bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Land use optimization by integrating GLP and CLUE-S model to control land degradation risk in mountainous area of Southwest China
Authors: Zhao X Q , Pu J W , Yang H H , Xia J S , Tan S C 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Large-scale artificial plantations in mountainous areas of Southwest China have changed land use status and aggravated land degradation risk (LDR). This study taking Menglian County as an example, optimizes land use in 2025 to reduce the regional LDR, by integrating Grey Linear Programming (GLP) and CLUE-S model. Results showed that: The high-risk and medium-risk levels are main LDR types in Menglian County, accounting for 56.36% of total area. The regions with high LDR consistent with the distribution of concentrated garden land and cultivated land. The regions with low LDR consistent with the forestland. While the distribution of medium-risk regions relates to small plots garden land and cultivated land. In the optimization results, the LDR reduced 461.80, 168.95 and 34.23 in three schemes respectively, comparing to 2015. Thereinto, the strict-demand scheme has good applicability and guidance for study area relatively, in which the LDR is reduced while ensuring sustainable development. After spatial allocation, garden land, cultivated land, forestland and construction land tend to be centralized. It is effective for solving the optimal problem of mountainous land resource by integrating GLP and CLUE-S. The methods and results can provide a scientific reference for controlling LDR in mountainous area in Southwest China.
New Railway Routes, Cross Section and Water Evacuation System Problems at Tunnels in Romania
Authors: Flaviu Nica Ioan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Adoption of the maximum circulation speed of passenger trains of 160 km/h and 120 km/h for freight trains conducted to rectification of 300 Railway Magistral. In the railway rehabilitation project between Brasov and Simeria, component part of IVth Pan European Railway Corridor along Romania were provided a series of art works like tunnels and bridges. The paper presents the new constructive routes adopted in the railway rehabilitation project for three zones, corresponding to the new three tunnels: Sighisoara, Danes and Turdas and the new rail curves adopted in order to ensure the designed speed. In the second part of the paper it is made a research regarding the technical solution of tunnels cross section and the implication of the works connected. A brief comparison between the Sighisoara, Danes and Turdas tunnels cross section and the problems encountered during construction is made. In the third part of the paper are presented the deficiencies of the water evacuation canal, central canal, drainage pipes and deficiencies in conception of water drainage system of tunnels.
Developing Railway Link in Central Region of Romania
Authors: Flaviu Nica Ioan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
An intersection of European Railway Corridors is present in our country by geographical meanings, conducting to a need of developing infrastructure and connecting it to the European Corridors. The railway link between the Romanian Regions is developing and has just a few sections that need to be made in order to have the entire IVth Pan European Railway Corridor from Romania rehabilitated. The Central Developing Region from Romania contains the railway section between Brasov and Sighisoara cities that is rehabilitated for the maxim design speed for passenger trains of 160 km/h and 120km/h for freight trains. The maximum design speed imposes new curves with bigger radius resulting in new routes along the section. The actual and proposed route of double track railway section between Brasov and Sighisoara is analysed and the rehabilitation works along with it. The tunnels cross section and possible difficulties in realising and execution of them are presented and analysed. Conclusions regarding the proposed art works and future problems that can be solved in this stage – preparation stage that can assure better and safe construction and exploitation of the railway are made in final.
Requalification of Housing Suburbs: Urban Project for Covilhã
Authors: Virtudes Ana , Nadai Yasmin De , Silveira Caroline , Goulart Luan , Garbini Luana 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article has a graphic and illustrative sketch of the urban requalification project for the suburban neighbourhood of Covelo, in the surroundings of Covilhã, in the interior of Portugal near to the border with Spain. It was carried out for a subject of Urban Planning of the University of Beira Interior during the mobility program with Brazilian universities. It is a low-density residential suburb of single-houses typology. The methodology applied in a first phase includes an analytical research of the area features, supported by field visits, sketch maps and municipal documents that regulate the processes of edification, urbanization and urban requalification. The second phase included the preparation of visual maps that allowed the construction of a set of conditions, weaknesses and potentialities of the area, considering its characteristics and morphological elements. In the third phase, an urban diagnosis was elaborated showing the failures of integration of this suburban neighbourhood at the urban network of Covilhã, with a massive presence of urban voids, low quality and scarcity of public spaces, undersized streets structure and lack of commercial attractiveness. In the fourth phase, the urban design solution aimed to create democratic spaces for meeting and leisure, based on concepts such as permeability, accessibility, readability, diversity, flexibility, identity and ownership of the local community, residents and visitors. The requalification project aims to clarify the public and private realms of the spaces and the creation of an environment where everyone can experience the individual and the collective within the same neighbourhood. The propose is a long-term development and should be considered in phases as the community grow. It aims to allow the neighbourhood expansion, restructuring the street network and, after that, the following steps like implantation of a small business centre. It is believed that the result is an attractive proposal for the local and that, through the urban design project, citizens will be invited to take ownership of the new public area while creating a more healthy community, with a sense of collective responsibility for its maintenance.
Systems Approach to Analysis of Destruction of Cement Composites
Authors: Selyaev Vladimir , Selyaev Pavel , Garkina Irina , Danilov Alexander 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A new approach to the creation of composite materials using system analysis methods is proposed. A composite is considered as a set of elements connected by relations generating an integrative quality. When studying the properties of materials, synergetic, informational and homeostatic approaches are implemented. It is noted that when the integrative parameters of the system approach the maximum permissible, a systemic crisis occurs: the system enters the bifurcation zone. The system attributes and methods for selecting elements and subsystems are determined taking into account the paradoxes of integrity and hierarchy; their implementation is indicated in the development of radiation-protective composite materials. Issues of paradigm shift in the development of composite materials are touched upon. The new paradigm does not include the old one. It is stressed that in a paradigm shift there is no continuity of theories; Involves the formation of another system of views based on fundamentally new basic models and the change of the principle of management of initial structure formation. On identification, the principle of simulating a complex system is used (it was represented by a finite set of models that reflect a certain facet of its essence) and purposefulness (matching a complex system with many private criteria and specially developed global criteria that describe its existence as a whole). An example of the synthesis of composites based on the identification of kinetic processes of formation of their physical and mechanical characteristics is indicated. Some aspects of evaluating the durability of materials are considered; the destruction of the system is interpreted as a catastrophe associated with a violation of homeostasis. It is assumed that structural elements are formed from elementary particles, which, under the influence of external factors, are combined into molecules, clusters, globules and fibrils; associative clusters and more complex ordered packing of structural elements appear. The approaches of Benoit Mandelbrot are used, a quantum-mechanical description of the process of destruction of a solid body: a solid body is represented as a set of elementary oscillators; energy is released and absorbed by elementary portions - quanta; destruction of one structural element does not lead to destruction of the entire system; destruction is considered as a process proceeding at scale levels. An illustration is given of a systematic approach to modeling a cement composite as a complex scale-invariant system with the indication of particular models.
3D Nonlinear Analysis of Precast Prestressed Hollow Core Slab
Authors: Hollý Ivan , Abrahoim Iyad , Fillo Ľudovít 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the last decades, precast prestressed hollow core slabs have gradually increased their market presence in many countries due to their excellent structural performance at room temperature. Longitudinal voids through the one way prestressed (or reinforced) concrete slabs are very important for reducing the self-weight of the structure. Although the hollow core precast concrete is larger than on-site placement concrete, when viewing the entire construction of the building as a whole, the use of hollow core precast concrete contributes more to the reduction of energy consumption than half-precast concrete or on-site placement concrete. Precast prestressed hollow core slabs are among to the more advanced structural floor systems for all kinds of buildings. This paper presents results from nonlinear numerical analysis of precast prestressed concrete hollow core slabs with dimensions 13,9m length, 1,19m width and 300mm thickness. Material properties obtained from testing of concrete (concrete cube strength) and 7 wire pre-stressing strands (yield strength) were used as input data for nonlinear simulation. The ATENA 3D FEM software was used for nonlinear numerical modelling. The results from numerical are compared with data from experimental investigation of a total 7 hollow core slabs.
Gradačac Old Town Complex - Current State Evaluation
Authors: Čaušević Amir , Rustempašić Nerman , Akšamija Lemja , Avdić Dženis 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the protection of historical heritage evaluating the current state of a facility is a very important phase since it provides for the project framework and the decision-making guidelines, which is all crucial for the final goal – protection of Gradačac Old Town complex. There are several historical layers encompassed by Gradačac Old Town - starting from the medieval fortification system, expanding to the Ottomans’ period where main buildings (a residential tower, a clock tower, and a mosque) were added by the Ottomans, extending and continuing the works on adding a library and a gymnasium in the Austro-Hungarian period. The overall Complex flows with the natural morphology of the terrain; nowadays these green areas are used as the main city park. Complex of Gradačac has two separate fortification zones, the main area of around 33 000 m2, and the accentuated part with the tower, of around 3 000 m2. The fortification (The Old Town) ground plan is approximately a square one, with sides from 180 to 200 m, consisting of the two main parts: The Lower and the Upper City. In the north-west area, there’s the Upper City (fortification inside the fortification, namely Husein-Captain Gradaščević’s Tower). The Old Town is accessed through three gates: The North (the main gate), the South, and the West gate. Upper City with Husein-Captain Gradaščević’s tower is positioned on the topmost point in the north side of the fortification complex. It rests on a terrace which encloses it from the south and the east side. On the north side of the Upper City, there are outer perimeter walls constituent to the whole of the Complex. Architectural heritage preservation and valorisation are increasingly important social and economic issue in many countries. The issues encountered in these undertakings range from defining and choosing required level of safety, via the question of electing methodologies relevant for contracting reliable structural analyses and safety check-ups, up to choosing the design and installation of suitable materials, and the intervention.
The Synergistic Effect of Secondary Raw Materials and Nano Additive on the Properties of Cement Matrix
Authors: Banevičienė Vilma , Malaiškienė Jurgita 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The purpose of the research presented in this paper was to analyse the synergistic effect of nano SiO2 (NS), fluidized catalytic cracking catalyst waste (FCCCw) and calcinated at 700°C temperature paper sludge waste (PSw) on the properties the cement matrix. Nano materials are known to reduce voids between cement particles, accelerate cement hydration, and increase the strength of cement matrix. A certain amount of FCCCw and PSw in the cement mix also accelerates cement hydration and increase the compressive strength of the system, but it is important to analyse the synergistic effect of these materials on the properties of cement matrix. The results showed that both waste materials are active pozzolanic additives. The optimal quantities in terms of positive effect on the cement matrix are 10% of FCCCw and 2.5% of PSw. The paper presents the results of XRD analysis, density, ultrasonic pulse velocity and compressive strength tests with hardened cement paste. A 22% increase in compressive strength compared to the control specimen was observed in specimens where 10% of cement was replaced by FCCCw and where NS was additionally added. The replacement of cement by 2.5% of PSw increases the compressive strength about 7%. Moreover, the compressive strength of specimens containing 10% of FCCCw, 2.5% of PSw and NS increases even though the content of cement is reduced. Hardened cement paste specimens containing FCCCw, PSw, and NS have better density and ultrasonic pulse velocity values. XRD analysis showed that a combination of FCCCw, PSw, and NS added to the cement mix increases the amount of calcium hydrosilicates formed, reduces the amount of free portlandite and unreacted cement minerals (allite and belite).
Public Green Areas and their Devaluation in a Dense City Fabric of Sarajevo: Case Study of Hastahana Park
Authors: Krivošić Leila , Kljuno Alma Hudović 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In a country that is still considered to be in the transitional period, even though the last war was more than two decades ago, the laws and legislations of the urban development with the focus on green areas, are loosely interpreted into reality in today’s Bosnia. The laws on urban planning and development stipulated in the time of former Yugoslav republic were precise in defining parameters in planning. In the former system, these laws were implemented resulting in string of great urban developments. Such big urban projects were executed all over former Yugoslavia in the late 1950s and1960s when industry grew and cities expanded and modernized. These urban projects included residential buildings, public buildings such as schools, kindergartens, municipality buildings, commercial areas as well as healthcare and recreational facilities including sports terrains and public green areas. The ratio between built and un- built was greatly respected leaving enough green spaces for leisure activities. Nowadays, the laws and regulations inherited from the former system are loosely interpreted or are being changed in favour of private investors at the cost of quality of life of cities’ inhabitants. This paper aims to explore the importance of green areas, or lack of the same, in urban developments within dense city fabric in the period of post war Bosnia focusing on current developments in Hastahana Park. The Park is located in popular and largely discussed area of Sarajevo’s Marijin Dvor, were recent urban developments characterized it as new business district of the city. Today, the remaining of Hastahana, the only public park on Marijin Dvor is endangered. Its future is uncertain because the site has been proclaimed, by the municipality authorities, as construction site. Despite attempts by citizens to stop sales and construction in the park area, city authorities ruled in their own favour (or in favour of fast money gain) versus welfare of citizens. The example of Hastahana Park shows that due to strong political pressures the norms and regulations can be changed, the need for big investments is stronger than the care for the need of citizens. While European cities stream to improve the amount of public green areas in cities contributing to healthier environment, at the same time, Sarajevo decreases valuable green areas in favour of giving advantage to construction, increasing already heavy traffic and air pollution in the city. Such reckless and irresponsible decisions have long-term impacts on city development and quality of life of its citizens.
Influence of Superficial Strengthening with FRCM System on Compressive Strength of Cracked AAC Masonry
Authors: Drobiec Lukasz , Mazur Wojciech , Jokiel Remigiusz 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper describes results from studies on effects of superficial strengthening with FRCM system on compressive strength of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) masonry. Tests were carried out on models with one vertical crack and without crack. The research program included walls without any strengthening, strengthened at two or four sides. In addition, models with additional anchorage of superficial strengthening by steel plates were tested. Strengthened masonry did not demonstrate an increase of compressive strength and deformability. Increased deformability was observed for circumferentially strengthened masonry.
Application of the Virtual Reality Technology in Structural Safety Monitoring of Shield Tunnels
Authors: Ma Xinteng , Liu Yingchun , Wang Junwei , Wang Dan , Liu Yang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Many structural health monitoring (SHM) systems of actual tunnels are underused, with abstract data, chaotic information and the diagnostic results beyond comprehension. It is necessary to establish the visual connection between the visualization of monitoring network and massive structural information of tunnels. To address this issue, this study proposed a structural visualization method based on the panoramic virtual reality technology, combining the panoramic spherical image and the real-time monitoring data of tunnel obtained from SHM system. First, a software system for structural safety monitoring of an actual shield tunnel was developed on the basis of the combination of the panoramic visual technology and B/S (Browser/Server) architecture system. Second, the panoramic modelling method for specific tunnel structure environment was discussed in detail, and then the mechanism of data transmission and information access in panoramic virtual reality environment was investigated deeply. Finally, in view of the demands of practical application, the function modules of the abovementioned software system were described. Some key issues of how to develop each software module using the panoramic virtual reality technique were analysed e.g., online geographic information and cloud platform management. The results show that the panoramic virtual reality technology completely meets the needs of real-time processing, information management, virtual roaming and maintenance management in tunnel structural safety monitoring.
Determination of deformation characteristics of natural rock using methods of close-range photogrammetry
Authors: Brček Martin , Fraštia Marek , Ondrášik Martin , Kopecký Miloslav 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the field of civil engineering, traditional deformation sensors are used (measurements of changes of length and widths in the stressed material), such as an electrical resistance strain gauge, deviation meters (mechanical dial gauge, electronic digital indicator, LVDT). These sensors work quite well, but the sample surface preparation and fixing the sensors on the sample surface can be timely and work skill demanding. On the other hand, conventional non-destructive testing methods, such as rebound hammers or ultrasonic pulse propagation have a disadvantage in large data scatterness and low reliability. This paper focuses on a practical, more reliable and cost-effective method for determining deformation characteristics, calculated from digital images using the principle of close-range photogrammetry. To verify the effectiveness of this method, a test was performed on a sample of natural stone from the tunnel Višňové. The data were obtained by these methods and correlated with the used load. After plotting the stress-strain curve, the static modulus of elasticity and the modulus of deformation were determined. These modules were compared with those determined from resistance strain gauge measurements.
Reflections on Decanted Waste Water Application in the Timis County (Romania)
Authors: Grozav Adia , Rogobete Gheorghe 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Livestock rearing in an enormous number on zootechnical piggery complexes is accompanied by a great quantity production of waste water, which needs a good management in order to turn to account and pollution control. At Timiş, county, level worked at the 1st January 2018 – 32 zootechnical piggery complexes, located in the plain zone, with a daily effective of 530,882 pigs. At an medium discharge of 30 l/head/day, results a daily volume of 15,926 m3 waste water which needs to be transported and stocked in a decanting pond. The positive aspect of this problem is the content of nutrients – about 2.3 g/l Ntotal, 0.07 g/l Ptotal and 0.7 g/l Ktotal, what means for all quantities of waste water a total quantity of nutrients of 36.6 tones N, 1.11 tones P and 11.15 tones K. Because to waste water contains also 62-72% C (relate to dry substance) through the biochemical decomposition at the soil surface, will be release 6370 m3 of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, emission which contributes to the climate change. For this reason, there is absolutely necessary to application the decantated waste water by placement. Owing to the great diversity of the soils cover and the present the ground water layer at 1.0-1.5 m depth on a large area, it is necessary a permanent monitoring so as to avoid water and soil pollution with Na+, heavy metals or pathogens. The analytical data have been made for the Parţa territory from Timiş county, in the years 2015 -2016 -2017 and were compared with a soil survey achieved in the year 2010.