bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The outcome of PDA ligation by mini-thoracotomy in premature neonates: A single hospital experience
Authors: Al Hindi Saeed , Alhashimi Noor , Al Aradi Husain , Irshad Zainab 
Published: November 2020

Background: Various thoracotomy practices have been employed for occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) which are not amenable to medical management. We report our preliminary experience of using a mini-thoracotomy approach in small premature infants and determining survival outcomes in relation to factors such as gender, birth weight, age, and type of ventilation used intraoperatively.
Methods: Between January 2004 and December 2012, 52 consecutive premature infants with an echocardiographic diagnosis of isolated PDA, which are not amenable to medical treatment, were included. Those with chromosomal abnormalities, major cardiac congenital anomalies aside from septal defects, and infants who did not receive mechanical ventilation in the first week of life were excluded. The median gestational age was 28 weeks and the median gestational weight at surgery was 705g. The median PDA size was 3.8mm, ranging from 1.6 to 5mm. Twenty-nine patients were given non-selective ventilation and twenty-three were anesthetized using selective right-lung ventilation using a 2-F balloon catheter for arterial embolectomy. A left lateral mini-thoracotomy was performed in all infants and PDA closure achieved by double ligation using zero silk sutures.
Results: The median operative time and mean length of hospital stay were 45 minutes and 90 days, respectively. No major hemorrhage requiring blood transfusion occurred during the surgery. The survival rate until hospital discharge was 88.5%. There were no mortalities associated with the surgery itself. Six (11.5%) neonates died postoperatively because of prematurity (p-value=1.000). Pneumonia and atelectasis were among the few complications encountered post ligation. An interesting association was recognized between ventilation and surgical complications; that is neonates who underwent selective right ventilation did not experience any of the complications mentioned above in comparison to those who were put under non-selective ventilation (p-value <0.001).
Conclusion: Closure of PDA by double ligation via a left mini-thoracotomy in small premature infants proved to be safe and effective in providing pediatric surgeons adequate exposure within confined and delicate anatomic spaces. No mortalities or major complications were encountered.
Determination of perception levels of student nurses about nursing diagnosis
Authors: Cigdem Gamze Ozkan  , Yeter Kurt  , Kadriye Ozkol Kilinc  , Esra Caylak Altun  , Havva Ozturk  , Admin  
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective: The current study was undertaken in order to determine perception levels of student nurses about nursing diagnosis.
Methods: This descriptive, comparative and cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 386 volunteer nursing students studying in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th grades. The data were collected with a Personal Information Form assessing opinions about nursing diagnosis and Perceptions of Nursing Diagnosis Survey and were analyzed using percentages, means, ANOVA, T tests, LSD post-hoc test.
Results: Of the 386 nursing students, 317 (82%) were female and 321 (83%) considered themselves as competent as to make diagnosis and nearly all of them thought that diagnosis is useful in practice and necessary for nurses. Also, 268(69%) of nursing students thought that nursing diagnosis was useful in providing planned, correct and systemized diagnosis. Mean total scale score of students was M=2.66±44.70. Mean total score of perception of nursing diagnosis of female students was high (t:-2.803 p:0.005).
Conclusion: The study revealed that all students' perception levels of nursing diagnosis were positive and that the students who felt themselves sufficient to make nursing diagnosis were more positive about the definition and recognition perception of nursing profession.
Keywords: Nursing care, nursing diagnosis, students.
Evaluación de la capacidad antimutagénica de extractos etanólicos de Té verde (Camellia sinensis)
Authors: Hern´ández-Lozada Alejandra Sarahi , Gaytán-Oyarzún Juan Carlos , López-Herrera Maritza , Aguilar Pablo Octavio , Guzmán Ortiz Fabiola 
Published: November 2020

En la actualidad, las plantas medicinales contienen principios activos, que si bien son los responsables de las propiedades terapéuticas que se les atribuyen, también lo son de las intoxicaciones y reacciones adversas que pueden aparecer si se emplean en dosis inadecuadas o por períodos prolongados. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del presente trabajo es evaluar la posible capacidad antimutágena del extracto etanólico de té verde (Camellia sinensis) sustentado en su alto contenido antioxidante reportado. Para ello, se determinó la actividad antimutagénica mediante la prueba de mutación y recombinación somática (SMART), con un tratamiento previo de extractos etanólicos de té verde y tratamiento subsecuente con un mutágeno de referencia (O-Toluidina), evaluando la inhibición de manchas o clones celulares en ojo de Drosophila melanogaster. En cuanto a los resultados, se observó que el extracto etanólico administrado previamente al mutágeno de referencia, inhibió de manera significativa el daño genotóxico, siendo más efectivo para manchas pequeñas que grandes. En general, los resultados sugirieron que los extractos de té verde evaluados, tienen propiedades biológicas con un potencial benéfico para la salud humana y que se pueden utilizar en tratamientos preventivos contra el cáncer o exposición relacionadas con mutágenos de manera laboral o naturales.
Antioxidant Properties and Cytotoxicity of White Mugwort (Artemisia lactiflora) Leaf Extract in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line
Authors: KULPRACHAKARN Kanokwan , PANGJIT Kanjana , PARADEE Narisara , SRICHAIRATANAKOOL Somdet , RERKASEM Kittipan , OUNJAIJEAN Sakaewan 
Published: November 2020

The present study aims to investigate the antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of white mugwort (Artemisia lactiflora) leaf extract in the human liver cancer cell line (HepG2 cell). Dried leaves of white mugwort were macerated in 80 % (v/v) aqueous ethanol to get white mugwort leaf extract (WMLE). Spectrophotometrically methods were conducted to quantify the total phenolic content and the antioxidant capacity of the extract, and were found to be 213.33±17.80 mg gallic acid equivalent and 27.20±1.06 mg trolox equivalent per gram of dry extract, respectively. Cytotoxic effects of white WMLE on cell viability and cellular antioxidant defense against reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also examined. The WMLE showed weak ability to inhibit cell growth, with a 50 % inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 148 µg/mL. Furthermore, the extract exhibited antioxidant activity in HepG2 cells via the ability to lower cellular ROS in a dose-dependent fashion. The preliminary results of this investigation supported that WMLE exhibits strong antioxidant activities while remain considerably non-cytotoxic effect. However, more intensive studies are required to clarify the use of WMLE as a novel alternative medicine for the treatment of liver cancer.
ESTUDO DE BASES TEÓRICAS PARA PESQUISA SOBRE A DEFINIÇÃO E PROTEÇÃO JURÍDICA DO CONHECIMENTO EM FRANQUIAS
Authors: Frustockl La Rosa Fernanda , Bitencourt da Silva Silvio 
Published: November 2020

Pesquisas no âmbito das relações interorganizacionais apontam para o conhecimento como o recurso organizacional mais importante e, as pesquisas em franchising, por outro lado, há pouco tempo tem procurado entender como a gestão do conhecimento pode conduzir a redes de franquia de sucesso. Parte dos estudos sobre o tema analisa os contratos sob a ótica da Teoria da Agência (TA), da Teoria dos Custos de Transação (TCT), da Visão Baseada em Recursos (VBR), da Visão Baseada nas Instituições (VBI), ou mesmo da Visão Baseada em Conhecimento (VBC), uma conseqüência ou extensão da VBR. O trabalho busca compreender as bases teóricas adequadas para a pesquisa sobre a definição e proteção jurídica do conhecimento em franquias, explorando as bases teóricas comuns ao estudo de franquias, sendo essa investigação necessária, pois somente será fator chave de sucesso aquele conhecimento capaz de gerar vantagem competitiva para a empresa franqueadora e seus franqueados, o que passa por uma adequada proteção jurídica, tanto legal quanto contratual.
RESULTADOS DA APLICAÇÃO DA INOVAÇÃO NA INTERNACIONALIZAÇÃO DE EMPRESAS EXPORTADORAS
Authors: Zilli Júlio Cesar , BORBA JANINI , MACHADO FERNANDO LOCKS 
Published: November 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo identificar os efeitos da aplicação de inovação e a participação e geração da inovação nas empresas exportadoras do Sul de Santa Catarina. Caracterizou-se como uma pesquisa descritiva, bibliográfica e de campo com abordagem quantitativa. A população foi composta por 108 empresas exportadoras pertencentes a AMREC, com a participação de 47 empresas, compondo uma amostra não probabilística. Os dados foram coletados a partir de um questionário aplicado via Google Forms. Os resultados da aplicação de inovação foram o aumento de faturamento no que tange a área financeira, valor da marca no mercado interno e aumento da qualidade final do produto. Na participação e geração de práticas inovadoras destacaram-se o desenvolvimento de novos produtos e processos e a melhoria do suporte para os sistemas que competem as áreas da manutenção, contabilidade ou informática.
Arab Intellectuals and American Power
Authors: Walhout M. D. 
Published: November 2020

Edward Said, the famous Palestinian American scholar and activist, was one of the twentieth century’s most iconic public intellectuals, whose pioneering and – to some – controversial work on Orientalism shaped Middle Eastern and postcolonial studies and beyond. But how exactly did he arrive at his famous maxim to ‘speak truth to power’?
This dual biographical study examines the lives of Edward Said and the eminent Lebanese philosopher and diplomat Charles Malik, a distant relative 30 years his senior whom Said knew from childhood as “Uncle Charles.” To Said, Malik was no ordinary relative; in his memoir, he called Malik “the great negative intellectual lesson of my life”, and was to describe him as “an ideal as I was growing up” only to later claim Malik “went through an ugly transformation that I could never come to terms with”. M.D. Walhout charts the development of these two remarkable figures, reconstructing in the process the way in which American power in the Middle East came to have a defining effect on Arab intellectuals in the twentieth century. Exploring issues of religion and nationalism, Walhout shows how Said came to reject much of what Malik stood for: Christian faith, hardline anti-Communism and the benign nature of American power. He argues that the example of Malik was instrumental in the development of Said’s later belief that the true vocation of the intellectual was not to compromise with power, but to resist it.
The Business Affairs of Mr Julius Caesar
Authors: Brecht Bertolt 
Published: November 2020

Bertolt Brecht’s extraordinary historical novel presents an aspiring scholar’s efforts to write an idealized life of Julius Caesar twenty years after his death. But the historian abandons his planned biography, confronted by a baffling range of contradictory views. Was Caesar an opportunist, a permanently bankrupt businessman who became too big for the banks to allow him to fail – as his former banker claims? Did he stumble into power while trying to make money, as suggested by the diary of his former slave? Across these different versions of Caesar’s career in the political and economic life of Rome, Brecht wryly contrasts the narratives of imperial progress with the reality of grasping self-interest, in a sly allegory that points to the Weimar Republic and perhaps even to our own times.
Brecht reminds his readers of the need for constant vigilance and critical suspicion towards the great figures of the past. In an echo of his dramatic theories, the audience is confronted with its own task of active interpretation rather than passive acceptance -- we have to work out our own views about Mr Julius Caesar.
This edition is translated by Charles Osborne and features an introduction and editorial notes by Anthony Phelan and Tom Kuhn.
The Late Work of Sam Shepard
Authors: Skelton Shannon Blake 
Published: November 2020

Hailed by critics during the 1980s as the decade’s ‘Great American Playwright’, Sam Shepard has since continued to produce work in a wide array of media including short prose, films, plays, performances and screenplays. Like Samuel Beckett and Tennessee Williams in their autumnal years, Shepard relentlessly presses the potentialities and possibilities of theatre. This is the first volume to consider Shepard’s later work and career in detail and ranges across his work produced since the late 1980s.
Shepard’s motion picture directorial debut Far North (1988) served as the beginning of a new cycle of work. He returned to the stage with the politically engaged States of Shock (1991) which resembled neither his earlier plays nor his family cycle. With both Far North and States of Shock, Shepard signaled a transition into a phase in which he would experiment in form, subject and media for the next two decades. Skelton's comprehensive study includes consideration of his work in films such as Hamlet (2000), Black Hawk Down (2001), The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford (2007) and Brothers (2009); issues of authenticity in the film and screenplay Don’t Come Knocking (2005) and the play Kicking a Dead Horse (2007); of memory and trauma in Simpatico, The Late Henry Moss and When the World was Green, and of masculine and conservative narratives in States of Shock and The God of Hell.
Timbre
Authors: van Elferen Isabella 
Published: November 2020

Timbre is among the most important and the most elusive aspects of music. Visceral and immediate in its sonic properties, yet also considered sublime and ineffable, timbre finds itself caught up in metaphors: tone “color”, “wet” acoustics, or in Schoenberg’s words, “the illusory stuff of our dreams.” This multi-disciplinary approach to timbre assesses the acoustic, corporeal, performative, and aesthetic dimensions of tone color in Western music practice and philosophy. It develops a new theorization of timbre and its crucial role in the epistemology of musical materialism through a vital materialist aesthetics in which conventional binaries and dualisms are superseded by a vibrant continuum.
As the aesthetic and epistemological questions foregrounded by timbre are not restricted to isolated periods in music history or individual genres, but have pervaded Western musical aesthetics since early Modernity, the book discusses musical examples taken from both “classical” and “popular” music. These range, in “classical” music, from the Middle Ages through the Baroque, the belcanto opera and electronic music to saturated music; and, in “popular” music, from indie through soul and ballad to dark industrial.
The Orthopaedic Match: Defining the Academic Profile of Successful Candidates
Authors: Ngaage Ledibabari M. , Xue Shan , A. Benzel Caroline , Andrews Akhil , M. A. Rawes Catherine , Wilson Robert H. , Ludwig Steven C. , M. Rasko Yvonne 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Research productivity forms a vital part of the resident selection process and can markedly affect the chance of a successful match. Current reports regarding the publication record among prospective orthopaedic surgery residents are likely inaccurate. Potential applicants have a poor understanding of the strength of their research credentials in comparison to other candidates.

Methods:
We identified matched applicants from the 2013 to 2017 orthopaedic surgery residency application cycles. We performed a bibliometric analysis of these residents using Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar to identify published articles and calculate the h-index of each applicant at the time of application. Details were collected on medical school, advanced degrees, publication type, first authorship, and article relatedness to orthopaedic surgery.

Results:
We included 3,199 matched orthopaedic surgery applicants. At the time of application, the median h-index was 0, the median number of publications was 1, and 40% of successful candidates did not hold any publications. The h-index (R 0.08, P < 0.0001) and median number of publications of matched orthopaedic surgery residency candidates significantly increased (R 0.09, P < 0.0001) across application cycles. Furthermore, the proportion of matched applicants without publications at the time of application significantly decreased (R −0.90, P = 0.0350). Conversely, the percentage of articles first-authored by applicants decreased (R −0.96, P = 0.0093), but article relatedness to orthopaedic surgery remained constant (R 0.82, P = 0.0905). Strikingly, notable changes were observed in the type of articles published by successful applicants: the proportion of preclinical studies decreased (R −0.07, P = 0.0041), whereas clinical research articles increased (R 0.07, P = 0.0024).

Conclusion:
The publication count held by successful orthopaedic surgery applicants is substantially lower than the nationally reported average. Matched orthopaedic surgery candidates demonstrate increasingly impressive research achievements each application cycle. However, increased academic productivity comes at the cost of reduced project responsibility and a shift toward faster-to-publish articles.
Conversion to Total Hip Arthroplasty After Hip Arthroscopy: A Cohort-Based Survivorship Study With a Minimum of 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Hoit Graeme , Whelan Daniel B. , Ly Patrick , Saskin Refik , Atrey Amit , Khoshbin Amir 
Published: November 2020

Introduction:
The purpose of this study was to determine which patient, provider, and surgical factors influence progression to total hip arthroplasty (THA) after hip arthroscopy (HA) through a large cohort-based registry.

Methods:
All patients ≥18 years who underwent unilateral HA in Ontario, Canada, between October 1, 2010, and December 31, 2016, were identified with a minimum of 2-year follow-up. The rate of THA after HA was reported using Kaplan-Meier survivorship analyses. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess which factors independently influenced survivorship.

Results:
A total of 2,545 patients (53.2% female, mean age 37.4 ± 11.8 years) were identified. A total of 237 patients (9.3%) were identified to have undergone THA at a median time of 2 years after HA, with an additional 6.3% requiring a revision arthroplasty at a median time of 1.1 years. Patients who underwent isolated labral resection (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.51 to 4.60) or in combination with osteochondroplasty (OCP) [HR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.22 to 3.88] were more likely to undergo THA versus patients who underwent isolated labral repair or in combination with an OCP, respectively. Older age increased the risk for THA (HR: 14.0, 95% CI: 5.76 to 39.1), and treatment by the highest-volume HA surgeons was found to be protective (HR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.89).

Discussion:
Using our methods, the rate of THA after HA was 9.3% at 2 years. The rate of revision arthroplasty was 6.3% at 1 year. Patients who underwent labral resection, isolated OCP, and/or were of increased age were at increased independent risk of conversion to THA. Those treated by the highest-volume HA surgeons were found to be at reduced risk of conversion to THA.
Do We Need to Wait 3 Months After Corticosteroid Injections to Reduce the Risk of Infection After Total Knee Arthroplasty?
Authors: Bhattacharjee Sarah , Wallace Sara , Luu Hue H. , Shi Lewis L. , Lee Michael J. , Chen Antonia F. 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Corticosteroid injections administered within 3 months before total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have been linked to increased risk of postoperative infection. However, it would be beneficial to further delineate the timing of injections to determine whether a narrower window exists for safe administration of corticosteroid injections. The purposes of our study were to (1) determine whether there were a different time frame between corticosteroid injection and primary TKA that increased infection risk and (2) determine risk factors associated with infection after TKA.

Methods:
TKA patients were identified from a national database from 2007 to 2017 and stratified based on their history of corticosteroid injections within the 6-month preoperative period. Patients who received injections were stratified into biweekly cohorts by the timing of their most recent injection. The 1-year rate of postoperative infection treated by surgical débridement was compared between injection and noninjection cohorts. Univariate logistic regressions of risk factors and a multivariate analysis for patient comorbidities and injection cohorts associated with increased infection risk were conducted.

Results:
In the 76,090 TKA patients identified, corticosteroid injection within 2 weeks before TKA increased the risk of postoperative infection (P = 0.02) and injections within 2 to 4 weeks trended toward increased infection in univariate regression. No significant differences were observed in any other injection time frames. In the multivariate analysis, injections within 2 weeks before TKA were identified as an independent risk factor (odds ratio: 2.89; P = 0.04) for postoperative infection. Additional risk factors included chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary artery disease, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, obesity, rheumatoid arthritis, and tobacco, whereas female sex and patient aged older than 65 were protective.

Discussion:
Our results suggest that TKA performed within four weeks of a corticosteroid injection may be associated with a higher risk of postoperative infection; however, delaying surgery more than four weeks may not provide additional infection risk reduction. Further prospective randomized studies are needed to determine the optimal timing of TKA after corticosteroid injections.

Level of Evidence:
Level III
A Retrospective Study of Covid-19 Disease in Confirmed Tuberculosis Patients from a Tertiary Care Centre in Ahmedabad
Authors: Patel Alpesh V , Rathod Kinnari K , Patel Nehal R , Khokhani Rachana M , Patel Happy A , Patel Neel R 
Published: November 2020

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is long standing disease and SARS-COV-2 being global pandemic in current era. Interactions between SARS-COV-2 and TB needs analysis, as both has major infection-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study was conducted to evaluate impact of super imposing viral pandemic over chronic diseases like tuberculosis.
Methodology: A Retrospective study done in 75 patients registered under RNTCP program at our centre. Epidemiological data, diagnostic timing of TB, duration of AKT, history of SARS-COV-2 symptoms and SARS-COV-2 diagnostic result were evaluated. Analysis conducted based on incidence of COVID-19 infection in active cases of TB.
Results: Male: Female ratio was 1.88:1 with majority belongs to age group of 35 to 55years. Only 3 patients developed influenza like symptoms who tested negative for SARS-COV-2. None COVID-19 suspected or positive patient were reported amongst laboratory confirmed TB patients taking AKT, indicating TB drugs definitely have some impact on SARS-COV-2 virus.
Conclusion: TB and COVID-19 co-infection has limited cases. Very few individuals who were exposed to SARS-COV-2 during AKT treatment developed influenza like symptoms, however tested negative for SARS-COV-2. A larger study is needed to understand any role played by TB infection or AKT drugs on covid-19 disease.