bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric Water Vapor Budget and Its Long‐Term Trend Over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yan Hongru , Huang Jianping , He Yongli , Liu Yuzhi , Wang Tianhe , Li Jiming 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe rapid warming and consequent retreat of glaciers across the Tibetan Plateau (TP) have given rise to the debate on the ability of the atmospheric water supply to alleviate the depletion of surface water storage. We investigate long‐term changes in atmospheric water vapor balance across the TP using 40‐year fifth generation European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) (ERA5) reanalysis. Precipitation, water vapor convergence, and evaporation generally maintain an equilibrium but with different long‐term variation trends: 0.68, −0.18, and 0.69 mm/a, respectively. Results suggest the inability of the water vapor arriving from outside the TP to effectively replenish the surface water storage. Despite of huge changes in atmospheric water vapor balance during summer, the risk of water storage depletion is brought by other three seasons, especially the autumn. The climatology and long‐term trends of water vapor balance exhibit strong variation across the regions of TP. The surrounding areas of Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon experience sharp decrease in water vapor convergence, thus reducing precipitation. Moreover, increasing evaporation is expected to severely loss of surface water storage. For the Three Rivers Source Region with no significant changes in total precipitations, decrease in water transported from outside of TP overlaps increase in evaporation results in the possible depletion of surface water storage. Brahmaputra basin, inner TP, and Qilian Mountain exhibit significant wetting trends due to increases in both convergence of water vapor flux and evaporation. Above regional and seasonal characteristics of water vapor, balances across the TP are attributed by inhomogeneous variation of atmospheric heat source and complex changes of atmospheric circulations.
Analytical Investigation of the Reaction‐Diffusion Waves in the Mesopause Photochemistry
Authors: Kulikov M. Yu. , Belikovich M. V. , Feigin A. M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe mechanism of the generation of reaction‐diffusion waves in the mesopause region (80–90 km) has been studied analytically. These waves are the propagating phase fronts arising in the oscillations of O, O3, H, OH, and HO2 concentrations. They appear in the presence of horizontal eddy diffusion in zonal direction when mesospheric photochemistry responds subharmonically (with a period of 2 days) to diurnal variations of solar radiation. The photochemical system in the mesopause region is a nonlinear oscillator which can be roughly described by a system of two differential nonautonomous equations with power law nonlinearity which was derived in our earlier papers. To model the wave propagation, we have considered a continuous chain of oscillators with diffusion coupling and with the phase of external periodic forcing depending linearly on spatial coordinates. It was found that the reaction‐diffusion waves are caused by specific “wind” type transport appearing in the equations for the amplitudes of 2‐day photochemical oscillations of O and H concentrations due to the zonal inhomogeneity of the external forcing. The obtained expression for the wave propagation velocity fully confirmed the earlier numerical results that the magnitude of the velocity is proportional to the diffusion coefficient and the gradient of the external forcing phase. The wave propagation direction is determined by the definite phase relations specified by internal parameters of the system only.
Using Factor Separation to Elucidate the Respective Contributions of Desert Dust and Urban Pollution to the 4 January 2020 Tel Aviv Lightning and Flash Flood Disaster
Authors: Lynn Barry H. , Yair Yoav , Shpund Jacob , Levi Yoav , Qie Xiushu , Khain Alexander 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA numerical investigation was conducted to assess the possible impact of desert dust and urban aerosols on a very intense and deadly thunderstorm that occurred within the Tel Aviv metropolitan area on 4 January 2020. For these purposes, the cloud drop nucleation scheme within the spectral (bin) microphysics scheme (SBM) in the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) was coupled with the GoCart (desert) dust model and with hourly surface observations of urban aerosols. Using SBM integrated mass contents and simulated vertical velocities, the dynamic lightning scheme was able to forecast lightning rates within thunderclouds developing in an environment of marine or marine/continental aerosols with dust and/or urban aerosol forcings. Of these aerosol forcings (or factors), the urban aerosols (pollution) intensified lightning rates in convective clouds forming at and just off the Israeli coastline (referred to as the Urban Aerosol Lightning Enhancement Effect; ULE). The inclusion of continental aerosols with dust and urban aerosol sources resulted in the simulation exhibiting the most intense lightning and precipitation storm (referred to as Large Aerosol Small Aerosol Invigoration Effect; LASI). Yet, a comparison of model results and observations suggests that it was the combination of desert dust and urban aerosols alone that focused storm development over western Tel Aviv. The result was that high lightning rates initially focused over western Tel Aviv were accompanied by and then succeeded by a period of heavy rain that led to deadly flooding.
Modeling Hydro‐Morphodynamic Processes During the Propagation of Fluvial Sediment Pulses: A Physics‐Based Framework
Authors: Castro‐Bolinaga Celso F. , Diplas Panayiotis , Bodnar Robert J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFluvial sediment pulses are associated with a sudden and major increase in sediment supply to riverine environments. Their occurrence can be triggered by natural or anthropogenic factors or processes, including landslides, debris flows from tributaries, volcanic eruptions, dam removals, and mining‐related activities. To predict their propagation, decoupled (clear‐water) models are commonly used, despite shortcomings identified when simulating the initial propagation phase and the existence of coupled (sediment‐laden) models. Herein, a framework for improving the accuracy of modeling efforts that simulate fluvial sediment pulse propagation dynamics is presented. The framework is centered on a physics‐based criterion formed by a dimensionless parameter ξ and its threshold condition ξcr. Comparison with laboratory and field studies shows that ξ indicates the relative importance of the terms neglected in decoupled models and that its threshold condition ξcr effectively sets an upper limit for their application. Results show that decoupled models are inaccurate when ξ > ξcr but become sufficient when ξ < ξcr. When applied to well‐monitored fluvial sediment pulses, the framework quantifies the two‐phase propagation dynamics observed in the field, showing an initial phase characterized by ξ > ξcr and a subsequent phase characterized by ξ ≤ ξcr. Overall, the framework provides a physics‐based quantitative approach that addresses the limitations of decoupled models by setting an upper limit for their range of validity.
In Situ and Step‐Heating 40Ar/39Ar Dating of White Mica in Low‐Temperature Shear Zones (Tenda Massif, Alpine Corsica, France)
Authors: Beaudoin Alexandre , Scaillet Stéphane , Mora Nicolas , Jolivet Laurent , Augier Romain 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn order to clarify the link between 40Ar/39Ar record in white mica and deformation, we performed in situ and bulkwise 40Ar/39Ar dating over the East Tenda Shear Zone (Tenda massif, Alpine Corsica). White micas from 11 samples were selected and extensively analyzed using in situ techniques across nested scales of strain‐intensity gradients developed at the expense of a late‐Variscan protolith. 40Ar/39Ar systematics are unaffected by inherited Ar and directly linked to deformation with little or no Ar lattice (volume) diffusion. Extensive sampling allows constraining the end of deformation related to burial and exhumation, respectively, at ~34 and ~22 Ma, bracketing the duration of regional extensional shear to ~12 Myr. Results also highlight a regional strain localization toward the upper contact of the unit with smaller‐scale localization in specific lithologies, notably meta‐aplites. Second‐order complications exist, such as local ill‐defined correlations between ages and finite‐strain microstructures. Thus, the use of a strain gradient as a proxy for strain localization in time is regionally valid but sometimes locally too complex to track or resolve strain partitioning/localization trends at the meter (outcrop) scale and below. Age mixing and incomplete isotopic homogenization by dissolution/precipitation are identified as the main causes of local discrepancies that complicate the link between age and microstructure and the derivation of strain localization rates. Tracking temporal trends in shear distribution across regional‐scale deformation gradients in such settings is possible but requires a multi‐scale approach as implemented here to reveal younging patterns associated to strain localization.
Yanshanian Orogeny During North China's Drifting Away From the Trench: Implications of Numerical Models
Authors: Yang Ting , Liu Shaofeng , Guo Peng , Leng Wei , Yang An 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTectonics in North China and adjacent areas were dominated by the Pacific Plate subduction since the Jurassic. Although the extension‐dominated tectonics in North China since the Early Cretaceous can be well explained by the Pacific Plate subduction, it is still not well understood why North China and adjacent areas underwent intense compression (Yanshanian orogeny) during the Late Jurassic and why these regions rapidly switched to extension‐dominated tectonics during the Early Cretaceous. Plate reconstructions suggest that East Asia was moving rapidly in the direction opposite the trench during the Jurassic when North China was undergoing strong compressional deformation. This relationship between back‐arc deformation and overriding plate's motion seems to contradict previous compilations and geodynamic models. We suggest that large‐scale mantle convection and exotic terrane accretions along the East Asian margin have jointly contributed to the Yanshanian orogeny across North China during the Jurassic. We verify this hypothesis with numerical geodynamic models. Our numerical experiments also suggest that large‐scale downwelling mantle flow beneath Asia has promoted continued subduction beneath the Asian margin despite the subduction was often punctuated by collisional and accretionary events.
Silencing long non-coding RNA CASC9 inhibits colorectal cancer cell proliferation by acting as a competing endogenous RNA of miR-576-5p to regulate AKT3
Authors: Liu Hui-Zi , Shan Ti-Dong , Han Yue , Liu Xi-Shuang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIncreasing studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are regarded as important regulators in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Although lncRNA CASC9 has been studied in CRC, the detailed regulatory mechanism of CASC9 in CRC is still unclear. In this study, we found that CASC9 was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues and cell lines compared to normal controls and that aberrant expression was associated with the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage of CRC. Functionally, CASC9 depletion efficiently inhibited the proliferation of CRC cells and induced cell apoptosis in vitro. Mechanistically, CASC9 was mainly enriched in the cytoplasm of CRC cells and interacted directly with miR-576-5p. Downregulation of miR-576-5p reversed the inhibitory effect of CASC9 siRNA on CRC cell progression. Furthermore, AKT3 has been identified as a downstream target of miR-576-5p. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that AKT3 was negatively correlated with miR-576-5p but positively correlated with CASC9. Downregulation of miR-576-5p restored the effect of CASC9 silencing on AKT3 expression. Therefore, silencing CASC9 could downregulate the expression of AKT3 by reducing the competitive binding of CASC9 to miR-576-5p, thus suppressing CRC cell proliferation and promoting cell apoptosis. In summary, we identified CASC9 as an oncogenic lncRNA in CRC and defined the CASC9/miR-576-5p/AKT3 axis, which might be considered a potential therapeutic target for CRC patients, as a novel molecular mechanism implicated in the proliferation and apoptosis of CRC.
Effects of the agility boot camp with cognitive challenge (ABC-C) exercise program for Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Jung Se Hee , Hasegawa Naoya , Mancini Martina , King Laurie A. , Carlson-Kuhta Patricia , Smulders Katrijn , Peterson Daniel S. , Barlow Nancy , Harker Graham , Morris Rosie , Lapidus Jodi , Nutt John G. , Horak Fay B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFew exercise interventions practice both gait and balance tasks with cognitive tasks to improve functional mobility in people with PD. We aimed to investigate whether the Agility Boot Camp with Cognitive Challenge (ABC-C), that simultaneously targets both mobility and cognitive function, improves dynamic balance and dual-task gait in individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD). We used a cross-over, single-blind, randomized controlled trial to determine efficacy of the exercise intervention. Eighty-six people with idiopathic PD were randomized into either an exercise (ABC-C)-first or an active, placebo, education-first intervention and then crossed over to the other intervention. Both interventions were carried out in small groups led by a certified exercise trainer (90-min sessions, 3 times a week, for 6 weeks). Outcome measures were assessed Off levodopa at baseline and after the first and second interventions. A linear mixed-effects model tested the treatment effects on the Mini-BESTest for balance, dual-task cost on gait speed, SCOPA-COG, the UPDRS Parts II and III and the PDQ-39. Although no significant treatment effects were observed for the Mini-BESTest, SCOPA-COG or MDS-UPDRS Part III, the ABC-C intervention significantly improved the following outcomes: anticipatory postural adjustment sub-score of the Mini-BESTest (p = 0.004), dual-task cost on gait speed (p = 0.001), MDS-UPDRS Part II score (p = 0.01), PIGD sub-score of MDS-UPDRS Part III (p = 0.02), and the activities of daily living domain of the PDQ-39 (p = 0.003). Participants with more severe motor impairment or more severe cognitive dysfunction improved their total Mini-BESTest scores after exercise. The ABC-C exercise intervention can improve specific balance deficits, cognitive-gait interference, and perceived functional independence and quality of life, especially in participants with more severe PD, but a longer period of intervention may be required to improve global cognitive and motor function.
New developments in Huntington’s disease and other triplet repeat diseases: DNA repair turns to the dark side
Authors: Lahue Robert S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHuntington’s disease (HD) is a fatal, inherited neurodegenerative disease that causes neuronal death, particularly in medium spiny neurons. HD leads to serious and progressive motor, cognitive and psychiatric symptoms. Its genetic basis is an expansion of the CAG triplet repeat in the HTT gene, leading to extra glutamines in the huntingtin protein. HD is one of nine genetic diseases in this polyglutamine (polyQ) category, that also includes a number of inherited spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs). Traditionally it has been assumed that HD age of onset and disease progression were solely the outcome of age-dependent exposure of neurons to toxic effects of the inherited mutant huntingtin protein. However, recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed significant effects of genetic variants outside of HTT. Surprisingly, these variants turn out to be mostly in genes encoding DNA repair factors, suggesting that at least some disease modulation occurs at the level of the HTT DNA itself. These DNA repair proteins are known from model systems to promote ongoing somatic CAG repeat expansions in tissues affected by HD. Thus, for triplet repeats, some DNA repair proteins seem to abandon their normal genoprotective roles and, instead, drive expansions and accelerate disease. One attractive hypothesis—still to be proven rigorously—is that somatic HTT expansions augment the disease burden of the inherited allele. If so, therapeutic approaches that lower levels of huntingtin protein may need blending with additional therapies that reduce levels of somatic CAG repeat expansions to achieve maximal effect.
Metallic and dielectric hybrid 3D printed K‐band dielectric‐loaded antenna with reduced sidelobe
Authors: Zhang Bing , Zhou Lin , Chen Qian , Wu Li , Zhou Yanping , Zhu Huacheng , Zhang Yi , Cheng Fei , Lu Ping , Huang Kama , Yang Yang 
Published: October 2020

A K‐band (18–27 GHz) dielectric‐loaded waveguide antenna is designed as the feed for a parabolic reflector. The antenna is composed of a waveguide launcher and a dielectric load. The waveguide launcher is fabricated by selective laser melting using aluminium alloy. The dielectric load is fabricated by stereolithography using resin. The aperture field distribution of the antenna is tuned by extending the E‐ and H‐walls of the waveguide launcher to radiate a sidelobe‐reduced main beam in the boresight from −90° to  + 90°. The agreement is achieved between the simulation and measurement. It has impedance bandwidth of |S11|<−10 from 18 to 27 GHz, the maximum gain of 11.8 dBi @ 19 GHz, and 3‐dB gain bandwidth from 18 to 25 GHz. For the sidelobe reduced, simple design and low cost, the proposed antenna features a good candidate as the feed for a parabolic reflector.
60 GHz wide‐band psi (Ψ)‐shaped long‐wire antenna for wireless on‐board chip‐to‐multi‐chip communication
Authors: Jang Tae Hwan , Park Chul Soon 
Published: October 2020

A novel type of wide‐band long‐wire antenna is presented for 60 GHz wireless on‐board chip‐to‐multi‐chip applications using a vertically polarised electric field. The psi‐shaped structure is devised to match the antenna input impedance to 50 Ω and to increase the front‐to‐back ratio by placing two bent 0.5λeff lines parallel to the original long‐wire antenna, which resulted in improved realised gain and can be directivity compared to those of a conventional baseline structure. The psi‐shaped long‐wire antenna shows a peak gain of 10.2 dBi, an end‐fire gain of 7 dBi, a 22% impedance bandwidth (52–65.2 GHz), and a 25.8% 3 dB gain bandwidth (56–74 GHz) in an area of 3.1 × 105 mm2. This study presents the proposed antenna for an on‐board chip‐to‐multi‐chip communication scenario for a distance of 20 mm, with a peak transmission gain of −19.5 dB and a 3 dB bandwidth of 11.8 GHz (=19.6%), which ranges from 55.4 to 67.2 GHz.
Extended view on the dust shells around two carbon stars
Authors: Mečina M. , Aringer B. , Nowotny W. , Groenewegen M. A. T. , Kerschbaum F. , Brunner M. , Gail H.-P. 
Published: October 2020

Context. Stars on the asymptotic giant branch lose considerable amounts of matter through their dust-driven stellar winds. A number of such sources have been imaged by Herschel/PACS, revealing a diverse sample of different morphological types. Among them are a few examples which show geometrically thin, spherically symmetric shells which can be used to probe the mass loss history of their host stars.
Aims. We aim to determine the physical properties of the dust envelope around the two carbon stars U Hya and W Ori. With the much-improved spatial constraints from the new far-infrared maps, our primary goal is to measure the dust masses contained in the shells and see how they fit the proposed scenarios of shell formation.
Methods. We calculated the radiative transfer of the circumstellar dust envelope using the 1D code More of DUSTY (MoD). Adopting a parametrised density profile, we obtained a best-fit model in terms of the photometric and spectroscopic data, as well as a radial intensity profile based on Herschel/PACS data. For the case of U Hya, we also computed a grid of circumstellar envelopes by means of a stationary wind code and compare the results of the two modelling approaches.
Results. The Herschel/PACS maps show U Hya surrounded by a detached shell of 114′′ (0.12 pc) in radius, confirming the observations from previous space missions. The dust masses calculated for the shell by the two approaches are consistent with respect to the adopted dust grain properties. In addition, around W Ori, we detect for the first time a weak spherically symmetric structure with a radius of 92′′ (0.17 pc) and a dust mass of (3.5 ± 0.3) × 10−6 M⊙.
Palliative treatment for malignant gastrointestinal obstruction with peritoneal carcinomatosis: enteral stenting versus surgery
Authors: Jaruvongvanich Veeravich , Chesta FNU , Baruah Anushka , Oberoi Meher , Adamo Daniel , Singh Prabh G. , Meyer Alyssa , Law Ryan J. , Buttar Navtej 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Management of malignant gastrointestinal obstruction (MGIO) is more challenging in the presence of peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC). Outcomes data to guide the management of MGIO with PC are lacking. We aimed to compare the clinical outcomes and adverse events between endoscopic and surgical palliation and identify predictors of stent success in patients with MGIO with PC.
Patients and methods Consecutive inpatients with MGIO with PC between 2000 and 2018 who underwent palliative surgery or enteral stenting were included. Clinical success was defined as relief of obstructive symptoms.
Results Fifty-seven patients with enteral stenting and 40 with palliative surgery were compared. The two groups did not differ in rates of technical success, 30-day mortality, or recurrence. Clinical success from a single intervention (63.2 % versus 95 %), luminal patency duration (27 days vs. 145 days), and survival length (148 days vs. 336 days) favored palliative surgery (all P < 0.05) but the patients in the surgery group had a trend toward better Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) status. The rate of adverse events (AEs) (10.5 % vs. 50 %), the severity of AEs, and length of hospital stay (4.5 days vs. 9 days) favored enteral stenting (P < 0.05). The need for more than one stent was associated with a higher likelihood of stent failure.
Conclusions Our study suggests that enteral stenting is safer and associated with a shorter hospital stay than palliative surgery, although unlike other MGIOs, clinical success is lower in MGIO with PC. Identification of the right candidates and potential predictors of clinical success in ECOG-matched large-scale studies is needed to validate these results.