bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing multidimensional care coverage for pre‐eclampsia in the era of universal health coverage: A pre–post evaluation of the Salud Mesoamérica Initiative
Authors: Kamath Aruna M. , Johanns Casey K. , Thom Maximillian G. , Cogen Rebecca M. , Rios‐Zertuche Diego , Mokdad Ali H. , Hernández Bernardo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo compare a multidimensional care package for pre‐eclampsia/eclampsia in Central American health facilities, before and after implementation of the Salud Mesoamérica Initiative.MethodsAn evaluation study was conducted at 67 basic‐ and comprehensive‐level health facilities serving the poorest areas in Honduras, Nicaragua, and Belize. Cases of severe pre‐eclampsia or eclampsia were randomly sampled and relevant quality of care data extracted from medical records at baseline (n=111) from January 1, 2011, to March 31, 2013, and at second‐phase follow‐up (n=249) from June 1, 2015, to September 30, 2017. The primary outcome was evidence of the delivery of multidimensional care for the management of pre‐eclampsia/eclampsia.ResultsThe care of 360 women with severe pre‐eclampsia or eclampsia was analyzed. Odds of multidimensional care for pre‐eclampsia management (P=0.271) increased (although not significantly) in the second‐phase follow‐up compared to baseline. Multidimensional care was significantly associated with training (P<0.001), basic‐level facilities (P<0.001), and higher in Honduras (P=0.001) and Belize (P=0.024) than the reference country of Nicaragua.ConclusionMultidimensional care for pre‐eclampsia management increased across all facility types, countries, and severity of disease. The Salud Mesoamérica Initiative is a promising model for achieving such quality of care interventions in the era of universal health coverage.
Experimental observation of coupled valley and spin Hall effect in p‐doped WSe2 devices
Authors: Hung Terry Y. T. , Rustagi Avinash , Zhang Shengjiao , Upadhyaya Pramey , Chen Zhihong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIt is generally accepted that perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) magnets are preferred over in‐plane magnetic anisotropy (IMA) magnets in data storage applications owing to their large thermal stability even at ultra‐scaled dimensions. To efficiently and deterministically switch a PMA, out‐of‐plan spin current is required. However, conventional giant spin Hall effect (GSHE) materials only produce spin currents with in‐plane polarization. Our work, on the other hand, demonstrated for the first time that out‐of‐plane spin currents can indeed be generated by applying electric filed to monolayer WSe2 at room temperature and the spin information was detected by a graphene channel. Supported by theoretical calculations, we found that the interfacial polarization between graphene and WSe2 to be ~38% assuming the ferromagnetic detector's polarization efficiency to be ~4%. Moreover, the spin polarization is determined by the polarity of the applied electric field.image
Review and construction of interatomic potentials for molecular dynamics studies of hydrogen embrittlement in Fe─C based steels
Authors: Zhou Xiaowang , Foster Michael E. , Ronevich Joseph A. , San Marchi Christopher W. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractReducing hydrogen embrittlement in the low‐cost Fe─C based steels have the potential to significantly impact the development of hydrogen energy technologies. Molecular dynamics studies of hydrogen interactions with Fe─C steels provide fundamental information about the behavior of hydrogen at microstructural length scales, although such studies have not been performed due to the lack of an Fe─C─H ternary interatomic potential. In this work, the literature on interatomic potentials related to the Fe─C─H systems are reviewed with the aim of constructing an Fe─C─H potential from the published binary potentials. We found that Fe─C, Fe─H, and C─H bond order potentials exist and can be combined to construct an Fe─C─H ternary potential. Therefore, we constructed two such Fe─C─H potentials and demonstrate that these ternary potentials can reasonably capture hydrogen effects on deformation characteristics and deformation mechanisms for a variety of microstructural variations of the Fe─C steels, including martensite that results from γ to α phase transformation, and pearlite that results from the eutectic formation of the Fe3C cementite compound.
Soybean biodiesel purification through an acid‐system membrane technology: effect of oil quality and separation process parameters
Authors: Moreira Wardleison M , da Igreja Gabriela , Viotti Paula V , Baptista Cristina MSG , Gimenes Marcelino L , Gomes Maria Carolina S , Pereira Nehemias C 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDBiodiesel produced from renewable energy sources has gained significant attention in the arena of fuel diversification from fossil sources. However, the conventional treatment to separate biodiesel from glycerol produces large volumes of wastewater, causing environmental concerns. The present study aims to assess ceramic membrane technology for improving biodiesel separation and purification, and overcome the traditional process constraints.RESULTSBiodiesel was obtained by ethylic transesterification of crude, degummed and refined soybean oil. The tangential ultrafiltration (α‐Al2O3/TiO2) performance in separating and purifying the produced biodiesel was evaluated based on the glycerol retention capacity and on the permeate flux values. The separation was improved by use of acidified water [0.5% and 1% (m/m)] which promoted the demulsification of the reaction final mixture. In the proposed system, the glycerol was retained, and the biodiesel was the continuous phase. Higher free fatty acid content in the crude and degummed soybean oil, not only favoured the glycerol transfer over the aqueous phase, which was retained by the membrane, but also resulted in the lowest flux decline rates. An increase in the oil acidity reduced the consumption of acidified water. As the pore diameter (0.05 μm and 20 kDa) and the transmembrane pressure (1 and 2 bar) decreased, the glycerol retention increased allowing the system to fulfill commercialization requirements.CONCLUSIONThe results of this study showed that the novel ultrafiltration process is efficient in separating biodiesel from glycerol and reducing wastewater generation when compared with the conventional process. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Carbon and hydrogen isotopes of n‐alkanes in soils reconstructed after mining disturbance
Authors: Paul Alexia , Quideau Sylvie A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEcosystem reconstruction after mining disturbance is a challenge considering the multitude of factors that affect soil formation and revegetation. In the boreal forest of western Canada, peat material is often used as the organic amendment for land reclamation to upland forest. Carbon and water dynamics of peat‐dominated ecosystems differ from natural upland forest soils. The objective of this work was to evaluate the evolution of soils reconstructed after mining disturbance using 13C and 2H analyses of n‐alkane tracers. Ten soils from natural ecosystems were sampled (0–10 cm) and compared with 11 soils from novel ecosystems ranging in age from 0 to 30 yr, as well as a fresh peat sample. Soils supported different vegetation, including pine (Pinus spp.), aspen (Populus spp.), and white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss]. Despite overlaps for some individual n‐alkanes, we found a dominance of n‐C25 in reconstructed soils, also dominant in the peat material, and a dominance of n‐C27 in natural soils, one of the dominant n‐alkanes in natural forest vegetation. In addition, there was a significant difference in odd n‐alkane δ2H and δ13C values between natural and reconstructed soils (p < .05). Differences in δ2H values, more negative for reconstructed soils than for natural soils, were attributed to changes in soil moisture, from wetter peat‐dominated soils to drier upland forests; among forest types, δ2H values were most negative under pine vegetation. The δ13C composition of odd n‐alkanes, in particular n‐C27, was significantly related to tree age (p < .05). Overall, both 2H and 13C isotopic signatures of odd n‐alkanes exhibited differences between natural and reconstructed soils. However, within the reconstructed soils, neither isotopic signature showed a clear evolution with age since reclamation.
Effects of mitonuclear combination and thermal acclimation on the energetic phenotype
Authors: Chapdelaine Vincent , Bettinazzi Stefano , Breton Sophie , Angers Bernard 
Published: February 2020

AbstractActivity of the oxidative phosphorylation complexes rely on intimately associated subunits encoded by the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. Given the key role of this system in adenosine triphosphate production, genes from both genomes must coevolve. A combination of northern redbelly dace (Chrosomus eos) or finescale dace (C. neogaeus) mitochondrial genome with a C. eos nuclear genome allows for a close examination of a naturally occurring disruption of mitonuclear coevolution. We, therefore, investigated the combined effect of mitonuclear genotypes, acclimation, and temperature on the activity of enzymes linked with the energy metabolism in a sympatric population of wild type and cybrid. As expected, the activity of the nuclear‐encoded citrate synthase was only influenced by temperature while the cytochrome c oxidase (composed of nuclear and mitochondrial subunits from wild type and cybrid individuals) responded differently to temperature. This study provides clear evidence of the extent by which mitonuclear coadaptation could influence aerobic metabolism.
Modelling impact and cost‐effectiveness of oral pre‐exposure prophylaxis in 13 low‐resource countries
Authors: Pretorius Carel , Schnure Melissa , Dent Juan , Glaubius Robert , Mahiane Guy , Hamilton Matthew , Reidy Meghan , Matse Sindy , Njeuhmeli Emmanuel , Castor Delivette , Kripke Katharine 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionOral pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) provision is a priority intervention for high HIV prevalence settings and populations at substantial risk of HIV acquisition. This mathematical modelling analysis estimated the impact, cost and cost‐effectiveness of scaling up oral PrEP in 13 countries.MethodsWe projected the impact and cost‐effectiveness of oral PrEP between 2018 and 2030 using a combination of the Incidence Patterns Model and the Goals model. We created four PrEP rollout scenarios involving three priority populations—female sex workers (FSWs), serodiscordant couples (SDCs) and adolescent girls and young women (AGYW)—both with and without geographic prioritization. We applied the model to 13 countries (Eswatini, Ethiopia, Haiti, Kenya, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe). The base case assumed achievement of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 90‐90‐90 antiretroviral therapy targets, 90% male circumcision coverage by 2020 and 90% efficacy and adherence levels for oral PrEP.ResultsIn the scenarios we examined, oral PrEP averted 3% to 8% of HIV infections across the 13 countries between 2018 and 2030. For all but three countries, more than 50% of the HIV infections averted by oral PrEP in the scenarios we examined could be obtained by rollout to FSWs and SDCs alone. For several countries, expanding oral PrEP to include medium‐risk AGYW in all regions greatly increased the impact. The efficiency and impact benefits of geographic prioritization of rollout to AGYW varied across countries. Variations in cost‐effectiveness across countries reflected differences in HIV incidence and expected variations in unit cost. For most countries, rolling out oral PrEP to FSWs, SDCs and geographically prioritized AGYW was not projected to have a substantial impact on the supply chain for antiretroviral drugs.ConclusionsThese modelling results can inform prioritization, target‐setting and other decisions related to oral PrEP scale‐up within combination prevention programmes. We caution against extensive use given limitations in cost data and implementation approaches. This analysis highlights some of the immediate challenges facing countries—for example, trade‐offs between overall impact and cost‐effectiveness—and emphasizes the need to improve data availability and risk assessment tools to help countries make informed decisions.
Iron Sucrose as MRI Contrast Agent in Ischemic Stroke Model
Authors: Wu Shiman , Zhang Hua , Wang Jing , Li Xiaoyan , Gao Xinyi , Fang Ziwei , Qu Jianxun , Wu Yue , Ren Yan , Rui Wenting , Zhang Junhai , Yao Zhenwei 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundDespite the growing concern about the safety of gadolinium‐based contrast agents (GBCAs), they are still the most commonly used. Ferumoxytol, as an off‐label alternative MRI contrast agent, cannot be administered by a rapid bolus for dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion‐weighted imaging (DSC‐PWI).PurposeTo assess the feasibility of iron sucrose (IS) as a contrast agent for MR angiography (MRA) and DSC‐PWI.Study TypeProspective animal model.Animal ModelThirty‐six normal rats (16 for MRA, 20 for biocompability tests) and 36 occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) model rats.Field Strength/Sequence3.0T; head and neck angiography, using a fast spoiled gradient‐recalled‐echo (FSPGR) sequence and DSC‐MRI using echo planar imaging(EPI) sequence.AssessmentMRA was performed on normal rats to examine the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) of different doses of IS. DSC‐PWI was performed on MCAO rats at 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours postreperfusion to investigate the lesion detectability of IS. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) and DSC‐PWI enhanced by GBCAs were conducted on MCAO rats as controls.Statistical TestsKruskal–Wallis test was used to compare qualitative assessment. One‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the parametric data. Pearson's r values were evaluated between relative cerebral blood flow(rCBF)‐ASL, rCBF‐DSCIS, and rCBF obtained from DSC‐PWI enhanced by GBCA.ResultsThe mean SNR and CNR of the common carotid artery at doses of 10 mg Fe/kg of IS were comparable with the standard dose of GBCAs (SNR: 68.04 ± 12.55 vs. 67.72 ± 14.66; CNR: 23.78 ± 7.21vs. 21.63 ± 6.83). In MCAO rat models, rCBF and relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) of ipsilateral striatum declined (0.72 ± 0.14, 0.86 ± 0.11) with prolonged relative mean transit time (rMTT) and relative time‐to‐peak (rTTP) (1.27 ± 0.24, 1.07 ± 0.03) following occlusion. Hyperperfusion was observed in all rats at 48 and 72 hours postreperfusion, in 4/6 rats at 24 hours postreperfusion for IS‐mediated DSC‐PWI.Data ConclusionIS may be an effective contrast agent for both MRA and DSC‐PWI in ischemic stroke models.Level of Evidence1Technical Efficacy Stage1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:836–849.
The role of maternal diet on offspring gut microbiota development: A review
Authors: Al Rubaye Hiba , Adamson Chelsea C. , Jadavji Nafisa M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn offspring, an adequate maternal diet is important for neurodevelopment. One mechanism by which maternal diet impacts neurodevelopment is through its dynamic role in the development of the gut microbiota. Communication between the gut, and its associated microbiota, and the brain is facilitated by the vagus nerve, in addition to other routes. Currently, the mechanisms through which maternal diet impacts offspring microbiota development are not well‐defined. Therefore, this review aims to investigate the relationship between maternal diet during pregnancy and offspring microbiota development and its impact on neurodevelopment. Both human and animal model studies were reviewed to understand the impact of maternal diet on offspring microbiota development and potential consequences on neurodevelopment. In the period after birth, as reported in both human and model system studies, maternal diet impacts offspring bacterial colonization (e.g., decreased presence of Lactobacillus reuteri as a result of a high‐fat maternal diet). It remains unknown whether these changes persist into adulthood and whether they impact vulnerability to disease. Therefore, further long‐term studies are required in both human and model systems to study these changes. Our survey of the literature indicates that maternal diet influences early postnatal microbiota development, which in turn, may serve as a mechanism through which maternal diet impacts neurodevelopment.
Human serum mast cell tryptase levels in elbow fractures or dislocations and its association with injury severity
Authors: Liu Crystal S. , Ademola Ayoola , Zhang Mei , Garven Alexandra , Kopka Michaela , Salo Paul T. , Hart David A. , Befus A. Dean , Hildebrand Kevin A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMast cells contain an abundance of tryptase, and preclinical models have shown elevated serum mast cell tryptase (SMCT) in the setting of posttraumatic joint contractures. Therefore, SMCT emerged as a potential biomarker to help recognize patients with more severe injuries and a higher likelihood of developing contractures. The objective of this study is to assess SMCT levels in participants with varying severity of elbow fractures and/or dislocations. A prospective cohort including 13 participants with more severe injuries that required an operation and 28 participants with less severe injuries managed nonoperatively were evaluated. A control group of eight individuals without elbow injuries was also evaluated. The SMCT levels were measured using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kit specific for human mast cell tryptase. A one‐way analysis of variance and Tukey's Honest Significance test was used to assess for statistical significance among and between the three groups. The average time from injury to the collection of the blood samples was 4 ± 2 days. Highly significant differences were identified between the operative, nonoperative, and control groups (P = .0005). In the operative group, SMCT levels were significantly higher than the nonoperative group (P = .0005) and the control group (P = .009), suggesting a correlation between SMCT levels and injury severity. There was no statistically significant difference in SMCT levels between the nonoperative and control groups. The SMCT levels were elevated in participants with acute elbow injuries requiring operative intervention, suggesting that SMCT levels were higher in injuries regarded as more severe.
Freeze‐dried immobilized kefir culture in cider‐making
Authors: Nikolaou Anastasios , Nelios Grigorios , Kanellaki Maria , Kourkoutas Yiannis 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the fermentation efficiency of freeze‐dried immobilized kefir culture on natural supports (apple pieces, delignified cellulosic material) in cider making at various temperatures (5–45 °C) in comparison with freeze‐dried free cells. Freeze‐dried cells were initially tested in apple juice fermentations at 30 °C, and then the freeze‐dried cultures produced with no cryoprotectants were assessed in repeated batch fermentations.RESULTSRepeated batch fermentations lasted for longer than 5 months. High malic acid conversion rates (up to 78.5%) and ethanol productivity values (up to 37.9 g L−1 day−1) were recorded for freeze‐dried immobilized cells. Polymerase chain reaction – denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR‐DGGE) analysis showed that freeze‐drying had no effect on the microbial diversity of kefir culture. Higher alcohols were significantly reduced at low fermentation temperatures. Application of principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that both the fermentation temperature and the nature of the freeze‐dried kefir culture affected significantly the minor volatiles determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Notably, all ciders produced were of high quality and were accepted by the tasting panel.CONCLUSIONSFreeze‐dried immobilized kefir culture on natural supports with no cryoprotectants was found to be suitable for simultaneous alcoholic and malolactic cider fermentation at various temperatures (5–45 °C). The high operational stability of the systems was confirmed and the results obtained are of great interest for the industrial sector as they could be exploited for cider, low‐alcohol cider, or ‘soft’ cider production. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Changes in markers of lipid oxidation and thermal treatment in feed‐grade fats and oils
Authors: Winkler–Moser Jill K , Hwang Hong‐Sik , Kerr Brian J 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDOxidized feed lipids have been shown to have detrimental effects on food animal growth and metabolism. The present study aimed to measure classes of lipid oxidation products (LOP) in feed‐grade oils at temperatures representing production and storage conditions.RESULTSThere were significant oil type × time interactions in the accumulation of primary and secondary LOP. At 22.5 °C, peroxide value (PV), a marker for the primary phase of lipid oxidation, increased most in fish oil (FO), followed by tallow (TL), soybean oil (SO), linseed oil (LO) and modified algae oil (MAO), whereas palm oil (PO) showed no appreciable increase in PV. Secondary LOP, such as p‐anisidine value, hexanal, 2,4,‐decadienal, polymerized triacylglycerols and total polar compounds, increased only in FO. At 45 °C, FO and SO produced both primary and secondary LOP, whereas MAO, PO and TL had slower rates of PV increase and no secondary LOP. At 90 °C and 180 °C, all oils except for FO accumulated both primary and secondary LOP.ConclusionsHigher polyunsaturated fatty acid:saturated fatty acid oils and higher temperatures produced greater quantities of primary and secondary LOP. However, unrefined TL was more prone to oxidation at 22.5 °C than predicted, whereas LO was more stable than predicted, indicating that pro‐oxidant and antioxidant compounds can markedly influence the rate of oxidation. Measuring both primary and secondary LOP will provide better information about the oxidative status of feed oils and provide better information about which classes of LOP are responsible for detrimental health effects in animals. Published 2020. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Simultaneous determination of ferulic acid, paeoniflorin, and albiflorin in rat plasma by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry: Application to a pharmacokinetic study of Danggui‐Shaoyao‐San
Authors: Zhu Heyun , Guan Jiao , Zhang Hui , Chang Sheng , Wang Liming , Shi Jianyi , Feng Bo , Gu Jingkai 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA rapid, selective, and sensitive ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for simultaneous determination of ferulic acid, paeoniflorin, and albiflorin, the major active constituents of Danggui‐Shaoyao‐San, in rat plasma using geniposide as the internal standard. The plasma samples were processed by protein precipitation with acetonitrile, and then separated on a Shim‐Pack XR‐ODS C18 column (75 mm × 3.0 mm, 2.2 μm) using gradient elution program with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% aqueous formic acid and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The detection was achieved on a 3200 QTRAP mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization source in negative ionization mode. Quantification was performed using multiple reaction monitoring mode by monitoring the fragmentation of m/z 192.9→134.0 for ferulic acid, m/z 525.0→120.9 for paeoniflorin, m/z 525.2→121.0 for albiflorin, and m/z 433.1→225.1 for the internal standard, respectively. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 5–2500 ng/mL for all the three analytes (r ≥ 0.9972) with the lower limit of quantitation of 5 ng/mL. The intraday and interday precisions were below 12.1% for all the analytes in terms of relative standard deviation, and the accuracy was within ±11.5% in terms of relative error. The extraction recovery, matrix effect and stability were satisfactory in rat plasma. The validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of ferulic acid, paeoniflorin, and albiflorin after oral administration of Danggui‐Shaoyao‐San to rats.