bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field effect transistor with thin AlOxNy film as gate dielectric
Authors: Firek Piotr , Szarafiński Jakub , Głuszko Grzegorz , Szmidt Jan 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to directly measure and determine the Si/SiO2/AlOxNy interface state density on metal insulator semiconductor field effect transistor (MISFET) structures. The primary advantage of using aluminum oxynitride (AlOxNy) is the perfectly controlled variability of the properties of these layers depending on their stoichiometry, which can be easily controlled by the parameters of the magnetron sputtering process. Therefore, a continuous spectrum of properties can be achieved from the specific values for oxide to the specific ones for nitride, thus opening a wide range of applications in high power, high temperature and high frequency electronics, optics and sensors and even acoustic devices.

Design/methodology/approach
The basic subject of this study is n-channel transistors manufactured using silicon with 50-nm-thick AlOxNy films deposited on a silicon dioxide buffer layer via magnetron sputtering in which the gate dielectric was etched with wet solutions and/or dry plasma mixtures. Furthermore, the output, transfer and charge pumping (CP) characteristics were measured and compared for all modifications of the etching process.

Findings
An electrical measurement of MISFETs with AlOxNy gate dielectrics was conducted to plot the current-voltage and CP characteristics and examine the influence of the etching method on MISFET parameters.

Originality/value
In this report, a flat band and threshold voltage and the density of interface traps were determined to evaluate and improve an AlOxNy-based MISFET performance toward highly sensitive field effect transistors for hydrogen detection by applying a Pd-based nanocrystalline layer. The sensitivity of the detectors was highly correlated with the quality of the etching process of the gate dielectrics.
The interaction effect of anxiety and mood on energy intake and blood pressure in healthy women university students
Authors: Jampour Leila , Hashemi Hadise , Behrouzian Forouzan , Jafarirad Sima 
Published: March 2020

PurposeIn spite of the importance of food intake in weight management and preventing chronic diseases, it remains difficult to predict how anxious people change their eating behaviour in exposure to bad or good moods. The purpose of the study was to investigate the interaction effect of anxiety and different moods on food intake and blood pressure in healthy women students.Design/methodology/approachA total of 82 women university students (18-30 years) participated in the study. Subjects completed a valid anxiety questionnaire at baseline to measure trait and state anxiety scores, then they were randomly divided into two groups to watch comedy and drama movies for mood induction. After watching, some snacks were presented, and then energy intake and blood pressure were measured.FindingsStudents who suffered from severe state anxiety, consumed more energy from food when they watched a dramatic movie (p= 0.014). Subjects who suffered from moderate level of state anxiety and watched a dramatic movie experienced more systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared with subjects who suffered from moderate state anxiety but watched the comedy (p= 0.043 andp= 0.041, for systolic and diastolic blood pressure respectively). More diastolic blood pressure was shown among students who watched the drama movie and suffered from a severe level of trait anxiety (p = 0.049).Research limitations/implicationsElectrocardiography and stroke volume measurement were not used.Originality/valueOur findings showed blood pressure elevation in anxious people when they experienced bad feeling such as sadness, and they also consumed more energy from food. Both of these factors are related to the occurrence of chronic disorders such as cardiovascular diseases.
Plant biomass, not plant economics traits, determines responses of soil CO2 efflux to precipitation in the C4 grass Panicum virgatum
Authors: Heckman Robert W. , Khasanova Albina R. , Johnson Nicholas S. , Weber Sören , Bonnette Jason E. , Aspinwall Michael J. , Reichmann Lara G. , Juenger Thomas E. , Fay Philip A. , Hawkes Christine V. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Plant responses to major environmental drivers like precipitation can influence important aspects of carbon (C) cycling like soil CO2 efflux (

). These responses may be predicted by two independent classes of drivers: plant size—larger plants respire more and produce a larger quantity of labile C, and plant economics—plants possessing more acquisitive plant economics strategies (i.e. high metabolic rate and tissue nutrient content) produce higher‐quality tissue that respires rapidly and decomposes quickly.

At two sites in central Texas, USA with similar climates and differing soil characteristics, we examined the response of eight Panicum virgatum genotypes to three annual precipitation levels defined by the driest, average and wettest years from each site's precipitation history. We evaluated the individual and joint influence of plant genotypes and precipitation on

and traits related to plant economics and plant size. We then used confirmatory path analysis to evaluate whether effects of precipitation on

were in part related to effects of precipitation on plant economics traits or size (‘mediated’ effects).

These genotypes exhibited variation in plant economics traits and above‐ground net primary productivity (ANPP), an above‐ground measure of plant size. Increasing precipitation increased

and ANPP more than plant economics traits. At both sites, ANPP was the best predictor of

. Moreover, the sites differed in the ways that plant size and plant economics traits combined with precipitation to influence

. At the Austin site, the positive effect of precipitation on

was mediated primarily by ANPP, offset by a smaller effect of leaf nitrogen content; no direct precipitation effect was detected. At the Temple site, increasing precipitation had positive direct and ANPP‐mediated effects on

. This suggests that greater water limitation at Austin may strengthen the links between plant size and

.

Synthesis. Estimates of C cycling can be improved by accounting for mediation of precipitation effects on

by plant economics traits and plant size in resource‐limited environments.
Patent citations reexamined
Authors: Kuhn Jeffrey , Younge Kenneth , Marco Alan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMany studies rely on patent citations to measure intellectual heritage and impact. In this article, we show that the nature of patent citations has changed dramatically in recent years. Today, a small minority of patent applications are generating a large majority of patent citations, and the mean technological similarity between citing and cited patents has fallen considerably. We replicate several well‐known studies in industrial organization and innovation economics and demonstrate how generalized assumptions about the nature of patent citations have misled the field.
Picocyanobacterial cells in near‐surface air above terrestrial and freshwater substrates in Greenland and Antarctica
Authors: Trout‐Haney Jessica V. , Heindel Ruth C. , Virginia Ross A. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryBioaerosols are an important component of the total atmospheric aerosol load, with implications for human health, climate feedbacks and the distribution and dispersal of microbial taxa. Bioaerosols are sourced from marine, freshwater and terrestrial surfaces, with different mechanisms potentially responsible for releasing biological particles from these substrates. Little is known about the production of freshwater and terrestrial bioaerosols in polar regions. We used portable collection devices to test for the presence of picocyanobacterial aerosols above freshwater and soil substrates in the southwestern Greenland tundra and the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica. We show that picocyanobacterial cells are present in the near‐surface air at concentrations ranging from 2,431 to 28,355 cells m−3 of air, with no significant differences among substrates or between polar regions. Our concentrations are lower than those measured using the same methods in temperate ecosystems. We suggest that aerosolization is an important process linking terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in these polar environments, and that future work is needed to explore aerosolization mechanisms and taxon‐specific aerosolization rates. Our study is a first step toward understanding the production of bioaerosols in extreme environments dominated by microbial life.
Heathland plant species composition and vegetation structures reflect soil‐related paths of development and site history
Authors: Schellenberg Jenny , Bergmeier Erwin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractQuestionsTo improve our knowledge on how environmental conditions determine the development of high‐value Calluna vulgaris heathland habitats, we studied the floristic and structural characteristics of heathland plant communities across North Germany and how they are influenced by edaphic, climatic and management factors. We ask how heathland development is related to these factors and what are the implications for conservation management and restoration.LocationNorth German Plain.MethodsWe collected 350 relevés in 18 dry Calluna heathland areas. Plant communities were classified using Isopam, and Redundancy Analysis (RDA) determined effects of environmental conditions. Potential pathways of development and the nature conservation status of the communities were identified on a multifactorial basis.ResultsWe found nine floristically and structurally distinct heathland plant communities. Heathland vegetation showed distinct patterns along Calluna age development stages and environmental conditions. Soil conditions and related effects of long‐term site history and recent management turned out to be the predominant factors influencing species composition and diversity, resulting in three potential heathland succession pathways. Mosaic‐like communities with particularly high taxonomic diversity and conservation value occurred on early‐successional inland dunes or as regeneration stage growing on nutrient‐poor sandy soils without humus accumulation.ConclusionsThe study reveals fundamental differences between historically farmed heathland in the oceanic Northwest and former military training areas mainly in northeastern Germany with consequences for restoration ecology. Present nature conservation criteria turned out to be insufficient in predicting habitat quality, as lichens are frequently disregarded. Our findings highlight the need for intense soil disturbance to maintain early‐stage soil conditions and a diverse Calluna growth‐phase composition, as these factors essentially determine species richness in lowland heaths.
Hispidulin attenuates the social withdrawal in isolated disrupted‐in‐schizophrenia‐1 mutant and chronic phencyclidine‐treated mice
Authors: Mouri Akihiro , Lee Hsin‐Jung , Mamiya Takayoshi , Aoyama Yuki , Matsumoto Yurie , Kubota Hisayoshi , Huang Wei‐Jan , Chiou Lih‐Chu , Nabeshima Toshitaka 
Published: March 2020

Background and PurposeHispidulin is a flavonoid isolated from Clerodendrum inerme that was found to inhibit intractable motor tics. Previously, we found that hispidulin attenuates hyperlocomotion and the disrupted prepulse inhibition induced by methamphetamine and N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, two phenotypes of schizophrenia resembling positive symptoms. Hispidulin can inhibit COMT, a dopamine‐metabolizing enzyme in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) that is important for social interaction. Here, we investigated whether hispidulin would affect social withdrawal, one of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.Experimental ApproachWe examined whether acute administration of hispidulin would attenuate social withdrawal in two mice models, juvenile isolated disrupted‐in‐schizophrenia‐1 mutant (mutDISC1) mice and chronic phencyclidine (PCP)‐treated naïve mice.Key ResultsIn chronic PCP‐treated mice, hispidulin (10 mg·kg−1, i.p.) attenuated social withdrawal similar to that observed with dopamine D1 receptor antagonist (SCH‐23390, 0.02 mg·kg−1, i.p.) and was mimicked by the selective COMT inhibitor, OR‐486 (10 mg·kg−1, i.p.). Hispidulin increased extracellular dopamine levels in the PFC of chronic PCP‐treated mice. In isolated mutDISC1 mice, hispidulin also reversed social withdrawal. In both models, intra‐PFC microinjection of a D1 agonist (SKF‐81297: 10 nmol/mouse/bilateral) reversed the impairment of Ser897phosphorylation at the GluN1 subunit of NMDA receptors, suggesting the association between GluN1 Ser897‐phosphorylation and D1 activation in the PFC exits in both models.Conclusions and ImplicationsHispidulin attenuated social withdrawal by activating D1 receptors indirectly through elevated dopamine levels in the PFC by COMT inhibition. This nature of hispidulin suggests that it a potential novel therapeutic candidate for the treatment of negative symptoms in schizophrenia.
Epiphytic bryophyte diversity and range distributions along an elevational gradient in Marojejy, Madagascar
Authors: Marline Lovanomenjanahary , Ah‐Peng Claudine , Hedderson Terry A. J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDescribing spatial variation in species richness and understanding its links to ecological mechanisms are complementary approaches for explaining geographical patterns of richness. The study of elevational gradients holds enormous potential for understanding the factors underlying global diversity. This paper investigates the pattern of species richness and range‐size distribution of epiphytic bryophytes along an elevational gradient in Marojejy National Park, northeast Madagascar. The main objectives are to describe bryophyte species composition and endemism in Marojejy National Park, to describe the species richness and distribution patterns of epiphytic bryophytes along an elevational gradient from 250 m to 2050 m and to evaluate the explanatory value of environmental variables for the observed patterns. Bryophyte samples were collected following a nested design with four hierarchical levels: elevational belts, plots, quadrats, and microplots. In total, 254 epiphytic bryophyte species were recorded, comprising 157 liverworts and 97 mosses. Twenty‐three of these are endemic to Madagascar. Species richness exhibits a hump‐shaped pattern along the elevational gradient, peaking at 1,250 m. Eighty‐seven percent of the total recorded species have a range distribution lower than 1,000 m, at which point 36% are restricted to these single elevations. Our results suggest that mean temperature, relative humidity, and vapor pressure deficit play important roles in shaping the richness pattern observed in this study. While the liverwort richness pattern did not correlate to vapor pressure deficit and responded only weakly to relative humidity, the richness pattern shown by mosses correlates well with mean temperature, relative humidity, and vapor pressure deficit.
Elevation of CD109 promotes metastasis and drug resistance in lung cancer via activation of EGFR‐AKT‐mTOR signaling
Authors: Lee Kang‐Yun , Shueng Pei‐Wei , Chou Chih‐Ming , Lin Bo‐Xing , Lin Mei‐Hsiang , Kuo Deng‐Yu , Tsai I‐Lin , Wu Sheng‐Ming , Lin Cheng‐Wei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, and metastasis in lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths. Thus, understanding the mechanism of lung cancer metastasis will improve the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer patients. Herein, we found that expression of cluster of differentiation 109 (CD109) was correlated with the invasive and metastatic capacities of lung adenocarcinoma cells. CD109 is upregulated in tumorous tissues, and CD109 overexpression was associated with tumor progression, distant metastasis, and a poor prognosis in patient with lung adenocarcinoma. Mechanistically, expression of CD109 regulates protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling via its association with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Inhibition of CD109 decreases EGFR phosphorylation, diminishes EGF‐elicited activation of AKT/mTOR, and sensitizes tumor cells to an EGFR inhibitor. Taken together, our results show that CD109 is a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target in lung cancer patients.
Understanding oral health help‐seeking among Middle Eastern refugees and asylum seekers in Australia: An exploratory study
Authors: Due Clemence , Aldam Isadora , Ziersch Anna 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesAndersen's behavioural model of healthcare utilization is one of the most commonly used frameworks for help‐seeking across a broad range of health areas, including oral health. The Model has been used in a wide range of previous studies to explore and understand oral health service use among both general populations and ethnic minorities. However, no research has explored its utility in understanding refugees' and asylum seekers' oral health help‐seeking. As such, this study aimed to improve understanding of Middle Eastern refugees' and asylum seekers' oral health help‐seeking and to determine the utility of Andersen's Model in this context.MethodsInterviews were conducted with 26 participants: 20 refugees and asylum seekers, and six oral health practitioners. Results were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThe results indicated that systemic barriers were of particular concern for refugees and asylum seekers in relation to oral healthcare access. Other components supported previous research concerning the domains of the Model, with additions in relation to acculturation and previous experiences of dental care either in home or resettlement contexts.ConclusionsOverall, this study highlights the need for a tailored approach to understanding oral health help‐seeking for refugees and asylum seekers, who have particular dental care needs. Resettlement policies should consider system‐level barriers to accessing dental services when considering access to health services more generally for refugees and asylum seekers.
Aerial drone technology can assist compliance of trap fisheries
Authors: Provost Euan J. , Butcher Paul A. , Coleman Melinda A. , Bloom Daniel , Kelaher Brendan P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIllegal fishing is a global issue that threatens the viability of fishing industries and biodiversity conservation. Management agencies typically use on‐ground surveillance to monitor and minimise illegal fishing practices, the efficacy of which may be enhanced by integrating emerging remote sensing technology. Affordable drones may contribute to cost‐effective detection of illegal fishing activity and associated gear, although their application has yet to be evaluated in many types of fisheries. Here, the utility of drones for the detection of crab traps and floats set in a shallow estuary was quantitatively tested, and the effects of survey altitudes, cameras and monitor screens on detection rates were determined. It was found that drone flight altitude and float colour influenced the detection rates of common crab trap floats, with infrared cameras improving the detection of floats camouflaged by black paint. However, the type of monitor screen used by the drone operator had no influence on the detection of crab traps. Overall, it appears drones can contribute to cost‐effective compliance in estuarine trap fisheries, and the approach can contribute to evidence‐based standard operating procedures.
Structural and electric properties of Ce‐doped Na0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15 piezoceramics with high Curie temperatures
Authors: Qin Lu , Jiang Chaobin , Liu Kanghui , Chen Ye , Du Yike , Zuo Yuandong , Chen Yong , Cao Wanqiang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNa0.5Bi4.5‐xCexTi4O15 (x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10) lead‐free piezoelectric ceramics with high Curie temperatures are fabricated using the conventional solid‐phase method. The effects of the Ce content on the phase structures, morphologies, and electrical properties of the Na0.5Bi4.5‐xCexTi4O15 ceramics are systematically investigated. The appropriate content of Ce increases b/a and c/a and induces the distortion of the crystal structure. The increased b/a leads to a transverse asymmetry of the Na0.5Bi4.5‐xCexTi4O15 ceramics, which facilitates the dipole flipping, thus enhancing the piezoelectric properties (d33 = 20 pC/N). Although the improved c/a increases the degree of tetragonality of the Na0.5Bi4.5‐xCexTi4O15 ceramic, which decreases the Curie temperature (TC), the TC values of all samples are higher than 600°C, considerably higher than the practical application temperature. The Ce doping significantly reduces the dielectric loss of the sample and increases its dielectric performance. The improvements in electric properties by the cerium doping can expand its use in high‐temperature environments for oilfield logging, aerospace, and military applications.
The roles of temperature, nest predators and information parasites for geographical variation in egg covering behaviour of tits (Paridae)
Authors: Loukola Olli J. , Adamik Peter , Adriaensen Frank , Barba Emilio , Doligez Blandine , Flensted‐Jensen Einar , Eeva Tapio , Kivelä Sami M. , Laaksonen Toni , Morosinotto Chiara , Mänd Raivo , Niemelä Petri T. , Remeš Vladimir , Samplonius Jelmer M. , Sebastiano Manrico , Senar Juan Carlos , Slagsvold Tore , Sorace Alberto , Tschirren Barbara , Török János , Forsman Jukka T. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimNest building is widespread among animals. Nests may provide receptacles for eggs, developing offspring and the parents, and protect them from adverse environmental conditions. Nests may also indicate the quality of the territory and its owner and can be considered as an extended phenotype of its builder(s). Nests may, thus, function as a sexual and social signal. Here, we examined ecological and abiotic factors—temperature, nest predation and interspecific information utilization—shaping geographical variation in a specific nest structure—hair and feather cover of eggs—and its function as an extended phenotype before incubation in great (Parus major) and blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) across Europe. We also tested whether egg covering is associated with reproductive success of great tits.LocationFourteen different study sites and 28 populations across Europe.TaxonParus major, Cyanistes caeruleus.MethodsWe recorded clutch coverage estimates and collected egg covering nest material from the tit nests. We also measured nest specific breeding parameters and phenotypic measurements on adults. We tested whether mean spring temperatures, nest predation rates and flycatcher (Ficedulaspp) densities in the study areas explain the large‐scale geographical variation of clutch coverage and reproductive success of tits.ResultsThe degree of egg coverage of great tits increased with lower mean spring temperature, higher nest predation rate and higher flycatcher density. We did not find egg covering of blue tits to be associated with any of the ecological or abiotic factors. Moreover, egg covering of great tits was not associated with reproductive success in our cross‐sectional data, yet a rigorous assessment of fitness effects would require long‐term data.Main conclusionsOur findings suggest that, in great tits, egg covering may simultaneously provide thermal insulation against cold temperatures during egg‐laying in spring and also represent a counter‐adaptation to reduce information parasitism by flycatchers and nest predation. Hence, geographical variation in interspecific interactions, and consequently in co‐evolutionary processes, may affect the evolution of nest characteristics besides environmental conditions.