bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvements to the Water Quality of the Acidic Berkeley Pit Lake due to Copper Recovery and Sludge Disposal
Authors: Gammons Christopher H. , Icopini Gary A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe chemistry and limnology of the Berkeley Pit lake, located in Butte, Montana, have substantially changed during the past 15 years. These changes are due to: (1) a large-scale Cu recovery project in which deep water was pumped to a Cu precipitation plant and returned to the surface of the lake; and (2) in-pit disposal of lime-treatment sludge. As a consequence, the lake has shifted from a meromictic to a holomictic state, over 99% of the dissolved Fe has precipitated as schwertmannite and other ferric solids, the total acidity of the water column has dropped by roughly 35%, and the pH has risen from about 2.5 to near 4.1. Whereas most of the lake was anoxic prior to 2013, the water column now contains > 6 mg/L dissolved oxygen from the lake surface to the deepest levels sampled (> 150 m). Concentrations of several other solutes, including As, P, Cr, and V, have fallen sharply due to adsorption or co-precipitation with Fe, while other species, such as Al, Mg, and Mn, have increased due to dissolution of solids in the sludge. Although the Cu recovery circuit was discontinued in 2013, in-pit disposal of sludge is expected to continue. The pit water is now close to saturation with basaluminite, and the pH should remain poised in the range of 4.1–4.5 for many years as Al precipitates out of the water column. Pumping and treating of pit water is set to commence in 2019, and will continue for the foreseeable future. Continued in-pit disposal of sludge should translate into long term water-quality improvement and a decrease in annual lime-consumption costs. Although the Berkeley Pit still has a long ways to go before it will meet water quality standards, it is heartening to mine-water specialists that the pit lake may not be a problem that is “too big to fix”.
Beyond the flow rate: the importance of thermal range, flow intensity, and distribution for water-efficient showers
Authors: Adeyeye Kemi , She Kaiming , Meireles Inês 
Published: December 2019

AbstractStudies show that user behaviours have not necessarily changed, despite the prevalence of water-efficient products in the market. One reason is because the technical emphasis for delivering the water use efficiency of products has focused on reducing the flow rate. Therefore, this study was undertaken to examine the physical parameters that define the technical efficiency of showerheads against the experiential performance (and therefore the satisfaction with the showerheads). These parameters were measured in a controlled laboratory environment and the findings were triangulated against user feedback from in-home trials. Synergies between the laboratory data and user feedback were found. Notably, it was found that water spray intensity, distribution, and temperature loss all impact the quality of showering experience. These factors also influence shower duration—and thus the volume of water used in the shower. Significantly, these technical metrics affected the overall experiential performance of such products from the users’ perspective. Therefore, the design of water-efficient showerheads, in addition to delivering water discharge savings, should avoid poor spray distribution, intensity, and heat retention. The implications of the findings are that water efficiency labelling and product standards should extend beyond the emphasis on limiting the flow rates—typically to 9 l per min for showerheads. This study shows good merit for including the spray intensity (pressure), distribution, and degree of heat loss, in addition to the discharge rate, as part of the performance and efficiency considerations of showerheads.
“A Real Bucket of Worms”: Views of People Living with Dementia and Family Members on Supported Decision-Making
Authors: Sinclair Craig , Gersbach Kate , Hogan Michelle , Blake Meredith , Bucks Romola , Auret Kirsten , Clayton Josephine , Stewart Cameron , Field Sue , Radoslovich Helen , Agar Meera , Martini Angelita , Gresham Meredith , Williams Kathy , Kurrle Sue 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSupported decision-making has been promoted at a policy level and within international human rights treaties as a way of ensuring that people with disabilities enjoy the right to legal capacity on an equal basis with others. However, little is known about the practical issues associated with implementing supported decision-making, particularly in the context of dementia. This study aimed to understand the experiences of people with dementia and their family members with respect to decision-making and their views on supported decision-making. Thirty-six interviews (twenty-one dyadic and fifteen individual) were undertaken with fifty-seven participants (twenty-five people living with dementia and thirty-two family members) across three states in Australia. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used as the methodological approach, with relational autonomy as a theoretical perspective. We identified two overarching themes relating to participants’ experiences with decision-making: “the person in relationship over time” and “maintaining involvement.” Participant views on the practical issues associated with supported decision-making are addressed under the themes of “facilitating decision-making,” “supported decision-making arrangements,” “constraints on decision-making,” and “safeguarding decision-making.” While participants endorsed the principles of supported decision-making as part of their overarching strategy of “maintaining involvement” in decision-making, they recognized that progressive cognitive impairment meant that there was an inevitable transition toward greater involvement of, and reliance upon, others in decision-making. Social and contextual “constraints on decision-making” also impacted on the ability of people with dementia to maintain involvement. These themes inform our proposal for a “spectrum approach” to decision-making involvement among people living with dementia, along with recommendations for policy and practice to assist in the implementation of supported decision-making within this population.
A revision of the African genus Mesanthemum (Eriocaulaceae)
Authors: Liang Yuxi , Phillips Sylvia M. , Cheek Martin , Larridon Isabel 
Published: December 2019

SummaryMesanthemum is a genus comprising 16 species in the family Eriocaulaceae and is native to Africa and Madagascar. Eriocaulaceae are characterised by a basal tuft or rosette of narrow leaves and small flowers in heads. Mesanthemum can be recognised by diplostemonous flowers and fused glandular pistillate petals. While most Mesanthemum species are large perennial herbs, two small ephemeral species from West Africa, M. albidum and M. auratum differ from the rest of the genus by their shorter life cycle, smaller size, simpler floral structures and different seed surface patterning. A molecular phylogenetic study, morphological comparisons and scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination of seed coat sculpture were carried out to determine whether they should be separated as a new genus. The molecular results indicate that the two ephemeral species are nested in the Mesanthemum clade. However, they are not closely related to each other. All species of Mesanthemum are here revised, including the description of a new species M. alenicola from Equatorial Guinea. An identification key is provided, together with taxonomic descriptions, synonymy and notes. Images of the seeds as seen under SEM are provided where available. Lectotypifications are provided for Mesanthemum albidum, M. bennae, M. pilosum, M. prescottianum, M. pubescens and M. variabile. A neotype is selected for M. rutenbergianum, which is synonymised with M. pubescens.
Soil pH is the primary factor driving the distribution and function of microorganisms in farmland soils in northeastern China
Authors: Wang Cheng-yu , Zhou Xue , Guo Dan , Zhao Jiang-hua , Yan Li , Feng Guo-zhong , Gao Qiang , Yu Han , Zhao Lan-po 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Purpose
To understand which environmental factors influence the distribution and ecological functions of bacteria in agricultural soil.

Method
A broad range of farmland soils was sampled from 206 locations in Jilin province, China. We used 16S rRNA gene-based Illumina HiSeq sequencing to estimated soil bacterial community structure and functions.

Result
The dominant taxa in terms of abundance were found to be, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Chloroflexi, and Proteobacteria. Bacterial communities were dominantly affected by soil pH, whereas soil organic carbon did not have a significant influence on bacterial communities. Soil pH was significantly positively correlated with bacterial operational taxonomic unit abundance and soil bacterial α-diversity (P<0.05) spatially rather than with soil nutrients. Bacterial functions were estimated using FAPROTAX, and the relative abundance of anaerobic and aerobic chemoheterotrophs, and nitrifying bacteria was 27.66%, 26.14%, and 6.87%, respectively, of the total bacterial community. Generally, the results indicate that soil pH is more important than nutrients in shaping bacterial communities in agricultural soils, including their ecological functions and biogeographic distribution.
A Review on Artificial Micro/Nanomotors for Cancer-Targeted Delivery, Diagnosis, and Therapy
Authors: Wang Jiajia , Dong Renfeng , Wu Huiying , Cai Yuepeng , Ren Biye 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMicro/nanomotors have been extensively explored for efficient cancer diagnosis and therapy, as evidenced by significant breakthroughs in the design of micro/nanomotors-based intelligent and comprehensive biomedical platforms. Here, we demonstrate the recent advances of micro/nanomotors in the field of cancer-targeted delivery, diagnosis, and imaging-guided therapy, as well as the challenges and problems faced by micro/nanomotors in clinical applications. The outlook for the future development of micro/nanomotors toward clinical applications is also discussed. We hope to highlight these new advances in micro/nanomotors in the field of cancer diagnosis and therapy, with the ultimate goal of stimulating the successful exploration of intelligent micro/nanomotors for future clinical applications.
Prospects for New England Agriculture: Farm to Fork
Authors: Werner Samantha , Lemos Scott R. , McLeod Amanda , Halstead John M. , Gabe Todd , Huang Ju-Chin , Liang Chyi Lyi , Shi Wei , Harris Lily , McConnon James 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper summarizes a multi-state, multi-year study assessing the potential for local agriculture in northern New England. While largely rural, this region's agricultural sector differs greatly from the rest of the United States, and demand for locally produced food has been increasing. To assess this unique economic landscape, researchers and Cooperative Extension at the Universities of Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont investigated four key areas: (1) local food capacities, (2) constraints to agricultural expansion, (3) consumer preferences for local and organic produce, and (4) the role of intermediaries as alternative local food outlets. The project included input from local farmers, Extension members, restaurants, and the general public. We present the four research areas in a sequential, overlapping fashion. The timing of our research was such that each step in the process informed the next and can be used as a template for assessing a region's potential for local agricultural production.
What’s in a Wage? A New Approach to the Justification of Pay
Authors: Moriarty Jeffrey 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT:In this address, I distinguish and explore three conceptions of wages. A wage is a reward, given in recognition of the performance of a valued task. It is also an incentive: a way to entice workers to take and keep jobs, and to motivate them to work hard. Finally, a wage is a price of labor, and like all prices, conveys valuable information about relative scarcity. I show that each conception of wages has its own normative logic, or appropriate justification, and these logics can come apart. This explains some of the debate about wages and makes the project of justifying a wagesimpliciterdifficult. I identify which logic we should choose, since we must choose, and say what this means for how we should think about the justification of pay.
Rethinking the “Crisis” of Indigenous Mass Imprisonment
Authors: Arbel Efrat 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInR v Gladue, the Supreme Court of Canada famously remarked that the incarceration of Indigenous people represents a “crisis.” Since Gladue’s release, the language of “crisis” has been used with frequency in Canadian legal discourse. In this article, I analyze how this language has shaped the broader legal understanding of Indigenous mass imprisonment. My focus is not on specific iterations or uses, but on the cumulative impact of the language of “crisis” over the last twenty years. I suggest that however well-meaning these representations may be, their cumulative impact is harmful. In the face of the relentless intensification of Indigenous mass imprisonment, the language of “crisis” has operated to subtly entrench the colonial structures it purports to disrupt. Urging a shift away from its use, I argue that the language of “crisis” is not only ill suited to address the problem, but is part of the problem.
Two genitive constructions of Old Babylonian
Authors: Arkhipov Ilya , Loesov Sergey 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe paper shows that there is a pattern in the distribution of synthetic (šēp šarrim“the king's foot”) vs. analytical (kaspum ša awīlim“the boss's money”) genitive constructions in Old Babylonian. The choice depends on the lexical feature of head nouns known as (in)alienability. Old Babylonian kinship and body part terms, as well as some other substantives, are “inalienable”, which means they take only the synthetic construction. All other Old Babylonian nouns are “alienable”, which means they admit both the synthetic and the analytical construction (kasap tamkārīandkaspum ša tamkārī“the merchants’ money”). In the latter case, there is no general rule to predict the choice, yet in certain cases the two constructions display a non-random frequency distribution.
Revisiting aNahḍaorigin story:Majmaʿ al-Tahdhīband the Protestant community in 1840s Beirut
Authors: Edwards Anthony 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article is a comprehensive evaluation of the first learned society of theNahḍa(Renaissance) in Beirut. I argue thatMajmaʿ al-Tahdhīb(the Refinement Council, est. 1846) was not a learned society but anad hocseminary formed to train converts for itinerant preaching and to build camaraderie among the nascent Protestant confession. In order to unearth the mission ofMajmaʿ al-Tahdhīband amplify the voices of its members – twelve Syrians and two Americans – this essay reconstructs their biographies and the condition of the Protestant community until 1846. This case study explicates the personal and professional entanglements of these fourteen men in terms of social connections, educational opportunities, economic needs, and religious convictions. It contextualizes the early years of several prominentNahḍafigures by highlighting the material and spiritual aspects of their lives in 1840s Beirut.
Re-examining Foresti'sSupplementum Chronicarumand the “Ethiopian” embassy to Europe of 1306
Authors: Krebs Verena 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA widely reported story in the historiography on medieval Ethiopia relates how, in the year 1306, an “Ethiopian” embassy visited the court of Pope Clement V in Avignon and offered military aid in the fight against Islam to Latin Christianity. This article re-examines the source – Jacopo Filippo Foresti's Supplementum Chronicarum – thought to document an episode of one of the earliest European–African Christian contacts. It investigates Foresti's own sources, their historiographical transmission history, and the feasibility of relating it to the socio-political entity of Solomonic Ethiopia in the Horn of Africa in the early fourteenth century, concluding that Foresti's information was based on Latin Christian texts, such as the Legenda Aurea and the myth of Prester John, only. The ‘Ethiopian’ embassy of 1306 is thus not borne out by sources and should be dismissed in scholarship, resetting the timeline of official Ethiopian–Latin Christian contacts in the late medieval period.
OP18 A Case Study Of Local Context-Dependent Decision-Making In Health Technology Assessment
Authors: Drolet Renée , Asselin Genevieve , Nourissat Alice , Coulombe Martin , Rhainds Marc 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionAntibiotics impregnated calcium sulfate (AI-CaSO4) is an innovative practice to ensure local diffusion of antibiotics especially in the treatment of prosthesis or medical implants infections. A recent introduction of AI-CaSO4 at CHU de Québec-Université Laval (CHU de Québec) was followed by a rapid increase in use and costs. A hospital-based health technology assessment (HTA) was then requested to assess the clinical relevance of AI-CaSO4 in surgical site infection (SSI) management.MethodsA systematic review of the effectiveness and adverse effects of AI-CaSO4 was performed in indexed databases and grey literature. The local context analysis included different methodologies: 1) interviews with pharmacists, surgeons and operating room managers, 2) data extraction from electronic patient records (EPR), 3) procurement database on CaSO4, and 4) interdisciplinary working group including orthopedic and vascular surgeons, pharmacists, infectiologists, and hospital managers.ResultsAvailable evidence suggest that AI-CaSO4 could contribute in the treatment of osteomyelitis whereas no conclusion can be drawn for other medical indications in both treatment and prevention of SSI. A review of 113 surgical procedures showed that AI-CaSO4 was rapidly adopted after only one year and used for various medical indications in neuromodulation, orthopedic and vascular surgery. Osteomyelitis treatment accounted for less than 3% of cases. AI-CaSO4 was mainly used in prevention of SSI (65%) and surgical revisions (74%). Furthermore, local safety issues were raised by a lack of standardization for the preparation and under recording of antibiotics use with AI-CaSO4.ConclusionsThe current state of knowledge does not support the widespread use AI-CaSO4 at CHU de Québec. This study highlights the importance of adapting HTA approach to the local context to influence decision-making especially in the context of innovating practice in order to insure the relevance, safety and sustainability of care.
OP122 Resource Use Measurement Issues: A Scoping Review
Authors: Janssen Luca , Paulus Aggie , Hollingworth William , Thorn Joanna , Evers Silvia 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionResource use measurement is known to be a challenging and time-consuming, but essential step in economic evaluations of health care interventions. Measuring true quantities of resources utilized is of major importance for generating valid costing estimates. As consequence of the absence of a gold standard and of acknowledged guidelines, the choice of a measurement method is often based on practicality instead of methodological evidence. An overview of resource use measurement issues is currently lacking. Such overview could enhance clearance in the quality of resource use measurement methods in economic evaluations and may facilitate to opt for evidence based measurement methods in the future. This study aims to provide an overview of methodological evidence regarding resource use measurement issues in economic evaluations.MethodsLiterature was searched by three different methods. First, a search strategy was used in six different databases. Second, the Database of Instruments for Resource Use Measurement (DIRUM) was hand-searched. Third, experts from six different European Union countries within the field of health economics were asked to provide relevant studies. Data was analyzed according to the Resource Use Measurement Issues (RUMI-) framework, which was developed for this study.ResultsOf the 3,478 articles provided in the initial search, 77 were fully analyzed. An overview with evidence is provided for every resource use measurement issue. Most research focused around the issue ‘how to measure’, in particular the effect of self-reported data versus administrative data. In contrast, little to no research has been done on issues ‘what to measure’ and ‘for which purpose to measure’.ConclusionsResults of this study provide insight in the effect of a chosen measurement method. The results stress the importance of measuring the true quantities of resources utilized for generating valid costing estimates. Furthermore, this article highlights the lack of evidence in appropriate resource use measurement methods.
PP34 Costs Of Healthcare-Associated Infections In Latin America
Authors: Bagattini Ângela , Martinez-Silveira Martha , Zara Ana , Stempliuk Valeska , Toscano Cristiana 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionHealthcare-associated infections (HAI) are among the most common preventable health adverse event, associated with significant burden globally. Limited data on HAI costs in lower and middle-income countries is available. The aim of this study is to assess the cost, additional length-of-stay (LOS) and extra-mortality of HAI in the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) Region.MethodsWe searched Medline/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Lilacs, Cochrane, National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, EconLit, and gray literature published in any language without restriction of date till July 2017. We included observational studies addressing the outcomes of interest, in which hospitalized patients with HAI are compared to those without HAI. The following study designs were included: quasi-experimental, controlled before-after, prospective and retrospective comparative cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies. We considered the following HAI-sites: surgical site infections (SSI), catheter-associated urinary-tract infections (CA-UTI), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), and central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLA-BSI), as well as cross-infection (CI). Screening of citations, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were conducted in duplicate by independent reviewers, according to the study protocol registered on PROSPERO. Reported costs were converted to USD considering official exchange rates.ResultsWe identified 4,339 citations. After removing duplicates, a total of 3,029 citations were screened for eligibility. A total of 87 studies from 17 countries were included. The majority (27.4 percent) reported on VAP, followed by CLA-BSI (21.2 percent), SSI (16.4 percent), and CA-UTI (14.4 percent). Most studies (46.7 percent) reported on incremental LOS, with an average of 14.8 days (range 0.9-49 days). Costs were reported by 25 percent of studies, with average incremental costs of USD 3,460 (range 49-12,155). Average extra-mortality of 15.6 percent (range -2.8-45.2 percent) was reported by 12.6 percent of studies.ConclusionsAvailable evidence from the LAC Region reports significant economic burden of HAI. This information will be useful for cost-effectiveness analysis of interventions aimed at reducing HAI economic and health burden.