bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial Metalloprotein Nanoanalogues: In Situ Catalytic Production of Oxygen to Enhance Photoimmunotherapeutic Inhibition of Primary and Abscopal Tumor Growth
Authors: Huang Rongtao , Ding Zhaoyang , Jiang Bang‐Ping , Luo Zilan , Chen Ting , Guo Zhengxi , Ji Shi‐Chen , Liang Hong , Shen Xing‐Can 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPhotoimmunotherapy (PIT) has shown enormous potential in not only eliminating primary tumors, but also inhibiting abscopal tumor growth. However, the efficacy of PIT is greatly limited by tumor hypoxia, which causes the attenuation of phototherapeutic efficacy and is a feature of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, one type of brand‐new artificial metalloprotein nanoanalogues is developed via reasonable integration of a “phototherapy‐enzymatic” RuO2 and a model antigen, ovalbumin (OVA) for enhanced PIT of cancers, namely, RuO2‐hybridized OVA nanoanalogues (RuO2@OVA NAs). The RuO2@OVA NAs exhibit remarkable photothermal/photodynamic capabilities under the near‐infrared light irradiation. More importantly, the photoacoustic imaging and immunofluorescence staining confirm that RuO2@OVA NAs can remarkably alleviate hypoxia via in situ catalysis of hydrogen peroxide overexpressed in the TME to produce oxygen (O2). This ushers a prospect of concurrently enhancing photodynamic therapy and reversing the immunosuppressive TME. Also, OVA, as a supplement to the immune stimulation induced by phototherapy, can activate immune responses. Finally, further combination with the cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated protein 4 checkpoint blockade is reported to effectively eliminate the primary tumor and inhibit distant tumor growth via the abscopal effect of antitumor immune responses, prolonging the survival.
Associations of equol‐producing status with white matter lesion and amyloid‐β deposition in cognitively normal elderly Japanese
Authors: Sekikawa Akira , Higashiyama Aya , Lopresti Brian J , Ihara Masafumi , Aizenstein Howard , Watanabe Makoto , Chang Yuefang , Kakuta Chikage , Yu Zheming , Mathis Chester , Kokubo Yoshihioro , Klunk William , Lopez Oscar L. , Kuller Lewis H. , Miyamoto Yoshihiro , Cui Chendi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionEquol, a metabolite of a soy isoflavone transformed by the gut microbiome, is anti‐oxidant and anti‐amyloidogenic. We assessed the associations of equol with white matter lesion normalized to total brain volume (WML%) and amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition.MethodsFrom 2016 to 2018, 91 cognitively normal elderly Japanese aged 75 to 89 underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography using 11C‐Pittsburgh compound‐B. Serum equol was measured using stored samples from 2008 to 2012. Equol producers were defined as individuals with serum levels >0. Producers were further divided into high (> the median) and low (≤ the median) producers.ResultsThe median (interquartile range) WML% was 1.10 (0.59 to 1.61); 24.2% were Aβ positive, and 51% were equol producers. Equol‐producing status (non‐producers, low and high) was significantly inversely associated with WML%: 1.19, 0.89, and 0.58, respectively (trend P < .01). Equol‐producing status was not associated with Aβ status.DiscussionA randomized‐controlled trial of equol targeting WML volume is warranted.
Chitosan‐based self‐assembled nanomaterials: Their application in drug delivery
Authors: Liu Ya , Sun Mengjie , Wang Ting , Chen Xiguang , Wang Hao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNanoparticles have long been one of the most popular delivery systems for enhancing the stability of therapeutic agents, providing targeted drug transportation, sustaining drug concentration at sites of action, and promoting therapeutic efficacy. Chitosan‐based nanoparticles have been widely explored as drug delivery systems due to the unique biological properties, such as easy to chemical modifications, biocompatibility, mucoadhesive feature, and absorption enhancement. In this review, we outline the biological properties and stimuli‐sensitive strategies of chitosan‐based self‐assembled nanoparticles as well as the recent developments in various applications in drug delivery, including cancer treatment, oral administration, skin regeneration, nasal/ocular mucosal administration, and pulmonary drug delivery. Chitosan‐based nanoparticles exhibit excellent features as drug delivery systems due to the outstanding biological properties. As the suitable vehicles for drug administration, chitosan‐based nanoparticles facilitate and improve drug bioavailability in all cases.
A retrospective study (2007–2015) on brucellosis seropositivity in livestock in South Africa
Authors: Kolo Francis B. , Adesiyun Abiodun A. , Fasina Folorunso O. , Potts Andrew , Dogonyaro Banenat B. , Katsande Charles T. , Van Heerden Henriette 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn South Africa, brucellosis testing and record‐keeping are done by several laboratories, thus it is difficult to access any organized data to assess the status of the disease. This study evaluated the seropositivity for brucellosis using Rose Bengal test and complement fixation test in suspect cattle, sheep, goats and pigs sera submitted to Bacterial Serology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Council‐Onderstepoort Veterinary Research (ARC‐OVR) from nine provinces in the country during the period 2007–2015. This retrospective data analysis was conducted to estimate the occurrence of brucellosis in the country from the submitted samples, identify variables that affected seropositivity for brucellosis, investigate existing gaps in data recording and make recommendations on important variables to facilitate better data capture and inferences on brucellosis. Nine years of data were collated and analysed to detect association (seropositivity over time regarding animal species and location). Of the 764,276 animals tested, the distribution of samples was 90.50% (691,539/764,276), 5.19% (39,672/764,276), 3.92% (29,967/764,276) and 0.41% (3,098/764,276) for cattle, sheep, goats and pigs, respectively. The seropositivity for brucellosis by animal species was 6.31% (43,666/691,539, 95% CI: 6.26–6.37), 2.09% (828/39,672, 95% CI: 1.95–2.23), 0.63% (189/29,967, 95% CI: 0.55–0.73) and 0.13% (4/3,098, 95% CI: 0.05–0.33) in cattle, sheep, goats and pigs respectively. The data available did not capture information on the age, sex, breed and other host risk factors that would have been related to seropositivity for brucellosis. The data provide an understanding of the disease occurrence and confirm that brucellosis is enzootic in South Africa. Improved and standardized data collection can be used to pro‐actively drive, monitor, change or formulate policies to mitigate the challenges brought about by brucellosis in the livestock sector in South Africa.
Macropore–matrix mass transfer of reactive solutes quantified by fluorescence imaging
Authors: Haas Christoph , Leue Martin , Ellerbrock Ruth H. , Gerke Horst H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHorizontal infiltration experiments with a fluorescent dye (e.g., Na‐fluorescein) potentially allow the quantification of the macropore–matrix mass transfer of reactive solutes through coated macropore surfaces. The objectives were (a) to determine the movement and map the spatial mass distributions of a reactive and fluorescent dye (i.e., Na‐fluorescein) at the millimeter scale during horizontal tracer application to the intact structural surface of a soil aggregate, and (b) to validate the method by comparing total masses as quantified with Fluorescence imaging with total applied dye masses. For the quantification of dissolved masses of dye, millimeter‐scaled distributed water contents obtained from horizontal flow simulation using Hydrus‐1D were multiplied with mapped dye solution concentrations. The spatial distribution of dye concentrations was visualized and quantified with a fluorescence imaging technique at a pixel resolution length of ∼100 μm. Submillimeter‐scaled distribution maps of adsorbed dye concentrations were derived using the calibrated Freundlich adsorption model. The sorption isotherm predicted that most of the dye was adsorbed to soil. In total, 1,366 μg of dye was transferred through the coated matrix block, of which 1,181 μg was adsorbed to soil. The applicability of the method was validated by comparing applied and recovered Na‐fluorescein masses, which corresponded relatively closely. Although the test of the approach presented here was limited by uncertainties regarding the local distributions of water contents and bulk density, the method could be applied to map two‐dimensional horizontal distributions of dye in an intact soil clod for quantifying macropore–matrix mass transfer of the reactive solute.
Replacing wakes with streaks in wind turbine arrays
Authors: Cossu Carlo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWind turbine wakes negatively affect downwind turbines in wind farms reducing their global efficiency. The reduction of wake‐turbine interactions by actuating control on yaw angles and induction factors is an active area of research. In this study, the capability of spanwise‐periodic rows of wind turbines with tilted rotors to reduce negative wake‐turbine interactions is investigated through large‐eddy simulations. It is shown that, by means of rotor tilt, it is possible to replace turbine far wakes with high‐speed streaks where the streamwise velocity exceeds the freestream velocity at hub height. Considering three aligned rows of wind turbines, it is found that the global power extracted from the wind can be increased by tilting rotors of the upwind turbine rows, similarly to what is already known for the case of a single column of aligned turbines. It is further shown that global tilt‐induced power gains can be significantly increased by operating the tilted turbines at higher induction rates. Power gains are further increased for higher ratios of rotor diameters and turbine spacings to the boundary layer height. All these findings are consistent with those of previous studies where streamwise streaks were artificially forced by means of spanwise‐periodic rows of wall‐mounted roughness elements in order to control canonical boundary layers for drag‐reduction applications.
Achieving single‐stage partial nitritation and anammox (PN/A) using a submerged dynamic membrane sequencing batch reactor (DM‐SBR)
Authors: Yang Xiaohuan , Jia Ziwen , Fu Jingwei , Li Qian , Chen Rong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSingle‐stage partial nitration and anammox (PN/A) process was achieved in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) using a submerged dynamic membrane (DM) in this study. The reactor was stably operated for 200 days, and the nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) was sustained at 70.3 ± 7.2% at a nitrogen loading rate (NLR) ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 kgNm−3 day−1 with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 hr. When the NLR was 0.2 kgN m−3day−1, the NRE achieved was high as 80% with a low concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) of 0.13 mg/L. In addition, the specific activity of anammox bacteria and ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB) reached was 2.72 and 16.80 gN gVSS−1day−1, respectively. The DM intercepted the biomass due to the lamellar, intact, dense biofilm self‐generated on the surface of the supporting material, which had an effluent turbidity of 10 NTU. The enriched anammox functional bacteria were Candidatus Jettenia (11.06%) and the AOB‐like functional bacteria consisted primarily of Nitrosomonas, with a relative abundance of 2.76%, which ensured the PN/A process proceeding. This study provides a novel reactor configuration of the single‐stage PN/A process in the view of practical applications.Practitioner points

Single‐stage partial nitration and anammox (PN/A) process was achieved using a submerged dynamic membrane (DM) in this study.

The reactor was stably operated for 200 days, and the nitrogen removal efficiency was sustained at 70.3 ± 7.2%.

The feasibility of the PN/A system with DM is evaluated.

The main objective is to provide a control strategy of the DM‐SBRs for practical applications.
Climate Change Adaptation: Opportunities for Increased Material Recycling Facilities in African Cities
Authors: Mutezo Gamuchirai , Mulopo Jean , Chirambo Dumisani 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAfrica’s urban morphology is expected to develop at a steady rate between 2020 and 2050. Population growth, rising urbanization rates, growing energy consumption, and industrialization are only a few of the reasons causing these changes. Likewise, waste production is projected to rise from 125 million tons in 2012 to 244 million tons annually by 2025. Around 60.0% and 80.0% of African waste is made up of organic material, which is a viable methane source. Fly tipping, free disposal, landfilling, and incineration have been used as a large-scale waste treatment system in most African cities. However, with the anticipated morphological changes, these solutions are no longer viable in the future due to lack of airspace, availability of urban land for new landfill sites, and concerns over carbon emissions. This chapter discusses the potential for improved adoption of material recycling facilities (MRF) in urban environments as an incentive to support waste diversion from landfills, decentralize waste separation activities, and increase the transformation of waste materials into valuable raw materials. A case study is discussed for Ethiopia, Ghana, and South Africa with the goal of explaining current processes, urban planning initiatives required for greater implementation, and how they can be interpreted as adaptation initiatives.
Recent Developments in Multivariate Public Key Cryptosystems
Authors: Hashimoto Yasufumi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe multivariate signature schemes UOV, Rainbow, and HFEv- have been considered to be secure and efficient enough under suitable parameter selections. In fact, several second round candidates of NIST’s standardization project of Post-Quantum Cryptography are based on these schemes. On the other hand, there are few multivariate encryption schemes expected to be practical and despite that, various new schemes have been proposed recently. In the present paper, we summarize multivariate schemes UOV, Rainbow, and (variants of) HFE generating the second round candidates and study the practicalities of several multivariate encryption schemes proposed recently.
What Kind of Insight Provide Analytical Solutions of Quantum Models?
Authors: Braak Daniel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere are several concepts of what constitutes the analytical solution of a quantum model, as opposed to the mere “numerically exact” one. This applies even if one considers only the determination of the discrete spectrum of the corresponding Hamiltonian, setting aside such important questions as the asymptotic dynamics for long times. In the simplest case, the spectrum can be given in closed form, the eigenvalues $$E_{j}, j=0,\ldots ,N\le \infty $$

E
j

,
j
=
0
,
…
,
N
≤
∞

read $$E_{j} =f(j,\{p_{k}\})$$

E
j

=
f

(
j
,

{

p
k

}

)

, where f is a known function of the label $$j\in \mathbb {N}_{0}$$

j
∈

N
0

and the $$\{p_k\}$$

{

p
k

}

are a set of numbers parameterizing the Hamilton operator. This kind of solution exists only in cases where the classical limit of the model is Liouville-integrable. Some quantum-mechanical many-body systems allow the determination of the spectrum in terms of auxiliary parameters $$[\{k_j\},\{n_l\}]$$

[

{

k
j

}

,

{

n
l

}

]

as $$E(\{n_l\}) = f(\{k_{j}(\{n_{l}\})\})$$

E

(

{

n
l

}

)

=
f

(

{

k
j

(

{

n
l

}

)

}

)

where the $$\{k_{j}(\{n_{l}\})\}$$

{

k
j

(

{

n
l

}

)

}

satisfy a coupled set of transcendental equations, following from a certain ansatz for the eigenfunctions. These systems (integrable in the sense of Yang-Baxter (Eckle 2019)) may have a Hilbert space dimension growing exponentially with the system size L, i.e., $$N\sim e^{L}$$

N
∼

e
L

. The simple enumeration of the energies with the label j is replaced by the multi-index $$\{n_{l}\}$$

{

n
l

}

. Although no priori knowledge about the spectrum is available, its statistical properties can be computed exactly (Berry and Tabor 1977). Other integrable and also non-integrable models exist where N depends polynomially on L and the energies $$E_j$$

E
j

are the zeroes of an analytically computable transcendental function, the so-called G-function $$G(E,\{p_k\})$$

G
(
E
,

{

p
k

}

)

(Braak 2013a, 2016), which is proportional to the spectral determinant. Although no closed formula for $$E_j$$

E
j

as function of the index j exists, detailed qualitative insight into the distribution of the eigenvalues can be obtained (Braak 2013b). Possible applications of these concepts to information compression and cryptography are outlined.
Quantum Factoring Algorithm: Resource Estimation and Survey of Experiments
Authors: Kunihiro Noboru 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIt is known that Shor’s algorithm can break many cryptosystems such as RSA encryption, provided that large-scale quantum computers are realized. Thus far, several experiments for the factorization of the small composites such as 15 and 21 have been conducted using small-scale quantum computers. In this study, we investigate the details of quantum circuits used in several factoring experiments. We then indicate that some of the circuits have been constructed under the condition that the order of an element modulo a target composite is known in advance. Because the order must be unknown in the experiments, they are inappropriate for designing the quantum circuit of Shor’s factoring algorithm. We also indicate that the circuits used in the other experiments are constructed by relying considerably on the target composite number to be factorized.
From the Bloch Sphere to Phase-Space Representations with the Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill Encoding
Authors: García-Álvarez L. , Ferraro A. , Ferrini G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this work, we study the Wigner phase-space representation of qubit states encoded in continuous variables (CV) by using the Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill (GKP) mapping. We explore a possible connection between resources for universal quantum computation in discrete-variable (DV) systems, i.e. non-stabilizer states, and negativity of the Wigner function in CV architectures, which is a necessary requirement for quantum advantage. In particular, we show that the lowest Wigner logarithmic negativity corresponds to encoded stabilizer states, while the maximum negativity is associated with the most non-stabilizer states, H-type and T-type quantum states.
Cannabinoidhyperemesis als Differenzialdiagnose von Übelkeit und Erbrechen in der Notaufnahme
Authors: Korn F. , Hammerich S. , Gries A. 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDas Cannabinoid-Hyperemesis-Syndrom (CHS) ist ein durch regelmäßigen Cannabiskonsum verursachtes Krankheitsbild, dass durch zyklische Episoden von starkem Erbrechen gekennzeichnet ist. Klassische Antiemetika bringen oft keine Linderung, teilweise wurden auch letale Verläufe beschrieben. In dem Fall eines jungen Mannes konnte nach 4 Vorstellungen die Diagnose gestellt werden. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt hatte der Patient bereits eine Abdomen-CT sowie eine Gastroskopie erhalten. Bei eingehaltener Cannabiskarenz zeigte sich 6 Monate nach Vorstellung ein kompletter Rückgang der Symptomatik.
Artificial intelligence in medicine and the disclosure of risks
Authors: Kiener Maximilian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper focuses on the use of ‘black box’ AI in medicine and asks whether the physician needs to disclose to patients that even the best AI comes with the risks of cyberattacks, systematic bias, and a particular type of mismatch between AI’s implicit assumptions and an individual patient’s background situation.Pacecurrent clinical practice, I argue that, under certain circumstances, these risks do need to be disclosed. Otherwise, the physician either vitiates a patient’s informed consent or violates a more general obligation to warn him about potentially harmful consequences. To support this view, I argue, first, that the already widely accepted conditions in the evaluation of risks, i.e. the ‘nature’ and ‘likelihood’ of risks, speak in favour of disclosure and, second, that principled objections against the disclosure of these risks do not withstand scrutiny. Moreover, I also explain that these risks are exacerbated by pandemics like the COVID-19 crisis, which further emphasises their significance.
Supercritical percolation on nonamenable graphs: isoperimetry, analyticity, and exponential decay of the cluster size distribution
Authors: Hermon Jonathan , Hutchcroft Tom 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLet G be a connected, locally finite, transitive graph, and consider Bernoulli bond percolation on G. We prove that if G is nonamenable and $$p > p_c(G)$$

p
>

p
c

(
G
)

then there exists a positive constant $$c_p$$

c
p

such that
$$\begin{aligned} \mathbf {P}_p(n \le |K| < \infty ) \le e^{-c_p n} \end{aligned}$$

P
p

(
n
≤
|
K
|
<
∞
)

≤

e

-

c
p

n

for every $$n\ge 1$$

n
≥
1

, where K is the cluster of the origin. We deduce the following two corollaries:

Every infinite cluster in supercritical percolation on a transitive nonamenable graph has anchored expansion almost surely. This answers positively a question of Benjamini et al. (in: Random walks and discrete potential theory (Cortona, 1997), symposium on mathematics, XXXIX, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 56–84, 1999).

For transitive nonamenable graphs, various observables including the percolation probability, the truncated susceptibility, and the truncated two-point function are analytic functions of p throughout the supercritical phase.
Radiological prognostic factors of chronic subdural hematoma recurrence: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Miah Ishita P. , Tank Yeliz , Rosendaal Frits R. , Peul Wilco C. , Dammers Ruben , Lingsma Hester F. , den Hertog Heleen M. , Jellema Korné , van der Gaag Niels A. ,   on behalf of the Dutch Chronic Subdural Hematoma Research Group
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeChronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is associated with high recurrence rates. Radiographic prognostic factors may identify patients who are prone for recurrence and who might benefit further optimization of therapy. In this meta-analysis, we systematically evaluated pre-operative radiological prognostic factors of recurrence after surgery.MethodsElectronic databases were searched until September 2020 for relevant publications. Studies reporting on CSDH recurrence in symptomatic CSDH patients with only surgical treatment were included. Random or fixed effects meta-analysis was used depending on statistical heterogeneity.ResultsTwenty-two studies were identified with a total of 5566 patients (mean age 69 years) with recurrence occurring in 801 patients (14.4%). Hyperdense components (hyperdense homogeneous and mixed density) were the strongest prognostic factor of recurrence (pooled RR 2.83, 95% CI 1.69–4.73). Laminar and separated architecture types also revealed higher recurrence rates (RR 1.37, 95% CI 1.04–1.80 and RR 1.76 95% CI 1.38–2.16, respectively). Hematoma thickness and midline shift above predefined cut-off values (10 mm and 20 mm) were associated with an increased recurrence rate (RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.45–2.21 and RR 1.38, 95% CI 1.11–1.73, respectively). Bilateral CSDH was also associated with an increased recurrence risk (RR 1.34, 95% CI 0.98–1.84).LimitationsLimitations were no adjustments for confounders and variable data heterogeneity. Clinical factors could also be predictive of recurrence but are beyond the scope of this study.ConclusionsHyperdense hematoma components were the strongest prognostic factor of recurrence after surgery. Awareness of these findings allows for individual risk assessment and might prompt clinicians to tailor treatment measures.