bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Several forms of SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be detected in wastewaters : implication for wastewater-based epidemiology and risk assessment
Authors: Wurtzer S. , Waldman P. , Ferrier-Rembert A. , Frenois-Veyrat G. , Mouchel JM. , Boni M. , Maday Y. ,   OBEPINE consortium, Marechal V. , Moulin L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a public health emergency of international concern. Although SARS-CoV-2 is considered to be mainly transmitted by inhalation of contaminated droplets and aerosols, SARS-CoV-2 is also detected in human feces and in raw wastewaters suggesting that other routes of infection may exist. Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 genomes in wastewaters has been proposed as a complementary approach for tracing the dynamics of virus transmission within human population connected to wastewater network. The understanding on SARS-CoV-2 transmission through wastewater surveillance, the development of epidemic modeling and the evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from contaminated wastewater are largely limited by our knowledge on viral RNA genome persistence and virus infectivity preservation in such an environment. Using an integrity based RT-qPCR assay this study led to the discovery that SARS-CoV-2 RNA can persist under several forms in wastewaters, which provides important information on the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in raw wastewaters and associated risk assessment.Graphical Abstract
Decision tree models and cell fate choice
Authors: Veleslavov Ivan Croydon , Stumpf Michael P.H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSingle cell transcriptomics has laid bare the heterogeneity of apparently identical cells at the level of gene expression. For many cell-types we now know that there is variability in the abundance of many transcripts, and that average transcript abun-dance or average gene expression can be a unhelpful concept. A range of clustering and other classification methods have been proposed which use the signal in single cell data to classify, that is assign cell types, to cells based on their transcriptomic states. In many cases, however, we would like to have not just a classifier, but also a set of interpretable rules by which this classification occurs. Here we develop and demonstrate the interpretive power of one such approach, which sets out to establish a biologically interpretable classification scheme. In particular we are interested in capturing the chain of regulatory events that drive cell-fate decision making across a lineage tree or lineage sequence. We find that suitably defined decision trees can help to resolve gene regulatory programs involved in shaping lineage trees. Our approach combines predictive power with interpretabilty and can extract logical rules from single cell data.
Bursting firing in ventromedial hypothalamic neurons exerts dual control of anxiety-like behavior and energy expenditure
Authors: Shao Jie , Gao Dashuang , Liu Yunhui , Chen Shanping , Liu Nian , Zhang Lu , Zhou Xinyi , Xiao Qian , Wang Liping , Hu Hailan , Yang Fan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractExposure to chronic stress induces anxiety-like behavior and metabolic changes in animals, resulting in adaptive or maladaptive responses to the stressful environment. Recent studies have indicated the dorsomedial ventromedial hypothalamus (dmVMH) as an important hub that regulates both anxiety and energy homeostasis. However, up to now, how dmVMH neurons exert dual control of chronic stress-induced anxiety and energy expenditure remains poorly understood. Here, we established a chronic-stress mouse model that induced anxiety-like behavior, reduced food consumption, and decreased energy expenditure. We found thatc-fosexpression increased and theta band power is higher in the dmVMH after chronic stress, and the proportion of burst firing neurons significantly increased, which was mediated by elevated expression of T-type calcium channel Cav 3.1. Optogenetically evoked burst firing of dmVMH neurons induced anxiety-like behavior, shifted the respiratory exchange ratio toward fat oxidation, and decreased food intake, while knockdown of Cav3.1 in the dmVMH had the opposite effects. Collectively, our study first revealed an important role of dmVMH burst firing in the dual regulation of anxiety-like behavior and energy expenditure, and identified Cav 3.1 as a crucial regulator of the activity of the burst firing neurons in dmVMH. These molecular and cellular level findings will advance our understanding of the chronic stress-induced emotional malfunction and energy expenditure disorders.
Genomic Insights of an Andean Multi-resistant Soil Actinobacterium of Biotechnological Interest
Authors: Alonso-Reyes Daniel , Galván Fátima Silvina , Portero Luciano Raúl , Alvarado Natalia Noelia , Farías María Eugenia , Vazquez Martín P. , Albarracín Virginia Helena 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTCentral Andean Ecosystems (between 2000 and 6000 masl) are typical arid to semiarid environments suffering from the highest total solar and UVB radiation on the planet but displaying numerous salt flats and shallow lakes. Isolated from these environments, Andean Microbial Communities (AME) of exceptional biodiversity endures multiple severe conditions. Also, the poly-extremophilic nature of AME’s microbes indicates the potential for biotechnological applications. In this context, the presented study used genome mining and physiological characterization to reveal the multi-resistant profile ofNesterenkonia sp. Act20, an actinobacterium isolated from the soil surrounding Lake Socompa, Salta, Argentina (3570 m). UV-B, desiccation, and copper assays showed the strain’s exceptional resistance to all these factors. Act20’s genome presented coding sequences involving antibiotics, low temperatures, UV and arsenic resistance, nutrient limiting conditions, osmotic stress response, low atmospheric oxygen pressure, heavy metal stress, and resistance to fluoride and chlorite. Act20 can also synthesize proteins and natural products such as an insecticide, bacterial cellulose, ectoine, bacterial hemoglobin, and even antibiotics like colicin V and aurachin C. We also found numerous enzymes for animal and vegetal biomass degradation and application in other industrial processes.The herein report shed light on the microbial adaptation to high-altitude environments, its possible extrapolation for studying other extreme environments of relevance, and its application to industrial and biotechnological processes.HIGHLIGHTSArid Andean Soils are attractive sources of microbial strains useful in biotechnological processes.Physiological studies revealed the multi-resistant nature of the poly-extremophileNesterenkonia sp. Act20.Act20’s genome analysis showed a complete set of genes coding for proteins involved in resistance to multiple stresses, including extremoenzymes and extremolytes.
The Arabidopsis TTL3 protein interconnects brassinosteroid signalling and cytoskeleton during lateral root development
Authors: Xin Pengfei , Schier Jakub , Kulich Ivan , Dubrovsky Joseph G. , Jean-Philippe Vielle-Calzada , Soukup Aleš 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLateral roots are essential components of the plant edaphic interface, contributing to water and nutrient uptake, biotic and abiotic interactions, stress survival, and plant anchorage. We have identified the TETRATRICOPEPTIDE-REPEAT THIOREDOXIN-LIKE 3 (TTL3) being related to lateral root emergence and later development. TTL3 interacts with microtubules and potentially interconnects cytoskeletal function with the brassinosteroid signalling pathway. Loss of function ofTTL3leads to a reduced number of emerged lateral roots due to delayed development of lateral root primordia. Lateral root growth of thettl3mutant is less sensitive to BR treatment. Timing and spatial distribution ofTTL3expression is consistent with its role in development of lateral root primordia before their emergence and subsequent development into lateral roots. TTL3 is a novel component of the root system morphogenesis regulatory network.
Isolation and identification ofPhytophthoraspecies оn nut-bearing plants
Authors: Surina T. A. , Kopina M. B. , Smirnova A.V. , Shukhin D.I. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe paper describes the isolation and identification of pathogens from soil samples taken in the Moscow region from walnut plants with signs of wilting and stem ulcers. Isolation ofPhytophthorafrom soil samples was carried out by the method of floating biological baits with subsequent isolation of pathogens on a semi-selective nutrient medium - P5ARP [H]. Samples were taken from the colonies for DNA isolation. After that, PCR analysis was carried out with primers YPh1F / YPh2R and ITS4 / ITS5 and sequencing. As a result of the studies carried out, colonies similar to the morphological characteristics ofP. cactorumandP citricolawere obtained and confirmed by sequencing.
Dynamics of myogenic differentiation using a novel Myogenin knock-in reporter mouse
Authors: Benavente-Diaz Maria , Comai Glenda , Di Girolamo Daniela , Langa Francina , Tajbakhsh Shahragim 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundMyogeninis a transcription factor that is expressed during terminal myoblast differentiation in embryonic development and adult muscle regeneration. Investigation of this cell state transition has been hampered by the lack of a sensitive reporter to dynamically track cells during differentiation.ResultsHere, we report a knock-in mouse line expressing the tdTOMATO fluorescent protein from the endogenousMyogeninlocus. Expression of tdTOMATO inMyogntdTommice recapitulated endogenousMyogeninexpression during embryonic muscle formation and adult regeneration and enabled the isolation of the Myogenin+cell population. We also show that tdTOMATO fluorescence allows tracking of differentiating myoblastsin vitroand by intravital imagingin vivo. Lastly, we monitored by live imaging the cell division dynamics of differentiating myoblasts in vitro and showed that a fraction of the MYOGENIN+population can undergo one round of cell division, albeit at a much lower frequency than MYOGENIN-myoblasts.ConclusionsWe expect that this reporter mouse will be a valuable resource for researchers investigating skeletal muscle biology in developmental and adult contexts.
Pleiotropic Roles for thePlasmodium bergheiRNA Binding Protein UIS12 in Transmission and Oocyst Maturation
Authors: Müller Katja , Silvie Olivier , Mollenkopf Hans-Joachim , Matuschewski Kai 
Published: December 2020

AbstractColonization of the mosquito host byPlasmodiumparasites is achieved by sexually differentiated gametocytes. Gametocytogenesis, gamete formation and fertilization are tightly regulated processes, and translational repression is a major regulatory mechanism for stage conversion. Here, we present a characterization of aPlasmodium bergheiRNA binding protein, UIS12, that contains two conserved eukaryotic RNA recognition motifs (RRM). Targeted gene deletion resulted in viable parasites that replicate normally during blood infection, but form fewer gametocytes. Upon transmission toAnopheles stephensimosquitoes, both numbers and size of midgut-associated oocysts were reduced and their development stopped at an early time point. As a consequence, no salivary gland sporozoites were formed indicative of a complete life cycle arrest in the mosquito vector. Comparative transcript profiling in mutant and wild-type infected red blood cells revealed a decrease in transcript abundance of mRNAs coding for signature gamete-, ookinete- and oocyst-specific proteins inuis12(-)parasites. Together, our findings indicate multiple roles for UIS12 in regulation of gene expression after blood infection in good agreement with the pleiotropic defects that terminate successful sporogony and onward transmission to a new vertebrate host.
NOFSal-MP10: A single hypervariable STR 12-plex for accurate verification of triploidy in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.)
Authors: Jacq Celeste 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn increasing interest in production of sterile fish in aquaculture requires rapid, accurate and efficient testing for certification of triploidy prior to sale. Further, validation of triploidy can be beneficial, and even required, for accrediting methods of triploid production. A PCR-genotyping approach using a single megaplex of 12 hypervariable STR markers shows accurate and highly repeatable results enabling verification of ploidy in a single test. The NOFSal-MP10 panel contains 12 STR markers mapped to 9 chromosomes with an average of 21.4 alleles per marker for a combined total of 257 alleles based on genotyped samples to-date. The hypervariable nature of these 12 STRs leads to a large probability for three uniquely sized alleles to be observed at each marker, thus providing a rapid confirmation of ploidy based on the count of allele fragments per marker. Further, as a PCR amplification step is involved, this method is robust to DNA quality and quantity, making it suitable for very early determination of ploidy, as early as the eyed-egg stage. Repeat genotyping of positive control diploid Atlantic salmon over two different capillary electrophoretic instruments in different laboratories and with multiple laboratory personnel proves the panel’s robustness to scoring errors with an overall allelic error rate of 0.3% and a false-positive triploid assignment rate of zero. Genotyping of DNA from 1238 eggs and larvae from 18 independent triploid production batches over three years confirmed triploidy in 98% of samples based on a semi-strict criterion of three unique alleles at one or more loci, and 95% based on a strict criterion of three unique alleles at two or more loci.HighlightsThis paper describes a rapid quantifiable test for validation of triploidy in Atlantic salmonThe method is highly accurate and repeatable and robust to DNA quality, allowing testing in embryonic stagesRapid early testing of triploidy will enable certified sales of triploid eggs for production
Subclinical psychopathy, interpersonal workplace exchanges and moral emotions through the lens of affective events theory (AET)
Authors: Boulter Louise , Boddy Clive 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to better comprehend the subclinical psychopath's intra and interpersonal moral emotions in the context of their natural habitat, the workplace, alongside implications for employees and organisations.Design/methodology/approachThis study draws on affective events theory (AET) to illuminate this dark-side phenomenon. Thematic analysis is used to identify themes from qualitative data collected from a small sample of interviews conducted with human resource management (HRM) directors and other managers.FindingsThe findings show that the subclinical psychopath is agentic, being unfettered by intra self-directed conscious moral emotions. The predominant moral emotion directed at employees during interpersonal workplace exchanges is typically anger. However, it appears likely the subclinical psychopath fakes this moral emotion as a smokescreen for manipulative and exploitative gains. The predominant moral emotion directed by employees towards the subclinical psychopath is fear. Employees resort to avoidance and withdrawal behaviour and intentions to quit become a reality.Practical implicationsThe signalling quality of employees' moral emotions and subsequent dysfunctional avoidance and withdrawal behaviour can provide valuable information to HRM professionals in the detection of subclinical psychopaths which is acknowledged as notoriously difficult.Originality/valueThis study contributes new knowledge to subclinical psychopathy and makes novel use of AET to explore this personality type as a driver of employees' negative workplace emotions, the impact on employees' behaviour alongside implications for organisational effectiveness.
Epidemiology and molecular characterization of chikungunya virus from human cases in North India, 2016
Authors: Khan Naushad , Bhat Ruchika , Jain Vineet , Raghavendhar B Siva , Patel Ashok K. , Nayak Kaustuv , Chandele Anmol , Murali‐Krishna Kaja , Ray Pratima 
Published: December 2020

AbstractChikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arthropod‐borne Alphavirus is responsible for chikungunya disease. Arthralgia and arthritis are the major symptom. Some patients recover early while others for a very long time. This study provides, epidemiology and molecular characterization of three whole‐genome sequences of CHIKV and assessed phylogenetic analysis, physiological properties, antigenicity, and B‐cell epitope prediction by in silico. We report the clinical epidemiology of 325 suspected patients. Of these, 118 (36.30%) were confirmed CHIKV positive by either PCR or ELISA. Clinical analysis showed joint pain, joint swelling and headache were frequent and significant features. Phylogenie analysis showed the currently circulating strain is in close clustring to Africa, Uganda, and Singapore CHIKV strains. Molecular characterization by WGS was done. Thirty eight amino acid changes in the nonstructural proteins were found with respect to the S27 (ECSA) strain. Of these five located in nsP2. Similarly, 34 amino acid changes in structural proteins were observed. The major change was notice; in E3 protein hydropathicity −0.281 to −0.362, in E2 isoelectric point (pI) 8.24 to 8.37, instability index 66.08 to 71.062, aliphatic index varied from 74.69 to 68.59 and E3 75.79 to 70.05. In nsP1 protein pI varies from 6.62 to 8.04, while no other change was observed in structural and nonstructural protein. The linear B‐cell epitopes, position, and number varied with the mutation. The molecular characterizations of WGS demonstrate the observation of protein, antigenicity with respect to the mutation.
The nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase antagonist FK866 inhibits growth of prostate tumour spheroids and increases doxorubicin retention without changes in drug transporter and cancer stem cell protein expression
Authors: Sauer Heinrich , Kampmann Henning , Khosravi Farhad , Sharifpanah Fatemeh , Wartenberg Maria 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a rate‐limiting enzyme for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) synthesis and is involved in cancer cell proliferation through regulation of energy production pathways. Therefore, NAMPT inhibitors are promising drugs for cancer therapy by limiting energy supply of tumours. Herein, we demonstrated that the NAMPT inhibitor FK866 ((E)‐N‐(4‐(1‐Benzoylpiperidin‐4‐yl)butyl)‐3‐(pyridin‐3‐yl)acrylamide) dose‐dependently inhibited growth and cell motility of DU‐145 prostate tumour spheroids and decreased the intracellular ATP concentration. The apoptosis marker cleaved caspase‐3 remained unchanged, but the autophagy marker microtubule‐associated protein 1A/1B‐light chain 3 (LC3) was upregulated. Growth inhibition was reversed upon co‐administration of NAD to the cell culture medium. FK866 decreased calcein as well as pheophorbide A efflux from tumour spheroids and increased doxorubicin toxicity, indicating interference with function of drug efflux transporters. DU‐145 multicellular tumour spheroids expressed the stem cell associated markers CD133, CD44, Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, and drug transporters ABCB1, ABCG2, and ABCC1 which are associated with stem cell properties in cancer cells. The ABCB1 inhibitor zosuquidar, the ABCG2 inhibitor Ko143, and the ABCC1 inhibitor MK571 increased calcein retention. Neither protein expression of stem cell markers, nor drug transporters was significantly changed upon FK866 treatment. In conclusion, our data suggest that FK866 inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation by interference with the energy metabolism, and function of drug efflux transporters.
Correlations between neck circumference and serum thyroid hormones levels in postmenopausal women with euthyroid and subclinical hypothyroidism
Authors: Jian Chaohui , Xu Yiting , Ma Xiaojing , Shen Yun , Wang Yufei , Bao Yuqian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMiddle‐aged and elderly women are at a higher risk of subclinical hypothyroidism (SHypo). Menopause is an important period of metabolic change in women and thyroid hormones are closely related to metabolic status. Neck circumference (NC) is a simple anthropometric index that reflects upper body fat accumulation. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the relationship between NC and thyroid hormones in postmenopausal women. A total of 1050 postmenopausal women were enrolled from Shanghai Zhabei communities (888 euthyroid subjects and 162 SHypo patients). Anthropometric parameters, including NC, were measured. The measurements of serum thyroid hormones were performed by electrochemical luminescence immunoassay. The results showed NC was positively correlated with thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) (r = .064, P = .039). TSH and the proportion of SHypo patients increased significantly in those with elevated NC (both P < .05). In logistic regression analysis, the risk of SHypo increased by 46.4% in those with elevated NC (OR = 1.464 [1.035–2.071], P = .031). After adjusting for metabolic confounding factors, the positive association disappeared (P = .112). Multiple linear regression analysis showed there were no significant correlations between NC and TSH in either univariate or multivariate model in the total population (both P > .05). And in the subgroup analysis of euthyroid and SHypo individuals, NC was also not related to TSH (all P > .05). In conclusion, there was no independent association between NC, a simple anthropometric index for upper body fat accumulation, and serum TSH levels in Chinese euthyroid and SHypo postmenopausal women.
An Experiment in Extremity: The Portrayal of Violence in Robert the Monk's Narrative of the First Crusade
Authors: ASBRIDGE THOMAS 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article examines the portrayal of physical violence enacted by Latin Christians during the First Crusade in Robert the Monk's Historia Iherosolomitana, with particular reference to the fighting witnessed outside Antioch in early 1098. The narrative techniques and effects used by Robert are established by employing the tools of narratological analysis. Comparisons are drawn with other Latin accounts of the First Crusade, alongside Latin sources detailing the Norman conquests of England and Sicily, and, in methodological terms, a case is made against strictly intra‐textual narratology.It is argued that Robert made a conscious decision to amplify crusader violence, detailing Latin brutality in unusually graphic and extreme terms, not least through the extensive use of blood imagery and the suggestion that crusader savagery could inspire sensations of horror. By exploring the portrayal of violence beyond the context of the apocalypticism associated with Jerusalem, a broader range of influences and impulses shaping Robert's authorial interventions are posited – notably his echoing of chansons de geste tropes and his desire to assert Frankish martial indomitability. Robert the Monk's distinctive approach to the portrayal of violence also provides us with a means to reassess the dissemination and impact of his Historia, which to date has been presented as medieval Europe's ‘bestselling’ account of the First Crusade. Potential links to a range of medieval Latin narratives are newly identified in this article, but it is suggested that Robert the Monk's representation of violence did not demonstrably influence later crusade narratives.