bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competently skilled human capital through education for the hospitality and tourism industry
Authors: Kasa Mark , Kho Joey , Yong Danial , Hussain Kashif , Lau Patrick 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
This study aims to explore the viability of the curricula offered by a university specialising in hospitality and tourism education in Kuching, Sarawak. The study also aims to explore the relevance and application of the hospitality and tourism education curricula to the needs of the Sarawak hospitality and tourism industry.

Design/methodology/approach
Grounded in human capital theory, the article highlights the importance of education in facilitating competently skilled human capital. Using a qualitative research approach, the outcomes indicate that the curricula offered by the hospitality and tourism education sector does meet the basic industry needs in Sarawak.

Findings
The outcomes suggest that the education sector should adopt a work-based learning model as this is shown to be an effective approach to enhancing practical relevance and competency.

Originality/value
There is insufficient empirical evidence on the exact set of skills and knowledge needed by an individual to be competently skilled in response to the needs of the hospitality and tourism industry in Sarawak.
Factors affecting target motion in stereotactic body radiotherapy of liver cancer using CyberKnife
Authors: Lo Kevin MY , Wu Vincent WC , Li Yu , Jun Xu Hui 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionIn stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) of solitary liver cancer, organ motion due to respiration is an important factor in the definition of planning target volume (PTV). This study evaluated the potential associations of target motion with gross tumour volume (GTV) size, tumour location, Child–Pugh score and intra‐fraction treatment time in SBRT of liver cancer treated by CyberKnife.MethodsTranslational motion data of 145 liver cancer patients, who were previously treated by CyberKnife with free breathing under tumour tracking, were recorded in the log files of the motion tracking system and analysed. The factors including target location based on liver segments, Child–Pugh score which was an indication of liver cirrhosis, GTV size and intra‐fraction treatment time were recorded and their associations with the magnitude of target movement were evaluated.ResultsTarget location demonstrated significant association with the translational target motion in the supero‐inferior (SI) and left–right (LR) directions but less in antero‐posterior (AP) direction. Tumours located at the peripheral segments were more affected than the central segments. Child–Pugh score and GTV size were not significantly associated with target motion in any direction. Longer intra‐fraction treatment time generally increased target motion in the SI and LR directions.ConclusionIn SBRT of liver cancer, the target motions in SI and LR directions were correlated with the location of target and treatment time, but not with Child–Pugh score and GTV size. These results should assist in deciding the GTV‐PTV margin in SBRT treatment planning for solitary liver cancer.
The role of the company secretary in facilitating board effectiveness: reporting and compliance
Authors: Nowland John , Chapple Larelle , Johnston Joseph 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study investigates how company secretaries (CS) influence board practices and financial reporting. All public companies have a secretary and this position may be combined with Chief Financial Officer (CFO) or legal counsel. Examining the period 2004–2015, we find that joint CS/CFOs hold more audit committee meetings, are associated with less earnings management and a greater likelihood of a clean audit opinion. Companies with joint CS/legal counsels are more timely filers and company secretaries of multiple companies schedule fewer committee meetings. These results indicate that company secretaries significantly influence board practices and financial reporting, depending on their role and busyness.
Microglia depletion and alcohol: Transcriptome and behavioral profiles
Authors: Warden Anna S. , Triplett Todd A. , Lyu Aram , Grantham Emily K. , Azzam Moatasem M. , DaCosta Adriana , Mason Sonia , Blednov Yuri A. , Ehrlich Lauren I.R. , Mayfield R. Dayne , Harris R. Adron 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlcohol abuse induces changes in microglia morphology and immune function, but whether microglia initiate or simply amplify the harmful effects of alcohol exposure is still a matter of debate. Here, we determine microglia function in acute and voluntary drinking behaviors using a colony‐stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor (PLX5622). We show that microglia depletion does not alter the sedative or hypnotic effects of acute intoxication. Microglia depletion also does not change the escalation or maintenance of chronic voluntary alcohol consumption. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that although many immune genes have been implicated in alcohol abuse, downregulation of microglia genes does not necessitate changes in alcohol intake. Instead, microglia depletion and chronic alcohol result in compensatory upregulation of alcohol‐responsive, reactive astrocyte genes, indicating astrocytes may play a role in regulation of these alcohol behaviors. Taken together, our behavioral and transcriptional data indicate that microglia are not the primary effector cell responsible for regulation of acute and voluntary alcohol behaviors. Because microglia depletion did not regulate acute or voluntary alcohol behaviors, we hypothesized that these doses were insufficient to activate microglia and recruit them to an effector phenotype. Therefore, we used a model of repeated immune activation using polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) to activate microglia. Microglia depletion blocked poly(I:C)‐induced escalations in alcohol intake, indicating microglia regulate drinking behaviors with sufficient immune activation. By testing the functional role of microglia in alcohol behaviors, we provide insight into when microglia are causal and when they are consequential for the transition from alcohol use to dependence.
Recent land‐use changes affect stream ecosystem processes in a subtropical island in Brazil
Authors: Lemes da Silva Aurea Luiza , Lemes William Padilha , Andriotti Jéssica , Petrucio Mauricio Mello , Feio Maria João 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLand‐use changes such as conversion of natural forest to rural and urban areas have been considered as main drivers of ecosystem functions decline, and a large variety of indicators has been used to investigate these effects. Here, we used a replicated litter‐bag experiment to investigate the effects of land‐use changes on the leaf‐litter breakdown process and leaf‐associated invertebrates along the forest–pasture–urban gradient located in a subtropical island (Florianópolis, SC, Brazil). We identified the invertebrates and measured the litter breakdown rates using the litter bags approach. Litter bags containing 3 g of dry leaf of Alchornea triplinervia were deployed on forest rural and urban streams. Principal component analysis, based on physico‐chemical variables which, confirmed a gradient of degradation from forest to urban streams with intermediate values in rural areas. In accordance, shredder richness and abundance were lower in rural and urban than in forest streams. The land‐use changes led also to the dominance of tolerant generalist taxa (Chironomidae and Oligochaeta) reducing the taxonomic and functional diversity in these sites. Leaf‐litter breakdown rates decreased from forest to rural and finally to urban areas and were associated with changes in pH, water velocity, dissolved oxygen and abundance of leaf‐shredding invertebrates, although global decomposition rates did not differ between rural and urban streams. Overall, this study showed that land‐use changes, namely to rural and urban areas, have a strong impact on tropical streams ecosystems, in both processes and communities composition and structure. Despite of being apparently a smaller transformation of landscape, rural land use is comparable to urbanisation in terms of impact in stream functioning. It is thus critical to carefully plan urban development and maintain forest areas in the island of Florianópolis in order to preserve its natural biodiversity and aquatic ecosystems functioning.
Cross‐anatomical, radiographic and computed tomographic study of the stifle joint of donkeys (Equus africanus asinus)
Authors: Abumandour Mohamed M. A. , Bassuoni Naglaa F. , El‐Gendy Samir , Karkoura Ashraf , El‐Bakary Raafat 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe present investigation was conducted to provide a full anatomical description of the stifle joint of donkeys using 3D computed tomography imaging technique, in addition to the classic anatomical methods, such as radiography and cross‐anatomical sectioning. The radiography and CT imaging of stifle joint were interpreted in comparison with cross‐sectional anatomical sections. Volume‐rendering reconstruction techniques (3D‐CT) were used to describe the anatomical structure of stifle joint. The used twelve adult healthy donkeys were free from any musculoskeletal disorders. Four donkeys were used for the gross anatomical observations, four for CT and radiography and two live animals for determination the site of injections. The results of this study revealed that the complex stifle joint was formed from three joints: femorotibial, femoropatellar and proximal tibiofibular. The articular surfaces were described for each joint, and the synovial layer of the articular capsule formed three main joint sacs: femoropatellar, medial femorotibial and lateral femorotibial sacs. The ligaments of stifle joint were recorded, and meniscal ligaments included cranial and caudal ligaments of medial and lateral menisci and meniscofemoral ligament of lateral meniscus. The cruciate ligaments were also described and they included the cranial and caudal cruciate ligaments, while the patellar ligament included the medial, middle and lateral patellar ligaments. The arterial supply and the site of injection of the stifle joint were described. In conclusion, the 3D reconstruction CT provided well‐defined baseline reference image for the stifle joint of donkeys for anatomist, radiologist, surgeons and researchers.
Initial Information on a Novel Nicotine Product
Authors: Plurphanswat Nantaporn , Hughes John R. , Fagerström Karl , Rodu Brad 
Published: March 2020

Background and ObjectivesThis is the first study to assess the appeal and interest among adults in a new consumer tobacco product, ZYN. We also describe ZYN users, patterns of use, and reasons for use.MethodsTwo data sets, consisting of a ZYN‐naive consumer panel (n = 5179) and ZYN users (n = 1266), were provided by Swedish Match North America. Descriptive, cross‐sectional analyses and logistic regression assessed the perceptions of and likelihood of buying ZYN in the consumer panel and the characteristics of ZYN users.ResultsThe majority of current smokeless tobacco (ST) users in the consumer panel found that ZYN was moderately‐extremely appealing, while never and former tobacco users indicated much less interest; the former were more likely to buy ZYN than other groups. The highest percentage of ZYN users were former tobacco users (43%); very few were never users (4%). The most popular reason for using ZYN was “Less harmful to my health than other tobacco products,” followed by “ease of use.”Discussion and ConclusionsNonusers of tobacco had very little interest in ZYN. ST users are not only more interested and likely to buy ZYN than other tobacco users, they were the largest group of regular users.Scientific SignificanceThe first assessment of a new nicotine product, ZYN, suggests that current and former tobacco users may perceive ZYN as a reduced‐risk product. ZYN potentially could be used as a smoking/tobacco‐cessation aid based on reasons of current users. (Am J Addict 2020;00:00–00)
Prevalence, incidence and management of atopic dermatitis in Australian general practice using routinely collected data from MedicineInsight
Authors: Chidwick Kendal , Busingye Doreen , Pollack Allan , Osman Rawa , Yoo Jeannie , Blogg Suzanne , Rubel Diana , Smith Saxon 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesThe prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) has increased significantly in industrialised countries in recent decades but data about the incidence or prevalence of AD in Australia are sparse. We aimed to determine the prevalence and incidence of AD among patients seen in Australian general practice and the use of specified medicines.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study of 2.1 million patients attending 494 general practices in the MedicineInsight program from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2018. We assessed the prevalence (lifetime and current), incidence, management and severity of AD.ResultsThe lifetime (ever diagnosed) prevalence of AD in this general practice population was 16.4% and was greater in females (17.3%) than males (15.3%). One in five patients with AD were classified as having moderate‐to‐severe disease. Prevalence over the last two years was 6.3%. The incidence of AD in 2018 was 2.0% and was greater in females (2.2%) and for patients aged 0–4 years (3.9%). Patients with AD had an increased risk of insomnia, anxiety and depression, compared to those with no recorded AD. For AD patients, topical corticosteroids were the most commonly prescribed AD medication (36.5%) and topical calcineurin inhibitors the least (0.1%), with systemic corticosteroids (15.6%) more commonly prescribed than other immunosuppressants (0.9%).ConclusionsOur findings provide important insights into the epidemiology of AD and its management in Australian general practice. This information is likely to be useful in planning effective interventions to support GPs in the optimal management of patients with AD.
Retrospective evaluation of prognostic factors in metastatic spine disease: serum albumin and primary tumour type are key
Authors: Cook William H. , Baker Joseph F. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundTreatment decisions for metastatic spine disease are complex and depend on prognosis. Four prognostic systems in use are the Oswestry Risk Index, modified Bauer score (MBS), van der Linden score and New England Spinal Metastasis Score (NESMS). We aimed to determine the performance of these scoring systems in a New Zealand cohort of patients and develop a prognostic score specific to this demographic.MethodsA retrospective review of a patient cohort from 2009 to 2016 was undertaken. Scores and individual scoring items were evaluated with univariate and multivariate analyses. Significant items were used to design a simple, population‐specific objective scoring system, which was then tested.ResultsA total of 106 patients receiving either surgery and radiotherapy (65) or radiotherapy alone (41) were included. Mean post‐treatment survival time was 13.7 months. All scoring systems were significantly correlated with survival and had similar concordances. The MBS had the largest coefficient of determination (Cox and Snell's R2 = 0.18), followed by the NESMS (R2 = 0.14). On multivariate analysis, the lung cancer (MBS) and serum albumin (NESMS) items were significant. A modified Oswestry Risk Index primary tumour item and NESMS serum albumin outperformed the MBS (R2 = 0.20), providing the basis for a prognostic scoring tool specific to our demographic.ConclusionBased on serum albumin and primary tumour type, we propose the ‘Metastatic Spine Risk Index’ as a simple and objective tool, specific to our population for predicting survival, which can be used in conjunction with other clinical information when considering treatment options.
Intra‐active entanglements: What posthuman and new materialist frameworks can offer the learning sciences
Authors: Sheridan Mary P. , Lemieux Amélie , Do Nascimento Ashley , Arnseth Hans Christian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper examines what new materialist and posthumanist frameworks can offer learning science research in diverse maker learning environments. We explore what is gained by grappling with the entanglements between humans, non‐humans and more‐than‐humans. To do this, we draw on Karen Barad's ethico‐onto‐epistemology and agential realism where she redefines connections to the shared world by attuning to the entangled matter that is created within intra‐actions. We use this framework across four international cases: digital media camps, a university‐level classroom‐based makerspace, a Saturday outdoor makerspace workshop and a classroom‐based museum makerspace. Each case study attends to how intra‐actions enact agential forces in maker education research—forces that posthuman and new materialist frameworks help us see. In so doing, these case studies challenge many of the assumptions prevalent in the learning sciences about mattering and its implications in research sites.
The cytoreductive prostatectomy in metastatic prostate cancer: what the individual trials are hoping to answer
Authors: Ranasinghe Weranja , Chapin Brian F. , Kim Isaac Yi , Sooriakumaran Prasanna , Lawrentschuk Nathan 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveTo review the ongoing randomised trials of cytoreductive prostatectomy (CRP) in de novo hormone‐sensitive metastatic prostate cancer (HSPC) in order to identify their goals and assess their strengths and weaknesses.MethodsPubMed, MEDLINE and clinical trials websites searches were performed to identify currently ongoing trials of CRP in de novo HSPC.ResultsNine randomised clinical trials in CRP were identified and included: Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) 1802, Surgery in Metastatic Carcinoma of Prostate (SIMCAP), Adjuvant Treatments to the Local Tumour for Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Assessment of Novel Treatment Algorithms (IP2‐ATLANTA), Testing Radical prostatectomy in men with prostate cancer and oligoMetastases to the bone (TRoMbone), Impact of Radical Prostatectomy as Primary Treatment in Patients with Prostate Cancer with Limited Bone Metastases (g‐RAMPP), Cytoreductive Prostatectomy vs Cytoreductive Prostate Irradiation as a Local Treatment Option for Metastatic Prostate Cancer: a Multicentric Feasibility Trial (LoMP II), Androgen‐Deprivation Therapy or Androgen‐Deprivation Therapy Plus Definitive Treatment (Radiation or Surgery) (FUSCC‐OMPCa), and the Testing Radical Prostatectomy in Chinese Men with Prostate Cancer and oligoMetastases to the Bone study. Each study was different; assessing various primary outcome measures including overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival and feasibility to randomise between standard therapy and CRP or between radiation therapy and CRP in the metastatic setting. In the oligometastatic setting, the trials assess OS, feasibility to randomise and time to castration resistance. Similarly, a number of secondary endpoints ranging from cancer‐specific outcomes to quality‐of‐life outcomes are being investigated. The inclusion criteria in these trials also varied in terms of volume of metastatic disease (oligometastatic to high‐volume metastatic disease), diagnosis of metastases (imaging based vs biopsy confirmed), imaging modalities used (conventional to newer modalities), as well as outcomes and follow‐up regimes.ConclusionWhile there are differences in each protocol, each trial aims to address different aspects of CRP in de novo HSPC. Therefore, the specific goals of each study and the limitations have to be taken into consideration when interpreting the results of these trials.
What are the experiences of education for unaccompanied asylum‐seeking minors in the UK?
Authors: Fuller Matthew , Hayes Ben 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe number of refugees worldwide has increased in recent years, and with this, there has been an increase in the numbers of unaccompanied asylum‐seeking minors (UASMs) in the UK. Refugees have been found to experience notable difficulties upon resettlement, and there is evidence to suggest that education can provide a supportive role for young refugees. Although there has been research that has found that UASMs value education, there has been less research that has directly looked at the experiences of education for UASMs.MethodsIn the present study, six UASMs were interviewed and interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used as a methodology to analyse the data.ResultsFive themes were identified: education facilitating socializing; education and English proficiency leading to a better life in the UK; the impact of transitions; the impact of external stressors; and a desire for additional resources to learn at one's own pace.ConclusionsParticipants within the present research expressed a strong desire for additional resources that would allow them to learn at their own pace. They also emphasized how transitions between different settings and external stressors had an impact on their experiences of education. The links between coping strategies and the participant's asylum status are also discussed with reference to relevant research in the field.
A Discriminative Multi‐Channel Facial Shape (MCFS) Representation and Feature Extraction for 3D Human Faces
Authors: Gong Xun , Li Xin , Li Tianrui , Liang Yongqing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBuilding an effective representation for 3D face geometry is essential for face analysis tasks, that is, landmark detection, face recognition and reconstruction. This paper proposes to use a Multi‐Channel Facial Shape (MCFS) representation that consists of depth, hand‐engineered feature and attention maps to construct a 3D facial descriptor. And, a multi‐channel adjustment mechanism, named filtered squeeze and reversed excitation (FSRE), is proposed to re‐organize MCFS data. To assign a suitable weight for each channel, FSRE is able to learn the importance of each layer automatically in the training phase. MCFS and FSRE blocks collaborate together effectively to build a robust 3D facial shape representation, which has an excellent discriminative ability. Extensive experimental results, testing on both high‐resolution and low‐resolution face datasets, show that facial features extracted by our framework outperform existing methods. This representation is stable against occlusions, data corruptions, expressions and pose variations. Also, unlike traditional methods of 3D face feature extraction, which always take minutes to create 3D features, our system can run in real time.