bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
309 ASAS-EAAP Talk: Modelling digestion kinetics: the next step in the evaluation of feed ingredients
Authors: Gerrits Walter J , Schop Marijke A , de Vries Sonja 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
There is increasing importance of upcycling of low-opportunity-cost feed, food waste, and food processing byproducts into animal products, strongly increasing the variation in the nutritional quality of feed ingredients. Traditionally, feed ingredients are evaluated based on their measured extent of digestion. Increasing awareness that not only the total yield of nutrients, but also their absorption kinetics, affect their metabolic fate after absorption, and a growing body of evidence of complex interactions taking place inside the gastro-intestinal tract urges development of new approaches. In a recently developed approach (Schop, 2020), we propose a combination of in vitro methodology and dynamic modelling of the digestion process as an alternative to conventional feed ingredient evaluation, and made the first steps in the development of such a system. The digestion potential, evaluated in vitro, is considered as the true property of feed ingredients. Then, prediction of digesta transit, nutrient hydrolysis and absorption, following the intake of a complete feed, determines the extent to which the digestion potential of each ingredient is exploited. The dynamic, mechanistic model developed by Schop for growing pigs comprises 48 state variables representing dietary nutrients, hydrolysis products, endogenous components, and microbial biomass. Driving variables are ingested nutrients from feed ingredients, characterized in vitro (solubility, undegradable fraction, maximum rate of digestion). Passage of digesta is modelled as a function of nutrient solubility, diet viscosity and feed intake. The extent of protein digestion and extent and rate of starch digestion, but not absorption of amino acids, were adequately predicted by the model. Future efforts should focus on modelling digesta properties and transit, translation of in vitro digestion kinetic data and generating reliable in vivo data on nutrient absorption kinetics across feed ingredients. Schop, T.A. 2020 Modelling digestion kinetics in pigs. Predicting nutrient absorption based on diet and ingredient properties. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, NL.
70 Cows housed in muddy environmental conditions during late gestation have lesser body weight and body condition score compared with cows housed on wood chips
Authors: Nickles Kirsten , Relling Alejandro E , Garcia-Guerra Alvaro , Fluharty Francis L , Parker Anthony J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Future climate predictions suggest greater precipitation events and an increase in mean ambient temperature during winter months, creating wet and muddy conditions during the last third of gestation for spring calving beef cows. Cows housed in these conditions will likely have increased energy requirements; however, there is limited data on cow requirements in such circumstances. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of muddy environmental conditions on cow body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS) in late gestation. Twenty multiparous Angus cows (n = 10/treatment) housed and fed individually were used in this study. Cows were paired based on initial BW, and one cow from each pair was randomly allocated to either the mud (MUD) or control treatment (CON). Cows in the CON treatment were bedded with wood chips and not exposed to mud, while cows in the MUD treatment were housed in mud (23.6 ± 5.8 cm). Cows were fed the same diet, and each pair was fed to the CON cow’s requirements for maintenance and day of gestation. Maintenance requirements were adjusted weekly. From 213 to 269 days of gestation, cows were sampled for BW and BCS weekly. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with repeated measurements, and the SLICE option of SAS was used for mean separation. All cows started at similar BW (P = 0.35) and BCS (P = 0.79); however, cows housed in muddy conditions had lesser BW (P &lt; 0.01) and BCS (P &lt; 0.01) at day 269 compared with CON cows, while there were no dry matter refusals from any animals throughout the study. Therefore, MUD cows weighed 37.6 kg less than CON cows by the end of the study while dry matter intake was the same between treatments, indicating that mud greatly increased cow requirements.
313 New insights on liver abscess syndrome in cattle using metagenomic investigations
Authors: Morley Paul S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Liver abscess syndrome (LAS) is a well-recognized and important problem for beef production in all types of cattle. LAS has been shown to be associated with decreased growth efficiency and lower carcass quality, in addition to losses associated with carcass trimming and condemnation of materials at slaughter. The etiopathogenesis of LAS has traditionally attributed a few bacterial species as being the principal causes (Fusobacterium necrophorum, and Trueperella pyogenes), based on the theory that these bacteria are translocated from the rumen into portal circulation, allowing them to seed the liver. Research regarding the pathogenesis and prevention of LAS has long been limited to data derived from culture-based investigations. Advances in genomic sequencing provide tremendous opportunities for re-evaluation of traditional perspectives on LAS. Recent metagenomic investigations of liver abscesses conducted by our research team have found that liver abscesses are far more polymicrobial than previously believed, suggesting that the etiology is more complex than previously believed. This presentation will present data from culture-based investigations and those using metagenomic sequencing as we re-evaluate traditional dogma regarding LAS.
314 Updating the acidosis-rumenitis-liver abscess disease complex dogma of feedlot cattle
Authors: Reinbold Brandon 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The pursuit of a reduction in liver abscess disease prevalence in feedlot cattle is of great importance to animal health management and beef industry stakeholder profitability. Disease effects are multifaceted, but primarily materialize in lost feedlot performance, liver condemnation, and reduced carcass weight and quality grade. The impact is further magnified by the increased prevalence of severe, A-plus liver score type disease that is associated with carcass trim and condemnation as well as increased days on feed due to reduced average daily gain and diminished feed conversion. Liver abscess disease in cattle has long been considered to be caused by damage to the ruminal lining (rumenitis) subsequent to ruminal acidosis, followed by translocation of bacteria across the ruminal wall into the portal venous circulation, and culminating in colonization of the liver for abscess formation(s). As a result of bacterial culture frequency, Fusobacterium necrophorum ssp. necrophorum is widely considered the primary etiology even though numerous other bacteria have been isolated from liver abscesses. However, the acidosis-rumenitis-liver abscess disease complex is more complicated than the decades-long, widely accepted dogma. Portions of this are still accurate, but there is much to be learned about the pathobiology of this disease relative to where the etiological agent(s) are translocating from the gastrointestinal tract into the portal venous circulation to evade the host immune responses and multiply in the liver to form an abscess(es). To better understand the pathophysiology of this disease, recent research has been focused on model development and monitoring the time course of liver abscess formation in the live animal. Therefore, the objective of this presentation will be to highlight results of model development efforts and diagnostics to help further elucidate the challenges the beef industry faces for improving industry knowledge for the pathogenesis of liver abscess disease in feedlot cattle.
321 ASAS-EAAP Talk: Quantitative proteomics in animal and veterinary science: a pipeline for exploiting advanced analytical technology
Authors: Eckersall David 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Application of proteomic investigation to veterinary and animal sciences has grown over the last decade, but has still not reached its full potential of application in animal health and production research [1]. Nevertheless, establishing a versatile methodology has allowed the application of quantitative proteomics for increased understanding of physiological and pathophysiological challenges, and especially to identify potential biomarkers of disease in a range of animal species. A pipeline of sample preparation and mass spectrometry followed by statistical, bioinformatic and biochemical analyses has been established to deal with biofluids and tissue samples from cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens, dogs and cats as well as wild animals. Quantitative proteomic investigation of milk in an experimental model of Streptococcus uberis mastitis of dairy cows has identified potential novel biomarkers with implications for diagnosis and treatment of this major disease. Proteins in milk which have potential as disease biomarkers, such as cathelicidin, haptoglobin and mammary associated serum amyloid A3, are significantly increased in abundance during bovine mastitis. Proteomic investigation has confirmed that these biomarkers are also increased in milk during subclinical and clinical mastitis. Proteomic analysis of plasma from chicken following stimulation of the inflammatory response to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide endotoxin has characterised major changes in the chicken plasma proteome. Novel biomarker candidates of hemopexin and fatty acid binding protein have been identified. This proteomic pipeline can be incorporated into many areas of research, providing novel findings at the forefront of animal and veterinary science. Such proteomic investigation requires close interdisciplinary collaboration between experts in mass spectrometry, bioinformatics, statistics and animal production in order to fully exploit recent technological advances in the omic sciences.[1] P. Bilic, et al, Proteomics in Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science: Neglected Scientific Opportunities with Immediate Impact, Proteomics. 47 (2018) 1–7. doi:10.1002/pmic.201800047.
85 Impacts of dietary profile on starch content and gelatinization in canine diets
Authors: Valach Alyssa , Moore George , Perry Erin B 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Starch gelatinization of pet foods can be impacted by several factors, including moisture, retention time, and ingredients used. Starch gelatinization has been associated with effects on digestibility, but isn’t well studied in non-traditional canine diets. The objective of this research was to examine the impacts of dietary ingredient profile (traditional vs. non-traditional) and assess impacts to total starch content and starch gelatinization. Traditional diets (n = 10) utilizing meat-based ingredients including chicken, chicken byproduct meal, meat and bone meal and plant-based ingredients including rice, barley, oats, and corn were examined in comparison with non-traditional diets (n = 10) utilizing meat-based ingredients including alligator, buffalo, venison, kangaroo, squid, quail, rabbit, rabbit and salmon along with plant-based ingredients including tapioca, peas, chickpeas, lentils, potato, and pumpkin. Representative samples were collected via grab sample technique (5 samples/diet) and were assessed for total starch content as well as percent starch gelatinization. Variation between both diet types were assessed with a nonlinear regression using SAS 9.4. Significance was set at P &lt; 0.05. Distribution of total starch content based on ingredient type (traditional vs non-traditional) reveal that mean total starch content is 15% higher in traditional diets as compared to non-traditional diets (P &lt; 0.0001). Conversely, percent starch gelatinization was found to be 10% higher in non-traditional diets (P &lt; 0.0001). Total starch content and percent gelatinization had a highly significant non-linear relationship (P &lt; 0.0001). These novel data reveal important differences between starch content and gelatinization and could impact manufacturing processes for ingredient types as well as feeding recommendations.
89 Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product on fecal microbiota populations of dogs subjected to exercise challenge
Authors: Oba Patrícia M , Carroll Meredith , Epp Tammi , Warzecha Christine , Varney Jessica L , Fowler Jason W , Coon Craig N , Swanson Kelly S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Previously, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP) was demonstrated to positively alter fecal microbiota, fecal metabolites, and circulating immune cell functionality in adult dogs. The objective of this study was to determine the fecal characteristics, microbiota, and metabolites of trained dogs subjected to an exercise challenge. All procedures were approved by the Four Rivers Kennel IACUC prior to experimentation. Thirty-six adult dogs (mean age: 7.1 y; mean BCS: 4.9) were used. Dogs were randomly assigned to control or SCFP-supplemented (250 mg/d) diets, trained, and fed for a few mo prior to exercise challenge. Fresh fecal samples were collected for the measurement of fecal characteristics, microbiota, and metabolites before and after an exercise challenge (10 mile run). Fecal microbiota data were evaluated using QIIME2. All other data were analyzed using the Mixed Models procedure of SAS, with treatment and exercise as fixed effects, dog as random effect, and P &lt; 0.05 considered significant. For both treatments, fecal scores and butyrate and propionate concentrations were lower and fecal pH and ammonia, isobutyrate, isovalerate, and total BCFA concentrations were higher after exercise challenge. SCFP did not affect fecal scores, pH, dry matter, or fermentative end-product concentrations after exercise challenge. Alpha-diversity or beta-diversity (unweighted PCoA plot) were not affected by SCFP before or after exercise challenge. The weighted PCoA plot, however, showed clustering of dogs before exercise and after exercise, regardless of treatment. Fecal Collinsella, Slackia, Turicibacter, Blautia, Dorea, Ruminococcus, Faecalibacterium, Catenibacterium, Clostridium (Erysipelotrichaceae family), and Eubacterium relative abundances were higher, while fecal Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Prevotella (Prevotellaceae family), Phascolarctobacterium, Fusobacterium, Suttella and Anaerobiospirillum relative abundances were lower after exercise challenge. SCFP increased fecal Lactobacillus compared to controls. Our data demonstrate that exercise and SCFP alter fecal microbiota in dogs. Higher SCFP dosages may provide greater changes and may be of interest in future studies.
322 Consumer sensory cues in pet food selection
Authors: Koppel Kadri 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Pet food selection is important for 67% of households in the US. The objective of this presentation is to review the consumer sensory cues in pet food selection. The pet owner and the pet decide pet food selection. The pet owner will make the initial decision, while the pet makes the confirmatory decision. This will either lead to rejection or acceptance of the food. The initial decision might depend on a number of factors, such as price, brand, ingredients, processing, packaging and availability. The sensory cues that might influence this are aroma, color, shape, and size of the food. For the pet, these include aroma and flavor, as well as the texture characteristics of the food. Examples of research studies will be given and gaps and future research opportunities will be outlined.
338 Awardee Talk: Superior feed efficiency and maternal supply of methionine are associated with unique gut microbiome in beef and dairy cattle
Authors: Elolimy Ahmed , McCann Joshua C , Shike Daniel W , Loor Juan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Residual feed intake (RFI) describes an animal’s feed efficiency independent of the level of growth and production performance. The RFI is a commonly-used measure of feed efficiency in beef cattle. The first experiment determined differences in major ruminal bacteria and ruminal epithelium gene and protein expression between the most-efficient (M-eff) and the least-efficient (L-eff) finishing beef cattle. Results indicated that superior feed efficiency is associated with differences in bacterial species, transcriptional adaptations, and protein turnover in ruminal epithelium that might enhance energy transport and utilization. For example, M-eff group had enriched cellulose-degrading and volatile fatty acids (VFA) producing bacteria. Furthermore, M-eff cattle upregulated genes related to VFA absorption and ketogenesis in ruminal epithelium, underscoring greater energy production in M-eff cattle. Also, M-eff group had greater protein synthesis coupled with lower protein degradation in ruminal epithelium that allow efficient harvest of nutrients from less feed digested. These changes in the rumen might have helped M-eff cattle maintain similar level of growth performance while consuming less dry matter (DMI). Studies in non-ruminants have underscored a central role for maternal nutrition on offspring hindgut microbiome development. Whether this phenomenon exists in cattle is largely unknown. The objective of the second experiment was to evaluate the impact of maternal methionine supply during late-pregnancy in dairy cows on hindgut microbiome and metabolome in neonatal calves. To achieve this, Holstein heifer calves born to cows receiving either a control (CON) diet or CON plus rumen-protected methionine (MET) during the last 28 d of pregnancy were used. Hindgut microbiome was evaluated with 16s rRNA gene sequencing, whereas hindgut metabolites were measured using an untargeted LC-MS approach. Hindgut microbiome and metabolome profiles in MET heifers indicated greater capacity for the production of endogenous antibiotics and enhanced hindgut functionality and health. Those alterations could limit pathogen colonization in the hindgut while providing essential nutrients to neonatal calves at the same level of DMI. Together, such responses contribute to the ability of MET heifers to achieve better nutrient utilization to support greater growth rates during the preweaning period. These studies highlight that gut microbiome contributes, at least in part, to better feed efficiency and fetal programming in beef and dairy cattle.
93 Evaluation of the intake and digestibility of ensiled residual material from edamame soybean processing with and without the use of an inoculant
Authors: Herring Ellen M , Kegley Elizabeth B , Coffey Ken , Gadberry Shane , Powell Jeremy G , Pruden Michael C 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This research evaluated the effects of ensiled edamame soybean processing waste on ruminant intake and total tract digestibility. Waste from processing stored edamame was obtained (3 trips) and wilted (28%, 25%, and 37% DM), then treated with or without inoculant (Lactobacillus buchneri) and ensiled in 167 L plastic barrels (2 or 3 barrels/treatment from each trip) for 72 (Trip 1) or 69 (Trip 2 and 3) days. Pregnant ewes (n = 18; body weight = 55.5 ± 1.2 kg; 2 to 3 years old) were blocked by body weight and assigned randomly within a block to treatments within a trip, then each ewe was assigned to a barrel of silage. Ewes were housed individually in 1 × 1.5-m pens and offered silage for a 10-day adaptation period followed by 7 days of total feces and urine collection. Ewes were offered silage to allow for 10% orts and were offered 0.2% of their body weight of soyhulls and 32 g of mineral supplement/day to meet their predicted nutrient requirements for gestating ewes. Ewes consumed 1,616 ± 54 g DM/day (X ± SEM) or 2.9 ± 0.12% of their body weight and there was no effect (P ≥ 0.85) of inoculant treatment on DM intake (g/day or % of body weight). Dry matter digestibility was not affected (P = 0.98) by inoculant and averaged 55.7 ± 0.66%. Ewe average daily gain for the 17-day trial tended to be greater (P = 0.08) for the ewes offered the silage without inoculant (0.18 vs. 0.04 kg/d). Ensiling edamame processing waste yielded a feed that ewes consumed in adequate amounts to maintain their body weights over 17 days when also supplemented with soyhulls. The addition of silage inoculant had minimal effects on intake, digestibility, or ewe body weight change.
99 Effects of feeding 60% dried corn distillers grains plus solubles or the equivalent sulfur as calcium sulfate on trace mineral concentrations in serum and seminal plasma
Authors: Kassetas Cierrah J , Caton Joel , Kirsch James D , Dorsam Sheri T , McCarthy Kacie L , Crouse Matthew S , Sedivec Kevin K , Neville Bryan W , Dahlen Carl R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Thirty-six half-sibling yearling Angus bulls [256 ± 8 d; initial BW = 320 ± 2 kg] were assigned one of three diets: 1) 60% concentrate as corn (CON; n = 12); 2) 60% DDGS (60DDGS; n = 12); 3) CON diet + equivalent sulfur of 60DDGS as CaSO4 (SULF; n = 12) to evaluate effects of feeding 60% DDGS or sulfur as CaSO4 on trace mineral (TM) concentrations in serum and seminal plasma. Bulls were fed in Calan gates for 112 days and targeted to gain 1.6 kg/d. Data were analyzed as repeated measures using PROC MIXED in SAS. In serum, treatment × day interactions were observed (P ≤ 0.03) for Cu, Se, and Mo. For Cu, no differences (P &gt; 0.15) were observed at d 0 or 56, but at d 112, 60DDGS was reduced (P &lt; 0.01) compared with SULF and CON. At d 0, no differences (P &gt; 0.09) were observed for Se; however, at d 56 and 112, 60DDGS was greater (P &lt; 0.01) than CON and SULF. For Mo, at d 0, 60DDGS was greater (P = 0.03) than CON, whereas SULF was intermediate, but at d 56 and 112, CON was greater (P &lt; 0.01) than SULF and 60DDGS. In seminal plasma, treatment × day interactions were observed (P ≤ 0.02) for Cu and Mo. For Cu, no differences (P ≥ 0.09) were observed at d 0 or 56, but at d 112, CON and 60DDGS were greater (P &lt; 0.01) compared with SULF. For Mo, at d 0, 60DDGS was greater (P = 0.03) than SULF, whereas CON was intermediate, but on d 56 and 112, CON was greater (P &lt; 0.01) than 60DDGS and SULF. Differences observed for TM may have influenced enzyme activity and semen kinematics which were previously reported.