bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promising Medicinal Plants with Diuretic Potential Used in Brazil: State of the Art, Challenges, and Prospects
Authors: de Souza Priscila , Mariano Luísa Nathália Bolda , Cechinel-Zanchett Camile Cecconi , Cechinel-Filho Valdir 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMedicinal plants are used in traditional medicine to treat a wide range of ailments. The knowledge of them is handed down from generation to generation and is described in several pharmacopoeia and in the general literature. The immense biodiversity of the Brazilian flora, covering about 25% of all plant species worldwide, makes Brazil a huge potential source of medicinal plants. Indeed, many of these plant species are already used in the Brazilian ethnopharmacology for their probable effect to induce diuresis, to reduce fluid retention, and to treat cardiovascular and renal disorders. This review article describes and discusses the main native Brazilian medicinal plants (including some of their isolated compounds) used as diuretics. It also gives a comprehensive analysis of the most relevant scientific studies presented to date, as well as addressing a special topic with future prospects for plant species that have not yet been scientifically studied. In brief, several
plants can be indicated for more detailed study, with a view to obtain scientific subsidies for a new and effective diuretic medicine in the future. These include Bauhinia forficata, Leandra dasytricha, and Tropaeolum majus. Other species have reputed medicinal properties but lack experimental assays to demonstrate their pharmacological effects (e.g., Mikania hirsutissima, Phyllanthus niruri, and Tagetes minuta). Several active principles are indicated as responsible for the diuretic effects of the plants studied, with emphasis on phenolic compounds as flavonoids, phenolic acids, and xanthones. These results should encourage more detailed preclinical, clinical, and phytochemical investigations on Brazilian plants in the future.
Cytoreductive Surgery Combined with Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Peritoneal Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yano Hideaki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPeritoneal metastasis from colorectal cancer (PM-CRC) is used to be considered a systemic and fatal condition; however, it has been growingly accepted that PM-CRC can still be local disease rather than systemic disease as analogous to liver or lung metastasis.Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is now considered an optimal treatment for PM-CRC with accumulating evidence. There is a good reason that CRS + HIPEC, widely accepted as a standard of care for pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP), could be a viable option for PM-CRC given a similarity between PM-CRC and PMP.Recent years have also seen that modern systemic chemotherapy with or without molecular targeted agents can be effective for PM-CRC. It is possible that neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy combined with CRS + HIPEC could further improve outcomes.Patient selection, utilizing modern images and increasingly laparoscopy, is crucial. Particularly, diagnostic laparoscopy is likely to play a significant role in predicting the likelihood of achieving complete cytoreduction and assessing the peritoneal cancer index score.
Transplant Renal Artery Stenosis Revascularization: Common Distal External Iliac Bypass
Authors: Miyara Santiago J. , Ortiz Christopher C. , Guevara Sara , Molmenti Alexia , Tamayo-Enriquez Gerardo , Cho Young Min , Cagliani Joaquin A. , Molinas Jorge , Hayashida Kei , Shinozaki Koichiro , Takegawa Ryosuke , Krishnasastry K. V. , Becker Lance B. , Molmenti Ernesto P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStenosis proximal to transplant renal artery anastomoses are complications leading to allograft dysfunction. This study was aimed to evaluate a novel surgical approach to renal allograft revascularization, taking into consideration the length of time elapsed since transplantation. We describe an arterial bypass using a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) graft from the common iliac artery (proximal to the renal artery implantation) to the external iliac artery (distal to the renal artery implantation) that allows the adequate revascularization of both the transplant kidney, as well as the lower extremity. This technique provides several advantages when compared with previously described procedures to revascularize a transplanted kidney with an iliac artery stenosis proximal to the allograft implantation site. Benefits of this technique include (1) no need to repair the stenosis, (2) no need to take down and redo the arterial anastomosis, (3) no need to perform a dissection around the renal hilum of the transplanted kidney, (4) no requirement to address the anastomosis transfer, and (5) no need to perfuse the kidney with preservation fluid at the time of repair and/or (6) avoidance of potential injury to the renal parenchyma and/or hilum during dissections. Adequate perfusion of the organ, as well as of the lower extremity was verified by serial Doppler duplex ultrasound evaluations. Hence, we describe a novel revascularization technique in instances of kidney transplant and lower extremity ischemia.
Mepivacaine Spinal Anesthesia Facilitates Shorter Lengths of Stay and Fewer Urinary Complications in Total Hip Arthroplasty Compared to Bupivacaine
Authors: Shaw Jonathan H. , Mahan M. Chad , Jabara Justin , Jildeh Toufic R. , Davis Jason J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the shorter-acting spinal anesthetic mepivacaine versus bupivacaine in total hip arthroplasty (THA). We retrospectively reviewed a prospectively collected database from a single surgeon's contemporary cohort of 311 consecutive patients undergoing primary THA. Primary outcomes were urinary retention, length of stay (LOS), neuraxial complications, pain control, and opioid consumption. Statistical analysis with univariate logistic regression was performed followed by a multivariate analysis controlling for multiple factors to evaluate the effect of anesthetic on primary outcomes. The univariate analysis demonstrated those with mepivacaine required less postoperative catheterization (0.0 vs. 5.7%, p = 0.009). Multivariate analysis exhibited that the mepivacaine group had a higher average opioid requirement (morphine equivalence [MEQ] 0.64 ± 0.22 vs. 1.17 ± 0.23; p < 0.001), similar average pain scores (visual analog scale 1.96 ± 0.24 vs. 2.65 ± 0.25), a lower LOS (0.90 ± 0.15 vs. 1.19 ± 0.15, p < 0.001), and an almost 10 times higher chance for a same-day discharge (odds ratio 9.67, 3.72–25.15, p < 0.001). There were no neuraxial complications in either group and no need for conversion to general anesthesia with the shorter-acting mepivacaine. Mepivacaine for spinal anesthesia with THA produced a significant improvement in recovery time with less urinary complications, a shorter LOS, and a higher chance of same-day discharge. Pain was well controlled in both groups with slightly increased pain and MEQ in the early postoperative period.
Perforator-Pedicled Propeller Flaps for Lower Extremity Reconstruction
Authors: Ellabban Mohamed A. , Awad Ahmed I. , Hallock Geoffrey G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractReconstruction of the lower extremity is considered a major challenge due to frequent bone exposure and the absence of local tissue redundancy, as well as often due to the presence of vascular insufficiency. Many surgeons have preferred free flaps especially for reconstructing the more distal lower limb defects until the evolution of pedicled perforator flaps and propeller flaps in particular provided a like-with-like reconstruction of the lower extremity without affecting the main vessels of the limb or the underlying muscles, and without the risk of any microanastomosis especially in patients with multiple comorbidities. Perforator-pedicled propeller flaps as local flaps in the lower extremity are best suited for small- and medium-sized defects with minimal donor-site morbidity, regardless of the cause of the defect. Any of the three source vessels of the leg can provide reliable perforators for propeller flap coverage of the distal leg and foot. The three main risk factors that are relative contraindications may be advanced age, diabetes mellitus, and atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease.
Epidemiology, Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Venous Thromboembolism in Gastrointestinal Cancers
Authors: Chapin William J. , Sudheendra Preeti , Goity Luis , Sudheendra Deepak 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a leading cause of cardiovascular death and is associated with significant morbidity. Patients with cancer, and gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies in particular, are at increased risk of VTE, increased risk of bleeding with VTE treatment, and increased risk of recurrent VTE compared with the general population. VTE has been shown to be a leading cause of death among patients with cancer. This review will discuss special considerations in the prevention, diagnosis, and management of VTE in patients with GI malignancies. Given the increased risk of VTE observed in ambulatory patients with GI malignancies, multiple trials have examined and demonstrated the efficacy of prophylactic anticoagulation in high-risk patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, particularly in patients with gastric and pancreatic cancers. Patients with GI malignancies have also played a central role in discussions of the risks and benefits of the use of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with cancers, with first-line anticoagulation options expanding to include low-molecular-weight heparin, rivaroxaban, edoxaban, and apixaban. However, there continue to be concerns regarding an increased risk of bleeding with edoxaban and rivaroxaban in patients with GI malignancies. In addition to anticoagulation, individualized risk and benefit analysis should be undertaken for interventions including inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement and catheter-directed thrombolysis in the setting of increased risk of bleeding and recurrent VTE for patients with GI malignancies. Several unique scenarios that may be seen with GI malignancies, including incidental VTE, splanchnic vein thrombosis, IVC thrombosis, and iliac vein compression, require individualized decision making.
Mortality Rate and Prognostic Factors in Neonatal Tetanus: A 3-Year Analysis of Cases Presented to Turkey-Somalia Mogadishu Training and Research Hospital
Authors: Güdeloğlu Elif , Demirel Mustafa Enes 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate mortality rate and prognostic factors in neonatal tetanus cases presented to Turkey-Somalia Mogadishu Training and Research Hospital.
Methods A total of 35 neonatal tetanus cases presented to Turkey-Somalia Mogadishu Training and Research Hospital between 2014 and 2017 were included in this prospective observational study. Data on demographic, clinical and maternal obstetric characteristics, and laboratory findings including complete blood count and blood biochemistry were recorded in each patient. Study parameters were evaluated with respect to survivorship status, while multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine independent predictors of increased mortality risk.
Results Overall, mortality occurred in 22 (62.9%) of 35 neonates diagnosed with neonatal tetanus. Tetanus prophylaxis was absent in the majority of neonates, regardless of survivorship status (100.0% in nonsurvivors vs. 84.6% in survivors, p = 0.131). In nonsurvivor versus survivor groups, significantly higher likelihood of constipation (50.0 vs. 7.7%, p = 0.002), contracture (81.8 vs. 46.2%, p = 0.035), and ventilator support (95.4 vs. 53.8%, p = 0.006) as well as significantly lower hemoglobin (14.45 ± 2.06 vs. 17.15 ± 1.77, p = 0.003) and potassium (3.50 ± 0.86 vs. 4.14 ± 0.93, p = 0.003) levels and neutrophil (3.34 ± 1.75 vs. 4.47 ± 1.08, p = 0.047, white blood cell (WBC) (5.54 ± 2.30 vs. 7.78 ± 1.70, p = 0.003) and platelet (median [min-max] 133.5 [68–332] vs. 196 [123–550], p = 0.006) counts were noted. Presence of contracture (odds ratio [OR]: 14.525, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.398–150.870, p = 0.025) and ventilator support (OR: 22.282, 95% CI: 1.269–391.131, p = 0.034) was the independent determinants of increased risk of mortality.
Conclusion Our findings emphasize high mortality in neonatal tetanus cases in Somalia along with lack of maternal tetanus prophylaxis in majority of cases. Presence of contractures and ventilator support were significant determinants of poor survival, while factors such as constipation, lower hemoglobin, and potassium levels and lower neutrophil, WBC and platelet counts were also more common among nonsurvivors, albeit not found to be associated with mortality risk in the multivariate analysis.
Mechanism of Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Using a Bio 3D Conduit Derived from Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts
Authors: Yurie Hirofumi , Ikeguchi Ryosuke , Aoyama Tomoki , Ito Akira , Tanaka Mai , Noguchi Takashi , Oda Hiroki , Takeuchi Hisataka , Mitsuzawa Sadaki , Ando Maki , Yoshimoto Koichi , Akieda Shizuka , Nakayama Koichi , Matsuda Shuichi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground We previously reported the development of a scaffold-free Bio three-dimensional (3D) nerve conduit from normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). The aim of this study was to investigate the regenerative mechanism of peripheral nerve cells using a Bio 3D conduit in a rat sciatic nerve defect model.Methods Bio 3D conduits composed of NHDFs were developed, and cell viability was evaluated using a LIVE/DEAD cell viability assay immediately before transplantation and 1-week post-surgery. Tracking analysis using PKH26-labeled NHDFs was performed to assess the distribution of NHDFs within the regenerated nerve and the differentiation of NHDFs into functional Schwann cells (SCs).Results The assessment of the viability of cells within the Bio 3D conduit showed high cell viability both immediately before transplantation and 1-week post-surgery (88.56 ± 1.70 and 87.58 ± 9.11, respectively). A modified Masson's trichrome staining of the Bio 3D conduit revealed the formation of a prominent extracellular matrix (ECM) in between the cells. We observed, via tracking analysis, that the tube-like distribution of the NHDFs remained stable, the majority of the regenerated axons had penetrated this structure and PKH26-labeled cells were also positive for S-100.Conclusion Abundant ECM formation resulted in a stable tube-like structure of the Bio 3D conduit with high cell viability. NHDFs in the Bio 3D conduit have the potential to differentiate into SCs-like cells.
Decision to Incision and Risk for Fetal Acidemia, Low Apgar Scores, and Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy
Authors: Bousleiman Sabine , Rouse Dwight J. , Gyamfi-Bannerman Cynthia , Huang Yongmei , D'Alton Mary E. , Siddiq Zainab , Wright Jason D. , Friedman Alexander M. 
Published: September 2020

Objective This study aimed to assess risk for fetal acidemia, low Apgar scores, and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy based on decision-to-incision time interval in the setting of emergency cesarean delivery.Study Design This unplanned secondary analysis of the Maternal–Fetal Medicine Units prospective observational cesarean registry dataset evaluated risk for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, umbilical cord pH ≤7.0, and Apgar score ≤4 at 5 minutes based on decision-to-incision time for emergency cesarean deliveries. Cesarean occurring for nonreassuring fetal heart rate monitoring, bleeding previa, nonreassuring antepartum testing, placental abruption, or cord prolapse was classified as emergent. Decision-to-incision time was categorized as <10 minutes, 10 to <20 minutes, 20 to <30 minutes, 30 to <50 minutes, or ≥50 minutes. As secondary outcomes umbilical cord pH ≤7.1, umbilical artery pH ≤7.0, and Apgar score ≤5 at 5 minutes were analyzed.Results Of 5,784 women included in the primary analysis, 12.4% had a decision-to-incision interval ≤10 minutes, 20.2% 11 to 20 minutes, 14.9% 21 to 30 minutes, 18.2% 31 to 50 minutes, and 16.5% >50 minutes. Risk for umbilical cord pH ≤7.0 was highest at ≤10 and 11 to 20 minutes (10.2 and 7.9%, respectively), and lowest at 21 to 30 minutes (3.9%), 31 to 50 minutes (3.9%), and >50 minutes (3.5%) (p < 0.01). Risk for Apgar scores ≤4 at 5 minutes was also higher with decision-to-incision intervals ≤10 and 11 to 20 minutes (4.3 and 4.4%, respectively) compared with intervals of 21 to 30 minutes (1.7%), 31 to 50 minutes (2.1%), and >50 minutes (2.0%) (p < 0.01). Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy occurred in 1.5 and 1.0% of women with decision-to-incision intervals of ≤10 and 11 to 20 minutes compared with 0.3 and 0.5% for women with decision-to-incision intervals of 21 to 30 minutes and 31 to 50 minutes (p = 0.04). Risk for secondary outcomes was also higher with shorter decision-to-incision intervals.Conclusion Shorter decision-to-incision times were associated with increased risk for adverse outcomes in the setting of emergency cesarean.Key Points
Phobia: a corpus study of political diagnostics
Authors: Buts Jan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article is a rhetorical corpus study of the use of-phobiain online alternative media. The term phobia is used in the psychiatric domain to refer to a range of anxiety disorders, but is now also commonly used to identify social tensions. Terms such as transphobia and Islamophobia have within a few decades become central to contemporary political debate. The article examines in what way such coinages are used in a variety of online publications, and thus seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the entanglement of political and medical vocabulary. The study is based on data from the Genealogies of Knowledge Internet corpus, which are analysed in terms of collocation and other forms of linguistic patterning. The analysis reveals that online articles situated on the left of the political spectrum contain a large number of formulaic but open-ended lists of socio-political phobias, supplemented with other other undesirable attitudes such as sexism and racism. The article further reflects on the connections between the rhetoric of listing and intersectional analysis, on cultural conceptions of pathology, and on the polarised alignment of attitudes towards scientific and political issues in today’s public debate.
Targeting the histone demethylase PHF8-mediated PKCα-Src-PTEN axis in HER2-negative gastric cancer
Authors: Tseng Lin-Lu , Cheng Hsin-Hung , Yeh Ta-Sen , Huang Shih-Chiang , Syu Ya-Yun , Chuu Chih-Pin , Yuh Chiou-Hwa , Kung Hsing-Jien , Wang Wen-Ching 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Gastric cancer (GC), a deadly malignancy in the world, particularly in East Asia, remains a major clinical challenge given a lack of effective targeted treatments for advanced HER2-negative cases (80 to 88%). This work uncovers a PHF8/c-Jun-mediated axis that upregulates the expression of PKCα, triggering Src activation and PTEN inhibition. High PHF8-PKCα expression predicts worse prognosis in GC. Importantly, targeting the PKCα-Src-PTEN pathway by pharmacological inhibitors represents a new intervention strategy for HER2-negative gastric cancers.
Human-nature relationships in experiential meaning: transitivity system of Chinese from an ecolinguistic perspective
Authors: Zhang Ruijie , He Wei 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Following a systemic functional approach to ecolinguistic studies, this study explores the Chinese transitivity system's interpretative potential in revealing the dynamic relationship between human beings and their living places. The research extends the transitivity system under the ethical framework of Ecological Sense of Place, drawing on theories from human geography and traditional Chinese philosophies. Within such a premise, the system of process configurations and participants of Chinese process types are reinterpreted, arguing that both the participant and the process should be judged through an ecological lens concerning their function in construing the human-place relationships. The scale of influence and environmental stances of Participant roles is addressed, following a belief that every entity contains participative potential as -er/-ed role of a process. Place as a circumstantial role is expressly acknowledged for their contribution to circumscribe people-place relationships. Regarding the process types, a reconsideration of their emotive, cognitive and agentive features is proposed to reveal the embedded attitudes toward places. These observations extend the knowledge on how the transitivity system can be refined to show the speaker/writer's attitude toward the ecology and its further influences on the collective understanding of human-nature relationships.
Unified modelling of low-current short-length arcs between copper electrodes
Authors: Baeva M , F Boretskij V , Gonzalez D , Methling R , Murmantsev O , Uhrlandt D , Veklich A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this work, we present for the first time a unified model of a low-current short-length arc between copper electrodes. The model employs one-dimensional fluid description of the plasma in argon and copper vapour at atmospheric pressure and the heat transfer in the electrodes made of copper. The solution of the particle and energy conservation of electrons and heavy particles is coupled with the solution of the Poisson equation, from which the self-consistent electric field is obtained. The operation of the non-refractory cathode is based on thermo-field emission. Heat fluxes from the plasma to the electrodes are considered so that a phase change and evaporation from the cathode and a release of copper atoms into the plasma are taken into account. The influence of the copper atoms and ions on the plasma properties is analysed and discussed. The model’s predictions are compared with experimental data and a qualitative agreement is obtained besides the restrictions of the one-dimensional fluid model.
Optical absorption coefficient calculations of GaSb/GaAs quantum dots for intermediate band solar cell applications
Authors: Kunrugsa Maetee 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Absorption coefficients of GaSb/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) are calculated by the 8-band strain-dependent k· p method and Fermi’s golden rule. A more realistic but simple approach to model the QD ensemble with wetting layer is described. Effects of the QD size and density, and the GaAs spacer thickness for multi-stacked QDs on absorption characteristics are studied. Absorption spectra of the single QD, single layer of QDs, and multi-stacked QDs are presented and discussed. Interband absorption is found to be more intense than intraband absorption. The calculated absorption spectra are brought into the drift-diffusion model coupled with rate equations to determine the current density-voltage curves of the GaSb/GaAs QD solar cells, which are compared with measured data in literature for validation. The models proposed in this work are capable of predicting the short-circuit current density and open-circuit voltage of real devices, and would have the potential to investigate the impact of doping and position of the QD layers, which is necessary for intermediate band solar cell analysis and design.