bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calculators Estimating the Likelihood of Vaginal Birth After Cesarean: Uses and Perceptions
Authors: Thornton Patrick D. , Liese Kylea , Adlam Kirby , Erbe Katherine , McFarlin Barbara L. 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionA calculator estimating likelihood of vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) has been promoted by the Society for Maternal‐Fetal Medicine, but little is known about how it is used and perceived in practice. Cutoffs for prohibiting labor after cesarean are discouraged by the calculator's developers, but such uses may be widespread. The purpose of this study was to determine how calculators predicting VBAC are used and perceived in midwifery practices.MethodsCertified nurse‐midwives and certified midwives currently providing care for labor after cesarean were surveyed between January 17, 2019, and February 7, 2019. Quantitative and text data were collected regarding the uses and perceptions of calculators among midwives and their colleagues. We compared these findings with midwives’ perceptions of their ability to accommodate patient wishes for labor after cesarean. We used descriptive content analysis to evaluate themes occurring in text responses.ResultsThere were 1305 valid responses. A requirement to use calculator scores for patient counseling was reported by 527 (40.4%) of responding midwives. Over 1 in 5 midwives reported that scores were used to discourage or prohibit labor after cesarean. Almost half reported some or strong disagreement with physician colleagues regarding calculator use. Interprofessional agreement and disagreement centered on how scores are used to direct clinical care or restrict patient options. Calculator scores were used in more than twice as many midwives’ practices to discourage rather than encourage labor after cesarean. Descriptive analysis of text revealed 4 themes regarding calculators: inconsistent use, information counseling, informed consent, and influence patient management or options.DiscussionCalculators predicting likelihood of VBAC success are widely used in midwifery settings and are more often used to discourage than to encourage labor after cesarean. Midwives reported both directive and nondirective counseling based on calculator scores.
In vitro evaluation of aspiration of hyaluronic acid filler with a new saline flashing method
Authors: Kogan Inna , Korolik Pavel , Cartier Hugues , Adhoute Hertsel , Liberzon Alexander 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsIn vitro evaluation of aspiration of viscous hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers through dermatologic needles, with and without a new solution for safe aspiration with a saline flashing procedure. The final objective is to be able to offer an easy‐to‐use device for a practitioner who injects fillers under and into the skin blindly. This device aims to protect him from an immediate and reproducible intravascular venous or arterial injection whatever the type of product used and independently of its rheological properties or the diameter of the needle used.Materials and MethodsWe performed in vitro aspiration experiment using syringes and commonly used needle sizes (27G, 29G). We measured the time to observe a blood being aspirated through the needle with HA filler. Intervals longer than 10 seconds were considered as false results. We added a new approach of flashing a saline solution through the needle with a filler prior to aspiration. Saline solution pressurized by a syringe plunger opens a fluid path in the needle and enables the successful and efficient aspiration in 1‐2 seconds through smallest needle size for 6 commercial HA fillers.ConclusionThe saline flashing of the dermatological needles with HA fillers appeared to be a feasible and efficient solution for the 100% safe aspiration safety test.ResultsAspiration was possible only in few trials with HA fillers for the 27G and all false for 29G needle, respectively. The aspiration with the novel saline flashing procedure is successful for 100% of cases with the two commonly used HA fillers and all needle sizes. The time to aspiration is also significantly shorter with the saline flashing.
A woman with primary ovarian insufficiency had two live births resulting from intrauterine inseminations during 10 years of ovarian follicle monitoring
Authors: Maruyama Tetsuo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWomen with primary ovarian insufficiency rarely ovulate and even more rarely achieve a spontaneous pregnancy. A patient with primary ovarian insufficiency who had only 13 follicle development cycles during 13 years, but had 2 live births resulting from intrauterine inseminations is reported. She was diagnosed with primary ovarian insufficiency at 19 years of age and started infertility treatment at 23 years of age. During 10 of the 13 years that she was not pregnant and not breastfeeding, she underwent cyclic estrogen and progestin therapy with biweekly monitoring of follicle development. She delivered the first and second child at 30 and 37 years of age, respectively. This case report suggests that continuous follicle monitoring may increase the probability of having a child in a subset of patients with primary ovarian insufficiency and desired fertility, although the validity and efficacy of such management has not been established.
Levels of serum Hoxb3 and sFlt‐1 in pre‐eclamptic patients and their effects on pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Zhou Jun , Guo Xiaohui , Sun Yuan , Ma Li , Zhe Ruilian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimWe aimed to explore a new approach and theoretical basis for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of pre‐eclampsia.MethodsIn total, 103 pre‐eclamptic patients (study group: SG) and 100 healthy pregnant women (control group: CG) were enrolled. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) was used to detect the expression level of serum Hoxb3. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the content of serum sFlt‐1. Pregnancy outcomes in the two groups were recorded, and the correlations of the levels of Hoxb3 and sFlt‐1 with the pregnancy outcomes were analyzed.ResultsThe relative expression of serum Hoxb3 mRNA in the CG was significantly higher than that in the SG, whereas the content of serum sFlt‐1 in the CG was significantly lower than that in the SG. Compared with the CG, the SG had a significantly lower number of spontaneous deliveries, higher number of cesarean deliveries and significantly higher number of uneventful perinatal births. The incidences of intrauterine growth restriction, intrauterine distress, premature infants and neonatal deaths in perinatal infants in the SG were significantly higher than those in the CG. According to the analysis of receiver operating characteristic curves, the areas under the curves of Hoxb3, sFlt‐1 and their combined detection for diagnosing pre‐eclampsia were 0.799, 0.856 and 0.930, respectively. The areas under the curves for predicting poor perinatal outcomes were 0.724, 0.828 and 0.871, respectively.ConclusionIn conclusion, Hoxb3 and sFlt‐1 have certain reference significance for the risk evaluation of pre‐eclampsia and the adverse pregnancy outcomes of pre‐eclampsia women.
Ultrasound measurement of fetal arterial pulse pressure using phased‐tracking methods: A phantom study and clinical experience with antenatal corticosteroid therapy
Authors: Muromoto Jin , Murotsuki Jun , Miyashita Susumu , Hasegawa Hideyuki , Taki Hirofumi , Kanai Hiroshi , Yaegashi Nobuo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimThis study aimed to compare the accuracy of fetal pulse pressure estimated with a vascular simulator with that obtained by a manometer (reference) and evaluate the pulse pressure in normal human fetuses and fetuses whose mothers received corticosteroids.MethodsFetal pulse pressure was estimated as the product of blood flow velocity and pulse wave velocity, based on the water hammer equation. Ultrasonic raw radiofrequency signals for blood flow velocity were captured from the fetal descending aortas at the diaphragm level, and pulse wave velocity was simultaneously measured from different directions using the phased‐tracking method. First, the precision and accuracy of pulse pressure in the estimated method were verified by a circulatory phantom simulator, which reproduced fetal blood flow using a pulsating pump. Then, the pulse pressure of 98 normal human fetuses after 17 weeks of gestation and the fetal pulse pressure in 21 mothers who received antenatal corticosteroids for fetal maturation were measured.ResultsA significant correlation between the estimated pulse pressure values and the actual values was found in the phantom simulation (r = 0.99, P < 0.01). The estimated pulse pressure was significantly correlated with gestational age in normal fetuses (r = 0.74, P < 0.01). In steroid‐treated pregnant women, fetal pulse pressure was observed to increase significantly on the second day of administration (P < 0.01).ConclusionA noninvasive and accurate estimation model of fetal pulse pressure could be established using phased‐tracking method, and this method has the potential to improve the assessment of human fetal hemodynamics.
Investigation on the metabolic characteristics of isobavachin in Psoralea corylifolia L. (Bu-gu-zhi) and its potential inhibition against human cytochrome P450s and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases
Authors: Xing Han , Yang Jing , Ren Kaidi , Qin Zifei , Wang Peile , Zhang Xiaojian , Yao Zhihong , Gonzalez Frank J , Yao Xinsheng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Isobavachin is a phenolic with anti-osteoporosis activity. This study aimed to explore its metabolic fates in vivo and in vitro, and to investigate the potential drug–drug interactions involving CYPs and UGTs.

Methods
Metabolites of isobavachin in mice were first identified and characterized. Oxidation and glucuronidation study were performed using liver and intestine microsomes. Reaction phenotyping, activity correlation analysis and relative activity factor approaches were employed to identify the main CYPs and UGTs involved in isobavachin metabolism. Through kinetic modelling, inhibition mechanisms towards CYPs and UGTs were also explored.

Key findings
Two glucuronides (G1 - G2) and three oxidated metabolites (M1 - M3) were identified in mice. Additionally, isobavachin underwent efficient oxidation and glucuronidation by human liver microsomes and HIM with CLint values from 5.53 to 148.79 μl/min per mg. CYP1A2, 2C19 contributed 11.3% and 17.1% to hepatic metabolism of isobavachin, respectively, with CLint values from 8.75 to 77.33 μl/min per mg. UGT1As displayed CLint values from 10.73 to 202.62 μl/min per mg for glucuronidation. Besides, significant correlation analysis also proved that CYP1A2, 2C19 and UGT1A1, 1A9 were main contributors for the metabolism of isobavachin. Furthermore, mice may be the appropriate animal model for predicting its metabolism in human. Moreover, isobavachin exhibited broad inhibition against CYP2B6, 2C9, 2C19, UGT1A1, 1A9, 2B7 with Ki values from 0.05 to 3.05 μm.

Conclusions
CYP1A2, 2C19 and UGT1As play an important role in isobavachin metabolism. Isobavachin demonstrated broad-spectrum inhibition of CYPs and UGTs.
Blood mineral profile of the critically endangered Western Derby eland (Taurotragus derbianus derbianus) in two conservation breeding reserves in Senegal
Authors: Stoklasová Lucie , Váhala Jiří , Hejcmanová Pavla 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFor many nondomestic species, nutritional requirements and the challenges faced in their current habitats are unknown. This is the case of small semi‐captive population of the critically endangered Western Derby eland held in two wildlife reserves (the Bandia and the Fathala) in Senegal. The aim of this study was to determine the mineral profile (Ca, P, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn, Se, K, S) in blood serum and to identify potential mineral deficiencies. Serum data (11 individuals) were compared to other Tragelaphineae, where it was lower in almost all elements. Considerably low concentrations were recorded for Cu, Fe and Zn. Animals in the Bandia reserve had higher serum levels of Fe and K compared to the Fathala reserve and a higher serum level of S in the Fathala reserve compared to the Bandia reserve. Recorded mineral levels may reflect most likely the limited mineral background in the local environment. The knowledge of adequate nutritional requirements and health status of these animals is relevant for the conservation breeding programme. No other serum mineral reference values exist for Western Derby eland, neither for free‐ranging nor captive animals. Therefore, the knowledge of reference intervals for minerals in serum may serve for monitoring of the population's health.
Simple inheritance, complex regulation: Supergene‐mediated fire ant queen polymorphism
Authors: Arsenault Samuel V. , King Joanie T. , Kay Sasha , Lacy Kip D. , Ross Kenneth G. , Hunt Brendan G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe fire ant Solenopsis invicta exists in two alternate social forms: monogyne nests contain a single reproductive queen and polygyne nests contain multiple reproductive queens. This colony‐level social polymorphism corresponds with individual differences in queen physiology, queen dispersal patterns and worker discrimination behaviours, all evidently regulated by an inversion‐based supergene that spans more than 13 Mb of a “social chromosome,” contains over 400 protein‐coding genes and rarely undergoes recombination. The specific mechanisms by which this supergene influences expression of the many distinctive features that characterize the alternate forms remain almost wholly unknown. To advance our understanding of these mechanisms, we explore the effects of social chromosome genotype and natal colony social form on gene expression in queens sampled as they embarked on nuptial flights, using RNA‐sequencing of brains and ovaries. We observe a large effect of natal social form, that is, of the social/developmental environment, on gene expression profiles, with similarly substantial effects of genotype, including: (a) supergene‐associated gene upregulation, (b) allele‐specific expression and (c) pronounced extra‐supergene trans‐regulatory effects. These findings, along with observed spatial variation in differential and allele‐specific expression within the supergene region, highlight the complex gene regulatory landscape that emerged following divergence of the inversion‐mediated Sb haplotype from its homologue, which presumably largely retained the ancestral gene order. The distinctive supergene‐associated gene expression trajectories we document at the onset of a queen’s reproductive life expand the known record of relevant molecular correlates of a complex social polymorphism and point to putative genetic factors underpinning the alternate social syndromes.
Interactions among Triatoma sanguisuga blood feeding sources, gut microbiota and Trypanosoma cruzi diversity in southern Louisiana
Authors: Dumonteil Eric , Pronovost Henry , Bierman Eli F. , Sanford Anna , Majeau Alicia , Moore Ryan , Herrera Claudia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntegrating how biodiversity and infectious disease dynamics are linked at multiple levels and scales is highly challenging. Chagas disease is a vector‐borne disease, with specificities of the triatomine vectors and Trypanosoma cruzi parasite life histories resulting in a complex multihost and multistrain life cycle. Here, we tested the hypothesis that T. cruzi transmission cycles are shaped by triatomine host communities and gut microbiota composition by comparing the integrated interactions of Triatoma sanguisuga in southern Louisiana with feeding hosts, T. cruzi parasite and bacterial microbiota in two habitats. Bugs were collected from resident's houses and animal shelters and analysed for genetic structure, blood feeding sources, T. cruzi parasites, and bacterial diversity by PCR amplification of specific DNA markers followed by next‐generation sequencing, in an integrative metabarcoding approach. T. sanguisuga feeding host communities appeared opportunistic and defined by host abundance in each habitat, yielding distinct parasite transmission networks among hosts. The circulation of a large diversity of T. cruzi DTUs was also detected, with TcII and TcV detected for the first time in triatomines in the US. The bacterial microbiota was highly diverse and varied significantly according to the DTU infecting the bugs, indicating specific interactions among them in the gut. Expanding such studies to multiple habitats and additional triatomine species would be key to further refine our understanding of the complex life cycles of multihost, multistrain parasites such as T. cruzi, and may lead to improved disease control strategies.
Hemalin fromHaemaphysalis flava ticks: cloning, expression and antithrombogenicity
Authors: Liu L. , Tang H. , Feng L.‐L. , Cheng T.‐Y. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHemalin, initially described in Haemaphysalis longicornis, is a protein with anticoagulant activity. We retrieved a gene fragment functionally annotated as hemalin from H. flava salivary gland transcriptomic library, but its full‐length complementary DNA (cDNA) and antithrombogenicity have not been investigated in the species. Here we cloned the full length of hemalin (Hf‐hemalin) by 3′‐end rapid‐amplification of cDNA ends, and the open reading frame (ORF) of Hf‐hemalin was expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein (rHf‐Hemalin) was tested for antithrombogenicity. The full‐length of Hf‐hemalin was 607 bp with an ORF of423 bp. Protein encoded by Hf‐hemalin was predicted to contain 2 Kunitz domains and a signal peptide. The expression of Hf‐hemalin in salivary glands, midguts and ovaries was higher in the semi‐engorged than the fully engorged. Prokaryotic expression yielded a product of 40 kDa containing a glutathione S‐transferase (GST) tag. Incubation of rHf‐Hemalin with rat plasma significantly extended prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time compared with normal saline and GST controls. Our data demonstrated that Hemalin from H. flava shared a similar primary structure with that from H. longicornis, and was also anticoagulant. Further investigations are needed to test its feasibility to be an antigen candidate for the development of vaccines against ticks.
Enhanced recovery after surgical correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Julien‐Marsollier Florence , Michelet Daphné , Assaker Rita , Doval Antoine , Louisy Simon , Madre Chrystèle , Simon Anne‐Laure , Ilharreborde Brice , Brasher Christopher , Dahmani Souhayl 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundFew publications in the literature examine enhanced recovery after scoliosis surgery (ERAS) in children, despite significant scientific interest in adults. The objective of the current study was to describe an ERAS protocol for surgical correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and its results.MethodsERAS outcomes were measured in two patient cohorts. Historical controls and ERAS groups were selected from patients managed for scoliosis surgery in 2015 and 2018, respectively. The ERAS protocol included fasting minimization, carbohydrate loading, the avoidance of background morphine infusions, perioperative opioid‐sparing protocols, the use of a cooling brace, early physiotherapy, feeding and oral medications, and the early removal of urinary catheters and surgical drains. The main outcome of the study was hospital length of stay.ResultsOverall, 82 controls and 81 ERAS patients were recruited. ERAS protocols were observed in over 80% of patients for almost items. Median length of hospital stay was significantly lower in the ERAS group (‐ 3 [95% confidence interval: −2; −4] days). Median morphine consumption was reduced by 25% and 35% on days 2 and 3, respectively. The incidence of PONV did not differ between the two groups, and the incidence of constipation decreased slightly but significantly in the ERAS group on day 2. Pain intensity at rest and movement were lower in the ERAS group at day 2 and 3.ConclusionsThe current study suggests an ERAS protocol after adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery is associated with reduced hospital length of stay and improved postoperative care.
A simple screening test of filtration efficiency for protecting the gas sampling line from coronavirus using fluorescent microspheres
Authors: Brustowicz Robert M. , Yuki Koichi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundDuring the coronavirus pandemic, preventing contamination of the anesthesia machine, critical to avoid cross‐contamination between patients, has proven challenging when treating premature infants and neonates. While attaching a HEPA filter to the endotracheal tube will protect the anesthesia machine and the gas sampling line from contamination, this contribution to the dead space makes ventilation of these small patients challenging. Direct filtration of the gas sampling line eliminates this problem; however, appropriate filters are not readily available.AimsIdentify a small filter capable of filtering out particles of a size similar to the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus for the gas sampling line.MethodsWe used fluorescence microspheres suspended in a solution for a challenge test to determine the filtration efficiency of various filters. The microspheres varied in diameter (0.02 µm, 0.042 µm, 0.109 µm, and 0.989 µm). A fluorescence plate reader was used to evaluate the degree of fluorescence intensity in the flow‐through from various filters and referenced to the fluorescence intensity of the input.ResultsAHEPA filter, as recommended as an anti‐viral filter, effectively filtered all the particles tested. The B. Braun PERIFIX Flat Epidural Filter was the second most effective filter, filtering particles larger than 0.042 µm. Other filters tested did not filter fluorescence microspheres equivalent in size to a single coronavirus particle (0.07 µm).ConclusionsAlthough the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved the Flat Epidural Filter for use as an anesthesia machine gas filter, our simple challenge test suggests that it could be used to effectively filter the anesthesia gas sampling line.
Use of psoralen therapies obtained abroad in two children with Vitiligo
Authors: Bell Katheryn A. , Saardi Karl M. , Norton Scott A. , Habeshian Kaiane A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe describe two American‐born children with vitiligo, each of whom travelled to their family's ancestral home (India and Ethiopia), where their skin conditions were treated with PUVAsol, which involves the use of topical or oral psoralens followed by exposure to natural sunlight. Both children experienced modest repigmentation and were subsequently seen in our dermatology clinics. PUVAsol may be an attractive treatment option for some families, but there are potentially serious side effects including phototoxicity and cutaneous malignancy. Dermatologists should be aware of the existence of this treatment modality as well as its complications.
A practical review of dermoscopy for pediatric dermatology part II: Vascular tumors, infections, and inflammatory dermatoses
Authors: Natsis Nicola E. , Gordon Samantha C. , Kaushik Anshika , Seiverling Elizabeth V. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn addition to the evaluation of melanocytic growths (Part I), dermoscopy is helpful in the identification and management of vascular tumors, skin infections, and inflammatory conditions. In this practical review, we present the classic dermoscopic findings of the following: vascular tumors, infectious conditions (molluscum contagiosum, scabies, verruca vulgaris), inflammatory conditions (psoriasis, atopic dermatitis), juvenile xanthogranuloma, and nevus sebaceus.