bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compared with two-stage revision, retained spacers have a similar infection-relief rate and a higher complication rate
Authors: Cai Yuanqing , Fang Xinyu , Lin Yi , Huang Zida , Zhang Chaofan , Li Wenbo , Zhang Wenming , Guan Zhenpeng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication for joint arthroplasty, there are many challenges in therapy. The treatment of PJI including surgery and systemic administration of antibiotics. As for surgery, two-stage revision is regarded as the “gold standard” for PJI treatment presently, in which antibiotic-impregnated spacers play an important role. However, some patients are unable to undergo reimplantation of the prosthesis after spacer implantation, this spacer, namely, “destination joint spacer”. The clinical outcomes of these patients remain unknown. The purpose of this research was to study the infection-relief rate and clinical outcome of these patients.Methods: From January 2006 to December 2017, data from PJI patients who underwent implantation with antibiotic-impregnated cement spacers in our center due to chronic PJI were collected retrospectively. Age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and laboratory test results were recorded, and the infection-relief rate and clinical outcomes were observed.Results: A total of 62 patients who were diagnosed with PJI were enrolled, with an age of 65.13 ±9.94 (39-88) years. There were 21 cases in the destination joint spacer group and 41 cases in the temporary spacer group (reimplantation of prosthesis after infection relief). The Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) in the destination joint spacer group was higher than that in the temporary spacer group. Our study showed that the infection-relief rate of destination joint spacers was similar to that of two-stage revision, but the incidence of complications was higher than that of two-stage revision, especially for the type I spacer used in this study.Conclusions: The infection-relief rate of destination joint spacers was similar to that of two-stage revision, but the complication rate was higher than that of two-stage revision (especially for the type I spacer).
Distinct methane-driven biogeochemical regimes in Arctic seafloor gas hydrate mounds
Authors: Klasek Scott , Hong Wei-Li , Torres Marta , Ross Stella , Hostetler Katelyn , Portnov Alexey , Grundger Friederike , Colwell Frederick 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Archaea mediating anaerobic methane oxidation are key in preventing methane produced in marine sediments from reaching the hydrosphere; however, a complete understanding of how microbial communities in natural settings respond to changes in methane flux remains largely uncharacterized. We investigate microbial communities in gas hydrate-bearing seafloor mounds at Storfjordrenna, offshore Svalbard in the high Arctic, where distinct methane flux regimes ranging from steady-state dynamics, recent increase in subsurface diffusive flux, and gas seepage were identified. Populations of anaerobic methanotrophs and sulfate-reducing bacteria were highest at the seep site, while a recent increase in methane influx was associated with decreased community diversity. Despite high methane fluxes and methanotroph doubling times estimated at 5-9 months, microbial community responses were largely synchronous with the advancement of methane into shallower sediment horizons. Together, these provide a framework for interpreting subseafloor microbial responses to methane escape in a changing Arctic.
Anti-Neuropathic Pain Activity of Ageratum conyzoides L due to the Essential Oil Components
Authors: Sukmawan Yedy Purwandi , Anggadiredja Kusnandar , Adnyana I Ketut 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Neuropathic pain is one of the contributors to the global burdens of illness.
At present many patients do not achieve satisfactory pain relief even with synthetic painkillers.
Taking this into consideration, it is necessary to search for natural product-derived alternative
treatment with confirmed safety and efficacy. Ageratum conyzoides L is a plant often used as
an analgesic in Indonesia, however, anti-neuropathic pain activity of this plant is still unknown.

Objective:
To determine the anti-neuropathic pain activity of the essential oil and non-essential oil
component (distillation residue) of A. conyzoides L.

Methods:
We conducted the separation of the essential oil component from other secondary
metabolites through steam distillation. Both components were tested for anti-neuropathic pain activity
using chronic constriction injury animal models with thermal hyperalgesia and allodynia tests.
The animals were divided into 7 test groups, namely normal, sham, negative, positive (pregabalin
at 0.195 mg/20 g BW of mice), essential oil component (100 mg/kg BW), and non-essential oil
component (100 mg/kg BW). Naloxone was tested against the most potent anti-neuropathic pain
component (essential oil or non-essential oil) to investigate the involvement of opioid receptors.

Results:
The GC-MS of the essential oil component indicated the presence of 60 compounds.
Meanwhile, non-essential oil components include alkaloid, flavonoid, polyphenol, quinone,
steroid, and triterpenoid. This non-essential oil component contained a total flavonoid equivalent to
248.89 ppm quercetin. The anti-neuropathic pain activity test showed significantly higher activity
of the essential oil component compared to the non-essential oil component and negative groups
(p<0.05). Furthermore, the essential oil component showed equal activity to pregabalin (p>0.05).
However, this activity was abolished by naloxone, indicating the involvement of the opioid receptor
in the action of the essential oil component.

Conclusion:
The essential oil component of A. conyzoides L is a potential novel substance for use
as anti-neuropathic pain.
Biosimilar Biologic Drugs: A Systematic Approach to Development, Manufacturing and Clinical Applications
Authors: Aziz-Andersen Kaiser Jay 
Published: November 2020

This publication addresses biosimilar biologic drugs development and future innovations. Emphasis is placed on quality system approaches to the development and availability of new biosimilar drug products presented in premarket applications. For approvals of new biosimilars, the sponsors of premarket applications must present analytical and biological characterization to demonstrate that a proposed biosimilar drug is highly similar to the licensed reference product. The premarket application protocol requires a sponsor to describe the biosimilar product’s PK/PD clinical data comparing its safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity to that of the licensed reference product. Emphasis is placed on Quality by Design (QbD), Validation, Verification, and c-GMP risk-based monitoring criteria. A brief discussion is presented on risk-benefit assessment that guides the clinical use of the new biosimilar drug product by providing patients organized data and appropriate labeling information in conformance with the new biosimilar drug’s intended clinical use.
Keywords: biosimilar biologic drugs, safety, efficacy and immunogenicity, Quality by Design (QbD)
Development and Validation of a Green Analytical Method for the Determination of Aspirin and Domperidone Bulk or Formulation Using UV and HPLC
Authors: Jagnade Sneha , Soni Pushpendra , Omray Lavakesh Kumar 
Published: November 2020

The aim of present study was to investigate the development and validation of a green analytical method for the determination of aspirin and domperidone. Method Development and Validation for Estimation of Domperidone and Aspirin in bulk or formulation by using RP-HPLC. The RP-HPLC method was developed for estimation of Aspirin and Domperidone in synthetic mixture by isocratically using 10 mM KH2PO4: Acetonitrile (20:80) as mobile phase, Prontosil C-18 column (4.6 x 250 mm, 5μparticle size) column as stationary phase and chromatogram was recorded at 231 nm. Then developed method was validated by using various parameters such as, linearity, Range accuracy, precision repeatability, intermediate precision, robustness, limit of detection, limit of quantification. The proposed methods were found to be linear with correlation coefficient close to one. Precision was determined by repeatability, Intermediate precision and reproducibility of the drugs. The robustness of developed method was checked by changing in the deliberate variation in solvent. The result obtained shows the developed methods to be Cost effective, Rapid (Short retention time), Simple, Accurate (the value of SD and % RSD less than 2), Precise and can be successfully employed in the routine analysis of these drugs in bulk drug as well as in tablet dosage form. The Simplicity, Rapidly and Reproducibility of the proposed method completely fulfill the objective of this research work.
Keywords: Asprin; Domperidone; HPLC; Ultra Violet; Validation
Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Estimation of Amlodipine Besylate and Celecoxib in Pharmaceutical Formulation
Authors: Nagamani P , Manjunath SY , Hemant Kumar T 
Published: November 2020

A simple, precise, accurate, and rapid reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method with UV-Visible detector has been developed and subsequently validated for the simultaneous determination of amlodipine besylate(AML) and celecoxib(CEL) in their combined tablet dosage form. The separation was based on the use of a Flowrosil C18 analytical column (250 × 4.6 mm, i.d., 5 µm). The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of 80 volumes of acetonitrile and 20 volumes of water. The chromatography was performed by isocratic elution at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Analytes were detected at 250 nm, with linear calibration curves at concentration ranges of 2-12 µg/ml and 50-300 µg/ml for AML and CEL respectively. The retention time of AML and CEL were 1.98 and 3.15 min respectively. The recoveries obtained were 99.46‒101.36% for AML, 99.57‒101.42% and 99.96–100.87 % for CEL. The method was validated according to International conference of harmonisation guidelines in terms of accuracy, precision, specificity, robustness, limits of detection and quantitation, and other aspects of analytical validation. The developed method was applied successfully for HPLC analysis of commercial pharmaceutical products including AML and CEL. Keywords: Amlodipine besylate; Celecoxib; RP-HPLC.
SGLT2 Inhibitors: A Noval Therapuetic Agent in the Treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Thasneem K.V. Musaina , Sreejith K. , Athulnadh B. , Maniyan Namitha , Neena Cherakkulath C , Faris P.P. Muhamed 
Published: November 2020

Sodium Glucose Co-transporter2 inhibitors are one of the latest anti diabetic drugs that are approved by USFDA. It include Dapagliflozin, Canagliflozin , Ipragliflozin,Empagliflozin, Tofogliflozin,and Luscogliflozin. They act by inhibiting tubular reabsorption of glucose in kidney and increasing urinary excretion of glucose. SGLT2 inhibitors reduce the workload of the proximal tubules and improve tubulointerstitial hypoxia, and allow fibroblasts to start normal erythropoietin production, and thereby exhibit renoprotection .These drugs have beneficial role in the reduction of HbA1c, cardiovascular risk factors and proteinuria. Use of SGLT2 inhibitor is contraindicated in patients with estimated GFR less than 30 mL/min or End stage renal failure Genitourinary infections are most common adverse effects associated with these drugs, predominantly in female.
Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic Nephropathy, Hyperfiltration, Natriuresis, Macroalbuminuria, Endothelial dysfunction, Intraglomerular filtration, ketoacidosis, amputations, apoptosis
Structural and Electronic Factors Governing the Action of Anticonvulsants
Authors: Lisgarten John N , Palmer Rex A 
Published: November 2020

A selection of eighteen anticonvulsant drug molecules has been subjected to both geometrical analysis and atomic charge calculation to search for a link between structure and activity. A significant consequence of this study is the discovery of a fused 5,6,7 chemical ring system which suggests that these drugs may interact with a receptor site which is its topological complement. Molecular orbital calculations support the observation that anticonvulsant activity appears to be related to the net atomic charge on a specific carbon atom which is central to the fused ring system.
Keywords: Anticonvulsant, lamotrigine, epilepsy, charge calculation.
Toward Using Tire-Road Contact Stresses in Pavement Design and Analysis
Authors: De Beer Morris , Maina James W. , van Rensburg Yvette , Greben Jan M. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT:
Optimization of road pavement design, especially close to the surface of the pavement, requires a more rational approach, which will inevitably include modeling of truck tire-road contact stresses. Various road-surfacing failures have been recorded as evidence that the traditional road pavement engineering tire model idealized by a single uniformly distributed vertical contact stress of circular shape may be inadequate to properly explain and assist in the design against road surface failures. This article therefore discusses the direct measurement of three-dimensional (3D) tire pavement contact stresses using a flatbed sensor system referred to as the “Stress-In-Motion” (SIM) system. The SIM system (or device) consists of multiple conically shaped steel pins, as well as an array of instrumented sensors based on strain gauge technology. The test surface is textured with skid resistance approaching that of a dry asphalt layer. Full-scale truck tires have been tested since the mid-1990s, and results show that 3D tire contact stresses are nonuniform and that the footprint is often not of circular shape. It was found that especially the vertical shape of contact stress distribution changes, mainly as a function of tire loading and associated tire inflation pressures. In overloaded/underinflated cases, vertical contact stresses are the highest toward the edges of the tire contact patch. Higher inflation pressures at lower loads, on the other hand, result in maximum vertical stresses toward the center portion of the tire contact patch. These differences in shape and magnitude need to be incorporated into modern mechanistic-empirical road pavement design tools. Four different idealized tire models were used to represent a single tire type to demonstrate effects of tire modeling on the road pavement response of a typical South African pavement structure incorporating a relatively thin asphalt surfacing. Only applied vertical stress was used for the analyses. It was found that the fatigue life of the road surface layer can be reduced by as much as 94% and strain energy of distortion be increased by a factor of 2.8, depending on the characteristics of the tire model input selected for road pavement design and analysis.
Investigations of Road Wear Caused by Studded Tires
Authors: Gültlinger Johannes , Gauterin Frank , Brandau Christian , Schlittenhard Jan , Wies Burkhard 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
The use of studded tires has been a subject of controversy from the time they came into market. While studded tires contribute to traffic safety under severe winter conditions by increasing tire friction on icy roads, they also cause damage to the road surface when running on bare roads. Consequently, one of the main challenges in studded tire development is to reduce road wear while still ensuring a good grip on ice. Therefore, a research project was initiated to gain understanding about the mechanisms and influencing parameters involved in road wear by studded tires.
A test method using the institute's internal drum test bench was developed. Furthermore, mechanisms causing road wear by studded tires were derived from basic analytical models. These mechanisms were used to identify the main parameters influencing road wear by studded tires. Using experimental results obtained with the test method developed, the expected influences were verified. Vehicle driving speed and stud mass were found to be major factors influencing road wear. This can be explained by the stud impact as a dominant mechanism. By means of the test method presented, quantified and comparable data for road wear caused by studded tires under controllable conditions can be obtained. The mechanisms allow predicting the influence of tire construction and variable operating conditions on road wear.
An Investigation into Wheel Sinkage on Soft Sand
Authors: Hathorn G. N. B. , Blackburn K. , Brighton J. L. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Sinkage is an empirically significant factor in vehicle performance as it can result in an immobile vehicle or significant environmental damage. Bernstein first proposed a pressure-sinkage relationship in 1913, and subsequent work by Janosi and Hanamoto and Hedegus concluded that longitudinal wheel slip also plays a role in sinkage. Shinone, Nakashima, Takatsu, Kasetani, and Matsukawa identified a linear relationship between slip and sinkage on a lightly loaded tire (980 N). In this study, the effects of vertical wheel load, longitudinal wheel slip ratio, and tire inflation pressure on wheel sinkage on loose sand were investigated to relate sinkage to a vehicular operating condition. The test program in this study was conducted using the Cranfield University Single Wheel Tester (SWT) on loose, desert-like sand in the Cranfield Off-Road Dynamics facility soil lane. The SWT uses a closed loop servo-controlled hydraulic actuator to actively control vertical wheel load and twin hydraulic motors to actively control wheel speed. The SWT apparatus is mounted on an independent prime mover tractor unit, which controls forward speed. True forward speed is continuously measured against a fixed reference point and used to calculate the required wheel speed in real time to give the desired slip profile. A series of controlled load tests were conducted using a Goodyear G90 tire on a dry desert sand material. Four discrete inflation pressures (0.69, 1.38, 2.07, and 2.76 bar [10, 20, 30, and 40 psi] and four vertical wheel loads (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 kN) were chosen to represent the operating range of the tire. Each test run consisted of a continuously decreasing sweep of longitudinal wheel slip ratio (the slip ratio was controlled to decrease linearly from 85% [driven] to −15% [braked]). Although a near-linear increase in sinkage was identified for wheel slip ratios greater than 10%, as Shinone et al. also found, the overall relationship between slip ratio and sinkage was found to be nonlinear.
Effectiveness of Tetrahedral Finite Elements in Modeling Tread Patterns for Rolling Simulations
Authors: Surendranath Harish 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Generating structured hexahedral finite element meshes on tread patterns is a challenging and laborious task due to the complex pattern geometry. However, creating good quality tetrahedral meshes on these geometries is relatively straightforward and can be fully automated. Despite the convenience and time saving, analysts have long avoided tetrahedral elements because of inadequate contact stress accuracy, which is critical for pattern wear prediction. Recent advances in contact formulation has vastly improved the accuracy of contact stresses predicted by tetrahedral meshes. This article presents a comparative study between the results predicted by tetrahedral and hexahedral meshes under slow rolling conditions. Comparisons are presented for footprint solution quantities such as contact stresses as well as global solution quantities such as residual aligning torque.
Tire Transient Lateral Force Generation: Characterization and Contribution to Vehicle Handling Performance
Authors: Wei Terence , Dorfi Hans R. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Tire force generation is often described in terms of a steady-state force response, which is considered independent of time and a function of the kinematic roll conditions such as slip angle. In addition to the steady-state response, the tire also exhibits a time-dependent transient force response, which in the lateral direction is a delay in the buildup of the cornering force. This delay is often characterized by the so-called tire relaxation length (RL) (Ly), a tire performance characteristic often thought to have a strong effect on handling performance. The definition and mechanistic interpretation of tire lateral RL is discussed, and different methods for measuring and interpreting lateral RL are compared. The measurement methods include different types of flat belt as well as static stiffness measurements. Because of different levels of measurement uncertainty, the repeatability and benefits of the different measurement methods are demonstrated. To determine the effect of including tire transient response in tire/vehicle system models, a handling study was performed. The study included a series of CarSim handling simulations with tires of different transient force and moment characteristics as well as an analysis of outdoor subjective handling ratings. The results show the relatively small contribution of tire transient characteristics to vehicle handling performance compared with the tire steady-state force response.
Efficient In-Plane Tire Mode Identification by Radial-Tangential Eigenvector Compounding
Authors: Tsinias Vasilis , Mavros George 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Tire modal testing is frequently used for validation of numerical tire models and identification of structural tire model parameters. Most studies focus primarily on in-plane dynamic tire behavior and adopt the approach of the fixed boundary condition at the wheel center. Here, an identification method of in-plane tire dynamics was developed for the case of a free tire-rim combination. This particular case is important when the aim is to construct a full tire model, capable of predicting ride and noise, vibration, and harshness involving the whole vehicle, all from modal testing. Key attributes of the proposed approach include ease of implementation and efficient processing of measurements. For each type of excitation, i.e., radial and tangential, both radial and tangential responses were recorded. Compounding of the corresponding radial/tangential eigenvectors, which, in the context of the present work, refers to expressing the motion of the tire belt as a combination of the radial and tangential responses, results in smooth mode shapes that were found to agree with those published in other analytical and experimental studies.
Modeling and Simulation of Vehicle Responses to Tire Blowout
Authors: Cai Yongzhou , Zang Mengyan , Duan Fuyao 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
The finite element (FE) model of a tire to simulate tire blowout is developed, the effectiveness of which is validated by the tire blowout test. Then, a simplified FE model of a vehicle that integrates the tire model is established. The vehicle responses to tire blowout are analyzed under the situation of no steering and braking behavior on the vehicle. Finally, some meaningful results, such as the trajectory, yaw velocity of the vehicle, and the forces acting on the tires, are obtained. This study provides the foundation to further investigate the handling stability and control strategy of a vehicle when a tire blowout occurs during normal vehicle operation.