bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Porous PEI Coating for Copper Ion Storage and Its Controlled Electrochemical Release
Authors: Elmas Sait , Gedefaw Desta A. , Larsson Mikael , Ying Yanting , Cavallaro Alex , Andersson Gunther G. , Nydén Magnus , Andersson Mats R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe use of copper‐based chemicals to prevent biological growth has been widely practiced in the past. However, leaching of the copper has increased concentrations in ports and marinas, posing a risk to marine life and the environment. It is therefore timely to develop a sustainable antibiofouling coating that could replace conventional copper‐based paints. Herein, the use of cross‐linked polyethylene imine (PEI) coated on conducting carbon cloth electrodes as a material that can absorb copper from seawater and allow for controlled electrochemical release of copper as a biocide to prevent biofouling is proposed. The results show that the porous coating can store and release copper ions over multiple cycles by passing only 1 mA cm−2 current density through the electrode in artificial seawater. This could enable a closed‐cycle, copper‐based antifouling coating, i.e., a coating that uses the well‐established biocidal activity of copper, but without any net release to the ocean.
Robust High‐Capacitance Polymer Gate Dielectrics for Stable Low‐Voltage Organic Field‐Effect Transistor Sensors
Authors: Rahmanudin Aiman , Tate Daniel J. , Marcial‐Hernandez Raymundo , Bull Nicholas , Garlapati Suresh K. , Zamhuri Adibah , Khan Raja U. , Faraji Sheida , Gollu Sankara R. , Persaud Krishna. C. , Turner Michael L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOrganic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) have shown great promise for use as chemical sensors for applications that range from the monitoring of food spoilage to the determination of air quality and the diagnosis of disease. However, for these devices to be truly useful, they must deliver reliable and stable low‐voltage operation over extended timescales. An important element to address this challenge is the development of a high‐capacitance gate dielectric that delivers excellent insulation with robust chemical resistance against the solution processing of organic semiconductors (OSC). The development of a bilayer gate dielectric containing a high‐k fluoropolymer relaxor ferroelectric layer modified at the OSC/dielectric interface with a photo‐crosslinked chemically resistant low‐k methacrylate‐based copolymer buffer layer is reported. Bottom‐gate OFET chemical sensors using this bilayer dielectric operate at low‐voltage with exceptional operational stability. They deliver reliable sensing performance over multiple cycles of ammonia exposure (2 to 50 ppm) with an estimated limit‐of‐detection below 1 ppm.
Response of agronomic crops to planting date and double‐cropping with wheat
Authors: Hare Andrew T. , Jordan David L. , Edmisten Keith L. , Leon Ramon G. , Post Angela R. , Vann Rachel , Dunphy E. James , Heiniger Ronnie , Collins Guy , Washburn Derek 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPlanting date can affect crop yield and is an important management decision for practitioners. Although wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) and soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] can be effectively double‐cropped in North Carolina, if commodity prices and projected economic returns are higher for crops other than soybean, growers might consider a nontraditional, double‐crop system. Direct comparisons of major agronomic crops with different planting dates or in a double‐crop system with wheat are limited in North Carolina. Therefore, research was conducted in North Carolina from 2013 through 2017 to determine yield potential of corn (Zea maysL.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.), grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench], peanut (Arachis hypogaeaL.), and soybean planted at two dates within the recommended planting window for full‐season production versus planting these crops after wheat harvest. The experimental design was a split plot, with summer crop serving as the whole plot unit and planting date within a crop serving as the subplot unit. Yield of corn, cotton, grain sorghum, peanut, and soybean in full‐season production exceeded that of double‐cropping with wheat in 5, 5, 2, 4, and 5 yr out of 5 yr of the study, respectively. Estimated economic returns were generated using the 10‐yr average (2008–2017) summer crop prices with the 10‐yr average wheat price. When considering all possible combinations of years and crops (n = 25), in only 20% of the possible combinations was the economic return of the double‐cropping system greater than economic return of full‐season crop production when compared with at least one of the planting dates within the traditional planting window.
Impact of minimal residual negativity using next generation flow cytometry on outcomes in light chain amyloidosis
Authors: Sidana Surbhi , Muchtar Eli , Sidiqi M. Hasib , Jevremovic Dragan , Dispenzieri Angela , Gonsalves Wilson , Buadi Francis , Lacy Martha Q. , Hayman Suzanne R. , Kourelis Taxiarchis , Kapoor Prashant , Go Ronald S. , Warsame Rahma , Leung Nelson , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Kyle Robert A. , Gertz Morie A. , Kumar Shaji K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe evaluated bone marrow minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity in 44 patients with light chain (AL) amyloidosis using next generation flow cytometry (sensitivity ≥1 × 10−5; median events analyzed: 8.7 million, range: 4.8 to 9.7 million). All patients underwent MRD testing in 2 years from start of therapy (median: 7 months). The overall MRD negative rate was 64% (n = 28). The MRD‐negative rate after one‐line of therapy was 71% (20/28). And, MRD negative rates were higher with stem‐cell transplant as first‐line therapy (86%, 18/21) vs chemotherapy alone as first‐line treatment (29%, 2/7), P = .005. The MRD negative rate amongst patients in complete response was 75% (15/20), and in very good partial response, 50% (11/22). There were two patients in partial response/rising light chains (with renal dysfunction) who were MRD negative. There were no differences in baseline characteristics of MRD negative vs MRD positive patients, except younger age amongst MRD‐negative patients. Patients with MRD negativity were more likely to have achieved cardiac response at the time of MRD assessment, 67% (8/12) vs 22% (2/7), P = .04. Renal response rates were similar in both groups. Progression free survival was assessed in the 42 patients achieving CR or VGPR. After median follow‐up of 14 months, the estimated 1‐year progression free survival in MRD negative vs MRD positive patients was 100% (26 patients, 0 events) vs 64% (16 patients, five events), P = .006, respectively. MRD assessment should be explored as a surrogate endpoint in clinical trials and MRD risk‐adapted trials may help optimize treatment in AL amyloidosis.
Joy and Challenges of Alkynylation of Arenes and Heteroarenes through Double C−H Functionalizations
Authors: Panda Biswajit 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA significant number of reactions have appeared in the literature regarding direct oxidative cross‐coupling of arenes and heteroarenes with terminal alkynes achieved through functionalization of C(SP2)−H and C(SP)−H bonds to provide the corresponding alkynylated products. The delights and difficulties of the direct alkynylation have been discussed thoroughly to enlighten this growing area. More emphasis is given to the successful implementation and improvement of various protocols for this transformation. Wherever necessary, the uniqueness of the methods has been shown by highlighting the substrate scope, selectivity, yields along with mechanistic consideration.
Do functional traits offset the effects of fragmentation? The case of large‐bodied diurnal lemur species
Authors: Eppley Timothy M. , Santini Luca , Tinsman Jen C. , Donati Giuseppe 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPrimates worldwide are faced with increasing threats making them more vulnerable to extinction. Anthropogenic disturbances, such as habitat degradation and fragmentation, are among the main concerns, and in Madagascar, these issues have become widespread. As this situation continues to worsen, we sought to understand how fragmentation affects primate distribution throughout the island. Further, because species may exhibit different sensitivity to fragmentation, we also aimed to estimate the role of functional traits in mitigating their response. We collated data from 32 large‐bodied lemur species ranges, consisting of species from the families Lemuridae (five genera) and Indriidae (two genera). We fitted Generalized Linear Models to determine the role of habitat fragmentation characteristics, for example, forest cover, patch size, edge density, and landscape configuration, as well as the protected area (PA) network, on the species relative probability of presence. We then assessed how the influence of functional traits (dietary guild, home range size) mitigate the response of species to these habitat metrics. Habitat area had a strong positive effect for many species, and there were significantly negative effects of fragmentation on the distribution of many lemur species. In addition, there was a positive influence of PAs on many lemur species’ distribution. Functional trait classifications showed that lemurs of all dietary guilds are negatively affected by fragmentation; however, folivore‐frugivores show greater flexibility/variability in terms of habitat area and landscape complexity compared to nearly exclusive folivores and frugivores. Furthermore, species of all home range sizes showed a negative response to fragmentation, while habitat area had an increasingly positive effect as home range increased in size. Overall, the general trends for the majority of lemur species are dire and point to the need for immediate actions on a multitude of fronts, most importantly landscape‐level reforestation efforts.
Visible‐Light Photocatalysis of Asymmetric [2+2] Cycloaddition in Cage‐Confined Nanospace Merging Chirality with Triplet‐State Photosensitization
Authors: Guo Jing , Fan Yan‐Zhong , Lu Yu‐Lin , Zheng Shao‐Ping , Su Cheng‐Yong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlthough the photodimerization of acenaphthylene (ACE) has been known for 100 years, the asymmetric cycloaddition of its 1‐substituted derivatives is unknown. Herein, we report a supramolecular photochirogenic approach in which a homochiral and photoactive Δ/Λ‐[Pd6(RuL3)8]28+ metal–organic cage (Δ/Λ‐MOC‐16) is used as a supramolecular reactor for the enantioselective exited‐state photocatalysis of 1‐Br‐ACE. Owing to preorganization of the substrates by the supramolecular cage, stereochemical control of the triplet state, and nanospace transfer of energy and chirality, the cycloaddition of ACE proceeded with high selectivity for the formation of anti over syn stereoisomers, whereas the regio‐, stereo‐, and enantioselective cycloaddition of unsymmetrical 1‐Br‐ACE showed effective enantiodifferentiation of a pair of anti head‐to‐head stereoisomers. The enzyme‐mimicking photocatalysis was verified by catalytic turnover, rate enhancement, and competing‐guest inhibition experiments.
Multiple‐State Emissions from Neat, Single‐Component Molecular Solids: Suppression of Kasha's Rule
Authors: Wu Ya‐Hang , Xiao Hongyan , Chen Bin , Weiss Richard G. , Chen Yu‐Zhe , Tung Chen‐Ho , Wu Li‐Zhu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThree rigid and structurally simple heterocyclic stilbene derivatives, (E)‐3H,3′H‐[1,1′‐biisobenzofuranylidene]‐3,3′‐dione, (E)‐3‐(3‐oxobenzo[c] thiophen‐1(3H)‐ylidene)isobenzofuran‐1(3H)‐one, and (E)‐3H,3′H‐[1,1′‐bibenzo[c] thiophenylidene]‐3,3′‐dione, are found to fluoresce in their neat solid phases, from upper (S2) and lowest (S1) singlet excited states, even at room temperature in air. Photophysical studies, single‐crystal structures, and theoretical calculations indicate that large energy gaps between S2 and S1 states (T2 and T1 states) as well as an abundance of intra and intermolecular hydrogen bonds suppress internal conversions of the upper excited states in the solids and make possible the fluorescence from S2 excited states (phosphorescence from T2 excited states). These results, including unprecedented fluorescence quantum yields (2.3–9.6 %) from the S2 states in the neat solids, establish a unique molecular skeleton for achieving multi‐colored emissions from upper excited states by “suppressing” Kasha's rule.
The Structure of Water Bonded to Phosphate Groups at the Electrified Zwitterionic Phospholipid Membranes/Aqueous Interface
Authors: Li Shanshan , Wu Lie , Zhang Xiaofei , Jiang Xiue 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGaining insight into the water structure at the electrified phospholipid membranes/aqueous interface is vital and essential for elucidating the mechanism of many biochemical reactions, but still remains a formidable challenge. Herein, based on the superiority of surface enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy combined with electrochemistry in interfacial analysis, the evolution of local water structure at the zwitterionic phospholipid membranes/aqueous interface with an external electric field is revealed by means of ion perturbation. The strongly hydrogen‐bonded water directly bonded to the phosphate groups (PO2−) has a strong mechanical strength to resist potential perturbations, and that portion of water greatly affects the electrostatic properties of the phospholipid membranes. This study innovates the basic understanding of electric double layer (EDL) at the membranes/aqueous interface.
Adsorption Properties of Hydrated Cr3+ Ions on Schiff‐base Covalent Organic Frameworks: A DFT Study
Authors: Wei Dongli , Zhang Anrui , Ai Yuejie , Wang Xiangke 
Published: February 2020

AbstractConsidering the superior physiochemical property, increasing efforts have been devoted to exploiting the covalent organic frameworks (COFs) materials on the environmental remediation of heavy metal ions. Water pollution caused by Cr3+ metal ions is of special concern for scientists and engineers. Notwithstanding all the former efforts made, it is surprising that very little is known about the interaction mechanisms between the hydrated Cr3+ metal ions and COF materials. In present context, density functional theory (DFT) method is used to elucidate geometric and electronic properties with the purpose of putting into theoretical perspective the application values and interaction mechanisms for COF materials on Cr3+ capture. The results showed that all the five selected Schiff‐base COFs materials displayed good adsorption performance on Cr3+ removal while the phenazine‐linked and imine‐COFs possessed the most favorable adsorption capacity due to the optimal chemical units and frameworks. The hydration effect was found to play a two‐side role in the adsorption process and interaction mechanisms, involving coordination, hydrogen bonds, as well as weak non‐covalent interactions, have been illuminated to explain the observed different adsorption behaviors. This study provides a general guidance for the design and selection of efficient COF materials as high‐capacity Cr3+ adsorbents.
Shear stress computation in a millimeter thin flat panel photobioreactor: Numerical design validated by experiments
Authors: Jiang Wenbiao , Levasseur Wendie , Casalinho Joel , Martin Thierry , Puel François , Perré Patrick , Pozzobon Victor 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFlat panels are the most spread type of photobioreactors for studying light effects on a microalgae culture. Their low thickness, usually between 1 and 3 cm, aims at ensuring light homogeneity across the culture. Yet because optical density has to remain very low, studies are still limited to low cell density cultures. To alleviate this problem, even thinner photobioreactors can be designed. Nevertheless, thin flat panel reactors are very prone to induce high shear stress. This work aimed at designing a new millimeter thin panel photobioreactor to study light effects on Chlorella and Scenedesmus genera. We proposed a numerical workflow that is capable of assessing the shear stress intensity in such a reactor. The numerical predictions were validated at three different levels: 2D preliminary simulations were able to reproduce bubble commonly known behaviors; close to the nozzle, the predictions were successfully confronted to shadowgraphy experimental reference; at the mini bioreactor scale, experimental and numerical mixing were found to be close. After these throughout validations, shear stress intensity in the photobioreactor was calculated over 1000 Lagrangian tracers. The experienced shear stress was agglomerated at the population level. From the computed shear stress, it was possible to choose the minimal reactor thickness that would not hinder cell growth.
A Bayesian spatiotemporal statistical analysis of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests
Authors: Peluso Stefano , Mira Antonietta , Rue Håvard , Tierney Nicholas John , Benvenuti Claudio , Cianella Roberto , Caputo Maria Luce , Auricchio Angelo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe propose a Bayesian spatiotemporal statistical model for predicting out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs). Risk maps for Ticino, adjusted for demographic covariates, are built for explaining and forecasting the spatial distribution of OHCAs and their temporal dynamics. The occurrence intensity of the OHCA event in each area of interest, and the cardiac risk‐based clustering of municipalities are efficiently estimated, through a statistical model that decomposes OHCA intensity into overall intensity, demographic fixed effects, spatially structured and unstructured random effects, time polynomial dependence, and spatiotemporal random effect. In the studied geography, time evolution and dependence on demographic features are robust over different categories of OHCAs, but with variability in their spatial and spatiotemporal structure. Two main OHCA incidence‐based clusters of municipalities are identified.
Analysis of chemometric models applied to Raman spectroscopy for monitoring key metabolites of cell culture
Authors: Rafferty Carl , Johnson Kjell , O'Mahony Jim , Burgoyne Barbara , Rea Rosemary , Balss Karin M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Food and Drug Administration (FDA) initiative of Process Analytical Technology (PAT) encourages the monitoring of biopharmaceutical manufacturing processes by innovative solutions. Raman spectroscopy and the chemometric modeling tool partial least squares (PLS) have been applied to this aim for monitoring cell culture process variables. This study compares the chemometric modeling methods of Support Vector Machine radial (SVMr), Random Forests (RF), and Cubist to the commonly used linear PLS model for predicting cell culture components—glucose, lactate, and ammonia. This research is performed to assess whether the use of PLS as standard practice is justified for chemometric modeling of Raman spectroscopy and cell culture data. Model development data from five small‐scale bioreactors (2 × 1 L and 3 × 5 L) using two Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines were used to predict against a manufacturing scale bioreactor (2,000 L). Analysis demonstrated that Cubist predictive models were better for average performance over PLS, SVMr, and RF for glucose, lactate, and ammonia. The root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of Cubist modeling was acceptable for the process concentration ranges of glucose (1.437 mM), lactate (2.0 mM), and ammonia (0.819 mM). Interpretation of variable importance (VI) results theorizes the potential advantages of Cubist modeling in avoiding interference of Raman spectral peaks. Predictors/Raman wavenumbers (cm−1) of interest for individual variables are X1139–X1141 for glucose, X846–X849 for lactate, and X2941–X2943 for ammonia. These results demonstrate that other beneficial chemometric models are available for use in monitoring cell culture with Raman spectroscopy.
Digital manufacturing course framework for senior aircraft manufacturing engineering undergraduates
Authors: Liu Hao , Jin Xia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDigital manufacture is a necessary part of modern aircraft construction. It has grown from its application in traditional structural part milling to be incorporated into the majority of aircraft manufacturing processes. Consequently, there is an emerging need for innovation in digital manufacturing courses to remain current with these rapid changes in the aircraft industry. This study focused on developing a new digital curriculum including computer‐aided design, computer‐aided manufacture, computer‐aided engineering, computer numerical control, virtual assembly, and product data management. The study included a literature survey on digital manufacturing course designs in which the limitations to traditional teaching activities with respect to digital manufacture were identified. A trend survey of aircraft manufacturing technologies was also presented to determine the aircraft industry's expectations for their new employees. A new digital curriculum design was presented that incorporated both existing digital manufacturing fundamental theories and practical tools into the course content. Finally, evaluations were successfully conducted to verify the effectiveness of our new digital curriculum.
Mobile devices use in analyzing the engineering students attitude towards programming by using a fuzzy logic technique
Authors: Ozdemir Ali , Balbal Kadriye Filiz , Senel Berat Can 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to use mobile devices in the determination of engineering students' attitudes towards programming by using a fuzzy logic technique. First of all, a mobile game that is played by engineering students is developed to make learning programming more enjoyable. After that, the proposed fuzzy logic‐based attitude determination system which runs on mobile devices comes into play. Student answers and gives points between 1 and 5 to the survey questions which are presented by the developed mobile application. These points are first evaluated in the fuzzification step by using membership functions and then the fuzzied input is given to the rule base step. To get crisp output value, fuzzied output is defuzzified at the last step of the fuzzy logic‐based system. Hence the attitude of the student towards programming is inferenced. The developed system is carried out with 100 first‐grade students of the software engineering department. Frequency, mean, standard deviation, normality, t test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) analyses are performed with the obtained data. Results show that the proposed fuzzy logic‐based system performs much better than the classical approach. As a result of Article Reliability Analysis of the Attitude Scale Towards Mobile Learning, the scale is found highly reliable. A significant difference is found in favor of fuzzy logic‐based attitude score among classical logic‐based attitude scores as a result of the paired‐samples t test. The results of t test and ANOVA tests according to gender, mother, and father education levels are found not statistically significant.