bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tree Nut Oils: Chemical Profiles, Extraction, Stability, and Quality Concerns
Authors: Maestri Damián , Cittadini María Cecilia , Bodoira Romina , Martínez Marcela 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTree nuts are globally consumed. Their kernels are calorie‐rich, nutrient‐dense foods and contain several bioactive and health‐promoting components. While some nut crops have expanded through the world since ancient times (almond, hazelnut, walnut), more recently, there has been a parallel development of underexploited promising species (Brazil nut, macadamia, pecan). Nut kernels have high lipid content, ranging from 40% to 80% depending on nut species and varieties. In general, nut oils contain significant proportions of nutritionally and medicinally desirable fatty acids and nutraceutical compounds (sterols, tocopherols, and other phenolics). A considerable genetic variability in oil content and composition is present in nut genetic resources worldwide. This suggests the possibility of different breeding lines focused to enhance oil yields, chemical and quality traits. Regarding extraction, screw‐pressing is suitable to achieve high oil recovery and good quality standards, but seed materials should be conditioned appropriately. Seed moisture content and pressing temperature appear as key variables to enhance oil recovery. This article presents an overview on chemical profiles, mechanical extraction, and quality concerns of oils from the most widely produced tree nut crops. The revision is also aimed at identifying areas where knowledge is insufficient and to set priorities for further research.Practical applications: The review updates and increases knowledge about oils from tree nut genetic resources, encompassing genetic variability and environmental effects on oil yield and compositional traits. It also analyzes findings regarding oil extraction and provides useful insights to establish better conditions for achieving sustainable oil yields and good quality standards.
Heatwave duration: Characterizations using probabilistic inference
Authors: Raha Sohini , Ghosh Sujit K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCharacterization of heatwave duration is becoming increasingly important in environmental research as they pose a significant threat to many human lives worldwide. Although several quantification of the extremities of a heatwave have been proposed in literature, they are mostly improvised and there does not exist a universally accepted definition of heatwave. In this article, we devise a probabilistic inferential framework to characterize heatwave and come up with a definition that can capture the essence of all existing ad hoc definitions. We derive an exact distribution on the frequency of such durations for a stationary Markov process and also an approximate distribution of durations for a stationary non‐Markov time series. For a given site, using a daily time series (of ambient temperature or heat‐index), we define a heatwave as the number of sustained days above a given threshold using the probability distribution of the durations. We illustrate the proposed methodology using daily time series of ambient temperature for a fixed site (of Atlanta) and also using the USCRN consisting of 126 sites across the United States. Furthermore, we also derive an empirical quadratic curve based relationship between expected durations and extreme thresholds. The proofs of the theorems, datasets, algorithms, and computer codes are provided in the supplementary materials.
A systematic review of outcomes following residential treatment for eating disorders
Authors: Peckmezian Tina , Paxton Susan J 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveResidential centres for the treatment of eating disorders are becoming increasingly common, yet data following residential care are scarce. We reviewed outcomes of residential treatment for eating disorders across all diagnoses, age groups and genders. A secondary goal was to identify treatment elements and patient characteristics that predicted a greater response to treatment.MethodPeer‐reviewed studies published in the last 20 years were identified through a systematic search of the electronic databases PubMed and Cochrane Library.ResultsNineteen open‐label studies reporting changes between admission and discharge were included in this review. Most took an eclectic approach to treatment, integrating elements from several different techniques without a unifying theoretical framework. All studies reported improvements in most outcomes at discharge, including changes in eating disorders psychopathology, weight, depression, anxiety and quality of life. Eight studies reported outcomes at some interval after discharge, with largely positive outcomes.ConclusionsWhile residential care was associated with consistently positive outcomes, the variability in program characteristics and poor quality of research designs prevent firm conclusions from being drawn about their efficacy. Future research should include controlled studies that evaluate specific theoretical approaches and program elements, include long‐term follow‐up, and compare residential care to other treatment settings.
Connectivity evaluation for three‐dimensional fracture network in support‐based model: A case study in the Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Huang Fan , Yao Chi , Zhang Xiaobo , Shao Yulong , He Chen , Zhou Chuangbing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractConnectivity is an effective indicator to describe the flow paths and mechanical behavior of reservoir fractured rock masses. The connectivity evaluation of fracture networks plays an important role in the design, assessment, and development of reservoirs in several important engineering applications, such as geothermal recovery and petroleum industry. Based on Allard's definition of a connectivity index, a 3D connectivity evaluation method is proposed in this study by building the connectivity functions of the supports. Meanwhile, different connectivity functions are built for different situations. In addition, a convex polygon is used to simulate the fracture to make the fracture network as real as possible. The accuracy of the generated fracture network was verified by comparing three parameters of fracture, and the results showed that the relative error was less than 5%. Some examples in the Ordos Basin, China, are given to verify the correctness of the program and method. Analysis results show that the 3D method is more realistic than the 2D connectivity evaluation, and the connectivity field of the fracture network is more reliable in the 3D method. Moreover, the proposed method can show the potential preferential flow path in a stereoscopic manner and thus greatly extends the function of connectivity analysis. This method provides important information for the prediction of paths and the evaluation of the connectivity of the fracture network and is important in evaluating the optimal location of geothermal recovery and petroleum industry.
Game theory based framework of smart food quality assessment
Authors: Bhatia Munish 
Published: March 2020

AbstractInternet of Things (IoT) technology backed by fog‐cloud computing has conceptualized the notion of Industry 4.0. Motivated from this, smart restaurants presents a novel vision of provisioning effective food quality assessment based on game‐theoretic decision‐modeling techniques. This research presents an IoT‐inspired framework to analyze restaurants and food‐hubs for food quality perspective. Specifically, IoT technology is used to acquire ubiquitous data inside restaurant environment that can impact food quality directly and indirectly. This data is analyzed over the fog‐cloud computing platform to formulate a quantification measure in terms of probability of food quality using Bayesian modeling technique. In addition to this, food quality assurance index is estimated to present a unifying factor for food quality assessment over temporal scale. Finally, a three‐player game‐model is presented for food quality‐based decision making by the customers, restaurant managers, and monitoring officials. For validation purposes, the proposed model is deployed in four restaurants of Amritsar, India. The comparative analysis was performed with state‐of‐the‐art decision‐making modeling techniques, which showed the superiority of the presented technique in terms of temporal efficiency, statistical performance enhancement, correlation analysis, stability, and reliability. Moreover, a mathematical evaluation has been performed to depict the overall performance enhancement for the proposed decision‐making.
Culturally tailored tobacco control: Aboriginal community perspectives in Sydney, Australia
Authors: Khan Raquiba J. , Poder Natasha , Kovai Vilas , Robinson Laurel , Wright Darryl , Spinks Mark , Heathcote Jeremy , Millen Elizabeth , Welsh Kerry , Bedford Karen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionA community‐based project was developed to support quit attempts and denormalise smoking in Aboriginal communities. This qualitative study evaluates the effectiveness of project strategies, messages and the partnership process, and explores impacts observed by Aboriginal community members, complementing findings from a quantitative evaluation.MethodsThe study comprised five focus groups (40 participants) and 14 in‐depth interviews (with 15 community members). Data were analysed thematically by manual and NVivo software methods.ResultsResults demonstrate that the project attracted community attention, was well recalled and messages were considered convincing and persuasive. Participants reported being more likely to quit and to discuss smoking with family and friends, and noticed that many people were quitting. Participants observed an increase in asking people not to smoke in the home and fewer people smoking at events, but noted that many smokers struggled to stay quit. The partnership and participation of Aboriginal Health Workers were viewed as crucial.ConclusionThe qualitative findings reinforce quantitative evaluation findings suggesting that the project contributed to denormalising smoking and motivating quit attempts.So whatThe evaluation provided insight into how the project changed attitudes and motivated community members to make quit attempts and provided ideas to meet the ongoing challenge.
Systematic Review and Weight of Evidence Are Integral to Ecological and Human Health Assessments: They Need an Integrated Framework
Authors: Suter Glenn , Nichols Jennifer , Lavoie Emma , Cormier Susan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Scientific assessments synthesize the various results of scientific research for policy and decision making. Synthesizing evidence in environmental assessments can involve either or both of 2 systems: systematic review (SR) and weight of evidence (WoE). Systematic review was developed to systematically assemble results of clinical trials to be combined by meta-analysis. Weight-of-evidence approaches have evolved from jurisprudence to make inferences from diverse bodies of evidence in various fields. Our objectives are to describe the similarities and differences between SR and WoE and to suggest how their best practices can be combined into a general framework that is applicable to human health and ecological assessments. Integrating SR and WoE is based on the recognition that 2 processes are required, assembling evidence and making an inference. Systematic review is characterized by methodical literature searching, screening, and data extraction, originally for meta-analysis but now for various inferential methods. Weight of evidence is characterized by systematically relating heterogeneous evidence to considerations appropriate to the inference and making the inference by weighing the evidence. Systematic review enables the unbiased assembly of evidence from literature, but methods for assembling other information must be considered as well. If only 1 type of quantitative study estimates the assessment endpoint, meta-analysis is appropriate for inference. Otherwise, the heterogeneous evidence must be weighed. A framework is presented that integrates best practices into a methodical assembly and weighing of evidence. A glossary of terms for the combined practice and a history of the origins of SR and WoE are provided in Supplemental Data. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:718–728. Published 2020. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Elastomeric polyurethane porous film functionalized with gastrodin for peripheral nerve regeneration
Authors: Li Qing , Li Limei , Yu Mali , Zheng Meng , Li Yao , Yang Jian , Dai Min , Zhong Lianmei , Sun Lin , Lu Di 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe extracellular matrix provides cells with a support structure and an attachment site in actual substrate. Its biochemical and surface properties play an important role in and have significant impact on cell attachment, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and gene expression. Leveraging the hydrophilicity and neuroprotective of gastrodin, a gastrodin/polyurethane (PU) elastomer was developed utilizing in situ polymerization and salt‐leaching methods. The results showed that gastrodin/PU film had a good flexibility and supporting strength, as well as hydrophilicity. Thus film possessed highly surface area, interconnected porous structure with a pore size (10~60 μm) for cell attachment, and could provide surface cues to augment neurite extension. For PC12 cells cultured within the films, especially the 5gastrodin/PU group, presented a progressive increase with time, coupled with the upregulation of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell derived neurotrophic factor expression. This is the first report on the construction of a gastrodin/PU porous film, and the results reveal its promise as a scaffold material for neural tissue engineering.
Fragmentation at sp2 carbon atoms in fragment molecular orbital method
Authors: Akinaga Yoshinobu , Kato Koichiro , Nakano Tatsuya , Fukuzawa Kaori , Mochizuki Yuji 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method, a given molecular system is usually fragmented at sp3 carbon atoms. However, fragmentation at different sites sometimes becomes necessary. Hence, we propose fragmentation at sp2 carbon atoms in the FMO method. Projection operators are constructed using sp2 local orbitals. To maintain practical accuracy, it is essential to consider the three‐body effect. In order to suppress the corresponding increase of computational cost, we propose approximate models considering local trimers. Numerical verification shows that the present models are as accurate as or better than the standard FMO2 method in total energy with fragmentation at sp3 carbon atoms.
Clinical application of red cell distribution width, mean platelet volume, and cancer antigen 125 detection in endometrial cancer
Authors: Zhang Hongyu , Liang Ka , Ke Liuhua , Tang Shifu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundRed cell distribution width (RDW) and mean platelet volume (MPV) are considered to be associated with tumors. We investigated the diagnostic value of RDW, MPV, and cancer antigen 125 (CA125), alone or in combination, in the diagnosis of endometrial cancer and endometrial hyperplasia.MethodsThis study included 144 patients with endometrial cancer (stage I: 32; II: 42; III: 48; and IV: 22), 104 patients with endometrial hyperplasia, and 80 healthy control subjects. The whole blood cell parameters were analyzed by a Mindray Blood Cell Analyzer (CAL8000), whereas CA125 was analyzed using an Architect i2000 Analyzer (Abbott).ResultsSignificant differences in RDW, MPV, and CA125 level were observed in the endometrial cancer, endometrial hyperplasia, and control groups (P < .05). Red cell distribution width was positively correlated (r = .735) whereas MPV was negatively correlated with (r = −.736) endometrial cancer staging. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the combined diagnosis of endometrial cancer based on RDW, MPV, and CA125 was 0.924 (95% CI: 0.881‐0.955). The sensitivity and specificity of the combined diagnosis were larger than those of the independent detections involving RDW, MPV, and CA125.ConclusionsThe combination of RDW, MPV, and CA125 can improve the differential diagnosis of endometrial cancer and endometrial hyperplasia.
Racial disparities in breast cancer hereditary risk assessment referrals
Authors: Peterson Jennifer M. , Pepin Abigail , Thomas Rehema , Biagi Tara , Stark Elizabeth , Sparks Andrew D. , Johnson Kerry , Kaltman Rebecca 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFor poorly understood reasons, Black non‐Hispanic (BNH) women meeting National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) criteria for genetic testing for breast cancer risk are less likely than White non‐Hispanic (WNH) women to undergo testing (Armstrong, Micco, Carney, Stopfer, & Putt, JAMA, 293, 1729 and 2005). We compared physician referral rates and uptake for genetic testing of BNH and WNH women meeting select NCCN criteria (breast cancer under age 50, two primary breast cancers, triple‐negative disease under age 60) in the Cancer Center at George Washington University (GWCC) between 2015 and 2018. Of the 723 BNH and WNH patients treated for breast cancer at GWCC, 28% met study criteria for genetic counseling referral (n = 252; BNH n = 115, WNH n = 137). Physician referral rates to genetic counseling differed significantly by race (BNH 75.7%, n = 87 and WNH 92.7%; n = 127; χ2 = 14.19, p‐value < .01). Once referred, though, there was no significant difference in uptake of genetic counseling by race (BNH 95.4%, n = 83; WNH 97.6%, n = 124, χ2 = 1.33, p‐value = .25) for patients appropriately referred.
Factors associated with parental knowledge of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1): Parental affected status and genetic counseling
Authors: Solem Emily P. , Primiano Michelle , McQuillen Marshall P. , Zak Goelz Monika 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic condition characterized by various cutaneous, neurological and psychological manifestations. The present study examined whether parental knowledge of NF1 is associated with a parent's NF1 status, affected or unaffected, and exposure to genetic counseling. Parents of children with NF1 were invited to complete an online survey answering true or false and multiple‐choice questions to evaluate their overall knowledge of NF1. The study included 274 respondents, of which NF1 knowledge scores were significantly higher for unaffected parents (p < .001), and for parents who reported previously meeting with a genetic counselor (p < .001). Items pertaining to NF1‐related cancer were least likely to be answered correctly. The results of the current study revealed lower overall NF1 knowledge in affected parents and knowledge gaps identifying areas where focused NF1 education may be beneficial.
Effects of the North Atlantic Subtropical High on summertime precipitation organization in the southeast United States
Authors: Nieto Ferreira Rosana , Rickenbach Thomas M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study analyzes the effect of the location of the North Atlantic Subtropical High (NASH) western ridge on the daily variability of precipitation organization in the southeastern United States (SE US). The western side of the NASH, also known as the NASH western ridge, plays an important role in the variability of summertime precipitation in this region. In this study, the mean summertime position of the NASH western ridge was determined and used to classify each summer day during 2009–2012 into one of four quadrants. Composites of synoptic‐scale circulation and precipitation from mesoscale and isolated precipitation features (MPF and IPF) were calculated for each NASH western ridge quadrant. MPF contributed most (about 65%) of the total summertime precipitation and accounted for most of the differences between the four NASH quadrants. Domain‐averaged precipitation was highest (lowest) during NASH‐SW (NASH‐NW) when IPF (MPF) precipitation was strongest (weakest). The regionality of MPF precipitation maxima was generally associated with the location of low‐level jets and upper‐level troughs. For instance, positive MPF anomalies occurred across the SE US during NASH‐SW when the Great Plains low‐level jet turned eastward bringing moisture to fuel convection in the SE US. In contrast, IPF rain was distributed more uniformly across the SE US. Finally, this study revealed a dipole of precipitation that is controlled by the position of the NASH western ridge and its associated low‐level jets. In one extreme of the dipole NASH‐SE, periods are associated with enhanced MPF precipitation along the coast and offshore for days at a time, and suppressed MPF precipitation inland. The opposite pattern occurs during NASH‐NW when MPF precipitation is enhanced inland and suppressed along the coast and offshore.
Improvement of aggregate‐associated organic carbon and its stability in bauxite residue by substrate amendment addition
Authors: Tian Tao , Liu Zheng , Zhu Feng , Hartley William , Ye Yuzhen , Xue Shengguo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBauxite residue has extreme alkalinity, poor aggregate stability, and low organic carbon content, which limits plant growth on large expanses of bauxite residue disposal areas. Soil formation of bauxite residue is one of the effective approaches to transform bauxite residue into a soil‐like medium for revegetation. In order to improve aggregate stability and organic carbon content in the short term, addition of substrate amendments is crucial to accelerate soil formation of bauxite residue. Nevertheless, the effect of different amendments on the stability, organic and humic substances distribution in bauxite residue aggregate is unclear. Therefore, a column experiment was used to investigate the distribution and stability of aggregate, and aggregate‐associated carbon by adding phosphogypsum and vermicompost (PVC), and biosolids and microorganism (BSM). The average particle sizes of CK (control check), PVC, and BSM treatments were observed to be ~114, ~157, and ~188 nm, respectively. Compared with CK treatment, the contents of organic carbon, humic acid, and fulvic acid following PVC treatment increased by 1.65, 1.59, and 1.57 times, respectively, and the increased contents of organic carbon, humic acid, and fulvic acid following BSM treatment reached 2.90, 2.69, and 2.60 times, respectively. Results demonstrated that amendment additions enhanced aggregate stability and carbon sequestration, but the effects of BSM treatment were better than those of PVC treatment. The findings offer an evidence that BSM treatment is a feasible approach to accelerate soil formation of bauxite residue, which shows promising applications to reclaim bauxite residue disposal areas.