bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discrepancies between MICS-Asia III simulation and observation for surface ozone in the marine atmosphere over the northwestern Pacific Asian Rim region
Authors: Akimoto Hajime , Nagashima Tatsuya , Kawano Natsumi , Jie Li , Fu Joshua S. , Wang Zifa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. In order to identify the causes of overestimate
of the surface-level O3 mixing ratio simulated by three regional
chemical-transport models, NAQPMS v.3 (abbreviated as NAQM in this paper),
CMAQ v.5.0.2, and CMAQ v.4.7.1, compared to the EANET observational data at
a marine remote site at Oki in July 2010, analyses of hourly O3 mixing ratios and net ozone production were made in the context of
MICS-Asia III. In addition to Oki, model-simulated and observational data
for two other EANET marine sites, Hedo and Ogasawara, were also examined.
Three factors, i.e., long-range transport from the continent, in situ photochemical formation, and dry deposition of O3 on seawater, have been identified as contributing to the overestimate by these regional models at
Oki. The calculated O3 mixing ratios during long-range transport from
the continent were much higher for all three models than those of the observation. In situ photochemical formation, demonstrated by a distinct diurnal variation which was not discerned in the observational data, was
seen in the simulated data of all three models and ascribed to the virtual transport of NOx from the southern urban areas of the main
island of Japan. The overestimate of the O3 mixing ratio in the background oceanic air mass has been discussed referring to dry deposition velocity (Vd) of O3 over oceanic water. Sensitivity analysis of the dry
deposition velocity to the concentration of O3 was made for Oki in
July. An increase in Vd from 0.0005 to 0.001 cm s−1 used in the standard runs for CMAQ by a factor of 10 decreases the O3 mixing ratio by more than 20 ppbv on an event basis in certain periods of time and by ca. 4.9 ppbv as a monthly mean in July. The dry deposition velocity of O3 in Bohai Bay and the Yellow Sea has been assumed to be comparable to that of the open
ocean in all three models, which could have resulted in the overestimate of O3 mixing ratios in this area and also in the long-range transport
of O3 from the continent to Oki. A higher value of dry deposition
velocity in this marine area is expected considering the higher content of
organics in the surface sea layer brought by rivers and atmospheric wet
deposition. Empirical measurements of the mixing ratios and dry deposition
flux of O3 in this area are highly recommended, since they would affect the simulated mixing ratios in the downwind region in the Pacific Rim region.
Economic impacts of a glacial period: a thought experiment to assess the disconnect between econometrics and climate sciences
Authors: Woillez Marie-Noëlle , Giraud Gaël , Godin Antoine 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Anthropogenic climate change raises growing concerns about its potential catastrophic impacts on both ecosystems and human societies. Yet, several studies on damage induced on the economy by unmitigated global warming have proposed a much less worrying picture of the future, with only a few points of decrease in the world gross domestic product (GDP) per capita by the end of the century, even for a global warming above 4 ∘C. We consider two different empirically estimated functions linking GDP growth or GDP level to temperature at the country level and apply them to a global cooling of 4 ∘C in 2100, corresponding to a return to glacial conditions. We show that the alleged impact on global average GDP per capita runs from −1.8 %, if temperature impacts GDP level, to +36 %, if the impact is rather on GDP growth. These results are then compared to the hypothetical environmental conditions faced by humanity, taking the Last Glacial Maximum as a reference. The modeled impacts on the world GDP appear strongly underestimated given the magnitude of climate and ecological changes recorded for that period. After discussing the weaknesses of the aggregated statistical approach to estimate economic damage, we conclude that, if these functions cannot reasonably be trusted for such a large cooling, they should not be considered to provide relevant information on potential damage in the case of a warming of similar magnitude, as projected in the case of unabated greenhouse gas emissions.
Identification and characterization of critical genes associated with tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Kai , Jiang Kuikui , Hong Ruoxi , Xu Fei , Xia Wen , Qin Ge , Lee Kaping , Zheng Qiufan , Lu Qianyi , Zhai Qinglian , Wang Shusen 
Published: December 2020

Background
Tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer is an unsolved problem in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to determine the potential mechanisms of tamoxifen resistance through bioinformatics analysis.

Methods
Gene expression profiles of tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7/TR and MCF-7 cells were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus dataset GSE26459, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected with R software. We conducted Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses using Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. A protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was generated, and we analyzed hub genes in the network with the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes database. Finally, we used siRNAs to silence the target genes and conducted the MTS assay.

Results
We identified 865 DEGs, 399 of which were upregulated. GO analysis indicated that most genes are related to telomere organization, extracellular exosomes, and binding-related items for protein heterodimerization. PPI network construction revealed that the top 10 hub genes—ACLY, HSPD1, PFAS, GART, TXN, HSPH1, HSPE1, IRAS, TRAP1, and ATIC—might be associated with tamoxifen resistance. Consistently, RT-qPCR analysis indicated that the expression of these 10 genes was increased in MCF-7/TR cells comparing with MCF-7 cells. Four hub genes (TXN, HSPD1, HSPH1 and ATIC) were related to overall survival in patients who accepted tamoxifen. In addition, knockdown of HSPH1 by siRNA may lead to reduced growth of MCF-7/TR cell with a trend close to significance (P = 0.07), indicating that upregulation of HSPH1 may play a role in tamoxifen resistance.

Conclusion
This study revealed a number of critical hub genes that might serve as therapeutic targets in breast cancer resistant to tamoxifen and provided potential directions for uncovering the mechanisms of tamoxifen resistance.
Alien pathogens and parasites impacting native freshwater fish of southern Australia: a scientific and historical review
Authors: Kaminskas Simon 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Native freshwater fish of Australia have a diverse but largely undescribed endemic pathogen and parasite fauna. However, due to long-shared evolutionary histories and virulence/transmissibility trade-offs, effects of these endemic pathogens and parasites appear to be subtle: significant impacts are rarely observed and epizootics have not been recorded. In contrast, a number of alien pathogens and parasites are now established across southern Australia, causing manifestly harmful effects to native fish species and known or suspected epizootics in native fish populations. Undetected and/or undescribed alien viral pathogens are also suspected of being present. Alien pathogens and parasites were introduced to Australia with imports of live alien fish or their fertilised eggs. A review of the scientific and historical evidence indicates that they have had, and continue to have, greater impacts on native fish species than previously realised—especially for freshwater species. This review also documents a previously unknown, Murray-Darling-Basin-wide epizootic of Murray cod Maccullochella peelii in 1929–30, which may have contributed to strong declines in the related eastern freshwater cod Maccullochella ikei. A serious Chilodonella epizootic of M. peelii in 1982 is also examined. In addition, a possible role for alien viruses of the family Iridoviridae (Ranavirus and Megalocytivirus) in the general decline of the critically endangered silver perch Bidyanus bidyanus, and the rapid collapse of two specific native fish populations—upper Murrumbidgee River B. bidyanus and Shoalhaven River Macquarie perch Macquaria australasica—is suggested. It is argued that the severity of the impact of the virulent alien oomycete Saprolegnia parasitica, both historical and present day, has been underestimated. Finally, action is recommended against emerging new pathogen and parasite threats, and the extreme risk current alien fish importations pose in introducing them. These will further threaten already stressed native fish populations in southern Australia, particularly across the Murray-Darling Basin.
A Critical Review of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) during Pregnancy & Risk of Vertical Transmission in the United States
Authors: Fatima Zebi 
Published: December 2020

Since December 2019, people around the world have been affected by a pandemic disease caused by a novel type of betacoronavirus. It can lead to severe contagious respiratory illness. The experts are concerned about the effects of this novel virus on both the mother and their fetuses. This review is to identify strategies for the obstetric management of women diagnosed with COVID-19 and the best neonatal care for their newborns.
We conducted a comprehensive literature search using PubMed, ELSEVIER and CDC web page and included the articles published from December 2019 through July 2020. Inclusion criteria were original articles published between December 2019 and July 2020 and Meta-Analysis, Reviews and, Systematic Reviews.
Regarding vertical transmission, several studies concluded that there is no evidence for intrauterine vertical transmission of COVID-19 from infected mothers to their babies. Pregnant women with COVID-19 might develop more severe respiratory complications. After delivery, women with COVID-19 can transmit the virus to their babies through respiratory droplets during breastfeeding or care, so experts recommend to adopt hygienic measures.
The current information shows that COVID-19 infection apparently is not associated with greater severity of the disease in pregnant women than in the general population. However, the data is minimal, and that represents a challenge for the obstetric care providers.
Total Imports and Its Components Influence on Inflation in Kenya
Authors: Kiganda Evans Ovamba , Omondi Margaret Atieno 
Published: December 2020

Aim: The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of total imports (TIMP) and its components of commercial imports (CIMP) and government imports (GIMP) on inflation in Kenya.
Study Design: Quantitative approach was employed to analyze the influence of imports on inflation in Kenya.
Methodology: Monthly time series data from Central Bank of Kenya for the period 2005 to 2018 was used for analysis involving correlation analysis, variance decomposition, impulse response and Granger causality tests.
Results: Results indicated that total imports and commercial imports had negative influence on inflation while government imports did not significantly influence inflation in Kenya. Unidirectional causality from total imports and commercial imports to inflation was noted while there was no causality between government imports and inflation.
Conclusion: The study concluded that imports influence inflation in Kenya but commercial imports highly determined total imports influence on inflation in Kenya.
The Role of Gender, Age and Religion in Explaining the Variations in Selected Sexual Experiences of University Teacher-Trainees in Uganda and Tanzania
Authors: Kobusingye Loyce Kiiza , Kibanja Grace Milly 
Published: December 2020

After a realisation that there are scanty studies conducted on university teachers trainees’ sexual experiences and how these experiences are shaped by gender, age and religion, this study set out to conduct survey on final/third year university teacher-trainees in two selected teacher training university colleges, one in Uganda and another in Tanzania, with the purpose of examining the role of gender, age and religion in explaining the variations in age of first sexual experience and number of both past and current sexual partners among the university teacher-trainees. The purely quantitative study was conducted on a population of 557 teacher-trainees who were selected that the students studied were drawn from a sample taken from a population using systematic random sampling. The teacher-trainees were final/third year students at both Makerere University’s College of Education and External Studies (MUK) and University of Dar es Salaam’s Constituent College of Education known as Dar es Salaam University College of Education (UDSM).
The observed scores and resultant variations revealed that the variation in age of first sexual experience among male and female and male teacher trainees was non-significant while the variation in number of both past and current sexual partners among the two genders was significant. The variation in age of first sexual experience among the age groups was significant while the variation in number of both past and current sexual partners among the existing age groups was non-significant. The variation in age of first sexual experience, number of past and current sexual partners among the existing religions was non-significant all through. Basing on these findings therefore, it is recommended that sex education and policies be introduced in high institutions of learning while stressing education on contraception and messages about sex. Religious leaders too should participate in teaching against behaviours that lead to consequences of early sex debut and existence of concurrent multiple sexual partners among young people.
Nurses Experiences and Challenges during COVID 19: Mixed Method Approach
Authors: Alshmemri Mohammed S. , Ramaiah Pushpamala 
Published: December 2020

Background: World health organization announced COVID-19 as a pandemic crisis in march 2020. As of WHO statistics 2020 September, the incidence appears to be accelerating globally, with the soaring of new cases since the last one week. Even though worldwide incidence and further deaths have decreased in recent weeks across a few nations, the panic situation has caused unprecedented stress among frontline healthcare workers. Nurses fall into the category of full-blown anxiety responses syndrome to undergo burnout post-traumatic stress disorder.
Purpose: This research aimed to explore the perceptions of frontline healthcare workers (Nurses)’ and their opinion about healthcare resources while caring for COVID-19 patients.
Methodology: The study adopted a mixed-method where the quantitative data collected using a google document questionnaire related to healthcare resources followed by a qualitative method of online individual interview method to explore the in-depth analysis of nurses’ perceptions of caring for coronaviruses infected patients.
Results: The results revealed the nurses’ concerns about the everyday routine of delivering care to COVID-19 patients, including a moderate level of resilience in healthcare resources authorities. The barriers faced by nurses in the journey of a pandemic crisis were also discussed in this study that could also render substantial support in establishing policies and guidelines to meet the needed population’s healthcare needs.
Conclusions: Health care workers, including nurses, tend to experience work-related stress that could be alleviated by the appropriate staffing, equipment and supplies, training programs, and staff welfare programs.
Effectiveness of Sofosbuvir Combined with Direct Acting Antivirals in Hepatitis C Patients in a Tertiary Teaching Hospital in Qatar: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Adawi Rana Moustafa Al , Jassim Zainab , Elgaily Dina Eltayeb , Imanullah Rizwan , Ibrahim Mohamed Izham Mohamed 
Published: December 2020

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The effectiveness of sofosbuvir, as a new direct-acting antiviral (DAA) for chronic HCV infection, needs to be assessed and evaluated among patients with or without cirrhosis with all HCV genotypes.
Aims: This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of chronic HCV treatment as part of a combination therapy for all HCV genotypes in patients with or without cirrhosis.
Study Design: A retrospective observational study.
Methodology: All patients who received sofosbuvir treatment from the Pharmacy Department of Hamad General Hospital during a 12-month period (between 2014 and 2015) were included. Patients were observed up to 12 weeks after treatment course completion. Data were analyzed descriptively and compared using a paired t-test (alpha=0.05).
Results: A total of 95 patients received sofosbuvir. All of these patients received sofosbuvir in combination with other antiviral medications. All HCV genotypes were included; 1a and 4 were the most dominant genotypes (37% and 30.5%, respectively). Half of the patients were treatment naïve. All patients achieved undetectable virus ribonucleic acid (RNA) starting from week 4 of the treatment. A sustained virological response at 12 weeks (SVR12) after completion of the treatment period was maintained in 95% of patients. Relapse was mostly observed in patients with genotype 1a (40%); no patients with HCV genotype 3 exhibited relapse.
Conclusion: The SVR12 after sofosbuvir treatment was maintained in most patients, regardless of genotype, HCV complications HCV or co-administered drugs.
A structural model of the PriB–DnaT complex in Escherichia coli replication restart
Authors: Abe Yoshito , Ikeda Yohei , Fujiyama Saki , Kini R. Manjunatha , Ueda Tadashi 
Published: December 2020

In Escherichia coli, DNA replication is restarted following DNA repair by the PriA‐dependent pathway, in which the binding and dissociation of proteins such as PriA, PriB, and DnaT on ssDNA lead to the formation of a protein–DNA complex for recruiting the DnaB–DnaC replication protein complex. However, the structure of the PriB–DnaT complex, which is an essential step in the PriA‐dependent pathway, remains elusive. In this study, the importance of His26 in PriB for replication restart was reconfirmed using plasmid complementation. Furthermore, we used NMR to examine the DnaT interaction sites on PriB. We also evaluated the PriB–DnaT peptide complex model, which was prepared by in silico docking, using molecular dynamic simulation. From these data, we propose a structural model that provides insight into the PriB–DnaT interaction.
230 days of ultra long‐term subcutaneous EEG: seizure cycle analysis and comparison to patient diary
Authors: Viana Pedro F. , Duun‐Henriksen Jonas , Glasstëter Martin , Dümpelmann Matthias , Nurse Ewan S. , Martins Isabel P. , Dumanis Sonya B. , Schulze‐Bonhage Andreas , Freestone Dean R. , Brinkmann Benjamin H. , Richardson Mark P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe describe the longest period of subcutaneous EEG (sqEEG) monitoring to date, in a 35‐year‐old female with refractory epilepsy. Over 230 days, 4791/5520 h of sqEEG were recorded (86%, mean 20.8 [IQR 3.9] hours/day). Using an electronic diary, the patient reported 22 seizures, while automatically‐assisted visual sqEEG review detected 32 seizures. There was substantial agreement between days of reported and recorded seizures (Cohen’s kappa 0.664), although multiple clustered seizures remained undocumented. Circular statistics identified significant sqEEG seizure cycles at circadian (24‐hour) and multidien (5‐day) timescales. Electrographic seizure monitoring and analysis of long‐term seizure cycles are possible with this neurophysiological tool.
Nanostructured Metal Sulfides: Classification, Modification Strategy, and Solar‐Driven CO2 Reduction Application
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Lin Sen , Tian Na , Ma Tianyi , Zhang Yihe , Huang Hongwei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSolar‐driven conversion of CO2 into high value‐added fuels is expected to be an environmental‐friendly and sustainable approach for relieving the greenhouse gas effect and countering energy crisis. Metal sulfide semiconductors with wide photoresponsive range and favorable band structures are suitable photocatalysts for CO2 photoreduction. This review summarizes the recent progress on metal sulfide semiconductors for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. First, the fundamentals, mechanisms and some principles, like product selectivity, of photocatalytic CO2 reduction are introduced. Then, according to the elemental composition, the metal sulfide photocatalysts applied for CO2 reduction are classified into binary (CdS, ZnS, MoS2, SnS2, Bi2S3, In2S3,Cu2S, NiS/NiS2, and CoS2), ternary (ZnIn2S4, CdIn2S4, CuInS2, Cu3SnS4, and CuGaS2), and quaternary (Cu2ZnSnS4) systems, in which their crystal structures, photochemical characteristics, and photocatalytic CO2 reduction applications are systematically demonstrated. Especially, the diverse modification strategies for improving the activity and product selectivity of photocatalytic CO2 reduction on these metal sulfides are summarized. Finally, the current challenges and future directions for the development of metal sulfide photocatalysts for CO2 reduction are proposed. This review is expected to serve as a powerful reference for exploiting high‐efficiency metal sulfide photocatalysts for CO2 conversion and furthering related mechanism understanding.
Efficient Visible‐Light Driven Photothermal Conversion of CO2 to Methane by Nickel Nanoparticles Supported on Barium Titanate
Authors: Mateo Diego , Morlanes Natalia , Maity Partha , Shterk Genrikh , Mohammed Omar F. , Gascon Jorge 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSolar‐driven methanation represents a potentially cost‐efficient and environmentally friendly route for the direct hydrogenation of CO2. Recently, photothermal catalysis, which involves the combination of both photochemical and thermochemical pathways, has emerged as a promising strategy for the production of solar fuels. For a photothermal catalyst to efficiently convert CO2 under illumination, in the absence of external heating, effective light harvesting, an excellent photothermal conversion and efficient active sites are required. Here, a new composite catalyst consisting of Ni nanoparticles supported on barium titanate that, under optimal reaction conditions, is able to hydrogenate CO2 to CH4 at nearly 100% selectivity with production rates as high as 103.7 mmol g–1 h–1 under both UV–visible and visible irradiation (production rate: 40.3 mmol g−1 h–1) is reported. Mechanistic studies suggest that reaction mostly proceeds through a nonthermal hot‐electron‐driven pathway, with a smaller thermal contribution.
Drug Delivery across Barriers to the Middle and Inner Ear
Authors: Zhang Zipei , Li Xiyu , Zhang Wei , Kohane Daniel S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe prevalence of ear disorders has spurred efforts to develop drug delivery systems to treat these conditions. Here, recent advances in drug delivery systems that access the ear through the tympanic membrane (TM) are reviewed. Such methods are either non‐invasive (placed on the surface of the TM), or invasive (placed in the middle ear, ideally on the round window [RW]). The major hurdles to otic drug delivery are identified and highlighted the representative examples of drug delivery systems used for drug delivery across the TM to the middle and (crossing the RW also) inner ear.