bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastrointestinal symptoms characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 patients: a cohort study
Authors: Wang Yong , Pei Bin , Huang Guoxin , Pei Shengduo , Qu Gaojing , Liu Xiaoyun , Chen Junwen , Wang Lisha , Zhang Meiling , Tang Bowen , Yuan Shuai , Ai Jinwei , Zhu Haoming , Chen Lei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Backgroud: To describe the frequency and distribution characteristics of gastrointestinal symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.Methods: As a cohort study, all confirmed COVID-19 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms at Xiangyang No.1 people’s hospital were included until February 21st, 2020. Course of disease no less than 21 days.Gastrointestinal symptoms relevant data were extracted and analyzed. The frequency histograms of the symptoms were plotted. Main symptom characteristics were summarized.Results: Of 50 included patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, 21 were male, 29were female. The mean age was 53 (SD 16) years. Course of disease ranged from 21 to 34 days with a median of 26 days. Among all patients, 16 were critically ill and five died, 12 discharged. Thirty-one clinical symptoms occurred 3168 times in total, 6 gastrointestinal symptoms occurred 439 (13.86%) times and 25 non-gastrointestinal symptoms occurred 2 729(86.14%) times. All symptoms and non-gastrointestinal symptoms distributed in 1 to 34 days, reached peak on 6th day of follow up, first seven days were the fastigium and decreasing in the rest days. Gastrointestinal symptoms mainly distributed in 1 to 34 days, reached a peak of 36 times per day on 6th of follow-up with a fastigium during 6 to 12 day, showed a trend of rise first and then fall. Nausea, vomit and abdominal discomfort occurred 133, 70 and 62 times, respectively.Conclusions: A symptom frequency to time distribution model could describe the disease process quantitatively, indicating the change law of gastrointestinal symptoms and the organ damages in gastrointestinal system, could help us to better understand and treat the new disease. Females showed higher incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms, whether there is a sex difference in susceptibility needs to be further confirmed.Trial regitration: retrospectively registeredAuthors Guoxin Huang and Shengduo Pei contributed equally to this work.
Analysis The Effect of e-Budgeting and Government Internal Control System on The Quality of Financial Reporting of Local Government in Indonesia in Islamic Perspectives
Authors: Setyawan Wahyu , Rika Gamayuni Rindu , Muhammad Ahmad Shamsuddeen 
Published: April 2020

The objective of this study is to determine the impact of e-budgeting and internal government control systems to financial reporting of local governments in Indonesia as measured by the achievement of the unqualified opinion from the report of the Financial Audit Board (LHP BPK) on the Regional Government Financial Reports (LKPD). Financial reporting is a mechanism in the delivery of financial information and a representation of the financial position of transactions carried out by local governments , as an obligation of responsibility for the allocation and use of resources that are useful for accountability and transparency purposes.The implementation of e-budgeting and the government internal control system in the preparation of financial reporting is a means to realize accountability and transparency in governance in bureaucratic reform. This is consistent with the perspective of Islam provides guidance in the embodiment of the system of good governance government in the form of three pillars, namely transparency , accountability and participation . The study population was all local governments in Indonesia with a sample that local governments in Indonesia are already implementing e-budgeting in the 2017 -2018 . This research method is a quantitative empirical research method using secondary data with data analysis performed statistical tests using multiple linear regression with Eviews 9.0. The results of hypothesis testing and multiple regression analysis with eviews 9.0 shows that e-budgeting and government internal control systems are simultaneously influenced positively to financial reporting of local governments in Indonesia in the form of unqualified opinion. Keywords : E-Budgeting, Government Internal Control, Financial Reporting, Islamic Perspective.
Precipitação na América do Sul: Médias Climáticas e Padrões da Variabilidade no Período entre 1979 e 2008
Authors: Maier Éder Leandro , Costi Juliana , Barreira Sandra , Simões Jefferson Cardia 
Published: April 2020

Este artigo discute os principais padrões médios e anômalos da precipitação sobre a América do Sul no período 1979–2008. Para isso foram manipulados dados mensais da precipitação observada em 890 estações meteorológicas localizadas na Argentina, Bolívia, Brasil, Paraguai e Uruguai ao longo desse período de trinta anos. As médias climáticas foram subtraídas das amostras, originando as anomalias, as quais foram agrupadas por meio da Análise das Componentes Principais em dois modos. No modo T se identificou 6 componentes principais, que explicam 35% da variância e representam 12 padrões espaciais anômalos originados, principalmente, pelo fenômeno El Niño–Oscilação Sul (ENOS) e pela variabilidade do Atlântico Norte. No modo S foram identificadas 8 zonas em que a variabilidade temporal das séries anômalas é semelhante, sendo que o ENOS prevalece no controle das anomalias nas zonas situadas na região equatorial e extratropical, além disso, a variabilidade do Atlântico Norte pode maximizar ou minimizar os impactos do ENOS. A frequência de recorrência desses estresses hídrico variam entre 20 e 60 meses. This article discusses mean and anomalous rainfall patterns over South America in the period 1979–2008. For that we handled monthly precipitation data observed at 890 meteorological stations located in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay over this thirty years period. Climatic means were subtracted from the data, resulting in anomalies that were grouped by Principal Component Analysis in two modes. We identified 6 main components in the T mode, which explain 35% of the variance and represent 12 anomalous spatial patterns originated mainly by El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon and the North Atlantic variability. In mode S, we identified eight zones where the series temporal variability is also anomalous, and the ENOS prevails as the anomalies controller in the equatorial and extra tropical regions. Further, North Atlantic variability may maximize or minimize the ENSO impact. The frequency of these recurrent water stresses range from 20 to 60 months. Keywords: Precipitation, South America, PCA
Variabilidade espaço-temporal e identificação de Eventos Extremos de Descargas Atmosféricas no Estado de São Paulo durante o Verão (Spatiotemporal variability and identify Extreme Events of Lightning in the State of São Paulo during the Summer)
Authors: Santos Ana Paula Paes dos , Pinto Júnior Osmar , De Souza Everaldo Barreiros , Azambuja Rodrigo , Dos Santos Sérgio Rodrigo Quadro 
Published: April 2020

Dada a grande incidência de descargas atmosféricas e aos diversos tipos de danos proporcionados por tal fenômeno no estado de São Paulo, o presente trabalho dedica-se a análise das descargas atmosféricas do tipo nuvem-solo durante o verão. Com base nos dados da Rede Integrada Nacional de Detecção de Descargas Atmosféricas (RINDAT) e da Rede Brasileira de Detecção de Descargas Atmosféricas (BrasilDAT) para o período de 16 anos (1999 a 2014), foram analisados os padrões espaço-temporais e identificados os eventos extremos das ocorrências de descargas. A tendência da incidência de descargas foi calculada utilizando o método não paramétrico de Mann-Kendall, e os eventos extremos foram determinados usando a técnica dos Percentis. Os resultados da análise da variabilidade espacial mostraram que há uma alta concentração de descargas na região centro-leste do estado. Observou-se que há uma tendência crescente da incidência de descargas, com significância estatística de 90%. Os eventos extremos ocorreram nos anos de 2010, 2013 e 2014, associados a atuação da Zona de Convergência do Atlântico Sul (ZCAS). A B S T R A C T Given the high incidence of lightning and the various types of damage caused by this phenomenon in the state of São Paulo, this work is dedicated to analysis of the lightning cloud-to-ground during the summer. Based on data from the Integrated National Lightning Detection Network (RINDAT) and the Brazilian Lightning Detection Network (BrasilDAT) for the period of 16 years, from 1999 to 2014, the spatiotemporal patterns were analyzed and identified the occurrences of extreme events. The trend in the incidence of lightning was calculated using the non-parametric method of Mann-Kendall and extreme events were determined using the technique of Percentiles. The results of the analysis of the spatial variability showed a high concentration of lightning in the central-eastern part of the state. It was observed an increasing trend in the incidence of lightning with statistical significance of 90%. Extreme events occurred in the years 2010, 2013 and 2014 associated with the performance of South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ). Keywords: Lightning, extreme events, São Paulo.
Pengaruh Struktur Aktiva, Profitabilitas Dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Struktur Modal Pada Perusahaan Makanan Dan Minuman Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2015-2017
Authors: Dara Siti Ruhana , Rahmanto Basuki Toto 
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh dari struktur aktiva, profitabilitas dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap Struktur Modal. Dalam penelitian ini, struktur modal diukur dengan menggunakan debt to equity ratio, untuk struktur aktiva dihitung dengan skala rasio, perbandingan Antara aktiva tetap dengan total aktiva, sedangkan untuk profitabilitas dengan menghitung Return on Assets dan ukuran perusahaan di hitung dengan nilai logaritma natural dari penjualan, objek dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dari tahun 2015-2017. Metode pengambilan sampel, non probability sampling dengan kriteria perusahaan makanan dan minuman yang sudah dan masih terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2015-2017 yang memiliki laporan keuangan lengkap sesuai dengan variabel yang dibutuhkan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda dan menggunakan software eviews 9 untung pengolahan datanya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa struktur aktiva berpengaruh terhadap struktur modal sedangkan profitabilitas dan ukuran perusahaan tidak berpengaruh terhadap struktur modal.
Kata kunci: Struktur Aktiva, Profitabilitas, Ukuran Perusahaan, Struktur Modal
SOME ISSUES OF ESTABLISHING THE REASON FOR TECHNICAL DAMAGE TO THE PROPERTY AND DETERMINATION OF THE MATERIAL DAMAGE AS A RESULT OF THE PURPOSE
Authors: Simonenko V. , Demuzenko I. 
Published: April 2020

According to the Resolution of Plenum of the Supreme Court of Ukraine of 27. 03. 1992 № 6 «About practice of consideration by courts of civil cases on claims for compensation of harm» , considering claims for compensation of harm, courts are guided by that the harm caused to the person and property of the citizen is subject to compensation in full by the person which caused it, provided that actions of the last were illegal, between them and damage is the direct causal connection and there are wines of the specified person
The article presents some of the problematic issues that arise in the study of the causes of technical damage to property and the definition of material damage as a result of flooding. The relevance of the subject of the article, which is emphasized by the availability of appropriate techniques developed by specialists of state specialized institutions, in particular, forensic experts of the Kyiv research Institute of forensic examinations and the Odessa research Institute of forensic examinations. The definition of the current legislation on material damage is given.
The article also points to the need to establish an appropriate defendant in civil disputes that arise when considering material damage, in accordance with the current provisions on the maintenance and maintenance of the housing stock. Fixing of damages is carried out by means of the act of pouring, full-scale inspection, photo fixation.
A comprehensive study of the initial data during the survey allows us to provide a clear, impartial opinion on the technical causes of damage and material losses due to flooding.
The above information can be used in judicial construction and technical expertise on technical causes of damage and material damage due to flooding.
Суть та роль наукової дипломатії в системі міжнародних відносин
Authors: Птащенко О.В. , Литовченко І.В. , Григорова Ю.В. 
Published: April 2020

Роль дипломатії у багатополярному світі, що розвивається у напрямку всебічної інтеграції та глобалізації, змінюється і значно зростає. У статі виділено основні риси становлення дипломатичної діяльності у сучасних міжнародних відносинах.
Багатостороння дипломатія потребує обов'язкового дотримання всіх етапів процедури, а також чіткого розуміння взаємозалежності між різноманітними багатосторонніми структурами, здатність будувати та мобілізувати вигідні для себе політичні альянси. Особливого значення в рамках багатосторонньої дипломатії набуває переговорна процедура.
Найяскравішим прикладом змін у традиційній дипломатії є трансформація зовнішньополітичного механізму та дипломатичних структур у країнах Європейського Союзу.
Шлях до універсального сталого розвитку, вирішення конфесійних та етнічних конфронтацій лежить через глобальну розмову, засновану на прийнятті та утвердженні принципів справедливості та прав людини, толерантності та культури миру. В усі часи дипломатія, незалежно від її історичної моделі, була покликана слугувати найбільш ефективним інструментом спілкування.
Interaction of notions «state power» and «local self-government»
Authors: Skripkina Yuliya , Korsikova Natalia 
Published: April 2020

The article is devoted to the constitutional aspect of state power in cooperation with the same phenomenon as local government. The legal assessment of local government is given, taking into account the peculiarities of modern Russia.
The article analyzes the differences between local government and local government, focusing on the signs of self-government. A brief description of local government as a form of democracy and the basis of the constitutional system is given. The scientific experience of studying local government, as well as its complex political and legal nature and social.
Signs of local self-government that exist in an inextricable relationship between themselves are considered. The implementation of public authority in the form of local government is disclosed and a number of common features are identified that bring it closer to state power.
Monitoring of the main regulatory documents that determine the legal basis in this area. The difference between local government and state power is analyzed.
The importance of the constitutional independence of local government in relation to state power is emphasized.
Appeals and inducements as characteristics of crimes influenced by media and information and telecommunication networks
Authors: Antipov Andrey 
Published: April 2020

The urgency of the problems of combating crime committed through the media and
telecommunication networks has reached a high level. The present paper gives a detail analysis of the notions of “inducement” and “appeals” made by the Supreme Court of Russia, explanatory dictionaries as well as criminal law scholars. Based on the analysis the author suggests his own definitions of “inducement” and “appeals” in the Criminal law of the Russian Federation. The author solves the problem of qualifying an act in the case of competition rules, on the one hand, providing for participation in the commission of a crime, the objective side of which, among other things, can be performed by declination and appeals and, on the other hand, independent appeals and inducement to commit a crime. Using the example of article 212 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the author solves the problem of qualification of acts in the case of competition of criminal law norms. A comparison of punishments in the main part of the article and in the part where the act is carried out using the media or information and telecommunications networks is made. There are some articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in the dispositions of which inducement and appeals do not provide implementation with the use of mass media and telecommunication networks. It is concluded that such norms need to be analyzed to establish more severe penalties for the acts influenced by media and telecommunication networks.
Theoretical design of tetragonal rare-earth-free alloys with high magnetisation and high magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Tsujikawa Masahito , Mitsuhashi Yuito , Shirai Masafumi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Tetragonal alloys, such as D022-Mn3Ga, are potential candidates for rare-earth free permanent magnets due to their high Curie temperature and uniaxial magnetic anisotropy. For high-performance permanent magnets, high saturation magnetisation is necessary. However, the saturation magnetisation of D022-Mn3Ga is small due to ferrimagnetic ordering. We investigated the possibility of developing ferromagnetic Heusler alloys with high magnetic anisotropy and saturation magnetisation using the first-principles calculation. We focused on the effects of Fe substitution for Mn in D022-Mn3Ga as well as the consequent volume expansion; the ferromagnetic tetragonal XA phase is stabilized in Fe2MnGa by an 8% volume expansion. This tetragonal XA-Fe2MnGa has desirable properties for a high-performance permanent magnet, such as high magnetisation (1350 emu cc−1), perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (2.12 MJ m−3), and Curie temperature (1047 K). In addition, the substitution of Sn and increasing the Ga composition in the Fe2MnGa alloy results in volume expansion, which stabilizes the ferromagnetic tetragonal XA phase.
Teknologi Pengolahan Pakan Berbahan Indigofera zollingeriana: PKM Sekolah Petani Desa BUMDES Belabori, Mengatasi Krisis Pakan di Musim Kemarau
Authors: Nadir Marhamah , Prahesti Kusumandari Indah , Laban Sartika 
Published: April 2020

The availability of quality forage in the dry season is an obstacle to increase livesctok productivity. The highest livestock production cost is feed, 60-70% of the total livestock business needs, so feed is the main component for animal husbandry development. Indigofera zollingeriana is a legume plant that can grow well for a long time as a Forage (HMT), adapts very well to diverse environmental conditions, and is tolerant to long dry climates. Another advantage of this plant is the high nutrient content, which is 35% protein, 15% crude fiber, 86% digestibility and very low anti-nutrient content. The advantages of this plant need to be shared with the community, especially farmers. Belabori Prosperous Village-owned business entity, is one of the BUMDES that has developed Indigofera since 2018, but the community has not utilized this plant optimally. Belabori Village is an area with a significant number of cattle including cattle, goats and poultry. To disseminate the use of Indigofera, Sekolah Petani Desa program is conducted, a learning house with lecturers, students, farmers, breeders and Bumdes to process Indigofera into nutritious feed and to be used in the dry season. The purpose of “Sekolah Petani Desa” activities is the transfer of technology of research results in the laboratory to the field. SPD activities become a direct application media for campus research results to the field of farmers and ranchers and provide invaluable experience for researchers, ranchers and students who are directly involved in community service activities that are integrated with the field work practices of animal husbandry students. This activity was successfully carried out and achieved the output target, namely breeders can process Indigofera into green concentrate flour, pellets, UMB, hay and silage. Indigofera is the main source of protein for cattle and goats in the village of Belabori and is used by Bumdes to be a source of income through green concentrate businesses.
HUKUM DAN DEMOKRASI JALAN MENUJU KESEJAHTERAAN RAKYAT
Authors: Nuhrawati Andi 
Published: April 2020

Penegakan hukum dan demokrasi memiliki relevansi yang erat dengan masalah-masalah hukum, misalnya korupsi, kolusi dan nepotisme. Penelitian ini menunjukkan ketidak adilan yang dirasakan kaum menengah kebawah, yaitu tajamnya hukum mengiris kebawah dan tumpulnya keatas. Olehnya dalam tulisan ini mempertanyakan hukum dan demokrasi membangun bangsa dan relevansinya terhadap kepemimpinan bangsa Indonesia,serta mempertanyakan peningkatan martabat manusia dan kesejahteraan melalui pembudayaan kritikan demi kemajuan. Hasil pemikiran dalam tulisan ini menunjukkan terpeliharanya stabilitas dan keamanan dalam sebuah negara tidak hanya ditentukan kekuatan personil polisi dan angkatan bersenjata, namun harus pula dibangun pula lembaga hukum yang berwibawa dan disegani masyarakat, melalui aparat-aparat hukum dan lembaga hukum harus mampu menjaga citranya dalam masyarakat secara ketat,sebab hanya beberapa orang saja yang melakukan perbuatan tidak terpuji maka stigma buruk akan cepat lekat dalam pikiran masyarakat. Masyarakat miskin yang dikaji dalam tulisan ini lebih terfokoskan dalam pengertian ekonomi, yaitu mereka yang tingkat pendapatan sangat rendah sehingga kesulitan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya sehari-hari. Pertama harus dijawab dari gambaran masyarakat miskin diatas apakah mereka merupakan sebuah kelas politik atau bukan,kalau mereka tergolong dalam kelas politik itu artinya keberadaan mereka diperhitungkan, disadari dan diyakini kekuatannya oleh partai politik. Tetapi,kalau kelompok masyarakat miskin dinilai bukan sebuah kelas politik mereka hanya dimanfaatkan sebagai objek oleh kekuatan politik, tidak akan mendapatkan keistimewaan tertentu.
Le troisième âge de l’intelligence augmentée, dite artificielle
Authors: Moulier-Boutang Yann 
Published: April 2020

Le constat que faisait Herbert Simon, Prix Nobel d’économie 1978, comme quoi l’IA est très éloignée de l’intelligence humaine naviguant dans un monde incertain, reste plus juste que jamais en 2020. D’abord, l’IA manque de rigueur méthodologique sur la constitution et le traitement des données. Pire : après avoir privilégié le modèle de l’intelligence symbolique, qui a trouvé ses limites, elle prend désormais pour modèle l’intelligence intuitive de l’enfant de moins de 6 ans, qui plus est de façon caricaturale. Ne faudrait-il pas plutôt tenter d’aller vers un troisième âge de l’IA, augmentant nos capacités plutôt que les singeant, et s’appuyant sur tous les ressorts de l’intelligence ?
De la loi des grands nombres aux grands nombres qui font la loi
Authors: Corteel Mathieu 
Published: April 2020

Les affaires de Facebook et de Cambridge Analytica ont révélé aux démocraties la toute-puissance de la manipulation algorithmique. Les IA influencent dorénavant de manière drastique jusqu’au sacro-saint scrutin majoritaire. En ciblant nos affects et les failles de notre jugement, les IA attisent la tyrannie de la majorité. Sommes-nous pour autant condamnés à voir un choix individuel peu assuré dissout dans un choix collectif douteux ? Pour initier une réponse réjouissante qui redonnerait tout son sens au vote, l’article propose de revoir non sans dérision les règles du jeu : Et si les capacités de simulation des IA, au lieu de nous berner, nous aidaient au contraire dans notre jugement de citoyen ? Et si, en dégourdissant la pensée humaine plutôt qu’en la numérisant au moyen de l’IA, la simulation d’un candidat artificiel éveillait une intelligence collective permettant de prémunir les citoyens contre la tyrannie des moyennes ?