bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The study of the relationship between stock value and financial performance of iron and steel enterprises using artificial intelligence techniques
Authors: Potanin V V , Sidorov O Yu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Study of the relationship between finance performance and market equity value of Russian public companies, such as PJSC Mechel, PJSC Novolipetsk Iron and Steel Works, PJSC Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works, PJSC Severstal using the artificial neural network (ANN) has been carried out. Data of annual financial statements, stock-exchange equity prices, USD/RUB, EUR/USD exchange rates, RF CB base rate were used as initial data. The number of instructional examples was equal to 15 and there were 16 input values included into each example. In the end, ANN calculated the ratio of the market value of one share to equity capital per share. ANN training was carried out using the backpropagation method and the conjugate gradient method. The average values of discrepancies between the actual value of the ratio of market value to equity capital and calculated value using ANN were 6.0, 2.5, 8.2 % for NLMK, Severstal and MMK, respectively. The use of ANN has shown the overestimated value of equity stock-exchange quotations of PJSC Mechel in relation to the market averages.
Comparative evaluation of effectiveness indexes of column packings in benzol absorbers
Authors: Nogovitsyna E V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Coke-oven gas is produced during coking of charge coal in a coking chamber and it constitutes a mix of different substances. A composition of different components in the gas depends on a composition of the coal charge and conditions of the coking. At a recovery plant, aromatic hydrocarbons are retrieved from the coking gas by absorption oil in packed absorbers. Mass-transfer apparatus demand the equability of the phase distribution. Hydrodynamic conditions, appearing inside contacting apparatus, determinate the effectiveness of the mass-transfer, which means that unbiased evaluation of any given mass-transfer apparatus can be made while simultaneous considering its hydrodynamic and mass-transfer indicators. The different types of column packing have been investigated in this study. The calculations of benzol absorbers have been performed basing on the initial data using the standard methodologies for the recovery plant of JSC EVRAZ NTMK coke and by-product enterprise. For comparison of the results obtained, the complex indexes of effectiveness, that simultaneously take into account the mass-transfer rate, the device capacity, the features of packings and energy cost, have been used.
Substantiation of parameters of underground geotechnology in the development of complex structural deposit of various grades of ores
Authors: Mazhitov A M , Volkov P V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Analysis of mining production activities at the current stage of field development shows an acute deficit in mineral raw materials. At present, most enterprises have exhausted all their prospective reserves and inevitably return to the reserve. Such sites have as a rule a low content of the useful component, are composed of different-grade ores and are located in difficult mining and geological and technical conditions. Their development requires significant capital investment and accordingly this leads to a decrease in the profitability of production. In order to maintain production capacity and extend the life of the field, companies are forced to ensure their development, despite a decrease in overall profits. The search for possible technologies for mining these areas of deposits is an urgent and priority direction for many enterprises. So, in the presented report are the optimal variants of the development of deposits shown, it is represented by different-grade ore bodies, most of them are stacked off-balance ores. The presented solutions make it possible to increase the life of the enterprise by increasing the reserves of previously substandard ores.
Counterflow step-type bulk material cooler
Authors: Shishkin A S , Shishkin S F 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Counterflow cooling is extensively used in many industries to recover the heat from hot materials coming out of kiln. The method for calculating a counterflow step-type bulk material cooler is proposed. It is based on a matrix model of heat balance for individual cooling stages. The proposed equation system allows calculating the required number of steps and airing flow rate. The method was used to design a cyclone heat exchanger for an alumina calcination furnace and a counterflow louvered proppant cooler. It allows taking into account the degree of heat transfer incompleteness at individual stages and minimizing air flow for cooling. Examples of industrial introduction are given. The applicability of the method for counterflow heaters calculating is noted. On the basis of the offered method, step counterflow coolers with louvers were developed and introduced. Such devices and calculation methods can be used to heat the material before being fed into the furnace. The use of step-type counterflow heat exchanger makes it possible to utilize the heat of bulk material leaving the furnace and the heat of exhaust gases.
Calculation of a closed grinding cycle in a jet mill with two classifiers
Authors: Barakovskikh D S , Shishkin S F 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The matrix calculation method is successfully used for calculating the closed cycle in a jet mill. In the traditional closed-cycle scheme of a jet mill, a dynamic centrifugal classifier is used for fine separation of the grinding product. The circulation load can be up to 5 or more. This involves using a high-performance classifier the cost of which will be a significant share of the total installation cost. In addition, the dynamic classifier rotor wear is proportional to the quantity of material, i.e. performance. To eliminate these shortcomings a closed loop scheme with two consecutive classifiers is proposed within the framework of the matrix model. Moreover, the first classifier must be of the pass-through type and the second is of the dynamic one. The use of this scheme in mica production allowed reducing the circulation load on the second centrifugal dynamic classifier for fine separation of the material by two times. Equations that allow determining the granulometric composition and mass yield of separation products, the multiplicity of circulation, the load on the mill and classifiers are obtained. The mathematical model proposed permits to calculate the optimal separation limits of each classifier.
Nickel sorption from solutions with high salt concentration
Authors: Makovskaya O Yu , Kolmachikhina O B , Lobanov V G , Polygalov S E 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The object of the study is salt concentrates formed as a result of treatment of concentrated acidic and alkaline wastewater of galvanic processes, realized on Ural Optical & Mechanical Plant (Russia). Salt concentrates are to be disposed of as low-hazard substances, but periodically the presence of nickel ions in them was detected. Concentration of nickel ions reaches up to 0.3 g/L, the total salt content reaches 200 g/L. The possibility of sorption purification of salt concentrates from nickel on the aminocarboxylicionite Lewatit TP 207 was studied, and the capacitance characteristics of the ionite were determined. It is shown that a high salt background does not reduce the ion exchange capacity of ionite for nickel. The dynamic capacity of Lewatit TP 207 before the breakthrough was 0.155 g/g. Nickel desorption is carried out with 20% sulfuric acid. The maximum concentration of nickel in the eluates was 25.484 g/L. Such eluates can be returned to the nickel-plating bath. The technology of periodic ion-exchange purification of salt concentrates is proposed.
Technology for carrying out hydraulic fracturing using a new material ‘nitinol’
Authors: Verisokin A E , Yanukyan A P , Serdyukov D Yu , Zhulina L G 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper examines the causes of proppant backflow from a fracture to a well, and presents the main technologies for proppant control. The consequences of the removal of the fracture filler into the wellbore are determined. It has been noted that proppant backflow is most damaging to wells operated by electric centrifugal pumps. Existing methods of hydraulic fracturing are investigated, their disadvantages are indicated. A method has been developed for hydraulic fracturing with injection of compressed springs made of metal with the effect of ‘memory’ and restoring their shape under reservoir temperature stress. In the first stage, the remote section of the crack is filled with a fine fraction of ceramic proppant, and at the final stage of crack attachment, compressed springs made of nitinol material are fed. Using of material with a shape memory will allow the proppant packing to be compacted and the proppant to be ‘locked’ in the fracture.
Analysis of single- and double-threaded rolling for production of grinding balls of alloy steel grades
Authors: Galimyanov I 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
JSC EVRAZ NTMK has mastered the technology of production of grinding balls with high hardness of surface and normalized hardness at the depth of 0.5 of a ball radius (4th hardness group) and normalized volume hardness (5th grade hardness) in accordance with Russian state standard GOST 7524–2015. Currently rolling of balls with the rated diameter of 100 mm is performed using double-threaded rolls. Single-threaded pass design is used for rolling of the 120-mm grinding balls. Double-threaded pass design increases a feed angle of rolls. The higher angle increases tangential stresses. 100-mm balls produced through the double-threaded pass design where the flanges excessively wear, show specific defects on a surface of the balls. This article describes the materials and results of the study of rolling of the grinding balls with the diameter of 100 mm and 120 mm produced via single- and double-threaded designs. Lower tangential loads applied to the balls during single-threaded rolling affects their macro structure, their hardening layer thickness.
Study of possibility of cerium reduction from slags of CaO-SiO2-Ce2O3–15%Al2O3–8%MgO system
Authors: Babenko A A , Smirnov L A , Upolovnikova A G , Shartdinov R R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
By means of theoretical and experimental studies it is shown that it is possible to reduction cerium from the slags of the CaO–SiO2–Ce2O3 system containing 15%Al2O3 and 8 % MgO, by aluminum dissolved in metal, at temperatures of 1550 and 1650°C. The results of mathematical modeling are presented graphically as ‘composition – equilibrium content of cerium in metal’ diagrams. It is found that depending on temperature of metal, basicity of slag and the content of cerium oxide, from 0.055 to 16 ppm cerium passes into metal containing 0.06 % of carbon, 0.25 % of silicon and 0.055 % of aluminium. Positive influence of the temperature factor, basicity of slags and the content of cerium oxide in a studied range of chemical composition on process of cerium reduction is explained from the perspective of phase structure of formed slags and thermodynamics of reactions of cerium reduction. The possibility of reduction of cerium from slags of CaO–SiO2–Ce2O3 system, containing 15 % Al2O3 and 8 % MgO, has been experimentally confirmed. It has been shown that at basicity of 5 and 4 % of Ce2O3 in slag up to 16 ppm cerium passes into metal during 10 minutes exposure.
Destruction electrospark deposits during Joule heating of base metal
Authors: Trekin G E , Shevchenko O I 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Electrospark coating deposited on the surfaces of machine parts is a common surface hardening method. Hard materials are normally used for depositing to improve wear resistance or other properties. In this investigation electrospark deposition intended for use as micro-alloying of welds by deposition on to the surface of the base metal and in this case it remelts completely. Intense heating and destruction occurs before remelting, which changes the chemical composition of the melt. The aluminum and titanium coatings is shown to deteriorate at 500 to 650 °C generating a liquid phase due to eutectic available in both metals in this temperature range. Most of titanium and aluminum oxidized at that. It is found that a solid layer, appears after electrospark depositing using both coatings. For aluminum coating, after high-temperature heating, a thicker white layer appears with the same microhardness level as that of the base metal, and a thin layer of partial decarburizing. Fusion sectors are detected in the titanium coating that are harder than the base metal and have a dendritic structure, followed by a thin zone of complete decarburization and quite an extended zone of partial decarburization.
Effect of basicity and chromium oxide on the viscosity of boron-containing slags
Authors: Babenko A A , Shartdinov R R , Upolovnikova A G , Smetannikov A N , Mikhailova L Yu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The main diluent for chromium-containing slags is CaF2. However, fluorspar disadvantages make it necessary to search for a replacement. As a substitute, boron oxide allows to improve slag physical properties and environmental situation. The paper presents the experimental study results of the chemical composition and temperature influence on viscosity of slags of CaO–SiO2–Cr2O3 system containing 8% MgO, 3% Al2O3 and 6% B2O3. It was found that a slag free of chromium oxide with basicity of 1.0 has a sufficiently high fluidity of 0.2–0.6 Pa·s in a wide temperature range of 1200–1350°C, due to high concentration of low-melting phases, reaching 22%, and only 11 % high-melting. A slag with 18% Cr2O3 and the same basicity retains a low viscosity of 0.1–1.0 Pa·s but at higher temperature of 1450–1570 °C due to increase in high-melting compound content to 27%. The viscosity of a slag with basicity of 2.5 without chromium oxide is 0.07–1.0 Pa·s in a narrow temperature range of 1650–1700°C and 0.14–1.0 Pa·s for a ‘shorter’ slag with 18% Cr2O3 and same basicity in even narrower range of 1650–1670°C. These slags have the highest high-melting phase content of about 50%.
The use of additional filler wire to solve the tandem GMAW issues
Authors: Polevoy I O , Fiveyskii A M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A review of the studies showed that the existing technologies for tandem gas metal arc welding (GMAW) of butt welds have a number of problems that do not allow to increase productivity while maintaining low heat inputto base material and stability of the welding process. The possible solution of this problem by feeding of additional filler wire (AFW) in between the welding electrodes is researched in this study. Influence of addition of AFW into the arc and into the weld pool for single-arc GMAW on deposition rate and geometric properties of the welds are researched and the main problems of these methods are showed in the study. The effect of addition of AFW on the temperature of weld pool and heat input to base metal and solidification rate of the weld pool are showed in the study too. The main disadvantages of using pulsed welding modes for providing the stability of tandem welding process are described and the addition of AFW in between the welding electrodes for stabilization of trailing arc is justified. It is concluded that the further complex studies of effects of AFW on tandem GMAW are needed.
Double-sided arc welding with multiple electrodes of vertical joints of steel tanks
Authors: Filippov O I , Erofeev V A , Poloskov S I , Melnikov A Yu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The increase of the welding productivity is still of immediate interest, which in turn requires the development and implementation of more high-performance welding methods that ensure a consistently high quality of welded joints. One of the ways to further increase the productivity of arc welding processes in the construction of tanks is the industrial use of automatic double-sided arc welding with multiple electrodes in separate weld pools. To establish the relationship between the parameters of the welding mode, energy characteristics, as well as the distance between the torches and their angle of inclination relative to the groove, a physical and mathematical model of the production of the welding joint when four arcs participate in pairs from both sides of the joint has been developed. Thus, computer modeling showed that during weld formation with the movement of the electrode down (vertical down), the possibility of supplying each pair of arcs with pulsed current should be taken into account. During groove filling with the movement of the electrodes up (vertical up), their lateral oscillations and delays at the edges should be carried out according to an aperiodic law in order to minimize the effects of ‘magnetic blow’.
Application of surfacing using consumable electrode with an additional filler wire to ensure the required operational properties of pipeline valves
Authors: Poloskov S S , Buzorina D S , Erofeev V A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A promising way to ensure the required operational properties of pipeline valves with a significant increase in productivity and quality of surfacing during its manufacture is the introduction of anti-corrosion surfacing technologies using a consumable electrode with the supply of an additional filler wire. A solution to the optimization problem of the proposed surfacing technology is complicated by a large number of its parameters, therefor the task was solved in stages. At the first stage, the parameters of the arc interaction between the electrode and filler wire was determined, and at the second – the specific features of the formation of the surfacing bath with such interaction. A virtual study of the process of surfacing with Inconel 625 wires in argon on steel 09G2S was carried out. The influence of the thermal effect of the deposition mode parameters on the main metal is determined. It has been established that, due to the fact that the heat flux in the main metal is created mainly by the droplet stream of the deposited metal from the main arc at high currents, the diameter of the electrode wire guaranteeing its burning should be larger than the filler wire.
Influence of technological parameters on the vanadium valence form in slags
Authors: Klimov A V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The multivalence of vanadium in oxide melts is considered. It is shown that the vanadium oxidation state in the slags is determined by the slag and metal compositions as well as the oxidation potential of the gas phase. Using a polymer model, vanadium valence form fractions were calculated depending on technological parameters. Calculations show that in an air atmosphere, vanadium in the slag should be predominantly in the tetravalent and trivalent state, and in contact with the molten iron, mainly in the trivalent and partly divalent state. Upon contact with pig iron, VO oxide becomes the main form of vanadium in the slag. Slag basicity and temperature have a significant effect on the relationship of vanadium forms. The suggested design-basis using the polymer model can be useful in accomplishment of the thermodynamic calculations for the vanadium equilibrium distribution between metal and slag in the iron and steel production. It allows us to describe the dependence of the vanadium oxidation state on the free oxygen activity in the slag and the gas phase oxidation potential.
Technology for fixing mine workings with friction anchors of the SZA type with a new type of anticorrosive coating
Authors: Volkov P V , Kulsaitov R V , Magitov A M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The issues of ensuring the stability of mine workings in weak rocks due to the use of combined roof support based on anchors with a new type of anti-corrosion coating on the example of mining enterprises of the Russian Federation are considered. As a result of the work, the quality indicators of man-made mine waters of mining enterprises of the Russian Federation were determined, the conditions of the mine atmosphere that contribute to the intensification of metal corrosion were identified, an experiment was conducted in the research laboratory to determine the corrosion resistance of self-fixing anchors, the most suitable anchor coatings for their use in aggressive mine environments were identified, The technology of fixing with anchors with a new type of anti-corrosion coating is proposed. Also shown are the conditions for the use of galvanized, paint and varnish coatings, as well as various protective materials, the scope of their application, the advantages, and disadvantages of these coatings in mine environments are indicated. The prospects for the use of new types of coating are shown and directions for further research in this direction are indicated.
Application of hydrohammers of heavy class in the development of marble deposits in mining operations
Authors: Pytalev I A , Domozhirov D V , Ugolnikov N V , Prochorov A A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
By development marble deposits in mining operations one of the main technological processes, that ensures minimal losses and dilution with maximum output of commercial products is the process of preparing rocks for excavation. Marble extracted for the production of microcalcite is prepared for excavation by drilling and blasting at most mining enterprises. This inevitably leads to overgrinding in the charging chamber zone and, as a result, to a decreasing in quality indicators (yellowness and whiteness), significant losses of minerals (0–20 mm fraction) up to 30% and a low percentage of high-grade crushed stone in the commodity balance. The paper considers a variant of improving the production technology on the example of the Eleninsky marble Deposit (Chelyabinsk region) by using of heavy-class hydrohammers, which allows to increase the efficiency and completeness of the development of balance reserves by reducing by 5–10% overgrinding and increasing output of a commercial product high grades (40–200 mm).
The microstructure and hardness of casting a solid brake disc after late graphitizing modification
Authors: Boldyrev D A , Dema R R , Kalugina O B 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The features of graphite formation in hypoeutectic and hypereutectic gray cast iron are considered. It is shown that this process in hypoeutectic gray cast irons is easier to control than in hypereutectic, because the formation of a predominantly rectilinear uniformly distributed graphite with a smaller size range and the presence of other distributions is achieved by an one-stage operation of ladle graphitization. The structure of graphite in hypereutectic gray cast irons is characterized by a large variety of its shapes, sizes and distributions, and it is also less technologically stable and controllable. Its characteristics can be approximated to the structure of hypoeutectic gray cast iron due to the obligatory second stage of graphitization. The microstructure and hardness of casting a solid brake disc after late graphitizing modification in a mold are investigated. The content of interdendritic distributions of graphite PGr8, PGr9 and short inclusions of graphite PGd45-90 (GOST 3443-87) was minimized due to the operation of the secondary (late) graphitizing modification. And Brinell hardness of the solid brake disc meets production requirements.