bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Special Considerations in Pain Management in Orthopaedic Subspecialties
Authors: Schoenfeld Andrew J. 
Published: April 2020

➢ There is a general consensus among the orthopaedic surgical community that the opioid epidemic has reached a crisis state within the United States.➢ The number of articles published with regard to prescription opioid use and pain management strategies within orthopaedic subspecialties has increased over the last 5 years and adequately describes the scope of the problem as well as risk factors for sustained use.➢ In this article, we elaborate on challenges highlighted during the JBJS Pain Management Research Symposium and discuss potential resolutions and next steps that may be capable of advancing research in the field. These include the need to focus on strategies with better pain management outcomes rather than just reversing opioid overprescribing, describing the value of specific pain management strategies, understanding the benefits of weaning chronic opioids prior to surgical intervention, and ensuring that the full range of variation in clinical, demographic, and prescriber-based characteristics influencing sustained prescription opioid use, successful pain management, and other outcomes is represented in the data sets that are used.
Social and Mental Health Affect Comfort After Surgery or Injury
Authors: Ring David 
Published: April 2020

➢ There is wide variation in pain intensity for a given pathophysiology.➢ Much of the variation in pain intensity is accounted for by mental and social health opportunities.➢ Comfort is associated with a healthy mood and a return to normal activities (greater self-efficacy).➢ Most people get comfortable after injury or surgery using little or no opioid medication.➢ Use of opioids in high doses or beyond the established early healing of the body may represent misdiagnosis and mistreatment of mental and social health opportunities.
Methodological Challenges in Conducting Large-Scale Real-World Data Analyses on Opioid Use in Musculoskeletal Disorders
Authors: Kim Seoyoung C. , Bateman Brian T. 
Published: April 2020

➢ As the United States is currently experiencing an epidemic of opioid misuse, overdose deaths, and addiction, the number of published articles on the patterns of opioid use and the safety of opioids has dramatically increased over the past decade.➢ Most published reports have described observational studies based on large-scale real-world data (RWD) collected in real-world medical settings (i.e., not in clinical trials). Administrative claims databases, electronic medical records, and patient registries are commonly used RWD sources.➢ Understanding the strengths and limitations of different types of data sources and applying appropriate study design and methods for each study question are essential for ensuring the validity of observational studies.➢ Studies analyzing the association between opioid exposure following surgery and persistent use are important for understanding the risks and benefits of opioid use in this context. No widely accepted definition of the term persistent use exists, and studies have yielded highly divergent estimates of the frequency of persistent use depending on the definition employed. Careful attention to methods is needed when conducting these studies, and understanding their limitations is important when interpreting the results.➢ The present report discusses general methodological challenges for large-scale RWD analyses on opioid use among patients with musculoskeletal disorders.
Dual Versus Single-Plate Fixation of Midshaft Clavicular Fractures
Authors: Allis J. Benjamin , Cheung Edward C. , Farrell Eric D. , Johnson Eric E. , Jeffcoat Devon M. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Implant-related symptoms are the most common reason for reoperation after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of midshaft clavicular fractures. Dual mini-fragment plate fixation is a relatively new solution that may decrease implant prominence while maintaining fixation strength and function. There are minimal published data comparing reoperation rates and clinical outcomes between single, superior-plate constructs and dual mini-fragment plate constructs in the fixation of midshaft clavicular fractures. We hypothesized that reducing plate size with the use of dual mini-fragment plating compared with standard, 3.5-mm, superior plating would minimize implant symptoms and the corresponding need for reoperation while still providing sufficient fixation to allow fracture-healing and return to function.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed the cases of 44 consecutive patients who underwent ORIF of displaced midshaft clavicular fractures utilizing either a single, 3.5-mm, superior plate construct (21 patients) or a dual, 2.7-mm and 2.4-mm, plate construct (23 patients). Outcomes at a minimum of 2 years were assessed. Primary outcome measures included reoperation for any reason and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form, patient self-report section.

Results:
There was a 100% union rate in both groups. None (0%) of the 23 patients who received the dual (2.7-mm and 2.4-mm) plate construct and 6 (29%) of the 21 patients who received the single (3.5-mm) plate construct underwent reoperation for implant-related symptoms. Using a Fisher exact test, the rate of reoperation was compared between the groups, and the difference was found to be significant (p = 0.008). Using an unpaired t test, the difference in mean ASES scores was not significant (p = 0.138) between the dual-plate group (98 of 100) and the single superior plate group (96 of 100) with retained implants.

Conclusions:
In our comparative retrospective series, dual fixation utilizing a 2.7-mm superior plate and a 2.4-mm anterior plate for the treatment of displaced midshaft clavicular fractures was associated with a significantly lower rate of reoperation when compared with single, 3.5-mm, superior plate fixation.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty Versus Brimonidine Tartrate 0.2%/Timolol Maleate 0.5% As Adjunct Therapy in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma: A Randomized Prospective Trial
Authors: McWherter Ian , Lanham Meredith , Peplinski Lee , Zagorianos Nikolaos , Steele Andrew , Slayden Keith , Sidle Meg Wright , McKay Fraser 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose: To compare the intraocular pressure lowering efficacy of selective laser trabeculoplasty to brimonidine tartrate 0.2%/timolol maleate 0.5% in patients with uncontrolled primary open-angle glaucoma on a prostaglandin analog alone. A secondary outcome was to evaluate the complication rates of selective laser trabeculoplasty.Patients and Methods: Twenty-three patients were randomized to two treatment groups within this prospective, observer-masked single site, all optometrist, pilot study. Group 1 (N=12) received 360 degrees of selective laser trabeculoplasty as additional treatment while Group 2 (N=11) was started on FCBT. Outcomes of both groups were measured at eight weeks.Results: Both treatment regimens were found to be statistically significant in lowering IOP when used as adjunct therapy. The average IOP reduction for Group 1 and Group 2 was 28.4% (SD = .17) and 28.2% (SD = .12) respectively. The incidence of an intraocular pressure spike following SLT in this patient population was found to be 8.3%. No major complications were observed in this study.Conclusion: Selective laser trabeculoplasty and brimonidine tartrate 0.2%/timolol maleate 0.5% were shown to be equivalent in lowering intraocular pressure in uncontrolled primary open angle glaucoma patients when used as adjunct therapy for patients on a prostaglandin analog. Additionally, this is the first prospective study of optometrists performing selective laser trabeculoplasty. Although this study had a small sample size, the results appeared to show that efficacy and complication rates were comparable to previously published data; however, these results need to be confirmed with a larger multi-centered trial.Trial Registration: ISRCTN Study ID ISRCTN30070325, retrospectively registered 12/14/2018. http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN30070325.
QTL analysis and fine mapping of a major QTL conferring kernel size in maize (Zea mays)
Authors: Wang Guiying , Zhao Yanming , Zhu Zhen , Zhang Xinyuan , Jiang Minghua , Cheng Mingzhu , Su Chengfu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background：Kernel size are important agronomic traits for grain yield in maize. The objective of this study is to map QTLs for kernel size, fine map a stable QTL qKL-2 and predict candidate genes for kernel length in maize. A total 199 F2:3 lines were obtained from selfing F2 individuals from the cross SG5/SG7. In this study, a high density genetic linkage map with 3305 bin-markers spanning a total length of 2236.66 cM on 10 chromosomes was applied for primary QTL mapping. Composite interval mapping (CIM) method was used for detecting QTLs in three environments of F2 and F2:3 populations. Results：The result showed that a total ten QTLs for kernel size were detected, among which five QTLs for kernel length (KL) and five QTLs for kernel width (KW). Two stable QTLs qKW-1 and qKL-2 were mapped in all three environments. In order to validate and fine map qKL-2 , near isogenic lines (NILs) were developed by continuous backcross between SG5 as the donor parent and SG7 as the recurrent parent. Marker assisted selection was conducted from BC2F1 generation with molecular markers near qKL-2. Secondary linkage map with six markers around the objective region was developed for fine mapping qKL-2. Finally, qKL-2 was mapped in a 1.95Mb physical interval on maize chromosome 9 by blasting with Zea_Mays_B73 v4 genome. The results were confirmed with selected overlapping recombinant chromosomes. A total 11 out of 40 protein coding genes in the identified interval differentially expressed after conducting transcriptomic analysis between the two parents. GRMZM2G006080, which encodes receptor-like protein kinase FERONIA was predicted as candidate gene to control kernel size. Conclusions：A total ten QTLs for kernel size were identified. Two stable QTLs qKL-2 and qKW-2 were mapped in three envionments. Major QTL qKL-2 for KL was validated and fine mapped in a 1.95Mb physical interval. GRMZM2G006080 was predicted as candidate gene for qKL-2 to control kernel length. The work will not only help to understand the mechanisms that control kernel size of maize, but also provide new gene for marker-assisted selection in further studies.
Procyanidinere therapy of pulmonary fibrosis induced by CdSe nanorods with pulmonary instillation
Authors: Zhou Qixing , Yue Zongkai , Li Qingzhao , Zhou Ruiren , Liu Lu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The CdSe nanorod as a one-dimensional nanostructure has an excellent performance in photoelectric conversion, biological labeling and environmental protection. Thus, it is crucial to investigate its potential adverse health effects at an early stage. Methods: Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were exposed to 15 mg/kg CdSe and 200 mg/kg procyanidine (OPC) for 30, 60 and 90 days. Lung tissues were collected on days 30, 60 and 90. Oxidation damages, histopathological analysis, transmission electron microscopy and hydroxyproline level were measured. Results: The lung tissue would be the main target organ after CdSe nanorods entering into biological bodies. Pulmonary instillation of CdSe nanorods could decrease vitality of T-SOD and T-AOC in lung tissues of a rat, increase MDA and hydroxyproline levels and lipid peroxidation products, induce mitochondrial cristae broken and vacuolization, cause inflammatory responses, and finally induce pulmonary fibrosis. The oral administration of procyanidinere could significantly increase the content of antioxidant enzymes, scavenge free radicals, reduce the lipid peroxidation and have protective effects on CdSe nanorods-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Conclusions: CdSe nanorods could induce an extensive inflammatory response, elevate ROS, induce pulmonary fibrosis and reveal time accumulation appearance. OPC has a protective effect on lung injury induced by CdSe nanorods, which might be related to anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties.
Seasonal Dynamics and Starvation Impact on the Gut Microbiome of Urochordate Ascidian Halocynthia roretzi
Authors: Wei Jiankai , Gao Hongwei , Yang Yang , Liu Haiming , Yu Haiyan , Chen Zigui , Dong Bo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
BackgroundGut microbiota plays important roles in host animal physiology, homeostasis, metabolism, and environmental adaptation while the interplay between the gut microbiome and urochordate ascidian, the most closet relative of vertebrate, remains less explored. In this study, we characterized the gut microbial communities of urochordate ascidian (Halocynthia roretzi) across the changes of season and starvation stress using a comprehensive set of omic approaches including 16S rRNA, metagenomic, metabiotic, and transcriptome sequencing.ResultsThe 16S rRNA amplicon profiling revealed that ascidians harbor indigenous gut microbiota distinctly different to the marine microbial community and significant variations in composition and abundance of gut bacteria, with predominant bacterial orders representing each season. Depressed alpha-diversities of gut microbiota were observed across starvation stress when compared with the communities in aquafarm condition. Synechococcales involving photosynthesis and its related biosynthesis was reduced in abundance while the enrichments of Xanthomonadales and Legionellales may facilitate bile acid biosynthesis in starvation stress condition. Meanwhile, the metabolomics analysis found that the long chain fatty acids, linolenic acid, cyanoamino acid, and pigments derived from gut bacteria were upregulated, suggesting a beneficial contribution of the gut microbiome to ascidian under starvation stress.ConclusionsOur results revealed the seasonal variation of ascidian gut microbiota. Furthermore, we found that the defense and energy-associated metabolites derived from gut microbiome were responded to the starvation stress. The data provide insights into understanding the adaptive interplay between the gut microbiome and ascidian host that maintains a beneficial metabolic system across season and starvation stress. The diversity-generating metabolisms from both microbiota and host might lead to the co-evolution and environmental adaptation.
Walking Speed is the Sole Determinant of mild Cognitive Impairment in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Machii Noritaka , Kudo Akihiro , Saito Haruka , Tanabe Hayato , Iwasaki Mariko , Hirai Hiroyuki , Masuzaki Hiroaki , Shimabukuro Michio 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background To elucidate the clinical characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and to examine whether diagnosis of sarcopenia and/or its criterion are explanatory factors for MCI Methods Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were categorized into the MCI group for MoCA-J (the Japanese version of the Montreal cognitive assessment) score <26, and into the non-MCI group for MoCA-J ≥26. Sarcopenia was defined by a low skeletal mass index along with low muscle strength (handgrip strength) or low physical performance (walking speed <1.0 m/s). Univariate and multivariate-adjusted odds ratio models were used to determine the independent contributors for MoCA-J <26. Results Among 438 participants, 221 (50.5%) and 217 (49.5%) comprised the non-MCI and MCI groups, respectively. In the MCI group, age (61 ± 12 vs. 71 ± 10 years, p < 0.01) and duration of diabetes (14 ± 9 vs. 17 ± 9 years, p < 0.01) were higher than those in the non-MCI group. Patients in the MCI group exhibited lower hand grip strength, walking speed, and skeletal mass index, but higher prevalence of sarcopenia. Only walking speed (rather than muscle loss or muscle weakness) was found to be an independent determinant of MCI after adjusting for multiple factors, such as age, gender, BMI, duration of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, drinking, eGFR, HbA1c, and history of coronary heart diseases and stroke. In subgroup analysis, a group consisting of male patients aged ≥65 years, with BMI <25, showed a significant OR for walking speed. Conclusions This is the first study to show that slow walking speed is a determinant for the presence of MCI in patients with type 2 diabetes. It was suggested that walking speed is an important factor in the prediction and prevention of MCI development in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Reduplication of Indonesian Song
Authors: Lase Apriliana , Lase Sudirman 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study investigated the reduplication of Indonesian words in phonology is a phoneme that forms a change in meaning with the addition of an affix in Indonesian song. The method of analyzing it is in the form with instrumental melody examined with vocables melodic, reduplication and stress and musical rhythm. Repetition of words with different tune does not affect the kind of stress in the syllable of Indonesian lyrics. Music rhythms and melodies do not change even though the sounds of the G and D melodies always alternate are also the same in each song words.
Estimation of Socioeconomic Attributes from Location Information
Authors: Doi Shohei , Mizuno Takayuki , Fujiwara Naoya 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Timely estimation of the distribution of socioeconomic attributes and their movement is crucial for academic as well as administrative and marketing purposes. During the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, for example, it has been revealed that collecting information on where elderly people, who are most vulnerable to the virus, are and how the young, who are susceptible to transmitting it, move is valuable to find routes and potential clusters of infection. In this study, assuming personal attributes affect human behavior and movement, we predict these attributes from location information. First, we predict the socioeconomic characteristics of individuals by supervised learning methods, i.e., logistic Lasso regression, Gaussian Naive Bayes, random forest, XGBoost, LightGBM, and support vector machine, using survey data we collected of personal attributes and frequency of visits to specific facilities, to test our conjecture. We find that gender, a crucial attribute, is as highly predictable from locations as from other sources such as social networking services, as done by existing studies. Second, we apply the model trained with the survey data to actual GPS log data to check the performance of our approach in a real-world setting. Though our approach does not perform as well as for the survey data, the results suggest that we can infer gender from a GPS log.
Vitamin D and N-Acetyl Cysteine Supplementation in Treatment-Resistant Depressive Disorder Patients: A General Review
Authors: di Michele Flavia , Talamo Alessandra , Niolu Cinzia , Siracusano Alberto 
Published: April 2020

:
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is often a lifetime disabling mental illness as individuals with
MDD might not benefit from standard-therapy, including both pharmacological and psychosocial interventions.
Novel therapies are, therefore, required.

:
It was shown by recent preclinical and clinical studies that the dysfunction of glutamatergic neurotransmission
might be involved in the pathophysiology of MDD. Furthermore, neuroimmune alterations could have a significant
role in the pathogenesis of MDD.

:
Vitamin D is a neurosteroid hormone essential for several metabolic processes, immune responses, and for regulating
neurotrophic-neuroprotective processes, neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. Recent studies have also
shown Vitamin D deficiency in patients with severe psychiatric disorders, including MDD.

:
Lately, clinical studies have shown the neuroprotective action of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) through the modulation
of inflammatory pathways and via the modulation of synaptic release of glutamate in cortico-subcortical
brain regions; the cysteine-glutamate antiporter.

:
This paper reviews the therapeutic use of Vitamin D and NAC and among individuals with refractory MDD to the
first- line pharmacological interventions, reviewing the clinical studies published in the last decade.

:
A detailed summary of the current evidence in this area aims to better inform psychiatrists and general practitioners
on the potential benefits of Vitamin D and NAC supplementation for this disorder.

:
Nutraceutical supplementation with Vitamin D and NAC in treatment-resistant MDD patients may be important
not only for improving depressive clinical manifestations but also for their safety and tolerability profile. This is
of great interest, especially considering the need for treating special populations affected by MDD, such as
youngsters and elders. Finally, the nutraceutical approach represents a good choice, considering its better compliance
by the patients compared to traditional psychopharmacological treatment.
Innovative Solutions for the Extraction of Vitamins from Pharmaceutical and Biological Samples
Authors: D’Orazio Giovanni , Gentili Alessandra , Fanali Salvatore , Fanali Chiara , Dal Bosco Chiara 
Published: April 2020

Background:
The extraction of vitamins from complex matrices, such as pharmaceutical
and biological samples, is a demanding task. Progress in material science is revolutionizing sample
preparation, leading to the development of more efficient, sensitive, and selective analytical methods.
In particular, the evolution of solid-phase extraction towards miniaturized techniques is closely related
to the introduction of nanomaterials as new sorbents. Microextraction techniques, both solid-based
and liquid-based, allow for the reduction of solvent and sample volumes, as well as the sample processing
times. In many cases, these procedures are also environmentally friendly. Moreover, the substitution
of traditional organic solvents with the neoteric ones is another current trend in analytical
chemistry.

Aims:
The aim of this review is to introduce readers to the innovative solutions available for the
extraction of vitamins from matrices of different complexity.

Methods:
Research papers in the literature of the last five years are reviewed, providing a critical
description of the most original and interesting sample preparation approaches devoted to vitamin
extraction.

Results:
Among the last five years of literature concerning the analysis of vitamins in the clinical and
pharmaceutical sectors, only 40% of works applied some innovative or green approaches to sample
preparation. However, a general trend is the reduction of solvent volumes and sample processing
times.

Conclusion:
The great potential of microextraction techniques based on nanomaterials and neoteric
solvents has not been fully exploited yet in the clinical and pharmaceutical fields. Considering the
high cost of carbon-based nanomaterials, it can be expected that in the near future, liquid microextraction
techniques based on neoteric solvents will be more effective for sample preparation. Thanks
to their low cost, environmental compatibility, simplicity, speediness and high enrichment factor,
these extractive techniques are particularly significant for vitamin analysis.