bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacists in general practice: a qualitative process evaluation of the General Practice Pharmacist (GPP) study
Authors: James Oscar , Cardwell Karen , Moriarty Frank , Smith Susan M , Clyne Barbara 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
There is some evidence to suggest that pharmacists integrated into primary care improves patient outcomes and prescribing quality. Despite this growing evidence, there is a lack of detail about the context of the role.

Objective
To explore the implementation of The General Practice Pharmacist (GPP) intervention (pharmacists integrating into general practice within a non-randomized pilot study in Ireland), the experiences of study participants and lessons for future implementation.

Design and setting
Process evaluation with a descriptive qualitative approach conducted in four purposively selected GP practices.

Methods
A process evaluation with a descriptive qualitative approach was conducted in four purposively selected GP practices. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, transcribed verbatim and analysed using a thematic analysis.

Results
Twenty-three participants (three pharmacists, four GPs, four patients, four practice nurses, four practice managers and four practice administrators) were interviewed. Themes reported include day-to-day practicalities (incorporating location and space, systems and procedures and pharmacists’ tasks), relationships and communication (incorporating GP/pharmacist mode of communication, mutual trust and respect, relationship with other practice staff and with patients) and role perception (incorporating shared goals, professional rewards, scope of practice and logistics).

Conclusions
Pharmacists working within the general practice team have potential to improve prescribing quality. This process evaluation found that a pharmacist joining the general practice team was well accepted by the GP and practice staff and effective interprofessional relationships were described. Patients were less clear of the overall benefits. Important barriers (such as funding, infrastructure and workload) and facilitators (such as teamwork and integration) to the intervention were identified which will be incorporated into a pilot cluster randomized controlled trial.
Meromorphic Modular Forms with Rational Cycle Integrals
Authors: Löbrich Steffen , Schwagenscheidt Markus 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe study rationality properties of geodesic cycle integrals of meromorphic modular forms associated to positive definite binary quadratic forms. In particular, we obtain finite rational formulas for the cycle integrals of suitable linear combinations of these meromorphic modular forms.
Insights Into Pneumococcal Pneumonia Using Lung Aspirates and Nasopharyngeal Swabs Collected From Pneumonia Patients in The Gambia
Authors: Dunne Eileen M , Hua Yinglei , Salaudeen Rasheed , Hossain Ilias , Ndiaye Malick , Ortika Belinda D , Mulholland E Kim , Hinds Jason , Manna Sam , Mackenzie Grant A , Satzke Catherine 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
We investigated the pathogenesis of pneumococcal pneumonia using clinical specimens collected for pneumonia surveillance in The Gambia.

Methods
Lung aspirates and nasopharyngeal swabs from 31 patients were examined by culture, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), whole genome sequencing, serotyping, and reverse-transcription qPCR.

Results
Five lung aspirates cultured pneumococci, with a matching strain identified in the nasopharynx. Three virulence genes including ply (pneumolysin) were upregulated &gt;20-fold in the lung compared with the nasopharynx. Nasopharyngeal pneumococcal density was higher in pediatric pneumonia patients compared with controls (P &lt; .0001).

Conclusions
Findings suggest that changes in pneumococcal gene expression occurring in the lung environment may be important in pathogenesis.
Exploring Lutzomyia longipalpis Sand Fly Vector Competence for Leishmania major Parasites
Authors: Cecílio Pedro , Pires Ana Clara A M , Valenzuela Jesus G , Pimenta Paulo F P , Cordeiro-da-Silva Anabela , Secundino Nagila F C , Oliveira Fabiano 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies are the major natural vector of Leishmania infantum parasites, responsible for transmission of visceral leishmaniasis in the New World. Several experimental studies have demonstrated the ability of Lu. longipalpis to sustain development of different Leishmania species. However, no study had explored in depth the potential vector competence of Lu. longipalpis for Leishmania species other than L. infantum. Here, we show that Lu. longipalpis is a competent vector of L. major parasites, being able to acquire parasites from active cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions, sustain mature infections, and transmit them to naive hosts, causing disease.
Transmission Potential of Asymptomatic and Paucisymptomatic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infections: A 3-Family Cluster Study in China
Authors: Jiang Xiao-Lin , Zhang Xiao-Li , Zhao Xiang-Na , Li Cun-Bao , Lei Jie , Kou Zeng-Qiang , Sun Wen-Kui , Hang Yang , Gao Feng , Ji Sheng-Xiang , Lin Can-Fang , Pang Bo , Yao Ming-Xiao , Anderson Benjamin D , Wang Guo-Lin , Yao Lin , Duan Li-Jun , Kang Dian-Min , Ma Mai-Juan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Data concerning the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in asymptomatic and paucisymptomatic patients are lacking. We report a 3-family cluster of infections involving asymptomatic and paucisymptomatic transmission. Eight of 15 (53%) members from 3 families were confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of 8 patients, 3 were asymptomatic and 1 was paucisymptomatic. An asymptomatic mother transmitted the virus to her son, and a paucisymptomatic father transmitted the virus to his 3-month-old daughter. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in the environment of 1 household. The complete genomes of SARS-CoV-2 from the patients were &gt; 99.9% identical and were clustered with other SARS-CoV-2 sequences reported from China and other countries.
Commitment and (in) Efficiency: A Bargaining Experiment
Authors: Agranov Marina , Elliott Matt 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTIn many matching markets, bargaining determines who matches with whom and on what terms. We experimentally investigate allocative efficiency and how subjects’ payoffs depend on their matching opportunities in such markets. We consider three simple markets. There are no information asymmetries, subjects are patient, and a perfectly equitable outcome is both feasible and efficient. Efficient perfect equilibria of the corresponding bargaining game exist, but are increasingly complicated to sustain across the three markets. Consistent with the predictions of simple (Markov perfect) equilibria, we find considerable mismatch in two of the markets. Mismatch is reduced but remains substantial when we change the nature of bargaining by moving from a structured experimental protocol to permitting free-form negotiations, and when we allow players to renege on their agreements. Our results suggest that mismatch is driven by players correctly anticipating that they might lose their strong bargaining positions, and by players in weak bargaining positions demanding equitable payoffs.
Chilaiditi syndrome: an unusual presentation in elderly man
Authors: Al Omran Aqdas A , Ibrahim Arwa H , Balhareth Ameera S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Chilaiditi syndrome is a radiological manifestation of a large bowel interposition between the liver and right hemidiaphragm that associated with gastrointestinal symptoms. We report a case of 78-year-old Saudi male with multiple comorbidities, presented to the emergency department with two episodes of passaging a large amount of fresh, bright blood per rectum. Later, the patient was diagnosed with Chilaiditi syndrome and managed with conservative measures. The presence of Chilaiditi signs can be caused by an abnormality of either liver, colon or right hemidiaphragm that leads to sub-diaphragmatic space enlargement or intestinal hypermobility. Computed tomography imaging is the best diagnostic modality. Conservative treatment is the first line in management.
Application of Probability-Based Link-Tracing and Nonprobability Approaches to Sampling Out-of-School Youth in Developing Countries
Authors: Krenzke Tom , Mohadjer Leyla 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Motivated by the United Nations’ Education Sustainable Development Goal of all young people achieving at least basic literacy and numeracy skills, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development has undertaken a pilot study of the Programme for the International Student Assessment (PISA) for developing countries. In this study, PISA is administered in five developing countries to 14- to 16-year olds who are either out of school or in school below grade 7. The target population is about 1–3 percent of the overall population for the participating countries. Several options to achieve adequate representation were presented to countries. To simplify operations, reduce costs, reduce bias, and achieve sample size goals, a probability-based link-tracing approach was designed and attempted in countries as one of the several approaches administered. In this article, we provide an evaluation of the approach and describe its application toward providing proficiency estimates with adequate representation of the target population.
Ca2+-dependent nuclease is involved in DNA degradation during the formation of the secretory cavity by programmed cell death in fruit of Citrus grandis ‘Tomentosa’
Authors: Bai Mei , Liang Minjian , Huai Bin , Gao Han , Tong Panpan , Shen Rongxin , He Hanjun , Wu Hong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The secretory cavity is a typical structure in Citrus fruit and is formed by schizolysigeny. Previous reports have indicated that programmed cell death (PCD) is involved in the degradation of secretory cavity cells in the fruit, and that the spatio-temporal location of calcium is closely related to nuclear DNA degradation in this process; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this Ca2+ regulation remain largely unknown. Here, we identified CgCaN that encodes a Ca2+-dependent DNase in the fruit of Citrus grandis ‘Tomentosa’, the function of which was studied using calcium ion localization, DNase activity assays, in situ hybridization, and protein immunolocalization. The results suggested that the full-length cDNA of CgCaN contains an ORF of 1011 bp that encodes a protein 336 amino acids in length with a SNase-like functional domain. CgCaN digests dsDNA at neutral pH in a Ca2+-dependent manner. In situ hybridization signals of CgCaN were particularly distributed in the secretory cavity cells. Ca2+ and Ca2+-dependent DNases were mainly observed in the condensed chromatin and in the nucleolus. In addition, spatio-temporal expression patterns of CgCaN and its protein coincided with the time-points that corresponded to chromatin degradation and nuclear rupture during the PCD in the development of the fruit secretory cavity. Taken together, our results suggest that Ca2+-dependent DNases play direct roles in nuclear DNA degradation during the PCD of secretory cavity cells during Citrus fruit development. Given the consistency of the expression patterns of genes regulated by calmodulin (CaM) and calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPK) and the dynamics of calcium accumulation, we speculate that CaM and CDPK proteins might be involved in Ca2+ transport from the extracellular walls through the cytoplasm and into the nucleus to activate CgCaN for DNA degradation.
Autophagy in Hematological Malignancies: Molecular Aspects in Leukemia and Lymphoma
Authors: Boustani Hassan , Khodadi Elahe , Shahidi Minoo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The organization of the hematopoietic system is dependent on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that are capable of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation to produce different blood cell lines. Autophagy has a central role in energy production and metabolism of the cells during starvation, cellular stress adaption, and removing mechanisms for aged or damaged organelles.
The role and importance of autophagy pathways are becoming increasingly recognized in the literature because these pathways can be useful in organizing intracellular circulation, molecular complexes, and organelles to meet the needs of various hematopoietic cells. There is supporting evidence in the literature that autophagy plays an emerging role in the regulation of normal cells and that it also has important features in malignant hematopoiesis. Understanding the molecular details of the autophagy pathway can provide novel methods for more effective treatment of patients with leukemia. Overall, our review will emphasize the role of autophagy and its different aspects in hematological malignant neoplasms.
The assembly history of the nearest S0 galaxy NGC 3115 from its kinematics out to six half-light radii
Authors: Dolfi Arianna , Forbes Duncan A , Couch Warrick J , Ferré-Mateu Anna , Bellstedt Sabine , Bekki Kenji , Diaz Jonathan , Romanowsky Aaron J , Brodie Jean P 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Using new and archival data, we study the kinematic properties of the nearest field S0 galaxy, NGC 3115, out to ∼6.5 half-light radii (Re) from its stars (integrated starlight), globular clusters (GCs), and planetary nebulae (PNe). We find evidence of three kinematic regions with an inner transition at ∼0.2 Re from a dispersion-dominated bulge (Vrot/σ &lt; 1) to a fast-rotating disc (Vrot/σ &gt; 1), and then an additional transition from the disc to a slowly rotating spheroid at $\sim 2\!-\!2.5\, R_\mathrm{e}$, as traced by the red GCs and PNe (and possibly by the blue GCs beyond $\sim 5\, R_\mathrm{e}$). From comparison with simulations, we propose an assembly history in which the original progenitor spiral galaxy undergoes a gas-rich minor merger that results in the embedded kinematically cold disc that we see today in NGC 3115. At a later stage, dwarf galaxies, in mini mergers (mass ratio &lt; 1:10), were accreted building up the outer slowly rotating spheroid, with the central disc kinematics largely unaltered. Additionally, we report new spectroscopic observations of a sample of ultracompact dwarfs (UCDs) around NGC 3115 with the Keck/KCWI instrument. We find that five UCDs are inconsistent with the general rotation field of the GCs, suggesting an ex situ origin for these objects, i.e. perhaps the remnants of tidally stripped dwarfs. A further seven UCDs follow the GC rotation pattern, suggesting an in situ origin and, possibly a GC-like nature.
Distinct Expression and Methylation Patterns for Genes with Different Fates following a Single Whole-Genome Duplication in Flowering Plants
Authors: Shi Tao , Rahmani Razgar Seyed , Gugger Paul F , Wang Muhua , Li Hui , Zhang Yue , Li Zhizhong , Wang Qingfeng , Van de Peer Yves , Marchal Kathleen , Chen Jinming 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFor most sequenced flowering plants, multiple whole-genome duplications (WGDs) are found. Duplicated genes following WGD often have different fates that can quickly disappear again, be retained for long(er) periods, or subsequently undergo small-scale duplications. However, how different expression, epigenetic regulation, and functional constraints are associated with these different gene fates following a WGD still requires further investigation due to successive WGDs in angiosperms complicating the gene trajectories. In this study, we investigate lotus (Nelumbo nucifera), an angiosperm with a single WGD during the K–pg boundary. Based on improved intraspecific-synteny identification by a chromosome-level assembly, transcriptome, and bisulfite sequencing, we explore not only the fundamental distinctions in genomic features, expression, and methylation patterns of genes with different fates after a WGD but also the factors that shape post-WGD expression divergence and expression bias between duplicates. We found that after a WGD genes that returned to single copies show the highest levels and breadth of expression, gene body methylation, and intron numbers, whereas the long-retained duplicates exhibit the highest degrees of protein–protein interactions and protein lengths and the lowest methylation in gene flanking regions. For those long-retained duplicate pairs, the degree of expression divergence correlates with their sequence divergence, degree in protein–protein interactions, and expression level, whereas their biases in expression level reflecting subgenome dominance are associated with the bias of subgenome fractionation. Overall, our study on the paleopolyploid nature of lotus highlights the impact of different functional constraints on gene fate and duplicate divergence following a single WGD in plant.
The cell line A-to-I RNA editing catalogue
Authors: Schaffer Amos A , Kopel Eli , Hendel Ayal , Picardi Ernesto , Levanon Erez Y , Eisenberg Eli 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is a common post transcriptional modification. It has a critical role in protecting against false activation of innate immunity by endogenous double stranded RNAs and has been associated with various regulatory processes and diseases such as autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases as well as cancer. In addition, the endogenous A-to-I editing machinery has been recently harnessed for RNA engineering. The study of RNA editing in humans relies heavily on the usage of cell lines as an important and commonly-used research tool. In particular, manipulations of the editing enzymes and their targets are often developed using cell line platforms. However, RNA editing in cell lines behaves very differently than in normal and diseased tissues, and most cell lines exhibit low editing levels, requiring over-expression of the enzymes. Here, we explore the A-to-I RNA editing landscape across over 1000 human cell lines types and show that for almost every editing target of interest a suitable cell line that mimics normal tissue condition may be found. We provide CLAIRE, a searchable catalogue of RNA editing levels across cell lines available at http://srv00.recas.ba.infn.it/atlas/claire.html, to facilitate rational choice of appropriate cell lines for future work on A-to-I RNA editing.
Effect of the proton-pump Inhibitor pantoprazole on MycoPhenolic ACid exposure in kidney and liver transplant recipienTs (IMPACT study): a randomized trial
Authors: Sunderland Andrew , Russ Graeme , Sallustio Benedetta , Cervelli Matthew , Joyce David , Ooi Esther , Jeffrey Gary , Boudville Neil , Chakera Aron , Dogra Gursharan , Chan Doris , Wong Germaine , Lim Wai H 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundMycophenolic acid (MPA) is widely utilized as an immunosuppressant in kidney and liver transplantation, with reports suggesting an independent relationship between MPA concentrations and adverse allograft outcome. Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) may have variable effects on the absorption of different MPA formulations leading to differences in MPA exposure.MethodsA multicentre, randomized, prospective, double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study was conducted to determine the effect of the PPI pantoprazole on the MPA and its metabolite MPA-glucuronide (MPA-G) area under the curve (AUC) &gt;12 h (MPA-AUC12 h) in recipients maintained on mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) or enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS). We planned a priori to examine separately recipients maintained on MMF and EC-MPS for each pharmacokinetic parameter. The trial (and protocol) was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry on 24 March 2011, with the registration number of ACTRN12611000316909 (‘IMPACT’ study).ResultsOf the 45 recipients screened, 40 (19 MMF and 21 EC-MPS) were randomized. The mean (standard deviation) recipient age was 58 (11) years with a median (interquartile range) time post-transplant of 43 (20–132) months. For recipients on MMF, there was a significant reduction in the MPA-AUC12 h [geometric mean (95% confidence interval) placebo: 53.9 (44.0–65.9) mg*h/L versus pantoprazole: 43.8 (35.6–53.4) mg*h/L; P = 0.004] when pantoprazole was co-administered compared with placebo. In contrast, co-administration with pantoprazole significantly increased MPA-AUC12 h [placebo: 36.1 (26.5–49.2) mg*h/L versus pantoprazole: 45.9 (35.5–59.3) mg*h/L; P = 0.023] in those receiving EC-MPS. Pantoprazole had no effect on the pharmacokinetic profiles of MPA-G for either group.ConclusionsThe co-administration of pantoprazole substantially reduced the bioavailability of MPA in patients maintained on MMF and had the opposite effect in patients maintained on EC-MPS, and therefore, clinicians should be cognizant of this drug interaction when prescribing the different MPA formulations.
We are in This Together: Promoting Health Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion in Tobacco Research for Sexual and Gender Minority Populations
Authors: Dermody Sarah S , Heffner Jaimee L , Hinds Josephine T , McQuoid Julia , Quisenberry Amanda J , Tan Andy S L , Vogel Erin A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals have higher tobacco use prevalence and consequently higher burden of tobacco-caused diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular disease compared with their heterosexual or cisgender counterparts. Yet, there is a critical gap in research focused on measuring SGM tobacco-related health disparities and addressing unmet needs of SGM individuals in the context of nicotine and tobacco research.

Aims and Methods
In this commentary, we summarize recommendations discussed during a pre-conference workshop focused on challenges and opportunities in conducting SGM tobacco control research at the 2019 Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Annual Meeting.

Results
Specifically, we recommend defining and measuring SGM identity in all nicotine and tobacco research routinely, using novel methods to engage a demographically diverse sample of the SGM population, and eliciting SGM community voices in tobacco control research.

Conclusions
Addressing these critical research gaps will enable the scientific community to generate the data to fully understand and support SGM individuals in tobacco use prevention and cessation.

Implications
Tobacco use and its consequences have become increasingly concentrated in disadvantaged groups, including sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations. Through concrete recommendations in this commentary, we aimed to promote health equity, diversity, and inclusion in tobacco research for SGM populations by urging the scientific community to consider expanding efforts to monitor and address tobacco-related health disparities of SGM populations within their respective research programs.