bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Old dogs, new trick: classic cancer therapies activate cGAS
Authors: Yum Seoyun , Li Minghao , Chen Zhijian J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe discovery of cancer immune surveillance and immunotherapy has opened up a new era of cancer treatment. Immunotherapies modulate a patient’s immune system to specifically eliminate cancer cells; thus, it is considered a very different approach from classic cancer therapies that usually induce DNA damage to cause cell death in a cell-intrinsic manner. However, recent studies have revealed that classic cancer therapies such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy also elicit antitumor immunity, which plays an essential role in their therapeutic efficacy. The cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and the downstream effector Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) have been determined to be critical for this interplay. Here, we review the antitumor roles of the cGAS-STING pathway during tumorigenesis, cancer immune surveillance, and cancer therapies. We also highlight classic cancer therapies that elicit antitumor immune responses through cGAS activation.
A library of ab initio Raman spectra for automated identification of 2D materials
Authors: Taghizadeh Alireza , Leffers Ulrik , Pedersen Thomas G. , Thygesen Kristian S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRaman spectroscopy is frequently used to identify composition, structure and layer thickness of 2D materials. Here, we describe an efficient first-principles workflow for calculating resonant first-order Raman spectra of solids within third-order perturbation theory employing a localized atomic orbital basis set. The method is used to obtain the Raman spectra of 733 different monolayers selected from the Computational 2D Materials Database (C2DB). We benchmark the computational scheme against available experimental data for 15 known monolayers. Furthermore, we propose an automatic procedure for identifying a material based on an input experimental Raman spectrum and apply it to the cases of MoS2 (H-phase) and WTe2 (T$${}^{\prime}$$

′

-phase). The Raman spectra of all materials at different excitation frequencies and polarization configurations are freely available from the C2DB. Our comprehensive and easily accessible library of ab initio Raman spectra should be valuable for both theoreticians and experimentalists in the field of 2D materials.
BAP1 is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor linking chronic pancreatitis to pancreatic cancer in mice
Authors: Perkail Stephanie , Andricovich Jaclyn , Kai Yan , Tzatsos Alexandros 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChronic pancreatitis represents a risk factor for the development of pancreatic cancer. We find that heterozygous loss of histone H2A lysine 119 deubiquitinase BAP1 (BRCA1 Associated Protein-1) associates with a history of chronic pancreatitis and occurs in 25% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas and 40% of acinar cell carcinomas. Deletion or heterozygous loss of Bap1 in murine pancreata causes genomic instability, tissue damage, and pancreatitis with full penetrance. Concomitant expression of KrasG12D leads to predominantly intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and mucinous cystic neoplasms, while pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias are rarely detected. These lesions progress to metastatic pancreatic cancer with high frequency. Lesions with histological features mimicking Acinar Cell Carcinomas are also observed in some tumors. Heterozygous mice also develop pancreatic cancer suggesting a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor role for BAP1. Mechanistically, BAP1 regulates genomic stability, in a catalytic independent manner, and its loss confers sensitivity to irradiation and platinum-based chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer.
Characterization of a pluripotent stem cell-derived matrix with powerful osteoregenerative capabilities
Authors: McNeill Eoin P. , Zeitouni Suzanne , Pan Simin , Haskell Andrew , Cesarek Michael , Tahan Daniel , Clough Bret H. , Krause Ulf , Dobson Lauren K. , Garcia Mayra , Kung Christopher , Zhao Qingguo , Saunders W. Brian , Liu Fei , Kaunas Roland , Gregory Carl A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractApproximately 10% of fractures will not heal without intervention. Current treatments can be marginally effective, costly, and some have adverse effects. A safe and manufacturable mimic of anabolic bone is the primary goal of bone engineering, but achieving this is challenging. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), are excellent candidates for engineering bone, but lack reproducibility due to donor source and culture methodology. The need for a bioactive attachment substrate also hinders progress. Herein, we describe a highly osteogenic MSC line generated from induced pluripotent stem cells that generates high yields of an osteogenic cell-matrix (ihOCM) in vitro. In mice, the intrinsic osteogenic activity of ihOCM surpasses bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2) driving healing of calvarial defects in 4 weeks by a mechanism mediated in part by collagen VI and XII. We propose that ihOCM may represent an effective replacement for autograft and BMP products used commonly in bone tissue engineering.
Tug-of-war between actomyosin-driven antagonistic forces determines the positioning symmetry in cell-sized confinement
Authors: Sakamoto Ryota , Tanabe Masatoshi , Hiraiwa Tetsuya , Suzuki Kazuya , Ishiwata Shin’ichi , Maeda Yusuke T. , Miyazaki Makito 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSymmetric or asymmetric positioning of intracellular structures including the nucleus and mitotic spindle steers various biological processes such as cell migration, division, and embryogenesis. In typical animal cells, both a sparse actomyosin meshwork in the cytoplasm and a dense actomyosin cortex underneath the cell membrane participate in the intracellular positioning. However, it remains unclear how these coexisting actomyosin structures regulate the positioning symmetry. To reveal the potential mechanism, we construct an in vitro model composed of cytoplasmic extracts and nucleus-like clusters confined in droplets. Here we find that periodic centripetal actomyosin waves contract from the droplet boundary push clusters to the center in large droplets, while network percolation of bulk actomyosin pulls clusters to the edge in small droplets. An active gel model quantitatively reproduces molecular perturbation experiments, which reveals that the tug-of-war between two distinct actomyosin networks with different maturation time-scales determines the positioning symmetry.
Conditional teleportation of quantum-dot spin states
Authors: Qiao Haifeng , Kandel Yadav P. , Manikandan Sreenath K. , Jordan Andrew N. , Fallahi Saeed , Gardner Geoffrey C. , Manfra Michael J. , Nichol John M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAmong the different platforms for quantum information processing, individual electron spins in semiconductor quantum dots stand out for their long coherence times and potential for scalable fabrication. The past years have witnessed substantial progress in the capabilities of spin qubits. However, coupling between distant electron spins, which is required for quantum error correction, presents a challenge, and this goal remains the focus of intense research. Quantum teleportation is a canonical method to transmit qubit states, but it has not been implemented in quantum-dot spin qubits. Here, we present evidence for quantum teleportation of electron spin qubits in semiconductor quantum dots. Although we have not performed quantum state tomography to definitively assess the teleportation fidelity, our data are consistent with conditional teleportation of spin eigenstates, entanglement swapping, and gate teleportation. Such evidence for all-matter spin-state teleportation underscores the capabilities of exchange-coupled spin qubits for quantum-information transfer.
Giant spin hydrodynamic generation in laminar flow
Authors: Takahashi R. , Chudo H. , Matsuo M. , Harii K. , Ohnuma Y. , Maekawa S. , Saitoh E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHydrodynamic motion can generate a flux of electron-spin’s angular momentum via the coupling between fluid rotation and electron spins. Such hydrodynamic generation, called spin hydrodynamic generation (SHDG), has recently attracted attention in a wide range of fields, especially in spintronics. Spintronics deals with spin-mediated interconversion taking place on a micro or nano scale because of the spin-diffusion length scale. To be fully incorporated into the interconversion, SHDG physics should also be established in such a minute scale, where most fluids exhibit a laminar flow. Here, we report electric voltage generation due to the SHDG in a laminar flow of a liquid-metal mercury. The experimental results show a scaling rule unique to the laminar-flow SHDG. Furthermore, its energy conversion efficiency turns out to be about 105 greater than of the turbulent one. Our findings reveal that the laminar-flow SHDG is suitable to downsizing and to extend the coverage of fluid spintronics.
Versatile construction of van der Waals heterostructures using a dual-function polymeric film
Authors: Huang Zhujun , Alharbi Abdullah , Mayer William , Cuniberto Edoardo , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Shabani Javad , Shahrjerdi Davood 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe proliferation of van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures formed by stacking layered materials can accelerate scientific and technological advances. Here, we report a strategy for constructing vdW heterostructures through the interface engineering of the exfoliation substrate using a sub-5 nm polymeric film. Our construction method has two main features that distinguish it from existing techniques. First is the consistency of its exfoliation process in increasing the yield and in producing large (>10,000 μm2) monolayer graphene. Second is the applicability of its layer transfer process to different layered materials without requiring a specialized stamp—a feature useful for generalizing the assembly process. We demonstrate vdW graphene devices with peak carrier mobility of 200,000 and 800,000 cm2 V−1 s−1 at room temperature and 9 K, respectively. The simplicity of our construction method and its versatility to different layered materials may open doors for automating the fabrication process of vdW heterostructures.
Structural basis for chemokine receptor CCR6 activation by the endogenous protein ligand CCL20
Authors: Wasilko David Jonathan , Johnson Zachary Lee , Ammirati Mark , Che Ye , Griffor Matthew C. , Han Seungil , Wu Huixian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChemokines are important protein-signaling molecules that regulate various immune responses by activating chemokine receptors which belong to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. Despite the substantial progression of our structural understanding of GPCR activation by small molecule and peptide agonists, the molecular mechanism of GPCR activation by protein agonists remains unclear. Here, we present a 3.3-Å cryo-electron microscopy structure of the human chemokine receptor CCR6 bound to its endogenous ligand CCL20 and an engineered Go. CCL20 binds in a shallow extracellular pocket, making limited contact with the core 7-transmembrane (TM) bundle. The structure suggests that this mode of binding induces allosterically a rearrangement of a noncanonical toggle switch and the opening of the intracellular crevice for G protein coupling. Our results demonstrate that GPCR activation by a protein agonist does not always require substantial interactions between ligand and the 7TM core region.
Rab11b-mediated integrin recycling promotes brain metastatic adaptation and outgrowth
Authors: Howe Erin N. , Burnette Miranda D. , Justice Melanie E. , Schnepp Patricia M. , Hedrick Victoria , Clancy James W. , Guldner Ian H. , Lamere Alicia T. , Li Jun , Aryal Uma K. , D’Souza-Schorey Crislyn , Zartman Jeremiah J. , Zhang Siyuan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBreast cancer brain metastases (BCBM) have a 5-20 year latency and account for 30% of mortality; however, mechanisms governing adaptation to the brain microenvironment remain poorly defined. We combine time-course RNA-sequencing of BCBM development with a Drosophila melanogaster genetic screen, and identify Rab11b as a functional mediator of metastatic adaptation. Proteomic analysis reveals that Rab11b controls the cell surface proteome, recycling proteins required for successful interaction with the microenvironment, including integrin β1. Rab11b-mediated control of integrin β1 surface expression allows efficient engagement with the brain ECM, activating mechanotransduction signaling to promote survival. Lipophilic statins prevent membrane association and activity of Rab11b, and we provide proof-of principle that these drugs prevent breast cancer adaptation to the brain microenvironment. Our results identify Rab11b-mediated recycling of integrin β1 as regulating BCBM, and suggest that the recycleome, recycling-based control of the cell surface proteome, is a previously unknown driver of metastatic adaptation and outgrowth.
Efficient wettability-controlled electroreduction of CO2 to CO at Au/C interfaces
Authors: Shi Run , Guo Jiahao , Zhang Xuerui , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Han Zhaojun , Zhao Yunxuan , Shang Lu , Zhou Chao , Jiang Lei , Zhang Tierui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) represents a very promising future strategy for synthesizing carbon-containing chemicals in a more sustainable way. In spite of great progress in electrocatalyst design over the last decade, the critical role of wettability-controlled interfacial structures for CO2RR remains largely unexplored. Here, we systematically modify the structure of gas-liquid-solid interfaces over a typical Au/C gas diffusion electrode through wettability modification to reveal its contribution to interfacial CO2 transportation and electroreduction. Based on confocal laser scanning microscopy measurements, the Cassie-Wenzel coexistence state is demonstrated to be the ideal three phase structure for continuous CO2 supply from gas phase to Au active sites at high current densities. The pivotal role of interfacial structure for the stabilization of the interfacial CO2 concentration during CO2RR is quantitatively analysed through a newly-developed in-situ fluorescence electrochemical spectroscopic method, pinpointing the necessary CO2 mass transfer conditions for CO2RR operation at high current densities.
Applying lessons from the Ebola vaccine experience for SARS-CoV-2 and other epidemic pathogens
Authors: Wolf Jayanthi , Bruno Samantha , Eichberg Michael , Jannat Risat , Rudo Sharon , VanRheenen Susan , Coller Beth-Ann 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe world is experiencing an unprecedented global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by a novel coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Development of new vaccines and therapeutics are important to achieve long-term prevention and control of the virus. Experience gained in the development of vaccines for Ebola virus disease provide important lessons in the regulatory, clinical, and manufacturing process that can be applied to SARS-CoV-2 and other epidemic pathogens. This report outlines the main lessons learned by Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA (MSD) during development of an Ebola Zaire vaccine (ERVEBO®) and looks ahead to critical lessons beyond vaccine development. It highlights focus areas for public-private partnership and regulatory harmonization that can be directly applied to current vaccine development efforts for SARS-CoV-2, while drawing attention to the need for parallel consideration of issues beyond development that are equally important to achieve global preparedness and response goals.
Influence of sulfate on anion exchange membranes in reverse electrodialysis
Authors: Pintossi Diego , Chen Chieh-Li , Saakes Michel , Nijmeijer Kitty , Borneman Zandrie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractReverse electrodialysis (RED) is a technology producing renewable energy from the mixing of river and seawater. In natural salinity gradients, multivalent ions are present, which lead to a reduced RED power output. Transport of multivalent ions against the concentration gradient and their trapping inside the membranes leads to a lower driving force and increased membrane resistance. The present work focuses on the effect of sulfate ions on anion exchange membranes in RED. A monovalent ion selective membrane ability to retain a higher open circuit voltage is offset by the higher resistance in the presence of sulfate, leading to losses in normalized power outputs (−25%) comparable to a standard grade membrane. Longer term experiments revealed that membrane resistance increases over time. This study highlights the need to address uphill transport, resistance increase, and decreased permselectivity of anion exchange membranes in presence of multivalent ions.
Neural and physiological data from participants listening to affective music
Authors: Daly Ian , Nicolaou Nicoletta , Williams Duncan , Hwang Faustina , Kirke Alexis , Miranda Eduardo , Nasuto Slawomir J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMusic provides a means of communicating affective meaning. However, the neurological mechanisms by which music induces affect are not fully understood. Our project sought to investigate this through a series of experiments into how humans react to affective musical stimuli and how physiological and neurological signals recorded from those participants change in accordance with self-reported changes in affect. In this paper, the datasets recorded over the course of this project are presented, including details of the musical stimuli, participant reports of their felt changes in affective states as they listened to the music, and concomitant recordings of physiological and neurological activity. We also include non-identifying meta data on our participant populations for purposes of further exploratory analysis. This data provides a large and valuable novel resource for researchers investigating emotion, music, and how they affect our neural and physiological activity.
The value of circulating microRNAs for early diagnosis of B-cell lymphoma: A case-control study on historical samples
Authors: Jørgensen Steffen , Paulsen Isabella Worlewenut , Hansen Jakob Werner , Tholstrup Dorte , Hother Christoffer , Sørensen Erik , Petersen Mikkel Steen , Nielsen Kaspar Rene , Rostgaard Klaus , Larsen Margit Anita Hørup , Brown Peter de Nully , Ralfkiær Elisabeth , Homburg Keld Mikkelsen , Hjalgrim Henrik , Erikstrup Christian , Ullum Henrik , Troelsen Jesper , Grønbæk Kirsten , Pedersen Ole Birger 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMicroRNAs are small regulatory RNAs that are deregulated in a wide variety of human cancers, including different types of B-cell lymphoma. Nevertheless, the feasibility of circulating microRNA for early diagnosis of B-cell lymphoma has not been established. To address the possibility of detecting specific circulating microRNAs years before a B-cell lymphoma is diagnosed, we studied the plasma expression of microRNA first in pre-treatment samples from patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and subsequently in repository samples from blood donors who later developed B-cell lymphomas. In addition, we studied the microRNA expression in the diagnostic lymphoma biopsy. The most strongly induced (miR-326) and suppressed (miR-375) plasma microRNA at diagnosis, when compared with healthy blood donors, were also substantially up- or down-regulated in plasma repository samples taken from several months to up to two years before the blood donors were diagnosed with B-cell lymphoma. Importantly, at these time points the donors had no signs of disease and felt healthy enough to donate blood. In conclusion, this first study of plasma microRNA profiles from apparently healthy individuals, taken several years before B-cell lymphoma diagnosis, suggests that plasma microRNA profiles may be predictive of lymphoma development.
Synthesis, characterization and application of a non-flammable dicationic ionic liquid in lithium-ion battery as electrolyte additive
Authors: Chatterjee Kajari , Pathak Anil D. , Lakma Avinash , Sharma Chandra Shekhar , Sahu Kisor Kumar , Singh Akhilesh Kumar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA novel dicationic room temperature ionic liquid, 1,1′-(5,14-dioxo-4,6,13,15-tetraazaoctadecane-1,18-diyl) bis(3-(sec-butyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium) bis((trifluoromethyl)-sulfonyl) imide has been synthesized and fully characterized. Its thermal and electrochemical analyses along with transport properties have been studied. We propose it as a potential nominal additive to the commonly used conventional organic carbonate electrolyte mixture and study its adaptability in Lithium-ion batteries which are the prime power sources for ultraportable electronic devices. We have compared the performance characteristics of the full cells made without and with this ionic liquid. The cells comprise lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide cathode, graphite anode and ethylene carbonate - dimethyl carbonate (1:1, v/v + LiPF6) mixture electrolyte with nominal amount of ionic liquid as additive. The major concern with conventional electrolytes such as degradation of the materials inside batteries has been addressed by this electrolyte additive. Additionally, this additive is safer at relatively higher temperature. In its presence, the overall battery life is enhanced and it shows good cycling performance and coulombic efficiency with better discharge capacities (22% higher) after 100 cycles. Even after the increase in current rate from 10 mA/g to 100 mA/g, the cell still retains around 73% of capacity.
Central Composite Design for Optimizing the Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Plantago major Extract and Investigating Antibacterial, Antifungal and Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Nikaeen Ghazal , Yousefinejad Saeed , Rahmdel Samane , Samari Fayezeh , Mahdavinia Saeideh 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCentral composite design (CCD) was applied to optimize the synthesis condition of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the extract of Plantago major (P. major) seeds via a low cost and single-step process. The aqueous seed extract was applied as both reducing element and capping reagent for green production of AgNPs. Five empirical factors of synthesis including temperature (Temp), pH, volume of P. major extract (Vex), volume of AgNO3 solution (VAg) and synthesis time were used as independent variables of model and peak intensity of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) originated from NPs as the dependent variable. The predicted optimal conditions was determined to be: Temp = 55 °C, pH = 9.9,Vex = 1.5 mL, VAg = 30 mL, time = 60 min. The characterization of the prepared AgNPs at these optimum conditions was conducted by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine the surface bio-functionalities. Bio-activity of these AgNPs against bacteria and fungi were evaluated based on its assay against Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli and Penicillium digitatum. Furthermore, antioxidant capacity of these NPs was checked using the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay.