bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demography, clinical profile and compliance of patients of vernal keratoconjunctivitis in a tertiary eye care centre in Southern Karnataka
Authors: Addagadde Venkataramana Pradeep , Siddegowda Srinivas , Amalagondhi Manjunath Shruthi 
Published: March 2020

To describe demographic and clinical profile of patients with vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and to assess the compliance of treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis over a period of 1 year from May 2017 to April 2018.Among 100 patients, VKC was more common among male (67.00%) than female (33.00%) patients with maximum cases seen between 6-10 years of age. Majority of cases reported in summer in the month of March to May (Total: 49.00%). Mixed form was commonest among all 66(66.00%) cases followed by limbal 18(18.00%) and palpebral form 16 (16.00%). Commonest symptom was redness (100%) followed by itching (98%) cases. Palpebral papillae were commonest sign. Mild grade of VKC is commonest. Family history of allergy was noted in 7% of cases.VKC is a bilateral recurrent disorder affects most commonly young males between ages of 6 to 10 years in which both IgE and cell mediated immunity play important roles. Association of family history of allergic disorders was less.VKC is more common in rural area.VKC is one of the leading causes of outpatient ophthalmic morbidity.VKC patients presents usually in a stage of mild to moderate grade. For persistent severe disease needs frequent follow-up.
Peningkatan Sense of Humor untuk Menurunkan Kecemasan pada Lansia
Authors: Arifiati Retna Febri , Wahyuni Endang Sri 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Sense of humor is an activity that uses the stimulus to stimulate happy, happyexpressions in the elderly. This study aims to determine the increase in sense ofhumor to reduce anxiety. The study was conducted in the elderly at the Posonandu Bolon Colomadu Karanganyar. The design of this study uses cross-sectional analytics. The sampling technique uses total sampling. The data collection tool in the form of an anxiety questionnaire using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) consists of 14 items. The data analysis technique used is the Pearson Product Moment correlation technique. The results of the research are that sense of humor has a role to lower elderly anxiety levels. Therefore, for an easy-to-worry elderly can begin to develop a sense of humor as one way of overcoming anxiety in the face of a mood that tends to suppress.AbstrakSense of humor adalah kegiatan yang menggunakan rangsangan untuk ekspresisenang, gembira pada lansia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahuipeningkatan rasa humor untuk mengurangi kecemasan. Penelitian inidilakukan pada Lansia di Posyandu Bolon Colomadu Karanganyar. Desainpenelitian ini menggunakan analitik cross sectional. Teknik sampelmenggunakan total sampling. Alat pengumpulan data dalam bentuk kuesionerkecemasan menggunakan Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) terdiri dari 14item. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik korelasi momenproduk Pearson. Hasil penelitian adalah bahwa rasa humor memiliki peranuntuk menurunkan tingkat kecemasan Lansia. Oleh karena itu, untuk yangmudah-untuk-khawatir tua dapat mulai mengembangkan rasa humor sebagaisalah satu cara untuk mengatasi kecemasan dalam menghadapi suasana hatiyang cenderung menekan.
A Novel Analytical Fracture-Permeability Model Dependent on Both Fracture Width and Proppant-Pack Properties
Authors: Teng Bailu , Li Huazhou , Yu Haisheng 
Published: March 2020

SummaryFor an empty fracture, the fracture permeability (kf) is mainly influenced by the effect of viscous shear from fracture walls and can be analytically estimated if the fracture width (wf) is known a priori (i.e., kf=β2wf2/12, where β2 is the unit-conversion factor). For an adequately propped fracture, the fracture permeability is mainly influenced by the proppant-pack properties and can be approximated with the proppant-pack permeability (kf=kp, where kp is proppant-pack permeability). It can be readily inferred that as the effect of viscous shear fades (or the proppant-pack effect becomes pronounced), there should be a regime within which both the viscous shear and the proppant-pack properties exert significant influences on the fracture permeability. However, the functional relationship between fracture permeability, viscous shear (or fracture width), and proppant-pack properties is still elusive. In this work, we propose a new fracture-permeability model to account for the influences of the proppant-pack permeability, proppant-pack porosity (ϕp), and fracture width on the fracture permeability. This new fracture-permeability model is derived from a modified Brinkman equation. The results calculated with the fracture-permeability model show that with different values of the Darcy parameter, the fluid flow can be divided into viscous-shear-dominated (VSD) regime, transition regime, and Darcy-flow-dominated (DFD) regime. If the Darcy parameter is sufficiently large, the effect of proppant-pack permeability on fracture permeability can be neglected and the fracture permeability can be calculated with the VSD fracture-permeability (FP) (VSD-FP) equation (i.e., kf=β2ϕpwf2/12). If the Darcy parameter is sufficiently small, the effect of viscous shear on fracture permeability can be neglected and the fracture permeability can be calculated with the DFD-FP equation (i.e., kf=kp). Both the VSD-FP and DFD-FP equations are special forms of the proposed fracture-permeability model. For the existing empirical/analytical fracture-conductivity models that neglect the effect of viscous shear, one can multiply these models by the coefficient of viscous shear to make these models capable of estimating the fracture conductivity with large values of Darcy parameter.
Cost Objects: The ED Dilemma. How is your ED performing?
Authors: Fuentes Verónica , Neriz Liliana , Nunez Alicia , Mateo Ricardo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study is to a propose a standardized methodology to identify a list of cost objects that can be used by any ED to compute costs considering that the resulting data must facilitate unit management by improving the information available for decision-making.
Methods: This study considers two stages, first, we analyzed the case-mix of two hospitals collecting their data to define and diagram their processes, activities and to obtain their cost objects, second, we used four additional hospitals to validate our initial findings.
Results: We recognized 59 cost objects. Hospitals may have all these cost objects or just a subset of them depending on the services they provide.
Conclusions: Among the main benefits of our cost objects definition are: the possibility of tracing the processes generated by the services delivered by EDs, the economic sense in its grouping, the chance of using any costing methodology, the flexibility with other classification systems such as DRGs and ICDs, and the opportunity of costing for both diseases and treatments. Furthermore, cost comparison among hospitals using our final 59 cost objects list is more accurate and based on comparable units. In different EDs, each cost object will be the result of a similar combination of activities performed. We also present the results of applying this cost objects list to a particular ED. A total of 53 out of 59 cost objects were identified for that particular unit within a calendar year.
The Association between Sleep Quality and Loneliness in Rural Elderly Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study in Shandong Province, China
Authors: Jia Gaizhen , Yuan Ping 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background: There is evidence of negative associations between loneliness and sleep quality in older adults. However, little is known regarding the relationship between loneliness and sleep quality among Chinese rural elderly. This study examined the associations of loneliness and sleep quality in a cross-sectional study of older adults. Methods: A face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted among 1,568 rural elderly people in Shandong Province, China. Loneliness was assessed using the University of California at Los Angeles Loneliness Scale. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Ordinal logistic regression was conducted to examine the association of loneliness and sleep quality after adjusting for multiple confounding variables. Results: After controlling for variables such as age, marriage, education, occupation, economic income, family relationships, living arrangement, smoking, drinking, chronic diseases, quality of life in a multivariable analysis, poor sleep quality still indicates loneliness in the rural elderly population. Conclusion: This finding implied an adverse effect of sleep quality on the loneliness of older adults. Poor sleep quality was associated with the increased odds of loneliness in Chinese rural older adults. Sleep-based interventions should be developed to prevent loneliness in rural older adults in China.
Illness prevalence rate in Tibet, China: data from the 2018 National Health Service Survey
Authors: Deng Rendan , sangzhu Laba , deji Zhaxi , Wang Guihua , Hong Peiwei , Li Jiaqi , Li Qiwen , Wan Yang , Xiong Hai 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background:Tibet is located in the high-altitude area of southwest China, where the health level is influenced by specific factors. However, there has been little research on Tibetan health conditions. The two-week prevalence rate is an important indicator of the health level of residents. The purpose of this study was to understand the the health status of residents and health service needs in Tibet.Methods: The two-week prevalence rate was calculated using data from a population of 10493 individuals aged 15 and above that was obtained from the Sixth Health Service Survey of Tibet in 2018. The influencing factors for the two-week prevalence rate in Tibet were determined by multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results: The two-week illness prevalence rate was 20.1% in Tibet. Digestive system diseases were frequent, and hypertension was the most common disease and it was associated with gender, age, residence, marital status, and employment status. In addition, the severity of two-week illnesses differed among residents.Conclusion: This study identified that health service needs have increased in Tibet and that the health status of local residents needs to be improved. Moreover, hypertension has become a major health hazard for residents and should be considered in the utilization of health services.
Shedding light: A phylotranscriptomic perspective illuminates the origin of photosymbiosis in marine bivalves
Authors: Li Jingchun , Lemer Sarah , Kirkendale Lisa , Bieler Rüdiger , Cavanaugh Colleen , Giribet Gonzalo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Photosymbiotic associations between metazoan hosts and photosynthetic dinoflagellates are crucial to the trophic and structural integrity of many marine ecosystems, including coral reefs. Although extensive efforts have been devoted to study the short-term ecological interactions between coral hosts and their symbionts, long-term evolutionary dynamics of photosymbiosis in many marine animals are not well understood. Within Bivalvia, the second largest class of mollusks, obligate photosymbiosis is found in two marine lineages: the giant clams (subfamily Tridacninae) and the heart cockles (subfamily Fraginae), both in the family Cardiidae. Morphologically, giant clams show relatively conservative shell forms whereas photosymbiotic fragines exhibit a diverse suite of anatomical adaptations including flattened shells, leafy mantle extensions, and lens-like microstructural structures. To date, the phylogenetic relationships between these two subfamilies remain poorly resolved, and it is unclear whether photosymbiosis in cardiids originated once or twice. Results In this study, we establish a backbone phylogeny for Cardiidae utilizing RNASeq-based transcriptomic data from Tridacninae, Fraginae, and other cardiids. A variety of phylogenomic approaches were used to infer the relationship between the two groups. Our analyses found conflicting gene signals and potential rapid divergence among the lineages. Overall, results support a sister group relationship between Tridacninae and Fraginae, which diverged during the Cretaceous. Although a sister group relationship is recovered, ancestral state reconstruction using maximum likelihood-based methods reveals two independent origins of photosymbiosis, one at the base of Tridacninae and the other within a symbiotic Fraginae clade. Conclusions The newly revealed common ancestry between Tridacninae and Fraginae brings a possibility that certain genetic, metabolic, and/or anatomical exadaptation existed in their last common ancestor, which promoted both lineages to independently establish photosymbiosis, possibly in response to the modern expansion of reef habitats.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-(4-methylsulfonyl phenyl)indole derivatives: Multi-target compounds with dual antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities
Authors: Shaker Ahmed M. M. , Abdelall Eman K. A. , Abdellatif Khaled R. A. , Abdel-Rahman Hamdy M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Three series of 2-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl) indole derivatives have been designed and synthesized. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial, COX inhibitory and anti-inflammatory activities. Compound 7g was identified to be the most potent antibacterial candidate against strains of MRSA , E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and A. baumannii , respectively with safe therapeutic dose. Compounds 7a-k, 8a-c and 9a-c showed good anti-inflammatory activity with high selectivity toward COX-2 in comparison with reference drugs indomethacin and celecoxib. Compounds 9a-c were found to release moderate amounts of NO to decrease the side effects associated with selective COX-2 inhibitors. A molecular modeling study for compounds 7b, 7h, and 7i into COX-2 active site correlated with results of in vitro COX-2 inhibition assays.
NTP42, a novel antagonist of the thromboxane receptor, attenuates experimentally induced pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Mulvaney Eamon , Reid Helen , Bialesova Lucia , Bouchard Annie , Salvail Dany , Kinsella B. Therese 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
NTP42 is a novel antagonist of the thromboxane prostanoid receptor (TP), currently in development for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). PAH is a devastating disease with multiple pathophysiological hallmarks including excessive pulmonary vasoconstriction, vascular remodelling, inflammation, fibrosis, in situ thrombosis and right ventricular hypertrophy. Signalling through the TP, thromboxane (TX) A 2 is a potent vasoconstrictor and mediator of platelet aggregation. It is also a pro-mitogenic, pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic agent. Moreover, the TP also mediates the adverse actions of the isoprostane 8-iso-prostaglandin F 2α , a free-radical-derived product of arachidonic acid produced in abundance during oxidative injury. Mechanistically, TP antagonists should treat most of the hallmarks of PAH, including inhibiting the excessive vasoconstriction and pulmonary artery remodelling, in situ thrombosis, inflammation and fibrosis. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of NTP42 in the monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rat model, alongside current standard-of-care drugs.
Methods
PAH was induced by subcutaneous injection of 60 mg/kg MCT in male Wistar–Kyoto rats. Animals were assigned into groups: 1. ‘No MCT’; 2. ‘MCT Only’; 3. MCT + NTP42 (0.25 mg/kg BID); 4. MCT + Sildenafil (50 mg/kg BID), and 5. MCT + Selexipag (1 mg/kg BID), where 28-day drug treatment was initiated within 24 h post-MCT.
Results
From haemodynamic assessments , NTP42 reduced the MCT-induced PAH, including mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and right systolic ventricular pressure (RSVP), being at least comparable to the standard-of-care drugs Sildenafil or Selexipag in bringing about these effects. Moreover, NTP42 was superior to Sildenafil and Selexipag in significantly reducing pulmonary vascular remodelling, inflammatory mast cell infiltration and fibrosis in MCT-treated animals.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that NTP42 and antagonism of the TP signalling pathway have a relevant role in alleviating the pathophysiology of PAH, representing a novel therapeutic target with marked benefits over existing standard-of-care therapies.
Assessment of risk factors for early childhood caries at different ages in Shandong, China and reflections on oral health education: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Meng , Zhang Xinyue , Zhang Yuan , Li Yanan , Shao Chunchun , Xiong Shijiang , Lan Jing , Wang Zhifeng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: The high prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) is widespread around the world, and oral health education (OHE) plays a vital role in preventing ECC. Numerous studies on ECC risk factor assessment have assisted us in enriching the content of OHE. The objective of this study was to further assess independent risk factors for ECC at different ages to provide evidence and insights for OHE. Methods : Children aged 3-5 years old (N=1301) in Shandong Province were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Data about oral health status and caregivers’ oral health knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) were extracted from the 4th National Oral Health Survey of China. The associations between ECC prevalence and various KAP variables were tested with chi-square tests, bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results: The ECC prevalence in Shandong Province was 64.6%, and the dmft mean was 3.15. The independent variables with an increased risk for ECC were age, feeding method within 6 months of birth, bedtime sugar frequency, experience of toothache over the past year and dental visits (P <0.05, chi-square tests). Complete artificial feeding within 6 months of birth primarily contributed to the high risk of the 3-year-old group (OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.12-0.69), while high frequency bedtime sweet consumption mainly contributed to that of the 5-year-old group (OR: 3.22, 95% CI: 1.03-10.06; logistic regression analysis). Interestedly, tooth brushing was not associated with ECC in this study, and some positive knowledge and attitude variables were positively correlated with a high risk of ECC. Conclusion : These data provide evidence to suggest that the ECC-related risk factors at different ages are inconsistent, which provides some insights for OHE. We should highlight the effects of feeding methods in the early stages of deciduous dentition and sugar habits in the late stages of deciduous dentition on ECC, as well as encourage preventive dental visit and supplemental training for oral health practices.
Structure and Function of the Arctic and Antarctic Marine Microbiota as Revealed by Metagenomics
Authors: Zhang Weipeng , Cao Shunan , Ding Wei , Wang Meng , Fan Shen , Yang Bo , Mcminn Andrew , Wang Min , Xie Bin-Bin , Qin Qi-Long , Chen Xiu-Lan , He Jianfeng , Zhang Yu-Zhong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: The Arctic and Antarctic are the two most geographically distant bioregions on earth. Recent sampling efforts and following metagenomics have shed light on the global ocean microbial diversity and function, yet the microbiota of polar regions has not been included in such global analyses.
Results: Here a metagenomic study of seawater samples (n = 60) collected from different depths at 28 locations in the Arctic and Antarctic zones was performed, together with metagenomes from the Tara Oceans. More than 7,500 (19%) polar seawater-derived operational taxonomic units could not be identified in the Tara Oceans datasets, and more than 3,900,000 protein-coding gene orthologs had no hits in the Ocean Microbial Reference Gene Catalog. Analysis of 214 metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) , recovered from the polar seawater microbiomes, revealed strains that are prevalent in the polar regions while nearly undetectable in temperate seawater. Metabolic pathway reconstruction for these microbes suggested versatility for saccharide and lipids biosynthesis, nitrate and sulfate reduction, and CO2 fixation. Comparison between the Arctic and Antarctic microbiomes revealed that antibiotic resistance genes were enriched in the Arctic while functions like DNA recombination were enriched in the Antarctic.
Conclusions: Our data highlight the occurrence of dominant and locally enriched microbes in the Arctic and Antarctic seawater with unique functional traits for environmental adaption, and provide a foundation for analyzing the global ocean microbiome in a more complete perspective.
Diagnostic performance of nucleic acid tests in tuberculous pleurisy
Authors: Han Min , Xiao He-ping , Yan Liping 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Tuberculous pleurisy (TBP) is the most common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB). However, rapid diagnostic methods with high accuracy for tuberculous pleurisy are urgently needed. In the present study, we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF, LAMP and SAT-TB assay with pleural fluids from from culture-positive TBP patients.
Methods: We prospectively enrolled 300 patients with exudative pleural effusions used as the samples for Xpert MTB/RIF, LAMP and SAT-TB assay. Of these, 265 including 223 patients diagnosed with TP and 42 non-TB patients used as controls were analyzed.
Results: The sensitivities of Xpert MTB/RIF (27.4%) , LAMP (26.5%) and SAT-TB assay (32.3%) were significantly higher than that of pleural effusion smear (14.3% , X 2 = 20.65, P < 0.001), whereas they were much lower than expected for the analysis of pleural effusion samples. Both SAT-TB assay and Xpert MTB/RIF demonstrated high specificities (100%) and PPVs (100%), but the NPVs of all of the tests were < 22%. The area under ROC curve of pleural effusionsmear, LAMP, Xpert MTB/RIF and SAT-TB assays was 0.524 (95% CI 0.431–0.617), 0.632 (95% CI 0.553–0.71), 0.637 (95% CI 0.56–0.714) and 0.673 (95% CI 0.6–0.745). SAT-TB assays had the highest AUC.
Conclusion: Nucleic acid amplification tests are not the first choice in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy. In this type of test, SAT-TB is recommended because of its low cost, relatively more accurate compared with the other two tests. This prospective study was approved by The Ethics Committee of the Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital (approval number: K19-148). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: ChiCTR1900026234.
Key words : Xpert MTB/RIF; AmpSure simultaneous amplification and testing; loop-mediated isothermal amplification; diagnosis; tuberculosis
BRAF V600 mutation profiling in primary skin nodular melanoma in Indonesia: an analysis using high resolution pyrosequencing
Authors: Rinonce Hanggoro Tri , Aji Rovi Panji Mustiko , Hayati Ni’mah , Pudjohartono Maria Fransiska , Kameswari Bidari , Anwar Sumadi Lukman , Irianiwati - 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective: We aimed to investigate the prevalence and type of BRAF V600 mutations and the associations with clinicopathological variables in primary skin nodular melanoma cases in Yogyakarta and Central Java, Indonesia using pyrosequencing. Results: BRAF V600 mutations of the V600E type were found in 21 (53.85%) specimens. The variant allele frequencies (VAFs) ranged from 5.07% to 94.70%, averaging 29.05%. However, most cases had low VAFs, with 13 (61.9%) specimens below 20% and 4 (19.05%) below 10%.