bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluación de la concentración y competencia del sector bancario ecuatoriano en el periodo 2006-2018
Authors: Romero Galarza Armando , Flores Sánchez Gustavo , Reyes Zambrano Brigitte , Campoverde Campoverde Jorge 
Published: March 2020

El presente trabajo se centra en la determinación del grado de concentración y competencia de mercado del sector bancario ecuatoriano; medido con información de las cuentas de capital, cartera de crédito, depósitos e inversión en el periodo 2006-2018. La investigación presenta una metodología de corte longitudinal, mediante la utilización de datos con una dimensión temporal y espacial; empleando diferentes índices de carácter estructural y no estructural. Los principales hallazgos indican que en el sector bancario ecuatoriano no existe concentración de mercado, además, los bancos tienen la capacidad de fijar sus precios, que deben oscilar entre los límites establecidos por los organismos de regulación como el Banco Central del Ecuador, el Ministerio de Finanzas y la Superintendencia de Bancos.
Palabras clave: Índice, concentración de mercado, banco, poder de mercado.
URL: http://revistas.uta.edu.ec/erevista/index.php/bcoyu/article/view/882
Vehicle Navigation Systems Involving Inertial Sensors and Odometry Data from On-Board Diagnostics in Non-Gps Applications
Authors: Prusaczyk Piotr , Panasiuk Jarosław , Baranowski Leszek 
Published: March 2020

This paper explores the applicability of on-board diagnostics data for minimizing inertial navigation errors in vehicles. The results of driving tests were presented and discussed. Knowledge of a vehicle’s exact initial position and orientation was crucial in the navigation process. Orientation errors at the beginning of navigation contributed to positioning errors. GPS data were not processed by the algorithm during navigation.
PRODUCTIVITY OF PERENNIAL GRASSES AND MIXTURES WITH DIFFERENT SOWING DATES IN WESTERN SIBERIA
Authors: Petruk V. A. 
Published: March 2020

The results of field studies for 2017 - 2019 are presented. yields of perennial grasses sown at different times of the growing season. Spring, summer, and winter sowing periods were compared. Alfalfa, clover, rump, and also their mixtures were sown in 2017 under the cover of barley. The value of the cover crop yield of spring and summer sowing periods did not differ significantly and amounted to 4-5 t / ha of absolutely dry matter. Winter barley crops have not formed. On average, over 2 years of use, the highest yields were observed in alfalfa-crust grass mixtures - 3.4 t / ha of absolutely dry matter. The lowest yield was obtained in the single-species seeding of the rump. Correspondingly, in the spring, summer and winter periods of sowing, the yield of rump was 1.6; 1.1 and 1.3 t / ha. With a late sowing period, the yield of perennial grasses is significantly lower compared to spring and summer. With winter sowing periods, the yield was the highest for grass stands of alfalfa and alfalfacrust grass mixture - 2.3 and 2.4 t / ha. It should be noted that in the second year of use, the yield by the sowing dates in single-species crops and grass mixtures is leveled. The winter crops of perennial grasses in the first year of use formed a low yield. Only in the second year (third year of life) the productivity of perennial grasses of winter sowing began to increase. Consequently, in the area under perennial grasses of the winter sowing period, during one growing season (the next year after sowing), the crop was not actually formed. Based on the data obtained, production can be recommended for spring and summer planting of perennial grasses under the cover of barley. The winter sowing period provides economically valuable crop yields only by the third year of life.
THE INFLUENCE OF WEATHER CONDITIONS OF THE GROWING SEASON ON THE YIELD OF SPRING WHEAT AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER IN THE FOREST-STEPPE OF THE OB RIVER REGION
Authors: Sharkov I. N. , Kolbin S. A. 
Published: March 2020

The purpose of the study is to identify the dependence of spring wheat productivity on agrometeorological indicators of the vegetation period at various levels of nitrogen nutrition in the central forest-steppe of the Ob Region. Wheat of medium early varieties was grown in a wheat-barley crop rotation at doses N0, N30, N60 and N90 against the background of a full range of plant protection products. The correlation between wheat productivity and agrometeorological indicators was evaluated based on the results of 13 years of research. To characterize the hydrothermal conditions, we used the reserve of productive moisture in the soil, the amount of precipitation and air temperature, the Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient , and the Ponko wetting coefficient. Over the years, grain yield varied from 7.2 to 43.6 kg / ha, Selyaninov coefficient - from 0.18 to 1.67. The highest correlation coefficients (0.7–0.8) were obtained between wheat productivity and indicators of hydrothermal conditions in June - July. Moreover, with the amount of precipitation of this period, the dependence was positive, with air temperature - negative. No reliable relationship was found between grain yield and spring stock of productive moisture in the soil. The tightness of the relationship between wheat productivity and the Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient and Ponko hydration coefficient was the same, with the highest correlation coefficients also obtained for June – July. The increase in wheat grain from nitrogen fertilizer increased significantly as the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season improved. Based on the obtained values of the fertilizer nitrogen payback by increasing the crop, it was concluded that the current price ratio - the sale of grain by the farms and their purchase of nitrogen fertilizers (approximately 1:7) is unfavorable for the development of intensive crop cultivation technologies.
Research on the using of the holistic marketing concept in the activity of Ukrainian pharmaceutical company
Authors: Aliekperova N. V. , Gubar M. A. , Sakhnatska N. M. 
Published: March 2020

A new marketing approach that allows pharmaceutical companies to successfully adapt to the changing external environment can be considered as a holistic marketing. This concept consists of interacting elements influences on the consumers’satisfaction in effective, safe and available pharmaceutical products.
The aim of the work is the analysis of application of the holistic marketing elements on the example of Ukrainian pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprise and the model development for this concept implementation in the activity of pharmaceutical companies.
Materials and methods: content analysis, survey method, logical and system analysis.
The research is conducted based on Ukrainian pharmaceutical manufacturing company– LLC «Yuria-Pharm». The survey of company`s employees on the use of holistic marketing elements has been carried out. According to the results, the vast majority of respondents are women from 25 to 44, with work experience in the company up to 5 years, with higher medical, pharmaceutical or economic education. As a rule, respondents hold senior positions in the different departments or directly involved in promotion of the company’s products.According to results obtained, 91.4% respondents understand the values of the company, and 85.7% completely share them. Almost half of respondents suppose that company policy supports their leadership traits development (internal marketing). 68.6% employees sure that the company should take into account the interests of society, focusing on the development of scientific research and support of gifted youth (socially responsible marketing).It has determined that only 34% respondents are constantly interacting with other departments’ employees (integrated marketing).The vast majority of employees cooperate with health facilities (54.3%) and suppliers (51.4%).The respondents have the most productive relations with wholesale companies, health facilities, suppliers and customers (relationship marketing).Respondents estimate relations between the company and its key stakeholders rather positively.Nevertheless, it is worth working in this direction.
The model of holistic marketing for its implementation in the activities of pharmaceutical companies for provision of the population in Ukraine with available, effective and safe medicines has been developed. The perspective direction of future research is the adaptation of the holistic marketing concept to the current realities of pharmaceutical market and the practical recommendations formulation regarding the holistic approach in the creation of a marketing strategy.
Pharmacoeconomic research of pharmacotherapy schemes of community-acquired pneumonia with the inclusion of antiviral drugs
Authors: Soloviov S. O. , Trokhymchuk V. V. , Dziublyk I. V. 
Published: March 2020

In the early 21st century, pneumonia remains an important medical and social problem. In Ukraine, within the structure of acute and chronic bronchopulmonary pathologies, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is at the forefront. According to contemporary views, the main and most common cause of CAP is bacterial pathogens. Meanwhile, the outcomes of numerous microbiological studies carried out in recent years strongly suggest that viruses definitely rank second in the etiology of CAP. Today, as the complex therapy of respiratory tract diseases proved to be successful, antiviral therapy is used, allowing to reduce the severity of the disease and to minimize the risk of complications.
Goal – pharmacoeconomic analysis of additional antiviral pharmacotherapy of CAP with the use of vitaglutam based on mathematical modeling.
The efficacy analysis of pharmacotherapy with the inclusion of vitaglutam was based on the retrospective data of 114 patients with viral-bacterial moderate-flow CAP. Patients were randomly assigned to two subgroups depending on the technology of empirical antimicrobial chemotherapy. In the 1st main subgroup (48 patients), antibiotic therapy was combined with the vitaglutam antiviral drug, whereas in the 2nd control group (66 patients) only antibacterial therapy was used. For each homogeneous group of patients, the application of a pharmacoeconomic model based on a «cost of disease» analysis was proposed, which is a basic method of pharmacoeconomic assessment and takes into account the efficiency of the conducted pharmacotherapy, expressed in the achievement of recovery using various technologies of pharmacotherapy in the presence and absence of a viral infection.
Analysis of the results of clinical, and laboratory, and radiological studies showed that pharmacotherapy contributed to the positive results for both options. Meanwhile, time to achieve positive results in both groups of patients was significantly different. Pharmacoeconomic modeling, conducted for a group of 1000 simulated patients with CAP, revealed that in 27% of cases the strategy of non-inclusion of vitaglutam in pharmacotherapy scheme for patients with CAP will be dominant. However, for 73% of the simulated results, a maximum cost ratio of 16.97 was established, with an average value being 3.55. Thus, on average, the use of vitaglutam as additional antiviral pharmacotherapy is reasonable if the cost of additional antiviral pharmacotherapy is less than 3.5 times the cost per day of baseline therapy. Studies conducted in recent years have convincingly demonstrated the rationality of antiviral drugs inclusion in the pharmacotherapy scheme for patients with CAP.
HPLC determination of residual amounts of phenoxyethanol – a component of the washing and disinfecting agent «Incidin Pro»
Authors: Voitiuk O. D. , Yegorova A. V. , Scrypynets Yu. V. , Kashutskуy S. N. , Umetskaya I. V. 
Published: March 2020

A prerequisite for ensuring the quality of medicines is their production in accordance with the rules of GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice for Medicinal Products), one of the most important requirements of which is equipment cleaning. Modern disinfectants that are used for the sanitary processing of technological equipment are multicomponent. These include not only the active substances of disinfectants, but also surfactants, stabilizers. In case of violation of the regimes of final washing of these agents from the surfaces of technological equipment, there is a possibility of their introduction into pharmaceutical products. This problem in Ukraine is practically unexplored due to the lack of effective methods for determining the microconcentrations of disinfectants.
Washing and disinfecting agent «Incidin Pro» (active ingredients: N,N-bis- (3-aminopropyl) dodecylamine, benzalkonium chloride, phenoxyethanol) is used to clean pharmaceutical equipment. A risk analysis was carried out and a component for detecting residual amounts of this agent – phenoxyethanol (MAСO – 2.9 μg/ml) was determined.
The aim of this work is to develop an easy-to-use, express, selective HPLC method for determining residual amounts of phenoxyethanol in washes.
Object of study – phenoxyethanol – a component of washing and disinfecting agent «Incidin Pro». For quantitative determination, high performance liquid chromatography was used. Chromatography was performed on an Agilent 1260 Infinity 2D LC System liquid chromatograph (USA) with a UV detector. The optimal conditions for the analysis were experimentally established: chromatographic column (0.10 m x 4.6 mm, filled with octadecylsilyl silica gel for chromatography (3.5 μm)), eluent composition and its gradient, column temperature (30 °C), wavelength (210 nm) and detection time are required to ensure that all components (including excipients) are exited from the column, selective determination of phenoxyethanol, and minimization of analysis time. The methodology is validated by the following parameters: specificity, linearity, limit of quantification. The specificity of the method is based on the ability to reliably determine the content of phenoxyethanol in the washes, which is achieved by using an external standard. The calibration graph shows that the detection limit of phenoxyethanol is 0.04 μg/ml. The developed method can be recommended for determination of residual quantities of phenoxyethanol in quality control of cleaning of pharmaceutical equipment.
The chemical composition of polyphenolic compounds Achillea micranthoides Klok. herbs
Authors: Duyun I. F. , Mazulin O. V. , Мazulin G. V. , Oproshanska Т. V. 
Published: March 2020

For obtain modern herbal remedies, medicinal plants containing flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids are promising. These polyphenolic compounds are characterized by structural diversity, non-toxicity, a wide range of pharmacological activity. An actual problem is the development of new modern instrumental research methods. In scientific and folk medicine the genus Achillea L. of the Asteraceae L. family are widely used to accelerate wound healing, stop bleeding of various etiologies, as anti-inflammatory and anthelmintic agents. The herb of Achillea micranthoides Klok. has theoretical and practical interest. The plant is distributed in the southern regions of the Black Sea and Mediterranean countries, Europe, Ukraine. A long growing season contributes to the accumulation of biologically active polyphenolic compounds from groups of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids.
The aim of the work was to study the composition of polyphenolic compounds (flavonoids and the hydroxycinnamic acids) in the herbs of the Achillea micranthoides Klok. during flowering (june-september).
The object of research was herb of Achillea micranthoides Klok. Harvesting was carried out in south and oust regions of Ukraine during flowering (June–September, 2017). The investigation of polyphenolic compounds were performed by TLC and HPLC methods. HPLC analyzes were performed using an Agilent Technogies (Model 1100) (Japan). The chromatographic column ZORBAX-SB C-18 measuring 2.1×150 mm, filled with octadecylsilyl sorbent, with a grain diameter of 3.5 microns were used. The systems as the mobile phase: trifluoroacetic acid 0,2%, methanol anhydrous and a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid 0,2% with methanol 70% were used; wave length 313 nm, 350 nm.
During the flowering period, the presence and quantitative content were established 8 flavonoids (up to 1,176 ± 0,122%) and 6 hydroxycinnamic acids (up to 0,807 ± 0,071%). The identified flavonoids are dominated by compounds: apigenin-7,4'-di-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, luteolin-6-C-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. The highest content in the composition of hydroxycinnamic acids was found for chlorogenic and caffeic acids.
The obtained results to be used for perspective modern herbal remedies from Achillea micranthoides Klok. herb with anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, haemostatic and hepatoprotective activities. The qualitative and quantitative determination methods of polyphenolic compounds in Achillea micranthoides Klok. herb may be used to the State Ukraine Pharmacopoeia monographs.
Development of a nasal spray containing aminocaproic acid and a copolymer of <i>N</i>-vinylpyrrolidone and 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine for use in the prevention of influenza and other viral respiratory infections
Authors: Karpova A. S. 
Published: March 2020

Objectives. Prevention of influenza and viral respiratory infections is one of the major public health problems today. The aim of the study was to develop the formulation and production conditions for a nasal spray that can be used in the prevention of influenza and other viral respiratory infections, based on aminocaproic acid and a copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone and 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine.Methods. The influence of pH and temperature on the transparency of the copolymer solution was investigated using a turbidimeter to determine the optimal pH for the dosage form. The pH value was determined using a pH meter equipped with a combined glass electrode. The presence or absence of opalescence in the solution was determined visually, whereas the dynamic viscosity of the solution was determined at 25.0±0.5°С using a rotational viscometer. The optimal temperature and mixing speeds were selected as part of the technological development process. Quantitation of the active substances in the resulting drug was conducted using a previously reported high performance liquid chromatography method. A preliminary evaluation of the drug’s shelf life was performed via stability studies using the accelerated aging method.Results. Drug stability was ensured when the pH range of the dosage form was between 5.5 and 6.2. The addition of a thickening agent is not advisable due to undesired interactions between the excipients and the active substances during storage. Ideally, the drug composition for nasal use was aminocaproic acid (1 wt %) and the copolymer (0.5 wt %) in aqueous solution. A phosphate buffer solution with pH 5.5 was selected as the solvent for the dosage form to ensure the stability of the drug solution and ease-of-use without any disruptions in the normal functioning of the cilia in the nasal cavity. The optimal technology for drug production was determined, and the control parameters for this process were highlighted. Drug stability studies conducted via the accelerated aging method revealed that the estimated shelf life of the dosage form was 2 years. Conclusions. A new formulation and optimized production conditions were developed for a drug based on aminocaproic acid and a copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone and 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine, in the form of a nasal spray, for the prevention of influenza and other viral respiratory infections.
Changes in Chinese-Indonesian Identity: Indonesianization or Re- Sinicization?
Authors: Aryodiguno Harryanto 
Published: March 2020

During the Suharto era, which began after the anti-Chinese riots in 1965 as a result of the deterioration of the relation between Indonesia and China, forced policies of assimilation was adopted for curtailing the Chinese culture and to control Chinese-Indonesians. Yet, anti-Chinese sentiments remained, and attacks against them reached its climax in May 1998, when anti-Chinese riots recurred because of the allegation that Chinese-Indonesians had an advantageous economic status, and they were the culprit that brought financial crisis to Indonesia. The May 1998 riot ended Suharto’s era, and Chinese Indonesians saw improvement in their position and condition. Now, they strive to find their own identity and political status. Their efforts to do so were also influence by the rise of China. That is why, this paper aims at examining whether the reintroduction of Chinese cultural celebrations into Chinese-Indonesian community would result in the demise of policies of assimilation. It also examines whether the rise of China would propel them to establish a closer identification with the People’s Republic of China. How do Chinese-Indonesians view their identity? How do they choose this identity and their political inclinations? These are the research questions this paper is going to answer. The findings show that the status of the Chinese in Indonesia is divided into two groups. The first group is the one who is determined to break away from Chinese identification, and the second group is the one that still maintains their Chinese culture.
International Law Non-Compliance: Assessing Uruguay’s Decision to Legalize Cannabis under Jose Mujica Regime
Authors: Tesalonika Novia Sinta , Kusumawardani Natasya 
Published: March 2020

Uruguay has ratified the international drug control conventions that consist of Single Convention on narcotic drugs 1961 as amended 1972 protocol, the convention on psychotropic substance 1971, and United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances 1988. Since then, the Uruguayan government has been a part of the ‘War on Drugs" campaign. In 2012, Jose Mujica proposed the policy of cannabis legalisation. The proposal was signed and passed into Uruguay law no 19172 that allow and regulate the plant, consumption and sale of cannabis on December 20th, 2013. This policy has violated international drug control conventions and received critics from the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB), the body of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). Despite the critics from INCB, the government stood against the norm of the treaty. This article analyses the causative factors that trigger this behavioural change. The increasing number of drugs users caused many problems in Uruguay especially the increasing numbers of criminal acts. It created national problems and hampering the government's efforts to fight drug trafficking and ensuring the safety of society. By all mean, it became threats to their national interest. Thus, the government believed that compliance with the conventions could not help them to overcome these threats. Uruguay case has shown that state behaviour towards international law will change along its changing national interest.