bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 are transmitted through the air between ferrets over more than one meter distance
Authors: Kutter Jasmin , de Meulder Dennis , Bestebroer Theo , Lexmond Pascal , Mulders Ard , Fouchier Ron , Herfst Sander 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 emerged in late 2019 and caused a pandemic, whereas the closely related SARS-CoV was contained rapidly in 2003. Here, a newly developed experimental set-up was used to study transmission of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 through the air between ferrets over more than a meter distance. Both viruses caused a robust productive respiratory tract infection resulting in transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to two of four indirect recipient ferrets and SARS-CoV to all four. A control pandemic A/H1N1 influenza virus also transmitted efficiently. Serological assays confirmed all virus transmission events. Although the experiments did not discriminate between transmission via small aerosols, large droplets and fomites, these results demonstrate that SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 can remain infectious while travelling through the air. Efficient virus transmission between ferrets is in agreement with frequent SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in mink farms. Although the evidence for airborne virus transmission between humans under natural conditions is absent or weak for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, ferrets may represent a sensitive model to study interventions aimed at preventing virus transmission.
RELATIONS BETWEEN HUMAN RIGHTS AND PUBLIC POLICY: A MULTI-CASE STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE INTER-AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS
Authors: Guerra Sidney Cesar Silva , Tonetto Fernanda 
Published: November 2020

The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, which appears as one of the OAS organs for the promotion and protection of human rights, with its firm action ends up having significant effects on normative production and the development of public policies in favor of human rights of the Brazilian state.
Such action derives from the attributions conferred upon them, in particular those related to the preparation of studies, reports and the proposition of recommendations to the States, as well as the adoption of measures that favor the system of protection of human rights at the domestic level and also as regards to the knowledge of individual petitions and interstate communications that contain denunciations of rights that have been debased.
Although the reports issued by the Commission are not binding as they don’t have the legal nature of a decision, it is often noted that when a report is issued against a particular state that there has been a violation of human rights, it ends up employing efforts to change the situation in the country through legislative changes and public policies.
The present study intends to analyze some consequences of the reports issued by the Inter-American Commission in face of the Brazilian State whose contrary manifestations count twenty incidences. However, for the purpose of this analysis, which will use the hypothetical-deductive method, where the impact of the recommendations on the internal legal order will be demonstrated, only three cases will be dealt with, since a time frame of the last ten years has been adopted.
EFEITOS DO FECHAMENTO EPISTEMOLÓGICO AO SABER HISTÓRICO NA FORMAÇÃO DOS JURISTAS NOS CURSOS DE DIREITO
Authors: Souza Lucas Melo Borges de , Santos André Filipe Pereira Reid dos 
Published: November 2020

A questão central do presente artigo é a dos efeitos e das decorrências do fechamento epistemológico ao saber histórico na formação dos juristas nos cursos de Direito, tanto no campo do ensino quanto no da pesquisa. Foi utilizada como técnica de pesquisa a revisão de literatura de trabalhos e livros seminais sobre o estado de coisas do ensino jurídico e da pesquisa jurídica nas últimas décadas, bem como a experiência pessoal dos autores enquanto professores universitários em cursos de Direito. Inicialmente são apontados elementos organizadores de uma tradição jurídica normativa e técnica que dá um tratamento superficial, ou que sequer considera os conhecimentos históricos, sociológicos, filosóficos e antropológicos para uma compreensão do fenômeno jurídico na contemporaneidade. Em seguida são examinados alguns efeitos no ensino e na pesquisa jurídica da conjugação de uma tradição jurídica normativa e acrítica com o desapreço ou a indiferença em relação aos estudos históricos e às ciências humanas de uma maneira geral – chamado no texto de senso comum histórico dos juristas, expressão parafraseada de Luís Alberto Warat. O manualismo e a esquematização, o reducionismo metodológico e teórico da pesquisa jurídica e o ethos jurídico técnico e burocrático são alguns desses efeitos. As considerações não estão reduzidas ao final do trabalho. Ao longo do texto são levantados alguns indícios das consequências de uma falta de compreensão crítica do jurista enquanto agente histórico e social inserido em um campo constituído e constitutivo da formação social brasileira.
Highly efficient and cheap treatment of dye by graphene-doped TiO2 microspheres
Authors: Liang Honglian , Wang Shujun , Lu Yanhong , Ren Ping , Li Guihua , Yang Fenghao , Chen Yu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Highly efficient dye wastewater treatment by photocatalytic catalysis commonly requires expensive catalysts, long degradation time and a complicated procedure. Here, we for the first time prepared cheap graphene-doped titanium dioxide microspheres with a simple procedure to degrade dye with high efficiency. When the catalyst concentration was 0.2 g·L−1, the photocatalysis degradation extent of methylene blue solution, methylene green solution and 1,9-dimethyl methylene blue solution reached 96.4, 85.9 and 98.7%, respectively. The results showed that the degradation reactions accorded with the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model, and the photocatalytic reactions belonged to a first-order reaction in the primary stage. Furthermore, different photocatalytic degradation mechanisms were proposed, which have not been found in other literature. This work opened a new route for simple preparation of cheap microspheres in photocatalytic dye wastewater treatment with high efficiency.
Simultaneous removal of lead, copper, cadmium, nickel, and cobalt heavy metal ions from the quinary system by Abies bornmulleriana cones
Authors: Oguz Ensar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Abies bornmulleriana cone was used to investigate its biosorption efficiency and capacity of Pb2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Co2+, and Ni2+ heavy metal ions in a quinary system. The mechanism of multi-metal removal was illustrated in terms of FTIR results. Electrophoretic mobilities of the biosorbents were determined to access the information about the competitive biosorption. BET surface area and pore volume of the biosorbents before and after the biosorption were defined to be (5.05 m2 g−1 and 0.0018 cm3 g−1) and (0.97 m2 g−1 and 0.00032 cm3 g−1), respectively. The average pore width of the biosorbent before and after the biosorption was calculated as 9.34 and 13.04 Å, respectively. The pseudo-first-order model and the pseudo-second-order model were applied to analyze the experimental data. Experimental data have been evaluated according to the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms. The maximum biosorption efficiency and capacity for Pb2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, and Co2+ ions were defined as (85.4, 56.4, 35.4, 21.7 and 18.9%) and (8.5, 5.6, 3.5, 2.2 and 1.9 mg g−1), respectively. The selectivity of heavy metal ions resulted in the magnitude order of Pb2+ &gt; Cu2+ &gt; Cd2+ &gt; Ni2+ &gt; Co2+.
Kolaviron: A Biflavonoid with Numerous Health Benefits
Authors: Erukainure Ochuko L. , Salau Veronica F. , Chukwuma Chika I. , Islam Md. Shahidul 
Published: November 2020

Background:
The increasing interests on the healing properties of medicinal plants have led to a paradigm
shift from the use of synthetic drug to the search of natural medicines for the treatment and management of
several diseases. Like other phenolics flavonoids have been continuously explored for their medicinal benefits,
with their potent antioxidant activity being a major interest. Kolaviron (KVN) is a biflavonoid isolated from Garcinia
kola Heckel, which has been reported for its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These
properties have been explored in several disease models including reproductive toxicity, cardiotoxicity, diabetes
mellitus, gastrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity.

Objectives:
The present study was aimed to review the reported medicinal properties of KVN in order to provide
some guidelines and direction to researchers on KVN research.

Methods:
A literature search was conducted with the aim of identifying peer-reviewed published data on KVN
and their biological activities. Different academic and/or scientific search engines were utilized including but not
limited to Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect and so on.

Results:
Among all the studied disease models obtained from the literatures, the effect of KVN on reproductive
toxicity was the most studied as it represented 25% of all the studies, followed by neuroprotective, cardioprotective
and hepatoprotective activities of Kolaviron. From our identified studies, KVN has been shown to have antidiabetic,
cardioprotective, neuroprotective, hematoprotective, nephroprotective, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective
activities. KVN also has effects on malaria and reproductive health, which can be explored for novel drug
and nutraceutical developments for related ailments. Unfortunately, while toxicity data are lacking, most studies
are limited to in vitro and/or in vivo models, which may impede translation in this area of research.

Conclusion:
Based on data gathered from the literature search, it is evident that KVN possesses numerous health
benefits, which can be attributed to its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, more studies
are required in this area of research to validate the medicinal value of kolaviron, which may positively influence
the economic value of plant, Garcinia kola.
Metabolism and Distribution of Novel Tumor Targeting Drugs In Vivo
Authors: Wang Mengli , Du Qiuzheng , Zuo Lihua , Xue Peng , Lan Chao , Sun Zhi 
Published: November 2020

Background:As a new tumor therapy, targeted therapy is becoming a hot topic due to its high efficiency and low toxicity. Drug effects of targeted tumor drugs are closely related to pharmacokinetics, so it is important to understand their distribution and metabolism in vivo.Methods:A systematic review of the literature on the metabolism and distribution of targeted drugs over the past 20 years was conducted, and the pharmacokinetic parameters of approved targeted drugs were summarized in combination with the FDA's drug instructions. Targeting drugs are divided into two categories: small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies. Novel targeting drugs and their mechanisms of action, which have been developed in recent years, are summarized. The distribution and metabolic processes of each drug in the human body are reviewed.Results:In this review, we found that the distribution and metabolism of small molecule kinase inhibitors (TKI) and monoclonal antibodies (mAb) showed different characteristics based on the differences of action mechanism and molecular characteristics. TKI absorbed rapidly (Tmax ≈ 1-4 h) and distributed in large amounts (Vd > 100 L). It was mainly oxidized and reduced by cytochrome P450 CYP3A4. However, due to the large molecular diameter, mAb was distributed to tissues slowly, and the volume of distribution was usually very low (Vd < 10 L). It was mainly hydrolyzed and metabolized into peptides and amino acids by protease hydrolysis. In addition, some of the latest drugs are still in clinical trials, and the in vivo process still needs further study.Conclusion:According to the summary of the research progress of the existing targeting drugs, it is found that they have high specificity, but there are still deficiencies in drug resistance and safety. Therefore, the development of safer and more effective targeted drugs is the future research direction. Meanwhile, this study also provides a theoretical basis for clinical accurate drug delivery.
A comparative in vivo Evaluation of Anti-Alzheimer Activity of Bacopa Extract and its Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Garg Rajeev , Khurana Navneet 
Published: November 2020

Background:Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi; family Scrophulariaceae) is a well-known plant known for its nootropic activity. Delivery of Bacosides (an active constituent) is limited at the site of action owing to the existence of the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB). In order to take the Bacoside- Rich Extract (BRE) across BBB, formulated solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were used.Objective:The objective of this work was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behavior (in vivo potential) of the prepared SLNs containing BRE in comparison to BRE alone for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.Methods:Swiss albino male mice (25-30 gm) were used for the study. The pharmacokinetic, as well as pharmacodynamic evaluation of formulated SLNs, were performed in comparison to BRE in a scopolamine-induced amnesia model.Results:BRE-loaded SLNs were found to be significantly more effective than BRE in alleviating neurodegeneration. The pharmacokinetic study revealed the improved bioavailability of prepared SLNs with the potential of sustaining the drug release in mice for an extended period of time.Conclusion:The results demonstrated that the SLNs can be considered as a potential delivery system for taking BRE across the BBB to treat Alzheimer’s disease.
Postoperative COVID-19 Pneumonia in an Asymptomatic Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Asadollahi-Amin Ali , Shahmohamadi Elnaz , Hasibi Mehrdad , Moosivand Maryam , Taghizadeh Maryam , Seyed Alinaghi Seyed Ahmad 
Published: November 2020

Background:
The recent outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in China has
rapidly spread throughout the world and there are many reports of symptoms ranging from malaise
to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by this infection. However, few reports have
been discussed surgical outcomes in COVID-19 patients.

Case Presentation:
In this report, we described a case of an elderly female developed with postoperative
pulmonary complications after uneventful elective minor surgery. The patient was asymptomatic
before the operation with no history of cough or fever. After surgery, the patient developed
respiratory distress and chest radiological imaging revealed bilateral ground-glass opacities. It
seems any type of surgeries requiring local anesthesia or general anesthesia may contribute to worsening
outcomes in patients with covid19.
Plant Feedstocks and their Biogas Production Potentials
Authors: Kulichkova Ganna I. , Ivanova Tetiana S. , Köttner Mihael , Volodko Oleksiy I. , Spivak Svitlana I. , Tsygankov Sergiy P. , Blume Yaroslav B. 
Published: November 2020

Introduction:
Nowadays, organic waste utilization and replacement of fossil energy sources with their renewable alternatives pose a challenging problem both for industrially developed and developing countries. Anaerobic digestion of organic biomass into biogas is considered an efficient technology for bioenergy production. Over the period from 2009 to 2018, the global biogas production capacities have more than doubled and are continuing to grow. The composition and the amount of biogas depend strongly on the type of the substrate. Various types of feedstock can be used for the production of biogas such as animal wastes, agricultural residues, and dedicated energy crops.

Objective:
To review biogas production potentials of energy crops and plant processing raw materials.

Results:
In the background of historical development and present state, the paper reviews the potential of different plant raw materials to be utilized for biogas production purposes. The potential of energy crops, agricultural residues, and wastes for biogas production is analyzed. International projects concerning energy crops grown on marginal lands are presented and commented on in the article. The approach of implementing crop rotation systems for industrial energy crop cultivation is described and recommended as beneficial for various purposes. The anaerobic degradability of biomass constituents, optimal process parameters, and biomass treatment for biogas production are discussed. C/N ration and lignocelluloses content in the substrate are considered among the most decisive parameters for AD and methane production. Various concepts of biogas bioreactor technologies have been studied depending on the substrate type.

Conclusion:
Plant feedstock may play a decisive role in biogas production as a renewable energy source. To avoid GHG release into the atmosphere, biogas facilities should be built within the closest vicinities to the places of existing garbage dumps, and waste management practice involving organic fraction separation in households and in the industry should be applied. Construction of biogas facilities is beneficial for environmental, economic, and social reasons.
The Effects of the “XGTQ” Medicine in Treating Cirrhosis in Wistar Rats
Authors: Hoang Ngan Nguyen , Minh Thang Duong , Hoang Tuan Anh , Bich Son Le Ngoc , Huu Duong Nguyen , Nguyen Xuan Thanh , Do Binh Nhu , Ha Tuan Nguyen Thanh 
Published: November 2020

Objectives:
To evaluate the effects of “XGTQ” in the treatment of cirrhosis induced by
Carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) in combination with alcohol and a high-fat diet on Wistar rats.

Materials and methods:
Cirrhosis on white rats was induced by subcutaneously injecting CC14 at
an initial dose of 5,0ml/kg, followed by 1,2ml/kg once a week in 10 weeks. Then, fed with synthetic
food, added 20% fat, and 0.05% cholesterol and iron oxalate. Rats were administered every day
with plain water and 1 day with water mixed with 30% ethanol. The rats were randomly divided into
5 groups and given distilled water (group 1 and 2 or control group), silymarin (group 3 or reference
group) or the “XGTQ” drug extract (group 4, 5) for 4 weeks. Collected blood for biochemical
test and liver were dissected to evaluate weight, morphology, and quantified 4-hydroxyproline to
evaluate fibrosis and collagen accumulation.

Results:
n cirrhotic Wistar rats, “XGTQ” drug at 19.6 g/kg/24h and 58.8 g/kg/24h showed the ability
toreduce the activity of enzymes AST, ALT in the blood (p<0.01), increasing plasma albumin
and decreasing prothrombin time (p<0.05); improving physical condition, macroscopic and microscopic
images of H&E-stained liver; decreasing the concentration of hydroxyproline in the liver and
reducing the level of cirrhosis on the Masson-stained templates. The effects of “XGTQ” increased
with the dose and was equivalent to silymarin at the dose of 70 mg/kg/24h.

Conclusion:
The extract of “XGTQ” drug is effective in treating cirrhosis in Wistar rats.
Structure Based Drug Design Approach to Identify Potential SARS-CoV-2 Polymerase Inhibitors
Authors: Negi Preeya , Prakash Surya , Patil Vaishali M. 
Published: November 2020

Aims:
The research work aims to apply the current virtual screening approaches for rapid
screening of available compounds as inhibitors of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19).

Background:
The worldwide pandemic, uncontrolled spread, and lack of effective therapeutics demand
novel SARS-CoV-2 inhibitory anti-viral agents.

Objective:
The major objectives of the present work are – i) effective utilization of open-source computer-
aided drug design (CADD) tools; ii) to prepare a database according to chemical structure similarity
to the reported anti-viral drug, Favipiravir; and iii) to investigate potential inhibitors of the novel
coronavirus.

Methods:
The dataset was prepared based on the chemical structure similarity feature of ChemSpider.
The virtual screening was carried out using molecular docking and ADMET properties. For performing
molecular docking studies, the standard docking protocol of iGEMDOCK was used.

Result:
Based on chemical structure similarity search to Favipiravir, a small library of 40 compounds
was designed. The docking score and ADMET properties were analyzed to prioritize the compounds.

Conclusion:
The virtual screening resulted in the identification of potential anti-viral compounds.
Among the designed library of compounds based on structural similarity to Favipiravir, 70% of compounds
were found to possess docking scores more than that of Favipiravir. The amino acid residues
involved in binding at the RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) were identified. The compounds
have shown acceptable ADME properties and are potentially non-toxic.

Other:
The study has successfully applied the open source CADD tools to investigate novel SARS-CoV-2 polymerase inhibitors.
Aalisis penyebab dan faktor resiko terjadinya pincang pada sapi perah di kecamatan Pakem, kabupaten Sleman, Yogyakarta
Authors: Budhi Setyo 
Published: November 2020

Causal analyses and risk factors that influenced lame on dairy cattle at kecamatan Pakem, kabupaten Sleman, Yogyakart, were performed on 491 dairy cattle from 139 breeders.
Analisis ketersediaan kolesterol total, trigliserid, glukosa dan aktivitas enzim Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) dan Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) pada ayam Broiler kolesterol tinggi pasca pemberian bawang putih (Allium sativum Iinn)
Authors: Wijayanti Agustina Dwi , Sari Rani Puspita , Riyanto Riyanto 
Published: November 2020

This study was to find out the effect of ethanolic garlic extrct of total blood cholesterol, trigliserid, glucone and the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) dan Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) of broiler fed with high cholesterol diet.
Personolized treatment of patients with HIV-infection
Authors: Belyakov N. A. , Rassokhin V. V. , Stepanova E. V. , Sizova N. V. , Samarina A. V. , Yastrebova E. B. , Boeva E. V. , Khalezova N. B. , Gutova L. V. , Ogurtsova S. V. , Kovelenov A. Yu. , Panteleev A. M. , Leonova O. N. , Azovtseva O. V. , Melnikova T. N. , Kurganova T. Yu. , Buzunova S. A. , DiKlimenta R. 
Published: November 2020

The paper studies key epidemiological, medical, social and economic, and demographic prerequisites determining the necessity of personalized diagnosis and treatment of patients with HIV-infection and comorbid states. Some regularities and sequence of creation of personalized medical care for patients of the Russian Federation were investigated, common characteristics and aspects of each component of personalized check-up and treatment of patients with HIV-infection were presented, separate groups and cohorts of people for whom such approach is essential and acceptable were selected.