bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Filling positions or forging new pathways? Scholarship incentives, commitment, and retention of STEM teachers in high‐need schools
Authors: Olitsky Stacy , Perfetti Amy , Coughlin Allyson 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn recent years, there have been programs aimed at increasing the number of science and math teachers in high‐need areas by offering scholarships to candidates in exchange for their agreement to teach in a high‐need school for a period of time. However, there has been concern that recipients might fulfill the terms of their agreement, then leave for other jobs. This qualitative study of four science and math teachers who received Noyce scholarships examines whether commitment is stable or variable over time, and the impact of structural factors and supports on commitment, professional identity, and retention. Results suggest that while some aspects of commitment demonstrate stability, other aspects may change due to factors including the types of professional identities that are prioritized by teachers, and recognition and support of these identities in work settings. In this study, the teachers who emphasized student‐ and pedagogical‐centered identities, rather than subject‐centered identities, were more likely to stay in their positions, provided that these identities were supported through school structures and positive interactions with colleagues, supervisors, and students. Results suggest that scholarship programs may be useful not only for supporting teachers who have already expressed commitment to science and math teaching in high‐need schools, but also for encouraging new commitments.
Stressful life events, hypertensive disorders, and high blood sugar during pregnancy
Authors: Chen Liwei , Shi Lu , Chao Margaret Shin , Tong Xia , Wang Fan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine the association of life events stressors with risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) by using the multilevel sample from the 2007 Los Angeles Mommy and Baby (LAMB) survey. Four multilevel logistic regression models were applied while accounting for the multilevel design of the LAMB study. The following demographic variables were used as covariates: maternal age, race/ethnicity, maternal educational attainment, household income level in the previous year, physical exercise, and prepregnancy body weight status. The scale for total number of stressors was positively associated with GDM in Model 1, but the association did not reach the significance threshold of 0.05. In Model 2 where four specific domains of stressors (financial, traumatic, spousal, and emotional stressors) were used as the key exposure variables, the number of financial stressors during pregnancy was significantly associated with a higher risk of GDM. The scale for total number of stressors was associated with HDP in Model 3. Experience of financial stressors during pregnancy was significantly associated with a higher risk of HDP in Model 4. In conclusion, exposure to higher number of financial stressors was associated with an elevated risk of GDM and HDP.
CO2 Nanoenrichment and Nanoconfinement in Cage of Imine Covalent Organic Frameworks for High‐Performance CO2 Cathodes in Li‐CO2 Batteries
Authors: Huang Sheng , Chen Dongdong , Meng Chao , Wang Shuanjin , Ren Shan , Han Dongmei , Xiao Min , Sun Luyi , Meng Yuezhong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Li‐CO2 battery is an emerging green energy technology coupling CO2 capture and conversion. The main drawback of present Li‐CO2 batteries is serious polarization and poor cycling caused by random deposition of lithium ions and big insulated Li2CO3 formation on the cathode during discharge. Herein, covalent organic frameworks (COF) are identified as the porous catalyst in the cathode of Li‐CO2 batteries for the first time. Graphene@COF is fabricated, graphene with thin and uniform imine COF loading, to enrich and confine CO2 in the nanospaces of micropores. The discharge voltage is raised by higher local CO2 concentration, which is predicted by the Nernst equation and realized by CO2 nanoenrichment. Moreover, uniform lithium ion deposition directed by the graphene@COF nanoconfined CO2 can produce smaller Li2CO3 particles, leading to easier Li2CO3 decomposition and thus lower charge voltage. The graphene@COF cathode with 47.5% carbon content achieves a discharge capacity of 27833 mAh g−1 at 75 mA g−1, while retaining a low charge potential of 3.5 V at 0.5 A g−1 for 56 cycles.
A method of identifying and analyzing irrational system behavior in a system of systems
Authors: Van Bossuyt Douglas L. , O'Halloran Bryan M. , Arlitt Ryan M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSystem of interest (SoI) failures can sometimes be traced to an unexpected behavior occurring within another system that is a member of the system of systems (SoS) with the SoI. This article presents a method for use when designing an SoI that helps to analyze an SoS for unexpected behaviors from existing SoS members during the SoI's conceptual functional modeling phase of system architecture. The concept of irrationality initiators—unanticipated or unexpected failure flows emitted from one system that adversely impact an SoI, which appear to be impossible or irrational to engineers developing the new system—is introduced and implemented in a quantitative risk analysis method. The method is implemented in the failure flow identification and propagation framework to yield a probability distribution of failure paths through an SoI in the SoS. An example of a network of autonomous vehicles operating in a partially denied environment is presented to demonstrate the method. The method presented in this paper allows practitioners to more easily identify potential failure paths and prioritize fixing vulnerabilities in an SoI during functional modeling when significant changes can still be made with minimal impact to cost and schedule.
Interface modeling for product‐service system integration
Authors: Maleki Elaheh , Belkadi Farouk , Bonjour Eric , Slayman Ali , Bernard Alain 
Published: November 2019

AbstractProduct‐service system (PSS) is proposed as a response to the increasing need for sustainable solutions. To provide PSS, companies develop a customized system interconnecting heterogeneous systems. Consequently, distinguishing and modeling the interfaces in PSS is challenging because of the heterogeneity of its tangible and intangible components and their continuous interactions. To tackle this issue, this paper presents a contribution to interface definition in PSS architecture. It aims at proposing a conceptual model supporting the definition and classification of the interfaces in PSS architecture as a system of systems. Based on systems engineering recommendations, the model defines the interfaces between subsystems and components. The application of the model is illustrated by a pragmatic use case concerning a station‐less bicycle‐sharing system.
LPS‐enhanced IGF‐IIR pathway to induce H9c2 cardiomyoblast cell hypertrophy was attenuated by Carthamus tinctorius extract via IGF‐IR activation
Authors: Tung Chum‐Liang , Hsieh Dennis Jine‐Yuan , Baskaran Rathinasamy , Ban Bo , Dung Tran Duc , Ju Da‐Tong , Viswanadha Vijaya Padma , Day Cecilia Hsuan , Yeh Yu‐Lan , Huang Chih‐Yang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe use of herbs as alternative cardiovascular disease treatment has attracted a great deal of attention owing to their lower toxicity. Whether Carthamus tinctorius extract prevent cardiomyoblast cell hypertrophy remains unclear. The present study was performed to investigate the effect of C tinctorius extract (CTF) on rat cardiomyoblast cell H9c2 and the possible molecular mechanisms. H9c2 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 2 μg/mL) for 12 hours, subsequently treated with CTF (1‐25 μg/mL) The incubation continued for another 24 hours, and the cells were analyzed with actin staining assay, western blot analysis, and siRNA transfection assays. In the present study, the increased cell size induced by LPS was significantly decreased by pretreating at a concentration of 1‐25 μg/mL CTF. It was found that CTF could inhibit cardiac hypertrophy induced by LPS and decrease hypertrophic proteins calcineurin, p‐GATA‐4, GATA‐4, atrial natriuretic peptide, and B‐type natriuretic peptide levels in H9c2 cells. Additionally, LPS‐induced insulin‐like growth factor‐II receptor (IGF‐IIR) hypertrophy pathway was downregulated by CTF. Moreover, IGF‐IR siRNA or inhibitors both reversed the CTF effects, confirming that CTF activates IGF‐1R to prevent LPS‐induced H9c2 cardiomyoblast cell hypertrophy. The current findings indicate that CTF activates IGF‐IR to inhibit IGF‐IIR signaling pathway which resulted in reducing H9c2 cardiomyoblast cell hypertrophy induced by LPS.
Keeping Students Interested: Interest‐Based Instruction as a Tool to Engage
Authors: Robertson Dana A. , Padesky Christopher James 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInterest‐based instruction involves attending to students’ individual interests, including their existing topical interests, and triggering new situational interests, which can be cultivated during instruction. Understanding four teaching actions—approaching curricular planning intentionally, contextualizing learning, building relevance and value in the task or topic, and incorporating inquiry and project‐based learning—is important in cultivating an interest‐based approach. The authors examined the roles of interest and teaching actions in promoting students’ motivation and engagement. Two vignettes demonstrate how interest and teaching actions can drive planning, instruction, and instructional activities to promote students’ reading and writing development.
An Illumina approach to MHC typing of Atlantic salmon
Authors: Sundaram Arvind Y. M. , Garseth Åse Helen , Maccari Giuseppe , Grimholt Unni 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe IPD-MHC Database represents the official repository for non-human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) sequences, overseen and supported by the Comparative MHC Nomenclature Committee, providing access to curated MHC data and associated analysis tools. IPD-MHC gathers allelic MHC class I and class II sequences from classical and non-classical MHC loci from various non-human animals including pets, farmed and experimental model animals. So far, Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout are the only teleost fish species with MHC class I and class II sequences present. For the remaining teleost or ray-finned species, data on alleles originating from given classical locus is scarce hampering their inclusion in the database. However, a fast expansion of sequenced genomes opens for identification of classical loci where high-throughput sequencing (HTS) will enable typing of allelic variants in a variety of new teleost or ray-finned species. HTS also opens for large-scale studies of salmonid MHC diversity challenging the current database nomenclature and analysis tools. Here we establish an Illumina approach to identify allelic MHC diversity in Atlantic salmon, using animals from an endangered wild population, and alter the salmonid MHC nomenclature to accommodate the expected sequence expansions.
ANDROMEDA – Eine Untersuchung von Einflussfaktoren auf die Adhärenz von Patienten mit neovaskulärer altersabhängiger Makuladegeneration mithilfe des neu konzipierten Patientenfragebogens LAF-IVT
Authors: Holz F. G. , Johnson K. T. , Bauer-Steinhusen U. , Rech C. , Machewitz T. , Müller S. , Finger R. P. 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Mangelnde Therapietreue ist ein weitverbreitetes Versorgungsproblem in der Anti-VEGF(Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)-Behandlung von Patienten mit neovaskulärer altersabhängiger Makuladegeneration (nAMD). Im Gegensatz zum Ausmaß mangelnder Therapietreue gibt es bislang keine ausreichende Evidenz zu den Ursachen. Die ANDROMEDA-Studie wurde initiiert, um die Einflussfaktoren der Therapietreue von nAMD-Patienten zu untersuchen. Der Fokus der Studie liegt auf patientenberichteten Endpunkten, da die Wahrnehmungen und Erfahrungen der Patienten für die Untersuchung der vielfältigen Aspekte von Therapietreue von enormer Bedeutung sind.

Ziel der Arbeit
In dieser Publikation werden das Design der Studie sowie die Entwicklung eines neuen Patientenfragebogens zur Erfassung von Therapiehürden vorgestellt.

Material und Methoden
Anfang 2019 wurde die prospektive, nichtinterventionelle Beobachtungsstudie zur Erfassung der Therapietreue von nAMD-Patienten und Anti-VEGF-Behandlung gestartet. Es ist geplant, deutschlandweit 1000 Patienten in 120 Studienzentren für 24 Monate zu beobachten. Dabei werden zu Beginn sowie nach 4, 12 und 24 Monaten Patienteninterviews zur allgemeinen und visusbezogenen Lebensqualität, zur Behandlungszufriedenheit und zu möglichen Therapiehürden geführt. Sämtliche Visiten werden im Rahmen der klinischen Routine durch die Studienzentren dokumentiert. Bislang existierte zur Erfassung patientenseitiger Begleitumstände und potenzieller Hürden der Anti-VEGF-Therapie kein geeignetes Instrument, weshalb ein spezifischer Patientenfragebogen, der „Patient Questionnaire for Longitudinal Assessment of Adherence Factors to Intravitreal (anti-VEGF) Therapy“ (LAF-IVT), entwickelt wurde. Vor dem Einsatz in dieser Studie wurde der von einem Expertenpanel entwickelte Fragebogen mittels qualitativer Interviews hinsichtlich seiner kognitiven Eigenschaften geprüft.

Ergebnisse
Die Ergebnisse der Studie werden Anfang 2023 erwartet. Die kognitive Prüfung des LAF-IVT bestätigte die Einsatzfähigkeit des neuen Fragebogens. Die Praktikabilität und Aussagekraft des neuen Instruments können nach Abschluss der quantitativen Datenerhebung beurteilt werden.

Diskussion
Die von Patienten erlebten Symptome, Hürden, Lasten und Lebensqualitätseffekte einer Therapie beeinflussen die Therapietreue und damit die Therapieergebnisse. Ein besseres Verständnis der Patientensichtweisen und -erfahrungen ist die Grundlage für eine dauerhafte Optimierung der Versorgung.
REFLECT—a phase 3 trial comparing efficacy and safety of lenvatinib to sorafenib for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: an analysis of Japanese subset
Authors: Yamashita Tatsuya , Kudo Masatoshi , Ikeda Kenji , Izumi Namiki , Tateishi Ryosuke , Ikeda Masafumi , Aikata Hiroshi , Kawaguchi Yasunori , Wada Yoshiyuki , Numata Kazushi , Inaba Yoshitaka , Kuromatsu Ryoko , Kobayashi Masahiro , Okusaka Takuji , Tamai Toshiyuki , Kitamura Chifumi , Saito Kenichi , Haruna Katsuya , Okita Kiwamu , Kumada Hiromitsu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
A phase 3, multinational, randomized, non-inferiority trial (REFLECT) compared the efficacy and safety of lenvatinib (LEN) and sorafenib (SOR) in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC). LEN had an effect on overall survival (OS) compared to SOR, statistically confirmed by non-inferiority [OS: median = 13.6 months vs. 12.3 months; hazard ratio (HR) 0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79–1.06], and demonstrated statistically significant improvements in progression-free survival (PFS) and the objective response rate (ORR) in the overall population. The results of a subset analysis that evaluated the efficacy and safety of LEN and SOR in the Japanese population are reported.

Methods
The intent-to-treat population enrolled in Japan was analyzed.

Results
Of 954 patients in the overall population, 168 Japanese patients were assigned to the LEN arm (N = 81) or the SOR arm (N = 87). Median OS was 17.6 months for LEN vs. 17.8 months for SOR (HR 0.90; 95% CI 0.62–1.29). LEN showed statistically significant improvements over SOR in PFS (7.2 months vs. 4.6 months) and ORR (29.6% vs. 6.9%). The relative dose intensity of LEN and SOR in the Japanese population was lower than in the overall population. Frequently observed, related adverse events included palmar-plantar erythrodysaesthesia syndrome (PPES), hypertension, decreased appetite, and proteinuria in the LEN arm, and PPES, hypertension, diarrhea, and alopecia in the SOR arm.

Conclusions
The efficacy and safety of LEN in the Japanese population were similar to those in the overall population of REFLECT. With manageable adverse events, LEN is a new treatment option for Japanese patients with uHCC.

Trial registration ID
ClinicalTrials.gov. No. NCT01761266.
Respiratory-Syncytial-Virus-Prophylaxe mit Palivizumab
Authors: Resch B. , Eber E. , Ehringer-Schetitska D. , Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U. , Michel‑Behnke I. , Popow-Kraupp T. , Redlberger-Fritz M. , Seidel M. , Strenger V. , Wald M. , Zacharasiewicz A. , Berger A. 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
Im Rahmen eines industrieunabhängigen Expertenkreises wurden die Empfehlungen zur Respiratory-Syncytial-Virus(RSV)-Prophylaxe mit Palivizumab der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde (ÖGKJ) von 2008 überarbeitet und im Delphi-Verfahren ein Update für das Jahr 2019 geschaffen.
Frühgeborene (FG) ≤28 (+6 Tage) Schwangerschaftswochen (SSW) sollen Palivizumab über die 1. Saison, bei Entlassung am Ende einer Saison (Alter <9 Monate vor Saisonbeginn) für die darauffolgende Saison erhalten. FG 29 (+0)–32 (+6) SSW (Alter <6 Monate zu Saisonbeginn) sollen Palivizumab für die 1. Saison erhalten (Voraussetzung 4 Punkte im RSV-Risikoscore); und FG 33 (+0) bis 35 (+6) SSW (Alter <3 Monate zu Saisonbeginn) für die 1. Saison (Voraussetzung 4 Punkte im RSV-Risikoscore). FG mit bronchopulmonaler Dysplasie (BPD; Beatmung oder Sauerstoffbedarf im Alter von 36 SSW) – sollen Palivizumab für die 1. Saison erhalten und bei therapiepflichtiger BPD im 2. Lebensjahr auch für eine 2. Saison. Alle Kinder mit hämodynamisch signifikantem Herzfehler (CHD) <12 Monaten erhalten Palivizumab für die 1. Saison und nur nach Einzelfalldiskussion (partiell korrigierte CHD oder Herztransplantation) für eine 2. Saison. Außerhalb der Regelverordnung sehen die Experten einen Handlungsspielraum für pulmonologische Indikationen, neuromuskuläre Erkrankungen, das Down-Syndrom, Immundefekte und schwerer Immunsuppression jeweils für eine 1. RSV-Saison.
Palivizumab wird mit 15 mg/kg Körpergewicht intramuskulär dosiert und maximal 5‑mal von Mitte/Ende November bis März in Injektionsintervallen von 28 bis 30 Tagen gegeben. Banale Infekte stellen keine Kontraindikation für die Immunisierung dar. Palivizumab hemmt auch nicht die Immunantwort gegenüber aktiven Immunisationen.
Growth conditions, physiological properties, and selection of optimal parameters of biodegradation of anticancer drug daunomycin in industrial effluents by Bjerkandera adusta CCBAS930
Authors: Korniłłowicz-Kowalska Teresa , Rybczyńska-Tkaczyk Kamila 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe study characterizes the anamorphicBjerkandera adustastrain CCBAS 930, including growth conditions, physiological properties, and enzymatic activities related to basic metabolism and specific properties coupled with the fungal secondary metabolism. It was established that the fungus grows in a wide pH range (3.5–7.5), up to 3% of salt concentration and a temperature of 5–30 °C. Media rich in natural organic components (potato, maize extracts, whey) are optimal for biomass propagation. Minimal media, containing mineral salts and glucose as well as static growth conditions, are required to obtain idiophasic mycelium, equivalent to the secondary metabolism of the fungus. Of the 7 complex C, N, and energy sources tested, the strain did not utilize only fibrous cellulose. Lipolytic activity reached the highest values of the enzymatic activities corresponding to those capabilities. The specific properties of strainB. adustaCCBAS 930 determined by the production of HRP-like peroxidase were related to the decolorization and biodegradation of anthraquinone derivative daunomycin. The decolorization of 30% of daunomycin effluents occurred most rapidly in iso-osmotic medium and non-enriched with nitrogen, containing 0.25% glucose, pH = 5.0–6.0, and 25–30 °C. In agitated cultures, the strain decolorized solutions of daunomycin by biosorption, which coincided with the inhibition of aerial mycelium production and HRP-like biosynthesis. Based on knowledge, potential and real possibilities of using the strain in bioremediation of colored industrial sewage were discussed.
Sieverdingia gen. nov., S. tortuosa comb. nov., and Diversispora peloponnesiaca sp. nov. in the Diversisporaceae (Glomeromycota)
Authors: Błaszkowski Janusz , Niezgoda Piotr , de Paiva Jéssica Nunes , da Silva Kássia Jéssica Galdino , Theodoro Raquel Cordeiro , Jobim Khadija , Orfanoudakis Michail , Goto Bruno Tomio 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPhylogenetic analyses of 18S–ITS–28S nuc rDNA sequences indicated that the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus originally described asGlomus tortuosumand later transferred to the genusCorymbiglomusrepresents a separate, previously unrecognized clade at the rank of genus in the family Diversisporaceae (order Diversisporales, phylum Glomeromycota). The analyses located the clade between clades representing the generaDesertisporaandRedeckera. Consequently, a new genus,Sieverdingia, was erected, withS. tortuosacomb. nov. The unique morphological feature ofS. tortuosais the formation of glomoid-like spores with a single-layered spore wall covered with a hyphal mantle. Importantly, the erection ofSieverdingiaclarified the definition ofCorymbiglomus, which currently consists of three species producing glomoid-like spores with one, three- to four-layered spore wall. The features of the innermost layer, which is hyaline, laminate, flexible to semi-flexible, indicate that it is a synapomorphy ofCorymbiglomus. The definitions ofCorymbiglomusand its species were emended. Moreover, the distribution ofS. tortuosaand the three species ofCorymbiglomuswas discussed based on own studies, literature data, and molecular sequences deposited in public databases. We concluded that the distribution ofS. tortuosaandC. globiferumknown in environmental studies based on their partial 28S nuc rDNA sequences only may be understated because the main molecular characteristics distinguishing these species reside outside the 28S region. Finally, we described a new species in the genusDiversisporaoriginating from Mediterranean dunes of the Peloponnese peninsula, Greece. The same phylogenetic analyses mentioned above indicated that the closest relative of the new species, producing dark-coloured spores, isD. clara, whose spores are creamy white at most.
Picking and Choosing Among Phase I Trials
Authors: Fisher Jill A. , Monahan Torin , Walker Rebecca L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article empirically examines how healthy volunteers evaluate and make sense of the risks of phase I clinical drug trials. This is an ethically important topic because healthy volunteers are exposed to risk but can gain no medical benefit from their trial participation. Based on in-depth qualitative interviews with 178 healthy volunteers enrolled in various clinical trials, we found that participants focus on myriad characteristics of clinical trials when assessing risk and making enrolment decisions. These factors include the short-term and long-term effects; required medical procedures; the type of trial, including its design, therapeutic area of investigation, and dosage of the drug; the amount of compensation; and trust in the research clinic. In making determinations about the study risks, participants rely on information provided during the consent process, their own and others’ experiences in clinical trials, and comparisons among studies. Our findings indicate that the informed consent process succeeds in communicating well about certain types of risk information while simultaneously creating lacunae that are problematically filled by participants through their collective experiences and assumptions about risk. We discuss the ethical implications of these findings and make recommendations for improving the consent process in healthy volunteer trials.