bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competing risk analysis of ventricular arrhythmia events in heart failure patients with moderately compromised renal dysfunction
Authors: Goldenberg Ido , Younis Arwa , Aktas Mehmet K , McNitt Scott , Zareba Wojciech , Kutyifa Valentina 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Aims
Patients with impaired renal function were shown to have an attenuated benefit from implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. However, there are limited data on the competing risk of ventricular arrhythmia events and death by renal function in patients without severe disease. Therefore, we aimed to assess the competing risk of ventricular arrhythmia events and death by renal function.

Methods and results
We analysed 1782 patients (99%) enrolled in Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial–Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (MADIT–CRT) with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) data available. Cumulative incidence function curves were used to display the rate of ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF), and the competing risk of death without experiencing VT/VF. Multivariable Fine and Gray regression models and recurrent event analysis were performed. There were 355 (20%) patients with GFR &lt; 52 and 1427 with GFR ≥ 52 (lowest quintile). The incidence of non-fatal VT/VF at 4 years was higher in patients with high GFR (26%) as compared to low GFR (16%), whereas rates of death without non-fatal VT/VF were 5% and 20% (P &lt; 0.001). In Fine and Gray models, the low GFR group was 35% less likely to experience VT/VF compared to the high GFR [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.48–0.88, P = 0.005]. In contrast,death without experiencing VT/VF was 3.5-fold higher in the low GFR group (95% CI 2.38–5.12, P-value &lt; 0.001). Recurrent event analysis consistently showed a lower risk of recurrent VT/VF, recurrent anti-tachycardia pacing only, and shock in the low GFR group.

Conclusions
We show, in a competing risk model, a lower risk of VT/VF events and a higher risk of mortality without an arrhythmic event in patients with moderate renal dysfunction in MADIT–CRT. These findings can be used for improved selection of patients for defibrillator therapy among CRT candidates.

Clinical Trial Registration
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00180271.
Bumblebee Workers Show Differences in Allele-Specific DNA Methylation and Allele-Specific Expression
Authors: Marshall Hollie , Jones Alun R C , Lonsdale Zoë N , Mallon Eamonn B 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAllele-specific expression is when one allele of a gene shows higher levels of expression compared with the other allele, in a diploid organism. Recent work has identified allele-specific expression in a number of Hymenopteran species. However, the molecular mechanism which drives this allelic expression bias remains unknown. In mammals, DNA methylation is often associated with genes which show allele-specific expression. DNA methylation systems have been described in species of Hymenoptera, providing a candidate mechanism. Using previously generated RNA-Seq and whole-genome bisulfite sequencing from reproductive and sterile bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) workers, we have identified genome-wide allele-specific expression and allele-specific DNA methylation. The majority of genes displaying allele-specific expression are common between reproductive and sterile workers and the proportion of allele-specific expression bias generally varies between genetically distinct colonies. We have also identified genome-wide allele-specific DNA methylation patterns in both reproductive and sterile workers, with reproductive workers showing significantly more genes with allele-specific methylation. Finally, there is no significant overlap between genes showing allele-specific expression and allele-specific methylation. These results indicate that cis-acting DNA methylation does not directly drive genome-wide allele-specific expression in this species.
Health Trajectories in Swedish Centenarians
Authors: Vetrano Davide L , Grande Giulia , Marengoni Alessandra , Calderón-Larrañaga Amaia , Rizzuto Debora 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Longitudinal studies describing centenarians’ health trajectories are currently lacking. We compared health trajectories of older adults becoming centenarians and their shorter-living counterparts in terms of chronic diseases, disability, and cognitive decline.

Methods
We identified 3,573 individuals participating in the Kungsholmen Project and the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen who lived &lt;100 years and 222 who survived to their 100th birthday. Trajectories of chronic diseases, disability (impaired activities of daily living), and cognitive status were obtained via linear mixed models over 13 years.

Results
Centenarians had fewer chronic diseases than noncentenarians. Before age 85, centenarians showed slower health changes. In centenarians, multimorbidity, disability, and cognitive impairment occurred 4 to 9 years later than in noncentenarians. After age 85, the speed of accumulation of chronic diseases, disabilities, and cognitive decline accelerated in centenarians. At age 100, 39% of the centenarians were cognitively intact and 55% had escaped disability. Only 5% were free of multimorbidity at age 100. When compared with their shorter lived counterparts, in terms of years spent in poor health, centenarians experienced more years with multimorbidity (9.4 vs 6.8 years; p &lt; .001), disability (4.3 vs 3.1 years; p = .005), and cognitive impairment (6.3 vs 4.3 years; p &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Older people who become centenarians present a delay in the onset of morbidity, but spend more years in this condition compared to their shorter lived peers. The observation of older adults’ health trajectories might help to forecast healthier aging, and plan future medical and social care delivery.
Understanding human gut diseases at single-cell resolution
Authors: Bigaeva Emilia , Uniken Venema Werna T C , Weersma Rinse K , Festen Eleonora A M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Our understanding of gut functioning and pathophysiology has grown considerably in the past decades, and advancing technologies enable us to deepen this understanding. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has opened a new realm of cellular diversity and transcriptional variation in the human gut at a high, single-cell resolution. ScRNA-seq has pushed the science of the digestive system forward by characterizing the function of distinct cell types within complex intestinal cellular environments, by illuminating the heterogeneity within specific cell populations and by identifying novel cell types in the human gut that could contribute to a variety of intestinal diseases. In this review, we highlight recent discoveries made with scRNA-seq that significantly advance our understanding of the human gut both in health and across the spectrum of gut diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal carcinoma and celiac disease.
From Pseudo-Rotations to Holomorphic Curves via Quantum Steenrod Squares
Authors: Çineli Erman , Ginzburg Viktor L , Gürel Başak Z 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the context of symplectic dynamics, pseudo-rotations are Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms with finite and minimal possible number of periodic orbits. These maps are of interest in both dynamics and symplectic topology. We show that a closed, monotone symplectic manifold, which admits a nondegenerate pseudo-rotation, must have a deformed quantum Steenrod square of the top degree element and hence nontrivial holomorphic spheres. This result (partially) generalizes a recent work by Shelukhin and complements the results by the authors on nonvanishing Gromov–Witten invariants of manifolds admitting pseudo-rotations.
The Origin of Isolated Populations of the Mountain Weevil,Liparus glabrirostris—The Flagship Species for Riparian Habitats
Authors: Lachowska-Cierlik Dorota , Zając Krzysztof , Mazur Miłosz A , Sikora Arkadiusz , Kubisz Daniel , Kajtoch Łukasz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLiparus glabrirostris is one of the largest European weevils, and it has been recently proposed as the flagship species for threatened riparian habitats in the mountains. For effective conservation of its populations (and associated habitats), it is crucial to understand its history, contemporary distribution, genetic diversity and predict changes in the range, including its highly isolated populations on the Baltic coast. Here, we examined numerous populations of L. glabrirostris across almost the entire species range using phylogeography and species niche modeling (SNM) approaches. Analyses of mtDNA and nucDNA markers revealed the existence of 2 major mitochondrial lineages generally separated between 1) the Alpine region and 2) the Bohemian Massif, the Carpathians, and the Baltic coast areas. Genetic diversity in nuclear genes was more complicated with no clear division between populations. The origin of Baltic populations was derived from the Carpathians, but there were probably multiple expansion events to the north. SNM suggested the existence of glacial refugia for L. glabrirostris, mainly in the Alps and the Southern Carpathians. Current predictions of species range were found to be generally congruent with zoogeographic data; however, the Baltic coast was not really supported as a suitable area for L. glabrirostris. An important prediction of future distribution (2050–2070 CE) suggests a shrinkage of the L. glabrirostris range and extinction of some of its populations (particularly those isolated on lower altitudes). Based on the aforementioned data, proposals for the protection of this species are proposed, including the designation of several evolutionary units of conservation importance.
Thoracic aortic aneurysm causing aorto-esophageal fistula—our experience with a rare disease
Authors: Yadav Aakriti , Shrestha Uttam Krishna , Shrestha Kajan Raj , Gurung Dinesh 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Aorto-esophageal fistula is a life-threatening condition, accounting for a small number of cases of upper gastrointestinal bleeding where patients present with one or more features of Chiari’s triad. We present the case of a 43-year-old woman, referred to us with symptoms of central chest pain, sudden onset dysphagia followed by massive hemoptysis. She was diagnosed with an aorto-esophageal fistula due to a ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysm and rushed for an emergency endovascular thoracic aortic stent and feeding jejunostomy with intravenous antibiotics and supportive care. After 6 weeks of surgery, the patient was re-evaluated to plan for an esophageal stent if required. The purpose of this presentation is to make the surgical fraternity aware of the gravity of this disease and novel techniques to manage it.
Small bowel necrosis and perforation due to sodium polystyrene sulfonate in the setting of graft versus host disease and fulminant Clostridium difficile infection
Authors: Sukri Leah , DiChiacchio Laura , Wasicek Philip J , Kavic Stephen M 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGastrointestinal injury is a common adverse event associated with use of sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS), tradename Kayexalate. Risk factors for SPS-mediated gastrointestinal necrosis include chronic kidney disease, solid organ transplant recipiency and recent surgery. This report presents a patient with past medical history significant for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) complicated by graft versus host disease (GvHD) and Clostridium difficile colitis who initially presented with small bowel obstruction. She was taken to the operating room and her small bowel pathology was significant for transmural necrosis with SPS crystals in the granulation tissue, despite last receiving SPS over a year ago. Previous mucosal damage should be considered as a risk factor for SPS-mediated injury and the effects of this medication may occur longer than previously thought.
Measuring Rubisco activity: challenges and opportunities of NADH-linked microtiter plate-based and 14C-based assays
Authors: Sales Cristina R G , da Silva Anabela Bernardes , Carmo-Silva Elizabete 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRubisco is central to carbon assimilation, and efforts to improve the efficiency and sustainability of crop production have spurred interest in phenotyping Rubisco activity. We tested the hypothesis that microtiter plate-based methods provide comparable results to those obtained with the radiometric assay that measures the incorporation of 14CO2 into 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA). Three NADH-linked assays were tested that use alternative coupling enzymes: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase (GlyPDH); phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH); and pyruvate kinase (PK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). To date there has been no thorough evaluation of their reliability by comparison with the 14C-based method. The three NADH-linked assays were used in parallel to estimate (i) the 3-PGA concentration–response curve of NADH oxidation, (ii) the Michaelis–Menten constant for ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate, (iii) fully active and inhibited Rubisco activities, and (iv) Rubisco initial and total activities in fully illuminated and shaded leaves. All three methods correlated strongly with the 14C-based method, and the PK–LDH method showed a strong correlation and was the cheapest method. PEPC–MDH would be a suitable option for situations in which ADP/ATP might interfere with the assay. GAPDH–GlyPDH proved more laborious than the other methods. Thus, we recommend the PK–LDH method as a reliable, cheaper, and higher throughput method to phenotype Rubisco activity for crop improvement efforts.
Using machine learning for transient classification in searches for gravitational-wave counterparts
Authors: Stachie Cosmin , Coughlin Michael W , Christensen Nelson , Muthukrishna Daniel 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
The large sky localization regions offered by the gravitational-wave interferometers require efficient follow-up of the many counterpart candidates identified by the wide field-of-view telescopes. Given the restricted telescope time, the creation of prioritized lists of the many identified candidates becomes mandatory. Towards this end, we use astrorapid, a multiband photometric light-curve classifier, to differentiate between kilonovae, supernovae, and other possible transients. We demonstrate our method on the photometric observations of real events. In addition, the classification performance is tested on simulated light curves, both ideally and realistically sampled. We show that after only a few days of observations of an astronomical object, it is possible to rule out candidates as supernovae and other known transients.
ALMA unveils wider environment of distant red protocluster core
Authors: Ivison R J , Biggs A D , Bremer M , Arumugam V , Dunne L 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
We report observations with the Atacama Large Millimetre Array (ALMA) of six submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) within 3 arcmin of the Distant Red Core (DRC) at z = 4.0, a site of intense cluster-scale star formation, first reported by Oteo et al. We find new members of DRC in three SMG fields; in two fields, the SMGs are shown to lie along the line of sight towards DRC; one SMG is spurious. Although at first sight this rate of association is consistent with earlier predictions, associations with the bright SMGs are rarer than expected, which suggests caution when interpreting continuum overdensities. We consider the implications of all 14 confirmed DRC components passing simultaneously through an active phase of star formation. In the simplest explanation, we see only the tip of the iceberg in terms of star formation and gas available for future star formation, consistent with our remarkable finding that the majority of newly confirmed DRC galaxies are not the brightest continuum emitters in their immediate vicinity. Thus, while ALMA continuum follow-up of SMGs identifies the brightest continuum emitters in each field, it does not necessarily reveal all the gas-rich galaxies. To hunt effectively for protocluster members requires wide and deep spectral-line imaging to uncover any relatively continuum-faint galaxies that are rich in atomic or molecular gas. Searching with short-baseline arrays or single-dish facilities, the true scale of the underlying gas reservoirs may be revealed.
Dark Energy Survey identification of a low-mass active galactic nucleus at redshift 0.823 from optical variability
Authors: Guo Hengxiao , Burke Colin J , Liu Xin , Phadke Kedar A , Zhang Kaiwen , Chen Yu-Ching , Gruendl Robert A , Lidman Christopher , Shen Yue , Morganson Eric , Aguena Michel , Allam Sahar , Avila Santiago , Bertin Emmanuel , Brooks David , Rosell Aurelio Carnero , Carollo Daniela , Kind Matias Carrasco , Costanzi Matteo , da Costa Luiz N , De Vicente Juan , Desai Shantanu , Doel Peter , Eifler Tim F , Everett Spencer , García-Bellido Juan , Gaztanaga Enrique , Gerdes David W , Gruen Daniel , Gschwend Julia , Gutierrez Gaston , Hinton Samuel R , Hollowood Devon L , Honscheid Klaus , James David J , Kuehn Kyler , Lima Marcos , Maia Marcio A G , Menanteau Felipe , Miquel Ramon , Möller Anais , Ogando Ricardo L C , Palmese Antonella , Paz-Chinchón Francisco , Plazas Andrés A , Romer Anita K , Roodman Aaron , Sanchez Eusebio , Scarpine Vic , Schubnell Michael , Serrano Santiago , Smith Mathew , Soares-Santos Marcelle , Sommer Natalia E , Suchyta Eric , Swanson Molly E C , Tarle Gregory , Tucker Brad E , Varga Tamas N ,   (DES Collaboration)
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
We report the identification of a low-mass active galactic nucleus (AGN), DES J0218−0430, in a redshift z = 0.823 galaxy in the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Supernova field. We select DES J0218−0430 as an AGN candidate by characterizing its long-term optical variability alone based on DES optical broad-band light curves spanning over 6 yr. An archival optical spectrum from the fourth phase of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey shows both broad Mg ii and broad H β lines, confirming its nature as a broad-line AGN. Archival XMM–Newton X-ray observations suggest an intrinsic hard X-ray luminosity of $L_{{\rm 2-12\, keV}}\approx 7.6\pm 0.4\times 10^{43}$ erg s−1, which exceeds those of the most X-ray luminous starburst galaxies, in support of an AGN driving the optical variability. Based on the broad H β from SDSS spectrum, we estimate a virial black hole (BH) mass of M• ≈ 106.43–106.72 M⊙ (with the error denoting the systematic uncertainty from different calibrations), consistent with the estimation from OzDES, making it the lowest mass AGN with redshift &gt; 0.4 detected in optical. We estimate the host galaxy stellar mass to be M* ≈ 1010.5 ± 0.3 M⊙ based on modelling the multiwavelength spectral energy distribution. DES J0218−0430 extends the M•–M* relation observed in luminous AGNs at z ∼ 1 to masses lower than being probed by previous work. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of using optical variability to identify low-mass AGNs at higher redshift in deeper synoptic surveys with direct implications for the upcoming Legacy Survey of Space and Time at Vera C. Rubin Observatory.
Shock waves in the magnetized cosmic web: the role of obliquity and cosmic ray acceleration
Authors: Banfi S , Vazza F , Wittor D 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Structure formation shocks are believed to be the largest accelerators of cosmic rays in the Universe. However, little is still known about their efficiency in accelerating relativistic electrons and protons as a function of their magnetization properties, i.e. of their magnetic field strength and topology. In this work, we analysed both uniform and adaptive mesh resolution simulations of large-scale structures with the magnetohydrodynamical grid code enzo, studying the dependence of shock obliquity with different realistic scenarios of cosmic magnetism. We found that shock obliquities are more often perpendicular than what would be expected from a random 3D distribution of vectors, and that this effect is particularly prominent in the proximity of filaments, due to the action of local shear motions. By coupling these results to recent works from particle-in-cell simulations, we estimated the flux of cosmic ray protons in galaxy clusters, and showed that in principle the riddle of the missed detection of hadronic γ-ray emission by the Fermi-LAT can be explained if only quasi-parallel shocks accelerate protons. On the other hand, for most of the cosmic web the acceleration of cosmic ray electrons is still allowed, due to the abundance of quasi-perpendicular shocks. We discuss quantitative differences between the analysed models of magnetization of cosmic structures, which become more significant at low cosmic overdensities.
Molecular subgrouping of medulloblastoma based on few-shot learning of multitasking using conventional MR images: a retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Chen Xi , Fan Zhen , Li Kay Ka-Wai , Wu Guoqing , Yang Zhong , Gao Xin , Liu Yingchao , Wu Haibo , Chen Hong , Tang Qisheng , Chen Liang , Wang Yuanyuan , Mao Ying , Ng Ho-Keung , Shi Zhifeng , Yu Jinhua , Zhou Liangfu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
The determination of molecular subgroups—wingless (WNT), sonic hedgehog (SHH), Group 3, and Group 4—of medulloblastomas is very important for prognostication and risk-adaptive treatment strategies. Due to the rare disease characteristics of medulloblastoma, we designed a unique multitask framework for the few-shot scenario to achieve noninvasive molecular subgrouping with high accuracy.

Methods
We introduced a multitask technique based on mask regional convolutional neural network (Mask-RCNN). By effectively utilizing the comprehensive information including genotyping, tumor mask, and prognosis, multitask technique, on the one hand, realized multi-purpose modeling and simultaneously, on the other hand, promoted the accuracy of the molecular subgrouping. One hundred and thirteen medulloblastoma cases were collected from 4 hospitals during the 8-year period in the retrospective study, which were divided into 3-fold cross-validation cohorts (N = 74) from 2 hospitals and independent testing cohort (N = 39) from the other 2 hospitals. Comparative experiments of different auxiliary tasks were designed to illustrate the effect of multitasking in molecular subgrouping.

Results
Compared to the single-task framework, the multitask framework that combined 3 tasks increased the average accuracy of molecular subgrouping from 0.84 to 0.93 in cross-validation and from 0.79 to 0.85 in independent testing. The average area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of molecular subgrouping were 0.97 in cross-validation and 0.92 in independent testing. The average AUCs of prognostication also reached to 0.88 in cross-validation and 0.79 in independent testing. The tumor segmentation results achieved the Dice coefficient of 0.90 in both cohorts.

Conclusions
The multitask Mask-RCNN is an effective method for the molecular subgrouping and prognostication of medulloblastomas with high accuracy in few-shot learning.