bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Therapy for Sepsis and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Byrnes Declan , Masterson Claire H. , Artigas Antonio , Laffey John G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) constitute devastating conditions with high morbidity and mortality. Sepsis results from abnormal host immune response, with evidence for both pro- and anti-inflammatory activation present from the earliest phases. The “proinflammatory” response predominates initially causing host injury, with later-phase sepsis characterized by immune cell hypofunction and opportunistic superinfection. ARDS is characterized by inflammation and disruption of the alveolar-capillary membrane leading to injury and lung dysfunction. Sepsis is the most common cause of ARDS. Approximately 20% of deaths worldwide in 2017 were due to sepsis, while ARDS occurs in over 10% of all intensive care unit patients and results in a mortality of 30 to 45%. Given the fact that sepsis and ARDS share some—but not all—underlying pathophysiologic injury mechanisms, the lack of specific therapies, and their frequent coexistence in the critically ill, it makes sense to consider therapies for both conditions together. In this article, we will focus on the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). MSCs are available from several tissues, including bone marrow, umbilical cord, and adipose tissue. Allogeneic administration is feasible, an important advantage for acute conditions like sepsis or ARDS. They possess diverse mechanisms of action of relevance to sepsis and ARDS, including direct and indirect antibacterial actions, potent effects on the innate and adaptive response, and pro-reparative effects. MSCs can be preactivated thereby potentiating their effects, while the use of their extracellular vesicles can avoid whole cell administration. While early-phase clinical trials suggest safety, considerable challenges exist in moving forward to phase III efficacy studies, and to implementation as a therapy should they prove effective.
New solution method for the problem of a uniformly charged straight wire
Authors: Ciftja Orion , Ciftja Brent 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A common problem in electrostatics is determining the electrostatic potential due to a uniformly charged straight wire. The solution of this problem illustrates well the types of calculations that one must perform in order to obtain the electrostatic potential or field of a given continuous charge distribution. In this work, we reconsider and solve the problem of a uniformly charged straight wire via a new method that is different from the popular direct integration approach found in the majority of physics textbooks. The outcomes of the two methods are compared and the results suggest several interesting mathematical formulas involving special functions.
Flexible and highly stable solar-blind photodetector based on room-temperature synthesis of amorphous Ga2O3 film
Authors: Xiao Shuya , Deng Yin , Chen Zhiyang , Wang Yuehui , Yu Jie , Tang Weihua , Wu Zhenping 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Flexible photodetectors (PDs) have received enormous interest owing to their potential applications in portable information technology and modern wearable optoelectronic devices. Herein, flexible solar-blind PDs based on amorphous Ga2O3 films fabricated on polyethylene naphthalate substrates at room temperature are demonstrated. The PD yields a responsivity up to 3.7 mA W−1, a fast response speed of 80 ms, a large detectivity of 1.14 × 1012 Jones, a high ultraviolet/visible rejection ratio of 6.1 × 103, and an ultra-high photo-to-dark current ratio over 105 at 10 V, which is comparable to the performance of a device on a rigid substrate. Moreover, the device exhibits no obvious performance degradation even after mechanical bending over 103 cycles, indicating an excellent stability. Our results pave the route for the realization of high-performance solar-blind optoelectronics with a flexible substrate.
Optimization of a new interatomic potential to investigate the thermodynamic properties of hypo-stoichiometric mixed oxide fuel U1−y
Pu
y
O2−x
Authors: Takoukam-Takoundjou C , Bourasseau E , Rushton M J D , Lachet V 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The behaviour of stoichiometric U1−y
Pu
y
O2 compounds used as nuclear fuel is relatively well understood. Conversely, the effects of stoichiometry deviation on fuel performance and fuel stability are intricate and poorly studied. In order to investigate what affect these have on the thermophysical properties of hypo-stoichiometric U1−y
Pu
y
O2−x
mixed oxide fuel, new interaction parameters based on the many-body CRG (Cooper–Rushton–Grimes) potential formalism were optimized. The new potential has been fitted to match experimental lattice parameters of U0.70Pu0.30O1.99 (O/M = 1.99) and U0.70Pu0.30O1.97 (O/M = 1.97), where M represents the total amount of metallic cations, through a rigorous procedure combining classical molecular dynamic and classical molecular Monte Carlo simulation methods. This new potential provides an excellent description of the U1−y
Pu
y
O2−x
system. Concerning lattice parameter, although fitted on only one Pu content (30%) and two stoichiometries (1.99 and 1.97), our potential allows good predictions compared to available experimental results as well as to available recommendations in wide ranges of O/M ratio, Pu content and temperature. For the U0.70Pu0.30O2−x
hypo-stoichiometric system (30% Pu content and O/M ratio ranging from 1.94 to 2.00), some direct properties (lattice parameter and enthalpy) and some derivative properties (linear thermal expansion coefficient and specific heat) were systematically investigated from room temperature up to the expected melting temperatures and a good agreement with experiments is found. Moreover, our potential shows good transferability to the plutonium sesquioxide Pu2O3 system.
Examining Grade 11 science students’ difficulties in learning
about vector operations
Authors: Tairab Hassan , Al Arabi Khaleel , Rabbani Lutfieh , Hamad Sara 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Studies on student learning of scientific concepts have shown that students often
experience various difficulties in understanding basic physics concepts such as
vector quantities, as a result of formal and informal learning. The purpose of
the present study is to document Grade 11 students’ difficulties in
understanding vectors and their associated concepts. Specifically, the study
tried to find answers to questions about the overall level of difficulty
experienced by Grade 11 students about vectors, the nature of these
difficulties, and their association with operations, such as scalars, adding
vectors graphically, determining vector magnitude and direction, and multiplying
vectors by numbers. Altogether, 58 Grade 11 students participated in this study.
The study employed a specifically adapted test to assess participants’
understanding of vectors in relation to: (1) identifying whether students can
distinguish between vectors and scalars, (2) adding vectors graphically, (3)
determining the vector magnitude and direction, and (4) multiplying vectors by
numbers. The findings suggested that, although most students were able to
distinguish between vectors and scalars, they had experienced various
difficulties in understanding operations in relation to adding vectors,
graphically and mathematically, determining vector magnitudes and directions,
and multiplying vectors by numbers. The findings were discussed within the
recent UAE educational reform policy.
Electrical asymmetry effect in inhomogeneously magnetized capacitively coupled plasmas
Authors: Sun Jing-Yu , Zhang Quan-Zhi , Liu Jia-Rui , Song Yuan-Hong , Wang You-Nian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The electrical asymmetry effect combined with the magnetic asymmetry effect in a geometrically symmetric argon discharge is investigated using a one-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation with a Monte Carlo collision model. Both the asymmetry effects can induce an asymmetric plasma response with a consequent dc self-bias. It is found that these two asymmetry effects work independently of each other to some extent, which greatly enhances the flexibility for controlling the ion properties of interest, e.g. ion flux Γi and mean ion energy

E

i

at electrodes on the weak magnetic field side. On one hand, Γi can be modulated by tuning the gradient of the magnetic field, while the angle distribution on electrodes remains approximately unaffected for a fixed phase angle θ on the weak magnetic field side with a small shift in ion energy peak. On the other hand,

E

i

can be modulated by adjusting θ, while Γi only slightly fluctuates at a fixed gradient of magnetic field. Besides, the confinement effect of magnetic field on electron motion induces enhanced ionization rate and plasma density near the sheath edge on the strong magnetic field side.
Gels, jets, mosquitoes, and magnets: a review of implantation strategies for soft neural probes
Authors: Apollo Nicholas V , Murphy Brendan , Prezelski Kayla , Driscoll Nicolette , Richardson Andrew G , Lucas Timothy H , Vitale Flavia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Implantable neuroelectronic interfaces have enabled breakthrough advances in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders, as well as in fundamental studies of brain function, behavior, and disease. Intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) mapping with stereo-EEG (sEEG) depth electrodes is routinely adopted for precise epilepsy diagnostics and surgical treatment, while deep brain stimulation has become the standard of care for managing movement disorders. Intracortical microelectrode arrays for high-fidelity recordings of neural spiking activity have led to impressive demonstrations of the power of brain-machine interfaces for motor and sensory functional recovery. Yet, despite the rapid pace of technology development, the issue of establishing a safe, long-term, stable, and functional interface between neuroelectronic devices and the host brain tissue still remains largely unresolved. A body of work spanning at least the last 15 years suggests that safe, chronic integration between invasive electrodes and the brain requires a close match between the mechanical properties of man-made components and the neural tissue. In other words, the next generation of invasive electrodes should be soft and compliant, without sacrificing biological and chemical stability. Soft neuroelectronic interfaces, however, pose a new and significant surgical challenge: bending and buckling during implantation that can preclude accurate and safe device placement. In this topical review, we describe the next generation of soft electrodes and the surgical implantation methods for safe and precise insertion into brain structures. We provide an overview of the most recent innovations in the field of insertion strategies for flexible neural electrodes such as dissolvable or biodegradable carriers, microactuators, biologically-inspired support structures, and electromagnetic drives. In our analysis, we also highlight approaches developed in different fields, such as robotic surgery, which could be potentially adapted and translated to the insertion of flexible neural probes.
How to ‘downsize’ a complex society: an agent-based modelling approach to assess the resilience of Indus Civilisation settlements to past climate change
Authors: Angourakis Andreas , Bates Jennifer , Baudouin Jean-Philippe , Giesche Alena , Ustunkaya M Cemre , Wright Nathan , Singh Ravindra N , Petrie Cameron A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The development, floruit and decline of the urban phase of the Indus Civilisation (c.2600/2500-1900 BC) provide an ideal opportunity to investigate social resilience and transformation in relation to a variable climate. The Indus Civilisation extended over most of the Indus River Basin, which includes a mix of diverse environments conditioned, among other factors, by partially overlapping patterns of winter and summer precipitation. These patterns likely changed towards the end of the urban phase (4.2 ka BP event), increasing aridity. The impact of this change appears to have varied at different cities and between urban and rural contexts. We present a simulation approach using agent-based modelling to address the potential diversity of agricultural strategies adopted by Indus settlements in different socio-ecological scenarios in Haryana, NW India. This is an ongoing initiative that consists of creating a modular model, Indus Village, that assesses the implications of trends in cropping strategies for the sustainability of settlements and the resilience of such strategies under different regimes of precipitation. The model aims to simulate rural settlements structured into farming households, with sub-models representing weather and land systems, food economy, demography, and land use. This model building is being carried out as part of the multi-disciplinary TwoRains project. It brings together research on material culture, settlement distribution, food production and consumption, vegetation and paleoenvironmental conditions.
Coordinated river infrastructure decisions improve net social-ecological benefits
Authors: Roy Samuel G , Daigneault Adam , Zydlewski Joseph , Truhlar Allison , Smith Sean , Jain Shaleen , Hart David 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We explore the social, ecological, economic, and technical dimensions of sustainable river infrastructure development and the potential benefits of coordinating decisions such as dam removal and stream crossing improvement. Dam removal is common practice for restoring river habitat connectivity and ecosystem health. However, stream crossings such as culverts are often 15 times more abundant than dams and may pose similar ecological impacts. Using multi-objective optimization for a model system of 6100 dams and culverts in Maine, USA, we demonstrate substantial benefit-cost improvements provided by coordinating habitat connectivity decisions. Benefit-cost efficiency improves by two orders of magnitude when coordinating more decisions across wider areas, but this approach may cause inequitable resource distribution. Culvert upgrades improve roadway safety and habitat connectivity, creating cost-effective opportunities for coordinating and cost-sharing projects between conservationists and safety managers. Benefit-cost trends indicate significant overlaps in habitat and safety goals, encouraging flexible stakeholder collaborations and cost-sharing strategies.
Garlic-based phenolic nanopowder as antibiofouling agent in mixed-matrix membrane
Authors: Wibisono Yusuf , Putri Ade Y. , Dewi Shinta R. , Putranto Angky W. , Izza Nimatul 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The mixed matrix membrane has been developed in this work by using cellulose acetate as a membrane matrix and garlic-based phenolic nanopowder as an anti-biofouling filler. The membrane prepared using the phase inversion method, utilizing dimethylformamide (DMF) as a solvent. Three variation of garlic extract (GE) nanopowder concentration of 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% were used, respectively. The mixed matrix membranes were tested their final thickness, morphology by using SEM, tensile strength, elasticity, clean water flux, and bacterial adhesion. Anti-biofouling activities of the garlic extract nanopowders were confirmed from the Escherichia coli bacterial adhesion, which 32 cells adhered in the pristine membrane surface, whereas nanopowder concentration of 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% mixed matrix membranes show 9, 12 and 10 cells adhered in the membrane surface, respectively. The phenolic compounds in the mixed matrix membranes were able to inhibit bacterial growth and potentially used for a safe and non-toxic tool for food processing, including juice clarification.
The effect of cold storage temperatures on respiration rate and physical quality of crownless pineapple (Ananas comosus L.)
Authors: Rahmadhanni D S D , Reswandha R , Rahayoe S , Bintoro N , Prasetyatama Y D , Karyadi J N W 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Pineapple is a horticultural product with high consumption and production. Also, this fruit has a perishable characteristic. It is influenced by physiological processes, which are respiration and transpiration. It needs good handling during the post-harvest process to control the freshness and quality, especially in the storage process. Thus, it is important to know the effect of low storage temperature on the respiration rate and physical quality of pineapple. In this study, a sample conducted triplicate and observed over a period by treating crownless pineapple in cold storage and storage temperature maintain at 7°C and 90% of relative humidity. The physical quality properties are weight loss, water content, shell and flesh colour, acidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and hardness. The respiration sample conducted a closed method with the plastic jar as a container to observe the changes of O2 and CO2 at 2, 4, 12, 24 hours intervals over 7.5 days of storage. The physical quality properties sample put in a carton box to observe the changes in the quality at 2-3 days intervals over 24 days. The resulted of respiration rate and physical properties changes slowly during storage. Some sample observed chilling injury with the black spot on the shell of the fruit. Overall, the weight loss, water content, and hardness decreased, and the colour changed from green to yellow in half of the fruit during storage.
Tomato food value chain: managing postharvest losses in Cameroon
Authors: Njume C A , Ngosong C , Krah C Y , Mardjan S 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) production contributes to food and nutrition security, and a lucrative business for many stakeholders. Major stakeholders in the tomato food value chain (TFVC) include farmers, middlemen, wholesalers, retailers, and consumers. Farmers contribute the highest in value addition of tomato but earn the lowest profit (8.8%) compared to retailers (53.0%) with the highest, while middlemen and wholesalers earn 19.2% and 19.9%, respectively. This review is aimed at improving TFVC in Fako Division, South West Region of Cameroon, by evaluating the causes of tomato postharvest losses (PHL) and proposing suitable innovative solutions and policies adapted from existing strategies across the globe. Smallholder farmers incur a lot of PHL of tomato due to mechanical injury from the use of raffia made baskets, overfilled basket, poor transportation and logistics facilities, and harvest maturity index. Perforated plastic crates could be used to reduce losses. The government of Cameroon needs to provide a legal framework on tomato marketing to help regulate the actions of the various actors in order to redistribute profit as per the value added by each actor. Management of PHL is a collective effort of all stakeholders working together to provide high quality and quantity of tomato fruits.
Determination of transfer coefficients of a tunnel type screenhouse for thermal modelling
Authors: Muhammad F , Suhardiyanto H 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Screenhouses could help the reduction of pesticide usage for sustainable agriculture production in the tropics. A screenhouse is inherently naturally ventilated by the air flowing through the screen that covers the structure. However, overheating is still a problem that often occurs inside screenhouses in the tropics. Therefore, it is important to develop a thermal model as design tool for tropical screenhouses. The objective of this study was to determine the screenhouse transmissivity and the overall heat transfer coefficient of a tunnel type screenhouse for thermal modelling. A thermal model has been developed to consider these transfer coefficients. The model was modified from thermal model proposed by Desmarais et al. Validation of the thermal model was done by comparing predicted air temperature inside the screenhouse to that of measured values. The average transmissivity of the screenhouse obtained was 0.42, while the heat transfer coefficient of the screenhouse averaged from measurement results was 51.6 W/m2 oC. The validation showed that predicted air temperature inside the screenhouse agreed well to that of the measured values. It was concluded that the thermal model could be used as a good design tool for tunnel type tropical screenhouses.
Enhancement of droplets quality for fog cooling system in a naturally-ventilated greenhouse using centrifugal and axial fans
Authors: Kendarto  , Handarto D R , Saukat M , Herwanto T , Pandiangan K 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A fog cooling system (FCS) is applied to maintain the desired air temperature and humidity in a greenhouse. For the effective application of this system, sizes of fog particles belonging to the criteria of less than 60 μm in diameter and its uniformity are important parameters that need to be achieved. The objective of this research is to analyze usage of centrifugal and axial fans in order to enhance quality of fog particles that generated through 0.1-mm nozzles. Horizontally installed nozzles with both centrifugal and axial fans to create finer and more uniform fog particles was compared with horizontal nozzles with centrifugal fans only and with axial fans only. The centrifugal fans are installed 80 cm in front of nozzles while the axial fans are installed behind nozzles. The sizes of fog particles resulted by centrifugal fan, axial fan, and both axial and centrifugal fans are 11.90 μm 5.280 μm and 2.69 μm respectively. The use of both fans produces the most delicate fog particles. Electricity consumption for both fans is the smallest compare to the other electrical appliances on FCS (relay, pump, pressure release valve). Additional electricity power consumption per hour due to the use of both fans is 25 W.
Detection of human fatigue level based on changes in skin color using RGB sensor
Authors: Priambudi F A , Herodian S , Saulia L 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Decreased work capacity could be caused by fatigue, which is a state of decreased efficiency and endurance. Fatigue can be measured using various methods, one of them is based on heart rate. Measurement of fatigue levels based on heart rate has been widely carried out, one of them is the use of contactless measurement. The objective of this research was to detect human fatigue levels using an RGB sensor based on changes in skin color with image processing technology. This research started from testing of the data intake system, followed by image data retrieval in the form of images before and after physical activity and fatigue levels data using the step test method. Image data capture is performed using an RGB sensor in the form of a Kinect 360 and mirrorless camera, while fatigue levels data used a pulse monitor. The next step was processing data using a simple linear regression method to see the level of correlation between the results of image processing in the form of changes in the RGB color of the skin with changes in fatigue levels based on changes in heart rate. The results of simple linear regression showed significant RGB color changes toward changes in fatigue levels with a correlation value reaching 0.8 when using mirrorless camera then Kinect 360. This result showed that the use of mirrorless camera is better. The average correlation value of 20 subjects at all points above 0.6 on the two sensors used. Each of the RGB color components had a significant change. This showed that there was a relationship between changes in RGB with fatigue level changes so that the method of detecting fatigue levels based on changes in skin color can be done.