bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finite‐time boundedness of sliding mode control under periodic event‐triggered strategy
Authors: Li Jiarui , Niu Yugang , Song Jun 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThis article investigates the problem of sliding mode control (SMC) for continuous‐time systems under the requirement of finite‐time boundedness (FTB), in which the state signals are periodically sampled and transmitted to the controller according to the pre‐designed event‐triggering condition. A key issue is how to utilize the less available state information to achieve the FTB of the closed‐loop system. To this end, the continuous‐time SMC law is changed into an implementable form dependent on the available sampled state via event triggering transmission. It is shown that the state trajectory of the controlled system can be driven onto the specified sliding surface before the given finite time, and then, remain within a domain around this sliding surface. Due to the characteristic of the periodic event‐triggered scheme (ETS), the known partitioning strategy on the SMC with FTB is infeasible for this present case. Instead, we shall analyze the FTB of the closed‐loop system over the whole given time, meanwhile, a selection condition on the robust term is given via the given time parameter. Finally, the numerical simulation results are provided to illustrate the proposed periodical event‐triggered SMC scheme.
Scintillation due to atmospheric turbulence on optical GEO and MEO satellite links: Time series synthesizer for system level simulations
Authors: Lyras Nikolaos K. , Kourogiorgas Charilaos I. , Panagopoulos Athanasios D. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryOptical satellite links have been proposed in order to cover the increasing capacity demand for satellite networks. The reliable design of the performance of optical satellite links is of utmost importance. In the present paper, an analytical methodology for the generation of time series of scintillation due to atmospheric turbulence of optical satellite links is proposed. Under cloud‐free line of sight, scintillation causes the degradation of link's quality. In order to design adaptive transmission techniques for scintillation compensation, an accurate channel model for time series synthesis is required. The proposed synthesizer is based on stochastic differential equations (SDEs) driven by fractional Brownian motion and generates log‐amplitude time series for plane and spherical waves affected by turbulence. The links are considered between Ground and Geostationary or Medium Earth Orbit satellites. The synthesizer is validated using the theoretical aspects of scintillation considering the first‐ and second‐order statistics. Additionally, the performance of the synthesizer for the case of Geostationary is validated with data from ARTEMIS optical satellite link experiment carried out by European Space Agency. The proposed synthesizer can be directly employed for the system performance of transmission techniques for optical satellite forward and reverse links taking into account the scintillation effects.
Multi‐Color Emitting Pyrene Derivatives: Synthesis, Optoelectronic and Electroluminescent Properties
Authors: Zhang Jian , Wang Sujuan , Wang Mengna , Tian Feng , Zhao Xiaohui , Tian Yuelan , Ba Xinwu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGiven the high fluorescence quantum yield and modifiability of pyrene, we designed, synthesized and characterized three novel pyrene derivatives (1‐‐3) bearing electron donors and/or acceptors. All of them exhibited strong emission bands at 470 nm, 527 nm, 606 nm in toluene and slightly red‐shifted bands in the solid state due to intermolecular interactions in the densely packed state. In addition, these compounds exhibited high thermal stability with decomposition temperatures of up to 372 °C for 1, 462 °C for 2 and 429 °C for 3. Fabrication of organic light emitting diodes with 1–3 as active layers were conducted, and the devices gave multi‐color fluorescence, including cyan, chartreuse and orange light with the CIE coordinates of (0.14, 0.35), (0.38, 0.59) and (0.58, 0.41), respectively.
Facile One‐Pot Solvothermal Synthesis of Noble Metal‐Free NiS Modified In2S3‐Based Photocatalyst for Highly Efficient Visible‐Light‐Driven Cr6+ Removal
Authors: Wang Linjuan , Zan Ling 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRapidly electrons transferring of noble metal‐free electron mediator NiS modifying In2S3 photocatalysts were synthesized through a one‐pot hydrothermal method. Light with longer wavelength scope and stronger intensity can be absorbed and achieving more rapidly electrons transportation speed. PL and photocurrent spectra demonstrating that NiS‐In2S3 composites have higher charge carrier separation efficiency. HRTEM revealed that NiS and In2S3 were contacted in nano size and have intimate contact with each other. XPS further proved there has an influence of the banding energy between NiS and In2S3. 10 % content sample achieving complete removal of Cr6+ with a trace photocatalyst concertation (0.2 mg/mL) within 30 min which was 3 times higher than pure In2S3. The proper mechanism was proposed that In2S3 was excited by visible light to produce electron‐hole pairs, and NiS acted as a light absorbing intensifier and electron trapper conducting electrons from the In2S3 conduction band to the surface of composites and then reacting with the active species, thus improving the charge carrier separation efficiency and photocatalytic activity
Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Thermal Analysis and Investigation of Dyeing Properties of o‐Hydroxy Schiff Bases and Their Metal Complexes
Authors: Özkınalı Sevil , Yavuz Şenol , Tosun Tuğçe , Ali Köse Dursun , Gür Mahmut , Kocaokutgen Hasan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTwo series of new Schiff base metal complexes (Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Mn(II), Zn(II)) were synthesized and used to study their fastness and thermal properties. All of the dyes were applied on cotton, polyester and cellulose acetate fabrics as reactive dyes by using temperature and 1 : 20 Flotte ratio. Washing, rubbing and light fastness was investigated by ISO 105‐C06 A2S, TS EN ISO 105‐X12 and ISO 105‐B02 methods, respectively and obtained very well to excellent results. Structures of the metal complex dyes were elucidated by IR, UV‐Vis, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, mass spectroscopic techniques, magnetic susceptibility measurements, elemental analysis, and thermal analysis. Spectroscopic results indicate that all of the complexes adopt octahedral geometry. Also the results indicate that the complexes are formed by the binding of a metal ion with two Schiff bases by using two >C=N‐ groups, two hydroxyl groups and two aqua ligands. In the present study, for the first time, fabrics were dyed with Schiff bases and metal complexes, and then, their fastness analyses were carried out and were obtained fine results.
Metal‐Free Multicomponent Construction of Tetrahydroisoquinoline‐Indole Derivatives via In Situ Generated ortho‐Quinonoid Intermediate
Authors: Kaur Pavneet , Gurjar Kamlesh K. , Kumar Vinod , Gohit Sonali , Gupta Vijay , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA metal‐ and ligand‐free multicomponent coupling of tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ), ortho‐hydroxybenzaldehydes and indoles under solvent‐free conditions is described. The developed protocol provided a waste‐free and concise access to C(1)‐functionalized THIQ‐indole derivatives under green conditions. The reactant molar ratio and neutral conditions were found crucial for controlling the selectivity of desired THIQ‐indole product over competitive by‐products i. e. oxazine and bis(indolyl)methane. The experimental and DFT study revealed the involvement of ortho‐quinonoid species which reacts with indoles in situ to form THIQ‐indole derivatives.
Cooperative Acid‐Base Sites of Solid Ba‐Zr Mixed Oxide Catalyst for Efficient Isomerization of Glucose to Fructose in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Shaikh Samrin S. , Patil Chetana R. , Kondawar Sharda E. , Rode Chandrashekhar V. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEfficient and highly selective isomerization of glucose to fructose was achieved by using the inexpensive Ba−Zr mixed metal oxide catalyst. Catalyst was prepared by varying Ba−Zr ratios using co‐precipitation method. Various phases formed, planes exposed, morphology, elemental composition and particle size, basic site density and strength, oxidation state of elements were well studied by using various characterization techniques. The XRD analysis clearly indicates the presence of Ba+2 and Zr+4 in the form of BaO, ZrO2 and BaZrO3 phases. The SEM and HR‐TEM images indicate that, Ba−Zr (2 : 1) catalyst prepared showed uniform morphology with spherical and rod‐shaped particles ranging from 300 to 600 nm. Under the optimized reaction conditions Ba−Zr (2 : 1) catalyst exhibited excellent results in terms of 57 % of glucose conversion with 89 % selective formation of glucose. The presence of both acidic as well as basic sites play vital roles in activating the substrate molecules to selectively yield fructose. Ba−Zr (2 : 1) catalyst showed excellent recyclability performance up to four recycles.
Efficient and Chemoselective Procedure for Conversion of Rhodanine Derivatives into 1,3‐Thiazolidine‐2,4‐diones via 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction and Rearrangement Sequences
Authors: Roosta Atefeh , Alizadeh Abdolali , Rezaiyehraad Reze , Khanpour Mojtaba 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHerein, we report a chemoselective 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction between 5‐alkylidene‐ or 5‐arylidene rhodanine derivatives and nitrile oxide generated in situ from dibromoformaldoxime to construct 1,3‐thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione scaffold under mild conditions. This strategy exhibits a distinguished manner to afford thiazolidine derivatives in a simple, rapid and practical route. The results proved that the reaction proceeds through an unpredictable rearrangement and no spirocyclic product is generated. The structures of the target molecules were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectra and unambiguously X‐ray crystal structure analysis.
Spatially and Temporally Resolved Two‐Dimensional Emission Images of Copper Atomic and Ionic Lines in Laser‐Induced Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry
Authors: Weng Julian , Kashiwakura Shunsuke , Wagatsuma Kazuaki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study features a two‐dimensional spatially and temporally resolved imaging of laser‐induced plasma in copper emission lines, in order to clarify the fundamental mechanism for their excitation/de‐excitations in laser‐induced breakdown spectrometry (LIBS). It was investigated how the plasma excitation was dependent on the type of copper emission lines, different atomic and ionic lines (Cu II 224.700 nm, Cu I 324.754 nm), with the aim to monitor their emission images. A large difference between these emission lines was found in the shape as well as the temporal variation of the emission profiles: while the profile of the Cu II line rapidly disappeared with an expansion of the plasma, that of the Cu I was still observed even at a final stage of the plasma expansion. This result can be explained by their excitation mechanisms. Namely, the excited level for the Cu II line having large excitation energy is mainly populated through a direct collision with an energetic particle, whereas step‐wise de‐excitations from high‐lying excited levels also contribute to the emission of the Cu I line. This result could prove to be useful in the understanding of the background of LIBS.
Preparation and Characterization of PANI@NiO Visible Light Photocatalyst for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Adnan Muhammad , Ali Saqib , Javed Sofia , Akram M. Aftab 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEnvironmental problems caused by the influence of organic dyes have devoted researchers to build the system for the degradation of dyes. Photocatalysis has gained a remarkable interest to degrade organic dyes for wastewater treatments. In this work Polyaniline@NiO with different wt.% the composition was synthesized with rich catalytic sites by in‐situ polymerization to degrade the organic dye Rhodamine‐B from water. The synthesized materials were characterized by XRD, RAMAN spectroscopy, SEM, UV/Vis spectroscopy and Photocatalytic degradation. Polyaniline (PANI) showed a high absorption coefficient in visible light and NiO absorbs light in the ultraviolet range. The charge mobility was enhanced by making a composite of PANI and NiO. The photocatalytic performance of PANI in visible light was improved by making its composite with NiO, which provides the easing path to flow photoelectron from LUMO of PANI to the surface of the water and further dye degradation mechanism was performed
Hierarchical Lamellar‐Structured MnO2@graphene for High Performance Li, Na and K ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Wenyang , Jin Huixin , Du Yiqun , Zhang Youjian , Wang Zihan , Zhang Jianxin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFinding suitable electrode materials for energy storage devices with large ions like Na+ and K+ is notoriously difficult. Herein, MnO2@graphene with hierarchical lamellar structure has be synthesized. The flower‐like lamellar‐structured MnO2 and nanosheets of graphene combine together to form the composite with vast space for large ions to transport and store, as well as huge surface area for reactions. Sandwiched between graphene nanosheets, electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of MnO2 are highly enhanced, enabling it to withstand large current shock and long time cycling. In Li, Na and K ion batteries, MnO2@graphene all shows excellent electrochemical performance. Also, when coupled with liquid K−Na anode, MnO2@graphene displays better performance than with solid K anode, indicating its great potential at dendrite‐free K ion battery. MnO2@graphene promotes the exploitation of more suitable electrode materials for alkali ion batteries, deepens understanding of their inner mechanisms, and boosts their commercialization.
Intelligent Fe–Mn Layered Double Hydroxides Nanosheets Anchored with Upconversion Nanoparticles for Oxygen‐Elevated Synergetic Therapy and Bioimaging
Authors: Jia Tao , Wang Zhao , Sun Qianqian , Dong Shuming , Xu Jiating , Zhang Fangmei , Feng Lili , He Fei , Yang Dan , Yang Piaoping , Lin Jun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMultimodal synergistic therapy based on photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has attracted increasing attention in cancer therapy. However, the scant therapeutic efficiency is always a barrier for further application. Herein, a smart tumor microenvironment (TME) responsive nanocatalysts are developed by adopting Fe–Mn layered double hydroxides (FeMn‐LDH) as an effective photothermal nanocarrier to load mesoporous silica and chlorin e6 (Ce6)‐covalently coated upconversion nanoparticles (UCSP) for multimodal imaging for directed therapy. Under acidic TME, FeMn‐LDH degrades into Fe3+ and Mn2+ ions to initiate a Fenton‐like reaction inducing CDT and enhancing magnetic resonance imaging. Additionally, Fe3+ can decompose H2O2 to oxygen (O2), enhancing PDT guided by UCSP. As a representative noninvasive imaging probe, the upconversion luminescence will recover after decomposition of FeMn‐LDH, and provide high‐resolution upconversion luminescent imaging guidance for pinpointed PDT. Moreover, the photothermal properties of FeMn‐LDH can further enhance CDT effects. The synergistic therapy and multifunctional imaging can realize the integration of diagnosis and treatment.
Quantitative Assessment of Endosomal Escape of Various Endocytosed Polymer‐Encapsulated Molecular Cargos upon Photothermal Heating
Authors: Brkovic Nico , Zhang Li , Peters Jan N. , Kleine‐Doepke Stephan , Parak Wolfgang J. , Zhu Dingcheng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEncapsulated molecular cargos are efficiently endocytosed by cells. For cytosolic delivery, understanding the dynamic process of cargos release from the carrier vehicles used for encapsulation and the lysosomes where the carrier vehicles are trapped (which in general is the bottleneck), followed by diffusion in the cytosol is important for improving drug/gene delivery strategies. A methodology is reported to image this process on a millisecond scale and to quantitatively analyze the data. Polyelectrolyte capsules with embedded gold nanostars to encapsulate 43 fluorescent molecular cargos with diverse properties, ranging from small fluorophores to fluorescently labeled proteins, siRNA, etc., are used. By short laser irradiation intracellular release of the molecular cargos from endocytosed capsules into the cytosol is triggered, and their intracellular spreading is imaged. Most of the released molecular cargos evenly distribute inside the entire cell, while others are enriched in certain cell compartments. The time the different molecular cargos take to distribute within cells, i.e., the spreading time, is used as a quantifier. Quantitative analysis reveals that intracellular spread cannot be described by free diffusion, but is determined by interaction of the molecular cargo with intracellular components.
Prostate cancer‐secreted CCN3 uses the GSK3β and β‐catenin pathways to enhance osteogenic factor levels in osteoblasts
Authors: Chen Po‐Chun , Liu Shan‐Chi , Lin Tien‐Huang , Lin Liang‐Wei , Wu Hsi‐Chin , Tai Huai‐Ching , Wang Shih‐Wei , Tang Chih‐Hsin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractProstate cancer osteoblastic bone metastases are incurable and associated with chronic bone pain and a high mortality rate. Osteoclast‐targeting drugs intended to prevent skeletal‐related events associated with prostate cancer bone metastases do not prolong overall survival. Improved understanding of the bone‐derived factors that contribute to prostate cancer osteoblastic bone metastases is required to design treatments that will improve morbidities and overall survival. Activated osteoblasts stimulate prostate cancer growth in bone. In this study, we report that prostate cancer conditioned medium (CM) promoted bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)‐2, ‐4 and ‐7 production and the expression of osteogenic transcription factors Runx2 and osterix in osteoblasts. Treating the prostate cancer CM with antibody against CCN3 (nephroblastoma‐overexpressed), a cysteine‐rich protein that belongs to the CCN family, reduced all of these increases. Incubation of osteoblasts with CCN3 facilitated phosphorylation of GSK3β and β‐catenin. GSK3β and β‐catenin inhibitors or siRNAs all abolished CCN3‐induced promotion of BMPs, Runx2 and osterix expression in osteoblasts. Our results indicate that prostate cancer‐secreted CCN3 enhances BMP, Runx2 and osterix expression in osteoblasts via the GSK3β and β‐catenin signaling pathways. This understanding of the role played by CCN3 in osteoblastic prostate bone metastasis may lead to more efficient targeted therapies.
Protection of melatonin against long‐term radon exposure‐caused lung injury
Authors: Wu Qianqian , Fang Lijun , Yang Youjing , Wang Aiqing , Chen Xiaoyu , Sun Jiaojiao , Wan Jianmei , Hong Chengjiao , Tong Jian , Tao Shasha , Tian Hailin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRadon is one of the major pathogenic factors worldwide. Recently, epidemiological studies have suggested that radon exposure plays an important role in lung injury, which could further cause cancer. However, the toxic effects and underlying mechanism on lung injury are still not clear. Here, we identified the detailed toxic effects of long‐term radon exposure. Specifically, the manifestations were inflammatory response and cell apoptosis in dose‐ and time‐dependent manners. In detail, it caused the mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress as determined by the abnormal levels of mitochondrial DNA copy number, adenosine triphosphate, mitochondrial membrane potential, superoxide dismutase, and cycloxygenase‐2. Furthermore, we found that melatonin treatment ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction and attenuated the levels of oxidative stress caused by long‐term radon exposure, which could further inhibit the lung tissue apoptosis as determined by the decreased levels of cleaved caspase 3. Our study would provide potential therapeutic application of melatonin on lung tissue injury caused by long‐term radon exposure.
From Poor to Worse: Health Policy and Politics Scholars’ Assessment of the U.S. COVID‐19 Response and Its Implications
Authors: Haeder Simon F. , Gollust Sarah E. 
Published: October 2020

By any standard, the U.S. response to the coronavirus pandemic has been abysmal, with countless unnecessary deaths and suffering. Although the human impact is most important, the pandemic has also had enormous consequences on the U.S. political system. Health policy and politics scholars, particularly from political science orientations, are ideally equipped to evaluate the pandemic response from a political perspective. In this study, we report on the results of a two‐wave survey of academic health policy researchers in April/May (N = 239) and September (N = 158) 2020. Respondents noted an outsized influence of public health, medicine, and economics, while noting limited public engagement of social scientists like sociologists and political scientists. The perceived expert influence declined over the two waves, while assessment of electoral consequences to favor Democrats grew. Respondents also offered a sober perspective on federal and state responses to the pandemic, forecasting lasting implications for health policy and political dynamics for years to come. Given their expertise, health policy and politics scholars appear uniquely qualified to enter the public and policy discourse going forward.
The Varying Challenge of Islamophobia for the EU: On Anti-Muslim Resentments and Its Dividend for Right-Wing Populists and Eurosceptics—Central and Eastern Europe in a Comparative Perspective
Authors: Pickel Gert , Öztürk Cemal 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The so-called refugee crisis and the fear of Islamist terror have turned out to be serendipitous for right-wing populist parties. They portray themselves as defenders of the ‘Christian Occident’ and campaign against an ‘invasion of Muslims’ that was allegedly orchestrated by cosmopolitan elites of the EU. Against this backdrop, this chapter explores the linkage between anti-Muslim sentiments and Eurosceptic attitudes. The study shows that (1) there is a pan-European nexus between Islamophobia and Euroscepticism, (2) there is a nexus that is primarily driven by voters of right-wing populist parties and (3) the magnitude of Islamophobic attitudes differ, however, between societies. An anti-Muslim social climate is particularly widespread in Eastern Europe, where hardly any Muslims live. The contribution addresses the resulting implications for the legitimacy of the EU.
Fermi gas approach to general rank theories and quantum curves
Authors: Kubo Naotaka 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
It is known that matrix models computing the partition functions of three-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 superconformal Chern-Simons theories described by circular quiver diagrams can be written as the partition functions of ideal Fermi gases when all the nodes have equal ranks. We extend this approach to rank deformed theories. The resulting matrix models factorize into factors depending only on the relative ranks in addition to the Fermi gas factors. We find that this factorization plays a critical role in showing the equality of the partition functions of dual theories related by the Hanany-Witten transition. Furthermore, we show that the inverses of the density matrices of the ideal Fermi gases can be simplified and regarded as quantum curves as in the case without rank deformations. We also comment on four nodes theories using our results.