bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turning Toward Monitoring of Gaze Stability Exercises: The Utility of Wearable Sensors
Authors: Loyd Brian J. , Saviers-Steiger Jane , Fangman Annie , Ballard Parker , Taylor Carolyn , Schubert Michael , Dibble Lee 
Published: August 2020

Background and Purpose:
Few tools are currently available to quantify gaze stability retraining exercises. This project examined the utility of a head-worn inertial measurement unit (IMU) to quantify head movement frequency, velocity, and amplitude during gaze stability exercises.

Methods:
Twenty-eight individuals with multiple sclerosis and complaints of dizziness or a history of falls were randomly assigned to either a strength and aerobic exercise (SAE) or gaze and postural stability (GPS) group. During a 6-week intervention, participants wore a head-mounted IMU 3 times (early, middle, and late). For aim 1, the frequency, mean peak velocity, and mean peak amplitude of head turns during equivalent duration components of group-specific exercises were compared using general linear models. For aim 2, the progression of treatment in the GPS group was examined using general linear regression models for each outcome.

Results:
Aim 1 revealed the GPS group demonstrated significantly greater velocity and amplitude head turns during treatment than the SAE group. The frequency of head turns did not significantly differ between the 2 groups. The aim 2 analyses demonstrated that the yaw and pitch frequency of head turns significantly increased during gaze stability exercises over the 6-week intervention. Velocity and amplitude of head turns during yaw and pitch gaze stability exercises did not significantly change.

Discussion and Conclusions:
A head-worn IMU during rehabilitation distinguished between groups. Furthermore, within the GPS group, the IMU quantified the progression of the frequency of head movements during gaze stability exercises over time.

Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see the Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A320).
AI support for ethical decision-making around resuscitation: proceed with care
Authors: Biller-Andorno Nikola , Ferrario Andrea , Joebges Susanne , Krones Tanja , Massini Federico , Barth Phyllis , Arampatzis Georgios , Krauthammer Michael 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTArtificial intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly being used in healthcare, thanks to the high level of performance that these systems have proven to deliver. So far, clinical applications have focused on diagnosis and on prediction of outcomes. It is less clear in what way AI can or should support complex clinical decisions that crucially depend on patient preferences. In this paper, we focus on the ethical questions arising from the design, development and deployment of AI systems to support decision-making around cardio-pulmonary resuscitation leading to the determination of a patient’s Do Not Attempt to Resuscitate (DNAR) status (also known as code status). The COVID-19 pandemic has made us keenly aware of the difficulties physicians encounter when they have to act quickly in stressful situations without knowing what their patient would have wanted. We discuss the results of an interview study conducted with healthcare professionals in a university hospital aimed at understanding the status quo of resuscitation decision processes while exploring a potential role for AI systems in decision-making around code status. Our data suggest that 1) current practices are fraught with challenges such as insufficient knowledge regarding patient preferences, time pressure and personal bias guiding care considerations and 2) there is considerable openness among clinicians to consider the use of AI-based decision support. We suggest a model for how AI can contribute to improve decision-making around resuscitation and propose a set of ethically relevant preconditions – conceptual, methodological and procedural – that need to be considered in further development and implementation efforts.
Role of selective Bioactive Compounds as an Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor
Authors: Khan Huma , Husain Tahir , Kataria Monika , Seth Amit , Malik Md. Zubbair , Dash Ashoutosh , Chand Subhash , Khan Mohammad Azhar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHypertension is one of a major reason of mortality and morbidity and it is associated with heart and renal disease. The aim of this study is to find out the antihypertensive role of bioactive compounds from selected medicinal plants targeting ACE molecule which so far is not known. The plants taken in this study wereMoringa oleifera,Azadirachta indica, andHibiscus sabdariffa. The nitric oxide and superoxide scavenging property vary from 39.50% to 68% and 37.67 % to 75.50 %. respectively. The inhibition of ACE activity was found maximally in methanolic extract ofA. indica(74 %), followed by H.sabdariffa(73.4%), and least inM. oleifera(71.8 %). The bioactive chloroform fraction was characterized for the presence of compound using standard techniques such as LCMS and NMR (13C-NMR1H-NMR). The results revealed the presence of beta-sitosterol inM. oleifera, azadiradionolide inA. indicaand hibiscitrin inH. sabdariffa. The compounds have shown significant low binding energy for hibiscitrin (−12.3kcal/mol), beta-sitosterol (−11.2kcal/mol) and azadiradionolide (−11.3kcal/mol) indicating the high efficacy of binding on the enzyme. While, binding energy of drug captopril was −5.6kcal/mol & enalpril - 8.1kcal/mol in the same pocket of the ACE molecule. Upon subjecting molecular dynamic simulation results indicated that beta sitosterol complex provided more compactness than the hibiscitrin and azadiradionolide compounds. The current study delivers a new perspective for the drug development against systolic blood pressure regulation and also opens new horizons for considering alternate highly potent drug target for hypertension.
Modelling early thermal injury using anex vivohuman skin model of contact burns
Authors: Liu Aiping , Ocotl Edgar , Karim Aos , Wolf Josiah J. , Cox Benjamin L. , Eliceiri Kevin W. , Gibson Angela LF 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundEarly mechanisms underlying the progressive tissue death and the regenerative capability of burn wounds are understudied in human skin. A clinically relevant, reproducible model for human burn wound healing is needed to elucidate the early changes in the human burn wound environment. This study reports a reproducible contact burn model on human skin that explores the extent of tissue injury and healing over time, and defines the inter-individual variability in human skin to enable use in mechanistic studies on burn wound progression and healing.MethodsUsing a customized burn device, contact burns of various depths were created on human skin by two operators and were evaluated for histologic depth by three raters to determine reproducibility. Early burn wound progression and wound healing were also evaluated histologically after the thermally injured human skin was culturedex vivofor up to 14 days.ResultsBurn depths were reproducibly generated on human skin in a temperature- or time-dependent manner. No significant difference in operator-created or rater-determined depth was observed within each patient sample. However, significant inter-individual variation was identified in burn depth in ten patient samples. Burn-injuredex vivohuman skin placed into culture demonstrated differential progression of cell death and collagen denaturation for high and low temperature contact burns, while re-epithelialization was observed in superficial burn wounds over a period of 14 days.ConclusionThis model represents an invaluable tool to evaluate the inter-individual variability in early burn wound progression and wound healing to complement current animal models and enhance the translation of preclinical research to improvements in patient care.
A computationally designed fluorescent biosensor for D-serine
Authors: Vongsouthi Vanessa , Whitfield Jason H. , Unichenko Petr , Mitchell Joshua A. , Breithausen Björn , Khersonsky Olga , Kremers Leon , Janovjak Harald , Monai Hiromu , Hirase Hajime , Fleishman Sarel J. , Henneberger Christian , Jackson Colin J. 
Published: August 2020

SummarySolute-binding proteins (SBPs) have evolved to balance the demands of ligand affinity, thermostability and conformational change to accomplish diverse functions in small molecule transport, sensing and chemotaxis. Although the ligand-induced conformational changes that occur in SBPs make them useful components in biosensors, they are challenging targets for protein engineering and design. Here we have engineered a D-alanine-specific SBP into a fluorescent biosensor with specificity for the signaling molecule D-serine (D-serFS). This was achieved through binding site and remote mutations that improved affinity (KD= 6.7 ± 0.5 μM), specificity (40-fold increasevs.glycine), thermostability (Tm = 79 °C) and dynamic range (~14%). This sensor allowed measurement of physiologically relevant changes in D-serine concentration using two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy in rat brain hippocampal slices. This work illustrates the functional trade-offs between protein dynamics, ligand affinity and thermostability, and how these must be balanced to achieve desirable activities in the engineering of complex, dynamic proteins.
Developing WIL curriculum which enhances hospitality students capabilities
Authors: Williamson Janine , Wardle Karina , Hasmi Hazreel 
Published: August 2020

PurposeTo satisfy multiple stakeholders’ employability goals, higher education providers have introduced Work Integrated Learning (WIL) programs to provide opportunities for students to develop the required skills. Yet despite this increased focus, gaps in graduate capabilities persist. Thus, the paper explores the roles of educators, industry and students in co-creating WIL curriculum which provides transformative learning experiences.Design/methodology/approachA survey was designed using the Professional Capability Framework which has been validated in other discipline areas. Mean scores, standard deviation and a one-way ANOVA test were computed to identify gaps between the essential capabilities required for supervisory roles and student's levels of proficiency.FindingsThe study highlights the complexity of creating curriculum which meets the needs of multiple stakeholders. The discussion highlights that whilst educators may lead the development of WIL curriculum, without the active engagement of students and industry, gaps in graduates' “work-readiness” will persist. Opportunities for tripartite learning are highlighted.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitations of utilising a convenience sample are acknowledged.Practical implicationsPractical recommendations are provided for industry, educators and students. Areas for future research are identified to understand the roles of multiple stakeholders in the development of the future hospitality workforces.Originality/valueThe study is the first to apply the Professional Capability Framework in a hospitality context. The study further contributes implications in relation to curriculum design and identifies opportunities for transformative learning for educators, industry and students'.
How the consumer’s attitude and behavioural intentions are influenced: A case of online food delivery applications in India
Authors: Gupta Vikas , Duggal Shelley 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
This study aims to identify various risk and benefit perceptions related to the consumers’ use and selection of online food delivery applications (OFDAs) in India. It also discovers the reasons behind consumers’ OFDAs selection behaviour and how it influences their inclusive attitudes and behavioural intentions (word of mouth and re-use intentions).

Design/methodology/approach
Responses from 337 OFDAs users were subjected to exploratory factor analysis for 5 risk and 2 benefit factors which were tested on a factor model using 31 constructs followed by the structural model.

Findings
It was found that consumers’ usage and selection behaviour related to OFDAs are not only influenced by the perceived risk and benefit factors but are also responsible for their overall attitudinal and behavioural variations. It was also found that a decrease in risk perception or an increase in benefit perception of consumers will positively influence their overall attitude towards the use of OFDAs.

Originality/value
Though a lot of studies related to OFDAs have been conducted in India, but they were limited to identifying the technology used in the apps, analysing the user interface or promoting them as start-ups. Moreover, previous literature related with the risk/benefit perceptions linked with the OFDAs is addressed towards Western countries such as USA, Italy and UK. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first studies that explored the risk/benefit perceptions related to the use and selection of OFDAs in the context of India. Besides, it may also help the stakeholders in OFDA business to align their OFDA features as per the needs of the consumers.
Towards resilient design of the building asset: the BREEAM-based evaluation of the Z Hotel Holborn, London
Authors: Sijakovic Milan , Peric Ana , Ayuso Ollero Pablo 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
Environmental treat poses a challenge to the entire built environment. This paper aims to focus on the building asset as the key element of any urban pattern, and, therefore, a crucial condition towards success or failure in achieving resilience. Through the environmental performance assessment of the adaptive reuse project in London, this paper identifies the design principles of resilience, focusing specifically on the measures for protecting vulnerable parts of the building from damage, as well as protecting exposed parts of the building from material degradation.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on the overview of both scholarly articles and practitioners’ guides, the authors first offer a systematic overview of the main qualities and attributes of the resilient design. Further, to operationalise the resilient design principles, the authors use the well-established Building Research Establishment’s Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) on the case of adaptive reuse of the Z Hotel Holborn in London. Specifically, the authors examine if the case building applies the measures to decrease its internal vulnerability and reduce negative effects of external hazards.

Findings
The study confirms that external shocks are controlled by protecting exposed building parts from degradation and that preventing damage to vulnerable parts of the building increases resilience.

Originality/value
Through the analysis of both reactive and proactive perspectives of resilience, this paper elucidates the concept of resilience in the context of architectural design. Furthermore, this paper identifies the attributes of resilient architectural design and presents the measures which directly influence the durability and resilience of the building asset.
Exploring the influence of religious elements on performance factors in developing countries: a case of the Ghanaian construction industry
Authors: Kissi Ernest , Agyekum Kofi , Adjei-Kumi Theophilus , Caleb Debrah , Micheal Ekow Donkor 
Published: August 2020

PurposeReligiousness is evident in every aspect of life, and its impact on construction project performance is undeniable. However, little has been done to fully understand the influences one's religiosity has on performance factors. This paper aims to explore the influence of religious elements on performance factors in the Ghanaian construction industry (GCI).Design/methodology/approachUsing a desk survey and closed-ended questionnaire, data were obtained from the three religious' bodies (Christianity, Islamic and Traditionalist) in Ghana. The analysis of the collected data was done using mean score ranking and regression analysis.FindingsIt was revealed that most of the religious bodies were aware of the presence of the seven factors identified for measuring construction project performance. The findings suggested that there was a significant and positive relationship between the religious elements (of all the three religions) and cost as well as schedule performance. Islam recorded the highest relationship in influencing public construction project performance relative to cost performances. Specifically, 1% increase in Islamic elements accounted for an 82.7% increase in cost performance. Traditionalists and the Christian religion had minimal significance in influencing cost performance. Furthermore, a 1% progress in Islamic elements accounted for a 45.8% increase in the schedule performance of construction projects and among construction professionals.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has provided better understanding of the religious views on project performance. This research has also provided pragmatic directions to project stakeholders to encourage religious groups to take critical look at the other performance factors that were seen not to be significant.Originality/valueThis paper represents a novel attempt to measure the influence of religious elements on project performance factors in the construction industry. A key contribution to the body of knowledge is that the study has proven that religious element has tendencies to influence cost performance and schedule performance in the construction industry.
How intermediaries' power affects contract farming decisions: evidence from the medicinal and aromatic plant sector in Albania
Authors: Xhoxhi Orjon , Stefanllari Andi , Skreli Engjell , Imami Drini 
Published: August 2020

PurposeIn the debate on rural development, contract farming (CF) is pointed out as a mechanism that reduces constraints on farmers' access to resources and improves farmers' welfare. However, the role of intermediaries' power in farmers' contracting decisions has not been investigated thoroughly. Considering that intermediaries' power affects farmers' businesses, livelihoods, risk and profit sharing, it becomes imperative to understand its effects on contracting decisions. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the dimensions over which intermediaries exercise the power they hold over farmers and how these power dimensions influence farmers' participation in CF.Design/methodology/approachA survey was conducted in the leading Albanian MAP production region, Malësi e Madhe, with 168 sage producers interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is employed to develop measures for the latent variables of the study (e.g. intermediaries' power), and a logit regression is used to assess CF determinants.FindingsThe study finds that intermediaries exercise their power over different dimensions of farmers' activities, namely profit margin and activities related to product quality. The results point out that intermediaries' exercised power over farmers' margins and product quality-related activities decreased farmers' likelihood to engage in CF. On the other hand, a farmer's commitment to the intermediary and investment in specific assets increased the likelihood of participation. Furthermore, the analysis shows that CF does not leave small farmers out of high-value agricultural commodity chains (HVAC) for highly labour-intensive crops.Research limitations/implicationsThe analysis focuses only on one sector with export orientation. Generalisation to other sectors is limited due to the specific features of the MAPs value chain.Originality/valueThe paper expands the debate on CF by adding the concept of intermediaries' power and its different dimensions of influence on farmers' participation in CF.
Audit adjustments and corporate financing: evidence from Iran
Authors: Moradi Mahdi , Salehi Mahdi , Tarighi Hossein , Saravani Mahdi 
Published: August 2020

PurposeIndependent auditors play an important role in increasing the reliability of financial information by giving their professional opinion on the financial statements of business units. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the audit adjustments and financing of companies.Design/methodology/approachThe sample of the study includes 173 Iranian companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) between 2010 and 2017.FindingsThere is no significant association between the profit incremental audit adjustments (Disagreement) and financing of companies in the current year and the following year through a loan. Furthermore, there is no meaningful relationship between the earnings downward/upward audit adjustments (Disagreement) and the financing of companies in the current year and the following year through ordinary stocks. However, there is a meaningful relationship between the profit downward audit adjustments (Disagreement) and the financing of firms in the current year through a loan. In general, as Iran's economy is facing severe economic sanctions, the existence of a high inflation rate has led to a steady increase in the stock prices of Iranian companies; hence, investors regardless of audit reports prefer to invest their money in the stock market so that it does not lose its purchasing power. Under these disaster economic circumstances, creditors are less willing to lend to companies with lower profits.Originality/valueThe results of the current study extend the knowledge of previous studies as financial pressures from economic sanctions have both positive and negative psychological effects on corporate financing.
Image editing-based data augmentation for illumination-insensitive background subtraction
Authors: Sakkos Dimitrios , Ho Edmond S. L. , Shum Hubert P. H. , Elvin Garry 
Published: August 2020

PurposeA core challenge in background subtraction (BGS) is handling videos with sudden illumination changes in consecutive frames. In our pilot study published in, Sakkos:SKIMA 2019, we tackle the problem from a data point-of-view using data augmentation. Our method performs data augmentation that not only creates endless data on the fly but also features semantic transformations of illumination which enhance the generalisation of the model.Design/methodology/approachIn our pilot study published in SKIMA 2019, the proposed framework successfully simulates flashes and shadows by applying the Euclidean distance transform over a binary mask generated randomly. In this paper, we further enhance the data augmentation framework by proposing new variations in image appearance both locally and globally.FindingsExperimental results demonstrate the contribution of the synthetics in the ability of the models to perform BGS even when significant illumination changes take place.Originality/valueSuch data augmentation allows us to effectively train an illumination-invariant deep learning model for BGS. We further propose a post-processing method that removes noise from the output binary map of segmentation, resulting in a cleaner, more accurate segmentation map that can generalise to multiple scenes of different conditions. We show that it is possible to train deep learning models even with very limited training samples. The source code of the project is made publicly available at https://github.com/dksakkos/illumination_augmentation