bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation the sodium storage kinetics of H1.07Ti1.73O4@rGO composites for high rate and long cycle performance
Authors: Hou Lijuan , Xu Tingting , Liu Ruichao , Yuan Huiyu , Kong Dezhi , Shen Weixia , Zang Jinhao , Li Xinjian , Wang Ye 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInsertion type material has been attracted plenty of attentions as the anode of sodium ion batteries (SIBs) due to the low volume change induced long cycle stability. H1.07Ti1.73O4(HTO), a two‐dimensional layered material, is a new insertion type anode material for SIBs reported in this study. Layered HTO composites were decorated with rGO nanosheets via an electrostatic assembly method followed by hydrothermal treatment. When adapted as the anode material of SIBs, HTO@rGO composite exhibits an enhanced sodium ion storage behavior, including high rate capability and long cycle stability. It can deliver high capacities of 142.8 and 66.7 mA h g−1at 100 and 10 000 mA g−1, respectively. Moreover, it can keep a capacity of 75.1 mA h g−1at 5 A g−1after even 5000 cycles, corresponding to a high capacity retention of 70.8% (0.0058% capacity decay per cycle). HTO exhibits a small volume expansion of 19.6% by in‐situ transmission electron microscopy (in‐situ TEM). The diffusion coefficient of sodium ions is increased from 1.77 × 10−14 cm2 s−1in HTO composites to 4.80 × 10−14 cm2 s−1in HTO@rGO composites. Our designed and synthesized HTO@rGO provides a new route for high rate and long cycle stable SIBs anode materials.
Intraspecific variation in tolerance of warming in fishes
Authors: McKenzie David J. , Zhang Yangfan , Eliason Erika J. , Schulte Patricia M. , Claireaux Guy , Blasco Felipe R. , Nati Julie J.H , Farrell Anthony P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntraspecific variation in key traits such as tolerance of warming can have profound effects on ecological and evolutionary processes, notably responses to climate change. The empirical evidence for three primary elements of intraspecific variation in tolerance of warming in fishes is reviewed. The first is purely mechanistic that tolerance varies across life stages and as fishes become mature. The limited evidence indicates strongly that this is the case, possibly because of universal physiological principles. The second is intraspecific variation that is because of phenotypic plasticity, also a mechanistic phenomenon that buffers individuals’ sensitivity to negative impacts of global warming in their lifetime, or to some extent through epigenetic effects over successive generations. Although the evidence for plasticity in tolerance to warming is extensive, more work is required to understand underlying mechanisms and to reveal whether there are general patterns. The third element is intraspecific variation based on heritable genetic differences in tolerance, which underlies local adaptation and may define long‐term adaptability of a species in the face of ongoing global change. There is clear evidence of local adaptation and some evidence of heritability of tolerance to warming, but the knowledge base is limited with detailed information for only a few model or emblematic species. There is also strong evidence of structured variation in tolerance of warming within species, which may have ecological and evolutionary significance irrespective of whether it reflects plasticity or adaptation. Although the overwhelming consensus is that having broader intraspecific variation in tolerance should reduce species vulnerability to impacts of global warming, there are no sufficient data on fishes to provide insights into particular mechanisms by which this may occur.
Observational study evaluating the nutritional impact of changing from 1% to 2% propofol in a cardiothoracic adult critical care unit
Authors: Terblanche Ella , Remmington Chris 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundNutritional support in the critically ill aims to avoid under and overfeeding, adjusting to changes in energy expenditure during critical illness. The sedation propofol provides significant fat and energy load. We investigated whether changing from 1% to a 2% propofol, would decrease non‐nutritional energy, avoid energy overfeeding and increase the amount of protein delivered.MethodsA retrospective observational study was performed. The primary outcome was protein delivery. Secondary outcomes were energy from propofol fat and the total energy delivered from nutrition and propofol.ResultsIn total, 100 patients were investigated, with 50 patients in each group. The propofol dose was comparable for each group. The nutrition energy prescribed was significantly less for the 1% compared to 2% group, taking the energy from propofol into consideration. Both groups had similar protein targets, although the amount delivered was significantly higher in the 2% group. Thirty‐six percent of individuals receiving 1% exceeded 45% of total energy from fat. The poor delivery of nutrition resulted in inadequate energy and protein, irrespective of propofol dose.ConclusionsWe investigated the impact of propofol on energy overfeeding and under delivery of protein, and highlighted suboptimal nutritional provision. Work is needed to investigate the harm that high‐fat delivery may pose in light of poor nutrition delivery.
Evaluation and application of a new scintillator‐based heat‐resistant back‐scattered electron detector during heat treatment in the scanning electron microscope
Authors: Podor R. , Mendonça J. , Lautru J. , Brau H. P. , Nogues D. , Candeias A. , Horodysky P. , Kolouch A. , Barreau M. , Carrier X. , Ramenatte N. , Mathieu S. , Vilasi M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA new high‐temperature detector dedicated to the collection of backscattered electrons is used in combination with heating stages up to 1050°C, in high‐vacuum and low‐vacuum modes in order to evaluate its possibilities through signal‐to‐noise ration measurements and different applications. Four examples of material transformations occurring at high temperature are herein reported: grain growth during annealing of a rolled platinum foil, recrystallisation of a multiphased alloy, oxidation of a Ni‐based alloy and complex phase transformations occurring during the annealing of an Al‐Si coated boron steel. The detector could be potentially adapted to any type of SEM and it offers good opportunities to perform high‐temperature experiments in various atmospheres.
The effect of a short‐term Balint group on the communication ability and self‐efficacy of pre‐examination and triage nurses during COVID‐19
Authors: Yang Chenghui , Zhou Bo , Wang Jinyu , Pan Shuya 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo investigate the effect of a short‐term Balint group on the improvement in communication ability and self‐efficacy of pre‐examination and triage nurses during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19).BackgroundWorking on the front lines of COVID‐19 has brought unprecedented psychological stress on pre‐examination and triage nurses. Nurse–patient communication ability and the level of self‐efficacy are both significant for nurses’ psychosomatic health and work input. However, limited empirical evidence exists regarding nurse–patient communication and self‐efficacy and specific psychological intervention effects.DesignCross‐sectional research fulfilling the completed checklist of items that should be included in reports of cross‐sectional studies (Appendix S1).MethodsNurses (n = 41) in the first layer of pre‐examination and triage were engaged in a Balint group activity twice a week for two weeks. They were assessed with the General Self‐Efficacy Scale (GSES) pre‐ and postintervention, and a nurse–patient communication survey form was developed for further postintervention evaluation. The sample was recruited from a class A third‐grade hospital in Sichuan, China.ResultsMost of the subjects reported improvement in nurse–patient communication, increased cooperation between patients and their families, and a decreased missed examination rate after the intervention. Moreover, the total mean score of the GSES of nurses after the intervention was increased, but the difference was not statistically significant. The scores of all items in the GSES were improved, and the scores increase for item 4 (I am confident that I can effectively deal with any unexpected event) was statistically significant.ConclusionsDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, a short‐term Balint group activity can improve the communication ability and self‐efficacy level of front‐line nurses to some extent.Relevance to clinical practiceThis information may provide some theoretical support for the development of early psychological interventions during major epidemic situations.
Causal effects of the fracking boom on long‐term resident workers
Authors: Winters John V. , Cai Zhengyu , Maguire Karen , Sengupta Shruti 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHorizontal drilling innovations revolutionized the U.S. oil and gas industry and facilitated a boom in production in the mid‐2000s in regions with shale and tight‐sands reservoirs. This paper examines the effects of the boom on individual employment and earnings within boom states. We account for endogenous migration decisions by using a novel instrument for oil and gas production in workers' state of residence. We find statistically significant and economically meaningful positive effects of the oil and gas boom for long‐term resident workers, those who were born in and reside in their home state.
Clinical practice of health professionals working in early detection for infants with or at risk of cerebral palsy across New Zealand
Authors: Williams Sîan A , Mackey Anna , Sorhage Alexandra , Battin Malcolm , Wilson Nichola , Spittle Alicia , Stott N Susan 
Published: November 2020

AimA diagnosis of cerebral palsy (CP) can, and should, be made as early as possible. This work describes current clinical practice around the awareness and use of diagnostic tools for the detection of CP in New Zealand (NZ).MethodsA purpose‐developed survey distributed electronically to NZ clinicians working with young children with or at risk of CP.ResultsA total of 159 clinicians (including paediatricians, physiotherapists and occupational therapists) participated in this cross‐sectional study. Ninety‐six percent were aware that a diagnosis of CP can be made by 12 months of age, with high levels of awareness of the use of magnetic resonance imaging (94%), Prechtl's qualitative assessment of general movements (GMs) (70%) and Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) (77%). Only 40% were aware of the HINE optimality scoring. Fifty‐four clinicians provided a diagnosis of CP as part of their role: 48% never used the GMs or HINE to assess children <1 year, and 57% never used the HINE for children between 1 and 2 years. Clinicians not providing a diagnosis within their professional role (n = 104) also indicated infrequent use of assessment tools with 74% and 54% never using the GM's or HINE (respectively) in their assessment of children at risk of CP. Barriers to use included lack of time and funding, lack of clear pathways and management support.ConclusionDespite high awareness, current use of international best practice tools in NZ clinical practice appears low. Multiple barriers are reported to the use of these tools, which need to be addressed to improve the timeliness of diagnosis.
Xylella fastidiosa causes transcriptional shifts that precede tylose formation and starch depletion in xylem
Authors: Ingel Brian , Reyes Clarissa , Massonnet Mélanie , Boudreau Bailey , Sun Yuling , Sun Qiang , McElrone Andrew J. , Cantu Dario , Roper M. Caroline 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPierce's disease (PD) in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is caused by the bacterial pathogen Xylella fastidiosa. X. fastidiosa is limited to the xylem tissue and following infection induces extensive plant‐derived xylem blockages, primarily in the form of tyloses. Tylose‐mediated vessel occlusions are a hallmark of PD, particularly in susceptible V. vinifera. We temporally monitored tylose development over the course of the disease to link symptom severity to the level of tylose occlusion and the presence/absence of the bacterial pathogen at fine‐scale resolution. The majority of vessels containing tyloses were devoid of bacterial cells, indicating that direct, localized perception of X. fastidiosa was not a primary cause of tylose formation. In addition, we used X‐ray computed microtomography and machine‐learning to determine that X. fastidiosa induces significant starch depletion in xylem ray parenchyma cells. This suggests that a signalling mechanism emanating from the vessels colonized by bacteria enables a systemic response to X. fastidiosa infection. To understand the transcriptional changes underlying these phenotypes, we integrated global transcriptomics into the phenotypes we tracked over the disease spectrum. Differential gene expression analysis revealed that considerable transcriptomic reprogramming occurred during early PD before symptom appearance. Specifically, we determined that many genes associated with tylose formation (ethylene signalling and cell wall biogenesis) and drought stress were up‐regulated during both Phase I and Phase II of PD. On the contrary, several genes related to photosynthesis and carbon fixation were down‐regulated during both phases. These responses correlate with significant starch depletion observed in ray cells and tylose synthesis in vessels.
Selected updates in molecular and genomic pathology of esophageal cancer
Authors: Liu Yueping , Zhao Lei , Xue Liyan , Hou Yingyong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecent years have seen rapid advances in the field of molecular and genomic pathology that have not only improved understanding of esophageal carcinogenesis and tumor immune environment in general but also have reshaped pathology practice and clinical management. In this article, we provide updates on three topics (1) human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, the first and most important biomarker in targeted therapy of esophageal cancer; (2) programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1, recent biomarkers that have shown promise in treating both esophageal adenocarcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; and (3) human papillomavirus involvement in esophageal carcinogenesis, one of the most debated topics in the field, discussed here with a renewed understanding from recent genomic and molecular data.
Oral and oropharyngeal cancer mortality in Brazil, 1983–2017: Age–period–cohort analysis
Authors: Perea Lillia Magali Estrada , Antunes José Leopoldo Ferreira , Peres Marco Aurélio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo estimate the effect of age, period, and birth cohort on mortality from oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Brazil.MethodsDeaths due to oral and oropharyngeal cancer from 1983 to 2017 were analyzed. The effect of age, period, and cohort was calculated using the Poisson regression model.ResultsBetween 1983 and 2017, 142,634 deaths were recorded from oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Brazil, 54% from oropharyngeal cancer. The male sex contributed to 81% of the deaths. The average mortality rate for men was 4.5 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants, and for women, it was 0.9 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants. There was a strong effect of age on mortality rates from oral and oropharyngeal cancer. The risk increases from 40 years of age in men and 55 years of age in women. An overall period effect was observed. The 2000 period showed the greatest risk when compared to the 1985 period in men. In women, the period of highest risk was 2010. The cohorts born between 1958 and 1962 had a higher risk of death.ConclusionsThe period effect is mainly attributed to mortality from oropharyngeal cancer. Most significant values regarding the effect on the cohort groups were observed in female mortality from oral cancer.
Sickle cell osteomyelitis: A novel approach and review of the literature
Authors: Mahendran Krishantini , Wali Rana , Patel Vinod 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimSickle cell disease is a well‐recognized risk factor for the development of osteomyelitis. Its occurrence in the mandible is both complex and challenging. Antibiotics and surgery remain the main treatment modalities, but both have varying success in refractory osteomyelitis. With increasing individual clinical cases highlighting the successful management of both primary and secondary chronic osteomyelitis with bisphosphonate therapy, it was considered a viable last line trial medication prior to aggressive surgery in refractory sickle cell osteomyelitis.Materials and methodsTwo cases are retrospectively reported for the use of oral bisphosphonates.ResultsBoth cases showed positive outcomes both clinically and radiographically in response to oral bisphosphonates with no recurrence of acute episodes even on the background of recurring sickle crises.ConclusionThe current cases are the first in the literature to report successful management of sickle cell osteomyelitis with oral bisphosphonates and explores the literature on previous reports of the condition.
Biomechanical Comparison of INTERTAN Nail and Gamma3 Nail for Intertrochanteric Fractures
Authors: Luo Wei , Fu Xin , Ma Jian‐xiong , Huang Jing‐min , Wu Jiang , Ma Xin‐long 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveTo compare the biomechanical stabilities of Gamma3 nail and INTERTAN nail (ITN) for stable (AO/OTA 31A1.1) and unstable (AO/OTA 31A2.2) femoral intertrochanteric fracture.MethodsTwenty‐four synthetic femora were randomly divided into four groups. After internal fixation (Gamma3 nail or ITN) had been implanted, stable and unstable intertrochanteric fracture models were produced. A cyclic testing protocol with increasing loads was performed for both stable and unstable intertrochanteric fracture models, and then torsional test and axial compression failure test were conducted. Stiffness, failure load, torque, and fragment displacement were recorded.ResultsFor stable fracture model: fragment displacement in ITN group were smaller than Gamma3 nail group (Gamma3 nail: 1.66 ± 0.13 mm; ITN: 1.55 ± 0.1 mm); stiffness (Gamma3 nail: 1142.6 ± 161.1 N/mm, ITN: 1159.3 ± 203.5 N/mm, P = 0.872) and failure load (Gamma3 nail: 5715.42 ± 616.34 N, ITN: 5690.27 ± 625.59 N, P = 0. 951) of the two nails were similar after cyclic test; torque of the ITN group was larger than the Gamma3 nail group. For unstable fracture model: fragment displacement in ITN group was significantly smaller than in the Gamma3 nail group when the axial load was larger than 800 N (Gamma3 nail: 3.59 ± 0.19 mm; ITN: 2.93 ± 0.28 mm); ITN group showed a significantly higher failure load than Gamma3 nail group (Gamma3 nail: 2942.77 ± 573.4 N, ITN: 3672.3 ± 790.5 N, P = 0. 011); torque was significantly higher for the ITN group compared to the Gamma3 nail group for three different angles.ConclusionsBoth ITN and Gamma3 nail can maintain sufficient biomechanical stability for stable intertrochanteric fractures, but ITN was a better choice for unstable intertrochanteric fractures.
Physical characterization of swine and human skin: Correlations between Raman spectroscopy, Tensile testing, Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Multiphoton microscopy (MPM)
Authors: Labroo Pratima , Irvin Jennifer , Johnson Joshua , Sieverts Michael , Miess James , Robinson Ian , Baetz Nicholas , Garrett Caroline , Sopko Nikolai 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundSwine dorsum is commonly utilized as a model for studying skin wounds and assessment of dermatological and cosmetic medicaments. The human abdomen is a common location for dermatological intervention.ObjectiveThis study provides a correlation between spectral, mechanical, and structural characterization techniques, utilized for evaluating human abdominal skin and swine dorsum.MethodsRaman spectroscopy (RS), tensile testing, ballistometry, AFM, SEM, and MPM were utilized to characterize and compare full‐thickness skin properties in swine and human model.ResultsRS of both species' skin types revealed a similar assignment of vibrations in the fingerprint and the high wavenumber spectral regions. Structural imaging and mechanical characterization using ballistometry and tensile testing displayed differences in the inherent functional properties of human and swine skin. These differences correlated with variations in the Raman peak ratios, collagen intensity measured using SEM and MPM and collagen density measured using AFM.ConclusionA comprehensive evaluation of swine skin as a suitable substitute for human skin for mechanical and structural comparisons was performed. This data should be considered for better understanding the swine skin model for cutaneous drug delivery and wound applications. Additionally, correlation between RS, tensile testing, AFM, SEM, and MPM was performed as skin characterization tools.
Comprensión individual y diádica de tablas de frecuencias en alumnos de escolaridad primaria
Authors: Castellaro Mariano , Roselli Néstor 
Published: November 2020

Objetivo. Analizar la integración entre comprensión individual y diádica de una tabla de frecuencias enestudiantes de primaria, cuyo foco estuvo en la calidad y cualidad del producto cognitivo. Método. Participaron 90 estudiantes de 6º y 7º grado (edad: M = 12.3; DE = 0.5), seleccionados no probabilísticamente. Primero, los sujetos resolvieron de forma individual la tarea de comprensión de una tabla de doble entrada. Luego fueron agrupados en díadas que resolvieron la tarea colaborativamente. Se utilizó un cuestionario para evaluar niveles de complejidad de dicha comprensión y centrar el análisis en: (a) la comparación de desempeños individual y diádico generales, (b) las modalidades de integración entre producción individual y diádica, y (c) las modalidades según complejidad del ítem y composición sociocognitiva diádica. Resultados. Se encontró: (a) superioridad del desempeño diádico sobre el individual, (b) se identificaron diferentes modalidades de integración entre comprensión individual y diádica, y (c) la influencia del nivel de complejidad del ítem y la composición sociocognitiva sobre modalidades específicas de respuesta construidas por la díada. Conclusión. Se corrobora la hipótesis de la superioridad de las actuaciones interindividuales sobre las intraindividuales, aunque con variaciones generadas por las variables mediadoras. Los hallazgos se discutieron según la diferenciación conceptual entre producto y proceso.
Estilos de comunicación como predictores del estrés y el afrontamiento diádico en matrimonios puertorriqueños
Authors: Nina-Estrella Ruth , Marrero-Centeno Jesús J. 
Published: November 2020

Objetivo. Evaluar la posible relación de los estilos de comunicación (positivo, negativo y reservado) con elestrés y el afrontamiento diádico en las relaciones de pareja. Método. Se empleó un estudio cuantitativono experimental en el que participaron 121 personas casadas, seleccionadas por disponibilidad. La mayoríade los participantes estaban en su primer matrimonio, y tenían una edad promedio de 42 años. Aceptaroncontestar los siguientes instrumentos: (a) inventario de estilo de comunicación marital (ECOM) y (b) escala de estrés en la relación marital. Resultados. El análisis mediante regresión múltiple evidenció que los estilos de comunicación positivo y reservado son predictores del afrontamiento diádico. Se observó también que el estilo de comunicación negativo es un predictor significativo del estrés en las relaciones de pareja. Conclusión. Se sustenta la importancia de la comunicación en las relaciones de pareja y de desarrollar estilos de comunicación positivos para afrontar las situaciones estresantes.