bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary studies of hair follicle regeneration by injections of epidermal stem cells and dermal papilla cells into nude mice
Authors: Zhang Mingsheng , Ye Yan , Zhao Pin , Bai Liming , Li Xinping 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe ultimate goal of organ regenerative therapy is to reproduce fully functional organs to replace which have been damaged as a result of diseases or injury. Although several studies claimed that using different types of cells in some animal models promote hair follicles regeneration, more researches can be done to develop a sufficient and efficient protocol to induce hair generation from different animal models. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potentials for hair follicle formation by injecting a mixture of epidermal stem cells and dermal papilla cells. Those cells were isolated and culture-expanded. Then we randomly allocated 8 nude mice into two groups. The experiment group received an injection of a mixture that containing of epidermal stem cells and dermal papilla cells. The control group received injection of keratinocyte serum-free medium. The hair follicles regeneration was observed and the injection area was harvested for HE staining. 14 day later, the regenerated hair shafts were observed and HE staining indicated that the newly hair follicle formed the correct structures in experiment group. Furthermore, the mixture injection induced a regular and multilayered stratified epidermis and the epidermis contained of hair follicle-likes structures. Our data showed that injection of a mixture of epidermal stem cells and dermal papilla cells could induce hair follicles regeneration and well-ordered epidermis formation. This study emphasized that the rearrangement of the interactions during seed cells and the niches of the seed cells is essential and necessary for tissue-engineered construct success.
Variational Networks: An Optimal Control Approach to Early Stopping Variational Methods for Image Restoration
Authors: Effland Alexander , Kobler Erich , Kunisch Karl , Pock Thomas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe investigate a well-known phenomenon of variational approaches in image processing, where typically the best image quality is achieved when the gradient flow process is stopped before converging to a stationary point. This paradox originates from a tradeoff between optimization and modeling errors of the underlying variational model and holds true even if deep learning methods are used to learn highly expressive regularizers from data. In this paper, we take advantage of this paradox and introduce an optimal stopping time into the gradient flow process, which in turn is learned from data by means of an optimal control approach. After a time discretization, we obtain variational networks, which can be interpreted as a particular type of recurrent neural networks. The learned variational networks achieve competitive results for image denoising and image deblurring on a standard benchmark data set. One of the key theoretical results is the development of first- and second-order conditions to verify optimal stopping time. A nonlinear spectral analysis of the gradient of the learned regularizer gives enlightening insights into the different regularization properties.
Performance of Adiabatic Melting as a Method to Pursue the Lowest Possible Temperature in $$^{3}\hbox {He}$$ and $$^{3}\hbox {He}$$–$$^{4}\hbox {He}$$ Mixture at the $$^{4}\hbox {He}$$ Crystallization Pressure
Authors: Riekki T. S. , Sebedash A. P. , Tuoriniemi J. T. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe studied a novel cooling method, in which $$^{3}\hbox {He}$$3He and $$^{4}\hbox {He}$$4He are mixed at the $$^{4}\hbox {He}$$4He crystallization pressure at temperatures below $$0.5\,\mathrm {mK}$$0.5mK. We describe the experimental setup in detail and present an analysis of its performance under varying isotope contents, temperatures, and operational modes. Further, we developed a computational model of the system, which was required to determine the lowest temperatures obtained, since our mechanical oscillator thermometers already became insensitive at the low end of the temperature range, extending down to $$\left( 90\pm 20\right) \,\upmu {\mathrm {K}}\approx \frac{T_{c}}{\left( 29\pm 5\right) }$$90±20μK≈Tc29±5 ($$T_{c}$$Tc of pure $$^{3}\hbox {He}$$3He). We did not observe any indication of superfluidity of the $$^{3}\hbox {He}$$3He component in the isotope mixture. The performance of the setup was limited by the background heat leak of the order of $$30\,\mathrm {pW}$$30pW at low melting rates, and by the heat leak caused by the flow of $$^{4}\hbox {He}$$4He in the superleak line at high melting rates up to $$500\,\upmu \mathrm {mol/s}$$500μmol/s. The optimal mixing rate between $$^{3}\hbox {He}$$3He and $$^{4}\hbox {He}$$4He, with the heat leak taken into account, was found to be about $$100..150\,\upmu \mathrm {mol/s}$$100..150μmol/s. We suggest improvements to the experimental design to reduce the ultimate achievable temperature further.
On the eigenvalues of spectral gaps of matrix-valued Schrödinger operators
Authors: Aljawi Salma , Marletta Marco 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a method for calculating eigenvalues lying in the gaps of the essential spectrum of matrix-valued Schrödinger operators. The technique of dissipative perturbation allows eigenvalues of interest to move up the real axis in order to achieve approximations free from spectral pollution. Some results of the behaviour of the corresponding eigenvalues are obtained. The effectiveness of this procedure is illustrated by several numerical examples.
Exploring the burden of X-linked hypophosphatemia: a European multi-country qualitative study
Authors: Lo S. H. , Lachmann R. , Williams A. , Piglowska N. , Lloyd A. J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Introduction
X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a rare, lifelong, progressive disease characterised by renal phosphate wasting and abnormal bone mineralisation. Symptoms begin in early childhood, with the development of rickets and related skeletal deformities and reduced growth, progressing to long-term complications, including pseudofractures and fractures, as well as pain, stiffness and fatigue. The present study was designed to explore the patient experience of pain, stiffness and fatigue and the psychosocial impact of XLH in detail.

Methods
A cross-sectional qualitative study was conducted in the United Kingdom (18), Finland (6), France (4), Germany (1) and Luxembourg (1) with XLH patients aged 26 and over. Interview discussion guides were developed in consultation with clinical experts and patient associations. Data were analysed thematically.

Results
Participants (N = 30) described pain, stiffness and fatigue as frequently experienced symptoms with a significant impact on physical functioning and activities of daily living (ADLs). Some also described the symptoms as impacting their mood/mental health, relationships, social life and leisure activities. Participants described how common symptoms could interact or aggravate other symptoms. Symptoms had often worsened over time, and for many, were associated with concern about the future. Most participants were worried or felt guilty about having children with XLH. The findings confirmed and extended the existing model of the burden of XLH.

Conclusion
The present study is the first to provide an in-depth analysis of pain, stiffness and fatigue, their impact and the interrelatedness of these symptoms among adults with XLH. The study also described the psychosocial impact of XLH as a hereditary, lifelong progressive disease.
Berufliche Belastungen und Burnout-Risiko von Leitungs- und Fachkräften in Werkstätten für Menschen mit Behinderung: Ergebnisse der bundesweiten WeCareOnline-Studie
Authors: Schwangler Julia , Wahl Laura , Neuperdt Laura , Rathmann Katharina 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Laut dem aktuellen Fehlzeitenreport liegt für Fachkräfte eine hohe Prävalenz beruflicher Belastungen und psychischer Beanspruchungen wie z. B. Burnout vor. Für die besonders gefährdeten Fachkräfte (d. h. Leitungs- und Fachkräfte) in der Behindertenhilfe existieren für Deutschland keine Untersuchungen zu Arbeitsbelastungen und Burnout in Werkstätten für Menschen mit Behinderung (WfbM).

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziele der WeCareOnline-Studie sind 1) berufliche Belastungen und 2) das Burnout-Risiko von Fachkräften in WfbM in Deutschland zu ermitteln sowie 3) Zusammenhänge zwischen beruflichen Belastungen und dem Burnout-Risiko aufzudecken.

Material und Methoden
Es wurde eine quantitative Querschnittsstudie mittels Online-Befragung in WfbM in Deutschland durchgeführt. Der Fragebogen setzt sich aus bereits validierten Instrumenten (CBI, COPSOQ) zusammen. Mit SPSS erfolgten uni-, bi- sowie multivariate statistische (binär-logistische Regressions‑)Analysen.

Ergebnisse
Von den 396 an der Befragung teilnehmenden Fachkräften in WfbM (männlich = 50,5 %; weiblich = 49,5 %) berichten 60 % (n = 186) über ein hohes Burnout-Risiko. Befragte, die bei der Arbeit eine geringe Vorhersehbarkeit (Odds Ratio [OR]: 2,29; p < 0,05; 95 %-Konfidenzintervall [‑KI]: 1,13–4,64), ein geringes Gemeinschaftsgefühl (OR: 2,87; p < 0,01; 95 %-KI: 1,48–5,58), hohe physische Anforderungen (OR: 2,59; p < 0,01; 95 %-KI: 1,32–5,06) sowie ein niedriges Maß an Wertschätzung (OR: 2,72; p < 0,01; 95 %-KI: 1,32–5,58) angeben, weisen ein erhöhtes Burnout-Risiko auf.

Diskussion
Die Studie verdeutlicht, dass ein Großteil der Fachkräfte ein hohes Burnout-Risiko wahrnimmt und diverse berufliche Belastungen damit assoziiert sind. Zur Risikominimierung sind betriebliche Gesundheitsförderungsmaßnahmen zu empfehlen.
TrimetaziDine as a Performance-enhancING drug in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (DoPING-HFpEF): rationale and design of a placebo-controlled cross-over intervention study
Authors: van de Bovenkamp A. A. , Bakermans A. J. , Allaart C. P. , Nederveen A. J. , Kok W. E. M. , van Rossum A. C. , Handoko M. L. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Currently, no specific treatment exists for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Left ventricular (LV) relaxation during diastole is a highly energy-demanding process, while energy homeostasis is known to be compromised in HFpEF. We hypothesise that trimetazidine – a fatty acid β‑oxidation inhibitor – improves LV diastolic function in HFpEF, by altering myocardial substrate use and improving the myocardial energy status.

Objectives
To assess whether trimetazidine improves LV diastolic function by improving myocardial energy metabolism in HFpEF.

Methods
The DoPING-HFpEF trial is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over intervention trial comparing the efficacy of trimetazidine and placebo in 25 patients with stable HFpEF. The main inclusion criteria are: New York Heart Association functional class II to IV, LV ejection fraction ≥50%, and evidence of LV diastolic dysfunction. Patients are treated with one 20-mg trimetazidine tablet or placebo thrice daily (twice daily in the case of moderate renal dysfunction) for two periods of 3 months separated by a 2-week washout period. The primary endpoint is the change in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure during different intensities of exercise measured by right heart catheterisation. Our key secondary endpoint is the myocardial phosphocreatine (PCr)/ATP ratio measured by phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy and its relation to the primary endpoint. Exploratory endpoints are 6‑min walk distance, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels, and quality of life.

Conclusion
The DoPING-HFpEF is a phase-II trial that evaluates the effect of trimetazidine, a metabolic modulator, on diastolic function and myocardial energy status in HFpEF. [EU Clinical Trial Register: 2018-002170-52; NTR registration: NL7830]
Microstructure modification of Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 thermal barrier coatings by laser glazing and the effects on the hot corrosion resistance
Authors: Guo Lei , Xin Hui , Zhang Zhao , Zhang Xinmu , Ye Fuxing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractY2O3 stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are prone to hot corrosion by molten salts. In this study, the microstructure of atmospheric plasma spraying YSZ TBCs is modified by laser glazing in order to improve the corrosion resistance. By optimizing the laser parameters, a ∼18 µm smooth glazed layer with some vertical cracks was produced on the coating surfaces. The as-sprayed and modified coatings were both exposed to hot corrosion tests at 700 and 1000 °C for 4 h in V2O5 molten salt, and the results revealed that the modified one had improved corrosion resistance. After hot corrosion, the glazed layer kept structural integrity, with little evidence of dissolution. However, the vertical cracks in the glazed layer acted as the paths for molten salt penetration, accelerating the corrosion of the non-modified coating. Further optimization of the glazed layer is needed in the future work.
Direct Synthesis of 5A Zeolite From Palygorskite: The Influence of Crystallization Directing Agent on the Separation Performance for Hexane Isomers
Authors: Chen Le , Qian Jun-Yan , Yang Chuang , Xu Ping-Ping , Zhu Dan-Dan , Zhong Jing , He Ming-Yang , Chen Qun , Zhang Zhi-Hui 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe efficient separation of hexane isomers from the light naphtha fraction is a significant challenge in the petrochemical industry. 5A zeolite adsorbent is used commercially to sieve alkane isomers. In this study, 5A zeolites were synthesized using a low-cost natural clay mineral precursor, i.e. palygorskite (PAL), with the addition of crystallization directing agent (CDA). By varying the mass ratio of CDA/deionized water, 5A zeolites were obtained as CDA-5%, CDA-7.5%, and CDA-10%. All products were submicron particles with an average particle size of 400–800 nm. A sieving test of CDA-induced 5A zeolites was carried out on hexane adsorbates including n-hexane (nHEX), 2-methylpentane (2MP), and 3-methylpentane (3MP). According to vapor-phase batch adsorption experiments, a significant equilibrium amount (0.149 g/g) of nHEX and only 0.0321 g/g 2MP and 0.0416 g/g 3MP were adsorbed on the 5A zeolite product with CDA-5%. The dynamic adsorption performance of 5A zeolite (CDA-5%) was evaluated by breakthrough curves of binary mixtures of nHEX/2MP and nHEX/3MP. Palygorskite 5A (PAL 5A) zeolite achieved maximum dynamic adsorption capacities of nHEX (0.16 g/g in both cases) at 200°C and 1.2 MPa total pressure. This work provided an economic alternative for the synthesis of 5A zeolites using natural clay minerals instead of chemical raw materials.
A Large-Scale Comparison of Canadian Sexual/Gender Minority and Heterosexual, Cisgender Adolescents’ Pornography Use Characteristics
Authors: Bőthe Beáta , Vaillancourt-Morel Marie-Pier , Girouard Alice , Štulhofer Aleksandar , Dion Jacinthe , Bergeron Sophie 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
The ease of access to pornography has made its use common among adolescents. Although sexual and gender minority (SGM) (eg, gay, transgender) adolescents may be more prone to use pornography owing to sexual orientation–related information seeking and/or scarcity of potential romantic or sexual partners, relatively little attention has been paid to their pornography use and to the quantitative examination of the similarities and differences between heterosexual, cisgender (HC) and SGM adolescents’ pornography use characteristics.

Aim
The aim of the present study was to compare SGM and HC adolescents’ pornography use considering potential sex differences.

Methods
We used a sample of 2,846 adolescents (52.5% girls; M age = 14.5 years, SD = 0.6), which was collected as part of an ongoing longitudinal study on adolescents’ sexual health. Data were analyzed with 5 groups: HC boys; HC girls; SGM boys; SGM girls; and SGM non-binary individuals.

Outcomes
Adolescents completed a self-report questionnaire about sexual and gender minority status and pornography use (ie, lifetime use, age at first exposure, and frequency of use in the past 3 months.)

Results
Results indicated significant differences between all groups: 88.2% of HC boys, 78.2% of SGM boys, 54.2% of SGM girls, 39.4% of HC girls, and 29.4% of SGM non-binary individuals reported having ever viewed pornography by the age of 14 years. SGM girls indicated a significantly younger age at first pornography use than HC girls, but this difference was not significant among boys. SGM boys reported the highest (median: many times per week), whereas HC girls reported the lowest (median: less than once a month) frequency of pornography use.

Clinical Translation
Results suggest that SGM and HC boys' pornography use characteristics are rather similar, whereas SGM and HC girls’ pornography use patterns may be considered different presumably because of the varying underlying motivations (eg, using pornography to confirm sexual orientation).

Strengths & Limitations
Self-report measures and cross-sectional designs have potential biases that should be considered. However, the present study involved a large sample of adolescents including SGM adolescents, a population group that is understudied.

Conclusion
Approximately two-thirds of teenagers had gained their first experience with pornography in the present sample, and 52.2% reported using it once a week or more often in the past 3 months, indicating that pornography use may play an important role in both HC and SGM adolescents’ sexual development. Gender-based differences concerning pornography use seem to be robust regardless of SGM status.
Evaluating the effects of lateral control surfaces failure on the generic transport model: a case study
Authors: Norouzi R. , Kosari A. , Sabour M. Hossein 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTExtensive research in recent years has focused on improving the current loss-of-control prevention systems and developing new strategies for safe path planning of the impaired aircraft. Success in developing such systems requires a comprehensive perception of the influence of damage on the aircraft’s dynamic behaviour and performance, and the effect of various failure degrees on the flight envelope confinement and the remaining safe maneuvers. This paper comprehensively describes the effects of lateral control surface failure on the NASA Generic Transport Model (GTM) flight envelope, defined by a set of attainable steady-state maneuvers herein referred to as trim points. The study utilises a large database of high-fidelity maneuvering flight envelopes computed for the unimpaired case and wide ranges of the aileron and rudder failure cases at different flight conditions. Flight envelope boundary is rigorously investigated, and the key parameters confining the trim points at different boundary sections are identified. Trend analyses of the impaired flight envelopes and the corresponding limiting factors demonstrate the effect of various failure degrees on the remaining feasible trim points. Results can be employed in emergency path planning with potential uses in the development of aircraft resilient control and upset recovery systems.
Formation of sea ice ponds from ice-shelf runoff, adjacent to the McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica
Authors: Macdonald Grant J. , Popović Predrag , Mayer David P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPonds that form on sea ice can cause it to thin or break-up, which can promote calving from an adjacent ice shelf. Studies of sea ice ponds have predominantly focused on Arctic ponds formed by in situ melting/ponding. Our study documents another mechanism for the formation of sea ice ponds. Using Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 images from the 2015–16 to 2018–19 austral summers, we analyze the evolution of sea ice ponds that form adjacent to the McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica. We find that each summer, meltwater flows from the ice shelf onto the sea ice and forms large (up to 9 km2) ponds. These ponds decrease the sea ice's albedo, thinning it. We suggest the added mass of runoff causes the ice to flex, potentially promoting sea-ice instability by the ice-shelf front. As surface melting on ice shelves increases, we suggest that ice-shelf surface hydrology will have a greater effect on sea-ice stability.
WOMEN'S ROLE IN THE PRODUCTION AND SALE OF ALCOHOL IN HAN CHINA AS REFLECTED IN TOMB ART FROM SICHUAN
Authors: Elias Hajni 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPictorial brick tiles and stone carvings from the Eastern Han period show women engaged in the production of alcohol, and early histories and literary sources provide an insight into women's role in brewing, drinking, and selling alcohol in shops and in the market. Preparation of alcohol for ritual ceremonies, banquets, and daily consumption is listed among the many household duties for which women were responsible. It was women's work (nüshi女事), as was the production of textiles, which assigned women with an economic role but also gave them a moral identity in the social sphere. However, women's mastery of brewing—mentioned but rarely elaborated—upon, did not connote feminine virtues in the same way as weaving. Through a close examination of artistic representations that show women engaged in the making of alcohol on the estate and in a workshop setting in the southwest (present-day Sichuan province), this article aims to examine the role women played in alcohol production and their contribution to the economy of both their household and the region in early Imperial China.
Steady-state solutions of one-dimensional competition models in an unstirred chemostat via the fixed point index theory
Authors: Lan Kunquan , Lin Wei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe existence and nonexistence of semi-trivial or coexistence steady-state solutions of one-dimensional competition models in an unstirred chemostat are studied by establishing new results on systems of Hammerstein integral equations via the classical fixed point index theory. We provide three ranges for the two parameters involved in the competition models under which the models have no semi-trivial and coexistence steady-state solutions or have semi-trivial steady-state solutions but no coexistence steady-state solutions or have semi-trivial or coexistence steady-state solutions. It remains open to find the largest range for the two parameters under which the models have only coexistence steady-state solutions. We apply the new results on systems of Hammerstein integral equations to obtain results on steady-state solutions of systems of reaction-diffusion equations with general separated boundary conditions. Such type of results have not been studied in the literature. However, these results are very useful for studying the competition models in an unstirred chemostat. Our results on Hammerstein integral equations and differential equations generalize and improve some previous results.