bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A diplomacia ambiental no sul global: um olhar sobre África e América Latina
Authors: Nadir Mohammed , Siqueira Tybusch Jerônimo , Araujo Luiz Ernani Bonesso de 
Published: July 2020

Este artigo analisa em termos jurídico-ambientais as metamorfoses da diplomacia ambiental como arte e como ciência capaz de galvanizar os atores políticos e das relações internacionais para atingir consensos à altura dos desafios ecológicos. Para isso, estuda-se a evolução da diplomacia ambiental desde Estocolmo até Rio 2012, assim como as reuniões anuais da COP para averiguar os resultados efetivos. Em termos comparados, também se analisa a diplomacia ambiental na América Latina e na África, particularmente no Brasil e no Marrocos.
Prática baseada em evidência: um levantamento em profissionais atuantes na área de fisioterapia hospitalar: um estudo transversal
Authors: Costa Pamela Dutra Collato , De Sousa Tatiane Regina , Claudino Renato 
Published: July 2020

Introdução: A Prática Baseada em Evidências (PBE) consiste em uma combinação entre a experiência do terapeuta, a melhor evidência disponível e a preferência/adaptação do paciente. O fisioterapeuta hospitalar detém conhecimentos sobre procedimentos terapêuticos validados por pesquisas, com comprovação da eficácia de suas técnicas. Sua presença é indispensável em setores como UTI adulto, UTI neonatal e enfermarias. Por se tratar de uma área primordial para a reabilitação de pacientes internados, faz-se necessário identificar se os profissionais, que atuam nos diversos setores do ambiente hospitalar, estão devidamente aptos a oferecer o melhor serviço disponível utilizando os princípios da PBE.Objetivo: Descrever comportamentos, conhecimentos, habilidades, opiniões e barreiras relacionados à PBE reportados por fisioterapeutas hospitalares atuantes em um hospital público estadual de Santa Catarina.Métodos: Foi utilizado um questionário eletrônico adaptado que identificou comportamentos, conhecimentos, habilidades, opiniões e barreiras em PBE reportados pelos participantes.Resultados: A taxa de resposta ao questionário foi de 72,72% (16 respondentes). O meio de atualização profissional mais utilizado foram os artigos científicos (56,3%), sendo a base mais acessada a Scielo (93,8%) seguida da Pubmed (81,3%). Os fisioterapeutas (87,5%) relatam que sabem o significado do termo PBE e procuram implantar a melhor evidência científica na prática clínica (75,0%), auxiliando na qualidade dos serviços de saúde (56,3%). As barreiras mais relatadas foram o idioma dos artigos, a falta da qualidade de evidências, a dificuldade de obter o artigo na íntegra, a falta de tempo, a dificuldade de entendimento dos dados estatísticos, a interpretação dos resultados e a falta de treinamento em PBE.Conclusão: Os fisioterapeutas hospitalares relatam atitudes positivas quanto ao uso da PBE, apresentam interesse em aprofundar seus conhecimentos sobre o tema a fim de utilizar a melhor evidência científica na prática clínica, visando à qualidade no atendimento ao paciente. Por outro lado, algumas barreiras dificultam a implantação da PBE na rotina diária de atendimento.
Comparação entre dois instrumentos de avaliação de amplitude de movimento de ombro após Acidente Vascular Encefálico
Authors: Dos Reis Luciana Maria , Santos Gabriela Xavier , Oliveira Sabrina Gabriela , Ferreira Daiane Marques , Kosour Carolina 
Published: July 2020

Introdução: Após o Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE), ocorre mudança no tônus muscular que implica em diminuição da amplitude de movimento (ADM) do ombro. O instrumento mais utilizado para medir a ADM é o goniômetro universal, porém, existem outros métodos, como a fotogrametria.Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia do Kinovea na avaliação da ADM de flexão e abdução do ombro pós-AVE.Materiais e métodos: Participaram do estudo 19 voluntários pós-AVE crônico. A avaliação da ADM de flexão e abdução de ombro foi realizada através da goniometria e análises fotográficas pelo Kinovea. As medidas máximas obtidas nas avaliações foram submetidas a verificação de normalidade pelo teste Shapiro Wilk, as variáveis calculadas foram comparadas pela Correlação de Pearson, com um nível de significância (α) de 0,05.Resultados: As análises demonstraram correlação alta (r0,954; p=0,000) para flexão de ombro e boa (r0,627; p=0,004) para abdução de ombro.Conclusão: O Kinovea apresentou boa eficácia em capturar a ADM de abdução e flexão de ombro nos indivíduos avaliados.
Does surgical procedure type impact postoperative pain and recovery in deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap breast reconstruction?
Authors: Azizi Alexander A. , Mohan Anita T. , Tomouk Taj , Brickley Elizabeth B. , Malata Charles M. 
Published: July 2020

Background The deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap is the commonest flap used for breast reconstruction after mastectomy. It is performed as a unilateral (based on one [unipedicled] or two [bipedicled] vascular pedicles) or bilateral procedure following unilateral or bilateral mastectomies. No previous studies have comprehensively analyzed analgesia requirements and hospital stay of these three forms of surgical reconstruction.
Methods A 7-year retrospective cohort study (2008–2015) of a single-surgeon’s DIEP-patients was conducted. Patient-reported pain scores, patient-controlled morphine requirements and recovery times were compared using non-parametric statistics and multivariable regression.
Results The study included 135 participants: unilateral unipedicled (n=84), unilateral bipedicled (n=24) and bilateral unipedicled (n=27). Univariate comparison of the three DIEP types showed a significant difference in 12-hour postoperative morphine requirements (P=0.020); bipedicled unilateral patients used significantly less morphine than unipedicled (unilateral) patients at 12 (P=0.005), 24 (P=0.020), and 48 (P=0.046) hours. Multivariable regression comparing these two groups revealed that both reconstruction type and smoking status were significant predictors for 12-hour postoperative morphine usage (P=0.038 and P=0.049, respectively), but only smoking, remained significant at 24 (P=0.010) and 48 (P=0.010) hours. Bilateral reconstruction patients’ mean hospital stay was 2 days longer than either unilateral reconstruction (P<0.001).
Conclusions Although all three forms of DIEP flap breast reconstruction had similar postoperative pain measures, a novel finding of our study was that bipedicled DIEP flap harvest might be associated with lower early postoperative morphine requirements. Bilateral and bipedicled procedures in appropriate patients might therefore be undertaken without significantly increased pain/morbidity compared to unilateral unipedicled reconstructions.
The Complicated but Plain Relationship of Intellectual Disability and Well-being
Authors: Gould James 
Published: July 2020

The common belief is that disability is bad for the person who is disabled, that it has a negative effect on well-being. Some disability rights activists and philosophers, however, assert that disability has little or no impact on how well a person’s life goes, that it is neutral with respect to flourishing. In recent articles Stephen Campbell and Joseph Stramondo, while rejecting both views, claim that we cannot make any broad generalizations about the effect of disability on well-being. Whether they are right about physical and sensory disabilities, I do not know, but I argue that they are wrong about intellectual disabilities (ID). A broad generalization about intellectual disabilities is justified: it always has a negative impact on quality of life, even though there is no single negative impact. The disadvantages of ID are plain (all ID is bad) but complicated (its badness depends on multidimensional influences including biological condition, social environment and personal temperament).
Conceptions de la laïcité à l’école publique française : les raisons du succès du libéralisme moral
Authors: Vivarelli Clémentine 
Published: July 2020

À partir d’une enquête de terrain basée sur des observations ethnographiques effectuées dans 25 collèges et lycées publics et sur des entretiens approfondis menés avec une cinquantaine d’acteurs scolaires aux profils variés, cet article met en lumière les tensions axiologiques dont l’idée de laïcité fait l’objet. La distinction entre une laïcité de type républicaine et une laïcité de type libérale permet d’éclairer l’évolution plus générale des conceptions contemporaines de la laïcité au sein de la population française. À ce titre, la laïcité républicaine semble peu à peu perdre du terrain au profit d’une laïcité de reconnaissance. Cette tendance peut sembler paradoxale de prime abord, dans la mesure où l’idée traditionnelle de la laïcité française puise son origine dans l’idéal républicain. Pourtant, le succès du libéralisme tient tout autant à la force intrinsèque du message libéral qu’à des raisons conjoncturelles.
La formation des enseignants à la « neutralité » en Belgique francophone : les formateurs et formatrices partagent-ils une vision commune du « vivre-ensemble » et de la « neutralité »? Enquête exploratoire.
Authors: Wolfs José-Luis , Tisseyre Laure , D’Hondt Delphine , Guillaume Julie 
Published: July 2020

Depuis 2004, les futurs enseignants et enseignantes en Belgique francophone reçoivent une formation de 20 heures au sujet de la « neutralité ». Ce concept pouvant faire l’objet de multiples interprétations, cet article vise à : (1) en examiner l’évolution dans la législation scolaire en Belgique francophone, entre 1958 et 2018, puis à en dégager les tensions sous-jacentes, (2) le situer, en référence à une littérature plus internationale, par rapport à différentes conceptions du « vivre-ensemble » et de la « neutralité », (3) mieux comprendre la position des formateurs et formatrices chargés d’enseigner la « neutralité » aux futurs enseignants et enseignantes par rapport à ces différentes conceptions et, in fine, déterminer dans quelle mesure ces formateurs et formatrices partagent ou non une vision commune. Les résultats montrent une grande hybridité des conceptions à la fois du « vivre-ensemble » et de la « neutralité ».
Proposition d’un programme d’Éthique et vivre-ensemble pour les élèves du Québec1
Authors: Bouchard Nancy 
Published: July 2020

Le programme d’Éthique et culture religieuseen vigueur depuis 2008 dans les écoles du Québec est aujourd’hui remis en question par le ministre de l’Éducation et de l’Enseignement supérieur. Ce programme sera remplacé par un nouveau programme couvrant éventuellement les thèmes suivants : la participation citoyenne et la démocratie, l’éducation juridique, l’écocitoyenneté, l’éducation à la sexualité, le développement de soi et des relations interpersonnelles, l’éthique, la citoyenneté numérique et la culture des sociétés. Ces thèmes disparates peuvent-ils s’articuler dans un même programme? Nous pensons que cela est possible à la condition que l’éthique en soit l’axe central et, avec elle, la quête éthique du vivre-ensemble par le dialogue. Nous pensons aussi que le respect de la dignité humaine en tant que visée dudit programme serait une avenue prometteuse.
Former les futurs enseignants et enseignantes sur la discrimination et les rapports sociaux : d’une question en tension à une pratique sous tension
Authors: Dhume Fabrice 
Published: July 2020

En France, le ministère de l’Éducation nationale a introduit en 2013 l’objectif de « lutte contre les discriminations » dans la formation des futurs enseignants et enseignantes. À partir d’une enquête menée dans trois ESPE (Écoles supérieures du professorat et de l’éducation), montrant la quasi-absence de ce thème, cet article se penche sur les quelques cas d’enseignements portant malgré tout sur les discriminations et les rapports sociaux. Il montre que, outre des contraintes structurelles qui précarisent et marginalisent ces enseignements, les formateurs et formatrices doivent faire face à des résistances de la part de leurs collègues comme des étudiants et étudiantes. Ces résistances s’appuient sur des ressources institutionnelles, ce qui fragilise la position d’autorité des formateurs et formatrices et de leurs savoirs scientifiques. Face à cela, les professionnels et professionnelles déploient une série de tactiques pour atténuer les oppositions, mais ces tactiques reviennent en fin de compte à affaiblir la conflictualité inhérente à ces sujets, au risque d’une dépolitisation des enjeux.
En matière d’accès à l’avortement, les États-Unis rencontrent-ils leurs obligations internationales en vertu du Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques?
Authors: Pominville Archambault Félix 
Published: July 2020

Aux États-Unis, l’accès à l’avortement demeure un enjeu politique hautement controversé. Depuis 2010, on assiste à une hausse significative du nombre de restrictions en limitant l’accès, et ce, dans plusieurs États, malgré le fait que la Cour suprême américaine définisse cet accès à l’avortement comme un droit constitutionnel depuis le jugement Roe v. Wade rendu en 1973. Le présent article aborde le sujet de l’accès à l’avortement aux États-Unis sous l’angle du droit international public. Précisément, il sera question de démontrer pourquoi, en matière d’accès à l’avortement, les États-Unis ne respectent pas leurs obligations en vertu du Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques (PIDCP) qu’ils ont ratifié en 1992. Afin de déterminer les obligations des États ayant ratifié le PIDCP, les protections que confère ce dernier en matière d’accès à l’avortement seront ensuite illustrées à travers une analyse de la « jurisprudence » du Comité des droits de l’homme. L’accès à l’avortement aux États-Unis sera ensuite examiné. Pour ce faire, l’évolution et l’état actuel de la jurisprudence de la Cour suprême en la matière seront analysés. La réalité sur le terrain le sera également afin de saisir l’effet réel des restrictions légales limitant l’accès. La situation politico-juridique entourant la composition de la Cour suprême sera exposée afin de mettre en lumière les nuances politiques relatives à l’avortement aux États-Unis.
Interest Rates and Foreign Investor Activity in Kenya: Evidence from Nairobi Securities Exchange
Authors: Koskei Loice 
Published: July 2020

Interest rates play a key role in attracting foreign investor activity in the country. This study investigated the effect of interest rates on foreign investor activity at Nairobi Securities Exchange in Kenya. Monthly data was collected from Nairobi Securities Exchange, Central Bank of Kenya and Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. Time series data for eleven year period spanning from January 2009 to December 2019 was used. The multiple regression model results disclosed that interest rates as measured by lending rate had a positive and statistically significant effect on foreign investor. Inflation rate results had a negatively but statistically significant effect on foreign investor. The results for exchange rate had a negative but statistically insignificant effect on foreign investor activity. The deposit rate results indicated a negative and statistically significant effect on foreign investor activity implying that commercial banks deposit rate has an effect on foreign investor activity. The results for 91-day treasury bills specified a positive and non-statistically insignificant relationship with foreign investor activity pointing that for 91- day treasury bills do not affect the foreign investor activity at Nairobi securities exchange in Kenya.
The Effects of Curcuma longa in Insulin Resistance
Authors: Salzedas Laís Maria Pescinini , Batista Giullia Trevisan Covre Simão , Barbalho Sandra Maria 
Published: July 2020

Background: Curcumin is seen as an anti-hyperglycemic agent that acts by improving the expression of glucose transporters. It is also related to the reduction of glycosylated hemoglobin, improvement of insulin sensitivity, plasma lipids, and blood pressure.
Aim: The purpose of this article is to review the effects of Curcuma longa in insulin resistance.
Methodology: PUBMED and EMBASE databases were searched, and PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis) guidelines were followed to build the review.
Results: Nineteen Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) met the inclusion criteria and were described according to PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcomes).
Conclusion: Curcumin could be considered in the therapeutic approach of patients with Insulin Resistance, once it is related to the reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation, serum fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR, blood pressure, serum lipids, and liver transaminases. However, the results depend on the dose, intervention time, and formulation of the compound.Insulin resistance
Barriers to Diabetes Care in a Developing Country: Exploratory Evidence from Diabetes Healthcare Providers
Authors: Ugwu Ejiofor , Onung Samuel , Ezeani Ignatius , Olamoyegun Michael , Adeleye Olufunmilayo , Uloko Andrew 
Published: July 2020

Aims: The morbidities and mortalities associated with diabetes are disproportionately high in low and middle income countries. This study aimed to explore important barriers and facilitators to diabetes care in Nigeria from the perspectives of diabetes healthcare providers (DHPs).
Study Design: A nationwide descriptive survey.
Place and Duration: Onsite (Calabar, Nigeria) and online surveys conducted between September 2016 and March 2017.
Methodology: A validated self-administered questionnaire was used to assess barriers to diabetes care and strategies to improve care among DHPs in Nigeria.
Results: A total of 129 subjects with mean ± SD age and mean ± SD duration of practice of 42.4 ± 7.6 years and 8.5 ± 5.4 years respectively were surveyed. About 84.5% of the respondents perceived diabetes care in Nigeria as being remarkably challenging. The most common barriers identified include: poverty, low diabetes awareness, shortage of trained diabetes care specialists, poor diabetes care knowledge among primary care doctors, and poor knowledge of diabetes self care among patients and other institutional, cultural and religious barriers.
To improve care, respondents recommended, among other strategies, increasing healthcare funding, expansion of national health insurance coverage, introduction of government subsidy on diabetes medications, encouraging local production of diabetes medicines and supplies, increasing public diabetes awareness, periodic training of general practitioners and strict regulation of alternative medicine practitioners and faith healing centers.
Conclusion: This survey identified several barriers to diabetes care in Nigeria and proffered some useful and implementable strategies to improve care. In order to reduce the burden of diabetes in Nigeria and perhaps other countries in SSA, these expert opinions should form the basis for a blue print by major diabetes stakeholders and health policy makers.
A Molecular Docking Study against COVID-19 Protease with a Pomegranate Phyto-Constituents 'Urolithin' and Other Repurposing Drugs: From a Supplement to Ailment
Authors: Ahmad Varish 
Published: July 2020

Aim: We conducted an in silico study on Urolithin and different antimicrobial agents targeting virus protease and peptidase.
Methodology: The docking study was completed by using docking tools. Drug compounds and COVID-19 receptor molecules were prepared, docking was performed and interaction was visualized through Discovery Studio visualizer.
Results: Urolithin A has interacted against peptidase (PDB ID:2GTB) with binding energy -6.93 kcal/mol and against protease (PDB ID:6LU7) with the binding energy -5.46 kcal/mol, while Urolithin B has interacted to peptidase (PDB ID:2GTB) with binding energy -6.74 kcal/mol and with protease it interacted with a binding energy -4.67 kcal/mol. The antimicrobial agent Ofloxacin was found to interact against protease (PDB ID:6LU7) with a binding energy -6.84 kcal/mol and against protease (PDB:6LU7) with a binding energy -8.00 kcal/mol.
Conclusion: The most common interacting amino acids of target enzymes of the virus with studied drugs were His41, His164, Met165, Glu166, Gln189. From the docking studies, it is observed that Ofloxacin and Urolithin have the potential to inhibit the virus protease as well as peptidase significantly and these could prevent the entry of the virus to the inside of the host cell. Thus, further antiviral research on these antimicrobial agents and Urolithin could be helpful to control the COVID-19 disease.
Calcium and Neurotransmitter Release
Authors: Delaney Kerry R , Lin Jen‐We 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Information is coded in the brain as patterns of electrical impulses that are transmitted along nerve processes. These impulses are passed from one neuron to the next primarily at chemical synapses where the electrical event is converted to the release of a neurotransmitter substance that activates the next neuron in the pathway. Neurotransmitter release is triggered by the opening of ‘voltage‐sensitive’ calcium channels, the admission of a pulse of Ca
2+
ions and the binding of these ions to the neurotransmitter secretion apparatus culminating in the fusion and discharge of a transmitter‐filled secretory vesicle. Increasing evidence suggests that at many synapses an individual release site is gated by ion influx through one or a few nearby calcium channels while at others Ca
2+
from many channels summates to drive release. In this section, we explore the physiology of this impulse‐to‐secretion gating mechanism.

Key Concepts

Information is transmitted between one neuron and the next at
synapses
where an upstream (presynaptic) neuron interacts with the membrane of the downstream (postsynaptic) one.

Synapses transmit by secreting a chemical neurotransmitter, often across a narrow space (cleft) between pre‐ and postsynaptic surface membranes.

Most neurotransmitters are stored in tiny membrane ‘packets’ called synaptic vesicles which can be triggered to secrete by fusing with the presynaptic membrane.

The synaptic vesicles are ‘docked’ at the release site ready for secretion which is dependent upon a large local increase in [Ca
2+
].

Transmitter secretion is triggered by an electrical impulse that travels down the presynaptic axon or into a dendrite to release sites.

Influx of calcium ions through Ca
2+
selective, voltage‐sensitive ion channels links the voltage transient of the action potential to the triggering of secretory vesicle discharge.

Ca
2+
channels are positioned very close to the secretory vesicles so that when they open the spurt of entering Ca
2+
ions, called a ‘calcium domain’, can rapidly and effectively access the triggering sites for synaptic vesicle fusion.