bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic parameters and purebred–crossbred genetic correlations for growth, meat quality, and carcass traits in pigs
Authors: Esfandyari Hadi , Thekkoot Dinesh , Kemp Robert , Plastow Graham , Dekkers Jack 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Growth, meat quality, and carcass traits are of economic importance in swine breeding. Understanding their genetic basis in purebred (PB) and commercial crossbred (CB) pigs is necessary for a successful breeding program because, although the breeding goal is to improve CB performance, phenotype collection and selection are usually carried out in PB populations housed in biosecure nucleus herds. Thus, the selection is indirect, and the accuracy of selection depends on the genetic correlation between PB and CB performance (rpc). The objectives of this study were to 1) estimate genetic parameters for growth, meat quality, and carcass traits in a PB sire line and related commercial CB pigs and 2) estimate the corresponding genetic correlations between purebred and crossbred performance (rpc). Both objectives were investigated by using pedigree information only (PBLUP) and by combining pedigree and genomic information in a single-step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP) procedure. Growth rate showed moderate estimates of heritability for both PB and CB based on PBLUP, while estimates were higher in CB based on ssGBLUP. Heritability estimates for meat quality traits were diverse and slightly different based on PB and CB data with both methods. Carcass traits had higher heritability estimates based on PB compared with CB data based on PBLUP and slightly higher estimates for CB data based on ssGBLUP. A wide range of estimates of genetic correlations were obtained among traits within the PB and CB data. In the PB population, estimates of heritabilities and genetic correlations were similar based on PBLUP and ssGBLUP for all traits, while based on the CB data, ssGBLUP resulted in different estimates of genetic parameters with lower SEs. With some exceptions, estimates of rpc were moderate to high. The SE on the rpc estimates was generally large when based on PBLUP due to limited sample size, especially for CBs. In contrast, estimates of rpc based on ssGBLUP were not only more precise but also more consistent among pairs of traits, considering their genetic correlations within the PB and CB data. The wide range of estimates of rpc (less than 0.70 for 7 out of 13 traits) indicates that the use of CB phenotypes recorded on commercial farms, along with genomic information, for selection in the PB population has potential to increase the genetic progress of CB performance.
The Constitutional Right to a Healthy Environment in Indonesia
Authors: Butt Simon , Murharjanti Prayekti 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Like many other countries, Indonesia has recently put the right to a ‘good and healthy environment’ into its Constitution. Also like many other countries, this right has been underutilised in its courts. This article demonstrates that underutilisation by examining the Constitutional Court cases in which the right has been mentioned. It then offers explanations for what we consider to be a conscious reluctance by lawyers and judges to use the right. Many of the reasons given to explain underutilisation or reluctance in the courts of other countries also help explain the Indonesian experience, including lack of judicial knowledge and difficulties in balancing competing rights. But additional factors are at play in Indonesia, including the political environment in which the Court operates, some of the Court’s decision-making practices, the way the right is worded in the Indonesian Constitution, and the preference of lawyers and judges for basing their arguments on generic constitutional rights rather than specific environmental rights.
mTORC1 promotes TOP mRNA translation through site-specific phosphorylation of LARP1
Authors: Jia Jian-Jun , Lahr Roni M , Solgaard Michael T , Moraes Bruno J , Pointet Roberta , Yang An-Dao , Celucci Giovanna , Graber Tyson E , Hoang Huy-Dung , Niklaus Marius R , Pena Izabella A , Hollensen Anne K , Smith Ewan M , Chaker-Margot Malik , Anton Leonie , Dajadian Christopher , Livingstone Mark , Hearnden Jaclyn , Wang Xu-Dong , Yu Yonghao , Maier Timm , Damgaard Christian K , Berman Andrea J , Alain Tommy , Fonseca Bruno D 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLARP1 is a key repressor of TOP mRNA translation. It binds the m7Gppp cap moiety and the adjacent 5′TOP motif of TOP mRNAs, thus impeding the assembly of the eIF4F complex on these transcripts. mTORC1 controls TOP mRNA translation via LARP1, but the details of the mechanism are unclear. Herein we elucidate the mechanism by which mTORC1 controls LARP1’s translation repression activity. We demonstrate that mTORC1 phosphorylates LARP1 in vitro and in vivo, activities that are efficiently inhibited by rapamycin and torin1. We uncover 26 rapamycin-sensitive phospho-serine and -threonine residues on LARP1 that are distributed in 7 clusters. Our data show that phosphorylation of a cluster of residues located proximally to the m7Gppp cap-binding DM15 region is particularly sensitive to rapamycin and regulates both the RNA-binding and the translation inhibitory activities of LARP1. Our results unravel a new model of translation control in which the La module (LaMod) and DM15 region of LARP1, both of which can directly interact with TOP mRNA, are differentially regulated: the LaMod remains constitutively bound to PABP (irrespective of the activation status of mTORC1), while the C-terminal DM15 ‘pendular hook’ engages the TOP mRNA 5′-end to repress translation, but only in conditions of mTORC1 inhibition.
Double lock of a potent human therapeutic monoclonal antibody against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Zhu Ling , Deng Yong-Qiang , Zhang Rong-Rong , Cui Zhen , Sun Chun-Yun , Fan Chang-Fa , Xing Xiaorui , Huang Weijin , Chen Qi , Zhang Na-Na , Ye Qing , Cao Tian-Shu , Wang Nan , Wang Lei , Cao Lei , Wang Huiyu , Kong Desheng , Ma Juan , Luo Chunxia , Zhang Yanjing , Nie Jianhui , Sun Yao , Lv Zhe , Shaw Neil , Li Qianqian , Li Xiao-Feng , Hu Junjie , Xie Liangzhi , Rao Zihe , Wang Youchun , Wang Xiangxi , Qin Cheng-Feng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Receptor recognition and subsequent membrane fusion are essential for the establishment of successful infection by SARS-CoV-2. Halting these steps can cure COVID-19. Here we have identified and characterized a potent human monoclonal antibody, HB27, that blocks SARS-CoV-2 attachment to its cellular receptor at sub-nM concentrations. Remarkably, HB27 can also prevent SARS-CoV-2 membrane fusion. Consequently, a single dose of HB27 conferred effective protection against SARS-CoV-2 in two established mouse models. Rhesus macaques showed no obvious adverse events when administrated with 10 times the effective dose of HB27. Cryo-EM studies on complex of SARS-CoV-2 trimeric S with HB27 Fab reveal that three Fab fragments work synergistically to occlude SARS-CoV-2 from binding to the ACE2 receptor. Binding of the antibody also restrains any further conformational changes of the receptor binding domain, possibly interfering with progression from the prefusion to the postfusion stage. These results suggest that HB27 is a promising candidate for immuno-therapies against COVID-19.
ICU Delirium-Prediction Models: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ruppert Matthew M. , Lipori Jessica , Patel Sandip , Ingersent Elizabeth , Cupka Julie , Ozrazgat-Baslanti Tezcan , Loftus Tyler , Rashidi Parisa , Bihorac Azra 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
Summarize performance and development of ICU delirium-prediction models published within the past 5 years.

Data Sources:
Systematic electronic searches were conducted in April 2019 using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature to identify peer-reviewed studies.

Study Selection:
Eligible studies were published in English during the past 5 years that specifically addressed the development, validation, or recalibration of delirium-prediction models in adult ICU populations.

Data Extraction:
Screened citations were extracted independently by three investigators with a 42% overlap to verify consistency using the CHecklist for critical Appraisal and data extraction for systematic Reviews of prediction Modelling Studies.

Data Synthesis:
Eighteen studies featuring 23 distinct prediction models were included. Model performance varied greatly, as assessed by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.62–0.94), specificity (0.50–0.97), and sensitivity (0.45–0.96). Most models used data collected from a single time point or window to predict the occurrence of delirium at any point during hospital or ICU admission, and lacked mechanisms for providing pragmatic, actionable predictions to clinicians.

Conclusions:
Although most ICU delirium-prediction models have relatively good performance, they have limited applicability to clinical practice. Most models were static, making predictions based on data collected at a single time-point, failing to account for fluctuating conditions during ICU admission. Further research is needed to create clinically relevant dynamic delirium-prediction models that can adapt to changes in individual patient physiology over time and deliver actionable predictions to clinicians.
Association Between ICU-Acquired Hypernatremia and In-Hospital Mortality: Data From the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III and the Electronic ICU Collaborative Research Database
Authors: Olsen Markus Harboe , Møller Marcus , Romano Stefano , Andersson Jonas , Mlodzinski Eric , Raines Nathan H. , Sherak Raphael , Jeppesen Anni Nørgaard 
Published: December 2020

Objectives:
Describe the relationship between ICU-acquired hypernatremia and in-hospital mortality and investigate the optimal hypernatremia correction rate.

Design, Setting, Participants, and Measurements:
Observational study including two individual ICU cohorts. We used the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III v. 1.4 database consists of all ICU patients admitted to the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston from 2001 to 2012 (n = 46,476). The electronic ICU v. 2.0 database consists of all ICU patients admitted to 208 distinct hospitals across the United States from 2014 to 2015 (n = 200,859). We included all adult patients admitted to an ICU with two consecutive sodium samples within normal range (135–145 mmol/L) and without two consecutive hyponatremic samples (< 135 mmol/L) during the ICU stay.

Results:
Of 23,445 patients identified in Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III, 9% (n = 2,172) developed hypernatremia during their ICU stay. In electronic ICU, 88,160 patients were identified and 7% (n = 5,790) developed hypernatremia. In both cohorts, patients with hypernatremia had a higher mortality (Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III: 20% vs 42%; p < 0.01 and electronic ICU: 6% vs 22%; p < 0.01), with hypernatremia increasing the risk of in-hospital mortality (Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III: odds ratio, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.13–1.17 and electronic ICU: odds ratio, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.10–1.12) and over time using a Cox regression. Rapid sodium correction rate (> 0.5 mmol/L/hr) was associated with an increased in-hospital mortality in both cohorts (Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III: odds ratio, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.03–1.13 and electronic ICU: odds ratio, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.06–1.13). In the electronic ICU cohort, rapid correction rates were associated with a significant difference in in-hospital mortality, but there was no statistically significant association in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III cohort.

Conclusions:
ICU-acquired hypernatremia is associated with increased in-hospital mortality. Furthermore, a rapid sodium correction rates may be harmful. This suggests it is important to both prevent ICU-acquired hypernatremia and to avoid rapid correction rates if a patient becomes hypernatremic.
Racial Differences in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Treatment and Survival in the United States
Authors: Kessel Elizabeth , Naparst Monica , Alpert Naomi , Diaz Kelly , Ahn Eugene , Wolin Edward , Taioli Emanuela , Kim Michelle Kang 
Published: December 2020

Objectives
The objective of this study was to evaluate racial differences in cancer treatment and survival in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (GEP-NET) patients.

Methods
Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Registry, we identified patients with GEP-NETs of the stomach, small intestine (SI), colon, rectum, appendix, and pancreas diagnosed between 1973 and 2014. Demographic, cancer, and treatment information were collected and compared using χ2 tests. Multivariable logistic and Cox regression were used to determine disparities in receiving treatment and overall survival.

Results
We identified 19,031 GEP-NET patients: 2839 were non-Hispanic Blacks, 12,832 non-Hispanic Whites, 2098 Hispanics, and 1262 Asians. African Americans and Hispanics with SI and pancreatic NETs were less likely to be treated with surgery (odds ratio, 0.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46–0.69; odds ratio, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.51–0.99, respectively). African American race was not an independent predictor of survival; there was a strong trend in stomach, SI, and pancreas NETs (hazard ratio [HR], 1.31; 95% CI, 1–1.7; HR, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.99–1.45; HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1–1.48, respectively).

Conclusions
Our study provides evidence of racial disparities in treatment and survival across GEP-NET primary sites and racial groups. Further studies should be performed to improve our understanding of the reason for these disparities.
Gut Microbiome Profile After Pancreatectomy in Infants With Congenital Hyperinsulinism
Authors: Vajravelu Mary Ellen , Lee Jung-Jin , Mitteer Lauren , Zemel Babette S. , Bittinger Kyle , De León Diva D. 
Published: December 2020

Objectives
The objective of this study was to characterize gut microbiome profiles of infants with congenital hyperinsulinism (HI) who underwent near-total or partial pancreatectomy for hypoglycemia management, as compared with healthy controls.

Methods
A prospective observational cohort study was performed. Subjects were infants (0–6 months) with HI who underwent removal of pancreatic tissue for management of intractable hypoglycemia from February 2017 to February 2018 at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Fecal samples were collected postoperatively, on full enteral nutrition. The gut microbiome of HI subjects was analyzed and compared with age-matched samples from healthy infants.

Results
Seven subjects with ≥50% pancreatectomy and 6 with <50% pancreatectomy were included. α (within-sample) diversity was lowest among infants with ≥50% pancreatectomy (richness: false discovery rate, 0.003; Shannon index: false discovery rate, 0.01). β (between-sample) diversity (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity, P = 0.02; Jaccard distance, P = 0.001) differed across groups (≥ or <50% pancreatectomy, controls). Bifidobacteria and Klebsiella species were least abundant among infants with ≥50% pancreatectomy but did not differ between infants with <50% pancreatectomy and historical controls.

Conclusions
Infants with HI who underwent ≥50% pancreatectomy differed from age-matched infants in gut microbiome profile, whereas those with <50% pancreatectomy more closely resembled control profiles. The durability of this difference should be investigated.
Age-Related Differences in the Prognosis of Pancreatic Cancer According to Perioperative Systemic Therapy
Authors: Sonohara Fuminori , Yamada Suguru , Kurimoto Keisuke , Inokawa Yoshikuni , Takami Hideki , Hayashi Masamichi , Shimizu Dai , Hattori Norifumi , Kanda Mitsuro , Tanaka Chie , Nakayama Goro , Koike Masahiko , Fujii Tsutomu , Kodera Yasuhiro 
Published: December 2020

Objectives
In this study, we retrospectively assessed the feasibility and prognostic efficacy of perioperative chemo(radio)therapy for pancreatic cancer (PC) patients according to age.

Methods
A total of 556 consecutive patients who underwent curative-intent pancreatectomy for PC between 2000 and 2018 were enrolled.

Results
Of the 556 patients who underwent resection, 95 (17%) were elderly (age, ≥75 years). Postoperative complications did not significantly differ between the 2 age groups, and postoperative prognoses were also similar (recurrence-free survival [RFS], P = 0.68; overall survival [OS], P = 0.28). In this cohort, 103 patients (19%) underwent preoperative chemo(radio)therapy, and 417 (77%) underwent postoperative chemotherapy. Perioperative therapy was found to be significantly beneficial for younger patients (preoperative therapy: RFS, P = 0.006; OS, P < 0.001; postoperative therapy: RFS, P < 0.001; OS, P < 0.001). Conversely, no significant survival benefit of perioperative therapy was found for the elderly (preoperative therapy: RFS, P = 0.28; OS, P = 0.44; postoperative therapy: RFS, P = 0.77; OS, P = 0.08).

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that, although perioperative therapy is feasible for selected elderly patients with PC, this approach might not be as beneficial as it is for younger PC patients.
Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis
Authors: Ahmad Dina S. , Mansoor Emad , Alikhan Muhammed M. , Rana Mariam Nadeem , Panhwar Muhammad Siyab , Wong Richard C.K. , Smith Zachary L. 
Published: December 2020

Objectives
Studies on the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in acute pancreatitis (AP) are scarce. We conducted a large database study to evaluate this relationship.

Methods
Data were extracted from a large electronic health record (Explorys; IBM Watson Health, Armonk, NY). We identified patients with AP in 2018 and 2019, analyzing VTE incidence at 30 days after diagnosis of AP. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors associated with VTE.

Results
A total of 25,620 cases of acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) and 155,800 cases of acute nonnecrotizing pancreatitis (ANNP) were identified. The incidence of VTE was 7.1% for ANP, compared with 2.8% in ANNP (P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, ANP conferred significantly greater odds of VTE (adjusted odds ratio, 2.78; 95% confidence interval, 2.73–2.84; P < 0.001), independent of other variables. In those with ANP, the presence of VTE was associated with a significantly higher mortality (23.5% vs 15.9%, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Acute necrotizing pancreatitis carries near 2.5-fold risk of VTE, and a 3-fold risk of PE, compared with those with ANNP. Venous thromboembolism development in ANP is associated with higher mortality.
Prognostic Impact of Time to Surgery in Patients With Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Joliat Gaëtan-Romain , Labgaa Ismail , Gilgien Jérôme , Demartines Nicolas 
Published: December 2020

Objectives
Some studies suggested the importance of performing pancreatoduodenectomy expeditiously in resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This study aimed to assess the prognostic value of time to surgery in patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy for PDAC.

Methods
All PDAC patients who underwent upfront pancreatoduodenectomy were collected (2000–2015). Diagnosis date was the computed tomography scan date where a suspicious pancreatic head lesion was observed. Survival analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier method. Cox model was used to find predictive factors of survival.

Results
A total of 192 patients underwent pancreatoduodenectomy. The median time to surgery was 27 days (interquartile range, 17–40 days). The best dichotomous threshold for 24-month overall survival (OS) was 30 days. The median OS was similar between groups with time to surgery of fewer than 30 days and time to surgery of 30 days or more (25 vs 21 months, P = 0.609). Similar results were found for median recurrence-free survivals (19 vs 15 months, P = 0.561). On Cox regressions, time to surgery was not associated with shorter OS. Only lymph node invasion and adjuvant chemotherapy were independent OS predictors (hazard ratio, 2.610, P = 0.006, and hazard ratio, 2.042, P = 0.001).

Conclusions
Delaying surgery 30 days or more after diagnostic computed tomography scan was not associated with poorer OS and recurrence-free survival. Moreover, time to surgery was not prognostic of OS.
Prevalence of Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Khan Danyal , Abureesh Mohammad , Alkhayyat Motasem , Sadiq Waleed , Alshami Mohammad , Munir Abdullah B. , Karam Boutros , Deeb Liliane , Lafferty James 
Published: December 2020

Objective
We conducted this study to ascertain whether chronic inflammation secondary to chronic pancreatitis (CP) has any association with myocardial infarction(MI).

Methods
Data were collected from a commercial database (Explorys, Inc, IBM Watson, Ohio). Adults with the diagnosis of “chronic pancreatitis,” based on Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine–Clinical Terms, were included in the CP group, and the rest of the patients were included in the non-CP group. The prevalence of MI was compared in both groups, and statistical multivariate model was performed.

Results
A total of 28,842,210 patients were included in the study. The overall prevalence of MI was 14.22% in the CP group as compared with 3.23% in the non-CP group (P < 0.0001). In the multivariate analysis, the odds ratio (OR) for MI in CP group was 1.453 (95% confidence interval, 1.418–1.488, P < 0.0001). Hypertension was a strong predictor for MI in the CP group with an OR of 3.2 (95% confidence interval, 3.0–3.5), followed by chronic kidney disease, older than 65 years, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, obesity, alcohol abuse, smoking, White race, and male sex.

Conclusions
This study showed that CP is associated with comorbidities, which can increase the prevalence and OR of MI.
Videocapillaroscopic Findings in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus With or Without Jaccoud Arthropathy
Authors: Pimenta da Fonseca Emanuela , Lins Carolina Freitas , de Sá Ribeiro Daniel Lima , Santos Willer Gonçalves Dourado , Rosa Genevievi , Machicado Viviane , Pedreira Ana Luiza , Souza Anna Paula Mota Duque , Baleeiro Carla , dos Santos Ferreira Luana Grazielle , de Oliveira Isabela Silva , da Silva João Paulo Cotrim Gama , Atta Ajax Merces , Santiago Mittermayer Barreto 
Published: December 2020

Background/Objective
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that can present changes in blood vessels, which can be evaluated by periungual nailfold videocapillaroscopy (VCP). This technique is important for the diagnosis of systemic sclerosis and to identify individuals with Raynaud phenomenon at higher risk of developing systemic sclerosis. This study aims to describe the videocapillaroscopic profile of a series of SLE patients and to investigate if the VCP pattern is different among those with Jaccoud arthropathy (JA) compared with those without.

Methods
Between September 2014 and March 2015, the patients in this study underwent VCP, clinical evaluation, and laboratory tests. The capillaroscopic patterns were defined as minor, major, and scleroderma (SD). The presence of capillaroscopic findings, such as elongated capillaries, tortuosity, ectasia, prominent venous plexus, neoangiogenesis, hemorrhage, and megacapillaries, were also observed. Associations were calculated using the χ2, Fisher exact, or Student t test.

Results
In a population of 113 females with SLE (67 without JA and 46 with JA), at least 1 alteration was observed in VCP in 89.40% of them, among which “nonspecific changes” were the most prevalent. Minor changes were seen in 39 (58.2%) and 26 (56.5%), major changes in 21 (31.3%) and 11 (23.9%), and SD pattern in 2 (3.0%) and 3 (6.5%), in the patients without and with JA, respectively (p > 0.05).

Conclusions
The majority of patients with SLE demonstrated changes in the VCP examination, but this tool did not allow discrimination between those with or without JA.