bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Value of 18F-FDG PET/CT&nbsp;in Diagnosing Pancreatic Lesions: Comparison With CA19-9, Enhanced CT&nbsp;or Enhanced MR
Authors: Huang Shengyun , Chong Huanhuan , Sun Xun , Wu Zhijian , Jia Qing , Zhang Yongxue , Lan Xiaoli 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer is one of the most fatal tumors in the world, which incidence and mortality have continued to rise in the past decade. The main challenge in clinical practice for patients with pancreatic cancer is to accurately distinguish malignant lesions from benign ones in early evaluation. This research aims to investigate the value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in diagnosing pancreatic lesions, and compare it with CA19-9, contrast-enhanced CT (CECT), and contrast-enhanced MRI (CEMR).Methods: Cases of patients with suspected pancreatic lesions examined between Jan 1st, 2011 and June 30th, 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. CA19-9, CECT and CEMR within 2 weeks of PET/CT were evaluated. We compared the diagnostic efficacy of PET/CT with CA19-9, CECT and CEMR as well as combined tests.Results: A total of 467 cases were examined in this study, including 293 males and 174 females, with an average age of 57.79 ± 12.68 y (16–95 y). Cases in the malignant group (n=248) had significantly higher SUVmax (7.34 ± 4.17 vs. 1.70 ± 2.68, P < 0.001) and CA19-9 (663.21 ± 531.98 vs. 87.80 ± 218.47, P < 0.001) than those in the benign group (n=219). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of PET/CT were 91.9%, 96.3% and 94.0% respectively. Those for CECT were 83.6%, 77.8%, 81.2% respectively; and 91.2%, 75.0%, 81.7% were for CEMR. PET/CT corrected 14.7% (28/191) CECT diagnoses and 12.2% (10/82) CEMR diagnoses. Although the diagnostic efficiency of CA19-9 was acceptable (80.0%, 69.0%, 74.9% respectively), the joint application of PET/CT and CA19-9 could significantly enhance the diagnostic efficiency compared with PET/CT alone (sen 97.4% vs. 90.5%, P =0.0003; spe 100.0% vs. 95.2%, P = 0.0047). Conclusions: PET/CT has sensitivity similar to CECT, CEMR and significantly higher specificity and accuracy, helping reduce false diagnoses of morphological images. Combining PET/CT with CA19-9 could enhance diagnostic efficiency.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 pandemic among residents of Jharkhand state, India: An online survey
Authors: Rai Arpita , Nishant Nishant , Singh D , Kulkarni Nitin , Chaurasia Shailesh , Pathak L 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: People's adherence to control measures is imperative in the fight against COVID-19. The present study was done to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 among residents of Jharkhand and to assist government in deciding further course of action during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: This study was an online cross sectional survey. The link to the questionnaire was displayed on the official website of Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Government of Jharkhand, National Health Mission, Jharkhand, official website of all districts under Jharkhand state administration, Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme and Information & Public Relations department. Participation of residents in the survey was also extensively propagated using mass media mainly local television networks, radio channel and newspapers. Results: A total of 4683 responses were received from all districts of Jharkhand. Majority of the participants were young adults (47.5%) and number of male participants was more than the females (81.4%). Mean correct knowledge score for participants of this study was 10.73+2.2 (maximum attainable score was 14) while mean practice score for the participants was 4.5+0.69 (maximum attainable score was 5). Knowledge score of the participants was significantly associated with their age, education status and economic class (p<0.05). The participants largely held an optimistic attitude and healthy practices towards COVID-19. Conclusions: Participants had positive attitude but were also logically worried and uncertain about near future. Adequate knowledge of participants was visible in the practices of residents. There was however a gap across age groups, gender, literacy and income levels which should be addressed in future campaigns.
Genome-scale metabolic modelling underscores the potential of Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus ATCC 20509 as a cell factory for biofuel production
Authors: Pham Nhung TT , Reijnders Maarten , Suarez-Diez Maria , Nijsse Bart , Springer Jan , Eggink Gerrit , Schaap Peter 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus ATCC 20509 is a fast growing oleaginous basidiomycete yeast that is able to grow in a wide range of low-cost carbon sources including crude glycerol, a byproduct of biodiesel production. When glycerol is used as a carbon source, this yeast can accumulate more than 50% lipids (w/w) with high concentrations of mono-unsaturated fatty acids.Results: To increase our understanding of this yeast and to provide a knowledge base for further industrial use, a FAIR re-annotated genome was used to build a genome-scale, constraint-based metabolic model containing 1553 reactions involving 1373 metabolites in 11 compartments. A new description of the biomass synthesis reaction was introduced to account for massive lipid accumulation in conditions with high carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio in the media. This condition-specific biomass objective function is shown to better predict conditions with high lipid accumulation using glucose, fructose, sucrose, xylose, and glycerol as sole carbon source.Conclusion: Contributing to the economic viability of biodiesel as renewable fuel, C. oleaginosus ATCC 20509 can effectively convert crude glycerol waste streams in lipids as a potential bioenergy source. Performance simulations are essential to identify optimal production conditions and to develop and fine tune a cost-effective production process. Our model suggests ATP-citrate lyase as a possible target to further improve lipid production.
Structural stigma and its impact on healthcare for consumers diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder: protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Klein Pauline , Fairweather-Schmidt A. Kate , Lawn Sharon , Stallman Helen , Cammell Paul 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Structural stigma in health systems experienced by consumers diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), is a widespread phenomenon that causes major health inequities and harm for this population. Structural stigma in this context relates to institutional policies, cultural norms and organizational practices that limits consumers’ access to health services, quality of care, and capacity to achieve optimal health and well-being. BPD is a serious mental illness with high morbidity and mortality, characterized by instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotional and behavioral deregulation, which stem from significant traumatic childhood/life events, and/or biological aetiologies. The objectives of this scoping review are to explore the international literature on structural stigma in healthcare systems specific to BPD, and to provide an overview of the impact of structural stigma on health services for BPD consumers, and their carers/families.Methods This scoping review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) scoping review guidelines. We will search the following electronic databases (from inception onwards): MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, Cochrane Library and JBI-Evidence databases. Grey literature will be identified through the Google search engine. We will include all types of literature in English, published and unpublished, including any study design, reviews, clinical practice guidelines, policy reports, and other documents. No restrictions on publication date of sources of evidence will be applied. International literature should examine structural stigma associated with BPD in any healthcare setting such as, outpatients, inpatients, primary health care, or community-based facilities. Two reviewers will independently screen all titles, abstracts and full-text citations. Quality appraisal of the included sources of evidence will be assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) 2018 version. Data analysis will involve quantitative (e.g., frequencies) and qualitative (e.g., thematic analysis) methods. Discussion This review is anticipated to enhance both identification and understanding of those structures in health systems (i.e., institutional policies, cultural norms, and practices), that manifest and perpetuate stigma experienced by consumers with BPD, and their carers/families. The findings can be used to inform future research, policy and practice relating to stigma reduction strategies that can be adopted to improve the provision of BPD-responsive services and care for this population. Scoping review registration This scoping review protocol was submitted for registration within Open Science Framework on 11th June 2020. This review protocol can be viewed via the following link: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/NWSVD
On the Rivers in the Euro-Atlantic Sky
Authors: Thandlam Venugopal , Rutgersson Anna , Sahlee Erik 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We study the spatiotemporal variability of Atmospheric Rivers (ARs) over Euro-Atlantic region using long-term reanalysis datasets. Winds, temperature and specific humidity at different pressure levels during 1979-2018 are used to study the water vapour transport integrated between 1000-300 hPa (IVT300) as a proxy to ARs. The intensity of ARs in the North Atlantic has been increasing in recent times (2009-2018) with large decadal variability and poleward shift (~5o towards the North) in landfall (1999-2018). Significant bias shown by different reanalysis products in IVT300 compared to ERA5 data is attributed to bias in specific humidity and winds. Different reanalysis datasets show similar spatial patterns of IVT300 in mapping ARs but has a bias of around 40-60 kgm-1s-1 compared to ERA5. The magnitude of winds and specific humidity in the lower atmosphere (below 750 hPa) dominates the total column water vapour and intensity of Ars in the north Atlantic. IVT300 in all reanalysis datasets in the North Atlantic show a standard deviation of 200 kgm-1s-1 which is around 60% of the IVT300 climatology (>300 kgm-1s-1). Though ARs have higher frequency of landfalling over Western Europe in winter half-year (WHY); the intensity of IVT300 in winter is 3% lower than the annual mean. On the other hand, lower frequency of ARs in summer half-year (SHY) shows 3% higher intensity than the annual mean. There is a significant impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Scandinavian blocking on the location of landfall of ARs. Furthermore, there is a strong latitudinal dependence of the source of moisture flux in the open ocean, contributing to the formation and enhancing AR's strength.
Polygenic Risk Score is a Predictor of Adenomatous Polyps at Screening Colonoscopy
Authors: Northcutt Michael , Shi Zhuqing , Zijlstra Michael , Shah Ayush , Zheng Siqun , Yen Eugene , Khan Omar , Beig Mohammad Imran , Imas Polina , Vanderloo Adam , Ansari Obaid , Xu Jianfeng , Goldstein Jay 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based polygenic risk scoring is predictive of colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. However, few studies have investigated the association of genetic risk score (GRS) with detection of adenomatous polyps at screening colonoscopy. Methods: We randomly selected 1,769 Caucasian subjects who underwent screening colonoscopy from the Genomic Health Initiative (GHI), a biobank of NorthShore University HealthSystem. Outcomes from initial screening colonoscopy were recorded. Twenty-two CRC risk-associated SNPs were obtained from the Affymetrix™ SNP array and used to calculate an odds ratio (OR)-weighted and population-standardized GRS. Subjects with GRS of <0.5, 0.5-1.5, and >1.5 were categorized as low, average and elevated risk.Results: Among 1,769 subjects, 520 (29%) had 1 or more adenomatous polyps. GRS was significantly higher in subjects with adenomatous polyps than those without; mean (95% confidence interval) was 1.02 (1.00-1.05) and 0.97 (0.95-0.99), respectively, p<0.001. The association remained significant after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, and family history, p<0.001. The detection rate of adenomatous polyps was 10.8%, 29.0% and 39.7% in subjects with low, average and elevated GRS, respectively, p-trend <0.001. Higher GRS was also associated with early age diagnosis of adenomatous polyps, p<0.001. In contrast, positive family history was not associated with risk and age of adenomatous polyps.Conclusions: GRS was significantly associated with adenomatous polyps in subjects undergoing screening colonoscopy. This result may help in stratifying average risk patients and facilitating personalized colonoscopy screening strategies.
A selection pressure landscape for 870 human polygenic traits
Authors: Song Weichen , Pan Weihao , Qian Wei , Wang Weidi , Yu Shunying , Zhao Min , Lin Guan Ning 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Characterizing the natural selection of complex traits is essential for understanding human evolution and biological or pathological mechanisms. To fulfill this requirement, we leveraged Genome-wide summary statistics for 870 polygenic traits and quantified the selection pressure of different forms and time scales on them in European ancestry. We found that 88% of traits underwent polygenic adaptation in the past 2000 years. At the present time and Neolithic period, selection pressure showed profound alteration. Traits related to pigmentation, impedance, and nutrition intake exhibited strong selection signals across different time scales. Our result provided an overview of selection pressure on various human polygenic traits, which served as a foundation for further populational and medical genetic studies.
Preliminary Results of Tocilizumab and Interferon α-2β Treatment of SARS-CoV-2.
Authors: Fleming M PhD Richard M , Fleming NRP BA BS Matthew R 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Seven patients receiving Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and Zinc (Zn) for CoVid-19 with PCR positive results were admitted to hospital after failing to improve. Following NCT04349410 protocol and failure to improve with elevated interleukin-6 and ferritin levels, patient’s treatment were changed following measurement of Corona Virus Pneumonia (CVP). Follow up measurements of CVP confirmed improvement with combined intravenous Tocilizumab, Interferon α-2β nebulizer, Atrovent nebulizer and SQ heparin treatment
Recent Patents on Electrochemical Machining of Shaped Holes
Authors: Li Zhaolong , Cao Bingren 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Electrochemical Machining (ECM) can machine most conductive materials
and is not limited by physical properties of materials such as strength, hardness and toughness. However,
the process of ECM is unstable as the structure of tool electrode, electrolyte composition and the
machining device of ECM will affect machining accuracy and stability of shaped holes. Therefore, people
pay more and more attention to the development trend of ECM of shaped holes.

Objective:
In order to increase machining accuracy and machining stability of ECM of shaped holes,
ECM method has been constantly improved.

Methods:
This paper reviews various representative patents and papers on ECM of shaped holes at
home and abroad.

Results:
By summarizing a large number of patents and papers about ECM of shaped holes, this paper
analyzes the structure of tool electrode, electrolyte composition and the machining device of ECM, and
the development trend of ECM of shaped holes is also discussed.

Conclusion:
The optimization of the technological equipment and process of ECM of shaped holes is
beneficial to improve the machining accuracy and the machining stability of shaped holes. More interrelated
patents on ECM of shaped holes will be invented later.
Impact of Telemedicine Use by Oncology Physicians on the Patient and Informal Caregiver Experience of Receiving Care: Protocol for a Scoping Review in the Context of COVID-19
Authors: Thiessen Maclean , Soriano Andrea Michelle , Loewen Hal John , Decker Kathleen Margaret 
Published: December 2020

Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of telemedicine by oncology physicians in Manitoba, Canada, has increased to limit the risk of exposure to the virus for both patients and health care providers. It is not clear how telemedicine impacts the information needs of patients or the experience of receiving cancer care.

Objective
The objective of this study is to describe how the use of telemedicine impacts the information needs and experience of patients with cancer and their informal caregivers (ie, family and friends) and identify directions for future research.

Methods
This review will include all studies addressing telemedicine in the cancer context including those using quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods approaches. This scoping review will be conducted using the methodology described by the Joanna Briggs Institute. In collaboration with a librarian scientist specializing in health sciences, a comprehensive search will be undertaken to identify and retrieve relevant reports published in English from 1990 to the present. Databases searched will include MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO. Data will be extracted by two independent reviewers, synthesized, and reported in a summary table and in a narrative format describing what has been reported regarding the impact of telemedicine by physicians in oncology on the experience of patients and their informal caregivers and their receipt of information.

Results
The results from this scoping review are expected to be available by late spring 2021.

Conclusions
The results from this scoping review will be useful for informing practice as well as directing future research, both in the context of COVID-19 and beyond.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/25501
Analysis of RF Radiation and its Health Effects in Champhai District of Mizoram
Authors:   Department of Physics, Mizoram University, Aizawl–796004, Mizoram, zuala Lallawm , Pachuau Lalrinthara ,   Department of Physics, Pachhunga University College, Aizawl–796001, Mizoram E-mail: *zaiapach14@gmail.com, Pachuau Z. 
Published: December 2020

A detailed survey was conducted on people living within and beyond 50m from mobile base station, on thirteen (13)	different non-specific health symptoms faced by inhabitants living near mobile tower in six different localities in Champhai district for the first time, since mobile tower was erected in 2009. Power density of RF radiation have also been measured within and outside 50m from the station for GSM900 and GSM1800 in the same locality. The measured power densities have been compared with standard limits given by various scientific bodies like International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP 1998), Bioinitiative Report (Sage and Carpenter 2012) ,Salzburg Resolution (Haumann et al. 2000) and current Indian National Standards. The radiation level is under permissible limits as per the guidelines adopted in India. Also the results were statistically analysed and compared by using Kruskal Walli’s t-test. It was found that the comparisons are statistically significant with p<0.05 in all the six localities where headache, memory loss and muscle pain are the most common health complaints. From the correlation studies, it has been found that there is a strong positive correlation between power density and complaints on non-specific health symptoms.
La Universidad del futuro y la Revolución 4.0. Hacia una Universidad innovadora. Análisis prospectivo.
Authors: Carbajal-Amaya Roberto Vladimir 
Published: December 2020

El ascenso de la transformación digital obliga a renovar la Educación Superior lo que se espera es tener una Universidad del futuro lo cual implica transitar del modelo I+D Innovación + Desarrollo al modelo I+D +ii Innovación + Desarrollo+ Innovación inteligente; es decir que la Institución Educativa estará conformada de inteligencia humana e inteligencia artificial y esta se articula a partir de dos componentes el currículo inteligente que ofrece libertad en las formaciones y en las innovaciones académicas y las innovaciones científicas y tecnológicas. Lo que significa que estas Instituciones deben avanzar de acuerdo con el progreso de la sociedad y brindar su aporte al desarrollo tecnológico-científico. La función de la Academia tradicionalmente a lo largo de la historia ha sido la formación de élites y el formar grupos específicos para un mercado laboral. Sin embargo, esta función trasciende más allá de lo tradicional actualmente como lo es el aporte a la sociedad por medio de sus investigaciones que se conviertan en aportes que influyan en el desarrollo productivo pues la escasa vinculación con el sector productivo hace que trabajen de manera aislada y que sus funciones académicas como las investigaciones se vuelvan intrascendentes. La sociedad en general, demanda una Universidad la cual no solo vaya más allá de la simple transmisión de conocimientos sino una Institución que contribuya al desarrollo a través de la ciencia y la tecnología
Petr Hiltebrandt as Contributor to “Ancient and Modern Russia” Journal
Authors: Khoteev Aleksey S. 
Published: December 2020

The article examines the contribution of Vilno bibliographer and archeographer Petr Hildebrandt to St. Petersburg journal “Ancient and Modern Russia”. The journal published many of his articles on church history and culture. The author analyzes his views as a publicist. Hildebrandt’s articles promoted popularization of the information about West-Russian history in Russia.
Project of Resolving the Belarusian Issue During World War I (1914–1918): Regional Aspects
Authors: Lavrinivich Dmitry S. 
Published: December 2020

At the beginning of the World War I, the center of Belarusian national movement was located in Vilna, where the editors of «Nasha Niva» journal and the « Belarusian society» formed two main views on the national development of the Belarusian people in the 20th century. The first project assumed national autonomy within the Federal Russian Republic. The representatives of the latter advocated the cultural and economic development of the Belarusian people while maintaining close ties with Russia. After the occupation of Vilna by the German troops and the fall of the tsarist government in 1917 independent Belarusian organizations emerged in all provincial cities and towns. Belarusian organizations, with centers in Minsk, advocated the national-territorial autonomy of Belarus as part of democratic Russia, and then the idea of creating an independent state, the Belarusian People’s Republic, prevailed. Belarusian organizations of Mogilev province were influenced by the ideology of Westrusism, but gradually evolved to the left and became closer to the Belarusian Socialist Community (BSG). The most conservative organization, the Belarusian People’s Union, operated in Vitebsk province.