bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caracterización de Sífilis en embarazadas controladas en la unidad de Atención y Control en Salud Sexual del Hospital San José, Santiago de Chile (2010-2016)
Authors: Moya Nicolás , Gubelin Hans Walter , Santander Ester , Correa Claudia , Arévalo Paola , Zemelman Viviana 
Published: May 2020

La sífilis gestacional continúa siendo un problema de salud pública en el mundo. Produce severos efectos adversos en la madre y en el feto de no ser tratada. En Chile, el Ministerio de Salud ha establecido un tamizaje para esta infección cada 3 meses en el embarazo y al momento del parto. Un tratamiento adecuado y oportuno es capaz de prevenir todos los efectos adversos de la sífilis en el embarazo.Este fue un estudio transversal retrospectivo que incluyó a 406 embarazadas controladas en la Unidad de Atención y Control en Salud Sexual (UNACESS) del Hospital San José (HSJ) entre los años 2010-2016. Los resultados del estudio fueron que un 87,7% de las embarazadas eran chilenas y un 12,3% de otras nacionalidades. Las nacionalidades más frecuentes para el grupo de extranjeras fueron: 54% peruanas y 18% haitianas. Al ingreso al estudio, 47,5% de las embarazadas se encontraban en el segundo trimestre de embarazo. De todas las participantes, un 38,7% se encontraba en riesgo de sífilis congénita. En total, un 23% de las participantes presentó un falso positivo biológico, cifra similar a la reportada en otros estudios. En este estudio encontramos que, en gestantes extranjeras, había mayor proporción de diagnóstico tardío en que chilenas. Esto podría deberse a dificultades para ingresar a la atención en salud.Pese a que en Chile contamos con buenas tasas de diagnóstico, el manejo de la sífilis gestacional ser mejorado con una detección y tratamiento temprano. Las extranjeras buscaron atención en salud más tarde que las chilenas, por lo tanto, recibieron tratamiento más tardío y con mayor riesgo de sífilis congénita. Esto se puede explicar por dificultades para ingresar al sistema de salud.
Quantifying and Describing the Natural History and Costs of Alzheimer’s Disease and Effects of Hypothetical Interventions
Authors: Wimo Anders , Handels Ron , Winblad Bengt , Black Christopher M. , Johansson Gunilla , Salomonsson Stina , Eriksdotter Maria , Khandker Rezaul K. 
Published: May 2020

Background: A long-term horizon is necessary when the socioeconomic consequences and the potential effects of interventions in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are estimated. Objectives: To illustrate the potential societal costs of AD across the disease continuum and to illustrate the potential cost-effectiveness of a hypothetical intervention with disease modifying treatment (DMT). Methods: Based on the Swedish dementia registry, a Markov model was used to simulate a virtual cohort of 100,000 people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD (AD-MCI) in Sweden for 40 years starting at the age of 60. A simulated hypothetical intervention assumed a 25% reduction in progression rate during AD-MCI and mild AD-dementia. A comprehensive set of sensitivity analyses was included. Results: The cumulative risk to develop dementia was 96%. The mean simulated survival was 19.0 years. The net present value for a person year with dementia was 252,843 SEK (about 29,500 US$). The cost effectiveness model illustrated how the hypothetical scenario of a 25% reduction in progression to AD-dementia would require 41 AD-MCI patients to be treated to prevent one case of AD-dementia (2,447 avoided AD-dementia cases of 100,000 with AD-MCI). Most scenarios illustrated hypothetical cost effectiveness (based on a willingness to pay level of 600,000 SEK (70,000 US$) per gained QALY), but not cost savings. Discussion: Lifetime societal costs of AD are substantial. A future DMT may be potentially cost-effective given assumed treatment effects and costs, but cost savings are unlikely.
Hospitalizations and Mortality of Individuals with Dementia: Evidence from Czech National Registers
Authors: Broulikova Hana Marie , Arltova Marketa , Kuklova Marie , Formanek Tomas , Cermakova Pavla 
Published: May 2020

Background: Facing an increasing prevalence of dementia, the Czech Republic is developing a new nationwide strategy for the management and prevention of dementia. Lack of evidence about characteristics of individuals with dementia in the country is a major obstacle. Objective: The study aimed to 1) characterize individuals with dementia, 2) compare their mortality with the general population, and 3) analyze differences in survival between different dementia disorders. Methods: The study capitalizes on two nationwide registers in the Czech Republic, from which information about individuals who were hospitalized with dementia or died from it between 1994 and 2014 was retrieved. Standardized intensity of hospitalizations was calculated for each year, mortality was studied using standardized mortality ratio, life-tables, Kaplan-Mayer curves, and Cox proportional hazard models. Results: Standardized intensity of hospitalizations for dementia increased more than 3 times from 1994 to 2014. Standardized mortality ratio was 3.03 (95% confidence interval 2.97–3.08). One-year survival rate was 45% and five-year survival rate 16%. Vascular dementia was the most common type of dementia disorders and was associated with higher hazard of death than Alzheimer’s disease, even after adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical covariates (hazard ratio 1.04; 95% confidence interval 1.02–1.05). Conclusion: The study provides estimates on demographic characteristics and mortality of the Czech hospitalized dementia population, which have not been so far available and which are unique also in the context of the entire region of Central and Eastern Europe.
Memory and Executive Dysfunction Predict Complex Activities of Daily Living Impairment in Amnestic Multi-Domain Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: García-García-Patino Rosalía , Benito-León Julián , Mitchell Alex J. , Pastorino-Mellado Damián , García García Ricardo , Ladera-Fernández Valentina , Vicente-Villardón Jose Luis , Perea-Bartolomé María Victoria , Cacho Jesús 
Published: May 2020

Background: Specific cognitive alterations could be one of the predictors that lead to the complex activities of daily living (CADL) impairment in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and, hence, help to explain the continuum between MCI and dementia. Objective: We aimed to reevaluate the existing uncertainty regarding the impact of memory and executive functions on CADL in patients with MCI. Methods: Caregivers of 161 patients with amnestic multi-domain MCI and of 150 patients with incipient Alzheimer’s disease as well as 100 age-, sex-, and education-matched controls, completed the Interview for Deterioration in Daily Living Activities in Dementia, a suitable instrument for the description and discrimination of CADL. In addition, all patients and controls were assessed with a neuropsychological battery to measure explicit memory and executive functions performance. Results: Multiple regression analyses showed that in the group of patients with amnestic multi-domain MCI, 67.4% of the variability of the CADL impairment was explained by worse performance on executive functions tests ( p < 0.0001) and 41.8% by different explicit memory components impairment ( p < 0.0001). Further, in patients with incipient AD, 44.0% of the variability of CADL impairment was explained by worse performance on executive functions tests ( p < 0.0001) and 39.9% by different explicit memory components worsening ( p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Memory and executive functions alterations impact similarly on the CADL in both amnestic multi-domain MCI and incipient Alzheimer’s disease. Given the continuum that exists between both conditions, we conclude that CADL impairment may be an important early step in the evolution towards Alzheimer’s disease from amnestic multi-domain MCI.
Comparison of Two Analytical Platforms in Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for the Classification of Alzheimer’s Disease Spectrum with Amyloid PET Imaging
Authors: Lim Ho Jae , Park Jung Eun , Kim Byeong C. , Choi Seong-Min , Song Min-Kyung , Cho Soo Hyun , Seo Hyeon Jeong , Kim Jahae , Song Ho-Chun , Choi Kyu Yeong , Lee Jang Jae , Kim Hoo-Won , Ha Jung-Min , Song Woo Keun , Park Sung-Gyoo , Lee Jung Sup , Lee Kun Ho 
Published: May 2020

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ1-42), total tau protein (t-Tau), and phosphorylated Tau (p-Tau) are ATN biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and reflect pathogenic changes in the brain. CSF biomarkers of AD are considered for inclusion in the diagnostic criteria for research and clinical purposes to reduce the uncertainty of clinical diagnosis and to distinguish among AD stages. Objective: This study aims to compare two commercially available analytical platforms with respect to accuracy and the potential for early diagnosis of AD. Methods: A total of 211 CSF samples from healthy control (HC) and AD subjects were analyzed using two analytical platforms, INNOTEST ELISA and INNOBIA AlzBio3 xMAP kits. The accuracy of diagnosis and AUC values distinguishing study groups were compared between the two analytical platforms. Results: The absolute values for Aβ1-42, t-Tau, and p-Tau181 levels differed between the two platforms. The Aβ1-42 levels decreased, while t-Tau and p-Tau levels increased according to the AD stages. The AUC of Aβ1-42 and t-Tau, which distinguish the early stages of AD (preclinical and prodromal AD), were similar between the two platforms, whereas there were significant differences in p-Tau AUC values. CSF p-Tau using the INNOBIA was highly accurate for distinguishing both preclinical AD (AUC = 0.826, cut-off score≥38.89) and prodromal AD (AUC = 0.862, cut-off score≥41.88) from HC. Conclusion: The accuracy of CSF p-Tau levels in the preclinical and prodromal AD is higher for the INNOBIA than the INNOTEST, and the early stage AD can be accurately distinguished from HC.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers to Differentiate Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus from Subcortical Ischemic Vascular Disease
Authors: Manniche Christina , Simonsen Anja Hviid , Hasselbalch Steen Gregers , Andreasson Ulf , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Høgh Peter , Juhler Marianne , Hejl Anne-Mette 
Published: May 2020

Background: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) remains a challenge to differentiate from subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD). Despite major research efforts, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker profiles of the two diseases are still not known in detail. Objective: To determine if novel CSF biomarkers, neurofilament light (NFL) reflecting axonal damage, the synaptic protein neurogranin (NG), and the astroglial marker chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL-40), and the core Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarkers, amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42), total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau (p-tau), can differentiate iNPH from SIVD. Patients with AD and healthy controls (HC) were included for comparison purposes. Methods: Patients with iNPH ( n = 28), SIVD ( n = 30), AD ( n = 57), and HC ( n = 33) were retrospectively included from the Danish Dementia Biobank. All patients with iNPH had effect of shunt surgery with a follow-up period of 4 to 69 months. CSF biomarkers were measured using immunoassays. Results: Lower levels of NFL, NG, Aβ42, and t-tau were found in patients with iNPH versus SIVD, while YKL-40 and p-tau were similar in the two diseases. NFL and Aβ42 were the most reliable biomarkers to differentiate iNPH from SIVD with an area under the curve (AUC) on 0.82 and 0.80, respectively. Combining NFL with Aβ42, t-tau, and p-tau resulted in an AUC of 0.90, which was equivalent to the diagnostic accuracy of all six biomarkers combined. Conclusion: An addition of NFL to the CSF panel of Aβ42, t-tau, and p-tau may improve the differentiation of iNPH from SIVD.
IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNFα Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Human Influence the Susceptibility to Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology
Authors: Babić Leko Mirjana , Nikolac Perković Matea , Klepac Nataša , Štrac Dubravka Švob , Borovečki Fran , Pivac Nela , Hof Patrick R. , Šimić Goran 
Published: May 2020

Background: Neuroinflammation plays an important role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). During this process, activated microglia release pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1 α, IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α) that participate in neuron damage, but also anti-inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-10), which maintain homeostasis of immune response. Previous studies showed the association of IL-1 α –889C/T (rs1800587), IL-1β–1473G/C (rs1143623), IL-6 –174C/G (rs1800795), IL-10 –1082G/A (rs1800896), and TNF α –308A/G (rs1800629) polymorphisms with AD. Objective: We aimed to investigate whether people with certain IL-1 α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF α genotypes in these polymorphisms are more prone to develop AD-related pathology, reflected by pathological levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers including amyloid-β1-42, total tau (t-tau), tau phosphorylated at Thr 181 (p-tau181), Ser 199 (p-tau199), and Thr 231 (p-tau231), and visinin-like protein 1 (VILIP-1). Methods: The study included 115 AD patients, 53 patients with mild cognitive impairment, and 11 healthy controls. The polymorphisms were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Levels of CSF biomarkers were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: A significant increase in p-tau CSF levels was found in patients with the AA IL-10 –1082G/A and GG TNF α –308A/G genotypes, and in carriers of a G allele in IL-1β –1473C/G and IL-6 –174C/G polymorphisms. t-tau levels were increased in carriers of a G allele in IL-1β –1473C/G polymorphism. An increase in VILIP-1 levels was observed in patients with CG and GG IL-1β –1473C/G, GC IL-6 –174C/G, and GG TNF α –308A/G genotype. Conclusion: These results suggest that persons carrying certain genotypes in IL10 (–1082G/A), IL1β (1473C/G), IL6 (–174C/G), and TNFI α (–308A/G) could be more vulnerable to development of neuroinflammation, and consequently of AD.
Aberrant Hippocampal Functional Connectivity Is Associated with Fornix White Matter Integrity in Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Wang Pan , Zhou Bo , Yao Hongxiang , Xie Sangma , Feng Feng , Zhang Zengqiang , Guo Yan’e , An Ningyu , Zhou Yuying , Zhang Xi , Liu Yong 
Published: May 2020

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in older individuals, and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is currently considered the prodromal stage of AD. The hippocampus and fornix interact functionally and structurally, with the fornix being the major efferent white matter tract from the hippocampus. Objective: The main aim of this study was to examine the impairments present in subjects with AD or aMCI and the relationship of these impairments with the microstructure of the fornix and the functional connectivity (FC) and gray matter volume of the hippocampus. Methods: Forty-four AD, 34 aMCI, and 41 age- and gender-matched normal controls (NCs) underwent neuropsychological assessments and multimode MRI. We chose the bilateral hippocampi as the region of interest in which gray matter alterations and FC with the whole brain were assessed and the fornix body as the region of interest in which the microstructural integrity of the white matter was observed. We also evaluated the relationship among gray matter alterations, the abnormal FC of the hippocampus and the integrity of the fornix in AD/aMCI Results: Compared to the NC group, the AD and aMCI groups demonstrated decreased gray matter volume, reduced FC between the bilateral hippocampi and several brain regions in the default mode network and control network, and damaged integrity of the fornix body (decreased fractional anisotropy and increased diffusivity). We also found that left hippocampal FC with some regions, the integrity of the fornix body, and cognition ability were significantly correlated. Therefore, our findings suggest that damage to white matter integrity may partially explain the reduced resting-state FC of the hippocampus in AD and aMCI. Conclusion: AD and aMCI are diseases of disconnectivity including not only functional but also structural disconnectivity. Damage to white matter integrity may partially explain the reduced resting-state FC in AD and aMCI. These findings have significant implications for diagnostics and modeling and provide insights for understanding the disconnection syndrome in AD.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids Increase Amyloid-β Immunity, Energy, and Circadian Rhythm for Cognitive Protection of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients Beyond Cholinesterase Inhibitors
Authors: Fiala Milan , Lau Yik Chai Charles , Aghajani Anthony , Bhargava Sneha , Aminpour Eli , Kaczor-Urbanowicz Karolina Elżbieta , Mirzoyan Hayk , Nichols India , Ko Meng-Wei , Morselli Marco , Santana Joslyn , Dang Johnny , Sayre James , Paul Ketema , Pellegrini Matteo 
Published: May 2020

Background: The cholinesterase inhibitor therapeutics (CI) approved for use in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are palliative for a limited time. Objective: To examine the outcome of AD patients with add-on therapy of the omega-3 fatty acid drink Smartfish. Methods: We performed a prospective study using Mini-Mental State Examination, amyloid-β (Aβ) phagocytosis blood assay, and RNA-seq of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 28 neurodegenerative patients who had failed their therapies, including 8 subjective cognitive impairment (SCI), 8 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 2 AD dementia, 1 frontotemporal dementia (FTD), 2 vascular cognitive impairment, and 3 dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) patients. Results: MCI, FTD, and DLB patients patients volunteered for the addition of a ω-3 fatty acid drink Smartfish protected by anti-oxidants to failing CI therapy. On this therapy, all MCI patients improved in the first year energy transcripts, Aβ phagocytosis, cognition, and activities of daily living; in the long term, they remained in MCI status two to 4.5 years. All FTD and DLB patients rapidly progressed to dementia. On in vivo or in vitro ω-3 treatments, peripheral blood mononuclear cells of MCI patients upregulated energy enzymes for glycolysis and citric acid cycle, as well as the anti-inflammatory circadian genes CLOCK and ARNTL2. Conclusion: Add-on ω-3 therapy to CI may delay dementia in certain patients who had failed single CI therapy.
"Informe sobre el desarrollo humano 2001. Poner el desarrollo tecnológico al servicio del desarrollo humano" (Recensión)
Authors: Camacho Laraña, S.I. Ildefonso 
Published: May 2020

Recensión de la obra: PROGRAMA DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS PARA EL DESARROLLO (PNUD), (2001), Informe sobre el desarrollo humano 2001. Poner el desarrollo tecnológico al servicio del desarrollo humano, Ed. PNUD–Mundi Prensa, Nueva York–Madrid, 268 págs.
Inmigración y Derechos humanos
Authors: Valadier Paul 
Published: May 2020

En esta conferencia, pronunciada en el Congreso de Eurojess, celebrado en Berlín del 27 de agosto al 2 de septiembre de este año, el autor propone, en primer lugar, las razones para pensar la hipótesis de los Derechos humanos como fundamento radical del hecho y del derecho a la emigración, para desarrollar, en un segundo momento, las dificultades conceptuales y prácticas que tal fundamentación presenta. El autor piensa que más que hablar de un derecho humano a la migración habría que pensar ésta desde las solas exigencias de la globalización económica, para pensar asimismo sus limitaciones.
Sociedades ancianas, sociedades de las solidaridades
Authors: Parro Fernández Iván 
Published: May 2020

La imagen social del anciano ha ido evolucionando con las diferentes épocas históricas. Actualmente son cada vez más los mayores que sienten que la llegada del período de la jubilación no es el fin de la vida, sino el inicio de una nueva etapa activa y, en muchos casos más enriquecedora, que abre nuevas posibilidades para el contacto con la sociedad y con aquellos que de ella formamos parte.
En esta nota se perfila un recorrido acerca de la consideración social del anciano y se apuntan experiencias e historias de vida sobre los distintos servicios de carácter social y humanitario que prestan estos ancianos y que nos pueden ayudar a valorar en su amplitud este fenómeno que tiene previsiones de aumentar. Quizá entonces el mundo sea diferente y, con ello, podamos construir esa sociedad para todos que reclamamos con simpatía y generosidad.
Reseñas
Authors: Camacho Laraña, S.I. Ildefonso , Romero Rodríguez, S.I. José Juan , Theotonio Cáceres, S.I. Vicente , Castón Boyer Pedro 
Published: May 2020

Reseñas de las obras:
ETXEBERRIA, X. (2002), Temas básicos de ética, Bilbao, Desclée de Brouwer, 207 págs.
VIELVA, J. (2002). Ética profesional de la enfermería, Bilbao, Desclée de Brouwer, 258 págs.
BERMEJO, F. J. (2002), La ética del trabajo social, Bilbao, Desclée de Brouwer, 253 págs.
GUTIÉRREZ GARCÍA, J. L (2001), Introducción a la doctrina social de la Iglesia, Barcelona, Ariel, 520 págs.
IBÁÑEZ, H. (2002), De la integración a la exclusión. Los avatares del trabajo productivo a finales del siglo XX, Santander, Sal Terrae, Colección Presencia Social, nº 30, 254 págs.
PRIETO, F. (2002), Historia de las Ideas y de las Formas Políticas. IV Edad Contemporánea. 1 El Romanticismo, Madrid, Unión Editorial, 531 págs.
FLAQUER, LL. (2000), Las políticas familiares en una perspectiva comparada, Barcelona, Fundación La Caixa, Colección Estudios Sociales, nº 3, 165 págs.
ALBERDI, I.; ESCARIO, P.; MATAS, N. (2000), Las mujeres jóvenes en España, Barcelona, Fundación La Caixa, Colección Estudios Sociales, nº 4, 303 págs.
BOURDIEU, P. (2000), Poder, Derecho y Clases sociales, Bilbao, Desclée de Brower, 232 págs
ORTIZ MOLINA, J. (2001), Legales, ilegales y otros trabajadores: el desconcierto migratorio, Desde el Sur. Cuadernos de Economía y Sociedad, nº 11, 4º trimestre 2001, Sevilla, Mergablum, 49 págs.
VÍCTOR PÉREZ–DÍAZ, V.; ÁLVAREZ–MIRANDA, B.; GONZÁLEZ–ENRÍQUEZ, C. (2001), España ante la inmigración, Barcelona, Fundación La Caixa, Colección Estudios Sociales, nº 8, 240 págs.
D’SOUZA, S. (ed.), Population and Poverty Issues at the Dawn of the 21st Century, New Delhi, Indian Social Institute, 2001, 383 págs.