bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new sociology of nationalism: The sociology of property and nation
Authors: Fuglestad Eirik Magnus 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this essay, I will reflect upon what has been sociology's contribution to understanding the emergence and development of nationalism and how sociology can contribute to understanding nationalism's present and future through a property rights perspective. The essay will discuss, in particular, how historical sociological analysis of property rights and property rights regimes may be central to understanding nationalism past and future. After a general and brief discussion on the current, so‐called return of nationalism, the essay starts with discussion of some late enlightenment proto‐sociologists, suggesting that these writers actually analysed some crucial early dynamics of property and sovereignty which is central to understanding nationalism. The essay then moves on to suggests why a property rights focus might be a useful perspective to understanding nationalism in the 21st century.
Permanent pacemaker implantation in pediatric heart transplant recipients: A systematic review and evidence quality assessment
Authors: Mylonas Konstantinos S. , Repanas Theodoros , Athanasiadis Dimitrios I. , Voulgaridou Aikaterini , Sfyridis Panagiotis G. , Bakoyiannis Christos , Kapelouzou Alkistis , Avgerinos Dimitrios V. , Tzifa Aphrodite , Kalangos Afksendiyos 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBradyarrhythmias are a common complication following pediatric OHT and may require permanent pacemaker implantation (PPM). The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence, predictors, and outcomes of children undergoing PPM implantation following OHT. A PRISMA‐compliant systematic literature review was performed using the PubMed database and the Cochrane Library (end‐of‐search date: January 27, 2019). The Newcastle‐Ottawa scale and the Joanna Briggs Institute tool were used to assess the quality of cohort studies and case reports, respectively. We analyzed data from a total of 11 studies recruiting 7198 pediatric patients who underwent heart transplant. PPM implantation was performed in 1.9% (n = 137/7,198; 95% CI: 1.6‐2.2) of the patients. Most patients underwent dual‐chamber pacing (46%, 95% CI: 32.6‐59.7). Male‐to‐female ratio was 1.3:1. Mean patient age at the time of OHT was 10.1 ± 6.3. Overall, biatrial anastomosis was used in 62.2% (95% CI: 52.8‐70.6) of the patients. The bicaval technique was performed in the remaining 37.8% (95% CI: 29.4‐47.1). Sinus node dysfunction was the most frequent indication for PPM implantation (54.4%; 95% CI: 42.6‐65.7) followed by AV block (45.6%; 95% CI: 34.3‐57.3). The median time interval between OHT and PPM implantation ranged from 17 days to 12.5 years. All‐cause mortality was 27.9% (95% CI: 18.6‐39.6) during a median follow‐up of 5 years. PPM implantation is rarely required after pediatric OHT. The most common indication for pacing is sinus node dysfunction, and patients undergoing biatrial anastomosis may be more likely to require PPM.
Successful treatment of Pityriasis Versicolor by photodynamic therapy mediated by methylene blue
Authors: Alberdi Enrique , Gómez Clara 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough systemic therapies are recommended for severe or recalcitrant cases of pityriasis versicolor (PV), they are not free of important side effects and drug interactions. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizes the action of singlet oxygen and free radicals produced by a light‐activated photosensitizer to kill viruses, bacteria, or fungi. In this study, the effect of a PDT mediated by methylene blue (MB) in PV was evaluated.MethodsFive women with PV disseminated on the back and diagnosed by fresh microscopic analysis were treated with a solution of MB (2%) applied to the PV lesions for 3 minutes. Next, a red LED lamp (λ = 630±5 nm, 37 J/cm2), placed 100 mm from the skin for 10 minutes, was applied on the dyed PV lesions. Six sessions of MB/PDT were implemented with a 2‐week interval in between. Wood's lamp examination was used to monitor fungal infection at each time point.ResultsComplete cure was observed in the five women at the 4 weeks post‐treatment follow‐up. Fluoresce images from PV lesions by Wood's lamp allowed to evaluate whether the lesions were healed or not at each time point. No patient showed relapse at the 6‐month follow‐up. The patients did not have any adverse effect, and good cosmetic outcome was observed.ConclusionsSix sessions of MB/PDT spaced at 14‐day intervals are sufficient for the treatment for PV in healthy patients.
Protection‐adjusted UV dose estimated for body areas: Daily self‐reported sun protection modification of wearable UV sensor dose
Authors: Robinson June K. , Durst Dalya A. , Gray Elizabeth , Kwasny Mary 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundDuring the last 20 years, 50% of adults with sun‐sensitive skin have sunburned annually. Reducing the proportion of people who sunburn requires understanding the circumstances and outdoor activities during which at‐risk people sunburn.MethodsA 7‐day observational study of melanoma survivors (n = 20) and young adult first‐degree relatives of melanoma survivors (FDRs) (n = 20) captured daily UV exposure, sun protection, and sunburns during spring and summer in the Midwest of the United States (latitude 41.8°N). Participants wore UV and physical activity sensors and completed a daily self‐reported survey of sun protection, sunburn, and physical activities. The estimated protection‐adjusted UV dose was calculated for each body area by integrating self‐reported sun protection with UV sensor dose.ResultsIn 254 days, at least one body area in 9 of 20 (45%) melanoma survivors and 11 of 20 (55%) FDRs was sunburned (erythema at 24 hours). Sunburns were associated with spring and walking for transportation or leisure, especially walking the dog. Melanoma survivors used sunscreen daily on the face; however, forearms and lower legs were not protected during walking. Young adults did not use sun protection on the face, forearms or lower legs during walking for transportation and use was ineffective during sports.ConclusionThe sun protection patterns of daily living identified in this study may promote recognition of erythema as sunburn and inform the development of tailored sun protection mobile applications promoting self‐monitoring with wearable UV sensors.
Identification of differential protein recognition pattern between Naegleria fowleri and Naegleria lovaniensis
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Sánchez Mara , Carrasco‐Yepez Maria Maricela , Herrera‐Díaz Jorge , Rojas‐Hernández Saul 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMany pathogenicity factors are involved in the development of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) caused by N fowleri. However, most of them are not exclusive for N fowleri and they have not even been described in other nonpathogenic Naegleria species. Therefore, the objective of this work was to identify differential proteins and protein pattern recognition between Naegleria fowleri and Naegleria lovaniensis using antibodies anti‐N fowleri as strategy to find vaccine candidates against meningoencephalitis. Electrophoresis and Western blots conventional and 2‐DE were performed for the identification of antigenic proteins, and these were analysed by the mass spectrometry technique. The results obtained in 2‐DE gels and Western blot showed very notable differences in spot intensity between these two species, specifically those with relative molecular weight of 100, 75, 50 and 19 kDa. Some spots corresponding to these molecular weights were identified as actin fragment, myosin II, heat shock protein, membrane protein Mp2CL5 among others, with differences in theoretical post‐translational modifications. In this work, we found differences in antigenic proteins between both species, proteins that could be used for a further development of vaccines against N fowleri infection.
Assessing the Organizational Culture of Higher Education Institutions in an Era of #MeToo
Authors: Dolamore Stephanie , Richards Tara N. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSexual harassment was established as a form of sex discrimination in institutions of higher education (IHEs) under Title IX of the Education Amendments to the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Since then, decades of victimization surveys beginning in the 1980s show that sexual misconduct continues to be a significant problem for IHEs. Estimates suggest that as many as 25 percent of college women experience a sexual assault while in college, while as many as 34 percent experience attempted or completed unwanted kissing, sexual touching using physical force, threat of physical force, and/or verbal coercion during their college career. In this Viewpoint essay, the authors propose the Preventing and Addressing Sexual Misconduct Framework as a tool to assess and cultivate an organizational culture that is responsive to these concerning trends. Pulling from an interdisciplinary body of scholarship and the philosophy of the #MeToo movement, this tool is a starting place for the continued dialogue that is needed to more fully address sexual misconduct on college campuses.
Disease progression across the spectrum of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A multicentre study
Authors: Sgalla Giacomo , Lo Greco Erminia , Calvello Mariarosaria , Varone Francesco , Iovene Bruno , Cerri Stefania , Donatelli Pierluigi , Vancheri Ada , Pavone Mauro , Luppi Fabrizio , Vancheri Carlo , Richeldi Luca 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveIn clinical practice, a working diagnosis of IPF may be performed to provide effective antifibrotic treatment to patients who cannot undergo SLB. In this study, we compared the disease course across IPF diagnostic categories in a real‐life clinical setting to clarify the appropriateness of a working diagnosis of IPF and treatment initiation in these patients.MethodsLongitudinal data from IPF patients receiving antifibrotic treatment (pirfenidone or nintedanib) were retrospectively collected at three tertiary centres in Italy. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to compare time to death and to a composite endpoint of disease progression between two diagnostic subgroups, that is, patients with UIP on HRCT and/or SLB, and patients with possible UIP and no histological confirmation.ResultsA total of 249 IPF patients were included in the analysis. Among patients with a possible UIP pattern on HRCT, 41 (55%) were prescribed antifibrotic treatment (either nintedanib or pirfenidone) despite absence of histological confirmation. This group demonstrated similar mortality and disease progression as compared to patients with a definite diagnosis of IPF as per diagnostic guidelines (log‐rank test P = 0.771 and P = 0.139, respectively). Such findings were confirmed on multivariate analysis (HR: 1.19, 95% CI: 0.49–2.89, P = 0.7 for death; HR: 1.42, 95% CI: 0.83–2.44, P = 0.201 for disease progression).ConclusionIn patients receiving antifibrotics following a working diagnosis of IPF, disease progression rates were similar to patients with a confident diagnosis of IPF according to consensus guidelines, supporting the rationale for treatment initiation in these patients by expert multidisciplinary teams.
Properties of dust source material and volcanic ash in Iceland
Authors: Butwin Mary K. , Pfeffer Melissa A. , von Löwis Sibylle , Støren Eivind W. N. , Bali Eniko , Thorsteinsson Throstur 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe volcanic origin, primarily basaltic, of most of the surface material in Iceland influences its physical properties and appearance. Size distributions, shape analyses and melting experiments were made for surface material collected in high‐erosion dust source areas and fresh volcanic ash deposits to determine whether they differ from one another and from dust from other major dust sources. The major differences found between Icelandic dust and dust from other major dust sources in the world, such as the Sahara, are in the particle shapes, lower density and darker colour. Icelandic dust particles greater than 20 μm retain volcanic morphological properties that are also found in fresh volcanic ash. Dust and fresh volcanic ash particles less than 20 μm are crystalline and blocky in nature, similar to the dust from other global source regions. The finer grained (<20 μm) Icelandic particles will have similar suspension and transport behaviours and be similarly hazardous to health and infrastructure as non‐Icelandic dust. The coarser particles (>20 μm) will have different suspension and transport behaviours than other dusts due to the volcanic morphology. Icelandic surface material has between 5% and 30% glassy particles compared to fresh volcanic ash which has more than 50% glassy particles. Glassy particles were observed to melt at a lower temperature than the mineral grains; and, as a result, volcanic ash is found to be more threatening to aircraft engines than the typical dust from Iceland. Icelandic dust was observed to be blocky, or plate‐like in the respirable size fraction, suggesting similar health hazards as dust from other regions.
Developing and validating a new multi‐dimensional scale for anti‐social behavior in a higher education setting
Authors: Mahmoud Ali B. , Hack‐polay Dieu , Fuxman Leonora , Massetti Brenda , Al Samarh A. Zaher 
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this research is to construct and validate a multi‐dimensional scale of Anti‐social Behavior (hereafter ASB) in a Western higher education context (i.e., USA). To achieve this, four studies, each with a different sample, were performed. Study 1 (n = 150) followed an exploratory design to generate a pool of potential items measuring ASB. Study 2 (n = 254) explored the dimensionality of the items produced in Study 1 using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and reliability measures. Study 3 (n = 654) confirmed the factorial structure from Study 2 and assessed the measurement model invariance using structural equation modeling (SEM). Finally, Study 4 (n = 287) assessed the predictive validity of the ASB measure through testing a hypothetical path model linking ASB to narcissism and Machiavellianism via an SEM procedure. In total, our research findings conclude that the ASB measurement model is a two‐factor multi‐dimensional structure comprising: Interpersonal Antagonistic Behavior (six items) as well as Indirect Distractive Behavior (four items). The research and practical implications for universities are thereafter discussed.
Preliminary flood risk assessment: Case study of systematic processing of available or readily derivable information
Authors: Solín Ľubomír , Rusnák Miloš 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe paper presents a methodological approach to preliminary flood risk assessment, which is conceptually based on the regional typing and integrated flood risk assessment. From the above conceptual bases, two key tasks arise: (1) establishing a basic spatial unit for preliminary flood risk assessment and (2) specifying its attributes in relation to the flood hazard and vulnerability (negative consequences), which correspond to assessment on a national scale. The basic spatial unit is defined as the municipality district. The methodological procedure of the preliminary flood risk assessment is based on an assessment of the impact of the district’s attributes on the potential of the flood hazard and negative flood consequences in the form of indicators, which are aggregated to subindices and indices. The flood risk potential index is determined as an aggregation of the flood hazard potential index and flood consequences potential index.
Discrete Time-Coupled State-Dependent Riccati Equation Control of Nonlinear Mechatronic Systems
Authors: Wang Xin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A discrete-time-coupled state-dependent Riccati equation (CSDRE) control strategy is structured in this paper for synthesizing state feedback controllers satisfying the combined nonlinear quadratic regulator (NLQR) and H∞ robust control performance objectives. Under smoothness assumptions, the nonlinear plant dynamics can be formulated into state-dependent coefficient form through direct parameterization. By solving a pair of coupled state-dependent Riccati equations, the optimal stabilizing solutions can achieve inherent stability, nonlinear quadratic optimality, and H∞ disturbance attenuation performance. The established two-player Nash's game theory is utilized for developing both of the finite and infinite time optimal control laws. Furuta swing-up pendulum, a representative nonholonomic underactuated nonlinear system, is stabilized in real-time for validating the robustness and potential of proposed approach in mechatronics applications.
Associations of fat and carbohydrate intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality: prospective cohort study of UK Biobank participants
Authors: Ho Frederick K , Gray Stuart R , Welsh Paul , Petermann-Rocha Fanny , Foster Hamish , Waddell Heather , Anderson Jana , Lyall Donald , Sattar Naveed , Gill Jason M R , Mathers John C , Pell Jill P , Celis-Morales Carlos 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the association of macronutrient intake with all cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD), and the implications for dietary advice.

Design
Prospective population based study.

Setting
UK Biobank.

Participants
195 658 of the 502 536 participants in UK Biobank completed at least one dietary questionnaire and were included in the analyses. Diet was assessed using Oxford WebQ, a web based 24 hour recall questionnaire, and nutrient intakes were estimated using standard methodology. Cox proportional models with penalised cubic splines were used to study non-linear associations.

Main outcome measures
All cause mortality and incidence of CVD.

Results

4780 (2.4%) participants died over a mean 10.6 (range 9.4-13.9) years of follow-up, and 948 (0.5%) and 9776 (5.0%) experienced fatal and non-fatal CVD events, respectively, over a mean 9.7 (range 8.5-13.0) years of follow-up. Non-linear associations were found for many macronutrients. Carbohydrate intake showed a non-linear association with mortality; no association at 20-50% of total energy intake but a positive association at 50-70% of energy intake (3.14
v
2.75 per 1000 person years, average hazard ratio 1.14, 95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.28 (60-70%
v
50% of energy)). A similar pattern was observed for sugar but not for starch or fibre. A higher intake of monounsaturated fat (2.94
v
3.50 per 1000 person years, average hazard ratio 0.58, 0.51 to 0.66 (20-25%
v
5% of energy)) and lower intake of polyunsaturated fat (2.66
v
3.04 per 1000 person years, 0.78, 0.75 to 0.81 (5-7%
v
12% of energy)) and saturated fat (2.66
v
3.59 per 1000 person years, 0.67, 0.62 to 0.73 (5-10%
v
20% of energy)) were associated with a lower risk of mortality. A dietary risk matrix was developed to illustrate how dietary advice can be given based on current intake.

Conclusion
Many associations between macronutrient intake and health outcomes are non-linear. Thus dietary advice could be tailored to current intake. Dietary guidelines on macronutrients (eg, carbohydrate) should also take account of differential associations of its components (eg, sugar and starch).
Using safety culture results to guide the merger of four general practices in the UK
Authors: Lockwood Alistair Martin , Proulx Joshua , Hill Matthew , Pendray Joanna 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundThe rapid merger in a crisis of three GP practices to incorporate the patients from a neighbouring closing surgery, led to the redesign of primary care provision. A deliberate focus on patient safety and staff engagement was maintained throughout this challenging transition to working at scale in an innovative, integrated and collaborative GP model.Method3 cycles of a staff culture tool (Safety, Communication, Organizational Reliability, Physician & Employee burn-out and Engagement) were performed at intervals of 9–12 months with structured feedback and engagement with staff after each round. The impact of different styles of feedback, the effect of specific interventions, and overall changes in safety climate and culture domains were observed in detail throughout this time period.ResultsStrong themes demonstrated were that: there was a general improvement in all culture domains; specific focus on teams that expressed they were struggling created the most effective outcomes; an initial lack of trust of the management structure improved; adapting and tailoring the styles of feedback was most efficacious; and burn-out scores dropped progressively. A unique observation of the rate at which different modalities of safety climate and culture change with time is demonstrated.ConclusionWith limited time, resources and energy, especially at times of crisis or change, the rapid and accurate identification of which domains of ‘culture’ and which teams required the most input at each stage of the journey is invaluable. Using this tool and prioritising patient safety, enables rapid and effective positive change to the culture and shape of expanding practices. It affirms that new models of working at scale in GP can be positively embraced with improvements in safety culture, if this is deliberately focused on and included in the transition process.
Effects of temperature on growth and development of amphibian larvae across an altitudinal gradient in the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Peng Li Qing , Tang Min , Liao Jia Hong , Liang Shi Yuan , Gan Li Tao , Hua Ke Jun , Chen Yan , Li Hong , Chen Wei , Merilä Juha 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Organisms living in extreme environments, such as amphibians inhabiting the Tibetan plateau, are faced with a magnitude of potentially strong selection pressures. With an average elevation exceeding 4500 m, the Tibetan plateau is mainly characterized by low temperatures, but little is known about the influence of this factor on the growth, development, and behaviour of amphibian larvae living in this environment. Using a common garden experiment, we studied the influence of temperatures on the early growth and development of tadpoles of the Tibetan brown frog (Rana kukunoris) endemic to the eastern Tibetan plateau. We discovered that temperature had a significant influence on early growth and development of the tadpoles, with those undergoing high-temperature treatment growing and developing faster than their siblings from a low-temperature treatment. However, high-altitude individuals grew faster than low-altitude individuals at low temperatures, while the opposite was true at high temperatures. These results support the temperature adaptation hypothesis, as tadpoles’ growth and developmental rates were maximized at the temperatures experienced in their native environments. These results suggest that variation in ambient temperature, combined with evolutionary adaptation to temperature of local environments, is probably one of the most critical environmental factors shaping altitudinal differences in the growth and development of amphibian larvae on the Tibetan plateau.