bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated LC–MS and GC–MS-based untargeted metabolomics studies of the effect of azadirachtin on Bactrocera dorsalis larvae
Authors: Zhou You , Qin De Qiang , Zhang Pei Wen , Chen Xiao Tian , Liu Ben Ju , Cheng Dong Mei , Zhang Zhi Xiang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAzadirachtin exhibits excellent bioactivities against several hundred arthropods. However, current knowlege of its biochemical effect on B. dorsalis larvae is not deep enough. In this study, integrated LC-MS and GC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics were used to analyze the changes of endogenous metabolites and the biochemical effects of azadirachtin on B. dorsalis larvae. Azadirachtin has excellent bioactivities against B. dorsalis larvae in this study, leading to a longer developmental duration, lower survival rate, and low pupa weight. The effect of azadirachtin was investigated on a total of 22 and 13 differentially abundant metabolites in the LC–MS and GC–MS-based metabolomics results, are selected respectively. Pathway analysis indicated that 14 differentially enriched metabolic pathways, including seven influential pathways, are worthy of attention. Further integrated key metabolic pathway analysis showed that histidine metabolism, d-glutamine and d-glutamate metabolism, biotin metabolism, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism in B. dorsalis larvae are significantly relevant pathways affected by azadirachtin. Although extrapolating the bioactivity results in this study to the practical project of B. dorsalis pest management in the field has limitations, it was found that azadirachtin has a significant effect on the primary metabolism of B. dorsalis larvae.
The importance of first impression judgements in interspecies interactions
Authors: Clark Laura , Butler Kevin , Ritchie Kay L. , Maréchal Laëtitia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractClose human-wildlife interactions are rapidly growing, particularly due to wildlife tourism popularity. Using both laboratory and ecological observation studies we explored potential interspecies communication signalling mechanisms underpinning human-animal approach behaviour, which to date have been unclear. First impression ratings (n = 227) of Barbary macaques’ social and health traits were related to the macaques’ facial morphology and their observed behaviour supporting a shared facial signalling system in primates. These ratings significantly predicted intended approach to the macaques during hypothetical interactions. Finally, real-world interspecies proximity was observed and found to be best predicted by the interaction between human first impression perception and animal behaviour. Specifically, perceived macaque health in interaction with actual macaque dominance drives close interactions despite human proclivity to avoid dominant animals, raising safety concerns in interspecies interactions.
Ranking the invasions of cheaters in structured populations
Authors: Yang Guoli , Cavaliere Matteo , Zhu Cheng , Perc Matjaž 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe identification of the most influential individuals in structured populations is an important research question, with many applications across the social and natural sciences. Here, we study this problem in evolutionary populations on static networks, where invading cheaters can lead to the collapse of cooperation. We propose six strategies to rank the invading cheaters and identify those which mostly facilitate the collapse of cooperation. We demonstrate that the type of successful rankings depend on the selection strength, the underlying game, and the network structure. We show that random ranking has generally little ability to successfully identify invading cheaters, especially for the stag-hunt game in scale-free networks and when the selection strength is strong. The ranking based on degree can successfully identify the most influential invaders when the selection strength is weak, while more structured rankings perform better at strong selection. Scale-free networks and strong selection are generally detrimental to the performance of the random ranking, but they are beneficial for the performance of structured rankings. Our research reveals how to identify the most influential invaders using statistical measures in structured communities, and it demonstrates how their success depends on population structure, selection strength, and on the underlying game dynamics.
Small-worldness favours network inference in synthetic neural networks
Authors: García Rodrigo A. , Martí Arturo C. , Cabeza Cecilia , Rubido Nicolás 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA main goal in the analysis of a complex system is to infer its underlying network structure from time-series observations of its behaviour. The inference process is often done by using bi-variate similarity measures, such as the cross-correlation (CC) or mutual information (MI), however, the main factors favouring or hindering its success are still puzzling. Here, we use synthetic neuron models in order to reveal the main topological properties that frustrate or facilitate inferring the underlying network from CC measurements. Specifically, we use pulse-coupled Izhikevich neurons connected as in the Caenorhabditis elegans neural networks as well as in networks with similar randomness and small-worldness. We analyse the effectiveness and robustness of the inference process under different observations and collective dynamics, contrasting the results obtained from using membrane potentials and inter-spike interval time-series. We find that overall, small-worldness favours network inference and degree heterogeneity hinders it. In particular, success rates in C. elegans networks – that combine small-world properties with degree heterogeneity – are closer to success rates in Erdös-Rényi network models rather than those in Watts-Strogatz network models. These results are relevant to understand better the relationship between topological properties and function in different neural networks.
Hinged-3D metamaterials with giant and strain-independent Poisson’s ratios
Authors: Shaat Mohamed , Wagih Ahmed 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCurrent designs of artificial metamaterials with giant Poisson’s ratios proposed microlattices that secrete the transverse displacement nonlinearly varies with the longitudinal displacement, and the Poisson’s ratio depends on the applied strain (i.e., tailorable Poisson’s ratio). Whereas metamaterials with tailorable Poisson’s ratios would find many important applications, the design of a metamaterial with a giant Poisson’s ratio that is constant over all the material deformation range has been a major challenge. Here, we develop a new class of bimaterial-3D-metamaterials with giant and strain-independent Poisson’s ratios (i.e., Poisson’s ratio is constant over the entire deformation range). The unit cell is 3D assembled of hinged-struts. Specially designed spherical hinges were utilized to give constant Poisson’s ratios. This new class of metamaterials has been demonstrated by means of experimental and numerical mechanics. 15 material samples were 3D printed by Stereolithography (SLA) and tested. We revealed a robust anisotropy dependence of the Poisson’s ratio. A giant negative Poisson’s ratio of −16 was obtained utilizing a highly anisotropic unit cell of dissimilar materials and stiffnesses. Materials with giant and strain-independent Poisson’s ratios provide a new class of artificial metamaterials, which would be used to optimize the performance of many existing devices, e.g., strain amplifiers and gauges.
Comparative analysis of inflammatory signature profiles in eosinophilic and noneosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis
Authors: Yao Yao , Yang Chunguang , Yi Xing , Xie Shaobing , Sun Hong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) represents a heterogeneous disorder that can be classified into either eosinophilic or noneosinophilic endotypes. However, the immunological mechanisms of each remain unclear. The purpose of the present study was to compare and analyze inflammatory signatures of eosinophilic CRSwNP (ECRSwNP) and noneosinophilic CRSwNP (NECRSwNP). Cytokine antibody array was used to identify inflammatory mediators that were differentially expressed among ECRSwNP, NECRSwNP, and control groups. Then, bioinformatics approaches were conducted to explore biological functions and signaling pathways. In addition, pairwise correlation analyses were performed among differential levels of inflammatory mediators and tissue eosinophil infiltration. The results showed that nine mediators were significantly up-regulated in ECRSwNP, including eotaxin-2, eotaxin-3, CCL18, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, and IL-15. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that these mediators were mainly enriched in leukocyte chemotaxis and proliferation, JAK-STAT cascade, asthma, and Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation. Furthermore, seven mediators were identified to be significantly up-regulated in NECRSwNP, including CCL20, resistin, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1), CD14, glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor related protein (GITR), and lipocalin-2. These mediators were closely associated with LPS responses, neutrophil chemotaxis and migration, and IL-17 signaling pathway. In addition, pairwise correlation analyses indicated that differential levels of inflammatory mediators in ECRSwNP and NECRSwNP were broadly correlated with each other and with tissue eosinophil infiltration. In conclusion, we found that ECRSwNP and NECRSwNP exhibited different patterns of inflammatory signatures. These findings may provide further insights into heterogeneity of CRSwNP.
π-Helix controls activity of oxygen-sensing diguanylate cyclases
Authors: Walker Johnnie A. , Wu Yuqi , Potter Jacob R. , Weinert Emily E. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The ability of organisms to sense and adapt to oxygen levels in their environment leads to changes in cellular phenotypes, including biofilm formation and virulence. Globin coupled sensors (GCSs) are a family of heme proteins that regulate diverse functions in response to O2 levels, including modulating synthesis of cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP), a bacterial second messenger that regulates biofilm formation. While GCS proteins have been demonstrated to regulate O2-dependent pathways, the mechanism by which the O2 binding event is transmitted from the globin domain to the cyclase domain is unknown. Using chemical cross-linking and subsequent liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, diguanylate cyclase (DGC)-containing GCS proteins from Bordetella pertussis (BpeGReg) and Pectobacterium carotovorum (PccGCS) have been demonstrated to form direct interactions between the globin domain and a middle domain π-helix. Additionally, mutation of the π-helix caused major changes in oligomerization and loss of DGC activity. Furthermore, results from assays with isolated globin and DGC domains found that DGC activity is affected by the cognate globin domain, indicating unique interactions between output domain and cognate globin sensor. Based on these studies a compact GCS structure, which depends on the middle domain π-helix for orienting the three domains, is needed for DGC activity and allows for direct sensor domain interactions with both middle and output domains to transmit the O2 binding signal. The insights from the present study improve our understanding of DGC regulation and provide insight into GCS signaling that may lead to the ability to rationally control O2-dependent GCS activity.
The Power of Story in Identity Renegotiation: Clinical Approaches to Supporting Persons Living With Aphasia
Authors: Strong Katie A. , Shadden Barbara B. 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThis clinical focus article provides an overview of the relationship between narrative, identity, and social co-construction for persons with aphasia and of narrative treatment approaches targeting identity renegotiation. The intent is to provide speech-language pathologists (SLPs) with background on how these key concepts fit within the Life Participation Approach to Aphasia and to empower them to consider engaging in personal narrative co-construction with their clients. The idea of narrative identity is supported by the Living with Aphasia: Framework for Outcome Measurement, particularly within the Personal domain. A focus on identity through the co-construction of small and big stories can help SLPs prioritize supporting those living with aphasia in moving on with aphasia as part of their story. Emphasis is placed upon the interaction and relationship between the SLP and the client as critical to the social reconstruction and validation of identity through support of shared personal narratives. The PULSE framework is introduced as a foundation for supporting narrative and identity in clinical work with individuals living with aphasia. Evidence-based life story–focused interventions are reviewed.ConclusionStories are powerful tools in moving life forward post stroke and aphasia. Supporting the development of personal narratives that allow identity reconstruction falls within the scope of Life Participation Approach to Aphasia and the Living with Aphasia: Framework for Outcome Measurement. SLPs are well suited to support identity renegotiation in persons with aphasia through narrative construction.
Global alignments of parsec-scale AGN radio jets and their polarization planes
Authors: Blinov D. , Casadio C. , Mandarakas N. , Angelakis E. 
Published: February 2020

Context. A number of works have reported that the polarization plane of extragalactic sources as well as the structural axes of radio sources are aligned on the large scale. However, both the claims and their interpretation remain controversial.
Aims. For the first time, we explore the alignment of parsec-scale jets. Additionally, we use archival polarimetric data at different wavelengths in order to compare the relative orientations of the jets and the polarization planes of their emission.
Methods. Using the flux density distribution in very long baseline interferometry radio maps from the Astrogeo database, we determine the parsec-scale jet orientation for the largest sample of active galactic nuclei to date. Employing the method of parallel transport and a sample statistics characterizing the jet orientation dispersion among neighbors, we test whether the identified jets are significantly aligned.
Results. We show that the parsec-scale jets in our sample do not demonstrate any significant global alignments. Moreover, the jet direction is found to be weakly correlated with the direction of the polarization plane at different frequencies.
Incontinentia pigmenti – eine seltene Differenzialdiagnose bei Neugeborenen
Authors: von Dücker L. , Anemüller W. 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungEin neugeborenes Mädchen afghanischer Eltern wurde noch am Tag der Geburt mit der Verdachtsdiagnose einer kongenitalen Herpesinfektion in die Kinderklinik überwiesen. Das ansonsten gesunde Kind wies bereits bei Geburt schuppende und vesikulöse Hautveränderungen auf. Die Eltern waren Cousine und Cousin und hatten noch 3 gesunde Töchter und 2 gesunde Söhne. Im Verlauf der nächsten Tage zeigten sich bei dem Neugeborenen Papeln und lineare Hyperpigmentierungen. Das histologische Bild zeigte eine eosinophile Spongiose. In der Gesamtschau kamen wir zur Diagnose einer Incontinentia pigmenti. Bei erneuter Befragung berichtete die Mutter von 2 Aborten mit männlichen Feten. Bei der körperlichen Untersuchung der gesamten Familie fielen bei der Mutter hypopigmentierte, striäre Flecken und Plaques an den Unterschenkeln auf, typisch für das späte Stadium einer Incontinentia pigmenti.
Pflegerische Nachsorge in der Alterspsychiatrie
Authors: Göhring Achim , Finsterle Karin , Boßler Barbara 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungWenn ältere Patienten aus der Psychiatrie entlassen werden, sind sie und ihre Angehörigen oft auf sich allein gestellt. Um die Versorgungssituation zu Hause sicher zu gestalten und Versorgungsbrüche zu vermeiden, wurde am Zentrum für Psychiatrie Südwürttemberg das Projekt „Pflegerische Nachsorge in der Alterspsychiatrie“ gestartet.
Aktuelle Forschungsbemühungen zur Neuroprotektion, Verlauf und Behandlung eines Glaukoms
Authors: Jacobi Anne , van Zyl Tavé 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDas Glaukom ist eine neurodegenerative Erkrankung, die mit der Zeit zu irreversibler Erblindung führt. Als bestimmendes Merkmal hier gilt der Verlust von retinalen Ganglienzellen (RGZ) im Auge und ihrer Axone im Sehnerv. Ein erhöhter Augeninnendruck (intraokularer Druck, IOD) gilt als Hauptrisikofaktor für die Entstehung eines Glaukoms, jedoch zeigt sich, dass dieser weder notwendig noch ausreichend für die Entstehung und das Fortschreiten der Erkrankung ist. Dies hat die Forschung und Entwicklung neuer Strategien zur Erkennung und Behandlung von Glaukomen mit dem Schwerpunkt auf Neuroprotektion – dem Schutz von RGZs vor dem Sterben – motiviert. Zusätzlich ist es im Bereich der Diagnose und Behandlung durch eine Reduktion des IOD in den letzten Jahren zur Entwicklung neuer Herangehensweisen gekommen. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die zurzeit gängigen Theorien der pathophysiologischen Mechanismen, die einer Entstehung eines Glaukoms zugrunde liegen, sowie neuester Forschungsbemühungen mit Fokus auf Neuroprotektion und aktueller präklinischer und klinischer Studien, um eine Diagnose und Therapie des Glaukoms zu verbessern.
Neuroprotektion und Regeneration im Zentralnervensystem
Authors: Höltje Markus , Boato Francesco 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Entwicklung neuroprotektiver und regenerativer Therapieansätze im Zentralnervensystem (ZNS) stellt eine große Herausforderung in der klinischen und grundlagenbasierten Forschung dar. Im Gegensatz zum peripheren Nervensystem, das eine vergleichsweise hohe intrinsische Regenerationsfähigkeit zeigt, ist diese Eigenschaft im adulten ZNS nur schwach ausgeprägt. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit sollen einige grundlegende Wachstumsmechanismen zentralnervöser Neurone beleuchtet werden, ebenso wie Faktoren, die einer erfolgreichen Regeneration nach Schädigung entgegenstehen. Vorwiegend im Kontext der Glaukomerkrankung werden präklinische und klinische Studien vorgestellt, die das Verständnis neurodegenerativer Vorgänge im optischen System verbessern und somit die Grundlagen für aktuelle und zukünftige Therapiestrategien liefern können.
A Questionnaire-Based Survey to Assess the Knowledge and Awareness of Denture Staining in Complete Denture Wearers
Authors: Cooper Pervez , Hegde Rakshith , Hegde Chethan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Knowledge of denture hygiene and staining is of importance for the edentulous patient to maintain a clean and hygienic prosthesis. However, many patients lack this basic knowledge. This survey aims at assessing the level of awareness among patients for the same.
Objective The aim and objective of this article are (1) to assess the knowledge of denture wearers on denture hygiene and maintenance, and (2) to gauge the awareness of denture wearers on denture staining.
Sample Selection Study sample will be consisting of 100 completely edentulous patients reporting to the Department of Prosthodontics in A. B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences.
Results Majority of the patients lacked proper education with regards to complete denture staining and hygiene maintenance and also lacked the proper motivation to carry out denture hygiene maintenance practices on a daily basis.
Factors Influencing Hearing Aid Adoption
Authors: Jorgensen Lindsey , Novak Michelle 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the field of audiology, change is inevitable: changes in technologies with hearing devices, changes in consumer knowledge, and changes in consumer-driven solutions. With these changes, the audiologist must adapt to meet the needs of the consumer. There are potential predictors that the audiologist could use to determine who is more likely to pursue and use amplification; by using these data, the audiologists may increase their productivity and increase patient satisfaction. The goal of this article is to investigate the MarkeTrak 10 (MT10) data to determine the trends in adoption and use of hearing aids as well as examine predictive factors that can be used to determine hearing aid adoption.
MarkeTrak 10 (MT10) Survey Results Demonstrate High Satisfaction with and Benefits from Hearing Aids
Authors: Picou Erin M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this article is threefold. First, it is to evaluate current rates of hearing aid satisfaction, in addition to the examination of factors that influence satisfaction rates. A second purpose is to evaluate the effects of hearing aid use on mental health and quality of life, from the consumer perspective. The third purpose of this article is to review the current status of the market in terms of usage and ownership. The usage statistics from MarkeTrak 10 answer questions such as what is the most common type of hearing aid style. And what types of hearing aid features are popular? The results of the usage statistics provide not only insight into the satisfaction and quality-of-life metrics but also information about marketplace trends. By fulfilling these purposes, strengths and weaknesses of the current hearing aid marketplace can be determined, guiding future technological and clinical practice developments. Survey results demonstrate the continued dominance of mini-BTE (behind the ear) hearing aids and high popularity of features, including wireless capabilities. Overall satisfaction rates are encouragingly high, driven by satisfaction with BTE instruments, especially those acquired in the past 5 years. Noted areas for improvement continue to be related to listening in noise and patient understanding of their hearing aids. Given the high levels of noted satisfaction, it is not surprising that the sample revealed significant hearing aid benefits, notably in a lower risk for depression, higher satisfaction listening in almost all environments, and improved quality of life on a regular basis. Together, these data provide insights into the factors that drive satisfaction, encourage industrial and scientific advancements in the identified areas of weakness, and paint a bright picture of the hearing aid market from the consumer perspective.
Separatists or terrorists? Jews or Nigerians?
Authors: Chiluwa Innocent , Chiluwa Isioma M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study adopts a discourse analytical approach to examine the contested identity of the Igbos of the southeast of Nigeria. It analyses the significance of the social and political discourses in the media and the Internet about their claim to the Jewish ancestry and as “Biafrans” rather than Nigerians. The study highlights the implications of these claims and their larger political implications for Nigeria. The study also shows that ideological construction of group identity by IPOB consistently portrays them as the victim and the marginalized. And their claim to Jewish ancestry is possibly a way of seeking foreign support.