bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collapse in f(R) gravity and the method of R matching
Authors: Chowdhury Sandip , Pal Kunal , Pal Kuntal , Sarkar Tapobrata 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCollapsing solutions inf(R) gravity are restricted due to junction conditions that demand continuity of the Ricci scalar and its normal derivative across the time-like collapsing hypersurface. These are obtained via the method ofR-matching, which is ubiquitous inf(R) collapse scenarios. In this paper, we study spherically symmetric collapse with the modification term$$\alpha R^2$$αR2, and useR-matching to exemplify a class of new solutions. After discussing some mathematical preliminaries by which we obtain an algebraic relation between the shear and the anisotropy in these theories, we consider two metric ansatzes. In the first, the collapsing metric is considered to be a separable function of the co-moving radius and time, and the collapse is shear-free, and in the second, a non-separable interior solution is considered, that represents gravitational collapse with non-zero shear viscosity. We arrive at novel solutions that indicate the formation of black holes or locally naked singularities, while obeying all the necessary energy conditions. The separable case allows for a simple analytic expression of the energy-momentum tensor, that indicates the positivity of the pressures throughout collapse, and is further used to study the heat flux evolution of the collapsing matter, whose analytic solutions are presented under certain approximations. These clearly highlight the role of modified gravity in the examples that we consider.
Oracle-efficient Online Learning and Auction Design
Authors: Dudík Miroslav , Haghtalab Nika , Luo Haipeng , Schapire Robert E. , Syrgkanis Vasilis , Vaughan Jennifer Wortman 
Published: September 2020

We consider the design of computationally efficient online learning algorithms in an adversarial setting in which the learner has access to an offline optimization oracle. We present an algorithm called Generalized Follow-the-Perturbed-Leader and provide conditions under which it is oracle-efficient while achieving vanishing regret. Our results make significant progress on an open problem raised by Hazan and Koren [31], who showed that oracle-efficient algorithms do not exist in general [30] and asked whether one can identify properties under which oracle-efficient online learning may be possible.
Our auction-design framework considers an auctioneer learning an optimal auction for a sequence of adversarially selected valuations with the goal of achieving revenue that is almost as good as the optimal auction in hindsight, among a class of auctions. We give oracle-efficient learning results for: (1) VCG auctions with bidder-specific reserves in single-parameter settings, (2) envy-free item pricing in multi-item auctions, and (3) s-level auctions of Morgenstern and Roughgarden [43] for single-item settings. The last result leads to an approximation of the overall optimal Myerson auction when bidders’ valuations are drawn according to a fast-mixing Markov process, extending prior work that only gave such guarantees for the i.i.d. setting.
Finally, we derive various extensions, including: (1) oracle-efficient algorithms for the contextual learning setting in which the learner has access to side information (such as bidder demographics), (2) learning with approximate oracles such as those based on Maximal-in-Range algorithms, and (3) no-regret bidding in simultaneous auctions, resolving an open problem of Daskalakis and Syrgkanis [14].
Metformin Mitigates DPP-4 Inhibitor-Induced Breast Cancer Metastasis via Suppression of mTOR Signaling
Authors: Kawakita Emi , Yang Fan , Kumagai Asako , Takagaki Yuta , Kitada Munehiro , Yoshitomi Yasuo , Ikeda Takayuki , Nakamura Yuka , Ishigaki Yasuhito , Kanasaki Keizo , Koya Daisuke 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

The biological influence of antidiabetic drugs on cancer cells and diabetic cancer patients has not yet been completely elucidated. We reported that a dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor accelerates mammary cancer metastasis by inducing epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) through the CXCL12/CXCR4/mTOR axis. Metformin has been shown to inhibit the mTOR signaling pathway. In this study, we investigated whether metformin mitigates breast cancer metastasis induced by a DPP-4 inhibitor via suppression of mTOR signaling. In cultured mouse mammary and human breast cancer cells, metformin suppressed DPP-4 inhibitor KR62436 (KR)-induced EMT and cell migration via suppression of the mTOR pathway associated with AMPK activation. For the in vivo study, metformin intervention was performed in an allograft 4T1 breast cancer model mouse with or without KR. We also analyzed mice transplanted with shRNA-mediated DPP-4 knockdown 4T1 cells. Treatment with metformin inhibited the lung metastasis of DPP-4–deficient 4T1 mammary tumor cells generated by either KR administration or DPP-4 knockdown. Immunostaining of primary tumors indicated that DPP-4 suppression promoted the expression of EMT-inducing transcription factor Snail through activation of the CXCR4-mediated mTOR/p70S6K pathway in an allograft breast cancer model; metformin abolished this alteration. Metformin treatment did not alter DPP-4–deficiency-induced expression of CXCL12 in either plasma or primary tumors. Our findings suggest that metformin may serve as an antimetastatic agent by mitigating the undesirable effects of DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with certain cancers.

Implications:
Metformin could combat the detrimental effects of DPP-4 inhibitor on breast cancer metastasis via mTOR suppression, suggesting the potential clinical relevance.

Visual Overview:
http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/molcanres/19/1/61/F1.large.jpg.
First-in-Human Trial of the Oral Ataxia Telangiectasia and RAD3-Related (ATR) Inhibitor BAY 1895344 in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Yap Timothy A. , Tan David S.P. , Terbuch Angelika , Caldwell Reece , Guo Christina , Goh Boon Cher , Heong Valerie , Haris Noor R. Md. , Bashir Saira , Drew Yvette , Hong David S. , Meric-Bernstam Funda , Wilkinson Gary , Hreiki Joseph , Wengner Antje M. , Bladt Friedhelm , Schlicker Andreas , Ludwig Matthias , Zhou Yinghui , Liu Li , Bordia Sonal , Plummer Ruth , Lagkadinou Eleni , de Bono Johann S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Targeting the ataxia telangiectasia and RAD3-related (ATR) enzyme represents a promising anticancer strategy for tumors with DNA damage response (DDR) defects and replication stress, including inactivation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) signaling. We report the dose-escalation portion of the phase I first-in-human trial of oral ATR inhibitor BAY 1895344 intermittently dosed 5 to 80 mg twice daily in 21 patients with advanced solid tumors. The MTD was 40 mg twice daily 3 days on/4 days off. Most common adverse events were manageable and reversible hematologic toxicities. Partial responses were achieved in 4 patients and stable disease in 8 patients. Median duration of response was 315.5 days. Responders had ATM protein loss and/or deleterious ATM mutations and received doses ≥40 mg twice daily. Overall, BAY 1895344 is well tolerated, with antitumor activity against cancers with certain DDR defects, including ATM loss. An expansion phase continues in patients with DDR deficiency.

Significance:
Oral BAY 1895344 was tolerable, with antitumor activity in heavily pretreated patients with various advanced solid tumors, particularly those with ATM deleterious mutations and/or loss of ATM protein; pharmacodynamic results supported a mechanism of action of increased DNA damage. Further study is warranted in this patient population.
See related commentary by Italiano, p. 14.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1
Sex Disparities in the Management and Outcomes of Cardiogenic Shock Complicating Acute Myocardial Infarction in the Young
Authors: Vallabhajosyula Saraschandra , Ya’Qoub Lina , Singh Mandeep , Bell Malcolm R. , Gulati Rajiv , Cheungpasitporn Wisit , Sundaragiri Pranathi R. , Miller Virginia M. , Jaffe Allan S. , Gersh Bernard J. , Holmes David R. , Barsness Gregory W. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
There are limited data on how sex influences the outcomes of acute myocardial infarction-cardiogenic shock (AMI-CS) in young adults.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort of AMI-CS admissions aged 18 to 55 years, during 2000 to 2017, was identified using the National Inpatient Sample. Use of coronary angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention, mechanical circulatory support and noncardiac interventions was identified. Outcomes of interest included in-hospital mortality, use of cardiac interventions, hospitalization costs, and length of stay.

Results:

A total 90 648 AMI-CS admissions ≤55 years of age were included, of which 26% were women. Higher rates of CS were noted in men (2.2% in 2000 to 4.8% in 2017) compared with women (2.6% in 2000 to 4.0% in 2017;
P
<0.001). Compared with men, women with AMI-CS were more frequently of Black race, from a lower socioeconomic status, with higher comorbidity, and admitted to rural and small hospitals (all
P
<0.001). Women had lower rates of ST-segment elevation presentation (73.0% versus 78.7%), acute noncardiac organ failure, cardiac arrest (34.3% versus 35.7%), and received less-frequent coronary angiography (78.3% versus 81.4%), early coronary angiography (49.2% versus 54.1%), percutaneous coronary intervention (59.2% versus 64.0%), and mechanical circulatory support (50.3% versus 59.2%; all
P
<0.001). Female sex was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality (23.0% versus 21.7%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.07–1.16];
P
<0.001). Women had lower hospitalization costs ($156 372±$198 452 versus $167 669±$208 577;
P
<0.001) but comparable lengths of stay compared with men.

Conclusions:
In young AMI-CS admissions, women are treated less aggressively and experience higher in-hospital mortality than men.
Associations of Carotid Intima‐Media Thickness and Plaque Heterogeneity With the Risks of Stroke Subtypes and Coronary Artery Disease in the Japanese General Population: The Circulatory Risk in Communities Study
Authors: Shimoda Saeko , Kitamura Akihiko , Imano Hironori , Cui Renzhe , Muraki Isao , Yamagishi Kazumasa , Umesawa Mitsumasa , Sankai Tomoko , Hayama‐Terada Mina , Kubota Yasuhiko , Shimizu Yuji , Okada Takeo , Kiyama Masahiko , Iso Hiroyasu 
Published: September 2020

Background
Evidence on the associations of carotid intima‐media thickness and carotid plaque characteristics with stroke subtypes and coronary artery disease risks in Asians is limited. This study investigated these associations in the Japanese general population.

Methods and Results
Maximum intima‐media thicknesses of both the common carotid artery and internal carotid artery and carotid plaque characteristics were evaluated in 2943 Japanese subjects aged 40 to 75 years without history of cardiovascular disease. Subjects were followed up for a median of 15.1 years. Using a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model, we found that hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for the highest (≥1.07 mm) versus lowest (≤0.77 mm) quartiles of maximum intima‐media thicknesses of the common carotid artery were 1.97 (1.26–3.06) for total stroke, 1.52 (0.67–3.41) for hemorrhagic stroke, 2.45 (1.41–4.27) for ischemic stroke, 3.60 (1.64–7.91) for lacunar infarction, 1.53 (0.69–3.41) for nonlacunar cerebral infarction, 2.68 (1.24–5.76) for coronary artery disease, and 2.11 (1.44–3.12) for cardiovascular disease (similar results were found for maximum intima‐media thicknesses of the internal carotid artery). HRs(95% CIs) for heterogeneous plaque versus no plaque were 1.58 (1.09–2.30) for total stroke, 1.25 (0.58–2.70) for hemorrhagic stroke, 1.74 (1.13–2.67) for ischemic stroke, 1.84 (1.03–3.19) for lacunar infarction, 1.58 (0.80–3.11) for nonlacunar cerebral infarction, 2.11 (1.20–3.70) for coronary artery disease, and 1.71 (1.25–2.35) for cardiovascular disease.

Conclusions
Maximum intima‐media thicknesses of the common carotid artery, maximum intima‐media thicknesses of the internal carotid artery, and heterogeneous plaque were associated with the risks of stroke, lacunar infarction, coronary artery disease, and cardiovascular disease in Asians.
PAPP‐A2 and Inhibin A as Novel Predictors for Pregnancy Complications in Women With Suspected or Confirmed Preeclampsia
Authors: Neuman Rugina I. , Alblas van der Meer Maaike M. , Nieboer Daan , Saleh Langeza , Verdonk Koen , Kalra Bhanu , Kumar Ajay , Alpadi Kannan , van den Meiracker Anton H. , Visser Willy , Danser A. H. Jan 
Published: September 2020

Background
We aimed to evaluate the value of inhibin A and PAPP‐A2 (pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A2) as novel biomarkers in the prediction of preeclampsia‐related complications and how they compare with angiogenic biomarkers.

Methods and Results
Making use of a secondary analysis of a prospective, multicenter, observational study, intended to evaluate the usefulness of sFlt‐1 (soluble Fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1)/PlGF (placental growth factor) ratio, we measured inhibin A and PAPP‐A2 levels in 524 women with suspected/confirmed preeclampsia. Women had a median gestational age of 35 weeks (range, 20–41 weeks) while preeclampsia occurred in 170 (32%) women. Levels of inhibin A and PAPP‐A2 were significantly increased in women with preeclampsia and in maternal perfusate of preeclamptic placentas. Inhibin A and PAPP‐A2 (C‐index = 0.73 and 0.75) significantly improved the prediction of maternal complications when added on top of the traditional criteria; gestational age, parity, proteinuria, and diastolic blood pressure (C‐index = 0.60). PAPP‐A2 was able to improve the C‐index from 0.75 to 0.77 when added on top of the sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio for the prediction of maternal complications. To discriminate fetal/neonatal complications on top of traditional criteria, inhibin A and PAPP‐A2 showed additive value (C‐index = 0.79 to 0.80 and 0.82, respectively) but their discriminative ability remained inferior to that of sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio or PlGF. Interestingly, the PAPP‐A2/PlGF ratio alone showed remarkable value to predict pregnancy complications, being superior to sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio in the case of maternal complications.

Conclusions
Inhibin A and PAPP‐A2 show significant potential to predict preeclampsia‐related pregnancy complications and might prove beneficial on top of the angiogenic markers.
“Salting with Fire” (Mark 9:49)
Authors: Doran Robert 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
At Mark 9:49, the verb ἁλίζω is translated as “to salt, season”: “For everyone will be salted with fire.” No satisfactory explanation has been given of what “salting with fire” means. Here, the author suggests that the other meaning of the same verb be taken: “to collect, gather”: “For everyone will be gathered by fire.” Before the final division into those who go to Gehenna or to heaven, the work of everyone will be examined by fire, similar to what is said in 1 Cor 3:13, to see where they should go. This is the meaning found in patristic commentators on this verse.
The Number of Rulers in Plato’s Statesman
Authors: Fossheim Hallvard 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This essay poses the question of how many rulers are envisaged in Plato’s Statesman. After pointing out that this is a crucial question for issues concerning non-ideal as well as ideal approaches to political rule, the essay focuses on three relevant aspects of rule in the Statesman: the notion of kingly rule, the limitations posed by human nature, and the importance of self-rule. It is shown how each of these dimensions of Plato’s discussion demonstrates the complexity of the question. Particular attention is then given to features inherent to political rule: the need for subordinate functions and a distribution of offices, seen in light of the ends of political rule as helping citizens obtain their potential. It is argued that while the Statesman does not lead to any certain conclusion concerning the number of rulers, and some of its considerations conflict with each other, the text as a whole allows for a fairly broad basis of political rule.
An Origin for Political Culture’: Laws 3 as Political Thought and Intellectual History
Authors: Atack Carol 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Plato’s survey in Laws book 3 of the development of human society from its earliest stages to the complex institutions of democratic Athens and monarchical Persia operates both as a conjectural history of human life and as a critical engagement with Greek political thought. The examples Plato uses to illustrate the stages of his stadial account, such as the society of the Cyclops and the myths of Spartan prehistory, are those used by other political theorists and philosophers, in some cases also drawing on the presence of the same stories in classical Greek epic and tragedy. By incorporating his critique into a timeline Plato is able to suggest that some approaches are limited in scope to specific social conditions, whereas his Athenian Stranger presents his analysis from an external and superior viewpoint, looking down on human society from above.
Polis and Cosmos in Plato’s Laws
Authors: Balot Ryan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Recent scholarship has followed Glenn Morrow in seeking to understand Plato’s politics in light of his cosmology. This essay takes a different tack and interprets the theology and cosmology of the Laws as an outgrowth of the Athenian Stranger’s conversation with Kleinias, which focuses on politics and warfare. In that sense the arguments of Book 10 are closely tied to the context of the dialogue. The Athenian Stranger’s religious ideology is not designed to be permanent or universally applicable. Rather, it is intended for an audience that finds itself immersed in an unhealthy world of motion, disorder, and antagonism.
Is a Consistent Message Achievable?: Defining “Message Consistency” for Weather Enterprise Researchers and Practitioners
Authors: Williams Castle A. , Eosco Gina M. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTAlthough both research and practice contend that message consistency is a critical component of effective risk communication, neither provide systematic evidence demonstrating if, when, and where consistency matters. For this reason, meteorologists view message consistency as both a relevant research and operational concern. To address these concerns, members of the weather enterprise organized conference sessions, panels, webinars, and workshops to achieve message consistency, but were unable to make progress without a definition. Fortunately, research scholars in the fields of psychology and communication studies offer important theoretical insights for defining message consistency. As such, this paper takes an important first step by combining the needs of operational meteorologists with insights from social science research to offer a definition of message consistency for the weather enterprise. While it is logical to present both a definition and a recommendation on how to achieve message consistency, the systematic review revealed various research limitations and practical constraints that call into question the feasibility of achieving it. To further bridge research and practice, this paper recommends that researchers and practitioners collaboratively develop a message consistency evaluation process for the weather enterprise. A persistent community effort will shed light on when, where, and under which circumstances consistency is necessary, and more importantly, move us one step closer toward achieving a more consistent message within the weather enterprise.
A Drought Monitoring Method Based on Precipitable Water Vapor and Precipitation
Authors: Zhao Qingzhi , Ma Xiongwei , Yao Wanqiang , Liu Yang , Yao Yibin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPrecipitable water vapor (PWV) with high precision and high temporal resolution can be obtained based on the global navigation and satellite positioning system (GNSS) technique, which is important for GNSS in disaster prevention and mitigation. However, related studies on drought monitoring using PWV have rarely been performed before, which becomes the focus of this paper. This paper proposes a novel drought monitoring method using GNSS-derived PWV and precipitation, and a multi-time-scale standardized precipitation conversion index (SPCI) is established. This index is different from the traditional index in terms of expression, standardization, and time scale. The proposed SPCI is then compared with the standardized precipitation index/standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index/self-calibrating Palmer drought severity index (SPI/SPEI/scPDSI) and applied to local and global drought monitoring. Validated results show that multi-time-scale SPCI has good consistency with the corresponding SPI/SPEI/scPDSI. The correlation between SPCI and SPEI is the strongest (more than 0.96) on a 12-month scale, which indicates the application potential of SPCI in drought monitoring. In addition, applications for regional (Queensland, Australia) and global drought/wet monitoring further verify the capability of the proposed SPCI. The average percentage deviations of drought/wet monitoring between SPCI and SPEI are 2.77% and 3.75%, respectively on a global scale. The above results show that the SPCI developed in this study is efficiently applied to global flood/wet studies.
Nocturnal Destabilization Associated with the Summertime Great Plains Low-Level Jet
Authors: Parish Thomas R. , Clark Richard D. , Sikora Todd D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Great Plains low-level jet (LLJ) has long been associated with summertime nocturnal convection over the central Great Plains of the United States. Destabilization effects of the LLJ are examined using composite fields assembled from the North American Mesoscale Forecast System for June and July 2008–12. Of critical importance are the large isobaric temperature gradients that become established throughout the lowest 3 km of the atmosphere in response to the seasonal heating of the sloping Great Plains. Such temperature gradients provide thermal wind forcing throughout the lower atmosphere, resulting in the establishment of a background horizontal pressure gradient force at the level of the LLJ. The attendant background geostrophic wind is an essential ingredient for the development of a pronounced summertime LLJ. Inertial turning of the ageostrophic wind associated with LLJ provides a westerly wind component directed normal to the terrain-induced orientation of the isotherms. Hence, significant nocturnal low-level warm-air advection occurs, which promotes differential temperature advection within a vertical column of atmosphere between the level just above the LLJ and 500 hPa. Such differential temperature advection destabilizes the nighttime troposphere above the radiatively cooled near-surface layer on a recurring basis during warm weather months over much of the Great Plains and adjacent states to the east. This destabilization process reduces the convective inhibition of air parcels near the level of the LLJ and may be of significance in the development of elevated nocturnal convection. The 5 July 2015 case from the Plains Elevated Convection at Night field program is used to demonstrate this destabilization process.