bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends of Obese and Morbidly Obese Patients in Same-Day Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty from 2009 to 2016
Authors: Remily Ethan A. , Wilkie Wayne A. , Mohamed Nequesha S. , Pastore Mark , Viola Anthony , Cho Abraham H. , Nace James , Delanois Ronald E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAs obesity in the United States increases, the proportion of obese and morbidly obese patients undergoing same-day bilateral total knee arthroplasty (sd-BTKA) remains unknown. Therefore, this study analyzed: (1) incidence, (2) patient demographics, (3) patient course, and (4) patient outcomes in obese and morbidly obese patients undergoing sd-BTKA in the United States from 2009 to 2016. The National Inpatient Sample was queried for all sd-BTKA patients from 2009 to 2016, yielding 39,901 obese and 20,394 morbidly obese patients. Analyzed variables included overall incidence, age, length of stay (LOS), sex, race, payer, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) status, disposition, complications, location/teaching status, region of hospital, costs, and charges. Categorical variables were evaluated with chi-square analysis, while continuous variables were analyzed by Student's t-tests. Overall, the number of sd-BTKAs decreased over the study period, although the proportion of both obese and morbidly obese patients increased (p < 0.001 for all). The most common CCI status, 3 + , decreased in proportion for both groups (p < 0.001 for all). Hospital costs decreased and charges increased for both groups (p < 0.001 for all). Mean LOS decreased and patients were most commonly discharged to skilled nursing facilities, although these proportions decreased (p < 0.001 for all). Respiratory failures (p < 0.001 for all) increased for both groups, while proportion of deep vein thromboses and hematomas/seromas (p < 0.001 for all) increased for obese patients and proportion of pulmonary emboli (p < 0.001) increased for morbidly obese patients. The results of this study appear to portray improving optimization and patient selection of higher body mass index (BMI) individuals undergoing this procedure. More information is needed comparing the safety of the sd-BTKA across patients of all BMI groups.
Early Neuromuscular Blockade in Children with Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Chandra Surabhi , Goel Sahil , Dawra Ritika 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) is a challenging problem with high mortality. Role of neuromuscular blockade in the management of ARDS to date has been controversial, and this study was done to study the role of neuromuscular blockade in children having PARDS and development of associated complications, if any. This was a prospective, case–control study conducted in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a tertiary care teaching hospital, over a period of 24 months. Patients of age 1 to 18 years who presented with or developed PARDS during their course of hospitalization were included after written informed consent was obtained from their parents and/or guardians. Patients with PARDS requiring invasive mechanical ventilation were partitioned into a case group and a control group. Case group patients were sedated and paralyzed using midazolam (1 µg/kg/min) and vecuronium (1 µg/kg/min), respectively, along with institution of definitive management. Control group patients were given definitive and supportive therapy, but no neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs). All patients were followed up for signs and symptoms of myopathy or neuropathy during the entire duration of hospital stay and up to 3 months after discharge. During the study period, 613 patients were admitted to the PICU of which 91 patients qualified as having PARDS. Sepsis was the main etiology in 67 of the 91 patients (73.6%) with PARDS. Fifty-nine patients were included in the study, of which 29 patients were included in the case group and 30 patients were included in the control group. Among the 29 case group patients, 25 patients (86.2%) were successfully extubated. Four patients from the case group expired, while 14 out of 30 control group patients (46.7%) expired. Hypotension was present in 26 case group patients (89.6%), of which all showed resolution within 48 hours of definitive treatment. The mean time to resolution of hypotension was 41.6 hours (standard deviation [SD]: 5.759; range: 24–48) for case group patients, significantly lower (p < 0.0001) than the mean time to resolution of 103 hours (SD: 18.995; range: 90–126) for the 10 control group patients with hypotension that survived. Mean oxygenation index (OI) following 48 hours of vecuronium therapy was significantly lower (p < 0.0001; 95% confidence interval: 5.9129–9.9671) than mean OI at admission for case group patients. None of the patients receiving vecuronium exhibited neuromuscular deficit during their hospital stay, at time of discharge, or at follow-up evaluation up to 3 months after discharge. In this study, pediatric cases diagnosed with PARDS and managed with mechanical ventilation and vecuronium therapy had improved mean OI following 48 hours of NMBA therapy and a lower mortality when compared with matched control group patients. Incidence of NMBA-related weakness was not commonly observed in these patients.
Cementless Fixation for Total Knee Arthroplasty in Various Patient Populations: A Literature Review
Authors: Salem Hytham S. , Tarazi John M. , Ehiorobo Joseph O. , Marchand Kevin B. , Mathew Kevin K. , Sodhi Nipun , Mont Michael A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe number of total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) performed in the United States has increased considerably in recent years, with a major contribution from younger patients. Maximizing survivorship of these implants has always been a point of emphasis. Early TKA designs with cementless fixation were associated with high rates of complications and implant failures. However, recent advances in cementless designs have shown excellent results. The decision to use cemented or cementless fixation for patients undergoing TKA is typically based on the surgeon's experience and preference. However, several patient characteristics must also be taken into account. The purpose of this review was to describe the clinical outcomes of studies in which a cementless TKA system was utilized for patients who (1) were less than 60 years of age, (2) were greater than 75 years of age, (3) were obese, (4) had rheumatoid arthritis, and (5) had osteonecrosis of the knee. Based on the studies included in this review, it appears that cementless fixation is a viable option for patients who have all of the above demographics.
Depth-dependent soil mixing persists across climate zones
Authors: Gray Harrison J. , Keen-Zebert Amanda , Furbish David J. , Tucker Gregory E. , Mahan Shannon A. 
Published: April 2020

SignificanceSoil mixing occurs when sediment and organic matter are moved by biotic processes (burrowing mammals and invertebrates, root growth, and decay) and abiotic processes (movement of water and granular creep). Soil mixing plays a key role in carbon storage, nutrient and contaminant dispersion, and hillslope sediment transport, yet we lack quantitative information about soil mixing and its variation with depth in a soil profile. Here we present evidence showing that soil mixing systematically varies with depth in the soil. We also find that soils appear to be mixed similarly across climate zones, suggesting that soil mixing operates in a similar way over a range of different environments.
Reconstitution of polythioamide antibiotic backbone formation reveals unusual thiotemplated assembly strategy
Authors: Dunbar Kyle L. , Dell Maria , Gude Finn , Hertweck Christian 
Published: April 2020

Significance
Nonribosomal peptides (NRPs) are a vast class of natural products and an important source of therapeutics. Typically, these secondary metabolites are assembled by NRP synthetases (NRPSs) that function on substrates covalently linked to the enzyme by a thioester, in a process known as thiotemplated biosynthesis. Although NRPS-independent assembly pathways are known, all are nonthiotemplated. Here we report an NRPS-independent yet thiotemplated pathway for NRP biosynthesis and demonstrate that members of the ATP-grasp and cysteine protease families form the β-peptide backbone of an antibiotic. Armed with this knowledge, we provide genomic evidence that this noncanonical assembly pathway is widespread in bacteria. Our results will inspire future genome mining efforts for the discovery of potential therapeutics that otherwise would be overlooked.
Aquatic stem group myriapods close a gap between molecular divergence dates and the terrestrial fossil record
Authors: Edgecombe Gregory D. , Strullu-Derrien Christine , Góral Tomasz , Hetherington Alexander J. , Thompson Christine , Koch Markus 
Published: April 2020

Significance
Most arthropod diversity is now found on land, with hexapods (insects), arachnids, and myriapods being major terrestrial radiations. Molecular dating consistently predicts that these groups have earlier evolutionary origins than are recorded by fossils. A reason for this difference between molecular- and fossil-based age estimates is that few candidates for marine or freshwater stem groups of these terrestrial lineages have been identified. A Devonian euthycarcinoid arthropod preserves details of the head shared by myriapods, adding support to the theory that they are each other’s closest relative. The fossil record of euthycarcinoids in the Cambrian, including trackways made on tidal flats, clarifies the marine-to-terrestrial transition in the myriapod lineage and reconciles molecular and fossil-based estimates for the timing of myriapod origins.
Kinetic control of stationary flux ratios for a wide range of biochemical processes
Authors: Mallory Joel D. , Kolomeisky Anatoly B. , Igoshin Oleg A. 
Published: April 2020

Significance
Chemical kinetic formalism is widely used to describe biochemical processes, including channel transport, enzymatic catalysis, genetic regulation, and signal transduction. Fundamentally, transitions between biochemical states are defined by the underlying free energy landscapes, but few general results relate the landscape features to biologically relevant properties. At equilibrium, the probabilities of discrete states only depend on their energies and not on the energy barriers in between states. However, few general claims about nonequilibrium steady states have been formulated. Here, for nonequilibrium steady states of networks with quasi-order transitions, we prove that the flux ratios are invariant to energy perturbations of the states and, therefore, are only affected by the free energy barriers. Biological implications of the result are illustrated for three distinct biological processes.
Actuation and locomotion driven by moisture in paper made with natural pollen
Authors: Zhao Ze , Hwang Youngkyu , Yang Yun , Fan Tengfei , Song Juha , Suresh Subra , Cho Nam-Joon 
Published: April 2020

Significance
Much progress has been made in developing bioinspired sensors and actuators based on engineered synthetic materials, although there remains a critical need to incorporate cost-effective and eco-friendly materials. Here naturally abundant pollen grains are used as a material template to produce paper that sensitively and reversibly responds as an actuator to variations in environmental humidity. The actuating properties of the all-natural paper are readily tuned by material characteristics, such as sheet thickness and surface roughness. We demonstrate self-actuation of the pollen-based paper by mimicking flower blooming. The results presented here point to pathways for the creation of self-propelled robots, flexible electronics, and multifunctional devices. They also offer the potential for digital printing and fabrication of complex and programmable natural actuators.
The impact of teaching quality and learning time on primary EFL learners’receptive proficiency
Authors: Wilden Eva , Porsch Raphaela 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This contribution presents the preliminary findings from the TEPS study (Teaching English in Primary
Schools). The study is situated in Germany where primary foreign language (FL) education has been compulsory since
2004, with pupils beginning FL education – mostly English as a FL (EFL) – in either year 1 or 3. Generally, this introduction of
primary FL education has not been empirically evaluated, in spite of various open research questions: (1) Does the receptive EFL
proficiency of learners at the end of primary education in year 4 differ depending on their learning time (duration & age of
onset)? (2) Is there a correlation between teaching quality (learners’ perspective) and learners’ receptive EFL proficiency as
well as their attitudes towards learning EFL? Prior studies (e.g. Demircioglu, 2010)
gave first indications that learners with an earlier start achieve better receptive skills. Yet, findings from these samples
cannot be generalized and are altogether inconclusive (e.g. Jaekel, van Ackern, Schurig, &
Ritter, 2017). Studies investigating correlations between teaching quality and learner achievements in primary school
are mainly based in maths and science education (e.g. TIMSS-2015: see Rieser, Stahns,
Walzebug, & Wendt, 2016). Thus, the TEPS study situated in both applied linguistics and educational science is
addressing some of these research deficits by (a) testing pupils’ receptive EFL proficiency at the end of primary education in
year 4 (n = 269) and (b) surveying teaching quality and learner attitudes towards EFL. The study has been
conducted in two federal states with different ages of onset (year 1 vs. year 3). Aside from the theoretical background and
context of the study this paper will present the complex research design followed by preliminary findings from the pilot study
giving insights into the questions raised above (for the main study see Wilden, Porsch, &
Schurig, 2020).
Spatial planning for urban ventilation corridors by urban climatology
Authors: Gu Kangkang , Fang Yunhao , Qian Zhao , Sun Zhen , Wang Ai 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Ventilation corridors in cities can decrease air pollution and alleviate heat island problems but there remains a need to fully assess their effectiveness. Few urban managers have been able to take city-scale approaches to the construction of urban ventilation corridors. This study aimed to introduced the Ventilation Corridor Planning (VCP) model, which is a multi-criteria evaluation method combined with a geographical information system (GIS) to determine where the ventilated environment is most appropriate. Specifically, the VCP model took Bozhou, China as the research object and contained two scales, including mesoscale and local scale. In mesoscale scale, we got three outputs to build urban ventilation corridors, including 1) background wind environment, 2) ventilation potential, 3) heat island intensity. In local scale, we used traditional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to verify the impact of VCP criteria. The results revealed that compared with the traditional CFD model, the proposed VCP model has advantages in establishing a comprehensive evaluation standard. In addition, the application of VCP model in macro and micro also enhances the efficiency of ventilation corridor construction. Overall, this study introduced a effective modeling method to urban ventilation corridors planning, and provide a way to study the urban climate.
Wafer-scale nanofabrication of sub-100 nm arrays by deep-UV displacement Talbot lithography
Authors: Gómez Víctor J , Graczyk Mariusz , Jam Reza Jafari , Lehmann Sebastian , Maximov Ivan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this manuscript, we demonstrate the potential of replacing the standard bottom anti-reflective coating (BARC) with a polymethylglutarimide (PMGI) layer for wafer-scale nanofabrication by means of deep-UV displacement talbot lithography (DTL). PMGI is functioning as a developable non-UV sensitive bottom anti-reflective coating (DBARC). After introducing the fabrication process using a standard BARC-based coating and the novel PMGI-based one, the DTL nanopatterning capabilities for both coatings are compared by means of the fabrication of etched nanoholes in a dielectric layer and metal nanodots made by lift-off. Improvement of DTL capabilities are attributed to a reduction of process complexity by avoiding the use of O2 plasma etching of the BARC layer. We show the capacity of this approach to produce nanoholes or nanodots with diameters ranging from 95 to 200 nm at a wafer-scale using only one mask and a proper exposing dose. The minimum diameter of the nanoholes is reduced from 118 to 95 nm when using the PMGI-based coating instead of the BARC-based one. The possibilities opened by the PMGI-based coating are illustrated by the successful fabrication of an array of nanoholes with sub-100 nm diameter for GaAs nanowire growth on a 2″ GaAs wafer, a 2″ nanoimprint lithography (NIL) master stamp, and an array of Au nanodots made by lift-off on a 4″ silica wafer. Therefore, DTL possess the potential for wafer-scale manufacturing of nano-engineered materials.
Low cost device to study static electricity and to verify the
polarity of the charge on the surface of the materials in the triboelectric
series
Authors: Lahane Rohan D , Paranjpye Arvind 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Students are introduced to the concepts of static electricity at a school level
and an under-graduate level. In this paper, we present an inexpensive and
portable device that can be used to study the static electricity and verify
polarity of the electric charge on materials in a triboelectric series. This
device is developed at the Science Laboratory, Nehru Planetarium (Mumbai),
India. It has wide applications as an educational tool to teach the fundamental
concepts of electrostatics in a simpler way.
Tensile and fatigue testing of impacted smart CFRP composites with embedded PZT transducers for nonlinear ultrasonic monitoring of damage evolution
Authors: Andreades Christos , Meo Michele , Ciampa Francesco 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Ultrasonic systems based on ‘smart’ composite structures with embedded sensor networks can reduce both inspection time and costs of aircraft components during maintenance or in-service. This paper assessed the tensile strength and fatigue endurance of carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) laminates with embedded piezoelectric (PZT) transducers, which were covered with glass fibre patches for electrical insulation. This sensor layout was proposed and tested by the authors in recent studies, proving its suitability for nonlinear ultrasonic detection of material damage without compromising the compressive, flexural or interlaminar shear strength of the ‘smart’ CFRP composite. In this work, CFRP samples including PZTs (G-specimens) were tested against plain samples (P-specimens), and their mean values of tensile strength and fatigue cycles to failure were found to be statistically the same (910 MPa and 713 000 cycles) using the one-way analysis of variance method. The same tests on P- and G-specimens with barely visible impact damage (BVID) showed that the corresponding group means were also the same (865 MPa and 675 000 cycles). Nonlinear ultrasonic experiments on impacted G-samples demonstrated that embedded PZTs could monitor the growth of BVID during fatigue testing, for a minimum of 480 000 cycles. This was achieved by calculating an increase of nearly two orders of magnitude in the ratio of second-to-fundamental harmonic amplitude. Finally, PZT transducers were confirmed functional under cyclic loading up to ∼70% of sample’s life, since their capacitance remained constant during ultrasonic testing.
Stray light analysis of the Xinglong 2.16-m telescope
Authors: Li Tao-Ran , Wang Jian-Feng , Zhang Xiao-Ming , Zhao Yong , Tian Jian-Feng 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
An effort towards understanding the problems associated with stray light related to the Xinglong 2.16-m telescope is presented to estimate the stray light performance of the telescope itself and provide a method for improving stray light suppression. Stray light analysis for the 2.16-m telescope model, which consists of an onion shaped dome, telescope structure, equatorial mount and telescope optics, has been developed in two cases (1) pointing to 60° and (2) pointing to zenith, in both azimuth and elevation directions. The Point Source Normalized Irradiance Transmittance (PSNIT), which is generally used for assessing stray light and is uncorrelated to entrance aperture, is calculated with a series of off-axis angles. It shows that the PSNIT values are less than 10−7 when off-axis angles are larger than ± 20°. The dominant contributors to stray light (primary and secondary mirror, telescope structure and dome) are identified to guide performance improvement. The analyses indicate that significant benefit can be realized by adding only five vanes inside the bottom portion of the secondary baffle. In the case of pointing to zenith, the PSNIT values will decrease about 40% on average.
Sun-Earth connection event of super geomagnetic storm on 2001 March 31: the importance of solar wind density
Authors: Cheng Li-Bin , Le Gui-Ming , Zhao Ming-Xian 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
An X1.7 flare at 10:15 UT and a halo CME with a projected speed of 942 km s−1 erupted from NOAA solar active region 9393 located at N20W19, which were observed on 2001 March 29. When the CME reached the Earth, it triggered a super geomagnetic storm (hereafter super storm). We find that the CME always moved towards the Earth according to the intensity-time profiles of protons with different energies. The solar wind parameters responsible for the main phase of the super storm occurred on 2001 March 31 are analyzed while taking into account the delayed geomagnetic effect of solar wind at the L1 point and using the SYM-H index. According to the variation properties of SYM-H index during the main phase of the super storm, the main phase of the super storm is divided into two parts. A comparative study of solar wind parameters responsible for two parts shows the evidence that the solar wind density plays a significant role in transferring solar wind energy into the magnetosphere, besides the southward magnetic field and solar wind speed.
The force-free dipole magnetosphere in nonlinear electrodynamics
Authors: Li Hui-Quan , Yang Xiao-Lin , Wang Jian-Cheng 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Quantum electrodynamics (QED) effects may be included in physical processes of magnetar and pulsar magnetospheres with strong magnetic fields. Involving the quantum corrections, Maxwell electrodynamics is modified to nonlinear electrodynamics. In this work, we study the force-free magnetosphere in nonlinear electrodynamics in a general framework. The pulsar equation describing a steady and axisymmetric magnetosphere is derived, which now admits solutions with corrections. We derive the first-order nonlinear corrections to the near-zone dipole magnetosphere in some popular nonlinear effective theories. The field lines of the corrected dipole tend to converge on the rotational axis so that the fields in the polar region are stronger compared to the pure dipole case.
First time-resolved CCD photometry and time-series analysis of NSV 13601
Authors: Gohil Virabhadrasinh A. , Bhatnagar Sachchidanand Prakash 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We present the first results of a time-resolved CCD photometric and time-series analysis of NSV 13601, a variable star in the constellation Pegasus. The 14″ Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope of Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University (MKBU) was used for observations. Analysis was performed both in VStar and Period04 software, and their results were compared. The main results are as follows: From data analysis, its has period ∼77.784 d (MKBU data V) (VStar), ∼77.632 d (MKBU data Ic) (VStar), ∼77.058 d (MKBU data V) (Period04) and ∼49.560 d (MKBU data Ic) (Period04). Its V and I mean magnitudes for MKBU data are 12.203 (V) and 11.292 (I) mag respectively. We confirm it to be a variable star.