bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Organizational Climate in Healthy Workplaces: Considerations for Disability Management
Authors: McHugh Gabrielle 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground:In 2013, the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) released national, comprehensive guidelines for psychological health in the workplace. Nevertheless, follow-up surveys report poor uptake of the guidelines, particularly within the manufacturing sector, despite recent Workplace Safety and Insurance Tribunal (WSAIT) decisions that place greater responsibilities on employers to protect employees from psychological injury. Hence, this program of research has focused on the context of the work environment with a goal to better understand and inform current application of healthy workplace practices and policies. The overarching premise is that the full potential of a healthy workplace is optimised when set within a specific climate that values the health of workers. Therefore, Phase 1 reported the development of a workplace scale measuring a domain-specific climate for healthy practices in the workplace. Phase 2, reported here, tests the differential influence of culture, leadership and social climate on workers’ perceptions of healthy workplace practices and occupational bond.Method:Self-reported measures of culture, leadership social climate, healthy workplace practices and occupational bond from 162 participants were analysed to test the organisation’s culture, climate, leadership and practices as internal processes that influence the development of a healthy workplaceResults:Adequately powered (N= 162), the mediational analyses demonstrated the significance of the proximal work environment of climate over the distal influence of culture and leadership. The key results demonstrate that the proximal environment has a significant influence on how workers perceive their workplaces. This has implications for the implementation of the guidelines for healthy workplaces.
Acculturation through the lens of language: Syrian refugees in Canada and Germany
Authors: Lindner Katrin , Hipfner-Boucher Kathleen , Yamashita Anna , Riehl Claudia Maria , Ramdan Mohcine Ait , Chen Xi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe objective of our study was to investigate the acculturation experiences of Syrian refugee families in two contexts (Toronto, Canada, and Munich, Germany) 2 years postresettlement. Specifically, using qualitative methodologies, we examined acculturation orientation through the lens of parent and child minority and majority language use and preferences within multiple contexts. The interview data related to parent and child minority and majority language practices in Canada suggested an integration orientation. Those of families living in Germany were less indicative of a clear orientation; contextual factors restricted parents’ participation in the majority culture, while the youngest of their children tended toward assimilation. Our study revealed similarities and differences in the acculturation experiences of Syrian refugees in Canada and Germany and unveiled specific factors that influenced acculturation orientation in each country.
Circles of impacts within and beyond participatory action research with older people
Authors: Bendien Elena , Groot Barbara , Abma Tineke 
Published: October 2020

AbstractParticipatory action research (PAR) advocates end-user involvement in various societal domains. This paper aims to identify and analyse impacts of PAR involving older persons as co-researchers, and how these impacts spread and are enhanced throughout the research process and after its completion. By impact we mean transformational change throughout and after a PAR study. We present a qualitative community-based research project involving older people who live in sparsely populated areas in the Netherlands, and explore three types of PAR impact: personal, interpersonal and community impacts. We demonstrate how these impacts unfold through expanding circles, from a personal to a community level, and how these circles enhance each other. The project was conducted by a PAR team consisting of one researcher and seven co-researchers. The data were collected from observations, interviews and minutes of meetings, which the team subsequently analysed. The results are presented as a narrative account, whereby four project stages are followed by reflection on the impact it made. The discussion addresses the circles of impact, and whether and how they can strengthen each other in community-based projects involving older people. The concluding remarks address the influence of group dynamics on PAR, whether frail older adults can be expected to take an active part in PAR projects and the extent to which the results from such community-based PAR projects can be generalised.
Schismataand ʾAgudot: The Prohibition against Creating Factions in Paul's First Epistle to the Corinthians and Rabbinic Literature
Authors: Amit Aaron 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPaul opens his First Epistle to the Corinthians with the exhortation “Now I appeal to you, brothers [and sisters], … that there be no divisions among you, but that you be united in the same mind and the same purpose” (1:10). This plea is strikingly similar to a passage in Sifre Deuteronomy 96, where the wordslo titgodeduare interpreted as “Do not be made into gatherings/factions[ʾagudot]; rather, be all of you one gathering[ʾagudah].” Analyzing these sources in depth, this article argues that Paul was familiar with this early rabbinic midrash in an oral form. It also explores the possibility that Paul used another early rabbinic tradition on unity, which is found in theMekhilta de-miluʾimsection of the Sifra. If Paul indeed knew certain rabbinic oral traditions, then he was an independent interpreter of Scripture, who read Scripture in the original Hebrew. Further, even if Paul's audience consisted primarily of gentiles, the legal norms he sought to institute among them were based on Jewish traditions. Finally, Paul follows his exhortation againstschismatawith the names of specific groups in Corinth, which demonstrates that he understood the tannaitic tradition as a normative principle, meant to be applied to specific disagreements. If so, other first-century Jews also likely understoodlo titgodeduas a concrete halakhic prohibition.
A simplified disproof of Beck’s three permutations conjecture and an application to root-mean-squared discrepancy
Authors: Franks Cole 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA k-permutation family on n vertices is a set-system consisting of the intervals of k permutations of the integers 1 to n. The discrepancy of a set-system is the minimum over all red–blue vertex colourings of the maximum difference between the number of red and blue vertices in any set in the system. In 2011, Newman and Nikolov disproved a conjecture of Beck that the discrepancy of any 3-permutation family is at most a constant independent of n. Here we give a simpler proof that Newman and Nikolov’s sequence of 3-permutation families has discrepancy $\Omega (\log \,n)$. We also exhibit a sequence of 6-permutation families with root-mean-squared discrepancy $\Omega (\sqrt {\log \,n} )$; that is, in any red–blue vertex colouring, the square root of the expected squared difference between the number of red and blue vertices in an interval of the system is $\Omega (\sqrt {\log \,n} )$.
Spectroscopic Insights Into Ferromanganese Crust Formation and Diagenesis
Authors: Sutherland Kevin M. , Wankel Scott D. , Hein James R. , Hansel Colleen M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMarine ferromanganese deposits, often called the scavengers of the sea, adsorb and coprecipitate with a wide range of metals of great interest for paleo‐environmental reconstructions and economic geology. The long (up to ∼75 Ma), near‐continuous record of seawater chemistry afforded by ferromanganese deposits offers much historical information about the global ocean and surface earth including crustal processes, mantle processes, ocean circulation, and biogeochemical cycles. The extent to which the ferromanganese deposits hosting these geochemical proxies undergo diagenesis on the seafloor, however, remains an important and challenging factor in assessing the fidelity of such records. In this study, we employ multiple X‐ray techniques including micro–X‐ray fluorescence, bulk and micro–X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, and X‐ray powder diffraction to probe the structural, compositional, redox, and mineral changes within a single ferromanganese crust. These techniques illuminate a complex two‐dimensional structure characterized by crust growth controlled by the availability of manganese (Mn), a dynamic range in Mn oxidation state from +3.4 to +4.0, changes in Mn mineralogy over time, and recrystallization in the lower phosphatized portions of the crust. Iron (Fe) similarly demonstrates spatial complexity with respect to concentration and mineralogy, but lacks the dynamic range of oxidation state seen for Mn. Micrometer‐scale measurements of metal abundances reveal complex element associations between trace elements and the two major oxide phases, which are not typically resolvable via bulk analytical methods. These findings provide evidence of post‐depositional processes altering chemistry and mineralogy, and provide important geochemical context for the interpretation of element and isotopic records in ferromanganese crusts.
Surface Ozone‐Meteorology Relationships: Spatial Variations and the Role of the Jet Stream
Authors: Kerr Gaige Hunter , Waugh Darryn W. , Steenrod Stephen D. , Strode Sarah A. , Strahan Susan E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe investigate the relationships among summertime ozone (O3), temperature, and humidity on daily timescales across the Northern Hemisphere using observations and model simulations. Temperature and humidity are significantly positively correlated with O3across continental regions in the midlatitudes (∼35–60°N). Over the oceans, the relationships are consistently negative. For continental regions outside the midlatitudes, the O3‐meteorology correlations are mixed in strength and sign but generally weak. Over some high latitude, low latitude, and marine regions, temperature and humidity are significantly anticorrelated with O3. Daily variations in transport patterns linked to the position and meridional movement of the jet stream drive the relationships among O3, temperature, and humidity. Within the latitudinal range of the jet, there is an increase (decrease) in O3, temperature, and humidity over land with poleward (equatorward) movement of the jet, while over the oceans poleward movement of the jet results in decreases of these fields. Beyond the latitudes where the jet traverses, the meridional movement of the jet stream has variable or negligible effects on surface‐level O3, temperature, and humidity. The O3‐meteorology relationships are largely the product of the jet‐induced changes in the surface‐level meridional flow acting on the background meridional O3gradient. Our results underscore the importance of considering the role of the jet stream and surface‐level flow for the O3‐meteorology relationships, especially in light of expected changes to these features under climate change.
Snow as an Important Natural Reservoir for Runoff and Soil Moisture in Northeast China
Authors: Qi Wei , Feng Lian , Liu Junguo , Yang Hong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAs one of the major agricultural regions in the world, water scarcity problems in Northeast China have drawn much attention recently. Because of cold and long winter period, snow is an important component in the hydrological system. Yet few studies have been conducted to systematically assess its role. This study quantified the effects of snow on runoff and soil moisture in the entire region in a 30‐year time period (1982–2011) for the first time. A water and energy budget‐based distributed biosphere hydrological model with improved snow physics after calibration and validation is employed. A Standardized Snow depth Index (SSdI) is also proposed to quantify snow variations. Result shows that snow contributes 11% to runoff annually on average and 66% and 33% in April and May (main months for crop planting). Soil moisture could decrease by at least 20% in March–May if there would be no snow, and the major agriculture area suffers more than other regions. We also found that SSdI is indicative of standardized soil moisture index and standardized runoff index in spring, particularly useful for supporting water management in agriculture. These results indicate that snow performs like an important reservoir: redistribute water resources among months. This study provides unique insights into the importance of snow in the entire region. The results improve the awareness of the importance of snow to water resources management and indicate that it is worth paying attention to snow in water resources management in this region.
Xenograft and cell culture models of Sézary syndrome reveal cell of origin diversity and subclonal heterogeneity
Authors: Poglio Sandrine , Prochazkova-Carlotti Martina , Cherrier Floriane , Gros Audrey , Laharanne Elodie , Pham-Ledard Anne , Beylot-Barry Marie , Merlio Jean-Philippe 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSézary Syndrome (SS) is a rare aggressive epidermotropic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) defined by erythroderma, pruritis, and a circulating atypical CD4 + T-cell clonal population. The diversity of Sézary cell (SC) phenotype and genotype may reflect either plasticity or heterogeneity, which was difficult to evaluate dynamically until the achievement of long-term SC expansion. Therefore, we developed six defined culture conditions allowing for the expansion of SC defined by their phenotype and monoclonality in four of seven SS cases. Engraftment of SC through the intrafemoral route into immunodeficient NOD.Cg-Prkdc(scid)Il2rg(tm1Wjll)/SzJ (NSG) mice was achieved in 2 of 14 SS cases. Secondary xenograft by percutaneous injection mimicked most of the features of SS with dermal infiltration, epidermotropism, and blood spreading. These models also allowed assessing the intra-individual heterogeneity of patient SC. Subclones sharing the same TCR gene rearrangement evolved independently according to culture conditions and/or after xenografting. This clonal selection was associated with some immunophenotypic plasticity and limited genomic evolution both in vitro and in vivo. The long-term amplification of SC allowed us to develop eight new SC lines derived from four different patients. These lines represent the cell of origin diversity of SC and provide new tools to evaluate their functional hallmarks and response to therapy.
Breast tumor cells promotes the horizontal propagation of EMT, stemness, and metastasis by transferring the MAP17 protein between subsets of neoplastic cells
Authors: García-Heredia José Manuel , Otero-Albiol Daniel , Pérez Marco , Pérez-Castejón Elena , Muñoz-Galván Sandra , Carnero Amancio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMAP17 (PDZK1IP1) is a small protein regulating inflammation and tumor progression, upregulated in a broad range of carcinomas. MAP17 levels increase during tumor progression in a large percentage of advanced tumors. In the present work, we explored the role of this protein shaping tumor evolution. Here we show that in breast cancer, cells increased MAP17 levels in tumors by demethylation induced multiple changes in gene expression through specific miRNAs downregulation. These miRNA changes are dependent on Notch pathway activation. As a consequence, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness are induced promoting the metastatic potential of these cells both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, MAP17 increased the exosomes in tumor cells, where MAP17 was released as cargo, and this horizontal propagation also increased the EMT in the recipient cells. Importantly, an antibody against MAP17 in the media reduces the EMT and stemness alterations promoted by the conditioned media from MAP17-expressing cells. Therefore, MAP17 expression promotes the horizontal propagation of EMT and metastasis by transferring the MAP17 protein between subsets of neoplastic cells. Thus, MAP17 can be used to describe a new mechanism for cell malignity at distance, without the involvement of genetic or epigenetic modifications. MAP17 can also be taken in consideration as new target for metastatic high-grade breast tumors.
Genome-wide association studies of antidepressant class response and treatment-resistant depression
Authors: Li Qingqin S. , Tian Chao , Hinds David ,   23andMe Research Team, Agee Michelle , Alipanahi Babak , Auton Adam , Bell Robert K. , Bryc Katarzyna , Elson Sarah L. , Fontanillas Pierre , Furlotte Nicholas A. , Huber Karen E. , Kleinman Aaron , Litterman Nadia K. , McIntyre Matthew H. , Mountain Joanna L. , Noblin Elizabeth S. , Northover Carrie A. M. , Pitts Steven J. , Sathirapongsasuti J. Fah , Sazonova Olga V. , Shelton Janie F. , Shringarpure Suyash , Tung Joyce Y. , Vacic Vladimir , Wilson Catherine H. , Zare Amir S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe “antidepressant efficacy” survey (AES) was deployed to > 50,000 23andMe, Inc. research participants to investigate the genetic basis of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and non-treatment-resistant depression (NTRD). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were performed, including TRD vs. NTRD, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) responders vs. non-responders, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) responders vs. non-responders, and norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor responders vs. non-responders. Only the SSRI association reached the genome-wide significance threshold (p < 5 × 10−8): one genomic region in RNF219-AS1 (SNP rs4884091, p = 2.42 × 10−8, OR = 1.21); this association was also observed in the meta-analysis (13,130 responders vs. 6,610 non-responders) of AES and an earlier “antidepressant efficacy and side effects” survey (AESES) cohort. Meta-analysis for SNRI response phenotype derived from AES and AESES (4030 responders vs. 3049 non-responders) identified another genomic region (lead SNP rs4955665, p = 1.62 × 10−9, OR = 1.25) in an intronic region of MECOM passing the genome-wide significance threshold. Meta-analysis for the TRD phenotype (31,068 NTRD vs 5,714 TRD) identified one additional genomic region (lead SNP rs150245813, p = 8.07 × 10−9, OR = 0.80) in 10p11.1 passing the genome-wide significance threshold. A stronger association for rs150245813 was observed in current study (p = 7.35 × 10−7, OR = 0.79) than the previous study (p = 1.40 × 10−3, OR = 0.81), and for rs4955665, a stronger association in previous study (p = 1.21 × 10−6, OR = 1.27) than the current study (p = 2.64 × 10−4, OR = 1.21). In total, three novel loci associated with SSRI or SNRI (responders vs. non-responders), and NTRD vs TRD were identified; gene level association and gene set enrichment analyses implicate enrichment of genes involved in immune process.
T cell-intrinsic role for Nod2 in protection against Th17-mediated uveitis
Authors: Napier Ruth J. , Lee Ellen J. , Davey Michael P. , Vance Emily E. , Furtado João M. , Snow Paige E. , Samson Kimberly A. , Lashley Sydney J. , Brown Brieanna R. , Horai Reiko , Mattapallil Mary J. , Xu Biying , Callegan Michelle C. , Uebelhoer Luke S. , Lancioni Christina L. , Vehe Richard K. , Binstadt Bryce A. , Smith Justine R. , Caspi Rachel R. , Rosenzweig Holly L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMutations in nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) cause Blau syndrome, an inflammatory disorder characterized by uveitis. The antimicrobial functions of Nod2 are well-established, yet the cellular mechanisms by which dysregulated Nod2 causes uveitis remain unknown. Here, we report a non-conventional, T cell-intrinsic function for Nod2 in suppression of Th17 immunity and experimental uveitis. Reconstitution of lymphopenic hosts with Nod2−/−CD4+T cells or retina-specific autoreactive CD4+T cells lacking Nod2 reveals a T cell-autonomous, Rip2-independent mechanism for Nod2 in uveitis. In naive animals, Nod2 operates downstream of TCR ligation to suppress activation of memory CD4+T cells that associate with an autoreactive-like profile involving IL-17 and Ccr7. Interestingly, CD4+T cells from two Blau syndrome patients show elevated IL-17 and increased CCR7. Our data define Nod2 as a T cell-intrinsic rheostat of Th17 immunity, and open new avenues for T cell-based therapies for Nod2-associated disorders such as Blau syndrome.
Over-activation of primate subgenual cingulate cortex enhances the cardiovascular, behavioral and neural responses to threat
Authors: Alexander Laith , Wood Christian M. , Gaskin Philip L. R. , Sawiak Stephen J. , Fryer Tim D. , Hong Young T. , McIver Lauren , Clarke Hannah F. , Roberts Angela C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStress-related disorders such as depression and anxiety are characterized by enhanced negative emotion and physiological dysfunction. Whilst elevated activity within area 25 of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC/25) has been implicated in these illnesses, it is unknown whether this over-activity is causal. By combining targeted intracerebral microinfusions with cardiovascular and behavioral monitoring in marmosets, we show that over-activation of sgACC/25 reduces vagal tone and heart rate variability, alters cortisol dynamics during stress and heightens reactivity to proximal and distal threat.18F-FDG PET imaging shows these changes are accompanied by altered activity within a network of brain regions including the amygdala, hypothalamus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Ketamine, shown to have rapid antidepressant effects, fails to reverse elevated arousal to distal threat contrary to the beneficial effects we have previously demonstrated on over-activation induced reward blunting, illustrating the symptom-specificity of its actions.
Presence of low virulence chytrid fungi could protect European amphibians from more deadly strains
Authors: Greener Mark S. , Verbrugghe Elin , Kelly Moira , Blooi Mark , Beukema Wouter , Canessa Stefano , Carranza Salvador , Croubels Siska , De Troyer Niels , Fernandez-Giberteau Daniel , Goethals Peter , Lens Luc , Li Zhimin , Stegen Gwij , Strubbe Diederik , van Leeuwenberg Robby , Van Praet Sarah , Vila-Escale Mireia , Vervaeke Muriel , Pasmans Frank , Martel An 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWildlife diseases are contributing to the current Earth’s sixth mass extinction; one disease, chytridiomycosis, has caused mass amphibian die-offs. While global spread of a hypervirulent lineage of the fungusBatrachochytrium dendrobatidis(BdGPL) causes unprecedented loss of vertebrate diversity by decimating amphibian populations, its impact on amphibian communities is highly variable across regions. Here, we combine field data with in vitro and in vivo trials that demonstrate the presence of a markedly diverse variety of low virulence isolates ofBdGPL in northern European amphibian communities. Pre-exposure to some of these low virulence isolates protects against disease following subsequent exposure to highly virulentBdGPL in midwife toads (Alytes obstetricans) and alters infection dynamics of its sister speciesB. salamandrivoransin newts (Triturus marmoratus), but not in salamanders (Salamandra salamandra). The key role of pathogen virulence in the complex host-pathogen-environment interaction supports efforts to limit pathogen pollution in a globalized world.