bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Auctions with endogenous opting‐out fees and recursive winning procedures from the Talmud
Authors: Schwarz Mordechai E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article analyzes open ascending and first‐price sealed‐bid auctions with uncertain value, recursive winning procedure, and cooling‐off right in return for an endogenous opting‐out fee. I show that although equilibrium bidding strategies in these auctions tend to be less aggressive than in auctions with costless withdrawals, expected revenues are usually higher. Both auctions are spurious‐bidding free and the sealed‐bid auction is almost shill‐bidding robust.
Sequential formation of alliances in survival contests
Authors: Konishi Hideo , Pan Chen‐Yu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe consider asequential formationof alliances à la Bloch (1996) and Okada (1996), followed by a two‐stage contest in which alliances first compete with each other, and then the members in the winning alliance compete again for an indivisible prize. In contrast to Konishi and Pan (2019a), which adopted anopen‐membershipgame as the alliance formation process, alliances are allowed to limit their memberships (excludable alliances). We show that if members’ efforts are strongly complementary to each other, there will be exactly two asymmetric alliances: the larger alliance is formed first and then the remaining players form the smaller one. This result contrasts with the one under open membership, where moderate complementarity is necessary to support a two‐alliance structure. It is also in stark contrast with Bloch, Sánchez‐Pagés, and Soubeyran (2006), which shows that a grand coalition is formed in the same game if the prize is divisible and a binding contract can be used to avoid further conflicts after an alliance wins the prize.
Emotions, engagement, and self‐perceived achievement in a small private online course
Authors: Ding Yan , Zhao Ting 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEmotions are critical to learning. However, the function of emotions in the emerging context of massive open online courses (MOOCs) has been under‐researched. The present study complemented this line of research by modelling the relation between learner emotions, engagement with videos, engagement with assignments, and self‐perceived achievement in a small private online course—a localized instance of an extended MOOC. The results suggested that whereas enjoyment, excitement, boredom, and annoyance were all significant predictors of video engagement, only excitement and annoyance were significant predictors of assignment engagement. Excitement, in particular, was the strongest or stronger predictor of both types of engagement. In addition, both types of engagement predicted self‐perceived achievement, but video engagement predicted self‐perceived achievement via the mediation of assignment engagement. Implications for designing more effective MOOCs were proposed.
PRMT5 promotes epithelial‐mesenchymal transition via EGFR‐β‐catenin axis in pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Ge Lu , Wang Huizhi , Xu Xiao , Zhou Zhengrong , He Junbo , Peng Wanxin , Du Fengyi , Zhang Youli , Gong Aihua , Xu Min 
Published: December 2019

AbstractProtein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) has been implicated in the development and progression of human cancers. However, few studies reveal its role in epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of pancreatic cancer cells. In this study, we find that PRMT5 is up‐regulated in pancreatic cancer, and promotes proliferation, migration and invasion in pancreatic cancer cells, and promotes tumorigenesis. Silencing PRMT5 induces epithelial marker E‐cadherin expression and down‐regulates expression of mesenchymal markers including Vimentin, collagen I and β‐catenin in PaTu8988 and SW1990 cells, whereas ectopic PRMT5 re‐expression partially reverses these changes, indicating that PRMT5 promotes EMT in pancreatic cancer. More importantly, we find that PRMT5 knockdown decreases the phosphorylation level of EGFR at Y1068 and Y1172 and its downstream p‐AKT and p‐GSK3β, and then results in down‐regulation of β‐catenin. Expectedly, ectopic PRMT5 re‐expression also reverses the above changes. It is suggested that PRMT5 promotes EMT probably via EGFR/AKT/β‐catenin pathway. Taken together, our study demonstrates that PRMT5 plays oncogenic roles in the growth of pancreatic cancer cell and provides a potential candidate for pancreatic cancer treatment.
Associations between conduct problems in childhood and adverse outcomes in emerging adulthood: a longitudinal Swedish nationwide twin cohort
Authors: Lichtenstein Paul , Cederlöf Martin , Lundström Sebastian , D'Onofrio Brian M. , Anckarsäter Henrik , Larsson Henrik , Pettersson Erik 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundWe examined whether childhood conduct problems predicted a wide range of adverse outcomes in emerging adulthood and whether the association with internalizing problems remained after adjusting for general comorbidity and externalizing problems.MethodsParticipants were 18,649 twins from the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden. At age 9/12, parents rated their children on eight conduct problems. Adverse outcomes were retrieved from national registers in emerging adulthood (median follow‐up time = 9.2 years), including diagnoses of six psychiatric disorders, prescriptions of antidepressants, suicide attempts, criminality, high school ineligibility, and social welfare recipiency. We estimated risk for the separate outcomes and examined if conduct problems predicted an internalizing factor above and beyond a general comorbidity and an externalizing factor. We used twin analyses to estimate genetic and environmental contributions to these associations.ResultsOn the average, each additional conduct symptom in childhood was associated with a 32% increased risk of the adverse outcomes in emerging adulthood (mean hazard ratio = 1.32; range = 1.16, 1.56). A latent childhood conduct problems factor predicted the internalizing factor in emerging adulthood (βboys = .24, standard error, SE = 0.03; βgirls = .17, SE = 0.03), above and beyond its association with the externalizing (βboys = 0.21, SE = 0.04; βgirls = 0.17, SE = 0.05) and general factors (βboys = 0.45, SE = 0.03; βgirls = 0.34, SE = 0.04). These associations were differentially influenced by genetic and environmental factors.ConclusionsIt is important to monitor boys and girls with conduct problems not only for future externalizing problems, but also for future internalizing problems. Prevention of specific outcomes, however, might require interventions at different levels.
Performance and Penalties in Year 1 of the Skilled Nursing Facility Value‐Based Purchasing Program
Authors: Qi Andrew C. , Luke Alina A. , Crecelius Charles , Joynt Maddox Karen E. 
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESLaunched in October 2018, Medicareʼs Skilled Nursing Facility Value‐Based Purchasing (SNF VBP) program mandates financial penalties for SNFs with high 30‐day readmission rates. Our objective was to identify characteristics of SNFs associated with provider performance under the program.DESIGNRetrospective cross‐sectional analysis using Nursing Home Compare data for the 2019 SNF VBP. Facility‐level regressions examined the relationship between structural characteristics (nursing home size, rurality, profit status, hospital affiliation, region, and Star Ratings) and patient characteristics (neighborhood income, race/ethnicity, dual eligibility, disability, and frailty) and facility performance.SETTINGUS Medicare.PARTICIPANTSA total of 14 558 SNFs.MEASUREMENTSThe 2019 SNF VBP performance scores and penalties.RESULTSNationally, 72% (10 436) of SNFs were penalized; 21% (2996) received the maximum penalty of 1.98%. In multivariate analyses, rural SNFs were less likely to be penalized (odds ratio [OR] = 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.78‐0.92; P < .001; vs urban), while small SNFs were more likely to be penalized (≤70 beds: OR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.15‐1.42; P < .001; 71‐120 beds: OR = 1.15; 95% CI = 1.05‐1.26; P = .003; vs >120 beds). SNFs with lower nurse staffing had higher odds of penalties (low: OR = 1.15; 95% CI = 1.03‐1.27; P = .010; vs high); nonprofit and government‐owned SNFs had lower odds of penalties (OR = 0.79; 95% CI = 0.72‐0.87; P < .001; government: OR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.61‐0.84; P < .001; vs for profit); and SNFs with higher Star Ratings had lower odds of penalties (5 stars: OR = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.40‐0.54; P < .001; vs 1 star). In terms of patient population, SNFs located in low‐income ZIP codes (OR = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.03‐1.34; P = .019) or serving a high proportion of frail patients (OR = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.21‐1.60; P < .001) were more likely to be penalized than other SNFs. SNFs with high proportions of dual, black, Hispanic, or disabled patients did not have higher odds of penalization.CONCLUSIONStructural and patient characteristics of SNFs may significantly impact provider performance under the SNF VBP. These findings have implications for policy makers and clinical leaders seeking to improve quality and avoid unintended consequences with VBP in SNFs. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:826–834, 2020
A profile of mental health and behaviour in Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Feighan S.‐M. , Hughes M. , Maunder K. , Roche E. , Gallagher L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a neurogenetic syndrome with an associated behavioural phenotype and a high incidence of behaviours of concern and psychiatric co‐morbidity. These associated behaviours and co‐morbidities are not well addressed by existing interventions, and they impact significantly on affected individuals and their caregivers.MethodsWe undertook a national survey of the needs of individuals with PWS and their families in Ireland. In this paper, we report on the parent/caregiver‐reported mental health, behavioural and access to services.ResultsOver 50% of individuals with PWS in this survey had at least one reported psychiatric diagnosis, the most common diagnosis was anxiety. The most commonly reported behaviours in children were skin picking, repetitive questioning, difficulty transitioning and non‐compliance. The same four behaviours were reported by caregivers as being the most commonly occurring in adolescents and adults in addition to food‐seeking behaviours. Increased needs for mental health services were also reported by caregivers. Individuals with PWS had an average wait of 22 months for an appointment with a psychologist and 4 months for an appointment with a psychiatrist.ConclusionThis study highlighted high levels of psychiatric co‐morbidities and behavioural concerns in individuals with PWS in Ireland. The findings of this study suggest that there is an urgent need to provide specialist psychiatric and behavioural interventions to manage complex mental health and behavioural needs to better support individuals with PWS and reduce caregiver burden.
Barriers and Facilitators to School‐Based Health Centers: pilot Data From 3 Sites in Georgia
Authors: Zarate Raul Perez , Johnson Leigh , Mogendi Simon , Hogue Carol , Johnson Veda , Gazmararian Julie 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchool‐based health centers (SBHCs) provide opportunities for offering quality service to underserved populations. The objectives of this study were to: (1) document the SBHC process at different locations and evaluate their similarities and differences; (2) explore SBHC clinic staff satisfaction; and (3) identify facilitators and barriers to utilizing SBHCs.METHODSThree Georgia SBHCs located in either predominantly Caucasian, African American, or Hispanic elementary schools were included in this study. Mixed methods data collection efforts included: (1) observational assessment of each SBHC; (2) interviews with 7 clinic administrators and staff; and (3) focus group discussions (N = 5) with parents of children that do and do not utilize SBHCs.RESULTSObservational assessments indicated some clinics have more resources available than others. In‐depth interviews found that centers are functioning at capacity, with potential for expansion and greater workload. Focus groups revealed that parents are satisfied with services provided, the price of the care, and the convenience of the centers. However, barriers have made utilization difficult for lower income families.CONCLUSIONSAlthough most SBHC goals are being met, staff realize that further development and funding must be obtained to meet the needs of their communities.
Slow zeaxanthin accumulation and the enhancement of CP26 collectively contribute to an atypical non‐photochemical quenching in macroalga Ulva prolifera under high light
Authors: Gao Shan , Zheng Zhenbing , Wang Jing , Wang Guangce 
Published: December 2019

Non‐photochemical quenching (NPQ) is an important photoprotective mechanism in plants, which dissipates excess energy and further protects the photosynthetic apparatus under high light stress. NPQ can be dissected into a number of components: qE, qZ, and qI. In general, NPQ is catalyzed by two independent mechanisms, with the faster‐activated quenching catalyzed by the monomeric light‐harvesting complex (LHCII) proteins and the slowly activated quenching catalyzed by LHCII trimers, both processes depending on zeaxanthin but to different extent. Here, we studied the NPQ of the intertidal green macroalga, Ulva prolifera, and found that the NPQ of U. prolifera lack the faster‐activated quenching, and showed much greater sensitivity to dithiothreitol (DTT) than to dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD). Further results suggested that the monomeric LHC proteins in U. prolifera included only CP29 and CP26, but lacked CP24, unlike Arabidopsis thaliana and the moss Physcomitrella patens. Moreover, the expression levels of CP26 increased significantly following exposure to high light, but the concentrations of the two important photoprotective proteins (PsbS and light‐harvesting complex stress‐related [LhcSR]) did not change upon the same conditions. Analysis of the xanthophyll cycle pigments showed that, upon exposure to high light, zeaxanthin synthesis in U. prolifera was gradual and much slower than that in P. patens, and could effectively be inhibited by DTT. Based on these results, we speculate the enhancement of CP26 and slow zeaxanthin accumulation provide an atypical NPQ, making this green macroalga well adapted to the intertidal environments.
Stressor reactivity to insufficient sleep and its association with body mass index in middle‐aged workers
Authors: Vigoureux Taylor F. D. , Lee Soomi , Buxton Orfeu M. , Almeida David M. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThere is evidence that insufficient sleep and more stressors are individually associated with poor metabolic health outcomes. Examining sleep and stressors jointly may account for greater variability in health outcomes; however, we know little about the combined effect of both insufficient sleep and more stressors on metabolic health. This study examined whether experiencing more stressors in response to insufficient sleep (“stressor reactivity to insufficient sleep”) was associated with body mass index in middle‐aged workers. One‐hundred and twenty‐seven participants (Mage = 45.24 ± 6.22 years) reported nightly sleep characteristics and daily stressors on 8 consecutive days. We collected height and weight measurements to calculate body mass index (kg m−2). On average, workers reported more stressors following nights with shorter‐than‐usual sleep duration or poorer‐than‐usual sleep quality (negative slope means higher stressor reactivity to insufficient sleep). When examining stressor reactivity to insufficient sleep with insufficient sleep represented by shorter‐than‐usual sleep duration, compared with those with average stressor reactivity to insufficient sleep (within ±½ SD; reference), workers with high stressor reactivity to insufficient sleep (≤−½ SD) had higher body mass index (B = 3.24, p < .05). The body mass index of these workers fell in the obese range. There was no difference in body mass index between workers with low stressor reactivity to insufficient sleep (≥+½ SD) and the reference group. When examining stressor reactivity to insufficient sleep with insufficient sleep represented by poorer‐than‐usual sleep quality, stressor reactivity to insufficient sleep was not significantly associated with body mass index. Results suggest that middle‐aged workers with higher stressor reactivity to insufficient sleep duration may be at greater risk for obesity. Results may inform future studies on interventions for improving sleep and reducing stress in middle‐aged workers.
The effect of anticipatory stress and openness and engagement on subsequently perceived sleep quality–An Experience Sampling Method study
Authors: Block Victoria J. , Meyer Andrea H. , Miché Marcel , Mikoteit Thorsten , Hoyer Jürgen , Imboden Christian , Bader Klaus , Hatzinger Martin , Lieb Roselind , Gloster Andrew T. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryHigh stress levels can influence sleep quality negatively. If this also applies to anticipatory stress is poorly documented, however. Across insomnia severity levels, this study examined participants’ evening levels of (a) anticipatory stress and (b) their skills hypothesized to downregulate the impact of stress, namely openness to internal experiences and continuous engagement in meaningful activities (openness and engagement) and their association with the quality of the subsequent night's sleep. The moderating role of insomnia severity was also tested. We used a quasi‐experimental longitudinal design with Experience Sampling Method using smartphones over the course of 1 week (3,976 assessments; 93.2% of prompted queries). Participants recorded their sleep quality, anticipatory stress, and openness and engagement within their daily context. Participants included in the study were diagnosed with major depressive disorder (n = 118), social phobia (n = 47) or belonged to the control group (n = 119). Both anticipatory stress and openness and engagement predicted subsequent sleep quality. Diagnostic group was associated with overall sleep quality, but did not interact with the predictors. These findings were invariant across levels of self‐reported insomnia severity. Furthermore, openness and engagement and anticipatory stress did not interact in their effect on sleep quality. The results suggest that both stress reduction and increased openness and engagement are associated with improved subjective sleep quality on a day to day basis, regardless of insomnia severity. Targeting these variables may help improve sleep quality. Future research should disentangle the effects of openness and engagement on anticipatory stress.
How Does Government Control Affect Firm Value? New Evidence for China
Authors: Abolhassani Marzieh , Wang Zhi , de Haan Jakob 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThe role of government involvement in firms has received a lot of attention in the last few decades. Government involvement could result in a ‘supporting hand’ and a ‘grabbing hand’. This paper investigates how government control influences the financial performance of Chinese listed firms. We use a panel data set of firms publicly traded on the stock exchanges of Shanghai and Shenzhen over the period 2009‐2013. Our dataset includes 5501 firm‐year observations. Our results suggest that government control of firms, measured by the shareholdings that are directly and indirectly controlled by the government, is negatively related with firms’ financial performance. More specifically, the return on assets, the return on equity and the market‐to‐book ratio are, on average, 1.3%, 2.0% and 8.2% lower for government‐controlled firms. Both central and local government control is undermining firm performance. These findings provide support for the ‘grabbing hand’ theory of the government. Our results also suggest that the negative effect of government control becomes stronger when firm profitability is higher. Firms with a poor financial performance benefit from government control, which supports the ‘supporting hand’ theory of the government.
You say it, we say it, but how do we use it? Communities of practice: A critical analysis
Authors: McGrath Cormac , Liljedahl Matilda , Palmgren Per J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesAs educational theories are increasingly used in medical education research there are concerns over how these theories are used, how well they are presented and what the authors intend. Communities of practice (CoP) is one example of an often‐used theory and conceptual framework. This paper presents a critical analysis of how CoP theory is used in medical education research.MethodsA critical literature analysis was undertaken of articles published between 1998 and 2018 in eight internationally recognised medical education journals. From a total of 541 articles, 80 articles met the inclusion criteria and were analysed and mapped according to various patterns of use.ResultsWe discerned five categories of use, two misleading and cosmetic, off target and cosmeticising, and three functional, framing, lensing and transferring. A considerable number of articles either misrepresented the point of communities of practice or used it in a cosmetic fashion. The remainder used the theory to frame an ongoing study in relation to other work, as a lens through which to design the study and collect or analyse data, or as a way of discussing or demonstrating the transferability of the findings.ConclusionsWe conclude that almost half of the reviewed articles did not offer a functional and rigorous definition of what is meant by CoP; instead, they used it in a potentially misleading or cosmetic manner. This study therefore calls on editors, reviewers and authors alike to increase clarity and quality in the application of CoP theory in medical education.
Focused ethnography as an approach in medical education research
Authors: Andreassen Pernille , Christensen Mette K. , Møller Jane E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractContextOver recent decades, the use of qualitative methodologies has increased in medical education research. These include ethnographic approaches, which have been used to explore complex cultural norms and phenomena by way of long‐term engagement in the field of research. Often, however, medical education consists of short‐term episodes that are not bound to single sites, but take place in a myriad of locations and contexts such as classrooms, examination stations, clinical settings and online. This calls for methodologies that allow us to grasp what is at stake in an increasingly multifaceted and diverse field.MethodsIn this article, we direct attention to focused ethnography, which has emerged as a useful, suitable and feasible applied qualitative research approach, and which uses adapted classic ethnographic methods, such as direct observation, to gain new insights and nuanced understandings of distinct phenomena, themes and interactions in specific settings in medical education (eg the learning potential of ward rounds, or how hierarchical positions affect learning situations). We introduce methodological key features of focused ethnography to give insights into how the approach can be used, and we offer examples of how the method has been used in medical education research to show how it has contributed in different ways to the field of medical education research. Furthermore, we address and discuss some of the main challenges and limitations of the approach.ConclusionsFocused ethnography offers a methodological approach that sheds light over limited and well‐defined social episodes and interactions. Precisely because the field of medical education consists to a large degree of such fragmented interactions, focused ethnography can be seen as a methodology tailored to these characteristics and should become an integrated part of the toolkit of medical education research.