bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain meta-state transitions demarcate thoughts across task contexts exposing the mental noise of trait neuroticism
Authors: Tseng Julie , Poppenk Jordan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractResearchers have observed large-scale neural meta-state transitions that align to narrative events during movie-viewing. However, group or training-derived priors have been needed to detect them. Here, we introduce methods to sample transitions without any priors. Transitions detected by our methods predict narrative events, are similar across task and rest, and are correlated with activation of regions associated with spontaneous thought. Based on the centrality of semantics to thought, we argue these transitions serve as general, implicit neurobiological markers of new thoughts, and that their frequency, which is stable across contexts, approximates participants’ mentation rate. By enabling observation of idiosyncratic transitions, our approach supports many applications, including phenomenological access to the black box of resting cognition. To illustrate the utility of this access, we regress resting fMRI transition rate and movie-viewing transition conformity against trait neuroticism, thereby providing a first neural confirmation of mental noise theory.
Non-monotonic pressure dependence of high-field nematicity and magnetism in CeRhIn5
Authors: Helm Toni , Grockowiak Audrey D. , Balakirev Fedor F. , Singleton John , Betts Jonathan B. , Shirer Kent R. , König Markus , Förster Tobias , Bauer Eric D. , Ronning Filip , Tozer Stanley W. , Moll Philip J. W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCeRhIn5 provides a textbook example of quantum criticality in a heavy fermion system: Pressure suppresses local-moment antiferromagnetic (AFM) order and induces superconductivity in a dome around the associated quantum critical point (QCP) near pc ≈ 23 kbar. Strong magnetic fields also suppress the AFM order at a field-induced QCP at Bc ≈ 50 T. In its vicinity, a nematic phase at B* ≈ 28 T characterized by a large in-plane resistivity anisotropy emerges. Here, we directly investigate the interrelation between these phenomena via magnetoresistivity measurements under high pressure. As pressure increases, the nematic transition shifts to higher fields, until it vanishes just below pc. While pressure suppresses magnetic order in zero field as pc is approached, we find magnetism to strengthen under strong magnetic fields due to suppression of the Kondo effect. We reveal a strongly non-mean-field-like phase diagram, much richer than the common local-moment description of CeRhIn5 would suggest.
Non-affinity in multi-material mechanical metamaterials
Authors: Mirzaali M. J. , Pahlavani H. , Yarali E. , Zadpoor A. A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNon-affine deformations enable mechanical metamaterials to achieve their unusual properties while imposing implications for their structural integrity. The presence of multiple phases with different mechanical properties results in additional non-affinity of the deformations, a phenomenon that has never been studied before in the area of extremal mechanical metamaterials. Here, we studied the degree of non-affinity, $$\Gamma $$Γ, resulting from the random substitution of a fraction of the struts,$${\rho }_{h}$$ρh, that make up a lattice structure and are printed using a soft material (elastic modulus = $${E}_{s}$$Es) by those printed using a hard material ($${E}_{h}$$Eh). Depending on the unit cell angle (i.e., $$\theta $$θ = 60°, 90°, or 120°), the lattice structures exhibited negative, near-zero, or positive values of the Poisson’s ratio, respectively. We found that the auxetic structures exhibit the highest levels of non-affinity, followed by the structures with positive and near-zero values of the Poisson’s ratio. We also observed an increase in $$\Gamma $$Γ with $$\frac{{E}_{h}}{{E}_{s}}$$EhEs and $${\rho }_{h}$$ρh until $$\frac{{E}_{h}}{{E}_{s}}$$EhEs =104 and $${\rho }_{h}$$ρh= 75%-90% after which $$\Gamma $$Γ saturated. The dependency of $$\Gamma $$Γ upon $${\rho }_{h}$$ρh was therefore found to be highly asymmetric. The positive and negative values of the Poisson’s ratio were strongly correlated with $$\Gamma $$Γ. Interestingly, achieving extremely high or extremely low values of the Poisson’s ratio required highly affine deformations. In conclusion, our results clearly show the importance of considering non-affinity when trying to achieve a specific set of mechanical properties and underscore the structural integrity implications in multi-material mechanical metamaterials.
A 3D engineered scaffold for hematopoietic progenitor/stem cell co-culture in vitro
Authors: Zhou Dezhi , Chen Lidan , Ding Jinju , Zhang Xiuxiu , Nie Zhenguo , Li Xinda , Yang Bin , Xu Tao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractProliferation of HPSCs in vitro can promote its broad clinical therapeutic use. For in vitro co-culture, interaction between the stem cell and feeder cell as well as their spatial position are essential. To imitate the natural microenvironment, a 3D engineered scaffold for CD34+ cells co-culture was established via 3D bioprinting. Herein, the concentration of hydrogel and the ratio of two kinds of cells were optimized. Flow cytometry, real time PCR and RNA-seq technology were applied to analyze the effect of the engineered scaffold on expanded cells. After 10 days co-culture with the engineered scaffold, the expansion of CD34+CD38− cells can reach 33.57-folds and the expansion of CD34+CD184+ cells can reach 16.66-folds. Result of PCR and RNA-seq indicates that the CD34+ cells in 3D group exhibited a tendency of interaction with the engineered scaffold. Compared to 2D co-culture, this customizable 3D engineered scaffold can provide an original and integrated environment for HPSCs growth. Additionally, this scaffold can be modified for different cell co-culture or cell behavior study.
Peptides based on the reactive center loop of Manduca sexta serpin-3 block its protease inhibitory function
Authors: Li Miao , Takahashi Daisuke , Kanost Michael R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOne innate immune response in insects is the proteolytic activation of hemolymph prophenoloxidase (proPO), regulated by protease inhibitors called serpins. In the inhibition reaction of serpins, a protease cleaves a peptide bond in a solvent-exposed reactive center loop (RCL) of the serpin, and the serpin undergoes a conformational change, incorporating the amino-terminal segment of the RCL into serpin β-sheet A as a new strand. This results in an irreversible inhibitory complex of the serpin with the protease. We synthesized four peptides with sequences from the hinge region in the RCL of Manduca sexta serpin-3 and found they were able to block serpin-3 inhibitory activity, resulting in suppression of inhibitory protease-serpin complex formation. An RCL-derived peptide with the sequence Ser-Val-Ala-Phe-Ser (SVAFS) displayed robust blocking activity against serpin-3. Addition of acetyl-SVAFS-amide to hemolymph led to unregulated proPO activation. Serpin-3 associated with Ac-SVAFS-COO− had an altered circular dichroism spectrum and enhanced thermal resistance to change in secondary structure, indicating that these two molecules formed a binary complex, most likely by insertion of the peptide into β-sheet A. The interference of RCL-derived peptides with serpin activity may lead to new possibilities of “silencing” arthropod serpins with unknown functions for investigation of their physiological roles.
The residence-time of Jovian electrons in the inner heliosphere
Authors: Vogt A. , Engelbrecht N. E. , Strauss R. D. , Heber B. , Kopp A. , Herbst K. 
Published: July 2020

Context. Jovian electrons serve an important role in test-particle distribution in the inner heliosphere. They have been used extensively in the past to study the (diffusive) transport of cosmic rays in the inner heliosphere. With new limits on the Jovian source function, that is, the particle intensity just outside the Jovian magnetosphere, and a new set of in-situ observations at 1 AU for cases of both good and poor magnetic connection between the source and observer, we revisit some of these earlier simulations.
Aims. We aim to find the optimal numerical set-up that can be used to simulate the propagation of 6 MeV Jovian electrons in the inner heliosphere. Using such a setup, we further aim to study the residence (propagation) times of these particles for different levels of magnetic connection between Jupiter and an observer at Earth (1 AU).
Methods. Using an advanced Jovian electron propagation model based on the stochastic differential equation approach, we calculated the Jovian electron intensity for different model parameters. A comparison with observations leads to an optimal numerical setup, which was then used to calculate the so-called residence (propagation) times of these particles.
Results. Through a comparison with in-situ observations, we were able to derive transport parameters that are appropriate for the study of the propagation of 6 MeV Jovian electrons in the inner heliosphere. Moreover, using these values, we show that the method of calculating the residence time applied in the existing literature is not suited to being interpreted as the propagation time of physical particles. This is due to an incorrect weighting of the probability distribution. We applied a new method, where the results from each pseudo-particle are weighted by its resulting phase-space density (i.e. the number of physical particles that it represents). We thereby obtained more reliable estimates for the propagation time.
Aortenaneurysma: fenestrierte/gebranchte abdominale EVAR (fbEVAR) und fenestrierte/gebranchte thorakale EVAR (fbTEVAR). Ist die komplette endovaskuläre Therapie schon da?
Authors: Mehmedovic Aldin , Konstantinou Nikolaos , Jerkku Thomas , Pichlmaier Maximilian , Kölbel Tilo , Rantner Barbara , Banafsche Ramin , Tsilimparis Nikolaos 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungFünf Jahre nach der ersten endovaskulären Aortenrekonstruktion (EVAR) berichten Park et al. über die erste Implantation einer fenestrierten Endoprothese. In der Zwischenzeit wurden mehrere fortgeschrittene Generationen von fenestrierten und gebranchten Prothesen entwickelt. Diese können in den meisten Fällen in 2 Gruppen unterteilt werden. Zur 1. Gruppe gehören die „custom-made“-Prothesen, die für elektive Operationen individuell für Patienten mit spezifischer Anatomie hergestellt werden. Eine 2. Gruppe bilden die sog. „off-the-shelf“-Prothesen, die sich durch vom Hersteller vergebene Charakteristika im Sinne von Länge, Breite und Durchmesser auszeichnen und bei allen Prothesen gleich sind. Die offene gefäßchirurgische Therapie der thorakoabdominellen Aortenaneurysmen ist selbst bei elektiven Eingriffen mit relevanter Mortalität und Morbidität assoziiert. Die Entwicklung von endovaskulären Modalitäten wie z. B. fenestrierte oder gebranchte endovaskuläre
Aortenrekonstruktionen (F-EVAR, B-EVAR) ermöglichten die Nutzung weniger invasiver Prozeduren für die Behandlung der komplexen Aortenpathologien sowohl im thorakoabdominalen Abschnitt als auch im Aortenbogen. Eine umfassende Behandlung aller Segmente der Aorta mit endovaskulären Techniken wurde noch nicht vollständig evaluiert. Das Ziel dieses Artikels ist die Präsentation eines Überblicks der zurzeit verfügbaren endovaskulären Möglichkeiten der Behandlung von komplexen abdominellen und thorakoabdominellen Aortenaneurysmen, die sowohl eine komplexe thorakale als auch komplexe abdominale Versorgung benötigen.
Erwachsene mit Intelligenzminderung und psychischer Störung respektive problematischem Verhalten: Systemrelevante Strategien zur Reduktion aggressiver Eskalationen
Authors: Wehmeyer Meike , Schweitzer Jochen , Nagy Ede , Gaese Franziska , Nicolai Elisabeth 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungIm Kontext des Praxisforschungsprojekts SYMPA-GB (Systemtherapeutische Methoden in der psychiatrischen Akutversorgung von Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung) fokussierte eine Interviewstudie auf die Analyse der Interaktionen im Multi-Helfersystem von Personen mit geistiger Behinderung, die im Heim leben und aufgrund aggressiven Verhaltens gehäuft psychiatrische Dienste in Anspruch nehmen. Eine via Inhaltsanalyse ermittelte Strategiesammlung bündelt das Handlungswissen aller Akteure im Umgang mit herausforderndem Verhalten und unterstreicht die Bedeutung einer (multi-)systemischen Herangehensweise.
Validierung der Skala zur Erfassung von Autismusspektrumstörung bei Minderbegabten (SEAS-M) an einer klinisch-psychiatrischen Stichprobe Erwachsener
Authors: Böhm Julia , Hermann Hauke , Melchers Peter , Sappok Tanja 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Untersuchung der diagnostischen Validität der Skala zur Erfassung von Autismusspektrumstörung bei Minderbegabten (SEAS-M).
Methodik Unverblindete Anwendung der SEAS-M in einer klinisch-psychiatrischen Stichprobe Erwachsener mit Intelligenzminderung (IM; N = 109) und Autismusverdacht.
Ergebnisse Sensitivität von 89 %, Spezifität von 62 %, Fläche unter der Kurve (AUC) von 0,83 bei einem Grenzwert von 10. Alter, Geschlecht und Schwere der IM sind ohne Einfluss auf den Gesamtwert. Ausgewogenere diagnostische Validität bei leichter bis mittelgradiger IM (Sensitivität/ Spezifität: 85 %/73 %) als bei schwerer bis schwerster IM (93 %/42 %). Konvergente Validität mit anderen Autismusskalen (r = 0,3–0,6), fehlende Korrelationen (divergente Validität) mit Skalen für Problemverhalten.
Schlussfolgerung Die SEAS-M ist ein Screeninginstrument zur Autismusdiagnostik bei Erwachsenen mit leichter bis mittelgradiger IM, wobei die fehlende Verblindung zu einer Überschätzung der diagnostischen Validität geführt haben kann.
Bumpy Roads Lead to Beautiful Places: The Twists and Turns in Developing a New Class of PN-Heterocycles
Authors: Johnson Darren W. , Haley Michael M. , Bard Jeremy P. 
Published: July 2020

The Haley and Johnson labs at the University of Oregon have been collaborating since 2006, combining skillsets in synthetic organic, physical organic, and supramolecular chemistries. This joint project has produced many examples of host molecules that bind anionic guests and give chemical, photophysical, and/or electrical responses. Many of these receptors utilize two-armed arylethynyl backbones that have a variety of hydrogen- or halogen-bonding functional groups appended. However, in attempts to produce a bisamide-containing host using a peptide-coupling protocol with P(OPh)3 present, we isolated something unexpected – a heterocycle containing neighboring P and N atoms. This ‘failed’ reaction turned into a surprisingly robust synthesis of phosphaquinolinones, an unusual class of PN-heterocycles. This Account article tells the rollercoaster story of these heterocycles in our lab. It will highlight our key works to this field, including a suite of fundamental studies of both the original PN-naphthalene moiety, as well as a variety of structural modifications to the arene backbone. It will also discuss the major step forward the project took when we developed a phosphaquinolinone-containing receptor molecule capable of binding HSO4
– selectively, reversibly, and with recyclability. With these findings, the project has gone from hospice care to making a full, robust recovery.1	Introduction2	Initial Discovery3	Setbacks Breathe New Life4	A New Dynamic Duo Develops Dozens of Derivatives5	Physicochemical Characterization5.1	Fluorescence5.2	Molecular Structures5.3	Solution Dimerization Studies6	Applying What We Have Learned6.1	Development of Supramolecular Host6.2	Use of PN Moiety as an Impressive Fluorophore7	Conclusions and Outlook
Catch It If You Can: Copper-Catalyzed (Transfer) Hydrogenation Reactions and Coupling Reactions by Intercepting Reactive Intermediates Thereof
Authors: Teichert Johannes F. , Brechmann Lea T. 
Published: July 2020

The key reactive intermediate of copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne semihydrogenations is a vinylcopper(I) complex. This intermediate can be exploited as a starting point for a variety of trapping reactions. In this manner, an alkyne semihydrogenation can be turned into a dihydrogen­-mediated coupling reaction. Therefore, the development of copper-catalyzed (transfer) hydrogenation reactions is closely intertwined with the corresponding reductive trapping reactions. This short review highlights and conceptualizes the results in this area so far, with H2-mediated carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bond-forming reactions emerging under both a transfer hydrogenation setting as well as with the direct use of H2. In all cases, highly selective catalysts are required that give rise to atom-economic multicomponent coupling reactions with rapidly rising molecular complexity. The coupling reactions are put into perspective by presenting the corresponding (transfer) hydrogenation processes first.1 Introduction: H2-Mediated C–C Bond-Forming Reactions2 Accessing Copper(I) Hydride Complexes as Key Reagents for Coupling Reactions; Requirements for Successful Trapping Reactions3 Homogeneous Copper-Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenations4 Trapping of Reactive Intermediates of Alkyne Transfer Semi­hydrogenation Reactions: First Steps Towards Hydrogenative Alkyne Functionalizations5 Copper(I)-Catalyzed Alkyne Semihydrogenations6 Copper(I)-Catalyzed H2-Mediated Alkyne Functionalizations; Trapping of Reactive Intermediates from Catalytic Hydrogenations6.1 A Detour: Copper(I)-Catalyzed Allylic Reductions, Catalytic Generation of Hydride Nucleophiles from H26.2 Trapping with Allylic Electrophiles: A Copper(I)-Catalyzed Hydro­allylation Reaction of Alkynes6.3 Trapping with Aryl Iodides7 Conclusion
Aluminium Splint Incorporated Fibreglass Cast Preserves Limb Function in Bovines with Olecranon Fracture
Authors: Sangwan Vandana , Yadav Ganga P. , Kumar Ashwani 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjective Olecranon process fractures are rare in bovines. The aim of the study was to put on record satisfactory limb usage in cattle and buffaloes suffering from olecranon fractures and treated conservatively, primarily for carpal contracture or to prevent it, using aluminum splints incorporated within a fiberglass cast along with stall confinement.Study Design This one year study included 19 olecranon fractures in bovines (15 buffaloes and 4 cattle). Out of 19, 12 bovines (9 buffaloes and 3 cattle) were treated primarily to manage the associated carpal contracture, using external coaptation of aluminium splints incorporated within a fiberglass cast for 6 to 8 weeks. The owners of the remaining 7 bovines (6 buffaloes and 1 bullock) were only advised to keep their animal in stall-confinement, due to various reasons.Results Slipping and falling on hard surfaces was the primary aetiology of olecranon fractures (17/19). Most of the fractures (14/19) were presented more than 10 days after a traumatic event, with a mean duration of 24.0 ± 26.6 days. On follow up, all the treated bovines showed satisfactory limb usage whereas all stall-confined buffaloes showed no improvement.Conclusion Slipping and falling on hard surfaces is a common cause of olecranon fracture in bovines. Olecranon fractures associated carpal contracture can be successfully treated/prevented by applying full limb cast (if possible including elbow) along with aluminum splints leading to satisfactory limb usage in bovines. Further it is concluded that stall confinement alone is insufficient to prevent limb contracture (which usually develops with olecranon fracture in bovines) leading to permanent non-weight bearing disability.
Comparative Cost Analysis of Robotic-Assisted and Jig-Based Manual Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Cotter Eric J. , Wang Jesse , Illgen Richard L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractExcellent durability with traditional jig-based manual total knee arthroplasty (mTKA) has been noted, but substantial rates of dissatisfaction remain. Robotic-assisted TKA (raTKA) was introduced to improve clinical outcomes, but associated costs have not been well studied. The purpose of our study is to compare 90-day episode-of-care (EOC) costs for mTKA and raTKA. A retrospective review of an institutional database from 4/2015 to 9/2017 identified consecutive mTKAs and raTKAs using a single implant system performed by one surgeon. The raTKA platform became available at our institution in October 2016. Prior to this date, all TKAs were performed with mTKA technique. After this date, all TKAs were performed using robotic-assistance without exception. Sequential cases were included for both mTKA and raTKA with no patients excluded. Clinical and financial data were obtained from medical and billing records. Ninety-day EOC costs were compared. Statistical analysis was performed by departmental statistician. One hundred and thirty nine mTKAs and 147 raTKAs were identified. No significant differences in patient characteristics were noted. Total intraoperative costs were higher ($10,295.17 vs. 9,998.78, respectively, p < 0.001) and inpatient costs were lower ($3,893.90 vs. 5,587.40, respectively, p < 0.001) comparing raTKA and mTKA. Length of stay (LOS) was reduced 25% (1.2 vs. 1.6 days, respectively, p < 0.0001) and prescribed opioids were reduced 57% (984.2 versus 2240.4 morphine milligram equivalents, respectively, p < 0.0001) comparing raTKA with mTKA. Ninety-day EOC costs were $2,090.70 lower for raTKA compared with mTKA ($15,629.94 vs. 17,720.64, respectively; p < 0.001). The higher intraoperative costs associated with raTKA were offset by greater savings in postoperative costs for the 90-day EOC compared with mTKA. Higher intraoperative costs were driven by the cost of the robot, maintenance fees, and robot-specific disposables. Cost savings with raTKA were primarily driven by reduced instrument pan reprocessing fees, shorter LOS, and reduced prescribed opioids compared with mTKA technique. raTKA demonstrated improved value compared with mTKA based on significantly lower average 90-day EOC costs and superior quality exemplified by reduced LOS, less postoperative opioid requirements, and reduced postdischarge resource utilization.
Multiorgan Involvement in COVID-19 and Possible Therapies
Authors: Sathe Prachee , Singh Vijay Sundar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn late 2019, China reported cases of respiratory illness in humans, which involved a novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (also known as 2019-nCoV). The World Health Organization (WHO) termed the disease COVID-19 (i.e., Coronavirus disease 2019). Most of the morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 is largely due to acute viral pneumonitis that leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This article will discuss the clinical features of the multiorgan involvement in COVID-19 as well as the management of patients who become critically ill due to COVID-19.
Reinforcement by realignment in diachronic construction grammar
Authors: Kuo Yueh Hsin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper suggests thatxiē‘some’ in Mandarin Chinese originated as a quantifier but became a classifier in theyi‘one’ construction viarealignment, orchange in inheritancein diachronic construction grammar. This change has createdyi xiē, semantically equivalent toxiē, therefore it is also a case of reinforcement in the sense of Jespersen’s Cycle. However, this study argues thatyi xiēhas not necessarily undergone grammaticalisation. Generalising the analysis, two types of reinforcement are proposed: reinforcement by innovation and by realignment. The former involves grammaticalisation, but the latter may not. The study highlights the importance of higher-level generalisations in language change.