bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deneysel Spinal Kord İskemi Reperfüzyon Yaralanmasında Klindamisin’in Etkileri
Authors: GÜVERCİN Ali Rıza , ARSLAN Erhan , DALTABAN İskender Samet , ALVER Ahmet , USUL Haydar 
Published: September 2020

Amaç: Bir protein sentez inhibitörü olan klindamisin, bakteriostatik etkili ve daha önce ratlarda iskemik beyin dokusunda nöroprotektif etkinliği gösterilmiş antimikrobiyal bir ajandır. Biz bu çalışmamızda klindamisinin spinal kord üzerinde nöroprotektif etkinliğini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.
Materyal metod: Çalışma için 200–300g ağırlığında 20 adet Wistar Albino rat kullanıldı. Ratlar Sham grubu (5 rat) grup 1, travma grubu (5 rat) grup 2, kontrol grup (5 rat) grup 3, ve tedavi grubu (5 rat) grup 4 olacak şekilde 4 gruba ayrıldı. Sham grubu dışındaki gruplarda laparotomi ile sol renal arter altından aort, 45 dakika süre klemplendi. Kontrol grubuna 1 cc salin ve tedavi grubuna 20 mg/kg dozunda klindamisin intraperitoneal uygulandı. Ratlar 24 saat sonunda sakrifiye edildi. T8–12 arası laminektomi sonrası spinal kordları çıkarılarak tüm dokularda MDA düzeyleri çalışıldı.
Bulgular: Sham grubu ile diğer gruplar arasında 1.saat motor skorları açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark izlendi (p=0,008). Yine 24. saatte sham grubu ile travma ve kontrol grup arasında fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı (p=0,008) fakat travma grubu ile tedavi grubu arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi (p=0,151). Grupların MDA düzeyleri Kruskal Wallis varyans analizi kullanılarak karşılaştırıldığında sonuç istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu (p=0,035). Ancak Mann Whitney U testi kullanılarak karşılaştırma yapıldığında tedavi grubu ile travma ve kontrol grupları arasındaki fark anlamlı bulunmadı.
Tartışma ve sonuç : Bu çalışmada klindamisinin spinal iskemi reperfüzyon hasarının önlenmesinde, bizim verdiğimiz doz ve sürede yeterli etkinliğe sahip olmadığı sonucuna varıldı.
Między ideą a konstrukcją. Projekty ołtarzy Jana Matejki
Authors: Ciciora Barbara 
Published: September 2020

Artykuł poświęcony jest specyficznym uwarunkowaniom i wielostronnej recepcji średniowiecznych retabulów ołtarzowych przez najwybitniejszego polskiego malarza historycznego Jana Matejkę. Recepcja polegała na kreowaniu nowych dzieł w oparciu o formy historyczne (ale nie stylowe), czerpane z realnych zabytków, nie zaś ze współczesnych wzorników architektonicznych lub rekonstrukcji dokonywanych według imaginowanej wizji stylu, co proponowali konserwatorzy tacy, jak Carl Heideloff lub Eugène-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc. Matejce pomocna była wiedza o wyglądzie realnych ołtarzy nabyta w czasie podróży krajowych i zagranicznych, odbywanych w latach młodości, oraz udział w restauracji średniowiecznych zabytków, przede wszystkim ołtarza Wita Stwosza w kościele Mariackim w Krakowie, który umożliwił mu poznanie budowy i konstrukcyjnych zagadnień związanych z budową ołtarza, szczegółów wyglądu średniowiecznych typów postaci, ich strojów, narzędzi, broni, rzemiosła, a także cech stylistycznych, zagadnienia słabo znanego środowisku dokonującemu konserwacji krakowskich zabytków. Doświadczenia te weryfikowały typ filozoficznej i emocjonalnej recepcji średniowiecza, charakterystycznej dla epoki romantyzmu, propagowany przez krakowskiego filozofa i miłośnika sztuki Józefa Kremera oraz typ oceny krytycznej względem plastyki i zagadnień typowo artystycznych, który prezentował artysta, konserwator i jeden z pierwszych historyków sztuki Władysław Łuszczkiewicz. Matejce projektowanie utrudniały niespójne poglądy konserwatorskie krakowskiego środowiska, przede wszystkim spór toczony między zwolennikami przywracania jedności stylowej zabytków (Józef Łepkowski, Władysław Łuszczkiewicz), a ich przeciwnikami, twierdzącymi, iż kryterium rozstrzygającym o poprawności restauracji jest substancja pierwotna obiektu, włącznie z nawarstwieniami stylowymi różnych epok (Piotr Michałowski, Paweł Popiel, Stanisław Tomkowicz). Twórczość Matejki lokowała się zatem pomiędzy weryfikacją idei konserwatorskich, modeli pisania o sztuce i poglądów na stylistykę zabytków minionych epok, a szczegółowymi badaniami wyglądu i cech konstrukcyjnych lokalnych obiektów. Jego wiedza i doświadczenie zdobyte na podstawie wnikliwych i krytycznych obserwacji i porównań dawnych dzieł sztuki i rzemiosła, ale pozbawione oparcia w autorytecie teorii konserwatorskiej wypracowanej przez zagranicznych historyków sztuki i architektury – podobnie jak tworzone na tej podstawie projekty – nie zdobyły uznania środowiska skoncentrowanego na teoretycznym poznawaniu postaw konserwatorskich oraz idei dotyczących rozpoznania form i znaczenia krakowskich zabytków, za to wykorzystującego koniunkturalnie autorytet Matejki, jako artysty.
Postfigurationen der Shoah im gegenwärtigen Flüchtlingsdiskurs anhand von Jenny Erpenbecks Roman Gehen, ging, gegangen (2015)
Authors: Rutka Anna 
Published: September 2020

Postfiguracje Szoah we współczesnym dyskursie uchodźczym w powieści Jenny Erpenbeck Gehen, ging, gegangen (2015)Powieść Jenny Erpenbeck Gehen, ging, gegangen, która poświęcona jest współczesnej migracji, ukazuje poprzez zmieniającą się konstrukcję głównego bohatera oraz jego zaangażowanie w pomoc uchodźcom komplementarną relację między narracją o Szoah a aktualnym dyskursem migracyjnym w Europie. Emerytowany profesor klasyki poszukuje w obliczu nieprzestrzegania praw człowieka wobec współczesnych uchodźców narracyjnego ratunku w metonimicznych odniesieniach do kolonializmu i Szoah. Paradoksem zastosowania transfiguracji Zagłady jest w tym kontekście fakt, że niewyrażalność doświadczenia Szoah służy literackiej krytyce i obnażeniu degeneracji europejskiego prawodawstwa, u którego podstaw leży zasadzająca się na pamięci Holocaustu światowa Deklaracja Praw Człowieka z 1948 r.
In Greyhounds with paw pad corns, is surgical excision more effective at resolving lameness than extirpation?
Authors: Kenny Dan 
Published: September 2020

PICO question
In Greyhounds (and Sighthounds) with recurring pedal corns, is surgical excision in comparison to corn extirpation more effective at resolving lameness?

Clinical bottom line
Category of research question
Treatment
The number and type of study designs reviewed
Three case series were included, all three were retrospective, one included a prospective component. There was one opinion-based narrative review and one opinion-based article.
Strength of evidence
Weak
Outcomes reported
Extirpation allows only a short palliation of lameness and repeated treatment is required at variable intervals. Surgical excision may provide good rates of short-term resolution however, in the long-term recurrence rates are still moderate. It should also be born in mind that further corns may develop in different digits.
Conclusion
In Greyhounds (and Sighthounds) with recurring pedal corns, surgical excision of the corn is more likely to provide long-term resolution of lameness in comparison to extirpation. However, the current level of evidence on this topic is weak.

How to apply this evidence in practice
The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources.
Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision-making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.
A Consideration of Benefits for Midwives Employed in Public Health Systems and Private Midwifery Practices
Authors: Sipe Theresa Ann , Schuiling Kerri D. , Fullerton Judith T. 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUNDBenefits add to the total compensation received by midwives for their professional work in global settings. Some benefits are commonly offered as a package by employers as components of employment contracts. Some benefits may be individually negotiated or may be self-funded by midwives who own their own businesses.PURPOSEIdentify benefits associated with midwifery employment.METHODSBenefits data available to certified nurse-midwives (CNMs) and certified midwives (CMs) in the United States were collected in online surveys conducted in 2004, 2007, 2010, and 2014. Benefits types received and benefits cost-sharing for midwives and their families were compared descriptively.RESULTSMore than 90% of respondents employed full-time in 2014 reported that they received at least 1 of 16 types of benefits in their midwifery-related employment. Professional liability insurance, paid vacation (paid holiday), and paid time off for continuing education were the only benefits reported by 75% or more of respondents in each of 4 survey years. Trends over time reported by U.S. CNMs/CMs employed full-time suggest a decrease in employer contributions to benefit costs. Nearly half of all CNM/CM respondents reported not knowing the basis for calculation of their salary and compensation package.CONCLUSIONChanges appear to indicate increasing employee cost-sharing of benefits packages in recent years for U.S. midwives. Similarities and differences identified for midwives in global settings are discussed, although information on benefits in global settings was limited. Midwives in all settings may gain from education about strategies for negotiation of salary and compensation packages.
Factors Affecting Paternal Fetal Attachment
Authors: Topal Sümeyra , Çaka Sinem Yalnızoğlu , Yuvacı Hilal Uslu , Çınar Nursan 
Published: September 2020

AIMThere are very few studies examining how the prenatal attachment of the father to the fetus affects father–infant attachment, while there are numerous studies on maternal–fetal, maternal–infant attachment. The pregnancy period is a potential opportunity to increase the paternal attachment of fathers whose wives are expecting a baby. The aim of this study was to determine paternal–fetal attachment and the factors with an effect.METHODSThe sample group of this descriptive (comparative) study consisted of expectant fathers accompanied by their wives at 24–36 weeks of pregnancy (n = 182). Ethics committee approval and the necessary permissions were obtained from the relevant institution. The data were collected by the researchers using the Question Form and Paternal Fetal Attachment Scale. The data collected were analyzed using percentage distribution, the Independent samples t test and the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test.RESULTSThe results of the study showed that the participants who experienced fatherhood for the first time and felt ready to be a father had higher paternal attachment scores than experienced fathers.CONCLUSIONFor the establishment of healthy attachment starting in the prenatal period and continuing thereafter, there are important tasks for healthcare professionals to ensure that fathers can cope with the new roles and responsibilities just as well as the mothers.
Australian Midwives' Recognition of and Response to Maternal Deterioration: A Literature Review
Authors: Ebert Lyn Maxine , Guilhermino Michelle , Flenady Tracy , Dwyer Trudy , Jefford Elaine 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUNDConfidential inquiries into maternal deaths have reported that recognition and timely interventions can reduce maternal morbidity and mortality. Although research has been undertaken that examines factors impacting registered nurses recognition of and response to the deteriorating patient, there is less literature identifying the factors impacting midwives' recognition of and response to the deteriorating maternal patient in the clinical context.OBJECTIVETo identify, summarize, and critically evaluate peer-reviewed studies that explored factors impacting clinical practice of Australian midwives in relation to maternal deterioration.DESIGNReviewers searched Maternity and Infant Care, EBSCOhost, Medline, CINAHL, SCOPUS, EMCARE, and EMBASE for published literature reporting on factors impacting Australian registered midwives' ability to recognize and respond to maternal deterioration.FINDINGSOf the articles identified and screened (n = 2,412), no studies met the inclusion criteria. This review revealed a lack of published research examining factors impacting Australian midwives' capability to recognize and respond to the deteriorating maternal patient.CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICEWhile research shows, for registered nurses, that high workloads and poor skill mix can negatively impact capability to respond to the deteriorating patient, little is known of registered midwives' capability during similar health events. This review highlights a major gap in current knowledge regarding Australian registered midwives' experiences surrounding the recognition of and response to the deteriorating maternal patient. Increasing understanding in this area can inform and support the Australian midwifery education, practice, and National health policies to improve health outcomes for childbearing women. Further research in this area is therefore required.
DESCRIPTION OF RISK LEVELS OF GADGET ADDICTION, BULLYING BEHAVIOR, AND DRUG ABUSE IN ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Anandayudha Rama Bagus , Noveriana Calseries Rizki , Wulandari Ewin , Tjahjono Felicia Alvita , Wisnawa I Wayan Weda , Tiara Zahra Fadhilazka , Sari Laprianika Retha Haphita , Dewi Nurin Kusuma , Alkausar M. Ramadhan , Augustya Binnari , Dewayani Anisa Rahma , Karimah Azimatul 
Published: September 2020

Gadgets can be interpreted as a tool that can easily be connected to the internet. If the use of gadgets can be done wisely, humans will get many benefits from using gadgets. But if the use of gadgets cannot be controlled, it will have a negative impact. One of the negative effects obtained is dependence or addiction to the gadget itself. Apart from the use of gadgets, bullying is also common today. Approximately three million teenagers become drug abusers in Indonesia. The data was collected using primary data in the form of a questionnaire to collect data on gadget addiction, bullying behavior, and drug abuse among junior high school adolescents at MTs Nahdlatul Wathon Licin. This was a descriptive observational study. The population was students in 8th-9th grades at MTs Nahdlatul Wathon Licin. Sampling was done by total sampling. The number of samples obtained was 93 people. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods which are presented in the form of frequency distribution tables. It was found that 8.6% of respondents had a high risk of gadget addiction, 48.4 % of respondents have a high level of bullying behavior, and 2.2% of respondents are addicted to drugs.
Morphological Response of Bolivina Lowmani to Sediment Composition and Organic Matter: Applying Geometric Morphometrics for Potential Bio-Monitoring
Authors: Bayrón-Arcelay Margarette , Rodríguez-Camacho Kyara , Acosta-Mercado Dimaris 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTIt is well established that sediment composition plays an important role in shaping the community of benthic foraminifera (e.g., species richness). To our knowledge, there is little information about morphometric variations in benthic foraminifera in relation to sediment composition and organic matter content. However, given their sensitivity to these environmental variables, variations in size (width and height of the test) and shape (form of the test) of the foraminifera could provide information about potential disturbances, serving as an index of anthropogenic pressure for coastal ecosystems. In this study, we used geometric morphometrics to compare the average size and shape of a common species, Bolivina lowmani, among islets in La Parguera, Puerto Rico. We hypothesized that the average size and shape of B. lowmani will be different among islets. We further hypothesize that there will be a concomitant morphometric gradient of B. lowmani with sediment particle size and organic matter content. After a random sampling approach, we found that size regressed as a function of mud content and shape variations regressed as a function of organic matter content. Therefore, sediment composition could be a factor affecting foraminiferal growth rates highlighting that the morphometrics of benthic foraminifera could be added to the list of potential indexes that could be used to track current environmental degradation in coastal habitats. Furthermore, our data validate the sensitivity of foraminifera and their usefulness as indicators of environmental hazards.
Imprint of Regional Oceanography on Foraminifera of Eastern Pacific Coral Reefs
Authors: Zamora-Duran M. Angelica , Aronson Richard B. , Leichter James J. , Flannery Jennifer A. , Richey Julie N. , Toth Lauren T. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
The marginal marine environments of the eastern tropical Pacific (ETP) serve as an ideal natural laboratory to study how oceanographic and climatic variability influence coral-reef ecosystems. Reefs along the Pacific coast of Panamá span a natural gradient of nutrients, pH, and temperature as a result of stronger seasonal upwelling in the Gulf of Panamá relative to the Gulf of Chiriquí. The ecosystems are not only influenced by spatial and seasonal variations in oceanography but are affected by the climatic variability of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Foraminifera can be robust indicators of ecosystem condition because the composition of their assemblages and the geochemistry of their tests can change rapidly in response to environmental variability. We studied benthic foraminifera in sediment samples collected from 3 m below mean sea level in the Gulf of Panamá and the Gulf of Chiriquí. Temperature loggers deployed from 2016 to 2019 showed that average temperatures were lower and more variable in the Gulf of Panamá due to seasonal upwelling. All sites in both gulfs were dominated by heterotrophic foraminifera, which was likely the result of nutrient enrichment due to upwelling, combined with ENSO effects. However, the Gulf of Chiriquí was characterized by higher abundances of symbiont-bearing foraminifera than the Gulf of Panamá. The orders Miliolida and Rotaliida dominated the foraminiferal assemblages in both gulfs, with Quinqueloculina and Rosalina being the most abundant genera in the two orders, respectively. Miliolids were less abundant in the Gulf of Panamá than in the Gulf of Chiriquí, whereas rotaliid densities were not significantly different between the two gulfs. Lower pH in the Gulf of Panamá as a result of upwelling may have contributed to the lower abundance of miliolids, which secrete tests of high-magnesium calcite. Geochemical analysis of tests of the symbiont-bearing miliolid Sorites marginalis revealed that foraminiferal Mg/Ca ratios were lower in the Gulf of Panamá than in the Gulf of Chiriquí. The offset in foraminiferal Mg/Ca is consistent with the lower mean annual temperature observed in the Gulf of Panamá due to stronger seasonal upwelling. Because the geochemistry and assemblages of foraminifera reflect differences in environmental conditions, they could potentially be used in tandem with coral proxies to reconstruct past environmental change and project the future of coral-reef systems within the ETP.
Artificial Diagenesis of Carbonates: Temperature-Dependent Inorganic and Organic Modifications in Reservoir Mimetic Fluids
Authors: Rao Ashit , Kumar Saravana , Annink Carla , Le-Anh Duy , Ayirala Subhash C. , Alotaibi Mohammed B. , Siretanu Igor , Duits Michel H. G. , Yousef Ali A. , Mugele Frieder 
Published: September 2020

SummaryWithin reservoirs, spatial variations related to mineralogy and fluid chemistry determine the success of improved oil recovery (IOR) technologies. However, the composition and structure of mineral-adsorbent/fluid interfaces, which fundamentally determine the wettability of reservoir rocks and crude oil (CRO) displacement, are unclear. Replicating the diagenetic alterations of carbonates, this study addresses the temperature dependence of the inorganic and organic modifications of calcite by reservoir pertinent fluids as well as its consequences on mineral wettability and reactivity.We apply a suite of characterization methods, namely confocal Raman, scanning electron, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) as well as infrared spectroscopy, to investigate the modifications of carbonates on aging in formation water (FW), CRO-equilibrated FW, and FW-equilibrated CRO. The microscopic modifications of carbonates show a strong dependence on the aging temperature and are varied, encompassing topographical alterations, substitution of lattice Ca2+ ions by Mg2+ ions and the deposition of particles enriched with polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as organic adlayers. Aging in the FWs leads to substantial reconstruction of calcite surfaces, with the deposition of magnesium calcite layers at elevated temperatures. Subsequent aging in FW-equilibrated CRO produces an organic coating on the mineral surfaces, which is composed of PAH-enriched particles. Deposited most strongly at high temperature, these organic layers render contact angles more “oil-wet.” In addition, these layers present a limited permeability for ionic species and substantially reduce the dissolution rates of calcite. The multilayer deposition of organic particles, which thus turns out as a key factor for wettability alteration, is attributed to the interconnected bulk and surface reactions for interfacially active constituents of CRO and the surface precipitation of organo-calcium complexes.Results of this study are relevant to multiple aspects of reservoir development and maintenance, including laboratory scale wettability and coreflooding experiments, and in-silico modeling. The observed nano- and microscopic surface alterations of carbonates within reservoir mimetic environments improve our understanding of the physicochemical relations between mineralogy and fluid chemistry at the mineral-sorbent/fluid interfaces within reservoirs and thereby provide a starting point for the development of novel advanced IOR strategies.