bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT-Guided Palliative Radiotherapy Provides Durable Responses to Over a Dozen Sites of Disease in Relapsed Myeloid Sarcoma
Authors: Shuttleworth Charles , Wegner Eva A. , Thompson Stephen R. , Kidson-Gerber Giselle 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare entity, and FDG PET/CT is a useful tool for staging at diagnosis and response assessment. We present a case of a 72-year-old woman diagnosed with multifocal extramedullary MS, using FDG PET/CT to guide palliative radiotherapy to 13 sites of disease over 2 separate relapses with complete and durable local responses and minimal toxicity. This case represents the largest reported burden of disease in MS successfully treated with FDG PET/CT-guided radiotherapy.
Isolated Metastasis to Spleen-Stomach Space From Follicular Thyroid Cancer Combined With a Benign Subcutaneous Nodule on 18F-FDG PET/CT and 131I Scintigraphy
Authors: Guo Xiuyu , He Hua , Gao Qiaolin , Jin Yinhua 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A 40-year-old woman with follicular thyroid cancer underwent a systemic PET/CT evaluation before operation and then received total thyroidectomy and radioactive 131I ablation therapy. Posttreatment imaging of 131I whole-body scan with SPECT/CT showed that metastasis on the spleen-stomach space coexists with mimicking subcutaneous metastasis, considering their level of 131I accumulation and morphological changes on PET/CT. However, histopathology confirmed the subcutaneous lesion of fibrous hyperplasia by fine-needle aspiration. This case demonstrates a vital role of SPECT/CT in the diagnosis of metastatic thyroid cancer and mimicking metastasis.
Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumor With Inferior Vena Cava Tumor Thrombosis Diagnosed With 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT
Authors: Morón Sarai , Cortés Carlos , Naranjo Monica , Granados Carlos , Rojas Julián 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A 69-year-old man with a history of back pain, urinary obstruction, and deep vein thrombosis of both lower extremities 4 years earlier was diagnosed with rectal neuroendocrine tumor, grade 2, Ki-67 index 3%. 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT images showed a left pelvic mass extended to the lumen of the inferior vena cava with a high affinity for somatostatin receptor. A tubular focus of radiotracer accumulation after the course of inferior vena cava with filling defect was suggestive of tumor thrombus.
Metabolic Imaging Patterns on 18F-FDG PET in Acute and Subacute LGI1 Autoimmune Limbic Encephalitis
Authors: Seniaray Nikhil , Verma Ritu , Ranjan Rajeev , Belho Ethel , Mahajan Harsh 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Autoimmune encephalitis is a diverse group of neuropsychiatric disorders, which are difficult to diagnose clinically. The disorder presents acutely or subacutely with alteration of consciousness, cognitive decline, seizures, and abnormal movements. Autoantibodies are directed against intracellular antigens or extracellular domains of cell surface proteins, critical for neuronal excitability. 18F-FDG PET/CT has been used to diagnose the metabolic derangement in the brain due to various antibodies. Here we describe a case where acute and subacute phase of disease was visualized on serial 18F-FDG PET/CT.
FDG PET/CT Findings in a Patient With Ovarian Metastasis of Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Jiang Yuanyuan , Hou Guozhu , Cheng Xin , Zhu Zhaohui , Cheng Wuying 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Pheochromocytoma metastasizing to the ovary is extremely rare. We report the case of a 59-year-old woman who underwent right adrenal pheochromocytoma resection 14 years ago and remained asymptomatic until recently when she complained of palpitation, perspiration, and hypertension. 18F-FDG PET/CT revealed a left adnexal mass with increased activity, which was later surgically removed and pathologically confirmed as ovarian metastasis of pheochromocytoma.
Avid 68Ga-PSMA Uptake in Periappendicular Abscess
Authors: Christensen Mads Tranberg , Klingenberg Søren , Gormsen Lars Christian , Jochumsen Mads Ryø , Bouchelouche Kirsten 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

68Ga–prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT for primary staging of high-risk prostate cancer revealed increased 68Ga-PSMA uptake in a known periappendicular abscess in a patient, who had undergone surgical drainage of the abscess 1 month earlier. The case presents another example of 68Ga-PSMA uptake in a benign infectious and inflammatory condition.
High 18F-FDOPA PET Uptake in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma
Authors: Salgues Betty , Kaphan Elsa , Molines Elicia , Brun Gilles , Guedj Eric 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We present a 42-year-old woman with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) and strong 18F-FDOPA PET uptake. 18F-FDOPA PET has high diagnostic accuracy in gliomas and brain metastases. The l-type amino acid transporter 1, targeted by 18F-FDOPA and 11C-MET PET, is a cell-type transporter usually upregulated in malignant tumors, including PCNSL. In this line, strong uptake was already shown with 11C-MET in PCNSL. We report the same findings with 18F-FDOPA. Consequently, PCNSL is a possible differential neoplastic diagnosis of 18F-FDOPA uptake among neoplastic lesions.
Pembrolizumab-Induced Thyroiditis and Colitis—Presentation and Resolution on Serial FDG PET/CT
Authors: Nawwar Ayah Adel , Searle Julie , Lyburn Iain Douglas 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A 58-year-old man with previous melanoma of the left leg underwent whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT to stage metastatic disease prior to commencing pembrolizumab. Follow-up FDG PET/CT after 3 months of treatment showed partial metabolic response of soft tissue and nodal metastases and diffuse increased thyroid and colonic uptake, suggestive of thyroiditis and colitis. Pembrolizumab was ceased, and a repeat FDG PET/CT scan showed regression of uptake in the thyroid gland and colon, in keeping with resolution of inflammatory change. Immune-related adverse events induced by Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as pembrolizumab, should be recognized—cessation of treatment often leads to resolution.
Asymptomatic COVID-19 Infection Detected on 18F-FDG PET/CT Scan Done for Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Pillenahalli Maheshwarappa Ravishankar , Graham Michael Moore 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A 69-year-old woman with multiple myeloma came to our department for 18F-FDG PET/CT scan for routine surveillance. The patient denied any history of fever, cough, shortness of breath, or body aches. 18F-FDG PET/CT scan from vertex to knees was performed. PET/CT images revealed extensive peripheral ground-glass opacities showing intense FDG uptake (SUVmax 12) involving bilateral lower lobes. Possibility of an infective etiology including novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection was raised. The patient’s oropharyngeal swab for COVID-19 by polymerase chain reaction amplification test came back positive for COVID-19 infection. The patient and her husband were advised home quarantine for 14 days.
Unilateral Vision Loss Due to Isolated Onodi Cell Mucocele
Authors: Gozgec Elif , Ogul Hayri 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Onodi cell mucocele is a rare, benign, cystic, destructive and expansive lesion. While the sphenoid sinus mucocele is 1% to 2%, onodi cell mucocele is very rare. Because of its direct mass compression effect, its proximity to the orbital apex may cause many symptoms such as loss of vision, eye movements, and exophthalmus. Imaging methods have an important priority in diagnosis. It also plays a crucial role in planning treatment quickly and guiding the surgeon. Surgical excision is performed in the treatment, usually with an endonasal approach.
Hearing the voices of Australian healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ananda-Rajah MR , Veness BG , Berkovic D , Parker C , Kelly G , Ayton D 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe statistics of healthcare worker (HCW) COVID-19 infections do not convey the lived experience of HCWs during the pandemic. This study explores the working conditions and issues faced by Australian HCWs.MethodsQualitative analysis of free-text responses from Australian HCWs from 3 August to 5 August 2020 from an open letter calling for better respiratory protection for HCWs, transparent reporting of HCW COVID-19 infections and diversity in national infection control policy development. The open letter was sent to an email list of 23,000 HCWs from a previous campaign and promoted on social media.ResultsAmong 2,733 HCWs who signed the open letter during the study period, 407 free-text responses were analysed. Doctors and nurses accounted for 58% and 35% of respondents, respectively. Most respondents came from Victoria (48%); New South Wales (18%); Queensland (12%) or Western Australia (12%). Dominant themes included concerns about: work health and safety standards; guidelines on respiratory protection including the omission of fit-testing of P2/N95 respirators; deficiencies in the availability, quality, appropriateness and training of personal protective equipment; a top-down workplace culture that enabled bullying in response to concerns about safety that culminated a loss of trust in leadership, self-reported COVID-19 infections in some respondents and moral injury.ConclusionOccupational moral injury in HCWs is the consequence of lapses in leadership at policy-making and organisational levels that have violated the normative expectations of HCWs. The challenge for healthcare leaders is to address workplace culture, consultation and engagement with HCWs in order to prevent this hidden pandemic from spreading throughout the health system.
High admission blood glucose is an independent risk factor of poor prognosis in COVID-19: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis
Authors: Lazarus Gilbert , Audrey Jessica , Wangsaputra Vincent Kharisma , Tamara Alice , Tahapary Dicky L. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTAimsTo investigate the prognostic value of admission blood glucose (BG) in predicting COVID-19 outcomes, including poor composite outcomes (mortality/severity), mortality, and severity.Materials and methodsEligible studies evaluating the prognostic value of fasting BG (FBG) and random BG (RBG) levels in predicting COVID-19 outcomes were included and assessed for risk of bias with the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool. Random-effects high-vs-low meta-analysis followed by dose-response analysis using generalized least squares model in a two-stage random-effects meta-analysis were conducted. Potential non-linear association was explored using restricted cubic splines and pooled using restricted maximum likelihood model in a multivariate meta-analysis.ResultsThe search yielded 35 studies involving a total of 14,502 patients. We discovered independent association between admission FBG and poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, we demonstrated non-linear relationship between admission FBG and severity (Pnon-linearity<0.001), where each 1 mmol/L increase augmented the risk of COVID-19 severity by 33% (risk ratio 1.33 [95% CI: 1.26-1.40]). Albeit exhibiting similar trends, study scarcity limited the strength of evidence on the independent prognostic value of admission RBG. GRADE assessment yielded high-quality evidence for the association between admission FBG and COVID-19 severity, and moderate-quality evidence for its association with mortality and poor outcomes, while the other assessments yielded very low-to-low quality.ConclusionHigh level of FBG at admission was independently associated with poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Further researches to confirm the observed prognostic value of admission RBG and to ascertain the estimated dose-response risk between admission FBG and on COVID-19 severity are required.
Disease association with frequented regions of genotype graphs
Authors: Hokin Samuel , Cleary Alan , Mudge Joann 
Published: September 2020

AbstractComplex diseases, with many associated genetic and environmental factors, are a challenging target for genomic risk assessment. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) associate disease status with, and compute risk from, individual common variants, which can be problematic for diseases with many interacting or rare variants. In addition, GWAS typically employ a reference genome which is not built from the subjects of the study, whose genetic background may differ from the reference and whose genetic characterization may be limited. We present a complementary method based on disease association with collections of genotypes, called frequented regions, on a pangenomic graph built from subjects’ genomes. We introduce the pangenomic genotype graph, which is better suited than sequence graphs to human disease studies. Our method draws out collections of features, across multiple genomic segments, which are associated with disease status. We show that the frequented regions method consistently improves machine-learning classification of disease status over GWAS classification, allowing incorporation of rare or interacting variants. Notably, genomic segments that have few or no variants of genome-wide signif-icance (p < 5 × 10−8) provide much-improved classification with frequented regions, encouraging their application across the entire genome. Frequented regions may also be utilized for purposes such as choice of treatment in addition to prediction of disease risk.
Antihypertensive Medications and COVID-19 Diagnosis and Mortality: Population-based Case-Control Analysis in the United Kingdom
Authors: Rezel-Potts Emma , Douiri Abdel , Chowienczyk Phil J. , Gulliford Martin C. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo evaluate antihypertensive medications and COVID-19 diagnosis and mortality, accounting for healthcare seeking behaviour.DesignA population-based case control study with additional cohort analysis.SettingPrimary care patients from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD).Participants16 866 patients with COVID-19 events in the CPRD from 29th January to June 25th 2020 and 70 137 matched controls.Main outcome measuresWe explored associations between COVID-19 diagnosis and prescriptions for angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), beta-blockers (B), calcium-channel blockers (C), thiazide diuretics (D) and other antihypertensive drugs (O). We evaluated all-cause mortality among COVID-19 cases. Analyses were adjusted for covariates and consultation frequency.ResultsIn covariate adjusted analyses, ACEIs were associated with lower odds of COVID-19 diagnosis (0.82, 95% confidence interval 0.77 to 0.88) as were ARBs, 0.87 (0.80 to 0.95) with little attenuation from adjustment for consultation frequency. In fully adjusted analyses, C and D were also associated with lower odds of COVID-19. Increased odds of COVID-19 for B (1.19, 1.12 to 1.26), were attenuated after adjustment for consultation frequency (1.01, 0.95 to 1.08). In adjusted analyses, patients treated with ACEIs or ARBs had similar mortality to patients treated with classes B, C, D or O (1.00, 0.83 to 1.20) or patients receiving no antihypertensive therapy (0.99, 0.83 to 1.18).ConclusionsAssociations were sensitive to adjustment for confounding and healthcare seeking, but there was no evidence that antihypertensive therapy is associated with increased risk of COVID-19 diagnosis or mortality; most classes of antihypertensive therapy showed negative associations with COVID-19 diagnosis.
High-throughput whole-brain mapping of rhesus monkey at micron resolution
Authors: Xu Fang , Shen Yan , Ding Lufeng , Yang Chao-Yu , Tan Heng , Wang Hao , Zhu Qingyuan , Xu Rui , Wu Fengyi , Xu Cheng , Li Qianwei , Su Peng , Zhang Li I. , Dong Hongwei , Desimone Robert , Xu Fuqiang , Hu Xintian , Lau Pak-Ming , Bi Guo-Qiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhole-brain mesoscale mapping of primates has been hindered by large brain size and the relatively low throughput of available microscopy methods. Here, we present an integrative approach that combines primate-optimized tissue sectioning and clearing with ultrahigh-speed, large-scale, volumetric fluorescence microscopy, capable of completing whole-brain imaging of a rhesus monkey at 1 µm × 1 µm × 2.5 µm voxel resolution within 100 hours. A progressive strategy is developed for high-efficiency, long-range tracing of individual axonal fibers through the dataset of hundreds of terabytes, establishing a “Serial sectioning and clearing, 3-dimensional Microscopy, with semi-Automated Reconstruction and Tracing” (SMART) pipeline. This system supports effective connectome-scale mapping of large primates that reveals distinct features of thalamocortical projections of the rhesus monkey brain at the level of individual axonal fibers.
Adaptation to recent outcomes attenuates the lasting effect of initial experience on risky decisions
Authors: Kóbor Andrea , Kardos Zsófia , Takács Ádám , Éltető Noémi , Janacsek Karolina , Tóth-Fáber Eszter , Csépe Valéria , Nemeth Dezso 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBoth primarily and recently encountered information have been shown to influence experience-based risky decision making. The primacy effect predicts that initial experience will influence later choices even if outcome probabilities change and reward is ultimately more or less sparse than primarily experienced. However, it has not been investigated whether extended initial experience would induce a more profound primacy effect upon risky choices than brief experience. Therefore, the present study tested in two experiments whether young adults adjusted their risk-taking behavior in the Balloon Analogue Risk task after an unsignaled and unexpected change point. The change point separated early “good luck” or “bad luck” trials from subsequent ones. While mostly positive (more reward) or mostly negative (no reward) events characterized the early trials, subsequent trials were unbiased. In Experiment 1, the change point occurred after one-sixth or one-third of the trials (brief vs. extended experience) without intermittence, whereas in Experiment 2, it occurred between separate task phases. In Experiment 1, if negative events characterized the early trials, after the change point, risk-taking behavior increased as compared with the early trials. Conversely, if positive events characterized the early trials, risk-taking behavior decreased after the change point. Although the adjustment of risk-taking behavior occurred due to integrating recent experiences, the impact of initial experience was simultaneously observed. The length of initial experience did not reliably influence the adjustment of behavior. In Experiment 2, participants became more prone to take risks as the task progressed, indicating that the impact of initial experience could be overcome. Altogether, we suggest that initial beliefs about outcome probabilities can be updated by recent experiences to adapt to the continuously changing decision environment.
Genomics of an avian neo-sex chromosome reveals the evolutionary dynamics of recombination suppression and sex-linked genes
Authors: Sigeman Hanna , Strandh Maria , Proux-Wéra Estelle , Kutschera Verena E. , Ponnikas Suvi , Zhang Hongkai , Lundberg Max , Soler Lucile , Bunikis Ignas , Tarka Maja , Hasselquist Dennis , Nystedt Björn , Westerdahl Helena , Hansson Bengt 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTHow the avian sex chromosomes first evolved from autosomes remains elusive as 100 million years (Myr) of divergence and degeneration obscure their evolutionary history. Sylvioidea songbirds is an emerging model for understanding avian sex chromosome evolution because a unique chromosome fusion event ∼24 Myr ago has formed enlarged “neo-sex chromosomes” consisting of an added (new) and an ancestral (old) part. Here, we report the female genome (ZW) of one Sylvioidea species, the great reed warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus). We confirm that the added region has been translocated to both Z and W, and show that the added-W part has been heavily reorganised within itself and with the ancestral-W. Next, we show that recombination between Z and W continued after the fusion event, and that recombination suppression took ∼10 Myr to be completed and arose locally and non-linearly along the sex chromosomes. This pattern is inconsistent with that of large inversions and instead suggests gradual and mosaic recombination suppression. We find that the added-W mirrors the ancestral-W in terms of repeat accumulation, loss of genetic variation, and gene degeneration. Lastly, we show that genes being maintained on W are slowly evolving and dosage sensitive, and that highly conserved genes across broad taxonomic groups, regardless of sex-linkage, evolve slower on both Z and W. This study reveals complex expansion of recombination suppression along avian sex chromosomes, and that the evolutionary trajectory of sex-linked genes is highly predictable and governed partly by sex-linkageper se, partly by their functional properties.
Characterization of a clinicalEnterobacter hormaecheistrain belonging to epidemic clone ST418 co-carryingblaNDM-1,blaIMP-4and mcr-9.1
Authors: Chen Wei , Hu Zhiliang , Wang Shiwei , Huang Doudou , Wang Weixiao , Cao Xiaoli , Zhou Kai 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAnEnterobacter hormaecheiisolate (ECL-90) simultaneously harboringblaNDM-1,blaIMP-4andmcr-9.1was recovered from the secretion specimen of a 24-year-old male patient in a tertiary hospital in China. The whole genome sequencing of this isolate was complete, and 4 circular plasmids with variable sizes were detected. MLST analysis assigned the isolate to ST418, known as a carbapenemase-producing epidemic clone in China.blaIMP-4andmcr-9.1genes were co-carried on an IncHI2/2A plasmid (pECL-90-2) andblaNDM-1was harbored by an IncX3 plasmid (pECL-90-3). The genetic context ofmcr-9.1was identified as a prevalent structure, “rcnR-rcnA-pcoE-pcoS-IS903-mcr-9-wbuC”, which is a relatively unitary model involved in the mobilization ofmcr-9. Meanwhile,blaNDM-1gene was detected within a globally widespread structure known as NDM-GE-U.S (“ISAba125–blaNDM-1–blaMBL”). Our study warrants that the convergence of genes mediating resistance to last-resort antibiotics in epidemic clones would largely facilitate their widespread in clinical settings, thus representing a potential challenge to clinical treatment and public health.ImportanceCarbapenemase-producingEnterobacteriaceae(CPE) spread at a high rate and colistin is the last-resort therapeutic for the infection caused by CPE. However, the emergence of plasmid-bornemcrgenes highly facilitates the wide dissemination of colistin resistance, thus largely threatens the clinical use of colistin. Here, we for the first time characterized a clinicalEnterobacter hormaecheistrain co-producingblaNDM-1,blaIMP-4andmcr-9.1 belonging to an epidemic clone (ST418). The accumulation of genes mediating resistance to last-resort antibiotics in epidemic clones would largely facilitate their widespread in clinical settings, which may cause disastrous consequence with respect to antimicrobial resistance. Understanding how resistance genes were accumulated in a single strain could help us to track the evolutionary trajectory of drug resistance. Our finding highlights the importance of surveillance on the epidemic potential of colistin-resistant CPE, and effective infection control measures to prevent the resistance dissemination.