bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Childhood Traumatic Loss: A Secondary Analysis of Symptom Severity and Treatment Outcome
Authors: Unterhitzenberger Johanna , Sachser Cedric , Rosner Rita 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLoss is a commonly experienced traumatic event among children. Although the experience of loss can potentially lead to posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), little is known about PTSS levels after traumatic loss versus other traumatic events. We investigated data from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) on trauma‐focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF–CBT) versus a waitlist condition for children with PTSS. In a secondary analysis, we compared participants who reported traumatic loss as their index event (n = 23) to those who reported the two most frequently reported index events in the RCT: sexual abuse (SA; n = 59) and physical violence (PV; n = 55). The index event was rated according to the participants’ most distressing traumatic event reported on the Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale for Children and Adolescents. Participants who experienced traumatic loss reported fewer PTSS and better general functioning than those who reported SA. A subgroup RCT (n = 19) revealed TF–CBT to be highly effective in reducing PTSS in cases of traumatic loss, d = 1.69. The effect sizes for PTSS indicated that all three trauma groups benefited from TF–CBT. In the waitlist group, PTSS symptoms improved for SA and PV, ds = 0.76 and 0.98, respectively, but not for traumatic loss, d = 0.23. These findings suggest that TF–CBT is a feasible and promising treatment for children who experience PTSS after traumatic loss. The results are limited by the post hoc quality of the analyses and lack of a measure of grief in the RCT.
The Impact of Depression Severity on Treatment Outcomes Among Older Male Combat Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Walter Kristen H. , Glassman Lisa H. , Wells Stephanie Y. , Thorp Steven R. , Morland Leslie A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression are highly comorbid within the veteran population. Research studies have yielded divergent findings regarding the effect of depression on PTSD treatment outcomes. The present study investigated the influence of pretreatment depression severity on PTSD and depression symptom trajectories among 85 older (i.e., ≥ 60 years) male veterans with military‐related PTSD who received either prolonged exposure or relaxation training as part of a randomized controlled trial. Participants were categorized as having no/mild depression (n = 23) or moderate/severe depression (n = 62). The PTSD Checklist (PCL‐S) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) were completed at pretreatment, each of 12 therapy sessions, posttreatment, and 6‐month follow‐up, for a total of up to 15 data points per participant. Multilevel modeling (MLM) was used to evaluate the impact of pretreatment depression severity on piecewise symptom trajectories (i.e., active treatment and follow‐up periods) over time and to determine whether treatment condition moderated the trajectories. The final MLM results showed significant main effects of depression severity on PCL‐S scores, B = 10.84, p = .043 and PHQ‐9 scores, B = 7.09, p = .001, over time. No significant interactions emerged for either the PCL‐S or PHQ‐9, indicating that although older veterans with more severe depression endorsed higher PTSD and depression scores across time, the symptom trajectories were not moderated by depression severity, treatment condition, or their interaction.
Thermophysical Properties of Amorphous‐Paracrystalline Celluloses by Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Bregado Jurgen Lange , Tavares Frederico Wanderley , Secchi Argimiro Resende , Segtovich Iuri Soter Viana 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFor the engineering and process design of chemical and pharmaceutical plants, the knowledge of thermophysical properties is essential. Here, glass transition temperature (Tg), curves of heat capacity (Cp), isotropic thermal expansion (∝p), and isothermal compressibility (βT) are computed for amorphous/paracrystalline (Am‐Par) structures of cellulose over a wide range of temperature (380–680 K) using molecular dynamics with the CHARMM36 (C36) force field (FF). The fluctuation method under the NPT ensemble is used to calculate Cp, ∝p, and βT, whereas Tg is computed by monitoring specific volume versus temperature. Here, the fluctuation method is used with a quantum mechanical correction term for the calculation of Cp. Results of Cp, ∝p, and βT values at 298 K using extrapolation from these curves are also obtained. The thermophysical properties values from the simulations are compared with experimental data for cellulose with different degree of crystallinity and with those obtained by prominent FFs suggested for cellulose, such as GLYCAM06 and COMPASS. The findings reveal that ∝p, βT, and Tg are somewhat better reproduced than Cp with C36 over the studied temperature range. From this study, it is inferred that, for accurate modeling of heat capacity of pure Am‐Par celluloses with large fragments of glucose, the C36 FF needs re‐parameterization.
Newly identified miRNAs may contribute to aerenchyma formation in sugarcane roots
Authors: Queiroz de Pinho Tavares Eveline , Camara Mattos Martins Marina , Grandis Adriana , Romim Grayce H. , Rusiska Piovezani Amanda , Weissmann Gaiarsa Jonas , Silveira Buckeridge Marcos 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSmall RNAs comprise three families of noncoding regulatory RNAs that control gene expression by blocking mRNA translation or leading to mRNA cleavage. Such post‐transcriptional negative regulation is relevant for both plant development and environmental adaptations. An important biotechnological application of miRNA identification is the discovery of regulators and effectors of cell wall degradation, which can improve/facilitate hydrolysis of cell wall polymers for second‐generation bioethanol production. The recent characterization of plant innate cell wall modifications occurring during root aerenchyma development triggered by ethylene led to the possibility of prospection for mechanisms of cell wall disassembly in sugarcane. By using next‐generation sequencing, 39 miRNAs were identified in root segments along the process of aerenchyma development. Among them, 31 miRNAs were unknown to the sugarcane miRBase repository but previously identified as produced by its relative Sorghum bicolor. Key putative targets related to signal transduction, carbohydrate metabolic process, and cell wall organization or biogenesis were among the most representative gene categories targeted by miRNA. They belong to the subclasses of genes associated with the four modules of cell wall modification in sugarcane roots: cell expansion, cell separation, hemicellulose, and cellulose hydrolysis. Thirteen miRNAs possibly related to ethylene perception and signaling were also identified. Our findings suggest that miRNAs may be involved in the regulation of cell wall degradation during aerenchyma formation. This work also points out to potential molecular tools for sugarcane improvement in the context of second‐generation biofuels.
Structural and biochemical characterization of SADS‐CoV papain‐like protease 2
Authors: Wang Lu , Hu Weihua , Fan Chengpeng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSwine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS‐CoV) is a novel coronavirus that is involved in severe diarrhea disease in piglets, causing considerable agricultural and economic loss in China. The emergence of this new coronavirus increases the importance of understanding SADS‐CoV as well as antivirals. Coronaviral proteases, including main proteases and papain‐like proteases (PLP), are attractive antiviral targets because of their essential roles in polyprotein processing and thus viral maturation. Here, we describe the biochemical and structural identification of recombinant SADS papain‐like protease 2 (PLP2) domain of nsp3. The SADS‐CoV PLP2 was shown to cleave nsp1 proteins and also peptides mimicking the nsp2|nsp3 cleavage site and also had deubiquitinating and deISGynating activity by in vitro assays. The crystal structure adopts an architecture resembling that of PLPs from other coronaviruses. We characterize both conserved and unique structural features likely directing the interaction of PLP2 with the substrates, including the tentative mapping of active site and other essential residues. These results provide a foundation for understanding the molecular basis of coronaviral PLPs' catalytic mechanism and for the screening and design of therapeutics to combat infection by SADS coronavirus.
A critical review of graphics for subgroup analyses in clinical trials
Authors: Ballarini Nicolás M. , Chiu Yi‐Da , König Franz , Posch Martin , Jaki Thomas 
Published: March 2020

SUMMARYSubgroup analyses are a routine part of clinical trials to investigate whether treatment effects are homogeneous across the study population. Graphical approaches play a key role in subgroup analyses to visualise effect sizes of subgroups, to aid the identification of groups that respond differentially, and to communicate the results to a wider audience. Many existing approaches do not capture the core information and are prone to lead to a misinterpretation of the subgroup effects. In this work, we critically appraise existing visualisation techniques, propose useful extensions to increase their utility and attempt to develop an effective visualisation approach. We focus on forest plots, UpSet plots, Galbraith plots, subpopulation treatment effect pattern plot, and contour plots, and comment on other approaches whose utility is more limited. We illustrate the methods using data from a prostate cancer study.
Mapping the world's coral reefs using a global multiscale earth observation framework
Authors: B. Lyons Mitchell , M. Roelfsema Chris , V. Kennedy Emma , M. Kovacs Eva , Borrego‐Acevedo Rodney , Markey Kathryn , Roe Meredith , M. Yuwono Doddy , L. Harris Daniel , R. Phinn Stuart , Asner Gregory P. , Li Jiwei , E. Knapp David , S. Fabina Nicholas , Larsen Kirk , Traganos Dimosthenis , J. Murray Nicholas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCoral reefs are among the most diverse and iconic ecosystems on Earth, but a range of anthropogenic pressures are threatening their persistence. Owing to their remoteness, broad spatial coverage and cross‐jurisdictional locations, there are no high‐resolution remotely sensed maps available at the global scale. Here we present a framework that is capable of mapping coral reef habitats from individual reefs (~200 km2) to entire barrier reef systems (200 000 km2) and across vast ocean extents (>6 000 000 km2). This is the first time this has been demonstrated using a consistent and transparent remote sensing mapping framework. The ten maps that we present achieved good accuracy (78% mean overall accuracy) from multiple input image datasets and training data sources, and our framework was shown to be adaptable to either benthic or geomorphic reef features and across diverse coral reef environments. These new generation high‐resolution map data will be useful for supporting ecosystem risk assessments, detecting change in ecosystem dynamics and targeting efforts to monitor local‐scale changes in coral cover and reef health.
Synergistic RGO/Black TiO2/2D‐ZIF‐8 Ternary Heterogeneous Composite with Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: He Jiahui , Ye Jin , Zhang Yue , Kong Lingbo , Zhou Xuejian , Ma Yehui , Yang Yongfang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA ternary heterogeneous composite combining reduced graphene oxide (RGO), black titanium dioxide (B−TiO2) nanosheets and two dimensional ZIF‐8 sheets (2D‐ZIF‐8) was prepared. Under hydrothermal condition, B−TiO2 nanosheets and GO were tightly bound together, and meanwhile GO was reduced to RGO. Upon mixing with poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP)‐modified 2D‐ZIF‐8, the RGO/B−TiO2/2D‐ZIF‐8 ternary composite was obtained by PVP binding between B−TiO2 and 2D‐ZIF‐8. The introduction of 2D‐ZIF‐8 endowed the ternary composite a good adsorption capability of contaminant and followed degradation in situ at the site of adsorption. Owing to synergistic catalysis of oxygen vacancy and the formation of double heterogeneous interfaces, the prepared ternary composite had good visible light adsorption and rapid charge separation rate, which improved the photocatalytic performance. The rate constant of photocatalytic degradation of doxycycline hydrochloride and methylene blue by RGO/B−TiO2/2D‐ZIF‐8 was determined to be 0.0118 and 0.0232 min−1, respectively, which are 2.68 and 3.3 times that of B−TiO2. This study could provide deep insight for the design of high and bi‐functional activity catalysts based on the assembly of two‐dimensional sheet.
An Efficient Fluorescent Probe for Tetracycline Detection Based on Histidine‐Templated Copper Nanoclusters
Authors: Cai Zhifeng , Zhu Ruitao , Chen Siying , Wu Liangliang , Qi Kaifei , Zhang Caifeng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this contribution, we established a simple, green, fast and cost‐effective strategy to prepare green‐emitting fluorescence copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) by using histidine as a stabilizer and ascorbic acid as a reducing agent. A series of characterization methods including fluorescence spectroscopy, UV‐vis absorption spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the Cu NCs. The histidine‐capped Cu NCs (His‐Cu NCs) was well dispersed and exhibited good water solubility, excellent photostability and salt resistance. Interestingly, it was discovered that tetracycline caused a sensitive and selective decline in the fluorescence intensity of His‐Cu NCs for the first time. The proposed analysis system showed a wide linear range from 0.1 to 110 μM, and the detection limit was 0.047 μM. After that, the fluorescent assay was successfully employed to analyze tetracycline in lake water samples.
Multicamera measurement system to evaluate the dynamic response of utility‐scale wind turbine blades
Authors: Poozesh Peyman , Sabato Alessandro , Sarrafi Aral , Niezrecki Christopher , Avitabile Peter , Yarala Rahul 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWind turbine blade certification requires static and fatigue testing at a large‐scale facility similar to the Wind Technology Testing Center (WTTC) located in Charlestown, Massachusetts. Usually, these tests are conducted by using wire‐based sensors such as strain gages, accelerometers, and string potentiometers. These systems are expensive, require a time‐consuming installation (e.g., up to 3 weeks and $35 k–$50 k for a strain gage system on a 55‐m‐long blade), are difficult to deploy on large‐sized structures, require additional instrumentations (e.g., power amplifiers and data acquisition systems), and produce results only at a handful of a discrete number of measurement points. In this study, a multicamera measurement system is implemented and experimentally evaluated to obtain full‐field displacement and strain over a ~12‐m‐long portion of a ~60‐m utility‐scale wind turbine blade. The proposed system has the potential to streamline the certification process by reducing the blade's preparation and sensor installation cost and time to a few hundreds of dollars (for painting equipment) and a few days for preparing the surface of the blade for the test. Furthermore, operational modal analysis was used in conjunction with the multicamera system to estimate the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the wind turbine blade. The obtained results have shown that the proposed approach can detect in‐plane displacement as low as 0.2 mm, mechanical strain with an error below 3% when compared with measurement performed using strain gages, and the first five natural frequencies with an error below 2% when compared with data recorded using traditional wire‐based accelerometers. This paper presents these results and provides a summary of the strengths and weaknesses of the proposed optical measurement approach in the context of streamlining the blade certification/testing process and performing vision‐based structural dynamic measurements on large‐scale structures.
Poincaré- and Sobolev- Type Inequalities for Complex m-Hessian Equations
Authors: Åhag Per , Czyż Rafał 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBy using quasi-Banach techniques as key ingredient we prove Poincaré- and Sobolev- type inequalities for m-subharmonic functions with finite (p, m)-energy. A consequence of the Sobolev type inequality is a partial confirmation of Błocki’s integrability conjecture for m-subharmonic functions.
Methods for detection of viable foodborne pathogens: current state-of-art and future prospects
Authors: Foddai Antonio C. G. , Grant Irene R. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The ability to rapidly detect viable pathogens in food is important for public health and food safety reasons. Culture-based detection methods, the traditional means of demonstrating microbial viability, tend to be laborious, time consuming and slow to provide results. Several culture-independent methods to detect viable pathogens have been reported in recent years, including both nucleic acid–based (PCR combined with use of cell viability dyes or reverse-transcriptase PCR to detect messenger RNA) and phage-based (plaque assay or phage amplification and lysis plus PCR/qPCR, immunoassay or enzymatic assay to detect host DNA, progeny phages or intracellular components) methods. Some of these newer methods, particularly phage-based methods, show promise in terms of speed, sensitivity of detection and cost compared with culture for food testing. This review provides an overview of these new approaches and their food testing applications, and discusses their current limitations and future prospects in relation to detection of viable pathogens in food.

Key points
• Cultural methods may be ‘gold standard’ for assessing viability of pathogens, but they are too slow.
• Nucleic acid–based methods offer speed of detection but not consistently proof of cell viability.
• Phage-based methods appear to offer best alternative to culture for detecting viable pathogens.
Long‐Term Evaluation of the Outcomes of Subtotal Laparoscopic and Robotic Splenectomy in Hereditary Spherocytosis
Authors: Manciu Simona , Nae Georgiana‐Aurelia , Diaconu Adriana , Colita Anca , Dragomir Mihnea P. , Purnichescu‐Purtan Raluca , Tudor Stefan , Vasilescu Catalin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundHereditary spherocytosis (HS) is a common inherited disease affecting the erythrocyte membrane. Total splenectomy (TS) is effective in reducing hemolysis and decreasing the need of transfusions, but total removal of the spleen represents a potential risk factor for infectious and non‐infectious complications. On the other hand, subtotal splenectomy (STS) could be an alternative therapy for HS. The aim of this study is to establish which surgical approach has the best outcome in HS.MethodsAll patients (n = 63) receiving splenectomy for HS between 2002 and 2016 from one institution were retrospectively reviewed. Hemoglobin and reticulocytes levels during preoperative and postoperative follow‐up periods were compared. Additionally, a meta‐analysis was performed analyzing data regarding hemoglobin and reticulocytes levels from several available studies.ResultAt 1‐year follow‐up, our clinical data showed that mean hemoglobin levels increased after TS from (mean ± SD) 9.77 ± 1.82 to 11.88 ± 2.08 g/dl, while after STS from 8.98 ± 1.66 to 11.87 ± 1.38 g/dl. At 3‐year and 5‐year follow‐up after TS, we observed an increase from 9.77 ± 1.82 to 13.59 ± 2.03 and 13.46 ± 1.64 g/dl, respectively. At 3‐year and 5‐year follow‐up after STS in our cohort, we observed an increase from 8.98 ± 1.66 to 13.21 ± 1.95 and 13.68 ± 1.65 g/dl, respectively. The meta‐analysis (for a follow‐up period of 1 year) showed that the hemoglobin levels increased with 2.61 g/dl (95% CI 2.15–3.08 g/dl; p < 0.001) after TS, and with 1.67 g/dl (95% CI 1.25–2.10 g/dl; p < 0.001) after STS.ConclusionWe conclude that subtotal and minimally invasive splenectomy could be considered as the first line of treatment in severe HS cases, especially in children.
Epigenetic control in Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection and associated disease
Authors: Fröhlich Jacqueline , Grundhoff Adam 
Published: March 2020

AbstractKaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiologic agent of several malignancies of endothelial and B-cell origin. The fact that latently infected tumor cells in these malignancies do not express classical viral oncogenes suggests that pathogenesis of KSHV-associated disease results from multistep processes that, in addition to constitutive viral gene expression, may require accumulation of cellular alterations. Heritable changes of the epigenome have emerged as an important co-factor that contributes to the pathogenesis of many non-viral cancers. Since KSHV encodes a number of factors that directly or indirectly manipulate host cell chromatin, it is an intriguing possibility that epigenetic reprogramming also contributes to the pathogenesis of KSHV-associated tumors. The fact that heritable histone modifications have also been shown to regulate viral gene expression programs in KSHV-infected tumor cells underlines the importance of epigenetic control during latency and tumorigenesis. We here review what is presently known about the role of epigenetic regulation of viral and host chromatin in KSHV infection and discuss how viral manipulation of these processes may contribute to the development of KSHV-associated disease.
Response of the Asian summer Monsoons to a high-latitude thermal forcing: mechanisms and nonlinearities
Authors: Talento Stefanie , Osborn Timothy J. , Joshi Manoj , Ratna Satyaban B. , Luterbacher Jürg 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study investigates mechanisms and nonlinearities in the response of the Asian Summer Monsoons (ASM) to high-latitude thermal forcings of different amplitudes. Using a suite of runs carried out with an intermediate-complexity atmospheric general circulation model, we find that the imposed forcings produce a strong precipitation response over the eastern ASM but a rather weak response over the southern ASM. The forcing also causes a precipitation dipole with wet conditions over the eastern Tibetan Plateau (TP) and dry conditions over the Bay of Bengal (BoB) and southeast Asia. A moderate increase of precipitation along the southern margin of the TP is also produced. Simulations designed to isolate the causal mechanisms show that thermodynamic interactions involving the tropical surface oceans are far less important than the water-vapour feedback for the transmission of information from the high-latitudes to the ASM. Additionally, we assess the nonlinearity of the ASM precipitation response to the forcing amplitude using a novel application of the empirical orthogonal function method. The response can be decomposed in two overlapping patterns. The first pattern represents a precipitation dipole with wet conditions over the eastern TP and dry conditions over BoB, which linearly increases with forcing amplitude becoming quasi-stationary for large forcing amplitudes (i.e. amplitudes leading to Arctic temperature anomalies larger than 10 °C). The second pattern is associated with increased precipitation over the southeastern TP and is nonlinearly dependent on forcing, being most important for intermediate forcing amplitudes (i.e. amplitudes leading to Arctic temperature anomalies between 5 and 10 °C).