bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of cefoperazone-sulbactam in empiric therapy for febrile neutropenia
Authors: Lan Shao-Huan , Chang Shen-Peng , Lai Chih-Cheng , Lu Li-Chin , Tang Hung-Jen 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
This meta-analysis assessed the clinical efficacy and safety of cefoperazone-sulbactam for empiric therapy febrile neutropenia.

Methods:
The PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, Ovid Medline, EMBASE, and ClinicalTrial.gov database were searched through May 10, 2019. Only clinical trials comparing cefoperazone-sulbactam with other antibiotics for empiric treatment of febrile neutropenia were included. The primary outcome was treatment success without modification, and the secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality and adverse events (AEs).

Results:
Ten randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 1 retrospective cohort study were included. Overall, cefoperazone-sulbactam exhibited a treatment success rate similar to those of comparator drugs for the treatment of febrile neutropenia (odds ratio [OR], 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85 to 1.24, I
2 = 0%). A similar finding was noted in pooled analysis of 10 RCTs (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.30, I
2 = 0%). Subgroup analysis showed that cefoperazone-sulbactam had a treatment success rate similar to the rates of comparators for adults (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.38, I
2 = 0%) and children (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.63 to 1.46, I
2 = 0%). Cefoperazone-sulbactam did not differ significantly from comparators in the risks of all-cause mortality (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.58 to 1.58, I
2 = 0%) or common AEs, namely rash, nausea/vomiting, and superinfection.

Conclusion:
The clinical efficacy and tolerability of cefoperazone-sulbactam are comparable to those of comparator drugs in the treatment of febrile neutropenia.
The Management of Young Children With a Likely Infectious Condition Presenting Moderate to Severe Neutropenia
Authors: Larouche Valérie , Pelland-Marcotte Marie-Claude , Blanchet Marie-Ève , Simonyan David , Bélanger Richard E. 
Published: February 2020

Objective:
The objective of this study was to describe the outcome of healthy children presenting with newly-diagnosed neutropenia in an infectious context.

Results:
A total of 184 episodes of neutropenia were included in children 3 months to 5 years of age. There were 118 (64%) episodes of moderate neutropenia and 66 (36%) of severe neutropenia (SN). SN episodes were more likely related to intensification of antibiotic regimen used and further investigations. The median duration of neutropenia was 8.5 days. Chronic benign neutropenia occurred in 7 (4%) patients.

Conclusion:
SN led to intensification of antibiotic therapy, but no children encountered an unfavorable outcome and the neutropenia episodes were short-lived.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Meralgia Paresthetica in Pregnancy
Authors: Gooding Megan S. , Evangelista Victor , Pereira Leonardo 
Published: February 2020

Importance
Carpal tunnel syndrome and meralgia paresthetica are 2 common neuropathies complicating pregnancy. Each of these causes significant discomfort but can be diagnosed and treated safely during pregnancy.

Objective
This article outlines the existing literature diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of carpal tunnel syndrome and meralgia paresthetica, specifically looking at the implications during pregnancy. The aim is to provide a reference for physicians diagnosing and treating neuropathies in pregnant patients.

Evidence Acquisition
Existing literature on neuropathies during pregnancy, clinical presentation, and treatment options for both carpal tunnel syndrome and meralgia paresthetica was reviewed through a MEDLINE and PubMed search. Referenced articles were reviewed and used as primary source materials as appropriate.

Results
Carpal tunnel syndrome affects individuals of all ages and sexes but is more prevalent in women, particularly during pregnancy. Meralgia paresthetica can occur in various circumstances but is most commonly associated with prolonged second stage in lithotomy position. Multiple clinical signs and neurologic tests are useful to establish the diagnosis of either neuropathy. Effective treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome includes wrist splints, steroid and lidocaine injections, and release surgery. Optimal treatment of meralgia paresthetica remains controversial but includes nerve block injections and active release techniques.

Conclusions and Relevance
Neuropathies are common in pregnancy and can result in significant impairment. Accurate diagnosis is possible during pregnancy and can usually be accomplished with bedside neurologic tests. Treatment options can be safely considered during pregnancy and can result in symptomatic improvement and reduction in chronic symptoms.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physician

Learning Objectives
After completing this activity, the learner should be better able to describe the clinical features and diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome; explain treatment options for carpal tunnel syndrome in pregnancy; and identify risk factors and how to diagnose meralgia paresthetica.
Safety and Clinical Outcomes of Hospital in the Home
Authors: Sriskandarajah Shanthy , Ritchie Brett , Eaton Vaughn , Sluggett Janet K. , Hobbs Jodie G. , Daniel Santhosh , Reynolds Karen J. 
Published: February 2020

Objectives
The aim of the study was to evaluate clinical outcomes and adverse events (AEs) experienced by patients treated within the Hospital in the Home (HITH) service of a major metropolitan hospital in South Australia.

Methods
A retrospective case note audit of 100 HITH episodes among adults who received continuous intravenous antimicrobial therapy via an elastomeric or electronic infusion device was undertaken. Age- and sex-adjusted binomial logistic regression analyses were undertaken to identify factors associated with major and minor AEs.

Results
Of the 100 patients included, 71 were male and the mean (SD) patient age was 62.8 (17.19) years. Elastomeric infusion devices were used for 98 patients. The mean (SD) HITH treatment duration was 20.1 (11.9) days. Overall, 130 AEs were documented for 72 patients (72%), of whom 12 patients experienced a major AE and 68 patients experienced a minor AE. There were 45 occasions among 23 patients where an infusion administered through an elastomeric device did not run to completion. Fifteen patients were readmitted to hospital. Minor AEs were more likely among people with more vascular line days (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.05; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01–1.10 per day increase) and females (aOR = 4.43; 95% CI = 1.14–17.17). An increased number of vascular line days was associated with an increased likelihood of an incomplete infusion (aOR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.01–1.09). Hospital readmission was more likely with increasing age (aOR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.01–1.11 per year increase).

Conclusions
Adverse events need to be monitored carefully when HITH treatment is provided for extended periods.
Toward Universal HIV Treatment in Haiti: Time Trends in ART Retention After Expanded ART Eligibility in a National Cohort From 2011 to 2017
Authors: Puttkammer Nancy , Parrish Canada , Desir Yrvel , Hyppolite Nathaelf , Wagenaar Bradley H. , Joseph Nadjy , Hall Lara , Honoré Jean Guy , Robin Ermane , Perrin Georges , François Kesner 
Published: February 2020

Background:
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends universal antiretroviral therapy (ART) for persons living with HIV (PLWH), but evidence about effects of expanded ART access on ART retention in low-resource settings is limited.

Setting:
Haiti's Ministry of Health endorsed universal ART for pregnant women in March 2013 (Option B+) and for all PLWH in July 2016. This study included 51,579 ART patients from 2011 to 2017 at 94 hospitals and clinics in Haiti.

Methods:
This observational, retrospective cohort study described time trends in 6-month ART retention using secondary data, and compared results during 3 periods using an interrupted time series model: pre-Option B+ (period 1: 1/11–2/13), Option B+ (period 2: 3/13–6/16), and Test and Start (T&S, period 3: 7/16–9/17).

Results:
From the pre-Option B+ to the T&S period, the monthly count of new ART patients increased from 366/month to 877/month, and the proportion with same-day ART increased from 6.3% to 42.1% (P < 0.001). The proportion retained on ART after 6 months declined from 78.4% to 75.0% (P < 0.001). In the interrupted time series model, ART retention improved by a rate of 1.4% per quarter during the T&S period after adjusting for patient characteristics (adjusted incidence rate ratio = 1.014; 95% confidence interval: 1.002 to 1.026, P < 0.001). However, patients with same-day ART were 14% less likely to be retained compared to those starting ART >30 days after HIV diagnosis (adjusted incidence rate ratio = 0.86; 95% confidence interval: 0.84–0.89, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Achieving targets for HIV epidemic control will require increasing ART retention and reducing the disparity in retention for those with same-day ART.
Myositis-Specific Antibodies and Myositis-Associated Antibodies in Patients With Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies From the PANLAR Myositis Study Group
Authors: González-Bello Yelitza , Garcia-Valladares Ignacio , Reyes-Pérez Itzel Viridiana , García-Cerda Daniel , Medrano-Ramírez Gabriel , Navarro-Zarza José E. , Andrade-Ortega Lilia , Maradiaga-Ceceña Marco , Cardenas-Anaya Alicia , Nava-Zavala Arnulfo H. , Orozco-Barocio Gerardo , Vázquez-Del Mercado Mónica , Rojo-Mejia Armando , Loyo Esthela , Gottschalk Paola , Iglesias-Gamarra Antonio , Vega Kelly , Rojas Cilia , Mantilla Rubén , Gómez Graciela , García-Kutzbach Abraham , Fritzler Marvin J. , García-De La Torre Ignacio 
Published: February 2020

Background
Dermatomyositis (DM) and polymyositis (PM) are forms of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs), which are associated with the production of autoantibodies that are useful in the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease.

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of antinuclear autoantibodies (ANAs), myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs), and myositis-associated autoantibodies (MAAs) in 6 Latin American countries.

Methods
Two hundred ten patients with IIM were included in this cross-sectional study from 2014 to 2017: 112 from Mexico, 46 from Colombia, 20 from Peru, 16 from the Dominican Republic, 10 from Argentina, and 6 from Guatemala. Antinuclear autoantibodies were detected by indirect immunofluorescence on HEp-2 cells. MSAs and MAAs were tested by a line immunoassay method. Mann-Whitney U and χ2 tests were used for statistical analysis.

Results
Of the 210 IIM patients, 139 (66.2%) had DM, 59 (28%) PM, and 12 (5.7%) juvenile DM. The mean age was 43.5 (6–79 years); 158 (75.2%) were female, and 52 (24.8%) were male. The overall frequency of ANA was 60%. The most frequent patterns were fine speckled (AC-4) (78.3%) and cytoplasmic (AC-19) (6.45%). The most frequent MSA were anti–Mi-2 (38.5%) and anti–Jo-1 (11.9%). Anti–Mi-2 was more frequent in patients from Colombia (40.1%). The MAA more frequent were anti–Ro-52/TRIM21 (17.6%) and anti–PM-Scl75 (7.5%).

Conclusions
This is the first study of ANA, MSA, and MAA in patients from 6 countries from the Panamerican League against Rheumatism myositis study group. We observed a general prevalence of 60% of ANA. In relation to MSA and MAA, anti–Mi-2 was the more frequent (38.5%).
Executive Summary of the American Association of Endocrine Surgeons Guidelines for the Definitive Surgical Management of Thyroid Disease in Adults
Authors: Patel Kepal N. , Yip Linwah , Lubitz Carrie C. , Grubbs Elizabeth G. , Miller Barbra S. , Shen Wen , Angelos Peter , Chen Herbert , Doherty Gerard M. , Fahey Thomas J. , Kebebew Electron , Livolsi Virginia A. , Perrier Nancy D. , Sipos Jennifer A. , Sosa Julie A. , Steward David , Tufano Ralph P. , McHenry Christopher R. , Carty Sally E. 
Published: February 2020

Objective:
The aim of this study was to develop evidence-based recommendations for safe, effective and appropriate thyroidectomy.

Background:
Surgical management of thyroid disease has evolved considerably over several decades leading to variability in rendered care. Over 100,000 thyroid operations are performed annually in the United States.

Methods:
The medical literature from January 1, 1985 to November 9, 2018 was reviewed by a panel of 19 experts in thyroid disorders representing multiple disciplines. The authors used the best available evidence to construct surgical management recommendations. Levels of evidence were determined using the American College of Physicians grading system, and management recommendations were discussed to consensus. Members of the American Association of Endocrine Surgeons reviewed and commented on preliminary drafts of the content.

Results:
These clinical guidelines analyze the indications for thyroidectomy as well as its definitions, technique, morbidity, and outcomes. Specific topics include Pathogenesis and Epidemiology, Initial Evaluation, Imaging, Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy Diagnosis, Molecular Testing, Indications, Extent and Outcomes of Surgery, Preoperative Care, Initial Thyroidectomy, Perioperative Tissue Diagnosis, Nodal Dissection, Concurrent Parathyroidectomy, Hyperthyroid Conditions, Goiter, Adjuncts and Approaches Laryngology Familial Thyroid Cancer, Postoperative Care and Complications, Cancer Management, and Reoperation.

Conclusion:
Evidence-based guidelines were created to assist clinicians in the optimal surgical management of thyroid disease.
Is the Resected Gastric Volume Effective in the Complication of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy?
Authors: Seyit Hakan , Tulubas Evrim K. 
Published: February 2020

Background:
To determine the relationship between the resected gastric volume (RGV) and the results of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG).

Methods:
The study included 333 patients with LSG. Patients were divided into 4 groups according to RGV: 600 to 999 cm3 as Group 1, 1000 to 1499 cm3 as Group 2, 1500 to 1999 cm3 as Group 3, and ≥2000 cm3 consists the Group 4. Prospectively collected data at first month, sixth month, and at first year were retrospectively reviewed. The percentage of the reduction in body mass index and the excess weight loss and remission of comorbid diseases were recorded.

Results:
Preoperative demographic data were similar within groups. No statistically significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of the changes in excess weight loss. The major complication rates were highest in Group 4 and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (P=0.012).

Conclusions:
The results of this study showed that different RGV do not affect the results of LSG, furthermore in patients with RGV ≥2000 cm3, surgeons should be careful for major complications.
The Association Between Macroscopic Arteriosclerosis of the Renal Artery, Microscopic Arteriosclerosis, Organ Discard, and Kidney Transplant Outcome
Authors: Keijbeck Anke , Veenstra Rob , Pol Robert A. , Konijn Cynthia , Jansen Nichon , van Goor Harry , Hoitsma Andries J. , Peutz-Kootstra Carine J. , Moers Cyril 
Published: February 2020

Background.
During organ retrieval, surgeons estimate the degree of arteriosclerosis and this plays an important role in decisions on organ acceptance. Our study aimed to elucidate the association between macroscopic renal artery arteriosclerosis, donor kidney discard, and transplant outcome.

Methods.
We selected all transplanted and discarded kidneys in the Netherlands between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2015, from deceased donors aged 50 y and older, for which data on renal artery arteriosclerosis were available (n = 2610). The association between arteriosclerosis and kidney discard, the relation between arteriosclerosis and outcome, and the correlation between macroscopic and microscopic arteriosclerosis were explored.

Results.
Macroscopic arteriosclerosis was independently associated with kidney discard (odds ratio [OR], 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.80; P = 0.03). Arteriosclerosis (any degree) was not significantly associated with delayed graft function (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.94-1.43; P = 0.16), estimated glomerular filtration rate 1-y posttransplant (B, 0.58; 95% CI, –2.07 to 3.22; P = 0.67), and long-term graft survival (hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.86-1.33; P = 0.55). There was a significant association between mild arteriosclerosis and primary nonfunction (OR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.19-3.84; P = 0.01). We found no correlation between macroscopic and histological arteriosclerosis, nor between histological arteriosclerosis and transplant outcome.

Conclusions.
Macroscopic arteriosclerosis of the renal artery was independently associated with kidney discard and somewhat associated with primary nonfunction posttransplant. However, there was no effect of arteriosclerosis on delayed graft function, estimated glomerular filtration rate at 1 y, or long-term graft survival. Our results are valid only after inevitable exclusion of discarded kidneys that had on average more arteriosclerosis. Hence, conclusions should be interpreted in the light of this potential bias.
Boosting Toll-like receptor 4 signaling enhances the therapeutic outcome of antibiotic therapy in pneumococcal pneumonia
Authors: Casilag Fiordiligie , Franck Sebastian , Matarazzo Laura , Figeac Martin , Michelet Robin , Kloft Charlotte , Carnoy Christophe , Sirard Jean-Claude 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTThe emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance emphasize the need for alternative treatment strategies against bacterial infections. Boosting the host innate immunity is not only readily deployable in most individuals but can also mobilize many different antibacterial defenses. This study tested the hypothesis whereby stimulation of the innate immune receptor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) can be combined with antibiotics in the treatment of invasive pneumonia. In a mouse model ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeinfection, a single oral administration of low-dose amoxicillin (AMX) or the systemic delivery of monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA, a clinically-approved TLR4 activator) decreased the bacterial load in lung and spleen, although this was not sufficient for long-term survival. In contrast, a single treatment with a combination of MPLA and AMX induced significant bacterial clearance with little to no regrowth over time, and was associated with longer survival. Upregulation of genes related to granulocyte infiltration in lung tissue and elevation of blood levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines was immediate and transient in MPLA-treated mice; this indicates activation of the innate immune system in a context of infection. Combination treatment was associated with a well-preserved lung tissue architecture and more rapid recovery from inflammation - suggesting that immune activation by MPLA does not exacerbate pneumonia-induced damage. After AMX administration, plasma AMX concentrations rapidly reached the maximum and declined, whereas the downstream effects of MPLA extended beyond AMX elimination; these findings suggested a two-step effect. Our results demonstrated that leveraging host innate immunity increases the efficacy of antibiotic therapy in bacterial pneumonia.
Knowledge guided multi-level network inference
Authors: Ogris Christoph , Hu Yue , Arloth Janine , Müller Nikola S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractConstantly decreasing costs of high-throughput profiling on many molecular levels generate vast amounts of so-called multi-omics data. Studying one biomedical question on two or more omic levels provides deeper insights into underlying molecular processes or disease pathophysiology. For the majority of multi-omics data projects, the data analysis is performed level-wise, followed by a combined interpretation of results. Few exceptions exist, for example the pairwise integration for quantitative trait analysis. However, the full potential of integrated data analysis is not leveraged yet, presumably due to the complexity of the data and the lacking toolsets. Here we propose a versatile approach, to perform a multi-level integrated analysis: The Knowledge guIded Multi-Omics Network inference approach, KiMONo. KiMONo performs network inference using statistical modeling on top of a powerful knowledge-guided strategy exploiting prior information from biological sources. Within the resulting network, nodes represent features of all input types and edges refer to associations between them, e.g. underlying a disease. Our method infers the network by combining sparse grouped-LASSO regression with a genomic position-confined Biogrid protein-protein interaction prior. In a comprehensive evaluation, we demonstrate that our method is robust to noise and still performs on low-sample size data. Applied to the five-level data set of the publicly available Pan-cancer collection, KiMONO integrated mutation, epigenetics, transcriptomics, proteomics and clinical information, detecting cancer specific omic features. Moreover, we analysed a four-level data set from a major depressive disorder cohort, including genetic, epigenetic, transcriptional and clinical data. Here we demonstrated KiMONo’s analytical power to identify expression quantitative trait methylation sites and loci and show it’s advantage to state-of-the-art methods. Our results show the general applicability to the full spectrum multi-omics data and demonstrating that KiMONo is a powerful approach towards leveraging the full potential of data sets. The method is freely available as an R package (https://github.com/cellmapslab/kimono).
The role of CAPG in molecular communication between the embryo and the uterine endometrium: Is its function conserved in species with different implantation strategies?
Authors: Tinning Haidee , Taylor Alysha , Wang Dapeng , Constantinides Bede , Sutton Ruth , Oikonomou Georgios , Velazquez Miguel A. , Thompson Paul , Treumann Achim , O’Connell Mary J , Forde Niamh 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTDuring the pre-implantation period of pregnancy in eutherian mammals, changes to the uterine endometrium are required (both at the transcriptional and protein level) to facilitate the endometrium becoming receptive to an implanting embryo. We know that the developing conceptus (embryo and extraembryonic membranes) produces proteins during this developmental stage. We hypothesised that this common process in early pregnancy in eutheria may be facilitated by highly conserved conceptus-derived proteins such as macrophage capping protein CAPG. More specifically, we propose that CAPG may share functionality in modifying the transcriptome of the endometrial epithelial cells to facilitate receptivity to implantation in species with different implantation strategies, such as human and bovine. A recombinant bovine form of CAPG (91% sequence identity between bovine and human) was produced and bovine endometrial epithelial (bEECs) and stromal (bESCs) cells and human endometrial epithelial cells (hEECs) were cultured for 24 h with or without rbCAPG. RNA sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR analysis was used to assess the transcriptional response to rbCAPG (Control, vehicle, CAPG 10, 100, 1000 ng/ml: n=3 biological replicates per treatment per species). Treatment of bEECs with CAPG resulted in changes to 1052 transcripts (629 increased and 423 decreased) compared to vehicle controls, including those previously only identified as regulated by interferon-tau, the pregnancy recognition signal in cattle. Treatment of hEECs with bovine CAPG increased expression of transcripts previously known to interact with CAPG in different systems (CAPZB, CAPZA2, ADD1andADK) compared with vehicle controls (P<0.05). In conclusion, we have demonstrated that CAPG, a highly conserved protein in eutherian mammals elicits a transcriptional response in the endometrial epithelium in two species with different implantation strategies that may facilitate uterine receptivity.