bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medication use and cognitive impairment among residents of aged care facilities
Authors: Shafiee Hanjani Leila , Hubbard Ruth E. , Freeman Christopher R. , Gray Leonard C. , Scott Ian A. , Peel Nancye M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundPotentially inappropriate polypharmacy is common in residential aged care facilities (RACF). This is of particular concern among people with cognitive impairment who, compared with cognitively intact residents, are potentially more sensitive to the adverse effects of medications.AimTo compare the patterns of medication prescribing of RACF residents based on cognitive status.MethodsDe‐identified data collected during telehealth‐mediated geriatric consultations with 720 permanent RACF residents were analysed. Residents were categorised into cognitively intact, mild to moderate impairment and severe impairment groups using the interRAI Cognitive Performance Scale. The number of all regular and when‐required medications used in the past 3 days, the level of exposure to anti‐cholinergic/sedative medications and potentially inappropriate medications and the use of preventive and symptom control medications were compared across the groups.ResultsThe median number of medications was 10 (interquartile range (IQR) 8–14). Cognitively intact residents were receiving significantly more medications (median (IQR) 13 (10–16)) than those with mild to moderate (10 (7–13)) or severe (9 (7–12)) cognitive impairment (P < 0.001). Overall, 82% of residents received at least one anti‐cholinergic/sedative medication and 26.9% were exposed to one or more potentially inappropriate medications, although the proportions of those receiving such medications were not significantly different across the groups. Of 7658 medications residents were taking daily, 21.3% and 11.7% were classified as symptom control and preventive medications respectively with no significant difference among the groups in their use.ConclusionOur findings highlight the need for optimising prescribing in RACF residents, with particular attention to medications with anti‐cholinergic effects.
Long‐term follow up of serum pepsinogens in patients with gastric cancer or dysplasia after Helicobacter pylori eradication
Authors: Noh Gitark , Kim Nayoung , Choi Yonghoon , Lee Hye Seung , Hwang Young Jae , Kim Hee Jin , Yoon Hyuk , Shin Cheol Min , Park Young Soo , Lee Dong Ho 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground and AimFew studies have evaluated the change in serum pepsinogen (sPG) levels after the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of H. pylori eradication on sPG levels in patients with gastric cancer/dysplasia in comparison to a control group.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled 368 patients with gastric cancer/dysplasia and 610 control subjects. H. pylori status and sPG levels were measured before and after eradication. The follow‐up time points were classified as < 12, 12–23, 24–35, and ≥ 36 months.ResultsIn 179 H. pylori‐eradicated patients with gastric cancer/dysplasia and 168 control group subjects, sPG I significantly decreased, and the sPG I/II ratio significantly increased after eradication compared to baseline, and this improvement in sPG values was maintained during all follow‐up time points. Significant differences in sPG I and the sPG I/II ratio were observed between the gastric cancer/dysplasia group and the control group < 24 months after eradication. However, these differences in sPG values disappeared after ≥ 24 months of follow up. Moreover, significant differences in the intestinal metaplasia grade were observed between these two groups before eradication until < 24 months after eradication. However, these differences in the intestinal metaplasia grade disappeared after ≥ 24 months of follow up in the corpus.ConclusionThe sPG values and intestinal metaplasia grade (corpus) in the gastric cancer/dysplasia group became similar to those in the control group at long‐term follow up after H. pylori eradication. It might be related with the reduction of metachronous gastric neoplasm.
Facial treatment with acoustic wave therapy for improvement of facial skin texture, pores and wrinkles
Authors: Adatto Maurice A. , Adatto‐Neilson Robyn M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundA frequent demand among the female and male population is the reduction of facial wrinkles and pores, and additionally, the improvement of the facial skin texture preferentially achieved by noninvasive treatments.AimsThe objective of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of acoustic wave therapy (AWT) and extracorporeal pulse activation therapy (EPAT) technology using mechanical waves in the treatment of facial skin.MethodsTreatment was performed on the face of 12 patients, with the D‐ACTOR 200 (Storz Medical AG) using radial acoustic wave technology, EPAT. Within 6 weeks, six acoustic wave treatment sessions have been performed. A follow‐up visit was performed 6 weeks after the last treatment.ResultsMeasurements with the 3D camera system clearly and objectively demonstrate a significant diminution in facial wrinkles and pores. Additionally, an improvement in skin texture was recognized.ConclusionsThis study, although performed on a small number of patients, tends to show the safety and efficacy of radial AWT in treating facial wrinkles, skin texture, and pores and in a noninvasive way.
Behavioural categories of professionalism of nurses in Poland and Belarus: A comparative survey
Authors: Marcinowicz Ludmila , Shpakou Andrei , Piatrou Siarhei , Fejfer‐Wirbal Ewa , Dudzik Agnieszka , Kalinowska Paulina , Palubinskaya Sviatlana , Wojnar Danuta 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAim and objectivesTo compare the self‐reported level of professionalism among nurses in Poland and Belarus and to indicate the areas in which differences in professional behaviours of nurses in both countries exist.BackgroundNurses constitute the largest group of healthcare providers, and the term professionalism is closely related to nursing profession.DesignThis investigation is a comparative survey and descriptive analysis of professional behaviours among nurses in Poland (n = 205) and Belarus (n = 236). The study was reported according to the STROBE checklist.MethodsThe Professionalism in Nursing Behaviors’ Inventory Image Survey adapted from Adams and Miller (2001) was used to collect the data. The questionnaire contains 46 questions addressing the following behavioural categories: educational preparation, publications, research, professional organisation, community service, competence, code for nurses, theory and autonomy.ResultsThe mean total score of professionalism was significantly different between the two countries (p < .0001). Significant differences, with higher scores in the group of respondents from Belarus, were also revealed in the following subscales of professionalism: “Professional organisation,” “Community service,” “Competence” and “Publication.” Nurses from Poland had higher levels of “Educational preparation” and “Use of theory.” No statistically significant differences were indicated in the “Autonomy” and “Research” subscales.ConclusionDifferences in the professionalism level of nurse practitioners in Poland and Belarus are related to nurses’ professional position and the context in which they practice.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results of the present study can help the healthcare management and nursing leaders to support the professional development of nurses and strive for a higher level of professionalism.
Venturing beyond the IPO: Financing of Newly Public Firms by Venture Capitalists
Authors: ILIEV PETER , LOWRY MICHELLE 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTContrary to conventional wisdom, we document that approximately 15% of venture capitalist (VC)‐backed firms raise additional capital from VCs in the five years after going public. We propose two explanations for why firms revert to VC financing post‐IPO (initial public offering). First, we hypothesize that VC participation in post‐IPO financing represents an efficient solution to informational problems that would otherwise constrain firms’ abilities to exploit value‐increasing investments. Analyses of firm and VC characteristics, together with the finding that these investments are value‐increasing for both VCs and the underlying companies, support this hypothesis. We find no support for the alternative that agency conflicts motivate these investments.
Intellectual Disability in Inclusive Education in South Africa: Curriculum Challenges
Authors: McKenzie Judith 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe move toward inclusive education is a global one which has been in process for over 25 years since the Salamanca statement in 1994. The approach has been adopted in many countries, both high and low income with varying degrees of policy development and legal frameworks to ensure effective implementation. South Africa, a middle‐income country with high levels of inequality, has engaged seriously in developing enabling policy. In this study, I will examine how inclusive education policy in South Africa considers intellectual disability (ID) as one of many barriers to learning within the related legislation, guidelines, and curriculum. I will then look at two critical and related events in education for ID in South Africa. The first is the legal process whereby the right to education for children with severe‐to‐profound ID was established, and the second is the development of three different curricula in South Africa for children with mild‐to‐moderate, severe, and severe‐to‐profound ID, respectively. I will conclude with some consideration of how inclusion policy deals with the problem of curriculum which is a critical one for ID.
Computed tomographic and ultrasonographic findings of abdominal arterial pseudoaneurysms caused by systemic mycosis in dogs
Authors: Morabito S. , Specchi S. , Auriemma E. , Ferro S. , Kuhnert P. , Zini E. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesTo describe multidetector CT and ultrasonographic characteristics of abdominal arterial pseudoaneurysms (segmental dilatations of an artery with a ruptured tunica intima) arising secondary to systemic mycosis in dogs.Materials and MethodsRetrospective study on dogs with confirmed histological diagnosis of a fungal pseudoaneurysm and the availability of multidetector CT or ultrasound images.ResultsAt the time of admission, the three dogs included in this study demonstrated segmental arterial dilation, irregular arterial wall thickening, and increased echogenicity or attenuation within the local perivascular fat on ultrasound and multidetector CT images. Follow‐up examinations revealed progressive increase in arterial wall thickening and saccular dilation with formation of a pseudoaneurysm in affected vessels of two dogs.Clinical SignificanceMultidetector CT and ultrasonography can be useful imaging modalities in the diagnosis and monitoring of abdominal arterial pseudoaneurysms caused by systemic mycosis.
Accuracy of a magnetic resonance imaging‐based 3D printed stereotactic brain biopsy device in dogs
Authors: Gutmann Sarah , Winkler Dirk , Müller Marcel , Möbius Robert , Fischer Jean‐Pierre , Böttcher Peter , Kiefer Ingmar , Grunert Ronny , Flegel Thomas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundBrain biopsy of intracranial lesions is often necessary to determine specific therapy. The cost of the currently used stereotactic rigid frame and optical tracking systems for brain biopsy in dogs is often prohibitive or accuracy is not sufficient for all types of lesion.ObjectivesTo evaluate the application accuracy of an inexpensive magnetic resonance imaging‐based personalized, 3D printed brain biopsy device.AnimalsTwenty‐two dog heads from cadavers were separated into 2 groups according to body weight (<15 kg, >20 kg).MethodsExperimental study. Two target points in each cadaver head were used (target point 1: caudate nucleus, target point 2: piriform lobe). Comparison between groups was performed using the independent Student's t test or the nonparametric Mann‐Whitney U Test.ResultsThe total median target point deviation was 0.83 mm (range 0.09‐2.76 mm). The separate median target point deviations for target points 1 and 2 in all dogs were 0.57 mm (range: 0.09‐1.25 mm) and 0.85 mm (range: 0.14‐2.76 mm), respectively.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceThis magnetic resonance imaging‐based 3D printed stereotactic brain biopsy device achieved an application accuracy that was better than the accuracy of most brain biopsy systems that are currently used in veterinary medicine. The device can be applied to every size and shape of skull and allows precise positioning of brain biopsy needles in dogs.
A multiplex view of leadership structure in management teams
Authors: Song Yifan , Fang Yanran , Wang Mo , Shi Junqi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the hope of complementing the structural perspective in upper echelon research and advancing a fine‐grained understanding of dyadic leadership influence in management teams, the current study combines two types of intrateam structures—leadership network and friendship network—to create a multidimensional conceptualization of leadership structure in management teams. Specifically, we propose that management teams with a denser singular leadership network (i.e., a network consisting of many leadership ties that are not coupled with friendship ties) should have lower management team cohesion, which subsequently renders worse business unit performance. To contrast, management teams with a denser multiplex network (i.e., a network consisting of many leadership ties that are coupled with friendship ties) should have higher management team cohesion, which subsequently renders better business unit performance. Guided by structural contingency perspective, we further propose that management team task interdependence will strengthen team cohesion's positive impact on business unit performance. To test the hypothesized model, we collected team‐level social network data and multiple‐wave survey data from 697 managers nested in 148 hotels (i.e., 148 management teams) owned by a large hospitality company. We also obtained objective performance data for each hotel (i.e., occupancy percentage rate and revenue per available room per day) as the criterion measure. The data supported our hypotheses. The theoretical and practical implications of our findings are discussed.
Functional Models for Time-Varying Random Objects
Authors: Dubey Paromita , Müller Hans-Georg 
Published: February 2020

SummaryFunctional data analysis provides a popular toolbox of functional models for the analysis of samples of random functions that are real valued. In recent years, samples of time-varying object data such as time-varying networks that are not in a vector space have been increasingly collected. These data can be viewed as elements of a general metric space that lacks local or global linear structure and therefore common approaches that have been used with great success for the analysis of functional data, such as functional principal component analysis, cannot be applied. We propose metric covariance, a novel association measure for paired object data lying in a metric space (Ω, d) that we use to define a metric autocovariance function for a sample of random Ω-valued curves, where Ω generally will not have a vector space or manifold structure. The proposed metric autocovariance function is non-negative definite when the squared semimetric d2 is of negative type. Then the eigenfunctions of the linear operator with the autocovariance function as kernel can be used as building blocks for an object functional principal component analysis for Ω-valued functional data, including time-varying probability distributions, covariance matrices and time dynamic networks. Analogues of functional principal components for time-varying objects are obtained by applying Fréchet means and projections of distance functions of the random object trajectories in the directions of the eigenfunctions, leading to real-valued Fréchet scores. Using the notion of generalized Fréchet integrals, we construct object functional principal components that lie in the metric space Ω. We establish asymptotic consistency of the sample-based estimators for the corresponding population targets under mild metric entropy conditions on Ω and continuity of the Ω-valued random curves. These concepts are illustrated with samples of time-varying probability distributions for human mortality, time-varying covariance matrices derived from trading patterns and time-varying networks that arise from New York taxi trips.
Family policy and women's employment outcomes in 45 high‐income countries: A systematic qualitative review of 238 comparative and national studies
Authors: Ferragina Emanuele 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe article reviews the available quantitative evidence on the relationship between explicit family policy and women's employment outcomes in 45 high‐income countries between 1980 and 2016. At the methodological level, we gathered 238 papers through a four‐stage systematic qualitative review. We included articles published in English in international journals or by leading research institutes. Despite the accrued importance of the field, comparative works and national case studies do not sufficiently engage one another for methodological and disciplinary reasons. Our contribution is to integrate the findings from both streams of the literature in two ways. First, we chart systematically the debate describing its evolution over four decades, the disciplines involved (demography, economics, politics, social policy, sociology, and interdisciplinary work), and the geographical and policy breadth of the empirical contributions. Second, we provide a rich guide for scholars in the field by exploring how national case studies fit (or not) the broad trends captured in comparative research and discussing key and controversial debates in the field. In conclusion, we point out also important gaps in the literature and propose new avenues for future research. An exhaustive set of tables provides information on each comparative and national case study and on the databases and variables employed in the literature.
How to … do mixed‐methods research
Authors: Kajamaa Anu , Mattick Karen , de la Croix Anne 
Published: February 2020

SummaryAs a clinician, you will often combine patients’ narratives with test results in order to obtain a coherent picture and then decide on a way forward. As an educator, you are also likely to combine different information from your learners to arrive at the best feedback, judgement or supervision plan. This is what researchers do when undertaking mixed‐methods research: qualitative and quantitative data are typically brought together to provide different insights than could be achieved with a single type of data and analysis. Mixed‐methods research has much to offer the clinical teacher but may involve more complex study designs than other types of research. Therefore, this article aims to highlight the different designs of mixed‐methods research, and the opportunities and challenges that it provides, in order to support researchers who may be undertaking their first mixed‐methods research study.
Impact of the patient's body weight on the efficacy and adverse events of valganciclovir for cytomegalovirus reactivation after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Misaki Yukiko , Kimura Shun‐ichi , Kawamura Masakatsu , Kawamura Shunto , Takeshita Junko , Yoshino Nozomu , Yoshimura Kazuki , Gomyo Ayumi , Matsumi Shimpei , Akahoshi Yu , Tamaki Masaharu , Kusuda Machiko , Kameda Kazuaki , Wada Hidenori , Kawamura Koji , Sato Miki , Terasako‐Saito Kiriko , Tanihara Aki , Nakasone Hideki , Kako Shinichi , Kanda Yoshinobu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWhile the dose of ganciclovir (GCV) is decided base on patients' body weight (BW), that of valganciclovir (VGCV) is fixed as 900 or 1800 mg/d regardless of the patient's BW in preemptive therapy for cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We analyzed the impact of the patient's BW on the effectiveness and adverse events (AEs) of VGCV. From March 2004 to February 2017, 27 patients received VGCV as a first‐line treatment for CMV reactivation. As a historical control group, we extracted 17 patients who started to receive GCV at a similar timing. We used the following definitions of outcomes: speed of reduction of CMV antigenemia (CMV‐AG) as a measure of effectiveness, ratios of baseline and minimum value for white blood cell (WBC) and platelet counts, and ratio of baseline and maximum values for serum creatinine (sCr) as measures of AEs. As a result, there was no significant correlation between average daily dose of VGCV with or without adjusting for the patient's BW and speed of reduction of CMV‐AG. On the other hand, the decreases in WBC and platelets and the increase in sCr were significantly correlated with the cumulative dose of VGCV. However, the absolute values of the correlation coefficients did not increase when we analyzed the correlations between the BW‐adjusted cumulative dose of VGCV and factors associated with adverse events. There were no significant differences in efficacies or AE parameters between the GCV and VGCV groups. In conclusion, the patient's BW did not significantly affect the effectiveness or adverse events of VGCV.
Cerebrovascular reactivity to carbon dioxide is not influenced by variability in the ventilatory sensitivity to carbon dioxide
Authors: Howe Connor A. , Caldwell Hannah G. , Carr Jay , Nowak‐Flück Daniela , Ainslie Philip N. , Hoiland Ryan L. 
Published: February 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Do differing magnitudes of ventilation influence cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity and the cerebral blood flow response to increases in arterial carbon dioxide?

What is the main finding and its importance?
While a greater ventilation, through voluntary hyperventilation, is associated with a higher anterior cerebral blood flow during carbon dioxide breathing, this elevated cerebral blood flow is due to a higher blood pressure and not ventilation per se. A greater ventilation, through voluntary hyperventilation, does not influence global or posterior cerebral blood flow during carbon dioxide breathing. Cerebrovascular reactivity to carbon dioxide is not influenced by an individual's ventilatory sensitivity to carbon dioxide.

AbstractRecent work demonstrated an influence of ventilation on cerebrovascular reactivity to CO2; however, the concomitant influence of changes in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) on ventilation‐induced differences in cerebral blood flow (CBF) has yet to be examined in this context. Healthy participants (n = 15; 25 ± 3 years of age; 179 ± 6 cm height; 74 ± 10 kg weight; 3 female) underwent end‐tidal forcing to increase their partial pressure of end‐tidal CO2 by +3, +6 and +9 mmHg above baseline in 5‐min sequential steps while maintaining iso‐oxia. This protocol was then repeated twice, with participants hyperventilating and hypoventilating by ∼30% compared to the first trial. Intra‐cranial and extra‐cranial CBF were measured using ultrasound. The MAP (finger photo‐plethysmography) was higher during the hyperventilation and hypoventilation trials compared to normal ventilation (main effects, P < 0.05 for both). While internal carotid artery blood flow was higher during the hyperventilation trial compared to normal ventilation (P = 0.01), this was due to a higher MAP, as indicated by analysis of conductance values (P = 0.68) or inclusion of MAP in covariate analysis (P = 0.11). Global CBF (P = 0.11) and vertebral artery blood flow (P = 0.93) were unaffected by the magnitude of ventilation. Further, CO2 reactivity was not affected by the different breathing trials (P > 0.05 for all). Retrospective analysis of a larger data set (n = 53) confirmed these observations and demonstrated no relationships between the ventilatory and global CBF response to hypercapnia (r2 = 0.04; P = 0.14). Therefore, when differences in MAP are accounted for, cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity (assessed via end‐tidal forcing) is independent of the magnitude of ventilation.