bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser Profilometry Aiding Smart Vehicle Control
Authors: Patruno Cosimo , Marani Roberto , Nitti Massimiliano , D’Orazio Tiziana , Stella Ettore 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this paper a fast method based on laser triangulation for the estimation of the pose of a mobile robot is presented. The system is made of a camera and a laser source, placed on the front side of a robot, the Smoov ASRV, which is an autonomous vehicle able to carry, store and retrieve pallets in a smart warehouse constituted by metallic shelves. Therefore, the movements of the robot are constrained into allowed paths made of rails, arranged with several apertures that allow the robot change of direction. The processing of the acquired images is directly done on board by means of a low-cost single-board computer, namely the Raspberry Pi. This last is able to extract the information about the distance and the heading of the robot with respect to the rail boundary by analyzing the laser line lying in the camera plane; then, the extracted information expressed in the 3D reference system are sent via User Datagram Protocol to the control system of the vehicle. Results show how the information given by the proposed vision system are provided in a more efficient way with respect to the inductive sensors and the classic odometry, which fail when the robot crosses the structural rail apertures or its wheels suffer from unavoidable slippage.
Particle characterization system for industrial and naval applications
Authors: Ebert Eric , Domke Kay , Kröger Willfried , Damaschke Nils Andreas 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Interferometric Particle Imaging (IPI) technique was modified and adapted to provide particle size and particle concentration measurements in harsh environments. The development was forced by the challenge of nuclei concentration measurement in cavitation tunnels and full scale measurements in the wake flow of a vessel. Because only bubbles act as cavitation nuclei, discrimination between bubbles and other solid particles in the multi-phase flow is necessary. The size measurement and classification and can be realized by defocussed imaging and analysis of the scattered light from particles. A few measurement results demonstrate the feasibility of the new developed Nuclei Concentration Measurement (HDNC) technique and there advantages in terms of robustness, moderate hardware effort and reduced measurement time.
Development of a Focal Point Positioning System for Laser Sensing Instruments using Galvano Mirrors and Tunable Lens
Authors: Ikezawa Satoshi , Ueda Toshitsugu 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We developed a focal positioning system for laser sensing instruments. The positioning system consists of x- and y-axis galvano mirrors and a high-speed response tunable lens. It allows for quick adjustment of the measuring position with high resolution and repeatability afforded by the galvano mirrors, which enable the plotting of 10,000 focal points per second, and the tunable lens, which allows adjustment of the focal length within 2.5 ms (10%–90% step). For laser measurements, the location information of the laser spot on the sample is the key parameter to determine the quantitative difference in chemical compositions at different locations. Furthermore, if the sample changes location systematically with some temporal variation, quick correction before changing the default position is required to prevent missing the target. The laser spot positioning system we present here can play an important role in obtaining multi-plot measurements for complicated surface topologies and dynamic micro-samples.
Dual Slope Direct Digital Converter for Bridge Connected Resistive Sensors
Authors: N Ponnalagu R. , George Boby , V Jagadeesh Kumar 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A dual slope direct digital converter (DSDDC) suitable for resistive sensor elements already connected in a bridge form is presented. A conventional dual slope analog to digital converter (DS-ADC) is altered with an intentionally introduced instrumentation amplifier (INA) to realize the proposed DDC. The DSDDC accepts bridge connected resistive sensor elements as input and provides a digital output that is proportional to the quantity being sensed by the sensor elements. The results obtained from simulation of the proposed DSDDC indicate a worst case error in the output to be < ±0.03 %. Experimental results from a prototype unit, presented herein, demonstrate the practicality the scheme. Worst case error of the prototype unit was found to be < ±0.07 % with test conducted using standard decade resistance boxes emulating the sensor elements. The worst case error in the prototype was < ±0.05 % when tested with a load-cell made of four strain gauges.
A multi-wavelength discriminating sensor with a wireless mote interface for aquatic pollution monitoring
Authors: O’Connell Eoin , O’Keeffe Sinead , Newe Thomas , Lewis Elfed , Meere Damien 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The system presented in this paper demonstrates how a novel fibre optic based sensing platform, capable of detecting minute changes in the level of impurity in a liquid, can be incorporated onto a Mote based platform enabling real time monitoring of a body of water. How these features can be used to detect a representative sample of chlorophyll within a aquatic environment, will be demonstrated. Systems currently deployed worldwide include satellite mapping technology and high cost water monitoring platforms. Growing international emphasis on the management of water quality is giving rise to an expansion of the international market for novel robust, miniaturized, intelligent water monitoring systems capable of measuring local environmentally detrimental events such as localised small scale chemical pollution.
In Situ Monitoring of Temperature Rise in Friction Surface Using Ultrasonic Technique
Authors: Ihara I. , Aoki S. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this work, the feasibility of the use of ultrasonic thermometry for in situ monitoring of temperature rise in friction surface has been examined. The ultrasonic thermometry that is a method providing internal temperature measurements by ultrasound is applied to temperature measurements of a friction surface at which temperature rise occurs due to friction, and an attempt is made to demonstrate in situ monitoring of transient variations in the friction surface temperature and temperature distribution beneath the surface. Those temperatures near the friction surface are quantitatively determined by an effective method consisting of ultrasonic pulseecho measurements and a finite difference calculation for estimating a one-dimensional temperature distribution along the direction of ultrasound propagation. The advantage of the method is that no boundary condition at the friction surface is needed. To demonstrate the practical feasibility of the method, the ultrasonic pulse echo measurements at 5 MHz are performed for a steel plate of 30 mm thickness whose single side is being rubbed with a felted fabric plate. The temperature at the friction surface and internal temperature distribution of the steel plate are measured during the rubbing process and the transient variations of the measured temperatures are obtained. Quick temperature rise of approximately 30 K at the friction surface is observed within a few seconds after the rubbing starts. It is noted that the temperatures measured by the ultrasonic method almost agree with those measured using thermocouples inserted into the steel plate. Thus, it has been demonstrated that the ultrasonic thermometry is a promising sensing means for in situ monitoring of temperatures at friction surface as well as beneath the surface.
Physiological bending sensor based on tilt angle loss measurement using dual optical fibre
Authors: Zawawi M. A. , O’Keeffe S. , Lewis E. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the development of an extrinsic optical fibre sensor for continuous measurement of the human spine bending movement based on intensity modulation technique. Using the investigated sensor configuration, the bending angle was measurable in both flexion and extension direction with a maximum range of motion of 18° and -10°, respectively. From the output drift assessment of the sensor, bending accuracy of up to 0.5° was achievable, thus making it suitable for clinical environment application. A divided-beam referencing technique was also implemented in the sensor configuration to compensate for the input power fluctuation and temperature variation.
Thermopile power measurement for heat balance calorimetry
Authors: Johnston Callum M. , Ruddy Bryan P. , Nielsen Poul M. F. , Taberner Andrew J. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Very high resolution power sensors are required for measuring the rate of heat production (~10 μW) of small samples of heart muscle (rat cardiac trabeculae, ~2 mm long and ~200 μm diameter). In this paper, we examine the design criteria for thermopiles to maximize their signal-to-noise ratio for heat balance calorimetry. We found that those thermopiles with a high thermoelectric figure-of-merit (ZT) are the best for power measurements. An initial prototype with a resolution of 53 nW has been built.
Inspection of Solid Dosage Forms using THz Imaging Spectroscopy
Authors: Arnold T. , De Biasio M. , Fritz A. , Leitner R. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The present work describes a laboratory terahertz (THz) imaging spectroscopy system and its possibilities to inspect solid dosage forms in the form of coated tablets and capsules. Moreover, the chemical composition and layer structure of coated pharmaceutical tablets are investigated. These chemical and physical properties of solid dosage forms can be used for the detection of counterfeit drugs. Preliminary results show that THz time domain spectroscopy and imaging is a promising technology for contactless control and analysis of pharmaceutical drug materials and final dosage forms.
Automated Traffic Analysis in Aerial Images
Authors: Hößler Tom , Landgraf Tom 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this work an automated traffic analysis in aerial image sequences recorded by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has been developed, which provides the trajectories of the vehicles especially during overtaking. Methods of photogrammetry and image processing are used to detect the vehicles and to determine and track their positions. Camera calibration is necessary in order to transform image coordinates into world coordinates.
Detection of P300 brain waves using a Magneto- Impedance sensor
Authors: Wang K. , Tajima S. , Asano Y. , Okuda Y. , Hamada N. , Cai C. , Uchiyama T. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We have previously reported a study on brain activity detection in occipital region using a picotesla-scale Magneto- Impedance (MI) sensor. Based on past studies, the target of the present study was to review the performance of MI sensor on parietal region brain activity detection. Human brain magnetic field is extremely weak, in order to detect the faint magnetic field, we constructed an MI measurement system that can cancel out the background noise (e.g., geomagnetic field) instead of using a magnetic shielding. In this study, we recorded P300 brain waves of subjects, compared our results with our past studies and other EEG and MEG data reported previously. The results confirmed the reliability of our data and indicated that the MI sensor can be applied on brain activity detection.
Optimisation of solar power intake for wireless sensor networks at temperate latitudes
Authors: Stevenson-Jones Ralph , Benyezzar Med , Scully Patricia 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In many outdoor locations solar power provides the greatest power densities for energy harvesting to power wireless sensor networks in comparison to other practical alternative such as wind, vibrations or temperature gradients. Since solar power is highly variable with location and time, it is necessary to optimise the sensor nodes for individual locations. Presented here, is an assessment of the solar power availability in Manchester, UK (53°28′N, 2°14′W). Wireless sensor nodes are typically low power devices with intended perpetual operation and thus the temporal distribution of available power is important together with the total amount of energy drawn over a given time period. Here we examine direct and diffuse solar radiation data over a period of three years and present methods for the deployment of solar cells for sensor nodes to optimise sensing and communication scenarios. As local weather conditions are highly variable and stochastic in the medium term, we base the future node performance on the weather from a previous year. From analysis of the weather data, the hardware requirements for the sensor node are then made from the power consumption of the sensor node for sensing, sleep and data transmission. It was found that to maximise the time over which the solar irradiance exceeds that required to power our demonstration sensor node, the solar cell should be positioned horizontally.
Feasibility Evaluation on an Instant Invader Detection System with Ultrasonic Sensors Scattered on the Ground
Authors: Iokibe Ami , Hashimoto Masanori , Onoye Takao 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Increasing interest in security demands privacy- aware security systems, which do not use camera, especially for personal home security. As a candidate for this purpose, this paper presents an instant invader detection system that finds an invader by using small sensor nodes distributed on the ground. Once a sensor node detects a suspicious phenomenon, this information is wirelessly transmitted to the base in the house. This paper, as a first step, evaluates the feasibility of the proposed system in terms of invader detection accuracy and system lifetime. We firstly investigate what sensor can be used and how the sensor should be used for the human detection. Then, for evaluating the proportion of invader detection and necessary energy for sensor nodes, we perform simulations that are based on the measured characteristics of ultrasonic sensors placed on the ground. Experimental results show that the proposed system can attain 99% invader detection while the sensor nodes can survive with a button cell for four years. In addition, this performance can be obtained even with the sensors randomly scattered on the ground, which could contribute to the instant installation of the proposed system.
Palladium Nanotubes for Optical Hydrogen Sensing: The Fabrication and Characterisation of Arrays of Nanostructures
Authors: McAuley M. B. , Murphy A. , Pollard R. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Arrays of freestanding upright palladium nanotubes have been fabricated using a bottom-up method of electrodepositing into anodised alumina pores. Optical transmission measurements carried out with a range of post- fabrication treatment methods suggest that hydrogen diffuses into both the inner and outer surface areas of the tube structure. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy of the same sample before and after cycling hydrogen exposure show that the structures appear undamaged by the repeated lattice expansion.
Study of the sensitivity and stability of a landslide sensor based on magnetic amorphous wires
Authors: Zet Cristian , Foşalău Cristian , Petrişor Daniel 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The paper presents a study on the measurement stability of a landslide sensor based on four magnetic amorphous wire strain gauges used in an Wheatstone bridge configuration. The sensor is aimed for in-situ monitoring using a distributed sensor network. The experiment has been performed in the lab using a test stand, while a time step progressive deformation has been applied to the sensor. Results show a good stability of the measurement and a variable sensitivity with respect to the bending point.
Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis of Steam Traps with Wireless Smart Sensors
Authors: Faria Joana R. C. , Semedo Sónia M. V. , Cardoso Francisco J. A. , Oliveira José 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An autonomous, wireless and self-powered smart sensor is described, addressing the condition monitoring and diagnosis of steam traps, whose performance degradation impairs energy efficiency in most of the process industries. The diagnostic criteria in the two possible failure modes of steam traps are presented, as well as the structure and technologies of the embedded devices for sensing, communication, and power supply, special attention being paid to the capability to run the system on the thermoelectric energy gathered from local pipes. Also, a platform supporting the integration of ‘field’ devices in large numbers is presented, which may address the data requirements in the scope of Asset Management.
Development of Miniature Modular Digital Altimeter
Authors: Fratila Cristina Maria , Tickle Andrew Jason 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Altimetry is defined as the method of measuring heights above sea level. Measuring height has been achieved by various methodologies in the past, ranging from U-shaped columns of mercury or water, sealed pressurized balloons of air or more modern approaches such as the Global Positioning System (GPS). However, all these methods are either quite bulky or power hungry and so a low cost, light weight unit would be useful for various applications. Shown here is a small microprocessor controlled system that utilizes an air pressure sensor that can be adjusted to the current air pressure, run off a 6 Volt source and the height displayed on a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) screen. This allows it to be used as a standalone module or integrated into a much larger system. This includes applications such as robotics and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to personal handheld units for use in leisure activities or by security or rescue personnel.
Linear and Angular Position Sensing for Two- Degrees-of-Freedom Motor
Authors: Kanno Yoshiki , Sato Yasukazu 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A linear and rotational two-degrees-of-freedom switched reluctance motor (2DOF-SRM) has been developed to independently control linear and rotational actuation on one actuator. The 2DOF-SRM drive system requires information on the linear and angular positions of the rotor for its control. The approximate angular position of the prototype 2DOF-SRM rotor was detected by the built-in photo-switches that utilize the salient pole of the rotor as the sensor target. The linear position of the rotor was detected by an external linear position sensor mechanically connected to the output shaft. To simplify this sensing system and improve sensing resolution, this paper presents a noncontact optical sensing method to simultaneously detect linear and angular positions of an actuating 2DOF-SRM rotor. The sensing principle for detecting the combined linear and rotational motion of the 2DOF-SRM and the performance of the linear and angular position sensing system are reported.
Modeling and Prediction of Surface Water Contamination using On-line Sensor Data
Authors: Anyachebelu Tochukwu K. , Conrad Marc , Ajmal Tahmina 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Water contamination is a great disadvantage to humans and aquatic life. Maintaining the aesthetics and quality of water bodies is a priority for environmental stake holders. The water quality sensor data can be analyzed over a period of time to give an indication of pollution incidents and could be a useful forecasting tool. Here we show our initial finding from statistical analysis on such sensor data from one of the lakes of the river Lea, south of Luton. Our initial work shows patterns which will form the basis for our forecasting model.
Annealing Effect on the Structural and Optical properties of SiOx films deposited by HFCVD: Features for its possible use as Optical Sensor
Authors: Luna López J. A. , Benítez Lara A. , García Salgado G. , de la Luz D. Hernández , Pacio M. , Sanchez A. Morales , Garcia S. A. Perez 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Non-stoichiometric silicon oxide (SiOx) with embedded Si nanoparticles (Si-nps) shows novel physical characteristic, which permits its use in optoelectronic devices as photodetectors and light emitters. In this work, a detailed analysis of the structural and optical properties of silicon rich oxide films deposited via hot filament chemical vapor deposition is done. SiOx films with different Si content were obtained at different hydrogen flow. FTIR spectra show vibrational bands related to the presence of hydrogen in as-deposited SiOx films. This band is more intense as the hydrogen flow is increased, but disappears after thermal annealing. SiOx films exhibit a broad photoluminiscence (PL) spectra with main peaks at 700 and 750 nm. The PL band at 700 nm is enhanced as the hydrogen content in the SiOx films is increased. XPS spectra show a high Si concentration and a low oxygen concentration in the SiOx films. Transmittance spectra have a shifted to high wavelength after thermal annealing, and optical band gap was from 2.34 to 3.95 eV.
Analyzing and Processing EEG-based Multichannel Signals Acquired during Sleeping
Authors: Vergallo P. , Lay-Ekuakille A. , Giannocaro N.I. , Trabacca A. , Porta R. Della , De Rinaldis M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Processing of signals acquired from sensor systems needs accurate algorithms to extract information of interest concerning the problem under study. In this work Empirical Mode Decomposition method is used on EEG signals obtained during polysomnography examination, when electromyographic (EMG) signals are acquired too. EMD method decomposes a signal into components named Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMF) which can exhibit important time-frequency information related to signals under observation. Since EEG signals are obtained from multiple electrodes, the problem is addressed to processing of signals acquired from multiple channels according to sensor array techniques. The objective of this work is to define an automatic method to detect transient event, changes of sleep stage in EEG signals which can allow an evaluation of the state of the patient. In this first step we analyze and process EEG signals through EMD method to remove EMG contributes. The obtained results are encouraging in the definition of a future multivariate approach to quantify brain activity by evaluating correlation of the IMFs calculated for each channel.
WSN and M2M for cycling performance assessment
Authors: Barreiro José , Postolache Octavian , Passos Pedro 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Cycling assessment to increase performance during sport training is an important issue. In this article presents a wireless sensor network including multi-sensing channels for dynamic and cinematic measurement during cycling training. The Smart Mountain Bike is a system that includes the bicycle and the associated sports equipment, such as gloves, shoes and chest strap. The system is characterized by sensing channels as part of wireless sensor network which base station is expressed by embedded computer and a 3G/UMTS shield which permit the data communication with a cloud server. The data stored on the server is accessed through a mobile application that analyzes and correlates all user information and allows data visualization with a friendly graphical interface.