bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Indian City and its ‘Restive Publics’
Authors: BHATTACHARYYA DEBJANI 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHow do we write about cities in a world of deepening inequality, real-estate geopolitics, and the planetary water crisis that is unfolding in parts of Asia and elsewhere? Indian urban studies, which began to gain ground as a legitimate subject of scholarly enquiry two decades ago, has now emerged as a site to study political society, state-making, and citizenship, and to offer rich accounts of how post-colonial urban governance and law-making work. In this review, I explore the powerful analytics developed in three recent books in urban studies: Anindita Ghosh's historical work on colonial Calcutta, Claiming the City: Protest, Crime and Scandals in Colonial Calcutta, c. 1860–1920 (2016); Asher Ghertner's geographical analysis of neoliberal Delhi, Rule by Aesthetics: World-Class City Making in Delhi (2015); and Nikhil Anand's ethnographic account of restive publics and citizenship in Mumbai, Hydraulic City: Water and the Infrastructures of Citizenship in Mumbai (2017). This recent scholarship on urbanization has moved away from earlier rubrics of segregation, biopolitical disciplining, and resistance to offer rich accounts of the frictions that make and unmake political societies, critical tools to study the life of law in post-colonial cities, infrastructures as sites for the production of citizenship, and new financial and legal assemblages of risk-management, building lobbies, and syndicates around which urban politics is swirling. These accounts also deepen our understanding of the long genealogy of the contemporary moment, including populism, electoral politics, and post-colonial state-making. Indeed, the future of urban studies in a rapidly urbanizing world should be one that helps us to understand the nature of politics, contestations around legalities, environmental crises, and new financial geographies of power and dispossession.
How do ethnicity and deprivation impact on life expectancy at birth in people with serious mental illness? Observational study in the UK
Authors: Das-Munshi Jayati , Chang Chin-Kuo , Dregan Alex , Hatch Stephani L. , Morgan Craig , Thornicroft Graham , Stewart Robert , Hotopf Matthew 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAcross international contexts, people with serious mental illnesses (SMI) experience marked reductions in life expectancy at birth. The intersection of ethnicity and social deprivation on life expectancy in SMI is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of ethnicity and area-level deprivation on life expectancy at birth in SMI, defined as schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, bipolar disorders and depression, using data from London, UK.MethodsAbridged life tables to calculate life expectancy at birth, in a cohort with clinician-ascribed ICD-10 schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, bipolar disorders or depression, managed in secondary mental healthcare. Life expectancy in the study population with SMI was compared with life expectancy in the general population and with those residing in the most deprived areas in England.ResultsIrrespective of ethnicity, people with SMI experienced marked reductions in life expectancy at birth compared with the general population; from 14.5 years loss in men with schizophrenia-spectrum and bipolar disorders, to 13.2 years in women. Similar reductions were noted for people with depression. Across all diagnoses, life expectancy at birth in people with SMI was lower than the general population residing in the most deprived areas in England.ConclusionsIrrespective of ethnicity, reductions in life expectancy at birth among people with SMI are worse than the general population residing in the most deprived areas in England. This trend in people with SMI is similar to groups who experience extreme social exclusion and marginalisation. Evidence-based interventions to tackle this mortality gap need to take this into account.
Infant learning of words in a typologically distant nonnative language
Authors: CHEN Hui , LABERTONIÈRE Dahliane , CHEUNG Hintat , NAZZI Thierry 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInfants attune to their native language during the first two years of life, as attested by decreases in the processing of nonnative phonological sounds and reductions in the range of possible sounds accepted as labels for native words. The present study shows that French-learning infants aged 1;8 can learn new words in an unfamiliar language, Cantonese, after just 6 repetitions of each word. This shows that word learning in a nonnative language remains possible during the second year of life even in a nonnative language that is typologically distinct from the native language.
Church, State and an Operatic Outlaw: Jules Massenet'sHérodiade
Authors: Walker Jennifer 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhen Jules Massenet began work onHérodiadein the late 1870s, he likely expected to see his work premiered at the Paris Opéra. But the coveted Parisian premiere was not to be. Based on a liberal reworking of the infamous tale of Herod, Salome and John the Baptist,Hérodiadeundoubtedly challenges traditional Catholic doctrine. Yet Massenet's opera was not as ‘secular’ as it may seem. I argue here that it draws instead on a Republican-friendly brand of Catholicism that encouraged individual religiosity as an anticlerical strategy. Herein, I argue, lay the reasons whyHérodiadewas outlawed. It was not so much the libretto's liberal transformations of biblical characters as what those transformations represented both to the Catholic Church and to the French state: in the end the representation of a simultaneously Republican and Catholic Christ presented a dangerous analogue to the country's strained political situation.
Changes in Disposable Personal Income and the Gender Personal Income Gap in Sweden, 1983–2010: A Study of Three Different Income Positions
Authors: Jansson Birgitta 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn recent decades, the Swedish economy has been characterized by rather fast economic growth. At the same time, income inequality has increased substantially. In the present study, I investigated who has gained and who has been left behind during this period—how disposable personal income has changed for men and women, as well as for those in different positions in the income distribution. Register data for the total population (aged 20 to 80 years old) from 1983 to 2010 were used and three different positions in the income distribution were investigated: percentile 10, the median, and percentile 99. Five years were selected: 1983, 1991, 2000, 2006, and 2010. Each selected year represents a snapshot and describes the general trend. Results show that women in the 10th percentile have increased their income quite well, a result of increased female labor force participation during the period. This has led to a decrease of the income gap between genders within this group. But results also show a masculinization of low income and poverty, as the male incomes in this group have not increased to the same extent as for males in the other income groups. At the median, both men and women experienced a steady increase of incomes, but the gender gap for ages younger than 50 widened between 2000 and 2010. At the very top, percentile 99, the increase in disposable personal income was enormous; however, the gender gap in income did not decrease.
Multimodel Forecasting of Precipitation at Subseasonal Timescales Over the Southwest Tropical Pacific
Authors: Specq Damien , Batté Lauriane , Déqué Michel , Ardilouze Constantin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMultimodel ensemble (MME) reforecasts of rainfall at subseasonal time scales in the southwest tropical Pacific are constructed using six models (BoM, CMA, ECCC, ECMWF, Météo‐France, and UKMO) from the Subseasonal‐to‐Seasonal (S2S) database by member pooling. These reforecasts are verified at each grid point of the 110°E to 200°E; 30°S to 0° domain for the 1996–2013 DJF period. The evaluation is based on correlation and on the ROC skill score of the upper quintile of precipitation for both weekly targets and Weeks 3–4 outlook. Confirming previous results at the seasonal time scales, the MME reaches the highest skill and also improves the reliability of probabilistic forecasts. However, an equivalent ensemble size comparison between the MME and the individual models shows that the better performance of the MME compared to the best individual models is significantly related to the larger ensemble size of the MME. Forecast skill is then explained in light of potential sources of predictability by evaluating the performance of the models depending on the initial ENSO and MJO state. While the role of ENSO on predictability is quite consistent with its related rainfall anomalies, the role of the MJO is more ambiguous and strongly depends on the location: An initialization in active MJO conditions does not necessarily imply better forecasts. This influence of ENSO and the MJO on predictability does not change when switching from individual models to the MME.
Detailed Investigation of the Foreshock Sequence of the 2010 Mw7.2 El Mayor‐Cucapah Earthquake
Authors: Yao Dongdong , Huang Yihe , Peng Zhigang , Castro Raúl R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractForeshocks can provide valuable information about possible nucleation process of a mainshock. However, their physical mechanisms are still under debate. In this study, we present a comprehensive analysis of the earthquake sequence preceding the 2010 Mw7.2 El Mayor‐Cucapah mainshock, including waveform detection of missing smaller events, relative relocation, and source parameter analysis. Based on a template matching method, we find a tenfold increase in the number of earthquakes than reported in the Southern California Seismic Network catalog. The entire sequence exhibits nearly continuous episodes of foreshocks that can be loosely separated into two active clusters. Relocated foreshocks show several seismicity streaks at depth, with a consistently active cluster at depths between 14 and 16 km where the mainshock was nucleated. Stress drop measurements from a spectral ratio approach based on empirical Green's functions show a range between 3.8 and 41.7 MPa with a median of 13.0 MPa and no clear temporal variations. The relocation results, together with the source patches estimated from earthquake corner frequencies, revealed a migration front toward the mainshock hypocenter within last 8 hr and a chain of active burst immediately 6 min prior to the mainshock. Our results support combined effects of aseismic slip and cascading failure on the evolution of foreshocks.
Simulating Impacts of Precipitation on Ice Cover and Surface Water Temperature Across Large Lakes
Authors: Fujisaki-Manome A. , Anderson E. J. , Kessler J. A. , Chu P. Y. , Wang J. , Gronewold A. D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPrecipitation impacts on ice cover and water temperature in the Laurentian Great Lakes were examined using state‐of‐the‐art coupled ice‐hydrodynamic models. Numerical experiments were conducted for the recent anomalously cold (2014–2015) and warm (2015–2016) winters that were accompanied by high and low ice coverage over the lakes, respectively. The results of numerical experiments showed that snow cover on the ice, which is the manifestation of winter precipitation, reduced the total ice volume (or mean ice thickness) in all of the Great Lakes, shortened the ice duration, and allowed earlier warming of water surface. The reduced ice volume was due to the thermal insulation of snow cover. The surface albedo was also increased by snow cover, but its impact on the delay the melting of ice was overcome by the thermal insulation effect. During major snowstorms, snowfall over the open lake caused notable cooling of the water surface due to latent heat absorption. Overall, the sensible heat flux from rain in spring and summer was found to have negligible impacts on the water surface temperature. Although uncertainties remain in overlake precipitation estimates and model's representation of snow on the ice, this study demonstrated that winter precipitation, particularly snowfall on the ice and water surfaces, is an important contributing factor in Great Lakes ice production and thermal conditions from late fall to spring.
Variations of Lower Thermospheric FUV Emissions Based on GOLD Observations and GLOW Modeling
Authors: Greer K. R. , Eastes Richard , Solomon Stan , McClintock William , Burns Alan , Rusch David 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHere we compare the global‐scale morphology of Earth's the Far‐Ultraviolet (FUV) emissions observed by NASA's Global‐scale Observations of Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission to those modeled using the Global Airglow (GLOW) code with atmospheric parameters provided by Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM). The O 5S oxygen (135.6 nm) and N2 Lyman‐Birge‐Hopfield (LBH) emissions are observed over the Western hemisphere every 30 min by the GOLD instrument. The FUV brightness of the thermosphere‐ionosphere is expected to vary in systemic ways with respect to geophysical parameters, solar energy input from above, and terrestrial weather input from below. In this paper we examine the O 5S oxygen emission and the N2 LBH emission brightnesses with local time, latitude, season, tides, geomagnetic activity, and solar activity based on GOLD observations and GLOW modeling. Early GOLD observations indicate that the model effectively reproduces the brightness variations with local time and latitude but is biased low in magnitude. However, the TIEGCM is unable to accurately represent the extraordinary nighttime equatorial ionization anomaly observed by GOLD. It is also expected from these results that the signal from geomagnetic storms may obscure tidal signals.
Exogenous hormone use, reproductive factors and risk of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma among women: results from cohort studies in the Liver Cancer Pooling Project and the UK Biobank
Authors: Petrick Jessica L. , McMenamin Úna C. , Zhang Xuehong , Zeleniuch-Jacquotte Anne , Wactawski-Wende Jean , Simon Tracey G. , Sinha Rashmi , Sesso Howard D. , Schairer Catherine , Rosenberg Lynn , Rohan Thomas E. , Robien Kim , Purdue Mark P. , Poynter Jenny N. , Palmer Julie R. , Lu Yunxia , Linet Martha S. , Liao Linda M. , Lee I-Min , Koshiol Jill , Kitahara Cari M. , Kirsh Victoria A. , Hofmann Jonathan N. , Graubard Barry I. , Giovannucci Edward , Gaziano J. Michael , Gapstur Susan M. , Freedman Neal D. , Florio Andrea A. , Chong Dawn Q. , Chen Yu , Chan Andrew T. , Buring Julie E. , Freeman Laura E. Beane , Bea Jennifer W. , Cardwell Christopher R. , Campbell Peter T. , McGlynn Katherine A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) arises from cholangiocytes in the intrahepatic bile duct and is the second most common type of liver cancer. Cholangiocytes express both oestrogen receptor-α and -β, and oestrogens positively modulate cholangiocyte proliferation. Studies in women and men have reported higher circulating oestradiol is associated with increased ICC risk, further supporting a hormonal aetiology. However, no observational studies have examined the associations between exogenous hormone use and reproductive factors, as proxies of endogenous hormone levels, and risk of ICC.

Methods
We harmonised data from 1,107,498 women who enroled in 12 North American-based cohort studies (in the Liver Cancer Pooling Project, LCPP) and the UK Biobank between 1980–1998 and 2006–2010, respectively. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to generate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence internals (CI). Then, meta-analytic techniques were used to combine the estimates from the LCPP (n = 180 cases) and the UK Biobank (n = 57 cases).

Results
Hysterectomy was associated with a doubling of ICC risk (HR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.27–3.09), compared to women aged 50–54 at natural menopause. Long-term oral contraceptive use (9+ years) was associated with a 62% increased ICC risk (HR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.03–2.55). There was no association between ICC risk and other exogenous hormone use or reproductive factors.

Conclusions
This study suggests that hysterectomy and long-term oral contraceptive use may be associated with an increased ICC risk.
Molecular profiling of stroma highlights stratifin as a novel biomarker of poor prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Robin Fabien , Angenard Gaëlle , Cano Luis , Courtin-Tanguy Laetitia , Gaignard Elodie , Khene Zine-Eddine , Bergeat Damien , Clément Bruno , Boudjema Karim , Coulouarn Cédric , Sulpice Laurent 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly cancer worldwide, as a result of a late diagnosis and limited therapeutic options. Tumour microenvironment (or stroma) plays a key role in cancer onset and progression and constitutes an intrinsic histological hallmark of PDAC. Thus we hypothesised that relevant prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets can be identified in the stroma.

Methods
Laser microdissection of the stroma from freshly frozen PDAC was combined to gene expression profiling. Protein expression of candidate biomarkers was evaluated by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays (n = 80 tumours) and by ELISA in plasma samples (n = 51 patients).

Results
A signature made of 1256 genes that significantly discriminate the stroma from the non-tumour fibrous tissue was identified. Upregulated genes were associated with inflammation and metastasis processes and linked to NF-Kappa B and TGFβ pathways. TMA analysis validated an increased expression of SFN, ADAMTS12 and CXCL3 proteins in the stroma of PDAC. Stromal expression of SFN was further identified as an independent prognostic factor of overall (p = 0.003) and disease-free survival (DFS) (p = 0.034). SFN plasma expression was significantly associated with reduced DFS (p = 0.006).

Conclusions
We demonstrated that gene expression changes within the stroma of PDAC correlate with tumour progression, and we identified Stratifin as a novel independent prognostic biomarker.
HDAC7 promotes the oncogenicity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by miR-4465-EphA2 signaling axis
Authors: Li Qi-Guang , Xiao Ta , Zhu Wei , Yu Zheng-Zheng , Huang Xiao-Pu , Yi Hong , Lu Shan-Shan , Tang Yao-Yun , Huang Wei , Xiao Zhi-Qiang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHDAC7 plays a crucial role in cancers, and is the main drug target of several HDAC inhibitors. However, the role and mechanism of HDAC7 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) are still unclear. In this study, we observed that HDAC7 was significantly upregulated in the NPC tissues relative to normal nasopharyngeal mucosa (NNM) tissues, HDAC7 expression levels were positively correlated with NPC progression and negatively correlated with patient prognosis, and HDAC7 knockdown dramatically inhibited the in vitro proliferation, migration, and invasion of NPC cells, and the growth of NPC xenografts in mice, indicating the HDAC7 promotes the oncogenicity of NPC. Mechanistically, HDAC7 promoted the in vitro proliferation, migration, and invasion of NPC cells by upregulating EphA2, in which miR-4465 mediated HDAC7-regulating EphA2, a direct target gene of miR-4465. We further showed that miR-4465 was significantly downregulated in the NPC tissues relative to NNM tissues, and inhibited the in vitro proliferation, migration, and invasion of NPC cells by targeting EphA2 expression. Moreover, we observed that the expressions of HDAC7, miR-4465, and EphA2 in NPC tissues were correlated. The results suggest that HDAC7 promotes the oncogenicity of NPC by downregulating miR-4465 and subsequently upregulating EphA2, highlighting HDAC7 as a potential therapeutic target for NPC.
Structure of the cytoplasmic ring of the Xenopus laevis nuclear pore complex by cryo-electron microscopy single particle analysis
Authors: Huang Gaoxingyu , Zhang Yanqing , Zhu Xuechen , Zeng Chao , Wang Qifan , Zhou Qiang , Tao Qinghua , Liu Minhao , Lei Jianlin , Yan Chuangye , Shi Yigong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe nuclear pore complex (NPC) exhibits structural plasticity and has only been characterized at local resolutions of up to 15 Å for the cytoplasmic ring (CR). Here we present a single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the CR from Xenopus laevis NPC at average resolutions of 5.5–7.9 Å, with local resolutions reaching 4.5 Å. Improved resolutions allow identification and placement of secondary structural elements in the majority of the CR components. The two Y complexes in each CR subunit interact with each other and associate with those from flanking subunits, forming a circular scaffold. Within each CR subunit, the Nup358-containing region wraps around the stems of both Y complexes, likely stabilizing the scaffold. Nup205 connects the short arms of the two Y complexes and associates with the stem of a neighboring Y complex. The Nup214-containing region uses an extended coiled-coil to link Nup85 of the two Y complexes and protrudes into the axial pore of the NPC. These previously uncharacterized structural features reveal insights into NPC assembly.
Cryo-electron microscopy reveals two distinct type IV pili assembled by the same bacterium
Authors: Neuhaus Alexander , Selvaraj Muniyandi , Salzer Ralf , Langer Julian D. , Kruse Kerstin , Kirchner Lennart , Sanders Kelly , Daum Bertram , Averhoff Beate , Gold Vicki A. M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractType IV pili are flexible filaments on the surface of bacteria, consisting of a helical assembly of pilin proteins. They are involved in bacterial motility (twitching), surface adhesion, biofilm formation and DNA uptake (natural transformation). Here, we use cryo-electron microscopy and mass spectrometry to show that the bacterium Thermus thermophilus produces two forms of type IV pilus (‘wide’ and ‘narrow’), differing in structure and protein composition. Wide pili are composed of the major pilin PilA4, while narrow pili are composed of a so-far uncharacterized pilin which we name PilA5. Functional experiments indicate that PilA4 is required for natural transformation, while PilA5 is important for twitching motility.
Identification of a prefrontal cortex-to-amygdala pathway for chronic stress-induced anxiety
Authors: Liu Wei-Zhu , Zhang Wen-Hua , Zheng Zhi-Heng , Zou Jia-Xin , Liu Xiao-Xuan , Huang Shou-He , You Wen-Jie , He Ye , Zhang Jun-Yu , Wang Xiao-Dong , Pan Bing-Xing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDysregulated prefrontal control over amygdala is engaged in the pathogenesis of psychiatric diseases including depression and anxiety disorders. Here we show that, in a rodent anxiety model induced by chronic restraint stress (CRS), the dysregulation occurs in basolateral amygdala projection neurons receiving mono-directional inputs from dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC→BLA PNs) rather than those reciprocally connected with dmPFC (dmPFC↔BLA PNs). Specifically, CRS shifts the dmPFC-driven excitatory-inhibitory balance towards excitation in the former, but not latter population. Such specificity is preferential to connections made by dmPFC, caused by enhanced presynaptic glutamate release, and highly correlated with the increased anxiety-like behavior in stressed mice. Importantly, low-frequency optogenetic stimulation of dmPFC afferents in BLA normalizes the enhanced prefrontal glutamate release onto dmPFC→BLA PNs and lastingly attenuates CRS-induced increase of anxiety-like behavior. Our findings thus reveal a target cell-based dysregulation of mPFC-to-amygdala transmission for stress-induced anxiety.