bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small behavioral adaptations enable more effective prey capture by producing 3D-structured spider threads
Authors: Grannemann Caroline C. F. , Meyer Marco , Reinhardt Marian , Ramírez Martín J. , Herberstein Marie E. , Joel Anna-Christin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSpiders are known for producing specialized fibers. The radial orb-web, for example, contains tough silk used for the web frame and the capture spiral consists of elastic silk, able to stretch when prey impacts the web. In concert, silk proteins and web geometry affects the spider’s ability to capture prey. Both factors have received considerable research attention, but next to no attention has been paid to the influence of fiber processing on web performance. Cribellate spiders produce a complex fiber alignment as their capture threads. With a temporally controlled spinneret movement, they connect different fibers at specific points to each other. One of the most complex capture threads is produced by the southern house spider, Kukulcania hibernalis (Filistatidae). In contrast to the so far characterized linear threads of other cribellate spiders, K. hibernalis spins capture threads in a zigzag pattern due to a slightly altered spinneret movement. The resulting more complex fiber alignment increased the thread’s overall ability to restrain prey, probably by increasing the adhesion area as well as its extensibility. Kukulcania hibernalis' cribellate silk perfectly illustrates the impact of small behavioral differences on the thread assembly and, thus, of silk functionality.
Snow-dirt sludge as an indicator of environmental and sedimentation processes in the urban environment
Authors: Seleznev Andrian , Yarmoshenko Ilia , Malinovsky Georgy , Ilgasheva Ekaterina , Baglaeva Elena , Ryanskaya Anastasia , Kiseleva Daria , Gulyaeva Tamara 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe formation of snow-dirt sludge (SDS) via the mixing of snow and surface-deposited sediment by vehicles and pedestrians is one of the least studied sedimentation processes in urban areas. The aim of this study was to analyse the material, mineral, particle size, and chemical compositions of the SDS solid phase. The study was conducted using Ekaterinburg, Russia, as an example city with an intense anthropogenic impact and a long cold snowy period. The average content of the SDS solid phase was approximately 35 g L−1 of meltwater on heavy traffic roads, of which the dust fraction (<0.1 mm) accounted for 23 g L−1. On driveways and lawns, the contents of the SDS solid phase were 12 and 6.6 g L−1, respectively. The mineral composition of the SDS solid phase was generally similar to the geology of the surrounding area, which is composed of a mosaicked combination of felsic and mafic complexes. The presence of building material fragments and other anthropogenic particles confirms the significant anthropogenic impact. The chemical composition contained major and minor elements specific to the minerals and materials that constitute the SDS solid phase. There was significant variability in the concentrations of Pb, Cu, and Zn in the granulometric fractions, indicating pollution. Intensive melting of SDS with a high particulate matter (PM) content is an important factor influencing the environmental quality of the urban environment.
Barley grain (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan content: effects of transcript and sequence variation in genes encoding the corresponding synthase and endohydrolase enzymes
Authors: Garcia-Gimenez Guillermo , Russell Joanne , Aubert Matthew K. , Fincher Geoffrey B. , Burton Rachel A. , Waugh Robbie , Tucker Matthew R. , Houston Kelly 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe composition of plant cell walls is important in determining cereal end uses. Unlike other widely consumed cereal grains barley is comparatively rich in (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan, a source of dietary fibre. Previous work showed Cellulose synthase-like genes synthesise (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in several tissues. HvCslF6 encodes a grain (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan synthase, whereas the function of HvCslF9 is unknown. Here, the relationship between mRNA levels of HvCslF6, HvCslF9, HvGlbI (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan endohydrolase, and (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan content was studied in developing grains of four barley cultivars. HvCslF6 was differentially expressed during mid (8–15 DPA) and late (38 DPA) grain development stages while HvCslF9 transcript was only clearly detected at 8–10 DPA. A peak of HvGlbI expression was detected at 15 DPA. Differences in transcript abundance across the three genes could partially explain variation in grain (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan content in these genotypes. Remarkably narrow sequence variation was found within the HvCslF6 promoter and coding sequence and does not explain variation in (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan content. Our data emphasise the genotype-dependent accumulation of (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan during barley grain development and a role for the balance between hydrolysis and synthesis in determining (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan content, and suggests that other regulatory sequences or proteins are likely to be involved in this trait in developing grain.
Application of Japanese guidelines for gestational weight gain to multiple pregnancy outcomes and its optimal range in 101,336 Japanese women
Authors: Nomura Kyoko , Nagashima Kengo , Suzuki Shunji , Itoh Hiroaki 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study was performed to investigate whether the Japanese guidelines for gestational weight gain (GWG) can be used to determine the risks of multiple pregnancy outcomes and estimate optimal GWG in 101,336 women with singleton pregnancies in 2013. Multivariable logistic regression analyses indicated that the risks associated with low birth weight, small for gestational age, and preterm birth increased significantly with weight gain below the Japanese guidelines, and the risks of macrosomia and large for gestational age increased with weight gain above the guidelines regardless of Asian-specific pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI). The GWG cutoff points estimated from the adjusted area under the receiver operating characteristics curve >0.6 corresponded to 10–13.8 kg in underweight women with pre-pregnancy BMI < 18.5 kg/m2; 10–13.7 kg in normal weight women with pre-pregnancy BMI 18.5–22.9 kg/m2; 8.5–11.4 kg in overweight women with pre-pregnancy BMI 23–24.9 kg/m2, 5–13.3 kg in obese women with pre-pregnancy BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2; and 4.7 kg in obese women with pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. The optimal GWG ranges proposed by the present study are slightly higher than those recommended by the current Japanese guidelines.
Target Strength and swimbladder morphology of Mueller’s pearlside (Maurolicus muelleri)
Authors: Sobradillo B. , Boyra G. , Martinez U. , Carrera P. , Peña M. , Irigoien X. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn the last few years, there has been increasing interest in the commercial exploitation of mesopelagic fish and a trawl-acoustic methodology has been recommended to make estimates of abundance of these resources. This study provides relevant information on the scattering properties of a key mesopelagic fish species in the Bay of Biscay, Mueller’s pearlside (Maurolicus muelleri), necessary to convert the acoustic density into numerical abundance. The target strength (TS) of pearlside was estimated for the first time at five frequencies commonly used in acoustic surveys. A high-density filter was applied to reduce the bias derived from overlapping echoes erroneously assigned to single targets. Its relationship with fish length (b20) was also determined (−65.9 ± 2, −69.2 ± 3, −69.2 ± 2, −69.5 ± 2.5 and −71.5 ± 2.5 dB at 18, 38, 70, 120 and 200 kHz, respectively). Biomass estimates of pearlside in the Bay of Biscay during the four years of study (2014–2017) are given using the 38 kHz frequency. Morphological measurements of the swimbladder were obtained from soft X-ray images and used in the backscattering simulation of a gas-filled ellipsoid. Pearlside is a physoclist species, which means that they can compensate the swimbadder volume against pressure changes. However, the best fit between the model and the experimental data showed that they lose that capacity during the trawling process, when the swimbladder volume is affected by Boyle’s law.
Time-resolved mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy
Authors: Abbas Muhammad A. , Pan Qing , Mandon Julien , Cristescu Simona M. , Harren Frans J. M. , Khodabakhsh Amir 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDual-comb spectroscopy can provide broad spectral bandwidth and high spectral resolution in a short acquisition time, enabling time-resolved measurements. Specifically, spectroscopy in the mid-infrared wavelength range is of particular interest, since most of the molecules have their strongest rotational-vibrational transitions in this “fingerprint” region. Here we report time-resolved mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy, covering ~300 nm bandwidth around 3.3 μm with 6 GHz spectral resolution and 20 μs temporal resolution. As a demonstration, we study a CH4/He gas mixture in an electric discharge, while the discharge is modulated between dark and glow regimes. We simultaneously monitor the production of C2H6 and the vibrational excitation of CH4 molecules, observing the dynamics of both processes. This approach to broadband, high-resolution, and time-resolved mid-infrared spectroscopy provides a new tool for monitoring the kinetics of fast chemical reactions, with potential applications in various fields such as physical chemistry and plasma/combustion analysis.
Metasurface Loaded High Gain Antenna based Microwave Imaging using Iteratively Corrected Delay Multiply and Sum Algorithm
Authors: Islam M. Tarikul , Samsuzzaman Md. , Kibria Salehin , Misran Norbahiah , Islam Mohammad Tariqul 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this paper, the design consideration is investigated for a cylindrical system with low-cost and low-loss dielectric materials for the detection of breast tumor using iteratively corrected delay multiply and sum (IC- DMAS) algorithm. Anomaly in breast tissue is one of the most crucial health issues for women all over the world today. Emergency medical imaging diagnosis can be harmlessly managed by microwave-based analysis technology. Microwave Imaging (MI) has been proved to be a reliable health monitoring approach that can play a fundamental role in diagnosing anomaly in breast tissue. An array of 16 high gain microstrip antennas loaded by Index Near-Zero (INZ) metasurfaces (MS), having the impedance bandwidth of 8.5 GHz (2.70–11.20 GHz) are used as transceivers for the system. The MS is used to increase the electrical length of the signal that results in the gain enhancements. The antennas are mounted in a cylindrical arrangement on a mechanical rotating table along with a phantom mounting podium. A non-reflective positive control switching matrix is used for transmitting and receiving microwave signals. A set of lab-made realistic heterogeneous breast phantoms containing skin, fat, glandular, and tumor tissue dielectric properties in individual layers are used to verify the performance of the proposed technique. The control of the mechanical unit, data collection, and post-processing is conducted via MATLAB. The system can detect multiple tumor objects. The imaging results and numerical Signal to Mean Ratio (SMR) values of the experiment validate the system efficiency and performance that can be a viable solution for tumor detections.
High performance hierarchical porous carbon derived from distinctive plant tissue for supercapacitor
Authors: Li Jinxiao , Gao Yang , Han Kuihua , Qi Jianhui , Li Ming , Teng Zhaocai 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIt is generally acknowledged that the activation method and component of the precursor are of great importance for making porous carbon. In this study, four plant materials belong to one genus were selected as optimized plant material to produce hierarchical porous carbon for supercapacitors, the influence of initial structure was discussed. All the produced porous carbons have large specific surface area (higher than 2342 m2 g−1), high microporosity (more than 57%), and high pore volume (larger than 1.32 cm3 g−1). All the samples show characteristic of electrical double layer capacitance, and the onion-based porous carbon obtain highest specific capacitance of 568 F g−1at the current density of 0.1 A g−1. With the current density rising from 1 A g−1to 50 A g−1, the specific capacitance only decreases for 20%. After 5000 cycles, all the samples show relatively high capacitance retention (up to 97%). Two-step acid pickling has washed most impurities and directly lead to small equivalent series resistance (lower than 0.2 Ω). The samples show high power density and energy density (71 W h kg−1@180 W kg−1, 210 kW kg−1@33 W h kg−1). This study open an avenue to create high-performance hierarchical porous carbon based on plant architecture.
The coordinated action of RNase III and RNase G controls enolase expression in response to oxygen availability in Escherichia coli
Authors: Lee Minho , Joo Minju , Sim Minji , Sim Se-Hoon , Kim Hyun-Lee , Lee Jaejin , Ryu Minkyung , Yeom Ji-Hyun , Hahn Yoonsoo , Ha Nam-Chul , Cho Jang-Cheon , Lee Kangseok 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRapid modulation of RNA function by endoribonucleases during physiological responses to environmental changes is known to be an effective bacterial biochemical adaptation. We report a molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of enolase (eno) expression by two endoribonucleases, RNase G and RNase III, the expression levels of which are modulated by oxygen availability in Escherichia coli. Analyses of transcriptional eno-cat fusion constructs strongly suggested the existence of cis-acting elements in the eno 5′ untranslated region that respond to RNase III and RNase G cellular concentrations. Primer extension and S1 nuclease mapping analyses of eno mRNA in vivo identified three eno mRNA transcripts that are generated in a manner dependent on RNase III expression, one of which was found to accumulate in rng-deleted cells. Moreover, our data suggested that RNase III-mediated cleavage of primary eno mRNA transcripts enhanced Eno protein production, a process that involved putative cis-antisense RNA. We found that decreased RNase G protein abundance coincided with enhanced RNase III expression in E. coli grown anaerobically, leading to enhanced eno expression. Thereby, this posttranscriptional up-regulation of eno expression helps E. coli cells adjust their physiological reactions to oxygen-deficient metabolic modes. Our results revealed a molecular network of coordinated endoribonuclease activity that post-transcriptionally modulates the expression of Eno, a key enzyme in glycolysis.
High-contrast photoacoustic imaging through scattering media using correlation detection of adaptive time window
Authors: Yu Liqi , Sun Jialin , Lv Xinjing , Feng Qi , He Huimei , Zhang Bin , Ding Yingchun , Liu Qiang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPhotoacoustic imaging has the advantages of high contrast and deep imaging depth. However, with the increasing of imaging depth, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the detected signal decreases, due to the light scattering that seriously affects the recovery image quality. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrated that higher contrast photoacoustic imaging was achieved using photoacoustic wavefront shaping technology in the presence of light scattering and low SNR signals. The imaging contrast is improved from 1.51 to 5.30. More importantly, we propose a dynamic time window method for the photoacoustic signal extraction algorithm, named correlation detection of adaptive time window, which further improves the contrast of photoacoustic imaging to 9.57. Our method effectively improves the contrast of photoacoustic imaging through scattering media.
Tidal Volume Estimation during Helmet Noninvasive Ventilation: an Experimental Feasibility Study
Authors: Cortegiani Andrea , Navalesi Paolo , Accurso Giuseppe , Sabella Ignazio , Misseri Giovanni , Ippolito Mariachiara , Bruni Andrea , Garofalo Eugenio , Palmeri Cesira , Gregoretti Cesare 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe performed a bench (BS) and human (HS) study to test the hypothesis that estimation of tidal volume (VT) during noninvasive helmet pressure support ventilation (nHPSV) would be possible using a turbine driven ventilator (TDV) coupled with an intentional leak single-limb vented circuit. During the BS a mannequin was connected to a lung simulator (LS) and at different conditions of respiratory mechanics, positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels and leaks (30, 50 and 80 L/min). All differences were within the 95% limits of agreement (LoA) in all conditions in the Bland-Altman plot. The overall bias (difference between VT measured by TDV and LS) was 35 ml (95% LoA 10 to 57 ml), 15 ml (95% LoA −40 to 70 ml), 141 ml (95% LoA 109 to 173 ml) in the normal, restrictive and obstructive conditions. The bias at different leaks flow in normal condition was 29 ml (95% LoA 19 to 38 ml). In the HS four healthy volunteers using nHPSV had a pneumotachograph (P) inserted through a mouthpiece to measure subject’s VT.The bias showed a scarce clinical relevance. In conclusions, VT estimation seems to be feasible and accurate in all conditions but the obstructive one. Additional leaks seem not to affect VT reliability.
Artificial intelligence for precision medicine in neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Uddin Mohammed , Wang Yujiang , Woodbury-Smith Marc 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe ambition of precision medicine is to design and optimize the pathway for diagnosis, therapeutic intervention, and prognosis by using large multidimensional biological datasets that capture individual variability in genes, function and environment. This offers clinicians the opportunity to more carefully tailor early interventions— whether treatment or preventative in nature—to each individual patient. Taking advantage of high performance computer capabilities, artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms can now achieve reasonable success in predicting risk in certain cancers and cardiovascular disease from available multidimensional clinical and biological data. In contrast, less progress has been made with the neurodevelopmental disorders, which include intellectual disability (ID), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), epilepsy and broader neurodevelopmental disorders. Much hope is pinned on the opportunity to quantify risk from patterns of genomic variation, including the functional characterization of genes and variants, but this ambition is confounded by phenotypic and etiologic heterogeneity, along with the rare and variable penetrant nature of the underlying risk variants identified so far. Structural and functional brain imaging and neuropsychological and neurophysiological markers may provide further dimensionality, but often require more development to achieve sensitivity for diagnosis. Herein, therefore, lies a precision medicine conundrum: can artificial intelligence offer a breakthrough in predicting risks and prognosis for neurodevelopmental disorders? In this review we will examine these complexities, and consider some of the strategies whereby artificial intelligence may overcome them.
Functional Classification of Paediatric Patients with Non-syndromic Delta-Storage Pool Deficiency
Authors: Manukjan Georgi , Eilenberger Julia , Andres Oliver , Schambeck Christian , Eber Stefan , Schulze Harald 
Published: November 2019

AbstractStorage pool disease (SPD) covers a group of platelet defects in which α- and/or delta-granules are reduced or cannot be secreted adequately in response to agonists. The detection of delta-granule release defects is hampered by a lack of fast and feasible tests. We aimed to implement a flow cytometry–based kinetic mepacrine assay to better identify and subgroup childhood patients with a mild to moderate bleeding diathesis and compare our method to established laboratory tests. We analysed 50 children with suspected SPD whose initial parameters were re-assessed in a second site visit. Mepacrine uptake and release patterns were correlated with CD63 exposure, platelet ADP/ATP release and content, and the bleeding score ascertained by the ISTH-BAT. Mepacrine release was overall significantly reduced in investigated patients compared with controls. Summarizing, our time-resolved approach proved to be a quick and inexpensive tool that was additionally able to distinguish between mepacrine uptake, mepacrine release, and combined defects. Classification of patients using such a kinetic assay makes it feasible to sensitively detect frequently missed SPD and to group these patients for further analyses and clinical correlations.
From abugida to alphabet in Konso, Ethiopia
Authors: Ahlberg Aija Katriina , Eklund Kenneth , Otieno Suzanne C. S. A. , Nieminen Lea 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study examines the interplay between phonological awareness and orthography in Konso, a Cushitic language in
Southwest Ethiopia. Thirty-two adults reading the Konso abugida but with minimal exposure to alphabetic literacy completed an
orally administered phoneme deletion task. The responses were then examined using the minimal edit distance
hypothesis (Wali, Sproat, Padakannaya & Bhuvaneshwari, 2009) as a
framework for the analysis. The results suggest that the difficulty of a deletion was related to the way the phoneme was
represented in the Konso abugida. Content-based error analysis of the incorrect responses gave indications of how Konso abugida
readers’ processing of sounds is linked to Konso abugida sound-symbol relationships.
The Konso language community is undergoing a change in their writing system from abugida to alphabetic writing. As
abugida symbols primarily denote consonant-vowel sequences, the change requires learning new sound-symbol mappings. By examining
Konso abugida readers’ phonemic awareness the study contributes to developing transfer literacy teaching methods from abugida to
alphabetic writing in Konso and elsewhere.
Analytical and Approximate Solutions for Complex Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation via Generalized Auxiliary Equation and Numerical Schemes
Authors: Khater Mostafa M. A. , Lu Dian-Chen , Attia Raghda A. M. , Inç Mustafa 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This article studies the performance of analytical, semi-analytical and numerical scheme on the complex nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation. The generalized auxiliary equation method is surveyed to get the explicit wave solutions that are used to examine the semi-analytical and numerical solutions that are obtained by the Adomian decomposition method, and B-spline schemes (cubic, quantic, and septic). The complex NLS equation relates to many physical phenomena in different branches of science like a quantum state, fiber optics, and water waves. It describes the evolution of slowly varying packets of quasi-monochromatic waves, wave propagation, and the envelope of modulated wave groups, respectively. Moreover, it relates to Bose-Einstein condensates which is a state of matter of a dilute gas of bosons cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero. Some of the obtained solutions are studied under specific conditions on the parameters to constitute and study the dynamical behavior of this model in two and three-dimensional.