bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid Emergence of Multidrug-Resistance among Gram Negative Isolates at a Tertiary Pediatric and Maternity Hospital in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Authors: Felsenstein Susanna , Bira Sarantsetseg , Altanmircheg Narangerel , Shonkuuz Enkhtur , Ochirpurev Ariuntuya , Warburton David 
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Information on microbiological and susceptibility profiles of clinical isolates in Mongolia is scarce, hampering infection control and clinical care.Methods: Species and resistance profiles of 6334 clinical gram negative isolates, collected at Mongolia’s National Center for Maternal and Child Health between 2014 and 2017 were analyzed.Results: Annual proportion of multidrug-resistance among E. coli and Enterobacter isolates increased from 2.8% to 16.6% and 3.5% to 22.6% respectively; Klebsiella isolates exhibiting susceptibilities suggestive of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production from 73% to 94%. By 2017, 60.6% of Klebsiella isolates were multidrug-resistant, most originated from intensive care wards. Enterobacteriaceae exhibiting susceptibility patterns suggestive of ESBL production and multidrug-resistant organisms were common and their incidence increased rapidly.Conclusion: These findings will serve to build strategies to strengthen microbiological surveillance, diagnostics and infection control; and to develop empiric therapy and stewardship recommendations for Mongolia’s largest Children’s and Maternity hospital.
Termijn aanhangig maken ontnemingsvordering
Authors: Nan J.S. 
Published: April 2020

Jurisprudentie; ontneming – HR 10 december 2019, ECLI:NL:HR:2020:1932
Er is ruimte om de niet-ontvankelijkheid van het Openbaar Ministerie in de ontnemingsvordering bij een schending van de tweejaarstermijn van artikel 511b lid 1 Sv, achterwege te laten. Dat kan als de belangen die deze bepaling beschermen niet wezenlijk in het geding zijn.
Strengthening of High-Alloy Steel through Innovative Heat Treatment Routes
Authors: Kisku Nicky 
Published: April 2020

Heat treatment route is an important route for the development of high-strength alloy steel. Many heat treatment processes are applied depending on alloy compositions and desired mechanical properties. There are various high-strength alloy steels, namely, austenitic stainless steel (16–26 wt%Cr, 0.07–0.15 wt%C, 8–10 wt%Ni, rest Fe), where the heat treatment adopted is the low-temperature plasma nitriding so as to achieve a strength in a range of 800–1000 MPa. In twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel (>20 wt%Mn, <1 wt%C, <3 wt%Si, <3 wt%Al, rest Fe), high-temperature thermomechanical heat treatment provides a strength greater than 1000 MPa. High-speed steel (18 wt%W, 4 wt%Cr, 1 wt%V, 0.7 wt%C, 5–8 wt%Co, rest Fe) suits best for high-speed machining purpose, owing to secondary hardening. Besides, high-temperature annealing is performed with majorly ferritic structure to achieve a maximum bending strength of 4700 MPa. Furthermore, in Hadfield steel (11–14 wt%Mn, 1–1.4 wt%C), a fully austenitic phase is obtained with a strength level of 1000 MPa. High-alloy tool steel (5 wt%Mo, 6 wt%W, 4 wt%Cr, 0.3 wt%Si, 1 wt%V, rest Fe) is provided with austenitizing, quenching, and tempering treatment to achieve a maximum hardness of 1200–1400 HV.
Brouiller les frontières génériques et bousculer les hiérarchies littéraires au
Kenya. La revue Kwani? entre presse et littérature
Authors: Journo Aurélie 
Published: April 2020

Fondée en 2003 par un collectif d’auteurs et d’intellectuels kényans mené par
Binyavanga Wainaina, la revue littéraire Kwani? est devenue en une dizaine
d’années une institution littéraire reconnue à l’échelle nationale et continentale.
Objet textuel hybride, à l’interface de différents champs discursifs, la revue,
présentée explicitement comme « littéraire » par ses fondateurs qui sont pour la
plupart journalistes de formation, nous invite à interroger les rapports entre
presse et littérature. En retraçant la généalogie de la revue et son inscription
dans l’histoire littéraire régionale et continentale, il s’agira de mettre en
lumière la porosité de ces deux champs discursifs, dans lesquels de nombreux auteurs
de la région se sont inscrits simultanément, que l’on songe à Wahome Mutahi ou Ngugi
wa Thiong’o. En outre, loin de se revendiquer uniquement de revues littéraires comme
Transition ou Black Orpheus, Kwani? met en scène une
filiation avec des magazines populaires comme Joe et Drum, qui ont
joué un rôle non négligeable dans le développement d’une écriture spécifique
caractérisée par l’humour et l’irrévérence. Nous reviendrons ensuite sur la question
du genre mis en avant dans la revue Kwani? depuis que Billy Kahora en est
devenu rédacteur en chef en 2003 : la création non-fictionnelle (creative
non-fiction). L’étude de ce genre – qui puise ses sources au Nouveau
journalisme (New Journalism) développé par Tom Wolfe aux États-Unis – et de sa
promotion dans les pages de la revue permet de montrer comment, dans un contexte
politique et culturel particulier, la pratique littéraire peut endosser une fonction
herméneutique. Cette lecture diachronique de textes à la croisée du littéraire et du
journalistique met en lumière diverses figures d’écrivains qui traversent l’histoire
de la région et sont réinvesties dans les pages de la revue
Kwani?.
Les écrivain·e·s nigérian·e·s de la troisième génération et la construction
identitaire (Bildung) : panorama du roman nigérian depuis les
années 2000
Authors: Courtois Cédric 
Published: April 2020

Depuis le début des années 2000, et l’émergence des écrivain·e·s « de la
troisième génération », le Bildungsroman, genre littéraire né en Europe,
est constamment réécrit au Nigéria. Des auteurs et autrices aussi prestigieux que
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie ou encore Chris Abani se sont confrontés à la réécriture
d’un genre qui narre le développement de « l’innocence à l’expérience », qui permet
de mettre en lumière l’odyssée du moi et la construction de la subjectivité dans un
contexte non seulement nigérian, mais également diasporique.
Genre de l’émergence de l’individualité, les Bildungsromane écrits
par les auteurs et autrices nigérians de la troisième génération se conforment à ces
aspects mais acquièrent également une propension plus communautaire et, de façon
allégorique, comme l’écrit Mikhaïl Bakhtine, la Bildung individuelle se
fait en parallèle de la Bildung de la nation. Le Bildungsroman
semble également être utilisé par les auteurs et les autrices nigérians dans un
contexte diasporique afin de mettre en lumière l’impossibilité d’un moi unifié ;
certains de ces ouvrages peuvent alors également être lus comme des
Künstlerromane.
Are Counterparty Arrangements in Reinsurance a Threat to Financial Stability?
Authors: Davison Matt , Leadbetter Darrell , Lu Bin , Voll Jane 
Published: April 2020

Interconnectedness among insurers and reinsurers at a global level is not well understood and may pose a significant risk to the sector, with implications for the macroeconomy. Models of the complex interactions among reinsurers and with other participants in the financial system and the real economy are at a very early stage of development. Parts of the market remain opaque to both regulators and market participants, particularly the counterparty arrangements among reinsurers through retrocession agreements. The authors create several plausible networks to model these relationships, each consistent with the financial statement data of the reinsurer. These networks are stress-tested under a series of severe but plausible catastrophic-loss scenarios. This analysis contributes to the literature by (i) applying a network-model approach common in the banking literature to the insurance industry; (ii) assessing the interconnections among reinsurers through potential claims rather than premiums; and (iii) investigating the most opaque part of the global insurance market, namely, counterparty arrangements among global reinsurers (retrocession). The authors find that contagion in the global reinsurance market is plausible and that the size of the potential market disruption is sensitive to (i) the distribution of risk among counterparties, (ii) the trigger for financial distress, (iii) the time horizon for claims resolution and (iv) the degree of loss netting. The findings suggest that further study of industry practices in these four areas would improve our ability to assess risk in the insurance sector and promote financial stability.
La culture juridique de la marginalisation : le système poreux du droit des favelas de Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Bastos e Silva Viviane 
Published: April 2020

Cet article analyse la manière dont le droit de l’État promeut la ségrégation spatiale et comment fonctionne le système des droits dans le territoire ségrégué. L’objet de cette étude, ce sont les favelas de la ville de Rio de Janeiro au Brésil. Même si certaines favelas ont plus de 100 ans, l’illégalité et la précarité — temporelle et matérielle — sont encore considérées comme étant constitutives des favelas. L’absence de reconnaissance de cette zone s’étend à l’individu qui y réside : sa vie n’est pas validée ou alors elle l’est, mais accompagnée de contraintes. La favela est donc un espace dévalorisant et déprécié, dans lequel les résidants n’ont qu’une citoyenneté limitée. Le conflit entre les normes juridiques et le système interstitiel de droits dans les favelas montre bien que non seulement le droit n’est pas intéressé aux besoins des résidants des favelas (omission), mais encore exclut-il ceux-ci (action). En d’autres termes, la loi sert à construire et à perpétuer la marginalisation, y compris celle de l’espace physique de ces citoyens.
Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine Practice Patterns of Third-Year and Fourth-Year Osteopathic Medical Students: An Educational Research Project
Authors: Snider Karen T. , Couch Rachel , Bhatia Shalini 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Context
Colleges of osteopathic medicine (COMs) are required to provide hands-on osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) training during clerkship years, but this can be challenging given that students are in a variety of clinical sites and often train with allopathic physicians.

Objective
To identify student OMM practice patterns documented on required OMM practice logs detailing 10 OMM treatments each semester as part of a 3-semester third- and fourth-year clerkship curriculum and to determine whether these practice patterns varied by supervisor type (osteopathic vs allopathic) and semester.

Methods
The OMM practice logs from 2 class years were retrospectively reviewed for patient and supervisor characteristics and OMM treatment details. Semesters included 2 third-year semesters and an extended fourth-year semester.

Results
Between July 2015 and March 2018, 1018 OMM practice logs were submitted detailing 10,150 treatments involving 4655 clinical (45.9%) and 5474 volunteer (53.9%) patients. Logs contained up to 10 treatments per log; 26.0% included only clinical patients, 17.4% included only volunteer patients, and 56.6% included both. Significantly more clinical patients (1708 [36.7%]) were treated during the first semester of the third year than the other 2 semesters (P<.001). The supervisor's credentials were identified as an osteopathic physician for 6639 treatments (65.4%) and an allopathic physician for 768 (7.6%). No difference was found in the proportion of clinical to volunteer patients supervised by osteopathic or allopathic physicians (P=.34). Neuromusculoskeletal complaints accounted for 10,847 (90.7%) chief complaints, and nonneuromusculoskeletal complaints accounted for 1115 (9.3%). The most commonly treated body regions were the thoracic (6255 [61.4%]), cervical (4932 [48.4%]), and lumbar (4249 [41.7%]). More body regions were treated on clinical patients than on volunteer patients (mean, 2.7 vs 2.6, respectively; P=.04). Commonly used techniques were muscle energy (6570 [64.5%]); high-velocity, low-amplitude (4054 [39.8%]); soft tissue (3615 [35.5%]); balanced ligamentous tension/indirect techniques (2700 [26.5%]); and myofascial release (1944 [19.2%]).

Conclusion
More than 80% of students documented OMM practice on clinical patients for their required OMM practice logs. Both osteopathic and allopathic physicians provided supervision. Chief complaints and types of osteopathic manipulative treatment used were consistent with current clinical practice. Areas identified for enhanced didactic education included OMM for nonneuromusculoskeletal complaints.
Weekly Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment to Improve Measures of Sympathetic Tone in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized, Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Davis Sarah E. , Hendryx Jan , Menezes Christian , Bouwer Stephanie , Menezes Heather , Patel Vishesha , Bostick Smith Chevelta A. , Speelman Diana L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common hormone disorder affecting reproductive and metabolic health of reproductive-age women, was shown in a previous study from these authors to be associated with increased sympathetic tone. Increased sympathetic tone contributes to long-term health risks for cardiovascular disease and promotes PCOS pathogenesis.ObjectiveTo determine whether weekly osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) improves physiologic measures of sympathetic tone in women with PCOS.MethodsIn the second phase of a larger study from this author group, 25 women with PCOS, aged 22 to 43 years, living in Erie, Pennsylvania, were recruited to participate in a randomized, controlled evaluation of OMT intervention. Participants were randomly assigned to either an OMT intervention or control group. The OMT group received weekly manipulation of Chapman points and rib-raising for viscerosomatic reflexes associated with the ovaries, adrenal glands, and heart for 12 consecutive weeks. Physiologic measures of sympathetic tone were collected, along with metabolic, endocrine, and reproductive measurements, both before the 3-month intervention and within 1 week of completing the intervention. Measurements included heart rate and blood pressure at rest and after 15 minutes of aerobic exercise, heart rate recovery after exercise, resting heart rate variability, serum androgen levels, body mass index, fasting blood glucose and insulin levels, and menstrual cycle length.ResultsNineteen women completed the study. Comparing pre- and postintervention parameters, women with PCOS in the OMT intervention group experienced an improvement in postexercise systolic blood pressure (135.8 vs 129.1 mm Hg) and a trend toward heart rate recovery (23.2 vs 29.4 seconds). No significant improvements were found in the control group or in any other physiologic parameters measured. No significant improvements were found in the endocrine, metabolic, or reproductive parameters measured, although free testosterone was slightly lower after 3 months of weekly OMT (5.69 vs 4.64 pg/mL).ConclusionImprovements in sympathetic tone after OMT suggest that weekly manipulation of Chapman points and viscerosomatic reflexes can be a useful adjunctive therapeutic option for women with PCOS. (ClinicalTrials.gov No. NCT03383484)
Influence of cooking skills and nutritional training on dietary choices of incoming chiropractic students
Authors: Colton Katrine K. , Nightingale Lia M. 
Published: April 2020

Objective
We aimed to identify chiropractic students' cooking skills, perceptions of healthy eating, and influence of prior nutrition training on dietary intake.

Methods
Two cohorts of incoming graduate students were surveyed to assess nutritional training prior to matriculation, perceptions of healthy eating behaviors, cooking skills, current dietary intake, and barriers to healthy eating. Using independent t tests, correlations, and descriptive statistics, data from the cohorts were assessed.

Results
The response rate was 88.7% (n = 178). Nutritional training significantly increased perception of nutritional knowledge and confidence in giving nutrition advice. Completion of at least 1 college nutrition course was associated with nearly double students' weekly fatty fish intake. Males were more likely to eat animal protein, and females preferred desserts. Modeling a healthy diet for future patients was rated as being important, yet most students consumed diets consistent with the typical American diet. The leading barriers to healthy eating included lack of time and money.

Conclusion
Similar to students in other healthcare professions, incoming chiropractic students wish to model healthy behaviors but fail to apply their knowledge and attitudes to their own dietary intakes due to common barriers.
Biotechnological Upgrade of High Fibre-low Protein Industrial Plant By-products in Broiler Diets: Carcass and Organs Characteristics
Authors: Fasuyi Ayodeji 
Published: April 2020

Aims: To explore the possibility of utilizing bio-fermented industrial plant by-products (composite mixture of fermented palm kernel meal, brewers dried grains and molasses) as supplementary crude protein source in broiler production.
Study Design: Two hundred and eighty-eight (288) day old birds were picked and randomized into six treatments in a completely randomize designed experiment.
Place and Duration of Study: Research study was carried out at the Teaching & Research Farm of Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti between June and September, 2016.
Methodology: The composite of the palm kernel meal (PKM), brewer dried grains (BDG) and molasses were prepared using a ratio of 50 L of water to 25 kg of PKM, 25 kg of BDG and 2.5 L of molasses. The fermented composite of palm kernel meal, brewer dried grains and molasses (PBMC) was dried before incorporation into experimental diets as protein supplement at 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35% inclusion levels in a completely randomized designed experiment. The control diet had no composite of PKM, BDG and molasses. At the end of the experiment, birds were randomly selected from the 6 treatments, weighed and sacrificed. After slaughtering, the carcasses were scalded at 55-60°C in water bath for 30 sec before de-feathering. The data collected were subjected to One Way Analysis of Variance using Minitab computer model (Version 16). The dressed chicks were eviscerated and some carcass cuts and weights of organs determined.
Results: The live weight of broilers fed the diet 1 (control diet without PBMC) was statistically similar (P>0.05) to those obtained for broiler finisher birds fed 15, 20, 25 and 35% PBMC but significantly different (P<0.05) from broilers fed 30% PBMC, respectively. Similar results were obtained for the dressed and eviscerated weights. There were predominant similarities among the weights of the determined carcass cuts and internal organs.
Conclusion: The use of PBMC can be safely practiced to further improve the utilization of PKM and BDG in poultry diets at a maximum inclusion level of 20%. This inclusion level supported carcass characteristics and standard weights of organs at the end of the finisher phase of broiler production.
Measurement of Technical Efficiency of Women Cassava Farmers in Ankpa Local Government Area, Kogi State, Nigeria
Authors: Audu S. I. , Girei A. A. , Umar H. S. 
Published: April 2020

The study was about technical efficiency of women cassava farmers in Ankpa Local Government Area of Kogi State, Nigeria. A simple random sample of 120 women cassava farmers were interviewed with a structured questionnaire and information concerning their socioeconomic attributes, revenue realized and cost incurred in cassava production were obtained. The data were analysed with the use of stochastic frontier Cobb-Douglas production function and the inefficiency model. Results indicated that farm size, family labour, hired labour, equipment depreciation, cassava stems, fertilizers and transportation had positive coefficients and thus influenced cassava output positively. Education, household size, farming experience and extension visits increased farmers’ technical efficiency. Many farmers had high technical efficiency. The mean technical efficiency was 76 percent with a maximum of 98 percent technical efficiency. Recommendation made to improve cassava production were making farm inputs available at affordable prices, review of land tenure system, opening up of more credit agencies and increase extension visits among others.
Fungal Diversity in the Rhizosphere and Rhizoplane of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Moench. in Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Onaebi C. N. , Okoro A. C. , Anyaogu E. 
Published: April 2020

Aim: The growth and development of economically important crops are usually affected positively or negatively by the microbes present in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane. Based on this, the study was carried out to determine the fungal diversity in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of okra plant.
Methods: Okra seeds were purchased from an agricultural shop in Nsukka main market and were planted at Botanic garden, Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Physicochemical properties of the soil sample were evaluated prior to planting and as the plant aged. Rhizosphere and rhizoplane samples were collected at two weeks interval and dilution plate method was used in fungi isolation after which they were identified. The frequency of occurrence and the colony forming unit per gram of the sample (cfu/g) were evaluated.
Results: The Physicochemical properties of the soil samples fluctuated as plant aged at two weeks intervals. The pH was slightly acidic to neutral which is ideal for most plant to grow. The water retention capacity, moisture content and organic matter content increased from 11.47-27.90 ml/g, 5.03-21.07% and 2.35-3.68% respectively at two weeks interval but fluctuates at subsequent weeks. A total of eleven (11) fungi were isolated from the rhizosphere and were identified as, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus bertholletius, Fusarium oxysporum, Galactomyces candidum, Helminthosporium solani, Rhizopus stolonifer, Mucor racemosus, Penicillium citrinum and Trichoderma viride. All fungi were present in the rhizoplane except Aspergillus bertholletius and Penicillium citrinum. Rhizosphere had a greater number of fungi than the rhizoplane. Aspergillus species were predominant in both the rhizosphere and rhizoplane. A. niger had the highest frequency of occurrence of 58.67% on the 6th week and 65.79% on the 4th week in rhizosphere and rhizoplane respectively. The colony forming unit (cfu/g) of Aspergillus niger was significantly different from all other isolates at P≤0.001 followed by Mucor racemosus and Fusarium oxysporum with significant differences at P≤0.05 and P≤0.01 respectively.
Conclusion: The rhizosphere and rhizoplane of okra plants has been shown to be rich in fungal diversity and a greater number were obtained from the rhizosphere. The data obtained from this work could be exploited by microbial ecologist to ascertain ecological associations and biomass increase by the fungal communities which also forms part of ecosystem. The fungi had no pathological effect on the plant which suggest positive effect on the growth and development of okra plant as the plant aged.