bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Good mid-term results with the trident peripheral self-locking cup: a clinical evaluation and migration measurement with EBRA
Authors: Dammerer Dietmar , Blum Philipp , Putzer David , Tscholl Andreas , Liebensteiner Michael C. , Thaler Martin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction
The most common cause of failure in total hip arthroplasty (THA) is aseptic loosening. Uncemented cup migration analysis by means of Einzel–Bild–Roentgen–Analyse (EBRA) has shown to be a good predictive indicator for early implant failure if the cup migrates more than 2 mm within 4 years after surgery. In this study, we performed a migration analysis of an uncemented peripheral self-locking (PSL) press-fit cup after 4 years follow-up.

Materials and methods
We retrospectively reviewed all patients who received a trident PSL press-fit cup at our department between 2004 and 2017. A total of 636 patients were identified. As inclusion criteria for radiological analysis, a minimum follow-up of 2 years was defined. We reviewed medical histories and performed radiological analysis using EBRA software. EBRA measurements and statistical investigations were performed by two independent investigators.

Results
A total of 149 cups in 146 patients (female 82; male 64) met our inclusion criteria. Mean age at surgery was 65 years (33–89). We found a significant improvement in the WOMAC score pre- to postoperative (p < 0.0001). EBRA migration analysis showed a mean total migration of 0.6 mm (0.0–8.2) over our follow-up period of 4 years. Of the investigated cups, 69.8% showed a migration rate smaller than 2 mm in the investigated follow-up.

Conclusion
The acetabular cup used in our study provides low migration at final follow-up. Therefore, a good long-term outcome can be expected for the PSL cup.

Trial registration
Trial registration number is 20181024-1875 and date of registration is 2018-10-24.
White matter dissection with the Klingler technique: a literature review
Authors: Dziedzic Tomasz A. , Balasa Artur , Jeżewski Mateusz P. , Michałowski Łukasz , Marchel Andrzej 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim of this literature review is to present a summary of the published literature relating the details of the different modifications of specimen preparation for white matter dissection with the Klingler technique. For this review, 3 independent investigators performed an electronic literature search that was carried out in the Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science databses up to December 2019. Furthermore, we performed citation tracking for the articles missed in the initial search. Studies were eligible for inclusion when they reported details of at least the first 2 main steps of Klingler’s technique: fixation and freezing. A total of 37 full-text articles were included in the analysis. We included original anatomical studies in which human white matter dissection was performed for study purposes. The main three steps of preparation are the same in each laboratory, but the details of each vary between studies. Ten percent formalin is the most commonly used (34 studies) solution for fixation. The freezing time varied between 8 h and a month, and the temperature varied from − 5 to − 80 °C. After thawing and during dissections, the specimens were most often kept in formalin solution (13), and the concentration varied from 4 to 10%. Klingler’s preparation technique involves three main steps: fixation, freezing and thawing. Even though the details of the technique are different in most of the studies, all provide subjectively good quality specimens for anatomical dissections and studies.
Class II resin composite restorations—tunnel vs. box-only in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Preusse Peter J. , Winter Julia , Amend Stefanie , Roggendorf Matthias J. , Dudek Marie-Christine , Krämer Norbert , Frankenberger Roland 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeIn a combined in vitro/in vivo approach, tunnel vs. box-only resin composite restorations should be evaluated using thermomechanical loading (TML) in vitro and a restrospective clinical trial in vivo.Materials and methodsFor the in vitro part, box-only and tunnel cavities were prepared in 32 extracted human third molars under simulated intraoral conditions in a phantom head. Specimens were randomly assigned to four groups (n= 8; 16 box-only/16 tunnel) and received bonded resin composite restorations with Amelogen Plus (box A/tunnel A) or lining with Ultraseal and Amelogen plus (box B/tunnel B) both bonded using PQ1 (all Ultradent). Specimens were subjected to a standardized aging protocol, 1-year water storage (WS) followed by TML (100,000 × 50 N; 2500 × + 5/+ 55 °C). Initially and after aging, marginal qualities were evaluated using replicas at × 200 magnification (SEM). For the corresponding in vivo observational study, 229 patients received 673 proximal resin composite restorations. From 371 tunnel restorations, 205 cavities were filled without flowable lining (tunnel A), and 166 tunnels were restored using UltraSeal as lining (tunnel B). A total of 302 teeth received conventional box-only fillings. Restorations were examined according to modified USPHS criteria during routine recalls up to 5 years of clinical service.ResultsIn vitro, all initial results showed 100% gap-free margins when a flowable lining was used. Tunnels without lining exhibited some proximal shortcomings already before TML and even more pronounced after TML (p< 0.05). After TML, percentages of gap-free margins dropped to 87–90% in enamel with lining and 70–79% without lining (p< 0.05). In vivo, annual failure rates for box-only were 2.2%, for tunnel A 6.1%, and for tunnel B 1.8%, respectively (p< 0.05). Tunnels had significantly more sufficient proximal contact points than box-only restorations (p< 0.05). Flowable lining was highly beneficial for clinical outcome of tunnel-restorations (p< 0.05).ConclusionsWith a flowable lining, tunnel restorations proved to be a good alternative to box-only resin composite restorations.Clinical relevanceClass II tunnel restorations showed to be a viable alternative for box-only restorations, however, only when flowable resin composite was used as adaptation promotor for areas being difficult to access.
A systematic review of risk and protective factors of mental health in unaccompanied minor refugees
Authors: Höhne Edgar , van der Meer Anna Swantje , Kamp-Becker Inge , Christiansen Hanna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a rising interest in the mental health of unaccompanied minor refugees (UMR), who are a high-risk group for mental disorders. Especially the investigation of predictive factors of the mental health of young refugees has received increasing attention. However, there has been no review on this current issue for the specific group of UMR so far. We aimed to summarize and evaluate the existing findings of specific risk and protective factors to identify the most verified influences on the mental health of UMR. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature search. Study designs were limited to quantitative cross-sectional and longitudinal designs. Eight databases were searched in four different languages and article reference lists of relevant papers were screened. 27 studies were included (N = 4753). Qualitative synthesis revealed the number of stressful life events to be the most evaluated and verified risk factor for mental health of UMR. A stable environment and social support, on the other hand, can protect UMR from developing poor mental health. Besides that, several other influencing factors could be pointed out, such as type of accommodation, family contact, gender and cultural competences. Because of the large heterogeneity of outcome measures, quantitative synthesis was not possible. This review helps to improve our understanding of determinants of UMRs mental health and thus to provide more targeted treatment. Furthermore, it provides information on how to prevent the development of mental health problems by specifying factors that can be modified by different health and immigration sectors in advance. Further research is needed focusing on the interaction between the various predictive factors.
Construction of a new plant expression vector and the development of maize germplasm expressing the Aspergillus ficuum phytase gene PhyA2
Authors: Jiao Peng , Yuan Wen-Ya , Zhao Han-Dan , Qu Jing , Wang Pi-Wu , Guan Shu-Yan , Ma Yi-Yong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPhytases, which belong to a special category of orthophosphoric monoester phosphohydrolases, degrade inositol hexaphosphate to produce lower-grade inositol phosphate derivatives and inorganic phosphate. Thus, phytases may improve phosphorus utilization, eliminate the anti-nutrient properties of phytic acid, and mitigate environmental pollution due to phosphorus contamination. In this study, we constructed a new root-specific expression vector by inserting the Aspergillus ficuum phytase gene PhyA2 into pCAMBIA3301-ZmGLU1P-Nos. The subsequent molecular analysis confirmed that six T4 generation transgenic plants carried and expressed PhyA2. A quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated PhyA2 was highly expressed in the transgenic roots. Additionally, the phytase activity was 10.9-fold higher in the transgenic roots (peak activity of 5.432 U/g) than in the control roots. Moreover, compared with the control rhizosphere, the organic phosphorus content in the rhizosphere of the transgenic plants decreased significantly (by up to 5.21 mg/kg). An agronomic trait analysis indicated that PhyA2 expression can increase maize seed weight by up to 25.8 g. Therefore, the integration of PhyA2 into the maize genome can enhance the ability of maize plants to use the phosphorus compounds in soil, while also improving the plant growth status and increasing the seed yield.
The history of the Purine Club: a tribute to Prof. Geoffrey Burnstock
Authors: Abbracchio Maria P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe international purinergic scientific community has lost its pioneer. Geoffrey Burnstock, born on the 10th of May 1929 in London, died on the 2nd of June 2020, aged 91, in Melbourne (Australia). Geoff was one of the most highly regarded scientists of his generation. In the 1960s and 1970s, he developed a radical and somehow heretical new theory and opened an entire new field of science, signalling via extracellular nucleotides (the “purinergic theory”), which revolutionized our understanding of how cells communicate between each other. Initially, his unconventional theory found a lot of resistance in the scientific community. Once, one scientist even threatened to devote his entire life to disproving Burnstock’s theory. Undeterred, Geoff went further on, and continued to accumulate evidence in favour of his hypothesis, and led the field ever since. He struggled to attract new scientists to this new field of research and, in the early 1990s, due to new molecular biology techniques making it possible to isolate and identify cell surface receptors for ATP and its breakdown product adenosine, did evidence emerge that eventually convinced the doubters. The number of spontaneous obituaries and messages honouring Geoff’s memory that have appeared on specialized Journals and in the public press throughout the world since last June indicates that many people are clearly affected by his death. Besides being a rigorous, ethical and extremely brilliant scientist, Geoff was an extraordinary human being, always eager to collaborate and share data, never jealous of his findings and capable of learning things even from young people. He was known for his enthusiasm, empathy and ability to motivate young scientists and promote their careers. After the establishment of the Purine Club back in the 1990s, numerous Purine Club Chapters have been formed around the world with Geoff’s help and encouragement. He has obviously also been the inspirator and founder of our Journal, Purinergic Signalling (PUSI). For this reason, Charles Kennedy, the current Editor of the Journal, and myself thought that it might be nice to invite representatives from all known Purine Clubs to send a few notes to be published in PUSI on the history of their club and how Geoff inspired, aided or supported them. Here, I have collected all their contributions and I share with the entire purinergic community my personal memories on how the Purine Club was born and developed thanks to the invaluable mentoring of Geoffrey Burnstock. I apologize in advance if I am missing some information or forgot to mention somebody, and I strongly encourage all readers to submit memories and additional information that I shall gather for future writing. Keeping alive the history of how the field developed will be the best tribute that we can play to celebrate Geoff’s work along the years.
Validating the VR-12 Physical Function Instrument after Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion with SF-12, PROMIS, and NDI
Authors: Jenkins Nathaniel W. , Parrish James M. , Nolte Michael T. , Hrynewycz Nadia M. , Brundage Thomas S. , Singh Kern 
Published: November 2020

Background Development and validation of Veterans RAND 12-item (VR-12) physical component survey (PCS) has been established among civilian and veteran populations but it has not been examined among anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) patients. Purposes/Questions We sought to validate legacy patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) with VR-12 PCS among patients undergoing ACDF procedures. Methods A prospectively collected surgical registry was retrospectively evaluated for elective single or multi-level ACDFs performed for degenerative spinal pathologies from January 2014 to August 2019. Exclusion criteria included missing pre-operative surveys and surgery for trauma, metastasis, or infection. Demographic variables, baseline pathologies, and peri-operative variables were collected. A paired t test evaluated the change from the pre-operative score to each post-operative timepoint for VR-12 PCS, the 12-item Short-Form Survey (SF-12) PCS, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System physical function (PROMIS-PF), and Neck Disability Index (NDI). Minimal clinically important difference (MCID) achievement was calculated at each timepoint. Correlation was evaluated with a Pearson's correlation coefficient and time-independent partial correlation. Results Of the 202 patients who underwent ACDF, 41.1% were female and the average age was 49.5 years. All PROMs had statistically significantly increased from baseline when compared with post-operative timepoints (12 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years). MCID achievement rates increased through 2 years. All timepoints revealed strong VR-12 PCS correlations with SF-12 PCS, PROMIS-PF, and NDI scores. Conclusion VR-12 PCS was strongly correlated with the well-validated SF-12 PCS and NDI metrics as well as with the more recent PROMIS-PF. All PROMs demonstrated statistically significant improvement in patients post-operatively. VR-12 PCS is a valid measure of physical function among patients undergoing ACDF.
Hispidopannaria and Phormopsora, two new and small, but evolutionary old Pannariaceae lichen genera from southern South America
Authors: Elvebakk Arve , Hong Soon Gyu , Park Chae Haeng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBased on phylogenetic analyses of the ITS, nuclear large subunit rRNA, mitochondrial small subunit rRNA, and MCM7 genes, species previously treated asPannaria hispidulaandP.isabellinaare shown to represent two new Pannariaceae genera,HispidopannariaandPhormospsora. Each genus forms monophyletic clades, both in multilocus phylogeny and in single gene phylogenies. In the multilocus phylogeny, both genera together formed a monophyletic clade as a sister group to the genusPannaria, whereas this monophyly was not maintained in single gene phylogenies.Hispidopannariadiffers fromPannariain having large, geotropically arranged, hispid squamules, IKI+ internal ascus structures, and perispores with irregular pulvinate verrucae and apical extensions. The southern South American, TLC-negative speciesH.hispidulais generitype and is concentrated to trunks in the evergreenNothofagusforests of south-central Chile.Psoroma dasycladum, a similar endemic species from the Juan Fernández Archipelago, is also transferred toHispidopannaria.Phormopsorais monospecific and is the only member of Pannariaceae which contains norstictic and connorstictic acids. Its thallus of large, branched squamules with large, foliose cephalodia and its bullate perispores with long-apiculate apical extensions also separate it fromPannaria. Its species,Phormopsora isabellina, has a similar distribution asH.hispidulaon the South American mainland, but is more widespread. The position of these two small genera as a sister group to the large and diverse genusPannaria, indicates a long period of slow evolutionary rate, with the island endemicHispidopannaria dasycladaas an exception. Reproductive isolation and photobiont specialization are partly suggested to explain their slow evolution and lack of surviving speciation.
Healthcare Professional Standards in Pandemic Conditions: The Duty to Obtain Consent to Treatment
Authors: Devaney Sarah , Miola Jose , Cave Emma , Purshouse Craig , Heywood Rob 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the United Kingdom, the question of how much information is required to be given to patients about the benefits and risks of proposed treatment remains extant. Issues about whether healthcare resources can accommodate extended shared decision-making processes are yet to be resolved. COVID-19 has now stepped into this arena of uncertainty, adding more complexity. U.K. public health responses to the pandemic raise important questions about professional standards regarding how the obtaining and recording of consent might change or be maintained in such emergency conditions, particularly in settings where equipment, medicines, and appropriately trained or specialized staff are in short supply. Such conditions have important implications for the professional capacity and knowledge available to discuss the risks and benefits of and alternatives to proposed treatment with patients. The government’s drive to expedite the recruitment to wards of medical students nearing the end of their studies, as well as inviting retired practitioners back into practice, raises questions about the ability of such healthcare providers to engage fully in shared decision-making.This article explores whether the legal duty on healthcare practitioners to disclose the material risks of a proposed medical treatment to a patient should be upheld during pandemic conditions or whether the pre-eminence of patient autonomy should be partly sacrificed in such exceptional circumstances. We argue that measures to protect public health and to respect autonomous decision-making are not mutually exclusive and that there are good reasons to maintain professional standards in obtaining consent to treatment even during acute pressures on public health systems.
mTOR-targeted cancer therapy: great target but disappointing clinical outcomes, why?
Authors: Sun Shi-Yong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) critically regulates several essential biological functions, such as cell growth, metabolism, survival, and immune response by forming two important complexes, namely, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and complex 2 (mTORC2). mTOR signaling is often dysregulated in cancers and has been considered an attractive cancer therapeutic target. Great efforts have been made to develop efficacious mTOR inhibitors, particularly mTOR kinase inhibitors, which suppress mTORC1 and mTORC2; however, major success has not been achieved. With the strong scientific rationale, the intriguing question is why cancers are insensitive or not responsive to mTOR-targeted cancer therapy in clinics. Beyond early findings on induced activation of PI3K/Akt, MEK/ERK, and Mnk/eIF4E survival signaling pathways that compromise the efficacy of rapalog-based cancer therapy, recent findings on the essential role of GSK3 in mediating cancer cell response to mTOR inhibitors and mTORC1 inhibition-induced upregulation of PD-L1 in cancer cells may provide some explanations. These new findings may also offer us the opportunity to rationally utilize mTOR inhibitors in cancer therapy. Further elucidation of the biology of complicated mTOR networks may bring us the hope to develop effective therapeutic strategies with mTOR inhibitors against cancer.
The Role of Pelvic Neurophysiology Testing in the Assessment of Patients with Voiding Dysfunction
Authors: Malladi Prasad , Simeoni Sara , Panicker Jalesh N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe role of pelvic neurophysiology testing in the evaluation of patients with lower urinary tract (LUT) symptoms is explored in this review.Recent FindingsDifferent neurophysiology tests such as sphincter EMG and pudendal somatosensory evoked potentials are useful in evaluating the sacral somatic afferent and efferent innervation. S2 and S3 dermatomal evoked potentials assess individual sacral roots and are feasible to perform using standard neurophysiology machines.SummaryThe innervation of the LUT has a substantial contribution from splanchnic and somatic nerves arising from the sacral segments. Pelvic neurophysiology tests, which assess somatic nerve functions, are therefore a useful tool in assessing sacral nerve functions in patients presenting with unexplained voiding dysfunction. In this review, the commonly performed neurophysiology studies that assess the S2, S3 and S4 sacral afferent and efferent pathways are outlined, and their clinical applications reviewed.
Contraception for the Cardiac Patient: a Cardiologist’s Primer
Authors: Florio Karen L. , Kao Monica , Johnson Traci , Tuttle Heidi A. , White Darcy , Nelson Lynne , Patel Neil , Ramaeker Devon , Kendig Sue , Schmidt Laura , Grodzinsky Anna , Economy Katherine 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose of review
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of maternal mortality in the USA. There are many cardiac conditions which pose significant risk to maternal health, and these women should be offered options to avoid unwanted pregnancies. Individualized contraceptive counseling focusing on woman’s desire for future pregnancy, comorbid conditions, and desire for hormone or non-hormonal (contraceptive) options is paramount to avoid adverse or unwanted side effects. The purpose of this review is to give general guidance on prescribing both hormonal and non-hormonal contraceptives for providers caring for women with heart disease.

Recent findings
Specific recommendation for the use of either non-hormonal or hormonal contraception requires knowledge of the types of contraceptive options available, cost, failure rates, and contraindications to use. Newer progestin-only options have become available and should be considered first-line therapy for women with cardiovascular disease.

Summary
The physiologic burden of pregnancy on the cardiovascular system can cause significant maternal morbidity and mortality for women with underlying CVD. These women should be offered safe and effective options for birth control, and both cardiology and obstetrical providers alike should possess fundamental knowledge of appropriate options.