bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Correlates of Maternal Early Stimulation Behaviors during Pregnancy in Northern Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Mackness Jessica , Gallis John A , Owusu Raymond Kofi , Ali Mohammed , Abubakr-Bibilazu Safiyatu , Adam Haliq , Aborigo Raymond , Awoonor-Williams John Koku , Lillie Margaret , McEwan Elena , Hembling John , Vasudevan Lavanya , Baumgartner Joy Noel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Per UNICEF’s Nurturing Care Framework, early childhood development (ECD) begins during pregnancy and many lower-resource settings need data to inform their programs for optimal child development. The maternal-fetal relationship can be partly examined via a series of bonding activities called early stimulation behaviors (ESB). This study describes early stimulation behaviors and the associated correlates among pregnant women in Ghana. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from a cluster-randomized trial in two districts of Northern Ghana. A total of 374 pregnant women were enrolled at baseline and administered a pre-intervention survey. Communication-related early stimulation behaviors was the primary outcome which was evaluated using three maternal-fetal bonding activities; did the woman self-report touching and/or talking, singing, and/or talking about family to her belly. A generalized estimating equation modified Poisson model was used for the bivariate and multivariable analysis.Results: About half of the participants reported performing communication-related ESB during pregnancy frequently or sometimes. Bivariate analysis revealed that negative life experiences including higher rates of emotional, physical and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) and having moderate to severe depressive symptoms were associated with women performing early stimulation behaviors more often. In the multivariable model, physical intimate partner violence remained significantly associated with early stimulation behaviors. Conclusion: Research on early stimulation behaviors is still in a nascent phase. It is unclear why our results revealed an association between intimate partner violence and early stimulation behaviors; this could reflect a coping mechanism for the expectant mother. Further research is needed to better understand this association and explore potential long-term impacts of early stimulation behaviors during pregnancy on child development.Trial registration: Clinical Trials # NCT03665246, September 11, 2018
Capacity of National Malaria Control Programs to implement vector surveillance: A global analysis
Authors: Russell Tanya L , Farlow Robert , Min Myo , Espino Effie , Mnzava Abraham , Burkot Thomas R. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Solving the problem of malaria requires a highly skilled workforce with robust infrastructure, financial backing and sound program management coordinated by a strategic plan. Here the capacity of National Malaria Control Programs (NMCPs) was analysed to identify the strengths and weaknesses underpinning implementation of vector surveillance and control activities by the core elements of program capacity, being strategic frameworks, financing, human resources, logistics and infrastructure, and information systems. Results: Across nearly every country surveyed, the vector surveillance programs were hampered by a lack of capacity and capability. Only 8 % of NMCPs reported having sufficient capacity to implement vector surveillance. In contrast, 57 %, 56 % and 28 % of NMCPs had the capacity to implement long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), indoor residual spraying (IRS) and larval source management (LSM) activities, respectively. Largely underlying this was a lack of up-to-date strategic plans that prioritise vector surveillance and include frameworks for decision making and action. Conclusions: Strategic planning and a lack of well-trained entomologists heavily hamper vector surveillance. Countries on the path to elimination generally had more operational/field staff compared to countries at the stage of control, and also were more likely to have an established system for staff training and capacity building. It is unlikely that controlling countries will make significant progress unless huge investments also go towards increasing the number and capacity of programmatic staff.
Differential mitochondrial proteomic analysis of A549 cells infected with avian influenza virus subtypes H5 and H9
Authors: Yang Yuting , Zhang Yun , Yang Changcheng , Fang Fang , Wang Ying , Chang Haiyan , Chen Ze , Chen Ping 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Both the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 and low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H9N2 viruses have been reported to cross species barriers to infect humans. However, H5N1 viruses can cause severe damage and a high mortality rate, but H9N2 viruses can not. Our purpose was to use proteomics technology to study the differential expression of mitochondrial-related proteins caused by H5N1 and H9N2 virus infections.Methods: According to the determined viral infection titer, A549 cells were infected with 1 MOI (multiplicity of infection) virus, and the mitochondria were extracted after 24 hours of incubation. The lysed mitochondrial protein was analyzed by BCA method for protein concentration, SDS-PAGE preliminary analysis, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry. Select different protein spots, perform Western Blot to verify the proteomics results. The identified proteins use GO analysis for subcellular localization, KEGG analysis for functional classification and signal pathways, STRING analysis for functional protein association networks.Results: In the 2-D gel electrophoresis analysis, 227 protein spots were detected in the H5N1-infected group, and 169 protein spots were detected in the H9N2-infected group. After further MS identification and removal of redundancy, 32 differentially expressed proteins were identified. Compared with the H9N2 group, the H5N1-infected group had 16 upregulated mitochondrial proteins and 16 downregulated proteins. The 70 kDa heat shock protein analogs, short-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase, malate dehydrogenase, and ATP synthase were verified by Western Blot, and the results were consistent with proteomics. Functional analysis indicated that these differentially expressed proteins were involved mainly in apoptosis, metabolism.Conclusions: Compared with H9N2 group, the differential expression of eight mitochondrial proteins in H5N1 group led to T cell activation, antigen presentation, stress response, ATP synthesis and cell apoptosis reduction, leading to higher pathogenicity of H5N1 than H9N2 virus.
A Retrospective&nbsp;Review of Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty Functional Outcome and the Incidence of Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Tear in Spontaneous Osteonecrosis of the Knee
Authors: WU PO-JU , Lin TsungYu , Lu Yung Chang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background:Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee (SONK) can lead to severe knee osteoarthritis predominantly localized to the medial compartment. We aimed to determine whether unicompartmental knee arthroplasty was an effective treatment for primary SONK.Methods: We analyzed the functional outcomes in 23 patients with SONK (with a magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]-confirmed diagnosis) who underwent UKA at a single center. The mean follow-up time was 67 months post-UKA.Results: Significant improvements in function were indicated by reduced Oxford Knee and Visual Analogue Scale scores after UKA, and there were no specific complications after the procedures. The incidence of MRI-identified medial meniscus posterior root tear (MMPRT) was 69.6% (16/23).Conclusion: Unicompartmental arthroplasty for SONK is less destructive to the native knee structure than total knee arthroplasty, but can achieve comparable prognosis with strict patient selection. While the precise etiology of SONK is unknown, one theory posits that a MMPRT may change the biomechanical circumstances of the knee joint, leading to osteonecrosis. Although not confirmatory, the high prevalence rate suggests that MMPRT may have a key role in the development of SONK. UKA is an effective treatment option for SONK, resulting in significant functional improvement. Long-term (>10 years) outcomes should be investigated.
Comparative metabolites profiling of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua seed during sand storage and germination
Authors: Zhang Wenwu , Tong Jinfeng , Xia Long , Zhu Xiaoyun , Ran Rui , Chang Yan , Zhang Jie , Cai Yongping , Jin Qing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background

The seeds of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua have dormancy phenomenon. Previous studies have shown that sand storage factors effects of the seed dormancy of P. cyrtonema Hua seeds and enhance the seed germination process. Subsequently, metabolic activities and different changes during the sand storage and germination process of P. cyrtonema Hua seed has not been heavily researched.
Results

In this study the changes in the metabolites of P. cyrtonema Hua seeds at different sand storage times and germination stages, we used untargeted metabolomics to determine them. Most of the sugar and glycoside contents in seed coat increased after 30 d on the other hand, in peeled seeds increased at 30 d and decreased at 60 d after sand storage treatment. The content of proline and benzoic acid decreased in the seed coat after sand storage. PCA, OPLS-DA and HCA showed that the contents of most metabolites increased after 7 d and decreased after 14 d of seed germination. The process of 7 d to 14 d was the key stage of seed germination of P. cyrtonema Hua. Differential metabolic pathway analysis showed that seed germination was controlled by multiple metabolic pathways. Metabolic correlation revealed the interdependence between seed germination metabolites and metabolic pathways.
Conclusion

Sand storage can significantly increase the rate of seed germination and play a vital role in seed dormancy of P. cyrtonema Hua. There was inherent differences in metabolites during different storage time and germination stages in P. cyrtonema Hua. Our work provides a first glimpse of the metabolome in seed germination of P. cyrtonema Hua, and provides a valuable informations for revealing the mechanism of breaking seed dormancy.
Selection and Evaluation of Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-Time Reverse-Transcriptase PCR under Cold Stress in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) during Fruit Development
Authors: Yang Jinkun , Zhang Ying , Lian Yong , Chen Yuhui , Liu Fuzhong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is a thermophilic vegetable, and its yield and quality are often affected by cold stress. Therefore, identifying the key genes and mechanisms of cold tolerance has become a significant topic in eggplant. qRT-PCR has been widely used to analyse gene expression patterns, and reliable reference genes are necessary for this technique.
Methods

To select and evaluate suitable reference genes for qRT-PCR, 18 candidate genes selected from transcriptome sequence data were subjected to analysis of their expression stability under natural cold and normal temperature conditions. Four commonly used programs (geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and RefFinder) were used to determine the stabilities of these genes.
Results

The results showed that D5, D4 and D1 were the three most stable reference genes among the 18 genes. Then, D5, D4 and D1 were compared with commonly used reference genes. The results showed that D5 was still the most stable gene, followed by APRT, D4, and Actin was the least stable gene.
Conclusion

D5, APRT and D4 were recommended as a reference gene combination for gene expression normalization under cold stress and at normal temperature during fruit development. Our results provide a molecular foundation for further research on the cold tolerance mechanism of eggplant.
Investigation of mechanical and micro structural properties of ST14 steel sheet joints by friction stir welding process
Authors: Afshari Mahmoud , Foroushani Hossein Norozi , Rad Ehsan Salahshour , Far Iraj Sattari , Alavi Amirhossein 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
High strength and ductility are considered as the superior features of ST14 steel, which have resulted in the extensive usage of this material in the automotive and aerospace industries. Friction stir welding (FSW) is one of the new methods of solid-state welding with preferable mechanical properties for joining steel components.In this study, the mechanical and microstructural properties of 1.5 mm thick ST14 steel sheets in FSW process are investigated. The results revealed the highest tensile strength of 305 MPa for the welded specimen at the rotational speed of 800 rpm and linear speed of 80 mm/min. In addition, higher separation rate of the tungsten carbide particles from the tool as a result of higher heat input to the piece was realized from the metallographic test with the use of sample with rotational speed of 1000 rpm and linear speed of 50 mm/min. Moreover, regarding the results of micro hardness test, an increased hardness to 115H1 HV in the stirred zone (SZ) was acquired in this sample. Furthermore, the presence of the tungsten carbide particles were observed in this area.
Probing the nature of an emergent insulator in ionic gated monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Qin Maosen , Ding Dongdong , Li Siheng , Han Xiangyan , Niu Ruirui , Yin Dali , Qu Zhuangzhuang , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Liao Zhi-Min , Huang Yuan , Shi Junren , Chen Ji , Gan Zizhao , Lu Jianming 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Electronic correlation in a flat band has been a longstanding interest because of emergent phenomena such as Mott insulator and superconductivity. Besides recent Moiré superlattice, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) may directly, e.g. by forming a charge density wave in 1T-TaS2, reconstruct a narrow band that exhibits a correlated insulator. Here we report an emergent insulator in electron doped monolayer WSe2, a prototypical TMDs with direct bandgaps. By detailed mapping a cascade of phases “band insulator-superconductor-emergent insulator-metal”, we can identify, besides the superconducting dome, a narrow miniband split from the conduction band, half filling of which coincides with the insulating state. The correlation picture is supported by a density wave that possesses an isolated flat band. Finally, through evolutionary changes within the same class of materials, multivalley population is suggested to account for enhanced superconductivity and the insulator. Our finding provides new opportunities to explore correlated physics within traditionally non-correlated materials.
Measuring landscape evolution from inception to senescence
Authors: Patton Nicholas , Shulmeister James , Almond Peter , Ellerton Daniel , Seropian Gilles 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The concept of the geomorphic cycle is a foundational principle in geology and geomorphology, but the topographic evolution of a single landscape from inception to senescence has not been demonstrated in nature. The Cooloola Sand Mass (CSM) in eastern Australia preserves dune landforms from initial formation to the achievement of maturity (a morphologic steady-state) and its topographic evolution parallels that of physical based models of dry unconsolidated sand. Our field based measurements and forward numerical models demonstrate that this evolution is caused by nonlinear sediment transport governed by hillslope thresholds. Our findings confirm that physical models of landscape evolution are applicable at the landscape scale. We also propose that the distribution of curvature (C) of a landform, and its associated standard deviation (σC) represents a landscape’s potential for change. Once σC is normalised, it can be used to measure and define the evolution of topography and is an essential morphometric tool for understanding landscapes.
Rhein Derivatives, A Promising Pivot?
Authors: Pei Rui , Jiang Yueping , Lei Guanghua , Chen Jingjing , Liu Manhua , Liu Shao 
Published: November 2020

:
Rhein, an anthraquinone derivative, has been employed widely, especially for the treatment
of intractable diseases like diabetic nephropathy, arthritis, and cancer in a unique action mechanism.
In the last decades, considerable efforts have been made in structural modification of rhein. This paper
reviewed patents on pharmacological activity and therapeutic application of rhein and its derivatives
from 1978 to 2018. Particularly, an analysis of patents was made, with the top 10 most valuable patents
presented, and the interpretation of the legal status of patents was given. Given the properties of
superior pharmacological activity, rich resources, cheap price, low toxicity, and mature extraction
process, it is believed that an in-depth investigation on rhein and its derivatives is worth trying.
The Efficacy of Melanin Precursor QIAPI 1© Against Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD): A Case Report
Authors: Herrera Arturo S. , Beeraka Narasimha M. , Solis Luis Fernando T. , Mikhaleva Liudmila M. , Somasundaram Siva G. , Kirkland Cecil E. , Aliev Gjumrakch 
Published: November 2020

Background:
AMD is becoming one of the leading causes of blindness in older adults.
The prevalence rate of the wet form of AMD has been increasing due to the lack of selective
therapeutic modalities. Current therapeutic interventions such as drugs targeting VEGF, and
VEGF receptors, laser coagulants delivered unsuccessful clinical outcomes in AMD patients.
Hence, the cost-effective anti-oxidant therapeutic interventions like molecular hydrogen to protect
retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) by mitigating oxidative stress may deliver effective clinical
outcomes in AMD patients.

Methods:
Female patients with late-stage AMD of age above 70 years were chosen for this case
report. The patients were administered QIAPI1©, a melanin precursor via sublingual route and the
photographs were obtained for left and right eye to depict the efficacy of QIAPI1© against the
wet form of AMD.

Results:
The administration of QIAPI1© extensively mitigated yellow-colored drusen accumulations
in the retina, retinal edema, exudates, and hemorrhages in the right eye, but the effect was
minimal in the case of left eye; the overall drusen accumulation was lesser than the first consultation.

Conclusion:
Current case report has concluded the intrinsic effect of melanin in producing the
molecular hydrogen and chemical energy across the retinal tissues by dissociating water molecules
and dissipating the drusen accumulations, retinal edema, and hemorrhages in AMD patients.
Our preliminary study reported the usage of QIAPI1© as a prospective therapeutic modality
to mitigate the oxidative stress-mediated pathophysiology of the wet form of AMD.
Penerapan permainan puzzle untuk meningkatkan kemampuan membilang
Authors: Nari Nola , Akmay Yulia , Sasmita Dewi 
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh rendahnya kemampuan membilang pada anak di Taman Kanak-kanak Pembina Utara Payakumbuh yang disebabkan oleh media yang digunakan kurang menarik bagi anak. Penelitian bertujuan untuk membantu anak dalam meningkatkan kemampuan membilang melalui permainan puzzle, karena permainan puzzle adalah permainan yang menarik bagi anak dan dapat melatih kemampuan anak dalam membilang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian pre-eksperimental. Desain penelitian yaitu dengan tipe one group pretest-postest design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa TK yang berada di TK Pembina Utara Payakumbuh yang mana sampel penelitian ini adalah kelompok B2 TK Pembina Utara Payakumbuh yang terdiri dari 16 orang anak. Pengambilan sampel yaitu dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, yaitu kelompok B2 sebagai sampel dalam penelitian ini yang berjumlah 16 orang. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah tes berupa lembar kemampuan membilang anak, dan pengujian hipotesis dengan uji statistik (uji-t). Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan di TK pembina Utara Payakumbuh, secara deskriptif terjadi peningkatan kemampuan membilang setelah menerapkan permainan puzzle, dengan kategori kemampuan sedang (N-gain = 0,59). Selanjutnya secara inferensial di peroleh thitung = 4,03 dan ttabel = 2,95. Dengan demikian thitung> ttabel, berarti terdapat peningkatan kemampuan membilang anak setelah menerapkan permainan puzzle. AbstractThis research is motivated by the low ability to say to children in the North Peyakumbuh Kindergarten, which is caused by the media used less attractive to children. The research aims to help children improve their ability to say through puzzle games, because puzzle games are games that are interesting for children and can train children’s abilities in numeracy. This study uses a quantitative method with a type of pre-experimental research. The research design is by type one group pretest-posttest design. The population in this study were kindergarten students who were in the North Pembakumbuh Kindergarten Kindergarten where the sample of this study was a group of B2 North Kindergarten Payakumbuh consisting of 16 children. The sampling is by using purposive sampling technique, namely group B2 as a sample in this study which amounted to 16 people. The research instrument used was a test in the form of a child ability ability sheet, and hypothesis testing with a statistical test (t-test). Based on the research conducted at the North Kindergarten supervisor of Payakumbuh, descriptively there was an increase in the ability to say after applying puzzle games, with a medium ability category (N-gain = 0.59). Furthermore, inferentially obtained tcount = 4.03 and ttable = 2.95. tcount > ttable, means that there is an increase in the ability to say children after applying a puzzle game.
Persepsi mahasiswa calon guru terhadap penggunaan Phet Colorado untuk memfasilitasi kemampuan representasi visual
Authors: Oktasari Depi , Aulia Dian , Jumadi Jumadi , Ferty Zera Nadiah , Ismet Ismet , Siahaan Sardianto Markos 
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui presepsi mahasiswa calon guru fisika terhadap penggunaan PhET Colorado dalam memfasilitasi kemampuan representasi visual mereka dalam pembalajaran fisika. Adapun jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Subyek penelitian merupakan mahasiswa magister pendidikan fisika Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta semester pertama tahun ajaran 2017/2018. Hasil penelitian dari 20 responden menunjukkan bahwa 50% responden sangat tertarik menggunakan PhET Colorado, dengan persepsi mahasiswa terhadap kemampuan representasi visual menggunakan PhET Colorado sebesar 85%, penggunaan PhET Colorado dianggap siswa mampu memfasilitasi kemampuan representasi visual mereka dalam pembelajaran fisika. AbstractThe demands of 21st century skills highlighted the importance of cooperation between teachers and students to achieve the expected skill. Pedagogical knowledge of teachers in teaching and technology into things that need to be developed. Pedagogic ability of teachers in the use of technology can be a potential to develop students' abilities argument. This study aims to develop students' ability argumentation through pedagogical knowledge of teachers in using technology. The technology used is the result of the development of student worksheets 3D PageFlipp Impulse and Momentum material. The purpose of this study to look at the ability of students through the application of scientific argumentation (Technological Pedagogic Knowledge) TPK teachers in the classroom. This research is descriptive research. The data collection capability student argumentation performed by administering a written test. The subjects were students of class X at SMAN 1 Yogyakarta Prambanan. Rate scientific argumentation ability of students refers to Toulmin Argumentation Pattern (TAP). The results showed that the complexity of argumentation ability of students still at low level . These results suggest that the ability of the student arguments need to be improved.