bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced dimensionality optimizer for efficient design of wideband millimeter‐wave 3D metamaterial GRIN lenses
Authors: Garcia Nicolas , Chisum Jonathan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this article we present a method for the rapid design of wideband, high efficiency metamaterial GRIN lenses with rotational symmetry. The method achieves rapid optimization by reducing the number of optimized parameters while maintaining wideband impedance matching for high aperture efficiency. For rotationally symmetric lenses with isotropic GRIN media it is sufficient to design a two‐dimensional (2D) cross section. By using intrinsically matched unit‐cells which prescribe a permittivity gradient along the axis of beam propagation the optimizer only needs to define the transverse permittivity gradient along a line, reducing the design domain from three dimensions (3D) to a single dimension (1D). At each step of the optimizer a 2D finite‐difference‐time‐domain code rapidly solves each realization of the GRIN lens cross‐section across a wide bandwidth. We demonstrate the proposed method by optimizing and fabricating a 4‐inch GRIN lens which achieves 60%–65% measured aperture efficiency from 26 to 40 GHz. The prototype lens provides a high‐efficiency aperture for Ka‐band satcom and 5G millimeter‐wave bands and the approach is suitable for higher future millimeter‐wave bands in 6G and beyond networks.
Hierarchical porous N,S‐codoped carbon material derived from halogenated polymer for battery applications
Authors: Dang Qidong , Zhang Xu , Liu Wenqiang , Wang Yaqun , Dou Gang , Zhang Han , Zhang Guoxin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHerein, a hierarchically porous N, S‐co‐doped carbon material (named as NS‐C) has been efficiently fabricated from halogenated polymer to meet the targets of the low‐cost anode and cathode materials for Li‐based batteries. Thanks to its large N (∼5.4 at.%) and S (∼1.1 at.%) contents, large specific surface area (∼1510 m2 g–1), and beneficial pore hierarchy, the NS‐C exhibits superior bifunctional performance as anode material and S host for Li‐S cathode. The NS‐C/sulfur composite (named as S@NS‐C) delivers a large capacity of 1125 mAh g–1 at 0.1 C and maintains a capacity of 401 mAh g–1 at 5 C. A continuous long‐term use for 200 cycles at 2 C achieves large capacity retention of 80.5%. Furthermore, the NS‐C can also serve as anode material for stable Li‐ion storage with large capacity, showing very limited capacity fading for over 1000 cycles at both 0.1 and 1.0 A g–1. Moreover, considering the huge amount of halogenated polymer plastic wastes buried, burned, or discarded in the environments, our developed route of simple conversion of halogenated polymers into functional carbon materials for Li‐ion battery anode and S host for Li‐S battery cathode is advantageous for both environmental protection and Li‐based battery industry.
The marketplace dilemma: Selling to the marketplace vs. selling on the marketplace
Authors: Yenipazarli Arda 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOnline marketplaces are rapidly shifting the trajectory of the e‐commerce landscape. Brand manufacturers are starkly more dependent on online marketplaces, and for most brands, marketplace presence is not optional but mandatory. At this point, brand executives face a pivotal question in addressing their marketplace presence: What product selling (or distribution) approach should be adopted to leverage this channel for their brand? At its core, there are effectively two options offered to brand executives: selling to the online marketplace (as a 1p vendor); and selling on the marketplace platform (as a 3p seller). Whereas the conventional 1p vendor model is quintessentially the entry point to an online marketplace, some brand manufacturers migrate to the 3p seller model. Many others, however, avoid pulling the 3p trigger. In this paper, we address these two options a brand manufacturer has for selling (or allowing sales of) his product on a marketplace. On the grounds that online marketplaces retain brands at distinct price/quality tiers so as to be both comprehensive and robust, we propose a model of competition between two brand manufacturers whose products (in a category) are vertically differentiated on a quality/performance attribute and a convex marginal production cost is incurred for providing the higher quality. Given there is no single selling strategy on a marketplace that is ideal for all brand manufacturers and strategies would work the best under different market and competitive conditions, we investigate the impact of where a brand stands (vis‐á‐vis his competitor) on the two dimensions of a product‐attribute space on the transitions of 1p brands to 3p sellers on the marketplace platform. We also extend the analysis to the setting where an online retailer decides on whether or not to add a marketplace platform to her existing online marketplace and (if so) on the referral fee percentage at which the product category would be listed.
An optimized compact reconstruction weighted essentially non‐oscillatory scheme for advection problems
Authors: Liu Bijin , Yu Ching‐Hao , An Ruidong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper presents an optimized compact reconstruction weighted essentially non‐oscillatory scheme without dissipation errors (OCRWENO‐LD) for solving advection problems. The construction procedure of this optimized scheme without dissipation errors is as follows: (1) We first design a high‐order compact difference scheme with four general weights connecting four low‐order compact stencils. The four general weights are determined by applying the Taylor series expansions. (2) These general weights are optimized to the new weights which are derived from the WENO concept and modified wavenumber approach. (3) No dissipation errors are found for the developed OCRWENO‐LD scheme through Fourier analysis. The proposed high‐resolution scheme demonstrates its capability in exhibiting high‐accuracy in smooth regions and avoiding numerical oscillation near discontinuities when simulating the wave equation, Burgers' equation, one‐dimensional Euler equation, porous medium equation, and convection–diffusion Buckley–Leverett equation.
Late mortality from other diseases following childhood cancer in Australia and the impact of intensity of treatment
Authors: Youlden Danny R. , Walwyn Thomas S. , Cohn Richard J. , Harden Hazel E. , Pole Jason D. , Aitken Joanne F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundPeople who receive treatment for cancer during childhood often experience subsequent complications of therapy, known as late effects, which can lead to an increased risk of death.ProcedureUsing deidentified population‐based data from the Australian Childhood Cancer Registry for children aged 0‐14 diagnosed with cancer during the period 1983‐2011 and who survived for a minimum of 5 years, we examined disease‐related deaths (other than cancer recurrence or second primary cancers) that occurred up to 31 December 2016. Risk of death relative to the general population was approximated using standardised mortality ratios (SMRs). Treatment received was stratified according to the intensity of treatment rating, version 3 (ITR‐3).ResultsDuring the study period, 82 noncancer disease‐related deaths were recorded among 13 432 childhood cancer survivors, four times higher than expected (SMR = 4.43, 95% CI = 3.57‐5.50). A clear link to treatment intensity was observed, with the relative risk of noncancer disease‐related mortality being twice as high for children who underwent ‘most intensive’ treatment (SMR = 5.94, 95% CI = 3.69‐9.55) compared to the ‘least intensive’ treatment group (SMR = 2.98, 95% CI = 1.42‐6.24; Ptrend = .01). Thirty‐year cumulative mortality from noncancer disease‐related deaths was estimated at 1.4% (95% CI = 1.1‐1.9) after adjusting for competing causes of death such as cancer, accidents, or injuries.ConclusionsAlthough childhood cancer survivors are at increased relative risk of death from noncancer diseases, particularly those who undergo more intensive treatment, the cumulative mortality within 30 years of diagnosis remains small. Knowledge of late effects can guide surveillance of survivors and treatment modification, without wanting to compromise the high rates of survival.
Experimental and statistical analysis of strength of glass fiber reinforced polymer composite for different fiber architecture
Authors: Jariwala Hitesh , Jain Piyush , Maisuriya Vatsal 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the present study, the effect of fiber architecture on mechanical properties of E‐glass fiber reinforced polymer composite has been investigated experimentally. The influence of fiber volume fraction on strength of composite has also been predicted using second order polynomial regression models. The glass fibers were arranged in different architecture like unidirectional continuous, unidirectional discontinuous, short randomly oriented, transversely aligned, and woven for preparation of composites. The tensile and flexural tests were performed as per ASTM D3039 and ASTM D790, respectively. The experimental results of tensile and flexural properties of composites have been discussed. Results predicted by the regression models are in good agreement with experimental results which indicate the goodness of fit and the models are statistically significant.
Gene‐targeted molecular phylogeny, phytochemical analysis, antibacterial and antifungal activities of some medicinal plant species cultivated in Egypt
Authors: Omar Hanaa S. , Elsayed Tarek R. , Reyad Nour El‐Houda A. , Shamkh Israa. M. , Sedeek Mohamed S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionMedicinal plants have been used in healthcare since time immemorial, as have their therapeutic activities and the production of plant‐based medicines.ObjectivesThis study aims to use gene‐targeted molecular markers for genetic diversity analysis of 16 medicinal plants. Besides, phytochemical analysis antibacterial and antifungal activities of some medicinal plant extracts commonly used in Egypt are compared to major compounds.MethodsDNA‐based classification of 16 medicinal species using Conserved DNA‐Derived Polymorphism (CDDP) and Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) primers. Three species representing three orders (Pelargonium graveolens, Matricaria chamomilla, and Hyoscyamus muticus were analysed [high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS)] and evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activities against (Escherichia coli O157: H7 ATCC 93111, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 43300, Bacillus ceruse ATCC 33018, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in comparison with some of their antimicrobial components.ResultsOur results revealed 309 and 349 polymorphic bands with 100% polymorphism. Among them, 51 and 57 were unique loci for CDDP and SCoT, respectively. The 16 species were categorised into three groups depending on the similarity matrix. The results of antibacterial and antifungal activities revealed that Pelargonium oil showed significant antifungal and antibacterial activities against the tested pathogens. Gallic acid severely reduced all tested bacteria's growth, but atropine severely reduced the growth of the B. ceruse only. Molecular modelling revealed their activity against sclerotium development.ConclusionThe gene‐targeted marker techniques were highly useful tools for the classification of the 16 medicinal plant species, despite displaying high similarities at morphological and phytochemical analyses but, have antifungal and antibacterial activities.
Direct current gas–liquid phase pulsed plasma polymerization of polypyrrole under atmospheric pressure
Authors: Wang Kai , Tan Huijun , Lin Yingying , Diono Wahyu , Zhao Yaping , Goto Motonobu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, an atmospheric‐pressure nanosecond impulse discharge initiated above the pyrrole microemulsion surface is applied to polymerize pyrrole and obtain a polypyrrole film. The films obtained under different number of plasma discharge times and duration of argon gas input time are investigated using a field emission scanning electron microscope. Results show that the roughness and thickness of the polypyrrole film can be tuned by controlling discharge times and the gas feed time. Four‐point sheet resistance measurements of the films reflect that those with a smoother and more complete surface have better electrical conductivity. The films are identified as polypyrrole by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectrometry. Also, N2 is a critical factor in polymerizing polypyrrole and the gas–liquid plasma polymerization mechanism, which has three steps, is discussed.
Bypassing the multireference character of singlet molecular oxygen, part 1:1,4‐cyclo‐addition
Authors: Jespersen Malte F. , Jørgensen Solvejg , Johnson Matthew S. , Mikkelsen Kurt V. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractModeling reactions involving singlet molecular oxygen (O2 [1Δg]) is challenging because the degeneracy of the highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO and LUMO) orbitals of oxygen causes a significant multireference character. Within the limit that singlet‐singlet near‐degeneracy disappears in the transition state, it would be possible to bypass singlet oxygen's multireference character by simply adding the experimentally determined singlet/triplet splitting (22.5 kcal/mol) to the energy of the triplet ground state of molecular oxygen. This method is tested by calculating rate constants for the reactions of singlet molecular oxygen with furan, 2‐methylfuran, 2,5‐dimethylfuran, pyrrole, 2‐methylpyrrole, 2,5‐dimethylpyrrole, and cyclopentadiene using transition state theory. We find that the reaction rate coefficients are within a factor of 15 of experimentally determined rate constants, indicating an error in the barrier energy of roughly 3 kcal/mol. Furthermore, we find that energy refinement at the CCSD(T)‐F12 level of theory is crucial to achieving accurate results. We conclude that, based on a comparison with an experiment, this approximation is valid to some degree and can be used for other systems involving the 1,4‐cyclo‐addition of singlet oxygen.
It did not work? Unlearn and try again—Unlearning success and failure beliefs in changing environments
Authors: Martignoni Dirk , Keil Thomas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryWhen organizational environments change, experience, and organizational beliefs are often devalued and may become an obstacle to organizational adaptation. The literature on unlearning suggests organizations can overcome this problem by unlearning. However, prior work focuses mostly on unlearning of what has worked in the past (success beliefs) and neglects unlearning of what did not work (failure beliefs). We examine the differences in unlearning these two types of beliefs and their implications for learning and adaptation under environmental change. Using a simulation model, we find that (a) the implications of unlearning success and failure beliefs exhibit fundamentally different temporal dynamics because their underlying mechanisms are different, (b) organizations can often gain more from unlearning failure beliefs, and (c) unlearning failure beliefs is the more robust strategy.Managerial SummaryIn our study, we investigate the implications of unlearning for an organization's ability to adapt to a (more or less) changing environment. We show that organizations should unlearn selectively because unlearning success beliefs (i.e., beliefs about what has worked in the past) have different implications from unlearning of failure beliefs (i.e., beliefs what has not worked in the past). Most importantly, our study suggests that organizations should focus on unlearning failure rather than success beliefs, in particular, given the difficulties of unlearning old (success) beliefs and the problems associated with knowing when old beliefs turned obsolete by environmental changes. In focusing on unlearning failure beliefs, organizations also pursue a less risky strategy than with unlearning success beliefs.
Quantitative evaluation of interfacial transition zone of sustainable concrete with recycled and steel slag as aggregate
Authors: Wu Kai , Hu Yuan , Zhang Lintao , Su Yufeng , Han Jianguo , Yang Zhenghong , De Schutter Geert 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUtilizing steel slag and recycled concrete as fine aggregate could save the consumption of natural resource and reduce the environmental pollution. In this work, the effect of steel slag aggregate and recycled aggregate on the compressive strength and chloride migration coefficient of three types of concretes were investigated and compared with natural aggregate. The interfacial transition zone (ITZ) microstructure and the connection between aggregate and bulk cement matrix was determined by using a quantitative backscattered electron (BSE) image analysis, N2 adsorption–desorption and X‐ray diffraction analysis. Results showed that the compressive strength and chloride resistance ability of natural aggregate concrete (NAC) and steel slag aggregate concrete (SAC) was highly dependent on aggregate volume content. The performance of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) were much poorer than that of SAC and NAC. Pore structure and phase analysis confirmed that the improved properties of SAC can be partially attributed to the densified ITZ. Regarding RAC, a porous ITZ was observed in BSE image and pore structure analysis, which caused a poor compressive strength and a large chloride migration coefficient. It was found that the improvement of chloride resistance ability by using supplementary cementitious materials in NAC was more remarkable than that in SAC.
Deep reinforcement learning for multi-objective placement of virtual machines in cloud datacenters
Authors: Caviglione Luca , Gaggero Mauro , Paolucci Massimo , Ronco Roberto 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe ubiquitous diffusion of cloud computing requires suitable management policies to face the workload while guaranteeing quality constraints and mitigating costs. The typical trade-off is between the used power and the adherence to a service-level metric subscribed by customers. To this aim, a possible idea is to use an optimization-based placement mechanism to select the servers where to deploy virtual machines. Unfortunately, high packing factors could lead to performance and security issues, e.g., virtual machines can compete for hardware resources or collude to leak data. Therefore, we introduce a multi-objective approach to compute optimal placement strategies considering different goals, such as the impact of hardware outages, the power required by the datacenter, and the performance perceived by users. Placement strategies are found by using a deep reinforcement learning framework to select the best placement heuristic for each virtual machine composing the workload. Results indicate that our method outperforms bin packing heuristics widely used in the literature when considering either synthetic or real workloads.
Second-order grey-scale texture analysis of pleural ultrasound images to differentiate acute respiratory distress syndrome and cardiogenic pulmonary edema
Authors: Brusasco Claudia , Santori Gregorio , Tavazzi Guido , Via Gabriele , Robba Chiara , Gargani Luna , Mojoli Francesco , Mongodi Silvia , Bruzzo Elisa , Trò Rosella , Boccacci Patrizia , Isirdi Alessandro , Forfori Francesco , Corradi Francesco ,   UCARE (Ultrasound in Critical care and Anesthesia Research Group)
Published: December 2020

AbstractDiscriminating acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) from acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE) may be challenging in critically ill patients. Aim of this study was to investigate if gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) analysis of lung ultrasound (LUS) images can differentiate ARDS from CPE. The study population consisted of critically ill patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) with acute respiratory failure and submitted to LUS and extravascular lung water monitoring, and of a healthy control group (HCG). A digital analysis of pleural line and subpleural space, based on the GLCM with second order statistical texture analysis, was tested. We prospectively evaluated 47 subjects: 16 with a clinical diagnosis of CPE, 8 of ARDS, and 23 healthy subjects. By comparing ARDS and CPE patients’ subgroups with HCG, the one-way ANOVA models found a statistical significance in 9 out of 11 GLCM textural features. Post-hoc pairwise comparisons found statistical significance within each matrix feature for ARDS vs. CPE and CPE vs. HCG (P ≤ 0.001 for all). For ARDS vs. HCG a statistical significance occurred only in two matrix features (correlation: P = 0.005; homogeneity: P = 0.048). The quantitative method proposed has shown high diagnostic accuracy in differentiating normal lung from ARDS or CPE, and good diagnostic accuracy in differentiating CPE and ARDS. Gray-level co-occurrence matrix analysis of LUS images has the potential to aid pulmonary edemas differential diagnosis.
Host metabolism dysregulation and cell tropism identification in human airway and alveolar organoids upon SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Pei Rongjuan , Feng Jianqi , Zhang Yecheng , Sun Hao , Li Lian , Yang Xuejie , He Jiangping , Xiao Shuqi , Xiong Jin , Lin Ying , Wen Kun , Zhou Hongwei , Chen Jiekai , Rong Zhili , Chen Xinwen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is spread primary via respiratory droplets and infects the lungs. Currently widely used cell lines and animals are unable to accurately mimic human physiological conditions because of the abnormal status of cell lines (transformed or cancer cells) and species differences between animals and humans. Organoids are stem cell-derived self-organized three-dimensional culture in vitro and model the physiological conditions of natural organs. Here we showed that SARS-CoV-2 infected and extensively replicated in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs)-derived lung organoids, including airway and alveolar organoids which covered the complete infection and spread route for SARS-CoV-2 within lungs. The infected cells were ciliated, club, and alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells, which were sequentially located from the proximal to the distal airway and terminal alveoli, respectively. Additionally, RNA-seq revealed early cell response to virus infection including an unexpected downregulation of the metabolic processes, especially lipid metabolism, in addition to the well-known upregulation of immune response. Further, Remdesivir and a human neutralizing antibody potently inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in lung organoids. Therefore, human lung organoids can serve as a pathophysiological model to investigate the underlying mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection and to discover and test therapeutic drugs for COVID-19.
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae epidemiology in Veterans’ Affairs medical centers varies by facility characteristics
Authors: Wirth Marissa S. , Fitzpatrick Margaret A. , Suda Katie J. , Wilson Geneva M. , Ramanathan Swetha , Evans Martin E. , Jones Makoto M. , Pfeiffer Christopher D. , Evans Charlesnika T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis is an epidemiological study of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in Veterans’ Affairs medical centers (VAMCs). In 2017, almost 75% of VAMCs had at least 1 CRE case. We observed substantial geographic variability, with more cases in urban, complex facilities. This supports the benefit of tailoring infection control strategies to facility characteristics.