bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mortality from cardiovascular disease in a cohort of Swedish seafarers
Authors: Eriksson Helena P. , Forsell Karl , Andersson Eva 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate whether Swedish seafarers have increased mortality from cardiovascular disease compared with the general population.

Methods
Register-based longitudinal cohort study of 85,169 Swedish seafarers where all subjects with a minimum of 30 days service registered in the Seafarers’ Register 1985–2013 were included. Mortality from coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and total mortality for comparison were analysed by calculating standardised mortality ratios (SMRs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Mortality was further analysed by gender, duty on board, type of vessel, and over time.

Results
There was no increase in either mortality from cardiovascular disease or total mortality for seafarers, who had worked solely on passenger ferries. Mortality from coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease was increased for male seafarers < 46 years old who had worked on different types of vessels, SMR 1.48 (95% CI 1.06–2.01) and SMR 1.93 (95% CI 1.16–3.02), respectively. Analysing the seafarers by duty showed significantly increased SMRs from coronary heart disease in males aged < 46 of the categories “deck crew” and “engine officer/crew (ever)”. The total mortality for seafarers who had worked on different types of vessels was increased; males SMR 1.05 (95% CI 1.02–1.09) and females SMR 1.17 (95% CI 1.04–1.30), but decreased over time.

Conclusions
No increased mortality on passenger ferries but younger male seafarers on different types of vessels had increased mortality from cardiovascular disease. Reduction of hazardous occupational exposures onboard is important, such as shift work, stress and noise.
Solution formulas for differential Sylvester and Lyapunov equations
Authors: Behr Maximilian , Benner Peter , Heiland Jan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe differential Sylvester equation and its symmetric version, the differential Lyapunov equation, appear in different fields of applied mathematics like control theory, system theory, and model order reduction. The few available straight-forward numerical approaches when applied to large-scale systems come with prohibitively large storage requirements. This shortage motivates us to summarize and explore existing solution formulas for these equations. We develop a unifying approach based on the spectral theorem for normal operators like the Sylvester operator $${\mathcal {S}}(X)=AX+XB$$S(X)=AX+XB and derive a formula for its norm using an induced operator norm based on the spectrum of A and B. In view of numerical approximations, we propose an algorithm that identifies a suitable Krylov subspace using Taylor series and use a projection to approximate the solution. Numerical results for large-scale differential Lyapunov equations are presented in the last sections.
Biochemical characterization ofSerpula lacrymansiron-reductase enzymes in lignocellulose breakdown
Authors: Nurika Irnia , Eastwood Daniel C , Bugg Timothy D H , Barker Guy C 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPutative iron-reductase (IR) genes from Serpula lacrymans with similarity to the conserved iron-binding domains of cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) enzymes have been identified. These genes were cloned and expressed to functionally characterize their activity and role in the decomposition of lignocellulose. The results show that IR1 and IR2 recombinant enzymes have the ability to depolymerize both lignin and cellulose, are capable of the reduction of ferric iron to the ferrous form, and are capable of the degradation of nitrated lignin. Expression of these genes during wheat straw solid-state fermentation was shown to correlate with the release of compounds associated with lignin decomposition. The results suggest that both IR enzymes mediate a non-enzymatic depolymerisation of lignocellulose and highlight the potential of chelator-mediated Fenton systems in the industrial pre-treatment of biomass.
An analytical study of vibration in functionally graded piezoelectric nanoplates: nonlocal strain gradient theory
Authors: Sharifi Z. , Khordad R. , Gharaati A. , Forozani G. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we analytically study vibration of functionally graded piezoelectric (FGP) nanoplates based on the nonlocal strain gradient theory. The top and bottom surfaces of the nanoplate are made of PZT-5H and PZT-4, respectively. We employ Hamilton’s principle and derive the governing differential equations. Then, we use Navier’s solution to obtain the natural frequencies of the FGP nanoplate. In the first step, we compare our results with the obtained results for the piezoelectric nanoplates in the previous studies. In the second step, we neglect the piezoelectric effect and compare our results with those obtained for the functionally graded (FG) nanoplates. Finally, the effects of the FG power index, the nonlocal parameter, the aspect ratio, and the side-tothickness ratio, and the nanoplate shape on natural frequencies are investigated.
Cosmic biology in perspective
Authors: Wickramasinghe N. C. , Wickramasinghe Dayal T. , Tout Christopher A. , Lattanzio John C. , Steele Edward J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA series of astronomical observations obtained over the period 1986 to 2018 supports the idea that life is a cosmic rather than a purely terrestrial or planetary phenomenon. These include (1) the detection of biologically relevant molecules in interstellar clouds and in comets, (2) mid-infrared spectra of interstellar grains and the dust from comets, (3) a diverse set of data from comets including the Rosetta mission showing consistency with biology and (4) the frequency of Earth-like or habitable planets in the Galaxy. We argue that the conjunction of all the available data suggests the operation of cometary biology and interstellar panspermia rather than the much weaker hypothesis of comets being only the source of the chemical building blocks of life. We conclude with specific predictions on the properties expected of extra-terrestrial life if it is discovered on Enceladus, Europa or beyond. A radically different biochemistry elsewhere can be considered as a falsification of the theory of interstellar panspermia.
Alternative NADH dehydrogenase extends lifespan and increases resistance to xenobiotics in Drosophila
Authors: Gospodaryov Dmytro V. , Strilbytska Olha M. , Semaniuk Uliana V. , Perkhulyn Natalia V. , Rovenko Bohdana M. , Yurkevych Ihor S. , Barata Ana G. , Dick Tobias P. , Lushchak Oleh V. , Jacobs Howard T. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMitochondrial alternative NADH dehydrogenase (aNDH) was found to extend lifespan when expressed in the fruit fly. We have found that fruit flies expressing aNDH from Ciona intestinalis (NDX) had 17–71% lifespan prolongation on media with different protein-tocarbohydrate ratios except NDX-expressing males that had 19% shorter lifespan than controls on a high protein diet. NDX-expressing flies were more resistant to organic xenobiotics, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and alloxan, and inorganic toxicant potassium iodate, and partially to sodium molybdate treatments. On the other hand, NDX-expressing flies were more sensitive to catechol and sodium chromate. Enzymatic analysis showed that NDX-expressing males had higher glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, whilst both sexes showed increased glutathione S-transferase activity.
A simple enzymatic assay for the quantification of C1-specific cellulose oxidation by lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases
Authors: Keller M. B. , Felby C. , Labate C. A. , Pellegrini V. O. A. , Higasi P. , Singh R. K. , Polikarpov I. , Blossom B. M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective
The development of an enzymatic assay for the specific quantification of the C1-oxidation product, i.e. gluconic acid of cellulose active lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs).

Results
In combination with a β-glucosidase, the spectrophotometrical assay can reliably quantify the specific C1- oxidation product of LPMOs acting on cellulose. It is applicable for a pure cellulose model substrate as well as lignocellulosic biomass. The enzymatic assay compares well with the quantification performed by HPAEC-PAD. In addition, we show that simple boiling is not sufficient to inactivate LPMOs and we suggest to apply a metal chelator in addition to boiling or to drastically increase pH for proper inactivation.

Conclusions

We conclude that the versatility of this simple enzymatic assay makes it useful in a wide range of experiments in basic and applied LPMO research and without the need for expensive instrumentation, e.g. HPAEC-PAD.
Dewatering of foam-laid and water-laid structures and the formed web properties
Authors: Lehmonen Jani , Retulainen Elias , Paltakari Jouni , Kinnunen-Raudaskoski Karita , Koponen Antti 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe use of aqueous foams as a carrier fluid for pulp fibers instead of water has re-emerged in the paper and board industry in recent years. In foam forming, a surfactant is needed to reduce the surface tension of the carrier liquid and to create foam as a process fluid and flowing medium. This presents the following questions: (1) How do the water forming and foam forming processes differ? (2) How do the obtained wet/dry fibre sheets differ after forming and after wet pressing? (3) Which differences in the process behavior and sheet properties are due to the surfactant, and which are due to the presence of air bubbles in the flowing medium? The answers to these questions were sought by using an experimental academic approach and by applying a special dynamic vacuum assisted sheet former. Although foams are much more viscous than water, dewatering times were found to be approximately equal in water and foam forming at higher vacuum levels. The hydrodynamic resistance of sheet was approximately constant during water forming, while in foam forming resistance was initially even smaller than in water forming but it increased with time, being substantially higher at the end of the forming process. In certain cases, surfactant alone was found to have a similar, albeit often lower, effect on the sheet properties of foam. Surfactant improved sheet dryness (both after forming and wet pressing), lowered density, and lowered strength properties also in water forming. Foam, on the other hand, had a crucial effect particularly on certain structural properties such as formation and porosity. The difference between water and foam-laid sheets typically reduced in line with higher wet pressing pressure. This suggests that the role of surface tension and foam bubbles in controlling interfiber contact is overridden by wet pressing pressure. Thus applying foam as a carrier fluid has characteristic effects both on the papermaking process and the end product properties. The main features of foam forming can be explained by the chemical effects caused by the surfactant, and the structural effects caused by the foam bubbles.Graphic abstract
24-Epibrassinolide modulates primary metabolites, antioxidants, and phytochelatins in Acutodesmus obliquus exposed to lead stress
Authors: Talarek-Karwel Marta , Bajguz Andrzej , Piotrowska-Niczyporuk Alicja 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAquatic organisms are exposed to many stressors, e.g., heavy metals. Brassinosteroids, a plant hormone group, can effectively stimulate plants to defend against the negative impact of a heavy metal. The present study was conducted with an aim to find out the influence of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) onAcutodesmus obliquustreated with 0.01 and 500 μM of lead (Pb) ions during 7 days of cultivation. Pb has a toxic effect on algal cultures because it limits both the growth and development and induces oxidative stress. Simultaneously, 1 μM EBL was involved in protecting algal cells against the toxic effect of Pb. Despite the presence of Pb, EBL significantly increased the number of algal cells and their metabolite content (e.g., proteins, monosaccharides, chlorophylls, carotenes, and xanthophylls). Cultures treated concurrently with EBL and Pb were characterized by a reduction in their content of endogenous Pb, H2O2, and malondialdehyde. Also, EBL increased the activity of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, and the content of ascorbate and glutathione. EBL increased the phytochelatin synthase activity, thereby enhancing the production of phytochelatins accountable for both binding and detoxification of Pb. These results indicate the influence of EBL on the inhibitory effect of Pb inA. obliquus. These findings help to clarify the role of BRs in the algal adaptation to the prevailing stressful conditions.
1-D velocity model for the North Korean Peninsula from Rayleigh wave dispersion of ambient noise cross-correlations
Authors: Lee Sang-Jun , Rhie Junkee , Kim Seongryong , Kang Tae-Seob , Cho Chang Soo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMonitoring seismic activity in the north Korean Peninsula (NKP) is important not only for understanding the characteristics of tectonic earthquakes but also for monitoring anthropogenic seismic events. To more effectively investigate seismic properties, reliable seismic velocity models are essential. However, the seismic velocity structures of the region have not been well constrained due to a lack of available seismic data. This study presents 1-D velocity models for both the inland and offshore (western East Sea) of the NKP. We constrained the models based on the results of a Bayesian inversion process using Rayleigh wave dispersion data, which were measured from ambient noise cross-correlations between stations in the southern Korean Peninsula and northeast China. The proposed models were evaluated by performing full moment tensor inversion for the 2013 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) nuclear test. Using the composite model consisting of both inland and offshore models resulted in consistently higher goodness of fit to observed waveforms than previous models. This indicates that seismic monitoring can be improved by using the proposed models, which resolve propagation effects along different paths in the NKP region.
Ring-opening polymerization of monosubstituted oxiranes in the presence of potassium hydride: determination of initiation course and structure of macromolecules by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry
Authors: Grobelny Zbigniew , Jurek-Suliga Justyna , Golba Sylwia 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSeveral monosubstituted oxiranes were polymerized with suspension of potassium hydride (KH) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at room temperature. This heterogeneous process resulted in polyethers with various starting groups depending on the kind of monomer. The macromolecules formed in ring-opening polymerization of monosubstituted oxiranes were analyzed by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization - Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). It was stated, that initiation of propylene oxide (PO) polymerization with KH proceeded via three ways, i.e. cleavage of oxirane ring in the β-position, monomer deprotonation and deoxygenation. Potassium isopropoxide, potassium allyloxide and potassium hydroxide were the real initiators. The main reactions, which occur in the initiation step, depend on the type of monomer used. In the case of allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) and phenyl glycidyl ether (PGE) deprotonation of the monomer did not occur. During initiation of glycidyl ethers oxirane ring was opened and also linear ether bond between glycidyl group and oxygen atom was cleaved under influence of KH. Interestingly, formation of new kinds of macromolecules was observed in the systems containing glycidyl ethers, which do not possess mers of the monomers used. Mechanisms of the studied processes were presented and discussed. Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (13C NMR) was used as supporting technique for analysis of the obtained polymers. Number average molar masses of the polymers (Mn) determined by Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) were about two times higher than calculated ones. It indicated that half of used KH did not take part in the initiation step.
Value of Geologically Derived Features in Machine Learning Facies Classification
Authors: Halotel Julie , Demyanov Vasily , Gardiner Andy 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe aim of this work is to demonstrate how geologically interpretative features can improve machine learning facies classification with uncertainty assessment.
Manual interpretation of lithofacies from wireline log data is traditionally performed by an expert, can be subject to biases, and is substantially laborious and time consuming for very large datasets. Characterizing the interpretational uncertainty in facies classification is quite difficult, but it can be very important for reservoir development decisions. Thus, automation of the facies classification process using machine learning is a potentially intuitive and efficient way to facilitate facies interpretation based on large-volume data. It can also enable more adequate quantification of the uncertainty in facies classification by ensuring that possible alternative lithological scenarios are not overlooked. An improvement of the performance of purely data-driven classifiers by integrating geological features and expert knowledge as additional inputs is proposed herein, with the aim of equipping the classifier with more geological insight and gaining interpretability by making it more explanatory. Support vector machine and random forest classifiers are compared to demonstrate the superiority of the latter. This study contrasts facies classification using only conventional wireline log inputs and using additional geological features. In the first experiment, geological rule-based constraints were implemented as an additional derived and constructed input. These account for key geological features that a petrophysics or geological expert would attribute to typical and identifiable wireline log responses. In the second experiment, geological interpretative features (i.e., grain size, pore size, and argillaceous content) were used as additional independent inputs to enhance the prediction accuracy and geological consistency of the classification outcomes. Input and output noise injection experiments demonstrated the robustness of the results towards systematic and random noise in the data. The aspiration of this study is to establish geological characteristics and knowledge to be considered as decisive data when used in machine learning facies classification.
Visuospatial Neglect - a Theory-Informed Overview of Current and Emerging Strategies and a Systematic Review on the Therapeutic Use of Non-invasive Brain Stimulation
Authors: Zebhauser Paul Theo , Vernet Marine , Unterburger Evelyn , Brem Anna-Katharine 
Published: November 2019

AbstractVisuospatial neglect constitutes a supramodal cognitive deficit characterized by reduction or loss of spatial awareness for the contralesional space. It occurs in over 40% of right- and 20% of left-brain-lesioned stroke patients with lesions located mostly in parietal, frontal and subcortical brain areas. Visuospatial neglect is a multifaceted syndrome - symptoms can be divided into sensory, motor and representational neglect - and therefore requires an individually adapted diagnostic and therapeutic approach. Several models try to explain the origins of visuospatial neglect, of which the “interhemispheric rivalry model” is strongly supported by animal and human research. This model proposes that allocation of spatial attention is balanced by transcallosal inhibition and both hemispheres compete to direct attention to the contralateral hemi-space. Accordingly, a brain lesion causes an interhemispheric imbalance, which may be re-installed by activation of lesioned, or deactivation of unlesioned (over-activated) brain areas through noninvasive brain stimulation. Research in larger patient samples is needed to confirm whether noninvasive brain stimulation can improve long-term outcomes and whether these also affect activities of daily living and discharge destination.
Marrow Fat-Secreted Factors as Biomarkers for Osteoporosis
Authors: Herrmann Markus 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe age-related accumulation of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) negatively impacts bone metabolism and hematopoiesis. This review provides an overview about BMAT-secreted factors as biomarkers for BMAT accumulation and osteoporosis risk.Recent FindingsThe adipokines leptin and adiponectin are regulators of BMAT. It remains to be clarified if locally produced adipokines substantially contribute to their peripheral serum levels and if they influence bone metabolism beyond that of extraosseous adipokine production. Existing data also suggests that BMAT disturbs bone metabolism primarily through palmitate-mediated toxic effects on osteoblasts and osteocytes, including dysregulated autophagy and apoptosis.SummaryBMAT-secreted factors are important modulators of bone metabolism. However, the majority of our understanding about MAT-secreted factors and their paracrine and endocrine effects is derived from in vitro studies and animal experiments. Therefore, more research is needed before BMAT-secreted biomarkers can be applied in medical practice.
Greer’s ‘Bad Sex’ and the Future of Consent
Authors: Brooks Victoria 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGermaine Greer’s polemic ‘On Rape’ has proved controversial and has served to further divide feminist opinion on the way to move forward from #MeToo in consent reform. Greer’s work, along with other second wave feminists, has been rejected by third wave feminist scholarship for simultaneously minimising the harm caused to victims of sexual violence and claiming that rape is not ‘catastrophic’, with Naomi Wolf being Greer’s most vocal and powerful opponent. Yet, I claim that in maintaining this position in opposition to Greer we are missing the real transformative power of Greer’s revival of second-wave arguments in relation to reforming our laws on consent post #MeToo. The consent framework and the definition of consent under the Sexual Offences Act 2003 has been readily criticised for its vague definition of ‘freedom’ and ‘capacity’ in that such a definition misses the subtler, yet powerful, ways in which victims are coerced and abused—those which are most insidious, since they are embedded within the fabric of our society, and within the ‘tissue’ of heterosex. Greer’s position that rape is ‘bad sex’ may well hold some truth—since bad sex for women has long been accepted as part of life albeit reduced to sufferance and duty. Inevitably, this leads us to the conclusion that there are many more instances of rape than we thought, and many more women suffering, than we thought. This article examines this position and argues for urgent research on women’s sexuality, and radical intervention in the law and academia, in the quest for consent law reform.
The Japanese Breast Cancer Society Clinical Practice Guidelines for Breast Cancer Screening and Diagnosis, 2018 Edition
Authors: Uematsu Takayoshi , Nakashima Kazutaka , Kikuchi Mari , Kubota Kazunori , Suzuki Akihiko , Nakano Shogo , Hirokaga Kouichi , Yamaguchi Ken , Saji Shigehira , Iwata Hiroji 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article updates readers as to what is new in the Japanese Breast Cancer Society Clinical Practice Guidelines for Breast Cancer Screening and Diagnosis, 2018 Edition. Breast cancer screening issues are covered, including matters of breast density and possible supplemental modalities, along with appropriate pre-operative/follow-up diagnostic breast imaging tests. Up-to-date clinical practice guidelines for breast cancer screening and diagnosis should help to provide patients and clinicians with not only evidence-based breast imaging options, but also accurate and balanced information about the benefits and harms of intervention, which ultimately enables shared decision making about imaging test plans.