bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late Palaeozoic strike-slip tectonics versus oroclinal bending at the SW outskirts of Baltica: case of the Variscan belt’s eastern end in Poland
Authors: Mazur Stanislaw , Aleksandrowski Paweł , Gągała Łukasz , Krzywiec Piotr , Żaba Jerzy , Gaidzik Krzysztof , Sikora Rafał 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGeophysical and geological data from the eastern sector of the Central European Variscan belt are presented and reviewed in the regional tectonic context. Matched filtering of isostatic gravity, guided by results of spectral analysis, along with other derivatives of gravity and magnetic fields reveal a dominant WNW–ESE-trending pre-Permian structural grain in the external zones of the Variscan belt in Poland. This trend is confirmed by regional distribution of dips in Carboniferous and Devonian strata that were penetrated by boreholes beneath Permian-Mesozoic sediments. Based on these data, two alternative concepts explaining the connection of the Variscan belt and its NE foreland, those of strike-slip tectonics versus oroclinal bending, are discussed. The WNW–ESE structural trend in the Variscan foreland is parallel to a set of major strike-slip fault zones in the area, including those of Upper Elbe, Intra-Sudetic, Odra, Dolsk and Kraków-Lubliniec. These faults are considered to convey a significant dextral displacement between Laurussia and Gondwana. The revised position of the Variscan deformation front shows a similar, uninterrupted, generally WNW–ESE trend, up to the SE border of Poland, which indicates an initial continuation of the Variscan belt into the area of the present-day Western Carpathians. The geometry of the Variscan deformation front along with the pattern of the Variscan structural grain are inconsistent with the idea of an oroclinal loop affecting the external, non-metamorphic Variscan belt. However, the data presented do not entirely rule out an oroclinal loop within the Variscan internides. The still possible options are (1) a semi-oroclinal model postulating ~ 90° bending of the Variscan tectonostratigraphic zones into parallelism with the WNW–ESE strike-slip faults or (2) an orocline limited only to the belt linking the Wolsztyn High and Moravo-Silesian non- to weakly-metamorphic fold-and-thrust belt. Regardless of the kinematic model preferred, our data indicate that structural evolution of the Polish Variscides was concluded with the end-Carboniferous NNE–SSW shortening that resulted in the present-day extent of the Variscan deformation front.
Resource-efficient fast prediction in healthcare data analytics: A pruned Random Forest regression approach
Authors: Fawagreh Khaled , Gaber Mohamed Medhat 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn predictive healthcare data analytics, high accuracy is both vital and paramount as low accuracy can lead to misdiagnosis, which is known to cause serious health consequences or death. Fast prediction is also considered an important desideratum particularly for machines and mobile devices with limited memory and processing power. For real-time health care analytics applications, particularly the ones that run on mobile devices, such traits (high accuracy and fast prediction) are highly desirable. In this paper, we propose to use an ensemble regression technique based on CLUB-DRF, which is a pruned Random Forest that possesses these features. The speed and accuracy of the method have been demonstrated by an experimental study on three medical data sets of three different diseases.
Spatial distribution of malignant transformation in patients with low-grade glioma
Authors: Jakola Asgeir S. , Bouget David , Reinertsen Ingerid , Skjulsvik Anne J. , Sagberg Lisa Millgård , Bø Hans Kristian , Gulati Sasha , Sjåvik Kristin , Solheim Ole 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Malignant transformation represents the natural evolution of diffuse low-grade gliomas (LGG). This is a catastrophic event, causing neurocognitive symptoms, intensified treatment and premature death. However, little is known concerning the spatial distribution of malignant transformation in patients with LGG.

Materials and methods
Patients histopathological diagnosed with LGG and subsequent radiological malignant transformation were identified from two different institutions. We evaluated the spatial distribution of malignant transformation with (1) visual inspection and (2) segmentations of longitudinal tumor volumes. In (1) a radiological transformation site < 2 cm from the tumor on preceding MRI was defined local transformation. In (2) overlap with pretreatment volume after importation into a common space was defined as local transformation. With a centroid model we explored if there were particular patterns of transformations within relevant subgroups.

Results
We included 43 patients in the clinical evaluation, and 36 patients had MRIs scans available for longitudinal segmentations. Prior to malignant transformation, residual radiological tumor volumes were > 10 ml in 93% of patients. The transformation site was considered local in 91% of patients by clinical assessment. Patients treated with radiotherapy prior to transformation had somewhat lower rate of local transformations (83%). Based upon the segmentations, the transformation was local in 92%. We did not observe any particular pattern of transformations in examined molecular subgroups.

Conclusion
Malignant transformation occurs locally and within the T2w hyperintensities in most patients. Although LGG is an infiltrating disease, this data conceptually strengthens the role of loco-regional treatments in patients with LGG.
While I breathe, I hope. Principles of palliative care in chronic breathlessness and advanced lung diseases
Authors: Masel Eva Katharina 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThe ancient Latin quote Dum spiro, spero from Cicero means While I breathe, I hope. This article outlines five clinically relevant principles for pulmonary palliative care to treat chronic breathlessness in advanced lung diseases: (1) be aware of the finality of life, (2) palliative care does not mean “doing nothing”, (3) consider interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary therapeutic concepts, (4) conduct future talks and (5) use opioids for refractory breathlessness and think of treatable causes of respiratory distress.
Two Decades of Same-Sex Marriage in Sweden: A Demographic Account of Developments in Marriage, Childbearing, and Divorce
Authors: Kolk Martin , Andersson Gunnar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this study, we provide demographic insight into the still relatively new family form of same-sex marriage. We focus on period trends in same-sex marriage formation and divorce during 1995–2012 in Sweden and the role of childbearing in same-sex unions. The period begins with the introduction of registered partnership for same-sex couples and also covers the introduction of formal same-sex marriage in 2009. We use register data for the complete population of Sweden to contrast patterns in male and female same-sex marriage formation and divorce. We show that female same-sex union formation increased rapidly over the period, while trends for male same-sex unions increased less. The introduction of same-sex marriage legislation in 2009 appears to have had little effect on the pace of formation of same-sex unions. In contrast, legal changes supporting parental rights in same-sex unions may have fueled the formation of female same-sex marriages as well as parenthood in such unions. Further, we show that divorce risks in the marital unions of two women are much higher than in other types of marriages. We find some convergence of divorce risks across union types at the end of our study period: male same-sex unions have the same divorce risk levels as opposite-sex marriages, and the elevated risks of divorce in female same-sex unions appear to have stabilized at somewhat lower levels than those observed in the late 1990s.
Pain and delirium: mechanisms, assessment, and management
Authors: Sampson Elizabeth L. , West Emily , Fischer Thomas 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Pain and delirium are common problems for older people. Both conditions are prevalent in acute hospital settings. In people living in the community, delirium often precipitates presentation to the emergency department. Pain and delirium are known to interact in a complex and multidirectional way. This can make it challenging for staff to recognize and treat pain in people with delirium.

Methods
This paper aims to explore the complex relationship between pain and delirium and on pain assessment in delirium, drawing together evidence from a range of settings including acute medical, cardiac and orthopaedic post-operative cohorts, as well as from aged care.

Results
A limited number of studies suggest there is an association between pain and delirium; however, this is a complex, particularly where analgesics which may-themselves cause delirium are prescribed. Factors acting on the pathway between pain and delirium may include depression, sleep deprivation and disturbance of the cholinergic system. Delirium affects the ability to self-report pain. The fluctuating nature of delirium as well as reduced awareness and attention may challenge practitioners in recognizing, assessing and treating pain. Evidence concerning the reliability and validity of current observational and self-assessment tools in people with delirium is unclear but some show promise in this population.

Conclusion
The current evidence base regarding assessing pain in people with delirium is lacking. Tentative recommendations, drawing on current guidelines require robust testing. Guidelines for people with pain and dementia require adaptations regarding the unique characteristics of delirium. The complex interplay between dementia, pain and delirium warrants further investigation across a range of settings.
Self‐compassion and family cohesion moderate the association between suicide ideation and suicide attempts in Chinese adolescents
Authors: Sun Ruohan , Ren Yaxuan , Li Xiaoan , Jiang Yongqiang , Liu Sihan , You Jianing 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn recent years, many studies have examined risks factors that facilitated the transition from suicide ideation to suicide attempts. Few studies, however, have examined protective factors against this transition. The current study thus assessed two protective factors, self‐compassion and family cohesion, in buffering the transition from suicide ideation to suicide attempts.MethodA number of 520 Chinese adolescents (43.46% females, mean age = 12.96 years) completed questionnaires assessing self‐compassion, family cohesion, suicide ideation, and suicide attempts two times with a 12‐month interval.ResultsSelf‐compassion significantly moderated the association between Wave 1 SI and later SA. The positive dimension of self‐compassion thwarted the transition from SI and SA, and the negative dimension of self‐compassion strengthened the associations. In addition, family cohesion also significantly moderated the transition from SI to SA.ConclusionIncreasing the levels of self‐compassion and family cohesion may be the targets for treating adolescents with suicide ideation to prevent them from attempting suicide.
Debris-bed friction during glacier sliding with ice–bed separation
Authors: Iverson Neal R. , Helanow Christian , Zoet Lucas K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTheory and experiments indicate that ice–bed separation during glacier slip over 2-D hard beds causes basal shear stress to reach a maximum at a particular slip velocity and decrease at higher velocities. We use the sliding theory of Lliboutry (1968) to explore how friction between debris particles in sliding ice and a rock bed affects this relationship between shear stress and slip velocity. Particle–bed contact forces and associated debris friction increase with increasing slip velocity, owing to increased rates of ice convergence with up-glacier facing surfaces. However, debris friction on diminished areas of the bed counteracts this effect as cavities grow. Thus, friction from debris alone increases only slightly with slip velocity, and for sediment particles larger than ~60 mm in diameter, debris friction peaks and decreases with increasing slip velocity. The effect on the sliding relationship is to steepen its rising limb and shift its shear stress peak to a slightly higher velocity. These results, which exclude the effect of debris friction on cavity size and debris concentrations above ~15%, indicate that the effect of debris in ice is to increase basal shear stress but not significantly change the form of the sliding relationship.
Pathogens causing central-line–associated bloodstream infections in acute-care hospitals—United States, 2011–2017
Authors: Novosad Shannon A. , Fike Lucy , Dudeck Margaret A. , Allen-Bridson Katherine , Edwards Jonathan R. , Edens Chris , Sinkowitz-Cochran Ronda , Powell Krista , Kuhar David 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjective:To describe pathogen distribution and rates for central-line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) from different acute-care locations during 2011–2017 to inform prevention efforts.Methods:CLABSI data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) were analyzed. Percentages and pooled mean incidence density rates were calculated for a variety of pathogens and stratified by acute-care location groups (adult intensive care units [ICUs], pediatric ICUs [PICUs], adult wards, pediatric wards, and oncology wards).Results:From 2011 to 2017, 136,264 CLABSIs were reported to the NHSN by adult and pediatric acute-care locations; adult ICUs and wards reported the most CLABSIs: 59,461 (44%) and 40,763 (30%), respectively. In 2017, the most common pathogens were Candida spp/yeast in adult ICUs (27%) and Enterobacteriaceae in adult wards, pediatric wards, oncology wards, and PICUs (23%–31%). Most pathogen-specific CLABSI rates decreased over time, excepting Candida spp/yeast in adult ICUs and Enterobacteriaceae in oncology wards, which increased, and Staphylococcus aureus rates in pediatric locations, which did not change.Conclusions:The pathogens associated with CLABSIs differ across acute-care location groups. Learning how pathogen-targeted prevention efforts could augment current prevention strategies, such as strategies aimed at preventing Candida spp/yeast and Enterobacteriaceae CLABSIs, might further reduce national rates.
The Normalization of U.S. Policy Toward Cuba? Rapprochement and Regional Hegemony
Authors: Biegon Rubrick 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTThis article examines change and continuity in the United States' recent foreign policy toward Cuba. In the context of the posthegemonic regionalism of the Pink Tide and regional disputes over Cuba's position in the interamerican system, the Obama administration's rapprochement was driven to protect the institutional power and consensual features of U.S. hegemony in the Americas. The Trump administration reversed aspects of Obama's normalization policy, adopting a more coercive approach to Cuba and to Latin America more broadly. Against the emerging scholarly proposition that the international relations of the Americas have crossed a posthegemonic threshold, this analysis utilizes a neo-Gramscian approach to argue that the oscillations in U.S. Cuba policy represent strategic shifts in a broader process of hegemonic reconstitution. The article thus situates U.S. policy toward Cuba in regional structures, institutions, and dynamics.
Inferring the extinction of species known only from a single specimen
Authors: Roberts David L. , Jarić Ivan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMany species are poorly known, with the sum of our knowledge represented by specimens in museums. For assessment of conservation status the most enigmatic and challenging species are probably those known only from a single specimen. We examine the potential persistence of such species using the orchid flora of Madagascar as a case study. We apply a statistical method that tests the likelihood of species presence in relation to the time when a species was collected and a measure of annual collection effort, calculated in three ways based on specimen collection over time. The results suggest that as of 2000 up to nine of the 236 orchid species known from a single specimen may be inferred to be extinct under at least one of the three methods of estimating collection effort and extinction. In addition, up to two additional species are likely to be extinct by 2018 assuming no new collections were made by that time. Substantial collection effort and/or additional evidence will be needed to reach a decision on the persistence of more recently observed species known only from a single collection. This represents a challenge for conservation practitioners.
In cellulo FRET-FLIM and single molecule tracking reveal the supra-molecular organization of the pyoverdine bio-synthetic enzymes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Gasser Véronique , Malrieu Morgane , Forster Anne , Mély Yves , Schalk Isabelle J. , Godet Julien 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe bio-synthesis of pyoverdine (PVD) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa involves multiple enzymatic steps including the action of non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs). One hallmark of NRPS is their ability to make usage of non-proteinogenic amino-acids synthesized by co-expressed accessory enzymes. It is generally proposed that different enzymes of a secondary metabolic pathway assemble into large supra-molecular complexes. However, evidence for the assembly of sequential enzymes in the cellular context is sparse. Here, we used in cellulo single-molecule tracking and Förster resonance energy transfer measured by fluorescence lifetime microscopy (FRET-FLIM) to explore the spatial partitioning of the ornithine hydroxylase PvdA and its interactions with NRPS. We found PvdA was mostly diffusing bound to large complexes in the cytoplasm with a small exchangeable trapped fraction. FRET-FLIM clearly showed that PvdA is physically interacting with PvdJ, PvdI, PvdL, and PvdD, the four NRPS involved in the PVD pathway in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. The binding modes of PvdA were strikingly different according to the NRPS it is interacting with, suggesting that PvdA binding sites have co-evolved with the enzymatic active sites of NRPS. Our data provide evidence for strongly organized multi-enzymatic complexes responsible for the bio-synthesis of PVD and illustrate how binding sites have evolved to finely control the co-localization of sequential enzymes and promote metabolic pathway efficiency.
THE ALLIED NEUTRAL? PORTUGUESE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS WITH THE UK AND GERMANY IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR, 1939-1945
Authors: Golson Eric 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTIn September 1939, Portugal made a realist strategic choice to preserve the Portuguese Empire maintaining by its neutrality and also remaining an ally of Great Britain. While the Portuguese could rely largely on their colonies for raw materials to sustain the mainland, the country had long depended on British transportation for these goods and the Portuguese military. With the British priority now given to war transportation, Portugal's economy and Empire were particularly vulnerable. The Portuguese dictator Antonio Salazar sought to mitigate this damage by maintaining particularly friendly financial relations with the British government, including increased exports of Portuguese merchandise and services and permission to accumulate credits in Sterling to cover deficits in the balance of payments. This paper gives an improved set of comprehensive statistics for the Anglo-Portuguese and German–Portuguese relationships, reported in Pounds and according to international standards. The reported statistics include the trade in merchandise, services, capital flows, loans and third-party transfers of funds in favour of the British account. When compared with the German statistics, the Anglo-Portuguese figures show the Portuguese government favoured the British in financial relations, an active choice by Salazar to maintain the Portuguese Empire.
THE INFLUENCE OF EMOTIONAL AND FOREIGN LANGUAGE CONTEXT IN CONTENT LEARNING
Authors: Frances Candice , De Bruin Angela , Duñabeitia Jon Andoni 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPrior research has found reduced emotionality with foreign language use, especially with single words, but what happens if emotionality is conveyed throughout a longer text? Does emotionality affect how well we remember and associate information, that is, content learning? We played participants descriptions of two invented countries and tested how well they remembered facts about these countries. Each participant listened to one positive and one neutral description, which was read either in their native language (Spanish) or in their foreign language (English). Participants remembered facts they heard in positive semantic contexts better than those learned in neutral semantic contexts and did better in their native than their foreign language. Importantly, there was no interaction between language and emotionality, suggesting that the previously reported decrease in emotionality in a foreign language might not extend to all areas of foreign language use.
MEASUREMENT IN CACAXTLA: A MULTICULTURAL AND SYMBOLIC CONVERGENCE
Authors: Lucet Geneviève 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFrom the analysis of the mural paintings at Cacaxtla, it was determined that the painters shared a system of measurement with the builders of this site and those of the Puuc area. In the Maya area, the basic unit was divided into subunits that measured its ninth and sixteenth parts but the division system found in Cacaxtla corroborates this information and shows that it derived from working in situ with a string that is folded in half or in thirds in a repetitive manner. Study of the composition of the paintings shows the use of a grid, a resource widely used in Mesoamerica. Furthermore, the use of units of measurement found in Teotihuacan and Nahua culture in combination with the zapal system open the discussion about measurement as a resource for creating meaning. This expression must be contextualized in the multicultural expressions found in the paintings and this period of political reconfiguration, the Epiclassic (a.d. 650–950).The systems used to measure distances, time, liquids, and weights come from concepts and knowledge developed over centuries. Progressively, these systems were incorporated into shared customary systems among specific populations, thus integrating a series of factors specific to the culture of the social group that generated them (Morley and Renfrew 2010; Renfrew and Morley 2010). Different features stand out in this collective social construction, mainly regarding what is measured (sometimes in reference to something physical and sometimes a concept), the type of reference measurements used (for example, with or without relation to the human body), the way of relating what is large with that which is small, and the way in which the measurement is applied to the object.