bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The surgical treatment of non metastatic melanoma in a Clinical National Melanoma Registry Study Group (CNMR): a retrospective cohort quality improvement study to reduce the morbidity rates
Authors: Vecchiato Antonella , Mocellin Simone , Fiore Paolo Del , Tosti Giulio , Ascierto Paolo Antonio , Corradin Maria Teresa , De Giorgi Vincenzo , Giudice Giuseppe , Queirolo Paola , Ferreli Caterina , Occelli Marcella , Giordano Monica , Trevisan Giusto , Mascheroni Luigi , Testori Alessandro , Spina Romina , Buja Alessandra , Cavallin Francesco , Caracò Corrado , Sommariva Antonio , Rossi Carlo Riccardo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Reproducible, high-quality surgery is a key point in the management of cancer patients. Quality indicators for surgical treatment of melanoma has been presented with benchmarks but data on morbidity are still limited. This study presents the quality indicators on morbidity after surgical treatment for non-metastatic skin melanoma in an Italian registry.Methods: Data were extracted from the Central National Melanoma Registry (CNMR) promoted by the Italian Melanoma Intergroup (IMI). All surgical procedures (WE, SNLB or LFND) for non-metastatic skin melanoma between January 2011 and February 2017 were evaluated for inclusion in the study. Only centers with adequate completeness of information (>80%) were included in the study. Short-term complications (wound infection, dehiscence, skin graft failure and seroma) were investigated.Results: Wound infection rate was 1.1% (0.4% to 2.7%) in WE, 1.3% (0.7% to 2.5%) in SLNB and 4.1% (2.1% to 8.0%) in LFND. Wound dehiscence rate was 2.0% (0.8% to 5.1%) in WE, 0.9% (0.2% to 3.0%) in SLNB and 2.8% (0.9% to 8.6%) in LFND. Seroma rate was 4.2% (1.5% to 11.1%) in SLNB and 15.1% (4.6% to 39.9%) in LFND. Unreliable information was found on skin graft failure. Conclusions: Our findings contribute to available literature in setting up the recommended standards for melanoma centers, thus improving the quality of surgery offered to patients. A consensus on the core issues around surgical morbidity is needed to provide practical guidance on morbidity prevention and management.
Influence of Indications on Perinatal Outcomes After Radio frequency Ablation in Complicated Monochorionic Pregnancies: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Hongmei , Zhou Qian , Wang Xietong , Song Jia , Chen Pengzheng , Wang Yanyun , Li Lei , Li Hongyan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background:Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is recommended to prevent potential neurological injury or intrauterine foetal death (IUFD) of the co-twin(s) in complicated monochorionic (MC) pregnancies. However, the impacts of various indications on the pregnancy outcome following RFA remain unclear. This study aimed to determine how the indications influence the perinatal outcomes in complicated MC pregnancies undergoing radiofrequency ablation.Methods:This was a retrospective cohort study performed in a single centre. All consecutive MC pregnancies treated with RFA between July 2011 and July 2019 were included. The adverse perinatal outcomes and the survival rate were analysed based on various indications. The continuous variables with and without normal distribution were compared between the groups using Student’s t-test and Mann–Whitney U test, respectively, and for categorical variables, Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used. P < 0.05 indicated a significant difference.Results:We performed 272 RFA procedures in 268 complicated MC pregnancies, including 60 selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR), 64 twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), 12 twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence (TRAPs), 66 foetal anomaly and 66 elective foetal reduction (EFR) cases. The overall survival rate of the co-twin was 201/272 (73.9%). The overall technical successful rate was determined at 201/263 (76.7%). The IUFD rate in the co-twin was 20/272 (7.4%). The TTTS group had recorded the lowest survival rate (37/64, 57. 8%), and the survival rate significantly correlated with Quintero stages (P = 0.029). Moreover, the sIUGR III subgroup had a lower survival rate compared with sIUGR II (55.6%, versus 84.3%). The subgroup of foetal anomaly of gastroschisis or exomphalos had the highest IUFD rate (4/10, 40%), followed by sIUGR III (2/9, 22.2%) and dichorionic triamniotic (DCTA) subgroup (8/46, 17.9%). In EFR group, eight IUFD cases were all coming from the DCTA subgroup and received RFA before 17 weeks.Conclusions:The perinatal outcome of RFA was correlated with the indications, with the lowest survival rate in TTTS IV and the highest IUFD incidence in abdominal wall defect followed by sIUGR III. Elective RFA after 17 weeks may prevent IUFD in DCTA pregnancies.
Assessment of sodium thiosulfate neutralizing effect on micro-hardness of dentin treated with sodium hypochlorite
Authors: Sahebi Safoora , Sobhnamayan fereshteh , Moazami Fariborz , Naseri Mohammadhasan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: This study aims to evaluate the ability of sodium thiosulfate (STS) to neutralize the adverse effect of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on dentin micro-hardness.Methods: Fifty single-rooted teeth were longitudinally sectioned. The samples divided into a control and four sample groups (n = 20). All the samples were immersed in different solutions as follows, Control: Normal saline for 15 min, G1and G2: 2.5% NaOCl for 15 min, G3: 2.5% NaOCl for 15 min, followed by 5% STS for 10 min, G4: Normal saline for 15 min followed by 5% STS for 10 min. All groups except G1 incubated for one week before the test. The micro-hardness of samples was measured. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test for pairwise comparisons. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: All groups showed a significant decrease in the micro-hardness value compared with the control group. NaOCl for one week (G2) reduced the micro-hardness of dentine compared with samples, tested immediately after immersion in NaOCl (G1) (p < 0.05). NaOCl alone (G2) or treated with STS (G3) resulted in a significant decrease in micro-hardness compared with the STS group (G4) (p < 0.05).Conclusions: STS as a neutralizing agent could not prevent the dentin micro-hardness downturn caused by NaOCl.
Resolvin E1 accelerates pulp repair by regulating inflammation and stimulating dentin regeneration in dental pulp stem cells
Authors: Chen Jie , Xu Huaxing , Xia Kun , Cheng Shuhua , Zhang Qi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Unresolved inflammation and tissue destruction are considered to underlie failure of dental pulp repair. As key mediators of the injury response, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) play a critical role in pulp tissue repair and regeneration. Resolvin E1 (RvE1), a major dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty-acid metabolite, is effective in resolving inflammation and activating wound healing. However, whether RvE1 facilitates injured pulp-tissue repair and regeneration through timely resolution of inflammation and rapid mobilization of DPSCs is unknown. Therefore, we established a pulp injury model and investigated the effects of RvE1 on DPSC-mediated inflammation resolution and injured pulp repair.Methods: A pulp injury model was established using eight-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were sacrificed on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after pulp capping with a collagen sponge immersed in PBS with RvE1 or PBS. Hematoxylin-eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining, immunohistochemistry, and immunohistofluorescence were used to evaluate the prohealing properties of RvE1. hDPSCs were incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce an inflammatory response, and the expression of inflammatory factors after RvE1 application was measured. Effects of RvE1 on hDPSC proliferation, chemotaxis, and odontogenic differentiation were evaluated by CCK-8 assay, transwell assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, alizarin red staining, and quantitative PCR, and possible signaling pathways were explored using western blotting.Results: In vivo, RvE1 reduced the necrosis rate of damaged pulp and preserved more vital pulp, promoted injured pulp repair and reparative dentin formation. Further, it enhanced dentin matrix protein 1 and dentin sialoprotein expression, and accelerated pulp inflammation resolution by suppressing TNF-α and IL-1β expression. RvE1 enhanced the recruitment of CD146+ and CD105+ DPSCs to the damaged molar pulp mesenchyme. Isolated primary cells exhibited the mesenchymal stem cell immunophenotype and differentiation. RvE1 promoted hDPSC proliferation and chemotaxis. RvE1 significantly attenuated pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) release and enhanced ALP activity, nodule mineralization, and especially, expression of the odontogenesis-related genes DMP1, DSPP, and BSP in LPS-stimulated DPSCs. RvE1 regulated AKT, ERK, and rS6 phosphorylation in LPS-stimulated DPSCs.Conclusions: RvE1 promotes pulp inflammation resolution and dentin regeneration and positively influences the proliferation, chemotaxis, and differentiation of LPS-stimulated hDPSCs. This response is, at least partially, dependent on AKT, ERK, and rS6-associated signaling in the inflammatory microenvironment. RvE1 has promising application potential in regenerative endodontics.
Bronchial thermoplasty reduces ventilation heterogeneity measured by multiple breath nitrogen washout
Authors: Langton David , Bennetts Kim , Thien Francis , Plummer Virginia , Noble Peter B 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Despite demonstrated symptomatic benefit from bronchial thermoplasty (BT), the underlying pathophysiological benefits have been uncertain. The purpose of the present study was to relate clinical benefit after BT to changes in lung physiology, focusing on ventilation homogeneity assessed using multiple breath nitrogen washout (MBNW), and how this may be affected by changes in airway volume and resistance.MethodsConsecutive patients (n=21) with severe asthma scheduled for BT, were evaluated at baseline, 6 weeks and 6 months after completion of treatment. Assessments included the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ), medication usage, exacerbation frequency, spirometry, plethysmography and MBNW. Eighteen of these patients underwent detailed CT evaluation for the estimation of airway volume at baseline and then after the left lung had received BT treatment but prior to right lung treatment. Data are mean±STDEV.ResultsPatients responded to BT with an improvement in ACQ from 3.4±0.8 at baseline to 2.0±1.1 at 6 months (p<0.001). Steroid requiring exacerbations fell from 3.1±2.9 in the 6 months prior to BT to 1.4±1.7 following BT (p<0.001). Significant reductions in maintenance oral steroid dosing and short acting beta agonist use were observed.Airway volume measured by CT scanning significantly increased after treatment. The FEV1 improved from 1.34±0.65 l to 1.52±0.76 l (p=0.024). The Residual Volume fell from 2.87±0.89 l to 2.71±0.93 l (p=0.008) and Total Airway Resistance (Raw) from 10.58±6.56 to 7.64±3.74 cmH2O.s.l-1 (p=0.020). The Lung Clearance Index (LCI) was 187±63% predicted at baseline and improved after treatment from 12.7±3.3 to 11.8±2.4 (p=0.049). The improvement in LCI correlated with the improvement in Raw (r=0.463, p=0.035).Conclusion Clinical benefit after BT is accompanied by improvements in lung physiology, including normalisation of lung homogeneity that seems to be driven by airway dilation and reduced resistance.
Impact of a Smartphone-Based Health Education Intervention in Reducing the Incidence of influenza-like illnesses (ILI) During Hajj
Authors: Goni Mohammed Dauda , Naing Nyi Nyi , Hasan Habsah , Wan-Arfah Nadiah , Deris Zakuan Zainy , Arifin Wan Nor , Baaba Aisha Abubakar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background This study was aimed at demonstrating the impact of a health education intervention on reducing the incidence of influenza-like illnesses symptoms among Malaysian's Hajj pilgrims. MethodsThis study utilizes a quasi-experimental study in the evaluation of the impact of the intervention. Participants were recruited during Hajj orientation courses organized by private Hajj companies. Participants from two separate companies were recruited into an intervention group and control group respectively. The intervention group received a Health Belief Model (HBM) based smartphone health education intervention application while the control group received a normal Hajj guide intervention smartphone application before departure to Hajj. Data on the incidence of influenza-like illnesses (ILI) were collected from participants from two Hajj companies before and after returning from Hajj. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS with descriptive analysis, and analytical tests were conducted at 5% significance level. ResultsA total of 102 pilgrims completed the study in both intervention and control groups. The incidence of the symptoms of influenza-like illnesses (ILI) was statistically significant between the intervention and control groups (p = 0.049). The change in the level of knowledge and attitude among the intervention was statistically significant (p= 0.001, p = 0.029). ConclusionIn conclusion, the health education intervention has an impact on reducing the incidence of symptoms among Hajj pilgrims.
Regional difference of water use in a significantly unbalanced developing region
Authors: He Yanhu , Lin Zhuliang , Chen Xiaohong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
With a service for the most developed economy and dense population in China, the water use of Guangdong province shows distinct regional difference and is subject to multiple driving forces. The regional differences of total water use (TWU) and water use efficiency (WUE) for Guangdong province and its four sub-regions (i.e. Pearl River Dealt region (PRD), Eastern Wing (YD), Western Wing (YX), and Northern Mountain Region (YB)) were quantified by Theil index, and the influence of various variables on WUE was evaluated through multiple linear regression (MLR) models. Overall, Theil index of TWU showed a decreasing trend whereas Theil index of WUE increased in recent decades, suggesting that Guangdong province has experienced an enlarging regional difference of WUE along with a gradually weakened regional difference of TWU. The PRD has the most significant regional differences of WUE and TWU and accounts for a predominated proportion in the total regional difference. Theil indexes of GDP of industry, per capita GDP and per capita value-added by agriculture had positive regression coefficients and were found to have the most significant impact on the regional difference of WUE. This study has the potential to promote a balanced and coordinated regional development in terms of even regional WUE and TWU.
Transient simulation of vapor-liquid eruption and overpressure in the drainage terminal of an inclined pipeline during pigging process after water pressure test
Authors: Deng Tao , Zhou Jun , Zhou Xuan , Meng Tian , Liang Guangchuan , Gong Jing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPigging technology is widely used in the oil and gas industry. During the course of pigging, after a water pressure test, the instability of the pig caused by terrain fluctuation can affect the stable operation of the pipeline and even cause burst accidents. This paper describes the four stages of pig movement in an inclined pipeline, with vapor-liquid eruption occuring in the last stage. A hydraulic transient model of the pigging operation after a water pressure test is established based on mass conservation and motion equations, the dynamic equation of the pig, and the vapor-liquid eruption model. The model can simulate the status of fluid flow in the pipeline, track the movement of the pig, and predict the pressure pulses. The simulation results are consistent with the data of two burst accidents, which verifies the correctness of the established model and the reliability of the calculated results. It can therefore provide a reliable and effective theoretical basis for developing a pigging plan on site.
Recombinant Adeno-associated Virus 9-mediated Expression of Kallistatin Suppresses Lung Tumor Growth in Mice
Authors: Qu Weihong , Zhao Jianguo , Wu Yaqing , Xu Ruian , Liu Shaowu 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Lung cancer remains the most common cause of cancer-related deaths in
China and worldwide. Traditional surgery and chemotherapy do not offer an effective cure, although
gene therapy may be a promising future alternative. Kallistatin (Kal) is an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis
and tumorigenesis. Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) is considered the most
promising vector for gene therapy of many diseases due to persistent and long-term transgenic expression.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate whether rAAV9-Kal inhibited NCI-H446 subcutaneous
xenograft tumor growth in mice.

Methods:
The subcutaneous xenograft mode was induced by subcutaneous injection of 2×107 H446
cells into the dorsal skin of BALB/c nude mice. The mice were administered with ssrAAV9-Kal (single-
stranded rAAV9) or dsrAAV9-Kal (double-stranded rAAV9) by intraperitoneal injection (I.P.).
Tumor microvessel density (MVD) was examined by anti-CD34 staining to evaluate tumor angiogenesis.

Results:
Compared with the PBS (blank control) group, tumor growth in the high-dose ssrAAV9-Kal
group was inhibited by 40% by day 49, and the MVD of tumor tissues was significantly decreased.

Conclusion:
The results indicate that this therapeutic strategy is a promising approach for clinical
cancer therapy and implicate rAAV9-Kal as a candidate for gene therapy of lung cancer.
Epigenetic Modifications in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: From Cellular Mechanisms to Therapeutics
Authors: Fathi Ezzatollah , Farahzadi Raheleh , Montazersaheb Soheila , Bagheri Yasin 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Epigenetic modification pattern is considered as a characteristic feature in
blood malignancies. Modifications in the DNA methylation modulators are recurrent in lymphoma
and leukemia, so that the distinct methylation pattern defines different types of leukemia. Generally,
the role of epigenetics is less understood, and most investigations are focused on genetic abnormalities
and cytogenic studies to develop novel treatments for patients with hematologic disorders.
Recently, understanding the underlying mechanism of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), especially
epigenetic alterations as a driving force in the development of ALL opens a new era of investigation
for developing promising strategy, beyond available conventional therapy.

Objective:
This review will focus on a better understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms in cancer
development and progression, with an emphasis on epigenetic alterations in ALL including, DNA
methylation, histone modification, and microRNA alterations. Other topics that will be discussed
include the use of epigenetic alterations as a promising therapeutic target in order to develop novel,
well-suited approaches against ALL.

Conclusion:
According to the literature review, leukemogenesis of ALL is extensively influenced
by epigenetic modifications, particularly DNA hyper-methylation, histone modification, and miRNA
alteration.
Curcumin Prevents Neuroinflammation by Inducing Microglia to Transform into the M2-phenotype via CaMKKβ-dependent Activation of the AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Signal Pathway
Authors: Qiao Peifeng , Ma Jingxi , Wang Yangyang , Huang Zhenting , Zou Qian , Cai Zhiyou , Tang Yong 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiological process
of various neurodegenerative diseases. It is well known that curcumin has obvious anti-inflammatory
effects in various neuroinflammation models. However, its effect on the modulation of microglial polarization
is largely unknown.

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate whether curcumin changed microglia to an anti-inflammatory
M2-phenotype by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway.

Methods:
LPS treatment was used to establish BV2 cells and primary microglia neuroinflammation
models. The neuroinflammation mouse model was established by an intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection
of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the lateral septal complex region of the brain. TNF-α was measured
by ELISA, and cell viability was measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). The expression of proinflammatory
and anti-inflammatory cytokines was examined by Q-PCR and Western blot analysis.
Phenotypic polarization of BV2 microglia was detected by immunofluorescence.

Results:
Curcumin enhanced AMPK activation in BV2 microglial cells in the presence and absence of
LPS. Upon LPS stimulation, the addition of curcumin promoted M2 polarization of BV2 cells, as evidenced
by suppressed M1 and the elevated M2 signature protein and gene expression. The effects of
curcumin were inhibited by an AMPK inhibitor or AMPK knockdown. Calmodulin-dependent protein
kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) and liver kinase B1 (LKB1) are upstream kinases that activate AMPK. Curcumin
can activate AMPK in Hela cells, which do not express LKB1. However, both the CaMKKβ inhibitor
and siRNA blocked curcumin activation of AMPK in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. Moreover, the
CaMKKβ inhibitor and siRNA weaken the effect of curcumin suppression on M1 and enhancement of
M2 protein and gene expression in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. Finally, curcumin enhanced AMPK activation
in the brain area where microglia were over-activated upon LPS stimulation in an in vivo neuroinflammation
model. Moreover, curcumin also suppressed M1 and promoted M2 signature protein and
gene expression in this in vivo model.

Conclusion:
Curcumin enhances microglia M2 polarization via the CaMKKβ-dependent AMPK signaling
pathway. Additionally, curcumin treatment was found to be neuroprotective and thus might be considered
as a novel therapeutic agent to treat the neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimer‘s disease,
Parkinson's disease, etc.