bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat Transfer Enhancement Analysis of Tube Receiver for Parabolic Trough Solar Collector With Central Corrugated Insert
Authors: Benabderrahmane Amina , Benazza Abdelylah , Hussein Ahmed Kadhim 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Tube receiver with central corrugated insert was introduced as the absorber tube of parabolic trough receiver to increase the overall heat transfer performance of the tube receiver for parabolic trough solar collector (PTC) system. The Monte Carlo ray tracing method (MCRT) coupled with finite volume method (FVM) was adopted to investigate flow characteristics and the heat transfer performance of tube receiver for parabolic trough solar collector system. The numerical results were successfully validated with the empirical correlations existing in the literature. The numerical results indicated that the introduction of the corrugated insert inside the absorber tube of the parabolic trough receiver can effectively enhance the heat transfer performance, where the average Nusselt number can be increased up to 3.7 times compared to the smooth absorber. While the overall heat transfer performance factor can be found to be in the range of 1.3–2.6. The results indicate that the heat transfer increases with increasing corrugated insert twist ratio and increases also with decreasing pitch between two corrugations.
Experimental and Numerical Investigations on the Heat Transfer of Film Cooling With Cylindrical Holes Fed With Internal Coolant Cross Flows
Authors: Ye Lin , Liu Cun-Liang , Zhou Dao-En , Zhu Hui-Ren 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The heat transfer coefficient of cylindrical holes fed by varying internal cross-flow channels with different cross-flow Reynolds numbers Rec is experimentally studied on a low-speed flat-plate facility. Three coolant cross flow cases, including a smooth case and two ribbed cases with 45/135-deg ribs, are studied at Rec = 50,000, and 100,000 with varying blowing ratios M of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0. A transient liquid-crystal (LC) measurement technique is used to determine the heat transfer coefficient. At lower M, the heat transfer enhancement regions are asymmetrical for the smooth and 45-deg cases. The asymmetrical vortex is more pronounced with increasing cross-flow direction velocity, resulting in a more skewed distribution at Rec = 100,000. Conversely, the contours are laterally symmetric in the 135-deg case at varying Rec. A fork-shaped trend with a relatively high heat transfer coefficient appears upstream, and the increases in the heat transfer in the 135-deg cases are lower than those in the 45-deg cases. As M increases to 2.0, the vortex intensity increases, resulting in a stronger scouring effect upstream, especially at large Rec. The range and degree are affected by Rec at M = 2.0. The core of the heat transfer enhancement is skewed to the −Y side for both cases.
Porosity Manipulation in Bottom-Enclosed Vertical Porous Structure to Improve Natural Convection Cooling Efficacy: A Computational Study
Authors: Dasgupta Subhashish , Gupta Abhishek 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Flow acceleration by imposing flow channelization structures like chimneys and/or solid barriers to improve natural convection cooling in pure fluids, is a well-known technique and a thoroughly investigated topic in thermal engineering. However, accelerating flow through porous media, by using such a passive technique, is challenging due to restriction imposed by the solid matrix to the erection of such structures. This study is a unique investigation into a passive method to accelerate flow in natural convection cooling through a bottom-enclosed porous medium with a vertical heated structure at the center, a configuration that is commonly encountered in industry. The porous domain is divided into distinct zones varying in porosity while retaining the average porosity of the original system, to ensure enough structural stability to the vertical heating element. Employing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses, the study shows that the method has the potential to significantly improve natural convection cooling by accelerating flow in tall porous structures while at the same time improves mechanical stability of such structures.
An Inverse Method to Predict NEMS Beam Properties From Natural Frequencies
Authors: Liem Alyssa T. , Ari Atakan B. , McDaniel J. Gregory , Ekinci Kamil L. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a method to simultaneously predict the elastic modulus, axial load, and boundary conditions of a nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS) beam from a minimum of two measured natural frequencies. The proposed method addresses the challenges of the inverse problem at the nano scale, which include high natural frequencies, small geometric beam dimensions, and measurements limited to natural frequencies. The method utilizes a finite element model of an Euler–Bernoulli beam under axial loading to predict the response of the beam with axial loading and flexible boundary conditions. By expressing the finite element model in terms of dimensionless beam parameters, the proposed method may be applied to nano scale beams while maintaining numerical stability of the finite element equation of motion. With the stabilized finite element model, the NEMS beam properties are predicted by iterating through values of dimensionless beam parameters until the normalized error between predicted and measured natural frequencies is minimized. A key feature of the proposed method is the simultaneous prediction of the elastic modulus during the iterative search, resulting in a reduction of the search space and significant computational savings. Additionally, the proposed method readily accommodates an arbitrary number of measured natural frequencies without the reformulation of procedures and analyses. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the proposed method’s ability to predict the elastic modulus, axial load, and boundary conditions. The proposed method is applied to experimental measurements of a NEMS beam, where the normalized error between predicted and measured natural frequencies is reduced below 10−3.
Bend Don’t Break: Stretching Improves Scores on a Battery of Fall Assessment Tools in Older Adults
Authors: Johnson Nathan F. , Hutchinson Chloe , Hargett Kaitlyn , Kosik Kyle , Gribble Phillip 
Published: February 2020

Context: Falls and loss of autonomy are often attributed in large part to musculoskeletal impairments in later adulthood. Age-related declines in flexibility contribute to late adulthood musculoskeletal impairment. The novel sitting-rising test has been proposed to be a quick, effective screening of musculoskeletal fitness, fall risk, and all-cause mortality in older adults. The timed up and go and 5 times sit-to-stand tests are two of the 3 most evidence-supported performance measures to assess fall risk. Objective: This study aimed to determine if 5 weeks of flexibility training could increase sitting-rising test, timed up and go, and 5 times sit-to-stand scores in community-dwelling older adults. Participants: Forty-seven adults aged 60 years and older (mean age = 66.7 y, SD = 4.1) participated in this study. Participants completed a static stretching protocol consisting of 3 weekly 1-hour stretching sessions. Results: The protocol improved flexibility as seen in sit-and-reach scores and improved scores on all outcome variables. Specifically, there was a significant increase in sitting-rising test scores from preintervention (M = 7.45, SD = 1.45) to postintervention (M = 8.04, SD = 1.36), t(42) = −5.21, P < .001. Timed up and go scores demonstrated a significant decrease from preintervention (M = 8.85, SD = 1.32) to postintervention (M = 8.20, SD = 1.35), t(46) = 5.10, P < .001. Five times sit-to-stand scores demonstrated a significant decrease from preintervention (M = 12.57, SD = 2.68) to postintervention (M = 10.46, SD = 2.06), t(46) = 6.62, P < .001. Finally, significant increases in sit-and-reach scores were associated with improved functional performance (r = −.308, P = .03). Conclusion: Findings suggest that flexibility training can be an effective mode of low-level exercise to improve functional outcomes. Static stretching may help to improve musculoskeletal health, promote autonomy, and decrease mortality in community-dwelling older adults.
Effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis RX7 and B2A supplementation on productive performance, egg quality, blood profiles, and excreta Salmonella counts in laying hens
Authors: Shi Huan , Zhang Wan Lin , Kim In Ho 
Published: February 2020

An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of Bacillus subtilis RX7 and B2A supplementation on egg production, egg quality, blood profile, and excreta Salmonella population in laying hens. A total of 192 Hy-Line Brown laying hens (40-wk-old) were randomly assigned into four dietary treatments, each of which was replicated eight times with six hens per replicate in a 5 wk trial. The dietary treatments were NC, which is a basal diet without antibiotics or Bacillus subtilis; PC, which is an NC + 0.5 g kg−1 antibiotic (virginiamycin) diet; BSR, which is an NC + 0.5 g kg−1 Bacillus subtilis RX7 (1.0 × 109 colony forming units g−1); and BSB, which is an NC + 0.5 g kg−1 Bacillus subtilis B2A (1.0 × 109 colony forming units g−1). The results showed that hens receiving BSB diets had increased (P < 0.05) eggshell thickness over hens fed the NC, PC, and BSR diets (week 3). The excreta Salmonella counts in the PC, BSR, and BSB groups were lower than the NC group (P < 0.05). These results indicate that dietary inclusion of Bacillus subtilis RX7 and B2A strains effectively decreased excreta Salmonella counts without any detrimental effects on the performance of laying hens.
Continuous phase transition and microstructure of charged AdS black hole with quintessence
Authors: Guo Xiong-Ying , Li Huai-Fan , Zhang Li-Chun , Zhao Ren 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPreviously, the Maxwell equal-area law has been used to discuss the conditions satisfied by the phase transition of charged AdS black holes with cloud of string and quintessence, and it was concluded that black holes have phase transition similar to that of vdW system. The phase transition depends on the electric potential of the black hole and is not the one between a large black hole and a small black hole. On the basis of this result, we study the relation between the latent heat of the phase transition and the parameter of dark energy, and use the Landau continuous phase transition theory to discuss the critical phenomenon of the black hole with quintessence and give the critical exponent. By introducing the number density of the black hole molecules, some properties of the microstructure of black holes are studied in terms of a phase transition. It is found that the electric charge of the black hole and the normalization parameter related to the density of quintessence field play a key role in the phase transition. By constructing the binary fluid model of the black hole molecules, we also discuss the microstructure of charged AdS black holes with a cloud of strings and quintessence.
Light quark masses in $${N_\mathrm{f}=2+1}$$ lattice QCD with Wilson fermions
Authors: Bruno M. , Campos I. , Fritzsch P. , Koponen J. , Pena C. , Preti D. , Ramos A. , Vladikas A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe present a lattice QCD determination of light quark masses with three sea-quark flavours ($$N_\mathrm{f}=2+1$$Nf=2+1). Bare quark masses are known from PCAC relations in the framework of CLS lattice computations with a non-perturbatively improved Wilson-Clover action and a tree-level Symanzik improved gauge action. They are fully non-perturbatively improved, including the recently computed Symanzik counter-term $$b_{\mathrm{A}} - b_{\mathrm{P}}$$bA-bP. The mass renormalisation at hadronic scales and the renormalisation group running over a wide range of scales are known non-perturbatively in the Schrödinger functional scheme. In the present paper we perform detailed extrapolations to the physical point, obtaining (for the four-flavour theory) $$m_{\mathrm{u}/\mathrm{d}}(2~\mathrm{GeV})= 3.54(12)(9)~\mathrm{MeV}$$mu/d(2GeV)=3.54(12)(9)MeV and $$m_{\mathrm{s}}(2~\mathrm{GeV}) = 95.7(2.5)(2.4)~\mathrm{MeV}$$ms(2GeV)=95.7(2.5)(2.4)MeV in the $$\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$$MS¯ scheme. For the mass ratio we have $$m_{\mathrm{s}}/m_{\mathrm{u}/\mathrm{d}}= 27.0(1.0)(0.4)$$ms/mu/d=27.0(1.0)(0.4). The RGI values in the three-flavour theory are $$M_{\mathrm{u}/\mathrm{d}}= 4.70(15)(12)~\mathrm{MeV}$$Mu/d=4.70(15)(12)MeV and $$M_{\mathrm{s}}= 127.0(3.1)(3.2)~\mathrm{MeV}$$Ms=127.0(3.1)(3.2)MeV.
Equilibrium stellar configurations in Rastall theory and astrophysical implications
Authors: Hansraj Sudan , Banerjee Ayan 
Published: February 2020

Rastall theory propounded some five decades ago belongs to a class of modified theories of gravity. Such theories are motivated by the need to modify general relativity suitably in order to address some problems not explained by the standard theory. Amongst such issues are the observed accelerated expansion of the universe, motion in extremely high gravity regimes and explanations for the discrepancy in the value of the cosmological constant between quantum gravity and experimentation. Recently, it has been claimed that the Rastall theory is trivially equivalent to the standard Einstein theory. We investigate this claim in the context of stellar structure and elementary requirements for physical plausibility. We consider the analogue of the Saslaw et al. [Astrophys. J. 471, 571 (1996)] isothermal model of general relativity and show that the Rastall version satisfies the basic requirements unlike its counterpart. Then, we examine in turn the consequences of suppressing one of the inverse square law fall off of the energy density or the linear equation of state. Imposing a linear barotropic equation of state, we find a generalized de Sitter spacetime as an exact solution of the Rastall equations. In addition, the case of a constant spatial gravitational potential is studied. In each case, we note that the physics of the Rastall model differs from that of the Einstein version.
On the quantum improved Schwarzschild black hole
Authors: Moti R. , Shojai A. 
Published: February 2020

Deriving the gravitational effective action directly from exact renormalization group is very complicated, if not impossible. Hence, to study the effects of running gravitational coupling which tends to a non-Gaussian UV fixed point (as it is supposed by the asymptotic safety conjecture), two steps are usually adopted. Cutoff identification and improvement of the gravitational coupling to the running one. As suggested in Ref. 1, a function of all independent curvature invariants seems to be the best choice for cutoff identification of gravitational quantum fluctuations in curved space–time and makes the action improvement, which saves the general covariance of theory, possible. Here, we choose Ricci tensor square for this purpose and then the equation of motion of improved gravitational action and its spherically symmetric vacuum solution are obtained. Indeed, its effect on the massive particles’ trajectory and the black hole thermodynamics is studied.
Machine Learning Framework to Identify Individuals at Risk of Rapid Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis: From the PARADIGM Registry
Authors: Han Donghee , Kolli Kranthi K. , Al'Aref Subhi J. , Baskaran Lohendran , van Rosendael Alexander R. , Gransar Heidi , Andreini Daniele , Budoff Matthew J. , Cademartiri Filippo , Chinnaiyan Kavitha , Choi Jung Hyun , Conte Edoardo , Marques Hugo , de Araújo Gonçalves Pedro , Gottlieb Ilan , Hadamitzky Martin , Leipsic Jonathon A. , Maffei Erica , Pontone Gianluca , Raff Gilbert L. , Shin Sangshoon , Kim Yong‐Jin , Lee Byoung Kwon , Chun Eun Ju , Sung Ji Min , Lee Sang‐Eun , Virmani Renu , Samady Habib , Stone Peter , Narula Jagat , Berman Daniel S. , Bax Jeroen J. , Shaw Leslee J. , Lin Fay Y. , Min James K. , Chang Hyuk‐Jae 
Published: February 2020

Background
Rapid coronary plaque progression (RPP) is associated with incident cardiovascular events. To date, no method exists for the identification of individuals at risk of RPP at a single point in time. This study integrated coronary computed tomography angiography–determined qualitative and quantitative plaque features within a machine learning (ML) framework to determine its performance for predicting RPP.

Methods and Results

Qualitative and quantitative coronary computed tomography angiography plaque characterization was performed in 1083 patients who underwent serial coronary computed tomography angiography from the PARADIGM (Progression of Atherosclerotic Plaque Determined by Computed Tomographic Angiography Imaging) registry. RPP was defined as an annual progression of percentage atheroma volume ≥1.0%. We employed the following ML models: model 1, clinical variables; model 2, model 1 plus qualitative plaque features; model 3, model 2 plus quantitative plaque features. ML models were compared with the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk score, Duke coronary artery disease score, and a logistic regression statistical model. 224 patients (21%) were identified as RPP. Feature selection in ML identifies that quantitative computed tomography variables were higher‐ranking features, followed by qualitative computed tomography variables and clinical/laboratory variables. ML model 3 exhibited the highest discriminatory performance to identify individuals who would experience RPP when compared with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk score, the other ML models, and the statistical model (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve in ML model 3, 0.83 [95% CI 0.78–0.89], versus atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk score, 0.60 [0.52–0.67]; Duke coronary artery disease score, 0.74 [0.68–0.79]; ML model 1, 0.62 [0.55–0.69]; ML model 2, 0.73 [0.67–0.80]; all
P
<0.001; statistical model, 0.81 [0.75–0.87],
P
=0.128).

Conclusions
Based on a ML framework, quantitative atherosclerosis characterization has been shown to be the most important feature when compared with clinical, laboratory, and qualitative measures in identifying patients at risk of RPP.
Grain Crisis at Prusa
Authors: Oppeneer Thierry V. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This contribution examines an assembly speech that was pronounced by Dio of Prusa in the context of a grain crisis (Or. 46) in order to provide new insights into the politics of the Greek polis under Rome. Whereas inscriptions highlight the eagerness and zeal displayed by elite citizens in helping out their fatherlands, this speech points to the existence of tensions and conflict in the resolution of food crises. The oration’s rhetorical strategies oscillate between the expectations of a popular audience and an elite politician’s desire to shape and control those expectations. A rhetorical analysis of these strategies indicates that Prusan politics was grounded in a civic discourse that provided the people with the ideological means to assert real influence in the local political process. The 46th oration thus attests to the persistence of a democratic tradition of popular political participation in a time when elites had become increasingly powerful.
Fit for a Dog? Food Sharing and the Medieval Human/Animal Divide
Authors: Langdon Alison 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Medieval unease with human animality manifests itself strongly in attitudes toward and proscriptions concerning food sharing. This is particularly true with dogs, the nonhuman animals with whom humans most intimately share both the procurement and consumption of food, and who are routinely figured as embodying many of the best and worst characteristics associated with humans. Through a range of late medieval texts, this paper will probe the precarious boundary between human and nonhuman animals in the medieval imagination by considering the portrait of Chaucer’s Prioress and her lapdogs in The Canterbury Tales; depictions of dogs in the hunt in medieval romance; and the strange tale of Sir Gowther, whose penance is to eat only what he receives from the mouth of a dog. Rather than supporting claims for an essential difference between human and nonhuman animal, such examples further emphasize the fluidity of the two categories.
Finite verb forms in Beja (Cushitic): Labels vs functions, a historical perspective
Authors: Vanhove Martine 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The historical overview of the indicative finite verb forms of Beja (Cushitic) shows that several reasons may have induced the choice of labels by the linguists who worked on it since the second half of the 19th century. Linguists of Beja can be divided into two groups: descriptivists and comparatists. The former mostly adapted existing terminologies from various linguistic traditions, rarely explicitly, the latter mostly recycled them. Apart from this partition, several factors behind the choice of a label can be inferred, or are sometimes given by the authors. Beyond the lack of in-depth functional and semantic analysis of the verb forms until very recently, there is a clear-cut distinction between temporal and aspectual labels which correlates with the historical development of aspectual theories, and also with the linguistic traditions for Greek, Indo-European and Semitic. But labels are also linked to “national” traditions, in the sense of language areas (corresponding either to the native language of the authors, or to the language in which the grammars were written), namely German, English and French. Grammars written in German are the oldest ones, and their labels conform to the classical philological tradition of their time, even if at times in contradictory ways. In the most recent publication by German-speaking linguists, an aspectual stance is adopted by the authors, but they hesitate between temporal and aspectual labels, a mixture which is also found, to different extent in one French and one Swedish linguists. Descriptions of the three finite verb form by British scholars, and the Swedish typologist Östen Dahl, show competing motivations: the British terminology, the philological tradition, but also the first steps towards a more detailed analysis of the functions of the paradigms based on a theory of aspect. The French linguists on the other hand belong to the most recent layer of specialists of Beja and they were both trained in Semitic languages (for which aspectual analyses predominate) and for aspectual analysis. Nevertheless both of them took up existing labels for one of the forms (the iː-form) from British linguists, from Roper for Morin (“conditional”) and from Appleyard for Vanhove (“aorist”).
La notion linguistique d’agglutination. Son histoire et l’analyse des verbes dans les langues Boro-Garo
Authors: Jacquesson François 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We first examine the concept of agglutination, as it developed in modern linguistics, and tentatively explore its basic tenets. With this purpose, we (1) start from the way Abel Hovelacque first used the word in French, (2) farther in the past find the concept in Schlegel’s writings, then follow it down to Schleicher, (3) describe how the term is now used in Analytic Linguistics, with examples from authors who described the Boro-Garo languages (Tibeto-Burmese, North-East India). We conclude (4) with ideas about the various shades of the concept as far as history is concerned, and linguistic history in particular.