bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agency or Composition? Socio-demographic Correlates of Abortion Among Immigrant Women in Spain
Authors: Stanek Mikolaj , Requena Miguel , Montes Estrella 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Extensive empirical evidence indicates that immigrant women have higher abortion rates than native women. Understanding the factors behind this trend is essential for providing adequate sexual and reproductive healthcare to immigrants and addressing structural barriers to health equity. In this chapter, we examine variations in abortion rates between native-born and immigrant women from different origins, with a primary focus on determining the extent to which socio-demographic factors, such as age and educational attainment, contribute to these differences. To achieve this, we utilise census and abortion registration data from the Spanish Ministry of Health spanning from 2011 to 2021. Our findings reveal a significant decrease in abortion rates among immigrant women over the past decade, thereby narrowing the gap with native-born women. Additionally, we identify a connection between abortion and educational attainment, with a curvilinear pattern observed among immigrant women whereby the intermediate educational strata exhibit the highest risks. Although age and educational composition partly explain variations in abortion rates, our research highlights the importance of investigating behavioural factors alongside compositional aspects in future studies.
Isolated MASON type-III radial head fractures: radial head arthroplasty or open reduction and internal fixation – clinical and radiological outcomes with five to fourteen years of follow up
Authors: Ly Lyliane , Druel Thibault , Gazarian Aram , Walch Arnaud 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of this study was to assess functional and radiological outcomes of radial head arthroplasty (RHA) compared to open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) in isolated Mason type-III fractures with a minimum of five years follow-up.

Methods
This was a retrospective single-center study of closed isolated Mason type-III radial head fractures operated between January 2008 and December 2017. Nineteen patients were included in group RHA and 35 patients in group ORIF. The mean age was 51 years old in group RHA and 41 years old in group ORIF (p = 0.02). Functional and radiological outcomes were evaluated.

Results
Mean follow up was eight years (range, 5–14). Clinical results and functional scores showed no significant differences, except a better pronation in group RHA (p = 0.04). Two secondary radial head resection or implant removal were performed in each group (p = 0.56) with poor functional outcomes in group ORIF. There was less heterotopic ossification in group RHA (15.8% vs. 42.8%; p = 0.03). Capitulum wear was found in 63% in group RHA against 25.7% in group ORIF (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Functional results of RHA and ORIF were comparable for isolated Mason type-III fractures at a mean follow-up of eight years. We recommend to perform RHA for isolated Mason type-III fracture if articular reduction or stability of the fixation is not satisfying.

Level of evidence
III.
CSF biomarkers of B-cell activation in multiple sclerosis: a clinical perspective
Authors: Di Sabatino Elena , Ferraro Diana , Gaetani Lorenzo , Emiliano Edoardo , Parnetti Lucilla , Di Filippo Massimiliano 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The role of B cells in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) extends beyond antibody synthesis, also involving the modulation of T lymphocytes and myeloid cells. B-cell activation within the Central Nervous System is associated with the release of various antibodies, cytokines, and chemokines, measurable in biofluids, thereby serving as biomarkers of the immune processes responsible for MS. To this purpose, a biomarker-based characterization of the disease through the combination of well-established markers, e.g., immunoglobulin (Ig) G index, IgG oligoclonal bands, Ig free light chains, with new promising markers, namely chemokine (C–X–C motif) ligand 13, and B-cell activating factor/A proliferation-inducing ligand, might represent a significant improvement in the management of people with MS.
Stereotactic radiosurgery for arteriovenous malformations presenting as secondary trigeminal neuralgia: a case series
Authors: Düzkalir Ali Haluk , Askeroglu Mehmet Orbay , Peker Selcuk 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a potential treatment for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) secondary to arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), though its efficacy and safety remain unclear due to the rarity of this condition. We analyzed 1211 brain AVM cases treated with Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) between 2005 and 2023 at our institution. Four patients (0.33%) were presented with TN secondary to AVM. Three patients received single-fraction GKRS while one underwent hypofractionated treatment. Treatment outcomes were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging, digital subtraction angiography, and the Barrow Neurological Institute pain intensity scale. The mean marginal dose and AVM volume were 21.5 Gy and 0.58 cc, respectively. The mean follow-up period was 85.75 months. Complete AVM obliteration was achieved in all patients, with all experiencing complete pain relief within a mean time of 18 months, enabling gradual discontinuation of medications. No radiation-related adverse effects were observed. Our literature review identified only 15 previously reported cases where SRS was used as primary treatment for TN secondary to AVM, with most cases showing favorable outcomes in pain relief and AVM obliteration. This study is the first case series to demonstrate the sole use and efficacy of GKRS in managing TN secondary to AVM, moving beyond individual case reports. SRS appears to be a safe and effective primary treatment option for TN secondary to AVM, particularly when conventional surgical approaches are contraindicated or pose excessive risks. The sustained pain relief and absence of complications in our series, combined with previous case reports, support its use in managing this rare condition.
Association between maternal cancer and the incidence of cancer in offspring
Authors: Jeong Su-Min , Heo Jihye , Choi Kyujin , Taegyun Park , Oh Soo-Young , Yu Jonghan , Kang Danbee 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Despite the growing population of young cancer survivors of reproductive age, the risk of cancer in offspring born to female cancer survivors has yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the risk of cancer among the offspring of female cancer survivors by maternal age at delivery, maternal age at cancer diagnosis, maternal cancer type, and the time interval between cancer diagnosis and pregnancy. Using nationwide retrospective mother–child linked data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service, we included the first child (N = 8031) of female cancer survivors aged < 40 years after excluding thyroid cancer survivors and matched controls (N = 24,093) between 2005 and 2019. Subgroup analysis was performed according to maternal age at delivery, maternal age at cancer diagnosis, maternal cancer type, and the interval between cancer diagnosis and delivery. Among the offspring, 19 children of cancer survivors and 30 in the control group were diagnosed with cancer, with a mean age of 2.0 years at diagnosis. The most prevalent cancer type was leukemia (26.5%), followed by liver tumor (10.2%) and brain tumor (8.2%). The hazard ratio (HR) for cancer in the offspring of female cancer survivors was 1.91 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07–3.38) demonstrating consistently high risk over the follow-up period. HRs for cancer risk in offspring were high across all subgroups despite the low statistical power. Our study indicated that offspring born to maternal cancer survivors had an increased risk of cancer.
Advancing innovative trend analysis for drought trends: incorporating drought classification frequencies for comprehensive insights.
Authors: Abu Arra Ahmad , Alashan Sadık , Şişman Eyüp 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
As a natural disaster, drought has inverse effects on the agricultural and environmental sectors. Comprehensive drought evaluation is critical for integrated water resources management and drought monitoring. Drought is generally evaluated temporally and spatially without considering its trend, but in recent years, the study of drought trends has become common. However, in drought trend analyses, it is necessary to identify the frequency change of drought classification, along with the sub-trends and their magnitudes, which have been identified in this research with the combined frequency analysis and innovative trend analysis methodologies (F-ITA). Three different drought indices, the standardized precipitation index (SPI), Standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), and streamflow drought index (SDI), were calculated at different time scales at Florya Station, Istanbul, Türkiye, Durham Station in the United Kingdom, and Vargonas (Vargönäs) KRV Station in Sweden. The results showed that F-ITA improved the drought evaluation with a more detailed investigation of meteorological and hydrological drought trends on a microscale rather than stating a decrease or increase trend. There was no trend for SPI-3 and -6 F-ITA; for SPI-12 F-ITA, all drought classifications showed a monotonic increase trend. For example, for SPI-1 and SPEI-1 F-ITA, the abnormally dry classification showed minimal change with frequencies of 35%. The SPEI-12 F-ITA graph showed an increasing trend in all drought classifications. For SPEI-12, the frequency of exceptional drought (extremely dry) events increased from 0.11% (0.66%) to 1.21% (2.3%), while severe and moderate drought frequencies rose significantly from 3.73% to 4.61% and 7.46% to 11.4%, respectively. Finally, monotonic trend increases were noticed in the SDI at all time scales for all classifications.

Graphical abstract
Affect-Enhancing Speech Characteristics for Robotic Communication
Authors: Klüber Kim , Schwaiger Katharina , Onnasch Linda 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The attribution of mind to others, either humans or artificial agents, can be conceptualized along two dimensions: experience and agency. These dimensions are crucial in interactions with robots, influencing how they are perceived and treated by humans. Specifically, a higher attribution of agency to robots is associated with greater perceived responsibility, while a higher attribution of experience enhances sympathy towards them. One potential strategy to increase the attribution of experience to robots is the application of affective communication induced via prosody and verbal content such as emotional words and speech style. In two online studies (N

I
= 30, N

II
= 60), participants listened to audio recordings in which robots introduced themselves. In study II, robot pictures were additionally presented to investigate potential matching effects between appearance and speech. Our results showed that both the use of emotional words and speaking expressively significantly increased the attributed experience of robots, whereas the attribution of agency remained unaffected. Findings further indicate that speaking expressively and using emotional words enhanced the perception of human-like qualities in artificial communication partners, with a more pronounced effect observed for technical robots compared to human-like robots. These insights can be used to improve the affective impact of synthesized robot speech and thus potentially increase the acceptance of robots to ensure long-term use.
Meditation, Not Information? A Survey Experiment Probing the Effects of Meditation Practice on Affective Polarization and Pro-Environmentalism
Authors: Ramstetter Lena , Klackl Johannes , Jonas Eva , Spilker Gabriele 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Climate change is one of the most pressing issues of our time. However, current policies are insufficient to keep climate change at manageable levels. In the United States, this is partly because attitudes and opinions on climate change have become increasingly divided along political party lines, making effective policymaking difficult. The existing literature has focused chiefly on cognitive (i.e., informational) approaches to increasing climate change awareness, which are often counterproductive due to patterns of biased information processing. We examined whether meditation can reduce affective polarization and the partisan divide on climate change.

Method
Using a preregistered survey experiment with 500 US respondents, we investigated whether a short (10-min) meditation practice would render partisans less polarized and more pro-environmental. Participants completed either a mindfulness meditation practice designed to cultivate awareness of thoughts and sensations, a loving-kindness meditation practice designed to cultivate unconditional love and compassion, or no meditation.

Results
Self-identified Republicans who completed the loving-kindness meditation subsequently reported significantly lower polarization scores compared to Republicans who did not meditate. Surprisingly, self-identified Democrats who completed the mindfulness meditation exhibited higher anthropocentrism than Democrats who did not meditate. This suggests that mindfulness meditation may, in some cases, reduce some aspects of pro-environmentalism.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that a short loving-kindness meditation can reduce polarization among Republicans. A form of mindfulness that cultivates awareness of thoughts and sensations but not interpersonal connectedness can have unintended side effects by fostering an anthropocentric worldview among Democrats.

Preregistration
This study was preregistered (https://osf.io/nza78).
Recent Advances of Electrocatalysts and Electrodes for Direct Formic Acid Fuel Cells: from Nano to Meter Scale Challenges
Authors: Li Yang , Yao Ming-Shui , He Yanping , Du Shangfeng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Direct formic acid fuel cells are promising energy devices with advantages of low working temperature and high safety in fuel storage and transport. They have been expected to be a future power source for portable electronic devices. The technology has been developed rapidly to overcome the high cost and low power performance that hinder its practical application, which mainly originated from the slow reaction kinetics of the formic acid oxidation and complex mass transfer within the fuel cell electrodes. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the progress around this technology, in particular for addressing multiscale challenges from catalytic mechanism understanding at the atomic scale, to catalyst design at the nanoscale, electrode structure at the micro scale and design at the millimeter scale, and finally to device fabrication at the meter scale. The gap between the highly active electrocatalysts and the poor electrode performance in practical devices is highlighted. Finally, perspectives and opportunities are proposed to potentially bridge this gap for further development of this technology.
Dolphin-Inspired Skin Microvibrations Offer a Novel Pressure-Dominated Drag Reduction Mechanism
Authors: Wang Dongyue , Liu Hao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The cutaneous ridges on dolphin skin have long been believed to effectively reduce friction drag, thereby contributing to overall drag reduction. However, since these skin ridges are oriented perpendicular to the swimming direction, they also generate additional pressure drag, raising questions about the impact of the shape-induced pressure forces on swimming. Inspired by the microvibrations observed on dolphin skin, we hypothesize that the microstructure on dolphin skin is not static but dynamically oscillates in the form of Longitudinal Micro-Ultrasonic Waves (LMUWs). To explore this, we carried out a series of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations based on Large Eddy Simulation (LES) model to investigate the impact of pressure drag on the total drag acting on an oscillating skin surface under realistic turbulent flow conditions. The results indicate that the dynamic skin oscillations induce a new dynamic Stokes boundary layer, which has the potential to convert pressure drag into a negative force, thereby reducing total drag under the influence of traveling LMUW excitations. Furthermore, a relative velocity ξ, defined as the difference between the wave speed c and the external flow speed U, is introduced to evaluate the drag-reduction effect dominated by pressure. The findings reveal that pressure drag remains negative when ξ > 0. As ξ increases, the thrust effect induced by negative pressure becomes increasingly significant, ultimately counteracting friction drag and eliminating total drag. This pressure-dominated drag reduction mechanism thus demonstrates a novel strategy for the drag reduction technology and the potential of unveiling the mysteries behind dolphin swimming.
Exploring some marine-derived manzamine compounds for uterine fibroid treatment: molecular docking and dynamics studies
Authors: Zayed Ala’ Omar Hasan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Women commonly experience uterine fibroids, which are benign tumors within the uterine muscle characterized by irregular extracellular matrix deposition and abnormal smooth muscle cell proliferation, often with a tendency to recur. In this study, we explored the therapeutic promise of various marine-derived Manzamine compounds (1-25), some of which exhibit significant anti-tumor properties, for treating uterine fibroids. Our computational results align closely with recent experimental evidence indicating that Manzamine A inhibits uterine fibroid cell proliferation through selective targeting of human sterol O-acyltransferases, thereby reducing cholesterol esterification. To evaluate their inhibitory potential, ligands 1-25 was subjected to docking, molecular mechanics-generalized Born surface area (MM-GBSA), molecular dynamics (MD) and well-tempered metadynamics (WT-MetaD) simulations against sterol O-acyltransferase 1 (SOAT1) as the identified target. Compound 10 shows the highest G-score (-13.96) among all compounds, while others such as 11, 18, 16, 2, 24, 6, and 19 show greater activity against SOAT1 compared to Manzamine A. Ligand binding is significantly influenced by the residues GLU461, TRP420, TYR417, PHE476, PHE479, LEU377, ILE376, VAL374, and PHE378 in the SOAT1 protein structure. MD simulations explored dynamic interactions in the 10/SOAT1 complex, while WT-MetaD confirmed the docking study results and identified energetically favored conformations of protein-ligand complex. Ligands 10, 11, 18, 16, 2, 24, 6, and 19, with their high Glide scores and unique functional groups, are expected to exhibit notable SOAT1 activity and thus merit further investigation.

Graphical Abstract
Unveiling the roles, mechanisms and prospects of soil microbial communities in sustainable agriculture
Authors: Kiprotich Kelvin , Muema Esther , Wekesa Clabe , Ndombi Tavasi , Muoma John , Omayio Dennis , Ochieno Dennis , Motsi Hamond , Mncedi Sipho , Tarus Janet 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Soil hosts diverse microbial communities including bacteria, fungi, archaea, protozoans and nematodes among others, which are fundamental to sustainable agriculture and drive essential processes that underpin soil fertility, plant health, and ecosystem resilience. They promote plant growth through mechanisms like nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, production of growth-promoting substances, enhancement of nutrient uptake, improvement of soil structure and detoxification of harmful substances. Recently, there has been increasing interest in utilizing microorganisms to improve soil health and boost plant growth and efficiency, despite limited understanding of microbial diversity, microbe-plant interactions, and translating laboratory findings to field conditions. This interest is driven by the urgent need to feed the growing global population, placing pressure on arable land to produce high-quality yields. Conventionally, synthetic fertilizers have been extensively used to provide nutrients, promote plant growth, and increase crop productivity. Although synthetic fertilizers have revolutionized agriculture since the green revolution, their overuse has significantly harmed soil health, and reduced crop productivity. This review synthesizes the current knowledge on the mechanisms by which soil microbes influence sustainable agricultural practices, with a focus on soil nutrient cycling and plant–microbe interactions. We discuss the functions and mechanisms of important microbial groups, such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (PSB), and fungi. Furthermore, we discuss the factors that influence soil microbial communities and highlight gaps in future research to maximize their potential use in agriculture. Understanding the significance and key mechanisms of microbial communities increases the potential of harnessing soil microbes as vital contributors to soil health and sustainable agriculture.
Single-center observational analysis of a pharmacist-driven antibiotic time-out targeting antipseudomonal drugs
Authors: Diaz Carina , Margulis Landayan Alice , Porras Lorenzo , Samsundar Sonia , Murillo Jorge , Gauthier Timothy P. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study found that implementation of a pharmacist-driven antipseudomonal antibiotic time-out at a 450-bed community hospital led to a 5% reduction in the use of targeted antipseudomonal antibiotics (P = .12), which may be clinically meaningful as it extrapolates to approximately 1,800 avoided days of therapy annually.
The instantaneous structure of a turbulent wall-bounded flow influenced by freestream turbulence: streamwise evolution
Authors: Asadi Masoud , Bullee Pim A. , Hearst R. Jason 
Published: February 2025

The instantaneous structure of a turbulent boundary layer (TBL) subjected to freestream turbulence (FST) is investigated at several streamwise locations downstream of an active turbulence-generating grid. Using planar particle image velocimetry, three grid sequences are tested at four streamwise locations with FST intensities up to 10.9 %. A low-turbulence reference case is included for comparison. A novel method is proposed to separate the instantaneous TBL and FST flows by identifying a distinct interface for each realisation using probability density functions of the vorticity field. Two alternative approaches are used to define the interfaces, based on either constant velocity contour lines or constant vorticity magnitude contour lines. The former is found to highlight the momentum events in the velocity fields, whereas the latter outlines the vortical features of the flow. Regardless of the interface choice, when faced with FST, the interface moves closer to the wall on average, and its location fluctuates more. When FST is present, the shear and mean spanwise vorticity magnitudes increase on the TBL side of the interface. Uniform momentum zones (UMZs) beneath the velocity interfaces are identified. In the presence of FST, UMZs located closer to the wall appear to be compressed, resulting in fewer identified UMZs. Moving downstream, the FST intensity decays while the TBL develops. As a result, many characteristics of the TBL recover to an undisturbed state, with the interface moving away from the wall, vorticity and turbulent fluctuations returning to their natural state undisturbed by FST and the number of detected UMZs increasing.