bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSVIII-30 Reduced-lignin alfalfa digestibility and effects on performance of growing beef steers
Authors: Karls Caleb , Undersander Dan , Combs David , Donnelly Derek , Engel Cara , Miller Donald , Schaefer Dan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Novel alfalfa varieties have been developed to have less lignin by genetic modification, (HarvXtra, Forage Genetics International) and by conventional breeding, (HiGest 360, Alforex Seeds). Second crop (d 29) of these alfalfas and a control, LegenDairy XHD (Winfield Solutions LLC), were harvested as high moisture wrapped bales (45.9–51.6 % DM) at the Arlington Agricultural Research Station (AARS) located near Arlington, WI, on July 5, 2017. The objectives of these experiments were to characterize novel reduced-lignin alfalfa varieties, assess their effects on growth of beef steers, and determine digestibilities using a total fecal collection trial. Treatments were fed ad libitum as alfalfa baleage to 300 kg (initial weight) black-hided beef steers, (n = 72, 4 pens/treatment, 83 d). Steers were fed solely alfalfa baleage and offered a trace mineral salt block by way of fence line feed bunks. Alfalfa lignin values were 7.56, 7.18, and 6.3% DM (P = 0.34) for LegenDairy, HiGest and HarvXtra, respectively. Steers gained 0.94, 1.00, and 1.07 kg hd-1 d-1 (P = 0.25) for LegenDairy, HiGest and HarvXtra, respectively. The same harvested alfalfa was used in a total collection fecal trial with fecal collection bags (Table 1). Numerical differences between alfalfa digestibilities were observed but no significant treatment effects were detected. Total tract NDF digestibilities (TTNDFD) for harvested alfalfas were 33.9, 35.0 and 40.3 % NDF (P = 0.079) for LegenDairy, HiGest and HarvXtra, respectively. Alfalfa lignin concentration differences were not detected through acid detergent-lignin analysis of harvested bales. While the ranking of lignin concentrations, digestibilities, and growth rates followed prevailing logic, alfalfa variety treatment effects were not detected. Experimental designs with greater sensitivity should be implemented in the future.
PSV-35 Correlation of acute-phase blood proteins level and quality and cryostability of sperm in horses
Authors: Atroshchenko Mikhail , Engalycheva Mariya , Kudlaeva Anna , Borodkina Elena , Fomina Mariya , Zvyagina Valentina , Musidray Artem , Timofeeva Svetlana , Sachenkova Daria , Isaeva Varvara 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the relationship between acute phase indicators of a biochemical blood test with the quality and cryostability sperm in stallions. Semen from 59 stallions (aged from 5 to 15 years) were collected during the breeding season (February–May). Blood plasma samples were studied using a Vegasys automatic biochemical analyzer (Analyzer Medical System, Italy). The following parameters were determined in blood plasma: total protein, level of albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin ratio, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen. Each sperm sample was evaluated by volume, concentration, total sperm, as well as progressive motility and survival of sperm in chilled and thawed sperm during hypothermic storage at +40С. The normality of the distribution of quantitative traits was determined using the Shapiro-Wilk test. For each of the indicators, the Spearman coefficient was calculated. Significance of differences was assessed using the Mann-Whitney test, the results were statistically significant at P ≤0.05. The concentration of biochemical parameters in blood serum averaged: total protein - 67.4 ± 0.7 g/l, albumin - 39.4±0.6 g/l, globulins - 28.4±0.8 g/l, C reactive protein - 0.3±0.1 mg/l, fibrinogen - 3.1±0.1 g/l. A significant negative correlation between the plasma fibrinogen and sperm survival during hypothermic storage (at +4ºС) of chilled (r=0.48; P &lt; 0.001) sperm and progressive sperm motility after thawing (r =-0.29; &lt; 0.05) was found. We suggest that an increase in the level of fibrinogen in the blood may indicate the presence of latent inflammatory, immuno-mediated processes in the body, including those affecting the quality and cryostability of sperm in stallions. Authors acknowledge financial support from Russian Science Foundation, Grant No: 20-16-00101, development program of Bioresource collections “Cryobank of genetic recourses the All-Russian Research Institute for Horse Breeding.”
PSVII-38 Program Chair Poster Pick: Late-Breaking Abstract: A Rapid Consumer Survey Capturing the Perceptions of Beef Marketing Before and During COVID-19
Authors: Snyder Lori Unruh , Fisher Melanie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In today’s marketplace, consumers have a plethora of options when it comes to purchasing beef, whether that be conventional, all-natural, organic, or any other feed based labeling. They also have the freedom to make that purchasing decision based on the brand, packaging, and price just to name a few. However, the supply of beef that is on the shelves for consumers changed since the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak. This poster reveals that no significant differences were recorded with purchasing decisions nor marketing decisions; however, data was analyzed for themes that are present during this pandemic.The purpose of this study is to find out how the purchasing behaviors of consumers have changed since the COVID-19 outbreak in terms of beef. Are specialty labels less important? Does brand loyalty still matter? In order to evaluate this, we asked consumers several questions to better understand current behaviors and trends for the marketing of beef products. The poster will provide the coded data and summaries of the total population of 54 participants.
PSVII-36 Late-Breaking Abstract: Protein concentrations in basal diets affect metabolizable energy of feed ingredients determined by difference procedure in pigs
Authors: Kim Hansol , Sung Jung Yeol , Kim Beob G 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objective was to investigate the influence of crude protein (CP) concentrations in the basal diet on the metabolizable energy (ME) of feed ingredients determined using the difference procedure in pigs. Twelve barrows (73.7 ± 5.5 kg body weight) individually housed in metabolism crates were used. A low-protein basal diet (LPBD, 7.4% CP) was composed of 97.5% corn as the sole energy source and a high-protein basal diet (HPBD, 14.3% CP) was composed of 78.0% corn and 19.6% soybean meal. Four additional diets were prepared by replacing 20% of the energy sources in the basal diets with full-fat soybean (FFSB, 37.7% CP) or soy protein isolate (SPI, 87.6% CP). The 6 experimental diets were fed to 12 pigs employing a replicated 6 × 4 incomplete Latin square design with 4 periods. Each period was consisted of 4 days of adaptation and 4 days of collection period and the marker-to-marker method was used for fecal collection. Urinary gross energy output was greater (243 vs. 176 kcal/d; P &lt; 0.05) in the HPBD group compared with the LPBD group. While ME in the HPBD was greater (3,418 vs. 3,322 kcal/kg; P &lt; 0.05) than in the LPBD, ME in FFSB diets (3,585 and 3,633 kcal/kg in the LPBD and HPBD group, respectively) and SPI diets (3,537 and 3,537 kcal/kg, respectively) were not different between the 2 basal diet groups. Metabolizable energy of the test ingredients was less (P &lt; 0.05) in pigs fed the HPBD group (4,565 and 4,111 kcal/kg in FFSB and SPI, respectively) compared with pigs fed the LPBD group (4,756 and 4,517 kcal/kg in FFSB and SPI, respectively). In conclusion, as the protein in the basal diet increases, metabolizable energy in a test ingredient determined using the difference procedure decreases mainly due to greater urinary energy output in pigs.
PSVIII-38 Late-Breaking Abstract: Estimating genetic parameters of feed efficiency traits in American mink
Authors: Davoudi Pourya , Do Duy Ngoc , Hu Guoyu , Ardestani Siavash Salek , Miar Younes 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Feed cost is the major input cost in the mink industry and thus improvement of feed efficiency through selection for high feed efficient mink is necessary for the mink farmers. The objective of this study was to estimate the heritability, phenotypic and genetic correlations for different feed efficiency measures, including final body weight (FBW), daily feed intake (DFI), average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and residual feed intake (RFI). For this purpose, 1,088 American mink from the Canadian Center for Fur Animal Research at Dalhousie Faculty of Agriculture were recorded for daily feed intake and body weight from August 1 to November 14 in 2018 and 2019. The univariate models were used to test the significance of sex, birth year and color as fixed effects, and dam as a random effect. Genetic parameters were estimated via bivariate models using ASReml-R version 4. Estimates of heritabilities (±SE) were 0.41±0.10, 0.37±0.11, 0.33±0.14, 0.24±0.09 and 0.22±0.09 for FBW, DFI, ADG, FCR and RFI, respectively. The genetic correlation (±SE) was moderate to high between FCR and RFI (0.68±0.15) and between FCR and ADG (-0.86±0.06). In addition, RFI had low non-significant (P &gt; 0.05) genetic correlations with ADG (0.04 ± 0.26) and BW (0.16 ± 0.24) but significant (P &lt; 0.05) high genetic correlation with DFI (0.74 ± 0.11) indicating that selection for lower RFI will reduce feed intake without adverse effects on the animal size and growth rate. The results suggested that RFI can be implemented in genetic/genomic selection programs to reduce feed intake in the mink production system.
PSX-34 Late-Breaking Abstract: Effect of Genotype and Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) on milk yield of Ankole and its crossbreeds in Rwanda
Authors: Ntawubizi Martin , Niyonzima Yvan Bienvenu , Rydhmer Lotta , Hirwa Claire D’André , Manzi Maximillian , Strandberg Erling 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The trend in crossbreeding the indigenous and resilient “Ankole” cattle with imported high performant breeds in Rwanda, believed to boost milk production while tempering on adaptive traits to local environment, leaves cautions on a profiling “genetic erosion” of Ankole. It is uncertain establishing whether new crossbreeds would acquire necessary resilience to parasites and climate stressors, where access to data records is unfordable. The objective of this study was to assess the environmental effect on milk yield (MY) in Ankole and its crossbreeds (with Holstein Frisian-AF, Jersey-AJ and Sahiwal-AS). Data of daily MY (61984 records; n = 188 cows), ambient temperature and relative humidity have been recorded from 2 research farms (Rubona-2.5536’ S, 29.6014’ and Songa-2.24’S, 29.46’E) located in the mid-altitude zone (1400–1500 m.a.s.l), on a period of 4 years (2014–2017). Fixed effects of Temperature-Humidity Index (THI, measure of Heat Stress), parity, genotype and station on MY have been investigated, using a General Linear Model (Y = μ+ p + g + s + rTHI + ℮; SAS 9.4). Results indicated an overall negative effect of THI threshold values on ML (P &gt; 0.0001), with an aggregate decline slope of 0.12kg/day/THI. Ankole breed showed a lower ML decline slope (0.02 kg/day/THI) after the THI threshold of 75, suggesting its ability to resist in heat stress with relatively milder effect on its daily milk yield. However, although with important MY loss induced by THI as compared to Ankole, results suggested the ability of crossbreeds to withstand higher levels of THI thresholds evaluated at 76 with a decline slope of 0.08kg/day/THI and 0.12kg/day/THI, respectively for AH and AJ, while THI thresholds for AS was found at 77 (0.12kg/day/THI). The observed relative resistance of Ankole crossbreds to higher heat stress levels would suggest a possible heterosis effect.
PSX-29 Late-Breaking Abstract: The effectiveness of in vivo determination of meat quality using an ultrasonic scanning device in Kazakhstan
Authors: Bissembayev Anuarbek , Abuyev Nurzhan , Seitmuratov Anuarbek , Nazarbekov Altay , Zhali Saule 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Improving beef quality is important task for livestock in Kazakhstan. Almost all indicators characterizing the quality of carcasses and beef are evaluated after slaughter. Their use in breeding is limited (Legoshin G.P. 2010). For lifetime assessment of carcasses in pedigree and slaughter cattle, Aloka 500B, EXAGO, EVO ultrasonographs are used, using which there is a high coincidence of the lifetime forecast of muscular development over the eye muscle area with the indicator in carcasses after slaughter of animals (Bisembaev A.T. 2019). A high correlation of prognosis of ribeye area with live weight of animals was noted (Lisitsyn A.B. 2010). The aim of the project is to study the effectiveness of in vivo determination of meat quality using an ultrasonic scanning device. Tasks: to determine the ribeye area, the fat of the cattle using an EXAGO ultrasonograph; compare the ribeye area, the fat of the slaughter cattle, determined using an EXAGO ultrasonograph and measured on the carcass after slaughter. The studies were carried out on pedigree bull-calves of the Kazakh white head (85 animals), Auliekol (101 animals) breeds aged 14–15 months and on the feeding stock (6 animals) with a live weight of more than 943 lb. The ribeye area, the fat were obtained: Kazakh white head had 23.2 sq.in and 0.10 in, Auliekol – 20.4 sq.in and 0.09 in. The animals studied after slaughter yielded full-bodied carcasses, while the slaughter yield averaged 56.3%. The correlation between live weight level and ribeye was r=0.97. The coincidence of ribeye, measured by an ultrasonograph with a post-mortem measurement averaging 93.8%. The introduction of ultrasound methods for determining beef productivity in beef industry will allow livestock husbandry to become cost-effective and improve the beef quality. The results of ultrasound images for the carcass traits will be applied in selection and breeding work.
PSX-38 Late-Breaking Abstract: Sequential feeding with diets varying differ in amino acid content on nutrient balance in growing-finishing pigs
Authors: Veira Alini M , Santos Luan S , Campos Paulo H R F , Hauschild Luciano 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of conventional and sequential feeding programs with diets varying in amino acid content over the day on nutrient balance for growing-finishing pig. Sixty-eight barrows with an average initial BW of 25.0±2.04 were housed in a single pen with five automatic intelligent precision feeders (AIPF; University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain). Pigs were distributed in four feeding programs: 1) conventional feeding (CONV) in which pigs received 100% of SID AA recommendations for the entire day; 2) sequential feeding (SEQ80-120) providing 80% SID AA recommendations from 0000 to 1159h and 120% from 1200 to 2359h; 3) sequential feeding (SEQ70-130) providing 70% SID AA recommendations from 0000 to 1159h and 130% from 1200 to 2359h; and 4) sequential feeding (SEQ60-140) providing 60% SID AA recommendations from 0000 to 1159h and 140% from 1200 to 2359h. Body lean mass and mineral body content were obtained by DXA analysis and were converted to body protein and P content. Three contrasts were constructed to evaluate the effects between CONV and sequential treatments. In phase 1 (0–28d), pigs fed SEQ70-130 presented higher crude protein intake, N retention, N excretion, P intake and P retention (P &lt; 0.05) compared to CONV fed pigs. SEQ 60–140 fed pigs presented higher P retention and P retention efficiency (P &lt; 0.05) compared to CONV fed pigs. In phase 2 (29–54d), no statistical difference for any evaluated variable was verified (P &gt; 0.05). In phase 3 (55–82d), SEQ70-130 fed pigs showed higher N excretion and lower N retention efficiency and lysine efficiency (P &lt; 0.05) when compared to CONV fed pigs. In the entire experimental period (0–82d), there were no significant differences between treatments. According to our results, sequential feeding program improves nutrient balance of pigs at the beginning of the growth period.
PSX-41 Late-Breaking Abstract: Self-reported statistical training of graduate students associated with confidence in performing statistical analyses
Authors: Serão Nick V , Petry Amy L , Sanglard Leticia P 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Training in statistical analysis is essential to Animal Science graduate student curricula. Recently, with the increased use of high-throughput technologies in Animal Science fields, graduate students need certain statistical competencies to manage and analyze so-called “Big Data.” The objective of this study was to identify the current statistical competencies associated with graduate students’ perceived confidence to perform statistical analyses. Data from a comprehensive survey of students enrolled in Animal Science-related graduate programs (n = 354; 125 M.S. and 229 Ph.D. students), representing 42 U.S. universities, were used. Students scored their competencies in 32 topics, such as analyzing ANOVA, mixed models, non-normal data, etc., using a 6-point scale: from 0 to 5, representing no to high knowledge, respectively. Confidence in performing statistical analysis (CPSA) was calculated as the sum of the scores across all topics. Participant’s CPSA scores ranged from 12 to 151, averaging 80.3±28.6. Two backward regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with CPSA, based on the evaluation of self-perceived competencies on 30 topics covered in statistics courses: one based on their perceived received education (PRE) and one on their perceived knowledge (PK). Thirteen topics were selected (P &lt; 0.15) in each analysis, with 7 overlapping, resulting in R-squareds of 56.9% (PRE) and 71.4% (PK). Overlapping topics included descriptive statistics, heterogeneous variances, linear regression, mean separation, mixed models, normality, and observational studies. The only topic with a negative effect on CPSA was the PK of Negative Binomial analysis, indicating graduate students with greater perceived knowledge for this topic had a lower CPSA. The perceived confidence in performing statistical analyses of Animal Science graduate students seems to increase with their perceived training and knowledge in common statistical methods, whereas statistical competencies needed in the “Big Data” era (e.g. generalized linear and multivariate methods) have limited impact or are not covered.
PSV-30 Influence of crossbreeding on meat production, growth, meat quality, and carcass traits within sheep fed the same diet
Authors: Sabrekova Valentina , Nikanova Daria A , Timoshenko Yulia , Shaydullin Ilyas , Feyzullaev Feyzullah 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of crossbreeding on meat production traits of sheep. Purebred (Volgograd breed, n = 30) and crossbred (F3, Volgograd x ¼ North Caucasian breed, n=30) sheep were fed for 60 days from the age of 8 months. The diet was the same for both groups and included: a dry fodder of mixed herbs, green-cut fodder, stock feed of barley, and salt. The initial liveweight for purebred sheep was 42.39±0.38 kg and for crossbred sheep was 44.41±0.47 kg (P &lt; 0.01). The final liveweight for purebred sheep was 50.10±0.43 kg. Crossbred sheep were heavier at 52.40±0.36 kg (P &lt; 0.001). The weight of carcasses was greater for crossbred sheep at 22.87±0.53 kg (P &lt; 0.05) and 20.67±0.76 kg for purebred sheep. Compared with purebred sheep, crossbred sheep had a lower amount of internal fat (0.92±0.27 kg vs. 1.18±0.35 kg). The weight of meat from purebred sheep was less than crossbred sheep (16.12±0.63 kg vs. 18.28±0.43 kg, P &lt; 0.05) while the weight of bone was almost the same (4.55 vs. 4.59 kg). Consequently, the ratio of meat/bone was 5.54 vs. 3.98. The food energy value for the meat of purebred sheep was greater at 259.36±16.78 kcal than the meat of crossbred sheep at 233.85±11.10 kcal. Total moisture in the meat of purebred sheep was lower (60.11±0.67 vs. 63.05±0.65, P &lt; 0.05), total protein was a little higher (17.71±0.77 vs. 17.63±0.24), and lipids were higher (20.73±0.73 vs. 17.89±0.82, P &lt; 0.05) than in the meat of crossbred sheep. The meat of purebred sheep had a lower concentration of non-replaceable amino acid (12.47 g) compared with meat of crossbred sheep (17.20 g), and a lower concentration of replaceable amino acid (23.08 g vs. 26.84 g). The results of this study can be used to improve meat production and meat quality.
PSV-28 Feeding Ractopamine Improves Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of the Lard-type Mangalica Pig
Authors: Smith Hunter R , Reeves Maegan , Amerson Ellie , Sawyer Jason T , Brandebourg Terry D 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Mangalica pigs are a popular niche breed given their reputation for superior quality pork; however, the slow growth rate, poor lean yield and excessive adiposity exhibited by this breed limits its widespread adoption. Our objective was to determine if feeding Ractopamine (RAC), a metabolic modifier that improves feed efficiency and lean yield, would improve growth performance without impairing pork quality in the Mangalica. To accomplish this, a growth trial was conducted whereby pigs (n = 28) weighing 73 kg were fed a standard grower ration supplemented with either 0 or 22 ppm RAC for 21 days during which daily feed intakes and weekly body weights were recorded for all animals. Then pigs were finished to a 105 kg harvest weight. At 24h postmortem, carcasses were ribbed at the 10th rib to facilitate pork quality and carcass composition measurements. Primal cuts were fabricated and individually weighed. As hypothesized, RAC increased ADG (P &lt; 0.04) and feed efficiency (P &lt; 0.03) 24% and 21% respectively. However, unexpectedly, RAC failed to suppress voluntary feed intake (P &gt; 0.71). Interestingly RAC increased LEA (P &lt; 0.0001) by 21% but did not impact 10th rib fat depth (P &gt; 0.90) or marbling score (P &gt; 0.77). Likewise, RAC failed to alter any primal cut weights. Feeding RAC lowered b* values (P &lt; 0.04) and tended to lower L* values (P &lt; 0.08) while not affecting a* values (P &gt; 0.30) suggesting RAC darkened loin color. Finally, RAC improved cook loss percentage (P &lt; 0.02) 11% while not impacting WBSF (P &gt; 0.31). Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that feeding RAC to the lard type Mangalica pig improves growth performance without impairing pork quality in this breed. Feeding RAC may be a viable strategy to improve the economic feasibility of utilizing this breed to target niche markets.