bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of tRNA‐derived small RNA (tsRNA) responsive to the tumor suppressor, RUNX1, in breast cancer
Authors: Farina Nicholas H. , Scalia Stephanie , Adams Caroline E. , Hong Deli , Fritz Andrew J. , Messier Terri L. , Balatti Veronica , Veneziano Dario , Lian Jane B. , Croce Carlo M. , Stein Gary S. , Stein Janet L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDespite recent advances in targeted therapies, the molecular mechanisms driving breast cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis are minimally understood. Growing evidence indicate that transfer RNA (tRNA)‐derived small RNAs (tsRNA) contribute to biological control and aberrations associated with cancer development and progression. The runt‐related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) transcription factor is a tumor suppressor in the mammary epithelium whereas RUNX1 downregulation is functionally associated with breast cancer initiation and progression. We identified four tsRNA (ts‐19, ts‐29, ts‐46, and ts‐112) that are selectively responsive to expression of the RUNX1 tumor suppressor. Our finding that ts‐112 and RUNX1 anticorrelate in normal‐like mammary epithelial and breast cancer lines is consistent with tumor‐related activity of ts‐112 and tumor suppressor activity of RUNX1. Inhibition of ts‐112 in MCF10CA1a aggressive breast cancer cells significantly reduced proliferation. Ectopic expression of a ts‐112 mimic in normal‐like mammary epithelial MCF10A cells significantly increased proliferation. These findings support an oncogenic potential for ts‐112. Moreover, RUNX1 may repress ts‐112 to prevent overactive proliferation in breast epithelial cells to augment its established roles in maintaining the mammary epithelium.
Paediatric reference values for total psoas muscle area
Authors: Lurz Eberhard , Patel Hiten , Lebovic Gerald , Quammie Claudia , Woolfson Jessica P. , Perez Manuela , Ricciuto Amanda , Wales Paul W. , Kamath Binita M. , Chavhan Govind B. , Jüni Peter , Ng Vicky L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia, the unintentional loss of skeletal muscle mass, is associated with poor outcomes in adult patient populations. In adults, sarcopenia is often ascertained by cross‐sectional imaging of the psoas muscle area (PMA). Although children with chronic medical illnesses may be at increased risk for muscle loss because of nutritional deficiencies, physical deconditioning, endocrine anomalies, and systemic inflammation, consistent quantitative definitions for sarcopenia in children are lacking. We aimed to generate paediatric reference values for PMA at two intervertebral lumbar levels, L3–4 and L4–5.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, we analysed abdominal computed tomography scans of consecutive children presenting to the emergency department. Participants were children 1–16 years who required abdominal cross‐sectional imaging after paediatric trauma between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2015 in a large Canadian quaternary care centre. Children with a documented chronic medical illness or an acute spinal trauma at presentation were excluded. Total PMA (tPMA) at levels L3–4 and L4–5 were measured in square millimetres (mm2) as the sum of left and right PMA. Age‐specific and sex‐specific tPMA percentile curves were modelled using quantile regression.ResultsComputed tomography images from 779 children were included. Values of tPMA at L4–5 were significantly larger than at L3–4 at all ages, but their correlation was high for both girls (r = 0.95) and boys (r = 0.98). Amongst girls, tPMA 50th percentile values ranged from 365 to 2336 mm2 at L3–4 and from 447 to 2704 mm2 for L4–5. Amongst boys, 50th percentile values for tPMA ranged between 394 and 3050 mm2 at L3–4 and from 498 to 3513 mm2 at L4–5. Intraclass correlation coefficients were excellent at L3–4 (0.97, 95% CI 0.94 to 0.981) and L4–5 (0.99, 95% CI 0.986 to 0.995). Weight and tPMA were correlated, stratified by sex for boys (L3–4 r = 0.90; L4–5 r = 0.90) and for girls (L3–4 r = 0.87; L4–5 r = 0.87). An online application was subsequently developed to easily calculate age‐specific and sex‐specific z‐scores and percentiles.ConclusionsWe provide novel paediatric age‐specific and sex‐specific growth curves for tPMA at intervertebral L3–4 and L4–5 levels for children between the ages of 1‐16 years. Together with an online tool (https://ahrc‐apps.shinyapps.io/sarcopenia/), these tPMA curves should serve as a reference enabling earlier identification and targeted intervention of sarcopenia in children with chronic medical conditions.
Synthesis of 5‐amino‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles containing dithiocarbamate groups
Authors: Khoshdoun Maryam , Taheri Salman , Daneshgar Parandis , Jamshidi Hamid R. , Ziyaei Halimehjani Azim 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSynthesis of alkyl ((5‐[alkylamino]‐1,3,4‐thiadiazol‐2‐yl)methyl)carbamodithioates via the reaction of glycine‐based dithiocarbamates with thiosemicarbazides in the presence of POCl3 in ethanol is disclosed. The main advantages of this method including the use of ethanol as solvent, no need to column chromatography for purification and high to excellent yields of products are noteworthy.
A humanized mouse model to study mast cells mediated cutaneous adverse drug reactions
Authors: Mencarelli Andrea , Gunawan Merry , Yong Kylie Su Mei , Bist Pradeep , Tan Wilson Wei Sheng , Tan Sue Yee , Liu Min , Huang Edwin Kunxiang , Fan Yong , Chan Jerry Kok Yen , Choi Hae Woong , Abraham Soman N. , Chen Qingfeng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRecently a G-protein-coupled receptor, MAS Related GPR Family Member X2 (MRGPRX2), was identified as a specific receptor on human mast cells responsible for IgE independent adverse drug reactions (ADR). Although a murine homologue, Mrgprb2, has been identified for this receptor, its affinity for many ADR-causing drugs is poor making it difficult to undertake in vivo studies to examine mechanisms of ADR and to develop therapeutic strategies. Here, we have created humanized mice capable of generating MRGPRX2-expressing human MCs allowing for the study of MRGPRX2 MCs-mediated ADR in vitro as well as in vivo. Humanized mice were generated by hydrodynamic-injection of plasmids expressing human GM-CSF and IL-3 into NOD-scid IL2R-γ−/− strain of mice that had been transplanted with human hematopoietic stem cells. These GM/IL-3 humice expressed high numbers of tissue human MCs but the MRGPRX2 receptor expressed in MCs were limited to few body sites including the skin. Importantly, large numbers of MRGPRX2-expressing human MCs could be cultured from the bone marrow of GM/IL-3 humice revealing these mice to be an important source of human MCs for in vitro studies of MRGPRX2-related MCs activities. When GM/IL-3 humice were exposed to known ADR causing contrast agents (meglumine and gadobutrol), the humice were found to experience anaphylaxis analogous to the clinical situation. Thus, GM/IL-3 humice represent a valuable model for investigating in vivo interactions of ADR-causing drugs and human MCs and their sequelae, and these mice are also a source of human MRGPRX2-expressing MCs for in vitro studies.
Evaluation of Epidemiologic Factors, Radiographic Features, and Pathologic Findings for Predicting Peritumoral Brain Edema in Meningiomas
Authors: Sapkota Mani R. , Yang Zonghe , Zhu Dan , Zhang Yan , Yuan Tengfei , Gao Junfeng , Si Tongguo , Wang Junping 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundDespite several treatment options that are available for meningiomas, surgery is the only method currently practiced. Peritumoral brain edema (PTBE) in meningiomas causes difficulty marginalizing the dissection in an intraoperative setting.PurposeTo evaluate whether the epidemiological variables, imaging characteristics, and pathologic parameters are correlated with the presence of PTBE in meningiomas.Study TypeRetrospective study from 2015 to 2018.SubjectsIn all, 550 patients with histopathologically confirmed meningioma were included. After exclusion of patients with extradural, spinal, and intraventricular meningiomas and those with image artifacts, a total of 441 patients were included in the final analysis.Field Strength/SequenceImages were performed with 3T MR scanners and axial/sagittal T1WI, axial/coronal T2WI and axial/sagittal/coronal contrast‐enhanced T1WI after administration of 0.1 mmol/kg of body weight of Gd‐DTPA.AssessmentFourteen variables were patients' age, sex, skull changes, calcification, density, location, margin, volume, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cleft, signal intensity (SI) on T2WI, degree and pattern of contrast enhancement, WHO histological classification, and Ki‐67 labeling index.Statistical TestsThe relationship between each factor and the formation of PTBE was examined by multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsAfter multivariate logistic regression, the absence of CSF cleft (odds ratio [OR]: 63.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 27.24–121.42, P = 1.2 × 10−8), non‐skull base location (OR: 15.32, 95% CI: 5.81–28.23, P = 0.0008), high SI on T2WI (OR: 5.05, 95% CI: 2.27–14.88, P = 0.01), and G I uncommon subtypes (OR: 4.75, 95% CI: 1.42–15.94, P = 0.01) were found to be significant independent factors associated with the occurrence of PTBE in meningiomas. In patients with PTBE‐positive meningiomas, there was no significant correlation between the volume of PTBE and the volume of the tumor (r = 0.17, P = 0.60).Data ConclusionThese factors may be suggestive of anticipating the formation of PTBE.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy Stage: 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:174–182.
Platelet‐rich plasma lysate displays antibiofilm properties and restores antimicrobial activity against synovial fluid biofilms in vitro
Authors: Gilbertie Jessica M. , Schaer Thomas P. , Schubert Alicia G. , Jacob Megan E. , Menegatti Stefano , Ashton Lavoie R. , Schnabel Lauren V. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInfectious arthritis is difficult to treat in both human and veterinary clinical practice. Recent literature reports Staphylococcus aureus as well as other gram‐positive and gram‐negative isolates forming free‐floating biofilms in both human and equine synovial fluid that are tolerant to traditional antimicrobial therapy. Using an in vitro equine model, we investigated the ability of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) formulations to combat synovial fluid biofilm aggregates. Synovial fluid was infected, and biofilm aggregates allowed to form over a 2‐hour period. PRP was collected and processed into different formulations by platelet concentration, leukocyte presence, and activation or lysis. Infected synovial fluid was treated with different PRP formulations with or without aminoglycoside cotreatment. Bacterial load (colony‐forming unit/mL) was determined by serial dilutions and plate counting at 8 hours posttreatment. All PRP formulations displayed antimicrobial properties; however, formulations containing higher concentrations of platelets without leukocytes had increased antimicrobial activity. Lysis of PRP and pooling of the PRP lysate (PRP‐L) from multiple horses as compared to individual horses further increased antimicrobial activity. This activity was lost with the removal of the plasma component or inhibition of the proteolytic activity within the plasma. Fractionation of pooled PRP‐L identified the bioactive components to be cationic and low‐molecular weight (<10 kDa). Overall, PRP‐L exhibited synergism with amikacin against aminoglycoside tolerant biofilm aggregates with greater activity against gram‐positive bacteria. In conclusion, the use of PRP‐L has the potential to augment current antimicrobial treatment regimens which could lead to a decrease in morbidity and mortality associated with infectious arthritis.
Risk factors for delirium after esophagectomy
Authors: Dezube Aaron R. , Bravo‐Iñiguez Carlos E. , Yelamanchili Nitya , De León Luis E. , Tarascio Jeffrey , Jaklitsch Michael T. , Wee Jon O. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionPostoperative delirium is a common complication after major surgical procedures and affects outcomes and long‐term survival. We identified factors associated with postoperative delirium in patients undergoing esophagectomy.MethodsRetrospective cohort analysis of 378 patients undergoing esophagectomy. We examined the association between postoperative delirium (DSM‐V) criteria with respect to baseline variables and postoperative complications.ResultsPostoperative delirium was diagnosed in 64 (16.93%) patients and associated with increasing age (P < .05), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (P = .07), pneumonia (P = .01), transfusion intraoperatively or within 72 hours of surgery (P < .001), and sepsis (P = .001). Unplanned intubation and increased length of stay (median, 14 days) were significant in patients with delirium (P = .001 and P < .001, respectively). In a secondary analysis, surgical technique and operative approach were associated with delirium. Modified McKeown (three‐hole) esophagectomy was twice more likely to develop delirium compared with Ivor Lewis (odds ratio [OR], 2.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03‐4.23). The strongest association was found between delirium and open techniques (thoracotomy and laparotomy) as compared with minimally invasive techniques (thoracoscopy and laparoscopy) (OR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.22‐5.76). Survival was similar between both groups.ConclusionsPostoperative delirium is common and associated with complications following esophagectomy. Identification of predisposing factors such as age and pre‐existing pulmonary diseases and proper selection of surgical treatment may reduce delirium and improve surgical outcomes.
Extra‐articular resection of shoulder joint for bone sarcomas: Oncologic and limb‐salvage outcomes of 32 cases compared with shoulder disarticulation and forequarter amputation
Authors: Tsuda Yusuke , Fujiwara Tomohiro , Evans Scott , Kaneuchi Yoichi , Abudu Adesegun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWe aimed to identify the overall survival (OS), surgical complications, survival of reconstruction, and functional outcome of patients who underwent extra‐articular resection of the shoulder joint for primary bone sarcomas. The OS and local recurrence rates in patients who underwent an amputation were also evaluated for comparison.MethodsThirty‐two patients treated between 1988 and 2017 were studied. The tumours were located in the humerus in 22 (69%) and scapula in 10 patients (31%). The resection types were Malawer type IV in 6 (19%), type V in 21 (66%), and type VI in 5 patients (15%). Reconstruction was performed with endoprosthesis in 23 patients (72%) while excision arthroplasty with the suspension of the humerus to the clavicle was performed in 9 patients (28%). Surgical margins were wide in 16, marginal in 8, intralesional in 3, and not available in 5 patients. During the study period, 40 patients underwent a forequarter amputation and 11 patients underwent a shoulder disarticulation.ResultsThe 5‐year OS for patients who underwent extra‐articular resection of the shoulder joint was 42% which was not statistically different compared with that of patients who underwent amputation (5‐year OS = 30%; P = .091). The 5‐year survival of the reconstruction was 94%, similar for endoprosthesis and excision arthroplasty. Local recurrence and complications developed in 6 (19%) and 10 patients (31%), respectively. Failures of the reconstruction requiring revision surgery occurred in two patients (6%). Limb salvage was achieved in 30 patients (94%). The median Musculoskeletal Tumour Society functional score was 61% (interquartile range, 57%‐70%) and was similar in the endoprosthesis and excision arthroplasty group.ConclusionsExtra‐articular resection of the shoulder joint for bone sarcomas is an effective limb‐salvage method. However, local recurrence remains a principal concern.
The impact of coastal flooding on agriculture: A case‐study of Lincolnshire, United Kingdom
Authors: Gould Iain J. , Wright Isobel , Collison Martin , Ruto Eric , Bosworth Gary , Pearson Simon 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUnder future climate predictions, the incidence of coastal flooding is set to rise. Many coastal regions at risk, such as those surrounding the North Sea, comprise large areas of low‐lying and productive agricultural land. Flood risk assessments typically emphasise the economic consequences of coastal flooding on urban areas and national infrastructure. Impacts on agricultural land have seen less attention, and considerations tend to omit the long‐term effects of soil salinity. The aim of this study is to develop a universal framework to evaluate the economic impact of coastal flooding to agriculture. We incorporated existing flood models, satellite acquired crop data, soil salinity, and crop sensitivity to give a novel and detailed assessment of salt damage to agricultural productivity over time. We focussed our case‐study on low‐lying, highly productive agricultural land with a history of flooding in Lincolnshire, UK. The potential impact of agricultural flood damage varied across our study region. Assuming typical cropping does not change postflood financial losses range from £1,366/ha to £5,526/ha per inundation, these losses would be reduced by between 35% up to 85% in the likely event that an alternative, more salt‐tolerant, cropping, regime is implemented postflood. These losses are substantially higher than loses calculated on the same areas using established flood risk assessment framework conventionally used for freshwater flood assessments, with differences attributed to our longer term salt damage projections impacting over several years. This suggests flood protection policy needs to consider local and long‐term impacts of flooding on agricultural land.
Association of Liver Tissue Optical Properties and Thermal Damage
Authors: Nagarajan Vivek Krishna , Ward Jerrold M. , Yu Bing 
Published: January 2020

Background and ObjectivesComplete thermocoagulation of tumors is vital to minimize the risk of local tumor recurrence after a thermal ablation. Histological assessments are not real‐time and require experienced pathologists to grade the thermal damage (histopathology) [Correction added on 21 January, 2020 after first online publication: After thermal damage in the preceding sentence, (histopathology) was added]. Real‐time assessment of thermal tissue damage during an ablation is necessary to achieve optimal tumor ablation. In our previous studies, we found that continuous monitoring of the wavelength‐averaged (435–630 nm) tissue absorption coefficient (µa) and the reduced scattering coefficient () during heating of a porcine liver at 100°C follows a sigmoidal growth curve. Therefore, we concluded that increases in the tissue µa and during thermocoagulation were correlated with true thermal damage. The goal of this study was to determine if increases in the tissue µa and during thermocoagulation are correlated with true thermal damage.Study Design/Materials and MethodsIn this paper, continuously measured values of µa and during heating of the porcine liver tissue were compared with the histology‐assessed thermal damage scores at four different temperature points (37°C, 55°C, 65°C, and 75°C).ResultsThe damage scores for the tissues in Group 3 (65°C) and Group 4 (75°C) were significantly different from each other and from the other groups. The damage scores were not significantly different between Group 1 (37°C) and Group 2 (55°C).ConclusionThe results indicate that relative changes in µa and can be used to classify thermal damage (histopathology) scores with an overall accuracy of 72.5% up to 75°C. [Correction added on 21 January, 2020 after first online publication: After thermal damage in the preceding sentence, (histopathology) was added]. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stress corrosion behavior of 6082 aluminum alloy
Authors: Zhou Bin , Yang Li , Yang Shou‐Bing , Bai Di , Olugbade Oluwatobi , Huang Gen‐Zhe 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStress corrosion tests of 6082 aluminum alloy were carried out by using a three‐point bending fixture while holding at 50% of yield strength state through different immersion times in 1.5% NaCl electrolyte solution. The electrochemical impedance spectra and dynamic electric potential polarization curves were measured to indicate the stress corrosion behavior of the alloy. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray energy spectrum analysis were applied for microstructural investigations. The results show that all of the Nyquist electrochemical impedance spectra consisted of high‐ and low‐frequency double capacitive arcs. However, an increase in immersion time while holding at 50% of yield stress resulted in a corresponding increase in the corrosion current density, leading to gradual corrosion depth growth, and a decrease in the corrosion resistance of the alloy. 6082 Aluminum alloy included AlMnFeSi, Mg2Si, and Si secondary phases. The different secondary phases presented different stress corrosion behaviors. Stress corrosion cracks were generated at the boundaries of AlMnFeSi and matrix or within the AlMnFeSi phase. Crack direction is always perpendicular to the tensile stress applied. Mg2Si secondary phase was self‐corroded as its corrosion potential is lower than that of the matrix. As the electric potential of Si is higher than that of the matrix, corrosion occurred at the matrix side of the boundary between Si and matrix.
Machine intelligence in peptide therapeutics: A next‐generation tool for rapid disease screening
Authors: Basith Shaherin , Manavalan Balachandran , Hwan Shin Tae , Lee Gwang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDiscovery and development of biopeptides are time‐consuming, laborious, and dependent on various factors. Data‐driven computational methods, especially machine learning (ML) approach, can rapidly and efficiently predict the utility of therapeutic peptides. ML methods offer an array of tools that can accelerate and enhance decision making and discovery for well‐defined queries with ample and sophisticated data quality. Various ML approaches, such as support vector machines, random forest, extremely randomized tree, and more recently deep learning methods, are useful in peptide‐based drug discovery. These approaches leverage the peptide data sets, created via high‐throughput sequencing and computational methods, and enable the prediction of functional peptides with increased levels of accuracy. The use of ML approaches in the development of peptide‐based therapeutics is relatively recent; however, these techniques are already revolutionizing protein research by unraveling their novel therapeutic peptide functions. In this review, we discuss several ML‐based state‐of‐the‐art peptide‐prediction tools and compare these methods in terms of their algorithms, feature encodings, prediction scores, evaluation methodologies, and software utilities. We also assessed the prediction performance of these methods using well‐constructed independent data sets. In addition, we discuss the common pitfalls and challenges of using ML approaches for peptide therapeutics. Overall, we show that using ML models in peptide research can streamline the development of targeted peptide therapies.