bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-temperature rate constants and radiative transfer for rotational de-excitation of C5S by collision with He
Authors: Khadri F , Chefai A , Hammami K 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
The C5S molecule is the largest member of the series of sulphur-containing carbon chains CnS observed in space. Given the lack of data concerning this molecule, we computed rate coefficients of C5S(1Σ+) induced by collision with He. These rates are obtained for thermal temperature below 100 K by mean of a new two-dimensional potential energy surface (PES) calculated with the explicit correlated coupled cluster with single, double, and pertubative triple excitation (ccsd(t)-f12) ab initio approach and the aug-cc-pVTZ basis sets. The C5S–He PES presents three minimums of −59.726, −55.355, and −36.506 cm−1 below its dissociation limit. Using this PES, the integral cross-sections are performed in the close-coupling (CC) and coupled-state (CS) quantum time independent formalisms for $E_\mathrm{ c}\le 500 \, \mathrm{ cm}^{-1}$ and J ≤ 13 (for CC) and J ≤ 50 (for CS). By averaging these cross-sections we obtained the downward rate coefficients. The new collisional data are used to simulate the excitation of C5S in the circumstellar gas. We obtain the excitation and brightness temperatures of the four lines observed towards the IRC+10216 which confirms the necessity of using radiative transfer calculations to accurately determine C5S abundance since the local thermodynamic equilibrium conditions are not fulfilled. The new collisional data should help to estimate the abundance of C5S in several interstellar regions.
Systematic parameter space study for the UHECR origin from GRBs in models with multiple internal shocks
Authors: Heinze J , Biehl D , Fedynitch A , Boncioli D , Rudolph A , Winter W 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We scrutinize the paradigm that conventional long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the dominant source of the ultrahigh energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) within the internal shock scenario by describing UHECR spectrum and composition and by studying the predicted (source and cosmogenic) neutrino fluxes. Since it has been demonstrated that the stacking searches for astrophysical GRB neutrinos strongly constrain the parameter space in single-zone models, we focus on the dynamics of multiple collisions for which different messengers are expected to come from different regions of the same object. We propose a model that can describe both stochastic and deterministic engines, which we study in a systematic way. We find that GRBs can indeed describe the UHECRs for a wide range of different model assumptions with comparable quality albeit with the previously known problematic energy requirements; the heavy mass fraction at injection is found to be larger than 70 per cent ($95 {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ CL). We demonstrate that the post-dicted (from UHECR data) neutrino fluxes from sources and UHECR propagation are indeed below the current sensitivities but will be reached by the next generation of experiments. We finally critically review the required source energetics with the specific examples found in this study.
On the origin of the eccentricity dichotomy displayed by compact super-Earths: dynamical heating by cold giants
Authors: Poon Sanson T S , Nelson Richard P 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Approximately half of the planets discovered by NASA’s Kepler mission are in systems where just a single planet transits its host star, and the remaining planets are observed to be in multiplanet systems. Recent analyses have reported a dichotomy in the eccentricity distribution displayed by systems where a single planet transits compared with that displayed by the multiplanet systems. Using N-body simulations, we examine the hypothesis that this dichotomy has arisen because inner systems of super-Earths are frequently accompanied by outer systems of giant planets that can become dynamically unstable and perturb the inner systems. Our initial conditions are constructed using a subset of the known Kepler five-planet systems as templates for the inner systems, and systems of outer giant planets with masses between those of Neptune and Saturn that are centred on orbital radii 2 ≤ ap ≤ 10 au. The parameters of the outer systems are chosen so that they are always below an assumed radial velocity detection threshold of 3 m s−1. The results show an inverse relation between the mean eccentricities and the multiplicities of the systems. Performing synthetic transit observation of the final systems reveals dichotomies in both the eccentricity and multiplicity distributions that are close to being in agreement with the Kepler data. Hence, understanding the observed orbital and physical properties of the compact systems of super-Earths discovered by Kepler may require holistic modelling that couples the dynamics of both inner and outer systems of planets during and after the epoch of formation.
The environment of Lyman break analogues (ELBA) survey: star-forming galaxies in small groups
Authors: Santana-Silva L , Gonçalves T S , Basu-Zych A , Soares-Santos M , Menéndez-Delmestre K , Drlica-Wagner A , Riguccini L , Kuropatkin N P , Yanny B , Eufrasio R T 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
The environment of Lyman break analogues survey is an imaging survey of 33 deg2 of the southern sky. The survey was observed in u, g, r, and i bands with the Dark Energy Camera on the Blanco telescope. The main goal of this project is to investigate the environment of Lyman break analogues (LBAs) low-redshift (z ∼0.2) galaxies that are remarkably similar to typical star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 3. We explore whether the environment has any influence on the observed properties of these galaxies, providing valuable insight on the formation and evolution of galaxies over cosmic time. Using the nearest neighbour method, we measure the local density of each object ranging from small to large scales (clusters of galaxies). Comparing the environment around LBAs with that of the general galaxy population in the field, we conclude that LBAs, on average, populate denser regions at small scales, but are located in similar environment to other star-forming galaxies at larger cluster-like scales. This offers evidence that nearby encounters such as mergers may influence the star formation activity in LBAs, before infall on to larger galaxy clusters. We interpret this as an indication of galaxy pre-processing, in agreement with theoretical expectations for galaxies at z ∼ 2–3 where the gravitational interactions are more intense in early formation processes of these objects.
High-cadence observations and variable spin behaviour of magnetar Swift J1818.0−1607 after its outburst
Authors: Champion David , Cognard Ismael , Cruces Marilyn , Desvignes Gregory , Jankowski Fabian , Karuppusamy Ramesh , Keith Michael J , Kouveliotou Chryssa , Kramer Michael , Liu Kuo , Lyne Andrew G , Mickaliger Mitchell B , O’Connor Brendan , Parthasarathy Aditya , Porayko Nataliya , Rajwade Kaustubh , Stappers Ben W , Torne Pablo , van der Horst Alexander J , Weltevrede Patrick 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We report on multifrequency radio observations of the new magnetar Swift J1818.0−1607, following it for more than one month with high cadence. The observations commenced less than 35 h after its registered first outburst. We obtained timing, polarization, and spectral information. Swift J1818.0−1607 has an unusually steep spectrum for a radio emitting magnetar and also has a relatively narrow and simple pulse profile. The position angle swing of the polarization is flat over the pulse profile, possibly suggesting that our line of sight grazes the edge of the emission beam. This may also explain the steep spectrum. The spin evolution shows large variation in the spin-down rate, associated with four distinct timing events over the course of our observations. Those events may be related to the appearance and disappearance of a second pulse component. The first timing event coincides with our actual observations, while we did not detect significant changes in the emission properties that could reveal further magnetospheric changes. Characteristic ages inferred from the timing measurements over the course of months vary by nearly an order of magnitude. A longer-term spin-down measurement over approximately 100 d suggests a characteristic age of about 500 yr, larger than previously reported. Though Swift J1818.0−1607 could still be one of the youngest neutron stars (and magnetars) detected so far, we caution using the characteristic age as a true-age indicator given the caveats behind its calculation.
COVID-19 and Music Therapists’ Employment, Service Delivery, Perceived Stress, and Hope: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Gaddy Sarah , Gallardo Ressa , McCluskey Shelley , Moore Leanna , Peuser Alex , Rotert Rachel , Stypulkoski Corinne , LaGasse A Blythe 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic was declared, which impacted music therapists in terms of employment, service delivery, and mental health. However, the extent of changes within the profession was unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the pandemic on the employment, service delivery, stress, and hope of music therapy professionals in the United States. Music therapists (N = 1,196) responded to a 51-item survey including questions related to employment and service delivery. The study also included the Adult Hope Scale and the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10). Results indicated that many music therapists experienced changes in their positions, including a decrease in client contact hours and an increase in using alternative services, such as telehealth. Changes in service hours and delivery were higher for individuals who worked in private practice than for other settings. Primary respondent concerns included being a carrier of COVID-19, being isolated from loved ones, and income loss. Compared with prior general population samples from the United States, respondents reported higher levels of hope, with a majority of respondents also reporting a high level of hope for the profession. Respondents also indicated a moderate level of perceived stress on the PSS-10. Open response comments provided additional insights into the situational stressors and feelings of hope at this time in the pandemic. The results of this study indicate that music therapists adapted to service delivery changes and continued to provide services to clients, despite the many difficulties faced during the pandemic.
Animal-APAdb: a comprehensive animal alternative polyadenylation database
Authors: Jin Weiwei , Zhu Qizhao , Yang Yanbo , Yang Wenqian , Wang Dongyang , Yang Jiajun , Niu Xiaohui , Yu Debing , Gong Jing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is an important post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism that recognizes different polyadenylation signals on transcripts, resulting in transcripts with different lengths of 3′ untranslated regions and thereby influencing a series of biological processes. Recent studies have highlighted the important roles of APA in human. However, APA profiles in other animals have not been fully recognized, and there is no database that provides comprehensive APA information for other animals except human. Here, by using the RNA sequencing data collected from public databases, we systematically characterized the APA profiles in 9244 samples of 18 species. In total, we identified 342 952 APA events with a median of 17 020 per species using the DaPars2 algorithm, and 315 691 APA events with a median of 17 953 per species using the QAPA algorithm in these 18 species, respectively. In addition, we predicted the polyadenylation sites (PAS) and motifs near PAS of these species. We further developed Animal-APAdb, a user-friendly database (http://gong_lab.hzau.edu.cn/Animal-APAdb/) for data searching, browsing and downloading. With comprehensive information of APA events in different tissues of different species, Animal-APAdb may greatly facilitate the exploration of animal APA patterns and novel mechanisms, gene expression regulation and APA evolution across tissues and species.
Vaping Restrictions: Is Priority to the Young Justified?
Authors: Magalhaes Monica 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

The vast majority of smokers become dependent on nicotine in youth. Preventing dependence has therefore been crucial to the recent decline in youth smoking. The advent of vaping creates an opportunity for harm reduction to existing smokers (mostly adults) but simultaneously also undermines prevention efforts by becoming a new vehicle for young people to become dependent on nicotine, creating an ethical dilemma. Restrictions to access to some vaping products enacted in response to the increase in vaping among youth observed in the United States since 2018 have arguably prioritized prevention of new cases of dependence—protecting the young—over harm reduction to already dependent adults. Can this prioritization of the young be justified? This article surveys the main bioethical arguments for prioritizing giving health benefits to the young and finds that none can justify prioritizing dependence prevention over harm reduction: any reasons for prioritizing the current cohort of young people at risk from vaping will equally apply to current adult smokers, who are overwhelmingly likely to have become nicotine-dependent in their own youth. Public health authorities’ current tendency to prioritize the young, therefore, does not seem to be ethically justified.

Implications
This article argues that commonsense reasons for prioritizing the young do not apply to the ethical dilemma surrounding restricting access to vaping products.
Reactive Oxygen Species, Mitochondrial Membrane Potential, and Cellular Membrane Potential Are Predictors of E-Liquid Induced Cellular Toxicity
Authors: Correia-Álvarez Eva , Keating James E , Glish Gary , Tarran Robert , Sassano M Flori 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe use of flavors in electronic cigarettes appeals to adults and never-smoking youth. Consumption has rapidly increased over the last decade, and in the U.S. market alone, there are over 8000 unique flavors. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has begun to regulate e-liquids, but many have not been tested, and their impact, both at the cellular level, and on human health remains unclear.MethodsWe tested e-liquids on the human cell line HEK293T and measured toxicity, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ  m), reactive oxygen species production (ROS), and cellular membrane potential (Vm) using high-throughput screening (HTS) approaches. Our HTS efforts included single-dose and 16-point dose–response curves, which allowed testing of ≥90 commercially available e-liquids in parallel to provide a rapid assessment of cellular effects as a proof of concept for a fast, preliminary toxicity method. We also investigated the chemical composition of the flavors via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.ResultsWe found that e-liquids caused a decrease in ΔΨ  m and Vm and an increase in ROS production and toxicity in a dose-dependent fashion. In addition, the presence of five specific chemical components: vanillin, benzyl alcohol, acetoin, cinnamaldehyde, and methyl-cyclopentenolone, but not nicotine, were linked with the changes observed in the cellular traits studied.ConclusionOur data suggest that ΔΨ  m, ROS, Vm, and toxicity may be indicative of the extent of cell death upon e-liquid exposure. Further research on the effect of flavors should be prioritized to help policy makers such as the FDA to regulate e-liquid composition.ImplicationsE-liquid cellular toxicity can be predicted using parameters amenable to HTS. Our data suggest that ΔΨ  m, ROS, Vm, and toxicity may be indicative of the extent of cell death upon e-liquid exposure, and this toxicity is linked to the chemical composition, that is, flavoring components. Further research on the effect of flavors should be prioritized to help policy makers such as the FDA to regulate e-liquid composition.
Regulating Libra
Authors: Zetzsche Dirk A , Buckley Ross P , Arner Douglas W 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Libra is the first private cryptocurrency with the potential to change the landscape of global payment and monetary systems. Due to the scale and reach provided by its affiliation with Facebook, the question is not whether, but how, to regulate it. This article introduces the Libra project and analyses the potential responses open to regulators worldwide. We conclude that perhaps the greatest impact will come not from Libra itself, but rather from reactions to it, particularly by other BigTechs, incumbent financial institutions and governments around the world.
Burden and cost of communicable, maternal, perinatal and nutrition deficiency diseases in India
Authors: Yadav Jeetendra , Menon Geetha R , Mitra Malvika , Allarakha Shaziya , John Denny 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Globally 36% of deaths and 42% of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) are due to communicable, maternal, perinatal and nutritional disorders (CMPND). We examined the state-wise disease burden and treatment cost for these diseases in India for 2017.

Methods
DALYs for CMPND was obtained from National Disease Burden Estimate (NBE) Study and the expenditure was determined from the unit level records of persons who reported hospitalization for one or more CMPND in National Sample Survey (NSS)—75th Round.

Results
The top conditions resulting in high DALYs for India were perinatal conditions and nutritional deficiency disorders. Odisha had the highest DALY rate, while Kerala had the lowest DALY rate for CMPNDs. The out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) was highest in Chattisgarh, while percentage of households pushed to CHE was highest in Uttar Pradesh for CMPND.

Conclusion
The public healthcare facilities need to be strengthened to facilitate patients with CMPND to undergo treatment that is timely, affordable and cost-effective. Efforts should be made for optimization of strategies aimed at primary and secondary prevention of CMPND and reduce OOPE for treatment of these diseases. In addition, advocacy spreading awareness will reduce the burden and treatment expenditure for CMPNDs in India.
Clinical significance of interleukin-18 for the diagnosis and prediction of disease course in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Mizuta Mao , Shimizu Masaki , Inoue Natsumi , Ikawa Yasuhiro , Nakagishi Yasuo , Yasuoka Ryuhei , Iwata Naomi , Yachie Akihiro 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the clinical significance of serum IL-18 levels for the diagnosis of systemic JIA (s-JIA) and to predict the disease course of s-JIA.

Methods
Overall, 116 patients with s-JIA, 151 with other diseases and 20 healthy controls were analysed. Serum IL-18 levels were measured longitudinally in 41 patients with s-JIA from active phase through remission phase. Serum IL-18 levels were quantified via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the results were compared with clinical features and the disease course of s-JIA.

Results
The serum IL-18 level cut-off value for differentiation of s-JIA from other diseases was 4800 pg/ml. In patients with a monocyclic course, serum IL-18 levels steadily decreased during the inactive phase and low levels were sustained during remission. In contrast, in patients with a chronic course, elevated serum IL-18 levels were sustained even during the inactive phase. In patients with a polycyclic course, serum IL-18 levels were elevated during disease flares and normalized during the inactive phase. The serum IL-18 level cut-off value for diagnosis of remission in s-JIA was 595 pg/ml,

Conclusion
Serum IL-18 levels of &gt;4800 pg/ml may be useful for differentiating between s-JIA and other diseases. Monitoring of serum IL-18 levels might be useful for predicting the disease course and assessing remission in s-JIA.
Medication Safety and the Accidental Death of a 9-Month-Old
Authors: Davis Laura 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Since the turn of the century, there has been a 225% increase in the number of deaths of children under 5 years old caused by opioid poisoning because of accidental ingestion. One measure aimed at reducing this trend, currently being considered by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, is increasing the safety of opioid use by requiring unit-dose packaging. Another classic measure is educational efforts around medication safety and children. Although medication safety education lacks standardization, stepped-up educational efforts by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Safe Kids Worldwide, and others in response to the increase in accidental opioid poisoning in children appear to be making an impact. After the start of these programs' efforts, emergency room visits for children for accidental medicine poisoning have declined by 32%.
Operation After Radiologic Embolization for Blunt Liver Trauma
Authors: John Rebecca L. , Kabeer Mustafa H. , Guner Yigit S. , Gibbs David L. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Motor vehicle accidents and other blunt high-impact traumas occur with relative frequency in children and adolescents, potentially causing severe injury or death (Martin et al., 2017). A common consequence of blunt trauma is laceration to the solid organs such as liver, kidneys, or spleen. These injuries are typically managed nonoperatively, occasionally utilizing interventional radiology (IR) embolization (Arbra et al., 2017). This case report discusses a child with Grade V+ liver laceration, who underwent IR embolization and ultimately required laparoscopic evacuation of abdominal hemorrhage with peritoneal drain placement. As a complication of IR embolization, the patient developed an occlusive thrombus in his right common femoral artery. A systematic review of nonoperative management in pediatric trauma by the American Pediatric Surgical Association concluded that there is no need to put patients through the risks of an IR embolization procedure if the patient remains stable (Gates et al., 2019). Although the guidelines are useful, clinical judgment remains the best determinant for invasive intervention. From a trauma nursing perspective, these cases require serial abdominal examinations combined with excellent communication between nurses and physicians to highlight changes in physical examination findings. In addition, research on IR procedures in the context of hepatic injury needs further study.
The Effect of Nurse Practice Environment on Retention and Quality of Care via Burnout, Work Characteristics, and Resilience
Authors: Gensimore Mandy M. , Maduro Ralitsa S. , Morgan Merri K. , McGee Genemarie W. , Zimbro Kathie S. 
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to explore the influence of nurse work characteristics, resiliency, and burnout on retention, and patient quality and safety.

BACKGROUND
With an ongoing nursing shortage, maintaining qualified nursing staff is critical. We explored the direct and indirect effects of practice environment, nurse work characteristics, and burnout on retention, and perceived quality and safety.

METHODS
Responses from 507 RNs were collected via an anonymous online survey. Theorized relationships were explored via path analysis and invariance testing.

RESULTS
Positive practice environment and favorable work characteristics lowered burnout and improved outcomes. The indirect effects of work characteristics and burnout were dependent upon individual level of resilience. Social capital minimized the effects of burnout for participants reporting below-average resilience.

CONCLUSIONS
Leader support was critical in shaping positive perception of the practice environment. A nurse leader's visibility and actions impact intent to stay. Results of this study may inform healthcare systems struggling to retain a robust, engaged nursing workforce.