bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Porphyrin-based metal coordination polymers with self-assembly pathway-dependent properties for photodynamic and photothermal therapy
Authors: Miao Yuyang , Lv Shibo , Zheng Daoyuan , Liu Yuhan , Liu Dapeng , Song Fengling 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Porphyrin-based metal coordination polymers (MCPs) have attracted numerous attention due to their great promise application in phototherapy including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT). However, the detailed self-assembly process of porphyrin-based MCPs still remains poorly understood. This work provides a detailed study of the self-assembly process of MCPs constructed by Mn2+ and TCPP (TCPP: 4,4′,4′′,4′′′-(Porphine-5,10,15,20-tetrayl)tetrakis(benzoic acid)) in aqueous solution. Unlike traditional nucleation and growth mechanism, we discover that there is a metastable metal-organic intermediate which is kinetically favored in the self-assembly process. And the metastable metal-organic intermediate nanotape structures could convert into thermodynamically favored nanosheets through disassembling into monomers followed by reassembling process. Moreover, the two structurally different assemblies exhibit distinct photophysical performances. The intermediate Mn-TCPP aggregates show good light-induced singlet oxygen 1O2 generation for PDT while the thermodynamic favored stable Mn-TCPP aggregates exhibit good photothermal conversion ability as photothermal agents (PTAs). This study could facilitate controlling self-assembly pathway to fabricate complex MCPs with desirable applications.
4D imaging reveals mechanisms of clay-carbon protection and release
Authors: Yang Judy , Zhang Xinning , Bourg Ian , Stone Howard 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Soil absorbs about 20% of anthropogenic CO2 emissions annually, and clay is the key carbon-capture material. Although sorption to clay is widely assumed to strongly retard the microbial decomposition of soil organic matter, enhanced degradation of clay-associated organic carbon has been observed under certain conditions. The conditions in which clay inhibits microbial decomposition remain uncertain because the mechanisms of clay-organic carbon interactions are not fully understood. Here we reveal the spatiotemporal dynamics of carbon sorption and release within clay aggregates and the role of enzymatic decomposition by directly imaging a transparent smectite clay on a microfluidic chip. We demonstrate that clay-carbon protection is due to the quasi-irreversible sorption of high molecular-weight sugars within clay aggregates and the exclusion of bacteria from these aggregates. We show that this physically-protected carbon can be enzymatically broken down into fragments that are released into solution. Further, we suggest improvements relevant to soil carbon models.
Significance of lactate clearance in septic shock patients with high bilirubin levels.
Authors: Takahashi Nozomi , Nakada Taka-aki , Walley Keith , Russell James 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Although lactate clearance is affected by hepatic function, it is unclear whether the hepatic dysfunction is associated with lactate clearance as a prognostic marker of clinical outcomes in septic shock. We aimed to evaluate association between the lactate clearance and mortality divided by hepatic dysfunction based on total bilirubin level using two cohort of septic shock patients.
Methods

Lactate clearance, delta base excess and delta anion gap in 24 hours from septic shock onset were analyzed using two cohorts of septic shock patients (derivation cohort, n = 230; validation cohort, n = 396) categorized into two groups by total bilirubin levels (TBIL) < 2 mg/dL and ≥ 2 mg/dL on day 1. The primary analysis was association between lactate clearance and 28-day mortality by total bilirubin category.
Results

In derivation cohort, lactate clearance was lower in non-survivors compared to survivors in the patients with TBIL ≥ 2 mg/dL (P = 0.0035), while there was a no significant difference in those with TBIL < 2 mg/dL. There were no significant differences in delta base excess and delta anion gap between non-survivors and survivors both in the patients with TBIL ≥ 2 mg/dL and < 2 mg/dL. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, increased lactate clearance was significantly associated with decreased 28-day mortality in TBIL ≥ 2 mg/d group (10% lactate clearance, adjusted odds ratio 0.88, 95%CI; 0.80–0.97, P = 0.0075), whereas there was no significant association in TBIL < 2 mg/d group. We next tested for lactate clearance in TBIL ≥ 2 mg/dL using the validation cohort; lactate clearance was lower in non-survivors compared to survivors in the TBIL ≥ 2 mg/dL group (P = 0.0006), while no significant difference was observed in TBIL < 2 mg/dL. Increased lactate clearance was significantly associated with decreased 28-day mortality in the TBIL ≥ 2 mg/dL group (10% lactate clearance, adjusted odds ratio 0.89, 95%CI; 0.83–0.96, P = 0.0038); while no significant difference was observed in TBIL < 2 mg/dL in the validation cohort.
Conclusions

Patients with increased lactate clearance had decreased 28-day mortality when patients had hepatic dysfunction (TBIL ≥ 2 mg/dL) in septic shock.
Association Between Nontraditional Lipid Profiles and Peripheral Arterial Disease in Chinese adults with Hypertension
Authors: Ding Congcong , Chen Yang , Shi Yumeng , Li Minghui , Hu Lihua , Zhou Wei , Wang Tao , Zhu Lingjuan , Huang Xiao , Bao Huihui , Cheng Xiaoshu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Data concerning the association between nontraditional lipid profiles [total cholesterol (TC)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio, triglyceride (TG)/HDL-C ratio, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)/HDL-C ratio, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C)] and the risk of peripheral artery disease (PAD) are limited. We aimed to evaluate the association between nontraditional lipid indices and the risk of PAD in Chinese hypertensive population.Methods: In the cross-sectional study, a total of 10,900 adults with hypertension were enrolled. PAD was defined as ankle-brachial index < 0.9. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between nontraditional lipid profiles and PAD. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was also used. Results: All nontraditional lipid profiles were independently and positively associated with the prevalence of PAD in a dose response fashion. In multivariable models, we observed a 37%, 14%, 40%, and 24% higher risk for PAD with each SD increment in TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C ratios, and non-HDL-C levels, respectively. Compared with the lowest tertile, the multivariate-adjusted ORs (95% CI) were 1.77 (1.31, 2.40), 1.71 (1.25, 2.34), 2.03 (1.50, 2.74), 1.70 (1.25, 2.31) for the highest tertile of TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C ratios, and non-HDL-C, respectively. Furthermore, the area under the curves (AUCs) for LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (0.548; 95% CI, 0.516-0.581) and TC/HDL-C ratio (0.547; 95% CI, 0.514-0.579) were significantly larger than those for TG/HDL-C ratio (0.508; 95% CI, 0.461-0.523) and non-HDL-C (0.519; 95% CI, 0.486-0.552).Conclusions: All nontraditional lipid profiles were positively associated with PAD in Chinese adults with hypertension, among which LDL-C/HDL-C and TC/HDL-C ratio were better for predicting PAD.Trial registration: CHiCTR, ChiCTR1800017274. Registered 20 July 2018
Associations Between Cerebral Morphology and Objective Memory Performance in Patients With Subjective Cognitive Decline
Authors: Li Qinjie , Ren Anran , Cui Liang , Sun Xiaokang , Zhong Yuan , Wang Beiyun , Miao Ya , Guo Qihao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Previous studies reported subjective cognitive decline (SCD) linked to underlying the biomarker of early AD pathology. There is a lack of studies on whether structural brain changes and how cerebral morphology in association with verbal and visuospatial episodic memory performance.Method: We combined VBM and SBM analysis for evaluating structural alterations in gray matter atrophy and cortical thickness among individuals with SCD, MCI, AD and normal controls and investigated the associations between cerebral morphology and AVLT-H, BVMT-R performance in the whole samples and SCD, respectively. Results: No significant regional gray matter volume atrophy and cortical thickness differences were found between SCD and normal controls. We found that immediate recall in verbal learning performance was significantly correlated with the loss of bilateral hippocampus volume in SCD group, furthermore, attention capacity (SDMT) was positively correlated with bilateral hippocampus atrophy and AVLT-IR in individuals with pre-MCI cognitive status.Conclusions: Our results found hippocampal atrophy links much closer with verbal memory than visuospatial memory and immediate recall in verbal learning test was probably the primary deficit and maybe influenced by the attention capacity.
Chemoradiotherapy for Limited-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer and Interstitial Lung Abnormalities
Authors: Kobayashi Haruki , Wakuda Kazushige , Naito Tateaki , Mamesaya Nobuaki , Omori Shota , Ono Akira , Kenmotsu Hirotsugu , Murakami Haruyasu , Endo Masahiro , Harada Hideyuki , Gon Yasuhiro , Takahashi Toshiaki 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Patients with lung cancer and interstitial lung disease treated with radiotherapy have been reported to be at a risk of developing radiation pneumonitis. However, the association between interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) and radiation pneumonitis in patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) remains unclear. Furthermore, the prognosis is unclear for patients with SCLC and ILA treated with chemoradiotherapy. We investigated the impact of ILA on radiation pneumonitis and assessed the prognosis of patients with LS-SCLC and ILA treated chemoradiotherapy. Methods and materials: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 149 patients with LS-SCLC who received first-line treatment between January 2009 and December 2016. Results: In a univariate analysis, the patients with ILA showed a higher incidence rate of radiation pneumonitis compared with those without ILA (64% vs. 10%); multivariate analysis confirmed that ILA was significantly associated with the incidence of radiation pneumonitis. In the univariate analysis, patients with ILA showed poorer overall survival than those without ILA (median, 18.9 vs. 67.9 months). Multivariate analysis showed that ILA was a significant independent negative prognostic factor. However, the 2-year and 5-year survival rates for the patients with ILA treated with chemoradiotherapy were 36% and 26%, respectively; for those treated with chemotherapy alone were 8% and 0%, respectively.Conclusions: ILA was a predictive factor for radiation pneumonitis in patients with LS-SCLC treated with chemoradiotherapy. The prognosis of the patients with LS-SCLC and ILA was poor; however, some patients with ILA treated chemoradiotherapy achieved long-term survival.
Hypermethylation of RAD9A intron 2 in childhood cancer patients, leukemia and tumor cell lines suggest a role for oncogenic transformation
Authors: Galetzka Danuta , Boeck Julia , Dittrich Marcus , Sinizyn Olesja , Ludwig Marco , Rossmann Heidi , Spix Claudia , Radsak Markus , Scholz-Kreisel Peter , Mirsch Johanna , Linke Matthias , Brenner Walburgis , Marron Manuela , Poplawski Alicia , Prawitt Dirk , Haaf Thomas , Schmidberger Heinz 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Most childhood cancers occur sporadically and cannot be explained by an inherited mutation or an unhealthy lifestyle. This suggests other predisposition defects that may support the oncogenic transformation of cells, e.g. via impaired DNA-repair. Our study consequently aims to investigate the impact of increased methylation of intron 2 of RAD9A in cancer patients which may be associated with oncogenic transformation. Methods: We performed an epimutation screen of RAD9A and other candidate genes ( APC , CDKN2A , EFNA5 , and TP53 ) using bisulfite pyrosequencing and deep bisulfite sequencing (DBS) in skin fibroblasts of 20 patients with primary cancer in childhood and second primary cancer (2N) later in life, 20 matched patients with only one primary cancer (1N) in childhood and 20 matched cancer-free (0N) controls. Furthermore, we analyzed leukemia cancer samples, tumor cell lines, EBV lymphoblasts and FaDu subclones. Radiation, colony formation assays, cell proliferation, PCR and molecular karyotype SNP-array experiments were performed. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis rank-sum test, Benjamini-Hochberg procedure, REML and R-scripts. Results: Four 1N patients and one 2N patient displayed elevated mean methylation levels (>10%) in intron 2 of RAD9A . DBS of RAD9A in these patients revealed >2% hypermethylated alleles consistent with relevant epimutations. We found RAD9A hypermethylation in the bone marrow of patients with pre-ALL (pre-acute lymphoblastic leukemia), AML (acute myeloid leukemia), NHL (non-Hodgkin lymphoma), PBL (plasmablastic lymphoma) and EBV-(Epstein Barr virus) transformed lymphoblastoid cells. Molecular karyotyping of AML samples with hypermethylated RAD9A showed an evolving duplication of 1.8 kb on Chr16p13.3 including the PKD1 gene. In generated FaDu subclones with hypermethylated RAD9A, we found a homozygous inactivation of CHD2, SPATA8 , SMARCA1 and a 302 kb duplication including genes deregulated in cancer. The detected aberrations proved to influence cell viability. RAD9A methylation was not affected by radiation or the chemotherapeutical daunorubicin.Conclusion: The analysis of patient samples, cell lines and subclones suggest a connection between methylation levels of the RAD9A intron 2 locus and inactivation or amplification of important genes and survival of the cells. We propose that RAD9A epimutations may have an impact on leukemia, tumorigenesis, cancer progression and can potentially serve as a valuable biomarker.
A practice facilitation-guided intervention in primary care settings to reduce cardiovascular disease risk: A cost analysis
Authors: Gold Heather T , Siman Nina , Cuthel Allison M , Nguyen Ann M , Pham-Singer Hang , Berry Carolyn A , Shelley Donna R 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background. A stepped-wedge, cluster randomized controlled trial assessed the effectiveness of practice facilitation (PF) for adoption of guidelines for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease risk factors. This study estimated the associated cost of PF for guideline adoption in small, private primary care practices. Methods. The cost analysis included categories for start-up costs, intervention costs, and practice staff costs for the implemented PF-guided intervention. We estimated the total one-year costs to operate the program, and calculated the mean and range of the cost-per-practice by quarter of the intervention. We estimated the lower and upper bounds for all salary expenses, rounding to the nearest $100. Results. Total one-year intervention costs for all 261 practices ranged from $7,900,000-$10,200,000, with program and practice salaries comprising $6,600,000-$8,400,000 of the total. Start-up costs were a small proportion (3%) of total one-year costs. Excluding start-up costs, quarter 1 cost-per-practice was the most expensive at $20,400-$26,700, and quarter 4 was least expensive at about $10,000. Practice staff time (compared with program staff time) was the majority of the staffing costs at 75-84%. Conclusions. The PF strategy cost approximately $10,000 per practice per quarter for program and practice costs, once implemented and running at highest efficiency. Whether this program is “worth it” to the decision-maker depends on the relative costs and effectiveness of their other options for improving cardiovascular risk reduction.Trial Registration. This study is retrospectively registered on January 5, 2016 at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02646488. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02646488
Influence of Bactrocera Dorsalis Larval Gut Bacteria on its Susceptibility to the Entomopathogenic Fungus, Metarhizium Anisopliae
Authors: Gichuhi Joseph , Khamis Fathiya , Berg Johnnie Van den , Mohamed Samira , Ekesi Sunday , Herren Jeremy 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Symbiotic interactions between insects and bacteria have been associated with a vast variety of physiological, ecological and evolutionary consequences for the host. A wide range of bacterial communities have been found in association with the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), an important pest of cultivated fruit in most regions of the world. We evaluated the diversity of gut bacteria in B. dorsalis specimens from several populations in Kenya and investigated the roles of individual bacterial isolates in the development of axenic B. dorsalis fly lines and their responses to the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae. We utilized a high throughput sequencing approach of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene to evaluate microbiomes, coupled with culture and mono-association for the assay. The shortest embryonic development period was recorded in flies with an intact gut microbiome while the longest period was recorded in germ-free fly lines. Similarly, larval development was shortest in flies with an intact gut microbiome. Adult B. dorsalis flies emerging from embryos inoculated with a strain of Lactococcus lactis had decreased survival when challenged with a standard dosage of M. anisopliae ICIPE69 conidia. However, there were no differences in survival between the germ-free lines and flies with an intact microbiome. These findings contribute to the selection of probiotics used in artificial diets for B. dorsalis rearing and the development of improved integrated pest management strategies based on entomopathogenic fungi.
Forecasting the Effectiveness of the DeWorm3 Trial in Interrupting the Transmission of Soil-transmitted Helminths in Three Study Sites in Benin, India and Malawi
Authors: Truscott James , Hardwick Robert J , Werkman Marleen , Saravanakumar Puthupalayam Kaliappan , Manuel Malathi , ajjampur Sitara S R , Asbjornsdottir Kristjana H , Khumbo Kalua , Witek-McManus Stefan , Simwanza James , Cottrell Gilles , Houngbégnon Parfait , Ibikounlé Moudachirou , Walson Judd L , Anderson Roy M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background The DeWorm3 project is an ongoing cluster-randomised trial assessing the feasibility of interrupting the transmission of soil-transmitted helminths (STH) through mass drug administration (MDA) using study sites in India, Malawi and Benin. In this paper, we describe an approach which uses a combination of statistical and mathematical methods to forecast the outcome of the trial with respect to its stated goal of reducing the prevalence of infection to below 2%. Methods Our approach is firstly to define the local patterns of transmission within each study site, which is achieved by statistical inference of key epidemiological parameters using the baseline epidemiological measures of age-related prevalence and intensity of STH infection which have been collected by the DeWorm3 trials team. We use these inferred parameters to calibrate an individual-based stochastic simulation of the trial at the cluster and study site level which is subsequently run to forecast the future prevalence of STH infections. The simulator takes into account both the uncertainties in parameter estimation and the variability inherent in epidemiological and demographic processes in the simulator. We interpret the forecast results from our simulation with reference to the stated goal of the DeWorm3 trial, to achieve a target of ≤ 2% prevalence at a point 24 months post-cessation of MDA. Results Simulated output predicts that the two arms will be distinguishable from each other in all three country sites at the study endpoint. In India and Malawi, measured prevalence in the intervention arm is below the threshold with a high probability (90% and 95%, respectively), but that in Benin the heterogeneity between clusters prevents the arm prevalence being reduced below the threshold value. At the level of individual study arms within each site, heterogeneity among clusters leads to a very low probability of achieving complete elimination in an intervention arm, yielding a post-study scenario with widespread elimination but a few `hot spot' areas of persisting STH transmission.Conclusions Our results suggest that geographical heterogeneities in transmission intensity and worm aggregation have a large impact on the effect of MDA. It is important to accurately assessing cluster-level, or even smaller scale, heterogeneities in factors which influence transmission and aggregation for a clearer perspective on projecting the outcomes of MDA control of STH and other neglected tropical diseases.
Agreement in Breast Lesion Assessment and Final BI-RADS Classification Between Radial and Meander-Like Breast Ultrasound
Authors: Brasier-Lutz Pascale , Jäggi-Wickes Claudia , Schaedelin Sabine , Burian Rosemarie , Schoenenberger Cora-Ann , Zanetti-Dällenbach Rosanna 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: This study prospectively investigates the agreement between radial (r-US) and meander-like (m-US) breast ultrasound with regard to lesion location, lesion size, morphological characteristics and final BI-RADS classification of individual breast lesions. Methods: Each patient of a consecutive, unselected, mixed collective received a dual ultrasound examination. Results: The agreement between r-US and m-US for lesion location ranged from good (lesion to mammilla distance ICC 0.64; lesion to skin distance ICC 0.72) to substantial (clock-face localization κ 0.70). For lesion size the agreement was good (diameter ICC 0.72; volume ICC 0.69), for lesion margin and architectural distortion it was substantial (κ 0.68 and 0.70, respectively). Most importantly, there was a substantial agreement (κ 0.76) in the final BI-RADS classification between r-US and m-US.Conclusions: Our recent comparison of radial and meander-like breast US revealed that the diagnostic accuracy of the two scanning methods was comparable. In this study, we observe a high degree of agreement between m-US and r-US for the lesion description (location, size, morphology) and final BI-RADS classification. These findings corroborate that r-US is a suitable alternative to m-US in daily clinical practice.Trial registration: NCT02358837. Registered January 2015, retrospectively registeredhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=&term=NCT02358837&cntry=&state=&city=&dist=
Invasion of Pterygoid Plates; an Indicator for Regional Lymph Node Failure in Maxillary Sinus Cancer
Authors: Kosugi Yasuo , Kawamoto Terufumi , Oshima Masaki , Fujimaki Mitsuhisa , Ohba Shinichi , Matsumoto Fumihiko , Shikama Naoto , Sasai Keisuke 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term treatment results of combined superselective intraarterial chemotherapy and radiation therapy for advanced maxillary sinus cancer (MSC) and the incidence of regional lymph node failure, and to reveal the clinical and anatomical predictive factors for metastasis. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 55 consecutive patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary sinus who were treated with external radiotherapy and superselective intraarterial chemotherapy. Elective nodal irradiation (ENI) was performed only in the clinical node-positive (cN+) cases and not in the clinical node-negative (cN0) cases. Results: Thirty-eight patients were cN0, and 17 were cN+ at diagnosis. Regional lymph node metastases occurred in 7 of 38 patients with cN0, and 2 of 17 with cN+ during the median follow-up period of 36 months. There were more cases of high-grade (3 or 4) late adverse events in the ENI group than in the non-ENI group (13% vs. 41%, respectively; p = 0.03). In cN0 cases without ENI, invasion of the pterygoid plates (57% vs. 90%; p < 0.01) and oral cavity (35% vs. 92%; p = 0.02) was significantly correlated with a low 5-year regional recurrence-free rate. Conclusions: Patients with MCS and invasion of the pterygoid plates and oral cavity can be considered appropriate candidates for ENI.