bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coping with ageing in rural Australia
Authors: Anderson Emily M. , Larkins Sarah , Beaney Sarah , Ray Robin A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveAgeing is a time of change that might involve financial, health and social losses. To maintain well‐being, older people need to engage a range of resources to cope with these losses. However, national policies mainly focus on financial resources. This study used Folkman and Lazarus’s transactional theory to identify coping methods engaged by older adults living in three rural communities.DesignA qualitative research design was undertaken using an ethnographic case study approach.SettingThree rural communities within northern Australia.ParticipantsOlder Australians aged 65 or over, living in their own homes.Main outcome measuresExploration of techniques that older adults use to cope with ageing (including both problem‐focused and emotion‐focused strategies).ResultsPeople in rural areas planned their ageing journey using both problem‐focused and emotion‐focused coping strategies, to deal with the uncertainties of ageing. When participants could control the event, problem‐focused coping strategies were mainly such as used seeking social support and planful problem‐solving. Conversely, emotion‐focused strategies were used to deal with uncertainty and emotive issues such as health decline, and the possibility of needing future care.ConclusionThere is a need for health community workers to encourage older people to consider initiating a discussion of future care needs with their social network. This is of particular importance in rural areas, which have larger numbers of older residents and limited resources to support ageing in place.
Forest patch size predicts seed bank composition in urban areas
Authors: Doroski Danica A. , Duguid Marlyse C. , Ashton Mark S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractQuestionsAs urban areas expand around the world, understanding how to restore and maintain forests within the urban environment becomes increasingly important. Given that a comprehensive understanding of regeneration dynamics is critical to designating appropriate management interventions we ask the following: how does regeneration, vis‐à‐vis the buried seed bank, vary in heterogenous urban forests? And, can forest patch size be used to predict regeneration and consequent management interventions?LocationVacant lots and public parks throughout New Haven, CT, USA.MethodsWe sampled buried seed banks in 131 plots distributed across three forest patch sizes ranging from large intact parks (95–126 ha), to small parks (1–19 ha), and vacant lots (0.05–0.65 ha). We collected soil samples from the surface mineral soil and stratified them over sand in a greenhouse over a period of five months to record germination.ResultsBy examining seed bank floristics in a range of forest patch sizes we found that species composition, nativity, and dominance of specific functional groups shifted with patch size representing a spectrum of urbanization within just one city. Seed bank floristics in large parks more closely resembled results from seed bank studies in rural forests with over 85% native germinants on average. In contrast, vacant lots were dominated by non‐native germinants and more ruderal species indicative of earlier successional stages. Seed banks in small parks were variable and in some cases were more similar to large parks or vacant lots.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that large parks in urban areas may be largely self‐sustaining whereas smaller parks may require more intensive management for site rehabilitation, especially in early states of succession. Furthermore, our results confirm the highly heterogenous nature of urban forest patches and call for more systematic sampling of urban areas to capture this variation and improve management prescriptions and outcomes.
A novel risk assessment model of contrast‐induced nephropathy after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with diabetes
Authors: Yao Zhi‐Feng , Shen Hong , Tang Min‐Na , Yan Yan , Ge Jun‐Bo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe purpose of our study was to develop a simple clinical pre‐procedure risk model based on clinical characteristics for the prediction of contrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN) and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with diabetes. A total of 1113 patients with diabetes who underwent PCI with contrast exposure were randomized into a development group (n = 742) and a validation group (n = 371) in a 2:1 ratio. CIN was defined as an increase of either 25% or 0.5 mg/dL (44.2 μmol/L) in serum creatinine within 72 hours after contrast infusion. A simple CIN risk score based on independent predictors was established. Four variables were identified for our risk score model: LVEF < 40%, acute coronary syndrome (ACS), eGFR < 60, and contrast volume > 300 mL. Based on this new CIN risk score, the incidence of CIN had a significant trend with increased predicting score values of 5.9%, 32.9% and 60.0%, corresponding to low‐, moderate‐ and high‐risk groups, respectively. The novel risk assessment exhibited moderate discrimination ability for predicting CIN, with an AUC of 0.759 [95% CI 0.668‐0.852, P = .001] in the validation cohort. It also had similar prognostic values for one‐year follow‐up MACE (C‐statistic: 0.705 and 0.606 for new risk score and Mehran score, respectively). This novel risk prediction model could be effective for preventing nephropathy in diabetic patients receiving contrast media during surgical procedures.
Human umbilical cord blood serum attenuates gentamicin‐induced liver toxicity by restoring peripheral oxidative damage and inflammation in rats
Authors: Mirazi Naser , Baharvand Fatemeh , Moghadasali Reza , Nourian Alireza , Hosseini Abdolkarim 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGentamicin (GM) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that despite its antibacterial effects, its use is restricted due to numerous side effects. The umbilical cord serum contains various biomolecules that have protective impacts on the damaged tissues. The aim of this study was to gauge the protective effect of human umbilical cord blood serum (hUCBS) on GM‐induced hepatotoxicity. In this experimental study, 28 male Wistar rats, weighing 220 ± 20 g, were randomly categorized into 4 groups including control, GM (100 mg/kg), hUCBS at doses of 1 and 2% along with GM (100 mg/kg) for 10 days, intraperitoneally. Twenty‐four hours after the last injection, direct blood sampling was taken from the heart to obtain blood serum and liver enzymes, inflammatory cytokines and liver tissue were examined for histology. GM causes necrosis and inflammation in liver tissue. Liver enzyme and inflammatory cytokine levels were significantly increased in the GM group. Human umbilical cord blood serum significantly decreased liver enzyme and inflammatory cytokines levels in the experimental groups compared to the GM group. GM causes liver damage such as the inflammation and necrosis in liver tissue. Treating the animals with hUCBS reduced the toxic effects of GM in the liver.
Design of online intelligent English teaching platform based on artificial intelligence techniques
Authors: Sun Zhuomin , Anbarasan M. , Praveen Kumar D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractArtificial intelligence education (AIEd) is defined in the field of education as the utilization of artificial intelligence. There are currently many AIEd‐driven applications in schools and universities. This paper applies an artificial intelligence module combined with the knowledge recommendation to the system and develops an online English teaching system in comparison with the common teaching auxiliary system. The method of English teaching is useful in investigating the potential internal connections between evaluation outcomes and various factors. This article develops deep learning‐assisted online intelligent English teaching system that utilizes to create a modern tool platform to help students improve their English language teaching efficiency in line with their mastery of knowledge and personality. The decision tree algorithm and neural networks have been used and to generate an English teaching assessment implementation model based on decision tree technologies. It provides valuable data from extensive information, summarizes rules and data, and helps teachers to improve their education and the English scores of students. This system reflects the thinking of the artificial intelligence expert system. Test application demonstrates that the system can help students improve their learning efficiency and will make learning content more relevant. Besides, the system provides an example model with similar methods and has a referential definition.
Research on group behavior model based on neural network computing
Authors: Wei Jinfeng , Tian Yuan , Geng Jingui 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCompute is a term coined from the etymology of French and Latin words computer and computare respectively, so is computing. This field of computing has grown enormously over the years. From the simple, traditional Turing machine invented in 1936 by Alan Turing to the current neural network (NN) computing. NNs, a field of artificial intelligence (AI) was exhilarated from the structure and inner workings of the brain. Just as the brain is, that is, an interconnection of neurons, so is the NN which is an interconnection of basic structures known as the perceptron. They do not differ much in structure. Their only difference is that one is artificial while the other is entirely biological. The hierarchical intricacies of the NN can be represented in three layers: the perceptron, artificial NN (ANN), and deep NN (DNN). With the influx of mental and behavioral disorders, basic surveillance, and the urgency to improve the mental health of people, studying the behavioral dynamics of people is requisite. CCTV and street cameras can only do so much, thus the need to employ the field of NN which makes use of supervised learning in training the models to perfect and automate surveillance. The results of this retrospective research indicate that the use of the NN model surpasses those of traditional methods in terms of efficiency and reliability.
Angulated small nests and cords: Key diagnostic histopathologic features of infiltrative basal cell carcinoma can be identified using integrated reflectance confocal microscopy‐optical coherence tomography
Authors: Gill Melissa , Sahu Aditi , Alessi‐Fox Christi , Cordova Miguel , Gonzalez Salvador , Iftimia Nicusor , Aleissa Saud , Navarrete‐Dechent Cristian , Dusza Stephen , Rossi Anthony , Marghoob Ashfaq A. , Rajadhyaksha Milind , Chen Chih‐Shan J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAccurate basal cell carcinoma (BCC) subtyping is requisite for appropriate management, but non‐representative sampling occurs in 18% to 25% of biopsies. By enabling non‐invasive diagnosis and more comprehensive sampling, integrated reflectance confocal microscopy‐optical coherence tomography (RCM‐OCT) may improve the accuracy of BCC subtyping and subsequent management. We evaluated RCM‐OCT images and histopathology slides for the presence of two key features, angulation and small nests and cords, and calculated (a) sensitivity and specificity of these features, combined and individually, for identifying an infiltrative BCC subtype and (b) agreement across modalities.MethodsThirty‐three RCM‐OCT‐imaged, histopathologically‐proven BCCs (17 superficial and/or nodular; 16 containing an infiltrative component) were evaluated.ResultsThe presence of angulation or small nests and cords was sufficient to identify infiltrative BCC on RCM‐OCT with 100% sensitivity and 82% specificity, similar to histopathology (100% sensitivity, 88% specificity, kappa = 0.82). When both features were present, the sensitivity for identifying infiltrative BCC was 100% using either modality and specificity was 88% on RCM‐OCT vs 94% on histopathology, indicating near‐perfect agreement between non‐invasive and invasive diagnostic modalities (kappa = 0.94).ConclusionsRCM‐OCT can non‐invasively identify key histopathologic features of infiltrative BCC offering a possible alternative to traditional invasive biopsy.
Corpora amylacea in sputum smears: Incidence and clinical significance
Authors: Martínez‐Girón Rafael , Pantanowitz Liron 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo examine conventional sputum smears for the presence of corpora amylacea (CA), determining their incidence and clinical significance.MethodsA retrospective 4‐year cohort study was undertaken of sputum samples from 1176 consecutive patients for the presence of CA. Variables such as age, sex, smoking status, and the presence or absence of haemoptysis were extracted from the medical record. A random group of 50 patients was selected as a control group, and a random group of 50 patients whose ages were below 49 years was also included as an age‐based control.ResultsA total of 1075 of the initial cohort of consecutive patients were included in the study. from these, there were 6898 sputum smears, of which 1.91% (132 smears) contained CA, corresponding to 9.86% of the cohort of patients (106 patients). There was a strong, positive, statistically significant correlation between age and CA presence (τb = .402, P < .001), which supports that CA are associated with older patients. The results of a binary logistic regression indicated that there was a significant association between age, diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and CA presence (χ2 = 49.051, df = 2, P < .001).ConclusionsThe presence of CA in sputum smears is related to age, being much more frequent in older people. Moreover, CA are related to non‐neoplastic lung diseases.
Early combination versus initial metformin monotherapy in the management of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: An East Asian perspective
Authors: Ji Linong , Chan Juliana C. N. , Yu Miao , Yoon Kun Ho , Kim Sin Gon , Choi Sung Hee , Huang Chien‐Ning , Te Tu Shih , Wang Chih‐Yuan , Paldánius Päivi Maria , Sheu Wayne H. H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractType 2 diabetes (T2D) in the East Asian population is characterized by phenotypes such as low body mass index, an index of β‐cell dysfunction, and higher percentage of body fat, an index of insulin resistance. These phenotypes/pathologies may predispose people to early onset of diabetes with increased risk of stroke and renal disease. Less than 50% of patients with T2D in East Asia achieve glycaemic targets recommended by national or regional guidelines, which may be attributable to knowledge and/or implementation gaps. Herein, we review the latest evidence with special reference to East Asian patients with T2D and present arguments for the need to use early combination therapy to intensify glycaemic control. This strategy is supported by the 5‐year worldwide VERIFY study, which reported better glycaemic durability in newly diagnosed patients with T2D with a mean HbA1c of 6.9% treated with early combination therapy of vildagliptin plus metformin versus those treated with initial metformin monotherapy followed by addition of vildagliptin only with worsening glycaemic control. This paradigm shift of early intensified treatment is now recommended by the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. In order to translate these evidence to practice, increased awareness and strengthening of the healthcare system are needed to diagnose and manage patients with T2D early for combination therapy.
Mechanisms underlying the metabolic actions of testosterone in humans: A narrative review
Authors: Dandona Paresh , Dhindsa Sandeep , Ghanim Husam , Saad Farid 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe role of testosterone in improving sexual symptoms in men with hypogonadism is well known. However, recent studies indicate that testosterone plays an important role in several metabolic functions in males. Multiple PubMed searches were conducted with the use of the terms testosterone, insulin sensitivity, obesity, type 2 diabetes, anaemia, bone density, osteoporosis, fat mass, lean mass and body composition. This narrative review is focused on detailing the mechanisms that underlie the metabolic aspects of testosterone therapy in humans. Testosterone enhances insulin sensitivity in obese men with hypogonadism by decreasing fat mass, increasing lean mass, decreasing free fatty acids and suppressing inflammation. At a cellular level, testosterone increases the expression of insulin receptor β subunit, insulin receptor substrate‐1, protein kinase B and glucose transporter type 4 in adipose tissue and adenosine 5′‐monophosphate‐activated protein kinase expression and activity in skeletal muscle. Observational studies show that long‐term therapy with testosterone prevents progression from prediabetes to diabetes and improves HbA1c. Testosterone increases skeletal muscle satellite cell activator, fibroblast growth factor‐2 and decreases expression of the muscle growth suppressors, myostatin and myogenic regulatory factor 4. Testosterone increases haematocrit by suppressing hepcidin and increasing expression of ferroportin along with that of transferrin receptor and plasma transferrin concentrations. Testosterone also increases serum osteocalcin concentrations, which may account for its anabolic actions on bone. In conclusion, testosterone exerts a series of potent metabolic effects, which include insulin sensitization, maintenance and growth of the skeletal muscle, suppression of adipose tissue growth and maintenance of erythropoiesis and haematocrit.
Physical activity may not be associated with long‐term risk of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Kunutsor Setor K. , Laukkanen Jari A. , Kauhanen Jussi , Willeit Peter 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhile it is well established that physical activity is associated with reduced risk of vascular and nonvascular outcomes as well as mortality, evidence on the association between physical activity and dementia is inconsistent. We aimed to assess the associations of physical activity with the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD).Material and methodsWe analysed data on 2394 apparently healthy men with good baseline cognitive function from the prospective population‐based Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease study. We assessed habits of physical activity at baseline using a 12‐month leisure time physical activity (LTPA) questionnaire. Using Cox regression, we calculated hazard ratios adjusted for body mass index, systolic blood pressure, smoking status, history of type‐2 diabetes, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, alcohol consumption, history of coronary heart disease and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 24.9 years (interquartile range: 18.3‐26.9), 208 men developed dementia and 128 developed AD. Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios for dementia comparing top vs bottom tertiles of physical activity were 0.97 (95% confidence intervals: 0.69‐1.38) for total physical activity volume, 0.96 (0.69‐1.34) for conditioning LTPA volume and 1.13 (0.80‐1.61) for total LTPA volume. Corresponding hazard ratios for AD were 1.19 (0.76‐1.85), 0.98 (0.64‐1.49) and 1.22 (0.77‐1.93). Associations were consistent in analyses restricted to participants with ≥10 years of follow‐up.ConclusionsIn middle‐aged Caucasian men, various physical activity exposures were not associated with all‐cause dementia or AD. Future studies should address biases due to reverse causation and regression dilution and should involve objective measures of physical activity.
Characterization of gut microbiota in polycystic ovary syndrome: Findings from a lean population
Authors: Mammadova Gulnar , Ozkul Ceren , Yilmaz Isikhan Selen , Acikgoz Aylin , Yildiz Bulent O. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundLimited available animal and human data suggest an association between dysbiosis of gut microbiota and PCOS. We aimed to determine whether gut microbiota in lean women with PCOS shows any alterations compared to healthy women.Materials and methodsTwenty‐four lean patients with PCOS phenotype A according to the Rotterdam 2003 diagnostic criteria and 22 BMI‐matched healthy women were included in this study. Anthropometric, hormonal and biochemical measurements were carried out in all participants. 16S rRNA gene V3‐V4 region amplicon sequencing was performed on stool samples. Preprocessing of the raw data was performed using QIIME, and both QIIME and R packages were used for microbiome analysis.ResultsBacterial richness and diversity did not show a significant difference between patients and controls. Beta diversity was similar between the groups. However, Erysipelotrichaceae, Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Planococcaceae, Gemmules and Bacillales were significantly abundant in PCOS group according to LEfSe analysis. Clostridium cluster XVII showed increased abundance in patient group, while Clostridium sensustricto and Roseburia were decreased compared to controls. Random forest prediction analysis revealed Clostridium cluster XIVb as the most discriminative feature of patient group and Roseburia for healthy controls. Testosterone and androstenedione were negatively correlated with alpha and phylogenetic diversity.ConclusionsOur results suggest that gut microbiome of lean PCOS patients with full phenotype shows compositional alterations with similar bacterial richness and diversity compared to controls and that hyperandrogenism is associated with dysbiosis.
Multi‐family group and single‐family intervention in first‐episode psychosis: A prospective, quasi‐experimental cohort study
Authors: Haahr Ulrik Helt , Jansen Jens Einar , Lyse Nielsen Hanne‐Grethe , Pedersen Marlene Buch , Trauelsen Anne Marie , Bachmann Østergaard Lise , Simonsen Erik 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe evidence for manualized psycho‐educative family intervention (FI) in first‐episode psychosis (FEP) is well‐established to reduce relapse and caregiver distress. Less is known, however, about type and duration of FI.AimTo compare two different types of manualized family interventions for FEP: Multi‐Family Groups (MFG) and Single‐Family Intervention (SFI).MethodsThis was a prospective, quasi‐experimental cohort study of all participants of an early psychosis service (OPUS) with an ICD‐10 diagnosis of F20 to F29 (excl. F21), aged 18 to 35 years, in Psychiatry Region Zealand, Denmark, during a 2‐year period. All service users and their relatives are offered FI, either MFG or SFI. Assessment of level of participation, psychopathology measured by The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), remission status and relapses was carried out at 3‐year follow up.ResultsWe found no differences between the service users participating in SFI (N = 25) or MFG (N = 18) on number of readmissions or relapses after baseline or psychopathology. A binary logistic regression analysis on remission status at follow up showed a trend in favour of MFG. A surprisingly high proportion of the families did not receive an FI.ConclusionsSFI and MFG seem equally effective in an FEP programme. The low attendance of FI may be due to several issues—among others, the probability that the FI did not sufficiently match the needs of the service users. Further studies involving larger samples are needed, included randomized controlled trials and implementation studies.