bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chitosan‐triggered immunity to Fusarium in chickpea is associated with changes in the plant extracellular matrix architecture, stomatal closure and remodeling of the plant metabolome and proteome
Authors: Narula Kanika , Elagamey Eman , Abdellatef Magdi A. E. , Sinha Arunima , Ghosh Sudip , Chakraborty Niranjan , Chakraborty Subhra 
Published: March 2020

SummaryPathogen‐/microbe‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/MAMPs) initiate complex defense responses by reorganizing the biomolecular dynamics of the host cellular machinery. The extracellular matrix (ECM) acts as a physical scaffold that prevents recognition and entry of phytopathogens, while guard cells perceive and integrate signals metabolically. Although chitosan is a known MAMP implicated in plant defense, the precise mechanism of chitosan‐triggered immunity (CTI) remains unknown. Here, we show how chitosan imparts immunity against fungal disease. Morpho‐histological examination revealed stomatal closure accompanied by reductions in stomatal conductance and transpiration rate as early responses in chitosan‐treated seedlings upon vascular fusariosis. Electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy showed ECM fortification leading to oligosaccharide signaling, as documented by increased galactose, pectin and associated secondary metabolites. Multiomics approach using quantitative ECM proteomics and metabolomics identified 325 chitosan‐triggered immune‐responsive proteins (CTIRPs), notably novel ECM structural proteins, LYM2 and receptor‐like kinases, and 65 chitosan‐triggered immune‐responsive metabolites (CTIRMs), including sugars, sugar alcohols, fatty alcohols, organic and amino acids. Identified proteins and metabolites are linked to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, stomatal movement, root nodule development and root architecture coupled with oligosaccharide signaling that leads to Fusarium resistance. The cumulative data demonstrate that ROS, NO and eATP govern CTI, in addition to induction of PR proteins, CAZymes and PAL activities, besides accumulation of phenolic compounds downstream of CTI. The immune‐related correlation network identified functional hubs in the CTI pathway. Altogether, these shifts led to the discovery of chitosan‐responsive networks that cause significant ECM and guard cell remodeling, and translate ECM cues into cell fate decisions during fusariosis.
Super‐beacons: Open‐source probes with spontaneous tuneable blinking compatible with live‐cell super‐resolution microscopy
Authors: Pereira Pedro M. , Gustafsson Nils , Marsh Mark , Mhlanga Musa M. , Henriques Ricardo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLocalization‐based super‐resolution microscopy relies on the detection of individual molecules cycling between fluorescent and non‐fluorescent states. These transitions are commonly regulated by high‐intensity illumination, imposing constrains to imaging hardware and producing sample photodamage. Here, we propose single‐molecule self‐quenching as a mechanism to generate spontaneous photoswitching. To demonstrate this principle, we developed a new class of DNA‐based open‐source super‐resolution probes named super‐beacons, with photoswitching kinetics that can be tuned structurally, thermally and chemically. The potential of these probes for live‐cell compatible super‐resolution microscopy without high‐illumination or toxic imaging buffers is revealed by imaging interferon inducible transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) at sub‐100 nm resolutions.
Assessment of the medium‐ to long‐term radiographically confirmed outcome for juvenile dogs with hip dysplasia treated with double pelvic osteotomy
Authors: Jenkins Paul L. , James Daniel R. , White Joanna D. , Black Anthony P. , Fearnside Stephen M. , Marchevsky Andrew M. , Miller Amanda J. , Cashmore Ricky G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the medium‐ to long‐term radiographically confirmed outcomes in juvenile dogs with hip dysplasia (HD) that did and did not undergo double pelvic osteotomy (DPO).Study designRetrospective case‐controlled.AnimalsTwenty‐six dogs with HD that were candidates for DPO; 22 dogs underwent DPO (16 bilateral, six unilateral); four dogs did not.MethodsInitial and follow‐up radiographs of DPO candidates (2011‐2017) that did and did not undergo surgery were reviewed, and the British Veterinary Association and Kennel Club Hip Dysplasia Scheme score (BVA‐HD), osteoarthritis score (OAS) and laxity index score (LI) were determined. Baseline and follow‐up BVA‐HD, OAS, and change in radiographically confirmed scores were compared by using analysis of variance for correlated samples.ResultsThere was no significant difference in BVA‐HD or OAS between surgically treated and nonsurgically treated cohorts at baseline. Follow‐up radiographs (median, 49 months) revealed that most (34/38) hips had a BVA‐HD ≤10 after DPO, while four of eight hips from the nonsurgical cohort had BVA‐HD >10. Follow‐up BVA‐HD and OAS were lower in hips after surgery (BVA‐HD median 2.15, interquartile range [Q1‐Q3] 1.3‐4.1; OAS median 1.9, Q1‐Q3 1.1‐4.1) compared with the nonsurgically treated cohort (BVA‐HD median 11.4, Q1‐Q3 8.1‐17.5,P < .01; OAS median 7.0, Q1‐Q3 5.1‐13.4,P < .01). Seven hips with an LI >1 had no radiographically confirmed progression of osteoarthritis after DPO.ConclusionDouble pelvic osteotomy prevented radiographically confirmed progression of osteoarthritis in the medium‐ to long‐term. Laxity index score > 1 was not a contraindication for DPO in this study.Clinical significanceDouble pelvic osteotomy prevents progression of radiographically confirmed features of osteoarthritis in juvenile dogs with HD.
Long‐term survival after treatment of idiopathic lung lobe torsion in 80 cases
Authors: Rossanese Matteo , Wustefeld‐Janssens Brandan , Price Cleo , Mielke Ben , Woods Samantha , Kulendra Nicola , Chanoit Guillaume 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo report outcomes of dogs treated for lung lobe torsion (LLT) and to determine prognostic factors for survival.Study designRetrospective multicenter study from four veterinary teaching hospitals.AnimalsDogs (n = 80) with LLT.MethodsMedical records were reviewed for clinical and histopathological findings. Long‐term outcome was assessed with an owner questionnaire. Lung lobe torsion was classified as idiopathic or secondary on the basis of the etiology.ResultsThe most represented breeds were pugs (47.5%) and sighthounds (16.2%). The cause of the LLT was considered primary in 77%, secondary in 21%, and unknown in 2% of dogs. Postoperative complications were recorded in 14% of dogs. Overall, 95% of dogs survived to discharge, and median follow‐up was 1095 days (range, 7‐3809). Owners assessed outcomes and quality of life as excellent in 93% and 89% of dogs, respectively. Primary LLT was associated with a longer survival (median not reached in the study) compared with secondary LLT (921 days; range, 7‐2073; P = .001).ConclusionOverall long‐term survival after lung lobectomy for LLT was excellent. Primary LLT was associated with longer survival compared with secondary LLT. Long‐term owner evaluation of clinical outcome for dogs undergoing lung lobectomy for LLT was considered excellent.Clinical impactDogs with primary LLT undergoing lung lobectomy have a longer survival time compared with dogs with secondary LLT and have an excellent postoperative outcome.
Forearm vasodilatation to a β2‐adrenergic receptor agonist in premenopausal and postmenopausal women
Authors: Harvey Ronée E. , Ranadive Sushant M. , Limberg Jacqueline K. , Baker Sarah E. , Nicholson Wayne T. , Curry Timothy B. , Barnes Jill N. , Joyner Michael J. 
Published: March 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
What is the role of β2‐adrenergic receptor (β2AR) vasodilatation in older postmenopausal women as compared to premenopausal women and the role of nitric oxide (NO) in β2AR‐mediated vasodilatation in both groups of women?

What is the main finding and its importance?

β2AR responsiveness is blunted in postmenopausal women compared to young premenopausal women. Additionally, NO may contribute to β2AR‐mediated vasodilatation in young premenopausal women.
Abstractβ2‐Adrenergic receptor (β2AR)‐mediated vasodilatation, which is partially dependent on nitric oxide (NO) formation, is blunted in men at risk for developing hypertension. However, the role of β2AR vasodilatation in hypertension pathophysiology in ageing postmenopausal women is unclear. Therefore, the goals of this study were to determine if forearm vasodilatation to the selective β2AR agonist terbutaline is blunted in older postmenopausal women (59 ± 4 years) compared to young premenopausal women (27 ± 3 years) and to assess NO contribution to β2AR‐mediated vasodilatation in both groups of women. Forearm blood flow (FBF) and forearm vascular conductance (FVC) were measured using venous occlusion plethysmography at baseline and during intra‐arterial infusions of terbutaline at 0.1–2.0 µg (100 ml tissue)−1 min−1 with and without the NO synthase inhibitor l‐NG‐monomethylarginine (l‐NMMA). Mean arterial pressure was significantly greater in postmenopausal women than in young women at baseline (P = 0.01). Baseline FBF and FVC did not differ between young and postmenopausal women (P > 0.05) and rose significantly within each group during terbutaline infusion (P < 0.05). There were significant group × dose interactions for FBF (P = 0.01) and FVC (P = 0.001), indicating vasodilator responses were lower in postmenopausal women. In young women, FVC response to the highest dose of terbutaline tended to be lower with l‐NMMA co‐infusion vs. without l‐NMMA (P = 0.05). There were no significant decreases in FBF or FVC responses to terbutaline in postmenopausal women with l‐NMMA co‐infusion (P > 0.05 for all). These data suggest that β2AR responsiveness is blunted in postmenopausal women compared to young premenopausal women, and that NO may contribute to β2AR‐mediated vasodilatation in young premenopausal women.
A new evaluation of the hadronic vacuum polarisation contributions to the muon anomalous magnetic moment and to $$\varvec{\alpha }({{\varvec{m}}}_{{\varvec{Z}}}^2)$$
Authors: Davier M. , Hoecker A. , Malaescu B. , Zhang Z. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe reevaluate the hadronic vacuum polarisation contributions to the muon magnetic anomaly and to the running of the electromagnetic coupling constant at the Z-boson mass. We include newest $$e^+e^- \rightarrow \mathrm{hadrons}$$e+e-→hadrons cross-section data together with a phenomenological fit of the threshold region in the evaluation of the dispersion integrals. The precision in the individual datasets cannot be fully exploited due to discrepancies that lead to additional systematic uncertainty in particular between BABAR and KLOE data in the dominant $$\pi ^+\pi ^-$$π+π- channel. For the muon $$(g-2)/2$$(g-2)/2, we find for the lowest-order hadronic contribution $$(694.0 \pm 4.0)\cdot 10^{-10}$$(694.0±4.0)·10-10. The full Standard Model prediction differs by $$3.3\sigma $$3.3σ from the experimental value. The five-quark hadronic contribution to $$\alpha (m_Z^2)$$α(mZ2) is evaluated to be $$(276.0\pm 1.0)\cdot 10^{-4}$$(276.0±1.0)·10-4.
Association Between Subsequent Hospitalizations and Recurrent Acute Myocardial Infarction Within 1 Year After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Wang Yun , Leifheit Erica , Normand Sharon‐Lise T. , Krumholz Harlan M. 
Published: March 2020

Background

Patients who survive acute myocardial infarction (
AMI
) are at high risk for recurrence. We determined whether rehospitalizations after
AMI
further increased risk of recurrent
AMI
.

Methods and Results

The study included Medicare fee‐for‐service patients aged ≥65 years discharged alive after
AMI
from acute‐care hospitals in fiscal years 2009–2014. The outcome was recurrent
AMI
within 1 year of the index
AMI
. The Clinical Classifications Software (
CCS
) was used to classify rehospitalizations into disease categories. A Cox regression model was fit accounting for
CCS
‐specific hospitalizations as time‐varying variables and patient characteristics at discharge for the index
AMI
, adjusting for the competing risk of death. The rate of 1‐year recurrent
AMI
was 5.3% (95%
CI
, 5.27%–5.41%), and median (interquartile range) time from discharge to recurrent
AMI
was 115 (34–230) days. Eleven disease categories (diabetes mellitus, anemia, hypertension, coronary atherosclerosis, chest pain, heart failure, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, renal failure, complication of implant or graft) were associated with increased risk of recurrent
AMI
. Septicemia was associated with lower recurrence risk. Hazard ratios ranged from 1.6 (95%
CI
, 1.55–1.70, heart failure) to 1.1 (95%
CI
, 1.04–1.25, pneumonia) to 0.6 (95%
CI
, 0.58–0.71, septicemia).

Conclusions

Patient risk of recurrent
AMI
changed based on the occurrence of hospitalizations after the index
AMI
. Improving post–acute care to prevent unplanned rehospitalizations, especially rehospitalizations for chronic diseases, and extending the focus of outcomes measures to condition‐specific rehospitalizations within 30 days and beyond is important for the secondary prevention of
AMI
.
Paternity Rights of Authors under Iraqi and English Law: A Comparative Study in the Field of Copyright and Author Rights
Authors: al-Fatlawi Ali Mohammed Khalaf 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Historically, Iraqi law has followed the Latin approach in the ambit of civil law, while English law is the creator of the ‘common law approach’. This has had an effect on the Iraqi doctrine for the protection of works in the field of intellectual property law. Therefore, Iraqi author rights have followed French law which grants authors many, in particular moral, rights on their works whilst English law restricts the rights of the author in kind of the moral rights. However, both laws grant authors important ‘paternity rights’ that prevent anyone from using a work without first receiving license from the author. Due to its importance in both laws, this article will try to explain paternity rights and its differences in Iraqi and English laws. This article will examine the scope paternity rights under both systems of law.
Jurisdiction and Applicable Law to International Commercial Agency Agreements from a Jordanian Perspective
Authors: Aldmour Abdullah 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Doing business abroad within the framework of commercial agency or distribution agreements presents not only several financial and commercial challenges but also legal ones, raising questions about the applicable law, jurisdiction, and particularly the arbitrability of disputes arising out of commercial agency agreements governed by Jordanian law. The purpose of this article is to highlight selected aspects of Jordanian commercial agency law from the perspective of private international law in Jordan. It aims to discuss the applicable law and jurisdiction pertaining to international commercial agency agreements subject to Law No. 28 of 2001 on Commercial Agents and Intermediaries as a mandatory law. The article highlights the recent different methodological approaches adopted by the Jordanian Court of Cassation in dealing with commercial agency agreements, which can be described as heterogeneous, controversial, and traditional; they are tainted with dogmatic traditions and at odds with the Court’s own grundnorms.
Transfer of Ownership in Sale Contracts Involving Carriage of Goods by Sea
Authors: al-Daboubi Derar 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article discusses the maritime carrier’s effect on the transfer of ownership between contracting parties to international sales. The discussion initially focuses on the relevant provisions of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods 1980 (CISG), and Incoterms 2010 Rules as international instruments. It will also cover the provisions of the Jordanian Civil Code 1976 (JCC) as a domestic statute. The necessity to examine the maritime carrier’s influence on transfer of ownership lies in the impact it can exert on a buyer’s right to acquire ownership that may deprive him of selling the goods in transit. This article will point out the obstacles encountered when determining the timing for transfer of ownership. The study proposes some suggestions through which the role the maritime carrier plays in the transfer of ownership can be recognised and the time when transfer of ownership occurs can be easily determined.
Delay Damages: The Application of Qatari National Law to Article 8(8) of the 2017 Red Book
Authors: Mahasneh Nisreen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article addresses a common conundrum when a government is a party to a Red Book contract, that is governed by Qatari national law: the inter-relationship between national law and the voluntarily agreed-upon contractual terms. This article sets forth a proposal that is to amend two Qatari laws as applicable to delay damages under contracts based upon the FIDIC Red Book where a governmental entity is a party to that contract and the parties have elected Qatar law as governing the contract. The two laws are the Qatari Civil Code (QCC 2004) and the Tendering and Procurement Law (T&P 2015). QCC 2004 applies when the Employer and Contractor are private law persons. T&P 2015 applies when the Employer is the government. Each law contains provisions that conflict with and supersede the delay damages provisions of the Red Book, in each case depriving the contractual parties of their intended result.
Difference, Migration, and Cultural Exchange in Vico
Authors: Carbone Raffaele 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In his historical and legal works, Giambattista Vico points out several times that there are significant differences between human societies. From The Universal Law onwards, the Neapolitan philosopher proposes the restoration of the history of nations and recognizes that travel, migration and cultural exchanges play a significant role in the vicissitudes of peoples. At the same time, he also searches for constants (economic and social, political and cultural) that are common to all nations and that may be compatible with the natural and historical differences remaining between them. This project grows and matures over the three editions of the New Science. In this regard, this article aims to dissect the course of Vico’s intent and show that he does not appear to neglect cultural differences or the importance of cultural exchanges in the history of humankind to the exclusive benefit of the invariants occurring in all human communities.
A Prophet of Divine Wisdom?—Giambattista Vico and the Construction of the Pythagorean Myth
Authors: Lenz Markus Alexander 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In the nineteenth century, the reception of Giambattista Vico’s writings came along with nationalist interpretations of his Scienza Nuova as an ‘Italian Science’. This tendency was based upon an increased examination of the role that the philosopher Pythagoras and his Italian school of Croton played in Vico’s hierarchical conception of the ancient Greek and Italian civilizations. Writers, archaeologists and historians used the New Science as a metonymic reference work for their own nationalist concepts by updating the Pythagorean myth in accordance with relevant narratives of exclusive genealogies concerning an ancient Italian wisdom. These narratives follow tendencies in Vico’s own writings that were quoted strategically and mixed with further interpretations of the Scienza Nuova as reliable testimonial for a glorious Italian history. A theological poet characterized by deeper insight into the secrets of nature and some parts of the divine providence, Pythagoras gains his special position in Vico’s general conception of knowledge.
Role of traditional healers in the pathway to care of patients with schizophrenia in Egypt
Authors: Ibrahim Awaad Mona , Mohsen Ibrahim Nesreen , Naguib Rehab Mohamed , Khalil Sherien Ahmed , Elhabiby Mahmoud , Khaled Mohamed Zainab 
Published: March 2020

Background: Traditional healers are considered one of the important stages in the pathway to care of schizophrenia patients because of the confidence in the system, affordability and accessibility of the service, exposing patients to hazardous management, delay in seeking psychiatric help and bad prognosis. Aim: To assess the pathway to care of schizophrenia patients and role of traditional healers into it, the sociodemographic and clinical correlates of those patients. Methods: We assessed 232 patients with schizophrenia after confirmation of diagnosis with Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorder (SCID-I) research version using a questionnaire designed by authors to assess help seeking behavior in schizophrenia patients and its sociodemographic and clinical correlates. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale to identify the presence and severity of symptoms. Results: A total of 41.8% sought traditional healers first, 58.1% sought a psychiatric consultation first, main symptoms related to traditional healers seeking were hallucinations in 51.5%, delusions 29.9%, 9.28% bizarre behavior and 9.28% formal though disorder. Main causes of traditional healers’ preference were society acceptance 30.39%, affordability 24.74% and accessibility 16.49%. Conclusion: This study shows that a significant percentage of the patients suffering from schizophrenia prefer to approach faith healers first due to their own beliefs, society acceptance, affordability and easy accessibility.
Single-agent temozolomide may be an effective option for late adjuvant therapy in patients with melanoma
Authors: Tas Faruk , Erturk Kayhan 
Published: March 2020

Background Late adjuvant therapy is the term to define the treatment administered following complete resection of metastatic or relapsed disease. Objective To assess the efficacy of single-agent temozolomide, a standard agent is used for metastatic melanoma in late adjuvant chemotherapy for cutaneous melanoma. Methods Twenty-seven adult cutaneous melanoma patients whose relapses were completely resected were included in this study. Temozolomide was administered as follows: peroral, 200 mg/m2 once daily for five consecutive days of a 28-day treatment cycle for six cycles. Results The median age was 55 years and men were predominant (74%). Median follow-up time was 23.6 months (range, 3.6–122.6 months). Any type of relapse occurred in 14 (51.9%) patients, and five patients relapsed while on chemotherapy. Almost all relapses ( n = 13, 93%) occurred within the first two years of follow-up. The relapse rates were found 37.4 and 49.1% in the first and second years of follow-up, respectively. Moreover, after fifth year of onset of chemotherapy, relapse rate was found only 51.9%. The median relapse-free survival (RFS) was 12.9 months, and 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year RFS rates were 60, 46, 39, and 39%, respectively. The estimated median overall survival was 23.6 months. All patients survived first year ( n = 27, 100%), and the overall survival rates for 2, 3, and 5 years were 81, 48, and 48%, respectively. Conclusion Single-agent temozolomide may be a rational and prudent option for late adjuvant therapy in melanoma patients if/when novel therapies, such as targeting and immune therapies, are not accessible or available.