bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Satellite cell self‐renewal in endurance exercise is mediated by inhibition of mitochondrial oxygen consumption
Authors: Abreu Phablo , Kowaltowski Alicia J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundSkeletal muscle stem cells (satellite cells) are well known to participate in regeneration and maintenance of the tissue over time. Studies have shown increases in the number of satellite cells after exercise, but their functional role in endurance training remains unexplored.MethodsYoung adult mice were submitted to endurance exercise training and the function, differentiation, and metabolic characteristics of satellite cells were investigated in vivo and in vitro.ResultsWe found that injured muscles from endurance‐exercised mice display improved regenerative capacity, demonstrated through higher densities of newly formed myofibres compared with controls (evidenced by an increase in embryonic myosin heavy chain expression), as well as lower inflammation (evidenced by quantifying CD68‐marked macrophages), and reduced fibrosis. Enhanced myogenic function was accompanied by an increased fraction of satellite cells expressing self‐renewal markers, while control satellite cells had morphologies suggestive of early differentiation. The beneficial effects of endurance exercise were associated with satellite cell metabolic reprogramming, including reduced mitochondrial respiration (O2 consumption) under resting conditions (absence of muscle injury) and increased stemness. During proliferation or activated states (3 days after injury), O2 consumption was equal in control and exercised cells, while exercise enhanced myogenic colony formation. Surprisingly, inhibition of mitochondrial O2 consumption was sufficient to enhance muscle stem cell self‐renewal characteristics in vitro. Moreover, transplanted muscle satellite cells from exercised mice or cells with reduced mitochondrial respiration promoted a significant reduction in inflammation compared with controls.ConclusionsOur results indicate that endurance exercise promotes self‐renewal and inhibits differentiation in satellite cells, an effect promoted by metabolic reprogramming and respiratory inhibition, which is associated with a more favourable muscular response to injury.
Inhibition of cyclin‐dependent kinase 9 synergistically enhances venetoclax activity in mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Zhao Xiaoxian , Bodo Juraj , Chen Ruoying , Durkin Lisa , Souers Andrew J. , Phillips Darren C. , Hsi Eric D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive and largely incurable subtype of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. Venetoclax has demonstrated efficacy in MCL patients with relapsed or refractory disease, however response is variable and less durable than CLL. This may be the result of co‐expression of other anti‐apoptotic proteins such as MCL‐1, which is associated with both intrinsic and acquired resistance to venetoclax in B‐cell malignancies. One strategy for neutralizing MCL‐1 and other short‐lived survival factors is to inhibit CDK9, which plays a key role in transcription. Here, we report the response of MCL cell lines and primary patient samples to the combination of venetoclax and novel CDK9 inhibitors. Primary samples represented de novo patients and relapsed disease, including relapse after ibrutinib failure. Despite the diverse responses to each single agent, possibly due to variable expression of the BCL‐2 family members, venetoclax plus CDK9 inhibitors synergistically induced apoptosis in MCL cells. The synergistic effect was also confirmed via venetoclax plus a direct MCL‐1 inhibitor. Murine xenograft studies demonstrated potent in vivo efficacy of venetoclax plus CDK9 inhibitor that was superior to each agent alone. Together, this study supports clinical investigation of this combination in MCL, including in patients who have progressed on ibrutinib.
One‐pot homo‐ and cross‐coupling of diazanaphthalenes via C‐H substitution: Synthesis of Bis‐ and Tris‐diazanaphthalenes
Authors: Ucar Sefa , Dastan Arif 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe transition metal‐free coupling reactions of unactivated diazanaphthalenes were studied using only lithium tetramethylpiperidine (LiTMP) reagent. Symmetrical and nonsymmetrical bis‐diazanaphthalenes were synthesized in moderate to high yield by homo‐ and cross‐coupling of related monomers. In addition, the single‐step synthesis of diquinoxalino [2,3‐a: 2', 3'c] phenazine and 2,2': 3', 2″ ‐ terquinoxaline using the appropriate equivalent amount of LiTMP was performed. The products were characterized by means of NMR spectroscopy and HRMS spectrometry.
An Insight View on Synthetic Protocol, Surface Activity, and Biological Aspects of Novel Biocompatible Quaternary Ammonium Cationic Gemini Surfactants
Authors: Akram Mohd , Lal Hira , Osama Mohammad , Ansari Farah , Anwar Sana , Kabir‐ud‐Din  , Ahmad Ajaz , Samreen  , Azum Naved , Marwani Hadi M. , Asiri Abdullah M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this study, we prepared a novel series of diester‐functionalized cationic gemini surfactants (Cm‐E2O2‐Cm) containing ethylene oxide as a spacer with varying alkyl chain lengths and characterized by 1H NMR, FT‐IR, elemental analysis, and ESI‐MS. The physicochemical properties of the geminis were explored by tensiometry, fluorescence, dye solubilization, and Krafft point. These geminis acquire superior surface activity than the conventional surfactants. Fluorescence spectroscopy analysis affirmed that the micropolarity and aggregation number of micelles diminished with increase in the alkyl chain length. These geminis represent a new group of amphiphiles of considerably high biodegradability, better cleavability, and low toxicity as assessed by BOD test, FT‐IR analysis, and HC50 analysis, respectively. They also showed significant level of antimicrobial activity toward some specified bacterial strains of Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative by using agar well diffusion method. Furthermore, the thermogravimetric analysis provided information regarding thermal stabilities of the newly synthesized gemini surfactants.
Yield prediction with machine learning algorithms and satellite images
Authors: Sharifi Alireza 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDBarley is one of the strategic agricultural products available in the world, and yield prediction is important for ensuring food security. One way of estimating a product is to use remote sensing data in conjunction with field data and meteorological data. One of the main issues surrounding this comprises the use of machine learning techniques to create a multi‐resource data‐based estimation model. Many studies have been conducted on barley yield prediction from planting to harvest. Still, the effect of different time intervals on yield prediction has not been investigated. Furthermore, the effect of different periods on yield prediction has not been investigated.RESULTSIn the present study, the whole growth period was divided into three parts. Using one of the major barley production areas in Iran, the performance of the proposed model was evaluated. In the first step, a model for integrating field data, remote sensing data and meteorological data was prepared. The results obtained show that, among the four machine learning methods implemented, the gaussian process regression algorithm performed best and estimated yield with r2 = 0.84, root mean square error = 737 kg ha−1 and mean absolute = 650 kg ha−1, 1 month before harvest.CONCLUSIONIt was found that the estimation results change depending on different agricultural zones and temporal training settings. The findings of the present study provide a powerful potential tool for the yield prediction of barley using multi‐source data and machine learning. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Assessment of holographic microscopy for quantifying marine particle size and concentration
Authors: Walcutt Noah L. , Knörlein Benjamin , Cetinić Ivona , Ljubesic Zrinka , Bosak Suncica , Sgouros Tom , Montalbano Amanda L. , Neeley Aimee , Menden‐Deuer Susanne , Omand Melissa M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHolographic microscopy has emerged as a tool for in situ imaging of microscopic organisms and other particles in the marine environment: appealing because of the relatively larger sampling volume and simpler optical configuration compared to other imaging systems. However, its quantitative capabilities have so far remained uncertain, in part because hologram reconstruction and image recognition have required manual operation. Here, we assess the quantitative skill of our automated hologram processing pipeline (CCV Pipeline), to evaluate the size and concentration measurements of environmental and cultured assemblages of marine plankton particles, and microspheres. Over 1 million particles, ranging from 10 to 200 μm in equivalent spherical diameter, imaged by the 4‐Deep HoloSea digital inline holographic microscope (DIHM) are analyzed. These measurements were collected in parallel with a FlowCam (FC), Imaging FlowCytobot (IFCB), and manual microscope identification. Once corrections for particle location and nonuniform illumination were developed and applied, the DIHM showed an underestimate in ESD of about 3% to 10%, but successfully reproduced the size spectral slope from environmental samples, and the size distribution of cultures (Dunaliella tertiolecta, Heterosigma akashiwo, and Prorocentrum micans) and microspheres. DIHM concentrations (order 1 to 1000 particles ml−1) showed a linear agreement (r2 = 0.73) with the other instruments, but individual comparisons at times had large uncertainty. Overall, we found the DIHM and the CCV Pipeline required extensive manual correction, but once corrected, provided concentration and size estimates comparable to the other imaging systems assessed in this study. Holographic cameras are mechanically simple, autonomous, can operate at very high pressures, and provide a larger sampling volume than comparable lens‐based tools. Thus, we anticipate that these characterization efforts will be rewarded with novel discovery in new oceanic environments.
PLLA Membrane with Embedded Hydroxyapatite Patterns for Improved Bioactivity and Efficient Delivery of Growth Factor
Authors: Kang In‐Gu , Kim Jinyoung , Park Suhyung , Kim Hyoun‐Ee , Han Cheol‐Min 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPoly(l‐lactic) acid (PLLA) is widely used in guided bone regeneration membranes due to its mechanical properties and biodegradability. However, the lack of biocompatibility is a serious disadvantage. Herein, the biocompatibility of PLLA is improved by patterning hydroxyapatite (HA) loaded with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2) under it. The HA is obtained by preparing a magnesium pattern via photolithography and hydrothermal converting. After loading rhBMP‐2, the pattern is transferred to PLLA. The pattern is tightly embedded in the PLLA and retained its original position after mechanical stimuli. Fluorescence images allow to assess the protein adsorption and gradual release in a controlled manner. The amount of released rhBMP‐2 is overwhelmingly large when loaded under HA because of its large surface area. Osteogenic differentiation supports the synergistic effect of HA and rhBMP‐2 to improve the biocompatibility. Moreover, in vivo experiments demonstrate that the synergistic effect positively affects the healing rate of bone.
Linear Coordination Polymer Synthesis from Bis‐Catechol Functionalized RAFT Polymers
Authors: Lewis Reece W. , Malic Nino , Saito Kei , Cameron Neil R. , Evans Richard A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCatechol‐Fe(III) complexes contain some of the strongest known metal‐chelate coordination bonds. Despite this, they have until now not been utilized in (polymeric linker) linear coordination polymer (LCP) synthesis. With the view of generating catechol end‐functional polymers, a new, symmetrical bis‐catechol functionalized trithiocarbonate reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent is synthesized (CatDMAT). Acrylamide (AM) and dimethylacrylamide (DMA) polymerizations are conducted with CatDMAT using direct photoactivation RAFT polymerization to yield bis‐catechol end‐functionalized homo‐ and block‐copolymers of molecular weight 10–15 kDa. Catechol‐Fe(III) LCPs are successfully formed from the telechelic catechol polymers by bis‐complexation to Fe(III). The tetrahedral bis‐complex is detected by UV–vis spectroscopy (λmax = 570 nm), while increases in relative viscosity and Mn,GPC over their respective uncomplexed polymers confirm the occurrence of supramolecular polymerization. The catechol‐LCPs are shown to undergo oxidation and crosslinking in aqueous solution after 24 h.
Severe reaction to radiotherapy provoked by hypomorphic germline mutations in ATM (ataxia–telangiectasia mutated gene)
Authors: Asadollahi Reza , Britschgi Christian , Joset Pascal , Oneda Beatrice , Schindler Detlev , Meier Urs R. , Rauch Anita 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundA minority of breast cancer (BC) patients suffer from severe reaction to adjuvant radiotherapy (RT). Although deficient DNA double‐strand break repair is considered the main basis for the reactions, pretreatment identification of high‐risk patients has been challenging.MethodsTo retrospectively determine the etiology of severe local reaction to RT in a 39‐year‐old woman with BC, we performed next‐generation sequencing followed by further clinical and functional studies.ResultsWe found a −4 intronic variant (c.2251‐4A>G) in trans with a synonymous (c.3576G>A) variant affecting the ATM DNA‐repair gene (NG_009830.1, NM_000051.3) which is linked to autosomal recessive ataxia–telangiectasia (A–T). We verified abnormal transcripts resulting from both variants, next to a minor wild‐type transcript leading to a residual ATM kinase activity and genomic instability. Follow‐up examination of the patient revealed no classic sign of A–T but previously unnoticed head dystonia and mild dysarthria, a family history of BC and late‐onset ataxia segregating with the variants. Additionally, her serum level of alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) was elevated similar to A–T patients.ConclusionConsidering the variable presentations of A–T and devastating impact of severe reactions to RT, we suggest a routine measurement of AFP in RT‐candidate BC patients followed by next‐generation sequencing with special attention to non‐canonical splice site and synonymous variants in ATM.
Fully automated multiorgan segmentation in abdominal magnetic resonance imaging with deep neural networks
Authors: Chen Yuhua , Ruan Dan , Xiao Jiayu , Wang Lixia , Sun Bin , Saouaf Rola , Yang Wensha , Li Debiao , Fan Zhaoyang 
Published: August 2020

PurposeSegmentation of multiple organs‐at‐risk (OARs) is essential for magnetic resonance (MR)‐only radiation therapy treatment planning and MR‐guided adaptive radiotherapy of abdominal cancers. Current practice requires manual delineation that is labor‐intensive, time‐consuming, and prone to intra‐ and interobserver variations. We developed a deep learning (DL) technique for fully automated segmentation of multiple OARs on clinical abdominal MR images with high accuracy, reliability, and efficiency.MethodsWe developed Automated deep Learning‐based abdominal multiorgan segmentation (ALAMO) technique based on two‐dimensional U‐net and a densely connected network structure with tailored design in data augmentation and training procedures such as deep connection, auxiliary supervision, and multiview. The model takes in multislice MR images and generates the output of segmentation results. 3.0‐Tesla T1 VIBE (Volumetric Interpolated Breath‐hold Examination) images of 102 subjects were used in our study and split into 66 for training, 16 for validation, and 20 for testing. Ten OARs were studied, including the liver, spleen, pancreas, left/right kidneys, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, spinal cord, and vertebral bodies. An experienced radiologist manually labeled each OAR, followed by reediting, if necessary, by a senior radiologist, to create the ground‐truth. The performance was measured using volume overlapping and surface distance.ResultsThe ALAMO technique generated segmentation labels in good agreement with the manual results. Specifically, among the ten OARs, nine achieved high dice similarity coefficients (DSCs) in the range of 0.87–0.96, except for the duodenum with a DSC of 0.80. The inference completed within 1 min for a three‐dimensional volume of 320 × 288 × 180. Overall, the ALAMO model matched the state‐of‐the‐art techniques in performance.ConclusionThe proposed ALAMO technique allows for fully automated abdominal MR segmentation with high accuracy and practical memory and computation time demands.
Performance improvement of alumina/silicone rubber composites by adding 3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate grafted siloxane copolymer
Authors: Song Jianan , Zhang Yong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract3‐(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate grafted poly(methylhydrosiloxane‐co‐dimethylsiloxane) (MPS‐g‐PHMS‐PDMS) was synthesized by hydrosilylation reaction. MPS‐g‐PHMS‐PDMS was used as a modifier and directly added into silicone rubber compounds. The effect of MPS‐g‐PHMS‐PDMS on the properties of alumina/silicone rubber composites was studied. The addition of MPS‐g‐PHMS‐PDMS increased the bound rubber content of alumina/silicone rubber compounds and the crosslink density of alumina/silicone rubber composites, indicating the enhancement of filler‐rubber interaction. SEM images indicated that MPS‐g‐PHMS‐PDMS could promote the uniform dispersion of alumina in the composites and decrease the filler‐rubber interface defects. The alumina/MPS‐g‐PHMS‐PDMS/silicone rubber (500/10/90) composite had the thermal conductivity of 1.68 W/(m∙K) and the tensile strength of 3.17 MPa, exhibiting 18.3% and 84.3% enhancement compared with the alumina/silicone rubber (500/100) composite. This work provides an insight for enhancing thermal conductivity and tensile strength of silicone rubber composites at a high filler content.
Modification of hydrophilic polymer network to design a carrier for a poorly water‐soluble substance
Authors: Markovic Maja D. , Panic Vesna V. , Seslija Sanja I. , Spasojevic Pavle M. , Ugrinovic Vukasin Dj. , Boskovic‐Vragolovic Nevenka M. , Pjanovic Rada V. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractpH sensitive, nontoxic, and biocompatible poly(methacrylic) acid (PMAA) based soft networks have been extensively used in the design of systems for targeted drug delivery. Still, their highly hydrophilic nature limits their potential to be used as a carrier of poorly water‐soluble substances. With the aim to overcome this limitation, the present study details a new approach for modification of PMAA based carriers using two amphiphilic components: casein and liposomes. The FTIR analysis revealed structural features of each component as well as the synergetic effect that originated from the formation of specific interactions. Namely, hydrophobic interactions between the poorly water‐soluble model drug (caffeine) and casein enabled caffeine encapsulation and controlled release, while addition of liposomes ensured better control of the release rate. The morphological properties of the carriers, swelling behavior, and release kinetics of caffeine were investigated depending on the variable synthesis parameters (neutralization degree of methacrylic acid, concentration of caffeine, presence/absence of liposomes) in two different media simulating the pH environment of human intestines and stomach. The data obtained from in vitro caffeine release were correlated and analyzed in detail using several mathematical models, indicating significant potential of investigated carriers for targeted delivery and controlled release of poorly water‐soluble substances.
Distress and problem assessment among people living with cancer from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds
Authors: Skaczkowski Gemma , Pejoski Natalie , Kaur Jasmeen , White Victoria , Livingston Patricia M , Wilson Carlene 
Published: August 2020

SummaryObjectiveTo examine whether routine assessment of distress, recommended as part of comprehensive cancer care, is utilised equally with culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) vs non‐CALD people living with cancer.MethodsA medical records review of all patients attending cancer‐specific treatment units at a single tertiary hospital in Melbourne, Australia between 2015‐2018. Recording of administration of the Distress Thermometer and Problem Checklist (DT and PC) was extracted for all patients. Details regarding how the DT and PC (used together) was administered were extracted for a random sub‐sample of 294 CALD patients and 294 matched non‐CALD patients.ResultsA total of 6977 patients were identified (12.0% CALD). Just over half of the CALD (54.7%) and non‐CALD (58.2%) patients had a recorded DT and PC (P > 0.05). For the sub‐sample analysis, CALD patients were less likely to complete the form themselves (14.8% vs 75.9% non‐CALD) and were more likely to have a family member complete the form (55.1% vs 15.1% non‐CALD). CALD patients reported a similar level of distress to non‐CALD patients. Distress scores for CALD and non‐CALD patients were higher when family members completed the form. Provision of discussion, written information, referral offers and rates of referral acceptance were similar between CALD and non‐CALD patients.ConclusionsAssessment of distress and associated problems, and the process following assessment, were similar for CALD and non‐CALD patients. However, differences in how the form was completed highlight the need for further improvements to ensure that CALD patients are actively involved in their care.
Domain interactions determine the conformational ensemble of the periplasmic chaperone SurA
Authors: Marx Dagan C. , Leblanc Mathis J. , Plummer Ashlee M. , Krueger Susan , Fleming Karen G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSurA is thought to be the most important periplasmic chaperone for outer membrane protein (OMP) biogenesis. Its structure is composed of a core region and two peptidylprolyl isomerase domains, termed P1 and P2, connected by flexible linkers. As such these three independent folding units are able to adopt a number of distinct spatial positions with respect to each other. The conformational dynamics of these domains are thought to be functionally important yet are largely unresolved. Here we address this question of the conformational ensemble using sedimentation equilibrium, small‐angle neutron scattering, and folding titrations. This combination of orthogonal methods converges on a SurA population that is monomeric at physiological concentrations. The conformation that dominates this population has the P1 and core domains docked to one another, for example, “P1‐closed” and the P2 domain extended in solution. We discovered that the distribution of domain orientations is defined by modest and favorable interactions between the core domain and either the P1 or the P2 domains. These two peptidylprolyl domains compete with each other for core‐binding but are thermodynamically uncoupled. This arrangement implies two novel insights. Firstly, an open conformation must exist to facilitate P1 and P2 exchange on the core, indicating that the open client‐binding conformation is populated at low levels even in the absence of client unfolded OMPs. Secondly, competition between P1 and P2 binding paradoxically occludes the client binding site on the core, which may serve to preserve the reservoir of binding‐competent apo‐SurA in the periplasm.