bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Friendship, Family, and Community
Authors: Haseldine Julian P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFriendship, family, and community were central to the ways in which members of religious communities understood and negotiated their relationships with one another and with the societies around them. In many respects the religious vocation was defined in relation to these concepts, all of which were, in different ways and at different times, treated by contemporary monks and nuns as subjects for spiritual, ethical, or political thought. The same themes have been approached by historians from a range of analytical perspectives which relate to broader scholarly agendas, including the histories of emotions, social capital, trust, and networks. This chapter considers these three subjects in relation to the history of the religious orders and describes some emerging themes. While varied, they all reflect to some degree a longer-term change from the histories of individual institutions to the study of religious communities as embedded in the societies and cultures of premodern Europe.
The Anglican Tradition
Authors: McCoy Adam D. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Anglican monasticism began in the 1840s and was associated with the Anglo-Catholic movement. Women’s communities, which were focused on nursing, teaching, and social work, grew quickly, while men’s communities developed later and more slowly. Fears of Roman Catholicism initially caused new communities to avoid traditional forms of monasticism in favour of the more recent models of the Visitation, Daughters of Charity, and Mercy Sisters. Anglican monasticism quickly spread to North America, Africa, Asia, Australia, and Melanesia. The years since have seen the emergence of characteristically Anglican notions of community formation, rules, governance, and spirituality. The Second Vatican Council had a profound effect on the Anglo-Catholic movement, leading to significant changes in Anglican monastic communities—among them a greater willingness to experiment with different kinds of community life. Many areas of research are open.
The Architecture of the Ascetic Body
Authors: Coon Lynda 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis chapter argues that the sensory, corporeal, and spatial practices of desert ascetics transmuted into a technique of Christian imperialism in the later Roman Empire. It is divided into two sections: ‘Fortress of the Ascetic Body’ and ‘Spatial Practice of the Ascetic Body’. The first section surveys ways in which the Christian body vanquished its classical counterpart through sensory, material, and spatial techniques. The second part of the chapter applies the corporeal theory established in the first section to build the architecture of the ascetic body, a new direction for scholarship in the field. The essay concludes by suggesting methods through which the material, sensory, and architectural world of late ancient asceticism travelled across the Alps to the monasteries of the early medieval North, where the ideal of the desert became part of the everyday experience of monks.
Monasticism in Latin America
Authors: Hernández Sandoval Bonar L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of the historiography of monasticism in late colonial and modern-day Latin America. Current scholarship focuses on three main areas: the effects of secularization on the economic and spiritual life of monastic orders; the appearance of new monastic sensibilities and definitions of what it means to be a monk and a nun in a postcolonial setting; and the symbiotic relationship between monasticism and Latin American societies. The chapter concludes by suggesting future areas of research, in the process calling for more attention to the relationship between monastics and indigenous peoples, as well as to the transnational links between monastic orders in Latin America, other parts of the Global South, and Western societies.
Exploring How Personal, Social, and Institutional Characteristics Contribute to Geriatric Medicine Subspecialty Decisions: A Qualitative Study of Trainees’ Perceptions
Authors: Raj Minakshi , Platt Jodyn E. , Anthony Denise L. , Fitzgerald James T. , Lee Shoou-Yih Daniel 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
To explore internal medicine residents’ and geriatrics fellows’ perceptions of how personal, social, and institutional characteristics contribute to their professional identity and subspecialty decisions related to geriatric medicine.

Method
The authors conducted 23 in-depth, semistructured interviews with internal medicine residents, with and without an interest in geriatrics, and geriatrics fellows across 3 academic medical centers in the United States from October 2018 through June 2019. They then used a qualitative narrative approach to analyze the interview data.

Results
Trainees related personal experiences, such as exposure to physicians and experiences with grandparents, to their interest in medicine. Trainees with an interest in geriatrics at 2 institutions did not feel supported, or understood, by peers and mentors in their respective institutions but maintained their interest in the field. The following variations between institutions that are supportive and those that are not were noted: the number of geriatricians, the proximity of the institution to geriatrics clinics, and the ways in which institutional leaders portrayed the prestige of geriatric medicine. Institutional characteristics influenced trainees’ understanding of what it meant to be a doctor, what meaning they garnered from work as a physician, and their comfort with different types of complexity, such as those presented when providing care to older adults.

Conclusions
Institutional characteristics may be particularly important in shaping trainee interest in geriatric medicine. Institutions should encourage leadership training and opportunities for geriatricians so they can serve as role models and as hands-on mentors for trainees beginning in medical school. Increasing the number of geriatricians requires institutions to increase the value they place on geriatrics to generate a positive interest in this field among trainees. Institutions facilitating formation of professional identity and sense of purpose in work may consider engaging geriatricians in leadership and mentoring roles as well as curriculum development.
Impact of COVID-19 Related Policy Changes on Buprenorphine Dispensing in Texas
Authors: Thornton James Douglas , Varisco Tyler J. , Bapat Shweta S. , Downs Callie G. , Shen Chan 
Published: October 2020

Objectives:
To measure the change in the daily number of patients receiving buprenorphine and buprenorphine prescribers during the early phase of the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in Texas.

Methods:
Counts of the number of patients filling and number of providers prescribing buprenorphine were calculated for each weekday between November 4, 2019 and May 12, 2020. The change in daily patients and prescribers between March 2, 2020 and May 12, 2020, was modeled as a change in slope compared to the baseline period using autoregressive, interrupted time series regression.

Results:
The rate of change of daily buprenorphine prescriptions (β = −1.75, 95% CI = −5.8–2.34) and prescribers (β = −0.32, 95% CI = −1.47–0.82) declined insignificantly during the COVID-19 period compared to the baseline.

Conclusions:
Despite a 57% decline in ambulatory care utilization in the south-central US during March and April of 2020, health services utilization related to buprenorphine in Texas remained robust. Protecting access to buprenorphine as the COVID-19 pandemic continues to unfold will require intensive efforts from clinicians and policy makers alike. While the presented results are promising, researchers must continue monitoring and exploring the clinical and humanistic impact of COVID-19 on the treatment of substance use disorders.
Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage With a Mini-Sponge Tamponade Device
Authors: Rodriguez Maria I. , Bullard Mary , Jensen Jeffrey T. , Gregory Kenton , Vwalika Bellington , Barofsky Andrew D. , Marts Tola , Edelman Alison B. 
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND:
Postpartum hemorrhage is a leading cause of maternal mortality globally. A tamponade agent that can be quickly and easily placed in a range of settings could advance the treatment of atonic hemorrhage.

METHOD:
We adapted a highly effective trauma dressing for use in postpartum hemorrhage. This mini-sponge tamponade device is comprised of two components: compressed mini-sponges contained within a strong mesh pouch and a tubular applicator. Compressed mini-sponges rapidly absorb blood, expand within seconds, and exert sustained pressure uniformly to bleeding sites. The sponges are deployed within a mesh pouch to facilitate simple vaginal removal.

EXPERIENCE:
We successfully placed the mini-sponge device in nine patients experiencing postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal birth, with resolution of bleeding within 1 minute. The mean time to place the device was 62 seconds. Uterine fill was documented in all cases by ultrasound scan, and device placement was rated as “easy” to “very easy.” Mini-sponges were left in place on average for 1 hour (0.5 hours–14 hours). Bleeding did not recur. There were no adverse events; all patients remained afebrile and did not require subsequent surgical intervention.

CONCLUSION:
This study supports further evaluation of the mini-sponge device for the management of postpartum hemorrhage.

FUNDING:
This study was funded by OBSTETRX, Inc.
Successful rescue with videolaryngoscopy after failed fibroscopy in anticipated difficult airway: case series
Authors: González-Giraldo Daniela , Largo-Pineda Carlos Eriel , Zamudio-Burbano Mario Andrés 
Published: October 2020

Introduction:
In the management of the anticipated difficult airway (DA), awake intubation is the strategy of choice. In this context, flexible fibroscopy is the tool most widely used as the first choice. However, there is always the rare case where it may fail.
Important findings:

Six successful rescue cases using videolaryngoscopy following failed fibroscopy in patients with anticipated DA, and 1 case of rescued extubation of an airway previously secured with fiberoptic bronchoscopy.
Conclusion:

Videolaringoscopy may be an adequate tool to use as a backup plan for the management of an anticipated DA.
Improving the identification of genitourinary syndrome of menopause through the utilization of the Day-to-Day Impact of Vaginal Aging questionnaire
Authors: Mastroianni Jennie , Thompson Julie A. , Shifren Jan L. , Zuckerman Andrea L. , Pereira Katherine 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective:
Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) affects nearly 50% of postmenopausal women. Yet women fail to recognize GSM as a chronic condition and are reluctant to discuss their vaginal or sexual complaints with a health care provider. This quality improvement project implemented the Day-to-Day Impact of Vaginal Aging (DIVA) questionnaire to improve the identification and diagnosis of GSM in women ≥ 45 years of age presenting for an annual wellness examination or a vulvovaginal/genitourinary complaint.

Methods:
From October 2019 to February 2020, the DIVA questionnaire was distributed in a large women's health practice setting to women ≥ 45 years of age, for completion before their annual wellness visit or for evaluation of a GSM-related complaint. GSM diagnosis rates during the implementation period were compared with diagnosis rates during a 4-month period immediately preceding the implementation. Data collected during the implementation period were examined to evaluate if GSM diagnosis was more likely in patients who completed the DIVA questionnaire when compared to those women who did not complete the questionnaire.

Results:
Of the 175 women who met the inclusion criteria, 113 completed the DIVA questionnaire. Completion of the DIVA questionnaire demonstrated a relative percentage increase in GSM diagnosis by 30.7% when compared to the 4-month preimplementation period (10.1% to 13.2%, P = 0.231). This change was not statistically significant. During the implementation period, a statistically significant difference in GSM diagnosis was observed for patients who completed the DIVA questionnaire when compared to those patients who did not complete the questionnaire (37.2% vs 9.7%, P < 0.001). When results were stratified by visit type, women presenting for an annual wellness visit who completed the DIVA questionnaire had a higher GSM diagnosis rate than those who did not complete the questionnaire (37.2% vs 10%, P < 0.001). When results were stratified by menopausal status, GSM diagnosis rates were also more likely for postmenopausal women who completed the DIVA questionnaire when compared to those who did not complete the questionnaire (44.2% vs 8.5%, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
The DIVA questionnaire is a brief, but comprehensive screening tool that can increase GSM identification and treatment, particularly for postmenopausal, and midlife women presenting for an annual wellness visit in a busy women's health practice setting.

Video Summary:

http://links.lww.com/MENO/A655.
Using the 6-min Walk Test to Monitor Peak Oxygen Uptake Response to Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Chirico Daniele , Davidson Travis W. , Terada Tasuku , Scott Kyle , Keast Marja-Leena , Reid Robert D. , Pipe Andrew L. , Reed Jennifer L. 
Published: October 2020

Purpose:
We examined the agreement between peak oxygen uptake (V˙o2peak), estimated using prediction equations from the 6-min Walk Test (6MWT), and V˙o2peak measured using a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX) to estimate change in V˙o2peak in patients with heart failure (HF) enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation (CR).

Methods:
This was secondary analysis of 54 (including 9 women) patients with HF who completed a clinical CR program. Four previously published equations using 6MWT distance were used to estimate V˙o2peak and were compared with a CPX at baseline, follow-up, and change using the standard and modified Bland-Altman method. Analyses were repeated for quartiles of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) based on measured V˙o2peak from the CPX.

Results:
Bland-Altman plots revealed proportional bias between all prediction equations and the measured V˙o2peak. The difference between methods varied by the level of CRF, with overestimation of prediction equations at greater levels of CRF and underestimation at lower levels of CRF. This poor agreement remained when comparisons were made between the estimated and measured V˙o2peak values at quartiles of CRF, indicating prediction equations have limited ability to predict V˙o2peak at any level of CRF.

Conclusion:
Estimated V˙o2peak using 6MWT distance demonstrated poor agreement with measured V˙o2peak from a CPX. While distance ambulated on the 6MWT remains an important measure of physical performance in patients with HF, prediction equations using 6MWT distance are not appropriate to monitor changes in V˙o2peak following CR in patients with HF.
Long-term Cardiac Maintenance Programming
Authors: Christle Jeffrey W. , Baumgartner Michaela , Zelger Otto , Lammel Christoph , Haller Bernhard , Bjarnason-Wehrens Birna , Myers Jon , Hamm Larry F. , Froelicher Victor , Halle Martin , Pressler Axel 
Published: October 2020

Purpose:
Greater than 65% of all cardiac mortality is related to coronary artery disease (CAD). Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) aims to reduce cardiovascular risk and number of hospital readmissions. Cardiac maintenance programs (CMPs) are designed to sustain or improve health after completing early CR. Although CMPs are supported by most national health guidelines, few long-term studies on these diverse programs have been performed.

Methods:
This was a retrospective repeated-measures analysis with case-controlled subanalysis. Within-subject differences for CMP participants were examined between enrollment and last clinical visit. Assessments included medical history, anthropometry, blood analysis, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. A subset of 20 CMP participants were compared with 20 patients with CAD who chose not to participate in CMP, matched for age, sex, and follow-up duration.

Results:
A total of 207 patients (60 ± 9 yr, 16% female) were included for the primary analyses. Average follow-up was 6.3 ± 4.8 yr (range 4-20 yr). CMP participants reduced peak workload (1.76 ± 0.56 to 1.60 ± 0.58 W/kg; P < .001) and aerobic capacity (26.1 ± 6.2 to 24.6 ± 7.1 mL/kg/min; P = .003). High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol increased significantly (48 ± 12 to 51 ± 14 mg/dL; P < .001), whereas all other metabolic risk factors remained unaffected. Matched controls had higher functional capacity (2.35 ± 0.81 vs 1.56 ± 0.52 W/kg; P < .001) and lower body mass index (25.3 ± 3.6 vs 28.6 ± 3.9 kg/m2) at baseline, but no significant differences with respect to long-term efficacy were observed.

Conclusions:
Long-term participation in CMP did not result in maintaining functional capacity or cardiovascular risk profile in patients with CAD. However, compared with matched nonparticipants, CMP participants (are more deconditioned at baseline) but do not seem to deteriorate as quickly.
Cool Crosslinking: Riboflavin at 4°C for Pain Management After Crosslinking for Keratoconus Patients, A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Toro-Giraldo Laura , Morales Flores Norma , Santana-Cruz Omar , Ramirez-Miranda Arturo , Navas Alejandro , Olivo-Payne Andrew , Lichtinger Alejandro , Jimenez-Corona Aida , Graue-Hernández Enrique O. 
Published: October 2020

Purpose:
To explore corneal cooling as a method of pain management in corneal-accelerated collagen cross-linking.

Methods:
This was a prospective and interventional randomized clinical trial registered in the National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials through the identifier NCT030760770. The research was conducted at the Institute of Ophthalmology “Conde de Valenciana.” A total of 98 patients were randomly assigned to one of the following 2 groups: cold riboflavin (4°C) group or control group (riboflavin at room temperature). The inclusion criteria were patients of any sex, older than 18 years of age with keratoconus diagnosis who needed management with cross-linking in both eyes because of the evidence of progression. The exclusion criteria were patients who had cross-linking without epithelial debridement, unilateral cross-linking, or any other ocular pathologies besides keratoconus and any cognitive incapacity that would make the understanding of the pain test difficult. The main outcome measures were pain, tearing, photophobia, foreign body sensation, and irritation.

Results:
At 2 hours post-op, pain in the case and control groups was 3.80 ± 3.00 and 8.08 ± 2.21 (P < 0.05), tearing was 1.56 ± 1.96 and 8.29 ± 2.42 (P < 0.05), photophobia was 5.44 ± 3.57 and 7.83 ± 2.64 (P < 0.05), foreign body sensation was 2.20 ± 2.78 and 6.54 ± 2.73 (P < 0.05), and irritation was 3.48 ± 2.98 and 6.79 ± 3.00 (P < 0.05), respectively. A statistical significant difference was maintained in pain values on day 1 (2.79 ± 3.09 and 4.91 ± 3.27 [P < 0.05]), 2 (2.54 ± 2.41 and 4.00 ± 2.43 [P < 0.05]), and 4 (0.45 ± 0.76 and 1.22 ± 1.67 [P < 0.05]).

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated that pain and associated symptoms decreased significantly in the riboflavin 4°C group.
Brief Report: Proportion and Predictors of Adult TB Contacts Accepting HIV Testing During an Active TB Case Finding Intervention in South Africa
Authors: Albaugh Nicholas W. , Nonyane Bareng A. S. , Mmolawa Lesego , Siwelana Tsundzukani , Lebina Limakatso , Dowdy David W. , Martinson Neil , Hanrahan Colleen F. 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Many individuals at risk for HIV may be reached through active TB case finding interventions in areas with highly prevalent co-epidemics of TB/HIV.

Methods:
We analyzed data from a cluster-randomized trial of 2 TB case finding strategies: facility-based screening and contact investigation of newly identified TB cases. In both arms, on-site rapid HIV testing was offered to all contacts older than 18 months who did not self-report HIV-positive status. Those who were HIV infected were referred appropriately. All contacts 15 years and older were included in this analysis.

Results:
Among 2179 contacts identified, 50% (1092) accepted HIV testing and counselling, of whom 6.3% (68) tested HIV-positive. Contacts who were unemployed [adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) 1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04 to 1.25], had not been to a clinic (aPR 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.18) or HIV tested (aPR 1.25, 95% CI: 1.14 to 1.39) 6 months before, and those reporting gastrointestinal symptoms (aPR 1.22, 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.52) and genitourinary symptoms (aPR 1.30, 95% CI: 1.17 to 1.45) were significantly associated with accepting HIV testing. Women [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.19, 95% CI: 1.26 to 3.81], individuals with a past history of tuberculosis (aOR 1.96, 95% CI: 0.93 to 4.14), and those not HIV tested 6 months before (aOR 2.20, 95% CI: 1.28 to 3.79) were significantly associated with testing HIV-positive.

Conclusion:
Offering HIV testing in the context of active tuberculosis case finding represents an opportunity to identify a large proportion of previously undiagnosed individuals with HIV in a population that might otherwise not seek testing.
Comparison of 99mTc-Tilmanocept and Hybrid Indocyanine Green–99mTc-Albumin Nanocolloid Drainage in a Patient With Melanoma in the Scalp
Authors: Valhondo-Rama Raquel , Sánchez Izquierdo Nuria , Tapias Mesa Andrés , Perissinotti Andrés , Vidal-Sicart Sergi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We present the planar lymphoscintigraphies and SPECT/CT images of a 60-year-old man diagnosed as having melanoma (Breslow 1.8 mm) in left parietal scalp, close to head midline. Sentinel lymph node biopsy using 99mTc-tilmanocept was performed, but the surgery was canceled. Two weeks later, sentinel lymph node biopsy was repeated, but using the hybrid radiotracer indocyanine green–99mTc-albumin nanocolloid. The lymphatic drainage in left laterocervical region was similar with these 2 radiotracers, but on the right side, more sentinel lymph nodes were detected with nanocolloid compared with tilmanocept.
Mandibular Fracture in a Patient Taking a Direct Oral Anticoagulant
Authors: Sasaki Ryo , Okamoto Toshihiro , Sangu Noriko Miyamoto , Kudo Satoshi , Ando Tomohiro 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A 74-year-old man presented with hemorrhage from the mandible after an injury caused by a 5 × 3 × 3-cm metal square column flying from a 45-ton press machine that struck the right side of his face. He is a known atrial fibrillation patient and is on rivaroxaban, a direct oral anticoagulant. An approximately 8-cm Y-shaped wound with persistent hemorrhage was observed in the right mandible, and the mandible was displaced between the right mandibular canine and first premolar. Although the patient showed no dyspnea, the sublingual region showed a slight dark purple swelling; fiberoptic nasal intubation was performed. Computed tomography at 3.5 hours after the injury revealed a comminuted fracture of the right mandibular body, edema at the floor of the mouth, nasal cavity, upper pharynx to hypopharynx, and the pharyngeal airway around the endotracheal tube. Open reduction and internal fixation were performed. Rivaroxaban was started again 3 days after surgery.