bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultimate strength analysis of CFRP confined concrete using finite element method (FEM)
Authors: Mukhtar Z Z , AbWahid A H H , Bakar A A , Fitriadhy A , Majid M S Abdul , Saat A M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a comparison with experimental data of CFRP confined concrete column damage. The study investigates the behaviour of CFRP confined concrete beams against the experimental results. It also investigates the influence of different parameters on the behaviour of the FRP confined concrete column. The ABAQUS code was used to develop finite element models for simulation of the damage behaviour of the beams. The concrete was modelled using a plastic-damage model which is a perfect bond model and were evaluated for the concrete-FRP confinement interface. The results showed that when the thickness of carbon-fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP) proportional to the load capacity of the beam for both shear and compressive strength. The maximum load increases with an incremental of CFRP thickness. From the simulation results, the load- deflection relationships have been analysed and the FEM results agreed well with the experiments data. Finally, the study shows that the differences between the results of finite element analysis and experimental tests are in an acceptable range.
New bio-based nanolubricants for turning of Inconel 718 towards improvement of tool wear resistance and specific cutting energy
Authors: Mahboob Ali Mohd Asyraf , Azmi Azwan Iskandar , Mohd Zain Mohd Zahiruddin , Murad Muhamad Nasir , Mohd Khalil Ahmad Nabil , Abd Rahim Mohd Shukor 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Substitution of traditional metal cutting fluid with newly formulated bio-based nanolubricants for machining hard-to-cut material such as Inconel 718 can be advantageous in reducing the impact on environmental as well as on the overall operating or machining expenditure. Added to that, combination of nano-lubricants with Minimum Quantity Lubricant (MQL) system provides benefit towards controlling fluid consumption along with the aim of cooling and lubricating effectively at the cutting zone. Until now, research studies on the ability of bio-based nano-lubrications for cutting fluids application on hard metal alloys are still at infancy. Hence, in this work, newly formulated bio-based nano-lubrications were tested while machining Inconel 718 with uncoated carbide tool. Performances of different cutting fluids namely; Solcut oil, coconut oil, pure bio-based oil, bio-based oil + 0.2% Al2O3, bio-based oil + 0.5% Al2O3 and bio-based oil + 0.8% Al2O3 were evaluated with respect to tool wear and specific cutting energy. Overall, bio-based oil + 0.8% Al2O3 exhibited excellent wear resistant which prolong the cutting time or the tool life expectancy. Meanwhile, bio-based oil + 0.5% Al2O3 was superior in lowering the specific cutting energy for machining Inconel 718 as compared to other five types of cutting fluids.
Evaluation of delamination damage and surface roughness in end milling flax fibre composites
Authors: Mustafa A R , Azmi A I , Zakaria M S , Lih T C 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Flax fibre reinforced composites have been very attractive in numerous applications such as wall and automotive panels. With chemical treatments and modifications, their mechanical competent can be at par with the existing synthetic fibre composites. The flax fibre composites are normally fabricated to near-net shape, but very often these composites require a secondary cutting process such as milling to attain final geometrical and dimensional tolerances. Due to the continuous contact of the milling tool on the composite material during cutting process, several undesirable damage such as delamination, matrix cracking, fibre pull-out; existed which may lead to deterioration of their mechanical strength. In this study, parametric effects of milling parameters, namely; feed rate, spindle speed, and number of end mill flutes on delamination damage and surface roughness, were investigated. Taguchi L18 orthogonal array was used to design the experimental plan. Signal to Noise (S/N) ratio and response tables were implemented to analyse the experimental data. It was found that spindle speed and feed rate had equal effects on delamination damage and surface roughness, whereas the number of end mill flute had a marginal influence on the aforementioned machining outputs.
Surface modification of nitinol by using electrical discharge coatings in deionized water
Authors: Mansor A F , Jamaluddin R , Azmi A I , Lih T C , Zain M Z M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Nitinol, also known as nickel-titanium shape memory alloy, has a high potential in medical implantation due to its unique mechanical properties, shape memory effect, and low modulus of elasticity which close to bone’s modulus. However, high composition of nickel element in this alloy is harmful whenever the element is released into human body that can induce inflammation and allergic reactions. The objective of this study is to develop a deposition layer of titanium oxide on nitinol surface through the study of electrical discharge coatings (EDC) parameters effects. In particular, deionized water and pure titanium rod were as the dielectric fluids and electrodes, respectively, during the EDC process. Variation settings of polarity, gap voltage and erosion depth were employed in this study. Experimental results examined the coating thickness and surface roughness through full factorial design with ANOVA analysis. It was determined that the polarity gave the highest significant effect on the deposition thickness. Meanwhile, the interaction between polarity and gap voltage was exhibited significant effect to the surface roughness. In additional, reverse polarity and low gap voltage were preferred in EDC process to provide good surface roughness and higher uniformity of the material deposition.
Experimental validation of finite element modelling on tibia with osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Tan H Y , Basaruddin K S , Khan S F , Som M H Mat , Daud R , Sulaiman A R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The paper aimed to determine the validity of finite element analysis of tibia bone affected by Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) under various angle of bowing of the bone. Finite element (FE) model of human tibia bones were developed with various degree of bowing to simulate different severity of OI, and then the geometrical models of these FE models were used to develop bone specimen using fused deposition method (FDM) rapid prototyping technique. Compression tests were conducted to the bone specimen and FE analysis were performed by simulating conditions of the compression test, and then results from the compression test and FE simulation were compared. It have been found that both of the results corresponded to each other, therefore it is concluded that FE analysis is able to simulate the mechanical response of tibia bone with OI.
Normalization and weighting methods for precise and standardized sustainability assessment: recent practices in manufacturing
Authors: Ahmad S , Wong K Y , Zahid I , Hussain Z , M S K  , Sarfraz M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
To address the challenges of sustainable manufacturing, precise, transparent and standardized sustainability assessment is essential. In this regard, normalization and weighting approaches are key tools to improve the precision, transparency and robustness of sustainability assessment efforts. However, mostly, the available literature on sustainability assessment discusses less about normalization and weighting. Moreover, previously, most of the related sustainability assessment and review studies were based on normalization and weighting for life cycle assessment (environmental dimension) only. Thus, this paper aims to present the recent status quo of normalization and weighting practices for sustainability assessment in manufacturing. Unlike previous review studies, this paper includes all three dimensions of sustainability (environment, economy and society). In order to achieve this objective, recent sustainability assessment studies (published in last 10 years) were reviewed and analyzed, from normalization and weighting viewpoints. The results showed that a majority of the reviewed studies which considered all three dimensions of sustainability were based on internal normalization. In contrast, the environmental assessment based studies were mostly grounded on external normalization. In addition, most of the reviewed studies considering all three dimensions of sustainability were concerned with normalization of input and/or output indicators, whereas environment based studies were mostly normalized for impact indicators. For weighting purposes, the analytic hierarchy process method was used most commonly, whereas the Delphi method and others were less frequently employed. Overall, more future work is required to increase awareness and usage of normalization and weighting methods for sustainability assessment in manufacturing.
Chip Morphology of Stainless Steel in Oblique Cutting Process using Finite Element Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Maideen N C , Budin Salina , Ibrahim Dzullijah , Maharam Lafishahzreen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Finite Element Method (FEM) is a numerical modelling technique that can increase the understanding of characteristic and behavior of the machining process. In order to increase the machining efficiency, the suitable selection of cutting parameter is very important. Simulation can be used to compress a time frame and investigate quickly the change of parameter and their effects like in a real situation without producing a physical sample. In addition, simulation study also able to minimize material cost involved due to trial and error manufacturing techniques. Due to many advantages of simulation, this work conducts a study on oblique cutting process. 3D model of turning process of Stainless Steel 316L (workpiece) using tungsten carbide, WC (cutting tool) was developed by FEM software ABAQUS. Three different velocity of cutting tool which are 185,415 and 660 (m/min) was carried out as manipulated variables. Simulation of cutting process was conducted to examine the chip morphology and their stress distribution in the workpiece. Then, chip morphology was compared with previous study and the gap between these two techniques were discussed. From the results obtained, developed model was successfully produced similar chip morphology produced by experiments and able to mimic oblique cutting process.
Mechanical properties of carbon and glass fibre reinforced composites produced by additive manufacturing: A short review
Authors: Omar N W Y , Shuaib N A , Hadi M H J Ab , Azmi A I 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Fibre reinforced composites are widely used in various sectors such as aerospace, wind energy and automotive. Due to its versatility and low cost for rapid prototyping and production applications, additive manufacturing technology has grown exponentially over the past few years. In this paper, performances of glass fibre and carbon fibre reinforced composites in additive manufacturing are reviewed from the perspective of mechanical properties. From the review, the reinforcements generally improve mechanical properties, in particular for tensile modulus and tensile strength. The paper presents a benchmark of additive manufacturing technologies for composite material as well as the spotlights of further research in the usage of carbon and glass fibres in rapid prototyping processes.
Implementation of multi-component dusty-gas model for species transport in quasi-three-dimensional numerical analysis of solid oxide fuel cell. Part II: direct ammonia fuel
Authors: Tan W C , Iwai H , Kishimoto M , Yoshida H 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The Fick’s model is applied to analyze the species transport in the porous electrodes for an in-house developed quasi-three-dimensional numerical model of solid oxide fuel cell. It may not be reliable when significant concentration difference is formed in the gas mixture, owing to chemical reactions such as steam methane reforming and ammonia decomposition. In this study, the multi-component dusty-gas model is implemented to solve the conservation of species on a three-dimensional grid system in the anode layer involving direct ammonia decomposition. The results with the developed model are compared with the available two-dimensional numerical analysis. The obtained results show that the dusty-gas model can accurately predict the transport of gas species in the porous anode even when a chemical reaction occurs.
Assessment of the Malaysian Tidal Stream Energy Resources
Authors: Rahman A , Ibrahim I , Rahman M T A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
As a developing country, Malaysia has shown great interest and effort to commit and invest for green technology and green energy especially tidal energy resources. This research project is conducted to carry out an assessment study to analyse and compare several locations in Malaysia while using the optimal analytical approach in finding the best sites to harness tidal stream resource around Malaysia. Previous studies that only considered flow velocity at the deployment sites may not be accurate since geometry of the coastal region and the friction force exerted from the tidal flow with the seabed can also contribute to the suitability of the proposed tidal sites. Tidal Model Driver was used to extract tidal elevation data on specific harmonic constituents and tidal velocity attribute, and then compared to the data obtained from General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans. The weighted decision matrix was used to analyse the potential of each location by considering essential criteria such as tidal velocity, depth of coastline, geometry of coastline and environmental impacts. Top locations with the highest score were chosen as potential location to invest in a tidal energy farm, which consists of Pulau Pangkor, Port Dickson, and Pulau Tioman among others. The locations that produce the highest yearly energy density are found to be Pulau Pangkor with 1.21 MWh/year followed by Pulau Pinang with 836.5 kWh/year. Notably, the inclusion of other factors besides tidal velocity such as the site characteristic and the amount of potential impact to the environment provided different outcome than published materials in this field.
Flexural properties of hybrid synthetic/Napier fibres reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Ridzuan M J M , Majid M S Abdul , Khasri A , Tajul L , Cheng E M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper present the flexural properties of hybrid synthetic/Napier fibres reinforced epoxy composites. The synthetic materials used were carbon and glass fibres. The composites were fabricated using the vacuum infusion method. Napier grass and synthetic fibres were used as reinforcement materials would be mixed with the epoxy resin. The samples were differed by volume fractions. The flexural tests has been conducted using a universal testing machine according with ASTM standard D790. The flexural strength and modulus of the hybrid synthetic/Napier fibre reinforced epoxy composites increased as the content of the synthetic fibre content increased. The flexural properties of the hybrid carbon/Napier reinforced epoxy composites were observed higher than the hybrid glass/Napier reinforced epoxy composites.
Thermal polymer composites of hybrid fillers
Authors: Samsudin S S , Majid M S Abdul , Ridzuan M J M , Osman A F 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Thermal polymer composite materials for heat dissipation purposes have been widely researched over the previous decade due to their ease of processing, electric insulating, low cost and lightweight. These materials, which embedded with high thermal conductive fillers in the polymer matrix, exhibit high electrical insulation and thermal conductivity properties. These materials, however, are very hard to manage because usually it contains more than 70% volume of filler in order to be able to rapidly dissipate heat. Several approaches have been conducted by different research groups to enhance heat transfer through polymers while decreasing its filler contents. This paper presents a systematic review on several approaches which are used for enhancing the thermal properties of polymer composites by incorporating various types of fillers. The primary goal of this review is to identify any future trends in thermal polymer composites that regulate and dictate the method of thermal conduction.
Analysis on current flow style for vehicle alternator fault prediction
Authors: Halim M A Abd , Rahman M T A , Rahim N Abdul , Rahman A , Hamid A F A , Amin N A M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Vehicle alternator is only seen as fragment piece in vehicle. This project will analyse the vehicle alternator current output flow style. A study on charging rate onto battery can be made based on this analyst. From this a prediction can be made on the vehicle alternator health and may prevent it from affecting other charging system component. Features extracted from the raw sample data are root mean square (RMS), waveform length (WL) and autoregressive (AR). These features will then go through normality test to find the sample is normally distributed or not. The normality test used in this experiment is Jarque-Bera (JB) test. After go through the normality test, it shows that need to continue with non-parametric test. Because JB test shows that p-value is less than 0.05 confidence level. Kruskal-Wallis is used as non-parametric data validation. In this test, the hypothesized value is the value is the median instead of the mean as in Analysis if Variance (ANOVA). The Kruskal-Wallis test evaluates for any significance difference in the population medians on a dependent variable across all levels of a factor. For classification K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) is used to find the number of K to differentiate between classes. After that the K value is use in Holdout method for training and testing. Final result shows that the accuracy of this machine learning tools is 94%. This number is a good percentage to be able to called as vehicle alternator fault prediction.
Isolation and characterisation of nanowhisker cellulose from Pennisetum purpureum
Authors: Sucinda E F , Majid M S Abdul , Ridzuan M J M , Amin N A M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Pennisetum Purpurerum or Napier fibre is a sustainable, renewable and biodegradable waste enriched with cellulose. The methodology to recover agriculture Pennisetum Purpureum residue is by acquiring nanowhiskers cellulose (NWCs) from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). In this study, acid hydrolysis with different time exposure was performed to degrade the MCC derived from Pennisetum Pupureum into NWCs. The characterisations of the isolated NWCs was conducted through a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). In SEM morphology study, the NWCs shape ribbon-like with nano scales thickness was observed, and from the SEM result shows that the thickness of the sample was in nano size. The isolated NWCs from Pennisetum purpureum derived MCC has a high potential to be used for the manufacture of nanocomposite for the implementation of pharmaceutical and biomedical fields.
Dielectric properties of kenaf filled epoxy composites
Authors: Ridzuan M J M , Liew L S S , Majid M S Abdul , Cheng E M , Khasri A , Firdaus A Z Ahmad 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The dielectric properties of kenaf filled epoxy composites was investigated. Composites was fabricated using kenaf fibres and epoxy resin. The composites was manufactured using a cold press method; the volume fraction of the natural fibres were 7 and 14%. The dielectric test were conducted using Agilent/Keysight E8363B PNA Network Analyser. Result shows that the 14% Kenaf filled epoxy composites successfully decrease the dielectric constant between 12.4 GHz and 16.66 GHz. It shows that the dielectric constant increased with decreased on the fibre loading. Besides that, 14% Kenaf has a higher dissipation loss factor compared to 7% Kenaf filled epoxy composites and reached its peak at 17.89 GHz. In summary, the 14% Kenaf shows a lowest dielectric constant and permeability compared to 7% Kenaf filled epoxy composites.
The physical properties observation of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) chemical treated fibres
Authors: Faizi M K , Shahriman A B , Majid M S Abdul , Rahman M N M Abdul , Shamsul B M T , Ng Y G , Razlan Z M , Wan W K , Hashim M S M , Rojan M A 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe key objective of this work was to observe the effect of chemical treatments on the oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibres. The OPEFB fibres were treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) by 3% of concentration and 7 hours of soaking time. The treated OPEFB fibres were subjected to Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The FTIR spectroscopy and XRD performed using Spectrum RXI and Shimadzu XRD 6000 respectively. The FTIR result shows that the physical properties of the treated OPEFB fibres changed due to amount of amorphous materials removed. While the XRD results show the major crystalline peak occurred at 2θ = 29.8°.
Design and characterization of textured surfaces for metal forming applications
Authors: Sulaiman M H , Kamel M U , Farahana R N , Wahab J A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Surface texture has been the state-of-the-art in many tribological engineering applications to enhance lubrication as well as to improve wear resistivity. The present work focuses on textured surfaces manufactured by micro-milling and excimer laser texturing techniques on flat, hard tool steel surfaces. In order to promote lubrication entrapment and possible escape by micro-hydrodynamic lubrication mechanism, shallow, longitudinal grooves oriented perpendicular to sliding direction were designed and manufactured on the tool steel surfaces. The morphological characterization of the textured surfaces was performed using a tactile roughness profilometer, Light Optical Microscope (LOM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) measurements. It is found out that both surface texturing techniques are feasible for the surface texturing purposes. Assessment of resulting textured surface topographies by means of LOM, SEM and AFM analysis has revealed that the positive result regarding the desired textured surface profile by the excimer laser technique was obtained, owing to its ability to produce shallow groove depth and smaller groove angle than the micro-milled textured surface. This has been confirmed by observation on the laser textured surface topographies by using LOM, SEM and AFM measurements.
Mechanical performance of wood poly-lactic acid 3d part under different printing parameter in fused filament fabrication
Authors: Khan S F , Zakaria H , Asyraf M A , Saad M A M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Mechanical properties of parts from fused filament fabrication has been made known to be directionally dependent or in other word anisotropy. Several common process parameters were varied to study their impact on the mechanical properties, in particular compression and bending strength of the end product in the material of wood PLA. The Taguchi method was used to design and simplify the experiment without compromising the experiment’s efficiency. S/N ratio from Taguchi analysis was interpreted for determining the optimum combination of process parameter for the highest compressive and bending strength. The build orientation angle is the major factor contributing to higher compression and bending strength recorded followed by infill density and lastly layer thickness. The maximum value for compressive stress is 98.9 MPa with 0° built orientation, 0.15mm layer thickness and 60% infill, while for bending stress it is 73.6 MPa with 0° built orientation, 0.20mm layer thickness and 100% infill.