bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micro- and Macro-Level Time Associations: How Daily Life Settles Into Longer-Term Profiles
Authors: Joiner Raquael , Nelson Niccole , Scott Stacey 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Over a decade ago, Ram and Gerstorf (2009) proposed a descriptive framework to unite the study of intraindividual variability, operating at the micro-level timescale (e.g., minutes, days), and intraindividual change, operating at the macro-level time scale (e.g., years, decades). Since this proposal, several aging theories have incorporated a micro-level time component in their conceptualizations of longer-term aging processes. Furthermore, technological advancements have eased difficulties associated with data-collection at micro-level timescales, leading to an upsurgence of empirical investigations of dynamic characteristics and dynamic processes. This session presents theoretical, quantitative, and qualitative research aimed at better understanding the associations between micro- and macro-level time. More specifically, 1) Nelson et al. present their novel theoretical framework linking micro-level time emotion regulatory processes to intraindividual trajectories of cognitive functioning, 2) Joiner and colleagues present a quantitative study assessing the association between daily emotion-dynamics and yearly trajectories of depressive symptomatology, 3) Bergeman et al. present a quantitative study of daily risk and resilience in relation to trajectories of health and well-being, and 4) Bouklas and colleagues present a qualitative study linking individuals’ daily routines and behaviors to their general life outlooks. The quantitative and qualitative studies are based on available data from the The Notre Dame Study of Health & Well-Being, a 10-year, nested-longitudinal study that incorporates yearly questionnaires, five 56-day measurement bursts, and interview data. Discussant Stacey Scott will synthesize the presentations with Ram and Gerstorf’s framework and encourage researchers to integrate shorter- and longer-term timescales into their theoretical and empirical work on aging.
Are Spouses More Likely to be Depressed Than Adult Children in Dementia Care? A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Liu Jinyu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Using a mixed-methods approach, this study examines caregiver burden and depressive symptoms of Chinese American spouses and adult-children who provided care for their spouse or parents with dementia. Quantitative data were collected from a questionnaire-based survey in 124 Chinese caregivers in New York City and narrative data were gathered from in-depth interviews with 27 of these caregivers. The results of linear regression show that there was no difference in objective burden (caring tasks) between spousal and adult-child caregivers, but spousal caregivers reported significantly higher levels of subjective burden and depressive symptoms. Based on the structural equation modeling, it was found that subjective burden significantly mediated the association between being a spousal caregiver on depressive symptoms. The narrative data show that, compared to the adult-child caregivers, spousal caregivers were more likely to express their worries about the sequence of death (what will happen if they die earlier than their care receiver?).
Exploring the Risk and Protective Factors for the Mental Health of Sexual Minority Asian Americans
Authors: Flatt Jason , Whitmer Rachel , Gilsanz Paola 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study characterizes the mental health of Asian American older adults (aged 60+) who identify as sexual minorities (SM or lesbian, gay, bisexual) and compare to their non-Asian American and non-SM counterparts. Data were from the Research Program on Genes, Environment and Health (Aged 60+; N=185,478), a representative sample of healthcare members from Northern California. It includes SM (N=447) and heterosexual/non-SM (N=15,772) older adults who identify as Asian American (Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, and South Asian) and non-Asian American SM (N=3,890). Rates of dementia, anxiety, and PTSD were similar for both SM and non-SM Asian Americans. However, older lesbian and gay Asian Americans were more likely to have a depression diagnosis (30% vs. 18%, p=0.002) compared to non-SM. Overall, mental health outcomes were lower for Asian American SM compared to non-Asian American SM. We discuss need for understanding protective factors for mental health and implications for future interventions.
Adversity, Coping Repertoire, and Psychological Well-Being of Chinese Older Immigrants in the United States
Authors: Guo Man , Wang Yi , Liu Jinyu , Stensland Meredith , Dong XinQi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Using data from 2,923 Chinese older immigrants in Chicago, this study aims to identify different patterns of coping repertoires of older immigrants, based on a combination of individual, family and community coping resources, and the optimal coping repertoire that is associated with the best psychological outcomes. The results of Latent Class Analysis revealed four types of coping repertoires: low-resource (43%), spouse-oriented (32%), community-oriented (15%), and multi-source coping repertoire (10%). Overall, immigrants who had multi-source coping repertoire reported the best psychological outcomes. However, the influence of coping repertoires varied based on specific adversities. Having community-oriented coping repertoire was more protective for widowed immigrants, whereas spouse- or community-oriented coping repertoire was more protective for those with poor health. For less-acculturated older immigrants, having community-oriented coping appears most beneficial to their well-being; and for older immigrants who perceived low filial support from their children, having multi-source coping was associated with better psychological well-being.
Affective Vulnerability to Short Sleep Predicts 10-Year Changes in Chronic Health Conditions
Authors: Sin Nancy , Rush Jonathan , Buxton Orfeu , Almeida David 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We examined daily affective vulnerability to short sleep (i.e., individual differences in the extent that sleeping ≤6h predicts next-day affect) as a risk factor for developing chronic conditions 10 years later. Participants (N=1945, ages 35-85, 57% women) from the National Study of Daily Experiences reported sleep duration and affect in daily diary telephone interviews. Chronic conditions were assessed with a 39-item checklist (e.g., arthritis, hypertension, diabetes). Multilevel structural equation models revealed that individuals with heightened negative affect following short sleep had an increased number of chronic conditions after 10 years (Est.=1.20, SE=.48, p&lt;.01). Positive affective vulnerability (i.e., greater declines in positive affect following shorter sleep vs. longer sleep) was marginally associated with 10-year chronic conditions (Est.=-.72, SE=.40, p=.07). Adding to the well-established connections between sleep duration and well-being across adulthood, these findings suggest that affective vulnerability to short sleep represents a unique risk factor for long-term health as people age.
Dementia Severity Is Associated With Early Potentially Avoidable Readmissions in an Acute Care Hospital
Authors: Mitsutake Seigo , Ishizaki Tatsuro , Tsuchiya-Ito Rumiko , Hatakeyama Akira , Sugiyama Mika , Furuta Ko , Toba Kenji , Ito Hideo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Understanding the association of dementia severity with early potentially avoidable readmissions (PAR) could encourage the identification of the target patients for the health care providers to provide transitional care (i.e. follow-up and coordination care) to prevent early readmissions. This study examined whether dementia severity before admission was associated with PAR within 90 days (90-day PAR). This retrospective cohort study was conducted using a Diagnosis Procedure Combination database linked with routinely collected dementia assessment data from a large acute general hospital in Tokyo, Japan. Patients aged 65 or older who were discharged to home or facilities (n=8,910; mean age: 79.8 years, standard deviation: 7.4 years) between July 2016 and September 2018. The dementia severity was classified as normal, slight, moderate, severe dementia based on the Dementia Assessment Sheet for Community-based Integrated Care System 21-items (DASC-21) from the patient or their family at admission. We conducted a multivariable logistic regression adjusted for covariates (sex, age, insurance copayment rate, diagnosis at admission, Charlson Comorbidity Index, unscheduled admission, ICU utilization, surgical treatment, length of hospital stay, discharge place) to examine the association of severity of dementia with 90-day PAR. Among the patients, 225 (2.5%) experienced 90-day PAR. The adjusted odds of 90-day PAR among patients with moderate dementia were 1.571 times (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.102-2.240) and patients with severe dementia were 2.386 times (95% CI: 1.294-4.398) higher than the odds among patients without dementia. Patients with moderate and severe dementia before admission would be the target with high priority for providing transitional care.
Narrative Group Interventions to Rediscover Life Wisdom Among Hong Kong Chinese Older Adults: A Waitlist RCT Study
Authors: Chow Esther , Fung Sai-Fu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objectives: To recognize, and rejuvenate the life wisdom of Hong Kong Chinese older adults, a new strength- and meaning-based Narrative Therapy (NT) in practice is developed, with two objectives: to examine its effectiveness in enhancing wisdom; and to test the longer-term effects at 2 and 8 months respectively. Method: A waitlist randomised controlled trial (RCT) design was used. A total of 157 older adults were recruited, 82 of which was randomly assigned to 12 intervention groups to receive four 2-hour NT sessions using the ‘Tree of Life’ metaphor, to assess perceived wisdom at baseline (T1), at the end of treatment (T2), and at two (T3) and 8 months after treatment (T4). Results: Participants in the NT group showed significant improvements in the wisdom outcome measure [F(2.726, p = 0.041)]. As such, the results of latent growth curve models with time-invariant covariates for impact of NT on wisdom scores suggested significant effects two months after treatment (T3) with controlled the effects of age, gender and educational level [TML(11) = 17.306, p = 0.098, RMSEA = 0.079, CFI = 0.960]. Most improvements were sustained at 2- and 8-months post intervention. No adverse reaction was recorded in any of the cases mentioned at all study sites. Conclusion: The findings have significant theoretical contributions for professional social work practice to ground a new theory in understanding wisdom in older adulthood, develop a new clinical practice that appreciate and celebrate life wisdom, and a practice guide to be disseminated among health and social care practitioners.
Exploring the Complexities of Quality Measurement in Assisted Living in Washington State
Authors: Ham Carolyn , McAvoy Cathy , Gantz Roger , Schwartz Lindsay 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In Assisted Living (AL) choice and quality of life are highly valued by residents. Prior research has found many interrelated components contribute to AL residents’ experiences of quality. There are 543 licensed AL facilities in Washington state, with 33,830 licensed beds; in 2019, resident cost per year ranged from $44,000 to $78,000. In 2018, the Washington Legislature identified a need for consumer access to unbiased information on AL quality and directed the Department of Social and Health Services (DSHS) to form a workgroup on quality measures. The workgroup consists of representatives from state agencies, AL provider associations, advocacy organizations, AL providers and AL residents. To inform the workgroup, DSHS conducted a study of AL quality measures. Five statewide programs were identified and analyzed in 10 categories. The WA workgroup then assessed a series of measures across six domains: community participation and quality of life; consumer satisfaction; equity, diversity and inclusivity; informed choice and decision making; person-centered planning; and, resident safety. The workgroup assessed and chose to adopt CoreQ, a satisfaction measure developed by the American Health Care Association/National Center for Assisted Living (AHCA/NCAL) and endorsed by the National Quality Forum (NQF). In evaluating potential measures of quality, workgroup members weighed regulatory, industry, provider, consumer and family perspectives. Outcomes of this process include assessment of AL quality measurement in other states, selected measures for Washington and key insights into relative prioritization of quality domains by different stakeholder types.
Trends in Deficiency Citations in Florida Assisted Living Facilities
Authors: Sharma Hari 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Despite numerous anecdotal reports of poor quality and residential safety concerns in Assisted Living Facilities (ALFs), there is limited federal oversight of ALFs. Usually, state surveyors conduct inspections of ALFs for compliance with regulations and issue deficiency citations and/or fine non-compliant facilities. Florida is one of the few states that publicly releases inspections data. The aim of this study is to fill the gap in our understanding of ALF quality by examining the trends in deficiency citations in Florida. We obtain data on 1,047 ALFs with 25 or more beds operating in Florida between 2012-2018. We use descriptive methods to examine the trends in citations over time and further stratify by profit status. We also evaluate whether facilities get cited for the same deficiencies repeatedly. Every year, approximately, one third of the facilities were free of any deficiency citations. From 2012 to 2018, fewer facilities were cited for resident care and medication but more facilities were cited for training and staffing. Approximately 45.8% of not-for-profit and 35.1% of for-profit facilities were free of deficiency citations in 2018. A majority of facilities cited for a given deficiency were cited at least once again for that deficiency within the study period. Florida ALFs appear to be improving only in some deficiencies but getting worse in some other deficiencies. Furthermore, repeat citations are common suggesting that facilities fail to improve their care/service patterns to avoid repeat citations. More stringent regulations and stricter enforcements may deter facilities from repeat citations.
Living Arrangements, Electronic Communication Use, and Psychological Functioning
Authors: Shim Hyunju , Ailshire Jennifer , Crimmins Eileen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Older people who live alone may benefit more from using electronic communication than those who live with others. Although living alone has been linked to a higher risk of depression and social isolation, few studies examined the effect of using electronic communication separately by living arrangements. The current study examines the effect of electronic communication use by living arrangements for people aged 65 and older. Using the 2011-2018 National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), we examine how the frequency of emails/texts is associated with changes in psychological well-being and depressive symptoms accounting for sociodemographic, health, social network characteristics (N=6,897). Multilevel growth curve models showed that those living alone or with others were more likely to have fewer depressive symptoms at baseline if they used electronic communication, but the use did not affect their trajectory of depression. Those living alone or with others who used electronic communication did not have higher psychological well-being at baseline, nor did it affect their trajectory. The overall findings raise a question on the effectiveness of promoting electronic communication technology as a substitute for in person interaction for older adults living alone in the community.
Coping With the Impact of COVID-19 Safety Recommendations: The Importance of Pets
Authors: Emerson Kerstin , Kim Deborah , Mois George , Beer Jenay 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is disproportionately affecting older adults. Initial research suggests that older adults are experiencing negative emotions and stress during social distancing and self-quarantining. Consistently, literature shows that pet ownership can mitigate some negative emotions, including stress and loneliness. Our goal was to explore the impact of pets on older adults who were restricting their social interactions during the first three to five weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was based on web-based survey data from 833 persons aged 60 and older in the United States. The sample age of respondents ranged from 60-85, with a majority (80.2%) female and White (95%). About 56% of the sample reported that they owned at least one pet. Respondents with pets did not significantly differ in stress or loneliness measures compared to those without pets. A majority of respondents reported engaging in more distance communication compared to before the pandemic. However, respondents with pets were less likely to report an increase in the following technology-mediated forms of communication: emails, texts, computers, and telephone (all p-values &lt; .05) compared to those without pets. There was no significant difference in other coping mechanisms (e.g. exercise, alcohol intake) by pet ownership. These results suggest that respondents did not rely on pets to reduce stress or loneliness. However, pets may fill other communication/connection needs, and older adults may then rely less on communication with other people. Research on coping with the impact of Covid-19 has implications for interventions, including specific interventions for pet ownership.
How are Informal Caregivers Adapting to COVID19? Preliminary Results of an Online Survey
Authors: Trivedi Ranak , Suresh Madhuvanthi , Risbud Rashmi , Humber Marika , Jacobs Josephine , Thomas Samuel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
COVID19 may disrupt informal caregivers’ (CG) ability to support their care recipients (CR) but little is known how caregivers adapt. A 10-minute, anonymous, online survey with no geographic restrictions was fielded April-August 2020. Two screening items ensured that the respondents were at least 18y and self-identified as a CG. This English-language survey assessed: sociodemographics; reactions to COVID19; changes in CG responsibilities and abilities; depression (Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-2); CG burden (Zarit Burden Inventory, ZBI-4); and anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder, GAD-2). Univariate analyses determined the proportion of those who screened positive on PHQ-2 (cutoff=3), GAD-2 (cutoff=3), and ZBI-4 (cutoff=8). Of the 314 respondents, 74% lived in USA; 73.5% of caregivers and 48.2% CR were women. While 63.4% were married, only 28% cared for their spouse. CG mainly cared for adults (83%), and reported that 75.0% of their CR had 2+ conditions. 49.6% CG provided &gt;20h of care/wk. Since COVID19, 53% reported an increase in CG responsibilities; 28.0% noted a decrease in income. Many CG screened positive on the ZBI-4 (48.4%), GAD-2 (30.9%), and PHQ-2 (26.8%). 74% worried about contracting COVID19 at least some of the time. 35.0% noted limits to performing all caregiving tasks when they (N=34) or their CR (N=57) were asked to self-isolate/quarantine. 163 (51.9%) CG noted spending less time with their CR, of which 46.4% used alternate means (e.g., telephone calls). Preliminary results show that a plurality of CG had changes in their responsibilities and abilities during COVID19. A sizable proportion also reported poor well-being.
Risk Factors for Generalized Anxiety in Older African Americans During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bass Dwana , Hanna Sophie , Shair Sarah , DiCerbo Loraine , Giordani Bruno , Kavcic Voyko 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has created worldwide uncertainty and heightened fear and worry, elevating the potential for anxiety. We examined environmental, sociodemographic, and behavioral risk factors predicting generalized anxiety among older African Americans in a large metropolitan area during the COVID-19 outbreak. Sixty African American participants (92% female) age 65 and older were recruited from the Wayne State University Institute of Gerontology Healthier Black Elders Center. In addition to initial demographic questions, the scale (5-point Likert scale from “Not At All” to “A Great Deal”) assessed a range of everyday concerns, such as time spent indoors; family relationships; economic problems; restricted freedom of movement; and access to food, cleaning supplies, medical care, and personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants also completed a brief generalized anxiety screener, GAD-7. Of the 60 participants, 5 reported they were COVID-19 infected and their responses were not used for the analyses. Older Black Americans reported that during the pandemic, they were most affected by: Illness in Family (53%), Death in Family (35%) and Isolation (75%). Significant risk factors for anxiety were: Missing Close Ones, Annoyance, Sense of Safety, Media Coverage, and Time Indoors (explaining 58% of variance). The current study highlights everyday risk factors for anxiety in the context of the coronavirus pandemic among city-dwelling African Americans. Identified factors are common concerns that may be ameliorated with reasonable interventions. More research is needed in order to fully understand the scope and correlates of anxiety during these challenging times.
Community Cancer Rates in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island: Findings From Healthy Aging Data Reports
Authors: Wang Shuangshuang , Lee Chae Man , Kim Bon , Silverstein Nina , Porell Frank , Dugan Beth 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Cancer is one major health condition that affect people’s later life quality, which could be intervened from the community level. This study compares rates of lung cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer (in women), and prostate cancer (in men) among adults 65+ in 3 New England states (MA, NH, and RI). Data were from the Healthy Aging Data Report (see www.healthyagingdatareports.org), which reported on 150+ health indicators at the local community and state level. Data sources were the Current Medicare Beneficiary Summary File (years) and the American Community Survey (years). Small area estimation techniques were used to calculate age-sex adjusted community rates. Average state rates of cancers (range) are: Lung cancer MA 2.1 (1.0 – 4.4) NH 1.6 (0.9 – 2.9) RI 2.1 (1.3 – 2.9); Colon cancer MA 2.9 (1.8 – 4.1) NH 2.4 (1.8 – 3.7) RI 3.2 (1.6 – 4.5); Breast cancer MA 10.9 (5.3 – 16.4) NH 9.8 (5.4 – 14.8) RI 10.7 (7.2 – 13.9); Prostate cancer MA 13.8 (7.4 – 24.0) NH 11.5 (5.9 – 17.3) RI 13.8 (9.5 – 17.7). NH has the lowest rates on all four types of cancer; MA and NH were similar regarding average rates, but MA communities had the widest disparities for lung, breast and prostate cancer. Findings suggest within and between state variations in cancer rates. Policies and programs may target geographic areas/communities with high rates of cancers, examine environmental effects on cancer rates and develop strategies in reducing cancer rates.