bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expert consensus statements for Waldeyer's ring involvement in pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma: The staging, evaluation, and response criteria harmonization (SEARCH) for childhood, adolescent, and young adult Hodgkin lymphoma (CAYAHL) group
Authors: Seelisch Jennifer , De Alarcon Pedro A. , Flerlage Jamie E. , Hoppe Bradford S. , Kaste Sue C. , Kelly Kara M. , Kurch Lars , Marks Lianna J. , Mauz‐Koerholz Christine , McCarten Kathleen , Metzger Monika L. , Stoevesandt Dietrich , Voss Stephan D. , Punnett Angela 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWaldeyer's ring (WR) involvement in pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is extremely rare and criteria for determining involvement and response to treatment are unclear. The international Staging, Evaluation, and Response Criteria Harmonization for Childhood, Adolescent and Young Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma (SEARCH for CAYAHL) Group performed a systematic review of the literature in search of involvement or response criteria, or evidence to support specific criteria. Only 166 cases of HL with WR involvement were reported in the literature, 7 of which were pediatric. To date no standardized diagnostic or response assessment criteria are available. Given the paucity of evidence, using a modified Delphi survey technique, expert consensus statements were developed by the SEARCH group to allow for a more consistent definition of disease and response evaluation related to this rare site of involvement among pediatric oncologists. The available evidence and expert consensus statements are summarized.
Outpatient ADE (cytarabine, daunorubicin, and etoposide) is feasible and effective for the first relapse of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia: A prospective, phase II study
Authors: Garg Arun , Ganguly Shuvadeep , Vishnubhatla Sreenivas , Chopra Anita , Bakhshi Sameer 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundApproximately 40% children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) invariably relapse, after attaining the first complete remission (CR), with dismal long‐term outcome. There is little consensus regarding choice of optimal induction chemotherapy regimen for relapsed pediatric AML.ProcedureA prospective single arm phase II study (CTRI/2017/02/007757) was carried out at our center to evaluate the safety and efficacy of outpatient cytarabine, daunorubicin, and etoposide (ADE) regimen in pediatric AML (≤18 years) at the first relapse. Response evaluation was done by bone marrow aspiration morphology along with minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment. All adverse events including need and duration of hospitalization, transfusion support, and antimicrobial use were recorded.ResultsTotal 45 patients were included with median age of 12 years. The CR rate of the cohort was 66% and 54% of patients were MRD negative. The estimated 2‐year event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were 29% (±7%) and 34% (±7%), respectively. The presence of fever at relapse was associated with inferior CR rate (P = .001), positive MRD (P = .01), and inferior EFS (P = .02), while not achieving nadir absolute neutrophil count of zero during induction was associated with inferior CR rate (P = .03) and inferior OS (P = .04). Approximately all patients developed ≥Grade 3 cytopenia and febrile neutropenia. Twenty‐six (59%) patients required hospitalization for management of toxicity and there were four (9%) deaths attributed to infection.ConclusionADE is an effective induction regimen for pediatric AML patients at the first relapse with reasonable toxicity profile. Outpatient administration of the regimen is feasible in the presence of proper support structure and rigorous follow up.
A novel method for noninvasive diagnosis of monogenic diseases from circulating fetal cells
Authors: Chang Liang , Zhu Xiaohui , Li Rong , Wu Han , Chen Weijian , Chen Jiucheng , Liu Hu , Li Shunjie , Liu Ping 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo establish a method for noninvasive fetal cell isolation from maternal blood and prenatal testing of monogenic diseases by a combination of direct sequencing and targeted NGS‐based SNP haplotyping from single fetal cells.MethodPeripheral blood of pregnant women in two families (congenital deafness and ichthyosis) was collected. After density‐based separation and immunostaining with multiple biomarkers, candidate fetal cells were identified by high‐throughput imagine analysis and picked up by automation. Individual fetal cells were subjected to STR‐genotyping to identify their origin. Pathogenic mutations were identified by direct Sanger sequencing, and a combination of targeted NGS and SNP haplotyping using a custom panel. All the results were compared with amniotic fluid DNA.ResultsFetal trophoblasts were successfully harvested from maternal blood. STR‐genotyping confirmed the fetal origin. Direct sequencing of pathogenic genetic mutations in fetal cells showed consistent results with amniotic fluid samples. For congenital deafness family, NGS‐based SNP haplotyping also correctly identified the fetal haplotype. This single cell haplotyping method can be used to diagnose various genetic diseases.ConclusionWe have established a method for noninvasive prenatal testing of monogenic diseases from circulating trophoblast cells. This cell‐based NIPT can be further applied to the prenatal diagnosis of various monogenic diseases.
Life in the treetops—An overview of forest canopy science and its future directions
Authors: Lowman Margaret 
Published: July 2020

Societal Impact StatementForests are currently under global threat from human activities, despite the fact that recent findings confirm trees are critical for the health of humans as well as for the entire planet. Advances in whole forest research, which includes the upper reaches and not just the forest floor, are providing critical information about carbon storage, biodiversity, water cycles, and other essential ecosystem services provided by trees. The methods to study forest canopies are relatively new and vastly underfunded, despite our growing recognition of the global importance of trees. In addition to advancing exploration of the treetops, the forest canopy toolkit is also proving instrumental to jumpstart innovative actions to conserve forest ecosystems.SummaryForest canopies are home to an estimated 50% of terrestrial biodiversity but remain relatively unexplored until just four decades ago. As one of the first global arbornauts, I share an abbreviated history of canopy science, and how treetop access has inspired forest conservation, especially in the tropics where forests remain relatively unexplored. The arboreal toolkit of ropes and harnesses, canopy walkways, dirigible and inflatable rafts, construction cranes, drones, and LIght Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) has revealed that forests provide many important ecosystem services, essential for life on earth. Yet despite millions of research dollars, extensive time, and extraordinary intellectual capital, the degradation of tropical rain forests is accelerating and does not correlate with the extent of scientific investments. A few case studies illustrate how canopy access methods can inspire innovative approaches to conservation, especially in tropical forests where deforestation is rampant: (a) Use treetop walkways for education and ecotourism, not just research, so that indigenous communities can earn sustainable income without logging; (b) Incorporate citizen scientists into forest field research through BioBlitzes or virtual technologies that are now relatively inexpensive and far‐reaching; (c) Inspire girls, especially in low‐income countries, to become stewards of their local forests; and (d) Seek diverse stakeholders in forest conservation actions, including religious and corporate leaders. I summarize how treetop exploration can inspire a renaissance in botany, engaging the public about the importance of trees, especially tropical forests and their biodiversity.
Silver‐Alkylamine Complex Mediated Single Micelle toward Synthesis of Sub‐8 nm Silver Nanocrystals
Authors: Liu Zhipeng , Xue Jing , Wang Yao , Liu Fusheng , Zhou Xingjian , Liu Jixian , Tang Jianguo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSmall size and narrow distribution are the key factors to improve performances of metal nanocrystals due to nanosize effect. Here, a silver‐alkylamine complex–mediated single micelle, a one‐pot approach, for controlled synthesis of monodisperse silver nanocrystals, in which oleylamine molecules play key roles serving both as complex agent and as micellar coalescence blocker is reported. After the synthesis, monodisperse products can be directly collected through subsequent single‐step separation as the particle size is finely adjusted during the synthesis. Dual‐soluble silver oleylamine complex is prepared through liquid phase complexing and is used as oil‐soluble precursor in single reverse micelle. The as‐synthesized silver nanocrystals are very uniform with a controlled size of 6.00 ± 0.29 or 8.0 ± 0.40 nm and a narrow size distribution with a standard deviation (σ) of ≈5.0%. The protocol offers a general platform for fast synthesis of noble metal nanocrystals with rationally designed size and structure.
Nitrification inhibitor reduces the inhibitory effect of N‐(n‐butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) on the hydrolysis of urea
Authors: Lasisi Ahmed A. , Akinremi Olalekan O. , Kumaragamage Darshani 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe addition of nitrification inhibitor (NI) with a urease inhibitor, N‐(n‐butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), has been reported to offset the reduction of ammonia volatilization by NBPT. An incubation study was conducted to investigate the interaction between NBPT and NI (3,4‐dimethyl pyrazole phosphate) on hydrolysis of urea in five soils with a range of physico‐chemical properties. Untreated urea (UR), NBPT treated urea (URNBPT), or NBPT+NI treated urea (URDI) were surface‐applied (250 kg N ha−1) to each soil. The soils were incubated (21 °C) and destructively sampled nine times during a 22‐day period. Urea hydrolysis rate (k; d−1) was measured by the disappearance of urea with time and modeled with a first‐order kinetic. The value of k was in the order of UR (0.321) > URDI (0.183) > URNBPT (0.151) across the five soils. While the urease inhibitor, NBPT, significantly reduced k in each soil, the addition of a NI with NBPT significantly decreased the ability of NBPT to inhibit urea hydrolysis by an average of 21% across the soils. We found that NI significantly reduced the half‐life of urea by about 1 d when compared with NBPT alone. Principal component analysis showed that k did not depend on any of the soil properties, rather, it depended on the type of treatment. Net nitrification rate constant was significantly greater in UR than URNBPT in loam and clay soils but not different in sandy loam soils. We conclude that the often‐reported increase in ammonia volatilization with the double inhibitor relative to NBPT alone may not only be due to the persistence of ammonium but may also be due to an increased rate of urea hydrolysis in the presence of a NI.
Out‐of‐plane flexural behavior of full precast concrete hollow‐core slabs with lateral joints
Authors: Jiang Qing , Zhang Kun , Feng Yulong , Chong Xun , Wang Hanqin , Lei Yixiong , Huang Junqi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper proposed a new lateral joint to connect precast concrete hollow‐core slabs (PCHSs) and increase their structural assembly efficiency. The main sensitive parameters are the longitudinal ribs and the number of proposed joints. Out‐of‐plane bending performance tests were conducted on four PCHSs with lateral joints (PCHS‐LJs) to study the effects of the main sensitive parameters on the mechanical properties and failure modes of the PCHS‐LJs. The test results showed that there is no obvious relative slip in the joints between the precast bottom slab and the upper post‐pouring concrete before PCHS‐LJs reaching the ultimate load. The transverse directions of PCHS‐LJs are the main force bearing directions and the cracks are mainly occurred in the longitudinal direction of the specimens, which is similar to the stress characteristics of one‐way slabs. Moreover, the vertical bearing capacities of PCHS‐LJs are increased when decreasing the number of proposed joints or when adding the longitudinal ribs. For the specimens without the longitudinal ribs, a wide transverse crack appears near the first transverse ribs, whereas the specimens with the longitudinal ribs do not exhibit this phenomenon. Thus, longitudinal ribs should be added to optimize the PCHS‐LJ failure modes. Finally, solid finite element (FE) models of the test specimens were established in MSC. MARC. The analysis results are basically consistent with the experimental results.
Alzheimer's disease drug development pipeline: 2020
Authors: Cummings Jeffrey , Lee Garam , Ritter Aaron , Sabbagh Marwan , Zhong Kate 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a growing public health concern affecting millions of patients worldwide and costing billions of dollars annually. We review the pipeline of drugs and biologics in clinical trials for the treatment of AD. We use the Common Alzheimer's and Related Dementias Research Ontology (CADRO) to classify treatment targets and mechanisms of action. We review our annual pipeline reports for the past 5 years to provide longitudinal insight into clinical trials and drug development for AD.MethodsWe reviewed ClinicalTrials.gov as of February 27, 2020, and identified all trials of pharmacologic agents currently being developed for treatment of AD as represented on this widely used U.S. Food and Drug Administration registry.ResultsThere are 121 agents in clinical trials for the treatment of AD. Twenty‐nine agents are in 36 Phase 3 trials, 65 agents are in 73 Phase 2 trials, and 27 agents are in 27 Phase 1 trials. Twelve agents in trials target cognitive enhancement and 12 are intended to treat neuropsychiatric and behavioral symptoms. There are 97 agents in disease modification trials. Compared to the 2019 pipeline, there is an increase in the number of disease‐modifying agents targeting pathways other than amyloid or tau.DiscussionThe 2020 pipeline has innovations in clinical trials and treatment targets that provide hope for greater success in AD drug development programs. Review of clinical trials over the past 5 years show that there is progressive emphasis on non‐amyloid targets, including candidate treatments for inflammation, synapse and neuronal protection, vascular factors, neurogenesis, and epigenetic interventions. There has been a marked growth in repurposed agents in the pipeline.image
Mine drainage: Remediation technology and resource recovery
Authors: Viadero Roger C. , Zhang Shicheng , Hu Xiaomin , Wei Xinchao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDrainage from current and historic mining operations remains a persistent environmental problem. Numerous research and development efforts were made in 2019 with a goal to minimize the impact of mine drainage on the environment, while other research endeavors addressed the mine drainage issue from a different perspective, where mine drainage was considered a resource for water and valuable products, such as metals, sulfuric acid, and rare earth elements. Thus, this review has two main sections: (a) focusing on research efforts in mine drainage remediation technology, and (b) emphasizing advances in resource recovery from mine drainage. The first section covers traditional and emerging passive and active treatment technologies. The second section summarizes resource recovery efforts using various technologies, such as selective precipitation, membrane process, and biological systems.Practitioner points

Significant progress continued to be made in the management of mine drainage and related issues.

Recent remediation technology advances in mine drainage were presented.

Technologies focusing on resource recovery from mine drainage were reviewed.
The importance of being little: MA‐XRF on manuscripts on a Venetian island
Authors: Mazzinghi Anna , Ruberto Chiara , Castelli Lisa , Ricciardi Paola , Czelusniak Caroline , Giuntini Lorenzo , Mandò Pier Andrea , Manetti Marco , Palla Lara , Taccetti Francesco 
Published: July 2020

The X‐Ray Fluorescence (XRF) scanning spectrometer developed in the framework of Cultural Heritage Network ‐ National Institute of Nuclear Physics, is specifically customised for cultural heritage applications, designed with a focus on having a lightweight scanner (weighing approximately 10 kg), easy to handle and thus easily transportable in two medium‐sized boxes. The research presented here deals with the study of a set of choir books preserved in the Abbey of San Giorgio Maggiore on the homonymous island in Venice. Produced for the Abbey itself from the mid‐15th century onwards, the manuscripts have never left the island, making the study of the materials of particular interest as they have undergone little or no modification over time. During their history in the Abbey, however, the volumes have been disassembled and reassembled in various ways, bringing complexity to the current cataloguing work. Thus, analytical investigations of the pigments and painting techniques might help identify the original arrangement of displaced leaves and provide evidence for the attribution of individual illuminations to certain artists. Thanks to its easy transportability, it was possible to take the scanner to the small island by means of the water‐based Venetian public transport. Selected results are presented, derived from the high‐quality MA‐XRF maps obtained.
Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on regional STEMI care in Germany
Authors: Scholz Karl Heinrich , Lengenfelder Björn , Thilo Christian , Jeron Andreas , Stefanow Stefan , Janssens Uwe , Bauersachs Johann , Schulze P. Christian , Winter Klaus Dieter , Schröder Jörg , vom Dahl Jürgen , von Beckerath Nicolas , Seidl Karlheinz , Friede Tim , Meyer Thomas 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Aims
To assess the impact of the lockdown due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on key quality indicators for the treatment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients.

Methods
Data were obtained from 41 hospitals participating in the prospective Feedback Intervention and Treatment Times in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (FITT-STEMI) study, including 15,800 patients treated for acute STEMI from January 2017 to the end of March 2020.

Results
There was a 12.6% decrease in the total number of STEMI patients treated at the peak of the pandemic in March 2020 as compared to the mean number treated in the March months of the preceding years. This was accompanied by a significant difference among the modes of admission to hospitals (p = 0.017) with a particular decline in intra-hospital infarctions and transfer patients from other hospitals, while the proportion of patients transported by emergency medical service (EMS) remained stable. In EMS-transported patients, predefined quality indicators, such as percentages of pre-hospital ECGs (both 97%, 95% CI = − 2.2–2.7, p = 0.846), direct transports from the scene to the catheterization laboratory bypassing the emergency department (68% vs. 66%, 95% CI = − 4.9–7.9, p = 0.641), and contact-to-balloon-times of less than or equal to 90 min (58.3% vs. 57.8%, 95%CI = − 6.2–7.2, p = 0.879) were not significantly altered during the COVID-19 crisis, as was in-hospital mortality (9.2% vs. 8.5%, 95% CI = − 3.2–4.5, p = 0.739).

Conclusions
Clinically important indicators for STEMI management were unaffected at the peak of COVID-19, suggesting that the pre-existing logistic structure in the regional STEMI networks preserved high-quality standards even when challenged by a threatening pandemic.

Clinical trial registration
NCT00794001
Involving patients as research partners exemplified by the development and evaluation of a communication-skills training programme (KOKOS-Rheuma)
Authors: Schöpf-Lazzarino A. C. , Böhm P. , Garske U. , Schlöffel M. , Stoye A. , Lamprecht J. , Mau W. , Farin E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDespite widespread recommendations for involving patient research partners (PRPs), there is little information about how patients have been involved in research. Our aim was to describe and assess the contributions of four PRPs in a project on communication-skills training funded by Deutsche Rheuma-Liga Bundesverband e. V. (German League Against Rheumatism [GLR] is a patient organisation for people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases). The PRPs’ participation was beneficial with regards to content and organisation. Thanks to their participation, we could enlarge our sample by over a third, and they contributed their own ideas to the training. Four PRPs added their perspective of various regional organisations. Outside this project, they were also very active within GLR and experienced in managing their rheumatic disease. To achieve more representativeness, future studies might also employ strategies to engage individuals with less experience in dealing with their disease, e.g. newly diagnosed patients. While the collaboration between PRPs and researchers proved very successful, more regular discussions about tasks and responsibilities would be worthwhile.
Systematic spatial distortion of quantitative estimates
Authors: Shaki Samuel , Fischer Martin H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMagnitude estimation has been studied since the beginnings of scientific psychology and constitutes a fundamental aspect of human behavior. Yet, it has apparently never been noticed that estimates depend on the spatial arrangement used. We tested 167 adults in three experiments to show that the spatial layout of stimuli and responses systematically distorts number estimation, length production, and weight reproduction performance. The direction of distortion depends on the observer’s counting habits, but does not seem to reflect the use of spatially associated number concepts. Our results imply that all quantitative estimates are contaminated by a “spell of space” whenever stimuli or responses are spatially distributed.
Update zystische Fibrose
Authors: Renner Sabine 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Erkrankung zystische Fibrose (CF) ist leider immer noch unheilbar. Trotzdem können aufgrund der rein symptomatischen Therapiekonzepte der letzten 2 Jahrzehnte durchschlagende Erfolge der Lebenserwartung und der Lebensqualität erreicht werden.Über die Hälfte der 18-jährigen Patienten, die in eine Erwachsenenbetreuung eintreten, haben eine normale Lungenfunktion, ein normales Gewicht und eine abgeschlossene Schul- oder Lehrausbildung. Ein Großteil der Erwachsenen ist lange Zeit im Beruf tätig.Sowohl im Kindes- als auch im Erwachsenenalter ist der Therapieaufwand enorm und oft die Hauptlast der Erkrankung, die Betroffenen sollten in der Umsetzung optimal unterstützt werden. In einer Zeit der knapper werdenden Ressourcen ist eine starke Selbsthilfegruppe unumgänglich und eine enge Zusammenarbeit mit den Zentren ist sehr wünschenswert.Die multiprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit von Pflegern, Diätologen, Physiotherapeuten, Medizinisch-Technischen Assistenten, Psychologen und Ärzten ist unabdingbar und in jedem CF-Zentrum die Basis für die Vermittlung der neuesten Erkenntnisse an die Familien und für deren Umsetzung.Große Hoffnung für die kommenden Jahre bietet die Weiterentwicklung der kausalen Therapie. Die Modulatorentherapie ist nun schon für die Hälfte der Mutationen verfügbar; die zu erwartende Zulassung der Triple-Therapie würde diese Möglichkeit in Österreich auf bis zu 85 % erweitern.