bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Campo nuevo, prácticas viejas: promesas y desafíos de la historia pública = New Field, Old Practices: Promises and Challenges of Public History
Authors: Cauvin Thomas 
Published: May 2020

Resumen: Aunque la historia pública se está haciendo cada vez más internacional, el campo sigue siendo difícil de definir y permanece sujeto a un cierto grado de crítica. Sobre la base de prácticas públicas -en algunas ocasiones establecidas desde hace mucho tiempo- la historia pública refleja nuevos enfoques acerca de las audiencias, la colaboración y la autoridad en la producción de la historia. Este artículo ofrece una visión general de la historia pública, sus diversas definiciones, su historiografía, y aborda algunas de las críticas principales que ha recibido. La historia pública se compara con un árbol del conocimiento cuyas partes (raíces, tronco, ramas y hojas) representan las muchas etapas colaborativas e interconectadas que configuran este campo. La definición de la historia como un proceso sistémico (el árbol) plantea la necesidad de que colaboren los distintos actores -sean historiadores cualificados (formados en la universidad) o no- y se centra en la función desempeñada dentro del proceso en su totalidad. El futuro de la historia pública internacional requerirá un equilibrio entre unos enfoques basados en la práctica y unos debates más teóricos sobre el papel de los historiadores formados en la universidad, los públicos y los variados usos del pasado.Palabras clave: Historia pública, Historiografía, Colaboración, Memoria, Ética, Formación.Abstract: To define and subject to some criticism. Based on – sometimes long-established – public practices, public history reflects new approaches on audiences, collaboration, and authority in history production. This article provides an overview of public history, its various definitions, its historiography, and discusses some of the main criticisms of the field. Public history is compared to a tree of knowledge whose parts (roots, trunk, branches, and leaves) represent the many collaborative and interconnected steps of the field. Defining public history as a systemic process (tree) argues for the need of collaboration between the different actors –trained historians or not– and focuses on the function played within the whole process. The future of international public history will require balancing practice-based approaches with more theoretical discussions on the role of trained historians, the publics, and the various uses of the past. Keywords: Public History, Historiography, Collaboration, Memory, Ethics, Training.
Abordagens na pesquisa em educação Matemática: algumas reflexões e perspectivas epistemológicas
Authors: Mafra José Ricardo e Souza , Sá Pedro Franco de 
Published: May 2020

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo de natureza bibliográfica, objetivando realizar uma reflexão sobre abordagens de pesquisa em Educação Matemática, no Brasil e a nível mundial. Apresenta elementos referenciais para se pensar e refletir sobre a atividade de pesquisa educacional, relativa à educação matemática, através de diversas fontes bibliográficas, tais como: livros, periódicos, anais de eventos de educação matemática ou educação, relacionadas ao tema da pesquisa. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a diversidade de abordagens de pesquisa da Educação Matemática advém das diversas correntes metodológicas, configuradas nas últimas décadas, com forte ênfase na pesquisa em Ciências Sociais e na Educação, projetando uma espécie de espalhamento epistemológico. Estas projeções epistemológicas, apontam desafios atuais, tais como: produzir resultados generalizáveis e que se aproximem da Educação Básica; desenvolver repositórios das tendências de pesquisa; aumentar a quantidade de pesquisas em rede e a produção de materiais adequados para quem não gosta de matemática.
Palavras-chave: Educação Matemática, Abordagens metodológicas, Epistemologia da Educação Matemática.
Hypertension in Saudi Arabia: Assessing Life Style and Attitudes
Authors: Elbashir Bushra , Al-dkheel Msab , Aldakheel Hamad , Aruwished Naif , Alodayani Nasser 
Published: May 2020

Background:
The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet lowers blood pressure (BP) effectively. There is evidence that strongly supports the concept that lifestyle modification has a powerful effect on BP. The DASH diet includes increased physical activity, reduced salt intake, weight loss, increased potassium intake, and an overall healthy dietary pattern. This study assesses the knowledge and attitudes of Saudis in Riyadh City towards lifestyle and hypertension.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was designed using a questionnaire-based assessment tool, which included sociodemographic data, knowledge and lifestyle attitudes toward hypertension, such as dietary factors, stress, smoking, physical activities, and diet-related diseases (including obesity and diabetes mellitus). Statistical analyses to examine the perceived association between lifestyle factors and hypertension risks included frequency distribution, percentages, and chi-square tests of significance.

Results:
Out of 934 total participants, 13.6% were hypertensive; 84.4% and 60.2% of participants believed eating salty food and fatty food, respectively, were risk factors for hypertension. Almost 66.0% of participants considered stress as a risk factor for the development of hypertension, whereas 77.0% considered smoking as a risk factor. The data showed that 87.5% considered obesity as a risk factor, and 73.8% considered reducing weight as a preventive measure for hypertension. Also, 68.8% believed that physical inactivity was a risk factor for hypertension. Data showed that 16.6 % ate vegetables and 23.1% ate fruits as recommended, whereas 18.8% and 18.4%, respectively, rarely ate vegetables and fruits. About 12.1% smoked and 19.7% exercised regularly, whereas 15.6% did not exercise at all. Traffic and examination were reported as stress factors by younger participants.

Conclusion and Implications for Translation:
The knowledge of the relationship between hypertension risk factors and eating salty or fatty food was high. In contrast, knowledge of not eating vegetables and fruits as a risk factor for the development of hypertension was very low among the Saudis.
Experimental and Molecular Insights on Mitigation of Hydrocarbon Sieving in Niobrara Shale by CO2 Huff ‘n’ Puff
Authors: Zhu Ziming , Fang Chao , Qiao Rui , Yin Xiaolong , Ozkan Erdal 
Published: May 2020

Summary
In nanoporous rocks, potential size/mobility exclusion and fluid–rock interactions in nanosized pores and pore throats can turn the rock into a semipermeable membrane, blocking or hindering the passage of certain molecules while allowing other molecules to pass freely. In this work, we conducted several experiments to investigate whether CO2 can mitigate the sieving effect on the hydrocarbon molecules flowing through Niobrara samples. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of adsorption equilibrium with and without CO2 were performed to help understand the trends observed in the experiments. The experimental procedure includes pumping liquid binary hydrocarbon mixtures (C10 and C17) of known compositions into Niobrara samples, collecting the effluents from the samples, and analyzing the compositions of the effluents. A specialized experimental setup that uses an in-line filter as a minicore holder was built for this investigation. Niobrara samples were cored and machined into 0.5-in. diameter and 0.7-in. length minicores. Hydrocarbon mixtures were injected into the minicores, and effluents were collected periodically and analyzed using gas chromatography (GC). After observing the sieving effect of the minicores, CO2 huff ‘n’ puff was performed at 600 psi, a pressure much lower than the miscibility pressure. CO2 was injected from the production side to soak the sample for a period, then the flow of the mixture was resumed, and effluents were analyzed using GC. Experimental results show that CO2 huff ‘n’ puff in several experiments noticeably mitigated the sieving of heavier components (C17). The observed increase in the fraction of C17 in the produced fluid can be either temporary or lasting. In most experiments, temporary increases in flow rates were also observed. MD simulation results suggest that for a calcite surface in equilibrium with a binary mixture of C10 and C17, more C17 molecules adsorb on the carbonate surface than the C10 molecules. Once CO2 molecules are added to the system, CO2 displaces C10 and C17 from calcite. Thus, the experimentally observed increase in the fraction of C17 can be attributed to the release of adsorbed C17. This study suggests that surface effects play a significant role in affecting flows and compositions of fluids in tight formations. In unconventional oil reservoirs, observed enhanced recovery from CO2 huff ‘n’ puff could be partly attributed to surface effects in addition to the recognized thermodynamic interaction mechanisms.
Investigation of Microseismicity and Permeability Evolution in Shale Fractures during Stimulation
Authors: Ye Zhi , Ghassemi Ahmad 
Published: May 2020

SummaryShear slip of pre-existing fractures can play a crucial role in hydraulic stimulation to enable production from unconventional shale reservoirs. Evidence of the phenomenon is found in microseismic/seismic events induced during stimulation by hydraulic fracturing. However, induced seismicity and permeability evolution in response to fracture shear slip by injection have not been extensively studied in laboratory tests under relevant conditions. In this work, a cylindrical Eagle Ford Shale sample having a single fracture (tensile fracture) was used to perform a laboratory injection test with concurrent acoustic emission (AE) monitoring. In the test, shear slip was induced on the fracture at near critical stress state by injecting pressurized brine water [7% potassium chloride (KCl)]. Sample deformation (stress, displacement), fluid flow (injection pressure, flow rate), and AE signals (hits, events) were all recorded. The data were then used to characterize the fully coupled seismo-hydromechanical response of the shale fracture during shearing. Results show that the induced AE/microseismic events correlate well with the fracture slip and the permeability evolution. Most of the recorded AE hits and events were detected during the seismic-slip interval corresponding to a rapid fracture slip and a large stress drop. As a result of dilatant shear slip, a remarkable enhancement of fracture permeability was achieved. Before this seismic interval, an aseismic-slip interval was evident during the tests, where the fracture slip, associated stress relaxation, and permeability increase were limited. The test results and analyses demonstrate the role of shear slip in permeability enhancement and induced seismicity by hydraulic stimulation for unconventional shale reservoirs.
ATP measurement as an objective method to measure environmental contamination in 9 hospitals in the Dutch/Belgian border area.
Authors: Arkel Andreas van , Willemsen Ina , Kilsdonk-Bode Linda , Vlamings-Wagenaars Sindy , Oudheusden Anne van , De Waegemaeker Pascal , Leroux-Roels Isabel , Verelst Martine , Maas Evelien , Oosten Anita van , Willemse Patricia , Asselen Esther van , Klomp-Berens Ella , Franssen Karen , Cauwenberg Elise Van , Kluytmans Jan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to determine the level of environmental contamination in hospitals in the Dutch/Belgian border area, using ATP measurements. Design A cross-sectional observational survey Methods Standardized ATP measurements were conducted in 9 hospitals on 32 hospital wards. Thirty pre-defined surfaces per hospital ward were measured with the 3M Clean Trace NG luminometer. Results are displayed in relative light units (RLU). RLU >1000 was considered as “not clean.” Differences in RLU values were compared between countries, hospitals, fomite groups and medical specialties. Results A total of 960 ATP measurements were performed, ranging from 60 up to 120 per hospital. The median RLU-value was 568 (range: 3 – 277,586) and 37.7% of the measurements were rated as not clean (RLU >1000). There were significant differences between countries, hospitals and fomite groups. Conclusion ATP measurements can be used as a more objective approach to determine the level of environmental contamination in hospitals. Significant differences in ATP levels were found between hospitals and between countries. Also, substantial differences were found between different fomite groups. These findings offer potential targets for improvement of cleanliness in healthcare facilities.
Different regulation of PARP1, PARP2, PARP3 and TRPM2 genes expression in acute myeloid leukemia cells
Authors: Gil-Kulik Paulina , Dudzińska Ewa , Radzikowska-Büchner Elżbieta , Wawer Joanna , Jojczuk Mariusz , Nogalski Adam , Wawer Genowefa Anna , Feldo Marcin , Kocki Wojciech , Cioch Maria , Bogucka-Kocka Anna , Rahnama Mansur , Kocki Janusz 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogenic lethal disorder characterized by the accumulation of abnormal myeloid progenitor cells in the bone marrow which results in hematopoietic failure. Despite various efforts in detection and treatment, many patients with AML die of this cancer. That is why it is important to develop novel therapeutic options, employing strategic target genes involved in apoptosis and tumor progression.Methods: The aim of the study was to evaluate PARP1, PARP2, PARP3, and TRPM2 gene expression at mRNA level using qPCR method in the cells of hematopoietic system of the bone marrow in patients with acute myeloid leukemia, bone marrow collected from healthy patients, peripheral blood of healthy individuals, and hematopoietic stem cells from the peripheral blood after mobilization. Results: The results found that the bone marrow cells of the patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) show overexpression of PARP1 and PARP2 genes and decreased TRPM2 gene expression. In the hematopoietic stem cells derived from the normal marrow and peripheral blood after mobilization, the opposite situation was observed, i.e. TRPM2 gene showed increased expression while PARP1 and PARP2 gene expression was reduced. We observed positive correlations between PARP1, PARP2, PARP3, and TRPM2 genes expression in the group of mature mononuclear cells derived from the peripheral blood and in the group of bone marrow-derived cells. In AML cells significant correlations were not observed between the expression of the examined genes. In addition, we observed that the reduced expression of TRPM2 and overexpression of PARP1 are associated with a shorter overall survival of patients, indicating the prognostic significance of these genes expression in AML.Conclusions: Our research suggests that in physiological conditions in the cells of the hematopoietic system there is mutual positive regulation of PARP1, PARP2, PARP3, and TRPM2 genes expression. PARP1, PARP2, and TRPM2 genes at mRNA level deregulate in acute myeloid leukemia cells.
Plant defensin antibacterial mode of action against Pseudomonas species
Authors: Sathoff Andrew E. , Lewenza Shawn , Samac Deborah A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Though many plant defensins exhibit antibacterial activity, little is known about their antibacterial mode of action (MOA). Antimicrobial peptides with a characterized MOA induce the expression of multiple bacterial outer membrane modifications, which are required for resistance to these membrane-targeting peptides. Mini-Tn 5-lux mutant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with Tn insertions disrupting outer membrane protective modifications were assessed for sensitivity against plant defensin peptides. These transcriptional lux reporter strains were also evaluated for lux gene expression in response to sublethal plant defensin exposure. Also, a plant pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae was modified through transposon mutagenesis to create mutants that are resistant to in vitro MtDef4 treatments. Results Plant defensins displayed specific and potent antibacterial activity against strains of P. aeruginosa . A defensin from Medicago truncatula , MtDef4, induced dose-dependent gene expression of the aminoarabinose modification of LPS and surface polycation spermidine production operons. The ability for MtDef4 to damage bacterial outer membranes was also verified visually through fluorescent microscopy. Another defensin from M. truncatula , MtDef5, failed to induce lux gene expression and limited outer membrane damage was detected with fluorescent microscopy. The transposon insertion site on MtDef4 resistant P. syringae pv. syringae mutants was sequenced, and modifications of ribosomal genes were identified to contribute to enhanced resistance to plant defensin treatments. Conclusions MtDef4 damages the outer membrane similar to polymyxin B, which stimulates antimicrobial peptide resistance mechanisms to plant defensins. MtDef5, appears to have a different antibacterial MOA. Additionally, the MtDef4 antibacterial mode of action may also involve inhibition of translation.
Differentiation and localization of interneurons in the developing spinal cord depends on DOT1L expression
Authors: de Cristoforis Angelica Gray , Ferrari Francesco , Clotman Frédéric , Vogel Tanja 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Genetic and epigenetic factors contribute to the development of the spinal cord. Failure in correct exertion of the developmental programs, including neurulation, neural tube closure and neurogenesis of the diverse spinal cord neuronal subtypes results in clinical phenotypes with variable severity. The histone methyltransferase Disruptor of Telomeric 1 Like (DOT1L), which mediates histone H3 lysine 79 (H3K79) methylation, is fundamental for proper development of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum, and here we report on its essential role for development of the spinal cord. Conditional inactivation of DOT1L using Wnt1-cre as driver in the developing murine spinal cord did not result in neural tube closure defect (NTCD). Transcriptome analysis revealed that DOT1L deficiency favored differentiation over progenitor proliferation. Dot1l -cKO mainly decreased the numbers of dI1 interneurons expressing Lhx2 . Loss of DOT1L affected localization but not generation of dI2, dI3, and dI5 interneurons. The resulting derailed interneuron patterns might be responsible for increased cell death that occurred at the late developmental stage E18.5. Together our data indicate that DOT1L is essential for subtype- specific neurogenesis, migration and localization of interneurons in the developing spinal cord, in part by regulating transcriptional activation of Lhx2 .
A novel C-terminal degron identified in bacterial aldehyde decarbonylases using directed evolution
Authors: liu yilan , chen jinjin , Khusnutdinova Anna N. , Correia Kevin , Diep Patrick , Batyrovaa Khorcheska A. , Nemr Kayla , Flick Robert , Stogios Peter , Yakunin Alexander F. , Mahadevan Radhakrishnan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Aldehyde decarbonylases (ADs), which convert acyl aldehydes into alkanes, supply promising solution for producing alkanes from renewable feedstock. However the instability of ADs impedes their further application. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the degradation mechanism of ADs and engineer it towards high stability.Results: Here, we describe the discovery of a degradation tag (degron) in the AD from marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus marinus using error-prone PCR based directed evolution system. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that this C-terminal degron is common in bacterial ADs and identified a conserved C-terminal motif, RMSAYGLAAA, representing the AD degron (ADcon). Furthermore, we demonstrated that the ATP-dependent proteases ClpAP and Lon are involved in the degradation of AD-tagged proteins in E. coli, thereby limiting alkane production. Deletion or modification of the degron motif increased alkane production in vivo. Conclusion: This work revealed the presence of a novel degron in bacterial ADs responsible for its instability. The in vivo experiments proved eliminating or modifying the degron could stabilize AD, thereby producing higher titers of alkanes.
High-performance AlGaN double channel HEMTs with improved drain current density and high breakdown voltage
Authors: Zhang Yachao , Li Yifan , Wnag Jia , Shen Yiming , Du Lin , Li Yao , Wang Zhizhe , Xu Shengrui , Zhang Jincheng , Hao Yue 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this work, AlGaN double channel heterostructure is proposed and grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), and high-performance AlGaN double channel high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are fabricated and investigated. The implementation of double channel feature effectively improves the transport properties of AlGaN channel heterostructures. On one hand, the total two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) density is promoted due to the double potential wells along the vertical direction and the enhanced carrier confinement. On the other hand, the average 2DEG density in each channel is reduced, and the mobility is elevated resulted from the suppression of carrier-carrier scattering effect. As a result, the maximum drain current density (I max ) of AlGaN double channel HEMTs reaches 473 mA/mm with gate voltage of 0V. Moreover, the superior breakdown performance of the AlGaN double channel HEMTs is also demonstrated. These results not only show the great application potential of AlGaN double channel HEMTs in microwave power electronics, but also develops a new thinking for the studies of group III nitride based electronic devices.
Barriers and facilitators of medicines reconciliation at transitions of care in Ireland – a qualitative study
Authors: Redmond Patrick , Munir Khalid , Alabi Oludare , Grimes Tamasine , Clyne Barbara , Hughes Carmel , Fahey Tom 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Medication error at transitions of care is common. The implementation of medicines reconciliation processes to improve this issue has been recommended by many regulatory and safety organisations. The aim of this study was to gain insight from healthcare professionals on the barriers and facilitators to the medicines reconciliation implementation process. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted in Ireland with a wide range of healthcare professionals (HCPs) involved with medicines reconciliation at transitions of care. Thematic analysis was undertaken using an adaptation of a combined theoretical framework of Grol, Cabana and Sluisveld to classify the barriers and facilitators to implementation of medicines reconciliation. Results Thirty-five participants were interviewed, including eleven community pharmacists (CPs), eight hospital pharmacists (HPs), nine hospital consultants (HCs), five general practitioners (GPs), and two non-consultant hospital doctors (NCHDs). Themes were categorized into barriers and facilitators. Barriers included resistance from existing professional cultures, staff interest and training, poor communication and minimal information and communications technology (ICT) support. Solutions (facilitators) suggested included supporting effective multidisciplinary teams, greater involvement of pharmacists in medicines reconciliation, ICT solutions (linked prescribing databases, decision support systems) and increased funding to provide additional (e.g. admission and discharge reconciliation) and more advanced services (e.g. community pharmacist delivered medicines use review). Conclusions Medicines reconciliation is advocated as a solution to the known problem of medication error at transitions of care. This study identifies the key challenges and potential solutions that policy makers, managers and HCPs should consider when reviewing the practices and processes of medicines reconciliation in their own organisations.