bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disease-Modifying Therapies During the COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Thakolwiboon Smathorn , Zhao-Fleming Hannah , Pan Jie , Scott Jordan Knecht , Shoji Eri , Sohn Gyeongmo , Avila Mirla 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background:
Managing multiple sclerosis (MS) during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a challenge due to the lack of evidence from clinical studies. Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) may affect the immune response and subsequently alter the risk of COVID-19 infections.

Methods:
A literature search was conducted on the MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases. A focused Google search was also performed. Recommendations regarding the use of DMTs during the COVID-19 outbreak from national and international MS/neurology societies were identified and reviewed.

Results:
The review included 16 recommendations from international and national MS organizations. All recommendations are based on expert opinions. The recommendations regarding DMT initiation and management during this outbreak are summarized. Moreover, the experts’ views about the risk of COVID-19 infection with each DMT are discussed.

Conclusions:
There is significant agreement among most experts’ recommendations from a variety of sources based on collective clinical experience. However, the recommendations will likely evolve because sufficient clinical data are limited. Several ongoing registries will help provide information for future recommendations.
Pregnant Women’s Experience During Antenatal Care in Private Clinic Maternity Nursing
Authors: Fujiana Fitri , Setyowati Setyowati , Rachmawati Imami Nur 
Published: May 2020

Maternity nurses are authorized health workers that provide antenatal care, but their roles and function in antenatal care services are not recognized by the public. This research aims to reveal the experience of pregnant women during antenatal visits in private clinic maternity nursing. Six pregnant women selected using purposive sampling underwent an in-depth interview in this descriptive phenomenological study. Data were analyzed through thematic content analysis with Moustakas approach. Three themes were identified in this study: 1) women experience good communication with maternity nurses; 2) women receive family-centered nursing care; 3) the schedule, cost, facility, and types of service meet the participants’ needs. This study suggests for nurses to improve their competencies in delivering antenatal care according to clients’ needs. AbstrakPengalaman Kehamilan Wanita Selama Masa Perawatan Antenatal di Klinik Mandiri Keperawatan Maternitas. Perawat spesialis maternitas adalah petugas kesehatan berwenang yang menyediakan perawatan antenatal, tetapi peran dan fungsinya dalam layanan perawatan antenatal belum dikenal oleh masyarkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan pengalaman ibu hamil selama kunjungan antenatal di klinik mandiri keperawatan maternitas. Enam ibu hamil yang dipilih menggunakan purposive sampling menjalani wawancara mendalam dalam studi fenomenologis deskriptif ini. Data dianalisis melalui tematik konten analisis dengan pendekatan Moustakas. Tiga tema diidentifikasi dalam penelitian ini: 1) ibu hamil mengalami komunikasi yang baik dengan perawat maternitas; 2) wanita menerima asuhan keperawatan yang berpusat pada keluarga; 3) jadwal, biaya, fasilitas, dan jenis pelayanan sesuai keinginan ibu hamil. Studi ini menyarankan bagi perawat untuk meningkatkan kompetensi mereka dalam memberikan pelayanan antenatal sesuai dengan kebutuhan klien.Kata Kunci: antenatal care, ibu hamil, perawat maternitas
Relationship between External Morphology and Gonads in Rainbow Lizard (Agama agama) in Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Authors: Bamidele A. O. , Mayor E. O. 
Published: May 2020

Background of the Study: The morphology of any reptile may be affected by different environmental factors such as climate change and habitat related features such as availability of food and other resources.
Objective: This study aimed at determining the morphology and sexual variation of Rainbow male and female lizards (Agama.agama) in Obafemi Awolowo University.
Study Design: Three locations in the University were selected (Student Hostels, Academic Area and Staff Quarters) and rainbow lizards were sampled from June to December 2019.
Results: A total of 93 lizards were sampled, body parameters were measured, and the gonads were weighed after dissection. There was a positive correlation (0.98 & 0.78) between the body weight and gonad weight of the male and female lizards in all the three locations. Also, the specimen from the academic area of the University had the least body and gonad weight, while the samples caught in the staff quarters had the highest body and gonad weight. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed a relationship in the body and gonad weight with few differences from samples captured in the academic area.
Conclusion: In summary, external morphology of the rainbow lizards from all the three locations were similar with little difference in body weight. There was a positive relationship between external morphology and gonads of rainbow lizards.
Microbial Features and Qualitative Detection of Adulteration along with Physicochemical Characteristics of Sweetened Yoghurt
Authors: Rahman Md. Ashikur , Hossain Arzina , Islam Mahfuza , Hussain Md. Shakhwat , Huque Roksana 
Published: May 2020

Background and Objective: Food adulteration is of major public health concern worldwide. The food safety situation in Bangladesh is at an alarming stage due to food adulteration, microbiological contamination and fraudulence. Consumption of milk and milk product are increasing because of their health benefit effect. However, milk and milk products are being currently adulterated by substituting ingredients with cheaper materials. The aim of this study was the qualitative detection of adulterants along with physico-chemical and microbial features of sweetened yoghurt.
Methodology: Sixteen sweetened yoghurt samples (Ten locally available and six commercial brands) were collected from different area in Bangladesh. All the sweetened yoghurt samples were subjected to urea, starch, ammonium sulphate, hydrogen peroxide analyses. Physico-chemical analysis of sweetened yoghurt was also done. Moreover, yoghurt samples were also microbiologically assessed.
Results: Acidity content of all sweetened yoghurt was found to be ranges from 0.66 ±.05% to 0.77±0.05 which was lower than the standard level of (0.8 to1.2). In both cases (Commercial) branded and (Local) unbranded yoghurt had lower moisture content and higher total solid content compared to standard level (13.5%). Those measurements indicated that sweetened yoghurt samples were adulterated with starch. Meanwhile, both branded and unbranded sweetened yoghurt samples had fat contents ranging between 1.56 ±0.09% to 2.63 ±0.2% which were below the standard level (3%). On the other hand, protein content ranged between 3.71±0.02% to 4.33±0.15%, which was higher than standard level of 3.2%. These results revealed that all sweetened yoghurt samples were highly adulterated with urea, starch and ammonium sulphate. From the microbiological point of view, all sweetened yoghurt samples had good quality. For instance, L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus were found to be under acceptable range, and there were no pathogenic coliform bacteria were found in any of the samples.
Conclusion: Results obtained from this study might help the consumers to be more aware when they purchase yoghurt from local market.
An Engineering Approach to Roof Top Gardening
Authors: Dubey Abhinav , Radhakrishna A. R. , Narendra R. , Madhu N. , Rajesh R. 
Published: May 2020

With the growing demand for vegetables and fruits in this world of urbanisation roof top gardening finds an insignificant place. The study focuses on identifying and suggesting remedies for effective management of the engineering components involved in roof top gardening. They majorly include design of roof, irrigation management, arrangement of pots, waste management, moisture proofing etc. These factors contribute significantly in designing an effective roof top garden. Various problems faced in the engineering intervention were identified and suitable remedies were suggested in the research using a case study approach of roof top gardens in Bangalore. A well maintained roof top garden is a positive sign of a healthy household.
Specialized Wirebond Process Configuration on Advanced Multi-Die Package
Authors: Moreno Anthony R. , Graycochea Jr. Edwin M. , Gomez Frederick Ray I. 
Published: May 2020

Wirebonding process is one important assembly process responsible for providing electrical connections between the silicon die and the external leads of a semiconductor package or device. The process also brings along some challenges as the device becomes more complex and critical. This paper is focused on the prevention of the broken wire on neck during wirebonding process of an advanced semiconductor package with multi-die configuration. Extensive wire loop character-ization and optimization was done and a specialized wirebonding configuration solution was formulated. Ultimately, the solution prevented high loop and wire sagging that could touch or short-circuit the silicon die. For future works, the configuration could be applied on packages with comparable construction.
Paid Employment and Empowerment of Women Tea Plantation Workers: A Qualitative Inquiry
Authors: Aktar Hajera , Liza Zafrin Ahmed , Aktar Nazira 
Published: May 2020

This explorative study is an assessment on empowerment of female tea garden workers through capabilities approach analysis. This study is conducted in a tea estate in Sylhet named Dholdoli. This study has shown that empowerment, in most cases, is found affirmative. Besides reviewing related literature and past research reports, the study is mainly based on primary field data. This study has collected qualitative data following an in-depth interview method of research. The tea garden has been selected purposively. For acquiring qualitative data, the study has involved a number of research participants, such as workers, management staffs, employers, union leaders, buyers and other local stakeholders. The study will mainly focus on in-depth interview techniques. Results show that most of the respondents have control over their own income (including expenditure and saving) but as they have been paid in low amounts, they can hardly save anything, also they exhibit very explicitly that they have a participation in the decision of their child schooling, family planning, and other facts in social and political issues. They can participate in their local panchayet at or even in national election without any pursuing of a male member of their family.
HFIP‐Mediated Decarboxylative [4+3]‐Annulation of Azaoxyallyl Cations with Isatoic Anhydride
Authors: Kim Eunjin , Lee Chang Yoon , Kim Sung‐Gon 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe first example of a [4+3]‐annulation reaction between in situ‐generated azaoxyallyl cations and isatoic anhydride has been developed for the construction of seven‐membered 1,4‐benzodiazepinediones in moderate to good yields (up to 91% yield). This annulation reaction involves the cascade reaction of decarboxylative addition of hexafluoroisopropanol to isatoic anhydride, addition to the azaoxyallyl cation, and intramolecular substitution to yield 1,4‐benzodiazepinediones.magnified image
Copper‐Catalyzed Hydrodifluoroallylation of Terminal Alkynes to Access (E)‐1,1‐Difluoro‐1,4‐Dienes
Authors: Wu Nuo‐Yi , Huang Yangen , Xu Xiu‐Hua , Qing Feng‐Ling 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA copper‐catalyzed regio‐ and stereoselective hydrodifluoroallylation of terminal alkynes was disclosed. This reaction employs easily available 3‐bromo‐3,3‐difluoropropene (BDFP) as the difluoroallylating reagent and 1,1,3,3‐tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) as the hydride source, affording a variety of (E)‐1,1‐difluoro‐1,4‐dienes in moderate to good yields. The synthetic utility of this protocol has been demonstrated through the transformation of resulting (E)‐1,1‐difluoro‐1,4‐diene to difluoromethylated and trifluoromethylated derivatives.magnified image
Smell and taste alterations in COVID‐19: a cross‐sectional analysis of different cohorts
Authors: Paderno Alberto , Schreiber Alberto , Grammatica Alberto , Raffetti Elena , Tomasoni Michele , Gualtieri Tommaso , Taboni Stefano , Zorzi Silvia , Lombardi Davide , Deganello Alberto , Redaelli De Zinis Luca Oscar , Maroldi Roberto , Mattavelli Davide 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundOlfactory (OD) and gustatory (GD) dysfunction have been proven to be a typical symptom of severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. However, their prevalence in different patient populations still needs to be clarified.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed from March 27 to April 1, 2020, in Northern Italy. Physicians administered a survey‐based questionnaire to SARS‐CoV‐2–positive patients with the aim of assessing symptoms, focusing on OD and GD. Two groups were studied: group A, patients hospitalized at Azianda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili University Hospital of Brescia; and group B, home‐quarantined subjects.ResultsA total of 508 patients were enrolled: 295 in group A and 213 in group B. Mean age ± standard deviation (SD) was 55 ± 15 years; 56% were men. Overall, OD and GD were present in 56% (95% confidence interval [CI], 51% to 60%) and 63% (95% CI, 59% to 67%) of cases, respectively. In group A, the prevalence of OD and GD was 44% (95% CI, 38% to 50%) and 52% (95% CI, 46% to 58%), respectively. In group B, the prevalence of OD and GD was 72% (95% CI, 65% to 79%) and 79% (95% CI, 73% to 84%), respectively. In the entire cohort, total loss of olfaction and taste was reported in 64% and 60% of cases, respectively. OD and GD occurred as the first symptom in 10% and 11% of cases, respectively; in the remaining cases, they occurred after a mean of 4 ± 3 days following the first symptom. At the time of the questionnaire, complete resolution of OD and GD was reported in 52% and 55% of cases, respectively (mean duration, 9 ± 5 days in both).ConclusionOD and GD are more prevalent in home‐quarantined subjects, and they are independently associated with younger age and female gender.
In Situ Formation of Polymeric Nanoassemblies Using an Efficient Reversible Click Reaction
Authors: Liu Bin , Wu Ruiling , Gong Shuai , Xiao Hang , Thayumanavan S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPolymer–drug conjugates are promising as strategies for drug delivery, because of their high drug loading capacity and low premature release profile. However, the preparation of these conjugates is often tedious. In this paper, we report an efficient method for polymer–drug conjugates using an ultrafast and reversible click reaction in a post‐polymerization functionalization strategy. The reaction is based on the rapid condensation of boronic acid functionalities with salicylhydroxamates. The polymer, bearing the latter functionality, has been designed such that the reaction with boronic acid bearing drugs induces an in situ self‐assembly of the conjugates to form well‐defined nanostructures. We show that this method is not only applicable for molecules with an intrinsic boronic acid group, but also for the other molecules that can be linked to aryl boronic acids through a self‐immolative linker. The linker has been designed to cause traceless release of the attached drug molecules, the efficiency of which has been demonstrated through intracellular delivery.
The Rapid and Large‐Scale Production of Carbon Quantum Dots and their Integration with Polymers
Authors: Du Xiang‐Yun , Wang Cai‐Feng , Wu Guan , Chen Su 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCarbon quantum dots (CDs) have inspired vast interest because of their excellent photoluminescence (PL) performances and their promising applications in optoelectronic, biomedical, and sensing fields. The development of effective approaches for the large‐scale production of CDs may greatly promote the further advancement of their practical applications. In this Minireview, the newly emerging methods for the large‐scale production of CDs are summarized, such as microwave, ultrasonic, plasma, magnetic hyperthermia, and microfluidic techniques. The use of the available strategies for constructing CD/polymer composites with intriguing solid‐state PL is then described. Particularly, the multiple roles of CDs are emphasized, including as fillers, monomers, and initiators. Moreover, typical applications of CD/polymer composites in light‐emitting diodes, fluorescent printing, and biomedicine are outlined. Finally, we discuss current problems and speculate on their future development.
Enantioselective CpxRhIII‐Catalyzed Carboaminations of Acrylates
Authors: Duchemin Coralie , Cramer Nicolai 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEnantioselective carboaminations of olefins constitute an attractive strategy for a rapid increase in molecular complexity from readily available starting materials. Reported here is an intermolecular asymmetric carboamination of acrylates using rhodium(III)‐catalyzed alkenyl C−H activations of N‐enoxysuccinimides to generate the nitrogen and carbon portion for the transfer. A rhodium complex equipped with a tailored bulky trisubstituted chiral Cpx ligand ensures carboamination chemoselectivity as well high levels of enantioinduction. The transformation operates under mild reaction conditions at ambient temperatures and provides access to a variety of α‐amino esters in good yields and excellent enantiomeric ratios of >99.5:0.5.
Frailty is a predictor of moderate to severe pain after robot‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy: A case‐control study (FRAP study)
Authors: Momota Masaki , Hatakeyama Shingo , Soma Osamu , Hamano Itsuto , Fujita Naoki , Okamoto Teppei , Togashi Kyo , Hamaya Tomoko , Yoneyama Tohru , Yamamoto Hayato , Yoneyama Takahiro , Hashimoto Yasuhiro , Ohyama Chikara 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association of pain with frailty in patients with localized prostate cancer (PC) who underwent robot‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP).Materials and MethodsBetween January 2017 and June 2019, we prospectively evaluated the geriatric 8 (G8) score, simplified frailty index (sFI), and numerical rating scale (NRS) of 154 patients with localized PC who underwent RARP at our institution. NRS was measured on preoperative day 0, postoperative days 1, 2, 3, and at discharge. Moderate to severe pain was defined as NRS ≥ 5, whereas frailty was defined as G8 ≤ 14. The primary objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of moderate to severe pain (NRS ≥ 5) on frailty, postoperative complications, and the use of analgesics after RARP. Our secondary objectives were the effect of frailty on postoperative complications and the use of analgesics.ResultsThe median age of participants was 69 years. Of 154 patients, 37 (24%) and 61 (40%) were classified to have NRS ≥ 5 and G8 ≤ 14, respectively. Patients with NRS > 5 presented significantly association with G8 < 14, whereas they did not show the association with sFI, complication, or analgesics. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that G8 ≤ 14 was significantly associated with NRS ≥ 5. Frailty was not significantly associated with postoperative complications and analgesics.ConclusionsFrailty was significantly associated with moderate to severe pain after RARP, and might be a potential predictor of postoperative pain. Frail patients require individual care to avoid painful experiences.
Limitations of Incident Power Density as a Proxy for Induced Electromagnetic Fields
Authors: Christ Andreas , Samaras Theodoros , Neufeld Esra , Kuster Niels 
Published: May 2020

The most recent safety guidelines define basic restrictions for electromagnetic field exposure at frequencies more than 6 GHz in terms of spatial‐ and time‐averaged transmitted power density inside the body. To enable easy‐to‐perform evaluations in situ, the reference levels for the incident power density were derived. In this study, we examined whether compliance with the reference levels always ensures compliance with basic restrictions. This was evaluated at several distances from different antennas (dipole, loop, slot, patch, and helix). Three power density definitions based on integration of the perpendicular real part of the Poynting vector, the real part of its three vector components, and its modulus were compared for averaging areas of λ2/16, 4 cm2 (below 30 GHz) and 1 cm2 (30 GHz). In the reactive near‐field (d < λ/(2π)), the transmitted power density can be underestimated if an antenna operates at the free space exposure limit. This underestimation may exceed 6 dB (4.0 times) and depends on the field source due to different coupling mechanisms. It is frequency‐dependent for fixed‐size averaging areas (4 and 1 cm2). At larger distances, transmission can be larger than the theoretical plane‐wave transmission coefficient due to backscattering between the body and field source. Using the modulus of the incident Poynting vector yields the smallest underestimation. © 2020 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
Mesenchymal stem cells engineered by modified polyethylenimine polymer for targeted cancer gene therapy, in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Salmasi Zahra , Hashemi Maryam , Mahdipour Elahe , Nourani Hossein , Abnous Khalil , Ramezani Mohammad 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCell‐based delivery system is a promising strategy to protect therapeutic agents from the immune system and provide targeted delivery. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have recently been introduced as an encouraging vehicle in cell‐based gene therapy due to their unique features including tumor‐tropic property and migratory ability. However, gene transfer into MSCs is limited due to low efficiency and cytotoxicity of carriers. In this study, we designed a novel delivery system based on polyethylenimine (PEI25) to improve these features of carrier and transfect plasmid encoding TRAIL to MSCs. Tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a death ligand of TNF family with selective effect on cancerous cells. Then, death induction and migration ability of TRAIL‐expressing MSCs was studied in melanoma cells. The effect of engineered‐MSCs as an antitumor vehicle was also investigated in mice bearing melanoma cells. Our findings indicated that heterocyclic amine derivative of PEI25 showed significant improvement in MSCs viability determined by MTT assay and gene expression using fluorescent microscopy, flow cytometry, and Western blot analysis. We observed that engineered‐MSCs could migrate toward and induce cell death in B16F0 cells in vitro. The single administration of TRAIL‐expressing MSCs could delay tumor appearance and efficiently reduce tumor weights. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of tumor sections revealed extensive neoplastic cells necrosis. Furthermore, engineered‐MSCs could migrate and localize to tumors sites within 5 days. Our results indicated that MSCs engineered by modified‐PEI/TRAIL complexes could be considered as a promising cellular vehicle for targeted tumor suppression.