bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in Body Weight, Lipid Profile and Selected Reproduction Hormones in Rats Given Psidium guajava Leaves from Crude Oil Polluted and Non-Crude Oil Polluted Areas
Authors: Ekpo Grace , Eze Adindu , Benjamin Amadi , Michael Odey , Ishade Sunday Ogar , Princewill Dasimeokuna 
Published: December 2019

Variation in body weight, lipid profile and selected reproduction hormones in rats given Psidium guajava leaf samples from crude oil polluted and non-crude oil polluted areas was evaluated. Thirty-six albino rats of Wistar strain weighing between 90-120 g were divided into three major groups of I-III, with each group having two subgroups designated “a” and “b”. Each of the subgroup housed six rats and they were given different concentrations of the compounded feed of the leaf samples. Rat groups placed on P. guajava leaf sample from non-crude oil polluted area had significantly (p<0.05) increased weight when compared to rat groups placed on P. guajava leaf sample from crude oil polluted area. Triglyceride, cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) increased significantly (p<0.05) in rat groups placed on P. guajava leaf sample from crude oil polluted area against rat groups placed on P. guajava leaf sample from non-crude oil polluted area. Atherogenic indices of rat groups placed on P. guajava leaf sample from crude oil polluted area showed increased risk to cardiovascular diseases when compared to rat groups placed on P. guajava leaf sample from non-crude oil polluted area. The evaluated reproductive hormones increased significantly (p<0.05) in rats placed on P. guajava leaf sample from crude oil polluted area against those groups placed on P. guajava leaf sample from non-crude oil polluted area. The constituents of P. guajava leaf sample from crude oil polluted area could be behind the observed risk while the increase in hormones could be linked to increased cholesterol in rats groups placed on the leaf sample from crude oil polluted area. There is to sensitise those in the act of herbalism to be aware of where they harvest the plants they use as raw materials. This study has shown the variation in body weight, lipid profile and selected reproduction hormones in rats given P. guajava leaves from crude oil polluted and non-crude oil polluted areas.
Small‐field dosimetry of TrueBeamTM flattened and flattening filter‐free beams: A multi‐institutional analysis
Authors: Akino Yuichi , Mizuno Hirokazu , Isono Masaru , Tanaka Yoshihiro , Masai Norihisa , Yamamoto Toshijiro 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeDetector‐dependent interinstitutional variations of the beam data may lead to uncertainties of the delivered dose to patients. Here we evaluated the inter‐unit variability of the flattened and flattening filter‐free (FFF) beam data of multiple TrueBeam (Varian Medical Systems) linear accelerators focusing on the small‐field dosimetry.MethodsThe beam data of 6‐ and 10‐MV photon beams with and without flattening filter measured for modeling of an iPLAN treatment planning system (BrainLAB) were collected from 12 institutions — ten HD120 Multileaf Collimator (MLC) and two Millennium120 MLC. Percent‐depth dose (PDD), off‐center ratio (OCR), and detector output factors (OFdet) measured with different detectors were evaluated. To investigate the detector‐associated effects, we evaluated the inter‐unit variations of the OFdet before and after having applied the output correction factors provided by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Technical Reports Series no. 483.ResultsPDD measured with a field size of 5 × 5 mm2 showed that the data measured using an ionization chamber had variations exceeding 1% from the median values. The maximum difference from median value was 2.87% for 10 MV photon beam. The maximum variations of the penumbra width for OCR with 10 × 10 mm2 field size were 0.97 mm. The OFdet showed large variations exceeding 15% for a field size of 5 × 5 mm2. When the output correction factors were applied to the OFdet, the variations were greatly reduced. The relative difference of almost all field output factors were within ± 5% from the median field output factors.ConclusionIn this study, the inter‐unit variability of small‐field dosimetry was evaluated for TrueBeam linear accelerators. The variations were large at a field size of 5 × 5 mm2, and most occurred in a detector‐dependent manner.
Neurofilament light is a treatment‐responsive biomarker in CLN2 disease
Authors: Ru Yuanbin , Corado Carley , Soon Russell K. , Melton Andrew C. , Harris Adam , Yu Guoying K. , Pryer Nancy , Sinclair John R. , Katz Martin L. , Ajayi Temitayo , Jacoby David , Russell Chris B. , Chandriani Sanjay 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveNeuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2 (CLN2 disease) is a rare, progressive, fatal neurodegenerative pediatric disorder resulting from deficiencies of the lysosomal enzyme tripeptidyl peptidase 1 that are caused by mutations in TPP1. Identifying biomarkers of CLN2 disease progression will be important in assessing the efficacy of therapeutic interventions for this disorder. Neurofilament light is an intrinsic component of healthy neurons; elevated circulating extracellular neurofilament light is a biomarker of neuropathology in several adult‐onset neurological diseases. Our objective was to assess whether circulating neurofilament light is a biomarker that is responsive to enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in CLN2 disease.MethodsUsing an ultrasensitive immunoassay, we assessed plasma neurofilament light changes during disease progression in a canine model of CLN2 disease and in ERT clinical trial CLN2 disease patients.ResultsIn tripeptidyl peptidase 1 (TPP1)‐null dogs (N = 11), but not in control dogs [N = 6 (TPP1+/−) and N = 27 (WT)], neurofilament light levels increased more than tenfold above initial low baseline levels during disease progression. Before treatment in 21 human subjects with CLN2 disease (age range: 1.72–6.85 years), neurofilament light levels were 48‐fold higher (P < 0.001) than in 7 pediatric controls (age range: 8–11 years). Pretreatment neurofilament light did not significantly correlate with disease severity or age. In CLN2 disease subjects receiving ERT, neurofilament light levels decreased by 50% each year over more than 3 years of treatment.InterpretationOur data indicate that circulating neurofilament light is a treatment‐responsive biomarker in CLN2 disease and could contribute to understanding of the pathophysiology of this devastating pediatric disorder.
Disturbance observer‐based nonlinear control of a quadrotor UAV
Authors: Moeini Amir , Lynch Alan F. , Zhao Qing 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper proposes a nonlinear backstepping‐based trajectory tracking control for a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle. By incorporating a disturbance observer, the method provides globally exponentially stable tracking error dynamics in the presence of constant force and torque disturbances for position tracking. For time‐varying disturbances, the tracking error is proven to be ultimately bounded. Simulation results illustrates the robust performance and reduced complexity of the proposed control law.
Energy Transport by Radiation in Hyperbolic Material Comparable to Conduction
Authors: Salihoglu Hakan , Iyer Vasudevan , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Ye Peide D. , Xu Xianfan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRadiation as a heat transfer mode inside a bulk material is usually negligible in comparison to conduction. Here, the contribution of radiation to energy transport inside a hyperbolic material, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), is investigated. With hyperbolic dispersion, i.e., opposite signs of dielectric components along principal directions, phonon polaritons contribute significantly to energy transport due to a much greater number of propagating modes compared to that in a normal material. A many‐body model is developed to account for radiative heat transfer in a material with a nonuniform temperature distribution. The total radiative heat transfer through hBN is found to be largely contributed by the high‐κ modes within the Reststrahlen bands, and is comparable to phonon conduction. Experimental measurements of temperature‐dependent thermal transport also show that radiative contribution to thermal transport is of the same order as that from phonons. Therefore, this work shows, for the first time, radiative heat transfer inside a material can be comparable to phonon conductive heat transfer.
Thermal Conductivity of HfTe5: A Critical Revisit
Authors: Feng Tianli , Wu Xuewang , Yang Xiaolong , Wang Peipei , Zhang Liyuan , Du Xu , Wang Xiaojia , Pantelides Sokrates T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHafnium pentatelluride (HfTe5) has attracted extensive interest due to its exotic electronic, optical, and thermal properties. As a highly anisotropic crystal (layered structure with in‐plane chains), it has highly anisotropic electrical‐transport properties, but the anisotropy of its thermal‐transport properties has not been established. Here, accurate experimental measurements and theoretical calculations are combined to resolve this issue. Time‐domain thermoreflectance measurements find a highly anisotropic thermal conductivity, 28:1:8, with values of 11.3 ± 2.2, 0.41 ± 0.04, and 3.2 ± 2.0 W m-1 K-1 along the in‐plane a‐axis, through‐plane b‐axis, and in‐plane c‐axis, respectively. This anisotropy is even larger than what was recently established for ZrTe5 (12:1:6), but the individual values are somewhat higher, even though Zr has a smaller atomic mass than Hf. Density‐functional‐theory calculations predict thermal conductivities in good agreement with the experimental data, provide comprehensive insights into the results, and reveal the origin of the apparent anomaly of the relative thermal conductivities of the two pentatellurides. These results establish that HfTe5 and ZrTe5, and by implication their alloys, have highly anisotropic and ultralow through‐plane thermal conductivities, which can provide guidance for the design of materials for new directional‐heat‐management applications and potentially other thermal functionalities.
Band‐Edge Exciton Fine Structure and Exciton Recombination Dynamics in Single Crystals of Layered Hybrid Perovskites
Authors: Fang Hong‐Hua , Yang Jie , Adjokatse Sampson , Tekelenburg Eelco , Kamminga Machteld E. , Duim Herman , Ye Jianting , Blake Graeme R. , Even Jacky , Loi Maria Antonietta 
Published: December 2019

Abstract2D perovskite materials have recently reattracted intense research interest for applications in photovoltaics and optoelectronics. As a consequence of the dielectric and quantum confinement effect, they show strongly bound and stable excitons at room temperature. Here, the band‐edge exciton fine structure and in particular its exciton and biexciton dynamics in high quality crystals of (PEA)2PbI4 are investigated. A comparison of bulk and surface exciton lifetimes yields a room temperature surface recombination velocity of 2 × 103 cm s−1 and an intrinsic lifetime of 185 ns. Biexciton emission is evidenced at room temperature, with a binding energy of ≈45 meV and a lifetime of 80 ps. At low temperature, exciton state splitting is observed, which is caused by the electron–hole exchange interaction. Transient photoluminescence resolves the low‐lying dark exciton state, with a bright/dark splitting energy estimated to be 10 meV. This work contributes to the understanding of the complex scenario of the elementary photoexcitations in 2D perovskites.
All‐Fiber Structured Electronic Skin with High Elasticity and Breathability
Authors: Li Zhaoling , Zhu Miaomiao , Shen Jiali , Qiu Qian , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWith the rapid advancement in artificial intelligence, wearable electronic skins have attracted substantial attention. However, the fabrication of such devices with high elasticity and breathability is still a challenge and highly desired. Here, a route to develop an all‐fiber structured electronic skin with a scalable electrospinning fabrication technique is reported. The fabricated electronic skin is demonstrated to exhibit high pressure sensing with a sensitivity of 0.18 V kPa−1 in the detection range of 0–175 kPa. This wearable device could maintain prominent sensing performance and mechanical stability in the presence of large deformation, even when the elastic deformation is up to 50%. The electronic skin is easily conformable on different desired objects for real‐time spatial mapping and long‐term tactile sensing. Besides, it possesses high gas permeability with a water vapor transmittance rate of 10.26 kg m−2 d−1. More importantly, the electronic skin is capable of working in a self‐powered manner and even serves as a reliable power source to effectively drive small electronics. Possessing several compelling features, such as high sensitivity, high elasticity, high breathability as well as being self‐powered and scalable in fabrication, the presented device paves a pathway for smart electronic skins.
DNA‐ and Field‐Mediated Assembly of Magnetic Nanoparticles into High‐Aspect Ratio Crystals
Authors: Park Sarah S. , Urbach Zachary J. , Brisbois Chase A. , Parker Kelly A. , Partridge Benjamin E. , Oh Taegon , Dravid Vinayak P. , Olvera de la Cruz Monica , Mirkin Chad A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUnder an applied magnetic field, superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles with complementary DNA strands assemble into crystalline, pseudo‐1D elongated superlattice structures. The assembly process is driven through a combination of DNA hybridization and particle dipolar coupling, a property dependent on particle composition, size, and interparticle distance. The DNA controls interparticle distance and crystal symmetry, while the magnetic field leads to anisotropic crystal growth. Increasing the dipole interaction between particles by increasing particle size or external field strength leads to a preference for a particular crystal morphology (e.g., rhombic dodecahedra, stacked clusters, and smooth rods). Molecular dynamics simulations show that an understanding of both DNA hybridization energetic and magnetic interactions is required to predict the resulting crystal morphology. Taken together, the data show that applied magnetic fields with magnetic nanoparticles can be deliberately used to access nanostructures beyond what is possible with DNA hybridization alone.
Near‐Infrared Light‐Triggered Therapy to Combat Bacterial Biofilm Infections by MoSe2/TiO2 Nanorod Arrays on Bone Implants
Authors: Zhang Guannan , Zhang Xingyu , Yang Yongqiang , Zhang Hongyu , Shi Jing , Yao Xiaohong , Zhang Xiangyu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLight‐triggered antibacterial therapy is a promising alternative to combat bone‐implant‐associated infections. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is already widely used in biomedical engineering due to its excellent biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, and photocatalytic capability. However, the narrow absorption band in near‐infrared (NIR) region restricts its practical application as photosensitizer for disinfection. Herein, molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2)/TiO2‐Ti nanorod arrays (NRAs) with enhanced photothermal conversion and photocatalytic performance under 808 nm NIR light irradiation are prepared on titanium (Ti) by a two‐step hydrothermal treatment. The combined actions of hyperthermia and reactive oxygen species give rise to excellent antibacterial activities on titanium requiring irradiation for only 10 min as demonstrated by the experiments conducted in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the introduction of arginine–glycine–aspartic acid can not only eliminate the weak toxicity of MoSe2, but also improve the cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of TiO2‐Ti NRAs. This composite NRAs show great promise for in situ and nonsurgical treatment of biofilm infection on Ti implants.
Research progress on immune aging and its mechanisms affecting geriatric diseases
Authors: Yu Yanping , Zheng Songbai 
Published: December 2019

AbstractImmunosenescence, also known as immune aging, refers to the degeneration, compensation, and reconstruction of the immune system with aging. Immune aging is an important factor in the increased susceptibility of the elderly to infectious diseases, malignant tumors, and a variety of chronic diseases and has long been a hotspot in geriatrics and immunology research. In this paper, the characteristics and progression of immune aging are briefly reviewed for clinicians' reference.
Scale and structure dependent drag in gas–solid flows
Authors: Liu Xiaowen , Ge Wei , Wang Limin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDrag plays a crucial role in hydrodynamic modeling and simulations of gas–solid flows, which is significantly affected by particle Reynolds number, solid volume fraction, heterogeneity, granular temperature, particle‐fluid density ratio, and so on. To clarify and quantify the multiscale effects of these factors, large‐scale particle‐resolved direct numerical simulations of gas–solid flows with up to 115,200 freely moving particles are conducted. Both domain‐averaged kinetic properties and local averaged dimensionless drag are sampled and analyzed. It is revealed that the complex scale‐dependence of drag is attributed to the multiscale effects of heterogeneous structures and particle fluctuating velocity. The granular temperature and the scalar variance of solid volume fraction are also found to be scale‐dependent. On account of these, a new drag correlation as the function of Froude number is proposed with consideration of scale‐dependence.
Second cancers in MPN: Survival analysis from an international study
Authors: Marchetti Monia , Ghirardi Arianna , Masciulli Arianna , Carobbio Alessandra , Palandri Francesca , Vianelli Nicola , Rossi Elena , Betti Silvia , Di Veroli Ambra , Iurlo Alessandra , Cattaneo Daniele , Finazzi Guido , Bonifacio Massimiliano , Scaffidi Luigi , Patriarca Andrea , Rumi Elisa , Casetti Ilaria Carola , Stephenson Clemency , Guglielmelli Paola , Elli Elena Maria , Palova Miroslava , Rapezzi Davide , Erez Daniel , Gomez Montse , Wille Kai , Perez‐Encinas Manuel , Lunghi Francesca , Angona Anna , Fox Maria Laura , Beggiato Eloise , Benevolo Giulia , Carli Giuseppe , Cacciola Rossella , McMullin Mary Frances , Tieghi Alessia , Recasens Valle , Isfort Susanne , Pane Fabrizio , De Stefano Valerio , Griesshammer Martin , Alvarez‐Larran Alberto , Vannucchi Alessandro Maria , Rambaldi Alessandro , Barbui Tiziano 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOne out of ten patients with Philadelphia‐negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) develop a second cancer (SC): in such patients we aimed at assessing the survival impact of SC itself and of MPN‐specific therapies. Data were therefore extracted from an international nested case‐control study, recruiting 798 patients with SC diagnosed concurrently or after the MPN. Overall, 2995 person‐years (PYs) were accumulated and mortality rate (MR) since SC diagnosis was 5.9 (5.1‐6.9) deaths for every 100 PYs. A “poor prognosis” SC (stomach, esophagus, liver, pancreas, lung, ovary, head‐and‐neck or nervous system, osteosarcomas, multiple myeloma, aggressive lymphoma, acute leukemia) was reported in 26.3% of the patients and was the cause of death in 65% of them (MR 11.0/100 PYs). In contrast, patients with a “non‐poor prognosis” SC (NPPSC) incurred a MR of 4.6/100 PYs: 31% of the deaths were attributed to SC and 15% to MPN evolution. At multivariable analysis, death after SC diagnosis was independently predicted (HR and 95% CI) by patient age greater than 70 years (2.68; 1.88‐3.81), the SC prognostic group (2.57; 1.86‐3.55), SC relapse (1.53; 10.6‐2.21), MPN evolution (2.72; 1.84‐4.02), anemia at SC diagnosis (2.32; 1.49‐3.59), exposure to hydroxyurea (1.89; 1.26‐2.85) and to ruxolitinib (3.63; 1.97‐6.71). Aspirin was protective for patients with a NPPSC (0.60; 0.38‐0.95). In conclusion, SC is a relevant cause of death competing with MPN evolution. Prospective data are awaited to confirm the role of cytoreductive and anti‐platelet drugs in modulating patient survival after the occurrence of a SC.
A mixed methods study of physical activity and quality of life in adolescents with Turner syndrome
Authors: Thompson Talia , Zieba Brianna , Howell Susan , Karakash William , Davis Shanlee 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWomen with Turner syndrome (TS) have a high morbidity from both medical and psychological conditions with a negative impact on quality of life (QoL). Physical activity is a modifiable behavior shown to reduce risk for these chronic medical and mental health conditions and enhance QoL in other populations. Limited research suggests that adolescents and women with TS are less likely to engage in or enjoy physical activity than peers. This mixed methods study aimed to document physical activity levels in a sample of youth with TS and explore how factors unique to TS contribute to and are affected by physical activity. A cross‐sectional sample of 21 girls (12–21 years) with TS and their parents (n = 21) completed standardized questionnaires to quantify habitual physical activity (3‐day physical activity recall) and QoL (PROMIS) and participated in individual interviews focused on their experience with physical activity. Quantitative and qualitative results were synthesized using a phenomenological mixed methods approach. Results indicate that our sample engaged in less physical activity than peers and only 19% met recommendations for 1 hr per day of moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity. Parents reported significant problems with peer relationships and psychological stress, and peer relationships scores correlated with physical activity. Reported barriers to physical activity included physical and psychosocial complications related to TS as well as unique developmental considerations specific to adolescence. Quantitative and qualitative results supported that structured fitness options embedded into routines enhanced activity levels. Results were compiled into specific recommendations for clinical care and areas of future research.
Durch N‐heterocyclische Carbene katalysierte Photoenolisierungs‐Diels‐Alder‐Reaktion von Säurefluoriden
Authors: Mavroskoufis Andreas , Rajes Keerthana , Golz Paul , Agrawal Arush , Ruß Vincent , Götze Jan P. , Hopkinson Matthew N. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDie Kombination aus Lichtaktivierung und NHC‐Organokatalyse ermöglichte eine UVA‐lichtvermittelte photochemische Umwandlung von Säurefluoriden, die zuvor nur mit aromatischen Aldehyden und Ketonen beobachtet wurde. Stöchiometrische Studien und TD‐DFT‐Rechnungen stützen einen Mechanismus, der die Photoaktivierung eines ortho‐Toluylazolium‐Intermediats umfasst, das unter UVA‐Strahlung eine “ketonartige” photochemische Reaktivität aufweist. Mithilfe dieses Photo‐NHC‐Katalyseansatzes wurde ein neuer Photoenolisierungs‐Diels‐Alder (PEDA)‐Prozess entwickelt, der zu verschiedenen Isochroman‐1‐on‐Derivaten führte.