bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal Changes in the Areal Coverage of Daily Extreme Precipitation in the Northeastern United States Using High-Resolution Gridded Data
Authors: DeGaetano Arthur T. , Mooers Griffin , Favata Thomas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTime-dependent changes in extreme precipitation occurrence across the northeastern United States are evaluated in terms of areal extent. Using gridded precipitation data for the period from 1950 to 2018, polygons are defined that are based on isohyets corresponding to extreme daily precipitation accumulations. Across the region, areal precipitation is characterized on the basis of the annual and seasonal number of extreme precipitation polygons and the area of the polygons. Using the subset of grid points that correspond to station locations in the northeastern United States, gridded precipitation replicates the observed trends in extreme precipitation based on station observations. Although the number of extreme precipitation polygons does not change significantly through time, there is a marked increase in the area covered by the polygons. The median annual polygon area nearly doubles from 1950 to 2013. Consistent results occur for percentiles other than the median and a range of extreme precipitation amount thresholds, with the most pronounced changes observed in spring and summer. Like trends in station data, outside the northeastern United States trends in extreme precipitation polygon area are negative, particularly in the western United States, or they are not statistically significant. Collectively, the results suggest that the increases in heavy precipitation frequency and amount observed at stations in the northeastern United States are a manifestation of an expansion of the spatial area over which extreme precipitation occurs rather than a change in the number of unique extreme precipitation polygons.
Recent Arctic Ocean Surface Air Temperatures in Atmospheric Reanalyses and Numerical Simulations
Authors: Marquardt Collow Allison B. , Cullather Richard I. , Bosilovich Michael G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSurface air temperatures have recently increased more rapidly in the Arctic than elsewhere in the world, but large uncertainty remains in the time series and trend. Over the data-sparse sea ice zone, the retrospective assimilation of observations in numerical reanalyses has been thought to offer a possible, but challenging, avenue for adequately reproducing the historical time series. Focusing on the central Arctic Ocean, output is analyzed from 12 reanalyses with a specific consideration of two widely used products: the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2), and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim, hereafter ERA-I). Among the reanalyses considered, a trend of 0.9 K decade−1 is indicated but with an uncertainty of 6%, and a large spread in mean values. There is a partitioning among those reanalyses that use fractional sea ice cover and those that employ a threshold, which are colder in winter by an average of 2 K but agree more closely with in situ observations. For reanalyses using fractional sea ice cover, discrepancies in the ice fraction in autumn and winter explain most of the differences in air temperature values. A set of experiments using the MERRA-2 background model using MERRA-2 and ERA-I sea ice and sea surface temperature indicates significant effects of boundary condition differences on air temperatures, and a preferential warm bias inherent in the MERRA-2 model sea ice representation. Differences between experiments and reanalyses suggest the available observations apply a significant constraint on reanalysis mean temperatures.
Evaluating the Intellect of Blind Children
Authors: Gilbert Jeanne G. , Rubin Edmund J. 
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the adequacy of the WISC and the Hayes-Binet as measures of the intelligence of blind children. Thirty subjects, most of whom were in a residential school for the blind, were given both of these tests and the results compared. The mean scores on the two tests were at the borderline level, but there was considerable variation. The correlation between the two tests was 90, and the difference found in the means was not reliable. The test-retest correlation of twenty WISC cases was .91, and again, the difference between the two means was not reliable. Analysis of the sub-test scores of the WISC shows the Digit Span score to be reliably superior to all other scores on the WISC. It is thought that this elevation of the Digit Span score sometimes might so raise the IQ as to give an inaccurate picture of the actual mental ability of the blind child. It would appear that because of the similar results yielded by these two tests, the fact that the WISC is shorter, easier to give, and less tiring to the blind child, makes it desirable to use in place of the Hayes-Binet in many instances. However, if the WISC is used it would be well to supplement it with a test of meaningful verbal memory so that some appraisal can be made of the child's learning ability. A new test of general intelligence standardized on blind children is greatly needed. It would be advisable to pattern this after the WISC, but to modify the Comprehension and Similarities tests along lines more suitable for blind children and to include a test of verbal reasoning and one of meaningful verbal memory.
Surgical Treatment and Outcomes for Sinonasal and Skull Base Phosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumors
Authors: Tang Ru , Mao Song , Lin Hai , Ye Hai‐Bo , Li Da‐Wei , Chen Zheng‐Nong , Su Kai‐Ming , Zhang Wei‐Tian 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveTo describe our clinical experience with surgical treatments for sinonasal phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors diagnosed at our institution.Study DesignRetrospective case series.SettingAffiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University.Subjects and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 10 patients diagnosed with phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors associated with tumor‐induced osteomalacia between December 2014 and October 2019.ResultsThere were 4 men and 6 women with a disease course of 1 to 19 years. All patients exhibited hypophosphatemia and tumor‐induced osteomalacia. The tumor was located in the sinonasal region, frontal bone, and temporal bone in 8 patients, 1 patient, and 1 patient, respectively. Technetium‐99m octreotide scintigraphy was used for tumor localization in 4 cases. Six patients underwent endoscopic resection; the remaining 4 underwent unilateral transorbital anterior and posterior ethmoid artery ligation + endoscopic resection, endoscopic resection + skull base repair, internal carotid artery stenting + transcatheter arterial embolization + temporal bone tumor excision + adipose tissue plugging, and endoscopic resection + transfrontal craniotomy (n = 1 each). Two patients had a history of incomplete endoscopic resection. All patients achieved clinical remission and normalized biochemical indices after surgery. Only 1 patient developed recurrence and died of a brain hernia.ConclusionsA diagnosis of sinonasal phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors should be based on a combination of clinical, imaging, and pathological findings. Technetium‐99m octreotide scintigraphy helps in locating the tumor. Complete surgical excision guarantees clinical remission, and preoperative transcatheter arterial embolization or feeding artery ligation may reduce intraoperative bleeding in cases of highly vascularized tumors.
Cognitive and Quality of Life‐Related Burdens of Illness in Pediatric Allergic Airway Disease
Authors: Yamasaki Alisa , Burks Ciersten A. , Bhattacharyya Neil 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveTo analyze the prevalence of pediatric allergic airway disease (PAA) and recognize its impact on cognitive function, childhood activities, use of early intervention, and missed school days.Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis of National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), 2014 to 2017.SettingUS households.Subjects and MethodsAn NHIS survey of US children and responding caregivers was analyzed to determine the prevalence of PAA, including allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma. Associations were determined between the presence of PAA and activities limited by difficulty remembering, limitation in the amount of childhood play, use of special education/early intervention, and number of missed school days in the past 12 months. Multivariate analysis was used to adjust for age, sex, race, ethnicity, and income level.ResultsAn estimated 11.1 million (10.6‐11.6 million, 95% confidence interval) children (mean age, 9.9 years; 56.9% male) reported a diagnosis of PAA (15.1% [14.6‐15.6%]). Children with PAA missed 4.0 (3.7‐4.4) school days per year vs 2.2 (2.1‐2.4) days for those without PAA (P <. 001, adjusted). PAA was associated with limited daily activities due to difficulty with memory (odds ratio, 1.8 [1.2‐2.9]), limitations in childhood play (3.2 [2.2‐4.7]), and need for special education/early intervention services (1.6 [1.4‐1.8]) after adjusting for age, sex, race, ethnicity, and income level.ConclusionPAA is a common condition and is associated with declines in cognitive function and school attendance as well as increased use of special education/early intervention. Given the significant prevalence and burden of illness of PAA, further attention is needed to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment.
Knowledge Gaps among Patients and Providers in HPV‐Related Oropharyngeal Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Parsel Sean M. , Barton Blair M. , Beatty Sydney , Friedlander Paul L. 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveTo describe the level of knowledge of human papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV‐associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) among the general population and health care providers.Data SourcesSystematic search was performed on December 20, 2018, using MEDLINE (1966 to December 2018), EMBASE (1975 to December 2018), Web of Science (1900 to December 2018), and CENTRAL (1996 to December 2018) databases. English‐language literature involving human subjects was used, and studies were limited to case series, case‐control, cohort, and randomized controlled trial designs.Review MethodsStudies were included if they assessed knowledge of HPV and HPV‐associated OPSCC. The primary outcome measure was the knowledge of HPV‐associated OPSCC among the general population and with health care providers. Meta‐analysis of proportions was attempted using random‐effects model. The PRISMA guidelines were used for accuracy of reporting.ResultsThirty‐two studies were included with 17,288 participants. There was a high degree of heterogeneity preventing completion of a meta‐analysis. Knowledge of HPV and HPV‐associated OPSCC varied between the general population and health care providers. The proportion of the general population and health care providers with knowledge of HPV ranged from 16% to 75% and 21% to 84%, respectively. Knowledge of HPV‐associated OPSCC was greater in health care providers and ranged from 22% to 100% compared with the general population, which ranged from 7% to 57%.ConclusionThere is a knowledge gap of HPV‐associated OPSCC for both the general population and health care providers. Additional education may not only increase awareness but may also result in prevention and earlier detection.
Does Exposure to the Choose Water Campaign Increase Parental Intentions to Promote More Water and Less Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption?
Authors: Caldwell Julia I. , Robles Brenda , Tyree Rachel , Fraser Renee White , Dumke Kelly A. , Kuo Tony 
Published: March 2020

Purpose: To assess if exposure to the Choose Water public health media campaign increased parents’ intentions to promote healthier beverage consumption in their household. Design: A cross-sectional evaluation administered post-campaign. Setting: A 2017 internet panel survey in Los Angeles County, California. Participants: The survey included 499 parents of young children. Intervention: The Choose Water media campaign included digital media and out-of-home advertisements (eg, transit shelters, interiors of buses) in both English and Spanish. Measures: Dichotomous outcome variables were parental intentions to give child(ren) (1) more water and (2) less sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in their households. The independent variable was campaign exposure, categorized as no exposure, exposed but did not discuss visual, and exposed and discussed visual with someone. Analysis: Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable logistic regressions. Results: Among those who were exposed and discussed a campaign visual, the adjusted odds of intending to promote water consumption were 2.82 times greater than for those who reported no exposure (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.46-5.46). Similar odds to promote less sugar-sweetened beverage consumption were observed for those who were exposed and discussed a campaign visual (adjusted odds ratio: 3.27, 95% CI: 1.76-6.08). Those with the lowest educational attainment discussed the visual(s) less (10.5%). Conclusion: Word of mouth may enhance health messaging by allowing time for intended audiences to process campaign content within their interpersonal network.
The Association Between an Antecedent of Transient Ischemic Attack Prior to Onset of Stroke and Functional Ambulatory Outcome
Authors: Poupore Nicolas , Strat Dan , Mackey Tristan , Nathaniel Thomas I. 
Published: March 2020

Background: Specific clinical risk factors linked to transient ischemic attack (TIA) could affect functional ambulatory outcome following thrombolytic therapy in patients having ischemic stroke with a prior TIA (TIA-ischemic stroke). This issue was investigated in this study. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 6379 ischemic stroke patients of which 1387 presented with an antecedent TIA prior to onset of stroke. We used logistic regression model to identify demographic and clinical risk factors that are associated with functional ambulatory outcome in patients with TIA-ischemic stroke treated with thrombolytic therapy. Results: In a population of TIA-ischemic stroke who received recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, patients with a history of stroke (odds ratio [OR] = 3.229, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.494-6.98, P = .003) were associated with increasing odds of improvement in functional ambulation, while the female gender (OR = 0.462, 95% CI = 0.223-0.956, P = .037) was associated with reducing odds of improvement. In the non-TIA group, dyslipidemia (OR = 1.351, 95% CI = 1.026-1.781, P = .032) and blood glucose (OR = 1.003, 95% CI = 1.0-1.005, P = .041) were associated with the increasing odds of improvement while older patients (OR = 0.989, 95% CI = 0.98-0.999, P = .029) with heart failure (OR = 0.513, 95% CI = 0.326-0.808, P = .004) and higher lipid level (OR = 0.834, 95% CI = 0.728-0.955, P = .009) were associated with reducing odds of improvement in ambulation. Conclusion: In a population of TIA-ischemic stroke with thrombolytic therapy and a clearly defined TIA without focal ischemic injury, regardless of associated clinical risk factors, a TIA prior to a stroke is not associated with reducing odds of improved ambulatory outcome, except in female patients with TIA-ischemic stroke.
A Comparison of Endovascular Versus Open Repair of Popliteal Artery Aneurysms: An Updated Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tian Yu , Yuan Biao , Huang Zhiyong , Zhang Ning 
Published: March 2020

Objective: Traditionally, popliteal artery aneurysms (PPAs) were treated via open repair (OR). However, more recently endovascular repair (EVR) approaches have become more common for the treatment of PPAs. The present meta-analysis therefore sought to conduct an up-to-date review of studies comparing the relative safety and efficacy of these 2 repair strategies. To that end, patient outcomes including primary patency, operating time, hospital stay duration, and re-intervention, amputation, and graft occlusion within 30 days were compared for these OR and EVR approaches. Methods: Studies in which OR and EVR were compared as treatments for PPAs were identified through systematic searching of the PubMed and Embase databases. Any studies either analyzing only one of these treatments in isolation or analyzing <5 patients were not included in this analysis. For all relevant studies, patient demographic information and outcome details were compiled. Risk of bias was analyzed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The odds ratios, mean differences, and hazard ratios (HRs) for patient outcomes were estimated using a random-effects model. Results: In total, we identified 17 relevant studies including a single randomized controlled trial and 16 retrospective cohort studies, incorporating 6887 total cases (1662 EVR and 5225 OR). The quality of evidence for all measured outcomes was deemed to be very low or low according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. Rates of primary patency were found to be significantly higher for patients treated via OR relative to those treated via EVR (HR = 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-2.30; P = .03). Operative and hospitalization durations, in contrast, were significantly lower for patients treated via EVR. Patients treated via EVR also experienced significantly higher rates of graft thrombosis and reintervention within 30 days relative to patients treated via OR. However, no significant differences were observed between treatments with respect to rates of patient amputation (OR = 1.01; 95% CI: 0.55-1.85; P = .98). Conclusions: The available data suggest that PPA repair via EVR is a safe alternative to OR, but that short-term graft thrombosis and reintervention rates are significantly greater for the former approach. Moreover, few studies to date have compared these techniques and those that were largely retrospective in nature with relatively low-quality evidence, making it difficult to make definitive statements regarding the relative safety and efficacy of these 2 repair strategies. Additional population-based large-scale studies are therefore essential in order to conduct a robust evaluation of the safety and utility of EVR as an alternative to OR for PPA repair.
Quality of Life of Latino and Non-Latino Youth With Sickle Cell Disease as Reported by Parents and Youth
Authors: Osborne Jennel C. , Green Nancy S. , Smaldone Arlene M. 
Published: March 2020

Introduction Approximately 10% to 15% of people affected by sickle cell disease (SCD) in the United States are Latino, many of whom are primary Spanish speakers. A key tool for self-reported outcome measures, the Pediatric QOL Inventory (PedsQL) SCD module, was not available in Spanish. Here, we assess the linguistic validity of a Spanish translation and compare perception of disease-specific and generic quality of life (QOL) in a sample of Latino and non-Latino children with SCD and their parents. Method Following forward and backward translation, Spanish-speaking child–parent dyads linguistically validated the translated instruments. Disease-specific and generic QOL perception of 28 child–parent dyads who participated in a clinical feasibility trial, HABIT (Hydroxyurea Adherence for Personal Best in Sickle Cell Disease), were compared by ethnicity. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Mann–Whitney U test, absolute score differences, and minimal clinically important differences (MCID). Results The translated questionnaire required no further language changes. QOL scores were higher for Latino children and parents compared with non-Latinos, with score differences exceeding MCIDs for total scores and the majority of subscale scores. Conclusion Spanish language PedsQL SCD instruments allow measurement of QOL in Spanish-speaking Latino children with SCD and their parents. Score differences for Latinos mostly exceeded MCIDs, suggesting that these differences are clinically meaningful. Confirmation of these findings is warranted.
Do thrombolysis outcomes differ between anterior circulation stroke and posterior circulation stroke? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Sang-Hun , Han Jung Hoon , Jung Ileok , Jung Jin-Man 
Published: March 2020

Background It remains unclear whether thrombolysis outcomes can be influenced by the affected vascular territory (i.e. anterior circulation stroke vs. posterior circulation stroke) in stroke patients owing to the lack of randomized controlled trials. Aims Using multiple comprehensive databases, we searched for observational studies of the safety and efficacy of intravenous thrombolytics and intra-arterial treatment with or without intravenous thrombolytics in accordance with the affected vascular territory. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. We evaluated symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, all-type intracerebral hemorrhage, mortality, and functional outcomes at three months. The recanalization rate was assessed in the intra-arterial treatment group. Summary of review Twenty-one studies including a report from our own stroke registry were included through quantitative synthesis. Compared with the anterior circulation stroke group, the posterior circulation stroke group had a lower risk of ICH, including symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage and all-type intracerebral hemorrhage, after intravenous thrombolytics and tended to have favorable functional outcomes at three months. Mortality was similar between the two groups. Regarding intra-arterial treatment, the symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage and post-procedural recanalization rates were comparable between the two groups, although the posterior circulation stroke group had a higher mortality risk and lower tendency for a favorable functional outcome. Conclusions Safety and efficacy of thrombolysis in posterior circulation stroke depends on involvement of large vessel occlusion and reperfusion modality such that intravenous thrombolytics is more effective and safer than in anterior circulation stroke; the safety and efficacy of intra-arterial treatment is comparable or lower than anterior circulation stroke. Considering the limitations of our meta-analysis, further studies are needed to provide high level evidence of a beneficial effect of intra-arterial treatment, and to identify patients’ profiles associated with benefit of treatment.
Trends and impact of three-dimensional preoperative imaging for anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Cancienne Jourdan M , Dempsey Ian J , Garrigues Grant E , Cole Brian J , Brockmeier Stephen F , Werner Brian C 
Published: March 2020

Background The goals of this study were to determine the incidence in the United States of preoperative three-dimensional imaging prior to anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty for osteoarthritis and to determine if preoperative imaging is associated with decreased complication rates. Methods Using a Medicare insurance database, we identified all patients who underwent computed tomography (n = 9380) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (n = 15,653) prior to anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty for a diagnosis of osteoarthritis from 2005 to 2014. The incidence of imaging over time was analyzed and complication rates compared between patients with imaging to matched controls. Results The incidence of preoperative three-dimensional imaging significantly increased over time, with computed tomography increasing more than magnetic resonance imaging. Compared to controls, patients with preoperative computed tomography imaging had significantly lower revision rates at two years (odds ratio 0.72 (0.64–0.82), p = 0.008). There were no other significant differences in the other complications studied. Conclusions The use of preoperative three-dimensional imaging for anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty for a diagnosis of osteoarthritis has increased dramatically, with the use of computed tomography increasing the most. Patients who underwent preoperative computed tomography imaging experienced lower revision rates at two years postoperatively compared to matched controls without such imaging. Level of evidence Level III, retrospective comparative study.