bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internet and social media use among patients with colorectal diseases (ISMAEL): a nationwide survey
Authors: Sturiale A. , Pata F. , De Simone V. , Pellino G. , Campennì P. , Moggia E. , Manigrasso M. , Milone M. , Rizzo G. , Morganti R. , Martellucci J. , Gallo G. ,   the ISMAEL working group
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimSocial media are used daily by both healthcare workers and patients. Online platforms have the potential to provide patients with useful information, increase their engagement and potentially revolutionize the patient–physician relationship. This survey aimed to evaluate the impact of the Internet and social media (I&SM) on patients affected by colorectal and proctological diseases to define a pathway to develop an evidence‐based communications strategy.MethodA 31‐item anonymous electronic questionnaire was designed. It consisted of different sections concerning demographics and education, reason for the visit, knowledge of the diseases, frequency of I&SM use and patients' opinions about physicians' websites.ResultsOver a 5‐month period, 37 centres and 105 surgeons took part in the survey, and a total of 5800 patients enrolled. Approximately half of them reported using the Internet daily, and 74.6% of the study population used it at least once per week. There was a correlation (P < 0.001) between those who used the Internet for work and those who had knowledge of both symptoms and the likely diagnosis before consultation. Patients who used the Internet daily were more likely to request a consultation within 6 months of symptom onset (P < 0.0001). Patients with anorectal diseases were more likely to know about their disease and symptoms before the visit (P < 0.001).ConclusionColorectal patients use I&SM to look for health‐related information mainly after their medical visit. Surgeons and hospital networks should plan a tailored strategy to increase patient engagement, delivering appropriate information on social media.
Assessment of the long‐term efficacy and safety of adjunctive perampanel in tonic‐clonic seizures: Analysis of four open‐label extension studies
Authors: Rektor Ivan , Krauss Gregory L. , Inoue Yushi , Kaneko Sunao , Williams Betsy , Patten Anna , Malhotra Manoj , Laurenza Antonio , Wechsler Robert T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis post hoc analysis evaluated long‐term efficacy and safety in patients with focal to bilateral tonic‐clonic seizures (FBTCS) or generalized tonic‐clonic seizures (GTCS) who entered open‐label extension (OLEx) studies to receive long‐term adjunctive perampanel.MethodsPatients aged 12 years and older who completed phase II or III randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled studies could enter an OLEx study, each comprising a blinded conversion period followed by an open‐label maintenance period (32‐424 weeks; maximum perampanel dose = 12 mg/d). Exposure, seizure outcomes, and treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were analyzed.ResultsBaseline characteristics were generally balanced between patients with FBTCS (n = 720) and GTCS (n = 138). Mean (standard deviation) cumulative duration of perampanel exposure was 102.3 (70.3) weeks (FBTCS) and 83.9 (38.4) weeks (GTCS). Retention rates were 50.0% for up to 4 years (FBTCS) and 49.2% for up to 2 years (GTCS). Across OLEx treatment durations, median reductions in seizure frequency per 28 days were 66.7% (FBTCS) and 80.6% (GTCS). Fifty percent and 75% responder and seizure‐freedom rates were 59.5%, 45.3%, and 18.4%, respectively (FBTCS), and 72.5%, 51.5%, and 16.7%, respectively (GTCS). Efficacy was sustained for up to 4 years (FBTCS) and up to 3 years (GTCS), even when accounting for early dropouts. TEAE incidence was highest during Year 1 (FBTCS, 85.3%; GTCS, 86.2%); most common were dizziness and somnolence. During Year 1, serious TEAEs were reported in 81 (11.3%; FBTCS) and 10 (7.2%; GTCS) patients. TEAEs were consistent with the known safety profile of perampanel; no new safety signals were identified with long‐term treatment.SignificanceThis post hoc analysis suggests long‐term (up to 4 years) adjunctive perampanel (up to 12 mg/d) is efficacious and well tolerated in patients (aged 12 years and older) with FBTCS or GTCS.
A damage gradient model for fatigue life prediction of notched metallic structures under multiaxial random vibrations
Authors: Luo Zhengbo , Chen Huaihai , Zheng Ronghui , Zheng Wei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the present paper, a damage gradient model combing the damage concept with the theory of critical distance (TCD) is established to estimate the fatigue lives of notched metallic structures under multiaxial random vibrations. Firstly, a kind of notched metallic structure is designed, and the biaxial random vibration fatigue tests of the notched metallic structures are carried out under different correlation coefficients and phase differences between two vibration axes. Then, the fatigue lives of the notched metallic structures are evaluated utilizing the proposed model with the numerical simulations. Finally, the proposed model is validated by the experiment results of the biaxial random vibration fatigue tests. The comparison results demonstrate that the proposed model can provide fatigue life estimation with high accuracy.
Fluorescence‐aided composite removal during lingual bracket debonding
Authors: Albertini Paolo , Albertini Enrico , Siciliani Giuseppe , Lombardo Luca 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis report describes the fluorescence‐aided composite removal during lingual bracket debonding with an ultraviolet light emitting diode flashlight. The purpose of this technique is to help clinicians in composite removal without enamel surface damage.Clinical considerationsThe bracket debonding requires clinical attention in order to remove all composites and resins without enamel surface damage. Different protocols can be used in order to minimize the enamel damages and the excess bonding remnants. The fluorescence‐aided composite removal permits to have an immediate visualization of the composites and adhesives, especially for the uneven lingual surfaces, of which the interindividual morphological variability is greater than the buccal surfaces.ConclusionsThe fluorescence‐aided composite removal during lingual brackets debonding minimizes the risks described in literature and it is an easier, more accurate, reliable, noninvasive, inexpensive, and time‐saving method.Clinical significanceThe application of this technique allows, with inexpensive flashlights, to remove all the composite on the lingual surfaces during debonding, without damaging the tooth and saving time.
Immediate transcriptional responses of Arabidopsis leaves to heat shock
Authors: Liu Min , Zhu Jiafu , Dong Zhicheng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPlants have evolved efficient mechanisms for adapting to temperature fluctuations, known as heat stress response and heat stress memory. Although the transcriptional regulatory network of plant heat stress response has been established, little is known about the genome‐wide transcriptional changes occurring within the first several minutes after heat shock. Here, we investigated the nascent RNA and mature messenger RNA (mRNA) from plant leaf tissues exposed to 5 min of heat shock treatment using global run‐on sequencing and RNA sequencing methods. Only a small group of genes were up‐ or downregulated at both the nascent RNA and mRNA levels. Primed plants that were already exposed to mild heat stress exhibited a more drastic alteration at multiple transcriptional steps than naïve plants that had not experienced heat stress. Upon heat shock, we also observed the following: (i) engaged RNA polymerase II accumulated downstream of transcription start sites; (ii) 5′ pausing release was a rate‐limiting step for the induction of some heat shock protein genes; (iii) numerous genes switched transcription modes; (iv) pervasive read‐through was induced at terminators; and (v) heat stress memory occurs at multiple steps of the transcription cycle, such as at Pol II recruitment, 5′ pausing, elongation, and termination.
Nursing teamwork in general ward settings: A mixed‐methods exploratory study among enrolled and registered nurses
Authors: Goh Pearlyn Qin Ling , Ser Ting Fang , Cooper Simon , Cheng Ling Jie , Liaw Sok Ying 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimTo examine the perceived level of nursing teamwork and factors influencing teamwork among enrolled nurses (ENs) and registered nurses (RNs) in general ward settings.BackgroundThe nursing care delivery model includes RNs, ENs and others who work as a team to deliver patient care. The potential impact of teamwork on nursing care highlights the need to explore the work of nursing teams.DesignA mixed‐methods exploratory study.MethodQuantitative and qualitative data were collected concurrently from ENs and RNs in 2018. Two hundred and forty‐eight (n = 248) nurses completed the Nursing Teamwork Survey. Sixteen nurses participated in focus group discussions. Qualitative data were reported following COREQ guidelines, while quantitative data followed the STROBE guidelines.ResultsBoth ENs and RNs scored highest for the shared mental model subscale but lowest for the team orientation subscale. Factors including qualification level, years of working experience, perceived job staffing adequacy and job satisfaction were found to influence teamwork. Three themes emerged from the qualitative findings: expectations of each other's role, delegation practices and interpersonal relationships. ENs and RNs differed in their expectations of their role in basic patient care activities and faced power struggles related to delegation practices. Open and structured communication was deemed essential in building interpersonal relationships.ConclusionThe ENs and RNs have clear understanding of their personal roles and responsibilities towards achieving a common goal. However, teamwork may be improved with a shared mental model in performing basic nursing care tasks, mutual support for workload management, better delegation practices, effective communication, enhanced interpersonal relationships and better team orientation.Relevance to clinical practiceNurse managers and educators need to work collaboratively to foster positive delegation practices in clinical practice supported by applicable team training that enhances mutual trust, backup behaviours and collective orientation in nursing teams.
Inflation targeting in low‐income countries: Does IT work?
Authors: Morozumi Atsuyoshi , Bleaney Michael , Mumuni Zakari 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrevious research on inflation targeting (IT) has focused on high‐income countries and emerging market economies (EMEs). Only recently have sufficient data accumulated for the performance of IT in low‐income countries (LICs) to be assessed. We show that IT has not so far been as effective in reducing inflation in LICs as in EMEs. Relatively low central banks’ instrument independence in LICs, associated with weak restrictions limiting a central bank’s lending to the government, helps explain this result.
How do we design and report a high‐quality survey?
Authors: Pagano Monica B. , Dunbar Nancy M. , Stanworth Simon J. ,   BEST Collaborative and the Clinical Studies Group
Published: July 2020

AbstractEvery day, new surveys are planned, distributed, or reported by health care professionals. Surveys are an inexpensive and convenient research tool used with increasing frequency as an approach to gather and collate information on attitudes and behaviors for a specific topic. However, surveys can squander the valuable time of respondents who may derive little, if any, benefit from participation. Similar to any other research methodology, a careful design is needed to avoid introducing bias and to obtain meaningful information. A recent study evaluating the quality of surveys addressing clinical topics in transfusion medicine (TM) identified common deficiencies in the quality and design, including the failure to report validity and reliability, to address nonresponse error, to report funding and ethics/consent considerations, and to discuss the generalizability of results. Instructions to authors for reporting survey results are lacking in most journals. Inadequate survey design, analysis, and reporting can prevent accurate data collection and compromise the interpretation of the results, which is of critical relevance considering the high citation rates for some of these surveys. Further, survey results might be used to inform policies when no higher level of evidence is available. In this article, the authors seek to provide practical recommendations for designing high‐quality surveys based on personal experience and published literature and to address frequently missing key elements in survey‐based studies related to clinical TM.
Fast Dimensional Analysis for Root Cause Investigation in a Large-Scale Service Environment
Authors: Lin Fred , Muzumdar Keyur , Pavlovich Laptev Nikolay , Curelea Mihai-Valentin , Lee Seunghak , Sankar Sriram 
Published: July 2020

Root cause analysis in a large-scale production environment is challenging due to the complexity and scale of the services running across global data centers. It is often difficult to review the logs jointly for understanding production issues given the distributed nature of the system. Additionally, there could easily be millions of entities, each described by hundreds of features. In this paper we present a fast dimensional analysis framework that automates the root cause analysis on structured logs with improved scalability.
We first explore item-sets, i.e. combinations of feature values, that could identify groups of samples with sufficient support for the target failures using the Apriori algorithm and a subsequent improvement, FP-Growth. These algorithms were designed for frequent item-set mining and association rule learning over transactional databases. After applying them on structured logs, we select the item-sets that are most unique to the target failures based on lift. We propose pre-processing steps with the use of a large-scale real-time database and post-processing techniques and parallelism to further speed up the analysis and improve interpretability, and demonstrate that such optimization is necessary for handling largescale production datasets. We have successfully rolled out this approach for root cause investigation purposes within Facebook's infrastructure. We also present the setup and results from multiple production use cases in this paper.
Epigenetic CRISPR Screens Identify Npm1 as a Therapeutic Vulnerability in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Li Fei , Ng Wai-Lung , Luster Troy A. , Hu Hai , Sviderskiy Vladislav O. , Dowling Catríona M. , Hollinshead Kate E.R. , Zouitine Paula , Zhang Hua , Huang Qingyuan , Ranieri Michela , Wang Wei , Fang Zhaoyuan , Chen Ting , Deng Jiehui , Zhao Kai , So Hon-Cheong , Khodadadi-Jamayran Alireza , Xu Mousheng , Karatza Angeliki , Pyon Val , Li Shuai , Pan Yuanwang , Labbe Kristen , Almonte Christina , Poirier John T. , Miller George , Possemato Richard , Qi Jun , Wong Kwok-Kin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Despite advancements in treatment options, the overall cure and survival rates for non–small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) remain low. While small-molecule inhibitors of epigenetic regulators have recently emerged as promising cancer therapeutics, their application in patients with NSCLC is limited. To exploit epigenetic regulators as novel therapeutic targets in NSCLC, we performed pooled epigenome-wide CRISPR knockout screens in vitro and in vivo and identified the histone chaperone nucleophosmin 1 (Npm1) as a potential therapeutic target. Genetic ablation of Npm1 significantly attenuated tumor progression in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, KRAS-mutant cancer cells were more addicted to NPM1 expression. Genetic ablation of Npm1 rewired the balance of metabolism in cancer cells from predominant aerobic glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation and reduced the population of tumor-propagating cells. Overall, our results support NPM1 as a therapeutic vulnerability in NSCLC.

Significance:
Epigenome-wide CRISPR knockout screens identify NPM1 as a novel metabolic vulnerability and demonstrate that targeting NPM1 is a new therapeutic opportunity for patients with NSCLC.
Mutation of Arginine 264 on ERα (Estrogen Receptor Alpha) Selectively Abrogates the Rapid Signaling of Estradiol in the Endothelium Without Altering Fertility
Authors: Adlanmerini Marine , Fébrissy Chanaelle , Zahreddine Rana , Vessières Emilie , Buscato Mélissa , Solinhac Romain , Favre Julie , Anquetil Typhaine , Guihot Anne-Laure , Boudou Frederic , Raymond-Letron Isabelle , Chambon Pierre , Gourdy Pierre , Ohlsson Claes , Laurell Henrik , Fontaine Coralie , Metivier Raphaël , Le Romancer Muriel , Henrion Daniel , Arnal Jean-Francois , Lenfant Francoise 
Published: July 2020

Objective:
ERα (estrogen receptor alpha) exerts nuclear genomic actions and also rapid membrane-initiated steroid signaling. The mutation of the cysteine 451 into alanine in vivo has recently revealed the key role of this ERα palmitoylation site on some vasculoprotective actions of 17β-estradiol (E2) and fertility. Here, we studied the in vivo role of the arginine 260 of ERα which has also been described to be involved in its E2-induced rapid signaling with PI-3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) as well as G protein in cultured cell lines.

Approach and Results:

We generated a mouse model harboring a point mutation of the murine counterpart of this arginine into alanine (R264A-ERα). In contrast to the
C451A-ERα
, the
R264A-ERα
females are fertile with standard hormonal serum levels and normal control of hypothalamus-pituitary ovarian axis. Although R264A-ERα protein abundance was normal, the well-described membrane ERα–dependent actions of estradiol, such as the rapid dilation of mesenteric arteries and the acceleration of endothelial repair of carotid, were abrogated in
R264A-ERα
mice. In striking contrast, E2-regulated gene expression was highly preserved in the uterus and the aorta, revealing intact nuclear/genomic actions in response to E2. Consistently, 2 recognized nuclear ERα-dependent actions of E2, namely atheroma prevention and flow-mediated arterial remodeling were totally preserved.

Conclusions:
These data underline the exquisite role of arginine 264 of ERα for endothelial membrane-initiated steroid signaling effects of E2 but not for nuclear/genomic actions. This provides the first model of fertile mouse with no overt endocrine abnormalities with specific loss-of-function of rapid ERα signaling in vascular functions.
Resource Dependence and the Question of Autonomy in Environmental NGOs: Cases in China and the US
Authors: Pei Cheng , Parris Kristen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Studies of social organizations in the People’s Republic of China during the reform period emphasized their limited power and dependent nature, particularly when compared to the US, where associational life is generally understood as relatively independent from the state. More recently China scholars have found greater variation and complexity among social organizations in China and while others increasingly recognize hybridity in American and European organizations. There are, however, few studies comparing the NPO sector and its relationship with the state across regime types. Using resource dependence theory as a lens through which to examine the behaviors and development of two environmental protection organizations, one from China and one from the US, we identify similarities among social organizations operating in very different political and social contexts. Highly specialized organizations, with access to alternative resources can maintain an unexpected level of autonomy, even when the larger institutional context limits and controls associational life.
Electronic nicotine delivery system-induced alterations in oral health via saliva assessment
Authors: Alqahtani Saeed , Cooper Bruce , Spears Claire A , Wright Christa , Shannahan Jonathan 
Published: July 2020

Use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) is becoming increasingly prevalent. ENDS aerosols contain a variety of toxic components that may adversely impact health. Although exposure to traditional cigarette smoke is a risk factor for periodontal disease, the effects of ENDS on oral health have not been adequately examined. To evaluate potential oral health effects associated with ENDS use, a pilot study was performed with 14 current ENDS users and 16 never tobacco users. Participants completed questionnaires about their ENDS use and overall health. Saliva samples were assessed for differential biomarkers of inflammation, toxicity, and disease development. This included evaluation of specific inflammatory cytokines and the global assessment of alterations in metabolites. ENDS users were determined to have elevated saliva levels of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α indicative of inflammation. Metabolite profiling determined 368 metabolites were differentially expressed in the saliva of ENDS users versus never tobacco users. Cotinine, the primary metabolite of nicotine, was the most significantly altered metabolite between the groups. Increased levels of prostaglandins and leukotrienes indicated that ENDS users exhibited increased arachidonic acid metabolism compared to never tobacco users. Additionally, a variety of other metabolites known to be involved in immune signaling such as gangliosides, ceramides, angiotensin, and others were also different between groups. Overall, our pilot study demonstrates differential saliva component profiles in current ENDS users, which may contribute to periodontal disease development. These alterations suggest specific pathways of oral disease induced by ENDS use and could be utilized as potential future biomarkers. Impact statement The use of traditional tobacco products is a known risk factor for the development of diseases including periodontal disease. To date, the potential oral health effects related to electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use is unknown. This study collected saliva from ENDS users and never tobacco users to examine differences in the oral cavity of inflammatory cytokines and metabolites. The identification and measurement of these ENDS-related changes provide insight into disease pathways potentially associated with ENDS use. The utilization of saliva samples collected from human participates enhances the application of the findings compared to the majority of studies using cell culture and animal models. In addition, these foundational findings can inform future studies to examining specific pathways identified, interventional approaches, and application of translatable biomarkers of ENDS use.
Boost of single-photon emission by perfect coupling of InAs/GaAs quantum dot and micropillar cavity mode
Authors: Li Shulun , Chen Yao , Shang Xiangjun , Yu Ying , Yang Jiawei , Huang Junhui , Su Xiangbin , Shen Jiaxin , Sun Baoquan , Ni Haiqiao , Su Xingliang , Wang Kaiyou , Niu Zhichuan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe proposed a precise calibration process of Al 0.9Ga0.1As/GaAs DBR micropillar cavity to match the single InAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) exciton emission and achieve cavity mode resonance and a great enhancement of QD photoluminescence (PL) intensity. Light-matter interaction of single QD in DBR micropillar cavity (Q ∼ 3800) under weak coupling regime was investigated by temperature-tuned PL spectra; a pronounced enhancement (14.6-fold) of QD exciton emission was observed on resonance. The second-order autocorrelation measurement shows g(2)(0)=0.070, and the estimated net count rate before the first objective lens reaches 1.6×107 counts/s under continuous wave excitation, indicating highly pure single-photon emission at high count rates.