bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of the aggressiveness of non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors based on the dual-tracer PET/CT
Authors: Majala Susanna , Seppänen Hanna , Kemppainen Jukka , Sundström Jari , Schalin-Jäntti Camilla , Gullichsen Risto , Schildt Jukka , Mustonen Harri , Vesterinen Tiina , Arola Johanna , Kauhanen Saila 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Predicting the aggressive behavior of non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PNET) remains controversial. We wanted to explore, in a prospective setting, whether the diagnostic accuracy can be improved by dual-tracer functional imaging 68Ga-DOTANOC and 18F-FDG-PET/CT in patients with NF-PNETs.

Methods
Thirty-one patients with NF-PNET (90% asymptomatic) underwent PET-imaging with 18F-FDG and 68Ga-DOTANOC, followed by surgery (n = 20), an endoscopic ultrasonography and fine-needle biopsy (n = 2) or follow-up (n = 9). A focal activity on PET/CT greater than the background that could not be identified as physiological activity was considered to indicate tumor tissue. The imaging results were compared to histopathology. The mean follow-up time was 31.3 months.

Results
Thirty-one patients presented a total of 53 lesions (40 histologically confirmed) on PET/CT. Thirty patients had a 68Ga-DOTANOC-positive tumor (sensitivity 97%) and 10 patients had an 18F-FDG-positive tumor. In addition, one 68Ga-DOTANOC-negative patient was 18F-FDG-positive. 18F-FDG-PET/CT was positive in 19% (3/16) of the G1 tumors, 63% (5/8) of the G2 tumors and 1/1 of the well-differentiated G3 tumor. 68Ga-DOTANOC-PET/CT was positive in 94% of the G1 tumors, 100% of the G2 tumors and 1/1 of the well-differentiated G3 tumor. Two out of six (33%) of the patients with lymph node metastases (LN+) were 18F-FDG-positive. The 18F-FDG-PET/CT correlated with tumor Ki-67 (P = 0.021). Further, the Krenning score correlated with tumor Ki-67 (P = 0.013). 18F-FDG-positive tumors were significantly larger than the 18F-FDG-negative tumors (P = 0.012). 18F-FDG-PET/CT showed a positive predictive value of 78% in the detection of potentially aggressive tumors (G2, G3, or LN + PNETs); the negative predictive value was 69%.

Conclusions
18F-FDG-PET/CT is useful to predict tumor grade but not the LN+ of NF-PNETs. Patients with 18F-FDG-avid NF-PNETs should be referred for surgery. The 68Ga-DOTANOC-PET/CT also has prognostic value since the Krenning score predicts the histopathological tumor grade.

Trial registration
The study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov; Non-functional Pancreatic NET and PET imaging, NCT02621541.
LCBPA: two-stage task allocation algorithm for high-dimension data collecting in mobile crowd sensing network
Authors: Zhou Ning , Zhang Jianhui , Wang Binqiang , Xiao Jia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMobile crowd sensing (MCS) is a novel emerging paradigm that leverages sensor-equipped smart mobile terminals (e.g., smartphones, tablets, and intelligent wearable devices) to collect information. Compared with traditional data collection methods, such as construct wireless sensor network infrastructures, MCS has advantages of lower data collection costs, easier system maintenance, and better scalability. However, the limited capabilities make a mobile crowd terminal only support limited data types, which may result in a failure of supporting high-dimension data collection tasks. This paper proposed a task allocation algorithm to solve the problem of high-dimensional data collection in mobile crowd sensing network. The low-cost and balance-participating algorithm (LCBPA) aims to reduce the data collection cost and improve the equality of node participation by trading-off between them. The LCBPA performs in two stages: in the first stage, it divides the high-dimensional data into fine-grained and smaller dimensional data, that is, dividing an m-dimension data collection task into k sub-task by K-means, where (k < m). In the second stage, it assigns different nodes with different sensing capability to perform sub-tasks. Simulation results show that the proposed method can improve the task completion ratio, minimizing the cost of data collection.
A protocol for systematic review of Plantago major L. effectiveness in accelerating wound-healing in animal models
Authors: de Cássia Israel Cardoso Fernanda , Peruzzo Apolinário Priscila , da Silva Cunha Breder Jéssica , Paranhos Thalita , Ceretta Oliveira Henrique , Dini Polidoro Ariane , Souza Oliveira Kumakura Ana Railka , Melo Lima Maria Helena 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundStudies have indicated thatPlantago majorL. (P. major) has therapeutic properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal, immunostimulatory, and tissue regeneration. This plant species is assumed to provide potent tissue repair and healing in treatments of skin wound injuries, but the understanding of its effectiveness is still unclear. The systematic review proposed herein aims to assess effectiveness ofP. majorfor wound healing in animal models.MethodsWe will conduct database searches in BVS, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and CABDirect. Reviewers will independently evaluate titles, abstracts, and full-text articles retrieved from databases to identify potentially eligible studies. Relevant articles will be assessed for risk of bias and quality. The database searches will include analysis of wound healing rate through macroscopic evaluation, photo images, or calculation of the wound area retraction until the wound closure. Relevant data will be compiled for the capability and effectiveness ofP. majortreatments in accelerating wound healing. Random effects meta-analysis models will be employed to compare among groups based on outcome variables from studies reporting sufficient high-quality data.DiscussionResults of this systematic review will be presented in a narrative synthesis form. They will provide a summary and clear understanding of the relevant current questions and evidences directly related toP. majoreffective tissue repair and healing. Outcomes of this systematic review will contribute with important information that could benefit future research efforts and potential applicability in humans.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42019121962
Infinitely many high energy solutions for fractional Schrödinger equations with magnetic field
Authors: Yang Libo , An Tianqing , Zuo Jiabin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper we investigate the existence of infinitely many solutions for nonlocal Schrödinger equation involving a magnetic potential $$ (-\triangle )_{A}^{s}u+V(x)u=f\bigl(x, \vert u \vert \bigr)u, \quad\text{in } {\mathbb {R}}^{N}, $$(−△)Asu+V(x)u=f(x,|u|)u,in RN, where $s\in (0,1)$s∈(0,1) is fixed, $N>2s$N>2s, $V:{\mathbb {R}}^{N}\rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}^{+}$V:RN→R+ is an electric potential, the magnetic potential $A:{\mathbb {R}}^{N}\rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}^{N}$A:RN→RN is a continuous function, and $(-\triangle )_{A}^{s}$(−△)As is the fractional magnetic operator. Under suitable assumptions for the potential function V and nonlinearity f, we obtain the existence of infinitely many nontrivial high energy solutions by using the variant fountain theorem.
The dual functional role of MicroRNA‐18a (miR‐18a) in cancer development
Authors: Shen Kexin , Cao Zhe , Zhu Ruizhe , You Lei , Zhang Taiping 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe polycistronic miR‐17‐92 cluster is instrumental in physiological processes commonly dysregulated in cancer, such as proliferation, the cell cycle, apoptosis, and differentiation. MicroRNA‐18a (miR‐18a) is one of the most conserved and multifunctional miRNAs in the cluster and is frequently overexpressed in malignant tumors. Altered miR‐18a expression has been found in various physiological and pathological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), tumorigenesis, cancer invasion and metastasis. In this review, we summarized the molecular basis and regulatory targets of miR‐18a in cancer development. Interestingly, miR‐18a has a dual functional role in either promoting or inhibiting oncogenesis in different human cancers. The differential miRNA expression in cancers of the same organ at different stages or of various subtypes suggests that this dual function of miR‐18a is independent of cancer type and may be attributed to the fundamental differences in tumorigenic mechanisms. Finally, we summarized the current clinical use of miR‐18a and discussed its potential uses in cancer therapy.
Mesenchymal stem cell–gut microbiota interaction in the repair of inflammatory bowel disease: an enhanced therapeutic effect
Authors: Ocansey Dickson Kofi Wiredu , Wang Li , Wang Jingyan , Yan Yongmin , Qian Hui , Zhang Xu , Xu Wenrong , Mao Fei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundSeveral investigations affirm that, patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) exhibit dysbiosis characterized by restricted biodiversity and imbalanced bacterial composition intertwined with immune dysregulation. The interaction between stem cells and gut microbiota is a novel and highly promising field that could add up to a better understanding of the gut physiology, as well as therapeutic improvement towards diseases like IBD. Through direct contact or release of products and/or metabolites, gut bacteria regulate gut homeostasis, damage repair, regeneration and differentiation of stem cells. In the same way, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) produce similar effects including restoration of gut–microbiome composition.BodyWe reviewed the anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial, pathogenic bacterial clearance, proliferation and tissue remodeling effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) as separate transplants in IBD, and the outcome of the interaction between MSCs and gut microbiota.ConclusionThe two therapies share several points of connection in therapeutics with enhanced functionalities in their interaction with each other. Focused investigations of MSC–gut bacteria interactions could lead to a novel discovery in therapeutics. We also anticipate an improved clinical remission rate in a combined FMT–MSC transplantation approach in IBD than the current single FMT or MSC approach.
The critical detection distance for passively tracking tagged fish using a fixed radio telemetry station in a small stream
Authors: Sullivan Brittany G. , Struthers Daniel P. , Taylor Mark K. , Carli Chris , Cooke Steven J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Fixed radio telemetry stations are used to study the movement ecology of fishes in streams and rivers. A common assumption of such studies is that detection efficiency remains constant through space and time. The objective of this study was to understand how site characteristics and tag distance can influence the detection efficiency of a fixed receiver when used for fisheries research in a small stream. Field tests included a fixed receiver station on Forty Mile Creek, in Banff National Park, AB, Canada that recorded signals from radio tags over specified distances (i.e., 0 m, 27 m, 53 m, 80 m) within the expected detection range from July to October, 2016. Model selection was used to test which parameters may influence detection efficiency.

Results
The fixed receiver was able to record an average of 89% of transmissions over the study period. Detection efficiency was greater or equal to 0.97 at tag distances of ≤ 53 m. Detection efficiency significantly declined by 36% to a rate of 0.62 for tags placed 80 m from the fixed receiver. Water temperature and water depth also reduced detection efficiency, but only at the critical threshold of 80 m from the tag. Interestingly, turbidity had no influence on detection efficiency in this study.

Conclusions
This study provided insights into the reliability of fixed receiver stations as a passive tracking technique in small streams. The abrupt change in detection efficiency observed in this study presumably occurs in other systems. Identifying critical detection distance thresholds would appear to be a useful strategy for avoiding false-negative results. It is recommended that researchers who conduct radio tracking studies with fixed arrays should consider the deployment of sentinel tags over the study to understand the system performance.
The role of inhibition capacities in the Iowa gambling test performance in young tattooed women
Authors: Kertzman Semion , Kagan Alex , Hegedish Omer , Lapidus Rina , Weizman Abraham 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Using the Iowa Gambling Test (IGT), we demonstrated previously impaired decision- making process in young tattooed women. The purpose of the present study was to explore the associations among the three facets of impaired inhibition (response inhibition, reflection inhibition and interference inhibition) and decision-making processes in this population.

Methods
To this end, the participants of the previous study (60 tattooed women and 60 non-tattooed women) were assessed in the Go/NoGo task, a measure of response inhibition, the Matched Familiar Figure Test (MFFT), a measure of reflection inhibition and the Stroop task a measure of interference inhibition.

Results
Tattooed women were significantly slower than non-tattooed women in the Go/NoGo performance; however, no differences were detected in the MFFT and the Stroop task. A hierarchical regression analysis did not reveal any significant main effects of these inhibition measures on the IGT performance.

Conclusions
These findings do not support the hypothesis that risky decision in young tattooed women is due to impaired inhibitory control. Further studies are needed to identify the cognitive mechanisms involved in the tendency to risky decisions in young tattooed women.
Investigation of somatic CNVs in brains of synucleinopathy cases using targeted SNCA analysis and single cell sequencing
Authors: Perez-Rodriguez Diego , Kalyva Maria , Leija-Salazar Melissa , Lashley Tammaryn , Tarabichi Maxime , Chelban Viorica , Gentleman Steve , Schottlaender Lucia , Franklin Hannah , Vasmatzis George , Houlden Henry , Schapira Anthony H. V. , Warner Thomas T. , Holton Janice L. , Jaunmuktane Zane , Proukakis Christos 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSynucleinopathies are mostly sporadic neurodegenerative disorders of partly unexplained aetiology, and include Parkinson’s disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). We have further investigated our recent finding of somatic SNCA (α-synuclein) copy number variants (CNVs, specifically gains) in synucleinopathies, using Fluorescent in-situ Hybridisation for SNCA, and single-cell whole genome sequencing for the first time in a synucleinopathy. In the cingulate cortex, mosaicism levels for SNCA gains were higher in MSA and PD than controls in neurons (> 2% in both diseases), and for MSA also in non-neurons. In MSA substantia nigra (SN), we noted SNCA gains in > 3% of dopaminergic (DA) neurons (identified by neuromelanin) and neuromelanin-negative cells, including olig2-positive oligodendroglia. Cells with CNVs were more likely to have α-synuclein inclusions, in a pattern corresponding to cell categories mostly relevant to the disease: DA neurons in Lewy-body cases, and other cells in the striatonigral degeneration-dominant MSA variant (MSA-SND). Higher mosaicism levels in SN neuromelanin-negative cells may correlate with younger onset in typical MSA-SND, and in cingulate neurons with younger death in PD. Larger sample sizes will, however, be required to confirm these putative findings. We obtained genome-wide somatic CNV profiles from 169 cells from the substantia nigra of two MSA cases, and pons and putamen of one. These showed somatic CNVs in ~ 30% of cells, with clonality and origins in segmental duplications for some. CNVs had distinct profiles based on cell type, with neurons having a mix of gains and losses, and other cells having almost exclusively gains, although control data sets will be required to determine possible disease relevance. We propose that somatic SNCA CNVs may contribute to the aetiology and pathogenesis of synucleinopathies, and that genome-wide somatic CNVs in MSA brain merit further study.
Histaminergic interneurons in the ventral nerve cord: assessment of their value for Euarthropod phylogeny
Authors: Maurer Maite , Hladik Janina , Iliffe Thomas M. , Stemme Torben 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDespite numerous approaches to the resolution of euarthropod phylogeny, mainly based on modern sequence information and traditional external morphology, the resulting hypotheses are often contradictory and leave many questions about euarthropod evolution unanswered. The comparison of developmental and structural aspects of the nervous system has shown to be a valuable contribution to the assessment of current phylogenetic hypotheses. One promising approach for the generation of new character sets is the morphology of transmitter systems and the discovery of individually identifiable neurons, which allow phylogenetic comparisons on the single cell level. In this context, the serotonin transmitter system has been investigated to a considerable degree. Studies to date have yielded important stimuli to our understanding of euarthropod relationships and the evolution of their nervous systems. However, data on other transmitter systems remain fragmented, and their value with respect to phylogenetic questions remains speculative. The biogenic amine histamine is a promising transmitter; a substantial amount of data has been reported in the literature and the homology of some histaminergic neurons has been suggested. Here, we present a comprehensive review of histaminergic neurons in the ventral nerve cord of Euarthropoda. Using immunocytochemical labeling of histamine combined with confocal laser-scanning microscopy, we investigated the transmitter system in phylogenetically relevant taxa, such as Zygentoma, Remipedia, Diplopoda, and Arachnida. By reconstructing ground patterns, we evaluated the significance of this specific character set for euarthropod phylogeny. With this approach, we identified a set of neurons, which can be considered homologous within the respective major taxon. In conclusion, the histaminergic system contains useful information for our understanding of euarthropod phylogeny, supporting the proposed clades Tetraconata and Mandibulata. Furthermore, this character set has considerable potential to help resolve relationships within the major clades at a deeper level of taxonomy, due to the considerable variability in neurite morphology.
A case report of a long-term abandoned torn lingual nerve injury repaired by collagen nerve graft induced by lower third molar extraction
Authors: Fujita Shigeyuki , Mizobata Naoki , Nakanishi Takashi , Tojyo Itaru 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe lingual nerve plays an important role in multiple functions, including gustatory sensation and contact sensitivity and thermosensitivity. Misdiagnosed conservative treatments for serious lingual nerve (LN) injuries can induce the patient to serious mental disability. After continuous observation and critical diagnosis of the injury, in cases involving significant disruption of lingual nerve function, microneurosurgical reconstruction of the nerve is recommended. Direct anastomosis of the torn nerve ends without tension is the recommended approach. However, in cases that present significant gaps between the injured nerve ends, nerve grafts or conduits (tubes of various materials) are employed. Recently, various reconstruction materials for peripheral nerves were commercially offered especially in the USA, but the best method and material is still unclear in the world. There currently exists no conventional protocol for managing LN neurosensory deficiency in regard to optimal methods and the timing for surgical repair. In Japan, the allograft collagen nerve for peripheral nerves reconstruction was permitted in 2017, and we tried to use this allograft nerve and got a recommendable result.Case presentationThis report is a long-term abandoned torn LN reconstructed with allograft nerve induced by the lower third molar extraction.ConclusionsIn early sick period, with the exact diagnosis, the LN disturbance should be managed. In a serious condition, the reconstruction with allograft nerve is one of the recommendable methods.
Exhumations: rarely done procedure but useful in many circumstances—a review of 47 cases in Nigeria
Authors: Akhiwu Wilson Oberaifo , Nwafor Chukwuemeka Charles 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
To do a comprehensive analysis of all exhumation and post mortem examination (EPME) performed in South-South region of Nigeria, with an aim to determine the causes of death and various factors that affect it.

Methodology
This is a retrospective study of all EPME that were done in South-South region of Nigeria over 16 years (1 January 2001 and 31 December 2017). The duplicate copies of all EPME reports that were written previously and police reports for each case were reviewed.

Results
A total of 47 cases were seen. The youngest case was a 6-month-old male and the oldest an 86-year-old man. Males accounted for 72.3% of cases. Age group 20–29 years accounted for most (19.1%) cases. The history summary included sudden traumatic death (40.4%), bodies found floating on the river (23.4%), and kidnapped victims (8.5%). In 91.5% of cases, the autopsies were performed immediately after exhumation beside the grave. Grave locations were the river bank (23.4%), farm lands (21.3%), the deceased family compound (21.3%), cemetery (17%), and in the forest (10.6%). Two mass graves were seen containing 8 bodies and 11 bodies, respectively. A casket was used in 9 cases (19.1%). The shortest interval between burial and exhumation was 5 days, and the longest interval was 348 days. On exhumation, the remains were moderately to severely decomposed (36.2%), skeletonized (34%), or partially decomposed (23.4%). The causes of death were seen in 63.8% of cases.

Conclusion
Exhumation, though rarely done, still remains a useful procedure, because in a significant number of cases, it helped to answer the medico-legal question (the causes of death were seen). Young males account for most cases in our setting.
Management of cubital tunnel syndrome by anterior trans-muscular transposition of the ulnar nerve
Authors: Ammar Ahmed Shawky , El Tabl Mohamed Ahmed , Saif Dalia Salah 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Various surgical options are used for the treatment of ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow. In this study, anterior trans-muscular transposition of the ulnar nerve was used for the treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome.

Objectives
To evaluate the surgical results of anterior trans-muscular transposition technique for the treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome with particular emphasis on clinical outcome.

Methods
Forty patients with cubital tunnel syndrome were operated using anterior trans-muscular transposition technique. Patients were classified into post-operative clinical outcome grades according to the Wilson & Krout criteria, and they were followed up by visual analog scale (VAS), the Disability of Arm Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, electrophysiological study, and post-operative clinical evaluation.

Results
Forty patients with cubital tunnel syndrome who underwent anterior trans-muscular transposition of the ulnar nerve show a significant clinical improvement at 24 months post-surgery regarding visual analog scale (VAS), the Disability of Arm Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, electrophysiological study, and the Wilson & Krout grading as 87.5% of the patients recorded excellent and good outcome.

Conclusion
Anterior transmuscular transposition of the ulnar nerve is a safe and effective treatment for ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow.