bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noradrenergic correlates of chronic cocaine craving: neuromelanin and functional brain imaging
Authors: Wang Wuyi , Zhornitsky Simon , Zhang Sheng , Li Chiang-shan R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPreclinical studies have implicated noradrenergic (NA) dysfunction in cocaine addiction. In particular, the NA system plays a central role in motivated behavior and may partake in the regulation of craving and drug use. Yet, human studies of the NA system are scarce, likely hampered by the difficulty in precisely localizing the locus coeruleus (LC). Here, we used neuromelanin imaging to localize the LC and quantified LC neuromelanin signal (NMS) intensity in 44 current cocaine users (CU; 37 men) and 59 nondrug users (NU; 44 men). We also employed fMRI to investigate cue-induced regional responses and LC functional connectivities, as quantified by generalized psychophysiological interaction (gPPI), in CU. Imaging data were processed by published routines and the findings were evaluated with a corrected threshold. We examined how these neural measures were associated with chronic cocaine craving, as assessed by the Cocaine Craving Questionnaire (CCQ). Compared to NU, CU demonstrated higher LC NMS for all probabilistic thresholds defined of 50–90% of the peak. In contrast, NMS of the ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra (VTA/SN) did not show significant group differences. Drug as compared to neutral cues elicited higher activations of many cortical and subcortical regions, none of which were significantly correlated with CCQ score. Drug vs. neutral cues also elicited “deactivation” of bilateral parahippocampal gyri (PHG) and PHG gPPI with a wide array of cortical and subcortical regions, including the ventral striatum and, with small volume correction, the LC. Less deactivation of the PHG (r = 0.40, p = 0.008) and higher PHG-LC gPPI (r = 0.44, p = 0.003) were positively correlated with the CCQ score. In contrast, PHG-VTA/SN connectivity did not correlate with the CCQ score. Together, chronic cocaine exposure may induce higher NMS intensity, suggesting neurotoxic effects on the LC. The correlation of cue-elicited PHG LC connectivity with CCQ score suggests a noradrenergic correlate of chronic cocaine craving. Potentially compensating for memory functions as in neurodegenerative conditions, cue-elicited PHG LC circuit connectivity plays an ill-adaptive role in supporting cocaine craving.
Soil microbial legacies differ following drying-rewetting and freezing-thawing cycles
Authors: Meisner Annelein , Snoek Basten L , Nesme Joseph , Dent Elizabeth , Jacquiod Samuel , Classen Aimée T , Priemé Anders 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Climate change alters frequencies and intensities of soil drying-rewetting and freezing-thawing cycles. These fluctuations affect soil water availability, a crucial driver of soil microbial activity. While these fluctuations are leaving imprints on soil microbiome structures, the question remains if the legacy of one type of weather fluctuation (e.g., drying-rewetting) affects the community response to the other (e.g., freezing-thawing). As both phenomenons give similar water availability fluctuations, we hypothesized that freezing-thawing and drying-rewetting cycles have similar effects on the soil microbiome. We tested this hypothesis by establishing targeted microcosm experiments. We created a legacy by exposing soil samples to a freezing-thawing or drying-rewetting cycle (phase 1), followed by an additional drying-rewetting or freezing-thawing cycle (phase 2). We measured soil respiration and analyzed soil microbiome structures. Across experiments, larger CO2 pulses and changes in microbiome structures were observed after rewetting than thawing. Drying-rewetting legacy affected the microbiome and CO2 emissions upon the following freezing-thawing cycle. Conversely, freezing-thawing legacy did not affect the microbial response to the drying-rewetting cycle. Our results suggest that drying-rewetting cycles have stronger effects on soil microbial communities and CO2 production than freezing-thawing cycles and that this pattern is mediated by sustained changes in soil microbiome structures.
Olfactory ecto-mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes ameliorate murine Sjögren’s syndrome by modulating the function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells
Authors: Rui Ke , Hong Yue , Zhu Qiugang , Shi Xiaofei , Xiao Fan , Fu Hailong , Yin Qing , Xing Yida , Wu Xinfeng , Kong Xiaodan , Xu Huaxi , Tian Jie , Wang Shengjun , Lu Liwei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by progressive inflammation and tissue damage in salivary glands and lacrimal glands. Our previous studies showed that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) exhibited impaired immunosuppressive function during disease progression in patients with SS and mice with experimental Sjögren’s syndrome (ESS), but it remains unclear whether restoring the function of MDSCs can effectively ameliorate the development of ESS. In this study, we found that murine olfactory ecto-mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (OE-MSC-Exos) significantly enhanced the suppressive function of MDSCs by upregulating arginase expression and increasing ROS and NO levels. Moreover, treatment with OE-MSC-Exos via intravenous injection markedly attenuated disease progression and restored MDSC function in ESS mice. Mechanistically, OE-MSC-Exo-secreted IL-6 activated the Jak2/Stat3 pathway in MDSCs. In addition, the abundant S100A4 in OE-MSC-Exos acted as a key factor in mediating the endogenous production of IL-6 by MDSCs via TLR4 signaling, indicating an autocrine pathway of MDSC functional modulation by IL-6. Taken together, our results demonstrated that OE-MSC-Exos possess therapeutic potential to attenuate ESS progression by enhancing the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs, possibly constituting a new strategy for the treatment of Sjögren’s syndrome and other autoimmune diseases.
Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer properties of Thai Perilla frutescence fruit oil in animals
Authors: Paradee Narisara , Koonyosying Pimpisid , Kusirisin Winthana , Janthip Rattanaporn , Kanjanapothi Duangta , Pattanapanyasat Kovit , Srichairatanakool Somdet 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Perilla frutescens fruit oil (PFO) is rich in α-linolenic acid (ALA) and exhibits biological activities. We aimed to investigate analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer activities of PFO and PFO-supplemented soybean milk (PFO-SM) in animal models. Analgesic activity was assessed in acetic acid-induced writhing in mice, while anti-inflammatory activity was performed in ethyl phenylpropiolate (EPP)-induced ear edema and carrageenan-induced hind paw edema in rats. Anti-ulcer effects were conducted in water immersion stress, HCl/ethanol and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Distinctly, PFO, containing 6.96 mg ALA and 2.61 mg LA equivalence/g, did not induce acute toxicity (LD50 &gt; 10 mL/kg) in mice. PFO (2.5 and 5 mL/kg) and PFO-SM (0.05 mL PFO equivalence/kg) inhibited incidences of writhing (16.8, 18.0 and 32.3%, respectively) in acetic acid-induced mice. In addition, topical applications of PFO (0.1 and 1 mL/ear) significantly inhibited EPP-induced ear edema (59.3 and 65.7%, respectively) in rats, while PFO-SM slightly inhibited ear edema (25.9%). However, PFO and PFO-SM did not inhibit carrageenan-induced hind paw edema in rats. Indeed, PFO (2.5 and 5 mL/kg) significantly inhibited gastric ulcers in rats that induced by water immersion stress (92.4 and 96.6%, respectively), HCl/ethanol (74.8 and 73.3%, respectively) and indomethacin (68.8 and 88.9%, respectively), while PFO-SM did not. PFO displayed potent analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer properties, while PFO-SM exerted only analgesic properties. Thus, Thai PFO and its functional drink offer potential benefits in treatment of analgesic, inflammatory diseases and gastric ulcer.
Tornado-inspired acoustic vortex tweezer for trapping and manipulating microbubbles
Authors: Lo Wei-Chen , Fan Ching-Hsiang , Ho Yi-Ju , Lin Chia-Wei , Yeh Chih-Kuang 
Published: January 2021

Significance
The retention and accumulation of biotherapeutic agents within the circulatory system are difficult due to the high velocity of the blood flow, which limits drug leakage and drug concentration in the targeted region. Herein, we propose a tornado-inspired acoustic vortex tweezers to noninvasively collect microbubbles for improved local concentration of up to 1.7-fold in vitro and in vivo. This technique enables systemic drug administration with extremely low doses.
Exploring the learning burden and decay of foreign language vocabulary knowledge
Authors: Barclay Samuel , Pellicer-Sánchez Ana 
Published: January 2021

AbstractResearch has shown that several intralexical factors affect the learning burden of foreign language vocabulary (e.g.,Laufer, 1997) and that some accrued lexical knowledge is forgotten. It is often assumed that the lexical items most difficult to acquire are those easiest to forget. However, few studies have provided empirical evidence to support this claim. This study examined the effect of two intralexical factors, part of speech and word length, on the learning burden and decay of intentionally learned foreign language lexical knowledge, as well as the role that learning burden played in the decay process. Forty-eight learners of English studied words of various parts of speech and lengths using flashcard software. Knowledge (form recall and recognition) of target items was assessed immediately after learning and four weeks later. Results of mixed-effects models showed that part of speech and word length have differential impacts on learning burden and decay and that increased burden mitigated loss of form recognition knowledge.
Fabrication of mechanically reliable micrometric scale conductive pattern by direct pattern transfer using UV photopolymer penetration
Authors: Harisha Bairi Sri , Jeong Si Hun , Lee Min Seop , Yoo Kisoo , Lim Jiseok 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A mechanically reliable micrometric scale conductive wire fabrication method was developed using silver paste. In order to increase the bonding strength between silver particles, a method was developed for filling the space between particles with UV photopolymer. The UV photopolymer covers the top of a mold filled with silver paste, after which vacuum forces are generated by the evaporation of the solvent in the silver paste and the density difference between the UV photopolymer and the solvent. This results in the penetration of UV photopolymer into the silver paste. The UV photopolymer fills the interparticle air gaps inside the silver paste and positively modifies the mechanical strength of the conductive pattern. A conductive wire with a minimum line width of 10 µm was successfully fabricated on a polyethylene terephthalate film using silver paste with a particle size of 300 nm. The height of the wire is defined by the penetration depth of the UV photopolymer into the silver paste, which is a function of the resting period between applying the UV photopolymer coating and UV illumination to induce UV photo-polymerization. The penetration affected the spreading of the silver paste, resulting in favorable resistance values. A numerical analysis of the UV photopolymer penetration depth was done for validation and was consistent with the experimental results. The developed method enables large-area replication of micrometric scale conductive wire on a flexible substrate using a simple process and instrumentation with improved conductivity per unit area.
Disalignment rate coefficient of argon 2p8 due to nitrogen collision
Authors: Bergert Roman , Isberner Leonard W , Mitic Slobodan , Thoma Markus H 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Tunable diode laser induced fluorescence (TDLIF) measurements are discussed and quantitatively evaluated for nitrogen admixtures in argon plasma under the influence of a strong magnetic field. TDLIF measurements were used to evaluate light-transport properties in a strongly magnetized optically thick argon/nitrogen plasma under different pressure conditions. Therefore, a coupled system of rate balance equations was constructed to describe laser pumping of individual magnetic sub-levels of 2p8 state through frequency-separated sub-transitions originating from 1s4 magnetic sub-levels. The density distribution (alignment) of 2p8 multiplet was described by balancing laser pumping with losses including radiative decay, transfer of excitation between the neighboring sub-levels in the 2p8 multiplet driven by neutral collisions (argon and nitrogen) and quenching due to electron and neutral collisions. Resulting 2p8 magnetic sub-level densities were then used to model polarization dependent fluorescence, considering self-absorption, which could be directly compared with polarization-resolved TDLIF measurements. This enables to estimate the disalignment rate constant for the 2p8 state due to collisions by molecular nitrogen. A comparison to molecular theory description is given providing satisfactory agreement. The presented measurement method and model can help to describe optical emission of argon and argon–nitrogen admixtures in magnetized conditions and provides a basis for further description of optical emission spectra in magnetized plasmas.
A feasible process for lead-free Cs2SnI6 films using vapor-assisted deposition method with Sn and I2 powders as reactants
Authors: Wang Jiaming , Ullah Saad , Yang Peixin , Liu Linlin , Yang Shi-E , Xia Tianyu , Guo Haizhong , Chen Yongsheng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
As potential candidates for organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite materials, Pb-free Cs2SnI6 has gained considerable attention because of their better stability under atmospheric conditions containing oxygen and water vapor. Herein, we fabricate Cs2SnI6 films using the vapor-assisted deposition method with Sn and I2 powders as reactants. To obtain uniform and pure Cs2SnI6 films, two different reaction systems are applied and the properties of the samples are characterized via x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, UV–vis spectrometer, photoluminescence, and Hall-effect measurements. All the results showed a strong dependency on the reaction temperature and fabrication approach. Based on the preparation process in a closed system, we successfully inhibited the high temperature decomposition of Cs2SnI6 even at 250 °C. However, in the open system, the reaction temperature of Cs2SnI6 films should not be higher than 200 °C. Finally, n-type semiconducting Cs2SnI6 films with bandgap (E
g) of 1.32–1.54 eV, carrier concentration of 1013–1016 cm−3, and carrier mobility above 100 cm2 V−1 s−1 are obtained due to the generated I-rich synthesis condition. We believe that our findings will provide beneficial guidance for the fabrication of Cs2SnI6 perovskite solar cells.
A structure scheme to reduce the influence of the accelerometer inner lever-arm effect on tri-axis inertial navigation systems
Authors: Yang Shenglin , Hu Xiaomao , Wang Xiaodan , Li Dechun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The accelerometer inner lever-arm effect is a significant error source for high-precision inertial navigation systems (INSs) and has a marked influence on the speed accuracy—a critical technical index of high-precision weapon systems. Rotation modulation technology is widely applied to reduce the errors of high-precision INS. However, this method fails to work for the inner lever-arm effect. Furthermore, variations in the rotation angular velocity and acceleration during modulation alter the inner lever-arm effect, further complicating the compensation of errors. System self-calibration is currently the principle method adopted to deal with the inner lever-arm effect, yet calculation errors result in residual estimations at the millimeter-level for the inner lever-arm. Such a residual will cause obvious speed errors for high-precision INS, which typically turns over the inertial measurement unit via the rotation modulation. This consequently makes it difficult to fully meet the requirements of high-precision weapon systems. In the current paper, we propose an accelerometer geometric space scheme based on the calculations and structural characteristics of a tri-axis INS. Through a simple structure arrangement, we demonstrate the complete theoretical elimination of the inner lever-arm effect in the absence of complex calibration and compensation processes. The only residual error of the inner lever-arm in the proposed scheme is the accumulated geometric tolerance with a value less than 0.2 mm. Semi-physical simulation results reveal the ability of our scheme to directly reduce the magnitude of the system speed error from 10−2 to 10−5. Moreover, the speed fluctuation disappears during the modulation rolling process, thus fully meeting the requirements of high-precision weapon systems.
A novel multi-adversarial cross-domain neural network for bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Jin Guoqiang , Xu Kai , Chen Huaian , Jin Yi , Zhu Changan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Recently, deep neural networks have achieved great success in bearing fault diagnosis. Most existing methods are developed under the assumption that the bearing vibration signals are collected under the same machine operating conditions. However, bearing fault diagnosis under cross-domain conditions will suffer from domain shift problems if the neural network is only trained with the source domain data. Moreover, acquiring enough labeled data from the target domain will be expensive and time-consuming. To address the above problems, this paper proposes an end-to-end multi-adversarial cross-domain neural network for bearing fault diagnosis, which takes labeled source domain data and unlabeled target domain data to achieve the cross-domain bearing fault diagnosis under cross-load conditions and cross-machine conditions. The proposed method employs multi-adversarial training to automatically extract the domain-invariant features from source and target domains instead of manually designing features, which combines domain-adversarial learning and mini-max entropy adversarial learning to adversarially reduce the domain discrepancy between the source and target domains and alleviate the class misalignment problem. The results of the cross-load and the cross-machine experiments prove the effectiveness of the proposed method, and the proposed method provides a promising tool for cross-domain bearing fault diagnosis.
Giant energy storage effect in nanolayer capacitors charged by the field emission tunneling
Authors: Ilin Eduard , Burkova Irina , Colla Eugene V , Pak Michael , Bezryadin Alexey 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We fabricate nanolayer alumina capacitor and apply high electric fields, close to 1 GV m−1, to inject charges in the dielectric. Asymmetric charge distributions have been achieved due to the selectivity of the quantum tunneling process. Namely, the electrons near the Fermi level cannot tunnel intoregions near the cathode, where the total energy would be less than the potential energy. This mechanism exhibits a strong tendency to populate charge traps located near the anode, i.e. the regions where their potential energy is the lowest. Such spatially selective charging of the dielectric allows a permanent bulk charge storage in the dielectric layer, even if the capacitor plates are short-circuited, provided that the temperature is sufficiently low so that the conductivity of the dielectric is negligible. The stored charge can be recovered if the temperature is increased above ~250 K for the dielectric tested, i.e. Al2O3. In our experiments, the total charge stored in the dielectric was up to seven and a half times higher than the charge stored on the capacitor plates. Also, measurements of the breakdown voltage show that the breakdown electric field, i.e. the dielectric strength, is independent of the thickness of the dielectric.
Correlative STEM-HAADF and STEM-EDX tomography for the 3D morphological and chemical analysis of semiconductor devices
Authors: Jacob Martin , Sorel Julien , Pinhiero Rafael Bortolin , Mazen Frederic , Grenier Adeline , Epicier Thierry , Saghi Zineb 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
3D analysis of an arsenic-doped silicon fin sample is performed in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). High angle annular dark-field scanning TEM (STEM-HAADF) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (STEM-EDX) modes are used simultaneously to extract 3D complementary multi-resolution information about the sample. The small pixel size and angular step chosen for the STEM-HAADF acquisition yield reliable information about the sidewall roughness and the arsenic clusters’ average volume. The chemical sensitivity of STEM-EDX tomography gives insights into the 3D conformality of the arsenic implantation and its depth distribution. Non-negative matrix factorization method is employed to identify the chemical phases present in the sample automatically. A total variation minimization algorithm, implemented in 3D, produces high-quality volumes from heavily undersampled datasets. The extension of this correlative approach to electron energy-loss spectroscopy STEM tomography and atom probe tomography is also discussed.
Zero and first-degree spline multiwavelets and parallel computing
Authors: Shumilov B M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The paper considers the Haar-like multiwavelets of zero degree splines (step functions) and first-degree splines (broken lines). In contrast to the use of the wavelet transforms based on the Hermitian spline-multiwavelets, the approach proposed does not require the calculation of approximate values of derivatives. On the other hand, the parallelization effect does not rigidly relate to the degree of a spline. This can lead to a significant computation speedup due to the parallel processing of the measured values by several (instead of one) filters. The results of numerical calculations are compared to the known analogs.
Some properties of the classification algorithms using ensemble kernels
Authors: Odinokikh N , Berikov V 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we study the properties of the KCCE algorithm (Kernel-based Classification with Cluster Ensemble) proposed in our previous publication. Different strategies for choosing the ensemble weights are investigated from the point of view of their influence on the quality and speed of the algorithm. We perform numerical experiments with the algorithm on real datasets from the UCI repository under conditions of artificially added noise at different levels.
The development of a system for automated ontology building based on heterogeneous ontology design patterns
Authors: Zagorulko Y A , Borovikova O I , Zagorulko G B 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Currently, ontologies have become the main means of formalizing and systematizing knowledge and data in scientific subject domains (SSDs). In this regard, there is an urgent need for the methods and software tools allowing to involve specialists from different scientific subject domains in the process of ontology building. A possible way to solve this problem is to use ontology design patterns (ODPs). The paper presents an approach to the development of a system supporting the automated construction of the SSD ontologies based on ontology design patterns, which are the formal descriptions of field-proven solutions to typical ontological modeling problems. The main components of this system are repositories of heterogeneous ODPs and basic ontologies, including concepts common to most SSDs, and editors of patterns and ontologies used to build and populate ontologies.