bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct inversion for reservoir parameters from prestack seismic data
Authors: Zhang Fanchang , Yang Jingyang , Li Chuanhui , Li Dong , Gao Yang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Reliably estimating reservoir parameters is the final target in reservoir characterisation. Conventionally, estimating reservoir characters from seismic inversion is implemented by indirect approaches. The indirect estimation of reservoir parameters from inverted elastic parameters, however, will produce large bias due to the propagation of errors in the procedure of inversion. Therefore, directly obtaining reservoir parameters from prestack seismic data through a rock-physical model and prestack amplitude variation with offset (AVO) inversion is proposed. A generalised AVO equation in terms of oil-porosity (OP), sand indicator (SI) and density is derived by combining a physical rock model and the Aki–Richards equation in a whole system. This makes it possible to perform direct inversion for reservoir parameters. Next, under Bayesian theorem, we develop a robust prestack inversion approach based on the new AVO equation. Tests on synthetic seismic gathers show that it can dramatically reduce the prediction error of reservoir parameters. Furthermore, field data application illustrates that reliable reservoir parameters can be directly obtained from prestack inversion.
Using Geospatial Analysis to Map Forest Change in New Hampshire: 1996–Present
Authors: Grybas Heather , Congalton Russell G , Howard Andrew F 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNew Hampshire’s forests are vitally important to the state’s economy; however, there are indications that the state is experiencing a continuous loss in forest cover. We sought to investigate forest cover trends in New Hampshire. A baseline trend in forest cover between 1996 and 2010 was established using National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Coastal Change Analysis Program land cover data. A land cover map was then generated from Landsat imagery to extend the baseline trend to 2018. Results show that the state has experienced a continual decline in forest cover with the annual net loss steadily increasing from 0.14% between 1996 and 2001 to 0.27% between 2010 and 2018. Additionally, the more urbanized counties in southern New Hampshire are experiencing some of the greatest rates of net forest loss, most likely because of urbanization and agricultural expansion. This study demonstrated an effective methodology for tracking forest cover change and will hopefully inform future forest use policies.
Laparoscopic treatment of a gastro-gastric fistula after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass—report of two cases
Authors: Gaspar Joana Raquel Rodrigues , Marques Paula , Mesquita Isabel , Marcos Mário , Santos Jorge , Nogueira Carlos 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The most frequently performed bariatric surgery is the laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB). An uncommon complication of LRYGB is gastro-gastric fistula (GGF). Possible causes of GGF include incomplete transection of the stomach during the initial surgery, staple-line leaks in the post-operative period and marginal ulcers. The optimal management of GGF is still under debate, with medical, endoscopic and surgical treatment modalities available. The authors present two cases of a GGF successfully managed with a laparoscopic surgical approach, after failed medical and endoscopic treatment.
Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava: a case report
Authors: Graves Alexander , Longoria James , Graves Gregory , Ianiro Cora 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is an extremely rare malignancy with &lt;400 cases reported. We present a 42-year-old woman with a 3-day history of vague and non-specific abdominal pain. Examination revealed mild tenderness to the epigastrium and right upper quadrant with no other findings. Abdominal ultrasound was performed, which revealed a large hypoechoic mass overlying the IVC. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) was performed which revealed an 8.9 × 7.9 × 9 cm multilobulated lesion encasing the IVC. A CT-guided biopsy was performed which revealed a primary LMS of the IVC. Surgical en bloc excision was performed with an end-to-end Dacron graft for IVC reconstruction. Histopathology confirmed LMS of the vessel wall with negative surgical margins.
Survival in melanoma brain metastases in the era of novel systemic therapies
Authors: Merola Joseph P , Ocen Joanita , Kumar Satish , Powell James , Hayhurst Caroline 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Melanoma brain metastases (MBMs) have historically poor overall survival (OS). Recently introduced systemic anticancer therapies (SACTs), namely targeted therapies such as BRAF inhibitors and immunotherapy, to control advanced disease have shown improved survival. Today, increasingly aggressive strategies are sought for MBM. We review outcomes in MBM after surgery or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and the survival impact in advanced systemic disease when combined with novel anticancer therapies.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study of patients referred to a regional neuro-oncology multidisciplinary team (MDT) meeting with MBM. Demographic data, extent of systemic disease, and data on surgical and oncological management were collected, plus the use of SACT. The primary outcomes were median OS, 12- and 24-month survival, and progression-free survival.

Results
Between 2010 and 2018, 142 patients with MBM were referred. Following the introduction of SACT, the rate of referrals to MDT more than doubled from 11.6 to 25.7 patients per year. Focal brain metastasis was treated surgically in 23 (16.2%) patients and by SRS in 29 (20.4%). Fifty-six (39.4%) patients underwent palliative whole-brain radiotherapy and 34 (23.9%) did not receive treatment. Median OS was 11 months for the surgical cohort, 9 months for the SRS cohort, and increased when treatment with or without SACT was considered to 23 and 12 months, respectively.

Conclusion
In the setting of SACTs, survival in MBM is significantly improved after surgery or SRS even in patients with advanced and uncontrolled systemic disease at the time of presentation, supporting an aggressive approach to MBM management.
Antimicrobial Stewardship Practice in the Ambulatory Setting From a National Cohort
Authors: Eudy Joshua L , Pallotta Andrea M , Neuner Elizabeth A , Brummel Gretchen L , Postelnick Michael J , Schulz Lucas T , Spivak Emily S , Wrenn Rebekah H 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The majority of antimicrobial use occurs in the ambulatory setting. Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are effective in improving appropriate prescribing and are now required by accreditation bodies.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional, multicenter survey describing the current state of ambulatory ASPs in a national cohort of Vizient member hospitals with ambulatory healthcare settings and serves as a benchmark for stewardship strategies related to program effectiveness.

Results
One hundred twenty-nine survey responses from a variety of institution types across 44 states were received. Survey respondents reported a fully functioning ASP in 7% (9 of 129) of ambulatory practices compared with 88% (114 of 129) of inpatient institutions. Effectiveness in at least 1 antibiotic use-related outcome (ie, utilization, resistance, Clostridioides difficile infection, or cost) in the past 2 years was reported in 18% (18 of 100) of ambulatory and 84% (103 of 123) of inpatient ASPs. Characteristics of ambulatory ASPs demonstrating effectiveness were institution guidelines (89%, 16 of 18), rapid diagnostic testing for respiratory viruses or group A Streptococcus (89% 16 of 18), outpatient antibiograms (78% 14 of 18), and dedicated pharmacist support (72%, 13 of 18). Ambulatory ASP effectiveness was shown to increase as programs met more of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Core Elements of Outpatient Antimicrobial Stewardship (P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Antimicrobial stewardship programs are needed in the ambulatory setting, but they are not common. Currently, few ambulatory ASPs in this survey self-identify as fully functioning. The CDC Core Elements of antimicrobial stewardship should remain foundational for ASP development and expansion.
DEVELOPMENT OF NACL-BASED OPTICALLY STIMULATED LUMINESCENT PHOSPHORS FOR THE POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS IN DOSIMETRY
Authors: Gaikwad S U , Patil R R , Kulkarni M S , Dudhe C M , Moharil S V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
New highly sensitive optically stimulated luminescent phosphors with NaCl moiety and dopants Ca,Cu,P/Mg,Cu,P are developed. These phosphors show very high optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) sensitivity. The dose response for NaCl:Ca,Cu,P is linear up to 1.2 Gy and for NaCl:Mg,Cu,P is slightly sub linear from 0.2 Gy. These phosphors show 30% fading during first 4 and later signal gets stabilised with no further signal loss. These sensitive phosphors will find applications in radiation dosimetry using OSL.
Advances in engineering CRISPR-Cas9 as a molecular Swiss Army knife
Authors: Meaker Grace A , Hair Emma J , Gorochowski Thomas E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The RNA-guided endonuclease system CRISPR-Cas9 has been extensively modified since its discovery, allowing its capabilities to extend far beyond double-stranded cleavage to high fidelity insertions, deletions and single base edits. Such innovations have been possible due to the modular architecture of CRISPR-Cas9 and the robustness of its component parts to modifications and the fusion of new functional elements. Here, we review the broad toolkit of CRISPR-Cas9-based systems now available for diverse genome-editing tasks. We provide an overview of their core molecular structure and mechanism and distil the design principles used to engineer their diverse functionalities. We end by looking beyond the biochemistry and toward the societal and ethical challenges that these CRISPR-Cas9 systems face if their transformative capabilities are to be deployed in a safe and acceptable manner.
Predictors of engagement in an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy program for veterans with chronic low back pain
Authors: Solar Chelsey , Halat Allison M , MacLean R Ross , Rajeevan Haseena , Williams David A , Krein Sarah L , Heapy Alicia A , Bair Matthew J , Kerns Robert D , Higgins Diana M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Internet-based interventions for chronic pain have demonstrated efficacy and may address access barriers to care. Participant characteristics have been shown to affect engagement with these programs; however, limited information is available about the relationship between participant characteristics and engagement with internet-based programs for self-management of chronic pain. The current study examined relationships between demographic and clinical characteristics and engagement with the Pain EASE program, a self-directed, internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy intervention for veterans with chronic low back pain (cLBP). Veterans with cLBP were enrolled in a 10 week trial of the Pain EASE program. Engagement measures included the number of logins, access to coping skill modules, and completed study staff-initiated weekly check-in calls. Regression analyses were conducted to identify significant predictors of engagement from hypothesized predictors (e.g., race/ethnicity, age, depressive symptom severity, and pain interference). Participants (N = 58) were 93% male, 60.3% identified as White, and had a mean age of 54.5 years. Participants logged into the program a median of 3.5 times, accessed a median of 2 skill modules, and attended a median of 6 check-in calls. Quantile regression revealed that, at the 50th percentile, non-White-identified participants accessed fewer modules than White-identified participants (p = .019). Increased age was associated with increased module use (p = .001). No clinical characteristics were significantly associated with engagement measures. White-identified race/ethnicity and increased age were associated with greater engagement with the Pain EASE program. Results highlight the importance of defining and increasing engagement in internet-delivered pain care.
Behavioral medicine challenges in the shadow of a global pandemic
Authors: Brooks Alyssa T , Allen Hannah K , Thornton Louise , Trevorrow Tracy 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Health behavior researchers should refocus and retool as it becomes increasingly clear that the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic surpass the direct effects of COVID-19 and include unique, drastic, and ubiquitous consequences for health behavior. The circumstances of the pandemic have created a natural experiment, allowing researchers focusing on a wide range of health behaviors and populations with the opportunity to use previously collected and future data to study: (a) changes in health behavior prepandemic and postpandemic, (b) health behavior prevalence and needs amidst the pandemic, and (c) the effects of the pandemic on short- and long-term health behavior. Our field is particularly challenged as we attempt to consider biopsychosocial, political, and environmental factors that affect health and health behavior. These realities, while daunting, should call us to action to refocus and retool our research, prevention, and intervention efforts
Combined 3-dimensional printing model and 3-dimensional fluoroscopic navigation to assist C2 pedicle screw insertion
Authors: Xu Hao-Tian , Zheng Shuang , Dong Rong-Peng , Yu Tong , Zhao Jian-Wu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
The misplaced cervical screw can cause catastrophic surgical complications, such as nerve root damage, vertebral artery compromise, spinal cord injury, and even paraplegia. Thus, the present study aims to describe a novel technique of 3-dimensional printing model (3DPM) combined with 3-dimensional fluoroscopic navigation (3DFN) to facilitate C2 pedicle screw insertion.

Patient concerns:
A 56-year-old male patient presented hypoesthesia of the trunk and extremities, accompanied by a walking disorder.

Diagnoses:
Congenital atlantoaxial malformation with atlantoaxial dislocation.

Interventions:
He underwent an occipital cervical fusion. We used 3DPM and 3DFN technology to guide C2 pedicle screws insertion.

Outcomes:
We inserted 2 pedicle screws and 4 lateral mass screws using the combined 3DPM and 3DFN technology. All screws were classified as excellent position postoperatively. The surgical duration, total fluoroscopic time, and the bleeding volume were 258 minutes, 3.9 minutes, and 237 mL, respectively. No surgical complications, such as neurological compromise, nonunion, dysphagia, infection, polypnea, fixation failure, pseudarthrosis formation, or revision surgery, were observed. The follow-up duration lasted 30 months.

Lessons:
The combination of 3DPM and 3DFN to promote C2 pedicle screws implantation is a safe, accurate, reliable, and useful technology, which can achieve an excellent therapeutic effect and avoid surgical complications. However, using the 3DPM and 3DFN technology may increase the financial burden of patients.
Use of steroids to treat anti-tumor necrosis factor α induced tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
Authors: Nabeya Daijiro , Kinjo Takeshi , Yamaniha Kazutaka , Yamazato Shoshin , Tome Reo , Miyagi Kazuya , Nakamura Hideta , Kinjo Tetsu , Haranaga Shusaku , Higa Futoshi , Fujita Jiro 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Individuals with tuberculosis (TB) who are being treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor α (anti-TNFα) for coexisting conditions may experience unexpected exacerbations of TB after the initiation of antituberculous therapy, so-called anti-TNFα-induced TB-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (anti-TNFα-induced TB-IRIS). Anti-TNFα-induced TB-IRIS is often treated empirically with corticosteroids; however, the evidence of the effectiveness of corticosteroids is lacking and the management can be a challenge.

Patient concerns:
A 32-year-old man on long-term infliximab therapy for Crohn disease visited a clinic complaining of persistent fever and cough that had started 1 week previously. His most recent infliximab injection had been administered 14 days before the visit. A chest X-ray revealed a left pleural effusion, and he was admitted to a local hospital.

Diagnosis:
A chest computed tomography (CT) scan revealed miliary pulmonary nodules; acid-fast bacilli were found in a sputum smear and a urine sediment sample; and polymerase chain reaction confirmed the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in both his sputum and the pleural effusion. He was diagnosed with miliary TB.

Interventions:
Antituberculous therapy was started and he was transferred to our hospital for further management. His symptoms initially improved after the initiation of antituberculous therapy, but 2 weeks later, his symptoms recurred and shadows on chest X-ray worsened. A repeat chest CT scan revealed enlarged miliary pulmonary nodules, extensive ground-glass opacities, and an increased volume of his pleural effusion. This paradoxical exacerbation was diagnosed as TB-IRIS associated with infliximab. A moderate-dose of systemic corticosteroid was initiated [prednisolone 25 mg/day (0.5 mg/kg/day)].

Outcomes:
After starting corticosteroid treatment, his radiological findings improved immediately, and his fever and cough disappeared within a few days. After discharge, prednisolone was tapered off over the course of 10 weeks, and he completed a 9-month course of antituberculous therapy uneventfully. He had not restarted infliximab at his most recent follow-up 14 months later.

Conclusion:
We successfully managed a patient with anti-TNFα-induced TB-IRIS using moderate-dose corticosteroids. Due to the limited evidence currently available, physicians should consider the necessity, dosage, and duration of corticosteroids for each case of anti-TNFα-induced TB-IRIS on an individual patient-by-patient basis.
Psychological impact of high-quality nursing care on patients with esophageal cancer during perioperative period
Authors: Liu Xiu-yu , Jiao Chuan-hua , Zhao Dan , Chen Yan , Zhang Hong-mei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background:
This study is designed to systematically assess the psychological impact of high-quality nursing care (HQNC) on patients with esophageal cancer during perioperative period (ECPP).

Methods:
Several electronic databases will be searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or case-control studies (CCSs) on HQNC in the management of ECPP from inception to present: Cochrane Library, PUBMED, EMBASE, SinoMed, Web of Science, WANGFANG, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. We will not apply any language limitation to all literature searches. Two authors will independently perform literature selection, data extraction and literature quality evaluation. All disagreements will be resolved by a third author through discussion. Cochrane risk of bias tool will be employed to assess trial quality, and RevMan 5.3 software will be utilized to carry out statistical analysis.

Results:
This study will summarize the current evidence to appraise of the psychological impact of HQNC in the management of ECPP.

Conclusion:
The findings of this study may help to explicit whether HQNC is effective on psychological problem in ECPP. It will also provide scientific evidence for the clinical practice and future researches.

Study registration:
INPLASY202080071.
Vici syndrome with pathogenic homozygous EPG5 gene mutation
Authors: Abidi Kamal T. , Kamal Naglaa M. , Bakkar Ayman A. , Almarri Saad , Abdullah Rehab , Alsufyani Maram , Alharbi Arwa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRationale:Vici syndrome (VICIS) is a rare, autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder with multisystem involvement characterized by agenesis of the corpus callosum, congenital cataracts, cardiomyopathy, combined immunodeficiency, significant developmental delay, and hypopigmentation and in some cases loss of hearing. It is caused by mutations in Ectopic P-granules protein 5 gene, which is responsible for regulating autophagy activity.Patient concern:We report a 6-month-old Saudi female patient who was the second-born baby of first cousins. She was born by normal spontaneous vertex vaginal delivery. Parents noticed that she had global developmental delay and recurrent hospital admissions due to chest infections.Diagnosis:Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed brain atrophy with corpus callosum agenesis. Ophthalmology examination revealed bilateral congenital cataract. Molecular genetic testing identified the pathogenic homozygous variant c.4751T>A p. (Leu1584∗) on exon 27 of the EPG5 gene and confirmed the diagnosis of Vici syndrome.Interventions:Supportive multidisciplinary care plan was initiated to this untreatable syndrome.Outcomes:The patient died at the age of 6 months due to sepsis with uncompensated septic shock.Lessons:VICIS is a rare untreatable disorder with worldwide distribution. High index of suspicion is needed to diagnose it and family genetic counselling is crucial.
Association between frailty and vitamin B12 in the older Korean population
Authors: Soh Yunsoo , Won Chang Won 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Frailty is a common geriatric condition due to aging and defined as a decline in strength and a decrease in the physiologic ability to maintain the homeostasis. Vitamin B12 (B12), water-soluble vitamins, are a cofactor in DNA synthesis and involved in the metabolism of every cell in the human body, including the central nervous system. Demyelination neuromuscular symptoms observed in the peripheral nervous system, along with signs of significant damage to nerve fibers, often cause weakness, numbness in distal limbs, impaired balance, gait ataxia, and even physical frailty. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between frailty and B12 level in community-dwelling Korean older adults.
Using the data from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study, 2938 participants (1400 men and 1538 women) were recruited in this study. To evaluate frailty, we compared the frail group and not-frail group based on the modified Korean version of the cardiovascular health study frailty index developed by Fried. SARC-F is used to screen for sarcopenia. The short physical performance battery (SPPB) timed up and go (TUG) test and activities-specific balance confidence scale used to evaluate the physical function and fall risk of participants. B12 concentrations were classified into clinically relevant categories: insufficient (<350 pg/mL) and sufficient (≥350 pg/mL). Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between frailty and B12 levels.
The mean age of the frail group was 77.8 (standard deviation = 3.7) years, while that of the not-frail group was 76.7 (SD = 4.0); of which the frail group's mean age was significantly high. In the unadjusted model, frailty was highly prevalent in the B12 insufficient group (odds ratio = 1.298). In the model fully adjusted for demographic data and comorbidities, these associations were attenuated. The B12 sufficiency group showed better total SPPB and TUG test scores. However, they were not statistically significant in the fully adjusted model.
In this cross-sectional study, low B12 increased the incidence of frailty and affected physical performance, but it does not increase the incidence of frailty when considering the confounding factors. Frailty is caused by several factors rather than 1 factor, and B12 is one of these factors.