bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleeping trees and sleep-related behaviours of the siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus) in a tropical lowland rainforest, Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Harrison Nathan J. , Hill Ross A. , Alexander Cici , Marsh Christopher D. , Nowak Matthew G. , Abdullah Abdullah , Slater Helen D. , Korstjens Amanda H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSleeping tree selection and related behaviours of a family group and a solitary female siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus) were investigated over a 5-month period in northern Sumatra, Indonesia. We performed all day follows, sleeping tree surveys and forest plot enumerations in the field. We tested whether: (1) physical characteristics of sleeping trees and the surrounding trees, together with siamang behaviours, supported selection based on predation risk and access requirements; (2) the preferences of a solitary siamang were similar to those of a family group; and (3) sleeping site locations within home ranges were indicative of home range defence, scramble competition with other groups or other species, or food requirements. Our data showed that (1) sleeping trees were tall, emergent trees with some, albeit low, connectivity to the neighbouring canopy, and that they were surrounded by other tall trees. Siamangs showed early entry into and departure from sleeping trees, and slept at the ends of branches. These results indicate that the siamangs’ choice of sleeping trees and related behaviours were strongly driven by predator avoidance. The observed regular reuse of sleeping sites, however, did not support anti-predation theory. (2) The solitary female displayed selection criteria for sleeping trees that were similar to those of the family group, but she slept more frequently in smaller trees than the latter. (3) Siamangs selected sleeping trees to avoid neighbouring groups, monopolise resources (competition), and to be near their last feeding tree. Our findings indicate selectivity in the siamangs’ use of sleeping trees, with only a few trees in the study site being used for this purpose. Any reduction in the availability of such trees might make otherwise suitable habitat unsuitable for these highly arboreal small apes.
Transverse shear and normal deformation effects on vibration behaviors of functionally graded micro-beams
Authors: Su Zhu , Wang Lifeng , Sun Kaipeng , Sun Jie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA quasi-three dimensional model is proposed for the vibration analysis of functionally graded (FG) micro-beams with general boundary conditions based on the modified strain gradient theory. To consider the effects of transverse shear and normal deformations, a general displacement field is achieved by relaxing the assumption of the constant transverse displacement through the thickness. The conventional beam theories including the classical beam theory, the first-order beam theory, and the higherorder beam theory are regarded as the special cases of this model. The material properties changing gradually along the thickness direction are calculated by the Mori-Tanaka scheme. The energy-based formulation is derived by a variational method integrated with the penalty function method, where the Chebyshev orthogonal polynomials are used as the basis function of the displacement variables. The formulation is validated by some comparative examples, and then the parametric studies are conducted to investigate the effects of transverse shear and normal deformations on vibration behaviors.
Global optimization via inverse distance weighting and radial basis functions
Authors: Bemporad Alberto 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGlobal optimization problems whose objective function is expensive to evaluate can be solved effectively by recursively fitting a surrogate function to function samples and minimizing an acquisition function to generate new samples. The acquisition step trades off between seeking for a new optimization vector where the surrogate is minimum (exploitation of the surrogate) and looking for regions of the feasible space that have not yet been visited and that may potentially contain better values of the objective function (exploration of the feasible space). This paper proposes a new global optimization algorithm that uses inverse distance weighting (IDW) and radial basis functions (RBF) to construct the acquisition function. Rather arbitrary constraints that are simple to evaluate can be easily taken into account. Compared to Bayesian optimization, the proposed algorithm, that we call GLIS (GLobal minimum using Inverse distance weighting and Surrogate radial basis functions), is competitive and computationally lighter, as we show in a set of benchmark global optimization and hyperparameter tuning problems. MATLAB and Python implementations of GLIS are available at http://cse.lab.imtlucca.it/~bemporad/glis.
Teacher time outs in rehearsals: in-service teachers learning ambitious mathematics teaching practices
Authors: Wæge Kjersti , Fauskanger Janne 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe article focuses on rehearsals as part of a practice-based approach to professional development. Fourteen Norwegian elementary in-service teachers (ISTs) collaborate in learning cycles of enactment and investigation, where the overarching aim is to learn to enact the practices that constitute ambitious mathematics teaching. Rehearsals are an important part of these cycles. We examine the patterns of use of teacher time outs (TTOs) in rehearsals and how TTOs enable the ISTs to learn core practices of ambitious teaching. The findings reveal that approximately 60% of the time in rehearsals is spent on ISTs’ teaching and 40% on TTOs. The TTOs enable the ISTs to learn together the practices of using representations, aiming towards goals, launching problems, organising the board and facilitating student talk. The findings reveal that the participants were able to work simultaneously on multiple practices, and a recurrent theme in the TTOs is representing students’ ideas as accurately as possible whilst simultaneously considering the mathematical correctness of the representations.
On the Metastability of the 1-d Allen–Cahn Equation
Authors: Westdickenberg Maria G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe apply an energy method for metastability, developed in an earlier work with Otto, to the Allen–Cahn equation on the line and a broad class of initial data. In the earlier work, we for simplicity considered the equation on $$(0,L)\times (0,\infty )$$

(
0
,
L
)
×
(
0
,
∞
)

with periodic boundary conditions and an initial condition with two simple zeros. In this paper we explain the implications of the metastability framework (slightly modified as in previous joint work with Scholtes) for the equation on $${\mathbb {R}}\times (0,\infty )$$

R
×
(
0
,
∞
)

and a more general initial condition. Our goal is to make clear the strength of the metastability framework and to highlight the difference in the analysis between the second-order Allen–Cahn equation and the fourth-order Cahn–Hilliard equation.
A Procedure for Designing Custom-Made Implants for Forehead Augmentation in People Suffering from Apert Syndrome
Authors: Mandolini Marco , Caragiuli Manila , Brunzini Agnese , Mazzoli Alida , Pagnoni Mario 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a methodological procedure, based on the anatomical reconstruction and constrained deformation, to design custom-made implants for forehead augmentation in people affected by Apert syndrome, experiencing a frontal bone deficiency. According to the anthropometric theory, a cranial landmarks identification procedure was applied to retrieve, from a repository, a healthy skull, used as reference geometry for implant modelling. Then, using constrained deformation and free-form modelling techniques, it was possible to design a patient-specific implant. At last, the implant was realised using a custom mould, specially designed according to the patient’s needs to provide an accurate fit of the defect site. The design procedure was tested on a patient suffering from Apert syndrome. Three implants were virtually modelled and 3D-printed for pre-surgical evaluation. Their shapes were 3D compared with a reference one (handcrafted by a surgeon) to test the accuracy. Deviations are negligible, and the customised implant fulfilled the surgeon’s requirements.
Kornai on the affinity of systems: Is China today an illiberal capitalist system or a communist dictatorship?
Authors: Mihályi Péter , Szelényi Iván 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMore than 40 years ago, János Kornai introduced his famous supermarket metaphor. Socioeconomic systems cannot be constructed from purposely selected features, similar to customers in a supermarket, who can freely put into their shopping trolley whatever they like. Systems constitute an organic whole. They contain good and bad features in fixed proportions. After 1990, Kornai and most Western commentators expected that as market integration and private property expand, China would eventually turn into a liberal democracy. Prior to the worldwide fall of communism, Kornai had three primary criteria to determine whether a country was socialist or capitalist; later he amended this with six secondary ones. The present paper introduces into this list an additional 11 criteria—i.e. 20 quantifiable metrics altogether. Kornai was among the very first to recognize that with President Xi Jinping taking charge, China made a U-turn. While capitalist elements remain strong, in the final analysis, the country is on its way back to where it was before 1978.
On the Stability of Parallel Flow in a Vertical Porous Layer with Annular Cross Section
Authors: Barletta A. , Celli M. , Rees D. A. S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe linear stability of buoyant parallel flow in a vertical porous layer with an annular cross section is investigated. The vertical cylindrical boundaries are kept at different uniform temperatures, and they are assumed to be impermeable. The emergence of linear instability by convection cells is excluded on the basis of a numerical solution of the linearised governing equations. This result extends to the annular geometry the well-known Gill’s theorem regarding the impossibility of convective instability in a vertical porous plane slab whose boundaries are impermeable and isothermal with different temperatures. The extension of Gill’s theorem to the annular domain is approached numerically by evaluating the growth rate of normal mode perturbations and showing that its sign is negative, which means asymptotic stability of the basic flow. A concurring argument supporting the absence of linear instability arises from the investigation of cases where the impermeability condition at the vertical boundaries is relaxed and a partial permeability is modelled through Robin boundary conditions for the pressure. With partially permeable boundaries, an instability emerges which takes the form of axisymmetric normal modes. Then, as the boundary permeability is reduced towards zero, the critical Rayleigh number becomes infinite.
Public debt and economic growth: panel data evidence for Asian countries
Authors: Asteriou Dimitrios , Pilbeam Keith , Pratiwi Cecilia Eny 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between public debt on both short and long-run economic growth, in a panel of selected Asian countries for the period of 1980–2012. We employ several econometrics methods: pooled mean group, mean group, dynamic fixed effects and also allow for common correlated effects. The impact of a change in public debt is also analysed using asymmetric panel ARDL method. Our results indicate that an increase in government debt is negatively associated with economic growth in both the short and long-run.
Assessing ventilation control strategies in underground parking garages
Authors: Faramarzi Afshin , Lee Jongki , Stephens Brent , Heidarinejad Mohammad 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEnclosed parking garages require mechanical ventilation fans to dilute concentrations of pollutants emitted from vehicles, which contributes to energy use and peak electricity demand. This study develops and applies a simulation framework combining multi-zone airflow and contaminant transport modeling, fan affinity laws, and realistic assumptions for vehicle traffic patterns and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions to improve our ability to predict the impacts of various ventilation control strategies on indoor air quality and fan energy use in parking garages. The simulation approach is validated using measured data from a parking garage case study and then applied to investigate fan energy use, peak power demand, and resulting CO concentrations for four different ventilation control strategies in a model underground parking garage under a variety of assumptions for model inputs. The four ventilation control strategies evaluated include one simplistic schedule (i.e., Always-On) and three demand-based strategies in which fan speed is a function of CO concentrations in the spaces, including Linear-Demand Control Ventilation (DCV), Standardized Variable Flow (SVF), and a simple On-Off strategy. The estimated annual average fan energy consumption was consistently lowest with the Linear-DCV strategy, resulting in average (± standard deviation) energy savings across all modeled scenarios of 843%±0.4%, 72.8%±3.6%, and 97.9%±0.1% compared to SVF, On-Off, and Always-On strategies, respectively. The utility of the framework described herein is that it can be used to model energy and indoor air quality impacts of other parking garage configurations and control scenarios.
Assessment of the MANTA closure device in transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a single-centre observational study
Authors: Halim J. , Missault L. , Lycke M. , Van der Heyden J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe present study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the MANTA vascular closure device (VCD) (Teleflex, Morrisville, NC, USA) in transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TF-TAVR).BackgroundTo close the femoral artery in TF-TAVR a VCD is the treatment of choice. Data involving suture-based VCDs have been extensive. Although scarce, results on the MANTA device are promising. There is no consensus yet as to whether the MANTA device is associated with fewer access-site-related vascular/bleeding complications when compared to suture-based VCDs.MethodsIn this prospective single-arm study, performed at a single centre, a total of 73 patients eligible for TF-TAVR were included and consecutively treated with the MANTA device.ResultsAccess-site-related vascular complications were seen in 13.7% of patients treated with the MANTA device. In this group of patients only minor vascular complications were observed. Access-site-related bleeding complications were rare (6.8%), and device failure was seen in 13.7% of the patients.ConclusionsThis single-centre study confirms that use of the MANTA device in TF-TAVR is feasible with an acceptable rate of access-site-related complications and no major vascular complications.
The beauty and the yeast: can the microalgae Dunaliella form a borderline lichen with Hortaea werneckii?
Authors: Muggia Lucia , Zalar Polona , Azua-Bustos Armando , González-Silva Carlos , Grube Martin , Gunde-Cimerman Nina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLichenized fungi usually develop complex, stratified morphologies through an intricately balanced living together with their algal partners, but several species are known to form only more or less loose associations with algae. These borderline lichens are still little explored although they could inform us about early stages of lichen evolution. We studied the association of the extremely halotolerant fungus Hortaea werneckii with the alga Dunaliella atacamensis, discovered in a cave in the Atacama Desert (Chile), and with D. salina, common inhabitant of saltern brines. D. atacamensis forms small colonies, in which cells of H. werneckii can be frequently observed, while such interaction has not been observed with D. salina. As symbiotic interactions between Dunaliella and Hortaea have not been reported, we performed a series of co-cultivation experiments to inspect whether these species could interact and develop more distinct lichen-like symbiotic structures. We set up co-cultures between axenic strains of Hortaea werneckii (isolated both from Mediterranean salterns and from the Atacama cave) and isolates of D. atacamensis (from the Atacama cave) and D. salina (isolated from Mediterranean salterns). Although we used different growth media and cultivation approaches, bright field and SEM microscopy analyses did not indicate any mutual effects in these experiments. We discuss the implications for fungal algal interactions along the transition from algal exploiters to lichen symbioses.
Depletion of coastal predatory fish sub-stocks coincided with the largest sea urchin grazing event observed in the NE Atlantic
Authors: Norderhaug Kjell Magnus , Nedreaas Kjell , Huserbråten Mats , Moland Even 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this contribution, we propose fishery driven predator release as the cause for the largest grazing event ever observed in the NE Atlantic. Based on the evolving appreciation of limits to population connectivity, published and previously unpublished data, we discuss whether overfishing caused a grazer bloom of the sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) resulting in overgrazing of more than 2000 km2 kelp (Laminaria hyperborea) forest along Norwegian and Russian coasts during the 1970 s. We show that coastal fisheries likely depleted predatory coastal fish stocks through modernization of fishing methods and fleet. These fish were important predators on urchins and the reduction coincided with the urchin bloom. From this circumstantial evidence, we hypothesize that coastal predatory fish were important in regulating sea urchins, and that a local population dynamics perspective is necessary in management of coastal ecosystems.
Derbid Planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Derbidae) Associated with Coconut and Oil Palm in Brazil
Authors: Dollet M , Fidelis E G , Dos Passos E , Da Silva F , Aberlenc H P , Schurt D A , Bahder B , Diniz L C , Bartlett C R 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe present surveys of derbid planthoppers associated with coconut (Cocos nuciferaL.) and oil palm (Elaeis guineensisJacq.) collected in Northeastern (Sergipe) and North (Pará and Roraima) Brazil. The surveys were intended to contribute to our knowledge of possible vectors of phytoplasmas or other phloem-restricted plant pathogens. Eight derbid taxa were found, two in the subfamily Cedusinae, tribe Cedusini (Cedusa yiparaKramer andC. yowzaKramer) and six in the subfamily Derbinae, tribe Cenchreini:Herpissp.,Persis pugnaxStål,Omolicna anastomosa(Caldwell),O. nigripennis(Caldwell), and two new species in the genusAgooBahder & Bartlett are described here. Genus-level features betweenOmolicnaandAgooare discussed and a key to the species ofAgoois provided.
Subtypes of Sport-Related Concussion: a Systematic Review and Meta-cluster Analysis
Authors: Langdon S. , Königs M. , Adang E. A. M. C. , Goedhart E. , Oosterlaan J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveCurrent clinical guidelines provide a unitary approach to manage sport-related concussion (SRC), while heterogeneity in the presentation of symptoms suggests that subtypes of SRC may exist. We systematically reviewed the available evidence on SRC subtypes and associated clinical outcomes.Data SourcesOvid Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and SPORTDiscusEligibility Criteria for Selecting StudiesElectronic databases were searched for studies: (i) identifying SRC symptom clusters using classification methodology; or (ii) associating symptom clusters to clinical outcome variables. A total of 6,146 unique studies were identified, of which 75 full texts were independently assessed by two authors for eligibility. A total of 22 articles were included for systematic review.Data ExtractionTwo independent authors performed data extraction and risk of bias analysis using the Cochrane Collaboration tool.Data SynthesisSix studies found evidence for existence of SRC symptom clusters. Combining the available literature through Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) provided evidence for the existence of amigrainecluster, acognitive–emotionalcluster, asleep–emotionalcluster, aneurologicalcluster, and anundefined feelingscluster. Nineteen studies found meaningful associations between SRC symptom clusters and clinical outcomes. Clusters mapping to themigrainecluster were most frequently reported in the literature and were most strongly related to aspects of clinical outcome.ConclusionsThe available literature provides evidence for the existence of at least five subtypes in SRC symptomatology, with clear relevance to clinical outcome. Systematically embedding the differentiation of SRC subtypes into prognosis, clinical management, and intervention strategies may optimize the recovery from SRC.
A Critical Review of the Support for Variability as an Operant Dimension
Authors: Nergaard Siv Kristin , Holth Per 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThere is abundant evidence that behavioral variability is more predominant when reinforcement is contingent on it than when it is not, and the interpretation of direct reinforcement of variability suggested by Page and Neuringer, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 11(3), 429–452 (1985) has been widely accepted. Even so, trying to identify the underlying mechanisms in the emergence of stochastic-like variability in a variability contingency is intricate. There are several challenges to characterizing variability as directly reinforced, most notably because reinforcement traditionally has been found to produce repetitive responding, but also because directly reinforced variability does not always relate to independent variables the same way as more commonly studied repetitive responding does. The challenging findings in variability experiments are discussed, along with alternative hypotheses on how variability contingencies may engender the high variability that they undeniably do. We suggest that the typical increase in behavioral variability that is often demonstrated when reinforcement is contingent on it may be better explained in terms of a dynamic interaction of reinforcement and extinction working on several specific responses rather than as directly reinforced.
Glucagon stimulation test to assess growth hormone status in Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Casamitjana L. , Giménez-Palop O. , Corripio R. , Pareja R. , Berlanga E. , Rigla M. , Oliva JC. , Caixàs A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeGrowth hormone deficiency (GHD) must be confirmed before starting treatment in adults with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Most studies use the growth-hormone-releasing hormone plus arginine (GHRH-arginine) test. No data are available on the glucagon stimulation test (GST) in PWS. We compared the utility of fixed-dose (1 mg) GST versus GHRH-arginine test in diagnosing GHD.MethodsAdults and late adolescents with PWS underwent both tests on separate days. In the GHRH-arginine test, GHD was defined according to body mass index. In the GST, two cutoffs were analyzed: peak GH concentration < 3 ng/mL and < 1 ng/mL. For analyses, patients were divided into two groups according to body weight (≤ 90 kg and > 90 kg).ResultsWe analyzed 34 patients: 22 weighing ≤ 90 kg and 12 weighing > 90 kg. In patients weighing ≤ 90 kg, the two tests were concordant in 16 (72.72%) patients (k = 0.476,p = 0.009 with GST cutoff < 3 ng/mL, andk = 0.450,p = 0.035 with GST cutoff < 1 ng/mL). In patients weighing > 90 kg, the two tests were not concordant with GST cutoff < 3 ng/mL, but were concordant in 11 (91.6%) patients (k = 0.833,p = 0.003) with GST cutoff < 1 ng/mL. GH peaks on the two tests correlated (r = 0.725,p = 0.008).ConclusionFixed-dose (1 mg) GST using a peak GH cutoff of < 3 ng/mL or < 1 ng/mL promises to be useful for screening for GHD in adults and late adolescents with PWS. However, in those weighing > 90 kg, the < 1 ng/mL cutoff seems better. Larger studies are necessary to establish definitive glucagon doses and cutoffs, especially in extremely obese patients.