bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Tourism Planning of Zimbabwe for 1980-2018: A Critical Assessment
Authors: Dr Shepherd Nyaruwata  
Published: November 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess how far the government of Zimbabwe’s tourism policies and strategies have affected the development of the tourism and hospitality sector.
Methods: The study was based on a review of the literature on tourism development in Zimbabwe. A range of peer-reviewed papers, reports from the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). reports from the Zimbabwe Tourism Authority (ZTA), and those of the Ministry of Environment, Tourism, and Hospitality Industry were consulted. The information offered a clear picture of how far the government had contributed to influencing the development of the tourism and hospitality industry during the period.
Results: The results of the study showed that for the period up to 2000 the government played only a facilitating role in the development of the sector. The results further showed that the government took a more proactive role in planning the development of the industry only when the persistent negative image of the country threatened the collapse of the sector.
Implications: It is recommended that the country effectively implements the National Tourism Master Plan and the National Tourism Sector Strategy which were launched in 2016 and 2018 respectively. A constant review of the National Tourism Sector Strategy will ensure an effective response to the global and national macro-economic, social and political changes that will occur during the plan period.
Analysis of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in the Tourism Industry in Tanzania
Authors: Ladislaus Fredrick Batinoluho  
Published: November 2020

Purpose: The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the commercial sexual exploitation of children in the tourism industry in Tanzania and to propose mitigation measures.
Methods: This study was based on the desk review of published materials. Critical analysis of commercial sex exploitation of children in the Tourism (CSECT) industry in Tanzania was conducted.
Results: According to the findings, children in Tanzania are involved in commercial sex trade with tourists and residents. This perception was also supported by the studies which were conducted by End Child Prostitution and Trafficking International (ECPAT International) in Tanzania in 2013 and in Kenya, Zambia, and South Africa in 2015.
Implications: The problem of commercial sex exploitation of children in Tourism is aggravated by poverty and the trafficking of children for child labor engagement. The study serves as an early wake-up call for the policymakers in Tanzania. The study recommends prevention, protection, prosecution, policy, and mobilize coordinated national action to end the problem.
Developing a Model for Packaging and Popularizing Township Tourism in Zimbabwe
Authors: Precious Mazhande  , Patrick Walter Mamimine  
Published: November 2020

Purpose: There is tremendous potential for vibrant township tourism in Zimbabwe. The country boasts an abundance of township tourism resources such as monuments of colonial history, administrative centers, informal sector activities, co-existence of traditional and modern cuisine, art and craft centers, community markets, iconic personalities and buildings, and others. Despite this rich heritage of tourism resources, township tourism has failed to attract a critical mass of clients to make it viable thereby depriving the country of potential revenue of this form of alternative tourism. Keeping this in mind, the main objective of the study was to develop a model for packaging and popularising township tourism in Zimbabwe.
Method: The study adopted a qualitative methodology. Data were collected from Tour operators, residents, and Zimbabwe Tourism Authority through participant observations and in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed using a thematic approach.
Results: The study revealed key challenges to the growth of township tourism being lack of finance, lack of support from authorities, illegal operators, and limited access to markets, stringent operational laws, and poor understanding of the concept. Furthermore, tour operators and residents were of the view that information should be disseminated through publicity associations, using brochures and travel shows to aid in popularising township tourism. Respondents highlighted the need for educating all stakeholders on township tourism and creating mutual relationships.
Implications: Recommendations included stakeholder involvement and tour operators’ in-depth knowledge of iconic tourism resources in the township. It further recommends a strategic partnership with international tour operators offering township tourism.
Relation Between Fatigue and ACR Response in Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis Treated With Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Therapy: A Population-based Cohort Study
Authors: Jørgensen Tanja Schjødt , Skougaard Marie , Hansen Rebekka Lund , Ballegaard Christine , Mease Philip , Strand Vibeke , Dreyer Lene , Kristensen Lars Erik 
Published: November 2020

Objective.The objective of this population-based cohort study was to investigate the association between fatigue with disease activity and drug survival in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) receiving their first tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi).Methods.Data on patient characteristics, disease activity, and drug survival were obtained from the DANBIO database on all patients with PsA from 2006 through 2015. Information on comorbidities was obtained through linkage with the Danish National Patient Registry.Results.A total of 880 patients were eligible for analyses. Patients with upper median fatigue scores had statistically significant higher disease activity measures (Disease Activity Score in 28 joints based on C-reactive protein), pain, and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) scores; tender joint counts; comorbidities (Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥ 2); and current smoking status at baseline compared to patients with lower median fatigue scores (P < 0.05). In the upper median fatigue group, fewer patients achieved American College of Rheumatology (ACR) responses and improvements in visual analog scale (VAS) fatigue compared to patients in the lower median fatigue group. Kaplan-Meier curves showed shorter drug survival in patients in the upper median fatigue group compared with the lower median fatigue group at 6-month follow-up.Conclusion.Fatigue remains a dominating symptom after TNFi treatment, and is associated with higher baseline disease activity, pain, and HAQ scores; more comorbidities; and increased risk of TNFi treatment discontinuation in a cohort of Danish patients with PsA. The agreement between ACR and VAS fatigue responses is weak to moderate, suggesting heterogeneity between experienced fatigue and joint inflammation.
Descriptive Comparisons of the Effect of Apremilast and Methotrexate Monotherapy in Oligoarticular Psoriatic Arthritis: The Corrona Psoriatic Arthritis/Spondyloarthritis Registry Results
Authors: Ogdie Alexis , Liu Mei , Glynn Meghan , Emeanuru Kelechi , Harrold Leslie R. , Richter Sven , Guerette Benoit , Mease Philip J. 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveTherapeutic response was evaluated among new apremilast, methotrexate (MTX), or biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (bDMARD) initiators with oligoarticular psoriatic arthritis (PsA).MethodsPatients with oligoarticular PsA in the Corrona PsA/Spondyloarthritis Registry initiating treatment with apremilast, MTX, or bDMARD, and completing 6-month follow-up were included.ResultsIn total, 150 patients initiated monotherapy (apremilast: n = 34; MTX: n = 15; bDMARD: n = 101). Apremilast initiators had higher baseline disease activity than MTX initiators. At follow-up, apremilast initiators experienced numerically greater disease activity improvements than MTX initiators and similar improvements to bDMARD initiators.ConclusionFindings suggest apremilast monotherapy is an effective option for patients with oligoarticular PsA.
Risk of Osteoarthritis in an Incident Cohort of People With Psoriatic Arthritis: A Population-based Cohort Study
Authors: Charlton Rachel A. , Green Amelia , Shaddick Gavin , Snowball Julia , Nightingale Alison , Tillett William , Smith Catherine , McHugh Neil J. 
Published: November 2020

Objective.To determine the risk of a diagnosis of osteoarthritis (OA) in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) compared to patients with psoriasis and a general population cohort.Methods.Incident PsA patients aged 18–89 years at diagnosis were identified from the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink between 1998 and 2014. All patients with PsA were matched to 2 cohorts of patients, both at a 1:4 ratio. The first cohort included patients with psoriasis (and no PsA) and the second was a general population cohort (with no psoriasis or PsA). The baseline prevalence of OA was calculated for each study cohort. The incidence of OA was calculated, and adjusted relative risks (RRadj) were calculated using conditional Poisson regression.Results.We identified 6783 incident PsA patients. The baseline prevalence of OA ranged from 22.1% (95% CI 21.1–23.1) in the PsA cohort to 12.6% (95% CI 12.2–13.0) and 11.0% (95% CI 10.6–11.3) in the psoriasis and general population cohorts, respectively. The incidence of OA was significantly higher in the PsA cohort compared to the psoriasis and general population cohorts after adjusting for BMI (RRadj 1.68, 95% CI 1.46–1.93, and RRadj 1.86, 95% CI 1.62–2.14, respectively).Conclusion.An increased risk of OA was observed in patients with PsA compared to patients with psoriasis alone and those in the general population. Further work is needed to determine whether this reflects a true increase in OA risk or misdiagnosed PsA, and the extent to which it can be explained by differences in the opportunity for OA diagnosis between cohorts.
Relationship Between Depression and Disease Activity in United States Veterans With Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Receiving Methotrexate
Authors: Rathbun Alan M. , England Bryant R. , Mikuls Ted R. , Ryan Alice S. , Barton Jennifer L. , Shardell Michelle D. , Hochberg Marc C. 
Published: November 2020

Objective.Depression is common in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), exacerbates disease activity, and may decrease response to first-line disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. This study aimed to determine if depression affects disease activity among veterans with early RA prescribed methotrexate (MTX).Methods.Participants included veterans enrolled in the Veterans Affairs Rheumatoid Arthritis (VARA) registry with early RA (onset < 2 yrs) prescribed MTX. Depression was assessed at enrollment using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision codes (296.2–296.39, 300.4, 311). Disease activity was measured using the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) and other core measures of RA disease activity. Propensity score weights were used to adjust depressed (n = 48) and nondepressed (n = 220) patients on baseline confounders within imputed datasets. Weighted estimating equations were used to assess standardized mean differences in disease activity between depressed and nondepressed patients at 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year follow-ups.Results.The analytic sample was composed of 268 veterans with early RA prescribed MTX who were predominantly male (n = 239, 89.2%) and older (62.7 yrs, SD 10.6) than patients with RA in the general population. Adjusted estimates indicated that depression was associated with significantly higher DAS28 at 6 months (β 0.35, 95% CI 0.01–0.68) but not at the 1- or 2-year follow-up. Also, depression was associated with significantly worse pain at 6 months (β 0.39, 95% CI 0.04–0.73) and 1 year (β 0.40, 95% CI 0.04–0.75).Conclusion.In early RA, depression is associated with greater short-term disease activity during MTX treatment, as well as more persistent and severe pain.
The Performances of the ACR 1997, SLICC 2012, and EULAR/ACR 2019 Classification Criteria in Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Batu Ezgi D. , Akca Ummusen Kaya , Kısaarslan Aysenur Pac , Sağ Erdal , Demir Ferhat , Demir Selcan , Çiçek Sümeyra Özdemir , Poyrazoglu Hakan , Sozeri Betül , Bilginer Yelda , Ozen Seza 
Published: November 2020

Objective.Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease. The American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1997, Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) 2012, and European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR)/ACR 2019 SLE classification criteria are formed based on data mainly from adult patients. We aimed to test the performances of the SLE classification criteria among pediatric patients with SLE.Methods.Pediatric patients with SLE (n = 262; 80.9% female) were included from 3 different centers in Turkey. As controls, 174 children (60.9% female) with other diseases who had ANA (antinuclear antibody) test results were included. The gold standard for SLE diagnosis was expert opinion.Results.The sensitivities of the ACR 1997, SLICC 2012, and EULAR/ACR 2019 criteria were 68.7%, 95.4%, and 91.6%, respectively. The specificities of the ACR 1997, SLICC 2012, and EULAR/ACR 2019 criteria were 94.8%, 89.7%, and 88.5%, respectively. Eighteen patients with SLE met the SLICC 2012 but not the EULAR/ACR 2019 criteria. Among these, hematologic involvement was prominent (n = 13; 72.2%). Eight patients with SLE fulfilled the EULAR/ACR 2019 but not the SLICC 2012 criteria. Among these, joint involvement was prominent (n = 6; 75%).Conclusion.To our knowledge, this is the largest cohort study of pediatric SLE to test the performances of all 3 classification criteria. The SLICC 2012 criteria yielded the best sensitivity, whereas the ACR 1997 criteria had the best specificity. SLICC 2012 criteria performed better than EULAR/ACR 2019 criteria. Separation of different hematological manifestations in the SLICC 2012 criteria might have contributed to the higher performance of this criteria set.
Cómo perciben los menores infractores la justicia que se les aplica: un acercamiento desde la justicia procedimental
Authors: Pérez Jiménez Fátima , Becerra Muñoz José , Aguilar Conde Araceli 
Published: November 2020

Esta investigación pretende conocer en qué medida los menores sancionados perciben el proceso penal como justo, atendiendo a su relación con los distintos operadores jurídicos con los que han tenido contacto. Para ello se ha elaborado un cuestionario adhoc el cual, tras haber sido sometido a un proceso de validación por expertos, se ha pasado a una muestra de infractores que están cumpliendo una medida sancionadora en la provincia de Málaga. Los resultados dejan ver que los elementos que hacen percibir el proceso penal juvenil como justo pueden no estar suficientemente presentes entre estos jóvenes. Asimismo, las diferencias en la valoración de los distintos profesionales que contactan con ellos parecen ser notables.
Las videograbaciones académicas y las competencias de Ciencias Sociales en estudiantes de cuarto grado de secundaria de Huamachuco, Perú
Authors: Otiniano Reyes Elías , Guerrero Alberca Juan Carlos , Huamani Pumacahua Sarai 
Published: November 2020

La investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre videograbaciones académicas y las competencias de ciencias sociales de los estudiantes de cuarto grado de secundaria de la Institución Educativa N° 80921 Nemesio Vargas Marquina Huamachuco. El tipo de investigación básica teórica, nivel descriptivo, con diseño correlacional, se usó el método hipotético deductivo, con una muestra de 60 estudiantes, se utilizó la técnica del examen con sus instrumentos la rúbrica para ambas variables. Para la correlación y prueba de hipótesis se hizo uso de coeficiente “r” de Pearson para la escala de intervalos. Se concluyó que existe relación directa y significativa las videograbaciones y las competencias de ciencias sociales en los estudiantes del cuarto grado de secundaria de la Institución Educativa N° 80921 Nemesio Vargas Marquina Huamachuco, demostrado por Rho de Spearman de 0,339 y un p-valor de significancia de 0,000, a un nivel de 0,05 de significancia.
Engenharia de Produção e a Indústria 4.0
Authors: Domingues Luiz Henrique 
Published: November 2020

A quarta revolução industrial traz em si um processo de transformação socioeconômico profundo, com alterações expressivas no comportamento das relações comerciais, industriais e pessoais. Especificamente, as indústrias enfrentam hoje um mundo bastante globalizado e amplamente conectado, os desafios a serem vencidos são cada vez maiores. Agilidade e assertividade são essenciais para inovar e atender demandas mundiais cada vez mais personalizadas e rápidas. A produção tem se tornado cada dia mais inteligente e flexível para adequar capacidades produtivas e atender as expectativas dos clientes. O que eram simples processos, se tornaram linhas automatizadas, processos complexos e interligados. No centro desse turbilhão concentram-se as pessoas que precisam ser capazes de lidar com essa complexidade de forma estratégica. Nesse sentido, qualificar os profissionais é uma necessidade eminente. Apontada como uma das vertentes de capacitação para a Indústria 4.0, as instituições de ensino superior são o foco desse estudo para identificar se os profissionais que atuarão nesse ambiente estão sendo capacitados para enfrentar esses desafios. Especificamente, apontada em vários relatórios como a Engenharia integradora de tecnologia, automação e gestão, a Engenharia de produção entra em voga como um dos personagens centrais no fornecimento de profissionais que conduzirão processos de implementação da Indústria 4.0.	O primeiro capítulo deste livro fornece uma definição da Indústria 4.0 e identifica oito áreas-chave para a sua implementação e enquanto o segundo capítulo traz a interdependência e sinergia entre sistema Lean Manufacturing e a Indústria 4.0, destacando seus pontos em comum e os benefícios mútuos. O terceiro capítulo se propõe revisar brevemente a história da estratégia de manufatura e, então, revisar o campo de várias perspectivas diferentes, finalizando com a comparação e avaliação destas diferentes perspectivas e as ligações entre elas. Já o quarto e último capítulo deste livro traz o estudo sobre um novo algoritmo de otimização metaheurística inspirado nos eventos de uma partida de basquete, chamado de Basketball Game Optimization Algorithm (BGOA). Não resta dúvidas que o leitor terá em mãos extraordinários referenciais para pesquisas, estudos, identificação e concepção de melhorias e implementação de sistemas que envolvem pessoas, materiais, informações, equipamentos, energia e maiores conhecimentos e habilidades dentro de uma linha de produção. Por fim, está coletânea visa colaborar com os estudos da Engenharia de Produção e da Indústria 4.0, através de autores de renome na área científica, que podem contribuir com o tema.
Pemikiran Pendidikan Islam Pada Era Kontemporer
Authors: Hanafy Sain 
Published: November 2020

This paper discusses the development of contemporary Islamic education by describing the thoughts of Abdurrahman Mas'ud, Hasan Langgulung, and Abdul Munir Mulkhan. Abdurrahman Mas'ud offers the humanistic and religious format of nondikotomic education, which connects human beings with their God (Hablum Minallah) and between human and human (Hablum Minannas). The purpose of education according to him is to prepare life in the world and the hereafter. Hasan Langgulung offers an idea of the principles of Islamic education. According to him, education can be viewed from two points of view. First, from the perspective of society, that education is a process of cultural inheritance, from the old generation to the younger generation, so that the community can maintain its personality with the basis of Islamic values. Second, from individual perspective, education means the development effort of individual potentials to be actualized concretely so that the results can be beneficial to individuals and society. Langgulung educational thinking is based on the perspective of psychology, education is needed to meet and maintain the sustainability of human life. While Abdul Munir Mulkhan's educational thought is more influenced by a sociological perspective critically. In general, education only prioritizes aspects of intelligence (cognition) and skills (psychomotor), thus ignoring the aspects of personality (emotional). Therefore, he argues, spiritual reasoning is the solution to the philosophical problems of education because the personality or consciousness of manners will increase religiosity (spiritual intelligence) as the base of creative consciousness. According to Mulkhan, education is the right of human beings in maintaining humanitarian agreements so that in their life will realize the awareness of pluralism in the society
Generasi Rabbani
Authors: Maliki Noval 
Published: November 2020

The obligation of preaching is essential for all the Muslim that is appropriated by the capability and proficiency every Muslim because the meaning of religious preacher generally is every Muslim or Muslim women of Mukallaf, the obligation attaches and does not separate from the mission as the Muslim. Moreover, for special meaning are they taking special proficiency (mutakhassis) in Islam religion recognized as Islamic teacher. Then, in conveying the preaching, the religious preacher wants the preaching material that was message conveyed by the religious preacher to mad’u that includes the truth and kindness for the people that source from al-Quran and Prophet Muhammad (Hadis) covered faith, Islamic law, and behavior with kinds of knowledge that achieved by him. Nevertheless, in conveying the preaching material, a religious preacher must determine the media to be used; it is able in oral, written, portrayal, audio visual and behavior. The awareness will be importance of media of preaching in conveying the preaching material to get the preaching’s goal. So that, many religious teachers have taken advantage the media of television as the facility in distributing the preaching. One of the religious teachers is Jefri al-Bukhori. He introduces as massive message of preaching in Rabbani generation through television. The Rabbani generation is the generation who believes and Islamic theology, and between of those trusting in God, patience, and positive thinking. To get this matter, it is needed the role and active parents and family’s role to be always train, giving guiding and presenting the environment for the children that always full of Islamic condition