bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic surveys locate Late Bronze Age corrals
Authors: Smekalova Tatiana , Bevan Bruce , Kashuba Maya , Lisetskii Fedor , Borisov Alexander , Kashirskaya Natalia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA new type of livestock enclosure from the Late Bronze Age has been discovered. Stone walls outline a pair of circular or oval areas that may be up to 50 m in diameter. The stone walls are invisible at the surface; they were discovered in north‐western Crimea and only with the aid of remote sensing and geophysical surveys. In the period 2007–2020, over two dozen of these structures were found; none has ever been noted before. The locations of these sites were first suggested in satellite imagery, often as areas with unusually green vegetation. Then, large‐area magnetic surveys delineated the buried stone enclosures, for there was a good contrast between the non‐magnetic limestone walls and the rather magnetic soil. The features can be identified by the unique pattern of the walls: An almost‐complete circular arc that is connected to a full circle or oval. The soil within the features has a high level of urease enzyme activity and a high concentration of thermophilic microorganisms. This suggests the composting of animal dung and plant residues; therefore, these were corrals and the raising of livestock was a part of the economy. Only one of the doubled enclosures is found at most settlements; the livestock were probably owned by all of the inhabitants. Each settlement had several dwellings, and these had earthen basins whose edges were lined with vertical stone slabs. Several small‐area excavations exposed corral walls. Magnetic measurements of the soil and rock were the basis for magnetic models; the calculated anomalies agree with the measurements of the magnetic maps.
Use of antihistamine medications during early pregnancy and selected birth defects: The National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997–2011
Authors: Hansen Craig , Desrosiers Tania A. , Wisniewski Kathy , Strickland Matthew J. , Werler Martha M. , Gilboa Suzanne M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt is estimated that approximately 10–15% of pregnant women report antihistamine use during pregnancy. Although antihistamines are generally considered safe during pregnancy, results from published studies are inconsistent.MethodsUsing a case–control study design we analyzed 41,148 pregnancies (30,091 cases and 11,057 controls) from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (1997–2011). Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals for 64 birth defect groupings in relation to early pregnancy exposure to 14 distinct antihistamines. Models were adjusted for maternal age, race, parity, education level, prenatal care, folic acid use, smoking and alcohol use, and study site.ResultsApproximately 13% of cases and controls were exposed to an antihistamine during early pregnancy. Analyses were restricted to those defects where more than five cases were exposed to the antihistamine of interest, generating 340 analyses which yielded 20 (5.9%) significant positive associations (adjusted ORs ranging from 1.21 to 4.34).ConclusionsOnly a few of our findings were consistent with previous studies. There is a lack of strong evidence to conclude that birth defects are associated with exposure to antihistamines during early pregnancy.
Einfluss der Untergrundvorbehandlung auf das Tragverhalten CFK‐umschnürten Betons
Authors: Meßerer Dennis , Käseberg Stefan , Weisbrich Martin , Holschemacher Klaus 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDie Umschnürung mit CFK‐Werkstoffen ist eine effektive Maßnahme zur Steigerung der Tragfähigkeit und Duktilität von Stahlbetonstützen. Die Umschnürungsbewehrung bewirkt eine Behinderung der Querdehnung des Betons und versetzt diesen in einen dreidimensionalen Spannungszustand. Dadurch lassen sich höhere Betondruckfestigkeiten erzielen und das Spannungs‐Dehnungsverhalten beeinflussen. Trotz nationaler und internationaler Forschungsbemühungen ist der Einfluss bestimmter Parameter auf das Tragverhalten CFK‐umschnürten Betons noch nicht ausreichend geklärt. Der Beitrag befasst sich mit den Auswirkungen der Untergrundvorbehandlung auf das Tragverhalten von CFK‐Mantel und umschnürtem Beton. Zu diesem Zweck wurden CFK‐umschnürte Betonzylinder mit unterschiedlichen Verbundbedingungen und Maßnahmen zur Untergrundvorbehandlung untersucht. Darüber hinaus wurden die experimentellen Daten bestehender, empirischer Bemessungsmodelle hinsichtlich der Vorbehandlungsmaßnahmen der einzelnen Versuchsprogramme ausgewertet.
Pharmacokinetic and bioavailability study of kurarinone in dog plasma by UHPLC–MS/MS
Authors: Huang Yiqian , Lin Huashan , Chen Yaping , Huang Xiaosong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractKurarinone, a natural prenylated flavonone isolated from Sophora flavescens, has been exhibited various activities. This study aimed to establish a simple and sensitive ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) method for determining kurarinone in dog plasma. Acetonitrile‐mediated precipitation was applied for sample pretreatment. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Waters ACQUITY HSS T3 (100 × 2.1 mm, i. d., 1.8 μm) column with gradient elution using water containing 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile as mobile phase. Quantitation was performed using an electrospray ionization source in negative multiple reaction monitoring mode. The linearity of this method was over the concentration range 0.1–500 ng/mL with the lowest limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 0.1 ng/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision was less than 10.51% and the accuracy ranged from 94.85% to 97.72%, respectively. The extraction recovery of kurarinone in dog plasma was more than 82.37% and no significant matrix effect was observed. The analyte was stable under tested storage conditions. The validated method was further successfully applied to a preclinical pharmacokinetic study of kurarinone in dog after a single intravenous (2 mg/kg) and oral (20 mg/kg) administration. The results revealed that kurarinone was rapidly absorbed into plasma with good bioavailability (38.19%) and low clearance.
Entrepreneurial orientation and performance in a developing country: Strategic entrepreneurship as a mediator
Authors: Soomro Bahadur Ali , Shah Naimatullah 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe present paper aims to determine the mediatory role of strategic entrepreneurship between entrepreneurial orientation and performance in a developing country. The study found a positive and significant influence of entrepreneurial orientation on strategic entrepreneurship and financial performance of the firms. Entrepreneurial orientation has no significant effect on non‐financial performance. The strategic entrepreneurship mediates the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and financial performance rather than non‐financial performance. The strategic entrepreneurship explored as a significant predictor of both financial and non‐financial performance of the firms. The findings of the study would provide basic knowledge about the factors that may enhance firm performance.
Development of a high cell density transient CHO platform yielding mAb titers greater than 2 g/L in only 7 days
Authors: Schmitt Matthew G. , White Regina N. , Barnard Gavin C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe developed a simple transient Chinese Hamster Ovary expression platform. Titers for a random panel of 20 clinical monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) ranged from 0.6 to 2.7 g/L after 7 days. Two factors were the key in obtaining these high titers. First, we utilized an extremely high starting cell density (20 million cells/ml), and then arrested further cell growth by employing mild hypothermic conditions (32°C). Second, we performed a 6‐variable Design of Experiments to find optimal concentrations of plasmid DNA (coding DNA), boost DNA (DNA encoding the XBP1S transcription factor), transfection reagent (polyethylenimine [PEI]), and nutrient feed amounts. High coding DNA concentrations (12.5 mg/L) were found to be optimal. We therefore diluted expensive coding DNA with inexpensive inert filler DNA (herring sperm DNA). Reducing the coding DNA concentration by 70% from 12.5 to 3.75 mg/L did not meaningfully reduce mAb titers. Titers for the same panel of 20 clinical mAbs ranged from 0.7 to 2.2 g/L after reducing the coding DNA concentration to 3.75 mg/L. Finally, we found that titer and product quality attributes were similar for a clinical mAb (rituximab) expressed at very different scales (volumes ranging from 3 ml to 2 L).
Multiparameter Kinetic Analysis for Covalent Fragment Optimization by Using Quantitative Irreversible Tethering (qIT)
Authors: Craven Gregory B. , Affron Dominic P. , Kösel Teresa , Wong Tsz Lam M. , Jukes Zoë H. , Liu Chun‐Ting , Morgan Rhodri M. L. , Armstrong Alan , Mann David J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChemical probes that covalently modify cysteine residues in a protein‐specific manner are valuable tools for biological investigations. Covalent fragments are increasingly implemented as probe starting points, but the complex relationship between fragment structure and binding kinetics makes covalent fragment optimization uniquely challenging. We describe a new technique in covalent probe discovery that enables data‐driven optimization of covalent fragment potency and selectivity. This platform extends beyond the existing repertoire of methods for identifying covalent fragment hits by facilitating rapid multiparameter kinetic analysis of covalent structure–activity relationships through the simultaneous determination of Ki, kinact and intrinsic reactivity. By applying this approach to develop novel probes against electrophile‐sensitive kinases, we showcase the utility of the platform in hit identification and highlight how multiparameter kinetic analysis enabled a successful fragment‐merging strategy.
Hemochromatosis in a β‐thalassemia minor patient with H63D homozygous mutation: A case report
Authors: Pokhrel Nishan Babu , Khanal Shambhu , Chapagain Parikshit , Pokhrel Biraj , Shrestha Anjan 
Published: July 2020

Abstractβ‐thalassemia heterozygosity can cause significant iron overload when accompanied by HFE gene mutations and inappropriate iron supplementation.
Development of an effective novel validated stability‐indicating HPLC method for the resolution of brivaracetam stereoisomeric impurities
Authors: Baksam Vijayakumar , N Saritha , Pocha Vasundara Reddy , Chakka Veera Babu , Ummadi Ravindra Reddy , Kumar Pramod 
Published: July 2020

AbstractReverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography method has been developed for the determination of brivaracetam stereoisomeric impurities such as (R,S)‐brivaracetam, (R,R)‐brivaracetam, and (S,S)‐brivaracetam with good resolution using the chiral column, Chiral PAK IG‐U (100 × 3.0 mm; 1.6 μm). The method is simple, stability‐indicating, and compatible with LC–MS. The separation was achieved with the mobile phase consisted of 10 mM ammonium bicarbonate along with acetonitrile in an isocratic mode. The column temperature and wavelength were monitored at 40°C and 215 nm, respectively. The method showed adequate specificity, sensitivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness inline to ICH tripartite guidelines. The limit of detection and quantification limits were 0.3 and 0.8 μg ml−1, respectively, for all stereoisomeric impurities and brivaracetam. The developed method was found to be linear over the concentration range of 0.8–5.6 μg ml−1for stereoisomeric impurities with a correlation coefficient >0.999. The method was precise (%RSD < 5.0), robust, and accurate (with 85%–115% recovery). The values of retention times of stereoisomeric impurities, (R,S)‐brivaracetam, (R,R)‐brivaracetam, and (S,S)‐brivaracetam, were 4.9, 5.4, and 6.6 min, respectively, and resolution among the impurities were 2.0, 3.3, and 4.7, respectively. In addition, forced degradation studies were performed to prove that method was stability‐indicating. The enrichment of isomeric impurity, (R,R)‐brivaracetam, was observed under basic stress conditions of brivaracetam and proposed a plausible mechanism to enhance that isomeric impurity. As well, a good separation among brivaracetam and its stereoisomeric impurity peaks was observed in the presence of degradation products and process‐related impurities.
Impact of cancer on school, work, and financial independence among adolescents and young adults
Authors: Sisk Bryan A. , Fasciano Karen , Block Susan D. , Mack Jennifer W. 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundFor adolescents and young adults (AYAs), the diagnosis of cancer can impede social development, especially with respect to education, employment, and financial independence. However, there are limited quantitative data on the extent and trajectory of life disruptions during cancer treatment for AYA patients.MethodsThis was a longitudinal, prospective, questionnaire‐based cohort study of 145 AYA patients with cancer aged 15 to 29 years who were treated at a large academic cancer center. Questionnaires were administered shortly after diagnosis and 4 and 12 months after diagnosis.ResultsAlthough half of the participants lived with their parents 6 months before diagnosis, 61% lived with their parents after diagnosis (P = .0002 vs 6 months before diagnosis), with a similar proportion reported to be living with their parents 4 months after diagnosis (61%; P = .001) and 55% doing so 12 months after diagnosis (P = .07). Before diagnosis, 38% of the patients were not attending school. After diagnosis, that proportion rose to 61% (P < .0001), with a similar proportion 4 months after diagnosis (61%; P < .0001); 54% were not in school at 12 months (P = .001). Patients experienced similar decrements in employment (30% not working before diagnosis vs 49% not working after diagnosis; P < .0001) and financial independence (37% with complete financial independence before diagnosis vs 31% after diagnosis; P = .02). Overall, 65% of the patients (94 of 145) had not returned to their precancer baseline in at least 1 of these 4 social domains by 12 months after diagnosis.ConclusionsFor many AYA patients, cancer leads to less engagement with school and work activities and decreased financial independence from parents. Clinicians should engage in early and ongoing discussions with patients about the potential impact of cancer on their lives.
Multidimensional community discovering in heterogeneous social networks
Authors: Guesmi Soumaya , Trabelsi Chiraz , Latiri Chiraz 
Published: July 2020

SummaryMultidimensional community discovering in heterogeneous social networks is an important issue. Many approaches have been proposed for community discovering in heterogeneous networks. However, they have focused only on topological properties of these networks, ignoring the embedded semantic information. As the solution to this information glut limit, we propose, in this article, a new multidimensional community discovering approach, which incorporates the multiple types of objects and relationships, derived from a heterogeneous networks. First, we propose to construct the concept lattice family CLF to represent the different objects and relations of the heterogeneous social networks based on the relational concept analysis techniques. Then after we introduce a new algorithm that explores such CLF and extract the multidimensional communities. Carried out experiments on real datasets enhance the effectiveness of our proposal and open promising issues.
Internal Rotation of the Acetyl Methyl Group in Methyl Alkyl Ketones: The Microwave Spectrum of Octan‐2‐one
Authors: Andresen Maike , Schöngen Damian , Kleiner Isabelle , Schwell Martin , Stahl Wolfgang , Nguyen Ha Vinh Lam 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMethyl n‐alkyl ketones form a class of molecules with interesting internal dynamics in the gas‐phase. They contain two methyl groups undergoing internal rotations, the acetyl methyl group and the methyl group at the end of the alkyl chain. The torsional barrier of the acetyl methyl group is of special importance, since it allows for the discrimination of the conformational structures. As part of the series, the microwave spectrum of octan‐2‐one was recorded in the frequency range from 2 to 40 GHz, revealing two conformers, one with C1 and one with Cs symmetry. The barriers to internal rotation of the acetyl methyl group were determined to be 233.340(28) cm−1 and 185.3490(81) cm−1, respectively, confirming the link between conformations and barrier heights already established for other methyl alkyl ketones. Extensive comparisons to molecules in the literature were carried out, and a small overview of general trends and rules concerning the acetyl methyl torsion is given. For the hexyl methyl group, the barrier height is 973.17(60) cm−1 for the C1 conformer and 979.62(69) cm−1 for the Cs conformer.
Glucose activates the primordial follicle through the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Xu Shengyu , Wu Xiaoling , Dong Yanpeng , Xu Mengmeng , Li Zimei , Chen Sirun , Zhuo Yong , Lin Yan , Che Lianqiang , Fang Zhengfeng , Feng Bin , Li Jian , Wang Jianping , Wu De , Ren Zhihua 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe have previously found that the energy level in sows affects the activation of primordial follicles. Glucose is the primary metabolic substrate of dietary energy and its effect and mechanism of action with regards to the activation and development of primordial follicle remain unclear. Studies utilizing several different animal cells have shown that energy stress, induced by glucose starvation, activates AMPK and participates in a variety of cellular processes by regulating the Hippo and mTOR signaling pathways. However, whether glucose can affect primordial follicle activation through the above pathways has not been reported.MethodsWe developed an in vitro culture system for mouse ovaries to investigate the effects of glucose on the primordial follicle activation. Protein expression of AMPK‐Hippo‐YAP and AMPK‐mTOR pathway was investigated under glucose starvation and optimal glucose level treatment. Then, ovaries were treated with AICAR or Compound C in vitro to explore the effect of AMPK activation or inhibition on primordial follicle activation, and the changes of AMPK‐Hippo‐YAP and AMPK‐mTOR signaling pathways. Finally, investigated the signaling pathways affected by glucose potentially affecting the primordial follicle activation in vivo.ResultsThe glucose was an essential nutrient for primordial follicle activation and we identified 25 mM glucose as the optimal level (P < .05) for the primordial follicle activation in vitro. The glycolysis pathway was involved in primordial follicle activation (P < .05) of ovaries cultured in vitro. The glucose affected the activation of primordial follicles in vitro through AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway by AMPK activation or inhibition treatment and follicle ratio count (P < .05). Moreover, glucose affected the primordial follicle activation of ovary in vivo via mTOR signaling pathway.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that glucose affects the primordial follicle activation through the AMPK/mTOR rather than the AMPK/Hippo signaling pathway.
PAINT: Priority aware interference mitigation techniques for improving coexistence in home area networks of smart grid
Authors: Nahar Badrun , Roy Jaya , Karmaker Amit , Craig Andrew , Alam Mohammad Shah 
Published: July 2020

SummaryAs smart grid (SG) home area networks (HANs) communicate with various smart devices such as meters, sensors, and actuators on a 2.4‐GHz unlicensed band, the coexistence of different wireless technologies in such networks is a common phenomenon due to the overlapping of channels. In this research, homogeneous and heterogeneous interference are considered to address the coexistence problem in smart utility networks (SUNs). The homogeneous interference is mitigated by utilizing the contention free period (CFP) and the contention access period (CAP) of the MAC layer superframe of IEEE 802.15.4g designed for SUNs. This frame is used to get access for the channel. For this, a slotted CSMA/CA algorithm is used for various priority levels of data with adjustable backoff period (BP) and clear channel assessment (CCA) period in order that nodes (devices) with high priority can achieve high probability of channel access. By modeling the proposed scheme using the Markov chain, the exactness of the proposed scheme is assessed based on throughput, channel access delay, energy consumption per bit, and probability of successful data transmission and collision. A performance evaluation of the proposed scheme is further investigated by comparing it with the existing scheme PA‐MAC. In addition, a channel switching mechanism is explored to mitigate the heterogeneous interference with the help of a Naive Bayes classifier prediction. Finally, the prediction indicates that by choosing the non‐coexisting and the non‐overlapping channel, the proposed channel switching mechanism effectively mitigates the heterogeneous interference.
Integrated and diurnal indices of maternal pregnancy cortisol in relation to sex‐specific parasympathetic responsivity to stress in infants
Authors: Cowell Whitney , Khoury Jennifer E. , Petty Carter R. , Day Helen E. , Benítez Brian E. , Cunningham Molly K. , Schulz Stefan M. , Ritz Thomas , Wright Rosalind J. , Enlow Michelle Bosquet 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMaternal hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis activity may prenatally program sex‐specific stress‐response pathways. We investigated associations between maternal cortisol during pregnancy and infant parasympathetic responsivity to stress among 204 mother–infant pairs. Cortisol indices included 3rd trimester hair cortisol, as well as diurnal slope and area under the curve, derived from saliva samples collected during pregnancy. Mother–infant dyads participated in the Repeated Still‐Face Paradigm (SFP‐R) at age 6 months. We calculated respiration‐adjusted respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSAc), an indicator of parasympathetic activation, from infant respiration and cardiac activity measured during the SFP‐R. We used multivariable linear mixed models to examine each cortisol index in relation to infant RSAc and investigated sex differences using cross‐product terms. Diurnal cortisol indices were not associated with RSAc. There was no association between hair cortisol and baseline RSAc. However, hair cortisol was associated with sex‐specific changes in RSAc over the SFP‐R such that, among girls, parasympathetic withdrawal was reduced with increasing prenatal exposure to cortisol. Consistently higher levels of prenatal cortisol exposure may lead to dampened parasympathetic responsivity to stress during infancy, particularly among girls. Maternal hair cortisol may be particularly valuable for studying the effects of prenatal cortisol exposure on infant autonomic reactivity.