bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Objective sensory testing methods reveal a higher prevalence of olfactory loss in COVID-19–positive patients compared to subjective methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hannum Mackenzie E , Ramirez Vicente A , Lipson Sarah J , Herriman Riley D , Toskala Aurora K , Lin Cailu , Joseph Paule V , Reed Danielle R 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has currently infected over 6.5 million people worldwide. In response to the pandemic, numerous studies have tried to identify causes and symptoms of the disease. Emerging evidence supports recently acquired anosmia (complete loss of smell) and hyposmia (partial loss of smell) as symptoms of COVID-19, but studies of olfactory dysfunction show a wide range of prevalence, from 5% to 98%. We undertook a search of Pubmed/Medline and Google Scholar with the keywords “COVID-19,” “smell,” and/or “olfaction.” We included any study that quantified smell loss (anosmia and hyposmia) as a symptom of COVID-19. Studies were grouped and compared based on the type of method used to measure smell loss—subjective measures such as self-reported smell loss versus objective measures using rated stimuli—to determine if prevalence differed by method type. For each study, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated from point estimates of olfactory disturbances. We identified 34 articles quantifying anosmia as a symptom of COVID-19 (6 objective, 28 subjective), collected from cases identified from January 16 to April 30, 2020. The pooled prevalence estimate of smell loss was 77% when assessed through objective measurements (95% CI of 61.4-89.2%) and 44% with subjective measurements (95% CI of 32.2-57.0%). Objective measures are a more sensitive method to identify smell loss as a result of infection with SARS-CoV-2; the use of subjective measures, while expedient during the early stages of the pandemic, underestimates the true prevalence of smell loss.
TCDD-induced multi- and transgenerational changes in the methylome of male zebrafish gonads
Authors: Akemann Camille , Meyer Danielle N , Gurdziel Katherine , Baker Tracie R 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe legacy endocrine disrupting chemical and aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), is produced as a byproduct of industrial processes and causes adverse health effects ranging from skin irritation to cancer. TCDD endpoints are also observed in subsequent, unexposed generations; however, the mechanisms of these multi- and transgenerational effects are unknown. We hypothesized an epigenetic mechanism, specifically DNA methylation for the transgenerational, male-mediated reproductive effects of developmental TCDD exposure. Using whole genome bisulfite sequencing, we evaluated DNA methylation changes in three generations of zebrafish, the first of which was exposed to TCDD during sexual development at 50 ppt for 1 h at both 3- and 7-week post-fertilization. We discovered that TCDD induces multi- and transgenerational methylomic changes in testicular tissue from zebrafish with decreased reproductive capacity, but most significantly in the indirectly exposed F1 generation. In comparing differentially methylated genes to concurrent transcriptomic changes, we identified several genes and pathways through which transgenerational effects of low level TCDD exposure are likely inherited. These include significant differential methylation of genes involved in reproduction, endocrine function, xenobiotic metabolism, and epigenetic processing. Notably, a number of histone modification genes were both differentially methylated and expressed in all generations, and many differentially methylated genes overlapped between multiple generations. Collectively, our results suggest that DNA methylation is a promising mechanism to explain male-mediated transgenerational reproductive effects of TCDD exposure in zebrafish, and these effects are likely inherited through integration of multiple epigenetic pathways.
Gestational exposure to particulate air pollution exacerbates the growth phenotypes induced by preconception paternal alcohol use: a multiplex model of exposure
Authors: Mustapha Toriq A , Chang Richard C , Garcia-Rhodes Dennis , Pendleton Drew , Johnson Natalie M , Golding Michael C 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIt is now clear that parental histories of drug use, toxicant exposure, and social stress all have a significant influence on the health and development of the next generation. However, the ability of epigenetic parental life memories to interact with subsequent gestational exposures and cumulatively modify the developmental trajectory of the offspring remains an unexplored perspective in toxicology. Studies from our laboratory have identified male-specific postnatal growth restriction in a mouse model of chronic, preconception paternal alcohol exposure. The goal of the current study was to determine if paternal alcohol use, before conception, could modify the susceptibility of the offspring to a completely separate exposure encountered by the mother during pregnancy. In independent experiments, we previously identified altered developmental programming and increased markers of severe asthma induced by gestational exposure to particulate air pollution. In this study, male mice were exposed to either the control or alcohol preconception treatments, then mated to naive females, which we subsequently exposed to an ultrafine mixture of particulate matter via inhalation. Individually, neither preconception paternal drinking nor gestational exposures to particulate air pollution impacted the postnatal growth of female offspring. However, when both exposures were combined, females displayed a 30% reduction in weight gain. Unexpectedly, this exposure paradigm resulted in a dramatic postnatal increase in litter loss due to maternal cannibalism, which prevented additional measures of offspring health. These preliminary studies provide evidence of a complex interplay between preconception life history and intrauterine environmental factors in the control of postnatal growth.
Determinants of inequalities in years with disability: an international-comparative study
Authors: Nusselder Wilma J. , Rubio Valverde José , Bopp Matthias , Brønnum-Hansen Henrik , Deboosere Patrick , Kalediene Ramune , Kovács Katalin , Leinsalu Mall , Martikainen Pekka , Menvielle Gwenn , Regidor Enrique , Wojtyniak Bodgan , Mackenbach Johan P. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Persons with a lower socioeconomic position spend more years with disability, despite their shorter life expectancy, but it is unknown what the important determinants are. This study aimed to quantify the contribution to educational inequalities in years with disability of eight risk factors: father’s manual occupation, low income, few social contacts, smoking, high alcohol consumption, high body-weight, low physical exercise and low fruit and vegetable consumption.

Methods
We collected register-based mortality and survey-based disability and risk factor data from 15 European countries covering the period 2010–14 for most countries. We calculated years with disability between the ages of 35 and 80 by education and gender using the Sullivan method, and determined the hypothetical effect of changing the prevalence of each risk factor to the prevalence observed among high educated (‘upward levelling scenario’), using Population Attributable Fractions.

Results
Years with disability among low educated were higher than among high educated, with a difference of 4.9 years among men and 5.5 years among women for all countries combined. Most risk factors were more prevalent among low educated. We found the largest contributions to inequalities in years with disability for low income (men: 1.0 year; women: 1.4 year), high body-weight (men: 0.6 year; women: 1.2 year) and father’s manual occupation (men: 0.7 year; women: 0.9 year), but contributions differed by country. The contribution of smoking was relatively small.

Conclusions
Disadvantages in material circumstances (low income), circumstances during childhood (father’s manual occupation) and high body-weight contribute to inequalities in years with disability.
Glycan array analysis of Pholiota squarrosa lectin and other fucose-oriented lectins
Authors: Rubén López-Cortés , Laura Muinelo-Romay , Almudena Fernández-Briera , Emilio Gil Martín 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The α(1,6)fucose residue attached to the N-glycoprotein core is suspected to play an essential role in the progression of several types of cancer. Lectins remain the first choice for probing glycan modifications, although they may lack specificity. Thus, efforts have been made to identify new lectins with a narrower core fucose (CF) detection profile. Here, we present a comparison of the classical Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL), Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) and Aspergillus oryzae lectin (AOL) with the newer Pholiota squarrosa lectin (PhoSL), which has been described as being specific for core fucosylated N-glycans. To this end, we studied the binding profiles of the four lectins using mammalian glycan arrays from the Consortium of Functional Glycomics. To validate their glycan specificity, we probed AOL, LCA and PhoSL in western-blot assays using protein extracts from eight common colorectal cancer (CRC) lines and colorectal biopsies from a small cohort of patients with CRC. The results showed that (i) LCA and PhoSL were the most specific lectins for detecting the presence of CF in a concentration-dependent manner; (ii) PhoSL exhibited the highest N-glycan sequence restriction, with preferential binding to core fucosylated paucimannosidic-type N-glycans, (iii) the recognition ability of PhoSL was highly influenced by the presence of terminal N-acetyl-lactosamine; (iv) LCA bound to paucimannosidic, bi-antennary and tri-antennary core fucosylated N-glycans and (v) AOL and AAL exhibited broader specificity towards fucosylation. Together, our results support the choice of LCA as the most appropriate lectin for CF detection, as validated in protein extracts from CRC cell lines and tissue specimens from patients with CRC.
A perspective on the evolution of evolutionary economics
Authors: Nelson Richard R 
Published: September 2020

AbstractModern evolutionary economics has come a long way from its beginnings in the writings of a few economists in the 1970s and 1980s. To a considerable extent, its evolution has been the result of the findings of empirical research, much but not all of it motivated by an explicit or implicit evolutionary perspective, which has fed back to modify and enrich the way evolutionary economists view the way modern economies work. This article focuses on developments that have broadened and sharpened the evolutionary perspective on the capabilities and behavior of firms, the processes and institutions involved in technological progress, and competition and dynamics in industries where technological opportunities are expanding. In the course of these developments, the conception of what it means to propose that a dynamic process is evolutionary has evolved. The article considers, as well, where evolutionary economics might be going from where it is now.
Thermal, mechanical and morphological properties of polyurethane–zirconia loading
Authors: Salman Ali J , Al-Obaidi Ali Assim , Al-Mamoori Dalya H , Shaker Lina M , Al-Amiery Ahmed A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The polyurethane (PU) has been showing a dramatic increase in applications related to material science and technology. However, the mechanical, physical and thermal properties could be further improved by loading PU with zirconia (Zr) to create renewable materials known as polyurethane–zirconia (PUZ) composites. In this study, PU matrix was treated with wt.% Zr at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0. In this study, the thermo-mechanical properties and the morphology were investigated of PU and PUZ nano-samples. The images of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) were the prime tool in investigating PU and PUZ surfaces and fractured surfaces showing vanishing the cracks and formation of agglomeration on the sample PUZ-1.5%. In addition, the tensile strength, Young’s modulus and maximum loading were improved by 36.7, 31.8 and 39.1%, respectively, at Zr loading of 1.5 wt.%. The flexural stress and the load were improved by 94.3% and 93.6%, respectively, when Zr loading was 1.5 wt.%. The impact without and with a notch was improved by 110.7% and 62.6%, respectively, at Zr loading of 1.5 wt.%. The the morphologies of the PU surface and Zr surface supported by SEM images. Regarding the storage modulus ability of PU and PUZ composites, Zr loading has negatively influenced E. The E functioning temperature was observed to move from 142 to 183°C. Another effect was determined by adding a small amount of Zr. This small amount was enough to shift the crystallization temperature (${T}_c$) and the melting temperature (${T}_m$) of PU from 125 to 129°C and from 150 to 144°C, respectively.
Changes in Transcriptome and Gene Expression inSogatella furcifera(Hemiptera: Delphacidae) in Response to Cycloxaprid
Authors: Jin Jian-Xue , Ye Zhao-Chun , Jin Dao-Chao , Li Feng-Liang , Li Wen-Hong , Cheng Ying , Zhou Yu-Hang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe white-backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horváth), causes substantial damage to crops by direct feeding or virus transmission, especially southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus, which poses a serious threat to rice production. Cycloxaprid, a novel cis-nitromethylene neonicotinoid insecticide, has high efficacy against rice planthoppers, including imidacloprid-resistant populations. However, information about the influence of cycloxaprid on S. furcifera (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) at the molecular level is limited. Here, by de novo transcriptome sequencing and assembly, we constructed two transcriptomes of S. furcifera and profiled the changes in gene expression in response to cycloxaprid at the transcription level. We identified 157,906,456 nucleotides and 131,601 unigenes using the Illumina technology from cycloxaprid-treated and untreated S. furcifera. In total, 38,534 unigenes matched known proteins in at least one database, accounting for 29.28% of the total unigenes. The number of coding DNA sequences was 28,546 and that of amino acid sequences in the coding region was 22,299. In total, 15,868 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified. The trinucleotide repeats accounted for 45.1% (7,157) of the total SSRs and (AAG/CTT)n were the most frequent motif. There were 359 differentially expressed genes that might have been induced by cycloxaprid. There were 131 upregulated and 228 downregulated genes. Twenty-two unigenes might be involved in resistance against cycloxaprid, such as cytochrome P450, glutathione S-transferase (GST), acid phosphatase (ACP), and cadherin. Our study provides vital information on cycloxaprid-induced resistance mechanisms, which will be useful to analyze the molecular mechanisms of cycloxaprid resistance and may lead to the development of novel strategies to manage S. furcifera.
Artificial Diet Influences Population Growth of the Root Maggot Bradysia impatiens (Diptera: Sciaridae)
Authors: Gou Yuping , Quandahor Peter , Zhang Kexin , Guo Sufan , Zhang Qiangyan , Liu Changzhong , Coulter Jeffrey A 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn order to investigate the effects of artificial diets on the population growth of root maggot Bradysia impatiens, its population growth parameters were assayed on eight artificial diets (Diet 1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, and D8). Results showed that developmental duration from egg to pupa was successfully completed on all eight artificial diets. However, the egg to pupal duration was shortest, while the survival rate of four insect stages was lowest when B. impatiens was reared on D1. When B. impatiens was reared on D7 and D8, the survival rate, female longevity, and female oviposition were higher than those reared on other diets. When B. impatiens was reared on D7, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm = 0.19/d), net reproductive rate (R0 = 39.88 offspring per individual), and finite rate of increase (λ = 1.21/d) were higher for its population growth with shorter generation time (T = 19.49 d) and doubling time (Dt = 3.67 d). The findings indicate that the D7 artificial diet is more appropriate for the biological parameters of B. impatiens and can be used an indoor breeding food for population expansion as well as further research. We propose that vitamin C supplement added to the D7 is critical for the improvement of the B. impatiens growth.
Extracellular vesicles miRNA-21: a potential therapeutic tool in premature ovarian dysfunction
Authors: Thabet Eman , Yusuf Alaaeldin , Abdelmonsif Doaa A , Nabil Iman , Mourad Ghada , Mehanna Radwa A 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChemotherapy induces an irreversible premature ovarian dysfunction (POD). Amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells (AFMSCs) can rescue fertility; however, the notion that stem cells can rejuvenate follicles is highly controversial due to the predetermined ovarian reserve. This study aims to isolate AFMSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and investigate their abundancy for the anti-apoptotic miRNA-21 as a means of ovarian restoration. Female rats were divided into healthy controls and POD-induced groups. The POD induced groups were subdivided into three groups according to the therapies they received: placebo-treated POD, AFMSC and EVs groups. Rats were assessed for serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels, ovarian caspase 3 and PTEN protein levels in the ovarian lysate. Total follicular counts (TFCs) were estimated from stained ovarian sections. Functional recovery was investigated through daily vaginal smears and mating trials. In vitro chemical transfection of the AFMSCs with selective miRNA-21 mimics/inhibitors followed by isolation of EVs for therapy was conducted in two additional groups. At the interval points studied, treatment with AFMSCs and EVs equally restored TFC, AMH levels, regular estrous cycles and fruitful conception, while it both diminished caspase 3 and PTEN levels. EVs carrying miRNA-21 mimics recapitulated the short-term effects. Placebo-treated POD or EVs carrying miRNA-21 inhibitors showed augmented ovarian follicular damage demonstrated the low AMH levels, TFC and high levels of PTEN and caspase 3. miRNA-21 allowed regeneration by modulating PTEN and caspase 3 apoptotic pathways. Our findings exemplify that EVs could serve as an innovative cell-free therapeutic tool functioning through their miRNA content and that miRNA-21 has a chief regenerative role through modulating PTEN and caspase 3 apoptotic pathways.
A C. elegans model for neurodegeneration in Cockayne syndrome
Authors: Lopes Amanda F C , Bozek Katarzyna , Herholz Marija , Trifunovic Aleksandra , Rieckher Matthias , Schumacher Björn 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCockayne syndrome (CS) is a congenital syndrome characterized by growth and mental retardation, and premature ageing. The complexity of CS and mammalian models warrants simpler metazoan models that display CS-like phenotypes that could be studied in the context of a live organism. Here, we provide a characterization of neuronal and mitochondrial aberrations caused by a mutation in the csb-1 gene in Caenorhabditis elegans. We report a progressive neurodegeneration in adult animals that is enhanced upon UV-induced DNA damage. The csb-1 mutants show dysfunctional hyperfused mitochondria that degrade upon DNA damage, resulting in diminished respiratory activity. Our data support the role of endogenous DNA damage as a driving factor of CS-related neuropathology and underline the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the disease.
Novel polyadenylylation-dependent neutralization mechanism of the HEPN/MNT toxin/antitoxin system
Authors: Yao Jianyun , Zhen Xiangkai , Tang Kaihao , Liu Tianlang , Xu Xiaolong , Chen Zhe , Guo Yunxue , Liu Xiaoxiao , Wood Thomas K , Ouyang Songying , Wang Xiaoxue 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The two-gene module HEPN/MNT is predicted to be the most abundant toxin/antitoxin (TA) system in prokaryotes. However, its physiological function and neutralization mechanism remains obscure. Here, we discovered that the MntA antitoxin (MNT-domain protein) acts as an adenylyltransferase and chemically modifies the HepT toxin (HEPN-domain protein) to block its toxicity as an RNase. Biochemical and structural studies revealed that MntA mediates the transfer of three AMPs to a tyrosine residue next to the RNase domain of HepT in Shewanella oneidensis. Furthermore, in vitro enzymatic assays showed that the three AMPs are transferred to HepT by MntA consecutively with ATP serving as the substrate, and this polyadenylylation is crucial for reducing HepT toxicity. Additionally, the GSX10DXD motif, which is conserved among MntA proteins, is the key active motif for polyadenylylating and neutralizing HepT. Thus, HepT/MntA represents a new type of TA system, and the polyadenylylation-dependent TA neutralization mechanism is prevalent in bacteria and archaea.
Associations Between Physical Therapy Visits and Pain and Physical Function After Knee Arthroplasty: A Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis of People Who Catastrophize About Pain Prior to Surgery
Authors: Orndahl Christine M , Perera Robert A , Riddle Daniel L 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective
Physical therapy visit number and timing following knee arthroplasty (KA) are variable in daily practice. The extent to which the number and timing of physical therapy visits are associated with current and future pain and function—and, alternatively, whether pain and function are associated with the number of future physical therapy visits following KA—are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine temporal and reciprocal associations between the number of physical therapy visits and future pain and function in people with KA.

Methods
A cross-lagged panel design was applied to a secondary analysis of data from a randomized clinical trial of patients with pain catastrophizing. The 326 participants underwent KA and completed at least 7 of 9 health care diaries over the year following surgery. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain and physical function subscales were completed preoperatively and multiple times during follow-up. Separate cross-lagged panel analyses were conducted for WOMAC pain and physical function.

Results
From surgery to 2 months postsurgery, reciprocal associations were generally not found between physical therapy visit number and future pain or function. From 2 to 6 months postsurgery, a greater number of physical therapy weekly visits were associated with higher (worse) 6-month pain and function. Higher (worse) WOMAC pain at 2 and 6 months led to more visits from 2 to 6 and 6 to 12 months, respectively.

Conclusions
Higher pain scores 2 months postsurgery were associated with higher physical therapy use in the 2 to 6 months following surgery. However, patients with increased physical therapy use from 2 to 6 months had significantly higher pain scores 6 months postsurgery. Those patients with persistent pain 6 months postsurgery were higher users of physical therapy 6 to 12 months postsurgery. This reciprocal positive association between pain and physical therapy during this time period suggests minimal benefit of physical therapy despite an increased physical therapy use for patients with higher pain.

Impact
This is the first study to determine the association between the number and timing of physical therapy visits and current and future pain and function. Based on the results, physical therapy might not be a cost-effective strategy to treat patients with persistent pain following KA.