bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supply chain involvement in business continuity management: effects on reputational and operational damage containment from supply chain disruptions
Authors: Azadegan Arash , Syed Tahir Abbas , Blome Constantin , Tajeddini Kayhan 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
Does internal integration extend to business continuity and to managing supply chain disruptions (SCDs)? Despite the voluminous literature on supply chain integration, evidence on its effectiveness on risk management and disruption response is scant. The purpose of this paper is to assess the effectiveness of business continuity management (BCM) and of supply chain involvement in BCM (SCiBCM) on reputational and operational damage containment in the face of SCDs.

Design/methodology/approach
This study draws on Simons’ Levers of Control framework to explain how the involvement of supply chain in BCM affects firm capabilities in containing damages caused by major SCDs. The authors develop and test hypotheses by analyzing large-scale questionnaire responses from 448 European companies.

Findings
Results of the data analysis suggest that BCM improves reputational damage containment, whereas SCiBCM improves operational damage containment. The findings also show that the significant effects of BCM and SCiBCM on reputational and operational damage containment, respectively, were amplified for the firms facing higher supply chain vulnerability. Post-hoc analysis further reveals the complementarity effect between BCM and SCiBCM for the companies exposed to high supply chain vulnerability.

Originality/value
Evidence on the effects of BCM and its internal integration on performance is limited. This study offers empirical evidence on the topic. Also, while supply chain integration can improve information sharing and coordination, some may not fully recognize its potential benefits in addressing SCDs. This study theoretically and empirically demonstrates the role played by internal integration, in the form of SCiBCM, in improving organizational damage containment efforts.
Senior therapeutic community members show greater consistency when affirming peers: evidence of social learning
Authors: Warren Keith L. 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
Therapeutic communities (TCs) use social learning between peers in treating substance abuse. One mechanism for fostering social learning is peer affirmations for prosocial behavior. The purpose of this study is to use consistency of affirmations as a test of whether social learning does occur.

Design/methodology/approach
Using the results of a social network survey of 50 women in a corrections-based TC, the authors compared affirmations and nonprogrammatic compliments exchanged between residents as two directed social networks. The authors evaluated consistency of judgment using the hubs and authorities algorithm, and tested to see whether more senior residents are more likely to be hubs, thereby showing more consistent judgment.

Findings
More senior residents show greater consistency with peers in program affirmations but not in nonprogrammatic compliments. Hub status in the network of affirmations increases most rapidly in the first 200 days of residence, with slower increases thereafter.

Research limitations/implications
This study is limited to one survey of the women in one TC. The external validity of the findings is therefore unclear. The results suggest that social learning of TC principles and prosocial behavior does occur and that it is not simply a function of popularity among peers. This seems to happen most rapidly in the first 200 days, suggesting that programs much shorter than six months may limit this process.

Originality/value
This is the first use of the hubs and authorities algorithm with a social network drawn from a therapeutic community and the first attempt to verify social learning through a social network analysis.
Clinical characteristics of hidradenitis suppurativa patients in Okinawa, Japan: Differences between East Asia and Western countries
Authors: Omine Takuya , Miyagi Takuya , Hayashi Kentaro , Yamaguchi Sayaka , Takahashi Kenzo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a long‐term inflammatory follicular disease. In Western countries, the prevalence of HS has been estimated to be 0.1–4% in the general population. In Okinawa Prefecture, the southernmost area of Japan, HS is more frequent than in other parts of Japan. The aim of this study is to elucidate the epidemiological features of HS patients in Okinawa, Japan, to determine the factors correlated with severity and to compare characteristics of HS patients in East Asia and Western countries. This study was a retrospective, single‐center, case series study. Data of patients with HS diagnosed at the University of the Ryukyus Hospital from April 2010 to March 2019 were collected and compared with data of previous studies performed in Japan, Korea, France and the USA. There were 42 male and 16 female HS patients (age range, 15–76 years). The median modified Sartorius score was 49 (interquartile range, 87.3). A multivariate analysis indicated that disease duration was associated with the modified Sartorius score. The ratio of serum C‐reactive protein to albumin was significantly correlated with disease severity (rs = 0.64, P < 0.001). Overall, in East Asia, HS was more common in males, and very few patients had a family history of HS (1.7% vs 29.1%, P < 0.001) compared with Western countries. This study revealed the characteristics of HS patients in Okinawa and elucidated the differences between the epidemiology of HS in Western countries and East Asia. In addition, we found out factors that correlated with disease severity such as disease duration and serum C‐reactive protein to albumin ratio.
Rhizosphere microbiome functional diversity and pathogen invasion resistance build up during plant development
Authors: Hu Jie , Wei Zhong , Kowalchuk George A. , Xu Yangchun , Shen Qirong , Jousset Alexandre 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThe rhizosphere microbiome is essential for plant growth and health, and numerous studies have attempted to link microbiome functionality to species and trait composition. However, to date little is known about the actual ecological processes shaping community composition, complicating attempts to steer microbiome functionality. Here, we assess the development of microbial life history and community‐level species interaction patterns that emerge during plant development. We use microbial phenotyping to experimentally test the development of niche complementarity and life history traits linked to microbiome performance. We show that the rhizosphere microbiome assembles from pioneer assemblages of species with random resource overlap into high‐density, functionally complementary climax communities at later stages. During plant growth, fast‐growing species were further replaced by antagonistic and stress‐tolerant ones. Using synthetic consortia isolated from different plant growth stages, we demonstrate that the high functional diversity of ‘climax’ microbiomes leads to a better resistance to bacterial pathogen invasion. By demonstrating that different life‐history strategies prevail at different plant growth stages and that community‐level processes may supersede the importance of single species, we provide a new toolbox to understand microbiome assembly and steer its functionality at a community level.
The Persistence of the Gender Pay Gap in British Universities*
Authors: Frank Jeff 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe gender pay gap in the UK has been persistent despite the Equal Pay Act 1970. Universities were given a positive duty to redress this in the Equality Act 2010. Some British universities introduced a system of ‘professorial banding’. All professors were regraded from scratch. Surprisingly, this had almost no impact on the gender pay gap. We model how the design of the system could amplify discrimination. With individual data from one research university, we find evidence of gendered external market effects, effects of shorter tenure in the rank of professor and sticky floors.
From villain to victim
Authors: Gies Stephen V. , Healy Eoin , Green Brandn , Bobnis Amanda 
Published: May 2020

Research SummarySafe harbor laws are designed to redirect young victims of commercial sexual exploitation away from justice system involvement by prohibiting their arrest and prosecution as criminals. A quasi‐experimental design was used to compare prostitution‐related crime and sex abuse maltreatment trends at the county level in states that have implemented safe harbor laws with a comparison group of counties in states that have not implemented safe harbor laws. Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) were used to measure prostitution‐related crime trends, while National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) data were used to measure sex abuse maltreatment trends. We used a multilevel Poisson regression model to analyze the change in prostitution‐related crime and sex abuse maltreatment trends in treatment and comparison counties over an 11‐year observation period (2005–15).Policy ImplicationsOverall, the findings provide a striking perspective into the current U.S. landscape of dealing with the commercial sexual exploitation of juveniles. To that end, the decline in the number of overall and juvenile arrests across all prostitution‐related offenses suggests that safe harbor laws were effective in redirecting young victims away from system involvement. But the systematic provision of treatment services envisioned to go to these young victims has, to date, not become a reality. Nevertheless, these findings offer policymakers a foundation of evidence that can be used to engage intelligently and knowledgeably with regard to the current state of U.S. policy.
Soluble dietary fibers from black soybean hulls: Physical and enzymatic modification, structure, physical properties, and cholesterol binding capacity
Authors: Shen Meng , Weihao Wang , Cao Longkui 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe used ultrasound‐microwave comodification and enzyme modification (cellulase and hemicellulase) methods to extract soluble dietary fibers (SDFs) from black soybean hulls. Moreover, the structure, physical, and chemical properties, as well as the cholesterol‐binding capacity of SDFs before and after modification were analyzed. The average molecular weight of SDFs extracted from raw black soybean hulls was 2.815 × 105 Da. By comparison, the average molecular weight of SDFs from ultrasound‐microwave comodified hulls and enzyme‐modified hulls decreased by 33.21% and 45.29%, respectively. The water‐holding capacity (WHC), water‐swelling capacity (WSC), and oil‐holding capacity (OHC) of the extracted SDFs modified by the ultrasound‐microwave method were 3.79 g/g, 1.39 mL/g, and 1.14 g/g, respectively, a 9.54%, 23.01%, and 17.53% increase from the values of raw SDF. The WHC, WSC, and OHC of SDFs modified via the enzyme method were 3.59 g/g, 1.25 mL/g, and 1.03 g/g, respectively, with a 3.76%, 10.62%, and 6.19% increase when compared to raw SDFs. The cholesterol‐binding capacity of SDFs modified via the ultrasound‐microwave and enzyme methods was 13.82 and 12.34 mg/g, respectively, with an increase of 47.98% and 32.20% when compared to raw SDFs. The changes in structure and physical and chemical properties were shown to be closely related to the significantly improved cholesterol‐binding capacity of the SDFs from modified black soybean hulls. This provides a theoretical basis for subsequent research and development of black soybean hulls products.Practical ApplicationAt present, the black soybean hull, a byproduct of general grains, is usually abandoned, but black soybean hull is rich in dietary fiber. Enzymatic modification and ultrasound‐microwave comodification were used to treat black soybean hull to prepare small molecular weight, highly active soluble dietary fiber. This research is of great significance to the deep processing of black soybean hull and improvement of the economic benefits of black soybean byproducts.
Characterization of β‐glucan gum for food applications as influenced by genotypic variations in three hulless barley varieties
Authors: Abdel‐Haleem Amal Mahmoud Hassan , Agwa Amin Mohamed , Mahgoub Saad Aziz , Shehata Walid Mohamed 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThree hulless barley varieties were grown under normal conditions during 2017/2018 and 2018/2019, to improve their agronomic yield, and to assess how the genotype influences β‐glucan contents, and its structural, thermal, rheological, and functional properties, as intended to be used in food applications. The extracted gums with hot water at 55 °C and pH 8.0, showed contents from 5.75% to 6.41% (w/w), and concentrations from 68.55% to 79.29% of β‐glucan, with some starch and protein impurities. The results of the agronomic trail indicated the highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) influence of the genotype on all studied characteristics, and on the β‐glucan contents (0.28** and 0.33**) at both seasons. The morphology of the three gums was significantly different in the distribution and structure of networks. Peak intensities of the –OH and –CH groups and CH2 stretching were higher and wider in Giza129 and Giza131. β‐Glucan networks melt from 71.5 to 87.18 °C, and Giza131 exhibited the highest thermal stability. The aqueous dispersions (1%) of β‐glucan gums exhibited a non‐Newtonian behavior, and Giza130 presented the highest significant (P ≤ 0.05) apparent viscosity (η) and foaming stability. Giza129 showed the highest significant water and fat binding capacities, whereas Giza131 showed the highest significant foaming capacity. β‐Glucan gums showed different potentials in food applications as fat replacers, stabilizers, thickeners, and foaming agents in food systems. This study suggests planting the proper barley variety in breeding and genetic improvement programs to supply the food industry with the expected β‐glucan content with consistent structural, thermal, rheological, and functional properties.Practical Applicationβ‐Glucans play an important technological role in processed foods. Little current information is available on β‐glucan contents, and its potentiality on food applications, as influenced by variability among hulless barley genotypes. Accordingly, knowledge of β‐glucan levels in barley varieties is a valuable attribute for both consumers and food processors, and it will create an opportunity for scientific cooperation between food technologist and breeders to identify the suitable barley varieties to be used in breeding programs, to obtain barley with required β‐glucan contents, targeted for specific end uses.
Seasonal variation in grey crowned crane (Balearica regulorum) abundance in the Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania
Authors: Amulike Bridget B. , Fuller Todd K. , Houlihan Peter W. , Griffin Curtice R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThere are few quantitative estimates of numbers of Africa's endangered grey crowned cranes (Balearica regulorum), yet conservation of this species will depend on such estimates. We used line‐transect distance sampling on multiple 2‐km segments of an existing road network to estimate the abundance of grey crowned cranes in a portion of the Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania, during the wet (April) and dry (August) seasons of 2016. We analysed data from 106 transects on which we observed 174 groups of 1–61 cranes (median and mode = 2). Abundance and density estimates on the areas surveyed were best modelled without group size as a covariate and indicated that mean crane densities were significantly lower in the wet season (2.4/km2) than in the dry season (20.2 cranes/km2). Even based on survey areas of different size, minimum estimated numbers of cranes in the Crater (wet season: 108–133; dry season: 362–401) likely reflect the concentration of cranes in the nonbreeding (dry) season in the perennial wetlands of the Crater and reinforce the notion of the Crater being a key seasonal habitat for crane populations in northern Tanzania, as previously suggested in the literature.
VX‐765 enhances autophagy of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells against stroke‐induced apoptosis and inflammatory responses via AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Sun Zhezhe , Gu Lei , Wu Ke , Wang Kankai , Ru Junnan , Yang Su , Wang Zhenzhong , Zhuge Qichuan , Huang Lijie , Huang Shengwei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionTo investigate the protective effect of VX‐765 on human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs) in stroke and its mechanism.Materials and methodsMouse models of ischemic stroke were established using the distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO) method. The dMCAO mice were accordingly transplanted with HUMSCs, VX‐765‐treated HUMSCs, or VX‐765 + MHY185‐treated HUMSCs. The HUMSCs were inserted with green fluorescent protein (GFP) for measurement of transplantation efficiency which was determined by immunofluorescence assay. Oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD) was applied to mimic ischemic environment in vitro experiments, and the HUMSCs herein were transfected with AMPK inhibitor Compound C or autophagy inhibitor 3‐MA. MTT assay was used to test the toxicity of VX‐765. TUNEL staining and ELISA were applied to measure the levels of apoptosis and inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐10), respectively. The expressions of autophagy‐associated proteins, AMPK, and mTOR were detected by Western blotting. TTC staining was applied to reveal the infarct lesions in the brain of dMCAO mice.ResultsThe pro‐inflammatory cytokines, TUNEL‐positive cells, and p‐mTOR were decreased while the anti‐inflammatory cytokine, autophagy‐related proteins, and p‐AMPK were increased in HUMSCs treated with VX‐765 under OGD condition. Different expression patterns were found with the above factors after transfection of 3‐MA or Compound C. The pro‐inflammatory cytokines, TUNEL‐positive cells, and infarct sections were decreased while the anti‐inflammatory cytokine and autophagy‐related proteins were increased in dMCAO mice transplanted with VX‐765‐treated HUMSCs compared to those transplanted with HUMSCs only. The autophagy was inhibited while p‐mTOR was up‐regulated after transfection of MHY.ConclusionVX‐765 protects HUMSCs against stroke‐induced apoptosis and inflammatory responses by activating autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro.
Exploring What Is Encoded in Distributional Word Vectors: A Neurobiologically Motivated Analysis
Authors: Utsumi Akira 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe pervasive use of distributional semantic models or word embeddings for both cognitive modeling and practical application is because of their remarkable ability to represent the meanings of words. However, relatively little effort has been made to explore what types of information are encoded in distributional word vectors. Knowing the internal knowledge embedded in word vectors is important for cognitive modeling using distributional semantic models. Therefore, in this paper, we attempt to identify the knowledge encoded in word vectors by conducting a computational experiment using Binder et al.'s (2016) featural conceptual representations based on neurobiologically motivated attributes. In an experiment, these conceptual vectors are predicted from text‐based word vectors using a neural network and linear transformation, and prediction performance is compared among various types of information. The analysis demonstrates that abstract information is generally predicted more accurately by word vectors than perceptual and spatiotemporal information, and specifically, the prediction accuracy of cognitive and social information is higher. Emotional information is also found to be successfully predicted for abstract words. These results indicate that language can be a major source of knowledge about abstract attributes, and they support the recent view that emphasizes the importance of language for abstract concepts. Furthermore, we show that word vectors can capture some types of perceptual and spatiotemporal information about concrete concepts and some relevant word categories. This suggests that language statistics can encode more perceptual knowledge than often expected.
Does Land Rent between Acquaintances Deviate from the Reference Point? Evidence from Rural China
Authors: Qiu Tongwei , Luo Biliang , He Qinying 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper theoretically and empirically investigates whether acquaintance networks influence the deviation of land rent from the reference point advanced by Hart and Moore. The coefficient of variance and the range of land rent are used to represent the degree of deviation from the reference point. Based on village‐level data from the 2015 China Household Finance Survey, the estimated results indicate that land rent between acquaintances is more likely to significantly deviate from the reference point. Although rental transactions are conducted between acquaintances, larger deviations from the reference are also associated with a longer time to close deals. Our analysis using household‐level data further supports our findings, indicating that land rental markets embedded in the acquaintance networks of rural China are in a transition period and have characteristics of both relational and market orientation. The policy makers should introduce more outer village lessees or other market ingredients to increase the voluntary marketization of land rentals inside acquaintance networks.
Will Entrepreneurship Promote Productivity Growth in China?
Authors: Wang Jun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBased on data obtained from the Survey of Industrial Firms in China, the Chinese General Social Survey and prefecture‐level city data, this paper explores whether entrepreneurship will promote productivity growth in China. The research also examines whether entrepreneurship acts as a transmission mechanism affecting productivity through market competition, knowledge spillover and factor structure. Our empirical results reveal a relatively significant U‐shaped relationship between entrepreneurship and productivity and confirm the existence of a transmission mechanism of entrepreneurship. Among the three effects, the market competition effect is the most significant, followed by knowledge spillover and factor structure effects. An entrepreneurial heterogeneity test reveals that there is no significant difference between the effect of necessity entrepreneurship and overall entrepreneurship on productivity. However, a positive correlation is found between opportunistic entrepreneurship and productivity. Therefore, entrepreneurship plays a unique role in promoting economic growth in China.
Tail Causality between Crude Oil Price and RMB Exchange Rate
Authors: Ding Haoyuan , Jin Yuying , Qin Cong , Ying Jiezhou 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper we assess the causal relationship between international crude oil price changes and the RMB exchange rate using daily information from 21 July 2005 to 5 April 2017. In addition to linear causality tests, we employ quantile causality test to identify prior imperceptible causality in quantiles. We find a causal relationship from crude oil price to exchange rate at each quantile interval, but the reverse only appears in tail. This may help to explain why a traditional linear test fails to capture the causality from exchange rate to crude oil price as the quantile causalities in tails are canceled out by each other. Moreover, using RMB as the settlement currency in crude oil trade can weaken the prior significant causal relationships between crude oil price and exchange rate, whereas the reform of exchange rate marketization reignites the tail causalities from exchange rate to crude oil price. These findings recommend a wider use of domestic currencies in crude oil trade to avoid risk from the crude oil market.