bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Achievement of Remission in Two Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Cohorts Implementing Different Treat‐to‐Target Strategies
Authors: Norvang Vibeke , Brinkmann Gina H. , Yoshida Kazuki , Lillegraven Siri , Aga Anna‐Birgitte , Sexton Joseph , Tedeschi Sara K. , Lyu Houchen , Norli Ellen S. , Uhlig Till , Kvien Tore K. , Mjaavatten Maria D. , Solomon Daniel H. , Haavardsholm Espen A. ,   the ARCTIC Trial Group and the NOR‐VEAC Study Group
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to compare achievement of remission in 2 early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treat‐to‐target (TTT) cohorts, a tight control cohort with a target of stringent remission in a randomized controlled trial and an observational cohort targeting a looser definition of remission in clinical practice.MethodsWe analyzed data from the Aiming for Remission in Rheumatoid Arthritis: a randomised trial examining the benefit of ultrasound in a Clinical Tight Control regimen (ARCTIC) trial and the Norwegian Very Early Arthritis Clinic (NOR‐VEAC) observational study. Both were Norwegian multicenter studies that included disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD)–naive RA patients and implemented TTT. The target in the ARCTIC trial was remission defined as a Disease Activity Score (DAS) of <1.6 plus 0 swollen joints on a 44‐joint count, while the target in the NOR‐VEAC study was the less stringent remission target of a DAS28 of <2.6. We assessed achievement of the study‐specific targets and compared the odds of achieving the American College of Rheumatology(ACR)/European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Boolean remission during 2 years of follow‐up.ResultsWe included 189 patients from the ARCTIC trial and 330 patients from the NOR‐VEAC study. The study‐specific target had been achieved in more than half of the patients in each cohort at 6 months, increasing to >60% at 12 and 24 months. The odds of achieving ACR/EULAR Boolean remission during follow‐up were higher in the ARCTIC trial than in the NOR‐VEAC study, with significant differences at 3 months (odds ratio 1.73 [95% confidence interval 1.03–2.89]), 12 months (odds ratio 1.97 [95% confidence interval 1.21–3.20]), and 24 months (odds ratio 1.82 [95% confidence interval 1.05–3.16]).ConclusionA majority of patients in both cohorts reached the study‐specific treatment targets. More patients in the ARCTIC trial than in the NOR‐VEAC study achieved ACR/EULAR Boolean remission during follow‐up, suggesting that targeting a more stringent definition of remission provides further potential for favorable outcomes of a TTT strategy.
Overexpression, overproduction, purification, and characterization of rhGH in Escherichia coli
Authors: Keshavarz Reyhane , Babaeipour Valiollah , Mohammadpour‐Aghdam Mehdi , Deldar Ali Asghar 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOverexpression of insoluble human growth hormone (hGH) in cytoplasm was achieved by E. coli Rosetta‐gami B(DE3) [pET21a (+)‐hGH]). For overexpression of hGH, effects of eight factors including temperature, type and concentration of carbon source, IPTG and MgSO4, buffering capacity, induction time, yeast extract/peptone ratio on rhGH production were studied by Plackett–Burman screening. Maximum production of rhGH was 0.681 g/L, and results of statistical analysis showed that induction temperature and glucose have the greatest effect and the presence of MgSO4 increases rhGH expression and reduces biomass concentration. So, the effect of ethanol and MgSO4 concentrations on the rhGH production was examined according to the central composite experimental design. The ANOVA of the results showed rhGH production increases to 1.128 g/L in 4 g/L MgSO4 and 1% ethanol. Then, the impact of glucose concentration and induction time on the rhGH production was evaluated in two levels in the fermenter by Taguchi statistical method. Under optimum conditions, OD600nm 4 and 10 g/L glucose crude rhGH concentration 4.17 g/L was obtained, which is one of the highest value ever reported. Finally, rhGH was purified using the biophysical and biochemical techniques comprising circular dichroism, fluorescent spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering, and it was confirmed that the produced protein is comparable to the commercial standard sample.
Supramolecular Catalysis by Carboxylated Pillar[n]arenes
Authors: Kosiorek Sandra , Rad Nazar , Sashuk Volodymyr 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPillar[n]arenes constitute the most recognizable macrocyclic compounds discovered recently. So far, research has been focused on their binding properties, while the catalytic properties were poorly explored. Herein we present the study of the binding as well as the catalytic properties of pillar[5]‐ and pillar[6]arenes functionalized with carboxylic groups in water. We show that electrostatic stabilization is not the main driving force during the binding, however, it is crucial for catalysis. The macrocycles promote the hydrolysis of a wide variety of hydrazones, and their catalytic activity, in essence, is determined by the barrier of the passage of the substrate through the macrocyclic cavity. This opens up new perspectives for these macrocycles that could make a strong competition to traditional supramolecular catalysts such as cyclodextrins or cucurbiturils.
Enhanced zippy restricted Boltzmann machine for feature expansion and improved classification of analytical data
Authors: Harrington Peter B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRestricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs) are components found in many deep learning algorithms. RBMs originally were designed for binary image data. Some advances in RBM algorithms have been made so that they may accept real‐valued inputs that are typical for analytical chemistry measurements. However, these algorithms are difficult to train and require fine‐tuning of the parameters. The RBM algorithm was modified to furnish the enhanced zippy RBM (EZRBM) that trains reliably and robustly with respect to the parameters. In addition, feature augmentation (ie, fusing the RBM linear inputs and nonlinear outputs) improves the classification rate while reducing the dependence of the RBM training parameters. Two different classifiers were used, the support vector classifier (SVC) and super partial least squares–discriminant analysis (sPLS‐DA), to evaluate the performance. Classifiers built from the EZRBM outputs performed better than those built from the continuous RBM and the Gaussian RBM (GRBM) outputs when validated using 100 bootstraps with two Latin partitions. Three datasets were used. The first was an overdetermined set of eight fatty acid concentrations for 572 olive oils from nine regions of Italy. The second was 75 UV spectra of 15 Cannabis extracts with 101 measurements made from 200 to 400 nm. The third set comprised 60 proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of 12 tea extracts that had 1000 chemical shift measurements from 0.5 to 7.0 ppm. In every evaluation, the augmented EZRBM had better classification performance than the classifiers without the RBM. The classifiers built with EZRBM outperformed the other RBM algorithms except for a single instance. Recently, RBMs have been considered a transform into a dual feature space.
A Novel Visible Range FRET Probe for Monitoring Acid Sphingomyelinase Activity in Living Cells
Authors: Kappe Christian , Mohamed Zainelabdeen H. , Naser Eyad , Carpinteiro Alexander , Arenz Christoph 
Published: February 2020

AbstractActivity of acid sphingomyelinase has been implicated in a number of diseases like acute lung injury, sepsis or metastasis of melanoma cells. Here, we present a sphingomyelinase FRET probe based on FAM/BODIPY dyes for real‐time monitoring of acid sphingomyelinase. The probe gives rise to a tremendous increase in fluorescence of the fluorescein FRET donor upon cleavage and we show that this is, to a significant part, due to cleavage‐associated phase transition, suggesting a more systematic consideration of such effects for future probe development. The probe allows for the first time to monitor relative sphingomyelinase activities of intact living cells by flow cytometry.
Total Synthesis of Tri‐, Hexa‐ and Heptasaccharidic Substructures of the O‐Polysaccharide of Providencia rustigianii O34
Authors: Ahadi Somayeh , Awan Shahid I. , Werz Daniel B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA general and efficient strategy for synthesis of tri‐, hexa‐ and heptasaccharidic substructures of the lipopolysaccharide of Providencia rustigianii O34 is described. For the heptasaccharide seven different building blocks were employed. Special features of the structures are an α‐linked galactosamine and the two embedded α‐fucose units, which are either branched at positions‐3 and ‐4 or further linked at their 2‐position. Convergent strategies focused on [4+3], [3+4], and [4+2+1] couplings. Whereas the [4+3] and [3+4] coupling strategies failed the [4+2+1] strategy was successful. As monosaccharidic building blocks trichloroacetimidates and phosphates were employed. Global deprotection of the fully protected structures was achieved by Birch reaction.
Synthesis, Electronic Properties and OLED Devices of Chromophores Based on λ5‐Phosphinines
Authors: Pfeifer Gregor , Chahdoura Faouzi , Papke Martin , Weber Manuela , Szűcs Rózsa , Geffroy Bernard , Tondelier Denis , Nyulászi László , Hissler Muriel , Müller Christian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA new series of 2,4,6‐triaryl‐λ5‐phosphinines have been synthesized that contain different substituents both on the carbon backbone and the phosphorus atom of the six‐membered heterocycle. Their optical and redox properties were studied in detail, supported by in‐depth theoretical calculations. The modularity of the synthetic strategy allowed the establishment of structure–property relationships for this class of compounds and an OLED based on a blue phosphinine emitter could be developed for the first time.
Hydrazone‐Linked Heptazine Polymeric Carbon Nitrides for Synergistic Visible‐Light‐Driven Catalysis
Authors: Zhang Wei , Xu Congying , Kobayashi Takeshi , Zhong Yun , Guo Zhiyong , Zhan Hongbing , Pruski Marek , Huang Wenyu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHeptazine‐based conjugated polymeric carbon nitrides (PCNs) are promising metal‐free photocatalysts, yet their synthesis is challenging due to the electron‐deficiency and insolubility of heptazine units. Indeed, heptazine‐containing polymers have only been prepared through nucleophilic substitution with amines by using toxic cyameluric chloride as the starting material. Herein, we report the novel and environmentally friendly method for preparing heptazine‐based mesoporous PCNs with hydrazone links formed through a simple Schiff base condensation of melem‐NH2 and aldehydes. Unlike cyameluric chloride, melem‐NH2 is non‐toxic, stable, and can be readily obtained from melem and hydrazine in solution. We demonstrate that the hydrazone linkages and the heptazine units synergistically enhance the photocatalytic activity of PCNs in visible‐light‐driven aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde. In particular, the polymer constructed from melem‐NH2 and p‐phthalaldehyde shows 17 times more activity than graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4).
The Photocatalyzed Thiol‐ene reaction: A New Tag to Yield Fast, Selective and reversible Paramagnetic Tagging of Proteins
Authors: Denis Maxime , Softley Charlotte , Giuntini Stefano , Gentili Matteo , Ravera Enrico , Parigi Giacomo , Fragai Marco , Popowicz Grzegorz , Sattler Michael , Luchinat Claudio , Cerofolini Linda , Nativi Cristina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractParamagnetic restraints have been used in biomolecular NMR for the last three decades to elucidate and refine biomolecular structures, but also to characterize protein‐ligand interactions. A common technique to generate such restraints in proteins, which do not naturally contain a (paramagnetic) metal, consists in the attachment to the protein of a lanthanide‐binding‐tag (LBT). In order to design such LBTs, it is important to consider the efficiency and stability of the conjugation, the geometry of the complex (conformational exchanges and coordination) and the chemical inertness of the ligand. Here we describe a photo‐catalyzed thiol‐ene reaction for the cysteine‐selective paramagnetic tagging of proteins. As a model, we designed an LBT with a vinyl‐pyridine moiety which was used to attach our tag to the protein GB1 in fast and irreversible fashion. Our tag T1 yields magnetic susceptibility tensors of significant size with different lanthanides and has been characterized using NMR and relaxometry measurements.
A new fuzzy‐based method for load balancing in the cloud‐based Internet of things using a grey wolf optimization algorithm
Authors: Xingjun Li , Zhiwei Shao , Hongping Cheng , Mohammed Bayan Omar 
Published: February 2020

SummaryCloud computing provides high accessibility, scalability, and flexibility in the era of computing for different practical applications. Internet of things (IoT) is a new technology that connects the devices and things to provide user required services. Due to data and information upsurge on IoT, cloud computing is usually used for managing these data, which is known as cloud‐based IoT. Due to the high volume of requirements, service diversity is one of the critical challenges in cloud‐based IoT. Since the load balancing issue is one of the NP‐hard problems in heterogeneous environments, this article provides a new method for response time reduction using a well‐known grey wolf optimization algorithm. In this paper, we supposed that the response time is the same as the execution time of all the tasks that this parameter must be minimized. The way is determining the status of virtual machines based on the current load. Then the tasks will be removed from the machine with the additional load depending on the condition of the virtual machine and will be transferred to the appropriate virtual machine, which is the criterion for assigning the task to the virtual machine based on the least distance. The results of the CloudSim simulation environment showed that the response time is developed in compared to the HBB‐LB and EBCA‐LB algorithm. Also, the load imbalancing degree is improved in comparison to TSLBACO and HJSA.
Men and women differ in the neural basis of handwriting
Authors: Yang Yang , Tam Fred , Graham Simon J. , Sun Guochen , Li Junjun , Gu Chanyuan , Tao Ran , Wang Nizhuan , Bi Hong‐Yan , Zuo Zhentao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThere is an ongoing debate about whether, and to what extent, males differ from females in their language skills. In the case of handwriting, a composite language skill involving language and motor processes, behavioral observations consistently show robust sex differences but the mechanisms underlying the effect are unclear. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a copying task, the present study examined the neural basis of sex differences in handwriting in 53 healthy adults (ages 19–28, 27 males). Compared to females, males showed increased activation in the left posterior middle frontal gyrus (Exner's area), a region thought to support the conversion between orthographic and graphomotor codes. Functional connectivity between Exner's area and the right cerebellum was greater in males than in females. Furthermore, sex differences in brain activity related to handwriting were independent of language material. This study identifies a novel neural signature of sex differences in a hallmark of human behavior, and highlights the importance of considering sex as a factor in scientific research and clinical applications involving handwriting.
Machine learning: Accelerating materials development for energy storage and conversion
Authors: Chen An , Zhang Xu , Zhou Zhen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWith the development of modern society, the requirement for energy has become increasingly important on a global scale. Therefore, the exploration of novel materials for renewable energy technologies is urgently needed. Traditional methods are difficult to meet the requirements for materials science due to long experimental period and high cost. Nowadays, machine learning (ML) is rising as a new research paradigm to revolutionize materials discovery. In this review, we briefly introduce the basic procedure of ML and common algorithms in materials science, and particularly focus on latest progress in applying ML to property prediction and materials development for energy‐related fields, including catalysis, batteries, solar cells, and gas capture. Moreover, contributions of ML to experiments are involved as well. We highly expect that this review could lead the way forward in the future development of ML in materials science.image
The neural correlates of mindfulness‐induced depression reduction in adults with autism spectrum disorder: A pilot study
Authors: Pagni Broc A. , Walsh Melissa J. M. , Foldes Emily , Sebren Ann , Dixon Maria V. , Guerithault Nicolas , Braden B. Blair 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAdults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience high rates of depression and anxiety, and some evidence suggests mindfulness‐based stress reduction (MBSR) is effective in reducing these symptoms. However, the neural mechanisms of symptom alleviation, and benefit of MBSR beyond education/support groups are unknown. Maladaptive forms of self‐reflection are linked to ASD, depression, and anxiety. In this pilot study, we hypothesized (a) MBSR would reduce depression and anxiety in adults with ASD and (b) a mechanism of symptom alleviation would be increased blood oxygen level‐dependent signal in neural self‐reflection hubs. Twenty‐eight adults were randomly assigned to an 8‐week MBSR group (n = 15) or a support group (n = 13) that met for the same amount of time with relaxation education materials. Based on previous self‐reflection literature in ASD, regions of interest (ROIs) were middle cingulate cortex (MCC) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Only the MBSR group demonstrated significant reductions in depression, and neither group significantly changed in anxiety. Only the MBSR group increased activity of right MCC during self‐reflection, and the increase correlated with depression alleviation. There were no changes in vmPFC for the MBSR group or either ROI for the support/education group. Seed‐to‐voxel connectivity analysis revealed that only the MBSR group increased functional connectivity between right MCC and pre/postcentral gyrus, suggesting MBSR may increase primary sensorimotor input to higher order cognitive brain regions. Taken together, MBSR may be effective for reducing depression in adults with ASD, and the neural mechanism may be increasing frontal circuit involvement during self‐directed thought.
Resources for forwards citation searching for implementation studies in dementia care: A case study comparing Web of Science and Scopus
Authors: Rogers Morwenna , Bethel Alison , Briscoe Simon 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundForwards citation searching is a valuable method for finding relevant studies in reviews where concepts are not clearly defined. Scopus and Web of Science can both be used for forwards citation searching but there is little evidence comparing the resources for this purpose.Method104 source records relevant to a scoping review of implementation and dissemination strategies in dementia care were checked for inclusion on Web of Science and Scopus. The number of citing references was recorded. Where citing references appeared unique to one of the resources, they were checked for inclusion on the other resource to assess the performance of citation links.Results1397 citing references were returned by Scopus and 1010 were returned by Web of Science. For the unique citing references returned by Web of Science (n = 52), 36 were subsequently found to be on Scopus but had failed to be picked up as citing a source record. Of the unique citing references returned by Scopus (n = 355), 83 were found to be on Web of Science but had failed to be picked up as citing a source record.26 additional relevant records were identified for the review by forwards citation searching. All were found on Scopus; six would have been missed by searching Web of Science alone.ConclusionCitation searching using Scopus alone would have found all additional relevant studies for the review. Both Scopus and Web of Science failed to return all citing references from the source records, even where they were present on the database, indicating poor links between citations.
Screening guidelines and recommendations for patients at high risk of developing endocrine cancers
Authors: Geurts Jennifer L. , Strong Erin A. , Wang Tracy S. , Evans Douglas B. , Clarke Callisia N. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractScreening guidelines in patients with inherited endocrine syndromes and others at high risk for developing endocrine cancers have significant implications as early tumor detection is associated with improved outcomes. Given the unique challenges in diagnosis and treatment, patients at high risk for developing endocrine cancers require multidisciplinary care. The complexity of decision making and rarity of these syndromes support referral to high‐volume centers with the experience and knowledge to treat these at‐risk patients.
Effects of soil and water conservation management and rainfall types on runoff and soil loss for a sloping area in North China
Authors: Huo Jiayi , Yu Xinxiao , Liu Changjun , Chen Lihua , Zheng Wenge , Yang Yuanhui , Tang Zhixuan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRunoff and soil erosion on sloping farmland pose a serious threat to agricultural productivity. Soil and water conservation management is considered to be effective in controlling runoff and soil erosion, especially in sloped farmland. In this study, 1910 natural rainfall events were monitored to evaluate the effectiveness of soil and water conservation management and rainfall types on runoff and soil erosion. The results confirmed that fish‐scale pit plots reduced runoff and soil loss by 70.18 and 91.07%. Runoff and soil loss on sloped farmland and naturally sloped plots were significantly higher (p < .05) than the other four soil management interventions. “Intense” events were the main causes of runoff and soil loss production, but the influence of “intense” rainfall events on runoff and soil loss was weakened by narrow terraced farmland. About 10% of the largest rainfall events represented from 21 to 27% of the rainfall depth, from 35 to 54% of the total runoff, and from 71 to 88% of the total soil loss. Rainfall intensity plays a dominant role in soil erosion, while rainfall accumulation is the main influencing factor for runoff. This study showed that soil and water conservation management can have a positive effect on runoff and sediment reduction, and traditional sloping farmland should be reconstructed.
Novel Non‐methylene‐Interrupted Dienoic and Trienoic Fatty Acids with a Terminal Double Bond in Ovaries of the Limpet Cellana toreuma
Authors: Kawashima Hideki 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this study, to obtain further information on the structural diversity of non‐methylene‐interrupted (NMI) fatty acids (FA) in the gonads of the limpet Cellana toreuma, previously unreported minor NMI FA, fractionated by argentation thin‐layer chromatography (TLC), in the ovaries were characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis of their 3‐pyridylcarbinol derivatives. As a result, five novel NMI FA were identified as 5,14‐pentadecadienoic acid (15: 2Δ5,14), 5,9,18‐nonadecatrienoic acid (19:3Δ5,9,18), 5,9,20‐heneicosatrienoic acid (21:3Δ5,9,20), 7,13,20‐heneicosatrienoic acid (21:3Δ7,13,20), and 5,9,22‐tricosatrienoic acid (23:3Δ5,9,22). Possible biosynthetic pathways for these FA are also discussed in relation to structural variations of NMI FA regioisomers. This study clearly reinforces the findings of our previous works with structurally diverse NMI FA with a terminal double bond.