bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A decision‐analytic approach to screening in chemical alternatives assessment
Authors: Gerst Michael D. , Kenney Melissa A. , Howard Brett E. , Giraud Robert J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMaterial selection in the chemistry value chain involves consideration of many objectives, including cost, performance, health risk, and environmental impact. Alternatives assessment is an emerging tool for guiding complex decisions with respect to these goals. As a relatively new method, the process is not yet well developed, especially with respect to how trade‐offs among objectives can be assessed accurately and inexpensively. Using paint strippers alternatives assessment as an illustrative example, we show how an established decision‐analytic method, known as comparative screening, allows for a multistep process with gradually increasing information needs. Compared with existing methodological approaches, comparative screening instills flexible and consistent treatment of trade‐offs. This is important because it maximizes the potential for a robust assessment while minimizing arduous data collection. Further, its use in the alternatives assessment process can support the selection of more sustainable materials.
Identification of three m6A‐related mRNAs signature and risk score for the prognostication of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Zedong , Li Fazhan , Peng Yu , Fang Jianyu , Zhou Jun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer and is extremely harmful to human health. In recent years, N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation in eukaryotic mRNA has been increasingly implicated in cancer pathogenesis and prognosis. In this study, we downloaded the expression profile and clinical information of 307 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and 64 patients from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and univariate Cox analysis revealed that METTL14 was a prognostic m6A RNA methylation regulator. For further study on the related genes of METTL14, weighted gene co‐expression network analysis was used to find the relationship between METTL14 and gene expression, and univariate Cox analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) methods were used to identify hub genes that may be associated with HCC prognosis. The results indicated that cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase, glutamic‐oxaloacetic transaminase 2, and suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 were key genes affecting the prognosis of HCC patients, and m6A methylation of these mRNAs may be regulated by METTL14. Finally, a nomogram was constructed based on the hub gene expression levels, and its prediction accuracy and discriminative ability were measured by the C‐index and a calibration curve. In conclusion, METTL14, an m6A RNA methylation regulator, may participate in the malignant progression of HCC by adjusting the m6A of cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase, glutamic‐oxaloacetic transaminase 2, and suppressor of cytokine signaling 2, and these genes are useful for prognostic stratification and treatment strategy development.
A multicenter phase II trial of paclitaxel, carboplatin, and cetuximab followed by chemoradiotherapy in patients with unresectable locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Enokida Tomohiro , Ogawa Takenori , Homma Akihiro , Okami Kenji , Minami Shujiro , Nakanome Ayako , Shimizu Yasushi , Maki Daisuke , Ueda Yuri , Fujisawa Takao , Motegi Atsushi , Ohkoshi Akira , Taguchi Jun , Ebisumoto Koji , Nomura Shogo , Okano Susumu , Tahara Makoto 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundInduction chemotherapy (IC) in locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (LA‐SCCHN) often compromises compliance with subsequent chemoradiotherapy (CRT), which negatively affects outcomes. Here, we assessed the combination of paclitaxel (PTX), carboplatin (CBDCA), and cetuximab (Cmab) as IC for unresectable LA‐SCCHN.MethodsInduction chemotherapy consisted of weekly CBDCA area under the plasma concentration‐time curve = 1.5, PTX 80 mg/m2 and Cmab with an initial dose of 400 mg/m2 followed by 250 mg/m2 for 8 weeks. Following IC, CDDP (20 mg/m2, 4 days × 3 cycles) and concurrent radiotherapy (70 Gy/35 fr) were started. Primary endpoint was the proportion of CRT completion (%CRT completion). PCE was planned to be deemed effective if the Bayesian posterior probability (PP), defined as the probability that %CRT completion was larger than the threshold value of 65%, exceeded 84%.ResultsThirty‐five patients were enrolled. Cases were hypopharynx/oropharynx/larynx in 17/17/1 patients, all at Stage IV. Of 35 patients, 34 (97%) completed IC and 32 received CRT and met the criteria of full analysis set (FAS). In FAS, the %CRT completion was 96.9%, and PP was 99.9%, exceeding the prespecified boundary of 84%. Mean cumulative dose and relative to dose intensity of CDDP in CRT was 232.5 mg/m2 and 100%, respectively. Response rate was 88.6% by IC and 93.8% in the CRT phase. Three year overall survival was 83.5%. Main grade 3 toxicities included neutropenia (11.4%) and skin rash (5.7%) during IC; and oral mucositis (31.3%) and neutropenia (12.5%) during CRT. No grade 4 toxicity or treatment‐related death was seen.ConclusionsPCE as IC was feasible, with promising efficacy and no effect on compliance with subsequent CRT in unresectable LA‐SCCHN.
Why Women Commit Filicide: Opinions of Health, Social Work, Education and Policy Professionals in Malaysia
Authors: Razali Salmi , Kirkman Maggie , Fisher Jane 
Published: January 2020

Although filicide is discussed with concern in the print media and online in Malaysia, there is little empirical evidence about its aetiology or appropriate responses. We sought to elucidate the opinions of health, social work, education and policy professionals in Malaysia on the causes of, and solutions to, filicide. Fifteen informants participated in semi‐structured qualitative interviews. Informants attributed responsibility for filicide to girls and women as a consequence of their failure to comply with social norms and religious teachings; the stigmatised social position of women who are pregnant and unmarried was identified as a contributing factor. No informant mentioned the impact of gender‐based violence, including sexual violence against girls and women. Informants' views reflect the dominant discourse of filicide in Malaysia, which is that it results from women's failure to adhere to Malaysian norms of morality, religion, customs and traditions. Solutions were largely directed at changing the behaviour of girls and women. Given the disparities between the public discourse and evidence of the experiences of women convicted of filicide, interventions that promote social change might be more effective than strategies targeting women.‘We sought to elucidate the opinions of health, social work, education and policy professionals in Malaysia on the causes of, and solutions to, filicide’‘Filicide is generally agreed to denote the crime of a parent killing her or his child aged up to 18 years’Key Practitioner Messages

There are adverse consequences for children and women in Malaysia when responsibility for child safety is placed on individual women and not referred to a society structured on strict gender roles and masculine power.
Practitioners in Malaysia would benefit from international support to understand the effects of marginalised women's experiences.
Molecular Diversity from Arid‐Land Plants: Valorization of Terpenes and Biotransformation Products
Authors: Bailen Maria , Martínez‐Díaz Rafael A. , Hoffmann Joseph J. , Gonzalez‐Coloma Azucena 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAsteraceae plants from arid lands are a source of biomass, resin and latex rich in terpenoids with diverse biological effects. Thirty‐six previously isolated terpenes, comprising sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, triterpenes and quassinoids, isolated from arid‐land plants and a series of metabolites from the biotransformation of some lead compounds were evaluated against insect pests (Spodoptera littoralis, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Myzus persicae and Rhopalosiphum padi), cells (insect, hamster, murine and human tumoral cells) and parasites (Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania infantum). Among the insecticidal sesquiterpenes, maalian‐1α,8α‐diol (12) and γ‐eudesmol (17) were antifeedant against L. decemlineata, M. persicae and cytotoxic to Sf9 insect cells, and (−)‐maali‐3‐en‐8α‐ol (10), (+)‐maaliane‐5α,8α,9α‐triol (11), chrysothame (31) and holacanthone (35) were antifeedant against S. littoralis. The parasite L. infantum was slightly more sensitive than T. cruzi to the test compounds (39 % vs. 33 % of active compounds) with compound 17 and the biotransformed diterpene 27 being antiparasitic to L. infantum, with no cytotoxic effects on mammalian cells. Moreover, sesquiterpenes 3 and 17, and grindelane diterpenes 22, 23 and 26 showed selective activity against chemoresistant human colon, cervical and melanoma cancer cells. Thus, considering our results, the best candidates for future studies are compounds 17 and 3, due to their activity on insect pests, parasites (17) and tumoral cells (3, 17, 22, 23 and 26).
Structure Validation of G‐Rich RNAs in Noncoding Regions of the Human Genome
Authors: Binas Oliver , Bessi Irene , Schwalbe Harald 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe present the rapid biophysical characterization of six previously reported putative G‐quadruplex‐forming RNAs from the 5′‐untranslated region (5′‐UTR) of silvestrol‐sensitive transcripts for investigation of their secondary structures. By NMR and CD spectroscopic analysis, we found that only a single sequence—[AGG]2[CGG]2C—folds into a single well‐defined G‐quadruplex structure. Sequences with longer poly‐G strands form unspecific aggregates, whereas CGG‐repeat‐containing sequences exhibit a temperature‐dependent equilibrium between a hairpin and a G‐quadruplex structure. The applied experimental strategy is fast and provides robust readout for G‐quadruplex‐forming capacities of RNA oligomers.
ASSURED clinical study: New GORE® CARDIOFORM ASD occluder for transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect
Authors: Sommer Robert J. , Love Barry A. , Paolillo Joseph A. , Gray Robert G. , Goldstein Bryan H. , Morgan Gareth J. , Gillespie Matthew J. ,   for the ASSURED Investigators
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveAssess clinical performance of a new device for transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect (ASD).BackgroundPreviously‐approved ASD Closure devices have known limitations. Device erosion has been associated with the AMPLATZER® septal occluder in patients with retro‐aortic rim deficiency (<5 mm), while defects ≥18 mm are too large for the GORE® CARDIOFORM septal occluder. The GORE® CARDIOFORM ASD occluder (GCA), a hybrid of the approved devices, was designed to expand the eligible ASD population.MethodsOne‐hundred and twenty‐five ASD patients were enrolled in a prospective, multicenter registry. Descriptive clinical endpoints included: technical implant success, closure success, serious adverse events (SAE), clinically significant new arrhythmia, and wire frame fracture. Procedural outcomes and adverse events were adjudicated by an Echocardiography Core Lab and Independent Data Review Board, respectively.ResultsMedian subject age was 12.3 years (range 2.9–84.7), with 72% of patients ≤18 years old. Median ASD stop‐flow diameter was 17.0 mm (8.0–30.0), with 43% ≥18 mm. Deficient retro‐aortic rim occurred in 57% of subjects, and 30% had both diameter ≥ 18 mm and deficient rim. Technical Implant Success was achieved in 120/125 (96%), though three devices were removed within 24 hr. At the scheduled 6‐month evaluation, 112/117 returned for evaluation. All 112 had closure success. SAE occurred in 6/125 (4.8%) and 6/125 (4.8%) had clinically significant new arrhythmia. Wire frame fractures occurred in 37/104 (36%), without any associated clinical sequelae, residual shunt, or device instability.ConclusionThe GCA performed effectively and safely in this initial cohort, and led to FDA approval based on this data.
Hydrocephalus as the presenting symptom of sarcoidosis: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Saban Rachel J. , Berns Meaghan M. , Al‐Hakim Mazen M. , Patino Gustavo A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHydrocephalus is rare in sarcoidosis, especially as the presenting symptom. Neurosarcoidosis as a cause of unexplained communicating hydrocephalus should be considered in cases of abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and negative infectious and tumoral studies.
Towards Sustainable Catalysis – Highly Efficient Olefin Metathesis in Protic Media Using Phase Labelled Cyclic Alkyl Amino Carbene (CAAC) Ruthenium Catalysts
Authors: Nagyházi Márton , Turczel Gábor , Balla Áron , Szálas Gábor , Tóth Imre , Gál Gyula Tamás , Petra Bombicz , Anastas Paul T. , Tuba Róbert 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNew generations of Hoveyda and bis‐carbene type of ruthenium‐based olefin metathesis catalysts (10 and 12), containing cationic cyclic alkyl amino carbene (CAAC) ligands, have been synthetized. The catalysts show exceptional stability and activity in environmentally benign, protic media. Various olefin metatheses reactions of OH functionalized feedstock (e. g. RCM, ROMP CM) can be carried out at as low as 0.05 mol % catalyst loading in methanol, isopropanol, water or methanol/water solvent mixture, accomplishing the lowest applied catalyst loading reported so far in these media. The facile olefin metathesis of renewable feedstocks including phospholipids (23) and vegetable oils (20) in protic media has also been demonstrated.
Facile Transformation of Ni‐based Colloids into Highly Stable Nanocatalysts Embedded within h‐BN for the Water‐Gas Shift Reaction
Authors: Gao Lijun , Ta Na , Dong Jinhu , Song Tongyuan , Chen Siru , Fu Qiang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAdvances in colloidal chemistry allow to prepare well‐controlled nanostructures, while application of the colloids in heterogeneous catalysis is strongly impeded by the presence of organic capping layers. However, removal of the protection layers inevitably results in changes of the well‐defined nanostructures such as sintering and agglomeration. Here, a simple way is suggested to solve the dilemma by replacing the organic capping layers with another flexible but robust capping layers made of two‐dimensional materials. We show simultaneous removal of surfactant layers in B‐containing Ni, Co, and Fe colloids and formation of hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) capping layers over metal nanoparticles. Metal particle size can be well kept even upon thermal treatment at 850 °C and Ni nanocatalysts embedded within h‐BN shells present high catalytic performance in water‐gas shift reaction. This work suggests a facile strategy to promote the application of metal colloids in heterogeneous catalysis.
Effect of Axial Ligands on Easy‐Axis Anisotropy and Field‐Induced Slow Magnetic Relaxation in Heptacoordinated FeII Complexes
Authors: Mondal Arpan , Wu Shu‐Qi , Sato Osamu , Konar Sanjit 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA rational approach to modulating easy‐axis magnetic anisotropy by varying the axial donor ligand in heptacoordinated FeII complexes has been explored. In this series of complexes with formulae of [Fe(H4L)(NCS)2]⋅3 DMF⋅0.5 H2O (1), [Fe(H4L)(NCSe)2]⋅3 DMF⋅0.5 H2O (2), and [Fe(H4L)(NCNCN)2]⋅DMF⋅H2O (3) [H4L=2,2′‐{pyridine‐2,6‐diylbis(ethan‐1‐yl‐1‐ylidene)}bis(N‐phenylhydrazinecarboxamide)], the axial positions are successively occupied by different nitrogen‐based π‐donor ligands. Detailed dc and ac magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal the existence of easy‐axis magnetic anisotropy for all of the complexes, with 1 [Ueff=21 K, τ0=1.72×10−6 s] and 2 [Ueff=25 K, τ0=2.25×10−6 s] showing field‐induced slow magnetic relaxation behavior. However, both experimental studies and theoretical calculations indicate the magnitude of the D value of complex 3 to be larger than those of complexes 1 and 2 due to the axial bond angle being smaller than that for an ideal geometry. Detailed analysis of the field and temperature dependences of relaxation time for 1 and 2 has revealed that multiple relaxation processes (quantum tunneling of magnetization, direct, and Raman) are involved in slow magnetic relaxation for both of these complexes. Magnetic dilution experiments support the role of intermolecular short contacts.
Synthesis and Biological Characterization of Monomeric and Tetrameric RGD‐Cryptophycin Conjugates
Authors: Borbély Adina , Thoreau Fabien , Figueras Eduard , Kadri Malika , Coll Jean‐Luc , Boturyn Didier , Sewald Norbert 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe effective delivery of cytotoxic agents to tumor cells is a key challenge in anticancer therapy. Multivalent integrinspecific ligands are considered a promising tool to increase the binding affinity, selectivity, and internalization efficiency of small‐molecule drug conjugates. Herein, we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of a multimeric conjugate containing the high‐affinity integrin αvβ3 binding ligand RAFT‐c(RGDfK)4, a lysosomally cleavable Val‐Cit linker, and cryptophycin‐55 glycinate, a potent inhibitor of tubulin polymerization. In vitro cytotoxicity assays verified that the multimeric RGD‐cryptophycin conjugate displays improved potency compared to the monomeric analogue in integrin αvβ3 overexpressing tumor cell lines, while significantly reduced activity was observed in the integrin‐negative cell line.
Electron‐Rich, Lewis Acidic Diborane Meets N‐Heterocyclic Aromatics: Formation and Electron Transfer in Cyclophane Boranes
Authors: Widera Anna , Filbeck Erik , Wadepohl Hubert , Kaifer Elisabeth , Himmel Hans‐Jörg 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHerein reported are the reactions of an electron‐rich, Lewis acidic diborane with N‐heterocyclic aromatics to give first members of an unprecedented family of highly charged cationic cyclophanes with diboranyl units. Tetracationic cyclophanes with 4,4‘‐bipyridine/ 1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethylene and diboranyl units were synthesized and their redox chemistry was studied. Cyclisation of two diboranyl and two pyrazine units is accompanied by electron transfer from the diboranyl unit to the pyrazine. Our results pave the way for the integration of redox‐active diboranyl units into cyclophanes and supramolecular structures.
Sustainable Syngas Production by High‐Temperature Co‐electrolysis
Authors: Theuer Trutz , Schäfer Dominik , Dittrich Lucy , Nohl Markus , Foit Severin , Blum Ludger , Eichel Rüdiger‐A. , de Haart L. G. J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHigh‐temperature co‐electrolysis shows comparable performance to steam electrolysis. Current densities above 1 A cm−2 can be reached between 700 °C and 800 °C. Tailor‐made syngas is produced, mainly determined by the reactant ratio. The experimental results are supported by modeling. Durability tests with cathode‐supported cells show increased voltage degradation rates during electrolysis compared to fuel cell operation. Nickel depletion is found to be the main cause.
Nab‐paclitaxel in older patients with non–small cell lung cancer who have developed disease progression after platinum‐based doublet chemotherapy
Authors: Weiss Jared M. , Pennell Nathan , Deal Allison M. , Morgensztern Daniel , Bradford Daniel S. , Crane Jeffrey , West Howard Jack , Lee Carrie , Pecot Chad , Stevenson James P. , Irvin William , Socinski Mark , Stinchcombe Tom , Villaruz Liza C. , Muss Hyman B. 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundThe selection of later‐line treatment for older patients with AJCC (version 7) stage IV non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains controversial. Nanoparticle albumin–bound (nab)‐paclitaxel is approved with carboplatin for the first‐line treatment of patients with NSCLC and subgroup analysis of phase 3 data has suggested superior survival in older patients.MethodsThe authors conducted a phase 2 study of nab‐paclitaxel in 42 patients aged ≥70 years who had been treated previously with a platinum doublet regimen; patients also could have received a PD‐1 inhibitor. The primary endpoint of the current study was grade 3 to 5 toxicity (according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [version 4.0]). In addition to response rate, progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS), geriatric assessments also were performed before and during treatment, associations between baseline sarcopenia and outcomes were explored, and changes in T lymphocyte p16 before and during treatment were measured. The authors also performed a retrospective subgroup analysis of 19 older patients who were treated with nab‐paclitaxel as part of a larger, randomized, phase 2 study; data were not combined.ResultsThe rate of grade 3 to 5 toxicities was 33.7%. The most common grade 3 to 5 toxicities were decreased white blood cell count (11.9%), neutropenia (9.5%), and fatigue (11.9%). The response rate was 34.2% (2.6% complete response rate and 31.6% partial response rate). The median PFS was 5.2 months and the median OS was 9.3 months. Adverse prognostic factors were common: 42% of patients were frail and 39% of patients were prefrail, whereas 21% had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2 and 27% were sarcopenic. Only frailty was found to be predictive of inferior survival. A subgroup analysis of 19 older patients treated with nab‐paclitaxel alone in a prior trial demonstrated a response rate of 15.8%, a PFS of 4.2 months, and an OS of 13.6 months.ConclusionsFit and prefrail older patients with stage IV NSCLC should be considered for treatment with nab‐paclitaxel after disease progression with doublet chemotherapy.
An improved spinal injury parameter model for underbody impulsive loading scenarios
Authors: R Naveen Raj , Krishnapillai Shankar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUnderbody blast events such as aircraft ejection, mine blast, and helicopter crashes pose a serious threat to occupants. These impulsive excitations exert substantial axial loads on the thoracolumbar spine causing severe injuries. The Dynamic Response Index (DRI), which is commonly used as the injury parameter for underbody loading scenarios, suffers from inherent disadvantages and has been reported to underpredict the chances of injury. The main reasons are the inability of the DRI model to account for bending loads and posture of the spine. Thus, a novel lumped full spine model capable of modelling the spine in different posture along the sagittal plane is formulated. The unavailable data for the model were obtained using inverse parameter identification approach by eigenfrequency matching. Each vertebra has three degrees of freedom: axial, shear, and rotary motion to model the flexion of the spine. A new injury parameter is proposed based on the sum of compressions caused due to axial and rotary springs at each vertebral level, to account for wedge compression and burst fractures. The results indicate that the model was able to predict the motions of vertebrae under different postures of the spine according to trends in literature.
Effect of nonextensivity on the characteristics of supersolitons in a two‐temperature electron plasma
Authors: Kakoti Rajkamal , Saharia K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIon‐acoustic supersolitons are investigated in an unmagnetized two‐temperature electron plasma comprising cold fluid ions, hot nonextensive electrons, and cool Maxwellian electrons by using the Sagdeev pseudopotential technique. Existence domain of positive polarity supersolitons in terms of Mach number is computed, which is found to exist for Mach numbers beyond the existence of positive double layers. The domain of existence of supersolitons diminishes with the decrease of the nonextensive parameter (q). The amplitude and width of the supersolitons are dependent on the cool‐to‐hot electron temperature ratio (τ), cool electron density (f), and nonextensive parameter (q). The increase of cool electron density increases the amplitude of the supersolitons. For fixed values of f, q, and Mach numbers, the decrease of τ exhibits more distinct wiggles in the electric fields of supersolitons. The present work may be helpful for further study of supersolitons in the auroral plasma.