bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caveolar communication with xenobiotic-stalled ribosomes compromises gut barrier integrity
Authors: Park Seong-Hwan , Kim Juil , Moon Yuseok 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn response to internal and external insults, the intestinal lining undergoes various types of epithelial adaptation or pathologic distress via stress-responsive eIF2α kinase signaling and subsequent cellular reprogramming. As a vital platform for growth factor-linked adaptive signaling, caveolae were evaluated for epithelial modulation of the insulted gut. Patients under ulcerative insult displayed enhanced expression of caveolin-1, the main structural component of caveolae, which was positively associated with expression of protein kinase R (PKR), the ribosomal stress-responsive eIF2α kinase. PKR-linked biological responses were simulated in experimental gut models of ribosome-inactivating stress using mice and Caenorhabditis elegans. Caveolar activation counteracted the expression of wound-protective epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its target genes, such as chemokines that were pivotal for epithelial integrity in the ribosome-inactivated gut. Mechanistic findings regarding ribosomal inactivation-associated disorders in the gut barrier provide crucial molecular evidence for detrimental caveolar actions against EGFR-mediated epithelial protection in patients with IBD.
Predicting Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scores From Measures of Speech and Language
Authors: Wisler Alan A. , Fletcher Annalise R. , McAuliffe Megan J. 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
This study examined the relationship between measurements derived from spontaneous speech and participants' scores on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment.

Method

Participants (
N
= 521) aged between 64 and 97 years completed the cognitive assessment and were prompted to describe an early childhood memory. A range of acoustic and linguistic measures was extracted from the resulting speech sample. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator approach was used to model the relationship between acoustic, lexical, and demographic information and participants' scores on the cognitive assessment.

Results
Using the covariance test statistic, four important variables were identified, which, together, explained 16.52% of the variance in participants' cognitive scores.

Conclusions
The degree to which cognition can be accurately predicted through spontaneously produced speech samples is limited. Statistically significant relationships were found between specific measurements of lexical variation, participants' speaking rate, and their scores on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment.
The EXOD search for faint transients in XMM-Newton observations: Method and discovery of four extragalactic Type I X-ray bursters
Authors: Pastor-Marazuela I. , Webb N. A. , Wojtowicz D. T. , van Leeuwen J. 
Published: May 2020

Context. The observations carried out with XMM-Newton have produced a very extensive X-ray source catalogue in which the standard pipeline determines the variability of sufficiently bright sources through χ2 and fractional variability tests. Faint sources, however, are not automatically checked for variability, and this means that faint, short timescale transients are overlooked. From dedicated X-ray searches, as well as optical and radio archive searches, we know that some such dim sources can still be identified with high confidence.
Aims. Our goal is to find new faint, fast transients in XMM-Newton EPIC-pn observations. To that end we created the EPIC-pn XMM-Newton outburst detector (EXOD) algorithm, which we run on the EPIC-pn full-frame data available in the 3XMM-DR8 catalogue.
Methods. In EXOD, we computed the variability of the whole field of view by first binning in time the counts detected in each pixel of the detector. We next computed the difference between the median and maximal number of counts in each time bin and pixel to detect variability. We applied EXOD to 5751 observations in the full frame mode and compared the variability of the detected sources to the standard χ2 and Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) variability tests.
Results. The algorithm is able to detect periodic and aperiodic variability, with both short and long flares. Of the sources detected by EXOD, 60−95% are also shown to be variable by the standard χ2 and KS tests. EXOD computes the variability over the entire field of view faster than the light curve generation takes for all the individual sources. We detect a total of 2961 X-ray variable sources. After removing the spurious detections, we obtain a net number of 2536 variable sources. Of these we investigate the nature of 35 sources with no previously confirmed classification. Amongst the new sources, we find stellar flares and AGNs, in addition to four extragalactic type I X-ray bursters that double the known neutron-star population in M 31.
Conclusions. This algorithm is a powerful tool for the prompt detection of interesting variable sources in XMM-Newton observations. EXOD also detects fast transients that other variability tests would classify as non-variable due to their short duration and low number of counts. This is of increasing importance for the multi-messenger detection of transient sources. Finally, EXOD allows us to identify the nature of compact objects through their variability and to detect rare compact objects. We demonstrate this through the discovery of four extragalactic neutron-star low-mass X-ray binaries, doubling the number of known neutron stars in M 31.
Room temperature water infusion during colonoscopy insertion induces rectosigmoid colon mucus production
Authors: El Rahyel Ahmed , McWhinney Connor D. , Parsa Nasim , Lahr Rachel E. , Vemulapalli Krishna C. , Rex Douglas K. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Water filling during colonoscopy improves several colonoscopy outcomes. We evaluated an anecdotal observation that room temperature water filling during colonoscope insertion results in mucus production in the left colon, which may impair mucosal visualization during withdrawal.
Methods We performed 55 colonoscopies with either water or saline filling during insertion, and video recorded the examinations. Three blinded observers scored the amount of mucus visible on the video recordings.
Results 29 patients had water filling and 26 patients had saline filling during insertion. Demographic features, procedure indications, volume of infused fluid, and insertion time to the cecum were similar in the two groups. All three blinded observers rated the mucus as greater after water filling than after saline (median 3 out of 5 vs. 1 out of 5; P < 0.001), with a kappa value for interobserver agreement of 0.364 (P < 0.001).
Conclusion Room temperature water filling is associated with mucus production by the rectosigmoid colon, requiring additional cleansing during withdrawal.
The over-the-scope grasper (OTSG)
Authors: Brand Markus , Hofmann Nico , Ho Chi-Nghia , Meining Alexander 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Endoscopic removal of foreign bodies, coagulated blood, or necrotic debris is sometimes challenging and time-consuming, partly because of inadequate endoscopic instruments. Therefore, new devices are needed to overcome the current limitations.
Methods The over-the-scope grasper (OTSG) is a new grasping tool that can be attached to any standard gastroscope. It has been developed for endoscopic removal of larger particles. We present retrospective data on five patients who were treated using the device for various indications, including necrosectomy, bolus impaction, and removal of blood clots.
Results In two patients, the OTSG was used through a lumen-apposing metal stent for direct endoscopic necrosectomy after severe pancreatitis. The other patients had a massive blood clot in the esophagus after endoscopic submucosal dissection, or aphagia due to large meat chunks clogging the esophagus. The OTSG was used with technical success in all of the patients and without any procedure-associated complications.
Conclusion The OTSG appears to be a useful device for endoscopic removal of larger particles, blood clots, or necrotic debris. Preliminary experience shows that the device is effective and easy to use.
The social life of wheat and grapes: domestic land-grabbing as accumulation by dispossession in rural Egypt
Authors: Ahmed Yasmine Moataz 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
In the last three decades, Egypt’s rural population has experienced different types of struggle over land as a result of neoliberal land reforms, which have favoured landowners and marginalised tenants’ interests. While the literature highlighted the negative effects on the tenants, little attention was given to what landlords did with the land after the reforms. Drawing on fieldwork conducted between 2011 and 2013 in five Egyptian villages, the article addresses this lacuna by investigating tenants’ understanding of land-use change. Using a revised conceptualisation of Marx’s metabolic rift, the article shows that evicted tenants understand this shift as part of a domestic land grab that disrupted the ecological system. The article therefore conceptualises land dispossession and domestic land grabs as mutually reinforcing processes and draws particular attention to the sensorial dimensions associated with domestic land grab, in addition to the political and economic dimensions.
Random motion of a circle microswimmer in a random environment
Authors: Chepizhko Oleksandr , Franosch Thomas 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We simulate the dynamics of a single circle microswimmer exploring a disordered array of fixed obstacles. The interplay of two different types of randomness, quenched disorder and stochastic noise, is investigated to unravel their impact on the transport properties. We compute lines of isodiffusivity as a function of the rotational diffusion coefficient and the obstacle density. We find that increasing noise or disorder tends to amplify diffusion, yet for large randomness the competition leads to a strong suppression of transport. We rationalize both the suppression and amplification of transport by comparing the relevant time scales of the free motion to the mean period between collisions with obstacles.
Withdrawn: Spatio-temporal of Dirac and Klein Gordon particles in a one-dimensional box
Authors: Ullah Kamran , Khan Mustafa , Hussain Jameel 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
It has come to the attention of the Editors of Chinese Physics B that the article entitled 'Spatio-temporal of Dirac and Klein Gordon particles in a one-dimensional box' should not have been accepted for publication because of its substantial replication of a published article. Consequently, this paper has been withdrawn from publication.
Computational modeling of the auditory brainstem response to continuous speech
Authors: Saiz-Alía Marina , Reichenbach Tobias 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objective. The auditory brainstem response can be recorded non-invasively from scalp electrodes and serves as an important clinical measure of hearing function. We have recently shown how the brainstem response at the fundamental frequency of continuous, non-repetitive speech can be measured, and have used this measure to demonstrate that the response is modulated by selective attention. However, different parts of the speech signal as well as several parts of the brainstem contribute to this response. Here we employ a computational model of the brainstem to elucidate the influence of these different factors. Approach. We developed a computational model of the auditory brainstem by combining a model of the middle and inner ear with a model of globular bushy cells in the cochlear nuclei and with a phenomenological model of the inferior colliculus. We then employed the model to investigate the neural response to continuous speech at different stages in the brainstem, following the methodology developed recently by ourselves for detecting the brainstem response to running speech from scalp recordings. We compared the simulations with recordings from healthy volunteers. Main results. We found that the auditory-nerve fibers, the cochlear nuclei and the inferior colliculus all contributed to the speech-evoked brainstem response, although the dominant contribution came from the inferior colliculus. The delay of the response corresponded to that observed in experiments. We further found that a broad range of harmonics of the fundamental frequency, up to about 8 kHz, contributed to the brainstem response. The response declined with increasing fundamental frequency, although the signal-to-noise ratio was largely unaffected. Significance. Our results suggest that the scalp-recorded brainstem response at the fundamental frequency of speech originates predominantly in the inferior colliculus. They further show that the response is shaped by a large number of higher harmonics of the fundamental frequency, reflecting highly nonlinear processing in the auditory periphery and illustrating the complexity of the response.
Mathematical models to support the formation of effective options for compromise income tax rates for regional enterprises
Authors: Bondarenko Yu V , Goroshko I V , Azarnova T V , Gus’kova O S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The article is devoted to the development of a set of mathematical models and algorithms to support the formation of income tax rates in the regional budget, which provide a compromise for the interests of regional authorities, business leaders and the public. To support the formation of effective options for compromise income tax rates, a two-level algorithm is proposed based on mathematical models and methods. The proposed models differ in the level of aggregation of enterprises in the region’s economic system. At the upper level, options for income tax rates in the regional budget for enterprise groups are determined. Rates are formed on the basis of the principle of harmonizing tax revenues to the regional budget, the number of jobs and profits of the group’s enterprises. At the lower level, optimization models are proposed for targeted adjustment of the income tax rate for socially significant enterprises in the region. The software implementation of the proposed models and algorithms allows a reasonable calculation of income tax rates using statistical information.
Assessment of the behavior uncertainty level of the short time series
Authors: Demidova L A , Stepanov M A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The article considers the problem of assessing the level of uncertainty in the behavior of the short time series. The approach to solving this problem, based on the use of the fuzzy linear regression equation with the asymmetric parameters has been proposed. The methods for assessing the level of uncertainty in the behavior of the short time series using the fuzzy similarity measures have been considered. A herewith, the time series which describes the equation of the classical linear regression is used as the standard time series. The presented results of experimental studies confirm the effectiveness of using the proposed approach to assess the level of uncertainty in the behavior of the short time series.
Information security system model in the automated system developed in the simulation software environment CPN Tools
Authors: Bokova O I , Kanavin S V , Meshcheryakov V A , Khokhlov N S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This article through simulation provides the functioning mathematical model of information security system (ISS) from unauthorized access (UAA) in automated systems (AS). The model is developed in CPN Tools software environment for its analysis, getting probabilistic-temporal characteristics and its further comparison with the analytical model. The systematic analysis of functional components in ISS from UAA highlighted its key subsystems. Integrated CPN Tools breaks the model into subsystems by preserving ISS functioning logics from UAA, and observes the taking processes. This model performs the computation experiment, namely, researches ISS real consumer properties from UAA in AS, which in following researches provides the analysis software complex development and qualitative assessment of the similar systems functioning. Simulation results of ISS functioning process from UAA in AS can be various characteristics of each state, describing the system work both generally and for its subsystems. The programming Metalanguage, used in CPN Tools adjusts the simulation model and controls the marker random transition from the initial state to final through intermediate, determines transition properties, enters different marker types, sets time delays, etc. The article substantiates the required transitions by ISS simulation model from UAA in AS to get reliable characteristics as the further research direction.
Conditions for homeomorphism of sets modeled by randomized iterated function systems
Authors: Bukhovets Alexey G , Moskalev Pavel V , Semin Evgeny A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Numerical modeling of fractal sets using randomized iterated function systems can be implemented in two ways. The first of them is known as the chaos game, and the other is associated with the construction of a transformation matrix, the elements of which are the sums of terms of a converging series, divided by given classes. The last way allows us to relatively easily generate realizations of homeomorphic prefractal sets with similar topological properties.
Convective heat and mass transfer modeling under crystal growth by vertical Bridgman method
Authors: Fedyushkin A I , Burago N G , Puntus A A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the results of numerical modeling by the finite element method (FEM) of convective heat and mass transfer during the growth of single crystals by the vertical Bridgman method with a submerged heater. Numerical calculations were performed using the implicit matrixless finite element method based on the iterative process of conjugate gradients and significantly reducing the requirements for RAM and computer speed. The effects of gravity, rotation, crystallization rate and vibration on heat and mass transfer in the melt, the geometry of the crystallization front, and the thickness of the boundary layers were studied. It is shown that the above effects can be effectively used to control the distribution of impurities in crystals grown by the vertical Bridgman method.
On the specificity of modeling market dynamics
Authors: Kontsevaya Natalya V 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The paper presents a systematic approach to the selection of methods and algorithms suitable for modeling the dynamics of market indicators. The directions and stages of modeling and forecasting market dynamics in the study of short time series based on the use of fictitious and lag variables, as well as adaptive methods, are formulated. It is shown how the specificity of the data and the size of the series of observations affect the choice of suitable mathematical methods. A range of models suitable for approximating short time series has been determined. Studying the example of labor market research, the choice of the Holt-Winters multiplicative model as the best is substantiated. The model makes it possible to adequately approximate the damping of the oscillation amplitude synchronously with the initial process. When studying the dynamics of real estate market prices, the possibilities of using lag variables as a leading indicator for the purpose of short-term forecasting are shown.
Computer modelling of statistical, structural and neural network methods of pattern recognition
Authors: Novikova N M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Pattern recognition is one of the most important tasks of both intelligent control systems and arti cial intelligence. The paper substantiates the relevance of the study of computer modelling of statistical, structural and neural network methods of pattern recognition. The article presents a comparative analysis of the quality of pattern recognition using the Hamming neural network and the statistical algorithm. The analysis shows that the use of the Hamming neural network is preferable in most cases. Computer modelling of the structural method using the Freeman code gives a description that allows us to unambiguously assign an object to its class. Based on the analysis of the results of computer modelling, the positive and negative aspects of each method are revealed. As a result, the structural method is the most optimal.
A new computing approach to problem of vibrational electromagnetic modes in one-dimentional photonic crystals with defects
Authors: Timoshenko Yury K , Yu Savchenko Sergey , Smirnov Yuri V 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this paper we describe new algorithm of calculating total density of electromagnetic states in one-dimensional photonic dielectric crystals. Our algoritm do not use unitary transformations and have low computational complexity. We are implemented it on Fortran in sequential and parallel variants.
Modeling of mesoscopic superconducting suspensions by the method of integral equations
Authors: Bataronov I L , Shunin G E , Kostryukov S A , Peshkov V V , Shunina V A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A mathematical model of the current density distribution in an axially symmetric system of superconductors in an external magnetic field is formulated within the framework of the integral form of London equations. The discretization of the model is carried out and the stability and convergence of the computational scheme are investigated. The distribution of magnetic induction, the density of currents in the ring and the sphere and the attractive force between them are calculated. The possibility of stable levitation of the sphere near the center of the ring is shown.
Digital simulator of a random process using Markov model
Authors: Glushkov A N , Kalinin M Y , Litvinenko V P , Litvinenko Y V 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Sources (generators) of random processes (signals) are widely used in various technology areas as software modules in computer simulations or hardware blocks in experimental works. The equipment can be built on analog or digital bases. Noise physical sources (generators) form random processes of a certain type (Gaussian noise), which properties and characteristics are set very approximately. Digital generators (sensors) of pseudo-random processes have better technical characteristics, but the range of their types is very limited. The random signal simulator should form its values with specified statistical characteristics (probability distribution and its parameters, correlation properties, etc.) and the possibility of changing them. From this point of view, the Markov model of random process (a simple Markov chain) provides good results. It is the base for a structural scheme of the simple digital algorithm to form pseudo-random numbers and the hardware simulator implementation, to research its capabilities and effectiveness.
Application of compact grid-characteristic schemes for acoustic problems
Authors: Golubev V I , Khokhlov N I , Nikitin I S , Churyakov M A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This work is devoted to the numerical solution of the acoustic problem. It has a lot of important applications, for example, direct and inverse problems of the seismic survey process. The grid-characteristic approach was used to transform the problem into a set of independent linear transport equations. In one-dimensional case explicit numerical schemes for continuous and discontinuous materials were derived. Using differential sequences of initial equations, the new compact scheme on the two-point spatial stencil was proposed. A set of numerical experiments with different initial conditions and materials were carried out. Direct numerical simulations proved the third order of the approximation.