bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced production of propionic acid through acidic hydrolysis by choice of inoculum
Authors: Ali Rowayda , Saravia Florencia , Hille‐Reichel Andrea , Härrer Daniel , Gescher Johannes , Horn Harald 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this study, the enhancement of propionic acid production from a model feedstock mimicking kitchen waste was investigated. For that purpose, two operational runs of a semicontinuous anaerobic hydrolysis reactor were carried out at pH 6.0 ± 0.1 and mesophilic (30 °C) temperature. Two different types of inocula, a mixed microbial culture selected over 24 months for growth on cellulose and a culture contained in goat cheese were compared.RESULTSThe results show that the goat cheese inoculum was significantly more efficient for propionic acid (PA) production. The highest propionic acid concentration achieved amounted to 139 mmol L−1 at a yield of 23.3 mg g−1 volatile solids (VS), which was 55% greater than what was achieved with the mixed culture. Furthermore, it was observed that propionic acid production was enhanced by a combination of high hydraulic retention time (HRT) with low organic loading rate (OLR), ensuring sufficient time for complete processing of the complex organic substrates. The fermentation could be kept in a stable process of propionic acid production at HRT of 20 days and a rather low OLR of 11.1 g L−1 day−1 VS.CONCLUSIONOur results give a better understanding of PA production in semicontinuous mode, applying optimized process parameters and selecting the adequate microbial community for inoculation. This study provides important information for the improvement of PA production from complex substrates for future industrial application. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided hepaticogastrostomy using a partially covered metal stent in patients with malignant biliary obstruction after failed Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Emmanuel James , Omar Haniza , See Lee T 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground and AimThe advent of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided biliary drainage (EUS‐BD) has provided an inimitable alternative for gaining biliary access in patients who fail conventional endoscopic drainage. The antimigratory features of the partially covered metal stent (PCMS), namely, the flange head and uncovered portion of the stent, makes it a valuable option in patients undergoing EUS‐guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS‐HGS). The aim of the study is to evaluate the clinical outcome of EUS‐BD via the hepaticogastrostomy approach using PCMS in patients with malignant biliary obstruction after failed ERCP.MethodsThis is a single‐center retrospective observational study of patients with malignant biliary obstruction undergoing EUS‐HGS after failed ERCP between January 2018 and May 2019. The end‐point of the study was to assess the technical and clinical success rate, as well as the stent‐ and procedure‐related complications.ResultsThere were 20 subjects in this study. The average age was 71.8 ± 7.6 years. Most patients were male, 16 (80%). Inaccessible papillae was the most common indication for this procedure, 16 (80%). Technical success was achieved in all patients. The average procedural time was 39.9 ± 1.3 min. Mean preprocedural bilirubin levels were 348.6 ± 28.8 and subsequently decreased to 108.94 ± 37.1 μmol/L at 2 weeks postprocedure. The clinical success rate was 95% (19/20), with one patient requiring percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD). There were no stent‐ or procedure‐related complications reported in this study.ConclusionEUS‐HGS with PCMS is a feasible, effective, and safe alternative for biliary decompression in patients with failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).
In vivo three‐dimensional knee kinematics in goats with unilateral anterior cruciate ligament transection
Authors: Bascuñán Ana , Soula Mariajesus , Millar Kristina K. , Biedrzycki Adam , Banks Scott A. , Lewis Daniel D. , Kim Stanley E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough the goat is an established animal model in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) research, in vivo kinematics associated with ACL deficiency have not been previously described in this species. Three‐dimensional knee kinematics were determined before and after unilateral ACL transection in eight goats. Fluoroscopic imaging of the knees during treadmill walking and force‐platform gait analysis during over‐ground walking were performed prior to ACL transection, and 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after ACL transection. Transient lameness of the ACL‐transected limb was noted in all goats but resolved by 3 months post‐ACL transection. Increased extension of 8.7° to 17.0° was noted throughout the gait cycle in both the ACL‐transected and the contralateral unaffected knees by 3 months post‐ACL transection, in a bilaterally symmetric pattern. Peak anterior tibial translation increased by 3 to 6 mm after ACL transection and persisted over the 6‐month study period. No changes in axial rotation or abduction angle were observed after ACL transection. Unilateral ACL deficiency in goats resulted in persistent kinematic alterations, despite the resolution of lameness by 3 months post‐ACL transection.
Kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) starch: A review
Authors: Punia Sneh , Dhull Sanju Bala , Sandhu Kawaljit Singh , Kaur Maninder , Purewal Sukhvinder Singh 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe mini review focuses on the morphology, pasting, rheological and in vitro digestibility of kidney bean starch. In legumes seeds, starch is the most abundant carbohydrate reserve in plants and have been ascribed medicinal and cultural as well as nutritional roles. The major carbohydrate of kidney bean seeds is starch, which accounts for 25–45% of the dry matter. Lower swelling and high solubility of kidney bean starches indicate their higher functional properties than cereal starches. High amount of resistant starch (RS) and slow digestible starch (SDS) and low amount of rapidly digestible starch (RDS) present in kidney bean starches provide their potentiality as a good source of RS. Starch is a macro‐constituent of many foods and its properties and interactions with other constituents, particularly water and lipids, are of interest to the food industry and for human nutrition as starch properties may greatly determine the product quality.
The asymptotic behavior for anisotropic parabolic p‐Laplacian equations
Authors: Qian Chenyin , Yuan Daorui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe global existence and asymptotic behavior for anisotropic parabolic equation in are considered. By using the classical Galerkin approximation and suitable conditions on the weighted function, it is obtained the global estimate and the uniformly estimates for the global weak solution. Besides, the global attractor for anisotropic parabolic p‐Laplacian equation is also investigated by proving the ω‐limit compactness for the multivalued semigroups or multivalued semiflows.
Comparison of commercial dosimetric software platforms in patients treated with 177Lu‐DOTATATE for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy
Authors: Mora‐Ramirez Erick , Santoro Lore , Cassol Emmanuelle , Ocampo‐Ramos Juan C. , Clayton Naomi , Kayal Gunjan , Chouaf Soufiane , Trauchessec Dorian , Pouget Jean‐Pierre , Kotzki Pierre‐Olivier , Deshayes Emmanuel , Bardiès Manuel 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe aim of this study was to quantitatively compare five commercial dosimetric software platforms based on the analysis of clinical datasets of patients who benefited from peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with 177Lu‐DOTATATE (LUTATHERA®).MethodsThe dosimetric analysis was performed on two patients during two cycles of PRRT with 177Lu. Single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography images were acquired at 4, 24, 72, and 192 h post injection. Reconstructed images were generated using Dosimetry Toolkit® (DTK) from Xeleris™ and HybridRecon‐Oncology version_1.3_Dicom (HROD) from HERMES. Reconstructed images using DTK were analyzed using the same software to calculate time‐integrated activity coefficients (TIAC), and mean absorbed doses were estimated using OLINDA/EXM V1.0 with mass correction. Reconstructed images from HROD were uploaded into PLANET® OncoDose from DOSIsoft, STRATOS from Phillips, Hybrid Dosimetry Module™ from HERMES, and SurePlan™ MRT from MIM. Organ masses, TIACs, and mean absorbed doses were calculated from each application using their recommendations.ResultsThe majority of organ mass estimates varied by <9.5% between all platforms. The highest variability for TIAC results between platforms was seen for the kidneys (28.2%) for the two patients and the two treatment cycles. Relative standard deviations in mean absorbed doses were slightly higher compared with those observed for TIAC, but remained of the same order of magnitude between all platforms.ConclusionsWhen applying a similar processing approach, results obtained were of the same order of magnitude regardless of the platforms used. However, the comparison of the performances of currently available platforms is still difficult as they do not all address the same parts of the dosimetric analysis workflow. In addition, the way in which data are handled in each part of the chain from data acquisition to absorbed doses may be different, which complicates the comparison exercise. Therefore, the dissemination of commercial solutions for absorbed dose calculation calls for the development of tools and standards allowing for the comparison of the performances between dosimetric software platforms.
Rubber toughened recycled polyethylene terephthalate for material extrusion additive manufacturing
Authors: Zander Nicole E , Boelter Zachary R 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPlastic packaging materials represent a new class of low‐cost and sustainable additive manufacturing feedstocks. Recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has been shown to be a robust material for material extrusion additive manufacturing, with mechanical properties comparable with acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene. However, due to PET's high crystallinity, it is generally a brittle material and can be subject to premature fracture. It is well known that the addition of rubbers can serve to toughen PET. In this work, micronized rubber powder, as well as non‐reactive and functionalized styrene‐ethylene‐butadiene‐styrene (SEBS) elastomers were compounded with recycled PET. Tensile strength was not significantly affected, but toughness increased 85% with the addition of 5 wt% rubber, 350% with SEBS and over 550% with maleic anhydride functionalized SEBS compared to neat recycled PET. Fracture surface analysis revealed evidence of ductile fracture and cavitation in the rubber toughened samples. Published 2020. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA
Towards an M5‐Brane Model II: Metric String Structures
Authors: Sämann Christian , Schmidt Lennart 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we develop the mathematical formulation of metric string structures. These play a crucial role in the formulation of certain six‐dimensional superconformal field theories and we believe that they also underlie potential future formulations of the (2,0)‐theory. We show that the connections on non‐abelian gerbes usually introduced in the literature are problematic in that they are locally gauge equivalent to connections on abelian gerbes. Connections on string structures form an exception and we introduce the general concept of an adjusted Weil algebra leading to potentially interacting connections on higher principal bundles. Considering a special case, we derive the metric extension of string structures and the corresponding adjusted Weil algebra. The latter lead to connections that were previously constructed by hand in the context of gauged supergravities. We also explain how the Leibniz algebras induced by an embedding tensor in gauged supergravities fit into our picture.
“Unattended” retirement: Lifestyle migration and precarity of the Houniao
Authors: Chen Jingfu , Wang Bingyu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper unpacks the precarity of lifestyle migrants through the study of the Houniao (“snowbirds”), mostly retirees leading seasonal travel between north and south China. Focusing on the Houniao in Sanya, it explores the production and negotiation of their precarity at multiple scales. Firstly, it investigates how they encounter “precarious privilege” in Sanya's changing urban space and respond to government control and rising living expenses. Secondly, it examines their vulnerability intensified by health decline and constraints of place‐based care networks and their agency to rebuild local supporting systems. Thirdly, it explores their contested relationships with Sanya and the sense of marginality and how they develop Houniao‐based social networks. This paper highlights the significance of space/place and human agency in understanding the dynamic process in which precarity is generated and negotiated. Additionally, it provides a wider perspective on the complexity of precarity in lifestyle migration by focusing on the China context.
Application of online liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry for structural characterization of linagliptin degradation products and related impurities
Authors: Yadav Amrej Singh , Dornala Divya , Swain Debasish , Prabha Aishwarya , Samanthula Gananadhamu 
Published: July 2020

RationaleLinagliptin is a drug used for the management of type 2 diabetes, which is a leading cause of global ill health and mortality. Impurities can affect the quality and safety of drug products and eventually may affect human health. A robust, sensitive and reliable analytical method is required to detect, characterize, quantify and control the presence of impurities in finished pharmaceutical products such as linagliptin.MethodsLinagliptin was stressed under harsh conditions as in the ICH Q1A (R2) guidelines to generate degradation products. The degradation products and process‐related impurities were separated using an InertSustain C8 column (4.6 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm) and characterized by tandem quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry in positive mode electrospray ionization. The developed method was validated according to the ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines.ResultsUpon forced degradation, 12 degradation products were obtained (6 in oxidative stress and 3 in each of acid and alkaline hydrolysis). The special finding here was the presence of a pair of isomeric degradation products in acid hydrolysis and the formation of degradation products in base hydrolysis and oxidative degradation caused by the use of acetonitrile as a diluent. The 12 degradation products and 6 process‐related substances were successfully identified using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.ConclusionsA reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the separation of the 12 degradation products and 6 process‐related impurities. Structural characterization of all impurities was carried out using fragmentation pathways obtained from tandem mass spectrometry. The method was sufficiently sensitive and reproducible for quality control of linagliptin and for further research studies.
Novel β‐Lactam Compounds as Activators for Polyphenoloxidase
Authors: Bytyqi‐Damoni Arlinda , Genç Hayriye , Zengin Mustafa , Demir Dudu , Gençer Nahit , Arslan Oktay 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA copper‐containing enzyme polyphenol oxidase (other name is tyrosinase) plays crucial role in melanin biosynthesis, as a compound responsible for human pigmentation. Non controlled loss of melanin can cause hypopigmentation disease. The hypopigmentatory disorder can be treated with melanogenesis stimulators. Here, twenty‐four new β‐lactam compounds were synthesized, characterized and in vitro effects of them on banana tyrosinase investigated. The enzyme has been purified from banana by an affinity gel comprised of Sepharose4B−L‐tyrosine‐p‐aminobenzoic acid. The results showed that the compounds have an effect on increasing the activity of tyrosinase enzyme. Molecules having a notable tyrosinase activator effects are compound 3 h (79.86) and compound 4 n (61.30). The maximal activation, 131% was determined at 130 μM concentration. These results suggested that compounds 3 h and 4 n might represent a novel approach for an effective therapy for diseases associate with tyrosinase dysfunction, such as vitiligo and hair graying.
In Situ Growth of Ultrafine PtPd Nanoparticles on Bifunctional NH2‐N‐rGO with Remarkable Catalytic Activity for Ammonia Borane Dehydrogenation
Authors: Liu Yuan , Gao Manyi , Yang Weiwei , Yu Yongsheng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe design of robust and highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for ammonia borane (AB) hydrolysis is of great importance to realize its application in energy storage. Herein, bimetallic ultrafine PtPd nanoparticles (NPs), supported on NH2‐functionalized and N‐doped reduced grapheme oxide (NH2‐N‐rGO), were prepared by a simple and effective method under mild condition. The introduction of the −NH2−N group on rGO is the critical issue for the formation of the ultrafine and well‐dispersed bimetallic PtPd NPs (1.9 nm) with relatively large surface area and enough active sites. These catalysts have excellent catalytic activities in the hydrolytic dehydrogenation of AB and their activity was composition dependent. Among these catalysts, the Pt0.5Pd0.5/NH2‐N‐rGO composite catalysts exhibit the highest catalytic activity with an initial turnover frequency of 699.6 mol(hydrogen)•mol(catalyst)−1•min−1 for the hydrolytic dehydrogenation of AB. This work offers a new way for the design and preparation of the bimetallic ultrafine nanocatalysts with excellent catalytic activities for AB hydrolysis.
Smartdust 3D‐Printed Graphene‐Based Al/Ga Robots for Photocatalytic Degradation of Explosives
Authors: Khezri Bahareh , Villa Katherine , Novotný Filip , Sofer Zdeněk , Pumera Martin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMilli/micro/nanorobots are considered smart devices able to convert energy taken from different sources into mechanical movement and accomplish the appointed tasks. Future advances and realization of these tiny devices are mostly limited by the narrow window of material choices, the fuel requirement, multistep surface functionalization, rational structural design, and propulsion ability in complex environments. All these aspects call for intensive improvements that may speed up the real application of such miniaturized robots. 3D‐printed graphene‐based smartdust robots provided with a magnetic response and filled with aluminum/gallium molten alloy (Al/Ga) for autonomous motion are presented. These robots can swim by reacting with the surrounding environment without adding any fuel. Because their outer surface is coated with a hydrogel/photocatalyst (chitosan/carbon nitride, C3N4) layer, these robots are used for the photocatalytic degradation of the picric acid as an explosive model molecule under visible light. The results show a fast and efficient degradation of picric acid that is attributed to a synergistic effect between the adsorption capability of the chitosan and the photocatalytic activity of C3N4 particles. This work provides added insight into the large‐scale fabrication, easy functionalization, and propulsion of tiny robots for environmental applications.
Effect of Resistant Starch Type Two Fortification on Structural Characteristics of Macaroni
Authors: Khoozani Amir Amini , Rad Aziz Homayouni , Keshtiban Ata , Pirouzian Haniyeh Rasouli , Javadi Mina , Shahbazi Nayyer , Pourjafar Hadi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDue to the high consumption of pasta products, enrichment of the final product with non‐digestible oligosaccharides has gained interest. Resistant starch type two (RS2) can tolerate high moisture and temperature involved in the macaroni production process. The aim of this study is to compare the textural properties of cooked and uncooked RS2‐enriched macaroni with the control sample. The substitution of RS2 results in a significant reduction in moisture content (p < 0.05). The color of fortified macaroni is brighter than the control (48.88 ± 0.18). The presence of RS2 leads to a substantial improvement in textural properties. Hardness and cohesiveness of macaroni at 10% RS2 level are significantly higher than the control sample while adhesiveness and chewiness are lower (p < 0.05). The sample with 7.5% RS2 shows the best cooking properties. Cooking loss and water absorption get reduced significantly as the amount of RS2 increases. Sensory evaluation results show a significant reduction in adhesiveness. Resistant starch type two could function as a dietary fiber that improves texture without having a negative impact on consumer acceptance.
Shared and different L1 background, L1 use, and peer familiarity as factors in ESL pair interaction
Authors: Pastushenkov Dmitrii , Camp Cameron , Zhuchenko Iryna , Pavlenko Olesia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, the researchers investigated the effects of shared and different first language (L1) background, L1 use amounts, and peer familiarity on the frequency of language‐related episodes (LREs) and task scores in interactive pair work. By exploring these variables in distinct interactions, the authors attempted to obtain a more fine‐grained picture of peer interaction patterns and develop strategies to facilitate short interactive tasks. The study’s recordings of the same‐L1 dyads were translated to explore whether the participants stayed on task and why they used their L1. Forty‐two intermediate students of English as a second language (ESL) from various L1 backgrounds recruited from a U.S. university participated in the study. They were placed into four dyad types: same‐L1/familiar, same‐L1/unfamiliar, different‐L1/familiar, and different‐L1/unfamiliar. Each dyad completed a short interactive spot‐the‐difference task. Peer familiarity positively affected the production of LREs and task scores, but no clear differences were found between the same‐L1 and different‐L1 dyads. The researchers also found evidence that peer familiarity affected the same‐L1 and different‐L1 dyads differently. The dyads stayed on task the entire time, using L1 for task management or vocabulary deliberations. Finally, strong negative correlations were found between L1 use amounts and both LREs and task scores.
Comparison of methods for determining shear modulus of wood
Authors: Krüger Robert , Wagenführ André 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this study, the relatively new picture frame method applied to wood is compared with three established shear test methods, namely the experimental modal analysis, the square plate twist method and the torsion test. For the investigations, the wood species European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) were used and the shear tests were conducted in LR and RL direction. The results show comparable shear moduli for beech and spruce in the range of 931–1289 Nmm−2 and 495–842 Nmm−2, respectively. In contrast to the theory of linear elastic orthotropic materials, significant differences in the results of the picture frame method between LR and RL direction were observed for spruce.