bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitruvian Man
Authors: Oksanish John 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis book offers a new assessment of the Roman architect Vitruvius and his treatise, On Architecture. Once reviled by scholars as a half-witted proletarian, Vitruvius emerges as well read and politically able when read alongside literary coevals through an intertextual lens. No building of Vitruvius’s name survives from antiquity, but his treatise remains a formidable literary construction that partakes of Rome’s vibrant textual culture. The book explores Vitruvius’s portrait of the ideal architect as an imposing “Vitruvian man” at the dawn of Augustus’s empire. In direct dialogue with his republican model, Cicero’s ideal orator, the architect embodies a distinctly imperial civic ethos in which technically skilled partisans supersede old elites as guarantors of Augustan authority. Vitruvius promises to shape not only the emperor’s legacy with architecture, but also the notion of a Roman citizen through the figure of the ideal architect.
Vitruvius, man?
Authors: Oksanish John 
Published: December 2019

AbstractChapter 1 surveys what little we can say with reasonable certainty about Vitruvius’s life and the circumstances surrounding De architectura’s publication. Our knowledge of the historical Vitruvius is occluded by a lack of contemporary external testimony, by his declared attitudes toward representation, and by a particularly complex reception tradition both within and outside of Classical scholarship. This chapter focuses in particular on the second of these factors. First, I examine how the work’s dedicatory preface, with its open interest in “representing” Augustan auctoritas, exemplifies the basic difficulties presented by Vitruvius’s rhetoric in the absence of external testimony. I also examine Vitruvius’s attitudes toward texts through close readings of the prefaces to books 7 and 9. The presence of Ennius in the latter of these has confounded scholars, but his appearance there in conjunction with references to the simulacrum and figura poetae compels analogy to ancestral imagines. Next, I turn to Cicero’s Pro Archia, which also compares the commemorative power of text and image with recourse to Ennius. I suggest that Vitruvius’s strategies of self-representation portray him as a close adviser who appropriates the glory of an imperator for the populus Romanus. Comparisons with Horace’s persona in his Satires and apparitorial scribae remain useful, even if Vitruvius’s scribal status is not assured. But Vitruvius’s self-effacing pose should also be understood as an iteration of an earlier model, the Ennian “good friend.”
Epilogue
Authors: Oksanish John 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe epilogue examines the implications of Vitruvius’s claim at the end of the preface to De architectura 2 to have relied on his scripta and scientia rather than his physique to achieve renown. Vitruvius designs for himself a palimpsestic body. His textual corpus and the knowledge occluded by it (cf. chapter 3) complement his physical corpus (cf. chapters 4 and 5) in an iconic definition of a pistos hetairos who is remarkable for the power he claims over the emperor’s legacy no less than for his alleged subservience. Professionalism was, as ever, political. Again, this is not to say that Vitruvius was a mere shill for Augustus. The chapter ends with a discussion of how Vitruvius’s characterization of Alexander works to caution Augustus against tyranny and even (perhaps) to encourage artistic autonomy by comparison with later accounts of the meeting with Dinocrates, in which Alexander rejects the project for its hubris and connotations of flattery, which may yet remain perceptible beneath the surface of the Vitruvian version.
The Proximity of Other Skins
Authors: Parreñas Shimizu Celine 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Transnational films representing intimacy and inequality disrupt and disgust Western spectators. When wounded bodies within poverty entangle with healthy wealthy bodies in sex, romance and care, fear and hatred combine with desire and fetishism. Works from the Philippines, South Korea, and independents from the United States and France may not be made for the West and may not make use of Hollywood traditions. Rather, they demand recognition for the knowledge they produce beyond our existing frames. They challenge us to go beyond passive consumption, or introspection of ourselves as spectators, for they represent new ways of world-making we cannot unsee, unhear, or unfeel. The spectator is redirected to go beyond the rapture of consuming the other to the rupture that arises from witnessing pain and suffering. Self-displacement is what proximity to intimate inequality in cinema ultimately compels and demands so as to establish an ethical way of relating to others. In undoing the spectator, the voice of the transnational filmmaker emerges. Not only do we need to listen to filmmakers from outside Hollywood who unflinchingly engage the inexpressibility of difference, we need to make room for critics and theorists who prioritize the subjectivities of others. When the demographics of filmmakers and film scholars are not as diverse as its spectators, films narrow our worldviews. To recognize our culpability in the denigration of others unleashes the power of cinema. The unbearability of stories we don’t want to watch and don’t want to feel must be borne.
Guest is God
Authors: Thomases Drew 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This book is based on ethnographic fieldwork in Pushkar, a Hindu pilgrimage site in northwestern India whose population of 20,000 sees an influx of two million visitors each year. Since the 1970s, the town has also received considerable attention from international tourists, a group with distinctly hippie beginnings but that now includes visitors from a wide spectrum of social positions and religious affiliations. To locals, though, Pushkar is more than just a gathering place for pilgrims and tourists: it is where Brahma, the creator god, made his home; it is where pilgrims feel blessed to stay, if only for a short time; and it is where Hindus would feel lucky to be reborn, if only as an insect. In short, it is their paradise. But even paradise needs upkeep. Thus, on a daily basis the town’s locals, and especially those engaged in pilgrimage and tourism, work to make Pushkar paradise. The book explores this massive enterprise to build “heaven on earth,” paying particular attention to how the articulation of sacred space becomes entangled with economic changes brought on by globalization and tourism. As such, the author not only attends to how tourism affects everyday life in Pushkar but also to how Hindu ideas determine the nature of tourism there; the goal, then, is to show how religion and tourism can be mutually constitutive.
Introduction
Authors: Moland Naomi A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractChapter 1 introduces the book by discussing the key dilemmas that arose during the creation of Sesame Square, the Nigerian version of Sesame Street. It outlines the program’s goals to teach tolerance and peaceful coexistence to Nigerian children and the challenges of promoting these goals in the Nigerian context. This chapter introduces two dilemmas that form the central arguments of the book: first, that multicultural education and celebrating diversity can inadvertently exacerbate stereotypes; and second, that a violent and unjust context can undermine tolerance messages. This chapter reviews historical, political, and cultural aspects of the Nigerian context, including the rise of the extremist group Boko Haram, whose name means “Western education is forbidden.” It also explores what the United States government (which funds Sesame Square) believes the program might do to build stability, peace, and American goodwill in Nigeria. The chapter closes by previewing the content of the following chapters.
Can Zobi Build National Unity?
Authors: Moland Naomi A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractChapter 5, “Can Zobi Build National Unity?,” examines the depiction of the Nigerian nation—and the calls for national unity—on Sesame Square. It explores the hopes of Sesame Square’s creators that the program could create a sense of “Nigerian-ness” among young viewers. Feelings of national pride were seen as antidotes to the ethnic and religious allegiances that were allegedly contributing to ongoing conflicts, so creators included symbols, songs, and messages celebrating Nigeria. Yet calls for viewers to be proud of their country seemed unrealistic in a context where the fragile Nigerian state is failing to provide basic services for its citizens (including education) and is indiscriminately arresting and executing thousands of Muslims. This chapter focuses on the book’s second overarching argument: that a violent public curriculum undermines messages of unity and peace.
Can Big Bird Fight Terrorism?
Authors: Moland Naomi A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractChapter 6, “Can Big Bird Fight Terrorism?,” examines some creators’ hopes that messages on Sesame Square—particularly messages about school attendance, gender equality, and tolerance—could counter Boko Haram’s messages. This chapter addresses both of the book’s overarching arguments. First, as creators decided what messages northern children needed to hear to make them less susceptible to extremist ideologies, they sometimes stereotyped northerners as all being connected to Boko Haram—supporting the book’s first argument that multicultural efforts can reproduce stereotypes. Second, the public curriculum in Nigeria undermined Sesame Square’s antiterrorist messages. Moreover, some creators seemed skeptical that an iconically American educational television program could be a match for an extremist group whose name means “Western education is forbidden.” The current conflict is further eroding intergroup trust and reinforcing stereotypes between groups, making Sesame Square’s messages seem increasingly unrealistic. This chapter explores the particular challenges that terrorism poses to educational soft power efforts.
What Really Sets Priorities?
Authors: Bump Jesse B. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The practice of priority-setting in global health has evolved to include both helpful strengths and extraordinary weaknesses. This chapter explores how context and methods shape the priority-setting process and influence its outcomes through an historical analysis of four cases of decision-making about cholera and diarrheal diseases: in Jamaica in 1850, in London in 1866, by multilateral development agencies in the 1980s, and by Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance in 2006. The chapter focuses on the nature of the state–citizen relationship, the type of evidence used, the methods of analysis employed, and the identity of those whose judgment is applied to explain variation in decision-making. Analyzing these examples suggests that priority-setting has evolved to become a narrow exercise incapable of reckoning broader problems, ill suited to assessing comprehensive solutions, and unlikely to contribute to the development of state capacity. Taken together, these findings argue for rethinking priority-setting methods to better account for a wider range of problems, more participatory processes, and more comprehensive solutions.
The Lexical Object
Authors: Adams Michael 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAdams discusses the formulation of Richardson’s New Dictionary of the English Language, focusing especially on Richardson’s influences as he defined his methods and the organizing principles he applied to the construction of the dictionary. Following Horne Tooke, Richardson’s method viewed etymology as unifying different words with distinct meanings and grammatical functions. As such, he lumped derivationally-related words in single entries and eschewed historical principles favoured by other prominent lexicographers. This entry-level practice, Adams argues, had a number of drawbacks, despite Richardson’s supposedly scientific arrangement of English words and the underlying semantic principle his method was meant to support. Though Richardson’s methods were largely ignored by subsequent lexicographers, Adams argues, without Richardson’s intervention in the history of lexicography, there would have been no OED. With its primary focus on Richardson and consideration of other significant contributions to continental lexicography, Adams’ chapter engages the argument about what dictionaries should do—whether they’re about words or meanings or usage or culture, and if in some combination, in what proportion. He claims that although this is principally a nineteenth-century argument, it persists as a conceptual and practical problem for lexicography to the present day.
Contemporary logomachies
Authors: Pinfari Marco 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This chapter continues with the line of argument presented in chapter 2 about the role of monster images in framing “terrorist” actors and about the recurrence of monster metaphors that not only convey their “otherness” but also, more forcefully, their resilience and unmanageability. The first paragraph presents the pseudo-scientific framing of anarchists in the late nineteenth century as half-human, half-feral uncontrollable brutes. The following section reviews the resort to religious and “cosmic war” imagery in framing “terrorist” groups as part of ethnonationalist conflicts, including the biblical “beasts” cited by Ian Paisley, the unmanageable yakku of Sinhalese folklore, and the resilient people of Amalek who fought the Israelites throughout most of their ancient history. The final paragraph introduces the concept of global jihad and discusses the reasons why Frankenstein’s monster and the hydra proved to be the most popular metaphors for describing both al-Qaeda and the Islamic State.
The Created Will
Authors: Kantzer Komline Han-luen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Chapter 1 introduces Augustine’s earliest conception of will, synthesizing his comments in a number of his key anti-Manichean works as well as in two of his early classics, Soliloquies and On Free Will. Augustine’s conception of will in these texts is already both theological and biblically informed, though not in quite the same way as it will be in more mature periods. Augustine elaborates his understanding of will in these early works in light of, and in support of, general principles emerging from scripture as a whole—creation, God’s justice, the analogy between divine and creaturely being as expressed, for example, in the doctrine of the imago dei—whereas later he will rely to a greater extent on specific biblical pericopes. The resulting portrait of will accords it enormous importance, power, and potential for goodness. To speak in Augustine’s own terms, the will is a hinge (cardo) upon which the moral status of each act and the possibility of attaining fellowship with God depend.
What Is in Our Power
Authors: Kantzer Komline Han-luen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Chapter 3 begins to look at how Augustine’s thought on the good will developed during the Pelagian controversy. It considers Augustine’s answers to the question of what is within human power with respect to the will by addressing two subsidiary questions: How much can people do to achieve a good will? and How much can people do to enact a good will, to carry through with the good they want even when their will is weak? Augustine’s conviction that human beings need God’s help for the latter remained constant throughout the Pelagian controversy. Over time, however, he understood the need for God’s electing grace for the former, to meet the preconditions of conversion, in more and more radical terms. This development was not a result of polemical exigency alone but the gradual outworking of decades of struggling with the writings of Paul following Augustine’s initial flash of insight in Ad Simplicianum.
God’s Gardening
Authors: Kantzer Komline Han-luen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Chapter 4 continues the analysis begun in chapter 3 of the Pelagian controversy, now turning attention to the specific question of how God impacts the will. It tackles this question in two parts. The first focuses on the theme of prayer. Throughout the Pelagian controversy, Augustine consistently points to prayer, especially the Lord’s Prayer, as evidence of God’s impact on the will. The Christian practice of prayer, as interpreted in scripture, is a key source for Augustine’s views about God’s impact upon the human will. The second part addresses how Augustine’s views develop over time. Whereas Augustine’s estimation of what is in human power with respect to good willing contracts over the course of the Pelagian controversy, his estimation of the extent of God’s role in effecting good human willing expands with each successive stage. Throughout the controversy, however, he views God’s aid as indispensible for right human willing.
The Redeemed Will
Authors: Kantzer Komline Han-luen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Chapter 5 continues to concentrate on developments during the Pelagian controversy, setting forth Augustine’s diverse responses to the question of what the will is under grace. Part I introduces two of Augustine’s central images: the everyday image of a root and the abstract image of the eye of the soul. Part II analyzes a number of other ways Augustine characterizes the good will. Part III assesses the relationship between the good will and the heart in Augustine’s thinking. The overall picture of the good will that emerges during the Pelagian controversy is presented in part IV. For Augustine, rather than having its own independently coherent character, the will is good in relation to God, its maker and redeemer.
The Holy Spirit and the Will
Authors: Kantzer Komline Han-luen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Inseparably involved in the transforming work of Christ is the Holy Spirit. Yet the Holy Spirit relates to the human will in a manner unique to the Holy Spirit’s own divine person. After addressing the connection of Christ’s work upon the will to that of the Holy Spirit and the Holy Spirit’s role in enabling right human willing, this chapter investigates how the human will images the Holy Spirit in De Trinitate, thereby demonstrating how Augustine’s understanding of the human will is essentially connected to his account of the Trinitarian relations. The Holy Spirit’s involvement in Augustine’s concept of the human will takes place not only on the level of analogy but also on the level of concrete intervention. Since this loving activity is specifically the activity of the Holy Spirit, Augustine’s account of will has a distinctively triune, and therefore distinctively Christian, character.
Conclusion
Authors: Kantzer Komline Han-luen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The conclusion comments briefly on the concrete images Augustine uses to represent the will in its various permutations, the matter of defining the Augustinian will, and the contested issue of how Augustine’s theology of the will situates him in the Western intellectual tradition. It addresses the key sources for Augustine’s thinking. These include philosophy but also, first and foremost, the Christian scriptures, and a long line of earlier Christian reflection on human freedom and will, running from Origen to Cyprian and Ambrose. The latter two thinkers supplied key building blocks for the Augustinian will. The originality of Augustine’s thinking on the will rests upon the theological differentiation of his approach, the centrality of divine action in making human willing what it is, and the link he establishes between willing and loving, between the will and the heart.
Meaning and semantic composition
Authors: Dalrymple Mary , Lowe John J. , Mycock Louise 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis chapter explores the theory of the relation between syntax and meaning, examining how the meaning of an utterance is determined on the basis of its syntactic structure. The existence of a separate level of semantic structure or s-structure, related to the f-structure by a correspondence function is assumed. Some previous LFG approaches to semantics and the syntax-semantics interface are briefly reviewed before an introduction to the glue approach to semantic composition (Section 8.5). This approach, which is adopted in the rest of the book, provides a firm theoretical foundation for the discussions and analyses that are presented. The properties of thefragment of linear logic that are used in this book are introduced in Section 8.7. A detailed account of the semantics of quantification within the glue approach is provided in Section 8.8. The representation of semantic features is discussed in Section 8.9, and how to represent tense and aspect inSection 8.10.
Functional and anaphoric control
Authors: Dalrymple Mary , Lowe John J. , Mycock Louise 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis chapter explores the syntax and semantics of functional and anaphoric control, constructions in which either syntactic or lexical constraints require coreference between an argument of the matrix clause (the controller) and an argument of a subordinate or modifying adjunct clause (the controllee). Such cases include the classes of “raising” verbs (Section 15.2) and “equi” verbs (Section 15.4). Crosslinguistically, descriptions of such constructions involve reference to functional syntactic relations such as subject and object; therefore, the syntactic discussion in this chapter is primarily centered around the f-structures of functional and anaphoric control constructions. A detailed semantic analyses of functional and anaphoric control constructions is also presented, considering arbitrary, obligatory, and quasi-obligatory (partial) control relations, and a discussion of the syntax and semantics of control in adjuncts (Section 15.8).
The Wooster Group’s To You, The Birdie!
Authors: Cole Emma 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
New York-based theatre company The Wooster Group have a long history of using canonical texts as springboards for devised productions. Their 2002 To You, The Birdie! ostensibly used Racine’s neoclassical Phèdre as a source text; however, the artists also engaged with Euripides’ Hippolytus and included numerous elements from the Greek tragedy and its reception history in their production. Chapter 4 analyses To You, The Birdie! and reveals that within its highly ambiguous, disorienting performance aesthetic lay a complex engagement with the political. It argues that the production was infused with explicit political dimensions surrounding the company’s identity, the form of the production, and the socio-political context in which it was first read, alongside implicit political elements relating to the play’s exploration of gender, class, and its emphasis on the incomplete nature of the classics. Through comparative reference to Sarah Kane’s Phaedra’s Love, the chapter demonstrates how different reinventions of the same myth can substantiate alternate national traditions and, through their similarities and differences, shed further light on the role of tragedy in the modern world.