bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting Need for Vasopressors in the Intensive Care Unit Using an Attention Based Deep Learning Model
Authors: Kwak Gloria Hyunjung , Ling Lowell , Hui Pan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundPrevious models on prediction of shock mostly focused on septic shock and often required laboratory results in their models. Database analyses often report only limited data pre-processing which may introduce significant bias into machine classifiers. The purpose of this study was to use deep learning approaches to predict vasopressor requirement for critically ill patients within 24 hours of ICU admission using only vital signs. Performance bias from relative missing data and inadequate matching was assessed. MethodsWe used data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III database and the eICU Collaborative Research Database to develop a vasopressor prediction model. We performed systematic data pre-processing using matching of cohorts, oversampling and imputation to control for bias, class imbalance and missing data. After pre-processing we used bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM), a multivariate time series model to predict the need for vasopressor therapy using serial physiological data collected 21 hours prior to prediction time. ResultsUsing data from 10,941 critically ill patients from 209 ICUs, our Bi-LSTM model achieved an initial area under the curve (AUC) of 0.96 (95%CI 0.96-0.96) to predict the need for vasopressor therapy in 2 hours within the first day of ICU admission. After matching to control class imbalance, the Bi-LSTM model had AUC of 0.83 (95%CI 0.82-0.83). Heart rate, respiratory rate and mean arterial pressure contributed most to the model amongst other serial physiological variables of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse oximetry and temperature. ConclusionsWe used Bi-LSTM to develop a model to predict the need for vasopressor for critically ill patients for the first 24 hours of ICU admission. With attention mechanism, respiratory rate, mean arterial pressure and heart rate were identified as key sequential determinants of vasopressor requirements. Although rigorous data pre-processing such as missing value analysis and class matching reduced predictive performance, it minimized bias in data and should be performed for database studies.
Estimation of Effective Reproduction Numbers for COVID-19 using Real-Time Bayesian Method for India and its States
Authors: Tyagi Rishabh , Dwivedi Laxmi Kant , Sanzgiri Ashutosh 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
WHO declared the outbreak of the novel Coronavirus, COVID-19, as a pandemic on 11th March. On 24th March, a three-week nation-wide lockdown has been announced, which is now extended till 31st May. Effective Reproduction Number (Rt) helps in understanding how effective preventive measures have been in controlling an outbreak. This study assesses the impact of nation-wide lockdown in slowing down the spread of the COVID-19 at the national and state level. An attempt has also been made to examine the important state-level factors responsible for the uneven distribution of Rt of COVID-19 across different states of India. Bayesian approach based on the probabilistic formulation of standard SIR disease transmission models have been employed assuming serial interval of 4 days and basic reproduction number (R0) of three. India’s Rt has declined from 1.81 (90% HDI: 1.64, 2.00) on 1st April to Rt =1.04 (90% HDI: 0.96, 1.13) on 9th May, after that it started increasing, and Rt =1.14 (90% HDI: 1.06, 1.21) was observed on 17th May. The value of Rt at the state level has shown significant variations. The testing rate had a significant impact in reducing the Rt at the state-level. The strategy of lockdown has contributed to containing the spread of the virus to some extent, but India still has a long way to go. Testing Rate is the most significant factor at state-level, as Testing and isolating patients sooner significantly reduces the disease spread.
Alterations in Gastric Microbial Communities are Associated with Risk of Gastric Cancer in a Korean Population: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Gunathilake Madhawa Neranjan , Lee Jeonghee , Choi Il Ju , Kim Young-Il , Kim Jihyun , Yoon Jae Kyung , Sul Woo Jun , Kim Jeongseon 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Although recent studies have reported the potential role of microbiome in GC, little is known about the microbial dysbiosis and their functions in GC. This study aimed to observe the associations between the alterations in gastric microbial communities and GC risk.Results: The study participants included 268 GC patients and 288 controls. DNA was extracted from gastric biopsies, and 16S rRNA gene analysis was performed to assign into bacterial taxa. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) was used to identify differentially abundant taxa and pathways. Compositionality corrected by renormalization and permutation (CCREPE) was applied to derive microbial dysbiosis index (MDI). Microbiota metabolic pathways were analyzed using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Observed States (PICRUSt) based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Based on LEfSe, Streptococcus_NCVM and Prevotella melaninogenica species were highly enriched in GC cases and controls, respectively. Those who are in the third tertile of Prevotella melaninogenica showed a significantly decreased risk of GC in total (odds ratio (OR): 0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.38-0.96, p-trend=0.071). In the cladogram, class Bacilli was phylogenetically enriched in GC cases while phylum Actinobacteria, class Actinobacteria were phylogenetically related in the controls. MDI was significantly higher for the GC cases compared to the healthy controls in the female population (p=0.002). Females, those who are in the third tertile of the MDI showed a significantly increased risk of GC (OR: 2.66, 95% CI: 1.19-5.99, p-trend=0.017; model II). There was a significant inverse correlation between MDI and Shannon index for the total population (R=-0.83, p<0.001). Secondary bile acid synthesis and biosynthesis of ansamycins pathways were highly abundant in cases and controls, respectively.Conclusion: There is a significantly higher MDI in GC cases than controls and further, MDI is significantly positively associated with GC risk in the female population. Biosynthesis of ansamycins is a critical function which is highly enriched in healthy controls. Further microbiome studies are needed to confirm the findings of the current study.
Upper respiratory tract infections and the immune system response. A review.
Authors: CICCHELLA ANTONIO 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose: the spreading of the COVID-19 epidemic raised a question on why very well trained, healthy, and young athletes have been infected. In this review, the emerging topic in the field of sport immunology has been studied with the aim to provide advice on how strengthening the immune system (IS) and how to help the recover after heavy effort and prevent upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) in athletes. Methods: a literature search was performed on available public scientific databases. Results: URTI, a common illness among heavy trained athletes, happens in the time frame of temporary depression of the IS following heavy training or competition. T cells has been identified as the main factor in the immune response to counteract the cascade mediators of inflammation. Life habits, environmental and psycho-social factors such as sleep loss and life stressors are the major causes of IS depression, and it emerge that there is an optimal training load exposure which reinforce the IS, while too low or too much training being detrimental. Conclusions: immunodepression in heavy trained athletes can be counteracted with a proper distribution of training loads, nutritional interventions, correction of lifestyle habits such as sleep hygiene, thermotherapy, and recovery techniques. Psycho-social interventions also seem to have a positive effect on reducing the post exercise inflammation and in boosting the IS response. Novel bioinformatic approaches can help to understand the IS response in athletes and the management of critical situations.
NUCKS1 Acts As A Promising Novel Bio-Marker in The Prognosis of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Xianfeng , Zhang Xianjun , Li Xinguo , Bao Hongbing , Li Guang , Li Ning , Li Hengli , Dou Jian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Nuclear casein kinase and cyclin-dependent kinase substrate 1 (NUCKS1) was over-expressed in some tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the clinical significance of NUCKS1 in HCC was still unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the expression and prognostic value of NUCKS1 in HCC. Methods: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the relative mRNA expression of NUCKS1 in HCC tissues and corresponding adjacent normal tissues. The relationship between NUCKS1 expression and clinical characteristics of patients was analyzed by c2 test. Kaplan-Meier method and cox regression analysis were applied to estimate the prognostic value of NUCKS1 in HCC. Results: Compared with normal tissues, the relative mRNA expression level of NUCKS1 was significantly up-regulated in HCC tissues (P < 0.001). And high NUCKS1 expression was closely associated with tumor differentiation, TNM stage, vascular invasion and metastasis (P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the overall survival of HCC patients with low expression of NUCKS1 was obviously longer than those with high NUCKS1 expression (log rank test, P = 0.001). NUCKS1 was an independent prognostic factor of HCC patients via univariate and multivariate cox regression analyses.Conclusions: NUCKS1 may be correlated with the progression of HCC and may serve as a potential factor for the prognosis of this disease.
Lipid Status and Linear Relationship Between Total Cholesterol and Triglycerides in Glycogen Storage Disease Type Ia
Authors: Zhang Zhenjie , Yuan Yuheng , Ma Mingsheng , Hong Yuehui , Sun Zhixing , Xu Yiwen , Qiu Zhengqing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Glycogen storage disease type Ia(GSDIa) is a glucose metabolic disorder disease. GSDIa patients are characterized by hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly, hyperlipidemia, and hyperlactacidemia. This study aims to review the lipid status, explore lipid treatment targets, and assess preferable lipid-lowering drugs.
Methods

Clinical data on GSDIa patients’ characteristics were collected. Diet control and raw cornstarch treatment were used to maintain normal blood glucose and lipid level. Some patients were given lipid-lowering drugs. We compared the lipid levels before and after each treatment.
Results

A total of 163 GSDIa patients were enrolled in this study. The lipid level was assessed 773 times. After treatment with raw cornstarch, TG level has significantly decreased by 30 ± 50%(P < 0.001). There was no change in TC level. Thirty patients regularly took atorvastatin or fibrates for more than one year. The therapeutic effect of atorvastatin was better than fibrates. The total cholesterol(TC) was positively correlated with TG after treatment, resulting in the following regression equation: TG = 1.63*TC-2.86.
Conclusion

Patients with GSDIa have significant abnormalities in blood lipid metabolism. We found that there was a linear correlation between TC and TG, which was TG = 1.63*TC-2.86. Because the complications of hyperlipidemia are caused mainly by TC, thereby, as long as the TC remains normal, we could set a TG target to allow a certain degree of hypertriglyceridemia. The bound of Chinese Children's TC normal level (5.18 mmol/L) was used in the established regression equation to obtain TG = 5.58 mmol/L. We, therefore, targeted to keep TG level below 5.58 mmol/L. This study found that the therapeutic effect of atorvastatin was better than fibrates.
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 induced posterolateral lumbar fusion in a mouse model
Authors: Chen Honfang , Guo Mingke , Du Lin , Han Chen , Tian Haijun , Zhao Changqing , Brochmann Elsa J , Murray Samuel S , Daubs Michael D , Wang Jeffrey C 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective: The goal of this study was to establish a rhBMP-2 induced posterolateral intertransverse lumbar fusion model in the mouse to serve as an acceptable substitute for models using larger animals, such as the rat, by defining the pertinent anatomy and establishing an effective dosing regimen in the mouse. Methods: Forty 10-week-old male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were randomized into five groups and were subjected to posterolateral lumbar fusion surgery at the L5-L6 level and received the following assigned treatment regimens: Group A: carrier collagen sponge only; Group B: 0.05μg rhBMP-2 on a collagen sponge; Group C: 0.15μg rhBMP-2 on a collagen sponge; Group D: 0.5μg rhBMP-2 on a collagen sponge; and Group E: 1.5μg rhBMP-2 on a collagen sponge. The study was ended at eight weeks post-operation and standard x-ray and micro-computed tomography imaging were performed in addition to histological examination of dissected spine specimens. Results: BMP-2 induced new bone at all dose levels in a dose-related manner. The mice implanted with rhBMP-2 at the dose of 0.5μg demonstrated more bone formation and a higher fusion rate compared to mice receiving lower doses. More abundant bone formation could be induced by higher dose regimen, which could also result in poorer bone quality. Conclusions: Posterolateral lumbar fusion at the L5-L6 level can be successfully accomplished in mice. The dose of 0.5μg of rhBMP-2 delivered on a collagen sponge appears to be the optimal regimen to produce the most satisfactory fusion results.
O suicídio: uma reflexão sobre medidas preventivas
Authors: Silva Camila Mazza da , Colucci Neto Victor 
Published: July 2020

No presente artigo serão trazidos à baila algumas questões relacionadas ao suicídio, sobretudo com relação aos métodos preventivos. Nesse contexto, será abordado o disposto pela OMS, que reconheceu o suicídio como sendo uma prioridade de saúde pública. Em decorrência, publicou em 2014 o primeiro Relatório Mundial de Suicídio da OMS “Prevenção do suicídio: um imperativo global”, cujo objetivo seria aumentar a conscientização sobre a importância da saúde pública para as tentativas de suicídio e suicídio, fazendo da prevenção ao suicídio uma alta prioridade na agenda global em termos de saúde pública. No mais, além do disposto pela OMS, será discorrido a respeito da prevenção ao suicídio sob a perspectiva da importância da família, salientando-se para o uso e influência das tecnologias, a busca pelo sentido da vida e a valorização da autoestima em crianças e adolescentes. Para tanto, será realizada pesquisa bibliográfica em livros, revistas, textos e artigos científicos.Descritores: Suicídio; Prevenção Controle; Saúde Pública.RferênciasGuia Intersetorial de Prevenção do Comportamento Suicida em Crianças E Adolescentes; 2019.Kovacs MJ. Morte e desenvolvimento humano. São Paulo: Casa do Psicólogo; 1992.Rocha GMA. Condutas autolesivas: uma leitura pela Teoria do Apego. Rev Bras Psicologia. 2015;2(01):62-70.OMS. Organização Mundial de Saúde. Prevenção do suicídio um recurso para conselheiros. Departamento de Saúde Mental e de Abuso de Substâncias. Gestão de Perturbações Mentais e de Doenças do Sistema Nervoso. Genebra; 2006.p.9-11.Durkheim E. O Suicídio. estudo de Sociologia. São Paulo: Martins Fontes; 2000.Franco M. Após experiências familiares, psicóloga vira 'suicidologista' para prevenir casos. Folha de S. Paulo, São Paulo, 29 out. 2018. Disponível em: https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/equilibrioesaude/2018/10/apos-experiencias-familiares-psicologa-vira-suicidologista-para-prevenir-casos.shtml. Acesso em: 02 fev. 2020.WHO. World Health Organization. Suicide. Geneva; 2019. Disponível em: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/suicide. Acesso em: 13 jan. 2020.WHO. World Health Organization. Comprehensive mental health action plan 2013–2020. Geneva; 2013. Disponível em: https://www.who.int/mental_health/action_plan_2013/en/. Acesso em: 13 jan. 2020.Botega NJ. Comportamento suicida: epidemiologia. Psicologia USP. 2014;25(3):231-36.Brasil. Ministério da Mulher, da Família e dos Direitos Humanos. O suicídio e a automutilação tratados sob a perspectiva da família e do sentido da vida. 2019. p. 1-42.Moraes, FT. Depressão em adolescentes cresce impulsionada por uso de redes sociais. Folha de S. Paulo, São Paulo, 5 nov. 2018. Disponível em: https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/equilibrioesaude/2018/11/depressao-em- adolescentes-cresce-impulsionada-por-uso-de-redes-sociais.shtml. Acesso em: 01 fev. 2020.University of Michigan Health System. Pediatricians update digital media recommendations for kids. ScienceDaily. 2016. Disponível em: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/10/161021093834.htm. Acesso em: 20 jan. 2020.
Prevención y erradicación del trabajo infantil en zonas floricultoras en Colombia: desafíos en la articulación institucional
Authors: Morales Rubiano María Eugenia , Duque Orozco Yenni Viviana , Ortiz Riaga María Carolina 
Published: July 2020

Los problemas como el trabajo infantil (TI) requieren asumir una visión de mediano y largo plazo, que conlleve a la formulación de estrategias consensuadas entre diversos actores y donde la institucionalidad públicoprivada acompañe los procesos. El objetivo del artículo es exponer los desafíos para prevenir y erradicar el TI de manera articulada a partir de las acciones actuales de: el sector privado (cultivos agremiados a Asocolflores), el gobierno local y la escuela en tres departamentos (21 municipios) de Colombia. La metodología tuvo un abordaje mixto que incluyó revisión documental (planes de desarrollo local), aplicación de encuestas y entrevistas a jefes de talento humano de cultivos, y entrevistas a funcionarios del gobierno local y colegios públicos del área de influencia. Se encontró que las empresas se concentran en el cumplimiento normativo y no involucran su cadena productiva en las acciones contra el TI, lo que genera riesgos que pueden afectar la reputación del colectivo; los colegios y el gobierno local interpretan y actúan según la normativa nacional, pero existe desarticulación entre las acciones de estos tres actores y las familias.
Optimization of backwash parameters for hollow fiber membrane filters used for water purification
Authors: Sangrola Shubham , Kumar Avinash , Nivedhitha S. , Chatterjee Jaideep , Subbiah Senthilmurugan , Narayanasamy Selvaraju 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Membrane backwash is one of the most widely used membrane regeneration techniques in large-scale desalination operations and water and wastewater treatment applications. It is necessary in order to enhance membrane life and is critical in managing the cost of pure water. The estimation of optimal backwash conditions is very important for improved hollow fiber membrane (HFM) operations. A unique feature in HFM backwash operations is the lumen side pressure drop, which leads to variation in backwash water flow across the fiber length. In this work, the effect of fiber diameter, membrane structural properties and backwash water pressure and temperature on flow distribution across the membrane length is studied for HFM modules. An analytical model for HFM backwash is developed, and model predictions are compared with measured backwash water flow variation over the fiber length. Experimental results show that the backwash flow variation over the fiber length is minimized by maintaining low backwash water pressure. Simultaneously, minimum backwash flux for effective cleaning may be achieved by increasing backwash water temperature. Homogeneous flow distribution during backwash improves backwash efficiency or forward flow rejuvenation, which can also be achieved by optimizing fiber diameter and membrane permeability. The validated mathematical model may be used for the optimization of backwash operating conditions and HF dimensions to achieve homogeneous backwash flow distribution across the membrane length.
Current Advances in Drug Delivery Systems for Capsule Endoscopy
Authors: Lyutakov Ivan , Penchev Plamen 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Oral administration of medications and current oral modified-release systems are the most
preferred drug delivery routes, but they provide efficacy up to 12-24 hours per administration and are not useful
when the patient has short transit time. The once-daily administered formulations are the endpoint of many types of
drug development, and some innovations in capsule endoscopy (CE) can solve this problem.

Objective:
This review aims to reveal recent advances in drug delivery systems (DDS) for CE as an essential field of
research for more precise drug targeting at the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

Methods:
We performed a narrative overview of the MEDLINE database from 1991-2020 using the keywords of
DDS and CE with synthesizing the findings, hand searches, and authoritative articles.

Results:
There are microelectromechanical systems and non-mechanical patent technologies for DDS for CE, and the
implementation of wireless-capsule medical devices into the human body will provide new diagnostic and therapeutic
options. Integrating biomedical CE with DDS and the cloud technology will bring remote real-time feedbackbased
automated treatment or responsive medication.

Conclusion:
Swallowable drug delivery systems for capsule endoscopy brings an entirely new approach for diagnostic
and therapeutic methods in digestive diseases.
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs): Nose-to-Brain Delivery and Theranostic Application
Authors: Ahmad Javed , Rizwanullah Md. , Amin Saima , Warsi Musarrat Husain , Ahmad Mohammad Zaki , Barkat Md. Abul 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are in high demand in the existing pharmaceutical
domain due to its high versatility. It is the newer generation of lipid nanoparticulate systems having a solid
matrix and greater stability at room temperature.

Objective:
To review the evidence related to the current state of the art of the NLCs system and its drug delivery
perspectives to the brain.

Methods:
Scientific data search, review of the current state of the art and drug delivery perspectives to the brain
for NLCs were undertaken to assess the applicability of NLCs in the management of neurological disorders
through an intranasal route of drug administration

Results:
NLCs are designed to fulfill all the industrial needs like simple technology, low cost, scalability, and
quantifications. Biodegradable and biocompatible lipids and surfactants used for NLCs have rendered them acceptable
from regulatory perspectives as well. Apart from these, NLCs have unique properties of high drug payload,
modulation of drug release profile, minimum drug expulsion during storage, and incorporation in various
dosage forms like gel, creams, granules, pellets, powders for reconstitution and colloidal dispersion. Ease of surface-
modification of NLCs enhances targeting efficiency and reduces systemic toxicity by providing site-specific
delivery to the brain through the intranasal route of drug administration.

Conclusion:
The present review encompasses the in-depth discussion over the current state of the art of NLCs,
nose-to-brain drug delivery perspectives, and its theranostic application as useful tools for better management
of various neurological disorders. Further, pharmacokinetic consideration and toxicity concern is also discussed
specifically for the NLCs system exploited in nose-to-brain delivery.