bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiation-induced Metabolic Shifts in the Hepatic Parenchyma: Findings from 18F-FDG PET Imaging and Tissue NMR Metabolomics in a Mouse Model for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Chung Yi-Hsiu , Tsai Cheng-Kun , Yu Ching-Fang , Wang Wan-Ling , Yang Chung-Lin , Hong Ji-Hong , Yen Tzu-Chen , Chen Fang-Hsin , Lin Gigin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose: By taking advantage of 18F-FDG PET imaging and tissue nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics, we examined the dynamic metabolic alterations induced by liver irradiation in a mouse model for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: After orthotopic implantation with the mouse liver cancer BNL cells in the right hepatic lobe, animals were divided into two experimental groups. The first received irradiation (RT) at 15 Gy whereas the second (no-RT) did not. Intergroup comparisons over time were performed in terms of 18F-FDG PET findings, NMR metabolomics results, and expression of genes involved in inflammation and glucose metabolism. Results: As of day 1 post-irradiation, mice in the RT group showed an increased 18F-FDG uptake in the right liver parenchyma compared with the no-RT group. However, the difference reached statistical significance only on the third post-irradiation day. NMR metabolomics revealed that glucose concentrations peaked on day 1 post-irradiation both in the right and left lobes – the latter reflecting a bystander effect. Increased pyruvate and glutamate levels were also evident in the right liver on the third post-irradiation day. The expression levels of the glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC) and fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1) genes were down-regulated on the first and third post-irradiation days, respectively. Thus, liver irradiation was associated with a metabolic shift from an impaired gluconeogenesis to an enhanced glycolysis from the first to the third post-irradiation day. Conclusion: Radiation-induced metabolic alterations in the liver parenchyma occur as early as the first post-irradiation day and show dynamic changes over time.
Risk Factors Impacting Intra- and Postoperative Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea on the Endoscopic Treatment of Pituitary Adenomas: Retrospective Experience From 250 Patients
Authors: Wang Ming , Yang Cai , Jiang Yugang , Peng Yong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Aim: We aimed to identify the risk factors associated with intra- and postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage in pituitary adenomas treated by endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery. Material and methods: A retrospective analysis of 250 pituitary adenoma cases from January 2017 to December 2019 at our hospital was conducted; all patients underwent endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgeries. A univariate analysis and multivariate analysis was performed to investigate the risk factors associated with intra- and postoperative CSF rhinorrhea.Results: Eighty(32.0%) and nine(3.6%) patients had intraoperative and postoperative CSF leakages, respectively. Tumor size was an independent risk factor for intraoperative CSF leakage (OR, 1.229; 95% CI, 1.133–1.334; P<0.001); intraoperative CSF leakage was an independent risk factor for postoperative CSF leakage (OR, 7.707; 95% CI, 1.336–44.455; P=0.022). Chronic respiratory disease (OR, 57.500; 95% CI, 8.031–411.682; P<0.001) was also an independent risk factor for postoperative CSF leakage; vascularized septal mucosal flap was a protective factor for such (OR, 0.107; 95% CI, 0.013–0.894; P=0.039).Conclusion: Intraoperative CSF leakages are more likely to occur in large pituitary adenomas; in the presence of intraoperative CSF leakages, postoperative CSF rhinorrhea is very likely to occur. Patients with chronic respiratory disease are also more likely to develop postoperative CSF leakages. However, the sellar base reconstructed using vascularized nasal septal flaps can significant decrease the risk for such. Knosp grade, degree of tumor resection, postoperative lumbar subarachnoid drain use did not seem to have effect on the postoperative CSF rhinorrhea.
Development of water basin pollution emission inventory: a preliminary literature review and Its implication for China
Authors: Zhao Shuchang , Liu Yi , Liu Yaxin , Gong Manli 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The water pollution emission inventory is a fundamental decision-making tool that links emissions and water quality. However, accurately quantifying the emissions is challenging, due to the variety of contributing sources, complexity of methods for calibration and validation, and lack of moderate spatio-temporal resolution. Over the last two decades, tremendous efforts have been made to improve the accuracy of emission inventories, and significant improvements have been accomplished. This study summarizes the recent progress on inventory development, by recapping the sector-based configurations and associated coefficient databases. Subsequently, we highlight the calculation, validation, and spatio-temporal resolution of emissions contained in the present inventories. Finally, we suggest future directions for conducting a systematic procedure and further improving the accuracy of emission inventories.
Evaluating drought risk in data-scarce contexts. The case of southern Angola
Authors: Limones Natalia , Marzo-Artigas Javier , Wijnen Marcus , Serrat-Capdevila Aleix 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper pursues a methodological objective, developing and validating a structured approach for the recognition of areas under the highest levels of drought risk, suitable for data-scarce environments. The approach is based on recent scientific outcomes and methods and can be easily adapted to different contexts in subsequent exercises. The research reviews the history of hydro-meteorological drought in the south of Angola and characterizes the experienced hazard in the episode from 2012. Also, it intends to portray the socioeconomic vulnerabilities and the exposure to the phenomenon in the region to fully comprehend the risk. A list and map of these areas at high risk are two of the main outputs of this work. The results demonstrate that most of the region experienced a severe multi-year meteorological drought that was intensifying at the time of writing this paper, and that the majority of its impacts started immediately after the rainfall anomalies appeared. Last, the study confirms that the set of indicators used reveals different facets of vulnerability, leading to different drought vulnerability profiles in the south of Angola and, consequently, to several varieties of priority areas prone to distinctive impacts.
Identification and inactivation of Gordonia, a new chlorine-resistant bacterium isolated from a drinking water distribution system
Authors: Lu Nannan , Sun Shaohua , Chu Fumin , Wang Mingquan , Zhao Qinghua , Shi Jinmiao , Jia Ruibao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Chlorine-resistant bacteria threaten drinking water safety in water distribution systems. In this study, a novel chlorine-resistant bacterium identified as Gordonia was isolated from the drinking water supply system of Jinan City for the first time. We examined the resistance and inactivation of the isolate by investigating cell survival, changes in cell morphology, and the permeability of cell membranes exposed to chlorine. After 240 min chlorine exposure, the chlorine residual was greater than 0.5 mg L−1 and the final inactivation was about 3 log reduction, which showed that the Gordonia strain had high chlorine tolerance. Flow-cytometric analysis indicated that, following sodium hypochlorite treatments with increasing membrane permeability, culturable cells enter a viable but nonculturable state and then die. We also investigated the inactivation kinetics of Gordonia following chlorine dioxide and ultraviolet radiation treatment. We found that these treatments can effectively inactivate Gordonia, which suggests that they may be used for the regulation of chlorine-resistant microorganisms.
Effect of lockdown on wastewater characteristics: a comparison of two large urban areas
Authors: Pons Marie-Noëlle , Louis Pauline , Vignati Davide 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The effect of the lockdown imposed to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in France between March 14 and May 11, 2020 on the wastewater characteristics of two large urban areas (with between 250,000 and 300,000 inhabitants) was studied. The number of outward and inward daily commuters was extracted from national census databases related to the population and their commuting habits. For urban area A, with the larger number of daily inward commuters (110,000, compared to 53,000 for B), lockdown was observed to have an effect on the monthly load averages of chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total suspended solids and total phosphorus, all of which decreased (confidence level of 95%). This decrease, which varied between 20% and 40% and reached 45% for COD, can be related to the cessation of catering and activities such as hairdressing, which generate large amounts of graywater. The ammonium loads, due to the use of toilets before leaving for work and after returning from work, remained constant. In the case of urban area B, lockdown had no noticeable effect. More data would be necessary in the long term to analyze the effect of changes in the balance between ammonia and carbon sources on the operation of wastewater treatment plants.
Dynamic change in particulate palladium concentrations in a mangrove wetland water environment and its mechanism in Dongzhai Harbor, China
Authors: Ji Caiye , Liu Yuyan , Wu Dan , Fu Bo , Wang Lin , Zhang Lan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Palladium (Pd), in platinum group elements (PGEs), is widely used as a catalyst in vehicle exhaust catalytic converters (VECs). The cumulative level of Pd in the environment is growing rapidly, and the potential threat to human health is increasing. In this paper, the mangrove wetland in Dongzhai Harbor, Hainan Province, China, was taken as the research area for the collection of water samples. The particulate Pd was determined by microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The particulate Pd showed a decreasing trend from the estuary to offshore. The land origin of Pd in the mangrove wetland was explained. The Pd concentrations in the suspended state were lower in the wet season than in the dry season. Tide had an obvious influence on particulate Pd. The concentrations of particulate Pd at spring tide were higher than those at neap tide. The concentrations of particulate Pd at ebb tide were higher than those at flood tide. The rainfall intensity also had a strong influence on the particulate Pd. The particulate Pd increased after moderate and light rain but decreased after heavy rain. The pH, redox potential(Eh), and Cl− had little effect on particulate Pd in the water environment. This study is helpful for understanding the environmental geochemical characteristics of Pd in mangrove wetlands and provides a theoretical basis for the study of Pd in urban coastal mangrove environment.
Colonialidade da educação escolar
Authors: Ramalho Bárbara , Alvarez Leite Lúcia Helena 
Published: November 2020

A reivindicação do acesso à educação escolar sob o imaginário do desenvolvimento dos sujeitos e da nação é uma narrativa fortemente presente na sociedade brasileira. Sob as teorias anticoloniais, o presente artigo se propõe a examinar este discurso e, a partir disso, a delinear o conceito de colonialidade da educação escolar. Para tanto, realizaremos, em primeiro lugar, uma contextualização das abordagens que se dedicam à interpretação do sistema-mundo tendo como referência os eventos de dominação de sujeitos, culturas e territórios inaugurado entre os séculos XV e XVI e, sob este enfoque, nos dedicaremos à discussão teórica relativamente à educação escolar. Por fim, com vistas a identificarmos aspectos da vigência da colonialidade no contexto educacional, analisaremos excertos de entrevistas e registros em caderno de campo derivados de uma pesquisa de doutorado recentemente concluída. As discussões realizadas no artigo nos levam a concluir que a garantia do direito à educação de fato para todos está condicionada à descolonização da escola, sua cultura e práticas.
Biological and Pharmacological Effects of Gamma-oryzanol: An Updated Review of the Molecular Mechanisms
Authors: Ramazani Elham , Akaberi Maryam , Emami Seyed Ahmad , Tayarani-Najaran Zahra 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Gamma-oryzanol (γ-oryzanol) is one of the rice bran oil (RBO) compounds, known as
a principal food source throughout the world. In recent numerous experimental studies, γ-oryzanol has been revealed
to have several useful pharmacological properties, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer,
anti-diabetic, ameliorating unpleasant menopausal symptoms, cholesterol-lowering, improving plasma lipid pattern,
etc.

Methods:
In this study, we reviewed the scientific literature published up until 2020, which has evaluated the
biological and pharmacological activity of gamma-oryzanol. This review summarizes the published data found
in PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus.

Results and Conclusion:
The present review attempts to summarize the most related articles about the pharmacological
and therapeutic potential from recent studies on γ-oryzanol to gain insights into design further studies
to achieve new evidence that confirm the observed effects.
Exploring the Potential Mechanism of Shufeng Jiedu Capsule for Treating COVID-19 by Comprehensive Network Pharmacological Approaches and Molecular Docking Validation
Authors: Zhuang Zhenjie , Zhong Xiaoying , Zhang Huanhuan , Chen Huiqi , Huang Boxiang , Lin Dongqun , Wen Junmao 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
Shufeng Jiedu capsule (SFJDC) is a well-known Chinese patent drug that is recommended as a basic
prescription and applied widely in the clinical treatment of COVID-19. However, the exact molecular mechanism of SFJDC
remains unclear. The present study aims to determine the potential pharmacological mechanisms of SFJDC in the treatment
of COVID-19 based on network pharmacology.

Methods:
The network pharmacology-based strategy includes collection and analysis of active compounds and target genes,
network construction, identification of key compounds and hub target genes, KEGG and GO enrichment, recognition and
analysis of main modules, as well as molecule docking.

Results:
A total of 214 active chemical compounds and 339 target genes of SFJDC were
collected. Of note, 5 key compounds (β -sitosterol, luteolin, kaempferol, quercetin, and
stigmasterol) and 10 hub target genes (TP53, AKT1, NCOA1, EGFR, PRKCA, ANXA1,
CTNNB1, NCOA2, RELA and FOS) were identified based on network analysis. The hub target
genes mainly enriched in pathways including MAPK signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling
pathway and cAMP signaling pathway, which could be the underlying pharmacological
mechanisms of SFJDC for treating COVID-19. Moreover, the key compounds had high binding
activity with three typical target proteins including ACE2, 2OFZ, and 1SSK.

Conclusions:
By network pharmacology analysis, SFJDC was found to effectively improve
immune function and reduce inflammatory responses based on its key compounds, hub target
genes, and the relevant pathways. These findings may provide valuable evidence for explaining
how SFJDC exerting the therapeutic effects on COVID-19, providing a holistic view for further
clinical application.
Morphological and Histopathological Study of Autopsied Patients with Atherosclerosis and HIV
Authors: Oliveira Mariana Silva , da Silva Torquato Bianca Gonçalves , Tsuji Simone Yumi , Aguiar Laura Sanches , Juliano Guilherme Ribeiro , da Silveira Luciano Alves Matias , Miranda Corrêa Rosana Rosa , Rocha Lenaldo Branco , da Fonseca Ferraz Mara Lúcia 
Published: November 2020

Background:Chronic infection by HIV evolves with a vascular inflammatory action causing endothelial dysfunction. The action of the virus, as well as the side effects of antiretroviral drugs, contribute to the progression of cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to evaluate the percentage of collagen fibers and the density of mast cells, chymase and tryptase, in aortas of patients with and without HIV, and also patients with and without atherosclerosis.Methods:Aortic fragments were obtained from autopsied patients aged 22-69 years and selected regardless of the cause of death or underlying disease. The samples were divided into four groups, (1) Group with HIV and with atherosclerosis; (2) Group with HIV and without atherosclerosis; (3) Group without HIV and with atherosclerosis; (4) Group without HIV and without atherosclerosis (Control). The percentage of collagen fibers was analyzed in the intima-media layer and the density of mast cells was analyzed in all aortic layers. Graphpad Prism 5.0® software was used for statistical analysis.Results:There were more collagen fibers in HIV patients, with or without atherosclerosis. The group with HIV and atherosclerosis presented a higher density of chymase and tryptase mast cells. The correlation between collagen fibers and age was negative in the non-HIV group and with atherosclerosis.Conclusion:The inflammatory process resulting from HIV infection may be relevant in the alteration of aortic collagen fibers and in triggering or accelerating atherosclerosis. The study is important because HIV patients have increased risks for the development of cardiovascular diseases, and follow-up is necessary to prevent such diseases.
A Rare Case of Ureteral Diverticulum Incidentally Detected During Angiography
Authors: Emekli Emre , Gündoğdu Elif , Özen Ata , Küçükay Fahrettin 
Published: November 2020

Background:
A ureteral diverticulum (UD) is a rare urological malformation characterized
by the saccular enlargement of the ureteral wall. It can be of different sizes and in various localizations.
In the literature, three types of UD have been defined as abortive bifid ureter, congenital,
and acquired.

Case Report:
In a 65-year-old male patient, an enlargement was incidentally detected in the distal
part of the right ureter on fluoroscopy during the passage of the contrast agent applied during angiography.
The medical history of the patient was not remarkable; thus, computed tomography (CT)
was performed to investigate the etiology. A dilated tubular structure separate from the ureter
was observed in the middle part of the right ureter on CT, clearer in the excision phase. This tubular
structure distally connected with the ureter and was consistent with the abortive bifid ureter
type of UD.

Discussion:
UD may present with renal colic, hematuria, and upper urinary tract infections, or it
may be asymptomatic as in our case. Asymptomatic cases are usually incidentally detected during
radiological imaging. Although treatment is not required for these patients, surgical treatment may
be required in the presence of symptoms.

Conclusion:
UD is an entity that can be asymptomatic until adulthood and may be detected incidentally in radiological
evaluations. UD should be kept in mind when the cystic lesion associated with the ureter is detected in radiological
examination. Excretory phase CT / CT urography noninvasive imaging method must be preferred in to evaluate the
relationship of the lesion with the ureter.
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized Via Green Tea Extract for Doxorubicin Delivery
Authors: Nie Lei , Cai Chenlei , Sun Meng , Zhang Fang , Zheng Lingyun , Peng Qi , Shavandi Amin , Yang Shoufeng 
Published: November 2020

Background::
Due to the limitation of conventional cancer treatment using chemotherapy,
the nanoparticle therapeutics have shown enhanced efficacy with alleviating side effects.

Objective::
The aim of this study was to prepare the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (TC-
SPION) for doxorubicin (DOX) loading and delivery.

Methods::
Here, we reported a simple green strategy to fabricate T-C-SPION using green tea extract
and citric acid. Also, the anti-cancer drug, DOX, was used as a model drug to fabricate DOX-loaded
nanoparticles.

Results::
The formed T-C-SPION nanoparticles were spherical with a diameter of 23.8 ± 0.8 nm, as
confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Besides, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS)
revealed that the prepared nanoparticles were water-dispersible and stable while stored in water for 6
weeks. The CCK-8 assay showed T-C-SPION to have a good cytocompatibility using different iron
concentrations (10 ~ 120 ug/mL). Furthermore, T-C-SPION had a higher DOX encapsulation efficiency
(Eencaps), around 43.2 ± 1.8 %, which resulted in a lagged release profile of DOX, compared to
other types of iron oxide nanoparticles using green tea or citric acid alone. Next, cell viability assay
indicated that T-C-SPION with a higher Eencaps showed superior and sustained cytotoxicity compared
to the control group.

Conclusion::
The developed iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized by green tea extract and citric acid
in this paper could be considered as a potential drug carrier for cancer therapy applications.
Output Tracking Performance of Active Exoskeleton Robot Using Sliding Mode Control
Authors: Suebsomran Anan 
Published: November 2020

Background::
Assistive exoskeleton robot is required to improve the control of exoskeleton
joints. The robust response of all joint controls is planned to improve the performance of joint tracking
control. Recent patents of an assistive exoskeleton robot concern to explore the system design and integration
have been used.

Objective::
To design and improve the control performance for gain more stability locomotion of exoskeleton device by using the Sliding Mode Control (SMC) technique, and to explore the recent patents of an assistive exoskeleton robots and methods.

Methods::
The recent patents of assistive exoskeleton robots currently investigate in this research. The trajectory generation of gait cycle is approximated using a polynomial equation of the ninth order in the curve fitting of the Human Clinical Gait Cycle (CGC) of lower limb joints. The position and velocity control along the gait cycle are controlled using SMC methods. The robust design of controller performance of position and velocity control for each joint is established via design simulation in three cases.

Results::
The output tracking performance of hip, knee, and ankle joint’s position and velocity shows the controller performance. Three cases of control design study are validated by simulation methods.

Conclusion::
The SMC controller significantly improves the motion control of exoskeleton robot, even with disturbance affecting the system. Thus, it is robust to external forces with humans in the loop system. A steepest command trajectory will cause a lower output tracking response and vice versa.
“Southwest Effect” – Decisions and Effects of Low Cost Carriers
Authors: Mertens Daniel P. , Vowles Timothy M. 
Published: November 2020

This paper reports the findings of an empirical study of low cost airlines. The investigation centers upon low cost strategies and organization structure of three airlines in the United States over a four year period. Results show that such strategic combinations are very influential on the entire market, resulting in increased sales for all carriers and a decrease in the average fare sold. Of particular note is the role that structure plays in low cost airlines that enables success as they continue growing and competing in new geographic markets.