binder consists of a chitosan cross‐linked with a carboxylated nitrile–butadiene rubber (XNBR), which exhibits high affinity toward lithium polysulfide along with robust mechanical properties because of the synergistic effect of the polar chitosan and the elastomeric XNBR. Despite using extremely small content of binder (3 wt%), the LSB shows a highly stable long‐term cycling performance with capacity retention decay values of 0.026% and 0.029% after 500 cycles at 5 and 10 C. Moreover, the cell shows an outstanding specific capacity of 228 mAh g−1 at an ultrahigh charge–discharge rate of 20 C. This approach may significantly improve the design of the sulfur cathode and pave a facile way to fabricate commercially viable next‐generation energy storage devices.