bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between atopic dermatitis and serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D in children: Influence of sun exposure, diet, and atopy features—A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sanmartin Rosalía , Pardos Carlos , Doste Divina , Aguilera Jose , Alijarde Roberto , Jesús Agón‐Banzo Pedro , García‐Malinis Ana Julia , Puzo José , Hernández‐Martín Ángela , Gilaberte Yolanda 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have linked low serum vitamin D (VD) or 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels with increased severity of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between serum VD (25(OH)D) levels and AD and AD severity, considering the influence of diet and sun exposure.MethodsWe performed a prospective cross‐sectional study of healthy controls and children diagnosed with AD. Participants were recruited between January 2011 and December 2012, and the following parameters were assessed: age, sex, body mass index (BMI), AD severity, Fitzpatrick skin type, asthma and rhinitis history, dietary VD intake, daily potential sun‐induced VD production, sunscreen use, 25(OH)D and IgE serum levels, and results of the ImmunoCAP Phadiatop Infant test.ResultsThe study population consisted of 105 healthy controls and 134 AD patients. Serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in moderate and severe AD than in mild AD, although this association was only significant for patients with light Fitzpatrick skin type (mean(SD) 36.7 (11.9) ng/mL; moderate 28.8 [11.5] ng/mL; and severe 27.6 [12.1] ng/mL, P = .045). Logistic regression analysis revealed a positive association between severe AD and both positive ImmunoCAP Phadiatop test and BMI.ConclusionOur data support an association between VD deficiency and AD severity only in patients with light complexion.
Is it all in the eye of the beholder? The importance of situation construal for situational judgment test performance
Authors: Freudenstein Jan‐Philipp , Schäpers Philipp , Roemer Lena , Mussel Patrick , Krumm Stefan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRecent research challenges the importance of situation descriptions for situational judgment test (SJT) performance. This study contributes to resolving the ongoing debate on whether SJTs are situational measures, by incorporating findings on person × situation interactions into SJT research. Specifically, across three studies (NTotal = 1,239), we first tested whether situation construal (i.e., the individual perception of situations in SJTs) predicts responses to SJT items. Second, we assessed whether the relevance of situation construal for SJT performance depends on test elements (i.e., situation descriptions and response options) and item features (i.e., description‐dependent vs. description‐independent SJT items). Lastly, we determined whether situation construal has incremental validity for job‐related criteria over and above SJT performance. The results showed that, for most SJT items, situation construal significantly contributed to SJT performance, even if only response options were available. This was also true for SJT items that are significantly more difficult to solve when situation descriptions are omitted (i.e., description‐dependent SJT items). Finally, situation construal explained variance in relevant criteria over and above SJT performance. Despite recent efforts to reconceptualize SJTs, our results suggest that they can still be viewed as situational measures. However, situation descriptions may be less crucial for these underlying situational processes. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Acacia plantations in Indonesia facilitate clonal spread of the root pathogen Ganoderma philippii
Authors: Page David E. , Glen Morag , Puspitasari Desy , Prihatini Istiana , Gafur Abdul , Mohammed Caroline L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGanoderma philippii is a root pathogen of many woody plants in tropical regions and is particularly aggressive to Acacia mangium, which is grown on a 6‐year rotation for pulpwood in Indonesia. The disease becomes progressively worse over each rotation and control measures have met with limited success. We studied the population genetics of G. philippii to evaluate the role of sexual and asexual reproduction in its mode of spread. Populations were genetically distinct with high levels of inbreeding, and clonal spread to adjacent trees increased after the first rotation. Despite the high levels of genetic diversity seen at all sampling scales, migration rates appear low. Measures to reduce the underground spread of the pathogen as well as methods to prevent the initiation of new infections from basidiospores will be needed to reduce the incidence of root rot in A. mangium plantations.
Effects of progressive aquatic resistance training on symptoms and quality of life in women with knee osteoarthritis: A secondary analysis
Authors: Munukka Matti , Waller Benjamin , Häkkinen Arja , Nieminen Miika T. , Lammentausta Eveliina , Kujala Urho M. , Paloneva Juha , Kautiainen Hannu , Kiviranta Ilkka , Heinonen Ari 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveTo conduct a secondary analysis to study the effects, those 4 months of aquatic resistance training have on self‐assessed symptoms and quality of life in post‐menopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis (OA), after the intervention and after a 12‐month follow‐up period.MethodsA total of 87 post‐menopausal volunteer women, aged 60‐68 years, with mild knee OA were recruited in a randomized, controlled, 4‐month aquatic training trial (RCT) and randomly assigned to an intervention (n = 43) and a control (n = 44) group. The intervention group participated in 48 supervised aquatic resistance training sessions over 4 months while the control group maintained their usual level of physical activity. Additionally, 77 participants completed the 12‐month post‐intervention follow‐up period. Self‐assessed symptoms were estimated using the OA‐specific Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and Health‐related Quality of life (HRQoL) using the generic Short‐form Health Survey (SF‐36).ResultsAfter 4 months of aquatic resistance training, there was a significant decrease in the stiffness dimension of WOMAC −8.5 mm (95% CI = −14.9 to −2.0, P = .006) in the training group compared to the controls. After the cessation of the training, this benefit was no longer observed during the 12‐month follow‐up. No between‐group differences were observed in any of the SF‐36 dimensions.ConclusionsThe results of this study show that participation in an intensive aquatic resistance training program did not have any short‐ or long‐term impact on pain and physical function or quality of life in women with mild knee OA. However, a small short‐term decrease in knee stiffness was observed.
Killer‐cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor assessment algorithms in haemopoietic progenitor cell transplantation: current perspectives and future opportunities
Authors: Wright Paul A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNatural killer cells preferentially target and kill malignant and virally infected cells. Both these properties present compelling clinical utility in the field of haemopoietic progenitor cell transplantation (HPCT), potentially promoting a graft vs leukaemia effect in the absence of graft vs host disease and protecting against cytomegalovirus activation. Killer Ig‐like receptors (KIR) play a central role in the cytotoxic action of natural killer cells, providing opportunity for improving transplantation outcomes by prioritising potential donors with optimal characteristics. Numerous algorithms for assessing KIR gene content as part of HPCT donor selection protocols exist, but no single model has been found to be universally applicable in all transplant centres. This review summarises several of the predominant strategies in KIR assessment algorithms, discussing their basic scientific principles, clinical utility and benefits to post‐transplant outcomes. Finally, the review will consider how future donor selection protocols could develop towards unifying the concepts of KIR proteomics and genetics for optimising patient care.
Cerebral haemodynamics and oxygenation during whole‐body exercise over 5 days at high altitude
Authors: Marillier Mathieu , Rupp Thomas , Bouzat Pierre , Walther Guillaume , Baillieul Sébastien , Millet Guillaume Y. , Robach Paul , Verges Samuel 
Published: January 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Impairment and subsequent improvement in cerebral oxygenation during acute and prolonged exposure to high altitude affect exercise performance. This study innovates by investigating the effect of acute and prolonged high‐altitude exposure on cerebral haemodynamics during submaximal endurance exercise performed at the same relative intensity.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Despite exercising at the same relative intensity at sea level and high altitude, participants showed a sustained impairment in cerebral oxygenation after prolonged exposure to high altitude, which might contribute to the absence of improvement in exercise tolerance.

AbstractDeterioration and subsequent improvement in cerebral oxygenation during acute and prolonged hypoxic exposure may affect whole‐body exercise performance at high altitude. In this study, we investigated the effect of hypoxic exposure on cerebral haemodynamics at different cortical locations during exercise at the same relative intensity after 1 (D1) and 5 days (D5) at 4350 m. Eleven male subjects performed a submaximal bout of cycling exercise (6 min at 35% + 6 min at 55% + time‐to‐exhaustion at 75% of peak work rate achieved in the same conditions, i.e. normoxia or hypoxia at sea level) on D1 and D5. Transcranial Doppler and near‐infrared spectroscopy were used to assess middle cerebral artery blood velocity and prefrontal and motor cortex oxygenation, respectively. Despite using the same relative intensity, the duration of exercise was reduced on D1 (22.7 ± 5.1 min) compared with sea level (32.2 ± 9.0 min; P < 0.001), with no improvement on D5 (20.9 ± 6.3 min; P > 0.05). Middle cerebral artery blood velocity during exercise was elevated on D1 (+18.2%) and D5 (+15.0%) compared with sea level (P < 0.001). However, prefrontal and motor cortex oxygenation was reduced on D1 and D5 compared with sea level (P < 0.001). This pattern was of similar magnitude between cortical locations, whereas the total haemoglobin concentration increased to a greater extent in the prefrontal versus motor cortex at exhaustion on D1 and D5. In contrast to our primary hypothesis, prefrontal and motor cortex oxygenation and exercise performance did not improve over 5 days at 4350 m. The sustained impairment in cerebral oxygenation might contribute to the absence of improvement in exercise performance after partial acclimatization to high altitude.
Model Pile Installation by Vertical Water Jet in Clay
Authors: Lourenço David Eduardo , Schnaid Fernando , Camaño Schettini Edith Beatriz 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPile installation by water jetting relies extensively upon empirical methods. For more scientific approaches, improvements have to be made in identifying the erosion processes that occur within the zone of soil adjacent to the pile. This paper addresses the problem of offshore pile installation in saturated clay by examining the mechanisms associated with water jet techniques. Parameters controlling installation geometry and pile embedment depth within the seabed are established based on tests carried out in laboratory physical scale using downward vertical water jets in highly compressible clay. Observations and measurements indicate that the geometry of the smeared and fluidized zone is constrained to two pile diameters, the eroded cavity under the pile tip is controlled by the nozzle jet Reynolds number, and the penetration embedment depth is a function of pile mass and applied water flowrate. It is demonstrated that penetration embedment depth is a function of pile mass and applied water flowrate. Based on the laws of similarity and statistical analysis, an equation is proposed for the maximum embedment depth of piles in clay, which is described as a function of pile geometry and mass, nozzle Reynolds number of water jet, along with the fluid and soil properties.
An Investigation of the Bisymmetric Hydrostatic Collapse of Flexible Pipes Based on Equivalent Layer Approaches
Authors: de Sousa José Renato M. , Protasio Marcelo K. , Sagrilo Luís Volnei S. , Rocha Djalene Maria 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe hydrostatic collapse strength of a flexible pipe is largely dependent on the ability of its carcass and/or pressure armor to resist radial loading and, therefore, its prediction involves an adequate modeling of these layers. Hence, initially, this work proposes a set of equations to estimate equivalent mechanical properties for these layers, which allows their modeling as equivalent orthotropic cylinders. Particularly, equations to predict the equivalent ring bend stiffness are obtained by simulating several two-point static ring tests with a three-dimensional finite element (FE) model based on beam elements and using these results to form datasets that are analyzed with a symbolic regression (SR) tool. The results of these analyses are the closed-form equations that best fit the provided datasets. After that, these equations are used in conjunction with a three-dimensional shell FE model (FEM) and a previously presented analytical model to study the bisymmetric hydrostatic collapse mechanism of flexible pipes. The predictions of these models agreed well with the collapse pressures obtained with numerical models and in experimental tests thus indicating the potential use of this approach in the design of flexible pipes.
An Optimization Design of Contact Interface Material Stiffness for Improving the Uniformity of the Contact Pressure
Authors: Lin Qiyin , Yang Nan , Hong Jun , Liu Lian , Zhang Yuhan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Material stiffness, a significant parameter of a contact interface, is investigated to improve the uniformity of the contact pressure. A contact interface material stiffness optimization design algorithm is developed based on the modified solid isotropic material with the penalization (SIMP) method. The uniformity of the contact pressure field is represented by its variance and is defined as the optimization objective. A node-to-node frictionless elastic contact theory is adopted to perform the contact analysis. The effectiveness of the interface material stiffness design for improving the uniformity of the contact surface is verified based on two contact cases. Because the relationship between the material stiffness and the hard-and-soft degree of a contact interface is always a positive correlation, the results in this paper could be extended so that the design of the contact interfaces’ hard-and-soft degree will improve the distributing uniformity of the contact surface.
Analyzing the Seasonal Changes and Relationships in Training Load and Wellness in Elite Volleyball Players
Authors: Clemente Filipe M. , Silva Ana F. , Clark Cain C.T. , Conte Daniele , Ribeiro João , Mendes Bruno , Lima Ricardo 
Published: February 2020

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to (1) analyze the variations of acute and chronic training load and well-being measures during 3 periods of the season (early, mid, and end) and (2) test the associations between weekly training load and well-being measures during different periods of the season. Methods: Thirteen professional volleyball players from a team competing in the Portuguese Volleyball First Division (age 31.0 [5.0] y) were monitored during an entire season. Weekly acute (wAL) and chronic load (wCL), acute to chronic workload ratio (wACWL), and training monotony (wTM) were calculated during all weeks of the season. The weekly values of muscle soreness (wDOMS), stress (wStress), fatigue (wFatigue), sleep (wSleep), and Hooper index (wHI) were also obtained across the season. Results: The midseason had meaningfully low values of wAL (−26.9%; effect size [ES]: −1.12) and wCL (−28.0%; ES: −2.81), and greater values of wACWL (+38.9%; ES: 2.81) compared with early season. The wCL (+10.6%; ES: 0.99), wStress (44.6%; ES: 0.87), and wHI (29.0%; ES: 0.62) were meaningfully greater during the end of season than in midseason. Overall, wAL presented very large correlations with wDOMS (r = .80), wSleep (r = .72), and wFatigue (r = .82). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the load was meaningfully higher during early season; however, stress was higher during the final stages of the season. Overall, it was also found that the acute load is more highly correlated with well-being status and its variations than chronic load or training monotony.
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and fractures in offspring: national register based sibling comparison study
Authors: Brand Judith S , Hiyoshi Ayako , Cao Yang , Lawlor Deborah A , Cnattingius Sven , Montgomery Scott 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objective
To study the impact of maternal smoking during pregnancy on fractures in offspring during different developmental stages of life.

Design
National register based birth cohort study with a sibling comparison design.

Setting
Sweden.

Participants
1 680 307 people born in Sweden between 1983 and 2000 to women who smoked (n=377 367, 22.5%) and did not smoke (n=1 302 940) in early pregnancy. Follow-up was until 31 December 2014.

Main outcome measure
Fractures by attained age up to 32 years.

Results
During a median follow-up of 21.1 years, 377 970 fractures were observed (the overall incidence rate for fracture standardised by calendar year of birth was 11.8 per 1000 person years). The association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and risk of fracture in offspring differed by attained age. Maternal smoking was associated with a higher rate of fractures in offspring before 1 year of age in the entire cohort (birth year standardised fracture rates in those exposed and unexposed to maternal smoking were 1.59 and 1.28 per 1000 person years, respectively). After adjustment for potential confounders the hazard ratio for maternal smoking compared with no smoking was 1.27 (95% confidence interval 1.12 to 1.45). This association followed a dose dependent pattern (compared with no smoking, hazard ratios for 1-9 cigarettes/day and ≥10 cigarettes/day were 1.20 (95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.39) and 1.41 (1.18 to 1.69), respectively) and persisted in within-sibship comparisons although with wider confidence intervals (compared with no smoking, 1.58 (1.01 to 2.46)). Maternal smoking during pregnancy was also associated with an increased fracture incidence in offspring from age 5 to 32 years in whole cohort analyses, but these associations did not follow a dose dependent gradient. In within-sibship analyses, which controls for confounding by measured and unmeasured shared familial factors, corresponding point estimates were all close to null. Maternal smoking was not associated with risk of fracture in offspring between the ages of 1 and 5 years in any of the models.

Conclusion
Prenatal exposure to maternal smoking is associated with an increased rate of fracture during the first year of life but does not seem to have a long lasting biological influence on fractures later in childhood and up to early adulthood.
Evaluating the sustainability of differentiated service delivery interventions for stable ART clients in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Okere Nwanneka Ebelechukwu , Urlings Lisa , Naniche Denise , de Wit Tobias F Rinke , Gomez Gabriela B , Hermans Sabine 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionIn 2015, WHO recommended immediate treatment for people living with HIV (PLHIV). As a result, the number of PLHIV needing antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) doubled from 12 million to over 25 million. This put a strain on already weak health systems and inspired the exploration of innovative service delivery models—differentiated service delivery (DSD). In DSD, services are tailored according to client clinical type and offer much-needed improvement in efficiency. The potential of achieving good outcomes for both clients and the health system plus the promise of sustainability motivates DSD promotion especially in low-income and middle-income countries. This review aims to evaluate the sustainability of DSD interventions.Methods and analysisWe will systematically review peer-reviewed English literature published between 2000 and 2019 identified by searching PubMed and EMBASE databases. Main inclusion criteria comprise studies describing DSD interventions conducted in SSA focused on stable adult ART clients, whether described alone or compared with clinic-based service delivery. Quality of included studies will be assessed employing the Down and Black’s and Joanne Briggs Institute checklists for quantitative and qualitative studies, respectively. We will apply a comprehensive sustainability framework including 40 individual constructs to evaluate, score and rank each intervention for sustainability. Narrative and quantitative synthesis will be conducted as appropriate.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval is required for this study as it is a review of published or publicly available data. Review results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at international conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019120891.
PERCEPT myeloma: a protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial of exercise prehabilitation before and during autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: McCourt Orla , Fisher Abigail , Ramdharry Gita , Roberts Anna L , Land Joanne , Rabin Neil , Yong Kwee 
Published: January 2020

IntroductionMyeloma, a blood cancer originating from plasma cells, is the most common indication for autologous stem cell transplantation (SCT). Patients with myeloma undergoing autologous SCT (ASCT) experience treatment-related morbidity and reduction in function and well-being for many months post-treatment. Interventions targeting physical functioning delivered prior to and during SCT have shown promising results in mixed haematological populations and may offer a non-pharmacological solution to physically optimising and preparing patients for SCT. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of a physiotherapist-led exercise intervention as an integral part of the myeloma ASCT pathway at a UK tertiary centre.Methods and analysisPERCEPT is a single-site, pilot randomised controlled trial of an exercise intervention embedded within the myeloma ASCT pathway, compared with usual care. The primary study end points will be feasibility measures of study and intervention delivery including recruitment rates, acceptability of intervention, study completion rate and any adverse events. Secondary end points will evaluate differences between the exercise intervention group and the usual care control group in cancer-related fatigue, quality of life, functional capacity (6 min walk test; handheld dynamometry; a timed sit-to-stand test) and objective and self-reported physical activity. Outcomes will be assessed at four time points, approximately 6–8 weeks prior to SCT, on/around day of SCT, on discharge from SCT hospital admission and 12 weeks post-discharge. The exercise intervention comprises of partly supervised physiotherapist-led aerobic and resistance exercise including behaviour change techniques to promote change in exercise behaviour. The primary outcomes from the trial will be summarised as percentages or mean values with 95% CIs. Group differences for secondary outcomes at each time point will be analysed using appropriate statistical models.Ethics and disseminationThis study has NHS REC approval (Camden and Kings Cross, 19/LO/0204). Results will be disseminated through publication and presentations at haematology and rehabilitation-related meetings.Trial registration numberISRCTN15875290.