bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What supports the deep chlorophyll maximum in acidic lakes? The role of the bacterial CO2 production in the hypolimnion
Authors: Soria‐Píriz Sara , Lara Miguel , Jiménez‐Arias Juan Luis , Papaspyrou Sokratis , Úbeda Bárbara , García‐Robledo Emilio , Bohórquez Julio , Gálvez José Ángel , Revsbech Niels Peter , Corzo Alfonso 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe interactions between phytoplankton, bacteria and resources, irradiance, and nutrients, leading to the formation of deep chlorophyll maxima (DCMs), are little understood in acid lakes. In “El Sancho” reservoir (Iberian Pyritic belt, Huelva, Spain), an acid mine drainage impacted waterbody (pH 3.5–4.0), a strong DCM forms in the metalimnion during the stratification period. The DCM was located always below the 1% irradiance level, where the decreasing irradiance profile overlapped with a dissolved inorganic carbon concentration (CO2) gradient decreasing upward from the hypolimnion. The DCM was dominated by the chlorophyte Carteria sp. and showed the highest volumetric photosynthetic and dark respiration rates. The DCM, however, only contributed around 20% of water column integrated gross primary production, while it accounted for 54–66% of water column chlorophyll. The total bacterial abundance correlated significantly with the CO2 concentration (r = 0.74). To test the hypothesis of a possible dependence of the formation of the DCM in acid lakes on the production of CO2 by heterotrophic bacteria, a one‐dimensional reactive transport model (DCM‐CO2) was developed and tested. The DCM‐CO2 model simulated the vertical distribution of chlorophyll (R2 > 0.63) and the vertical profile of CO2 rather accurately (R2 > 0.79), the position of DCM depending on both light penetration and an upward flux of CO2 produced by hypolimnetic heterotrophic bacteria. Overall, the results support the hypothesis of microbial degradation of organic matter being a source of CO2 for acid lake primary producers at the DCM.
Toughening Rigid Epoxy Using Novel Potassium Silanolate Ionic Interactions
Authors: Wu Xiao , Yang Xin , Zuo Xiao‐Biao , Yu Ran , Zhao Xiao‐Juan , Zhang Ying , Huang Wei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA rigid and densely cross‐linked epoxy resin is successfully toughened by introducing novel potassium silanolate ionic interactions, exhibiting simultaneous improvement in toughness, strength, modulus, and glass transition temperature. The ionic interactions are incorporated through a simple way into epoxy cured with a novel potassium silanolate ionic groups‐containing amine curing agent. Small angle X‐ray scattering/wide angle X‐ray scattering and dynamic thermomechanical analysis results show that the ionic groups aggregated into multiplets and clusters in the prepared epoxy ionomers. The temporary physical cross‐link effect of ionic aggregates and the consequently formed chain‐restricting ionomeric nanodomains account for the stiffening and toughening performance. Furthermore, the densely cross‐linked epoxy ionomers possess high stretchability at elevated temperature (about 800% at 200 °C) due to the dynamic ion‐hopping effect.
An Ambrosetti–Prodi type result for fractional spectral problems
Authors: Ambrosio Vincenzo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe consider the following class of fractional parametric problems
where is a smooth bounded domain, , , is the fractional Dirichlet Laplacian, is a locally Lipschitz nonlinearity having linear or superlinear growth and satisfying Ambrosetti–Prodi type assumptions, , φ1 is the first eigenfunction of the Laplacian with homogenous boundary conditions, and is a bounded function. Using variational methods, we prove that there exists a such that the above problem admits at least two distinct solutions for any . We also discuss the existence of solutions for a fractional periodic Ambrosetti–Prodi type problem.
Low‐cost, low‐profile and miniaturized single‐plane antenna design for an Internet of Thing device applications operating in 5G, 4G, V2X, DSRC, WiFi 6 band, WLAN, and WiMAX communication systems
Authors: Chung Ming‐An , Chang Wei‐Hsuan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAn integrated multi‐band monopole antenna with three radiating strips having a compact structure to provide a double‐wideband operation in an Internet of Things (IoT) device is studied and presented. The proposed antenna is very suitable for the heterogeneous multi‐access network integration trend applications in mobile or fixed IoT devices, which can cover the 4G and 5G operating frequencies, the vehicle‐to‐everything and dedicated short range communication band from the IEEE 802.11p based wireless technology, the WiFi 6 band from the IEEE 802.11ax, the WLAN, and the WiMAX operating frequencies. The proposed antenna is manufactured on a single side of high quality FR4 substrate, which has a compact dimension of 8(L) × 8(W) × 0.8(T) mm3, and is composed of multibranch strips, namely, multiple curved shapes, L shapes to be embedded in the IoT device as an built‐in antenna. There are two operating bands designed between 2355‐5000 and 5112‐7000 MHz with well radiation efficiencies. The measured results show that the two operating bands are satisfied with reflection coefficient better than −6 dB, and total efficiencies of higher than 44% to 83%. In addition to that, the proposed antenna with multiband operation having a single side structure is simple to manufacture, low cost, low profile, and compact advantages.
Magnetic resonance imaging correlates with electrical impedance myography in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
Authors: Hamel Johanna , Lee Phil , Glenn Melanie D. , Burka Tekalign , Choi In‐Young , Friedman Seth D. , Shaw Dennis W. W. , McCalley Ayla , Herbelin Laura , Dimachkie Mazen M. , Lemmers Richard , van der Maarel Silvère M. , Barohn Richard J. , Tawil Rabi , Statland Jeffrey M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionElectrical impedance myography (EIM) has been proposed as a noninvasive biomarker of muscle composition in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). Here we determine the associations of EIM variables with muscle structure measured by MRI.MethodsWe evaluated 20 patients with FSHD at two centers, comparing EIM measurements (resistance, reactance, and phase at 50, 100, and 211 kHZ) recorded from bilateral vastus lateralis, tibialis anterior, and medial gastrocnemius muscles to MRI skin and subcutaneous fat thickness, MRI T1‐based muscle severity score (T1 muscle score), and MRI quantitative intramuscular Dixon fat fraction (FF).ResultsWhile reactance and phase both correlated with FF and T1 muscle score, 50 kHz reactance was most sensitive to muscle structure alterations measured by both T1 score (ρ = −0.71, P < .001) and FF (ρ = −0.74, P < .001).DiscussionThis study establishes the correlation of EIM with structural MRI features in FSHD and supports further evaluation of EIM as a potential biomarker in FSHD clinical trials.
Limitations of 6‐minute walk test reference values for spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Goodwin Ashley M. , Cornett Kayla M.D. , McKay Marnee J. , Burns Joshua , Garber Carol Ewing , De Vivo Darryl C. , Montes Jacqueline 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe 6‐minute walk test (6MWT) is a well‐established clinical assessment of functional endurance, validated as a measure of walking ability in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). The current availability of disease‐modifying therapies for SMA indicates a growing need for normative reference data to compare SMA patients with healthy controls.MethodsThe literature was searched in two scientific databases. Studies were evaluated and selected based on adherence to American Thoracic Society guidelines for administering the 6MWT. Reference equations from the selected studies were applied to 6MWT data collected from SMA patients to calculate and compare % predicted values.ResultsThree pediatric and six adult studies were selected for comparison. The % predicted values using the pediatric and adult equations ranged from 47.7 ± 18.2% to 67.6 ± 26.2% and 43.0 ± 17.9% to 59.5 ± 26.2%, respectively, and were significantly different (P < 0.001).DiscussionResults suggest significant variability between % predicted values derived from published reference equations in children and adults, despite adherence to 6MWT standardization.
The cost of a “benign” condition: Healthcare utilization and infectious outcomes in young children with primary autoimmune neutropenia
Authors: Kirk Susan E. , Grimes Amanda Bell , Shelke Sayali , Despotovic Jenny M. , Powers Jacquelyn M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundAutoimmune neutropenia (AIN) is a common cause of chronic neutropenia in childhood. Despite an expected benign clinical course, many patients undergo extensive evaluation. Data on healthcare utilization and rates of bloodstream infections in young patients with AIN are limited.MethodsAll patients with a diagnosis code of leukopenia, neutropenia, or AIN followed within the outpatient hematology clinic of a single institution from 2014 to 2016 were identified. Patients aged ≤5 years with absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≤500/µL persisting for ≥3 months, a clinical diagnosis of AIN, and documented resolution of neutropenia were included. Data on clinical management, including infectious outcomes and emergency center (EC) encounters, were collected.ResultsForty‐three patients with AIN (18 male [42%], median age at diagnosis 12 months) met eligibility criteria. Children were followed by hematology for a median duration of 18 (range, 2‐85) months. Diagnostic evaluations were variable. Thirty patients (70%) had ≥ 1 EC encounters for evaluation of isolated fever with a total of 113 EC encounters for the overall cohort. Patients with ANC < 500/µL and isolated fever were admitted for observation, which resulted in 24 hospitalizations in 16 patients. Of 138 blood cultures drawn, two were positive, both later determined to be contaminants.ConclusionAt a large tertiary care center, no bloodstream infections were identified in a cohort of 43 children with AIN presenting to the EC for assessment of fever. A less‐intensive, more cost‐effective management paradigm, which continues to prioritize patient safety, among young children with AIN is needed.
Interactions between birds and flowers of Rhododendron spp., and their implications for mountain communities in Nepal
Authors: Ollerton Jeff , Koju Narayan P. , Maharjan Sanu R. , Bashyal Bijay 
Published: December 2019

Societal Impact StatementPlant–pollinator relationships are fundamentally important for the conservation of the terrestrial biodiversity that rural communities in low‐income countries rely upon. In Nepal, a country that is biologically rich but economically poor, Rhododendron forests provide a range of ecosystem services that are under threat from overexploitation and climate change. Here, we suggest a vital role for pollinating birds in ensuring the sexual reproduction, and thus the long‐term survival, of Rhododendron populations. In this respect, the pollinators are an important link between people and the plants on which they depend. However, we also highlight how little we know about these interactions, with significant knowledge gaps for even the most basic aspects of their ecology.
PhoH2 proteins couple RNA helicase and RNAse activities
Authors: Andrews Emma S. V. , Arcus Vickery L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPhoH2 proteins are found in a very diverse range of microorganisms that span bacteria and archaea. These proteins are composed of two domains: an N‐terminal PIN‐domain fused with a C‐terminal PhoH domain. Collectively this fusion functions as an RNA helicase and ribonuclease. In other genomic contexts, PINdomains and PhoHdomains are separate but adjacent suggesting association to achieve similar function. Exclusively among the mycobacteria, PhoH2 proteins are encoded in the genome with an upstream gene, phoAT, which is thought to play the role of an antitoxin (in place of the traditional VapB antitoxin that lies upstream of the 47 other PINdomains in the mycobacterial genome). This review examines PhoH2 proteins as a whole and describes the bioinformatics, biochemical, structural, and biological properties of the two domains that make up PhoH2: PIN and PhoH. We review the transcriptional regulators of phoH2 from two mycobacterial species and speculate on the function of PhoH2 proteins in the context of a Type II toxin–antitoxin system which are thought to play a role in the stress response in bacteria.
Linking spatial and social mobility: Is London's “escalator” as strong as it was?
Authors: Champion Tony , Gordon Ian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe “escalator region” concept became a key element of migration literature after Fielding's work on South East England and fuelled a welcome growth of interest in the links between spatial and social mobility. More recent research has shown that London has continued to perform an escalator function since the 1970s, but little attention has been given to how its strength has altered both over time and compared with other parts of the UK. Against the background of the declining rates of internal migration observed in the United States and several other countries, this paper seeks to identify whether London's escalator role was waxing or waning over the four intercensal decades between 1971 and 2011. The primary emphasis is on the chances of people shifting up from noncore to core white‐collar work during each decade for London's nonmigrant and in‐migrant populations, in both absolute terms and relative to England's second‐order cities. It is found that over the three decades since the 1970s London's escalator was still performing in the way originally conceived, but although its net gain of young adults from the rest of England and Wales steadily increased over this period, it was not operating as strongly in 2001–2011 as during the 1990s in terms of both the career‐progression premium gained by its in‐migrants and the extent of its advantage over England's second‐order cities.
Concurrent development and verification of an all‐software baseband for satellite ground operations
Authors: Mwakyanjala Moses B. , Nieto‐Peroy Cristóbal , Emami M. Reza , van de Beek Jaap 
Published: December 2019

SummaryCommunication systems are adopting all‐software architectures, because of their scalability, extensibility, flexibility, and cost‐effectiveness. This paper introduces a concurrent approach to the development and verification of baseband systems for satellite ground operations based on the behaviour‐driven development methodology. The open‐source GNU Radio development kit is used for developing the software‐defined radio baseband signal processing, as well as simulating the satellite and realistic channel impairments. The system performance at the end shows deviations of less than 1 dB with respect to the ideal performance and the Green Book standards specified by the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems.
Generation of Anisotropic Au Nanostructures in Aqueous Carboxymethyl Cellulose Matrix for Potential Catalytic Application
Authors: Borgohain Xavy , Yomcha Jarpum , Khan Aslam , Rashid Md. Harunar 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCarboxymethyl cellulose; Na‐salt (Na‐CMC), an economical and safe carbohydrate molecule has been successfully used as a reducing‐cum‐shape‐directing agent to prepare anisotropic Au nanostructures at room temperature. To better understand the growth habits, Au nanostructures have also been prepared using Na‐CMC at a higher temperature. Electron microscopy analysis confirmed the formation of tape‐like Au nanostructures at room temperature which are composed of triangular‐shaped structures attached orientally along (111) direction. Visual observation indicated a higher rate of formation of Au nanostructures at higher temperatures and hence thermodynamically stable nearly spherical Au nanoparticles are formed. Kinetic studies revealed that at room temperature, the formation of tape‐like structures starts from the beginning due to the assembled structures of Na‐CMC in water. These tape‐like Au nanostructures exhibit excellent catalytic performance in the borohydride reduction of p‐nitrophenol with maximum apparent rate constant, kapp value of 2.3 × 10‐2 s‐1.
Ultrathin 2D Ni‐UMOF Composites for Highly‐Efficient 4‐Nitrophenol Hydrogenation
Authors: Yang Xian‐Feng , Xiong Ren‐Jie , Chang Xue , Wang Shuo , Ding Zhu , Li Quan‐Wen , Wang Dan‐Hong , Zhang Ming‐Hui 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIt is a challenge to synthesize metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) catalysts with high catalytic activity and stability under reaction conditions. For this study, the combinations of two‐dimensional (2D) ultrathin nickel‐organic framework (Ni‐UMOF) with layered graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) or graphene oxide (GO) as promising composite catalysts for the hydrogenation of 4‐nitrophenol were reported. The ultrathin nanosheet composites (Ni‐UMOF/g‐C3N4 and Ni‐UMOF/GO) are obtained by a simple sol‐gel method and exhibit higher hydrogenation activity and recyclability than commercial Pd/C or Pt/C catalysts. The structures and properties of the catalysts are elucidated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), fourier transform infrared spectra (FT‐IR), Raman, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV‐Vis), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electron spin‐resonance spectroscopy (ESR) and temperature‐programmed reduction (TPR). The results reveal that oxygen vacancies are produced on the surface of Ni‐UMOF composites and act as the dominating active sites during hydrogenation process. This sol‐gel method can be applied to synthesize other 2D ultrathin MOFs composites with high catalytic activities and recyclability for redox reactions.
Highly Morphology‐Controllable and Highly Sensitive Capacitive Tactile Sensor Based on Epidermis‐Dermis‐Inspired Interlocked Asymmetric‐Nanocone Arrays for Detection of Tiny Pressure
Authors: Niu Hongsen , Gao Song , Yue Wenjing , Li Yang , Zhou Weijia , Liu Hong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe tactile sensor lies at the heart of electronic skin and is of great importance in the development of flexible electronic devices. To date, it still remains a critical challenge to develop a large‐scale capacitive tactile sensor with high sensitivity and controllable morphology in an economical way. Inspired by the interlocked microridges between the epidermis and dermis, herein, a highly sensitive capacitive tactile sensor by creating interlocked asymmetric‐nanocones in poly(vinylidenefluoride‐co‐trifluoroethylene) film is proposed. Particularly, a facile method based on cone‐shaped nanoporous anodized aluminum oxide templates is proposed to cost‐effectively fabricate the highly ordered nanocones in a controllable manner and on a large scale. Finite‐element analysis reveals that under vertical forces, the strain/stress can be highly strengthened and localized at the contact apexes, resulting in an amplified variation of film permittivity and thickness. Benefiting from this, the developed tactile sensor presents several conspicuous features, including the maximum sensitivity (6.583 kPa−1) in the low pressure region (0–100 Pa), ultralow detection limit (≈3 Pa), rapid response/recovery time (48/36 ms), excellent stability and reproducibility (10 000 cycles). These salient merits enable the sensor to be successfully applied in a variety of applications including sign language gesture detection, spatial pressure mapping, Braille recognition, and physiological signal monitoring.
Temperature Dependence of the STM Morphology and Electronic Level Structure of Silver‐Containing DNA
Authors: Fardian‐Melamed Natalie , Eidelshtein Gennady , Rotem Dvir , Kotlyar Alexander , Porath Danny 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the effect of external conditions, temperature in particular, on novel nanomaterials is of great significance. The powerful ability of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to characterize topography and electronic levels on a single molecule scale is utilized herein to characterize individual silver‐containing poly(dG)–poly(dC) DNA molecules, at different temperatures. These measurements indicate that the molecule is a truly hybrid metal–organic nanomaterial with electronic states originating from both the DNA and the embedded silver. The temperature dependence of this density of states (DOS) leads to the temperature dependent STM apparent height of the molecule—a phenomenon that has not been observed before for other complex nanostructures.
Transparent Electrothermal Film Defoggers and Antiicing Coatings based on Wrinkled Graphene
Authors: Li Zechen , Zhen Zhen , Chai Maosheng , Zhao Xuanliang , Zhong Yujia , Zhu Hongwei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFog, frost, ice, and other natural phenomena can inevitably affect human life and the function of equipment. Therefore, removal or prevention is an urgent problem to be solved. As a new type of 2D material, graphene possesses great application potential in defogging and antiicing. In this work, a graphene film with intentionally increased defects and uniformly distributed wrinkles is synthesized on copper–zinc alloy substrates by chemical vapor deposition, and transparent electrothermal film defoggers are prepared based on such material. The defoggers can completely remove fog within 5 s when supplying a safe voltage of 28 V. The surface resistance of the defoggers is sensitive to humidity and it can monitor the defogging process in real time. Such outstanding performance is attributed to the ultrafast evaporation mechanism, which can prevent excessive water accumulation. The antiicing performance of wrinkled graphene (WG) is further studied. The antiicing coatings can delay freezing for 1.25 h at −15 °C or 2.8 h at −10 °C. The superior performance of WG can be explained by its unique surface structure and nanoscale roughness. Taken together, WG is expected to be used in antifog glass, rearview mirror defogging, aircraft surface deicing, and other applications.
Experimental investigation of prestressed two layer reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Iskhakov Iakov , Ribakov Yuri , Holschemacher Klaus , Kaeseberg Stefan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study continues a series of investigation of two‐layer beams (TLB), performed by the authors. This series includes developing an idea of a TLB, testing steel fibered high strength concrete (SFHSC) as material, testing simple supported and continuous two‐span TLBs. The present research is focused on testing full‐scale prestressed simple supported TLBs (PTLBs). The study is aimed at investigating PTLBs behavior at four‐point bending and its comparison with that of nonprestressed ones. Like in the previous research stages, interaction of concrete layers in a PTLB was studied to prove the efficiency of such beams for real long‐span reinforced concrete beams. No de‐bonding between the SFHSC and normal strength concrete layers was observed up to the ultimate limit state of the tested beams that demonstrates proper interaction between the layers. Results, obtained in the present study, enable to recommend PTLB for further investigation of full‐scale reinforced concrete elements with longer spans (9–12 m) and their practical application as effective and economical bending elements.