bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guanine crystals regulated by chitin-based honeycomb frameworks for tunable structural colors of sapphirinid copepod, Sapphirina nigromaculata
Authors: Kimura Tsubasa , Takasaki Mihiro , Hatai Ryosuke , Nagai Yukiko , Uematsu Katsuyuki , Oaki Yuya , Osada Minoru , Tsuda Hiroyuki , Ishigure Takaaki , Toyofuku Takashi , Shimode Shinji , Imai Hiroaki 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSapphirinid copepods, which are marine zooplankton, exhibit tunable structural colors originating from a layered structure of guanine crystal plates. In the present study, the coloring portion of adult male of a sapphirinid copepod, Sapphirina nigromaculata, under the dorsal body surface was characterized to clarify the regulation and actuation mechanism of the layered guanine crystals for spectral control. The coloring portions are separated into small domains 70–100 µm wide consisting of an ordered array of stacked hexagonal plates ~1.5 µm wide and ~80 nm thick. We found the presence of chitin-based honeycomb frameworks that are composed of flat compartments regulating the guanine crystal plates. The structural color is deduced to be tuned from blue to achromatic via yellow and purple by changing the interplate distance according to vital observation and optical simulation using a photonic array model. The framework structures are essential for the organization and actuation of the particular photonic arrays for the exhibition of the tunable structural color.
A recombinant avian paramyxovirus serotype 3 expressing the hemagglutinin protein protects chickens against H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus challenge
Authors: Shirvani Edris , Varghese Berin P. , Paldurai Anandan , Samal Siba K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHighly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is a devastating disease of poultry and a serious threat to public health. Vaccination with inactivated virus vaccines has been applied for several years as one of the major policies to control highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) infections in chickens. Viral-vectored HA protein vaccines are a desirable alternative for inactivated vaccines. However, each viral vector possesses its own advantages and disadvantages for the development of a HA-based vaccine against HPAIV. Recombinant Newcastle disease virus (rNDV) strain LaSota expressing HA protein vaccine has shown promising results against HPAIV; however, its replication is restricted only to the respiratory tract. Therefore, we thought to evaluate avian paramyxovirus serotype 3 (APMV-3) strain Netherlands as a safe vaccine vector against HPAIV, which has high efficiency replication in a greater range of host organs. In this study, we generated rAPMV-3 expressing the HA protein of H5N1 HPAIV using reverse genetics and evaluated the induction of neutralizing antibodies and protection by rAPMV3 and rNDV expressing the HA protein against HPAIV challenge in chickens. Our results showed that immunization of chickens with rAPMV-3 or rNDV expressing HA protein provided complete protection against HPAIV challenge. However, immunization of chickens with rAPMV-3 expressing HA protein induced higher level of neutralizing antibodies compared to that of rNDV expressing HA protein. These results suggest that a rAPMV-3 expressing HA protein might be a better vaccine for mass-vaccination of commercial chickens in field conditions.
Domestication process modifies digestion ability in larvae of Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis), a freshwater Teleostei
Authors: Palińska-Żarska Katarzyna , Woźny Maciej , Kamaszewski Maciej , Szudrowicz Hubert , Brzuzan Paweł , Żarski Daniel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo date, a comparative analysis of larval performance and digestion abilities between wild and domesticated Eurasian perch has not yet been performed. Eurasian perch larvae from wild and domesticated spawners were reared in the same conditions and at different development stages, growth performance variables, the expression of genes encoding digestive enzymes and specific enzymatic activity were analysed. No significant differences in hatching rate, deformity rate or swim bladder inflation effectiveness between wild and domesticated larvae were found. Specific growth rate, final total length and wet body weight were significantly lower in wild larvae, whereas higher mortality in wild larvae was observed compared to domesticated larvae. The data obtained in this study clearly indicate that during domestication, significant modification of digestion ability occurs at the very beginning of ontogeny, where domesticated fish are characterised by lower enzymatic activity and lower expression of genes encoding digestive enzymes. This probably results from the low diversity of the food offered in culture conditions, which significantly modified digestion capability. The obtained data provide an understanding of how domestication affects fish in aquaculture and may improve the planning of selective breeding programs of Eurasian perch and other freshwater Teleosts.
Elucidation of protein biomarkers for verification of selected biological warfare agents using tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Rajoria Sakshi , Sabna Sasikumar , Babele Prabhakar , Kumar Ravi Bhushan , Kamboj Dev Vrat , Kumar Subodh , Alam Syed Imteyaz 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSome pathogens and toxins have the potential to be used as weapons of mass destruction and instigate population-based fear. Efforts to mitigate biothreat require development of efficient countermeasures which in turn relies on fast and accurate methods to detect the biological agents in a range of complex matrices including environmental and clinical samples. We report here an mass spectrometry (MS) based methodology, employing both targeted and shot-gun approaches for the verification of biological agents from the environmental samples. Our shot-gun methodology relied on tandem MS analysis of abundant peptides from the spiked samples, whereas, the targeted method was based on an extensive elucidation of marker proteins and unique peptides resulting in the generation of an inclusion list of masses reflecting relevant peptides for the unambiguous identification of nine bacterial species [listed as priority agents of bioterrorism by Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)] belonging to phylogenetically diverse genera. The marker peptides were elucidated by extensive literature mining, in silico analysis, and tandem MS (MS/MS) analysis of abundant proteins of the cultivated bacterial species in our laboratory. A combination of shot-gun MS/MS analysis and the targeted search using a panel of unique peptides is likely to provide unambiguous verification of biological agents at sub-species level, even with limited fractionation of crude protein extracts from environmental samples. The comprehensive list of peptides reflected in the inclusion list, makes a valuable resource for the multiplex analysis of select biothreat agents and further development of targeted MS/MS assays.
Ryanodine receptor modulation by caffeine challenge modifies Na+ current properties in intact murine skeletal muscle fibres
Authors: Sarbjit-Singh Sahib S. , Matthews Hugh R. , Huang Christopher L.-H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe investigated effects of the ryanodine receptor (RyR) modulator caffeine on Na+ current (INa) activation and inactivation in intact loose-patch clamped murine skeletal muscle fibres subject to a double pulse procedure. INa activation was examined using 10-ms depolarising, V1, steps to varying voltages 0–80 mV positive to resting membrane potential. The dependence of the subsequent, INa inactivation on V1 was examined by superimposed, V2, steps to a fixed depolarising voltage. Current-voltage activation and inactivation curves indicated that adding 0.5 and 2 mM caffeine prior to establishing the patch seal respectively produced decreased (within 1 min) and increased (after ~2 min) peak INa followed by its recovery to pretreatment levels (after ~40 and ~30 min respectively). These changes accompanied negative shifts in the voltage dependence of INa inactivation (within 10 min) and subsequent superimposed positive activation and inactivation shifts, following 0.5 mM caffeine challenge. In contrast, 2 mM caffeine elicited delayed negative shifts in both activation and inactivation. These effects were abrogated if caffeine was added after establishing the patch seal or with RyR block by 10 μM dantrolene. These effects precisely paralleled previous reports of persistently (~10 min) increased cytosolic [Ca2+] with 0.5 mM, and an early peak rapidly succeeded by persistently reduced [Ca2+] likely reflecting gradual RyR inactivation with ≥1.0 mM caffeine. The latter findings suggested inhibitory effects of even resting cytosolic [Ca2+] on INa. They suggest potentially physiologically significant negative feedback regulation of RyR activity on Nav1.4 properties through increased or decreased local cytosolic [Ca2+], Ca2+-calmodulin and FKBP12.
Quantification of floating riverine macro-debris transport using an image processing approach
Authors: Kataoka Tomoya , Nihei Yasuo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA new algorithm has been developed to quantify floating macro-debris transport on river surfaces that consists of three fundamental techniques: (1) generating a difference image of the colour difference between the debris and surrounding water in the CIELuv colour space, (2) detecting the debris pixels from the difference image, and (3) calculating the debris area flux via the template matching method. Debris pixels were accurately detected from the images taken of the laboratory channel and river water surfaces and were consistent with those detected by visual observation. The area fluxes were statistically significantly correlated with the mass fluxes measured through debris collection. The mass fluxes calculated by multiplying the area fluxes with the debris mass per unit area (M/A) were significantly related to the flood rising stage flow rates and agreed with the mass fluxes measured through debris collection. In our algorithm, plastic mass fluxes can be estimated via calibration using the mass percentage of plastics to the total debris in target rivers. Quantifying riverine macro-plastic transport is essential to formulating countermeasures, mitigating adverse plastic pollution impacts and understanding global-scale riverine macro-plastic transport.
Ablation of soft tissue tumours by long needle variable electrode-geometry electrochemotherapy: final report from a single-arm, single-centre phase-2 study
Authors: Simioni Andrea , Valpione Sara , Granziera Elisa , Rossi Carlo Riccardo , Cavallin Francesco , Spina Romina , Sieni Elisabetta , Aliberti Camillo , Stramare Roberto , Campana Luca Giovanni 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStandard electrochemotherapy (ECT) is effective in many tumour types but is confined to the treatment of small superficial lesions. Variable electrode-geometry ECT (VEG-ECT) may overcome these limitations by using long freely-placeable electrodes. Patients with bulky or deep-seated soft-tissue malignancies not amenable to resection participated in a single-arm phase-2 study (ISRCTN.11667954) and received a single course of VEG-ECT with intravenous bleomycin (15,000 IU/m2) and concomitant electric pulses applied through an adjustable electrode array. The primary outcome was radiologic complete response rate (CRR) per RECIST; secondary endpoints included feasibility, metabolic response, toxicity (CTCAE), local progression-free survival (LPFS) and patient perception (EQ-5D). During 2009–2014, we enrolled 30 patients with trunk/limb sarcomas, melanoma, Merkel-cell carcinoma, and colorectal/lung cancer. Median tumour size was 4.7 cm. Electrode probes were placed under US/TC guidance (28 and 2 patients, respectively). Median procedure duration was 80 minutes. Tumour coverage rate was 97% (29 of 30 patients). Perioperative side-effects were negligible; one patient experienced grade-3 ulceration and infection. One-month 18F-FDG-SUV decreased by 86%; CRR was 63% (95% CI 44–79%). Local control was durable in 24 of 30 patients (two-year LPFS, 62%). Patients reported an improvement in “usual activities”, “anxiety/depression”, and “overall health” scores. VEG-ECT demonstrated encouraging antitumour activity in soft-tissue malignancies; a single course of treatment produced high and durable responses, with low complications.
Investigating sources of inaccuracy in wearable optical heart rate sensors
Authors: Bent Brinnae , Goldstein Benjamin A. , Kibbe Warren A. , Dunn Jessilyn P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAs wearable technologies are being increasingly used for clinical research and healthcare, it is critical to understand their accuracy and determine how measurement errors may affect research conclusions and impact healthcare decision-making. Accuracy of wearable technologies has been a hotly debated topic in both the research and popular science literature. Currently, wearable technology companies are responsible for assessing and reporting the accuracy of their products, but little information about the evaluation method is made publicly available. Heart rate measurements from wearables are derived from photoplethysmography (PPG), an optical method for measuring changes in blood volume under the skin. Potential inaccuracies in PPG stem from three major areas, includes (1) diverse skin types, (2) motion artifacts, and (3) signal crossover. To date, no study has systematically explored the accuracy of wearables across the full range of skin tones. Here, we explored heart rate and PPG data from consumer- and research-grade wearables under multiple circumstances to test whether and to what extent these inaccuracies exist. We saw no statistically significant difference in accuracy across skin tones, but we saw significant differences between devices, and between activity types, notably, that absolute error during activity was, on average, 30% higher than during rest. Our conclusions indicate that different wearables are all reasonably accurate at resting and prolonged elevated heart rate, but that differences exist between devices in responding to changes in activity. This has implications for researchers, clinicians, and consumers in drawing study conclusions, combining study results, and making health-related decisions using these devices.
Differential regulation of sFlt-1 splicing by U2AF65 and JMJD6 in placental-derived and endothelial cells
Authors: Eddy Adrian C. , Chapman Heather , Brown David T. , George Eric M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Despite years of study, the gestational disorder preeclampsia (PE) remains poorly understood. One proposed mechanism of PE development is increased soluble VEGF receptor-1 (sFlt-1), ultimately causing angiogenic imbalance and endothelial dysfunction. The soluble protein is an alternative splice variant of FLT1, which also encodes for the full-length receptor Flt-1. The mechanism of the alternative splicing, and the reason for its inappropriate increase in preeclampsia, is not well understood. U2 auxiliary factor 65 (U2AF65) and jumonji C domain-containing protein 6 (JMJD6) have been implicated in the splicing of sFlt-1. Using siRNA knockdown and plasmid overexpression in immortalized placental trophoblasts (BeWo) and primary endothelial cells (HUVECs), we examined the role these proteins play in production of sFlt-1. Our results showed that U2AF65 has little, if any, effect on sFlt-1 splicing, and JMJD6 may enhance sFlt-1 splicing, but is not necessary for splicing to occur. Utilizing a hypoxic environment to mimic conditions of the preeclamptic placenta, as well as examining placentae in the reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) model of PE, which exhibits increased circulating sFlt-1, we found increased expression of JMJD6 in both hypoxic cells and placental tissue. Additionally, we observed a potential role for U2AF65 and JMJD6 to regulate the extracellular matrix enzyme heparanase, which may be involved in the release of sFlt-1 protein from the extracellular matrix. It will be important to study the role of these proteins in different tissues in the future, as changes in expression had differential effects on sFlt-1 splicing in the different cell types studied here.
Long non-coding RNA HAL suppresses the migration and invasion of serous ovarian cancer by inhibiting EMT signaling pathway
Authors: Wu Ke , Li Lei , Li Lin , Wang Dong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the specific function of long non-coding RNA HAL in serous ovarian cancer (SOC) and to further clarify the regulation of HAL on EMT pathway.
Materials and methods: The expression of HAL and TWIST1 was detected by qRT-PCR. CCK8 assay, wound healing assay, transwell assay and flow cytometry were used to detect the HAL function on proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis in SOC cells. Western blot was used to calculate protein level of Vimentin, N-cadherin and E-cadherin. The effect of HAL on tumorigenesis of SOC was confirmed by xenograft nude mice model.
Results: HAL was significantly decreased in SOC tissues and cells. Overexpression of HAL inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of SKOV3 cells, but promoted apoptosis. Furthermore, overexpression of HAL decreased the mRNA and protein levels of TWIST1 via a binding between HAL and TWIST1. Forced expression of TWIST1 reversed the inhibitory role of HAL on SOC cells’ migration and invasion. The in vivo tumor growth assay showed that HAL suppressed SOC tumorigenesis with inhibiting EMT pathway.
Conclusions: Our research emphasized HAL acting as a tumor-inhibiting gene by regulating EMT signaling pathway, thus providing some novel experimental basis for clinical treatment of SOC.
Wide field-of-view study of the Eagle Nebula with the Fourier transform imaging spectrograph SITELLE at CFHT
Authors: Flagey N. , McLeod A. F. , Aguilar L. , Prunet S. 
Published: February 2020

Context. We present the very first wide-field, 11′ by 11′, optical spectral mapping of M 16, one of the most famous star-forming regions in the Galaxy. The data were acquired with the new imaging Fourier transform spectrograph SITELLE mounted on the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT). We obtained three spectral cubes with a resolving power of 10 000 (SN1 filter), 1500 (SN2 filter) and 600 (SN3 filter), centered on the iconic Pillars of Creation and the HH 216 flow, covering the main optical nebular emission lines, namely [O II]λ3726,29 (SN1), Hβ, [O III]λ4959,5007 (SN2), [N II]λ6548,84, Hα, and [S II]λ6717,31 (SN3).
Aims. We validate the performance, calibration, and data reduction of SITELLE, and analyze the structures in the large field-of-view in terms of their kinematics and nebular emission.
Methods. We compared the SITELLE data to MUSE integral field observations and other spectroscopic and narrow-band imaging data to validate the performance of SITELLE. We computed gas-phase metallicities via the strong-line method, performed a pixel-by-pixel fit to the main emission lines to derive kinematics of the ionized gas, computed the mass-loss rate of the Eastern pillar (also known as the Spire), and combined the SITELLE data with near-infrared narrow-band imaging to characterize the HH 216 flow.
Results. The comparison with previously published fluxes demonstrates very good agreement. We disentangle the dependence of the gas-phase metallicities (derived via abundance-tracing line ratios) on the degree of ionization and obtain metallicities that are in excellent agreement with the literature. We confirm the bipolar structure of HH 216, find evidence for episodic accretion from the source of the flow, and identify its likely driving source. We compute the mass-loss rate Ṁ of the Spire pillar on the East side of the H II region and find excellent agreement with the correlation between the mass-loss rate and the ionizing photon flux from the nearby cluster NGC 6611.
The ambiguous transient ASASSN-17hx
Authors: Mason Elena , Shore Steven N. , Kuin Paul , Bohlsen Terry 
Published: February 2020

Aims. Some transients, although classified as novae based on their maximum and early decline optical spectra, cast doubts on their true nature, and raise the question of whether nova impostors might exist.
Methods. We monitored a candidate nova that displayed a distinctly unusual light curve at maximum and early decline through optical spectroscopy (3000–10 000 Å, 500 < R < 100 000) complemented with Swift UV and AAVSO optical photometry. We use the spectral line series to characterize the ejecta dynamics, structure, and mass.
Results. We find that the ejecta are in free ballistic expansion and have a typical classical nova structure. However, their derived mass is at least an order of magnitude higher than the typical ejecta masses obtained for classical novae. Specifically, we find Mej ≃9 × 10−3 M⊙ independent of the distance for a filling factor ε = 1. By constraining the distance we derived ε in the range 0.08–0.10, giving a mass 7 × 10−4 ≲ Mej ≲ 9 × 10−4 M⊙. The nebular spectrum, characterized by unusually strong coronal emission lines, confines the ionizing source energy to the range 20–250 eV, possibly peaking in the range 75–100 or 75–150 eV.
Conclusions. We link this source to other slow novae that show similar behavior, and we suggest that they might form a distinct physical subgroup. The sources may result from a classical nova explosion occurring on a very low-mass white dwarf or they may be impostors for an entirely different type of transient.
Solar Rossby waves observed in GONG++ ring-diagram flow maps
Authors: Hanson Chris S. , Gizon Laurent , Liang Zhi-Chao 
Published: February 2020

Context. Solar Rossby waves have only recently been unambiguously identified in Helioseimsic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) and Michelson Doppler Imager maps of flows near the solar surface. So far this has not been done with the Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) ground-based observations, which have different noise properties.
Aims. We use 17 years of GONG++ data to identify and characterize solar Rossby waves using ring-diagram helioseismology. We compare directly with HMI ring-diagram analysis.
Methods. Maps of the radial vorticity were obtained for flows within the top 2 Mm of the surface for 17 years of GONG++ data. The data were corrected for systematic effects including the annual periodicity related to the B0 angle. We then computed the Fourier components of the radial vorticity of the flows in the co-rotating frame. We performed the same analysis on the HMI data that overlap in time.
Results. We find that the solar Rossby waves have measurable amplitudes in the GONG++ sectoral power spectra for azimuthal orders between m = 3 and m = 15. The measured mode characteristics (frequencies, lifetimes, and amplitudes) from GONG++ are consistent with the HMI measurements in the overlap period from 2010 to 2018 for m ≤ 9. For higher-m modes the amplitudes and frequencies agree within two sigmas. The signal-to-noise ratio of modes in GONG++ power spectra is comparable to those of HMI for 8 ≤ m ≤ 11, but is lower by a factor of two for other modes.
Conclusions. The GONG++ data provide a long and uniform data set that can be used to study solar global-scale Rossby waves from 2001.