bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adapting new strategies in dental care to help geriatric and special needs patients during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sen Madhura , D’Souza Violet , Sharma Shambhavi , Shenoy Ramya 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to discuss and urge further deliberation on possible strategies to help geriatric and special needs patients to receive dental care during the pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThis paper contains literature review of published research articles related to past epidemics, COVID-19 and older persons.FindingsAccurate prediction of adverse outcomes, detection of unidentified problems, improved estimation of residual life expectancy and appropriate use of geriatric interventions is required to understand the necessity of the treatment and effect of possible COVID-19 contraction during the treatment.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors reviewed the only published literature and collated the lessons learnt from past epidemics, as the natural history of the COVID-19 is not known.Practical implicationsFuture dentists must be trained in crisis management to deal with pandemics more effectively. The dental fraternity should be equipped to provide some sort of “psychological counseling and reassurance” prior to dental care to vulnerable individuals with comorbidities and special needs.Originality/valueThere are very few published articles focused on unique dental care plans for geriatric and special needs patients.
Citrus flavonoids and the intestinal barrier: Interactions and effects
Authors: Wang Meiyan , Zhao Hui , Wen Xiang , Ho Chi‐Tang , Li Shiming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe intestinal barrier plays a central role in sustaining gut homeostasis and, when dysfunctional, may contribute to diseases. Dietary flavonoids derived from Citrus genus represent one of the main naturally occurring phytochemicals with multiple potential benefits for the intestinal barrier function. In the intestine, citrus flavonoids (CFs) undergo ingestion from the lumen, biotransformation in the epithelial cells and/or crosstalk with luminal microbiota to afford various metabolites that may in turn exert protective actions on gut barrier along with their parental compounds. Specifically, the health‐promoting properties of CFs and their metabolic bioactives for the intestinal barrier include their capacity to (a) modulate barrier permeability; (b) protect mucus layer; (c) regulate intestinal immune system; (d) fight against oxidative stress; and (e) positively shape microbiome and metabolome. Notably, local effects of CFs can also generate systemic benefits, for instance, improvement of gut microbial dysbiosis helpful to orchestrate gut homeostasis and leading to alleviation of systemic dysmetabolism. Given the important role of the intestinal barrier in overall health, further understanding of underlying action mechanisms and ultimate health effects of CFs as well as their metabolites on the intestine is of great significance to future application of citrus plants and their bioactives as dietary supplements and/or functional ingredients in medical foods.
Covid‐19 and Global Food Security
Authors: Swinnen Johan , McDermott John 
Published: November 2020

SummaryCovid‐19 has major implications for global food security. The virus itself and the policy reactions have triggered a massive recession and major disruptions in food value chains. The combination of both has been dramatic for the food and nutrition security of billions of poor people around the world. The impacts are heterogeneous, depending on the nature of the commodity, the resource‐intensity of the food systems, and the level of economic development. Covid‐19 affects the food security and nutrition of poor people more strongly than that of richer people. Women, children and migrants are particularly affected. It is important to balance movement control and other social distancing measures with policy initiatives to improve the food and nutrition security and livelihoods of vulnerable groups. A crucial issue moving forward is to make food supply chains, and food systems generally, more resilient for the future. While many food systems have been significantly disrupted, others have been more resilient, with food supplies relatively unaffected. Innovations are helping to overcome obstacles and make food supply chains more resilient for the future. Overall, the insights and lessons from Covid‐19 should help to design better policies and build more resilient and inclusive food systems for the future.
Individual effects of enzymes and vital wheat gluten on whole wheat dough and bread properties
Authors: Tebben Lauren , Chen Gengjun , Tilley Michael , Li Yonghui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe objective of this research was to determine effects of five enzymes on whole wheat bread properties, particularly loaf volume, bread texture, and staling. Enzymes containing conventional α‐amylase (α‐amyl), cellulase (cel), glucose oxidase, maltogenic α‐amylase (m amyl), and xylanase (xyl) were added at three levels. Vital wheat gluten (VWG) was added as an additional, separate treatment at 2.5% (flour weight basis). Enzymes had minimal effect on water absorption and mixing time. Each enzyme increased specific loaf volume for at least one of the usage levels tested (P < 0.01). Among the enzyme treatments, the greatest loaf volume was seen for xyl at the medium and high levels. No enzyme was as effective as VWG at increasing loaf volume. Overall, enzymes did not significantly change cell structure. The greatest reduction in fresh bread hardness was obtained for the high level of xyl. VWG, m amyl, and xyl reduced the rate of bread firming over 7 days. α‐Amyl, cel, and m amyl decreased starch retrogradation at day 7 as measured by differential scanning calorimetry (P < 0.01). M amyl nearly eliminated the endothermic peak for recrystallized amylopectin. This study demonstrated the specific application of enzymes in whole wheat bread to increase loaf volume and decrease initial crumb hardness and bread staling.Practical ApplicationThis study will provide guidance for practical uses of enzymes in improving whole wheat dough and bread quality.
Health care use before and after intensive care unit admission—A nationwide register‐based study
Authors: Estrup Stine , Thygesen Lau C , Poulsen Lone M , Gøgenur Ismail , Mathiesen Ole 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to describe healthcare utilization of patients admitted to ICU before and after ICU admission.MethodsRegister‐based study including adult patients discharged from ICU between January 1st, 2011 and December 31st, 2014. Reference group was a sex‐ and age‐matched population not admitted to an ICU in the study period. Outcomes were hospital admissions, contacts to general practitioner or emergency services and municipality services from 1 year before ICU admission and up to 3 years after.ResultsThe study included 82 384 patients and an equal number of reference persons. Of patients with ICU admission, 48% were married (reference group 57%), 48% had elementary school education (reference group 38%) and 18% had a Charlson co‐morbidity score of 5+ (4% in reference group). We found that 51% of patients with an ICU admission had been admitted to hospital in the year before ICU admission (reference group 15%) and 97% had a contact to a general practitioner (reference group 89%) in the same period.ConclusionsPatients admitted to an ICU had increased use of both primary and secondary health care both before and for years after ICU treatment, even after adjustment for comorbidities and socio‐economic factors.
Rectum versus colon: should malignant polyps be treated differently?
Authors: Solon J. Gemma , Oliva Karen , Farmer K. Chip , Wang Wei , Wilkins Simon , McMurrick Paul J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe management of malignant colorectal polyps removed at endoscopy remains controversial with patients either undergoing surgical resection or regular endoscopic surveillance. Lymph node (LN) metastases occur in 6–16% of patients with malignant polyps. This study assessed the rate of LN metastases in patients undergoing surgical resection for malignant polyps removed endoscopically to determine if there is a difference in the rate of LN metastases between colonic and rectal polyps.MethodsA retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database was performed from 2010 to 2018. All patients who underwent surgical resection following endoscopic removal of a malignant colorectal polyp were reviewed. Clinical data including patient demographics and tumour characteristics were examined.ResultsA total of 177 patients underwent surgical resection in the study period. The median age at diagnosis was 65 years (range 22–88 years) with females comprising 52% of the patient cohort (n = 92/177). Polyps were located in the colon in 60.5% of cases with the remainder located in the rectum. The median number of LN harvested was 14 (range 0–44) with malignant LN (including a mesenteric tumour deposit) identified in 8.5% of resection specimens (n = 15/177). Malignant LNs were retrieved in 5.5% of right‐sided tumours, 5.6% of left‐sided tumours and 12.9% of rectal tumours (P = 0.090).ConclusionA small proportion of patients with malignant polyps removed endoscopically will have LN metastases. The results of this study suggest that the tumour location might be a useful predictive marker; however, a further study with increased patient numbers is required to properly establish this finding.
Genotype FBN1/phenotype relationship in a cohort of patients with Marfan syndrome
Authors: Hernándiz Amparo , Zúñiga Angel , Valera Francisco , Domingo Diana , Ontoria‐Oviedo Imelda , Marí Jose F. , Román Jose A. , Calvo Inmaculada , Insa Beatriz , Gómez Rosa , Cervera José V. , Miralles Manuel , Montero Jose A. , Martínez‐Dolz Luis , Sepúlveda Pilar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMarfan syndrome (MFS) is a systemic connective tissue disorder caused by mutations in the fibrillin‐1 (FBN1) gene, and cardiovascular involvement is the leading cause of mortality. We sought to examine the genotype/phenotype realtionship in 61 consecutive patients with a phenotype and genotype compatible with MFS. The FBN1 gene was analyzed by massive sequencing using a hybridization capture‐based target enrichment custom panel. Forty‐three different variants of FBN1 were identified, of which 17 have not been previously reported. The causal variants of MFS were grouped into mutations resulting in haploinsufficiency (HI group; 23 patients) and mutations producing a dominant‐negative effect (DN group; 38 patients). Patient information was collected from electronic medical records and clinical evaluation. While no significant differences were found between the two groups, the HI group included more cases with aortic dissection and occurring at a younger age that the DN group (34.7% vs. 15.8%; p = 0.160). Irrespective of the mutation group, males presented with a higher probability of aortic involvement (4‐fold higher risk than females) and aortic dissections events occurred at younger ages. Patients with DN variants carrying a cysteine substitution had a higher incidence of ectopia lentis.
Combining transdermal and breath alcohol assessments, real‐time drink logs and retrospective self‐reports to measure alcohol consumption and intoxication across a multi‐day music festival
Authors: Norman Thomas , Peacock Amy , Ferguson Stuart G. , Kuntsche Emmanuel , Bruno Raimondo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsComprehensively investigating alcohol‐related behaviours in the context of a dynamic multi‐day alcohol‐licensed event is important for understanding and minimising patron risk. We aimed to assess the measurement utility of implementing a multi‐dimensional alcohol assessment battery using biometric data collection, real‐time drink logs and retrospective self‐report measures over the course of a 4‐day music festival.MethodsFourteen adults participated (n = 7 male, mean age 21.9 years). Breath and transdermal alcohol concentration (BrAC and TAC, respectively) were measured using breathalysers and transdermal alcohol bracelets. A real‐time drink log was completed via smartphones on initiating each drink, and a retrospective questionnaire was administered up to twice daily throughout the event (6 timepoints total).ResultsWhile almost all participants (92.9%) logged significantly fewer drinks in real‐time than they retrospectively reported via the twice‐daily questionnaires, logs provided important contextual information including the types of drinks consumed and drinking intensity. Compared to BrAC, TAC provided a better understanding of the time course of intoxication, indicating highest alcohol consumption outside of static BrAC assessment windows. However, BrAC provided a better assessment of present state: all participants were 0.00% BrAC at departure despite over two‐fifths (42.9%) of the sample's last TAC reading exceeding 0.00%.ConclusionsAs standalone assessments, each method possessed limitations. As a combined battery, they were successfully administered simultaneously, resulting in a more comprehensive overview of alcohol consumption/intoxication over the prolonged drinking session. However, the marked burden of simultaneous administration should be considered, and measures should be chosen judiciously based on research needs.
Homogeneous selection shapes free‐living and particle‐associated bacterial communities in subtropical coastal waters
Authors: Wu Wenxue , Xu Zhimeng , Dai Minhan , Gan Jianping , Liu Hongbin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimIn microbial biogeography, it is crucial to link spatial patterns with underlying drivers in natural ecosystems. Bacterial communities driving key biogeochemical processes in coastal zones, which are important interfaces between terrestrial and marine ecosystems, are affected by perturbations due to both natural and anthropogenic factors. However, the assembly of bacterioplankton communities, either free‐living (FL) or particle‐associated, in coastal ecosystems is still poorly understood.LocationCoastal South China Sea influenced by the Pearl River (SCSPR).MethodsIn this study, we investigated FL, nanoparticle‐associated (NA) and microparticle‐associated (MA) bacterial communities in the SCSPR, using environmental DNA metabarcoding based on the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. We assessed the relative importance of ecological processes using null model analyses based on a two‐step framework.ResultsWe found that the observed amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) increased from FL, NA to MA communities, and a remarkably pervasive core set of ASVs closely belonged to potential hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria with wide habitat niche breadths. Analyses of similarity tests revealed that FL, NA and MA communities differed significantly but weakly, based on unweighted (R = 0.27, p < .001) and weighted (R = 0.18, p < .001) dissimilarities. Fundamental regulation of bacterial communities via homogeneous selection was most prominent in FL (90%), followed by NA (86.8%) and MA (73.3%), whereas the relative importance of dispersal limitation was most pronounced in MA (13.2%), followed by NA (11.7%) and FL (8.6%).Main conclusionsBacterial communities in the SCSPR can be predominantly influenced by human activities, as indicated by the core ASVs closely related to hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria. Importantly, anthropogenic influences can temporally overwhelm the large environmental heterogeneities in coastal ecosystems. This study fills knowledge gaps in bacterial community assembly, which may facilitate future studies regarding anthropogenic influences on coastal ecosystems.
Impact of landscape fragmentation and climate change on body size variation of bumblebees during the last century
Authors: Gérard Maxence , Marshall Leon , Martinet Baptiste , Michez Denis 
Published: November 2020

Body size is a key parameter of organism fitness. While the impact of climate change on body size has received increasing attention, the long‐term consequences of landscape fragmentation are still poorly known. These two major global threats may potentially induce opposite trends: the decrease of body size in warmer environments (e.g. individuals developing faster) or the selection of larger individuals in fragmented habitats (e.g. large individuals more capable of reaching distant patches).We assessed the relationship between temperature and landscape fragmentation with mean body size during the last century, within four European regions (Austria, Belgium, England and above the Arctic circle in Scandinavia) and among queens of five bumblebee species. At the regional scale, we first analysed the variation over time of body size and the two hypothesised drivers, temperature and landscape fragmentation. Then, at the local landscape scale, we tested whether body size varied according to these drivers irrespective of the region. At the regional level, we observed a statistically clear increase of queen body size corresponding to an increase of landscape fragmentation (i.e. in Belgium and England). There was no increase of size when fragmentation did not increase (i.e. in Austria and above the Arctic Circle). Temperature also increased through time in all regions. At the local landscape scale, we found that all species were impacted by changes in both climate and landscape fragmentation but show different trends. The body size of the two largest species significantly increased at landscape level with higher fragmentation while body size of the two smallest species decreased with higher fragmentation. We highlight that, in a context of global changes, landscape fragmentation can also be a major driver of body size clines. Depending on the dispersal abilities of species, larger species could be positively selected for and overcome landscape fragmentation.
Mutational spectrum of GNAL, THAP1 and TOR1A genes in isolated dystonia: study in a population from Spain and systematic literature review
Authors: Gómez‐Garre Pilar , Jesús Silvia , Periñán María Teresa , Adarmes Astrid , Alonso‐Canovas Araceli , Blanco‐Ollero Alberto , Buiza‐Rueda Dolores , Carrillo Fátima , Catalán‐Alonso María José , del Val Javier , Escamilla‐Sevilla Francisco , Espinosa‐Rosso Raúl , Fernández‐Moreno María Carmen , García‐Moreno José Manuel , García‐Ruiz Pedro José , Giacometti‐Silveira Sandra , Gutiérrez‐García Javier , López‐Valdés Eva , Macías‐García Daniel , Martínez‐Castrillo Juan Carlos , Martínez‐Torres Irene , Medialdea‐Natera María Pilar , Mínguez‐Castellanos Adolfo , Moya Miguel Ángel , Ochoa‐Sepulveda Juan José , Ojea Tomás , Rodríguez Nuria , Sillero‐Sánchez Miriam , Tejera‐Parrado Cristina , Mir Pablo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the prevalence of TOR1A, GNAL and THAP1 variants as the cause of dystonia in a cohort of Spanish patients with isolated dystonia and in the literature.MethodsA population of 2028 subjects (including 1053 patients with different subtypes of isolated dystonia and 975 healthy controls) from southern and central Spain was included. The genes TOR1A, THAP1 and GNAL were screened using a combination of high‐resolution melting analysis and direct DNA resequencing. In addition, an extensive literature search to identify original articles (published before 10 August 2020) reporting mutations in TOR1A, THAP1 or GNAL associated to dystonia was performed.ResultsPathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in TOR1A, THAP1 and GNAL were identified in 0.48%, 0.57% and 0.29% of our patients, respectively. Five patients carried the variation p.Glu303del in TOR1A. A very rare variant in GNAL (p.Ser238Asn) was found as a putative risk factor for dystonia.In the literature, variations in TOR1A, THAP1 and GNAL accounted for about 6%, 1.8% and 1.1% of published dystonia patients, respectively.ConclusionsThere is a different genetic contribution to dystonia of these three genes in our patients (about 1.3% of patients) and in the literature (about 3.6% of patients), probably due the high proportion of adult‐onset cases in our cohort. As regards age at onset, site of dystonia onset, and final distribution, in our population there is a clear differentiation between DYT‐TOR1A and DYT‐GNAL, with DYT‐THAP1 likely to be an intermediate phenotype.
Radiological prevalence of osteoarthritis of the cervical region in 104 performing Warmblood jumpers
Authors: Espinosa‐Mur Pablo , Phillips Kathryn L. , Galuppo Larry D. , DeRouen Anthony , Benoit Philippe , Anderson Eleanor , Shaw Karen , Puchalski Sarah , Peters Duncan , Kass Philip H. , Spriet Mathieu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundCervical osteoarthritis (OA) has been documented as a potential source of pain and poor performance in sport horses.ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of cervical OA in a population of Warmblood jumpers and its correlation with age, level of performance, neck pain and mobility.Study designDescriptive observational study.MethodsWarmblood jumpers free of lameness or neurological disorders were selected. Cervical pain and range of motion of the neck were subjectively assessed. Left to right lateral views were taken at C3‐C4, C4‐C5, C5‐C6 and C6‐C7. The presence of OA at the cervical articular process joints (APJs) was evaluated and graded as absent, mild or moderate to severe by three board‐certified radiologists. The agreement between radiologists and the potential associations between OA grades with age and other variables were statistically assessed (P < .05).ResultsOne hundred and four horses were included [median age = 10 years (range 6‐18 years)]. Agreement between radiologists varied from fair to substantial (Kappa‐weighted 0.37‐0.61). The C6‐C7 APJ was most commonly affected by OA with only 32.7% of APJ considered free of radiographic abnormalities at this location versus 60.5% at C5‐C6, 81.7% at C4‐C5 and 84.6% at C3‐C4. Horses competing in higher level classes (peak of performance) had significantly higher OA grades at C6‐C7 (P = .013). There was no association between age, age when started jumping, neck pain and neck range of motion with the presence of OA on radiographs.Main limitationsOpen enrolment and lack of orthogonal views.ConclusionsThis study showed that, although there is a range of interpretation of radiographic findings of the APJ, OA of the caudal cervical region is not rare in performing sound Warmblood jumpers. This suggests that OA in the caudal cervical region may be of low clinical significance.
The heterogeneity of agglomeration effect: Evidence from Chinese cities
Authors: Wang Wenwen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUsing annual surveys of industrial firms in China from 1998 to 2007, this paper applies the non‐linear least squares (NLS) method based on a grid search to analyse the effect of city size on firm total factor productivity (TFP). The results show that overall, the agglomeration effects in large cities, but not selection effects, significantly promote improvement in firm TFP. The optimal agglomeration scales of different industries differ as follows: those of capital‐ and technology‐intensive industries are larger than those of labour‐intensive industries. The agglomeration effects are also robust to different spatial areas without considering administrative boundaries. An inverted U‐shaped relationship exists between firm size and agglomeration effects, while the relationship between firm age and agglomeration effects is U‐shaped. State‐owned firms experience weaker agglomeration effects than non‐state‐owned firms. Cities higher in the administrative hierarchy and those with special economic zones have stronger agglomeration effects. However, cities higher in the administrative hierarchy and those with a larger economic development zone index can provide more resources to increase the survival rate of low‐productivity firms; thus, selection effects are not significant in Chinese cities.