bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formulation and characterization of body scrub using marine alga Halimeda macroloba, chitosan and konjac flour
Authors: Ervina A , Santoso J , Prasetyo B F , Setyaningsih I , Tarman K 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Body scrub is a cosmetic product that contains slightly rough material that can remove dead skin cells. Natural ingredients such as Halimeda macroloba is potential to be used as scrub. H. macroloba deposits CaCO3 in the thallus which makes the texture of Halimeda flour is rougher than that of other flour so that it is potentially used as a scrub. The emulsion-forming agent for body scrub can use konjac flour. Konjac flour contains high glucomannan which can used as emulsifier. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of body scrub using H. macroloba and konjac flour. Formulation of body scrub in this study was carried out by mixing water base (propylene glycol, glycerine, aquadest) and oil base (cetyl alcohol, stearic acid, DEA, perfume) at temperatures of 70 °C and 80 °C. Afterwards the mixture was added with 3% of H. macroloba and 2% of konjac flour. Body scrub produced in this study contained moisture of 58.49-75.15%, viscosity 10 106.67-14 900.00 cP, pH 6.48-6.93, whiteness 67.74%-95.96%, and spread ability 1.63-2.17 cm. The highest macro mineral content was calcium (Ca) with an average of 8.24 mg g-1, while the highest micromineral was iron (Fe) with an average of 16.85 ppm. The most preferred formula for colour and aroma based on the result of hedonically assessment was formula 2 (fresh H. macroloba with chitosan 2%), while the most preferred for thickness and texture was formula 5 (dried H. macroloba with chitosan 2%).
Hilsa fishery management in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman M J , Wahab M A , Nahiduzzaman M , Haque A B M M , Cohen P 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Hilsa shad (Tenualosa ilisha), is a biologically, nutritionally, economically, socially and culturally important species in the Bay of Bengal and Persian Gulf regions, but Bangladesh enjoys the major share wherein it contributes about 517,000 tons/year. However, this important fishery declined in the late 1990’s that led the Government to formulate the Hilsa Fishery Management Action Plan (HFMAP) and started its implementation from 2005. Since then, hilsa production increased @5%/year till 2015. To improve the annual incremental production further, Department of Fisheries (DoF) and WorldFish have jointly been implementing “Enhanced Coastal Fisheries in Bangladesh (ECOFISH-Bangladesh)”, a USAID supported project (2014-2019). The project supports the DoF and local communities to establish a science-based “adaptive co-management” that focuses on the brood hilsa protection, juvenile conservation, illegal gears control, and overall ecosystem resilience involving all stakeholders. As a synergistic impact of all the initiatives taken and the proactive supports of the law enforcing agencies, the declined hilsa fishery from both inland and marine habitats revived @ 11% annual incremental total hilsa catch. The increased hilsa production and average size (from 510 g to 915 g) resulted in increased household income of fishers by 52%. The interventions additionally improved catfish abundance and other fish biodiversity.
The establishment of fisheries refugia as a new approach to sustainable management of fisheries in Malaysian waters
Authors: Siow R , Nurridan A H , Hadil R , Richard R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The marine fisheries resources worldwide are facing depletion but traditional management methods may not be adequate to overcome this problem. A new fishery management approach which focuses on protecting the critical stages in the life cycle of the selected marine species is presented in this paper. The fisheries refugia concept focuses on temporal and a spatially defined marine or coastal area in which specific management measures are implemented to sustain the targeted species. This concept was initiated by SEAFDEC-UNEP-GEF in the South East Asia region and are participated by six member countries namely Malaysia, Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia and the Philippines. In Malaysia, two sites were selected for this project which is the lobster refugia (Panulirus spp. and Thenus orientalis) in Tanjung Leman, Johor and the tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) refugia at Kuala Baram, Miri, Sarawak. This paper discusses the activities carried out to establish these two refugia. These activities include resource surveys of lobsters and tiger prawns at different life stages (larvae, juvenile and adult) and socio-economic profiling of fishers communities at both sites. Several stakeholder consultation sessions were also held with fishers and local agencies to promote the refugia concept and gather feedbacks on the implementation of the new management approach. Two information centers were set up at Tanjung Leman and Kuala Baram, Miri with the objectives of disseminating information regarding the fisheries refugia project and its benefits to the stakeholders. Likewise, in collaboration with the local television station RTM, two fisheries refugia documentaries were produced and broadcast nationwide. The targeted outcome of this project is to have these two sites gazetted as fisheries refugia so that the wild resources of lobsters and tiger prawns are sustainably managed through spatial and seasonal closure during the critical stages of their life cycle.
Recovery of tuna virgin fish oil and formulation as a product model of emulsion food supplement
Authors: Trilaksani W , Riyanto B , Azzahra F , Santoso J , Tarman K 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The aims of this study were to recover and characterize extra virgin fish oil (EVFO) from tuna eyes, and avoid deterioration and loss of EVFO functionality during extraction, formulation and storage of EVFO emulsion supplement. Research comprised extraction, characterization, and formulation of emulsions with addition of mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata) natural antioxidant extracts (0%, 2%, 4% and 8%), ascorbic acid (0.2%) and combination of mangrove extract and ascorbic acid (0.2%:0.2%). The extraction of EVFO used cool centrifugation technology and antioxidant activity of mangroves was measured by the ABTS method. Emulsion stability was verified for 2 weeks (25°C). The best formula was determined by using Bayes method. About 10% EVFO was isolated from tuna eye but its peroxide value was still high. The EVFO had a proportion of DHA up to 34.96%. Mangrove extract had an antioxidant activity of 52.96±0.42 ppm. The best preferred emulsion formula closest to the standard of stability was the formula added with mangrove fruit extract 0.8%. This EVFO emulsions supplement formula with serving sizes of 2 tea spoon (10 mL) donated 0.38 g of DHA which was approximately 32% of the average omega-3 requirement for the first trimester period of pregnancy.
Lesson learned on coral reef ecosystem services valuation damage due to vessel grounded in Indonesia
Authors: Wahyudin Y , Mahipal  
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Vessel grounded on coral reef ecosystem still one of the most significant damage by the incident to corals ecosystem services. Many cases had been handled, but not all of them are completely solved. The settled cases showed the willingness of the vessel owners to paid the claimed environmental loss. This research paper is aimed to compare cases of a vessel grounded during the year 2017 and 2018. This paper concluded the summary of all the works of experts hired by the Directorate General of Law Enforcement on corals ecosystem; ecosystem services valuation, and national regulation. The final calculation shows a varied amount of value claimed, due to the quality of corals before damages, its location and its technical approaches. The calculation of the claimed cost was based on the principles of ecosystem services valuation approaches which includes provisioning, regulating, cultural and supporting services. From all cases, the value of coral ecosystem per squares meter per year of corals damage ranges from IDR 0.12 to 0.83 million. This value was related significantly with the year damaged coral, the quality of the coral ecosystem before damaged, and the distance from the nearest coastline.
Case study of marine pollution in Teluk Bahang, Penang, Malaysia
Authors: Zanuri N B M , Abdullah M B , Darif N A M , Nilamani N , Hwai A T S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Teluk Bahang is a small fishing village located in the north-western of Penang Island, Malaysia. It has several attractions which include forest reserved park, ecotourism sites, theme parks and famous for its aquaculture activities. On 18th April 2019, fish farmers in Teluk Bahang experienced mass mortality of cultured fishes, namely groupers, barramundi, golden and red snappers due to a sudden change in water quality. Hence, this study was conducted to discuss marine pollution that occurred in Teluk Bahang that had caused the death of tonnes cultured fishes. Water samples were collected at the fish cage to investigate the water quality (physical and chemical parameters), heavy metals content, cell density and phytoplankton composition for determination of algal bloom that might be the cause of this crisis. Water samples were collected three times on 19th April 2019, 8th May 2019 and 26th May 2019. The results for physical and chemical parameters (pH, salinity, surface temperature, nitrate and phosphate) were all within the permissible limit according to Malaysia Marine Water Quality Class 2 (for aquaculture and recreation). Almost no harmful dinoflagellate species were detected in the water samples which indicated that phytoplankton did not cause a direct effect on the fish mortality. The concentration of heavy metals namely Cu, Cd, Ni, Fe, As and Hg in water samples were measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Results showed no detection of As and Hg concentration. The concentration of Cd, Cu and Fe in water ranged from 0.058-0.065ppm, 0.057-0.077ppm and Fe 0.326-0.389ppm respectively. These levels exceeded 20-100 times from the permissible limit. Ni concentration detected at 0.472-0.513ppm which was 990 times exceeded the permissible levels. These results indicated that metal pollution occurred in the marine water of Teluk Bahang and the possibility that the area may no longer be suitable for aquaculture or recreational purposes.
Natural resources based integrated agricultural system for the sustainable plantation industry
Authors: Yahya S 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCrop production is the management of plant environmental factors to achieve maximum and sustainable production. Thus the production of crops in an integrated agricultural system must be capable not only to integrate and to harmonize between commodity components, various species of crops and livestock, but also to integrate and harmonize these commodity components with various elements in every environmental factor, both biotic and abiotic. The integration and harmonizasion based on renewable natural resources is an effort to realize a sustainable plant production (for profit, for people and for planet). Two groups of environmental factors grow plants, namely Abiotics: Climate and Edafik (land), and Fire; And Biotics: Disruptive organisms (pests, diseases and weeds), beneficial organisms (land caverage vegetations, bacteria and non-pathogenic fungi, symbiotic). Climate and soil factors are the two main factors interacting with the changing environmental factors of crops as a result of climate change, whether global, local, or micro. These changes have been identified to be environmental stresses for plants. Abiotic stresses of temperature, water and nutrients provide a weakening condition, thereby increasing the vulnerability of plants to biotic stress. Various efforts need to be continued to develop integrated agricultural production technology that utilizes local natural resources to enable plants to adapt to environmental stress. Below, Integrated agriculture system will be describe into on-farm subsystem (horizontal diversification) and off-farm subsystem (vertical diversification).
Sustainable Palm Oil: Dissecting a Global Debate
Authors: Noordwijk M v 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Palm oil expansion in tropical forest margins captures headlines, primarily out of concern that encroachment to tropical forest causes environmental problem and ignites social issues [1]. Sustainability has to be understood in the wider context of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), rather than as primarily a plot-level ecological concern about persistence of production, to make sense of the debate that has become a very polarized and find ways forward. Cascading ecological and social issues have caused a loss of trust, (threats of) consumer boycotts and multiple standards and certification responses. Diverse sustainability issues have come up as part of a public issue-attention cycle with five recognisable stages [2]: A) Agenda setting, B) Better and widely shared understanding of what is at stake, C) Commitment to common principles, D) Details of devils derailing operations, devolved to (newly created or existing) formal institutions that handle implementation and associated budgets, and E) Efforts to monitor and evaluate effects. In Indonesia two phases of new establishment of palm oil coexist within a forest transition gradient: (i) (industry-led) expansion into new forest margins with many social and ecological consequences; and (ii) (often farmer-led) conversion of existing agroforestry and tree crop (often rubber-based) or pasture economies in mosaic landscapes. External consumer concerns refer to the expansion phase, rather than to production sustainability or issues of smallholder concern. However, certification standards are only partially adjusted to the latter. After a ‘voluntary industry standards’ phase of differentiation with and shifting blame to non-certified others [3], government involvement in Malaysia and Indonesia suggests that standards and certification can trickle down to enforceable good practice standards for all. This can learn from past ineffective policies that did not address the real issues in local context [4]. On the other hand, subnational jurisdictional entities are the scale at which oil palm production can be balanced with other goals, such as forest conservation and smallholder welfare. This needs a supportive and clear national policy support that combines clarity on forest protection (as in the now permanent moratorium), with support for risk-reducing diversified smallholder oil palm production systems [5,6] and international communication that acknowledges past problems but shows Indonesia is ready to move on, connecting all the dots of sustainable development goals.
Food safety & nutrition issues: challenges and opportunities for Indonesian palm oil
Authors: Hariyadi P 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
About 85% of palm oil, the most traded vegetable oil in the world, is used for food applications. Especially with increasing consumer awareness about the relationship between food, safety and health, the issue of food and nutrition safety is always become a major concern in the palm oil industry. The palm oil industry, in meeting the needs of the food industry throughout the world, must comply with food and nutrition safety standards, such as codex standards. In this presentation, some challenges related to food safety and nutrition will be discussed; including (i) the safety of compounds formed during the refining process, such as glycidol and chloropropanediol and (ii) safety aspects related to the fatty acids composition of palm oil. Finally, this presentation will also discuss opportunities for palm oil, not only opportunities to overcome the challenges of safety issues, but also in taking advantage of the potential unique benefits of palm oil, due to the content of its functional components, such as tocopherol., tokotrienol and carotene.
Simple method to determine irrigation water requirement for coffee (Coffea arabica (Linn)) nursery
Authors: Sulistyono E , Wachjar A , Rochmah H F 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Easy method that used simple instrument was needed to calculate irrigation water requirement rapidly. The research was conducted to get coefficient for determining crop water requirement. Data was generated with single factor experiment arranged in Randomized Block Design with three replications at Bogor Agricultural University Research Station during March to October 2013. The treatment was five levels of shading that were 0. 25. 50. 75 and 100 % of shading. Coefficient of evapotranspiration was calculated by dividing evapotranpiration value with pan evaporation value. Result of the research showed that shading affected evapotranspiration or crop water requirement. So that. the coefficient of evapotranspiration under different level of shading was also different. Trend line between coefficient of evapotranspiration and leaf number was 0.002 X2 + 0.032 X + 1.305 for 0 % of shading. 0.002 X2 + 0.009 X + 1.430 for 25 % of shading. 0.007 X2 - 0.086 X + 1.676 for 50 % of shading. and 0.002 X2 – 0.018 X + 1.311 for 75 % of shading. In conclusion.the coefficient of evapotranspiration under 50% of shading are 1.52. 1.36. 1.20. 1.04 at growth phase of 2. 4. 6 and 8 leaves respectively.
Evaluation of arabica coffee propagation using cell suspension culture
Authors: Ibrahim M S D , Tresniawati C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Arabica coffee is highly produced in Indonesia, thus need to be propagated using a powerful approach like cell culture in somatic embryogeneis for providing seedlings. The study aimed to evaluate the use of cell cultures in somatic embryogenesis on several Arabica coffee genotypes. The embryogenic calli (200 mg) were subcultured into solid and liquid regeneration media (half concentration of Murashige and Skoog [MS] added with 2 mg/L of kinetine, 35 g/L of sucrose, 400 mg/L of casein hydrolisate, and mall extract). For the somatic embryos germination, MS media was used by adding it with 0.3 mg/L of BAP and 40 g/L of sucrose. The solid media was added with 2.5 g/L of phytagel. This study was used Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) (genotype and media solidity) with 10 replications.. The results showed that production of the number of somatic embryos is highly depended on the genotypes. The size of somatic embryos, fresh weight, and root length on the torpedo and germination phases in liquid media was higher than solid media. Using liquid media at germination phase isn’t recommended, because it can resulted hyperhydricity.
Superior varieties of robusta coffee adapted to high elevation based on farmer selection
Authors: Syafaruddin  , Dani  , Randriani E , Supriadi H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Indonesia is one of world’s top five coffee producers and exporters. Two species of coffee commonly grown are Arabica (Coffea Arabica L.) and Robusta (C. canephora var Robusta). However, a few farmers at highland (> 900 m above sea level) of South Sumatera and Bengkulu provinces were keep interested to grow Robusta instead of Arabica. Gradually, they develope new superior clones selected from adjacent seed-derived populations using top grafting technique. Surveys was aimed to identify promising farmer’s selected clones to release as new superior varieties adaptive to high elevation. There are four promising clones, namely Pandi, Rakimin, Pawi, and Jasli, could be clearly distinguished morphologically. The average yield ranging from 2.14 to 3.85 ton of marketable green coffee bean per ha, substantially higher compared to check variety of BP 358 (< 1 ton per ha). Cup quality of those promising clones were categorized as fine Robusta as total scores resulted from sensory/cupping test were higher than 80 (ranging from 81.25 to 83.00) with some spicy and nutty notes. Based on those characteristics, it was reasonable to propose those four promising clones to be released as new superior varieties adaptive to high elevation.
The effect of ascorbic acid on clove (Syzigium aromaticum) grafting
Authors: Suryadi R , Pribadi ER. , Darwati I 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Clove plants can be generatively propagated by seeds and vegetatively by grafting. However, the success of clove grafting is still low (<50%), presumably due to the high content of phenol in the stem which inhibits callus formation and causes connection failure. The aim of the study was to obtain the best ascorbic acid concentration to reduce phenol content in the clove stem. The study was conducted at the Ecophysiology Laboratory, ISMCRI from January to June 2019. The study was arranged in randomized block design, 9 treatments with 4 replications. The treatments were ascorbic acid concentrations : 0 ppm (control), 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 75 ppm, 100 ppm, 125 ppm, 150 ppm, 175 ppm, and 200 ppm. The parameters observed were percentage of grafting survival rate, plant height, leaves number, stem diameter, chlorophyll content. The results showed that ascorbic acid had significant effect on the percentage of grafting survival rate, shoot length and number of leaves on the 4 months old-grafted seedling. The highest percentage of grafting survival rate (75%) was obtained optimal concentration at 128.93 ppm ascorbic acid treatment while the lowest was control (47.50%).
Model of seedling institution development to improve sustainability of clove farming system in West Java
Authors: Ermiati  , Ardana I K 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The characters of spices seed production varied amongst regions as influenced by physical, social-economic, and environmental factors, therefore, seeding institutions are specific to each type of plant and development area. This study aims to analyze the clove seed institutions in West Java and formulate an institutional development model to improve sustainability of clove farming system. The study was conducted in Garut and Tasikmalaya Regencies, West Java in June-November 2018. The surveys were conducted using the snowball sampling method. Research data were qualitatively analysed using the SWOT method. The results showed that the source of clove seeds in West Java mostly originated from the Garut High Producing Block which had been established by the Directorate General of Plantation. The certification and supervision of seed quality were carried out by the Regional Quality Certification and Supervision Board. There were three existing clove seed institutional models, namely Direct Model, Recommendation Model, and Plantation Seed Business Permite Model. The majority of the clove seed growers (100 of 115) in West Java did not have Plantation Seed Business Permits. The study suggests that the institutional model of clove seedling should encourage farmer/grower to partnerships with the seed certification institutions, research institutions, and universities, as well as financial institutions and distributors.