bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Linkage Between Rossby Wave Phase Speed, Atmospheric Blocking, and Arctic Amplification
Authors: Riboldi Jacopo , Lott François , D'Andrea Fabio , Rivière Gwendal 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIt has been hypothesized that enhanced Arctic warming with respect to midlatitudes, known as Arctic amplification, had led to a deceleration of eastward propagating Rossby waves, more frequent atmospheric blocking, and extreme weather in recent decades. We employ a novel, daily climatology of Rossby wave phase speed between March 1979 and November 2018, based on upper‐level wind data, to test this hypothesis and describe phase speed variability. The diagnostic distinguishes between periods of enhanced or reduced eastward wave propagation and is related to the occurrence of blocking and extreme temperatures over midlatitudes. While remaining tied to the upper‐level geopotential gradient, decadal trends in phase speed did not accompany the observed reduction in the low‐level temperature gradient. These results confirm the link between low phase speeds and extreme temperature events, but indicate that Arctic amplification did not play a decisive role in modulating phase speed variability in recent decades.
Modeling Fluid Reinjection Into an Enhanced Geothermal System
Authors: Parisio Francesco , Yoshioka Keita 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe manuscript analyzes the stimulation for an Enhanced Geothermal System development in Acoculco, Mexico. Using an analytical penny‐shaped hydraulic fracture model covering different propagation regimes, we computed the final fracture length and width by varying fluid properties with temperature. Our analysis indicates that for the given scenario, the fluid viscosity plays a minor role and instead flow rate and time of the stimulation are the controlling variables. We computed the fracture reopening as a consequence of water reinjection in the second stage of the stimulation through numerical computations based on the enriched discontinuity method. The computation shows that a single isolated fracture will not provide sufficient permeability, as the continuous injection will quickly fill and pressurize the crack. We demonstrate that the fracture needs to be connected to a permeable network to avoid excessive pressurization and achieve a commercially exploitable reservoir for Enhanced Geothermal System.
Year‐Round Measurements of the Irminger Current: Variability of a Two‐Core Current System Observed in 2014–2016
Authors: de Jong M. F. , de Steur L. , Fried N. , Bol R. , Kritsotalakis S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Irminger Current (IC), flowing northeastward along the western flank of the Reykjanes Ridge, is an important component in the overturning of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre. A 2‐year (2014–2016) time series from moored observations shows that the IC consists of two highly variable current cores. A subsampling experiment, using an ocean reanalysis, showed that this current's variability is adequately captured by the array. The two current cores contribute nearly equally to the mean volume transport. The total 2‐year mean transport was found to be 10.6 Sv with a standard deviation of daily (monthly) values of 9.2 Sv (4.4 Sv) and a standard error of 1.4 Sv. Mean heat and freshwater transport were 0.21 PW and −22.5 mSv, respectively (Sref = 34.92). The volume transport is strongest in spring, and the average over the first year (8.6 Sv) was lower than that of the second year (12.4 Sv), coinciding with an increase in the density gradient over the array in the second year. The variability of the total transport is dominated by variations in the western core, while the warmer, saltier eastern core contributes more to the heat and (negative) freshwater transport. During the two observed winters, which were marked by exceptional deep convection in the central Irminger Sea, mixed layer deepening down to 400 m depth and outcropping of the 27.7 kg m3 isopycnal were observed within the IC.
Nociceptive behavioural assessments in mouse models of temporomandibular joint disorders
Authors: Li Jun , Ma Kaige , Yi Dan , Oh Chun-do , Chen Di 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOrofacial pain or tenderness is a primary symptom associated with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders (TMDs). To understand the pathological mechanisms underlying TMDs, several mouse models have been developed, including mechanical stimulus-induced TMD and genetic mouse models. However, a lack of feasible approaches for assessing TMD-related nociceptive behaviours in the orofacial region of mice has hindered the in-depth study of TMD-associated mechanisms. This study aimed to explore modifications of three existing methods to analyse nociceptive behaviours using two TMD mouse models: (1) mechanical allodynia was tested using von Frey filaments in the mouse TMJ region by placing mice in specially designed chambers; (2) bite force was measured using the Economical Load and Force (ELF) system; and (3) spontaneous feeding behaviour tests, including eating duration and frequency, were analysed using the Laboratory Animal Behaviour Observation Registration and Analysis System (LABORAS). We successfully assessed changes in nociceptive behaviours in two TMD mouse models, a unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC)-induced TMD mouse model and a β-catenin conditional activation mouse model. We found that the UAC model and β-catenin conditional activation mouse model were significantly associated with signs of increased mechanical allodynia, lower bite force, and decreased spontaneous feeding behaviour, indicating manifestations of TMD. These behavioural changes were consistent with the cartilage degradation phenotype observed in these mouse models. Our studies have shown reliable methods to analyse nociceptive behaviours in mice and may indicate that these methods are valid to assess signs of TMD in mice.
Immune response and endocytosis pathways are associated with the resilience against Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Tesi Niccolò , van der Lee Sven J. , Hulsman Marc , Jansen Iris E. , Stringa Najada , van Schoor Natasja M. , Scheltens Philip , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Huisman Martijn , Reinders Marcel J. T. , Holstege Henne 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDeveloping Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is influenced by multiple genetic variants that are involved in five major AD-pathways. Per individual, these pathways may differentially contribute to the modification of the AD-risk. The pathways involved in the resilience against AD have thus far been poorly addressed. Here, we investigated to what extent each molecular mechanism associates with (i) the increased risk of AD and (ii) the resilience against AD until extreme old age, by comparing pathway-specific polygenic risk scores (pathway-PRS). We used 29 genetic variants associated with AD to develop pathway-PRS for five major pathways involved in AD. We developed an integrative framework that allows multiple genes to associate with a variant, and multiple pathways to associate with a gene. We studied pathway-PRS in the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort of well-phenotyped AD patients (N = 1895), Dutch population controls from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (N = 1654) and our unique 100-plus Study cohort of cognitively healthy centenarians who avoided AD (N = 293). Last, we estimated the contribution of each pathway to the genetic risk of AD in the general population. All pathway-PRS significantly associated with increased AD-risk and (in the opposite direction) with resilience against AD (except for angiogenesis, p < 0.05). The pathway that contributed most to the overall modulation of AD-risk was β-amyloid metabolism (29.6%), which was driven mainly by APOE-variants. After excluding APOE variants, all pathway-PRS associated with increased AD-risk (except for angiogenesis, p < 0.05), while specifically immune response (p = 0.003) and endocytosis (p = 0.0003) associated with resilience against AD. Indeed, the variants in these latter two pathways became the main contributors to the overall modulation of genetic risk of AD (45.5% and 19.2%, respectively). The genetic variants associated with the resilience against AD indicate which pathways are involved with maintained cognitive functioning until extreme ages. Our work suggests that a favorable immune response and a maintained endocytosis pathway might be involved in general neuro-protection, which highlight the need to investigate these pathways, next to β-amyloid metabolism.
Androgen receptor signalling impairs docetaxel efficacy in castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Mout Lisanne , Moll Jan M. , Chen Mingqing , de Morrée Eleonora S. , de Ridder Corrina M. A. , Gibson Alice , Stuurman Debra , Aghai Ashraf , Erkens-Schulze Sigrun , Mathijssen Ron H. J. , Sparreboom Alex , de Wit Ronald , Lolkema Martijn P. , van Weerden Wytske M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAndrogen receptor (AR) signalling drives neoplastic growth and therapy resistance in prostate cancer. Recent clinical data show that docetaxel combined with androgen deprivation therapy improves outcome in hormone-sensitive disease. We studied whether testosterone and AR signalling interferes with docetaxel treatment efficacy in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). We found that testosterone supplementation significantly impaired docetaxel tumour accumulation in a CRPC model, resulting in decreased tubulin stabilisation and antitumour activity. Furthermore, testosterone competed with docetaxel for uptake by the drug transporter OATP1B3. Irrespective of docetaxel-induced tubulin stabilisation, AR signalling by testosterone counteracted docetaxel efficacy. AR-pathway activation could also reverse long-term tumour regression by docetaxel treatment in vivo. These results indicate that to optimise docetaxel efficacy, androgen levels and AR signalling need to be suppressed. This study lends evidence for continued maximum suppression of AR signalling by combining targeted therapeutics with docetaxel in CRPC.
Human-like driving behaviour emerges from a risk-based driver model
Authors: Kolekar Sarvesh , de Winter Joost , Abbink David 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCurrent driving behaviour models are designed for specific scenarios, such as curve driving, obstacle avoidance, car-following, or overtaking. However, humans can drive in diverse scenarios. Can we find an underlying principle from which driving behaviour in different scenarios emerges? We propose the Driver’s Risk Field (DRF), a two-dimensional field that represents the driver’s belief about the probability of an event occurring. The DRF, when multiplied with the consequence of the event, provides an estimate of the driver’s perceived risk. Through human-in-the-loop and computer simulations, we show that human-like driving behaviour emerges when the DRF is coupled to a controller that maintains the perceived risk below a threshold-level. The DRF model predictions concur with driving behaviour reported in literature for seven different scenarios (curve radii, lane widths, obstacle avoidance, roadside furniture, car-following, overtaking, oncoming traffic). We conclude that our generalizable DRF model is scientifically satisfying and has applications in automated vehicles.
Visible-light-driven amino acids production from biomass-based feedstocks over ultrathin CdS nanosheets
Authors: Song Song , Qu Jiafu , Han Peijie , Hülsey Max J. , Zhang Guping , Wang Yunzhu , Wang Shuai , Chen Dongyun , Lu Jianmei , Yan Ning 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChemical synthesis of amino acids from renewable sources is an alternative route to the current processes based on fermentation. Here, we report visible-light-driven amination of biomass-derived α-hydroxyl acids and glucose into amino acids using NH3 at 50 °C. Ultrathin CdS nanosheets are identified as an efficient and stable catalyst, exhibiting an order of magnitude higher activity towards alanine production from lactic acid compared to commercial CdS as well as CdS nanoobjects bearing other morphologies. Its unique catalytic property is attributed mainly to the preferential formation of oxygen-centered radicals to promote α-hydroxyl acids conversion to α-keto acids, and partially to the poor H2 evolution which is an undesired side reaction. Encouragingly, a number of amino acids are prepared using the current protocol, and one-pot photocatalytic conversion of glucose to alanine is also achieved. This work offers an effective catalytic system for amino acid synthesis from biomass feedstocks under mild conditions.
Strain localisation and failure at twin-boundary complexions in nickel-based superalloys
Authors: Zhang Zhenbo , Yang Zhibiao , Lu Song , Harte Allan , Morana Roberto , Preuss Michael 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTwin boundaries (TBs) in Ni-based superalloys are vulnerable sites for failure in demanding environments, and a current lack of mechanistic understanding hampers the reliable lifetime prediction and performance optimisation of these alloys. Here we report the discovery of an unexpected γ″ precipitation mechanism at TBs that takes the responsibility for alloy failure in demanding environments. Using multiscale microstructural and mechanical characterisations (from millimetre down to atomic level) and DFT calculations, we demonstrate that abnormal γ″ precipitation along TBs accounts for the premature dislocation activities and pronounced strain localisation associated with TBs during mechanical loading, which serves as a precursor for crack initiation. We clarify the physical origin of the TBs-related cracking at the atomic level of γ″-strengthened Ni-based superalloys in a hydrogen containing environment, and provide practical methods to mitigate the adverse effect of TBs on the performance of these alloys.
Flexopiezoelectricity at ferroelastic domain walls in WO3 films
Authors: Yun Shinhee , Song Kyung , Chu Kanghyun , Hwang Soo-Yoon , Kim Gi-Yeop , Seo Jeongdae , Woo Chang-Su , Choi Si-Young , Yang Chan-Ho 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe emergence of a domain wall property that is forbidden by symmetry in bulk can offer unforeseen opportunities for nanoscale low-dimensional functionalities in ferroic materials. Here, we report that the piezoelectric response is greatly enhanced in the ferroelastic domain walls of centrosymmetric tungsten trioxide thin films due to a large strain gradient of 106 m−1, which exists over a rather wide width (~20 nm) of the wall. The interrelationship between the strain gradient, electric polarity, and the electromechanical property is scrutinized by detecting of the lattice distortion using atomic scale strain analysis, and also by detecting the depolarized electric field using differential phase contrast technique. We further demonstrate that the domain walls can be manipulated and aligned in specific directions deterministically using a scanning tip, which produces a surficial strain gradient. Our findings provide the comprehensive observation of a flexopiezoelectric phenomenon that is artificially controlled by externally induced strain gradients.
Examining the impact of inducible ischemia on myocardial fibrosis and exercise capacity in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Malahfji Maan , Senapati Alpana , Debs Dany , Angulo Clara , Zhan Yang , Nagueh Sherif F. , Shah Dipan J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMyocardial ischemia in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is associated with poor outcomes. Vasodilator stress cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) can detect and quantitate inducible ischemia in HCM patients. We hypothesized that myocardial ischemia assessed by CMR is associated with myocardial fibrosis and reduced exercise capacity in HCM. In 105 consecutive HCM patients, we performed quantitative assessment of left ventricular volume and mass, wall thickness, segmental wall thickening percent, segmental late Gadolinium enhancement (LGE), and extracellular volume fraction (ECV). Time-signal intensity curves of first pass perfusion sequences were generated for each segment at stress and rest. A myocardial perfusion reserve index (MPRI) (stress/rest slope) was calculated. Patients who underwent an echocardiographic (n = 73) and cardiopulmonary exercise test (n = 37) within 30 days were included. The mean age was 53.2 ± 15.4 years; 60% were male, and 82 patients had asymmetric hypertrophy. Segments with end diastolic thickness ≥ 1.2 cm had a higher burden of LGE (4.1% vs 0.5% per segment), reduced MPRI (2.6 ± 1.5 vs 3.1 ± 1.8) and reduced thickening percent (48.9 ± 41.7% vs. 105.3 ± 59.5%), (P < 0.0001 for all comparisons). Patients with ischemia (any segment with MPRI < 2) were more likely to have dynamic left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction (63.3% vs 36.7%, P = 0.01), to be smokers (17% vs 6.9%, P = 0.04), and had a higher ECV (30% vs 28%, P = 0.04). The total LGE burden was similar between the two groups (P = 0.47). Increasing ischemia burden (number of segments with MPRI < 2) was associated with worsened ventilatory efficiency (VE/VCO2) (P < 0.001) but not peak oxygen consumption or anerobic threshold (P > 0.2). In a patient-level multivariable logistic regression model, only LVOT obstruction remained a significant predictor of ischemia burden (P = 0.03). Myocardial ischemia by CMR is associated with myocardial segmental dysfunction and interstitial fibrosis, as assessed by ECV, in HCM patients, even in segments free of LGE. Conversely, quantitative ischemia burden was not associated with replacement fibrosis as assessed by total LGE burden. Patients with ischemia had greater prevalence of dynamic LVOT obstruction; and in a subset of patients with cardiopulmonary exercise testing, ischemia burden was associated with worsened ventilatory efficiency.
Safety and functional enrichment of gut microbiome in healthy subjects consuming a multi-strain fermented milk product: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Alvarez Anne-Sophie , Tap Julien , Chambaud Isabelle , Cools-Portier Stéphanie , Quinquis Laurent , Bourlioux Pierre , Marteau Philippe , Guillemard Eric , Schrezenmeir Juergen , Derrien Muriel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMany clinical studies have evaluated the effect of probiotics, but only a few have assessed their dose effects on gut microbiota and host. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, controlled intervention clinical trial to assess the safety (primary endpoint) of and gut microbiota response (secondary endpoint) to the daily ingestion for 4 weeks of two doses (1 or 3 bottles/day) of a fermented milk product (Test) in 96 healthy adults. The Test product is a multi-strain fermented milk product, combining yogurt strains and probiotic candidate strains Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei CNCM I-1518 and CNCM I-3689 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM I-3690. We assessed the safety of the Test product on the following parameters: adverse events, vital signs, hematological and metabolic profile, hepatic, kidney or thyroid function, inflammatory markers, bowel habits and digestive symptoms. We explored the longitudinal gut microbiota response to product consumption and dose, by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and functional contribution by shotgun metagenomics. Safety results did not show any significant difference between the Test and Control products whatever the parameters assessed, at the two doses ingested daily over a 4-week-period. Probiotic candidate strains were detected only during consumption period, and at a significantly higher level for the three strains in subjects who consumed 3 products bottles/day. The global structure of the gut microbiota as assessed by alpha and beta-diversity, was not altered by consumption of the product for four weeks. A zero-inflated beta regression model with random effects (ZIBR) identified a few bacterial genera with differential responses to test product consumption dose compared to control. Shotgun metagenomics analysis revealed a functional contribution to the gut microbiome of probiotic candidates.
Low-profile elastic exosuit reduces back muscle fatigue
Authors: Lamers Erik P. , Soltys Juliana C. , Scherpereel Keaton L. , Yang Aaron J. , Zelik Karl E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe investigated the extent to which an un-motorized, low-profile, elastic exosuit reduced the rate of fatigue for six lumbar extensor muscles during leaning. Six healthy subjects participated in an A-B-A (withdrawal design) study protocol, which involved leaning at 45º for up to 90 s without exosuit assistance (A1), then with assistance (B), then again without assistance (A2). The exosuit provided approximately 12–16 Nm of lumbar extension torque. We measured lumbar muscle activity (via surface electromyography) and assessed fatigue rate via median frequency slope. We found that five of the six subjects showed consistent reductions in fatigue rate (ranging from 26% to 87%) for a subset of lumbar muscles (ranging from one to all six lumbar muscles measured). These findings objectively demonstrate the ability of a low-profile elastic exosuit to reduce back muscle fatigue during leaning, which may improve endurance for various occupations.
Antibodies from Sierra Leonean and Nigerian Lassa fever survivors cross-react with recombinant proteins representing Lassa viruses of divergent lineages
Authors: Heinrich Megan L. , Boisen Matthew L. , Nelson Diana K. S. , Bush Duane J. , Cross Robert W. , Koval Anatoliy P. , Hoffmann Andrew R. , Beddingfield Brandon J. , Hastie Kathryn M. , Rowland Megan M. , Aimukanova Irina , Koval Sophia , Lathigra Raju , Borisevich Viktoriya , Momoh Mambu , Sandi John Demby , Goba Augustine , Odia lkponmwosa , Baimba Francis , Aiyepada John O. , Ebo Benevolence , Eromon Philomena , Ugwu Chinedu , Folarin Onikepe , Olumade Testimony , Onyechi MacDonald N. , Etafo Johnson , Adeyemi Rashidat , Ella Elijah E. , Aminu Maryam , Gomerep Simji S. , Eke Matthew Afam , Ogunsanya Olusola , Akpede George O. , Asogun Danny O. , Okogbenin Sylvanus A. , Okokhere Peter O. , Holst Johan , Shaffer Jeffrey G. , Schieffelin John S. , Geisbert Thomas W. , Saphire Erica Ollmann , Happi Christian T. , Grant Donald S. , Garry Robert F. , Branco Luis M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLassa virus (LASV) is the causative agent of Lassa fever, an often-fatal hemorrhagic disease that is endemic in West Africa. Seven genetically distinct LASV lineages have been identified. As part of CEPI’s (Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations) Lassa vaccine development program, we assessed the potential of the human immune system to mount cross-reactive and cross-protective humoral immune responses to antigens from the most prevalent LASV lineages, which are lineages II and III in Nigeria and lineage IV in Sierra Leone. IgG and IgM present in the blood of Lassa fever survivors from Nigeria or Sierra Leone exhibited substantial cross-reactivity for binding to LASV nucleoprotein and two engineered (linked and prefusion) versions of the glycoproteins (GP) of lineages II–IV. There was less cross-reactivity for the Zinc protein. Serum or plasma from Nigerian Lassa fever survivors neutralized LASV pseudoviruses expressing lineage II GP better than they neutralized lineage III or IV GP expressing pseudoviruses. Sierra Leonean survivors did not exhibit a lineage bias. Neutralization titres determined using LASV pseudovirus assays showed significant correlation with titres determined by plaque reduction with infectious LASV. These studies provide guidance for comparison of humoral immunity to LASV of distinct lineages following natural infection or immunization.