bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant responses to butterfly oviposition partly explain preference–performance relationships on different brassicaceous species
Authors: Griese Eddie , Pineda Ana , Pashalidou Foteini G. , Iradi Eleonora Pizarro , Hilker Monika , Dicke Marcel , Fatouros Nina E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe preference–performance hypothesis (PPH) states that herbivorous female insects prefer to oviposit on those host plants that are best for their offspring. Yet, past attempts to show the adaptiveness of host selection decisions by herbivores often failed. Here, we tested the PPH by including often neglected oviposition-induced plant responses, and how they may affect both egg survival and larval weight. We used seven Brassicaceae species of which most are common hosts of two cabbage white butterfly species, the solitaryPieris rapaeand gregariousP. brassicae. Brassicaceous species can respond toPieriseggs with leaf necrosis, which can lower egg survival. Moreover, plant-mediated responses to eggs can affect larval performance. We show a positive correlation betweenP. brassicaepreference and performance only when including the egg phase: 7-day-old caterpillars gained higher weight on those plant species which had received most eggs. Pieriseggs frequently induced necrosis in the tested plant species. Survival of clusteredP. brassicaeeggs was unaffected by the necrosis in most tested species and no relationship betweenP. brassicaeegg survival and oviposition preference was found.Pieris rapaepreferred to oviposit on plant species most frequently expressing necrosis although egg survival was lower on those plants. In contrast to the lower egg survival on plants expressing necrosis, larval biomass on these plants was higher than on plants without a necrosis. We conclude that egg survival is not a crucial factor for oviposition choices but rather egg-mediated responses affecting larval performance explained the preference–performance relationship of the two butterfly species.
A spatial oligopolistic electricity model under uncertain demands
Authors: Chen Qiqiong , Zhu Yuanguo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper mainly investigates a single-period spatial oligopolistic model of electricity generators under uncertain demands. We maximize the $$\beta $$β-optimistic value of each generator’s uncertain profit function in this game. Emphasis is first put on computing the $$\beta $$β-optimistic value of the uncertain profit function through the inverse uncertainty distribution of the uncertain variable in the inverse demand function. We later focus on transforming the single-period spatial oligopolistic game, which is a generalized Nash equilibrium (short for GNE ) problem, into a variational inequality problem. Then the model is applied to simulate the transmission price of the electricity system of America, which reveals that our model is effective.
Interbody Fusions in the Lumbar Spine: A Review
Authors: Verma Ravi , Virk Sohrab , Qureshi Sheeraz 
Published: January 2020

Background Lumbar interbody fusion is among the most common types of spinal surgery performed. Over time, the term has evolved to encompass a number of different approaches to the intervertebral space, as well as differing implant materials. Questions remain over which approaches and materials are best for achieving fusion and restoring disc height. Questions/Purposes We reviewed the literature on the advantages and disadvantages of various methods and devices used to achieve and augment fusion between the disc spaces in the lumbar spine. Methods Using search terms specific to lumbar interbody fusion, we searched PubMed and Google Scholar and identified 4993 articles. We excluded those that did not report clinical outcomes, involved cervical interbody devices, were animal studies, or were not in English. After exclusions, 68 articles were included for review. Results Posterior approaches have advantages, such as providing 360° support through a single incision, but can result in retraction injury and do not always restore lordosis or correct deformity. Anterior approaches allow for the largest implants and good correction of deformities but can result in vascular, urinary, psoas muscle, or lumbar plexus injury and may require a second posterior procedure to supplement fixation. Titanium cages produce improved osteointegration and fusion rates but also increase subsidence caused by the stiffness of titanium relative to bone. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has an elasticity closer to that of bone and shows less subsidence than titanium cages, but as an inert compound PEEK results in lower fusion rates and greater osteolysis. Combination PEEK–titanium coating has not yet achieved better results. Expandable cages were developed to increase disc height and restore lumbar lordosis, but the data on their effectiveness have been inconclusive. Three-dimensionally (3D)-printed cages have shown promise in biomechanical and animal studies at increasing fusion rates and reducing subsidence, but additive manufacturing options are still in their infancy and require more investigation. Conclusions All of the approaches to spinal fusion have plusses and minuses that must be considered when determining which to use, and newer-technology implants, such as PEEK with titanium coating, expandable, and 3D-printed cages, have tried to improve upon the limitations of existing grafts but require further study.
„Es war klar, der Feind sitzt da draußen.“
Authors: Streck Rebekka 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Entwicklungsgeschichte Sozialer Arbeit ist geprägt durch politische Kämpfe ihrer Adressat_innen. Am Beispiel der Drogenhilfe wird gezeigt, wie Drogenkonsument_innen Standards akzeptierender Drogenarbeit erkämpften, die wir heute für selbstverständlich halten. Ein Potenzial politischer Bildung kann in der gemeinsamen Rekonstruktion solcher Episoden des politischen Engagements liegen. So dass sowohl Sozialarbeiter_innen als auch Nutzer_innen sich der Veränderbarkeit heutiger Bedingungen Sozialer Arbeit bewusst werden.
Lernunterstützung mit digitalen Medien in der Grundschule
Authors: Böhme Richard , Munser-Kiefer Meike , Prestridge Sarah 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungDigitale Medien haben großes Potenzial für die Lernunterstützung, das bislang nicht ausgeschöpft wird. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Einblick zum Forschungsstand: Ausgehend vom Substitution Augmentation Modification Redefinition-Modell werden Funktionen und Gestaltungsmerkmale wie Bild-Text-Kombinationen, Hypermedia und Gamification hinsichtlich der möglichen Wirkung auf die kognitiven Verarbeitungsprozesse beschrieben und empirische Befunde dazu berichtet. Hierzu werden nach der Kognitiven Theorie des multimedialen Lernens (1) inhaltsbedingte, (2) sachfremde und (3) lernrelevante kognitive Prozesse unterschieden. Es zeigt sich mit Blick auf die Lernvoraussetzungen, den Lerninhalt und das Lernziel ein komplexes Bedingungsgefüge, das bei der Nutzung, Entwicklungen und Erforschung lernförderlicher digitaler Medien berücksichtigt werden sollte.
Pictorial Representation of Threat Perception and Its Association With Emergency Preparedness
Authors: Bodas Moran 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:Emergency preparedness is a key factor in public resilience when facing adversities. It is widely agreed that populations who are better prepared for crises and emergencies cope better and sustain fewer damages. Yet, promoting readiness continues to be challenging. In an effort to assess Israeli threat perception of emergencies, a novel visual tool measuring personally salient appraisals and attitudes (the Pictorial Representation of Illness and Self-Measure [PRISM]) was used.Methods:A cross-sectional study of 502 participants representing the adult Jewish population was carried out. An online version of the PRISM tool was used together with a set of validated questionnaires to assess household preparedness.Results:The results suggest that preparedness for emergencies (war or earthquake) is associated with the way subjects appraise preparedness in their lives, but is not associated to the appraisal of threat objects themselves. In other words, the results suggest that preparedness has little to do with threat perception.Conclusions:This study highlights the disparity between classic risk reduction strategies, which argue that awareness is key in promoting public preparedness, and the reality.
ON THE EXISTENCE OF ADMISSIBLE SUPERSINGULAR REPRESENTATIONS OF -ADIC REDUCTIVE GROUPS
Authors: HERZIG FLORIAN , KOZIOŁ KAROL , VIGNÉRAS MARIE-FRANCE 
Published: January 2020

Suppose that$\mathbf{G}$is a connected reductive group over a finite extension$F/\mathbb{Q}_{p}$and that$C$is a field of characteristic $p$. We prove that the group$\mathbf{G}(F)$admits an irreducible admissible supercuspidal, or equivalently supersingular, representation over $C$.
Implementation of the Targeted Assessment for Prevention Strategy in a healthcare system to reduce Clostridioides difficile infection rates
Authors: White Katelyn A. , Soe Minn M. , Osborn Amy , Walling Christie , Fike Lucy V. , Gould Carolyn V. , Kuhar David T. , Edwards Jonathan R. , Cochran Ronda L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground:Prevention of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a national priority and may be facilitated by deployment of the Targeted Assessment for Prevention (TAP) Strategy, a quality improvement framework providing a focused approach to infection prevention. This article describes the process and outcomes of TAP Strategy implementation for CDI prevention in a healthcare system.Methods:Hospital A was identified based on CDI surveillance data indicating an excess burden of infections above the national goal; hospitals B and C participated as part of systemwide deployment. TAP facility assessments were administered to staff to identify infection control gaps and inform CDI prevention interventions. Retrospective analysis was performed using negative-binomial, interrupted time series (ITS) regression to assess overall effect of targeted CDI prevention efforts. Analysis included hospital-onset, laboratory-identified C. difficile event data for 18 months before and after implementation of the TAP facility assessments.Results:The systemwide monthly CDI rate significantly decreased at the intervention (β2, −44%; P = .017), and the postintervention CDI rate trend showed a sustained decrease (β1 + β3; −12% per month; P = .008). At an individual hospital level, the CDI rate trend significantly decreased in the postintervention period at hospital A only (β1 + β3, −26% per month; P = .003).Conclusions:This project demonstrates TAP Strategy implementation in a healthcare system, yielding significant decrease in the laboratory-identified C. difficile rate trend in the postintervention period at the system level and in hospital A. This project highlights the potential benefit of directing prevention efforts to facilities with the highest burden of excess infections to more efficiently reduce CDI rates.
Gastrointestinal helminth parasites of the common wallaroo or euro, Osphranter robustus (Gould) (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) from Australia
Authors: Beveridge I. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The gastrointestinal helminth parasites of 170 common wallaroos or euros, Osphranter robustus (Gould), collected from all mainland states in which the species occurs as well as the Northern Territory, are presented, including previously published data. A total of 65 species of helminths were encountered, including four species of anoplocephalid cestodes found in the bile ducts and small intestine, and 61 species of strongylid nematodes, all but two of which occurring in the stomach, and with the remainder occurring in the terminal ileum, caecum and colon. Among the mainland subspecies of O. robustus, 52 species of helminths were encountered in O. r. robustus, compared with 30 species in O. r. woodwardi and 35 species in O. r. erubescens. Of the parasite species encountered, only 17 were specific to O. robustus, the remaining being shared with sympatric host species. Host-specific species or species occurring in O. robustus at a high prevalence can be classified as follows: widely distributed; restricted to northern Australia; restricted to the northern wallaroo, O. r. woodwardi; found only in the euro, O. r. erubescens; found essentially along the eastern coast of Australia, primarily in O. r. robustus; and species with highly limited regional distributions. The data currently available suggest that the acquisition of a significant number of parasites is due to co-grazing with other macropodids, while subspeciation in wallaroos as well as climatic variables may have influenced the diversification of the parasite fauna.
Illegal Markets and the Formation of a Central Asian Borderland: The Turkestan–Xinjiang opium trade (1881–1917)
Authors: PIANCIOLA NICCOLÒ 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article utilizes material from archives in Kazakhstan, Russia, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan as well as published Chinese sources to explore the opium trade between Tsarist Turkestan and Xinjiang from the early 1880s to 1917. It focuses on two different levels: the borderlands economy and society, and state policies towards illegal (or ‘grey’) markets. The main groups active in the trade were Hui/Dungan and Taranchi migrants from China, who had fled Qing territory after the repression of the great anti-Qing Muslim revolts during the 1860s and 1870s. After settling in Tsarist territory, they grew poppies and exported opium back across the border to China. This article shows how the borderland economy was influenced by the late-Qing anti-opium campaign, and especially by the First World War. During the war, the Tsarist government tried to create a state opium monopoly over the borderland economy, but this attempt was botched first by the great Central Asian revolt of 1916, and later by the 1917 revolution. Departing from the prevailing historiography on borderlands, this article shows how the international border, far from being an obstacle to the trade, was instead the main factor that made borderland opium production and trade possible. It also shows how the borderland population made a strategic use of the border-as-institution, and how local imperial administrators—in different periods and for different reasons—adapted to, fostered, or repressed this most profitable borderland economic activity.
Relationship between early phonological processing and later phonological awareness: Evidence from nonword repetition
Authors: Erskine Michelle E. , Munson Benjamin , Edwards Jan R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study investigated whether individual differences in receptive vocabulary, speech perception and production, and nonword repetition at age 2 years, 4 months to 3 years, 4 months predicted phonological awareness 2 years later. One hundred twenty-one children were tested twice. During the first testing period (Time 1), children’s receptive vocabulary, speech perception and production, and nonword repetition were measured. Nonword repetition accuracy in the present study was distinct from other widely used measures of nonword repetition in that it focused on narrow transcription of diphone sequences in each nonword that differed systematically in phonotactic probability. At the second testing period (Time 2), children’s phonological awareness was measured. The best predictors of phonological awareness were a measure of speech production and a measure of phonological processing derived from performance on the nonword repetition task. The results of this study suggest that nonword repetition accuracy provides an implicit measure of phonological skills that are indicative of later phonological awareness at an age when children are too young to perform explicit phonological awareness tasks reliably.
Transcriptome profile and association study revealedSTAT3gene as a potential quality marker of bovine gametes
Authors: Ghanem Nasser , Salilew-Wondim Dessie , Hoelker Michael , Schellander Karl , Tesfaye Dawit 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThe present study was aimed to investigate differences in molecular signatures in oocytes derived from Holstein-Friesian heifers with different genetic merit for fertility, euthanized during day 0 or day 12 of the estrous cycle. Moreover, association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) ofODC1andSTAT3genes and bull fertility traits was investigated. The gene expression patterns were analyzed using cDNA array and validated with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The result revealed that several genes have shown not only to be regulated by fertility merit but also by the day of oocyte recovery during the estrous cycle. TheSTAT3gene was found to be upregulated in oocytes recovered from animals with high fertility merit at both day 0 and day 12. Some other genes likePTTG1,ODC1andTUBA1Cwere downregulated at day 0 and upregulated at day 12 in high, compared with low, fertility merit recovered oocytes. In contrast, the transcript abundance of TPM3 was upregulated at day 0 and downregulated at day 12 in high, compared with low, fertility merit recovered oocytes. In addition, ODC1 and STAT3 were found to be associated (P< 0.05) with sperm quality traits as well as flow cytometry parameters. Therefore, the expression of several candidate genes includingODC1andSTAT3was related to the genetic merit of the cow. In addition polymorphisms in these two genes were found to be associated with bull semen quality.
Prehospital External Aortic Compression for Temporizing Exsanguinating Sub-Diaphragmatic Hemorrhage – A Promising Technique, but with Challenges: Four Illustrative Cases, Including Two Survivors
Authors: Paix Bruce Richard , Tingey David John , Copley Grant , Casson Matthew , Shoolbread Damien , Davuluru Hari , Doube James , Emmerton Wade , Kennedy Ryan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractExternal aortic compression (EAC) has long been used to control exsanguinating post-partum hemorrhage, but it has only recently been described in the prehospital trauma setting. This paper reports four cases where manual EAC was used during transport to manage life-threatening bleeding, twice from stab wounds, once from ruptured ectopic pregnancy, and once from severe lower-limb trauma. It showed that EAC has life-saving potential in the prehospital setting, but that safety and efficacy during transport requires the use of a hands-free compression device, such as an aortic tourniquet.
Real-Time Impact Analysis and Response using a New Disaster Metrics: 2018 Sulawesi (Indonesia) Earthquake and Tsunami
Authors: Yew YingYing , Arcos González Pedro , Castro Delgado Rafael 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroduction:The Richter Scale measures the magnitude of the seismic activity for an earthquake; however, it does not quantify the humanitarian need at the point of impact. This poses a challenge for humanitarian stakeholders in decision and policy making, especially in risk reduction, response, recovery, and reconstruction. The new disaster metrics tool titled “The YEW Disaster Severity Index” (DSI) was developed and presented at the 2017 World Congress of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, May 2017, Toronto, Canada. It uses a median score of three for vulnerability and exposure indicators, a median score percentage of 100%, and medium YEW DSI scoring of four to five as baseline, indicating the ability to cope within local capacity. Therefore, scoring more than baseline coping capacity indicates that external assistance is needed. This special real-time report was presented at the 2nd National Pre-Hospital Care Conference and Championship, October 2018, Malaysia.Report:The aim of this analysis is to present the real-time humanitarian impact and response to the 2018 earthquake and tsunami at Donggala and Palu, Sulawesi in Indonesia using the new disaster metrics YEW DSI. Based on the earthquake (measuring 7.7 on the Richter Scale) and tsunami at Donggala, the humanitarian impact calculated on September 29, 2018 scored 7.4 High in the YEW DSI with 11 of the total 17 indicators scoring more than the baseline coping capacity. The same YEW DSI score of 7.4 was scored on the earthquake and tsunami at Palu, with 13 of the total 17 indicators scoring more than baseline ability to cope within local capacity. Impact analysis reports were sent to relevant authorities on September 30, 2018.Discussion & Conclusion:A State of Emergency was declared for a national response, which indicated an inability to cope within the local capacity, shown by the YEW DSI. The strong correlation between the earthquake magnitude, intensities, and the humanitarian impact at Donggala and Palu reported could be added into the science of knowledge in prehospital care and disaster medicine research and practice. As a conclusion, the real-time disaster response was found to be almost an exact fit with the YEW DSI indicators, demonstrating the inability to cope within the local capacity.
Predictors of treatment outcomes and adherence in internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for social anxiety in China
Authors: Chen Huijing , Rodriguez Marcus A. , Qian Mingyi , Kishimoto Tomoko , Lin Muyu , Berger Thomas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground:Although internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy (ICBT) is an effective treatment for social anxiety disorder (SAD), a substantial proportion of patients do not achieve clinically significant improvement. More research is needed to identify which factors predict treatment adherence and outcomes.Aims:The aims of this study were to (1) identify demographic and clinical factors associated with treatment adherence and outcomes in ICBT for social anxiety in China, and (2) explore whether low-intensity therapist support results in improved treatment adherence or outcomes.Method:Participants were assigned to either therapist-guided (N= 183) or self-guided ICBT (N= 72). Level of social anxiety was measured at both pre- and post-treatment. Treatment adherence and outcomes were analysed using a two-step linear and logistic regression approach. Clinical and demographic characteristics were examined.Results:No significant group differences were found for treatment adherence or outcomes between the therapist-guided and self-guided conditions. Participants diagnosed with SAD were significantly less likely to drop out (OR 0.531,p= .03) compared with subclinical participants with social anxiety symptoms. Older participants (B= 0.17, SE = 0.04,p= .008) and participants with a diagnosis of SAD (B= 0.16, SE = 0.44,p= .01) tended to complete more modules. Participants who completed more modules (B= 0.24, SE = 0.03,p= .01) and participants who identified as female (B= –0.20, SE = 0.18,p= .04) reported greater reductions in SAD symptoms.Conclusions:Understanding of factors related to adherence and outcome is necessary to prevent drop-out and optimize outcome.
UNBOUNDED DERIVATIONS IN ALGEBRAS ASSOCIATED WITH MONOTHETIC GROUPS
Authors: KLIMEK SLAWOMIR , McBRIDE MATT 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGiven an infinite, compact, monothetic group $G$ we study decompositions and structure of unbounded derivations in a crossed product $\text{C}^{\ast }$-algebra $C(G)\rtimes \mathbb{Z}$ obtained from a translation on $G$ by a generator of a dense cyclic subgroup. We also study derivations in a Toeplitz extension of the crossed product and the question whether unbounded derivations can be lifted from one algebra to the other.