bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Purification, cDNA cloning and characterization of Kunitz-type protease inhibitors from Apios americana tubers
Authors: Liu Jia , Yonekura Masami , Kouzuma Yoshiaki 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Two kinds of Kunitz-type protease inhibitors, AKPI1 and AKPI2, were purified from Apios americana tubers by four steps of column chromatographies and their cDNA cloning was performed. AKPI1 cDNA consist of 809 nucleotides, and the matured protein had 190 amino acids with 20,594 Da. AKPI2 cDNA consist of 794 nucleotides, and the matured protein had 177 amino acids with 19,336 Da. P1 site of AKPI2 was Leu88, suggested the target enzyme was chymotrypsin. On the other hand, Gly85-Ile86-Ser87 was positioned around P1 site of AKTI1. Sequence analysis suggested that two forms (single-chain and two-chain form) of AKPI2 protein were present in the tubers. Recombinant AKPI2 expressed by E.coli system showed inhibitory activity toward serine proteases and heat stability. The Ki values toward chymotrypsin and trypsin were 4 × 10−7 M and 6 × 10−6 M, respectively.
Abbreviations: AAL: Apios americana lectin; AATI: Apios americana Bowman-Birk type trypsin inhibitor; ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme; IPTG: isopropyl-β-D-thio-galactopyranoside; Ki: inhibition constant; KPIs: Kunitz-type protease inhibitors; L-BAPA: Benzoyl-L-arginine p-nitroanilide monohydrochloride; L-BTPA: Benzoyl-L-tyrosine p-nitroanilide; PFLNA: Pyr-Phe-Leu-p-nitroanilide; RP-HPLC: reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography; RT-PCR: reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; SDS-PAGE: sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; SLIC: sequence and ligation independent cloning; STANA: N-Succinyl-Ala-Ala-Ala-p-nitroanilide; SHR: spontaneously hypertensive rats; TFA: trifluoroacetic acid; UTR: untranslated region.
Full distribution of first exit times in the narrow escape problem
Authors: Grebenkov Denis S , Metzler Ralf , Oshanin Gleb 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In the scenario of the narrow escape problem (NEP) a particle diffuses in a finite container and eventually leaves it through a small ‘escape window’ in the otherwise impermeable boundary, once it arrives to this window and crosses an entropic barrier at the entrance to it. This generic problem is mathematically identical to that of a diffusion-mediated reaction with a partially-reactive site on the container’s boundary. Considerable knowledge is available on the dependence of the mean first-reaction time (FRT) on the pertinent parameters. We here go a distinct step further and derive the full FRT distribution for the NEP. We demonstrate that typical FRTs may be orders of magnitude shorter than the mean one, thus resulting in a strong defocusing of characteristic temporal scales. We unveil the geometry-control of the typical times, emphasising the role of the initial distance to the target as a decisive parameter. A crucial finding is the further FRT defocusing due to the barrier, necessitating repeated escape or reaction attempts interspersed with bulk excursions. These results add new perspectives and offer a broad comprehension of various features of the by-now classical NEP that are relevant for numerous biological and technological systems.
Q-Switched dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser using graphene as a saturable absorber
Authors: Yusoff R A M , Kasim N , Jafry A A A , Munajat Y , Harun S W , Suliman M I 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We proposed stable Q-switched dual-wavelength initiated by graphene as saturable absorber inside erbium-doped fiber laser cavity. Continuous-wave and pulse spectrum of erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) was successfully demonstrated and analysed where the lasing starts at a pump power of 50.4 mW. Threshold pump power generates continuous-wave at 1560 nm which is then shifted to 1558.7 nm as the SA is inserted. Q-switched EDFL generates a maximum repetition rate of 115.9 kHz which corresponds to a pulse width of 41 μs. The generation of dual-wavelength at two different wavelengths are also demonstrated in these works.
Graphene in chitin based passive Q-switcher
Authors: Zuikafly S N F , Wan Nawawi W M F , Ngee L H , Yahaya H , Yahya W J , Ahmad F 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Many materials have been utilized as saturable absorbers in generating pulsed lasers. By incorporating them with host polymers such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyethylene oxide (PEO), the process of saturable absorber integration into the laser cavity is made easier. This work reported the generation of Q-switched pulsed lasers based on graphene embedded in chitin saturable absorber. Graphene: chitin with a concentration of 1:1 and 1.5:1 are integrated into a fiber laser cavity and the laser performance of both SAs are recorded and compared. The graphene chitin SA of 1:1 concentration produces a higher repetition rate and shorter pulse duration of 111.77 kHz and 1.328 μs, respectively. However, the SA with higher graphene content operated at a larger range of input pump power yielding a higher instantaneous peak power and pulse energy of 7.29 mW, and 14.37 nJ, respectively. This work introduces chitin as a potentially excellent natural host polymer as an alternative to conventional ones such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyethylene oxide (PEO).
Fiber Laser Temperature Sensor based on Sagnac Interferometer
Authors: Omar M A , Cholan N A , Abdulrahman A M , Jaharuddin N A N , Talib R , Ngajikin N H 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A fiber laser temperature sensor which is based on Sagnac interferometer is proposed in this work. The fiber laser consists of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier for signal amplification and a Sagnac interferometer for signal filtering. The Sagnac interferometer is made of 30 cm polarization maintaining fiber (PMF) and it acts as the sensing head. Experimental results suggest that the temperature does affect the laser wavelength. As the temperature varies from 30°C to 41°C, the laser wavelength is shifted to the lower wavelength from 1596.5 nm to 1581.8 nm with the recorded sensitivity of 1.1965 nm/°C. The change of the laser wavelength with temperature validates the use of this fiber laser as the temperature sensor.
Tapered single-mode optical fiber-based on localized surface plasmon resonance as refractive index sensor
Authors: Musa Nurfatin , Bakhtiar Hazri , Krishnan Ganesan , Ahmad Harith , Wadi Harun Sulaiman , Safwan Abd Aziz Muhammad 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A simple tapered single-mode optical fiber-based on localized surface plasmon resonance was proposed as a refractometer for liquid samples application. The tapered optical fiber (TOF) was fabricated by using a flame–brush method and achieved a waist diameter of 16.5 µm over the length about 20 mm. 3-mercatoptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) with a mercapto group (-SH) was utilized as a silane agent to immobilized the nanoparticles by strong covalent bonding between sulphur and gold. The sensing mechanism relies on the transmission shifting in the output spectra due to the evanescent field absorption by immobilized gold nanoparticles on TOF surface. The performance of TOF has been evaluated with the surrounding refractive index varied over the range from 1.3330 to 1.4229. The sensitivity of the sensor was recorded at 18 nm/RIU with good repeatability and stability for 70 minutes.
Q-switched Thulium-doped fiber laser with Bismuth-doped fiber saturable absorber
Authors: Musa B , Latiff A A , Rusdi M F M , Rahman M F A , Zulkipli N F , Samsamnun F S M , Jafry A A A , Harun S W 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We demonstrate a passive Q-switched all-fiber ring configuration in thulium-doped fiber laser (TDFL) cavity using a bismuth-doped fiber (BDF) as a saturable absorber (SA). A piece of 20 cm long BDF was spliced and incorporated in the laser cavity for Q-switching pulse generation. By raising the pump power from 454 mW to 564 mW, the repetition rate of the laser is tunable within a range from 18.10 kHz to 25.22 kHz while the pulse width reduces from 9.04 µs to 6.98 µs. At maximum pump power, the Q-switched TDFL has output power, a slope efficiency, pulse energy and peak power of 5 mW, 3.53 %, 0.2 µJ and 28.40 mW, respectively.
Hazard Experiences and Risk Reduction and Mitigation Initiatives of Residents in Barangay 843 – Zone 92 in Pandacan, Manila
Authors: Cipriano T. J. L. , Garcia E. B. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Hazards brought about challenges to the local residents on how they would eventually recover from these tragic and traumatic experiences. This includes the development of better and more effective ways of mitigating hazards to ensure that there are minimal damages to lives and properties. Based on fieldwork survey and semi-structured interviews involving fifty-eight (58) barangay residents, this study described the hazard experiences and risk reduction initiatives of residents of in a barangay in Pandacan, Manila. The findings of the research suggest that residents have developed risk reduction and hazard mitigating practices through the years of their exposure to hazards. Some of the local residents had a vivid recollection of their encounter with hazards, while some are ambivalent. Their individual experiences and collaborative or community effort helped the residents to have organized and coherent actions of mitigations against such hazards in the future. The production of hazard maps is touted to be one of the biggest contributions of the study that is drawn based on the survey and interviews with local officials and residents. Such maps will empower the local barangay council in identifying the hazard-prone areas and in turn will inform, create hazard awareness activities for the residents.
Perception of People on Modernized Traditional Culinary in Yogyakarta
Authors: Briantama Yanuar Ridwan , Ni Wayan Kartika S , Zithny Ilman Prihastopo , Satria Yudha A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Yogyakarta is famous for its various traditional culinary as the main tourist attraction. These traditional culinary has wide local and international market in line with local branding of “Jogja Istimewa”. Parallel with the technology development, traditional culinary had been modernized in packaging. This innovation mainly impact on product attraction and market preference. Nevertheless, the studies about this topic are rarely found. Therefore, a study about market preferences in product attraction is needed, especially about modernized traditional culinary. Perception data acquisitions are including taste, preservation, prices, and product quality. Data is collected through questionnaire and depth interview methods. Questionnaire samples are selected by using purposive sampling which consist 30 samples from Yogyakarta city and 30 others from outside Yogyakarta city. Informants for depth interview are selected from local modernized-traditional-culinary entrepreneur. Questionnaire data are analysed using quantitative method by arranging crosstab between variables, meanwhile depth interview data are analysed using qualitative method. Relationship among variables is presented in crosstab. Local people’s perception about modernized-traditional- culinary is presented by pie chart. This study aims to identify local people perspective about modernized-traditional-culinary, so that strategies for development of local economy enterprises can be determined. The right development strategies will increase product competitiveness and trigger industrial inovation which lead to higher economic growth. These are parallel with Sustainable Development Goals, particularly on “Decent Work and Economic Growth” and “Industry, Inovation, and Infrastructure”.
BRT in the Philippines: A Solution to Manila and Cebu Traffic Problems?
Authors: Boquet Yves 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), where buses run on dedicated roads at high frequency, almost in a metrorail manner, has been adopted as a backbone of urban mobility in the cities of many developing countries. Originally developed in South America (Curitiba, Brazil and Bogotá, Colombia), it has entered Asia with force, from Indonesia (Jakarta’s Transjakarta) to India and China. In the case of the Philippines, where intercity bus transportation is widely used due to the current lack of a railway network, city traffic, especially in Manila, is heavily congested, partly due to a high number of city buses running half-empty, the small proportion of road space relative to the vehicle population, and the insufficient provision of urban rail transportation. This paper examines the current situation of congestion, and its adverse effects, in the two main urban areas of the Philippines, Manila and Cebu, and the plans to implement BRT, looking at the routes chosen, the financing, the schedule of development and the expected outcomes. A major impediment to improvement in traffic conditions in the Philippines is the current boundary system, which coupled with the high number of bus operating companies leads to wild competition on the road, with the strong potential for multiple traffic jams and traffic accidents. Implementing a BRT system to make traffic smooth and fluid will require not only some road work and financing, but also a profound change in the way the bus system operates. It will also require a profound re-evaluation of intermodality between the renovated bus system, the rail system and two iconic Filipino transport modes, the aging jeepney and the lowly trisikel.
Spatial pattern of industrial region development in Sidoharjo Sub-district, Sragen Regency
Authors: Rachmawati Ghesa Meilinda , Susiloningtyas Dewi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The industrial sector is one of the main regional income and is the preeminent sector of Sragen regency especially Sidoharjo Sub-district which has increased in recent years. Regional development is required to pay attention to its leading sectors based on its potential to bring benefits to the region. The purpose of this research is to understand the pattern of spatial industrial development through the direction of industrial area development in Sidoharjo Sub-district based on its market orientation and the impact of industrial development on employment and income generation. The method used in this research is quantitative method and descriptive method of spatial. The result of research shows the development of industrial area in Sidoharjo Sub-district based on the orientation of its market area where the impact of industrial development absorbs the workforce from around industrial area. Textile industry oriented to local market and international market which have high level of employment. The international market-oriented apparel industry has a moderate rate of employment. The regional-oriented food industry has a low rate of employment. The national market-oriented processing industry has a low rate of employment.
Strengthening Local Potential for Sustainable Economic Development in Bengkulu City
Authors: Listyaningrum N. , Lestari S. F. , Riyanto I. A. , Cahyadi A. , Sulistyo B. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Number of poor population in Bengkulu City is the highest among other regencies in Bengkulu Province. Development in Bengkulu City looks forward internally, but not changing the image as lagging region in Indonesia. Although the Human Development Index (HDI) of Bengkulu City is the highest in Bengkulu Province and more than the national average, it has not been beneficial for the Bengkulu City progress. Research objectives are: (1) to know the leading sector in Bengkulu City, (2) to know the chain of regional economic issues of Bengkulu City, and (3) to formulate a strategy of sustainable economic development in Bengkulu City. Method which is used in this research is literature study and descriptive analysis towards calculation results of location quotient (LQ), specialization index (SI), Theil entropy index (TEI), shift-share analysis, and Klassen typology based on gross domestic product (GDP) data. The results show that the most leading sector in Bengkulu City is company service, with LQ of 2.97 (2011); 3.02 (2012); and 2.96 (2013). The regional economic issues in Bengkulu City can not be separated by disparity of the leading sector, unspecialized of the leading sector, low competitiveness and lagged of the leading sector, coupled with increasing of poor population, not optimalized of HDI utilization, and low function of regional development key. Development strategy in Bengkulu City formulated through local potential empowerment, such as developing company service sector, increasing the company setor service competitiveness, and creating generative city relations.
How do various types of non-metropolitan regions react to economic shocks?
Authors: Ženka Jan , Slach Ondřej 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
There have been many studies focused on regional resilience and its particular determinants at regional level such as population size, industry mix, specialization/diversity, firm size structure, export orientation or institutions. Our research question is: which types of regions are more resilient: metropolitan or non-metropolitan regions, urban cores or hinterlands, peripheral, branch plant or single factory regions? These questions were examined in our case study of post-crisis (2009-2014) economic development of Czech city-regions. We propose a typology of city-regions based on particularities in economic structure, key actors and mechanisms of development. Eight main categories of Czech city-regions were distinguished: metropolitan cores, metropolitan hinterlands, medium-sized urban regions with metropolitan functions, peripheral city- regions, single factory city-regions dominated by a large domestic manufacturing firm, “ordinary” diversified industrial city-regions, lower and higher-tiered branch plant regions dominated mostly by foreign-owned manufacturing assembly plants. We conducted a quantitative analysis focused on differences among the above mentioned types of regions in the dynamics of post-crisis growth of value added and employment in agriculture, industry, construction and business services. Empirical results show that differences in resilience among particular types of regions were relatively small. Surprisingly, single-factory city-regions and higher-tiered branch plant regions exhibited the most rapid pace of recovery, while the metropolitan cores and hinterlands lagged behind significantly.
Land Use Change of Cisadane River Buffer Strips, South Tangerang City, Indonesia
Authors: Izzati U , Hasibuan H S , Indra T L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A river buffer strip is a vegetated area along river water bodies that protect and conserve river functions and eco-drainage of watershed. Currently, buffer strip quality has degraded by many land use conversion to settlement area. The critical condition of river buffer strip is more vulnerable in urban areas. Urbanization is also a driving factor for emergence of settlements at the banks of river in urban area. This land conversion may disrupt ecological functions of river buffer strips as well as river functions. The disruption of river functions may increase flooding risk that would be harmful to human community as well. Cisadane River is a large river that crosses many cities - one of them is South Tangerang City. This study aims to map and analyse land use changes in Cisadane river buffer strip. Land use change analysis based on satellite image data coverage in 2010 and 2015 using Geographic Information System. Source of land use data from google earth image. The result showed that in 5 years period, land built up has increased up to 1.04%, agricultural land has decreased up to 2.24%, the shrubs has increased up to 13.40%, open field has increased to 2.49%, stands vegetation has decreased to 15.73%, and water bodies has increased to 1.04%. The land use changes of Cisadane River buffer strips show a negative change - there is increasing built up land, open field, and shrubs; but declining stands vegetation. Changes in land use also do not disregarding river buffer designation; therefore those changes can disrupt ecological functions and give negative impact to river and watershed.
The Effect of Jatigede Dam Construction towards the Spatial Pattern of Total Suspended Solids and Chl-a in Waters Areas around Mouth of Cimanuk River
Authors: Sukarno R H T H , Intansari F , Shidiq I P A , Hernina R. , Kusratmoko E 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Construction of dams in the upstream area will lead to changes in flow water, sediment output in the downstream area and change nutrients entry into estuatries then affects chl-a (Chl-a) concentration. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of the functioning of the dam Jatigede in Sumedang District towards the condition of total suspended solids (TSS) and chl-a (Chl-a) concentration in the sea water around the mouth of the Cimanuk River. In this study, we used multi-temporal Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS imagery to determine the spatial pattern of TSS during the time before and after the functioning of dam Jatigede. The results showed that after the Jatigede Dam operated, the distributions and amounts of TSS concentration > 80mg/l tends to reduce, especially at the water areas close to the coast and the Cimanuk river discharge no longer significantly affects the spatial distribution of TSS concentrations. The watershed discharge also affects the distribution area of Chl-a 0.5-1 mg/m3 which tend to decrease in the water nearby to land.
Agricultural restructuring towards raising added values and sustainable development in Hanoi city, Vietnam
Authors: Le D M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Hanoi both is the capital, the leading political, economic, commercial, tourist, cultural, educational, training and scientific-technical center of the country with the population of approximate 7.5 million. Therefore, agriculture plays an important role in satisfying the increasing demand of the people on agricultural products, especially organic products. However, limitations remain in the sector. To bring the capital’s agriculture into advanced and sustainable development, restructure is a breakthrough solution. By the study of the author, the article provides specific analysis on the current situation and direction of agricultural restructuring in the Hanoi by the year 2020.
Changes in the Value of Sinuosity Index in Komering River Channel, Province South Sumatera Years 1990 - 2016
Authors: Kusratmoko E. , Wibowo A. , Ahmad Kurnia A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Komering Watershed has experienced degradation in the quality of environment and ecosystems. This ecosystem and environmental degradation is due to significant deforestation and land conversion in upstream and central areas. Land conversion which led to erosion in the upstream and sedimentation in the downstream causing changes in river channel. This study aims to analyze the deformation (morphodynamics) of river channel of Komering River in 1990, 1997, 2000, 2010 and 2013. The occurred changes are identified using satellite image interpretation and calculation from sinuosity index based on changes in river channel. Satellite image data are obtained from multitemporal Landsat images to identify changes in the river channel, while sinuosity index is used as an indicator of changes in the river channel. The results of this study showed that during 26 years period (1990 - 2016), the channel of Komering River changes in eleven locations. There are five locations that indicate tendencies to be straight and six locations show tendencies to get curved. This conclusion is based on the calculation of the sinuosity index value due to changes in land cover.