bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Midface Fractures: Outcomes and Complications of 218 Patients
Authors: Kao Richard , Campiti Vincent J. , Rabbani Cyrus C. , Ting Jon Y. , Sim Michael W. , Shipchandler Taha Z. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo analyze management, outcomes, and complications of pediatric midface fractures.MethodsRetrospective cohort study at an urban, single‐institution, multispecialty surgical teams, at two level 1 pediatric trauma centers. Query included subjects aged 0–17 diagnosed with midface fractures between 2012 and 2016.ResultsA total of 218 pediatric patients presented with 410 total midface fractures. The most common etiologies included motor vehicle collisions (MVC) (n = 56, 25.7%), sport‐related (n = 35, 16.1%), and assault/battery (n = 32, 14.7%). Fracture site distribution included: 125 maxillary (34 with exclusively the nasal/frontal process), 109 nasal, 47 ethmoid, 40 sphenoid, 33 zygoma, 29 frontal sinus, 21 lacrimal, and 6 palatal. Among these, there were 105 orbital, 17 naso‐orbito‐ethmoid, and 12 Le Fort fractures. One‐quarter of patients received at least one midface‐related operation during the initial encounter. Operative intervention rates for specific midface fracture subsites were not significantly different (X2 = 6.827, P = .234). One hundred thirty‐five patients (63.4%) attended follow‐up, thus known complication rate was 14.6% (n = 31). Complication rates between midface fracture subsites were not significantly different (X2 = 5.629, P = .229). Complications included facial deformity (n = 18), nasal airway obstruction (n = 8), diplopia (n = 4), hardware‐related pain (n = 3), and paresthesias (n = 3).ConclusionsThe most common sites of pediatric midface fractures involved the maxilla, and nasal bones. Three quarters of pediatric midface fractures were treated conservatively, with low rates of complications. Facial deformity was the most common complication; as such, proper management and follow‐up are important to ensure normal growth and development of the pediatric facial skeleton.Level of Evidence4
Acute Hypercapnia/Ischemia Alters the Esterification of Arachidonic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid Epoxide Metabolites in Rat Brain Neutral Lipids
Authors: Otoki Yurika , Metherel Adam H. , Pedersen Theresa , Yang Jun , Hammock Bruce D. , Bazinet Richard P. , Newman John W. , Taha Ameer Y. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn the brain, approximately 90% of oxylipins are esterified to lipids. However, the significance of this esterification process is not known. In the present study, we (1) validated an aminopropyl solid phase extraction (SPE) method for separating esterified lipids using 100 and 500 mg columns and (2) applied the method to quantify the distribution of esterified oxylipins within phospholipids (PL) and neutral lipids (NL) (i.e. triacylglycerol and cholesteryl ester) in rats subjected to head‐focused microwave fixation (controls) or CO2‐induced hypercapnia/ischemia. We hypothesized that oxylipin esterification into these lipid pools will be altered following CO2‐induced hypercapnia/ischemia. Lipids were extracted from control (n = 8) and CO2‐asphyxiated (n = 8) rat brains and separated on aminopropyl cartridges to yield PL and NL. The separated lipid fractions were hydrolyzed, purified with hydrophobic–lipophilic–balanced SPE columns, and analyzed with ultra‐high‐pressure liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Method validation showed that the 500 mg (vs 100 mg) aminopropyl columns yielded acceptable separation and recovery of esterified fatty acid epoxides but not other oxylipins. Two epoxides of arachidonic acid (ARA) were significantly increased, and three epoxides of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were significantly decreased in brain NL of CO2‐asphyxiated rats compared to controls subjected to head‐focused microwave fixation. PL‐bound fatty acid epoxides were highly variable and did not differ significantly between the groups. This study demonstrates that hypercapnia/ischemia alters the concentration of ARA and DHA epoxides within NL, reflecting an active turnover process regulating brain fatty acid epoxide concentrations.
Berberine Inhibits Adipogenesis in Porcine Adipocytes via AMP‐Activated Protein Kinase‐Dependent and ‐Independent Mechanisms
Authors: Yang Yongqing , Liu Fenglan , Lu Rongsheng , Jia Junli 
Published: November 2019

AbstractExcessive adipogenesis in adipocytes results in obesity. Berberine, a natural isoquinoline alkaloid, has antiobesity properties. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms have remained unclear up to now. In this study, porcine adipocytes were cultured and treated with berberine. Cellular lipid content was measured by Oil Red O staining extraction. The role of an adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway was evaluated by the phosphorylation detection of AMPKα protein and knockdown of AMPK alpha1 (Ampka1) gene. Gene expressions were analyzed by Western blot and real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). The results showed that berberine reduced lipid accumulation in porcine adipocytes in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner and increased phosphorylation of AMPKα. Furthermore, berberine significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of related genes to adipogenesis including peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma 2 (Pparg2), CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein alpha (Cebpa), Cebp beta (Cebpb), sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (Srebf1), acetyl‐CoA carboxylase‐1 (Acc‐1), fatty acid synthase (Fas), fatty acid binding protein 4 (Fabp4), and stearoyl‐CoA desaturase 1 (Scd1). Knockdown of Ampka1 markedly reversed the inhibitory effect of berberine on lipid accumulation and mRNA expression of the above genes except Cebpb in porcine adipocytes. Meanwhile, the protein expression of these adipogenic genes in response to berberine and Ampka1 knockdown paralleled the alterations of their mRNA level. These results suggest that berberine inhibits adipogenesis in porcine adipocytes via AMPK‐dependent and ‐independent multiple mechanisms, which would provide an important idea for the reduction of porcine body fat, as well as the prevention and treatment of human obesity.
Who's got my back? Comparing consumers' reactions to peer‐provided and firm‐provided customer support
Authors: Jiang Lan , O'Hern Matthew , Hanson Sara 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study demonstrates that when an individual encounters a product‐related problem, fellow consumers (i.e., one's peers) have a unique advantage in providing social support to the affected consumer. Specifically, we find that social support can be a dominant driver of consumer satisfaction when the risk of customer defection is at its highest (i.e., following an unsuccessful attempt to solve the consumer's problem). Using real‐world data from an online support community, a pilot study finds that if the problem that a consumer faces goes unsolved, satisfaction is greater when consumers receive peer‐provided versus firm‐provided support. Study 1 replicates this finding in a controlled experiment that realistically simulates an actual customer support incident in real‐time. Study 2 identifies social support as the mechanism that underlies this effect and investigates whether firm employees can take steps to appear more customer‐like and thereby replicate the advantage of peer‐provided support. Finally, Study 3 reveals an alternative strategy (i.e., utilizing multiple employees) that firms can use to enhance social support and provides evidence that peer‐provided support not only enhances satisfaction but also positively influences consumers' behavioral intentions.
Mussel‐Inspired Polymerization of Peptides: The Chemical Activation Route as Key to Broaden the Sequential Space of Artificial Mussel‐Glue Proteins
Authors: Kohn Jana M. , Riedel Jerome , Horsch Justus , Stephanowitz Heike , Börner Hans G. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA previously introduced tyrosinase‐activated polymerization of Tyr‐ and Cys‐bearing peptides yielding artificial mussel‐glue proteins is realized without the need of the specific enzyme by a chemical activation route. This decouples the sequence of polymerizable peptides (unimers) from the constraints of tyrosinase substrates and enables the polymerization of minimal motifs such as Dopa‐Lys‐Cys (Umini*KC) or Dopa‐Gly‐Cys (Umini*GC). In the polymerization procedure, sodium periodate is used to oxidize Dopa residues of the unimers to Dopa‐quinones to which the thiol of a Cys residue is added in a Michael‐type reaction. The resulting polyUmini*KC and polyUmini*GC exhibit a thiol–catechol connectivity as a potent adhesive functionality at each repeat unit. QCM‐D experiments show the excellent substrate adsorption properties of the products from the chemically activated polymerization. On aluminum oxide surfaces, polyUmini*KC rapidly forms a coating, even under seawater model conditions and the coating resists rinsing with hypersaline solution of 4.2 M salt mixtures. While the sodium periodate oxidation is less specific than the tyrosinase reaction and requires the implementation of Dopa instead of Tyr residues into the polymerizable unimers, the chemical route makes scale‐up more easily accessible.
Crosslinked Poly(N‐Isopropylacrylamide)‐Based Microfibers as Cell Manipulation Materials with Prompt Cell Detachment
Authors: Konishi Tomomi , Mizutani Akimoto Aya , Nishimoto Taihei , Tokura Yuki , Tenjimbayashi Mizuki , Homma Kenta , Matsukawa Ko , Kaku Taisei , Hiruta Yuki , Nagase Kenichi , Kanazawa Hideko , Shiratori Seimei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractStimuli‐responsive smart materials are a key to the realization of next‐generation medical technologies. Among them, the temperature‐responsive polymer poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) is attracting particular attention because it is easy to use in physiological conditions. PNIPAAm‐grafted surfaces can undergo temperature‐modulated cell adhesion and detachment without proteolytic enzymes, and can be used as cell‐separating materials through selective cell adhesion/detachment. However, cell detachment at reduced temperatures is problematic because it takes several hours. A novel thermoresponsive crosslinked microfiber system that can greatly reduce the cell detachment time is introduced in this study. The crosslinked fibers provide temperature‐dependent volume change, and enable cell detachment within 10 min of reducing the temperature, which is one‐sixth of the time required in previous studies. The prompt cell detachment is thought to arise from a completely new mechanism derived from fiber swelling. This system will make a significant contribution as a novel cell manipulating system for next‐generation medical technology.
Potentially functional variants of autophagy‐related genes are associated with the efficacy and toxicity of radiotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Yang Zhiguang , Liu Zhaoyu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the major invasive malignant neoplasms of head and neck, while radiotherapy is the primary therapy for NPC. Genetic variants could affect the efficacy and toxicities of radiotherapy in NPC patients.MethodsIn the current study, we aimed to investigate 10 potentially functional SNPs of autophagy‐related genes (ATG) with the efficacy and toxicity of radiotherapy in 468 NPC patients.ResultsWe found ATG10 rs10514231, rs1864183, and rs4703533 were significantly associated with worse efficacy of radiotherapy at both at the primary tumor and lymph node, while ATG16L2 rs10898880 was significantly associated with better efficacy of radiotherapy at both primary tumor and lymph node. Besides, we also found ATG10 rs10514231 and ATG16L2 rs10898880 were significantly associated with the occurrence of grade 3–4 oral mucositis (allelic model, for rs10514231: OR = 1.95, 95% CIs = 1.31–2.9, p = .001; for rs10898880: OR = 1.56, 95% CIs = 1.19–2.04, p = .001) and grade 3–4 myelosuppression (allelic model, for rs10514231: OR = 2.08, 95% CIs = 1.39–3.09, p < .001; for rs10898880: OR = 1.51, 95% CIs = 1.1–2.06, p = .010).ConclusionsThis should be the first report identifying ATG10 rs10514231, rs1864183, rs4703533, and ATG16L2 rs10898880 could contribute to the efficacy and toxicity of radiotherapy in NPC patients. Further investigation of the underlying molecular mechanisms and prospective clinical trials in NPC patients are needed to validate our results.
A robust multi‐sampling rate digital predistortion for ultra‐broadband power amplifiers
Authors: Liu Xin , Chen Wenhua , Chen Long , Feng Zhenghe 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this letter, a robust multisampling rate digital predistortion (DPD) scheme is proposed to linearize ultra‐broadband power amplifiers (PAs) under the limited DAC sampling rate. In the ultra‐broadband scenarios, it is no longer affordable to employ DACs with 3‐5 times over‐sampling rate, which will inevitably lead to spectrum aliasing for the sake of high order basis function and compromise the DPD performance. In order to improve the modeling accuracy, the input signal with low sampling rate will be up‐sampled firstly to generate nonaliasing basis functions. Then, after filtering and down‐sampling operation, the coefficients are extracted with low sampling rate. Moreover, the conventional behavioral model is modified with the linear‐spline basis functions to improve the stability and complexity. Measurements on Doherty PA and class‐AB PA with 100 MHz, 200 MHz, and 500 MHz bandwidth input signal at 2.1 GHz carrier frequency show the EVM can be improved to 0.71%, 0.94%, and 1.86% respectively.
Power management circuit based on micro‐electromechanical systems thermoelectric‐photoelectric integrated power generator
Authors: Li Chenglin , Liao Xiaoping , Qian Kai 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThermoelectric‐photoelectric integrated power generator and a power management circuit are designed in this letter for the inefficiency of power amplifier and the generation of massive heat of transceiver. Thermoelectric‐photoelectric integrated power generator is composed of thermoelectric power generator at surface layer and photoelectric power generator at bottom layer, absorbing both heat and light energy at the same time. The outputs of thermoelectric and photoelectric power generator are connected with power management circuit after parallel connection. Power management circuit is an interface circuit which is able to boost the small output voltage of integrated power generator from 300 mV to 3.1 V with no external power supply. The innovation is not only structure integration, but also output integration of two power generators. In addition, 3.1 V voltage from power management circuit is compatible with most interfaces in transceiver system. The integrated power generator and power management circuit form a complete power supply module for transceiver and wireless sensor node.
LDeform: Longitudinal deformation analysis for adaptive radiotherapy of lung cancer
Authors: Nadeem Saad , Zhang Pengpeng , Rimner Andreas , Sonke Jan‐Jakob , Deasy Joseph O. , Tannenbaum Allen 
Published: November 2019

PurposeConventional radiotherapy for large lung tumors is given over several weeks, during which the tumor typically regresses in a highly nonuniform and variable manner. Adaptive radiotherapy would ideally follow these shape changes, but we need an accurate method to extrapolate tumor shape changes. We propose a computationally efficient algorithm to quantitate tumor surface shape changes that makes minimal assumptions, identifies fixed points, and can be used to predict future tumor geometrical response.MethodsA novel combination of nonrigid iterative closest point (ICP) and local shape‐preserving map algorithms, LDeform, is developed to enable visualization, prediction, and categorization of both diffeomorphic and nondiffeomorphic tumor deformations during an extended course of radiotherapy.ResultsWe tested and validated our technique on 31 longitudinal CT/MRI subjects, with five to nine time points each. Based on this tumor deformation analysis, regions of local growth, shrinkage, and anchoring are identified and tracked across multiple time points. This categorization in turn represents a rational biomarker of local response. Results demonstrate useful predictive power, with an averaged Dice coefficient and surface mean‐squared error of 0.85 and 2.8 mm, respectively, over all images.ConclusionsWe conclude that the LDeform algorithm can facilitate the adaptive decision‐making process during lung cancer radiotherapy.
An order parameter without magic angle effect (OPTIMA) derived from dispersion in ordered tissue
Authors: Pang Yuxi 
Published: November 2019

PurposeMR R2 imaging of ordered tissue exhibits the magic angle effect, potentially masking subtle pathological changes in cartilage. This work aimed to develop an orientation‐independent order parameter (S) exclusively sensitive to collagen degeneration.MethodsA theory was developed based on dispersion coupled with a simplified molecular motion model in which anisotropic became directly proportional to correlation time and S could be derived. This new parameter was validated with ex vivo dispersion reported on orientated (n = 4), enzymatically depleted bovine cartilage (n = 6), and osteoarthritic human knee specimens (n = 14) at 9.4 Tesla, which was further demonstrated on 1 healthy human knee in vivo at 3 Tesla.Results from orientation‐dependent dispersion revealed a significantly high average correlation (r = 0.89 ± 0.05, P < 0.05) with (θ) on cartilage samples and a moderate correlation (r = 0.48, P < 0.001) for the human knee in vivo. The derived S (10−3) significantly decreased in advanced osteoarthritis (1.64 ± 0.03 vs. 2.30 ± 0.11, P < 0.001) and collagen‐depleted samples (1.30 ± 0.11 vs. 2.12 ± 0.12, P < 0.001) when compared with early osteoarthritis and the control, respectively.ConclusionThe proposed order parameter could be a potentially useful orientation‐independent MR biomarker for collagen alterations in cartilage and other highly structured tissues.
How well do published randomized controlled trials on pelvic floor muscle training interventions for urinary incontinence describe the details of the intervention? A review
Authors: Charette Marylène , Bérubé Marie‐Ève , Brooks Kaylee , O'Neil Jennifer , Brosseau Lucie , McLean Linda 
Published: November 2019

AbstractContextPelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is strongly recommended for the management of mild to moderate urinary incontinence (UI) in women, yet the specific elements of PFMT that lead to improvement have not been identified. This gap in knowledge may be related, at least in part, to the lack of detail provided on intervention parameters reported in randomized controlled trials (RCTs)ObjectiveUsing three different instruments: the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT), the template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist, and the Consensus on Therapeutic Exercise Training (CONTENT) scale, the purpose of this study was to assess the completeness of exercise reporting among moderate to high quality RCTs on PFMT for women with UI.MethodsTwo raters independently scored all 65 RCTs (n = 65) retrieved by the most up‐to‐date Cochrane Systematic Review on PFMT for women with UI, and only those of moderate to high quality (>6 on the PEDro scale) were retained. Eighteen articles met the inclusion criteria and were scored by two independent reviewers using the CERT, TIDieR, and CONTENT instruments. The completeness of intervention reporting was evaluated using descriptive statistics.ResultsOver half of the items on each instrument were reported less than 50% of the time. Overall, completeness of exercise reporting was 31% (5.8/16 ± 2.4) on CERT, 47% (5.6/12 ± 1.5) on TIDieR, and 46% (4.1/9 ± 1) on CONTENT. The least frequently reported items were the provider of the intervention, the equipment used, the tailoring of exercises, the rationale behind the intervention, and adherence to the intervention.ConclusionPFMT parameters are not adequately reported in the primary RCTs that currently guide clinical practice.
A stochastic air combat logistics decision model for Blue versus Red opposition
Authors: Seagren Chad W. , Gaver Donald P. , Jacobs Patricia A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTechnologically advanced aircraft rely on robust and responsive logistics systems to ensure a high state of operational readiness. This paper fills a critical gap in the literature for combat models by closely relating effectiveness of the logistics system to determinants of success in combat. We present a stochastic diffusion model of an aerial battle between Blue and Red forces. The number of aircraft of Blue forces aloft and ready to be aloft on combat missions is limited by the maximum number of assigned aircraft, the reliability of aircraft subsystems, and the logistic system's ability to repair and replenish those subsystems. Our parsimonious model can illustrate important trade‐offs between logistics decision variables and operational success.
Approximate solutions to large nonsymmetric differential Riccati problems with applications to transport theory
Authors: Angelova V. , Hached M. , Jbilou K. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryIn this paper, we consider large‐scale nonsymmetric differential matrix Riccati equations with low‐rank right‐hand sides. These matrix equations appear in many applications such as control theory, transport theory, applied probability, and others. We show how to apply Krylov‐type methods such as the extended block Arnoldi algorithm to get low‐rank approximate solutions. The initial problem is projected onto small subspaces to get low dimensional nonsymmetric differential equations that are solved using the exponential approximation or via other integration schemes such as backward differentiation formula (BDF) or Rosenbrock method. We also show how these techniques can be easily used to solve some problems from the well‐known transport equation. Some numerical examples are given to illustrate the application of the proposed methods to large‐scale problems.
Gap between college education and clinical practice: Experience of newly graduated nurses
Authors: Lee Ji Eun , Sim In Ok 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimsTo examine the experience of new nurses working in the neurology ward and the differences between their training and hospital practice.DesignQualitative.MethodsThe interviews were conducted from 15 July–28 August 2017, in a quiet and comfortable meeting room at the hospital. Data were collected through interviews with 12 newly graduated nurses working at a neurology ward.ResultsThe results yielded four themes: “ineffective learning of nervous system theory in college,” “difference between learning theory and practical application,” “difficulty in nursing intervention for various clinical symptoms” and “need for teaching method based on actual cases.” ConclusionThe findings can be used for the development of effective nursing education programmes to reduce the gap between theory and practice.