bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating Fluid Parameters in Nanofiber Biomaterial Fabrication using Electrospinning
Authors: Yusro Muhammad , Martien Ronnie 
Published: June 2020

Fabricating nanofiber biomaterial using electrospinning is difficult due to its bioactive characteristics. Even though electrospinning is mentioned as the most well-established approach to produce nanofiber, it is undeniable that fluid factors involved in determining the product result. In this research, three influenced factors including viscosity, conductivity, and surface tension are investigated in the system of Biomaterial Composite that contains mixed Chitosan-Pectin material blended to the Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA). Various concentrations were made up to create an assorted liquid profile to some extent influencing fluid characteristic which affecting fabrication result. This research also analyzed the interaction between group materials using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR). Moreover, bead and spray phenomena which are commonly occurred in the process of fabrication are also deliberated correlating with fluid parameters. This experiment revealed that the range of the ability of the composite solution that can be fabricated was from 90/10 to 60/40 with the average diameter size for each composition are 90/10 = 155,39 ± 43,68 nm, 80/20 = 99,03± 26.01 nm, 70/30 = 111,387 ± 50,06 nm, and 60/40 = 107,06 ± 47,36 nm. Regarding fluid characteristics, the discrepancy related to the effect of viscosity to nanofiber size has occurred due to the nonuniform shape and type that affected the average size of the nanofiber. Meanwhile, the conductivity parameter found as the main reason related to the limited ability of the electrospinning process. Furthermore, the surface tension parameters noted as a factor that influencing droplet and beads formation.
Formulation and Evaluation of Transdermal Topical Gel of Ibuprofen
Authors: Kashyap Ankita , Das Asha , Ahmed Abdul Baquee 
Published: June 2020

The present research work is based on the formulation and evaluation of topical gel of Ibuprofen where Carbopol 940 is used as the polymer. Gels were prepared by dispersing the polymers in a mixture of water and glycerol with methyl paraben as the preservative and the varying amount of ibuprofen, being kept under magnetic stirring until the homogeneous dispersion was formed. The dispersion was then neutralized and made viscous by the addition of triethanolamine. The Carbopol gels of Ibuprofen were found to be homogenous with good drug loading. The pH of all the gel formulations was found within the neutral pH range which is compatible with skin. And the viscosity of the formulations was found to be feasible for topical drug delivery. The drug content of the three formulations was found in the range of 87.56% to 90.45% which shows efficient drug loading. Results of In vitro drug release study showed that F5 formulation has better diffusion of drug through egg membrane and hence further permeation studies were carried out through rat epidermis. The compatibility study showed that the major peaks in FTIR spectra of the pure drug were found to be intact in their physical mixture. Hence there is no interaction between drug and Carbopol in their physical mixture. Carbopol can be effectively used as the polymer for topical gel preparation. And F5 formulation containing 0.5 % w/w Carbopol 940 may be effectively used as topical transdermal delivery for Ibuprofen.
Keywords: Ibuprofen, Transdermal Gel, Drug release, Compatibility study
Preparation and Evaluation of Sulfacetamide Sodium Ocusert for Controlled Drug Delivery
Authors: Nagpal Manisha A , Sharma Karan , Anand Nupur , Singh Disha , Dhawan Ravi , Usman Md. Rageeb Md. , Nagpal Navneet 
Published: June 2020

The intent of this research was to formulate and evaluate controlled release ocusert of sulfacetamide sodium for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. Ocusert is a sterile preparation having drug as dispersion or as solution in the polymeric base. Prepared Ocuserts were formulated using hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose K-15 and Ethyl cellulose as polymers at various concentrations and combinations. Polymeric Films were prepared by mercury casting method using different ratios of polymers. Selected physiochemical properties such as thickness, weight, percentage moisture absorption, and in-vitro release and sterility studies of sulfacetamide sodium ocusert were studied and reported that prepared ocusert resolved the problems of poor bioavailability, frequent dosing and wastage of active ingredient.
Keywords: Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose K-15, ocusert, sulfacetamide sodium
Antitoxic, Antifungal and Phytochemical Analysis of Medicinal Compounds of Guiera senegalensis Leaves
Authors: Anka Z.M. , Singh Vijender , Gimba S.N. , Singh Gunjan 
Published: June 2020

Millions of people in the world depend on traditional medicinal plants for treatment of many diseases. They have curative properties due to presence of various complex chemical substances of different composition, which are found as secondary plant metabolites in one or more parts of these plants. These plant metabolites according to their composition are grouped as flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins etc. Guiera senegalensis(Gs), which grows in abundance in semi-desert area of Western Africa such as Nigeria, has been used for treating specific diseases and wounds. The study is carried out to investigate the phytochemical analysis, toxicity, and the antifungal activity of Gs leaves extract.
Keywords: Guiera senegalensis, Antifungal activity, Brine shrimp, toxicity, phytochemical analysis;
Synthesis and characterization of some novel coumarin based various 2-aryl-pyrido [3,2-c] coumarins
Authors: Pandya Mahesh K. , Parekh Tapan H. , Chhasatia Mehulsinh R. , Vala Nileshkumar D. 
Published: June 2020

A survey of the literature reveals that the number of coumarin derivatives having heterocyclic moieties either as substituent groups or fused with parent coumarin nucleus possesses a variety of functions and are widely used in drugs and dyes. Because of this wide utility, the synthesis of coumarin has remained a subject of active interest. Looking at the importance of these heterocoumarins and with a view to exploring new methods of their synthesis, the present work was undertaken and this synthesis deals with various 2-aryl-pyrido [3,2-c] coumarins. The compounds have been synthesized by reacting Mannich bases of various 4-hydroxy coumarins with pyridinium salts of various aroyl methyl bromides in the presence of ammonium acetate and acetic acid. All the compounds synthesized have been characterized by analytical and spectral data.
Keywords: Pyrido, Coumarins, Krohanke’s reaction.
Antioxidant Activity of Centaurium erythraea Extracts
Authors: Merghem Mounira , Dahamna Saliha 
Published: June 2020

Phototherapy has known a great evolution all the world and some medicinal plants are importance remedies of some diseases. Centaurium erythraea is one of the medicinal plants widely used in this field. In this study, we have evaluated the total polyphenolic and the flavonoid contents of the methanolic (ME) and aqueous (AqE) extracts of the plant Centaurium erythraea as well as its antioxidant activity using the DPPH (2'2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl), β-carotene /linoleic acid bleaching and reducing power assays. The total polyphenolic content of the methanolic extract was 35,45± 0,041 μg AGE/mg extract and flavonoids was 6,65 ± 0,060 μg QE/mg. The total polyphenolic content of the aqueous extract was 54,27 ± 0,023 μg AGE/mg extract and flavonoids was 3,275 ± 0,003 μg QE/mg. The results of the DPPH test showed a powerful antioxidant activity with a very similar IC50 for the methanolic (IC50=0.232 ± 0.002mg/ml) and aqueous (0.208 ± 0.002mg/ml) extracts. The inhibitory activity of the tow extracts in the β-carotene/linoleic acid assay was (86.781 ± 0.17%) for the methanolic extract and (77.816 ± 0.69%) for the aqueous extract. ME has the higher reducing power (IC50 = 0.35 ± 0.066 mg / ml) compared to the AqE (IC50 = 1.31 ± 0.047 mg / ml).
Keywords: Centaurium erythraea, antioxidant activity, polyphenols, DPPH scavenging, β-carotene, reducing power.
Total phenolic and flavonoids contents in the standardized polyherbal formulation “vayusadi guggulu”
Authors: Sharma Vaishali , Dhaka Monika , Dhama Jyoti , Sharma Monika , Haque Md Rafiul 
Published: June 2020

Vayusadi guggulu vati (VGV), a polyherbal formulation is recommended for the management of diseases like obesity, arthritis, hyperlipidaemia and hyper cholesterol. Though Vayusadi guggulu vati is widely used for the treatment of obesity in Ayurvedic System of Indian Medicine, but till date, its quality standard study has not been carried out. In the present article, we evaluated the total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the standarised polyherbal VGV. The total phenolic content was determined by Folin Ciocalteu reagent (FC reagent) method. Aluminum chloride colorimetric method was used for total flavonoids contents determination. The VGV was standardized by physic-chemical parameters like total ash value, acid insoluble ash, loss on drying (LOD), PH, extractive value, phytochemical tests and thin layer chromatography (TLC). Determination of microbial load in different dilutions was also performed. Quality determination of vati (tablet) was also evaluated with help of various tablet parameters. Microbial load study revealed the growth of microbes increases with increases the dilutions. The phenolic and flavonoid contents in VGV were 190.16 ± 5.07 mg/g and 80.216 ± 2.07 mg/ g respectively. Physicochemical parameters such as total ash value (9.73 ± 1.45% W/W), acid insoluble ash (1.85± 0.40 % W/W), LOD (4.77 ± 0.45%W/W), PH 1% (4.6) water soluble extract (64.69 ± 3.42% W/W), alcohal soluble extract (50.56 ± 2.48% W/W) were assessed in preliminary physicochemical scanning. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) fingerprints study revealed that alcoholic and hexane extract of formulation showed 3 spots with different resolution in long wave UV 366 nm. TLC study revealed genuinely, quality and purity of formulation. Physico-chemical and microbial load result revealed that the formulation has a good quality. The inference from the present study may be used as reference standard in the further quality control researches.
Key words: Phenolic contents, flavonoid contents, microbial load, vayusadi guggulu vati
A Case Report of Nephrotic Syndrome with Anasarca in 3-Year-Old Girl
Authors: Nematullah Md , Sharma Keshav , Singh Rajveer , Kumar Ranjeet 
Published: June 2020

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is the most commonly encountered glomerular diseases in the child. One of the major problems in this disorder is hyper coagulopathy and increased risk of thrombosis. The cause of thrombosis is related to an imbalance of coagulation and anticoagulation factors. A 3-year-old female patient admitted in the pediatric ward with chief complaints is swelling over the face, hand, and legs from 10-12 days and mild pain in the abdomen 2-3 episode. While there are several more common causes of abdominal pain in children with nephrotic syndrome. This study reports that swelling over the face, hand, and legs. If Patients can take proper medication they can decrease the edema and improve their condition.
Keywords: Nephrotic syndrome, Anasarca, Edema
Comprehensive Review on Analytical Profile of Antidepressant Drug
Authors: Chaudhari Kamlesh Raju , Bhaskar Rajveer , Ola Monika , Patil Amod , Ambatkar Ankita , Mahajan Tejaswini 
Published: June 2020

Venlafaxine is an antidepressant belonging to a group of drugs called selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SSNRIs). Venlafaxine affects chemicals in the brain that may be unbalanced in people with depression. It is used to treat major depressive disorder, anxiety and panic disorder. The present review assesses the various approaches for analysis of Venlafaxine in bulk drug as well as various formulations. A concise review represents the compilation and discussion of about more than 35 analytical methods which includes HPLC, HPTLC, UPLC, LC-MS and UV-Spectrophotometry methods implemented for investigation of Venlafaxine in biological matrices, bulk samples and in different dosage formulations. This detailed review will be of great help to the researcher who is working on Venlafaxine.
Keywords: Venlafaxine; Analytical Profile; HPLC; HPTLC; Bioanalytical; Stability indicating
Strategiczne wyzwania w zakresie pomiaru i zarządzania ryzykiem utraty reputacji w bankach
Authors: Koleśnik Jan 
Published: June 2020

Celem artykułu jest przegląd i analiza regulacji nadzorczych oraz dotychczasowych badań w zakresie zarządzania ryzykiem utraty reputacji we współczesnym systemie bankowym ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem metod identyfikacji i pomiaru tego rodzaju ryzyka oraz instrumentów stosowanych w celu jego ograniczania. Zdaniem autora ryzyko utraty reputacji należy definiować jako oddzielny rodzaj ryzyka, jednak ze względu na jego specyficzną naturę nie powinien być on zarządzany odrębnie, ale w sposób zintegrowany z podstawowymi rodzajami ryzyka. Strategicznym postulatem dotyczącym mechanizmów redukcji ryzyka utraty reputacji w systemie bankowym jest zaś ograniczenie ryzyka upadłości dużych, wzajemnie powiązanych ze sobą instytucji poprzez zmniejszenie ich rozmiarów oraz ograniczenie wzajemnych połączeń, a także usprawnienie zarządzania procesem restrukturyzacji i uporządkowanej likwidacji banków.
Taxes: Taking a Bite out of Bitcoin
Authors: Inger Kerry K. , Mathis Mollie 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
This tax research case introduces students to virtual currency taxation issues, which are increasingly important in the global economy. The setting provides an overarching story with three inter-related taxpayers and a variety of transactions—miner, short-term investor, and long-term investor—thus, allowing instructors to assign individuals or groups to one or more scenarios. There is limited primary authority on virtual currency, leading students to relate the virtual currency transactions to existing primary authority. The case learning objectives are: (1) critical thinking, (2) technical knowledge, (3) tax research proficiency, and (4) written communication skills. Students identify relevant tax-related issues, conduct tax research, and prepare a research memorandum that summarizes their findings.
Modified AlexNet Convolution Neural Network For Covid-19 Detection Using Chest X-ray Images
Authors: Salih Shadman Q. , Abdulla Hawre Kh. , Ahmed Zanear Sh. , Surameery Nigar M. Shafiq , Rashid Rasper Dh. 
Published: June 2020

First outbreak of COVID-19 was in the city of Wuhan in China in Dec.2019 and then it becomes a pandemic disease all around the world. World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed more than 5.5 million cases and 341,155 deaths from the disease till the time of writing this paper. This new worldwide disease forced researchers to make more precise way to diagnose COVID-19. In the last decade, medical imaging techniques show its efficiency in helping radiologists to detect and diagnose the diseases. Deep learning and transfer learning algorithms are good techniques to detect disease from different image source types such as X-Ray and CT scan images. In this work we used a deep learning technique based on Convolution Neural Network (CNN) to detect and diagnose COVID-19 disease using Chest X-ray images. Moreover, the modified AlexNet architecture is proposed in different scenarios were differing from each other in terms of the type of the pooling layers and/or the number of the neurons that have used in the second fully connected layer. The used chest X-ray images are gathered from two COVID-19 X-ray image datasets and one dataset includes large number of normal and pneumonia X-ray images. With the proposed models we obtained the same or even better result than the original AlexNet with having a smaller number of neurons in the second fully connected layer.
Dual antiplatelet therapy prolongation in high-risk patients with prior myocardial infarction: insights from the post-PCI registry
Authors: Ferlini Marco , Rossini Roberta , Musumeci Giuseppe , Cornara Stefano , Somaschini Alberto , Grieco Niccolò , Marino Marcello , Calchera Ivan , Cardile Antonino , Colombo Paola , Martinoni Alessandro , Ielasi Alfonso , Castiglioni Battistina , Lettieri Corrado , Tarantini Giuseppe , Oltrona Visconti Luigi 
Published: June 2020

Background
Patients surviving a myocardial infarction (MI) are at a heightened risk for recurrent ischemic events that can be reduced with the long-term addition of a second antithrombotic drug to aspirin. However, data about real prescription of this therapy are lacking and sometimes controversial.

Methods
We aimed to describe the incidence and the determinants of a dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) prolongation beyond 12 months in a cohort of consecutive patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with prior MI undergoing PCI and features of high ischemic risk intended as age more than 65 years, second MI, type 2 diabetes mellitus, multivessel coronary artery disease (MVCAD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). We analysed patients enrolled in the prospective ‘Post-PCI’ registry that included patients treated with PCI for stable coronary artery disease (CAD) or acute coronary syndromes. At 12 months' follow-up, we collected data about DAPT prolongation in patients with prior MI and at least one of the previous features of high risk who did not experience ischemic and bleeding events during the follow-up.

Results
Among 1113 patients included in the registry, 778 (72%) presented the inclusion criteria for the present study: 434 (66%) were more than 65 years old, 245 (37%) had a second MI, 189 (29%) diabetes mellitus, 480 (73%) MVCAD and 216 (33%) CKD. Despite a DAPT being prescribed for 1 year in 86% of the patients, it was prolonged for over 12 months in 105 (16%) of them. At multivariable analysis, only second MI and MVCAD were independent predictors of DAPT prolongation in a model including age more than 65 years, diabetes mellitus, CKD and PCI on left main/left anterior descending coronary artery. We found no significant difference in DAPT prolongation according to a DAPT-score value at least 2 or based on the physician who actually performed the follow-up (clinical cardiologist, interventional cardiologist or other).

Conclusion
In patients with prior MI and features of high ischemic risk undergoing PCI, the rate of DAPT prolongation beyond 12 months was low; recurrent MI and MVCAD appeared as its main determinants.
A simple score to select patients for manual thrombectomy in emergent percutaneous coronary interventions: the DDTA score
Authors: Cordero Alberto , Freites Alfonso , Escribano David , Bertomeu-Martínez Vicente , Zuazola Pilar , Badimon Lina 
Published: June 2020

Background
The objective of manual thrombectomy is the removal of occlusive thrombus to improve the results of primary angioplasty. The better understanding of the factors associated with successful manual thrombectomy may provide relevant information regarding thrombus formation and resolution.

Methods
Observational study of all consecutive patients remitted for emergent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in a single centre. Successful manual thrombectomy was considered when TIMI 3 was achieved after using the device and a score to predict successful manual thrombectomy was designed.

Results
We included 618 patients, 65.1% treated with manual thrombectomy. No relevant differences in clinical features or time delays were observed between patients treated with vs. without manual thrombectomy, but manual thrombectomy treated patients received more often dual antiplatelet treatment (DAPT) before PCI. Final TIMI flow 3 was achieved in most patients and more frequently in manual thrombectomy treated patients (94.8 vs. 86.6%; P < 0.01). The successful manual thrombectomy rate was 81.3% and it was higher in patients pretreated with DAPT (89.0 vs. 73.3%; P < 0.01). The time delay to first medical contact was not related to the final TIMI 3, but it was significantly and negatively related to successful manual thrombectomy. According to the multivariate analysis, we designed the DDTA score: DAPT pretreatment (2), delay less than 2 h (3) or 2–4 h (2), TIMI flow improvement after wiring the lesion (2) and age less than 55 years (3). Patients with DDTA score at least 4 had lower no-reflow, mortality and major cardiovascular complications incidence.

Conclusion
The DDTA score (DAPT pretreatment, time delays, TIMI flow improvement after wiring the lesion and age) identifies patients who benefit mostly from manual thrombectomy.
Sejarah dan Makna Fotografi Karya Pelukis Istana, Dullah
Authors: Susanto Mikke , Irwandi Irwandi 
Published: June 2020

History and Meaning of Photography of a Palace Painter, Dullah. The existence of Dullah the painter is equal with other famous painters, such as Affandi, Basoeki Abdullah, S. Soedjojono and Hendra Gunawan. In 1950 to 1960, he was appointed by President Sukarno as a palace painter. Apart from painting, he also liked to take pictures. His object was around his work as a palace painter and President Sukarno's figure. Reviewed from the historical approach and the meaning explored in it, the photos have an interesting connection. Those photos hold important narratives, especially in the field of history for the Indonesian people. Dullah's photography was able to record the life of President Sukarno while at the palace and outside the presidential palace. The photos clearly illustrate the human side of Sukarno, as a father, a leader, and an art lover. By knowing the connection,, photographs of Dullah's work need to be socialized to the public and can be used as a means of national education for Indonesia, especially for prospective leaders. ABSTRAKEksistensi pelukis Dullah sejajar dengan pelukis ternama lain, seperti Affandi, Basoeki Abdullah, S. Soedjojono, dan Hendra Gunawan. Pada tahun 1950 hingga 1960, ia ditunjuk Presiden Sukarno sebagai pelukis istana. Selain melukis, ia juga hobi memotret dengan objek sekitar pekerjaannya sebagai pelukis istana dan figur Presiden Sukarno. Setelah dikaji dari pendekatan sejarah dan digali makna di dalamnya, foto-foto tersebut memiliki simpul menarik. Foto-foto tersebut menyimpan narasi penting, khususnya dalam bidang sejarah bagi bangsa Indonesia. Fotografi Dullah mampu merekam kehidupan Presiden Sukarno pada saat di istana dan di luar istana presiden. Sisi kemanusiaan Sukarno digambarkan dalam foto-foto tersebut, baik sebagai ayah, pemimpin, maupun penyuka seni. Dengan mengetahui simpul tersebut, foto-foto karya Dullah ini perlu disosialisasikan kepada publik dan dapat digunakan sebagai sarana pendidikan kebangsaan bagi Indonesia, terutama bagi para calon pemimpin.