bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First indications for reduced mortality of non-target invertebrate benthic megafauna after pulse beam trawling
Authors: Bergman Magda J N , Meesters Erik H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Two alternative stimulation techniques to reduce mortality in benthic megafauna were tested relative to standard tickler chain beam trawling: longitudinal electrodes (pulse trawl) and longitudinal chains. Longitudinal chains caused higher mortality than pulse trawling in 3 species. Standard trawling gave higher mortality in Echinocardium cordatum than pulse trawling. Between longitudinal chain and standard trawling were no significant differences. This trend in decreasing mortality from longitudinal, to standard and then pulse trawling was confirmed by a similar decline in: i) numbers of significant species mortalities per trawl type, ii) average mortalities, i.e. longitudinal chain caused 41% more mortality than standard trawling and pulse trawling 43% less, iii) pre- and post-trawling community dissimilarities. A significant majority of species showed higher mortalities after longitudinal than after standard trawling and, conversely, lower mortalities after pulse trawling. Trawls with longitudinal chains instead of cross tickler chains increase megafaunal impact. On the contrary, pulse trawling can reduce the impact, although average mortality remains substantial (25%) even in impoverished benthic test assemblages in the southern North Sea. Power, generally was low and reference areas, free of (pulse) trawling, and inhabited by more vulnerable taxa will facilitate higher powered studies on the impact of standard and alternative trawling techniques.
An integrated investigation of the effects of ocean acidification on adult abalone (Haliotis tuberculata)
Authors: Avignon Solène , Auzoux-Bordenave Stéphanie , Martin Sophie , Dubois Philippe , Badou Aïcha , Coheleach Manon , Richard Nicolas , Di Giglio Sarah , Malet Loïc , Servili Arianna , Gaillard Fanny , Huchette Sylvain , Roussel Sabine 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOcean acidification (OA) and its subsequent changes in seawater carbonate chemistry are threatening the survival of calcifying organisms. Due to their use of calcium carbonate to build their shells, marine molluscs are particularly vulnerable. This study investigated the effect of CO2-induced OA on adult European abalone (Haliotis tuberculata) using a multi-parameter approach. Biological (survival, growth), physiological (pHT of haemolymph, phagocytosis, metabolism, gene expression), and structural responses (shell strength, nano-indentation measurements, Scanning electron microscopy imaging of microstructure) were evaluated throughout a 5-month exposure to ambient (8.0) and low (7.7) pH conditions. During the first 2 months, the haemolymph pH was reduced, indicating that abalone do not compensate for the pH decrease of their internal fluid. Overall metabolism and immune status were not affected, suggesting that abalone maintain their vital functions when facing OA. However, after 4 months of exposure, adverse effects on shell growth, calcification, microstructure, and resistance were highlighted, whereas the haemolymph pH was compensated. Significant reduction in shell mechanical properties was revealed at pH 7.7, suggesting that OA altered the biomineral architecture leading to a more fragile shell. It is concluded that under lower pH, abalone metabolism is maintained at a cost to growth and shell integrity. This may impact both abalone ecology and aquaculture.
The surgical management of retrograde type A aortic dissection after thoracic endovascular aortic repair
Authors: Dun Yaojun , Shi Yi , Guo Hongwei , Liu Yanxiang , Zhang Bowen , Sun Xiaogang , Qian Xiangyang , Yu Cuntao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOBJECTIVESOur goal was to review the surgical treatment of retrograde type A aortic dissection (RTAD) after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) in our centre.METHODSFrom January 2014 to April 2018, 22 patients with RTAD after TEVAR were operated on in our centre. The mean age at operation was 52.0 ± 8.0 years old. The median interval between the primary TEVAR procedure and RTAD was 4.6 months (range 0–120 months). The postoperative mortality and morbidity rates were calculated to evaluate the early and long-term results.RESULTSTwenty patients received total arch replacement with the frozen elephant trunk technique and 2 patients received total arch replacement alone. The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic cross-clamp time and selective cerebral perfusion time were 172.4 ± 39.3, 100.1 ± 30.3 and 19.7 ± 10.5 min, respectively. The incidence of major adverse events was 18.6% (4/22), including stroke in 1 patient, myocardial dysfunction in 1 patient and renal failure necessitating dialysis in 3 patients. Death within 30 days was 13.6% (3/22 patients). The follow-up data were available for all 19 survivors. The mean follow-up period was 32.2 ± 16.2 months (range 10–62 months). No deaths or aortic-related events occurred during the follow-up period.CONCLUSIONSTotal arch replacement with or without the frozen elephant trunk technique was suitable for the management of RTAD after TEVAR, with acceptable early and long-term results.
The Molecular-Container Calabadion-2 Prevents Methamphetamine-Induced Reinstatement in Rats: A Potential Approach to Relapse Prevention?
Authors: Leonard Michael Z , Rostin Paul , Hill Kevin P , Grabitz Stephanie D , Eikermann Matthias , Miczek Klaus A 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundReexposure to methamphetamine with a single “priming dose” can trigger intense cravings and precipitate relapse in methamphetamine-dependent individuals. The acyclic cucurbit[n]uril “molecular container” calabadion-2 shows a high affinity to bind and sequester methamphetamine in vitro and attenuates its locomotor-stimulating effect in rats. The present study investigates whether pretreatment with calabadion-2 is sufficient to prevent the reinstatement of drug seeking by a priming dose of methamphetamine in rats.MethodsMale Long-Evans rats were trained to self-administer i.v. methamphetamine (0.06 mg/kg/infusion). Following 10 days of stable self-administration, rats underwent extinction training and were subsequently tested on a multi-phase reinstatement procedure. Drug-primed reinstatement sessions (0.3 mg/kg methamphetamine, i.v.) were preceded by either saline or calabadion-2 (130 mg/kg). Additional reinstatement tests were conducted after administration of yohimbine (1.0 mg/kg, i.v.) to define the pharmacological specificity of calabadion-2.ResultsPretreatment with calabadion-2 significantly attenuated methamphetamine-induced reinstatement of responding. Cal2 did not affect drug-seeking behavior stimulated by the pharmacological stressor yohimbine, indicating a mechanism of action specific to methamphetamine.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate the effectiveness of calabadion-2 in a preclinical model relapse-like behavior. With further structural optimization, molecular containers may provide a novel and efficacious pharmacokinetic approach to relapse prevention for methamphetamine-dependent individuals.
A Basis of Casimirs in 3D Magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Khesin Boris , Peralta-Salas Daniel , Yang Cheng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We prove that any regular Casimir in 3D magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is a function of the magnetic helicity and cross-helicity. In other words, these two helicities are the only independent regular integral invariants of the coadjoint action of the MHD group $\textrm{SDiff}(M)\ltimes \mathfrak X^*(M)$, which is the semidirect product of the group of volume-preserving diffeomorphisms and the dual space of its Lie algebra.
Effect of high-dose rifampicin on efavirenz pharmacokinetics: drug–drug interaction randomized trial
Authors: Atwine Daniel , Baudin Elisabeth , Gelé Thibaut , Muyindike Winnie , Mworozi Kenneth , Kyohairwe Racheal , Kananura Keneth , Orikiriza Patrick , Nyehangane Dan , K.T. Nanjebe Deborah , Furlan Valérie , Verstuyft Céline , Barrail-Tran Aurélie , Taburet Anne-Marie , Bonnet Maryline ,   ANRS 12292 Rifavirenz study group, Logoose S , Akatuhebwa D , Asiimwe B , Arimpa A , Arinaitwe R , Mwanga-Amumpaire J , Taremwa I M , Mucunguzi E , Kyarimpa R , Muganzi D , Natukunda E , Atwine L , Kassaza K , Turyashemererwa E , Munyambabazi H , Nalusaji A , Turuho T , Tumwebaze B , Bertrand J , Rouveau N , Justumus P 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
High-dose rifampicin is considered to shorten anti-TB treatment duration but its effect on antiretroviral metabolism is unknown.

Objectives
To assess the effect of doubling the rifampicin dose (to 20 mg/kg/day, R20) on efavirenz pharmacokinetics (PK) in HIV/TB coinfected patients.

Methods
Open-label Phase 2 drug–drug interaction randomized trial. Pulmonary TB, ART-naive adults were randomized to R20 and either efavirenz 600 mg (EFV600) or 800 mg (EFV800), or rifampicin 10 mg/kg/day (R10) and EFV600 with a 1:1:1 ratio. Patients were first started on TB treatment and 2–4 weeks later started on ART. They were switched to R10 and EFV600 after 8 weeks. Full PK sampling was done 4 weeks (on rifampicin) and 24 weeks (off rifampicin) after ART initiation. Transaminases, plasma HIV-1 RNA and sputum cultures were monitored. The efavirenz geometric mean ratio (GMR) of AUC at 4 and 24 weeks after ART initiation within the same patient was calculated in each arm and its 90% CI was compared with a preset range (0.70–1.43).

Results
Of 98 enrolled patients (32 in the R20EFV600 arm, 33 in the R20EFV800 arm and 33 in the R10EFV600 arm), 87 had full PK sampling. For the R20EFV600, R20EFV800 and R10EFV600 arms, GMRs of efavirenz AUC were 0.87 (90% CI: 0.75–1.00), 1.12 (90% CI: 0.96–1.30) and 0.96 (90% CI: 0.84–1.10). Twelve weeks after ART initiation, 78.6%, 77.4% and 72.4% of patients had HIV-1 RNA below 100 copies/mL and 85.7%, 86.7% and 80.0% had Week 8 culture conversion, respectively. Two patients per arm experienced a severe increase in transaminases.

Conclusions
Doubling the rifampicin dose had a small effect on efavirenz concentrations and was well tolerated.
A Novel Cell-Free Fluorescent Assay for HDL Function: Low Apolipoprotein A1 Exchange Rate Associated with Increased Incident Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Lorkowski Shuhui Wang , Brubaker Gregory , Li Lin , Li Xinmin S , Hazen Stanley L , Smith Jonathan D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Cholesterol efflux capacity is a tissue culture assay for HDL function that is not amenable for high-throughput monitoring of risk assessment.

Methods
We devised a cell-free HDL function assay to measure the exchange rate of exogenous apoA1 into serum HDL using NBD/Alexa647 double-labeled apoA1, whose NBD/Alexa647 emission ratio increased upon exchange into HDL. ApoA1 exchange rate (AER) was assayed by incubating labeled apoA1 with human serum, and the rate of the increase of the NBD/Alexa647 ratio over time was calculated as AER.

Results
Fast protein liquid chromatography analysis of serum confirmed that the labeled apoA1 selectively exchanged into the HDL lipoprotein fraction. Characterization studies demonstrated that the AER assay had excellent intra- and inter-day reproducibility, was stable over 3 freeze-thaw cycles, and yielded similar results with serum or plasma. We quantified AER in serum from randomly selected stable subjects undergoing elective diagnostic coronary angiography (n = 997). AER was correlated with HDL-cholesterol (r = 0.58, P &lt; 0.0001) and apoA1 levels (r = 0.56, P &lt; 0.0001). Kaplan-Meier survival plot showed subjects in the lowest quartile of AER experienced a significantly higher rate of incident major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE = myocardial infarction, stroke, or death) (P &lt; 0.0069 log rank). Moreover, compared to subjects in the lowest AER quartile, the remaining subjects showed significantly lower incident (3 year) risk for MACE, even after adjustment for traditional risk factors and apoA1 (HR 0.58; 95% CI 0.40–0.85; P = 0.005).

Conclusions
In a prospective cohort of stable subjects undergoing elective diagnostic cardiac evaluations, low AER was associated with increased incident risk of MACE.
A Single-Column Gas Chromatography Method for Quantifying Toxic Alcohols
Authors: Kemble David J , Cervinski Mark A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Rapid identification and quantification of toxic alcohols and ethylene glycol is imperative for appropriate treatment. Clinical laboratories frequently rely on direct injection gas chromatography (GC) methods, but these methods require inlet maintenance and multiple GC systems. To overcome these challenges, we developed a single-column headspace GC method for both toxic alcohols and glycols that streamlines patient sample analysis for toxic alcohol ingestion.

Methods
Optimal parameters for nonderivatized (volatile) and derivatized (glycol) plasma samples were determined using a 7890 A headspace sampler, an Agilent 7697 A GC system, a DB-200 column, and a flame ionization detector. Limit of Quantification (LoQ), linearity, imprecision, carry-over, method comparison, and interference studies were performed using quality control materials and prepared plasma samples.

Results
Our volatile method is linear to 3000 mg/L (ethanol) with LoQ concentrations below 20 mg/L (ethanol). The glycol method is linear to 2000 mg/L (ethylene glycol) with LoQ concentrations below 40 mg/L (ethylene glycol). Total assay impression ranged from 1.7% for ethanol to 13.3% for propylene glycol. Both methods were free of sample carryover and compared favorably with a similar clinical method at an outside laboratory. Propionic acid, an accumulating metabolite in methylmalonic acidemia that interferes with ethylene glycol identification by a different method, did not interfere with the ethylene glycol method reported here.

Conclusions
Our single-column headspace GC method provides reliable, robust, and rapid identification and quantification of commonly encountered toxic alcohols. Clinical laboratories relying on direct injection Gas Chromatography (GC) for toxic alcohol analysis face challenges including frequent inlet maintenance, sample carryover, or the need for separate GC systems for volatile and glycol analysis. We summarize our development and optimization of two headspace GC methods for nonderivatized (volatile) and derivatized (glycol) plasma samples that use a single DB-200 analytical column. These methods are comparable to other GC methods, not prone to sample carryover, eliminate the need for multiple GC systems or columns, and are readily applicable to other laboratories that provide toxic alcohol analysis.
The Impact of Undetected In Vitro Hemolysis or Sample Contamination on Patient Care and Outcomes in Point-of-Care Testing: A Retrospective Study
Authors: O’Hara Matthew , Wheatley Elizabeth G , Kazmierczak Steven C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Point-of-care (POC) testing is an integral diagnostic component in clinical settings like the emergency department (ED). However, most POC testing devices are unable to detect endogenous interferents such as hemolysis, which typically occurs during sample collection and handling and can falsely increase measured potassium (pseudohyperkalemia), a phenomenon we hypothesized may significantly impact patient care.

Methods
In this retrospective study, we evaluated 100 unique admissions to the Oregon Health & Science University ED, presenting with elevated potassium measured at the POC. To evaluate whether in vitro hemolysis had occurred, POC test results were compared to repeat testing of the original specimen, or other specimens tested within 90 minutes in the Core laboratory. Review of associated Electronic Health Records determined whether elevated potassium initially measured using the POC analyzer was real, or due to in vitro hemolysis or contamination, and whether pseudohyperkalemia impacted patient management or care.

Results
Of the 100 admissions with hyperkalemia measured using a POC analyzer, 40% were found to have pseudohyperkalemia due to hemolysis or contamination. Of these 40 patients, 6 experienced repeated testing, and an additional 5 were noted to have altered patient management, specifically due to pseudohyperkalemia.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates the incidence of in vitro hemolysis, which is unknown to the POC operator, is high in patients who show an elevated potassium as measured at the POC. Furthermore, in vitro hemolysis can significantly impact patient management, suggesting that minimizing the incidence of unrecognized hemolysis will benefit hospital efficiency, decrease waste, and improve patient care.
A tutorial on calibration measurements and calibration models for clinical prediction models
Authors: Huang Yingxiang , Li Wentao , Macheret Fima , Gabriel Rodney A , Ohno-Machado Lucila 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOur primary objective is to provide the clinical informatics community with an introductory tutorial on calibration measurements and calibration models for predictive models using existing R packages and custom implemented code in R on real and simulated data. Clinical predictive model performance is commonly published based on discrimination measures, but use of models for individualized predictions requires adequate model calibration. This tutorial is intended for clinical researchers who want to evaluate predictive models in terms of their applicability to a particular population. It is also for informaticians and for software engineers who want to understand the role that calibration plays in the evaluation of a clinical predictive model, and to provide them with a solid starting point to consider incorporating calibration evaluation and calibration models in their work.Covered topics include (1) an introduction to the importance of calibration in the clinical setting, (2) an illustration of the distinct roles that discrimination and calibration play in the assessment of clinical predictive models, (3) a tutorial and demonstration of selected calibration measurements, (4) a tutorial and demonstration of selected calibration models, and (5) a brief discussion of limitations of these methods and practical suggestions on how to use them in practice.
Effects of inulin supplementation on intestinal barrier function and immunity in specific pathogen-free chickens with Salmonella infection
Authors: Song Jiao , Li Qinghe , Everaert Nadia , Liu Ranran , Zheng Maiqing , Zhao Guiping , Wen Jie 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We investigated the effects of inulin on intestinal barrier function and mucosal immunity in Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE)–infected specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. SPF chickens (n = 240, 1-d-old) were divided into 4 groups (6 replicates per group, 10 chickens per replicate): a control group (CON) fed a basal diet without inulin supplementation and 3 SE-infected groups fed a basal diet supplemented with inulin 0% (SE group), 0.5% (0.5% InSE group), and 1% (1% InSE group), respectively. At 28 d of age, the chickens in SE-infected groups were orally infected with SE and in CON group were administrated with phosphated-buffered saline (PBS). Intestinal morphology, mucosal immunity, and intestinal barrier function-related gene expression were analyzed at 1- and 3-d post-infection (dpi). SE challenge significantly increased the mucosal gene expression, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor factor (LITAF), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and increased serum IFN-γ, secretory IgA (sIgA), and IgG concentration, and significantly decreased the gene expression levels of mucin 2 (MUC2) and claudin-1 at 3 dpi compared with the CON group (P &lt; 0.05). Inulin supplementation improved the expression levels of these immunity- and intestinal barrier function-related genes, increased villus height (VH), and decreased crypt depth (CD) in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum at 1 and 3 dpi within the SE-challenged groups (P &lt; 0.05). SE challenge significantly increased ileal Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNA at 1 and 3 dpi, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) mRNA at 1 dpi, and phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) and Janus kinase1 (JAK1) protein expression at 3 dpi compared with the CON group (P &lt; 0.05). Inulin supplementation suppressed p-STAT3 and JAK1 protein expression and promoted ileal TLR4 and SOCS3 mRNA expression at 3 dpi compared with SE group (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, inulin alleviated SE-induced gut injury by decreasing the proinflammatory response and enhancing mucosal immunity in chickens.
The Clinically Relevant Breast Imaging Audit
Authors: D’Orsi Carl Joseph 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An audit of a breast imaging practice must be based on data with accepted definitions and rules so that the comparisons between breast imaging facilities and interpretive staff are comparable. The four basic data points for calculating these metrics are true positive (TP), true negative (TN), false positive (FP), and false negative (FN). For mammography, the definition of “true” is the presence of a proven malignancy within a year of the exam. The presence or absence of breast cancer within a year of the exam and an increase in patient mobility between different facilities may render the calculation of sensitivity and specificity difficult for most facilities unless a regional cancer registry is available.Thus, the metrics that can be easily calculated within a facility are recall rate (all the positive interpretations divided by all the exams read), positive predictive value (PPV) 1 = percentage of abnormal screening exams that result in a diagnosis of cancer within a year, PPV2 = percentage of all diagnostic exams recommended for biopsy and cancer discovered within a year, PPV3 = benign tissue diagnosis and no cancer within a year, and the cancer detection rate (the true positive exams per one thousand exams). Intuitively, one may assume that accuracy (TP + TN/TP + FP + TN + FN) is the best metric for an interpreter. However, this can produce spurious results. The most accurate method to determine a reader’s skills is the use of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, which clearly presents, in graphic form, the relationship between the four basic data points.
Byzantium on display
Authors: Lovino Francesco 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In the early twentieth century, art dealers tailored their activities to the demands of a new generation of collectors who had turned to Byzantine art. The attention paid to Byzantium reached its peak with the Exposition Internationale d’Art Byzantin, at which more than 800 artefacts were displayed in the Pavillon de Marsan at the Musée du Louvre in 1931. This paper aims to investigate the role of private lenders to the exhibition, and particularly that of art dealers, who were instrumental in the founding of many collections of medieval and Byzantine pieces, selecting and importing from the Mediterranean basin fine objects for American and European collectors. The Exposition thus represented for them a prime occasion for the display of goods in a formal and officially recognized environment, and an opportunity to expand their network of clients.