bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low NOX1 expression in the cytoplasm of GISTs correlates with poor prognosis
Authors: Wang Wei , You Wenjun , Huang Fang , He Xin , Yuan Ao , Zhu Huijun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Aim To investigate the protein expression and biological significance of NADPH oxidase l (NOX1) on the growth of human gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), and to test the correlation between NOX1 expression level and patient prognosis.Methods We collected surgical specimens from a series of 146 GIST patients and used immunohistochemistry (IHC) coupled with a GIST tissue microarray to assess the expression pattern of NOXl in GIST. NOX1 mRNA expression in GIST was subsequently confirmed using the online database Oncomine.Results There was a significance association with mitotic index (χ2 = 9.476, p = 0.009) and tumor grade (χ2 = 11.392, p =0.010) in GIST cells with low cytoplasmic NOX1 cytoplasm staining, which comprised 78 of 146 (53.42%) of GIST samples. Univariate analysis showed that overall survival (OS) rate of GIST patients correlated positively with their NOX1 expression level (c2=2.429, p=0.014), tumor diameter (c2=2.048, p=0.004), mitotic index (c2=2.665, p<0.001), and grade (c2=3.162, p=0.001). Moreover, multivariate analyses demonstrated that low cytoplasm expression of NOX1 (c2=2.144, p=0.046) and mitotic index (c2=2.513, p=0.001) had striking effects on OS. Kaplan-Meier survival plots confirmed that patients with low cytoplasmic NOX1 expression and higher mitotic index had an unfavorable prognosis.Conclusion The present study unveils that cytoplasmic NOX1 cytoplasm expression and mitotic index is associated with the development of GIST, in support of NOX1-based gene therapy in treating GIST.
Percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy ameliorates postoperative reactive pain in patients with lumbar disc herniation
Authors: LI JUN , LI YANG , Wang Deguo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Approximately one-third patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH) who accepted traditional discectomy presented with reactive pain few days after operation, and this reactive pain affected short-term clinical outcomes and postoperative early functional exercise. Recent studies demonstrated that this reactive pain may be ascribed to the increased release of inflammatory mediators caused by surgical trauma. Percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED), one of the minimal invasive spinal surgical techniques, was demonstrated to be obviously associated with less soft tissue trauma. The aim of this study is to investigate the postoperative reactive pain in LDH patients undergoing PTED compared with open discectomy. Material and methods: This study included 72 patients (PTED vs. open discectomy: 41 vs. 31), and the incidence of reactive pain, as well as both the extent and duration of reactive pain, were evaluated in both patient groups. Furthermore, inflammation related markers in both blood and drainage fluid samples, including white blood cell (WBC) count, C-reactive protein (CRP), creatine kinase (CK), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β, were tested before and/or after operation. Results: Compared with open discectomy, patients undergoing PTED showed lower CK and IL-6 in blood samples, as well as lower IL-6 and IL-1β in drainage fluid samples. Significantly greater number of patients undergoing open discectomy showed reactive pain compared to those undergoing PTED (13/31, 41.9% vs. 7/41, 17.0%; P < 0.05), and the duration of reactive pain is mildly longer in the former (P < 0.05). In both patient groups, the patients with reactive pain showed increased IL-6 and IL-1β in drainage fluid samples, as well as increased IL-6 in blood samples (P < 0.05), and there is significant correlation between the inflammation markers in drainage fluid and both duration and extent of reactive pain in both patient groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Local inflammatory substance accumulation may be potential cause for postoperative reactive pain, and PTED may effectively reduce the local inflammatory substances accumulation at the surgical site and reduce the risk of reactive pain.
Obesity Measures and Definitions of Sarcopenic Obesity in Singaporean Adults – the Yishun Study
Authors: Pang Benedict Wei Jun , Wee Shiou Liang , Lau Lay Khoon , Jabbar Khalid Abdul , Seah Wei Ting , Ng Daniella Hui Min , Tan Queenie Lin Ling , Chen Kenneth Kexun , Jagadish Mallya Ullal , Ng Tze Pin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity (SO) and its effect on functional disability is of particular concern. Due to the lack of a uniform obesity definition, there is marked variability in reported SO prevalence and inconsistent data on observed adverse health outcomes.Objectives: We compare SO prevalence and the associations of SO with physical function using sarcopenia according to current AWGS guidelines with different obesity measures. We recommend that the most optimal SO diagnostic formulation would be one that is most significantly associated with reduced physical function.Design: 542 healthy, community-dwelling Singaporeans were recruited (21-90 years old, 57.9% women). We assessed anthropometry, body composition, and questionnaire-based physical and cognitive factors, and estimated SO prevalence with obesity defined according to waist circumference (WC), percentage body fat (PBF), fat mass index (FMI) and fat mass/fat-free mass ratio (FM/FFM). Muscle function was compared among phenotypes and obesity definitions using ANOVA. Differences across obesity measures were further ascertained using multiple linear regressions to determine their associations with the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB).Results: Overall prevalence of SO was 7.6% (WC-based), 5.1% (PBF-based), 2.7% (FMI-based), and 1.5% (FM/FFM-based). The SO phenotype consistently performed poorer than the obese group (p<.05) except for FM/FFM-based measure, and performed poorer than the sarcopenic group in SPPB (p<.05) only in the PBF and FMI-based measures. SO was significantly associated with SPPB only in the FMI and FM/FFM models (p<.05).Conclusions: Our findings suggest FMI as the most preferred measure for obesity and support its use as a diagnostic criteria for sarcopenic obesity.
Evaluation of Health Status of Children with Autoinflammatory Diseases During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Haslak Fatih , Yildiz Mehmet , Adrovic Amra , Sahin Sezgin , Koker Oya , Aliyeva Ayten , Barut Kenan , Kasapcopur Ozgur 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Since concerns have been raised that comorbidity is a significant risk factor for Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), there is an urgent need to perform studies which evaluate patients with chronic diseases such as autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs). We prepared a web-based survey investigating the clinical findings and contagion histories. Patients with AIDs, were included in the study. Confirmed COVID-19 cases, patients with contact history and patients with symptoms which were highly suggestive of COVID-19 were called via phone or recruited to a video or face to face appointment. Data of AIDs were obtained from their medical records, retrospectively. Laboratory and screening findings were confirmed by using our national health registry website and they were re-examined, if required. There were 404 patients (217 female) eligible for the enrollment. During pandemic, 375 (93%) were on colchicine treatment, and 48 (11.8%) were receiving biologic treatment. 24 out of 404 patients had admission to hospital due to COVID-19 suspicion. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were identified through rhino-pharyngeal swabs in 7 patients, 6 of whom were only on colchicine treatment. Only one patient with no finding of any severe respiratory complications has been hospitalized. All of them recovered completely. Among patients on biologic drugs, neither a symptom nor a positive polymerase chain reaction test was detected that would have been suggestive of COVID-19. In conclusion, pediatric patients with AIDs, those receive either biologic treatment or colchicine may not be at increased risk for either being infected or having worse disease course.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteomic Changes in Older Non-Cardiac Surgical Patients with Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction
Authors: VanDusen Keith W. , Qi Wenjing , Li Yi-ju , Cai Victor , Hall Ashley , Hiles Sarah , Thompson J. Will , Mosely M. Arthur , Hu Jessica , Cooter Mary , Acker Leah , Levy Jerrold H. , Ghadimi Kamrouz , Quiñones Quintin J. , Devinney Michael J. , Terrando Niccolò , Moretti Eugene W. , Browndyke Jeffrey N. , Mathew Joseph P. , Berger Miles 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a syndrome of cognitive deficits that occurs in 10-40% of patients age > 60 within 1-12 months after surgery, hypothesized to be caused in part by neuroinflammation. However, the specific neuroinflammatory pathways involved remain unclear. Unbiased mass spectrometry-based proteomic analyses have been used to identify neuro-inflammatory pathways in multiple neurologic diseases and syndromes but have not yet been used in the POCD field. Thus, we used unbiased mass spectrometry-based proteomics to compare cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with and without POCD to identify potential neuroinflammatory pathways for further investigation in future studies. Methods: We performed unbiased LC-MS/MS proteomics on immunodepleted CSF samples obtained before, 24 hours, and 6 weeks after major non-cardiac surgery in older adults who developed (n=8) or did not develop POCD (n=6). General linear mixed models were used to identify peptides and proteins with intensity differences between groups or over time by groups. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis was used to identify pathways containing proteins/peptides with q values < 0.25 in the mixed model. Results: Mass spectrometry quantified 8258 peptides from 1222 proteins in >50% of patient samples at all three time points. Twelve peptides from 11 proteins showed differences in expression over time between groups (POCD vs non-POCD) at q < 0.05, including several from proteins previously implicated in neurodegenerative disease pathophysiology. Additionally, 283 peptides from 182 proteins were identified with trend-level differences (q < 0.25) in expression over time between these patient groups. Of these 283 peptides with trend-level significance, pathway analysis revealed that 50 of them were from 17 proteins that mapped to the complement and coagulation pathways (q=2.44*10-13).Conclusions: These data demonstrate the feasibility of performing unbiased mass spectrometry on perioperative CSF samples to identify peptides, proteins, and pathways associated with POCD. Additionally, they provide hypothesis-generating evidence for CSF complement and coagulation pathway changes in patients with POCD.
HIF-1α and HIF-2α Mediated PARVB Expression Promotes Tumor Growth and Metastasis in Malignantmelanoma
Authors: Wang Ting , Wu Zhiqiang , Bi Yifeng , Sun Haitao , Wu Zhipeng , Wang Yao , Yan Wangjun , Wei Haifeng , Wang Chunmeng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BackgroundMalignant melanoma is the leading cause of skin cancer-related death. The role of PARVB in malignant melanoma remains unclear. Hypoxia is a hallmark of solid tumors including melanoma. But the regulation role of hypoxia in PARVB expression has not been reported.MethodsHuman malignant melanoma tissues, cell lines and their controls were collected. IHC staining, qRT-PCR and Western blot were performed to reveal the differential PARVB expression. The role of PARVB in tumor growth and metastasis of malignant melanoma was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The regulation role and mechanism of hypoxia and HIFs in PARVB expression was validated by qRT-PCR, Western blot, ChIP-PCR and Luciferase reporter assays.ResultsPARVB was upregulated in malignant melanoma and correlated with patient survival. OverexpressionofPARVB promoted tumor growth and metastasis of malignant melanoma. Furthermore, hypoxia induced HIF-1α and HIF-2α expression activated PARVB transcription and expression through binding to the specific hypoxia-responsive element (HRE) in the promoter region of PARVB.ConclusionsIn malignant melanoma, Hypoxia induced HIF-1α and HIF-2α expression could directly activate PARVB expression, which further promoted tumor growth and metastasis, inducing poor prognosis. These results indicated that PARVB might be a potential therapeutic target for malignant melanoma.
Experimental and Numerical Study of Internal Gear Manufacturing by Flowforming Processand Investigation of Effective Parameters on Teeth Height
Authors: Khodadadi Majid , Khalili Khalil , Ashrafi Amir 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Manufacturing of internal gears using flowforming process is a difficult to achieve but very interesting process in which the gear may be produced without the need for high forming forces and the need for high cost tooling. In this study, manufacturing of internal gears using flowforming process is studied. The process was numerically analyzed and simulated. Several controlled test were performed to evaluate the validity of simulation.A comparison ofsimulation and experimental results indicates pretty good agreement between these results. Once thesimulationis verified,theeffects of roller diameter, thickness reduction percentage, feed rateand attack angle on teeth height wereobtained using design of experiments (DOE) procedure.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Dapagliflozin Ester Prodrugs with Improved Hygroscopicity and Thermal Stability
Authors: Sung Si Young , Chae Yu Na , Lee Dae Young , Kim Kyeong Min , Kim Eun Jung , Han Ji Hye , Kim Wook , Yoon Sung-Hwa 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Dapagliflozin, developed as an SGLT-2 inhibitor, has a low melting point
and high hygroscopicity, which needs extreme care during pharmaceutical production to keep the
active pharmacological property. Various attempts have been made to overcome these problematic
properties.

Objectives:
To develop dapagliflozin prodrugs that have similar pharmacological effects with improved
hygroscopicity and thermal stability.

Methods:
The novel dapagliflozin ester prodrugs containing pharmaceutically acceptable moieties
were synthesized and their pharmacokinetics (PK) and physical properties were compared with
dapagliflozin propanediol hydrate (DPD, Farxiga®). The PK in dog and rat, in vitro stability, hygroscopicity,
and physical property studies in accelerated conditions (40°C, 75% RH) were performed
with prodrugs.

Results and Discussion:
Among the eight synthesized prodrugs, Cmax and AUC0-48h values of prodrug
8b (1.35 μg/ml and 14.78 μg·h/ml, respectively) were similar to those of DPD (1.67 μg/ml and
14.27 μg·h/ml, respectively). However, the rest of the prodrugs 8a, 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f, 8g and 8h showed
significantly lower Cmax and AUC0-48h values than DPD. Prodrug 8b completely converted into parent
drug in the body.

Conclusion:
The novel prodrug 8b exhibited comparative PK profile to that of DPD, but with low
hygroscopic property and better thermal stability than DPD.
Peningkatan kemampuan berbahasa melalui metode berkomunikasi dengan gambar pada anak usia pra sekolah dengan ciri Gangguan Pemusatan Perhatian dan Hiperaktivitas
Authors: Fatwikiningsih Nur 
Published: June 2020

Gangguan Pemusatan Perhatian dan Hiperaktivitas (GPPH) mempunyai karakteristik menetap berupa kurangnya kemampuan konsentrasi serta perilaku hiperaktivitas dan impulsif. Anak usia pra sekolah dengan ciri GPPH sub tipe kurang konsentrasi mengalami hambatan dalam perkembangan bahasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode berkomunikasi dengan gambar (MBDG) terhadap peningkatan kemampuan berbahasa anak usia pra sekolah dengan ciri GPPH sub tipe kurang konsentrasi. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan pretest postest control group design. Subjek penelitian adalah anak pra sekolah usia 34-38 bulan dengan ciri GPPH subtipe kurang konsentrasi, jumlah kelompok kontrol dan eksperimen masing-masing 10 anak. Alat ukur untuk mengukur kemampuan berbahasa adalah alat tes kemampuan berbahasa anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa subjek eksperimen yang mendapatkan intervensi MBDG mengalami peningkatan kemampuan berbahasa reseptif dan ekspresif yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan subjek kontrol (nilai t reseptif = 13.670, p < 0.05 dan nilai t ekspresif= 6.112, p < 0.05). Kata kunci: GPPH, MBDG, kemampuan berbahasa, anak, kurang konsentrasi
Formulation Development and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Oral Film of Midodrine Hydrochloride
Authors: Marskole Aashish , Ghatuary Sailesh Kumar , Parwari Abhishek , Parkhe Geeta 
Published: June 2020

Oral fast dissolving midodrine hydrochloride films prepared by solvent casting method, PEG 400 was the selected plasticizers, incorporating superdisintegrants such as croscarmellose sodium (CCS) and sodium starch glycolate (SSG) to achieve the goal. Drug content, weight variability, film thickness, disintegration time, endurance, percentage of moisture content, and in vitro dissolution tests were analyzed for the prepared films. In all formulations, the tensile strength value was found from 0.965±0.045 and 1.256±0.032 and the folding capacity was over 100. The assay values ranged from 97.98±0.25 to 99.89±0.36 percent for all formulations. The disintegration time was ranging between 55±9 to 120±6 sec, the minimum time for disintegration was found in formulation F5 (55±9). The prepared F5 formulation shows greater release of the drug (99.25±0.41 percent) within 15 min relative to other formulations. As the drug having low solubility, fast disintegration may leads to more drug availability for dissolution, resulting in faster absorption in systemic circulation increased systemic availability of drug leads to quick onset of action which is prerequisite for hypertension.
Keywords: Midodrine hydrochloride, Fast dissolving films, Solvent casting method, Superdisintegrants.
Intubação Submentoniana: Quando indicar? – Revisão de literatura
Authors: Dos Santos Pinheiro Laryssa 
Published: June 2020

A intubação submentoniana (ISM), é uma derivação da intubação orotraqueal sem que o tubo passe pela oclusão dentária e lábios do paciente, tendo sua maior indicação a possibilidade da realização da ventilação mecânica do paciente durante um procedimento sob anestesia geral, sem que o tubo atrapalhe as manobras cirúrgicas que exijam um bloqueio maxilo-mandibular transoperatório associado à manipulação da região naso-órbito-etmoidal, evitando assim,a necessidade de uma traqueostomia eletiva. O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre a ISM, abordando suas indicações, contraindicações, vantagens e desvantagens na realização desta técnica. Onde apesar de simples, é fundamental que o profissional tenha o domínio da anatomia óssea e neurovascular da região e do exato posicionamento das glândulas sublinguais, submandibulares e seus ductos, a fim de evitar complicações trans e pós-operatórias imediatas ou tardias. Essa técnica é extremamente bem indicada para facilitar o tratamento cirúrgico de pacientes portadores de múltiplas fraturas da face, reduzindo riscos de complicações graves durante o manejo das vias aéreas pelo médico anestesiologista, sendo de realização rápida, segura e de baixa morbidade.Palavras-chave: intubação submentoniana, intubação endotraqueal, trauma de face.AbstractA submental intubation (ISM) is a derivation of orotracheal intubation without a tube or passes through the patient's dental occlusion and lips, with its greatest indication being the possibility of performing the patient's mechanical technique during the procedure under general anesthesia, without a tube disturbing maneuvers surgical procedures that require a maxillomandibular transoperative block associated with manipulation of the naso-abortion-ethmoidal region, thus avoiding the need for an elective tracheostomy. The objective of this work is to carry out a literature review on ISM, addressing its indications, contraindications, advantages and advantages in carrying out this technique. Where, although simple, it is essential that the professional has mastery of the bone and neurovascular anatomy of the region and the exact level of the sublingual, submandibular glands and their ducts, an end to prevent overflow and immediate or late postoperative. This technique is extremely well indicated to facilitate the surgical treatment of patients with multiple facial fractures, risks of serious complications during the management of the airways by the anesthesiologist, being fast and safe and safe and with low morbidity. Keywords: submental intubation, endotracheal intubation, face trauma.
Maahanmuuttokeskustelun retoriikkaa
Authors: Lahti Emmi 
Published: June 2020

Emmi Lahden suomen kielen alaan kuuluva väitöskirja tarkastettiin Helsingin ylipistossa torstaina 19. joulukuuta 2019. Vastaväittäjänä toimi dosentti Olli Löytty Turun yliopistosta ja kustoksena professori Tiina Onikki-Rantajääskö.
Emmi Lahti: Maahanmuuttokeskustelun retoriikkaa. Helsinki: Helsingin yliopisto 2019. Väitöskirja on luettavissa osoitteessa http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-951-51-5707-2
HOW STUDENTS DEFINE THEIR SUCCESS: A RESEARCH STUDY
Authors: Ullrich Max , Strong David S. 
Published: June 2020

How undergraduate engineering students define their success and plan for their future differs notably amongst students. With a push for greater diversity and inclusion in engineering schools, it is valuable to also better understand the differences in these areas among different students to allow institutions to better serve the needs of these diverse groups. The purpose of this research study is to explore students’ definition of success both in the present and projecting forward 5 to 10 years, as well as to understand to what level students reflect on, and plan for, the future. The proposed survey instrument for the pilot stage of this research includes 56 closed-ended questions and 3 open-ended questions. Evidence for the validity of the research instrument is established through a mixed-method pilot study. This paper will discuss the survey instrument, the pilot study, and outline plans for the full study.