bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An economic evaluation of tranexamic acid to prevent postpartum haemorrhage in women with vaginal delivery: the randomised controlled TRAAP trial
Authors: Durand‐Zaleski I , Deneux‐Tharaux C , Seco A , Malki M , Frenkiel J , Sentilhes L ,   for TRAAP study group
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveTo estimate the cost‐effectiveness of tranexamic acid (TXA) use to prevent postpartum haemorrhage.DesignA trial‐based economic evaluation.SettingFifteen French university maternity hospitals.PopulationWomen enrolled in the TRAAP randomised controlled trial comparing TXA versus placebo in women with vaginal delivery. TRAAP failed to show a reduction in postpartum haemorrhage of at least 500 ml in the intervention arm but evidenced significant lower rates of secondary outcomes related to blood loss.Methods & main outcome measuresWe estimated direct medical costs from within‐trial hospital resources collected prospectively from the study report form. All resources were costed at their value to the hospital. We estimated incremental cost per incremental haemorrhage averted.ResultsAmong the 4079 women in the TRAAP trial, data necessary to calculate costs were available for 3836 (94.0%). The average total costs in the TXA and control groups were €2278 ± 388 and €2288 ± 409 per woman, respectively (P = 0.79). In women with postpartum haemorrhage of at least 500 ml (trial primary endpoint), costs were €2359 ± 354 and €2409 ± 525 (P = 0.14); for provider‐assessed clinically significant postpartum haemorrhage and postpartum haemorrhage of at least 1000 ml, costs were respectively €2316 ± 347 versus €2381 ± 521 (P = 0.22) and €2321 ± 318 versus €2411 ± 590 (P = 0.35) in the tranexamic and placebo groups, respectively. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that the use of TXA had a 65–73% probability of saving costs and improving outcome.ConclusionsOur findings support the use of TXA, as both bleeding events and cost may be reduced three out of four times.Tweetable abstractTranexamic acid at vaginal delivery reduces both costs and bleeding events 3 times out of 4.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Novel Loop Drainage Technique Versus Standard Incision and Drainage in the Treatment of Skin Abscesses
Authors: Ladde Jay , Baker Sara , Lilburn Natali , Wan Michelle , Papa Linda 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe objective was to compare the failure rate of incision and drainage (I&D) with LOOP technique versus I&D with standard packing technique in adults and children presenting to the emergency department (ED) with subcutaneous abscess.MethodsThis prospective, randomized controlled trial (NCT03398746) enrolled a convenience sample of patients presenting to two Level 1 trauma centers over 12 months with skin abscesses. Of 256 patients screened, 217 patients were enrolled, 109 randomized to I&D with packing (50%) and 108 (50%) to I&D with LOOP. The primary outcome was treatment failure defined by admission, IV antibiotics, or repeat drainage within 10‐day follow‐up. The secondary outcomes included ease of procedure, ease of care, pain, and satisfaction using a 10‐point numeric rating scale.ResultsThere were no differences in patient characteristics between groups. Follow‐up data were available in 196 (90%). Treatment failure occurred in 20% (range = 12%–28%) of packing patients and 13% (range = 6%–20%) of LOOP patients (p = 0.25). There were no significant differences in failure rates in adults (p = 0.82), but there was a significant difference in children (age ≤ 18 years) at 21% (range = 8%–34%) in the packing group and 0 (0%) in the LOOP group (p = 0.002). Operators reported no significant differences in ease of procedure between techniques (p = 0.221). There was significantly less pain at follow‐up in the LOOP group versus packing (p = 0.004). The wound was much easier to care for over the first 36 hours in the LOOP group (p = 0.002). Patient satisfaction at 10 days postprocedure was significantly higher in the LOOP group (p = 0.005).ConclusionsThe LOOP and packing techniques had similar failure rates for treatment of subcutaneous abscesses in adults, but the LOOP technique had significantly fewer failures in children. Overall, pain and patient satisfaction were significantly better in patients treated using the LOOP technique.
Prevalence and correlates of simultaneous, multiple substance injection (co‐injection) among people who inject drugs in Melbourne, Australia
Authors: Palmer Anna , Higgs Peter , Scott Nick , Agius Paul , Maher Lisa , Dietze Paul 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsTo estimate the prevalence of and risk factors associated with concurrent injection of multiple substances (co‐injection) among a community‐recruited cohort of people who inject drugs.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingMelbourne, Australia.ParticipantsA sample of 720 actively injecting participants from the Melbourne Injecting Drug User Cohort Study (33% female) was extracted.MeasurementsWe constructed two statistical models: a logistic regression model analysing correlates of co‐injection of any substance combination in the past month and a multinomial logistic regression model analysing correlates of three mutually exclusive groups: heroin–diphenhydramine co‐injection only, co‐injection of other substances and no co‐injection. Risk factors examined included drug use characteristics, demographic characteristics, health service use, hepatitis C status, injection risk behaviours and previous experience of non‐fatal overdose.FindingsOne‐third [n = 226, 31%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 28–34%] of participants reported co‐injecting substances within the past month, with equal numbers of participants reporting injecting combinations of heroin–diphenhydramine (n = 121, 54%; 95% CI = 48–60%) and heroin–methamphetamine (n = 121, 54%; 95% CI = 48–60%). In logistic regression analyses, reporting co‐injection of any substance combination was associated with male sex [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.18–2.74, P = 0.006] and injecting daily or more frequently (aOR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.31–3.18, P = 0.002). In multinomial logistic regression analyses, participants reporting heroin–diphenhydramine co‐injection only were significantly more likely to report groin injecting [adjusted relative risk ratio (aRRR) = 6.16, 95% CI = 2.80–13.56, P < 0.001] and overdose (requiring an ambulance) in the past 12 months (aRRR = 2.81, 95% CI = 1.17–6.72, P = 0.021) compared with participants reporting no co‐injection or co‐injection of other substances.ConclusionsA substantial proportion of people who inject drugs report co‐injection of multiple substances, which is associated with a range of socio‐demographic, drug use and health service use risk factors.
Predictors of transitions across stages of alcohol use and disorders in an adult population with heterogeneous ethnic restrictions regarding drinking
Authors: Cole Faith , Benjet Corina , Ghimire Dirgha J. , Axinn William G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsTo disaggregate associations with alcohol use disorder relative to those with early alcohol use stages in an adult population. We estimated prevalence rates and socio‐demographic correlates for the opportunity to drink and transitions into life‐time alcohol use, regular use and alcohol use disorder.DesignA retrospective, cross‐sectional population survey within a family panel study.SettingChitwan in Nepal, an ethnically diverse setting with heterogeneous ethnic restrictions regarding alcohol.ParticipantsA total of 10 714 individuals aged 15–59 years (response rate = 93%).MeasurementsThe Nepal‐specific Composite International Diagnostic Interview assessed life‐time alcohol use opportunity, any use, regular use, disorder and socio‐demographic characteristics.FindingsSeventy per cent [95% confidence interval (CI) = 69.08–70.82%] of the population had the opportunity to drink, 38.06% (95% CI = 37.14–38.99%) had life‐time alcohol use, 32.37% (95% CI = 31.48–33.27%) had regular alcohol use and 6.04% (95% CI = 5.60–6.50%) developed an alcohol use disorder. Compared with high‐caste Hindus, all other ethnicities had greater odds of early stage transitions [odds ratios (OR) ranged from 1.31, 95% CI = 1.16–1.47 to 1.98, 95% CI = 1.81–2.18)], but not of development of disorder. Male sex was associated with greater odds of all transitions, from opportunity (OR = 5.71, 95% CI = 5.41–6.03) to development of disorder (OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.35–2.81). The youngest cohort had higher odds of all transitions, from opportunity (OR = 4.86, 95% CI = 4.47–5.29) to development of disorder (OR = 9.34, 95% CI = 6.88–12.70). Higher education was associated with lower odds of all transitions except opportunity [from use (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.71–0.83) to the development of disorder (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.59–0.89)].ConclusionsThe prevalence of life‐time alcohol use among adults in Nepal appears to be low, but the overall prevalence of disorder is similar to other countries. Socio‐demographic correlates of early alcohol use transitions differ from those associated with later transitions; while sex and age cohort were associated with all transitions, ethnicity was associated with early transitions (opportunity, life‐time use, regular use), but not later transitions (use and regular use to disorder).
Comprehensive analysis of lncRNA and mRNA expression changes in Tibetan chicken lung tissue between three developmental stages
Authors: Tang Ruixiang , Wang Jiao , Zhou Min , Lan Yue , Jiang Lan , Price Megan , Yue Bisong , Li Diyan , Fan Zhenxin 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe Tibetan chicken is a native Chinese breed that lives at high elevations and has adapted to the extreme environmental conditions of the Tibetan Plateau. However, its hypoxic adaptation at the gene expression level is unclear. Here, we sequenced nine lung transcriptomes of the Tibetan chicken at three developmental stages (5 and 42 weeks and 4.5 years). A total of 1.02 billion clean reads were obtained. We identified 16 012 mRNAs and 6898 lncRNAs. The expression of mRNA showed that nine samples were significantly divided into three clusters, with higher correlation and closer relationship between the 5 and 42 week groups. We identified 399 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the 5 and 42 week groups, 3532 DEGs between the 5 week and 4.5 year groups, and 3909 DEGs between the 42 week and 4.5 year groups. The up‐regulated DEGs in the 5 week group, compared with 42 week and 4.5 year groups, were enriched in GO terms associated with growth and development, whereas the up‐regulated DEGs in the 4.5 year group were mainly enriched in many metabolic‐related categories. Moreover, the enrichment results with up‐regulated DEGs in the 5 and/or 42 week groups, compared with the 4.5 year group, were associated with hypoxic adaptation, such as oxygen transport, oxygen binding and oxygen carrier activity, and calcium signaling pathway. In addition, we identified 978 high‐correlation lncRNA and protein‐coding gene pairs, and 524 significant neighboring protein‐coding genes were also DEGs. Our results provide new insights into gene expression of lung tissue in Tibetan chickens during the aging process.
Few figs for frugivores: Riparian fig trees in Zimbabwe may not be a dry season keystone resource
Authors: Compton Stephen G. , Greeff Jaco M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMost plants flower and fruit at times of year when probabilities of pollination and seedling establishment are high. Fig trees (Ficus spp.) are often considered as keystone resources for vertebrate frugivores, in part because of year‐round fig production. This unusual fruiting phenology results in the maintenance of fig wasp populations, but in seasonal environments this means fruiting occurs during periods when the chances of seedling establishment are low. Under these circumstances, selection is expected to favour any individuals that reduce or eliminate fruiting at these times. Here, we describe a large‐scale survey of the extent of dry season fruiting by three riparian Ficus species in Gonarezhou National Park, Zimbabwe. Few trees of two monoecious species, F. sycomorus and F. abutilifolia, had figs, and most crops of F. sycomorus were far smaller than the trees were capable of producing. Large stands of the dioecious F. capreifolia were present, but fig densities were low and no mature female (seed containing) figs were recorded. Even though fig trees may have been the only species bearing fruit, the consequences of the low investment in reproduction by the three Ficus species were clear—there were too few figs for a landscape‐scale keystone role.
Infertility duration and pre‐operative sperm progressive motility are significant factors of spontaneous pregnancy after varicocele repair
Authors: Ren Wenbiao , Qu Jiandong , Xue Bichen , Hu Jiao , Zu Xiongbing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractProblemVaricocele may lead to testicular dysfunction and male infertility. Varicocelectomy can improve both semen quality and post‐operative spontaneous pregnancy. However, different patients benefit distinctly from the surgery. Therefore, the study aims at examining the possible factors of spontaneous pregnancy after laparoscopic varicocelectomy in infertile men.Method of studyClinical data of 196 infertile men who underwent laparoscopic varicocelectomy at our institute were collected from December 2013 to February 2019. Follow‐up data were available for 148 patients. All the patients were treated with laparoscopic varicocelectomy performed by experienced urological doctors. Possible pre‐operative factors of spontaneous pregnancy after laparoscopic varicocelectomy were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsAfter a mean follow‐up of 29.1 ± 12.6 months (range 12‐74 months), 74 (50%) of couples achieved spontaneous pregnancy. Univariate analysis revealed that short infertility duration, secondary infertility, and high sperm progressive motility were significant predictors of spontaneous pregnancy after laparoscopic varicocelectomy. Multivariate analysis revealed that short infertility duration (≤2 years) and high sperm progressive motility (>30%) were independent predictors.ConclusionBoth infertility duration and pre‐operative sperm progressive motility could serve as independent factors of spontaneous pregnancy after laparoscopic varicocelectomy.
Metabolomic signature of the seminal plasma in men with severe oligoasthenospermia
Authors: Boguenet Magalie , Bocca Cinzia , Bouet Pierre‐Emmanuel , Serri Orianne , Chupin Stéphanie , Tessier Lydie , Blanchet Odile , El Hachem Hady , Chao de la Barca Juan Manuel , Reynier Pascal , May‐Panloup Pascale 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundMale factor is incriminated in approximately 50% of cases of infertility. The metabolomic approach has recently been used in the assessment of sperm quality and male fertility.Materials and methodsWe analyzed the metabolomic signatures of the seminal plasma in 20 men with severe oligoasthenospermia (prewash total motile sperm count < 5.106) (SOA) and compared it to 20 men with normal semen parameters, with a standardized approach of targeted and quantitative metabolomics using high‐performance liquid chromatography, coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, and the Biocrates Absolute IDQ p180 kit.ResultsAmong the 188 metabolites analyzed, 110 were accurately measured in the seminal plasma. A robust model discriminating the two populations (Q2(cum) = 55.2%) was obtained by OPLS‐DA (orthogonal partial least‐squares discriminant analysis), based on the drop in concentrations of 37 metabolites with a VIP (variable important for projection) greater than 1. Overall, in men with SOA, there was a significant decrease in: 17 phosphatidylcholines and four sphingomyelins; acylcarnitines, with free L‐carnitine being the most discriminating metabolite; polyunsaturated fatty acids; six amino acids (glutamate, aspartate, methionine, tryptophan, proline, and alanine); and four biogenic amines (spermine, spermidine, serotonin, and alpha‐aminoadipate).DiscussionOur signature includes several metabolic changes with different impacts on the sperm quality: a change in phospholipid composition and the saturation of their fatty acids that is potentially linked to the deterioration of sperm membranes; a carnitine deficiency that can negatively impact the energy production via fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation; and a decreased level of amino acids and biogenic amines that can lead to dysregulated metabolic and signaling pathways.ConclusionWe provide a global overview of the metabolic defects contributing to the structural and functional alteration of spermatozoa in severe oligoasthenospermia. These findings offer new insights into the pathophysiology of male factor infertility that could help to develop future specific treatments.
Real‐world long‐term effectiveness of ustekinumab in Crohn's disease: results from the ENEIDA registry
Authors: Iborra Marisa , Beltrán Belén , Fernández‐Clotet Agnes , Iglesias‐Flores Eva , Navarro Pablo , Rivero Montserrat , Gutiérrez Ana , Sierra‐Ausin Mónica , Mesonero Francisco , Ferreiro‐Iglesias Rocío , Hinojosa Joaquín , Calvet Xavier , Sicilia Beatriz , González‐Muñoza Carlos , Antolín Beatriz , González‐Vivo María , Carbajo Ana Y. , García‐López Santiago , Martín‐Cardona Albert , Surís Gerard , Martin‐Arranz María Dolores , de Francisco Ruth , Cañete Fiorella , Domènech Eugeni , Nos Pilar ,   GETECCU group (Grupo Español de trabajo de Enfermedades de Crohn y Colitis Ulcerosa)
Published: August 2020

SummaryBackgroundData on the long‐term administration of ustekinumab in recommended doses are limited.AimTo assess the real‐world, long‐term effectiveness of ustekinumab in refractory Crohn's disease (CD).MethodsMulti‐centre study of CD patients starting ustekinumab at the recommended dose, followed for 1 year. Values for the Harvey‐Bradshaw Index (HBI), endoscopic activity, C‐reactive protein (CRP), and faecal calprotectin (FC) were recorded at baseline and at weeks 26 and 52. Demographic and clinical data, previous treatments, adverse events (AEs) and hospitalisations were documented. Potential predictors of remission were examined.ResultsA total of 407 patients were analysed. The initial maintenance dose of 90 mg SC was administered every 12, 8 and 4 weeks in 56 (14%), 347 (85%) and 4 (1%) patients, respectively. After 52 weeks, treatment was discontinued in 112 patients (27.5%). At baseline, 295 (72%) had an HBI >4 points. Of these, 169 (57%) and 190 (64%) achieved clinical remission at weeks 26 and 52, respectively. FC levels returned to normal in 44% and 54% of patients at weeks 26 and 52, and CRP returned to normal in 36% and 37% of patients at weeks 26 and 52, respectively. AEs were recorded in 60 patients. The use of fewer previous anti‐TNFα agents and ileal localisation were associated with clinical remission, and endoscopic severity was associated with poor response. No factors correlated with endoscopic remission.ConclusionAfter 52 weeks, ustekinumab demonstrated effectiveness in inducing clinical and endoscopic remission in patients with refractory CD.
Randomised clinical study: oral aspirin 325 mg daily vs placebo alters gut microbial composition and bacterial taxa associated with colorectal cancer risk
Authors: Prizment Anna E. , Staley Christopher , Onyeaghala Guillaume C. , Vivek Sithara , Thyagarajan Bharat , Straka Robert J. , Demmer Ryan T. , Knights Dan , Meyer Katie A. , Shaukat Aasma , Sadowsky Michael J. , Church Timothy R. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryBackgroundAspirin is associated with decreased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), potentially by modulating the gut microbiome.AimsTo evaluate the effect of aspirin on the gut microbiome in a double‐blinded, randomised placebo‐controlled pilot trial.MethodsHealthy volunteers aged 50‐75 received a standard dose of aspirin (325 mg, N = 30) or placebo (N = 20) once daily for 6 weeks and provided stool samples every 3 weeks for 12 weeks. Serial measurements of gut microbial community composition and bacterial abundance were derived from 16S rRNA sequences. Linear discriminant analysis of effect size (LEfSe) was tested for between‐arm differences in bacterial abundance. Mixed‐effect regression with binomial distribution estimated the effect of aspirin use on changes in the relative abundance of individual bacterial taxa via an interaction term (treatment × time).ResultsOver the study period, there were differences in microbial composition in the aspirin vs placebo arm. After treatment, four taxa were differentially abundant across arms: Prevotella, Veillonella, Clostridium XlVa and Clostridium XVIII clusters. Of pre‐specified bacteria associated with CRC (n = 8) or aspirin intake (n = 4) in published studies, interactions were significant for four taxa, suggesting relative increases in Akkermansia, Prevotella and Ruminococcaceae and relative decreases in Parabacteroides, Bacteroides and Dorea in the aspirin vs placebo arm.ConclusionCompared to placebo, aspirin intake influenced several microbial taxa (Ruminococcaceae, Clostridium XlVa, Parabacteroides and Dorea) in a direction consistent with a priori hypothesis based on their association with CRC. This suggests that aspirin may influence CRC development through an effect on the gut microbiome. The findings need replication in a larger trial.
Event(ful) spaces of organised legal encounter: Reflections from a client consultation competition on domestic violence law in Cambodia
Authors: Brickell Katherine 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOver the past five years, geographers’ engagement in legal observation and/or intervention has begun to gain momentum, with a particular emphasis on the courtroom. Courtrooms are positioned as epicentres of law(yering) in‐action, yet their pre‐eminence should not deflect from efforts to build a more inclusionary geography of law attendant to other, less high‐profile and official, spaces of law. In this paper, I elaborate on this argument by interrogating a client consultation competition (CCC) that I co‐organised on domestic violence law with staff and students from a higher education institution in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. The paper hones in specifically on the political interface that the CCC event fashioned between myself, the student competitors, and the state. Drawing on participant observation and audio‐recordings of the event, in addition to post‐competition focus groups I held with students, the paper demonstrates the value of cross‐pollinating social geographic work on events and encounter with legal‐oriented scholarship in the discipline on spaces and actors of law. Chased within the political, their fusing together permits researchers to widen their horizons beyond the court event and to think creatively about other legal infrastructures in which law and legal practice comes to be known and operationalised. The paper therefore asks that geographers committed to fostering justice not only step inside the courtroom, but also venture into spaces where its future prospects are born.