bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Young Sex Workers and their Health Hazards in Old Age: A Study in Mumbai-Karnataka region
Authors: Sonar Gangadhar Balchandrarao 
Published: December 2020

This paper is the outcome of an empirical study conducted as part of major research project supported by University Grants Commission, New Delhi.Â The aim of the paper is to explore the health complications developed by female elderly sex workers aged 45 years and above who entered the profession between the age group of 13 to 35 years.Â They are a section of women, weakest among the weaker sections for being women, vulnerable, stigmatised, marginalised, excluded and resource poor. The paper suggests measures to ameliorate the conditions of female elderly commercial sex workers with reference to their health needs.
Pre Disinvestment & Post Disinvestment Financial Analysis of Oil and Gas Company in Indiaâ€
Authors: Gupta Sumeet , Srivastava Sharad 
Published: December 2020

Disinvestment of minority share of PSU have become one of the important medium of raising revenue for the government. The government wanted to reduce its fiscal deficit by doing disinvestment of public sector enterprise. It is believed that operating performance and efficiency of Public sector enterprise gets improved after the post disinvestment period. There are many public sector enterprise whose financial performance got improved after the disinvestment.The prime focus of the study is to examine:Why there is a need for disinvestment of public sector enterprise Â Â Â Â such as ONGC and IOCL.The impact of disinvestment on the financial and operating Â Â Â Â performance on pre disinvestment as well as on post disinvestment period.Â In this study financial performance will be measured e.g.Â Profitability ratio, efficiency ratio, liquidity ratio, & leverage and ratio for perspective investor. The financial performance will be used to access whether there is any impact of disinvestment on companyâ€™s performance of Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd. & Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. Â
India-Pakistan Bilateral Trade
Authors: Dhiman Manisha , Kaur Sandeep 
Published: December 2020

Cross-border trade with the help of RTAs works as the backbone for the growth of member nations.Â Â SAFTA'S intra-trade increased from 5.1 percent in 1995 and reached at 6.8 percent in 2014. It is too low as compared to European Union (EU) and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) (UNCTAD, 2015). In context ofÂ this, it has become important to study bilateral trade performanceÂ between India and Pakistan.
On the Macroeconomic Causes of Exchange Rate Volatility: The Case of Tunisia
Authors: Charef Fahima 
Published: December 2020

Abstract: The modeling of the dynamics of the exchange rate at a long time remains a financial and economic research center. In our research we tried to study the relationship between the evolution of exchange rates and macroeconomic fundamentals. Our empirical study is based on a series of exchange rates for the Tunisian dinar against three currencies of major trading partners (dollar, euro, yen) and fundamentals (the terms of trade, the inflation rate, the interest rate differential), of monthly data, from jan 2000 to dec-2014, for the case of Â Tunisia. We have adopted models of conditional heteroscedasticity (ARCH, GARCH, EGARCH, TGARCH). The results indicate that there is a partial relationship between the evolution of the Tunisian dinar exchange rates and macroeconomic variables.Keywords: exchange rate, fundamental macroeconomic variables, conditional heteroskedasticity models.
A Study on Consumer Outlook in Skin Care Segment in India
Authors: Venkataraman B 
Published: December 2020

The influencing factors that motivate the consumers show diverging trends. Consumers from the North are highly motivated by image followed by impressions. Consumers from the west are fully driven by appearance/personality as influencing factors. In the eastern region image followed by appearance dominate the influencing factors. In the South facial complexion is the moving motive.Consumers still prefer synthetic products in spite of market promotional activities launched for Natural/ Ayurveda products. Based on the primary survey, though certain consumers are keen to shift towards natural/ Ayurveda products, the perceived health benefits have to be quantified by the manufacturers to create demand for the segment Synthetic / Allopathic products dominate the preference for skin care products in the north and south zones. Preference for Ayurveda products was a dominant factor in the East.
Economics of Horticulture Crops in Jammu and Kashmir: A Case Study of apple fruit
Authors: Kutumbale Vishakha Shreesh , Eytoo Jawad Ul Haque 
Published: December 2020

Horticultural sector has assumed ever-increasing importance in Jammu and Kashmir economy. In this regard, the present study was carried out to evaluate the cost and benefits received by the different groups of farmers in the Kulgam and Shopian district of Kashmir valley. For this purpose, data from 180 apple growers was collected through a structured questionnaire. Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) and Cobb-Douglas production function was run to obtain results. The finding indicated that the average profit received by the producer Rs. 350,695.48 on the apple cultivation while in case of different farmers, medium and large size farm owners were major beneficiaries. Furthermore, the findings indicate that in case of medium size and large farm owners, law of increasing returns to scale was operating while in case of small growers law of decreasing returns was operational. The findings indicate that farm size is key factor in the production efficiency of apple orchards. The significance of the study is that it will help to understand technical efficiency and operational conditions prevalent in the apple orchards.
Keywords: ever-increasing, production function, increasing returns, decreasing returns, production efficiency, technical efficiency, operational condition.
Impact of Globalization and Liberalization on Indian Democratic Socialism
Authors: SHARMA SHIV KUMAR 
Published: December 2020

??? ???????????? ???? ??????????, ???????????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?[1] Maha Upanishad of Sam Veda tradition propounds that for noble persons who know the supreme truth, whole world is one family. Ancient Indians believed in sarve bhavantu sukhina or happiness of globe. When these Vedic principles are read with the eternal law of Dharma, concept of Vedic Bhumandalikaran (globalisation based on values of Veda) evolves. English philosopher Jeremy Bentham formulated, ‘greatest happiness of the greatest number’. Western 'primum non nocere' means first do no harm. John Stuart Mill stressed that power can be applied upon any member of society only to prevent harm. But LPGC- Liberalization, privatization and globalization when associate with corruption prepare the way for exploitation of some by others. Corruptocracy in the name of democracy and capitalism in the name of development have become tools of ‘minimum number of elites to swallow the share of maximum numbers’. In the contemporary materialistic and selfish world high ethical values are losing their significance. Accumulation of wealth not only for the use of oneself but for increasing red tapes has become ‘modern way of life’. This status improving property of wealth alarmingly proliferating outlawed traits among people of the world.

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[1] Mantra VI-72, Maha Upanishad of Sam Veda legacy
Integration and efficiency for local and regional equity markets during the global financial crisis
Authors: Sbai Lamia 
Published: December 2020

The aim of this paper is to study the link between the market integration and informational efficiency in the local and regional market, while taking into account the global financial crisis. In fact, we employ the methodological approach adopted by Hooy and Lim (2013). On a sample of 29 countries and 4 regions over the period between 1994 and 2016 divided into three phases: the pre- crisis period, 1994-2006, the crisis period, 2007-2009 and the post-crisis period, 2010-2016. Our results showed that the markets that are more integrated with the US market are also more efficient, which implies that this association is positive and significant in the sub-sample of local and regional emerging stock markets. On the other hand, this association lost its explanatory power during the crisis period as well as when the emerging stock markets is more volatile than their developed counterparts. The results also revealed that the political efforts being made for the market integration and informational efficiency should be complementary as the two policy goals are closely related
URBANIZATION AND MIGRATION IN ARUNACHAL PRADESH: AN INTROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Mandal Ram Krishna 
Published: December 2020

To understand the dynamics of urban growth, there is a fundamental and pertinent question about migration which holds a place of prominence in a geographical analysis of population change in an area. Migration is most fundamental to the understanding of continuously changing space content and space relationship of an area. Migrants tend to move from areas of lower economic opportunity to those of higher economic opportunity. Internal migration is a very important component in the population structure of Arunachal Pradesh. Migration has important economic consequences on employment and unemployment for both the emigrant and immigrant while emigration tends to reduce unemployment and immigrating tends to expand unemployment. The objective of the study is to find out the effects of migration on urbanization in Arunachal Pradesh. This study is an introspective type of research based on secondary data gathered from books, articles, websites, web-based journals, Census Reports, and government offices.
Human Resource Development Climate in Textiles Industries
Authors: Dhanabhakyam M. , Vijaysanthi K.R. 
Published: December 2020

HRD is vital to any organization, by which the management can make the workers to achieve the desired organizational goals.Â The main aim or need of the study to know HRD in Textile Industries.Â When an employee is made to develop his skill, the target will be achieved quickly.Â The study clearly portrays the human resource development in the company and where it needs to improve.Â The study has been made with the help of interview schedule including personal data with OCTAPAC (Openness, Confrontation, Trust, Autonomy, Proaction, Authenticity, Collaboration) culture, general climate HRD mechanisms.Â The recommendations have been given wherever the HRD needed improvement.Â
ICT Industry In India: A Swot Analysis
Authors: Manoj P. K. 
Published: December 2020

For an emerging economy like India, fast economic development is possible essentially by embracing ICT in a big way, as ICT alone can provide the requisite competitive edge that is essential for fast and sustained economic growth in a globalized environment. In its endeavor to become the â€˜global services hubâ€™, what India needs to attain is nothing but unmatched performance in respect of ICT, BPO and allied sectors. While, it appears that the policy initiatives so far have been in the right direction and so is the performance of this industry over the years, there is no scope for complacency as is evident from ever growing competition from other nations, especially the developing world. In this context, it is relevant to make an analysis of the trend in respect of the performance of Indian ICT industry over the last few years vis-Ã -vis the rest of the world, the latest developments and trends in the field. Such an analysis would reveal, inter alia, the problems and weaknesses of the industry, as well as its opportunities and threats.Â Accordingly, it helps us to formulate meaningful strategies that are helpful forÂ making the industry abreast of the changes. This paper is an effort in this direction.
Poverty In Post Independent Eritrea - Challenges And Implications
Authors: Rena Ravinder 
Published: December 2020

Poverty is one of the conspicuous features of the developing economies in Africa. It is more sever in Eritrea where the size of its economy is small, significant economic growth and transformation may take place if Eritrea exploits all opportunities for export of goods and services and is open to foreign investment and can curtail the rampant poverty. No economy can develop without the right mix of educated, experienced and skilled labor.Â Skill itself isnâ€™t adequate without the right attitude, hope and enthusiasm among the labor force. This indicates that there are other factors which affect poverty of a household in conjunction with education. There is a need for providing complementary factors along side with education so as to alleviate poverty. These results suggest labour market policies as potential instruments for tackling poverty in Eritrea. It is possible that because of the war situation and aging population most of those who are poor and unemployed may turn out to be non employable.Â Classification-JEL: Keywords:
The Glass Ceiling for Women: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Kumar Suchitra S 
Published: December 2020

The human capital approach to the gender disparity is not the only approach available. This paper compares and contrasts the two diverse approaches to understand the issues related to human capital formation in women. These approaches are the patriarchal approach and the human capital approach. The patriarchy approach highlights the role of social structures and power relationships in society, while the human capital approach highlights the importance of differential human capital endowments in explaining differences in labour market earnings. The two approaches are not mutually opposed, though they emphasize different channels that produce differences in labour market earnings.Â For example, lower earnings because of lower human capital investment in women as a result of social attitudes are entirely compatible with the human capital approach. How does one then distinguish the two approaches in an empirical study? This paper makes an attempt to do so. In this paper we attempt to analyse the labour market discrimination by controlling for variables such as gender, age, experience, number of children, and education in the regressions.
Social Work and Elderly: A Glimpse in India
Authors: Konnur Mallikarjun A. 
Published: December 2020

According to the 2001 Census of India, there is the pyamidic structure of population that means, there are more proportion of young people.Â However the projection for 2016 by way of demographic transition indicates larger number of elderly people.Â Approaching 80 million in number, India has the second largest population of elderly people after China.Â In India, research on examining the socio-economic dynamics of elderly well being is gradually gaining ground, but access to good data continues to be an obstacle. Conventionally, there are two processes considered to be involved in the ageing of a population, i.e., ageing at the base and ageing at the apex of the population. The former results from a decline in fertility, the latter, mortality reduction among the elderly. There are many types of elderly people, such as urban and rural, employed in organized and un-organized sectors and working in public and private sectors. The elderly men and women also constitute a separate group. The solutions to elderly problems in India require various types of arrangements.Â For example, the old age homes (for the destitute), Day Care Centres, Rehabilitation Centres, Ashramas or Vishranti Dhamas
A Study of Attitude of Student and Educators towards ICT
Authors: Thomas Bijoy K. 
Published: December 2020

Technology offers the opportunity to change the roles that teachers and students have traditionally played. With technology dispersing information, teachers are free to coach and facilitate students learning. With technology monitoring, students become active and effectively acquire new skills. Educational access to ICT tools, applications, networks and media worldwide has grown dramatically. Students use technology tools to enhance learning, increase productivity, and promote creativity. Students use productivity tools to collaborate in constructing technology-enhanced models, prepare publications, and produce other creative works. Overall attitude of Student Teachers and Teacher Educators was high but attitude is based on certain factors.Â Major factors were availability and access of Internet.Â Besides this awareness about the benefits of new communication technologies, access such as computers and connectivity, the language barriers in using Internet and motivation to use information available on the Internet are also considered as the factors affecting the usage of online education.Â
Millennium Development Goals and Infant Mortality in India: A Distant Dream or a Reality
Authors: Sahu Asima , Mohapatra Subhalaxmi 
Published: December 2020

ChildÂ mortality and more particularly infant mortality is often used as an indicator of the socioeconomic development of a country since children (infants), more than any other age-group of a population, depend heavily on the socioeconomic conditions of their environment for survival. Thus, the level of child mortality would present a measure of how well a society meets the needs of its people (Bicego and Ahmad, 1996). Looking into the history of the decline in mortality in India, it can be noted that in the country as a whole the level of infant mortality which was very high before 1951, fell substantially during the later half of the last century, although its level is still very high. As per the recent SRS estimates, the infant mortality rate (IMR) is 58 per 1000 live `births in 2005. It has also been a cause of concern that the pace of decline in infant mortality in the country has slowed during the last decade, particularly during its later half. Yet, there is surprisingly little evidence to suggest that planners and policy makers feel seriously concerned about this problem. In India, the programmes to reduce infant mortality had been guided by health professionals who were convinced that available low-cost technology was adequate to achieve the set goals.
Social and economic perspectives of student unrest
Authors: Channaveer R.M. 
Published: December 2020

Student unrest has been a grave phenomenon and syndrome to educational system in India and world as such.Â Time and again student organizations give call for agitations to protest their dissent which is either just or unjust, causing violence and civic disturbance.Â Social anomaly of Indian society and politicization of student folk has further made the educational institutions more vibrant and dynamic organizations. The recent outburst of upper strata to dissent the OBC reservation in the elite higher educational institutions and that of Gujjar community to claim ST status ended in violence towards self and society. Any protest if it is ideology-based is activism; if it fosters violence-ideology it is unrest. Phenomenon of this nature brings to fore challenging issues related to democratic system.Â Whether means justify end or else it is conviction that the democratic institutions and political leadership respond to violence ideology.Â Or else is it social insensitivity that the Indian society is prone, which indicates apathy to peaceful means that do not yield any just benefits.Â Any restive outburst all over the world involves youth force especially from the institutions of higher education. Emerging postmodernism with changing socio-cultural context in the wake of neo-liberalism is a great challenge to the higher education. Indian society in post-independence period is passing through varied transitions in every decade. Green revolution, white revolution, grey revolution and social movements have changed the face of Indian society from time to time.Â Technological innovations and social constructivism have strengthened the democratic fabric.Â However, the collectivism of violence ideology to bring drastic changes has endangered the Indian society. Therefore, sociologists, economists and social work scholars have harped upon this phenomenon and attempted to explain it from different perspectives. The paper attempted to scan the social science literature to organize the perspectives proposed by social science scholars in order to develop holistic understanding about the phenomenon.
What Does Gravity Model Reveal About SAFTA?
Authors: Verma Renu , Dubey Jaidev 
Published: December 2020

During last decade, the stalemate in multilateral trade negotiations under the framework of World Trade Organization (WTO) regime has provided impetus to the signing of regional trade agreements world over .South Asia is not an exception to this trend and has been involved in setting up its own bilateral and Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs). Most commonly cited cooperation agreements are Agreement on Trade and Commerce between India and Bhutan(1972), India-Nepal Bilateral Trade and Transit Treaties(1991), Indiaâ€“Sri Lanka Bilateral Free Trade Area(1998) Bangkok Agreement (1975),Â Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand Economic Cooperation (BIMST-EC-2004) and the Indian Ocean Rim Association of Regional Cooperation (IOR-ARC-1997). One ofÂ the most significant stepsÂ towards regional economic cooperation in the history of South Asian countries, was taken with signing of The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) formed in 1985 with the objective of exploiting â€œaccelerated economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the regionâ€ for the welfare of the peoples of South Asia. And then seven South Asian countriesâ€”Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lankaâ€”initiated a framework for region-wide integration under the South Asian Preferential Trade Agreement (SAPTA) in 1995. In order to further cement the regional economic relations and overcome some impediments of SAPTA, the South Asia Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) was signed in early 2004, which came into force on 1st July 2006. The SAFTA is a parallel initiative to the multilateral trade liberalization commitments of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) member countries. SAFTA aims to reduce tariffs for intraregional trade among the seven SAARC member countries. It has been agreed that for the South Asian countries, Pakistan and India will eliminate all tariffs by 2012, Sri Lanka by 2013 and Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives and Nepal by 2015. The current paper is an attempt in assessing the potential trade in the region with latest datasetÂ with Gravity model approach.