bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An H3-K9-me-independent binding of Swi6/HP1 to siRNA-DNA hybrids initiates heterochromatin assembly at cognate dg-dh repeats in Fission Yeast
Authors: Kumar Jyotsna , Haldar Swati , Gupta Neelima , Kumar Viney , Thakur Manisha , Chandradoss Keerthivasan Raanin , Ghose Debarghya , Dutta Dipak , Sandhu Kuljeet Singh , Singh Jagmohan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCanonically, heterochromatin formation in fission yeast and metazoans is initiated by di/trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 position by the histone methyltransferase Suv39H1/Clr4, followed by binding of Swi6/HP1 to H3-K9-me2/me3 via its chromodomain. Subsequent self-association of Swi6/HP1 on adjacent nucleosomes or a cooperative interaction between Clr4 and Swi6/HP1 leads to folded heterochromatin structure. HP1 binding to RNA is shown to facilitate its localization at and assembly of heterochromatin in metazoans. Likewise, recruitment of Swi6/HP1 to centromere depends on the RNAi pathway in fission yeast; paradoxically, Swi6/HP1 is also thought to play a role in RNA turnover. Here we provide evidence in support of RNAi-independent recruitment of Swi6. We show that, apart from the low affinity binding to RNAs through its hinge domain, as already reported, Swi6/HP1 displays a hierarchy of increasing binding affinity through its chromodomain to the siRNAs corresponding to specific dg-dh repeats and even stronger binding to the cognate siRNA-DNA hybrids than to the siRNA precursors or general RNAs. Our results support a mechanism of recruitment of Swi6, which is dependent on its specific and high affinity binding to siRNA-DNA hybrid at the dg-dh repeats. This binding, which is independent of, albeit augmented by binding to H3-K9-Me2, leads to heterochromatin formation and silencing. We suggest that the net role of Swi6 in RNA physiology may be regulated by a balance between abundance and affinity of Swi6 towards heterochromatic and euchromatic RNAs and siRNAs.
Characterization of Constitutive macro-ER-phagy
Authors: Lipatova Zhanna , Gyurkovska Valeriya , Zhao Sarah F. , Segev Nava 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThirty percent of all cellular proteins are inserted into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which spans throughout the cytoplasm. Two well-established stress-induced pathways ensure quality control (QC) at the ER: ER-phagy and ER-associated degradation (ERAD), which shuttle cargo for degradation to the lysosome and proteasome, respectively. In contrast, not much is known about constitutive ER-phagy. We have previously reported that excess of integral-membrane proteins is delivered from the ER to the lysosome via autophagy during normal growth of yeast cells. Here, we characterize this pathway as constitutive ER-phagy. Constitutive and stress-induced ER-phagy share the basic macro-autophagy machinery including the conserved Atgs and Ypt1 GTPase. However, induction of stress-induced autophagy is not needed for constitutive ER-phagy to occur. Moreover, the selective receptors needed for starvation-induced ER-phagy, Atg39 and Atg40, are not required for constitutive ER-phagy and neither these receptors nor their cargos are delivered through it to the vacuole. As for ERAD, while constitutive ER-phagy recognizes cargo different from that recognized by ERAD, these two ER-QC pathways can partially substitute for each other. Because accumulation of membrane proteins is associated with disease, and constitutive ER-phagy players are conserved from yeast to mammalian cells, this process could be critical for human health.Author SummaryAccumulation of excess proteins can lead to their aggregation, which in turn can cause multiple disorders, notably neurodegenerative disease. Nutritional and endoplasmic-reticulum (ER) stress stimulate autophagy and ER-associated degradation (ERAD) to clear excess and misfolded proteins, respectively. However, not much is known about clearance of excess proteins during normal growth. We have previously shown that excess integral-membrane proteins are cleared from the ER by macro-autophagy during normal growth of yeast cells. Here we characterize this pathway as constitutive ER-phagy. While this pathway shares machinery of core Atgs and autophagosomes with nutritional stress-induced ER-phagy, it differs from the latter: It is independent of the stress response and of receptors needed for stress-induced ER-phagy, and while stress-induced ER-phagy is not discriminatory, constitutive ER-phagy has specific cargos. However, when constitutive ER-phagy fails, machinery specific to stress-induced ER-phagy can process its cargo. Moreover, constitutive ER-phagy is also not dependent on ER-stress or the unfolded protein response (UPR) stimulated by this stress, although its failure elicits UPR. Finally, constitutive ER-phagy and ERAD can partially process each other’s cargo upon failure. In summary, constitutive ER-phagy, which clears excess integral-membrane proteins from the ER during normal growth does not require nutritional or ER stress for its function.
Mechanism of negative regulation of NF-κB by N4BP1
Authors: Shi Hexin , Sun Lei , Wang Ying , Liu Aijie , Zhan Xiaoming , Li Xiaohong , Tang Miao , Anderton Priscilla , Hildebrand Sara , Quan Jiexia , Ludwig Sara , Moresco Eva Marie Y. , Beutler Bruce 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMany immune responses depend upon activation of NF-κB, a key transcription factor in the elicitation of a cytokine response. Here we demonstrate that N4BP1 inhibited TLR-dependent activation of NF-κB by interacting with the NF-κB signaling essential modulator (NEMO, also known as IκB kinase γ) to attenuate NEMO-NEMO dimerization or oligomerization. The UBA-like (ubiquitin associated-like) and CUE-like (ubiquitin conjugation to ER degradation) domains in N4BP1 mediated the interaction with the NEMO COZI domain. Bothin vitroand in mice,N4bp1deficiency specifically enhanced TRIF-independent (TLR2, TLR7, or TLR9-mediated), but not TRIF-dependent (TLR3 or TLR4-mediated), NF-κB activation leading to increased production of proinflammatory cytokines. In response to TLR4 or TLR3 activation, TRIF caused activation of caspase 8, which cleaved N4BP1 distal to residues D424 and D490 and abolished its inhibitory effect.N4bp1-/-mice also exhibited diminished numbers of T cells in the peripheral blood. Our work identifies N4BP1 as an inhibitory checkpoint protein that must be overcome to activate NF-κB, and a TRIF-initiated caspase 8-dependent mechanism by which this is accomplished.
Conditional targeting of phosphatidylserine decarboxylase to lipid droplets
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Chitraju Chandramohan , Farese Robert , Walther Tobias , Burd Christopher G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPhosphatidylethanolamine is an abundant component of most cellular membranes whose physical and chemical properties modulate multiple aspects of organelle membrane dynamics. An evolutionarily ancient mechanism for producing phosphatidylethanolamine is to decarboxylate phosphatidylserine and the enzyme catalyzing this reaction, phosphatidylserine decarboxylase, localizes to the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. We characterize a second form of phosphatidylserine decarboxylase, termed PISD-LD, that is generated by alternative splicing of PISD pre-mRNA and localizes to lipid droplets and to mitochondria. Sub-cellular targeting is controlled by a common segment of PISD-LD that is distinct from the catalytic domain and is regulated by nutritional state. Growth conditions that promote neutral lipid storage in lipid droplets favors targeting to lipid droplets, while targeting to mitochondria is favored by conditions that promote consumption of lipid droplets. Depletion of both forms of phosphatidylserine decarboxylase impairs triacylglycerol synthesis when cells are challenged with free fatty acid, indicating a crucial role phosphatidylserine decarboxylase in neutral lipid storage. The results reveal a previously unappreciated role for phosphatidylserine decarboxylase in lipid droplet biogenesis.
Exploring differences and relationships between online formative and summative assessments in Mississippi career and technical education
Authors: Alexander Ben , Owen Sean , Thames Cliff B. 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThis study, a post hoc observational one, attempted to determine if career and technical education (CTE) students in the state of Mississippi would academically benefit from taking multiple formative assessments in an online format prior to completing their summative exams. Most CTE students in the state of Mississippi are required to take an end-of-course exam cataloged as the Mississippi Career and Planning Assessment System (MS-CPAS). Previously, MS-CPAS test score results did not impact school-wide accountability scores, but in recent years, some of the guidelines were changed so that these summative test scores now play a vital role in school accountability and rankings.Design/methodology/approachThis study examines both formative and summative online exam scores for more than 13,000 students who have taken an MS-CPAS assessment in the 2018 and 2019 school years.FindingsThe results of this study revealed that there were significant differences in summative exam scores for students who took two online formative practice tests when compared to groups of students who did not take any formative practice tests. This study also illustrated a positive correlation between those students' final online practice test scores and their summative exam scores.Originality/valueThese results would prove very beneficial to both CTE teachers and directors in helping them understand the benefits of introducing formative practice tests into their programs to boost student understanding.
Blockchain-driven supply chain decentralized operations – information sharing perspective
Authors: Xue Xiaofang , Dou Junpeng , Shang Yao 
Published: October 2020

PurposeInformation sharing helps improve the efficiency of the supply chain. However, there are some problems in the multi-stage structure supply chain, such as untimely information feedback and distortion. Despite recent progress in ensuring improved collaboration in the past decade or so, the inefficiency status continues to persist. It is also difficult to add value to the supply chain. The information sharing framework and decentralized model designed in this paper are to deal with existing problems.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based on the theoretical research of supply chain information asymmetry and synergetics. We attempt to introduce blockchain technology into supply chain operation management, reconstruct information sharing architecture and provide a new decentralized mode to promote the collaborative operation of all nodes. The information sharing and decentralization operational model are built, which has changed the hierarchical relationship between upstream and downstream enterprises, regarding customers as the center of the whole system and effectively reducing the bullwhip effect. Finally, we selected the home supply chain as an example design and performed system dynamics simulation on the blockchain-based operation process.FindingsThe model of setting up the scene application mode based on blockchain is helpful to realize the goal of supply chain management to reduce cost, improve quality and enhance the overall efficiency of the system.Originality/valueBased on the blockchain technology, this paper constructed a new supply chain operation mode and used the synergetic theory and the concept of the product–service system to explain the process of value increment in detail.
Inference for variance risk premium
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Chen Song Xi , Lu Lei 
Published: October 2020

PurposeWith the presence of pricing errors, the authors consider statistical inference on the variance risk premium (VRP) and the associated implied variance, constructed from the option prices and the historic returns.Design/methodology/approachThe authors propose a nonparametric kernel smoothing approach that removes the adverse effects of pricing errors and leads to consistent estimation for both the implied variance and the VRP. The asymptotic distributions of the proposed VRP estimator are developed under three asymptotic regimes regarding the relative sample sizes between the option data and historic return data.FindingsThis study reveals that existing methods for estimating the implied variance are adversely affected by pricing errors in the option prices, which causes the estimators for VRP statistically inconsistent. By analyzing the S&P 500 option and return data, it demonstrates that, compared with other implied variance and VRP estimators, the proposed implied variance and VRP estimators are more significant variables in explaining variations in the excess S&P 500 returns, and the proposed VRP estimates have the smallest out-of-sample forecasting root mean squared error.Research limitations/implicationsThis study contributes to the estimation of the implied variance and the VRP and helps in the predictions of future realized variance and equity premium.Originality/valueThis study is the first to propose consistent estimations for the implied variance and the VRP with the presence of option pricing errors.
Franchising microbusinesses: coupling identity undoing and boundary objects
Authors: Mills Colleen E. , Jeremiah Faith 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThis study presents an original empirically based conceptual framework representing mobile microbusiness founders' experiences when converting to a franchise business model that links individual-level variables to a sociomaterial process.Design/methodology/approachAn exploratory interpretive research design produced this framework using data from the enterprise development narratives of mobile franchisors who had recently converted their mobile microbusinesses to a franchise business model.FindingsThe emergent framework proposes that franchisor’s conversion experience involves substantial identity work prompted by an identity dilemma originating in a conflict between role expectations and franchising operational demands. This dilemma materializes during franchise document creation and requires some degree of “identity undoing” to ensure business continuity. By acting as boundary-objects-in-use in the conversion process, the franchise documents provide a sociomaterial foundation for the business transition and the development of a viable franchisor identity.Research limitations/implicationsThere is scant literature addressing the startup experiences of mobile microbusiness franchisors. The study was therefore exploratory, producing a substantive conceptual framework that will require further confirmatory studies.Practical implicationsBy proposing that conversion to a franchise business model is experienced as an identity transformation coupled to a sociomaterial process centred on system documentation, this original empirically based conceptual framework not only addresses a gap in the individual-level literature on franchise development but also provides a framework to direct new research and discussions between intending franchisors and their professional advisors about person–enterprise fit.Originality/valueThe conceptual framework is the first to address franchisors' experience of transitioning any type of microbusiness to a franchise business model.
The missing link in the promotion of customer engagement: the roles of brand fan page attractiveness and agility
Authors: Chuah Stephanie Hui-Wen , Aw Eugene Cheng-Xi , Tseng Ming-Lang 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is threefold, which is as follows: investigate the mediating effect of brand fan page attractiveness on the relationship between user gratifications and customer engagement with brand fan pages, determine whether fan page agility moderates this effect and examine the influence of fan page engagement on customers' share of wallet and resistance to negative brand information.Design/methodology/approachBy using an online questionnaire, 614 valid responses were obtained from the followers of multiple Facebook brand fan pages. Partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyse the data.FindingsThe results indicate that fan page attractiveness mediates the relationship between user gratifications and fan page engagement. However, this relationship is moderated by fan page agility. Fan page engagement increases customers' share of wallet and resistance to negative brand information. This finding suggests that creating fan page content and interactions that are attractive to customers is not sufficient for promoting engagement; brand fan pages must also be agile to customers' changing needs and competitors' moves.Originality/valueBy proposing and testing a novel moderated mediation effect, this study enriches the uses and gratifications theory (UGT) and provides new insights into the underlying mechanisms and boundary factors driving fan page engagement. In addition, this study contributes to the customer engagement literature by introducing share of wallet and resistance to negative brand information as outcome variables.
Analyzing repurchase behavior and benchmarking brands: implications for salespersons in a personal selling context
Authors: Mohanty Pradeep Kumar , Patro Archana 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThis work reports on a study to measure tractor owners' (mostly farmers') repurchase behavior (RPB). While earlier studies have focused on the technical aspects of the tractors, none as yet have considered farmer intention and behavior for predicting purchase decision. A conceptual model was built considering all possible antecedents of farmers' RPB based on in-depth interviews and discussions with marketing managers. Interviews with customers were used to understand these antecedents or interactions with salespersons, either directly or indirectly during conversations or visits to stores. The authors have attempted to develop a scale on farmers' consumption experience from the perspective of farmers.Design/methodology/approachThe model was validated using Smart-PLS, and the best tractor brand was identified using data envelopment analysis (DEA). At the village level, snowball sampling was adopted to identify potential tractor owners who had repurchased the same brand or a higher model as respondents.FindingsFindings reveal that all the paths were found to be significant. Farmers' consumption experience (FE) seems to be the biggest predictor of RPB, followed by image, satisfaction and trust. The newly introduced construct FE has a significant effect on farmers' RPB. DEA results further indicate that most tractor companies function with 100% efficiency.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was carried out in India; it can be extended to other countries. Also, the sample was collected from one state in India and is cross-sectional in nature, so it cannot be generalized.Originality/valueFirst, the authors developed a conceptual model considering all possible antecedents of RPB. No studies had yet developed a scale on FE. Second, the authors created a benchmark for the various preferred tractor brands from the farmers' perspective using DEA.
Online communities and their contribution to local heritage knowledge
Authors: Ginzarly Manal , Teller Jacques 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the potential of social media as a framework for people-centered heritage. With a focus on the interpretation and display of heritage by online communities, this paper aims at providing insights into the social production of heritage – the social co-construction of meanings of everyday landscape and the making of the collective and local identity.Design/methodology/approachThis paper proposes a methodological roadmap for the digital ethnography of everyday heritage. It reveals (1) the fundamental principles according to which people make value judgments and associate meanings to the urban landscape, and (2) the role of online communities in conveying collective identity and heritage values within the community realm. As a case study area for the implementation of the proposed method, three Facebook community group pages for Tripoli, Lebanon were chosen. The posts and comments were translated into English and uploaded to NVivo 12 plus and a deductive thematic approach to qualitative data analysis was applied. The data was coded into three main nodes: the actors, the tangible assets and the value registers.FindingsResults show that Facebook users are concerned with environmental equality, common interests, utility, right to the city and representativeness, while the beautification of heritage is often perceived as a threat to these values.Originality/valueThis investigation goes beyond heritage attributes (what) and values (why) to examine how values are assigned by local communities. It provides a comprehensive understanding of value judgment and the rationale and arguments used to justify positions and mobilize online community members in order to contribute to the digital co-construction of everyday heritage.
An overall assessment of sports tourism articles
Authors: Mesci Muammer , Pekerşen Yeliz , Mesci Zeynep 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study aims to examine sports tourism through a conceptual lens. The study offers a deep assessment of the general structure and purpose of sports tourism. Thus, the authors aim to determine the contributions of scientific studies in the field of sports tourism to sports tourism literature.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative research design was created and data collected using document analysis. The research articles were categorized and analyzed according to their objectives, journals of publication, keywords, application areas, research methods used, data collection techniques and findingsFindingsIt was been determined that the research articles in the field of sports tourism contributed significantly to the sports tourism literature and to the cumulative progress of the field.Research limitations/implicationsThe implications of this study is that only publications in the field of sports tourism (in the tourism category) indexed in the Web of Science between 2014 and 2018 were examined.Practical implicationsStudies to be carried out in the field of sports tourism should be seen as continuations, rather than repetitions, of one another. Thus, more information about the field of sports tourism is needed to better articulate the structure of the field for the benefit of future researchers.Social implicationsThere is a need for studies to contribute to the development of sports tourism in the literature. This study aims to take a step in this direction. With the increase of activities to be carried out in both the field and practice of sports tourism, a better relationship will be established between sports, local people and relevant stakeholders.Originality/valueMore theoretical studies in this field (Gibson, 1998a; Soedjatmiko, 2015) suggest that the field of sports tourism can be further developed. In light of this call, the present study will provide an overview of sports tourism research as a whole, thus contributing to future research by its own merits. It will guide the authors to determine how activities in the field of sports tourism have grown and how they are progressing