bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrieval of intrinsic mesospheric gravity wave parameters using lidar and airglow temperature and meteor radar wind data
Authors: Reichert Robert , Kaifler Bernd , Kaifler Natalie , Rapp Markus , Pautet Pierre-Dominique , Taylor Michael J. , Kozlovsky Alexander , Lester Mark , Kivi Rigel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract. We analyse gravity waves in the upper-mesosphere, lower-thermosphere region from high-resolution temperature variations measured by the Rayleigh lidar and OH temperature mapper.
From this combination of instruments, aided by meteor radar wind data, the full set of ground-relative and intrinsic gravity wave parameters are derived by means of the novel WAPITI (Wavelet Analysis and Phase line IdenTIfication) method.
This WAPITI tool decomposes the gravity wave field into its spectral component while preserving the temporal resolution,
allowing us to identify and study the evolution of gravity wave packets in the varying backgrounds.
We describe WAPITI and demonstrate its capabilities for the large-amplitude gravity wave event on 16–17 December 2015 observed at Sodankylä, Finland, during the GW-LCYCLE-II (Gravity Wave Life Cycle Experiment) field campaign.
We present horizontal and vertical wavelengths, phase velocities, propagation directions and intrinsic periods including uncertainties.
The results are discussed for three main spectral regions, representing small-, medium- and large-period gravity waves.
We observe a complex superposition of gravity waves at different scales, partly generated by gravity wave breaking,
evolving in accordance with a vertically and presumably also horizontally sheared wind.
Shifts in dimethylated sulfur concentrations and microbiome composition in the red-tide causing dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum during a simulated marine heatwave
Authors: Deschaseaux Elisabeth , O'Brien James , Siboni Nachshon , Petrou Katherina , Seymour Justin R. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The biogenic sulfur compounds dimethyl sulfide (DMS), dimethyl
sulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) are produced and
transformed by diverse populations of marine microorganisms and have
substantial physiological, ecological and biogeochemical importance spanning
organism to global scales. Understanding the production and transformation
dynamics of these compounds under shifting environmental conditions is
important for predicting their roles in a changing ocean. Here, we report
the physiological and biochemical response of a robust strain of
Alexandrium minutum, a dinoflagellate with the highest reported intracellular DMSP content,
exposed to a 6 d increase in temperature mimicking mild and extreme
coastal marine heatwave conditions (+4 and +12 ∘C). Under mild temperature increases (+4 ∘C), A. minutum growth was
enhanced, with no measurable physiological stress response. However, under a
very acute increase in temperature (+12 ∘C) triggering thermal
stress, A. minutum growth declined, photosynthetic efficiency (FV∕FM) was
impaired, and enhanced oxidative stress was observed. These physiological
responses indicative of thermal stress were accompanied by increased DMS and
DMSO concentrations followed by decreased DMSP concentration. At this
temperature extreme, we observed a cascading stress response in A. minutum, which was
initiated 6 h after the start of the experiment by a spike in DMS and DMSO
concentrations and a rapid decrease in FV∕FM. This was followed by
an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an abrupt decline in DMS
and DMSO on day 2 of the experiment. A subsequent decrease in DMSP coupled
with a decline in the growth rate of both A. minutum and its associated total
bacterial assemblage coincided with a shift in the composition of the A. minutum
microbiome. Specifically, an increase in the relative abundance of the operational taxonomic units (OTUs)
matching Oceanicaulis (17.0 %), Phycisphaeraceae SM1A02 (8.8 %) and Balneola (4.9 %) as well as a
decreased relative abundance of Maribacter (24.4 %), Marinoscillum (4.7 %) and Seohaeicola (2.7 %) were
primarily responsible for differences in microbiome structure observed
between temperature treatments. These shifts in microbiome structure are
likely to have been driven by either the temperature itself, the changing
physiological state of A. minutum cells, shifts in biogenic sulfur concentrations, the
presence of other solutes, or a combination of all. Nevertheless, we suggest
that these results point to the significant effect of extreme heatwaves on
the physiology, growth and microbiome composition of the red-tide causing
dinoflagellate A. minutum, as well as potential implications for biogenic sulfur cycling
processes and marine DMS emissions.
Hernández, Isabel. (ed.): ‘El retrato en la traducción literaria: heroínas decimonónicas’. Escolar y Mayo Editores: Madrid. 2016. Colección Babélica Pensamiento y Traducción. 318 pp.
Authors: Palacios León Fernando J. 
Published: November 2019

Hernández, Isabel. (ed.): ‘El retrato en la traducción literaria: heroínas decimonónicas’. Escolar y Mayo Editores: Madrid. 2016. Colección Babélica Pensamiento y Traducción. 318 pp.
Hernández, Isabel. (ed.): ‘El retrato en la traducción literaria: héroes decimonónicos’. Guillermo Escolar editor: Madrid. 2018. Colección Babélica Pensamiento y Traducción. 302 pp.
A Planning Proposal for Building Institutional Capacity of Community Development Centers from a Social Work Perspective
Authors: Qabandi Siham Ali Ahmed Al 
Published: November 2019

The present study aimed at identifying the reality of the institutional capacities available to the community development centers from a social work perspective: organizational capacities, human capacities, planning capabilities, funding capacities and information capabilities in light of their objectives, knowledge of the difficulties that limit the institutional capacities of the community development centers.
The results of the study showed that the reality of the institutional capacities available to the development centers came with a medium degree on the macro scale, and institutional capacity came in descending order. The study showed a number of difficulties and developed a planning proposal to build and support the institutional capacities of the community development centers in Kuwait.
Thermophysical properties of the parylene C dimer under vacuum
Authors: Yamada Monamie , Koshiba Yasuko , Horike Shohei , Fukushima Tatsuya , Ishida Kenji 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Herein, we report the thermophysical properties of dichloro-[2,2]-paracyclophane (the parylene C dimer) under vacuum. The parylene C dimer is the raw material used to prepare parylene C, a thin film known for its useful dielectric and barrier properties. In order to investigate the first step in the synthesis of parylene C by chemical vapor deposition, the sublimation, evaporation, and melting behavior of the parylene C dimer was examined by simultaneous thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis (TG–DTA) under vacuum and at atmospheric pressure. The evaporation onset temperatures, saturation vapor pressures, and the phase-transition temperatures of the parylene C dimer were quantified by TG–DTA at various pressures. The evaporation and sublimation temperature easily decreased by increasing the level of vacuum, while the melting temperature was independent of the external pressure. Our results led to the construction of a pressure–temperature phase diagram.
Isotherm Studies of the Biosorption of Pb (II) and Cu (II) Using Chicken Feather
Authors: Abdulwasiu Olawale Salaudeen , Wosilat Funke Abdulrahman , Haruna Dede Aliyu , Habeeb Abudukadiri 
Published: November 2019

This study was carried out to examine the adsorption isotherm (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin Radushkevich adsorption isotherm) of Pb(II) and Cu(II) in order to determine the maximum adsorption capacity of chicken feather, CF. Equilibrium sorption of Pb(II) and Cu(II) using homogeneously sized Chicken Feather (CF) was carried out and the physico-chemical properties of the feathers were determined. Results revealed that the maximum biosorption capacity of Pb(II) and Cu(II) by the chicken feather from Langmuir isotherm model were 79.36 and 61.92 mg/g respectively. Separation factor RL were 0.195 and 0.018 indicating a favourable adsorption process. Mean free energy (E) from Dubinin Radushkevich isotherm model were 1.291 and 0.102 KJ/mol for Pb(II) and Cu(II) respectively, indicating a physical adsorption process. Negative standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG) obtained indicated that the Pb(II) biosorption process was spontaneous and thermodynamically feasible.
Prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Its Rifampicin Resistance among Patients Attending General Hospital Mararaba as a Case Study
Authors: Ajide B. A. , Igbabul M. M. , Kanyi O. I. 
Published: November 2019

Aims: To determine the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its Rifampicin resistance among patients attending General Hospital, Mararaba.
Study Design: This was a descriptive health-based research that involved clinically suspected tuberculosis patients whose sputum samples were referred to General Hospital Mararaba for diagnosis.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of tuberculosis, General Hospital Mararaba Nasarawa state between May to July 2019.
Methodology: A total of 100 suspected TB patients of both male and female were included in the study. Two sputum samples from each patient were collected from these patients with sputum containers and samples were processed under level 3 biosafety cabinet by mixing with the reagent that was provided with the assay following manufacturer’s manual and thereafter, the cartridge containing this mixture was placed in the Gene Xpert machine. The processing of the sample is fully automated and takes less than two hours.
Results: An overall prevalence of 21.5% was recorded for Mycobacterium tuberculosis with a rifampicin resistance rate of 65.11% among positive patients. The highest prevalence of infection was observed among the age group of above 40 years (40.0%), males (23.9%), self-employed people (25.6%), those living in a rural environment (31.8%) and those with informal education (35.7%). There was no statistically significant relationship between the prevalence of MTB to sex, marital status, education, employment and ethnicity (P>0.05). Environment factor was however significant (p<0.05). Highest frequency for rifampicin resistance was recorded in the age group 20-29(39.2%), (64.28%) in males, rural areas (57.14%), self-employed persons (57.14%) and single people (50.0%). Age about rifampicin resistance was significant (p<0.05) while sex, occupation, environment and rural areas were not significant (p>0.05).
Conclusion: It was concluded that Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its Rif-resistance amongst patients attending General Hospital, Mararaba is comparatively high and indicative of the rate at which tuberculosis and drug resistance is still resilient despite various methods put in place to control it.
THE HYPERELLIPTIC MAPPING CLASS GROUP OF KLEIN SURFACES
Authors: Bujalance E. , Costa A. F. , Gamboa J. M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn this paper we study the algebraic structure of the hyperelliptic mapping class group of Klein surfaces, which is closely related to the mapping class group of punctured discs. This group plays an important role in the study of the moduli space of hyperelliptic real algebraic curves. Our main result provides a presentation by generators and relations for the hyperelliptic mapping class group of surfaces of prescribed topological type.AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 14H10; 20H10; 30F50
A study of the plant, fibre and seed development in
flax and linseed (Linum usitatissimum) grown at a
range of seed rates
Authors: EASSON D. L. , MOLLOY R. M. 
Published: July 2002

A comparison of the fibre and seed development in fibre flax and linseed types of Linum usitatissimum
(L.) was carried out in replicated field plot experiments in 1993, 1994 and 1996 in Northern Ireland.
Flax cultivar Ariane, and linseed cultivars Barbara (1993 and 1996) and Flanders (1994) were each
grown at seed rates of 500, 1000 and 1500 seeds/m2 and sampled at 7-day intervals from the start of
flowering until harvest. The number of buds, flowers and capsules per plant were counted and straw
height and total, seed, straw, total fibre, long fibre and short fibre dry matter ( DM) yields determined
for each sample date. Fibre yields were determined after water retting the straw for 7 days at 20°C
and extracting the fibre by scutching and hackling.The emergence dates were similar in all years, but site and season interactions resulted in later
flower and capsule development in 1993. Although the total biomass of flax and linseed were similar
at the start of flowering, flax maintained a more rapid straw growth rate and linseed a more rapid
seed growth rate giving final fibre yields that were 1300 kg/ha higher in flax than linseed and seed
yields that were 800 kg/ha greater in linseed than flax. The proportion of fibre in the straw was higher
in flax than linseed and the proportion of long fibre within the total fibre fraction was also greater.
Final seed yields were highest in 1993, and fibre yields from flax were higher in 1994 than in the other
years. Seed rate had no effect on seed yield in either flax or linseed but at the lowest seed rate, which
gave plant counts of about 400 plants/m2
, the total fibre yield was significantly reduced compared
with the higher seed rates with plant counts of about 1200 plants/m2
. It is concluded that decreasing
fibre flax seed rates from 1500 to 500 seeds/m2
will reduce potential fibre yields by 25% but have little
effect on seed yield, whilst increasing linseed seed rates from 500 to 1500 seeds/m2 would only result
in marginal increases in the potential yield of fibre.
Numerical study of internal wave–wave interactions in a stratified fluid
Authors: JAVAM A. , IMBERGER J. , ARMFIELD S. W. 
Published: July 2002

A finite volume method is used to study the generation, propagation and interaction
of internal waves in a linearly stratified fluid. The internal waves were generated using
single and multiple momentum sources. The full unsteady equations of motion were
solved using a SIMPLE scheme on a non-staggered grid. An open boundary, based
on the Sommerfield radiation condition, allowed waves to propagate through the
computational boundaries with minimum reflection and distortion. For the case of a
single momentum source, the effects of viscosity and nonlinearity on the generation
and propagation of internal waves were investigated.Internal wave–wave interactions between two wave rays were studied using two
momentum sources. The rays generated travelled out from the sources and intersected
in interaction regions where nonlinear interactions caused the waves to break. When
two rays had identical properties but opposite horizontal phase velocities (symmetric
interaction), the interactions were not described by a triad interaction mechanism.
Instead, energy was transferred to smaller wavelengths and, a few periods later, to
standing evanescent modes in multiples of the primary frequency (greater than the
ambient buoyancy frequencies) in the interaction region. The accumulation of the
energy caused by these trapped modes within the interaction region resulted in the
overturning of the density field. When the two rays had different properties (apart
from the multiples of the forcing frequencies) the divisions of the forcing frequencies
as well as the combination of the different frequencies were observed within the
interaction region.The model was validated by comparing the results with those from experimental
studies. Further, the energy balance was conserved and the dissipation of energy was
shown to be related to the degree of nonlinear interaction.
Direct numerical simulation of turbulence–mean
field interactions in a stably stratified fluid
Authors: GALMICHE M. , THUAL O. , BONNETON P. 
Published: July 2002

Freely decaying turbulent flows in a stably stratified fluid are simulated with a
pseudo-spectral numerical code solving the fully nonlinear Navier–Stokes equations
under the Boussinesq approximation with periodic boundary conditions. The flow
is decomposed into a turbulent field and a horizontal mean flow ū(z, t) defined as
the average of the horizontal velocity component in a horizontal plane at height z
and time t. Similarly, the density field is decomposed into a turbulent field and a
(stable) mean density profile ρ(z, t) defined as the average of the density field in a
horizontal plane at height z and time t. Attention is paid to the effect of the turbulent
velocity field on an initial z-periodic horizontal mean flow (Simulation A) or an initial
z-periodic perturbation of the mean density profile (Simulation B). Both A and B are
performed under conditions of moderate and strong stratification and are compared
to the non-stratified simulations.Simulation A shows that the turbulence–mean flow interaction is strongly affected
by the buoyancy forces. In the absence of a stratification, the mean flow perturbation
decays rapidly due to the turbulent diffusion of momentum. When a moderate
stratification is applied, the mean flow perturbation decays much more slowly whereas
it oscillates and grows with time when the stratification is strong. These results are
interpreted by defining a time-dependent eddy viscosity. Whereas the eddy viscosity
coefficient has positive values in the non-stratified simulation, it is affected by the
buoyancy forces and decreases after a period of order N−1. For large times, the eddy diffusivity
oscillates and its time-averaged value over a few turnover timescales is positive but
small when the stratification is moderate, and roughly zero when the stratification is
strong. These results are
interpreted by defining a time-dependent eddy viscosity. Whereas the eddy viscosity
coefficient has positive values in the non-stratified simulation, it is affected by the
buoyancy forces and decreases after a period of order N−1 in the stratified simulations
(where N is the Brunt–Väisälä frequency associated with the background linear
stratification). At large time, we find that the eddy viscosity remains roughly zero
when the stratification is moderate, whereas it oscillates but remains persistently
negative in the strongly stratified case, which causes the horizontal mean flow to
accelerate.We conclude that the presence of a stable stratification strongly affects the temporal
behaviour of the mean quantities ū and ρ in turbulent flows and partly explains the
formation of horizontal layers in stratified geofluids such as oceans and atmospheres.
Geographical differences in growth rates of Arctica islandica (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the North Sea and adjacent waters
Authors: Witbaard R. , Duineveld G.C.A. , de Wilde P.A.W.J. 
Published: July 2002

Geographical differences in the shell growth rate of several populations of the bivalve Arctica islandica (Mollusca: Bivalvia) were estimated by using the growth lines laid down during their first ten years of life. Attention was focused on populations from the North Sea, but for comparison small samples from adjacent waters were also analysed. A four-fold difference in the average growth rate was found between the slowest and fastest growing shells.Principal component analysis was used to summarize the inter-relationships between environmental variables and growth rates. Shell growth correlated positively with primary production and temperature and inversely with depth and the silt content of the sediment. The North Sea specimens were found to have a strong positive correlation with grain size. Since sediment characteristics also depend on bottom currents, it is suggested that these increased rates reflect lateral seston flux as additional food supply.In a multiple regression model, applied to all available data, average annual temperature, primary production and the interaction between production and water depth explained 50% of the variance. The derived standard coefficients for temperature, primary production and the interaction between depth and primary production were 0.90, 0.47 and −0.92 respectively. The results of this study suggest that the temperature effects on in situ shell growth are easily overruled by other environmental factors.If a similar model was calculated with North Sea data only, 75% of the variance was explained by temperature, primary production and depth×primary production. The standard coefficient for primary production was 1.26. The role of temperature in explaining the observed growth differences is negligible since the standard coefficient is −0.098. The interaction term, depth×primary production had a standard coefficient of −0.95.
A date to remember: the nature of memory in savant
calendrical calculators
Authors: HEAVEY L. , PRING L. , HERMELIN B. 
Published: July 2002

Background. Savant calendar calculators can supply with
speed the day of the week of a given date.
Although memory is suggested to be an important component of this unusual
ability, memory
function has never been systematically investigated in these skilled yet
learning impaired individuals.Methods. Eight savant calendrical calculators, most of whom
had autism, were compared with eight
verbal IQ, age and diagnosis matched controls on digit and word span tests
and measures of long-term
memory for words and calendrical information (individual years). In an
analogue to the
‘generation effect’, the savants' memory for dates was
also compared following calculation and
study/read tasks.Results. The savants did not differ from controls on measures
of general short- and long-term
memory. They did, however, show a clear recall superiority for the long-term
retention of
calendrical material. They also remembered calculated dates better than
those that were only
studied.Conclusions. A general mnemonic advantage cannot explain savant
date calculation skills. Rather,
through exposure to date information, the savants are suggested to develop
a structured calendar-related
knowledge base with the process of calculation utilizing the interrelations
within this
knowledge store. The cognitive processing style characteristic of autism
may also play a role in the
acquisition of this savant ability.
Adjacent genetic markers on chromosome 11p15.5 at or near the
tyrosine hydroxylase locus that show population linkage
disequilibrium with each other do not show allelic association with
bipolar affective disorder
Authors: McQUILLIN A. , LAWRENCE J. , CURTIS D. , KALSI G. , SMYTH C. , HANNESDOTTIR S. , GURLING H. 
Published: July 2002

Background. Linkage and association studies have suggested genetic susceptibility to bipolar
affective disorder in a region of chromosome 11 around the tyrosine hydroxylase locus. We
attempted to test the hypothesis that there was allelic association between polymorphisms around
the tyrosine hydroxylase locus and bipolar affective disorder.Methods. A case–control association study was employed using four polymorphic markers, which
span a region of approximately 2 cM across the tyrosine hydroxylase locus.Results. No evidence for allelic association between bipolar affective disorder and any of these
markers was found. However, linkage disequilibrium between the markers was detected.Conclusions. This finding diminishes the probability that genes in this region influence susceptibility
to bipolar affective disorder, at least in our sample.
The “problem” of dreaming in NREM sleep continues to challenge reductionist (two generator) models of dream generation
Authors: Kahan Tracey L. 
Published: July 2002

The “problem” of dreaming in NREM sleep continues to challenge models that propose a causal relationship between REM mechanisms and the psychological features of dreaming. I suggest that, ultimately, efforts to identify correspondences among multiple levels of analysis will be more productive for dream theory than attempts to reduce dreaming to any one level of analysis.[Hobson et al. ; Nielsen]