bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of programmed death ligand 1 expression in paired cytologic and histologic specimens of non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Daverio Matteo , Patrucco Filippo , Gavelli Francesco , Airoldi Chiara , Sciortino Giusy , Chiaramonte Claudia , Rena Ottavio , Balbo Piero E. , Boldorini Renzo L. 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundIn advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), cytologic specimens from transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) or transthoracic needle aspiration are often the only cancer tissue material available for the analysis of programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression. This study was aimed at assessing the concordance of PD‐L1 expression in histologic and cytologic samples and at evaluating interobserver agreement on specimens in this setting.MethodsOne hundred and thirty‐eight specimens from 60 patients with NSCLC were analyzed. Histologic specimens were represented by endoscopic samples obtained with forceps (biopsies), whereas cytologic specimens were from TBNA and bronchial lavage (BL). PD‐L1 expression was quantified with the immunohistochemistry (IHC)‐based Ventana SP263 assay. For cytologic specimens, IHC was performed on cell block sections. Two independent pathologists who were blinded to the clinical data evaluated partial or complete membrane IHC staining. Concordance between 2 methods and between 2 pathologists was evaluated with normal and weighted Cohen's κ coefficients, overall agreement, and Bland‐Altman plots.ResultsPD‐L1 expression was quantified in 138 specimens from 60 patients. Concordance between cytologic and histologic approaches was moderate (κ = 0.56; weighted κ = 0.55). Also, concordance in the biopsy‐TBNA and biopsy‐BL subgroups was moderate (κ = 0.43 and κ = 0.47, respectively), whereas interobserver agreement was substantial (weighted κ = 0.72). A Bland‐Altman plot showed an underestimation in PD‐L1 values from cytologic samples in comparison with histologic ones.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate that in the absence of available histologic specimens, PD‐L1 positivity in cytologic samples could be a reliable data for the oncologist to consider immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. However, a comparison of cytologic and histologic samples has shown an underestimation of PD‐L1 values in cytologic samples.
Interdisciplinary knowledge‐based implicit emotion recognition
Authors: Jiang Jialin , Wang Xinzhi , Luo Xiangfeng 
Published: May 2020

SummaryDetecting different emotions is a key step toward intelligent recommendation and affective computing, which plays an increasingly important role in guiding decisions. There have been a large number of previous work of machine learning in this topic. However, most existing methods neglect the help of long‐term accumulated and precious interdisciplinary knowledge, which cover both computer science and psychology. In this work, we distill part of the psychological knowledge as following: (i) The emotions with the same polarity co‐occur frequently, while emotions with contrary polarity co‐exist hardly; (ii) The relations between emotions are variable and complicated; (iii) The number of emotions that can be aroused in the same moment is limited. In this paper, we propose two novel modules to execute above prior knowledge, by adding external constraints to our proposed model Double Attention Convolutional Neural Network. In the first module, the emotion relationships are captured by an automatically extracted emotion template. In the second module, uncertainty punishment is applied to limit the too frequent emotions. Our proposed model, which employs interdisciplinary knowledge, performs potentially and get state‐of‐the‐art result when compared with models without above constraints.
Lignin‐Based Micro‐ and Nanomaterials and their Composites in Biomedical Applications
Authors: Liu Rui , Dai Lin , Xu Chunlin , Wang Kai , Zheng Chunyang , Si Chuanling 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLignin, as the most abundant aromatic renewable biopolymer in nature, has long been regarded as waste and simply discarded from the pulp and paper industry. In recent years, with many breakthroughs in lignin chemistry, pretreatment, and processing techniques, a lot of the inherent bioactivities of lignin, including antioxidant activities, antimicrobial activities, biocompatibilities, optical properties, and metal‐ion chelating and redox activities, have been discovered and this has opened a new field not only for lignin‐based materials but also for biomaterials. In this Review, the biological activities of lignin and drug/gene delivery and bioimaging applications of various types of lignin‐based material are summarized. In addition, the challenges and limitations of lignin‐based materials encountered during the development of biomedical applications are also discussed.
Smoke development and movement during ventilation‐limited fires in a multi‐storey house
Authors: Forrest Bronwyn , Weckman Elizabeth , DiDomizio Matt , Senez Peter , Ryder Noah 
Published: May 2020

SummaryModern energy efficient homes in Canada are well‐sealed, having less air leakage and moisture propagation through the building envelope compared with older homes. From a fire safety perspective, it is unclear how this change influences the dynamics of house fires, including: heat release rate, flame spread, species production and smoke transport. Although previous studies have determined that better sealed structures tend to lead to ventilation‐limited fires, there is a dearth of research on this topic. Yet, it is important to understand the evolution of fires in energy efficient buildings to assess both physical and safety implications associated with this type of construction. This article presents results of species concentrations and smoke evolution during nine instrumented, large‐scale, ventilation‐limited and two‐storey residential furniture fire experiments. As the smoke layer descended, it impacted heat release rate of the fires. Oxygen concentrations on the main floor of the structure sequentially decreased to around 5%. Measurements of gas transport at the stairwell connecting the floors of the structure provided new information about how oxygen was drawn from different areas of the structure during growth of the fire. These results provide novel insight into the growth and impact of fires in modern energy efficient homes.
Technical Note: Development of an ischemic defect model insert attachable to a commercially available myocardial phantom
Authors: Matsutomo Norikazu , Seki Harumi , Hishikawa Mizuho , Motegi Kazuki , Yamamoto Tomoaki 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to develop a novel myocardial phantom insert model that attaches to commercially available myocardial phantoms and simulates an ischemic area, using three‐dimensional printing technology.MethodsIschemic inserts were designed to give four levels of absolute percent contrast (Low; 10%, Medium; 20%, High; 35%, and Defect; 100%) using CT images and computer‐aided design software. The ischemic insert was composed of multiple slit structures to replicate myocardial ischemia. Myocardial phantom images with developed ischemic inserts were acquired using a SPECT/CT system and were then reconstructed using filtered back projection (FBP) and iterative reconstruction (IR) with various cutoff frequencies of a Butterworth filter. The performance and utility of ischemic inserts were evaluated according to percent contrast and 5‐point scoring.ResultsThe percent contrast and scoring results changed according to the ischemic insert type, cutoff frequency, and reconstruction method. The percent contrast of each insert obtained by FBP with 0.4 cycles/cm was 4.1% (Low), 15.7% (Medium), 17.4% (High), and 36.1% (Defect). Similarly, the percent contrast of each insert obtained by IR with 0.4 cycles/cm was 5.0% (Low), 17.0% (Medium), 21.9% (High), and 47.7% (Defect).ConclusionsWe successfully developed an ischemic insert that attaches to a commercially available myocardial phantom by using CT imaging and 3D printing technology. Our proposed ischemic insert provided several abnormal perfusion patterns on myocardial SPECT images and may be useful for evaluating SPECT image quality.
PET technology for drug development in psychiatry
Authors: Arakawa Ryosuke , Takano Akihiro , Halldin Christer 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPositron emission tomography (PET) is a non‐invasive imaging method to measure the molecule in vivo. PET imaging can evaluate the central nervous system drugs as target engagement in the human brain. For antipsychotic drugs, adequate dopamine D2 receptor occupancy (“therapeutic window”) is reported to be from 65%‐70% to 80% to achieve the antipsychotic effect without extrapyramidal symptoms. For antidepressants, the clinical threshold of serotonin transporter (5‐HTT) occupancy is reported to be 70%‐80% although the relation between the side effect and 5‐HTT occupancy has not yet been established. Evaluation of norepinephrine transporter (NET) occupancy for antidepressant is ongoing as adequate PET radioligands for NET were developed recently. Measurement of the target occupancy has been a key element to evaluate the in vivo target engagement of the drugs. In order to evaluate new drug targets for disease conditions such as negative symptoms/cognitive impairment of schizophrenia and treatment‐resistant depression, new PET radioligands need to be developed concurrently with the drug development.
Resonant Waveguide Gratings – Versatile Devices for Laser Engineering
Authors: Rumpel Martin , Dietrich Tom , Beirow Frieder , Graf Thomas , Ahmed Marwan Abdou 
Published: May 2020

AbstractResonant waveguide gratings (RWGs) have been developed by various international groups for over 35 years now and have been successfully implemented in many different laser sources (gas, disk, fiber, rod, microchip, or diode lasers). These devices offer high versatility in their application and high efficiency in reflection, transmission or diffraction. RWGs can withstand power and energy levels as required in modern laser sources and applications.
Advanced Process Monitoring in Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Tyralla Dieter , Seefeld Thomas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLaser‐based additive manufacturing processes like laser metal deposition (LMD) and laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) are becoming more and more popular in industry. In demanding applications, however, every part has to be tested non‐destructively in a subsequent step. Online process monitoring can provide detailed documentation for each part and has the potential to reduce the post‐process inspection costs. BIAS has developed an advanced monitoring approach for in‐process temperature field measurement using a coaxial two‐channel pyrometric camera.
Mechanical Behaviour of a NTO and RDX‐Based Melt Cast Explosive
Authors: Drouet David , Hanus Jean‐Luc , Pavier Julien , Eches Nicolas , Lamy Peggy , Bailly Patrice 
Published: May 2020

AbstractConstitutive equationsThe XF explosive family from NEXTER Munitions relies on a melt cast formulation with a TNT matrix. Melt cast formulations provide a high‐volume ratio of energetic filler material to matrix. This might affect the mechanical response of the material and its damage process. Therefore, a laboratory study has been launched to improve the knowledge of the mechanical behavior of this family of energetic materials. To mimic the conditions observed by the material inside ammunition, we chose to adapt a passive confinement method to the pyrotechnic conditions of the XF‐11585. This relies on an elastic‐perfectly plastic ring that gives us access to the shear behavior for different loadings in quasi‐static regime. This setup allowed us to investigate the physical phenomena involved under both pressure and shear. Then, based on the results obtained, we built an isotropic elastic damage model. This macroscopic modeling of damage is meant to be simple but complex enough to provide an assessment of the material degradation.
Non‐Newtonian Thermosensitive Nanofluid Based on Carbon Dots Functionalized with Ionic Liquids
Authors: Gonçalves Helena M. R. , Pereira Rui F. P. , Lepleux Emmanuel , Pacheco Louis , Valente Artur J. M. , Duarte Abel J. , de Zea Bermudez Verónica 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNon‐Newtonian nanofluids present outstanding features in terms of energy transfer and conductivity with high application in numerous areas. In this work, non‐Newtonian nanofluids based on carbon dots (Cdots) functionalized with ionic liquids (ILs) are developed. The nanofluids are produced using a simple, single‐step method where the raw materials for the Cdots synthesis are glucose and waste biomass (chitin from crab shells). The use of ILs as both reaction media and functionalization molecules allows for the development of a new class of nanofluids, where the ILs on the Cdots surface represent the base‐fluid. Here, the well‐known benign IL 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) and a novel home‐made IL (1‐tosylate‐3‐methyl‐imidazolium triflate) [Tmi][Trif] are used. The nanofluids obtained from both substrates show, apart from high conductivity and viscosity, light absorption, and good wettability, an appealing thermal sensitivity behavior. This thermal sensitivity is preserved even when applied as thin films on glass slides and can be boosted using the surface plasmon resonance effect. The results reported demonstrate that the new Cdots/IL‐based nanofluids constitute a versatile and cost‐effective route for achieving high‐performance thermosensitive non‐Newtonian sustainable nanofluids with tremendous potential for the energy coatings sector and heat transfer film systems.
Hydronumerische Modellierung mittels frei verfügbarer Software: ein kurzer Überblick
Authors: Gegenleithner Sebastian , Dorfmann Clemens , Schneider Josef 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag wird auf die hydrodynamische Modellierung mit frei verfügbaren Softwarepaketen eingegangen. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt hierbei auf den Rollen von Personen in der Entwicklung und Anwendung sowie auf deren Stellenwert im Laufe der Zeit. Charakteristiken von frei verfügbarer und kommerzieller Software werden vorgestellt und die jeweiligen Vor- und Nachteile diskutiert. Mittels vier Anwendungsbeispielen werden die Möglichkeiten der Adaptierung von frei verfügbarer Software für neue Entwicklungen bzw. für die Lösung von projektspezifischen Aufgabenstellungen vorgestellt: (i) Berücksichtigung von hydraulischen Verlusten in einem 2D tiefengemittelten Modell, (ii) Implementierung von internen Randbedingungen, (iii) Serielle Kopplung von Modellen, (iv) Auswertung von Zeitreihen mittels Python. Die vorgestellten Überlegungen werden zum Schluss diskutiert und zusammengefasst.
From Ultraslow to Extremely Fast Dynamics in Sodium Nitrate: an 17O NMR Study
Authors: Beerwerth J. , Siegel R. , Hoffmann L. , Plaga L. S. , Storek M. , Bojer B. , Senker J. , Hiller W. , Böhmer R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIncreasing dynamics in solids featuring nuclei subjected to second-order quadrupolar interactions lead to central-transition spectra that undergo two consecutive line-shaped transitions. Conventional motional narrowing occurs when the molecular exchange rate is on the order of the strength of the dominant interaction. In a second step, the resulting intermediately narrowed spectra change further when the motion becomes faster than the Larmor precession rate, leading to terminally narrowed spectra that can display a residual quadrupolar shift. We derive analytic expressions for this shift and analyze the quadrupolar central-transition spectra in terms of CNsymmetrical cone models. Increasing the number of sites toN ≥ 3, the terminally narrowed spectra remain unaltered, while the intermediately narrowed spectra remain unaltered only forN ≥ 5. This finding relates to the different (cubic vs. icosahedral) symmetries that are required to average out the spatial second- and fourth-rank terms in the second-order quadrupolar interaction. Following recent work (Hung et al., Solid State Nucl Magn Reson 84:14–19, 2017),17O NMR is applied to examine the three-site rotation of the nitrate group in NaNO3. Line shapes are measured and analyzed, and in addition to prior work, satellite-transition and stimulated-echo experiments are carried out. The final-state amplitudes extracted from the latter are reproduced using model calculations. It is shown how two-dimensional exchange spectra relating toN-site cone motions can be decomposed in terms of effective two-site-jump spectra. This latter approach is successfully tested for NaNO3.
Does ozone exposure affect herbivore-induced plant volatile emissions differently in wild and cultivated plants?
Authors: Brosset Agnès , Saunier Amélie , Kivimäenpää Minna , Blande James D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractConcentrations of tropospheric ozone have more than doubled in the Northern Hemisphere since pre-industrial times. Plant responses to single abiotic or biotic stresses, such as ozone exposure and herbivore-feeding, have received substantial attention, especially for cultivated plants. Modern cultivated plants have been subjected to selective breeding that has altered plant chemical defences. To understand how ozone might affect plant responses to herbivore-feeding in wild and cultivated plants, we studied the volatile emissions of brassicaceous plants after exposure to ambient (~ 15 ppb) or elevated ozone (80 ppb), with and without Plutella xylostella larvae-feeding. Results indicated that most of the wild and cultivated plants increased volatile emissions in response to herbivore-feeding. Ozone alone had a weaker and less consistent effect on volatile emissions, but appeared to have a greater effect on wild plants than cultivated plants. This study highlights that closely related species of the Brassicaceae have variable responses to ozone and herbivore-feeding stresses and indicates that the effect of ozone may be stronger in wild than cultivated plants. Further studies should investigate the mechanisms by which elevated ozone modulates plant volatile emissions in conjunction with biotic stressors.
Hippocampal Metabolite Profiles in Two Rat Models of Autism: NMR-Based Metabolomics Studies
Authors: Toczylowska B. , Zieminska E. , Senator P. , Lazarewicz J. W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAutism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are increasingly being diagnosed. Hypotheses link ASD to genetic, epigenetic, or environmental factors. The role of oxidative stress and the imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission in the pathogenesis of ASD has been suggested. Rats in which ASD symptoms are induced by valproate (VPA) or thalidomide (THAL) application in utero are useful models in ASD studies. Our study investigated whether rats in ASD models show changes in metabolite levels in the brain consistent with the hypothetical pathomechanisms of ASD. Female rats were fed one dose of 800 mg/kg VPA or 500 mg/kg THAL orally on the 11th day of gestation, and 1-month offspring were used for the experiments. Metabolic profiles from proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of hydrophilic and hydrophobic extracts of rat hippocampi were subjected to OPLS-DA statistical analysis. Large differences between both models in the content of several metabolites in the rat hippocampus were noticed. The following metabolic pathways were identified as being disturbed in both ASD models: steroid hormone biosynthesis; fatty acid biosynthesis; the synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies; glycerophospholipid metabolism; cholesterol metabolism; purine metabolism; arginine and proline metabolism; valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis and degradation. These results indicate disorders of energy metabolism, altered structure of cell membranes, changes in neurotransmission, and the induction of oxidative stress in the hippocampus. Our data, consistent with hypotheses of ASD pathomechanisms, may be useful in future ASD studies, especially for the interpretation of the results of metabolomics analysis of body fluids in rat ASD models.
Association between Graduate Degrees and Publication Productivity in Academic Neurosurgery
Authors: Keough Michael B. , Newell Christopher , Rheaume Alan R. , Sankar Tejas 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT:Object:Many neurosurgeons pursue graduate degrees as part of their training. In some jurisdictions, graduate degrees are considered a necessary condition of employment in academic neurosurgery. However, the relationship between possession of a graduate degree and eventual research productivity is not well established. We used bibliometric methods to analyze publications from academic Canadian neurosurgeons, with an emphasis on level of graduate training.Methods:All neurosurgeons holding academic appointments at Canadian institutions from 2012–2016 were included. Over that time frame, Scopus was used to quantify the number of papers, number of citations, 5-year h-index and 5-year r-index, CiteScore, authorship position, and paper type (clinical or basic science). Publication output was compared between neurosurgeons grouped as MD-only, MD-Masters, or MD-PhD.Results:In total, 2557 abstracts from 131 Canadian neurosurgeons were analyzed. We found that MD-Masters neurosurgeons published significantly more total papers, clinical papers, and first/last author papers than MD-only neurosurgeons. MD-PhD neurosurgeons had the same findings, in addition to more basic science papers, in journals with a higher CiteScore, 5-year h-index, and 5-year r-index than both other groups. These results were preserved even with significant outliers removed. There was no difference if graduate degrees were obtained before or after starting residency. There was no correlation with career length and number of recent papers published.Conclusion:The attainment of a graduate degree has an important association with future publication productivity for academic neurosurgeons. These data should be useful for hiring committees considering the value of graduate degrees from applicants for positions in academic neurosurgery.
Importance of the “thinking through other minds” process explored through motor correlates of motivated social interactions
Authors: Mouras Harold 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We wanted to gather recent results supporting the idea of the central role of sharing agency in socioaffective and motivational information processing. Here, we want to support the idea that this process is quite arbitrary, early in the temporal chain of processes and not only influence the psychological, but also the motor correlates of socioaffective information processes.
Integrating models of cognition and culture will require a bit more math
Authors: Zefferman Matthew R. , Smaldino Paul E. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We support the goal to integrate models of culture and cognition. However, we are not convinced that the free energy principle and Thinking Through Other Minds will be useful in achieving it. There are long traditions of modeling both cultural evolution and cognition. Demonstrating that FEP or TTOM can integrate these models will require a bit more math.
Explaining or redefining mindreading?
Authors: Dołęga Krzysztof , Schlicht Tobias , Dennett Daniel C. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Veissière et al. disrupt current debates over the nature of mindreading by bringing multiple positions under the umbrella of free-energy. However, it is not clear whether integrating the opposing sides under a common formal framework will yield new insights into how mindreading is achieved, rather than offering a mere redescription of the target phenomenon.
The dark side of thinking through other minds
Authors: Van de Cruys Sander , Heylighen Francis 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe show that TTOM has a lot to offer for the study of the evolution of cultures, but that this also brings to the fore the dark implications of TTOM, unexposed in Veissière et al. Those implications lead us to move beyond meme-centered or an organism-centered concept of fitness based on free-energy minimization, toward a social system-centered view.