bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Serum Zinc and Copper Levels among Sudanese Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 in Khartoum State-Sudan
Authors: Omer Thowyba Elhadi , Saeed Abdelwahab Abdien , Elmukashfi Salman Taha Ahmed 
Published: April 2020

Background: Diabetes population in Sudan is around one million 90% have type 2 diabetes. In Sudan diabetes is as increasing problem, being responsible for 10% of hospital admission and mortality.
Measurement of zinc and copper is an important in decrease development of complication of DM, any disturbance in level of both zinc and copper have role in pathogenesis, prognosis of type 2 DM. This study aimed to assess the relationship between DM type 2 and trace elements by measured serum zinc and serum copper levels among Sudanese DM type 2 in Khartoum state.
Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive, case control study, was conducted in Khartoum state, Sudan. During the period from April to July 2018. Forty Sudanese patients with DM (20 controlled patients with DM and 20 uncontrolled patients with DM) Diabetes patients were divided into controlled and uncontrolled groups by measuring HbA1C. (Female 25% and male 15%), with different age. were selected as case and 30 apparently healthy individuals were selected as control group. Serum zinc and copper levels were analysis using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and ichroma for HbA1c, the obtained results were analyzed using social science software package.
Results: This study showed significant lower of serum zinc in diabetes type 2 patients comparison with control group and on another hand showed significant increase of serum copper in diabetes type 2 patients.
We concluded serum zinc significant lower in both diabetes group than healthy group, copper significant high in both diabetes group than healthy group, gender have significant effect in serum zinc and copper, weak positive correlation between zinc and HbA1C and weak negative correlation between copper and HbA1C.
Conclusion: This study concluded that the serum levels of Zinc significant lower in type 2 diabetes than healthy individuals. Serum levels of Copper significant increase in type 2 diabetes than healthy individuals as have been found in present study. Gender have significant effect in serum Zn and Cu in diabetic patients.
Weak Positive correlation between serum Zinc with HbA1c and weak negative correlation between copper with HbA1c.
Optimized incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics methods and validations
Authors: Ramos Ortega Melissa , Beaudoin Anthony , Huberson Serge 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe solution of the Poisson's equation used by the incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (ISPH) methods for estimating the pressure field is expensive in CPU time. The CPU time, consumed by the inversion of the operator ∇(1/ρ∇) and the estimation of the right hand side of the Poisson's equation, increases with the number N of particles used in a purely Lagrangian framework. In this work, this default of ISPH methods is overcome by solving the Poisson's equation on a Cartesian grid. This SPH‐mesh coupling is equivalent to the particle in cell method. In a first step, in order to analyze its efficiency, the optimized version of two ISPH methods (divergence free and density invariant) is compared with the standard weakly compressible SPH method through two benchmarks of incompressible bidimensional flows characterized by the Reynolds number Re, Lamb‐Oseen vortex (10 ≤Re≤ 100) and lid‐driven cavity flow (100 ≤Re≤ 1000). In a second step, the numerical results obtained by the three SPH methods are compared to laboratory experimental data of a dam break flow in order to show the performance of the SPH‐mesh coupling in a practical and complex flow problem. As in the configuration of the experimental setup, the numerical results are obtained for a Reynolds number Re = 3.8 106.
Development and functional analysis of an anticancer T‐cell medicine with immune checkpoint inhibitory ability
Authors: Fujiwara Kento , Shigematsu Kazuki , Tachibana Masashi , Okada Naoki 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAdoptive cell therapy using patients' own T‐cells is expected to be an ideal cancer treatment strategy with excellent antitumor effects and low side effects. However, this therapy targeting solid tumors is unlikely to be effective because tumor tissues have an environment that suppresses T‐cell function. In particular, interaction between programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) and its ligand (PD‐L1) inhibits T‐cell activation by which T‐cells eliminate tumor cells. Here, we attempted to develop T‐cells that can exert potent antitumor activity even in tumor tissues by genetically modifying them to express the anti‐PD‐L1 membrane‐anchoring type single chain variable fragment (M‐scFv) that can inhibit PD‐L1/PD‐1 interaction. Anti‐PD‐L1 M‐scFv could be expressed on T‐cells while maintaining PD‐L1‐binding ability. Although T‐cell proliferation induced by CD3 stimulation was decreased depending on the PD‐L1 stimulation intensity, M‐scFv‐expressing T‐cells showed high proliferative activity even in the presence of PD‐L1 by avoiding the PD‐L1/PD‐1‐mediated suppression. Furthermore, M‐scFv‐expressing T‐cells showed higher cytotoxic activity against PD‐L1high tumor cells than that of mock T‐cells. The effect of PD‐L1/PD‐1 blockade was more pronounced when the therapeutic target was low‐antigenic tumor cells with low major histocompatibility complex expression, presenting only the shared antigen. These results indicated that anti‐PD‐L1 M‐scFv expression was functional in avoiding T‐cell dysfunction by PD‐L1/PD‐1 interaction. Our concept of anti‐PD‐L1 M‐scFv‐expressing T‐cells is thus expected to improve the efficacy of T‐cell therapy and contribute to simplify the treatment system and reduce treatment costs compared with the combination therapy of T‐cells and antibodies.
Total synthesis of Cinncassin A1
Authors: Nuriye Ahmed Y. , Craescu Cristina V. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this communication, we report the first total synthesis of the phenolic natural product Cinncassin A1, which was recently isolated from the twigs of the cinnamon plant (Cinnamomum cassia). The novel and concise synthesis strategy involves a highly diastereoselective titanium enolate homocoupling and a permanganate‐mediated oxidative lactonization reaction as key steps. The structure of the compound was verified by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography.
Synthesis, cytotoxic, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitory effects of new 2‐(3‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐5‐(aryl)‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)benzo[d]thiazole derivatives
Authors: Tugrak Mehtap , Gul Halise Inci , Sakagami Hiroshi , Gulcin Ilhami 
Published: April 2020

Abstract2‐(3‐[4‐Methoxyphenyl]‐5‐aryl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)benzo[d]thiazoles (1b‐7b) were synthesized for the first time except 1b, and spectral methods such as 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS were utilized to illuminate the chemical structures of the synthesized compounds. Phenyl (1b), 2‐methoxyphenyl (2b), 4‐methoxyphenyl (3b), 4‐methoxy‐3‐hydroxyphenyl (4b), 2,5‐dimethoxyphenyl (5b), 3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl (6b), or thiophene‐2‐yl (7b) was used as a aryl part. The inhibitory effects of the compounds were evaluated toward human carbonic anhydrase I and II enzymes (hCA I and hCA II). In vitro cytotoxic effects of the compounds against human oral squamous carcinomas and human normal oral cells were carried out via MTT. The compounds (1b‐7b) had Ki values of 36.87 ± 11.62‐66.24 ± 2.99 μM (hCA I) and 22.66 ± 1.41‐89.95 ± 6.25 μM (hCA II). Compounds 1b (Ki = 36.87 ± 11.62 μM) toward hCA I, 6b (Ki = 22.66 ± 1.41 μM) toward hCA II had significant enzyme inhibitory potency. Compound 6b had the highest tumor selectivity (TS = 29.3) and potency selectivity expression (PSE = 272.3) values. Therefore, compounds 1b and 6b with CAs inhibition effect and compound 6b with the cytotoxicity may be forwarded to further studies as potent compounds.
Editorial for “A Multiparametric MRI‐based Radiomics Nomogram for Predicting Lymphovascular Space Invasion in Endometrial Carcinoma”
Authors: Kido Aki , Nishio Mizuho 
Published: April 2020

Level of Evidence4Technical Efficacy Stage4 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:1263–1264.
Expedient Synthesis of Lupulones and Their Derivatization to 2,8‐7H‐Dihydrochromen‐7‐ones
Authors: Decuyper Lena , Kaur Gurkirat , Versyck Charlotte , Blondeel Eline , Depetter Yves , Van Hecke Kristof , D'hooghe Matthias 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA convenient and improved method for the synthesis of beta acids or lupulones, which are known to possess e. g. anti‐cancer, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidative and antimicrobial activity, has been developed successfully. Further derivatization of these complex structures to the corresponding dihydrochromen‐7‐ones, including the natural product machuone, was realized to simplify their analysis and to confirm their molecular structure. In addition to practical and safe laboratory procedures, the advantages associated with this new approach involve the use of water as a solvent and the direct crystallization of lupunones from acetonitrile, rendering our strategy more efficient and benign as compared to available methods.
Decentralization as a strategy of regime maintenance: The case of Yemen
Authors: Clausen Maria‐Louise 
Published: April 2020

SummaryProponents of decentralization often argue that decentralization makes governments more accountable and responsive to the governed. This is perhaps why the decentralization literature tends to overlook Middle Eastern regimes as these are among the most authoritarian and most centralized regimes in the world. However, many of these regimes have included decentralization in their legal framework. This article shows how a weak regime can use decentralization as a regime maintenance strategy when formal decentralization reforms strengthens external and internal legitimacy. The articles main argument builds on the literature on decentralization and elite capture to show how weak regimes can use formal decentralization reform to undermine local autonomy. The article uses the case of Yemen to make this argument. Yemen has a long tradition for local bottom‐up initiatives and there is widespread internal support for decentralization. Simultaneously, donors have seen decentralization as a way of strengthening the Yemeni state, leading to international support to the formulation of the Local Authority Law of 2000, Law 4/2000, an extensive legal decentralization framework.
New Developments for the Repair of Structural Engine Components with Laser Material Deposition
Authors: Müller Bernd 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDriven by today's typical “power by the hour” type aftermarket support contracts (e.g. Corporate Care and Total Care) the demands for continuous operation of aircraft engines have increased significantly. For this reason, any disruption caused by heavy maintenance needs to be avoided. Where needed, repair operations should be as time, cost and material efficient as possible. However, service disruptions will still occur and wherever possible, the resulting maintenance intervention activities should take place either “on‐wing” or “near‐wing”. Consequently, it is the intention of Rolls‐Royce to introduce more and more in‐situ and minimal invasive maintenance capabilities, such as endoscopic laser material deposition (LMD), for the repair of structural engine components.
Testing the Potential of Regulatory Sigma Factor Mutants for Wastewater Purification or Bioreactor Run in High Light
Authors: Valev Dimitar , Kurkela Juha , Tyystjärvi Esa , Tyystjärvi Taina 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIt is shown that a freshly inoculated culture of the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 consumed almost all phosphate and 50% of nitrate within 6 days from the nutrient-rich BG-11 growth medium, indicating potential of cyanobacteria to purify wastewaters. Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 control strain also collected nutrients efficiently from a landfill leachate wastewater KA2 (5.9–6.9 mM ammonium and 0.073–0.077 mM phosphate). Wastewaters might induce oxidative stress to microalgae, which prompted us to test growth of sigma factor inactivation strains, as ΔsigBCE and ΔsigCDE strains show superior growth in chemically induced oxidative stress. All cyanobacterial strains, including a stress-sensitive strain ΔsigBCDE, grew well in KA2 for four days, indicating that KA2 did not cause immediate oxidative stress. Completely arrested growth and bleaching of ΔsigBCDE cells after one week in KA2 wastewater point to the importance of group 2 sigma factor-mediated changes in gene expression during wastewater treatment. The growth of ΔsigBCD was arrested early in un-buffered and Hepes buffered (pH 7.5) KA2. In ΔsigBCD, all phosphate transporter genes are upregulated in standard conditions, and ΔsigBCD cells showed growth defects in low-phosphate BG-11 medium. ΔsigBCD cells removed phosphate slower from KA2 than the control strain, but phosphate supplementation of KA2 did not improve growth of ΔsigBCD. The ΔsigBCE strain showed superior growth in a laboratory-scale bioreactor in bright light and removed phosphate even slightly more efficiently than the control strain if KA2 was Hepes buffered although ΔsigBCE grew slowly in un-buffered KA2 and in low-phosphate BG-11 medium. The results indicate that engineering expression of regulatory group 2 sigma factor(s) might be useful for practical applications.
A negative correlation between RUV and αox in low-luminosity AGNs
Authors: Li Shuang-Liang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIt has been controversial for years that the accretion mode is different for bright active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and low-luminosity AGNs (LLAGNs). In this work, we compile from literature a sample of 32 LLAGNs, consisting 18 LINERs and 14 low Eddington ratio (λ) Seyfert galaxies. A strong negative correlation between the radio loudness RUV and the optical to X-ray spectral index αox is reported for the first time. We further demonstrate that this negative correlation can be understood consistently and comprehensively under the truncated accretion — jet model, a model that has been applied successfully to LLAGNs. We argue that the scatter in the observations is mainly due to the spread in the viscosity parameter α of a hot accretion flow, a parameter that can potentially serve as a diagnosis of the strength and/or configuration of magnetic fields in accretion flows.
AGN and Star Formation Feedback in Galaxy Outflows
Authors: de Gouveia Dal Pino Elisabete M. , Clavijo-Bohórquez William , Melioli Claudio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLarge-scale, broad outflows are common in active galaxies. In systems where star formation coexists with an AGN, it is unclear yet the role that both play on driving the outflows. In this work we present three-dimensional radiative-cooling MHD simulations of the formation of these outflows, considering the feedback from both the AGN and supernovae-driven winds. We find that a large-opening-angle AGN wind develops fountain structures that make the expanding gas to fallback. Furthermore, it exhausts the gas near the nuclear region, extinguishing star formation and accretion within a few 100.000 yr, which establishes the duty cycle of these outflows. The AGN wind accounts for the highest speed features in the outflow with velocities around 10.000 km s−1 (as observed in UFOs), but these are not as cold and dense as required by observations of molecular outflows. The SNe-driven wind is the main responsible for the observed mass-loading of the outflows.
The correlation between the total jet power and the Poynting flux at the jet base
Authors: Nokhrina Elena E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe magneto hydrodynamic models of relativistic jets from active galactic nuclei predict the jet power transported by the Poynting flux at the jet base, setting the correlation between the jet power and the total magnetic flux. For highly collimated jets taking the transversal structure into account allows to rewrite this correlation through the observed jet properties such as spectral flux and core shift. Applying this method we find that, for the sample of 48 sources, their jet power distribution is well peaked at the theoretically predicted level.
X-ray probing of NGC 1275 nuclear region with Hitomi, Swift, and Suzaku
Authors: Fukazawa Yasushi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNGC 1275 has been known as a ppint-like X-ray source with a continuum and a Fe-K line. Unlike radio and GeV/TeV gamma-ray emissions, origin of X-ray emission is not yet understood; is it a jet emission like blazars or an accretion corona emission like Seyfert galaxies. X-ray emission is important to determine the SED of jet emission to constrain jet parameters and also understand the relation between accretion and jet. Here we report a recent X-ray probing of NGC 1275 nuclear region with Hitomi/SXS, Swift/XRT, and Suzaku/XIS. Hitomi/SXS gave the first opportunity to measure a Fe-K line of AGNs with several eV resolution. The line center is consistent with the neutral iron emission, and the width is constrained to be 500-1600 km/s (FWHM). This ruled out the origin of broad line region and inner accretion disk. A low-covering-fraction molecular torus or a rotating molecular disk around pc scales, illuminated by accretion corona emission, is suggested as a possible origin. For the continuum emission, Suzaku/XIS monitor observations revealed that the X-ray flux has gradually increased as the GeV gamma-ray flux. Swift/XRT showed a several-days flux increase, associated with the GeV gamma-ray flare. These results on the continuum emission suggests a contribution of jet emission to the X-ray emission. Based on the combined results of Fe-K line and continuum, we discuss some scenarios for X-ray emitting region.
The wind production from black hole hot accretion flow
Authors: Bu De-Fu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObservations of low luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGNs) and the hard state of black hole X-ray binaries (BHBs) show that the wind exists. Black hole in LLAGNs and hard state of BHBs accretes gas in hot accretion mode. In this paper, we first use magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of hot accretion flow around a black hole to study the origin of the wind. We find that the wind is driven by the combination of gradients of gas and magnetic pressure and centrifugal forces. Second, we use simulations with focus on the region around Bondi radius to study whether the wind can be generated outside Bondi radius. In the simulation studying hot accretion flow around Bondi radius, in addition to the black hole gravity, we also take into account the gravity of nuclei stars. We find that the wind can not be generated outside Bondi radius. The absence of the wind is due to the change of gravity potential.
Numerical methods for General Relativistic particles
Authors: Bacchini Fabio , Ripperda Bart , Chen Alexander Y. , Sironi Lorenzo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe present recent developments on numerical algorithms for computing photon and particle trajectories in the surrounding of compact objects. Strong gravity around neutron stars or black holes causes relativistic effects on the motion of massive particles and distorts light rays due to gravitational lensing. Efficient numerical methods are required for solving the equations of motion and compute i) the black hole shadow obtained by tracing light rays from the object to a distant observer, and ii) obtain information on the dynamics of the plasma at the microscopic scale. Here, we present generalized algorithms capable of simulating ensembles of photons or massive particles in any spacetime, with the option of including external forces. The coupling of these tools with GRMHD simulations is the key point for obtaining insight on the complex dynamics of accretion disks and jets and for comparing simulations with upcoming observational results from the Event Horizon Telescope.
Retour sur les Journées Annuelles de la SF2M 2019
Authors: Quantin Danièle 
Published: April 2020

Les Journées Annuelles de la SF2M 2019 se sont déroulées à Paris (Chimie Paris Tech) du 21 au 23 octobre. Plus de 150
participants ont pu assister à 50 présentations scientifiques dont 3 plénières, 1 conférence plénière sur l’histoire des
matériaux et table ronde sur les carrières, organisée par le groupe « Jeunes » de la SF2M. Seize posters faisant l’objet d’un concours ont aussi été présentés. Les présentations scientifiques étaient regroupées en 3 thèmes génériques : Fabrication additive, de la fabrication de la matière première à la pièce fonctionnelle ; Ténacité et rupture brutale ; Mise
en forme, microstructure et propriétés d’usage des superalliages base nickel polycristallins.
Tierbissverletzungen durch heimische und wilde Tiere – eine retrospektive Analyse und Erstellung eines prognostischen Scores
Authors: Kuhbier Mara A. , Könneker Sören , Dastagir Khaled , Alawi Seyed A. , Vogt Peter M. , Kuhbier Jörn W. 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die aktuellen Richtlinien für Verletzungen durch Tierbisse empfehlen chirurgisches Debridement und Antibiotikatherapie. Im Allgemeinen führen Bisswunden zu Infektionen mit einem sehr hohen Risiko durch tief eindringende Hautläsionen. Bisswunden können sich jedoch durch die Eindringtiefe und die Beteiligung verschiedener anatomischer Strukturen drastisch unterscheiden. Eine prognostische Klassifikation über die Tiefe oder Schwere gibt es nur für Gesichtsverletzungen bei pädiatrischen Patienten – das ist der Score von Lackmann. In dieser Studie wurden prognostische Faktoren bewertet und ein prospektiver Score für allgemeine Tierbissverletzungen entwickelt.
Patienten und Methoden Eine retrospektive Einzelzentrumsanalyse wurde bei Verletzungen von Tierbissen zwischen 2007 und 2017 durchgeführt. Die Patienten wurden nach Tierart, Bissort, Behandlungsart und medizinischer Versorgung, Aufnahme, Verweildauer, Revisionsbedarf und Keimspektrum unterteilt. Es wurde ein Bewertungs-Score ermittelt und verifiziert, der von Grad I (oberflächlicher Kratzer) bis Grad Va (tiefe Wunde mit Knochenbeteiligung) und Grad Vb (tiefe Wunde mit Gelenkbeteiligung) reicht.
Ergebnisse 567 Patienten mit Tierbiss-Verletzungen wurden eingeschlossen, von denen 51,7 % von Hunden, 39,2 % von Katzen und 4,1 % von Wildtieren verursacht wurden. 75,7 % der Verletzungen befanden sich an den Händen, 12,9 % an den Armen, 5,1 % im Gesicht und 5,3 % an anderen Stellen. Der häufigste Keim war Pasteurella, gefolgt von Staphylokokken und anderen aeroben Arten. Die antibiotische Behandlung umfasste in 75 % der Fälle Sultamicillin, Cephalosporine in 10,2 %, Clindamycin in 7,6 % und andere Antibiotika in 5,1 %.Es wurde eine signifikante Korrelation (p < 0,001) zwischen der Tierart und dem Vorliegen einer Infektion, der Art der medizinischen Versorgung, dem Bewertungs-Score und dem Keimspektrum festgestellt, ebenso wie zwischen dem Bewertungs-Score und der Notwendigkeit einer Revision, der Dauer der Antibiotikatherapie, der Art der Aufnahme, der Behandlung und der medizinischen Versorgung sowie der Dauer des Krankenhausaufenthaltes.
Schlussfolgerung Der prognostische Wert des ermittelten Bewertungs-Scores konnte verifiziert werden. Darüber hinaus wurde die Bedeutung der Tierarten für die Behandlung aufgezeigt. Sultamicillin mit einer Wirksamkeit gegen die meisten der identifizierten Keime sollte als ermittelte Erstlinien-Antibiotikatherapie verwendet werden.