bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sector bounds in stability analysis and control design
Authors: Xia Meng , Gahinet Pascal , Abroug Neil , Buhr Craig , Laroche Edouard 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThe sector stability theorem is an intuitive condition for the stability of feedback loops that unifies many lines of research including robust control and the theory of passive and dissipative systems. Applying this theorem typically requires checking or enforcing sector bounds on linear time‐invariant systems. This article discusses practical and efficient numerical methods for performing these tasks. We derive a frequency‐domain test for sector boundedness and use it to develop O(n3) numerical algorithms for computing the relative or directional indices of sector bounds. We also discuss how such algorithms can be combined with nonsmooth optimization techniques to enforce sector bounds while designing and tuning controllers. Several application examples illustrate the potential of these tools and techniques.
K2CO3‐Promoted Pyrazoles Synthesis from 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of N‐Tosylhydrazones with Acetylene Gas
Authors: Li Dongying , Qiu Shanguang , Chen Yuxue , Wu Luyong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract1,3‐Dipolar cycloaddition of N‐tosylhydrazones with acetylene gas on balloon was investigated. Bases and solvents were screened and K2CO3 was verified to be an efficient base to promote this process. DMSO gave the better result in the reaction of N‐tosylhydrazones derived from aldehyde, and NMP was a better suitable solvent in the reaction of ketone N‐tosylhydrazones. And a series of pyrazoles were provided in mediate to good yields. This process was easy to handle and suitable to the industrial application.
Operationalizing digital twins through model‐based systems engineering methods
Authors: Bickford Jason , Van Bossuyt Douglas L. , Beery Paul , Pollman Anthony 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn recent years there has been increased demand for readiness and availability metrics across many industries and especially in national defense to enable data‐driven decision making at all levels of planning, maintenance, and operations, and in leveraging integrated models that inform stakeholders of current operational system health and performance metrics. The digital twin (DT) has been identified as a promising approach for deploying these models to fielded systems although several challenges exist in wide adoption and implementation. Two challenges examined in this article are that the nature of DT development is a system‐specific endeavor, and the development is usually an additional effort that begins after initial system fielding. A fundamental challenge with DT development, which sets it apart from traditional models, is the DT itself is treated as a separate system, and therefore the physical asset/DT construct becomes a system‐of‐systems problem. This article explores how objectives in DT development align with those of model‐based systems engineering (MBSE), and how the MBSE process can answer questions necessary to define the DT. The key benefits to the approach are leveraging work already being performed during system synthesis and DT development is pushed earlier in a system's lifecycle. This article contributes to the definition and development processes for DTs by proposing a DT development model and path, a method for scoping and defining requirements for a DT, and an approach to integrate DT and system development. An example case study of a Naval unmanned system is presented to illustrate the contributions.
First‐trimester fetal neurosonography: technique and diagnostic potential
Authors: Volpe N. , Dall'Asta A. , Di Pasquo E. , Frusca T. , Ghi T. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTMost brain abnormalities are present in the first trimester, but only a few are detected so early in gestation. According to current recommendations for first‐trimester ultrasound, the fetal head structures that should be visualized are limited to the cranial bones, the midline falx and the choroid‐plexus‐filled ventricles. Using this basic approach, almost all cases of acrania, alobar holoprosencephaly and cephalocele are detected. However, the majority of other fetal brain abnormalities remain undiagnosed until the midtrimester. Such anomalies would be potentially detectable if the sonographic study were to be extended to include additional anatomic details not currently included in existing guidelines. The aim of this review article is to describe how best to assess the normal fetal brain by first‐trimester expert multiplanar neurosonography and to demonstrate the early sonographic findings that characterize some major fetal brain abnormalities. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Identification of a novel gene controlling homothallism in the yeast Kazachstania naganishii isolated in Japan
Authors: Toyomura Kousuke , Hisatomi Taisuke , Yokoyama Nanami , Miyamoto Akira 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA novel gene controlling homothallic life cycle was identified in the yeast Kazachstania naganishii isolated in Japan. This gene was isolated by means of complementing a mutation, mti1, which had led to heterothallism from original homothallism in the yeast. The configuration of original mutation in MTI1 gene revealed that a truncated product is formed due to occurrence of a stop codon by a nucleotide insertion. When the gene was disrupted with a marker, the disruptant spore clone was haploid and stably heterothallic. Disfunction of the gene caused inability to self‐diploidize due to defect of mating‐type interconversion. The gene MTI1 (for Mating Type Interconversion) is a weak homolog of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae VID22/ENV11, which has been reported to function in vacuolar protein processing. K. naganishii has a gene representing significant homology with the HO gene of S. cerevisiae on chromosome V, which has not been clarified to be involved in regulation of life cycle in K. naganishii. The MTI1 gene defined in this study is located on K. naganishii chromosome IV and does not represent significant homology to the above ScHO‐like gene and any other genes concerning life cycles of yeasts. From the viewpoint of gene evolution, it is extremely interesting that the MTI1 gene is a new type of gene controlling homothallism in addition to an HO‐type gene, leading to discovery of an unknown mechanism regulating life cycles in yeasts.
On build‐up of epidemiologic models—Development of a SEI3RSD model for the spread of SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Wolff Michael 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe present study investigates essential steps in build‐up of models for description of the spread of infectious diseases. Combining these modules, a SEI3RSD model will be developed, which can take into account a possible passive immunisation by vaccination as well as different durations of latent and incubation periods. Besides, infectious persons with and without symptoms can be distinguished. Due to the current world‐wide SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic (COVID‐19 pandemic) models for description of the spread of infectious diseases and their application for forecasts have become into the focus of the scientific community as well as of broad public more than usual. Currently, many papers and studies have appeared and appear dealing with the virus SARS‐CoV‐2 and the COVID‐19 disease caused by it. This occurs under medical, virological, economic, sociological and further aspects as well as under mathematical points of view. Concerning the last‐mentioned point, the main focus lies on the application of existing models and their adaptation to data about the course of infection available at the current time. Clearly, the aim is to predict the possible further development, for instance in Germany. It is of particular interest to investigate how will be the influence of political and administrative measures like contact restrictions, closing or rather re‐opening of schools, restaurants, hotels etc. on the course of infection. The steps considered here for building up suitable models are well‐known for long time. However, understandably they will not be dealt with in an extended way in current application‐oriented works. Therefore, it is the aim of this study to present some existing steps of modelling without any pretension of completeness. Thus, on the one hand we give assistance and, on the other hand, we develop a model capable to take already known properties of COVID‐19 as well as a later possible passive immunisation by vaccination and a possible loss of immunity of recovered persons into account.
Bootstrap bounds on closed Einstein manifolds
Authors: Bonifacio James , Hinterbichler Kurt 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A compact Riemannian manifold is associated with geometric data given by the eigenvalues of various Laplacian operators on the manifold and the triple overlap integrals of the corresponding eigenmodes. This geometric data must satisfy certain consistency conditions that follow from associativity and the completeness of eigenmodes. We show that it is possible to obtain nontrivial bounds on the geometric data of closed Einstein manifolds by using semidefinite programming to study these consistency conditions, in analogy to the conformal bootstrap bounds on conformal field theories. These bootstrap bounds translate to constraints on the tree-level masses and cubic couplings of Kaluza-Klein modes in theories with compact extra dimensions. We show that in some cases the bounds are saturated by known manifolds.
Propagators, BCFW recursion and new scattering equations at one loop
Authors: Farrow Joseph A. , Geyer Yvonne , Lipstein Arthur E. , Monteiro Ricardo , Stark-Muchão Ricardo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We investigate how loop-level propagators arise from tree level via a forward-limit procedure in two modern approaches to scattering amplitudes, namely the BCFW recursion relations and the scattering equations formalism. In the first part of the paper, we revisit the BCFW construction of one-loop integrands in momentum space, using a convenient parametrisation of the D-dimensional loop momentum. We work out explicit examples with and without supersymmetry, and discuss the non-planar case in both gauge theory and gravity. In the second part of the paper, we study an alternative approach to one-loop integrands, where these are written as worldsheet formulas based on new one-loop scattering equations. These equations, which are inspired by BCFW, lead to standard Feynman-type propagators, instead of the ‘linear’-type loop-level propagators that first arose from the formalism of ambitwistor strings. We exploit the analogies between the two approaches, and present a proof of an all-multiplicity worldsheet formula using the BCFW recursion.
A new certified reference material for size and shape analysis of nanorods using electron microscopy
Authors: Kestens Vikram , Gerganova Tsvetelina , Roebben Gert , Held Andrea 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA new certified reference material (CRM) for size and shape analysis of elongated nanoparticles has been developed by the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre. The CRM consists of titanium dioxide nanorods dispersed in 1-butanol, was coded ERM-FD103 and has been certified for different electron microscopy–based operationally defined measurands such as the modal and median values of the particle number-weighted distributions of the minimum and maximum Feret diameter, the maximum inscribed circle diameter, the area-equivalent circular diameter and the aspect ratio. The nanorods have nominal dimensions of 15 nm in width and 55 nm in length. Homogeneity and stability measurements were performed using transmission electron microscopy. The relative standard uncertainty for homogeneity ranged from 0.3 to 1.7%. No significant instability was detected for a shelf life of 18 months and a storage temperature of 18 °C. The certified values have been determined from the results of an interlaboratory comparison in which qualified expert laboratories participated with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The certified values are traceable to the unit of length in the International System of Units, the metre, and the relative expanded uncertainties (confidence level of approximately 95%) range from 4 to 6%. These properties allow the CRM to be used for quality assurance and calibration of electron microscopy methods for nanoparticle size and shape analysis in ranges relevant for the implementation of EU legislation related to nanomaterials. The presented study discusses the purpose and results of the different steps that were followed to turn an industrially relevant raw titanium dioxide nanorod material into a fit-for-purpose CRM.Graphical abstract
Preventing action slows down performance in perceptual judgment
Authors: Quarona D. , Raffuzzi M. , Costantini M. , Sinigaglia C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAction and vision are known to be tightly coupled with each other. In a previous study, we found that repeatedly grasping an object without any visual feedback might result in a perceptual aftereffect when the object was visually presented in the context of a perceptual judgement task. In this study, we explored whether and how such an effect could be modulated by presenting the object behind a transparent barrier. Our conjecture was that if perceptual judgment relies, in part at least, on the same processes and representations as those involved in action, then one should expect to find a slowdown in judgment performance when the target object looks to be out of reach. And this was what we actually found. This indicates that not only acting upon an object but also being prevented from acting upon it can affect how the object is perceptually judged.
Determinants of Breast‐Conserving Therapy in the Asian Population: A Systematic Review
Authors: Galeano Machuca Maria Paz , Cheng Shelly Chien‐Chien , Jou Tony Hong‐Ting , Cheng Chih‐Tao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundTreatment guidelines recommend breast‐conserving therapy (BCT) for patients with early‐stage breast cancer. However, Asian patients choose mastectomy over BCT, and the factors influencing this choice are unknown. This review aimed to identify the factors most frequently reported in the Eastern and Southeastern Asian population influencing the choice of BCT for treatment of early‐stage breast cancer.MethodsPRISMA guidelines were followed, and PubMed and EMBASE databases were used. The literature search initially identified 4619 articles; abstract screening and full‐text screening were performed on 150 and 19 articles, respectively, and 9 articles were finally included in the study.ResultsSelection of BCT was associated with sociodemographic factors, such as high socioeconomic status and education level and young age at diagnosis; clinicopathological factors, such as small tumor size and mammographically detected tumors; and healthcare provider factors, such as treatment from a female doctor or from a breast specialist. However, not selecting BCT was associated with personal factors, such as fear of recurrence and avoidance of further treatment.ConclusionsThe process of making a treatment decision is complicated and involves many factors influencing patients’ choice of surgery type. Exploring these factors helps to elucidate why patients do not choose BCT as their treatment option.
European Laryngological Society position paper on laryngeal dysplasia Part I: aetiology and pathological classification
Authors: Odell Edward , Eckel Hans Edmund , Simo Ricard , Quer Miquel , Paleri Vinidh , Klussmann Jens Peter , Remacle Marc , Sjögren Elisabeth , Piazza Cesare 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose of review
To give an overview of the current knowledge regarding the aetiology, epidemiology, and classification of laryngeal dysplasia (LD) and to highlight the contributions of recent literature. As most cases of dysplasia occur at the glottic level and data on diagnosis and management are almost exclusively from this location, laryngeal dysplasia in this position paper is taken to be synonymous with dysplasia of the vocal folds.

Summary
LD has long been recognized as a precursor lesion to laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Tobacco and alcohol consumption are the two single most important etiological factors for the development of LD. There is currently insufficient evidence to support a role of reflux. Although varying levels of human papillomavirus have been identified in LD, its causal role is still uncertain, and there are data suggesting that it may be limited. Dysplasia has a varying presentation including leukoplakia, erythroleukoplakia, mucosal reddening or thickening with exophytic, “tumor-like” alterations. About 50% of leukoplakic lesions will contain some form of dysplasia. It has become clear that the traditionally accepted molecular pathways to cancer, involving accumulated mutations in a specific order, do not apply to LD. Although the molecular nature of the progression of LD to SCC is still unclear, it can be concluded that the risk of malignant transformation does rise with increasing grade of dysplasia, but not predictably so. Consequently, grading systems are inherently troubled by the weak correlation between the degree of the dysplasia and the risk of malignant transformation. The best data on LD grading and outcomes come from the Ljubljana group, forming the basis for the World Health Organization classification published in 2017.
Co-existence of lung carcinoma metastasis and enchondroma in the femur of a patient with Ollier disease
Authors: Wang Xudong , Zhang Xiaohui , Pan Wenling , Han Yuedong , Li Yanwei , Sun Haibin , Hogendoorn Pancras C. W. , Cheng Hong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTumour-to-tumour metastasis is very unusual and has been defined as a tumour metastasis into another histologically different tumour. It is extremely rare in bone. We report a case of lung squamous cell carcinoma metastasized to an enchondroma in the femur of a patient with Ollier disease. A 60-year-old female had a history of a poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. She underwent a video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy, and a follow-up MRI scan showed three lesions in the left distal femur and proximal tibia, which were initially interpreted as metastasis on radiology. Resection of the left proximal tibial lesion was performed, and the pathological findings were consistent with enchondroma with no evidence of metastasis. Subsequent curettage of lesions in the distal left femur revealed metastatic poorly differentiated carcinoma with foci of hyaline cartilage, which was most consistent with metastatic carcinoma in a pre-existing enchondroma. The MRI films were re-reviewed. Characteristic MRI features of enchondroma were found in the lesion in the left proximal tibia and one of the lesions in the left distal femur, while the features of the other lesion in the left distal femur included cortical destruction and extensive oedema in surrounding soft tissue, which were consistent with a malignant tumour. In addition, the enchondroma in the lateral condyle showed blurring and irregular inner margin and adjacent bone oedema, which likely represents a co-existing metastatic tumour and enchondroma. The difference in lineage was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The final diagnosis was metastatic poorly differentiated carcinoma of the lung into a co-existent enchondroma. The diagnosis can be challenging and could be easily overlooked both radiologically and histologically. Thorough clinical and radiological information is critical for the diagnosis, and despite a very unusual event, awareness of the tumour-to-tumour metastasis phenomenon can avoid an inaccurate diagnosis by the pathologist, therefore preventing inappropriate clinical intervention.
EGFR and BRAF mutations in inverted sinonasal papilloma — a more complex landscape?
Authors: Zonnur Sarah , Erbersdobler Andreas , Schneider Björn 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInverted (Schneiderian) sinonasal papilloma (ISP) is a neoplasm derived from mucosa of the sinonasal tract characterized by local aggressive growth, a tendency to recur and an association with sinonasal carcinoma. The etiology of ISP remains unclear. Recently, identical mutations in exons 19 and 20 of the oncogeneEGFRwere reported in ISP and ISP-associated sinonasal carcinoma. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether recurring ISPs show identicalEGFRmutations at different time points or whether these mutations are identical throughout the respective ISP sample. We used Sanger sequencing to test 60 formalin-fixed paraffin embedded ISP samples from 40 patients regarding mutations in exons 19 and 20 ofEGFR—together with exon 15 ofBRAF. Overall, 32 samples of 22 patients showed a mutation inEGFRexon 20, whereas 28 samples of 18 patients showed none. No mutation inEGFRexon 19 was found in any sample. Four samples of four patients showed aBRAFexon 15 mutation. Interestingly, samples of four patients exhibited genetic heterogeneity, enabling us to report this in ISP for the first time.
Lymphatic malformations in children: treatment outcomes of sclerotherapy in a large cohort
Authors: Bouwman Frédérique C. M. , Kooijman Silje S. , Verhoeven Bas H. , Schultze Kool Leo J. , van der Vleuten Carine J. M. , Botden Sanne M. B. I. , de Blaauw Ivo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis retrospective study examines the outcomes of sclerotherapy in children with (veno)lymphatic malformations who received sclerotherapy between 2011 and 2016 (116 children, 234 procedures). Complication severity was classified using the Society of Interventional Radiology classification. Clinical response was rated on a scale of 0 (no change) to 3 (good improvement). The sclerosants used were bleomycin (n = 132; 56%), lauromacrogol (n = 42; 18%), doxycycline (n = 15; 6%), ethanol (n = 12; 5%), or a combination (n = 33; 14%). Four major and 25 minor complications occurred without significant differences between the agents. The median response rate per procedure was 2—some improvement—for all sclerosants. However, in pure LMs (67%), bleomycin and a combination of agents resulted in the best clinical response. On patient level, all had some or good clinical response. Mixed macrocystic and microcystic lesions showed a significantly lower clinical response (median 2 versus 3; p = 0.023 and p = 0.036, respectively) and required significantly more procedures (median 2 versus 1; p = 0.043 and p = 0.044, respectively) compared with lesions with one component.Conclusion: Sclerotherapy for (V)LMs in children is safe and effective. Bleomycin is the most frequently used agent in this clinic and seemed most effective for pure LMs. Mixed macrocystic and microcystic lesions are most difficult to treat effectively.

What is Known:• A variety of agents can be used for sclerotherapy of lymphatic malformations in children.• Macrocystic lesions have favorable outcomes compared with microcystic and mixed lesions.

What is New:• Bleomycin and a combination of agents seem to be most effective to treat lymphatic malformations in children.• Mixed macrocystic and microcystic lesions are more difficult to treat effectively compared with lesions with either one of these components.