bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asset-based approaches to promote health in place-based communities: when the context matters
Authors: Cassetti V , Powell K , Barnes A , Sanders T 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
In recent years, asset-based approaches (ABAs) to promote health have increasingly been adopted as a strategy to reduce health inequalities between neighbourhoods. However, evidence of impact is still limited due to their complexity. This research aimed to explore what changes ABAs generate, studying two asset-based initiatives that train local lay people to become peer health promoters, implemented in two different settings (Spain and UK).

Methods
A five months ethnography was conducted in each setting between March 2018 and March 2019. Data were collected through 127 hours of observations and interviews with 44 participants (learners, community workers and health professionals). Thematic analysis was performed to explore the impacts of the interventions and their interactions with local contexts.

Results
Preliminary findings indicate that learners' self-confidence, knowledge and skills for addressing local health determinants increased in both settings. However, contextual factors played an important role in supporting or hindering wider impacts in the communities where the initiatives were implemented. Opportunities for working together across sectors and being supported by local institutions were key elements supporting learners to transfer the acquired confidence, skills and knowledge to other settings beyond the time and space of the initiatives. These learners reported volunteering more in their communities, developing new activities, or transferring skills in their workplace to change practice and attitudes.

Conclusions
This study found that ABAs initiatives implemented in communities have the potential to support reduction of inequalities through increasing people's skills, knowledge and self-confidence. However, it is key to work intersectorally to create enabling environments where these acquired capacities can be mobilised, as the context can support or hinder wider changes to occur.

Key messages
Asset-based interventions to promote health increase people knowledge, skills and self-confidence, but it is key to consider how contextual factors can favour or hinder the potential for wider impacts. Community structures and institutional support for joint working influence mobilisation of learners’ acquired confidence, skills and knowledge beyond the formal spaces of asset-based interventions.
Study of factors related to social and emotional skills in early childhood in Japan
Authors: Kobayashi M , Takakura M , Kakazu K , Gredzuk S , Masuzawa T , Kyan A , Ganaha Y , Endoh H 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
There are numerous reports that social and emotional skills in early childhood have profound influence on lifelong health. The aim of this research is to determine the relation between the lifestyle and the social and emotional skills among children in present day Japan.

Methods
The object of analysis was a total of 110 parents of kindergarten students (56 boys, 48 girls,6 gender unknown) from 3 kindergartens in central Okinawa Island. The survey was conducted in mid-December 2019. Regarding the content of the survey, parents were asked to answer on a five-point scale, based on their subjective opinion, how good is their child, as compared to other children, in each of the 9 sub-scales of the social and emotional skills proposed in the 2015 OECD report, namely “perseverance,” “self-control,” “passion for goals,” “sociability,” “respect,” “caring,” “self-esteem,” “optimism,” “confidence.” Additionally, other question items were set, mainly to ask about the child's own lifestyle.

Results
The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis are following. As for “achieving goals:” 3 items for perseverance - “there are few likes and dislikes about food (OR:2.67, 95％CI:1.03～6.94, p=.043),” “Time for playing games on smartphone is determined (OR:3.21, 95％CI:1.19～8.68, p=.021),” “Eat more fruits (OR:3.03, 95％CI:1.24～8.26, p=.016),” are statistically significant. [Other results are omitted in this abstract]

Conclusions
It became clear that the acquisition of social and emotional skills during early childhood generally involves regular lifestyle and “discipline” at home as a whole. Besides, it is important for parent and child to do various activities together, including those aiming to increase cognitive skills. This study is considered to be a powerful evidence for the development of future intervention programme, aimed at acquiring social and emotional skills in early childhood.

Key messages
In early childhood family and kindergarten have to cooperate to foster social and emotional skills, important for lifelong health. This study is considered to be a powerful evidence for the development of future intervention programme, aimed at acquiring social and emotional skills in early childhood.
Features of intersectoral collaboration in the field of public health at the local level
Authors: Manshina A , Popovich M V , Zinovieva V A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Studying the characteristics of intersectoral collaboration (IC) of representatives of various sectors in the development and implementation of programs for the prevention of noncommunicable diseases and the formation of a healthy lifestyle in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (RF).

Methods
Studying the opinions of representatives of various sectors on IC in the development and implementation of programs for the prevention of NCDs and the formation of a healthy lifestyle in four regions of the RF by interview. Identification of factors contributing to and hindering intersectoral interaction at the local level.

Results
In total, 43 interviews were conducted with representatives: municipal administrations, the public chamber, trade unions, non-profit organizations, departments of health, sports, culture, education, social protection, Labor and Employment, Federal Service for Oversight of Consumer Protection and Welfare. Factors contributing to IC: the presence of a coordination council; Support from the management of the entity; joint solution of tasks, the presence of horizontal links between departments and organizations involved in political decisions. Factors hindering IC: lack of a coordinating council; lack of a clear understanding of the tasks for which each agency is responsible and what results need to achieve in the end. Inadequate involvement of public non-profit organizations.

Conclusions
Intersectoral work is underway in the regions, in all the subjects surveyed, horizontal ties have been established between departments and organizations involved in making political decisions or influencing them. All participants recognize the importance and necessity of intersectoral work in the form of a council (commission). For effective intersectoral work, it is necessary to determine priorities in joint work, delimit areas of responsibility between participants, establish tasks that need to be achieved and performance determine criteria.

Key messages
Studying the characteristics of intersectoral collaboration (IC) of representatives of various sectors in the development and implementation of programs for the prevention of noncommunicable diseases. To ensure intersectoral work, it is necessary to determine priorities in joint work, delimit areas of responsibility, establish tasks and determine performance criteria.
Physical activity and gut microbiota: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gallè F , Valeriani F , Antinozzi M , Liguori R , Gianfranceschi G , Romano Spica V , Liguori G , Cattaruzza MS 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The composition of gut microbiota, and in particular the intestinal abundance of the two main bacterial phyla of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, are associated with human health and diseases and may be conditioned by host and environmental factors such as age, gender and diet. The role of Physical Activity (PA) in determining gut microbiota composition has not been yet completely clarified. A cross-sectional study involving undergraduates from two Italian cities is ongoing to explore this relationship.

Methods
Students were invited to provide a fecal sample and to complete the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) in order to define their habitual PA level (inactive, minimally active, health enhancing physical activity -HEPA- active). Demographic and anthropometric information were also collected. DNA from fecal samples was analyzed through the 16S amplicon sequencing. Microbial composition and variability of the samples were evaluated on the light of participants' PA levels.

Results
A total of 153 students (47.7% males, mean age 22.4±2.9, mean BMI 22.3±2.7) participated to the study so far. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the main represented phyla. An increase in Firmicutes (58.3±16 to 61.4±13.3, p = 0.68) and a reduction in Bacteroidetes (32.6±14.8 to 30.3±11.4, p = 0.51) have been registered with the increase of PA level. A higher variability (expressed as Shannon α-index) has been detected in minimally active (3.39±0.03) and HEPA-active (3.41±0) individuals respect to inactive subjects (3.35±0.07) (p = 0.05).

Conclusions
Even if they are not significant, these preliminary results suggest a relationship between PA levels and gut microbiota composition. An active lifestyle seems to be associated with a greater microbial diversity in the gut. Further researches are needed to explain these findings.

Key messages
Physical activity seems to be associated with gut microbiota composition. A greater variability in gut microbiota was found in active people.
Health impact of an intervention sport-competition-based in elderly: the “In-Common sport” project
Authors: Dallolio L , Colaci S , Masini A , Marini S , Cancela-Carral J M , Bezerra P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The health benefits of a regular physical activity (PA) in older people are well known but the majority of older people in Europe do not meet the recommended levels to maintain health. How to promote a regular PA in elderly is a responsibility and a challenge for Local Authorities. “IN COMMON SPORTS-Intergenerational Competition As Motivation For Sport And Healthy Lifestyle Of Senior Citizens” is a three year Erasmus+ Sport project which promotes active lifestyle in senior citizens bringing them closer to sport activities. The project involved five countries: Portugal, Italy, Spain, Bulgaria and Hungary. The aim of the study is to present one-year follow-up data of the Italian sample.

Methods
Quasi-experimental study with 121 participants over 60-aged recruited in Cesena (Italy) through newspaper advertising. The experimental group (EG) attended twice a week structured training sessions for two years. Sessions included aerobic activity of moderate intensity and muscle-strengthening activities interspersed with aerobic activity of vigorous intensity. The training was the basis for the preparation in a competition that took place in each country. The control group (CG) received the advice to practice regular PA. Upper limb muscle strength (Handgrip Test) was measured as primary outcome.

Results
One year follow-up analysis were conducted on 76 participants, 52 in EG and 24 in CG (mean age: 71±6.7) using ANOVA and ANCOVA to test the effects of the intervention. The EG significantly improved upper limb muscle strength (1.9±2.8) vs CG significantly worsened (-1.9±3.5). After adjusted for unbalanced variables, the comparison between groups showed a significant effect of intervention on handgrip test (p value=0,012).

Conclusions
”IN COMMON SPORTS” project has significantly improved handgrip strength in Italian participants. This test has shown to be a proxy of decline in cognition, mobility, functional status and mortality in older community-dwelling populations.

Key messages
IN COMMON SPORTS promotes active lifestyle in senior citizens bringing them closer to sport activities. The project has proven to be effective in improving handgrip strength.
How to make smoking prevention work for vulnerable populations: insights from French project DCAP
Authors: Georgelin B , Laurent A , Le Grand E , Soudier B , Gaspard S , Steering Committee DCAP , Berdougo F , Josserand L , Lombrail P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Issue
Smoking prevention interventions tend to reach with difficulty young people and disadvantaged groups in France. Yet, limited research provides practical evidence detailing tobacco prevention interventions (TPI) aimed at them. Documenting the practical experience of health promotion, social and education workers tackling this issue is therefore crucial. To that end, the French Society for Public Health designed and carries out a project to CAPitalize experiential Data on TPI: DCAP.

DCAP
Initiated in 2019, DCAP consists in capitalizing, i.e. collecting, documenting and circulating, experiential knowledge from practitioners who implement TPI at the local level for young people and vulnerable people. Goals include building up original knowledge from field actions, documenting how TPI unfold in various contexts and take into account health inequalities, and supporting professional practices. DCAP follows 3 main steps: 1/identifying promising TPI, 2/ documenting selected TPI and the key mechanisms impacting how TPI unfold (context, partnerships, barriers and levers, ethics), 3/ sharing knowledge built up on TPI, via an online portal.

Results
DCAP will document 40 interventions total. Preliminary results, based on TPI documented in 2019, highlight experiential knowledge built up to face 3 types of

Issues
1/building and sustaining partnerships for long-term TPI programs, between health professionals, schools and parents for example, 2/building support for TPI in difficult contexts: prisons, emergency housing, etc. 3/innovating and inventing collective TPI adjusted for disadvantaged groups. Insights also emerge on current trends. For example, programs for young people tend nowadays to favor global approaches to addiction prevention over smoking prevention alone.

Lessons
Most TPI remain confidential yet form a rich corpus of original and practical evidence other stakeholders can benefit from. Future research projects can also benefit from the data collected through DCAP.

Key messages
Documenting the practical experience health promotion, social and education workers hold is crucial to share knowledge and implement tobacco prevention interventions that work for vulnerable people. DCAP details key mechanisms in smoking prevention interventions aimed at vulnerable groups in France, including long-lasting partnerships building and innovative collective formats design.
Attitudes of university students towards classroom physical activity breaks in the Netherlands
Authors: De Bot C , Brands M , Kremers E , van Ewijk E , Dierx J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Regular physical activity has multiple benefits for physical, mental, and psychosocial, however many students do not meet the national physical activity guidelines. Classroom physical activity can help students be more physically active. This study investigated the attitude of university students towards classroom physical activity breaks in a university of applied science setting

Methods
Within this research a mixed methods design have been applied. A online survey was completed by 2016 students an semi-structured interviews were conducted among 19 students.

Results
A total of 2016 students successfully completed the questionnaire with a mean of 18-21 year (67%) and 52 % female. No classroom physical activity breaks were used during the lessons. In addition, almost half of the students are not able to concentrate well during the classes. Students (39%) noticed that physical activity during classes had a positive influence on their concentration. The majority of the students are open to activating forms of teaching at universities of applied sciences (69%). Students have a clear preference for active breaks, curriculum-focused active breaks. Physical activities such as climbing stairs, sports exercises are not students preferred activities.

Conclusions
Implementing classroom physical activity breaks can improve student physical activity and concentration during school and behavior in the classroom. Activities such as climbing stairs, intense aerobic exercise were perceived as inconvenient. Active breaks, curriculum-focused active breaks were acknowledged by students.

Key messages
Keep physical activity breaks short and manageable. Physical activity breaks can help in stress reduction and improving psychological well-being.
Basic life support training with high schools’ teachers in Bahia, Brazil: an experimental study
Authors: Vivas T , Duarte M , Puschel V , Oliveira H , Sales P , Rocha G , Oliveira I 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Early performing of cardiopulmonary resuscitation is the cornerstone of survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, doubling the odds of survival when correctly performed. The American Heart Association and the European Resuscitation Council advocate for training the entire population in order to enable a quick and effective response to out-of-hospital cardiac arrests, improving its outcomes. In primary healthcare settings the health workers can act as trainers, using the family and territorial approach to deliver basic life support (BLS) basis to general population, assuring that key social actors are skilled enough to aid community when needed. This study aims to compare the knowledge and practice skill of high school teachers before and after a BLS training delivered by health workers and students in a primary healthcare setting.

Methods
Teachers of three public high schools in Bahia, Brazil were assessed by a test for theoretical and practical skill in BLS and then trained by a group of primary care workers and students. Training included a 20min lecture and 40min practice session in a simulated scenario. After the training the teachers were assessed with the same test for theoretical and practical skill. A paired-samples T test was used to detect the difference in the mean total score before and after the training, with a significance level of 0.05 (two-sided test) and 95% confidence interval.

Results
The mean total score after the BLS training (8.2 ± 1.5) was significantly higher (p &lt; 0.000) from before training (4.5 ± 1.7).

Conclusions
The high school teachers were unable to deliver proper cardiopulmonary resuscitation before the intervention. Following a BLS training a significant immediate improvement in the knowledge and practical skill was detected. Health workers were able to achieve these results in a primary healthcare setting. Further studies should assess this outcome with larger samples, evaluating the retention of knowledge and skills provided.

Key messages
Basic life support training can be delivered to general population by health workers in primary healthcare settings in order to improve the outcomes to out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. Teachers and health workers can act as key actors in intersetorial health-education initiatives, promoting the health of their communities.
Teachers involvement in a co-design process of creation of a health education tool
Authors: Tessier N , Jourdan D , O'Callaghan N , Fernandes Da Rocha C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
This communication aims to study the impact of a co-design process involving teachers in the creation of a health education tool for elementary school (a &lt;&lt; continuous design in use &gt;&gt; device). Indeed, the simple dissemination of a tool is not enough to make practices evolve and become more effective. Teachers find it difficult to integrate a tool into their daily practices. It therefore appears necessary for teachers to be involved throughout the process of designing the tool and trained so that they feel competent and effective in its use in the classroom.

Methods
Within the framework of the public health plan of New Caledonia, a pedagogical tool for all elementary schools in the archipelago has been developed in 2018 and 2019. The tool has been made with the teachers and not only for the teachers. This research focused on the impact of the program. 40 schools with 102 teachers and 15 school principals were involved. Qualitative and quantitative approaches made possible the analysis of the teaching practices (classroom activities, usability, usefulness and acceptability of resources).

Results
60% of the teachers were involved in the co-creation process. 272 feedbacks were collected providing 817 comments on the implementation of the proposed activities. The majority of the teachers found it relevant, of high quality and adapted to the context of the exercise.

Conclusions
It emerges from our analysis that the involvement of teachers in a program of &lt;&lt; continuous design in use &gt;&gt; favours the appropriation and use of a health education tool in teachers' practices. This has made it possible to shed light on the realities in the field according to the means and places of practice but also to enrich the tool in terms of shared resources and pedagogical practices.

Key messages
A co-design process of creation of a health education tool is a relevant mean to generate a deep involvement of primary school teachers. Such a design led to the creation of tool recognized by education professionals as being usable, useful and acceptable.
Educational approach for hypertensive people with low educational level
Authors: Pereira de Sousa L , Prado Campos A P , Maia Araújo C , Gomes da Silva Moreira I , Santos G , Leal S , Alves Caldeira de Vasconcellos J , Moutinho Costa J , de Souza A C , Pinho Ribeiro A L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Introduction
The educational process in the treatment of patients with arterial hypertension is common but, generally exclude from the sample illiterate individuals or those with a low level of schooling.

Objective
evaluate the effect of an educational program based on group interventions on the health of hypertensive individuals with low level of schooling in a Basic Health Unit in Brazil.

Methods
This is a educational quasi-experimental study, adapted to the level of schooling of the participants, carried out during a period of 23 weeks. It was evaluated 35 hypertensive individuals submitted to blood pressure (BP) measurement, quality of life (Minichal), adherence to treatment (Martín-Bayarre-Grau), level of knowledge of the disease, physical activity (IPAQ) and anthropometric study evaluation. In addition, for analysis of the data, the sample was divided into two subgroups, according to the participation in the activities: adhered (n = 11) or not adhered (n = 24). Descriptive statistics were used to present the study variables. The WILCOXON test was used to compare before and after and MANN-WHITNEY to compare the two groups, p = 0.05 was considered significant.

Results
a significant reduction was observed in relation to the systolic BP values: 9.8 mmHg in the adherent subgroup, after the intervention. On the other hand, there was increased 0.7 mmHg among non-adherents. The other evaluations did not change. It should be emphasized that the studied population demonstrated a satisfactory level of knowledge of the pathology since the initial evaluation in both groups.

Conclusions
the findings suggest that an adapted educational approach could help to control blood pressure levels of hypertensive patients with low educational level. In addition, it was observed that knowledge does not seem to be associated with action, and it is necessary to develop strategies that can increase adherence to therapeutic interventions.

Key messages
Educational intervention. Low educational level.