bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accommodative dynamics and attention: the influence of manipulating attentional capacity on accommodative lag and variability
Authors: Redondo Beatriz , Vera Jesús , Molina Rubén , Davies Leon N , Jiménez Raimundo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeThere is evidence that attention can modulate ocular dynamics, but its effects on accommodative dynamics have yet to be fully determined. We investigated the effects of manipulating the capacity to focus on task‐relevant stimuli, using two levels of dual‐tasking (arithmetic task) and auditory feedback, on the accommodative dynamics at three different target distances (500, 40 and 20 cm).MethodsThe magnitude and variability of the accommodative response were objectively measured in 20 healthy young adults using the Grand Seiko WAM‐5500 autorefractor. In randomised order, participants fixated on a Maltese cross while 1) performing an arithmetic task with two levels of complexity (low and high mental load); 2) being provided with two levels of auditory feedback (low and high feedback); and 3) without performing any mental task or receiving feedback (control). Accommodative and pupil dynamics were monitored for 90 seconds during each of the 15 trials (5 experimental conditions x 3 target distances).ResultsThe lag of accommodation was sensitive to the attentional state (p = 0.001), where a lower lag of accommodation was observed for the high feedback condition compared to the control (corrected p‐value = 0.009). The imposition of mental load while fixating on a distant target led to a greater accommodative response (corrected p‐value = 0.010), but no effects were found for the near targets. There was a main effect of the experimental manipulation on the accommodative variability (p < 0.001), with the use of auditory feedback improving the accuracy of the accommodative system.ConclusionsOur data show that accommodative dynamics is affected by varying the capacity to focus on task‐relevant stimuli, observing an improvement in accommodative stability and response with auditory feedback. These results highlight an association between attention and ocular dynamics and provide new insight into the control of accommodation.
High‐throughput phenotyping accelerates the dissection of the dynamic genetic architecture of plant growth and yield improvement in rapeseed
Authors: Li Haitao , Feng Hui , Guo Chaocheng , Yang Shanjing , Huang Wan , Xiong Xiong , Liu Jianxiao , Chen Guoxing , Liu Qian , Xiong Lizhong , Liu Kede , Yang Wanneng 
Published: May 2020

SummaryRapeseed is the second most important oil crop species and is widely cultivated worldwide. However, overcoming the ‘phenotyping bottleneck’ has remained a significant challenge. A clear goal of high‐throughput phenotyping is to bridge the gap between genomics and phenomics. In addition, it is important to explore the dynamic genetic architecture underlying rapeseed plant growth and its contribution to final yield. In this work, a high‐throughput phenotyping facility was used to dynamically screen a rapeseed intervarietal substitution line population during two growing seasons. We developed an automatic image analysis pipeline to quantify 43 dynamic traits across multiple developmental stages, with 12 time points. The time‐resolved i‐traits could be extracted to reflect shoot growth and predict the final yield of rapeseed. Broad phenotypic variation and high heritability were observed for these i‐traits across all developmental stages. A total of 337 and 599 QTLs were identified, with 33.5% and 36.1% consistent QTLs for each trait across all 12 time points in the two growing seasons, respectively. Moreover, the QTLs responsible for yield indicators colocalized with those of final yield, potentially providing a new mechanism of yield regulation. Our results indicate that high‐throughput phenotyping can provide novel insights into the dynamic genetic architecture of rapeseed growth and final yield, which would be useful for future genetic improvements in rapeseed.
Preceding stimulus sequence effects on the oddball‐P300 in young and healthy older adults
Authors: Kamp Siri‐Maria 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe present study examined the mechanisms underlying stimulus sequence effects on the parietal P300 and frontal P3a elicited by infrequent targets in an oddball paradigm and compared these effects between young and older adults. Fifty young and 50 healthy older adults completed a simple visual oddball task including an infrequent (20%) target stimulus. A temporo‐spatial principal component (PCA) analysis was used to disentangle the parietal P300 and frontal P3a from overlapping ERP components. The typical age‐related anterior‐shift of the P300 was, according to the PCA, due to a disproportionately large contribution of a frontal P3a in older adults. Up to about five successive standards preceding a target, the results replicated the typical increase in parietal P300 amplitude to targets with increases in preceding standards. A novel finding was that with further increases in preceding standards, P300 amplitude to targets gradually decreased. This pattern is consistent with a combination of relatively automatic, temporary expectations and higher level, conscious expectations driving P300 sequential effects, with different dynamics over the course of successively presented standards. However, an expectancy‐based account of these sequential effects was challenged by an analogous analysis of RTs. Sequential effects on the frontal P3a differed from the parietal P300: The P3a was largest when a target followed another target and continually decreased with the number of intervening standards. Notably, sequential effects were strikingly similar for young and older adults, and implications for the functional significance of morphological changes in P300 due to aging are discussed.
Loss and damage and climate litigation: The case for greater interlinkage
Authors: Toussaint Patrick 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWith the negotiations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) failing to provide adequate support to climate victims, vulnerable countries, nongovernmental organizations and affected communities are increasingly exploring legal avenues to obtain recourse for loss and damage. This article contributes to the emerging scholarship on climate litigation by exploring whether, how and with what effects such litigation interacts with the UNFCCC negotiations. For this purpose, the article contextualizes normative claims about the influence of climate court cases through practice‐embedded views of stakeholders in the loss and damage context and provides a typology of loss and damage‐related cases. Having due regard to the fact that litigation for liability and compensation of climate harms is still at an early stage, it argues that this legal avenue offers significant potential to advance the UNFCCC negotiations on loss and damage, and provides recommendations on how both spheres can be more strongly interlinked.
Can taxes raise output and reduce inequality? The case of lobbying
Authors: Prettner Klaus , Rostam‐Afschar Davud 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOne of the key institutional elements for reducing inequality is the tax and transfer system. However, economists and policymakers usually view high taxes as detrimental to economic growth. We isolate one important mechanism by which higher taxes reduce inequality and raise per capita gross domestic product (GDP) at the same time. This mechanism operates in the presence of unproductive lobbying. Higher taxes induce a reallocation from lobbying toward production. This raises overall output and reduces the consumption gap between those who benefit from lobbying and those who bear its negative effects.
Organic and inorganic forms of phosphorus in soils amended with sugar cane filter cake
Authors: Braos Lucas Boscov , Bettiol Aline Carla Trombeta , Di Santo Ludmilla Geraldo , Ferreira Manoel Evaristo , da Cruz Mara Cristina Pessôa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractStudies of phosphorus (P) behaviour in soils receiving sugar cane filter cake are important for determining doses, its contribution to P nutrition and maximizing fertilizer efficiency, especially in soils with low P availability. This study aimed to assess organic and inorganic forms of P in soils treated with sugar cane filter cake, and the relationship between these and plant available P. Soil inorganic (Pi) and organic (Po) phosphorus forms, organic carbon, pH and resin P were measured in two soils; a Typic Hapludox with clay texture and an Arenic Hapludult with loamy sand texture, subject to three fertilizer treatments (nil P control and 100 mg P dm−3 as filter cake and triple superphosphate). Inorganic P was fractionated to soluble/loosely bound, Al‐bound, Fe‐bound, occluded and Ca‐bound P forms. Organic P was fractionated into labile, fulvic, humic and residual Po forms. Plant dry matter yield and P uptake were also determined. Both fertilizers increased the Al‐ and Fe‐bound P fractions, with the increases caused by triple superphosphate 14.7 and 7.2 mg kg−1 higher than filter cake, respectively. Filter cake increased the fulvic Po by 40.9 mg kg−1, while triple superphosphate increased it by 28.5 mg kg−1, in the fine‐textured soil. Al‐, Fe‐bound and labile Po fractions in both soils had significant correlations (p <. 01) with plant absorbed P (r = .75, .84 and .54, respectively). Filter cake resulted in lower Pi fractions and availability, and it has potential to partially replace mineral P fertilizer in fine‐textured soils and, entirely, in coarse‐textured soils.
Characterization and refinement of monoclonal anti‐human globulins that lack reactivity with human IgG4
Authors: Howie Heather L. , Collins Baodan , Wang Xiaohong , Kapp Linda , Delaney Meghan , Er Lay See , Lebedev Jenna N. , Zimring James C. 
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUNDAnti–red blood cell (RBC) alloantibodies consisting of only the immunoglobulin G (IgG) 4 subtype are typically considered clinically insignificant. A US Food and Drug Administration–approved monoclonal anti‐human globulin (16H8) is nonreactive with IgG4, which has been considered a benefit to avoid testing interference from IgG4. However, 16H8 also does not recognize two natural IgG3 variants (IgG3‐03 and IgG3‐13). Thus, 16H8 may miss clinically significant alloantibodies in some settings.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSNovel mouse anti‐human IgG hybridomas were generated and screened for reactivity with 32 human variants of anti‐KEL1 across different IgG subtypes, as well as mutants to allow epitope mapping. Anti‐IgG reactivity was determined using KEL1+ RBCs bound by each IgG variant as targets. Binding of anti‐IgG was determined by flow cytometry.RESULTS16H8 recognized an epitope involving amino acid 419, which is glutamate in IgG4, IgG3‐03, and IgG3‐13, explaining the lack of 16H8 reactivity with these subtypes/isoallotypes. A new monoclonal antibody (PUMA8) was isolated that, like 16H8, was nonreactive with IgG4 but without blind spots for known variants of IgG1, IgG2, or IgG3. PUMA8 recognized an epitope containing arginine at position 355, which is glutamine in IgG4. However, a recently described new IgG4 variant with an arginine at position 355 results in PUMA8 reactivity.CONCLUSIONPUMA8 represents an alternative to 16H8 that avoids IgG4 but without blind spots for IgG3 variants. However, PUMA8 reacts with one recently described IgG4 variant. In addition to relevance to immunohematology, these studies highlight the importance of patient variation with regards to assay performance in an era of personalized medicine.
Stative progressives in Inner and Outer Circle varieties of English
Authors: Lenoble Christophe 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe extension of the progressive to statives is a feature of both Inner and Outer Circle varieties even though a division of labour seems to be at stake in regards to the semantics involved. Indeed, the pragmatic implicatures of temporariness and hedging are characteristic of the extension in Inner Circle varieties, whereas extended duration or ongoing states is what appears to be the property of Outer Circle varieties (Van Rooy, 2014). Temporariness is, however, common to all sorts of dialects, but adversative meanings have also been found in Singapore English (Ziegeler, 2017). I propose that all types of stative progressives in Present‐Day English are the result of a reanalysis all the way back to the general imperfectivity characterising Old and Middle English progressive constructions (Ziegeler, 2017). The gradualness of the extension will be seen to be universal and independent of community size and complexification to be a feature shared by all varieties.
The State of American Manufacturing 2020
Authors: Brown Alan S. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The second half of 2019 was not good for manufacturing. Demand dropped, hiring sputtered, and tariffs forced producers to reconfigure supply chains on the fly. Going into 2020, the picture suddenly brightened. Demand, orders, and hiring rose. Then the coronavirus pandemic hit. This article looks at some of the implications of the pandemic on the economy and how it might affect manufacturing.
Factors influencing junior doctor workplace engagement in research: An Australian study
Authors: Phang Dana T Y , Rogers Gary D , Hashem Fahid , Sharma Siddharth , Noble Christy 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Engaging junior doctors in research can contribute to improved health outcomes, but there is a lack of guidance on how best to support junior doctor research engagement through their workplace experiences. This study aims to identify factors influencing Australian junior doctors’ workplace engagement in research and inform recommendations for building research capacity. Methods: This qualitative interview study, using convenience sampling, explored junior doctors’ perceptions and experiences of research engagement. Seventeen junior doctors working at an Australian teaching hospital were interviewed. Data were analysed using the framework method, informed by workplace learning theory. Results: Junior doctors found it challenging to engage in research activities and attributed this to the lack of a practice-based curriculum to sequence their learning. They described an absence of workplace affordances for research engagement, including time, research-active clinician mentors and accessible projects. Whilst career progression was one motivator for research engagement, a key motivator was engaging in research contributing to patient care. Conclusions: The findings suggested that absence of practice-based curriculum, mentor guidance and engagement in meaningful research activities hampered research engagement. These findings may inform junior doctor research development programs in acute healthcare organisations.
Development of professional identity and professional socialisation in allied health students: A scoping review
Authors: Snell Robynne , Fyfe Susan , Fyfe Georgina , Blackwood Diana , Itsiopoulos Catherine 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Reports on the development of professional identity and socialisation in the healthcare professions are mainly from medicine and nursing, although the body of work from other health professions is increasing. This scoping review investigates what is known about the development of professional identity by students from nine allied health professions and what they experience when developing a professional identity. Methods: Reviewers independently searched five databases: CINAHL Plus, Informit, Ovid Medline, Proquest and Scopus, using either terms from text mining six key articles known to the authors or from the keywords: allied health occupation, student, professional identity, professional socialisation, professionalisation and professional role. Results: Ninety-six articles met inclusion criteria from 3 662 records. Over half the articles were published after 2010 and reported studies using qualitative methods with small numbers of participants. Study participants were mainly from the United States of America, the United Kingdom and Australia, and their professions were social work, occupational therapy and physiotherapy. There was no consensus for terminology of professional identity, and related terms were used interchangeably. Theoretical frameworks varied, with situated learning theory and application of standards or frameworks to meet accreditation or professional organisation requirements being most common. Students reported that early introduction to their profession was beneficial to developing a professional identity.Conclusions: While interest in the development of professional identity has increased, findings indicate that further research, including longitudinal studies, would deepen our understanding of the process of socialisation at different stages and similarities between the professions. This is needed for curriculum development, graduate employability strategies and in order to best prepare students for their future practice.
Curriculum mapping for health professions education: a typology
Authors: Watson Eilean Genevieve S. , Steketee Carole , Mansfield Kylie , Moore Maxine , Dalziel Bronwen , Damodaran Arvin , Walker Ben , Duvivier Robbert J. , Hu Wendy 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Across higher education, curriculum mapping has attracted great interest, partly driven by the need to map graduate competencies to learning and assessment for quality assurance and accreditation. Other drivers have included the need to: a) provide tools for curriculum design and renewal, b) improve communication amongst teachers and curriculum developers and c) support learning by informing students about the scope and sequence of their programs. Those embarking on curriculum mapping have sought clarification about what elements of the curriculum should be mapped, how to develop their own map or whether they should adopt externally available products. During our combined experience of mapping six different medical programs over the course of 15 years, we have frequently sought answers to these questions. However, due to the many and varying types of curriculum maps and curriculum-mapping processes that are described in the literature, answers have not been readily forthcoming. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive review of the higher education—including health professions—literature to develop a four-dimensional typology for curriculum maps, which details features related to their purpose, product, process and display. The typology was validated by testing the parameters against six curriculum maps from medical schools around Australia.Results: Using a synthesis of 265 higher education publications, we created a structured framework and common language around the four dimensions of curriculum mapping. Discussion: The typology can be used by health professions educators to make key decisions about the many curriculum map options available.
Surface Electromyography of the Internal and External Oblique Muscles During Isometric Tasks Targeting the Lateral Trunk
Authors: Kinney Allison L. , Giel Matthew , Harre Brady , Heffner Kyle , McCullough Timothy , Savino Maria , Scott Alexi , Barrios Joaquin A. 
Published: May 2020

Context: Tasks that activate the lateral trunk muscles are clinically relevant in athletic and rehabilitation programs. However, no electromyography studies have compared tasks aimed at lateral trunk muscle activation. Objective: To compare the activation magnitudes of the internal and external obliques between 4 tasks targeting recruitment of the lateral trunk muscles, including the proposal of a novel assessment. Design: Comparative laboratory study. Setting: University-based biomechanics laboratory. Participants: Sixty-three participants (35 females, age = 23.6 [2.0] y, height = 1.72 [0.10] m, mass = 70.7 [14.4] kg, body mass index = 23.6 [2.86] kg/m2). Intervention(s): Surface electromyography data were recorded bilaterally from the internal and external obliques while the participants performed 2 maximum voluntary contraction tasks followed by 4 isometric tasks. The isometric tasks included feet-elevated side-supported, trunk-elevated side-unsupported, lateral plank, and side-lying hip abduction. Main Outcome Measures: Maximum voluntary contraction-normalized and integrated muscle activities were calculated for targeted and nontargeted muscles in each task. A side-by-task analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction was conducted. Results: The trunk-elevated side-unsupported task strongly activated the internal (199% maximum voluntary contraction) and external (103%) oblique muscles. The feet-elevated side-supported task strongly activated the internal obliques (205%) but not the external obliques (55%). The lateral plank task successfully activated the internal (107%) and external (72%) obliques, but not at the highest levels of the tested tasks. The side-lying hip abduction task was the least effective at activating either the internal (48%) or external (20%) obliques. Conclusions: We recommend the novel trunk-elevated side-unsupported task for assessing lateral trunk muscle performance. For independent exercise, we recommend the lateral plank task, unless arm or shoulder pathologies are present, whereby the feet-elevated side-supported task may be favorable.
The Effect of Proprioceptive Training on Directional Dynamic Stabilization
Authors: Rhodes David , Leather Mark , Birdsall Daniel , Alexander Jill 
Published: May 2020

Objectives: Significant loss of playing time and the impact of treatment costs due to lower limb injury in football demonstrates a need for improved protocols for injury risk reduction. The aim of the present study is to assess the effect of a proprioceptive training program on the lower limb dynamic stability of elite footballers. Methods: A total of 16 elite premier league footballers were randomly allocated by matched pair design to a 8-week proprioception training group (group A, n = 8) or nontraining group (group B, n = 8), to determine the effect of this training over a 16-week period. Group A completed 8 weeks of bilateral proprioceptive training, 5 times per week for 10 minutes. The Biodex Stability System measures of overall stability index, anterior–posterior (A–P), and medial–lateral stability (M–L) at levels 8-6-4-1 were taken for both groups at baseline, 4, 8, and 16 weeks. Main effects of time, level of stability, and direction of stability were determined, with comparisons of effect made between the 2 groups. Results: The training group displayed significant differences for multidirectional stability at week 8 (P ≤ .05). The A–P stability within the training group displayed significant differences between baseline measures and 16 weeks (P > .05), with significant increases in scores displayed for M–L and A–P stability between weeks 8 and 16 (P ≤ .05), representing a detraining effect. No significant differences were detected at any time point for the nontraining group (P > .05). Conclusions: Proprioceptive training over 8 weeks has a positive effect on all directions of stability. Greater declines in A–P stability were evident at 16 weeks when compared with M–L and overall stability index. Consideration must be given to the increased stability scores presented pretesting for A–P when compared with M–L. Findings of this work present implications for training design.