bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phototropic Multiresponsive Active Nanogels
Authors: Otsuka Issei , Zhang Xuewei , Winnik Françoise M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAqueous dispersions of nanogels that respond to switches in environmental pH and/or temperature by changes in their hydrodynamic radius (Rh) and/or ζ‐potential are prepared by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) polymerization‐induced thermal (70 °C) self‐assembly (PITSA) of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) in the presence of a poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA)‐substituted macromolecular chain transfer agent and a cross‐linker. Photochromic spiropyran (SP) moieties are coupled to the carboxylic acid groups of the nanogels. Upon UV irradiation, the neutral SP isomerizes to the zwitterionic merocyanine (ME) form. Upon UV light irradiation, microgels formed by assembly of SP nanogels undergo a collective motion toward the UV‐light source.
Retina Thickness as a Marker of Neurodegeneration in Prodromal Lewy Body Disease
Authors: Lee Jee‐Young , Ahn Jeeyun , Oh Sohee , Shin Joo Young , Kim Yu Kyeong , Nam Hyunwoo , Jeon Beomseok 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesWe investigated retinal change and its relationship with neurodegeneration markers in a prodromal Parkinson cohort.MethodsA total of 30 patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder were recruited. Participants underwent olfactory testing, macular optical coherence tomography, microperimetry, contrast sensitivity test, and brain N‐(3‐[18F]fluoropropyl)‐2‐carbomethoxy‐3‐(4‐iodophenyl) nortropane positron emission tomography. We measured the ganglion cell complex thicknesses and investigated its correlation with olfactory function and striatal dopamine transporter availability. A linear mixed‐effect model was applied with adjustment for multiple comparisons.ResultsThe parafoveal ganglion‐cell‐complex thickness in this cohort lay between our healthy control and drug‐naïve Parkinson's disease group data. Idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder patients also had contrast sensitivity impairment as in Parkinson's disease with a nonsignificant change in macular sensitivities. Macular ganglion cell complex thickness correlated with olfactory scores and with striatal dopamine transporter availabilities.ConclusionsMacular ganglion cell complex thinning may be a marker of neurodegeneration in prodromal Parkinson's disease. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Improved Kinetic Rate Constants for Nylon 6, Nylon 6,6, and Nylon 6/6,6 Copolymer
Authors: Liu Fei F. , McAuley Kim B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNylon 6 and 6,6 literature data are collected over a wide range of water concentrations and temperatures (0 ≤ [W]0 ≤ 40.8 wt%, 200 ≤ T ≤300 °C) and used to fit parameters in an updated batch reactor model. The resulting copolymerization model uses side reactions to account for the complex influence of water on kinetics and reaction equilibria. The proposed parameter estimates result in a significant improvement in the fit to the data, corresponding to a 73% reduction in the weighted‐least‐squares objective function compared to when the parameters of Arai et al. are used. Copolymerization simulations are conducted at industrially relevant conditions, shedding light on the complex influence of water and on the potential to include waste nylon 6 cyclic dimer in the feedstock. The model and parameter estimates will be helpful in future models of nylon 6/6,6 copolymerization in continuous reactor systems.
Cystic fibrosis in Turkey: First data from the national registry
Authors: Dogru Deniz , Çakır Erkan , Şişmanlar Tuğba , Çobanoğlu Nazan , Pekcan Sevgi , Cinel Güzin , Yalçın Ebru , Kiper Nural , Şen Velat , S. Şen Hadice , Ercan Ömür , Keskin Özlem , B. Eltan Sevgi , Al Shadfan Lina M. , Yazan Hakan , Altıntaş Derya U. , Şaşihüseyinoğlu Şenay , Sapan Nihat , Çekiç Şükrü , Çokuğraş Haluk , A. Kılınç Ayşe , R. Gürsoy Tuğba , Aslan Ayşe T. , Bingöl Ayşen , Başaran Abdurrahman E. , Özdemir Ali , Köse Mehmet , Hangül Melih , Emiralioğlu Nagehan , Tuğcu Gökçen , Yüksel Hasan , Yılmaz Özge , Orhan Fazıl , Gayretli Aydın Zeynep G. , Topal Erdem , Tamay Zeynep , Süleyman Ayşe , Can Demet , Bal Cem M. , Çaltepe Gönül , Özçelik Uğur 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundCystic fibrosis (CF) care has been implemented in Turkey for a long time; however, there had been no patient registry. For this purpose, the Turkish National CF Registry was established. We present the first results of registry using data collected in 2017.MethodsThe data were collected using a data‐entry software system, which was accessed from the internet. Demographic and annually recorded data consisted of 15 and 79 variables, respectively.ResultsThere were 1170 patients registered from 23 centers; the estimated coverage rate was 30%. The median age at diagnosis was 1.7 years (median current age: 7.3 years); 51 (4.6%) patients were aged over 18 years. Among 293 patients who were under 3 years of age, 240 patients (81.9%) were diagnosed through newborn screening. Meconium ileus was detected in 65 (5.5%) patients. Genotyping was performed in 978 (87.4%) patients and 246 (25.2%) patients' mutations were unidentified. The most common mutation was deltaF508 with an allelic frequency of 28%, followed by N1303K (4.9%). The median FEV1% predicted was 86. Chronic colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was seen in 245 patients. The most common complication was pseudo‐Bartter syndrome in 120 patients. The median age of death was 13.5 years in a total of 15 patients.ConclusionsLow coverage rate, lack of genotyping, unidentified mutations, and missing data of lung functions are some of our greatest challenges. Including data of all centers and reducing missing data will provide more accurate data and help to improve the CF care in Turkey in the future.
Bond Strain and Rotation Behaviors of Anharmonic Thermal Carriers in ‐RDX
Authors: Kumar Gaurav , VanGessel Francis G. , Chung Peter W. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we examine how bond strain and rotation carry heat in the molecular crystal α‐RDX. We calculate anharmonic lifetimes and then rank order the phonons and their distortions to the lattice by their importance as carriers of thermal energy. The motions of the atoms that constitute the strain and rotation are determined using the phonon mode energy and mode shapes under the harmonic approximation. To draw the distinction between propagating and diffusive carriers, we additionally compare the thermal conductivity estimates from three microscale models: phonon gas model, Cahill‐Watson‐Pohl formula and Allen‐Feldman harmonic theory. We found that the modes that contribute substantially to the thermal conductivity are also the dominant contributors to the strain and rotation of all bonds in
‐RDX, among which N−N and N−O bonds were found to exhibit the largest strains and rotations. We also found that on average, the N−N bonds exhibit the largest deformation,
more strain and
more rotation than N−O bonds. Our calculations confirm that large straining of the N−N and N−O bonds results from relatively larger displacement of the nitrogen atom in the nitro group −NO2.
Linking extreme precipitation in Southeast Asia to equatorial waves
Authors: Ferrett Samantha , Yang Gui‐Ying , Woolnough Steven J. , Methven John , Hodges Kevin , Holloway Christopher E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEquatorially trapped waves, such as Kelvin Waves, Equatorial Rossby Waves and Westward‐moving Mixed Rossby–Gravity (WMRG) Waves, play a major role in organising tropical convection on synoptic to sub‐seasonal time‐scales. These waves have the potential to provide an important source of predictability for high‐impact weather in Southeast (SE) Asia and the Tropics more widely. To aid understanding of the role played in high‐impact weather by such waves, the observed statistical relationship between identified equatorial waves and heavy rainfall in SE Asia is examined for the period 1998–2016. Increases in the amount of precipitation and the likelihood of extreme precipitation in SE Asia are linked to all three types of waves that are included in analysis; Kelvin, equatorial Rossby and WMRG waves. There is both increased mean rainfall and increased probability of occurrence of heavy rainfall on days when high‐amplitude waves propagate over SE Asia. In particular, heavy precipitation can be up to three times more likely in regions of SE Asia during equatorial waves, including Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines. Kelvin waves have a large influence on heavy rainfall over Indonesia, WMRG and Kelvin waves impact Malaysia rainfall, and equatorial Rossby and WMRG waves are linked to increased rainfall over the Philippines. Based on this study it can be concluded that the probability of extreme precipitation in this region is dependent on equatorial wave activity. Therefore, the skill in probabilistic prediction of extreme precipitation in SE Asia would be expected to be conditional on the skill in equatorial wave prediction, and the modelled relationship between equatorial waves and convection.
A robust S2 control chart with Tukey's and MAD outlier detectors
Authors: Abbas Nasir 
Published: November 2019

AbstractShewhart S2 control chart is one of the most commonly used tools to monitor the dispersion of a process. In this article, we evaluate the performance of S2 control chart when the unknown parameter is estimated from Phase‐I samples. Average ARL and standard deviation of ARL metrics are used to evaluate the performance. In the first stage of the study, new control limit coefficients are derived so that the average ARL is equal to the pre‐fixed ARL, ie, 370. Secondly, different proportion of outliers is contaminated into Phase‐I samples, and the resulting elevated average ARL and standard deviation of ARL are measured. Finally, the application of Tukey's outlier detector is proposed with Phase‐I samples so that the elevation caused by the outliers can be controlled and the average ARL can be pulled back close to the pre‐fixed ARL. For illustration, the proposed procedures are applied to a data on compressive strength of parts manufactured by an injection molding process.
Facile Preparation of BiOCl/ZnO Heterostructure with Oxygen‐Rich Vacancies and Its Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Liu Xingqi , Xu Haiming , Li Dongya , Zou Zhongwei , Xia Dongsheng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPhotocatalysis is an effective technique for degrading contaminants, however, its effect is inhibited by the high recombination rate of photo‐induced carriers in the photocatalyst. Therefore, this drawback can be overcome by defect engineering (such as oxygen vacancies) and heterostructure, which can expand light response as well as promote the separation and migration of photo‐induced carriers. Herein, BiOCl/ZnO nanocomposite was successfully synthesized by microwave strategy. Experimental results indicated that tetracycline hydrochloride (TC‐HCl, 100 mg/L) was decomposed 90% in 60 min by BiOCl/ZnO heterostructure under visible light, which is 3.34 and 1.08 times higher than that of pristine BiOCl and ZnO, respectively. Various characterizations demonstrated that oxygen vacancy and heterostructures not only extend the light response range but also improve the separation and migration efficiency of photo‐induced carriers, and thereby BiOCl/ZnO heterostructure exhibit excellent photocatalytic performance under vis‐light. This work paves a new way to decorate wide band gap photocatalyst by point defect and heterostructures, and provides a good reference for its application.
3D Printed Tubulanes as Lightweight Hypervelocity Impact Resistant Structures
Authors: Sajadi Seyed Mohammad , Woellner Cristiano F. , Ramesh Prathyush , Eichmann Shannon L. , Sun Qiushi , Boul Peter J. , Thaemlitz Carl J. , Rahman Muhammad M. , Baughman Ray H. , Galvão Douglas S. , Tiwary Chandra Sekhar , Ajayan Pulickel M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLightweight materials with high ballistic impact resistance and load‐bearing capabilities are regarded as a holy grail in materials design. Nature builds these complementary properties into materials using soft organic materials with optimized, complex geometries. Here, the compressive deformation and ballistic impact properties of three different 3D printed polymer structures, named tubulanes, are reported, which are the architectural analogues of cross‐linked carbon nanotubes. The results show that macroscopic tubulanes are remarkable high load‐bearing, hypervelocity impact‐resistant lightweight structures. They exhibit a lamellar deformation mechanism, arising from the tubulane ordered pore structure, manifested across multiple length scales from nano to macro dimensions. This approach of using complex geometries inspired by atomic and nanoscale models to generate macroscale printed structures allows innovative morphological engineering of materials with tunable mechanical responses.
In Situ Ag Nanoparticles Reinforced Pseudo‐Zn–Air Reaction Boosting Ag2V4O11 as High‐Performance Cathode Material for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Qian , Liu Yuyi , Ma Kaixuan , Yang Gongzheng , Wang Chengxin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs), which are low‐cost and environmentally friendly, have been regarded feasible for large‐scale energy storage. But the widespread application of AZIBs is hindered by lack of suitable cathode materials with high capacity and long cycle life. The zinc‐storage mechanisms, especially the formation of basic zinc salt (BZS), are still unclear. Here, Ag2V4O11 is developed as a cathode material for AZIBs, which delivers a specific capacity of 213 mA h g−1 and excellent cycling performance (93% capacity retention after 6000 cycles). The reversible formation/decomposition of BZS and reduction/oxidation of metallic Ag are ascertained during the insertion/extraction of Zn(H2O)62+. Remarkably, the phase composition of BZS in Zn(CF3SO3)2‐based electrolyte is identified first. The role of in situ formed Ag nanoparticles is simulated by employing the commercial Ag nanoparticles as an additive into the V2O5‐based electrodes. The introduction of Ag significantly improves the specific capacity (at least 50% improvement) and accordingly it is proposed that the pseudo‐Zn–air reaction (oxygen reduction reaction‐like redox reaction happens on material surface in a closed system) promotes the electrochemical performance of Ag2V4O11. This work reveals the BZS rather than unknown new phases on the electrode surface and puts forward a possible way in raising electrochemical properties by utilizing the pseudo‐Zn–air reaction.
Revealing the Critical Factor in Metal Sulfide Anode Performance in Sodium‐Ion Batteries: An Investigation of Polysulfide Shuttling Issues
Authors: Hu Mingxiang , Ju Zhengyu , Bai Zhongchao , Yu Kang , Fang Zhiwei , Lv Ruitao , Yu Guihua 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMetal sulfides are a class of promising anodes for sodium‐ion batteries with high theoretical capacities. However, the properties of intrinsic metal sulfide anodes usually decay rapidly at initial cycling of batteries. Previously, it was believed that the low conductivity and volume expansion of metal sulfides lead to the poor performance. Here, using in situ batteries followed by the assistance of spectral analysis, it is shown that the polysulfide shuttling effect is one of the crucial factors for the degradation of metal sulfide anodes beyond traditional consensus of low conductivity and volume expansion. Furthermore, a novel strategy by controlling the dissolution of sodium polysulfides in selected electrolyte is proposed to enable intrinsic metal sulfides to work stably in polysulfide‐insoluble fluoroethylene carbonate electrolyte, which would decay fast in polysulfide‐soluble propylene carbonate electrolyte. This work has deepened the understanding of electrochemical reaction mechanisms of metal sulfide anodes and expanded the strategies to optimize the electrochemical performance of metal sulfides anodes.
Assessment of impact of α‐Fe2O3 and γ‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles on phytoplankton species Selenastrum capricornutum and Nannochloropsis oculata
Authors: Ates Mehmet , Cimen Isil C. C. , Unal Ilkay , Kutlu Banu , Ertit Tastan Burcu , Danabas Durali , Aksu Onder , Arslan Zikri 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this study, the impact of alpha‐iron oxide (α‐Fe2O3, 20‐40 nm) and gamma iron oxide (γ‐Fe2O3, 20‐40 nm) nanoparticles (NPs) on phytoplankton species Selenastrum capricornutum and Nannochloropsis oculata was investigated Characterizations of the NPs were systematically carried out by TEM, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, X‐ray diffraction, SEM, and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy. Acute toxicity was tested between 0.2 and 50 mg/L for each NP for a period of 72 hours exposure. γ‐Fe2O3 NP inhibited development of N oculata at the rate of 54% in 0.2 mg/L group with a high mortality rate of up to 82%. α‐Fe2O3 NPs were less toxic that induced 97% mortality on N oculata at 10 mg/L suspensions. In contrast, α‐Fe2O3 NP inhibited growth of S capricornutum strongly (73%) in 0.2 mg/L group. γ‐Fe2O3 NPs showed similar growth inhibition (72%) on S capricornutum in 10 mg/L suspensions. Despite the differential effects, the results indicated acute toxicity of α‐Fe2O3 and γ‐Fe2O3 NPs on N oculata and S capricornutum.
Quantum K-theory of Calabi-Yau manifolds
Authors: Jockers Hans , Mayr Peter 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The disk partition function of certain 3d N = 2 supersymmetric gauge theories computes a quantum K-theoretic ring for Kähler manifolds X. We study the 3d gauge theory/quantum K-theory correspondence for global and local Calabi-Yau manifolds with several K¨ahler moduli. We propose a multi-cover formula that relates the 3d BPS world- volume degeneracies computed by quantum K-theory to Gopakumar-Vafa invariants.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease: assessing the evidence for causality
Authors: Brouwers Martijn C. G. J. , Simons Nynke , Stehouwer Coen D. A. , Isaacs Aaron 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent among individuals with type 2 diabetes. Although epidemiological studies have shown that NAFLD is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), it remains unknown whether NAFLD is an active contributor or an innocent bystander. Plasma lipids, low-grade inflammation, impaired fibrinolysis and hepatokines are potential mediators of the relationship between NAFLD and CVD. The Mendelian randomisation approach can help to make causal inferences. Studies that used common variants in PNPLA3, TM6SF2 and GCKR as instruments to investigate the relationship between NAFLD and coronary artery disease (CAD) have reported contrasting results. Variants in PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 were found to protect against CAD, whereas variants in GCKR were positively associated with CAD. Since all three genes have been associated with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, the second stage of NAFLD, the question of whether low-grade inflammation is an important mediator of the relationship between NAFLD and CAD arises. In contrast, the differential effects of these genes on plasma lipids (i.e. lipid-lowering for PNPLA3 and TM6SF2, and lipid-raising for GCKR) strongly suggest that plasma lipids account for their differential effects on CAD risk. This concept has recently been confirmed in an extended set of 12 NAFLD susceptibility genes. From these studies it appears that plasma lipids are an important mediator between NAFLD and CVD risk. These findings have important clinical implications, particularly for the design of anti-NAFLD drugs that also affect lipid metabolism.
Surgeon‐Performed Vacuum‐Assisted Biopsy of the Breast: Results from a Multicentre Australian Study
Authors: Bennett Ian , de Viana Daniel , Law Michael , Saboo Apoorva 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundImage‐guided interventional techniques such as vacuum‐assisted biopsy are being increasingly utilised in the diagnosis and management of breast conditions. The purpose of this study was to report the outcome of a series of vacuum‐assisted biopsies and vacuum‐assisted excisions performed by specialist breast surgeons in a largely outpatient setting.MethodsAn Australian multicentre trial of ultrasound‐guided surgeon‐performed vacuum‐assisted biopsy (VAB) and vacuum‐assisted excision (VAE) of breast lesions was conducted involving three surgeons in three participating centres. VAEs were performed for presumed or proven benign breast lesions only.ResultsA total of 225 surgeon‐performed ultrasound‐guided vacuum‐assisted procedures were undertaken in 197 patients. Of the 225 VAB procedures, 51 (22.7%) were performed as diagnostic cores and 174 (77.3%) were undertaken as core excisions. Of the 174 VAE procedures undertaken with intent of completely excising the lesion, successful excision of the lesion was achieved in 165 of these cases (94.8%), with complete excision being judged by the absence of any lesion seen on ultrasound following the procedure or the absence of the lesion on a subsequent interval ultrasound examination. A total of 199 procedures were performed in the outpatients setting under local anaesthesia, and 26 procedures were performed in an operating theatre setting under neurolept anaesthesia. The average size of lesions was 19.3 mm in the diagnostic core group and 10.6 mm in the core excision group. The average time for either procedure was approximately 14 min.ConclusionSpecialist breast surgeons familiar with ultrasound can be readily upskilled to perform vacuum‐assisted procedures safely and expeditiously. VAE represents a minimally invasive method of breast lesion management and is a technique with which breast surgeons should become adept.
Development of a Visual Analytics Tool for Polytrauma Patients: Proof of Concept for a New Assessment Tool Using a Multiple Layer Sankey Diagram in a Single‐Center Database
Authors: Mica Ladislav , Niggli Cedric , Bak Peter , Yaeli Avi , McClain Margaret , Lawrie Charles M. , Pape Hans‐Christoph 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionEarly physiological assessment of multiple injured patients is crucial for decision making and has relied on personal experience of trauma experts. We have developed a new visual analytics tool (Sankey diagram, Watson Trauma Health care tool) that includes known prognostic parameters for polytrauma patients to help guide assessment and treatment decisions for physicians involved in trauma care.MethodsA prospectively collected trauma database of a single level I trauma center (3655 patients) was used. Inclusion criteria: age >16 years, an injury severity score (ISS) >16 and presence of a complete data set in the database. Data collected included admission values of patient age, injury scoring, shock classification, temperature, acid–base and hemostasis parameters. All of these parameters were collected daily as longitudinal parameters. Endpoints of the clinical course we considered were sepsis, SIRS and early in hospital mortality (<72 h). A proof of concept of the visualization was developed over a 2‐year period in a cooperation between physicians and engineers. Statistically, the most predictive parameters were selected by binary logistic regression and ROC analysis.ResultsA dynamic interactive multilayer Sankey diagram, based on cohort similarities, was developed in a collaboration between the University Hospital of Zurich, Department of Trauma and IBM, from August 2017 until January 2018. It is a modular tool and allows any user to add a new patient, or work with an existing case. The visualization used the data‐driven documents (D3) interactive visualization library to create a responsive graphic.ConclusionsThis application summarizes the experience of 3655 polytrauma patients and might serve as a guide for clinical decisions and educative purposes, as well as new scientific questions for the polytrauma patient.Level of evidenceIV.