bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of high frequency oscillatory ventilator in neonates with respiratory failure: the clinical practice in Taiwan and early multimodal outcome prediction
Authors: Yang Mei-Chin , Hsu Jen-Fu , Hsiao Hsiu-Feng , Yang Lan-Yan , Pan Yu-Bin , Lai Mei-Yin , Chu Shih-Ming , Huang Hsuan-Rong , Chiang Ming-Chou , Fu Ren-Huei , Tsai Ming-Horng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHigh-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) can be a rescue for neonates with refractory respiratory failure or an early elective therapy for preterm infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). However, little is known about the current evolution and therapeutic limitations of HFOV. We therefore aimed to describe its use in clinical practice and predict the risk of mortality for neonates receiving HFOV. A retrospective observational study of all neonates treated with HFOV in a quaternary referral NICU between January 2007 and December 2016 was conducted. We classified these patients into five subgroups based on primary respiratory diagnoses. We performed the logistic regression and decision tree regression analyses to identify independent factors of 30-day mortality following HFOV. A total of 1125 patients who were ever supported on HFOV were enrolled, of whom 64.1% received HFOV as a rescue therapy, 27.2% received it as an elective therapy, and 8.7% received it for air leak. An average oxygenation index (OI) greater than 25 in the first 24 hours after the initiation of HFOV and patients with secondary pulmonary hypertension were found to have the greatest risk of in-hospital mortality (p < 0.0001). The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 25.8% (290/1125). Decision tree regression analysis revealed that neonates with refractory respiratory failure who had a pre-HFOV OI value higher than 20.5 and OI values higher than 21.5, 23.5 and 34 at 2 hours, 6 hours, and 12 hours after the use of HFOV, respectively, had a significantly increased risk of 30-day mortality. We identified the predictors and cutoff points of OI before and after the initiation of HFOV in neonates with respiratory failure, which can be clinically used as a reference for 30-day mortality. Further efforts are still needed to optimize the outcomes.
WAT-on-a-chip integrating human mature white adipocytes for mechanistic research and pharmaceutical applications
Authors: Rogal Julia , Binder Carina , Kromidas Elena , Roosz Julia , Probst Christopher , Schneider Stefan , Schenke-Layland Katja , Loskill Peter 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObesity and its numerous adverse health consequences have taken on global, pandemic proportions. White adipose tissue (WAT) – a key contributor in many metabolic diseases – contributes about one fourth of a healthy human’s body mass. Despite its significance, many WAT-related pathophysiogical mechanisms in humans are still not understood, largely due to the reliance on non-human animal models. In recent years, Organ-on-a-chip (OoC) platforms have developed into promising alternatives for animal models; these systems integrate engineered human tissues into physiological microenvironment supplied by a vasculature-like microfluidic perfusion. Here, we report the development of a novel OoC that integrates functional mature human white adipocytes. The WAT-on-a-chip is a multilayer device that features tissue chambers tailored specifically for the maintenance of 3D tissues based on human primary adipocytes, with supporting nourishment provided through perfused media channels. The platform’s capability to maintain long-term viability and functionality of white adipocytes was confirmed by real-time monitoring of fatty acid uptake, by quantification of metabolite release into the effluent media as well as by an intact responsiveness to a therapeutic compound. The novel system provides a promising tool for wide-ranging applications in mechanistic research of WAT-related biology, in studying of pathophysiological mechanisms in obesity and diabetes, and in R&D of pharmaceutical industry.
Bioefficacy of Rhynocoris longifrons (Stål) (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) against multiple cotton pests under screen house and field conditions
Authors: Sahayaraj Kitherian , Kalidas Subramanian , Estelle Loko Yêyinou Laura 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRhynocoris longifrons (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) is a generalist predator of many cotton insect pests. The hiding behaviour of this predator, which is one of the key factors of predation success, was investigated under screen house conditions. Moreover, we evaluated its biocontrol potential against Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Dysdercus cingulatus (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae), Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), and Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under screen house and field conditions. Results showed that R. longifrons life stages preferred to hide under small pebbles in the screen house tests. All the R. longifrons life stages showed a biocontrol potential against the four insect pests under screen house conditions. However, their biocontrol potential had not varied in relation to day and night hours. Augmentative releases of R. longifrons were carried out for two seasons such as South-west monsoon, 2011 and post-monsoon, 2012. The augmentative release of R. longifrons reduced significantly insect pests on cotton. In fact, the release of this predator in cotton fields was capable to reduce the population of H. armigera (50%), P. solenopsis (28%), D. cingulatus (18.8%), and A. gossypii (11.8%) during the rain fed condition (south-west monsoon season). During irrigated condition (post-monsoon season), populations of D. cingulatus were reduced by 26%, than P. solenopsis (20.6%), and A. gossypii (16.8%). Except ants, no negative impact was reported on other natural enemies present in the cotton field. Significantly higher crop yield and cost benefit ratio was observed in the predator release plots indicating that R. longifrons can be used in an integrated pest management program for multiple cotton pests.
Prostaglandin EP2 receptor downstream of Notch signaling inhibits differentiation of human skeletal muscle progenitors in differentiation conditions
Authors: Sakai-Takemura Fusako , Nogami Ken’ichiro , Elhussieny Ahmed , Kawabata Kota , Maruyama Yusuke , Hashimoto Naohiro , Takeda Shin’ichi , Miyagoe-Suzuki Yuko 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the signaling pathways that regulate proliferation and differentiation of muscle progenitors is essential for successful cell transplantation for treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Here, we report that a γ-secretase inhibitor, DAPT (N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl-L-alanyl)]-S-phenylglycine tertial butyl ester), which inhibits the release of NICD (Notch intercellular domain), promotes the fusion of human muscle progenitors in vitro and improves their engraftment in the tibialis anterior muscle of immune-deficient mice. Gene expression analysis revealed that DAPT severely down-regulates PTGER2, which encodes prostaglandin (PG) E2 receptor 2 (EP2), in human muscle progenitors in the differentiation condition. Functional analysis suggested that Notch signaling inhibits differentiation and promotes self-renewal of human muscle progenitors via PGE2/EP2 signaling in a cAMP/PKA-independent manner.
The bidirectional relationship between CFTR and lipids
Authors: Cottrill Kirsten A. , Farinha Carlos M. , McCarty Nael A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCystic Fibrosis (CF) is the most common life-shortening genetic disease among Caucasians, resulting from mutations in the gene encoding the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR). While work to understand this protein has resulted in new treatment strategies, it is important to emphasize that CFTR exists within a complex lipid bilayer — a concept largely overlooked when performing structural and functional studies. In this review we discuss cellular lipid imbalances in CF, mechanisms by which lipids affect membrane protein activity, and the specific impact of detergents and lipids on CFTR function.
Evidence for dimerization of ferroportin in a human hepatic cell line using proximity ligation assays
Authors: Rishi Gautam , Secondes Eriza S. , Wallace Daniel F. , Subramaniam V. Nathan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Mutations in the only known iron exporter ferroportin (FPN) in humans are associated with the autosomal dominantly inherited iron overload disorder ferroportin disease or type IV hereditary hemochromatosis (HH). While our knowledge of the central role of FPN in iron homeostasis has grown in the last 20 years, there exist some questions surrounding the structure and membrane topology of FPN with conflicting data on whether this receptor acts as a monomer or a multimer. To investigate and determine if FPN dimerization occurs in cells, we used novel tools including a variety of different FPN constructs expressing different tagged versions of the protein, a novel antibody that only detects cell surface FPN and proximity ligation assays. The results of the present study suggest that both the carboxy- and amino-termini of the FPN protein are intracellular. We also show that exogenously transfected FPN forms dimers; these dimers can be formed between the wild-type and mutant FPN proteins. This is the first study to examine the intracellular dimerization of FPN protein. Using proximity ligation assays, we show intracellular localization of FPN dimers and the interaction between FPN and hepcidin proteins as well. These results have important implications in the field of iron metabolism and add to our knowledge about FPN membrane topology and physiology of iron transport. This will be of importance in understanding the clinical implications of FPN mutations and of interest to future research aimed at targeting FPN expression to modulate iron homeostasis.
Profiles of Early Actions and Gestures in Infants With an Older Sibling With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: West Kelsey L. , Roemer Emily J. , Northrup Jessie B. , Iverson Jana M. 
Published: April 2020

PurposeInfants with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) produce fewer play actions and gestures than neurotypical infants (e.g., Mastrogiuseppe et al., 2015; Veness et al., 2012; Zwaigenbaum et al., 2005). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether different “types” of actions and gestures are more or less likely to develop atypically in ASD.MethodWe examined eight types of actions and gestures longitudinally from ages 8 to 14 months in 80 infants with a heightened risk for developing ASD by virtue of having an affected older sibling (high risk [HR]; e.g., Ozonoff et al., 2011) and 25 infants with no such familial risk (low risk). Data were collected using the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories (Fenson et al., 1994, 1993).ResultsHR infants later diagnosed with ASD showed less growth across nearly all types of actions and gestures compared to the low-risk comparison group. Importantly, these HR infants who were later diagnosed with ASD also exhibited reduced growth in frequent deictic gestures and in actions that involve object manipulation relative to HR infants with non-ASD language delay.ConclusionsDuring infancy, it is challenging for clinicians to distinguish ASD from other early communicative delays (e.g., Camarata, 2014). Our results indicate that deictic gestures, as well as actions and gestures involving object manipulation, may be useful targets of surveillance strategies for HR infants and could support early detection efforts for ASD.
Atmospheric stability and collapse on tidally locked rocky planets
Authors: Auclair-Desrotour P. , Heng K. 
Published: April 2020

Context.Over large timescales, a terrestrial planet may be driven towards spin-orbit synchronous rotation by tidal forces. In this particular configuration, the planet exhibits permanent dayside and nightside, which may induce strong day-night temperature gradients. The nightside temperature depends on the efficiency of the day-night heat redistribution and determines the stability of the atmosphere against collapse.Aims.To better constrain the atmospheric stability, climate, and surface conditions of rocky planets located in the habitable zone of their host star, it is thus crucial to understand the complex mechanism of heat redistribution.Methods.Building on early works and assuming dry thermodynamics, we developed a hierarchy of analytic models taking into account the coupling between radiative transfer, dayside convection, and large-scale atmospheric circulation in the case of slowly rotating planets. There are two types of these models: a zero-dimensional two-layer approach and a two-column radiative-convective-subsiding-upwelling model. They yield analytical solutions and scaling laws characterising the dependence of the collapse pressure on physical features, which are compared to the results obtained by early works using 3D global climate models (GCMs).Results.The analytical theory captures (i) the dependence of temperatures on atmospheric opacities and scattering in the shortwave and in the longwave, (ii) the behaviour of the collapse pressure observed in GCM simulations at low stellar fluxes that are due to the non-linear dependence of the atmospheric opacity on the longwave optical depth at the planet’s surface, (iii) the increase of stability generated by dayside sensible heating, and (iv) the decrease of stability induced by the increase of the planet size.
A distinct magnetic property of the inner penumbral boundary
Authors: Jurčák Jan , Schmassmann Markus , Rempel Matthias , Bello González Nazaret , Schlichenmaier Rolf 
Published: April 2020

Context. Analyses of sunspot observations revealed a fundamental magnetic property of the umbral boundary: the invariance of the vertical component of the magnetic field.
Aims. We analyse the magnetic properties of the umbra-penumbra boundary in simulated sunspots and thus assess their similarity to observed sunspots. We also aim to investigate the role of the plasma β and the ratio of kinetic to magnetic energy in simulated sunspots in the convective motions because these quantities cannot be reliably determined from observations.
Methods. We used a set of non-gray simulation runs of sunspots with the MURaM code. The setups differed in terms of subsurface magnetic field structure and magnetic field boundary imposed at the top of the simulation domain. These data were used to synthesize the Stokes profiles, which were then degraded to the Hinode spectropolarimeter-like observations. Then, the data were treated like real Hinode observations of a sunspot, and magnetic properties at the umbral boundaries were determined.
Results. Simulations with potential field extrapolation produce a realistic magnetic field configuration on the umbral boundaries of the sunspots. Two simulations with a potential field upper boundary, but different subsurface magnetic field structures, differ significantly in the extent of their penumbrae. Increasing the penumbra width by forcing more horizontal magnetic fields at the upper boundary results in magnetic properties that are not consistent with observations. This implies that the size of the penumbra is given by the subsurface structure of the magnetic field, that is, by the depth and inclination of the magnetopause, which is shaped by the expansion of the sunspot flux rope with height. None of the sunspot simulations is consistent with the observed properties of the magnetic field and the direction of the Evershed flow at the same time. Strong outward-directed Evershed flows are only found in setups with an artificially enhanced horizontal component of the magnetic field at the top boundary that are not consistent with the observed magnetic field properties at the umbra-penumbra boundary. We stress that the photospheric boundary of simulated sunspots is defined by a magnetic field strength of equipartition field value.
Optimierung der Langzeitbetreuung von neurologischen Patienten durch internet- und mobile-basierte Interventionen ohne und mit persuasiven Elementen einschließlich der Gamification
Authors: Lohse Peter , Steinmetzer Tobias , Reichmann Heinz , Reckhardt Markus , Bönninger Ingrid , Reinhardt Fritjof 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungIn einer Pilotstudie an 60 neurologischen Langzeitpatienten (degenerative zerebrale Mikroangiopathie mit reduzierter sensomotorischer Stabilität) erfolgt eine erste Überprüfung der Praxistauglichkeit eines eigens entwickelten Konzeptes, das in dem Kommunikationsaspekt einen Schwerpunkt der medizinischen Langzeitbehandlung sieht. Zunächst werden die Präferenzen des Patienten und weitere seine Adhärenz bestimmenden Faktoren analysiert. Neben Verständigung und sachlich-argumentativem Austausch bedarf es dabei einer affektiv-emotionalen vielschichtigen Botschaftsübermittlung, die sich auf den Rezipienten umfassend und in Echtzeit einstellt. Persuasion ist das gezielte Ansprechen von Verhaltensmustern. Gamification überführt spielerische Elemente in einen spielfremden Kontext. Dabei bieten technologiebasierte Ansätze eine Möglichkeit, Aspekte von Gesundheit, Lebensqualität und positiver Krankheitsbewältigung, z. B. durch den Einsatz von internet- und mobile-basierten Interventionen (IMI), zu optimieren. Auf diesem informationstheoretischen und gesundheitskommunikativen Hintergrund wurde eine Pilotstudie mit 60 neurologischen Langzeitpatienten mit symptomatischer zerebraler Mikroangiopathie durchgeführt, die wegen einer bestehenden sensomotorischen Inkompetenz stationär aufgenommen worden waren. Noch während des einwöchigen stationären Aufenthaltes bekamen die Patienten eine Einführung in eine standardisierte sensomotorische Trainingstherapie, die sie dann nach Entlassung aus dem stationären Setting über sechs Wochen hinweg als vierarmige Interventionsstudie ambulant am Klinikcampus oder häuslich, jeweils ohne und mit Gamification, weiterführten. Die Patienten wurden am Anfang und am Ende der Trainingsphase mit motorisch-funktionellen Verfahren und testpsychologisch untersucht. Anschließend wurden sie einem standardisierten Leitfadeninterview unterzogen. Als wichtigste Ergebnisse fanden sich:– Die computergestützte Trainingstherapie war wirksam und wurde von den Patienten angenommen. Ihnen war besonders wichtig: hohe Anwenderfreundlichkeit, hohe Präzision in der Widerspiegelung des Beherrschungsgrades auch subtiler Trainingselemente durch den Patienten und eine persönliche Fortschrittsbewertung in Echtzeit.– Die häuslichen Trainingsergebnisse waren besser als die in der Campusambulanz.– Training mit und ohne Gamification ist vergleichbar, es werden über sechs Wochen hinweg ähnliche Therapieeffekte erzielt, allerdings verbessert sich die subjektive Lebensqualität unter Gamification signifikant.
„Haben wir noch Sex oder schläfst du schon?“
Authors: Miorin-Bellermann Juliane 
Published: April 2020

SummaryHauptverantwortlich für Libido, Fertilität und sexuelle Aktivität ist ein fragiles Gleichgewicht von Hormonen wie Testosteron, Östradiol, Kortisol, T3 und T4. Einflüsse wie Dauerstress, Adipositas, Kontrazeptiva, Xeno- oder Phytohormone können die Hormonbalance empfindlich stören, unter anderem in Form von Östrogendominanz, Kortisolüberschuss und Testosteronmangel. In drei vorgestellten Fällen kann durch gezielte Hormondiagnostik, phytotherapeutische und homöopathische Therapie sowie eine Änderung des Lebensstils die Lebensfreude und Libido – in einem Fall auch die Fertilität – wieder in hohem Maße hergestellt werden.
Der Tag, der alles änderte
Authors: Kormer von Baerle Dörte 
Published: April 2020

SummaryKrebs im Beckenraum und seine Therapien bedeuten nicht nur für Körperfunktionen eine Zäsur, sondern auch für das Selbstbild, Sexualleben und Rollenverständnis. In vielen Fällen kommen Sexualität und Partnerschaft zum Erliegen, weil Betroffene sich ihrem Körper entfremden, sich hilflos und wertlos fühlen – häufig verstärkt durch Unfruchtbarkeit, erektile Dysfunktion oder Körperveränderungen. Wer gemeinsam mit dem Patienten den Fokus auf dessen Kräfte, Selbstwirksamkeit und Ressourcen lenkt und diese durch Übungen stärkt, unterstützt seinen Weg zu einem neuen Selbstverständnis und mehr Eigeninitiative.
Optical coherence tomography of the pancreatic and bile ducts: are we ready for prime time?
Authors: Tyberg Amy , Raijman Isaac , Novikov Aleksey A. , Sejpal Divyesh V. , Benias Petros C. , Trindade Arvind J. , Das Ananya , Sachdev Mankanwal , Khosravi Farhoud , Tarnasky Paul , Kedia Prashant , Gaidhane Monica , Kahaleh Michel , Joshi Virendra 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims First-generation optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been shown to increase diagnostic sensitivity for malignant biliary and pancreatic-duct strictures. A newer OCT imaging system, NVision Volumetric Laser Endomicroscopy (VLE), allows for in vivo cross-sectional imaging of the ductal wall at the microstructure level during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate characteristics on OCT that are predictive of benign and malignant strictures.
Patients and methods Consecutive patients from six centers who underwent OCT between September 2016 and September 2017 were included in a dedicated registry. OCT images were analyzed, and nine recurring characteristics were further assessed. Final diagnosis was based on histology and/or surgical pathology.
Results 86 patients were included (49 % male, mean age 64.7). OCT was performed in the bile duct in 79 patients and the pancreatic duct in seven. Nine OCT characteristics were identified: dilated hypo-reflective structures (n = 7), onion-skin layering (n = 8), intact layering (n = 17), layering effacement (n = 25), scalloping (n = 20), thickened epithelium (n = 42), hyper-glandular mucosa (n = 13), prominent blood vessels (n = 6), and a hyper-reflective surface (n = 20). Presence of hyper-glandular mucosa, hyper-reflective surface and scalloping significantly increased the odds of malignancy diagnosis by 6 times more (P = 0.0203; 95 % CI 1.3 to 26.5), 4.7 times more (P = 0.0255; 95 % CI 1.2 to 18.0) and 7.9 times more (P = 0.0035; 95 % CI 1.97 to 31.8) respectively.
Conclusion By providing in-vivo cross-sectional imaging of the pancreatic and biliary duct wall, OCT technology may improve sensitivity in diagnosing malignant strictures and provide standardizable criteria predictive of malignancy.