bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Platypus quercivorusambrosia beetles use leaf volatiles in host selection
Authors: Pham Duy Long , Ito Yasuto , Okada Ryuichi , Ikeno Hidetoshi , Kazama Haruna , Mori Naoki , Yamasaki Michimasa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlthough chemical volatiles emitted from host and non‐host trees have been suggested as important cues for bark and ambrosia beetles, their responses to leaf volatiles is poorly understood. The oak ambrosia beetle,Platypus quercivorus(Murayama) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a vector for the fungus that causes Japanese oak wilt. Using a Y‐tube olfactometer, we tested the behavioral response ofP. quercivorusto leaf volatiles emitted from four host trees –Quercus crispulaBlume,Quercus serrataMurray,Quercus salicinaBlume, andCastanea crenataSieb. & Zucc. (all Fagaceae) – and two non‐host trees,Fagus crenataBlume (Fagaceae) andCryptomeria japonicaD. Don (Cupressaceae). A flight mill was used to evaluate the effect of flight on the behavioral response to leaf volatiles. The bioassays were repeated 10× before and 10× after flight in the flight mill for each of the 54 individual beetles. Leaf volatile components were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The bioassay results supported our hypothesis:P. quercivoruswas attracted by the leaf volatiles of hosts and was deterred by the leaf volatiles of non‐hosts. The behavioral response ofP. quercivorusto the leaf volatiles was stronger after flight. Males had a stronger behavioral response than females to leaf volatiles. The leaf volatile chemical profile of the non‐hostC. japonicadiffered from the profile of the host plants. However, the chemical profile of the non‐hostF. crenatawas similar to the profile of the hosts. Our findings provide insight into the functions of leaf chemical volatiles in the interaction ofP. quercivoruswith its hosts and non‐hosts and may help improve the control ofP. quercivorusand Japanese oak wilt.
Host quality does not matter to native or invasive cactus moth larvae: grave implications for North American prickly pears
Authors: Morrison Colin R. , Plowes Robert M. , Jones Nathan T. , Gilbert Lawrence E. 
Published: October 2020

1. Relationships between prickly pear cactus (Cactaceae:Opuntia) and specialist moth larvae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) are exemplar of exclusive interactions between herbivorous insects and host plants.2. We measured nutritional and defensive factors indicative ofOpuntiaquality to native and invasive host‐specialised moth larvae. Our goals were to investigate whether host qualities varied among and withinOpuntiaspecies, use that information to test whether host quality axes predicted occupancy by larvae in two focalO. engelmanniipopulations, and draw conclusions about whether these herbivores were resource limited.3. There were minimal differences in protein, carbohydrate, fatty acid, fibre, water, and cuticular thickness, among fourOpuntiaspecies distributed throughout Texas. Macronutrient content did not differ between most species. Mucilage exudation was an induced response to herbivory. Field experiments compared pairs ofO. engelmanniiin which one individual hosted nativeMelitara doddalisor invasiveCactoblastis cactorumlarvae, and the other did not; host quality and nutritional space did not predict herbivore occupancy. Moreover, ordination of host quality traits did not reveal spatial aggregation of cacti with and without herbivores.4. These results demonstrated that neither moth species was resource limited. An overall lack of variation among and within TexasOpuntiaindicate that these species were suitable resources to invasiveC. cactorumthat recently established in Texas.5. Outcomes of this study have serious implications forOpuntia, native moths, and associated food webs, that will soon interact with an expandingC. cactorumpopulation as it spreads inland from the Texas Gulf Coast.
Biological fluid levels of iron and iron‐related proteins in Parkinson’s disease: Review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jiménez‐Jiménez Félix Javier , Alonso‐Navarro Hortensia , García‐Martín Elena , Agúndez José A. G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and purposeSeveral studies suggested a role or iron in the pathogenesis or Parkinson's disease (PD), and substantia nigra iron concentrarions have been found increased in PD. However, the results on cerebrospinal (CSF) and serum/plasma iron levels in PD patients have been controversial. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to establish the CSF and serum/plasma levels of iron and iron‐related proteins (ferritin, transferrin, lactoferrin, haptoglobin, and hepcidine) levels, and the urine levels of iron, in patients with PD.MethodsFour databases (PubMed, EMBASE, MedLine, and Web of Science – Core Collection) were reviewed for studies published from 1966 to October 5, 2020. References of interest were identified. A meta‐analysis of eligible studies was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses (PRISMA) and Meta‐analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines, using the R software package meta.ResultsA non‐significant trend towards higher CSF iron levels and marginally significantly lower serum/plasma iron levels was observed in patients with PD compared with age‐ and sex‐matched controls. CSF and serum/plasma ferritin and transferrin concentrations, and serum/plasma lactoferrin and haptoglobin concentrations did not differ significantly between PD patients and controls.ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest an association between decreased serum/plasma iron levels and, possibly, higher CSF iron levels with risk of PD.
Social deprivation and 1‐year survival after stroke: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Béjot Yannick , Bourredjem Abderrahmane , Mimeau Emmanuelle , Joux Julien , Lannuzel Annie , Misslin‐Tritsch Caroline , Bonithon‐Kopp Claire , Rochemont Devi , Nacher Mathieu , Cabie André , Lalanne Mistrih Marie‐Laure , Fournel Isabelle ,   the INDIA Study Group
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundSocial deprivation may have a deleterious influence on post‐stroke outcomes, but available data in the literature are mixed.AimThe aim of this cohort study was to evaluate the impact of social deprivation on 1‐year survival in patients with first‐ever stroke.MethodsSocial deprivation was assessed at individual level with the EPICES score, a validated multidimensional questionnaire, in 1312 patients with ischemic stroke and 228 patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, who were prospectively enrolled in six French study centers. Baseline characteristics including stroke severity and pre‐stroke functional status were collected. Multivariable Cox models were generated to evaluate the associations between social deprivation and survival at 12 months in ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage separately.ResultsA total of 819 patients (53.2%) were socially deprived (EPICES score ≥ 30.17). In ischemic stroke, mortality at 12 months was higher in deprived than in non‐deprived patients (16% vs. 11%, p = 0.006). In multivariable analyses, there was no association between deprivation and death occurring within the first 90 days following ischemic stroke (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.81, 95% CI 0.54–1.22, p = 0.32). In contrast, an excess in mortality was observed between 90 days and 12 months in deprived compared with non‐deprived patients (aHR 1.97, 95% CI 1.14–3.42, p = 0.016). In patients with intracerebral hemorrhage, mortality at 12 months did not significantly differ according to deprivation status.ConclusionsSocial deprivation was associated with delayed mortality in ischemic stroke patients only and, although the exact underlying mechanisms are still to be identified, our findings suggest that deprived patients in particular may benefit from an optimization of post‐stroke care.
Characteristics and treatment outcomes of newly diagnosed epilepsy in older people: A 30‐year longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Alsfouk Bshra Ali A. , Hakeem Haris , Chen Zhibin , Walters Matthew , Brodie Martin J. , Kwan Patrick 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the clinical characteristics and evaluate the long‐term treatment outcomes in older people with newly diagnosed epilepsy over the past 30 years.MethodsWe included patients newly diagnosed with epilepsy and commenced on antiseizure medications (ASMs) at age 65 years or older between July 1982 and October 2012 at the Western infirmary in Glasgow, Scotland. They were followed up until April 2016 or death. Seizure freedom was defined as no seizure for at least 1 year on unchanged medication at the last follow‐up.ResultsA total of 201 patients (median age 73 years, 59% male) were included. The median duration from initial seizure to starting treatment was 8 months (interquartile range: 3.0‐24.0 months); 42.2% (85/201) patients had more than five seizures before commencing treatment. Brain imaging showed potentially epileptogenic lesions in 19.7% (38/193) of patients and other abnormalities in 56.5% (109/193); 78.6% patients (158/201) were seizure‐free at the last follow‐up, of whom 94.9% were taking monotherapy. Concomitant aspirin use (n = 80) was associated with a lower probability of being seizure‐free (relative risk 0.82, 95% confidence interval 0.70‐0.97; P = .02). The use of second‐generation ASMs as the initial monotherapy increased from 31.5% (23/73) before 2000 to 70.3% (90/128, P < .001) from 2000 onward. However, the seizure freedom rates (67.1% vs 55.5%; P = .35) and intolerable adverse‐effect rates (16.4% vs 19.5%; P = .45) did not show any significant difference.SignificanceThere was often a long interval between seizure onset and the initiation of treatment in older people with new‐onset epilepsy, although the majority responded well to ASM treatment. Brain imaging showed a high rate of abnormalities. Despite the increased use of second‐generation ASMs, treatment outcomes in later‐onset epilepsy have not improved over time. The possible effect of aspirin on treatment response warrants further investigation.
Generalized, focal, and combined epilepsies in families: New evidence for distinct genetic factors
Authors: Ellis Colin A. , Ottman Ruth , Epstein Michael P. , Berkovic Samuel F. ,   Epi4K Consortium
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the roles of shared and distinct genetic influences on generalized and focal epilepsy operating in individuals who manifest features of both types (combined epilepsies), and in families manifesting both generalized and focal epilepsies in separate individuals (mixed families).MethodsWe analyzed the deeply phenotyped Epi4K cohort of multiplex families (≥3 affected individuals per family) using methods that quantify the aggregation of phenotypes within families and the relatedness of individuals with different phenotypes within family pedigrees.ResultsThe cohort included 281 families containing 1021 individuals with generalized (n = 484), focal (304), combined (51), or unclassified (182) epilepsies. The odds of combined epilepsy was higher in relatives of participants with combined epilepsy than in relatives of those with other epilepsy types (odds ratio [OR] 5.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7‐16.1, P = .004). Individuals with combined epilepsy co‐occurred in families more often than expected by chance (P = .03). Within mixed families, individuals with each type of epilepsy were more closely related to relatives with the same type than to relatives with other types (P < .001).SignificanceThese findings suggest that distinct genetic influences underlie the recently recognized entity of combined epilepsies, just as generalized epilepsies and focal epilepsies each have distinct genetic influences. Mixed families may in part reflect chance co‐occurrence of these distinct genetic influences. These conclusions have important implications for molecular genetic studies aimed at identifying genetic determinants of the epilepsies.
Interspecific hybrids show a reduced adaptive potential under DNA damaging conditions
Authors: Bautista Carla , Marsit Souhir , Landry Christian R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHybridization may increase the probability of adaptation to extreme stresses. This advantage could be caused by an increased genome plasticity in hybrids, which could accelerate the search for adaptive mutations. High ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a particular challenge in terms of adaptation because it affects the viability of organisms by directly damaging DNA, while also challenging future generations by increasing mutation rate. Here we test whether hybridization accelerates adaptive evolution in response to DNA damage, using yeast as a model. We exposed 180 populations of hybrids between species (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces paradoxus) and their parental strains to UV mimetic and control conditions for approximately 100 generations. Although we found that adaptation occurs in both hybrids and parents, hybrids achieved a lower rate of adaptation, contrary to our expectations. Adaptation to DNA damage conditions comes with a large and similar cost for parents and hybrids, suggesting that this cost is not responsible for the lower adaptability of hybrids. We suggest that the lower adaptive potential of hybrids in this condition may result from the interaction between DNA damage and the inherent genetic instability of hybrids.
Variation in GPS and accelerometer recorded velocity and stride parameters of galloping Thoroughbred horses
Authors: Morrice‐West Ashleigh V. , Hitchens Peta L. , Walmsley Elizabeth A. , Stevenson Mark A. , Wong Adelene S. M. , Whitton R. Chris 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundWith each stride, galloping horses generate large skeletal loads which influence bone physiology, and may contribute to musculoskeletal injury. Horse speed and stride characteristics are related, but the usefulness of using horse speed and distance travelled as a proxy for stride characteristics is unknown.ObjectivesWe aimed to determine stride characteristics, their variance and their relationship with speed in horses performing maximally.Study designRetrospective cross‐sectional analysis of archived data.MethodsStride characteristics obtained using GPS and inertial sensors in Thoroughbred horses were retrieved. Data per 200 m race segment (‘sectionals’) for horses competing in races (N = 25,259 race starts) were analysed to determine if speed predicted stride parameters. Multivariable mixed‐effects linear regression models were fitted.ResultsMean (±SD) stride length, stride count (number of strides per 200 m), duration and speed were 7.08 ± 0.39 m, 28.32 ± 1.56 strides/200 m, 0.43 ± 0.02 s/stride and 16.63 ± 1.04 m/s across all sectionals and starts. Speed and stride length decreased, and stride count increased with race progression (P < 0.001). Male sex, greater race distance, better finishing position and firmer track surfaces were associated with less strides per 200 m and longer stride durations.Main limitationsLack of an independent party validation of the measurement system used in this study.ConclusionsThere was a substantial inter‐horse variation in stride parameters, with speed predicting half or less of this variation. Speed alone does not fully explain stride characteristics in horses. Future studies aimed at investigating the impact of gait on bone biology and pathology would benefit from accounting for stride characteristics (eg length and duration).
Amiodarone and Parkinsonism: a pharmacovigilance study
Authors: Montastruc Jean‐Louis , Durrieu Geneviève 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundSome case reports have described parkinsonism with amiodarone. We investigated a putative association between parkinsonism and exposure to amiodarone.MethodsWe used the WHO pharmacovigilance database (VigiBase®). All adverse drug reactions with ‘Parkinson‐like events’ and amiodarone were included. Four disproportionality analyses were performed: 1/after inclusion of all reports, 2/according to sex, 3/for the twenty last years (2000–2019), and 4/after exclusion of concomitant drugs known to induce parkinsonism (antipsychotic, antivertigo, antiemetic antinauseant drugs, flunarizine). Results are expressed as reporting odds ratios (ROR; 95% CI) and information component (IC).ResultsNo significant association was found in the whole population [ROR = 0.83 (0.65–1.06), IC = −0.7 (IC025 = −0.65)], in men, in women, for the 2000–2019 years, or after exclusion of drugs inducing parkinsonism.ConclusionWe failed to find any signal of parkinsonism with amiodarone. We suggest that reports of parkinsonism with amiodarone could be mainly explained by other underlying causes.
Dyskalemia: a management problem for students
Authors: Senninger Lisa , Abensur Vuillaume Laure , Frimat Luc , Girerd Nicolas , Lamiral Zohra , Rossignol Patrick , Boivin Jean‐Marc 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough dyskalemia is common, its management can be problematic for students and general practitioners, especially when it occurs in patients with heart and renal failure. The basic academic knowledge of general medicine students, who have often not yet encountered clinical situations of dyskalemia, remains unclear in this regard.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and reflexive practices of general medicine students in regard to dyskalemia.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey, based on a self‐questionnaire, of all of the students enrolled in general medicine studies at the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Nancy (France) at the end of their degree. The students were asked questions pertaining to specific clinical situations. The answers were compared to the information provided in the medical curriculum as well as to the relevant European guidelines.ResultsWe collected 290 of the questionnaires (participation rate: 81.2%). The hyper‐ and hypokalemia thresholds considered pathological (3.5–5.0 mmol/L) were known by 78% and 67% of the students, respectively. The perception of danger in case of severe hypokalemia was underestimated by 62.7% of them. In most cases, the proposed management of hyperkalemia in heart and renal failure did not comply with the relevant guidelines. The students tended to favor permanent discontinuation of the administration of converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE) and/or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) without considering the need for their reintroduction (51.6%). Sodium polystyrene sulfate was frequently seen as an appropriate first‐line treatment for hyperkalemia (45%).ConclusionsThe knowledge and competence of general medicine students appear to be lacking for hyperkalemia in heart and renal failure, and they are long way from full compliance with the relevant European guidelines. Exposure to complex clinical situations as part of the medical curriculum, therefore, seems essential to improve the way dyskalemia is managed in France.
Proteomic characteristics of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in critical COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Zeng Hao‐Long , Chen Di , Yan Jingjun , Yang Qing , Han Qiang‐Qiang , Li Shu‐Sheng , Cheng Liming 
Published: October 2020

Up to 10–20% of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) develop a severe pulmonary disease due to immune dysfunction and cytokine dysregulation. However, the extracellular proteomic characteristics in respiratory tract of these critical COVID‐19 patients still remain to be investigated. In the present study, we performed a quantitative proteomic analysis of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with critical COVID‐19 and from non‐COVID‐19 controls. Our study identified 358 differentially expressed BALF proteins (P < 0.05), among which 41 were significantly changed after using the Benjamini–Hochberg correction (q < 0.05). The up‐regulated signaling was found to be mainly involved in inflammatory signaling and response to oxidative stress. A series of increased extracellular factors including Tenascin‐C (TNC), Mucin‐1 (KL‐6 or MUC1), Lipocalin‐2 (LCN2), periostin (POSTN), Chitinase 3‐like 1 (CHI3L1 or YKL40), and S100A12, and the antigens including lymphocyte antigen 6D/E48 antigen (LY6D), CD9 antigen, CD177 antigen, and prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) were identified, among which the proinflammatory factors TNC and KL‐6 were further validated in serum of another thirty‐nine COVID‐19 patients and healthy controls, showing high potentials of being biomarkers or therapeutic candidates for COVID‐19. This BALF proteome associated with COVID‐19 would also be a valuable resource for researches on anti‐inflammatory medication and understanding the molecular mechanisms of host response.DatabaseProteomic raw data are available in ProteomeXchange (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org) under the accession number PXD022085, and in iProX (www.iprox.org) under the accession number IPX0002429000.
The broad impacts of corn stover and wheat straw removal for biofuel production on crop productivity, soil health and greenhouse gas emissions: A review
Authors: Battaglia Martín , Thomason Wade , Fike John H. , Evanylo Gregory K. , von Cossel Moritz , Babur Emre , Iqbal Yasir , Diatta Andre A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBiofuel production from crop residues is widely recognized as an essential component of developing a bioeconomy, but the removal of crop residues still raises many questions about the sustainability of the cropping system. Therefore, this study reviews the sustainability effects of crop residues removal for biofuel production in terms of crop production, soil health and greenhouse gas emissions. Most studies found little evidence that residue management had long‐term impacts on grain yield unless the available water is limited. In years when water was not limiting, corn and wheat removal rates ≥90% produced similar or greater grain yield than no removal in most studies. Conversely, when water was limiting, corn grain yield decreased up to 21% with stover removal ≥90% in some studies. Changes in soil organic fractions and nutrients depended largely on the amount of residue returned, soil depth and texture, slope and tillage. Reductions in organic fractions occurred primarily with complete stover removal, in the top 15–30 cm in fine‐textured soils. Soil erosion, water runoff and leaching of nutrients such as total nitrogen (N) and extractable soil potassium decreased when no more than 30% of crop residues were removed. Stover management effects on soil bulk density varied considerably depending on soil layer, and residue and tillage management, with removal rates of less than 50% helping to maintain the soil aggregate stability. Reductions in CO2 and N2O fluxes typically occurred following complete residue removal. The use of wheat straw typically increased CH4 emissions, and above or equal to 8 Mg/ha wheat straw led to the largest CO2 and N2O emissions, regardless of N rates. Before using crop residues for biofuel production, it should therefore always be checked whether neutral to positive sustainability effects can be maintained under the site‐specific conditions.