bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pan‐genome: A promising resource for noncoding RNA discovery in plants
Authors: Tahir ul Qamar Muhammad , Zhu Xitong , Khan Muhammad Sarwar , Xing Feng , Chen Ling‐Ling 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPlant genomes contain both protein‐coding and noncoding sequences including transposable elements (TEs) and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). The ncRNAs are recognized as important elements that play fundamental roles in the structural organization and function of plant genomes. Despite various hypotheses, TEs are believed to be a major precursor of ncRNAs. Transposable elements are also prime factors that cause genomic variation among members of a species. Hence, TEs pose a major challenge in the discovery and analysis of ncRNAs. With the increase in the number of sequenced plant genomes, it is now accepted that a single reference genome is insufficient to represent the complete genomic diversity and contents of a species, and exploring the pan‐genome of a species is critical. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the field of plant pan‐genomes. We also discuss TEs and their roles in ncRNA biogenesis and present our perspectives on the application of pan‐genomes for the discovery of ncRNAs to fully explore and exploit their biological roles in plants.
From Navier-Stokes to Maxwell via Einstein
Authors: Keeler Cynthia , Manton Tucker , Monga Nikhil 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We revisit the cutoff surface formulation of fluid-gravity duality in the context of the classical double copy. The spacetimes in this fluid-gravity duality are algebraically special, with Petrov type II when the spacetime is four dimensional. We find two special classes of fluids whose dual spacetimes exhibit higher algebraic speciality: constant vorticity flows have type D gravity duals, while potential flows map to type N spacetimes. Using the Weyl version of the classical double copy, we construct associated single-copy gauge fields for both cases, finding that constant vorticity fluids map to a solenoid gauge field. Additionally we find the scalar in a potential flow fluid maps to the zeroth copy scalar.
Tachyonic Kaluza-Klein modes and the AdS swampland conjecture
Authors: Malek Emanuel , Nicolai Hermann , Samtleben Henning 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We compute the Kaluza-Klein spectrum of the non-supersymmetric SO(3) × SO(3)-invariant AdS4 vacuum of 11-dimensional supergravity, whose lowest-lying Kaluza-Klein modes belong to a consistent truncation to 4-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 8 supergravity and are stable. We show that, nonetheless, the higher Kaluza-Klein modes become tachyonic so that this non-supersymmetric AdS4 vacuum is perturbatively unstable within 11-dimensional supergravity. This represents the first example of unstable higher Kaluza-Klein modes and provides further evidence for the AdS swampland conjecture, which states that there are no stable non-supersymmetric AdS vacua within string theory. We also find 27 infinitesimal moduli amongst the Kaluza-Klein modes, which hints at the existence of a family of non-supersymmetric AdS4 vacua.
Some new results about a conjecture by Brian Alspach
Authors: Costa S. , Pellegrini M. A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the following conjecture, proposed by Brian Alspach, concerning partial sums in finite cyclic groups: given a subset A of $$\mathbb {Z}_n{\setminus } \{0\}$$

Z
n

\

{
0
}

of size k such that $$\sum _{z\in A} z\not = 0$$

∑

z
∈
A

z
≠
0

, it is possible to find an ordering $$(a_1,\ldots ,a_k)$$

(

a
1

,
…
,

a
k

)

of the elements of A such that the partial sums $$s_i=\sum _{j=1}^i a_j$$

s
i

=

∑

j
=
1

i

a
j

, $$i=1,\ldots ,k$$

i
=
1
,
…
,
k

, are nonzero and pairwise distinct. This conjecture is known to be true for subsets of size $$k\le 11$$

k
≤
11

in cyclic groups of prime order. Here, we extend this result to any torsion-free abelian group and, as a consequence, we provide an asymptotic result in $$\mathbb {Z}_n$$

Z
n

. We also consider a related conjecture, originally proposed by Ronald Graham: given a subset A of $$\mathbb {Z}_p{\setminus }\{0\}$$

Z
p

\

{
0
}

, where p is a prime, there exists an ordering of the elements of A such that the partial sums are all distinct. Working with the methods developed by Hicks, Ollis, and Schmitt, based on Alon’s combinatorial Nullstellensatz, we prove the validity of this conjecture for subsets A of size 12.
On the Nonstationary Stokes System in a Cone ($$L_p$$ Theory)
Authors: Kozlov V. , Rossmann J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe authors consider the Dirichlet problem for the nonstationary Stokes system in a threedimensional cone. In a previous work they had proved the existence and uniqueness of solution in weighted$$L_2$$L2Sobolev spaces, where the weights are powers of the distance from the vertex of the cone. Now they extend these results to weighted$$L_{q,p}$$Lq,pSobolev spaces.
Discriminant analysis of pyrrolizidine alkaloid contamination in bee pollen based on near-infrared data from lab-stationary and portable spectrometers
Authors: De Jesus Inacio Luciana , Lanza Ilaria , Merlanti Roberta , Contiero Barbara , Lucatello Lorena , Serva Lorenzo , Bisutti Vittoria , Mirisola Massimo , Tenti Sandro , Segato Severino , Capolongo Francesca 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBee pollen may be contaminated with pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and their N-oxides (PANOs), which are mainly detected by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), even though the use of fast near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is an ongoing alternative. Therefore, the main challenge of this study was to assess the feasibility of both a lab-stationary (Foss) and a portable (Polispec) NIR spectrometer in 60 dehydrated bee pollen samples. After an ANOVA-feature selection of the most informative NIR spectral data, canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) was performed to distinguish three quantitative PA/PANO classes (µg/kg): < LOQ (0.4), low; 0.4–400, moderate; > 400, high. According to the LC–MS/MS analysis, 77% of the samples were contaminated with PAs/PANOs and the sum content of the 17 target analytes was higher than 400 µg/kg in 28% of the samples. CDA was carried out on a pool of 18 (Foss) and 22 (Polispec) selected spectral variables and allowed accurate classification of samples from the low class as confirmed by the high values of Matthews correlation coefficient (≥ 0.91) for both NIR spectrometers. Leave-one-out cross-validation highlighted precise recognition of samples characterised by a high PA/PANO content with a low misclassification rate (0.02) as false negatives. The most informative wavelengths were within the < 1000, 1000–1660 and > 2400 nm regions for Foss and > 1500 nm for Polispec that could be associated with cyclic amines, and epoxide chemical structures of PAs/PANOs. In sum, both lab-stationary and portable NIR systems are reliable and fast techniques for detecting PA/PANO contamination in bee pollen.
Collagen hydrogels loaded with fibroblast growth factor-2 as a bridge to repair brain vessels in organotypic brain slices
Authors: Ucar Buket , Yusufogullari Sedef , Humpel Christian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractVessel damage is a general pathological process in many neurodegenerative disorders, as well as spinal cord injury, stroke, or trauma. Biomaterials can present novel tools to repair and regenerate damaged vessels. The aim of the present study is to test collagen hydrogels loaded with different angiogenic factors to study vessel repair in organotypic brain slice cultures. In the experimental set up I, we made a cut on the organotypic brain slice and tested re-growth of laminin + vessels. In the experimental set up II, we cultured two half brain slices with a gap with a collagen hydrogel placed in between to study endothelial cell migration. In the experimental set up I, we showed that the number of vessels crossing the cut was tendencially increased with the addition of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), vascular endothelial growth factor, or platelet-derived growth factor-BB compared to the control group. In the experimental set up II, we demonstrated that a collagen hydrogel loaded with FGF-2 resulted in a significantly increased number of migrated laminin + cells in the gap between the slices compared to the control hydrogel. Co-administration of several growth factors did not further potentiate the effects. Taken together, we show that organotypic brain slices are good models to study brain vessels and FGF-2 is a potent angiogenic factor for endothelial cell proliferation and migration. Our results provide evidence that the collagen hydrogels can be used as an extracellular matrix for the vascular endothelial cells.
Biodiversity Loss Threatens the Current Functional Similarity of Beta Diversity in Benthic Diatom Communities
Authors: Virta Leena , Soininen Janne , Norkko Alf 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe global biodiversity loss has increased the need to understand the effects of decreasing diversity, but our knowledge on how species loss will affect the functioning of communities and ecosystems is still very limited. Here, the levels of taxonomic and functional beta diversity and the effect of species loss on functional beta diversity were investigated in an estuary that provides a naturally steep environmental gradient. The study was conducted using diatoms that are among the most important microorganisms in all aquatic ecosystems and globally account for 40% of marine primary production. Along the estuary, the taxonomic beta diversity of diatom communities was high (Bray-Curtis taxonomic similarity 0.044) and strongly controlled by the environment, particularly wind exposure, salinity, and temperature. In contrast, the functional beta diversity was low (Bray-Curtis functional similarity 0.658) and much less controlled by the environment. Thus, the diatom communities stayed functionally almost similar despite large changes in species composition and environment. This may indicate that, through high taxonomic diversity and redundancy in functions, microorganisms provide an insurance effect against environmental change. However, when studying the effect of decreasing species richness on functional similarity of communities, simulated species loss to 45% of the current species richness decreased functional similarity significantly. This suggests that decreasing species richness may increase variability and reduce the stability and resilience of communities. These results highlight the importance of high taxonomic biodiversity for the stable functioning of benthic communities.
Epibenthic megafauna communities in Northeast Greenland vary across coastal, continental shelf and slope habitats
Authors: Fredriksen Rosalyn , Christiansen Jørgen S. , Bonsdorff Erik , Larsen Lars-Henrik , Nordström Marie C. , Zhulay Irina , Bluhm Bodil A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe marine area of Northeast Greenland belongs to the largest national park in the world. Biodiversity assessments and tailored conservation measures often target specific physiographic or oceanographic features of an area for which detailed knowledge on their biological communities is incomplete. This study, therefore, characterizes epibenthic megafauna communities in a priori defined seabed habitats (fjord, shelf, shelf break and slope) and their relationship to environmental conditions in Northeast Greenland waters as a basis for conservation and management planning. Megabenthos was sampled from the Bessel Fjord across the shelf to the upper continental slope between latitudes 74.55°N–79.27°N and longitudes 5.22°W–21.72°W by Campelen and Agassiz trawls at 18 locations (total of 33 samples) at depths between 65 and 1011 m in August 2015 and September 2017. A total of 276 taxa were identified. Gross estimates of abundance ranged from 4 to 854 individuals 1000 m−2 and biomass ranged from 65 to 528 g wet weight 1000 m−2 (2017 only). The phyla Arthropoda and Porifera contributed the most to taxon richness, while Mollusca and Echinodermata were the most abundant, and Echinodermata had the highest biomass of all phyla. Fjord, shelf, shelf break and slope seabed habitats revealed different megafaunal communities that were partly explained by gradients in depth, bottom oxygen concentration, temperature, salinity, and turbidity. The present study provides a current baseline of megabenthos across seabed habitats in Northeast Greenlandic waters and reveals putative connections between Arctic and Atlantic biota.
Understanding precipitation recycling over the Tibetan Plateau using tracer analysis with WRF
Authors: Gao Yanhong , Chen Fei , Miguez-Macho Gonzalo , Li Xia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe precipitation recycling (PR) ratio is an important indicator that quantifies the land-atmosphere interaction strength in the Earth system’s water cycle. To better understand how the heterogeneous land surface in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) contributes to precipitation, we used the water-vapor tracer (WVT) method coupled with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) regional climate model. The goals were to quantify the PR ratio, in terms of annual mean, seasonal variability and diurnal cycle, and to address the relationships of the PR ratio with lake treatments and precipitation amount. Simulations showed that the PR ratio increases from 0.1 in winter to 0.4 in summer when averaged over the TP with the maxima centered at the headwaters of three major rivers (Yangtze, Yellow and Mekong). For the central TP, the highest PR ratio rose to over 0.8 in August, indicating that most of the precipitation was recycled via local evapotranspiration in summer. The larger daily mean and standard deviation of the PR ratio in summer suggested a stronger effect of land-atmosphere interactions on precipitation in summer than in winter. Despite the relatively small spatial extent of inland lakes, the treatment of lakes in WRF significantly impacted the calculation of the PR ratio over the TP, and correcting lake temperature substantially improved both precipitation and PR ratio simulations. There was no clear relationship between PR ratio and precipitation amount; however, a significant positive correlation between PR and convective precipitation was revealed. This study is beneficial for the understanding of land-atmosphere interaction over high mountain regions.
Association of FKBP5 genotype with depressive symptoms in patients with coronary heart disease: a prospective study
Authors: Brandt Julia , Warnke Katharina , Jörgens Silke , Arolt Volker , Beer Katja , Domschke Katharina , Haverkamp Wilhelm , Kuhlmann Stella L. , Müller-Nordhorn Jacqueline , Rieckmann Nina , Schwarte Kathrin , Ströhle Andreas , Tschorn Mira , Waltenberger Johannes , Grosse Laura 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDepression and coronary heart disease (CHD) are prevalent and often co-occurring disorders. Both have been associated with a dysregulated stress system. As a central element of the stress system, the FKBP5 gene has been shown to be associated with depression. In a prospective design, this study aims to investigate the association of FKBP5 with depressive symptoms in CHD patients. N = 268 hospitalized CHD patients were included. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D) at four time points (baseline, and after 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months). The functional FKBP5 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1360780 was selected for genotyping. Linear regression models showed that a higher number of FKBP5 C alleles was associated with more depressive symptoms in CHD patients both at baseline (p = 0.015) and at 12-months follow-up (p = 0.025) after adjustment for confounders. Further analyses revealed that this effect was driven by an interaction of FKBP5 genotype with patients’ prior CHD course. Specifically, only in patients with a prior myocardial infarction or coronary revascularization, more depressive symptoms were associated with a higher number of C alleles (baseline: p = 0.046; 1-month: p = 0.026; 6-months: p = 0.028). Moreover, a higher number of C alleles was significantly related to a greater risk for dyslipidemia (p = .016). Our results point to a relevance of FKBP5 in the association of the two stress-related diseases depression and CHD.
High-frequency ecological momentary assessment of emotional and interpersonal states preceding and following self-injury in female adolescents
Authors: Koenig Julian , Klier Julia , Parzer Peter , Santangelo Philip , Resch Franz , Ebner-Priemer Ulrich , Kaess Michael 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNon-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a considerable health problem among adolescents. Affect regulation by means of self-injury may promote the maintenance of NSSI. However, existing findings have limited ecological validity. The present study aimed to assess emotional and interpersonal states preceding and following incidents of NSSI in female adolescents. Adolescents with NSSI-disorder completed ecological momentary assessments of affective and interpersonal states on an hourly basis for multiple days. Multilevel mixed-effect regression analyses were conducted to assess antecedences and consequences of acts of self-injury. Data from n = 73 female adolescents covering a total of 52 acts of self-injury were available for analyses. The urge to self-injure on the between subject-level and negative affect on the within-level were best predictors of self-injury. Surprisingly, self-injury increased negative affect and decreased feelings of attachment (mother only) in the following hour. In line with findings in adults, results illustrate the important association between negative affect and self-injury in female adolescents. However, the occurrence of NSSI itself was related to concurrent increases in negative affect, and even prospectively predicted a consecutive increase in negative affect. Therefore, improvements of negative affect following (or during) self-injury, as previously reported, are at best short-lived (< 1 h).
Social media and sensemaking patterns in new product development: demystifying the customer sentiment
Authors: Giannakis Mihalis , Dubey Rameshwar , Yan Shishi , Spanaki Konstantina , Papadopoulos Thanos 
Published: August 2020

AbstractArtificial intelligence by principle is developed to assist but also support decision making processes. In our study, we explore how information retrieved from social media can assist decision-making processes for new product development (NPD). We focus on consumers’ emotions that are expressed through social media and analyse the variations of their sentiments in all the stages of NPD. We collect data from Twitter that reveal consumers’ appreciation of aspects of the design of a newly launched model of an innovative automotive company. We adopt the sensemaking approach coupled with the use of fuzzy logic for text mining. This combinatory methodological approach enables us to retrieve consensus from the data and to explore the variations of sentiments of the customers about the product and define the polarity of these emotions for each of the NPD stages. The analysis identifies sensemaking patterns in Twitter data and explains the NPD process and the associated steps where the social interactions from customers can have an iterative role. We conclude the paper by outlining an agenda for future research in the NPD process and the role of the customer opinion through sensemaking mechanisms.
Why Soot is not Alike Soot: A Molecular/Nanostructural Approach to Low Temperature Soot Oxidation
Authors: Hagen Fabian , Hardock Fabian , Koch Sergej , Sebbar Nadia , Bockhorn Henning , Loukou Alexandra , Kubach Heiko , Suntz Rainer , Trimis Dimosthenis , Koch Thomas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDue to worldwide increasingly sharpened emission regulations, the development of Gasoline Direct Injection and Diesel Direct Injection engines not only aims at the reduction of the emission of nitrogen oxides but also at the reduction of particulate emissions. Regarding present regulations, both tasks can be achieved solely with the help of exhaust after treatment systems. For the reduction of the emission of particulates, Gasoline (GPF) and diesel Particulate Filters (DPF) offer a solution and their implementation is intensely promoted. Under optimal conditions particulates retained on particulate filters are continuously oxidized with the exhaust residual oxygen so that the particulate filter (PF) is regenerated possibly without any additional intervention into the engine operating parameters.
The regeneration behavior of PF depends on the reaction rates of soot particles with oxidative reactants at exhaust gas temperatures. The reaction rates of soot particles from internal combustion engines (ICE) often are discussed in terms of order/disorder on the particle nanoscale, the concentration and kind of functional groups on the particle surfaces, and the content of (mostly polycyclic aromatic) hydrocarbons in the soot. In this work the reactivity of different kinds of soot (soot from flames, soot from ICE, carbon black) under oxidation conditions representative for PF regeneration is investigated. Soot reactivity is determined in dynamic Temperature Programmed Oxidation (TPO) experiments and the soot primary particle morphology and nanostructure is investigated by High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM). An image analysis method based on known methods from the literature and improving some infirmities is used to evaluate morphology and nanostructural characteristics. From this, primary particle size distributions, length and separation distance distributions as well as tortuosities of fringes within the primary particle structures are obtained. Further, UV–visible spectroscopy and Raman scattering and other diagnostic techniques are used to study the properties connected to the reactivity of soot and to corroborate the experimental findings. It is found that nanostructural characteristics predominantly affect reactivity. Oxidation rates are derived from TPO and interpreted on a molecular basis from quantum chemistry calculations revealing a replication/activation oxidation mechanism.
A ground motion logic tree for seismic hazard analysis in the stable cratonic region of Europe: regionalisation, model selection and development of a scaled backbone approach
Authors: Weatherill Graeme , Cotton Fabrice 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRegions of low seismicity present a particular challenge for probabilistic seismic hazard analysis when identifying suitable ground motion models (GMMs) and quantifying their epistemic uncertainty. The 2020 European Seismic Hazard Model adopts a scaled backbone approach to characterise this uncertainty for shallow seismicity in Europe, incorporating region-to-region source and attenuation variability based on European strong motion data. This approach, however, may not be suited to stable cratonic region of northeastern Europe (encompassing Finland, Sweden and the Baltic countries), where exploration of various global geophysical datasets reveals that its crustal properties are distinctly different from the rest of Europe, and are instead more closely represented by those of the Central and Eastern United States. Building upon the suite of models developed by the recent NGA East project, we construct a new scaled backbone ground motion model and calibrate its corresponding epistemic uncertainties. The resulting logic tree is shown to provide comparable hazard outcomes to the epistemic uncertainty modelling strategy adopted for the Eastern United States, despite the different approaches taken. Comparison with previous GMM selections for northeastern Europe, however, highlights key differences in short period accelerations resulting from new assumptions regarding the characteristics of the reference rock and its influence on site amplification.