bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Irradiation‐free RIC HSCT has a tolerable safety profile and is effective therapy for pediatric bone marrow failure syndromes
Authors: Wang YunZu M. , Anderson Eric , Gloude Nicholas , Marion Ayesha , King Catherine , Leung Wing , Schiff Deborah 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFor patients with bone marrow failure syndromes (BMFS) who may tolerate gradual donor engraftment and achieve adequate disease control with stable mixed chimerism, RIC regimens may be preferable to myeloablative regimens. We performed a retrospective analysis of outcomes for patients who underwent HSCT at our institution between 2009 and 2017 for BMFS using an irradiation‐free RIC regimen. Fourteen pediatric patients with BMFS received fludarabine (30 mg/m2 IV daily × 3), thiotepa (5 mg/kg IV every 12 hours × 2), and melphalan (70 mg/m2 IV daily × 2) prior to HSCT. Our cohort included the following diagnoses: SAA (n = 7), CAMT (n = 4), SCN (n = 1), DBA (n = 1), and non‐Fanconi congenital BMF (n = 1). Seven patients underwent a MSD transplant; seven underwent an unrelated donor transplant. All patients are alive with median follow‐up of 1112 days (range 455‐2549 days). The median time to neutrophil engraftment was 16 days (range 10‐26 days). All were transfusion independent by day + 100. The highest grade of aGVHD was grade 2; 8 (57%) did not develop aGVHD. Four (28.5%) developed extensive cGVHD, 4 (28.5%) developed limited cGVHD, and 6 (43%) did not develop cGVHD. No patients developed SOS. None died from GVHD or infectious complications. HSCT with RIC with fludarabine, thiotepa, and melphalan for BMFS was effective with a tolerable safety profile. Probability of OS at 100 days and 1 year was 100%.
The German Employment Agency's measures for integrating the long‐term unemployed with multiple constraints into the labour market: Some individual experiences
Authors: Kerschbaumer Lukas , Boost Marie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNearly a decade after the Lisbon Strategy's formulation, long‐term unemployed individuals in Germany seem to lack opportunities on the labour market that their short‐term unemployed counterparts enjoy. Despite Germany's robust economic development and declining unemployment rates in the past, the German Federal Employment Agency (Bundesagentur für Arbeit) has nevertheless identified the ‘hardening of the long‐term unemployment situation’. This article illuminates the institutional measures taken by the BA, along with their promotional and inhibitory effects, as analysed in narrative interviews with long‐term unemployed individuals who transitioned into Germany's primary labour market despite multiple constraints. Although the BA provides a range of measures to promote integration into the labour market, the people affected have no binding claim to those services and measures, and many of the long‐term unemployed individuals that we interviewed revealed problematic consequences of institutional support received and described strategies for securing employment apart from the BA's institutional means.
Job search, transition to employment and discouragement among older unemployed welfare recipients in Germany
Authors: Nivorozhkin Anton , Nivorozhkin Eugene 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper quantifies the importance of active job search for the probability of re‐employment, estimates the share of older job seekers that become discouraged and explore factors that may lead to discouragement. We use the sample of older unemployed welfare benefit recipients in Germany covered by the Panel Study “Labour Market and Social Security” (PASS). We find that employment transition rates are low for older job seekers: only around 11% found a job within a year. Participation in job search is an important but not a decisive factor for the transition to employment, other variables such education levels and health status are as important for the probability to transit to employment. Furthermore, more than 29.4% of individuals that did not find employment gave up the job search. We argue that a large share of these group of unemployed could be classified as discouraged. The job centre caseworkers' strategies specifically aimed at helping older job seekers to develop a new perspective in the labour market are likely to increase their probability of continuing to search for work.
3d phase‐contrast nanotomography of unstained human skin biopsies may identify morphological differences in the dermis and epidermis between subjects
Authors: Eckermann Marina , Peruzzi Niccolò , Frohn Jasper , Bech Martin , Englund Elisabet , Veress Béla , Salditt Tim , Dahlin Lars B. , Ohlsson Bodil 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundEnteric neuropathy is described in most patients with gastrointestinal dysmotility and may be found together with reduced intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD). The aim of this pilot study was to assess whether three‐dimensional (3d) imaging of skin biopsies could be used to examine various tissue components in patients with gastrointestinal dysmotility.Material and methodsFour dysmotility patients of different etiology and two healthy volunteers were included. From each subject, two 3‐mm punch skin biopsies were stained with antibodies against protein gene product 9.5 or evaluated as a whole with two X‐ray phase‐contrast computed tomography (CT) setups, a laboratory µCT setup and a dedicated synchrotron radiation nanoCT end‐station.ResultsTwo patients had reduced IENFD, and two normal IENFD, compared with controls. µCT and X‐ray phase‐contrast holographic nanotomography scanned whole tissue specimens, with optional high‐resolution scans revealing delicate structures, without differentiation of various fibers and cells. Irregular architecture of dermal fibers was observed in the patient with Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome and the patient with idiopathic dysmotility showed an abundance of mesenchymal ground substance.Conclusions3d phase‐contrast tomographic imaging may be useful to illustrate traits of connective tissue dysfunction in various organs and to demonstrate whether disorganized dermal fibers could explain organ dysfunction.
Investigation of the 2D assumption in the image‐based inertial impact test
Authors: Van Blitterswyk Jared , Fletcher Lloyd , Pierron Fabrice 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe image‐based inertial impact (IBII) test has shown promise for measuring properties of composites at strain rates where existing test methods become unreliable due to inertial effects (> 102 s−1). Typically, the IBII tests are performed with a single camera, and therefore, to use surface measurements for material property identification, it is necessary to assume that the test is two‐dimensional. In this work, synchronised ultra‐high‐speed cameras are used to quantify the relevance of this assumption when nonuniform, through‐the‐thickness loading is applied to interlaminar samples. Initial experiments revealed that an angular misalignment of approximately 1° between the impact faces of the waveguide and projectile created a bending wave that propagated along the sample behind the axial pulse. Even under these conditions, consistent measurements of stiffness were made by assuming a linear distribution of the behaviour through‐the‐thickness. When the misalignment was reduced to 0.2°, the effects on single‐sided measurements were significantly reduced. The two alignment cases were compared to show that three‐dimensional loading had a small effect on stiffness identification (approximately 5% bias) relative to failure stress (approximately 30% bias). This study highlights the importance of impact alignment for reliable characterisation of the interlaminar failure stress and was used to establish guidelines for diagnosing loading issues from single‐sided measurements.
“BURSTING THE BUBBLE”: Service learning in schools
Authors: Pilling Rachel , Mollaney Jenna , Chandauka Rumbidzai , Barai Ishani , Parekh Ravi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAt Imperial College, we developed a novel teaching programme for medical students based within a local primary school, with the aim of developing students’ teaching skills and centring social accountability in our curriculum. Similar service‐learning programmes have shown significant benefit for student participants, including: improving communication skills, developing an understanding of the social determinants of health, and increased empathy. In partnership with a local primary school, the programme involved a group of medical students designing, developing and delivering a teaching session to primary school children.MethodsMedical students completed written reflections on the programme and semi‐structured interviews were conducted with teachers who had participated in the programme. These were then thematically analysed.ResultsThemes from student reflections included: improvement in teaching and communication skills; and an increased awareness of social accountability. Themes from teacher interviews included: benefits of an aspirational figure in the school; engagement of the children; and the ongoing inspirational benefit for the pupils.DiscussionOur analysis suggested students and the school community benefitted. Students reported the experience was an effective way to learn teaching skills and to improve their communication with children. The programme delivered skills transferrable to other clinical contexts including leadership and behavioural management, adaptability and creative thinking. Teacher interviews suggested the programme was mutually beneficial. The framing of medical students as role models raised the possibility that such programmes may help tackle the challenge of widening participation in medicine. We would recommend medical educators to consider developing other mutually beneficial service‐learning programmes.
Does globalisation alleviate polarisation?
Authors: Fang Jianchun , Gozgor Giray , Yan Cheng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the effects of globalisation on polarisation in a panel data set of 149 countries between 2000 and 2017. We consider the Revisited KOF Globalisation indices and two measures of polarisation: polarisation of society and political polarisation. The findings show that globalisation decreases polarisation. We also separate de jure and de facto measures of globalisation and observe significant suppressing effects of the de facto and de jure indices of globalisation on both indicators of polarisation. In addition, we find that economic and political globalisation measures are negatively related to polarisation indicators. The baseline findings are robust to estimate different models and to use different econometric procedures. Finally, we address potential issues with endogeneity, omitted variable bias, outliers and reverse causality.
Differences Between Magnet and Non‐Magnet‐Designated Hospitals in Nurses’ Evidence‐Based Practice Knowledge, Competencies, Mentoring, and Culture
Authors: Melnyk Bernadette Mazurek , Zellefrow Cindy , Tan Alai , Hsieh Andreanna Pavan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundObtaining Magnet recognition is important to hospitals as it has been linked to positive nursing and patient outcomes. Evidence‐based practice (EBP) also has been shown to positively impact these same outcomes. However, the effect that Magnet designation has on different facets of EBP when compared to non‐designated institutions is less understood.AimsTo determine the differences between Magnet‐designated versus non‐Magnet‐designated hospitals on nurses’ EBP knowledge, competency, mentoring, and culture.MethodsA secondary analysis was performed on data obtained from the Melnyk et al. (2018) national study of U.S. nurses’ EBP competencies.Results2,344 nurses completed the survey (n = 1,622 Magnet and n = 638 non‐Magnet). Magnet‐designated hospital nurses had higher scores in EBP knowledge (mean ± SD: 19.9 ± 6.8 vs. 19.1 ± 7.0, Cohen’s d = 0.12), mentoring (22.6 ± 11.1 vs. 18.6 ± 10.1, d = 0.38), and culture (82.9 ± 21.8 vs. 74.1 ± 21.3, d = 0.41). There was no difference between the two groups in EBP competency scores (53.8 ± 16.2 vs. 53.0 ± 15.9, d = 0.05), and average scores for the 24 EBP competency items were less than competent in both groups.Linking Evidence to PracticeDespite having higher knowledge, stronger perceived EBP cultures, and greater EBP mentoring than non‐Magnet‐designated nurses, Magnet nurses did not meet the EBP competencies. A tremendous need exists to provide nurses with the knowledge and skills to achieve the EBP competencies in both Magnet and non‐Magnet‐designated hospitals. A critical mass of EBP mentors who also meet the EBP competencies is needed to work with point‐of‐care nurses to ensure that EBP competency is achieved in order to ultimately ensure healthcare quality and safety. Rigorous studies are needed to determine which interventions at the academic and clinical education level result in improved EBP competency.
Forced Vibration Tests for In-Line Vortex-Induced Vibration to Assess Partially Strake-Covered Pipeline Spans
Authors: Wu Jie , Yin Decao , Passano Elizabeth , Lie Halvor , Peek Ralf , Sequeiros Octavio E. , Ang Sze Yu , Bernardo Chiara , Atienza Meliza 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHelical strakes can suppress vortex-induced vibrations (VIVs) in pipelines spans and risers. Pure in-line (IL) VIV is more of a concern for pipelines than for risers. To make it possible to assess the effectiveness of partial strake coverage for this case, an important gap in the hydrodynamic data for strakes is filled by the reported IL forced-vibration tests. Therein, a strake-covered rigid cylinder undergoes harmonic purely IL motion while subject to a uniform “flow” created by towing the test rig along SINTEF Ocean's towing tank. These tests cover a range of frequencies, and amplitudes of the harmonic motion to generate added-mass and excitation functions are derived from the in-phase and 90 deg out-of-phase components of the hydrodynamic force on the pipe, respectively. Using these excitation- and added-mass functions in VIVANA together with those from experiments on bare pipe by Aronsen (2007 “An Experimental Investigation of In-Line and Combined In-Line and Cross-Flow Vortex Induced Vibrations,” Ph.D. thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.), the IL VIV response of partially strake-covered pipeline spans is calculated. It is found that as little as 10% strake coverage at the optimal location effectively suppresses pure IL VIV.
Strength Against Fracture of End Hemispherical Cavity Roller Under Static Loading: Experimental and Simulation Investigation
Authors: Chhotani Paresh C. , Vakharia Dipak P. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Enhancement in fatigue life of the rolling-element bearing has been captivating since years. The hollow concept had been triggered years back; however, it could not catch widespread applications due to catastrophic failure. Thus, any novel concept of the rolling element must be assessed for its strength against catastrophic failure before competing for better fatigue life on field with other alternatives. This paper commences with the outcomes of the comparative assessment of the experimental evaluation of strength against fracture under static loads for layered and hollow rollers with solid rollers, which devise the requirements for new concepts. The end hemispherical cavity (EHC) roller concept, being a proper geometrical blending of solidity and hollowness, prospects to overcome the strength concern along with a considerable reduction in contact stresses. Thus, experimental investigation was conducted with full-bearing fracture tests and individual roller specimens fracture tests for five variants: EHC, solid, layered, 61H, and 37H (hollow rollers with 61% and 37% hollowness, respectively). The simulations were carried out to support the outcomes of experimental trials. The experimental results with full-bearing samples and individual roller specimens demonstrated ranking as follows: EHC, 37H, layered, and 61H. The EHC roller concept was substantiated to be stronger than hollow and layered rollers besides prompting appreciable reduction in contact stresses compared with the solid roller. The simulation results agreed well with experimental results of fracture tests, and the recommendations from findings of failure theories (maximum normal stress, distortion energy, and maximum shear stress) adopted for estimating fracture load for rollers have been discussed.
Influence of Equation-of-States on Supercritical CO2 Combustion Mixtures
Authors: (Raghu) Manikantachari K.R.V. , Rahman Ramees K. , Martin Scott M. , Velez Carlos , Vasu Subith S. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Fossil fuel based direct-fired supercritical CO2 (sCO2) cycles are gaining the attention of industry, academia, and government due to their remarkable efficiency and carbon capture at high-source temperatures. Modeling plays an important role in the development of sCO2 combustors because experiments are very expensive at the designed operating conditions of these direct-fired cycles. Inaccurate density estimates are detrimental to the simulation output. Hence, this work focuses on comprehensive evaluation of the influence and applicability of various equation-of-states (EOS) which are being used in the supercritical combustion modeling literature. A state-of-the-art supercritical combustion modeling methodology is used to simulate counter-flow supercritical CO2 flames by using various equation-of-states. The results show that using the corresponding state principle to evaluate compressibility factor is not accurate. Also, van der Waal type EOSs predictions can be as accurate as complex Benedict–Webb–Rubin EOSs; hence van der Waal EOSs are more suitable to simulate sCO2 combustor simulations. Non-ideal effects are significant under the operating conditions considered in this work. The choice of EOS significantly influences the flame structure and heat release rate. Also, assuming the binary interaction parameter as zero is reasonable in sCO2 combustion simulations.
Development of a Polyacrylamide-Based Mud Formulation for Loss Circulation Treatments
Authors: Magzoub Musaab I. , Salehi Saeed , Hussein Ibnelwaleed , Nasser Mustafa 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Loss circulation materials in the last two decades have witnessed a lot of developments and implementations. New technologies and materials are introduced to treat various types of loss zones. However, the success rate is still very low due to many uncertainties in the selection of types and particle size of the bridging materials. In addition, there are many operational restrictions such as the risk of plugging and pumping difficulties when large size of particle is needed, especially in deep-water drilling. In this study, polyacrylamide (PAM) crosslinked with polyethylenimine (PEI) is introduced as polymer-based mud for loss circulation treatment. The PAM/PEI systems have wide applications in water shutoff for high water production zones and are known for their strong gel and exceptional rheological properties. This study provides a rheological method for screening of PAM/PEI-based drilling formulation with optimized molecular weight and concentrations. Comparative analysis of rheology of non-crosslinked and crosslinked polyacrylamide with other drilling fluids additives as well as proper mixing procedures are provided. The results achieved in this study are used as a strong tool to design a polymer-based mud with competitive rheological properties which achieved an 80% reduction in fluid loss when compared with other conventional loss circulation materials.
Climate of the Last Glacial Maximum on the western Olympic Peninsula based on insect paleoecology, palynology, and glacial geology
Authors: Ashworth* Allan C. , Thackray* Glenn D. , Gavin* Daniel G. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTClimate during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) varied substantially across North America, strongly influencing changes in plant and animal distributions and causing variations in the timing and relative magnitude of ice expansion and recession. The Olympic Peninsula is a mountainous maritime terrain in northwestern Washington, where the climate today is most strongly influenced by Pacific weather systems. However, what about during the LGM, when ice sheets covered most of northern North America? Fossil beetle assemblages of LGM age contain species that currently inhabit riparian and lacustrine habitats in the boreal zone of Canada and Alaska, and in higher elevations in the Cascades and Rocky Mountains. They include three Olophrum species that today are unknown from the Olympic Peninsula. Olophrum consimile is especially well represented, and its occurrence today above 1000 m elevation in the Cascades of northern Washington State indicates summers during the LGM would have been at least 4 °C cooler than today. The absence of wood-boring beetles, in contrast to assemblages from deposits correlating with marine isotope stage (MIS) 3, supports an open rather than a forested landscape. The insect fossils also include an undescribed species of a blind trechine ground beetle, likely endemic to the Pacific Northwest with biogeographic affinities to Asia. Pollen and plant macrofossil evidence for a Sitka spruce and mountain hemlock parkland with similarities to the vegetation of modern southeast Alaska also supports an interpretation of a climate with summer temperatures ~4 °C cooler than today. Both the vegetation and the insects provide evidence that the climate was wet with persistent snow cover and not as dry as has been reported from the Puget Lowland to the east. Glacial geology provides evidence that during the colder climate of the LGM, mountain glaciers advanced down the western valleys of the Olympic Peninsula to the lowlands but not as far as they had extended during MIS 3. The amount of climatic cooling on the Olympic Peninsula during the LGM was less than at similar latitudes in midcontinental or eastern North America, indicating a strong modulation of climate by the Pacific Ocean.