bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Physical Cues of Biomaterial Scaffolds on Stem Cell Behavior
Authors: Wang Shuo , Hashemi Sharareh , Stratton Scott , Arinzeh Treena Livingston 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStem cells have been sought as a promising cell source in the tissue engineering field due to their proliferative capacity as well as differentiation potential. Biomaterials have been utilized to facilitate the delivery of stem cells in order to improve their engraftment and long‐term viability upon implantation. Biomaterials also have been developed as scaffolds to promote stem cell induced tissue regeneration. This review focuses on the latter where the biomaterial scaffold is designed to provide physical cues to stem cells in order to promote their behavior for tissue formation. Recent work that explores the effect of scaffold physical properties, topography, mechanical properties and electrical properties, is discussed. Although still being elucidated, the biological mechanisms, including cell shape, focal adhesion distribution, and nuclear shape, are presented. This review also discusses emerging areas and challenges in clinical translation.
Development of MOF “Armor‐Plated” Phycocyanin and Synergistic Inhibition of Cellular Respiration for Hypoxic Photodynamic Therapy in Patient‐Derived Xenograft Models
Authors: Chen Danyang , Suo Meng , Guo Jiancheng , Tang Wenxue , Jiang Wei , Liu Ying , Duo Yanhong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSignificant progress has been made in the use of phycocyanin (PC) as a photosensitizer (PS) agent for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The clinical use of PC, however, has been limited by its poor stability, unfavorable pharmacokinetics, limited tumor cell uptake, and the hypoxic nature of the tumor microenvironment. In this study, a novel biomimetic mineralization approach is described for encapsulating PC using zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8), after which MPEG2000‐COOH is further utilized as an anchor on the ZIF/PC complex in order to yield MPEG2000‐ZIF/PC composites (PMs). These PMs are then used as a stable reinforced PS for PDT, effectively improving the intracellular delivery of this protein PS. In contrast to prior studies that have sought to overcome intratumoral hypoxia via increasing oxygen delivery to the tumor site, the mitochondrial complex I inhibitor papaverine (PPV) is instead utilized to reduce intratumor oxygen consumption in an effort to augment the PDT efficacy of the PMs. It is found that this combination treatment strategy markedly improves the antitumor properties of these PMs both in vitro and in patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) models without inducing significant side effects. It is therefore proposed that the “armor‐plating” of protein PS agents with ZIF‐8 in combination with PPV may be a promising approach to precision medicine‐mediated tumor treatment.
Patient‐Derived Prostate Cancer Explants: A Clinically Relevant Model to Assess siRNA‐Based Nanomedicines
Authors: Tieu Terence , Irani Swati , Bremert Kayla L. , Ryan Natalie K. , Wojnilowicz Marcin , Helm Madison , Thissen Helmut , Voelcker Nicolas H. , Butler Lisa M. , Cifuentes‐Rius Anna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOver the last thirty years, research in nanomedicine has widely been focused on applications in cancer therapeutics. However, despite the plethora of reported nanoscale drug delivery systems that can successfully eradicate solid tumor xenografts in vivo, many of these formulations have not yet achieved clinical translation. This issue particularly pertains to the delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA), a highly attractive tool for selective gene targeting. One of the likely reasons behind the lack of translation is that current in vivo models fail to recapitulate critical elements of clinical solid tumors that may influence drug response, such as cellular heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment. This study incorporates a more clinically relevant model for assessing siRNA delivery systems; ex vivo culture of prostate cancer harvested from patients who have undergone radical prostatectomy, denoted patient‐derived explants (PDE). The model retains native human tissue architecture, microenvironment, and cell signaling pathways. Porous silicon nanoparticles (pSiNPs) behavior in this model is investigated and compared with commonly used 3D cancer cell spheroids for their efficacy in the delivery of siRNA directed against the androgen receptor (AR), a key driver of prostate cancer.
Alloyed Palladium–Silver Nanowires Enabling Ultrastable Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Formate
Authors: Han Na , Sun Mingzi , Zhou Yuan , Xu Jie , Cheng Chen , Zhou Rui , Zhang Liang , Luo Jun , Huang Bolong , Li Yanguang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPalladium can enable the electrochemical CO2 reduction to formate with nearly zero overpotential and good selectivity. However, it usually has very limited stability owing to CO poisoning from the side reaction intermediate. Herein, it is demonstrated that alloying palladium with silver is a viable strategy to significantly enhance the electrocatalytic stability. Palladium–silver alloy nanowires are prepared in aqueous solution with tunable chemical compositions, large aspect ratio, and roughened surfaces. Thanks to the unique synergy between palladium and silver, these nanowires exhibit outstanding electrocatalytic performances for selective formate production. Most remarkably, impressive long‐term stability is measured even at < ‐0.4 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode where people previously believed that formate cannot be stably formed on palladium. Such stability results from the enhanced CO tolerance and selective stabilization of key reaction intermediates on alloy nanowires as supported by detailed electrochemical characterizations and theoretical computations.
High‐Performance Poly(vinylidene difluoride)/Dopamine Core/Shell Piezoelectric Nanofiber and Its Application for Biomedical Sensors
Authors: Li Tong , Qu Minghe , Carlos Corey , Gu Long , Jin Fei , Yuan Tao , Wu Xiaowei , Xiao Jijun , Wang Ting , Dong Wei , Wang Xudong , Feng Zhang‐Qi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFabrication of soft piezoelectric nanomaterials is essential for the development of wearable and implantable biomedical devices. However, a big challenge in this soft functional material development is to achieve a high piezoelectric property with long‐term stability in a biological environment. Here, a one‐step strategy for fabricating core/shell poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF)/dopamine (DA) nanofibers (NFs) with a very high β‐phase content and self‐aligned polarization is reported. The self‐assembled core/shell structure is believed essential for the formation and alignment of β‐phase PVDF, where strong intermolecular interaction between the NH2 groups on DA and the CF2 groups on PVDF is responsible for aligning the PVDF chains and promoting β‐phase nucleation. The as‐received PVDF/DA NFs exhibit significantly enhanced piezoelectric performance and excellent stability and biocompatibility. An all‐fiber‐based soft sensor is fabricated and tested on human skin and in vivo in mice. The devices show a high sensitivity and accuracy for detecting weak physiological mechanical stimulation from diaphragm motions and blood pulsation. This sensing capability offers great diagnostic potential for the early assessment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases and respiratory disorders.
Emerging Perovskite Materials with Different Nanostructures for Photodetectors
Authors: Gu Hao , Chen Shan‐Ci , Zheng Qingdong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn recent years, solution‐processed lead trihalide perovskites have been widely used as semiconductors in photodetectors with their salient features of tunable direct bandgap, long carrier lifetime, extended diffusion length, and high carrier mobility, etc. For the photodetector application, perovskites with different structures ranging from the traditional 3D perovskites to the emerging 2D perovskites, to 1D nanowires, and to 0D quantum dots, have been synthesized. In this perspective, the recent advances in the strategies of preparing novel lead trihalide perovskites with different nanostructures are summarized together with an overview on their application in photodetectors including photoconductors, photodiodes, and phototransistors. The semiconductor selection and structure–performance relationships of various photodetectors over the past 5 years are discussed comprehensively. Finally, a brief summary as well as an in‐depth discussion regarding the current challenges and perspectives for the future development of perovskite‐based photodetectors is presented.
Deep Blue Layered Lead Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diode
Authors: Yan Siyu , Tian Wanli , Chen Hua , Tang Kaixin , Lin Tingting , Zhong Gaoyu , Qiu Longzhen , Pan Xiaoyong , Wang Weizhi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe perovskite light‐emitting diode (PeLED) based on lead has the advantages of excellent purity, high efficiency, and good brightness. In order to develop a highly luminescent and deep blue lead halide perovskite light emitting diode, here, a two‐dimensional layered lead perovskite owning the high deep blue photoluminescence quantum yield 80% at 445 nm is reported. In addition, the maximum recording brightness and the peak external quantum efficiency of the PeLED is 1315 cd m−2 and 3.08%, respectively, which outdoes that of previously reported deep blue lead PeLEDs. The half‐life of the device reaches 3.5 h at 5 V. This work clearly shows that the layered lead perovskite will provide a route to fabricate stable and high‐performance deep blue emission PeLEDs.
Optically Activated 3D Thin‐Shell TiO2 for Super‐Sensitive Chemoresistive Responses: Toward Visible Light Activation
Authors: Cho Donghwi , Suh Jun Min , Nam Sang‐Hyeon , Park Seo Yun , Park Minsu , Lee Tae Hyung , Choi Kyoung Soon , Lee Jinho , Ahn Changui , Jang Ho Won , Shim Young‐Seok , Jeon Seokwoo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOne of the well‐known strategies for achieving high‐performance light‐activated gas sensors is to design a nanostructure for effective surface responses with its geometric advances. However, no study has gone beyond the benefits of the large surface area and provided fundamental strategies to offer a rational structure for increasing their optical and chemical performances. Here, a new class of UV‐activated sensing nanoarchitecture made of highly periodic 3D TiO2, which facilitates 55 times enhanced light absorption by confining the incident light in the nanostructure, is prepared as an active gas channel. The key parameters, such as the total 3D TiO2 film and thin‐shell thicknesses, are precisely optimized by finite element analysis. Collectively, this fundamental design leads to ultrahigh chemoresistive response to NO2 with a theoretical detection limit of ≈200 ppt. The demonstration of high responses with visible light illumination proposes a future perspective for light‐activated gas sensors based on semiconducting oxides.
Addressing the Elusive Polaronic Nature of Multiple Redox States in a π‐Conjugated Ladder‐Type Polymer
Authors: Fazzi Daniele , Negri Fabrizia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPoly(benzimidazole–benzophenanthroline) (BBL) is a ladder‐type conjugated polymer showing remarkable charge transport properties. Upon doping it displays various conductive regimes, leading to two insulator‐to‐conductor transitions. Such transitions are never fully characterized, limiting understanding of its charged states. Open issues are: i) the electron/hole polaron relaxations, ii) the structure–function relationships of multiple redox states and their connection with the conductive regimes, and iii) the role of protonation. Such knowledge‐gaps are tackled via a comprehensive computational investigation of multiple redox species. Polarons show polyradicaloid character, as revealed by combining broken‐symmetry density functional theory, fragment orbital density, and multireference analysis. Electron/hole polaron relaxations occur on the polymer chain, the former localizing on the benzophenanthroline moieties, the latter on the benzimidazole units. Modeling of multiple charged species, up to one electron per repeat unit (1 eru), reveals a complex scenario of quasidegenerate states each featuring different spin multiplicity. Four redox states are responsible for the BBL insulator‐to‐conductor transitions. The two high conductive states refer to the electron polaron (0.25 eru) and the redox species with 0.75 eru. The insulating regimes refer to the bipolaron (0.50 eru) and the redox state with 1 eru. Protonation is modeled, revealing polaron‐like features in the spectroscopic properties.
Electric‐Potential‐Induced Complete Control of Magnetization in MnZnSb Metallic Ferromagnets
Authors: Greve Martin Møller , Das Bijoy , Issac Ibrahim , Witte Ralf , Wang Di , Kruk Robert , Hahn Horst , Dasgupta Subho 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMagnetoelectric coupling refers to electric‐field control of magnetism, which may offer low‐power memory and beyond‐CMOS electronics. However, contenders of magnetic phase change materials, such as the dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMS), show weak ferromagnetism whereas the ultra‐small screening lengths of robust metallic magnets in artificially stacked thin film heterostructures reduce the extent of controllable magnetization to sub‐atomic distances, thereby diminishing the sheer magnitude of the tunable magnetization. In contrast, an electrochemical control of magnetization has recently been proposed where reversible electrochemistry/ion‐exchange is used to control magnetism in bulk ferromagnets. However, so far, ionic control of magnetism is limited to spinel ferrites and highly correlated oxide systems. Here, it is reported that the ionic control of magnetism can be extended to metallic ferromagnets; complete and reversible switching of ferromagnetism is demonstrated in bulk MnZnSb intermetallic compounds at room temperature. An electrochemically controlled reversible tuning of magnetization across the magnetic phase transition temperature is demonstrated. The observed phenomenon can be explained by the distortion of the crystal lattice, upon Li‐ion insertion into the MnZnSb interstitial sites, accompanied by a change in the magnetic moment of the manganese ions; acting together, both these effects lead to the collapse of the ferromagnetic order in MnZnSb.
Molecular‐Scale Design of Cellulose‐Based Functional Materials for Flexible Electronic Devices
Authors: Pang Bo , Jiang Geyuan , Zhou Jianhong , Zhu Ying , Cheng Wanke , Zhao Dawei , Wang Kangjun , Xu Guangwen , Yu Haipeng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStructural design and self‐assembly at the molecular level provide feasible strategies for constructing materials with novel and unique properties. Cellulose is one of the most abundant bioresources and is renewable, biodegradable, biocompatible, and environmentally friendly. The formation of hydrogen‐bonding networks between the cellulose molecular chains on the one hand gives cellulose a rigid crystalline region and high mechanical strength and on the other hand it causes inconvenience to material design based on the molecular scale. The emergence of eco‐friendly solvents such as ionic liquids and alkali/urea solutions breaks the hydrogen bonds and allows the design of various cellulose‐based functional materials, such as membranes, gels, fibers, and nano/microspheres via structural optimization and molecular self‐assembly. Such functional materials have promising applications in flexible electronic devices, such as electrochemical energy storage devices, sensors, biomimetic electronic skins, and optoelectronic devices. In this review, green solvents for cellulose, the dissolution–recombination process, molecular self‐assembly strategies, advanced applications, and future development prospects for high‐performance cellulose‐based functional materials with unique structures are presented.
2D WS2 Based Asymmetric Schottky Photodetector with High Performance
Authors: Gao Wei , Zhang Shuai , Zhang Feng , Wen Peiting , Zhang Li , Sun Yiming , Chen Hongyu , Zheng Zhaoqiang , Yang Mengmeng , Luo Dongxiang , Huo Nengjie , Li Jingbo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTwo‐dimensional‐material‐based self‐driven photodetectors show high sensitivity, fast and broadband response under built‐in electric field in a P–N junction configuration. However, the methods, including doping and multiple transfer processes, for constructing the heterostructures is complex and time‐costing. On the other hand, asymmetric Schottky barrier heights caused by metal electrodes scale, kinds, contact area and thickness can lead to zero‐bias driven photo‐response. In this work, a metal–semiconductor–metal irregular WS2 photodetector with symmetric electrodes are achieved by wet‐transfer. A high zero‐bias photo‐responsivity of 777 mA W−1, a fast response speed of 7.8/37.2 ms, a Ilight/Idark ratio of 104 and a high detectivity of 4.94 × 1011 Jones under 405 nm light are obtained because of a Schottky barrier height difference of ≈50.2 mV through Fermi‐level pinning effect and different contact area. The responsivity at −2 V is stable in the range of 2.23 to 3.45 A W−1 and the empirical factor reaches to 0.99 by the efficient carrier generation process. The WS2 asymmetric Schottky photodetectors outperform most heterostructure based photodiodes. This paper provides a facile route toward self‐powered photodetectors with high performance, easy processing and simple architecture for future applications.
Can soil phosphorus sorption saturation estimate future potential legacy phosphorus sources?
Authors: Sharpley A. N. , Brye K. R. , Burke J. M. , Berry L. G. , Daniels M. B. , Webb P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractVarious soil extraction methods are used to indicate plant available P in soil but do not account for soil specific sorption of subsequent applications of P. Thus, estimates of soil phosphorus sorption saturation (PSS; estimated from Mehlich‐3 extractable P, Al, and Fe) have been used in conjunction with Mehlich‐3 extractable soil phosphorus (M3P) to overcome these limitations. As less is known about the effect of land management on PSS than M3P under field conditions, the effect of field management on PSS was investigated for three pastures over 5 yr (2014–2018). Swine slurry was applied to two fields (Field 1 received 60 kg P and 74 kg N and Field 12 received 60 kg P and 74 kg N ha−1 yr−1), mineral fertilizer to one field (Field 5 received 28 kg P and 64 kg N ha−1 yr−1), and all fields grazed by cattle. Biannual grid‐soil sampling (0.1‐ha grid) showed an increase in PSS in the surface 10 cm of two fields receiving swine slurry (7.8–12.0% and 6.0–11.0% for Fields 1 and 12, respectively; P < .05 level) between 2014 and 2018, while no change in PSS was evident for Field 5 receiving mineral fertilizer (P > .05 level). Compared with published values, measured increases in PSS suggest that soils of Fields 1 and 12 are transitioning from sinks to sources of P in specific areas of the field due to P applications and cattle grazing, and that management should change to minimize the potential for P runoff.
Strategies to reduce plant height in dual‐use intermediate wheatgrass cropping systems
Authors: Zimbric Joseph W. , Stoltenberg David E. , Picasso Valentin D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntermediate wheatgrass [IWG; Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey] is a perennial cereal and forage crop marketed for its grain, Kernza. Lodging, which is correlated with plant height, can reduce IWG grain yield. Our goal was to determine the effects of the plant growth regulator trinexapac‐ethyl (TE) application rate; forage harvest timing; and N rate on IWG plant height, lodging, aboveground biomass, grain yield, and harvest index. The experiment was established in 2015 in southern Wisconsin using a population of IWG bred for increased grain yield. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks with three replications of a factorial arrangement of three factors: TE rate (0, 0.22, 0.66 kg a.i. ha−1), forage harvest timing (unharvested, summer, summer + fall, spring + summer + fall), and N rate (90 and 135 kg N ha−1). Responses were measured in the second (2017) and third (2018) production years of IWG. Lodging was not observed. No interactions among treatment factors were detected. Plant height was 6% lower, grain yield was 26% higher, and harvest index was 48% higher in the low TE rate treatment compared to non‐treated, averaged across other factors. Harvesting forage in the spring + summer + fall reduced plant height by 7% compared to unharvested control but reduced grain yield by 11%. The high N rate increased plant height by 4% and grain yield by 26%. Using TE can be a viable strategy to reduce plant height and increase grain yield in IWG dual‐use (grain and forage) production systems.
Olfactory cleft mucus proteome in chronic rhinosinusitis: a case‐control pilot study
Authors: Soler Zachary M. , Schlosser Rodney J. , Mulligan Jennifer K. , Smith Timothy L. , Mace Jess C. , Ramakrishan Vijay R. , Norris‐Caneda Kim , Bethard Jennifer R. , Ball Lauren E. 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundMechanisms of smell loss in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are still unclear and likely multifactorial. Little attention has been given to olfactory cleft (OC) mucus proteins involved in odorant binding and metabolizing enzymes and their potential role in smell loss.MethodsMucus from the OC was sampled from patients with CRS (n = 20) and controls (n = 10). Liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry were performed, followed by data processing so that protein groups could be identified, quantified, and compared. Hierarchical clustering and bioinformatic analysis were performed on significantly different proteins to explore for enrichment in known biologic pathways.ResultsA total of 2514 proteins were found in OC mucus from all 30 subjects. Significant differences in protein abundance were found between CRS and controls, including both CRSsNP (n = 351 proteins; log2 fold change range: –3.88 to 6.71) and CRSwNP (n = 298 proteins; log2 fold change range: –4.00 to –6.13). Significant differences were found between patients with normosmia and those with dysosmia (n = 183; log2 fold change range: –3.62 to –2.16) and across groups of interest for a number of odorant binding proteins and metabolizing enzymes.ConclusionOC mucous in CRS displays a rich and abundant array of proteins, many of which have been implicated in odorant transport and metabolization in animal studies. Significant differences in the olfactory mucus proteome were seen between CRS subtypes and controls, as well as between those with normal and abnormal olfaction. Further study should confirm these findings and explore the role individual proteins play in odorant transport and metabolization. ©2020 ARSAAOA, LLC.