bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beta‐Caryophyllene Augments Radiotherapy Efficacy in GBM by Modulating Cell Apoptosis and DNA Damage Repair via PPARγ and NF‐κB Pathways
Authors: Chan Hui‐Wen , Lin Wei‐Chan , Kuo Deng‐Yu , Chuang Hui‐Yen 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain malignancy with limited treatment options. Radiotherapy (RT) is often used for treating unresectable GBM; however, the outcomes are often limited due to the radioresistance of GBM. Therefore, the discovery of potential radiosensitizers to enhance GBM responses to RT is crucial. Beta‐caryophyllene (BCP), a natural cannabinoid, promotes cancer apoptosis by upregulating the PPARγ signaling pathway and can cross the blood–brain barrier due to its lipophilic nature. This study aimed to evaluate the radiosensitizing potential of BCP in GBM cells. U87MG and GL261 cells and a GL261 tumor‐bearing model were treated with RT, BCP, or both. Treatment efficacy was assessed using the MTT assay and tumor growth tracking, and the underlying mechanisms were investigated using western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and other analyses. BCP synergistically enhanced the efficacy of RT in cell culture, as evidenced by the combination index determined through the MTT assay. This enhancement was mediated by the BCP‐induced deceleration of DNA damage repair, as demonstrated by sustained γH2AX signal, upregulated PPARγ levels, and reduced expression of pAKT, pERK, and NF‐κB, indicating apoptosis induction and inhibition of survival pathways. BCP significantly inhibited tumor growth in GL261 tumor‐bearing mice with no discernible side effects. These findings indicate that BCP may serve as a potential radiosensitizer for improving RT outcomes in GBM by inhibiting DNA repair, inducing apoptosis, and suppressing anti‐apoptotic and survival pathways.
Unexpected pulmonary edema following sitting position craniotomy: A venous air embolism complication
Authors: Daqour Ahmed , Fraij Abdalkareem , Khawaja Dina , Hussain Tassnim , Mabhouh Tawfiq , Salahaldin Mohammad , Saifi Motaz , Abuawad Mohammad 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe report a case of a 42‐year‐old female who had non‐cardiogenic pulmonary edema following a setting position craniotomy to remove a left cerebellar pontine angle mass. During the operation, the patient experienced a sudden drop in her end‐tidal CO2 levels, which needed an immediate intervention. After ruling out other potential causes, we determined that air venous embolism was the cause of this unexpected and serious complication. However, the condition was self‐limited and resolved with supportive treatment after approximately 1 week. This case highlights the importance of recognizing and managing the unexpected complications of venous air embolism, as well as how prompt intervention and supportive treatment are critical for improving patient outcomes.
Blacking any Material Surface by Amyloid‐Fortified Carbon Coating Toward High‐Performance Large‐Scale Solar Steam Generation System
Authors: Wu Yage , Li Ling , Chen Xiaojie , Wang Zhengge , Yao Bowen , Zhao Jian , Yang Peng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEnhancing the interfacial adhesion between carbon‐based coatings and substrates through a simple method remains a challenge, mainly due to the intrinsic chemical inertness of carbon materials. Herein, a carbon nanosphere‐based coating utilizing an amyloid‐like protein aggregation strategy is developed, involving only the reaction of protein, reductant, and carbon nanospheres in an aqueous solution at room temperature. The resultant coating, enriched in amyloid‐like protein structures, features both robust interfacial adhesion and high light absorption (≈98.5%) covering the entire UV/Vis to NIR regions. Adhesion energy between the coating and the glass exceeds 5436 J m−2, which is at least five times higher than those polymer‐reinforced carbon‐based coatings. Combining the strong adhesion and excellent photothermal conversion performance of this coating, a solar steam generation system is constructed with a water treatment capacity of 13.01 kg m−2 d−1, which is sufficient to provide daily supply for tens of people. Importantly, the photothermal conversion unit can be repeatedly cleaned and rolled up for storage, which is beneficial for the construction of portable devices. This work provides a facile and valuable method for preparing carbon‐based coatings with strong interfacial adhesion, exhibiting great promise in energy conversion and storage, flexible wearable sensors, photothermal therapy, and so on.
Isolation, Modification, and Characterization of Starches from Hawthorn yam (Dioscorea rotundata) Grown in Colombia: Bromatological Composition and Structural Analysis
Authors: Rodríguez‐Manrique Jhonatan Andrés , Salcedo‐Mendoza Jairo , Chávez‐Salazar Andrés , Cortés‐Rodríguez Misael , Castellanos‐Galeano Francisco Javier 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe objective is to evaluate the structural and bromatological modifications of hawthorn yam starch modified chemically with 2‐octenyl‐succinic anhydrous (OSA) and enzymatically with amyloglucosidase (AMG). Methodologically, the bromatological composition, amylose, amylopectin and starch contents, degree of crystallinity, particle size distribution and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of native starch, OSA, and AMG from Colombian hawthorn yam were determined. The results indicated higher protein (0.99 ± 0.24%) and fiber (2.00 ± 0.02%) content for the native; higher ash (0.78 ± 0.05%), reducing sugars (66.89 ± 9.10%), sodium (126.31 ± 0.32 mg 100 g−1), iron (1.29 ± 0.01 mg 100 g−1), calcium (72.56 ± 0.35 mg 100 g−1), and copper (3.46 ± 0.02 mg 100 g−1) for OSA. AMG presented the highest manganese content (4.49 ± 0.04 mg 100 g−1). OSA reduced amylose content. AMG presented a larger particle size. In OSA, peaks were identified between 1558 and 1720 cm−1, corresponding to new carbonyl groups (CO) of the octenyl‐succinyl radical. The results indicate that modification with OSA leads to structural alterations that can promote yam starch as an additive to formulate emulsions or colloidal systems during the development of microencapsulated products for the pharmaceutical or food industry.
A Kampo medicine, choreito, evaluated on female lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) with bladder pain
Authors: Takei Mineo , Tokita Yohei , Hamaguchi Marie , Aishima Manami , Ichikura Sachiko , Okabe Ayami , Naito Seiji , Yokomizo Akira 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimChoreito (CRT) is a pharmaceutical‐grade Kampo medicine and has been widely prescribed for patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and cystitis in Japan. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of CRT in patients with persisting bladder pain.MethodsThis study was an open‐label, single‐arm exploratory study (Registration No. jRCTs071190017), and CRT was administered orally for eight weeks in addition to the standard therapy. The primary end‐point was the change in Core Lower Urinary Symptoms Score (CLSS) Q9 (bladder pain) from baseline to eight weeks after treatment. The secondary end‐points were all items of CLSS, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), numerical rating scale of bladder pain, uroflowmetry, residual urine volume test, bladder diary and Overall Treatment Efficacy (OTE).ResultsIn all, 13 female LUTS patients with bladder pain were enrolled. In the primary end‐point, CLSS Q9 (bladder pain) score significantly decreased at the point of week 8. Among secondary end‐points, IPSS Q7 (nocturia) has significantly decreased at weeks 4 and 8 compared with week 0. The numerical rating scale of bladder pain has significantly decreased at week 4. The 24‐hr urine volume significantly increased at week 8. However, no statistically significant changes in other subscores were observed. In satisfaction with CRT treatment according to OTE, 53.8% of patients reported “slightly improved.” There were no adverse drug reactions from CRT.ConclusionWe concluded that CRT has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy for bladder pain. CRT could be potentially a useful add‐on treatment for patients persisting with bladder pain.
Pulsed laser directed energy deposition of super duplex stainless steel: engineering microstructure and improving mechanical properties
Authors: Sayyar Navid , Tucho Wakshum Mekonnen , Hansen Vidar 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAlloys developed by fusion-based additive manufacturing often suffer from the coarse columnar grain structure and their effect on properties. This work involves the practical application of pulsed laser in laser-based directed energy deposition (DED-LB) of super duplex stainless steel which led to engineering the microstructure, improving the mechanical properties, and changing the dominant texture. Pulsed laser DED-LB (here P-DED) with laser spot sizes of 1 and 2 mm and different frequencies were used. Refine-grained ferritic steels containing porosity were produced when using a small laser spot size. Ferrite-to-austenite (α → γ) transformation was constrained to the grain boundaries under the effect of small excitation overlaps. Using broader laser, higher energy input, and ultra-short pulse intervals encouraged γ nucleation, promoted the density, and decreased the content of undesirable oxides that are typically formed during the conventional DED-LB (here C-DED). The local ferritization under the fusion lines of C-DED was avoided by P-DED. Directionally solidified α, extending into several layers, was inhibited by P-DED with optimum overlap. Enhanced supercooling resulted in an in situ grain refinement and columnar-to-equiaxed morphological transition. Defect-free microstructure and effective distribution of interphase boundary surface by P-DED, with a laser spot size of 2 mm and ⁓99% excitation overlap, largely improved the toughness and elongation (with acceptable strength). Pulse-induced convection and isotropic heat flow during P-DED with smaller laser spot size subsided the trend of preferred orientation. However, an alignment of < 001 > α with deposition direction during P-DED with the broader laser preserved the typical {001} < 100 > solidification texture and, consequently, the transformation texture.
A short note on GIA related surface gravity versus height changes in Fennoscandia
Authors: Bagherbandi Mohammad , Sjöberg Lars E. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Vertical land motion and the redistribution of masses within and on the surface of the Earth affect the Earth’s gravity field. Hence, studying the ratio between temporal changes of the surface gravity

$$\left( {\dot{g}} \right)$$

g
˙

and height (

$$\dot{h}$$

h
˙

) is important in geoscience, e.g., for reduction of gravity observations, assessing satellite gravimetry missions, and tuning vertical land motion models. Sjöberg and Bagherbandi (2020) estimated a combined ratio of

$$\dot{g}/\dot{h}$$

g
˙

/

h
˙

in Fennoscandia based on relative gravity observations along the 63 degree gravity line running from Vågstranda in Norway to Joensuu in Finland, 688 absolute gravity observations observed at 59 stations over Fennoscandia, monthly gravity data derived from the GRACE satellite mission between January 2003 and August 2016, as well as a land uplift model. The weighted least-squares solution of all these data was

$$\dot{g}/\dot{h}$$

g
˙

/

h
˙

=  − 0.166 ± 0.011 μGal/mm, which corresponds to an upper mantle density of about 3402 ± 95 kg/m3. The present note includes additional GRACE data to June 2017 and GRACE Follow-on data from June 2018 to November 2023. The resulting weighted least-squares solution for all data is

$$\dot{g}/\dot{h}$$

g
˙

/

h
˙

=  − 0.160 ± 0.011 μGal/mm, yielding an upper mantle density of about 3546 ± 71 kg/m3. The outcomes show the importance of satellite gravimetry data in Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) modeling and other parameters such as land uplift rate. Utilizing a longer time span of GRACE and GRACE Follow-on data allows us to capture fine variations and trends in the gravity-to-height ratio with better precision. This will be useful for constraining and adjusting GIA models and refining gravity observations.
ECMO-weaning facilitated by neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA): a case for principal clarification
Authors: Heinold F. , Moerer O. , Harnisch L. O. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe use of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) has become increasingly prevalent, particularly in respiratory disease pandemics such as H1N1-influenza and SARS-CoV-2. This surge has emphasized the importance of clear therapy recommendations, improved accessibility to ECMO technology, established ECMO teams, and structured networks to ensure access to specialized care throughout the course of the disease for patients with severe ARDS. Although the initiation criteria for VV-ECMO are well defined, treatment strategies while on ECMO regarding e.g., ventilator management or ECMO weaning strategies remain variable and with lack of consensus. NAVA (Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist), as an assisted mechanical ventilation modality, offers real-time electromyographic feedback, which has been shown to enhance prolonged weaning processes from mechanical ventilation. We present a case of penetrating thoracic trauma complicated by ARDS, successfully managed with VV-ECMO. NAVA was employed to monitor and facilitate ECMO. This approach integrates ECMO weaning with ventilation settings, considering both gas exchange lung function, such as carbon dioxide removal, and respiratory mechanics in the form of neuromuscular coupling. This is a new approach to VV-ECMO weaning. More research is planned to validate the efficacy of this method in conjunction with additional parameters, such as diaphragm activity evaluated sonographically in a randomized design. This case underscores the potential of NAVA in VV-ECMO weaning, offering a promising avenue for optimizing patient care and outcomes.
Towards an Ethical Analysis of Research in One Health (EAROH)
Authors: Lederman Zohar 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe COVID-19 and Monkeypox pandemics and the ongoing Marburg outbreak in Rwanda provide a stark reminder of the importance of espousing a One Health (OH) approach to zoonoses as well as other public health and global health issues. Recent years have in fact seen an exponential rise in biomedical and public health journals and publications explicitly adopting the name of OH. Not all research that pertains to be OH however is indeed OH research, insofar as it does not comply with the proclaimed OH goals of benefiting humans, animals, and the environment. Thus, to ensure such compliance a checklist or toolkit for an ethical analysis of research in OH (EAROH) should be required prior to publication in scientific journals or grant applications. Such a toolkit should be developed by a working group of scholars with expertise in OH ethics, animal ethics, and environmental ethics.
“That’s Definitely a Red Flag”: Sexual Violence Risk Perception by Men who have Sex with Men Using Dating and Sexual Networking Apps
Authors: Korovich Megan , Nicoletti Alexandra , Bettinelli Marta , Shank Faith , Angelone D. J. , Jones Meredith C. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSexual violence (SV) victimization is a growing concern for men who have sex with men (MSM), given their high risk for SV relative to heterosexual peers. MSM frequently utilize dating and sexual networking (DSN) apps to meet potential partners, which also puts them at a higher risk of victimization. Understanding the connection between DSN apps and SV victimization for MSM can inform the development of prevention interventions. The aim of this study was to examine partner characteristics MSM perceive as associated with SV risk on DSN apps. We conducted two virtual semi-structured focus groups with 14 MSM between the ages of 18 and 30. Group facilitators queried participants about their experiences with DSN apps and attributes of potentially risky partners. Three levels of perceived SV risk cues emerged as primary themes: yellow flags (attributes used to determine continued engagement), orange flags (caution or warning signs), and red flags (clear indications of danger). MSM described how they use these “flags” to evaluate SV risk when considering whether to interact with potential partners on DSN apps. Future research should assess whether these attributes are indeed associated with SV perpetration and whether strengthening skills for safely navigating DSN app interactions can reduce victimization for MSM.
To Explain or Not To Explain: An Empirical Investigation of AI-based Recommendations on Social Media Platforms
Authors: Haque AKM Bahalul , Islam Najmul , Mikalef Patrick 
Published: December 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence integration into social media recommendations has significant promise for enhancing user experience. Frequently, however, suggestions fail to align with users’ preferences and result in unfavorable encounters. Furthermore, the lack of transparency in the social media recommendation system gives rise to concerns regarding its impartiality, comprehensibility, and interpretability. This study explores social media content recommendation from the perspective of end users. To facilitate our analysis, we conducted an exploratory investigation involving users of Facebook, a widely used social networking platform. We asked participants about the comprehensibility and explainability of suggestions for social media content. Our analysis shows that users mostly want explanations when encountering unfamiliar content and wish to be informed about their data privacy and security. Furthermore, users favor concise, non-technical, categorical representations of explanations along with the facility of controlled information flow. We observed that explanations impact users’ perception of the social media platform’s transparency, trust, and understandability. In this work, we have outlined design implications related to explainability and presented a synthesized framework of how various explanation attributes impact user experience. In addition, we proposed another synthesized framework for end user inclusion in designing an explainable interactive user interface.
Representation theorems for normed modules
Authors: Marino Simone Di , Lučić Danka , Pasqualetto Enrico 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper we study the structure theory of normed modules, which have been introduced by Gigli. The aim is twofold: to extend von Neumann’s theory of liftings to the framework of normed modules, thus providing a notion of precise representative of their elements; to prove that each separable normed module can be represented as the space of sections of a measurable Banach bundle. By combining our representation result with Gigli’s differential structure, we eventually show that every metric measure space (whose Sobolev space is separable) is associated with a cotangent bundle in a canonical way.
A multifield discrete element model for concrete
Authors: Flack Christian , Dinkler Dieter 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA novel multifield modeling concept for concrete on the mesoscale is presented, based on the discrete element method (DEM) coupled with a pore-network model (PNM). This incorporates mechanical, thermal, and chemical fields. Spherical particles with realistic size distributions are employed to represent aggregates that are bonded together. The Voronoi tessellation is employed to generate the mechanical bonds, the thermal pipes, and the pore network. Process zones are introduced at each face of the Voronoi cells to handle chemical reactions as well as the interlink between mechanical and transport processes. A brief description and verification of each model component is provided. Finally, a coupled simulation of sulfate attack is conducted, demonstrating the capabilities of the presented model using a powerful tool for mesoscale investigations.
N-Doped Quantum Dots Promote Rice Germination and Enhance Its Drought Tolerance at Seedling Stage
Authors: Mickky Bardees M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe current study aimed to synthesize nitrogen-doped quantum dots (NQDs) and to study their effect on germination and drought tolerance of two rice cultivars (Sakha Super 300 and Sakha 108) at seedling stage. Microwave-assisted carbonization of glucose in presence of ammonia was followed to obtain NQDs that were characterized by spectral analysis, FTIR, electron microscopy, zetametry, elemental analysis and cytotocicty assessment. Grains of the two rice cultivars were primed in NQDs then germination rate and seedling growth parameters were determined under control and polyethylene glycol-induced drought. Also, the effect of grain priming on membrane features, activity of antioxidant enzymes, H2O2 content and the amount of some drought responsive metabolites was evaluated. The formed NQDs possessed blue luminescence under UV radiation with absorption peak at 275 nm. These NQDs had plenty of hydrophilic oxygen-containing groups with various C–N bonds. NQDs had an average size of 9.4 nm, zeta potential of -16.8 mV, O/C atomic ratio of 52%, and N/C ratio of 40%. NQDs proved to be non-toxic on four human cell lines. Grain priming of the two rice cultivars in NQDs enhanced their germination and ameliorated the ill impact of drought on germination rate as well as seedling length, biomass, and water content. Also, NQDs reduced injury to cellular membranes, reduced H2O2 content, and activated catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. Moreover, NQDs increased seedlings content of trehalose, proline, phenols, and ascorbic acid. The easily prepared, highly stable, and safe-by-design NQDs can be applied to boost germination and drought tolerance of rice seedlings.
Identifying damage to composite materials based on deep residual shrinkage network
Authors: Li J. , Zhang Y. , Chang X. , Sun C. , Lu J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractInterlaminar delamination damage is a common and typical defect in the context of structural damage in carbon fiber-reinforced resin matrix composites. The technology to identify such damage is crucial for improving the safety and reliability of structures. In this paper, we fabricated carbon fiber-reinforced composite laminates with different degrees of delamination damage, conducted static load experiments on them and used femtosecond fiber Bragg grating sensors (fsFBG) to determine their structural state to investigate the effects of delamination damage on their performance. We constructed a model to identify damage based on the deep residual shrinkage network, and used experimental data to enable it to identify varying degrees of delamination damage to carbon fiber-reinforced composites with an accuracy of 97.98%.
Enhancing resilience in IoT cybersecurity: the roles of obfuscation and diversification techniques for improving the multilayered cybersecurity of IoT systems
Authors: Rauti Sampsa , Laato Samuli 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In our digitalized modern society where cyber-physical systems and internet-of-things (IoT) devices are increasingly commonplace, it is paramount that we are able to assure the cybersecurity of the systems that we rely on. As a fundamental policy, we join the advocates of multilayered cybersecurity measures, where resilience is built into IoT systems by relying on multiple defensive techniques. While existing legislation such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) also takes this stance, the technical implementation of these measures is left open. This invites research into the landscape of multilayered defensive measures, and within this problem space, we focus on two defensive measures: obfuscation and diversification. In this study, through a literature review, we situate these measures within the broader IoT cybersecurity landscape and show how they operate with other security measures built on the network and within IoT devices themselves. Our findings highlight that obfuscation and diversification show promise in contributing to a cost-effective robust cybersecurity ecosystem in today’s diverse cyber threat landscape.