bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is there a relationship between general and oral health‐related quality of life in partially edentulous patients before and after implant treatment? A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Farzadmoghadam Maryam , Mohammadi Tayebe Malek , Goudarzi Reza , Mohammadi Mohammad , Hasheminejad Naimeh 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the relationship between Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) and general health‐related quality of life (GHRQoL) in partially edentulous patients before and after implant placement.Material and methodsAfter obtaining informed consent, using convenient sampling method, 102 participants (64 female and 38 male participants with an age range of 18–81 years) were included in the study. Participants were required to fill EuroQol‐5D (EQ‐5D) and the Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14) questionnaire before implant surgery and three months after prosthetic placement. Data were not normally distributed, so non‐parametric tests were used for data analysis.ResultsData analysis was carried out on 93 participants. After implant treatment, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and EQ‐5D score significantly increased by 0.05 and 0.06 units, respectively (p < .001 and p = .004, respectively). Also, the total OHIP‐14 score significantly decreased from 15.89 to 6.18 after implant treatment (p < .001).ConclusionResults indicated an increase in general and oral health‐related quality of life after implant treatment. According to this study, there was a positive weak relationship between GHRQoL and OHRQoL before and after implant treatment.
Maximizing biodiversity conservation through behavior change strategies
Authors: Maynard Lily , Monroe Martha C. , Jacobson Susan K. , Savage Anne 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMost modern threats to biodiversity are due to human actions. Conservation psychology models provide tools to strategically change human behaviors to reduce these threats; however, behavior change theories have yet to be fully incorporated into conservation strategic planning techniques. The public that may be interested in a conservation issue are often untapped resources to expand a conservation organization's limited reach. Increased public participation could fill a gap between an organization's objectives and the scope of what is feasible for limited staff or budget. This study presents an expanded framework for biodiversity conservation strategic planning using conservation behaviors. Some conservation organizations, such as zoos and aquariums, have access to extensive audiences that could be mobilized to take‐action to directly reduce threats to biodiversity or indirectly support others' efforts. To test our expanded planning framework, we evaluated the current status of conservation behavior change techniques used by zoos, which are increasingly identifying as conservation organizations. We used the framework to measure whether zoos are providing conservation behavior opportunities to their audiences of millions. The framework consisting of 12 behaviors nested within five categories includes behaviors in the public and private spheres. We tested the framework using content analyses of 211 zoo's websites across North America, sampled from the Association of Zoos and Aquariums. The methods elicited 2,187 conservation projects for the sample, only 32% of which provided any form of conservation behavior change opportunities to the zoo audiences. We present the range and frequency of conservation behavior strategies in zoos, revealing their current strengths as conservation organizations and opportunities for improved audience activation. The results demonstrate the value of integrating the conservation behavior change framework into biodiversity conservation strategic planning for conservation organizations. The framework can be used to facilitate expanded conservation activities, a valuable opportunity to reduce threats to biodiversity.
A metabolomics‐based molecular pathway analysis of how the sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor dapagliflozin may slow kidney function decline in patients with diabetes
Authors: Mulder Skander , Hammarstedt Ann , Nagaraj Sunil B. , Nair Viji , Ju Wenjun , Hedberg Jonatan , Greasley Peter J. , Eriksson Jan W. , Oscarsson Jan , Heerspink Hiddo J. L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate which metabolic pathways are targeted by the sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor dapagliflozin to explore the molecular processes involved in its renal protective effects.MethodsAn unbiased mass spectrometry plasma metabolomics assay was performed on baseline and follow‐up (week 12) samples from the EFFECT II trial in patients with type 2 diabetes with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease receiving dapagliflozin 10 mg/day (n = 19) or placebo (n = 6). Transcriptomic signatures from tubular compartments were identified from kidney biopsies collected from patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) (n = 17) and healthy controls (n = 30) from the European Renal cDNA Biobank. Serum metabolites that significantly changed after 12 weeks of dapagliflozin were mapped to a metabolite‐protein interaction network. These proteins were then linked with intra‐renal transcripts that were associated with DKD or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The impacted metabolites and their protein‐coding transcripts were analysed for enriched pathways.ResultsOf all measured (n = 812) metabolites, 108 changed (P < 0.05) during dapagliflozin treatment and 74 could be linked to 367 unique proteins/genes. Intra‐renal mRNA expression analysis of the genes encoding the metabolite‐associated proteins using kidney biopsies resulted in 105 genes that were significantly associated with eGFR in patients with DKD, and 135 genes that were differentially expressed between patients with DKD and controls. The combination of metabolites and transcripts identified four enriched pathways that were affected by dapagliflozin and associated with eGFR: glycine degradation (mitochondrial function), TCA cycle II (energy metabolism), L‐carnitine biosynthesis (energy metabolism) and superpathway of citrulline metabolism (nitric oxide synthase and endothelial function).ConclusionThe observed molecular pathways targeted by dapagliflozin and associated with DKD suggest that modifying molecular processes related to energy metabolism, mitochondrial function and endothelial function may contribute to its renal protective effect.
Outcomes of therapy‐related acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults after allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Vasudevan Nampoothiri Ram , Law Arjun Datt , Lam Wilson , Chen Carol , Al‐Shaibani Zeyad , Loach David , Michelis Fotios V. , Kim Dennis (Dong Hwan) , Mattsson Jonas , Kumar Rajat , Lipton Jeffrey Howard , Viswabandya Auro 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionTherapy‐related acute lymphoblastic leukemia (t‐ALL) is an increasingly recognized subset of therapy‐related acute leukemia. There are limited data on the role of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in t‐ALL. Recent reports suggest comparable outcomes of t‐ALL with de novo ALL after HSCT.Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all patients of t‐ALL who underwent HSCT at our center. Patients were analyzed for prior malignancy, therapy, time to diagnosis of t‐ALL, clinical, laboratory characteristics, transplant details, relapse‐free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS).ResultsEighteen patients (M:F ratio 1:1; Median age 44 years) underwent HSCT for t‐ALL. Median latent period from primary malignancy to t‐ALL was 44.8 months. 11q23 rearrangement and t(9;22) were present in 33.3% and 22.2% patients, respectively. Stem cell donors were matched related, matched unrelated, and haploidentical in 27.8% (n = 5), 55.6% (n = 10), and 16.7% (n = 3) patients, respectively. Five patients died before D+ 100 (27.8%). Estimated 2‐year RFS and OS were 47.1% and 51.8%, respectively. We did not find any pretransplant and post‐transplant risk factors that were predictive of improved OS or RFS after multivariate analysis.ConclusionsAllogeneic HSCT outcomes in t‐ALL were comparable to HSCT outcomes in de novo ALL. Multicenter studies with more patients and longer follow‐up may provide factors affecting outcome and survival.
A role for nitric oxide in serotonin neurons of the midbrain raphe nuclei
Authors: Gartside Sarah E. , Yurttaser Abdurrahman Ercan , Burns Amy L. , Jovanović Nebojša , Smith Katie J. , Amegashiti Nana Shika , Olthof Bas M. J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNeuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) catalyses the production of the neurotransmitter nitric oxide. nNOS is expressed in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), a source of ascending serotonergic projections. In this study, we examined the distribution nNOS and the function of nitric oxide in the DRN and adjacent median raphe nucleus (MRN) of the rat. We hypothesized that nNOS is differentially expressed across the raphe nuclei and that nitric oxide influences the firing activity of a subgroup of 5‐HT neurons. Immunohistochemistry revealed that, nNOS is present in around 40% of 5‐HT neurons, throughout the DRN and MRN, as well as in some non‐5‐HT neurons immediately adjacent to the DRN and MRN. The nitric oxide receptor, soluble guanylyl cyclase, was present in all 5‐HT neurons examined in the DRN and MRN. In vitro extracellular electrophysiology revealed that application of the nitric oxide donor, diethylamine NONOate (30–300 µM) inhibited 60%–70% of putative 5‐HT neurons, excited approximately 10% of putative 5‐HT neurons and had no effect on the rest. The inhibitory response to nitric oxide was blocked by [1H‐[1,2,4]oxadiazolo‐[4, 3‐a]quinoxalin‐1‐one (ODQ, 30 or 100 µM), indicating mediation by soluble guanylyl cyclase. Juxtacellular labelling revealed that nitric oxide inhibits firing in both putative 5‐HT neurons which express nNOS and those which do not express nNOS. Our data are consistent with the notion that nitric oxide acts as both a trans‐synaptic and autocrine signaller in 5‐HT neurons in the DRN and MRN and that its effects are widespread and primarily inhibitory.
Distribution of the spotted‐wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) in the north‐eastern part of the Carpathian lowlands
Authors: Nagy A. , Szalárdi T. , Gombos D. , Szanyi Sz. 
Published: March 2020

Drosophila suzukii(spotted‐wing drosophila) spread rapidly during the first decade of the 2000s and then became widely distributed in Europe except for eastern countries. In Hungary, it was detected in 2012 for the first time, but its distribution in the eastern part of the country had been not studied. During the present investigation nine sampling sites in the north‐eastern part of the Carpathian lowlands belonging to Hungary, Ukraine and Romania were studied with baited traps.D. suzukiiwas detected in all seven Hungarian sites and in the one Western Ukrainian site where sampling occurred. Amongst the Hungarian sites, six had not previously been studied and the data provided here are the first for Western Ukraine and the second for this country following the published record from Yalta (Crimea, south‐east Ukraine).
Cascade convolutional neural network‐long short‐term memory recurrent neural networks for automatic tonal and nontonal preclassification‐based Indian language identification
Authors: China Bhanja Chuya , Laskar Mohammad A. , Laskar Rabul H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis work presents an automatic tonal/nontonal preclassification‐based Indian language identification (LID) system. Languages are firstly classified into tonal and nontonal categories, and then, individual languages are identified from the languages of the respective categories. This work proposes the use of pitch Chroma and formant features for this task, and also investigates how Mel‐frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) complement these features. It further explores block processing (BP), pitch synchronous analysis (PSA)‐ and glottal closure regions (GCRs)‐based approaches for feature extraction, using syllables as basic units. Cascade convolutional neural network (CNN)‐long short‐term memory (LSTM) model using syllable‐level features has been developed. National Institute of Technology Silchar language database (NITS‐LD) and OGI‐Multilingual Telephone Speech Corpus (OGI‐MLTS) have been used for experimental validation. The proposed system based on the score combination of Cascade CNN‐LSTM models of Chroma (extracted from BP method), first two formants and MFCCs (both extracted from GCR method) reports the highest accuracies. In the preclassification stage, the observed accuracies are 91%, 87.3%, and 85.1% for NITS‐LD, for 30 s, 10 s, and 3 s test data respectively. For OGI‐MLTS database, the respective accuracies are 86.7%, 83.1%, and 80.6%. That amounts to absolute improvements of 11.6%, 12.3%, and 13.9% for NITS‐LD, and 12.5%, 11.9%, and 12.6% for OGI‐MLTS database with respect to that of the baseline system. The proposed preclassification‐based LID system shows improvements of 7.3%, 6.4%, and 7.4% for NITS‐LD and 6.1%, 6.7%, and 7.2% for OGI‐MLTS database over the baseline system for the three respective test data conditions.
Breaking a single hydrogen bond in the mitochondrial tRNAPhe‐PheRS complex leads to phenotypic pleiotropy of human disease
Authors: Peretz Moshe , Tworowski Dmitry , Kartvelishvili Ekaterine , Livingston John , Chrzanowska‐Lightowlers Zofia , Safro Mark 
Published: March 2020

Various pathogenic variants in both mitochondrial tRNAPhe and Phenylalanyl‐tRNA synthetase mitochondrial protein coding gene (FARS2) gene encoding for the human mitochondrial PheRS have been identified and associated with neurological and/or muscle‐related pathologies. An important Guanine‐34 (G34)A anticodon mutation associated with myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers (MERRF) syndrome has been reported in hmit‐tRNAPhe. The majority of G34 contacts in available aaRSs‐tRNAs complexes specifically use that base as an important tRNA identity element. The network of intermolecular interactions providing its specific recognition also largely conserved. However, their conservation depends also on the invariance of the residues in the anticodon binding domain (ABD) of human mitochondrial Phenylalanyl‐tRNA synthetase (hmit‐PheRS). A defect in recognition of the anticodon of tRNAPhe may happen not only because of G34A mutation, but also due to mutations in the ABD. Indeed, a pathogenic mutation in FARS2 has been recently reported in a 9‐year‐old female patient harboring a p.Asp364Gly mutation. Asp364 is hydrogen bonded (HB) to G34 in WT hmit‐PheRS. Thus, there are two pathogenic variants disrupting HB between G34 and Asp364: one is associated with G34A mutation, and the other with Asp364Gly mutation. We have measured the rates of tRNAPhe aminoacylation catalyzed by WT hmit‐PheRS and mutant enzymes. These data ranked the residues making a HB with G34 according to their contribution to activity and the signal transduction pathway in the hmit‐PheRS‐tRNAPhe complex. Furthermore, we carried out extensive MD simulations to reveal the interdomain contact topology on the dynamic trajectories of the complex, and gaining insight into the structural and dynamic integrity effects of hmit‐PheRS complexed with tRNAPhe.DatabaseStructural data are available in PDB database under the accession number(s): 3CMQ, 3TUP, 5MGH, 5MGV.
USP7‐dependent control of myogenin stability is required for terminal differentiation in skeletal muscle progenitors
Authors: de la Vega Eduardo , González Natalia , Cabezas Felipe , Montecino Fabián , Blanco Natasha , Olguín Hugo 
Published: March 2020

Satellite cells (SCs) are myogenic progenitors responsible for skeletal muscle regeneration and maintenance. Upon activation, SCs enter a phase of robust proliferation followed by terminal differentiation. Underlying this myogenic progression, the sequential expression of muscle regulatory transcription factors (MRFs) and the downregulation of transcription factor paired box gene 7 (Pax7) are key steps regulating SC fate. In addition to transcriptional regulation, post‐translational control of Pax7 and the MRFs provides another layer of spatiotemporal control to the myogenic process. In this context, previous work showed that Pax7 is ubiquitinated by the E3 ligase neural precursor cell‐expressed developmentally downregulated protein 4 and interacts with several proteins related to the ubiquitin–proteasome system, including the deubiquitinase ubiquitin‐specific protease 7 (USP7). Although USP7 functions in diverse cellular contexts, its role(s) during myogenesis remains poorly explored. Here, we show that USP7 is transiently expressed in adult muscle progenitors, correlating with the onset of myogenin expression, while it is downregulated in newly formed myotubes/myofibers. Acute inhibition of USP7 activity upon muscle injury results in persistent expression of early regeneration markers and a significant reduction in the diameter of regenerating myofibers. At the molecular level, USP7 downregulation or pharmacological inhibition impairs muscle differentiation by affecting myogenin stability. Co‐immunoprecipitation and in vitro activity assays indicate that myogenin is a novel USP7 target for deubiquitination. These results suggest that USP7 regulates SC myogenic progression by enhancing myogenin stability.
Impacts of artificial barriers on the connectivity and dispersal of vascular macrophytes in rivers: A critical review
Authors: Jones Peter E. , Consuegra Sofia , Börger Luca , Jones Joshua , Garcia de Leaniz Carlos 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Macrophytes play important functional roles in river ecosystems, providing habitat and food, as well as influencing flow, water chemistry, and sediment dynamics. They also represent an important component of river biodiversity.

Artificial river barriers have the potential to disrupt macrophyte dispersal, and compromise their distribution and persistence, but little information is available compared to barrier impacts on fish and macroinvertebrates. Here, we review the mechanisms supporting dispersal of river macrophytes in rivers and evaluate the nature of barrier impacts on macrophytes.

Hydrochory (dispersal of propagules by water) is the principal mechanism of downstream dispersal, while zoochory (dispersal of propagules by animals) is likely to be the most important vector of upstream dispersal and inter‐catchment transport.

Most studies have focused on the impact of large structures such as dams, and the findings indicate the impact is highly context dependent. Slow‐flowing habitats upstream of dams can act as traps to drifting propagules and thereby interrupt hydrochory. However, the consequences of interrupted hydrochory for downstream populations are unclear. River regulation can result in lower macrophyte diversity, although the lentic habitats associated with reservoirs can also favour an increase in the abundance and richness of macrophyte communities.

Instream barriers are unlikely to affect zoochory by birds directly, but barriers are well known to restrict fish movements, so there is considerable potential for barriers to disrupt zoochory by fish, although no empirical study has specifically examined this possibility.

There is a paucity of studies examining the impacts of low‐head barriers on macrophyte dispersal. Given the influence of macrophytes on river processes, we call for further research into barrier impacts on macrophyte population dynamics in order to gain a better understanding of the consequences of river fragmentation for fluvial communities and ecosystem functioning.
Forecasting intensifying disturbance effects on coral reefs
Authors: Vercelloni Julie , Liquet Benoit , Kennedy Emma V. , González‐Rivero Manuel , Caley M. Julian , Peterson Erin E. , Puotinen Marji , Hoegh‐Guldberg Ove , Mengersen Kerrie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAnticipating future changes of an ecosystem's dynamics requires knowledge of how its key communities respond to current environmental regimes. The Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is under threat, with rapid changes of its reef‐building hard coral (HC) community structure already evident across broad spatial scales. While several underlying relationships between HC and multiple disturbances have been documented, responses of other benthic communities to disturbances are not well understood. Here we used statistical modelling to explore the effects of broad‐scale climate‐related disturbances on benthic communities to predict their structure under scenarios of increasing disturbance frequency. We parameterized a multivariate model using the composition of benthic communities estimated by 145,000 observations from the northern GBR between 2012 and 2017. During this time, surveyed reefs were variously impacted by two tropical cyclones and two heat stress events that resulted in extensive HC mortality. This unprecedented sequence of disturbances was used to estimate the effects of discrete versus interacting disturbances on the compositional structure of HC, soft corals (SC) and algae. Discrete disturbances increased the prevalence of algae relative to HC while the interaction between cyclones and heat stress was the main driver of the increase in SC relative to algae and HC. Predictions from disturbance scenarios included relative increases in algae versus SC that varied by the frequency and types of disturbance interactions. However, high uncertainty of compositional changes in the presence of several disturbances shows that responses of algae and SC to the decline in HC needs further research. Better understanding of the effects of multiple disturbances on benthic communities as a whole is essential for predicting the future status of coral reefs and managing them in the light of new environmental regimes. The approach we develop here opens new opportunities for reaching this goal.
Recovered Camellia oleifera lecithin by acid and enzymatic oil‐degumming: chemical composition and emulsifying properties
Authors: Hu Wenna , Liu Pengzhan , Liu Guoqin , Lu Xiaozhu 
Published: March 2020

SummaryIn this study, the chemical composition and emulsifying properties of camellia lecithin recovered from crude camellia oil by both acid and enzymatic degumming were investigated. Camellia lecithin recovered from acid degumming (CLAD) mainly comprised phospholipids (PS, PI, PE and PA), whereas camellia lecithin recovered from enzymatic degumming (CLED) contained more lysophospholipids (LPI, LPE, LPA). The saturated fatty acids made up a large portion of total fatty acids in CLED compared to CLAD. CLED‐stabilised emulsions tended to be more stable than CLAD‐stabilised emulsions. Meanwhile, emulsions stabilised by CLED exhibited smaller particle size in agreement with their microstructures. Moreover, both CLED and CLAD‐stabilised emulsions were sensitive to pH and ionic strength changes and provided smaller particle size and higher stability at pH = 7 and 1 mm NaCl concentration. These findings provide valuable information for potential applications of camellia lecithin with characteristic phospholipid composition as alternative o/w emulsifiers in food industry.