bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micro‐anatomy of the ear of the southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum)
Authors: Robert Mickaël P. , Carstens Ann , de Beer Frederik C. , Hoffman Jakobus W. , Steenkamp Gerhard 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe white rhinoceros is the largest of the five extant rhinoceros species. The population is declining rapidly because of intense poaching. However, normal anatomical descriptions in this species are lacking. The purpose of this study is to describe the osseous anatomy of the middle and inner ear of the southern white rhinoceros using micro‐focus X‐ray computed tomography imaging. Four temporal bones obtained from two 1‐day old southern white rhinoceros preserved in 10% formalin were scanned. Tri‐dimensional reconstructions were obtained and volumes of the middle ear ossicles and inner ear structures were calculated. Excellent high spatial resolution 3D images were obtained for all samples and virtual models of the auditory ossicles and bony labyrinth were generated. Visualization of the tympanic membrane, middle ear and inner ear structures was possible in all samples. Whereas the stapes and incus had a shape similar to their human or equine counterparts, the malleus showed a unique appearance with a long rostral branch projecting latero‐distally to the manubrium. The cochlea described 2 turns rostro‐laterally around its axis, with a medial direction of rotation. However, identification of the soft tissue structures of the middle ear was sometimes difficult and visualization of the small structures of the membranous labyrinth was not possible using this formalin fixation and alternative techniques should be investigated. Further investigations are needed in order to provide a complete virtual model including both soft and bone tissues of this difficultly accessible region.
Unsettled Care: Temporality, Subjectivity, and the Uneasy Ethics of Care
Authors: Cook Joanna , Trundle Catherine 
Published: November 2020

SummaryIn this introduction, and indeed this special section, we explore care as a morally ambiguous and relationally unstable set of practices. By exploring care over longer temporal frames and across shifting subjectivities and intersubjectivities, we show how enactments of care are often unsettled by the transforming dynamics of relationships across time and often entail a multiplicity of competing affects and aspirations, such as hope and failure, love and resentment, pragmatism and utopianism, and connection and disconnection. We thus suggest an analytic approach to care that questions care as either morally suspect or morally virtuous and instead allows for the compromised, shifting, and ambiguous dimensions of care practices to take center stage. [care, anthropology, temporality, subjectivity]
Methylprednisolone pulse treatment improves ProSP‐C trafficking in twins with SFTPC mutation: An isoform story?
Authors: Delestrain Céline , Aissat Abdel , Simon Stéphanie , Tarze Agathe , Duprat Elodie , Nattes Elodie , Costes Bruno , Delattre Valérie , Finet Stéphanie , Fanen Pascale , Epaud Ralph 
Published: November 2020

Mutations in the gene encoding surfactant protein C (SP‐C) cause interstitial lung disease (ILD), and glucocorticosteroid (GC) treatment is the most recognized therapy in children. We aimed to decipher the mechanisms behind successful GC treatment in twins carrying a BRICHOS c.566G > A (p.Cys189Tyr) mutation in the SP‐C gene (SFTPC).MethodsThe twins underwent bronchoscopy before and after GC treatment and immunoblotting analysis of SP‐C proprotein (proSP‐C) and SP‐C mature in bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF). Total RNA was extracted and analysed using quantitative real‐time PCR assays. In A549 cells, the processing of mutated protein C189Y was studied by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting after heterologous expression of eukaryotic vectors containing wild type or C189Y mutant cDNA.ResultsBefore treatment, BALF analysis identified an alteration of the proSP‐C maturation process. Functional study of C189Y mutation in alveolar A549 cells showed that pro‐SP‐CC189Y was retained within the endoplasmic reticulum together with ABCA3. After 5 months of GC treatment with clinical benefit, the BALF analysis showed an improvement of proSP‐C processing. SFTPC mRNA analysis in twins revealed a decrease in the expression of total SFTPC mRNA and a change in its splicing, leading to the expression of a second shorter proSP‐C isoform. In A549 cells, the processing and the stability of this shorter wild‐type proSP‐C isoform was similar to that of the longer isoform, but the half‐life of the mutated shorter isoform was decreased.These results suggest a direct effect of GC on proSP‐C metabolism through reducing the SFTPC mRNA level and favouring the expression of a less stable protein isoform.
Are language skills related to structural features in Broca's and Wernicke's area?
Authors: Jäncke Lutz , Liem Franz , Merillat Susan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study used structural magnetic resonance imaging to examine whether specific anatomical features of Broca's and Wernicke's areas are related to language functions in typically developing older subjects with no specific language expertize. Data from 231 subjects from the Zurich LHAB‐study are used for this study. For these subjects, we obtained several psychometric measures from which we calculated performance measures reflecting specific psychological functions (language comprehension, verbal fluency, perceptual speed, visual memory, recognition of regularities, and logical thinking). From the MRI measurements, we calculated the cortical thickness and cortical surface of Broca's and Wernicke's areas. Applying multiple regression analyses, we identified a moderately strong relationship between language comprehension and the brain metrics from Broca's and Wernicke's areas and showed that approximately 10% of the variance in language comprehension performance is explained by the linear combination of all perisylvian brain metrics. The other psychological functions (verbal fluency, perceptual speed, visual memory, recognition of regularities, and logical thinking) are not related to these brain metrics. Subsequent detailed analyses revealed that the cortical thickness of Wernicke's area, in particular, contributed most to this structure‐function relationship. The better performance in the language comprehension tests was related to a thicker cortex in Wernicke's area. Thus, this study demonstrates a structure‐function relationship between the anatomical features of the perisylvian language areas and language comprehension, suggesting that particular anatomical features are associated with better language performance.
The hematology laboratory’s response to the COVID‐19 pandemic: A scoping review
Authors: Bell Robert , Zini Gina , d’Onofrio Giuseppe , Rogers Heesun J. , Lee Yi‐Shan , Frater John L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic has had a profound worldwide impact on the laboratory hematology community. Nevertheless, the pace of COVID‐19 hematology‐related research has continued to accelerate and has established the role of laboratory hematology data for many purposes including disease prognosis and outcome. The purpose of this scoping review was to assess the current state of COVID‐19 laboratory hematology research. A comprehensive search of the literature published between December 1, 2019, and July 3, 2020, was performed, and we analyzed the sources, publication dates, study types, and topics of the retrieved studies. Overall, 402 studies were included in this scoping review. Approximately half of these studies (n = 202, 50.37%) originated in China. Retrospective cohort studies comprised the largest study type (n = 176, 43.89%). Prognosis/ risk factors, epidemiology, and coagulation were the most common topics. The number of studies published per day has increased through the end of May. The studies were heavily biased in favor of papers originating in China and on retrospective clinical studies with limited use of and reporting of laboratory data. Despite the major improvements in our understanding of the role of coagulation, automated hematology, and cell morphology in COVID‐19, there are gaps in the literature, including biosafety and the laboratory role in screening and prevention of COVID‐19. There is a gap in the publication of papers focused on guidelines for the laboratory. Our findings suggest that, despite the large number of publications related to laboratory data and their use in COVID‐19 disease, many areas remain unexplored or under‐reported.
The medical impact of hepatitis D virus infection in Asia and Africa; time for a reappraisal
Authors: Rizzetto Mario , Hamid Saeed 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough hepatitis D is believed to be an important medical problem in Africa and many areas of Asia, the geographical distribution and prevalence rates of infection with the hepatitis D virus (HDV) vary considerably, are often inconsistent and sometimes conflicting. Discrepancies may depend on methodological problems, primarily on different modalities of patients' recruitment; these are analysed in this mini‐review, in order to provide a uniform clinical approach when testing patients with chronic HDV disease.
Contrasting adaptive responses to cope with drought stress and recovery in Cenchrus ciliaris L. and their implications for tissue lignification
Authors: Carrizo Iliana M. , López Colomba Eliana , Tommasino Exequiel , Carloni Edgardo , Bollati Graciela , Grunberg Karina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCenchrus ciliaris L. is a widely used species for cattle feed in arid and semi‐arid regions due to good forage value and known tolerance to drought conditions. Here, we provide insights to adaptive responses of two contrasting genotypes of C. ciliaris (drought‐tolerant “RN51” and drought‐sensitive “RN1”) to face drought stress and recovery conditions and the implications for tissue lignification. Drought stress caused a reversible decrease in the leaf water relationship and damage to photosystem II, leading to an increased generation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. Plants of RN51 exhibited a pronounced increase of antioxidant enzymatic activities. Unlike the drought‐sensitive genotype, RN51 exhibited further development of lignified tissues and bulliform cells and had the greatest thickness of the adaxial epidermis. Drought stress led to the rapid activation of the expression of lignin biosynthesis pathway‐related enzymes. The transcript level of the caffeoyl‐CoA O‐methyltransferase gene decreased in RN1, whereas cinnamoyl‐CoA reductase transcripts were increased in RN51. After rewatering, the tolerant genotype recovered more rapidly than RN1. Even though the two genotypes survived when they were exposed to drought stress, RN1 showed the highest reduction in growth parameters, and this reduction was sustained during rewatering. The results indicated that the capacity to regulate lipid peroxidation and mitigate oxidative damage could be one of the mechanisms included in tolerance to drought stress. In addition, the development of foliar characteristics, like thickness of the adaxial epidermis, well‐developed bulliform cells, and intensive lignified tissues, are considered anatomical adaptive strategies for drought tolerance in C. ciliaris.
Reading Bavinck's EthicsGereformeerde ethiek, Herman Bavinck, KokBoekencentrum, 2019 (ISBN978‐90‐435‐3226‐6), 976 pp., hb €49.99Reformed Ethics, Volume I: Created, Fallen, and Converted Humanity, HermanBavinck, Baker Academic, 2019 (IISBN 978‐08‐010‐9802‐4), xliii + 564 pp., hb €60
Authors: Pass Bruce R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe long‐awaited publication of Gereformeerde ethiek/Reformed Ethics by Herman Bavinck (1854–1921) is a landmark publication that sheds light on the range, scope, and development of the thought of this important Reformed theologian. Nevertheless, Bavinck's Ethics does not make the kind of contribution to moral theology that his magnum opus has made to systematic theology. In many places, it conveys the impression of a draft that lacks the qualities which have earned Reformed Dogmatics such high praise. Moreover, Bavinck's Ethics reflects positions which he would later revise or reject. This review article contrasts the Dutch critical edition with the first volume of the English translation, offering an analysis of Bavinck's conceptualization of this theological subdiscipline.
Periodontal condition and treatment in a patient with rare systemic condition: A case report for acid sphingomyelinase deficiency
Authors: Bitencourt Fernando Valentim , Bender Cláubia Viegas , Fiorini Tiago , Gomes Sabrina Carvalho , Visioli Fernanda , Angst Patricia Daniela Melchiors 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAcid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) is a rare group of autosomal recessive disorders. This report provides the first detailed description of the periodontal condition and treatment response in a patient with chronic visceral ASMD.Case descriptionA 49‐year‐old white woman with ASMD showed elevated visible plaque index (VPI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), and bleeding on probing (BOP) at 100% of sites. Periodontal pocket depths (PPD) were mostly shallow to moderate (at 96% of sites), whereas the loss of clinical attachment (CAL) was moderate to severe (54% and 46% of sites, respectively, at 4‐6 mm and ≥7 mm categories). Periapical radiographs revealed the presence of furcation involvement and intra‐bony defects. The periodontal diagnosis was periodontitis stage IV, generalized, grade C. Ninety days after the end of the supra and subgingival control (e.g., cause‐related therapy), marked reduction was observed for all periodontal indicators: VPI (‐83%), GBI (‐79%), BOP (‐85%), elimination of sites PPD ≥7 mm, 27% increase in sites PPD 1‐3 mm (from 64% to 91%), and gain of clinical attachment (gain of 11% CAL 1‐3 mm and 25% CAL 4‐6 mm; and a reduction of 36% CAL ≥7 mm).Practical implicationsDespite the severity of the initial periodontal condition, the patient with chronic visceral ASMD responded well to the non‐surgical periodontal treatment.
OsClo5 functions as a transcriptional co‐repressor by interacting with OsDi19‐5 to negatively affect salt stress tolerance in rice seedlings
Authors: Jing Pei , Kong Dongyan , Ji Lingxiao , Kong Lin , Wang Yanting , Peng Liangcai , Xie Guosheng 
Published: November 2020

SUMMARYCaleosins constitute a small protein family with one calcium‐binding EF‐hand motif. They are involved in the regulation of development and response to abiotic stress in plants. Nevertheless, how they impact salt stress tolerance in rice is largely unknown. Thereby, biochemical and molecular genetic experiments were carried out, and the results revealed that OsClo5 was able to bind calcium and phospholipids in vitro and localized in the nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum in rice protoplasts. At the germination and early seedlings stages, overexpression transgenic lines and T‐DNA mutant lines exhibited reduced and increased tolerance to salt stress, respectively, compared with the wild‐type. Yeast two‐hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and in vitro pull‐down assays demonstrated that the EF‐hand motif of OsClo5 was essential for the interactions with itself and OsDi19‐5. Yeast one‐hybrid, electrophoretic migration shift and dual‐luciferase reporter assays identified OsDi19‐5 as a transcriptional repressor via the TACART cis‐element in the promoters of two salt stress‐related target genes, OsUSP and OsMST. In addition, OsClo5 enhanced the inhibitory effect of OsDi19‐5 in the tobacco transient system, which was confirmed by qRT‐PCR analysis in rice seedlings under salt stress. The collective results deepen the understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the roles of caleosin in the salt stress response. These findings will also inform efforts to improve salt tolerance of rice.
Testing and Validation of Nuclear Fuel Composition Using SIMS Method
Authors: Elantyev Ivan , Kostal Michal , Losa Evzen , Sihelska Kristina , Rezankova Klara , Lorincik Jan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Correct mathematical models of a reactor core in benchmarking of reactor physics experiments require detailed knowledge of exact isotopic composition of fuel pellets, especially the presence of neutron absorbers. Among them, knowledge of 234U and 236U abundance in fuel is important, because their absorption is considerably stronger than that of the most common 238U and their concentration is significantly higher than any other absorbers. Thus, the fuel pellets used in the nuclear research reactor LR-0 have been experimentally investigated using the procedure that involves a method of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), which allowed for analyses of miniature amount of the pellet material without disturbing its integrity. The pellets were swiped with cotton cloths and the microscopic particles collected on the cloth were analyzed. The isotopic composition of individual uranium particles then provided information required for the reactor core modeling and in addition to that some hints about used source materials, history of nuclear material, and the manufacturing process of the pellets.
Pregravid contraceptive use and fecundability: prospective cohort study
Authors: Yland Jennifer J , Bresnick Kathryn A , Hatch Elizabeth E , Wesselink Amelia K , Mikkelsen Ellen M , Rothman Kenneth J , Sørensen Henrik T , Huybrechts Krista F , Wise Lauren A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the association between pregravid use of a variety of contraceptive methods and subsequent fecundability.

Design
Prospective cohort study.

Setting
Denmark and North America, 2007-19.

Participants
17 954 women who had tried to conceive for up to six menstrual cycles at study entry. At baseline, participants reported their contraceptive histories, and personal, medical, and lifestyle characteristics.

Main outcome measures
Pregnancy, determined by bimonthly follow-up questionnaires for up to 12 months.

Results
Approximately 38% (n=6735) of participants had recently used oral contraceptives, 13% (n=2398) had used long acting reversible contraceptive methods, and 31% (n=5497) had used barrier methods. Women who had recently stopped using oral contraceptives, the contraceptive ring, and some long acting reversible contraceptive methods experienced short term delays in return of fertility compared with users of barrier methods. Use of injectable contraceptives was associated with decreased fecundability compared with use of barrier methods (fecundability ratio 0.65; 95% confidence interval 0.47 to 0.89). Users of injectable contraceptives had the longest delay in return of normal fertility (five to eight menstrual cycles), followed by users of patch contraceptives (four cycles), users of oral and ring contraceptives (three cycles), and users of hormonal and copper intrauterine devices and implant contraceptives (two cycles). Lifetime length of use of hormonal contraceptive methods was not associated with fecundability.

Conclusions
Use of some hormonal contraceptive methods was associated with delays in return of fertility, with injectable contraceptives showing the longest delay. The findings indicated little or no lasting effect of long term use of these methods on fecundability.
Application of the theory of regulatory fit to promote adherence to evidence-based breast cancer screening recommendations: experimental versus longitudinal evidence
Authors: Petrocchi Serena , Ludolph Ramona , Labrie Nanon H M , Schulz Peter 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesTo reduce overtreatment caused by overuse of screening, it is advisable to reduce the demand for mammography screening outside the recommended guidelines among women who are not yet eligible for inclusion in systematic screening programmes. According to principles of regulatory fit theory, people make decisions motivated by either orientation to achieving and maximising gains or avoiding losses. A study developed in two phases investigated whether video messages, explaining the risks and benefits of mammography screening for those not yet eligible, are perceived as persuasiveDesignPhase 1 was an experimental study in which women’s motivation orientation was experimentally induced and then they were exposed to a matching video message about mammography screening. A control group received a neutral stimulus. Phase 2 introduced a longitudinal component to study 1, adding a condition in which the messages did not match with the group’s motivation orientation. Participants’ natural motivation orientation was measured through a validated questionnaireParticipants360 women participated in phase 1 and another 292 in phase 2. Participants’ age ranged from 30 to 45 years, and had no history of breast cancer or known BReast CAncer gene (BRCA) 1/2 mutation.ResultsIn phase 1, a match between participants’ motivation orientation and message content decreased the intention to seek mammography screening outside the recommended guidelines. Phase 2, however, did not show such an effect. Fear of breast cancer and risk perception were significantly related to intention to seek mammography screeningConclusionsPublic health researchers should consider reducing the impact of negative emotions (ie, fear of breast cancer) and risk perception when promoting adherence to evidence-based breast cancer screening recommendations.