bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maresin 1, a specialized proresolving mediator, stimulates intracellular [Ca2+] and secretion in conjunctival goblet cells
Authors: Olsen Markus V. , Lyngstadaas Anne V. , Bair Jeffrey A. , Hodges Robin R. , Utheim Tor P. , Serhan Charles N. , Dartt Darlene A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMucin secretion from conjunctival goblet cells forms the tear film mucin layer and requires regulation to function properly. Maresin 1 (MaR1) is a specialized proresolving mediator produced during the resolution of inflammation. We determined if MaR1 stimulates mucin secretion and signaling pathways used. Cultured rat conjunctival goblet cells were used to measure the increase in intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) concentration and mucin secretion. MaR1‐increased [Ca2+]i and secretion were blocked by inhibitors of phospholipase C, protein kinase C, Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II, and extracellular‐regulated kinase 1/2. MaR1 added before addition of histamine counterregulated histamine‐stimulated increase in [Ca2+]i and secretion. We conclude that MaR1 likely has two actions in conjunctival goblet cells: first, maintaining optimal tear film mucin levels by increasing [Ca2+]i and stimulating mucin secretion in health and, second, attenuating the increase in [Ca2+]i and overproduction of mucin secretion by counterregulating the effect of histamine as occurs in ocular allergy.
In vivo enrichment of genetically manipulated platelets for murine hemophilia B gene therapy
Authors: Chen Yingyu , Schroeder Jocelyn A. , Gao Chunyan , Li Jing , Hu Jianda , Shi Qizhen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOur previous studies have demonstrated that platelet‐targeted factor IX (FIX) gene therapy can introduce sustained platelet‐FIX expression in hemophilia B (FIXnull) mice. In this study, we aimed to enhance platelet‐FIX expression in FIXnull mice with O6‐methylguanine‐DNA‐methyltransferase (MGMT)‐mediated in vivo drug selection of transduced cells under nonmyeloablative preconditioning. We constructed a novel lentiviral vector (2bF9/MGMT lentivirus vector), which harbors dual genes, the FIX gene driven by the αIIb promoter (2bF9) and the MGMT P140K gene under the murine stem cell virus promoter. Platelet‐FIX expression in FIXnull mice was introduced by 2bF9/MGMT‐mediated hematopoietic stem cell transduction and transplantation. The 2bF9/MGMT‐transduced cells were effectively enriched after drug selection by O6‐benzylguanine/1,3‐bis‐2‐chloroethyl‐1‐nitrosourea. There were a 2.9‐fold higher FIX antigen and a 3.7‐fold higher FIX activity in platelets, respectively, posttreatment compared with pretreatment. When a 6‐hr tail bleeding test was used to grade the bleeding phenotype, the clotting time in treated animals was 2.6 ± 0.5 hr. In contrast, none of the FIXnull control mice were able to clot within 6 hr. Notably, none of the recipients developed anti‐FIX antibodies after gene therapy. One of four recipients developed a low titer of inhibitors when challenged with rhF9 together with adjuvant. In contrast, all FIXnull controls developed inhibitors after the same challenge. Anti‐FIX immunoglobulin G were barely detectable in recipients (1.08 ± 0.54 µg/ml), an 875‐fold lower level than in the FIXnull controls. Our data demonstrate that using the MGMT‐mediated drug selection system in 2bF9 gene therapy can significantly enhance therapeutic platelet‐FIX expression, resulting in sustained phenotypic correction and immune tolerance in FIXnull mice.
Cognitive functioning and depressive symptoms in Fabry disease: A follow‐up study
Authors: Körver Simon , Geurtsen Gert J. , Hollak Carla E. M. , van Schaik Ivo N. , Longo Maria G. F. , Lima Marjana R. , Dijkgraaf Marcel G. W. , Langeveld Mirjam 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPatients with Fabry disease (FD) have a high prevalence of depressive symptoms and can suffer from cognitive impairment, negatively affecting their life. The course of cognitive functioning and depressive symptoms in FD is unknown. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to describe changes in cognitive functioning and depressive symptoms and to identify related variables in patients with FD over 1 year. Assessments were conducted twice, using a neuropsychological test battery and the Centre of Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CESD). Eighty‐one patients were included of which 76 patients (94%) completed both assessments (age: 44 years, 34% men, 75% classical phenotype). A significant decrease in cognitive functioning was found in four patients (5%), with patients regressing from excellent to average/good. Changes were not related to sex, phenotype, stroke, IQ or CESD scores. CESD scores ≥16 were present in 29 patients (38%) at baseline. Using the reliable change index a decrease in CESD scores was found in six patients (8%). Decreased CESD scores were independently related to employing a positive and problem solving coping style and increased CESD scores to an avoiding and brooding coping style and worsening health perception. We found no major changes in cognitive functioning in patients with FD during 1 year follow‐up making it an unsuitable outcome in FD treatment trials. Considering the high prevalence of persistent depressive symptoms, assessment of depressive symptoms should be part of routine follow‐up. Altering coping styles and health perception may improve psychological well‐being in FD.
A study on clinical effect of Arbidol combined with adjuvant therapy on COVID‐19
Authors: Chen Wenyu , Yao Ming , Fang Zhixian , Lv Xiaodong , Deng Min , Wu Zhen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study aims to explore the clinical effect of Arbidol (ARB) combined with adjuvant therapy on patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). The study included 62 patients with COVID‐19 admitted to the First Hospital of Jiaxing from January to March 2020, and all patients were divided into the test group and the control group according to whether they received ARB during hospitalization. Various indexes in the two groups before and after treatment were observed and recorded, including fever, cough, hypodynamia, nasal obstruction, nasal discharge, diarrhea, C‐reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), blood routine indexes, blood biochemical indexes, time to achieve negative virus nucleic acid, and so on. The fever and cough in the test group were relieved markedly faster than those in the control group (P  <  .05); there was no obvious difference between the two groups concerning the percentage of patients with abnormal CRP, PCT, blood routine indexes, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase (P > .05); the time for two consecutive negative nucleic acid tests in the test group were shorter than that in the control group; the hospitalization period of the patients in the test group and control group were (16.5  ±  7.14) days and (18.55  ±  7.52) days, respectively. ARB combined with adjuvant therapy might be able to relieve the fever of COVID‐19 sufferers faster and accelerate the cure time to some degree, hence it's recommended for further research clinically.
A novel risk score to predict diagnosis with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in suspected patients: A retrospective, multicenter, and observational study
Authors: Huang Dong , Wang Ting , Chen Zhu , Yang Huan , Yao Rong , Liang Zongan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aim of the study was to explore a novel risk score to predict diagnosis with COVID‐19 among all suspected patients at admission. This was a retrospective, multicenter, and observational study. The clinical data of all suspected patients were analyzed. Independent risk factors were identified via multivariate logistic regression analysis. Finally, 336 confirmed COVID‐19 patients and 139 control patients were included. We found nine independent risk factors for diagnosis with COVID‐19 at admission to hospital: epidemiological exposure histories (OR:13.32; 95%CI, 6.39‐27.75), weakness/fatigue (OR:4.51, 95%CI, 1.70‐11.96), heart rate less than  100 beat/minutes (OR:3.80, 95%CI, 2.00‐7.22), bilateral pneumonia (OR:3.60, 95%CI, 1.83‐7.10), neutrophil count less than equal to  6.3 × 109/L (OR: 6.77, 95%CI, 2.52‐18.19), eosinophil count less than equal to 0.02  ×  109/L (OR:3.14, 95%CI, 1.58‐6.22), glucose more than equal to 6  mmol/L (OR:2.43, 95%CI, 1.04‐5.66), D‐dimer ≥ 0.5 mg/L (OR:3.49, 95%CI, 1.22‐9.96), and C‐reactive protein less than 5  mg/L (OR:3.83, 95%CI, 1.86‐7.92). As for the performance of this risk score, a cut‐off value of 20 (specificity: 0.866; sensitivity: 0.813) was identified to predict COVID‐19 according to reciever operator characteristic curve and the area under the curve was 0.921 (95%CI: 0.896‐0.945; P  <  .01). We designed a novel risk score which might have a promising predictive capacity for diagnosis with COVID‐19 among suspected patients.
Clinical performance of different SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG antibody tests
Authors: Kohmer Niko , Westhaus Sandra , Rühl Cornelia , Ciesek Sandra , Rabenau Holger F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) serological assays are urgently needed for rapid diagnosis, contact tracing, and for epidemiological studies. So far, there is limited data on how commercially available tests perform with real patient samples, and if positive tested samples show neutralizing abilities. Focusing on IgG antibodies, we demonstrate the performance of two enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assays (Euroimmun SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG and Vircell COVID‐19 ELISA IgG) in comparison to one lateral flow assay (FaStep COVID‐19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test Device) and two in‐house developed assays (immunofluorescence assay [IFA] and plaque reduction neutralization test [PRNT]). We tested follow up serum/plasma samples of individuals polymerase chain reaction‐diagnosed with COVID‐19. Most of the SARS‐CoV‐2 samples were from individuals with moderate to the severe clinical course, who required an in‐patient hospital stay. For all examined assays, the sensitivity ranged from 58.8 to 76.5% for the early phase of infection (days 5‐9) and from 93.8% to 100% for the later period (days 10‐18).
Performance enhanced absorbing boundary condition for electromagnetic modelling and simulation
Authors: Wu Shihong , Sun Yumei , Chi Mingmei , Chen Xiangguang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBased upon the higher order (HO) concept and the convolution perfectly matched layer (CPML) formulation, the efficient and tight HO‐CPML implementation is proposed for electromagnetic (EM) simulation. The proposed formulation has the advantages of the higher order concept and the CPML in terms of enhancing absorbing performance and improving computational efficiency. Numerical examples including the half‐space soil/metal plate structure and the patch antenna radiation model are carried out in the finite‐difference time‐domain lattice to validate the effectiveness and efficiency. It can be demonstrated that the proposed HO‐CPML can further enhance the absorbing performance compared with the CPML and enjoy considerable computational efficiency compared with the other HO‐perfectly matched layers (HO‐PMLs). Meanwhile, the proposal can terminate arbitrary mediums without changing the update equations in the PML regions.
Early Signs of Impaired Gut Function Affect Daily Functioning in Patients With Advanced Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy
Authors: van der Meij Barbara S. , Deutz Nicolaas E. P. , Rodriguez Ramon E. , Engelen Mariëlle P. K. J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundGastrointestinal symptoms are common during chemotherapy, but underlying disturbances in gut function and their impact on daily life are unclear. This study investigates gut function in a heterogenous group of cancer patients with gastrointestinal symptoms during chemotherapy and its relation to anabolic response, muscle health, and daily functioning.MethodsIn 16 patients with solid tumors (mostly stage III+IV) undergoing chemotherapy (T) and 16 healthy (H) matched controls, small‐intestinal membrane integrity was measured by urine sugar tests. Protein digestion, absorption, and anabolic response to a conventional protein supplement were analyzed by stable‐tracer methods. Muscle mass and strength and daily functioning were assessed.ResultsEighty‐one percent of T patients reported gastrointestinal symptoms. Small‐intestinal membrane permeability was similar, but active glucose transport was lower in the T group (T, 35.5% ± 3.4% vs H, 48.4% ± 4.7%; P = .03). Protein digestion and absorption tended to be lower in the T group (0.67 ± 0.02 vs 0.80 ± 0.04; P = .08). Net protein anabolic response to feeding was comparable, although lower in cancer patients with recent weight loss. Gut permeability negatively correlated to hand grip strength, global health, and physical functioning, and active‐transport capacity positively correlated to global health in the T group.ConclusionAdvanced cancer patients with gastrointestinal symptoms during chemotherapy, particularly those with recent weight loss, show signs of impaired gut function negatively affecting muscle health, daily functioning, and anabolic response to feeding.
Shock‐driven electron redistribution studies of triamino trinitrobenzene using time‐resolved Raman spectroscopy and first‐principle calculation
Authors: Yu Guoyang , Zheng Zhaoyang , Qiao Zhiqiang , Zeng Yangyang , Tang Zhixu , Wu Honglin , Tan Duowang , Zheng Xianxu , Song Yunfei , Yang Guangcheng , Wu Qiang , Yang Yanqiang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractShock‐driven electron redistribution of triamino trinitrobenzene has been studied by time‐resolved Raman spectroscopy and first‐principle calculation. The variation trends of electron densities of CNO2 bonds, HNH bonds and intermolecular hydrogen bonds (inter‐HB) are respectively analyzed from the Raman peak shifts and the intensity changes under shock conditions. In addition, the pressure‐dependent effective bond order is calculated by density functional theory. By combining the experimental and computational results, it is deduced that electrons redistribute mainly through two paths under shock loading. In one path, the electrons transfer from the HNH, CNH2, NO bonds, and the intramolecular hydrogen bonds (intra‐HB) to the inter‐HB; and in the other path, the electrons transfer from the NO and CC bonds to the CNO2 bonds. These results suggest that this mechanism is reversible under relatively modest shock conditions and may change the strength orders of some chemical bonds and make some chemical bonds broken easily under violent shock conditions.
Gallbladder squamous cell carcinoma: An analysis of 1084 cases from the National Cancer Database
Authors: Ayabe Reed I. , Wach Michael M. , Ruff Samantha M. , Diggs Laurence P. , Martin Sean P. , Wiemken Timothy , Hinyard Leslie , Davis Jeremy L. , Luu Carrie , Hernandez Jonathan M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesGallbladder squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is an uncommon malignancy whose rarity has made it particularly challenging to study. We utilized a national database to shed light on the clinicopathologic characteristics, management patterns, and survival associated with these tumors.MethodsPatients with gallbladder SCC were identified in the National Cancer Database. Clinicopathologic and treatment characteristics were recorded and compared with adenocarcinoma for context. Univariate and multivariable survival analyses were completed for patients who underwent resection.ResultsOverall, 1084 patients with SCC and 23 958 patients with adenocarcinoma were identified. Compared with those with adenocarcinoma, patients with SCC had higher grade tumors (P < .001) and were diagnosed at a later stage (P < .001). Patients with SCC were more likely to undergo radical cholecystectomy (17% vs 9%; P < .001), but had a higher rate of margin positivity (36% vs 29%; P < .001). SCC histology was associated with worse survival compared with adenocarcinoma, even after adjusting for R0 resections (13 vs 29 months; P < .001). On multivariable analysis, SCC histology was independently associated with abbreviated survival (P = .003).ConclusionsGallbladder SCCs are aggressive cancers that often present at an advanced stage. Complete surgical extirpation should be pursued when feasible. However, prognosis is worse than that of adenocarcinoma, even after R0 resection.
Simulation of nonisothermal reactive liquid chromatography using two‐dimensional lumped kinetic model
Authors: Ahmad Abdulaziz Garba , Qamar Shamsul 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA nonisothermal two‐dimensional lumped kinetic model of reactive liquid chromatography is formulated and applied to simulate the separation of multicomponent mixtures in a fixed‐bed cylindrical column operating under nonisothermal condition. The axial and radial variations of concentration and temperature as well as reversibility of the chemical reactions are incorporated in the model equations. The model comprises a system of convection‐diffusion‐reaction partial differential equations coupled with algebraic and differential equations. Due to the nonlinearity of adsorption and reaction kinetics, it is required to apply an accurate numerical scheme for solving the model equations. In this study, an efficient and accurate high‐resolution flux‐limiting finite‐volume scheme is proposed to solve the model equations. A number of stoichiometrical reactions are numerically simulated to determine the level of coupling between the temperature and concentration profiles. Moreover, the effects of various critical parameters on the process performance are examined. The results obtained are beneficial for understanding reaction and separation processes inside a liquid chromatographic reactor and to improve its performance.
Laryngeal Pathologies and Their Associations With Mental Health Disorders
Authors: Piersiala Krzysztof , Akst Lee M. , Hillel Alexander T. , Best Simon R. 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesMental health disorders are very common. Understanding their clinical manifestations in terms of voice and laryngeal disorders (VLD) is important because they constitute a significant proportion of all patients seen by otolaryngology‐head and neck surgery. In this study, we examine different mental disorders (MDs) and their presenting symptoms and diagnoses of VLD.MethodsCase series study, retrospective chart review of patients seen between January 2016 and December 2017 at the Johns Hopkins Voice Center. Diagnoses, demographic data, and comorbidities were collected. VLD were grouped into categories (laryngeal pathology, functional voice disorders, airway, swallowing, other) for statistical analysis.ResultsOf a total 4,249 patients, 836 patients (19.7%) suffered from at least one MD. Those patients presented more frequently with swallowing problems (24.9% of all diagnoses in MD compared to 21.2% in control group; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.280, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.107–1.480, P = .001) and less frequently with vocal cord pathology (30.9% of all diagnoses in MD compared to 33.9% in control group, aOR 0.793, 95% CI 0.694–0.907, P = .001). Patients suffering from depression had significantly increased odds for dysphagia (aOR 1.570, 95% CI 1.216–2.026, P = .001). VLD clinical presentation profile was created for every MD studied.ConclusionPatients suffering from mental health disorders present more frequently with swallowing complaints, in particular for dysphagia. Awareness of this can guide appropriate referrals. Objective laryngeal findings are common in patients with substance abuse disorders. They should be screened with careful diagnostic laryngoscopy.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E231–E239, 2021
Efficient zinc/cobalt inter‐replacement in northeast Pacific diatoms and relationship to high surface dissolved Co : Zn ratios
Authors: Kellogg Riss M. , McIlvin Matthew R. , Vedamati Jagruti , Twining Benjamin S. , Moffett James W. , Marchetti Adrian , Moran Dawn M. , Saito Mak A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe importance of zinc (Zn) as a nutrient and its ability to be substituted for by cobalt (Co) have been characterized in model marine diatoms. However, the extent to which this substitution capability is distributed among diatom taxa is unknown. Zn/Co metabolic substitution was assayed in four diatom species as measured by the effect of free ion concentrations of Zn2+ and Co2+ on specific growth rate. Analysis of growth responses found substitution of these metals can occur within the northwest Atlantic isolate Thalassiosira pseudonana CCMP1335, the northeast Atlantic isolate Phaeodactylum tricornutum CCMP632, and within the northeast Pacific isolates Pseudo‐nitzschia delicatissima UNC1205 and Thalassiosira sp. UNC1203. Metabolic substitution of Co in place of Zn in the Atlantic diatoms supports their growth in media lacking added Zn, but at the cost of reduced growth rates. In contrast, highly efficient Zn/Co substitution that supported growth even in media lacking added Zn was observed in the northeast Pacific diatoms. We also present new data from the northeast Pacific Line P transect that revealed dissolved Co and Zn ratios (dCo : dZn) as high as 3.52 : 1 at surface (0–100 m) depths. We posit that the enhanced ability of the NE Pacific diatoms to grow using Co is an adaptation to these high surface dCo : dZn ratios. Particulate metal data and single‐cell metal quotas also suggest a high Zn demand in diatoms that may be partially compensated for by Co.
Effects of downwash during unmanned aircraft system‐assisted water sampling on water mass structure directly below the UAS
Authors: Miura Shingo , Kohzu Ayato 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn recent years, unmanned aircraft system (UAS) have played an increasing role in fields such as topographic mapping using optical cameras and thermal mapping using infrared cameras in aquatic environmental research. UAS‐assisted water sampling has important advantages, such as reducing labor, increasing sampling speed, and enabling sample collection from as‐yet unexplored lakes and marshes. However, downwash effects on water masses have not yet been evaluated. We conducted two experiments to evaluate the impact of UAS downwash on water mass characteristics. In the first experiment, we used temperature sensors and thermal imaging cameras to show that downwash generates bottom‐water upwelling. The results of this experiment are consistent with our hypothesized mechanism for water mass perturbation. In the second experiment, we directly measured downwash speeds and used the data to recommend a maximum downwash speed of 4.0 m s−1 for UAS‐assisted water sampling. However, we caution that even slower downwash speeds may be required for certain field conditions and research questions. Our results showed that the ongoing development of UAS‐assisted water sampling must include efforts to measure and minimize downwash.