bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recruiting ethnic minorities of African descent as blood donors through a systematic intervention development
Authors: Klinkenberg Elisabeth F. , Huis in ’t Veld Elisabeth M.J. , de Kort Wim L.A.M. , van Weert Julia C.M. , Fransen Mirjam P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesBlood donors of African descent are essential for the availability of specific antigen‐negative blood, yet past recruitment strategies yielded limited successes. The aim was to systematically develop an intervention to recruit African blood donors in the Netherlands, following the Intervention Mapping (IM) protocol.Materials and methodsBased on the previous needs‐assessment (Step 1), change objectives (Step 2) and practical strategies (Step 3) were developed, and further determined through eight interviews and two focus groups with blood bank staff and experts. The strategies were then translated into a magazine article pilot‐experiment (n = 16) as part of the programme production (Step 4). The magazine appraisal and intention‐change were studied of the target group and compared with a previously published magazine article and a control group in an online survey.ResultsImportant factors in the needs‐assessment related to donation awareness and knowledge and were also rated by staff and experts as most relevant and feasible determinants. The finalized objectives and strategies consisted of awareness raising and understanding how and where to donate blood. In the magazine pilot, the look and feel of the previously published article was higher valued, but the newly developed article’s content was higher rated. Reading the magazine articles increased donation intention as compared to the pre‐test and reference, but the increase did not differ between the articles.ConclusionIM helped to define intervention objectives and strategies and gave valuable insights in how to implement (step 5) and evaluate (step 6) a donor recruitment intervention.
Quantifying Uncertainty in Warhead Design: How Machining Uncertainty Affects Weight and Center of Mass
Authors: White R. D. , Fajardo Danny , Doolittle Craig 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this work, we explore how uncertainty in component dimensions affects final product tolerances for warheads. We focus on quantifying uncertainties arising from the machining process and examine how they influence the final weight and center of mass (COM). We begin by deriving analytical forms for the quantities of interest (QoI) based on the fundamentals of three-dimensional integration. The input parameter space is then characterized by assumed statistical distributions, determined by knowledge of the machining process. From here, a Monte Carlo (MC) approach is implemented using matlab's ndgrid to determine resulting distributions on the QoI. In doing so, we show the likelihood of meeting final product requirements, based on our knowledge of uncertainties in the warhead components. This technique is presented in a general form to provide a tool for quantifying uncertainty for warheads of varying geometries.
Inside the Belly of a Beast: Individualizing Nutrition for Young, Professional Male Rugby League Players: A Review
Authors: Kelly Vincent G. , Oliver Liam S. , Bowtell Joanna , Jenkins David G. 
Published: December 2020

Professional rugby league (RL) football is a contact sport involving repeated collisions and high-intensity efforts; both training and competition involve high energy expenditure. The present review summarizes and critiques the available literature relating the physiological demands of RL to nutritional requirements and considers potential ergogenic supplements that could improve players’ physical capacity, health, and recovery during the preparatory and competition phases of a season. Although there may not be enough data to provide RL-specific recommendations, the available data suggest that players may require approximately 6–8 g·kg−1·day−1 carbohydrate, 1.6–2.6 g·kg−1·day−1 protein, and 0.7–2.2 g·kg−1·day−1 fat, provided that the latter also falls within 20–35% of total energy intake. Competition nutrition should maximize glycogen availability by consuming 1–4 g/kg carbohydrate (∼80–320 g) plus 0.25 g/kg (∼20–30 g) protein, 1–4 hr preexercise for 80–120 kg players. Carbohydrate intakes of approximately 80–180 g (1.0–1.5 g/kg) plus 20–67 g protein (0.25–0.55 g/kg) 0–2 hr postexercise will optimize glycogen resynthesis and muscle protein synthesis. Supplements that potentially improve performance, recovery, and adaptation include low to moderate dosages of caffeine (3–6 mg/kg) and ∼300 mg polyphenols consumed ∼1 hr preexercise, creatine monohydrate “loading” (0.3 g·kg−1·day−1) and/or maintenance (3–5 g/day), and beta-alanine (65–80 mg·kg−1·day−1). Future research should quantify energy expenditures in young, professional male RL players before constructing recommendations.
Multimodal Assessment of the Motor System in Patients With Chronic Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Nazarova Maria , Kulikova Sofya , Piradov Michael A. , Limonova Alena S. , Dobrynina Larisa A. , Konovalov Rodion N. , Novikov Pavel A. , Sehm Bernhard , Villringer Arno , Saltykova Anastasia , Nikulin Vadim V. 
Published: December 2020

Background and Purpose:
Despite continuing efforts in the multimodal assessment of the motor system after stroke, conclusive findings on the complementarity of functional and structural metrics of the ipsilesional corticospinal tract integrity and the role of the contralesional hemisphere are still lacking. This research aimed to find the best combination of motor system metrics, allowing the classification of patients into 3 predefined groups of upper limb motor recovery.

Methods:
We enrolled 35 chronic ischemic stroke patients (mean 47 [26–66] years old, 29 [6–58] months poststroke) with a single supratentorial lesion and unilateral upper extremity weakness. Patients were divided into 3 groups, depending on upper limb motor recovery: good, moderate, and bad. Nonparametric statistical tests and regression analysis were used to investigate the relationships among microstructural (fractional anisotropy (FA) ratio of the corticospinal tracts at the internal capsule (IC) level (classic method) and along the length of the tracts (Fréchet distance), and of the corpus callosum) and functional (motor evoked potentials [MEPs] for 2 hand muscles) motor system metrics. Stratification rules were also tested using a decision tree classifier.

Results:
IC FA ratio in the IC and MEP absence were both equally discriminative of the bad motor outcome (96% accuracy). For the 3 recovery groups’ classification, the best parameter combination was IC FA ratio and the Fréchet distance between the contralesional and ipsilesional corticospinal tract FA profiles (91% accuracy). No other metrics had any additional value for patients’ classification. MEP presence differed for 2 investigated muscles.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates that better separation between 3 motor recovery groups may be achieved when considering the similarity between corticospinal tract FA profiles along its length in addition to region of interest-based assessment and lesion load calculation. Additionally, IC FA ratio and MEP absence are equally important markers for poor recovery, while for MEP probing it may be important to investigate more than one hand muscle.
Quantifying shape similarity between prey and uninteresting models to study animal masquerade
Authors: Xiao Fanrong , Bu Rongping , Shi Haitao 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Masquerade occurs when an organism resembles an inedible or uninteresting object (model), such as a leaf, stick, or stone. The shapes of many species are described as similar to those of models in their microhabitats, but these similarities have not been quantified effectively. To describe the shape similarity between an animal and a model, we applied a shape description method in a field study of the four-eyed turtle (Sacalia quadriocellata). Our results showed that shape similarity between turtles and stones in the Hezonggou River was significantly higher midstream than that upstream and downstream. In line with these findings, masquerade efficiency was highest for turtles in the midstream area, with both inexperienced and experienced human ‘predators’. Masquerade efficiency was positively correlated with shape similarity in all stream sections. Shape similarity ranged from 0 to 1, with <0.65 indicating low masquerade efficiency and >0.80 indicating high masquerade efficiency. Our quantitative method was able to provide data that could be used to form an ecologically plausible argument; thus, shape similarity can be used to assess animal’s masquerade efficiency. This method will be of considerable use in future animal masquerade research.
Reducing Language Barriers in Science for Students with Special Educational Needs
Authors: Boyle Susannah , Rizzo Karen L. , Taylor Jonte C. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
An increased focus on science instruction and science learning for students with special education needs has been growing over the past decade. Research studies, particularly meta-analyses focused on science for students with disabilities, show investigators are interested in what science strategies and approaches (e.g., graphic organizers, inquiry-based instruction,) work for students regardless of identified need (e.g., learning disabilities). However, researchers have noted that science instruction can often rely heavily on text and have burdensome reading demands that may cause students with disabilities to struggle. Research suggests that incorporating Universal Design for Learning (UDL), multimodal representation, the arts, and communicative technologies can reduce the language load for learning science content and phenomena for students with special education needs. The purpose of this paper is to provide resources and suggestions for reducing the language barriers in science for students with special education needs through the use of multimodal representation and communication technologies.
Greening the BRI in ASEAN
Authors: Baird Matthew , Thomas Brendon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Infrastructure projects, particularly investments in road, rail, and energy, can significantly impact ecological integrity and overall environmental quality. The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), given its focus on large-scale infrastructure and energy projects, poses significant threats to ecosystems in BRI member countries. These environmental and social risks can, however, be assessed and mitigated by using tools such as Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). Through examining the EIA process of a large-scale hydropower development project in Myanmar—the Myitsone dam project—the main aim of this article is to show why it is necessary to apply the concept of ecological civilization to Chinese foreign investment projects in Myanmar and other Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member countries. Analysis of the project’s EIA illustrates significant shortcomings for both the public participation process and the overall report’s ability to adhere to good practice and include the full extent of project impacts. Projects, such as this, that cause community conflict and environmental and social harm, do not fall within the stated ‘win-win-win’ objective of the BRI. The article concludes that, unlike the flawed Myitsone process, EIA combined with other requisite public participation processes associated with BRI projects have the potential to foster improved community relations and a green BRI that results in more equitable development in ASEAN. A series of significant opportunities to further green the BRI are identified.
A new species Ophichthus chennaiensis sp. nov. (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) from the southeast coast of India
Authors: DAS MRINAL KUMAR , MOHAPATRA ANIL , RAJENDAR KUMAR R. , BHASKAR RANJANA 
Published: December 2020

A new species of snake eel, Ophichthus chennaiensis sp. nov. (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae: Ophichthinae), is described on the basis of a specimen collected from dumped fish disposed of by bottom trawlers at Kasimedu fishing harbour, Chennai. Ophichthus chennaiensis sp. nov is distinguished from its congeners by having its dorsal-fin origin one pectoral-fin length behind the pectoral-fin tip, preanal length 2.4 in TL, biserial maxillary, uniserial mandibular teeth, biserial to uniserial vomerine teeth, and its vertebrae (predorsal 19, preanal 53, and total vertebrae 154).
Influence of the Pacific Meridional Mode on ENSO Evolution and Predictability: Asymmetric Modulation and Ocean Preconditioning
Authors: Fan Hanjie , Huang Bohua , Yang Song , Dong Wenjie 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the mechanisms behind the Pacific meridional mode (PMM) in influencing the development of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events and their seasonal predictability. To examine the relative importance of various factors that may modulate the efficiency of the PMM influence, a series of experiments is conducted for selected ENSO events with different intensity using the Community Earth System Model, in which ensemble predictions are made from slightly different ocean initial states but under a common prescribed PMM surface heat flux forcing. Overall, a PMM forcing matched to ENSO—that is, a positive or negative PMM prior to an El Niño or a La Niña, respectively—plays an enhancing role, whereas a mismatched PMM forcing plays a damping role. For the matched cases, a positive PMM event enhances an El Niño more strongly than a negative PMM event enhances a La Niña. This asymmetry in influencing ENSO largely originates from the asymmetry in intensity between the positive and negative PMM events in the tropics, which can be explained by the nonlinearity in the growth and equatorward propagation of the PMM-related anomalies of sea surface temperature (SST) and surface zonal wind through both wind–evaporation–SST feedback and summer deep convection response. Our model results also indicate that the PMM acts as a modulator rather than a trigger for the occurrence of ENSO event. Furthermore, the response of ENSO to an imposed PMM forcing is modulated by the preconditioning of the upper-ocean heat content, which provides the memory for the coupled low-frequency evolution in the tropical Pacific Ocean.
Future Changes in Tropical Cyclone Intensity and Frequency over the Western North Pacific Based on 20-km HiRAM and MRI Models
Authors: Hong Chi-Cherng , Tsou Chih-Hua , Hsu Pang-Chi , Chen Kuan-Chieh , Liang Hsin-Chien , Hsu Huang-Hsiung , Tu Chia-Ying , Kitoh Akio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe future changes in tropical cyclone (TC) intensity and frequency over the western North Pacific (WNP) under global warming remain uncertain. In this study, we investigated such changes using 20-km resolution HiRAM and Meteorological Research Institute (MRI) models, which can realistically simulate the TC activity in the present climate. We found that the mean intensity of TCs in the future (2075–99) would increase by approximately 15%, along with an eastward shift of TC genesis location in response to the El Niño–like warming. However, the lifetime of future TCs would be shortened because the TCs tend to have more poleward genesis locations and move faster due to a stronger steering flow related to the strengthened WNP subtropical high in a warmer climate. In other words, the enhancement of TC intensity in the future is not attributable to the duration of TC lifetime. To understand the processes responsible for the change in TC intensity in a warmer climate, we applied the budget equation of synoptic-scale eddy kinetic energy along the TC tracks in model simulations. The diagnostic results suggested that both the upper-level baroclinic energy conversion (CE) and lower-level barotropic energy conversion (CK) contribute to the intensified TCs under global warming. The increased CE results from the enhancement of TC-related perturbations of temperature and vertical velocity over the subtropical WNP, whereas the increased CK mainly comes from synoptic-scale eddies interacting with enhanced zonal-wind convergence associated with seasonal-mean and intraseasonal flows over Southeast China and the northwestern sector of WNP.
Predictors of Failure of Return to Play in Youth Baseball Players After Capitellar Osteochondritis Dissecans: Focus on Elbow Valgus Laxity and Radiocapitellar Congruity
Authors: Sakata Jun , Miyazaki Tetsuya , Akeda Masaki , Yamazaki Tetsuya 
Published: December 2020

Background: Osteochondritis dissecans of the humeral capitellum (capitellar OCD) is a common injury among youth baseball players, but there are only a few studies that report on return to play with nonoperative treatment. Purpose: To evaluate the medial elbow joint laxity under valgus stress and radiocapitellar congruity in patients with capitellar OCD and evaluate their relationship to predicting rehabilitation outcome. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Capitellar OCD was diagnosed in 81 patients included in our study. All patients were elementary school students who initially received rehabilitation treatment after injury. The rates of return to the same level of play or higher (RTSP) were calculated and correlated with the joint gap difference between the dominant and nondominant elbows using ultrasound and radiocapitellar congruity (proximal, lateral, and anterior radial translation length), which was assessed using plain radiographs of the dominant elbow. Results: The overall RTSP rates of patients with nonoperative treatment was 70.4% (57/81). The multivariate logistic regression analysis identified OCD classification (stage I, odds ratio [OR], 4.076; 95% CI, 1.171-14.190) and 1 continuous variable (proximal radial translation length on anteroposterior view, OR, 0.661; 95% CI, 0.479-0.911) as the significant predictive factors for outcome after nonoperative treatment. Conclusion: The early stage of capitellar OCD in youth baseball players can be successfully treated nonoperatively in the majority of cases. The presence of proximal radial translation can predict the outcome of nonoperative management of capitellar OCD.
Fever in the ICU: A Predictor of Mortality in Mechanically Ventilated COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Choron Rachel L. , Butts Christopher A. , Bargoud Christopher , Krumrei Nicole J. , Teichman Amanda L. , Schroeder Mary E. , Bover Manderski Michelle T. , Cai Jenny , Song Cherry , Rodricks Michael B. , Lissauer Matthew , Gupta Rajan 
Published: December 2020

Purpose: While fever may be a presenting symptom of COVID-19, fever at hospital admission has not been identified as a predictor of mortality. However, hyperthermia during critical illness among ventilated COVID-19 patients in the ICU has not yet been studied. We sought to determine mortality predictors among ventilated COVID-19 ICU patients and we hypothesized that fever in the ICU is predictive of mortality. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 103 ventilated COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU between March 14 and May 27, 2020. Final follow-up was June 5, 2020. Patients discharged from the ICU or who died were included. Patients still admitted to the ICU at final follow-up were excluded. Results: 103 patients were included, 40 survived and 63(61.1%) died. Deceased patients were older {66 years[IQR18] vs 62.5[IQR10], ( p = 0.0237)}, more often male {48(68%) vs 22(55%), ( p = 0.0247)}, had lower initial oxygen saturation {86.0%[IQR18] vs 91.5%[IQR11.5], ( p = 0.0060)}, and had lower pH nadir than survivors {7.10[IQR0.2] vs 7.30[IQR0.2] ( p < 0.0001)}. Patients had higher peak temperatures during ICU stay as compared to hospital presentation {103.3°F[IQR1.7] vs 100.0°F[IQR3.5], ( p < 0.0001)}. Deceased patients had higher peak ICU temperatures than survivors {103.6°F[IQR2.0] vs 102.9°F[IQR1.4], ( p = 0.0008)}. Increasing peak temperatures were linearly associated with mortality. Febrile patients who underwent targeted temperature management to achieve normothermia did not have different outcomes than those not actively cooled. Multivariable analysis revealed 60% and 75% higher risk of mortality with peak temperature greater than 103°F and 104°F respectively; it also confirmed hyperthermia, age, male sex, and acidosis to be predictors of mortality. Conclusions: This is one of the first studies to identify ICU hyperthermia as predictive of mortality in ventilated COVID-19 patients. Additional predictors included male sex, age, and acidosis. With COVID-19 cases increasing, identification of ICU mortality predictors is crucial to improve risk stratification, resource management, and patient outcomes.
Integrative Nursing and Omaha System–Based Nursing Care Interventions in Older Women Feeling Loneliness (INOSEL): Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: ilgaz Ayşegül , gözüm Sebahat 
Published: December 2020

Purpose: This article presents the planned protocol for a study that investigates the effects of nursing care interventions based on Integrative Nursing (IN) and the Omaha System. The Omaha System is a nursing classification system focused on holistic care and used in determining nursing diagnoses and applying and evaluating interventions. Design: This study protocol describes a randomized controlled trial with a parallel group design. Method: Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) Statement 2013 checklist is used in this study. The CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) flowchart is used in this protocol. After the level of loneliness of older women is determined by the Loneliness Scale for the Elderly in a family health center, women with high levels of loneliness will be randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. Nursing care interventions consist of group-based (sightseeing, picnics, theater, cinema, group education, and charity activities) and person-centered interventions, according to IN and the Omaha System, for 12 weeks. Conclusions: This protocol will test the effectiveness of nursing care interventions that include a comprehensive (physical, psychological, social, and spiritual) evaluation. The results will help contribute to the provision of care in terms of IN and the Omaha System and guide health professionals and researchers.
Using an Intake Form and Clinic Dashboard to Tailor and Improve the Cleft Team Clinic Visit for Families
Authors: Pfeifauf Kristin D. , Snyder-Warwick Alison K. , Scheve Sibyl , Grellner Cheryl L. , Skolnick Gary B. , Naidoo Sybill D. , Patel Kamlesh B. 
Published: December 2020

Background: Multidisciplinary cleft care protocols commonly do not incorporate family needs, concerns, and preferences. Solution: A family-centered model would incorporate family needs, concerns, and preferences with a view toward lessening burden of care while achieving outcomes important to families. What We Do: Our Intake Form helps us adapt visits to better meet families’ needs, and our Dashboard enables Team Coordinators to direct efficient patient flows, lessening wait times and care burden.