bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Putative Pleiotropic Effects of the Knock-Down Resistance (L1014F) Allele on the Life-History Traits in Anopheles Gambiae.
Authors: Medjigbodo Adandé A. , Djogbénou Luc Salako , Djihinto Oswald Y. , Akoton Romaric B. , Abbey Emmanuella , Kakossou Rosaria M. , Sonounameto Eric G. , Salavi Esther B.J. , Djossou Laurette , Badolo Athanase 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundExisting mechanisms of insecticide resistance have been known to help the survival of mosquitoes following contact with chemical compounds, even though they could negatively affect the life-history traits of resistant malaria vectors. In West Africa, the knock-down resistance mechanism, kdrR (L1014F) is the most common. However, little knowledge is available on its effects on mosquito life traits. We investigated the fitness effects associated with this knock-down resistance allele in Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.).MethodsTwo laboratory reference strains of An. gambiae s.s., Kisumu (susceptible) and KisKdr (kdr resistant) were used. Female mosquitoes were fed and allowed to lay eggs. Fecundity and fertility were assessed by examining the number of eggs per mosquito and larval hatching rates. Larval survivorship and pupation rates were also measured. Female mosquitoes of both strains were fed through membrane feeding assays, then the blood feeding success, blood volume and adult survivorship were monitored. ResultsAn. gambiae carrying kdrR allele (KisKdr) showed a lower ability to lay eggs. The mean number of larvae in the susceptible strain Kisumu was overall threefold higher than that seen in KisKdr strain with significant difference in the hatching rates (81.89% in Kisumu versus 72.89% in KisKdr, p= 0.003). KisKdr larvae had a significant higher larval survivorship than Kisumu. The blood feeding success was significantly higher (p= 2.2.10-16) in the resistant mosquitoes (84%) than that in the susceptible ones (34.75%). However, the mean blood volume was 1.36 µL/mg, 1.45 µL/mg and 1.68 µL/mg in Kisumu, homozygote and heterozygote KisKdr respectively. After blood feeding, the heterozygote KisKdr displayed highest survivorship when compared to that of Kisumu.ConclusionsOur findings provide novel insights on fitness effects of the kdrR (L1014F) allele in An. gambiae. The presence of this resistance allele tends to have an impact on mosquito life-history traits such as fecundity, fertility, larval survivorship and blood feeding behaviour. These data could help to guide the implementation of more reliable strategies for the control of malaria vectors.
Estimating the Tolerance of Brachial Plexus to Hypofractionated Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy – A Modelling-based Approach from Clinical Experience.
Authors: Kapitanova Irina , Biswas Sharmi , Divekar Sabrina , Kemmerer Eric J , Rostock Robert A , Forster Kenneth M , Grimm Rachel J , Scofield Carla J , Grimm Jimm , Emami Bahman , Mahadevan Anand 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Brachial plexopathy (BP) is a potentially serious complication from stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) that has not been widely studied. Therefore, we compared datasets from two different institutions and generated a brachial plexus dose-response model, to quantify what dose constraints would be needed to minimize the effect on normal tissue while still enabling potent therapy for the tumor.Methods: Two published SBRT datasets were pooled and modeled from patients treated with SBRT at Indiana University and the Richard Roudebush VAMC from 1998 to 2007, as well as the Karolinska Institute from 2008 to 2013. All patients in both studies were treated with SBRT for apically located lung tumors localized superior to the aortic arch. Toxicities were graded according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) and a probit dose response model was created with maximum likelihood parameter fitting.Results: This analysis includes a total of 89 brachial plexus Dmax values from both institutions. Among the 14 patients who developed BP, the most common complications were grade 2, comprising 7 patients. The median follow-up was 30 months (range 6.1-72.2) in the Karolinska dataset, and Indiana had a median of 13 months (range 1-71). Both studies had a median range of 3 fractions, but in the Indiana dataset 9 patients were treated in 4 fractions and the paper did not differentiate which ones were which, so our analysis is considered to be in 3-4 fractions, which is one of the main limitations. The probit model showed that the risk of BP with Dmax of 26 Gy in 3-4 fractions is 10%, and 50% with Dmax of 70 Gy in 3 -4 fractions.Conclusions: This analysis is only a preliminary result because more details are needed, and more comprehensive datasets are needed from a much broader cross-section of clinical practices. When more institutions join the QUANTEC and HyTEC methodology of reporting sufficient details to enable data pooling, our field will finally reach an improved understanding of human dose tolerance.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Gastroesophageal Reflux in Symptomatic Very Preterm Neonates
Authors: Hu Yu , Fu Jian-Hua , Zhang Shu-Cheng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Because of immature development, preterm infants are prone to respiratory and digestive symptoms of dyspnea, vomiting, and aspiration pneumonia. These symptoms are often observed in infants with gastroesophageal reflux (GER). However, the relationship between GER and these symptoms remain unclear.Methods A cohort of 61 preterm infants born at 32 weeks of gestation or earlier with respiratory or digestive symptoms were retrospectively reviewed. All the preterm infants underwent 24-hour pH-multichannel intraluminal impedance monitoring. Clinical data were analyzed using logistic regression analyses.Results Among the 61 symptomatic preterm infants, 34 were positive for pathologic GER with a prevalence of 55.7%. The GER associated symptoms included apnea (42.6%), cyanosis (19.7%), vomiting (14.8%), pneumonia (9.8%), and poor weight gain (13.1%). These respiratory and digestive symptoms were more frequent in infants with pathologic GER than in those without. (p<0.05) The risk factors for GER included severe BPD (odds ratio [OR], 6.890; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.125-42.209). Probiotics and delayed full oral feeds reduced the risk of GER (odds ratio [OR], 0.642; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.457-0.901, p<0.05; OR, 0.234, 95% CI, 0.069-0.794, p<0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of GER is high in the symptomatic preterm infants. GER aggravates the respiratory and digestive symptoms holding that not all the symptoms are GER associated. Probiotics and delayed full oral feeds can decrease the prevalence of GER.
The effects of workplace health education on smoking-related behaviour and unequal gains by job position in China: ABWMC programme findings
Authors: LIN Haoxiang , CHEN Meijun , Chang Chun , LIU Zhao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective: Although the Chinese government has introduced a series of regulations to promote tobacco-related health education in workplaces, the implementation impact has been far from satisfactory. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of company level tobacco-related health education and the potential unequal gain across job positions.Methods: Data from the 2018 Asia Best Workplace Mainland China programme were employed to address these aims. This was a cross-sectional study that included 14195 employees from 79 companies in mainland China. Spearman correlation tests were used to examine unadjusted correlation between the study variables, and binary logistic regression was used for multivariable analysis.Results: Tobacco-related health education was associated with better smoking harm awareness, lower second-hand smoke exposure, better perceived workplace environment and positive health information-seeking behaviour. Job position interacted with health education, suggesting that positive effects of health education were smaller for general employees than employees who held an administrative position.Conclusions: We conclude that workplace tobacco-related health education was not only associated with tobacco control effects but also had spillover effects, which were significant for higher-ranking employees. Policy makers should recognize and reduce the potential health disparities.
Converting Habits of Antibiotic Use for Respiratory Tract Infections in German Primary Care (Change-3) - Process evaluation of a complex intervention
Authors: Poß-Doering Regina , Kuehn Lukas , Kamradt Martina , Glassen Katharina , Thomas Fleischhauer , Kaufmann-Kolle Petra , Koeppen Martina , Wollny Anja , Altiner Attila , Wensing Michel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial resistance remains a global challenge. In Germany, the national health agenda supports measures that enhance the appropriate, guideline-oriented use of antibiotics. The study “Converting Habits of Antibiotic Use for Respiratory Tract Infections in German Primary Care (CHANGE-3)” aimed at a sustainable reduction of antimicrobial resistance through converting patterns of prescribing and use of antibiotics and an increase in health literacy in primary care patients, practice teams, and in the general public. Embedded in a cluster-randomized trial of a multifaceted implementation program, a process evaluation focused on the uptake of program components to assess the fidelity of the implementation program in the CHANGE-3 study and to understand utilization of its educational components. Methods: A mix of qualitative and quantitative methods was used. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with General Practitioners, Medical Assistants, patients treated for respiratory tract infection and outreach visitors who had carried out individual outreach visits. A two-wave written survey (T1: 5 months after start, T2: 16 months after start) was conducted in general practitioners and medical assistants. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic framework analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze survey data. Results: Uptake of intervention components was heterogenous. Across all components, the uptake reported by General Practitioners varied from 20% to 88% at T1 and 31% to 63% at T2. Medical Assistants reported uptake from 22% to 70% at T1 and 6% to 69% at T2. Paper-based components could by and large be integrated in daily practice (64% to 90% in T1; 41% to 93% in T2), but uptake of digital components was low. A one-time outreach visit provided thematic information and feedback regarding actual prescribing, but due to time constraints were received with reluctance by practice teams. Patients were largely unaware of program components, but assumed that information and education could promote health literacy regarding antibiotics use. Conclusions: The process evaluation contributed to understanding the applicability of the delivered educational components with regards to the appropriate use of antibiotics. Future research efforts need to identify the best mode of delivery to reach the targeted population. Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN15061174. Registered 13 July 2018 – Retrospectively registered, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN15061174
Factors Influencing the Deterioration from Cognitive Decline of Normal Aging to Dementia among Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Hayajneh Audai A. , Rababa Mohammad , Alghwiri Alia A. , Masha'al Dina 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: A dearth of differential research exists regarding the determinants of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and moderate cognitive impairment or dementia among nursing home residents. This study aimed to identify and examine the association between medical factors (number of comorbidities, hospitalization, disability, depression, frailty and quality of life) and moderate cognitive impairment or dementia in nursing homes residents.Methods: A cross-sectional design was used in this study. Convenience sampling of 182 participants was conducted in nursing homes located in the central part of Jordan. Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) was used to screen both MCI and moderate cognitive impairment or dementia. Bivariate analysis, including t-test and ANOVA test, and logistic and linear regression models were used to examine and identify the medical factors associated with moderate cognitive impairment or dementia compared to mild cognitive impairment.Results: Most nursing home residents had MCI (87.4%) compared to a few with moderate cognitive impairment or dementia. Age (t = -2.773), number of comorbidities (t = -4.045), depression (t = -4.809), frailty (t = -4.038), and quality of life physical (t = 3.282) and mental component summaries (t = 2.469) were significantly different between the stages of cognitive impairment. Marital status (t = -4.050, p < 0.001), higher-income (t = 3.755, p < 0.001), recent hospitalization (t = 2.622,p = 0.01), depression (t = -2.737, p = 0.007), and frailty (t = 2.852, p = 0.005) were significantly associated with mental ability scores among nursing home residents.Conclusion: The coexistence of comorbidities and depression among nursing home residents with MCI necessitates prompt management by healthcare providers to combat depressive symptoms in order to delay the dementia trajectory among at-risk residents.Trail registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04589637
Correlation between blood group type and Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CA-UTI) in critically ill patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Sulaiman Khalid Al , Qahtani Nouf Al , Muqrin Mashael Al , Dossari Maram Al , Wabel Ali Al , Sulaiman Tareq Al , Vishwakarma Ramesh 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: CA-UTI consider one of the most common hospital acquired infections. Several risk factors for CA-UTI have been identified. There is no enough evidence regard the impact of ABO type and the risk of CA-UTI acquisition. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between ABO types and the risk of having recurrent, reinfection CA-UTI, and MDR reinfection in critically ill.Methodology: A retrospective cohort study of adult ICU patients through 2018 in ICU at tertiary hospital who have confirmed CA-UTI to investigate the correlation between ABO type with the susceptibility of recurrent, reinfection and MDR reinfection CA-UTI in critically ill. 1730 patients were reviewed to screen patients for inclusion into the study,203 patients have confirmed CA-UTI using 2010 IDSA guideline definition.81patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups based on ABO type (O-group Vs. Non-O group). We considered a P value of < 0.05 as statistically significant.Results: Among 81 patients, 37 patients (45.6%) had O blood group type. Patients with O blood group type were associated with lower rate of recurrent CA-UTI (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.085-0.952, P = 0.0414), multidrug resistant (MDR) organisms (OR 0.05, 95% CI 0.003-0.752, P = 0.0304), shorter ICU LOS (Est (SE): -0.024 (0.045), P = <0.001) and mechanical ventilation duration (Est. (SE): -0.41 (0.066), P = <0.001) compared with non-O blood group type. On the other hand, neither CA-UTI reinfection (OR 1.47, 95% CI 0.357-6.054, P = 0.5538) nor ICU mortality (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.219-2.257, P = 0.5538) were statistically significant.Conclusion: Patients with non-O group type were statistically significant associated with higher rate of recurrent CA-UTI and MDRO. These data confirm the need for randomized controlled trials with a larger sample size to clarify and confirm our study findings.
Flexible Brain Transitions Between Hierarchical Network Segregation and Integration Predict Human Behavior
Authors: Wang Rong , Su Xiaoli , Chang Zhao , Wu Ying , Lin Pan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Cognition involves locally segregated and globally integrated processing. This process is hierarchically organized, linking to evidence from hierarchical modules in brain networks. However, it remains a mystery how flexible transitions between these hierarchical processes are associated with human behavior. Here, we used a multisource interference task and measured hierarchical segregation and integration across multiple levels. Our results show more flexible transitions between segregated and integrated brain states in the task state. Crucially, brain flexibility in resting and task states was associated with human behavior. To achieve a better performance, the resting brain is optimized to be more flexible, such that it is prepared to more efficiently switch into a task state where the brain needs less flexibility to stably perform the task. Our hierarchical modular analysis was more effective in detecting the alterations in functional organization and the phenotype of human behavior than graph-based network measures at a single level.
Phase Engineering of Mo-V Oxides for Zinc-Ion Batteries
Authors: Qu Gan , Qiu Chuntian , Wang Jun , Tan Jiewen , Jia Shuangfeng , Chen Zhesheng , Rueff Jean-Pascal , Zheng Guangyuan , Su Chenliang , Tian Bingbing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
With the ever-increasing demands of grid-scale energy storage, aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have garnered increasing attention around the world. However, limited Zn2+ host materials have hindered the commercialization of ZIBs. Hence, Mo-V oxides with different phase structures (orth-, tri-, and tetra-MoVO) were precisely constructed to develop phase-dependent Mo-V oxide cathodes for Zn2+ storage in ZIBs. The open frameworks and varied tunnel structures formed a favorable alternative for achieving suitable Zn2+ diffusion kinetics. With optimized phase engineering, a high specific capacity of approximately 400 mAh g−1 and the excellent cyclic stability of 1000 cycles were achieved with orth-MoVO as the cathode. The large amount of six- and seven-member rings in the orth-MoVO phase, which allow for alternative Zn2+ insertion, played a vital role in hosting Zn2+ ions reversibly. The proposed phase engineering strategy provides a new approach toward cathode design in ZIBs.
MiR-375 gene therapy attenuates drug resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inhibiting cell autophagy
Authors: Wang Dan , Yang Jingbo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective

To probe into the regulatory mechanism of miR-375 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells under sorafenib treatment.
Methods

Western blotting and qRT-PCR were applied to measure the expressions of miR-375 and SIRT5 in parental HCC cells (HepG2 and Huh7) and sorafenib-resistant HCC cells (HepG2/so and Huh7/so). HepG2/so cells were accordingly transfected with miR-375 mimic, miR-375 inhibitor, sh-SIRT5, pcDNA3.1-SIRT5 or negative control. Western blotting measured the expressions of p62, LC3I and LC3II in HCC cells. CCK-8 and flow cytometry assessed the survivability and apoptosis of HCC cells, respectively. Bioinformatics techniques and dual-luciferase reporter assay predicted and verified the targeting relationship between miR-375 and SIRT5.
Results

MiR-375 was under-expressed and SIRT5 was over-expressed in HCC cells. Autophagy inhibitor impaired the survival of HepG2/so cells transfected with miR-375 inhibitor. Autophagy activator enhanced the drug resistance of HepG2/so cells transfected with miR-375 mimic. MiR-375 suppressed the drug resistance of HepG2/so cells by inhibiting autophagy. SIRT5 enhanced the drug resistance of HepG2/so cells by promoting autophagy and it could be targeted by miR-375.
Conclusion

MiR-375 suppresses autophagy to attenuate the drug resistance of HCC cells by regulating SIRT5. The findings of this study may provide new therapeutic targets for treating hepatocellular carcinoma.
Antimicrobial resistance profile and multidrug resistance patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from patients suspected for pneumococcal infections in Ethiopia
Authors: SHAREW BEKELE , Moges Feleke , Yismaw Gizachew , Abebe Wondiwossen , Fentaw Surafal , Caugant Dominique A. , Vestrheim Didrik , Tessema Belay 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Backgrounds: Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the leading causes of bacterial meningitis and pneumoniae in elderly people and children. Antimicrobial resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae has been detected in all parts of the world and become one of the greatest challenges to global public health today. The aim of this study is therefore, to assess the antimicrobial resistance profiles and multidrug resistance patterns of S. pneumoniae isolates from patients suspected for pneumococcal infections in Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital-based prospective study was conducted from 2018 to 2019 at Addis Ababa and Amhara region referral hospitals. Antimicrobial resistance tests were performed on 57 isolates of S. pneumoniae that were collected from pediatric and adult patients. Samples (cerebrospinal fluid, blood, sputum, eye discharge, ear discharge, pleural and peritoneal fluids) from all collection sites were initially cultured onto 5 % sheep blood agar plates and incubated overnight at 370C in 5% CO2 atmosphere. S. pneumoniae was identified and confirmed by typical colony morphology, alpha-hemolysis, Gram staining, optochin susceptibility and bile solubility test. Drug resistance testing was performed using E-test method according to recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.Results: Of the 57 isolates, 17.5% were fully resistant to penicillin. Corresponding value for both cefotaxime and ceftriaxone was 1.8%. Resistance rates to erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were 59.6%, 17.5%, 38.6%, 17.5% and 24.6%, respectively. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was seen in 33.3% isolates. The most common pattern was co-resistance to penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin and tetracycline.Conclusions: Most bacterial isolates were susceptible to Ceftriaxone and Cefotaxime. Penicillin has been used as a drug of choice for treating S. pneumoniae infection. However, antimicrobial resistance including multidrug resistance was observed to a number of commonly used antibiotics including penicillin. Hence, it is important to periodically monitor the antibiotic resistance patterns to choose empirical treatments for better management of pneumococcal infection.