bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fractionated volatile solids for understanding thermophilic pretreatment of waste activated sludge at 55, 65, and 75°C
Authors: Hirmiz Yousif , Kim Younggy 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAutohydrolysis or enzyme hydrolysis pretreatment under thermophilic conditions significantly accelerates organic solubilization of waste activated sludge (WAS), allowing enhanced methanogenesis in subsequent mesophilic anaerobic digestion. Solubilization mechanisms can hardly be explained and clarified using only conventional analytical measurements, such as soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) and volatile suspended solids (VSS). Here, we proposed a new but readily available analytical method where volatile solids (VS) are fractionized into high volatile solids (VS205), moderate volatile solids (VS350), and low volatile solids (VS505). In a laboratory‐scale experiment, anaerobic digesters were operated at 55, 65, and 75°C with thickened WAS. The high volatile solids (VS205) sensitively reflected the temperature effect while the low volatility solids (VS505) showed relatively insensitive results to the examined temperature conditions. This finding indicates that hydrolysis of high volatile solids (VS205) was accelerated more effectively with the increased temperature. Also, based on the experimental results with the fractionized volatile solids, we recommend that autohydrolysis pretreatment should be operated at 75°C for 5 hr to achieve both rapid hydrolysis and reduced energy consumption.Practitioner points

The volatile solids (VS) were divided into high volatile, moderate volatile, and low volatile fractions.

The fractionated VS showed how organic solids were hydrolyzed in thermophilic pretreatment of thickened waste activated sludge.

At the higher temperature (75°C), the high volatile fraction increased substantially compared to 55 or 65°C.

The fractionated VS responded more sensitively to the thermophilic temperatures compared to common analysis parameters (COD, VSS).

We recommend thermophilic pretreatment at 75°C for 5 hr for thickened waste activated sludge.
On taking the D → 4 limit of Gauss-Bonnet gravity: theory and solutions
Authors: Hennigar Robie A. , Kubizňák David , Mann Robert B. , Pollack Christopher 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We comment on the recently introduced Gauss-Bonnet gravity in four dimensions. We argue that it does not make sense to consider this theory to be defined by a set of D → 4 solutions of the higher-dimensional Gauss-Bonnet gravity. We show that a well-defined D → 4 limit of Gauss-Bonnet Gravity is obtained generalizing a method employed by Mann and Ross to obtain a limit of the Einstein gravity in D = 2 dimensions. This is a scalar-tensor theory of the Horndeski type obtained by dimensional reduction methods. By considering simple spacetimes beyond spherical symmetry (Taub-NUT spaces) we show that the naive limit of the higher-dimensional theory to D = 4 is not well defined and contrast the resultant metrics with the actual solutions of the new theory.
Superconformal block from holographic geometry
Authors: Chen Heng-Yu , Sakamoto Jun-ichi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We explicitly construct the holographic dual configuration for the four dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 superconformal block containing half-BPS scalar primary operators by considering its full AdS5× S5 dual geometry. We extend the embedding space formalism and the related Harmonic analysis to general d-dimensional sphere Sd, and obtain precisely the R-symmetry contribution to the half-BPS scalar superconformal blocks, which we refer as “R-symmetry block”. We also observe that the R-symmetry quadratic Casimir operator can be mapped to BC2 Calogero-Sutherland system Hamiltonian, such that R-symmetry block is in terms identified as its bound state wave function.
The second Higgs at the lifetime frontier
Authors: Alipour-Fard Samuel , Craig Nathaniel , Gori Stefania , Koren Seth , Redigolo Diego 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We assess the current coverage and the future discovery potential of LHC searches for heavy Higgs bosons decaying into long-lived particles (LLPs), focusing primarily on the production of pairs of LLPs with hadronic final states. These signatures are generic in dark sectors where a heavy scalar decays into pairs of lighter states which subsequently mix with the Standard Model Higgs. We show that a handful of existing analyses provide broad coverage of LLP decay lengths ranging from millimeters to tens of meters, and explore the complementarity between searches for displaced and prompt final states in several simplified models. For both heavy singlet and heavy doublet scalars, LLP searches typically provide the leading sensitivity in current data and exhibit the strongest discovery potential in future LHC runs. We further translate the impact of these searches into the parameter space of various Twin Higgs models, demonstrating that LLP searches are a promising avenue for discovering a Twin Higgs with displaced decays. Finally, we propose a variety of additional search channels that would improve coverage of the second Higgs at the lifetime frontier.
The de Rham functor for logarithmic D-modules
Authors: Koppensteiner Clemens 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the first part we deepen the six-functor theory of (holonomic) logarithmic D-modules, in particular with respect to duality and pushforward along projective morphisms. Then, inspired by work of Ogus, we define a logarithmic analogue of the de Rham functor, sending logarithmic D-modules to certain graded sheaves on the so-called Kato–Nakayama space. For holonomic modules we show that the associated sheaves have finitely generated stalks and that the de Rham functor intertwines duality for D-modules with a version of Poincaré–Verdier duality on the Kato–Nakayama space. Finally, we explain how the grading on the Kato–Nakayama space is related to the classical Kashiwara–Malgrange V-filtration for holonomic D-modules.
Wie Stadtarchitektur die Gesundheit beeinflusst: das PAKARA-Modell
Authors: Vollmer Tanja C. , Koppen Gemma , Kohler Katharina 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Mensch steht in ständiger Wechselwirkung mit seiner Umwelt. Führt diese Interaktion zur individuellen Verinnerlichung der Umwelt, die in der Psychologie als „Aneignung“ bezeichnet wird, wirkt sie sich positiv auf seine Gesundheit und sein Wohlbefinden aus. Zur Förderung der Aneignung muss Stadtarchitektur auf menschliche Bedürfnisse reagieren. Das PAKARA-Modell, das im Jahr 2019 an der Technischen Universität München entwickelt wurde, verdeutlicht die dynamische Interaktion dieser Bedürfnisse mit der Stadtarchitektur und unterscheidet dabei die 3 Sektoren präventiver, kurativer und rehabilitativer Architektur.Im Artikel werden neben dem Modell 3 zentrale Bedürfnisse in ihrer gesundheitsförderlichen Sättigung beziehungsweise gesundheitsschädlichen Über- und Untersättigung durch die Stadtarchitektur exemplarisch erläutert: Stimulation, Identifikation und Privatheit. Schlussfolgernd zeigt sich, dass die zukünftige Herausforderung darin besteht, vor dem Hintergrund des drastischen Anstiegs der weltweiten Stadtbevölkerung und der damit verbundenen Komplexität bedürfnisorientierter Gestaltung den Weg enger interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit auszubauen. Die Bedürfnisse des Einzelnen sind – auch wenn sie einander widersprechen und sich im Laufe des Lebens wandeln – der Motor der Gesundheit einer ganzen Gemeinschaft. Stadtarchitektur hat das Potenzial, diesen Motor in Gang zu halten oder zu zerstören.
Histopathologische Befunde bei therapierter und nichttherapierter SARS-CoV-2-Infektion – Bericht über 3 Autopsien
Authors: Dettmeyer R. , Lasczkowski G. , Weber A. , Wolter T. , Kernbach-Wighton G. 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungBei letalem Verlauf einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion kommt nach bisherigem Kenntnisstand eine Beteiligung mehrerer innerer Organe in Betracht. Im Vordergrund stehen pathologische Befunde im Lungengewebe, berichtet wird aber auch von direkt oder indirekt als Folge einer Infektion mit SARS-CoV‑2 auftretenden (histo-)pathologischen Befunden im Nierengewebe, in der Leber und im Myokard. Der Vergleich der histopathologischen Diagnostik mit konventionell-histologischen Färbungen bei 3 im Zusammenhang mit einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion verstorbenen Männern zeigt teils identische Befunde und erlaubt Überlegungen zu Chronologie und Pathophysiologie des Krankheitsverlaufes. Zwei Männer wurden intensivmedizinisch invasiv beatmet; ein Mann starb nach 8 Tagen häuslicher Quarantäne ohne Therapie. Es zeigt sich ein großes Spektrum SARS-CoV-2-assoziierter Befunde.
Photochemical activation of carbon dioxide in Mg+(CO2)(H2O)0,1
Authors: Pascher Tobias F. , Barwa Erik , van der Linde Christian , Beyer Martin K. , Ončák Milan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe combine multi-reference ab initio calculations with UV–VIS action spectroscopy to study photochemical activation of CO2 on a singly charged magnesium ion, [MgCO2(H2O)0,1]+, as a model system for the metal/ligand interactions relevant in CO2 photochemistry. For the non-hydrated species, two separated Mg+ 3s–3p bands are observed within 5.0 eV. The low-energy band splits upon hydration with one water molecule. [Mg(CO2)]+ decomposes highly state-selectively, predominantly via multiphoton processes. Within the low-energy band, CO2 is exclusively lost within the excited state manifold. For the high-energy band, an additional pathway becomes accessible: the CO2 ligand is activated via a charge transfer, with photochemistry taking place on the CO2– moiety eventually leading to a loss of CO after absorption of a second photon. Upon hydration, already excitation into the first and second excited state leads to CO2 activation in the excited state minimum; however, CO2 predominantly evaporates upon fluorescence or absorption of another photon.
Conjectures and results about parabolic induction of representations of $${\text {GL}}_n(F)$$
Authors: Lapid Erez , Mínguez Alberto 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn 1980 Zelevinsky introduced certain commuting varieties whose irreducible components classify complex, irreducible representations of the general linear group over a non-archimedean local field with a given supercuspidal support. We formulate geometric conditions for certain triples of such components and conjecture that these conditions are related to irreducibility of parabolic induction. The conditions are in the spirit of the Geiss–Leclerc–Schröer condition that occurs in the conjectural characterization of $$\square $$
□
-irreducible representations. We verify some special cases of the new conjecture and check that the geometric and representation-theoretic conditions are compatible in various ways.
Romidepsin (FK228) regulates the expression of the immune checkpoint ligand PD-L1 and suppresses cellular immune functions in colon cancer
Authors: Shi Yehui , Fu Ying , Zhang Xin , Zhao Gang , Yao Yuan , Guo Yan , Ma Gang , Bai Shuai , Li Hui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRomidepsin (FK228), a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), has anti-tumor effects against several types of solid tumors. Studies have suggested that HDACi could upregulate PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and change the state of anti-tumor immune responses in vivo. However, the influence of enhanced PD-L1 expression in tumor cells induced by romidepsin on anti-tumor immune responses is still under debate. So, the purpose of this study was to explore the anti-tumor effects and influence on immune responses of romidepsin in colon cancer. The results indicated that romidepsin inhibited proliferation, induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and increased apoptosis in CT26 and MC38 cells. Romidepsin treatment increased PD-L1 expression in vivo and in vitro via increasing the acetylation levels of histones H3 and H4 and regulating the transcription factor BRD4. In subcutaneous transplant tumor mice and colitis-associated cancer (CAC) mice, romidepsin increased the percentage of FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), decreased the ratio of Th1/Th2 cells and the percentage of IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood and the tumor microenvironment. Upon combination with an anti-PD-1 antibody, the anti-tumor effects of romidepsin were enhanced and the influence on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was partially reversed. Therefore, the combination of romidepsin and anti-PD-1 immunotherapy provides a more potential treatment for colon cancer.
META Score: An International Consensus Scoring System on Mesh‐Tissue Adhesions
Authors: van den Hil L. C. L. , Mommers E. H. H. , Bosmans J. W. A. M. , Morales‐Conde S. , Gómez‐Gil V. , LeBlanc K. , Vanlander A. , Reynvoet E. , Berrevoet F. , Gruber‐Blum S. , Altinli E. , Deeken C. R. , Fortelny R. H. , Greve J. W. , Chiers K. , Kaufmann R. , Lange J. F. , Klinge U. , Miserez M. , Petter‐Puchner A. H. , Schreinemacher M. H. F. , Bouvy N. D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, the lack of consensus on postoperative mesh‐tissue adhesion scoring leads to incomparable scientific results. The aim of this study was to develop an adhesion score recognized by experts in the field of hernia surgery.MethodsAuthors of three or more previously published articles on both mesh‐tissue adhesion scores and postoperative adhesions were marked as experts. They were queried on seven items using a modified Delphi method. The items concerned the utility of adhesion scoring models, the appropriateness of macroscopic and microscopic variables, the range and use of composite scores or subscores, adhesion‐related complications and follow‐up length. This study comprised two questionnaire‐based rounds and one consensus meeting.ResultsThe first round was completed by 23 experts (82%), the second round by 18 experts (64%). Of those 18 experts, ten were able to participate in the final consensus meeting and all approved the final proposal. From a total of 158 items, consensus was reached on 90 items. The amount of mesh surface covered with adhesions, tenacity and thickness of adhesions and organ involvement was concluded to be a minimal set of variables to be communicated separately in each future study on mesh adhesions.ConclusionThe MEsh Tissue Adhesion scoring system is the first consensus‐based scoring system with a wide backing of renowned experts and can be used to assess mesh‐related adhesions. By including this minimal set of variables in future research interstudy comparability and objectivity can be increased and eventually linked to clinically relevant outcomes.
Center for Code Excellence Trends – Eine Plattform für Trends in Softwaretechnologien
Authors: Kroß Johannes , Bludau Peter , Pretschner Alexander 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungNeue Softwaretechnologien entstehen täglich. Da deren Vielfalt wächst und deren Lebensdauer aber abnimmt, müssen Unternehmen und Fachleute Trends erkennen und Technologien bewerten können, um fundierte Designentscheidungen für nachhaltige Softwaresysteme zu treffen. Die Wahrnehmung neuer Trends außerhalb der eigenen Fachkompetenz kann jedoch schwierig sein und die Entscheidung für bestimmte Technologien kann durch persönliche Vorurteile beeinflusst werden. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir unsere Plattform vor, um Trends und Beziehungen von Softwaretechnologien zu visualisieren. Basierend auf öffentlichen Stellenanzeigen, Open-Source-Projekten und Online-Diskussionen erkennen wir (i) automatisch neue Technologien, Kompetenzen und Techniken, (ii) lernen Beziehungen zwischen ihnen und (iii) bewerten ihre Trendentwicklung. Wir demonstrieren die Ergebnisse unseres Ansatzes, indem wir exemplarische Vergleiche und Zusammenhänge aufzeigen. Unsere Plattform soll Organisationen und Einzelpersonen eine unabhängige Bewertung und Informationsquelle zur Entscheidungsunterstützung bieten.
Impact of volcanic aerosol hemispheric symmetry on Sahel rainfall
Authors: Jacobson Tess W. P. , Yang Wenchang , Vecchi Gabriel A. , Horowitz Larry W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe semi-arid African Sahel region is highly sensitive to changes in monsoon precipitation, as much of the region’s workforce is employed in the agricultural industry (Hamro-Drotz and Programme 2011). Thus, studying the response of rainfall and aridity in this region to radiative perturbations is a matter of pressing humanitarian relevance. In addition, there is evidence to suggest that spatially asymmetric volcanic aerosols produce different hydroclimatic responses based on their hemispheric symmetry, both globally and in the Sahel. We use two different climate models, GFDL’s FLOR model (Vecchi et al. in J Clim 27(21):7994–8016, 2014) and NCAR’s CESM 1.1 model (Otto-Bliesner et al. in Bull Am Meteorol Soc 97(5):735–754, 2016), to characterize the response of rainfall in the Sahel to large volcanic eruptions based on the meridional symmetry of the volcanic eruptions. We find that in both the FLOR experiments simulating three large twentieth century eruptions and in the CESM Last Millennium Ensemble simulations of 46 historic volcanic eruptions, asymmetric Northern Hemisphere cooling causes a subsequent drying response in the Sahel, and Southern Hemisphere cooling causes a wetting, or “greening” response. Symmetric volcanic eruptions have a relatively small effect on rainfall in the Sahel. We also find that the FLOR results show a consistent response in the annual rainfall cycle in the Sahel for all three of the eruptions analyzed, with a reduction in rainfall in early summer followed by an increased rainfall in late summer. The annual cycle response of rainfall in the Sahel from the CESM experiments is different, in that the SH eruptions cause a rainfall maximum in August, NH eruptions cause a rainfall minimum in September, and symmetric eruptions show a slight increase in August and a decrease in October. Our results highlight the need for accurate meridional structures in historic volcanic forcing data used for climate models as well as the need for further study on regional effects of hemispherically asymmetric radiative forcing, especially as they might pertain to aerosol geoengineering.
Hydration for health hypothesis: a narrative review of supporting evidence
Authors: Perrier Erica T. , Armstrong Lawrence E. , Bottin Jeanne H. , Clark William F. , Dolci Alberto , Guelinckx Isabelle , Iroz Alison , Kavouras Stavros A. , Lang Florian , Lieberman Harris R. , Melander Olle , Morin Clementine , Seksek Isabelle , Stookey Jodi D. , Tack Ivan , Vanhaecke Tiphaine , Vecchio Mariacristina , Péronnet François 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
An increasing body of evidence suggests that excreting a generous volume of diluted urine is associated with short- and long-term beneficial health effects, especially for kidney and metabolic function. However, water intake and hydration remain under-investigated and optimal hydration is poorly and inconsistently defined. This review tests the hypothesis that optimal chronic water intake positively impacts various aspects of health and proposes an evidence-based definition of optimal hydration.

Methods
Search strategy included PubMed and Google Scholar using relevant keywords for each health outcome, complemented by manual search of article reference lists and the expertise of relevant practitioners for each area studied.

Results
The available literature suggest the effects of increased water intake on health may be direct, due to increased urine flow or urine dilution, or indirect, mediated by a reduction in osmotically -stimulated vasopressin (AVP). Urine flow affects the formation of kidney stones and recurrence of urinary tract infection, while increased circulating AVP is implicated in metabolic disease, chronic kidney disease, and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

Conclusion
In order to ensure optimal hydration, it is proposed that optimal total water intake should approach 2.5 to 3.5 L day−1 to allow for the daily excretion of 2 to 3 L of dilute (< 500 mOsm kg−1) urine. Simple urinary markers of hydration such as urine color or void frequency may be used to monitor and adjust intake.
Correction to: Prebiotic effect of inulin‑type fructans on faecal microbiota and short‑chain fatty acids in type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Birkeland Eline , Gharagozlian Sedegheh , Birkeland Kåre I. , Valeur Jørgen , Måge Ingrid , Rud Ida , Aas Anne-Marie 
Published: July 2020

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The presentation of Fig. 4 was incorrect.
The Power of Linear-Time Data Reduction for Maximum Matching
Authors: Mertzios George B. , Nichterlein André , Niedermeier Rolf 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFinding maximum-cardinality matchings in undirected graphs is arguably one of the most central graph primitives. For m-edge and n-vertex graphs, it is well-known to be solvable in $$O(m\sqrt{n})$$

O
(
m

n

)

time; however, for several applications this running time is still too slow. We investigate how linear-time (and almost linear-time) data reduction (used as preprocessing) can alleviate the situation. More specifically, we focus on linear-time kernelization. We start a deeper and systematic study both for general graphs and for bipartite graphs. Our data reduction algorithms easily comply (in form of preprocessing) with every solution strategy (exact, approximate, heuristic), thus making them attractive in various settings.
Machine learning for total cloud cover prediction
Authors: Baran Ágnes , Lerch Sebastian , El Ayari Mehrez , Baran Sándor 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAccurate and reliable forecasting of total cloud cover (TCC) is vital for many areas such as astronomy, energy demand and production, or agriculture. Most meteorological centres issue ensemble forecasts of TCC; however, these forecasts are often uncalibrated and exhibit worse forecast skill than ensemble forecasts of other weather variables. Hence, some form of post-processing is strongly required to improve predictive performance. As TCC observations are usually reported on a discrete scale taking just nine different values called oktas, statistical calibration of TCC ensemble forecasts can be considered a classification problem with outputs given by the probabilities of the oktas. This is a classical area where machine learning methods are applied. We investigate the performance of post-processing using multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural networks, gradient boosting machines (GBM) and random forest (RF) methods. Based on the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts global TCC ensemble forecasts for 2002–2014, we compare these approaches with the proportional odds logistic regression (POLR) and multiclass logistic regression (MLR) models, as well as the raw TCC ensemble forecasts. We further assess whether improvements in forecast skill can be obtained by incorporating ensemble forecasts of precipitation as additional predictor. Compared to the raw ensemble, all calibration methods result in a significant improvement in forecast skill. RF models provide the smallest increase in predictive performance, while MLP, POLR and GBM approaches perform best. The use of precipitation forecast data leads to further improvements in forecast skill, and except for very short lead times the extended MLP model shows the best overall performance.