bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A spatial model of the plant circadian clock reveals design principles for coordinated timing under noisy environments
Authors: Greenwood Mark , Tokuda Isao T. , Locke James C.W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIndividual plant cells possess a genetic network, the circadian clock, that times internal processes to the day-night cycle. Mathematical models of the clock network have driven a mechanistic understanding of the clock in plants. However, these models are typically either ‘whole plant’ models that ignore tissue or cell type specific clock behavior, or ‘phase only’ models that do not include clock network components explicitly. It is increasingly clear that in order to reveal the design principles of the plant circadian clock, clock network models must address spatial differences. This is because complex spatial behaviours have been observed in tissues and cells in plants, including period and phase differences between cells and spatial waves of gene expression between organs. Here, we implement an up to date clock network model on a spatial template of the plant. In our model, the sensitivity to light inputs varies across the plant, and cells communicate their clock timing locally via the levels of core clock mRNA levels by cell-to-cell coupling. We found that differences in sensitivities to environmental input in the model can explain the experimentally observed differences in clock periods in different organs, and we show using the model that a plausible coupling mechanism can generate the experimentally observed waves in clock gene expression across the plant. We then examined what features of the plant circadian system allow it to keep time under noisy light-dark (LD) cycles. We found that differences in sensitivity to light can allow regional flexibility in phase even under LD cycles, whilst local cell-to-cell coupling minimized variability in clock rhythms in neighboring cells. Thus, local sensitivity to environmental inputs combined with cell-to-cell coupling allows for flexible yet robust circadian timing under noisy environments.
Intrinsic spectrally-dependent background in spectroscopic visible-light optical coherence tomography
Authors: Rubinoff Ian , Kuranov Roman V. , Zhang Hao F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVisible-light optical coherence tomography (vis-OCT) enabled new spectroscopic applications, such as retinal oximetry, as a result of increased optical absorption and scattering contacts in biological tissue and improved axial resolution. Besides extracting tissue properties from back-scattered light, spectroscopic analyses must consider spectral alterations induced by image reconstruction itself. We investigated an intrinsic spectral bias in the background noise floor, which is hereby referred to as the spectrally-dependent background (SDBG). We developed an analytical model to predict the SDBG-induced bias and validated this model using numerically simulated and experimentally acquired data. We found that SDBG systemically altered the measured spectra of blood in human retinal vessels in vis-OCT, as compared to literature data. We provided solutions to quantify and compensate for SDBG in retinal oximetry. This work is particularly significant for clinical applications of vis-OCT.
Tripartite holobiont system in a vent snail broadens the concept of chemosymbiosis
Authors: Yang Yi , Sun Jin , Chen Chong , Zhou Yadong , Lan Yi , Van Dover Cindy Lee , Wang Chunsheng , Qiu Jian-Wen , Qian Pei-Yuan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMany animals inhabiting deep-sea vents are energetically dependent on chemosynthetic endosymbionts, but how such symbiont community interacts with host, and whether other nutritional sources are available to such animals remain unclear. To reveal the genomic basis of symbiosis in the vent snailAlviniconcha marisindica, we sequenced high-quality genomes of the host and gill campylobacterial endosymbionts, as well as metagenome of the gut microbiome. The gill endosymbiont has a streamlined genome for efficient chemoautotrophy, but also shows metabolic heterogeneity among populations. Inter- and intra-host variabilities among endosymbiont populations indicate the host poses low selection on gill endosymbionts. Virulence factors and genomic plasticity of the endosymbiont provide advantages for cooperating with host immunity to maintain mutualism and thriving in changing environments. In addition to endosymbiosis, the gut and its microbiome expand the holobiont’s utilisation of energy sources. Host-microbiota mutualism contributes to a highly flexible holobiont that can excel in various extreme environments.
Semiconducting bacterial biofilm based on graphene-MoS2 template and component dependent gating behavior
Authors: Ray Sanhita , Das Arpita , Dasgupta Anjan Kr 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we report for the first time, the synthesis of a semiconducting biofilm. Photosynthetic bacterial biofilm has been used to weave together MoS2 nanosheets into an adherent film grown on interdigitated electrodes. Liquid-phase exfoliation of bulk MoS2 powder was used to obtain MoS2 nanosheets. A synchronous-fluorescence scan revealed the presence of two emission maxima at 682nm and 715nm for the MoS2 suspension. Such maxima with bandgap energy 1.82 and 1.73 eV corresponded to the single and double layer of MoS2. The presence of such single and multi-layered structures was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy, FTIR studies, and electron microscopy. The current-voltage (I-V) studies of such a bio-nano hybrid revealed the emergence of the gated nature of the current flow. This Schottky diode like behavior, reported earlier for Graphene-biofilm junctions, is also observed in this case. Gating voltage depended on the composition of the biofilm. The semiconductor biofilms, when studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, revealed characteristic Nyquist and Bode plots, suggesting special circuit-equivalence for each film. While Mos2 was marked with stability with respect to variations in RMS voltage and bias voltage, the graphene biofilm was unique by the absence of any Warburg element.
Mpl is activated by dimers of MPN-linked calreticulin mutants stabilized by disulfide bonds and ionic interactions
Authors: Venkatesan Arunkumar , Geng Jie , Kandarpa Malathi , Wijeyesakere Sanjeeva Joseph , Bhide Ashwini , Talpaz Moshe , Pogozheva Irina D. , Raghavan Malini 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMyeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are frequently driven by insertions and deletions within the gene encoding calreticulin (CRT). CRTDel52and CRTIns5are recurrent mutations. Although oncogenic transformation requires both mutated CRT and the myeloproliferative leukemia protein (Mpl), the molecular mechanism of CRT-mediated constitutive activation of Mpl is unknown. Our studies reveal that the novel C-domain of CRTDel52encodes specificity both for Mpl binding and for disulfide-mediated CRT dimerization. Disulfide-stabilized CRTDel52dimers and multimers are observed in MPN patient-derived platelet lysates and in transfected mammalian cells. Cysteine mutations within both the novel C-domain (C400A and C404A) and the conserved N-domain (C163A) of CRTDel52are required to reduce disulfide-mediated dimers and multimers of CRTDel52. Based on these data and published structures of crystalized CRT oligomers, we tested the relevance of ionic interactions between charged residues proximal to C163 at the N-domain dimerization interface. Charge alteration at these residues affected dimerization and multimerization of both wild type and CRTDel52. Elimination of intermolecular disulfides and disruption of ionic interactions at both proposed dimerization interfaces was required to abrogate the ability of CRTDel52to induce cytokine-independent cell proliferation via Mpl. Based on these findings, we propose a structural model of the Mpl-activating CRTDel52unit as a covalently-linked dimer that is stabilized by disulfides and ionic interactions at both the C-domain and N-domain. MPNs exploit a natural dimerization interface of CRT combined with C-domain gain-of-functions to achieve cell transformation.
The consumption of live music in different languages: a quantitative approach
Authors: Spanu Michael , Sommet Nicolas , Seca Jean-Marie 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThe consumption of music performed in different languages represents a significant aspect of the contemporary cultural experience. This phenomenon questions how different languages mediate music consumption in specific national contexts. In this paper, the authors investigate the case of live music consumption in France.Design/methodology/approachThe authors surveyed 428 persons who saw 159 artists either performing in French or in English in 46 locations around Paris, France. The authors tested the effect of the language of the concert on three dimensions of music consumption: singing in unison, appraisal of the lyrics and dancing.FindingsMultilevel analysis revealed that English was positively associated with dancing, whereas French was positively associated with the appraisal of the lyrics. The authors found no evidence that the language of the concert was associated with differences in singing in unison.Originality/valueResults are discussed with respect to language diversity in the context of globalised popular music consumption.
The Impact of Program Trading on the Short-run and Long-run Volatility of Korean Stock Market
Authors: Hahn Sang Buhm , Oh Seung Hyun 
Published: September 2020

This study investigates the impact of program trading on the market volatility by separating the volatility into long-run and short-run components using VA-CEGARCH model. This approach allows us to observe the two channels through which the program trading affects the market volatility. We have following results. Program trading and non-program trading both have no impact on the long-run component but do increase short-run component. In case of short-run component‘ program trading has a larger impact compared to non-program trading. Secondly, in both daily and intra-day analysis, arbitrage program trading is found to have a larger impact on short-run components than non-arbitrage program trading.
Thirdly, ARCH effects are found in short-run components of daily analysis and long-run components of intra-day analysis. And the volatility’s asymmetric responses to good or bad news are introduced through long-run components. What is noteworthy is the fact that non-arbitrage program trading is actually found to reduce short-run volatility in the intra-day analysis.
Which means that non-arbitrage program trading, such as hedging transactions, helps promote intra-day market stability. Our findings mean that the short-run component is the main channel by which program trading produce unnecessary market volatility.
Stock Return Volatility and Corporate Credit Risk
Authors: Jeong Wan-Ho , Kook Chan-Pyo 
Published: September 2020

In order to reinforce traditional credit indicators such as credit rate or financial ratio, many financial market data; such as the stock prices or their returns are used to evaluate corporate credit risk. Even though many structural models, which are using stock returns and their volatilities, are used to measure credit risk, empirical studies to find out how to measure desirable stock return volatility or which interval data is better for measuring the volatility are not enough.
So, we tried to find out empirical evidences of following two questions. First, whether stock return volatility could be used as a timely indicator for credit events, such as bankruptcy or credit rate change. Second, which measure and which interval data are the best to calculate stock return volatility for credit indicator.
We have reached the following empirical conclusions based on recent Korean stock market data. First, stock return volatility could be useful for early warning of credit events, because the volatility showed meaningful increase before the credit event. Second, 90~150 daily stock return data are useful to measure the volatility. Short-term data, less than 90 days are too sensitive to market circumstances and they easily increase without any credit level change. On the contrary, volatilities based on long-term data, more than 150 days are too smooth to use as a timely credit indicator. Third, in aspect of the measure of volatility, realized volatility which assume the averages of short-term stock returns are ‘zero’ is more efficient than traditional standard deviation.
Those conclusions are based on recent Korean stock market data, so further robustness test should be followed.
Information Transmission between Nighttime Trading and Daytime Trading: Evidence from KOSPI 200 Futures
Authors: Lee Woo-Baik 
Published: September 2020

Trading of KOSPI 200 futures on CME Globex platform, which was launched in November 2009, starts at 18:00 and closes at 05:00 in the next morning. This paper investigates the information transmission between daytime trading of KOSPI 200 futures on KRX and nighttime trading of KOSPI 200 futures on CME Globex by using GARCH (1, 1).
The main findings of this paper are summarized as followings; Firstly, the statistically significant spillover effect from open-to-close returns of KOSPI 200 Futures on Globex to the overnight returns of KOSPI 200 futures on KRX is found but not to the daytime returns. Moreover, I find the spillover effects from daytime returns of KOSPI 200 futures on KRX to close-to-open return and open-to-close return of KOSPI 200 Futures on Globex. Meanwhile, this information transmission between two markets of common underlying asset shows more strongly statistical significance during highly liquid period. Secondly, daytime traders of KOSPI 200 futures on KRX recognize the price of KOSPI 200 futures on CME Globex as more valuable information than volatility of US stock market. Overall empirical evidence suggests that KOSPI 200 futures on CME Globex has leading role in price discovery process of daytime trading of KOSPI 200 futures on KRX despite of immaturity and low liquidity.
A Study on the Price Discovery in Korea Stock Index Markets: KODEX200, KOSPI200, and KOSPI200 Futures
Authors: Kang Seok-Kyu 
Published: September 2020

This paper examines the price discovery process among the Korea stock index markets using the vector error correction model (VECM) and the multivariate generalized auto regressive conditional heteroskedasticity (M-GARCH) model. The minute-by-minute price series of the KOSPI200 index, KOSPI200 futures, and KODEX200 are cointegrated.
The empirical results are summarized as follows: First, VECM estimation results indicate that when the cointegrating relationship is perturbed by the arrival of ntis, the KODEX200(ETF) does not adjusted to restore equilibrium. This is the task of the KOSPI200 futures and spot. These two index securities use the KODEX200 to represent the ntioequilibrium price, with the KOSPI200 futures responding faster than the KOSPI200 spot. When the cointegrating relationship betweeiesOSPI200 spot and futues is perturbed by the arrival of ntis, the KOSPI200 spot does adjusted to restore equilibrium. Next, the results from the multivariate GARCH modes indicate that the volatilities of esOSPI200 spot and futures markets suggest unidirectiona1volatility spillover from KOSPI200 futures to KOSPI200 spot. KODEX200(ETF) volatilities spill over bothesOSPI200 spot and futures markets. and this happen in the reverse direction with a strong effect from the KODEX200 to KOSP200 futures and spot.
The overall findings indicate that the KODEX200(ETF) market dominates KOSPI200 futures and spot in the price discovery process. The regulation of Instutional traders on trading on futures markets explains its superior price discovery function.
Modelling the synergy between fiscal incentives and foreign direct investment in Ghana
Authors: Abille Adamu Braimah , Mpuure Desmond Mbe-Nyire , Wuni Ibrahim Yahaya , Dadzie Peter 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThe purpose of the paper was to investigate the role of fiscal incentives in driving foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows into the Ghanaian economy based on data from 1975 to 2017 with the Eclectic paradigm as the theoretical basis. FDI inflows was the dependent variable whiles trade openness, corporate tax rate, exchange rate and market size were the independent variables with corporate tax rate as the main explanatory variable of interest.Design/methodology/approachThe autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test technique was employed to investigate Cointegration in the model. The results showed the presence of cointegration among the variables.FindingsThe results revealed that corporate tax rates have a significant negative impact on FDI inflows into the Ghanaian economy in the long run and significant positive impact on FDI inflows in the short run. In the context of Ghana, the positive short-run relationship observed is attributed to the lag effect of tax policy on FDI inflows.Research limitations/implicationsOne obvious limitation of the research is that, it does not identify the specific foreign businesses that are more deserving of a low corporate rate and to what extent can that boost FDI inflows in Ghana. Another limitation is that the data analyzed in the paper is exclusively for Ghana and the findings may not be generalized for other countries.Practical implicationsBased on the research findings, it is recommended that the Ghana Revenue Service (GRA) restructures the corporate tax regime in the country to deal with the policy lapses. It is also recommended that low corporate rates should be maintained especially in respect of foreign companies that are into the production of goods and services for which indigenous companies in Ghana have a comparative disadvantage in order to drive FDI into the Ghanaian economy.Originality/valueThis paper is unique for providing up to date and dynamic insights into the tax incentive and FDI nexus in the Ghanaian context.
Vascular amyloid accumulation alters the gabaergic synapse and induces hyperactivity in a model of cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Authors: Cisternas Pablo , Taylor Xavier , Perkins Abigail , Maldonado Orlando , Allman Elysabeth , Cordova Ricardo , Marambio Yamil , Munoz Braulio , Pennington Taylor , Xiang Shunian , Zhang Jie , Vidal Ruben , Atwood Brady , Lasagna‐Reeves Cristian A. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTCerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is typified by the cerebrovascular deposition of amyloid. The mechanisms underlying the contribution of CAA to neurodegeneration are not currently understood. Although CAA is highly associated with the accumulation of β‐amyloid (Aβ), other amyloids are known to associate with the vasculature. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by parenchymal Aβ deposition and intracellular accumulation of tau as neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), affecting synapses directly, leading to behavioral and physical impairment. CAA increases with age and is present in 70%–97% of individuals with AD. Studies have overwhelmingly focused on the connection between parenchymal amyloid accumulation and synaptotoxicity; thus, the contribution of vascular amyloid is mostly understudied. Here, synaptic alterations induced by vascular amyloid accumulation and their behavioral consequences were characterized using a mouse model of Familial Danish dementia (FDD), a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of Danish amyloid (ADan) in the vasculature. The mouse model (Tg‐FDD) displays a hyperactive phenotype that potentially arises from impairment in the GABAergic synapses, as determined by electrophysiological analysis. We demonstrated that the disruption of GABAergic synapse organization causes this impairment and provided evidence that GABAergic synapses are impaired in patients with CAA pathology. Understanding the mechanism that CAA contributes to synaptic dysfunction in AD‐related dementias is of critical importance for developing future therapeutic interventions.
Clinical manifestations and maternal and perinatal outcomes with COVID‐19
Authors: Li Wei , Yu Nan , Kang Qingling , Zeng Wanjiang , Deng Dongrui , Chen Suhua , Feng Ling , Wu Jianli 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a novel type of highly contagious pneumonia caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). As the COVID‐19 outbreak unfolds, more and more pregnant women are infected with SARS‐CoV‐2, concerns have been raised about its clinical manifestations in pregnancy and the potential risk of vertical transmission from mother to fetus in pregnant women. Hence, in this review, we summarize the latest research progress related to COVID‐19 epidemiology and the reported data of pregnant women with COVID‐19 and discuss the clinical manifestations, treatments, maternal and perinatal outcomes, and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of such virus. Reported data suggest that symptoms in pregnant women are similar to those in other populations and that there is no evidence of vertical transmission from mother to child. In the meantime, considering the good prognosis of most of the infected mothers and infants and absence of serious obstetric complications in pregnant women with COVID‐19, it is not recommended to give birth as soon as possible, and it is necessary to extend the gestational period reasonably.
Biomarkers for diagnosis and prediction of therapy responses in allergic diseases and asthma
Authors: Breiteneder Heimo , Peng Ya‐Qi , Agache Ioana , Diamant Zuzana , Eiwegger Thomas , Fokkens Wytske J. , Traidl‐Hoffmann Claudia , Nadeau Kari , O'Hehir Robyn E. , O'Mahony Liam , Pfaar Oliver , Torres Maria J. , Wang De‐Yun , Zhang Luo , Akdis Cezmi A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractModern health care requires a proactive and individualized response to diseases, combining precision diagnosis and personalized treatment. Accordingly, the approach to patients with allergic diseases encompasses novel developments in the area of personalized medicine, disease phenotyping and endotyping, and the development and application of reliable biomarkers. A detailed clinical history and physical examination followed by the detection of IgE immunoreactivity against specific allergens still represents the state of the art. However, nowadays, further emphasis focuses on the optimization of diagnostic and therapeutic standards and a large number of studies have been investigating the biomarkers of allergic diseases, including asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, food allergy, urticaria and anaphylaxis. Various biomarkers have been developed by omics technologies, some of which lead to a better classification of distinct phenotypes or endotypes. The introduction of biologicals to clinical practice increases the need for biomarkers for patient selection, prediction of outcomes and monitoring, to allow for an adequate choice of the duration of these costly and long‐lasting therapies. Escalating healthcare costs together with questions about the efficacy of the current management of allergic diseases require further development of a biomarker‐driven approach. Here, we review biomarkers in diagnosis and treatment of asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, viral infections, chronic rhinosinusitis, food allergy, drug hypersensitivity and allergen immunotherapy with a special emphasis on specific IgE, the microbiome and the epithelial barrier. In addition, EAACI guidelines on biologicals are discussed within the perspective of biomarkers.
Letter: effectiveness of ustekinumab or vedolizumab in Crohn's disease following anti‐TNF failure—getting closer to the truth?
Authors: Liu Kecheng , Cai Fuqing , Huang Jiean 
Published: September 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Biemans et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15745 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16062