bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectral Doppler ultrasound in selecting an equine embryo receiver
Authors: Ferreira Camila Silva Costa , Morais Rita de Cássia Lima , de Andrade Amanda Bricio Pereira , Balaro Mário Felipe A. , Ribas José Antônio Silva , Gomes Gustavo Mendes , Pinna Aline Emerim 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate whether the RI and PI values would help in choosing the best embryo recipient, and observe whether CL vascularization would influence P4 production. During the breeding season 2018/2019, the study was conducted using 35 mares, which is used for reference to collect data for the project on the day of embryo transfer. The utilized mares were divided into five groups followed by the day after ovulation, with D0 being the day of ovulation. Therefore, the five groups are as follows: D4—mares that were on the 4th post‐ovulation day; D5—mares that were on the 5th post‐ovulation day; and doing so successively for D6, D7 and D8. On the day of embryo transfer, the CL of the mares that selected as recipients was evaluated by B‐mode and power flow mode ultrasonography and the right and left dorsal branches of the uterine arteries by spectral Doppler ultrasonography. Blood samples were taken on the day of the embryo transfer for a dosage of P4 concentration by radioimmunoassay. No statistical difference was found between the variables when the mares were separated into pregnant and non‐pregnant mares, or when they were separated by age groups. When the groups of mares were compared by the day of embryo transfer, the statistical difference was found between the groups D5 × D6 (p = .0053) and D6 × D8 (p = .0036) in RI variable. In PI variable, the statistical difference was found between the groups D4 × D8 (p = .049), D5 × D6 (p = .0446) and D6 × D8 (p = .0024). We conclude that the mares with RI measurement of uterine arteries near 1.0 are correlated to mares with high CL vascularization and elevated P4 concentration.
Impact of commodity prices on exchange rates in commodity‐exporting countries
Authors: Jiménez‐Rodríguez Rebeca , Morales‐Zumaquero Amalia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper studies the link between real exchange rates and commodity prices, over the period 1993M1–2018M12, for commodity‐exporting countries by analysing countries individually and considering the possibility of structural breaks. Our results suggest that: (a) the movements in the price of the main commodity (i.e., the one whose share is at least 20% of total commodity export) affect significantly to the real exchange rate; (b) the sign of the effect of commodity prices on real exchange rate is not clearly positive (as was found by earlier analyses using panel data), but it depends on the country considered; and (c) the negative effects of the possession of natural resources observed in the past decades seem not to be now overwhelming.
Evaluation of the hydroxyethyl starch stabilizing agent, Vetstarch, in the preservation of canine cerebrospinal fluid samples
Authors: Peterson Lindsey N. , Christian John A. , Bentley R. Timothy , Moore George E. , Thomovsky Stephanie A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundA challenge of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is the time‐dependent degradation of nucleated cells, impeding accurate interpretation. CSF additives have been used to delay cell degradation; however, stabilizing agents, including serum, can alter microprotein levels.ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine if the hydroxyethyl starch, Vetstarch, is effective at preserving nucleated cell morphology in CSF compared with the saline diluent or serum without altering microprotein levels.MethodsCSF samples were collected from 26 dogs. Samples were divided into four aliquots. One aliquot was analyzed immediately (control). The remaining three aliquots were mixed with either saline, fetal calf serum, or Vetstarch before storage at 4°C. Nucleated cell differentials, protein concentrations, and cell morphology scores were analyzed 48 hours later. A cell morphology score of 1 indicated no cellular degeneration; a score of 4 indicated severe degeneration.ResultsSamples stored in serum, saline, and Vetstarch exhibited poorer mean (±SD) morphology scores (2.4 ± 0.7, 2.6 ± 0.8, and 2.7 ± 0.9, respectively) compared with controls (1.9 ± 0.4). Samples stored in saline and Vetstarch demonstrated higher percentages of unrecognizable cells, with a median of 28 (range 0‐100) and 27 (0‐100), respectively; samples stored in serum had a median of 14 (range 0‐67) unrecognizable. Microprotein levels of samples stored in Vetstarch were dependent on the method of protein analysis. Serum significantly increased microprotein levels.ConclusionsVetstarch does not reduce time‐dependent cellular degeneration compared with the saline diluent or serum and is, therefore, not recommended as a stabilizing agent for canine cerebrospinal fluid.
Normobaric hypoxia does not alter the critical environmental limits for thermal balance during exercise‐heat stress
Authors: Coombs Geoff B. , Cramer Matthew N. , Ravanelli Nicholas , Imbeault Pascal , Jay Ollie 
Published: March 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Hypoxia reportedly does not impair thermoregulation during exercise in compensable heat stress conditions: does it have an impact on maximal heat dissipation and therefore the critical environmental limit for the physiological compensability of core temperature?
What is the main finding and its importance?
Although skin blood flow was higher in hypoxia, no differences in sweat rates or the critical environmental limit for the physiological compensability of core temperature – an indicator of maximal heat loss – were found compared to exercise in normoxia, indicating no influence of normobaric hypoxia on thermoregulatory capacity in warm conditions.
AbstractAltered control of skin blood flow (SkBF) in hypoxia does not impair thermoregulation during exercise in compensable conditions, but its impact on maximal heat dissipation is unknown. This study therefore sought to determine whether maximum heat loss is altered by hypoxia during exercise in warm conditions. On separate days, eight males exercised for 90 min at a fixed heat production of ∼500 W in normoxia (NORM) or normobaric hypoxia (HYP, = 0.13) in a 34°C environment. Ambient vapour pressure was maintained at 2.13 kPa for 45 min, after which it was raised 0.11 kPa every 7.5 min. The critical ambient vapour pressure at which oesophageal temperature inflected upward (Pcrit) indicated that maximum heat dissipation had been reached. Neither local sweat rates on the upper arm, back and forehead (average NORM: 1.46 (0.15) vs. HYP: 1.41 (0.16) mg cm−2 min−1; P = 0.59) nor whole‐body sweat losses (NORM: 1029 (137) g vs. HYP: 1025 (150) g; P = 0.95) were different between trials. Laser‐Doppler flux values (LDF; arbitrary units), an index of SkBF, were not different between NORM and HYP on the forearm (P = 0.23) or back (P = 0.73); however, when normalized as a percentage of maximum, LDF values tended to be higher in HYP compared to NORM at the forearm (condition effect, P = 0.05) but not back (P = 0.19). Despite potentially greater SkBF in hypoxia, there was no difference in Pcrit between conditions (NORM: 3.67 (0.35) kPa; HYP: 3.46 (0.39) kPa; P = 0.22). These findings suggest that hypoxia does not independently alter thermoregulatory capacity during exercise in warm conditions.
The Effect of Inlet Swirl on Brush Seal Bristle Deflections and Stability
Authors: Liu Yuxin , Chew John W. , Pekris Michael J. , Kong Xiaozhi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper considers three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and structural modeling of brush seals, and investigates the effects of inlet swirl on the bristle pack. The model couples aerodynamic forces generated by CFD to a structural model that includes interaction between bristles. At a critical value of inlet swirl, aerodynamic forces cause circumferential slip of the upstream bristle row. In practice, this may lead to instability of the bristle pack and is consistent with anecdotal reports of seal behavior. The critical swirl velocity was reduced when the downstream pressure level was raised, keeping the same upstream total to downstream static pressure difference. This is caused by the increased dynamic head associated with the inlet swirl. Inclusion of a front plate in the seal design does not offer the intended protection to the bristle pack in highly swirling environments. This is associated with highly swirling flow impinging on the bristle tips. Fitting of roughness elements on the upstream face of the front plate could improve stability by reducing swirl of the flow impacting on the bristles. Increasing the bristle diameter and bristle stiffness does not necessarily prevent slip at higher inlet swirl velocities, but reduces the magnitude of slip of the upstream bristles.
An Accurate Linearization of Electromagnetic Force of Heteropolar Magnetic Bearings With Redundant Structures
Authors: Xin Cheng , Baixin Cheng , Han Liu , G. M Allen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Fault tolerance is one of the practical and effective approaches to improve the reliability of magnetic bearings. The linearization of the electromagnetic force (EMF) from the redundant structures is the crucial basis of the design of a fault-tolerant controller. In this paper, we propose an accurate linearization approach for the heteropolar magnetic bearings with redundant structures by solving the Taylor series expansion equation of the current distribution matrix (W) in the nonequilibrium position and introducing a set of displacement compensation matrices to establish a unified accurate EMF model including the controlled current and rotor position. The proposed approach can effectively decrease the EMF error between the actual physical model and the linearized model compared with the existing methods for the consideration of the rotor position. Moreover, the solutions of the current distribution matrix and the relevant optimization approach have been presented on the basis of the proposed approach to help to design a high-performance fault-tolerant controller in the entire rotor displacement range. The numerical results demonstrated the noticeable accuracy advantages of the proposed EMF model.
Constraints on rock uplift in the eastern Transverse Ranges and northern Peninsular Ranges and implications for kinematics of the San Andreas fault in the Coachella Valley, California, USA
Authors: Spotila James A. , Mason Cody C. , Valentino Joshua D. , Cochran William J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe nexus of plate-boundary deformation at the northern end of the Coachella Valley in southern California (USA) is complex on multiple levels, including rupture dynamics, slip transfer, and three-dimensional strain partitioning on nonvertical faults (including the San Andreas fault). We quantify uplift of mountain blocks in this region using geomorphology and low-temperature thermochronometry to constrain the role of long-term vertical deformation in this tectonic system. New apatite (U-Th)/He (AHe) ages confirm that the rugged San Jacinto Mountains (SJM) do not exhibit a record of rapid Neogene exhumation. In contrast, in the Little San Bernardino Mountains (LSBM), rapid exhumation over the past 5 m.y. is apparent beneath a tilted AHe partial retention zone, based on new and previously published data. Both ranges tilt away from the Coachella Valley and have experienced minimal denudation from their upper surface, based on preservation of weathered granitic erosion surfaces. We interpret rapid exhumation at 5 Ma and the gentle tilt of the erosion surface and AHe isochrons in the LSBM to have resulted from rift shoulder uplift associated with extension prior to onset of transpression in the Coachella Valley. We hypothesize that the SJM have experienced similar rift shoulder uplift, but an additional mechanism must be called upon to explain the pinnacle-like form, rugged escarpment, and topographic disequilibrium of the northernmost SJM massif. We propose that this form stems from erosional resistance of the Peninsular Ranges batholith relative to more-erodible foliated metamorphic rocks that wrap around it. Our interpretations suggest that neither the LSBM nor SJM have been significantly uplifted under the present transpressive configuration of the San Andreas fault system, but instead represent relict highs due to previous tectonic and erosional forcing.
Widefield optical coherence tomography angiography for early detection and objective evaluation of proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Khalid Hagar , Schwartz Roy , Nicholson Luke , Huemer Josef , El-Bradey Mohamed Hosny , Sim Dawn A , Patel Praveen J , Balaskas Konstantinos , Hamilton Robin D , Keane Pearse A , Rajendram Ranjan 
Published: March 2020

PurposeTo evaluate the utility of widefield optical coherence tomography angiography (WF-OCTA) compared with clinical examination in grading diabetic retinopathy in patients diagnosed clinically with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) or severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR).DesignThis retrospective observational case series included patients diagnosed clinically with PDR or severe NPDR. Patients underwent standard clinical examination and WF-OCTA imaging (PLEX Elite 9000, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG) using 12×12 montage scans between August 2018 and January 2019. Two trained graders identified neovascularisation at the disc (NVD) and neovascularisation elsewhere (NVE) on WF-OCTA which were compared with the clinical examination, and to ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography (UWFA) when available.ResultsSeventy-nine eyes of 46 patients were evaluated. Of those, 57 eyes were diagnosed clinically with PDR, and 22 with severe NPDR. NVD was detected on OCTA-B scan as preretinal hyperreflective material (PRHM) in 39 eyes (100%) with evident flow signals in 79.5% compared with 51.3% detected clinically. We further classified NVD on OCTA into four subtypes and found that subtypes 1 and 2 could not be seen on clinical examination alone. WF-OCTA detected NVE in 81% of the cases compared with 55.7% detected clinically. Using WF-OCTA resulted in a higher percentage of PDR grading (88.6%) than on clinical examination (72.2%). When available, UWFA confirmed the WF-OCTA diagnosis in the majority of cases.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that WF-OCTA has a higher detection rate of PDR than clinical examination. This suggests that this modality could be used non-invasively for the purpose of early detection and characterisation of neovascularisation.
Association between suicide reporting in the media and suicide: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Niederkrotenthaler Thomas , Braun Marlies , Pirkis Jane , Till Benedikt , Stack Steven , Sinyor Mark , Tran Ulrich S , Voracek Martin , Cheng Qijin , Arendt Florian , Scherr Sebastian , Yip Paul S F , Spittal Matthew J 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between reporting on suicides, especially deaths of celebrities by suicide, and subsequent suicides in the general population.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesPubMed/Medline, PsychInfo, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar, searched up to September 2019.Review methodsStudies were included if they compared at least one time point before and one time point after media reports on suicide; follow-up was two months or less; the outcome was death by suicide; and the media reports were about non-fictional suicides. Data from studies adopting an interrupted time series design, or single or multiple arm before and after comparisons, were reviewed.Results31 studies were identified and analysed, and 20 studies at moderate risk of bias were included in the main analyses. The risk of suicide increased by 13% in the period after the media reported a death of a celebrity by suicide (rate ratio 1.13, 95% confidence interval 1.08 to 1.18; 14 studies; median follow-up 28 days, range 7-60 days). When the suicide method used by the celebrity was reported, there was an associated 30% increase in deaths by the same method (rate ratio 1.30, 95% confidence interval 1.18 to 1.44; 11 studies; median follow-up 28 days, range 14-60 days). For general reporting of suicide, the rate ratio was 1.002 (0.997 to 1.008; five studies; median follow-up 1 day, range 1-8 days) for a one article increase in the number of reports on suicide. Heterogeneity was large and partially explained by celebrity and methodological factors. Enhanced funnel plots suggested some publication bias in the literature.ConclusionsReporting of deaths of celebrities by suicide appears to have made a meaningful impact on total suicides in the general population. The effect was larger for increases by the same method as used by the celebrity. General reporting of suicide did not appear to be associated with suicide although associations for certain types of reporting cannot be excluded. The best available intervention at the population level to deal with the harmful effects of media reports is guidelines for responsible reporting. These guidelines should be more widely implemented and promoted, especially when reporting on deaths of celebrities by suicide.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42019086559.
Development of a multivariable prediction model for plantar foot ulcer recurrence in high-risk people with diabetes
Authors: aan de Stegge Wouter B , Abu-Hanna Ameen , Bus Sicco A 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionForty per cent of people with diabetes who heal from a foot ulcer recur within 1 year. The aim was to develop a prediction model for plantar foot ulcer recurrence and to validate its predictive performance.Research design and methodsData were retrieved from a prospective analysis of 171 high-risk patients with 18 months follow-up. Demographic, disease-related, biomechanical and behavioral factors were included as potential predictors. Two logistic regression models were created. Model 1 for all recurrent plantar foot ulcers (71 cases) and model 2 for those ulcers indicated to be the result of unrecognized repetitive stress (41 cases). Ten-fold cross-validation, each including five multiple imputation sets, was used to internally validate the prediction strategy; model performance was assessed in terms of discrimination and calibration.ResultsThe presence of a minor lesion, living alone, increased barefoot peak plantar pressure, longer duration of having a previous foot ulcer and less variation in daily stride count were predictors of the first model. The area under the receiver operating curve was 0.68 (IQR 0.61–0.80) and the Brier score was 0.24 (IQR 0.20–0.28). The predictors of the second model were presence of a minor lesion, longer duration of having a previous foot ulcer and location of the previous foot ulcer. The area under the receiver operating curve was 0.76 (IQR 0.66–0.87) and the Brier score was 0.17 (IQR 0.15–0.18).ConclusionsThese validated prediction models help identify those patients that are at increased risk of plantar foot ulcer recurrence and for that reason should be monitored more carefully and treated more intensively.
A two-part model to estimate inpatient, outpatient, prescribing and care home costs associated with atrial fibrillation in Scotland
Authors: Ciminata Giorgio , Geue Claudia , Langhorne Peter , Wu Olivia 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to estimate global inpatient, outpatient, prescribing and care home costs for patients with atrial fibrillation using population-based, individual-level linked data.DesignA two-part model was employed to estimate the probability of resource utilisation and costs conditional on positive utilisation using individual-level linked data.SettingsScotland, 5 years following first hospitalisation for AF between 1997 and 2015.ParticipantsPatients hospitalised with a known diagnosis of AF or atrial flutter.Primary and secondary outcome measuresInpatient, outpatient, prescribing and care home costs.ResultsThe mean annual cost for a patient with AF was estimated at £3785 (95% CI £3767 to £3804). Inpatient admissions and outpatient visits accounted for 79% and 8% of total costs, respectively; prescriptions and care home stay accounted for 7% and 6% of total costs. Inpatient cost was the main driver across all age groups. While inpatient cost contributions (~80%) were constant between 0 and 84 years, they decreased for patients over 85 years. This is offset by increasing care home cost contributions. Mean annual costs associated with AF increased significantly with increasing number of comorbidities.ConclusionThis study used a contemporary and representative cohort, and a comprehensive approach to estimate global costs associated with AF, taking into account resource utilisation beyond hospital care. While overall costs, considerably affected by comorbidity, did not increase with increasing age, care home costs increased proportionally with age. Inpatient admission was the main contributor to the overall financial burden of AF, highlighting the need for improved mechanisms of early diagnosis to prevent hospitalisations.
Knowing what the patient wants: a hospital ethnography studying physician culture in shared decision making in the Netherlands
Authors: Spinnewijn Laura , Aarts Johanna , Verschuur Sabine , Braat Didi , Gerrits Trudie , Scheele Fedde 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesTo study physician culture in relation to shared decision making (SDM) practice.DesignExecution of a hospital ethnography, combined with interviews and a study of clinical guidelines. Ten-week observations by an insider (physician) and an outsider (student medical anthropology) observer. The use of French sociologist Bourdieu’s ’Theory of Practice’ and its description of habitus, field and capital, as a lens for analysing physician culture.SettingThe gynaecological oncology department of a university hospital in the Netherlands. Observations were executed at meetings, as well as individual patient contacts.ParticipantsSix gynaecological oncologists, three registrars and two specialised nurses. Nine of these professionals were also interviewed.Main outcome measuresCommon elements in physician habitus that influence the way SDM is being implemented.ResultsThree main elements of physician habitus were identified. First of all, the ‘emphasis on medical evidence’ in group meetings as well as in patient encounters. Second ’acting as a team’, which confronts the patient with the recommendations of a whole team of professionals. And lastly ‘knowing what the patient wants’, which describes how doctors act on what they think is best for patients instead of checking what patients actually want. Results were viewed in the light of how physicians deal with uncertainty by turning to medical evidence, as well as how the educational system stresses evidence-based medicine. Observations also highlighted the positive attitude doctors actually have towards SDM.ConclusionsCertain features of physician culture hinder the correct implementation of SDM. Medical training and guidelines should put more emphasis on how to elicit patient perspective. Patient preferences should be addressed better in the patient workup, for example by giving them explicit attention first. This eventually could create a physician culture that is more helpful for SDM.