bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Science, institutions, and values
Authors: Mantzavinos C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper articulates and defends three interconnected claims: firstly, that the debate on the role of values for science misses a crucial dimension, the institutional one; secondly, that institutions occupy the intermediate level between scientific activities and values and that they are to be systematically integrated into the analysis; thirdly, that the appraisal of the institutions of science with respect to values should be undertaken within the premises of a comparative approach rather than an ideal approach. Hence, I defend the view that the issue be framed in reference to the following question: “What kind of institutional rules should be in place in order for the scientific process to unfold in such a way that the values that we deem more important come to the fore?” Addressing this concern is equivalent to conducting a debate on institutions and their role for science.
Diffuse brain connectivity changes in Charcot–Marie–Tooth type 1a patients: a resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Pontillo G. , Tozza S. , Perillo T. , Cocozza S. , Dubbioso R. , Severi D. , Iodice R. , Tedeschi E. , Elefante A. , Brunetti A. , Manganelli F. , Quarantelli M. 
Published: September 2020

Background and purposeChanges of brain structure and function have been described in peripheral neuropathies. The aim of our study was to systematically investigate possible modifications of major large‐scale brain networks using resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS‐fMRI) in Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) patients.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 3‐T MRI brain scans were acquired of right‐handed genetically confirmed CMT1A patients and age‐ and sex‐comparable healthy controls. Patients also underwent clinical and electrophysiological examinations assessing neurological impairment. RS‐fMRI data were analysed using a seed‐based approach, with 32 different seeds sampling the main hubs of default mode, sensorimotor, visual, salience (SN), dorsal attention, frontoparietal, language and cerebellar networks. Between‐group differences in terms of functional connectivity (FC) with the explored seeds were tested voxelwise, correcting for local grey matter density to account for possible structural abnormalities, whilst the relationship between FC modifications and neurological impairment was investigated using robust correlation analyses.ResultsEighteen CMT1A patients (34.0 ± 11.4 years; M/F 11/7) were enrolled, along with 20 healthy controls (30.1 ± 10.2 years; M/F 11/9). In the CMT group compared to controls, clusters of increased FC with the visual cortex (P = 0.001), SN (P < 6 × 10−4), dorsal attention network (P < 8 × 10−5) and language network (P < 7 × 10–4) were found, along with a single cluster of reduced FC with the visual cortex in the left lentiform nucleus (P = 10–6). A significant correlation emerged between neurophysiological impairment and increased FC with right temporal language areas (r = 0.655, P = 0.006), along with an association between walking ability and increased FC with the left supramarginal gyrus (SN) (r = 0.620, P = 0.006).ConclusionsOur data show evidence of diffuse functional reorganization involving multiple large‐scale networks in the CMT1A brain, independent of structural modifications and partially correlating with peripheral nerve damage and functional impairment.
Dynamic analysis of fMRI activation during epileptic spikes can help identify the seizure origin
Authors: Kowalczyk Magdalena A. , Omidvarnia Amir , Dhollander Thijs , Jackson Graeme D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe use the dynamic electroencephalography–functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG‐fMRI) method to incorporate variability in the amplitude and field of the interictal epileptic discharges (IEDs) into the fMRI analysis. We ask whether IED variability analysis can (a) identify additional activated brain regions during the course of IEDs, not seen in standard analysis; and (b) demonstrate the origin and spread of epileptic activity. We explore whether these functional changes recapitulate the structural connections and propagation of epileptic activity during seizures.MethodsSeventeen patients with focal epilepsy and at least 30 IEDs of a single type during simultaneous EEG‐fMRI were studied. IED variability and EEG source imaging (ESI) analysis extracted time‐varying dynamic changes. General linear modeling (GLM) generated static functional maps. Dynamic maps were compared to static functional maps. The dynamic sequence from IED variability was compared to the ESI results. In a subset of patients, we investigated structural connections between active brain regions using diffusion‐based fiber tractography.ResultsIED variability distinguished the origin of epileptic activity from its propagation in 15 of 17 (88%) patients. This included two cases where no result was obtained from the standard GLM analysis. In both of these cases, IED variability revealed activation in line with the presumed epileptic focus. Two cases showed no result from either method. Both had very high spike rates associated with dysplasia in the postcentral gyrus. In all 15 cases with dynamic activation, the observed dynamics were concordant with ESI. Fiber tractography identified specific white matter pathways between brain regions that were active at IED onset and propagation.SignificanceDynamic techniques involving IED variability can provide additional power for EEG‐fMRI analysis, compared to standard analysis, revealing additional biologically plausible information in cases with no result from the standard analysis and gives insight into the origin and spread of IEDs.
A semantic‐enabled and context‐aware monitoring system for the internet of medical things
Authors: Rhayem Ahlem , Mhiri Mohamed Ben Ahmed , Drira Khalil , Tazi Said , Gargouri Faiez 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) in the medical field has led to the massive deployment of a myriad of medical connected objects (MCOs). These MCOs are being developed and implemented for remote healthcare monitoring purposes including elderly patients with chronic diseases, pregnant women, and patients with disabilities. Accordingly, different associated challenges are emerging and include the heterogeneity of the gathered health data from these MCOs with ever‐changing contexts. These contexts are relative to the continuous change of constraints and requirements of the MCOs deployment (time, location, state). Other contexts are related to the patient (medical record, state, age, sex, etc.) that should be taken into account to ensure a more precise and appropriate treatment of the patient. These challenges are difficult to address due to the absence of a reference model for describing the health data and their sources and linking these data with their contexts. This article addresses this problem and introduces a semantic‐based context‐aware system (IoT Medicare system) for patient monitoring with MCOs. This system is based on a core domain ontology (HealthIoT‐O), that is, designed to describe the semantic of heterogeneous MCOs and their data. Moreover, an efficient interpretation and management of this knowledge in diverse contexts are ensured through SWRL rules such as the verification of the proper functioning of the MCOs and the analysis of the health data for diagnosis and treatment purposes. A case study of gestational diabetes disease management is proposed to evaluate the effectiveness of the implemented IoT Medicare system. An evaluation phase is provided and focuses on the quality of the elaborated semantic model and the performance of the system.
Pollock and “the Blob”: Impacts of a marine heatwave on walleye pollock early life stages
Authors: Rogers Lauren A. , Wilson Matthew T. , Duffy‐Anderson Janet T. , Kimmel David G. , Lamb Jesse F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe North Pacific marine heatwave of 2014–2016 (nicknamed “The Blob”) impacted marine ecosystems from California to Alaska, USA, with cascading effects on fisheries and fishing communities. We investigated the effects of this anomalous ocean warming on early life stages of walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) in the Gulf of Alaska. In spring of 2015, pollock larvae were caught at record low levels relative to a 30‐year time series. Survival rates were low during the summer, and by late summer, numbers were further reduced, with very low abundances of juvenile (age‐0) pollock. Our analyses suggested multiple mechanisms for this decline: (a) Low‐saline conditions may have impacted egg buoyancy and survival; (b) population densities of zooplankton nauplii may have been too low to support first‐feeding larvae; (c) body condition of age‐0 pollock was poor and a bioenergetics model indicated that reduced quality of zooplankton prey, coupled with warmer temperatures, increased the ration required for positive growth by up to 19%, at a time when prey abundance was likely reduced. Thus, walleye pollock experienced a cascade of poor conditions for growth and survival through early life stages, resulting in the near disappearance of the 2015 year class in the population by the end of their first year. These impacts differ from previous warm years and emphasize the importance of looking beyond simple temperature–abundance relationships when predicting species responses to climate warming.
The problem of scale in predicting biological responses to climate
Authors: Bütikofer Luca , Anderson Karen , Bebber Daniel P. , Bennie Jonathan J. , Early Regan I. , Maclean Ilya M. D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMany analyses of biological responses to climate rely on gridded climate data derived from weather stations, which differ from the conditions experienced by organisms in at least two respects. First, the microclimate recorded by a weather station is often quite different to that near the ground surface, where many organisms live. Second, the temporal and spatial resolutions of gridded climate datasets derived from weather stations are often too coarse to capture the conditions experienced by organisms. Temporally and spatially coarse data have clear benefits in terms of reduced model size and complexity, but here we argue that coarse‐grained data introduce errors that, in biological studies, are too often ignored. However, in contrast to common perception, these errors are not necessarily caused directly by a spatial mismatch between the size of organisms and the scale at which climate data are collected. Rather, errors and biases are primarily due to (a) systematic discrepancies between the climate used in analysis and that experienced by organisms under study; and (b) the non‐linearity of most biological responses in combination with differences in climate variance between locations and time periods for which models are fitted and those for which projections are made. We discuss when exactly problems of scale can be expected to arise and highlight the potential to circumvent these by spatially and temporally down‐scaling climate. We also suggest ways in which adjustments to deal with issues of scale could be made without the need to run high‐resolution models over wide extents.
Black servants and Captain's slaves: James Cook and the death of George Rupee
Authors: Parsons Harriet 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCaptain James Cook's first voyage of Pacific exploration on the Endeavour, from 1768 to 1771, with the naturalist Joseph Banks, was one of the 18th century's most ambitious scientific ventures. Two of Banks' servants, Thomas Richmond and George Dorlton, were black men, and close reading of the records of their deaths in January 1769, suggests that one of them, Dorlton, was the Captain's slave, George ‘Rupee’. The Admiralty had banned slavery on Royal Navy ships and Rupee's accidental death had unforeseen consequences for the expedition. Cook's role as captain required him to investigate, and potentially dole out punishment if a member of the crew was culpable. However, his personal interest in the judgement as Rupee's master, compromised his impartiality. Networks of personal loyalty were integral to the social architecture of command in the Georgian Navy, and Rupee's death threatened to upset this fragile equilibrium. In the following days, half truths burgeoned into lies and deception in the Endeavour's reporting systems. The escalating ‘bad language’ put the crew's confidence in Cook's command in jeopardy, until the Master, Robert Molyneux, took decisive action to stop its spread.
Overlap between hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and drug reaction and eosinophilia with systemic symptoms: a review
Authors: Yang Jason J. , Lei Donald K. , Ravi Vignesh , Maloney Nolan J. , Crew Ashley , Worswick Scott 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDrug reaction and eosinophilia with systemic symptoms (DRESS), also known as drug‐induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS), shares features with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), most notably fever, rash, and internal organ involvement. However, there is increasing recognition of drug‐induced (secondary) HLH and biopsy‐proven hemophagocytosis in DRESS, suggesting that HLH and DRESS not only overlap but also may be diseases on the same spectrum of immune dysfunction. To characterize existing literature on HLH/DRESS overlap, we queried the PubMed/MEDLINE database for 23 cases of HLH‐DRESS codiagnosis. Average time‐to‐onset of rash after exposure to inciting drug was 2.7 weeks. Fourteen cases (61%) clinically worsened despite initial therapy, prompting a workup with diagnosis of HLH on average 2.3 weeks after diagnosing DRESS. Nine cases met HLH diagnostic criteria and had a RegiSCAR score ≥4. Nine cases met one set of criteria with a presentation suggestive of the other. Five cases met neither criteria. A patient presenting with fever, generalized rash, bicytopenia, and internal organ involvement after drug exposure was most predictive of meeting diagnostic criteria for both HLH and DRESS. Treatment was highly variable, although most initiated systemic corticosteroids with/without IVIG, plasmapheresis, or etoposide. Patients with poor outcomes in this review were treated using steroid monotherapy and had viral reactivation. Dermatologists should consider the possibility of HLH in any patient presenting with fever, rash, internal organ involvement, and cytopenia. Additional studies will be necessary to further characterize HLH and DRESS overlap and determine optimal management.
Coordination mechanisms for scheduling games with machine modification
Authors: He Chaoyu , Tan Zhiyi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper studies scheduling games with machine modification. A set of jobs is to be processed on a set of identical machines. An initial schedule before the modification of machines is given as a prior. Then some machines are removed and some new machines are added. Each job has the right either to stay on its original machine if the machine is not removed, or to move to another machine. The choices of all jobs after the machine modification constitute a new schedule. The individual cost of each job is its completion time, which is determined by the scheduling policy that the machines follow. We present properties of the Nash equilibriums under generalizations of the classical scheduling policies such as LPT, SPT and Makespan. For the social cost of minimizing the makespan, we establish the Price of Anarchy and Price of Stability of the games, and majorities of the parametric bounds are tight for each combination of the number of final machines, the number of added machines and the number of removed machines.
Being ostracized versus out of the loop: Redundant or unique predictors of variance in workplace outcomes?
Authors: Jones Eric E. , Ramsey Alex T. , Wesselmann Eric D. , Rosenthal Heather Jaffe , Hesson‐McInnis Matthew S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBased on the existing research, being excluded from information (i.e., being out of the loop) produces similar consequences as being ignored or excluded from activities. Consequently, one might wonder whether it is necessary to measure or study different types of exclusion in the workplace context, rather than just assessing a single type of exclusion. The current research investigated the associations between two types of workplace exclusion (i.e., being ostracized and being left out of the loop) and various workplace outcomes, with the purpose of determining whether these different types of exclusion predict unique or redundant variance in these workplace outcomes. In Study 1, we obtained a better model fit when we assigned items measuring out‐of‐the‐loop experiences at work to a different factor than items assessing experiences with ostracism at work. In Study 2, we observed that measuring employees' experiences with being out of the loop predicted unique variance in workplace outcomes (e.g., job satisfaction), above and beyond experiences with ostracism at work. Relative weight analyses suggested that both ostracism and out‐of‐the‐loop experiences were equally important predictors of these outcomes. Together, these studies indicate that being ostracized and being left out of the loop may be distinct exclusion experiences and better predictions about workplace outcomes can be made by assessing both types of exclusion. On a practical level, measuring different types of exclusion may prove useful, because organizations may need to implement different interventions for addressing distinct types of exclusion.
Youth sport motivational climate and attitudes toward migrants’ acculturation: The role of empathy and altruism
Authors: Morela Eleftheria , Hatzigeorgiadis Antonis , Theodorakis Yannis , Goudas Marios , Elbe Anne‐Marie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPrevious research has shown that an empowering motivational climate in organized sport has been linked to attitudes favoring migrants’ integration. The purpose of the present study was to further test the relationship between motivational climate and acculturation attitudes, and to explore the role of prosocial skills as potential mediators of this relationship in adolescent athletes from the host population. Participants were 338 (13.61 ± .95 years of age) Greek adolescents (167 girls) participating in organized sport. Participants’ acculturation attitudes, prosocial skills, and perceptions of the coach‐created motivational climate were measured. Analysis of structural models revealed that an empowering motivational climate was positively related with prosocial skills, reflecting empathy and altruism, which in turn were positively linked with acculturation attitudes favoring migrants’ integration. The results of the present study replicate previous findings regarding the links between empowering motivational climate and acculturation attitudes, and further, provide evidence that prosocial skills such as empathy and altruism mediate this relationship.
The validation and further development of a multidimensional cognitive load scale for virtual environments
Authors: Andersen Martin S. , Makransky Guido 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMeasuring cognitive load is important in virtual learning environments (VLE). Thus, valid and reliable measures of cognitive load are important to support instructional design in VLE. Through three studies, we investigated the validity and reliability of Leppink's Cognitive Load Scale (CLS) and developed the extraneous cognitive load (EL) dimension into three sub‐scales relevant for VLE: EL instructions, EL interaction, and EL environment. We investigated the validity of the measures using the Partial Credit Model (PCM), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and correlations with retention tests. Study 1 (n = 73) investigated the adapted version of the CLS. Study 2 describes the development and validation of the Multidimensional Cognitive Load Scale for Virtual Environments (MCLSVE), with 140 students in higher education. Study 3 tested the generalizability of the results with 121 higher education students in a more complicated VLE. The results provide initial evidence for the validity and reliability of the MCLSVE.
Development of a multidimensional polychronicity scale for information technology learning
Authors: Luo Yi Fang , Yang Shu Ching , Lu Chia Mei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInformation technology provides the potential for polychronic learning. However, research on polychronicity in the educational field is scarce. The purposes of this study were to develop a multidimensional polychronicity scale for information technology learning and explore the relationship between polychronicity in information technology‐supported learning and personality traits. This study is divided into two phases. First, a questionnaire survey was used to develop a multidimensional polychronicity scale for information technology learning, and 602 questionnaires were included in the analysis. Second, 129 participants reported their polychronicity in information technology‐supported learning and Big Five personality traits. The first phase results showed that the scale of polychronicity in IT‐supported learning (SPITSL) contained three constructs, that is, time tangibility (α = .89), scheduling preference (α = .84) and involvement with people (α = .85) and that the total variance explained was 69.43%. The confirmatory factor analysis results indicated that the preliminary model fit, overall model fit and internal model fit were acceptable. The second phase results showed that polychronicity was related to the Big Five personality traits. This study showed that the SPITSL has a multidimensional structure that is consistent with the definition of polychronicity advocated by many scholars.
Maternal focal atrial tachycardia during pregnancy: A systematic review
Authors: Wang Norman C. , Shen Carlita , McLaughlin Terence J. , Li Jack Z. , Hauspurg Alisse , Berlacher Kathryn L. , Bhonsale Aditya , Jain Sandeep K. , Kancharla Krishna , Saba Samir 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe presentation and optimal management of maternal focal atrial tachycardia (AT) during pregnancy are unknown. The objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive summary of the existing evidence.Methods and ResultsA systematic review of all reported cases of maternal focal AT during pregnancy was performed. The primary search queried PubMed using the MeSH terms “supraventricular tachycardia” and “pregnancy.” A stepwise ancillary search included article bibliographies, citations listed by the Google internet search engine, and PubMed using the MeSH terms “atrial tachycardia” and “pregnancy.” In total, 28 citations that described 32 patients were retrieved. A case from our institution was added. Detailed information was available for 30 patients. Clinical characteristics at presentation included a mean ± standard deviation of 28.3 ± 5.7 years for maternal age and 24.6 ± 7.7 weeks for gestation age. Suspected tachycardia‐induced cardiomyopathy was present in 20 of 30 (67%) patients and left ventricular ejection fraction improved in 15 of 15 (100%) patients with follow‐up measurements. Medication failure was common. Focal AT resolved spontaneously after delivery in eight of nine (89%) patients treated with only medications. Automaticity was suggested by discrete electrograms at sites of origin and lack of reported inducibility and termination with programmed stimulation in all patients who underwent electrophysiology studies. There were nine cases of successful catheter ablation with zero fluoroscopy since 2010.ConclusionsAutomaticity is the dominant mechanism for patients with maternal focal AT during pregnancy. Catheter ablation with zero fluoroscopy is an emerging therapy for medically refractory cases.