bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of the risk of developing diabetes mellitus among Bangladeshi adults by using risk assessment score
Authors: Akter Nazma 
Published: February 2020

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered as one of the major health problems worldwide. The rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Bangladesh is primarily attributed to rapid urbanization and associated changes in lifestyle, such as sedentary lifestyle, higher calorie food intake and stressful life. Studies support the utilization of riskassessment scoring systems in quantifying individual’s risk for developing T2DM. Thus, a simple risk-assessment scoring system for early screening of T2DM among Bangladeshi adults will be beneficial to identify the high-risk adults and thus taking adequate preventive measures in combating DM.The purpose of the study was to calculate the risk assessment score of developing T2DM within 10 years among Bangladeshi adults.
Methods: The cross-sectional observational study was carried out in the outpatient department (OPD) of Medicine, MARKS Medical College & Hospital, a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh from February 2018 to July 2018 among randomly sampled 205 adult subjects. Subjects undiagnosed with diabetes mellitus and had previous history of high blood glucose during pregnancy or other health examination (i.e. impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance or gestational diabetes mellitus) were included. From a review of literature regarding risk factors of developing DM in Bangladesh, the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) system was found to be more useful for the Bangladeshi adults. The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) questionnaire was used to collect the data including demographic characteristics and different risk factors and to calculate total risk score for predicting the risk of developing T2DM within 10 years.
Results: Among 205 subjects, male and female were 57.1% and 42.9% respectively. The Mean (±SD) age of the study subjects was 37.64±1.07 years. In this study, both non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors showed statistically significant association with the FINDRISC among Bangladeshi adults (p<0.05). There was a significant association among FINDRISC with history of previous high blood glucose, and treated hypertensive Bangladeshi adults.33.65% of the Bangladeshi adults had slightly elevated diabetes risk score (DRS). This study predicts that 17.55% of the Bangladeshi adults may have moderate to high risk to develop T2DM within the consecutive 10 years.
Conclusion: This study provides a simple, feasible, non-invasive and convenient screening FINDRISC tool that identifies individuals at risk of having T2DM. People with high risk of DM should be referred for early intervention and changes to a healthy lifestyle and primary prevention to prevent or delay the onset of T2DM.
Birdem Med J 2020; 10(1): 40-47
Foreign Body Ingestion in Children: Urgency of Management
Authors: Mazumder Md Wahiduzzaman , Karim ASM Bazlul , Rukunuzzaman Md , Begum Fahmida , Nahid Khan Lamia 
Published: February 2020

The majority of foreign body ingestions occur in children between the ages of six months and three years. Most cases are brought to medical attention by their parents because the ingestion was witnessed or reported to them. Commonly ingested objects include coins, button batteries, toys, toy parts, magnets, safety pins, screws, marbles, bones, and food boluses. Many of the children are asymptomatic or have transient symptoms at the time of the ingestion. A careful history and physical examination are the keystones in diagnosing an esophageal foreign body and to the prevention of its complications. Imaging can be used to confirm the findings and to localize the site of the foreign body. Clinical management focuses on identifying and treating the cases at risk for complications, which depends on the location and type of foreign body. Timing of removal depends on nature of ingested object and signs & symptoms of the airway/intestinal obstruction. Flexible endoscopy for most foreign body extractions is preferred.
Bangladesh J Child Health 2019; VOL 43 (2) :106-112
Congenital Pulmonary Agenesis of Left Upper Lobe
Authors: Sarkar Probir Kumar , Akand Nabila , Rahman Md Shakibur , Kamruzzaman Md 
Published: February 2020

Underdevelopment of lung is a group of congenital anomalies classified into agenesis, aplasia, and hypoplasia of lung, on the basis of presence or absence of lung parenchyma, bronchial tree, and pulmonary artery. The pathogenesis of such anomalies is not accurately known with several proposed theories. It is often associated with anomalies of the cardiovascular & genitourinary systems. An isolated left upper lobe pulmonary agenesis is rare and more commonly involves the right upper and middle lobes. The prevalence of this condition has been noted to be 0.0034–0.0097%. It is associated with the absence of lung parenchyma, bronchial tree, pulmonary vasculature, and may remain undiagnosed until adulthood. Treatment depends on patient’s symptoms, with most patients being treated conservatively. Herein, we report an eight month old infant who presented with fever, cough, and respiratory distress and treated as a case of left sided pneumonic collapse consolidation without radiological improvement and finally diagnosed as a case of left upper lobe pulmonary agenesis with low serum IgA level.
Bangladesh J Child Health 2019; VOL 43 (2) :122-125
Contact and gustatory effects of spinosad on the survivability of Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in wheat
Authors: Habiba Umme , Islam W , Parween Selina 
Published: February 2020

The present study was planned to evaluate the effect of spinosad on the survivability and development of Sitophilus oryzae on four wheat varieties viz., BARI-26, BARI-28, Shatabdi-21 and Prodip-24. Three doses in three replications for spinosad were applied to four wheat varieties. Spinosad concentrations significantly increased the total developmental period compared to the control in a dose-dependent manner on four wheat varieties. The highest developmental period took 41.67 ± 0.33 days to become adult was recorded in S-21 at 0.0003 μl/g of spinosad in F1. All adults of F1 did not reach in F2 because surprisingly all adults died after emergence. So, no developmental period was found in S-21 (0.00±0.00) and B-28 (0.00 ± 0.00) days at 0.0003 μl/g spinosad in F2. On the other hand, five mated females were released on the treated wheat with different concentrations of spinosad for 10 - 15 days; then they were removed. Treated wheat was checked for up to 30 to 60 days and observed the progeny for two successive generations (1st and 2nd). Each combination of insect species, insecticide rate, and exposure duration were replicated three times. Among four wheat varieties, the lowest adult emergence was recorded as 08.00 ± 0.58 in F1 and totally controlled in F2 generation in S-21 variety at 0.0003 μl/g. Spinosad concentrations significantly increased the total developmental period compared to the control in a dosedependent manner on four wheat varieties.
Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(2): 253-262, 2019
Heavy metals in water, sediment and three fish species of Dhaleshwari river, Savar
Authors: Mohanta Liton Chandra , Niloy Md Nazmul Hasan , Chowdhury Gawsia Wahidunnessa , Islam Dipa , Lipy Evena Parvin 
Published: February 2020

The study was conducted to assess the pollution of five heavy metals, namely arsenic (As), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and copper (Cu). Their concentrations in water and sediments as well as in three fish species such as Labeo rohita (herbivorous), Wallago attu (carnivorous) and Heteropneustes fossilis (omnivorous) were recorded. During wet and dry seasons As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu concentrations in river water ranged from the ‘below detection level (BDL)’- 0.0019, 0.3702 - 0.4163, 0.0285 - 0.0294, 1.204 - 1.36, 0.0315 - 0.0807 ppm and 0.0016 - 0.0180, 0.1305 - 0.1889, 0.0297 - 0.0309, BDL, 0.0381 - 0.0543 ppm, respectively. There was no significant seasonal variation in As and Cu conc. in river water but Cr and Pb conc. were significantly higher during the wet season and Cd conc. was significantly higher during dry season. During the wet and dry seasons As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu conc. in river sediments ranged from 3.67 - 7.13, 21.58 - 64.96, 1.36 - 1.72, 1126.66 - 1199.46, 45.91 - 115.57 ppm and 5.10 - 8.88, 19.27 - 30.75, 1.39 - 1.48, 99.67 - 446.72, 68.98 - 442.78 ppm, respectively. There were no significant seasonal variations in As, Pb, Cd and Cu concentrations of river sediment but Cr concentration was significantly higher during the wet season. Among muscle, gill and gut tissues of three selected fish species, Pb showed the highest level of accumulation in gill tissues while As showed the lowest level of accumulation in muscle tissues in all three species. Pb, Cd and Cr concentrations in the river water were above WHO Guideline values while As and Cu concentrations were below WHO Guideline values. As, Pb, Cd, Cr and Cu concentrations in the river sediment were above the environmental protection agency’s threshold effect level. In all the three studied fish species, As conc. was below FAO guideline value. Pb, Cd and Cr conc. were higher than FAO guideline value in all three fish species and Cu conc. was above FAO guideline value in one species (H. fossilis). At least three heavy metal concentrations were above FAO guideline value in all three fish species. Therefore, all three fish species were not safe for human consumption.
Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(2): 263-272, 2019
Effects of weather on the abundance and infestation of major insect pests of sweet gourd in Gazipur
Authors: Afroz Mansura , Amin Md Ruhul , Miah Md Ramiz Uddin , Hossain M Mofazzal 
Published: February 2020

The study was to assess the infestation of red pumpkin beetle, epilachna beetle and fruit fly on 12 germplasm of sweet gourd Cucurbita moschata. The study also investigated the effect of weather parameters on the abundance of the insects. Red pumpkin beetle, epilachna beetle and fruit fly showed the highest level of infestation during 3rd week of December, 3rd week of January and 4th week of February, respectively. All the insects revealed the lowest level of infestation on BD274 and BD277 germplasm. Relative humidity had insignificant positive correlation with all the insects. Red pumpkin beetle showed significant positive correlation with temperature. Epilachna beetle exerted significant positive correlation with rainfall. The weather parameters jointly contributed 35.2% abundance of red pumpkin beetle and temperature individually depicted the highest effect (18.9%). Rainfall revealed the highest contribution (44.4%) on the abundance of epilachna beetle and the combined effect of the weather parameters was 66.5%. Temperature, relative humidity and rainfall showed 43.2% contribution on fruit fly abundance and the individual effect of relative humidity was the highest (27.0%).
Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(2): 285-291, 2019
Biological traits and susceptibility of Delia antiqua (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) in onion
Authors: Nahar Kamrun , Sultana Shanjida , Akter Tangin , Begum Shefali 
Published: February 2020

The pre-oviposition period of mated and unmated female reared on Bangladeshi and Indian onion was 4.5 ± 0.5, 4.37 ± 0.6 days and 4.11 ± 0.09, 4.45 ± 0.32 days, respectively. The oviposition period of mated and unmated female was 5.6 ± 0.6, 6.03 ± 0.6 days and 6.48 ± 0.39, 6.5 ± 0.34 days reared on Bangladeshi and Indian onion, respectively. The life cycle of Delia antiqua consisted of four definite stages: egg, larva, pupa and adult. The incubation period was1.38 ± 0.11 and 1.25 ± 0.05 days; larval period was 5.7 ± 0.7 and 5.4 ± 0.05 days; pupal period was 6.8 ± 0.2 and 6.08 ± 0.2 days, respectively. There were three larval instars in D. antiqua. To complete the total life cycle it required shorter period in Indian than in Bangladeshi onion. The total life cycle of female was 16.73 ± 0.89 and 15.29 ± 0.45 days, respectively on Bangladeshi and Indian onion. The difference between the life cycle of female was significant (p < 0.05) in Bangladeshi and Indian onion. Fecundity was higher in Indian than in Bangladeshi onion. The fecundity of female D. antiqua reared in Bangladeshi and Indian onion was 75.2 ± 4.09 and 89.2 ± 2.39, respectively and it was significantly (p < 0.05) varied. Female lived longer than male D. antiqua. It was more susceptible in Indian than Bangladeshi onion irrespective of the duration of life cycle and fecundity.
Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(2): 325-332, 2019
Water quality and fish diversity of Chengi river of Khagrachari district
Authors: Latifa Gulshan Ara , Majumder Ahmad Kamruzzaman , Kabir Md Humayun , Chakma Arnab 
Published: February 2020

Chengi a major river of Khagrachari district is getting polluted day by day due to unplanned river management. Both primary and secondary data have been used to conduct this work. Primary data have been collected through extensive field work, questionnaire and sample collection. Water samples have been collected from three sampling station, namely Ganjapara, Chengi Bridge and Rubber factory sites. Water temperature is higher at different sampling stations in the study site than Bangladesh standards (25°C) due to the direct hit of the sun. The maximum DO value is 5.8 mg/l at the sampling station one and the minimum is 5.3 mg/l at station three. So, it concluded that the DO value of the Chengi river is comparatively lower than the Bangladesh Standards. The water Temperature and pH is higher than the Bangladesh standards and the value of other parameters are very lower than the Bangladesh standards. In fish diversity, 10 families belonging to 6 orders were recorded and identified by the fin formula. The order Cypriniformes occupied 40%, the order Perciformes which occupies 25% and the order Beloniformes, Siluriformes, Cyprinodontiformes occupied 10% and Mollusks and other invertebrates occupied 25%, respectively in all cases. This work provides a complete picture of the water quality and also the fish diversity of the Chengi River. It will be helpful for water resource management and planning.
Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(2): 343-353, 2019
Spectrum of hypocalcaemia after thyroid surgery in Dhaka Medical College Hospital
Authors: Chowdhury Anup Kumar , Fakir Abu Yusuf , Islam Md Nazmul , Abedin Syed AM Asfarul , Arafat Mohammad Shaharior , Saha Bishwojit Kumar 
Published: February 2020

Hypocalcaemia is not a uncommon complication after thyroid gland surgery. The extent of surgery and expertise are the vital factors to determine the spectrum of hypocalcaemia. This study was done to observe the spectrum of hypocalcaemia after different extent of thyroid gland surgery. A total of 70 consecutive patients were enrolled in the study by purposive sampling who received treatment for thyroid disorder in department of ENT and Head Neck Surgery, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. They underwent different extent of thyroid surgery from January, 2017 to June, 2017. A prospective study was conducted for this 6 months period. A pre-structured, interview and observation based, peer reviewed data collection sheet was prepared. Data regarding sociodemographic, clinical, surgical and outcome profile were recorded. Data were compiled, edited and analyzed with SPSS version 23. Data were presented as mean and standard deviation, frequency percentage and median with range. The mean age of the respondents was 46.79±6.79 years (age range: 36-73 years.). Male to female ratio was 1:2.3. All the patients underwent total, near total, subtotal and completion thyroidectomy. 35(50%) and 28 (40%) patients underwent surgery due to papillary thyroid carcinoma and multinodular goiter respectively. Total of 30 patients developed hypocalcaemia. Among them, 22(73.33%) developed asymptomatic or mild hypocalcaemia which subsequently developed symptomatic hypocalcaemia (26.67%). Out of these 30 patients,15(50%) and 10 (33.33%) patients developed hypocalcaemia intraoperative (20 minutes after surgery) and after 24 hours after surgery respectively. Serum calcium level significantly decreases after total thyroidectomy and most critical time is the first 24 hours of post thyroidectomy period.
Bangladesh Med J. 2018 Jan; 47 (1): 1-5
Fasting lipid in overweight and obese children: A hospital based study
Authors: Hossain Monira , Begum Suraiya , Rahman Shahana 
Published: February 2020

Background: Obesity has become one of the most important public health problems in recent years. Childhood obesity increases the risk of morbidities such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), metabolic syndrome etc. Dyslipidemia pattern consists of a combination of elevated total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Aim of this study was to assess fasting lipid profile and pattern of dyslipidemia in overweight and obese children in a hospital setting.
Methods: It was a cross sectional study done in children, aged 5 to 16 years, attending the paediatric endocrine clinic and paediatric outpatient department, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka over a period of 18 months. All overweight and obese children as well as normal weight children were selected after considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were categorised as group A (overweight and obese) and group B (normal weight).
Results: In group A, 77.0% of children were obese and 23.0% were overweight. Total cholesterol, LDL and TG were significantly higher in group A (p<0.05). HDL was low in 58.0% of group A and 52.0% of group B which was not significantly different (p>0.05) between the groups. Most of the overweight and obese children had one or two lipid parameters abnormality but majority of normal weight children had one parameter abnormality. Dyslipidaemia was present in 80.0% and 64.0% among group A and group B respectively, which was significantly different (p<0.05).
Conclusion: It was observed that 80.0% patients had dyslipidaemia among the overweight and obese children and total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and triglyceride level were significantly higher in this group.
Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2019; 45: 81-85
Awareness about Antenatal Care Services among Rural Pregnant Women
Authors: Zafreen Farzana , Rahman Md Mahbubur , Rahman Latifa , Wahab Md Abdul 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Antenatal care (ANC) is the care of a pregnant woman required to ensure a healthy pregnancy and safe childbirth. According to the World Health Organization to achieve the full life-saving potential for pregnant women and babies, minimum four ANC visits are essential. Quality and quantity of ANC visit depends on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, awareness and attitude of the individual. To get the benefits from ANC services awareness among pregnant women and their family members are very important.
Objective: To evaluate the awareness about ANC service among the pregnant women attending Upazila Health Complex of a rural community.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the pregnant women attending the outpatient department of Kaligonj Upazila Health Complex, Gazipur, Bangladesh from January to March 2017. Data were collected by face-to-face interview of the respondents using a structured questionnaire. Chi-square (χ2) test was done to see the association among the respondents’ socio-demographic characteristics with awareness about ANC services.
Result: Respondents’ age range was 16-40 years and 61.9% were below 25 years and 71.1% married before 20 years. More than half (66.5%) of the respondents’ found aware about pregnancy danger sign, safe delivery and benefits of ANC service. This study found a significant (p<0.05) association between socio-demographic characteristics and awareness about ANC services of respondents.
Conclusion: Overall knowledge and awareness level on different component and benefits of ANC visit were below the national standard. To improve the community awareness and practice on ANC services community campaign is recommended.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(2) 2017: 11-14
L'étude de la demande des nouveaux services : comportements des usagers non professionnels du Minitel
Authors: Stern Daniel , Tan Suy Ho , Jambu Michel 
Published: February 2020

This paper describes results of a sample survey on the Teletel service consumers. This survey is managed by the Direction Générale des Télécommunications, France, with the object to describe the demand for this service.
The survey was made on a 1787 persons sample. The questions, over seventy, belong to following domains :
-connections frequency and time-used
-most used services
-reasons to connect, or not to connect
-satisfaction
We show how to use multivariate methods, as correspondence analysis, for processing this survey. This allows to highlight sociological and geographical factors, linked particularly to the type of used services.
Les aires de relations dans le massif jurassien
Authors: Gillon Pascal 
Published: February 2020

L'analyse des flux téléphoniques du réseau urbain franc-comtois en direction de la Suisse permet de cerner quatre zones de relations distinctes dans la zone frontalière, où se développent de fortes interactions. Ces zones sont définies principalement par l'influence combinée du relief et des structures socio-économiques.
Ainsi grâce à l'analyse du trafic téléphonique international d’une région frontalière, on peut prévoir les relations qui se tissent entre les villes, à condition de travailler à une échelle fine.
Dans notre cas, ces observations ont été confirmées avec une grande précision par d'autres données, telles que les migrations des travailleurs frontaliers et l'aire de chalandise de grandes surfaces.
Program for a commission of the IGU on geographical study of Communication Networks and Telecommunications
Authors: Bakis Henry 
Published: February 2020

Statement of Objectives for the proposed IGU Commission :
— Integrate telecommunications topics into the work of other IGU commissions in the field of human geography .
— Undertake the study of themes that are not treated elsewhere within the IGU.
— Study the specific role of the means of telecommunications in -intercontinental relations -initial phases of development
-the differentiation of space Appendix : proposed membership
Areas of delayed development and Mediterranean countries. The south of Italy: case-study to define new intervention strategies
Authors: Fedele Carmela , Mazzeo Giuseppe 
Published: February 2020

The Mediterranean basin can be considered an unitary geographical area in which are present strong links among the countries that take place, even though high social and economic differences can be noticed. Such different realities can be lead back to three different typology of areas in relation to their level of development : developed areas, areas of delayed development and underdeveloped areas.
In this context, the South of Italy, as area of delayed development, represents a territorial intermediate system with a trend of growth addressed toward a more elevated development. In consideration of this trend of growth the South of Italy represents an interesting case-study as “hinge” area among the developed areas of Continental Europe and the underdeveloped areas of the Mediterranean basin.
The paper shows this trend of growth, that is taking place through the development of the telecommunication networks, the diffusion of advanced services, the establishment of new relation networks among the subject within the area and at the exterior.
The paper is aimed to define interventions strategies in order to modify and to develop the role of the South of Italy in the Mediterranean context. The individuation of such strategies can be traslated in more general directions of intervention for other areas of delayed development or underdeveloped.