bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SDG 13 and the entwining of climate and sustainability metagovernance: an archaeological–genealogical analysis of goals-based climate governance
Authors: Charnock Robert , Hoskin Keith 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThis paper brings insights from accounting scholarship to the measurement and reporting challenges of metagovernance approaches to sustainable development. Where scholarship on metagovernance—the combination of market, hierarchical and network governance—proposes deductive approaches to such challenges, we contend that a historically informed “abductive” approach offers valuable insight into therealpolitikof intergovernmental frameworks.Design/methodology/approachThe paper adopts a Foucauldian “archaeological–genealogical” method to investigate the inclusion of climate change as a Sustainable Development Goal (SDG). It analyses more than 100 documents and texts, tracking the statement forms that crystallise prevailing truth claims across the development of climate and SDG metagovernance.FindingsWe show how the truth claims now enshrined in the Paris Agreement on Climate Change constrained the conceptualisation and operationalisation of SDG 13:Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts. The paper thereby reframes recent measurement and reporting challenges as outcomes of conceptual conflicts between the technicist emphasis of divisions within the United Nations and the truth claims enshrined in intergovernmental agreements.Originality/valueThis paper demonstrates how an archaeological–genealogical approach may start to address the measurement and reporting challenges facing climate and SDG metagovernance. It also highlights that the two degrees target on climate change has a manifest variability of interpretation and shows how this characteristic has become pivotal to operationalising climate metagovernance in a manner that respects the sovereignty of developing nations.
The short- and long-run drivers of lending behaviour by South African banks
Authors: Coetzee Johan , Genukile Lwazi 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThe role of banks to efficiently allocate loans to borrowers is fundamental to a thriving economy. In South Africa this is particularly important, given a challenging socio-economic environment with high levels of unemployment and poor levels of economic growth. This paper investigates the short- and long-run determinants of bank lending behaviour for South African banks.Design/methodology/approachThe study design uses time-series data in an autoregressive distributed-lagged model for the period 1994–2016.FindingsThe results indicate that factors such as the volume of deposits and the size of a bank are central to explaining bank lending behaviour in the short run, whereas GDP was found to be the only factor explaining lending behaviour in the long run.Originality/valueThe results suggest that the regulatory role of the South African Reserve Bank to ensure financial stability instils trust and certainty in the banking industry and is reflected in the short-run implications to ensure that large banks are stable and depositors avoid a run on a bank's deposits. This is particularly relevant if the long-run trajectory of the economy is one of sustainable economic growth. Furthermore, although the reserve bank is constantly under threat of not having a pro-growth policy agenda, the results support its role to promote confidence and trust through its financial stability policy. Should confidence in the financisal system not be present, it is argued that systemic risk will be exacerbated through the potential failure of large banks and depositors withdrawing their funds through a run on the bank in the short run. Where financial stability is present, market participants will be more inclined to make deposits into the large South African banks, given the trust and certainty within the system.
An empirical investigation of the relationship between TSR, value-based and accounting-based performance measures
Authors: Makhija Harnesh , Trivedi Pankaj 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThe paper aims to find out the information content of performance measures from accounting and value-based measures that best explain the total shareholder return.Design/ methodology/ approachTo achieve this aim, static and dynamic panel data regression analysis is applied to the sample of 56 Indian companies taken from the Nifty Midcap 100 Index, between 2012 and 2019.FindingsIt is found that accounting-based measures have more relative information content in predicting total shareholder return as compared to value-based measures. Economic value added (EVA) and cash value added (CVA) do not add to the information content provided by accounting-based measures. A combination of accounting-based measures and value-added intellectual coefficient (VAIC) adds marginally to the information content provided by accounting-based measures in explaining the total shareholder return. Dynamic panel regression analysis shows that return on assets (ROA), return on capital employed (ROCE), return on equity (ROE) and EVA have a significant impact on total shareholder return.Originality/valueIn this study, along with EVA, other measures from value-based measures, i.e. CVA are empirically tested to explain the total shareholder return. Intellectual capital efficiency computed by VAIC is also empirically tested along with accounting-based measures, EVA, CVA and market value added (MVA). To bring robustness to findings, data are tested by using dynamic panel regression analysis.
Mate‐finding dispersal reduces local mate limitation and sex bias in dispersal
Authors: Mishra Abhishek , Tung Sudipta , Shree Sruti V. R. , Srivathsa Sahana , Dey Sutirth 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Sex‐biased dispersal (SBD) often skews the local sex ratio in a population. This can result in a shortage of mates for individuals of the less‐dispersive sex. Such mate limitation can lead to Allee effects in populations that are small or undergoing range expansion, consequently affecting their survival, growth, stability and invasion speed.

Theory predicts that mate shortage can lead to either an increase or a decrease in the dispersal of the less‐dispersive sex. However, neither of these predictions have been empirically validated.

To investigate how SBD‐induced mate limitation affects dispersal of the less‐dispersive sex, we used Drosophila melanogaster populations with varying dispersal propensities. To rule out any mate‐independent density effects, we examined the behavioural plasticity of dispersal in the presence of mates as well as same‐sex individuals with differential dispersal capabilities.

In the presence of high‐dispersive mates, the dispersal of both male and female individuals was significantly increased. However, the magnitude of this increase was much larger in males than in females, indicating that the former shows greater mate‐finding dispersal. Moreover, the dispersal of either sex did not change when dispersing alongside high‐ or low‐dispersive individuals of the same sex. This suggested that the observed plasticity in dispersal was indeed due to mate‐finding dispersal, and not mate‐independent density effects.

Strong mate‐finding dispersal can diminish the magnitude of sex bias in dispersal. This can modulate the evolutionary processes that shape range expansions and invasions, depending on the population size. In small populations, mate‐finding dispersal can ameliorate Allee effects. However, in large populations, it can dilute the effects of spatial sorting.
Characterization and functional analysis of chitinase family genes involved in nymph–adult transition of Sogatella furcifera
Authors: Yang Xibin , Zhou Cao , Long Guiyun , Yang Hong , Chen Chen , Jin Daochao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChitinase degrades chitin in the old epidermis or peritrophic matrix of insects, which ensures normal development and metamorphosis. In our previous work, we comprehensively studied the function of SfCht7 in Sogatella furcifera. However, the number and function of chitinase genes in S. furcifera remain unknown. Here, we identified 12 full‐length chitinase transcripts from S. furcifera, which included nine chitinase (Cht), two imaginal disc growth factor (IDGF), and one endo‐β‐N‐acetylglucosaminidase (ENGase) genes. Expression analysis results revealed that the expression levels of eight genes (SfCht3, SfCht5, SfCht6‐1, SfCht6‐2, SfCht7, SfCht8, SfCht10, and SfIDGF2) with similar transcript levels peaked prior to molting of each nymph and were highly expressed in the integument. Based on RNA interference (RNAi), description of the functions of each chitinase gene indicated that the silencing of SfCht5, SfCht10, and SfIDGF2 led to molting defects and lethality. RNAi inhibited the expressions of SfCht5, SfCht7, SfCht10, and SfIDGF2, which led to downregulated expressions of chitin synthase 1 (SfCHS1, SfCHS1a, and SfCHS1b) and four chitin deacetylase genes (SfCDA1, SfCDA2, SfCDA3, and SfCDA4), and caused a change in the expression level of two trehalase genes (TRE1 and TRE2). Furthermore, silencing of SfCht7 induced a significant decrease in the expression levels of three wing development‐related genes (SfWG, SfDpp, and SfHh). In conclusion, SfCht5, SfCht7, SfCht10, and SfIDGF2 play vital roles in nymph–adult transition and are involved in the regulation of chitin metabolism, and SfCht7 is also involved in wing development; therefore, these genes are potential targets for control of S. furcifera.
Mass spectrometry of urinary β2 microglobulin oligomer in patients with proteinuria
Authors: Akizuki Setsuko , Kawano Katsumi , Iwamoto Takeo , Nakada Koji , Ohnishi Akihiro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUrinary β2 microglobulin (β2‐m) is a marker of renal tubule dysfunction; however, β2‐m might become degraded under acidic conditions. To confirm the degradation and consequent deactivation of β2‐m under acidic conditions, we used matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) to detect the levels and forms of β2‐m in the urine samples of patients with high proteinuria (n = 21) and healthy subjects (n = 6). β2‐m was purified in crude form using immunoprecipitation. A signal of 11.74 kDa, corresponding to the molecular weight of β2‐m, was detected in all samples. In addition, several high‐molecular‐weight proteins were detected in a patient as integrals of the intensity at 11.74 kDa. These results indicate that posttranslational modifications of β2‐m might be involved in the pathological process of proteinuria. Therefore, MS can be used for monitoring proteinuria and predicting the risk of progression.
Lysophosphatidylserine induces eosinophil extracellular trap formation and degranulation: Implications in severe asthma
Authors: Kim Hye Jeong , Sim Myeong Seong , Lee Dong Hyun , Kim Chun , Choi Youngwoo , Park Hae‐Sim , Chung Il Yup 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecent evidence demonstrates that activated eosinophils undergo a distinct form of lytic cell death, accompanied by formation of DNA‐based eosinophil extracellular trap (EET) and degranulation, enhancing inflammatory immune responses in asthmatic airways. We previously showed that human blood eosinophils undergo degranulation in response to lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS), an inflammatory lipid mediator, and strongly express P2Y10, a LysoPS receptor.MethodsWe evaluated EET, degranulation, and cell death of eosinophils in response to various concentrations of LysoPS. We also compared responsiveness to LysoPS between eosinophils from severe and nonsevere asthmatics.ResultsExtensive EET formation was elicited from a substantial fraction of stimulated eosinophils in response to 50 μmol/L LysoPS. Analyses for LDH and eosinophil‐derived neurotoxin release showed that both lytic cell death and degranulation accompanied EET formation in response to LysoPS. Cytological analyses demonstrated that citrullinated histone 3 was present in the extracellular, filamentous DNA structure embedded with eosinophil granules. The LysoPS‐induced EET was independent of ROS production and irrelevant to several signaling pathways examined, but dependent on protein arginine deiminase 4. A low concentration of LysoPS (5 μmol/L) did not induce EET or degranulation, but significantly increased platelet‐activating factor‐induced degranulation. Eosinophils from severe asthmatics exhibited greater degranulation, but not EET formation, in response to LysoPS (50 μmol/L), than those from nonsevere asthmatics, along with great expression of surface P2Y10.ConclusionsWe identified a novel function of LysoPS, namely induction of EET in association with cytolysis and degranulation. LysoPS‐dependent EET or degranulation plays a potential role in eosinophilic inflammation of severe asthma.
Rates of hypogonadism forms in Klinefelter patients undergoing testicular sperm extraction: A multicenter cross‐sectional study
Authors: Pozzi Edoardo , Boeri Luca , Capogrosso Paolo , Palmisano Franco , Preto Mirko , Sibona Mattia , Franceschelli Alessandro , Ruiz‐Castañé Eduard , Sarquella‐Geli Joaquim , Bassas‐Arnau Lluís , Scroppo Fabrizio I. , Gentile Giorgio , Falcone Marco , Timpano Massimiliano , Ceruti Carlo , Gadda Franco , Colombo Fulvio , Rolle Luigi , Gontero Paolo , Montorsi Francesco , Sánchez‐Curbelo Josvany , Montanari Emanuele , Salonia Andrea 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroduction and objectivesAdult patients with Klinefelter syndrome (KS) may present with testicular volume loss and a decrease in circulating testosterone (T) levels. However, the actual rate of hypogonadism in adult KS men is unknown. We aimed to (a) assess the prevalence of different forms of hypogonadism in a cohort of KS patients with non‐obstructive azoospermia (NOA); and (b) investigate potential preoperative predictor of positive sperm retrieval (SR) at surgery in the same cohort of men.MethodsComplete data from 103 KS men with NOA who underwent testicular sperm extraction (TESE) between 2008 and 2019 at five centers were analyzed. Comorbidities were scored with the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Patients were categorized into four groups of hypogonadism as follows: eugonadism [normal total T (tT) (≥3.03 ng/mL) and normal luteinizing hormone (LH) (≤9.4 mUI/mL)], secondary hypogonadism [low tT (≤3.03 ng/mL) and low/normal LH (≤9.4 mUI/mL)], primary hypogonadism [low tT (≤3.03 ng/mL) and elevated LH (≥9.4 mUI/mL)], and compensated hypogonadism [normal tT (≥3.03 ng/mL) and elevated LH (≥9.4 mUI/mL)]. Descriptive statistics tested the association between clinical characteristics and laboratory values among the four groups.ResultsMedian (IQR) patients age was 32 (24, 37) years. Baseline follicle‐stimulating hormone and tT levels were 29.5 (19.9, 40.9) mUI/mL and 3.8 (2.5, 11.0) ng/mL, respectively. Eugonadism, primary hypogonadism, and compensated hypogonadism were found in 16 (15.6%), 34 (33.0%), and 53 (51.4%) men, respectively. No patients had secondary hypogonadism. Positive SR rate at TESE was 21.4% (22 patients); of 22, 15 (68.2%) patients underwent assisted reproductive technology and five (22.7%) ended in live birth children. Patients’ age, BMI, CCI, FSH levels, and positive SR rates were comparable among hypogonadism groups. No preoperative parameters were associated with positive SR at logistic regressions analysis.ConclusionsFindings from this cross‐sectional study showed that 15.6% of adult KS men have normal tT values at presentation in the real‐life setting. Most KS patients presented with either compensated or primary hypogonadism. Sperm retrieval rates were not associated with different forms of hypogonadism.
Unsuspected choledocholithiasis found by routine intra‐operative cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: O'Neill Robert S. , Wennmacker Sarah Z. , Bhimani Nazim , van Dijk Aafke H. , de Reuver Philip , Hugh Thomas J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe true incidence of unsuspected choledocholithiasis found during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is unknown. Untreated ‘silent’ stones may be associated with significant long‐term risks. The aim of this study was to establish the incidence of unsuspected common bile duct stones (CBDS) and to determine the management and associated risk factors for unsuspected CBDS.MethodsRetrospective review of a large consecutive series of patients from Australia who underwent LC in a tertiary referral setting. Percentages of unsuspected CBDS, management and complications were reported. Pre‐operative and intra‐operative factors associated with unsuspected CBDS were determined using multivariable logistic regression analysis.ResultsFrom a total of 1998 patients who underwent LC, 747 (37.4%) patients with no pre‐operative suspicious factors were the subject of this study. CBDS were detected in 24 (3.2%) patients and all were managed either laparoscopically or endoscopically. Risk factors independently associated with unsuspected CBDS included patients >55 years of age (odds ratio 2.93, P = 0.038) and a large cystic duct size (odds ratio = 3.13, P < 0.001) on multivariable analysis.ConclusionThe incidence of patients with unsuspected CBDS on intra‐operative cholangiography is low. Complete clearance of these stones can be achieved using a combination of laparoscopic and endoscopic methods.
Resource‐related variables drive individual variation in flowering phenology and mediate population‐level flowering responses to climate in an asynchronously reproducing palm
Authors: Ramirez‐Parada Tadeo , Cabrera Domingo , Diaz‐Martin Zoe , Browne Luke , Karubian Jordan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMany tropical plant species show wide intra‐population variation in reproductive timing, resulting in the protracted presence of flowering and fruiting individuals. Various eco‐evolutionary drivers have been proposed as ultimate causes for asynchronous phenology, yet little is known about the proximate factors that control reproductive onset among individuals or that influence the proportion of trees producing new inflorescences within a population. We employed a nine‐year phenological record from 178 individuals of the hyperdominant, asynchronously flowering canopy palm, Oenocarpus bataua (Arecaceae)¸ to assess whether resource‐related variables influence individual‐ and population‐level flowering phenology. Among individuals, access to sunlight increased rates of inflorescence production, while the presence of resource sinks related to current investment in reproduction—developing infructescences—reduced the probability of producing new inflorescences. At the population level, climate anomalies induced by El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) affected the proportion of the population producing inflorescences through time. Moreover, the effects of ENSO anomalies on flowering patterns depended on the prevalence of developing infructescences in the population, with stronger effects in periods of low developing‐infructescence frequency. Taken together, these results suggest that resource‐related variables can drive phenological differences among individuals and mediate population‐level responses to larger‐scale variables, such as climate anomalies. Consequently, a greater focus on the role of resource levels as endogenous cues for reproduction might help explain the frequent aseasonal phenological patterns observed among tropical plants, particularly those showing high intra‐population asynchrony.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
FBXO22, an epigenetic multiplayer coordinating senescence, hormone signaling, and metastasis
Authors: Johmura Yoshikazu , Harris Alexander S. , Ohta Tomohiko , Nakanishi Makoto 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUbiquitin‐dependent protein degradation has been implicated in the control of various cellular processes such as cell cycle control, transcriptional regulation, DNA damage repair, and apoptosis, many of which are involved in the initiation, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance of cancers. E3 ubiquitin ligases are known to be the second most prevalent cancer‐related functional gene family next to protein kinases. Of these, FBXO22, an F‐box receptor subunit of SCF E3 ligase, has recently been proposed to play a critical role in multiple aspects related to cancer development and therapy response. Firstly, FBXO22 is a key regulator of senescence induction through ubiquitylation of p53 for degradation. FBXO22 also acts as a molecular switch for the antagonistic and agonistic actions of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) and determines the sensitivity of breast cancer to SERM by ubiquitylating KDM4B complexed with unliganded or SERMs‐bound estrogen receptor (ER). Furthermore, FBXO22 binds to Bach1, a pro‐metastatic transcription factor, suppressing Bach1‐driven metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma, and loss of FBXO22 facilitates metastasis. These findings, as well as other reports, unveiled strikingly important roles of FBXO22 in cancer development and therapeutic strategy. In this review, we summarize recent findings of how FBXO22 regulates major cancer suppression pathways.
A Forward Bias in Human Profile‐Oriented Portraits
Authors: Miton Helena , Sperber Dan , Hernik Mikołaj 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe spatial composition of human portraits obeys historically changing cultural norms. We show that it is also affected by cognitive factors that cause greater spontaneous attention to what is in front rather in the back of an agent. Scenes with more space in front of a directed object are both more often produced and judged as more aesthetically pleasant. This leads to the prediction that, in profile‐oriented human portraits, compositions with more space in front of depicted agents (a “forward bias”) should be over‐represented. By analyzing a large dataset (total N of 1,831 paintings by 582 unique identified European painters from the 15th to the 20th century), we found evidence of this forward bias: Painters tended to put more free space in front of, rather than behind, the sitters. Additionally, we found evidence that this forward bias became stronger when cultural norms of spatial composition favoring centering became less stringent.
Land‐use history determines ecosystem services and conservation value in tropical agroforestry
Authors: Martin Dominic Andreas , Osen Kristina , Grass Ingo , Hölscher Dirk , Tscharntke Teja , Wurz Annemarie , Kreft Holger 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAgroforestry is widely promoted as a potential solution to address multiple UN Sustainable Development Goals, including Zero Hunger, Responsible Consumption and Production, Climate Action, and Life on Land. Nonetheless, agroforests in the tropics often result from direct forest conversions, displacing rapidly vanishing and highly biodiverse forests with large carbon stocks, causing undesirable trade‐offs. Scientists thus debate whether the promotion of agroforestry in tropical landscapes is a sensible policy. So far, this debate typically fails to consider land‐use history, that is, whether an agroforest is derived from forest or from open land. Indeed, 57% of papers which we systematically reviewed did not describe the land‐use history of focal agroforestry systems. We further find that forest‐derived agroforestry supports higher biodiversity than open‐land‐derived agroforestry but essentially represents a degradation of forest, whereas open‐land‐derived agroforestry rehabilitates formerly forested open land. Based on a conceptual framework, we recommend to (a) promote agroforestry on suitable open land, (b) maintain tree cover in existing forest‐derived agroforests, and (c) conserve remaining forests. Land‐use history should be incorporated into land‐use policy to avoid incentivizing forest degradation and to harness the potential of agroforestry for ecosystem services and biodiversity.