bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brecha digital educativa. Cuando el territorio es importante
Authors: Martínez López Olga 
Published: July 2020

La Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE) define la brecha digital como “la distancia existente entre individuos, áreas residenciales, áreas de negocios y geográficas en los diferentes niveles socio-económicos en relación a sus oportunidades para acceder a las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, así como al uso de Internet, lo que acaba reflejando diferencias tanto entre países como dentro de los mismos” (OECD, 2001).
La Comisión Europea indica que “la brecha digital es la distancia que separa a personas, empresas y territorios en cuanto a oportunidades de acceder a las TIC y utilizarlas” (Comisión Europea, 2006).
La brecha digital es, ante todo, expresión de la desigualdad en el uso y acceso de las nuevas Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC), y como desigualdad es generadora de procesos de exclusión social. Las causas que acompañan a su aparición son múltiples, desde la falta de las competencias y destrezas necesarias para el uso de las TIC, hasta la imposibilidad de acceder a los recursos electrónicos y de conexión necesarios, debido a bajos umbrales de renta. Podemos hablar de “Brechas digitales”, debido a que se configuran como procesos multidimensionales que incluyen barreras de diferentes tipos (Cabero 2004).
Aluminum Detoxification by Humic Substance Extracted from Compost of Organic Wastes
Authors: Winarso Sugeng , Handayanto Eko , Taufiq Abdullah 
Published: July 2020

Aluminum Detoxification by Humic Substance Extracted from Compost of Organic Wastes (S Winarso, E Handayanto and A Taufiq): Humic substance could control the activity of metal as well as exchangeable aluminum (Alexch) on acid soil. The humic substance extracted from compost of agricultural waste is rarely conducted. The objective of research was to evaluate the effect of humic substance concentration and sources to pH and Al suspension. The research had been conducted in the Soil Laboratory of Agricultural Faculty of Jember University from April to July 2009. The humic substance used in these researches was extracted from compost of rice straw (RS), soybean straw (SS), cassava starch solid waste (CSSW), and empty bunch of oil palm tree (EBOPT). The humic substance concentration treatments were 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 ppm. Result of the analysis showed that characteristic of humic substance was difference depending on the source material used. The humic substance extracted from SS contain total base cations (K, Na, Ca, Mg) higher (1.17%) compared with CSSW (1.07%), OPT (0.87%), and RS (0.69%). While the humic substances extracted from RS contain total organic acid (Acetic, Fumeric, cetoglutamic, Sucsinic, Propionic, Butiric, Ocsalic, and sitric acid) higher (157 ppm) compared with EBOPT (129 ppm), SS (115%), and CSSW (108%). Among these organic acids, acetic acid was highest concentration (> 34.51% of total acid). The addition of humic substance increased pH and decreased aluminum concentration of the suspension. The higher pH increment and Al concentration reduction took placed in the suspension treated with humic substance from SS compost. The correlation between decreasing Al concentration with humic substance concentration which explained chelation was higher (r = 0.97) than decreasing Al concentration with increasing pH which explained precipitation (r = 0.93). Based on these research results, it can be concluded that humic substance extracted from agricultural waste have a good prospect as a soil ameliorant to increase soil pH, detoxify soil aluminum, and increase soil P availability on acid soil.
Assessing Biodegradation Susceptibilities of Selected Petroleum Hydrocarbons at Contaminated Soils
Authors: Langsa Markus Heryanto 
Published: July 2020

Assessing Biodegradation Susceptibilities of Selected Petroleum Hydrocarbons at Contaminated Soils (M.H. Langsa): The susceptibility to biodegradation of selected saturated hydrocarbons (SHCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and asphaltenes in a Barrow crude oil and extracts isolated from soils contaminated with the Barrow crude oil at day 0 and 39 was determined. Soil samples were contaminated with a Barrow crude oil across the surface (5% w/w) as part of a mesocosm experiment in order to mimic similar conditions in the environment. The extent of biodegradation of the Barrow oil extracted from the contaminated soils at day 0 and day 39 was assessed by GC-MS analyses of SHCs and PAHs fractions. Changes in the relative abundances of n-alkanes (loss of low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons) and pristane relative to phytane (Pr/Ph) and their diastereoisomers were determined. Changes in the diastereo-isomer ratios of Pr and Ph relate to the decrease in abundance of the phytol-derived 6(R),10(S) isoprenoids with increasing biodegradation. The percentage change in abundances of each of selected alkylnaphathalenes with time (day 0 to 39) was determined, enabling an order of susceptibility of their isomers to biodegradation. It was established that the 2-methylnaphthalene isomers (2-MN) is more susceptible to microbial attack than 1-MN isomer indicated by decreasing in percent abundance from day 0 to 39 for the 2-MN isomer. The GC-MS analyses of the original Barrow oil indicated the oil had not undergone biodegradation. When this oil was used in the soil mesocosm experiments the oil was shown to biodegrade to about a level 2 -3 based on the biodegradation susceptibility of the various SHCs and PAHs described above.
Nutrient Removal by Rice Cultivated in Newly Opened Wetland Rice in Bulungan District, East Kalimantan
Authors: Sukristiyonubowo . , Nugroho Kusumo , Vadari Tagus 
Published: July 2020

Highly weathered Indonesian soils and potential acid sulphate soils are mainly granted for developing newlyopened wetland rice field to meet rice growing demand in Indonesia. Nutrient removal by rice harvest product ofCiliwung variety planted in newly opened wetland rice was studied in Bulungan District, in 2009. The aims were toexamine the nutrient taken out by rice harvest product and to properly manage its fertility status to sustain ricefarming. Six treatments were studied including T0: farmers practices, T1: farmer practices + compost + dolomite, T2:NPK recommended rate, N and K were split two times, T3: NPK recommended rate, N and K were split three times,T4: NPK recommended rate, N and K were split three times + compost + dolomite and T5: NPK recommended rate,N and K were split two times + compost + dolomite. The results indicated that the highest concentrations of N, P,and K in rice grain and rice straw were observed at NPK with recommendation rate in which N and K were split threetimes + straw compost + dolomite (T4). The T4 (NPK with recommendation rate in which N and K were split threetimes + straw compost + dolomite) also showed the highest nutrient removal by harvest product. Depending on thetreatments, total nutrients removal through rice grains and rice straw varied from 61.81 to 101.71 kg N, 4.31 to13.69 kg P and from 95.77 to 171.16 kg K ha-1 season-1, meaning that at least about 137 to 225 kg urea, 50 to 160kg SP-36 and 190 to 339 kg KCl ha-1 season-1 should be given to replace nutrient removed by harvest product andto avoid any nutrients depletion. When all rice straws were returned to the field as compost, about 55 to 133 kg urea,25 to 110 kg SP-36 and 10 to 19 kg KCl ha-1 season-1 should be added to substitute nutrient removed by rice grain.[How to Cite: Sukristiyonubowo, K Nugroho and T Vadari. 2012. Nutrient Removal by Rice Cultivated in Newly Opened Wetland Rice in Bulungan District, East Kalimantan. J Trop Soils 17: 115-120. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2012.17.2.115] [Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2012.17.2.115]
Relação entre intensidade da corrida, percepção de esforço e estados de humor em corredores recreacionais
Authors: Gomes João Henrique , Mendes Renata Rebello , Rica Roberta Luksevicius , Pitta Rafael M. , Battazza Rafael Ambrósio , Leite Gerson , Maior Alex Souto , Bocalini Danilo Sales 
Published: July 2020

Introdução: a avaliação da percepção de esforço (PSE) e estados de humor (EH) em diferentes intensidades de esforço, pode auxiliar o planejamento do programa de treinamento minimizando o risco de overtraining e lesões osteomioarticulares.Objetivo: comparar as respostas de PSE e estados de humor em individuos submetidos a duas intensidades distintas de corrida de 5km.Métodos: corredores de rua recreacionais (n: 14) do Clube de Corrida da Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS) foram submetidos a um teste de 5Km. Posteriormente a realização do teste todos os individuos foram submetidos a dois testes de 5km randomizados com diferentes intensidades sendo a 95% e 85% da velocidade do teste de 5km. Foram avaliados o tempo total, a veocidade media, a percepçaõ de esforço, a carga interna e os parámetros vigor e fadiga.Resultados: O protocolo de corrida C5K85 apresentou redução significativa (p 0,001) das variáveis velocidade média de corrida, PSE e CIT quando comparado ao protocolo C5K95. A variável fadiga apresentou aumento significativo (p 0,001) pós-esforço no protocolo C5K95, sem mudanças significativas no protocolo C5K85 (p0,05). Conclusão: a percepção subjetiva de esforço, a carga interna de treino e a subescala fadiga do questionário BRUMS podem ser utilizados como ferramentas para controle e monitoramento da intensidade de treinamento em corredores de 5km.
Efeito do relaxamento muscular progressivo no estresse e bem-estar no trabalho de enfermeiros hospitalar
Authors: De Avila Silveira Eliseu , Batista Karla de Melo , Grazziano Eliane da Silva , Bringuete Maria Edla de Oliveira , Lima Eliane de Fátima Almeida 
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto del relajamiento muscular progresivo em los niveles de estrés y bienestar en el trabajo de enfermeros hospitalarios. Método: Estudio de intervención, de tipe antes y después, longitudinal, que ha acompañado 16 enfermeros de una instituición hospitalaria por ocho semanas consecutivas sometidos a un protocolo de relajamiento muscular progresivo. Se han recogido los datos con cuestionario, Escala de Estrés em el Trabajo; Escala de Bienestar en el Trabajo. Se han utilizado las pruebas Shapiro-Wilk, T pareado, Wilcoxon, Sperman y Mann-Whitney. Resultados: Se observó reducción de los promedios de estrés (60/55 p=0,166) y aumento de los promedios de los factores de bienestar en el trabajo- afecto positivo, afecto negativo y realización (3.22/3,42 p=0,073; 2,07/2,29 p=0,094 e 3,71/3,92 p=0,060), respectivamente. Conclusiones: Hubo evidencias de que el relajamiento muscular progresivo ha reducido los promedios de estrés y ha promovido bienestar en el trabajo entre los enfermeros.
Objective: To evaluate the effect of progressive muscle relaxation on the levels of stress and workplace well-being of hospital nurses.Method: This is an intervention, of the before-after type, longitudinal, which monitored 16 nurses from a hospital institution for eight consecutive weeks submitted to a progressive muscle relaxation protocol. Data were collected by questionnaire, Work Stress Scale and Well-being at Work Scale. Shapiro-Wilk, Wilcoxon, Sperman and Mann-Whitney tests were used.Results: The mean stress level decreased (60/55 p= 0.166) and the mean workplace well-being factors: positive affect, negative affect and fulfillment increased (3.22/3.42 p=0.073; 2.07/2.29 p=0.094 and 3.71/3.92 p=0.060), respectively.Conclusion: The study revealed that the progressive muscle relaxation reduced the means of stress and promoted well-being at work among the nurses.
Eosinopenia and COVID-19
Authors: Tanni Fahmina , Akker Eleonora , Zaman Muhammad M. , Figueroa Nilka , Tharian Biju , Hupart Kenneth H. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Context
Early diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and patient isolation are important for both individual patient care and disease containment. The diagnosis is confirmed by testing for the presence of nasopharyngeal viral RNA with a polymerase chain reaction assay, which has limited availability, variable turnaround time, and a high false-negative rate. The authors report that a rapid laboratory test, the eosinophil count, readily obtained from a routine complete blood cell count (CBC), may provide actionable clinical information to aid in the early recognition of COVID-19 in patients, as well as provide prognostic information.

Objective
To investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of eosinopenia in COVID-19–positive patients.

Methods
The eosinophil results of routine CBC from the first 50 admitted COVID-19–positive patients were compared with the eosinophil results of 50 patients with confirmed influenza infection at the time of presentation to the emergency department at Coney Island Hospital in Brooklyn, New York. The number of patients with 0 eosinophils on the day of presentation was also compared between the 2 groups. Furthermore, the eosinophil counts in the 50 COVID-19 patients were reviewed for the first 5 days of their hospital stay and before discharge, along with the outcome (deceased vs discharged), and trends in eosinophil data were compared based on the outcome.

Results
On the day of presentation, 30 patients in the COVID-19 group (60%) and 8 patients in the influenza group (16%) had an eosinophil count of 0. An additional 14 patients in the COVID-19 group had 0 eosinophils during the following 2 days; the total number of patients in the COVID-19 group who had 0 eosinophils on admission or during the ensuing 2 days was 44 (88%). In addition, 18 of 21 (86%) deceased patients in the COVID-19 group who initially presented with eosinopenia remained eosinopenic compared with 13 of 26 (50%) survivors.

Conclusion
The absence of an eosinophil count in a CBC can aid in early diagnosis of COVID-19. It may be a useful tool in deciding whether to promptly isolate a patient and initiate specific therapies while waiting for confirmatory test results. Persistent eosinopenia after admission correlated with high disease severity and low rates of recovery.
Lithium Iron Aluminum Nickelate, LiNixFeyAlzO2—New Sustainable Cathodes for Next‐Generation Cobalt‐Free Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Muralidharan Nitin , Essehli Rachid , Hermann Raphael P. , Amin Ruhul , Jafta Charl , Zhang Junjie , Liu Jue , Du Zhijia , Meyer Harry M. , Self Ethan , Nanda Jagjit , Belharouak Ilias 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn recent years, cobalt has become a critical constraint on the supply chain of the Li‐ion battery industry. With the ever‐increasing projections for electric vehicles, the dependency of current Li‐ion batteries on the ever‐fluctuating cobalt prices poses serious environmental and sustainability issues. To address these challenges, a new class of cobalt‐free materials with general formula of LiNixFeyAlzO2 (x + y + z = 1), termed as the lithium iron aluminum nickelate (NFA) class of cathodes, is introduced. These cobalt‐free materials are synthesized using the sol–gel process to explore their compositional landscape by varying aluminum and iron. These NFA variants are characterized using electron microscopy, neutron and X‐ray diffraction, and Mössbauer and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy to investigate their morphological, physical, and crystal‐structure properties. Operando experiments by X‐ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and galvanostatic intermittent titration have been also used to study the crystallographic transitions, electrochemical activity, and Li‐ion diffusivity upon lithium removal and uptake in the NFA cathodes. NFA compositions yield specific capacities of ≈200 mAh g−1, demonstrating reasonable rate capability and cycling stability with ≈80% capacity retention after 100 charge/discharge cycles. While this is an early stage of research, the potential that these cathodes could have as viable candidates in next‐generation cobalt‐free lithium‐ion batteries is highlighted here.
Bioelectronics on Mammalian Collagen
Authors: Moreno Salvador , Keshtkar Javad , Rodriguez‐Davila Rodolfo Antonio , Bazaid Arwa , Ibrahim Hossam , Rodriguez Brian J. , Quevedo‐Lopez Manuel Angel , Minary‐Jolandan Majid 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCollagen has emerged as an attractive bioelectronics substrate candidate, given its biological origins as a structural protein found in organisms. Substrates for implantable electronics should be biocompatible and have similar mechanical properties to implant target tissues. Furthermore, the characteristic amino acid sequences in collagen promote cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation, all of which are advantageous when compared to commonly explored cellulose and silk. However, denaturation temperature and swelling in water/vacuum have been fundamental barriers to device fabrication on collagen. It is here described how these problems can be avoided for the fabrication of semiconductor devices on collagen. Transfer printing using a sacrificial layer of germanium oxide is used to fabricate capacitors, transistors, and an integrated inverter transistor circuits on the collagen substrate. The mobility and threshold voltage of the transistors on collagen show only ≈41% and ≈22% drop compared to the ones on rigid silicon substrate. The enzymatic digestion and swelling ratio of collagen can be decreased by 80% and 175%, respectively, via glutaraldehyde cross‐linking, while mechanical stiffness increases by more than 270%. This work demonstrates how collagen can be used as a bioelectronics substrate with tunable properties, thereby expanding its application range from transient to more permanent implantable electronics.
Benefits of continuous plow tillage to fragrant rice performance
Authors: Zhao Runmao , Luo Haowen , Wang Zhimin , Hu Lian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTillage is one of the most important management practices in rice (Oryza sativa L.) production. However, reports comparing fragrant rice performance under plow tillage vs. rotary tillage are scarce. Here we conducted a five‐season field experiment with a fragrant rice cultivar, Meixiangzhan‐2, to study the effects of continuous plow tillage on fragrant rice yield, quality, and grain concentration of 2‐acetyl‐1‐pyrroline (2‐AP), compared with conventional rotary tillage. The results showed that after three cropping seasons of continuous plowing, compared with conventional rotary tillage, plow tillage not only significantly increased grain yield and affected panicle number per area by 2.98–11.43% and 4.45–18.81%, respectively, but also promoted grain 2‐AP concentration and protein content by 17.27–31.46% and 3.94–7.10%, respectively. Moreover, plow tillage decreased grain amylose content by 1.83–3.52%. Compared with conventional rotary tillage, continuous plow tillage also significantly increased dry matter weight of fragrant rice at maturity as well as total N, P, and K accumulation in plant tissues. Moreover, the net income of fragrant rice under plow tillage was US$114.05–526.85 higher than rotary tillage per hectare in the last three cropping seasons. In conclusion, continuous plow tillage enhances fragrant rice performance (yield, quality, aroma) relative to rotary tillage. Our results also improve the scientific database on effects of tillage on rice production.
Major complications of aspirin desensitization and maintenance therapy in aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease
Authors: Sweis Auddie M. , Locke Tran B. , Ig‐Izevbekhai Kevin I. , Lin Theodore C. , Gleeson Patrick K. , Civantos Alyssa M. , Kumar Ankur , Corr Andrew M. , Kohanski Michael A. , Palmer James N. , Bosso John V. , Adappa Nithin D. 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundTreatment of aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) includes endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and aspirin desensitization (AD) with aspirin therapy after desensitization (ATAD). The objective of this study was to determine the rate of major complications associated with aspirin use that resulted in the discontinuation of aspirin therapy.MethodsThis study was a retrospective chart review of patients with AERD who underwent ESS, AD, and ATAD at a single AERD tertiary center between July 2016 and February 2019. Complications associated with aspirin that resulted in the discontinuation of aspirin therapy were analyzed via analysis of variance and logistic regression.ResultsIn total, 109 AERD patients underwent ESS with subsequent AD. Ten patients (9.2%) discontinued therapy after AD, before starting ATAD. Eight patients (7.3%) discontinued therapy after starting ATAD. There were 91 patients (83.5%) with no complications throughout ATAD. Reasons for discontinuation included gastritis, upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleed, anaphylaxis, persistent sinonasal symptoms, recurrent epistaxis, asthma exacerbation, and a nummular rash. There was no significant correlation between complication rate and (1) aspirin doses (analysis of variance [ANOVA] F: 0.69; p = 0.51), (2) gender (odds ratio [OR] 0.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.19 to 1.65; p = 0.30), (3) age (OR 1.04; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.09; p = 0.06), or (4) race/ethnicity (OR 1.12; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.44; p = 0.36).ConclusionAD with ATAD was associated with only a 0.92% incidence of a clinically significant GI bleed, and only a 0.92% incidence of anaphylaxis. A remaining 16 patients (14.7%) discontinued aspirin therapy due to minor clinical sequelae. These findings demonstrate that the majority of AERD patients tolerate AD with ATAD without any major complications.
Ein redoxaktives, heterobimetallisches N‐heterocyclisches Carben auf Basis eines Bis(imino)pyrazin‐Liganden
Authors: Regenauer Nicolas I. , Jänner Sven , Wadepohl Hubert , Roşca Dragoş‐Adrian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEin neuartiger Vertreter der N‐heterocyclischen Carbene (NHC) konnte ausgehend von einem N‐methylierten Pyrazindiimin‐Eisenkomplex dargestellt werden. Dieser zeichnet sich durch seine Fähigkeit als starker π‐Akzeptor/σ‐Donor aus und ermöglicht die gleichzeitige Koordination zweier Metallzentren. Die Redoxaktivität des Systems konnte durch reversible chemische Oxidation einer heterobimetallischen Fe0/RhI‐Komplexverbindung gezeigt und das dabei entstehende ligandenzentrierte Radikalkation isoliert werden. In einem ersten Beispiel konnte dieser reversible Redoxprozess in der katalytischen Hydrosilylierung von 4,4′‐Difluorobenzophenon angewandt werden. Hierbei konnte die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit durch den Oxidationszustand des Katalysatorsystems reversibel moduliert werden. Das neue NHC agiert sowohl als starkes Elektrophil als auch als Nukleophil, was durch die reversible Aktivierung von Alkoholen und Aminen gezeigt werden konnte. Die elektronische Struktur der resultierenden Komplexe wurde mittels verschiedener spektroskopischer als auch quantenchemischer Methoden untersucht.
Chiral Cyclopentadienyl Ligands: Design, Syntheses, and Applications in Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Mas‐Roselló Josep , Herraiz Ana G. , Audic Benoît , Laverny Aragorn , Cramer Nicolai 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe creation of new chiral ligands capable of providing high stereocontrol in metal‐catalyzed reactions is crucial in modern organic synthesis. The production of bioactive molecules as single enantiomers is increasingly required, and asymmetric catalysis with metal complexes constitutes one of the most efficient synthetic strategies to access optically active compounds. Herein we offer a historical overview on the development of chiral derivatives of the ubiquitous cyclopentadienyl ligand (CpX), and detail their successful application in a broad range of metal‐catalyzed transformations. Those include the functionalization of challenging C−H bonds and beyond, giving access to an extensive catalogue of valuable chiral molecules. A critical comparison of the existing ligand families, their design, synthesis, and complexation to different metals is also provided. In addition, future research directions are discussed to further enhance the performance and application of CpXligands in enantioselective catalysis.