bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical study of electroosmotic slip flow of fractional Oldroyd‐B fluids at high zeta potentials
Authors: Wang Xiaoping , Jiang Yuting , Qiao Yanli , Xu Huanying , Qi Haitao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, an investigation of the electroosmotic flow of fractional Oldroyd‐B fluids in a narrow circular tube with high zeta potential is presented. The Navier linear slip law at the walls is considered. The potential field is applied along the walls described by the nonlinear Poisson–Boltzmann equation. It's worth noting here that the linear Debye–Hückel approximation can't be used at the condition of high zeta potential and the exact solution of potential in cylindrical coordinates can't be obtained. Therefore, the Matlab bvp4c solver method and the finite difference method are employed to numerically solve the nonlinear Poisson–Boltzmann equation and the governing equations of the velocity distribution, respectively. To verify the validity of our numerical approach, a comparison has been made with the previous work in the case of low zeta potential and the excellent agreement between the solutions is clear. Then, in view of the obtained numerical solution for the velocity distribution, the numerical solutions of the flow rate and the shear stress are derived. Furthermore, based on numerical analysis, the influence of pertinent parameters on the potential distribution and the generation of flow is presented graphically.
Enhanced viscoelastic focusing of particle in microchannel
Authors: Fan Liang‐Liang , Zhao Zhi , Tao Yi‐Yi , Wu Xu , Yan Qing , Zhe Jiang , Zhao Liang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA novel method is reported to enhance the focusing of microparticle in the viscoelastic fluid. Gradually contracted geometry is designed in microchannel, which changes the distribution of the elastic lift force on the cross section. Additionally, it induces the viscous drag force and the Saffman lift force in the lateral direction. Under the combined effect of these forces, microparticles fast migrate to the center of the channel. In comparison to the channel with constant cross section, the present channel significantly enhances the particle's lateral migration, leading to efficient viscoelastic particle focusing in a short channel length. The influence of flow rate, channel length, particle size and fluid property on the particle focusing is also investigated. With simple structure, small footprint and perfect particle focusing performance, the present device has great potential in the particle focusing processes in various lab‐on‐a‐chip applications.
Precise generation of dynamic biochemical signals by controlling the programmable pump in a Y‐shaped microfluidic chip with a “christmas tree” inlet
Authors: Na Jing‐Tong , Xue Chun‐Dong , Li Yong‐Jiang , Wang Yu , Liu Bo , Qin Kai‐Rong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe generation of dynamic biochemical signals in a microfluidic control system is of importance for the study of the interaction between biological cells and their niches. However, most of microfluidic control systems are not able to provide dynamic biochemical signals with high precision and stability due to inherent mechanical vibrations caused by the actuators of the programmable pumps. In this paper, we propose a novel microfluidic feedback control system integrating an external feedback control system with a Y‐shaped microfluidic chip with a “Christmas tree” inlet. The Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller is implemented to reduce the influence of vibrations. In order to regulate the control parameters efficiently, a mathematical model is built to describe the actuator of the programmable pump, in which a fractional‐order model is utilized. Both simulation and experimental studies are carried out, confirming that the microfluidic feedback control system can precisely and stably generate desired dynamic biochemical signals.
Terrestrial Toxicity of Synthetic Gas-to-Liquid versus Crude Oil–Derived Drilling Fluids in Soil
Authors: Arneson Westbrook Lisa , Chase Darcy A. , Mudge Joseph , Hughes Sarah A. , Lyon Delina , Dong Meijun , Carr Deborah , Anderson Todd A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Unlike most other conventional petroleum products that are derived from crude oil, gas-to-liquids (GTLs) are petroleum products that are synthesized from natural gas (methane). This process results in GTL products having no sulfur and low aromatic content, so they should have less impact on human health and the environment compared with crude oil–derived products. The GTLs have been registered for use as nonaqueous base fluids (NABFs) in drilling muds, which aid in the process of drilling wells for oil and gas extraction; it is through these uses and others that they enter terrestrial environments. The primary objective of the present study was to determine whether GTLs were less toxic to terrestrial soil biota than conventional NABFs used for land-based drilling, such as diesel and low-toxicity mineral oil (LTMO). A second objective was to understand the fate and impact of these fluids under more realistic soil and aging conditions of a common west Texas (USA) oil-producing region (i.e., sandy loam soil with low organic matter and a hot arid climate). Acute terrestrial toxicity studies were conducted on the soft-bodied terrestrial invertebrate earthworm (Eisenia fetida) along with 3 plant species—alfalfa (Medicago stavia), thickspike wheatgrass (Elymus lanceolatus), and fourwing saltbrush (Atriplex canescens). We also assessed changes in microbial community structure of the soils following additions of NABF. Overall, the GTL NABFs had lower toxicity compared with conventional NABFs like diesel and LTMO, as measured by invertebrate toxicity, plant seed germination, and impact on the microbial community. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:721–730. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Selenium Bioaccumulation Across Trophic Levels and Along a Longitudinal Gradient in Headwater Streams
Authors: Cianciolo Thomas R. , McLaughlin Daniel L. , Zipper Carl E. , Timpano Anthony J. , Soucek David J. , Whitmore Keridwen M. , Schoenholtz Stephen H. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Toxic effects of selenium (Se) contamination in freshwaters have been well documented. However, study of Se contamination has focused on lentic and larger order lotic systems, whereas headwater streams have received little scrutiny. In central Appalachia, surface coal mining is a common Se source to headwater streams, thus providing a useful system to investigate Se bioaccumulation in headwater food chains and possible longitudinal patterns in Se concentrations. Toward that end, we assessed Se bioaccumulation in 2 reference and 4 mining-influenced headwater streams. At each stream, we sampled ecosystem media, including streamwater, particulate matter (sediment, biofilm, leaf detritus), benthic macroinvertebrates, salamanders, and fish, every 400 m along 1.2- and 1.6-km reaches. We compared media Se concentrations within and among streams and evaluated longitudinal trends in media Se concentrations. Selenium concentrations in sampled media were higher in mining-influenced streams compared with reference streams. We found the highest Se concentrations in benthic macroinvertebrates; however, salamanders and fish bioaccumulated Se to potentially harmful levels in mining-influenced streams. Only one stream demonstrated dilution of streamwater Se with distance downstream, and few longitudinal patterns in Se bioaccumulation occurred along our study reaches. Collectively, our results provide a field-based assessment of Se bioaccumulation in headwater food chains, from streamwater to fish, and highlight the need for future assessments of Se effects in headwater streams and receiving downstream waters. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:692–704. © 2020 SETAC
Assessment of Rapid Hepatic Glycogen Synthesis in Humans Using Dynamic 13C Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Stender Stefan , Zaha Vlad G. , Malloy Craig R. , Sudderth Jessica , DeBerardinis Ralph J. , Park Jae Mo 
Published: January 2020

Carbon‐13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) following oral intake of 13C‐labeled glucose is the gold standard for imaging glycogen metabolism in humans. However, the temporal resolution of previous studies has been >13 minutes. Here, we describe a high‐sensitivity 13C MRS method for imaging hepatic glycogen synthesis with a temporal resolution of 1 minute or less. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were acquired from the liver of 3 healthy volunteers, using a 13C clamshell radiofrequency transmit and paddle‐shaped array receive coils in a 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging system. Following a 15‐minute baseline 13C MRS scan of the liver, [1‐13C]‐glucose was ingested and 13C MRS data were acquired for an additional 1‐3 hours. Dynamic change of the hepatic glycogen synthesis level was analyzed by reconstructing the acquired MRS data with temporal resolutions of 30 seconds to 15 minutes. Plasma levels of 13C‐labeled glucose and lactate were measured using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. While not detected at baseline 13C MRS, [1‐13C]‐labeled α‐glucose and β‐glucose and glycogen peaks accumulated rapidly, beginning as early as ~2 minutes after oral administration of [1‐13C]‐glucose. The [1‐13C]‐glucose signals peaked at ~5 minutes, whereas [1‐13C]‐glycogen peaked at ~25 minutes after [1‐13C]‐glucose ingestion; both signals declined toward baseline levels over the next 1‐3 hours. Plasma levels of 13C‐glucose and 13C‐lactate rose gradually, and approximately 20% of all plasma glucose and 5% of plasma lactate were 13C‐labeled by 2 hours after ingestion. Conclusion: We observed rapid accumulation of hepatic [1‐13C]‐glycogen following orally administered [1‐13C]‐glucose, using a dynamic 13C MRS method with a temporal resolution of 1 minute or less. Commercially available technology allows high temporal resolution studies of glycogen metabolism in the human liver.
Woolly Monkey–HBV Infection in Squirrel Monkeys as a Surrogate Nonhuman Primate Model of HBV Infection
Authors: Chen Christopher Y. , Winer Benjamin Y. , Chavez Deborah , Guerra Bernadette , Brasky Kathleen M. , Eng Stacey , Salas Eduardo , Tam Danny , Simmons Joe H. , Abee Christian R. , Delaney William E. , Ploss Alexander , Lanford Robert E. , Voitenleitner Christian 
Published: January 2020

Development of curative therapies for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection will likely require new animal models. Here, we evaluate HBV infection in squirrel monkeys based on the high‐sequence homology of the HBV receptor, Na+/taurocholate co‐transporting peptide (NTCP), between humans and squirrel monkeys. HBV PreS1 peptide was examined for binding human and squirrel monkey NTCP. Immunodeficient Fah

−/−
, NOD, Rag1

−/−
, Il2Rg
null (FNRG) mice engrafted with human or squirrel monkey hepatocytes were challenged with HBV or Woolly Monkey HBV (WMHBV). In addition, adult squirrel monkeys were inoculated with HBV, WMHBV, adeno‐associated virus containing an infectious genome of HBV (AAV‐HBV), and AAV‐WMHBV. Finally, neonate squirrel monkeys were assessed for the potential of chronic infection with WMHBV. PreS1 peptide efficiently bound to human and squirrel monkey NTCP but not to mouse or capuchin NTCP. FNRG mice engrafted with squirrel monkey hepatocytes were susceptible to infection by WMHBV but not human HBV. Similarly, adult squirrel monkeys could be infected with WMHBV but not human HBV, whereas chimeric mice engrafted with human hepatocytes were susceptible to HBV but not WMHBV. Infection of squirrel monkeys with AAV‐WMHBV yielded maximum viremia of 108 genomes/mL with detectable virus for up to 8 months. Notably, covalently closed circular DNA was detected in the liver of these animals. Infection of neonates with WMHBV led to detectable viremia for up to 6 months. Conclusions: Adult and neonate squirrel monkeys exhibited prolonged WMHBV viremia lasting 6‐8 months. This is greater than twice the duration of viremia achieved in other nonhuman primates and suggests that squirrel monkeys may be a suitable model for testing HBV therapeutics.
Impaired tumor necrosis factor‐α secretion by CD4 T cells during respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis associated with recurrent wheeze
Authors: Kitcharoensakkul Maleewan , Bacharier Leonard B. , Yin‐Declue Huiqing , Boomer Jonathan S. , Sajol Geneline , Leung Marilyn K. , Wilson Brad , Schechtman Kenneth B. , Atkinson John P. , Green Jonathan M. , Castro Mario 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundInfants with severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis have an increased risk of recurrent wheezing and asthma. We aimed to evaluate the relationships between regulatory T cell (Treg) percentage and cytokine production of in vitro‐stimulated CD4+ T cells during acute bronchiolitis and the development of recurrent wheezing in the first 3 years of life.MethodsWe obtained peripheral blood from 166 infants hospitalized with their first episode of RSV‐confirmed bronchiolitis. Granzyme B (GZB) expression, and interleukin‐10, interferon‐γ, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), IL‐4, and IL‐5 production by in vitro anti‐CD3/CD28‐ and anti‐CD3/CD46‐activated CD4+ T cells, and percentage of peripheral Treg (CD4+CD25hiFoxp3hi) cells were measured by flow cytometry. Wheezing was assessed every 6 months. Recurrent wheezing was defined as three or more episodes following the initial RSV bronchiolitis.ResultsSixty‐seven percent (n = 111) of children had wheezing after their initial RSV infection, with 30% having recurrent wheezing. The percentage of peripheral Treg (CD4+CD25hiFoxp3hi) cells was not significantly different between the wheezing groups. Decreased TNF‐α production from anti‐CD3/CD28− and anti‐CD3/CD46− activated CD4+ T cells was observed in the recurrent wheezers, compared with nonwheezers (p = .048 and .03, respectively). There were no significant differences in the GZB+ CD4+ T cells and production of other inflammatory cytokines between these groups.ConclusionsWe demonstrated lower TNF‐α production by in vitro stimulated CD4+ T cells during severe RSV bronchiolitis in children that subsequently developed recurrent wheezing, compared with children with no subsequent wheeze. These findings support the role of CD4+ T cell immunity in the development of subsequent wheezing in these children.
Potentiality of Protein phosphatase Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1D as a biomarker for predicting prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia patients
Authors: Yu Meijia , Hu Jie , He Di , Chen Qi , Liu Suna , Zhu Xiaoling , Li Bin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to investigate the correlation of protein phosphatase Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1D (PPM1D) with the risk stratification, treatment response, and survival profile in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients.MethodsTotally 221 de novo AML patients and 50 healthy donors were enrolled. The bone marrow samples were collected before treatment from AML patients and acquired after enrollment from healthy donors. And bone marrow mononuclear cells were separated for detecting the mRNA/protein expressions of PPM1D by reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Complete remission (CR) was assessed after induction treatment, and event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated in AML patients.ResultsPPM1D mRNA (P < .001)/protein (P < .001) relative expressions were increased in AML patients compared with healthy donors, and receiver operating characteristic curve presented that PPM1D mRNA (AUC: 0.728, 95% CI: 0.651‐0.806)/protein (AUC: 0.782, 95% CI: 0.707‐0.857) relative expressions could differentiate AML patients from healthy donors. In AML patients, PPM1D mRNA (P < .001)/protein (P < .001) high relative expressions were correlated with poor‐risk stratification. As for its association with prognosis, PPM1D mRNA (P < .001)/protein (P = .010) relative expressions were elevated in CR patients compared with non‐CR patients. Patients with PPM1D mRNA (P < .001 for EFS; P = .004 for OS)/protein (P < .001 for EFS; P = .006 for OS) high relative expressions exhibited reduced EFS and OS compared with those with low expressions.ConclusionPPM1D high expression correlates with poor‐risk stratification and might serve as a potential biomarker for worse prognosis in AML patients, suggesting its potential to guide AML management.
Role of hematological parameters in the diagnosis of influenza virus infection in patients with respiratory tract infection symptoms
Authors: Han Qingzhen , Wen Xiaomin , Wang Lin , Han Xiu , Shen Yimin , Cao Jun , Peng Qunxin , Xu Jie , Zhao Lina , He Jun , Yuan Hong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe differential diagnoses of patients hospitalized for respiratory infections due to influenza virus vs other pathogens are challenging. Our study investigated whether hematological parameters such as neutrophil (N), lymphocyte (L), platelet (PLT), and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) contributed in diagnosing influenza virus infections and in discriminating other respiratory infections.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the laboratory characteristics of 307 patients with respiratory infections caused by influenza/non‐influenza virus and bacteria. The diagnostic abilities of hematological indexes were evaluated in the patients compared with 100 healthy people.ResultsThe hematological parameters in patients with influenza virus infection were dramatically altered compared with those in the controls. Additionally, among the systemic inflammatory markers, the sensitivity of NLR for influenza detection was higher than that of N and L. PLT was significantly lower in influenza virus‐positive infection than in influenza virus‐negative infection. Moreover, when patients with influenza virus infection were cured, PLT returned to a normal level. The red blood cell (RBC) and hemoglobin (Hb) levels of influenza virus infection were higher than those of bacterial infection. Compared with traditional N and L, NLR and platelet‐to‐neutrophil (PNR) showed greater significance between influenza virus and bacterial infection (P < .01).ConclusionNeutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio with high sensitivity is a preferable diagnostic tool to screen influenza virus‐infected patients than N and L. PLT accounts in the differential diagnoses of respiratory infections due to influenza virus and other pathogens among patients. In addition, RBC, Hb, NLR, and PNR can significantly differentiate between influenza virus infections and bacterial infections.
MicroRNA‐769‐5p suppresses cell growth and migration via targeting NUSAP1 in bladder cancer
Authors: Chen Yifan , Zhang Wentao , Kadier Aimaitiaji , Zhang Haimin , Yao Xudong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundNucleolar and spindle‐associated protein 1 (NUSAP1) has been identified to be strongly implicated in the carcinogenesis of cervical carcinoma, breast cancer, and liver cancer, and shows a high expression level in bladder cancer, indicating that NUSAP1 might be a potent target for cancer treatment. Using bioinformatics methods, we found that NUSAP1 was a putative target of miR‐769‐5p. Here, we aimed to explore whether miR‐769‐5p is involved in bladder cancer progression via targeting NUSAP1.MethodsMiR‐769‐5p expression patterns in bladder cancer tissues and cells were detected by RT‐PCR. Kaplan‐Meier was used to determine the clinical effects of miR‐769‐5p expression levels on the overall survival of bladder cancer patients. Bioinformatics methods were used to predict the binding sites between miR‐769‐5p and NUSAP1, which was verified by the luciferase gene reporter assay. CCK‐8, flow cytometry, wound healing and transwell chamber experiments were performed to test cell growth, apoptosis, migration and invasion capacities.ResultsmiR‐769‐5p was lowly expressed in bladder cancer tissues and cells, which was closely associated with poor prognosis. Overexpression of miR‐769‐5p induced significant repressions in cell growth, migration, and invasion and caused an obvious increase in cell apoptosis, whereas these tendencies were reversed when NUSAP1 was upregulated.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that miR‐769‐5p functions as a tumor suppressor in bladder cancer via targeting NUSAP1.
Optimum rates of surface‐applied coal char decreased soil ammonia volatilization loss
Authors: Panday Dinesh , Mikha Maysoon M. , Collins Harold P. , Jin Virginia L. , Kaiser Michael , Cooper Jennifer , Malakar Arindam , Maharjan Bijesh 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFertilizer N losses from agricultural systems have economic and environmental implications. Soil amendment with high C materials, such as coal char, may mitigate N losses. Char, a coal combustion residue, obtained from a sugar factory in Scottsbluff, NE, contained 29% C by weight. A 30‐d laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the effects of char addition on N losses via nitrous oxide (N2O) emission, ammonia (NH3) volatilization, and nitrate (NO3–N) leaching from fertilized loam and sandy loam soils. Char was applied at five different rates (0, 6.7, 10.1, 13.4, and 26.8 Mg C ha−1; char measured in C equivalent) to soils fertilized with urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) at 200 kg N ha−1. In addition, there were two negative‐UAN control treatments: no char (no UAN) and char at 26.8 Mg C ha−1 (no UAN). Treatment applied at 6.7 and 10.1 Mg C ha−1 in fertilized sandy loam reduced NH3 volatilization by 26–37% and at 6.7, 10.1, and 13.4 Mg C ha−1 in fertilized loam soils by 24% compared with no char application. Nitrous oxide emissions and NO3–N leaching losses were greater in fertilized compared with unfertilized soil, but there was no effect of char amendment on these losses. Because NO3–N leaching loss was greater in sandy loam than in loam, soil residual N was twofold higher in loam than in sandy loam. This study suggests that adding coal char at optimal rates may reduce agricultural reactive N to the atmosphere by decreasing NH3 volatilization from fertilized soils.
AAVS1 site‐specific integration of the CAR gene into human primary T cells using a linear closed‐ended AAV‐based DNA vector
Authors: Chen Wei , Tan Liang , Zhou Qungang , Li WenSheng , Li Taiming , Zhang Chun , Wu Jianxiang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundUse of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells has become a promising strategy in cancer immunotherapy. However, safety in clinical application is also one of the most controversial issues.MethodsIn the present study, we investigated the application of a non‐viral site‐directed vector (CELiD [closed‐ended linear duplex DNA]) dependent on adeno‐associated virus (AAV) genomes for the purpose of safe CAR‐T engineering. We co‐electroporated CD19‐CAR encoding “CELiD” vectors with plasmid pCMV‐Rep into human T cells and ensured stably transfected CAR‐T cells by G418 selection. The efficiency of AAVS1 site‐specific integration was analyzed by a real‐time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsCAR‐T cells engineered by CELiD vectors could be established within 20 days with up to 22.8% AAVS1 site‐specific integration efficiency. CAR expression and cytokine secretion of CAR modified T cells were evaluated in vitro. Abundant effector cytokines were produced by the CAR‐T cells engineered by CELiD vectors compared to control T cells and the killing efficiency of target cells was estimated to as high as 75% in vitro.ConclusionsWith the help of the AAV‐derived CELiD vector, CAR genes were preferentially integrated into the AAVS1 site. This technology could be utilized in human T cell modification and remove the safety constraints of CAR‐T therapy.