bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Conditions of Sedimentation of Gdańsk Bay Sediments (Baltic Sea, Poland) in the Light of Lithological Features and Carbon Content
Authors: Burska Dorota , Szymczak Ewa 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The research has been carried out for many years, the aim of which is to thoroughly identify sedimentation conditions in the area of the Gulf of Gdańsk. This process is conditioned by many factors, among which the quantity, type and quality of sedimentary material subject to sedimentation, the dynamics of the reservoir, its depth as well as the morphology of the bottom should be mentioned. Research sediments were collected in April 2014, during a research cruise on ORP Heweliusz. Sediment cores with a length of approx. 25 cm were taken in parts of the basin characterized by a different bathymetry, dynamics and a different distance from the main sources of supply of the terrigenous material. The GD core was taken from the Gdańsk Deep, the PB from the Puck Bay and the other two cores within the Gdansk Deep slope: UP near Hel and VR at the level of the Vistula estuary. The sediments from collected cores were subjected to wet sieve analysis and pipette analysis. The obtained results allowed to determine the type of lithological sediment and the calculation of graining indices, on the basis of which the interpretation of the sedimentation conditions was carried out. In the sediments, the carbon content was determined using the Perkin Elmer 2400 CHNS / O elemental analyzer. It was found that clayey silts and silty clays dominated in the PB, UP, GD core throughout the profile. Only in the VR core, there was a clayey sand, which proved that the sedimentation environment is more dynamic, conditioning the deposition and the periodic redeposition of sediments. It is the shallowest located station near the source of supply with terrigenous sediments (estuary of the Vistula). In the surface layer of the cores, the total organic carbon (TOC) content exceeds 4.7% and reaches up to 8.3%. The lowest TOC content, ranging from 0.8 to 2%, was found in the VR core. The total inorganic carbon (TIC) ranged from 0.18% (VR) to 1.77% (UP). In all profiles, both carbon forms decreased with depth. The greatest dynamics of changes in the surface layer of sediments (10 cm) characterized the UP core (4.1–6.6%), while the smallest changes characterized the PB station (4.7–4.9%). The parameter relations indicate a close relationship between the carbon content and the dynamics of the sedimentation environment and the proximity of the power sources.
Geochemical phases of aluminum in the river sediments as indicators of its environmental availability
Authors: Rodriguez-Blanco M. Luz , Taboada-Castro M. Mercedes , Taboada-Castro M. Teresa 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Natural fluvial sediments are predominantly composed of river transported debris resulting from weathering and erosion of the basin. Understanding both the concentration and the distribution of metals in the river bed sediments in headwaters is essential to provide a scientific reference for the protection of water resources and the control of water pollution downstream. Sequential chemical fractionation studies of elements in various phases in the environment are widely used in investigating the effects of a particular element in the ecosystem. In this study, determination of aluminum (Al) bound to six phases operationally defined (soluble/exchangeable/specifically adsorbed, bound to manganese oxides, associated with amorphous compounds, bound to oxidizable organic matter, associated with crystalline iron oxides, and residual fraction) in the river bed sediment samples was performed in order to evaluate its potential environmental availability in the monitoring area. Aluminum contents were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The pattern of fractionation of Al in the sediments that are studied suggests that this element does not pose a risk to the aquatic environment under the current environmental conditions since it is mainly part of the potentially less bioavailable geochemical fractions.
Using a small UAV for nautical ports inventory
Authors: Popielarczyk Dariusz 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Reliable knowledge of marinas is crucial for the water tourism. The tourist information base of sailing ports on inland waterways should be updated every year. In addition to the basic information about the marinas, aerial photographs of the port and its surrounding are now in demand. A small four-rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) can be an ideal tool for such an inventory. Unlike airplanes or fixed-wings, small and cheap unmanned aircrafts do not require much open space to start an air mission. A properly configured Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) can bring camera equipment to the location where the pictures are to be taken. The drone can hover over an object allowing the operator to take the right shots. After the mission, a UAV can automatically return and make a safe landing. Photos taken with the drone provide potential users (sailors or fishermen) with basic information about the object’s location: size, number of mooring spaces for boats, the difficulty of manoeuvring in the ports, as well as attractiveness of the adjacent area. The article presents an example of the application of DJI Phantom 4 Pro to the inventory of sailing ports on the route of the Great Masurian Lakes in Poland.
Densification of cities as a method of sustainable development
Authors: Pelczynski Janusz , Tomkowicz Bartlomiej 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The way of the Earth’s resources are used is one of the basic elements determining the quality of today’s economy. Problems related to the urbanization are among the main areas affecting the preservation of development potential for the future generations, which from the start have been taken into account in the doctrine of sustainable development. The growth of the human population and also civilizational transformations require an increase in the volume of buildings and urban areas, which is an inherent part of the development. However, it is important in what way the development of the built environment takes place. The problem of urban sprawl occurs globally not only in regions with high and increasing population density, but also in regions with a declining population, e.g. in Europe. The urban sprawl reflects an inappropriate and unsustainable way of using the environment and its resources, not only depleting the Earth’s natural assets and reducing ecosystems, but also adversely affecting people’s quality of life and health, and contributing to the social problems. This creates specific requirements for a spatial policy regulating not only the design and implementation of new cities and settlements, but also the management of already urbanised areas, which are also undergoing development and transformation processes affecting on the way they are used on. The article focuses on a strategy of densification of cities, as a method of ensuring their sustainable development allowing better use of the potential of the natural assets which are already being exploited, and to reduce the need for new resources. Four methods of densification the urban areas were distinguished and characterised: - increasing the efficiency of the use of the existing buildings by transforming their functions (changing functions, adapting unused space), - building up on free spaces in the city (construction, extension, infill), - transforming space below and over existing buildings (downward and upward extensions), - replacement of existing buildings (demolition of existing and construction of new buildings). Advantages and disadvantages of the relevant methods were discussed and the determinants for their application were defined. In each case, in order to use the methods of urban densification, it is necessary to perform a proper diagnosis of the initial situation and prediction of a development scenario and also appropriate formal regulations allowing for densification within the limits set by the sustainability criteria. Reasonable densification of cities or their parts is an important and effective way to support sustainable development.
Removal of Heavy Metals in Drinking Water by Iron-based Sorption Materials
Authors: Barlokova Danka , Ilavsky Jan , Marton Michal , Kunstek Michal 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Adsorption on a suitable adsorption material is the most frequently used methods in water treatment. In terms of plant operation, filtration (sorption) process represents a simple, effective and economical friendly method of heavy metals removal namely for the possibility of using a large scale of substances with a sorption ability - sorbents. Oxides, oxyhydroxides and hydroxide containing iron are among the most frequently used sorbents of the heavy metal removal. The quality of the treated water (pH, silica, phosphorus, fluorides, sulphates, total mineralization, iron and manganese, organic matter, etc.), redox conditions, the valency of metal and filtration conditions has the impacts on heavy metal removing efficiency. The objective of this work was to verify the sorption properties of granular iron-based sorption materials (CFH12, CFH18, Bayoxide E33, GEH) in removal of arsenic, antimony and nickel from drinking water. Under the given operational conditions (average concentration of arsenic in raw water 52,96 μg/L, average velocity 5.6 m/h, concentration As 10 μg/L at the outlet of media) adsorption capacity of filtration material CFH12 and Bayoxide E33 for arsenic was 1.203 mg/g and 1.463 mg/g, respectively. The limit of 10 μg/L of as was exceeded after 24048 BV and 28623 BV (Bed volume), respectively. According to the model tests (concentration of nickel in raw water of about 50 μg/L, filtration rate 5.8 m/h, concentration Ni 20 μg/L at the outlet of media, pH 7.0) the adsorption capacity of nickel for Bayoxide E33 was set to 198 μg/g, for CFH18 107.5 μg/g, GEH 97.5 μg/g and CFH12 38.1 μg/g. The limit of 20 μg/L of Ni was exceeded after 4808 BV for Bayoxide E33, 1409 BV for CFH12, 3007 BV for CFH18 and 3218 BV for GEH. For the average antimony concentration of 58.35 μg/L in raw water and filtration rate between 4.27-4.51 m/h, the limit concentration of 5 μg/l at the outlet of the sorption column was reached at the bed volume 3470 for GEH, 2225 for CFH 12 and 1274 for Bayoxide E33. The adsorption capacities were as follows: 167.8 μg/g for GEH, 105.7 μg/g for CFH12 and 90.9 μg/g for Bayoxide E33. The experiments proved that iron-based sorption materials GEH, CFH12, CFH18 and Bayoxide E33 can help reduce the concentration of heavy metals in water below the limit of the Slovak Republic Decree No. 247/2017 on Drinking Water.
The analysis and assessment of grain size distribution on the example of a chosen granite mine
Authors: Kawalec Witold , Krol Robert , Suchorab Natalia , Szymanski Michal 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The rock blasting is the first phase of production in the surface and underground mining operations. Because blasting works affect the efficiency of every activity that follows it, they are considered to play a significant role in the whole mining process. Furthermore, it is stated that the most significant parameter is an ore material fragmentation. Information about particle size distribution is relevant from blasting methods point of view. It enables not only to examine the results of blasting operations but also to select proper parameters of blasting operations. This paper presents the analysis and the assessment of grain size distribution of blasted rock in open pit granite mine using the indirect image analysis method. The photogrammetric techniques and the Split Desktop 4.0 computer application were used to perform the research. The photographic documentation of the entire blasted muck pile was prepared in two variants: the first one after blasting operations and the second one after removing 50% of the blasted ore material. Moreover, the whole process of preparing photographs, scaling and delineation are discussed as well as results generated by Split Desktop 4.0. The main objective of the paper is to determine the particle size distribution and the percentage share of oversized fraction both in two variants individually and in the entire blasted muck pile. As a result of the analysis, some relationships between particle size distribution and blasting operations parameters are outlined. The obtained values of size distribution analysis of the rock fragmentation may play a significant role in the blasting operations optimization in the analysed granite mine.
Energy Efficient Processing of Geotermal Water for Energy-Heating Objects of the Building Industry
Authors: Zhuravska Nataliia , Malkin Eduard , Sobczak-Piastka Justyna 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Due to the energy crisis in Ukraine, the problem of significant increase in the efficiency of production, transportation and use of energy is of particular importance. Considering the significant role in energy supply of the country, the issues of efficient use of heat energy in all areas of these systems are solved: generation for heating water or for steam generation; transportation to the consumer, as well as when using it by the consumer. On the heat exchange surfaces of the systems, scale occurs, which leads to deterioration of heat and mass transfer processes and heat energy indices [6]. This affects the overall performance of the process. In this paper, the question of determining the parameters of an electromagnetic field in the process of treatment of pure water is solved and physical models of the change of the structure of pure water after treatment in the electromagnetic field and the change in the nature of its interaction with different surfaces are developed. To improve the efficiency of the system perform preliminary cleaning and softening water before feeding it to the heat pump by the method of processing it in fields of constant current and in the field of permanent magnets. Next, filtration and water treatment in the field of electromagnets with certain parameters of high frequency of electric current and field induction are carried out. The scientific principles of changes in structural and thermophysical properties of water, ecological and technical technologies, which include the implementation of its basic principles, in which environmental and anthropogenic factors perform a functionally unifying role, are developed.
Estimation of the Dynamic Characteristics of the Foam Concrete
Authors: Valaskova Veronika , Vlcek Jozef , Drusa Marian 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Dynamic properties of the building materials are not often under investigation because of complexity and difficulty of the dynamic problems, which need to be solved. Foam concrete (FC) is a material that has wide application and utilization in the civil engineering structures. FC is a mixture of cement, water, additives and technical foam and principle of fabrication is well known for more than 30 years. Currently, it is mainly used in the floor structures of the buildings, thus static parameters are investigated. Its usability can be much wider thanks to its specific properties. A research aimed at the application of the foam concrete in the pavement structures takes place at our workplace. FC could be utilized as a sub-base layer at the road reconstructions, excavations or as a structure layer of the new pavements. This paper presents the preliminary outputs of the experimental and numerical analyses of the selected dynamic properties of the FC. Results were obtained from the dynamic hammer testing and the Finite Element (FEM) simulation as a background for the design procedure of the pavement structures. Relevant dynamic parameters such as dynamic modulus of elasticity at low strain or damping parameters were determined in this article. This paper is also aimed at the estimation of the Rayleigh damping coefficients. For the Rayleigh damping coefficients, a half-power bandwidth method was selected. Conclusions indicate some dispersion of the observed quantities and further testing and analysis to increase the reliability of the determined characteristics is required. Obtained dynamic parameters will be a background for the pavement design using the FC.
Retrieving Spatial Variation of Land Surface Temperature Based on Landsat OLI/TIRS: A Case of Southern part of Jember, Java, Indonesia
Authors: Sholihah Rizqi I. , Shibata Shozo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The study analysis of the land surface temperature (LST) is crucial to maintain the environmental quality of climatic conditions, particularly in Jember as the forest buffer region in the eastern part of Java, Indonesia. In this paper, the land surface temperature (LST) distributions were investigated using Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS images in about 24,008.67 ha of the southern part of Jember. The land surface emissivity (LSE) is also provided in deriving the land surface temperature (LST) from satellite images. The LSE value in the Earth’s surface is retrieved from NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and fractional vegetation cover (Pv). In this case, the reflectance of NIR (Near Infrared) and red bands of Landsat 8 OLI sensor have been acquired to derive NDVI and Pv distribution. Therefore, the LST can be obtained from the LSE coefficient result and brightness temperature (BT) of Landsat 8 TIRS. The results showed that the LST average in the study area increased significantly from 20°C in 2013 to 26°C in 2018. This condition was triggered by the decreasing area with a high vegetation density about 5% of the study area from 2013 to 2018, which was figured out from the spatial distribution of NDVI and LSE.
Management measures for the restoration of degraded ecosystems in order to increase biodiversity conservation in the Târnava Mică catchment area. Case study Bălăuşeri section, Târnava Mică River, Romania
Authors: Ioana-Alina Cretan , Cristian Bratanovici , Albert-Titus Constantin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper examines the possibilities of maintaining the longitudinal connectivity of the Târnava Mică R water courses in the context of hydrotechnical works execution. The main reason why the longitudinal connectivity needs to be analysed is that the transverse obstacles may prevent the migration of upstream fish species in order to reproduce the species concerned. In this way, the state of aquatic ecosystems is affected, which the Water Framework Directive aims to protect. The European Commission has launched two infringement procedures against Romania due to the destruction of unique habitats by not ensuring the longitudinal connectivity. The current methodology for the restoration of longitudinal connectivity provides that the longitudinal connectivity of a water body is ensured if there are no transverse obstacles on the river, or if these obstacles meet certain criteria which make the pressure given by them insignificant. In addition, longitudinal connectivity is an important criterion for defining the natural water bodies and heavily modified water bodies. The most widespread measure is the fish scale. The advantage is given by the lowest cost compared to the other variants and the fact that in many cases, it can be applied to the already existing constructions. However, there is a construction height limit for which it is recommended. In the National Administration of Romanian Waters methodology, the height limit is 15 m. The case study in this paper will also present the numerical modelling (1d) for a fish scale at Bălăuşeri on the Târnava Mică water stream from the Mureş River catchment area. The purpose of the case study of the longitudinal connectivity of the Târnava Mică River was to restore water connectivity to ensure favourable conditions for aquatic species dependent on riparian habitats.
Fe-Ti-V Deposits of Eastern Siberia: Their Similarities and Differences
Authors: Gongalsky Bronislav , Krivolutskaya Nadezhda , Yakushev Anton , Taskaev Vladimir 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Fe-Ti-V deposits related to the basic-ultrabasic intrusions are widespread within eastern Siberia, in its northern and southern parts. Two large massifs are located in the Kodar-Udokan trough Siberian Platform, and in the Taimyr Peninsula. They are the Chineysky intrusion and the Dyumtaleysky massifs consequently. The problem of ore origin includes an estimation of parental melt composition and its evolution. To solve it, we have studied the internal structure, composition of rocks and ores from these massifs. The Chineysky lopolith has a thickness of 2.5 km and consists of four rock groups formed during different stages. Layering is a typical feature of the second group of rocks enriched in titanomagnetite. Economic Cu-Ni sulfide mineralization (Cu/Ni=10-100) concentrates within the lower boundary of the massif and includes the endo-and exocontact ore. Chineysky massif consists of basic rocks with typical crustal characteristics (Ta-Nb negative and Pb positive anomalies). The Dyumtaleysky intrusion represents a tabular body of 600 m in thickness. It consists of two groups of rocks - gabbro (upper zone, 300 m) and peridotites (lower zone, 300 m). It was suggested that they were formed at two stages. The upper zone is characterized by thin layering which is similar to the layering of the Chineysky massif. Sulfides are concentrated within the massif (between upper and lower zones) and in its endocontact zone. The mineralization consists of chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, pentlandite, millerite, cubanite; Cu/Ni= 1-0.5. In contrast to the rocks of the Chineysky massif, the rocks of the Dyumtaleysky intrusion are characterized by patterns without Ta-Nb anomaly. Gd/Yb ratio demonstrates the origin of these two massifs from different magma sources: shallow for the Chineysky intrusion and deep (with garnet) for the Dyumtaleysky one. Thus, Fe-Ti-V deposits could be formed from different magmas but contain the same type of ores because the leading process of ore formation is a multiple fractional crystallization.
Analysis of a single-family building life cycle – case study
Authors: Lis Anna , Warzeszak Anna , Gliniak Maciej 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Increasing the ecological awareness of society has contributed to the fact that the natural environment is no longer perceived only as a resource, but above all as a system necessary for protection and preservation for the future generations. Particular branches of industry, as well as consumption, cause multidimensional environmental damage. One of the industries that raise the standard of living, but also plays a significant role in environmental degradation is the construction industry. It is, therefore, necessary to strive to mitigate the effects of erecting building objects. The article made an environmental assessment of the life cycle of a building using the One Click LCA software, which was officially approved by BRE to categorize objects according to the Mat 01 procedure. The evaluation covered the production of construction materials, transport, construction process, use of a residential building, maintenance, repairs and replacements, operating energy and water consumption, total energy consumption and demolition phase.