bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extrovert integrated management systems
Authors: Gianni Maria , Gotzamani Katerina 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this research is twofold; firstly, to propose and test a measuring instrument for the efficient and effective integration of management systems (MSs), identifying the particular aspects that may distinguish the substantive (internalized) from the superficial (ceremonial) integration; and secondly, to propose and test a scale for corporate sustainability performance (CSP).Design/methodology/approachA literature review has identified pertinent variables and yielded relevant measuring items. A field survey has been conducted. The survey instrument has been administered to Greek organizations certified to two or more MS standards. Collected data from 280 respondents has been processed using exploratory factor analysis.FindingsInternalization has been identified as the main construct to interpret substantial MS integration in terms of resources and the extent of integration. The extracted internalization factors are human resources, strategic resources, information systems, integration tools, outsourcing, internal processes integration level and audits' integration level. CSP has been operationalized in terms of the company's relationships with its stakeholders. The extracted CSP factors are customer–supplier relationship, the employees, investors/shareholders, financial institutions, the environment, state and society.Practical implicationsThis research findings can be used by management professionals, certification bodies and governmental authorities in order to foster the implementation of multiple MSs and highlight the critical issues for their successful integration and internalization, which is imperative for their prosperity and contribution toward CSP. Practitioners are also provided with an instrument to monitor CSP through the company's relationships with its stakeholders toward satisfaction of their needs.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first empirical study on the internalization of integrated MSs. In addition, the development of a CSP scale intends to bring together corporate sustainability management with CSP.
Research Note: On the error behaviour of force and moment sources in simplicial spectral finite elements
Authors: Mulder W.A. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTThe representation of a force or moment point source in a spectral finite‐element code for modelling elastic wave propagation becomes fundamentally different in degenerate cases where the source is located on the boundary of an element. This difference is related to the fact that the finite‐element basis functions are continuous across element boundaries, but their derivatives are not. A method is presented that effectively deals with this problem. Tests on one‐dimensional elements show that the numerical errors for a force source follow the expected convergence rate in terms of the element size, apart from isolated cases where superconvergence occurs. For a moment source, the method also converges but one order of accuracy is lost, probably because of the reduced regularity of the problem. Numerical tests in three dimensions on continuous mass‐lumped tetrahedral elements show a similar error behaviour as in the one‐dimensional case, although in three dimensions the loss of accuracy for the moment source is not a severe as a full order.
Not All Thin Markets Are Alike: The Case of Organic and Non‐genetically Engineered Corn and Soybeans
Authors: Raszap Skorbiansky Sharon , Adjemian Michael K 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe use time series methods to explore the relationship between prices for two different niche versions of feed corn and soybeans, and their conventional counterparts. Whereas organic versions are linearly cointegrated, and their premia are high and stable, non‐GE products – which are nonlinearly cointegrated – exhibit narrower premia that are subject to collapse. Because organics are also non‐GE, these differences point to the value of a well‐recognised and enforced USDA organic label and/or the importance consumers place on the non‐GE attributes of organic products.
Encapsulation of vitamin D3 in gum arabic to enhance bioavailability and stability for beverage applications
Authors: Lamsen Mary Ross L. , Wang Tiannan , D'Souza Doris , Dia Vermont , Chen Guoxun , Zhong Qixin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDelivery of vitamin D3 (VD3) in foods should exhibit desirable physicochemical characteristics and improves absorption. In this study, gum arabic (GA) was investigated as a VD3 carrier to encapsulate VD3. VD3 dissolved in 5 mL ethanol corresponding to 0.3 to 6.0% mass of GA, was blended in 5.0% w/v GA solution, followed by freeze drying. The encapsulation efficiency decreased while loading capacity increased with an increased amount of VD3. At the highest VD3 level, the loading capacity (3.47%) was the highest, and the encapsulation efficiency (61.24%) was satisfactory, and the treatment was further studied. The magnitude of negative zeta‐potential increased from 3.1 to 31.0 mV at pH 2.0 to 7.4. During the 100‐day storage at 3 °C of capsules reconstituted at pH 2.0 to 7.4, the hydrodynamic diameter decreased at all pH conditions, most evident for reduction to 81.3 nm at pH 7.4, and no precipitation was observed, indicating the significance of steric repulsion on capsule stability. Bioaccessibility of VD3 in capsules (95.76%) was significantly higher than the nonencapsulated VD3 (68.98%). The in vivo pharmacokinetic study in Sprague–Dawley rats after a single‐dose of 300 µg VD3 showed the area‐under‐curve of serum 25(OHD) level in 48 hr of the encapsulation treatment was 4.32‐fold of the nonencapsulated VD3 and more than twice higher than the VD3‐GA physical mixture. During 2‐week supplementation of 60 µg VD3/d, rats receiving capsules or physical mixture had 25(OH)D levels of at least 81 ng/mL higher than that of the nonencapsulated VD3 group. The studied encapsulation system holds great potential as a value‐added ingredient to supplement VD3 in beverages with a wide pH range.Practical ApplicationThe findings of this study demonstrated the improved dispersion stability and absorption of vitamin D3 after encapsulation in gum arabic. The capsules exhibited good dispersion stability across a pH range between 2.0 and 7.4, showing potential application in beverages. Furthermore, the enhanced absorption of VD3 after encapsulation highlights the nutritional benefits of the studied encapsulation system.
A new method for matching gold nanoparticle‐based time–temperature indicators with muffins without obtaining activation energy
Authors: Zhang Lixuan , Sun Ruonan , Yu Hufei , Yu Hailong , Xu Gaolei , Deng Liming , Qian Jing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTime–temperature indicators (TTIs) can monitor the quality and safety of food. A new temperature–time point comparison method was proposed to match TTIs with food. This method omits the step of calculating activation energy (Ea). It only compares the difference between TTI response time and food shelf life to determine their matching degree. Taking gold nanoparticle‐based TTIs and muffins as experimental objects, the new and the traditional matching methods were used to match the absorbance of TTI and the peroxide value of muffins. The two results are not significantly different. TTIs with gelatin solution and gold precursor solution concentration of 150.00 and 2.05 mg/mL, respectively, can show the quality of muffins. TTIs changed from light yellow to pink and finally appeared deep purple. The deep purple represented spoilage and inedibility of muffins. Comparing Ea of food and that of TTIs can preliminarily evaluate their matching degree, improving the experiment efficiency. Hence, it is reasonable to use the traditional matching method in most cases, and use the new method only when Ea of food cannot be obtained.Practical ApplicationThe deterioration rate of food is usually calculated by developing kinetic models of characteristic quality parameters. When the reaction rate is unavailable or inaccurate, the activation energy of food cannot be obtained. In this case, it is impossible to match TTIs with food based on the traditional method. This research develops a new matching method and helps TTIs and food to be matched without considering activation energy. It will promote the application of TTIs in more products.
Modification of the physicochemical and structural characteristics of zein suspension by dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma treatment
Authors: Li Nan , Yu Jiao‐jiao , Jin Nan , Chen Yue , Li Shu‐hong , Chen Ye 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOwing to the strong hydrophobicity of zein, improved solubility is required to enhance the recovery of bioactive peptides. Using a zein suspension prepared by the antisolvent precipitation method, the impact of varying the voltage during dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) treatment on the physicochemical and conformational properties of zein in water was investigated. Analysis of the particle size, specific surface area, and free sulfhydryl content indicated that the protein solubility was maximized by treatment at 70 V for 70 s. DBD treatment destroyed covalent bonds and introduced some hydrophilic groups onto the zein surface, thus enhancing the contact area with water molecules and leading to a more uniform dispersion. A decrease in the hydrodynamic radius of zein micelles indicated that intermolecular interactions were disrupted, thus improving dispersion stability. A more hydrophilic microenvironment was formed owing to the reduction in hydrophobic interactions. Additionally, evaluation of the secondary structure demonstrated that DBD treatment broke hydrogen bonds, resulting in a loose conformation with more exposed sites of action for water. These results are expected to facilitate the development of technologies for improving utilization of zein.Practical ApplicationStrong hydrophobicity limits the application of zein in the food industry. The study indicated that DBD treatment could promote loose structure, and improve dispersion stability and hydrophilicity of zein suspension prepared by antisolvent precipitation method. This work revealed the potential of cold plasma treatment for modifying zein and other insoluble proteins, which would expand their scope of application.
Sleep disorders and risk of dementia in patients with new‐onset type 2 diabetes: A nationwide population‐based cohort study
Authors: Jin Dallae , Choi Jae Woo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study examined the relationship between sleep disorders and the risk of dementia in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.MethodsThis study used the Korean Health Screening Cohort data and included 39 135 subjects aged ≥40 years with new‐onset type 2 diabetes between 2004 and 2007, with follow‐up throughout 2013. Sleep disorders were measured by F51(sleep disorders not due to a substance or known physiological condition) or G47(sleep disorders) under International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD‐10) codes as a primary diagnosis, and the adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) and 95% CI of all‐cause dementia, Alzheimer disease, vascular dementia, and other dementia were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models.ResultsIn the patients with type 2 diabetes with an age range between 42 and 84 years (M = 57.8, SD = 9.5), this study identified 2059 events of dementia during an average follow‐up time of 5.7 years. In patients with type 2 diabetes, subjects with sleep disorders were associated with an increased risk of all‐cause dementia (AHR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.19‐1.80), Alzheimer disease (AHR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.02‐1.88), and other dementia (AHR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.23‐2.31) compared to those without sleep disorders. Men (AHR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.42‐2.62) and older adults (AHR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.35‐2.15) with sleep disorders were associated with an increased risk of dementia than their counterparts without sleep disorders among patients with type 2 diabetes.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that sleep disorders are significantly associated with an increased risk of dementia in patients with new‐onset type 2 diabetes.
A controversial topic in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Association between biologic agents and malignancy
Authors: Koker Oya , Sahin Sezgin , Adrovic Amra , Yildiz Mehmet , Barut Kenan , Gulle Bugra , Eker Omeroglu Rukiye , Kasapcopur Ozgur 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveOver the last 2 decades, the usage of biological agents in the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) has been a successful and promising approach in controlling disease activity and preventing chronic sequelae. However, there are ongoing concerns about the long‐term safety data and side‐effect profile. We aimed to present preliminary data on the incidence of malignancy in patients with JIA treated with biological agents versus the general population rates in Turkey.MethodA single‐center hospital‐based cohort study was performed to analyze cancer occurrence among JIA patients treated with biologic agents during the observation period between January 2004 and May 2019. As reference data for direct standardization, age, gender, and calendar year‐specific incidence rates from the Turkish cancer registry were used. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR, ratio of cancers observed to expected) was generated with 95% confidence intervals.ResultsThe study sample consisted of 1023 JIA patients who had been treated with biologic or non‐biologic agents. In the biologic‐experienced group (n = 656), the mean age (at the study) was 16.7 ± 5.6 years. The mean length of follow‐up was 9.9 ± 5.0 years. One cancer was detected within the observation period (SIR: 1.3, 95% CI: 0.06‐6.3). The patient was an 18‐year‐old male who had previously received etanercept and tocilizumab until the diagnosis of the hematologic malignancy (SIR: 2.5, 95% CI: 0.1‐12.6).ConclusionPatients treated with biologic agents appeared to have an increased rate of incident hematologic malignancy versus the general population in Turkey. However, before mentioning a clear causal relationship, other potential contributing factors should be taken into consideration.
Semi‐portable solar power to facilitate continuous operation of technology in the field
Authors: Proppe Darren S. , Pandit Meelyn M. , Bridge Eli S. , Jasperse Philip , Holwerda Charles 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

The use of technology in field ecology is increasing rapidly and many applications require that equipment operates autonomously for weeks, months or even years. While reducing power requirements can extend the battery life of many field devices, research time frames are always limited without renewable power. However, commercially available units that provide autonomous solar power are either prohibitively expensive or too small to sustain continuous operation for many field devices.

We describe a semi‐portable, field deployable solar unit that can provide sustainable power for a wide variety of field devices, including passive acoustic recorders, motion‐activated cameras, speakers and microcomputers. Depending on power needs, these units can be built in‐house for only a few hundred dollars (USD) with minimal access to tools or shop facilities. Further, we provide information on how to calculate power requirements and modify the system design to accommodate user needs.

We have used these units effectively in the field for six research seasons, with continuous autonomous operation varying between 2 weeks and 8 months. Batteries and other parts are easily accessed and replaced if needed.

Our example system can be modified to provide different output voltage (e.g. 12, 5 V), or to power audio speakers. We also describe a switch that can be placed within the unit to regulate power production to certain times of the day or week. Our aim is to facilitate the use of electronics in the field for ecologists who may lack funding, time or the expertise to design a system independently.
Low‐dose hydrocortisone in patients with COVID‐19 and severe hypoxia (COVID STEROID) trial—Protocol and statistical analysis plan
Authors: Petersen Marie Warrer , Meyhoff Tine Sylvest , Helleberg Marie , Kjær Maj‐Brit Nørregaard , Granholm Anders , Hjortsø Carl Johan Steensen , Jensen Thomas Steen , Møller Morten Hylander , Hjortrup Peter Buhl , Wetterslev Mik , Vesterlund Gitte Kingo , Russell Lene , Jørgensen Vibeke Lind , Tjelle Klaus , Benfield Thomas , Ulrik Charlotte Suppli , Andreasen Anne Sofie , Mohr Thomas , Bestle Morten H. , Poulsen Lone Musaeus , Hitz Mette Friberg , Hildebrandt Thomas , Knudsen Lene Surland , Møller Anders , Sølling Christoffer Grant , Brøchner Anne Craveiro , Rasmussen Bodil Steen , Nielsen Henrik , Christensen Steffen , Strøm Thomas , Cronhjort Maria , Wahlin Rebecka Rubenson , Jakob Stephan , Cioccari Luca , Venkatesh Balasubramanian , Hammond Naomi , Jha Vivekanand , Myatra Sheila Nainan , Gluud Christian , Lange Theis , Perner Anders 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 has caused a pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) with many patients developing hypoxic respiratory failure. Corticosteroids reduce the time on mechanical ventilation, length of stay in the intensive care unit and potentially also mortality in similar patient populations. However, corticosteroids have undesirable effects, including longer time to viral clearance. Clinical equipoise on the use of corticosteroids for COVID‐19 exists.MethodsThe COVID STEROID trial is an international, randomised, stratified, blinded clinical trial. We will allocate 1000 adult patients with COVID‐19 receiving ≥10 L/min of oxygen or on mechanical ventilation to intravenous hydrocortisone 200 mg daily vs placebo (0.9% saline) for 7 days. The primary outcome is days alive without life support (ie mechanical ventilation, circulatory support, and renal replacement therapy) at day 28. Secondary outcomes are serious adverse reactions at day 14; days alive without life support at day 90; days alive and out of hospital at day 90; all‐cause mortality at day 28, day 90, and 1 year; and health‐related quality of life at 1 year. We will conduct the statistical analyses according to this protocol, including interim analyses for every 250 patients followed for 28 days. The primary outcome will be compared using the Kryger Jensen and Lange test in the intention to treat population and reported as differences in means and medians with 95% confidence intervals.DiscussionThe COVID STEROID trial will provide important evidence to guide the use of corticosteroids in COVID‐19 and severe hypoxia.
Disparities in Care: The Role of Race on the Utilization of Physical Restraints in the Emergency Setting
Authors: Schnitzer Kristina , Merideth Flannery , Macias‐Konstantopoulos Wendy , Hayden Douglas , Shtasel Derri , Bird Suzanne 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveRace‐based bias in health care occurs at organizational, structural, and clinical levels and impacts emergency medical care. Limited literature exists on the role of race on patient restraint in the emergency setting. This study sought to examine the role of race in physical restraint in an emergency department (ED) at a major academic medical center.MethodsRetrospective chart analysis was performed, querying all adult ED visits over a 2‐year period (2016–2018) at Massachusetts General Hospital. The associations between race and restraint and selected covariates (sex, insurance, age, diagnosis, homelessness, violence) were analyzed.ResultsOf the 195,092 unique ED visits by 120,469 individuals over the selected period, 2,658 (1.4%) involved application of a physical restraint by health care providers. There was a significant effect of race on restraint (p < 0.0001). The risk ratio (RR) for Asian patients compared to white patients was 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.55 to 0.92, p = 0.009). The RR for Black patients compared to white patients was 1.22 (95% CI = 1.05 to 1.40, p = 0.007). Visits with patients having characteristics of male sex, public or no insurance, younger age, diagnoses pertaining to substance use, diagnoses pertaining to psychotic or bipolar disorders, current homelessness, and a history of violence were more likely to result in physical restraint.ConclusionsThere was a significant effect of race on restraint that remained when controlling for sex, insurance, age, diagnosis, homelessness, and history of violence, all of which additionally conferred independent effects on risk. These results warrant a careful examination of current practices and potential biases in utilization of restraint in emergency settings.
Context‐dependent behaviour and connectivity of recolonizing brown bear populations identify transboundary conservation challenges in Central Europe
Authors: Recio M. R. , Knauer F. , Molinari‐Jobin A. , Huber Đ. , Filacorda S. , Jerina K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFollowing historical restrictions to isolated and patchy populations, large carnivores like the brown bear Ursus arctos are recolonizing areas of their historical range in Europe. This process is of particular interest in the Alps and the Dinaric Mountains in Central Europe, the largest mountain range in the continent and of transboundary conservation interest. To assist policies focused on the expansion of bears in this region, we conducted habitat selection analyses accounting for different behaviour between three populations (Trentino, pre‐Alps and Dinaric) where bears have adapted to different intensities of human persecution. We then identified the landscape connectivity between these fragmented populations that could provide viable habitat and stepping‐stone patches for recolonization. To handle individual and population differences in space‐use, we modelled habitat selection per population from an individual‐level and integrated results into a multi‐population model using scale‐integrated resource selection functions. We then calculated connectivity indices per patch and the contribution of various countries involved in bear management in the region to enhancing connectivity. Bears mostly selected forests across all populations while preferences for other variables differed among populations and across scales. Bears in the highly humanized habitats of the Trentino selected the most intricate topography, where they could more easily find refuge. Suitable but fragmented habitat patches were common all over the study area with the most suitable habitat in the pre‐Alpine and Dinaric populations. However, the Trentino and pre‐Alp included the patches of maximum/medium priority as stepping‐stones to connect these populations. Transboundary initiatives for the conservation of existing habitat and the facilitation of connectivity are required to promote current bear expansion and reduce conflicts with humans. Our framework provides insight into the adaptive behaviour of large carnivores in human‐dominated landscapes in a conservation context.