bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zinc Supplementation in Preterm Neonates with Late-Onset Sepsis: Is It Beneficial?
Authors: Elfarargy Mohamed Shawky , Al-Ashmawy Ghada , Abu-Risha Sally , Khattab Haidy 
Published: December 2020

Objective Neonatal sepsis (NS) is a serious neonatal disease. The aim of this study was to detect the role of zinc (Zn) supplementation in preterm neonates with late-onset sepsis (LOS).
Study Design A prospective randomized clinical trial study which was done at Tanta University Hospital from August 2016 to March 2018 on 180 preterm neonates with LOS. The studied neonates were divided into two groups: group 1 (90 neonates), which received Zn and antibiotics, and group 2 (90 neonates), which received antibiotics and placebo. In group 1, the neonates received 1.4 mg elemental Zn/kg/d orally for 10 days. Sepsis score, C-reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin (PCT) were done for both groups.
Results As regards sepsis score, it showed that before beginning the treatment, there were 85 and 84 neonates who had high probable sepsis (HPS) in intervention and control groups, respectively, and this revealed nonstatistically significant difference (non-SSD) between both groups (p-value is 0.756) and after 10 days of treatment, there were 1 and 4 neonates who had HPS in intervention and control group, respectively, and this revealed SSD between both groups (p-value is 0.045*). As regards CRP and PCT, the results showed that before beginning the treatment, the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of CRP and PCT were 39.4 ± 10.1 mg/L and 5.2 + 1.8 ng/mL, respectively, in intervention group, while it was 39.6 + 9.9 mg/L and 5.1 + 1.9 ng/mL, respectively, in control group and this revealed non-SSD between both groups (p-value is 0.893 and 0.717, respectively) and after 10 days of treatment, the mean ± SD of CRP and PCT were 5.3 ± 1.8 mg/L and 0.39 ± 0.13 ng/mL, respectively, in intervention group and 6.1 + 2 mg/L and 0.61 + 0.22 ng/mL, respectively, in control group and this revealed SSD between both groups (p-value is 0.008* and 0.044*, respectively).
Conclusion Zn supplementation in preterm neonates with LOS is beneficial in improving the clinical and laboratory finding.
Recommendation Zn supplementation for preterm neonates with LOS.
Key Points
International price volatility transmission and structural change: a market connectivity analysis in the beef sector
Authors: Tanaka Tetsuji , Guo Jin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDespite the abundance of literature on agricultural price transmissions and unexpectedly disrupted value chains from infectious disease outbreaks such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy and COVID-19, the importance of research on price connectivity in the international beef markets has largely been ignored. To assess agricultural price transmission issues, error correction-type models (ECMs) have been predominantly employed. These models, however, suffer a deficiency in that the method is incapable of depicting time-variant linkages between prices. This article examines the connections between global and local prices, as well as price volatility in the beef sector. Our analysis uses a generalised autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model with the dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) specification that enables us to identify market connection intensity dynamics. We pay assiduous attention to structural changes in the overall research processes to enhance the reliability of estimation. For the first time in meat or grain price transmission research, our autoregressive models have been developed with structural break dummy variables for DCC. The principal findings are that (1) local retail prices for Azerbaijan, Georgia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and the UK showed a structural change in mean or variance, all of which were identified after the global food crisis from 2007–2009, (2) international prices unidirectionally Granger-cause regional prices in Georgia, Tajikistan and the United States in both mean and volatility (accordingly, no country exhibited price or price-volatility transmission from regional to international markets), and (3) volatility liaisons between global and local beef markets are generally weak, but price volatility exhibited closer synchronisation around the 2008 global food crisis, which created structural changes during the period. This finding implies that national governments should shield domestic from global markets by implementing trade restrictions such as quotas or taxes in a global emergency.
Geochemical transition zone powering microbial growth in subsurface sediments
Authors: Zhao Rui , Mogollón José M. , Abby Sophie S. , Schleper Christa , Biddle Jennifer F. , Roerdink Desiree L. , Thorseth Ingunn H. , Jørgensen Steffen L. 
Published: December 2020

Significance
The marine sedimentary subsurface is a vast and inhospitable ecosystem, often described as a place where microbes “race to their death,” as microbial cells are buried and available energy is severely diminished with increasing depth/age. By combining a variety of biogeochemical and molecular methods to describe the energetics and genetics of the bacteria specialized in anaerobic ammonium oxidation, we show that despite prolonged exposure to highly unfavorable conditions for tens of thousands of years, these bacteria exhibit remarkable net population growth when reaching their niche: the nitrate–ammonium transition zone. This common, yet understudied, geochemical transition zone represents an oasis in the sedimentary energetic desert, and the growth it supports is of major importance for the global nitrogen cycle.
Polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis pathway determines ferroptosis sensitivity in gastric cancer
Authors: Lee Ji-Yoon , Nam Miso , Son Hye Young , Hyun Kwangbeom , Jang Seo Young , Kim Jong Woo , Kim Min Wook , Jung Youngae , Jang Eunji , Yoon Seon-Jin , Kim Jungeun , Kim Jihye , Seo Jinho , Min Jeong-Ki , Oh Kyoung-Jin , Han Baek-Soo , Kim Won Kon , Bae Kwang-Hee , Song Jaewhan , Kim Jaehoon , Huh Yong-Min , Hwang Geum-Sook , Lee Eun-Woo , Lee Sang Chul 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)-linked arachidonic acid (AA) and adrenic acid (AdA) are well-known substrates for lipid peroxidation, which are indispensable for ferroptosis, an iron-dependent regulated necrosis. However, how cells differentially regulate the intracellular pools of AA and AdA is not fully understood. Here, elongation of very long-chain fatty acid protein 5 (ELOVL5) and fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) are differentially expressed in gastric cancer cells, discriminating the cellular susceptibility to ferroptosis. Biochemical and lipidomics analyses support the hypothesis that ELOVL5 and FADS1 are required to maintain intracellular levels of AA and AdA and promote ferroptosis. Our study highlights the biosynthesis of AA and AdA by ELOVL5 and FADS1 as a critical checkpoint in the ferroptosis pathway.
Histone variants in archaea and the evolution of combinatorial chromatin complexity
Authors: Stevens Kathryn M. , Swadling Jacob B. , Hocher Antoine , Bang Corinna , Gribaldo Simonetta , Schmitz Ruth A. , Warnecke Tobias 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Chromatin in eukaryotes is built around histone–DNA complexes, which act as platforms for the integration of regulatory information. Different layers of information are integrated in a combinatorial fashion, for example by exchanging core histones for variants with different properties. We show that histone variants also exist in archaea. In particular, we identify unique archaeal variants that act as capstones, preventing extension of histone–DNA complexes. Importantly, we show that some archaeal histone variants are ancient and have been maintained as distinct units for hundreds of millions of years. Our work suggests that complex combinatorial chromatin that uses histones as its building blocks exists outside eukaryotes and that the ancestor of eukaryotes might have already had complex chromatin.
The role of third parties in norm enforcement in customary courts among the Enga of Papua New Guinea
Authors: Wiessner Polly 
Published: December 2020

SignificanceCultural norms are key to cooperation but are challenging to uphold. Humans have deep-seated predispositions for regulating norms through both retributive and restorative means. The Enga of Papua New Guinea, a small-scale horticultural society, navigate the national judicial system of legal plurality—formal Western-style courts with retributive justice and customary courts with restorative justice. An analysis of 333 customary court cases shows that Enga choose restorative options to compensate the victim for losses, reintegrate the wrongdoer, and restore cooperation because cooperation and collective action are essential to survival in small-scale societies. Today, in many industrialized societies, efforts are made to reintegrate elements of such age-old restorative systems by respectful listening to both sides, apologies, amends, and reconciliation.
Organic electrochemical transistor on paper for the detection of halide anions in biological analytes
Authors: Nair Rakesh Rajendran 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This report describes an open-air, screen-printed organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) fabricated on a paper substrate for the determination of halide ion concentrations within ranges relevant for human disease diagnosis. Chloride ions (Cl−) owing to their prevalence in biochemistry were specifically evaluated and the OECT’s efficacy with regards to measuring biologically relevant Cl− concentrations in the presence of multiple cationic and anionic interference species was studied. Sensor response was evaluated using both bench-top measurements as well as with hybrid data processing and notification circuitry assembled on the same flexible paper substrate as the OECT. To simplify the measurement process, a current-to-voltage converter was screen-printed in series with the OECT channel to facilitate voltage measurements in direct correlation with the drain current modulations. The bio-electronic conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrene sulphonate) (PEDOT:PSS) was utilized as the transistor channel and silver (Ag) was used as the halide-selective gate electrode. Finally, the paper OECT and the on-board hybrid circuitry were powered using Zn-MnO2-ZnCl2 based printed paper cells and the biosensor’s suitability towards distinguishing between Cl− concentrations clinically associated with a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis was evaluated as a proof of concept. This work demonstrates a simple biosensing system working in the faradaic mode of operation without the implementation of selective ionophore films and incorporates aspects of recyclability, biodegradability and eco-friendliness.
Correction of Suboptimal Results in Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Colwell Amy S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Implant-based breast reconstruction is the most common means to rebuild the breast following mastectomy. Although largely successful in restoring breast shape, suboptimal results may occur secondary to inadequate size or projection, malposition, rippling and contour irregularities, nipple malposition, capsular contracture, or implant rotation/flipping. This article reviews common strategies to improve implant reconstruction outcomes with revisional surgery.

Level of Evidence: 4
Thiopurines and non-melanoma skin cancer: partners in crime in inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Solitano Virginia , D’Amico Ferdinando , Correale Carmen , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Danese Silvio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionSeveral studies have shown that inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) patients treated with thiopurines have an increased risk of developing skin cancer.Sources of dataThis review is based on recent published literature regarding the use of thiopurines in IBD and skin malignancies.Areas of agreementExposure to thiopurines is significantly associated with nonmelanoma skin cancer, but not with melanoma. Primary and secondary prevention including sun-protective measures and regular dermatologic screening are recommended in IBD patients, particularly in those exposed to thiopurines.Areas of controversyBoth when and how immunosuppressive therapy should be resumed in patients with a prior history of skin cancer still remain debatable topics.Growing pointsThe benefit–risk balance between thiopurine therapy and risk of skin cancer should be evaluated in the drug decision process.Areas timely for developing researchThe approval of new effective strategies requires the re-evaluation of the positioning of thiopurines within the therapeutic algorithm based on an increasingly individualized approach.
Beyond Sharing Unpleasant Affect—Evidence for Pain-Specific Opioidergic Modulation of Empathy for Pain
Authors: Rütgen Markus , Wirth Eva-Maria , Riečanský Igor , Hummer Allan , Windischberger Christian , Petrovic Predrag , Silani Giorgia , Lamm Claus 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIt is not known how specific the neural mechanisms underpinning empathy for different domains are. In the present study, we set out to test whether shared neural representations between first-hand pain and empathy for pain are pain-specific or extend to empathy for unpleasant affective touch as well. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging and psychopharmacological experiments, we investigated if placebo analgesia reduces first-hand and empathic experiences of affective touch, and compared them with the effects on pain. Placebo analgesia also affected the first-hand and empathic experience of unpleasant touch, implicating domain-general effects. However, and in contrast to pain and pain empathy, administering an opioid antagonist did not block these effects. Moreover, placebo analgesia reduced neural activity related to both modalities in the bilateral insular cortex, while it specifically modulated activity in the anterior midcingulate cortex for pain and pain empathy. These findings provide causal evidence that one of the major neurochemical systems for pain regulation is involved in pain empathy, and crucially substantiates the role of shared representations in empathy.
Specific complications and limitations of robotic esophagectomy
Authors: Abbas Abbas E , Sarkaria Inderpal S 
Published: December 2020

SUMMARY
Regardless of the approach to esophagectomy, it is an operation that may be associated with significant risk to the patient. Robotic-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) has the same potential for short- and long-term complications as does open and minimally invasive esophagectomy. These complications include among others, the risk for anastomotic leak, gastric tip necrosis, vocal cord palsy, and chylothorax. Moreover, there are additional risks that are unique to the robotic platform such as hardware or software malfunction. These risks are heavily influenced by numerous factors including the patient’s comorbidities, whether neoadjuvant therapy was administered, and the extent of the surgical team’s experience. The limitations of RAMIE are therefore based on the careful assessment of the patient for operability, the tumor for resectability and the team for surgical ability. This article will tackle the topic of complications and limitations of RAMIE by examining each of these issues. It will also describe the recommended terminology for reporting post-esophagectomy complications.
Differential expression of clade I and II N2O reductase genes in denitrifyingThauera linaloolentis47LolT under different nitrogen conditions
Authors: Semedo Miguel , Wittorf Lea , Hallin Sara , Song Bongkeun 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTNitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas and its reduction to dinitrogen gas by the N2O reductase (encoded by the nosZ gene) is the only known biological N2O sink. Within the nosZ phylogeny there are two major clades (I and II), which seem to have different ecological niches. However, physiological differences of nosZI and nosZII expression that may impact emissions of N2O are not well understood. Here, we evaluated the differential expression of nosZI and nosZII, both present in Thauera linaloolentis strain 47LolT, in response to N2O concentration and the presence of the competing electron acceptor nitrate (NO3−). Different N2O levels had a negligible effect on the expression of both nosZ clades. Interestingly, nosZII expression was strongly upregulated in the absence of NO3−, while nosZI expression remained constant across the conditions tested. Thus, NO3− possibly inhibited nosZII expression, which suggests that N2O mitigation mediated by nosZII can be restricted due to the presence of NO3− in the environment. This is the first study demonstrating differential expression of nosZI and nosZII genes under the same physiological conditions and their implications for N2O emission under varying environmental conditions in terms of NO3− availability.
Law Breaking and Law Bending: How International Migrants Negotiate with State Borders
Authors: Schwartz Cassilde , Simon Miranda , Hudson David , Johnson Shane D 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMany countries have become increasingly aggressive in their efforts to stop unauthorized migration, but most evidence suggests that immigration enforcement policies do not effectively deter migrants. We draw on literature from social psychology, specifically the dual-system model of decision-making, which differentiates between judgments that are subject to considerations of risks and costs and judgments that are “non-consequentialist.” Non-consequentialist decision-making is founded in moral intuition and rejects rational considerations of costs and benefits. This mental process would render the deterrence tools of the state powerless. We posit that some, but not all, forms of unauthorized migration will invoke non-consequentialist decision-making. When considering semi-legal strategies, which individuals may perceive as “bending the law” rather than breaking it, aspiring migrants are likely to weigh the risks and costs of enforcement policies. Meanwhile, when considering fully illegal migration strategies, aspiring migrants will prioritize moral considerations for breaking the law rather than the consequences of breaking the law. We find evidence for our theory using original population-based list experiments along with focus groups of aspiring migrants in an origin country.
Development of Second-degree Frostbite in Two Service Members Wearing Issued Cold Weather Footgear Traversing Sea Ice
Authors: Powell Thomas 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Frostbite, or the freezing of the tissues by exposure to conditions below the freezing point of water, is an unsettling and potentially dangerous condition that one can develop while living and working in cold environments below 0°C without proper protections. Civilians and military personnel operating in prolonged field conditions in temperatures below freezing rely on advanced fabrics and multiple layers to maintain body heat around the extremities to prevent frostbite. Here, we detail the situation and findings of frostbite in 2 American service members who were exposed to temperatures of approximately −19.5°C for 5 hours while hiking on frozen sea ice. Notably, these members were wearing their issued cold weather equipment at the time of their injury. The personnel presented with the classic signs and symptoms of second-degree frostbite with blistering and tingling but went on to have no lasting serious sequelae. We find these cases important as it documents the inadequacy of the footgear utilized, despite being operated in weather conditions within the range of the manufacturer’s safety recommendations. Sea ice and other very cold, conducting surfaces may require other gear considerations when operating in this unique terrain type.
Do Interviews Influence Admission Decisions? An Empirical Analysis From an Institution
Authors: Hamidi Zachariah , Durning Steven J , Torre Dario , Liotta Robert , Dong Ting 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The admission interview is regarded as one of the most significant moments in the process of applying to medical school, but there is limited empirical evidence that supports this claim. Previous analyses have offered what is largely anecdotal evidence of the interview’s importance while also suggesting that there is ample opportunity for ethnic and gender bias to impact interview scores. We also asked what medical schools can learn from comparing the attributes of matriculants and those applicants who rejected offers of acceptance.

Materials and Methods
This study investigated the association between interview performance and admission committee decisions for applicants applying to the School of Medicine of the USU. The study cohort included all candidates who were invited for an on-site interview at the USU in 2014, 2015, and 2016 (n = 1825).

Results
Seventeen percent of the variance of the outcome variables—admission committee decisions to accept, place on the alternate list, or reject an applicant—can be explained by considering interview scores alone. Applicant age, race, ethnicity, and gender did not significantly impact interview overall ratings. Matriculants to the USU had similar interview ratings and distribution of gender, race, and ethnicity when compared to those applicants who rejected offers of acceptance. Matriculants were more likely to have previous military experience.

Conclusion
Our analysis provides some justification for the importance of the interview in the admission process. Applicant demographics (age, race, gender, and ethnicity) were not associated with interview scores. Differences between matriculants to the USU and those who rejected offers of acceptance are small, indicating that the USU continues to build a class body that excels in both cognitive and noncognitive domains.
Delimiting the black hole mass in the X-ray transient MAXI J1659-152 with Hα spectroscopy
Authors: Torres M A P , Jonker P G , Casares J , Miller-Jones J C A , Steeghs D 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
MAXI J1659-152 is a 2.4 h orbital period X-ray dipping transient black hole candidate. We present spectroscopy of its I ≈ 23 quiescent counterpart, where we detect Hα emission with full width half maximum (FWHM) of 3200 ± 300 km s−1. Applying the correlation between the Hα FWHM and radial velocity semi-amplitude of the donor star for quiescent X-ray transients, we derive K2 = 750 ± 80 km s−1. The orbital period and K2 lead to a mass function of 4.4 ± 1.4 M⊙ (1σ). The donor to compact object mass ratio and binary inclination are likely in the range q = M2/M1 = 0.02–0.07 and i = 70○–80○. These constraints imply a 68 per cent confidence level interval for the compact object mass of 3.3 ≲ M1(M⊙) ≲ 7.5, confirming its black hole nature. These quasi-dynamical limits are compared to mass estimates from modelling of X-ray data and any discrepancies are discussed. We review the properties of optical spectroscopy and time-series photometry collected during the 2010–2011 outburst. We interpret the apparent modulations found soon after the onset of high-accretion activity and during the 2011 rebrightening event as originating in the accretion disc. These have signatures consistent with superhumps, with the 2011 modulation having a fractional period excess $\lt 0.6{\rm{per\, cent}}$ (3σ). We propose that direct irradiation of the donor by the central X-ray source was not possible due to its occultation by the disc outer regions. We argue that disc shielding significantly weakens the donor star contribution to the optical variability in systems with q ≲ 0.07, including neutron star ultra-compact X-ray binaries.