bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Citizen science in the marine environment: estimating common dolphin densities in the north-east Atlantic
Authors: Robbins James R. , Babey Lucy , Embling Clare B. 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundCitizen science is increasingly popular and has the potential to collect extensive datasets at lower costs than traditional surveys conducted by professional scientists. Ferries have been used to collect data on cetacean populations for decades, providing long-term time series for monitoring of cetacean populations. One cetacean species of concern is the common dolphin, which has been found stranded around the north-east Atlantic in recent years, with high numbers on French coasts being attributed to fisheries bycatch. We estimate common dolphin densities in the north-east Atlantic and investigate the ability of citizen science data to identify changes in marine mammal densities and areas of importance.Materials and MethodsData were collected by citizen scientists on ferries between April and October in 2006–2017. Common dolphin sightings data from two ferry routes across three regions, Bay of Biscay (n= 569); south-west United Kingdom to the Isles of Scilly in the Celtic Sea (n= 260); and English Channel (n= 75), were used to estimate density across ferry routes. Two-stage Density Surface Models accounted for imperfect detection, and tested the influence of environmental (chlorophylla, sea surface temperature, depth, and slope), spatial (latitude and longitude) and temporal terms (year and Julian day) on occurrence.ResultsOverall detection probability was highest in the areas sampled within the English Channel (0.384) and Bay of Biscay (0.348), and lowest on the Scilly’s route (0.158). Common dolphins were estimated to occur in higher densities on the Scilly’s route (0.400 per km2) and the Bay of Biscay (0.319 per km2), with low densities in the English Channel (0.025 per km2). Densities on the Scilly’s route appear to have been relatively stable since 2006 with a slight decrease in 2017. Densities peaked in the Bay of Biscay in 2013 with lower numbers since. Densities in the English Channel appear to have increased over time since 2009.DiscussionThis study highlights the effectiveness of citizen science data to investigate the distribution and density of cetaceans. The densities and temporal changes shown by this study are representative of those from wider-ranging robust estimates. We highlight the ability of citizen science to collect data over extensive periods of time which complements dedicated, designed surveys. Such long-term data are important to identify changes within a population; however, citizen science data may, in some situations, present challenges. We provide recommendations to ensure high-quality data which can be used to inform management and conservation of cetacean populations.
Physical Double‐Network Hydrogel Adhesives with Rapid Shape Adaptability, Fast Self‐Healing, Antioxidant and NIR/pH Stimulus‐Responsiveness for Multidrug‐Resistant Bacterial Infection and Removable Wound Dressing
Authors: Zhao Xin , Liang Yongping , Huang Ying , He Jiahui , Han Yong , Guo Baolin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDeveloping physical double‐network (DN) removable hydrogel adhesives with both high healing efficiency and photothermal antibacterial activities to cope with multidrug‐resistant bacterial infection, wound closure, and wound healing remains an ongoing challenge. An injectable physical DN self‐healing hydrogel adhesive under physiological conditions is designed to treat multidrug‐resistant bacteria infection and full‐thickness skin incision/defect repair. The hydrogel adhesive consists of catechol–Fe3+ coordination cross‐linked poly(glycerol sebacate)‐co‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐g‐catechol and quadruple hydrogen bonding cross‐linked ureido‐pyrimidinone modified gelatin. It possesses excellent anti‐oxidation, NIR/pH responsiveness, and shape adaptation. Additionally, the hydrogel presents rapid self‐healing, good tissue adhesion, degradability, photothermal antibacterial activity, and NIR irradiation and/or acidic solution washing‐assisted removability. In vivo experiments prove that the hydrogels have good hemostasis of skin trauma and high killing ratio for methicillin‐resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and achieve better wound closure and healing of skin incision than medical glue and surgical suture. In particular, they can significantly promote full‐thickness skin defect wound healing by regulating inflammation, accelerating collagen deposition, promoting granulation tissue formation, and vascularization. These on‐demand dissolvable and antioxidant physical double‐network hydrogel adhesives are excellent multifunctional dressings for treating in vivo MRSA infection, wound closure, and wound healing.
Efficient Energy Funneling in Quasi‐2D Perovskites: From Light Emission to Lasing
Authors: Lei Lei , Seyitliyev Dovletgeldi , Stuard Samuel , Mendes Juliana , Dong Qi , Fu Xiangyu , Chen Yi‐An , He Siliang , Yi Xueping , Zhu Liping , Chang Chih‐Hao , Ade Harald , Gundogdu Kenan , So Franky 
Published: February 2020

AbstractQuasi‐2D Ruddlesden–Popper halide perovskites with a large exciton binding energy, self‐assembled quantum wells, and high quantum yield draw attention for optoelectronic device applications. Thin films of these quasi‐2D perovskites consist of a mixture of domains having different dimensionality, allowing energy funneling from lower‐dimensional nanosheets (high‐bandgap domains) to 3D nanocrystals (low‐bandgap domains). High‐quality quasi‐2D perovskite (PEA)2(FA)3Pb4Br13 films are fabricated by solution engineering. Grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering measurements are conducted to study the crystal orientation, and transient absorption spectroscopy measurements are conducted to study the charge‐carrier dynamics. These data show that highly oriented 2D crystal films have a faster energy transfer from the high‐bandgap domains to the low‐bandgap domains (<0.5 ps) compared to the randomly oriented films. High‐performance light‐emitting diodes can be realized with these highly oriented 2D films. Finally, amplified spontaneous emission with a low threshold 4.16 µJ cm−2 is achieved and distributed feedback lasers are also demonstrated. These results show that it is important to control the morphology of the quasi‐2D films to achieve efficient energy transfer, which is a critical requirement for light‐emitting devices.
Unraveling the Microstructure‐Related Device Stability for Polymer Solar Cells Based on Nonfullerene Small‐Molecular Acceptors
Authors: Du Xiaoyan , Heumueller Thomas , Gruber Wolfgang , Almora Osbel , Classen Andrej , Qu Jianfei , He Feng , Unruh Tobias , Li Ning , Brabec Christoph J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAs the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs) has surpassed the 17% baseline, the long‐term stability of highly efficient OSCs is essential for the practical application of this photovoltaic technology. Here, the photostability and possible degradation mechanisms of three state‐of‐the‐art polymer donors with a commonly used nonfullerene acceptor (NFA), IT‐4F, are investigated. The active‐layer materials show excellent intrinsic photostability. The initial morphology, in particular the mixed region, causes degradation predominantly in the fill factor (FF) under illumination. Electron traps are formed due to the reorganization of polymers and diffusion‐limited aggregation of NFAs to assemble small isolated acceptor domains under illumination. These electron traps lead to losses mainly in FF, which is in contradistinction to the degradation mechanisms observed for fullerene‐based OSCs. Control of the composition of NFAs close to the thermodynamic equilibrium limit while keeping adequate electron percolation and improving the initial polymer and NFA ordering are of the essence to stabilize the FF in NFA‐based solar cells, which may be the key tactics to develop next‐generation OSCs with high efficiency as well as excellent stability.
Flexible Interface Design for Stress Regulation of a Silicon Anode toward Highly Stable Dual‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jiang Chunlei , Xiang Lei , Miao Shijie , Shi Lei , Xie Donghao , Yan Jiaxiao , Zheng Zijian , Zhang Xiaoming , Tang Yongbing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDual‐ion batteries (DIBs) have attracted increasing attention due to their high working voltage, low cost, and environmental friendliness, yet their development is hindered by their limited energy density. Pairing silicon—a most promising anode due to its highest theoretical capacity (4200 mAh g−1)—with a graphite cathode is a feasible strategy to address the challenge. Nevertheless, the cycling stability of silicon is unsatisfactory due to the loss of electrical contact resulting from the high interface stress when using rigid current collectors. In this work, a flexible interface design to regulate the stress distribution is proposed, via the construction of a silicon anode on a soft nylon fabric modified with a conductive Cu–Ni transition layer, which endows the silicon electrode with remarkable flexibility and stability over 50 000 bends. Assembly of the flexible silicon anode with an expanded graphite cathode yields a silicon–graphite DIB (SGDIB), which possesses record‐breaking rate performance (up to 150 C) and cycling stability over 2000 cycles at 10 C with a capacity retention of 97%. Moreover, the SGDIB shows a high capacity retention of ≈84% after 1500 bends and a low self‐discharging voltage loss of 0.0015% per bend after 10 000 bends, suggesting high potential for high‐performance flexible energy‐storage applications.
Partially Controlling Molecular Packing to Achieve Off–On Mechanochromism through Ingenious Molecular Design
Authors: Gong Yanbin , He Siyu , Li Yonggang , Li Zhixiang , Liao Qiuyan , Gu Yarong , Wang Jiaqiang , Zou Bo , Li Qianqian , Li Zhen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe control of molecular packing at the molecular design stage is significant but challenging. Herein, a strategy is provided to regulate the molecular packing of pyrene derivatives based on steric and electronic effects. Two tertiary butyl groups are introduced as isolation groups to enlarge the intermolecular distance to accommodate the tendency of monomer‐like packing. By increasing the electron‐withdrawing ability of substituents, tunable and tighter packing motifs can be realized owing to the decreasing electron density of the pyrene ring. Accordingly, coupled with quenched emissions in monomer‐like packing and bright emissions in dimer‐like packing, compound 4‐(2,7‐di‐tert‐butylpyren‐4‐yl)benzaldehyde (PPCHO) shows an off–on mechanochromism with high performance (contrast ratio reaching 400 compared with the normal figure of <100), demonstrating the power of molecular design. Encryption based on the unique off–on mechanochromism characteristic of PPCHO demonstrates good sensitivity and reversibility.
Organic Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials for Time‐Resolved Luminescence Imaging and Sensing
Authors: Ni Fan , Li Nengquan , Zhan Lisi , Yang Chuluo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAs one of the most attractive purely organic luminescent materials, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) luminophores have drawn wide attention in the last decade. The long‐lived delayed fluorescence resulting from the reverse intersystem crossing from excited triplet state (T1) to excited singlet state (S1) in the TADF luminophores gives rise to long lifetimes ranging from nanoseconds to milliseconds, which offers a new strategy for time‐resolved luminescence imaging (TRLI) and sensing. However, the sensitivity of the T1 state in TADF luminophores to triplet oxygen remains a significant challenge for their application. This progress report summarizes the recent developments of efficient purely organic TADF luminophores and novel aggregation‐induced delayed fluorescence (AIDF) luminophores for TRLI and sensing in vitro and in vivo. The molecular design strategies, photophysical properties of the luminophores, and their application in specific imaging and sensing within the time domain are presented. Newly emerged organic materials with AIDF behavior open a new door for developing long‐lived emitters for high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) imaging and sensing in the oxygenic atmosphere.
Fundamentals and Challenges of Lithium Ion Batteries at Temperatures between −40 and 60 °C
Authors: Hou Junbo , Yang Min , Wang Deyu , Zhang Junliang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLithium ion batteries (LIBs) continuously prove themselves to be the main power source in consumer electronics and electric vehicles. To ensure environmental sustainability, LIBs must be capable of performing well at extreme temperatures, that is, between −40 and 60 °C. In this review, the recent important progress and advances in the subzero and elevated temperature operations of LIBs is comprehensively summarized from a materials perspective. In the scenario of subzero temperatures, limitations, electrolytes, anodes, and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI); cathodes and cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI); and binders are thoroughly discussed to explore the fundamentals and basics that underlie the decay in electrochemical performance and how the chemistry, physics, and electrochemistry are correlated with the materials and components that interact with each other. In the case of high temperatures limitations, the thermal stability of the key materials and components are reviewed, and then the reaction thermodynamics and kinetics of the anodes, cathodes, electrolytes, and their interactions are described using the highest occupied molecular orbit (HOMO)/lowest unoccupied molecular orbit (LUMO), and are extensively discussed. The prospect of combining the extreme temperature poles in a single cell by introducing appropriate electrolytes and additives is discussed.
14.2% Efficiency Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells by Co‐sensitizing Novel Thieno[3,2‐b]indole‐Based Organic Dyes with a Promising Porphyrin Sensitizer
Authors: Ji Jung‐Min , Zhou Haoran , Eom Yu Kyung , Kim Chul Hoon , Kim Hwan Kyu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA new series of 4‐hexyl‐4H‐thieno[3,2‐b]indole (HxTI) based organic chromophores is developed by structural engineering of the electron donor (D) group in the D–HxTI–benzothiadiazole‐phenyl‐acceptor platform with different fluorenyl moieties, such as unsubstituted fluorenyl (SGT‐146) and hexyloxy (SGT‐147), decyloxy (SGT‐148) and hexyloxy‐phenyl substituted (SGT‐149) fluorenyl moieties. In comparison to a reference dye SGT‐137 with a biphenyl‐based donor, the effects of the donating ability and bulkiness of the fluorenyl based donor in this D–π–A‐structured platform on molecular properties and photovoltaic performance are investigated to establish the structure–property relationship. The photovoltaic performance of dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is improved according to the bulkiness of the donor groups. As a result, the DSSCs based on SGT‐149 show high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 11.7% and 10.0% with a [Co(bpy)3]2+/3+ (bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine) and an I−/I3− redox electrolyte, respectively. Notably, the co‐sensitization of SGT‐149 with a SGT‐021 porphyrin dye by utilizing a simple “cocktail” method, exhibit state‐of‐the‐art PCEs of 14.2% and 11.6% with a [Co(bpy)3]2+/3+ and an I−/I3− redox electrolyte, respectively.
Advances in Piezo‐Phototronic Effect Enhanced Photocatalysis and Photoelectrocatalysis
Authors: Pan Lun , Sun Shangcong , Chen Ying , Wang Peihong , Wang Jiyu , Zhang Xiangwen , Zou Ji‐Jun , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDirect conversion of solar light into chemical energy by means of photocatalysis or photoelectrocatalysis is currently a point of focus for sustainable energy development and environmental remediation. However, its current efficiency is still far from satisfying, suffering especially from severe charge recombination. To solve this problem, the piezo‐phototronic effect has emerged as one of the most effective strategies for photo(electro)catalysis. Through the integration of piezoelectricity, photoexcitation, and semiconductor properties, the built‐in electric field by mechanical stimulation induced polarization can serve as a flexible autovalve to modulate the charge‐transfer pathway and facilitate carrier separation both in the bulk phase and at the surfaces of semiconductors. This review focuses on illustrating the trends and impacts of research based on piezo‐enhanced photocatalytic reactions. The fundamental mechanisms of piezo‐phototronics modulated band bending and charge migration are highlighted. Through comparing and classifying different categories of piezo‐photocatalysts (like the typical ZnO, MoS2, and BaTiO3), the recent advances in polarization‐promoted photo(electro)catalytic processes involving water splitting and pollutant degradation are overviewed. Meanwhile the optimization methods to promote their catalytic activities are described. Finally, the outlook for future development of polarization‐enhanced strategies is presented.
Soviet topographic maps and burial mounds of the Yambol province: digital workflow for mortuary landscape verification
Authors: Sobotkova Adela , Weissova Barbora 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDuring a two‐week campaign in 2017, we verified burial mounds from 40‐year‐old Soviet topographic maps covering the northern part of the Yambol province, southeast Bulgaria. The aims of the project were to monitor the health of the burial mounds as well as to assess the reliability of Soviet maps at 1:50 000 scale and their utility for archaeological purposes. Three teams of volunteers visited and systematically documented 257 archaeological features, of which 200 were identified as burial mounds. Field documentation was conducted digitally, using a customization of the FAIMS Mobile platform, an offline ystem for integrated collection of multimedia with structured and spatial data. After field‐capture, data were synchronized and labelled automatically, allowing the teams to focus on questions of interpretation, burial mound definition, and the assessment of topographic map reliability. Of the present sample of mounds in the landscape, 73% were documented in the Soviet maps with very little spatial or attribute error. Comparison of mound condition with monitoring done in the south part of Yambol during 2009–2010 shows that while mounds are destroyed less aggressively, a larger percentage of mounds is impacted in the northern (4% of pristine mounds) compared to the southern (11%) part of the Yambol province.
Removing per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances from groundwaters using activated carbon and ion exchange resin packed columns
Authors: Zeng Chao , Atkinson Ariel , Sharma Naushita , Ashani Harsh , Hjelmstad Annika , Venkatesh Krishishvar , Westerhoff Paul 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHuman exposure to per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in drinking water is of growing concern as a result of increasing reports of occurrence and potential regulation. Adsorption of PFAS by granular activated carbon (GAC) or ion exchange (IX) resin is a suitable treatment technique. However, few studies compare PFAS removal in continuous flow GAC or IX adsorption systems using real drinking water sources. In this study, rapid small‐scale column tests (RSSCTs) were used to investigate the effects of PFAS type and chain length on adsorption by GAC and IX resin for six groundwaters used as drinking water supplies. Seven PFAS substances with chain lengths of C4–C9 were detected in the groundwaters with the sum of their concentrations (ΣPFAS) ranging from 156 to 7,044 ng/L. Adsorption capacities (qΣPFAS) were calculated to compare the removal capacity among different sorbents and qΣPFAS values ranged from 10.3 to 228 ng PFAS/mg sorbent after about 100,000 bed volumes treated. Coal‐based GACs had higher adsorption capacity compared with coconutshell‐based GAC, which was likely due to higher mesopore and macropore volumes. IX resins performed better than GAC in removing PFAS, but they were not effective in treating short‐chain perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs). Perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs) broke through later than PFCAs with the same chain length. Within PFSA or PFCA classes, shorter‐chain PFAS species always broke through before longer‐chain PFAS. Statistical analysis demonstrated that PFAS with higher hydrophobicity and molecular weight are more amenable to GAC adsorption. Empirical models were developed and predicted PFAS breakthrough. By quantifying PFAS selectivity and removal efficiency, this work provides benchmark data for commercially available treatment technologies and guidance toward specific PFAS classes for which new treatment technologies may be most beneficial.
The Darwinian Rhetoric of Science in Petr Kropotkin'sMutual Aid. A Factor of Evolution(1902)
Authors: Nicolosi Riccardo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe paper explores the significance of rhetorical argumentation in Petr Kropotkin's treatiseMutual Aid. A Factor of Evolution(1902). It argues that Kropotkin's work is steeped in the tradition of a rhetoric of science that is profoundly Darwinian and in which various forms of analogic reasoning play a central role. After explaining the epistemic function of the metaphors “struggle for existence” and “mutual aid,” the paper analyses Kropotkin's argumentation strategies and offers an interpretation of them as a further development and reworking of Darwinian rhetoric.
Comparison of SynCAM1/CADM1 PDZ interactions with MUPP1 using mammalian and bacterial pull‐down systems
Authors: Baliova Martina , Jursky Frantisek 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundSynaptic cell adhesion molecule 1 (SynCAM1) also known as cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1) is a transmembrane cell adhesion protein that operates in a variety of physiological and pathological cellular contexts, and its interaction with the PDZ signalling protein MUPP1 have been previously implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD).MethodsWe used in vitro pull‐down systems based on the bacterial and mammalian extracts to study SynCAM1/CADM1 PDZ interactions with MUPP1 at various conditions.ResultsSo far, the investigated interaction of SynCAM1/CADM1 with MUPP1 has been mostly attributed to an unspecified region of MUPP1 PDZ domains 1–5 or exclusively to domain 2, using a yeast two‐hybrid system. We also confirmed the single interaction of native synaptosomal CADM1 with PDZ domain 2. However, in this work, using recombinant proteins overexpressed in bacteria, we found an in vitro pull‐down conditions in which all first five domains and, to a much lesser extent, MUPP1 domains 7 and 11 significantly interacted with the whole C‐terminal domain of SynCAM1/CADM1. These PDZ interactions were confirmed by a pull‐down assay using the last seven amino acids of the SynCAM1/CADM1 PDZ motif and using two fusion partners. Multiple interactions were additionally replicated using the continuous N‐terminal MUPP1 protein fragment, which included first five PDZ domains, containing either intact or mutated domain 2.ConclusionsWe hypothesize that multiple interactions might exist in vivo, representing transient low‐affinity interactions or alternative binding sites on MUPP1 when domain 2 is occupied or occluded by the interaction with other ligands. This newly identified interactions extend the potential genetic mutations, possibly affecting SynCAM1/CADM1/MUPP1 function. Possible reasons for the absence of some of the identified CADM1 PDZ interactions in mammalian extracts are discussed.