bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wheat blast: a new threat to food security
Authors: Islam M. Tofazzal , Gupta Dipali Rani , Hossain Akbar , Roy Krishna K. , He Xinyao , Kabir Muhammad R. , Singh Pawan K. , Khan Md. Arifur Rahman , Rahman Mahfuzur , Wang Guo-Liang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWheat blast, caused by the Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum (MoT) lineage (synonym Pyricularia oryzae Triticum lineage), is a destructive disease in South America and Bangladesh. It is primarily a disease of wheat head, which can cause yield loss up to 100% under favorable disease conditions. The head infection results in complete or partial bleaching of the spike above the point of infection with either no grain or shriveled grain with low test weight. Due to low fungicide efficacy against the disease and lack of availability of resistant varieties, an integrated management program should be adopted to control this serious wheat disease. First of all, a convenient and specific diagnostic tool is needed for evaluating seed health and early detection in wheat field to initiate timely mitigation measures and thereby decreasing pathogen initial inoculum and dispersal. Second, we should have a better understanding of the epidemiology of the disease and develop a real-time disease monitoring and surveillance system to alert growers to apply management practices at an optimum time. Third, we need a better understanding of the infection biology of the fungus and its interaction with wheat plants at the tissue and molecular levels helpful for improving disease management. Fourth, breeding for resistance to wheat blast can be accelerated by using resistance genes such as 2NS translocation, Rmg8 and RmgGR119 or advanced genomic technology such as CRISPR-Cas. Fifth, integration of alternative disease management practices, such as biological control using antagonistic microorganisms or derivatives thereof to achieve sustainable approach for the management of wheat blast. Finally, a globally concerted effort is needed using open science and open data sharing approaches to prevent this seed- and air-borne plant disease’s widespread devastation of wheat crop. This comprehensive review updates our knowledge on wheat blast disease and discusses the approaches for its sustainable management for ensuring food and nutritional security of the ever-increasing global population.
Will organic sake intoxicate consumers? Procurements of rice as bottlenecks and comparative procurement strategies by four brewers in Japan
Authors: Miyake Yoshitaka , Kohsaka Ryo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study reviews the status of current organic sake and procurement strategies of organic rice by four brewers in Japan. Despite overall declining trends in shrinking domestic markets, sake categorized in the premium segment has been increasing in trading volumes and indicated resilience in prices.This study first reviewed and analyzed the overall status of sake, trends in premium segment, and challenges for organic sake. Unlike wine, organic sake occupies a minor position in the segment. This was followed by the comparative analysis of procurement strategies of organic rice for four sake breweries in Japan. The strategies were contrasting; three breweries indicated strong “local” bonding while one procured organic rice outside of the region, resulting in different product strategies. At its initiation, all four breweries showed the interests in local agriculture and gained rice locally. Then, availability and affordable price became a bottleneck. Implications of these challenges are further analyzed from exporting perspectives as well.
Identification of serum biomarker panel to differentiate malignant from benign thyroid nodules using multiplex bead assay
Authors: Ramadan Ragaa Abdelkader , Ragab Wafaa , Assaad Ramy Samir , Shaaban Ahmed Elsayed , Fayad Amira Ibrahim 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe challenging target in the workup of thyroid nodule(s) is to exclude or diagnose thyroid cancer efficiently prior to surgical intervention. The present work studied a panel of eight serum biomarkers to differentiate benign from malignant thyroid nodules, aiming at reducing unnecessary thyroidectomy performed for inconclusive preoperative fine needle aspiration cytology.Serum interleukin-5 (IL-5), interleukin-8 (IL-8), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), angiopietin (Ang1), nonokine induced by interferon gamma (MIG), galectin (Gal-3), and vitamin D-binding protein (VDRP) were quantified by multiplex bead assay using Luminex xMAP technology. The study was conducted on 60 subjects of three groups (20 each; healthy controls, benign thyroid nodule, and malignant thyroid nodule).ResultsSignificant increase of the following biomarkers in the malignant group compared to the benign group was found; IL-8: 29.7 vs 8.75 pg/ml,p< 0.001, EGF: 128.7 vs 6.72 pg/ml,p< 0.001, HGF: 173.2 vs 112.2 pg/ml,p= 0.012, MIG: 776.7 vs 438 pg/ml,p= 0.023, and Ang-1: 95016 vs 33327.5 pg/ml,p= 0.014. No significant differences were detected for IL-5, Gal-3, and VDBP. Serum IL-8 and EGF showed the highest diagnostic performance individually with area under the curve (AUC) 0.849 and 0.848, respectively. The combined biomarker panels of IL-8 and EGF and IL-8, EGF, and MIG have reached a sensitivity and specificity of 95% and 65%, respectively, with a negative predictive value of 92.9%.ConclusionsSerum IL-8 and EGF individually or the combined biomarker panel of IL-8, EGF, and MIG are promising tests that can help to exclude malignancy in thyroid nodule workup.
Novel approaches for determination of antiretroviral reverse transcriptase inhibitor agent in commercial dosage forms by using spectrofluorimetric, first derivative spectrophotometric, and HPLC methods
Authors: Tiris Gizem , Çiloğlu Emine , Erk Nevin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Rapid, simple, and sensitive spectrofluorimetric, first derivative spectrophotometric, and high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods have been developed and validated for determination of tenofovir in pharmaceutical preparations. Spectrofluorimetric method is based on measuring the native fluorescence intensity of tenofovir at 375.0 nm after excitation at 275.0 nm. Calibration graphics were plotted and were found linear over 4.72–15.75 μg/mL concentration range (r2 = 0.9994). The second method developed was the first derivative spectrophotometric method for the analysis of tenofovir performed by measuring the amplitude at 251.7 and 272.6 nm. Linearity was observed in the concentration range 10.0–28.0 μg/mL (r2 = 0.9998). On the other hand, HPLC with a diode array detector (DAD). Ritonavir was used as internal standard (IS). HPLC analysis was carried out on a C18 column (Wakosil-II 5 C18 AR, 4.6 × 250 mm) using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile: 0.5% formic acid (99.5:0.5; v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Injection volume was 5.0 μL. DAD signals at 260.0 nm were used. HPLC method was found to be linear over the concentration range of 10.0–100.0 μg/mL (r2 = 0.9990).

Result
Intra- and inter-day analysis and recovery studies were carried out to investigate precision and accuracy of the proposed spectrofluorimetric, first derivative spectrophotometry and HPLC methods.

Conclusion
We successfully applied the developed methods for determination of tenofovir in tablet formulation. Finally, the proposed methods were compared statistically.
Determinants of survival of the bovine blastocyst to cryopreservation stress: treatment with colony stimulating factor 2 during the morula-to-blastocyst transition and embryo sex
Authors: Sosa Froylan , Block Jeremy , Xiao Yao , Hansen Peter J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2) is an important maternal regulator of embryonic development. Earlier research indicates that CSF2 can regulate genes involved in cellular stress responses and block apoptosis. Here, we tested whether addition of 10 ng/mL CSF2 at day 5 of development would increase the survival of blastocysts harvested at day 7 and subjected to vitrification. Additional objectives were to determine whether embryo sex affected survival or whether effects of CSF2 interacted with sex.

Results
Survival after vitrification was measured as the percent of warmed blastocysts that re-established a blastocoele after culture and that underwent hatching from the zona pellucida. In the first experiment, blastocysts were vitrified, warmed, cultured for 24 h, and DNA embryo sexing performed by PCR. There was no effect of CSF2, sex, or the interaction on the percent of blastocysts that re-expanded or that were hatching or hatched. In the second experiment, vitrified blastocysts were warmed and cultured for 24, 48, and 72 h. Treatment with CSF2 increased (P = 0.021) the percent of blastocysts that re-expanded as compared to the vehicle group (overall, 77.8 ± 4.7% vs 73.3 ± 4.7%). Percent re-expansion was highest at 24 h and declined slightly thereafter (P = 0.024). Although the interaction was not significant, the effect of CSF2 was greater at 48 and 72 h than at 24 h because CSF2 reduced the incidence of embryos collapsing after re-expansion. Furthermore, the proportion of re-expanded blastocysts at 24 h that experienced blastocoel collapse by 72 h was lower (P = 0.053) for CSF2 (3.6%; 7/195) than for vehicle (8.2%; 16/195). The percent of warmed blastocysts that were hatching or hatched increased with time (P < 0.0001) but there was no effect of CSF2 or the interaction with time on hatching.

Conclusion
Treatment with CSF2 from day 5 to 7 of development did not cause a significant effect on the percent of blastocysts that re-established the blastocoele after 24 h of culture but CSF2 reduced the collapse of the blastocoele that occurred for a portion of the embryos that had experienced re-expansion at 24 h. Thus, CSF2 can provide protection to a proportion of blastocysts from cryodamage caused by vitrification. Further work is needed to evaluate whether CSF2 increases survival of vitrified blastocysts after embryo transfer.
Mental and behavioural disorders and COVID-19-associated death in older people
Authors: Boland Billy , Gale Tim 
Published: September 2020

Summary
Health factors such as diabetes, severe obesity and chronic kidney disease are all associated with a more severe outcome following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. However, there has been little exploration into the impact of mental and behavioural disorders on outcomes associated with COVID-19. We investigated outcomes for older people who used mental health services. Those who had a COVID-19-associated death had previously rated worse across a range of health and social problems, including mental health related problems. Our findings evidence the need to urgently explore whether mental and behavioural disorders should also be considered a health risk factor for a more severe outcome from COVID-19 infection in older people.
Wigner's friend, Feynman's paths and material records
Authors: Matzkin A. , Sokolovski D. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The place and role of an Observer in quantum mechanics has been a subject of an ongoing debate since the theory's inception. Wigner brought this question to the fore in a celebrated scenario in which a super-Observer observes a Friend making a measurement. Here we briefly review why this “Wigner Friend scenario” has been taken to require the introduction of the Observer's consciousness, or alternatively to show the inconsistency of quantum measurement theory. We will argue that quantum theory can consistently leave observers outside its narrative, by making only minimal assumptions about how the information about the observed results is stored in material records.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Kerjasama dan Keberanian Melalui Kegiatan Outbound di RA DWP UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
Authors: Latif Muhammad Abdul , 'Aziz Hafidh 
Published: September 2020

This study aims to improve the ability of cooperation and courage of children through outbound activities in the A1 RA DWP group UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta with 16 children, using classroom Kemmis and Mc Taggart model of action research with three cycles covering four stages, namely: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The results showed the ability of cooperation and courage of children had increased, (1) the ability of children cooperation before the action was 6.25%, in the first cycle it increased to 68.75%. In the second cycle increased by 6.25% to 75%. In the third cycle increased by 18.75% to 93.75%. (2) Child's courage ability before the action is 0%. In the first cycle it increased by 12.5%. In the second cycle, it increased by 62.5% to 75%, and in the third cycle it increased by 18.75% to 93.75%. (3) Implementation of outbound activities is able to improve the ability of cooperation and courage of children.
Mechanical Response of PbSSe, PbSTe Ternary and PbSnSTe Quaternary Alloys at High Pressure
Authors: Othman Mazin Sh. 
Published: September 2020

Property of the semiconductors under high pressure is investigated by the density functional theory and paralleled to the foretelling of the linear elasticity theory. In addition, ternary alloys of PbSxSe1-x and PbSxTe1-x lattice matching PbS substrate for x = 0.5 compositions are studied. Furthermore, quaternary alloys PbxSn1-xSyTe1-y lattice matching PbS substrate for x and y = 0.5 compositions are studied. The six independent elastic parameters (Cij) are also calculated. Meanwhile, the results data are analyzed in high pressure. The mechanical response of all alloys to pressures 0, 50, and 100 kbar increases progress to decrease in (Cij) in separate rates. The rapprochement between the calculated results and the available published data for these alloys demonstrate that they had worthy accordance at zero pressure and the results at high pressure may be required as an acceptable reference.
Sleep Architecture in Mice Is Shaped by the Transcription Factor AP-2β
Authors: Nakai Ayaka , Fujiyama Tomoyuki , Nagata Nanae , Kashiwagi Mitsuaki , Ikkyu Aya , Takagi Marina , Tatsuzawa Chika , Tanaka Kaeko , Kakizaki Miyo , Kanuka Mika , Kawano Taizo , Mizuno Seiya , Sugiyama Fumihiro , Takahashi Satoru , Funato Hiromasa , Sakurai Takeshi , Yanagisawa Masashi , Hayashi Yu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Humans families carrying mutations in transcription factor AP-2β (TFAP2B) self-reported sleep abnormalities. Notably, AP-2 transcription factors play essential roles in invertebrate sleep, implicating a conserved role across the animal phyla. Nakai et al. generated two .....
Performance audit analysis done by the national audit office of Lithuania
Authors: Stankevič Evelina 
Published: September 2020

Performance audit is identified as one of the relatively newly developed type of audit, in which the reactivation of research was observed only in the twentieth century. The need to analyse and develop a new type of audit is associated with the changes occurred and on-going in business and public administration, and also with other factors such as social, political, economic, technological changes and other.
Evaluation and improvement of entities becomes more and more important and substantial in accordance with the development of a new approach in public sector, public administration and asset management. The definition and implementation of the new public management paradigm has influenced this process as well. In light of new circumstances the importance of evaluation performance audit is growing rapidly.
This paper briefly summarizes and evaluates the theoretical basis of the performance audit, the reasons for the performance audit examination, importance of improvement and adaptation of analysis.
Particular attention was given to performance audit analysis which was done by the National Audit Office of Lithuania. The purpose of the paper is to examine performance reports published by the National Audit Office of Lithuania and statistic data for 2010-2012. Survey was conducted in accordance with the composition of performance audits operational process of auditing and the performance audits timeframe trend.
The study revealed that in 2010 year was performed 41 percent of all conducted performance audits in 2010-2012 year, while in 2011 and 2012 – 29,5 percent. It was also found that over 54 percent of performance audits were conducted with pre-and main studies. Mainly performance audit conducted with pre-and main studies were in 2012 year and reached 68,2 percent from all conducted performance audits that year. The lowest rate was in 2010 year and it reached 46,7 percent from all conducted performance audits. Analysis of the performance audits conducted with pre-and main stages according to duration of each stage showed that time off each stage fulfilment has grown during the period of 2010-2012. Analysis of pre-stage period showed that it has increased by 8,3 percent from 2010 to 2012, without consideration of the reporting time. The reporting time after a preliminary investigation grew by 14,3 percent, main study fulfilment period increased by 26,8 percent, and reporting time after the main study – 2,6 percent.
The final thesis – learning outcome of professional bachelor
Authors: Jukonienė Birutė , Gudaitienė Ona , Sinevičienė Melanija 
Published: September 2020

The article examines the procedure and issues of preparation, defence and assessment of graduation papers of students majoring in accounting at the Faculty of Economy of Vilnius College. A graduation paper – a generalization of all study results on which basis the author is awarded a professional bachelor’s degree – is the most important form of student’s independent work that discloses his/her preparedness for work. While preparing and defending a graduation paper, graduates have a possibility to demonstrate the knowledge acquired as well as practical skills. The graduation paper analyses theoretical and practical aspects of the formation and implementation of an accounting policy in a business company; provides conclusions and suggestions for future perspectives. After examining and analysing the preparation and assessment of graduate papers in the accounting study programme at the Faculty of Economics of Vilnius College, it may be claimed that the most popular topics of graduation papers in 2013 were as follows: preparation of a set of financial statements and analysis of indicators; accounting and analysis of fixed tangible assets; accounting and analysis of income.
The defence of graduation papers is a public procedure and takes place in a sitting-meeting of a Qualifying Commission appointed by order of the Director of Vilnius College and is assessed in conformity with the procedure laid down in the methodological instructions for study works. Reviewers and the Qualifying Commission evaluated the majority of graduation papers as “excellent” and “good”. In terms of the competences achieved it may be claimed that 92 percent of all the graduation papers were evaluated at the highest (9-10 points) and average (7-8 points) level.
POTENTIAL OF BUTON FOREST ONION Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb. EXTRACT AS A PREBIOTIC AND AN ANTIOXIDANT
Authors: Munaeni Waode , Widanarni Widanarni , Yuhana Munti , Setiawati Mia , Wahyudi Aris tri 
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study was to analyze the potential of Buton forest onion extract (BFOE) Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb. as a prebiotic and an antioxidant. Buton forest onion was extracted using 96% ethanol by maceration method. The prebiotic content of BFOE was determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The ability of BFOE as a prebiotic was analyzed the growth of Pseudoalteromonas piscicida 1Ub and Bacillus sp. NP5.and its resistance to artificial gastric acid and α-amylase. Antioxidant activities were determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhidrazyl (DPPH). Results indicate that the content of the oligosaccharides of BFOE including inulins, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), galactooligosaccharides (GOS), and raffinoses was 2.1%, 10%, 1% and 7.5%, respectively. The mixed oligosaccharides were found capable to stimulate the growth of P. piscicida 1Ub and Bacillus sp. NP5. The optimum BFOE concentration to stimulate the growth of probiotics was 1.25 mg/mL (0.17 ± 0.02 and 0.21 ± 0.00). The mixed oligosaccharides were also resistant to hydrolysis of artificial gastrice acid and α-amylase, with maximum hydrolysis percentages of 8.25 ± 0.25% and 27.52 ± 1.68%, respectively. The BFOE was capable to DPPH radical scavenge with IC50 of 1.48 µg/mL. The BFOE of this study has the potential to be a prebiotic and an antioxidant.
El discurso capitalista, Un mundo feliz y Gran hermano
Authors: Cardona Quitián Herwin Eduardo 
Published: September 2020

En 1972 durante una conferencia en Milán, Lacan introduce su formulación sobre el discurso capitalista. Según plantea, el discurso capitalista es el sustituto del discurso del amo, condenado a estallar. A partir de las novelas 1984 de George Orwell y Un mundo feliz de Aldous Huxley, se pretende explicar en qué sentido el discurso capitalista sustituye y articula el discurso del amo. 1984 ilustra la dominación del Gran Otro bajo la lógica del Gran hermano. Un mundo feliz permite comprender la relación entre tecnociencia y programación cuyo resultado es la seducción como forma de control.
Atravesando el fantasma del velo político de la política
Authors: Gallo Acosta Jairo 
Published: September 2020

Este trabajo quiere mostrar que en la política tras un lapsus no hay ningún error, y que este lapsus tampoco obedece al orden freudiano de la psicopatología de la vida cotidiana. El decir repetitivo de la política en forma de lapsus no es más que una verdad que se quiere velar. Así funciona la política en la actualidad: no se oculta la verdad tras un velo, sino que ella misma actúa como velo de la verdad. Cuando en la política se anuncia un error en forma de lapsus, se siembra una duda y se vela una verdad. Detrás del equívoco de un decir en la política no hay un significado oculto, no hay lapsus, no hay error. Lo que emerge es una verdad que no se admite abiertamente, y su forma de velo es la única manera en que la política es aceptada por muchos: velando desde una ilusión fantasmática lo insoportable de lo político.
Del síntoma al sinthome sin-toma del poder. Una aproximación a la dimensión subjetiva de los Acuerdos de Paz
Authors: Buriticá Trujillo Fabio 
Published: September 2020

A partir de las consideraciones semióticas sobre el síntoma y del abordaje psicoanalítico del mismo, se aborda la concepción lacaniana sobre el sinthome, asumiéndolo como el cuarto término que completaría, en un cuadrado semiótico, los registros de lo simbólico, lo imaginario y lo real, gracias a la operación de denegación de la imposibilidad y de la contingencia, por parte del sujeto de la enunciación. Articulando los anteriores planteamientos con la perspectiva discursiva de Laclau y Mouffe, y con las articulaciones semióticas sobre el antagonismo de Fontanille, asumimos los Acuerdos de Paz, logrados entre antagonistas, como expresiones del sinthome social, configurados por estos en el proceso mismo de negociación.
Posiciones de las psicosis en lo social: efectos subversivos y efectos calculados en los discursos establecidos
Authors: De Battista Julieta , Campodónico Nicolás , Kopelovich Mercedes 
Published: September 2020

En el artículo se presentan resultados preliminares de la investigación “Posición de las psicosis en lo social: síntomas, discursos, lazos”, acreditada y financiada por la Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Se parte del problema de la eficacia social de ciertas producciones de sujetos psicóticos y se trabaja la pregunta acerca de cómo estas posiciones fuera de discurso pueden impactar transformadoramente en los discursos establecidos. Se presentan aspectos de dos casos construidos a partir de material autobiográfico: Hitler y Joyce. Se concluye que es relevante hacer una diferencia entre los efectos calculados y los efectos subversivos en los discursos. En ambos es necesario pensar el papel que juega el deseo con respecto a los lazos, a los discursos y al sinthome.