bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One-carbon metabolites, B vitamins and associations with systemic inflammation and angiogenesis biomarkers among colorectal cancer patients: results from the ColoCare Study
Authors: Kiblawi Rama , Holowatyj Andreana N. , Gigic Biljana , Brezina Stefanie , Geijsen Anne J. M. R. , Ose Jennifer , Lin Tengda , Hardikar Sheetal , Himbert Caroline , Warby Christy A. , Böhm Jürgen , Bours Martijn J. L. , van Duijnhoven Fränzel J. B. , Gumpenberger Tanja , Kok Dieuwertje E. , Koole Janna L. , van Roekel Eline H. , Schrotz-King Petra , Ulvik Arve , Gsur Andrea , Habermann Nina , Weijenberg Matty P. , Ueland Per Magne , Schneider Martin , Ulrich Alexis , Ulrich Cornelia M. , Playdon Mary 
Published: February 2020

AbstractB vitamins involved in one-carbon metabolism have been implicated in the development of inflammation- and angiogenesis-related chronic diseases, such as colorectal cancer (CRC). Yet, the role of one-carbon metabolism in inflammation and angiogenesis among CRC patients remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate associations of components of one-carbon metabolism with inflammation and angiogenesis biomarkers among newly diagnosed CRC patients (n238) in the prospective ColoCare Study, Heidelberg. We cross-sectionally analysed associations between twelve B vitamins and one-carbon metabolites and ten inflammation and angiogenesis biomarkers from pre-surgery serum samples using multivariable linear regression models. We further explored associations among novel biomarkers in these pathways with Spearman partial correlation analyses. We hypothesised that pyridoxal-5’-phosphate (PLP) is inversely associated with inflammatory biomarkers. We observed that PLP was inversely associated with C-reactive protein (CRP) (r–0·33,Plinear< 0·0001), serum amyloid A (SAA) (r–0·23,Plinear= 0·003), IL-6 (r–0·39,Plinear< 0·0001), IL-8 (r–0·20,Plinear= 0·02) and TNFα(r–0·12,Plinear= 0·045). Similar findings were observed for 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate and CRP (r–0·14), SAA (r–0·14) and TNFα(r–0·15) among CRC patients. Folate catabolite acetyl-para-aminobenzoylglutamic acid (pABG) was positively correlated with IL-6 (r0·27,Plinear< 0·0001), and pABG was positively correlated with IL-8 (r0·21,Plinear< 0·0001), indicating higher folate utilisation during inflammation. Our data support the hypothesis of inverse associations between PLP and inflammatory biomarkers among CRC patients. A better understanding of the role and inter-relation of PLP and other one-carbon metabolites with inflammatory processes among colorectal carcinogenesis and prognosis could identify targets for future dietary guidance for CRC patients.
Dairy producers in the Southeast United States are concerned with cow care and welfare
Authors: Lee Amanda , Schexnayder Susan , Schneider Liesel , Oliver Stephen , Pighetti Gina , Petersson-Wolfe Christina , Bewley Jeffrey , Ward Stephanie , Krawczel Peter 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis research communication addresses the hypothesis that Southeast dairy producers' self-reported bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) was associated with producers' response to three statements (1) ‘a troublesome thing about mastitis is the worries it causes me,’ (2) ‘a troublesome thing about mastitis is that cows suffer,’ and (3) ‘my broad goals include taking good care of my cows and heifers.’ Surveys were mailed to producers in Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia (29% response rate, N = 596; final analysis N = 574), as part of a larger survey to assess Southeastern dairy producers' opinions related to BTSCC. Surveys contained 34 binomial (n = 9), Likert scale (n = 7), and descriptive (n = 18) statements targeted at producer self-assessment of herd records, management practices, and BTSCC. Statements 1 and 2 were assessed on a 5-point Likert scale from ‘strongly disagree’ to ‘strongly agree.’ Statement 3 was assessed on a 5-point Likert scale from ‘very unimportant’ to ‘very important.’ Reported mean BTSCC for all participants was 254 500 cells/ml. Separate univariable logistic regressions using generalized linear mixed models (SAS 9.4, Cary, NC, USA) with a random effect of farm, were performed to determine if BTSCC was associated with probability for a producer's response to statements. If BTSCC was significant, forward manual addition was performed until no additional variables were significant (P ≤ 0.05), but included BTSCC, regardless of significance. Bulk tank somatic cell count was associated with ‘a troublesome thing about mastitis is the worries it causes me,’ but not with Statements 2 or 3. This demonstrates that >75% of Southeastern dairy producers are concerned with animal care and cow suffering, regardless of BTSCC. Understanding Southeast producers' emphasis on cow care is necessary to create targeted management tools for herds with elevated BTSCC.
A Systematic Approach for Accuracy Design of Lower-Mobility Parallel Mechanism
Authors: Tian Wenjie , Shen Ziqian , Lv Dongpo , Yin Fuwen 
Published: February 2020

SUMMARYGeometric accuracy is a critical performance factor for parallel robots, and regardless of error compensation, accuracy design or tolerance allocation is another way to ensure the pose accuracy of a robot at design stage. A general method of both geometric error modeling and accuracy design of lower-mobility parallel mechanisms is presented. First, a general approach for error modeling of lower-mobility parallel mechanism is proposed based on screw theory, and then the geometric errors affecting the compensatable and uncompensatable accuracy of the end-effector are separated using the properties of dual vector space. The pose error aroused by compensatable geometric errors can be compensated via kinematic calibration, while the uncompensatable geometric errors should be minimized during the manufacturing and assembly processes. Based on that, the tolerance allocation method is presented, giving each uncompensatable geometric error a proper tolerance by the use of reliability theory. Compared with the traditional tolerance allocation method, the advantages of the proposed method are as follows: the number of geometric errors to be allocated is greatly reduced; the results of serialized tolerance allocation can be obtained according to different reliability indices of pose accuracy of end-effector for designers to choose; on the premise of guaranteeing the same pose accuracy of end-effector, the allocated tolerances are loose and easy to realize. Finally, the proposed methods are successfully applied to an R(2-RPS&RP)&UPS lower-mobility parallel robot, and the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method are verified.
Filamentary Currents and Alfvénic Vortices in the Inner Magnetosphere
Authors: Chaston C. C. , Bonnell J. W. , Wygant J. R. , Reeves G. D. , Baker D. N. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe show that broadband low‐frequency Alfvénic field variations observed in the inner‐magnetosphere from the Van Allen Probes during geomagnetically disturbed intervals are composed of multiscale current sheets, current filaments, flow shears, and vortices. These observations pertain to spacecraft frame frequencies (fsc) over the range 0.1 < fsc < 10 Hz and correspond to structure advected over the spacecraft on scales (λ) over the range 0.1 ≲ λ/ρi ≲ 10. where ρi is the average ion gyroradius. The topology of the current and flow is derived via time domain and spectral approaches adapted for the interpretation of advected structure. The results reveal the action of magnetic and convective nonlinearities in the generation of broadband Alfvénic fluctuations prevalent in the inner magnetosphere during active times. The observed current filamentation and rotational vorticity is suggestive of how broadband Alfvénic field variations on kinetic scales are driven and support geophysically significant particle acceleration in the inner magnetosphere.
Inversion of Dadu River Bedrock Channels for the Late Cenozoic Uplift History of the Eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Ma Zifa , Zhang Huiping , Wang Yizhou , Tao Yaling , Li Xuemei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Dadu River in the eastern Tibetan Plateau has the potential to record transient variations of tectonic uplift since the Late Cenozoic. In this study, we extracted bedrock channels of the Dadu River drainage basin from the 30 m ASTER digital elevation model. The longitudinal river profiles were then analyzed, and three generations of knickpoints were recognized via the slope area method. By solving the analytical solution of the linear transient stream power incision model, we determined a Late Cenozoic history of regional tectonic uplift. The results reveal slow pre–middle Miocene uplift rates (<0.1 mm/a) and then increased gradually to 0.33 ± 0.03 mm/a since 12–15 Ma until present. This increase of uplift rate from bedrock channel inversion is consistent with the regional findings of low‐temperature themochronology, emphasizing the potential and significance to utilize channel profiles to infer the tectonic uplift history.
Shale Anisotropy and Natural Hydraulic Fracture Propagation: An Example from the Jurassic (Toarcian) Posidonienschiefer, Germany
Authors: Hooker John N. , Ruhl Micha , Dickson Alexander J. , Hansen Lars N. , Idiz Erdem , Hesselbo Stephen P. , Cartwright Joe 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCores recovered from the Jurassic (Toarcian) Posidonienschiefer (Posidonia Shale) in the Lower Saxony Basin, Germany, contain calcite‐filled fractures (veins) at a low angle to bedding. The veins preferentially form where the shale is both organically rich and thermally mature, supporting previous interpretations that the veins formed as hydraulic fractures in response to volumetric expansion of organic material during catagenesis. Despite the presence of hydrocarbons during fracturing, the calcite fill is fibrous, and so, the veins appear to have contained a mineral‐saturated aqueous solution as they formed. The veins also contain myriad host‐rock inclusions having submillimetric spacing. These inclusions are strands of host rock that were entrained as the veins grew by separating the host rock along bedding planes rather than cutting across planes. The veins therefore produce significantly more surface area – by a factor of roughly 5, for the size of veins observed – compared to an inclusion‐free fracture of the same size. Analysis of vein geometry indicates that, with propagation, a fracture surface area increases with fracture length raised to a power between 1 and 2, assuming linear aperture‐length scaling. As such, this type of fracture efficiently dissipates elastic strain energy as it lengthens, stabilizing propagation and precluding dynamic crack growth. The apparent separation of the host rock along bedding planes suggests that the mechanical weakness of bedding planes is the cause of this inherently stable style of propagation.
The Role of Oceanic Processes in the Initiation of Boreal Winter Intraseasonal Oscillations Over the Indian Ocean
Authors: West B. Jason , Han Weiqing , Zhang Lei , Li Yuanlong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObservational analyses and ocean general circulation model experiments were performed to understand the influence of oceanic processes on warm sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) prior to convection initiation of boreal winter intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs), including the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO), in the tropical Indian Ocean. We found 39 strong ISOs that passed over the Indian Ocean Warm Pool (WP) region during the November–April season of the 2001–2012 period. Seventeen of them (44%) initiated over the Seychelles‐Chagos Thermocline Ridge (SCTR) before propagating eastward to the WP and Maritime Continent. Including only global‐scale MJOs, 71% (24%) of the remaining MJO events initiated from the SCTR (WP). Four (seven) SCTR (WP) ISO events were preceded by SSTAs that were strongly influenced by wind stress‐driven oceanic processes; all four (2/7) SCTR (WP) events were MJOs. Composite analyses of the four oceanic process influenced SCTR MJO events showed that wind stress‐driven oceanic processes contributed about 30% (between 0.1 and 0.2 °C) of the preconvection warming in the SCTR, which coincides with the Intertropical Convergence Zone with mean SST > 28 °C. Reduced upwelling and entrainment played a more important role than horizontal advection in elevating the +SSTAs. Case studies revealed that the two ocean process‐influenced primary MJO SCTR events were also associated with oceanic equatorial Rossby waves. Furthermore, results of a linear atmospheric mixed layer model indicated that boundary layer processes related to SSTAs contributed approximately half of the total convergence during MJO initiation, relative to the effect of the free troposphere, for the Rossby wave‐influenced events.
Estimating Wind Speed and Direction Using Wave Spectra
Authors: Voermans J. J. , Smit P. B. , Janssen T. T. , Babanin A. V. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCompact wave buoys are increasingly used to provide monitoring of coastal and oceanic conditions by measuring surface waves in real time. Due to their relatively compact size, they are generally not suited to measure wind directly. However, since the wave field is intrinsically coupled to the wind field, wave measurements can serve as a proxy observation of ocean surface winds. In this study, we use spectral wave observations to estimate wind speed and direction based on the assumption of a universal
shape of the wave energy spectrum in the equilibrium range and the presence of a logarithmic wind speed profile above the ocean surface. The wind speed and direction were estimated between 2014 and 2017 at more than a 100 coastal sites with colocated wave and wind observations. Estimates of wind speed and direction based on wave measurements have a root‐mean‐square error of 2 m/s for wind speeds between 3 and 12 m/s (and a relative error of 17% for wind speeds between 10 and 20 m/s) and up to 20° for wind speeds between 10 and 20 m/s. The accuracy of proxy measurements of wind depends on fetch, wave steepness, wave age, directional alignment between wind and dominant waves, and temporal variability of the wind. Further, we show that estimates of wind speed and direction improve considerably as the size of the buoy is reduced.
Simulation of Atmospheric Microbursts Using a Numerical Mesoscale Model at High Spatiotemporal Resolution
Authors: Bolgiani Pedro , Fernández‐González Sergio , Valero Francisco , Merino Andrés , García‐Ortega Eduardo , Sánchez José Luis , Martín María Luisa 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAtmospheric microbursts are low‐level meteorological events that can produce significant damage on the surface and pose a major risk to aircraft flying close to the ground. Studies and ad hoc numerical models have been developed to understand the origin and dynamics of the microburst; nevertheless, there are few researches of the phenomenon using global and mesoscale models. This is mainly due to the limitations in resolution, as microbursts normally span for less than 4 km and 20 min. In this paper, the Weather Research and Forecasting model is used at resolutions of 400 m and 3 min to test if it can properly capture the variables and dynamics of high‐reflectivity microbursts. Several microphysics and planetary boundary layer parametrizations are tested to find the best model configuration for the simulation of this kind of episodes. General conditions are evaluated by using thermodynamic diagrams. Surface and vertical wind speed, reflectivity, precipitation, and other variables for each simulated event are compared with observations, and the model's sensitivity to the variables is assessed. The dynamics and evolution of the microburst is evaluated using different plots of a chosen event. The results show that the model is able to reproduce high‐reflectivity microbursts in accordance with observations, although there is a tendency to underestimate the intensity of variables, most markedly on the wind vertical velocity. Regarding the microphysics schemes, the Morrison parametrization performs better than the WRF single‐moment 6‐class scheme. No major differences are found between the Mellor‐Yamada‐Janjic and the Mellor‐Yamada‐Nakanishi‐Niino planetary boundary layer parametrizations.
Impact of Abrupt Late Holocene Monsoon Climate Change on the Status of an Alpine Lake in North China
Authors: Cheng Bei , Liu Jianbao , Chen Shengqian , Zhang Zhiping , Shen Zhongwei , Yan Xinwei , Li Fanyi , Chen Guangjie , Zhang Xiaosen , Wang Xin , Chen Jianhui 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe late Holocene is generally regarded as an interval of monsoon recession and decreased precipitation in North China. However, the extent to which this affected the status of lakes in North China is unclear. In the study, we analyzed multiple proxies (δ13C, magnetic susceptibility [χlf], and exogenous element concentrations) from Lake Mayinghai, an undisturbed alpine lake in North China. We also compared the results with previously published paleoenvironmental records from the Chinese Loess Plateau. We aimed to determine the extent of the influence of variations in the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) on the status of Lake Mayinghai during the late Holocene. The results demonstrate that negative δ13C values at Lake Mayinghai correspond to high sedimentary tree pollen content and high reconstructed precipitation, indicating that variations in δ13C likely reflect variations in vegetation and the EASM in North China. A comparison of the δ13C record with other proxies from the same core reveals an abrupt change in the EASM at ~3 kyr before present (BP), which is also evident in other regional climate records from the Chinese Loess Plateau. The rapid decline in EASM intensity at ~3 kyr BP is also consistent with changes in the status of Lake Mayinghai, Lake Gonghai, Lake Ganhai, and Lake Daihai, in that these lakes underwent an abrupt retreat after 3 kyr BP, demonstrating that the rapid decline in EASM intensity at ~3 kyr BP had a large impact on lake evolution in North China.
Using Metabolic Energy Density Metrics to Understand Differences in Ecosystem Function During Drought
Authors: Wiesner Susanne , Stoy Paul C. , Staudhammer Christina L. , Starr Gregory 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTerrestrial ecosystems obtain energy in the form of carbon‐containing molecules. Quantifying energy acquisition and dissipation throughout an ecosystem may be useful for describing their resistance and resilience to disturbances. Three longleaf pine savannas with different vegetation composition—a result of variation in soil moisture and land use legacy—were used as a case study to test energy‐based metrics of ecosystem metabolic function. Available energy from gross ecosystem exchange of CO2 and its dissipation into metabolic energy density (EM) and energy storage were used to identify differences in drought recovery over an 8‐year period. Sites with higher plant functional diversity in the understory stored more energy and lowered their EM by ~20% when adapting to drought. In contrast, the site with greater abundance of woody understory and overstory species relied on stored energy twice as often as the more diverse sites. The absence of native understory species, due to anthropogenic legacy, prolonged ecosystem‐scale drought recovery by 1 year. This study provides the tools to understand differences in site metabolic energy dynamics and has the potential to identify site characteristics that indicate greater vulnerability to disturbances. Metabolic energy density can be applied to any global ecosystem and provides a first step to describe coupled carbon and energy allocation in ecosystems, which may be used to further refine ecological theory and its management implications.
Increasing Rates of Carbon Burial in Southwest Florida Coastal Wetlands
Authors: Breithaupt Joshua L. , Smoak Joseph M. , Bianchi Thomas S. , Vaughn Derrick R. , Sanders Christian J. , Radabaugh Kara R. , Osland Michael J. , Feher Laura C. , Lynch James C. , Cahoon Donald R. , Anderson Gordon H. , Whelan Kevin R.T. , Rosenheim Brad E. , Moyer Ryan P. , Chambers Lisa G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRates of organic carbon (OC) burial in some coastal wetlands appear to be greater in recent years than they were in the past. Possible explanations include ongoing mineralization of older OC or the influence of an unaccounted‐for artifact of the methods used to measure burial rates. Alternatively, the trend may represent real acceleration in OC burial. We quantified OC burial rates of mangrove and coastal freshwater marshes in southwest Florida through a comparison of rates derived from 210Pb, 137Cs, and surface marker horizons. Age/depth profiles of lignin: OC were used to assess whether down‐core remineralization had depleted the OC pool relative to lignin, and lignin phenols were used to quantify the variability of lignin degradation. Over the past 120 years, OC burial rates at seven sites increased by factors ranging from 1.4 to 6.2. We propose that these increases represent net acceleration. Change in relative sea‐level rise is the most likely large‐scale driver of acceleration, and sediment deposition from large storms can contribute to periodic increases. Mangrove sites had higher OC and lignin burial rates than marsh sites, indicating inherent differences in OC burial factors between the two habitat types. The higher OC burial rates in mangrove soils mean that their encroachment into coastal freshwater marshes has the potential to increase burial rates in those locations even more than might be expected from the acceleration trends. Regionally, these findings suggest that burial represents a substantially growing proportion of the coastal wetland carbon budget.
Sensing System for Remote Areas in Antarctica
Authors: Porte Joaquim , Maso Josep M. , Pijoan Joan Lluis , Badia David 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEvery year, the number of Internet of Things devices is growing exponentially. The current Internet of Things technology to support the connectivity of such a huge number of devices is limited by the coverage of the base stations deployed. In case of remote areas without coverage of any operator, the use of a satellite connection is such a high‐cost option. The only alternative option for very remote sensor is high frequency (HF) communications with ionospheric reflection. The HF band (3–30 MHz) with Near Vertical Incidence Skywave allows a large coverage area (up to 250 km) without the need of line of sight. The HF radio links usually need higher power transmissions with larger antennas supported by a mast. In this paper, we explore a new transmission scheme for low‐power transmissions, which is equivalent to use small and low gain HF antennas. We study the performance of several digital modulations using different bandwidths and transmission power. The field tests have been done around the Spanish Antarctic Base at Livingston Island to ensure the availability of the system even in polar areas where the behavior of the ionosphere is quite different from lower latitudes. However, the proposed physical layer fits well with any other remote location that requires low power data communication.