bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smartphones for public transport planning and recommendation in developing countries—A review
Authors: Verma Rohit , Chakraborty Sandip 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this era of connected systems that have penetrated everywhere, transport units have become a significant source of data, collected from commuters, vehicles, drivers, or any section being touched by the transport system. These data, which have both spatial as well as temporal aspects, is utilized for a plethora of services like travel assistant systems, multi‐modal transport solutions, real‐time travel information, smart parking, autonomous vehicles, to name a few. With the current buzz of sustainable transport, the use of public transport systems have been popularized owing to the economic and environmental savings. In this review article, we provide a highlight of works, which have tried to utilize techniques to improve multiple sections of the public transport system, primarily focusing on developing economies, thus improving the overall commute experience at various countries.This article is categorized under:
Application Areas > Society and Culture
Technologies > Internet of Things
Contextual impacts on individual and synchronous breathing rate variations in three captive odontocete groups
Authors: Serres Agathe , Hao Yujiang , Wang Ding 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBreathing rates are often collected both in the wild and in captivity to inform on cetaceans' internal state. However, few studies have investigated the effect of various factors on this breathing rate. We investigated the variations of individual and synchronous breathing rates depending on individual features (species, sex, age), displayed behavior, social parameters (social grouping), and environmental parameters (diurnal variation, presence of enrichment, unusual events, and presence of visitors in three groups of captive odontocetes (Yangtze finless porpoises, Neophocaena asiaeorentalis asiaeorientalis, East‐Asian finless porpoises, Neophocaena asiaeorentalis sunameri, bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus). Both individual and synchronous breathing rates were the highest when animals engaged in energetic or social behaviors. Individual breathing rate decreased but synchronous breathing rate increased with the presence of enrichment. Both rates increased during unusual events (e.g., pool cleaning, presence of a diver in the pool, noise, transport) and when public was present for Yangtze finless porpoises. Finally, synchronous breathing rate increased for Yangtze finless porpoises when experiencing social separation. We suggest that individual and synchronous breathing rates are useful parameters to measure, both in wild and captive animals, to obtain information on their arousal/stress state. However, these rates should be interpreted with caution and should be used together with other parameters to allow more accurate inferences.
CFT unitarity and the AdS Cutkosky rules
Authors: Meltzer David , Sivaramakrishnan Allic 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We derive the Cutkosky rules for conformal field theories (CFTs) at weak and strong coupling. These rules give a simple, diagrammatic method to compute the double-commutator that appears in the Lorentzian inversion formula. We first revisit weakly-coupled CFTs in flat space, where the cuts are performed on Feynman diagrams. We then generalize these rules to strongly-coupled holographic CFTs, where the cuts are performed on the Witten diagrams of the dual theory. In both cases, Cutkosky rules factorize loop diagrams into on-shell sub-diagrams and generalize the standard S-matrix cutting rules. These rules are naturally formulated and derived in Lorentzian momentum space, where the double-commutator is manifestly related to the CFT optical theorem. Finally, we study the AdS cutting rules in explicit examples at tree level and one loop. In these examples, we confirm that the rules are consistent with the OPE limit and that we recover the S-matrix optical theorem in the flat space limit. The AdS cutting rules and the CFT dispersion formula together form a holographic unitarity method to reconstruct Witten diagrams from their cuts.
QED factorization of non-leptonic B decays
Authors: Beneke Martin , Böer Philipp , Toelstede Jan-Niklas , Vos K. Keri 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We show that the QCD factorization approach for B-meson decays to charmless hadronic two-body final states can be extended to include electromagnetic corrections. The presence of electrically charged final-state particles complicates the framework. Nevertheless, the factorization formula takes the same form as in QCD alone, with appropriate generalizations of the definitions of light-cone distribution amplitudes and form factors to include QED effects. More precisely, we factorize QED effects above the strong interaction scale ΛQCD for the non-radiative matrix elements $$ \left\langle {M}_1{M}_2\left|{Q}_i\right|\overline{B}\right\rangle $$

M
1

M
2

Q
i

B
¯

of the current-current operators from the effective weak interactions. The rates of the branching fractions for the infrared-finite observables $$ \overline{B}\to {M}_1{M}_2\left(\gamma \right) $$

B
¯

→

M
1

M
2

γ

with photons of maximal energy ∆E ≪ ΛQCD is then obtained by multiplying with the soft-photon exponentiation factors. We provide first estimates for the various electromagnetic corrections, and in particular quantify their impact on the πK ratios and sum rules that are often used as diagnostics of New Physics.
Global aspects of spaces of vacua
Authors: Sharon Adar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We study “vacuum crossing”, which occurs when the vacua of a theory are exchanged as we vary some periodic parameter θ in a closed loop. We show that vacuum crossing is a useful non-perturbative tool to study strongly-coupled quantum field theories, since finding vacuum crossing in a weakly-coupled regime of the theory can lead to nontrivial consequences in the strongly-coupled regime. We start by discussing a mechanism where vacuum crossing occurs due to an anomaly, and then discuss some applications of vacuum crossing in general. In particular, we argue that vacuum crossing can be used to check IR dualities and to look for emergent IR symmetries.
Alopecia areata universalis nach Sitagliptin-Einnahme
Authors: Kohlmann Johannes , Ferrer Rubén A. , Markovic Aleksander , Illes Monica , Kunz Manfred 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungEin 64-jähriger Patient entwickelte 1 Monat nach Therapieeinleitung mit Sitagliptin, einem Dipeptidylpeptidase-4(DPP‑4)-Inhibitor, und Metformin eine Alopecia universalis. Die Therapie des Diabetes wurde auf das Sitagliptin eines anderen Herstellers und Dapagliflozin umgestellt. Auf unser Anraten wurde Sitagliptin abgesetzt und eine Monotherapie mit Dapagliflozin fortgeführt. Nach 6 Wochen war eine erneute Therapie mit Sitagliptin bei unzureichend eingestelltem Diabetes notwendig. Die Alopezie persistierte. Aufgrund des immunologischen Interaktionspotenzials vermuten wir eine Assoziation zwischen DPP-4-Inhibition und der Alopezie. Der kurze therapiefreie Zeitraum scheint zu gering, um ein erneutes Haarwachstum zu beobachten. DPP‑4 kann sowohl eine Inhibition als auch Aktivierung des Immunsystems bewirken.
On machine vision and photographic imagination
Authors: Chávez Heras Daniel , Blanke Tobias 
Published: November 2020

Abstract In this article we introduce the concept of implied optical perspective in deep learning computer vision systems. Taking the BBC's experimental television programme “Made by Machine: When AI met the Archive” (2018) as a case study, we trace a conceptual and material link between the system used to automatically “watch” the television archive and a specific type of photographic practice. From a computational aesthetics perspective, we show how deep learning machine vision relies on photography, its technical regimes and epistemic advantages, and we propose a novel way to identify the latent camera through which the BBC archive was seen by machine.
AI transparency: a matter of reconciling design with critique
Authors: Hollanek Tomasz 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the late 2010s, various international committees, expert groups, and national strategy boards have voiced the demand to ‘open’ the algorithmic black box, to audit, expound, and demystify artificial intelligence. The opening of the algorithmic black box, however, cannot be seen only as an engineering challenge. In this article, I argue that only the sort of transparency that arises from critique—a method of theoretical examination that, by revealing pre-existing power structures, aims to challenge them—can help us produce technological systems that are less deceptive and more just. I relate the question of AI transparency to the broader challenge of responsible making, contending that future action must aim to systematically reconcile design—as a way of concealing—with critique—as a manner of revealing.
On strategy-proofness and single-peakedness: median-voting over intervals
Authors: Klaus Bettina , Protopapas Panos 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe study correspondences that choose an interval of alternatives when agents have single-peaked preferences over locations and ordinally extend their preferences over intervals. We extend the main results of Moulin (Public Choice 35:437–455, 1980) to our setting and show that the results of Ching (Soc Choice Welf 26:473–490, 1997) cannot always be similarly extended. First, strategy-proofness and peaks-onliness characterize the class of generalized median correspondences (Theorem 1). Second, this result neither holds on the domain of symmetric and single-peaked preferences, nor can in this result min/max continuity substitute peaks-onliness (see counter-Example 3). Third, strategy-proofness and voter-sovereignty characterize the class of efficient generalized median correspondences (Theorem 2).
Rational curves on genus-one fibrations
Authors: Anella Fabrizio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper we look for necessary and sufficient conditions for a genus-one fibration to have rational curves. We show that a projective variety with log terminal singularities that admits a relatively minimal genus-one fibration$$X\rightarrow B$$X→Bdoes contain vertical rational curves if and only if it not isomorphic to a finite étale quotient of a product$$\tilde{B}\times E$$B~×EoverB. Many sufficient conditions for the existence of rational curves in a variety that admits a genus-one fibration are proved in this paper.
Long-term persistence of gastric dysbiosis after eradication of Helicobacter pylori in patients who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer
Authors: Watanabe Toshio , Nadatani Yuji , Suda Wataru , Higashimori Akira , Otani Koji , Fukunaga Shusei , Hosomi Shuhei , Tanaka Fumio , Nagami Yasuaki , Taira Koichi , Tanigawa Tetsuya , Nakatsu Geicho , Hattori Masahira , Fujiwara Yasuhiro 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Gastric microbiome, other than Helicobacter pylori, plays a role in the tumorigenesis of gastric cancer (GC). Patients who undergo endoscopic submucosal dissection for early GC have a high risk of developing metachronous GC even after successful eradication of H. pylori. Thus, we investigated the microbial profiles and associated changes in such patients after the eradication of H. pylori.

Methods
A total of 19 H. pylori-infected patients with early GC who were or to be treated by endoscopic resection, with paired biopsy samples at pre- and post-eradication therapy, were retrospectively enrolled. Ten H. pylori-negative patients were enrolled as controls. Biopsy samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing.

Results
H. pylori-positive patients exhibited low richness and evenness of bacteria with the deletion of several genera, including Blautia, Ralstonia, Faecalibacterium, Methylobacterium, and Megamonas. H. pylori eradication partially restored microbial diversity, as assessed during a median follow-up at 13 months after eradication therapy. However, post-eradication patients had less diversity than that in the controls and possessed a lower abundance of the five genera mentioned above. The eradication of H. pylori also altered the bacterial composition, but not to the same extent as that in controls. The microbial communities could be clustered into three separate groups: H. pylori-negative, pre-eradication, and post-eradication.

Conclusion
Changes in dysbiosis may persist long after the eradication of H. pylori in patients with a history of GC. Dysbiosis may be involved in the development of both primary and metachronous GC after the eradication of H. pylori in such patients.
Tracking Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Infection Across the Globe
Authors: Castro Monzon Federico , Rödel Mark-Oliver , Jeschke Jonathan M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInfection records of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), a pathogen that has devastated amphibian populations worldwide, have rapidly increased since the pathogen’s discovery. Dealing with so many records makes it difficult to (a) know where, when and in which species infections have been detected, (b) understand how widespread and pervasive Bd is and (c) prioritize study and management areas. We conducted a systematic review of papers and compiled a database with Bd infection records. Our dataset covers 71 amphibian families and 119 countries. The data revealed how widespread and adaptable Bd is, being able to infect over 50% of all tested amphibian species, with over 1000 confirmed host species and being present in 86 countries. The distribution of infected species is uneven among and within countries. Areas where the distributions of many infected species overlap are readily visible; these are regions where Bd likely develops well. Conversely, areas where the distributions of species that tested negative overlap, such as the Atlantic Coast in the USA, suggest the presence of Bd refuges. Finally, we report how the number of tested and infected species has changed through time, and provide a list of oldest detection records per country.
A comprehensive study on bisphenol A degradation by newly isolated strains Acinetobacter sp. K1MN and Pseudomonas sp. BG12
Authors: Noszczyńska Magdalena , Chodór Michalina , Jałowiecki Łukasz , Piotrowska-Seget Zofia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting chemical. Its extensive use has led to the wide occurrence of BPA in various environmental ecosystems, at levels that may cause negative effects to the ecosystem and public health. Although there are many bacteria able to BPA utilization, only a few of them have a strong capacity for its biodegradation. Therefore, it is important to search for new bacteria strains, investigate their BPA biodegradation ability and potential effect of pH and other organic compounds on the process. These tasks have become the object of the present study. The results of our research show that for the newly isolated strains Acinetobacter sp. K1MN and Pseudomonas sp. BG12 after 15 days, with an initial BPA concentration of 100 mg L− 1, the highest BPA removal was achieved at pH 8, while sodium glutamate as a biostimulant best accelerated BPA degradation. Kinetic data for BPA biodegradation by both strains best fitted the Monod model. The specific degradation rate and the half saturation constant were estimated respectively as 8.75 mg L− 1 day− 1 and 111.27 mg L− 1 for Acinetobacter sp. K1MN, and 8.6 mg L− 1 day− 1 and 135.79 mg L− 1 for Pseudomonas sp. BG12. The half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of BPA for Acinetobacter sp. K1MN was 120 mg L− 1 and for Pseudomonas sp. BG12 it was 123 mg L− 1. The toxicity bioassay (Microtox test) showed that elimination of BPA by both strains is accompanied by reduction of its toxic effect. The ability of tested strains to degrade BPA combined with their high resistance to this xenobiotic indicates that Acinetobacter sp. K1MN and Pseudomonas sp. BG12 are potential tools for BPA removal during wastewater treatment plant.
Culturally modified trees and forest structure at a Kawésqar ancient settlement at Río Batchelor, western Patagonia
Authors: Östlund Lars , Zegers Gabriel , Cáceres Murrie Benjamin , Fernández Macarena , Carracedo-Recasens Robert , Josefsson Torbjörn , Prieto Alfredo , Roturier Samuel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIndigenous land use occurring on temporal scales over centuries or millennia shapes forests in specific ways and influences the dynamics of forest ecosystems. It is challenging to study such land use, but analysis of “culturally modified trees” (CMTs) can give precise spatial and temporal information on past land use by indigenous people. The aim of this study was to increase our knowledge of indigenous use of land and resources in Nothofagus forests by identifying CMTs and analyzing the forest structure dynamics in an ancient Kawésqar settlement site in western Patagonia. Our results show that there are CMTs at Río Batchelor and that the forest structure varies significantly within the site, indicating that Kawésqar people altered the forest by extracting various resources. We conclude that CMT studies have great potential in Nothofagus forests in southernmost America, but also face specific challenges due to environmental conditions and lack of corroborating historical information.
Eigenvalues of zero-divisor graphs of finite commutative rings
Authors: Mönius Katja 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe investigate eigenvalues of the zero-divisor graph $$\Gamma (R)$$

Γ
(
R
)

of finite commutative rings R and study the interplay between these eigenvalues, the ring-theoretic properties of R and the graph-theoretic properties of $$\Gamma (R)$$

Γ
(
R
)

. The graph $$\Gamma (R)$$

Γ
(
R
)

is defined as the graph with vertex set consisting of all nonzero zero-divisors of R and adjacent vertices x, y whenever $$xy = 0$$

x
y
=
0

. We provide formulas for the nullity of $$\Gamma (R)$$

Γ
(
R
)

, i.e., the multiplicity of the eigenvalue 0 of $$\Gamma (R)$$

Γ
(
R
)

. Moreover, we precisely determine the spectra of $$\Gamma ({\mathbb {Z}}_p \times {\mathbb {Z}}_p \times {\mathbb {Z}}_p)$$

Γ
(

Z
p

×

Z
p

×

Z
p

)

and $$\Gamma ({\mathbb {Z}}_p \times {\mathbb {Z}}_p \times {\mathbb {Z}}_p \times {\mathbb {Z}}_p)$$

Γ
(

Z
p

×

Z
p

×

Z
p

×

Z
p

)

for a prime number p. We introduce a graph product $$\times _{\Gamma }$$

×
Γ

with the property that $$\Gamma (R) \cong \Gamma (R_1) \times _{\Gamma } \cdots \times _{\Gamma } \Gamma (R_r)$$

Γ

(
R
)

≅
Γ

(

R
1

)

×
Γ

⋯

×
Γ

Γ

(

R
r

)

whenever $$R \cong R_1 \times \cdots \times R_r.$$

R
≅

R
1

×
⋯
×

R
r

.

With this product, we find relations between the number of vertices of the zero-divisor graph $$\Gamma (R)$$

Γ
(
R
)

, the compressed zero-divisor graph, the structure of the ring R and the eigenvalues of $$\Gamma (R)$$

Γ
(
R
)

.
A Novel Dual Antibody Staining Assay to Measure Estrogen Receptor Transcriptional Activity
Authors: van Hemert Freek , Dam-de Veen Christa , Konings Sil , van der Ven John , van de Stolpe Anja 
Published: November 2020

AbstractActivity of the canonical estrogen receptor (ER) pathway is equivalent to functional activity of the nuclear ER transcription factor. Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) that identify nuclear ER in cells and tissue samples are frequently used to assess ER transcriptional activity, however, it remains unclear if this approach is sufficiently predictive of ER pathway activity. This study uses ER-positive breast cancer cell lines (MCF7 and T47D) in which ER transcriptional activity was quantified using an mRNA-based ER pathway activity assay. The relationship between ER activity and nuclear ER staining with ER MoAbs was then investigated. Confirming earlier findings, the results show that while the presence of ER in the cell nucleus is a prerequisite for ER activity, it is not predictive of ER transcriptional activity. There were remarkable differences in the behaviours of the antibodies used in the study. EP1 and 1D5 showed reduced nuclear staining when ER was transcriptionally active, while staining with H4624 was independent of ER activity. To improve discrimination between active and inactive nuclear ER based on ER staining, a method was developed which consists of dual ER MoAb immunofluorescent staining, followed by generation of a digital image with a standard digital pathology scanner. Then a cell nucleus detection algorithm and per cell calculation of the nuclear H4624/EP1 fluorescence intensity ratio was applied, where a high H4624/EP1 ratio predicts an active ER pathway. With this method, the EP1 and 1D5 antibodies are interchangeable. We hypothesize that the transcriptional activation of ER hides the epitope recognized by MoAbs EP1 and 1D5, while H4624 binds an ER epitope that remains accessible during ER pathway activation. The method described in this study should add substantial value to the assessment of ER pathway activity for biomedical research and diagnostics.
Parametric instability of a magnetic pendulum in the presence of a vibrating conducting plate
Authors: Boeck Thomas , Sanjari Seyed Loghman , Becker Tatiana 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA pendulum with an attached permanent magnet swinging in the vicinity of a conductor is a typical experiment for the demonstration of electromagnetic braking and Lenz’ law of induction. When the conductor itself moves, it can transfer energy to the pendulum. An exact analytical model of such an electromagnetic interaction is possible for a flat conducting plate. The eddy currents induced in the plate by a moving magnetic dipole and the resulting force and torque are known analytically in the quasistatic limit, i.e., when the magnetic diffusivity is sufficiently high to ensure an equilibrium of magnetic field advection and diffusion. This allows us to study a simple pendulum with a magnetic dipole moment in the presence of a horizontal plate oscillating in vertical direction. Equilibrium of the pendulum in the vertical position can be realized in three cases considered, i.e., when the magnetic moment is parallel to the rotation axis, or otherwise, its projection onto the plane of motion is either horizontal or vertical. The stability problem is described by a differential equation of Mathieu type with a damping term. Instability is only possible when the vibration amplitude and the distance between plate and magnet satisfy certain constraints related to the simultaneous excitation and damping effects of the plate. The nonlinear motion is studied numerically for the case when the magnetic moment and rotation axis are parallel. Chaotic behavior is found when the eigenfrequency is sufficiently small compared to the excitation frequency. The plate oscillation typically has a stabilizing effect on the inverted pendulum.