bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving representation of collective memory in socio‐hydrological models and new insights into flood risk management
Authors: Song Shuang , Wang Shuai , Fu Bojie , Dong Yuxiang , Liu Yanxu , Chen Haibin , Wang Yaping 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCollective memory plays a controlling role in adaptation to potential flood risks, by learning from past disasters. However, with little quantitative empirical data, previous socio‐hydrological models have conceptualized the decaying process of flood memory in an oversimple approach. Here, based on survey data of 683 respondents on Ningxia Floodplain, we confirmed that flood memory decays overtime via two channels: oral communication (communicative memory) and physical recording of information (cultural memory). Using the Universal Decay Model (UDM) proposed by previous researchers provides better fitting of results to the decay of flooding memory (adjusted R2 coefficient are 0.97, 0.90, 0.95 when data of all, rural or urban respondents used, respectively) compared with the original exponential model (adjusted R2 coefficient are 0.91, 0.74, 0.59, corresponding). Then, significantly reduced losses for the same flood sequence predicted by integrating the UDM into a socio‐hydrological model by 16% and the differences between different clusters (urban and rural respondents) can even reach 22.81%. These differences suggest that previous socio‐hydrological models have been too simplistic in their conceptualizations of decaying processes associated with collective memory, which may have limited deeper insights into flood risk management.
Labour Constitutions and Occupational Communities: Social Norms and Legal Norms at Work
Authors: DUKES RUTH , STREECK WOLFGANG 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper considers the interaction of legal norms and social norms in the regulation of work and working relations, observing that, with the contraction of collective bargaining, this is a matter that no longer attracts the attention that it deserves. Drawing upon two concepts from sociology – Max Weber's ‘labour constitution’ and Seymour Martin Lipset's ‘occupational community’ – it focuses on possibilities for the emergence, within groups of workers, of shared normative beliefs concerning ‘industrial justice’ (Selznick); for collective solidarity and agency; for the transformation of shared beliefs into legally binding norms; and for the enforcement of those norms. If labour law is currently in ‘crisis’, then a promising route out of the crisis, we argue, is for the law to recover its procedural focus, facilitating and encouraging these processes.
A retrospective cohort study reporting rituximab treatment for 33 patients with immunobullous disease
Authors: Watson Nicola , Carrozzo Marco , Hampton Philip 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAutoimmune bullous disorders, encompassing pemphigus and pemphigoid diseases, are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This is in part due to high cumulative doses of corticosteroids in combination with immunosuppressant agents used in traditional treatment regimes. Rituximab is an antiCD20 monoclonal antibody which can induce complete remission, but it is currently unlicensed in the UK and approved only after other treatments have failed.MethodsWe report a retrospective cohort study of 33 patients with pemphigus and pemphigoid diseases treated with rituximab from a single tertiary centre from 2013 to 2019.Results“Complete remission off therapy” was achieved by 27.3% (n = 9), and a further 27.3% (n = 9) had complete remission on minimal therapy. Twenty‐one per cent (n = 7) had “partial remission on minimal therapy”; 9.1% (n = 3) patients were in the “consolidation phase,” and 12.1% (n = 4) had a “relapse/flare.” A steady reduction in prednisolone doses was observed post‐Rituximab infusion. Pre‐Rituximab the median dose of prednisolone was 20mg (range 10‐35, IQR 25), 15mg (range 9.5‐22.5, IQR 13) at 1 month, 9mg (range 5‐10, IQR 5) at 6 months, 4mg (range 0‐5mg, IQR 5) at 12 months and 0 (0‐4.35, IQR 4.25) at 18 months. Twelve per cent (n = 4) of patients had documented infusion reaction symptoms. Twelve per cent (n = 4) had later infective complications.ConclusionThis real clinic data adds to the evidence that Rituximab is a safe and effective treatment for both pemphigus and pemphigoid autoimmune blistering conditions. Significantly, we were able to demonstrate a substantial reduction in corticosteroid dosage in our cohort of patients following rituximab treatment.
Respiratory viral infections in hospitalised paediatric patients in the tropics
Authors: Tan Keng Wein Jeanette , Yung Chee Fu , Maiwald Matthias , Saffari Seyed E , Thoon Koh Cheng , Chong Chia Yin 
Published: November 2020

AimRespiratory viruses are a huge disease burden globally. An understanding of the seasonal trends and the ability to predict peak periods of respiratory virus disease incidence is useful for clinical care.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of paediatric hospitalizations of laboratory‐confirmed viral respiratory tract infections in KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2016. Standard direct immunofluorescence was used to detect respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A and B viruses, parainfluenza 1, 2 and 3 viruses, metapneumovirus and adenovirus.ResultsA total of 97 840 specimens were analysed with a positive detection rate of 23.8%. RSV made up the largest proportion (42% of the total positive results), predominating between May to September. Influenza A had two peaks, June to July and December to January. Type 3 was the most common parainfluenza virus and showed annually recurring peaks. In contrast, parainfluenza 1 and 2, metapneumovirus and adenovirus had a biennial pattern. The test of seasonality detected identifiable seasonality for RSV and parainfluenza 3 virus.ConclusionsIn conclusion, respiratory viruses have different and overlapping seasonality in tropical Singapore. Respiratory virus testing for patients admitted for acute respiratory infection is useful to target antiviral therapies and appropriate infection control practices.
Prokinetic actions of luminally acting 5‐HT4 receptor agonists
Authors: Konen John R. , Haag Melody M. , Guseva Daria , Hurd Molly , Linton Alisha A. , Lavoie Brigitte , Kerrigan Colleen B. , Joyce Emily , Bischoff Stephan C. , Swann Steve , Griffin Luana , Matsukawa Jun , Falk Matthew D. , Gibson Tony S. , Hennig Grant W. , Wykosky Jill , Mawe Gary M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground5‐HT4 receptor (5‐HT4R) agonists exert prokinetic actions in the GI tract, but non‐selective actions and potential for stimulation of non‐target 5‐HT4Rs have limited their use. Since 5‐HT4Rs are expressed in the colonic epithelium and their stimulation accelerates colonic propulsion in vitro, we tested whether luminally acting 5‐HT4R agonists promote intestinal motility.MethodsNon‐absorbed 5‐HT4R agonists, based on prucalopride and naronapride, were assessed for potency at the 5‐HT4R in vitro, and for tissue and serum distribution in vivo in mice. In vivo assessment of prokinetic potential included whole gut transit, colonic motility, fecal output, and fecal water content. Colonic motility was also studied ex vivo in mice treated in vivo. Immunofluorescence was used to evaluate receptor distribution in human intestinal mucosa.Key ResultsPharmacological screening demonstrated selectivity and potency of test agonists for 5‐HT4R. Bioavailability studies showed negligible serum detection. Gavage of agonists caused faster whole gut transit and colonic motility, increased fecal output, and elevated fecal water content. Prokinetic actions were blocked by a 5‐HT4R antagonist and were not detected in 5‐HT4R knockout mice. Agonist administration promoted motility in models of constipation. Evaluation of motility patterns ex vivo revealed enhanced contractility in the middle and distal colon. Immunoreactivity for 5‐HT4R is present in the epithelial layer of the human small and large intestines.Conclusions and InferencesThese findings demonstrated that stimulation of epithelial 5‐HT4Rs can potentiate propulsive motility and support the concept that mucosal 5‐HT4Rs could represent a safe and effective therapeutic target for the treatment of constipation.
Reflections on a registered report replicating a body of dyadic cross‐sectional research
Authors: Baker Zachary G. , Gentzis Ersie‐Anastasia , Watlington Emily M. , Castejon Sabrina , Petit Whitney E. , Britton Maggie , Haddad Sana , DiBello Angelo M. , Rodriguez Lindsey M. , Derrick Jaye L. , Knee C. Raymond 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article reflects on a new kind of registered report (RR) that replicated the work of an early career researcher. The research items targeted in this RR were peer‐reviewed, cross‐sectional, dyadic studies to which the first author of this RR had contributed. The findings being replicated are not noteworthy for their prestige or representativeness of the wider field. Instead, this method of replication may have several benefits and less desirable qualities for the researcher and research team whose work is being replicated, for science more broadly, and for relationship science specifically, reviewed herein. The authors hope that this reflection inspires researchers to improve upon their methodology by incorporating replication of their work early and often into their own research process.
Photosynthetic fluctuation accompanied by translocation of chloroplasts in Ulva conglobata (Ulvophyceae) grown under a low irradiance regime
Authors: Saco Jayvee Ablaña , Sekida Satoko , Mine Ichiro 
Published: November 2020

SUMMARYFluctuations in photosynthetic characteristics related to chloroplast translocation have been known in the foliose green algae Ulva lactuca var. latissima and var. rigida and U. mutabilis according to photoperiod. In Ulva, the single parietal chloroplast is found along the thallus surface wall and exhibits high photosynthetic activity during the light period; the chloroplast then moves towards the side walls and shows low photosynthetic activity during the dark period. In this study, we re‐investigated whether the photosynthetic ability is dependent on chloroplast location in a unialgal culture of U. conglobata grown and maintained under low irradiance regime by analyzing in vivo absorption spectra, oxygen evolution, and pulse amplitude modulation chlorophyll fluorescence. The light absorbance of the thallus was higher when chloroplast was along the thallus surface wall than when along the side walls and, therefore, the thallus absorbance at 680 nm was used as an index of chloroplast position. Some photosynthetic parameters such as maximum net photosynthetic rate per thallus area and effective quantum yield of photosystem II correlated with the thallus absorbance. The highest rate and absorption were reached 3 to 9 h after the beginning of light period (12 h), which gradually decreased at 10 to 15 h after the beginning of light or dark period. The lowest rate and absorption was observed after the beginning of the dark period. The chloroplast movement was inhibited for 12 h by colchicine, and photosynthetic parameters were found to be dependent on various chloroplast positions in the thallus. Interestingly, the chloroplast moved to the surface and the side walls of the cells under continuous dark and light conditions, respectively, at approximately 48 to 72 h. However, decreased maximum quantum yield was observed under both continuous dark and light conditions.
Pollution permits, green taxes, and the environmental poverty trap
Authors: Wei Sichao , Aadland David 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe compare the steady states and transition dynamics under pollution permits and under green taxes in an overlapping generations model with endogenous longevity. Multiple steady states can emerge under pollution permits. One nontrivial steady state is an environmental poverty trap (EPT). This steady state is characterized by low capital and high pollution. An economy operating in the neighborhood will gravitate toward this steady state in the long run. The other nontrivial steady state featuring high capital and low pollution is desirable. A saddle path may lead to this desirable steady state. In contrast, the steady state under green taxes is unique and locally stable. We also design policies that prevent an economy from falling into the EPT under pollution permits. Our conclusion is that an economy can continue to consider pollution permits as an efficient environmental regulation but proceed with caution given the possibility of being drawn into an EPT.
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis associated with COVID‐19 in a kidney transplant recipient
Authors: Trujillo Hernando , Fernández‐Ruiz Mario , Gutiérrez Eduardo , Sevillano Ángel , Caravaca‐Fontán Fernando , Morales Enrique , López‐Medrano Francisco , Aguado José María , Praga Manuel , Andrés Amado 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) might increase the risk of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). Although several case reports and small series have been reported in the general population, scarce information is available regarding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)‐associated IPA in the setting of solid organ transplantation. We describe a case of a kidney transplant recipient with severe COVID‐19 that was subsequently diagnosed with probable IPA on the basis of the repeated isolation of Aspergillus fumigatus in sputum cultures, repeatedly increased serum (1 → 3)‐β‐d‐glucan levels, and enlarging cavitary nodules in the CT scan. The evolution was favorable after initiation of isavuconazole and nebulized liposomal amphotericin B combination therapy and the withdrawal of immunosuppression.
Direct Eulerian Formulation of Anisotropic Hyperelasticity
Authors: Volokh K. Y. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Many soft materials and biological tissues comprise isotropic matrix reinforced by fibers in the characteristic directions. Hyperelastic constitutive equations for such materials are usually formulated in terms of a Lagrangian strain tensor referred to the initial configuration and Lagrangian structure tensors defining characteristic directions of anisotropy. Such equations are “pushed forward” to the current configuration. Obtained in this way, Eulerian constitutive equations are often favorable from both theoretical and computational standpoints. In the present note, we show that the described two-step procedure is not necessary, and anisotropic hyperelasticity can be introduced directly in terms of an Eulerian strain tensor and Eulerian structure tensors referring to the current configuration. The newly developed constitutive equation is applied to the particular case of the transverse isotropy for the sake of illustration.
Time-Dependent System Kinematic Reliability Analysis for Robotic Manipulators
Authors: Zhao Qiangqiang , Guo Junkang , Zhao Dingtang , Yu Dewen , Hong Jun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Time-dependent system kinematic reliability of robotic manipulators, referring to the probability of the end-effector’s pose error falling into the specified safe boundary over the whole motion input, is of significant importance for its work performance. However, investigations regarding this issue are quite limited. Therefore, this work conducts time-dependent system kinematic reliability analysis defined with respect to the pose error for robotic manipulators based on the first-passage method. Central to the proposed method is to calculate the outcrossing rate. Given that the errors in robotic manipulators are very small, the closed-form solution to the covariance of the joint distribution of the pose error and its derivative is first derived by means of the Lie group theory. Then, by decomposing the outcrossing event of the pose error, calculating the outcrossing rate is transformed into a problem of determining the first-order moment of a truncated multivariate Gaussian. Then, based on the independent assumption that the outcrossing events occur independently, the analytical formula of the outcrossing rate is deduced for the stochastic kinematic process of robotic manipulators via taking advantage of the moment generating function of the multivariate Gaussian, accordingly leading to achievement of the time-dependent system kinematic reliability. Finally, a six-degrees-of-freedom (6-DOF) robotic manipulator is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method by comparison with the Monte Carlo simulation and finite-difference-based outcrossing rate method.
A Comprehensive Study of Auxiliary Arrangements for Attaining Omnidirectionality in Additive Manufacturing Machine Tools
Authors: Singh Ambrish , Negi Seema , Kapil Sajan , Karunakaran K. P. , Das Manas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAnisotropy and omnidirectionality are the two most significant impediments to the growth of additive manufacturing (AM). While anisotropy is a property of the part, omnidirectionality is a characteristic of the machine tool. Omnidirectionality, implying invariance in AM processes with the goal of minimizing variations in material and geometric properties of the as-built parts, is often ignored during systems and process design. Disregard to directional sensitivity, which in some cases are inherent to the process (and/ or system), inadvertently changes the process parameter in-situ consequently, producing parts with non-uniform and often erratic properties. AM, attributing to its sheer number of processing variables, is especially susceptible to this subtle, yet significant system property. While some AM platforms, due to their nature of part production, are inherently omnidirectional, others require additional setup to ensure the same. Having an omnidirectional AM platform ensures that the parts are fabricated with process variables that are equally sensitive in all directions. In most AM systems, given a fixed set of process parameters, the spatial orientation of fusion (or joining) source vector, feedstock-delivery vector, and travel direction vector relative to each other governs omnidirectionality. Inconsistency or change in orientation of these three vectors results in non-uniform part properties and variations in geometric dimensions. Therefore, AM systems have to be omnidirectional to improve part performance and promote industrial acceptance. This paper, through a formal definition of omnidirectionality, analyses these three vectors individually along with their interplay with other process parameters and design variables.
Effect of a Combined Hot-Streak and Swirl Profile on Cooled 1.5-Stage Turbine Aerodynamics: An Experimental and Computational Study
Authors: Adams Maxwell G. , Beard Paul F. , Stokes Mark R. , Wallin Fredrik , Chana Kam S. , Povey Thomas 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Recently developed lean-burn combustors offer reduced NOx emissions for gas turbines. The flow at exit of lean-burn combustors is dominated by hot streaks and residual swirl, which have been shown—individually—to impact turbine aerodynamic performance. Studies have shown that residual swirl at inlet to the high-pressure (HP) stage predominantly affects the vane aerodynamics, while hot streaks affect the rotor aerodynamics. Studies have also shown that these changes to the HP stage aerodynamics can affect the downstream intermediate-pressure (IP) vane aerodynamics. Yet, to date, there have been no published studies presenting experimental turbine test data with both swirl and hot streaks simultaneously present at inlet. This paper presents the first experimental and computational investigation into the effects of combined hot streaks and swirl on turbine aerodynamics. Experimental measurements were conducted in the Oxford Turbine Research Facility (OTRF), a short-duration rotating transonic facility, in which the nondimensional parameters relevant to turbine fluid mechanics and heat transfer are matched to engine conditions. The turbine under investigation is the recently commissioned LEMCOTEC turbine, which has been designed to represent modern aero-engine architectures and for robustness to lean-burn combustor-representative inlet flows. The turbine comprises an unshrouded HP stage with fully film-cooled vanes followed by low-turning IP vanes in an S-shaped duct. Two turbine inlet flows are considered. The first is uniform in total pressure, total temperature, and flow angle. The second features a nonuniform total temperature (hot streak) profile featuring strong radial and weak circumferential variation superimposed on a swirling velocity profile. This combined nonuniform profile is generated using a new combustor simulator that has recently been commissioned in the OTRF. Detailed area surveys of the flow were conducted at turbine inlet, HP rotor exit, and IP vane exit, and loading distributions were measured on the HP and IP vanes. Measurements and unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) predictions suggest that the inlet temperature nonuniformity was relatively well preserved upon being convected through the turbine: the predicted root-mean-square variation in the IP vane exit total temperature field was approximately double that with uniform inlet conditions. Relatively poor comparisons between URANS and experiment highlight the challenge of accurately predicting the complex IP vane flow. In particular, small differences in exit whirl angle resulted in substantial differences in IP vane exit velocity and thus radial pressure gradient.
Wall Temperature Measurements in a Full-Scale Gas Turbine Combustor Test Rig With Fiber Coupled Phosphor Thermometry
Authors: Nau Patrick , Görs Simon , Arndt Christoph , Witzel Benjamin , Endres Torsten 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Wall temperature measurements with fiber coupled online phosphor thermometry were, for the first time, successfully performed in a full-scale H-class Siemens gas turbine combustor. Online wall temperatures were obtained during high-pressure combustion tests up to 8 bar at the Siemens Clean Energy Center (CEC) test facility. Since optical access to the combustion chamber with fibers being able to provide high laser energies is extremely challenging, we developed a custom-built measurement system consisting of a water-cooled fiber optic probe and a mobile measurement container. A suitable combination of chemical binder and thermographic phosphor was identified for temperatures up to 1800 K on combustor walls coated with a thermal barrier coating (TBC). To our knowledge, these are the first measurements reported with fiber coupled online phosphor thermometry in a full-scale high-pressure gas turbine combustor. Details of the setup and the measurement procedures will be presented. The measured signals were influenced by strong background emissions probably from CO*2 chemiluminescence. Strategies for correcting background emissions and data evaluation procedures are discussed. The presented measurement technique enables the detailed study of combustor wall temperatures and using this information an optimization of the gas turbine cooling design.