bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perfusion Computed Tomography Scan Imaging in Differentiation of Benign from Malignant Parotid Lesions
Authors: Niazi Masume , Mohammadzadeh Maryam , Aghazadeh Kayvan , Sharifian Hashem , Karimi Ebrahim , Shakiba Madjid , Baniasadi Maria , Rahmaty Benyamin , Adel Suzan , Moharreri Melorina 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Introduction The most common site of salivary gland tumors is the parotid gland. Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and sonography are imaging modalities to differentiate benign from malignant parotid tumors.
Objective The aim of this study is the evaluation of the diagnostic value of perfusion CT for differentiating histological categorization of benign and malignant parotid tumors.
Methods A total of 29 patients with parotid neoplasms were enrolled in this study. Mean age and all CT perfusion variables (gradient and permeability, blood flow [BF], blood volume [BV], mean transit time [MTT], permeability surface [PS], maximum intensity projection [MIP], time-density curve [TDC], and time to peak [TTP]) were compared among three groups (malignant tumors [MTs], Warthin's tumor [WT] and pleomorphic adenomas [PA]).
Results The mean age of the patients was 55.9 ± 14.1 (26–77), and 15 of them were male (51.7%). Eleven lesions were PAs [37.9%], 8 lesions were WTs (27.6%0 and 10 lesions (34.5%) were MTs (6 acinic cell carcinomas [ACCs], 3 adenocystic carcinomas [AdCCs], and 1 mucoepidermoid carcinoma [MEC]). The mean age of the patients with WTs was 62 ± 7.5 years; 52 ± 14.2 for patients with Pas, and 55.2 ± 17.2 for those with MTs (p = 0.32). The mean MIP was 122.7 ± 12.2 in WT, while it was 80.5 ± 19.5 in PA, and 76.2 ± 27.1 in MTs (p < 0.001); The mean MIP for WT was higher than for PAs and MTs; the values of MTs and PAs were not statistically different. The average of BF, BV, and curve peak were higher in WTs in comparison with the other two groups, and curve time 2 and TTP were higher in PAs in comparison with MTs.
Conclusion Based on this study, perfusion CT of the parotid gland and its parameters can distinguish between benign and malignant parotid masses.
Morphometric Determination of Sex of Hyoid Bone
Authors: BM Sharada ,   Savitha V,   Sunitha R
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background and Objectives The hyoid bone shows sexually dimorphic features, which could be used in the sex determination aspect of establishing the biological profile in the remains of skeleton. The aim of this study was to investigate morphometrical variations of the hyoid bone in South Indian population.
Materials and Methods A total of 60 adult larynx specimens (30 male and 30 female) with attached hyoid bone were dissected out from postmortem cadavers. The infrahyoid muscles and thyrohyoid membrane were removed. Hyoid bone was dissected and dried completely. Total 10 measurements like length of each greater cornua, length of body, major transverse axis, total hyoid length on both the sides, breadth of hyoid, and height of body of hyoid were taken on each hyoid bone using a digital Vernier caliper.
Results The range, mean, standard deviation, and level of significance of all 10 parameters of hyoid bone were calculated using standard statistical method. Most of the parameters showed significant difference between the values of male and female hyoid bones.
Conclusion Values obtained for all 10 parameters of hyoid bone were higher in males compared with females, which is suggestive that male hyoid bones are larger in size compared with female hyoid bones.
Study of Pterygospinous and Pterygoalar Bars in Relation to Foramen Ovale in Dry Human Skulls
Authors: Singh Arvind Kumar , Niranjan Richa 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Anatomical knowledge of bony bridges around the foramen ovale may be helpful for diagnostic and invasive neurosurgical procedures like electroencephalogram analysis, trigeminal rhizotomy, biopsy of cavernous sinus tumors, and mandibular nerve block.Lateral pterygoid plate forms an important landmark for mandibular anesthesia; therefore, any variation related to lateral pterygoid plate is likely to create confusion during the maneuver of anesthesia.
Aims and Objective The aim of the study was to explore any bony obstacle within and around Foramen ovale. Obstacles in form of ossified complete or incomplete ligaments. Additional foramina formed by ligaments or any bony enlargement might disturb the structures passing through the Foramen ovale.
Methods Around 530 dried crania (from medical colleges in Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh) were observed to find ossified ligaments and foramen formed by them. Crania associated with bilateral enlarged lateral pterygoid plate other than the average width of 1.5 cm were included in this study. Length of ligaments and width of pterygoid plate were measured by digital Vernier calipers.
Results Out of 530 crania, unilateral 52 ossified pterygospinous ligament (incomplete 31 and complete 21) were observed. Among them some rare variation was found along with ossified pterygospinous and pterygoalar ligament, one cranium along with unilateral pterygospinous bar was also having bar within foramen ovale, forming an accessory osseous compartment, found to be rare kind of variation. Another unilateral complete pterygospinous bar was enclosing two foramens instead of one. Only single cranium was found to have pterygoalar bar, related medial to foramen ovale. One cranium was associated with bilateral enlarged lateral pterygoid plate (i.e., 2.5 cm) was also found to be obliterating the space, that is, retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal space for surgeons.
Conclusion This study would provide the anatomical knowledge of these bony bridges around the foramen ovale and may be helpful for diagnostic and neurosurgical procedure like microvascular decompression by percutaneous trigeminal rhizotomy for trigeminal neuralgia, percuatneous biopsy of cavernous sinus tumor and mandibular nerve block by lateral subzygomatic route. Thus, lateral pterygoid plate forms an important landmark for mandibular anesthesia.
Endoscopic Endonasal Transodontoid Approach for Degenerative Pseudotumor of the Craniocervical Junction
Authors: Venteicher Andrew S. , Goldschmidt Ezequiel , McDowell Michael M. , Wang Eric W. , Snyderman Carl H. , Gardner Paul A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractVentral masses of the craniocervical junction threaten the medulla and upper spinal cord leading to lower cranial nerve dysfunction and myelopathy. Traditional transoral and newer endonasal approaches can access ventral pathology in this region, though both remain challenging due to the competing goals of achieving sufficient decompression, yet mitigating risk to nearby critical neurovascular structures. Transoral approaches have traditionally been avoided for degenerative pseudotumor which generally slowly regresses following posterior fixation. Here, we present two cases of patients with significant retroodontoid degenerative pseudotumor and pannus causing dysphagia and myelopathy. The first patient was found with a large broad pannus requiring a wide decompression extending from lower clivus to inferior aspect of the C1 arch and odontoid process. The second patient had a more focal mass effect due to pannus and synovial cyst at the level of the inferior half of C1 and midodontoid. Both patients underwent an endoscopic endonasal transodontoid approach for immediate decompression followed by a posterior C1–C2 fusion. In these surgical videos, we highlight anatomic considerations in this critical area, demonstrate nuances of technique, and outline strategies to avoid complications and maximize exposure.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/19I-GQYGIr4.
Equality prescribed? Contextual determinants of citizens’ support for gender boardroom quotas across Europe
Authors: Möhring Katja , Teney Céline 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe provide the first cross-national comparative study of citizens’ support for affirmative action policies in the economy using the example of gender quotas for company boards. In contrast to previous studies, we focus on the contextual level and analyse how factors related to political institutions and actors, and economic and social structure shape citizens’ support and the gap in support between men and women. We apply multilevel regression analyses of Eurobarometer data for 27 European countries. Levels of support and gender gaps in support for boardroom quotas vary largely between countries. Contextual factors related to existing quota laws, gender equality in social and economic life, and public opinion towards state intervention are important determinants of cross-national variation. Our results point to an ambiguous relationship of support for gender quotas and actual gender equality in a country. Citizens’ endorsement of quotas is low in countries with high levels of formal gender equality. Support is higher in countries where interventionist policies are widely accepted. Also, existing quota laws are positively related to citizens’ support of boardroom quotas.
Single molecule characterization of individual extracellular vesicles from pancreatic cancer
Authors: Lennon Kathleen M. , Wakefield Devin L. , Maddox Adam L. , Brehove Matthew S. , Willner Ari N. , Garcia‐Mansfield Krystine , Meechoovet Bessie , Reiman Rebecca , Hutchins Elizabeth , Miller Marcia M. , Goel Ajay , Pirrotte Patrick , Van Keuren‐Jensen Kendall , Jovanovic‐Talisman Tijana 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTBiofluid‐accessible extracellular vesicles (EVs) may represent a new means to improve the sensitivity and specificity of detecting disease. However, current methods to isolate EVs encounter challenges when they are used to select specific populations. Moreover, it has been difficult to comprehensively characterize heterogeneous EV populations at the single vesicle level. Here, we robustly assessed heterogeneous EV populations from cultured cell lines via nanoparticle tracking analysis, proteomics, transcriptomics, transmission electron microscopy, and quantitative single molecule localization microscopy (qSMLM). Using qSMLM, we quantified the size and biomarker content of individual EVs. We applied qSMLM to patient plasma samples and identified a pancreatic cancer‐enriched EV population. Our goal is to advance single molecule characterization of EVs for early disease detection.Abbreviations: EV: Extracellular Vesicle; qSMLM: quantitative Single Molecule Localization Microscopy; PDAC: Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor 1; CA19‐9: carbohydrate antigen 19‐9; SEC: size exclusion chromatography; WGA: wheat germ agglutinin; AF647: Alexa Fluor 647; Ab: antibody; HPDEC: Healthy Pancreatic Ductal Epithelial Cell; TEM: Transmission Electron Microscopy.
Capture of material by the protosatellite disks of Jupiter and Saturn
Authors: Kronrod V A , Makalkin A B 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The problem of passing planetesimals through the accretion disks of Jupiter and Saturn and capture of their material into the disks is considered taking into account processes of aerodynamic braking, fragmentation, and ablation of the bodies in the disk’s gas medium. We have obtained limitations on planetesimal sizes at which the body remains in the protosatellite disk. Estimates are made for the mass of material captured into the disk for the case of power-law mass (and size) distribution of planetesimals. The narrower size range for the captured bodies and longer duration of satellite formation could yield the low differentiation of Callisto as compared with Ganymede. Only minor planetesimals with radii less than 12 m could be captured into the disk of Saturn in the formation region of Titan. This feature promoted significant lengthening of the process of Titan formation.
On Progress in Gravitational Waves Recording
Authors: Gladyshev V O , Fomin I V , Izmailov G N , Morozov A N , Pustovoit VI 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper adduces theoretical data and results of experimental studies confirming the existence of gravitational radiation predicted by the general theory of relativity. It also shows that studying of gravitational waves detection is based on equations of general relativity and equations of electrodynamics, and for modeling of gravitational waves space by sources, equations of hydrodynamics are used.
Fluctuation-dissipation phenomena in the Earth pole oscillations
Authors: Akulenko L D , Pochukaev V N , Perepelkin V V , Filippova A S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Earth pole oscillations at the Chandler frequency are studied taking into account nonlinear fluctuation-dissipative moments of forces and disturbances at the Chandler frequency and those close to it. For the stationary mode, the dependence of the external perturbation amplitude at the Chandler frequency on the dissipation coefficients is found. It is shown that the amplitude of the Chandler wobble is sensitive to the difference between the Chandler and close to it frequencies and nonlinear dissipation coefficients.
Application of Baushinger effect during prolonged storage in stressed state of elements of structures made of fiber reinforced plastic
Authors: Sayapin S N , Shkapov P M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The problem of the occurrence of irreversible residual deformations is reviewed arising in elements of structures made of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) after removing the long and continuous load. These residual deformations impair accuracy of the space structures from CFRP after removing the long load. It is generally known that breaking of the material below the ultimate stress by load cycle reversal in the plastic region is called the Bauschinger effect. Design therefore usually precludes cyclic loading into the plastic region. However, in case of low-cycle loading, the Bauschinger effect can be applied for reduction of the residual deformations in such structures by the pre-loading with opposite sign. CFRP has two plastic deformation stages: the first is ruled by dislocation interactions with the fibers and a real the Bauschinger effect can be observed in repeated tension test. A second stage occurs after 0.6% total strain and is connected with a break of carbon fibers. Examples of the occurrence of residual strain in outer structures from CFRP are shown. A new way of long-term storage in a stressed state of structural elements from CFRP developed on the basis of the Bauschinger effect is presented. The possibility of realization of the proposed method of storage is also shown.
Determination of the associated mass of liquid at vibrations of elastic rod for free surface
Authors: Goncharov D A , Pozhalostin A A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the problem of free bending vibrations of a rectilinear rod floating on the free surface of a liquid in a rectangular rigid container. This problem is associated with well-known problems, where numerical solutions or asymptotics of the problem of the vibrations of a rod or plates on the free surface of a liquid are considered. On the basis of the accepted assumptions, an exact, analytical solution of this boundary value problem is obtained.
Effect of an upper layer of viscous liquid on breaking surface gravity waves
Authors: Kalinichenko V A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The effect of the upper layer of water-immiscible oil on the process of regularization of breaking standing gravity waves on the free surface of a two-layer system in a rectangular vessel has been experimentally investigated for the first time. A comparison is made with the case of standing gravity waves on the free surface of homogeneous liquids (water and seed oil).
Using depth map algorithms to improve the quality of object identification on digital stereo images
Authors: Shkapov P M , Blagoveschensky I G , Petryakov A N , Blagoveschensky V G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
For the first time experimentally investigated the use of a vision system using the technology of depth maps, infrared depth sensor, laser rangefinder, lidar to determine the relief and geometric dimensions of the object on digital stereo images, which allows continuous monitoring of the state of any process. Methods of digital image processing are presented. The main advantages of such systems are considered.
Designing forward converters for data transmission systems in two-level RNS
Authors: Bergerman M V , Lyakhov P A , Chervyakov N I , Kaplun D I , Bogaevskiy D V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We are considering the use of a two-stage Residue number system (RNS) in data transmission systems with a special set of modules {2
l
1
, 2
l
2
, 2
l
3
,…, 2
lp

− 1}. We propose the forward converter with such type of RNS and demonstrate its advantage in hardware costs and delay. This article discusses the FPGA simulation of a forward conversion circuit to a two-stage RNS using adders and the standard modulo function and their comparison in terms of delay and hardware costs.
On Linear Regression and other advanced algorithms for electrical load forecast using weather and time data
Authors: Khadiev K R , Safina L I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Energy field plays an important role in commercial world and makes a vital part of humanity. The paper considers the prediction problem concerning spent electrical energy in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. In fact, the task of electrical load prediction was set for each hour of the specified period. We solve the problem using Machine learning methods. Four models are considered. These are Linear Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest and Gradient Tree Boosting. Linear Regression method shows good results, the average relative error is 3.98%. Decision Tree and Random Forest show the worst result, the average relative error is 10.44%. Gradient Tree Boosting show the best result, the average relative error made 2.17%. At the same time, Linear Regression model is much faster than other ones and more useful in industry. In the paper we show that using several techniques we can improve results for Linear Regression, such that it will be close to another advanced algorithms. The average relative error that is less than 5% is considered as a high enough result. The solution of the problem with a small error allows us to prevent the accidents related to electric overload. We assume that load depends on date, time and temperature. Then input variable models were obtained from these data. It is common approach to use that parameters as input data but let us note that the results obtained by other researchers are not suitable for this area, since each area has individual climatic, geological and social features.
On some clarifications of estimates of Lyapunov’s exponents in the method of freezing
Authors: Lasunsky A V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Method of V.M. Alekseev was used to obtain the clarifications of lower estimates for the lower singular exponent and of upper estimates for the upper singular exponent of a linear system of differential equations. In contrast to the classical results of the freezing method, which assume that the derivatives of the elements of the matrix of the coefficients of the system are small, the new estimates admit that these derivatives are unbounded.
Calibration of thermal imaging systems based on matrix IR photodetectors
Authors: Petrov M N , Sobolev P S , Cherniak B V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The article presents a set of calibration techniques for thermal imaging systems calibration. The proposed algorithms allow high-precision calibration of the IR photodetector with finding and subsequent correction of the entire spectrum of defective pixels: by noise, amplitude and sensitivity. Part of the work is devoted to the development of methods for correcting the influence of ambient temperature on the optical system of a thermal imaging channel, which helps to prevent the effect of super saturation of the IR image pixels.
Mathematical modelling of magnetoelectric effect in multiferroic in thickness-shear mode region
Authors: Petrov V M , Saplev A F , Malyshev O I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The article discusses the magnetoelectric effect in the thickness-shear mode region in a layered structure of a piezoelectric bimorph and a magnetostrictive material. Numerical estimates according to the proposed theoretical model of the magnetoelectric effect in the structure of the langatate bimorph and yttrium-iron garnet show that the value of ME voltage coefficient is much higher than for the bilayer of langatate and yttrium-iron garnet.
Effect of electrically induced deformations on ferromagnetic resonance in multiferroic-based heterostructures
Authors: Petrov V M , Saplev A F 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper considers the change in the spectrum of ferromagnetic resonance in ferrite-piezoelectric layered structures in an external electric field. The induced magnetic anisotropy through the magnetoelastic interaction is generally non-uniform in thickness due to the presence of bending deformations. As a result, the applied electric field leads to a shift and broadening of the magnetic resonance line, which are determined by the composition and geometric dimensions of the structure layers. The paper presents a theoretical modeling of the magnetic resonance line broadening when additional buffer layers are inserted between the ferrite and piezoelectric layers to reduce the effect of a high-permittivity piezoelectric on the microwave field structure in the ferrite. The simulation results are considered on the example of layered structures of the composition of iron-yttrium garnet - lead titanate-zirconate. It is shown that at certain thicknesses of the magnetic and piezoelectric layers, the broadening of the magnetic resonance line as a function of the thickness of the buffer layer has a maximum. The results can be used in frequency-selective microwave devices with electrically tunable range.
Calculation of azimuthally currents on the disk
Authors: Sochilin A V , Eminov S I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The theory of the integral equation for azimuthal currents in the axisymmetric problem of diffraction on a disk is constructed. The study is based on the selection of the main positive operator. Existence and uniqueness theorems are obtained. An orthonormal basis satisfying the physical condition by Meixner on the edge is constructed. Calculations are made and good convergence of the reduction method is shown.
On the convergence rate of the quasi – Monte Carlo method of search for extremum
Authors: Tikhomirov A S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The convergence rate of the quasi – Monte Carlo method of search for extremum is examined. It is shown that, if the objective function is nonsingular, then the number of its evaluations required to obtain the desired accuracy ε in the solution can be a slowly (namely, logarithmically) growing function as ε approaches zero.