bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NICANDER'S JAUNDICE
Authors: Bone Phillip 
Published: December 2020

At Alexipharmaca 472–5, Nicander compares the sea hare to the cuttlefish and describes the latter's defensive mechanism of ink emission before turning to a symptom of sea hare poisoning, a change of skin colour:οἷά τε σηπιάδος φυξήλιδος ἥ τε μελαίνειοἶδμα χολῇ δολόεντα μαθοῦσ’ ἀγρώστορος ὁρμήν.τῶν ἤτοι ζοφόεις μὲν ἐπὶ χλόος ἔδραμε γυίοιςἰκτερόεις […][the sea hare also resembles] the cowardly cuttlefish, which blackens the swell with its bile upon learning of the fisherman's crafty attack. A dark green, indeed, runs over the limbs of [those who ingest sea hare], similar to that of jaundice.
Waterlogging tolerance of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) at germination related to country of origin
Authors: Wiraguna Edi , Malik Al Imran , Colmer Timothy David , Erskine William 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGrass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) has a Mediterranean origin and was spread to Western Europe, Africa and South Asia. Over time, this grain legume crop has become important in South Asia, where it is often affected by waterlogging at germination. Therefore, varieties with waterlogging tolerance of seeds at germination are needed. This study evaluated waterlogging tolerance in a grass pea diversity panel. First, morpho-agronomic traits of 53 grass pea genotypes from 7 diverse countries (Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, Cyprus, Ethiopia, Greece and Pakistan) were measured in a glasshouse. Seeds of the collection were then sown into waterlogged soil for 6 days and is subsequently drained for 8 days. Finally, representative genotypes from each country of origin of the three survival patterns (described below) were then tested to identify the effect of seed priming on germination and seedling growth in waterlogged soil. Canonical analysis of six traits (seed weight, pod length, pod width, flowering time, time to maturity and seedling survival) showed that genotypes from Bangladesh and Ethiopia were similar. There was a significant variation amongst genotypes in waterlogging tolerance. Genotypes from Bangladesh and Ethiopia showed the highest percent seedling survival (54% and 47%), with an ability to germinate under waterlogging and then maintain growth from the first day of draining to the final sampling (Pattern 1). In contrast, genotypes from other origins either germinated during waterlogging, but did not survive during drainage (Pattern 2) or failed to germinate and had low seedling survival during waterlogging and drainage (Pattern 3). Priming seeds reduced seedling survival in grass pea. Despite Mediterranean origin, specific ecotypes of grass pea with greater waterlogging tolerance under warm wet conditions have been favoured in Bangladesh and Ethiopia where adaptation to extreme precipitation events at germination and seedling survival upon soil drainage is critical for successful crops.
Species composition and habitat preferences of benthic ostracod and foraminifera in seagrass and non-seagrass systems within a tropical estuary
Authors: Raynusha Chandran , Rozaimi Mohammad , Omar Ramlan , Faiz Noraswana Nor , Hesan Nur Munirah , Hanis Syarifah Nor , Abdullah Siti Aisyah , Izzati Eizyan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOstracods and foraminifera are excellent indicators of environmental change and can act as proxies for the presence of seagrass meadows. These proxies have been under-utilized in vulnerable coastal ecosystems in South-east Asia, and the fundamental habitat and environmental parameters required for such application in environmental monitoring have not yet been established. We investigated the habitat preferences of ostracods and foraminiferal species in seagrass and non-seagrass habitats within Sungai Pulai Estuary (Johor, Malaysia), a system currently undergoing major coastal changes. Samples consisted of surficial and downcore sediments collected from two seagrass meadows and a non-seagrass habitat. Multivariate analysis determined the variations in spatial and depth distribution of the meiofauna. Species dominance, abundance and distribution varied between sites, whereas diversity and community structure varied with sediment depth. We found fewer ostracod individuals (N = 1133) than foraminifera (N = 7242). Ostracods were more species-diverse (H′ = 3.34) in the non-vegetated area compared with seagrass areas (H′ = 2.74), whereas foraminifera species were most diverse (H′ = 3.60) in seagrass areas. Opportunistic species, such as Loxoconcha lilljeborgii, Asterorotalia pulchella, Murrayinella globosa, Ammonia tepida and Elphidium neosimplex dominated the meiofaunal assemblages. The presence of Nummulitidae and Paracyprididae in downcore samples provided information related to rare species and families. Salinity, organic matter and percentage of sand explained much of the meiofaunal distribution. Our findings provide new insight into the factors influencing the presence and distribution of ostracods and foraminifera in the estuary, comprising baseline information for understanding the vulnerability of such habitats to anthropogenic changes.
Downward transfer of support and care: understanding the cultural lag in rural China
Authors: Qiu F. X. , Zhan H. J. , Liu J. , Barrett P. M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Chinese culture of filial piety has historically emphasised children's responsibility for their ageing parents. Little is understood regarding the inverse: parents’ responsibility and care for their adult children. This paper uses interviews with 50 families living in rural China's Anhui Province to understand intergenerational support in rural China. Findings indicate that parents in rural China take on large financial burdens in order to sustain patrilineal traditions by providing housing and child care for their adult sons. These expectations lead some rural elders to become migrant workers in order to support their adult sons while others provide live-in grandchild-care, moving into their children's urban homes or bringing grandchildren into their own homes. As the oldest rural generations begin to require ageing care of their own, migrant children are unable to provide the sustained care and support expected within the cultural tradition of xiao. This paper adds to the small body of literature that examines the downward transfer of support from parents to their adult children in rural China. The authors argue that there is an emerging cultural rupture in the practice of filial piety – while the older generation is fulfilling their obligations of upbringing and paying for adult children's housing and child care; these adult children are not necessarily available or committed to the return of care for their ageing parents. The authors reveal cultural and structural lags that leave millions of rural ageing adults vulnerable in the process of urbanisation in rural China.
Qualitative comparative analysis of health economic evaluation guidelines for health technology assessment in European countries
Authors: Zisis Konstantinos , Naoum Panagiota , Athanasakis Kostas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objective
To classify, analyze, and compare published guidelines for economic evaluation within health technology assessment (HTA) in European countries and highlight differences and similarities.

Methods
We performed a literature review to identify published guidance for the conduct and assessment of economic evaluation studies that are undertaken within the context of HTA processes in European countries. Organizations and working groups were identified via the ISPOR, INAHTA, and EUnetHTA databases. Following the identification of official documents, we performed a qualitative content analysis to highlight discrepancies or common practices under the following categories: comparator, perspective on costs/benefits, time horizon, economic evaluation method, instrument used for utility measurement, outcome measure, source for efficacy, modeling, sensitivity analysis, discounting, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.

Results
A total of nineteen guidance documents were identified (in English) providing data for the analysis in nineteen countries. The comparative content analysis identified common practices in most countries regarding the approaches to the choice of comparator, source of data, the preferred economic evaluation method, the option for a lifetime analytical horizon, discounting, and the choice of key outcome measure—for which, most countries recommend the use of the EQ-5D instrument. Differences were mainly found in the choice of perspective, dealing with uncertainty and sensitivity analysis, the use of end points, and the required use of modeling.

Conclusions
The use of economic evaluation constitutes one of the key pillars of the HTA process in Europe. Although a methodological convergence has occurred during the last few years, notable differences still remain.
‘Evidence for waterborne origin of an extended mixed gastroenteritis outbreak in a town in Northern Greece, 2019’
Authors: Tzani M. , Mellou K. , Kyritsi M. , Kolokythopoulou F. , Vontas A. , Sideroglou T. , Chrysostomou A. , Mandilara G. D. , Tryfinopoulou K. , Georgakopoulou T. , Hadjichristodoulou C. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We investigated a large gastroenteritis outbreak that occurred in Northern Greece in 2019. A case was defined as anyone presenting with diarrhoea and/or vomiting from 24 January 2019 to 04 February 2019. We conducted a case-control study (CCS) using random selection of participants >16 years of age, residents of town X, who visited the health care centre between 25 and 28 January 2019. Moreover, we conducted a retrospective cohort study (CS) at the four elementary schools of the town. We collected clinical and water samples and the water supply system was inspected. In total, we recorded 638 cases (53% female; median age was 44 years (range 0–93)). Forty-eight cases and 52 controls participated in the CCS and 236 students in the CS. Both CCS and CS indicated tap water as the most likely source (OR 10, 95% CI 2.09–93.4, explaining 95.7% of cases; RR = 2.22, 95% CI 1.42–3.46, respectively). More than one pathogen was detected from stool samples of 6 of the 11 cases tested (norovirus, Campylobacter jejuni, Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) and Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)). Water samples, collected after ad-hoc chlorination, tested negative. Technical failures of the water tanks' status were identified. Our results suggested a waterborne outbreak. We recommended regular monitoring of the water supply system and immediate repair of technical failures.
The effect of Celiac disease on cardiac functions and aortic elasticity parameters in children
Authors: Alkan Fatos , Dogan Guzide , Kasırga Erhun , Coskun Senol 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAim:We aimed to investigate the effect of Celiac disease on myocardial functions and aortic elasticity parameters.Materials and Methods:Thirty children with Celiac disease and 30 healthy children were enrolled in the study. Both the groups were similar in terms of age and gender. Cardiac functions of all children in the patients and control group were evaluated using conventional transthoracic echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging. Aortic strain, distensibility, and stiffness index were calculated by M-mode echocardiography.Results:The demographic findings, height, weight, and body mass index of cases were similar among two groups. No statistical difference was found between E wave velocity for conventional transthoracic echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging measurements of the mitral valve; early diastolic flow peak velocity, A wave velocity; late diastolic flow peak velocity; and E/A ratio. Isovolumetric relaxation time and isovolumetric contraction time ratios were statistically different between the groups (p = 0.000, p = 0.000, p = 0.000). The myocardial performance index calculated according to the pulse Doppler measurement results was found to be statistically different between the groups (p = 0.000). There was no statistical difference between the groups in terms of aortic strain, distensibility, and stiffness index.Conclusion:In this study, both conventional transthoracic echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging revealed the affection of the myocardial functions during systole and diastole in children with Celiac disease. Therefore, early follow-up and routine cardiac evaluation of celiac patients may be appropriate due to the increased risk of cardiac affection.
A New Spin on Spatial Cognition in ADHD: A Diffusion Model Decomposition of Mental Rotation
Authors: Feldman Jason S. , Huang-Pollock Cynthia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectives:Multiple studies have found evidence of task non-specific slow drift rate in ADHD, and slow drift rate has rapidly become one of the most visible cognitive hallmarks of the disorder. In this study, we use the diffusion model to determine whether atypicalities in visuospatial cognitive processing exist independently of slow drift rate.Methods:Eight- to twelve-year-old children with (n= 207) and without ADHD (n= 99) completed a 144-trial mental rotation task.Results:Performance of children with ADHD was less accurate and more variable than non-ADHD controls, but there were no group differences in mean response time. Drift rate was slower, but nondecision time was faster for children with ADHD. A Rotation × ADHD interaction for boundary separation was also found in which children with ADHD did not strategically adjust their response thresholds to the same degree as non-ADHD controls. However, the Rotation × ADHD interaction was not significant for nondecision time, which would have been the primary indicator of a specific deficit in mental rotationper se.Conclusions:Poorer performance on the mental rotation task was due to slow rate of evidence accumulation, as well as relative inflexibility in adjusting boundary separation, but not to impaired visuospatial processing specifically. We discuss the implications of these findings for future cognitive research in ADHD.
Divergence point analyses of visual world data: applications to bilingual research
Authors: Stone Kate , Lago Sol , Schad Daniel J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMuch work has shown that differences in the timecourse of language processing are central to comparing native (L1) and non-native (L2) speakers. However, estimating the onset of experimental effects in timecourse data presents several statistical problems including multiple comparisons and autocorrelation. We compare several approaches to tackling these problems and illustrate them using an L1-L2 visual world eye-tracking dataset. We then present a bootstrapping procedure that allows not only estimation of an effect onset, but also of a temporal confidence interval around this divergence point. We describe how divergence points can be used to demonstrate timecourse differences between speaker groups or between experimental manipulations, two important issues in evaluating L2 processing accounts. We discuss possible extensions of the bootstrapping procedure, including determining divergence points for individual speakers and correlating them with individual factors like L2 exposure and proficiency. Data and an analysis tutorial are available athttps://osf.io/exbmk/.
Delivery of the National Child Measurement Programme in England
Authors: Čadek Martin , Flint Stuart W , Tench Ralph 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjective:The National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP) is a mandatory initiative delivered in England to children in Reception and Year 6. To date, no research has explored the methods used to deliver the NCMP by Local Government Authorities (LGA) across England.Design:An online survey was administered between February 2018 and May 2018 to explore the delivery of the NCMP across the 152 LGA in England and disseminated using non-probability convenience sampling.Setting:LGA received an anonymous link to the survey.Participants:A total of 92 LGA participated in the survey.Results:Most LGA who responded provide result feedback (86 %), a proactive follow-up (71 %) and referrals to services (80 %). Additionally, 65 % of the authorities tailor Public Health England specimen result letters to suit their needs, and 84 % provide attachments alongside. Out of 71 % of LGA who provide proactive follow-up, 19 (29 %) provide the proactive follow-up only to upper weight categories and only 4 (6 %) include Healthy Weight category with other categories in proactive follow-up. Regarding the service availability for children, out of 80 % of LGA who indicated that services are available, 32 (43 %) targeted solely upper weight categories, while the other 42 (57 %) offered services across all weight categories. Finally, most LGA (88 %) commission providers to manage various parts of the NCMP.Conclusions:The results show that LGA in England localise the NCMP. Further guidance regarding standards of best practice would help LGA to find the most suitable localisation out of various options that exist across other LGA.
On money as a conventional sign: revisiting Aristotle's conception of money
Authors: Crespo Ricardo F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRegardless of the historical evolution of money, some passages of Aristotle's works shed light on its meaning and nature. This paper will attentively consider these passages. The first section presents Aristotle's thoughts on money. While the second section analyses money as a unit of measurement, the third section deals with its conventional nature, and the fourth draws from the theories of signs elaborated by John Poinsot and Charles Peirce to expand the explanation of the nature of money as a sign. The conclusion considers three levels of consideration of money based on Aristotle's thoughts: (1) universal abstract money, (2) instantiated in specific currencies, and (3) the actualization of their properties and potentialities in actual economic dealings.
A case study investigation of student perceptions of women as seen in theCambridge Latin Coursein a selective girls grammar school
Authors: Amos Emily 
Published: December 2020

‘In 1986 we should no longer settle for books that present women as almost invisible entities.’(Charlayne Allan, 1986, p.6).Charlayne Allan's conclusion in her 1986 work, ‘Images of Women’ calls for a transformation in the inclusion and presentation of women in Classics educational materials. However, 33 years later, the presentation of women in educational textbooks remains a prevalent issue in many countries today with slow progress being made (BBC, 2017). The discipline of Classics has been criticised for being particularly slow in addressing the issue of gender bias in textbooks, both ensuring that there is a female voice in educational materials and also responding to female scholarship (Churchill, 2006, p.86). There has been some criticism of the popular and widely-usedCambridge Latin Coursewith the suggestion that ancient women are not equally or fairly represented through the characters and storylines used in the textbooks (Churchill, 2006; Upchurch, 2013). The course was first written in the 1970s and so, perhaps understandably, lacks strong female characters which might suit the engagement of students of the modern world. One solution which has been proposed by the critics mentioned above is the re-designing of the course with a more equal gender balance. However, I am unsure as to whether this is the best way forward. The re-designing of an entire textbook course (and all its online resources, etc.) is a complex undertaking, especially as theCLChas been carefully constructed around a continuous storyline. The creation of female characters, who would have arealsignificance to students’ learning and understanding of the Roman world, cannot simply be added into the stories without significantly changing the course (Joffe, 2019). Moreover, the way in which women are depicted in theCLCshould not merely be a numerical matter. Consideration of how best to accurately present and teach students about the experiences of women in the Roman world, bearing in mind the Roman patriarchal way of thinking, could be endangered to achieve a mathematical solution for gender balance. The success of theCLCis largely down to its popular storylines and characters and so, for the purposes of my research, I will focus on the balance between the importance of an engaging storyline and at the same time, ensuring that the lives of ancient women are accurately presented through the female characters.
Multispecies sustainability
Authors: Rupprecht Christoph D. D. , Vervoort Joost , Berthelsen Chris , Mangnus Astrid , Osborne Natalie , Thompson Kyle , Urushima Andrea Y. F. , Kóvskaya Maya , Spiegelberg Maximilian , Cristiano Silvio , Springett Jay , Marschütz Benedikt , Flies Emily J. , McGreevy Steven R. , Droz Laÿna , Breed Martin F. , Gan Jingchao , Shinkai Rika , Kawai Ayako 
Published: December 2020

Non-technical summaryThe sustainability concept seeks to balance how present and future generations of humans meet their needs. But because nature is viewed only as a resource, sustainability fails to recognize that humans and other living beings depend on each other for their well-being. We therefore argue that true sustainability can only be achieved if the interdependent needs of all species of current and future generations are met, and propose calling this ‘multispecies sustainability’. We explore the concept through visualizations and scenarios, then consider how it might be applied through case studies involving bees and healthy green spaces.
Emergence pattern of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) influenced by tillage timings and residual herbicides
Authors: Chahal Parminder S. , Barnes Ethann R. , Jhala Amit J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe evolution of multiple herbicide-resistant weeds, including Palmer amaranth, has necessitated the implementation of an integrated weed management (IWM) program. Understanding weed emergence patterns is critical for developing effective IWM strategies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of tillage timings and residual herbicides on cumulative emergence and emergence pattern of Palmer amaranth. Field experiments were conducted in 2015 and 2016 in a field naturally infested with photosystem (PS) II and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor-resistant Palmer amaranth near Shickley, Nebraska, in a bare ground study, with no crop planted in the plots, although residues from the preceding corn crop were present on the soil surface. Treatments consisted of shallow tillage timings (early, mid, and late), three premix corn or soybean residual herbicides, and a nontreated control. The Weibull function was fitted to cumulative Palmer amaranth emergence with day of year (DOY) and thermal time (TT) as independent variables. Year by treatment interaction was significant for time to 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 90% Palmer amaranth emergence and cumulative emergence. The majority of Palmer amaranth seedlings emerged early, following early tillage with 90% cumulative emergence occurring on DOY 172 compared with DOY 210 to 212 for mid- and late-tillage, and DOY 194 for the nontreated control in 2015. In 2016, 90% of cumulative emergence following early-, mid-, and late-tillage (DOYs 201 to 211) were similar, and that of the nontreated control (DOY 188) was similar to that of early tillage. Nontreated control and PRE herbicide treatments had similar DOY values for 90% emergence in both years. The number of emerged Palmer amaranth seedlings over the season was higher with shallow tillage than no tillage or with the use of PRE herbicides.