bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complications of Alloplast Rhinoplasty and Their Management: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Choi Ji Yun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn Asian countries, augmentation rhinoplasty is especially common, where alloplastic implants are used much more commonly than autologous tissues. In rhinoplasty, such artificial materials include silicone, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), porous high-density polyethylene (pHDPE), and acellular human dermis. As the use of implants has become increasingly common in rhinoplasty, more adverse effects such as infection, extrusion, movement, irregularities, absorption, prolonged swelling, seroma, and contracture have been recognized and reported in the literature. Surgeons should be able to recognize these probable complications and manage them successfully. Early detection and prompt management of the complication are essential for minimizing the severity of the deformity. Proper management of complications is key for the success of dorsal augmentation using alloplastic implants.
Aesthetic Zygoma Reduction in Asian Patients
Authors: Park Sanghoon 
Published: December 2020

AbstractZygoma reduction is indicated in patients where the primary aim of surgery is reduction in the width of cheekbones to achieve smoother and more feminine facial aesthetic lines. Surgeons should evaluate the width of midface (bizygomatic width) and the protrusion of zygoma (volume and position of the zygomatic body) when evaluating patients where such a procedure is indicated. Intraoral high-L osteotomy is the most useful method to successfully treat a wide spectrum of zygomatic protrusions and is widely accepted as the treatment of choice for aesthetic purposes. The amount of ostectomy is determined by evaluating the volume of zygomatic body. The zygomatic body and arch are usually moved posteromedially during surgery; the point of maximal malar projection is evaluated and transposed to a new ideal position. Zygoma reduction can be performed solely or in combination with other facial bone contouring procedures such as mandible reduction, genioplasty, or forehead augmentation. Soft tissue sagging, nonunion, malunion, and paresthesia are the most common complications of this procedure. Undercorrection and asymmetry are the most common aesthetically unfavorable sequelae and should be carefully prevented by proper preoperative planning and meticulous execution of surgical technique.
Surgical Techniques for Head and Neck Reconstruction in the Vessel-Depleted Neck
Authors: Martinez Daniel C. , Badhey Arvind , Cervenka Brian , Zender Chad , Tang Alice , Patil Yash 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe vessel-depleted neck presents a unique and challenging scenario for reconstructive surgery of the head and neck. Prior surgery and radiation often result in significant scarring and damage to the neck vasculature, making identification of suitable recipient vessels for microvascular free tissue transfer exceedingly difficult. Therefore, alternative reconstructive techniques and/or vessel options must be considered to obtain a successful reconstructive outcome for a patient. In this article, we discuss our experience and approach to the management of the vessel-depleted neck, emphasizing the importance of preoperative planning and having multiple backup options prior to surgery. The various preoperative imaging modalities and available options for recipient arteries and veins are presented in detail. Additionally, we discuss modifications of select free flaps to maximize their utility in successful reconstruction. Together with thoughtful preoperative planning, these techniques can help aid the reconstructive surgeon in addressing the complex decisions associated with the vessel-depleted neck.
Implications of Applying New Technology in Cosmetic and Reconstructive Facial Plastic Surgery
Authors: Qureshi Uneeb Ahmed , Calaguas Shannon , Frank Ethan , Inman Jared 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe field of facial plastic and reconstructive surgery is privy to a myriad of technological advancements. As innovation in areas such as imaging, computer applications, and biomaterials progresses at breakneck speed, the potential for clinical application is endless. This review of recent progress in the implementation of new technologies in facial plastic surgery highlights some of the most innovative and impactful developments in the past few years of literature. Patient-specific surgical modeling has become the gold standard for oncologic and posttraumatic reconstructive surgery, with demonstrated improvements in operative times, restoration of anatomical structure, and patient satisfaction. Similarly, reductions in revision rates with improvements in learner technical proficiency have been noted with the use of patient-specific models in free flap reconstruction. In the cosmetic realm, simulation-based rhinoplasty implants have drastically reduced operative times while concurrently raising patient postoperative ratings of cosmetic appearance. Intraoperative imaging has also seen recent expansion in its adoption driven largely by reports of eradication of postoperative imaging and secondary—often complicated—revision reconstructions. A burgeoning area likely to deliver many advances in years to come is the integration of bioprinting into reconstructive surgery. Although yet to clearly make the translational leap, the implications of easily generatable induced pluripotent stem cells in replacing autologous, cadaveric, or synthetic tissues in surgical reconstruction are remarkable.
Osteoradionecrosis of the Midface and Mandible: Pathogenesis and Management
Authors: Vahidi Nima , Lee Thomas S. , Daggumati Srihari , Shokri Tom , Wang Weitao , Ducic Yadranko 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRadiation therapy is an important and commonly used treatment modality for head and neck cancers. Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is a potential debilitating complication of treatment, which most commonly affects the mandible. Management strategies are tailored to the severity of disease. Medical management including oral rinses, irrigations, antibiotics, and pharmacological treatments is viable for mild-to-moderate ORN. More severe disease is best addressed with a combination of medical management and surgical intervention aimed at aggressively removing devitalized tissue until bleeding bone is encountered and reconstructing the soft tissue and bone defect. Reconstruction with either regional vascularized flaps or vascularized osteocutaneous free flaps in case of larger full-thickness bone defects (greater than 6 cm) or anterior mandible (medial to mental foramen) is most appropriate. Maxillary ORN complications can present with a wide range of functional problems and facial disfigurement. Life-threatening and time-sensitive problems should be treated first, such as skull base bone coverage or correction of severe ectropion, to avoid blindness from exposure keratopathy. Then, less time-sensitive issues can be addressed next, such as nasal obstruction, velopharyngeal insufficiency, and chronic tearing. It may require a combination of specialists from different disciplines to address various issues that can arise from maxillary ORN.
Avoiding Complications in Functional and Aesthetic Rhinoplasty
Authors: Hohman Marc H. , Vincent Aurora G. , Anderson Spencer R. , Ducic Yadranko , Cochran Spencer 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHistorically, nasoseptal surgery favoring functional considerations has compromised aesthetic ones, and vice versa, but modern techniques have evolved that allow symbiotic achievement of both goals. Nasoseptal surgery is among the most commonly performed plastic surgical procedures in the United States, and while it is generally well tolerated, there are a few surgical and aesthetic complications of which to be aware. Herein, we review surgical techniques that improve the nasal airway and nasal aesthetics in a top-down approach with a discussion of possible ensuing complications.
Custom Presurgical Planning for Midfacial Reconstruction
Authors: Seim Nolan B. , Ozer Enver , Valentin Sasha , Agrawal Amit , VanPutten Mead , Kang Stephen Y. , Old Matthew O. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractResection and reconstruction of midface involve complex ablative and reconstructive tools in head and oncology and maxillofacial prosthodontics. This region is extraordinarily important for long-term aesthetic and functional performance. From a reconstructive standpoint, this region has always been known to present challenges to a reconstructive surgeon due to the complex three-dimensional anatomy, the variable defects created, combination of the medical and dental functionalities, and the distance from reliable donor vessels for free tissue transfer. Another challenge one faces is the unique features of each individual resection defect as well as individual patient factors making each preoperative planning session and reconstruction unique. Understanding the long-term effects on speech, swallowing, and vision, one should routinely utilize a multidisciplinary approach to resection and reconstruction, including head and neck reconstructive surgeons, prosthodontists, speech language pathologists, oculoplastic surgeons, dentists, and/or craniofacial teams as indicated and with each practice pattern. With this in mind, we present our planning and reconstructive algorithm in midface reconstruction, including a dedicated focus on dental rehabilitation via custom presurgical planning.
How professional readers process unnatural narrators
Authors: Alber Jan , Jumpertz Jessica , Mayer Axel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In an experiment, the authors tried to find out how professional readers deal with unnatural narrators (such as a
narrating parrot and a speaking coin). The hypotheses and research questions were mostly derived from Jan Alber’s proposed reading
strategies and operationalized to be measured with the help of a close-ended questionnaire. Thirty-two students of English from
RWTH Aachen University took part in the study and were presented with four text passages that featured two natural and two
unnatural first-person narrators. These excerpts represented a gliding scale of defamiliarization or estrangement in the sense of
Shklovsky that ranges from (1) a realist backpacking tourist in India to (2) a narrator who suffers from hallucinations (both
natural), and from there to (3) a narrating parrot and, finally, (4) a speaking coin (both unnatural).
The results indicate that the participants perceived the narratives that featured unnatural narrators as being
more estranging than the ones that contained natural narrators, and that unnaturalness was regarded as an indicator of
fictionality. Furthermore, it was easier for the participants to emotionally engage with the natural (compared to the unnatural)
narrators. The study also shows that blending was used as a strategy to make sense of the unnatural narrators, and that the
participants thought that fictional worlds were relevant for their own world experiences – regardless of whether the narrators
were unnatural or not. Furthermore, most of the participants were reminded of familiar genres (fantasy stories or fairy tales)
when they dealt with the unnatural narrators.
Photoelectrochemical properties of TiO2/g-C3N4 composited electrodes fabricated by a co-electrodeposited method
Authors: Ma Jingyi , Wang Xiaona , Zong Xiaohang , Li Linli , Sun Hao , He Pan , Yang Yuan , Ding Yong , Han Yu , Fan Xiaoxing 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) usually shows a low photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance due to its poor conductivity. To improve the transfer of charge carriers generated by g-C3N4, a TiO2/g-C3N4 composite photoanode was prepared by a facile co-electrodeposition method. The composite photoelectrodes exhibit an improved PEC performance compared to TiO2 and g-C3N4. The PEC performance was optimized by varying the mass ratio of TiO2 to g-C3N4, and a ratio of 1:1 gave the best photocurrent density of 1.81 mA cm−2, which is 2.27 times larger than that of the pure TiO2 photoanode under full-arc xenon light. Furthermore, compared with pure g-C3N4, the photocurrent density is greatly improved. The incident photocurrent efficiency reached 4.14% under irradiation with 365 nm monochromatic light. TiO2/g-C3N4 exhibits a stable photocurrent density in a PEC reaction over 2 h. The enhanced PEC performance is attributed to the synergism between TiO2 and g-C3N4 semiconductors, which improves the interfacial charge transfer and inhibits the photogenerated electron–hole pair recombination.
Dynamics of plasma streamers in a helium surface micro-discharge array at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Wang Zhiwei , Feng Chunlei , Gao Liang , Liu Chen , Ding Hongbin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The dynamic evolution of plasma optical emission from an array of surface micro-discharges has been investigated by optical emission imaging. The array was operated in helium at atmospheric pressure and driven at 2.0 W at a frequency of 30 kHz. The findings indicate that surface charges and external voltage have a significant contribution to the splitting of the plasma streamer, with luminous fronts moving at velocities of 8.3–22.4 km s−1. The split plasmas induce new discharge events within a single hexagonal cell. Furthemore, we present the case of two co- and counter-propagating streamers generated within one hexagon mesh element. Experimental evidence reveals that the co-propagating streamers merge and produce a new streamer front with enhanced intensity under the combined effects of electrostatic repulsion, gas dynamic interaction and a photolytic process. As the spacing between the counter-propagating streamers decreases, the streamers interact electrically, resulting in a modification of the shape of these streamers as well as a decrease in their velocities and emission intensities. The emergence of secondary streamers is also observed. This behavior is related to surface charges accumulated during a previous half cycle and their redistribution due to the turbulence fluctuations dominated by electrohydrodynamic force. From the propagation of an individual streamer, it is shown that surface charges accumulated in a previous negative half cycle can determine the plasma path to some extent. The ionization wave propagates over the rim electrode with a velocity of about 20 km s−1, resulting in a distinct discharge channel and a strong interaction between neighboring hexagonal units in an array. The ionization wave leads to the propagation of plasma across the dielectric surface of the array.
Interpopulation variation in sexual dichromatism in the Neotropical grasshopperSphenarium purpurascens(Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae)
Authors: Cueva Del Castillo Raúl , González-Zertuche Miguel , Ramírez-Delgado Víctor Hugo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCryptic coloration is an adaptative defensive mechanism against predators. Colour patterns appear cryptic through general background coloration matching or disruptive coloration. Disruptive coloration might evolve in visually heterogeneous microhabitats, whereas background matching could be favoured in chromatically homogeneous microhabitats. In this study, we used digital photography to explore the potential use of disruptive coloration and background matching in males and females of the Neotropical grasshopper Sphenarium purpurascens in different habitats. We found chromatic differences in three habitats and sexual dichromatism that might be explained by local adaptation. Although females and males were sexually dichromatic, interpopulation differences were found in the magnitude of the sexual dichromatism. In a highly contrasting environment, both males and females seemed to follow a disruptive strategy, whereas in a heterogeneous environments males and females followed different colour cryptic strategies, in which males were more disruptive than females, and females exhibited high background matching with fewer disruptive elements. Selective predation in different microhabitats and differences in mobility between the sexes might explain the colour pattern divergence between females and males.
Safety and Effectiveness of an All-Oral, Bedaquiline-Based, Shorter Treatment Regimen for Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis in High Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Burden Rural South Africa: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Authors: Tack Ilse , Dumicho Asnake , Ohler Liesbet , Shigayeva Altynay , Bulti Abera Balcha , White Kenneth , Mbatha Mduduzi , Furin Jennifer , Isaakidis Petros 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
At the end of 2018, South Africa updated its all-oral regimen, to include bedaquiline (BDQ) and 2 months of linezolid (LZD) for all patients initiating the shorter 9–12 months regimen for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB). We assessed a group of patients in rural KwaZulu-Natal for safety and effectiveness of this treatment regimen under programmatic conditions.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis on RR-TB patients treated with a standardized all-oral short regimen between 1 July 2018 and 30 April 2019 in 3 facilities in King Cetshwayo District. An electronic register (EDR web) and facility-based clinical charts were used to collect variables, which were entered into an Epi-Info database.

Results
Our cohort included 117 patients; 68.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 59.3–76.3) tested positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The median time to culture conversion was 56 days (95% CI: 50–57). Treatment success was achieved in 75.2% (95% CI: 66.5–82.3) of patients. Mortality within the cohort was 12.8% (95% CI: 7.8–20.3). Anemia was the most frequent severe adverse event (AE). The median time to develop severe anemia was 7.1 weeks (interquartile range [IQR] 4.0–12.9) after treatment initiation. LZD was interrupted in 25.2% (95% CI: 17.8–34.5) of participants.

Conclusions
An all-oral shorter regimen, including BDQ and LZD as core drugs for the treatment of RR-TB, shows good outcomes, in a high HIV burden rural setting. AEs are common, especially for LZD, but could be managed in the program setting. Support is needed when introducing new regimens to train staff in the monitoring, management, and reporting of AEs.
Early atrial fibrillation detection and the transition to comprehensive management
Authors: Linz Dominik , Hermans Astrid , Tieleman Robert G 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCurrent atrial fibrillation (AF) guidelines recommend screening for AF in individuals above 65 years or with other characteristics suggestive of increased stroke risk. Several mobile health (mHealth) approaches are available to identify AF. Although most wearables or ECG machines include algorithms to detect AF, an ECG confirmation of AF is necessary to establish a suspected diagnosis of AF. Early detection of AF is important to allow early initiation of AF management, and early rhythm control therapy lowered risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes among patients with early AF aged &gt;75 or with a CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2 and cardiovascular conditions in the EAST-AFNET 4 study. Strategies for early AF detection should be always linked to a comprehensive work-up infrastructure organized within an integrated care pathway to allow early initiation and guidance of AF treatment in newly detected AF patients. In this review article, we summarize strategies and mHealth approaches for early AF detection and the transition to early AF management including AF symptoms evaluation and assessment of AF progression as well as AF risk factors.
Long-Read Genome Assemblies Reveal Extraordinary Variation in the Number and Structure of MHC Loci in Birds
Authors: He Ke , Minias Piotr , Dunn Peter O 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Our knowledge of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) in birds is limited because it often consists of numerous duplicated genes within individuals that are difficult to assemble with short read sequencing technology. Long-read sequencing provides an opportunity to overcome this limitation because it allows the assembly of long regions with repetitive elements. In this study, we used genomes based on long-read sequencing to predict the number and location of MHC loci in a broad range of bird taxa. From the long-read-based genomes of 34 species, we found that there was extremely large variation in the number of MHC loci between species. Overall, there were greater numbers of both class I and II loci in passerines than nonpasserines. The highest numbers of loci (up to 193 class II loci) were found in manakins (Pipridae), which had previously not been studied at the MHC. Our results provide the first direct evidence from passerine genomes of this high level of duplication. We also found different duplication patterns between species. In some species, both MHC class I and II genes were duplicated together, whereas in most species they were duplicated independently. Our study shows that the analysis of long-read-based genomes can dramatically improve our knowledge of MHC structure, although further improvements in chromosome level assembly are needed to understand the evolutionary mechanisms producing the extraordinary interspecific variation in the architecture of the MHC region.
Medium Matters: A Decade of Media Consumption Predicts Positive and Negative Dimensions of Self-Perceptions of Aging
Authors: Boeder Jordan , Tse Dwight C K , Fruiht Veronica , Chan Thomas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Media consumption over time is suggested to be a significant contributor to how people develop their self-perceptions of aging (SPA); however, this association has only been investigated with cross-sectional methodologies. The current study used growth curve modeling to examine the influence of 10 years of television, newspaper, radio, and book consumption on positive and negative dimensions of SPA.

Methods
Growth curve modeling on 4 waves of data from the German Aging Survey (N = 2,969), a population-based representative survey of adults aged 40–95, was used to examine the longitudinal associations between media consumption and SPA trajectories.

Results
Across 10 years, more television intake (B = −0.58, 95% CI [−0.94, −0.21]) was associated with lower perceptions of continuous growth. Inversely, greater book (B = 0.10, 95% CI [0.06, 0.13]) and radio (B = 0.52, 95% CI [0.29, 0.74]) consumption was significantly linked to higher perceptions of continuous growth. In parallel, more television (B = 0.88, 95% CI [0.52, 1.25]) and newspaper consumption (B = 0.46, 95% CI [0.04, 0.88]) was associated with higher perceptions of physical decline, while greater radio (B = −0.40, 95% CI [−0.64, −0.16]) and book (B = −0.05, 95% CI [−0.09, −0.00]) consumption was associated with lower perceptions of physical decline.

Discussion
This study provides longitudinal evidence for the relationship between media consumption and SPA. However, not all types of media intake are negative as radio and book consumption were associated with better SPA across time. Age-group differences were investigated and are discussed in the Supplementary Materials.