bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The analysis of challenges test of catfish (Clarias sp.) with fatty acid compounds from starfish (Acantaster planci)
Authors: Achmad M J , Isnansetyo A , Andriani R , Samman A , Marus I 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Catfish (Clarias sp.) is one of the fresh water fish commodities widely cultivated and very popular in community for being simple in breeding and fast in growth. The demand of people for catfish has led to the increase of production in meeting the demand. This study aimed to analyze the values of SR, RPS, MT and MTD of catfish using the challenge test with bacterium A. hydrophila and given the fatty acid compounds of A. planci. The results of this study showed that the highest average value of SR was found in the treatment with 0.7 mg/kg BBI (26-76%), the highest average of RPS was found in the treatment with 0,7 mg/kg BBI (65%), the lowest average values of MR was found in the treatment with 0,7 mg/kg BBI (23,33%), and the average values of MTD were in the range of 94,24 to 142,67%. Meanwhile, the water quality parameter in the range of the optimum value of DO on day 1 was in the range of 5 to 6,8, on day 7 it was in the range of 5,2 to 6,8, and on day 15, it was in the range of 5,5 to 6. The level of oxygen was at 4 ppm and the water temperature was in the range of 26 to 28°C. The results of the identification towards the fatty acid compounds with GS-MS showed two fatty acid compounds; those are Hexadecanoic acid and 13-Octadecenoic acid. From this study, it can be concluded that there was an effect of giving the injection doses of A. planci compound on the analyses of SR, RPS, MR and MTD in the challenge test with the bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila in comparison to the fish not given with fatty acid compounds of A. planci.
Benthic marine litter accumulation at selection beaches in Ternate Island, Indonesia
Authors: Lessy M R , Najamuddin  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The report of marine litter pollution first published in the scientific journal of the early 1970s; therefore, more than 40 years later, the scientist continues to understand the distribution of litter existing in the marine environment. The present study was carried out in Ternate Island, North Maluku Province (eastern Indonesia) which the aims are to determine litter composition, abundance, weight, and density on the seafloor and to predict the sources of seafloor litter distribution in the study areas. A conventional underwater visual survey with scuba/snorkeling. The depth of the sampling area varied between 3 and 6 m according to the slope of the island. During the survey, total of 1171 items were collected from all study sites and a total of 20.47 Kg of weight. The mass of overall debris concentration range from 0.089 items/m2 to 1.04 items/m2. The number percentage of plastic, metal, fibers/textiles, glass, and rubbers in total were 77%, 12%, 7%, 2%, and 2%, respectively. Plastic debris was the most dominant material category by means of number and weight.
Ecological risk assessment of plutonium in primary inlet of Indonesian through flow (ITF)
Authors: Makmur M , Suseno H , Prihatiningsih W R , Yahya M N , Putra D I P , Priasetyono Y 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The present study to understand the environmental radiological risk of plutonium to marine biotas in the primary inlet of Indonesia Through Flow (ITF), seawater, and sediment samples collected during the monitoring work 2018-2019. The activity concentration of 239/240Pu was measured both for them. The activity concentration of the 239/240Pu in seawater and sediment was low, where that low activity concentration of plutonium can use as an indicator of the release of plutonium in Indonesia or neighboring countries in the future. The environmental radiological risk of plutonium to marine biotas in this study uses the ERICA Tool, where the total dose rates to marine biotas and risk of resultant radiobiological impacts were assessed. As input data for the ERICA tools, activity concentrations of 239/240Pu in seawater and sediment, distribution coefficient (Kd), dose conversion coefficients, occupancy factors, uncertainty factor set as the default value in ERICA Tool. Results compared to background dose rates, also estimated by the ERICA Tools. The risk of radiobiological effects in marine biotas in the primary inlet of ITF can be considered negligible because the estimated total dose level is below the 10 μGyh−1 screening dose. This study emphasizes that actual measurement data is needed in radiological risk assessment to reduce dependence on the ERICA Tool.
Growth, mortality and exploitation rate of Indo-Pacific King Mackerel (Scomberomorus guttatus, Bloch and Schneider, 1801) in the Tarakan waters, North Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Chodrijah U , Noegroho T , Tirtadanu  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Indo-Pasific King Mackerel or fisherman in Tarakan often call it the mackerel (Scomberomorus guttatus, Bloch & Scheneider, 1801) was the main catch of gillnet fishermen in the waters of Tarakan, North Kalimantan. This research aims to obtain data and information about the estimated rate of growth, mortality rate and exploitation rate. Time series data was collected from the fishing place in Selumit, Tarakan from April to December 2018. Parameter estimation was done using the FISAT II (FAO-ICLARM Stock Assessment Tools) program. The results of the study showed fork length of mackerel between 23-61 cmFL, each month mode varying between 29 – 39 cmFL with an average mode of 35 cmFL, growth patterns were negative allometric, The average length at first capture (Lc) smaller than the length at first maturity (Lm) so if this condition continue it will interfere the sustainability of fish resources. The growth rate (K) amounted to 0.28 per year with an asimptotic length of 64.21 cm. The total mortality rate (Z) of 1.44 per year, with a natural mortality rate of 0.64 per year, the rate of fishing mortality (F) amounted to 0.80 per year. The exploitation rate (E) of 0.56 per year indicates that the degree of harvesting leads to a more capture condition.
The quality of yellow tail fish (caesio cuning) with mobile sales system at Makassar City
Authors: Najih M R , Maskur M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This study aims to determine the feasibility of consumption of yellow tail fish mobile sales system at Makassar city with physical test parameters (temperature and pH), organoleptic tests, chemical tests (TVB and peroxide numbers), and microbiological tests (TPC and Coliform) and to determine the relationship between time and test parameters. The study was conducted by survey method. Analyzed date using Anova, then the results of significant analysis were further tested using the LSD test to determine differences between points of sale. Relationships between parameters measured were then analyzed using regression. The results showed that the quality of yellow tail fish that mobile sales system to the end point of sale (12.00 pm) was less fresh but was still suitable for consumption with testing parameters of organoleptic value of 6.73, TPC 4.32×105 cfu/g, Coliform bacteria 4, 50 × 102 APM/g, TVB content of 19.93 mgN/100g, and content of peroxide number 23.91 mEq/kg. And the relationship between time and testing parameters in yellow tail fish, the longer time the sale of fish central temperature, TPC, Coliform bacteria, TVB levels and peroxide content in yellow tail fish increased while organoleptic values and pH of fish decreased.
The behavior of coastal communities on management of domestic wastewater in Ternate City, Indonesia
Authors: Nagu N , Lessy M R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Coastal area is a region that highly vulnerable to environmental degradation. One of the problems occurred in the coastal area in Ternate city is the number of solid and liquid household waste throws to the watershed or sea water. The different of geographical characteristics in Ternate is the focus of this study. The study took place in Kampung Makassar Timur Village that has people who have the house on the sea water and Sangadji village who live in the coastal area. This research aims to determine the behaviour of the population in residential areas who live in different geographical characteristics by calculating a total load of domestic wastewater and measuring the quality of domestic wastewater. Data collection and information collected by using questionnaires to the respondents in the study areas and following up by determining the quality of wastewater in some representative stations by laboratory analyses performed. The result shows that the behaviour of most respondents indicate the same behaviour in disposing the domestic wastewater directly to the sea because of it is an easy way to throw the wastewater, while other mentioned there is no wastewater drainage available at their place.
Optimization of light intensity on growth rate and total lipid content of Chlorella vulgaris
Authors: Febrieni V N , Sedjati S , Yudiati E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Chlorella vulgaris was a potential microalga as a source of biomass due to its high lipid content. This study aimed to determine the growth and total lipid content of C. vulgaris that cultured in different light intensity. There were four-level treatments of light intensity applied i.e.: 2,500; 5,000; 7,500 and 10,000 lux, and were replicated three times. Microalga C. vulgaris was cultured in the plastic container, 35-40 ppt salinity, moderately aerated, kept in 19-25°C temperature, and pH 8-10 in the laboratory. The light intensity was given continuously for 24 hours. The culture media was enriched with Walne’s fertilizer (1 ml/l media). The period of culture was 12 days and growth was measured as cell density. The harvested microalga was dried, and the total lipid was then determined. Total lipid content was determined by the gravimetric method. Results showed that there were significant differences (p≤0.05) in the growth among four-level treatments of different light intensity, as well as for the total lipid content (p≤0.05). The best total lipid content was reached from sample at 10,000 lux (17.40±0.52% dry weight), followed by 7,500 lux (15.06±0.25% dry weight), 5,000 lux (13.3±0.43% dry weight) and 2,500 lux (7.30±0.30% dry weight), respectively.
Quantitative fucoxanthin extract of tropical Padina sp. and Sargassum sp. (Ocrophyta) and its’ radical scavenging activity
Authors: Nisa A A , Sedjati S , Yudiati E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Fucoxanthin is a potential compound in medicinal and nutritional ingredients due to its antioxicant acivity. This study was carried out to determine the fucoxanthin contents and antioxidant activitiy of crude fucoxanthin extract from Padina sp. and Sargassum sp. The crude fucoxanthin was partitioned using some solvents ie. methanol-water and followed by using n-hexane. The total fucoxanthin contents were analysed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) instrument, quantitatively and qualitatively. The total of fucoxanthin contents in Padina sp. was relatively high ( 2.44 mg/g) and followed by Sargassum sp (1.95 mg/g) wet weight, respectively. The antioxidant activity was done spectropohotometrically using diphenylpicrylhidrazyl (DPPH) method. The crude fucoxanthin extract from Padina sp. was showing a moderate antioxidant activity (209.93 ppm), while Sargassum sp was 639.22 ppm. Padina sp. from tropical waters is rich in fucoxanthin. Concerning the unstable fucoxanthin compound, next methods to stabilize the fucoxanthin extract need to explore.
Masculinization of betta fish (Betta splendens) through natural honey immersion with different concentration
Authors: Soumokil A W , Lumamuly J O , Laimeheriwa B M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Male betta fish is more popular and expensive compared to female betta fish because it has a more beautiful body shape and color. One effort to increase the population of male fish is the method of masculinization to reverse the sex of fish into males, so that the profit value is higher. Generally, sex directives or sex reversal usually use the steroid hormone: 17α-metiltestosterone (MT) by the method: immersion, injection or orally through feed. However, this MT hormone has side effects which can cause pollution, liver damage in test animals and can cause mortality. This study was conducted to determine the survival rate of larvae and increase the percentage of male betta fish through natural honey immersion with different concentrations. The method used in this study was a laboratory experiment, using 3 treatments namely A (5ml/L), B (6ml/L), C (7ml/L) and 3 replications. Betta fish larvae as test animals are 7 days old, with natural honey immersion for 12 hours and then reared for 60 days. The results of this study indicate that the survival rate of betta fish larvae after honey immersion treatment (12 hours) averaged 100% and the percentage of survival of betta fish during rearing (60 days) ranged from 25.55 - 30.00%. And the average sex percentage of male sex larvae in the treatment of natural honey immersion is 5 ml / L (85.00%), 6 ml / L (95.24%) and 7 ml / L (100%). Thus it can be concluded that proper honey concentration plays an important role in the process of masculinization.
Characterization of morphology and identification of bioactive compounds of laor (Eunice viridis) from the waters of Morotai Island
Authors: Koroy K , Nur R M , Nurafni  , Alican I 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Laor is one of the sea worms consumed by local people of Morotai Island as a source of protein. Laor appears seasonally in April and May. Laor will appear on the surface of the waters to do swarming in the morning. The purpose of this research is to study morphological characterization and the content of bioactive compounds in Morotai Island water. The study was conducted from May to August 2019. A sample of Laor obtained from the waters of Tanjung Dehegila, Wayabula, and Bere-Bere district Morotai Island. The extraction of samples using the maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent. Identification of the group of bioactive compounds include alkaloids, flavonoids, saponin, and steroids. The results showed that laor has the characterization of brownish-red body color and blue-greenish, body-level bodies, having hair/legs along the side of the body, and sensor tentacles in the head. Extracts obtained have textures such as pasta, sticky, and yellow, greenish-yellow to reddish-yellow. ELT extract yields 7.8%, ELW as much as 9.4%, and ELB as much as 19.3%. The identifying of the laor bioactive compounds suggests that ELT and ELW contain alkaloid compounds, flavonoids, saponins, and steroids, whereas ELB contains only flavonoid compounds.
The motility of Tor soro fish (Valenciennes, 1842) using post cryopreservation sperm: the effect of grape juice (Vitis vinifera) as a natural antioxidant
Authors: Anabella N A , Abinawanto  , Subagja J , Arifin O Z , Muhiardi I , Arief M Z 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Tor soro is an endemic fish found on several islands in Indonesia including Java, Sulawesi and Kalimantan. Tor soro has decreased in number due to overfishing, habitat destruction and asynchronous maturation time of male and female gonad. One of the alternative solutions to solve the problem is sperm cryopreservation. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of grape juice as a natural antioxidant on sperm motility of Tor soro 24 hours post cryopreservation. The sperm was collected through stripping method, and was diluted using 1:9 comparison into the soluble liquid (Fish Ringer + DMSO 10% + grape juice). The concentrations of the grape juice were 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%, respectively. The equilibration was carried out at 4°C for 3 h, sample were then frozen at -196°C for 24 h in liquid nitrogen and were thawed at 40°C for 1 min. The sperm motility percentage was analyzed using ANOVA and was followed by Tukey test. The result showed that there was an effect (p<0.05) of grape juice on the post cryopreservation spermatozoa motility. The 10% grape juice showed the highest sperm motility (41,8 ± 11,2 %) 24 h post cryopreservation.
Management of coastal resources in Mandalika in an era of disruptive innovation waves
Authors: Triyanti R , Kurniasari N , Yuliaty C , Muawanah U , Febrian T 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The development of maritime tourism in Central Lombok is still dependent on Bali tourism. The natural beauty and socio-cultural values of the coastal communities in Mandalika, differs from Bali, and has the potential of being developed into an attractive centre for tourists. One of the disruptive innovations in coastal areas in Mandalika is the increase in online travel centres which provides cheap and easy traveling packages. However, this system only prioritizes economic aspects, and fails to take into account the ecological sustainability aspects. This research, therefore, aims to identify the types and meanings of maritime culture in the form of rituals and traditions of coastal communities which is developed to increase and estimate Mandalika’s economy. Data collection was carried out using in-depth interviews and questionnaires, with the descriptive analysis of multiplier effects used for analysis. The results showed that the rituals and traditions such as the Bau Nyale tradition, Madak Mare, and the Ruwah Segara developed in Central Lombok are packaged into maritime culture-based tourism centre. This also requires the support of all stakeholders and the readiness of the local community. The type of business which grows in the presence of marine tourism includes hotel businesses, cafes, restaurants, and souvenir shops, while the direct, indirect, and continued economic impacts are estimated to be around IDR 8 M per year. This tends to have a multiplier effect on employment and economic growth in Central Lombok.
Does vascular endothelial dysfunction play a role in physical frailty and sarcopenia? A systematic review
Authors: Amarasekera Anjalee Thanuja , Chang Dennis , Schwarz Peter , Tan Timothy C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Frailty is strongly associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes; however, the underlying pathophysiological processes are largely unknown. Vascular endothelial dysfunction (VED) is the earliest stage of cardiovascular disease (CVD) progression and predicts long-term CVD outcomes. Both these conditions share an elevated inflammatory state as a common pathological factor.

Objective
Systematic literature review was conducted to examine the evidence supporting an association between VED and physical frailty and/or sarcopenia, in electronic databases including Scopus, Ovid Medline, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, ProQuest Health & Medicine and Embase from January 1980 to August 2019.

Results
A total of 18 studies met the inclusion criteria. VED is independently associated with increased frailty phenotypes and measures of sarcopenia. Several markers of VED, including higher levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine, abnormal ankle brachial index, pulse wave velocity, pulse pressure and lower levels of flow-mediated dilatation, peripheral blood flow and endothelial progenitor cell counts, have been associated with frailty/sarcopenia measurements. Some studies demonstrated the effect of inflammation on the association.

Conclusions
Recent studies, although limited, showed that VED could be one of the underlying mechanisms of frailty. It is entirely possible that inflammation-related pathological changes in the vascular endothelium are involved in the early causative mechanisms in physical frailty. The exact mechanism(s) underlying this association are still unclear and will need to be evaluated. The outcomes of these future research studies could potentially inform early preventative strategies for physical frailty and sarcopenia.
Exploring the security narrative in the work context
Authors: Busse Karoline , Seifert Jennifer , Smith Matthew 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIt is a well-known fact that the language of IT security experts differs from that of non-security-related people, leading to a multitude of problems. However, very little work has examined the differences in perception between security experts within a single security department or company. The sociological theory of power relations and organizational uncertainties by Croizer and Friedberg suggests that uncertainties about the narratives used in a department can lead to potentially harmful power relations and dissatisfied employees. We conducted a qualitative interview study within two distinct IT security companies in order to research the impact of diverging security narratives within security departments. Our results show that there is indeed an uncertainty about the term IT security. However, one company we interviewed regarded this uncertainty as highly beneficial for team creativity, communication, and mutual education, while the other, more technical-focused company showed few diversions within the security staff, but a possibly uniting conflict with the company’s IT department. Our results suggest that conscious shaping of a zone of uncertainty around the security narrative in the work context can be an important management skill for IT security practitioners. Furthermore, we show that the analysis of language uncertainties provides a powerful approach to studying the motivation of professional security groups.
Probiotic triangle of success; strain production, clinical studies and product development
Authors: Forssten Sofia D , Laitila Arja , Maukonen Johanna , Ouwehand Arthur C 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
The successful development of probiotic foods and dietary supplements rests on three pillars; each with their specific challenges and opportunities. First, strain production; this depends on selecting the right strain with promising technological properties and safety profile. Further the manufacturing of the strain in a stable format at sufficiently high yield, following regulatory and customer requirements on culture media ingredients and other processing aids. The second pillar are the preclinical and clinical studies to document that the strain is a probiotic and exerts a health benefit on the host, the consumer. Especially when aiming for a regulator approved health claim, clinical studies need to be thoroughly performed; following appropriate ethical, scientific and regulatory guidelines. Finally, the probiotic will need to be incorporated in a product that can be brought to the consumer; a dietary supplement or a functional food. Because of the live nature of probiotics, specific challenges may need to be dealt with. Although experience from other strains is helpful in the process, the development is strain specific. Commercialisation and marketing of probiotics are strictly but differently regulated in most jurisdictions; defining what can and cannot be claimed.