bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loss of histone H3 trimethylation on lysine 27 and nuclear expression of transducin‐like enhancer 1 in primary intracranial sarcoma, DICER1‐mutant
Authors: Alexandrescu Sanda , Meredith David M , Lidov Hart G , Alaggio Rita , Novello Mariangela , Ligon Keith L , Vargas Sara O 
Published: July 2020

AimsPrimary intracranial sarcoma, DICER1‐mutant is a recently described central nervous system tumour with specific genomic and DNA‐methylation profiles. Although some of its histological features (focal spindle‐cell morphology, intracytoplasmic eosinophilic granules, and focal heterologous differentiation) are common across most reported cases, the presence of significant histological variability and the lack of differentiation pose diagnostic challenges. We aim to further define the immunoprofile of this tumor.Methods and resultsWe reviewed the clinical history and performed immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein, oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2, SOX2, SOX10, S100, histone H3 trimethylated on lysine 27 (H3K27me3), desmin, myogenin, CD99, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and transducin‐like enhancer of split 1 (TLE1) on six primary intracranial sarcomas, DICER1‐mutant, with appropriate controls. Targeted exome sequencing was performed on all cases. The sarcomas showed diffuse (n = 4), mosaic (n = 1) or minimal (≤5%, n = 1) loss of H3K27 trimethylation and nuclear TLE1 expression (n = 6). Four had immunohistochemical evidence of myogenic differentiation. SOX2, SOX10, S100 and EMA were negative; CD99 expression ranged from focal cytoplasmic (n = 4) to crisp diffuse membranous (n = 2). One tumour had focal cartilaginous differentiation. Similar immunohistochemical findings were observed in a pleuropulmonary blastoma (albeit with focal TLE1 expression), a DICER1‐related pineoblastoma, and an embryonal tumour with a multilayered rosette‐like DICER1‐related cerebellar tumour. Targeted exome sequencing confirmed the presence of pathogenic biallelic DICER1 mutations in all tumours included in this study.ConclusionWe conclude that H3K27me3 and TLE1 immunostains, when utilised in combination, can be helpful diagnostic markers for primary intracranial sarcoma, DICER1‐mutant.
“Change my selfie”: Relationships between self‐objectification and selfie‐behavior in young Italian women
Authors: Caso Daniela , Schettino Giovanni , Fabbricatore Rosa , Conner Mark 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSelf‐objectification is a pervasive phenomenon, related to specific socio‐cultural context, that can lead to many psychological and interpersonal consequences. With the present study, we investigated the correlates of self‐objectification in young Italian women analyzing both its traditional antecedents and its consequences for self‐presentation on social network sites (SNS). A total of 676 Italian university female students completed a self‐reported questionnaire on self‐objectification, internalization of a thin‐ideal and related influences, internalized sexism, self‐esteem, SNS use, selfie‐posting on SNS and selfies’ manipulation. Results indicated that media and peers, but not family pressures, were positively associated with thin‐ideal internalization, which, in turn, was positively associated with self‐objectification. Moreover, both sexism and self‐esteem were significantly associated with self‐objectification. Regarding self‐objectification consequences for SNS usage, results revealed that self‐objectification was positively associated with time spent on SNS, frequency of selfie‐posting and selfie‐editing. It was concluded that objectification theory can be extended into the context of image‐related behaviors on SNS. Results suggest that young women with low self‐esteem, traditional attitudes toward gender roles and high levels of internalization of thin‐ideal may report high levels of self‐objectification which, in turn, may be related to specific self‐promotion behaviors on social media. The limitations of the present study, particularly in terms of sampling and implications for future research on selfie‐behavior are discussed.
Internal Fixation versus Hemiarthroplasty in the Treatment of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fractures in the Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Tu Dong‐peng , Liu Zheng , Yu Yi‐kang , Xu Chao , Shi Xiao‐lin 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of internal fixation versus hemiarthroplasty in the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly.MethodsA search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases up to April 2020. The present study compared internal fixation and hemiarthroplasty in the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly. RevMan5.3 software provided by the International Cochrane Group was used for the meta‐analysis. To compare the differences in the operation time, intraoperative bleeding, length of hospital stay, superficial infection, Harris hip score, mortality within 1 year, mortality within 2 years, reoperation, incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT), partial weight‐bearing time, non‐union, and implant‐related complications between an internal fixation group and an hemiarthroplasty group.ResultsA total of 1300 patients were included in nine studies. The results showed that the operation time (MD = −18.09, 95% CI: −27.85–−8.34, P = 0.0003), intraoperative bleeding (MD = −195.31, 95% CI: −244.8–−147.74, P < 0.0001), implant‐related complications (MD = 3.83, 95% CI: 1.74–8.45, P = 0.0008), and partial weight‐bearing time (MD = 17.21, 95% CI: 1.63–32.79, P = 0.03) have statistical significance. However, there is not statistical significance for the Harris hip joint function scale (HHS) (MD = 5.60, 95% CI: −1.13–12.33, P = 0.10), DVT (MD = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.45–2.27, P = 0.97), length of hospital stay (MD = ‐1.08, 95% CI: −2.82–0.66, P = 0.22), superficial Infection (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.43–1.98, P = 0.89), mortality within 1 year (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.61–1.48, P = 0.81), mortality within 2 years (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.61–1.43, P = 0.75), reoperation (MD = 1.80, 95% CI: 0.64–5.04, P = 0.26), and non‐union (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 0.48–3.03, P = 0.70). The result of the subgroup analysis showed no significant differences between the less than 2 years follow‐up and the 2 years or more follow‐up group. The only difference was for the Harris hip score: the internal fixation group was superior to the hemiarthroplasty group in the less than 2 years subgroup analysis, while there was no difference between the internal fixation group hemiarthroplasty group in the 2 years or more subgroup analysis.ConclusionCompared with the internal fixation group, those in the hemiarthroplasty group could carry out weight‐bearing training early and implant‐related complications were reduced, but it requires longer operation time and there is greater intraoperative blood loss. There is no difference in mortality, the incidence of DVT, non‐union, HHS, reoperation, length of hospital stay, and superficial infection. Hemiarthroplasty may be a better choice for unstable intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly.
Nitric oxide is essential for cadmium‐induced peroxule formation and peroxisome proliferation
Authors: Terrón‐Camero Laura C. , Rodríguez‐Serrano María , Sandalio Luisa M. , Romero‐Puertas María C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) and nitrosylated derivatives are produced in peroxisomes, but the impact of NO metabolism on organelle functions remains largely uncharacterised. Double and triple NO‐related mutants expressing cyan florescent protein (CFP)‐SKL (nox1 × px‐ck and nia1 nia2 × px‐ck) were generated to determine whether NO regulates peroxisomal dynamics in response to cadmium (Cd) stress using confocal microscopy. Peroxule production was compromised in the nia1 nia2 mutants, which had lower NO levels than the wild‐type plants. These findings show that NO is produced early in the response to Cd stress and was involved in peroxule production. Cd‐induced peroxisomal proliferation was analysed using electron microscopy and by the accumulation of the peroxisomal marker PEX14. Peroxisomal proliferation was inhibited in the nia1 nia2 mutants. However, the phenotype was recovered by exogenous NO treatment. The number of peroxisomes and oxidative metabolism were changed in the NO‐related mutant cells. Furthermore, the pattern of oxidative modification and S‐nitrosylation of the catalase (CAT) protein was changed in the NO‐related mutants in both the absence and presence of Cd stress. Peroxisome‐dependent signalling was also affected in the NO‐related mutants. Taken together, these results show that NO metabolism plays an important role in peroxisome functions and signalling.
Dermoscopy of plaque psoriasis differs with plaque location, its duration, and patient's sex
Authors: Golińska Joanna , Sar‐Pomian Marta , Rudnicka Lidia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionLiterature data on dermoscopic features of psoriasis vulgaris are inconsistent. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether dermoscopic features of psoriatic plaques differ with anatomic location or any clinical characteristics.Materials and MethodsClinical evaluation and videodermoscopy of psoriatic plaques located on the face, chest, abdomen, forearms, lower legs, back, and scalp were performed in 50 patients with psoriasis vulgaris.ResultsA total of 306 plaques were evaluated. Videodermoscopy with a 20‐fold magnification revealed red dots and globules in 306/306 (100%) plaques, arranged in diffuse (170/306, 56%), patchy (117/306, 38%), or polygonal (19/306, 6%) pattern. A 70 fold magnification of these vessels revealed the presence of bushy vessels (213/306, 70%) and twisted loops (107/306, 35%), with the latter occurring more commonly on the scalp and face (P < .001). In lesions lasting less or equal 5 weeks on forearms and scalp, patchy distribution of the scale predominated, whereas in older lesions—diffuse type (forearm P = .005, scalp P = .017). Diffuse distribution of the scale in lesions located on the face was more common in women, than men (P = .003).ConclusionsVideodermoscopic picture of psoriatic plaques may differ with the anatomic location and duration of the psoriatic plaque and with patient's sex.
Thermal and Manufacturing Design Considerations for Silicon-Based Embedded Microchannel-3D Manifold Coolers (EMMCs): Part 1—Experimental Study of Single-Phase Cooling Performance With R-245fa
Authors: Jung Ki Wook , Cho Eunho , Lee Hyoungsoon , Kharangate Chirag , Zhou Feng , Asheghi Mehdi , Dede Ercan M. , Goodson Kenneth E. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
High performance and economically viable cooling solutions must be developed to reduce weight and volume, allowing for a wide-spread utilization of hybrid electric vehicles. The traditional embedded microchannel cooling heat sinks suffer from high pressure drop due to small channel dimensions and long flow paths in two-dimensional (2D) plane. Utilizing direct “embedded cooling” strategy in combination with top access three-dimensional (3D) manifold strategy reduces the pressure drop by nearly an order of magnitude. In addition, it provides more temperature uniformity across large area chips and it is less prone to flow instability in two-phase boiling heat transfer. This study presents the experimental results for single-phase thermofluidic performance of an embedded silicon microchannel cold plate (CP) bonded to a 3D manifold for heat fluxes up to 300 W/cm2 using single-phase R-245fa. The heat exchanger consists of a 5 × 5 mm2 heated area with 25 parallel 75 × 150 μm2 microchannels, where the fluid is distributed by a 3D-manifold with four microconduits of 700 × 250 μm2. Heat is applied to the silicon heat sink using electrical Joule-heating in a metal serpentine bridge and the heated surface temperature is monitored in real-time by infrared (IR) camera and electrical resistance thermometry. The maximum and average temperatures of the chip, pressure drop, thermal resistance, and average heat transfer coefficient (HTC) are reported for flow rates of 0.1, 0.2. 0.3, and 0.37 L/min and heat fluxes from 25 to 300 W/cm2. The proposed embedded microchannels-3D manifold cooler, or EMMC, device is capable of removing 300 W/cm2 at maximum temperature 80 °C with pressure drop of less than 30 kPa, where the flow rate, inlet temperature, and pressures are 0.37 L/min, 25 °C and 350 kPa, respectively. The experimental uncertainties of the test results are estimated, and the uncertainties are the highest for heat fluxes &lt; 50 W/cm2 due to difficulty in precisely measuring the fluid temperature at the inlet and outlet of the microcooler.
Internal Geometry and External Wall Effects on Fluidic Oscillator Behavior
Authors: Claus Gabrielle C. , Hatton Andrew , Bohan Brian T. , Polanka Marc D. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This study quantified the correlation of internal geometry (including Coanda effects) and external walls on oscillation frequency for a fluidic oscillator that was tested for a variety of mass flow rates using CO2 gas. The oscillator designs were modified by altering the aspect ratio (AR) with respect to the exit nozzle and changing the cross-sectional area ratio (MR) between the exit throat and power nozzle. The AR and cross-sectional MR were shown to be correlated with frequency. External walls parallel to each other and perpendicular to the oscillator exit throat were added at varying separation distances to observe how they affected the jet oscillation angle and frequency. By increasing the convexity of the exit throat, Coanda effects were about three times more effective in increasing the oscillation angle compared to wall effects. The internal geometry effects were combined by nondimensional analysis to find a function for predicting the frequency of an oscillator in terms of aspect and area ratios. The function showed that the oscillators converged to a single Strouhal number of 0.016.
Artificial Intelligence in Advanced Manufacturing: Current Status and Future Outlook
Authors: Arinez Jorge F. , Chang Qing , Gao Robert X. , Xu Chengying , Zhang Jianjing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Today’s manufacturing systems are becoming increasingly complex, dynamic, and connected. The factory operations face challenges of highly nonlinear and stochastic activity due to the countless uncertainties and interdependencies that exist. Recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI), especially Machine Learning (ML) have shown great potential to transform the manufacturing domain through advanced analytics tools for processing the vast amounts of manufacturing data generated, known as Big Data. The focus of this paper is threefold: (1) review the state-of-the-art applications of AI to representative manufacturing problems, (2) provide a systematic view for analyzing data and process dependencies at multiple levels that AI must comprehend, and (3) identify challenges and opportunities to not only further leverage AI for manufacturing, but also influence the future development of AI to better meet the needs of manufacturing. To satisfy these objectives, the paper adopts the hierarchical organization widely practiced in manufacturing plants in examining the interdependencies from the overall system level to the more detailed granular level of incoming material process streams. In doing so, the paper considers a wide range of topics from throughput and quality, supervisory control in human–robotic collaboration, process monitoring, diagnosis, and prognosis, finally to advances in materials engineering to achieve desired material property in process modeling and control.
Graphical Design Methodology of Multi-Degrees-of-Freedom Tuned Mass Damper for Suppressing Multiple Modes
Authors: Ma Wenshuo , Yu Jingjun , Yang Yiqing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The multi-degrees-of-freedom (MDOF) tuned mass damper (TMD) has proven its ability to suppress multiple modes of interest, and it possesses less mounting space than multiple single degree-of-freedom TMDs of equal damping mass. However, it is challenging to implement the exact design of MDOF TMDs having expected vibration modes. The conceptual design of MDOF TMD containing visualized DOFs is first presented by the graphical approach, and the visualization of the quantitative relationship between the freedoms and constraints of TMD is attained. Then, dynamics modeling is analytically formulated by incorporating experimental data, and optimization of MDOF TMD considering background modes is performed. Two scenarios of MDOF TMD (i.e., 2DOFs TMD and 3DOFs TMD) are simulated. Vibration suppression of single dominant mode and multiple modes are achieved, corresponding to the case when the primary structure is subjected to wide and narrow band harmonic excitations, respectively. Afterward, a TMD with one rotational and two translational (1R2 T) DOFs is designed by embodying the geometric constraint patterns by flexible beams, and changeable elastic elements are incorporated. Experiments show that the first, second, and third bending modes of the cantilever beam are suppressed by 80.0%, 67.5%, and 61.2%, respectively, by the 3DOFs TMD for multiple modes suppression.
Effect of In-Plane Load and Thermal Environment on Buckling and Vibration Behavior of Two-Dimensional Functionally Graded Tapered Timoshenko Nanobeam
Authors: Lal Roshan , Dangi Chinika 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this work, buckling and vibration characteristics of two-dimensional functionally graded (FG) nanobeam of nonuniform thickness subjected to in-plane and thermal loads have been analyzed within the frame work of Timoshenko beam theory. The beam is tapered by linear variation in thickness along the length. The temperature-dependent material properties of the beam are varying along thickness and length as per a power-law distribution and exponential function, respectively. The analysis has been presented using Eringen’s nonlocal theory to incorporate the size effect. Hamilton’s energy principle has been used to formulate the governing equations of motion. These resulting equations have been solved via generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM) for three combinations of clamped and simply supported boundary conditions. The effect of in-plane load together with temperature variation, nonuniformity parameter, gradient indices, nonlocal parameter, and slenderness ratio on the natural frequencies is illustrated for the first three modes of vibration. The critical buckling loads in compression have been computed by putting the frequencies equal to zero. A significant contribution of in-plane load on mechanical behavior of two-directional functionally graded nanobeam with nonuniform cross section has been noticed. Results are in good accordance.
Dietary cholesterol drives fatty liver-associated liver cancer by modulating gut microbiota and metabolites
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Coker Olabisi Oluwabukola , Chu Eagle SH , Fu Kaili , Lau Harry C H , Wang Yi-Xiang , Chan Anthony W H , Wei Hong , Yang Xiaoyong , Sung Joseph J Y , Yu Jun 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an increasing healthcare burden worldwide. We examined the role of dietary cholesterol in driving NAFLD–HCC through modulating gut microbiota and its metabolites.DesignHigh-fat/high-cholesterol (HFHC), high-fat/low-cholesterol or normal chow diet was fed to C57BL/6 male littermates for 14 months. Cholesterol-lowering drug atorvastatin was administered to HFHC-fed mice. Germ-free mice were transplanted with stools from mice fed different diets to determine the direct role of cholesterol modulated-microbiota in NAFLD–HCC. Gut microbiota was analysed by 16S rRNA sequencing and serum metabolites by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) metabolomic analysis. Faecal microbial compositions were examined in 59 hypercholesterolemia patients and 39 healthy controls.ResultsHigh dietary cholesterol led to the sequential progression of steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis and eventually HCC in mice, concomitant with insulin resistance. Cholesterol-induced NAFLD–HCC formation was associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis. The microbiota composition clustered distinctly along stages of steatosis, steatohepatitis and HCC. Mucispirillum, Desulfovibrio, Anaerotruncus and Desulfovibrionaceae increased sequentially; while Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides were depleted in HFHC-fed mice, which was corroborated in human hypercholesteremia patients. Dietary cholesterol induced gut bacterial metabolites alteration including increased taurocholic acid and decreased 3-indolepropionic acid. Germ-free mice gavaged with stools from mice fed HFHC manifested hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation and cell proliferation. Moreover, atorvastatin restored cholesterol-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and completely prevented NAFLD–HCC development.ConclusionsDietary cholesterol drives NAFLD–HCC formation by inducing alteration of gut microbiota and metabolites in mice. Cholesterol inhibitory therapy and gut microbiota manipulation may be effective strategies for NAFLD–HCC prevention.
Effect of random deferral of percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with diabetes and stable ischaemic heart disease
Authors: Williams Conor , Brown David L 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundIn stable ischaemic heart disease (SIHD), measurement of fractional flow reserve (FFR) to guide selection of lesions for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) reduces death and myocardial infarction (MI) compared with angiographic guidance. However, it is unknown if the improved outcomes are due to avoidance of stenting of physiologically insignificant lesions or are a by-product of placing fewer stents.MethodsWe developed a Monte Carlo simulation using the PCI strata of the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes study to investigate how random deferral of PCI impacts outcomes. To simulate deferral, a randomly selected group of patients randomised to PCI were removed and replaced by an equal number of randomly selected patients randomised to intensive medical therapy (IMT) using a random number generator in Python’s NumPy module. The primary endpoint was the rate of death or non-fatal MI at 1 year.ResultsDeath/MI at 1 year occurred in 8.3% of 798 patients in the PCI group and 5.1% of 807 patients in the IMT control group (p=0.02). Following 10 000 iterations of random replacement of 10%, 20%, 30% or 40% of PCI patients with randomly selected IMT patients, the rate of death/MI at 1 year progressively declined from 8.3% to 8.0%, 7.6%, 7.3% and 7.0%, respectively.ConclusionsIn this simulation model, random deferral of PCI procedures in SIHD progressively reduced death/MI as the percentage of procedures deferred increases. FFR-guided deferral of PCI may improve outcomes as a result of placing fewer stents and be unrelated to the haemodynamic severity of lesions.
Acutely ruptured basilar artery bifurcation aneurysm, treated with simultaneous Cascade and Comaneci temporary-assisted coiling
Authors: Sirakov Alexander , Raychev Radoslav , Bhogal Pervinder , Sirakov Stanimir 
Published: July 2020

Temporary stent-assisted coiling is an eligible approach for the treatment of acutely ruptured complex cerebral aneurysms. Improved material properties and industrial advances in braiding technology have led to the introduction of new stent-like devices to augment endovascular coil embolization. Such technology includes the Cascade and Comaneci neck-bridging devices. Both devices are manually controlled, non-occlusive and fully retrievable neck-bridging temporary implants. The braided nature and the ultra-thin wire, compliant structure of their bridging meshes helps maintain target vessel patency during coil embolization. In this video (video 1) we demonstrate the straightforward combination of two temporary neck-bridging devices for the embolization of an acutely ruptured aneurysm of the basilar artery. Technical success and complete embolization of the aneurysm were recorded at the final angiography. In this technical video we discuss the technical nuances of the Comaneci and Cascade coil embolization.Video 1