bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
КОНДУКТИВНО-КОНВЕКТИВНЫЙ ТЕПЛОПЕРЕНОС В ТОНКОПЛЕНОЧНОЙ ТЕПЛОВОЙ ИЗОЛЯЦИИ
Authors: Половников Вячеслав Юрьевич 
Published: April 2020

Актуальность исследованияобусловлена тем, что тепловая защита оборудования и трубопроводов играет важную роль при проведении энергосберегающих мероприятий на объектах различного назначения, а рост уровня потерь теплоты или холода при транспортировке энергоносителей является причиной создания новых подходов к энергосберегающим мероприятиям при выполнении теплоизоляционных работ. Известно, что основным методом снижения потерь тепловой энергии при ее транспортировке и хранении является применение высокоэффективных теплоизоляционных материалов. Таким материалом является тонкопленочная тепловая изоляция. Уникальные теплофизические характеристики тонкопленочных теплоизоляционных покрытийпозволяют использовать их в различных энергетических системах и оборудовании. Несмотря на это технологии применения тонкопленочных теплоизоляционных покрытий к настоящему моменту времени не получили развития. Это объясняется рядом причин, основными из которых являются: недостаток знаний о физических свойствах и механизмах процессов тепломассопереноса в тонкопленочных теплоизоляционных покрытиях. Цель: исследование кондуктивно-конвективного теплопереноса в слое тонкопленочных теплоизоляционных покрытий с учетом разнородности свойств микросфер и связующих веществ. Объект: цилиндрическийслойтонкопленочных теплоизоляционных покрытий. На внутренней и внешней поверхностях тонкопленочных теплоизоляционных покрытий поддерживаются постоянные температуры. Геометриятонкопленочных теплоизоляционных покрытий представляла собой связующее вещество и полые микросферы. Исследования проводились для слоя тонкопленочных теплоизоляционных покрытий толщиной 0,33 мм. Температуры на внутренней и внешней поверхностях тонкопленочных теплоизоляционных покрытий принималась в соответствии с экспериментальными данными. Предполагалось, что слой тонкопленочных теплоизоляционных покрытий на 62 % состоит из микросфер диаметром 50 мкм и на 38 % из связующего вещества. Рассматривались два типа полых микросфер с толщинами стенок 5 и 2 мкм. Методы. Решение поставленной задачи получено методом конечных элементов. Использовалась аппроксимация Галеркина, неравномерная конечно-элементная сетка. Параметры элементов сетки выбирались из условий сходимости решения. Увеличение числа элементов расчетной сетки проводилось с использованием метода Делоне. Результаты.Выявлено влияние на тепловые потери вида связующего вещества и характеристик микросфер, толщины стенки микросферы и газовой фазы, содержащейся в полости микросферы. Для рассматриваемого случая отклонение от экспериментальных данных составило до 90 % в зависимости от состава тонкопленочных теплоизоляционных покрытий.Анализ результатов численного моделирования теплопереноса в слое тонкопленочных теплоизоляционных покрытий для кондуктивно-конвективной и кондуктивной моделей показал, что расхождение между ними не превышает 3 %и объясняется погрешностями численных расчетов. По этой причине в практических расчетах можно использовать более простую кондуктивную модель теплопереноса.
ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ЭФФЕКТА ХОЛЛА В ЗЕМЛЕ ПРИ ЗОНДИРОВАНИЯХ СТАНОВЛЕНИЕМ ПОЛЯ В БЛИЖНЕЙ ЗОНЕ
Authors: Могилатов Владимир Сергеевич , Потапов Владимир Владимирович , Захаркин Александр Кузьмич , Гурьев Владимир Андреевич , Шеин Александр Николаевич 
Published: April 2020

В период с 8 по 15 июля 2018 года сотрудниками Лаборатории геоэлектрики ИНГГ СО РАНпроводились полевые исследованияв рамках гранта РФФИ № 17-05-00083 А. Исследования направлены на обнаружение и численную оценку эффекта Холла в геологических средах. Этот эффект должен очень слабо проявляться во всех сигналах электромагнитных зондирований. Комплекс электроразведочных методов был выбран в связи с методической эффективностью и относительной простотой выполнения работ.Задачи исследований:выбор участка работ; измерение четырьмя радиальными линиями MN сигналов зондирований становлением в ближней зоне для регистрации компоненты , вызванной эффектом Холла; измерение линией компоненты для контроля измерений. Актуальность исследованияобусловлена в первую очередьтем, что гальваномагнитные эффекты (в т.ч. и эффект Холла), возникающие в скрещенных электрическом и магнитном полях, хорошо известны в физике, но не исследовались применительно к геологической среде – это значит, что данные эффекты пока неучтенным образом влияют на сигналы в геоэлектромагнитных зондированиях. Цель: обнаружение эффекта Холла в геологических средах. Объект: эффект Холла в геологической среде. Методы: зондирование становлением поля в ближней зоне, магнитотеллурическое зондирование. Результаты. Полевые исследования в 2018 г. являются первыми целенаправленными полевыми исследованиями с целью обнаружения эффекта Холла в геологической среде методами электромагнитных зондирований. Цель работ, по мнению самих исследователей, по предварительным данным, достигнута. Получена оценка холловской проводимости ~1–2·10–3 См/м.
Psychometric properties of the North American version of the Flodén ATODAI (Attitudes Toward Organ Donor Advocacy Instrument): a validation study
Authors: Flodén Anne , Stadtler Maria , Collazo Stephanie E Jones , Mone Tom , Ash Rick , Fridlund Bengt 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Intensive and critical-care nurses are the key to successful donor management in the critical-care setting. No studies measuring attitudes toward organ donor advocacy existed before 2011, when the 51-item Swedish “Attitudes Toward Organ Donor Advocacy Scale” was developed. The aim of this study was to translate, adapt and establish the psychometric properties of the North American version of the Flodén ATODAI (Attitudes Toward Organ Donor Advocacy Instrument) in terms of validity and reliability. Methods: A multi-step approach was used: Initial translation; Back-translation; Review and synthesis of these translations; Expert panel (N=7) rated the prefinal version of the instrument for content validity index (CVI); International panel made adjustments guided by the expert panel . Reliability testing with test and retest of the adjusted 46-item version was conducted using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), weighted kappa ( ҡ Weight ), sign test, and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (α), (N=50); and finally Delphi technique procedure with a preselected Delphi panel (N=15). Results: The CVI was determined to be greater than the 0.05 significance level. Item level (I-CVI) ranged 0.82-1.0, with a mean of 0.97. Scale level (S-CVI) on the entire instrument was 0.97. Test-retest procedure was performed to estimate stability. In total, 34 of the items had good-to-high ICC. Accepting an ICC of > 0.70 resulted in a total of 24 items. Homogeneity reliability was estimated by α and was calculated for these items where α=0.90. In total, 20 of the items had a substantial or almost perfect ҡ Weight and 23 showed a moderate ҡ Weight . None of the items showed systematical differences. The Delphi technique procedure was used on the 22 items with ICC <0.70 resulted in adjustments establishing that consensus was achieved. Conclusions: Undertaking this multi-step, cross-cultural adaptation procedure has effectively ensured that the 46-item Flodén ATODAI [North America version] produces valid and reliable measurements.
Comparison of three dimensional reconstruction and conventional computer tomography angiography in patients undergoing zero-ischemia laparoscopic partial nephrectomy
Authors: Wu Xiaorong , Jiang Chen , Wu Guangyu , Shen Chao , Fu Qibo , Chen Yonghui , Liu Dongming , Xue Wei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: With the development of three dimensional (3D) reconstruction and printing technology, it has been widely using in the field of urology. However, there have been few studies reporting the role of 3D reconstruction in zero-ischemia partial nephrectomy (PN). The aim of this study was to assess the role of 3D reconstruction and conventional computer tomography angiography (CTA) in zero-ischemia laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN).Methods: A total of 60 consecutive patients undergoing zero-ischemia LPN between October 2017 and March 2018 who underwent CTA (CTA group including 30 patients) and 3D reconstruction (3D group including the remaining 30 patients) preoperatively were included. 3D reconstruction and CTA images were prepared which were used to demonstrate the number and spatial interrelationships of the location of renal tumors and tumor feeding arteries. These radiological findings were directly correlated with intraoperative surgical findings at laparoscopy. Baseline, perioperative variables and the rate of accurate tumor feeding artery orientation were compared between groups.Results: All LPNs were completed without conversion to renal hilar clamping or open surgery. Preoperative 3D reconstruction identified that 15 patients had only one tumor feeding artery, 12 had two, and another 3 had three, while the conventional CTA revealed that 22 patients had one tumor feeding artery, 8 had two (P>0.05). The mean operation time was shorter and estimated blood loss was less in the 3D group (P<0.05) and the rate of accurate tumor feeding artery dissection was higher in the 3D group (91.7%) in comparison with the CTA group (84.2%). The baseline characteristics and renal function outcomes had no statistical differences between groups. Conclusions: 3D reconstruction can provide comprehensive information for the preoperative evaluation and intraoperative orientation about tumor feeding arteries that may facilitate tumor resection during zero-ischemia LPN for renal tumors.
Molecular surveillance of the Pfmdr1 N86Y allele among Congolese pregnant women with asymptomatic malaria
Authors: Dossou-Yovo Louis Regis , Ntoumi Francine , Koukouikila-Koussounda Felix , Vouvoungui Jeannhey Christevy , Adedoja Ayodele , Nderu David , Velavan Thirumalaisamy P , Lenga Arsene 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Malaria in pregnancy is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality Regular surveillance of artemisinin−based combination therapy tolerance or resistance molecular makers is vital for effective malaria treatment, control and eradication programmes. P. falciparum multiple drug resistance-1 gene (Pfmdr1) N86Y mutation is associated with reduced susceptibility to lumefantrine. This study assessed the prevalence of Pfmdr1 N86Y in Brazzaville, Republic of Congo. Methods: A total 1001 of P. falciparum−infected blood samples obtained from asymptomatic malaria pregnant women having a normal child delivery at the Madibou Integrated Health Center were analysed.Pfmdr1 N86Y genotyping was conducted using PCR-Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Results: The wild type Pfmdr1 N86 allele was predominant (>68 %) in this study whereas a few isolates carrying the either the mutant allele (Pfmdr1 86Y) alone or both alleles (mixed genotype). The dominance of the wildtype allele (pfmdr1 N86) indicates the plausible decline P. falciparum susceptibility to lumefantrine. Conclusion: This study gives an update on the prevalence of Pfmdr1 N86Y alleles in Brazzaville, Republic of Congo. It also raises concern on the imminent emergence of resistance against artemether−lumefantrine in this setting. Our study underscores the importance to regular artemether−lumefantrine efficacy monitoring to inform malaria control programme of the Republic of Congo.
Community based programs to improve the oral health of Australian Indigenous adolescents: A systematic review and recommendations to guide future strategies.
Authors: Gwynn Josephine , Skinner John , Dimitropoulos Yvonne , Masoe Angela , Rambaldini Boe , Christie Vita , Sohn Woosung , Gwynne Kylie 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: To review the international literature on community-based interventions aiming to improve the oral health of Indigenous adolescents and identify which demonstrate a positive impact.Methods: Data sources were MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, the COCHRANE library and the Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet. Articles were included where they: were published in English from 1990 onwards; described oral health outcomes for Indigenous adolescents aged 10 to 19 years; implemented a community based oral health intervention. The Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies from the Effective Public Health Practice Project was applied.Results: Nine studies met inclusion criteria; two rated strong in quality; only one study was conducted with an urban community; five reported moderate community engagement. Five intervention strategies were identified, and schools were the most common setting reported. Statistically significant improvements were described in eight studies with the most frequently reported outcome being change in decayed missing or filled teeth.Conclusions: Few good quality peer reviewed international studies of community-based oral health interventions which address the needs of Indigenous adolescents exist. Studies must include strong Indigenous community leadership and governance at all stages of the research, adopt participatory action-based research approaches, and are required in urban communities.
Prefilled pen versus prefilled syringe: a pilot study evaluating two different methods of methotrexate subcutaneous injection in patients with JIA
Authors: Roszkiewicz Justyna , Swacha Zbigniew , Smolewska Elzbieta 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Methotrexate is the most commonly used disease-modifying antirheumatic drug recommended in the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. It can be administered orally or subcutaneously, the latter method is associated with fewer side effects and higher drug bioavailability. Nevertheless, the pain associated with injection is a considerable drawback of this treatment option in the pediatric population. Currently, there are two single-use subcutaneous injection devices available: the prefilled syringe and the prefilled pen. This prospective, two-sequence crossover study aimed to compare ease of use, frequency of therapy side effects, injection-site pain and parent/patient preference of those methotrexate parenteral delivery systems.METHODS: 23 patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, already treated with subcutaneous methotrexate in the form of prefilled syringe in the period October 2018 – April 2019 completed a questionnaire evaluating their experience with this device. Subsequently, children received a one-month supply of pen autoinjector and completed the same questionnaire, regarding their experience with the new methotrexate delivery system. If the patient was not performing the injections himself the questionnaires were completed by the caregiver administrating MTX. The results obtained in both questionnaires were compared using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test.RESULTS: 82,6% patients and their caregivers voted for the prefilled pen as their preferred method of subcutaneous methotrexate administration. Moreover, the injection with the prefilled pen was reported as less painful in comparison to the prefilled syringe (p<0.01). Side effects of methotrexate were less pronounced after the prefilled pen treatment, this difference was most prominent regarding gastrointestinal adverse events associated with the injection (p<0.01).CONCLUSION: Administration of methotrexate using the pen device is a promising way of subcutaneous methotrexate delivery in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, as the injection is less painful and associated with fewer side effects.
Young Medical Doctors’ Perspectives on Professionalism: A Qualitative Study Conducted in Public Hospitals in Pakistan
Authors: Jalil Aisha , Mehmood Qaisar Khalid , Fischer Florian 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Professionalism is amongst the major dimensions indicating the competence of medical doctors. A low professionalism affects the overall outcome of healthcare services. This study explores the perspectives of young medical doctors on professionalism in Pakistan.Methods: A qualitative study based on in-depth interviews was conducted with 60 young medical doctors, aged less than 40 years, who studied medicine in Pakistani universities, were Pakistani nationals, and were employed at various hierarchal levels from house officer to consultant specialist in public tertiary hospitals in Pakistan. The respondents were identified through a multistage maximum heterogeneity sampling strategy. A semi-structured interview guide was developed based on a previous extensive literature review. Written consent was obtained from the hospitals and study participants. Qualitative thematic analysis was applied to analyse the data. Results: The data analysis revealed a rigidity of opinions, inflexibility blocking the acceptance of contrasting perspectives, and perceived superiority over all other professions and over patients. The belief that patients know nothing was common among all participants. Similarly, doctors believed that there is no need to include a professionalism and humanity course in the medical school curriculum. The majority of respondents thought that social science topics are irrelevant to medicine and are common-sense things that they already know. The doctors recognised high professionalism in themselves, while reporting unprofessional behaviour demonstrated by their colleagues. The reported characteristics include using social media applications during duty hours, ridiculing patients, substance use such as cigarettes in the office, referrals of complicated cases to other hospitals, freeing up beds before holidays and inappropriate salaries. Conclusions: Findings implied low medical professionalism among young doctors. This should be immediately addressed by policymakers. Lack of training about professionalism, ethics and humanity in healthcare service delivery, and a lack of performance monitoring and evaluation mechanisms at public hospitals are the major factors contributing to this substandard medical practice. There is a need to revisit the curriculum taught to medical students in order to strengthen professionalism. It is important to improve the skills of being ‘teachable’ and to provide acceptance of other viewpoints in cases where interprofessional collaborations are to be established by medical doctors.
Involvement of the pulmonary arteries in patients with Takayasu arteritis: a prospective study from a single center in China
Authors: Kong Xiufang , Ma Lili , Lv Peng , Cui Xiaomeng , Chen Rongyi , Ji Zongfei , Chen Huiyong , Lin Jiang , Jiang Lindi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a large-vessel vasculitis that can involve pulmonary arteries (PAs). We studied multiple clinical characteristics related to pulmonary artery involvement (PAI) in TA patients.
Methods: We enrolled 216 patients with TA from a large prospective cohort. PAI was assessed in each patient based on data from magnetic resonance angiography/computed tomography angiography. Pulmonary hypertension, cardiac function, and pulmonary parenchymal lesions were evaluated further in patients with PAI based on echocardiography, New York Heart Association Functional Classification and pulmonary computed tomography, respectively. These abnormalities related to PAI were followed up to evaluate treatment effects.
Results: PAI was detected in 56/216 (25.93%) patients, which involved the pulmonary trunk, main PAs and small vessels in the lungs. Among patients with PAI, 28 (50%) patients were accompanied by pulmonary hypertension, which was graded as ‘severe’ in 9 (16.07%), ‘moderate’ in 10 (17.86%) and mild in 9 (16.07%). Twenty-six patients (46.43%) patients showed advanced NYHA function (III: 20, 35.71%; IV: 6, 10.71%). Furthermore, 21 (37.50%) patients presented with abnormal pulmonary parenchymal lesions in the area corresponding to PAI (e.g., the mosaic sign, infarction, bronchiectasis). During follow-up, two patients died due to heart failure and pulmonary thrombosis. In the remaining patients, the abnormalities mentioned above improved partially after routine treatment.
Conclusions: PAI is common in TA patients. PAI can cause pulmonary hypertension, cardiac insufficiency and pulmonary parenchymal lesions, which worsen patients’ prognosis.
Favorable efficacy of rituximab in ANCA-associated vasculitis patients with excessive B cell differentiation
Authors: Miyazaki Yusuke , Nakayamada Shingo , Kubo Satoshi , Ishikawa Yuichi , Yoshikawa Maiko , Sakata Kei , Iwata Shigeru , Miyagawa Ippei , Nakano Kazuhisa , Tanaka Yoshiya 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objectives: B-cell depletion by rituximab (RTX) is an effective treatment for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). However, peripheral B cell phenotypes and the selection criteria for RTX therapy in AAV remain unclear.Methods: Phenotypic characterization of circulating B cells was performed by 8-color flow cytometric analysis in 54 newly diagnosed AAV patients (20 granulomatosis with polyangiitis and 34 microscopic polyangiitis). Patients were considered eligible to receive intravenous cyclophosphamide pulse (IV-CY) or RTX. All patients also received high-dose glucocorticoids (GC). We assessed circulating B cell phenotypes and evaluated the efficacy after 6 months of treatment. Results: There were no significant differences in the rate of clinical improvement, relapses, or serious adverse events between patients receiving RTX and IV-CY. The rate of Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS)-improvement at 6 months tended to be higher in the RTX group than in the IV-CY group. The proportion of effector or class-switched memory B cells increased in 24 out of 54 patients (44%). The proportions of peripheral T and B cell phenotypes did not correlate with BVAS at baseline. However, among peripheral B cells, the proportion of class-switched memory B cells negatively correlated with the rate of improvement in BVAS at 6 months after treatment initiation (r = -0.28, p = 0.04). Patients with excessive B cell differentiation were defined as those in whom the proportion of class-switched memory B cells or IgD-CD27- B cells among all B cells was >2 SDs higher than the mean in the HCs. The rate of BVAS-remission in patients with excessive B cell differentiation was significantly lower than that in patients without. In patients with excessive B cell differentiation, the survival rate, the rate of BVAS-remission, and dose reduction of GC were significantly improved in the RTX group compared to those in the IV-CY group after 6 months of treatment. Conclusions: The presence of excessive B cell differentiation was associated with treatment resistance. However, in patients with circulating B cell abnormality, RTX was effective and increased survival compared to IV-CY. The results suggest that multi-color flow cytometry may be useful to determine the selection criteria for RTX therapy in AAV patients. (349/350 words)