bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unbound bilirubin levels in phototherapy‐treated preterm infants receiving soy‐based lipid emulsion
Authors: Hegyi Thomas , Kleinfeld Alan , Huber Andrew , Weinberger Barry , Memon Naureen , Carayannopoulos Mary , Oh William 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPhototherapy is an effective treatment for neonatal jaundice. Treatment indication uses total serum bilirubin (TSB), although unbound bilirubin (Bf) more accurately predicts disability risk. The goals of this investigation were to examine the response of Bf and TSB to phototherapy in preterm infants, and we hypothesized that (i) TSB and Bf respond differently; (ii) the relationship between TSB and Bf is altered; and (iii) unexpected Bf elevations are found.MethodsOne hundred and seventeen preterm infants <2 kg at birth and receiving (IL) were enrolled; and measurements of TSB and Bf were obtained. TSB was measured by the diazo method and Bf with a fluorescent Bf sensor BL22P1B11‐Rh.ResultsInitial mean (± SD) TSB and Bf levels (41.4 ± 6.9 h) were 8.0 ± 9.0 mg/dL and 16.9 ± 12.4 nmol/L (P < 0.05). The rates of rise (ROR) were 0.21 ± 0.10 mg/dL/h for TSB and 0.38 ± 0.33 nmol/L/h for Bf. Phototherapy reduced TSB from 8.0 ± 9.0 to 5.8 ± 9.4 mg/dL (P = 0.068) but Bf did not change (16.9 ± 12.4 to 14.1 ± 9.4 nmol/L P = n.s.). Bf levels were >11 nmol/L in 64, >17 nmol/L in 18, and >22 nmol/L in 7 infants.ConclusionsBf and TSB responded differently. While TSB and Bf correlated well before phototherapy, they did not correlate during phototherapy. TSB showed a trend toward a reduction with treatment, Bf did not. While TSB ROR information is not helpful, ROR Bf data can be utilized to anticipate treatment. Potentially high Bf levels existed before and after phototherapy and the mean Bf level at phototherapy termination remained elevated in a significant proportion of infants.
A comprehensive strategy in donor acceptance: Impact on pediatric waitlist and heart transplant outcomes
Authors: Baez Hernandez Nathanya , Kirk Richard , Davies Ryan , Bano Maria , Sutcliffe David , Pirolli Timothy , Jaquiss Robert , Daneman Susan , Butts Ryan J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSignificant inter‐ and intra‐center practice variability is present in pediatric donor heart acceptability. This may contribute to variation in the donor refusal rate and may impact waitlist time, morbidity, mortality, and transplant rates. In order to reduce practice variability, our center developed and implemented a comprehensive strategy regarding donor acceptance in September 2017. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of this strategy on waitlist time and outcomes as well as early post‐transplant outcomes. We performed a single‐center, retrospective analysis of all pediatric (<18 years) patients listed for single‐organ heart transplant at our center from September 2015 to September 2018. Patients were divided into those listed before (Group 1) and after implementation of the comprehensive strategy (Group 2). The primary end‐point was waitlist time. Secondary end‐points included waitlist removal due to death or clinical deterioration, donor refusals per listed patient, early post‐transplant outcomes (graft failure, mechanical ventilation time, inotropic support, length of hospital stay) and 1‐year post‐transplant survival. Of 78 listed patients, 54 were transplanted (29 in Group 1), 9 were removed due to death or clinical deterioration (7 in Group 1) and 15 were removed due to clinical improvement (12 in Group 1). The waitlist time was significantly shorter in Group 2 (17 days, IQR 7‐53) vs Group 1 (90 days, IQR 14‐162); P = .006. The number of donor refusals was lower in Group 2 (1, IQR 0‐2.2) vs Group 1 (4, IQR 2‐19); P < .001. The percentage of refused donors with normal function (Left ventricular ejection fraction > 50%) was lower in Group 2 vs Group 1 (53% vs 84%; P < .001). Difference in removal from the waitlist for death or deterioration in Group 2 vs Group 1 (n = 2, 7% vs n = 7, 20%, P = .18) did not reach statistical significance. There was no difference in post‐transplant outcomes between groups. The waitlist time and donor refusals significantly decreased after implementation of a comprehensive donor acceptance strategy without impacting transplant outcomes. This analysis supports the need for a comprehensive approach to donor organ acceptance within a pediatric transplant center.
Kidney transplantation outcomes for adult recipients of pediatric donor kidneys
Authors: Arshad Adam , Hodson James , Chappelow Imogen , Nath Jay , Sharif Adnan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDespite a paucity of data assessing transplantation of deceased‐donor pediatric donor kidneys into adult recipients, utilization of pediatric organs is declining in the UK, likely due to concerns that such organs may have inferior outcomes. However, we hypothesized that these concerns may be unfounded. As such, the aim of the study was to compare kidney transplant outcomes between adult recipients of pediatric and adult deceased‐donor organs. Data were collected from the UK Transplant Registry for all adult (18+ years) deceased‐donor single‐kidney transplant recipients between January 2000 and January 2016. Univariable and multivariable analyses were undertaken, to compare a range of outcomes between recipients of kidneys from pediatric and adult donors. Transplants were stratified by the donor age (years) as follows: 0‐16 (n = 666), 17‐18 (n = 465), and 19‐44 (n = 7378). Recipients of pediatric donor kidneys were observed to have improved long‐term graft function, with a median creatinine at 1 year of 109 vs. 117 μmol/L for recipients of donors aged 0‐16 vs. 19‐44 years (P < .001). However, on multivariable analysis, this was not found to correspond to a significant difference in patient (P = .914) or graft survival (P = .190) between the donor age groups. Subgroup analysis within the younger donors found no significant differences in recipient outcomes between donors aged 0‐6, 7‐12, and 13‐16 years. In this population cohort study, we identified excellent outcomes among adult recipients of pediatric donor kidneys. Pediatric donors are a valuable source of organs for adult recipients in an era where organ demand is rising.
Do interest rate controls work? Evidence from Kenya
Authors: Alper Emre , Clements Benedict , Hobdari Niko , Moya Porcel Rafel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper reviews the impact of interest rate controls in Kenya, introduced in September 2016. The intent of the controls was to reduce the cost of borrowing, expand access to credit, and increase the return on savings. However, we find that the law on interest rate controls has had the opposite effect of what was intended. Specifically, it has led to a collapse of credit to micro‐, small‐, and medium‐sized enterprises; shrinking of the loan book of the small banks; and reduced financial intermediation. Because of their adverse effects on bank lending, we estimate that the interest rate controls have reduced economic growth by ¼–¾ percentage points on an annual basis. We also show that interest rate caps reduced the signaling effects of monetary policy. These suggest that (1) the adverse effects could largely be avoided if the ceiling was high enough to facilitate lending to higher‐risk borrowers and (2) alternative policies could be preferable to address concerns about the high cost of credit.
The gender wage gap among China’s rural–urban migrants
Authors: Wu Yan , Pieters Janneke , Heerink Nico 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, we present new empirical evidence on gender wage differences among rural–urban migrants in China. We use a data set that includes migrants residing in urban communities and those living at their workplaces—the latter were not included in the previous studies. We find that the gender wage gap among migrants is 16%–18% and does not differ between migrants living at workplaces and those living in urban communities. However, gender differences in industry sorting play a more important role for migrants living at their workplaces, whereas differences in education and experience are of importance for those living in urban communities. Overall, differences in the returns to characteristics are the main driver of the gender wage gap, especially for migrants living in urban communities.
The effect of adding lactic acid to canine whole blood on platelet aggregation as measured by impedance aggregometry
Authors: Lawson Cheryl A. , Spangler Elizabeth A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundAcidemia in sick dogs often results from the accumulation of lactic acid. The resulting decrease in blood pH can have many physiologic effects, including alteration of platelet function.ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the effect of hyperlactatemia and subsequent acidemia on platelet aggregation in canine blood using impedance aggregometry.MethodsPlatelet aggregation was measured in blood from 27 healthy dogs using the Multiplate analyzer at baseline and after in vitro addition of two different volumes of lactic acid to adjust the pH. The area under the curve (AUC), reported by the Multiplate analyzer, was used to assess the extent of platelet aggregation in each sample. A linear mixed effects model was used to test for the association between platelet aggregation and pH. The association of baseline platelet aggregation with HCTs, platelet counts, and WBC counts was assessed using Pearson's correlations.ResultsAcidemia was associated with a significant decrease in platelet aggregation. No significant correlations were detected between platelet aggregation and HCT, platelet count, or WBC count. Platelet aggregation measured using the Multiplate analyzer showed substantial individual variation.ConclusionsWorsening acidemia due to the addition of lactic acid caused a mild but significant decrease in platelet aggregation in canine blood. The clinical significance of this change is uncertain but could be important when combined with other abnormalities of hemostasis associated with illness.
Sonographic findings of pinpoint hyperechoic foci in the small intestine, liver, and mesenteric lymph nodes are indicative of canine Heterobilharzia americana infection
Authors: Moshnikova Valentina S. , Gilmour Lindsey J. , Cook Audrey K. , Fabiani Michelle 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCanine schistosomiasis, caused by the trematode Heterobilharzia americana, can pose a diagnostic challenge due to nonspecific symptoms. The aim of this multicenter, retrospective, descriptive study was to compare the prevalence and extent of sonographic changes associated with schistosomiasis between affected and infection‐free dogs. Medical records of two referral centers were searched for dogs with confirmed schistosomiasis that had undergone an abdominal ultrasound. Fifty‐five cases fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and a contemporaneous control group was derived from dogs that tested negative for H. americana. Two blinded reviewers evaluated the images. The majority of Heterobilharzia‐infected (further termed H‐pos) dogs (82%) had ultrasonographic abnormalities in the small intestine ± liver. Abnormal layering of the small intestine was noted in 38 of 54 H‐pos dogs, compared to six of 54 control dogs (P < .0001). Pinpoint hyperechoic foci were noted in the small intestinal submucosa or muscularis layers in 25 of 54 H‐pos dogs, but only three controls (P < .0001). Heterogeneity of the hepatic parenchyma and pinpoint hyperechoic foci were more prevalent in H‐pos dogs (65% vs 40%; P = .0213 and 44% vs 18%; P = .0068, respectively). Pinpoint hyperechoic foci within mesenteric lymph nodes were noted in seven H‐pos dogs and none of the controls (P = .0128). The combination of heterogeneous small intestine wall layering and pinpoint hyperechoic foci in small intestine, liver, or mesenteric lymph nodes was the most reliable indication of infection (P = .0001; odds ratio = 36.87), with positive predictive value of 94%, yet modest sensitivity for the detection of infection (58%). Observing these sonographic features suggests schistosomiasis and should prompt further testing.
Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Que Jianyu , Shi Le , Deng Jiahui , Liu Jiajia , Zhang Li , Wu Suying , Gong Yimiao , Huang Weizhen , Yuan Kai , Yan Wei , Sun Yankun , Ran Maosheng , Bao Yanping , Lu Lin 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundHealthcare workers fighting against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are under tremendous pressure, which puts them at an increased risk of developing psychological problems.AimsThis study aimed to investigate the prevalence of psychological problems in different healthcare workers (ie, physicians, medical residents, nurses, technicians and public health professionals) during the COVID-19 pandemic in China and explore factors that are associated with the onset of psychological problems in this population during this public health crisis.MethodsA cross-sectional, web-based survey was conducted in February 2020 among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological problems were assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire and Insomnia Severity Index. Logistic regression analyses were used to explore the factors that were associated with psychological problems.ResultsThe prevalence of symptoms of anxiety, depression, insomnia and the overall psychological problems in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in China was 46.04%, 44.37%, 28.75% and 56.59%, respectively. The prevalence of the overall psychological problems in physicians, medical residents, nurses, technicians and public health professionals was 60.35%, 50.82%, 62.02%, 57.54% and 62.40%, respectively. Compared with healthcare workers who did not participate in front-line work, front-line healthcare workers had a higher risk of anxiety, insomnia and overall psychological problems. In addition, attention to negative or neutral information about the pandemic, receiving negative feedback from families and friends who joined front-line work, and unwillingness to join front-line work if given a free choice were three major factors for these psychological problems.ConclusionsPsychological problems are pervasive among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Receiving negative information and participating in front-line work appear to be important risk factors for psychological problems. The psychological health of different healthcare workers should be protected during the COVID-19 pandemic with timely interventions and proper information feedback.
$$\bar{B}_s \rightarrow f_0(980)$$ form factors and the width effect from light-cone sum rules
Authors: Cheng Shan , Shen Jian-Ming 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper we calculate the $$\bar{B}_s \rightarrow f_0(980)$$B¯s→f0(980) form factors from light-cone sum rules with B meson DAs. With adopting the quark–antiquark configuration of light scalar mesons, the high twist two-particle and the three-particle contributions are found to be $$\sim 25\%$$∼25% individual, and totally they give about $$50\%$$50% correction to certain form factors in the considered energy regions. We further explore the light-cone sum rules approach to study the $$S-$$S-wave $$\bar{B}_s \rightarrow KK$$B¯s→KK form factors, the $$f_0+f'_0+f''_0$$f0+f0′+f0′′ resonance model is proposed and the result shows that the background effect from $$f'_0+f''_0$$f0′+f0′′ accounts $$\sim 5\%$$∼5%. As a by-product, we extract the strong coupling $$|g_{f_0 KK }| = 1.08^{+0.05}_{-0.14}$$|gf0KK|=1.08-0.14+0.05 GeV with taking the $$\bar{B}_s \rightarrow f_0(980)$$B¯s→f0(980) form factors calculated previous under the narrow width approximation.
Chemotherapy-Induced IL8 Upregulates MDR1/ABCB1 in Tumor Blood Vessels and Results in Unfavorable Outcome
Authors: Kikuchi Hiroshi , Maishi Nako , Annan Dorcas A. , Alam Mohammad Towfik , Dawood Randa Ibrahim Hassan , Sato Masumi , Morimoto Masahiro , Takeda Ryo , Ishizuka Keita , Matsumoto Ryuji , Akino Tomoshige , Tsuchiya Kunihiko , Abe Takashige , Osawa Takahiro , Miyajima Naoto , Maruyama Satoru , Harabayashi Toru , Azuma Manabu , Yamashiro Katsushige , Ameda Kaname , Kashiwagi Akira , Matsuno Yoshihiro , Hida Yasuhiro , Shinohara Nobuo , Hida Kyoko 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Tumor endothelial cells (TEC) lining tumor blood vessels actively contribute to tumor progression and metastasis. In addition to tumor cells, TEC may develop drug resistance during cancer treatment, allowing the tumor cells to survive chemotherapy and metastasize. We previously reported that TECs resist paclitaxel treatment via upregulation of ABCB1. However, whether TEC phenotypes are altered by anticancer drugs remains to be clarified. Here, we show that ABCB1 expression increases after chemotherapy in urothelial carcinoma cases. The ratio of ABCB1-positive TEC before and after first-line chemotherapy in urothelial carcinoma tissues (n = 66) was analyzed by ABCB1 and CD31 immunostaining. In 42 cases (64%), this ratio increased after first-line chemotherapy. Chemotherapy elevated ABCB1 expression in endothelial cells by increasing tumor IL8 secretion. In clinical cases, ABCB1 expression in TEC correlated with IL8 expression in tumor cells after first-line chemotherapy, leading to poor prognosis. In vivo, the ABCB1 inhibitor combined with paclitaxel reduced tumor growth and metastasis compared with paclitaxel alone. Chemotherapy is suggested to cause inflammatory changes in tumors, inducing ABCB1 expression in TEC and conferring drug resistance. Overall, these findings indicate that TEC can survive during chemotherapy and provide a gateway for cancer metastasis. Targeting ABCB1 in TEC represents a novel strategy to overcome cancer drug resistance.

Significance:
These findings show that inhibition of ABCB1 in tumor endothelial cells may improve clinical outcome, where ABCB1 expression contributes to drug resistance and metastasis following first-line chemotherapy.
The Musnad of al-Shāfiʿī
Authors: Melchert Christopher 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A collection of hadith called Musnad al-Shāfiʿī is associated with the Nishapuran traditionist Abū al-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Aṣamm (d. Nishapur, 346/957). It was apparently assembled by students from what al-Aṣamm had heard from al-Rabīʿ ibn Sulaymān al-Murādī (d. 270/884) in his youth. Around 40 percent of the hadith in the Umm of al-Shāfiʿī (d. 204/820) shows up also in the Musnad of al-Aṣamm. Comparisons between the Musnad and the Umm can tell us something of the state of the Umm as al-Rabīʿ dictated it near the end of his life. Books in the Musnad correspond only roughly to books in the Umm, so there was still some fluidity of organization. There are also many minor differences of wording, especially to isnāds. However, the order of hadith within books of the Musnad agrees well with their order in the Umm, confirming that the Umm as we have it is close to the state in which al-Rabīʿ left it.
Ottoman Attempts to Define the Rebels During the Greek War of Independence
Authors: Karabıçak Yusuf Ziya 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This article uses tools developed by conceptual history to examine what it might have meant for Ottoman officials in Istanbul to use the term Rum milleti during the Greek War of Independence. The revolution that started in 1821 has been seen as the first successful national uprising in Europe. It has long been ascertained that the Ottomans did not understand the national undertones that was seen in the declarations of the leaders of the Greek Revolution. Moreover, the Ottoman response to the eruption of this revolution has generally been examined in the context of Istanbul, Morea and the Danubian Principalities.
The goal of this paper is to broaden our understanding of the intellectual and spatial limits of the Ottoman response to the Greek War of Independence. It starts with an examination of the Ottoman response to the French Revolution and to the Serbian revolt of 1804 to follow the trajectories of the term millet. It points out to the limitations of the Islamic understanding of the revolts of subject populations by testing some intellectual tools that were used to surpass such limitations.
For the Sake of the Infant Imām: the Development of the Errant Angel Traditions
Authors: El-Mouallem Dima Ahmad 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper examines the development of what I call the errant angel traditions within Imāmī Shīʿism in all the possible venues of the traditions’ provenance as part of the nativity miracles of al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī. Whether called Fuṭrus, Dardāʾīl, Ṣalṣāʾīl, or Ṣarṣāʾīl, this angel, who disobeys God in some way, is always forgiven for the infant Imām’s sake. I consider these traditions in their context, pointing out the changes that the story undergoes over time in response to theological, ideological, and political changes. I argue that although the traditions seem to have extremist origins, they were subsumed into secondary Imāmī literature, reflecting the circumstances that shaped them and fulfilling certain needs of the community.
Culture as An Aspect of the Total Personality
Authors: Gioseffi William V. 
Published: June 2020

This article has validity for our field since blind people represent a cross section of the varied cultural groups that make up America. It is important for practitioners to understand the mores, folkways and social institutions of the people they serve. What variations in reaction to blindness may be expected from individuals who have roots in Puerto Rico, or Poland or China, or Mexico or Ireland? More provocative is the question: Do “the blind” constitute a subculture in our society? A subculture has been described as follows: “Every society is internally differentiated into numerous subgroups, each with ways of thinking and doing that are in some respects peculiarly its own, that one can acquire only by participating in these subgroups and that one can scarcely help acquiring if he is a full-fledged participant.” Would it then follow that blind persons who, in their employment or in their social activities, are associated almost exclusively with other persons who are blind do tend to become members of a subculture?
Diagnostic performance of plain radiography for sacroiliitis in patients with suspected axial spondyloarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kim Youngjune , Chee Choong Guen , Kim Junghoon , Cho Jungheum , Yoon Min A , Chung Hye Won 
Published: June 2020

Background Plain radiography serves a pivotal role in diagnosing axial spondyloarthritis. However, a broad range of diagnostic performance of plain radiography has been reported. Purpose To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to measure the diagnostic performance of plain radiography for sacroiliitis in patients suspected of having axial spondyloarthritis using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings as the reference standard. Material and Methods Studies comparing radiography and MRI in the diagnosis of sacroiliitis in patients suspected of having axial spondyloarthritis were searched in PubMed and EMBASE. Additionally, studies analyzed SPondyloaArthritis Caught Early (SPACE), DEvenir des Spondylarthropathies Indifferenciées Récentes (DESIR), GErman Spondyloarthritis Inception Cohort (GESPIC), and South Swedish Arthritis Treatment Group (SSATG) cohorts were manually searched. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of radiography were calculated by using a bivariate random-effects model. Meta-regression analyses were performed to identify the sources of heterogeneity. Results Eight eligible studies with 1579 patients were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of radiography were 0.55 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.40–0.69) and 0.87 (95% CI = 0.72–0.95). The meta-regression analyses showed prospective study design and criteria for MRI positivity considering only active bone marrow edema were associated with lower sensitivity. Conclusion The plain radiography showed low sensitivity and reasonable specificity in diagnosis of sacroiliitis in patients suspected of having axial spondyloarthritis.