bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytoskeletal regulation of synaptogenesis in a model of human fetal brain development
Authors: Wilson Emily , Rudisill Taylor , Kirk Brenna , Johnson Colin , Kemper Paige , Newell‐Litwa Karen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractExcitatory synapse formation begins in mid‐fetal gestation. However, due to our inability to image fetal synaptogenesis, the initial formation of synapses remains understudied. The recent development of human fetal brain spheroids provides access to this critical period of synapse formation. Using human neurons and brain spheroids, we address how altered actin regulation impacts the formation of excitatory synapses during fetal brain development. Prior to synapse formation, inhibition of RhoA kinase (ROCK) signaling promotes neurite elongation and branching. In addition to increasing neural complexity, ROCK inhibition increases the length of protrusions along the neurite, ultimately promoting excitatory synapse formation in human cortical brain spheroids. A corresponding increase in Rac1‐driven actin polymerization drives this increase in excitatory synaptogenesis. Using STORM super‐resolution microscopy, we demonstrate that actomyosin regulators, including the Rac1 regulator, α‐PIX, and the RhoA regulator, p115‐RhoGEF, localize to nascent excitatory synapses, where they preferentially localize to postsynaptic compartments. These results demonstrate that coordinated RhoGTPase activities underlie the initial formation of excitatory synapses and identify critical cytoskeletal regulators of early synaptogenic events.
Greenland surface air temperature changes from 1981 to 2019 and implications for ice‐sheet melt and mass‐balance change
Authors: Hanna Edward , Cappelen John , Fettweis Xavier , Mernild Sebastian H. , Mote Thomas L. , Mottram Ruth , Steffen Konrad , Ballinger Thomas J. , Hall Richard J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe provide an updated analysis of instrumental Greenland monthly temperature data to 2019, focusing mainly on coastal stations but also analysing ice‐sheet records from Swiss Camp and Summit. Significant summer (winter) coastal warming of ~1.7 (4.4)°C occurred from 1991–2019, but since 2001 overall temperature trends are generally flat and insignificant due to a cooling pattern over the last 6–7 years. Inland and coastal stations show broadly similar temperature trends for summer. Greenland temperature changes are more strongly correlated with Greenland Blocking than with North Atlantic Oscillation changes. In quantifying the association between Greenland coastal temperatures and Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) mass‐balance changes, we show a stronger link of temperatures with total mass balance rather than surface mass balance. Based on Greenland coastal temperatures and modelled mass balance for the 1972–2018 period, each 1°C of summer warming corresponds to ~(91) 116 Gt·yr−1 of GrIS (surface) mass loss and a 26 Gt·yr−1 increase in solid ice discharge. Given an estimated 4.0–6.6°C of further Greenland summer warming according to the regional model MAR projections run under CMIP6 future climate projections (SSP5‐8.5 scenario), and assuming that ice‐dynamical losses and ice sheet topography stay similar to the recent past, linear extrapolation gives a corresponding GrIS global sea‐level rise (SLR) contribution of ~10.0–12.6 cm by 2100, compared with the 8–27 cm (mean 15 cm) “likely” model projection range reported by IPCC in 2019 (SPM.B1.2). However, our estimate represents a lower limit for future GrIS change since fixed dynamical mass losses and amplified melt arising from both melt‐albedo and melt‐elevation positive feedbacks are not taken into account here.
Cost‐Effectiveness of Parenteral Nutrition Containing ω‐3 Fatty Acids in Hospitalized Adult Patients From 5 European Countries and the US
Authors: Pradelli Lorenzo , Klek Stanislaw , Mayer Konstantin , Omar Alsaleh Abdul Jabbar , Rosenthal Martin D. , Heller Axel R. , Muscaritoli Maurizio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundω‐3 Fatty acid (FA)–containing parenteral nutrition (PN) is associated with improvements in patient outcomes and with reductions in hospital length of stay (HLOS) vs standard PN regimens (containing non–ω‐3 FA lipid emulsions). We present a cost‐effectiveness analysis of ω‐3 FA–containing PN vs standard PN in 5 European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK) and the US.MethodsThis pharmacoeconomic model was based on estimates of ω‐3 efficacy reported in a recent meta‐analysis and data from country‐specific sources. It utilized a probabilistic discrete event simulation model to compare ω‐3 FA–containing PN with standard PN in a population of critically ill and general ward patients. The influence of model parameters was evaluated using probabilistic and deterministic sensitivity analyses.ResultsOverall costs were reduced with ω‐3 FA–containing PN in all 6 countries compared with standard PN, ranging from €1741 (±€1284) in Italy to €5576 (±€4193) in the US. Expenses for infections and HLOS were lower in all countries for ω‐3 FA–containing PN vs standard PN, with the largest cost differences for both in the US (infection: €825 ± €4001; HLOS: €4879 ± €1208) and the smallest savings in the UK for infections and in Spain for HLOS (€63 ± €426 and €1636 ± €372, respectively).ConclusionThis cost‐effectiveness analysis in 6 countries demonstrates that the superior clinical efficacy of ω‐3 FA–containing PN translates into significant decreases in mean treatment cost, rendering it an attractive cost‐saving alternative to standard PN across different healthcare systems.
Reduced Handgrip Strength in Hospital Admission Predicts Prolonged Hospital Stay and Death but Is Not Accurate to Identify Malnutrition: A Longitudinal Study of Reduced Handgrip Strength in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Chites Victória Silva , Teixeira Paula Portal , Lima Julia , Burgel Camila Ferri , Gattermann Pereira Thainá , Silva Flávia Moraes 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundMalnourished patients present impairment of functionality due to loss of strength and muscle mass. However, the validity of handgrip strength (HGS) in identifying malnutrition and its association with clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients requires investigation.AimsEvaluate the accuracy of HGS in identifying malnutrition, its association with clinical outcomes, and the change in HGS in the first 2 weeks of hospitalization.MethodsA prospective cohort study with adult/elderly patients. Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) was applied in the first 48 hours for malnutrition diagnosis, and HGS was measured in this moment and after 7 and 14 days of hospital admission. HGS <20 kg for females and <30 kg for males was considered reduced. Outcomes of interest were prolonged hospital stay (LOS) and in‐hospital death.ResultsSix hundred patients (55.75 ± 14.78 years, 51.5% males) were included, 34.0% of them were malnourished (SGA‐B or SGA‐C), and 37.2% presented reduced HGS. The concordance between reduced HGS and SGA in malnutrition diagnosis was weak (κ = 0.192), and accuracy was not satisfactory (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.599 [95% CI, 0.551–0.648]). HGS did not change during the hospitalization. Reduced HGS increased by 1.2 times (95% CI, 1.03–1.40) the odds for prolonged LOS and 9.11 times (95% CI, 1.13–73.60) the risk of death.ConclusionReduced HGS did not present satisfactory accuracy to identify malnutrition, and HGS did not change during the first 14 days of hospitalization, but was associated with prolonged LOS and in‐hospital death.
Transcriptomic analysis of a near‐isogenic line of melon with high fruit flesh firmness during ripening
Authors: Zarid Mohamed , García‐Carpintero Victor , Esteras Cristina , Esteva Juan , Bueso María C , Cañizares Joaquín , Picó María B , Monforte Antonio J , Fernández‐Trujillo J Pablo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDA near‐isogenic line (NIL) of melon (SC10‐2) with introgression in linkage group X was studied from harvest (at firm‐ripe stage of maturity) until day 18 of postharvest storage at 20.5 °C together with its parental control (‘Piel de Sapo’, PS).RESULTSSC10‐2 showed higher flesh firmness and whole fruit hardness but lower juiciness than its parental. SC10‐2 showed a decrease in respiration rate accompanied by a decrease in ethylene production during ripening, both of which fell to a greater extent than in PS. The introgression affected 11 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the levels of which during ripening were generally higher in SC10‐2 than in PS. Transcriptomic analysis from RNA‐Seq revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the effects studied. For example, 909 DEGs were exclusive to the introgression, and only 23 DEGs were exclusive to postharvest ripening time. Major functions of the DEGs associated with introgression or ripening time were identified by cluster analysis. About 37 genes directly and/or indirectly affected the delay in ripening of SC10‐2 compared with PS in general and, more particularly, the physiological and quality traits measured and, probably, the differential non‐climacteric response. Of the former genes, we studied in more detail at least five that mapped in the introgression in linkage group (LG) X, and 32 outside it.CONCLUSIONThere is an apparent control of textural changes, VOCs and fruit ripening by an expression quantitative trait locus located in LG X together with a direct control on them due to genes presented in the introgression (CmTrpD, CmNADH1, CmTCP15, CmGDSL esterase/lipase, and CmHK4‐like) and CmNAC18. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Microbial dynamics, metabolomic profiles, and the correlation between them during fermentation of serofluid dish
Authors: Wei Jia , Ren Weihe , Wang Liping , Liu Menghao , Tian Xiaojing , Ding Gongtao , Ma Zhongren 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDSerofluid dish, a traditional Chinese fermented food, possesses unique flavors and health beneficial effects. These properties are likely due to the sophisticated metabolic networks during fermentation, which are mainly driven by microbiota. However, the exact roles of metabolic pathways and the microbial community during this process remain equivocal.RESULTSHere, we investigated the microbial dynamics by next‐generation sequencing, and outlined a differential non‐targeted metabolite profiling in the process of serofluid dish fermentation using the method of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography column with ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–quadruple time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Lactobacillus was the leading genus of bacteria, while Pichia and Issatchenkia were the dominant fungi. They all accumulated during fermentation. In total, 218 differential metabolites were identified, of which organic acids, amino acids, sugar and sugar alcohols, fatty acids, and esters comprised the majority. The constructed metabolic network showed that tricarboxylic acid cycle, urea cycle, sugar metabolism, amino acids metabolism, choline metabolism, and flavonoid metabolism were regulated by the fermentation. Furthermore, correlation analysis revealed that the leading fungi, Pichia and Issatchenkia, were linked to organic acids, amino acid and sugar metabolism, flavonoids, and several other flavor and functional components. Antibacterial tests indicated the antibacterial effect of serofluid soup against Salmonella and Staphylococcus.CONCLUSIONThis work provides new insights into the complex microbial and metabolic networks during serofluid dish fermentation, and a theoretical basis for the optimization of its industrial production. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Quantifying the efficiency of soil conservation and optimized strategies: A case‐study in a hotspot of afforestation in the Loess Plateau
Authors: Ning Jiachen , Zhang Daojun , Yu Qiang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough it is generally believed the Grain for Green programme (GFG) implemented in China has attenuated soil erosion, the extent to which it is effective still needs verification. Taking Yan'an in the Loess Plateau as the study area, we analysed both total effect and efficiency differences during GFG implementation. Results showed that, while soil erosion on average decreased from 4,884.49 to 4,087.57 t km−2 yr−1, counties with higher GFG implementation intensity achieved a lower soil conservation effect. For example, Wuqi ranks third in the GFG implementation intensity among all counties in Yan'an, but its actual soil erosion reduction is the lowest, only 54.1% of Yan'an's average level. To analyse the reason for the efficiency difference, the concept of soil conservation potential was proposed. It is concluded that the soil conservation effect is controlled by the soil conservation potential. Ideally, regions with high soil conservation potential should get priority in the GFG application, yet there is a significant spatial mismatch between the GFG implementation intensity and the soil conservation potential because the correlation coefficient is only −0.05, which weakened the soil control effect. A dynamic implementation mechanism was put forward for the formulation and optimization of ecological programmes and projects in future: first, using the soil conservation potential to determine the implementation intensity in each region; second, adjusting the intensity to the changes of the soil conservation potential in the following implementation; third, repeating above steps to ensure high efficiency of soil erosion control, and achieving the sustainability and effectiveness of the ecological projects.
Parkinsonism in Patients with Neuronopathic (Type 3) Gaucher Disease: A Case Series
Authors: Ryan Emory , Amato Dominick , MacKenzie Jennifer J. , Sidransky Ellen , Lopez Grisel 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe link between Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, and nonneuronopathic Gaucher disease (GD) is well established. Currently, PD is primarily associated with nonneuronopathic GD; however, with currently available treatments, patients with chronic neuronopathic GD, who historically had a shortened life span, are now living well into their 50s and beyond.CasesWe highlight 4 patients with chronic neuronopathic GD with parkinsonian features, describing their GD genotype and phenotype as well as the presentation and progression of their parkinsonism. Symptoms presented in their fourth or fifth decade of life, and include unilateral bradykinesia and/or tremor. Of the patients, 3 had cognitive impairment. The fourth patient has not shown cognitive decline 6 years after PD onset.ConclusionThis small series highlights that PD is not exclusively associated with nonneuronopathic GD and that as the chronic neuronopathic GD population ages, the clinical spectrum and heterogeneity of neurological manifestations may include parkinsonism.
Development of a social activities scale for community‐dwelling older people requiring support
Authors: Hirano Michiyo , Saeki Kazuko , Ueda Izumi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimThis study aims to develop the Social Activities Scale for Community‐Dwelling Older People Requiring Support (SASOS).DesignThis study is a cross‐sectional investigation.MethodsThe participants were healthy older people (HOP; N = 140) and those requiring support (OPRS; N = 250). An anonymous questionnaire included items on SASOS, subjective health and ikigai (Japanese well‐being concept). Criterion‐related validity was examined using the Social Activity Index for Elderly People (SAI‐E).ResultsSeventy‐five HOP and 157 OPRS provided effective responses. The scale (α = 0.805) had three subscales: "interactions with friends and neighbors (F1),” "close relationships with family (F2)” and "interactions with others through activity programs (F3).” SASOS and SAI‐E scores were correlated (r = .558, p < .01), indicating criterion‐related validity. In known‐groups validity analysis, F1 were significantly higher among HOP and F3 were significantly higher among OPRS. Total scores correlated with perceived health (r = .240, p < .01) and ikigai (r = .419, p < .01).
Flying blind, or just flying under the radar? The underappreciated power of de novo methods of mass spectrometric peptide identification
Authors: O'Bryon Isabelle , Jenson Sarah C. , Merkley Eric D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMass spectrometry‐based proteomics is a popular and powerful method for precise and highly multiplexed protein identification. The most common method of analyzing untargeted proteomics data is called database searching, where the database is simply a collection of protein sequences from the target organism, derived from genome sequencing. Experimental peptide tandem mass spectra are compared to simplified models of theoretical spectra calculated from the translated genomic sequences. However, in several interesting application areas, such as forensics, archaeology, venomics, and others, a genome sequence may not be available, or the correct genome sequence to use is not known. In these cases, de novo peptide identification can play an important role. De novo methods infer peptide sequence directly from the tandem mass spectrum without reference to a sequence database, usually using graph‐based or machine learning algorithms. In this review, we provide a basic overview of de novo peptide identification methods and applications, briefly covering de novo algorithms and tools, and focusing in more depth on recent applications from venomics, metaproteomics, forensics, and characterization of antibody drugs.
Structure and function of the juxtamembrane GAF domain of potassium biosensor KdpD
Authors: Kumar Shivesh , Gillilan Richard E. , Yernool Dinesh A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractKdpD/KdpE two‐component signaling system regulates expression of a high affinity potassium transporter responsible for potassium homeostasis. The C‐terminal module of KdpD consists of a GAF domain linked to a histidine kinase domain. Whereas certain GAF domains act as regulators by binding cyclic nucleotides, the role of the juxtamembrane GAF domain in KdpD is unknown. We report the high‐resolution crystal structure of KdpD GAF domain (KdpDG) consisting of five α‐helices, four β‐sheets and two large loops. KdpDG forms a symmetry‐related dimer, wherein parallelly arranged monomers contribute to a four‐helix bundle at the dimer‐interface, SAXS analysis of KdpD C‐terminal module reveals an elongated structure that is a dimer in solution. Substitution of conserved residues with various residues that disrupt the dimer interface produce a range of effects on gene expression demonstrating the importance of the interface in inactive to active transitions during signaling. Comparison of ligand binding site of the classic cyclic nucleotide‐binding GAF domains to KdpDG reveals structural differences arising from naturally occurring substitutions in primary sequence of KdpDG that modifies the canonical NKFDE sequence motif required for cyclic nucleotide binding. Together these results suggest a structural role for KdpDG in dimerization and transmission of signal to the kinase domain.
CAR T cells: Living HIV drugs
Authors: Namdari Haideh , Rezaei Farhad , Teymoori‐Rad Majid , Mortezagholi Sahar , Sadeghi Ahmadreza , Akbari Abolfazl 
Published: July 2020

SummaryHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1), the virus that causes AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), is a major global public health issue. Although the advent of combined antiretroviral therapy (ART) has made significant progress in inhibiting HIV replication in patients, HIV‐infected cells remain the principal cellular reservoir of HIV, this allows HIV to rebound immediately upon stopping ART, which is considered the major obstacle to curing HIV infection. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cell therapy has provided new opportunities for HIV treatment. Engineering T cells or hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to generate CAR T cells is a rapidly growing approach to develop an efficient immune cell to fight HIV. Herein, we review preclinical and clinical data available for the development of CAR T cells. Further, the advantages and disadvantages of clinical application of anti‐HIV CAR T cells will be discussed.
Nonlinear dynamic response of functionally graded material plates using a high‐order implicit algorithm
Authors: Bourihane Oussama , Hilali Youssef , Mhada Khadija 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the forced nonlinear dynamic behavior of functionally graded material (FGM) plate under external dynamic loads is analyzed by means of a high‐order implicit algorithm. The model is developed using the third‐order shear deformation plate kinematics (TSDT). Unlike previous works, in this contribution, the formulation is written without resorting to any homogenization technique neither rule of mixture nor considering FGM as a laminated composite. To handle integrals in the case of inhomogeneous FGMs, the stress vector is split to four parts and it is written in dimensionless form. The resulting equations of motion are established using the Hamilton principle. Finite element discretization is adopted using a four‐node quadrilateral element with seven degrees of freedom per node. The resolution of the nonlinear equations is made by a high‐order implicit algorithm based on the asymptotic numerical method (ANM) techniques. Numerical comparisons of vibration natural frequencies and dynamic response of FGM plates under external loading with literature and laminate composite modeling results are presented to validate the accuracy and the performance of the proposed model.
Sterile neutrino dark matter in left-right theories
Authors: Dror Jeff A. , Dunsky David , Hall Lawrence J. , Harigaya Keisuke 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
SU(2)L× SU(2)R gauge symmetry requires three right-handed neutrinos (Ni), one of which, N1, can be sufficiently stable to be dark matter. In the early universe, WR exchange with the Standard Model thermal bath keeps the right-handed neutrinos in thermal equilibrium at high temperatures. N1 can make up all of dark matter if they freeze-out while relativistic and are mildly diluted by subsequent decays of a long-lived and heavier right-handed neutrino, N2. We systematically study this parameter space, constraining the symmetry breaking scale of SU(2)R and the mass of N1 to a triangle in the (vR, M1) plane, with vR = (106− 3 × 1012) GeV and M1 = (2 keV–1 MeV). Much of this triangle can be probed by signals of warm dark matter, especially if leptogenesis from N2 decay yields the observed baryon asymmetry. The minimal value of vR is increased to 108 GeV for doublet breaking of SU(2)R, and further to 109 GeV if leptogenesis occurs via N2 decay, while the upper bound on M1 is reduced to 100 keV. In addition, there is a component of hot N1 dark matter resulting from the late decay of N2→ N1ℓ+ℓ− that can be probed by future cosmic microwave background observations. Interestingly, the range of vR allows both precision gauge coupling unification and the Higgs Parity understanding of the vanishing of the Standard Model Higgs quartic at scale vR. Finally, we study freeze-in production of N1 dark matter via the WR interaction, which allows a much wider range of (vR, M1).