bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioral and Psychosocial Factors of Quality of Life Among Adult People Living With HIV on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy, in Public Hospitals of South West Ethiopia, 2018: a Case Control Study
Authors: Gesese Abreha Addis , Desta Yitages Getachew , Behire Endale zenebe 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Despite of the availability of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy, people living with HIV/AIDS suffer from socioeconomic, behavioral and psychosocial related factors affecting their quality of life. Previous studies assessed the magnitude of quality of life but the present one will identify behavioral and psychosocial factors associated with poor quality of live among adult PLWHIV on Antiretroviral therapy in the study setting.Objective: To identify behavioral and psychosocial determinants of Quality of life among Adult PLWHIV on HARRT, in Public Hospitals of Jimma Zone, South West, Ethiopia 2018.Method: Institution based unmatched case control study was employed. Simple random sampling technique was used to select cases and controls using screening criteria. Interviewer administered data collection method was used. Data were entered into Epi-Data and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed. The study was conducted from March 10-April 10- 2018.Results: A total of 75(25%) cases and 225(75%) of controls included in the study. Finally, the odds of poor quality of life among underweight (BMI kg/m2) 2.7 times [AOR 2.7 95%CI (1.0, 7.1)] more likely than normal /obese respondents, khat chewing 1-4 times/weak/month about 4.5 times [AOR 4.5 95%CI (1.85, 10.9)] and at daily intervals 4.7 times more [AOR 4.7 95% CI (1.18, 18.8)] likely than who never chew respectively. Being dissatisfied from support AOR 9.8 95% CI (1.9, 50), Stigmatized patients 8 times more likely than non-stigmatized AOR 8.0 95%CI (3.6, 18.1). Moreover, the odds of poor quality of life among severely depressed patients were 4 times AOR 4.0 95% CI (1.67, 9.83) more likely than mild depressed patients.Conclusion: Being underweight (BMI kg/m2), khat chewing 1-4 times/weak/month, khat chewing at daily interval, being dissatisfied from support, stigma and depression were independently associated. This may inform possible interventions to reduce comorbidities and disease exacerbation by improving on dietary and nutritional programs and support, reducing behavioral factors, improving social support, reducing stigma and depression by appropriate counseling and strengthening currently existing Information Education Communication to help develop life skills.
Estimation technique of global fringe visibility using in interferometers with adjustable visibility
Authors: bai fu-zhong , Chen Jiayi , Gao Xiaojuan , Xu Yongxiang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In the accuracy measurement of phase from interferometers with adjustable fringe visibility, it needs to estimate the visibility of experimental patterns so as to obtain the interference patterns with the maximum visibility. We develop the Fourier-polar transform and combine the directional projection to estimate the global visibility of carrier fringe pattern. The technique is especially used for low-quality fringe pattern such as low contrast and low (signal to noise ratio) SNR that often appear in the interferometric experiment. An illustrative experiment based on the radial shearing interferometer is given. Results generated from this technique are compared with the derived values from theoretical model, and exemplary agreement between both is demonstrated.
All-Optical Computing Based on Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Liao Kun , Chen Ye , Yu Zhongcheng , Hu Xiaoyong , Wang Xingyuan , Lu Cuicui , Lin Hongtao , Du Qingyang , Hu Juejun , Gong Qihuang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The rapid development of information technology has fueled an ever-increasing demand for ultrafast and ultralow-energy-consumption computing. Existing computing instruments are pre-dominantly electronic processors. The scaling of computing speed is limited not only by data transfer between memory and processing units, but also by RC delay associated with integrated circuits. Using photons as information carriers is a promising alternative. Here, we report a strategy to realize ultrafast and ultralow-energy-consumption all-optical computing based on convolutional neural networks, leveraging entirely linear optical interactions. The device is constructed from cascaded silicon Y-shaped waveguides with side-coupled silicon waveguide segments to enable complete phase and amplitude control in each waveguide branch. The generic device concept can be used for equation solving, multifunctional logic operation, Fourier transformation, series expanding and encoding, as well as many other mathematical operations. Multiple computing functions were experimentally demonstrated to validate all-optical computing performances. The time-of-flight of light through the network structure corresponds to an ultrafast computing time of the order of several picoseconds with an ultralow energy consumption of dozens of femtojoules per bit. Our approach can be further expanded to fulfill other complex computing tasks based on non-von Neumann architectures and thus paves a new way for on-chip all-optical computing.
Impact of extracellular matrix properties on neuroblastoma genomic heterogeneity
Authors: López-Carrasco Amparo , Martín-Vañó Susana , Burgos-Panadero Rebeca , Monferrer Ezequiel , Berbegall Ana P , Fernández-Blanco Beatriz , Navarro Samuel , Noguera Rosa 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Increased tissue stiffness is a common feature of malignant solid tumors, often associated with metastasis and poor patient outcomes. Vitronectin, as an extracellular matrix anchorage glycoprotein related to a stiff matrix, is present in a particularly increased quantity and specific distribution in high-risk neuroblastoma. Furthermore, as cells can sense and transform the proprieties of the extracellular matrix into chemical signals through mechanotransduction, genotypic changes related to stiffness are possible.
Methods
We have applied high density SNPa and NGS techniques to in vivo and in vitro models (orthotropic xenograft vitronectin knock-out mice and 3D bioprinted hydrogels with different stiffness) using two representative neuroblastoma cell lines (the MYCN amplified SK-N-BE(2) and the ALK mutated SH-SY5Y), to discern how tumor genomics patterns and clonal heterogeneity of both cell lines are affected.
Results
We describe a remarkable subclonal selection of some genomic aberrations in SK-N-BE(2) cells grown in knock-out vitronectin xenograft mice that also emerged when cultured for long times in stiff hydrogels. Specially, we detected an enlarged subclonal cell population with chromosome 9 aberrations in both models. Similar abnormalities were found in human high-risk neuroblastoma with MYCN amplification. Genomics of the SH-SY5Y cell line remained stable when cultured in both models.
Conclusions
Focus on heterogeneous intratumor segmental chromosome aberrations and mutations, as a mirror image of tumor microenvironment, is a vital area of future research.
Effect of Early Mobilization from Bed to Wheel Chair on Regional Ventilation Distribution Assessed by Electrical Impedance Tomography in Respiratory Failure Patients
Authors: Yuan Siyi , He Huaiwu , Long Yun , Chi Yi , Zhao Zhanqi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Backgrounds: There was limited knowledge about the effect of early mobilization on regional lung ventilation in patients with respiratory failure. The aim of the study was to examine whether electrical impedance tomography (EIT) could help to predict the improvement in ventilation distribution due to mobilization.Methods: Forty-one patients with respiratory failure, who had weaned from ventilator and received early mobilization were prospectively enrolled in this study. EIT was used to assess regional lung ventilation distributions at 4 timepoints during the early mobilization from bed to wheelchair (Tbase: baseline, supine position at the bed, T30min: sitting position on the wheelchair after 30min, T60min: sitting position on the wheelchair after 60min, Treturn: return to supine position on the bed after early mobilization). The EIT-based global inhomogeneity (GI) and center of ventilation (CoV) indices were calculated. EIT images were equally divided into four ventral-to-dorsal horizontal regions of interest (ROIs 1-4). Depending on the improvement of ventilation distribution in dependent regions at T60min (threshold set to 15%), patients were divided into recruited (DR) and non-recruited (Non-DR) groups. Results: From the bed to the wheelchair, a significant and continuous increase of dependent regional ventilation distribution (ROI 3+4: baseline vs. T30min, vs. T60min: 45.9±12.1 vs. 48.7±11.6 vs. 49.9±12.6, p=0.015) and COV (COV baseline vs. T30min, vs. T60min: 48.2±10.1 vs. 50.1±9.2 vs. 50.5±9.6, p=0.003). Besides, there was a significant decrease of GI at T60min. Patients in the DR group (n=18) had significantly higher oxygenation than the Non-DR group (n=23) after early mobilization. ROI4Tbase was significantly negatively correlated to ΔSpO2 (R=0.72, p＜0.001). Using a cut-off value of 6.5%, ROI4Tbase had a 79.2% specificity and 58.8% sensitivity to predict response of dependent region recruitment due to early mobilization. The corresponding area under curve was 0.806 (95%CI, 0.677-0.936).Conclusions: EIT may be a promising tool to predict the ventilation improvement resulted from early mobilization.Trial registration: Effect of Early Mobilization on Regional Lung Ventilation Assessed by EIT, NCT04081129. Registered 9 June 2019 - Retrospectively registered, https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S00096WT&selectaction=Edit&uid=U00020D9&ts=2&cx=v2cwij
Impact of Galcanezumab on Total Pain Burden: Findings From Phase 3 Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Studies in Patients with Episodic or Chronic Migraine (EVOLVE-1, EVOLVE-2, and REGAIN Trials)
Authors: Ailani Jessica , Andrews J Scott , Rettiganti Mallikarjuna , Nicholson Robert A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND
Focus on the frequency of migraine pain may undervalue the total burden of migraine as pain duration and severity may present unique, additive burden. A composite measure of total pain burden (TPB; frequency, severity, and duration) of migraine may provide a more comprehensive characterization of pain burden and treatment response in patients with episodic migraine (EM) or chronic migraine (CM). The impact of galcanezumab 120 mg once-monthly injection versus placebo on TPB among patients with EM or CM was analyzed.
METHODS
Patients from randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled episodic (6-month) and chronic migraine (3-month) studies received once-monthly subcutaneous injection of galcanezumab 120 mg once-monthly or placebo. Total pain burden for a given month was calculated as severity-weighted duration by multiplying duration (hours) and maximum pain severity (0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe) of migraine for each day and summing these over the days in a month. Least square (LS) mean change from baseline in monthly TPB across Months 1–6 (EM) and Months 13 (CM) were compared post hoc using a mixed-model repeated measures model. Correlation of the Migraine Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MSQ) and Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS) to TPB at baseline was assessed.
RESULTS
At baseline, the duration of migraine on a given migraine headache day accounted for the greatest unique proportion of variability (EM, 57.4% and CM, 61.1%) to the TPB after adjusting for frequency of migraine headache days and maximum pain severity. The LS mean decreases from baseline in monthly TPB across months were greater with galcanezumab than placebo for patients with EM (68.6 versus 36.2) and CM (102.6 versus 44.4). The average percent reduction of TPB from baseline was significantly greater with galcanezumab compared with placebo in patients with EM (50.8% versus 17.2%) and CM (29.7% versus 11.0%). Total pain burden in patients with EM and CM correlated with MSQ total score (r = 0.35 and r=-0.37) and MIDAS (r = 0.34 and r = 0.32).
CONCLUSIONS
Greater reduction in TPB was seen in patients with EM and CM treated with galcanezumab 120 mg once-monthly injection relative to placebo. Discussing TPB supports patient-centric conversations regarding treatment expectations when clinicians are evaluating options for migraine prevention.
TRIAL REGISTRATION:
ClinicalTrials.gov: #NCT02614183 (I5Q-MC-CGAG; EVOLVE-1), #NCT02614196 (I5QMCCGAH; EVOLVE-2), and #NCT02614261 (I5Q-MC-CGAI; REGAIN) – all 3 trials were registered on 23 November 2015.
Histamine Intolerance: Clinical Characterization and Determination of Serum Diamine Oxidase (Dao) in a Series of Cases and Controls
Authors: Teresa Peralta , Carla Bastías , Beltran-Ortiz Camila , Magdalena Durán , Verónica Ramos , Antonieta Guzmán María , Pablo Ferrer 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction. Histamine intolerance (HIT) is a pathology with an estimated prevalence of 1% in which there is an imbalance between the intake of histamine via the digestive tract and the body's ability to degrade it. This results in an excessive accumulation of histamine that determines the appearance of gastrointestinal, skin, respiratory and neurological symptoms. The enzyme responsible for degrading histamine in the extracellular space is diamine oxidase (DAO); therefore, HIT is caused due to a deficit in the concentration and/or in the activity of this enzyme. Because histamine is the main mediator of the classic symptoms of IgE-mediated allergic reactions, it is difficult to differentiate a true allergy from HIT since it has basically the same clinical manifestations. Objectives. The objective of this study was to perform a clinical characterization of patients with HIT and to determine the usefulness of quantifying serum DAO concentration in the diagnosis of HIT. Method: Twenty-two patients over the age of 18 with a history of histamine intolerance were recruited, in whom IgE-mediated food allergy was ruled out, and 22 healthy patients. Both groups were surveyed and serum DAO concentration was determined. Results: Middle-aged women predominated in the population with HIT. They described a wide variety of symptoms, with a dominance of abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, flushing, urticaria, itching, headache and dysmenorrhea. When comparing the average serum DAO concentration in the population with HIT (10.686 U/ml) with the average obtained in the control population (20.664 U/ml), there was a significant difference (p < 0.003). Conclusion. The determination of serum DAO concentration is a useful tool for the diagnosis of HIT.
Indirect cholinergic activation slows down pancreatic cancer growth and tumor-associated inflammation
Authors: Pfitzinger Paulo L. , Fangmann Laura , Wang Kun , Demir Elke , Gürlevik Engin , Fleischmann-Mundt Bettina , Brooks Jennifer , D'Haese Jan G. , Teller Steffen , Hecker Andreas , Jesinghaus Moritz , Jäger Carsten , Istvanffy Rouzanna , Kühnel Florian , Friess Helmut , Ceyhan Güralp O. , Demir Ihsan Ekin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Nerve-cancer interactions are increasingly recognized to be of paramount importance for the emergence and progression of pancreatic cancer (PCa). Here, we investigated the role of indirect cholinergic activation on PCa progression through inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) via clinically available AChE-inhibitors, i.e. physostigmine and pyridostigmine.
Methods
We applied immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, MTT-viability, invasion, flow-cytometric-cell-cycle-assays, phospho-kinase arrays, multiplex ELISA and xenografted mice to assess the impact of AChE inhibition on PCa cell growth and invasiveness, and tumor-associated inflammation. Survival analyses were performed in a novel genetically-induced, surgically-resectable mouse model of PCa under adjuvant treatment with gemcitabine+/-physostigmine/pyridostigmine (n = 30 mice). Human PCa specimens (n = 39) were analyzed for the impact of cancer AChE expression on tumor stage and survival.
Results
We discovered a strong expression of AChE in cancer cells of human PCa specimens. Inhibition of this cancer-cell-intrinsic AChE via pyridostigmine and physostigmine, or administration of acetylcholine (ACh), diminished PCa cell viability and invasion in vitro and in vivo via suppression of pERK signaling, and reduced tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) infiltration and serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. In the novel genetically-induced, surgically-resectable PCa mouse model, adjuvant co-therapy with AChE blockers had no impact on survival. Accordingly, survival of resected PCa patients did not differ based on tumor AChE expression levels. Patients with higher-stage PCa also exhibited loss of the ACh-synthesizing enzyme, choline-acetyltransferase (ChAT), in their nerves.
Conclusion
For future clinical trials of PCa, direct cholinergic stimulation of the muscarinic signaling, rather than indirect activation via AChE blockade, may be a more effective strategy.
Changes in newly notified cases and control of tuberculosis in China: time-series analysis of surveillance data
Authors: Wang Yesheng , Zhu Wenlong , Li Tao , Chen Wei , Wang Wei-bing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
China has made progress in tuberculosis control, but this disease remains a burden in many regions of China. We performed time-series analysis to examine changes in the rates of newly notified and newly smear-positive cases of tuberculosis in different regions of China from 1997 to 2017 and assessed the effect of the current control program.
Methods
National and provincial notification data on tuberculosis from 1997 to 2017, which covers 31 provinces in mainland China, were extracted from the Chinese public health science data center. The annual percentage changes in newly notified and smear-positive cases were analyzed using a joinpoint regression method.
Results
There were 17,823,330 newly notified tuberculosis cases from 1997 to 2017, with the greatest number in 2005. A total of 6,378,785 of these cases (35.79%) were smear-positive cases. Most provinces had significant declines in newly notified and smear-positive cases during the most recent years. The declines in newly notified cases were faster in the eastern and central provinces than in the western provinces.
Conclusions
The burden of tuberculosis has been declining throughout China during recent years, but tuberculosis in western China continues to be a public health emergency that needs to be urgently addressed. Effective prevention and control strategies are needed for regions with high disease burdens and those with increasing or unchanging numbers of newly notified and smear-positive cases of tuberculosis.
A Young Adult with COVID-19 and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)-like Illness: A Case Report
Authors: Kofman Aaron D. , Sizemore Emma K. , Detelich Joshua F. , Albrecht Benjamin , Piantadosi Anne L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: A healthy 25-year-old woman developed COVID-19 disease with clinical characteristics resembling Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), a rare form of COVID-19 described primarily in children under 21 years of age.Case Presentation: The patient presented with one week of weakness, dyspnea, and low-grade fevers, followed by mild cough, sore throat, vomiting, diarrhea, and lymph node swelling. She was otherwise healthy, with no prior medical history. Her hospital course was notable for profound acute kidney injury, leukocytosis, hypotension, and cardiac dysfunction requiring ICU admission and vasopressor support. MIS-C-like illness secondary to COVID-19 was suspected due to physical exam findings of conjunctivitis, mucositis, and shock. She improved following IVIG, aspirin, and supportive care, and was discharged on hospital day 5.Conclusion: MIS-C-like illness should be considered in adults presenting with atypical clinical findings and concern for COVID-19. Further research is needed to support the role of IVIG and aspirin in this patient population.
Influence of Educational background in Pathological Stage and Treatment Modalities in Iranian Breast Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Single Center Study
Authors: Kashi Amir Shahram Yousefi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most frequent diagnosed visceral cancer with 13400 new cases annually in Iranian women. There are a few studies in the west countries that indicates that breast cancer patients with higher educational background had better prognosis than patients with lower education background.Objectives: In a retrospective single center study we compared educational background and its relationship to pathological stage and their treatment modalities among 3010 breast cancer patients.Methods: Medical records of 3010 patients with breast cancer from database at Cancer Research Center of the Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences were reviewed and univariate logistic regression analysis was used for association between education background and its relationship to pathological breast cancer stage and treatment modalities. Results: The average age at diagnosis was 49.1 years ± 11.6 years. The proportion of breast cancer patients’ levels of education were 4.2 % illiterate, 7.8% primary school, 7.5% middle school, 21.8% high school and diploma, 18.6% university and above and 40.1% unspecified.Based on univariate logistic regression analysis, the illiterate group had 65.1% of early stage breast cancer (stage I and stage II), and the university and above group had 73.4% of early stage breast cancer (p-value<.001). The rate of receiving chemotherapy, radiotherapy and endocrine therapy was in the illiterate group 35.7%, 42.1%, 50% and was in the university and above group 93.7%, 64.3% and 71.1% respectively(p-value<.001). The rate of breast conserving surgery (BCS) in the illiterate group, the primary school, the middle school, the high school and diploma, and the university and above group was 15.1%, 18%, 16.3%, 42.5%, and 73.2% respectively (p-value<.001).Conclusions: The findings of this study showed that education background have a signiﬁcant impact on pathological staging and the selection of treatment modalities.