bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exposure to a National Communication Campaign to Prevent Stunting in Indonesia
Authors: Daines C , Norton A , Hunt L , Friedbaum E , Topham D , West J , Torres S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Reducing childhood stunting continues to be a priority in Indonesia. In 2015, the National Nutrition Communication Campaign (NNCC) implemented mass media and interpersonal communication (IPC) interventions to disseminate stunting-related information. The purpose of this study was to understand the factors associated with exposure to the media and IPC components of NNCC. The mass-media component was designed to influence attitudes, norms, and behaviors, while the IPC component was designed to develop skills to lead to behavior change.

Methods
The media campaign targeted a national audience and the IPC component of the campaign operated at a district level. IMA World Health collected data in three rural districts targeted with both media and IPC intervention components. Using simple random sampling, a sample of 1,734 caregivers was collected. Responses relating to demographic and socioeconomic factors, use of social media and WhatsApp, and electronic device ownership were analyzed using multiple linear regression analyses.

Results
Participants averaged 28.9 years old and most completed primary school. Exposure to the media component was higher than exposure to IPC. Ownership of an internet-accessible device (IAD) and social media use was negatively associated with exposure to IPC. Mothers who used a device to access health information were more likely to have been exposed to the media component. Exposure to the media campaign was positively associated with owning an IAD with WhatsApp.

Conclusions
Access to internet-accessible devices was predictive of positive exposure to mass-media and negative exposure to IPC. This latter finding was unexpected and may suggest people with IADs consume health online and feel less inclined to participate in IPC activities. Caregivers with technology and internet access may benefit from media-based interventions, whereas those with limited access may benefit from traditional interpersonal mediums.

Key messages
Future community health efforts in similar rural regions, should consider the use of both mass media and interpersonal communication interventions to influence health behaviors. Use of internet-accessible technology was positively related to exposure to the mass media campaign while negatively related to IPC exposure.
Infodemic: analysis of global and local 2019-20 Coronavirus epidemic search flow
Authors: Antinolfi F , Brunelli L , Cocconi R , Brusaferro S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The excessive amount of information (infodemic) about SARS-COV2 is a global challenge for healthcare authorities in tackling misinformation. Aim of the study was to investigate SARS-COV2 global and Italian web search amount made through a reliable information source during 2019-20 SARS-COV2 epidemic.

Methods
From December 15th, 2019 to February 23rd, 2020, we used Google Trends to analyze global changes in the volume of searches about “Coronavirus” in relation to reliable sources: “World Health Organization”, “WHO” and the Italian equivalents of “Ministry of Health” and “National Institute of Health”. Primary searches and associated queries (AQs) were analyzed by nation and Italian Region.

Results
Global interest on “Coronavirus” progressively rose from mid-January, with 2 peaks on days 28th and 31st, fell on February 20th and rose again until day 23rd. “WHO” searches fluctuated with no clear pattern but increased on January 26th and February 3rd. 'WHO' term was among the most frequent “Coronavirus” AQs and viceversa. Singapore, Italy and New Zealand were the most interested nations in “Coronavirus”, while China was at first place in “Coronavirus+WHO” searches. In Italy from January 21st interest in “Coronavirus” gradually increased, with peaks on days 28th and 31st and a higher peak on February 21st. The other terms showed a fluctuating trend, with peaks on January 31st for “WHO” and “Ministry of Health” and on February 21st for all of them. “Coronavirus” was most frequently AQ to “Italy” and “China”, while AQs for the other terms were “Coronavirus” and “WHO official website”. The most interested Italian Regions for “Coronavirus” and “Coronavirus+WHO” were Lazio and Friuli Venezia-Giulia, respectively.

Conclusions
Interest in SARS-COV2 globally increased during the considered period, especially within most affected areas. The associations between terms thus highlighted seems to confirm that the general population relies on trustworthy information sources.

Key messages
Infodemic can be at the same time a danger and an opportunity during global and local health emergencies. Health systems should take advantage of current search flow in order to foster reliable information sharing.
Development of HELISC Health Literacy, Information and Social Capital Model
Authors: Corvo E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Issues
The literature and the interest of health professional on health information has grown rapidly during the last few years, but theory guiding this growth is lacking. The purpose of this article is to describe a developed model on Health Literacy, Information and Social Capital (HELISC) Model.

Methods
HELISc Model was based on the idea of a world of interrelated connections from virtual and traditional life without separation. Social capital represents the degree of social cohesion that exists in communities, furthermore social capital is recognised as the establishment between people of networks, norms, and social trust, and facilitate co-operation for mutual benefit. In evaluating the level of health-seeking information with social networks, it emerged that individuals, after obtaining the information requested, established ties with other individuals, similar to the development of social capital.

Results
The combination of interrelated connections from virtual and traditional life without separation leads to conscious action. This conscious action of health is given by the sum of antecedents (individual and environmental), by the formulation of the informative needs, by the reference information channels (offline/online), which leads to a conscious action. While the information-seeking activity can be labeled as a conscious action, the cohesion among individuals derived by the information exchange in the form of social support and social capital is unconscious. This model shows that there is not only the individual's interest in obtaining the information sought, but the development of a parallel mutual support leading to the development of social capital.

Conclusions
This model considers how virtual social network could be potentially considered as a new way to develop mutual support despite geographical distance and differences between individuals. More research is needed to support with evidence this model.

Key messages
Social capital and virtual health information, a new discover. Without Helisc model we don't understand influence of health information.
Smartphone addiction and anxiety disorder among medical students in Sofia – a preliminary study
Authors: Pravchanska M , Velkova A , Georgieva L , Georgieva E , Pesheva P , Hristov N 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Digital addictions and their influence on mental health are being intensively studied nowadays but scientific data about Bulgaria is still scarce. The study is focused on the prevalence of nomophobia among medical students, its relationship with anxiety and motivation for seeking professional help.

Methods
The cross-sectional study included 369 medical students, age 19-34 (mean 23) years. We analyzed the whole group and subgroups of Bulgarian/foreign students and second-/sixth-year students. Data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire including smartphone addiction scale (SAS) with a 4-point Lickert scale, a 7-item generalized anxiety disorder scale and socio-demographic questions.

Results
The prevalence of mild smartphone addiction was 55% and of moderate one 30%. The dependency score was higher in the groups with a moderate and severe level of anxiety (P &lt; 0.001). There was no difference in dependency score by age and gender but it was higher among foreign students compared to Bulgarian students and lower in the sixth-year group compared to the second- year one. The anxiety score was higher in females compared to males and among second-year students compared to the sixth-year (P &lt; 0.001). Only 40% of males and 50% of females reported motivation to look for professional help.

Conclusions
The prevalence of smartphone addiction is high among both Bulgarian and foreign medical students. Our results reveal co-morbidity of smartphone addiction and generalized anxiety disorder. The low motivation to consult a specialist points out underestimation of the problem. Implementation of educational programmes, individual and group therapy can help young people to curb smartphone use.

Key messages
Smartphone addiction is related to increased anxiety level and affects adversely mental health. The establishment of a healthy relationship between young people and technologies has to be considered as part of health promotion.
Screening Echocardiography in a Developing Country
Authors: Pereira de Sousa L A , Carvalho V Tostes , Wagner de Oliveira W , Lins de Barros M V , Guimarães Teixeira T , de Abreu de Rosa L Alcantara , Ribeiro AL Pinho 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The use of tele-echocardiograms could be useful for improving access of patients to echocardiographic evaluation in places where there is a shortage of trained physicians. It was evaluated the agreement between a physician sonographer and another health professional with basic training to acquire transthoracic images, assessed by a remote echocardiographer.

Methods
174 patients underwent echocardiography by a physician level III training in Echo. A moving image protocol (MPEG format, 3 cycles for each image) was stored: 2D parasternal long axis, apical four chambers with and without color. Soon after, a nurse with 20 hours of training in Echo, unaware of the result of the report, acquired the same protocol. The exams were randomized and sent to a remote observer, another echocardiographer level III, blinded to the sonographer's status, to recognize the presence of the any of the following abnormalities: left ventricular enlargement, hypertrophy and systolic dysfunction; right ventricular enlargement, left atrium enlargement and left sided valvopathy at least moderate. Agreement was evaluated by kappa concordance.

Results
It was analyzed 108 females and 66 males, median age= 61 y [P.25=50-P.75=72]; LV ejection fraction= 64 % [58-69] and body mass index= 27.6 kg/m2 [24.5-32.5]. There was a good concordance between the evaluators. All the indices analyzed showed agreement above 0.55 and statistic significance (left ventricular enlargement - 0.84; left ventricular hypertrophy - 0.84; systolic left ventricular dysfunction - 0.82; right ventricle enlargement - 0.72; left atrial enlargement - 0.80; valvopathy - 0.56).

Conclusions
The image acquisition by a tele-echocardiogram screening may be acquired by non-physician professionals with minimum training.

Key messages
Echocardiography. Remote.
Environmental substances associated with osteoporosis
Authors: Elonheimo H , Lange R , Tolonen H 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Osteoporosis is a disease adversely affecting the bone health and causing fragility fractures. Osteoporosis is affecting the lives of approximately 200 million people worldwide and causing nearly 9 million fractures annually. In the European Union the economic burden of osteoporosis and prior fragility fractures was estimated at €37 billion in 2010; the costs are predicted to double by the year 2050. The disease takes both personal and economic toll by causing significant disability and increasing health-care costs as the population ages. There is evidence, that certain environmental substances may increase the risk of osteoporosis.

Methods
In the framework of the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU) a set of 18 priority substances and substance groups were selected to be further studied. Within HBM4EU a scoping document has been prepared for each of the substance groups. Based on a review of the recent literature, a scoping review of substances which might be associated with osteoporosis was prepared.

Results
The literature research revealed that there is a possible link of osteoporosis and heavy metals such as cadmium and lead. Additionally, for phthalates and per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), a potential association was observed. Especially women in perimenopausal and postmenopausal stage have been identified as being at greater risk of harmful effects. Other substances such as bisphenols, arsenic, mercury and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are suspected to have adverse effects on bone health but the evidence is still incomplete.

Conclusions
Although there is some evidence that these environmental substances have an adverse effect on human health, more research is needed. Some of the evidence is inconsistent, and there is a lack of extensive epidemiological studies. Since people are exposed to many substances simultaneously, there is a need to initiate studies which attempt to clarify the possible combined effects.

Key messages
Exposure to cadmium, lead, phthalates and PFASs may adversely affect bone health and increase a risk of osteoporosis. An inverse association of chemicals and bone mineral density is often detected. The growing concern of chemical exposure requires initiating of epidemiological studies on the subject. Multidisciplinary action for safeguarding citizenś health in Europe and worldwide is needed.
Urban health and Physical Activity: how urban design can improve cycling
Authors: Buffoli M , Capolongo S , Boati L , Rebecchi A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Introduction
It is well-known that physical inactivity is among the main risk factors that increases chronic degenerative diseases. The emergency is relevant in urban contexts, where, most transfers have a distance of less than 5 km, easily done by foot or bicycle. They would ensure an adequate daily physical activity. An increase of cycling would also lead to several other positive effects on the urban environment (air quality, less traffic, noise, etc.). Therefore, it is necessary to investigate which characteristics of the cycling and walking infrastructures encourage or not adequate lifestyles.

Methods
Starting from an analysis of the State of the Art related to the correlation among active transport, physical activity and health, a questionnaire was handed out to collect data on the current level of urban cycling and to quantify the expected increase in case of the improvement of the bicycle path network. The questionnaire was circulated through on-line and paper forms (1675 users), for a period of 3 months in the city of Milan. The aim was to quantify the increase in physical activity related to a provisional improvement of the infrastructures.

Results
The data collected subdivided into 9 districts show that the choice to use the bicycle, as an active means of transport, would significantly increase both in frequency and in duration: for example in the expected scenario 76.5% of the sample (over 21% more than the current one) would reach 150 minutes of physical activity per week, as WHO suggests. The main reasons for daily use or non-use of the bicycle were also identified.

Conclusions
The survey conducted highlighted the direct correlation between urban planning and active mobility. Actions related to mobility redesign, especially small-scale ones, could play a key-role in reducing physical inactivity with positive effects on health. The methodology could be replicated in other realities in order to highlight the specific strategies to be adopted.

Key messages
Questionnaires for improving cycling in urban contexts. Data analysis on citizens’ lifestyles for encouraging active mobility.
Evaluation of the performance of the partograph in the Kisanga health zone in Lubumbashi
Authors: Mwembo-Tambwe A , Chenge F , Kaya C , Michaux G , Mpunga D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Introduction
The partograph allows adequate fetal-maternal care during childbirth and the immediate postpartum in a maternity hospital. The objective of this study was to determine the proportion of the correct use of the partograph in maternity hospitals in the Kisanga Health Zone in Lubumbashi.

Materials and Methods
It was a cross-sectional study on the holding of the partograph, carried out in the Kisanga health zone in Lubumbashi during the month of November 2018. In total 794 partograms completed during the study period by providers in 89 maternity wards were analyzed. Two indicators have been known for the proper use of the partograph (for the decision price) and compliance with the benchmark. An element was considered correctly applied if its compliance rate was greater than 75%. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20

Results
Of 794 partograms collected, 63.6% were official (MSP or WHO) and 36.4% of wealth. In 32.6% of maternities, filling the partograph was easy. In total, 10.1% of maternities made the decision based on the line of attention of the partograph and 17.2% based on the line of action. The overall compliance rate for filling the partograph was 43.4% [41.1-45.6]; it was 50.0% [47.8-52.5] for maternal parameters, 54% [52.8-56.0] for fetal-adnexal parameters and 48.2% [47.4- 49.0] postpartum. The decision-making was 18.4% [18.2-18.5] and the filling time 33.3% [29.3-37.3]. It was found that 85.1% of partograms were completed during labor and 3.0% postpartum. The first point was correctly placed on the alert line in 19.6%

Conclusions
Partograph coverage, correct use and compliance rate are low in the Kisanga health zone. It turns out to be imperative to reinforce the correct use of the partograph and to rethink, if possible, a more simplified model with very sensitive items.

Key messages
This study has just helped to identify the parts of the partograms which are among the least filled and therefore the least understood by health care providers in health facilities. It has the merit of putting the thorny question of simplifying partograms back on the table for discussion in order to facilitate optimal use.
Exposure to tobacco smoke among pupils from Sopot primary schools. SOPKARD study results
Authors: Balwicki Ł , Tyrańska-Fobke A , Suligowska K L , Zdrojewski T 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The problem of tobacco use among minors and in their immediate environment remains a significant challenge in Poland. Although Poland has passed smoke free law children are still being exposed to tobacco smoke. The purpose of this study was to analyze the phenomenon of tobacco use by children in City of Sopot and in their surroundings.

Methods
The cross-sectional study was conducted as part of the SOPKARD program for early detection of risk factors for civilization diseases in children and adolescents. A limited GYTS questionnaire was utilized to conduct the study. Data was collected from all the fifth grade students (9-11 yo) attending to Sopot primary schools in 2017 and 2018.

Results
The study involved 385 students (161 in 2017 and 224 in 2018). Only few students tried to smoke traditional cigarettes (3%) or use electronic e-cigarettes (2%). Despite the legal ban, 24% of students saw smokers in the school premises. In addition, 34% of children said that one or both of their parents smokes and that in only slightly more than ¾ of the houses smoking is completely prohibited. As many as 66% of students reported smoking incidents in the cars they travel. There were 16% students who think they could start smoking in the future.

Conclusions
The results suggest that Sopot children are still exposed to tobacco smoke inhalation. It happens in private, non-smoking areas (homes and family cars). It is worth conducting educational activities and considering legislative initiatives such as smoking ban in vehicles carrying children to stimulate parents to take care more of the health of their children.

Key messages
Although tobacco legislation in Poland protects people from passive smoking in public places children are still exposed in private premises. Ban on smoking should be extended to privates cars at minimum.
Which body weight status is associated with depression? Results from a European population study
Authors: Cuschieri S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
A bidirectional relationship has been reported between depression and obesity. Malta, a European small state, is a highly prevalent country for obesity making this population ideal to study this relationship. The aim of this study was to identify the adiposity characteristics of a population-based depression sub-group and explore for any relationships between depression and an increase in adiposity.

Methods
A nationally representative health examination survey was conducted in Malta. Body mass index was measured while a validated questionnaire was used to establish the presence of depression and the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants. The study population was categorized into different sub-populations according to their adiposity status (normal, overweight, obese) and their self-reported depression. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent adiposity status and socio-demographic factors associated with depression.

Results
The prevalence of self-reported depression was 10.44% (CI 95%: 9.52 - 11.43) with a female predominance and an overweight-obese profile. Extreme obesity (&gt;50Kg/m2) was only present in individuals without depression. Only the overweight status (OR: 1.35 CI95%: 1.03 - 1.78 p = 0.03) was statistically linked with depression along with being female, having a low education level, being unemployed or retired and being a smoker.

Conclusions
The adiposity driver for the growing depression epidemic appears to be overweight rather than obesity. Stressful social determinants including unemployment, retirement, low education and being female have a role in this growing health concern. This calls for preventive action plans targeting overweight status, depression along with unfavourable sociodemographic characteristics.

Key messages
Overweight status was found to be linked with depression. Targeted action plans to prevent overweight and depression should be implemented with special attention to population with unfavourable sociodemographic characteristics.