bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PCDHGA9 represses epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastatic potential in gastric cancer cells by reducing β-catenin transcriptional activity
Authors: Weng Junyong , Li Shanbao , lin Hao , Mei Haitao , Liu Yang , Xiao Chao , Zhu Zhonglin , Cai Weiwei , Ding Xusheng , Mi Yushuai , Wen Yugang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) has a high mortality rate, and metastasis is the main reason for treatment failure. It is important to study the mechanism of tumour invasion and metastasis based on the regulation of key genes. In a previous study comparing the expression differences between GES-1 and SGC-7901 cells, PCDHGA9 was selected for further research. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that PCDHGA9 inhibited invasion and metastasis. A cluster analysis suggested that PCDHGA9 inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through the Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β pathways. Laser confocal techniques and western blotting revealed that PCDHGA9 inhibited the nuclear translocation of β-catenin, regulated T cell factor (TCF)/ /lymphoid enhancer factor (LEF) transcriptional activity, directly impacted the signal transmission of the TGF-β/Smad2/3 pathway, strengthened the adhesion complex, weakened the effects of TGF-β, and blocked the activation of the Wnt pathway. In addition, PCDHGA9 expression was regulated by methylation, which was closely related to poor clinical prognosis. The aim of this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which PCDHGA9 inhibits EMT and metastasis in GC to provide a new theoretical basis for identifying GC metastasis and a new target for improving the outcome of metastatic GC.
Abnormal left ventricular global strain during exercise-test in young healthy smokers
Authors: Mandraffino Giuseppe , Imbalzano Egidio , Lo Gullo Alberto , Zito Concetta , Morace Carmela , Cinquegrani Maria , Savarino Francesca , Oreto Lilia , Giuffrida Clemente , Carerj Scipione , Squadrito Giovanni 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground. It is unknown how much precociously the cigarette smoking (CS) may compromise the integrity of the cardiovascular (CV) system. Myocardial function can be routinely assessed by conventional echocardiography, but abnormalities are only detected when somewhat a remodelling has already occurred. These limitations could be overcome by strain imaging. Methods. We evaluated whether young smokers with normal left ventricular (LV) geometry, wall motion and ejection fraction may present abnormalities in myocardial deformation, both at rest and during physical effort. We selected 50 young smokers with no additional CV risk factors, and 60 non-smokers to undergo a standardized exercise-test. Consistently, we evaluated the CV adaptation to exercise by both conventional echocardiography and speckle-tracking analysis (2D-STE). Results. We found no difference between smokers and controls regarding baseline characteristics; as expected, smokers presented with lower HDL-cholesterol (p < 0.005), and higher fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (p < 0.001). Conventional echocardiography parameters were not different between groups, while we detected a different behaviour of global longitudinal strain (GLS), global circumferential strain (GCS) and twist by 2D-STE during exercise-test. Indeed, GLS, GCS and twist behaved differently during exercise test in smokers with respect to controls. We found an association between CS, inflammation and LV mechanics changes uncovered by physical effort, and regression analysis confirmed that the intensity of the exposure to cigarette smoking, together with the inflammatory status (CRP, fibrinogen and Il-6) plasma levels, drive this impairment. Conclusions. We confirm strain imaging (2D-STE) as a very useful tool to identify early changes in cardiac mechanics, as adaptation to exercise; our findings may reflect a very precocious functional abnormality in active smokers, likely long before structural damage occurs.
Transcriptome Profile of Nicotinic Receptor-Linked Sensitization of Beta Amyloid Neurotoxicity
Authors: Arora Komal , Belcaid Mahdi , Lantz Megan J. , Taketa Ruth , Nichols Robert A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the specific gene changes underlying the prodromic stages of Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis will aid the development of new, targeted therapeutic strategies for this neurodegenerative disorder. Here, we employed RNA-sequencing to analyze global differential gene expression in a defined model nerve cell line expressing α4β2 nicotinic receptors (nAChRs), high-affinity targets for beta amyloid (Aβ). The nAChR-expressing neuronal cells were treated with nanomolar Aβ1–42 to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in the presence of this sensitizing target receptor. We identified 15 genes (out of 15,336) that were differentially expressed upon receptor-linked Aβ treatment. Genes up-regulated with Aβ treatment were associated with calcium signaling and axonal vesicle transport (including the α4 nAChR subunit, the calcineurin regulator RCAN3, and KIF1C of the kinesin family). Downregulated genes were associated with metabolic, apoptotic or DNA repair pathways (including APBA3, PARP1 and RAB11). Validation of the differential expression was performed via qRT-PCR and immunoblot analysis in the defined model nerve cell line and primary mouse neurons. Further verification was performed using immunocytochemistry. In conclusion, we identified apparent changes in gene expression on Aβ treatment in the presence of the sensitizing nAChRs, linked to early-stage Aβ-induced neurotoxicity, which may represent novel therapeutic targets.
Prognostic value of seminal vesicle invasion on preoperative multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging in pathological stage T3b prostate cancer
Authors: Kim Jung Kwon , Lee Hak Jong , Hwang Sung Il , Choe Gheeyoung , Hong Sung Kyu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) on preoperative multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) in pathological T3b prostate cancer (PCa). We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of patients who underwent preoperative mpMRI and subsequent radical prostatectomy (RP). A total of 159 patients with pathologic T3b PCa were stratified into two groups based on mpMRI findings (negative vs. positive SVI). A positive SVI was defined as the presence of mpMRI evidence of SVI. In addition, 290 patients with pathologic T3a were also included in this study for further comparative analysis. Fifty-two patients (32.7%) had a positive SVI on preoperative mpMRI. Biochemical recurrence (BCR) occurred in a total of 45 (28.3%) patients, with 25 (23.4%) cases in the negative SVI group and 20 (38.5%) cases in the positive SVI group. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of the two groups revealed significantly decreased BCR-free survival in the positive SVI group (median, 21 vs. 9 months, log-rank test, P < 0.001). On multivariate Cox regression analysis, pre-biopsy PSA (P = 0.035) and positive SVI on preoperative mpMRI (P = 0.049) were identified as significant predictors of BCR. Upon further comparative analysis with the pathologic T3a group, we also found significant differences among the groups throughout the Kaplan-Meier curve (P < 0.001). Conclusively, the unpredicted (negative) SVI group had a favorable BCR-free survival compared to the positive SVI group. In addition, significant differences were observed in the prognosis of pathologic T3a and these two groups. This suggests that pathologic T3b can be stratified into two categories.
AT 2019abn: multi-wavelength observations over the first 200 days
Authors: Williams S. C. , Jones D. , Pessev P. , Geier S. , Corradi R. L. M. , Hook I. M. , Darnley M. J. , Pejcha O. , Núñez A. , Meingast S. , Moran S. 
Published: March 2020

Context. AT 2019abn was discovered in the nearby M51 galaxy by the Zwicky Transient Facility at more than two magnitudes and around three weeks prior to its optical peak.
Aims. We aim to conduct a detailed photometric and spectroscopic follow-up campaign for AT 2019abn, with early discovery allowing for significant pre-maximum observations of an intermediate luminosity red transient (ILRT) for the first time.
Methods. This work is based on the analysis of u′BVr′i′z′H photometry and low-resolution spectroscopy using the Liverpool Telescope, medium-resolution spectroscopy with the Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC), and near-infrared imaging with the GTC and the Nordic Optical Telescope.
Results. We present the most detailed optical light curve of an ILRT to date, with multi-band photometry starting around three weeks before peak brightness. The transient peaked at an observed absolute magnitude of Mr′ = −13.1, although it is subject to significant reddening from dust in M51, implying an intrinsic Mr′ ∼ −15.2. The initial light curve showed a linear, achromatic rise in magnitude before becoming bluer at peak. After peak brightness, the transient gradually cooled. This is reflected in our spectra, which at later times show absorption from such species as Fe I, Ni I and Li I. A spectrum taken around peak brightness shows narrow, low-velocity absorption lines, which we interpret as likely to originate from pre-existing circumstellar material.
Conclusions. We conclude that while there are some peculiarities, such as the radius evolution, AT 2019abn fits in well overall with the ILRT class of objects and is the most luminous member of the class seen to date.
Mate in der Onkologie
Authors: Stoll Günther 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungIn Zeiten weltweiter Vernetzung geraten traditionelle Genussmittel in den Fokus allgemeiner Aufmerksamkeit, die einerseits in indigenen Kulturen seit vielen Jahrhunderten konsumiert werden, andererseits aber auch – teils aufgrund ihrer Inhaltsstoffe, teils durch ihre ritualisierte Einnahme – mit therapeutischen Wirkungen belegt sind. Dazu gehört auch Mate (Ilex paraguariensis), der in Südamerika in großem Ausmaß angepflanzt und v. a. in Form eines speziell bereiteten Aufgusses getrunken wird. Im Beitrag wird die Pflanze, ihre kulturelle Verankerung und die Herstellung und der Konsum des Mate-„Tees“ geschildert. Anhand des Inhaltsstoffspektrums und der vorliegenden präklinischen und klinischen Daten wird die Sinnhaftigkeit der Einbindung von Mate in ein integrativmedizinisches onkologisches Therapieregime diskutiert.
Clinical and Molecular Genetics of Primary
Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Simonds William F. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCalcium homeostasis is maintained by the actions of the parathyroid glands, which
release parathyroid hormone into the systemic circulation as necessary to
maintain the serum calcium concentration within a tight physiologic range.
Excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone from one or more neoplastic
parathyroid glands, however, causes the metabolic disease primary
hyperparathyroidism (HPT) typically associated with hypercalcemia. Although the
majority of cases of HPT are sporadic, it can present in the context of a
familial syndrome. Mutations in the tumor suppressor genes discovered by the
study of such families are now recognized to be pathogenic for many sporadic
parathyroid tumors. Inherited and somatic mutations of proto-oncogenes causing
parathyroid neoplasia are also known. Future investigation of somatic changes in
parathyroid tumor DNA and the study of kindreds with HPT yet lacking germline
mutation in the set of genes known to predispose to HPT represent two avenues
likely to unmask additional novel genes relevant to parathyroid neoplasia.
Functionalised Nitrogen Heterocycles and the Search for New Antibacterials and Bioactives
Authors: Moloney Mark G. , Khan Muhammad Kamran , Wang Dandan 
Published: March 2020

The importance of, and synthetic routes to, pyrrolidines and piperidines, along with their relevance to natural product synthesis and antibacterial drug discovery, are surveyed in the context of an extended programme of investigation from our own laboratories.1	Introduction2	Pyroglutamates2.1	Synthesised by Modification of an Existing Ring2.2	Synthesised by Construction of a New Ring3	Tetramates4	Metal Chelation5	Biological Activity6	Conclusion
Complicated Gestational Diabetes: A Challenge!
Authors: Gokalani Rutul , Amin Vandana , Saboo Banshi , Saiyed M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGestational diabetes is a condition caused by insulin resistance and multiple metabolic abnormalities; the prevalence of gestatinal diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been rising and has almost become parallel to obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, the mechanism and treatment points are still debatable. Hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP) is social instability as woman infertility is associated with it. If timely screened and achieved targeted glycemic control, it gives the desired outcome of pregnancy especially in pregestational diabetes. Support of family and thorough understanding of the disease is crucial in such situations as it requires multidisciplinary management, for example, structured self monitoring blood glucose (SMBG), diet and nutrition, multiple daily insulin injections with dose adjustment, avoiding hypoglycemia, and mental stability.Hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP) as a whole (pregestational and gestational diabetes) is one of the leading causes of woman infertility, miscarriages, abortions, fetal complications and anomalies3 Diabetes in pregnancy is challenging task for health care professionals, as the opinion on diagnosis differ and the treatment options are limited. Main stream of treatment roam around insulin with lifestyle modification and metformin4
5 (a dilemma for the doctors). It requires more attention and discipline than usual, as it involves two lives and more emotions attached to it.Apart from health, women have to face social instability (e.g., lack of family support, family conflict, violence, and blaming a woman), once detected with GDM, making them feel isolated and unlucky for the family. This poor attitude leads to worsening mental health in the females who are already exposed to anxiety and depression. In addition, gestational diabetes is an economic burned to the common earning man, as the overall cost of the disease is high. In this case, in spite of investing a huge amount of money, the woman has to undergo multiple traumas. Therefore, management of such cases is crucial.One such case is of a 34-year-old woman detected with typical symptoms of type II diabetes since 6.5 years. She was on oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) for a long time. Her grandfather and father had a history of type II diabetes. At the time of diagnosis, her HbA1c was 10.8% without ketosis.She belongs to Chanasma, a rural area in Mehsana district in North Gujarat. She is well educated and working as an officer (Patwari) in the government sector. After tying a knot at the age of 23 years, she had history of multiple abortions (7 reported) culprit being hyperglycemia. In year 2017, on her 7th gestational week she was referred to Arogyam Health Care—Diabetes Clinic.
Diabetes-Care Quality among Veterans in Southwest Indiana, United States
Authors: Kaur Harsimran , Sood Aayushi , Sandhu Devkarn , Bhatia Vishal 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective Diabetes is more prevalent among U.S. veterans than the general population. The study is among the U.S. veterans in Southwest Indiana with diabetes mellitus type 2 to understand their demographics, comorbidities, and complications that could help guide strategies to address the prevalence of diabetes among U.S. veterans in the area. Previous diagnosis and referral to the specialty clinics approaches are needed to lower the prevalence of diabetes among U.S. veterans and preventing diabetes-related complications to improve their health status.
Method We constructed a retrospective study of veterans in the Southwest area with medically treated diabetes type 2, who received Veterans Health Administration primary care and were referred to our specialty clinic. We categorized based on demographics, comorbidities, initial HbA1c percentage, and complications, and created multivariable models.
Results In our study of 80 U.S. veterans with diabetes, 90% had comorbidities already when they presented to our clinic. Diabetes was more prevalent in patients older than 60 years. Around 60% of patients presented with complications such as neuropathy, coronary arterial disease, and heart problems. We calculated the HbA1c when the patients came, and around 42% had hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) over 10%. Patients with exposure to Agent Orange during the Vietnam War had HbA1c over 9%.
Conclusion U.S. veterans with diabetes type 2 referred to the specialty clinic have high HbA1c and more complications on their first visit. Therefore, veterans need to be referred early to the specialty clinics during the course to improve their health status. Mission’s Act 2019 empowers veterans with increased access to community care.
Diabetes and Insurance
Authors: Ghosh Sujoy , Mukhopadhyay Pradip , Bajaj Sarita 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIndia has healthcare expenditure of more than 5 billion dollars on diabetes-related healthcare management. Globally, approximately 12% of health expenditure is spent on diabetes and related comorbidities. Hospitalization includes hospital and laboratory expenses and cost of medications as the direct cost. India is among the countries, where if the insured dies during the time period specified in the insurance policy and the policy is active, or in force, then a death benefit will be paid. Studies in India reported that medical reimbursement is availed by 21.3% in the high-income group and only 6.4% of the urban low-income group. An average cost of management of diabetic complications like diabetic foot, retinopathy, and patients with two complications was almost close to the average cost of claimed amount. Patients may be advised to take insurance for diabetes when there is any indication of future disease and risk factors contributing to diabetes like a strong family history, obesity, hypertension, and other vascular diseases. Diabetes Safe from Star Health and Varistha Mediclaim from National Insurance were among the first insurance policies to be launched in India.
Ketogenic Diet as Medical Nutrition Therapy
Authors: Krishnan Dharini , Mehndiratta Chetan , Agrawal Tanmay 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMedical nutrition therapy is a therapeutic approach to treat medical conditions and their associated symptoms via using a specifically tailored diet devised under the supervision of a doctor and a registered dietitian or nutrition professional. Ketogenic diet primarily consists of the high amount of fats, a moderate amount of proteins, and very low carbohydrates. It is known to stimulate the metabolic effects of starvation by forcing the body to use primarily fat as a fuel source. Ketogenic diet was developed in the 1920s. Nowadays, it is gaining considerable attention as a potential weight-loss strategy because of the low-carb diet. However, it is being considered for use in several diseases/disorders also because of the beneficial effects on the metabolic health and nervous system. This review revisits the therapeutic potential of ketogenic diets in many pathological conditions and its role as a medical nutrition therapy. It also talks about the ill effects that the keto diet can have in case of self-usage and monitoring.
Patients’ Experiences of Barriers and Facilitators for Adherence to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Ethnography
Authors: Sridharan Subha Gomathy , Chittem Mahati , Maya Sravannthi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objectives The main purpose of this article is to synthesize qualitative research exploring experiences of the factors that facilitated and hindered adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods Twenty-six qualitative studies were purposefully included in the final sample. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program criteria for quality assessment of the studies was conducted. A meta-ethnographic approach proposed by Noblit and Hare (1988) was employed to analyze the studies. Using the “reciprocal translation” process, the authors searched for and consolidated the common themes.
Results Three major themes were observed: (1) psychological determinants comprising illness beliefs, locus of control, and being forgetful; (2) sociocultural determinants of family and community, culture, and financial aspects; and (3) patients’ relationship with their physicians.
Discussion The meta-ethnography underlines the importance of cultural nuances in the subjective experiences of the barriers and enablers of diabetes adherence. The findings support the need to include qualitative research methods to develop and evaluate interventions to improve T2DM adherence in patients. Clinical implications of this meta-ethnography include engaging in psychoeducation sessions for patients and caregivers, helping set reminders for patients, introducing communication skills training for healthcare providers, and including female caregivers/patients actively in diabetes care.
Increased Sympathetic Cardiac Autonomic Modulation after Two Consecutive Tilt Tests in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Ribeiro Victor Barbosa , Kogure Gislaine Satyko , Silva Rafael Costa , Souza Hugo Celso Dutra , Ferriani Rui Alberto , Reis Rosana Maria dos 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjective The present study aimed to analyze cardiac autonomic modulation via spectral and symbolic analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who were subjected to two consecutive tilt tests.Methods A total of 64 women were selected and divided into 2 groups: control (without PCOS), and PCOS. Concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, estradiol, homocysteine, sex hormone-binding globulin, thyroid stimulating hormone, fasting insulin, testosterone, androstenedione, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels, triglycerides, free androgen index (FAI), and homeostasis assessment model (HOMA-IR) were assessed. Cardiac autonomic modulation was evaluated by spectral and symbolic analyses during two consecutive tilt tests (two moments) and supine moments before, between and after (three moments) the tilt tests.Results Women with PCOS had higher fasting insulin, HOMA-IR indexes, testosterone and FAI. Additionally, we observed that the PCOS group had greater sympathetic autonomic cardiac modulation in supine 2, tilt 1, and supine 3 moments compared with controls.Conclusion Women with PCOS had higher autonomic sympathetic cardiac modulation even after a second tilt test. No adaptation to this provocative test was observed. Spectral analysis was more sensitive for identifying differences between groups than the symbolic analysis.