bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Вплив фітоценотичних умов на нагромадження деревини насадженнями за участю Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco у західному регіоні України
Authors: Debryniuk Iurii 
Published: April 2020

Pseudotsuga menziesii за відповідних режимів культивування у багатих свіжих і вологих типах лісорослинних умов є швидкорослим деревним видом, придатним для плантаційного лісовирощування.
У молодих насадженнях Західного Лісостепу до 25-30-річного віку псевдотсуга поступається за інтенсивністю росту ялині і особливо – модрині. Якщо в чистих культурах псевдотсуга росте за Іа-Іb класами бонітету, в дубово-дугласієвих – за Іа, в дугласієво-ялинових – за І, то в дугласієво-модриново-ялиновому – за ІІ класом бонітету. Після 35-річного віку псевдотсуга нарощує темпи росту і відставання її середніх таксаційних показників від таких у модрини та ялини зменшується.
Початкове розміщення дугласії в лісових культурах становить в межах 1,5 × 1,0 – 2,5 × 3,0 м за густоти 1,3-6,6 тис. шт.∙га-1 за різних варіантів поєднання з іншими породами. В останній час існує тенденція до створення рідких культур дугласії (2 × 2, 3,5 × 3,5 м і більше) з використанням відселекційованого садивного матеріалу.
В умовах D2-D3 на сірих (темно-сірих) лісових грунтах в добре аерованих місцеположеннях Pseudotsuga menziesii характеризується інтенсивним ростом, високою біотичною стійкістю, нагромаджуючи в 40-60-річному віці близько 600-800 м3∙га-1 стовбурової деревини.
При дослідженні інтенсивності росту різних форм дугласії за будовою кори не встановлено достовірної відмінності між цим показником. Однак, у процесі відбору матеріалу для створення плантаційних насаджень все ж таки перевагу варто надавати особинам зі слабо- та середньоборозенчастою корою як таким, в яких частка кори у загальному об’ємі стовбура є меншою.
У чистих насадженнях псевдотсуги в умовах свіжого груду початкову густоту під час створення плантаційних насаджень доцільно прийняти в межах 1,5-2,0 тис. шт.∙га-1 (з урахуванням ущільнювача загальна густота становить 6,6 тис. шт.∙га-1).
У вологих грудах інтенсивність росту псевдотсуги дещо вища, тому початкова густота породи повинна бути трохи меншою (1,0-1,5 тис. шт.∙га-1), а з урахуванням ущільнювача – 4,5-5,0 тис. шт.∙га-1.
Поширення та аналіз стану похідних ялинових деревостанів в Українських Карпатах
Authors: Lavnyy Vasyl , Pelyukh Oksana 
Published: April 2020

Встановлено негативний синергетичний вплив змін клімату та посилення антропогенного навантаження на стан, структуру та функціонування похідних ялинових деревостанів Українських Карпат. Аналіз таксаційних показників похідних ялинових деревостанів Українських Карпат засвідчив критичний стан цих лісових екосистем та їхні негативні наслідки для ведення лісового господарства підприємствами регіону досліджень. Загальна площа похідних ялинників на території Українських Карпат становить 126678,1 га із загальним запасом деревини 43032,5 тис. м3. Найбільшу площу похідні ялинові деревостани займають на території Івано-Франківської – 60514,8 га (47,8% від загальної площі похідних ялинових деревостанів), а найменшу у Чернівецькій області – 13155,1 га або 10,4%. Середній запас похідних ялинників становить 340 м3∙га-1. Серед типів лісу похідні ялинові деревостани на території Українських Карпат найчастіше трапляються у вологій смереково-буковій суяличині, де їхня площа становить 47537,3 га (37,5% від загальної площі похідних ялинових деревостанів). Значна кількість похідних ялинників зосереджена також у вологій смереково-буковій яличині ‒ 17761,2 га (14,0%). Поряд з цим, похідні ялинові деревостани відзначаються високою продуктивністю: найбільшу площу займають деревостани І класу бонітету – 89631 га або 70,8% від загальної площі.
Для вирішення проблеми всихання ялинових насаджень на території Українських Карпат рекомендовано здійснювати моніторинг лісових екосистем та інтегрувати у практику ведення лісового господарства засади наближеного до природи лісівництва. Зокрема, для підвищення біотичної стійкості, стабільності та біорізноманіття похідних ялинових деревостанів необхідно ширше застосовувати рубки переформування.
Изменчивость показателей семян сосны кедровой сибирской, произрастающей в разных лесорастительных районах Сибири
Authors: Matveeva Rimma , Butorova Olga , Dyrdin Sergiy , Tarasenko Iryna 
Published: April 2020

Приведены показатели семян сосны кедровой сибирской (Pinus sibirica Du Tour), произрастающей в разных лесорастительных районах Красноярского края и Иркутской области. Объектом исследований явились семена, заготовленные в насаждениях на территории 20 лесничеств. Шишки были собраны в насаждениях и на постоянных лесосеменных участках (ПЛСУ) в конце августа - начале сентября 2016 и 2018 годов. Семена хранились в складских помещениях в ящиках, мешках или россыпью. Исследования проводились с целью изучения массы, жизнеспособности, зрелости семян. Сопоставлены биометрические показатели семян и их посевные качества. Массу 1000 шт., жизнеспособность, класс качества семян определяли на лесосеменной станции Красноярского края. Биометрические показатели и зрелость семян определяли в СибГУ: зрелость устанавливали по заполнению зародышем семенного канала, выраженную в процентах. Размеры, масса семян, их жизнеспособность и зрелость отличались в зависимости от места сбора. Длина семян варьировала от 10,4 до 12,2 мм, ширина – от 7,8 до 9,8 мм, масса 1000 шт. – от 224,8 до 362,2 г, жизнеспособность составила 78-94 %, степень зрелости – 73,1-95,0 %. В 2018 г. масса 1000 шт. семян была больше на 17,9 %. Уровень изменчивости показателей семян в основном низкий и средний. Выделены насаждения, в которых семена имели наибольшие показатели: Назаровское, Козульское (Средне-Сибирский подтаежно-лесостепной район лесостепной зоны), Саяно-Шушенское, Верхне-Манское (Алтае-Саянский горно-таежный район Южно-сибирской горной зоны) лесничества. Установлена значительная и умеренная зависимость между размерами семян и их массой.
Heterologous immune responses in health and disease
Authors: Toptygina A. P. 
Published: April 2020

Immunological memory and tolerance represent major achievements and advantages of adaptive immunity. Organisms bearing adaptive immunity display prominent competitive advantages in the fight against infections. Memory immune cells are preserved for decades and are able to repel a second attack of an infectious agent. However, studies performed in the XXI century have shown that even unrelated pathogens may be quickly and effectively destroyed by memory cells. This type of response is called heterologous so that heterologous immune response is mainly typical to viral infections and other intracellular infections, where T-cells play a lead role in protection. This review will discuss various mechanisms involved in implementing T-cell cross-reactivity, describe molecular prerequisites for heterologous T-cell responses. Experimental evidence of memory T-cell potential to heterologous immune response in mouse models and in human infections are also discussed. Heterologous immune response is an important immune arm in adults and the elderly when the yield of naive cells to the periphery declines due to thymus involution. Along with obvious advantages, heterologous immune response leads to imbalanced memory T-cell repertoire, replacement of immunodominant epitopes with minor ones allowing viruses to evade immune response that results in virus persistence, or, conversely, fulminant infection course. Another threat of heterologous immune response due to switch in dominant repertoire of recognizable epitopes is presented by random self-epitope recognition, which can lead to development of autoimmune pathology. Heterologous immunity can also disrupt drug-induced tolerance in organ and tissue transplants and lead to graft rejection. Heterologous immune response should be taken into consideration while developing and using new vaccines, especially in adults and the elderly.
Innate immunity in coronavirus infection
Authors: Smirnov V. S. , Totolyan Areg A. 
Published: April 2020

Coronaviruses (CoVs) comprise a polymorphic group of respiratory viruses causing acute inflammatory diseases in domestic and agricultural animals (chicken, pig, buffalo, cat, dog). Until recently, this infection in humans was mainly observed during the autumn-winter period and characterized by a mild, often asymptomatic, course. The situation changed dramatically in 2003, when SARS outbreak caused by pathogenic CoV (SARS-CoV) was recorded in China. A decade later, a new CoV outbreak occurred in the form of the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV), whereas in December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) cases were recorded, which transformed within the first months of 2020 into the pandemic. In all three cases, CoV disease led to severe bronchopulmonary lesions, varying from dry, debilitating cough to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). At the same time, multiple changes in innate immunity were noted most often manifested as a pronounced inflammatory reaction in the lower respiratory tract, featured by damaged type II pneumocytes, apoptosis, hyalinization of alveolar membranes, focal or generalized pulmonary edema. Destructive processes in the respiratory tract were accompanied by migration of monocytes/macrophages and granulocyte neutrophils to the inflammatory focus. Such events were accompanied by production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which magnitude could ascend up to a cytokine storm. SARS-CoV is characterized by symptoms of secondary immunosuppression, manifested by the late onset of interferon production and activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes – the key inflammatory factor. The reason for such reaction may be accounted for by CoV arsenal containing extensive set of structural and non-structural proteins exerting pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Delayed IFN production allowed CoV to replicate actively and freely, and when type I IFN synthesis was eventually triggered, its activity was detrimental and accompanied by an aggravated infection course. Thus, SARS can surely be referred to immune-dependent infections with a marked immunopathological component. The purpose of this review was to describe some mechanisms underlying formation of innate immune response to infection caused by pathogenic coronaviruses SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).
Workplace violence against nurses at Minia district hospitals
Authors: Hassan Ebtesam Esmail , Amein Naglaa Mohammed , Ahmed Sanaa Mohmoud 
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Violence against nurses at the workplace is an alarming problem in both developed and developing countries affecting the quality of their work. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of external (patient initiated) and internal violence (initiated by staff members) against nurses and studying the violence-associated factors such as perpetrators, the attitude of nurses following aggression incidents, consequences, and impact on nurses and work.
Methods: A cross-sectional study included 385 nurses from three different hospitals in Minia district was agreed to participate in the study. These hospitals included Health Insurance Hospital, Minia University Hospitals (Minia University Gynecological, Obstetric, and Pediatric Hospital and Minia Renal Hospital), and Minia general hospital. The well-structured questionnaire covered four main domains; sociodemographics, lifetime working experience of violence, external and internal violence and its effects on work, the perpetrators of violence, and attitude of nurses following violent incidents.
Results: More than half of nurses (55.8%) were exposed to workplace violence during their working lifetime. Experiencing external violence (patient initiated) during the past year was significantly higher (57.4%) than the internal (staff initiated) type (33.5%). Verbal violence was the most common type of violence. Reporting violence incidents were done by 68.3% and 38.7% of the nurses who were exposed to external and internal violence, respectively.
Conclusion: Violence against nurses working in different health-care facilities at Minia district was prevalent and has a significant impact on nurses and their work.
Psychological assistance to patients after laryngectomy
Authors: Tkachenko G. A. , Podvyaznikov S. O. , Mudunov A. M. , Gusakova Е. V. 
Published: April 2020

The study objective is to assess the effectiveness of psychological support to patients with laryngeal cancer after laryngectomy. Materials and methods.This study included 36 male patients aged between 45 and 62 years with morphologically verified stage II–IV (Т3–4N0–2М0) laryngeal cancer treated in the Department of Head and Neck Tumors, N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology in 2011–2016. Patients were randomized into two groups. Group 1 included 14 patients who received antitumor therapy alone. Group 2 comprised 22 patients who additionally received psychological support. Patients’ mental state was assessed before treatment and 6 months after its completion using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Symptom Check List-90 Revised. Two patients from Group 1 and 1 patient from Group 2 were excluded from the study at the first stage. Results. We found that patients in both groups had severe psychopathological symptoms (including depression, interpersonal sensitivity, and severe distress) six month after treatment completion (according to the Symptom Check List-90 Revised). Patients who received psychological support demonstrated higher level of depression than healthy controls, but it was still significantly lower than that in patients who received no psychological assistance. Similar results were obtained by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale: patients who received psychological support had significantly lower level of depression than patients who had no psychological support (8.3 ± 0.9 vs 10.2 ± 0.6 points respectively). Conclusion. Patients with laryngeal cancer who received psychological assistance (including cognitive behavioral psychotherapy) demonstrated significantly lower level of depression 6 months after treatment completion compared to those who received no psychological support.
Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy in patients with head and neck tumors: literature review and institutional experience
Authors: Alymov Yu. V. , Mudunov A. M. , Podvyaznikov S. O. , Margolin G. 
Published: April 2020

Introduction. Patients with head and neck tumors are often require tracheostomy. This procedure represents complex surgical manipulation and is associated with risk of certain complications, including life-threatening. The study objective is to essess the results of percutaneous tracheostomy with the new SafeTrach technique. Materials and methods. The study included 21 patients. All patients had a tracheostomy performed using the SafeTrach technique. Results. Mean duration of tracheostomy with SafeTrach technique was 11.8 ± 3.4 minutes independently of patients’ body mass index or previous treatment (correlation coefficients r = 0.08, p = 0.7 and r = 0.08, p = 0.73, respectively). Among all possible complications of tracheostomy only 1 (4.7 %) case of bleeding in postoperative period was noted in our study. Conclusion. The SafeTrach technique combines all the benefits of open and percutaneous tracheostomy. It is characterized by simplicity, it does not require endoscopic control, that indicates the feasibility of its widespread implementation.
Free radial forearm flap for reconstruction of postoperative defects in combined and complex treatment of patients with locally-advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity
Authors: Chen H. , Mudunov A. M. , Azizian R. I. , Pustynskiy I. N. , Saprina O. A. , Bolotin M. V. 
Published: April 2020

The study objectiveis to assess immediate and long-term results of replacing complex defects with a free radial forearm flap in the multimodal treatment of patients with locally advanced oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.Materials and methods.Twenty eight patients (20 women and 8 men aged 23 to 71 years) with locally advanced oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (including 10 buccal cancers, 8 carcinomas of tongue, 6 carcinomas of the floor of the mouth, 2 retromolar area carcinomas, 1 carcinoma of the hard palate and 1 carcinoma of alveolar region of the lower jaw) underwent tumor surgery with simultaneous plastic reconstruction of the defect using radial forearm free flap at the department of head and neck tumors of N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology within 2010–2018. Primary tumors were detected in 2 patients and 11 patients had residual (n = 7) or recurrent (n = 4) tumors after radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy.Results.An overall success rate was 96.4 %. Postoperative histology revealed that there were no tumor cells at the resection edges. Postoperative complications included: complete flap necrosis in 1 patient with severe concomitant diseases, marginal flap necrosis in 2 patients (in both cases after the necrotic tissue had rejected, wounds were healed by secondary intention), sural veins thrombosis in 1 patient, acute peptic ulcer bleeding on the 6th day after surgery in 1 patient treated with emergency endoscopic hemostasis. No lethal outcomes were reported. Postoperative period lasted in average 14 days. Upon subsequent observation tumor relapse in the oral cavity occurred in 4 (14.3 %) patients, relapses of regional metastases – in 2 (7.1 %). Good aesthetic and functional results were noted. Adequate restoration of breathing, chewing, swallowing and speaking resulted in a full patients’ rehabilitation. In all cases, the radial flap adapted well to the oral cavity organs and corresponded to the surrounding tissues in thickness and consistency.Conclusion.Use of a radial forearm free flap makes it possible to successfully reconstruct extensive and complex defects after surgery of locally advanced primary and recurrent forms of oral cavity squamous cell cancer of various locations. Due to flap’s high regenerative capabilities, preoperative radiation therapy does not affect the frequency of local complications. It allows restoring vital functions of the oral cavity and achieving good aesthetic and functional results.
Glyciphon ointment for local treatment of basal cell cancer: clinical and pharmacological aspects
Authors: Podvyaznikov S. O. , Mudunov A. M. , Ignatova A. V. , Vasilkin D. A. , Anisimov A. N. , Shchennikov P. I. 
Published: April 2020

Introduction.Basal cell cancer (BCC) accounts for up to 80 % of all types of non-melanoma skin cancers. In 97 % of cases, BCC develops on bare facial skin, especially at the nose-forehead border, nose wings, corners of eyes and lips. Surgery can lead to gross cosmetic defects, therefore more and more specialists prefer conservative methods, among which local drug therapy holds a special place.The study objectiveis to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of glyciphon ointment for BCC local treatment as well as the economic costs.Materials and methods.The study included 114 patients who underwent BCC local drug therapy with 30 % Glyciphon ointment, where 111 (97.4 %) patients had primary BCC, and 3 (2.6 %) ones – recurrent BCC.Results.The study recorded 115 cases of use of glyciphon ointment in 114 patients. Doctors were fully satisfied with the treatment results in 101 (88.6 %) cases. In 11 (9.6 %) cases, satisfaction was partial due to severe adverse events (edema and hyperemia of the facial skin, pain), and in 2 (1.7 %) cases the treatment was found unsatisfactory. Eighty-six (93.5 %) patients with adverse events continued Glyciphon ointment therapy. The relapse rate after local drug therapy was 4.4 %, indicating its high efficacy and good tolerance. According to the study, most patients required 1 treatment course with 1 package of Glyciphon. Total cost of the treatment is approximately 17,000 rubles. Total budget expenditures are estimated at 1 billion 190 million rubles. Local BCC therapy with Glyciphon comparing to surgery may save more than 1 billion rubles for the state budget.Conclusion.Local chemotherapy with 30 % Glyciphon ointment is an effective and safe method to treat BCC. Its use increases treatment availability for patients and can significantly reduce federal expenditures.
Logística Reversa: uma Análise a Cerca dos Canais de Pós-Venda no Processo de Recall
Authors: De Toledo Marçal Pontes , De Almeida Daiane Silva , Santos Caique da Silva , De Santana Luan Santos , Santos Matheus Dorea , Freire Thiago Espindola 
Published: April 2020

Este artigo abordará a logística reversa de pós-venda a partir da análise dos seus canais de atendimentos no processo de Recall de montadoras nacionais. Para tanto, tem-se como objetivo comparar a partir dos dados disponíveis pelas próprias montadoras em seus sites, e demais mídias, os sistemas de atendimento e distinguir sua eficiência em relação ao tempo de espera. E esta pesquisa partiu do método exploratório, onde buscou-se compreender e familiarizar-se com os principais conceitos ligados a logística reversa, pós-venda e Recall, e também descritiva, que a partir de procedimentos bibliográficos, obteve-se dados referente ao quantitativo de vendas por montadoras, chamadas de Recall e respectivas reclamações. Para análise e distinção da eficiência no atendimento, foram analisadas três montadoras líder de vendas no mercado automotivo em 2017, das quais fez-se uma observação dos seus canais de comunicação e também se contabilizou, numa simulação de atendimento, ou seja, o tempo aguardado de resposta nos diversos meios disponíveis. Dos quais ficou evidente que as montadoras analisadas tiveram resultados satisfatórios e equitativo. Palavra-chave: Logística Reversa. Pós-Venda. Recall. AbstractThis article will address the reverse logistics of after sales from the analysis of its channels of attendance in the Recall process of national automakers. To do so, it aims to compare the data available by the automakers themselves on their websites, and other media, the service systems and distinguish their efficiency in relation to the waiting time. And this research was based on the exploratory method, where it was sought to understand and familiarize itself with the main concepts related to reverse logistics, aftermarket and Recall, and also descriptive, that from bibliographic procedures, data were obtained referring to the quantitative of sales by assemblers, recall calls and respective claims. In order to analyze and distinguish the efficiency of service, three automotive sales leaders in the automotive market were analyzed in 2017, of which an observation was made of their communication channels and also was counted in a service simulation, that is, the time awaited response in the various means available. Of which it was evident that the assemblers analyzed had satisfactory and equitable results. Keyword: Reverse Logistic. After Sales. Recall.
Composición química del aceite esencial de hojas de Myrcianthes rhopaloides (Kunt) MCVAUGH (Myrtaceae)
Authors: Silva Carrero Diego Alejandro , Matulevich Peláez Javier A. , Devia Castillo Beatriz Ofelia 
Published: April 2020

A partir de hojas frescas de Myrcianthes rhopaloides (Kunt) McVaugh, (arrayán) fueron extraídos los aceites esenciales, por destilación con arrastre de vapor. La caracterización del aceite se llevó a cabo por cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas (CG-EM), comparación de los índices de retención y los espectros de masas reportados en la literatura. Un 72.5 % de los compuestos fueron identificados, entre los que se encuentran 11 monoterpenos (27.5 %), 9 monoterpenos oxigenados (22.5 %), 7 sesquiterpenos (17.5 %) y 2 sesquiterpenos oxigenados (5 %) siendo el citronelal el monoterpeno de mayor abundancia en el aceite con un 27.3 % dentro de la composición del aceite. Estos resultados contribuyen al conocimiento de los componentes volátiles en especies nativas y constituyen un aporte a la fitoquímica de Myrcianthes rhopaloides.