bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and economic outcomes of hospital pharmaceutical care: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lin Guohua , Huang Rong , Zhang Jing , Li Gaojie , Chen Lei , Xi Xiaoyu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Hospital clinical pharmacists have been working in many countries for many years and clinical pharmaceutical care have a positive effect on the recovery of patients. In order to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and economic outcomes of clinical pharmaceutical care, relevant clinical trial studies were reviewed and analysed. Methods: Two researchers searched literatures published from January 1992 to October 2019, and screened them by keywords like pharmaceutical care, pharmaceutical services, pharmacist interventions, outcomes, effects, impact, etc. Then, duplicate literatures were removed and the titles, abstracts and texts were read to screen literatures according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Key data in the literature were extracted, and Meta-analysis was conducted using the literature with common outcome indicators. Results: A total of 3299 articles were retrieved, and 42 studies were finally included. Twelve of them were used for meta-analysis. Among the 42 studies included, the main results of pharmaceutical care showed positive effects, 36 experimental groups were significantly better than the control group, and the remaining 6 studies showed mixed or no effects. Meta-analysis showed that clinical pharmacists had significant effects on reducing systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure and shortening hospitalization days (P<0.05), but no statistical significance in reducing medical costs (P>0.05). Conclusion: clinical pharmacists' pharmaceutical care has a significant positive effect on patients' clinical effects, but has no significant economic effect.
Twinning Partnership Helps to Accelerate the Performance of District Health Systems Towards Achieving Universal Health Coverage
Authors: Argaw Mesele Damte , Desta Binyam Fekadu , Kibret Mengistu Asnake , Abebe Melkamu Getu , Heyi Wubishet Kebede , Mamo Elias , Gebru Tesfaye , Gela Chala , Tefera Bekele Belayhun , Bele Temesgen Ayehu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background The twinning partnership is a formal and substantive collaboration between two districts to improve their performance in providing primary healthcare services. The ‘win-win’ twinning partnership pairs relatively high and low performing districts. The purpose of this formative evaluation is to use the empirically derived systems model as an analytical framework to systematically document the inputs, throughputs and outputs of the twinning partnership strategy. Methods This evaluation employed a case study research design and was conducted from October 2018 to September 2019, in Amhara, Oromia, Southern, Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ (SNNP) and Tigray Regions. Qualitative data was collected using interviewer-guided semi-structured interview tools. The data were transcribed verbatim, translated into English and analyzed through the theoretical framework called Bergen Model of Collaborative Functioning (BMCF). Quantitative data were extracted from Routine Health Management Information System. Results were presented using average, percentages and graphs. Result The result of this case study revealed that scanning the mission of the twinning partnership and focusing on a shared vision coupled with mobilizing internal and external resources were the fundamental input element for successful twinning partnership at the district level. In addition, the context of pursuing Universal Health Coverage (UHC) through achieving transformed districts can be enhanced through deploying skilled and knowledgeable leadership, defining clear roles and responsibilities for all stakeholders, forming agreed detailed action plans and effective communication that leads to additive results and synergy. The twinning partnership implementing districts benefit from the formal relationship and accelerate their performances towards meeting criteria of transformed districts in Ethiopia. At the baseline measurement stage, only two out of eight districts achieved a medium performance status; at mid-term, two districts achieved high performance status and during the end-line results out of eight twinning targeted districts, three districts fulfilled the transformation criteria, three districts were categorized as medium performers and the remaining two districts fell into the low performing districts category. Conclusions The implemented twinning partnership helped to accelerate the health system’s performance in achieving the district transformation criteria. Therefore, scaling up the implementation of the twinning partnership strategy is recommended.
Quantitative Measurements of Adaptive Bone Remodeling Around the Cemented Zimmer® Segmental Stem After Tumor Resection Arthroplasty Using Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry
Authors: Holm Christina Enciso , Horstmann Peter Frederik , Sørensen Michala Skovlund , Dyreborg Karen , Petersen Michael Mørk 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Limb salvage surgery is the preferred method for treatment of patients with sarcomas and to a greater extent also to patients with metastatic bone disease. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the adaptive remodeling of the periprosthetic cortical bone after insertion of a tumor prosthesis with cemented stem. Methods :A prospective study of 21 patients (F/M=12/9), mean age 55 years (range 15-81) with metastatic bone disease (n=9), sarcomas (n=8) or aggressive benign tumors (n=4) who underwent bone tumor resection and reconstruction with a tumor-prosthesis (Zimmer® Segmental 130 mm straight fluted cemented stem with trabecular metal collars in the proximal femur (n=10), distal femur (n=9) or proximal tibia (n=2) . Measurements of bone mineral density (BMD) (g/cm 2 ) were done postoperatively and after 3, 6, and 12 months using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. BMD was measured in 4 regions of interest around the cemented stem and in one region of interest 1 cm proximal from the ankle joint of the affected limb and measurement of the contralateral ankle was used as reference. Repeated measures ANOVA and students paired t-test was used to evaluate BMD changes over time. Results: At 1-year follow-up, BMD decreased compared to baseline in all four regions of interest with a statistically significant bone loss of 8-15%. The bone loss was most pronounced (14-15%) in the 2 regions of interest closest to the trabecular metal collar and lowest (8%) adjacent to the tip of the stem. Conclusion: After one year the decrease in bone mineral density of the ankle on the affected limb was 9% and the contralateral ankle was close to baseline, thus suggesting that the periprosthetic bone mineral density changes during follow-up, mainly are caused by stress shielding and immobilization. Trial registration The study was approved by the Scientific Ethical Committee of the Capital Region of Denmark (J. No. H-2-2014-105) and the Danish Data Protection Agency (J. No.:2012-58-00004).
México: Estimación de la migración internacional en el periodo 1960-1980
Authors: Castro Martignoni Jorge 
Published: April 2020

En este trabajo se presenta una estimación sobre el número de inmigrantes, emigrantes y migrantes netos internacionales por sexo y grupos de edades, para cada uno de los cuatro intervalos quinquenales de migración contenidos en el periodo que va de 1960 a 1980.Se describe de la forma más acabada posible, el procedimiento empleado en la estimación de los migrantes internacionales de entrada y de salida, para los períodos de migración 1960-1965,1965-1970, 1970-1975 Y 1975-1980, concluyendo con la presentación de las estimaciones resultantes.En el caso de la emigración, las fuentes de datos utilizadas fueron fundamentalmente el Censo de Población de Estados Unidos de 1980 a través de las estimaciones de Warren y Passel y la información derivada del proyecto de Investigación de la Migración Internacional de Latinoamérica (lMILA) llevado a cabo por el Centro Latinoamericano de Demografía (CELADE). La fuente de datos principal para la estimación de la inmigración internacional fue el Censo General de Población y Vivienda de 1980 de la república mexicana.El hecho de tener que recurrir a fuentes de datos diferentes para la estimación de cada una de las dos componentes de la inmigración internacional, requiere de un cuidadoso tratamiento de los datos básicos, sin el cual se llegaría a resultados que contendrían importantes limitaciones producto de la falta de comparabilidad estricta entre las fuentes de información utilizadas. En este sentido, el trabajo pone especial cuidado en el tratamiento de las estimaciones de inmigrantes internacionales de retorno a México y inmigrantes internacionales extranjeros
Calcar-Guided Short Stems in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Two-Year Prospective Multicentre Study
Authors: Mittelstaedt Hagen , Hochreiter Josef , Anderl Conrad , Johl Carsten , Krüger Thomas , Hubel Wilmar , Weigert Ulrich , Schagemann Jan C. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Calcar-guided short-stem Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) is increasingly being used to preserve proximal femoral bone stock for potential later revision surgery.

Objective:
In this study, we aimed to expand the clinical evidence on calcar-guided short-stem THA used in daily clinical practice, focusing on clinical outcomes as well as radiographic signs of stress shielding and femoral bone loss.

Methods:
In a prospective multicentre study, we enrolled 213 patients with a total of 224 THAs for mainly degenerative indications. The patients were examined clinically and radiographically 6 to 12 weeks, 12 months, and 24 months postoperatively.

Results:
All clinical outcomes improved significantly over the first 6 to 12 weeks compared to preoperative values (P < 0.001). At 24 months, the mean Harris hip score was 95.3 ± 6.7, and the mean visual analogue scale for pain was 1.0 ± 1.7 under load and 0.5 ± 1.3 at rest. We observed early distal stem migration in six patients and late migration in one patient. Additionally, we found 16 cases of radiographic signs indicative of stress shielding. Four patients required stem revision surgery: two for stem migration, one for periprosthetic fracture, and one for deep infection.

Conclusion:
Overall, calcar-guided short-stem THA resulted in excellent clinical outcomes after two years of follow-up, and the radiographs revealed few signs of stress shielding. We, therefore, regard calcar-guided short-stem THA as a safe and effective treatment alternative in daily clinical practice.
Effects of Split Application of Urea Fertilizer on Soil Chemical Properties, Maize Performance and Profitability in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Ogunboye Oluwaseyi I. , Adekiya Aruna O. , S. Ewulo Babatunde , Olayanju Adeniyi 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Since N fertilizer applied to maize (Zea mays L.) is prone to loss by leaching, it is important to derive an application time during the phenology of maize when the fertilizer is most efficiently and effectively used by the crop with minimal losses.

Objective:
Hence, experiments were carried out in 2014 at two locations in Osogbo southwest Nigeria to determine the effects of split application of N fertilizer on soil chemical properties, maize performance, and profitability.

Methods:
The treatments were: (i) control, (ii) 120 kg N ha-1 Applied at Planting (AP), (iii) two split applications (SA) of 120 kg N ha-1 {90 kg N ha-1 applied AP + 30kg N ha-1 at thirty Days After Planting (DAP) [90 + 30]}, and (iv) three SA of 120 kg N ha-1 {60 kg N ha-1 applied AP + 30 kg N ha-1 thirty DAP + 30 kg N ha-1 at tasselling[60+30+30]}. The four treatments were arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates.

Results:
Results indicate that at both sites, SA three times (60+30+30) has the most improved soil chemical properties, growth and yield of maize relative to other methods. The yield parameters increased in the order: control < 120 kg N ha-1 applied once < 90+30 < 60+30+30. Using the mean of both sites, 60+30+30 increased yield of maize by 15.3%, 37.1% and 138.2%, respectively compared with 90+30, 120 kg N ha-1 applied once and the control. Optimum returns were recorded by 60+30+30 with net return of ₦ 227,600 and a benefit cost ratio of 3.67:1 while the application of 120 kg N ha-1 applied once has a return of ₦ 157,200 with a benefit ratio of 2.9. These results show that farmers would benefit by making more profit by adopting the method of SA of N fertilizer three times (60+30+30).

Conclusion:
Therefore, for improved soil chemical properties, growth, yield and profitability of maize, N fertilizer application should be structured in accordance with this pattern of uptake to avoid losses by leaching and therefore ensure that N level in the soil is high at the critical stage of N demand.
PROFIL SEBARAN GETARAN DI LINGKUNGAN INDUSTRI MESIN MINUMAN
Authors: Fatkhurrahman Januar Arif , Romadhon Moch Syarif 
Published: April 2020

Kinerja mesin produksi pada industri mesin minuman, terutama pada mesin pencetak menimbulkan getaran mekanik yang merambat ke lingkungan kerja. Efek getaran yang merambat pada lingkungan kerja dapat dianalisis berdasarkan gangguan terhadap kenyamanan kerja terhadap jarak rambat getaran. Kegiatan penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tahapan; pengambilan data getaran, analisis efek getaran terhadap ukkan kenyamanan kerja berdasar frekuensi dan jarak rambat getaran, dan pendekatan persamaan matematis terhadap tingkat getaran pada profil mesin pencetak di industri mesin minuman. Dari hasil analisis efek getaran terhadap kenyamanan kerja, rambat getaran semakin melemah seiring dengan jarak, paparan tertinggi getaran terjadi pada jarak 6 – 12 meter dari sumber getaran, penggunaan matlab digunakan untuk melihat profil Rambat Getaran terukur dilihat dari persamaan matematis rambat getaran. Profil Rambat Getaran hasil pengukuran belum cukup equal dengan persamaan matematis rambat getaran, dikarenakan banyaknya traksumber gangguan getaran lain di sekitar lokasi pengukuran.
PENGARUH H2O2, PH DAN SUMBER SINAR PADA DEGRADASI AIR LIMBAH PEWARNA INDIGO MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS TIO2
Authors: Djarwanti D , Syahroni Cholid 
Published: April 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian adalah mengkaji sampai sejauh mana pengaruh peroksida, pH dan sumber sinar lampu UV dan sinar matahari dalam proses degradasi fotokatalisis terhadap air limbah indigo menggunakan reaktor rotating drum . Tahapan penelitian adalah : pembuatan katalis TiO2 /Ti secara anodizing, karakterisasi katalis melalui uji XRD dan SEM dilanjutkan dengan degradasi fotokatalisis air limbah pewarna indigo Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa struktur kristal adalah anatase dengan ukuran 4 – 17 nm. Bentuk Kristal nanotube berdiameter 100 nm. Hasil degradasi secara fotokatalitik dengan variasi penambahan hidrogen peroksida menunjukkan hasil terbaik pada penambahan peroksida 0,1% volum. Variasi pH tidak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap degradasi sampel limbah indigo baik itu pH asam maupun basa. Degradasi di bawah sinar matahari memberi efek lebih baik dibanding dengan lampu UV.
Kajian Penerapan Produksi Bersih di Industri Tahu di Desa Jimbaran, Bandungan, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Djayanti Silvy 
Published: April 2020

Peran industri kecil di beberapa wilayah Kabupaten Semarang sangat penting dalam menunjang perekonomian, khususnya di sekitar lokasi industri tersebut. Salah satu industri kecil yang memiliki potensi berkembang adalah industri tahu. Di Jawa tengah ada sekitar 500 industri tahu, yang sampai saat ini masih terus mengembangkan kapasitas produksinya. Industri tahu adalah salah satu industri kecil yang berpotensi menyebabkan masalah lingkungan. Hampir seluruh industri kecil, terutama industri tahu, sebagian besar tidak memiliki instalasi pemanfaatan limbah dan pengolahan limbah, karena dibutuhkan investasi yang besar untuk membangun unit tersebut. Dengan melihat masalah tersebut, pendekatan yang dapat menyelesaikan masalah tersebut adalah dengan cara menerapkan produksi bersih. Kajian penerapan teknologi bersih ini dilakukan dengan metode quick scanning pada setiap tahapan proses produksi. Proses produksi tahu terdiri dari pemilihan kedelai, penimbangan kedelai, perendaman, pencucian, penggilingan, ekstraksi, penyaringan, pemasakan, penggumpalan, pemisahan whey, pembungkusan, pengepresan, pemasakan, dan pengemasan. Pada proses pembuatan tahu di industri ini memiliki perbedaan dari pembuatan tahu di Industri tahu lain, yaitu terdapat penambahan garam dan bawang putih untuk menambah sedap produk tahu. Hasil kajian penerapan produksi bersih di industri tahu adalah good house keeping, recycle, reduce dan reuse. Berdasarkan beberapa kriteria kelayakan, alternatif penerapan produksi bersih untuk industri ini berupa modifikasi tungku yang dilengkapi dengan cerobong asap, modifikasi alat penyaringan dengan mesin, dan pembangunan instalasi digester untuk penghasil biogas. Kesimpulan kajian ini industri tahu ini belum mengenal produksi bersih. Manfaat yang diperoleh dari penerapan produksi bersih berupa penghematan bahan bakar, peningkatan rendemen filtrat tahu, dan kebersihan lingkungan.
KOMPARASI ANALISIS TOTAL COLIFORM DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE MPN 5 TABUNG DAN ENZIM SUBSTRAT
Authors: Handayani Novarina Irnaning 
Published: April 2020

Dalam pemantauan kualitas lingkungan untuk air minum, air bersih, air limbah, dan air sungai, mensyaratkan aspek mikrobiologi parameter coliform dan atau coli tinja sebagai indikator pencemaran lingkungan. Pada saat ini metode yang paling banyak digunakan adalah Number (MPN) 5 tabung yang memiliki waktu pengerjaan minimal 4 hari. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menjajaki kemungkinan pemakaian metode lain yang telah terstandarisasi dan memiliki beberapa keunggulan. Metode yang dipilih adalah enzim substrat. Uji laboratorium dilakukan dengan membandingkan hasil analisis antara MPN 5 tabung dan enzim substrat, masing-masing dengan ulangan 7 kali. Hasil komparasi menunjukkan bahwa analisa dengan menggunakan metode enzim substrat memberikan hasil yang lebih besar atau lebih sensitif dibanding MPN 5 tabung. Pada sampel yang mengandung bakteri coli yang tinggi, dalam hal ini pada sampel air limbah dan air sungai perbedaan hasil antara MPN 5 tabung dan enzim substrat sangat signifikan, sedangkan pada sampel dengan kandungan coli kecil atau tidak ada, hasil keduanya sama. Metode enzim substrat sangat direkomendasikan untuk sampel air minum dan air bersih sehingga akan memberikan hasil yang lebih meyakinkan bagi penggunanya. Kandungan coliform pada sampel air minum dan air bersih walaupun sangat kecil akan benar-benar terdeteksi oleh metode yang memiliki sensitifitas lebih baik.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL DETECTION OF GAMMA RADIATION AND POLLUTING GASES USING QUADROCOPTERS
Authors: Molnar A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Aim. Accurate knowledge of the extent and local distribution of pollution plays a key role in many areas of life.Method. Although there are many well-known and generally-accepted methods for obtaining the intended data, these methods do not give a satisfactory result in cases when it is necessary to determine the exact parameters of pollution quickly and in a relatively small area (e.g. an industrial zone of several square kilometers, a residential area, etc.) and to determine changes in these parameters as expressed numerically. Small UAVs (multicopter with fixed or rotating wing) were equipped with sensitive detectors for gamma rays and polluting gases, including the assignation of flight data coordinates to the measured data. Such informational groupings provide the opportunity to determine the distribution of radiation or air polluting gases. Using this method, it is possible to identify and localise illegally-stored or illegally-released gamma ray emitting materials, continuously monitor pollution caused by chemical disasters and determine the spatial distribution of pollution.Results. The article presents systems based on practical experiments, which, in the case of using a gamma detector, allow the localisation of objects using low radiation doses along with a high-quality map of gamma radiation in a specific area; and, in the case of gas sensors, the visualisation of the spatial distribution of a polluting gas. The method is used primarily in the field to detect gamma emitters with low activity or to analyse the emission of industrial facilities with the emission of pollutants.Conclusion. The combination of spatial coordinates with remote sensing data comprises an effective meas-urement method. The developed system is generally applicable for mobile platforms equipped with sensors. The systems are designed to provide fast, efficient and reliable measurements that can be used for both detection and control. The type of pollutants to be measured depends on the sensors used. The experiments also indicate that, when replacing the used sensors, it may be necessary to change the processing of the measured data in accordance with the characteristics of the particular sensor; however, in general, data processing and visualisation of the results can be carried out in practice.
ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY STRUCTURE FORMING THE GROUNDWORK FOR A TERRITORIAL ENVIRONMENTAL PASSPORT
Authors: Bolsherotov A. L. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Aim.The aim of the study is to develop an environmental passport based on the structure of integrated environmental safety for construction projects. With each year that passes, environmental problems are coming increasingly to the fore. As part of mitigation efforts, an environmental passport is required to assess and control the environmental safety of construction areas and building sites.Method.The study is based on the development of a sound model of integrated environmental safety in construction projects and a methodology for calculating its indicators, in particular, the indicator of “degree of concentration”. The methodology of ranking the factors by importance is applied.Results.The structure of a building site's environmental passport is presented, taking the entire spectrum of its direct impact and environmental pollution into account, as well as the indirect impact, energy efficiency and autonomy of the site. The scope of the environmental passport comprises the entire building lifecycle, from design to operation and liquidation. An environmental passport en-ables the identification of problematic impacts on the geophraphical area from an environmental point of view, as well as giving recommendations for resolving problems. The threshold of environ-mental safety is set for each geographical area under assessment (i.e., for each building project and geographical area, it is determined by the composition of relevant factors) and the existing level of environmental pollution is determined along with the ecological reserve of the area and its steady state range, i.e., the acceptable level of deviation of environmental safety indicators, which depends on temporary factors and the objective reality of the functioning of the infrastructure of the evaluated territory. For the design and construction of building projects, indicators of environmental reserve and technogenic pressure of the facility are of fundamental importance when making decisions.Conclusion.The article presents a rational assessment of the main indicators of the environmental pass-port, providing the structure of a comprehensive assessment of environmental safety. The research results are presented and the scope of the environmental passport proposed in the assessment of geo-graphical areas and evaluation of facilities and design.