bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broad-band ground-motion simulation of 2016 Amatrice earthquake, Central Italy
Authors: Pischiutta Marta , Akinci Aybige , Tinti Elisa , Herrero André 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARYOn 24 August 2016 at 01:36 UTC a ML6.0 earthquake struck several villages in central Italy, among which Accumoli, Amatrice and Arquata del Tronto. The earthquake was recorded by about 350 seismic stations, causing 299 fatalities and damage with macroseismic intensities up to 11. The maximum acceleration was observed at Amatrice station (AMT) reaching 916 cm s–2 on E–W component, with epicentral distance of 15 km and Joyner and Boore distance to the fault surface (RJB) of less than a kilometre. Motivated by the high levels of observed ground motion and damage, we generate broad-band seismograms for engineering purposes by adopting a hybrid method. To infer the low frequency seismograms, we considered the kinematic slip model by Tinti et al . The high frequency seismograms were produced using a stochastic finite-fault model approach based on dynamic corner-frequency. Broad-band synthetic time-series were therefore obtained by merging the low and high frequency seismograms. Simulated hybrid ground motions were compared both with the observed ground motions and the ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs), to explore their performance and to retrieve the region-specific parameters endorsed for the simulations. In the near-fault area we observed that hybrid simulations have a higher capability to detect near source effects and to reproduce the source complexity than the use of GMPEs. Indeed, the general good consistency found between synthetic and observed ground motion (both in the time and frequency domain), suggests that the use of regional-specific source scaling and attenuation parameters together with the source complexity in hybrid simulations improves ground motion estimations. To include the site effect in stochastic simulations at selected stations, we tested the use of amplification curves derived from HVRSs (horizontal-to-vertical response spectra) and from HVSRs (horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios) rather than the use of generic curves according to NTC18 Italian seismic design code. We generally found a further reduction of residuals between observed and simulated both in terms of time histories and spectra.
An autonomous petrological database for geodynamic simulations of magmatic systems
Authors: Rummel Lisa , Baumann Tobias S , Kaus Boris J P 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARY
Self-consistent modelling of magmatic systems is challenging as the melt continuously changes its chemical composition upon crystallization, which may affect the mechanical behaviour of the system. Melt extraction and subsequent crystallization create new rocks while depleting the source region. As the chemistry of the source rocks changes locally due to melt extraction, new calculations of the stable phase assemblages are required to track the rock evolution and the accompanied change in density. As a consequence, a large number of isochemical sections of stable phase assemblages are required to study the evolution of magmatic systems in detail. As the state-of-the-art melting diagrams may depend on nine oxides as well as pressure and temperature, this is a 10-D computational problem. Since computing a single isochemical section (as a function of pressure and temperature) may take several hours, computing new sections of stable phase assemblages during an ongoing geodynamic simulation is currently computationally intractable. One strategy to avoid this problem is to pre-compute these stable phase assemblages and to create a comprehensive database as a hyperdimensional phase diagram, which contains all bulk compositions that may emerge during petro-thermomechanical simulations. Establishing such a database would require repeating geodynamic simulations many times while collecting all requested compositions that may occur during a typical simulation and continuously updating the database until no additional compositions are required. Here, we describe an alternative method that is better suited for implementation on large-scale parallel computers. Our method uses the entries of an existing preliminary database to estimate future required chemical compositions. Bulk compositions are determined within boundaries that are defined manually or through principal component analysis in a parameter space consisting of clustered database entries. We have implemented both methods within a massively parallel computational framework while utilizing the Gibbs free energy minimization program Perple_X. Results show that our autonomous approach increases the resolution of the thermodynamic database in compositional regions that are most likely required for geodynamic models of magmatic systems.
When Ambiguous Loss Becomes Ambiguous Grief: Clinical Work with Bereaved Dementia Caregivers
Authors: Nathanson Abigail , Rogers Madeline 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The experience of caring for someone with dementia can be heartbreaking. The losses inherent to caregiving itself can be difficult to reconcile after the death of a person with dementia, causing challenges in the bereavement stage. Although there is often significant social support to help people process the death of someone close to them, clinicians can struggle to help bereaved dementia caregivers integrate their ambiguous losses from caregiving, such as loss of roles, functions, and relationships, into a postdeath bereavement process. Many socioeconomic, personality, and family functioning factors impact an individual caregiver’s experience, and there are more global influences from the nature of dementia caregiving itself that must be understood to best support a caregiver. Using the lens of the dementia grief model and examples from a case study, this article seeks to illustrate the dynamics inherent in integrating ambiguous losses following the death of a person from dementia, and it proposes clinical goals for working effectively with this population.
Are Seroprevalence Estimates for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Biased?
Authors: Takahashi Saki , Greenhouse Bryan , Rodríguez-Barraquer Isabel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBiased seroprevalence estimates can occur using serological assays optimized with validation sets unrepresentative of disease spectrum in the general population. Correct interpretation of serosurveys for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 requires quantifying variations in sensitivity with disease severity and over time.
Eravacycline, a novel tetracycline derivative, does not induceClostridioides difficileinfection in anin vitrohuman gut model
Authors: Buckley Anthony M , Altringham James , Clark Emma , Bently Karen , Spittal William , Ewin Duncan , Wilkinson Vikki , Davis Georgina , Moura Ines B , Wilcox Mark H 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe approval of new antibiotics is essential to combat infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant pathogens; however, such agents should be tested to determine their effect on the resident microbiota and propensity to select for opportunistic pathogens, such as Clostridioides difficile. Eravacycline is a new antibiotic for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections. Here, we determined the effects of eravacycline compared with moxifloxacin on the microbiota and if these were conducive to induction of C. difficile infection (CDI).MethodsWe seeded in vitro chemostat models, which simulate the physiological conditions of the human colon, with a human faecal slurry and instilled gut-reflective concentrations of either eravacycline or moxifloxacin.ResultsEravacycline instillation was associated with decreased Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Clostridium species, which recovered 1 week after exposure. However, Bacteroides spp. levels decreased to below the limit of detection and did not recover prior to the end of the experiment. Post-eravacycline, a bloom of aerobic bacterial species occurred, including Enterobacteriaceae, compared with pre-antibiotic, which remained high for the duration of the experiment. These changes in microbiota were not associated with induction of CDI, as we observed a lack of C. difficile spore germination and thus no toxin was detected. Moxifloxacin exposure sufficiently disrupted the microbiota to induce simulated CDI, where C. difficile spore germination, outgrowth and toxin production were seen.ConclusionsThese model data suggest that, despite the initial impact of eravacycline on the intestinal microbiota, similar to clinical trial data, this novel tetracycline has a low propensity to induce CDI.
What guidance does HIPAA offer to providers considering familial risk notification and cascade genetic testing?
Authors: Henrikson Nora B , Wagner Jennifer K , Hampel Heather , DeVore Christopher , Shridhar Nirupama , Williams Janet L , Donohue Katherine E , Kullo Iftikhar , Prince Anya E R 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
It is unclear how the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) should be interpreted in the context of sharing of genomic information between family members.

Methods
The authors analyzed the HIPAA Privacy Rule, reviewed the literature and constructed a clinical scenario to inform how HIPAA can be interpreted for multiple forms of patient- and provider-mediated genetic risk notification.

Results
Under HIPAA, healthcare providers can lawfully notify relatives to recommend genetic risk assessment using multiple approaches, including supporting the patient telling their own relatives, contacting relatives directly with the patient’s authorization, or contacting a relative’s provider directly.

Conclusions
Multiple forms of patient- or provider-mediated contact of relatives are already legally permissible under HIPAA, are consistent with ethical obligations of care to patients and their families, and could result in improved population health through identification of clinically actionable disease risk. Unanswered questions remain about implementation and impacts of provider-mediated programs.
Increased expression of the MALE STERILITY1 transcription factor gene results in temperature-sensitive male sterility in barley
Authors: Fernández-Gómez José , Talle Behzad , Wilson Zoe A 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the control of fertility is critical for crop yield and breeding; this is particularly important for hybrid breeding to capitalize upon the resultant hybrid vigour. Different hybrid breeding systems have been adopted; however, these are challenging and crop specific. Mutants with environmentally reversible fertility offer valuable opportunities for hybrid breeding. The barley HvMS1 gene encodes a PHD-finger transcription factor that is expressed in the anther tapetum, which is essential for pollen development and causes complete male sterility when overexpressed in barley. This male sterility is due at least in part to indehiscent anthers resulting from incomplete tapetum degeneration, failure of anther opening, and sticky pollen under normal growth conditions (15 °C). However, dehiscence and fertility are restored when plants are grown at temperatures &gt;20 °C, or when transferred to &gt;20 °C during flowering prior to pollen mitosis I, with transfer at later stages unable to rescue fertility in vivo. As far as we are aware, this is the first report of thermosensitive male sterility in barley. This offers opportunities to understand the impact of temperature on pollen development and potential applications for environmentally switchable hybrid breeding systems; it also provides a ‘female’ male-sterile breeding tool that does not need emasculation to facilitate backcrossing.
Torques felt by solid accreting planets
Authors: Regály Zs 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
The solid material of protoplanetary discs forms an asymmetric pattern around a low-mass planet ($M_\mathrm{p}\le 10\, \mathrm{ M}_\oplus$) due to the combined effect of dust–gas interaction and the gravitational attraction of the planet. Recently, it has been shown that although the total solid mass is negligible compared to that of gas in protoplanetary discs, a positive torque can be emerged by a certain size solid species. The torque magnitude can overcome that of gas which may result in outward planetary migration. In this study, we show that the accretion of solid species by the planet strengthens the magnitude of solid torque being either positive or negative. We run two-dimensional, high-resolution ($1.5\,\rm {K}\times 3\,\rm {K}$) global hydrodynamic simulations of an embedded low-mass planet in a protoplanetary disc. The solid material is handled as a pressureless fluid. Strong accretion of well-coupled solid species by an $M_\mathrm{p}\lesssim 0.3\, \mathrm{ M}_\oplus$ protoplanet results in the formation of such a strongly asymmetric solid pattern close to the planet that the positive solid torque can overcome that of gas by two times. However, the accretion of solids in the pebble regime results in increased magnitude negative torque felt by protoplanets and strengthened positive torque for Earth-mass planets. For $M_\mathrm{p}\ge 3\, \mathrm{ M}_\oplus$ planets, the magnitude of the solid torque is positive, however, independent of the accretion strength investigated. We conclude that the migration of solid accreting planets can be substantially departed from the canonical type-I prediction.
Chemical fingerprints of formation in rocky super-Earths’ data
Authors: Plotnykov Mykhaylo , Valencia Diana 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
The composition of rocky exoplanets in the context of stars’ composition provides important constraints to formation theories. In this study, we select a sample of exoplanets with mass and radius measurements with an uncertainty $\lt 25{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ and obtain their interior structure. We calculate compositional markers, ratios of iron to magnesium and silicon, as well as core mass fractions (CMFs) that fit the planetary parameters, and compare them to the stars. We find four key results that successful planet formation theories need to predict: (1) In a population sense, the composition of rocky planets spans a wider range than stars. The stars’ Fe/Si distribution is close to a Gaussian distribution $1.63^{+0.91}_{-0.85}$, while the planets’ distribution peaks at lower values and has a longer tail, $1.15^{+1.43}_{-0.76}$. It is easier to see the discrepancy in CMF space, where primordial stellar composition is $0.32^{+0.14}_{-0.12}$, while rocky planets follow a broader distribution $0.24^{+0.33}_{-0.18}$. (2) We introduce uncompressed density ($\overline{\rho _0}$ at reference pressure/temperature) as a metric to compare compositions. With this, we find what seems to be the maximum iron enrichment that rocky planets attain during formation ($\overline{\rho _0}\sim 6$ and CMF ∼0.8). (3) Highly irradiated planets exhibit a large range of compositions. If these planets are the result of atmospheric evaporation, iron enrichment and perhaps depletion must happen before gas dispersal. And, (4) We identify a group of highly irradiated planets that, if rocky, would be twofold depleted in Fe/Si with respect to the stars. Without a reliable theory for forming iron-depleted planets, these are interesting targets for follow-up.
A disc reflection model for ultra-soft narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies
Authors: Jiang Jiachen , Gallo Luigi C , Fabian Andrew C , Parker Michael L , Reynolds Christopher S 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
We present a detailed analysis of the XMM–Newton observations of five narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s). They all show very soft continuum emission in the X-ray band with a photon index of Γ ≳ 2.5. Therefore, they are referred to as ‘ultra-soft’ NLS1s in this paper. By modelling their optical/UV–X-ray spectral energy distribution (SED) with a reflection-based model, we find indications that the disc surface in these ultra-soft NLS1s is in a higher ionization state than other typical Seyfert 1 AGN. Our best-fitting SED models suggest that these five ultra-soft NLS1s have an Eddington ratio of λEdd = 1–20 assuming available black hole mass measurements. In addition, our models infer that a significant fraction of the disc energy in these ultra-soft NLS1s is radiated away in the form of non-thermal emission instead of the thermal emission from the disc. Due to their extreme properties, X-ray observations of these sources in the iron band are particularly challenging. Future observations, e.g. from Athena, will enable us to have a clearer view of the spectral shape in the iron band and thus distinguish the reflection model from other interpretations of their broad-band spectra.
Radio emission from a decade old Type I superluminous supernova, PTF10hgi: comparison with FRB121102
Authors: Mondal Surajit , Bera Apurba , Chandra Poonam , Das Barnali 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
We perform a comparative study between the only radio-detected Type I superluminous supernova (SLSN) PTF10hgi, and the most active repeating fast radio burst FRB121102. This study has its root in the hypothesized FRB-SLSN connection that states that magnetars born in SLSN can power FRBs. The wide-band spectrum (0.6–15 GHz) of PTF10hgi presented here, provides strong evidence for the magnetar wind nebular origin of the radio emission. The same spectrum also enables us to make robust estimates of the radius and the magnetic field of the radio-emitting region and demonstrates that the nebula is powered by the rotational energy of the magnetar. This spectrum is then compared with that of FRB121102 which we extend down to 400 MHz using archival data. The newly added measurements put very tight constraint on the emission models of the compact persistent source associated with FRB121102. We find that while both sources can be powered by the rotational energy of the underlying magnetar, the average energy injection rate is much higher in FRB121102. Hence, we hypothesize that, if PTF10hgi is indeed emitting fast radio bursts, those will be much weaker energetically than those from FRB121102.
Return of the Big Glitcher: NICER timing and glitches of PSR J0537−6910
Authors: Ho Wynn C G , Espinoza Cristóbal M , Arzoumanian Zaven , Enoto Teruaki , Tamba Tsubasa , Antonopoulou Danai , Bejger Michał , Guillot Sebastien , Haskell Brynmor , Ray Paul S 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
PSR J0537−6910, also known as the Big Glitcher, is the most prolific glitching pulsar known, and its spin-induced pulsations are only detectable in X-ray. We present results from analysis of 2.7 yr of NICER timing observations, from 2017 August to 2020 April. We obtain a rotation phase-connected timing model for the entire time span, which overlaps with the third observing run of LIGO/Virgo, thus enabling the most sensitive gravitational wave searches of this potentially strong gravitational wave-emitting pulsar. We find that the short-term braking index between glitches decreases towards a value of 7 or lower at longer times since the preceding glitch. By combining NICER and RXTE data, we measure a long-term braking index n = −1.25 ± 0.01. Our analysis reveals eight new glitches, the first detected since 2011, near the end of RXTE, with a total NICER and RXTE glitch activity of $8.88\times 10^{-7}\, \mathrm{yr^{-1}}$. The new glitches follow the seemingly unique time-to-next-glitch–glitch-size correlation established previously using RXTE data, with a slope of $5\, \rm {d} \, \mu \mathrm{Hz}^{-1}$. For one glitch around which NICER observes 2 d on either side, we search for but do not see clear evidence of spectral nor pulse profile changes that may be associated with the glitch.
Concordance cosmology?
Authors: Park Youngsoo , Rozo Eduardo 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
We propose a new intuitive metric for evaluating the tension between two experiments, and apply it to several data sets. While our metric is non-optimal, if evidence of tension is detected, this evidence is robust and easy to interpret. Assuming a flat Lambda cold dark matter (ΛCDM) cosmological model, we find that there is a modest 2.2σ tension between the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year 1 results and the Planck measurements of the cosmic microwave background. This tension is driven by the difference between the amount of structure observed in the late-time Universe and that predicted from fitting the Planck data, and appears to be unrelated to the tension between Planck and local estimates of the Hubble rate. In particular, combining DES, baryon acoustic oscillations, big bang nucleosynthesis, and supernovae measurements recover a Hubble constant and sound horizon consistent with Planck, and in tension with local distance–ladder measurements. If the tension between these various data sets persists, it is likely that reconciling all current data will require breaking the flat ΛCDM model in at least two different ways: one involving new physics in the early Universe, and one involving new late-time Universe physics.
Seropositive PLA2R-associated membranous nephropathy but biopsy-negative PLA2R staining
Authors: Luo Jiao , Zhang Wang , Su Cailing , Zhou Zhanmei , Wang Guobao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Serum phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) antibody (SAb) and glomerular deposits of PLA2R antigen (GAg) have been tested widely in idiopathic membranous nephropathy (MN). Recently, we noticed a special form of PLA2R-associated MN with positive circulating PLA2R antibody but negative PLA2R deposits in the glomeruli by immunofluorescence on frozen tissue (IF-F). The significance of this form of PLA2R-associated MN is yet to be elucidated. This study aimed to explore the clinicopathological features of these PLA2R-associated MN patients.

Methods
This study enrolled 229 biopsy-proven PLA2R-associated MN patients with SAb+. SAb was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and GAg was detected by IF-F. These patients were divided into SAb+/GAg+ and SAb+/GAg− groups. Clinicopathological characteristics of SAb+/GAg+ and SAb+/GAg− PLA2R-associated MN patients were compared. PLA2R antigens of 19 SAb+/GAg− PLA2R-associated MN patients were verified by immunohistochemistry on paraffin tissue (IHC-P).

Results
Among 229 SAb+ PLA2R-associated MN patients, 210 (91.70%) were GAg+ and 19 (8.3%) were GAg−. These 19 SAb+/GAg− PLA2R-associated MN patients presented positive PLA2R deposits by IHC-P. Compared with SAb+/GAg+ PLA2R-associated MN patients, SAb+/GAg- PLA2R-associated MN patients had higher levels of serum PLA2R antibody (P = 0.004), increased proteinuria (P = 0.008), lower serum albumin (P = 0.019), more prominent chronic pathological lesions in terms of glomerulosclerosis score (P = 0.025), interstitial fibrosis score (P = 0.016), tubular atrophy score (P = 0.010) and total renal chronicity score (P = 0.010), and were more likely to be accompanied by focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (P = 0.014). Higher SAb level was associated with the total renal chronicity score (odds ratio per 100 RU/mL, 1.16; 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.33; P = 0.033).

Conclusions
PLA2R-associated MN patients with seropositive PLA2R antibody but negative PLA2R deposits in the glomeruli by IF-F have higher levels of SAb and worse clinicopathological manifestations compared with their double-positive counterparts. IHC-P can be an alternative technique to reveal PLA2R glomerular deposits.