bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harnessing the patient voice in prostate cancer research: Systematic review on the use of patient‐reported outcomes in randomized controlled trials to support clinical decision‐making
Authors: Van Hemelrijck Mieke , Sparano Francesco , Moris Lisa , Beyer Katharina , Cottone Francesco , Sprangers Mirjam , Efficace Fabio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundGiven the growing importance of patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) as part of “big data” in improving patient care, there is a need to provide a state‐of‐the‐art picture of the added value of using PROs in prostate cancer (PCa) randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We aimed to synthetize the most recent high‐quality PRO evidence‐based knowledge from PCa RCTs and to examine whether quality of PRO reporting in PCa research improved over time.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature search using PubMed, from April 2012 until February 2019. For benchmarking purposes, we also included RCTs identified in our previously published review of RCTs (2004‐2012). Methodology for study identification and evaluation followed standardized criteria and a predefined data extraction form was used to abstract information. PRO quality of the studies was evaluated using the International Society of Quality of Life Research (ISOQOL) recommended criteria.ResultsA total of 55 new RCTs were published between April 2012 and February 2019. About 24 (43.6%) RCTs were found to be of high‐quality regarding PRO assessments. Of these, 13 (54.2%) have been reported in the most recent European Association of Urology (EAU) PCa Guidelines. Overall QoL and sexual, urinary, and bowel function were the most commonly reported PROs. FACT‐P, EPIC‐26, and EORTC QLQ‐C30 and/or its module PR25 were most frequently used as measurement tools. An overall improvement in the completeness of PRO reporting was noted over time.ConclusionMany PRO trials are currently not included in the EAU guidelines. Our findings suggest that there has to be a better consensus on the use of PRO data for PCa patients, which will then be reflected in the PCa Guidelines and future data collection. Homogeneity in PROs collection and measurement tools will in turn enable “big data” Consortia to increase the patients’ voice in clinical research.
IDH1 and IDH2 mutations in lung adenocarcinomas: Evidences of subclonal evolution
Authors: Rodriguez Erika F. , De Marchi Federico , Lokhandwala Parvez M. , Belchis Deborah , Xian Rena , Gocke Christopher D. , Eshleman James R. , Illei Peter , Li Ming‐Tseh 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundSelective IDH1 and IDH2 inhibitors have been approved for targeted therapy of acute myeloid leukemia. Clinical trials for solid tumors with IDH1 and IDH2 (IDH1/2) mutations are ongoing. Reports of IDH1/2‐mutated non–small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs), however, are limited.MethodsWe evaluated IDH1/2 mutations in 1,924 NSCLC specimens (92% adenocarcinoma) using a next‐generation sequencing assay.ResultsRetrospective quality assessments identified false detection of IDH1 c.395G>A (p.R132H) resulting from cytosine deamination (C:G→T:A) artifact in one specimen. IDH1/2 mutations were detected in 9 (0.5%) adenocarcinomas taken by fine‐needle aspiration (n = 3), thoracentesis (n = 2) or core biopsy (n = 4). All nine adenocarcinomas showed high‐grade features. Extensive clear cell change, however, was not observed. High expression (50% or greater) of PD‐L1 was observed in two of five specimens examined. IDH1/2 mutations were associated with old age, smoking history, and coexisting KRAS mutation. Lower than expected variant allele frequency of IDH1/2 mutants and coexistence of IDH1/2 mutations with known trunk drivers in the BRAF, EGFR, and KRAS genes suggest they could be branching drivers leading to subclonal evolution in lung adenocarcinomas. Multiregional analysis of an adenocarcinoma harboring two IDH2 mutations revealed parallel evolution originating from a KRAS‐mutated lineage, further supporting subclonal evolution promoted by IDH1/2 mutations.ConclusionsIDH1/2 mutations in NSCLCs are uncommon. They occur in adenocarcinomas with high‐grade features and may be branching drivers leading to subclonal evolution. Accumulation of more IDH1/2‐mutated NSCLCs is needed to clarify their clinicopathological characteristics and implications for targeted therapy.
Bcl‐2/Bcl‐xl inhibitor APG‐1252‐M1 is a promising therapeutic strategy for gastric carcinoma
Authors: Yi Hanjie , Qiu Miao‐Zhen , Yuan Luping , Luo Qiuyun , Pan Wentao , Zhou Suna , Zhang Lin , Yan Xianglei , Yang Da‐Jun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGastric carcinoma is the third major cause of cancer‐related death in China. Bcl‐2 and other BH3 family proteins are critically important in the process of apoptosis pathway, which may be a promising target. APG‐1252‐M1 specifically connects to Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xl. The antitumor effect of APG‐1252‐M1 in six gastric cancer cells was identified by the Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay. The expression level of proapoptotic proteins was evaluated by Western blot. Meanwhile, the cell cycle and apoptosis distributions were analyzed by flow cytometry and JC‐1. Xenograft models were used to investigate the roles of APG‐1252‐M1 in suppressing the growth of tumors and enhancing the chemotherapy antitumor effect. The antitumor effect of APG‐1252‐M1 was time‐ and dose‐dependent and acted by initiating apoptosis. The change of cell cycle distribution was not discovered in gastric cancer cells treated with APG‐1252‐M1. APG‐1252‐M1 also exhibited synergy with chemotherapy in vivo. The combined group inhibited xenograft tumor growth more obviously than the other groups. Moreover, Ki‐67 was remarkably decreased in the combination group compared to other groups. In conclusion, APG‐1252‐M1 had a strong antitumor effect by inducing apoptosis and was synergistic with chemotherapy.
Antioxidant, Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Activity of Chitosan Preparations Extracted from Ganoderma Lucidum Mushroom
Authors: Savin Simona , Craciunescu Oana , Oancea Anca , Ilie Daniela , Ciucan Teodora , Antohi Loredana Stefania , Toma Agnes , Nicolescu Alina , Deleanu Calin , Oancea Florin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTwo chitosan extracts were prepared by chemical and enzymatic treatment of Ganoderma lucidum mushroom, as an alternative source to crustacean shells. The molecular weight of the enzymatic extract was lower than that of the chemical one and of shrimp chitosan, as determined by viscosity measurements. Characteristic signals were identified in the 1H‐NMR spectra and high deacetylation degree indicated good physico‐chemical properties for both mushroom chitosan extracts. The scavenging capacity of mushroom chitosan extracts was moderate against the synthetic radicals of 2,2′‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), but higher values were observed for the enzymatic extract, compared to the chemical extract and shrimp chitosan. In vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated in L929 mouse fibroblast cell lines and the results of MTT assay showed good cytocompatibility in the tested range of concentrations. The growth of Gram‐positive bacteria was inhibited more than Gram‐negative bacteria in the presence of mushroom chitosan extracts, in particular by the chemical one, indicating their efficiency as antimicrobial agents. All these results strengthen the evidence of mushroom polysaccharide preparations availability for biomedical applications.
Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Eudesmane‐Type Sesquiterpenoids from Artemisia argyi
Authors: Zhang Lai‐Bin , Nie Xiao‐Na , Chang Jia‐Jing , Wang Feng‐Long , Lü Jie‐Li 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSix new eudesmane‐type sesquiterpene derivatives, artemargyinins A–F were isolated from the leaves of Artemisia argyi. Their structures were elucidated based on the extensive analysis of spectroscopic data. Artemargyinins A–F feature a lactone ring‐opening eudesmane‐type sesquiterpene with an isoprenoid group at C(8). All compounds were tested for their inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide‐induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 macrophages. Artemargyinins A–F showed more potent NO production inhibitory activity with IC50 values ranging from 7.66±0.53 to 61.19±2.54 μM than the positive control quercetin (IC50=74.34±1.39 μM). Among them, artemargyinins C and D exhibited strong inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 8.08±0.21 and 7.66±0.53 μM, respectively.
The impact of coronary perforation in percutaneous interventions involving the left main stem coronary artery in the United Kingdom 2007–2014: Insights from the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society database
Authors: Hussain Hussain I. , Protty Majd B. , Gallagher Sean , Al‐Raisi Sara , Aldalati Omar , Farooq Vasim , Sharp Andrew S. P. , Anderson Richard , Kinnaird Tim 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundPercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is increasingly utilized for treatment of coronary disease involving the unprotected left main stem (ULMS). However, no studies to date have examined the outcomes of such interventions when complicated by coronary perforation (CP).MethodsUsing the British Cardiovascular Intervention society (BCIS) database, data were analyzed on all ULMS‐PCI procedures complicated by CP in England and Wales between 2007 and 2014. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify predictors of ULMS CP and to evaluate the association between this complication and outcomes.ResultsDuring 10,373 ULMS‐PCI procedures, CP occurred more frequently than in non‐ULMS‐PCI (0.9 vs. 0.4%, p < .001) with a stable annual incidence. Covariates associated with CP included number of stents used, female gender, use of rotational atherectomy and chronic total occlusion (CTO) intervention. Adjusted odds of adverse outcomes for ULMS‐PCI complicated by CP were higher for peri‐procedural complications including cardiogenic shock, tamponade, side‐branch loss, DC cardioversion, in‐hospital major bleeding, transfusion requirement, and peri‐procedural myocardial infarction. There were also significantly increased odds for in‐hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACCE, OR 8.961, 95% CI [4.902–16.383]) and 30‐day mortality (OR 5.301, 95% CI [2.741–10.251]).ConclusionsCP is an infrequent event during ULMS‐PCI and is predicted by female gender, rotational atherectomy, CTO interventions or number of stents used. CP was associated with significantly higher odds of mortality and morbidity, but at rates similar to previously published all‐comer PCI complicated by CP.
Clinical outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in nonagenarians from the optimized catheter valvular intervention‐TAVI registry
Authors: Noguchi Masahiko , Tabata Minoru , Obunai Kotaro , Shibayama Kentaro , Ito Joji , Watanabe Hiroyuki , Yashima Fumiaki , Watanabe Yusuke , Naganuma Toru , Araki Motoharu , Yamanaka Futoshi , Shirai Shinichi , Ueno Hiroshi , Mizutani Kazuki , Higashimori Akihiro , Takagi Kensuke , Tada Norio , Yamamoto Masanori , Hayashida Kentaro 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate 30‐day and 2‐year clinical outcomes, and predictors of 2‐year mortality in nonagenarians undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).BackgroundTAVI has been applied to nonagenarians. However, sufficient clinical data in nonagenarians who could benefit from TAVI are limited.MethodsWe evaluated the data from the optimized catheter valvular intervention‐TAVI registry. Clinical outcomes were compared between patients' age ≥90 years and age <90 years. Predictive factors of 2‐year mortality were assessed by multivariable Cox regression analyses.ResultsFrom October 2013 to May 2017, a total of 375 nonagenarians (age ≥90 years) and 2,213 younger patients (age <90 years) were included. Although nonagenarians had a higher surgical risk score, 30‐day clinical outcomes were similar between two groups. There were no significant differences in 2‐year mortality (22.0% vs. 17.3%; p = .11) and stroke (5.5% vs. 3.9%; p = .31); however, 2‐year heart failure readmission was higher in nonagenarians (13.3% vs. 9.0%; p = .03). After adjusting covariates, age ≥90 years was not independent predictor for 2‐year outcomes. In nonagenarians, female sex (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.26–0.74; p = .002), chronic kidney disease grade ≥4 (HR = 2.14; 95% CI = 1.21–3.64; p = .01), and Clinical Frailty Scale ≥4 (HR = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.02–3.42; p = .04) were independently associated with 2‐year mortality.ConclusionsClinical outcomes of TAVI in selected nonagenarians were favorable. Severe renal dysfunction and frailty may be important factors to predict mid‐term mortality after TAVI in nonagenarians.
Comparison of post‐stent optical coherence tomography findings: Layered versus non‐layered culprit lesions
Authors: Kurihara Osamu , Shinohara Hiroki , Kim Hyung Oh , Russo Michele , Araki Makoto , Nakajima Akihiro , Lee Hang , Takano Masamichi , Mizuno Kyoichi , Komuro Issei , Jang Ik‐Kyung 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the vascular response of lesions with a layered phenotype.BackgroundRecent studies have shown that layered plaques at culprit lesions detected by optical coherence tomography (OCT) have greater plaque burden and more inflammatory features than non‐layered plaques.MethodsThis is a retrospective observational study. A total of 193 target lesions from 193 patients [100 patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and 93 with stable angina pectoris (SAP)] who had undergone OCT imaging of the culprit lesion both before and after stenting were included. Layered plaques were identified by OCT as plaques with layers of different optical density. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of a layered phenotype at the culprit lesion, and pre‐ and post‐procedure OCT findings were compared.ResultsAmong 193 patients, 36 (36.0%) lesions in ACS patients and 56 (60.2%) lesions in SAP patients were found to have a layered phenotype at the culprit lesion. At baseline, percent area stenosis was greater in layered plaque than in non‐layered plaque (p = .019). Following stent implantation, the stent expansion ratio and mean stent eccentricity index were significantly lower in layered plaques than in non‐layered plaques (p = .041, p = .017, respectively), mainly derived from ACS patients.ConclusionFollowing stent implantation, plaques with a layered phenotype had less stent expansion and more eccentric lumens. Aggressive balloon dilation may be required to obtain optimal stent outcomes in patients with a layered plaque phenotype at the culprit lesion.
Covalent Immobilization of Naringinase over Two‐Dimensional 2D Zeolites and its Applications in a Continuous Process to Produce Citrus Flavonoids and for Debittering of Juices
Authors: Carceller Jose Miguel , Martínez Galán Julián Paul , Monti Rubens , Bassan Juliana Cristina , Filice Marco , Yu Jihong , Climent María J. , Iborra Sara , Corma Avelino 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe crude naringinase from Penicillium decumbens and a purified naringinase with high α‐L‐rhamnosidase activity could be covalently immobilized on two‐dimensional zeolite ITQ‐2 after surface modification with glutaraldehyde. The influence of pH and temperature on the enzyme activity (in free and immobilized forms) as well as the thermal stability were determined using the specific substrate: p‐nitrophenyl‐alpha‐L‐rhamnopyranoside (Rha‐pNP). The crude and purified naringinase supported on ITQ‐2 were applied in the hydrolysis of naringin, giving the flavonoids naringenin and prunin respectively with a conversion >90 % and excellent selectivity. The supported enzymes showed long term stability, being possible to perform up to 25 consecutive cycles without loss of activity, showing its high potential to produce the valuable citrus flavonoids prunin and naringenin. We have also succeeded in the application of the immobilized crude naringinase on ITQ‐2 for debittering grapefruit juices in a continuous process that was maintained operating for 300 h, with excellent results.
Black Phosphorus/Hollow Porous Carbon for High Rate Performance Lithium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Zhou Shijie , Li Jia , Fu Licai , Zhu Jiajun , Yang Wulin , Li Deyi , Zhou Lingping 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBlack phosphorus (BP) has received wide attention due to its high theoretical capacity (2596 mAh g−1) and good electron mobility, but its cyclic stability is poor. Meanwhile, it can be complementary to carbon material, which has low theoretical capacity but good cycle stability. In this work, we use solvothermal reaction to modify hard carbon materials with black phosphorous (BP). When used as anode material for lithium‐ion batteries, the composite will show a higher specific capacity, cyclic stability and rate performance. It shows a high reversible capacity of 350 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 1000 mA g−1 current density. But for pure carbon, it only shows a general reversible capacity of 180 mAh g−1. Here, the lower content of black phosphorous and the use of hard carbon materials make the material more economically advantageous. And it can be used as an ideal material for cycling at high currents in the future.
Herbage mass, botanical composition, forage nutritive value, and preference of grass–legume pastures under horse grazing
Authors: DeBoer Michelle L. , Grev Amanda M. , Sheaffer Craig C. , Wells M. Scott , Martinson Krishona L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCool‐season perennial grasses are the foundation of productive horse pastures in the north‐central United States. The addition of legumes in pastures can increase forage mass and digestible energy content, yet little research has investigated grass–legume pastures under horse grazing. The objectives of this research were to evaluate herbage mass, botanical composition, forage nutritive value, and preference of grass–legume pastures under horse grazing. Plots consisting of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), and meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) were planted in monoculture and in binary mixtures with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) or white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and grazed by horses in Minnesota during the 2013, 2014, and 2015 grazing seasons. Herbage mass, weed mass, and forage nutritive values were determined prior to grazing, and horse preference was evaluated following grazing. When evaluating herbage mass, the inclusion of alfalfa resulted in a consistently higher mass than grass monoculture. Kentucky bluegrass mixtures resulted in a decreased mass of non‐sown (weed) species and an increase in horse preference. Improved forage nutritive values were also observed with the inclusion of legumes regardless of grass species, including higher crude protein and neutral detergent fiber digestibility at 48 h and lower neutral detergent fiber. As a result, using grass–legume mixtures in pastures can provide benefits for grazing horses and pasture productivity.
pH‐Dependent Slipping and Exfoliation of Layered Covalent Organic Framework
Authors: Ahmed Saud Asif , Liao Qiao‐Bo , Shen Qi , Ashraf Baig Mirza Muhammad Faran , Zhou Juan , Shi Cai‐Feng , Muhammad Pir , Hanif Sumaira , Xi Kai , Xia Xing‐Hua , Wang Kang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLayered/two‐dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COF) are crystalline porous materials composed of light elements linked by strong covalent bonds. Interlayer force is one of the main factors directing the formation of a stacked layer structure, which plays a vital role in the stability, crystallinity, and porosity of layered COFs. The as‐developed new way to modulate the interlayer force of imine‐linked 2D TAPB‐PDA‐COF (TAPB = 1,3,5‐tris(4‐aminophenyl)benzene, PDA = terephthaldehyde) by only adjusting the pH of the solution. At alkaline and neutral pH, the pore size of the COF decreases from 34 Å due to the turbostratic effect. Under highly acidic conditions (pH 1), TAPB‐PDA‐COF shows a faster and stronger turbostratic effect, thus causing the 2D structure to exfoliate. This yields bulk quantities of an exfoliated few/single‐layer 2D COF, which was well dispersed and displayed a clear Tyndall effect (TE). Furthermore, nanopipette‐based electrochemical testing also confirms the slipping of layers with increase towards acidic pH. A model of pH‐dependent layer slipping of TAPB‐PDA‐COF was proposed. This controllable pH‐dependent change in the layer structure may open a new door for potential applications in controlled gas adsorption/desorption and drug loading/releasing.
Multi‐stage intelligent operation optimization for a hydrocracking fractionation system with a multi‐fractionator series‐parallel structure
Authors: Wang Yalin , Sun Jiazhou , Sun Bei , Xue Yongfei , Shang Dandan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA fractionation system is an essential unit in the hydrocracking process. Its optimal operation is challenging because of the complexity in the structure of the distillation tower and composition of the stream. In addition, the series‐parallel structure between the distillation towers of different techniques aggravates the coupling and complexity of the hydrocracking fractionation system (HFS). This, in turn, increases the time complexity of the optimization problem. In this paper, a rigorous mechanism model of an actual HFS is first applied to describe the operating conditions of the HFS. Then, an improved state transition algorithm (STA) with a staged evaluation strategy is proposed to solve the above problem. To overcome problems caused by the series‐parallel structure of HFS, the model is divided into multiple stages for evaluation by mechanism analysis. Furthermore, several typical convergence estimation criteria are introduced to reduce unnecessary model calculations. To solve time‐consuming problems associated with HFS optimization, the adaptive change operator is used to improve the search function of the original algorithm and two performance criteria are presented to reduce the optimization time. The proposed algorithm is successfully applied to the operational parameter optimization problem of HFS with a multi‐fractionator series‐parallel structure. The experimental results indicated that the staged evaluation strategy improved the fast convergence probability of the HFS mechanism model and reduced unnecessary calculations, whereas the improved algorithm increased accuracy and significantly decreased optimization time.
Adaptive and transparent task scheduling of GPU‐powered clusters
Authors: Ci Qingyu , Li Hourong , Yang Shuwei , Gao Jin 
Published: April 2020

SummaryGPGPU‐powered supercomputers are vital for various science and engineering applications. On each cluster node, the GPU works as a coprocessor of the CPU, and the computing task runs alternatively on CPU and GPU. Due to this characteristic, traditional task scheduling strategy tends to result in significant workload imbalance and underutilization of GPUs. We design an adaptive scheduling strategy to alleviate such imbalance and underutilization. Our strategy proposes to logically treats all GPUs in the cluster as a whole. Every cluster node maintains a local information table of all GPUs. Once a GPU call request is received, a node selects a GPU to run the task in an adaptive manner based on this table. In addition, our strategy does not rely on a global queue, and thus avoids excessive internode communication overhead. Moreover, we encapsulate our strategy into an intermedia module between the cluster and users. Consequently, underlying details of task scheduling is transparent to users, which enhances usability. We validate our strategy through experiments.