bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The “dog paddle”: Stereotypic swimming gait pattern in different dog breeds
Authors: Fish Frank E. , DiNenno Nicole K. , Trail Jonathan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe term “dog paddle” has been applied to the swimming behavior of various terrestrial and aquatic species. Dog paddling refers to a form of drag‐based, paddle propulsion in which the limbs are oriented underneath the body and moved through an arc. Despite the ubiquity of the term, there has been no analysis of the swimming kinematics of dogs. Underwater video was recorded of surface swimming dogs (velocity: 0.4–1.1 m/s) for eight individuals from six breeds, ranging in size from Yorkshire Terrier (3.6 kg) to Newfoundland dog (63.5 kg). The quadrupedal paddling stroke was analyzed to determine kinematics and coordination of the limbs. The paddling stroke represented a modified terrestrial gait, which was outside typical gaits for terrestrial locomotion by dogs. Stroke frequency decreased with increasing body size. The stroke cycle consisted of power and recovery phases. During the power phase, digits of the paw were abducted and the forelimb was swept posteriorly until perpendicular to the body. In the recovery phase, digits were adducted while the brachium was retracted anteriorly and the manus supinated. The power phase was about 34% of stroke cycle and shorter than the recovery phase for both fore and hindlimbs. Maximum velocity during the power phase was greater than the recovery phase. The modified terrestrial gait used for swimming by dogs appears to be stereotypic among breeds, whereas terrestrial locomotion in dogs shows substantial variation in gait. Without constraints imposed by gravity and substrate contact, swimming dogs can utilize a gait profile different from terrestrial gaits.Summary StatementDespite the ubiquity of the term “dog paddle” to describe the swimming motions of animals, this is the first time that the swimming motions of dogs have been analyzed.
Quantification of the HIV‐1 virus‐like particle production process by super‐resolution imaging: From VLP budding to nanoparticle analysis
Authors: González‐Domínguez Irene , Puente‐Massaguer Eduard , Cervera Laura , Gòdia Francesc 
Published: April 2020

AbstractVirus‐like particles (VLPs) offer great promise in the field of nanomedicine. Enveloped VLPs are a class of these nanoparticles and their production process occurs by a budding process, which is known to be the most critical step at intracellular level. In this study, we developed a novel imaging method based on super‐resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) to assess the generation of VLPs in living cells. This methodology was applied to study the production of Gag VLPs in three animal cell platforms of reference: HEK 293‐transient gene expression (TGE), High Five‐baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) and Sf9‐BEVS. Quantification of the number of VLP assembly sites per cell ranged from 500 to 3,000 in the different systems evaluated. Although the BEVS was superior in terms of Gag polyprotein expression, the HEK 293‐TGE platform was more efficient regarding the assembly of Gag as VLPs. This was translated into higher levels of non‐assembled Gag monomer in BEVS harvested supernatants. Furthermore, the presence of contaminating nanoparticles was evidenced in all three systems, specifically in High Five cells. The SRFM‐based method here developed was also successfully applied to measure the concentration of VLPs in crude supernatants. The lipid membrane of VLPs and the presence of nucleic acids alongside these nanoparticles could also be detected using common staining procedures. Overall, a complete picture of the VLP production process was achieved in these three production platforms. The robustness and sensitivity of this new approach broaden the applicability of SRFM toward the development of new detection, diagnosis and quantification methods based on confocal microscopy in living systems.
The impact of increased pulmonary arterial pressure on outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Ujihira Kosuke , Kohmoto Takushi , Gimelli Giorgio , Raval Amish , Jacobson Kurt , Wolff Matthew , Osaki Satoru 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of increased pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) on outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).MethodsA total of 242 patients who underwent TAVR were retrospectively reviewed. Transthoracic echocardiography estimated PASP. The cohorts were divided into three groups according to the numerical change of PASP; Increased (post‐TAVR PASP at 1 month minus pre‐TAVR PASP, ≥ + 5 mmHg; n = 52), No change (−5 to +5 mmHg; n = 86) and Decreased (≤ −5 mmHg; n = 104). Patient demographics and clinical outcomes until 1 year were evaluated. Logistic regression model was used for multivariate risk analysis.ResultsAt 1 year, the Increased group showed higher mortality (21 ± 6%) than the No change group (5 ± 2%) (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.8, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7–13.5; p < .01) and the Decreased group (8 ± 3%) (HR: 2.8, 95% CI: 1.1–6.7; p = .02). Rehospitalization rate for valve‐related or heart failure was also higher in the Increased group (21 ± 6%) than the No change group (10 ± 3%) (HR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.1–6.0; p = .04).Predictors of PASP deterioration were hypertension (odds ratio [OR]: 3.9, 95% CI: 1.1–13.8; p = .04) and left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter >50 mm (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.1–4.6; p = .04), and the increased PASP remained an independent predictor of 1‐year all‐cause mortality (HR; 2.7, 95% CI: 1.0–6.8; p = .04).ConclusionsRegardless of the baseline PASP, patients with increased PASP at 1 month after successful TAVR were at higher risk of mortality and rehospitalization within 1 year. Strict medical management should be considered for patients who showed dilated left ventricle preoperatively.
A face recognition algorithm based on feature fusion
Authors: Zhang Jiwei , Yan Xiaodan , Cheng Zelei , Shen Xueqi 
Published: April 2020

SummaryIn the process of building a smart city, face recognition can be applied to the transformation of enterprises, communities, and parks. The combination of building security system and face recognition technology can improve the security experience of enterprises and citizens through the solution of hardware and software integration. Face recognition is still facing the challenges of illumination, occlusion, and attitude change in the actual application process. In addition, the end‐to‐end convolutional neural networks (CNN) seldom make use of the hierarchical feature of the network. So, we propose a hierarchy feature fusion method for face recognition, which uses supervisory information to learn shallow and deep facial features. The features are fused to enhance the recognition accuracy of face recognition against illumination and occlusion. The method is applied to the transformation of the visual geometry group network and Lightened CNN. The face recognition experiments are carried out using the hierarchy network. Our method has achieved good recognition results in the labeled faces in the wild (LFW) and AR face databases.
Different Strategies to Execute Multi‐Database Studies for Medicines Surveillance in Real‐World Setting: A Reflection on the European Model
Authors: Gini Rona , Sturkenboom Miriam C. J. , Sultana Janet , Cave Alison , Landi Annalisa , Pacurariu Alexandra , Roberto Giuseppe , Schink Tania , Candore Gianmario , Slattery Jim , Trifirò Gianluca ,   the Working Group 3 of ENCePP (Inventory of EU data sources and methodological approaches for multisource studies)
Published: April 2020

Although postmarketing studies conducted in population‐based databases often contain information on patients in the order of millions, they can still be underpowered if outcomes or exposure of interest is rare, or the interest is in subgroup effects. Combining several databases might provide the statistical power needed. A multi‐database study (MDS) uses at least two healthcare databases, which are not linked with each other at an individual person level, with analyses carried out in parallel across each database applying a common study protocol. Although many MDSs have been performed in Europe in the past 10 years, there is a lack of clarity on the peculiarities and implications of the existing strategies to conduct them. In this review, we identify four strategies to execute MDSs, classified according to specific choices in the execution: (A) local analyses, where data are extracted and analyzed locally, with programs developed by each site; (B) sharing of raw data, where raw data are locally extracted and transferred without analysis to a central partner, where all the data are pooled and analyzed; (C) use of a common data model with study‐specific data, where study‐specific data are locally extracted, loaded into a common data model, and processed locally with centrally developed programs; and (D) use of general common data model, where all local data are extracted and loaded into a common data model, prior to and independent of any study protocol, and protocols are incorporated in centrally developed programs that run locally. We illustrate differences between strategies and analyze potential implications.
The role of women on boards in corporate environmental strategy and financial performance: A global outlook
Authors: Xie Jun , Nozawa Wataru , Managi Shunsuke 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study examines the impact of board gender diversity on corporate environmental strategy and financial performance. Based on 12 corporate environmental policies in 3,389 firms worldwide, we identified four types of corporate environmental strategies by using the latent class regression model: an inactive strategy, a reactive strategy, a pollution prevention strategy, and a sustainable development strategy. The empirical evidence shows that women on boards (WoB) contribute to the promotion of proactive environmental strategies, including the pollution prevention strategy, which is found to bring about sustained competitive advantage in both short‐term and long‐term financial performance, and the sustainable development strategy, which is positively associated with long‐term financial performance. Following the natural resource‐based view of the firm, these findings indicate that WoB can be seen as a key resource in the organizational process, which provides a shared vision of the future and strong moral leadership to the top management team.
Graph‐based optimal asynchronous scheduling in large propagation delay underwater acoustic sensor networks
Authors: M. Mridula K. , Ameer P. M. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryOptimal scheduling is essential to minimize the time wastage and maximize throughput in high propagation delay networks such as in underwater and satellite communication. Understanding the drawbacks of synchronous scheduling, this paper addresses an asynchronous optimal scheduling problem to minimize the time wastage during the transmission. The proposed scheduling problem is analyzed in both broadcast and non‐broadcast networks, which is highly applicable in high propagation delay networks. In broadcast networks, the proposed scheduling method reduces to a graph‐theoretic model that is shown to be equivalent to the classic algorithmic asymmetric traveling salesman problem (TSP) which is NP‐Hard. Although it is NP‐Hard, the TSP is well‐investigated with many available methods to find the best solution for up to tens of thousands of nodes. In non‐broadcast networks, the optimal solution to the scheduling problem considers the possibility of parallel transmission, which is optimized using graph coloring algorithm. The groups obtained through graph coloring are solved using Asymmetric Traveling Salesman algorithm to obtain the optimal schedule. The proposed method efficiently solves the scheduling problem for networks of practical size.
Effect of sire population on the genetic diversity and fitness of F1 progeny in the endangered Chinese endemicSinocalycanthus chinensis
Authors: Li Junmin , Qi Caihong , Gu Jingjing , Jin Zexin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSinocalycanthus chinensisCheng et S. Y. Chang (Calycanthaceae), which has a unique systematic status, is listed as a national second‐class protected plant of China. In this study, the genetic diversity, performance, and fitness of F1 progeny from crosses between the Damingshan (DMS) population ofS. chinensisand pollen parents from the Daleishan (DLS) and Longxushan (LXS) populations were examined. The DLS population has a relatively small population size, low genetic diversity, and considerable geographical and genetic distances from the DMS population relative to the LXS population. Compared with naturally occurring seeds, DLS‐sired seeds had the highest thousand‐seed weight, starch content, fat content, germination rate, germination index, and emergence rate, but the lowest protein content. Naturally occurring, open‐pollinated seeds had the lowest thousand‐seed weight, starch content, and fat content, but the highest protein content. Compared with natural F1 progeny, DMS × DLS seedlings had the highest genetic diversity, photosynthetic parameters, and growth characteristics, except for leaf mass ratio and stem mass ratio. Under strong light, DMS × DLS seedlings exhibited aFv/Fmvalue of 0.75, while the other two seedling types exhibitedFv/Fmvalues of 0.65. DLS‐sired seeds had the most vigorous growth characteristics except for leaf mass ratio and stem mass ratio. These results suggest that genetic rescue by transplanting seedlings from the DLS population or hand pollination with pollen from the DLS population would be effective methods to reduce inbreeding depression and obtain strong offspring with high genetic diversity and fitness in the DMS population.
Proposal of two‐dimensional magnetic field analysis model for transverse magnetic flux type linear synchronous motor
Authors: Nakatsugawa Junnosuke , Shimura Itsuki , Aoyama Yasuaki 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA three‐dimensional model is necessary for the magnetic field analysis of transverse magnetic flux type linear synchronous motors. However, it is unsuitable for design calculation because of the high calculation costs. In order to virtually represent the magnetic path of a three‐dimensional arm on a two‐dimensional model, we propose the use of virtual arms, which are provided above and below the armature core teeth. In the proposed two‐dimensional model, almost the same thrust waveform is obtained with a calculation time of less than 1/30 compared with the threedimensional analysis. The proposed model is also applicable to transverse magnetic flux and longitudinal magnetic flux hybrid type linear synchronous motors.
Physical vs. multidimensional frailty in older adults with and without heart failure
Authors: Testa Gianluca , Curcio Francesco , Liguori Ilaria , Basile Claudia , Papillo Martina , Tocchetti Carlo Gabriele , Galizia Gianlugi , Della‐Morte David , Gargiulo Gaetano , Cacciatore Francesco , Bonaduce Domenico , Abete Pasquale 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsThe assessment of frailty in older adults with heart failure (HF) is still debated. Here, we compare the predictive role and the diagnostic accuracy of physical vs. multidimensional frailty assessment on mortality, disability, and hospitalization in older adults with and without HF.Methods and resultsA total of 1077 elderly (≥65 years) outpatients were evaluated with the physical (phy‐Fi) and multidimensional (m‐Fi) frailty scores and according to the presence or the absence of HF. Mortality, disability, and hospitalizations were assessed at baseline and after a 24 month follow‐up. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that, compared with phy‐Fi score, m‐Fi score was more predictive of mortality [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.05 vs. 0.66], disability (HR = 1.02 vs. 0.89), and hospitalization (HR = 1.03 vs. 0.96) in the absence and even more in the presence of HF (HR = 1.11 vs. 0.63, 1.06 vs. 0.98, and 1.14 vs. 1.03, respectively). The area under the curve indicated a better diagnostic accuracy with m‐Fi score than with phy‐Fi score for mortality, disability, and hospitalizations, both in absence (0.782 vs. 0.649, 0.763 vs. 0.695, and 0.732 vs. 0.666, respectively) and in presence of HF (0.824 vs. 0.625, 0.886 vs. 0.793, and 0.812 vs. 0.688, respectively).ConclusionsThe m‐Fi score is able to predict mortality, disability, and hospitalizations better than the phy‐Fi score, not only in absence but also in presence of HF. Our data also demonstrate that the m‐Fi score has better diagnostic accuracy than the phy‐Fi score. Thus, the use of the m‐FI score should be considered for the assessment of frailty in older HF adults.
Unravelling the interplay between hyperkalaemia, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone inhibitor use and clinical outcomes. Data from 9222 chronic heart failure patients of the ESC‐HFA‐EORP Heart Failure Long‐Term Registry
Authors: Rossignol Patrick , Lainscak Mitja , Crespo‐Leiro Maria G. , Laroche Cécile , Piepoli Massimo F. , Filippatos Gerasimos , Rosano Giuseppe M.C. , Savarese Gianluigi , Anker Stefan D. , Seferovic Petar M. , Ruschitzka Frank , Coats Andrew J.S. , Mebazaa Alexandre , McDonagh Theresa , Sahuquillo Ana , Penco Maria , Maggioni Aldo P. , Lund Lars H. ,   Heart Failure Long‐Term Registry Investigators Group
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsWe assessed the interplay between hyperkalaemia (HK) and renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitor (RAASi) use, dose and discontinuation, and their association with all‐cause or cardiovascular death in patients with chronic heart failure (HF). We hypothesized that HK‐associated increased death may be related to RAASi withdrawal.Methods and resultsThe ESC‐HFA‐EORP Heart Failure Long‐Term Registry was used. Among 9222 outpatients (HF with reduced ejection fraction: 60.6%, HF with mid‐range ejection fraction: 22.9%, HF with preserved ejection fraction: 16.5%) from 31 countries, 16.6% had HK (≥5.0 mmol/L) at baseline. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) was used in 88.3%, a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) in 58.7%, or a combination in 53.2%; of these, at ≥50% of target dose in ACEi: 61.8%; ARB: 64.7%; and MRA: 90.3%. At a median follow‐up of 12.2 months, there were 789 deaths (8.6%). Both hypokalaemia and HK were independentlyassociated with higher mortality, and ACEi/ARB prescription at baseline with lower mortality. MRA prescription was not retained in the model. In multivariable analyses, HK at baseline was independently associated with MRA non‐prescription at baseline and subsequent discontinuation. When considering subsequent discontinuation of RAASi (instead of baseline use), HK was no longer found associated with all‐cause deaths. Importantly, all RAASi (ACEi, ARB, or MRA) discontinuations were strongly associated with mortality.ConclusionsIn HF, hyper‐ and hypokalaemia were associated with mortality. However, when adjusting for RAASi discontinuation, HK was no longer associated with mortality, suggesting that HK may be a risk marker for RAASi discontinuation rather than a risk factor for worse outcomes.
Improvement of garment assembly line efficiency using line balancing technique
Authors: Bongomin Ocident , Mwasiagi Josphat I. , Nganyi Eric O. , Nibikora Ildephonse 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe current competitiveness of garment manufacturing industries is highly dependent on ability to improve efficiency and effectiveness of resource utilization through proper application of industrial engineering techniques such as line balancing and time study. However, very few apparel industries have comprehended industrial engineering function due to little knowledge on practical application of industrial engineering techniques. The present study aimed at balancing a trouser assembly line using the ranked positional weight technique to increase the line efficiency as well as minimize the number of workstations without violating the constraints: precedence relations, cycle time, and resource type. The empirical study was conducted at Southern Range Nyanza Limited (NYTIL) garment manufacturing facility to demonstrate the practical application of ranked positional weight line balancing technique. Results showed that ranked positional weight method is suitable only for assembly line balancing with no constraint on the resource. However, most complex garment assembly lines consist of a number of different machine types rendering ranked positional weight method practically ineffective for improving line efficiency of a complex garment assembly line. Therefore, profound line balancing using simulation‐based optimization to improve the line efficiency of complex garment assembly line should be investigated.
Expanding Partnerships and Innovations to Implement Reform of a Large Columbia River Hatchery Program
Authors: Pearsons Todd N , Haukenes Alf H , Hoffarth Paul A , Richards Steven P 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Recent reviews of salmon and steelhead hatchery programs have led to recommendations to reform hatchery practices and produce better supplementation outcomes. Of particular concern were reductions in performance of supplemented populations due to domestication selection attributed to hatchery production. One key recommendation was to achieve an index of domestication selection termed proportionate natural influence (PNI) of 0.67 or higher. The Priest Rapids Hatchery, located adjacent to the Columbia River below Priest Rapids Dam, was one of the hatcheries included in this review. Data gathered from the hatchery and from the population being supplemented before implementation of reform measures indicated that the program was falling short of this goal. In this case study, we describe the influence of various partnerships and practices implemented in the Priest Rapids Hatchery program to achieve the recommended PNI for the program. The program exceeded the PNI goal in each of the last 5 years and since 2012 has averaged 0.72. The success in reaching the recommended benchmark was the result of generating creative solutions and building diverse decisional and operational partnerships that could achieve goals of hatchery reform in a cost-effective and broadly supported manner.
Global resting‐state functional connectivity of neural oscillations in tinnitus with and without hearing loss
Authors: Demopoulos Carly , Duong Xuan , Hinkley Leighton B. , Ranasinghe Kamalini G. , Mizuiri Danielle , Garrett Coleman , Honma Susanne , Henderson‐Sabes Jennifer , Findlay Anne , Racine‐Belkoura Caroline , Cheung Steven W. , Nagarajan Srikantan S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study examined global resting‐state functional connectivity of neural oscillations in individuals with chronic tinnitus and normal and impaired hearing. We tested the hypothesis that distinct neural oscillatory networks are engaged in tinnitus with and without hearing loss. In both tinnitus groups, with and without hearing loss, we identified multiple frequency band‐dependent regions of increased and decreased global functional connectivity. We also found that the auditory domain of tinnitus severity, assayed by the Tinnitus Functional Index, was associated with global functional connectivity in both auditory and nonauditory regions. These findings provide candidate biomarkers to target and monitor treatments for tinnitus with and without hearing loss.