bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Desert‐like badlands and surrounding (semi‐)dry grasslands of Central Germany promote small‐scale phenotypic and genetic differentiation inThymus praecox
Authors: Karbstein Kevin , Tomasello Salvatore , Prinz Kathleen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEnvironmental heterogeneity among sites can generate phenotypic and genetic variation facilitating differentiation and microevolution of plant populations. Badlands are desert‐like, predominantly vegetation‐poor habitats often embedded in (semi‐)dry grasslands. The desert‐like conditions of badlands demand extreme adaptation of plants, that is, phenotypic modifications in short‐term and/or natural adaptation in long‐term. However, detailed knowledge is missing about both plant phenotypic and genetic differentiation in this unique and widely occurring habitat type. The present study focused on the largest known badlands systems in Central Europe located in the “Drei Gleichen” region, a designated nature conservation area in Central Germany. Locations were suitable for this study in terms of having co‐occurring badlands and (semi‐)dry grassland habitats (sites) occupied by the pioneer plantThymus praecox. Here, we studied the environmental preferences, morphological and functional trait variation, and genetic variation using microsatellite markers ofT. praecox. Results revealed significant, mainly site‐dependent environmental, phenotypic, and genetic differentiation. In general, individuals in badlands are shorter in height and have lower patch sizes (length × width), relative growth rates, and smaller stomata. The PCA additionally unveiled slightly increased leaf robustness, trichome density, decreased stomatal conductance, fewer females, and earlier phenology in badlands. We interpret differentiation patterns as adaptive responses to light, temperature, drought, and nutrient stress conditions supported by reviewed literature. Genetic differentiation was strongest between local badlands and grassland sites, and clearly weaker among locations and between sites (in total) as indicated byGST, AMOVA, PCoA, and population structure. Our study supports the importance of small‐scale microhabitat conditions as a driver of microevolutionary processes, and the population's need for sufficient phenotypic variation and genetic resources to deal with environmental changes. We demonstrated that badlands are an appropriate model system for testing plant response to extreme habitats and that more research is needed on these fascinating landscapes.
Mineralization of mefenamic acid from hospital wastewater using electro‐Fenton degradation: Optimization and identification of removal mechanism issues
Authors: Dolatabadi Maryam , Ahmadzadeh Saeid , Ghaneian Mohammad T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMefenamic acid (MFA) is a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug widely used for the short‐term treatment of mild to moderate pain as well as treatment of primary dysmenorrhea and for decreasing the pain and blood loss during menstrual periods. Since MFA has been detected in raw and sewage water worldwide, the current work deals with the optimizing of removal of MFA from hospital wastewater using the electro‐Fenton (E‐Fenton) process. A cylindrical Pyrex reactor containing 250 ml of wastewater was employed for treatment investigation. The effects of main variables on the removal process were investigated and the optimum experimental condition was obtained with adequate desirability under the response surface methodology. The obtained results revealed that the removal efficiency of 95.3% was achieved under the optimal experimental condition, including MFA initial concentration of 7.0 mg L−1, the H2O2 dosage of 700 μl/L, the current density of 6.6 mA cm−2, and the reaction time of 12 min. The removal mechanism studies showed that •OH as the dominant radical species plays the main role in E‐Fenton process. The MFA removal followed the pseudo‐first‐order kinetic model. Under the optimum condition of the E‐Fenton process, the removal efficiency of MFA from synthetic wastewater was in satisfactory agreement with the real hospital wastewater treatment.
Systematic review of risk factors for eating psychopathology in athletes: A critique of an etiological model
Authors: Stoyel Hannah , Slee Adrian , Meyer Caroline , Serpell Lucy 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe theoretical model by Petrie and Greenleaf (2007, 2012) is an admirable attempt to collate the causal factors of disordered eating in athletes. The aims of this systematic review are (a) to provide an overview of the findings from the relevant literature, (b) to assess whether the model is supported by the existing research, (c) to evaluate the different designs, methods, and measures used to test the mediators in the model, and (d) to highlight areas for improvements and future research.MethodA systematic review of four major online databases identified 37 relevant papers on risk factors of disordered eating in athletes, which were reviewed and critically compared with the theoretical model.ResultsThere is a lack of longitudinal research with the relevant mediators in athlete populations, which makes it difficult to determine whether the potential mediators described by Petrie and Greenleaf are causal risk factors rather than simply correlates of disordered eating for athletes. Findings for all the potential mediators are inconsistent, and the range of measures used makes it problematic to draw conclusions.ConclusionsFuture research needs to use gold standard measures and longitudinal designs in order to fully test and possibly update the model.
Release principle of peptides and amino acids during the autolysis of shrimp head from Litopenaeus vannamei after UV‐C irradiation stress
Authors: Cao Wenhong , Tian Shen , Wang He , Zhang Chaohua , Yuan Jianjun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUV‐C irradiation can activate endogenous enzymes in the body of many aquatic animals. Autolysis kinetics of shrimp head after UV‐C irradiation stress was investigated. During the first 5 hr of autolysis, the release of the autolysis products was in line with the first‐order equations of the reaction rate: Y = 37.681e−0.173t, Pe = −1.769Y + 74.156, and TP = −1.5117Y + 60.866. A good linear correlation was founded between the release of total protein and that of products with molecular weight of 3,000 Da after these products associated with residual total protein were autolyzed. In contrast to the inconsistent effect of substrate concentration on autolysis rate constants, the effects of pH and temperature on the autolysis rate constants of shrimp head showed a consistent pattern. An Arrhenius equation (lnKa = 8,090.2/T − 26.497) was established to validate the proposed autolysis kinetic equations. The autolysis rate of products with molecular weight < 3,000 Da increased rapidly from 0 hr to 3 hr. The aliphatic amino acids showed a higher amount release than that of other amino acids during the autolysis. The amounts of released heterocyclic amino acids (Trp and His) were also much more than that of other amino acids.
The contributions of spatial context and imagery to the recollection of single words
Authors: Lalla Azara , Robin Jessica , Moscovitch Morris 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA number of theories of hippocampal function have placed spatial context at the center of richly recollected memories, but the subjective and objective ways that spatial context underlies the recollection of single words has been largely overlooked and underexplained. In this study, we conducted three experiments to investigate the involvement of spatial context in the recollection of single words. In all three experiments, participants encoded single words with varying features such as location and color. The subjective experience of recollection was measured using remember/know judgments and participant self‐report of the types of information they recollected about the words. Objectively, recollection was measured using source memory judgments for both spatial and non‐spatial features associated with the words. Our results provide evidence that spatial context frequently accompanies the recollection of single, isolated words, reviving discussions on the role of the hippocampus in spatial and detailed recollection.
Comparison of cytokine changes in three different lipoprotein apheresis systems in an ex vivo whole blood model
Authors: Hardersen Randolf , Enebakk Terje , Christiansen Dorte , Ludviksen Judith K. , Mollnes Tom E. , Lappegård Knut Tore , Hovland Anders 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionEven if proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors have replaced lipoprotein apheresis in many patients, lipoprotein apheresis still is an important option in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, progressive atherosclerosis or when removal of lipoprotein(a) is indicated. Additional possible favorable effects beyond lipid lowering could include changes in the concentration of cytokines and improvement of hemorheology.MethodsWe evaluated how whole blood adsorption, dextran sulfate plasma adsorption, and double filtration plasmapheresis lipoprotein apheresis systems affected cytokine concentrations, using a human whole blood ex vivo model differentiating the effect of the lipoprotein apheresis and plasma separation columns and describing temporal changes.ResultsCompared to the control bag, the whole blood adsorption system reduced Interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), IL‐8, IL‐1ra, eotaxin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP‐1), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)‐BB, regulated on activation T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), macrophage inflammatory protein‐1β (MIP‐1β), and IP‐10 (P < .05). The dextran sulfate plasma adsorption system reduced IFN‐γ, IL‐8, IL‐1ra, eotaxin, TNF, MCP‐1, PDGF‐BB, MIP‐1β, and IP‐10 (P < .05). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) were increased in the whole blood and dextran sulfate plasma adsorption systems (P < .05). The double filtration plasmapheresis system reduced IFN‐γ, IL‐1ra, TNF, MIP‐1β, and IP‐10 (P < .05), while MCP‐1,VEGF, GM‐CSF, and RANTES were increased (P < .05). The plasma separation column increased concentration of RANTES, and was a barrier to reduction of eotaxin. Temporal patterns of concentration change indicated first pass increase of PDGF‐BB and first pass reduction of IP‐10.ConclusionThere were marked differences in how the three systems affected total and temporal cytokine concentration changes in this in vitro model, as well as compared to former in vivo studies.
Comprehensive 1H and 13C NMR assignment of 13 protobassic acid saponins
Authors: Chen Hsin‐Yi , Tsai Sheng‐Fa , Lee Shoei‐Sheng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to carry out complete 1H and 13C NMR assignment of 13 protobassic acid saponins, including arganins A–C (1–3) and F (4), butyrosides B–D (5–7), tieghemelin (8), 3′‐O‐glucosyl‐arganin C (9), Mi‐saponins A–C (10–12), and mimusopsin (13), recorded in methanol‐d4. This was accomplished by the analysis of high‐resolution one‐dimensional (1D) NMR (1H and 13C), two‐dimensional (2D) NMR (1H–1H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC), and selectively excited 1D TOCSY spectra. Before this study, 1H and 13C NMR data of arganins A–C (1–3) and F (4) were partially assigned. Our effort leads to their complete assignment, especially the glycon residue, and revises some reported data. Some revisions of the 1H and 13C NMR data in the glycon part of butyroside C (6), tieghemelin (8), Mi‐saponin A (10), and mimusopsin (13) were made. Those data of butyrosides B and D (5 & 7) and Mi‐saponin B (11), which had not been recorded in methanol‐d4, are provided. In addition, the 1H and 13C NMR data of Mi‐saponin C (12) are reported for the first time. These data, being recorded in methanol‐d4, should be more friendly for use as a reference for identifying the related triterpenoid saponins.
Analysis of genotype distribution of thalassemia and G6PD deficiency among Hakka population in Meizhou city of Guangdong Province
Authors: Wu Heming , Zhu Qiuyan , Zhong Hua , Yu Zhikang , Zhang Qunji , Huang Qingyan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to explore genotype distribution thalassemia and G6PD deficiency in Meizhou city, China.MethodsA total of 16 158 individuals were involved in thalassemia genetic testing. A total of 605 subjects were screened for common Chinese G6PD mutations by gene chip analysis. Genotypes and allele frequencies were analyzed.ResultsA total of 5463 cases carried thalassemia mutations were identified, including 3585 cases, 1701 cases, and 177 cases with α‐, β‐, and α + β‐thalassemia mutations, respectively. ‐‐SEA (65.12%), ‐α3.7 (19.05%), and ‐α4.2 (8.05%) deletion were the main mutations of α‐thalassemia, while IVS‐II‐654(C → T) (40.39%), CD41‐42(‐TCTT) (32.72%), ‐28(A → G) (10.11%), and CD17(A → T) (9.32%) mutations were the principal mutations of β‐thalassemia in Meizhou. There were significant differences in allele frequencies in some counties. Genetic testing for G6PD deficiency, six mutation sites, and one polymorphism were detected in our study. A total of 198 alleles with the mutation were detected among 805 alleles (24.6%). G6PD Canton (c.1376 G → T) (45.96%), G6PD Kaiping (c.1388 G → A) (39.39%), and G6PD Gaohe (c.95 A → G) (9.09%) account for 94.44% mutations, followed by G6PD Chinese‐5 (c.1024 C → T) (4.04%), G6PD Viangchan (c.871G → A) (1.01%), and G6PD Maewo (c.1360 C → T) (0.51%). There were some differences of the distribution of G6PD mutations among eight counties in Meizhou.ConclusionsThe ‐‐SEA, ‐α3.7, and ‐α4.2 deletion were the main mutations of α‐thalassemia, while IVS‐II‐654(C → T), CD41‐42(‐TCTT), ‐28(A → G), and CD17(A → T) mutations were the principal mutations of β‐thalassemia in Meizhou. G6PD c.1376 G → T, c.1388 G → A, and c.95 A → G were the main mutations of G6PD deficiency. There were some differences of the distribution of thalassemia and G6PD mutations among eight counties in Meizhou.
Perceived neighborhood disorder and psychological distress among Latino adults in the United States: Considering spousal/partner relationship
Authors: Kwon Soyoung 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIt has been well‐established that neighborhood disorder and disadvantage are detrimental to mental health and psychological well‐being. There has been growing research interest in minority stress issues, however, less is known about how perceived neighborhood disorder matters for psychological well‐being among Latino adults in the United States. Analyzing data from National Latino Asian American Study, 2002–2003, the present study investigates the relationships among perceived neighborhood disorder, spousal/partner relationships (i.e., spousal/partner strain and support), and psychological distress. The findings indicated that perceived neighborhood disorder and spousal/partner strain were positively associated with increased psychological distress, whereas spousal/partner support had no protective effect against psychological distress. Moreover, mediation analysis showed that the association between perceived neighborhood disorder and psychological distress was partially mediated by spousal/partner strain (i.e., 15.13%), not spousal support. Finally, moderation analysis revealed that the presence of spousal/partner strain exacerbated the relationship between perceived neighborhood disorder and psychological distress. Conversely, the absence of spousal/partner strain appeared to buffer the adverse impact of neighborhood disorder on psychological distress. These findings highlighted the ill effect of problematic neighborhood environments on the quality of the spousal/partner relationship and subsequently Latino's psychological well‐being.
A structural regression analysis of trauma‐informed climate factors, organizational commitment, and burnout among behavioral healthcare providers in a large public hospital
Authors: Hales Travis W. , Nochajski Thomas H. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAs an approach to organizational change, trauma‐informed care is contextualized within the broader organizational literature by examining the associations between organizational conditions (i.e., psychological experiences of choice and collaboration in the work environment) with precursors to organizational effectiveness (i.e., affective commitment and burnout). The study occurred within a large public hospital's behavioral health department located in the Western New York region (N = 197). Structural regression analyses were conducted, and the primary findings, while nuanced, include support for choice and collaboration's prediction of employee commitment and burnout. Organizational interventions that improve worker's experiences of choice and collaboration may result in increased commitment, reduced burnout, and possibly improved effectiveness. Future research should employ longitudinal designs to further examine the condition–performance relationship and include direct measures of clinical effectiveness.
Analysis of social media forums to elicit narratives of graduate engineering student attrition
Authors: Berdanier Catherine G. P. , Whitehair Carey , Kirn Adam , Satterfield Derrick 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundGraduate engineering student attrition is prevalent, but most literature that studies graduate attrition is accomplished in disciplines outside of STEM or engineering, yielding an incomplete understanding of either attrition or persistence.Purpose/HypothesisThe purpose of this article is to investigate the relationships between motivators of attrition for engineering graduate students.Design/MethodData were collected using an online Web‐scraping “bot” that mines data from the online forum Reddit. The anonymous textual forum threads collected were qualitatively analyzed through open‐coding methods.ResultsThe emergent themes reveal the interconnectedness between the roles of the advisor, student perception of cost, their support network, goals, their perceptions of how others perceive them, and quality of life and work. Our model is flexible in that it illuminates underlying combinations of factors that can influence student attrition.ConclusionThis study provides a framework by which various stakeholders can approach the support and education of graduate students, including mentoring students both toward or away from graduate school per the student's goals.
Binding of anticancer drug adriamycin to parallel G‐quadruplex DNA [d‐(TTAGGGT)]4 comprising human telomeric DNA leads to thermal stabilization: A multiple spectroscopy study
Authors: Raje Shailja , Pandav Kumud , Barthwal Ritu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAdriamycin is known to exert its anti cancer action by inhibiting DNA duplication, RNA transcription and topoisomerase‐II enzyme action. Recent findings of its binding to G‐quadruplex DNA resulting in telomere dysfunction indicated multiple strategies of its action. The interaction of anticancer drug adriamycin with parallel stranded inter molecular G‐quadruplex DNA [d‐(TTAGGGT)]4 comprising human telomeric DNA sequence TTAGGG was investigated by absorption, fluorescence, circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to understand mode of their interaction. The adriamycin binds as monomer to G‐quadruplex DNA with affinity (Kb1 = 9.8x105 M−1 and Kb2 = 6.7x105 M−1) higher than that reported for daunomycin, at two independent sites, mainly in terminal stacking and groove binding modes. The bound complex formed as a result of specific interactions induces thermal stabilization of DNA by 12.5–28.1°C, which is likely to hinder telomere association with telomerase enzyme and contribute significantly to adriamycin‐induced apoptosis in cancer cell lines. The findings have therapeutic potential towards drug designing by way of altering substituent groups on anthracyclines to enhance efficacy using additional mechanism of targeting pathway of telomere maintenance by disrupting telomerase association with telomeres.
Junctional ectopic tachycardia in infants and children
Authors: Kylat Ranjit I. , Samson Ricardo A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTachyarrhythmias originating in the atrioventricular (AV) node and AV junction including the bundle of His complex (BH) are called junctional tachycardia (JT) or junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET). Congenital JET (CJET) is a rare arrhythmia that occurs in patients without a preceding cardiac surgery and can be refractory to medical therapy and associated with high morbidity and mortality. CJET has a high rate of morbidity and mortality with death occurring in 35% of cases. JET occurring within 72 hours after cardiac surgery is referred to as postoperative JET (POJET) and caused by direct trauma, ischemic, or stretch injury to the AV conduction tissues during surgical repair of congenital heart defects. Focal junctional tachycardia (FJT) is also known as automatic junctional tachycardia and includes paroxysmal or non‐paroxysmal forms. We discuss a staged approach to therapy with improved pharmacological therapies and the use of catheter‐based therapies.
Feasibility of low‐cost accelerometers in measuring functional recovery after major oncologic surgery
Authors: Barkley Rachel , Khalil Maryam , Shen Perry , Levine Edward A. , Votanopoulos Konstantinos , Clark Clancy J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesLow‐cost consumer–based activity monitors (CAMs), such as the Fitbit, are popular for fitness and wellness tracking. Functional status is an excellent predictor of postoperative outcomes, yet objective measurements are resource‐intensive. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of using activity monitors during the perioperative period in patients undergoing major oncologic surgery.MethodsAn institution review board proved that a prospective study was conducted. CAMs were worn throughout the perioperative period and accelerometer data were collected. Baseline and 21‐days follow‐up functional measures included short physical performance battery, Community Health Activities Model Program questionnaire, mobility assessment tool‐short form, and 400 m walk.ResultsA total of 19 of 22 (86%) patients who wore a CAM during the perioperative period had analyzable data. Compliance with wearing the device varied significantly: 100% preadmission, 19% in‐hospital, and 82% postdischarge. Median daily steps decreased from preadmission to postdischarge (77% median reduction). Established resource‐intensive measures of functional status did not perform well as measures of decreased functional status and activity when comparing baseline to 21‐day postdischarge assessments.ConclusionsActivity monitors are a feasible, low‐cost measure of perioperative activity for patients undergoing major surgery, and may be useful in identifying patients vulnerable to postsurgical complications.