bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting engaging in cosmetic surgery: A test of the role of doing and not doing cognitions
Authors: Richetin Juliette , Osterini Daniela , Conner Mark 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe decision‐making process underlying cosmetic surgery for esthetic purposes has been rarely investigated. To fill in this gap, we examined the determinants of undergoing plastic surgery among women within a framework that considers that the intentions to undergo and to not undergo surgery are related to different motivational systems that could both contribute to behavior. To do so, we assessed the goals underlying both options and theory of planned behavior constructs (Attitude, Perceived Behavioral Control, Subjective norms) related to undergoing and not undergoing plastic surgery as well as risk perception among a convenience sample of women (N = 265). Results confirmed that undergoing and not undergoing plastic surgery are related to different but not opposite goals. More importantly, both intentions predicted actual behavior but with the intention of not undergoing weighing more than the intention of undergoing plastic surgery. Finally, results supported previous research showing that risk perception does not add to predicting behavior. This contribution, therefore, supports the adoption of a decision‐making framework to provide additional information to individual and social factors that can explain why women are undergoing plastic surgery for esthetic purposes or not.
Novel ultra‐high‐frequency electrocardiogram tool for the description of the ventricular depolarization pattern before and during cardiac resynchronization
Authors: Jurak Pavel , Curila Karol , Leinveber Pavel , Prinzen Frits W. , Viscor Ivo , Plesinger Filip , Smisek Radovan , Prochazkova Radka , Osmancik Pavel , Halamek Josef , Matejkova Magdalena , Lipoldova Jolana , Novak Miroslav , Panovsky Roman , Andrla Petr , Vondra Vlastimil , Stros Petr , Vesela Jana , Herman Dalibor 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe present study introduces a new ultra‐high‐frequency 14‐lead electrocardiogram technique (UHF‐ECG) for mapping ventricular depolarization patterns and calculation of novel dyssynchrony parameters that may improve the selection of patients and application of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).MethodsComponents of the ECG in sixteen frequency bands within the 150 to 1000 Hz range were used to create ventricular depolarization maps. The maximum time difference between the UHF QRS complex centers of mass of leads V1 to V8 was defined as ventricular electrical dyssynchrony (e‐DYS), and the duration at 50% of peak voltage amplitude in each lead was defined as the duration of local depolarization (Vd). Proof of principle measurements was performed in seven patients with left (left bundle branch block) and four patients with right bundle branch block (right bundle branch block) before and during CRT using biventricular and His‐bundle pacing.ResultsThe acquired activation maps reflect the activation sequence under the tested conditions. e‐DYS decreased considerably more than QRS duration, during both biventricular pacing (−50% vs −8%) and His‐bundle pacing (−77% vs −13%). While biventricular pacing slightly increased Vd, His‐bundle pacing reduced Vd significantly (+11% vs −36%), indicating the contribution of the fast conduction system. Optimization of biventricular pacing by adjusting VV‐interval showed a decrease of e‐DYS from 102 to 36 ms with only a small Vd increase and QRS duration decrease.ConclusionsThe UHF‐ECG technique provides novel information about electrical activation of the ventricles from a standard ECG electrode setup, potentially improving the selection of patients for CRT and application of CRT.
Using the time‐varying autoregressive model to study dynamic changes in situation perceptions and emotional reactions
Authors: Casini Erica , Richetin Juliette , Preti Emanuele , Bringmann Laura F. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveAssuming personality to be a system of intra‐individual processes emerging over time in interaction with the environment, we propose an idiographic approach to investigate potential changes of intra‐individual dynamics in the perception of situations and emotions of individuals varying in personality traits. We compared the semiparametric time‐varying autoregressive model (TV‐AR) that takes into account the non‐stationarity of psychological processes at the individual level, with the standard AR model.MethodWe conducted analyses of individual time series to assess intra‐individual changes in mean levels and inertia on data from two adolescents who completed measures of personality and indicated their situation perceptions and emotions five times a day for 19 days.ResultsFor the less honest, emotional, extraverted, and more agreeable adolescent, the TV‐AR model detected reliable changes in the intra‐individual dynamics of situation perceptions and emotions whereas, for the other individual, the standard AR model was more preferred, given the lack of changes in the intra‐individual dynamics.ConclusionsPsychological processes dynamics in situation perception and emotions may vary from person to person depending on their personality. This work constitutes a first step in demonstrating that an idiographic approach has advantages in identifying changes in individuals' perceptions and reactions to situations.
Isolation, identification, carbon utilization profile and control of Pythium graminicola, the causal agent of chilli damping‐off
Authors: Dubey Manish Kumar , Zehra Andleeb , Aamir Mohd. , Yadav Mukesh , Samal Swarnmala , Upadhyay Ram Sanmukh 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPostemergence damping‐off of chilli caused by Pythium spp. is a common and serious problem in large chilli growing areas of India under the moist conditions that generally prevails during the sowing period. Therefore, in order to better understand this disease, an isolate belonging to the genus Pythium (Pythiales) was isolated from the infected chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) plant root parts collected from the fields of Chandauli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Based on the congruence of cultural, morphological, cardinal growth rate and the sequence data analysis, the isolate was identified as Pythium graminicola. The molecular phylogenetic analysis based on ITS‐rDNA sequences clustered the isolate with representative sequences for P. graminicola from GenBank in the Pythium clade. The isolate carbon utilization profiles were characterized using Biolog FF MicroPlate method. The results revealed that the isolate used a wide range of carbon sources, mainly carbohydrates, but also amino acids, suggesting the use of metabolic routes that include glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Moreover, an in vitro colony growth inhibition assay was performed to determine the influence of chemical (fungicides) and biological (bacteria and fungi) antagonists over the pathogen using the poison plate and dual culture method, respectively. Overall, the results revealed that the presence of aggressive broad range biocontrol agents can be used as an effective environmentally friendly approach for management and control of damping‐off in production systems. The antagonist can serve as a bio‐efficient and eco‐friendly alternative to synthetic fungicides for the development of an effective integrated pest management (IPM) system and obtaining higher yields.
To what extent does smoking affect gingival bleeding response to supragingival plaque? Site‐specific analyses in a population‐based study
Authors: Holde Gro Eirin , Jönsson Birgitta , Oscarson Nils , Müller Hans‐Peter 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground and objectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the influence of smoking on the site‐specific association between bleeding on gingival probing and supragingival plaque and to assess whether this differs in different regions of the dentition.MethodsData from a representative sample of 1911 adults (20‐79 years old) in Northern Norway were analyzed. Periodontal examinations consisted of full‐mouth recordings of periodontal probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and presence of supragingival plaque. Smoking status and background characteristics were self‐reported by questionnaire. The association between plaque and BOP was assessed in several three‐level (subject, tooth, and site) random intercept logistic regression models adjusted for PD, smoking status, socioeconomic factors, and body mass index. In a further model, it was assessed whether the association between supragingival plaque and BOP differed in different parts of the dentition.ResultsFor plaque‐free sites, bleeding tendency was lower in smokers, the odds ratio (OR) was 0.773 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.678‐0.881 as compared to non‐smokers (OR: 1; ref., P < .001). The odds of BOP at plaque‐covered sites in non‐smokers were increased twofold (OR: 2.117; 2.059‐2.177). Albeit bleeding tendency was slightly increased in plaque‐covered sites in smokers, it was considerably lower as compared to plaque‐covered sites in non‐smokers (OR: 1.459; 1.282‐1.662, P < .001). Smoking ≥ 20 pack‐years further attenuated the association. In smokers, the odds of BOP were reduced in all parts of the dentition, lower and upper anterior and posterior teeth (= 32.043, P < .001). When restricting the data to younger adults (20‐34 year old), smoking had only a slight effect on the association between plaque and BOP. For plaque‐free and plaque‐covered sites, differences in ORs were not statistically noticeable (P = .221 and P = .235, respectively).ConclusionsSmoking considerably attenuates the site‐specific association between plaque and BOP with a dose‐dependent effect. The effect of smoking did not differ across tooth types.
Quantitative characterizations of the Sharpey’s fibers of rat molars
Authors: Liang Yongxi , Hu Zhiai , Chang Bei , Liu Xiaohua 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground and objectiveThe Sharpey's fibers of periodontal ligament (PDL) anchor the PDL to alveolar bone and cementum and are essential for the function of PDL. While qualitative analyses of the Sharpey's fibers have been widely explored, a comprehensive quantitative characterization of the Sharpey's fibers is not available. In this work, we selected rat molars as a model and comprehensively characterized the PDL Sharpey's fibers (diameter, density, length, embedding angle, and insertion angle).Materials and methodsA total of 24 rat mandibular molars, eight maxillary first molars, and their surrounding alveolar bone were harvested, fixed, rendered anorganic and observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mandibles and maxillae (n = 4) were harvested, processed, sectioned, and stained with Sirius red for histological observation. SEM images were used for quantitative analyses of diameters and densities of the Sharpey's fibers, while Sirius red staining images were used to measure lengths and angles. The Sharpey's fibers were comprehensively characterized in terms of positions (cervical, middle, and apical thirds), PDL fiber groups (alveolar crest, horizontal, oblique, apical, and interradicular groups), sides (cementum and bone sides), and teeth (mandibular first, second, third molars, and maxillary first molar).ResultsOur results showed that the characteristic parameters of the Sharpey's fibers varied in different positions, fiber groups, sides, and teeth. Specifically, the median diameter of the Sharpey's fibers on the bone side was significantly greater than that on the cementum side, while the median density of the Sharpey's fibers on the bone side was significantly lower than that on the cementum side, regardless of the positions and teeth. For the same tooth, the median length of the embedded Sharpey's fibers on the bone side was more than two times greater than that on the cementum side. Among all fiber groups, the alveolar crest group had the maximum length of the Sharpey's fibers on the bone side and the minimal length of the Sharpey's fibers on the cementum side. There is an approximate 5‐15° difference between the embedding angle and the insertion angle in each group. The oblique group had the smallest embedding angles on both the bone and cementum sides.ConclusionThis study provides a comprehensive and quantitative characterization of the Sharpey's fibers using rat molars as a model. Overall, these parameters varied according to different vertical positions, fiber groups, teeth, and jawbones. The quantitative information of the Sharpey's fibers presented in this work facilitates our understanding of PDL functions and advances the development of biomimetic materials for periodontal tissue regeneration.
Efficient but occasionally imperfect vertical transmission of gut mutualistic protists in a wood‐feeding termite
Authors: Michaud Caroline , Hervé Vincent , Dupont Simon , Dubreuil Géraldine , Bézier Annie M. , Meunier Joël , Brune Andreas , Dedeine Franck 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlthough mutualistic associations between animals and microbial symbionts are widespread in nature, the mechanisms that have promoted their evolutionary persistence remain poorly understood. A vertical mode of symbiont transmission (from parents to offspring) is thought to ensure partner fidelity and stabilization, although the efficiency of vertical transmission has rarely been investigated, especially in cases where hosts harbour a diverse microbial community. Here we evaluated vertical transmission rates of cellulolytic gut oxymonad and parabasalid protists in the wood‐feeding termiteReticulitermes grassei. We sequenced amplicons of the 18S rRNA gene of protists from 24 colonies ofR. grasseicollected in two populations. For each colony, the protist community was characterized from the gut of 14 swarming reproductives and from a pool of 10 worker guts. A total of 98 operational taxonomic units belonging to 13 species‐level taxa were found. The vertical transmission rate was estimated for each protist present in a colony based on its frequency among the reproductives. The results revealed that transmission rates were high, with an average of 0.897 (±0.164) per protist species. Overall, the protist community did not differ between reproductive sexes, suggesting that both the queen and the king could contribute to the gut microbiota of the offspring. A positive relationship between the transmission rate of protists and their prevalence within populations was also detected. However, transmission rates alone do not explain the prevalence of protists. In conclusion, these findings reveal key forces behind a conserved, multispecies mutualism, raising further questions on the roles of horizontal transfer and negative selection in shaping symbiont prevalence.
Cuffed pediatric endotracheal tubes—Outer cuff diameters compared to age‐related airway dimensions
Authors: Fischer Martina , Grass Beate , Kemper Michael , Weiss Markus , Dave Mital H. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundReliable sealing of the pediatric airway requires appropriately sized tracheal tube cuffs. The aim of this study was to compare residual cuff diameters of pediatric tracheal tubes with pediatric airway dimensions.MethodsCuff diameters of five different brands of locally marketed pediatric cuffed tracheal tubes with internal diameters of 3.0‐7.0 mm were measured at a cuff pressure of 20 cm H2O and compared with cuff diameters indicated by their manufacturers. The latter values were compared to tracheal dimensions using the Motoyama and Khine formulas for cuffed tracheal tube size selection.ResultsThere is considerable heterogeneity in cuff diameters among pediatric tracheal tube brands, except for two brands from different manufacturers (Halyard and Parker Medical) which were identically designed. Cuffs made from polyurethane revealed fewer differences (91%‐118%) between measured and manufacturer‐indicated values for outer cuff diameters than did those made from polyvinylchloride (91%‐146%). Particularly in smaller sized tracheal tubes, cuffs did not reach 100% of the tracheal lateral diameter, while others were oversized in larger tracheal tubes, independent of the two formulas used for cuffed tracheal tube size selection. Cuff diameters indicated by the manufacturer corresponded to 86%‐188% of the median and 68%‐157% of the maximum mid‐tracheal lateral diameter of the corresponding upper age range.ConclusionOur findings show that many of the cuff diameters of currently marketed tracheal tube brands lack an age‐related anatomical rationale. A proposal for age‐related anatomically based cuff diameters is provided for both recommendations for cuffed tracheal tube size selection in children.
Duration of preoperative clear fluid fasting and peripheral intravenous catheterization in children: A single‐center observational cohort study of 9693 patients
Authors: Galvez Jorge A. , Wu Lezhou , Simpao Allan F. , Tan Jonathan , Muhly Wallis , Masino Aaron , Sutherland Tori , Wasey Jack O. , Nelson Olivia , Lin Elaina , Fiadjoe John E. , Stricker Paul 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundChildren routinely undergo inhalational induction of general anesthesia. Intravenous line placement typically occurs after induction of anesthesia and can be challenging, particularly in infants and young children.AimsWe conducted a retrospective observational study to determine whether there was an association between clear liquid fasting time and the number of peripheral intravenous catheter insertion attempts in anesthetized children. The secondary aim was to identify factors associated with multiple attempts to insert intravenous lines.MethodsAfter institutional research board approval, we retrieved a data set of all children between 0 months and 18 years who received general anesthesia at our hospital between January 1, 2016, and September 30, 2017. Data included age, gender, weight, race, ASA status, gestational age, number of peripheral intravenous catheter insertion attempts, any assistive device for insertion, and insertion site. Inclusion criteria were mask induction, ASA status 1 or 2, nonemergency, ambulatory surgical procedures, and placement of a single intravenous line during the anesthetic.ResultsA total of 9693 patients were included in the study. Of which 8869 patients required one insertion attempt and 824 underwent multiple insertion attempts. 50% of patients in the single insertion attempt group had clear liquid fasting time <6.9 hours compared to 51.8% of patients requiring multiple attempts. Logistic regression model adjusted for age, ASA status, gender, and BMI did not find an association between duration of clear liquid fasting time and rate of multiple insertion attempts for intravenous catheters (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98‐1.01, P = .47).ConclusionClear liquid fasting time was not associated with multiple insertion attempts for intravenous line insertion in children receiving general anesthesia. Factors such as patient age, ethnicity, time of day of induction of anesthesia, and American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification show a greater association with the risk of multiple intravenous line insertion attempts.
Understanding, treating, and renaming grandiose delusions: A qualitative study
Authors: Isham Louise , Griffith Laura , Boylan Anne‐Marie , Hicks Alice , Wilson Natalie , Byrne Rory , Sheaves Bryony , Bentall Richard P. , Freeman Daniel 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundGrandiose delusions are arguably the most neglected psychotic experience in research.ObjectivesWe aimed to discover from patients: whether grandiose delusions have harmful consequences; the psychological mechanisms that maintain them; and what help patients may want from clinical services.DesignA qualitative interview design was used to explore patients’ experiences of grandiose delusions.MethodFifteen patients with past or present experiences of grandiose delusions who were attending psychiatric services were interviewed. Thematic analysis and grounded theory were used to analyse the data.ResultsParticipants reported physical, sexual, social, occupational, and emotional harms from grandiose delusions. All patients described the grandiose belief as highly meaningful: it provided a sense of purpose, belonging, or self‐identity, or it made sense of unusual or difficult events. The meaning from the belief was not synonymous with extreme superiority or arrogance. The meaning obtained appeared to be a key driver of the persistence of the beliefs. Other maintenance factors were subjectively anomalous experiences (e.g., voices), symptoms of mania, fantasy elaboration, reasoning biases, and immersive behaviours. Participants described insufficient opportunities to talk about their grandiose beliefs and related experiences and were generally positive about the possibility of a psychological therapy.ConclusionsWe conclude that grandiosity is a psychologically rich experience, with a number of maintenance factors that may be amenable to a targeted psychological intervention. Importantly, the term ‘grandiose delusion’ is an imprecise description of the experience; we suggest ‘delusions of exceptionality’ may be a credible alternative.Practitioner points

Harm from grandiose delusions can occur across multiple domains (including physical, sexual, social, occupational, and emotional) and practitioners should assess accordingly.

However, grandiose delusions are experienced by patients as highly meaningful: they provide a sense of purpose, belonging, or self‐identity, or make sense of unusual or difficult events.

Possible psychological maintenance mechanisms that could be a target for intervention include the meaning of the belief, anomalous experiences, mania, fantasy elaboration, reasoning biases, and immersive behaviours.

Patients are keen to have the opportunity to access talking therapies for this experience. Taking extra time to talk at times of distress, ‘going the extra mile’, and listening carefully can help to facilitate trust.
Hypofractionated radiotherapy in children with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma
Authors: Hayashi Akiko , Ito Eiko , Omura Motoko , Aida Noriko , Tanaka Mio , Tanaka Yukichi , Sato Hironobu , Miyagawa Naoyuki , Yokosuka Tomoko , Iwasaki Fuminori , Hamanoue Satoshi , Goto Hiroaki 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundOverall survival (OS) of patients with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is poor, with radiation therapy (RT) the only intervention that transiently delays tumor progression. Hypofractionated RT and re‐irradiation at first progression have gained popularity in improving the quality of life of such patients.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of children with DIPG treated at Kanagawa Children's Medical Center from 2000 to 2018.ResultsA total of 24 cases were reviewed. Median age at diagnosis was 6.3 years (1.6–14.0). Twenty patients received RT only once. Thirteen patients received conventionally fractionated RT, and seven patients received hypofractionated RT as up‐front RT. Severe toxicities were not observed in patients who received hypofractionated RT. Median OS and time to progression were similar between conventionally fractionated and hypofractionated RT groups.(9.7 [95% confidence interval(CI): 7.1‐11.2] versus 11.0[95% CI: 5.2‐13.6] months, P = 0.60; 4.2[95% CI: 1.8‐8.3] versus 7.1 [95% CI:4.5‐8.7] months, P = 0.38). Four patients received re‐irradiation at first progression and all patients showed transient neurological improvement and survival more than a year after diagnosis. A 4‐year‐old boy was re‐irradiated 5‐and‐a‐half months after the first re‐irradiation; following transient neurological improvement. He survived a further 5 months.ConclusionHypofractionated RT for children with newly diagnosed DIPG is well tolerated and feasible from the viewpoint of reducing a patient's burden of treatment. Re‐irradiation at first progression is suggested to be beneficial.