bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All-optical Fredkin gate using photonic-crystal-based nonlinear cavities
Authors: Hassangholizadeh-Kashtiban Mahdi , Alipour-Banaei Hamed , Tavakoli Mohammad Bagher , Sabbaghi-Nadooshan Reza 
Published: December 2019

An all-optical Fredkin gate was proposed and designed. The Fredkin gate is a reversible logic gate. For designing the proposed structure we used three different optical nonlinear resonators. The wide-bandwidth resonators do not have switching functionality. However, the proposed resonator was modified to act as an optical switch in the horizontal direction. The final structure was designed using four wide-band resonators, twelve sharp resonators, and four nonlinear ring resonators. Simulation results show that the maximum rise time for the proposed structure is about 5 ps.
Legal form and independence of specialist regulators: the case of the Oil and Gas authority
Authors: Daintith Terence 
Published: December 2019

In this paper based on a presentation given at an IALS lunchtime seminar, Professorial Fellow and former Director of the Institute Terence Daintith explores the form, governance and remit of the Oil and Gas authority. As this legal form had never before been used for a specialist regulator in the UK, he suggests it is worth asking:

why this was done;
what government companies normally do;
what were the closest precedents;
what were the effects of the choice in relation to the control, accountability, and independence of the regulator; and
what might be the implications for the future.

Index keywords: Petroleum industry and trade, Petroleum law and legislation, Oil and Gas Authority, United Kingdom
The complexity of financial regulation and a quest for the grail
Authors: Kammel Armin J. 
Published: December 2019

In this article Dr Armin J. Kammel (Professor of Banking Law and Financial Regulation at Lauder Business School in Vienna and IALS Associate Research Fellow) offers an introduction to the concept of complexity and makes a critical assessment of its application to financial regulation and provides some future policy recommendations. Includes helpful bibliography.
Index keywords: financial regulation, banking law
Harmonisation impossible? On the evolution of the English, French, and Bulgarian approach to hardship in commercial contracts
Authors: Vassileva Radosveta 
Published: December 2019

Dr Radosveta Vassileva (Teaching Fellow at University College London) describes the origins and development of approaches in hardship in commercial contracts, looking particularly at approaches in French, Bulgarian and English law and examining the opportunities for harmonisation.
Index keywords: France, Bulgaria, UK, contract law, commercial contracts, hardship
IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM KAWASAN RUMAH PANGAN LESTARI DI KOTA SEMARANG: POTENSI EKONOMI YANG PERLU DITUMBUHKAN
Authors: Kusumaningsih Erma , Tyas Wido Prananing 
Published: December 2019

This study is intended to determine the extent of the implementation of the KRPL program in Semarang city, with a focus on analyzing the characteristics of its implementation and analyzing the program's contribution to the economies of beneficiary families. This study uses a mixed method that elaborates quantitative and qualitative analysis. Quantitative analysis was carried out through a survey method by distributing questionnaires to all members of the household beneficiaries in 2018, totaling 120 people. Qualitative analysis was used to strengthen quantitative analysis, through in-depth interviews with Semarang Food Security Department officials and companion group of beneficiaries. The results showed that the characteristics of the KRPL program beneficiaries were mostly productive age housewives with primary and secondary education. The implementation of the KRPL program has the potential to grow economic benefits. Even though at present, the KRPL program is limited to self-consumption and contributes to reducing domestic expenditure on food, but if taken seriously and sustainably on a broader scale, this program can be an alternative to improve welfare and reduce urban poverty
Andrographolide as a therapeutic agent against breast and ovarian cancers
Authors: Beesetti Swarna Latha , Jayadev Mavuluri , Subhashini Gnana Veera , Mansour Lamjed , Alwasel Saleh , Harrath Abdel Halim 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAndrographolide (ANDR), isolated from Andrographis paniculata, is a medicinal compound effective against infections, inflammatory disorders, and various cancers. In the present study, the effects of ANDR on NFkB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) activation, caspase-8-mediated apoptosis and pyroptosis, and extra cellular matrix (ECM) degradation were analyzed in A431, MDA-MB231, and SKOV-3 cell lines. Results showed that ANDR inhibited the growth and proliferation of cancer cell lines by inhibiting NFkB signaling. A significant decrease in phospho-p65 level was observed upon increasing ANDR concentration in epidermoid carcinoma and breast cancer cell lines, A431 and MDA-MB231, respectively. Accordingly, upon ANDR treatment, the expression of caspase-8 was increased, whereas no significant induction of caspase-1 expression was observed. Moreover, we observed a significant increase in the expression of tissue inhibitor of metallopeptidase-1 (TIMP1) upon increasing ANDR concentration. Such induction of TIMP1 inhibited the activity of matrix metallopeptidase-7 (MMP-7), thus preventing the degradation of ECM. Therefore, as ANDR shows cytotoxicity towards cancer cells via the NFkB signal transduction pathway without inducing pyroptosis and blocks breast and ovarian cancer invasion by inhibiting MMP-7 expression through TIMP1 up-regulation, it has the potential to be developed as a drug targeting ovarian and breast cancers.
Clinical evaluation of capillary B-type natriuretic peptide testing
Authors: Schreinlechner Michael , Mrakovic Anita , Laschober Gerhard , Mayerl Christina , Griesmacher Andrea , van Lippen Lian , Semjonow Veronique , Nieuwenhuis Jeroen , van Reenen Alexander , Mair Johannes 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Capillary B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) testing is attractive in outpatient and emergency settings. The aim of this study was to perform an evaluation of the clinical performances of capillary BNP testing as compared with venous whole blood and plasma point-of-care (POC) BNP as well as plasma N-terminal (NT) proBNP central laboratory testing.

Methods
BNP was measured with a novel single epitope POC assay (Minicare® BV, Eindhoven, The Netherlands) and NT-proBNP with a central laboratory assay (Roche Diagnostics®, Vienna, Austria).

Results
BNP and NT-proBNP were measured in 269 patients of a Department of Cardiology (mean age 67.9 ± 13 years, 26.4% females). Capillary BNP very closely correlated with whole blood venous BNP (r = 0.99, p < 0.001). There was also a close correlation of plasma BNP and NT-proBNP concentrations (r = 0.79, p < 0.001). The diagnostic performances of capillary BNP, whole blood venous BNP, plasma BNP and plasma NT-proBNP for acute heart failure (areas under receiver operating characteristic curves [AUC ROC]: 0.73–0.77) or systolic left ventricular dysfunction in the whole study population (AUC ROC: 0.72–0.76) did not differ significantly. All were significant independent predictors of cardiovascular death during follow-up of the whole study population.

Conclusions
Our study for the first time demonstrated a very close correlation of capillary and venous whole blood or plasma BNP concentrations using the same BNP assay in a large patient cohort. The diagnostic performances of different BNP specimens did not differ significantly, and no significant differences between BNP and NT-proBNP were found either.
Use of clinical data and acceleration profiles to validate pneumatic transportation systems
Authors: Gils Charlotte , Broell Franziska , Vinholt Pernille J. , Nielsen Christian , Nybo Mads 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Modern pneumatic transportation systems (PTSs) are widely used in hospitals for rapid blood sample transportation. The use of PTS may affect sample integrity. Impact on sample integrity in relation to hemolysis and platelet assays was investigated and also, we wish to outline a process-based and outcome-based validation model for this preanalytical component.

Methods
The effect of PTS was evaluated by drawing duplicate blood samples from healthy volunteers, one sent by PTS and the other transported manually to the core laboratory. Markers of hemolysis (potassium, lactate dehydrogenase [LD] and hemolysis index [HI]) and platelet function and activation were assessed. Historic laboratory test results of hemolysis markers measured before and after implementation of PTS were compared. Furthermore, acceleration profiles during PTS and manual transportation were obtained from a mini g logger in a sample tube.

Results
Hand-carried samples experienced a maximum peak acceleration of 5 g, while peaks at almost 15 g were observed for PTS. No differences were detected in results of potassium, LD, platelet function and activation between PTS and manual transport. Using past laboratory data, differences in potassium and LD significantly differed before and after PTS installation for all three lines evaluated. However, these estimated differences were not clinically significant.

Conclusions
In this study, we found no evidence of PTS-induced hemolysis or impact on platelet function or activation assays. Further, we did not find any clinically significant changes indicating an acceleration-dependent impact on blood sample quality. Quality assurance of PTS can be performed by surveilling outcome markers such as HI, potassium and LD.
Researching MediaSpace in a European cross-border region: The meaning of places and the function of borders
Authors: Lamour Christian 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Mass media can represent and help to recompose European spaces. The aim of the current article is to ascertain whether the journalistic representation of space within a European cross-border region is related to the economy driven functional integration favored by the EU’s new regionalism policies. Based on a content analysis of two interconnected newspapers located in the trans-frontier area centered around the Luxembourg economy, the objective is to explore the spatial arrangements orienting the mediatization of cross-border regionalization. The results show that new regionalism—meaning the definition of a de-bordered and urban regional unit based on economic competitive advantages—is not necessarily the most important geographical set of ideas leading to the production of images in a trans-frontier and European region. Each of the chosen newspapers has developed a cross-border agenda assigning specific values to state borders and places within this regional and functional setting.
How the hindered amines affect the microstructure and mechanical properties of nitrile-butadiene rubber composites
Authors: Song Meng , Wang Xiujuan , Wu Sizhu , Qin Qi , Yu Guomin , Liu Zhongzhu , Pei Haiyan , Zhang Yanli , Jiao Mingli 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Different hindered amines, GW-622 and GW-944, were added to a nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) matrix to prepare a hybrid damping material. The microstructure, compatibility, and dynamic mechanical properties of the hindered amine/NBR composites were investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DMA). The FTIR results showed that hydrogen bonds formed between the hindered amine molecules and the NBR matrix. The SEM and DSC results showed that both GW-622 and GW-944 had partial compatibility with the NBR matrix, and a two-phase structure appeared. The effective damping temperature ranges of the hindered amine/NBR composites were narrow at room temperature and broad at higher temperatures with increasing amounts of GW-622 and GW-944. Comparatively, the damping effect from the addition of GW-944 molecules was more clearly. The present work provides a theoretical basis for the preparation of optimum damping rubber materials.
Effects of Different Solid Solution Temperatures on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the AA7075 Alloy After T6 Heat Treatment
Authors: Tekeli Süleyman , Simsek Ijlal , Simsek Dogan , Ozyurek Dursun 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this study, the effect of solid solution temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of the AA7075 alloy after T6 heat treatment was investigated. Following solid solution at five different temperatures for 2 hours, the AA7075 alloy was quenched and then artificially aged at 120∘C for 24 hours. Hardness measurements, microstructure examinations (SEM+EDS, XRD) and tensile tests were carried out for the alloys. The results showed that the increased solid solution temperature led to formation of precipitates in the microstructures and thus caused higher hardness and tensile strength.
Effect of Ni Reducibility on Anisole Hydrodeoxygenation Activity in the La-Ni/γ-Al2O3 Catalytic System
Authors: Pomeroy Brett , Doxtator Teri , Herrera Jose E. , Pjontek Dominic 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The effect of lanthanum addition on the activity of a series of Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalysts for anisole hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) was evaluated. Catalyst characterization using hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR) and UV-visible spectroscopy suggests that lanthanum incorporation results in the formation of larger metallic Ni domains in the catalyst surface, which in turn favour the direct anisole hydrogenation pathway to methoxycyclohexane. Despite the improvements to reducibility that resulted from the incorporation of La, the catalysts displayed lower selectivity towards cyclohexane, independent of total nickel loading. The catalytic activity results were rationalized in terms of a proposed reaction pathway where anisole is initially hydrogenated followed by sequential deoxygenation steps.
Kinetics Investigation of Carbon Dioxide Hydrate Formation Process in a New Impinging Stream Reactor
Authors: Bai Jing , Xie Gengbiao , Li Lingqian , Li Pan , Fang Shuqi , Chang Chun 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The absorption of carbon dioxide by hydrates is considered as one of the potential methods for carbon capture and storage. In this work, a new impinging stream reactor was designed to investigate the characteristics of carbon dioxide hydrate formation process. The experiments were carried out at different pressure, temperature and impinging strength. It was shown that the carbon dioxide hydrate formation process could be enhanced by the impinging stream technique. With the increased of impinging strength, both gas consumption and hydration rate were increased. In addition, initial pressure and temperature also had an effect on the carbon dioxide hydrate formation process. Moreover, the kinetics of carbon dioxide hydrate formation was discussed. When the initial pressure was 3.5 MPa and impinging strength was 0.21, the activation energy was 24.74 kJ/mol, which was similar to the experimental data available in the literature.
Investigation of Hydrodynamic and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Gas-liquid Taylor flow in Square Microchannel
Authors: Jin Zunlong , Sun Qiqi , Wang Dingbiao , Wang Yongqing 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Heat transfer and flow characteristics under air-water Taylor flow in a square microchannel with T-junction were investigated in this work. Different hydraulic diameters of models were discussed numerically by VOF method. Flow patterns such as bubbly flow, slug flow, annular flow and churn flow were identified by both numerical simulation and experimental methods. Simulation results including bubble formation process, bubble length, bubble velocity, void fraction and heat transfer fit well with literature data. The pressure differential of two sides in gas phase played an important role in bubble development. The gas and liquid superficial velocities were found to have a significant impact on bubble behavior. And the higher liquid viscosity would promote higher bubble velocity, also enhance heat transfer, but weaken the void fraction. The results showed a tiny but not ignorable effect of geometric dimensioning on bubble and liquid slug lengths. An appropriate correlation was proposed to estimate bubble length, and the deviation was −10 ~ + 15 %. By using moving frame of reference technique, the internal circulations inside the moving slugs were displayed more clearly.
Long-term effects of GnRH agonist treatment on body mass index in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty
Authors: Vuralli Dogus , Ozon Zeynep Alev , Gonc Elmas Nazli , Alikasifoglu Ayfer , Kandemir Nurgun 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Studies evaluating effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) on weight and body-mass-index (BMI) in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty (iCPP) include short-term effects. The aim of this study is to investigate changes in BMI during and 2 years after completion of GnRHa to determine the factors that may impact BMI in girls with iCPP.

Methods
Medical files of 138 girls who completed GnRHa were evaluated. All patients had weight and height measurements at the beginning and end of treatment, and 111 patients had anthropometric measurements 2 years after the completion of treatment.

Results
In the beginning, 82 (59.4%) had normal weight (NW), 42 (30.4%) were overweight (OW), and 14 (10.2%) were obese (OB). Analysis of BMI-standard deviation score (SDS) in the whole group showed an overall increase during GnRHa treatment (0.92 ± 0.74 vs. 1.20 ± 0.51, p < 0.001). Changes in BMI-SDS (ΔBMI-SDS) during GnRHa differed between NW and OW/OB (0.45 ± 0.31 vs. 0.03 ± 0.20, p < 0.001). BMI-SDSs of both groups returned to baseline scores (or initial levels) 2 years after the completion of treatment. Two factors affecting ΔBMI-SDS in multiple linear regression analyses were baseline BMI and Δheight-SDS, both correlated negatively with ΔBMI-SDS.

Conclusions
The present study is one of the studies evaluating BMI change over a long period of time in girls with CPP. Although BMI-SDS increased during GnRHa in NW girls, it was reversible in follow-up after treatment. However, BMI-SDS did not change during and in follow-up in OW/OB girls. Conserving BMI-SDS in OW/OB girls may be related to the fact that weight management programs were recommended for these patients. Dietary recommendations should be provided for children with NW who undergo GnRHa, as is the case for OW patients.
Celiac disease in Saudi children with isolated short stature: is it rare or are we not screening rigorously enough?
Authors: Saadah Omar I. , ALNosani Nouf M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundCeliac disease (CeD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy induced by gluten exposure in individuals with genetic susceptibility. Short stature (SS) can be the sole clinical manifestation of CeD, in the absence of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of CeD in Saudi Arabian children with SS.Patients and methodsMedical records were reviewed in a total number of 275 retrospective cases (during the period 2002–2014) of children with isolated SS from King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah. Their serum samples were tested with tissue transglutaminase (tTG) antibodies. Patients with a positive serology were scheduled for an upper endoscopy and intestinal biopsy to confirm CeD diagnosis before starting a gluten-free diet (GFD). Clinical, anthropometric and laboratory data were recorded for all patients.ResultsA total of 275 children with SS were included. The mean age ± standard deviation (SD) was 9.4 ± 4.0 years (range, 2.6–16.9 years) and males constituted the predominant gender group (151/275; 54.9%) over females (124/275; 45.1%). The mean ± SD height for age z score (HAZ) was −2.9 ± 1.0.Thirty-eight (13.8%) had positive serology, and 16 (5.8%) had biopsy-proven CeD. Apart from the difference in duration of delayed bone age between CeD patients and CeD-negative serology subjects (mean ± SD, 39.6 ± 10.5 vs. 18.6 ± 16.8, p = 0.02), no other major difference in other clinical or laboratory parameters was evident.ConclusionsThe prevalence rate of CeD in Saudi Arabian SS children was 5.8%, which is comparable to published reports of a number of other countries. Regular screening of children with SS is therefore justifiable.
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its associated factors in overweight and obese adolescents
Authors: Dejavitte Rosemeire A.S. , Enes Carla C. , Nucci Luciana B. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is not only a problem of adulthood but is already present in children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of MetS in adolescents and to identify the associated factors.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study with 354 overweight and obese school-aged adolescents (10–19 years). Sociodemographic, anthropometric, clinical, biochemical and lifestyle variables were collected. MetS was identified according to the criteria proposed by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between risk variables and MetS.

Results
The prevalence of MetS was 9.6%. Among adolescents with MetS, all of them had low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), while 76.5% had hyperglycemia and 38.2% had hypertriglyceridemia. Only 12.1% did not present any component of MetS, while 40% had at least two components. Multivariate analysis showed that being a girl was a protective factor (odds ratio [OR] = 0.29, confidence interval [CI] = 0.13–0.65) for the presence of MetS, while obesity (OR = 3.63, CI = 1.62–8.17) and being insufficiently active (OR = 4.60, CI = 1.01–20.96) were the risk factors for MetS.

Conclusions
Obese and insufficiently active male adolescents are more likely to have MetS. Early identification of MetS components, especially among obese adolescents, is an important tool for the prevention of cardiovascular complications in adult life.
Do we need a biobank law?
Authors: Goebel Jürgen W. , Scheller Jürgen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper deals with the question of whether it is necessary to pass a special law for the establishment and operation of biobanks. For this purpose, some legal aspects are presented by way of example that are involved in operating a biobank (data protection, personal rights, consent, protection against seizure, etc.). The authors then discuss a draft law from 2010 which, however, was rejected by parliamentary committees on the grounds that there was no need for legislating this issue. This is then followed by the description of a second attempt to create a biobank law, which was undertaken by a group of professors from Augsburg and Munich in 2015. Again, the authors conclude that there is no acute need for such a law. Biobanking science and practice have already given rise to regulations (guidelines, model texts, procedural rules, etc.) that create a sufficiently secure basis for bio-banking.
Crystal structure of 3-methyl-3-(2,4,5-trimethyl-3,6-dioxocyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)butanoic acid, C14H18O4
Authors: Liu Peilian , Chen Lijun , Chen Jieping , Huang Guiyuan , Sun Ying , Zhou Guohua 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
C14H18O4, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 10.8905(6) Å, b = 9.9903(5) Å, c = 12.7101(6) Å, β = 104.912(2)°, V = 1336.28(12) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0502, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1504, T = 296(2) K.
The crystal structure of (5-chloro-2-hydroxy-N-(4-methoxy-2-oxidobenzylidene)benzohydrazonato-κ3
N,O,O′)-(pyridine-κ1N)copper(II), C20H16ClCuN3O4
Authors: Xin Wang , Shuli Li , Liguo Yang , Haixiang Song , Yongsheng Niu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
C20H16ClCuN3O4, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.629(4) Å, b = 8.893(5) Å, c = 14.193(8) Å, α = 88.603(6)°, β = 81.093(6)°, γ = 83.715(6)°, V = 945.6(9) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0245, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0709, T = 296(2) K.