bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interacting Effects of Eyespot Number and Ultraviolet Reflectivity on Predation Risk in Bicyclus anynana (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
Authors: Chan Ian Z W , Rafi Fathima Zohara , Monteiro Antónia 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSmall marginal eyespots on lepidopteran wings are conspicuous elements that attract a predator’s attention to deflect attacks away from the body, but the role of ultraviolet (UV) reflectivity at the center of these patterns and variation in eyespot number in altering the function of eyespots remains unclear. Here, we performed a field-based predation experiment with artificial prey items based on the appearance of squinting bush brown butterflies Bicyclus anynana (Butler, 1879). We tested how two visual properties of the wing pattern affect predation risk: i) the number of eyespots on the ventral forewing surface—two or four; and ii) the UV reflectivity of eyespot centers—normal (where the UV reflectivity of the centers contrasts strongly with that of the darker surrounding ring) or blocked (where this contrast is reduced). In total, 807 prey items were deployed at two sites. We found a significant interaction between the number of ventral forewing eyespots and UV reflectivity in the eyespot centers: in items with fewer eyespots, blocking UV resulted in increased predation risk whereas in items with more eyespots, blocking UV resulted in decreased predation risk. If higher predation of paper models can be equated with higher levels of wing margin/eyespot conspicuity, these results demonstrate that UV reflectivity is an important factor in making eyespots more conspicuous to predators and suggest that the fitness of particular butterfly eyespot number variants may depend on the presence or absence of UV in their centers and on the ability of local predator guilds to detect UV.
Efficacy of low-dose chemotherapy with methotrexate and vinblastine for patients with extra-abdominal desmoid-type fibromatosis: a systematic review
Authors: Shimizu Koki , Hamada Shunsuke , Sakai Tomohisa , Koike Hiroshi , Yoshida Masahiro , Nishida Yoshihiro 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe treatment modality for desmoid-type fibromatosis has shifted from surgery to conservative treatment. This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy of low-dose chemotherapy with methotrexate and vinblastine for patients with extra-abdominal desmoid-type fibromatosis.MethodsWe searched the pertinent literature from January 1990 to August 2017. Two reviewers evaluated and screened the literature independently for eligibility and extracted data. We evaluated the quality of body of evidence and made a recommendation according to the Grading of Recommendations Development and Evaluation methodology.ResultsThe search yielded 40 studies, 9 of which were included after the first and second screenings. There were three prospective case series but no randomized controlled trials among the nine studies. There was no case–control report (vs. no treatment). According to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria, the mean response rate (complete remission or partial response) was 36% (11–57%). Including stable disease, namely, clinical benefit was consistently as high as 85% (69–100%). Mean adverse event rate of G3 or G4 according to CTCAE was 31%. One study reported improvement of pain (87.5%) because of this chemotherapy.ConclusionThe efficacy of this chemotherapy was convincing. However, the overall evidence was weak, and this chemotherapy is not covered by insurance in Japan; we only weakly recommend low-dose chemotherapy with methotrexate and vinblastine in patients with extra-abdominal desmoid-type fibromatosis.
Threats to Oaks in the Eastern United States: Perceptions and Expectations of Experts
Authors: Conrad Anna O , Crocker Ellen V , Li Xiaoshu , Thomas William R , Ochuodho Thomas O , Holmes Thomas P , Nelson C Dana 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOaks (Quercus spp.) are keystone species in many ecosystems and are ecologically as well as economically valuable. The objective of this study was to gather and evaluate information from a diverse group of oak experts on current and future biotic and abiotic threats to oaks in the eastern United States. Using a Delphi survey method with three iterative surveys, we found that oak decline and climate change were identified as critical current and future threats, respectively, in this region. Focusing on climate change, experts were asked a series of questions to assess its potential future temporal and spatial impact on oaks. With respect to climate change, the majority of experts surveyed believe climate change will manifest gradually, although they were generally uncertain about the geographical distribution of climate change in the future, i.e., the areas where oaks are likely to be impacted by climate change in the future. New/emerging pests and pathogens were seen as the most critical future threat by the third survey round. Results from this study can be used to better inform management practices and research priorities for ensuring resilient oak resources for the future.
Beyond the darkness: recent lessons from etiolation and de-etiolation studies
Authors: Armarego-Marriott Tegan , Sandoval-Ibañez Omar , Kowalewska Łucja 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe state of etiolation is generally defined by the presence of non-green plastids (etioplasts) in plant tissues that would normally contain chloroplasts. In the commonly used dark-grown seedling system, etiolation is coupled with a type of growth called skotomorphogenesis. Upon illumination, de-etiolation occurs, marked by the transition from etioplast to chloroplast, and, at the seedling level, a switch to photomorphogenic growth. Etiolation and de-etiolation systems are therefore important for understanding both the acquisition of photosynthetic capacity during chloroplast biogenesis and plant responses to light—the most relevant signal in the life and growth of the organism. In this review, we discuss recent discoveries (within the past 2–3 years) in the field of etiolation and de-etiolation, with a particular focus on post-transcriptional processes and ultrastructural changes. We further discuss ambiguities in definitions of the term ‘etiolation’, and benefits and biases of common etiolation/de-etiolation systems. Finally, we raise several open questions and future research possibilities.
The Silver Lining: Advances in the Surgical Management of Brain Trauma Attributable to War
Authors: Janatpour Zachary C , Welch Matthew C , Shanmuga Santosh , Curry Brian P , Coughlin Daniel J , Sabersky Abraham E , Bell Randy S , Gilhooly Jonathan E 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWithin the text we elaborate on the relationship between war and medicine, particularly as it pertains to neurosurgery and the management of brain trauma, and emphasize neurosurgical advancements in the treatment of brain trauma gleaned from U.S.-involved conflicts of the 21st century.
Orthopedic Surgeon Decision-Making Processes for Postsurgical Opioid Prescribing
Authors: Kopp Jason A , Anderson Ashley B , Dickens Jonathan F , Graf Andrew C , Reid Crevan O , Cagniart Pierre-Etienne C , Wang Jason M , Highland Krista B 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Acute pain and chronic pain are significant burdens in the Department of Defense, compounded by the ongoing opioid crisis. Given the ubiquity of (leftover) opioid prescriptions following orthopedic surgery, it is essential to identify feasible and acceptable avenues of opioid risk mitigation efforts. The present quality improvement project builds on recent studies by evaluating factors related to opioid prescribing decisions in a sample of orthopedic surgery providers.

Materials and Methods
This quality improvement project received a Determination of Not Research and was conducted through a collaboration between the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center. Providers in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery completed an anonymous online survey assessing opioid prescribing education, factors influencing prescribing practices, opioid-safety practices, and perspectives on potential opioid safety initiatives.

Results
In total, 39 respondents completed surveys. There was variability in exposure to different types of opioid prescribing education, with some variation between attendings/physician assistants and residents. Patients’ acute postsurgical pain, using a standardized amount for most patients, and prescription histories were the three most influential factors. Concern of patients running out and fear of patient dissatisfaction were the least influential factors. Respondents commonly reported engagement in promoting nonpharmacological pain management, as well as coordinating with chronic pain providers when applicable, but did not commonly report educating patients on leftover opioid disposal. Respondents indicated that a barrier to opioid risk mitigation was the difficulty of accessing appropriate electronic health record data to inform decisions. Lastly, they reported openness to proposed opioid safety initiatives.

Conclusion
The results of this quality improvement project identified several target areas for future initiatives focused on improving opioid prescribing practices. This included a provider training program, improved patient education system, increased awareness and use of opioid tracking databases, and development of a standardized (but adaptable per patient characteristics and history) recommended dose for common orthopedic surgeries. Future projects will target tailored development, implementation, and evaluation of such efforts.
Understanding as a Source of Justification
Authors: Horvath Joachim 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe traditional epistemological approach towards judgments like BACHELORS ARE UNMARRIED or ALL KNOWLEDGE IS TRUE is that they are justified or known on the basis of understanding alone. In this paper, I develop an understanding-based account which takes understanding to be a sufficient source of epistemic justification for the relevant judgments. Understanding-based accounts face the problem of the rational revisability of almost all human judgments. Williamson has recently developed a reinforced version of this problem: the challenge from expert revisability. This is the problem that even the best candidate judgments for understanding-based justification can be rationally rejected by the relevant experts, who may not even have any disposition or inclination to accept these judgments. (Consider, for instance, Graham Priest, a leading logician who rejects the law of non-contradiction.) However, I argue that expert revisability is fully compatible with the proposed understanding-based epistemology, because expert revisability is true of sufficient sources of epistemic justification in general. A remaining metaphysical worry is that understanding might end up being ‘too thin’ to play the envisaged epistemological role. This worry can be countered with a novel metaphysics of understanding involving second-order dispositions.
Idealism and the Identity Theory of Truth
Authors: Trueman Robert 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn a recent article, Hofweber (2019) presents a new, and surprising, argument for idealism. His argument is surprising because it starts with an apparently innocent premiss from the philosophy of language: that ‘that’-clauses do not refer. I do not think that Hofweber's argument works, and my first aim in this paper is to explain why. However, I agree with Hofweber that what we say about ‘that’-clauses has important metaphysical consequences. My second aim is to argue that, far from leading us into idealism, denying that ‘that’-clauses refer is the first step toward a kind of direct realism about belief.
‘Master of the Orchester with a Sallary’: Handel at the Bank of England
Authors: Harris Ellen T 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The discovery of an account held by Handel at the Bank of England in 1721 offers new documentary information about his financial transactions and evidence for his residence before the move to Brook Street. Careful consideration of the circumstances surrounding this account leads to a reinterpretation of Handel’s short-lived accounts with the Royal African Company in 1720 and sheds light on Handel’s South Sea Annuities account (1723–32). An analysis of the South Sea Annuities account clarifies its origin and explains its pattern of credits and withdrawals, suggests the exact salary Handel received from the Royal Academy of Music as ‘Master of the Orchester’, and indicates that the financial arrangements for Handel’s salary that had been in place from the inception of the Academy were continued at the beginning of the ‘Second Academy’.
Compact groups from semi-analytical models of galaxy formation – I. A comparative study of frequency and nature
Authors: Díaz-Giménez E , Taverna A , Zandivarez A , Mamon G A 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTCompact groups (CGs) of galaxies are defined as isolated and dense galaxy systems that appear to be a unique site of multiple galaxy interactions. Semi-analytical models (SAMs) of galaxy formation are a prime tool to understand CGs. We investigate how the frequency and the 3D nature of CGs depends on the SAM and its underlying cosmological parameters. Extracting nine light-cones of galaxies from five different SAMs and selecting CGs as in observed samples, we find that the frequency and nature of CGs depends strongly on the cosmological parameters. Moving from the WMAP1 to the WMAP7 and Planck cosmologies (increasing density of the Universe and decreasing normalization of the power spectrum), the space density of CGs is decreased by a factor 2.5, while the fraction of CGs that are physically dense falls from 50 to 35 per cent. The lower σ8 leads to fewer dense groups, while the higher Ωm causes more chance alignments. However, with increased mass and spatial resolution, the fraction of CGs that are physically dense is pushed back up to 50 per cent. The intrinsic differences in the SAM recipes also lead to differences in the frequency and nature of CGs, particularly those related to how SAMs treat orphan galaxies. We find no dependence of CG properties on the flux limit of the mock catalogues nor on the waveband in which galaxies are selected. One should thus be cautious when interpreting a particular SAM for the frequency and nature of CGs.
Are inner disc misalignments common? ALMA reveals an isotropic outer disc inclination distribution for young dipper stars
Authors: Ansdell M , Gaidos E , Hedges C , Tazzari M , Kraus A L , Wyatt M C , Kennedy G M , Williams J P , Mann A W , Angelo I , Dûchene G , Mamajek E E , Carpenter J , Esplin T L , Rizzuto A C 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Dippers are a common class of young variable star exhibiting day-long dimmings with depths of up to several tens of per cent. A standard explanation is that dippers host nearly edge-on (id ≈ 70°) protoplanetary discs that allow close-in (&lt;1 au) dust lifted slightly out of the mid-plane to partially occult the star. The identification of a face-on dipper disc and growing evidence of inner disc misalignments brings this scenario into question. Thus, we uniformly (re)derive the inclinations of 24 dipper discs resolved with (sub-)mm interferometry from ALMA. We find that dipper disc inclinations are consistent with an isotropic distribution over id ≈ 0−75°, above which the occurrence rate declines (likely an observational selection effect due to optically thick disc mid-planes blocking their host stars). These findings indicate that the dipper phenomenon is unrelated to the outer (&gt;10 au) disc resolved by ALMA and that inner disc misalignments may be common during the protoplanetary phase. More than one mechanism may contribute to the dipper phenomenon, including accretion-driven warps and ‘broken’ discs caused by inclined (sub-)stellar or planetary companions.
Photometric rotation periods for 107 M dwarfs from the APACHE survey
Authors: Giacobbe P , Benedetto M , Damasso M , Sozzetti A , Christille J M , Lattanzi M G , Calcidese P , Carbognani A , Barbato D , Pinamonti M , Poggio E , Lanza A F , Bernagozzi A , Cenadelli D , Lanteri L , Bertolini E 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
We present rotation period measurements for 107 M dwarfs in the mass range $0.15\!-\!0.70 \, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ observed within the context of the APACHE photometric survey. We measure rotation periods in the range 0.5–190 d, with the distribution peaking at ∼30 d. We revise the stellar masses and radii for our sample of rotators by exploiting the Gaia DR2 data. For ${\sim}20{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the sample, we compare the photometric rotation periods with those derived from different spectroscopic indicators, finding good correspondence in most cases. We compare our rotation periods distribution to the one obtained by the Kepler survey in the same mass range, and to that derived by the MEarth survey for stars in the mass range $0.07\!-\!0.25 \, \mathrm{M}_\odot$. The APACHE and Kepler periods distributions are in good agreement, confirming the reliability of our results, while the APACHE distribution is consistent with the MEarth result only for the older/slow rotators, and in the overlapping mass range of the two surveys. Combining the APACHE/Kepler distribution with the MEarth distribution, we highlight that the rotation period increases with decreasing stellar mass, in agreement with previous work. Our findings also suggest that the spin-down time scale, from fast to slow rotators, changes crossing the fully convective limit at ${\approx}0.3 \, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ for M dwarfs. The catalogue of 107 rotating M dwarfs presented here is particularly timely, as the stars are prime targets for the potential identification of transiting small planets with TESS and amenable to high-precision mass determination and further atmospheric characterization measurements.
When a Music Therapist Grieves
Authors: Sato Yumiko 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
When my brother died suddenly at the age of 34, I had been working as a hospice music therapist for over 6 years. Understanding the grief process intellectually was quite different from experiencing it. I felt overwhelmed by facing the loss and grief of others at work, while I was still in shock about my brother’s death. Over time, the grieving process took so much out of me that I did not feel I had enough emotional energy to work with people who were dying and their loved ones. I began to have doubts: Can I be an effective therapist for my clients when I’m struggling with my own grief? Is it ethical for me to practice as a hospice music therapist right now? A year after my brother’s death I met a patient who was suffering from the trauma of war. Witnessing her recovery changed the way I thought about my grief and my role as a therapist. In the end, it was the work itself that helped me understand and work through my grief.
Effector gene silencing mediated by histone methylation underpins host adaptation in an oomycete plant pathogen
Authors: Wang Liyuan , Chen Han , Li JiangJiang , Shu Haidong , Zhang Xiangxue , Wang Yuanchao , Tyler Brett M , Dong Suomeng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe relentless adaptability of pathogen populations is a major obstacle to effective disease control measures. Increasing evidence suggests that gene transcriptional polymorphisms are a strategy deployed by pathogens to evade host immunity. However, the underlying mechanisms of transcriptional plasticity remain largely elusive. Here we found that the soybean root rot pathogen Phytophthora sojae evades the soybean Resistance gene Rps1b through transcriptional polymorphisms in the effector gene Avr1b that occur in the absence of any sequence variation. Elevated levels of histone H3 Lysine27 tri-methylation (H3K27me3) were observed at the Avr1b locus in a naturally occurring Avr1b-silenced strain but not in an Avr1b-expressing strain, suggesting a correlation between this epigenetic modification and silencing of Avr1b. To genetically test this hypothesis, we edited the gene, PsSu(z)12, encoding a core subunit of the H3K27me3 methyltransferase complex by using CRISPR/Cas9, and obtained three deletion mutants. H3K27me3 depletion within the Avr1b genomic region correlated with impaired Avr1b gene silencing in these mutants. Importantly, these mutants lost the ability to evade immune recognition by soybeans carrying Rps1b. These data support a model in which pathogen effector transcriptional polymorphisms are associated with changes in chromatin epigenetic marks, highlighting epigenetic variation as a mechanism of pathogen adaptive plasticity.
Dihydropyrimidinase protects from DNA replication stress caused by cytotoxic metabolites
Authors: Basbous Jihane , Aze Antoine , Chaloin Laurent , Lebdy Rana , Hodroj Dana , Ribeyre Cyril , Larroque Marion , Shepard Caitlin , Kim Baek , Pruvost Alain , Moreaux Jérôme , Maiorano Domenico , Mechali Marcel , Constantinou Angelos 
Published: November 2019

AbstractImbalance in the level of the pyrimidine degradation products dihydrouracil and dihydrothymine is associated with cellular transformation and cancer progression. Dihydropyrimidines are degraded by dihydropyrimidinase (DHP), a zinc metalloenzyme that is upregulated in solid tumors but not in the corresponding normal tissues. How dihydropyrimidine metabolites affect cellular phenotypes remains elusive. Here we show that the accumulation of dihydropyrimidines induces the formation of DNA–protein crosslinks (DPCs) and causes DNA replication and transcriptional stress. We used Xenopus egg extracts to recapitulate DNA replication invitro. We found that dihydropyrimidines interfere directly with the replication of both plasmid and chromosomal DNA. Furthermore, we show that the plant flavonoid dihydromyricetin inhibits human DHP activity. Cellular exposure to dihydromyricetin triggered DPCs-dependent DNA replication stress in cancer cells. This study defines dihydropyrimidines as potentially cytotoxic metabolites that may offer an opportunity for therapeutic-targeting of DHP activity in solid tumors.
Presentations for Subrings and Subalgebras of Finite CO-Rank
Authors: Mayr Peter , Ruškuc Nik 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLet $K$ be a commutative Noetherian ring with identity, let $A$ be a $K$-algebra and let $B$ be a subalgebra of $A$ such that $A/B$ is finitely generated as a $K$-module. The main result of the paper is that $A$ is finitely presented (resp. finitely generated) if and only if $B$ is finitely presented (resp. finitely generated). As corollaries, we obtain: a subring of finite index in a finitely presented ring is finitely presented; a subalgebra of finite co-dimension in a finitely presented algebra over a field is finitely presented (already shown by Voden in 2009). We also discuss the role of the Noetherian assumption on $K$ and show that for finite generation it can be replaced by a weaker condition that the module $A/B$ be finitely presented. Finally, we demonstrate that the results do not readily extend to non-associative algebras, by exhibiting an ideal of co-dimension $1$ of the free Lie algebra of rank 2 which is not finitely generated as a Lie algebra.