bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Composite quantile‐based classifiers
Authors: Pritchard David A. , Liu Yufeng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAccurate classification of high‐dimensional data is important in many scientific applications. We propose a family of high‐dimensional classification methods based upon a comparison of the component‐wise distances of the feature vector of a sample to the within‐class population quantiles. These methods are motivated by the fact that quantile classifiers based on these component‐wise distances are the most powerful univariate classifiers for an optimal choice of the quantile level. A simple aggregation approach for constructing a multivariate classifier based upon these component‐wise distances to the within‐class quantiles is proposed. It is shown that this classifier is consistent with the asymptotically optimal classifier as the sample size increases. Our proposed classifiers result in simple piecewise‐linear decision rule boundaries that can be efficiently trained. Numerical results are shown to demonstrate competitive performance for the proposed classifiers on both simulated data and a benchmark email spam application.
Transition coefficients between compressive strengths of samples with different shape and size in mass concrete and use of weight maturity method in dam construction
Authors: Ustabaş İlker , Deşik Fatih 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMass concrete (MC) is widely used in dam concretes due to their large aggregate grain diameters, low cement dosage, and low hydration temperatures. Monitoring of the hydration temperature and compressive strength is an important consideration during the casting of MC in the field. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the compressive strengths of cylindrical specimens with different maximum aggregate grain diameters (Dmax) and different dimensions in MCs used in dam construction and to investigate the usability of the weighted maturity method in determining the compressive strength of dam MC. In this study, the compressive strength transition coefficient (fck ø15 × 30/fck ø25 × 50) of the cylindrical samples with different dimensions in MC was found to be 1.135. It was found that the weight maturity method can be used to estimate concrete strength in dam MC with low hydration temperature.
Simultaneous multichannel multi‐offset ground‐penetrating radar measurements for soil characterization
Authors: Kaufmann Manuela Sarah , Klotzsche Anja , Vereecken Harry , van der Kruk Jan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFor vadose zone studies, it is essential to characterize the soil heterogeneity. However, manual soil coring is time consuming and lacks spatial coverage. Ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) has a high potential to map these parameters. However, with conventional common‐offset profile (COP) measurements, soil layer changes are only detected as a function of time, and no exact determination of velocities, and thus permittivity, is possible. For velocity estimation, time‐consuming point‐scale common midpoint (CMP) or wide‐angle reflection and refraction (WARR) measurements are necessary. Recently, a novel simultaneous multi‐offset multichannel (SiMoc) GPR system was released, enabling rapid profiling with virtually continuous acquisition of WARR gathers. For this system, we developed a new processing approach. First, time shifts caused by the different cables and receivers were eliminated by a novel calibration method. In the obtained CMP gathers, groundwave and (when present) reflection velocities were determined with an automated semblance approach. The obtained velocity can be converted to permittivity and soil water content. We tested SiMoc GPR with a synthetic study and time‐lapse field measurements. In the synthetic study, the accuracy of velocity and layer thickness were within 0.02 m ns−1and 2 cm. The SiMoc field results (spatial sampling of 5 cm) are consistent with coarse sampled single‐channel data (spatial sampling of 10 m). Soil water content changes over the different measurement days were in agreement with nearby installed sensors (one per hectare). Overall, SiMoc GPR is a powerful tool for fast imaging of spatially highly resolved permittivity, and soil water content at a large scale.
Recent advances on synthesis and biomaterials applications of hyperbranched polymers
Authors: Cuneo Timothy , Gao Haifeng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHyperbranched polymers represent an intriguing class of shape‐persistent soft nanomaterials that could be easily produced in one‐pot reaction to obtain highly branched arborescent structures. Although traditional synthesis of hyperbranched polymers suffers from the poorly defined structures and broad molecular weight distribution, recent progress on synthesis methods allows the production of structurally defined polymers in tunable molecular weights, composition and degree of branching. This review summarizes the recent advance on synthesis of hyperbranched polymers and their applications as biomaterials in tissue engineering scaffolds, diagnostic probe carriers and drug delivery fields.This article is categorized under:
Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
A formalism for the resummation of non-factorizable observables in SCET
Authors: Bauer Christian W. , Monni Pier Francesco 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the framework of soft-collinear effective theory (SCET), we show how to formulate the resummation for a broad family of final-state, global observables in high-energy collisions in a general way that is suitable for a numerical calculation. Contrary to the standard SCET approach, this results in a method that does not require an observable-specific factorization theorem. We present a complete formulation at next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic order for e+e− observables, and show how to systematically extend the framework to higher orders. This work paves the way to automated resummation in SCET for several physical observables within a single framework.
Quantum corrections to finite radius holography and holographic entanglement entropy
Authors: Donnelly William , LePage Elise , Li Yan-Yan , Pereira Andre , Shyam Vasudev 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe calculate quantum corrections to holographic entanglement entropy in the proposed duality between $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

-deformed holographic 2D CFTs and gravity in AdS3 with a finite cutoff. We first establish the dictionary between the two theories by mapping the flow equation of the deformed CFT to the bulk Wheeler-DeWitt equation. The latter reduces to an ordinary differential equation for the sphere partition function, which we solve to find the entanglement entropy for an entangling surface consisting of two antipodal points on a sphere. The entanglement entropy in the inverse central charge expansion yields the expectation value of the bulk length operator plus the entropy of length fluctuations, in accordance with the Ryu-Takayanagi formula and its generalization due to Faulkner, Lewkowycz, and Maldacena. Special attention is paid to the conformal mode problem and its resolution by a choice of contour for the gravitational path integral.
Eurados review of retrospective dosimetry techniques for internal exposures to ionising radiation and their applications
Authors: Giussani A. , Lopez M. A. , Romm H. , Testa A. , Ainsbury E. A. , Degteva M. , Della Monaca S. , Etherington G. , Fattibene P. , Güclu I. , Jaworska A. , Lloyd D. C. , Malátová I. , McComish S. , Melo D. , Osko J. , Rojo A. , Roch-Lefevre S. , Roy L. , Shishkina E. , Sotnik N. , Tolmachev S. Y. , Wieser A. , Woda C. , Youngman M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis work presents an overview of the applications of retrospective dosimetry techniques in case of incorporation of radionuclides. The fact that internal exposures are characterized by a spatially inhomogeneous irradiation of the body, which is potentially prolonged over large periods and variable over time, is particularly problematic for biological and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) dosimetry methods when compared with external exposures. The paper gives initially specific information about internal dosimetry methods, the most common cytogenetic techniques used in biological dosimetry and EPR dosimetry applied to tooth enamel. Based on real-case scenarios, dose estimates obtained from bioassay data as well as with biological and/or EPR dosimetry are compared and critically discussed. In most of the scenarios presented, concomitant external exposures were responsible for the greater portion of the received dose. As no assay is available which can discriminate between radiation of different types and different LETs on the basis of the type of damage induced, it is not possible to infer from these studies specific conclusions valid for incorporated radionuclides alone. The biological dosimetry assays and EPR techniques proved to be most applicable in cases when the radionuclides are almost homogeneously distributed in the body. No compelling evidence was obtained in other cases of extremely inhomogeneous distribution. Retrospective dosimetry needs to be optimized and further developed in order to be able to deal with real exposure cases, where a mixture of both external and internal exposures will be encountered most of the times.
Fast high-pressure tanning of animal skins by accelerated chromium sulphate complexation
Authors: Prokein M. , Renner M. , Weidner E. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In the conventional leather production process, basic chromium sulphate (BCS) penetrates fully inside the collagen matrix during tanning and forms oligo-nuclear complexes that stabilize the skin structure during basification. Accelerated chromium sulphate complexation by basifying the BCS before full penetration leads to surface tanning and low leather qualities. Therefore, long processing times of 16 h for tanning and basification are common in modern tanneries. We used sodium hydrogen carbonate to basify BCS before penetration. However, instead of conventional tanning we performed CO2 tanning at 30 bar. The influence of accelerated chromium sulphate complexation on the leather quality was investigated. To estimate the structures of the formed chromium complexes, we considered the pH trend of the tanning solution during basification depending on the amount of basifying agent. The distribution of chromium oxide (Cr2O3) and the shrinkage temperature (Ts) in three different layers of the cross section were analysed. The analytics allowed the assessment whether the tanning agent penetrates through the whole cross section or adheres to the surface during CO2 tanning. We show that CO2-intensified tanning allows accelerated chromium sulphate complexation and a reduction in the tanning time from 16 to 4 h. The Cr2O3 is equally distributed, and Ts above 100 °C meets the standards of high-quality wet blue. However, the pH value of the tanning solution must not rise above 4.5 during basification. Otherwise, the Ts decrease dramatically. The feasibility of the process is demonstrated in a 1700-L drum, with a batch size of about 500 kg. The CO2-intensified tanning process has high potential to save time and chemicals and reduce emissions in industrial applications and is commercially competitive.

Graphic abstract
Non-specific phospholipase C (NPC): an emerging class of phospholipase C in plant growth and development
Authors: Nakamura Yuki , Ngo Anh H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNon-specific phospholipase C (NPC) is a novel class of phospholipase C found only in bacteria and higher plants. NPC hydrolyzes major phospholipid classes such as phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to produce diacylglycerol (DAG) and a corresponding phosphate-containing polar head group. Originally known as a toxin in certain bacteria to invade the host cell, this class of phospholipase has been well-investigated in bacteriology. Since the first discovery of eukaryotic NPC in Arabidopsis in 2005, this emerging class of phospholipase has received greater attention in plant biology in elucidating the biochemical characteristics and physiological function in the context of plant growth regulation and stress response. Particularly in the last few years, there has been significant progress made in understanding the fundamental character of 6 NPC isoforms in Arabidopsis, as well as novel function in other plant models. Now that research with plant NPC is entering into a new phase, this review aims to summarize recent progress in plant NPC along with some future perspectives.
Mental health of Malaysian university students: UK comparison, and relationship between negative mental health attitudes, self-compassion, and resilience
Authors: Kotera Yasuhiro , Ting Su-Hie , Neary Siobhan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPoor mental health of university students is becoming a serious issue in many countries. Malaysia - a leading country for Asia-Pacific education - is one of them. Despite the government’s effort to raise awareness, Malaysian students’ mental health remains challenging, exacerbated by the students’ negative attitudes towards mental health (mental health attitudes). Relatedly, self-compassion and resilience have been reported to improve mental health and mental health attitudes. Malaysian students (n = 153) responded to paper-based measures about mental health problems, negative mental health attitudes, self-compassion, and resilience. Scores were compared with 105 UK students, who also suffered from poor mental health and negative mental health attitudes, to make a cross-cultural comparison, to contextualise Malaysian students’ mental health status, usingttests (aim 1). Correlation, path, and moderation analyses were conducted, to evaluate the relationships among these mental health constructs (aim 2). Malaysian students scored higher on mental health problems and negative mental health attitudes, and lower on self-compassion and resilience than UK students. Mental health problems were positively associated with negative mental health attitudes, and negatively associated with self-compassion and resilience. While self-compassion mediated the relationship between negative mental health attitudes and mental health problems (high self-compassion weakened the impacts of negative mental health attitudes on mental health problems), resilience did not moderate the same relationship (the level of resilience did not influence the impact of negative mental health attitudes on mental health problems). Self-compassion training was suggested to counter the challenging mental health in Malaysian university students.
Perceived Wellbeing Effects of Ecosystems in Finland
Authors: Lyytimäki Jari , Pitkänen Kati 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHuman recognition, valuation, and communication lie at the heart of ecosystem goods and services. We explore how the wellbeing effects of ecosystems are recognized and communicated based on data obtained from an information campaign to increase public awareness of the health and wellbeing benefits of rural nature areas in Finland. Interested members of the public from different backgrounds were asked to outline and publicly share short descriptions of their personal recommendations for improving their wellbeing through interacting with rural landscapes. The results indicate that a wide variety of ecosystem types and functions are perceived to be important for producing a range of wellbeing benefits through experiencing and multisensory observations of natural landscapes. The importance of cultural and experiential ecosystem services were highlighted while provisioning services received only minor attention, and regulating services were almost entirely unnoted.
Interventions to Reduce Stigma Related to Mental Illnesses in Educational Institutes: a Systematic Review
Authors: Waqas Ahmed , Malik Salma , Fida Ania , Abbas Noureen , Mian Nadeem , Miryala Sannihitha , Amray Afshan Naz , Shah Zunairah , Naveed Sadiq 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis investigation reviews the effectiveness of anti-stigma interventions employed at educational institutes; to improve knowledge, attitude and beliefs regarding mental health disorders among students. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist guidelines were followed and protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018114535). Forty four randomized controlled trials were considered eligible after screening of 104 full-text articles against inclusion and exclusion criteria.Several interventions have been employed to tackle stigma toward psychiatric illnesses, including education through lectures and case scenarios, contact-based interventions, and role-plays as strategies to address stigma towards mental illnesses. A high proportion of trials noted that there was a significant improvement for stigma (19/25, 76%), attitude (8/11, 72%), helping-seeking (8/11, 72%), knowledge of mental health including recognition of depression (11/14, 78%), and social distance (4/7, 57%). These interventions also helped in reducing both public and self-stigma. Majority of the studies showed that the anti-stigma interventions were successful in improving mental health literacy, attitude and beliefs towards mental health illnesses.
The isomerization of S-carvone over the natural clinoptilolite as the catalyst: the influence of reaction time, temperature and catalyst content
Authors: Wróblewska Agnieszka , Retajczyk Monika 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This work describes the isomerization of S-carvone using a natural zeolite—clinoptilolite as the catalyst. The isomerization of S-carvone was carried out at the catalyst content in the reaction mixture from 5 to 15 wt%, in a temperature range of 190–210 °C and for the reaction time from 60 to 300 min. The main product of the isomerization of S-carvone was aromatic alcohol with many practical applications—carvacrol. The use of the most favorable reaction conditions (the reaction time of 3 h, the temperature of 210 °C and the catalyst content 15 wt%) allowed to obtain this compound with high yield amounted to about 90 mol%. The S-carvone isomerization is an example of environmentally friendly process because it does not use any solvents, S-carvone can be separated from cheap cumin waste (renewable biomass) and a cheap zeolite of natural origin—clinoptilolite can be is used as the catalyst.

Graphic abstract
Prevalence of hyponatremia among older inpatients in a general hospital
Authors: Zhang Xu , Li Xiao-Ying 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to explore the incidence, clinical features, etiology, and mortality of hyponatremia in older inpatients and thus provide preliminary data for an epidemiological study.

Methods
Hospitalized older patients diagnosed with hyponatremia at the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital during January 2013–December 2016 were stratified by serum sodium concentrations into mild (130– < 135 mmol/L), moderate (125– < 130 mmol/L) and severe hyponatremia groups (< 125 mmol/L). Etiologies, medication histories, hospitalization times, and outcomes were analyzed.

Results
During the indicated period, 4364 older patients with hyponatremia were hospitalized, including 2934 men and 1430 women with an average age of 84.6 ± 3.5 years (range 80–104 years). The prevalence of hyponatremia was 24.7%. An analysis of common primary diseases identified respiratory diseases as the most frequent (25.0%), followed by tumors (23.1%), cardiovascular diseases (19.9%), central nervous system diseases (8.9%), and orthopedic diseases (6.1%). PPIs (59.7%), loop diuretics (57.4%), potassium-preserving diuretics (29.5%), ACEIs/ARBs (20.0%), thiazide diuretics (12.5%), and NSAIDs (12.4%) were the drugs most commonly associated with hyponatremia. The in-hospital mortality rate was 11.7%. Aggravated hyponatremia led to a prolonged hospitalization time. Moreover, when compared with mild hyponatremia, moderate and severe hyponatremia were associated with significant increases in in-hospital mortality (ORs 1.89 and 2.66, respectively; 95% CIs 1.54–2.33 and 2.06–3.43, respectively; P < 0.01).

Conclusions
Hyponatremia is a common complication in hospitalized older patients and is caused mainly by respiratory diseases, tumors, and cardiovascular diseases. Given the correlation between the degree of hyponatremia and prognosis, the early and accurate identification and treatment of this condition can reduce the associated morbidity and mortality.
Associations of mindfulness with adolescent outcomes and sexuality
Authors: Leavitt Chelom E. , Allsop David B. , Busby Dean M. , Driggs Shayla M. , Johnson Heather M. , Saxey Matthew T. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionUsing an online survey, we evaluated how adolescent trait and state mindfulness was associated with positive adolescent outcomes in non‐sexually active and sexually active adolescents. Additionally, we evaluated a newly developed measure, the Sexual Mindfulness Measure (SMM), with adolescents.MethodsWe asked 2000 U.S. adolescents (half boys/girls; 1/3 low, medium, and high incomes) aged 13–18 (one group 13–15, another 16–18) about trait mindfulness, sexual state mindfulness, and adolescent outcomes. Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis and structured equation modeling, we evaluated the reliability and validity of the SMM and its associations with adolescent outcomes.ResultsUsing a trait mindfulness measure, we found that mindful adolescents with no sexual experience, showed positive associations with self‐efficacy, body‐esteem, and disclosure with both fathers and mothers. Evaluating adolescents who were sexually active, we confirmed that the SMM had a two‐factor structure and demonstrated acceptable reliability for both male and female adolescents. We found that the SMM was associated with positive sexual attitudes, body image, self‐efficacy, and disclosure to parents above and beyond trait mindfulness.ConclusionsTrait mindfulness was associated with positive self‐assessments and parental disclosure. The SMM provided an important assessment of how sexually active adolescents’ ability to remain aware and non‐judgmental during sexual experiences may be positively associated with outcomes such as sexual consent, positive body image, self‐efficacy, disclosure to parents, and negatively associated with sexual shame and sexual anxiety above and beyond trait mindfulness.
Green Eagle Nation: The Politicization of Sports Journalism in the Post-Independence Nigerian Press
Authors: Schler Lynn , Dubinsky Itamar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe sports pages of the postcolonial press provide a vantage point for viewing the tensions surrounding nation-building in Nigeria. Following independence, coverage of the Green Eagles national football team reflected aspirations for a united Nigeria, but it was also an outlet for the deep political tensions plaguing Nigeria at this time. From 1960 to 1961, contentious games against Ghanaian rivals, disputes around the choice of a national coach, and clashes with referees in international matches all enabled sports journalists to become mouthpieces for both cohesion and discord. Schler and Dubinsky demonstrate that sports pages provide opportunities for viewing the links between postcolonial sports and politics.