bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deflection of broken ice caused by an external load moving along a channel
Authors: Zavyalova K N , Shishmarev K A , Khabakhpasheva T I 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The unsteady problem of a load moving along a channel covered with broken ice is considered. Deflection of the broken ice is described by the equation of flotating liquid. The channel has a rectangular cross-section. The fluid in the channel is inviscid and incompressible. The flow caused by deflections of broken ice is potential. The external load is modeled by a smooth localized pressure distribution which moves along the centre line of the channel at a constant speed. With the help of the Fourier transform along the channel the original problem was reduced to the problem of the wave profile across the channel, which was solved by the method of separating variables. The deflections of the broken ice are studied for large times. The solution is presented in the form of sum of local deflection near the load and infinite system of waves propagating from the load with the speed of the load. Dispersion relations, phase and group speeds of these waves are found. The formation of gravity waves in a channel covered with broken ice depending on the speed of the load is studied.
The growth of agglomerates in the conditions of detonation synthesis of diamond
Authors: Kudryashova O B , Petrov E A , Kolesová A A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The conditions of detonation synthesis of nanodiamonds do not affect the size of diamond microcrystallites too much, as was shown in numerous experimental studies. This is because microcrystallites are formed almost instantly at the moment of explosive detonation, when conditions are created for crystallization of the diamond carbon phase. Further expansion of detonation products only leads to the creation and enlargement of particle agglomerates. The product of detonation synthesis is always a powder consisting of agglomerates of carbon particles of diamond and non-diamond phases with impurities. The size, density and specific surface area of the agglomerates can be different depending on the synthesis conditions. These product characteristics are of great importance for further technological applications. Meanwhile, the processes of agglomerate formation under conditions of expansion of detonation products have not yet been considered. In this paper, we theoretically consider this process. The dependences of the size and specific surface of carbon agglomerates on the conditions of detonation synthesis were obtained, and comparison with experimental data was made.
Entropy solutions of an ultra-parabolic equation with the one-sided Dirac delta function as the minor term
Authors: Kuznetsov I V , Sazhenkov S A 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Cauchy-Dirichlet problem for the genuinely nonlinear ultra-parabolic equation with the piece-wise smooth minor term is considered. The minor term depends on a small positive parameter and collapses to the one-sided Dirac delta function as this parameter tends to zero. As the result, we arrive at the limiting initial-boundary value problem for the impulsive ultra-parabolic equation. The peculiarity is that the standard entropy solution of the problem for the impulsive equation generally is not unique. In this report, we propose a rule for selecting the ‘proper’ entropy solution, relying on the limiting procedure in the original problem incorporating the smooth minor term.
On differential invariants of an equivalence group and their geometric meaning
Authors: Megrabov A G 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Previously, the properties of the Lie group G, which is an equivalence group of the eikonal equation, wave equation, and other differential equations (DEs), have been studied by the author in the two-dimensional case; various applications to mathematical physics and differential geometry have been obtained. This paper presents a study of the three-dimensional analogue of the G group, the ten-parameter G
10 group, which is a subgroup of the main equivalence group of the three-dimensional eikonal equation, acoustics equation, and other DEs. Its differential invariants (DIs) up to the third order and invariant differentiation operators (IDOs) were calculated. The geometric meaning of some DIs of the group G
10 (the scalar curvature R of Riemannian space with the metric dl
2 = n
2(x, y, z)(dx
2 + dy
2 + dz
2), its first and second Beltrami differential parameters Δ1
u and Δ2
u, and other quantities) and IDOs was found. An expression for R was derived in terms of other DIs of the group G
10. To obtain this expression, and DIs and IDOs of the group G
10, we use the geometric analogy with the two-dimensional case and differential and Riemannian geometry.
The conjugation thin inclusions problem in elastic bodies with crack
Authors: Nikolaeva Natalia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A problem of pairing thin elastic and rigid inclusions with possible delamination in elastic bodies is considered. On the crack and at the intersection of the crack with a hard inclusion, boundary conditions are imposed in the form of inequalities, excluding mutual penetration of the crack faces and thin inclusions. The existence and uniqueness of the solution of the problem is established. It is shown that a corresponding variational statement is equivalent to a differential setting. A passage to the limit as stiffness parameter of thin inclusions tends to infinity is investigated.
Equilibrium and dynamics of porous and cracked media
Authors: Sibiryakov B P , Sibiryakov E B 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We established equilibrium and motion equations for media with internal structure, characterized by integral geometry parameters. These equations are linear differential equations of the infinite order. Besides usual elastic waves, there are many waves with sufficiently lower velocities without bottom limit. Corresponding dispersion equations have both real and imaginary roots. Complex roots represent parametric resonances (catastrophes). This model of structured continuum describes intermediate states between statics and dynamics. It means that the equilibrium equations are valid for large scales, while the dynamic equations are valid in small ones.
On well-posedness of the plasma-vacuum interface problem with displacement current in vacuum
Authors: Morando A , Secchi P , Trakhinin Y , Trebeschi P 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We consider the plasma-vacuum interface problem in ideal incompressible magneto-hydrodynamics. Unlike the classical statement when the vacuum magnetic field obeys the div-curl system of pre-Maxwell dynamics, to better understand the influence of the electric field in vacuum we do not neglect the displacement current in the vacuum region and consider the Maxwell equations for electric and magnetic fields. Under the necessary and sufficient stability condition for a planar interface found earlier by Trakhinin, we prove an energy a priori estimate for the linearized constant coefficient problem. The process of derivation of this estimate is based on various methods, including a secondary symmetrization of the vacuum Maxwell equations, the derivation of a hyperbolic evolutionary equation for the interface function and the construction of a degenerate Kreiss-type symmetrizer for an elliptic-hyperbolic problem for the total pressure.
Using swarm intelligence optimization methods for transport functions of vascular bypasses: first results and perspectives
Authors: Kuianova Iuliia , Dubovoy rey , Parshin Daniil 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the problem of the optimal location of the bypass graft. An electrical analogue of the cerebral vascular hemodynamic model was built, which was solved numerically using swarm intelligence methods. The optimization objective was the pressure after shunt formation in relation to the set pressure before shunting. This method was first time applied to the cerebral bypass problem, the results are in good agreement with the data of real operations.
Construction of simulation models for analyzing high-intensity shock effects in a spacecraft
Authors: Orlov S A , Matveev K A , Rastorguev G I 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the procedure for constructing stochastic models (based on processing of experimental data). These models allow to assess the propagation of high-intensity shock effects on the performance of unpressurized spacecrafts. The developed models are recommended for simulation of the load and the model of the system under study. Show the histograms of the distribution of total values of the impact reduction coefficient for typical structural joints, trusses, and shock isolators. The developed method allows to obtain an acceptable estimate of the propagation of high-intensity shock effects in the SC design.
Analysis of the processing mechanism in a centrifugal concentrator with a horizontal axis of rotation
Authors: Afanasenko S I 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This scientific work presents the results of comparative tests of centrifugal concentrators with a vertical and horizontal axis of rotor spinning. The article also describes a qualitative analysis of the behavior of mineral particles in a centrifugal field with fluidization for concentrators with a horizontal axis. The experiment demonstrated that concentrators with a horizontal axis are not inferior in terms of the qualitative recovery indicators to concentrators with a vertical axis. The researches also provided facts about the wide practical application of concentrators with a horizontal rotor arrangement.
Analysis of megascience facilities legal regulation
Authors: Andreasyan A , Balyakin A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Many countries have now understood the importance of high technology for the society development and are now regulating them in a legal area. In the Russian Federation, the creation of megasaience facilities is included in the state programme for scientific and technological development. Megascience projects for basic research in various fields are actively developed as an enterprise based on international cooperation. The specifics of work in such projects and the availability of international cooperation require special attention in terms of legal regulation. In addition, it should be noted that in the field of scientific research, a particular approach to regulating issues in the distribution of risks, financing, responsibility etc. is being developed. This paper discusses a number of issues related to the work setup on megascience facilities. Examples of soft law and hoftlaw implementations in the field of legal regulation of scientific activity are given.
The system of financial control of the projects of the Megascience class in the Russian Federation
Authors: Sitnik A A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article is dedicated to the system of financial control of the projects of the megascience class in the Russian Federation. The author highlighted the structure of this system, defined the goal, objectives, and principles of financial control of projects of the megascience class, investigated the features of the implementation of external and internal state financial (budget) control of megascience projects. The article concludes that the priority of budget financing for megascience projects in the Russian Federation predetermines the leading role of budget control. The financial control model is also influenced by the organizational and legal form used in the implementation of megascience projects. The article demonstrates that the assignment of the functions of the operator of megascience projects to an international intergovernmental organization or a specially created organization with the distribution of shares among the countries participating in the project, allows to provide more transparency of information on the progress of its implementation in general and financing in particular. The study showed the need for wider application of independent audit control of megascience projects being implemented in the territory of the Russian Federation. Based on the results of the study, proposals were formulated aimed at increasing the efficiency of spending money in the process of implementing megascience projects and the transparency of the activities of scientific institutions with regards to the public.
Refusal to deal in the field of technologies as a form of abusing of a dominant position in European and Eurasian unions law
Authors: Slepak V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Nowadays the objective of strengthening scientific and technological bases is not only the goal of individual states but an objective of integration organisations as well. Both European and Eurasian legal systems consider competition a key element for economical and technological development. Rivalry between various research institutes is an essential driver of economic and scientific efficiency, in absence of which the dominant undertaking would lack adequate incentives to continue to create. Sometimes further technological development is impossible without an access to technological solutions owned by dominant undertaking refusing to grant such access. In this case it is necessary to find a due balance between intellectual property rights of such owing undertaking and necessity of requesting company. The EU case law developed a test allowing to asses whether the refusal to make a deal granting an access to a new technology complies with EU law or amounts an abuse of a dominant position. This paper deals with key elements of this test – i.e. (1) the refusal must be likely to eliminate all competition in the market on the part of the person requesting the service; (2) the refusal must be incapable of being objectively justified; (3) the service in itself must be indispensable to sustain the business; (4) there must exist no actual or potential substitute for the service in question – and studies perspectives of using the same test within Eurasian Economic Union.
French experience: international mobility of researchers in light of implementing the governmental tasks to increase efficiency of innovative sectors of economy
Authors: Zakharova M V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The term “innovation” was first used at the beginning of the 20th century by renowned economist Joseph Schumpeter meaning the changes aimed at implementing and using new types of consumer goods, new methods of production and vehicles, markets and forms of organization in industry. However, it is in recent years that the innovative sectors of economy have become noticeable in the national space of various countries on the political and economic map of the world. According to consultancies, the leading positions in the sector of innovation are held by digital companies. The slogan of one of them (Apple) – Think Different – is a most accurate reflection of the general logic of the intellectual and, ultimately, economic increment within innovative companies. The G8 and G20 countries increasingly often invest huge amounts in national projects aimed at supporting the relevant spheres of innovation. For instance, in Russia over 1 billion rubles was invested in innovative projects by governmental funds in 2019. The race for breakthrough science-and-research technologies creates a global competitive background for presenting the best innovative products to the global science-and-research community. At the same time, it should be recognized that the innovative sectors of national economies, due to the peculiarities of the organization and activities thereof, objectively cannot take an isolated position in relation to international cooperation in general and international mobility of researchers in particular. This article gives a critical analysis of the institution of international mobility of researchers looking at the example of the French Republic, a traditional leader in the field of science, research, technology and innovation.
Features of international agreements concluded for the implementation of the projects of the “MegaScience” class
Authors: Moshkova D M , Karandaev I Y 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The article presents aspects of the legal regulation of international scientific cooperation aimed at the creation and operation of unique scientific installations of the “MegaScience” class. On the example of scientific projects CERN, ITER, XFEL and JINR, the individual features of legal regulation are analyzed: the legal basis, the key provisions of the concluded international agreements, as well as the relationship with the legislation of the Russian Federation. On the basis of the analysis and generalization, the author identifies the features of legal regulation, which should be taken into account when creating future scientific projects of the “MegaScience” class.
Natural Beauty, Reflective Judgment and Kant’s Aesthetic Humanism
Authors: Savile Anthony 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Kant’s concern for the universal validity of aesthetic judgment turns on its providing a needed bridge between our understanding of the world as governed by mechanical laws and our ability freely to realize our true humanity. That obliges us to find beauty in nature that is expressive of our ethical and moral values. It shapes the way we should understand aesthetic judgment itself.
The Aesthetic Concerns of Botulinum Toxin Type A in the Treatment of Neck Wrinkles: A Systematic Review
Authors: Qiu He , Zhao Rui , Cao Lideng , Liu Shuo , Yu Donglei , Wang Hang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
The aged and unattractive appearance of the neck has a profound impact on the overall youthfulness and attractiveness of the face. Neck wrinkles are one of the manifestations of neck skin aging. Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) represents an effective means for aesthetic neck rejuvenation as novel facial rejuvenation technologies are progressively developed.

Objectives
The objective of this article was to review the pertinent clinical literature for descriptions of BTX-A treatments and evaluations of their efficacy and safety for neck wrinkles.

Methods
The Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS databases were searched from inception to April 30, 2020, for the existing literature, which is presented along with the authors’ experience with neck wrinkles.

Results
Overall, 112 women between 24 and 65 years of age were included in 3 studies of monotherapy and 2 studies of multimodal combination therapy. BTX-A has been reported in combination with other approaches, including intensity focused ultrasound, cohesive polydensified matrix hyaluronic acid, and microfocused ultrasound. Only 1 of the 3 reports on monotherapy had a less than 50% satisfaction and improvement rate. Overall, BTX-A attained high patient satisfaction without serious and persistent side effects, notwithstanding the relatively limited sample size.

Conclusions
The existing research cannot strongly prove the aesthetic effect of BTX-A in neck wrinkles. However, BTX-A is probably an effective technology in response to the growing demand for neck wrinkle treatment, whether in a single treatment or combined treatment.

Level of Evidence: 4
Rheology of Polymethylmethacrylate-Collagen Gel Filler: Physiochemical Properties and Clinical Applications
Authors: Lorenc Z Paul , Pilcher Brian , McArthur Tina , Patel Nimitt 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Soft tissue fillers are comprised of a range of materials with differing physiochemical and rheologic (ie, flow) properties. These properties can inform treatment selection for specific anatomic areas, planes of injection, and clinical applications.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to characterize the rheologic properties of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)-collagen gel for comparison with other available fillers.

Methods
Commercially available PMMA-collagen gel, hyaluronic acid (HA), and calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) fillers were obtained from their respective manufacturers. Measures of complex viscosity (η*) and elastic modulus (G′) for each filler were collected at 0.7 Hz in triplicate according to standard procedures on a rotational rheometer fitted with a 40-mm steel plate at 25°C on a Peltier plate (500-μm gap).

Results
The measured η* and G′ values for HA and CaHA fillers were in agreement with previously published data. The difference in η* between CaHA (mean [standard deviation], 358.9 [21.56] Pa-s) and PMMA-collagen gel (656.41 [68.03] Pa-s) was statistically significant (P &lt; 0.0001), as was the difference between the G′ of CaHA (1424.8 [83.3] Pa) and the G′ of PMMA-collagen gel (2815.27 [304.07] Pa; P &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusions
PMMA-collagen gel exhibited the highest η* and G′ of all tested fillers. These properties likely underpin an increased capacity for lifting and support in areas where long-lasting revolumization is appropriate. In practice, PMMA-collagen gel is well suited for treatment of acne scars, as well as injection into the supraperiosteal plane in the temple, chin, mandible, and piriform by a retrograde linear threading technique. Additional clinical considerations are discussed.
Simple and Efficient Detection Approach of Quercetin from Biological Matrix by Novel Surface Imprinted Polymer Based Magnetic Halloysite Nanotubes Prepared by a Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Fizir Meriem , Dahiru Nasiru Sintali , Cui Yanru , Zhi Hao , Dramou Pierre , He Hua 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Molecular imprinted polymers coated magnetic halloysite nanotubes (MHNTs-MIPs) were prepared through sol-gel method by using quercetin (Que), APTES and TEOS as template, monomer and cross-linker agent, respectively. The synthesized MHNTs-MIPs were characterized by fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, XRD and vibrating sample magnetometer. Various parameters influencing the binding capacity of the MHNTs-MIPs were investigated with the help of response surface methodology. Selectivity experiments showed that the MHNTs-MIPs exhibited the maximum selective rebinding to Que. Therefore, the MHNTs-MIPs was applied as a solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the extraction and preconcentration of quercetin and luteolin in serum and urine samples. The limits of detection for quercetin and luteolin range from 0.51 to 1.32 ng mL−1 in serum and from 0.23 to 1.05 ng mL−1 in urine, the recoveries are between 95.20 and 103.73% with the RSD less than 5.77%. While the recovery hardly decreased after several cycles. The designed MHNTs-MIP with high affinity, sensitivity and maximum selectivity toward Que in SPE might recommend a novel method for the extraction of flavonoids in other samples like natural products.