bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stakeholder pressure for sustainability: Can ‘innovative capabilities’ explain the idiosyncratic response in the manufacturing firms?
Authors: Jakhar Suresh Kumar , Bhattacharya Arijit , Rathore Himanshu , Mangla Sachin Kumar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study explores role of innovative capabilities in determining a manufacturing firm's response to stakeholder pressure for adopting sustainable practices. Drawing on the theory of conservatism, we delineate that the firm's response is idiosyncratic and undergirded in the nature of its innovative capabilities. Our empirical investigation reveals that the response to the stakeholder pressure is mediated by the nature of the firm's innovative capabilities. Indian manufacturing firms are identified as unit of analysis for this study. The individual manufacturing facilities implement the environmental practices. The findings suggest that the manufacturing firm's exposure to exploitative/exploratory innovative capabilities triggers sustainable behaviours with ephemeral focus and enduring focus. Further, the exploratory/exploitative innovation is capable of explaining idiosyncratic behaviour for the firms' sustainability practices adoption. The findings delineate, with analysis, that unlike China, regulatory stakeholder pressures in India inhibit the adoption of sustainable practices with enduring focus in manufacturing firms.
Biosurfactants: Production and application prospects in the food industry
Authors: Ribeiro Beatriz G. , Guerra Jenyffer M. C. , Sarubbo Leonie A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThere has been considerable interest in the use of biosurfactants due to the diversity of structures and the possibility of production from a variety of substrates. The potential for industrial applications has been growing, as these natural compounds are tolerant to common processing methods and can compete with synthetic surfactants with regards to the capacity to reduce surface and interfacial tensions as well as stabilise emulsions while offering the advantages of biodegradability and low toxicity. Among biosurfactant‐producing microorganisms, some yeasts present no risks of toxicity or pathogenicity, making them ideal for use in food formulations. Indeed, the use of these biomolecules in foods has attracted industrial interest due to their properties as emulsifiers and stabilizers of emulsions. Studies have also demonstrated other valuable properties, such as antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, enabling the aggregation of greater value to products and the avoidance of contamination both during and after processing. All these characteristics allow biosurfactants to be used as additives and versatile ingredients for the processing of foods. The present review discusses the potential application of biosurfactants as emulsifying agents in food formulations, such as salad dressing, bread, cakes, cookies, and ice cream. The antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti‐adhesive properties of these biomolecules are also discussed, demonstrating the need for further studies to make the use of the natural compounds viable in this expanding sector.
Exploring MDR‐TB Inhibitory Potential of 4‐Aminoquinazolines as Mycobacterium tuberculosis N‐Acetylglucosamine‐1‐Phosphate Uridyltransferase (GlmUMTB) Inhibitors
Authors: Patel Harun M. , Palkar Mahesh , Karpoormath Rajshekhar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDrug resistance tuberculosis is one of the challenging tasks that dictates the desperate need for the development of new antitubercular agents which operate via novel modes of action. Here, we are reporting on 4‐aminoquinazolines as M. tuberculosis N‐acetylglucosamine‐1‐phosphate uridyltransferase (GlmUMTB) inhibitors to overcome the problem of the MDR‐TB. Amongst the synthesized compounds, two of them were observed to be the effective compounds of the series (IC50=6.4 μM (H37Rv), MIC=25 μM (MDR‐TB) and IC50=2.9 μM (H37Rv), MIC=6.25 μM (MDR‐TB), respectively).
Persistent offenders and adolescence‐limited offenders: Differences in life‐courses
Authors: Pulkkinen Lea , Fadjukoff Päivi , Pitkänen Tuuli 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsAs our previous study indicated, almost half of juvenile delinquents continued offending in adulthood, while the rest ceased to do so. We compared these groups with each other and with non‐offenders in the life‐course use of alcohol, identity development and life situation.MethodsBased on the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development, four groups were formed at age 42 for men and women: persistent, adolescence‐limited and adult‐onset offenders and non‐offenders. Longitudinal data (N = 369; 53% males) have been collected at ages 8, 14, 20, 27, 36, 42 and 50.ResultsPersistent offending, but not adolescence‐limited offending, was associated with the accumulation of problems in adulthood and an elevated risk of death before age 54. For males, persistent offending was associated with heavy drinking from adolescence to middle age, diffuse identity, high divorce rates and poverty. For females, persistent offending was associated with heavy drinking in adulthood and a higher rate of being outside the workforce in middle age. In males, adolescence‐limited offending was associated with more controlled drinking in adulthood, and in females, with early divorce from the partner and advanced identity.ConclusionsDetecting the risks of the accumulation of problems and potential for positive transitions of juvenile delinquents until middle age will be important for prevention and treatment.
Ocular muscle metastasis as the initial presentation of a malignant pheochromocytoma: A unique case
Authors: Khataminia Gholamreza , Talaiezadeh Abdolhasan , Bagheri Ali , Nazari Pedram , Papan Amir Mohammad , Jazayeri Nematollah , Baghlani Roya 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss a unique manifestation of malignant pheochromocytoma, which presented with ocular pain. The histopathological study pointed to a possible pheochromocytoma origin. Subsequently, the patient underwent thorough imaging and paraclinical evaluations, which confirmed the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma.
Intercalated water in aqueous batteries
Authors: Xiao Biwei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe unprecedentedly growing demand for energy storage devices in recent years calls for diversified chemistries with unique advantages. When it comes to safety and cost, aqueous battery systems have attracted tremendous attention. Owing to its small size, high polarity, and hydrogen bonding, water in the electrode materials, either in the form of structural water or cointercalated hydrated cations, drastically change the electrochemical behavior through multiple aspects. This review discusses the roles of water in aqueous batteries from how water molecules coordinate with cations to examples of water‐mediated reactions in different types of host materials.
Partially Fluorinated Copolymers as Oxygen Sensitive 19F MRI Agents
Authors: Taylor Nicholas G. , Chung Sang Hun , Kwansa Albert L. , Johnson Rob R. , Teator Aaron J. , Milliken Nina J. B. , Koshlap Karl M. , Yingling Yaroslava G. , Lee Yueh Z. , Leibfarth Frank A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEffective diagnosis of disease and its progression can be aided by 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. Specifically, the inherent sensitivity of the spin–lattice relaxation time (T1) of 19F nuclei to oxygen partial pressure makes 19F MRI an attractive non‐invasive approach to quantify tissue oxygenation in a spatiotemporal manner. However, there are only few materials with the adequate sensitivity to be used as oxygen‐sensitive 19F MRI agents at clinically relevant field strengths. Motivated by the limitations in current technologies, we report highly fluorinated monomers that provide a platform approach to realize water‐soluble, partially fluorinated copolymers as 19F MRI agents with the required sensitivity to quantify solution oxygenation at clinically relevant magnetic field strengths. The synthesis of a systematic library of partially fluorinated copolymers enabled a comprehensive evaluation of copolymer structure–property relationships relevant to 19F MRI. The highest‐performing material composition demonstrated a signal‐to‐noise ratio that corresponded to an apparent 19F density of 220 mm, which surpasses the threshold of 126 mm 19F required for visualization on a three Tesla clinical MRI. Furthermore, the T1 of these high performing materials demonstrated a linear relationship with solution oxygenation, with oxygen sensitivity reaching 240×10−5 mmHg−1s−1. The relationships between material composition and 19F MRI performance identified herein suggest general structure–property criteria for the further improvement of modular, water‐soluble 19F MRI agents for quantifying oxygenation in environments relevant to medical imaging.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Heptacene Generation under Ambient Conditions: Utilization of Single‐crystal Interior as an Isolated Reaction Site
Authors: Hayashi Hironobu , Hieda Nao , Yamauchi Mitsuaki , Chan Yee Seng , Aratani Naoki , Masuo Sadahiro , Yamada Hiroko 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe photo‐induced generation of unstable molecules generally requires stringent conditions to prevent oxidation and the concomitant decomposition of the products. The visible‐light‐induced conversion of two heptacene precursors to heptacene was studied. Single crystals of bis‐ and mono‐α‐diketone‐type heptacene precursors (7‐DK2 and 7‐DK1, respectively), were prepared to investigate the effect of precursor structure on reactivity. The photoirradiation of a 7‐DK2 single crystal cleaved only one α‐diketone group, forming an intermediate bearing a pentacene subunit, while that of a 7‐DK1 single crystal gave rise to characteristic absorption peaks of heptacene and their increase in intensity with photoirradiation time, indicating the generation of heptacene without decomposition. Heptacene production was not observed when the precursors were photoirradiated in solution, implying that the single crystal interior provided isolation from the external environment, thus preventing heptacene oxidation.
Digital Extraction Column: Measurement and Modeling Techniques
Authors: Hlawitschka Mark W. , Schulz Jonas , Wirz Dominic , Schäfer Jan , Keller Alexander , Bart Hans‐Jörg 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe digitization of extraction columns requires a profound knowledge of the present hydrodynamics/mass transport interaction as well as appropriate measurement techniques for the detection of relevant input and target values. In this article, the different techniques for droplet size distribution as well as concentration determination are presented and new methods for online evaluation are discussed. In combination with the simulation of droplet size, holdup and solute concentration distribution, an online‐capable process tool for controlling and optimizing extraction columns will be obtained.
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety of the Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonist Lemborexant: Findings From Single‐Dose and Multiple‐Ascending‐Dose Phase 1 Studies in Healthy Adults
Authors: Landry Ishani , Nakai Kenya , Ferry Jim , Aluri Jagadeesh , Hall Nancy , Lalovic Bojan , Moline Margaret L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLemborexant, a dual orexin receptor antagonist, is approved for the treatment of insomnia and is under investigation for treating other sleep disorders. Here we summarize pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and safety data from 3 randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase 1 studies: single ascending doses in healthy adults (Study 001; 1‐200 mg; N = 64), multiple ascending doses in healthy and elderly adults (Study 002; 2.5‐75 mg; N = 55), and multiple doses in healthy white and Japanese adults (Study 003; 2.5‐25 mg; N = 32). Lemborexant exposure increased with increasing dose. The time to maximum concentration ranged from approximately 1 to 3 hours for the 5‐ and 10‐mg doses. The mean effective half‐life was 17 hours for lemborexant 5 mg and 19 hours for lemborexant 10 mg. The plasma concentration at 9 hours postdose was 27% of the maximum concentration following multiple dosing with lemborexant 10 mg. There were no clinically relevant effects on next‐morning residual sleepiness (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, Digital Symbol Substitution Test, Psychomotor Vigilance Test) for doses through 10 mg/day, indicating no effect of residual plasma concentrations on next‐day residual effects. Lemborexant was well tolerated across the doses tested. There were no clinically relevant effects of age, sex, or race on lemborexant pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, or safety. These results suggest that lemborexant at doses through 25 mg provides an overall pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and safety profile suitable for obtaining the target pharmacologic effect supporting treatment of insomnia while minimizing residual effects during wake time.
Molecular Motions and Interactions in Aqueous Solutions of Thymosin‐β4, Stabilin CTD and Their 1 : 1 Complex, Studied by 1H‐NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Bokor M. , Tantos Á. , Mészáros A. , Jenei B. , Haminda R. , Tompa P. , Tompa K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWide‐line 1H NMR measurements were extended and all results were interpreted in a thermodynamics‐based new approach on aqueous solutions of thymosin‐β4 (Tβ4), stabilin cytoplasmic domain (CTD), and their 1 : 1 complex. Energy distributions of potential barriers controlling the motion of protein‐bound water molecules were determined. Heterogeneous and homogeneous regions were found in the protein‐water interface. The measure of heterogeneity of this interface gives quantitative value for the portion of disordered parts in the protein. Ordered structural elements were found extending up to ∼20 % of the individual whole proteins. About 40 % of the binding sites of free Tβ4 get involved in bonds holding the complex together. The complex has the most heterogeneous solvent accessible surface (SAS) in terms of protein‐water interactions. The complex is more disordered than Tβ4 or stabilin CTD. The greater SAS area of the complex is interpreted as a clear sign of its open structure.
Introducing an Expanded Trinucleotide Repeat Tract into the Human Genome for Huntington's Disease Modeling In Vitro
Authors: Malankhanova Tuyana , Sorokin Michael , Medvedev Sergey , Zakian Suren , Malakhova Anastasia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn neurodegeneration studies, researchers are faced with problems such as limited material availability and late disease manifestation. Cell models provide the opportunity to investigate molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis. Moreover, genome editing technologies enable generation of isogenic cell models of hereditary diseases. Our protocol outlines an approach for introducing an expanded CAG repeat tract into the first exon of the HTT gene, the Huntington's disease causing mutation. The protocol allows modeling the disease at various severity levels by introducing different numbers of CAG repeats. Furthermore, the protocol can be applicable for modeling other diseases caused by trinucleotide repeat expansion. It is important to note there are many difficulties with cloning repeated sequences and amplification of GC‐rich regions. Here, we also propose troubleshooting options, which overcome these problems. The protocol is based on CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated homologous recombination with a uniquely designed donor plasmid harboring an expanded CAG tract flanked with long homology arms. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Design and assembling donor and CRISPR/Cas9‐expressing plasmidsBasic Protocol 2: Transfection of cells with plasmids and sorting GFP‐positive cellsBasic Protocol 3: PCR screening single‐cell clones and validation of the mutant HTT expression
Selective Synthesis of Symmetrical Secondary Amines from Nitriles with a Pt−CuFe/Fe3O4 Catalyst and Ammonia Borane as Hydrogen Donor
Authors: Guo Rongxiu , He GuangQi , Liu Lei , Ai Yongjian , Hu Ze‐nan , Zhang Xinyue , Tian Haimeng , Sun Hong‐bin , Niu Dun , Liang Qionglin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHydrogenation of nitriles is an efficient and environmentally friendly route to synthesize symmetrical secondary amines, but it usually produces a mixture of amines, imines, and hydrogenolysis by‐products. Herein we report a magnetic quaternary‐component Pt−CuFe/Fe3O4 nanocatalyst system for the selective synthesis of symmetrical secondary amines with ammonia borane as hydrogen donor. The catalyst with a low Pt loading (0.456 wt%) is the source of the activity, and the d‐band electron transfer from Cu to Fe enhances the selectivity. This synergistic effect results in the transformation of benzonitrile to dibenzylamine with excellent conversion (up to 99 %) and nearly quantitative selectivity (up to 96 %) under mild reaction conditions, nevertheless, the reaction TOF is as high as up to 1409.9 h−1. A variety of nitriles are suitable for the synthesis of symmetrical secondary amines. More importantly, unwanted hydrogenolysis byproducts, especially toluene, is not detected at all. In addition, the catalyst is magnetically recoverable, and it can be reused up to five times.
LED‐NMR Monitoring of an Enantioselective Catalytic [2+2] Photocycloaddition
Authors: Skubi Kazimer L. , Swords Wesley B. , Hofstetter Heike , Yoon Tehshik P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe report that an NMR spectrometer equipped with a high‐power LED light source can be used to study a fast enantioselective photocatalytic [2+2] cycloaddition. While traditional ex situ applications of NMR provide considerable information on reaction mechanisms, they are often ineffective for observing fast reactions. Recently, motivated by renewed interest in organic photochemistry, several approaches have been reported for in situ monitoring of photochemical reactions. These previously disclosed methods, however, have rarely been applied to rapid (<5 min) photochemical reactions. Furthermore, these approaches have not previously been used to interrogate the mechanisms of photocatalytic energy‐transfer reactions. In the present work, we describe our experimental setup and demonstrate its utility by determining a phenomenological rate law for a model photocatalytic energy‐transfer cycloaddition reaction.
Oxygen‐Defect‐Rich Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles for Practical Water Electrolysis with High Activity and Durability
Authors: Debnath Bharati , Parvin Sahanaz , Dixit Harsha , Bhattacharyya Sayan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe scope of any metal oxide as a catalyst for driving electrocatalytic reactions depends on its electronic structure, which is correlated to its oxygen‐defect density. Likewise, to transform a spinel oxide, such as cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4), into a worthy universal‐pH, bifunctional electrocatalyst for the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER, respectively), oxygen defects need to be regulated. Prepared by coprecipitation and inert calcination at 650 °C, CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) require 253 and 300 mV OER overpotentials to reach current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively, if nickel foam is used as a substrate. With cost‐effective carbon fiber paper, the OER overpotential increases to 372 mV at 10 mA cm−2 at pH 14. The NPs prepared at 550 °C require HER overpotentials of 218, 245, and 314 mV at −10 mA cm−2 in alkaline, acidic, and neutral pH, respectively. The intrinsic activity is reflected from turnover frequencies of >3 O2 s−1 and >5 H2 s−1 at overpotentials of 398 and 259 mV, respectively. If coupled for overall water splitting, the extremely durable two‐electrode electrolyzer requires a cell potential of only 1.63 V to reach 10 mA cm−2 at pH 14. The homologous couple also splits seawater at impressively low cell voltages of 1.72 and 1.47 V at room temperature and 80 °C, respectively.
Nontargeted Analysis Strategy for the Identification of Phenolic Compounds in Complex Technical Lignin Samples
Authors: Prothmann Jens , Li Kena , Hulteberg Christian , Spégel Peter , Sandahl Margareta , Turner Charlotta 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLignin is the second most abundant biopolymer in nature and a promising renewable resource for aromatic chemicals. For the understanding of different lignin isolation and conversion processes, the identification of phenolic compounds is of importance. However, given the vast number of possible chemical transformations, the prediction of produced phenolic structures is challenging and a nontargeted analysis method is therefore needed. In this study, a nontargeted analysis method has been developed for the identification of phenolic compounds by using an ultrahigh‐performance supercritical fluid chromatography–high‐resolution multiple stage tandem mass spectrometry method, combined with a Kendrick mass defect‐based classification model. The method is applied to a Lignoboost Kraft lignin (LKL), a sodium lignosulfonate lignin (SLS), and a depolymerized Kraft lignin (DKL) sample. In total, 260 tentative phenolic compounds are identified in the LKL sample, 50 in the SLS sample, and 77 in the DKL sample.
Adult‐onset type 1 diabetic patients with less severe clinical manifestation have less risk DR‐DQ genotypes than childhood‐onset patients
Authors: Ren Wenqian , Yang Daizhi , Jiang Ziyu , Xian Yingxin , Huang Qianwen , Luo Sihui , Zheng Xueying , Yan Jinhua , Xu Wen , Yao Bin , Wang Cong‐Yi , Bei Jin‐Xin , Groop Leif , Noble Janelle A , Weng Jianping 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate differences in clinical features and HLA genotypes between adult‐onset and childhood‐onset patients with type 1 diabetes in a Chinese population.Materials and MethodsThis study enrolled 716 Han Chinese patients with type 1 diabetes from Guangdong (258 childhood‐onset and 458 adult‐onset) to compare their clinical features. Of them 214 patients with classical type 1 diabetes (100 childhood‐onset and 114 adult‐onset) were selected for HLA DR and DQ genotyping by next‐generation sequencing.ResultsAdult‐onset patients were characterized by longer duration of symptoms before diagnosis, lower frequency of DKA at disease onset, less frequent autoantibody positivity, higher serum C‐peptide concentrations, and better glycemic control. These findings were replicated in the restricted cohort of 214 patients with classical type 1 diabetes. Compared with childhood‐onset patients, adult‐onset patients had a lower frequency of the DR9 haplotype, as well as lower frequency of high‐risk DR3/DR4 and DR3/DR9 genotypes, but higher frequency of DR3/DR3 genotype and DR3/X, DR4/X or DR9/X (X, non‐risk) genotypes.ConclusionsAdult‐onset type 1 diabetic patients with susceptible haplotypes (DR3, DR4 or DR9) were more likely to carry protective DR‐DQ haplotypes than childhood‐onset patients, which suggested the association between less risk DR‐DQ genotypes and the less severe clinical manifestation in adult‐onset patients.
Development and characterization of an Otp conditional loss of function allele
Authors: Hu Yu , Li Jiamin , Zhu Yuyuan , Li Mengqi , Lin Jianbang , Yang Lixin , Wang Chuan , Lu Zhonghua 
Published: May 2020

SummaryOrthopedia (Otp) is a homeodomain transcription factor that plays an essential role in the development of hypothalamic neurosecretory systems. Loss of Otp results in the failure of differentiation of key hypothalamic neuroendocrine cell types, and pups die soon after birth. Although the constitutive knockout Otp mouse model (Otp
KO) has significantly expanded our understanding of Otp's function in vivo, a conditional loss of function Otp allele that enables tissue or cell‐type specific ablation of Otp has not been developed. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 gene‐editing technology to generate a conditional Otp knockout mouse line in which exon 2 of the murine Otp gene is flanked by LoxP sites (Otp
f/f). Crossing the Otp
f/f mouse with Agrp‐Ires‐cre mouse, we demonstrate the requirement for Otp in the continuous differentiation of AgRP neurons after cell fate determination. We also show that the residual AgRP neurons in Agrp‐Ires‐cre;Otp
f/f mice project to similar downstream target regions. This newly developed Otp
f/f mouse can be used to explore the functions of Otp with cell‐type or temporal specificity.