bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactive effects of iron and light limitation on the molecular physiology of the Southern Ocean diatom Fragilariopsis kerguelensis
Authors: Moreno Carly M. , Gong Weida , Cohen Natalie R. , DeLong Kimberly , Marchetti Adrian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe polar diatom Fragilariopsis kerguelensis is ubiquitous in Southern Ocean waters and is a major responder to iron fertilization, encountering large gradients in iron concentrations and light availability. We performed a comparative transcriptomic analysis of F. kerguelensis grown under varying iron and light conditions in order to investigate the molecular underpinnings that may explain its physiological response to iron and light limitation. Low iron reduced growth rates more than low light, but there was not an additive effect of low iron and low light on growth rate. Low iron treatments (saturating and low light) had the largest transcriptomic response; however, expression patterns were more similar in low light treatments (high and low iron). Under iron and light limitation, carbon fixation and amino acid, ribosome, and sulfur metabolisms were overrepresented relative to the control (iron replete, saturating light). Transcripts of genes encoding for the proteins aquaporin, proteorhodopsin, plastocyanin, and flavodoxin were overrepresented to the greatest extent in the low iron/low light treatment, indicating there may be an additive effect of iron/light colimitation at the molecular level. Iron and light replete cells demonstrated increased expression of genes encoding for the proteins ferritin, carbonic anhydrase, and numerous iron‐dependent proteins relative to the growth‐limiting treatments. This transcriptome analysis reveals mechanisms that may underpin the ecological success of this diatom in low iron and light environments, highlighting the important role of diversified photosynthetic isoforms, iron acquisition, unique detoxification mechanisms of reactive oxygen species, and metabolic shifts in amino acid recycling and carbon metabolism.
Nonlinear Nanophotonic Circuitry: Tristable and Astable Multivibrators and Chaos Generator
Authors: Ma Pujuan , Gao Lei , Ginzburg Pavel , Noskov Roman E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe concept of lumped optical nanoelements (or metactronics), wherein nanometer‐scale structures act as nanoinductors, nanocapacitors, and nanoresistors, has attracted a great deal of attention as a simple toolbox for engineering different nanophotonic devices in analogy with microelectronics. While recent studies of the topic have been predominantly focused on linear functionalities, nonlinear dynamics in microelectronic devices plays a crucial role and provides a majority of functions, employed in modern applications. Here, the metactronics paradigm is extended and nonlinear dynamical modalities are added to those nanophotonic devices that have never been associated with optical nanoantennas. Specifically, it is shown that nonlinear dimer nanoantennae can operate in the regimes of tristable and astable multivibrators as well as chaos generators. The physical mechanism behind these modalities relies on the Kerr‐type nonlinearity of nanoparticles in the dimer enhanced by a dipolar localized surface plasmon resonance. This allows one to provide a positive nonlinear feedback at moderate optical intensities, leading to the desired dynamical behavior via tuning the driving field parameters. The findings shed light on a novel class of nonlinear nanophotonic devices with a tunable nonlinear dynamical response.
Elimination of Re‐excitation in Stimulated Emission Depletion Nanoscopy Based on Photon Extraction in a Phasor Plot
Authors: Chen Yue , Wang Luwei , Yan Wei , Peng Xiao , Qu Junle , Song Jun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscopy can achieve super‐resolution imaging of microstructures at the nanoscale by confining the fluorescence emission of a diffraction‐limited focusing spot. The depletion wavelength is typically at the red tail of the emission spectrum of the fluorophore to avoid re‐excitation; however, inefficient fluorescence inhibition on account of the small stimulated emission cross‐section results in a huge demand for the depletion of laser power. Here, an accurate photon extraction method is proposed to eliminate re‐excitation caused by blue shift of the depletion wavelength. After only extracting the photons unaffected by a donut‐shaped depletion laser in the phasor plot, both the resolution and signal‐to‐noise ratio of the STED images are significantly improved. As a result, the increased depletion efficiency at a blue shifted depletion wavelength reduces the power demand for achieving a certain resolution. This approach, with flexible wavelength selectivity owing to the independence of depletion power, made more fluorophores applicable for STED super‐resolution imaging, thereby offering more convenient and efficient service to researchers.
Identification of a synergistic combination of dimethylaminoparthenolide and shikonin alters metabolism and inhibits proliferation of pediatric precursor‐B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Sweeney Shannon R. , Collins Meghan , Pandey Renu , Chiou Jennifer , Lodi Alessia , Tiziani Stefano 
Published: February 2020

AbstractExploiting metabolic vulnerabilities of cancer cells with nontoxic, plant derived compounds constitutes a novel strategy for both chemoprevention and treatment. A high‐throughput screening approach was used to evaluate a library of natural products to determine the most synergistic combination in precursor‐B cell acute lymphoblast leukemia. Dimethylaminoparthenolide and shikonin effectively inhibited proliferation resulting in cell death in primary and immortalized leukemia cells, while having negligible effects on normal cells. Dimethylaminoparthenolide and shikonin have been shown separately to inhibit cell survival and proliferative signaling and activate tumor suppressors and proapoptotic pathways. Untargeted metabolomics and metabolic flux analysis with stable isotopically labeled glucose and glutamine exhibited a global shift in metabolism following treatment. Pathway analysis indicated significant differences in amino acid, antioxidant, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and nucleotide metabolism. Together, dimethylaminoparthenolide and shikonin reduced the shunting of glycolytic intermediates into the pentose phosphate pathway for biosynthetic purposes. Similarly, the incorporation of glutamine and glutamine‐derived metabolites into purine and pyrimidine synthesis was inhibited by the combination of dimethylaminoparthenolide and shikonin, effectively impeding biosynthetic pathways critical for leukemia cell survival. This approach demonstrates that a synergistic pair of compounds with malignant cell specificity can effectively target metabolic pathways crucial to leukemia cell proliferation and induce apoptosis.
Control of Energy Transfer Between Pyrene‐ and Perylene‐Nucleosides by the Sequence of DNA‐Templated Supramolecular Assemblies
Authors: Müller Sara , Fritz Yannic , Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDNA was used as supramolecular scaffold to order chromophores and control their optical properties. Ethynylpyrene as energy donor was attached to 2′‐desoxy‐2‐aminoadenosine that binds selectively to thymidines (T) in the template. Ethynylperylene as acceptor was attached to 2′‐desoxyuridine that is complementary to 2′‐desoxyadenosine (A). This donor‐acceptor pair was assembled along single‐stranded DNA templates of different A−T sequences to investigate the sequence control of the energy transfer between the chromophores. The fluorescence intensities increase in the mixed assemblies along the DNA templates from A10T10 over (AATT)5 to (AT)10, although these templates provide equal numbers of potential binding sites for the two different nucleoside chromophore conjugates and exhibit similar absorbances. This shows that the sequence selective assembly of the two building blocks along DNA templates is programmable and alters the fluorescence readout. Such sequence‐controlled supramolecular chemistry represents the key element for future functional π‐systems in materials for light harvesting of solar energy.
Can PROMIS domains of pain and physical functioning detect changes in health over time for children with sickle cell disease?
Authors: Singh Ashima , Dasgupta Mahua , Simpson Pippa M. , Brousseau David C. , Panepinto Julie A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) includes multiple domains that measure pain and physical functioning which are valid and reliable for use in children with sickle cell disease. The responsiveness of these measures to detect changes in health status over time among children with sickle cell disease is unknown.ProcedureWe conducted a prospective cohort study of children presenting to emergency department (ED) with vaso‐occlusive crises. Children completed PROMIS surveys in the ED and at two follow‐up time points (7‐10 days and 1‐3 months) after their acute care visit. Linear mixed models were used to determine if there were significant changes in PROMIS T scores over time. We used a patient's global assessment of change in pain question to anchor the changes in PROMIS scores (mean and 95% confidence interval). A change was considered statistically significant if the 95% CI did not include 0.ResultsWe found that patients improved significantly in all domains 1 to 3 months after discharge from an acute care visit for pain. In addition, the pain and physical stress experience domains were responsive to change 7 to 10 days after discharge. Using the anchor of change in pain, for children who had considerable improvement in pain, there were significant changes in PROMIS T scores ranging from 6 to 15.ConclusionsRelevant PROMIS domains detect changes in children experiencing acute vaso‐occlusive crises. These domains can be used in research and clinic settings to measure clinically relevant change in children with sickle cell disease.
Exercising with an automated insulin delivery system: qualitative insight into the hopes and expectations of people with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Collard Sarah S , Regmi Pramod R , Hood Korey K , Laffel Lori , Weissberg‐Benchell Jill , Naranjo Diana , Barnard‐Kelly Katharine 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
For people with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), regular exercise can be highly beneficial. Although exercise has been shown to improve quality of life and health for people living with T1DM, there are common barriers. To examine such issues, we explored the perceived impact that automated insulin delivery systems could have on people with T1DM and their families. One common theme found was hopes, expectations and impact on sports and exercise. Four sites (United States: three; UK: one) were involved in this study. Two hundred and eighty‐four participants were recruited across all sites; participants comprised: children (9–11 years); adolescents (12–18 years); parents/caretakers of children and adolescents with T1DM; adults with T1DM (18–77 years); and their significant others/partners. Between May and December 2015, focus groups and semi‐structured interviews were conducted and analysed using content analysis. Three themes found related to the benefits of automated insulin delivery systems: (a) more freedom and spontaneity in the individual's ability to exercise; (b) relief from worry of hypoglycaemia as a result of exercise; (c) removing the ‘guesswork’ of adjusting insulin for exercise. Two further themes emerged relating to potential concerns with regard to safely exercising while wearing an automated insulin delivery system. Further research is encouraged with a view to providing accurate algorithms and increasing confidence for those using automated insulin delivery systems and, in turn, for their exercise colleagues and loved ones.
The moderating role of dissociation in the relation between borderline features and factors of self‐injury in adolescents
Authors: Sumlin Eric , Wall Kiana , Sharp Carla 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐injurious behaviours (SIB) occur frequently in individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD). While multiple factors may explain the association between SIB and BPD, studies in adults have pointed to dissociation as factor worth considering. However, this relationship has not been examined in adolescents.AimsThe current study investigated the role of dissociation as a potential moderator between borderline features and SIB, with the expectation that this association would be stronger in the presence of dissociation.MethodsOne hundred forty‐four adolescent inpatients were compared on measures of BPD, non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) and suicidal behaviour. The relationships between borderline features and self‐injury outcomes were evaluated using linear and logistic regression with dissociation as a moderator.ResultsBorderline features and dissociation were found to be significantly associated with history of NSSI, history of suicide attempt, suicidal ideation (SI) intensity and SI severity. However, dissociation was a significant moderator only in the relationship between borderline features and SI intensity.ConclusionHigher levels of dissociation were associated with more engagement with suicidal thoughts but did not necessarily contribute to SIB. Further research into differential patterns of association of self‐injury in patients with BPD may investigate other models where dissociation may more strongly factor into outcomes. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical study of concerted hydroamination‐fragmentation reactions to alkenes and alkynes
Authors: Byers Philip , Doyle Patrick , Augusta Alexandra 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA new type of concerted cycloaddition‐fragmentation reaction utilizing carbamic acid as the amine source is herein reported. This method will require the use of carbamic acid for these reactions that are driven forward by elimination of a highly stable small molecule (CO2). The formation of this gaseous by‐products would make this type of concerted reaction irreversible, driving the reaction to completion. A theoretical study was completed at the B3LYP/6‐31G(d,p) level, providing evidence of the feasibility of this reaction. Additional computation work was done to show how adding electron donating groups to carbamic acid and electron withdrawing groups, such as fluorine, to the alkyne can additionally lower the activation energy of this reaction. This potential new methodology of unsaturated systems would allow for hydroaminations without the need for transition metal catalysts.
Dysbiosis of the Oral Ecosystem in Severe Congenital Neutropenia Patients
Authors: Zaura Egija , Brandt Bernd W. , Buijs Mark J. , Emingil Gülnur , Ergüz Merve , Karapinar Deniz Yilmaz , Pekpinarli Burç , Bao Kai , Belibasakis Georgios N. , Bostanci Nagihan 
Published: February 2020

PurposeTo decipher the underlying immunological mechanisms in predisposition to oral microbial dysbiosis in severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) patients.Experimental DesignTen SCN patients (5–23 years old) and 12 healthy controls (5–22 years old) are periodontally examined and provided saliva, subgingival plaque, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples. The SCN patients received oral hygiene therapy and are re‐evaluated after 6 months. Antimicrobial peptides HPN1‐3 and LL‐37 are assessed in saliva by ELISA. Concentration of 30 cytokines is measured in saliva and GCF by human 30‐plex panel, while bacterial profiles of saliva and subgingival plaque are assessed using 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing.ResultsThere is no significant difference in salivary HPN1‐3 and LL‐37 concentration between the SCN patients and controls. At baseline, clinical, immunological, and microbiological parameters of the patients are indicative of oral ecological dysbiosis. The SCN patients have significantly higher bleeding on probing (BOP)%, GCF volume, and cytokine levels, high bacterial load with low bacterial diversity in saliva. The associations between the microbiome and immunological parameters in the SCN patients differ from those in the healthy individuals.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceSCN patients have a dysregulated immune response toward commensal oral microbiota, which could be responsible for the observed clinical and microbiological signs of dysbiosis.
Hormetic effect of glyphosate persists during the entire growth period and increases sugarcane yield
Authors: Pincelli‐Souza Renata P , Bortolheiro Fernanda PAP , Carbonari Caio A , Velini Edivaldo D , Silva Marcelo de A 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDStimulation of plant growth by low doses of a toxic compound is defined as a hormetic effect. Exposure of plants to low doses of glyphosate can cause stimulatory effects on growth or other variables. Sugarcane is the major biofuel and sugar‐production crop cultivated in Brazil, but its expansion to new areas is limited; therefore, there is a demand for new technologies to improve sugarcane production per unit area. The use of pesticides to stimulate growth through the hormetic effect might be a suitable strategy to increase sugarcane yields. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of a low dose of glyphosate on metabolic compound accumulation, leaf phosphorus (P) concentration, and morphological variables across a one‐year sugarcane cycle, as well as to determine whether the glyphosate effect was sustained and effective in improving the yield and technological quality of the sugarcane at harvest.RESULTSThe application of a low dose of glyphosate led to higher concentrations of shikimic acid and quinic acid, higher leaf P concentrations, and improved plant growth, yield, and technological quality of the sugarcane, by increasing the Brix% juice, pol% cane, total recoverable sugar, tons of culms per hectare, and tons of pol per hectare, relative to the results for an untreated control.CONCLUSIONSThe increased growth stimuli, observed through several variables, promoted an improvement in sugarcane yield. Therefore, the application of a low dose of glyphosate to sugarcane is a promising practice for crop management. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Moving beyond immobility: Spatial stories of undergraduate mobility at the “local” college
Authors: Henderson Holly 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the English higher education context, “going to” university is commonly associated with leaving the familial home at the age of 18 and moving to a new city. This article sets out to problematise dominant narratives of student mobilities, by focusing on the everyday and imagined mobilities of students who stay in place for their degree education. On the basis of data from a case study of undergraduate education in further education colleges in England, the article sets out three challenges to the binary opposition between student mobilities and immobilities. First, the simple association between immobility, disadvantage, and deficit is challenged. The second challenge complicates perceptions of traditionally mobile undergraduates. Finally, the imagined “other lives” of local students challenge their characterisation as unable or unwilling to imagine student mobility. The article both highlights and seeks to resist powerful popular understandings of mobilities and undergraduate education.
Soil sample timing, nitrogen fertilization, and incubation length influence anaerobic potentially mineralizable nitrogen
Authors: Clark Jason D. , Veum Kristen S. , Fernández Fabián G. , Kitchen Newell R. , Camberato James J. , Carter Paul R. , Ferguson Richard B. , Franzen David W. , Kaiser Daniel E. , Laboski Carrie A. M. , Nafziger Emerson D. , Rosen Carl J. , Sawyer John E. , Shanahan John F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the variables that affect the anaerobic potentially mineralizable N (PMNan) test should lead to a standard procedure of sample collection and incubation length, improving PMNan as a tool in corn (Zea mays L.) N management. We evaluated the effect of soil sample timing (preplant and V5 corn development stage [V5]), N fertilization (0 and 180 kg ha−1) and incubation length (7, 14, and 28 d) on PMNan (0–30 cm) across a range of soil properties and weather conditions. Soil sample timing, N fertilization, and incubation length affected PMNan differently based on soil and weather conditions. Preplant vs. V5 PMNan tended to be greater at sites that received < 183 mm of precipitation or < 359 growing degree‐days (GDD) between preplant and V5, or had soil C/N ratios > 9.7:1; otherwise, V5 PMNan tended to be greater than preplant PMNan. The PMNan tended to be greater in unfertilized vs. fertilized soil in sites with clay content > 9.5%, total C < 24.2 g kg−1, soil organic matter (SOM) < 3.9 g kg−1, or C to N ratios < 11.0:1; otherwise, PMNan tended to be greater in fertilized vs. unfertilized soil. Longer incubation lengths increased PMNan at all sites regardless of sampling methods. Since PMNan is sensitive to many factors (sample timing, N fertilization, incubation length, soil properties, and weather conditions), it is important to follow a consistent protocol to compare PMNan among sites and potentially use PMNan to improve corn N management.
Brachiopods from the Byrd Group (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4) Central Transantarctic Mountains, East Antarctica: biostratigraphy, phylogeny and systematics
Authors: Claybourn Thomas M. , Skovsted Christian B. , Holmer Lars E. , Pan Bing , Myrow Paul M. , Topper Timothy P. , Brock Glenn A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBrachiopods from Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4 carbonate strata of the Byrd Group in the Central Transantarctic Mountains, East Antarctica, are described for the first time. These include six lingulate, one paterinate and one rhynchonelliform taxon, including the new lingulate brachiopod Plicarmus wildi gen. et sp. nov. The biostratigraphy correlates closely to the brachiopods recently reported from the Xinji Formation (Shuiyu section) in North China, as well as brachiopods recovered from the Dailyatia odyssei Zone across the Arrowie Basin of South Australia. These findings also support the previously identified close palaeobiogeography of these regions. The first unambiguous example of the acrotretid brachiopod Eohadrotreta zhenbaensis Li & Holmer outside South China is also identified in the context of its ontogenetic stages. Well‐preserved specimens of the acrotheloid Schizopholis yorkensis (Holmer & Ushatinskaya) facilitate a new reconstruction of its musculature and visceral region. These data are synthesized into a new cladistic analysis that resolves Acrotheloidea as a well‐supported monophyletic clade and supports previous hypotheses of a morphocline in acrotheloid evolution.
Preparation of Photo‐Crosslinking Starch Colloidal Particles
Authors: Zhang Rongli , Chu Fangwen , Hu Yunqin , Hu Huiling , Hu Yulong , Liu Huan , Huo Chaofei , Wang Hao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA photo‐crosslinking cinnamic acid‐modified starch (CA‐St) copolymer is synthesized through an esterification reaction using 4‐dimethylaminopyridine and 1‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)‐3‐ethylcarbodiimide as catalysts. The structure of the CA‐St is confirmed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy. Using the nanoprecipitation method, the photo‐crosslinking CA‐St copolymer is aggregated into colloidal particles (CPs). The formation process and photo‐crosslinking of CA‐St CPs are evaluated in terms of size distribution, and ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry. The scanning electron microscopy shows that the CA‐St CPs comprise spherical particles with a diameter of approximately 410 nm. This type of photo‐crosslinking CP has potential applications in nano‐ and biotechnology fields.