bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soft Magnetic Pillars to Secure an Upper Airway for the Relief of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Kim Hyunjong , Sung Chung Man , Ju Hunpyo , Park Hyeongoh , Jeong Jinmo , Nam Kwang Il , Yang Hyung Chae , Lee Jongho 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe inherent mechanical properties of soft structures allow fragile objects to be safely manipulated without the need for precise force control. Soft structures and driving mechanisms are employed in applications ranging from gripping and locomotion to biomedical devices. Such soft structures can be especially beneficial for manipulating excessively relaxed live soft human tissue, to relieve discomfort or medical conditions. An example is obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), where soft tissue narrows or blocks the upper airway while sleeping, causing difficulty breathing. In this paper, an approach to relieve OSA using injectable soft magnetic pillars paired with a removable magnet holder that can be worn while sleeping to secure the upper airway is reported. The approach provides an alternative to currently available treatments that may cause inconveniences such as difficulty swallowing, protrusion through soft tissue, repetitive surgeries, or sleep disruption. Experimental results and computational studies are used to determine the necessary degree of pulling force and distance, which can be adjusted by controlling the number of implanted soft magnetic pillars and external magnetic field strength. Further experiments using cadavers demonstrate the opening of the upper airway confirming the feasibility of the approach.
Temperature Effect of Plasmonic Circular Dichroism in Dynamic Oligomers of AuNR@Ag Nanorods Driven by Cysteine: The Role of Surface Atom Migration
Authors: Meng Dejing , Chen Yuandong , Ji Yinglu , Shi Xinghua , Wang Hui , Wu Xiaochun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAchieving huge chiroptical responses is one of the driving forces for the applications of plasmonic metamaterials. Heat‐assisted symmetry breaking can amplify plasmonic circular dichroism (PCD) signals in Au nanorod (AuNR) oligomers; however, the PCD responses disappear on Ag‐exposed surface (AuNR@Ag core‐shell nanorods) at high temperature. Thus, the inherent reason of different chiral response between Au‐ and Ag‐surface nanorods oligomers is explored, and the chiral mechanism is further cognized. The enhanced mobility of surface Ag atoms at elevated temperatures leads to the damage of cysteine chiral networks on Ag surface. It therefore causes great reduction of chiral drive forces, thus restricting the PCD temperature amplification effect to a lower annealing temperature, compared to their Au‐exposed counterparts. In addition, the PCD signals of the AuNR@Ag oligomers show a pH‐dependent on‐off behavior, substantiating the dominant role of chiral network. In addition, density functional theory simulation and relevant experiments reveal facet‐dependent chiral response of Ag and Au oligomers. Then, Au–Ag alloy shells can suppress Ag atoms migration; the chiral network and PCD temperature amplification effect can exist in high temperature. The findings reveal the importance of understanding interface ligands, plasmonic nanoparticles, and their interactions in the rational design of chiral assemblies composed of plasmonic nano‐units.
Planarized and Compact Light Scattering Layers Based on Disordered Titania Nanopillars for Light Extraction in Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Donie Yidenekachew J. , Theobald Dominik , Moghadamzadeh Somayeh , Mertens Adrian , Hossain Ihteaz M. , Paetzold Ulrich W. , Lemmer Uli , Gomard Guillaume 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this work, the extraction of waveguided and substrate modes in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) is improved by using compact light scattering layers composed of a disordered 2D array of TiO2 nanopillars. The TiO2 nanopillars are fabricated by combining a self‐assembly and a solvent‐assisted lift‐off process, and are further planarized by a 250 nm thin epoxy‐based photoresist layer to facilitate their anode deposition and integration within the OLED stack. This fabrication route allows engineering internal light outcoupling elements with a limited amount of parasitic absorption and with easily tunable light scattering properties that are effective over a broad spectral and angular range. Taking the example of a monochromatic bottom emitting OLED ( = 520 nm), the authors demonstrate an efficiency enhancement of +22%rel upon the incorporation of the planarized light extraction layer as well as ameliorated angular emission characteristics. This approach can be integrated in a high‐throughput fabrication routine and straightforwardly extended to other OLED layouts.
Recent Achievements in the Rhodium‐Catalyzed Concise Construction of Medium N‐Heterocycles, Azepines and Azocines
Authors: Ouyang Wensen , Rao Jianhang , Li Yibiao , Liu Xiaohang , Huo Yanping , Chen Qian , Li Xianwei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMedium N‐heterocycles, azepines and azocines, serve as important skeletons that occurred widely in natural products, however, due to the lack of efficient synthetic methodologies, their application potential in biologically active molecules, pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals remained to be explored. In this context, rhodium catalysis in this field featured good reactivity and functional group tolerance, with readily available starting materials, and enabled rapid access to the azepines and azocines. Delightfully, great achievements in the concise construction of these 7 and 8‐membered N‐heterocycles under rhodium catalysis have been made, which mainly included cycloisomerization of unsaturated C−X bonds (which might also combine the ring‐opening strategy on strained rings), metal carbenoid or nitrene insertion involved transformations and direct C−H activation reactions. Considering the great performance of rhodium catalyst in the synthesis of azepines and azocines, herein, we summarized the recent results in this field, and wish to give further insight and inspired more encouraging methodologies and new drug discovery based on these 7 and 8‐membered N‐heterocycles.magnified image
Gold‐Catalyzed Bicyclic and [3+2]‐Annulations of Internal Propargyl Alcohols with Nitrones and Imines To Yield to Two Distinct Heterocycles
Authors: More Sayaji Arjun , Chao Tzu‐Hsuan , Cheng Mu‐Jeng , Liu Rai‐Shung 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA gold‐catalyzed synthesis of 1,3‐dihydrooxazolo[3,4‐a]indoles from 1‐oxo‐3‐yn‐4‐ols and nitrones is described; this new bicyclic annulation presents the first examples that internal alkynes can react with nitrones to undergo an oxoarylation route. DFT calculations indicate a [3,3]‐sigmatropic shift of initial alkenylgold intermediates to elude the intermediacy of gold carbenes. We also developed new [3+2]‐annulations of the same 1‐oxo‐3‐yn‐4‐ols with imines, yielding oxazolidin‐4‐ylidene derivatives efficiently. The tethered alcohols of these 1‐oxo‐3‐ynes allow trapping of their metastable 2‐azadienium intermediates to enable a novel annulation. Our mechanistic analysis indicates that the two products, despite their structural relevance, are produced from two independent systems.magnified image
Metal–Organic Framework‐Derived Anode and Polyaniline Chain Networked Cathode with Mesoporous and Conductive Pathways for High Energy Density, Ultrafast Rechargeable, and Long‐Life Hybrid Capacitors
Authors: Ock Il Woo , Lee Jiyoung , Kang Jeung Ku 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHybrid lithium‐ion energy storage devices are promising for future applications, but their anodes and cathodes still have structural limitations, for example, accommodating rich cationic/anionic reactions, rapid charge movement, and long cycle life. Herein, high‐capacity/high‐rate anode and cathode structures are developed to overcome these challenges. Molybdenum oxide (MoO2)‐implanted carbon frameworks making conductive carbon bonds with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) shells are developed as anode structures by forming mesoporous channels for fast lithium‐ion transport, carbon‐rGO pathways for facile electron conduction, and ultrafine MoO2 units for high capacity. The operando X‐ray diffraction and kinetics analyses reveal that lithium‐ion insertion and extraction occur via capacitive and diffusion‐controlled reactions. Also, polyaniline (PANI) chains are elongated on rGO sheets through in situ polymerization to form crosslinked polyaniline chain‐integrated rGO as cathode structures. These display multiporosity for rapid anion transport, N‐doping sites for high capacity, and π–π bonding between PANI and rGO for electron conduction and cycle stability. Moreover, hybrid capacitors configured by this anode and cathode allow for the exploitation of battery‐type and pseudocapacitive reactions, as demonstrated by their extremely high energy density (up to 242 Wh kg−1), ultrafast chargeable power density (up to 28 750 W kg−1), and long‐life stability over 10 000 cycles.
Nitrogen partitioning traits and expression patterns of N metabolism‐associated genes in maize hybrids with contrasting N utilization efficiencies
Authors: Li Xiangling , Ji Pengtao , Zhou Baoyuan , Dong Weixin , Zhang Lei , Xiao Kai , Yin Baozhong , Zhang Yuechen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe nitrogen (N) uptake and utilization in maize (Zea mays L.) plants are accomplished through a series of biochemical reactions and transformations involving the N assimilation enzymes. Nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) exert important functions in the N assimilation and remobilization processes. The mechanisms underlying plant N partitioning and the associated expression patterns of NR and GS genes in maize hybrids with different N utilization efficiencies were still not clear. In this study, the expression of ZmNR and ZmGS genes that are related to N partitioning were analyzed in two maize hybrids (XY335 and HN138). Results showed that XY335 displayed higher grain yield, kernel numbers, shoot N uptake, and physiological N utilization efficiency (NUtE) than those shown in HN138 under low‐N conditions. The higher post‐silking N uptake and N remobilization in vegetative organs in XY335 were associated with the enhanced net photosynthetic rate (Pn), the NR and GS activities in ear‐leaf. Additionally, the expression levels of ZmGS1.3 and ZmGS1.4 were up‐regulated when exposed to low‐N stress, showing higher values in XY335 than those in HN138. Correlation analysis showed that the expression levels of ZmNR, ZmGS1.3, and ZmGS1.4 are correlated with leaf NR and GS activities, N remobilization, and grain yield. Our investigation suggested the critical roles of the N metabolism‐associated genes in the modulation of internal N translocation and plant productivity in maize. Future transgene analysis on ZmNR and ZmGS can provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying plant tolerance to low N stress in maize.
Conformational Modulation of Iduronic Acid‐Containing Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans by a Polynuclear Platinum Compound and Implications for Development of Antimetastatic Platinum Drugs
Authors: Gorle Anil K. , Haselhorst Thomas , Katner Samantha J. , Everest‐Dass Arun V. , Hampton James D. , Peterson Erica J. , Koblinski Jennifer E. , Katsuta Eriko , Takabe Kazuaki , von Itzstein Mark , Berners‐Price Susan J. , Farrell Nicholas P. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract1H NMR spectroscopic studies on the 1:1 adduct of the pentasaccharide Fondaparinux (FPX) and the substitution‐inert polynuclear platinum complex TriplatinNC show significant modulation of geometry around the glycosidic linkages of the FPX constituent monosaccharides. FPX is a valid model for the highly sulfated cell signalling molecule heparan sulfate (HS). The conformational ratio of the 1C4:2S0 forms of the FPX residue IdoA(2S) is altered from ca. 35:65 (free FPX) to ca. 75:25 in the adduct; the first demonstration of a small molecule affecting conformational changes on a HS oligosaccharide. Functional consequences of such binding are suggested to be inhibition of HS cleavage in MDA‐MB‐231 triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. We further describe inhibition of metastasis by TriplatinNC in the TNBC 4T1 syngeneic tumour model. Our work provides insight into a novel approach for design of platinum drugs (and coordination compounds in general) with intrinsic anti‐metastatic potential.
Role of Pyridinic Nitrogen in the Mechanism of the Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Carbon Electrocatalysts
Authors: Takeyasu Kotaro , Furukawa Moeko , Shimoyama Yuto , Singh Santosh K. , Nakamura Junji 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe introduction of pyridinic nitrogen (pyri‐N) into carbon‐based electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction is considered to create new active sites. Herein, the role of pyri‐N in such catalysts was investigated from a mechanistic viewpoint using carbon black (CB)‐supported pyri‐N‐containing molecules as model catalysts; the highest activity was observed for 1,10‐phenanthroline/CB. X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy showed that in acidic electrolytes, both pyri‐N atoms of 1,10‐phenanthroline could be protonated to form pyridinium ions (pyri‐NH+). In O2‐saturated electrolytes, one of the pyri‐NH+ species was reduced to pyri‐NH upon the application of a potential; no such reduction was observed in N2‐saturated electrolytes. This behavior was ascribed to electrochemical reduction of pyri‐NH+ occurring simultaneously with the thermal adsorption of O2, as supported by DFT calculations. According to these calculations, the coupled reduction was promoted by hydrophobic environments.
Chemical Tagging of Protein Lipoylation
Authors: Tang Qi , Guo Yilan , Meng Liying , Chen Xing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractProtein lipoylation is a post‐translational modification of emerging importance in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. However, labeling and large‐scale profiling of protein lipoylation remain challenging. Here, we report the development of iLCL (iodoacetamide‐assisted lipoate‐cyclooctyne ligation), a chemoselective reaction that enables chemical tagging of protein lipoylation. We demonstrate that the cyclic disulfide of lipoamide but not linear disulfides can selectively react with iodoacetamide to produce sulfenic acid, which can be conjugated with cyclooctyne probes. iLCL enables tagging of lipoylated proteins for gel‐based detection and cellular imaging. Furthermore, we apply iLCL for proteomic profiling of lipoylated proteins in both bacteria and mammalian cells. In addition to all of the eight known lipoylated proteins, we identified seven candidates for novel lipoylated proteins. The iLCL strategy should facilitate uncovering the biological function of protein lipoylation.
Face‐to‐Face Orientation of Quasiplanar Donor and Acceptor Enables Highly Efficient Intramolecular Exciplex Fluorescence
Authors: Wu Chao , Liu Weiqiang , Li Kai , Cheng Gang , Xiong Jinfan , Teng Teng , Che Chi‐Ming , Yang Chuluo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntramolecular through‐space charge‐transfer (TSCT) excited states have been exploited for developing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters, but the tuning of excited state dynamics by conformational engineering remains sparse. Designed here is a series of TSCT emitters with precisely controlled alignment of the donor and acceptor segments. With increasing intramolecular π–π interactions, the radiative decay rate of the lowest singlet excited state (S1) progressively increased together with a suppression of nonradiative decay, leading to significantly enhanced photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 0.99 in doped thin films. A high‐efficiency electroluminescence device, with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 23.96 %, was achieved and maintains >20 % at a brightness of 1000 cd m−2. This work sheds light on the importance of conformation control for achieving high‐efficiency intramolecular exciplex emitters.
Supramolecular Assembly of An Organoplatinum(II) Complex with Ratiometric Dual Emission for Two‐Photon Bioimaging
Authors: Ouyang Cheng , Li Yongguang , Rees Thomas W. , Liao Xinxing , Jia Jianhua , Chen Yu , Zhang Xiting , Ji Liangnian , Chao Hui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe organoplatinum(II) complex [Pt(C^N^N)(Cl)] (C^N^N=5,6‐diphenyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine, Pt1) can assemble into nanoaggregates via π–π stacking and complementary hydrogen bonds, rather than Pt–Pt interactions. Pt1 exhibits ratiometric dual emission, including rare blue emission (λem=445 nm) and assembly‐induced yellow emission (λem=573 nm), under one‐ and two‐photon excitation. Pt1 displays blue emission in cells with an intact membrane due to its low cellular uptake. In cells where the membrane is disrupted, uptake of the complex is increased and at higher concentrations yellow emission is observed. The ratio of yellow to blue emission shows a linear relationship to the loss of cell membrane integrity. Pt1 is, to our knowledge, the first example of an assembly‐induced two‐photon ratiometric dual emission organoplatinum complex. The excellent and unique characteristics of the complex enabled its use for the tracking of cell apoptosis, necrosis, and the inflammation process in zebrafish.
A Multilayer Ceramic Electrolyte for All‐Solid‐State Li Batteries
Authors: Zhu Jianxun , Li XiaoLei , Wu Changwei , Gao Jian , Xu Henghui , Li Yutao , Guo Xiangxin , Li Hong , Zhou Weidong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDespite of the good stability with Li‐metal, Li6.75La3Zr1.75Ta0.25O12(LLZTO) suffers from large interfacial resistance and severe Li‐metal penetration. Herein, a dual layer ceramic electrolyte of Ti‐doped LLZTO(Ti‐LLZTO)/LLZTO was developed, with the reducible Ti‐LLZTO layer contacting Li‐metal and the LLZTO layer contacting cathode. The identical crystal structures of Ti‐LLZTO and LLZTO enables a seamless contact and a barrierless Li+ transport between them. The densities of Ti‐LLZTO pellets are higher than that of LLZTO. With an in situ reduction of Ti‐LLZTO by Li‐metal, the interfacial wettability was improved and a mixed ion‐electron conducting layer was created. Both features help to reduce defects/pores on interface and homogenize the interfacial ionic/electronic flux, facilitating the reduction of interfacial resistance and suppression of dendrites. With the help of Ti‐LLZTO layer, long‐term stable lithium plating/stripping was reached in an areal capacity of 3.0 mAh cm−2.
Artificial Solid‐Electrolyte Interphase for Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Kang Danmiao , Xiao Muye , Lemmon John P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLi metal has attracted intense attention due to its high specific capacity, but the dendrite growth during cycling impedes its practical application as a rechargeable anode. To improve the stability of the solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) on Li metal is the key to develop Li anode with high safety. In native SEI, inorganics act as fast ion channels and organics play the role of soft base with high flexibility to buffer volume change. However, the SEI with inorganics close to Li surface and organics close to electrolyte always leads to a fragile structure, resulting in repeatedly breaking and growing of the surface layer. Artificial SEI is one of the most effective ways to improve interphase stability and extend the cycle life of Li anode. Inorganics such as Li fluoride, Li nitride, Li phosphate and Li alloys have been widely applied in Li protection. In situ chemical reactions, spin coating and doctor blade coating of organics were also conducted to obtain SEI with high lithiophilic functional groups and high elasticity. To fabricate an ideal artificial SEI, organic and inorganic components should be rearranged as a rational structure to possess synergetic effects with both high flexibility and ionic conductivity. This Minireview summarizes the most recent works on artificial SEI and discusses the electrochemical performance of different components as interphase, aiming to inspire the study on designing and fabricating stable Li anode with robust interphase structure.
Volition to behave sustainably: An examination of the role of self‐control
Authors: Gómez‐Olmedo Ana M. , Carrero Bosch Isabel , Martínez Carmen Valor 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTo address the current socioenvironmental crisis, the individual adoption of pro‐environmental lifestyles has been recognized as being of paramount importance. Past research has largely assumed that motivation will drive pro‐environmental behaviour. In contrast, this study argues that, in addition to motivation, volitional abilities are fundamental since these abilities facilitate circumventing internal and external barriers, disrupting unsustainable habits and foregoing short‐term personal gratification for long‐term societal benefits. More specifically, this study examines the direct influence of self‐control (SC) on the adoption of pro‐environmental behaviour (PEB). We theorize that SC is more predictive of behaviour than perceived behavioural control (PBC), and we suggest a direct association between SC and the adoption of PEB. Moreover, we hypothesize that the magnitude of the effect is even greater for actions with fewer external barriers, which require more volitional control. These hypotheses are supported by a study of 412 individuals. Our study contributes to the literature on environmental behaviour by showing the importance of volitional skills in explaining PEB. Furthermore, given the malleability of SC, this study proposes strategies for its development to promote pro‐environmental lifestyles as mainstream.
Efficient Editing of Silver Nanoclusters by Changing Simply One Cytosine in a DNA Template
Authors: Ma Jinliang , Li Kexin , Gu Shaobin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDNA with genetic information was edited to regulate and repair the structure and function of a protein. In DNA nanotechnology, DNA with programmable information can be designed to edit the fluorescence intensity and emissive colors of DNA‐stabilized silver nanoclusters (DNA/AgNCs). By introducing and moving one cytosine in the spacer of the emitter domain, we have built up a simple strategy to regulate the excitation and emission wavelengths of AgNCs. When replacing thymine in the spacer of the emitter with one cytosine, the expected excitation and emission change do not occur. However, after moving the introduced cytosine, DNA templates produce AgNCs with extremely different excitation and emission wavelengths from those of the initial template, leading to a template for near‐infrared (NIR) emissive species with the highest fluorescence intensity. The formation of AgNCs induces the DNA template into condensed secondary structure based on an altered migration rate in PAGE. The simple strategy of moving one cytosine in a spacer in the emitter domain can enrich the library of templates for synthesizing diverse DNA/AgNCs and has great potential in bioimaging and probe design.
In Situ Growth of Hollow Trimetallic Nanocubes on Nickel Foam for the Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Li Zhuzhu , Deng Puhui , Zhang Xue , Zhang Linping , Hou Yu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNanomaterials derived from Prussian blue (PB) and its analogues (PBAs) possess uniform active centers and large surface areas, which can be applied in the field of electrocatalysis. In this study, nickel‐iron‐cobalt trimetallic PBAs, that is, NiFeCo(4 : 1)PBA nanocubes, were grown in situ on nickel foam (NF), which was subsequently calcined in air to obtain a composite electrode, NiO/FeOX/Co3O4@NF, with a loose porous hollow nanocube morphology. This structure remarkably enlarged the contact area between the electrolyte and the catalyst. In addition, a synergistic effect among these metallic oxides expedited oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics. The Tafel slope (71.25 mV dec−1) toward OER of the constructed electrode is fairly small, much lower than that of our prepared bimetallic oxides@NF electrodes. The enduring stability is more than 22 h. This work indicates that, through morphology and composition control, the electrocatalytic performance of the designed electrode can be effectively improved.