bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting psychological service providers' empowerment in the light of the COVID‐19 pandemic outbreak: A structural equation modelling analysis
Authors: Arnout Boshra A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the predictors of psychological service providers' empowerment in the light of the COVID‐19 pandemic outbreak. The researcher prepared a psychological service providers' empowerment scale that consisted of 28 items, and this scale was applied in a random sample consisting of 975 psychological service providers. The results showed that the empowerment scale has acceptable validity and reliability. The results of the exploratory factor analysis indicated that the 28 scale items saturate on seven factors, which accounted for 64.42% of the total variance of the scale: the first factor named expect psychological services effectiveness accounted for 27.86%, the second factor named self‐stimulation accounted for 9.71%, the third factor named responsibilities and duties accounted for 7.12%, the fourth factor named psychological services work environment accounted for 6.51%, the fifth factor named psychological service providers’ decision‐making accounted for 5.37%, the sixth factor named creative psychological service provider behaviour accounted for 4.45%, and the seventh factor named psychological services confidence accounted for 3.82% of the total variance of a psychological service providers' empowerment. In order to study the ability to predict the empowerment among psychological service providers, the researcher developed a structural model for psychological service providers' empowerment and then used the structural equation model analysis. The results showed that the proposed structural model of a psychological service providers' empowerment has goodness‐of‐fit, and these results emphasised the ability to predict psychological service providers' empowerment by seven tested factors.
Fight the power: A heuristic exploration of systemic racism through dreams
Authors: Turner Dwight 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSystemic racism, like many forms of difference and diversity, is poorly understood within the realms of counselling and psychotherapy. Whereas our profession has shied away from using its skills to explore the meaning and relevance of racism, this author over a number of years has studied many forms of intersectional otherness and recognises that racism is as much a relational experience between subject and other, both internally and externally. This paper therefore explores how an internalised experience of systemic racism can be understood through client work and dreamwork, offering ideas as to how the dreams of the racialised other may be understood; the symbolism, and the relevance of the racial complex hidden within them.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Acylsilanes
Authors: Wang Xuchao , Liu Feipeng , Li Yongjie , Yan Zijuan , Qiang Qing , Rong Zi‐Qiang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAcylsilanes are of wide interest and have been investigated as an important class of organic reaction intermediates with superior chemical and physical properties. Various synthetic methods for the preparation of acylsilanes with mild reaction conditions resulting in excellent yields and high stereoselectivity have been developed. These strategies mainly include step‐wise reaction design, oxidative systems, isomerization/rearrangement, silylation of carboxylic acid derivatives and carbonylation. This minireview summarizes recent advances in the synthesis of acylsilanes over the past decade.
A review of heat‐transfer mechanism for solid deposition from “waxy” or paraffinic mixtures
Authors: Mehrotra Anil K. , Ehsani Sina , Haj‐Shafiei Samira , Kasumu Adebola S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSummarized in this review are a large number of experimental and modelling studies for advancing the heat‐transfer‐based mechanism for solid deposition from “waxy” or paraffinic oils and mixtures. This comprehensive heat‐transfer approach is entirely different from a more popular molecular‐diffusion mechanism. It has evolved from numerous publications, over three decades, which explored topics related to thermodynamic, rheological, crystallization, solid deposition, and shutdown and deposit‐aging behaviour of prepared multicomponent paraffinic mixtures of varying compositions to simulate “waxy” crude oils. These investigations covered a wide range of compositions, temperatures, and cooling rates—under static, sheared, laminar and turbulent conditions—in both the hot and cold flow regimes. The heat‐transfer mechanism for wax deposition is based on (partial) freezing or liquid‐to‐solid phase transformation process, for which steady‐state and unsteady‐state mathematical models have been developed and validated with extensive laboratory data. Furthermore, a shear‐induced deformation model for the deposit aging phenomenon has been developed and validated; it is based on a partial release of the liquid phase from the incipient gel, thereby causing an enrichment of heavier alkanes and a corresponding depletion of lighter alkanes in the deposit. A successful analogy with the ice deposition process has confirmed the wax deposition process to be also controlled by heat transfer, without involving any other mechanism for wax deposition. All of these previous studies confirm that wax deposition is predominantly a thermally driven process.
Short Photoswitchable Antibacterial Peptides
Authors: Yeoh Yuan Qi , Horsley John R. , Yu Jingxian , Polyak Steven W. , Jovcevski Blagojce , Abell Andrew D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThree photoswitchable tetrapeptides, based on a known synthetic antibacterial, were designed and synthesized to determine activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Each peptide contains an azobenzene photoswitch incorporated into either the N‐terminal side chain (1), C‐terminal side chain (2), or the C‐terminus (3) to allow reversible switching between cis‐ and trans‐enriched photostationary states. Biological assays revealed that the C‐terminus azobenzene (3) possessed the most potent antibacterial activity, with an MIC of 1 μg/mL. In this study, net positive charge, hydrophobicity, position of the azobenzene, secondary structure, and amphiphilicity were all found to contribute to antibacterial activity, with each of these factors likely facilitating the peptide to disrupt the negatively charged bacterial lipid membrane. Hence, these short photoswitchable antibacterial tetrapeptides provide insights for the future design and synthesis of antibiotics targeting S. aureus.
A Naphthalene Diimide Based Macrocycle Containing Quaternary Ammonium Groups: An Electron‐Deficient Host for Aromatic Carboxylate Derivatives
Authors: Türel Tankut , Valiyaveettil Suresh 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNaphthalene diimide (NDI) compounds are widely used as electron acceptors in various applications. Herein, we combine NDI with quaternary ammonium groups for the synthesis of a highly electron‐deficient linear compound 2 and macrocycle 3. The complexation studies of the water‐soluble macrocycle 3 with aromatic di‐ and tetra‐ carboxylate anions in water were done using absorption, emission, 1H NMR and NOESY spectroscopic titrations. The NDI incorporated macrocycle 3 showed high binding affinities towards linear aromatic tetracarboxylate anions owing to the size and charge complementarity of the host‐guest complex. Macrocycle 3 binds tetracarboxylate anion much better than dicarboxylate anions. Furthermore, the macrocycle 3 is solvated differently in acetonitrile and in water or dimethyl sulfoxide, which induces changes in conformation and photophysical properties. Such electron‐deficient optically active macrocycles are useful for developing useful sensor materials.
Genetic Risk of Diverticular Disease Predicts Early Stoppage of Nicorandil
Authors: Noyes James D. , Mordi Ify R. , Doney Alexander S. , Palmer Colin N. A. , Pearson Ewan R. , Lang Chim C. 
Published: June 2020

Gastrointestinal fistulation has been widely reported as an adverse effect of nicorandil therapy in Europe. People who have underlying diverticular disease are most at risk of this side effect. In Western countries, diverticular disease is highly prevalent and can be clinically silent. This study aimed to identify diverticular disease genetic risk scores (GRSs) associated with early nicorandil stoppage, a surrogate marker for drug intolerance. A case‐control study was carried out on 1,077 patients from the Genetics of Diabetes Audit and Research Tayside Scotland (GoDARTS) database. Cases were defined as having < 9 nicorandil prescriptions with no identifiable reason for stopping (n = 230). Controls had either ≥ 9 prescriptions, treatment continuation to death/study end or stoppage post‐myocardial infarction. Two diverticular GRSs were created and used in logistic regression models. Isosorbide mononitrate was used as a control analysis. Patients with a raised diverticular GRS, based on 23 replicable loci, had increased risk of stopping nicorandil therapy early (univariate (odds ratio (OR) 2.26; P = 0.04], multivariate (OR 3.96; P = 0.01)). Similar trends were noted when using the full 42 variant diverticular score but statistical significance was not reached. The isosorbide control analysis did not reach statistical significance. Our analysis demonstrates a novel positive association between a raised diverticular GRS and early stoppage of nicorandil therapy.
Scalable and Recyclable Heterogeneous Organo‐photocatalysts on Cotton Threads for Organic and Polymer Synthesis
Authors: Chu Yingying , Huang Zixuan , Liu Ruizhe , Boyer Cyrille , Xu Jiangtao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs a highly efficient and environmentally friendly technology to address the challenges of sustainable chemistry and engineering, heterogeneous visible‐light photoredox catalysis has been of great potential in organic and polymer synthesis. Eosin Y (EY), one of the commonly used organo‐photoredox catalysts, has been immobilized onto commercial cotton threads via a straightforward method and single‐step coupling reaction to prepare a scalable and recyclable heterogeneous photocatalyst. The immobilized EY is capable of generating singlet oxygen for organic transformations (e. g. oxidation of thioethers) in the presence of molecular oxygen, and effectively catalysing visible‐light photoinduced electron/energy transfer−reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer polymerizations of various functional monomers for the synthesis of well‐defined polymers in diverse “green” solvents. Facile separation and recovery of the cotton thread supported EY enable the reuse of the catalyst over multiple reaction cycles with well‐retained catalytic efficiency.
Proteomic analysis enables distinction of early‐ versus advanced‐stage lung adenocarcinomas
Authors: Kelemen Olga , Pla Indira , Sanchez Aniel , Rezeli Melinda , Szasz Attila Marcell , Malm Johan , Laszlo Viktoria , Kwon Ho Jeong , Dome Balazs , Marko‐Varga Gyorgy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundA gel‐free proteomic approach was utilized to perform in‐depth tissue protein profiling of lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) and normal lung tissues from early and advanced stages of the disease. The long‐term goal of this study is to generate a large‐scale, label‐free proteomics dataset from histologically well‐classified lung ADC that can be used to increase further our understanding of disease progression and aid in identifying novel biomarkers.Methods and resultsCases of early‐stage (I‐II) and advanced‐stage (III‐IV) lung ADCs were selected and paired with normal lung tissues from 22 patients. The histologically and clinically stratified human primary lung ADCs were analyzed by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. From the analysis of ADC and normal specimens, 4863 protein groups were identified. To examine the protein expression profile of ADC, a peak area‐based quantitation method was used. In early‐ and advanced‐stage ADC, 365 and 366 proteins were differentially expressed, respectively, between normal and tumor tissues (adjusted P‐value < .01, fold change ≥ 4). A total of 155 proteins were dysregulated between early‐ and advanced‐stage ADCs and 18 were suggested as early‐specific stage ADC. In silico functional analysis of the upregulated proteins in both tumor groups revealed that most of the enriched pathways are involved in mRNA metabolism. Furthermore, the most overrepresented pathways in the proteins that were unique to ADC are related to mRNA metabolic processes.ConclusionsFurther analysis of these data may provide an insight into the molecular pathways involved in disease etiology and may lead to the identification of biomarker candidates and potential targets for therapy. Our study provides potential diagnostic biomarkers for lung ADC and novel stage‐specific drug targets for rational intervention.
Enantiomeric separation and quantification of R/S‐amphetamine in serum using semi‐automated liquid‐liquid extraction and ultra‐high performance supercritical fluid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Havnen Hilde , Hansen Miriam , Spigset Olav , Hegstad Solfrid 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe amphetamine molecule contains a chiral center and its enantiomers exhibit differences in pharmacological effects, with the S‐enantiomer mediating most of the central nervous system stimulating activity. The majority of prescribed amphetamine consists of the pure S‐enantiomer, but therapeutic formulations containing the R‐enantiomer in various proportions are also available. Illegal amphetamine remains available mainly as a racemic mixture of the R‐ and S‐enantiomers. To distinguish between legal and illegal consumption of amphetamine a method for enantiomeric separation and quantification of R/S‐amphetamine in serum was developed and validated using ultra‐high performance supercritical fluid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (UHPSFC‐MS/MS). Sample preparation prior to UHPSFC‐MS/MS analysis was performed by a semi‐automated liquid–liquid extraction method. The UHPSFC‐MS/MS method used a Chiralpak AD‐3 column with a mobile phase consisting of CO2 and 0.1% ammonium hydroxide in 2‐propanol/methanol (50/50, v/v). The injection volume was 2 μL and run time was 4 minutes. MS/MS detection was performed with positive electrospray ionization and two multiple reaction monitoring transitions (m/z 136.1 > 119.0 and m/z 136.1 > 91.0). The calibration range was 12.5–1,000 nM for each analyte. The between‐assay relative standard deviations were in the range of 1.3–3.0%. Recovery was 73% and matrix effects ranged from 95 to 100% when corrected with internal standard. After development and validation, the method has been successfully implemented in our laboratory for both separation and quantification of R/S‐amphetamine and has proved to be a reliable and useful tool for distinguishing intake of R‐ and S‐amphetamine in authentic patient samples.
Evolution in novel environments: Do restored prairie populations experience strong selection?
Authors: Magnoli Susan M. , Lau Jennifer A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhen populations colonize new habitats, they are likely to experience novel environmental conditions, and as a consequence may experience strong selection. While selection and the resulting evolutionary responses may have important implications for establishment success in colonizing populations, few studies have estimated selection in such scenarios. Here we examined evidence of selection in recently established plant populations in two prairie restorations in close proximity (<15 km apart) using two approaches: (1) we tested for evidence of past selection on a suite of traits in twoChamaecrista fasciculatapopulations by comparing the restored populations to each other and their shared source population in common gardens to quantify evolutionary responses and (2) we measured selection in the field. We found evidence of past selection on flowering time, specific leaf area, and root nodule production in one of the populations, but detected contemporary selection on only one trait (plant height). Our findings demonstrate that while selection can occur in colonizing populations, resulting in significant trait differences between restored populations in fewer than six generations, evolutionary responses differ across even nearby populations sown with the same source population. Because contemporary measures of selection differed from evolutionary responses to past selection, our findings also suggest that selection likely differs over the early stages of succession that characterize young prairies.
Occurrence of Antibiotics in Influent and Effluent from 3 Major Wastewater-Treatment Plants in Finland
Authors: Kortesmäki Ewelina , Östman Johnny R. , Meierjohann Axel , Brozinski Jenny-Maria , Eklund Patrik , Kronberg Leif 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Wastewater-treatment plants (WWTPs) are regarded as one of the main sources of antibiotics in the environment. In the present study, the concentrations of multiple antibiotics and their metabolites belonging to 5 antibiotic classes were determined in 3 major Finnish WWTPs. An online solid phase extraction–liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was used for the extraction and analysis of the compounds. The method was fully validated using real and synthetic wastewaters. Seven antibiotics and 3 metabolites were found in the analyzed samples. Sulfonamides were removed most efficiently, whereas macrolides usually showed negative removal efficiency during the treatment, which means that the concentrations for individual antibiotics determined in the effluent samples were higher than in the influent samples. Sulfadiazine was found at concentrations up to 1018 ng/L, which was the highest concentration of any of the detected antibiotics in influent. In the effluent samples, the highest mean concentration was found for trimethoprim (532 ng/L). The measured mass loads of the antibiotics and metabolites to the receiving waters ranged from 2 to 157 mg/d per 1000 population equivalent. The evaluated environmental risk assessment showed that clarithromycin and erythromycin might pose a risk to the environment. The present study further underlines the importance of implementing technology for efficient removal of xenobiotics during wastewater treatment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1774–1789. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Relationship between the Young's Modulus and the Crystallinity of Cross‐Linked Poly(ε‐caprolactone) as an Immobilization Membrane for Cancer Radiotherapy
Authors: Dong Jie , Liu Jinchao , Li Xing , Liang Qingyou , Xu Xiangying 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCancer is a leading cause of death in the world. In cancer radiotherapy, immobilization membranes composed of cross‐linked poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) are utilized for patient positioning. A higher‐dimensional stability of the membrane is urgently required to facilitate more accurate radiation dose delivery. It is extremely important to establish the relationship between the degree of crystallinity and the Young's modulus (E) because it determines the mechanical properties and can be modulated by crystallinity. When two components of the membrane with different strains are in contact, a gradient region adjacent to the interface is formed and confirmed by attenuated total reflection infrared microscopy. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy are used to scan the same area in the gradient region (14 µm × 14 µm) to characterize E and crystallinity (XRaman), respectively. This co‐localized method ensures the accuracy of the relationship. Finally, 1764 AFM measurement data are processed and 49 pairs of E‐XRaman data are obtained. The regression curve shows that E monotonically increases with XRaman. The nonlinearity of the curve may be attributed to the α‐relaxation and cross‐linking of PCL chains. The chemical structure of this material significantly impacts the mechanical properties, thus requiring future investigation.
Clinical features and prognostic factors for extracranial oligometastatic breast cancer in China
Authors: Lan Bo , Abudureheiyimu Nilupai , Zhang Jingyi , Wang Chenyu , Jiang Shiyu , Wang Jiayu , Ma Fei , Luo Yang , Chen Shanshan , Xu Binghe , Fan Ying 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEvidence of an oligometastatic state in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is relatively limited. The aim of our study was to investigate the clinical features and prognostic factors for extracranial oligometastatic breast cancer and to identify the best treatment approaches in this select population. Fifty postoperative inpatients diagnosed with extracranial oligometastatic breast cancer at the National Cancer Center in China between 2009 and 2014 were consecutively enrolled. Oligometastatic breast cancer was defined as MBC with three or fewer metastatic lesions confined to one organ; de novo Stage IV disease and local‐regional recurrence were excluded. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) times were 15.2 and 78.9 months, respectively, and the 2‐year PFS and 5‐year OS rates were 40% and 58%, respectively. First‐line treatment approach with standard systemic treatment + surgical resection for all metastatic lesions was an independent prognostic factor for prolonged PFS (hazard ratio = 0.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.14‐0.73; P = .006) and OS (hazard ratio = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.14‐0.86; P = .022). Subgroup analysis showed that patients with a disease‐free interval (DFI) ≥24 months, one metastatic lesion or the hormone receptor (HR) + subtype were more likely to get benefit from resection. Patients with oligometastatic breast cancer have a relatively good prognosis. Surgical resection for metastatic lesions could significantly improve PFS and OS. Further prospective research is warranted to confirm the results and to develop biomarkers for better patient selection.
Increased risk of mental health problems after cancer during adolescence: A register‐based cohort study
Authors: Hovén Emma , Ljung Rickard , Ljungman Gustaf , Ljungman Lisa , Skoglund Charlotte , Fransson Emma , Wikman Anna 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this nationwide, register‐based study, we estimated the risk of mental health problems in 2822 individuals diagnosed with cancer in adolescence (13‐19 years). Mental health problems were assessed by psychiatric diagnoses and/or prescribed psychotropic drugs. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratio (HR) for a psychiatric diagnosis and prescription of psychotropic drug compared to a matched comparison group (n = 28 220). Estimates were adjusted for calendar period and parent characteristics (eg, history of psychiatric diagnosis, education, country of birth). We found an increased risk of a psychiatric diagnosis during the first 5 years after the cancer diagnosis (females: HR 1.23, 95% CI, 1.06‐1.44; males: HR 1.32, 95% CI, 1.11‐1.56), and at >5 years after diagnosis (females: HR 1.31, 95% CI, 1.09‐1.58, males: HR 1.45, 95% CI, 1.18‐1.77). The risk of being prescribed antidepressant (females: HR 1.54, 95% CI, 1.30‐1.84, males: HR 2.06, 95% CI, 1.66‐2.55), antipsychotic (females: HR 2.28, 95% CI, 1.56‐3.34, males: HR 3.07, 95% CI, 2.13‐4.42), anxiolytic (females: HR 1.95, 95% CI, 1.64‐2.31, males: HR 4.02, 95% CI, 3.34‐4.84) and sedative drugs (females: HR 2.24, 95% CI, 1.84‐2.72, males: HR 3.91, 95% CI, 3.23‐4.73) were higher than for comparisons during the first 5 years after diagnosis. Median age at first psychiatric diagnosis and first prescribed psychotropic drug were 18 years. In conclusion, cancer during adolescence is associated with increased risk of mental health problems that may develop in close proximity to treatment. The findings emphasize the need for comprehensive care during treatment and follow‐up.