bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of possible idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus in older inpatients with schizophrenia: a replication study
Authors: Yoshino Yuta , Yoshida Taku , Morino Hideo , Nakamura Masayuki , Abe Masao , Omachi Hokuto , Inoue Saori , Miyoshi Yukiyo , Tachibana Yumina , Yamauchi Noriko , Takeda Naoya , Mizobuchi Mutsuhiko , Ozaki Yuki , Ochi Shinichiro , Iga Junichi , Ueno Shu-ichi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
We recently reported that older patients with schizophrenia (SZ) show possible idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) more frequently than the general population. In this study, we estimated the prevalence of iNPH in a larger number of older SZ patients and explored useful examination values for diagnosis in the SZ population.

Methods
We enrolled older inpatients with SZ (n = 39, mean age = 68.6 ± 7.7 years) from several psychiatric hospitals in Ehime, Japan and acquired brain imaging data using computed tomography. We evaluated three iNPH symptoms (dementia, gait disturbance, and urinary incontinence). In addition, we combined these data with our previous data to elucidate the relationship between iNPH and characteristics of SZ symptoms.

Results
In total, five (12.8%) patients were diagnosed with possible iNPH. Evans’ index for patients with iNPH was significantly higher than for those without iNPH (p = 0.002). The number of disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space hydrocephalus (DESH) findings was significantly higher in patients with iNPH than in those without iNPH (p <  0.001). Using combined data, Drug-Induced Extra-pyramidal Symptoms Scale (DIEPSS) subscales of gait and bradykinesia showed an increasing trend in the SZ with iNPH group.

Conclusions
We reconfirmed that older inpatients with SZ experienced possible iNPH more frequently than the general population. We should pay attention to the DIEPSS subscales of gait and bradykinesia and DESH findings in addition to the three main symptoms of iNPH and Evans’ index so as to not miss SZ patients with iNPH.
YouTube™ as a source of information for Candida auris infection: a systematic review
Authors: Huang Jiangqing , Zhang Shengcen , Xiao Qirong , Cao Yingping , Li Bin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Candida auris is a novel Candida species, and has emerged globally as a multidrug-resistant health care-associated fungal pathogen. YouTube™ (http://www.youtube.com) as the largest free video-sharing website is increasingly used to search health information. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the content, reliability and quality of YouTube™ videos regarding Candida auris infection, and to identify whether it is a useful resource for people.

Methods
The YouTube™ was used to search systematically for videos using the keywords: “Candida auris infection” and “Candida auris”. Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to select the videos. The videos were reviewed and scored by two independent reviewers and recorded the “title”, “length”, “views”, “comments”, “dislike”, “like”, “posted days” and “category of videos”. The videos were categorized as “poor”, “good” and “excellent” by the score. The DISCERN tool was used to assess the reliability of the YouTube™ videos.

Results
Seventy-six videos were included in final analysis in our study. Most videos (59.2%, 55/76) had better quality. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in respect of the number of likes, dislikes, views, comments, percentage positivity, likebility, view rate and viewers’ interaction. Length and posted days were significantly associated with the classification. The videos were categorized as “educational video”, “new report”, “personal experience and blog entertainment” and “interview”. Significant differences were found in the source of videos and the characteristics of the individuals appearing in a video between the groups.

Conclusion
YouTube™ has striking potential to be an effective user-friendly learning interface for people to obtain information of Candida auris infection.
Trends in the consumption rates of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine-related drugs in the health region of Lleida from 2002 to 2015
Authors: Torres-Bondia F. , de Batlle J. , Galván L. , Buti M. , Barbé F. , Piñol-Ripoll G. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The high prevalence and long-term use of benzodiazepines (BZDs) treatment are debated topics because of the risk they can cause to the patients. Despite the current information on the risk-benefit balance of these drugs, their consumption remains particularly high. We determined the trend in the consumption prevalence of benzodiazepines (BZDs) and drugs related to BZDs (Z-drugs) in the population of the Health Region of Lleida to explore patterns of use and the associated characteristics associated between 2002 and 2015.

Methods
An analysis of secular trends was carried out between 2002 and 2015; the databased included all individuals from the Health Region of Lleida, which had 358,157 inhabitants in 2015, that consumed BZDs. The consumption of BZDs was evaluated using prescription billing data from the Public Health System. All types of BZDs and BZD analogues that had been approved by the drug agency were included. Trends by age and sex were investigated.

Results
Over the whole study period, a total of 161,125 individuals accounted for 338,148 dispensations. Overall, 59% were women, and the mean age was 56 years. The dispensing prevalence of BZDs use in 2015 was 14.2% overall —18.8% in women and 9.6% in men—and was 36% in those over 65 years. According to the half-life of BZDs, the prevalence of short-intermediate BZD use, intermediate-long BZD use, and Z-drugs use was 9.7, 5.5 and 0.8%, respectively. The evolution of the annual prevalence of BZD dispensing showed a progressive decline, from 15.3% in 2002 to 14.2% in 2015, which was attributed to a decrease in the consumption of intermediate-long half-life BZDs (8.0% vs. 5.5%) and Z-drugs (1.4% vs. 0.8%).

Conclusion
The dispensing prevalence of BZDs and Z-drugs was high, although a small reduction was observed during this time period. The dispensing prevalence was especially high in the population over 65, despite the risk of cognitive decline and falls. Integral actions are required to lower the BZD prescription rate.
Predictors of euthyreosis in hyperthyroid patients treated with radioiodine 131I−: a retrospective study
Authors: Stachura Albert , Gryn Tomasz , Kałuża Bernadetta , Budlewski Tadeusz , Franek Edward 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Radioiodine (RAI) treatment for hyperthyroidism is a very common modality, chosen by physicians worldwide. The outcome of the therapy, however, is not always predictable. While rendering a patient hypo- or euthyroid is meant as a therapeutic success, the latter does not require lifelong hormonal supplementation. The aim of our study is to determine predictors of euthyreosis in patients who underwent RAI treatment.

Methods
Medical records of 144 patients who had undergone RAI therapy were examined. Laboratory and clinical data were analyzed statistically. Ultrasonography findings, such as thyroid volume, nodules’ size and characteristics had been collected at the beginning of treatment and 6 months after the administration of radioiodine 131I−. Moreover, scintigraphy results were taken into account. Multivariate logistic regression analysis model has been used to find predictors of euthyroidism after 12 months of follow-up. The predictors of normal thyroid function have also been analyzed separately for patients with GD (Graves’ disease) and TMNG (toxic multinodular goiter).

Results
The analysis showed that age (OR 1,06; 95%CI 1.025-1.096, p = 0,001), thyroid gland volume (OR 1,04; 95%CI 1,02-1,06; p < 0.001) and iodine uptake level (OR 0,952; 95%CI 0,91-0,98; p = 0,004) were significant factors of achieving normal thyroid function after RAI therapy. According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, in GD patients only age has been shown to be a significant factor (OR 1,06; 95%CI 1,001-1,13; p = 0.047), while in TMNG patients’ age (OR 1,04; 95%CI 1–1,09; p = 0.048), thyroid gland volume (OR 1.038; 95%CI 1.009-1.068; p = 0.009) and iodine uptake level (OR 0.95; 95%CI 0.9–0.99; p = 0.02) all have been proven to be significant predictors of achieving euthyroidism.

Conclusions
The more advanced age, larger volume of thyroid gland and lower iodine uptake level are predictors of euthyreosis after RAI treatment.
Multiple calcifying hyperplastic dental follicles: a major diagnostic consideration in multiple pericoronal lesions - report of two cases
Authors: Guardado-Luevanos Israel , Haro Anna Jazmine , Godínez-Rubí Marisol , Puente-de los Santos Jorge Alejandro , Aguirre-Macías Jaime , Soltero-Chávez Diana Paloma , Padilla-Rosas Miguel , Nava-Villalba Mario 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPericoronal radiolucent lesions are a common radiographic finding, but it is rare that they occur in multiple forms. Multiple calcifying hyperplastic dental follicles (MCHDF) are entities with few cases described to date; nevertheless, they appear to have a very particular phenotypic pattern.Cases presentationCase 1: A 10-year-old male was evaluated radiographically, revealing four impacted canines, each accompanied by unilocular pericoronal radiolucency. Case 2: A 16-year-old male was planning orthodontic treatment; following his radiological evaluation all third molars were found to be accompanied with pericoronal radiolucencies. Enucleation, and third molar removal along with the pericoronal tissue were the respective treatments. Microscopically, in both cases, the specimens shown odontogenic epithelium, and type I and II calcifications in the hyperplastic follicles, all these characteristics were consistent with MCHDF.ConclusionAlthough MCHDF are a rare entity, they must be considered in the differential diagnosis of multiple pericoronal lesions. Under the light of the current evidence, the histological findings may be relatively heterogeneous, but their integration with both the clinical data, which are apparently particular, and with the radiographic characteristics, can lead to a definitive diagnosis.
Oral health policymaking challenges in Iran: a qualitative approach
Authors: Mohammadpour Mohammadtaghi , Bastani Peivand , Brennan David , Ghanbarzadegan Arash , Bahmaei Jamshid 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
As the strategies proposed for oral health improvement in developed countries are not adapted for developing ones, this study aimed to identify the challenges of oral health policy implementation in Iran as a low-income developing country.

Methods
This qualitative study was conducted in 2019 in Iran as a middle-eastern developing country. The study population consisted of experts who had experience in oral health and were willing to participate in the study. Snowball sampling was used to select 12 participants for semi-structured interviews and saturation was achieved after 16 interviews. Guba and Lincoln criteria including credibility, transferability, confirmability and dependability were used to determine reliability and transparency, and finally a five-step framework analysis method was used to analyze the data.

Results
The analysis of the interviews resulted in identification of 7 main themes that were categorized into 5 problems of policy implementation as proposed by the Matus framework. The main themes of executive and preventive challenges to implement oral health policies were categorized as organizational problems, the main themes of educational and resource challenges were situated as material problems, and the main themes of insurance, policy making and trusteeship challenges were considered as legal, policymaking and perspective.

Conclusion
The implementation of oral health policies has faced some challenges. It seems that the national coverage of oral health and integration of these services in prevention and serious attention to the private sector can be considered as the most important strategies for achieving improved oral health in Iran.
The protective effects of angelica organic acid against ox-LDL-induced autophagy dysfunction of HUVECs
Authors: Li Xuefeng , Zhou Jing , Dou Yinghuan , Shi Yanbin , Wang Ying , Hong Jianli , Zhao Junnan , Zhang Jiaying , Yuan Yang , Zhou Mengru , Wei Xiangxiang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundAngelica root is the dry root of the Umbelliferae plantAngelica sinensis (oliv) Diels. Angelica organic acid (OA) is the main active ingredient in Angelica sinensis, and it exerts potential anti-atherosclerotic effects by preventing Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) induced endothelial injury. To study the protective effects of OA on ox-LDL-induced HUVECs autophagic flux dysfunction and inflammatory injury.MethodsOA were isolated by water extraction and alcohol precipitation, and then the content of ferulic acid (FA) in the OA was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The ox-LDL-induced endothelial injury model was established. The effect of ferulic acid on the survival of Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HVUECs) was detected by CCK-8 assay. HUVECs were pretreated with different concentrations of OA (20 μmol/L, 40 μmol/L, and 80 μmol/L), and Western Blot was used to detect the expressions of LC3II, p62, MCP-1, VCAM-1 and LOX-1. The autophagosomes in HUVECs were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Results20 μmol/L OA could increase the expression of LC3II and decrease the expression of p62, MCP-1, VCAM-1 and LOX-1. The results of TEM showed that angelica organic acids promoted cell organelle degradation in autolysosomes.ConclusionOA could reduce inflammation, protect endothelial cells and play an anti-atherosclerotic role by enhancing the autophagy flux of damaged endothelial cells, in which FA the major active ingredient of OA played a major role.
Leadership training programs in graduate medical education: a systematic review
Authors: Kumar Bharat , Swee Melissa L. , Suneja Manish 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundWith the increasing recognition that leadership skills can be acquired, there is a heightened focus on incorporating leadership training as a part of graduate medical education. However, there is considerable lack of agreement regarding how to facilitate acquisition of these skills to resident, chief resident, and fellow physicians.MethodsArticles were identified through a search of Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, ERIC, PsycNet, Cochrane Systemic Reviews, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from 1948 to 2019. Additional sources were identified through contacting authors and scanning references. We included articles that described and evaluated leadership training programs in the United States and Canada. Methodological quality was assessed via the MERSQI (Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument).ResultsFifteen studies, which collectively included 639 residents, chief residents, and fellows, met the eligibility criteria. The format, content, and duration of these programs varied considerably. The majority focused on conflict management, interpersonal skills, and stress management. Twelve were prospective case series and three were retrospective. Seven used pre- and post-test surveys, while seven used course evaluations. Only three had follow-up evaluations after 6 months to 1 year. MERSQI scores ranged from 6 to 9.ConclusionsDespite interest in incorporating structured leadership training into graduate medical education curricula, there is a lack of methodologically rigorous studies evaluating its effectiveness. High-quality well-designed studies, focusing particularly on the validity of content, internal structure, and relationship to other variables, are required in order to determine if these programs have a lasting effect on the acquisition of leadership skills.
Myocardial infarction evaluation from stopping time decision toward interoperable algorithmic states in reinforcement learning
Authors: Park Jong-Rul , Chung Sung Phil , Hwang Sung Yeon , Shin Tae Gun , Park Jong Eun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The Elliot wave principle commonly characterizes the impulsive and corrective wave trends for both financial market trends and electrocardiograms. The impulsive wave trends of electrocardiograms can annotate several wave components of heart-beats including pathological heartbeat waveforms. The stopping time inquires which ordinal element satisfies the assumed mathematical condition within a numerical set. The proposed work constitutes several algorithmic states in reinforcement learning from the stopping time decision, which determines the impulsive wave trends. Each proposed algorithmic state is applicable to any relevant algorithmic state in reinforcement learning with fully numerical explanations. Because commercial electrocardiographs still misinterpret myocardial infarctions from extraordinary electrocardiograms, a novel algorithm needs to be developed to evaluate myocardial infarctions. Moreover, differential diagnosis for right ventricle infarction is required to contraindicate a medication such as nitroglycerin.

Methods
The proposed work implements the stopping time theory to impulsive wave trend distribution. The searching process of the stopping time theory is equivalent to the actions toward algorithmic states in reinforcement learning. The state value from each algorithmic state represents the numerically deterministic annotated results from the impulsive wave trend distribution. The shape of the impulsive waveform is evaluated from the interoperable algorithmic states via least-first-power approximation and approximate entropy. The annotated electrocardiograms from the impulsive wave trend distribution utilize a structure of neural networks to approximate the isoelectric baseline amplitude value of the electrocardiograms, and detect the conditions of myocardial infarction. The annotated results from the impulsive wave trend distribution consist of another reinforcement learning environment for the evaluation of impulsive waveform direction.

Results
The accuracy to discern myocardial infarction was found to be 99.2754% for the data from the comma-separated value format files, and 99.3579% for those containing representative beats. The clinical dataset included 276 electrocardiograms from the comma-separated value files and 623 representative beats.

Conclusions
Our study aims to support clinical interpretation on 12-channel electrocardiograms. The proposed work is suitable for a differential diagnosis under infarction in the right ventricle to avoid contraindicated medication during emergency. An impulsive waveform that is affected by myocardial infarction or the electrical direction of electrocardiography is represented as an inverse waveform.
Quality antenatal care services delivery at health facilities of Ethiopia, assessment of the structure/input of care setting
Authors: Defar Atkure , Getachew Theodros , Taye Girum , Tadele Tefera , Getnet Misrak , Shumet Tigist , Molla Gebeyaw , Gonfa Geremew , Teklie Habtamu , Tadesse Ambaye , Bekele Abebe 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundAccording to the Donabedian model, the assessment for the quality of care includes three dimensions. These are structure, process, and outcome. Therefore, the present study aimed at assessing the structural quality of Antenatal care (ANC) service provision in Ethiopian health facilities.MethodsData were obtained from the 2018 Ethiopian Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) survey. The SARA was a cross-sectional facility-based assessment conducted to capture health facility service availability and readiness in Ethiopia. A total of 764 health facilities were sampled in the 9 regions and 2 city administrations of the country. The availability of equipment, supplies, medicine, health worker’s training and availability of guidelines were assessed. Data were collected from October–December 2017. We run a multiple linear regression model to identify predictors of health facility readiness for Antenatal care service. The level of significance was determined at ap-value < 0.05.ResultAmong the selected health facilities, 80.5% of them offered Antenatal care service. However, the availability of specific services was very low. The availability of tetanus toxoid vaccination, folic acid, iron supplementation, and monitoring of hypertension disorder was, 67.7, 65.6, 68.6, and 75.1%, respectively. The overall mean availability among the ten tracer items that are necessary to provide quality Antenatal care services was 50%. In the multiple linear regression model, health centers, health posts and clinics scored lower Antenatal care service readiness compared to hospitals. The overall readiness index score was lower for private health facilities (β = − 0.047, 95% CI: (− 0.1, − 0.004). The readiness score had no association with the facility settings (Urban/Rural) (p-value > 0.05). Facilities in six regions except Dire Dawa had (β = 0.067, 95% CI: (0.004, 0.129) lower readiness score than facilities in Tigray region (p-value < 0.015).ConclusionThis analysis provides evidence of the gaps in structural readiness of health facilities to provide quality Antenatal care services. Key and essential supplies for quality Antenatal care service provision were missed in many of the health facilities. Guaranteeing properly equipped and staffed facilities shall be a target to improve the quality of Antenatal care services provision.
Unraveling the molecular interactions involved in phase separation of glucocorticoid receptor
Authors: Stortz Martin , Pecci Adali , Presman Diego M. , Levi Valeria 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Functional compartmentalization has emerged as an important factor modulating the kinetics and specificity of biochemical reactions in the nucleus, including those involved in transcriptional regulation. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that translocates to the nucleus upon hormone stimulation and distributes between the nucleoplasm and membraneless compartments named nuclear foci. While a liquid-liquid phase separation process has been recently proposed to drive the formation of many nuclear compartments, the mechanisms governing the heterogeneous organization of GR in the nucleus and the functional relevance of foci formation remain elusive.

Results
We dissected some of the molecular interactions involved in the formation of GR condensates and analyzed the GR structural determinants relevant to this process. We show that GR foci present properties consistent with those expected for biomolecular condensates formed by a liquid-liquid phase separation process in living human cells. Their formation requires an initial interaction of GR with certain chromatin regions at specific locations within the nucleus. Surprisingly, the intrinsically disordered region of GR is not essential for condensate formation, in contrast to many nuclear proteins that require disordered regions to phase separate, while the ligand-binding domain seems essential for that process. We finally show that GR condensates include Mediator, a protein complex involved in transcription regulation.

Conclusions
We show that GR foci have properties of liquid condensates and propose that active GR molecules interact with chromatin and recruit multivalent cofactors whose interactions with additional molecules lead to the formation of a focus. The biological relevance of the interactions occurring in GR condensates supports their involvement in transcription regulation.