bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying Community Physical Activity and Health Resources by Utilizing Members of a Physical Activity Network
Authors: Sedney Cara L. , Haggerty Treah , Zizzi Sam , Dekeseredy Patricia 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Back pain is one of the leading causes of health care expenditure in the US and is linked to an increased body mass index. Many evidence-based modalities for the prevention and treatment of back pain closely mirror recommendations for weight loss and include physical activity and health maintenance activities (PAHM). Collaboration was sought with the West Virginia Physical Activity Network (WVPAN) leadership to ascertain community assets, and perceptions of the use of PAHM in the treatment of back pain by WVPAN members. Methods: Participants for the study were recruited from the West Virginia Physical Activity Network. This grassroots organization is filled with volunteers from various sectors who have either signed up via email or liked the WVPAN Facebook page. This network was purposely selected as the study population because of the statewide reach and their familiarity with resources in their local communities. A brief survey instrument was designed to gather their scaled perceptions about various treatment modalities related to back pain, and to gather their local knowledge related to specific providers in their communities. In addition, participants were given a free text box to list any local assets or resources for the nine treatments listed, and county of residence, and the nature of their connection to the physical activity network. Descriptive analyses were used to describe overall patterns of survey data. The qualitative data were compiled manually by the research team to show themes of specific treatments mentioned across different parts of the state. Results: Participants overwhelmingly supported physical therapy, flexibility training, yoga, and core strengthening as treatments for back pain. The majority of respondents were “undecided” about other treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapies and acupuncture. Conclusions: The implementation of PAHM interventions in communities could help treat patients with back pain, and may reduce reliance on the pharmacological treatment for back pain. The current study’s data support the potential of such approaches in many West Virginia counties. Also, local resources, and context can be gleaned from community leader surveys utilizing previously developed infrastructure for PAHM promotion.
Substances use and its association with sociodemographic, family and environment-related factors among technical and vocational education and training college students in Ataye, Ethiopia, 2019. Institution based cross sectional study
Authors: wubetu abate dargie , Getachew Sintayehu , Negash Wassie 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Legal substances use is prevalent in Ethiopia. Substance use can have several health problems that are potentially harmful in educational performance, social issues, psychological and physical wellbeing. This study aimed to know prevalence of lifetime and last month substances use and its associated factors among technical and vocational education and training College students in Ataye town. Methods: an institution based cross-sectional study conducted from 1 March to last May 2019. Participants selected by using simple random sampling technique. Chi-square with its p-value used to identify correlates for each legal/illegal substance use. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis performed to identify associated factors. Backward logistic regression method used. Odds ratio with their 95% confidence interval, and p value less than 0.05 used to declare the statistical significance of associated factors. Results: Four hundred eighty three individuals participated in the study, which was a response rate of 94%. The prevalence of lifetime legal substances use was 32.5% (95% CI: 28.2, 36.5). The prevalence of last month's legal substances use was 21.9% (95% CI= 18.2, 25.5). Among lifetime legal substance users, the majority (25.5%) chewed khat. The others, (19.5%) drunk alcohol, and, 15.3% smoked cigarette in lifetime. Lifetime cannabis and cocaine users were 2.5%, and 7.2% respectively. Among last month's legal substance users, (21.9%) chewed khat followed by alcohol drinking (16.6%), and cigarette smoking (15.3%). In the last month, 1.2% and 3.3% of students used cannabis and cocaine respectively. Multivariate logistic regression showed that, being male, having divorced family, living greater than twenty years in the town, having substance user family member, having intimate friend substance user, and easily availability of substances were independent predictors of lifetime legal substances use.Conclusions: The prevalence of last month and lifetime legal substance use at Ataye Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) college students were analogous with most studies done in Ethiopia. Cannabis and cocaine are illegal drugs in Ethiopia. Nevertheless, the reported proportion of these illegal drug uses informs us there may not be under reporting of legal substances use. It is advisable if furthers emphasis is given for TVET students with the predictor variables.
MicroRNA-182-5p protects human lens epithelial cells against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by inhibiting NOX4 and p38 MAPK signalling
Authors: Li Zhao-Na , Ge Ming-Xu , Yuan Zhong-Fang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are abnormally expressed in various ocular diseases, including age-related cataract. However, the role of miR-182-5p in the progression of age-related cataract remains unclear.Methods: The expression of miR-182-5p in HLE-B3 cells was detected by qRT-PCR. HLE-B3 cells were transfected with miR-182-5p mimics. CCK-8, EdU, flow cytometry, 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, JC-1 kit, and western blot were used to assess the cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and protein expression, respectively, in vitro. The relationship between miR-182-5p and NOX4 was confirmed using the dual-luciferase reporter gene analysis.Results: We found that miR-182-5p expression was significantly decreased by the H2O2 exposure. Overexpression of miR-182-5p promoted cell proliferation and inhibited ROS production and apoptosis in H2O2-induced HLE-B3 cells. Moreover, p-p-38, p-ERK, and p-JNK were up-regulated in H2O2-treated HLE-B3 cells, and overexpression of miR-182-5p reversed the effects of H2O2 on HLE-B3 cells. In addition, dual-luciferase reporter assay substantiated that NOX4 was a direct target and downregulated by miR-182-5p.Conclusions: We concluded that miR-182-5p inhibited lens epithelial cells apoptosis through regulating NOX4 and p38 MAPK signaling, providing a novel biomarker for treatment of age-related cataract.
Smokers who have not tried alternative nicotine products: a 2019 survey of adults in Great Britain
Authors: Simonavicius Erikas , McNeill Ann , Cheeseman Hazel , Arnott Deborah , Brose Leonie S. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Aims: Switching from smoking to using nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), electronic cigarettes (e‑cigarettes) or heated tobacco products can reduce tobacco-related health risks. However, not all smokers in Great Britain have tried these products. This study aimed to identify and describe smokers who have never tried alternative nicotine products.Methods: We analysed cross-sectional survey data of smokers (n=1777) from a representative adult sample from Great Britain. The online survey was run in March 2019. The proportion of smokers who had never used alternative nicotine products was measured. A multivariate logistic regression assessed the association between never having used alternative nicotine products and sociodemographic and smoking characteristics and motivation to stop smoking.Results: One in four smokers (27.8%, 95% CI: 25.8%–29.9%) had never tried NRT, e-cigarettes or heated tobacco products. These smokers were more commonly from Black and Minority than White ethnic groups (AOR=1.55; 95% CI: 1.02–2.31), were more likely to smoke up to 10 versus more cigarettes per day (AOR=1.52; 95% CI: 1.14–2.03) and to report low versus moderate or high motivation to stop smoking (AOR=1.79; 95% CI: 1.20–2.74).Conclusion: Light smokers, those unmotivated to stop and smokers from Black and Minority ethnic groups are less likely to have ever tried alternative nicotine products. Different approaches are needed to facilitate harm reduction and smoking cessation among these groups of smokers.
A qualitative investigation of lived experiences of long-term health condition management with people who are food insecure
Authors: Douglas Flora , MacIver Emma , Yuill Chris 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background As more people are living with one or more chronic health conditions, supporting patients to become activated, self-managers of their conditions has become a key health policy focus both in the UK and internationally. There is also growing evidence in the UK that those with long term health conditions have an increased risk of being food insecure. While international evidence indicates that food insecurity adversely affects individual’s health condition management capability, little is known about how those so affected manage their condition(s) in this context. An investigation of lived experience of health condition management was undertaken with food insecure people living in north east Scotland. The study aimed to explore the challenges facing food insecure people in terms of, i. their self-care condition management practices, and ii. disclosing and discussing the experience of managing their condition with a health care professional, and iii. notions of the support they might wish to receive from them. Methods Twenty in-depth interviews were conducted with individuals attending a food bank and food pantry in north east Scotland. Interview audio recordings were fully transcribed and thematically analysed.Results Individuals reporting multiple physical and mental health conditions, took part in the study. Four main themes were identified i.e.: 1. food practices, trade-offs and compromises, that relate to economic constraints and lack of choice; 2. illness experiences and food as they relate to physical and mental ill-health; 3. (in)visibility of participants’ economic vulnerability within health care consultations; and 4. perceptions and expectations of the health care system.Conclusions This study, the first of its kind in the UK, indicated that participants’ health condition management aspirations were undermined by the experience of food insecurity, and that their health care consultations in were, on the whole, devoid of discussions of those challenges. As such, the study indicated practical and ethical implications for health care policy, practice and research associated with the risk of intervention-generated health inequalities that were suggested by this study. Better understanding is needed about the impact of household food insecurity on existing ill health, wellbeing and health care use across the UK.
Contemporary management of brain arteriovenous malformations in mainland China: a web-based nationwide questionnaire survey
Authors: Yu Chen , Meng Xiangyu , Ma Li , Zhao Yang , Gu Ye , Jin Hengwei , Gao Dezhi , Li Youxiang , Sun Shibin , Liu Ali , Zhao Yuanli , Chen Xiaolin , Wang Shuo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: In the benefit of the large population and rapid economic growth, the interventional techniques and equipment for brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) in mainland China have been rapidly improved. Chinese neurosurgical cerebrovascular physicians have accumulated rich experience and made pioneering explorations. This study aims to summarize the experience and treatment progress of bAVMs in mainland China.Methods: We performed a web-based nationwide questionnaire survey among 67 tertiary neurosurgical institutions that had acknowledged treating bAVMs in the primary survey. Our questionnaire included clinical characteristics, radiological findings, intervention indications/contraindications, intervention timing, and intraoperative management of different treatment modalities. Results: A total of 63 participants from 49 (73.1%) tertiary neurosurgical institutions responded to our questionnaire. 42 (66.7%) were neurosurgeons, 13 (20.6%) were neurointerventionists, and 8 (12.7%) were radiosurgeons. Approximately 3500 to 4000 cases of bAVMs were treated annually in these 49 departments. All participants agreed that the conclusions of ARUBA are debatable. Flow-related aneurysms, deep venous drainage, and arteriovenous fistula were considered as common hemorrhagic risk factors. Unruptured SM IV-V bAVMs, giant bAVMs, pediatric bAVMs, elderly bAVMs, and eloquent bAVMs were not absolute contraindications to intervention. Maximum lesion occlusion and minimal functional impairment were the principles of intervention management. Most of the neurosurgeons and neurointerventionists recommended early intervention (<30 days) for ruptured bAVMs, and the radiosurgeons suggested intervention in the chronic phase or recovery phase (P<0.01), and preferably 3 months after bleeding. Multi-modality strategies were thought effective for complex bAVMs and more exploration of individualized intraoperative management was necessary.Conclusions: Intervention was acceptable for specific selected unruptured bAVMs in mainland China, especially in patients with hemorrhagic risk factors. The application of multidisciplinary cerebrovascular team and multicenter large-sample international registry study might be the next work for Chinese neurosurgical cerebrovascular physicians.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04136860.
The effects of childhood exposure to malaria on cognition and behaviour. A systematic review protocol.
Authors: SSEMATA ANDREW SENTOOGO , NAKITENDE JACQUELLINE ANN , KIZITO SIMON , WHIPPLE ELIZABETH C , BANGIRANA PAUL , NAKASUJJA NOELINE , JOHN CHANDY C , McHENRY MEGAN SONG 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Malaria is one of the major contributing risk factors for poor development of children living in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs). However, little is known about the specific domains of cognition and behaviour that are impacted by malaria, the extent of these deficits, and the different types of the malaria spectrum that are associated with these deficits. The objective of this systematic review is to determine the effect of the different type of malaria infection on cognition and behaviour among children living in LMICs. Methods and analysis: We will systematically search online bibliographic databases including MEDLINE (via PubMed), CINAHL (via EBSCO), PsycINFO (via EBSCO), EMBASE and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) as well as Google Scholar and bibliographies of pertinent articles. We will include studies with a comparison group (e.g., clinical trials, cohort, observational, cross-sectional case–control and controlled before and after or interrupted–time–series studies) involving children under 18 years of age living in LMICs, as determined by World Bank Criteria, with either an active malaria infection or history of malaria. Included articles must also measure cognitive and/or behaviour outcomes determined by standardized psychological assessments (questionnaire-based scales and or neurocognitive assessments). Studies will be excluded if they are not in English, lack a control group, take place in a high-income country, or if a standardized instrument was not used. Two reviewers will independently review all articles to determine if they meet eligibility criteria. Any conflicts will be resolved after discussion with a third reviewer. When a list of included articles is finalized, two reviewers will extract data to populate and then cross check within an electronic table. Risk of bias and the strength of evidence and recommendations will be assessed independently using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria, and a final score will be given upon consensus. For sufficiently homogeneous data on measured outcomes in multiple studies, we will investigate the possibility of pooling data to perform a meta-analysis. Discussion: This systematic review will evaluate the evidence of the effect of malaria on the cognitive and behavioural outcomes. Findings from this planned review will generate insight on the domains affected by the different forms malaria infection and may inform subsequent malaria interventions and future research in paediatric care.Systematic review registration: This systematic review has been registered under PROSPERO: CRD42020154777
Physical activity measures in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: correlations between peak oxygen consumption, the physical functioning scale of the SF-36 questionnaire, and the number of steps from an activity meter
Authors: Campen C (Linda) MC van , Rowe Peter C , Verheugt Freek WA , Visser Frans C 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background most studies to assess effort intolerance in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) have used questionnaires. Few studies have compared questionnaires with objective measures like an actometer or an exercise test. Therefore three measures of physical activity in ME/CFS patients, being the physical functioning scale (PFS) of the SF-36, the number of steps/day (Steps) of an actometer and the %peak VO 2 of a cardiopulmonary stress test were compared. Methods female ME/CFS patients were selected from a clinical database if the three types of measurements were available, and the interval between measurements was ≤ three months. Data of the three measures were compared by linear regression. Results in 99 female patients the three different measures were linearly, significantly and positively correlated (PFS vs Steps, PFS vs %peak VO 2 and Steps vs %peak VO 2 : all P<0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that the relations between the three measures were not different in patients with versus without fibromyalgia and with versus without a maximal exercise effort (RER≥1.1). In 20 patients re-evaluated for symptom worsening, the mean of all three measures was significantly lower (P<0.0001), strengthening the observation of the relations between them. Despite the close correlation a large variation was observed between the three measures in individual patients. Conclusions given the large variation in ME/CFS patients, the use of only one type of measurement is inadequate. Integrating the three modalities may be useful for patient care by detecting overt discrepancies and may aid study designs aimed at improving exercise capacity.
Intravenous and oral copper kinetics, biodistribution and dosimetry in healthy humans studied by [64Cu]copper PET/CT
Authors: Kjærgaard Kristoffer , Sandahl Thomas Damgaard , Frisch Kim , Højrup Karina , Keiding Susanne , Vilstrup Hendrik , Ott Peter , Gormsen Lars Christian , Munk Ole Lajord 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Copper is essential for enzymatic processes throughout the body. [64Cu]copper (64Cu) positron emission tomography (PET) has been investigated as a diagnostic tool for certain malignancies, but has not yet been used to study copper homeostasis in humans. In this study, we determined the hepatic removal kinetics, biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of 64Cu in healthy humans by both intravenous and oral administration. Methods: Six healthy participants underwent PET/CT studies with intravenous or oral administration of 64Cu. A 90 min dynamic PET/CT scan of the liver was followed by three whole-body PET/CT scans at 1.5, 6, and 20 h after tracer administration. PET data were used for estimation of hepatic kinetics, biodistribution, effective doses, and absorbed doses for critical organs. Results: After intravenous administration, 64Cu uptake was highest in the liver, intestinal walls and pancreas; the gender-averaged effective dose was 62 ± 5 μSv/MBq (mean ± SD). After oral administration, 64Cu was almost exclusively taken up by the liver while leaving a significant amount of radiotracer in the gastrointestinal lumen, resulting in an effective dose of 113 ± 1 μSv/MBq. Excretion of 64Cu in urine and faeces after intravenous administration was negligible. Hepatic removal kinetics showed that the clearance of 64Cu from blood was 0.10 ± 0.02 mL blood/min/mL liver tissue, and the rate constant for excretion into bile or blood was 0.003 ± 0.002 min-1. Conclusion: 64Cu biodistribution and radiation dosimetry are influenced by the manner of tracer administration with high uptake by the liver, intestinal walls, and pancreas after intravenous administration, and after oral administration, 64Cu is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and deposited primarily in the liver. Administration of 50 MBq 64Cu yielded images of high quality for both administration forms with radiation doses approximately 3.1 and 5.7 mSv, respectively, allowing for sequential studies in humans.Trial Registration Number: EudraCT no. 2016-001975-59. Registration date: 19/09/2016.
An Improved High-Precision Frequency Estimation Algorithm
Authors: CHEN Shihong , PAN Minghai , WANG Xudong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Frequency estimation, one of the key technologies in wireless communication and radar science, has been extensively and deeply studied by scholars. Based on a detailed frequency estimation characteristics analysis of two existing algorithms (the fixed Quinn algorithm and the A&M algorithm), this paper proposes a new and improved high-precision frequency estimation algorithm. The proposed algorithm is a two-step estimation. In the first step, we use the fixed Quinn algorithm to calculate coarse frequency errors, and in the second step, we use the results from the first step as the initial iteration in the A&M algorithm. After the first iteration, we obtain the precise frequency errors, and finally, we obtain the frequency estimate value. Through simulation experiments on MATLAB, the experimental results verify that the improved algorithm greatly enhances the estimation accuracy compared to the fixed Quinn algorithm and the A&M algorithm; moreover, the improved algorithm has excellent anti-noise performance and stronger algorithm robustness.