bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small but Fierce: Tracking the Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Glioblastoma Progression and Therapeutic Resistance
Authors: Schweiger Markus W. , Tannous Bakhos A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGlioblastoma is the most common and aggressive brain tumor in adults. Most patients die within a year and long‐term survival remains rare, owing to a combination of rapid progression/degeneration, lack of successful treatments, and high recurrence rates. Extracellular vesicles are cell‐derived membranous structures involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes. In the context of cancer, these biological nanoparticles play an important role in intercellular communication, allowing cancer cells to exchange information with each other, the tumor microenvironment as well as distant cells. Here, light is shed on the role of extracellular vesicles in glioblastoma heterogeneity, tumor microenvironment interactions, and therapeutic resistance, and an overview on means to track their release, uptake, and cargo delivery is provided.
Spin–Orbit Controlled Excitation of Quantum Emitters in Hybrid Plasmonic Nanocircuits
Authors: Kan Yinhui , Kumar Shailesh , Ding Fei , Zhao Changying , Bozhevolnyi Sergey I. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOn‐chip realization of complex photonic functionalities is essential for further progress in planar integrated nanophotonics, especially when involving nonclassical light sources such as quantum emitters (QEs). Spin–orbit interactions on subwavelength scales are increasingly explored in nanophotonics for realization and utilization of the spin‐dependent flow of light. Here, a dielectric‐loaded plasmonic nanocircuit with an achiral spin–orbit coupler is proposed and realized for unidirectional spin‐controlled routing of pump visible radiation into branched QE‐integrated waveguides. It is experimentally demonstrated that the circular‐polarized 532 nm pump laser light selectively, with a directionality contrast of ≈30, couples into corresponding dielectric‐loaded plasmonic branched waveguides. Two spatially separated (by a distance of ≈10 µm) QEs, nanodiamonds containing multiple nitrogen vacancy centers, embedded into a hybrid plasmonic nanocircuit, can thereby be selectively and remotely excited using an incident pump beam with different circular polarizations. The realization of on‐chip spin–orbit controlled excitation of different QEs coupled to branched waveguides may open new avenues for designing complex plasmonic nanocircuits exploiting the spin degree of freedom within chiral nanophotonics.
A cross‐national study of depression in preclinical dementia: A COSMIC collaboration study
Authors: Carles Sophie , Carrière Isabelle , Reppermund Simone , Davin Annalisa , Guaita Antonio , Vaccaro Roberta , Ganguli Mary , Jacobsen Erin P. , Beer Joanne C. , Riedel‐Heller Steffi G. , Roehr Susanne , Pabst Alexander , Haan Mary N. , Brodaty Henry , Kochan Nicole A. , Trollor Julian N. , Kim Ki Woong , Han Ji Won , Suh Seung Wan , Lobo Antonio , la Camara Concepción De , Lobo Elena , Lipnicki Darren M. , Sachdev Perminder S. , Ancelin Marie‐Laure , Ritchie Karen ,   for Cohort Studies of Memory in an International Consortium (COSMIC)
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionDepression commonly accompanies Alzheimer's disease, but the nature of this association remains uncertain.MethodsLongitudinal data from the COSMIC consortium were harmonized for eight population‐based cohorts from four continents. Incident dementia was diagnosed in 646 participants, with a median follow‐up time of 5.6 years to diagnosis. The association between years to dementia diagnosis and successive depressive states was assessed using a mixed effect logistic regression model. A generic inverse variance method was used to group study results, construct forest plots, and generate heterogeneity statistics.ResultsA common trajectory was observed showing an increase in the incidence of depression as the time to dementia diagnosis decreased despite cross‐national variability in depression rates.DiscussionThe results support the hypothesis that depression occurring in the preclinical phases of dementia is more likely to be attributable to dementia‐related brain changes than environment or reverse causality.
Data curation as collective action during COVID‐19
Authors: Shankar Kalpana , Jeng Wei , Thomer Andrea , Weber Nicholas , Yoon Ayoung 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this commentary, the authors, an international group data curation researchers and educators, reflect on some of the challenges and opportunities for data curation in the wake of the COVID‐19 pandemic. We focus on some topics of particular interest to the information science community: data infrastructures for scholarly communication and research, the politicization of data curation and visualization for public‐facing “dashboards,” and human subjects research and policies. We conclude with some areas of opportunity and need, including broader and richer data curation education in the information schools, the establishment of better data management policy implementations by research funders, the award of formal academic credit for data curation activities and data sharing, and engagement in cooperative action around data ethics and security.
Evaluation of a sterile filtration process for viral vaccines using a model nanoparticle suspension
Authors: Taylor Neil , Ma Wanli , Kristopeit Adam , Wang Sheng‐Ching , Zydney Andrew L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThere is growing interest in the development of new vaccines based on live‐attenuated viruses (LAVs) and virus‐like particles. The large size of these vaccines, typically 100–400 nm, significantly complicates the use of sterile filtration. The objectives of this study are to examine the performance of several commercial sterile filters for filtration of a cytomegalovirus vaccine candidate (referred to as the LAV) and to develop and evaluate the use of a model nanoparticle suspension to perform a more quantitative assessment. Data obtained with a mixture of 200‐ and 300‐nm fluorescent particles provided yield and pressure profiles that captured the behavior of the viral vaccine. This included the excellent performance of the Sartorius Sartobran P filter, which provided greater than 80% yield of both the vaccine and model particles even though the average particle size was more than 250 nm. The particle yield for the Sartobran P was independent of filtrate flux above 200 L/m2/h, but increased with increasing particle concentration, varying from less than 10% at concentrations around 107 particles/ml to more than 80% at concentrations above 1010 particles/ml due to saturation of particle capture/binding sites within the filter. These results provide important insights into the factors controlling transmission and fouling during sterile filtration of large vaccine products.
Transferring video to dynamic relief structures with water interaction
Authors: Tseng Yi‐Chun , Wong Sai‐Keung 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this article, we present a framework which transfers video to dynamic relief‐structures with water interaction. Our method enables the interaction between video content and waterflows. The key idea is that the dynamic 2.5D structures of the objects in video are constructed and then waterflows are simulated to interact with the 2.5D structures. We performed experiments for still images, and video in which objects had various motion styles. User interaction with our system was also demonstrated. The result of a user study indicated that our method could produce visually acceptable results.
Rational Design of Cobalt‐Platinum Alloy Decorated Cobalt Nanoparticles for One‐Pot Synthesis of Imines from Nitroarenes and Aldehydes
Authors: Gong Wanbing , Han Miaomiao , Chen Chun , Lin Yue , Wang Guozhong , Zhang Haimin , Zhao Huijun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDeveloping high‐performance heterogeneous catalysts for one‐pot reductive amination reactions is critically important for pharmaceutical and agrochemical synthetic industries. In this work, N‐doped carbon nanotubes supported CoPt alloy decorated Co nanoparticles (NPs) are successfully fabricated. As a consequence, the resultant catalyst exhibits desirable activity, selectivity and stability toward the one‐pot synthesis of imines. More importantly, the extensive experimental studies and density function theory (DFT) calculations results reveal that the high catalytic activity of the catalyst is mainly due to the co‐existence of CoPt alloy NPs and Co NPs with Co−Nx active sites. The high selectivity of imines could be ascribed to the following aspects: (1) competitively preferred adsorption of nitroarenes to avoid side‐hydrogenation of aldehydes; (2) weakened adsorption of imines to minimize its over‐hydrogenation. This work may provide a promising direction and strategy to design high‐performance reductive amination catalysts for industrial applications.
Treatment and outcomes for synovial sarcoma patients in Western Australia: the role of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Khan Yasir , Carey‐Smith Richard , Taylor Mandy , Woodhouse Jennifer , Jacques Angela , Wood David , Long Anne 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis is a retrospective review of synovial sarcoma (SS) patients treated over the last 12 years in Western Australia (WA). SS is both chemo and radiotherapy sensitive. Results of trials in adjuvant chemotherapy are conflicting and there is limited support for neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The use of combined chemoradiotherapy is based on institutional preferences.AimWe reviewed the outcomes for SS patients treated in WA over a 12 year period focusing on patients who received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT).MethodsPatient details including demographics, histopathology, treatment details, were obtained from the WA sarcoma database (2006‐2018). Progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were derived for whole cohort.ResultsTwenty seven patients were identified with SS with equal gender incidence. Median age of the cohort was 36 (14‐76) years. The most common primary site of disease was extremity (81.5%). 22/27 patients presented with only localized disease and 59.2% of these received neo‐adjuvant treatment. Of those who received neoadjuvant treatment, 56.2% had NACRT, while 25.0% and 18.7% of patients had chemotherapy and radiotherapy respectively. Mesna, doxorubicin, ifosfamide, dacarbazine (MAID) was the most commonly used chemotherapy regimen as neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment while ifosfamide (93.7%) was the most commonly used chemotherapy drug in any setting. There was no reported case of disease progression in group of patients who received NACRT apart from one patient who had oligometastatic disease at diagnosis. Median OS of the whole cohort was 38 months while median PFS was 24 months. Bone marrow toxicity was the most commonly reported high grade toxicity in NACRT group (55.5%) but there were no treatment related deaths.ConclusionNACRT is not widely adopted and treatment is based on institutional preferences, however our data shows that NACRT is a feasible therapy option. NACRT should be evaluated prospectively in a randomized trial.
Retinoic acid receptor γ is a therapeutically targetable driver of growth and survival in prostate cancer
Authors: Petrie Kevin , Urban‐Wójciuk Zuzanna , Sbirkov Yordan , Graham Amy , Hamann Annika , Brown Geoffrey 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundProstate cancer (PC) tissue contains all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) at a very low level (10−9 M), at least an order of magnitude lower than in adjacent normal healthy prostate cells or benign prostate hyperplasia. When this is coupled with deregulated expression of the intracellular lipid‐binding proteins FABP5 and CRABP2 that is frequently found in PC, this is likely to result in the preferential delivery of ATRA to oncogenic PPARβ/δ rather than retinoic acid receptors (RARs). There are three isotypes of RARs (RARα, RARβ, and RARγ) and recent studies have revealed discrete physiological roles. For example, RARα and RARγ promote differentiation and self‐renewal, respectively, which are critical for proper hematopoiesis.AimsWe have previously shown that ATRA stimulates transactivation of RARγ at sub‐nanomolar concentrations (EC50 0.24 nM), whereas an 80‐fold higher concentration was required for RARα‐mediated transactivation (EC50 19.3 nM). Additionally, we have shown that RAR pan‐antagonists inhibit the growth of PC cells (at 16‐34 nM). These findings, together with the low level of ATRA in PC, led us to hypothesize that RARγ plays a role in PC pathogenesis and that RARγ‐selective antagonism may be an effective treatment.Methods and resultsWe found that concentrations of 10−9 M and below of ATRA promoted survival/proliferation and opposed adipogenic differentiation of human PC cell lines by a mechanism that involves RARγ. We also found that a RARγ‐selective antagonist (AGN205728) potently induced mitochondria‐dependent, but caspase‐independent, cell death in PC cell lines. Furthermore, AGN205728 demonstrated synergism in killing PC cells in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents.ConclusionWe suggest that the use of RARγ‐selective antagonists may be effective in PC (and potentially other cancers), either as a single agent or in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy.
A Rapid and Facile Purification Method for Glycan‐Binding Proteins and Glycoproteins
Authors: Welch Christina J. , Kadav Priyanka D. , Edwards Jared L. , Krycia Jessica , Talaga Melanie L. , Bandyopadhyay Purnima , Dam Tarun K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGlycosylated proteins, namely glycoproteins and proteoglycans (collectively called glycoconjugates), are indispensable in a variety of biological processes. The functions of many glycoconjugates are regulated by their interactions with another group of proteins known as lectins. In order to understand the biological functions of lectins and their glycosylated binding partners, one must obtain these proteins in pure form. The conventional protein purification methods often require long times, elaborate infrastructure, costly reagents, and large sample volumes. To minimize some of these problems, we recently developed and validated a new method termed capture and release (CaRe). This method is time‐saving, precise, inexpensive, and it needs a relatively small sample volume. In this approach, targets (lectins and glycoproteins) are captured in solution by multivalent ligands called target capturing agents (TCAs). The captured targets are then released and separated from their TCAs to obtain purified targets. Application of the CaRe method could play an important role in discovering new lectins and glycoconjugates. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of crude extracts containing the target proteins from soybean flourAlternate Protocol 1: Preparation of crude extracts from Jack bean mealAlternate Protocol 2: Preparation of crude extracts from the corms of Colocasia esculenta, Xanthosoma sagittifolium, and from the bulbs of Allium sativumAlternate Protocol 3: Preparation of Escherichia coli cell lysates containing human galectin‐3Alternate Protocol 4: Preparation of crude extracts from chicken egg whites (source of ovalbumin)Basic Protocol 2: Preparation of 2% (v/v) red blood cell suspensionBasic Protocol 3: Detection of lectin activity of the crude extractsBasic Protocol 4: Identification of multivalent inhibitors as target capturing agents by hemagglutination inhibition assaysBasic Protocol 5: Testing the capturing abilities of target capturing agents by precipitation/turbidity assaysBasic Protocol 6: Capturing of targets (lectins and glycoproteins) in the crude extracts by target capturing agents and separation of the target‐TCA complex from other components of the crude extractsBasic Protocol 7: Releasing the captured targets (lectins and glycoproteins) by dissolving the complexBasic Protocol 8: Separation of the targets (lectins and glycoproteins) from their respective target capturing agentsBasic Protocol 9: Verification of the purity of the isolated targets (lectins or glycoproteins)
Channel stability in steep gravel–cobble streams is controlled by the coarse tail of the bed material distribution
Authors: Eaton Brett C. , MacKenzie Lucy G. , Booker William H. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryResearchers have associated channel‐forming flows with reach‐average shear stresses close to the entrainment threshold for the surface D50. We conducted experiments using a model of a generic steep, gravel–cobble stream to test this association. Our results suggest that channel‐forming flows fully mobilize the D50, and produce shear stresses close to the entrainment threshold for the largest grains in the bed. The channel dimensions were set by flows capable of mobilizing between 85% and 90% of the bed surface, which produced a brief period of lateral instability lasting about 1 h, followed by a prolonged period of relative stability during which modest adjustments occurred, but during which the reach‐average hydraulics remained about the same. The adjustments during the unstable phase of the experiments are characterized by rapid bank erosion, extensive deposits on the channel bed and a restructuring of the major morphologic elements of the stream. The adjustments during the stable phase of the experiments involved barform migration and bed surface coarsening but did not appreciably modify the physical template established by the end of the unstable phase. The behaviour we observed is not consistent with the concept of a dynamic equilibrium associated with a formative flow that is just capable of entraining the bed surface D50. Instead, it suggests that rapid adjustments occur once a stability threshold is exceeded, which creates a template that constrains channel activity until another event drives the system across the stability threshold, and re‐sets the template. While we believe that it is probably too simplistic to associate a channel‐forming discharge with the entrainment threshold for a single grain size, our results suggest that the D95 is a more logical choice than the D50 © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cognitive stimulation therapy for people with dementia in Brazil (CST‐Brasil): Results from a single blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Marinho Valeska , Bertrand Elodie , Naylor Renata , Bomilcar Iris , Laks Jerson , Spector Aimee , Mograbi Daniel C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe prevalence of dementia has been increasing particularly in developing countries but care provision is still limited in these regions. Psychosocial interventions are recognized as useful tools to improve cognitive and behavioral difficulties, as well as quality of life of people with dementia (PwD) and their caregivers. Cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) is an evidence‐based psychosocial intervention, recommended and implemented in many countries. In Brazil, there is no validated psychosocial intervention for dementia care. The present study aims to explore feasibility and obtain preliminary data on the efficacy of CST‐Brasil in a sample of 47 people with mild to moderate dementia attending an outpatient unit.MethodsA single‐blind design was used, with participants being randomly allocated to either 14 sessions of CST + treatment as usual (TAU; n = 23) or TAU (n = 24) during 7 weeks. Changes in cognition, quality of life, depressive symptoms, caregiver burden and functionality were measured.ResultsPwD receiving CST and their family caregivers expressed good acceptance of the intervention, with low attrition and high attendance. Participants receiving CST exhibited significant improvements in mood and in activities of daily living compared to TAU. There were no significant effects in cognition, quality of life and caregiver burden.ConclusionsCST‐Brasil proved to be a feasible and useful intervention to improve mood in PwD, with high acceptance between study participators. CST‐Brasil is a promising psychosocial intervention for dementia and should be explored in other clinical settings to allow generalization to a wider Brazilian context.
Uncovering investment management performance using SPIVA data
Authors: Shah Imran Hussain , Wanovits Hans Matthias , Hatfield Richard 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhich performs better, passive or active funds management, a question that both fund managers and academics fiercely debate. Why does fund size matter? These are a number of typical questions that puzzle practitioners and academics alike. To date, the data has been shown to be somewhat problematic. This paper exploits the SPIVA and passive fund datasets with several novel methods in order to build a foundation for unbiased fund performance analysis and comparison. For this, we address a number of questions including: passive versus active management, fund size, time horizon and fund style on performance. We find that in general, passive funds outperform active funds due to lower management costs, larger funds tend to perform better and funds with longer (3+ years) records of accomplishment tend to perform better. Short termism tends to have a significant detrimental effect on performance. We introduce Dynamic Generalized Method of Moments to show that competition has a significant effect on fund performance. Furthermore, this demonstrates that SPIVA data has a significant dynamic panel time series that was largely ignored by prior research. This integrated dataset and associated methods that we illustrate here, provide both academic researchers and industry analysts alike with an environment to investigate and potentially draw conclusions about the fund factors that affect performance without the inherent limitations of the original sources.
The mitochondrial‐targeted reactive species scavenger JP4‐039 prevents sulfite‐induced alterations in antioxidant defenses, energy transfer, and cell death signaling in striatum of rats
Authors: Glänzel Nícolas Manzke , Grings Mateus , da Rosa‐Junior Nevton Teixeira , de Carvalho Leila Maria Cereta , Mohsen Al‐Walid , Wipf Peter , Wajner Moacir , Vockley Jerry , Leipnitz Guilhian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSulfite oxidase (SO) deficiency is a disorder caused either by isolated deficiency of SO or by defects in the synthesis of its molybdenum cofactor. It is characterized biochemically by tissue sulfite accumulation. Patients present with seizures, progressive neurological damage, and basal ganglia abnormalities, the pathogenesis of which is not fully established. Treatment is supportive and largely ineffective. To address the pathophysiology of sulfite toxicity, we examined the effects of intrastriatal administration of sulfite in rats on antioxidant defenses, energy transfer, and mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) and apoptosis pathways in rat striatum. Sulfite administration decreased glutathione (GSH) concentration and glutathione peroxidase, glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione S‐transferase, and glutathione reductase activities in striatal tissue. Creatine kinase (CK) activity, a crucial enzyme for cell energy transfer, was also decreased by sulfite. Superoxide dismutase‐1 (SOD1) and catalase (CAT) proteins were increased, while heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) was decreased. Additionally, sulfite altered phosphorylation of MAPK by decreasing of p38 and increasing of ERK. Sulfite further augmented the content of GSK‐3β, Bok, and cleaved caspase‐3, indicating increased apoptosis. JP4‐039 is a mitochondrial‐targeted antioxidant that reaches higher intramitochondrial levels than other traditional antioxidants. Intraperitoneal injection of JP4‐039 before sulfite administration preserved activity of antioxidant enzymes and CK. It also prevented or attenuated alterations in SOD1, CAT, and HO‐1 protein content, as well as changes in p38, ERK, and apoptosis markers. In sum, oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by sulfite injection are prevented by JP4‐039, identifying this molecule as a promising candidate for pharmacological treatment of SO‐deficient patients.