bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metallicity and α-Element Abundance Gradients along the Sagittarius Stream as Seen by APOGEE
Authors: Hayes Christian R. , Majewski Steven R. , Hasselquist Sten , Anguiano Borja , Shetrone Matthew , Law David R. , Schiavon Ricardo P. , Cunha Katia , Smith Verne V. , Beaton Rachael L. , Price-Whelan Adrian M. , Allende Prieto Carlos , Battaglia Giuseppina , Bizyaev Dmitry , Brownstein Joel R. , Cohen Roger E. , Frinchaboy Peter M. , García-Hernández D. A. , Lacerna Ivan , Lane Richard R. , Mészáros Szabolcs , Bidin Christian Moni , Mũnoz Ricardo R. , Nidever David L. , Oravetz Audrey , Oravetz Daniel , Pan Kaike , Roman-Lopes Alexandre , Sobeck Jennifer , Stringfellow Guy 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Using 3D positions and kinematics of stars relative to the Sagittarius (Sgr) orbital plane and angular momentum, we identify 166 Sgr stream members observed by the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) that also have Gaia DR2 astrometry. This sample of 63/103 stars in the Sgr trailing/leading arm is combined with an APOGEE sample of 710 members of the Sgr dwarf spheroidal core (385 of them newly presented here) to establish differences of 0.6 dex in median metallicity and 0.1 dex in [α/Fe] between our Sgr core and dynamically older stream samples. Mild chemical gradients are found internally along each arm, but these steepen when anchored by core stars. With a model of Sgr tidal disruption providing estimated dynamical ages (i.e., stripping times) for each stream star, we find a mean metallicity gradient of 0.12 ± 0.03 dex Gyr−1 for stars stripped from Sgr over time. For the first time, an [α/Fe] gradient is also measured within the stream, at 0.02 ± 0.01 dex Gyr−1 using magnesium abundances and at 0.04 ± 0.01 dex Gyr−1 using silicon, which imply that the Sgr progenitor had significant radial abundance gradients. We discuss the magnitude of those inferred gradients and their implication for the nature of the Sgr progenitor within the context of the current family of Milky Way satellite galaxies, and we suggest that more sophisticated Sgr models are needed to properly interpret the growing chemodynamical detail we have on the Sgr system.
Observational Nonstationarity of AGN Variability: The Only Way to Go Is Down!
Authors: Caplar Neven , Pena Theodore , Johnson Sean D. , Greene Jenny E. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
To gain insights into long-term active galactic nuclei (AGN) variability, we analyze an AGN sample from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and compare their photometry with observations from the Hyper Suprime-Cam survey (HSC) observed

yr after SDSS. On average, the AGN are fainter in HSC than SDSS. We demonstrate that the difference is not due to subtle differences in the SDSS versus HSC filters or photometry. The decrease in mean brightness is redshift dependent, consistent with expectations for a change that is a function of the rest-frame time separation between observations. At a given redshift, the mean decrease in brightness is stronger for more luminous AGN and for objects with longer time separation between measurements. We demonstrate that the dependence on redshift and luminosity of measured mean brightness decrease is consistent with simple models of Eddington ratio variability in AGN on long (Myr, Gyr) timescales. We show how our results can be used to constrain the variability and demographic properties of AGN populations.
Combination Immune Checkpoint Blockade to Reverse HIV Latency
Authors: Van der Sluis Renée M. , Kumar Nitasha A. , Pascoe Rachel D. , Zerbato Jennifer M. , Evans Vanessa A. , Dantanarayana Ashanti I. , Anderson Jenny L. , Sékaly Rafick P. , Fromentin Rémi , Chomont Nicolas , Cameron Paul U. , Lewin Sharon R. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy, HIV latency is the major barrier to a cure. HIV persists preferentially in CD4+ T cells expressing multiple immune checkpoint (IC) molecules, including programmed death (PD)-1, T cell Ig and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM-3), lymphocyte associated gene 3 (LAG-3), and T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT). We aimed to determine whether these and other IC molecules have a functional role in maintaining HIV latency and whether blocking IC molecules with Abs reverses HIV latency. Using an in vitro model that establishes latency in both nonproliferating and proliferating human CD4+ T cells, we show that proliferating cells express multiple IC molecules at high levels. Latent infection was enriched in proliferating cells expressing PD-1. In contrast, nonproliferating cells expressed IC molecules at significantly lower levels, but latent infection was enriched in cells expressing PD-1, TIM-3, CTL-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), or B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA). In the presence of an additional T cell–activating stimulus, staphylococcal enterotoxin B, Abs to CTLA-4 and PD-1 reversed HIV latency in proliferating and nonproliferating CD4+ T cells, respectively. In the absence of staphylococcal enterotoxin B, only the combination of Abs to PD-1, CTLA-4, TIM-3, and TIGIT reversed latency. The potency of latency reversal was significantly higher following combination IC blockade compared with other latency-reversing agents, including vorinostat and bryostatin. Combination IC blockade should be further explored as a strategy to reverse HIV latency.
When Should a Heat-Tolerance Test Be Scheduled After Clinical Recovery From an Exertional Heat Illness?
Authors: Schermann Haggai , Hazut-Krauthammer Shir , Weksler Yael , Spitzer Sagi , Epstein Yoram , Kalmanovich Gary , Yanovich Ran 
Published: January 2020

Objective
Researchers have produced a hypothesis of transient heat intolerance (HI) after exertional heat stroke (EHS). Based on this hypothesis, heat-tolerance testing (HTT) has been postponed until weeks 6 to 8 after EHS and other types of exertional heat illness (EHI). We compared the HTT results of participants after either EHS or other EHI who were tested earlier (≤6-week group) versus those who were tested later (&gt;6-week group) to verify the hypothesis.

Design
Cohort study.

Setting
Data obtained from records of military athletes who experienced EHS or EHI.

Patients or Other Participants
All participants who underwent HTT after EHI or EHS experienced between 2014 and 2018 and for whom complete data regarding the severity of the event (rectal temperature, neurologic symptoms, and laboratory results) and HTT results were available were included. Participants with suspected EHS and those with other EHIs were evaluated separately.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
The percentages of participants with HI and mean probability of heat tolerance were compared between those tested within 6 weeks of the event and those tested later.

Results
A total of 186 participants were included in this study (EHS: 12 in the &lt;6-week group, 9 in the &gt;6-week group; EHI: 94 in the &lt;6-week group, 71 in the &gt;6-week group). In the EHS group, the percentages with HI (33% versus 44%, P = .67) and mean probability of heat tolerance (0.82 versus 0.82, P = .98) did not differ. In the EHI group, participants who were tested after 6 weeks had a greater chance of being diagnosed with HI (38% versus 21.3%, P &lt; .02)

Conclusions
The HTT results were similar between participants with EHS who were tested early (&lt;6 weeks) and those tested late (&gt;6 weeks). Further investigation of heat-tolerance changes in larger cohorts of patients after EHS is required to verify the theory of transient HI.
Challenges Faced by Collegiate Athletic Trainers, Part II: Treating Concussed Student-Athletes
Authors: Bowman Thomas G. , Singe Stephanie Mazerolle , Pike Lacy Alicia M. , Register-Mihalik Johna K. 
Published: January 2020

ContextConflict between athletic trainers (ATs) and other stakeholders can occur because of competing interests over medical decisions regarding concussion. However, we are unaware of any studies specifically exploring these situations across various collegiate athletic affiliations.ObjectiveTo investigate the challenges faced by ATs when treating concussed student-athletes.DesignQualitative study.SettingOnline questionnaire.Patients or Other ParticipantsA total of 434 ATs (267 women, 166 men, 1 missing data; age = 27.73 ± 3.24 years, experience = 5.17 ± 2.67 years) completed the questionnaire (response rate = 14.47%). Our participants represented multiple employment settings within intercollegiate athletics.Data Collection and AnalysisWe sent an online questionnaire to 3000 ATs working in the collegiate and university setting across the United States. A survey expert verified face, content, and construct validity of the questionnaire in 2 rounds of review, and 3 ATs completed a content-validity tool before we finalized the survey. We analyzed the qualitative data using a general inductive approach and ensured trustworthiness through multiple-analyst triangulation and peer review.ResultsWhen we examined the responses from our participants regarding their work with student-athletes who had sustained concussions, we found 2 major themes, each with subthemes. First, educational efforts appeared to be only modestly effective because of a lack of honesty, noncompliant actions, and coach interference. Second, return to learn was challenging because of a lack of communication among stakeholders, athletes being anxious about needing accommodations, and difficulty convincing faculty to provide reasonable accommodations.ConclusionsBased on our findings, we recommend continued efforts to improve the culture surrounding concussion in collegiate athletes. Athletic trainers should include key stakeholders such as coaches, student-athletes, parents, faculty, and other educational administrators in their educational efforts to improve the policies and culture surrounding concussion treatment.
Dionizij Tračan in začetki slovnične terminologije
Authors: Kuntner Rok 
Published: January 2020

V jedrnem delu prispevka podajam integralni prevod Slovnice Dionizija Tračana s komentarji zahtevnejših oziroma manj jasnih mest v opombah, v spremni študiji pa pojasnjujem kontekst njenega nastanka, predstavljam njene posebnosti in razpravljam o grški slovničarski tradiciji, ki ji sodobno slovničarstvo med drugim dolguje skorajda celotno slovnično izrazje. Ponazoritvi tradicije prevajanja slovničnih izrazov služi tabela, ki ponazarja princip kalkiranja grških terminov v latinščino in dalje latinskih v slovenščino. S tem namenom in z namenom zveste ponazoritve izvornega slovničnega koncepta tudi v prevodu rabim uveljavljeno domače slovnično izrazje. Kadar je uveljavljeni izraz pomensko ali konceptualno oddaljen od izvirnega grškega izraza, tedaj le-tega po principu kalkiranja prevedem s pomensko bolj transparentnim, četudi v slovničarstvu neuveljavljenim ali zastarelim, domačim izrazom, mestoma celo z neologizmom.
The Counterpoints of Glenn Gould and Edward Said
Authors: Bartine David 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Two of Edward Said's several writings about pianist and writer Glenn Gould are titled “Glenn Gould, the Virtuoso as Intellectual” and “The Music Itself: Glenn Gould's Contrapuntal Vision.” In Musical Elaborations, Said refers to the need for new attempts “to devise modes of articulating musical activity” in relation to “the social and cultural setting.” Gould's work offered Said what he recognized to be productive efforts—particularly Gould's explorations of “counterpoint”—toward that end. During a major phase of Said's work in which he explored “counterpoint” for “a different kind of reading and interpretation” that might support progressive social and cultural change, he pursued a course seemingly compatible with a theme of “intellectual liberation and critique” he located in Gould's and his own work. In this article, I discuss Gould's work as influencing a major concern of Said's efforts between 1984 and 1993. However, I argue that in the performances and writings of Gould were signs of a skepticism about “humanism” that would have included Said's reform of “humanism in the name of humanism” and the future society either “humanism” imagined, signs that foreshadowed Said's eventual reconsiderations of “contrapuntal reading and interpretation” and the society to which they might contribute.
Developing an Ecofeminist Literary Criticism Model to Cultivate An Ecologically Aware and Feminist Generation
Authors: Wiyatmi Wiyatmi , Suryaman Maman , Swatikasari Esti 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study is aimed at developing an ecofeminist literary criticism in order to instigate a generation that is ecologically aware and feminist. The study is based on research and development using five universities in Yogyakarta and Surakarta that run Indonesian literature study programs. Research findings show that in the learning processes of the literary criticism course, ecofeminist perspectives are seen as a new viewpoint and they have not been well discussed in class. No course book is available that is specifically designed to present the conceptual framework of ecofeminism in literature. From observation of the curriculum in the five universities, we found that literary criticism, literary sociology, and literature research are possible venues through which literary criticism can be brought up in relation to environmental and feminist issues. However, ecofeminist literary criticism has not been specifically investigated and applied. Hence there is a need to develop a model of literary criticism based on an ecofeminist standpoint. The model has been designed and validated by content experts who are proficient in the conceptual framework of ecofeminist literary theory and criticism. We agree on the importance of developing an ecofeminist literary criticism model with lesson plans and content materials. The content materials have the following characteristics: (a) a conceptual framework of literary criticism based on ecology and feminism; (b) a literary criticism model for novels using ecofeminism perspectives; (c) a course book expected to be used as a material supplement for literary criticism and literature research, which up to the present has not specifically studied the relationship between literary works (novels) and ecological and feminist issues.
Autopsy Service Death Certificate Review
Authors: Krywanczyk Alison , Amoresano Elaine , Tatsumi Kanayo , Mount Sharon 
Published: January 2020

Context.—Despite the importance of accurate death statistics for epidemiologic studies and public health initiatives, there remains a high frequency of errors in death certification. This deficiency can be addressed by the hospital autopsy service.Objectives.—To improve the quality and accuracy of death certificates issued in the hospital and improve resident and clinician education by initiating a death certificate review process, performed by pathology residents while on their hospital autopsy rotation.Design.—A resident reviewed all death certificates issued in the hospital daily through the state electronic death certificate filing system and correlated with the decedent's medical record. When errors were found, the resident filed an amended death certificate with the state. If applicable, the Office of the Medical Examiner was contacted to investigate. The original certifying physician was then contacted via email with an explanation for the amendment.Results.—In 12 months, 590 death certificates were issued by the hospital. Eighty-eight of 590 (15%) were amended. Of those 88 amended, 41 (47%) were missing an underlying cause of death, 7 (8%) had an inaccurate cause of death, 41 (47%) failed to include relevant contributory causes of death, and 17 (19%) had major typographic errors. Of 88, 24 (27%) fell under the Office of the Medical Examiner's jurisdiction and were reported with a subsequent change in the manner of death in 23 of 88 cases (26%).Conclusions.—Death certificate review by the autopsy service improves the accuracy of death certification, impacts resident and clinician education, and serves as quality assurance for both the hospital and the state.
Data Censoring with Set-Membership Affine Projection Algorithm
Authors: Karamali Gholamreza , Zardadi Akram , Moradi Hamid Reza 
Published: January 2020

In this paper, the set-membership affine projection (SM-AP) algorithm is utilized to censor non-informative data in big data applications. To this end, the probability distribution of the additive noise signal and the excess of the mean-squared error (EMSE) in steady-state are employed in order to estimate the threshold parameter of the single threshold SM-AP (ST-SM-AP) algorithm aiming at attaining the desired update rate. Furthermore, by defining an acceptable range for the error signal, the double threshold SM-AP (DT-SM-AP) algorithm is proposed to detect very large errors due to the irrelevant data such as outliers. The DT-SM-AP algorithm can censor non-informative and irrelevant data in big data applications, and it can improve the misalignment and convergence rate of the learning process with high computational efficiency. The simulation and numerical results corroborate the superiority of the proposed algorithms over traditional algorithms.
Attitudes Toward Osteopathic Recognition Under the Single GME Accreditation System: A Survey of Deans at Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine and Chairs of Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine Departments
Authors: Dougherty John J. , Bray Natasha N. , Vanier Cheryl H. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objective
To assess the attitudes of academic deans at colleges of osteopathic medicine (COMs) and chairs of COMs’ osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) departments toward osteopathic recognition under the single graduate medical education (GME) accreditation system.

Methods
An 11-item Likert-type survey with additional demographic questions was distributed via email to deans and OMM department chairs at 51 COMs and additional locations in September 2017. Items were formulated to assess survey participants’ understanding and beliefs regarding the value and support of the establishment of osteopathic recognition within the single GME accreditation system. Demographic information gathered was limited to role (ie, dean or OMM department chair). Survey items were ranked on a 5-point Likert-type scale from strongly disagree to strongly agree.

Results
A total of 39 COMs deans and 24 OMM chairs indicated they understood the intent of osteopathic recognition in a single GME accreditation system, but OMM chairs felt less informed about osteopathic recognition than deans (17% vs 3% disagreeing with the statement, “I have been adequately informed about osteopathic recognition”). There was no difference between deans and chairs regarding their attitudes toward osteopathic recognition in residency training programs, though a minority of deans (n=2) disagreed that osteopathic recognition benefits programs and indicated that they did not recommend it for surgical specialties (n=2) or fellowship programs (n=3). Deans and chairs generally agreed on their overall support of osteopathic recognition, the perceptions of osteopathic medical students toward osteopathic recognition, and the value that osteopathic recognition brings to COMs, with 2 deans dissenting on each item. A moderate correlation was found between information of and attitude toward osteopathic recognition for the deans (r=0.72, n=39), but a much weaker relationship was observed between information and attitude for the chairs (r=0.37, n=24) (difference between the correlations: z=1.89, P=.06).

Conclusion
Although the deans and OMM chairs agreed that they support, believe in the value of, and find that osteopathic medical students are interested in osteopathic recognition, there is an opportunity for improvement of deans’ and COMs chairs’ understanding of osteopathic recognition.
Investigating the effects of management practice on mammalian co-occurrence along the West Coast of South Africa
Authors: Winterton Deborah Jean , van Wilgen Nicola J. , Venter Jan A. 
Published: January 2020

The subtle and cascading effects (e.g., altered interspecific interactions) that anthropogenic stressors have on local ecological assemblages often go unnoticed but are concerning given their importance in ecosystem function. For example, elimination of buffalo from the Serengeti National Park is suggested to have driven increased abundance of smaller antelope as a result of release from competition. The perceived low abundance of small antelope in the contractual Postberg section of the West Coast National Park (the park) has been an ongoing management concern which has been anecdotally attributed to predation by a mesopredator (the caracal, Caracal caracal). However, we hypothesized that the historical overstocking, and consequent overgrazing by larger-bodied managed ungulates would influence small antelope abundance. Using camera traps, we investigated species co-occurrence and temporal activity between small antelope, managed ungulates and caracals in Postberg as well as another part of the park (Langebaan) and a farm outside of the park. Results suggest that small antelope and managed ungulates have a high degree of temporal overlap (Δ = 0.74, 0.79 and 0.86 for the farm, Langebaan and Postberg respectively), while temporal partitioning between small antelope and caracal is apparent (Δ = 0.59). Further, small antelope and managed ungulates appear to occur independently of one another (SIF = 0.91–1 across areas). Managed ungulates were detected almost three times more frequently on fallow lands when compared to the more vegetated sites within the park suggesting that segregated food/cover resources allow for independent occurrence. Small antelope had a much higher probability of occurrence outside of the protected area (e.g., ψ = 0.192 and 0.486 for steenbok at Postberg, Langebaan compared to 0.841 on the farm), likely due to less variable (more intact) habitat outside of the protected area. There is not sufficient evidence to currently warrant management intervention for predators. The small size of the protected area provides limited scope for spatial replication thus reducing possibilities to infer the cause and effect for complex interactions (which would historically have taken place over much larger areas) with negative implications for adaptive management. We recommend continued monitoring over multiple seasons and a wider area to determine the spatial information requirements to inform management of small protected areas.