bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term treatment of bipolar disorder type I: A systematic and critical review of clinical guidelines with derived practice algorithms
Authors: Verdolini Norma , Hidalgo‐Mazzei Diego , Del Matto Laura , Muscas Michele , Pacchiarotti Isabella , Murru Andrea , Samalin Ludovic , Aedo Alberto , Tohen Mauricio , Grunze Heinz , Young Allan H. , Carvalho André F. , Vieta Eduard 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis systematic review aimed at providing a critical, comprehensive synthesis of international guidelines’ recommendations on the long‐term treatment of bipolar disorder type I (BD‐I).MethodsMEDLINE/PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched from inception to January 15th, 2019 following PRISMA and PICAR rules. International guidelines providing recommendations for the long‐term treatment of BD‐I were included. A methodological quality assessment was conducted with the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation‐AGREE II.ResultsThe final selection yielded five international guidelines, with overall good quality. The evaluation of applicability was the weakest aspect across the guidelines. Differences in their updating strategies and the rating of the evidence, particularly for meta‐analyses, randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies, could be responsible of some level of heterogeneity among recommendations. Nonetheless, the guidelines recommended lithium as the ‘gold standard’ in the long‐term treatment of BD‐I. Quetiapine was another possible first‐line option as well as aripiprazole (for the prevention of mania). Long‐term treatment should contemplate monotherapy, at least initially. Clinicians should check regularly for efficacy and side effects and if necessary, switch to first‐line alternatives (i.e. Valproate), combine first‐line compounds with different mechanisms of action or switch to second‐line options or combinations.ConclusionsThe possibility to monitor improvements in long‐term outcomes, namely relapse prevention and inter‐episode subthreshold depressive symptoms, based on the application of their recommendations is an unmet need of clinical guidelines. In terms of evidence of clinical guidelines, there is a need for more efficacious treatment strategies for the prevention of bipolar depression.
Biallelic loss‐of‐function HACD1 variants are a bona fide cause of congenital myopathy
Authors: Abbasi‐Moheb Lia , Westenberger Ana , Alotaibi Maha , Alghamdi Malak Ali , Hertecant Jozef L. , Ariamand Amir , Beetz Christian , Rolfs Arndt , Bertoli‐Avella Aida M. , Bauer Peter 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCongenital myopathies include a wide range of genetically determined disorders characterized by muscle weakness that usually manifest shortly after birth. To date, two different homozygous loss‐of‐function variants in the HACD1 gene have been reported to cause congenital myopathy. We identified three patients manifesting with neonatal‐onset generalized muscle weakness and motor delay that carried three novel homozygous likely pathogenic HACD1 variants. The two of these changes (c.373_375+2delGAGGT and c.785‐1G>T) were predicted to introduce splice site alterations, while one is a nonsense change (c.458G>A). The clinical presentation of our and the previously reported patients was comparable, including the temporally progressive improvement that seems to be characteristic of HACD1‐related myopathy. Our findings conclusively confirm the implication of HACD1 in the pathogenesis of congenital myopathies, corroborate the main phenotypic features, and further define the genotypic spectrum of this genetic form of myopathy. Importantly, the genetic diagnosis of HACD1‐related myopathy bears impactful prognostic value.
European Academy of Neurology/European Alzheimer’s Disease Consortium position statement on diagnostic disclosure, biomarker counseling, and management of patients with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Frederiksen Kristian Steen , Nielsen T. Rune , Winblad Bengt , Schmidt Reinhold , Kramberger Milica G. , Jones Roy W. , Hort Jakub , Grimmer Timo , Georges Jean , Frölich Lutz , Engelborghs Sebastiaan , Dubois Bruno , Waldemar Gunhild 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and purposeCareful counseling through the diagnostic process and adequate postdiagnostic support in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is important. Previous studies have indicated heterogeneity in practice and the need for guidance for clinicians.MethodsA joint European Academy of Neurology/European Alzheimer’s Disease Consortium panel of dementia specialists was appointed. Through online meetings and emails, positions were developed regarding disclosing a syndrome diagnosis of MCI, pre‐ and postbiomarker sampling counseling, and postdiagnostic support.ResultsPrior to diagnostic evaluation, motives and wishes of the patient should be sought. Diagnostic disclosure should be carried out by a dementia specialist taking the ethical principles of “the right to know” versus “the wish not to know” into account. Disclosure should be accompanied by written information and a follow‐up plan. It should be made clear that MCI is not dementia. Prebiomarker counseling should always be carried out if biomarker sampling is considered and postbiomarker counseling if sampling is carried out. A dementia specialist knowledgeable about biomarkers should inform about pros and cons, including alternatives, to enable an autonomous and informed decision. Postbiomarker counseling will depend in part on the results of biomarkers. Follow‐up should be considered for all patients with MCI and include brain‐healthy advice and possibly treatment for specific underlying causes. Advice on advance directives may be relevant.ConclusionsGuidance to clinicians on various aspects of the diagnostic process in patients with MCI is presented here as position statements. Further studies are needed to enable more evidence‐based and standardized recommendations in the future.
Progress and challenges in eliminating illegal fishing
Authors: Vince Joanna , Hardesty Britta Denise , Wilcox Chris 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIllegal fishing is a widespread, global phenomenon that is affecting already heavily depleted wild fish stocks, threatening marine habitats and contributing to marine pollution through discarded fishing gear. Many different measures have been implemented by nation states to deter and prevent illegal fishing. These include coastal surveillance and policing, policies and regulation, and education. In this paper, we examine the case of Australia through an analysis of regulative arrangements, policies and guidelines that form the governance framework to better understand the changing seascape of illegal fishing. We argue that joint efforts with neighbouring states such as Indonesia and regional fisheries management authorities have contributed to a decrease in illegal fishing in and around the Australian EEZ. Finally, we discuss current and future challenges, opportunities, recent advancements and technological approaches for reducing illegal fishing around the world.
The price of motherhood in the Irish film and television industries
Authors: O'Brien Anne , Liddy Susan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study describes the gendered challenges that mothers face when working in Irish film and television industries. Data were derived from a snowball sample of 44 mothers located in multiple genres of film and television production. The key findings are first, there is a systemic bias against mothers, not just a gender bias against them as women but an additional and more specific bias against them as mothers; second, there is evidence that mothers internalize the marginalization that comes from their maternal status. Many of the respondents accepted the inequality and maternal penalty they experienced as inevitable and “the way it is” and so made no demands that the industry change; and third, many mothers described various adaptations that help them to sustain their working lives, but they were rarely supported in those adaptations by the screen production industry. The impact and consequences of maternal inequality need to be examined and addressed further by industry in order to better include the voices of mothers in cultural productions.
A gendered pandemic: Childcare, homeschooling, and parents' employment during COVID‐19
Authors: Petts Richard J. , Carlson Daniel L. , Pepin Joanna R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has dramatically affected employment, particularly for mothers. Many believe that the loss of childcare and homeschooling requirements are key contributors to this trend, but previous work has been unable to test these hypotheses due to data limitations. This study uses novel data from 989 partnered, US parents to empirically examine whether the loss of childcare and new homeschooling demands are associated with employment outcomes early in the pandemic. We also consider whether the division of childcare prior to the pandemic is associated with parents' employment. For parents with young children, the loss of full‐time childcare was associated with an increased risk of unemployment for mothers but not fathers. Yet, father involvement in childcare substantially buffered against negative employment outcomes for mothers of young children. For parents with school‐age children, participation in homeschooling was associated with adverse employment outcomes for mothers but not fathers. Overall, this study provides empirical support for the current discourse on gender differences in employment during the pandemic and also highlights the role fathers can play in buffering against reduced labor force participation among mothers.
Gastrointestinal adverse reactions reduce the success rate of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy: A multicenter prospective cohort study
Authors: Kakiuchi Toshihiko , Matsuo Muneaki , Endo Hiroyoshi , Sakata Yasuhisa , Esaki Motohiro , Noda Takahiro , Imamura Ichiro , Hashiguchi Kazutoshi , Ogata Shinichi , Fujioka Yasuhiko , Hanada Keiichiro , Fukuda Kayoko , Yoshimura Masaya , Kajiwara Tetsuro , Yamamoto Kentaroh , Yamaguchi Daisuke , Kawakubo Hiroharu , Akashi Taro , Sumino Michihiro , Matsunaga Keiji , Muro Eriko , Kuwahara Atsuo , Taniguchi Kazuto , Fukuyama Koji , Watanabe Akira , Takamori Ayako , Okuda Masumi , Yamanouchi Kohei , Fujimoto Kazuma 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe screening and treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection for all junior high students in Saga Prefecture, Japan, were started in 2016. The present study aims to evaluate the influence of adverse reactions on the success of the eradication therapy.MethodsFrom 2017 to 2019, 25,006 third‐grade junior high school students were tested for urinary anti‐H. pylori antibodies. Positive cases were confirmed by H. pylori stool antigen tests. Of the 531 students who were found to be H. pylori‐positive, 390 (358 in first‐line and 32 in second‐line therapy) underwent eradication therapy, and 274 (242 in first‐line and 32 in second‐line) students actually completed a self‐reported form to rate stool consistency (based on the Bristol Stool Scale), the maximum number of bowel movements, and abdominal symptoms during the 7 days of treatment.ResultsAmong the 274 students, the total of primary and secondary eradication success rates was 87% (95% confidential interval: 82.9–90.1) in intention‐to‐treat analysis. On days 4, 5, and 6, stool consistency was looser in the primary eradication failure group than in the success group (p < .05). Looser stool consistencies were observed in male students with abdominal pain compared to those who did not experience pain (p < .05). Abdominal pain and diarrhea were detected in 28.5% and 42.7% of the subjects, respectively. The overall incidence of other adverse events was low (n = 8/274, 2.9%), and only two students discontinued treatment because of adverse events.ConclusionsSoftening of the stool was related to the eradication failure in the junior high school students, especially in males with abdominal pain. Adverse effects did not induce discontinuation of the eradication treatment.
Specificity of serum amyloid A as a biomarker of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Vietri Lucia , d'Alessandro Miriana , Bergantini Laura , Carleo Alfonso , Cameli Paolo , Mazzei Maria Antonietta , Sestini Piersante , Bargagli Elena 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSerum amyloid A (SAA) is an apo‐lipoprotein produced by the liver in response to proinflammatory cytokines. Few data are available on SAA levels in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the most common idiopathic form of interstitial pneumonitis (ILD). This study compared SAA concentration in IPF patients to other ILD groups to explore its potential use as a clinical biomarker.
Industry payments to hospitalist physicians: a 5‐year analysis of the Open Payments programme from 2014 to 2018
Authors: Pakanati Krishna C. , Siddamreddy Suman , Nalleballe Krishna , Thombre Vaishali , Sheng Sen , Veerapaneni Karthika , Yadala Sisira , Kapoor Nidhi , Dandu Vasuki , Avula Akshay , Meegada Sreenath , Bere Praveen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe analysed Open Payments programme data (https://openpaymentsdata.cms.gov) on industry‐to‐physician payments to hospitalists for the years 2014 to 2018. Payments to hospitalists increased by 106.5% from 2014 to 2018 with food and beverage (38.5%) and compensation for services other than consulting (24.3%) being the highest‐paid categories. Industry payment to hospitalists was highly skewed with top 10 hospitalists receiving more than 30% of the total payments during the study period. The most common drugs associated with payments were anticoagulant medications (apixaban and rivaroxaban). Industry seems to be spending a significant amount of money to increase awareness of medications among hospitalists. Identification of these trends and potential motives of industry spending is critical to address any potential physician bias.
Regulatory B cells in cancer
Authors: Michaud Daniel , Steward Colleen R. , Mirlekar Bhalchandra , Pylayeva‐Gupta Yuliya 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTumorigenesis proceeds through discrete steps where acquisition of genetic lesions and changes in the surrounding microenvironment combine to drive unrestricted neoplastic proliferation and metastasis. The ability of tumor‐infiltrating immune cells to promote tumor growth via the provision of signals that enable tumor cell survival and proliferation as well as contribute to immune suppression is an active area of research. Recent efforts have provided us with mechanistic insights into how B cells can positively and negatively regulate immune responses. Negative regulation of immune responses in cancer can be mediated by regulatory B cells and is often a result of increased production of cytokines that can directly and indirectly affect anti‐tumor immune function and cancer cell growth. Signals that lead to the expansion of regulatory B cells and the spectrum of their functional roles are not well understood and are the subject of active research by many groups. Here, we elaborate broadly on the history of regulatory B cells in cancer and summarize recent studies that have established genetic models for the study of regulatory B cell function and their potential for therapeutic intervention in the setting of solid cancers.
Effect of pulsed vacuum and laser microperforations on the potential acceleration of chicken meat marination
Authors: Ramírez Natalia , Vega‐Castro Oscar , Simpson Ricardo , Ramirez Cristian , Nuñez Helena 
Published: December 2020

AbstractChicken meat marination has become a fundamental process in the poultry industry since it provides a product with better sensory attributes. The objective of this study was to examine the effect ofCO2laser microperforation coupled with vacuum impregnation treatment on the marination processing time of chicken breasts and to mathematically analyze the marinade diffusion process using Fick's second law and an anomalous diffusion model. Cylindrical cuts of unmarinated chicken meat wereCO2‐laser microperforated with pores of 228 μm and marinated under vacuum pressure (15 kPa) with NaCl (3% wt/wt) and sodium tripolyphosphate (1% wt/wt) during 60 hr at6 ° C. The chicken:brine ratio was 1:11 wt/wt. Mass gain, moisture content, and salt concentration were determined over time; furthermore, effective diffusion coefficient (Deff) was obtained using Fick's second law and anomalous diffusion models. Marinade diffusion into chicken cuts was favored by microperforation combined with vacuum pulses, reduction processing time in 34%. TheDeffranged between1.46 × 10−10and2.08 × 10−10m2/sfor Fick's second law and between2.27 × 10−10and4.23 × 10−10m2/sαfor anomalous diffusion model, withα−values close to 1. In conclusion, the results showed no significant difference between the models, which was attributed to the homogeneity of the chicken tissue.Practical ApplicationsChicken meat marination has become a fundamental process in the poultry industry since it provides a product with better sensory attributes and shelf life than unmarinated chicken meat. Nevertheless, marination is a process that requires a long processing time to obtain a specified salt content in the meat. In this sense, laser microperforation of the meat is a treatment that when coupled with vacuum impregnation, can accelerate the marinating process of poultry meat. When simultaneously applying both technologies, the processing time was reduced by 6 hr compared with the control (almost 34%), which will allow a significant increase in plant productivity.
Socio‐demographic predictors of uptake of a virtual group weight management program during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Abbott Sally , Parretti Helen M. , Hazlehurst Jonathan , Tahrani Abd A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has had a significant adverse impact on the delivery of weight management programmes (WMPs), in order to ensure the safety of patients and healthcare professionals. Videoconferencing could provide safe remote access to group WMPs during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The objectives of this study were to determine the uptake of a virtual group WMP and its predictors.MethodsAll patients enrolled on a face‐to‐face group WMP, which constitutes part of a Tier 3 WMP delivered by the NHS, at the time of the COVID‐19 pandemic lockdown were invited to transfer to a virtual format of the group WMP. Baseline data included weight, BMI, age, gender, ethnicity and Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) quintile score. The outcomes were accept/decline transfer to the virtual group WMP. Logistic regression was performed to assess for predictors of uptake.ResultsThe 315 participants were included, of which 72.1% (n = 227) accepted. After adjusting for gender, deprivation and BMI; older patients (OR 0.966, [95% CI 0.944, 0.989]; p = 0.003) and Black, Asian and Minority Ethnicity (BAME) patients (OR 0.460 [95% 0.248, 0.851]; p = 0.023) were less likely to accept the virtual group WMP.ConclusionStrategies aimed at improving uptake of group WMP among BAME and older adult groups are needed, particularly considering the increased risk of severe COVID‐19 in these two groups, and the links between obesity and poor COVID‐19 outcomes.
FUS regulates autophagy by mediating the transcription of genes critical to the autophagosome formation
Authors: Arenas Alexandra , Kuang Lisha , Zhang Jiayu , Kingren Meagan S. , Zhu Haining 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFused in sarcoma (FUS) is a ubiquitously expressed RNA/DNA‐binding protein that plays different roles in the cell. FUS pathology has been reported in neurodegenerative diseases amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Mutations in FUS have also been linked to a subset of familial ALS. FUS is mainly localized in the nucleus although it shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. ALS‐linked mutations cause the accumulation of the FUS protein in cytoplasm where it forms stress granule‐like inclusions. The protein‐ and RNA‐containing inclusions are reported to be positive of autophagosome markers and degraded by the autophagy pathway. However, the role of FUS in the autophagy pathway remains to be better understood. Using immunoblot and confocal imaging techniques in this study, we found that FUS knockout (KO) cells showed a decreased basal autophagy level. Rapamycin and bafilomycin A1 treatment showed that FUS KO cells were not able to initiate autophagy as efficiently as wild‐type cells, suggesting that the autophagosome formation is affected in the absence of FUS. Moreover, using immunoblot and quantitative PCR techniques, we found that the mRNA and protein levels of the genes critical in the initial steps of the autophagy pathway (FIP200, ATG16L1 and ATG12) were significantly lower in FUS KO cells. Re‐expressing FUS in the KO cells restored the expression of FIP200 and ATG16L1. Our findings demonstrate a novel role of FUS in the autophagy pathway, that is, regulating the transcription of genes involved in early stages of autophagy such as the initiation and elongation of autophagosomes.
image
Benefits of fractional radiofrequency treatment in patients with atrophic acne scars ‐ Literature review
Authors: Cucu Cristina , Butacu Alexandra‐Irina , Niculae Bogdan‐Dimitrie , Tiplica George‐Sorin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveAcne scars carry a huge physical and psychological impact on people. This article aims to evaluate the role of fractional radiotherapy in treatment of atrophic acne scars. The main objective includes providing an up‐to‐date review of existing literature, presenting the most significant studies conducted in this field.MethodsIn order to study the impact of fractional radiotherapy on the appearance of atrophic acne scars, we conducted a search on Pubmed using the keywords “fractional radiotherapy”, combined with/or “acne”, “atrophic acne scars” and “acne scars” and found 75 papers, from which we selected 39.ResultsThere are several therapeutic approaches for the improvement of acne scars with variable results and possible side effects. Fractional radiofrequency system has been used widely in the last years, as it turned out to be an effective treatment method, either in combination with other modalities, or alone.ConclusionThere are no generalized clinical guidelines adopted to standardize atrophic acne scar treatment. The multiple therapeutic options available create a dilemma in choosing the proper method in order to enhance its efficacy and to minimize its risks. The accumulated experience in nonablative collagen stimulating devices like fractional radiofrequency has proven that thickening of interstitial fibers in the dermis is possible with a controlled thermal injury, without epidermal damage and development of side effects.
Leverage Dynamics without Commitment
Authors: DEMARZO PETER M. , HE ZHIGUO 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTWe characterize equilibrium leverage dynamics in a trade‐off model in which the firm can continuously adjust leverage and cannot commit to a policy ex ante. While the leverage ratchet effect leads shareholders to issue debt gradually over time, asset growth and debt maturity cause leverage to mean‐revert slowly toward a target. Investors anticipate future debt issuance and raise credit spreads, fully offsetting the tax benefits of new debt. Shareholders are therefore indifferent toward the debt maturity structure, even though their choice significantly affects credit spreads, leverage levels, the speed of adjustment, future investment, and growth.