bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Group Identification and Support for the Supreme Court: Evidence from Evangelical Protestants
Authors: Kromphardt Christopher D. , Smith Joseph L. , Starling Anderson M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractResearch on the determinants of the U.S. Supreme Court's institutional support among the public focuses on three factors at the level of the individual, including satisfaction with its performance, knowledge of the judiciary, and support for democratic values. Evidence from the group level has revealed that the relative importance of these factors can vary, despite the predictions of positivity theory that the effects of all factors should be similar across all subsets of the U.S. population. We seek to explain this inconsistency between theory and evidence through an analysis of evangelical Protestants, a politically powerful and theoretically compelling group. Drawing on group‐based studies, we develop a principled account of when group members will base their institutional support more strongly than others do on their satisfaction with the Court's recent performance, and identify defining features of the information environment of evangelical Protestants that satisfy the model's components. We report evidence from a national survey that the effects of all three major factors differ systematically for evangelical Protestants. We discuss implications of our analysis for an ongoing debate over positivity theory and for identifying other groups for whom institutional and specific support will be strongly linked.
From habitus to pragma: a phenomenological critique of Bourdieu's habitus
Authors: Pula Besnik 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBourdieu's concept of habitus relies heavily on insights from phenomenology, yet his theoretical effort falls short of existing phenomenological solutions to the problems of cognition, agency, and reflexivity in social action. These shortcomings are evident in the analytical and descriptive failures of the concept of habitus documented by critics. Turning to the work of Alfred Schutz, this paper offers his concept of pragma, meaning context, and theory of relevances as an alternative way to describe the embodied and temporal nature of social action and accounting for social determinations. The paper further parses out key differences between Schutz's social phenomenological understanding of embodied action and Bourdieu's habitus, including differences in understanding schemas of standardization and their relation with objectivities of the social world. The paper ends with a call for a critical reassessment of Schutz's social phenomenology, with potentially wide ranging implications not only for understandings of agency, but also of meaning and the constitution of objectivities of the social world, as well the underlying interpretive method of social science.
Ki‐67/CD3 ratio in the diagnosis of chronic inflammatory enteropathy in dogs
Authors: Karlovits Sonja , Manz Anita , Allenspach Karin , Walter Ingrid , Kummer Stefan , Tichy Alexander , Richter Barbara , Burgener Iwan A. , Luckschander‐Zeller Nicole 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundT cells play a key role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) in dogs. Cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3) antigen serves as a marker for T cells. In human medicine, Ki‐67 is an indicator for cell growth but there are only a few studies in dogs with CIE.ObjectiveTo investigate Ki‐67 in relation to T cells as a marker for CIE in dogs.AnimalsEleven dogs with CIE and 6 healthy beagle controls (CO).MethodsRetrospective case‐control study. Dogs were clinically assessed by the Canine Chronic Enteropathy Clinical Activity Index (CCECAI). Duodenal mucosal biopsy samples were endoscopically obtained for histopathologic examination by means of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association score. Double‐labeled immunofluorescence was used to investigate colocalization of Ki‐67 and CD3 in epithelium and lamina propria (LP) of villi and crypts.ResultsDogs with CIE had significantly higher clinical score (median, 5.0; interquartile range [IQR], 3‐7) compared to CO (all 0; P < .001). The Ki‐67/CD3 double‐positive cells were significantly increased in the LP of the crypt region of CIE dogs (0.63 cells/mm2; IQR, 0‐0.54) versus CO (0.08 cells/mm2; IQR, 0‐0.26; P = .044). A significant correlation was found between CCECAI and the Ki‐67/CD3 ratio in the LP of the crypt region (r = 0.670; P = .012) in dogs with CIE.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe Ki‐67/CD3 ratio is upregulated in the LP crypt region of dogs with CIE and it correlates with clinical severity. Therefore, Ki‐67/CD3 could be a useful tool for detection of CIE.
Semi‐arid savanna herbaceous production and diversity responses to interactive effects of drought, nitrogen deposition, and fire
Authors: Hannusch Heather J. , Rogers William E. , Lodge Alexandra G. , Starns Heath D. , Tolleson Douglas R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractQuestionSavannas are globally widespread and furnish a variety of ecological services through their structural heterogeneity. Unfortunately, those essential ecosystem services are threatened by climate changes including expected increases in duration of drought and nitrogen deposition. The objective of this study was to determine how overall herbaceous production, functional group production and diversity respond in the short‐term to interactions between forecasted environmental conditions and prescribed fires.LocationWestern Edwards Plateau, Texas (latitude 31°N, longitude 100°W).MethodsWe randomly assigned full‐factorial treatment combinations of rainout shelters, simulated nitrogen deposition and prescribed fires to field plots in an herbaceous‐dominated area of a semi‐arid savanna. Aboveground net primary productivity (assessed via destructive harvest) and diversity (using Shannon’s index) were assessed as indicators of ecosystem functioning.ResultsTotal aboveground net primary production was reduced by fire in the short‐term (4 months), and reduced by drought at 8 months, but drought reductions were later overridden by lagged responses to large precipitation events (12 months). Forb production increased in response to nitrogen addition (8 months) and drought (12 months), but decreased as a result of fire (12 months). Live grass production was consistently reduced by drought. Plant species diversity was positively responsive to nitrogen addition, particularly in the absence of drought.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the concentrated precipitation events that are forecasted to follow extended droughts may aid rapid recovery of drought‐induced production decreases. In addition, the small‐scale diversity of this semi‐arid savanna may be driven more by resource availability than light‐competition in the short‐term. Managers and ecologists can use these results to help disentangle the ecosystem functioning that may be observed in the presence of future droughts, nitrogen deposition and prescribed fire. Understanding these processes will be key to protecting the integrity of savannas.
Risk of gallbladder cancer in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and radiographically detected gallbladder polyps
Authors: van Erp Liselot W. , Cunningham Morven , Narasimman Manasa , Ale Ali Hamideh , Jhaveri Kartik , Drenth Joost P. H. , Janssen Harry L. A. , Levy Cynthia , Hirschfield Gideon M. , Hansen Bettina E. , Gulamhusein Aliya F. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsPrimary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is associated with an increased risk of gallbladder cancer (GBC). Gallbladder polyps potentially harbour malignancy and thus international guidelines recommend prophylactic cholecystectomy for gallbladder polyps of any size in patients with PSC. To best inform patient care we sought to quantify the malignant risk of gallbladder polyps in patients with PSC.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of patients followed in secondary and tertiary care settings in two large PSC clinics in North America was performed.ResultsIn total, 453 patients were included with a median (IQR) follow‐up time of 7.7 (4.1‐12) years. A gallbladder polyp was radiographically detected in 16% (n = 71) with median size (range) of 4 (2‐18) mm. In this group, post‐cholecystectomy histology (n = 17) reported benign or no polyp in 77% (n = 13), dysplasia in 5.9% (n = 1) and malignancy in 18% (n = 3). The GBC rate was 8.8 (95% CI 1.8‐25.7) per 1000 person‐years in patients with a radiographically detected gallbladder polyp. GBC was associated with polyps >10 mm, interval growth or mass‐like lesions on pre‐operative imaging. In patients who did not have cholecystectomy (n = 50), the polyp was only transiently seen in 80% (n = 40), remained stable or decreased in size in 10% (n = 5) and increased in size in 6% (n = 3). The majority of gallbladder polyps did not show significant growth over time (0.041 mm/year [95% CI −0.017 to 0.249]).ConclusionsMost gallbladder polyps in patients with PSC are benign. Short‐term surveillance imaging may be considered prior to recommending immediate cholecystectomy in patients with PSC without high‐risk imaging features.
Weight, height, and midupper arm circumference are associated with haemoglobin levels in adolescent girls living in rural India: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ahankari Anand S. , Tata Laila J. , Fogarty Andrew W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe aimed to explore the association of physical parameters with haemoglobin (Hb) levels to test the hypothesis that impaired physical development is associated with anaemia. A cross‐sectional survey study recruited adolescent girls (13 to 17 years) living in rural areas of Maharashtra state of India. Data were collected on physical parameters include height, weight, and midupper arm circumference (MUAC). Hb levels were measured using Sahli's haemometer. Linear regression was conducted to test the hypothesis. Data were collected from 1,010 girls on physical parameter and Hb levels. The majority of the adolescent girls were diagnosed with anaemia (87%). The regression analysis adjusted for age gave a significant association of Hb levels with all three variables (MUAC, weight, and height). Hb increased by 0.11 g/dl with an each centimetre of increase in MUAC (95% confidence interval, CI, [0.08, 0.15], P < .001). Each kilogram of increase in the body weight showed an increase in Hb levels (0.02 g dl, 95% CI [0.01, 0.03], P = .001). With an each centimetre of increase in height, Hb increased by 0.01 g dl (95% CI [0.00, 0.02], P = .022). There was a consistent association between three measures of somatic growth and anaemia in the study population. It is likely that life‐course exposures from conception onwards contribute to this, and the public health implications are that preventing anaemia is a challenge that requires a multifaceted interventional approach. Understanding the importance of the timing of these life exposures will help design interventions that can achieve optimal results.
A systematic review of body mass gain after deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Steinhardt Julia , Münte Thomas F. , Schmid Sebastian M. , Wilms Britta , Brüggemann Norbert 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThis systematic review investigated the effects of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus on extent and time course of body mass changes in patients with Parkinson's disease. A computerized search identified relevant articles using a priori defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A descriptive analysis was calculated for the main outcome parameters body mass and BMI.Thirty‐eight out of 206 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria (979 patients aged 59.0±7.5 years). Considering the longest follow‐up time for each study, body mass and BMI showed a mean increase across studies of +5.71kg (p < .0001; d = 0.64) and +1.8kg/m2 (p < .0001; d = 1.61). The time course of body mass gain revealed a continuous increase ranging from +3.25kg (d = 0.69) at 3 months, +3.88kg (d = 0.21) at 6 months, +6.35kg (d = 0.72) at 12 months, and +6.11kg (d = 1.02) greater than 12 months. Changes in BMI were associated with changes in disease severity (r = 0.502, p = .010) and pharmacological treatment (r = 0.440, p = .0231).Data suggest that body mass gain is one of the most common side effects of deep brain stimulation going beyond normalization of preoperative weight loss. Considering the negative health implications of overweight, we recommend the development of tailored therapies to prevent overweight and associated metabolic disorders following this treatment.
The autonomic nervous system and ventricular arrhythmias in myocardial infarction and heart failure
Authors: Wu Perry , Vaseghi Marmar 
Published: December 2019

AbstractVentricular arrhythmias (VA) can range in presentation from asymptomatic to cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Sustained ventricular tachycardias/ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF) are a common cause of SCD in the setting of myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure. A particularly arrhythmogenic cardiac syncytia in these conditions can be attributed to both sympathetic activation and parasympathetic dysfunction, while appropriate neuromodulation has the potential to reduce occurrence of VT/VF. In this review, we outline the components of the autonomic nervous system that play an important role in normal cardiac electrophysiology and function. In addition, we discuss changes that occur in the setting of cardiac disease including adverse neural remodeling and neurohormonal activation which significantly contribute to propensity for VT/VF. Finally, we review neuromodulation strategies to mitigate VT/VF which predominantly rely on increasing parasympathetic drive and blockade of sympathetic neurotransmission.
Modeling the cardiac indices of stress and performance of nuclear power plant operators during simulated fault scenarios
Authors: Pakarinen Satu , Korpela Jussi , Karvonen Hannu , Laarni Jari 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAcute stress can affect cognitive processing and decrease performance in demanding, stressful situations. Here, we recorded the cardiac indices of stress, that is, the heart rate and heart rate variability together with the physical activity of nuclear power plant operators, and examined their association with crew performance, while the operator crews were managing simulated incident and accident situations. Crew performance was evaluated both by the operator instructor and as the time taken to resolve the situation. In total, 64% of the variance in the information‐seeking performance (adj‐R2 = .64, p < .01), and 41% of variation in the performance time (adj‐R2 = .41, p < .01) were explained by the psychophysiology. The cardiac measures indicated that increased stress was associated with poorer information‐seeking performance and longer performance time. Increased physical activity was associated with poorer information seeking only. Otherwise, crew performance was robust, as the diagnosis and corrective actions, use of emergency operations procedures, and collaboration, were only weakly associated with the stress physiology. The association between information‐seeking performance and stress might be explained by the larger requirement for cognitive processing at the information‐gathering phase of the task. The results of the study show that psychophysiological measurements of stress and activity can provide valuable information on stress and its association with cognitive performance at work.
A sixteenth‐century Russian Vita of Girolamo Savonarola
Authors: Akopyan Ovanes 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe article provides an annotated edition and an English translation of a sixteenth‐century Russian vita of Girolamo Savonarola composed in Muscovy by one of his followers, Maximus the Greek. This text is to be considered a unique document, which illustrates the extent to which Savonarolan ideas spread across Europe after his trial.
Tumour‐associated B cells in urothelial urinary bladder cancer
Authors: Zirakzadeh A. Ali , Sherif Amir , Rosenblatt Robert , Ahlén Bergman Emma , Winerdal Max , Yang David , Cederwall Johanna , Jakobsson Vivianne , Hyllienmark Martin , Winqvist Ola , Marits Per 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTumour infiltrating B cells and CD38+ plasma cells have been correlated with survival in different malignancies but their role in urinary bladder cancer is unclear. IL‐10 is a multifunctional cytokine with both anti‐inflammatory and immunostimulatory properties, that can be released by regulatory B cells (Bregs). We have stained paraffin‐embedded tumour sections from 31 patients with invasive urothelial urinary bladder cancer with respect to CD20+ B cells, CD38+ cells, IL‐10‐expressing cells, IgG, C1q and C3a and analysed the impact of these markers on survival. Interestingly, we observe tumour‐associated CD20+ B cells forming follicle‐like structures in tumours of some patients. We demonstrate that follicle‐like structures, tumour‐associated CD38+ cells, IL‐10 produced by non‐B cells, tumour infiltrating IgG and activation of the complement system, may associate to longer survival of urinary bladder cancer patients. IL‐10 expression by tumour‐associated Bregs may instead negatively affect prognosis. More research is needed to fully understand the role of B cells and IL‐10 in urinary bladder cancer.
Nucleic acid‐targeted pathogen reduction technique in red blood cells by UV‐generated oxygen radicals for optimising recipient safety
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Wu Chunxi , Fan Yahan , Xu Ting , Meng Qiang , Wang Shichun , Liu Qi , Yao Chunyan , Jiang Tianlun 
Published: December 2019

SUMMARYObjectivesA novel pathogen reduction technique based on vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation was developed to reduce pathogen numbers in red blood cell (RBC) components.BackgroundContaminated blood components pose a great risk of infection in blood recipients. The continuous development of blood screening techniques and pathogen inactivating systems has significantly reduced this risk, but many limitations remain.MethodsEscherichia coli and Bacillus cereus, and bacteriophage (BP) and Lentivirus (LV) were spiked into suspended red blood cells (sRBCs) or plasma. VUV light with maximum emission at 185 nm and an average dosage of 164 μW/cm2 was placed 5 cm above the targeted products to reduce the pathogen numbers.ResultsTreatment for 5 minutes was effective; 3 and 10 log reductions of E coli counts were observed in sRBCs and plasma, and 2 and 3 log reductions of B cereus counts were observed in sRBCs and plasma, respectively. The BP titre was reduced by two and five log points in sRBCs and plasma, respectively; the LV titre was reduced by at least three log points in both sRBCs and plasma. VUV‐based irradiation of RBCs does not cause significant structural and functional harmful effects. This novel strategy provides moderate photonic energy to generate oxygen radicals from H2O and O2 and to selectively decrease DNA integrity of the potential pathogens.ConclusionThe VUV‐based pathogen reduction technique is a simple and fast procedure with high pathogen reduction efficacy, low toxicity and limited adverse effects on cellular blood products.
Kmasker plants – a tool for assessing complex sequence space in plant species
Authors: Beier Sebastian , Ulpinnis Chris , Schwalbe Markus , Münch Thomas , Hoffie Robert , Koeppel Iris , Hertig Christian , Budhagatapalli Nagaveni , Hiekel Stefan , Pathi Krishna M. , Hensel Goetz , Grosse Martin , Chamas Sindy , Gerasimova Sophia , Kumlehn Jochen , Scholz Uwe , Schmutzer Thomas 
Published: December 2019

SummaryMany plant genomes display high levels of repetitive sequences. The assembly of these complex genomes using short high‐throughput sequence reads is still a challenging task. Underestimation or disregard of repeat complexity in these datasets can easily misguide downstream analysis. Detection of repetitive regions by k‐mer counting methods has proved to be reliable. Easy‐to‐use applications utilizing k‐mer counting are in high demand, especially in the domain of plants. We present Kmasker plants, a tool that uses k‐mer count information as an assistant throughout the analytical workflow of genome data that is provided as a command‐line and web‐based solution. Beside its core competence to screen and mask repetitive sequences, we have integrated features that enable comparative studies between different cultivars or closely related species and methods that estimate target specificity of guide RNAs for application of site‐directed mutagenesis using Cas9 endonuclease. In addition, we have set up a web service for Kmasker plants that maintains pre‐computed indices for 10 of the economically most important cultivated plants. Source code for Kmasker plants has been made publically available at https://github.com/tschmutzer/kmasker. The web service is accessible at https://kmasker.ipk-gatersleben.de.
Standing CT of the equine head: Reducing radiation dose maintains image quality
Authors: Davies Thomas , Skelly Cliona , Puggioni Antonella , D'Helft Catherine , Connolly Susan , Hoey Seamus 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMultiple published studies involving computed tomographic (CT) examinations of the equine head utilise a wide range of mAs parameters for image acquisition. This prospective, experimental study assessed the effects of lowering mAs during CT image acquisition on image quality and scatter radiation on 10 cadaver equine heads. Each head was scanned three times at 300, 225, and 150 mAs, with all other scanning parameters remaining constant between series. An anthropomorphic phantom was positioned adjacent to each equine head during image acquisition, mimicking a human bystander, with an ionization chamber attached to the phantom at eye level. Each series was reconstructed using filtered back projection, using medium (H30) and high (H80) frequency reconstruction algorithms. Quantitative image quality assessment was performed by calculating signal to noise ratio (SNR) and contrast to noise ratio (CNR). Two qualitative image quality assessments were performed independently by three blinded board certified veterinary radiologists with a 4 week interval, using a visual grade analysis model adapted from peer reviewed medical literature. Ionization chamber measurements, calculated volume CT dose index (CTDIvol), and dose‐length product (DLP) were recorded. Halving radiation dose during image acquisition from 300 to 150mAs resulted in comparable image quality between series. There was a statistically significant and linear relationship between mAs and scatter radiation to the bystander; halving mAs during image acquisition resulted in halving of scatter radiation. Results of this cadaveric study support the use of lower mAs settings during standing CT examinations of the equine head.