bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Dose of the day” based on cone beam computed tomography and deformable image registration for lung cancer radiotherapy
Authors: Yuan Zilong , Rong Yi , Benedict Stanley H. , Daly Megan E. , Qiu Jianfeng , Yamamoto Tokihiro 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeAdaptive radiotherapy (ART) has potential to reduce toxicity and facilitate safe dose escalation. Dose calculations with the planning CT deformed to cone beam CT (CBCT) have shown promise for estimating the “dose of the day”. The purpose of this study is to investigate the “dose of the day” calculation accuracy based on CBCT and deformable image registration (DIR) for lung cancer radiotherapy.MethodsA total of 12 lung cancer patients were identified, for which daily CBCT imaging was performed for treatment positioning. A re‐planning CT (rCT) was acquired after 20 Gy for all patients. A virtual CT (vCT) was created by deforming initial planning CT (pCT) to the simulated CBCT that was generated from deforming CBCT to rCT acquired on the same day. Treatment beams from the initial plan were copied to the vCT and rCT for dose calculation. Dosimetric agreement between vCT‐based and rCT‐based accumulated doses was evaluated using the Bland‐Altman analysis.ResultsMean differences in dose‐volume metrics between vCT and rCT were smaller than 1.5%, and most discrepancies fell within the range of ± 5% for the target volume, lung, esophagus, and heart. For spinal cord Dmax, a large mean difference of −5.55% was observed, which was largely attributed to very limited CBCT image quality (e.g., truncation artifacts).ConclusionThis study demonstrated a reasonable agreement in dose‐volume metrics between dose accumulation based on vCT and rCT, with the exception for cases with poor CBCT image quality. These findings suggest potential utility of vCT for providing a reasonable estimate of the “dose of the day”, and thus facilitating the process of ART for lung cancer.
Atomic‐Level Passivation of Individual Upconversion Nanocrystal for Single Particle Microscopic Imaging
Authors: Min Qiuhong , Lei Jing , Guo Xin , Wang Ting , Yang Qihua , Zhou Dacheng , Yu Xue , Yu Siu Fung , Qiu Jianbei , Zhan Qiuqiang , Xu Xuhui 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLanthanide‐doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have significant applications for single‐molecule probes and high‐resolution display. However, one of their major hurdles is the weak luminescence, and this remains a grand challenge to achieve at the single‐particle level. Here, 484‐fold luminescence enhancement in LuF3:Yb3+, Er3+ rhombic flake UCNPs is achieved, thanks to the Yb3+‐mediated local photothermal effect, and their original morphology, size, and good dispersibility are well preserved. These data show that the surface atomic structure of UCNPs as well as transfer from amorphous to ordered crystal structure is modulated by making use of the local photothermal conversion that is generated by the directional absorption of 980 nm light by Yb3+ ions. The confocal luminescence images obtained by super‐resolution stimulated emission depletion also show the great enhancement of individual LuF3:Yb3+, Er3+ nanoparticles; the high signal‐to‐noise ratio images indicate that the laser treatment technology opens the door for single particle imaging and practical application.
Cellulose Silica Hybrid Nanofiber Aerogels: From Sol–Gel Electrospun Nanofibers to Multifunctional Aerogels
Authors: Pirzada Tahira , Ashrafi Zahra , Xie Wenyi , Khan Saad A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAerogels are considered ideal candidates for various applications, because of their low bulk density, highly porous nature, and functional performance. However, the time intensive nature of the complex fabrication process limits their potential application in various fields. Recently, incorporation of a fibrous network has resulted in production of aerogels with improved properties and functionalities. A facile approach is presented to fabricate hybrid sol–gel electrospun silica‐cellulose diacetate (CDA)‐based nanofibers to generate thermally and mechanically stable nanofiber aerogels. Thermal treatment results in gluing the silica‐CDA network strongly together thereby enhancing aerogel mechanical stability and hydrophobicity without compromising their highly porous nature (>98%) and low bulk density (≈10 mg cm−3). X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and in situ Fourier‐transform infrared studies demonstrate the development of strong bonds between silica and the CDA network, which result in the fabrication of cross‐linked structure responsible for their mechanical and thermal robustness and enhanced affinity for oils. Superhydrophobic nature and high oleophilicity of the hybrid aerogels enable them to be ideal candidates for oil spill cleaning, while their flame retardancy and low thermal conductivity can be explored in various applications requiring stability at high temperatures.
Gelatin Templated Polypeptide Co‐Cross‐Linked Hydrogel for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Qiao Yusen , Liu Xingzhi , Zhou Xichao , Zhang Hongbo , Zhang Wen , Xiao Wei , Pan Guoqing , Cui Wenguo , Santos Hélder A. , Shi Qin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPolypeptides with short chains of amino acid monomers have been widely applied in the clinic because of their various biological functions. However, the easily‐inactivated characteristics and burst releasing of the peptides limit their application in vivo. Here, a novel osteogenic polypeptide hydrogel (GelMA‐c‐OGP) is created by co‐cross‐linking template photo‐cross‐linked gelatin (GelMA) with photo‐cross‐linkable osteogenic growth peptides (OGP) using ultraviolet radiation. GelMA enables the formation of hydrogel with photo‐cross‐linkable OGP with good mechanical properties and also promotes bone regeneration. GelMA‐c‐OGP hydrogel accelerates the bone formation procedure of osteogenic precursor cells by significantly enhancing the expression of osteogenic‐related genes BMP‐2, OCN, and OPN, and increasing the precipitation of calcium salts in osteoblasts. Similarly, GelMA‐c‐OGP hydrogel promotes bone regeneration in vivo. Furthermore, it is observed that more collagen fibers connect cortical bones in the GelMA‐c‐OGP implanted group than the control group by hematoxylin‐eosin and immunohistochemical staining of Collagen I and TGF‐β. The co‐cross‐linked OGP polypeptide converts from liquid to solid hydrogel with transient UV light in situ, which also can strengthen the mechanical property of the defect bone and avoid burst osteogenic peptide, releasing during the bone defect healing period. Overall, this hydrogel delivering system has a significant impact on bone defect healing compared with traditional methods.
Subtle Molecular Tailoring Induces Significant Morphology Optimization Enabling over 16% Efficiency Organic Solar Cells with Efficient Charge Generation
Authors: Zhou Zichun , Liu Wenrui , Zhou Guanqing , Zhang Ming , Qian Deping , Zhang Jianyun , Chen Shanshan , Xu Shengjie , Yang Changduk , Gao Feng , Zhu Haiming , Liu Feng , Zhu Xiaozhang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractManipulating charge generation in a broad spectral region has proved to be crucial for nonfullerene‐electron‐acceptor‐based organic solar cells (OSCs). 16.64% high efficiency binary OSCs are achieved through the use of a novel electron acceptor AQx‐2 with quinoxaline‐containing fused core and PBDB‐TF as donor. The significant increase in photovoltaic performance of AQx‐2 based devices is obtained merely by a subtle tailoring in molecular structure of its analogue AQx‐1. Combining the detailed morphology and transient absorption spectroscopy analyses, a good structure–morphology–property relationship is established. The stronger π–π interaction results in efficient electron hopping and balanced electron and hole mobilities attributed to good charge transport. Moreover, the reduced phase separation morphology of AQx‐2‐based bulk heterojunction blend boosts hole transfer and suppresses geminate recombination. Such success in molecule design and precise morphology optimization may lead to next‐generation high‐performance OSCs.
Porous Strained Pt Nanostructured Thin‐Film Electrocatalysts via Dealloying for PEM Fuel Cells
Authors: Hwang Chang‐Kyu , Kim Jong Min , Hwang Sehoon , Kim Joo‐Hyung , Sung Chang Hyun , Moon Byung‐Moo , Chae Keun Hwa , Singh Jitendra Pal , Kim Seung‐Hoon , Jang Seung Soon , Lee Seung Woo , Ham Hyung Chul , Han Seunghee , Kim Jin Young 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe exploitation of state‐of‐the‐art Pt/C electrocatalysts for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is mostly limited, due to high Pt loading and durability issues caused by electrochemical instability of the carbon support in high potential regimes. In this study, the authors report that high‐compressive 3D Pt nanostructured thin films can considerably increase the catalytic activity and electrochemical durability of electrocatalysts under PEMFC device operating conditions. The nanostructure fabrication relies on the dealloying or selective leaching of solid alloys of Pt–C binary film to produce a residual 3D nanoporous thin‐film structure. A very rich structural behavior from the dealloying is shown, in which stress relief plays a governing role; the films possess a 3D structure of randomly interpenetrating ligaments and hierarchical pores with sizes between less than 50 nm and several tens of micrometers. In addition, a significant change is observed in the average lattice constant (1.55% compressive strain), which can tune the structural and electronic states of catalytic sites for enhancing the activity of the Pt electrocatalysts. Electrochemical performance of the fabricated porous strained Pt thin‐film electrocatalysts in both half‐cell and single‐cell analyses has demonstrated activity and durability superior to benchmark carbon support Pt catalysts.
Highly Efficient Sunlight‐Driven Seawater Splitting in a Photoelectrochemical Cell with Chlorine Evolved at Nanostructured WO3 Photoanode and Hydrogen Stored as Hydride within Metallic Cathode
Authors: Jadwiszczak Michal , Jakubow‐Piotrowska Katarzyna , Kedzierzawski Piotr , Bienkowski Krzysztof , Augustynski Jan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA seawater splitting photoelectrochemical cell featuring a nanostructured tungsten trioxide photoanode that exhibits very high and stable photocurrents producing chlorine with average 70% Faradaic efficiency is described. Fabrication of the WO3 electrodes on fluorine‐doped tin oxide substrates involves a simple solution‐based method and sequential layer‐by‐layer deposition with a progressively adjusted amount of structure‐directing agent in the precursor and a two‐step annealing. Such a procedure allows tailoring of thick, highly porous, structurally stable WO3 films with a large internal photoactive surface area optimizing utilization of visible light wavelengths by the photoanode. With the application of an anodic potential of 0.76 V versus Ag/AgCl reference electrode (0.4 V below the thermodynamic Cl2/Cl− potential) in synthetic seawater, the designed WO3 photoanodes irradiated with simulated 1 sun AM 1.5G light reach currents exceeding 4.5 mA cm−2. Photocurrents close to 5 mA cm−2 are attained in the case of fresh water splitting using 1 m methane–sulfonic acid supporting electrolyte with oxygen evolved at the WO3 photoanode. The amount of formed hydrogen is determined by discharging the palladium sheet electrode employed as a cathode. Collection of hydrogen in the form of a hydride opens, more generally, the prospect of subsequently using such materials as anodes in batteries employing oxygen reduction cathodes.
Follicular lymphoma: 2020 update on diagnosis and management
Authors: Freedman Arnold , Jacobsen Eric 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDisease overviewFollicular lymphoma (FL) is generally an indolent B cell lymphoproliferative disorder of transformed follicular center B cells. Follicular lymphoma is characterized by diffuse lymphadenopathy, bone marrow involvement, and splenomegaly. Extranodal involvement is less common. Cytopenias are relatively common but constitutional symptoms of fever, night sweats, and weight loss are uncommon in the absence of transformation to diffuse large B cell lymphoma.DiagnosisThe diagnosis is based on histology from a biopsy of a lymph node or other affected tissue. Incisional biopsy is preferred over needle biopsies in order to give adequate tissue to assign grade and assess for transformation. Immunohistochemical staining is positive in virtually all cases for cell surface CD19, CD20, CD10 and monoclonal immunoglobulin, as well as cytoplasmic expression of bcl‐2 protein. The overwhelming majority of cases have the characteristic t(14;18) translocation involving the IgH/bcl‐2 genes.Risk stratificationThe Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) uses five independent predictors of inferior survival: age > 60 years, hemoglobin <12 g/dL, serum LDH > normal, Ann Arbor stage III/IV, number of involved nodal areas >4. The presence of 0‐1, 2, and ≥ 3 adverse factors defines low, intermediate, and high‐risk disease. There are other clinical prognostic models but the FLIPI remains the most common. Other factors such as time to relapse of less than 2 years from chemoimmunotherapy and specific gene mutations may also be useful for prognosis. Regardless of the prognostic model used, modern therapies have demonstrably improved prognosis.Risk‐adapted therapyObservation continues to be appropriate for asymptomatic patients with low bulk disease and no cytopenias. There is no overall survival advantage for early treatment with either chemotherapy or single agent rituximab. For patients needing therapy, most patients are treated with chemoimmunotherapy, which has improved response rates, duration of response and overall survival (OS). Randomized studies have shown additional benefit for maintenance rituximab. Lenalidomide was non‐inferior to chemoimmunotherapy in a randomized front‐line study and, when combined with rituximab, was superior to rituximab alone in relapsed FL. Kinase inhibitors, other immunotherapies, and stem cell transplantation (SCT) are also considered for recurrent disease.
Real‐time hemodynamic effects of 1:100,000 and 1:200,000 injectable epinephrine and placement of topical 1:1000 epinephrine pledgets in patients undergoing endoscopic sinus and skull‐base surgery: a randomized, prospective study
Authors: Ahmed Omar G. , Yu Justin , Choi Jonathan S. , Yim Michael T. , Yoshor Daniel , Takashima Masayoshi 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundIntranasal injection of epinephrine and placement of topical epinephrine pledgets are methods to improve visualization during endoscopic sinonasal surgery. Studies comparing the hemodynamic effects of these vasoconstrictors using intraoperative arterial line monitoring are lacking.MethodsTwenty‐eight patients undergoing endoscopic skull‐base surgery were enrolled in a prospective, randomized study. Patients were randomized to have either 2 mL of 1:100,000 or 2 mL of 1:200,000 epinephrine injected intranasally. Hemodynamic parameters, including pulse, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP), were collected using intraoperative arterial line monitoring for 5 minutes. Afterward, 1:1000 topical epinephrine‐soaked pledgets were placed in both groups, and the same parameters were collected for another 5 minutes.ResultsThere was no statistical difference in change in pulse, SBP, DBP, and MAP between the 1:100,000 and 1:200,000 epinephrine groups. However, epinephrine injections did cause an increase in all hemodynamic parameters when compared with baseline (p < 0.05). Topical epinephrine pledgets placed after injection of epinephrine did not have any significant hemodynamic effects, except for 2 of 28 patients who had a >75‐mmHg increase in SBP. No preoperative characteristics were identified that predicted sensitivity to epinephrine.ConclusionThere is no statistical difference in changes in hemodynamic parameters between injecting epinephrine 1:100,000 compared with 1:200,000 during endoscopic sinonasal surgery. In a subset of patients, placement of topical 1:1000 epinephrine pledgets had significant hemodynamic elevation requiring intervention and thus should be used judiciously depending on patient comorbidities.
A Supramolecular Stabilizer of the 14‐3‐3ζ/ERα Protein‐Protein Interaction with a Synergistic Mode of Action
Authors: Gigante Alba , Sijbesma Eline , Sánchez‐Murcia Pedro A. , Hu Xiaoyu , Bier David , Bäcker Sandra , Knauer Shirley , Gago Federico , Ottmann Christian , Schmuck Carsten 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe report on a stabilizer of the interaction between 14‐3‐3ζ and the Estrogen Receptor alpha (ERα). ERα is a driver in the majority of breast cancers and 14‐3‐3 proteins are negative regulators of this nuclear receptor, making the stabilization of this protein‐protein interaction (PPI) an interesting strategy. The stabilizer (1) consists of three symmetric peptidic arms containing an arginine mimetic, previously described as the GCP motif. 1 stabilizes the 14‐3‐3ζ/ERα interaction synergistically with the natural product Fusicoccin‐A and was thus hypothesized to bind to a different site. This is supported by computational analysis of 1 binding to the binary complex of 14‐3‐3 and an ERα‐derived phosphopeptide. Furthermore, 1 shows selectivity towards 14‐3‐3ζ/ERα interaction over other 14‐3‐3 client‐derived phosphomotifs. These data provide a solid support of a new binding mode for a supramolecular 14‐3‐3ζ/ERα PPI stabilizer.
Phosphanylalanes and Phosphanylgallanes Stabilized only by a Lewis Base
Authors: Weinhart Michael A. K. , Lisovenko Anna S. , Timoshkin Alexey Y. , Scheer Manfred 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of the first parent phosphanylalane and phosphanylgallane stabilized only by a Lewis base (LB) are reported. The corresponding substituted compounds, such as IDipp⋅GaH2PCy2 (1) (IDipp=1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐imidazolin‐2‐ylidene) were obtained by the reaction of LiPCy2 with IDipp⋅GaH2Cl. However, the LB‐stabilized parent compounds IDipp⋅GaH2PH2 (3) and IDipp⋅AlH2PH2 (4) were prepared via a salt metathesis of LiPH2⋅DME with IDipp⋅E′H2Cl (E′=Ga, Al) or by H2‐elimination reactions of IDipp⋅E′H3 (E′=Ga, Al) and PH3, respectively. The compounds could be isolated as crystalline solids and completely characterized. Supporting DFT computations gave insight into the reaction pathways as well as into the stability of these compounds with respect to their decomposition behavior.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Photoenolization/Diels–Alder Reaction of Acid Fluorides
Authors: Mavroskoufis Andreas , Rajes Keerthana , Golz Paul , Agrawal Arush , Ruß Vincent , Götze Jan P. , Hopkinson Matthew N. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe combination of light activation and N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organocatalysis has enabled the use of acid fluorides as substrates in a UVA‐light‐mediated photochemical transformation previously observed only with aromatic aldehydes and ketones. Stoichiometric studies and TD‐DFT calculations support a mechanism involving the photoactivation of an ortho‐toluoyl azolium intermediate, which exhibits “ketone‐like” photochemical reactivity under UVA irradiation. Using this photo‐NHC catalysis approach, a novel photoenolization/Diels–Alder (PEDA) process was developed that leads to diverse isochroman‐1‐one derivatives.
Structural phase transition, electrical and semiconducting properties in a lead‐free 2D hybrid perovskite‐like compound: [Cl‐(CH2)2‐NH3]2[CuCl4]
Authors: Hajlaoui Fadhel , Audebrand Nathalie , Roisnel Thierry , Zouari Nabil 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA new layered perovskite‐type organic–inorganic hybrid compound: [Cl‐(CH2)2‐NH3]2[CuCl4] (1), in which 2‐chloroethylammonium cation occupies the space enclosed by the CuCl6 octahedra, has been successfully synthesized. It is found that the compound exhibits the semiconducting properties with the optical band gap equal to 1.98 eV, confirmed by AC conductivity measurements, which varies between 10−5 and 10−4 Ω−1 m−1. Also, the low activation energy at low temperatures (0.26 eV) can indicate the electronic conduction of this material. Compound (1) displays phase transitions at T1 = 281 K and T2 = 380 K, confirmed by DSC, electrical and dielectric measurements. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data at variable temperatures reveal that symmetry‐breaking occurs from P21/c (at 296 K ˃ T1) to P‐1 (at 150 K ˂ T1), originating directly from the [Cl‐(CH2)2‐NH3]+ cation conformational changes and the distortions of CuCl64− octahedra caused by the Jahn‐Teller effect in the inorganic layers. Meanwhile, organic 2‐chloroethylammonium moieties display some boat‐like conformation below T1, which transforms to a chair‐like structure above T1. This study paves the pathway to explore new lead‐free hybrid perovskites with targeted properties for thermoelectric, supercapacitors, batteries, environmentally friendly processing and semiconductor applications.
Multifunctional temperature‐responsive polymers as advanced biomaterials and beyond
Authors: Frazar E. Molly , Shah Rishabh A. , Dziubla Thomas D. , Hilt J. Zach 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTThe versatility and applicability of thermoresponsive polymeric systems have led to great interest and a multitude of publications. Of particular significance, multifunctional poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) systems based on PNIPAAm copolymerized with various functional comonomers or based on PNIPAAm combined with nanomaterials exhibiting unique properties. These multifunctional PNIPAAm systems have revolutionized several biomedical fields such as controlled drug delivery, tissue engineering, self‐healing materials, and beyond (e.g., environmental treatment applications). Here, we review these multifunctional PNIPAAm‐based systems with various cofunctionalities, as well as highlight their unique applications. For instance, addition of hydrophilic or hydrophobic comonomers can allow for polymer lower critical solution temperature modification, which is especially helpful for physiological applications. Natural comonomers with desirable functionalities have also drawn significant attention as pressure surmounts to develop greener, more sustainable materials. Typically, these systems also tend to be more biocompatible and biodegradable and can be advantageous for use in biopharmaceutical and environmental applications. PNIPAAm‐based polymeric nanocomposites are reviewed as well, where incorporation of inorganic or carbon nanomaterials creates synergistic systems that tend to be more robust and widely applicable than the individual components. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48770.
Synthesis of poly(phenylene methylenes) via a AlCl3‐mediated Friedel–Craft alkylation of multi‐substituted benzyl bromide with benzene
Authors: Teng Dao‐Guang , Wei Xian‐Yong , Yang Zheng , Zhu Qing‐Jiang , Gao Hua‐Shuai , Li Jia‐Hao , Zhang Min , Zong Zhi‐Min , Kang Yv‐Hong 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTA facile AlCl3‐mediated Friedel–Craft alkylation between a multi‐substituted benzyl bromide and benzene is established, in which a wide set of poly(phenylene methylenes) (MMSs) are synthesized through a two‐step strategy under metal‐free conditions with high yields (slightly lower than theoretical yields). The resulting MMSs, characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis, gel permeation chromatography, UV–vis and fluorescence spectrometry, feature large molecular mass, outstanding fluorescence, and excellent thermal/chemical stabilities. Moreover, a gram‐scale reaction was carried out under the standard conditions to produce MMSs, exhibiting a promising potential application in industrial practice. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48779.