bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteogenesis imperfecta—pathophysiology and therapeutic options
Authors: Etich Julia , Leßmeier Lennart , Rehberg Mirko , Sill Helge , Zaucke Frank , Netzer Christian , Semler Oliver 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOsteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare congenital disease with a wide spectrum of severity characterized by skeletal deformity and increased bone fragility as well as additional, variable extraskeletal symptoms. Here, we present an overview of the genetic heterogeneity and pathophysiological background of OI as well as OI-related bone fragility disorders and highlight current therapeutic options.The most common form of OI is caused by mutations in the two collagen type I genes. Stop mutations usually lead to reduced collagen amount resulting in a mild phenotype, while missense mutations mainly provoke structural alterations in the collagen protein and entail a more severe phenotype. Numerous other causal genes have been identified during the last decade that are involved in collagen biosynthesis, modification and secretion, the differentiation and function of osteoblasts, and the maintenance of bone homeostasis.Management of patients with OI involves medical treatment by bisphosphonates as the most promising therapy to inhibit bone resorption and thereby facilitate bone formation. Surgical treatment ensures pain reduction and healing without an increase of deformities. Timely remobilization and regular strengthening of the muscles by physiotherapy are crucial to improve mobility, prevent muscle wasting and avoid bone resorption caused by immobilization. Identification of the pathomechanism for SERPINF1 mutations led to the development of a tailored mechanism-based therapy using denosumab, and unraveling further pathomechanisms will likely open new avenues for innovative treatment approaches.
A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial of a cross-systems service delivery model to improve identification and care for HIV, STIs and substance use among justice-involved young adults
Authors: Elkington Katherine S. , O’Grady Megan A. , Tross Susan , Wilson Patrick , Watkins Jillian , Lebron Lenore , Cohall Renee , Cohall Alwyn 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundJustice-involved young adults (JIYA) aged 18–24 are at significant risk for HIV and problematic substance use (SU) but are unlikely to know their HIV status or be linked to HIV or SU treatment and care. Intensive efforts to increase screening and improve linkage to HIV and SU services for JIYA are needed that address youth as well as justice and health/behavioral health system-level barriers.MethodsMoveUp is a four-session intervention that integrates evidence-based protocols to promote HIV and STI testing, HIV and SU behavioral risk reduction and engagement in treatment for JIYA. MoveUp is delivered onsite at an alternative sentencing program (ASP) by HIV testing outreach workers from a youth-focused medical and HIV treatment program.N = 450 youth are randomized following baseline assessment into two groups: MoveUp or standard of care. Youth are followed for 12 months following the intervention; unprotected sexual behavior, substance use, HIV and STI testing as well as treatment linkage will be assessed at 3, 6, 9 and 12-months.DiscussionThis study is one of the first to systematically test an integrated screen/testing, prevention intervention and linkage-to-care services program (MoveUp), using evidence-based approaches to address the overlapping HIV/STI and substance use epidemics in JIYA by providing on-site services to identify HIV/STI and SU risk and treatment need within justice-settings as well as linkage to services in the community. This approach, capitalizing on health and justice partnerships, represents an innovation that can capitalize on missed opportunities for engaging JIYA in health care.
Adipocyte-conditioned medium induces resistance of breast cancer cells to lapatinib
Authors: Geneste A. , Duong M. N. , Molina L. , Conilh L. , Beaumel S. , Cleret A. , Chettab K. , Lachat M. , Jordheim L. P. , Matera E. L. , Dumontet C. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The existence of a cross-talk between peritumoral adipocytes and cancer cells has been increasingly investigated. Several studies have shown that these adipocytes protect tumor cells from the effect of anticancer agents.

Methods
To investigate a potential protective effect of adipocyte-conditioned medium on HER2 positive breast cancer cells exposed to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) such as lapatinib, we analyzed the sensitivity of HER2 positive breast cancer models in vitro and in vivo on SCID mice in the presence or absence of adipocytes or adipocyte-conditioned medium.

Results
Conditioned medium from differentiated adipocytes reduced the in vitro sensitivity of the HER2+ cell lines BT474 and SKBR3 to TKI. Particularly, conditioned medium abrogated P27 induction in tumor cells by lapatinib but this was observed only when conditioned medium was present during exposure to lapatinib. In addition, resistance was induced with adipocytes derived from murine NIH3T3 or human hMAD cells but not with fibroblasts or preadipocytes. In vivo studies demonstrated that the contact of the tumors with adipose tissue reduced sensitivity to lapatinib. Soluble factors involved in this resistance were found to be thermolabile. Pharmacological modulation of lipolysis in adipocytes during preparation of conditioned media showed that various lipolysis inhibitors abolished the protective effect of conditioned media on tumor cells, suggesting a role for adipocyte lipolysis in the induction of resistance of tumor cells to TKI.

Conclusions
Overall, our results suggest that contact of tumor cells with proximal adipose tissue induces resistance to anti HER2 small molecule inhibitors through the production of soluble thermolabile factors, and that this effect can be abrogated using lipolysis inhibitors.
Regional climate modeling for Asia
Authors: Lee Dong-Kyou , Cha Dong-Hyun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe regional climate model (RCM) with higher resolution and sophisticated physical processes can reproduce and project fine-scale climate information, which cannot be captured by the global climate model (GCM). Therefore, we developed the Seoul National University Regional Climate Model (SNURCM) in the 1990s to simulate the intrinsic and detailed climate prevailing in Asia. In this study, we reviewed the developmental processes of the SNURCM and its application researches. In the simulation of regional climate over Asia, systematic errors can be generated because of natural characteristics such as complex land-surface conditions and topography, warm ocean conditions, and strong seasonal monsoon circulation and convection. Numerous methods and techniques have been applied to reduce these errors and improve the SNURCM. For long-term simulations without climate drift, the spectral nudging technique as well as the traditional relaxation method was employed for the boundary conditions. To represent reasonable interactions between earth systems, a simple ocean model and an advanced land-surface model were implemented into the SNURCM. Physical schemes for precipitation and vertical diffusion developed for short-term numerical weather prediction models were optimized or improved for long-term simulation. The SNURCM has been applied to future climate projection, reproduction of extreme climate, and seasonal forecasting. Furthermore, the model has served as a part of the multi-model comparison program and an ensemble of international research programs.
Effects of calcitriol on oxidative burst, phagocytic function, and leukocyte cytokine production in shelter dogs
Authors: Jaffey Jared A. , Bessette Mariah , Tao Zenan , Bradley-Siemens Nancy , Thompson Melissa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe active metabolite of vitamin D, calcitriol, has been shown across many different species to augment innate immune responses and dampen aberrant proinflammatory cytokine production. Community acquired infections are common in shelters and consume limited shelter resources, impact adoption rates, and can result in unnecessary euthanasia. Prophylactic oral vitamin D supplementation decreases the incidence and severity of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in humans. Before a clinical trial investigating the clinical benefit of oral vitamin D supplementation in shelter dogs can be pursued, an in vitro study evaluating the immunomodulatory effects of calcitriol in blood from shelter dogs is warranted. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine if incubation of whole blood obtained from apparently healthy dogs housed in a shelter for ≥7 days with calcitriol would alter granulocyte/monocyte (GM) oxidative burst and phagocytic function as well as pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-stimulated leukocyte production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10.ResultsTen dogs housed in a shelter for ≥7 days were enrolled in a prospective cohort study. Whole blood from these dogs was incubated with calcitriol (10− 7 M) or diluent (control) for 24 h. Subsequent to this incubation, phagocytosis of opsonized-Escherichia coli(E. coli) andE. coli-induced oxidative burst were evaluated via flow cytometry. In addition, leukocyte production of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 were measured using a canine-specific multiplex bead assay. Calcitriol significantly decreased leukocyte TNF-α production (p = 0.009) and increased IL-10 production (p = 0.002). Tumor necrosis factor-α-to-IL-10 ratio was significantly decreased with calcitriol (p = 0.017), while IL-6 production as well as GM oxidative burst and phagocytic function were not significantly affected.ConclusionsThese data indicate that calcitriol attenuates proinflammatory immune responses without affecting GM oxidative burst or phagocytic function in vitro in whole blood obtained from apparently healthy shelter dogs.
Cerebral autoregulation and neurovascular coupling are progressively impaired during septic shock: an experimental study
Authors: Ferlini Lorenzo , Su Fuhong , Creteur Jacques , Taccone Fabio Silvio , Gaspard Nicolas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlteration of the mechanisms of cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation might contribute to the pathophysiology of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). However, previous clinical studies on dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) in sepsis had several cofounders. Furthermore, little is known on the potential impairment of neurovascular coupling (NVC) in sepsis. The aim of our study was to determine the presence and time course of dCA and NVC alterations in a clinically relevant animal model and their potential impact on the development of SAE.MethodsThirty-six anesthetized, mechanically ventilated female sheep were randomized to sham procedures (sham,n= 15), sepsis (n= 14), or septic shock (n= 7). Blood pressure, CBF, and electrocorticography were continuously recorded. Pearson’s correlation coefficient Lxa and transfer function analysis were used to estimate dCA. NVC was assessed by the analysis of CBF variations induced by cortical gamma activity (Eγ) peaks and by the magnitude-squared coherence (MSC) between the spontaneous fluctuations of CBF and Eγ. Cortical function was estimated by the alpha-delta ratio. Wilcoxon signed rank and rank sum tests, Friedman tests, and RMANOVA test were used as appropriate.ResultsSepsis and sham animals did not differ neither in dCA nor in NVC parameters. A significant impairment of dCA occurred only after septic shock (Lxa,p= 0.03, TFA gainp= 0.03, phasep= 0.01). Similarly, NVC was altered during septic shock, as indicated by a lower MSC in the frequency band 0.03–0.06 Hz (p< 0.001). dCA and NVC impairments were associated with cortical dysfunction (reduction in the alpha-delta ratio (p= 0.03)).ConclusionsA progressive loss of dCA and NVC occurs during septic shock and is associated with cortical dysfunction. These findings indicate that the alteration of mechanisms controlling cortical perfusion plays a late role in the pathophysiology of SAE and suggest that alterations of CBF regulation mechanisms in less severe phases of sepsis reported in clinical studies might be due to patients’ comorbidities or other confounders. Furthermore, a mean arterial pressure targeting therapy aiming to optimize dCA might not be sufficient to prevent neuronal dysfunction in sepsis since it would not improve NVC.
Essential tremor: the most common form of cerebellar degeneration?
Authors: Louis Elan D. , Faust Phyllis L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe degenerative cerebellar ataxias comprise a large and heterogeneous group of neurological diseases whose hallmark clinical feature is ataxia, and which are accompanied, to variable degrees, by other features that are attributable to cerebellar dysfunction. Essential tremor (ET) is an exceptionally common neurological disease whose primary motor feature is action tremor, although patients often manifest intention tremor, mild gait ataxia and several other features of cerebellar dysfunction.Main BodyIn this paper, we review the abundant evidence derived from clinical, neuroimaging and postmortem studies, linking ET to cerebellar dysfunction. Furthermore, we review the combination of clinical, natural history and postmortem features suggesting that ET is neurodegenerative. We then compare the prevalence of ET (400 – 900 cases per 100,000) to that of the other cerebellar degenerations (ranging from<0.5 – 9 cases per 100,000, and in composite likely to be on the order of 20 cases per 100,000) and conclude that ET is 20 to 45 times more prevalent than all other forms of cerebellar degeneration combined.ConclusionGiven the data we present, it is logical to conclude that ET is, by far, the most common form of cerebellar degeneration.
Afferent limb syndrome after total proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal canal anastomosis
Authors: Matsuda Keiji , Hashiguchi Yojiro , Asako Kentaro , Okada Yuka , Ohno Kohei , Tsukamoto Mitsuo , Fukushima Yoshihisa , Shimada Ryu , Ozawa Tsuyoshi , Hayama Tamuro , Nozawa Keijiro , Fukagawa Takeo , Sasajima Yuko 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is a common postoperative complication of ulcerative colitis (UC). There have been a few recent reports of afferent limb syndrome (ALS) as a rare occurrence in cases of SBO. We present a case of ALS with recurrent SBO that was successfully managed surgically.

Case presentation
When this male patient was 55 years old, he underwent laparoscopy-assisted anus-preserving total proctocolectomy, the creation of a J-type ileal pouch, ileal pouch-anal canal anastomosis (IPAA), and creation of ileostomy for intractable UC. Three months later, ileostomy closure was performed. The first onset of SBO was observed 5 months after ileostomy closure. SBO occurred repeatedly, and the patient was hospitalized nine times in approximately 2 years. Each SBO was improved by non-surgical treatment. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed that the afferent limb was narrowing and twisted, and gastrografin enema confirmed narrowing at the proximal portion of the pouch inlet. Endoscopy showed a sharp angulation at the pouch inlet. We suspected ALS and decided on a surgical policy and performed pouchopexy and ileopexy to the retroperitoneum by suturing with excision of the remaining blind end of the ileum. Endoscopy 3 days after surgery showed neither twist nor stricture in the fixed ileal pouch or the afferent limb. At the time of writing, the patient remains free of SBO symptoms.

Conclusion
Clinicians should consider ALS when examining a patient with recurrent intermittent SBO after IPAA surgery. When ALS is suspected, the patient is indicated for surgery such as surgical pexy.
Intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasms with rupture of the distal main pancreatic duct: a case report
Authors: Shimizu Yuji , Ashida Ryo , Sugiura Teiichi , Okamura Yukiyasu , Ito Takaaki , Yamamoto Yusuke , Ohgi Katsuhisa , Sasaki Keiko , Uesaka Katsuhiko 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm (ITPN) is a rare and newly described entity defined as an intraductal, grossly visible, tubule-forming epithelial neoplasm with high-grade dysplasia and ductal differentiation without overt production of mucin. Because of its rarity, the clinical and molecular aspects of ITPN have not been fully investigated.

Case presentation
A 73-year-old woman presented to a local hospital with epigastric discomfort and pain. Abdominal multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) revealed a 2.5-cm hypovascular tumor in the pancreatic body with distal pancreatic duct dilatation and a slightly low-density area spreading over the ventral side of the pancreatic body. Endoscopic ultrasonography and fine-needle biopsy of the tumor revealed adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. She was referred to our hospital 2 months later. MDCT performed at our hospital showed no significant change in the tumor size or pancreatic duct dilatation. However, the low-density area at the ventral side of the pancreas had shrunk; therefore, this finding was considered to have been an inflammatory change. Under a preoperative diagnosis of resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, distal pancreatectomy was performed. The final diagnosis was ITPN with associated invasive carcinoma. Macroscopically and microscopically, the main pancreatic duct (MPD) had ruptured at the distal side of the tumor, and the fistula connected the MPD and extrapancreatic scar tissue.

Conclusions
ITPN with rupture of the pancreatic duct is extremely rare. In the present case, a sudden increase in the pancreatic duct internal pressure or acute inflammation likely caused the rupture of the MPD.
Obstructive rectal endometriosis treated by robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery: a case report
Authors: Kuriyama Naotaka , Ando Koji , Hu Qingjiang , Miyashita Yu , Fujimoto Yoshiaki , Jogo Tomoko , Hokonohara Kentaro , Nakanishi Ryota , Hisamatsu Yuichi , Kimura Yasue , Tsurumaru Daisuke , Kohashi Kenichi , Oda Yoshinao , Oki Eiji , Nishimura Masataka , Mori Masaki 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Rectal endometriosis is a rare disease. A definitive diagnosis prior to surgery is often difficult. We encountered a patient with rectal sub-obstructive endometriosis that was treated by robot-assisted laparoscopic low anterior resection.

Case presentation
A 43-year-old woman visited our hospital with suspected stenosis caused by upper rectal cancer. She had a 2-year history of constipation. We were unable to confirm the diagnosis through detailed examinations, including laparoscopy. Robot-assisted laparoscopic low anterior resection with D3 lymph node dissection was performed for both diagnosis and treatment. The postoperative specimen showed a submucosal tumor. The pathological examination confirmed rectal endometriosis.

Conclusions
We herein describe a rare case of obstructive rectal endometriosis that we were unable to diagnose preoperatively. Robotic surgery was useful in this case, which involved extensive pelvic adhesion.
Antidiabetic effect of Wedelia chinensis leaf extract in alloxan induced Swiss albino diabetic mice
Authors: Bari Md. Wasim , Islam Md. Monirul , Khatun Mahbuba , Sultana Mst Julia , Ahmed Rabbi , Islam Ariful , Hossain Md. Ismail , Rahman Md. Matiar , Islam Mohammad Amirul 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundWedelia chinensis (W. chinensis)is a beneficial medicinal herb used in folk medicine to treat many chronic diseases. The present study is aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic property of methanolic extract ofW. chinensisleaf (MEWL) in alloxan induced Swiss albino diabetic mice.MethodsMethanol was used as a solvent to obtainW. chinensisleaf extract. In vitro antidiabetic property of MEWL was revealed by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assays. To explore in vivo antidiabetic properties of MEWL, diabetes was induced in Swiss albino mice by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan at dose of 80 mg/kg body weight (BW). All Swiss albino mice (normal mice and diabetic mice) were divided into five groups and orally treated with normal pellet diet and water (normal control and diabetic control), glibenclamide 5 mg/kg BW and MEWL (100 and 200 mg/kg BW). Effects of MEWL on blood glucose levels, activity of liver function enzymes associated with diabetes and serum levels of lipid parameters were evaluated.ResultsIn α-amylase inhibition assay, 48.39% inhibition in the activity of α-amylase was observed at 500 μg/ml concentration of MEWL. Moreover, 39.37% inhibition of α-glucosidase activity was observed at 10 μg/ml concentration of MEWL. The results of in vivo antidiabetic assays showed that MEWL significantly (p < 0.01) decreased blood glucose level and ameliorated parameters of lipid profile (TG, TC, LDL, VLDL and HDL) in diabetic mice. MEWL treatments for 21 days also reduced the activity of SGPT and SGOT enzymes, and CRP levels in the serum of diabetic mice significantly (p < 0.01) compared to that of untreated diabetic mice.ConclusionThe present study demonstrated thatW. chinensisleaf extract effectively subsidized the hyperglycemic effect along with restoring the lipid profile parameters in diabetic mice and might be used as an alternative medicine for the management of diabetes.
Analysis of difficulty in placement of pulmonary artery catheter through the left internal jugular vein
Authors: Tomita Akiko , Takada Shoko , Fujimoto Tomoko , Iwasaki Mitsuo , Hayashi Yukio 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The left internal jugular vein may be an alternative route for the placement of a pulmonary artery catheter when the right jugular vein is not available. Although the placement through the left internal jugular vein is expected to be more difficult, little has been written regarding difficulties in achieving proper placement of the catheter through the left internal jugular vein.

Methods
This prospective and observational study includes patients undergoing cardiac surgery with the catheter placement by monitoring the pressure waveform for 2 years. We measured the time required for the catheter to pass through the tricuspid and pulmonary valves, respectively. The data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney. P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results
The catheter placement through the right and left internal jugular vein was done in 285 (group R) and 10 patients (group L), respectively. The time duration through the tricuspid valve in group L was significantly longer than that in group P (8 [5–14] s vs 70 [19.8–138] s, median [range], P < 0.01), whereas the time duration through the pulmonary valve was comparable between the two groups (15 [10–27.75] s vs 15 [10.25–19] s, median [range], P = 0.62).

Conclusion
These results indicate that the difficulty in the catheter placement through the left jugular vein may be to pass through the tricuspid valve, not the pulmonary valve.