bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction between Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Growth Promotion and Tuber Inulin Content of Helianthus tuberosus L
Authors: Nacoon Sabaiporn , Jogloy Sanun , Riddech Nuntavun , Mongkolthanaruk Wiyada , Kuyper Thomas W. , Boonlue Sophon 
Published: March 2020

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) could interact synergistically because PSB solubilize sparingly available phosphorous compounds into orthophosphate that AMF can absorb and transport to the host plant. Little is known about the interactions between these two groups in terms of promoting Jerusalem artichoke, Helianthus tuberosus L., which is widely planted by farmers because of its high inulin content. Production depends mainly on synthetic fertilizers as source of plant nutrients. This study aimed to isolate and characterize PSB and investigate the effects of co-inoculation of AMF and PSB on plant performance and inulin accumulation. Isolate UDJA102x89-9, identified as Klebsiella variicola (KV), showed phosphate-solubilizing ability and produced high amounts of several organic acids in vitro and of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The experiment combined KV and two AMF species (Glomus multisubtensum (GM) and Rhizophagus intraradices (RI)). Co-inoculation of KV with RI, in combination with rock phosphate, showed the largest increases in plant growth and tuber inulin content, compared both to an unfertilized and fertilized control. This result would reveal whether the phosphate solubilization and IAA property of the PSB in vitro played a significant role in changing plant growth and production, and the available P was subsequently taken up and transported to plant roots by AMF. The high combined effect may have the potential for use by farmers in the future as a biofertilizer for inulin production by Helianthus tuberosus L.
Biphasic changes in β-cell mass around parturition are accompanied by increased serotonin production
Authors: Takahashi Masaya , Miyatsuka Takeshi , Suzuki Luka , Osonoi Sho , Himuro Miwa , Miura Masaki , Katahira Takehiro , Wakabayashi Yuka , Fukunaka Ayako , Nishida Yuya , Fujitani Yoshio , Takeda Satoru , Mizukami Hiroki , Itakura Atsuo , Watada Hirotaka 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPancreatic β-cell mass is known to be considerably altered during pregnancy and after parturition in rodents and humans. While β-cell mass increases during pregnancy and starts to return toward its original level after parturition, the cellular mechanisms by which β-cell mass during this period is regulated remains unclear. To address this issue in mice, we quantified β-cell mass and investigated the mechanisms underlying its regulation throughout the perinatal and postpartum period. The increased β-cell size and proliferation during pregnancy were significantly reduced shortly after parturition, whereas there was no evidence of β-cell reprogramming or increased apoptosis. Direct RNA sequencing of islets from pregnant and postpartum mice demonstrated dynamic changes in gene expression patterns, showing robust downregulation of cell cycle-related genes 1 day after parturition, and the reupregulation of serotonin metabolism-related genes at postpartum day 7. Serotonin synthesis was activated only in lactating females, accompanied by increased β-cell mass. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that β-cell mass is decreased shortly after parturition owing to reduced β-cell size and proliferation, and is subsequently increased, in association with lactation and serotonin biosynthesis.
A 62K genic-SNP chip array for genetic studies and breeding applications in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.)
Authors: Singh Sangeeta , Mahato Ajay K. , Jayaswal Pawan K. , Singh Nisha , Dheer Meenakshi , Goel Preeti , Raje Ranjeet S. , Yasin Jeshima K. , Sreevathsa Rohini , Rai Vandna , Gaikwad Kishor , Singh Nagendra K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPigeonpea is the second most important pulse legume crop for food and nutritional security of South Asia that requires accelerated breeding using high throughput genomic tools. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are highly suitable markers for this purpose because of their bi-allelic nature, reproducibility and high abundance in the genome. Here we report on development and use of a pigeonpea 62 K SNP chip array ‘CcSNPnks’ for Affymetrix GeneTitan® platform. The array was designed after filtering 645,662 genic-SNPs identified by re-sequencing of 45 diverse genotypes and has 62,053 SNPs from 9629 genes belonging to five different categories, including 4314 single-copy genes unique to pigeonpea, 4328 single-copy genes conserved between soybean and pigeonpea, 156 homologs of agronomically important cloned genes, 746 disease resistance and defense response genes and 85 multi-copy genes of pigeonpea. This fully genic chip has 28.94% exonic, 33.04% intronic, 27.56% 5′UTR and 10.46% 3′UTR SNPs and incorporates multiple SNPs per gene allowing gene haplotype network analysis. It was used successfully for the analysis of genetic diversity and population structure of 95 pigeonpea varieties and high resolution mapping of 11 yield related QTLs for number of branches, pod bearing length and number of seeds per pod in a biparental RIL population. As an accurate high-density genotyping tool, ‘CcSNPnks’ chip array will be useful for high resolution fingerprinting, QTL mapping and genome wide as well as gene-based association studies in pigeonpea.
Objective activity tracking in spine surgery: a prospective feasibility study with a low-cost consumer grade wearable accelerometer
Authors: Stienen Martin N. , Rezaii Paymon G. , Ho Allen L. , Veeravagu Anand , Zygourakis Corinna C. , Tomkins-Lane Christy , Park Jon , Ratliff John K. , Desai Atman M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPatient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are commonly used to estimate disability of patients with spinal degenerative disease. Emerging technological advances present an opportunity to provide objective measurements of activity. In a prospective, observational study we utilized a low-cost consumer grade wearable accelerometer (LCA) to determine patient activity (steps per day) preoperatively (baseline) and up to one year (Y1) after cervical and lumbar spine surgery. We studied 30 patients (46.7% male; mean age 57 years; 70% Caucasian) with a baseline activity level of 5624 steps per day. The activity level decreased by 71% in the 1st postoperative week (p < 0.001) and remained 37% lower in the 2nd (p < 0.001) and 23% lower in the 4th week (p = 0.015). At no time point until Y1 did patients increase their activity level, compared to baseline. Activity was greater in patients with cervical, as compared to patients with lumbar spine disease. Age, sex, ethnic group, anesthesia risk score and fusion were variables associated with activity. There was no correlation between activity and PROMs, but a strong correlation with depression. Determining activity using LCAs provides real-time and longitudinal information about patient mobility and return of function. Recovery took place over the first eight postoperative weeks, with subtle improvement afterwards.
Force accuracy rather than high stiffness is associated with faster learning and reduced falls in human balance
Authors: Cherif Amel , Loram Ian , Zenzeri Jacopo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBalance requires the centre of mass to be maintained within the base of support. This can be achieved by minimising position sway (stiffness control: SC) or minimising force error (force accuracy control: FAC). Minimising sway reduces exploration of system properties, whereas minimising force error maximizes accurate mapping of the force vs position. We hypothesise that (i) FAC is associated with faster learning and fewer falls whereas (ii) SC is not. Fifteen participants used myoelectric signals from their legs to maintain balance of an actuated, inverted pendulum, to which they were strapped. Using challenging perturbations, participants were trained to maintain balance without falling within five sessions and tested before (PRE) and after (POST) training. We quantified FAC as ‘change (POST-PRE) in correlation of force with position’ and SC as ‘change in sway’. PRE training, five measures (sway, acceleration, co-contraction, effort, falls) showed no correlation with either FAC or SC. POST training, reduced fall rate, effort and acceleration correlated with FAC metric. SC correlated only with reduced sway. Unlike sway minimisation, development of force accuracy was associated with learning and reduced falls. These results support that accurate force estimation allowing movement is more relevant than stiffness to improve balance and prevent falls.
Changes in patient admissions after the 2015 Earthquake: a tertiary hospital-based study in Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Moitinho de Almeida Maria , Schlüter Benjamin-Samuel , van Loenhout Joris Adriaan Frank , Thapa Sunil Singh , Kumar K. C. , Singh Ravikant , Guha-Sapir Debarati , Mahara Deepak Prakash 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLiterature on earthquake impact on hospital admissions is lacking, particularly in low-resource settings. Our aim was to study the pattern of admissions before and after the 2015 earthquake in a tertiary hospital in Nepal. We used routine hospital data from 9,596 admissions, and defined four periods: pre-earthquake (pre-EQ), acute (EQ1), post-acute (EQ2), and post-earthquake (post-EQ). We compared length of hospital stay (LOS) across the study periods using negative binomial regressions. We used logistic regressions to study changes in probability of admission for diagnostic categories, and Generalized Additive Models to model the difference in number of admissions compared to pre-EQ baseline. LOS was longer in EQ1 than during pre-EQ, in particular for injury-related admissions. In EQ1, the odds of injury admissions increased, while they decreased for the majority of other diagnoses, with the odds of pregnancy-related admissions remaining low until post-EQ. The number of admissions dropped in EQ1 and EQ2, and returned to pre-EQ trends in post-EQ, accumulating 381 admissions lost (CI: 206–556). Our findings suggest that hospital disaster plans must not only foresee injury management after earthquakes, but also ensure accessibility, in particular for pregnant women, and promote a quick return to normality to prevent additional negative health outcomes.
Monocular and Binocular Temporal Visual Perception of Infantile Nystagmus
Authors: Moshkovitz Avital , Lev Maria , Polat Uri 
Published: March 2020

AbstractContrast sensitivity is mostly used as a tool for testing aspects of visual functions. Infantile nystagmus is a pathological phenomenon that affects the spatial-temporal visual functions due to spontaneous oscillating movements of the eyes. We examined the spatial-temporal aspects of nystagmus perception, aiming to investigate the mechanisms underlying the deterioration of their visual performance. We tested the monocular and binocular contrast sensitivity of nystagmus and normally sighted subjects by measuring contrast detection of a Gabor target with spatial frequencies slightly above the cutoff threshold of each subject (nystagmus ~3; controls = 9cpd; presentation times 60–480 ms). The dominant eye of nystagmus revealed large differences over the non-dominant eye, highlighting the superiority of the dominant over the non-dominant eye in nystagmus. In addition, binocular summation mechanism was impaired in majority of the nystagmus subjects. Furthermore, these differences are not attributed to differences in visual acuity. Moreover, the visual performance in nystagmus continue to improve for longer presentation time compared with controls and was longer in the poor eye. Since the results are not due to differences in eye movements and strabismus, we suggest that the differences are due to developmental impairment in the visual system during the critical period.
Efficacy of three-dimensionally printed polycaprolactone/beta tricalcium phosphate scaffold on mandibular reconstruction
Authors: Lee Sanghoon , Choi Dami , Shim Jin-Hyung , Nam Woong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIt has been demonstrated that development of three-dimensional printing technology has supported the researchers and surgeons to apply the bone tissue engineering to the oromandibular reconstruction. In this study, poly caprolactone/beta tricalcium phosphate (PCL/β-TCP) scaffolds were fabricated by multi-head deposition system. The feasibility of the three-dimensionally (3D) -printed PCL/β-TCP scaffolds for mandibular reconstruction was examined on critical-sized defect of canine mandible. The scaffold contained the heterogeneous pore sizes for more effective bone ingrowth and additional wing structures for more stable fixation. They were implanted into the mandibular critical-sized defect of which periosteum was bicortically resected. With eight 1-year-old male beagle dogs, experimental groups were divided into 4 groups (n = 4 defects per group, respectively). (a) no further treatment (control), (b) PCL/β-TCP scaffold alone (PCL/TCP), (c) PCL/β-TCP scaffold with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) (PCL/TCP/BMP2) and (d) PCL/β-TCP scaffold with autogenous bone particles (PCL/TCP/ABP). In micro-computed tomography, PCL/TCP/BMP2 and PCL/TCP/ ABP groups showed significant higher bone volume in comparison to Control and PCL/TCP groups (P < 0.05). In histomorphometric analysis, a trend towards more bone formation was observed in PCL/TCP/BMP2 and PCL/TCP/ABP groups, but the results lacked statistical significance (P = 0.052). Within the limitations of the present study, 3D-printed PCL/β-TCP scaffolds showed acceptable potential for oromandibular reconstruction.
Foreign DNA detection by high-throughput sequencing to regulate genome-edited agricultural products
Authors: Itoh Takeshi , Onuki Ritsuko , Tsuda Mai , Oshima Masao , Endo Masaki , Sakai Hiroaki , Tanaka Tsuyoshi , Ohsawa Ryo , Tabei Yutaka 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlthough the advent of several new breeding techniques (NBTs) is revolutionizing agricultural production processes, technical information necessary for their regulation is yet to be provided. Here, we show that high-throughput DNA sequencing is effective for the detection of unintended remaining foreign DNA segments in genome-edited rice. A simple k-mer detection method is presented and validated through a series of computer simulations and real data analyses. The data show that a short foreign DNA segment of 20 nucleotides can be detected and the probability that the segment is overlooked is 10−3 or less if the average sequencing depth is 30 or more, while the number of false hits is less than 1 on average. This method was applied to real sequencing data, and the presence and absence of an external DNA segment were successfully proven. Additionally, our in-depth analyses also identified some weaknesses in current DNA sequencing technologies. Hence, for a rigorous safety assessment, the combination of k-mer detection and another method, such as Southern blot assay, is recommended. The results presented in this study will lay the foundation for the regulation of NBT products, where foreign DNA is utilized during their generation.
Development and structural determination of an anti-PrPC aptamer that blocks pathological conformational conversion of prion protein
Authors: Mashima Tsukasa , Lee Joon-Hwa , Kamatari Yuji O. , Hayashi Tomohiko , Nagata Takashi , Nishikawa Fumiko , Nishikawa Satoshi , Kinoshita Masahiro , Kuwata Kazuo , Katahira Masato 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPrion diseases comprise a fatal neuropathy caused by the conversion of prion protein from a cellular (PrPC) to a pathological (PrPSc) isoform. Previously, we obtained an RNA aptamer, r(GGAGGAGGAGGA) (R12), that folds into a unique G-quadruplex. The R12 homodimer binds to a PrPC molecule, inhibiting PrPC-to-PrPSc conversion. Here, we developed a new RNA aptamer, r(GGAGGAGGAGGAGGAGGAGGAGGA) (R24), where two R12s are tandemly connected. The 50% inhibitory concentration for the formation of PrPSc (IC50) of R24 in scrapie-infected cell lines was ca. 100 nM, i.e., much lower than that of R12 by two orders. Except for some antibodies, R24 exhibited the lowest recorded IC50 and the highest anti-prion activity. We also developed a related aptamer, r(GGAGGAGGAGGA-A-GGAGGAGGAGGA) (R12-A-R12), IC50 being ca. 500 nM. The structure of a single R12-A-R12 molecule determined by NMR resembled that of the R12 homodimer. The quadruplex structure of either R24 or R12-A-R12 is unimolecular, and therefore the structure could be stably formed when they are administered to a prion-infected cell culture. This may be the reason they can exert high anti-prion activity.
Antithrombotische Therapie bei Niereninsuffizienz
Authors: Alscher Mark Dominik 
Published: March 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGChronische Nierenerkrankungen (CKD) nehmen weltweit zu. Derzeit haben bis zu 15 % der erwachsenen Bevölkerung eine CKD. Erkrankungen wiederum, welche einer Antikoagulation bedürfen, finden sich in dieser Gruppe gehäuft, beispielsweise ein Vorhofflimmern. Bei Hämodialysepatienten findet sich dieses bei bis zu 12 % der Patienten. Auch lässt sich für diese Kombination eine erhöhte Rate von ischämischen apoplektischen Insulten demonstrieren (um das 1,6-fache gesteigert). Eine Antikoagulation bei Vorhofflimmern bei CKD ist jedoch – insbesondere bei Dialysepatienten – umstritten. Die Studienergebnisse wiederum wurden überwiegend bei Gabe von Vitamin-K-Antagonisten (VKA) erhoben. Für neuere Antikoagulantien (NOAK) sieht die Faktenlage anders aus. Es wird deshalb heute bei Notwendigkeit zur Antikoagulation bei CKD bis Stadium G4 (entsprechend Creatinin-Clearance > 15 ml/min) die Gabe von NOAK empfohlen.
Klinische Studien zur antithrombotischen Therapie kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen
Authors: Olivier Christoph B. , Bode Christoph , Dürschmied Daniel 
Published: March 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDieser Artikel soll einen Überblick über klinische Studien des Jahres 2019 zur antithrombotischen Therapie kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen geben. Im Jahr 2019 wurden auf den jährlichen Hauptkongressen der 3 international führenden kardiovaskulären Gesellschaften (American College of Cardiology, European Society of Cardiology und American Heart Association) 15 Studien zur antithrombotischen Therapie kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen vorgestellt und in einer der führenden Fachzeitschriften veröffentlicht. Der Trend geht zu einer personalisierten antithrombotischen Therapie. Während eine verkürzte Dauer der Thrombozytenaggregationshemmung nach perkutaner Koronarintervention eher sicher erscheint, profitieren Patienten mit hohem individuellem ischämischen Risiko möglicherweise von einer verlängerten intensivierten antithrombotischen Therapie. Die Standardtherapie für Patienten mit Vorhofflimmern nach perkutaner Koronarintervention besteht aus einem Nicht-Vitamin-K-Antagonist oralen Antikoagulanz und einem P2Y12-Inhibitor. Nach 12 Monaten ohne neues Ereignis reicht bei den meisten dieser Patienten eine orale Antikoagulation ohne zusätzliche Thrombozytenaggregationshemmung aus. Nach Katheter-gestütztem Aortenklappenersatz kann für Patienten ohne Indikation für eine orale Antikoagulation eine Therapie mit 10 mg Rivaroxaban nicht empfohlen werden.
Robot-Assisted versus Conventional Total and Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty: A Meta-analysis of Radiological and Functional Outcomes
Authors: Chin Brian Zhaojie , Tan Sharon Si Heng , Chua Kasia Chen Xi , Budiono Gideon Richard , Syn Nicholas Li-Xun , O'Neill Gavin Kane 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe study aims to provide an up-to-date systematic review and meta-analysis comparing radiological and functional outcomes of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) using either robotic assistance or conventional methods from the latest assemblage of evidence. This study was conducted according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) and MOOSE (Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines. All studies in PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, and Cochrane that reported radiological and functional outcomes after TKA or UKA with either robotic or conventional methods were included in the review. Selected endpoints for random effects, pairwise meta-analysis included operative details, radiological outcomes (mechanical axis, component angle deviation, and outliers), and functional outcomes (American Knee Society Score, Knee Society Function Score, revision and complication rate, range of motion (ROM), Hospital for Special Surgery score, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index). A total of 23 studies comprising 2,765 knees were included from the initial search. Robot-assisted TKA and UKA were associated with significantly better component angle alignment accuracy (low-to-high quality evidence) at the cost of significantly greater operation time. Robot-assisted UKA was found to have significantly better short-term functional outcomes compared with conventional UKA (moderate-to-high quality evidence). Robot-assisted TKA, however, did not exhibit significantly better short- and midterm subjective knee outcome scores compared with its conventional counterpart (high-quality evidence). Robot-assisted TKA and UKA were associated with nonstatistically significant improved ROM and lesser rates of revision. Robot-assisted total and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty leads to better radiological outcomes, with no significant differences in mid- and long-term functional outcomes compared with conventional methods for the former. Larger prospective studies with mid- and long-term outcomes are required to further substantiate findings from the present study.
A philosophy of health: life as reality, health as a universal value
Authors: Saad Julian M. , Prochaska James O. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEmphases on biomarkers (e.g. when making diagnoses) and pharmaceutical/drug methods (e.g. when researching/disseminating population level interventions) in primary care evidence philosophies of health (and healthcare) that reduce health to the biological level. However, with chronic diseases being responsible for the majority of all cause deaths and being strongly linked to health behavior and lifestyle; predominantly biological views are becoming increasingly insufficient when discussing this health crisis. A philosophy that integrates biological, behavioral, and social determinants of health could benefit multidisciplinary discussions of healthy publics. This manuscript introduces a Philosophy of Health by presenting its first five principles of health. The philosophy creates parallels among biological immunity, health behavior change, social change by proposing that two general functions—precision and variation—impact population health at biological, behavioral, and social levels. This higher-level of abstraction is used to conclude that integrating functions, rather than separated (biological) structures drive healthy publics. A Philosophy of Health provides a framework that can integrate existing theories, models, concepts, and constructs.
试论普通话声调的本调
Authors: Shi Feng 
Published: March 2020

抽象
本文提出对普通话声调描写的改进意见：把以单字调为基础的观念改为以连读调为基础。普通话的声调描写应为：阴平55、阳平35、上声11、去声53。理由可以有三点：1、连读调更接近于本调。2、单字调带有边界成分。3、连读调更接近实际语言交际。另外我们还找到两个理论依据。一个是麦迪森的平调定义，一个是赵元任的双数调原则。文章列出大量的声学和感知实验的证据来支持我们的意见。同时指出：普通话声调的这种轴对称结构表现出最大区别原理的最佳对立状态。讨论认为，五度值是一种半调值、半调位的记调法，具有相当的模糊性。实际语言中极少有分为五级调阶的。