bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acoustic waves in monodisperse and polydisperse gas-dust mixtures with intense momentum transfer between phases
Authors: Markelova T , Stoyanovskaya O , Arendarenko M , Isaenko E , Snytnikov V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper presents one-dimensional problems of dusty gas dynamics on plane acoustic wave propagation. In the fist problem the dusty gas is considered as polydisperse medium with a zero-volume dust fraction. In the second problem the dusty gas is a monodisperse medium with particles that occupy finite volume. For both problems, dispersion relations are obtained. Then a limiting case when a velocity relaxation time between particles and gas tends to zero is considered. This case corresponds to mixtures with fine dust when intense interaction between phases takes place. For this limiting case expressions for the phase velocity are derived. Moreover, we present formulas for generating particular solutions of corresponding linearized problems. These solutions are intended to be used as a standard in the study of asymptotic, dispersive and dissipative properties of numerical methods. Program codes for generating such solutions are published and available for download.
Multi-front detonation structure in two-fuel mixtures – numerical modelling
Authors: Trotsyuk A V , Fomin P A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A numerical simulation of a two-dimensional (2D) structure of the detonation wave (DW) in a two-fuel gaseous mixtures with air mixture at normal initial condition has been conducted. This study is based on a two-stage generalised model of detonation kinetics for a mixtures of two fuels first proposed by us. The computations have been performed in a wide range of channel height. The changes in the 2D front structure of the self-sustaining DW on variations of the height of the channel have been studied. From the analysis of the flow structure and the number of primary transverse waves in channel, the dominant sizes of the detonation cell for studied mixture have been determine. Numerical data on the detonation cell sizes have been carefully analyzed and compared with available experimental data.
International scientific and technical cooperation as an independent direction of foreign policy: Russian and French experience
Authors: Kamalyan A M , Egorova M A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The article covers international scientific and technical cooperation as one of the modern diplomacy tools, with considerable emphasis on the French and Russian approach thereto. It is emphasized that both Moscow and Paris regard this issue as one of the directions of its foreign policy. Particular attention is paid to the review of key national regulatory acts of both states in the designated sphere, as well as international treaties concluded by the Russian Federation or France with third States on international scientific and technical cooperation. Specific examples of such joint scientific and technical projects and activities are revealed, with a focus on the features and needs of the regions or parties to the agreements. The conclusion is made on the efficiency of measures and decisions taken by the Russian Federation and France, as well as on the possibility and practicability of borrowing the French experience for the Russian foreign policy and vice versa. The article will be relevant to practicing lawyers, researchers, students and everyone who is interested in international scientific and technical cooperation.
Tax privileges as a stimulating tool of Megascience projects
Authors: Gracheva E Y , Arzumanova L L , Boltinova O V , Sitnik A A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The article is devoted to the study of the impact of tax privileges on the stimulation of scientific activity in general and megascience projects in particular. The paper examines the concept and types of tax privileges in accordance with the tax legislation of the Russian Federation, considers tax privileges associated with the implementation of scientific activities, in particular, privileges for personal income tax, corporate income tax, privileges for taxes levied in connection with the use of simplified and patent systems of taxation, by subjects carrying out scientific activities. It should be noted that currently there are no privileges in the tax legislation of the Russian Federation that would be directly related to the implementation of megascience projects. Meanwhile, the possibility of their introduction should be properly assessed and should be seriously considered by the top officials of the state. Currently, there are no privileges in the tax legislation of the Russian Federation that would be directly related to the implementation of megascience projects. Meanwhile, the possibility of their introduction should be properly assessed and should be seriously considered by the top officials of the state. The mechanism for applying the so-called “tax holidays” is currently very limited.
Financial and legal relations and key legal concepts of ‘MEGASCIENCE’
Authors: Tkachenko R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The article looks at some issues related to legal regulation of funding, development, construction and operation of large-scale research facilities. In the course of study there have been singled out the peculiarities of social relations in ‘mega-science’ and various approaches to its definition have been provided. It has been established, that norms of financial law regulate the system of public relations, connected with financial activity in the field, including budget funding and involving other sources to construct large-scale research facilities, tax relief for research organizations involved in the construction and operation of global research facilities, and financial control over the process of mega-science projects implementation. Suggestions have been made about the necessity to devise and adopt a special federal law of the Russian Federation that would regulate such social relations and those in the field of international collaboration related to international research conducted by member states at mega-science plants. Possible formulations of key concepts used in mega-science have been provided.
Copyright and protection of scientific results: the experience of Russia, the United States and the countries of the Near East
Authors: Ponomareva D V , Maggs P B , Barabashev A G 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this article, the authors analyze the legal regulation of the copyright protection of the results of scientific activity in Russia, the United States and the countries of the Near East. Considerable attention is paid to the review of key regulatory acts of the states operating in the designated area, as well as international treaties affecting aspects of the copyright protection of intellectual rights in the field of science. The authors consider the main ways of protecting the scientific results by means of copyright. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the judicial practice of the states, which plays a vital role in defining approaches to the legal regulation of the scientific results. The authors emphasized the similarity and difference between the systems of copyright protection of the results of scientific activity, the role of the judiciary in the functioning of such systems. In the end the conclusion is made about the prospects for harmonization of the approaches to the legal regulation of the results of scientific activity by means of copyright. The article will be relevant to practicing lawyers, researchers, students and everyone who is interested in IP law.
Megascience projects in modern nuclear physics and personnel training
Authors: Barbashina N S , Astapov I I , Delov M I , Moshkova D M , Vasiliev A N 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Modern nuclear physics is impossible without the implementation of projects of the megascience class, for the creation of which the efforts of many organizations and countries are consolidated. The level and complexity of experiments carried out with the use of such facilities is provided by scientific researchers with a wide range of competencies. The education of such researchers is an important task for scientific and educational organizations. These issues were discussed at the 2nd conference “Personnel training and legal support for the implementation of scientific projects of the Mega-science class” organized by National Research Nuclear University MEPhI and Kutafin Moscow State Law University on June 25, 2020. The aim of the Conference was to discuss the policy management issues of implementation of the Mega-science class research projects.
Public policies as obstacle to sustainable CDWM practices
Authors: Andersson R. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The sustainable management of construction and demolition waste (CDW) should play a significant role to achieve the SDG11 for sustainable cities and communities as well as the SDG12 on responsible consumption and production. However, the construction sector is still a major contributor to the waste generated within the European union and contributes with around 25-30 percent of the total amount. The EU followed by the Swedish agencies and the professional associations have defined successive policies to increase the recycling ratio of CDW and mitigate its negative effect. The role of these public policies is to define and to encourage the implementation of sustainable solutions. In the case of management of CDW and in particular the renovation and demolition waste, those policies are not delivering the expected result. Building on multiple regulatory levels with the intent to govern professional’s behavior, they so far fail to support change in practice. The aim of this study is therefore to study and analyze how the policy framework and professional guidelines are defining the conditions for adopting more sustainable waste management practices in the industry. The study is based on a document analysis of grey literature in terms of governmental reports, official guidelines, regulatory publications and other publicly published documents concerning CDW management. The analysis highlight ambiguity and contradictions within the material as to how the challenges concerning CDW should be addressed. There is a misalignment between the different actors view on definitions, responsibility and the design of roadmaps toward a more sustainable agenda. This ambiguity and complexity could explain the maintaining of the current practices, hampering practitioners to act. We therefore emphasize the need for a more coherent framework to create the necessary conditions for the industry to move towards a more sustainable agenda.
Development of regionally specific green building design & assessment standards for the Qinghai-Tibet plateau region of China
Authors: Liu Y , Wang J , Ren J , Zheng W-X , Shao T 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Establishment of regionally specific green building (GB) standards has been proved to be an effective way to promote GB development in different regions. China released its first national Evaluation Standard for Green Building (GB 50378) in 2006. Since then, regionally specific GB standards have quickly been established in its different provinces/cities. However, such standards were not established in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau region until about ten years later, which made it the last region in the country to possess its own regionally specific GB standards. Supported by research funds from the Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development of Qinghai province and Tibet autonomous region respectively, the research group of this paper studied on how to develop regionally specific GB design and assessment standards for the Qinghai-Tibet plateau region. Literature review, field investigations, questionnaire surveys, group interviews and case studies were conducted to clarify regionally specific conditions and needs, based on comprehensive analysis of which, sub-zones were established and specific provisions were established or customized to suit regionally specific conditions. Main results, experiences and lessons learnt from the research are introduced and discussed, further researches in the relevant field are also recommended.
Not even close to the goals - A “snapshot” of Swedish property owners’ energy renovation plans
Authors: Wahlström Åsa , Glader Karin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A pre-requisite to reach the EU 2030 and beyond targets is a significantly increased ambition among property owners regarding energy-efficient refurbishments. The Swedish Energy Agency and the National Board of Housing, Building and Planning are on the Swedish government assignment developing a strategy with policy instruments to increase energy-efficiency oriented renovation. In order to design the right policy instruments, deeper knowledge is needed on the potential for energy efficiency and property owners’ present actions. To gain more insight into these questions an interview study with 20 building owners, covering more than 15% of the Swedish property area of multi-family buildings, schools and offices were performed in 2016. The interviews aimed to identify how building owners reason on different energy saving levels, what level of energy efficiency they currently are realizing and what obstacles and possibilities they expect if they take further steps in energy renovation. The interviews were based on four different common packages of energy-efficiency measures defined as renovations levels: 4, 15, 30, and 50 percent respectively. In 2019 the strategy was updated based on follow up interviews with mainly the same building owners. The interview results were used, together with assumptions of future renovation rates, in a calculation tool called HEFTIG. This tool enables long term calculation and visualization of energy-efficiency measures. The present situation was compared with scenarios made in 2016 and new scenarios were developed for 2030, 2040 and 2050 for the Swedish building stock. The result is a “snapshot” is that the property owners’ current actions are far from the cost-efficient potential and that the potential is larger for heating than for electricity. The results also show that the energy renovation rate has to increase in the near future if the EU targets should be reached.
The ecological footprint of João Monlevade city, Brazil – Conventional Method
Authors: Lage Morais Cataryna Raisa , Cardoso Fernandes Ana Rosa Aon , Franco Elton Santos , Marques Izabel Cristina , Marques Sakiyama Nayara Rodrigues 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Ecological Footprint (EF) is a measure of the burden imposed by a population on nature. It represents the soil area required to sustain resource consumption and waste generation levels, expressed in units of a hectare per person. This work aims to calculate and evaluate the EF of a small city in Brazil, João Monlevade (JM) - Minas Gerais (MG). For the calculation, the conventional method proposed by Wackernagel and Rees in the ‘90s was used. It is based on the sum of the footprint of variables calculated from the annual average of consumption items, dividing the total consumption by the population size, subtracted from the biocapacity. JM’s biocapacity and EF are 0.048, and 0.643 ha / inhabits, respectively. Therefore, local consumption exceeds the support capacity of the natural environment, making it necessary to have an adequate environmental municipality planning. The most significant footprint was related to CO2emission from burning fossil fuels, 0.47 ha / inhab., indicating the need to implement mitigation measures. It is concluded that the calculation of the municipality’s EF points out more sustainable ways for a better population life quality. However, the calculation requires improvement, with the definition of other relevant indicators and data careful analysis.
Comparison of the greenhouse gas emissions of a high-rise residential building assessed with different national LCA approaches – IEA EBC Annex 72
Authors: Frischknecht R , Ramseier L , Yang W , Birgisdottir H , Chae Ch U , Lützkendorf T , Passer A , Balouktsi M , Berg B , Bragança L , Butler J , Cellura M , Dixit M , Dowdell D , Francart N , García Martínez A , Gomes V , Gomes Da Silva M , Guimaraes G , Hoxha E , Wiik M Kjendseth , König H , Llatas C , Longo S , Lupíšek A , Martel J , Mateus R , Rasmussen F Nygaard , Ouellet-Plamondon C , Peuportier B , Pomponi F , Pulgrossi L , Röck M , Satola D , Verdaguer B Soust , Szalay Z , Nhu A Truong , Veselka J , Volf M , Zara O 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Introduction: The international research project IEA EBC Annex 72 investigates the life cycle related environmental impacts caused by buildings. The project aims inter alia to harmonise LCA approaches on buildings. Methods: To identify major commonalities and discrepancies among national LCA approaches, reference buildings were defined to present and compare the national approaches. A residential high-rise building located in Tianjin, China, was selected as one of the reference buildings. The main construction elements are reinforced concrete shear walls, beams and floor slabs. The building has an energy reference area of 4566 m2 and an operational heating energy demand of 250 MJ/m2a. An expert team provided information on the quantities of building materials and elements required for the construction, established a BIM model and quantified the operational energy demand. Results: The greenhouse gas emissions and environmental impacts of the building were quantified using 17 country-specific national assessment methods and LCA databases. Comparisons of the results are shown on the level of building elements as well as the complete life cycle of the building. Conclusions: The results of these assessments show that the main differences lie in the LCA background data used, the scope of the assessment and the reference study period applied. Despite the variability in the greenhouse gas emissions determined with the 17 national methods, the individual results are relevant in the respective national context of the method, data, tool and benchmark used. It is important that environmental benchmarks correspond to the particular LCA approach and database of a country in which the benchmark is applied. Furthermore, the results imply to include building technologies as their contribution to the overall environmental impacts is not negligible. Grant support: The authors thank the IEA for its organizational support and the funding organizations in the participating countries for their financial support.
Key action fields for nearly carbon-neutral districts: stakeholder-specific strategies and practice
Authors: Hess S , Kreulitsch D , Rizaoglu I Kalpkirmaz , Honold A , Schmid M , Stobbe M , Nytsch-Geusen C , Lützkendorf T 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In accordance with the UN Sustainable Development Goals, many countries aim at nearly zero carbon emissions of their building sector by 2050. The research college EnEff.Buildings.2050 is a collaboration of five PhD students and their supervisors to support this goal. In this paper, five key action fields for transformation of urban districts are described, and decisive stakeholders are identified and linked to the action fields. As a case study, the urban district Mierendorff-Island in Berlin is introduced.
Three strategies to support transformation are identified: Firstly, new digital planning tools should be applied to assess and improve the energetic performance of new and existing buildings and to illustrate it to decision makers. Secondly, digital processes should be combined throughout the lifecycle of a building by building information modeling (BIM). This can ensure the energetic quality and enable cost-effective construction, servicing and monitoring. Thirdly, start-ups and contractors need support for development of new business models and technical solutions, which can e.g. enable disruptive technologies. Awareness of stakeholders on the transformational state of a district enables them to identify windows of opportunity to spring into action. Framework conditions and support measures determine if they act in favour of the transformation or not.
Passive and active personalized heating systems at a lower indoor ambient temperature
Authors: Loy Nick Van , Verbeeck Griet , Knapen Elke 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Dwellings in Belgium are comparatively larger than dwellings in other European countries. Moreover, their size is not always in line with the actual occupancy rate. Nowadays, most of these dwellings are heated by a single-zone, mostly convection-based heating system which heats all rooms simultaneously and completely. However, analysis of the effective spatial use shows that residents only use specific spots within a room at different times of the day, thus current heating systems do not correspond to the actual use of space. Nowadays, manufacturers focus mainly on increasing the efficiency of heating systems, while increasing the sufficiency of heating, i.e. using heat only at places where people are staying, can save a large amount of energy. In recent years, personalized acclimatizing systems in office buildings are well researched, especially for comfort improvement. However, less research is focussing on the opportunities of personalized heating as an energy saving option in residential buildings. Therefore, an experiment was performed on passive and active personalized heating systems, tested with 16 subjects, in a simulated living room at an ambient temperature of 18°C. The results of this experiment show that by making use of passive as well as active elements, people can feel comfortable at an indoor temperature lower than the commonly prescribed temperature of 21°C.
A topology optimization framework to facilitate adoption of advanced district thermal energy systems
Authors: Allen Amy , Henze Gregor , Baker Kyri , Pavlak Gregory , Long Nicholas , Fu Yangyang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAdvanced district thermal energy systems, which circulate water at temperatures near ambient conditions, and facilitate the utilization of waste heat and renewable thermal sources, can lower the carbon-intensity of urban districts, advancing the U.N. Sustainable Development Goals. Optimization of the network topology — the selection of the best subset of buildings and the best network to connect them, to minimize life cycle cost — can increase adoption of these system in appropriate applications. The potential “solution space” of the topology optimization problem grows factorially with the number of buildings in the district, motivating the consideration of a design heuristic. In this study, a heuristic for the network selection was evaluated with an exhaustive search, for a prototypical four-building district. For the prototypical district considered, the heuristic was effective in selecting an optimal network topology. Additionally, it was found that, in this case, the selection of the subset of buildings was more influential on the life cycle cost than the selection of the network topology. This work is part of a larger effort to develop a topology optimization framework for district thermal energy systems, which is anticipated to address barriers to adoption of ambient-temperature systems.