bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Level of stress, factors associated with stress and coping strategies among advanced level students attending tuition classes in a selected educational zone in Sri Lanka
Authors: Athukorale Uthpalee P. , Balasooriya Naduni A. P. , Jayasinghe Pradeesha L. S. , Nagawegedara Pavithri M. , Ranasinghe Chamini Y. , Perera Ramani , Goonewardena Sampatha E. 
Published: July 2020

Background: Advanced level is a challenging examination due to the limitation of University entrance opportunities leading to high level of stress. Several issues have affected them irrespective of the stream of study, for which they tend to adapt different coping strategies. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the level of stress, factors associated with stress and coping strategies among advanced level (A/L) students attending tuition classes in selected Educational zone, Sri Lanka.Methods: A descriptive cross- sectional study was conducted among 364 A/L students aged between 17-20 years attending a selected tuition class. Self-administered questionnaire was used with 35 item coping strategy check list and DASS-21, both tools were pretested and validated in Sri Lanka. Data was analysed using SPSS 15.0 software.Results: Vastness of the A/L curriculum was a significant stress factor between males and females (p=0.001). Stress of getting lower grades and poor time management were higher among females (p=0.027, p=0.003). Males reported change in sexual habits (p=0.003) and alcohol /cigarette use (p=0.001). Lack of vacation and fear of academic failure were the most common physical and emotional stressors respectively. Seeking advice from a trusted person, being with others, blaming themselves for the situation, engaging in religious activities, listening to music, constantly thinking about the problem and crying to self were common coping strategies adopted by females. Immediate problem solving and consuming alcohol/ drugs were common coping strategies by males.Conclusions: Males had more social and physical stress associated factors whereas females had academic and emotional stressors. Different methods of coping strategies were adopted by males and females.
The demographical analysis of COVID-19 in the South western province of Pakistan, an approach to analysing its low mortality rates
Authors: Zarak Muhammad Samsoor , Arshad Zara , Khan Sarmad Saeed , Nithikathkul Choosak 
Published: July 2020

Background: COVID-19 cases are exponentially surging around the globe. At the time of study, Pakistan had 7,993 cases and 159 deaths. Out of these positive cases, 432 cases were from Baluchistan. Baluchistan being the South western province of Pakistan; is the basin of the first contact of the virus in Pakistan.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted where data was included from the very first tested case up till 19th April 2020. A total data of 432 patients were acquired and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: The proportion of males was 308 (71.3%), belonging to the middle age group 21-30 years (23.4%, n=101). Contrary to popular belief, 60.6% (n=262) of these cases had been infected by local spread, while only 28.9% (n=125) were pilgrims (Zaireen) returning from Iran. Moreover, 146 (33.8%) cases have been reported in just the last five days of acquired data. Quetta and Loralai have displayed the highest COVID-19 attack rate of 14 among all the other districts. Furthermore, the mortality rate was 1.15% and all cases were of age above 40 years.Conclusions: There has been a rapid surge in several cases in Baluchistan, as portrayed herein. While this study depicts a fair picture of the COVID-19 demographic trend, the study has clear indications for the provincial, local spread that have been realized by this data along with a spike in cases in the last few days, which is maybe due to non-compliance to physical distancing rules.
Assessment of knowledge and practices of urban population regarding COVID-19: a cross-sectional study in Bikaner, Rajasthan
Authors: Pareek Shatrughan , Kaushik Narendra Kumar , Verma Diwakar , Pareek Anupam , Ramawat Yashawant , Kumawat Nitesh , Kumar Nitesh , Kumawat Suman 
Published: July 2020

Background: Corona virus disease (COVID-19) is declared pandemic by the WHO. It is a very contagious disease. The global mortality rate of Corona virus disease is around 3.1%. The study was conducted with aim to assess the knowledge and practices towards Corona virus disease among urban population. Awareness towards the disease is important for prevention and control.Methods: The research design was community based descriptive cross-sectional design. The study was conducted in selected urban communities of Bikaner district, Rajasthan. A structured knowledge questionnaire and Practice scale were distributed to subjects from March 2020 to April 2020. In present study, 327 subjects were included in the study by random sampling technique. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 22.0.Results: In the present study, 56.27% were male and 43.73% were female. Nearly 70% participants were graduate and above in educational status. In present study, mostly subjects (76%) have average to good knowledge and practice towards COVID-19. Finding of the study suggests that there was a weak correlation between knowledge and practices of urban people towards corona virus infection. The correlation was not significant (p value=0.1976) at 0.05 level of significance. The study also revealed that knowledge has association with only educational qualification and gender shown association with practices of urban population.Conclusions: Knowledge and practices among population towards the disease are crucial to minimize morbidity and mortality due to the disease. The people have knowledge towards corona virus infection but they are not implementing it into practice.
Knowledge, attitude and practice among diabetic patients visiting a tertiary care hospital in Bangalore, Karnataka
Authors: Polineni Vindhya , Acharya Supriya 
Published: July 2020

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic non-communicable disease which has become the epidemic of the 21st century. According to WHO 1.6 million deaths were estimated to be directly caused by diabetes in the year 2016 and attributed to be the seventh leading cause of death in the world. Objective of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, practice about diabetic care among the diabetic patient, and to assess the association between KAP of diabetic care and socio-demographic factors.Methods: Cross-sectional study was done with purposive sampling for 4 months, on 62 sample size. Data collection tool was the KAP questionnaire which was adapted a study by Herath HMM.Results: Out of 66 participants, 34 (51.5%) had good knowledge about diabetes, 27 (40.9%) and 5 had poor knowledge (7.6%), 16 had positive attitude about diabetes care (24.2%) and 50 (75.8%) had negative attitude, 47 had good practice about diabetes care (71.2%) and 19 (28.8%) of them had bad practice.Conclusions: Though majority of the study participants had good to moderate knowledge (92.4%), their attitude was negative (75.8%) and the knowledge level did not fully reflect into the attitude and practices (71.2%). This suggests there is a gap in the knowledge, attitude and practice.
Comparative study of diabetic self-care management “educational intervention among family members on diabetic individuals”, in rural field practicing area, a cluster randomization study
Authors: Kudachi Hanumanthappa , Gonibeedu Venkatesh , Ramappa Suresh , Muniswamy Sundar 
Published: July 2020

Background: To achieve optimal blood glucose levels educating diabetic patient alone may not be sufficient but the entire family must have access to proven preventive measure. The present study was done to assess the outcome of self-care management practices educational intervention among family member on diabetic individuals.Methods: This prospective interventional cluster randomization study was conducted in rural field practice area, attached to department of Community medicine of Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences. Clusters were formed among the population based on the sub-centres and four clusters were randomly selected. Two clusters were assigned for family intervention and two clusters with individual intervention.Results: Consuming 5 or more serving of fruits and vegetables for more than 5 days a week, increased in the FIC after education and the difference in increase was statistically significant (p<0.02). Physical activity with specific exercise sessions increase after the intervention and the increase was statistically significant in the FIC (p<0.08). Adherence to medication and testing attained statistically significant increase in the FIC. Also washing of foot daily with luke-warm water increase was statistically significant in both the Intervention Clusters (p<0.0002). On subsequent follow up there was a significant improvement in BMI of family intervention cluster (p<0.03) as compared to individual intervention cluster.Conclusions: Health education intervention activity at the community involving the supportive members of the family can drive-in to bring about behavioural change in the desired direction.
Why there are and will be less deaths in India due to COVID-19: an insight
Authors: Vasantrao Chincholikar Sanjeev 
Published: July 2020

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment. It has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization which exhibited human-to-human transmissibility and spread rapidly across countries. Older people, and those with underlying medical problems like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer are more likely to develop serious illness. Climate, with temperature, humidity, Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination, immune status of persons, elderly people, uncontrolled co morbid conditions like heart diseases, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, kidney diseases seems to play an important role in spread and severity of corona virus infection. As reported from MOHFW website, the COVID-19 deaths are more in above 60 years of age with comorbidities cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer.
COVID-19 outbreak containment poises on the sensitivity and specificity of the quick COVID-19 tests
Authors: Sreedharan Jayadevan , Muttappallymyalil Jayakumary , Nair Satish Chandrasekhar 
Published: July 2020

In the event of a pandemic such as COVID-19, past knowledge indicates that primordial prevention and primary prevention are imperative. Social distancing, respiratory etiquette, masking, and handwashing has proven to mitigate COVID-19 risk factors. Rampant population testing for COVID-19 will complement the prevention and is therefore at increased demand to identify and isolate those that may be asymptomatic and others that have recovered. Serology tests or the quick COVID-19 tests can help to identify exposure to a pathogen and the subsequent immune response.
Client cum domain segmentation approach for sustaining essential commodities supply system in Indian states/UTs under lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kaur Ishwarpreet , Singh Amarjeet 
Published: July 2020

World Health Organization (WHO) declared corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic on 11 March 2020. A disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Worldwide more than 100 countries are affected by it, with 2,878,196 confirmed cases (as per WHO situational report 27 April 2020). In India, the confirmed cases so far are 29,435 and 934 deceased (as on 28 April 2020). The spread of virus is postulated to be in stage.
A PERSISTENTE EXPLORAÇÃO DO TRABALHO INFANTIL NA AMÉRICA LATINA E A FALÁCIA DA ERRADICAÇÃO
Authors: Vaz Lira Terçália Suassuna 
Published: July 2020

O presente trabalho trata-se de uma análise das determinações presentes na persistente exploração do trabalho infantil na América Latina. O estudo tem como centro de análise os elementos que configuram o trabalho infantil no cenário econômico e político latino-americano e o contexto atual de crise do capitalismo mundial e suas implicações, e na contramão do processo o discurso da erradicação do trabalho infantil. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, resultado da tese de doutoramento. A problemática do trabalho infantil vem sendo tratada como uma das expressões mais cruéis da questão social e da violação de direitos humanos fundamentais, o que vem gerando indignação e alavancando um discurso cujo objetivo é a sua erradicação. Destaca que o legal por si só não garante a efetivação dos direitos, pois sua efetivação não está determinada unicamente por um arcabouço jurídico-institucional, mas encontra-se vinculada à ordem econômica e social determinada pela ordem do capital, e que no atual cenário de precarização do trabalho, aumento do desemprego e da pauperização crescente da classe trabalhadora, o discurso da erradicação do trabalho infantil na América Latina neste contexto é uma mera falácia.
Konsentrasi Efektif Daya Antibiofilm Kitosan Cangkang Udang terhadap Streptococcus Viridans (The Effective Concentration of Antibiofilms Capacity from Shrimp Shells Chitosan towards Streptococcus Viridans)
Authors: Nugrahani Nur Ariska , Kunarti Sri , Setyowatie Laksmiari 
Published: July 2020

Background.Periapical tooth infection is one of infection problems which often happens such as abscess periapical which is caused by bacteria. The bacteria which can form biofilms is named streptococcus viridans. It is resistant towards an antibacterial agent. Chitosan made of shrimp shells is used as a natural antibiofilms agent for streptococcus viridans. Purpose.To determine the effective concentration of antibiofilms capacity from shrimp shells chitosan towards streptococcus viridans. Method.The research method used in this research is laboratory experimental research. The research design is post-test only controlgroup design. Streptococcus viridans is given vortex until it becomes homogeneous with standard turbidity McFarland of 0.5, than, it is planted inside a microtitter plate using TSB Glu for 5x24 hours. At last, Streptococcus viridans is colored using crystal violet and the picture of biofilms is observed using inverted microscope. Chitosan liquid diluted through various concentration 0.195%, 0.39%, 0.78%, 1.56%, 3.125%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50% and 100% are going to be added to the microtitter plate and being incubated for 24 hours. The interpretation of the result on the longitude of the wave through optical density is 570nm. Result.There is a significant difference between the concentration of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125%, 1.56%, 0.78%, and 0.39% and the control group. Chitosan’s effective concentration in resisting the biofilms is 50%. The result is determined by statistical analysis. Conclusion.The effective concentration to resist the formation of Streptococcus viridans biofilms using shrimp shells chitosan is 50%.
DAYA ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAUN KEDONDONG BANGKOK (Spondias dulcis Forst.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Enterococcus faecalis Antibacterial Potency of Kedondong Bangkok Leaves Extract (Spondias dulcis Forst.) against Enterococcus faecalis Bacteria
Authors: Harseno Singgih , Mooduto Latief , Prasetyo Eric Priyo 
Published: July 2020

Background. The prevalence of endodontic infection after root canal treatment caused by the Enterococcus faecalis bacteria ranged between 24-77%. It is caused by resilience and virulence from Enterococcus faecalis. An alternative solution have to be done toward irrigation of root canal wall which is effective to kill bacteria. Kedondong Bangkok (Spondias dulcis Forst.) is one of the plants or natural substance potentially as an antibacteria. The antibacterial potencies of Kedondong Bangkok leaves extract (Spondias dulcis Forst.) against Enterococcus faecalis bacteria could be identified by determining Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Purpose. This study is aimed to prove antibacterial potencies by identifying Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of Kedondong Bangkok leaves extract (Spondias dulcis Forst.) against Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. Method. This study is an experimental laboratories through research design of The Post Test Only Control Group Design. Value of MIC and MBC were known by counting the growth of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria by treating the leaves extract of Kedondong Bangkok with concentration respectively 25%, 22,5%, 20%,17,5%, 15%, and 12,5% on nutrient agar media in CFU/ml. Result. In the concentration 12,5% there are 8.8% bacterial growth and in the concentration 15% there are no bacterial growth. Conclusion. Kedondong Bangkok leaf extract (Spondias dulcis Forst.) has an antibacterial potency against Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. The MIC shows in concentration of 12,5% and the MBC shows in concentration of 15%.
Perbedaan Efektivitas Daya Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Mimba (Azadirachta Indica A. Juss) Dibanding NaOCl 2,5% Terhadap Enterococcus Faecalis (The Difference of Antibacterial Effectiveness of Neem Leaf Extract (Azadirachta Indica A. Juss) Than NaOCl 2,5% Against Enterococcus Faecalis)
Authors: Sayekti Setian Fitri , Subiwahyudi Agus , Prasetyo Edhie Arif 
Published: July 2020

Background. Enterococcus faecalis is often found in persistent endodontic infection. Its high prevalence, about 24-77%, is due to resistance and virulence of these bacteria. NaOCl is commonly use as irrigation material, but it has toxicity effect and can irritate periapical tissues. Therefore, some studies to find natural materials that have antibacterial properties as an alternative root canal medicament need to be done. Neem (Azadirachta Indica A. Juss), also known as wonder tree for centuries has antibacterial properties, proven in the preliminary study which has been done that the MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) is 65% and MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) is 70%. Purpose. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of antibacterial activity of the Neem leaf extract (Azadirachta Indica A. Juss) than NaOCl 2,5% against Enterococcus faecalis. Methods. This study is an experimental labolatory with post test only control group design usingEnterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. Agar diffusion test was used to check the antimicrobial activity of 65% Neem leaf ectract, 70% Neem leaf ectract and NaOCl 2,5% by measuring the inhibition zone diameter of each treatment.Result. Diameter of bacterial inhibition zone formed Neem leaf extract is greater than NaOCl 2,5%. Conclusion. The antibacterial activity of Neem extract is greater than NaOCl 2,5% against Enterococcus faecalis.
Perbedaan Kebocoran Tepi antara GIC Konvensional dan Resin Modified GIC pada Restorasi Kelas V (Difference on Microleakage of Conventional GIC and Resin Modified GIC in Class V Restoration)
Authors: Devara Aditya Rama , Lunardhi Cecilia G.J , Yuanita Tamara 
Published: July 2020

Background. Microleakage is one of the challenging concerns in direct filling restorations. Restoration material should have good adaptation between the restoration and the cavity walls to seal the cavity in a good way. Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is one of restoration material which indicated for class V cavity. GIC has a good adherence to the cavity wall but fragile to liquid contamination during the setting time. Resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) is a hybrid glass ionomer cement with the addition of hidroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) in the liquid to increase the properties and endurance to liquid contamination. Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the difference on microleakage of conventional GIC and resin modified GIC in class V restoration. Material and methods. Class V cavities (depth: 2 mm) were prepared on the cervical surface of 32 human first permanent premolars. Teeth were classified into three groups. Group 1: conventional GIC + varnish. Group 2:RMGIC + varnish. All cavities were restored, then stored in artificial saliva at 37ºC for 24 hours. The teeth were immersed in a 1% methylene blue dye solution for 24 hours, and then rinsed in running water, dried, and sectioned longitudinally. The section were assessed for microleakage of dye penetration by two independent evaluators using a digital microscope. Data were collected and statistically analyzed. Results. RMGIC showed no significant difference with conventional GIC. However, there is a slight difference, RMGIC has a slight lower microleakage than conventional GIC. Conclusion. RMGIC showed only slight lower microleakage than conventional GIC, but not significant.
Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimal (KBM) Ekstrak Propolis Lawang terhadap Candida albicans
Authors: Wibowo Alvita , Widjiastuti Ira , Saraswati Widya 
Published: July 2020

Background: Candida albicans is the most resistant fungi in root canals. The existence of Candida albicans after root canal treatment can cause the failure of root canal treatment. The prevalence of this case is 36,7%. Propolis is a resinous substance which has many pharmaceutical and biological effects such as antimicrobial activities. Its active components include flavonoid, saponin, and tannin, have an important role in antimicrobial activities. In this study, antifungal aspect of propolis extract was investigated. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of propolis extract againts Candida albicans. Methods: This research was a laboratory experimental study. Propolis extract produced by propolis farm from Lawang. The antifungal activity test was performed by colony counting fungi in sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA) to determine the value of MFC of propolis extract againts Candida albicans. Result: At the concentration of 72,5%, 73,5%, 74,5%, 75,5%, 76,5%, and 77,5% there are decreases in the number of Candida albicans fungal colonies when compared with positive control group. There are significant differences in each study group (p<0,05). At the concentraion of 76,5% was not revealed any fungal growth of Candida albicans, it was because the antifungal effect of propolis extract has reached MFC. Conclusion: The minimum fungicidal concentration of propolis extract againts Candida albicans is 76,5%.