bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal and diel patterns in activity and habitat use by brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in a small Newfoundland lake
Authors: Cote D. , Tibble B. , Curry R. A. , Peake S. , Adams B. K. , Clarke K. D. , Perry R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDespite the challenges winter poses to salmonids inhabiting temperate and northern environments, there are relatively few studies that evaluate the factors that influence activity and habitat use during this season, particularly for lake environments that are ice-covered. This study examines brook trout depth distribution and movement (activity and range) in relation to temperature, light, and time of day across a 17-month period in a small lake in Newfoundland, Canada. Brook trout maintained elevated diurnal activity patterns throughout the year, despite seasonal changes in temperature, shifts in depth use, and prolonged, ice-induced darkness. Despite the tendency for relatively lower activity at night, brook trout remained active nocturnally, inferring a shift in foraging modes rather than a cessation of feeding. Winter movement velocities and ranges were less than other seasons but they occupied littoral areas that overlapped extensively with spring and fall core ranges. In contrast, summer core ranges of brook trout were principally comprised of areas with cooler water in the deep portion of the lake. As water temperature increased, daytime movement velocities increased in a log-linear fashion, whereas modeled nighttime movement velocity relationships with temperature were curvilinear and included the lowest movement velocities at 2–3 °C and the highest at the extremes of the occupied temperature range. The ability of brook trout to maintain diurnal activity patterns throughout a wide spectrum of environmental conditions suggests a strong behavioral and physiological capacity to adapt to their seasonally variable environment.
Cultivation of early life history stages of Porphyra dioica from the British Isles
Authors: Knoop J. , Griffin J. N. , Barrento S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBladed Bangiales of the genus Porphyra/Pyropia are highly valuable red algae and extensively farmed in South East Asia. Interest is rising in cultivating species local to the North East Atlantic but the control of the heteromorphic life cycle of native species remains difficult as previous studies reported high inter- and intraspecific variability in required cultivation conditions. Here, working with Porphyra dioica from a UK source population, we conducted a series of experiments investigating the influence of substrate, temperature, photoperiod and light intensity on the development of early life history stages (conchocelis (filamentous sporophyte) and young thalli (gametophyte)). Special focus was the influence of temperature and photoperiod on mature conchocelis to induce a conchospore mass release—the current bottleneck of European Porphyra cultivation. Sporophytes grew largest on an oyster shell substrate and under long day conditions at 18 °C. A decrease in temperature from 18 to 9 °C initiated a mass conchospore release (498 ± 146 spores mL−1) from a P. dioica conchocelis culture grown in suspension. Released conchospores germinated into small thalli on nylon ropes, with best growth (7.2 ± 0.9% day−1) at low temperatures of 9 °C. Conchospore germination increased with decreasing light intensity but germination success was generally very low (< 5%), indicating the cultivation protocol needs further improvement. Our results reflect the adaptation of P. diocia to seasonal environmental conditions in temperate regions and the importance of these conditions for the successful cultivation. We are the first to describe a mass conchospore release for P. diocia growing in suspension which has important implications for commercial production.
Riding the Wave of Credit: Are Longer Expansions Really a Bad Omen?
Authors: Castro Vítor , Martins Rodrigo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSome studies argue that credit booms that end up in banking crises are usually longer than those that end without creating havoc. However, they do not test this hypothesis empirically. This paper employs a duration model to assess the relationship between the length of credit booms and their outcome. The empirical analysis shows that credit expansions that end in banking crisis are indeed more prone to last longer than those that end softly. Furthermore, differences in length patterns are found to start in the build-up phase, extending to the unwinding phase of credit cycles.
Climate Variability Impact on the Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Drought and Aridityin Arid and Semi-Arid Regions
Authors: Mohammed Ruqayah , Scholz Miklas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInvestigating the spatiotemporal distribution of climate data and their impact on the allocation of the regional aridity and meteorological drought, particularly in semi-arid and arid climate, it is critical to evaluate the climate variability effect and propose sufficient adaptation strategies. The coefficient of variation, precipitation concentration index and anomaly index were used to evaluate the climate variability, while the Mann-Kendall and Sen’s slope were applied for trend analysis, together with homogeneity tests. The aridity was evaluated using the alpha form of the reconnaissance drought index (Mohammed & Scholz, Water Resour Manag 31(1):531–538, 2017c), whereas drought episodes were predicted by applying three of the commonly used meteorological drought indices, which are the standardised reconnaissance drought index, standardized precipitation index and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index. The Upper Zab River Basin (UZRB), which is located in the northern part of Iraq and covers a high range of climate variability, has been considered as an illustrative basin for arid and semi-arid climatic conditions. There were general increasing trends in average temperature and potential evapotranspiration and decreasing trends in precipitation from the upstream to the downstream of the UZRB. The long-term analysis of climate data indicates that the number of dry years has temporally risen and the basin has experienced succeeding years of drought, particularly after 1994/1995. There was a potential link between drought, aridity and climate variability. Pettitt’s, SNHT, Buishand’s and von Neumann’s homogeneity test results demonstrated that there is an evident alteration in the mean of the drought and aridity between the pre- and post-alteration point (1994).
Interventional Efforts to Reduce Psychological Distress after Orthopedic Trauma: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kirven James C. , Everhart Joshua S. , DiBartola Alex C. , Jones Jeremy , Flanigan David C. , Harrison Ryan 
Published: December 2019

Background Unanticipated severe injury to part of the musculoskeletal system, referred to as orthopedic trauma, can be debilitating. It can also be accompanied by equally debilitating psychological distress, but little is known about the effective interventions for psychological sequelae of orthopedic trauma. Questions/Purposes We sought to determine the effectiveness of interventions on psychological outcomes, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and pain catastrophizing (feelings of helplessness, excessive rumination, and exaggerated description of pain), after major orthopedic trauma. Methods Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement as guidelines, we systematically searched Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Studies included for review were English-language interventional studies in an orthopedic trauma population that included assessment of post-injury psychological distress or disability as either a primary or secondary aim. Results Twelve studies were identified, including six randomized trials, three prospective cohort studies, and three retrospective cohort studies. Study sample sizes ranged from 48 to 569 patients, the mean age ranged from 29 to 52.8 years, and the percentage of male patients ranged from 38 to 90%. We examined four categories of interventions. Peer group treatment (one study) significantly reduced rates of depression but had low participation rates. Brief interventions to teach coping and self-efficacy skills (two studies) decreased depression, pain catastrophizing, and anxiety scores while increasing self-efficacy on short-term follow-up. Individualized counseling and rehabilitation (four studies) resulted in a consistent reduction in the risk of PTSD. Early amputation was found to result in lower rates of PSTD than limb salvage in US military personnel (four studies). One study examined surgeons’ confidence in dealing with possible psychological distress; surgeons who participated in a program on collaborative care were significantly more confident that they could help their patients with such issues. Conclusion Interventional strategies, including group interventions, brief individual interventions, longitudinal counseling, and consideration of early amputation in selected populations have proved effective in reducing negative psychological sequelae of major orthopedic trauma. Further research that determines the effects of interventions in this population is needed.
Web Application for Quantification of Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Cortical Lesions in Adult Mice
Authors: Ciszek Robert , Andrade Pedro , Tapiala Jesse , Pitkänen Asla , Ndode-Ekane Xavier Ekolle 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDisabilities resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI) strongly correlate with the cytoarchitectonic part of the brain damaged, lesion area, and type of lesion. We developed a Web application to estimate the location of the lesion on mouse cerebral cortex caused by TBI induced by lateral fluid-percussion injury. The application unfolds user-determined TBI lesion measurements, e.g., from histologic sections to a reference template, and estimates the total lesion area, including the percentage of cortex damaged in different cytoarchitectural cortical regions. The resulting lesion can be visualized on a two-dimensional map of mouse cerebral cortex. The application also visualizes the development of the lesion over time when measurements from multiple time points are available. The web application was validated by comparing its performance to the manual method. The total area of the cortical lesion was similar between the manual (9.19 ± 0.66 mm2, range 4.25–14.93 mm2) and the automated analysis (9.27 ± 0.66 mm2, range 4.50–15.10 mm2) (p = 0.938). The results of the manual and automated analyses were strongly correlated (r = 0.999, p < 0.0001, Pearson correlation). The lesion localized in the same cytoarchitectonic regions when the unfolded map from the automated method was superimposed onto the map obtained using the manual method. The Web application-automated method is faster than the manual method in generating unfolded cortical lesion maps. The accuracy of the presented automated method in determining the anteroposterior level and outlining the lesion is equal to or greater than that of the manual method. Our application provides a novel tool for accurately quantifying and visualizing TBI lesions on mouse cerebral cortex.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in BRCA1/2 and Multigene Panel Testing Among Young Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Jones T , Trivedi MS , Jiang X , Silverman T , Underhill M , Chung WK , Kukafka R , Crew KD 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGenetic testing for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) is recommended for breast cancer patients diagnosed at age ≤ 50 years. Our objective was to examine racial/ethnic differences in genetic testing frequency and results among diverse breast cancer patients. A retrospective cohort study among women diagnosed with breast cancer at age ≤ 50 years from January 2007 to December 2017 at Columbia University in New York, NY. Among 1503 diverse young breast cancer patients, nearly half (46.2%) completed HBOC genetic testing. Genetic testing completion was associated with younger age, family history of breast cancer, and earlier stage, but not race/ethnicity or health insurance status. Blacks had the highest frequency of pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants (18.6%), and Hispanics and Asians had the most variants of uncertain significance (VUS), 19.0% and 21.9%, respectively. The percentage of women undergoing genetic testing increased over time from 15.3% in 2007 to a peak of 72.8% in 2015. Over the same time period, there was a significant increase in P/LP and VUS results. Due to uncertainty about the clinical implications of P/LP variants in moderate penetrance genes and VUSs, our findings underscore the need for targeted genetic counseling education, particularly among young minority breast cancer patients.
Groundwater quality assessment of Shahdadkot, Qubo Saeed Khan and Sijawal Junejo Talukas of District Qambar Shahdadkot, Sindh
Authors: Lanjwani Muhammad Farooque , Khuhawar Muhammad Yar , Khuhawar Taj Muhammad Jahangir 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe study examines the water quality of Shahdadkot, Qubo Saeed Khan and Sijawal Junejo talukas of Qambar Shahdadkot District, less affected by industrial contamination. A total of 38 groundwater samples were collected and analysed for 28 parameters. The results indicated that 57.89% samples were not suitable for drinking purpose with total dissolved solids above than maximum permissible limit of World Health Organization (WHO) (1000 mg/L). The pH, total phosphate, orthophosphate and nitrite were within WHO limits. The concentration of essential metals more than half samples, fluoride in 60.52% and heavy metals 0–50% were contaminated higher than permissible limits of WHO. The statistical analysis of water quality parameters was also carried out to evaluate coefficient of determination among the parameters, cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Water quality determined for irrigation based on Kelly index (KI), sodium percentage (Na%), chloride–sulphate ratio, sodium adsorption ratio, permeability index (PI), chloroalkaline indices 1 (CAI-1), residual sodium carbonate and chloride bicarbonate ratio indicated that samples (55 to 100%) could be used for irrigation purposes. The consumption of water with high concentration of salts and fluoride above the permissible limits may be a cause of a number of diseases in the area.
Environmental factors driving arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities associated with endemic woody plant Picconiaazorica on native forest of Azores
Authors: Melo Catarina Drumonde , Walker Christopher , Krüger Claudia , Borges Paulo A.V. , Luna Sara , Mendonça Duarte , Fonseca Henrique M. A. C. , Machado Artur Câmara 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play important key roles in the soil ecosystems as they link plants to the root-inaccessible part of soil. The aims of this study were to investigate which environmental factors influence the spatial and temporal structuring of AMF communities associated toPicconia azoricain two Azorean islands (Terceira and São Miguel islands), and investigate the seasonal variation in AMF communities between the two islands.MethodsCommunities of AMF associated withP. azoricain native forest of two Azorean islands (Terceira and São Miguel) were characterised by spore morphology or molecular analysis.ResultsForty-five AMF spore morphotypes were detected from the four fragments ofP. azoricaforest representing nine families of AMF.Acaulosporaceae(14) andGlomeraceae(9) were the most abundant families. AMF density and root colonisation varied significantly between islands and sampling sites. Root colonisation and spore density exhibited temporal patterns, which peaked in spring and were higher in Terceira than in São Miguel. The relative contribution of environmental factors showed that factors such as elevation, relative air humidity, soil pH, and soil available P, K, and Mg influenced AMF spore production and root colonisation.ConclusionDifferent sporulation patterns exhibited by the members of the commonest families suggested different life strategies. Adaptation to a particular climatic and soil condition and host phenology may explain seasonal differences in sporulation patterns. Cohorts of AMF associated toP. azoricaare shaped by regional processes including environmental filters such as soil properties and natural disturbance.
Size of the lower carnassial in the arctic and the red fox from Late Pleistocene in Belgium compared to other ancient and extant populations
Authors: Szuma Elwira , Germonpré Mietje 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLengths, widths, and size proportions (length to width) of the lower carnassial were measured in 45 teeth of the arctic fox and 35 teeth of the red fox from Belgium radiocarbon dated to 46 640–14 120 ka BP. Data the Late Pleistocene foxes from Belgium were compared to 20 ancient and extant populations form Europe, Asia, and North America. The Pleistocene arctic fox from Belgium showed larger carnassial than in all recent samples of this species, whereas the Belgian fossil red foxes were characterized by the carnassial size comparable to that of the recent Siberian red foxes. Both fox species from the Pleistocene of Belgium showed the highest index of the carnassials length to width, which means increase in carnivorous adaptation. We conclude that the higher level of carnivorous specialization reached by the Belgian arctic and red foxes at the end of the Late Pleistocene reflected their scavenging on kills of large carnivores and human hunters (remains of megafauna). Harsh environmental conditions of that period and specific composition of ecosystems led to adapting to a more carnivorous food niche in both foxes.
Ba substitution for enhancement of the thermoelectric properties of LaCoO3 ceramics (0⩽x⩽0.75)
Authors: Bousnina Mohamed Ali , Giovannelli Fabien , Perriere Loïc , Guegan Guillaume , Delorme Fabian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the present work, dense perovskite ceramics were successfully prepared from a series of La1–xBaxCoO3 solid solutions in the range of substitution 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.75 using solid state reaction and conventional sintering. Structural properties of La1–xBaxCoO3 were systematically investigated and thermoelectric properties were measured in the temperature range of 330–1000 K. The results show that the thermoelectric properties of Ba-substituted LaCoO3 depend on x. Indeed, at 330 K, electrical conductivity presents an optimum value for x = 0.25 with a value of σmax ≈ 2.2×105 S·m−1 whereas the Seebeck coefficient decreases when x and/or the temperature increases. The Ba-substituted LaCoO3 samples exhibit p-type semiconducting behaviour. The best power factor value found is 3.4×10−4 W·m−1·K−2 at 330 K for x = 0.075, which is 10% higher than the optimum value measured in La1–xSrxCoO3 for x = 0.05. The thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity increase with increasing temperature and Ba concentration. La1–xBaxCoO3 shows a maximum figure of merit (ZT = 0.048) for x = 0.05 at 330 K, 25% higher than the best value in La1−xSrxCoO3 compounds.
A Theoretical Framework for the Evaluation of Massive Digital Participation Systems in Urban Planning
Authors: Hofmann Mathias , Münster Sander , Noennig Jörg Rainer 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUrban development that strives to meet democratic ideals and the needs of all stakeholders must incorporate public participation. Contemporary participation processes may employ digital tools that open new possibilities regarding the range of participants and the intensity of participation. In particular, they can uniquely allow for large and diverse groups of participants to be involved in collaborative design processes. Evaluating such processes is important because it allows for the justification of the necessary costs and efforts, as well as continuous improvement. Using the phases specified in the minimal viable process of the U_CODE project as an example, this paper aims at describing criteria for the evaluation of participation processes and propose several possible methods for their assessment. While the majority of these criteria resemble criteria traditionally used to assess public participation in general, this paper proposes an additional criterion, as well as ways of applying all of the criteria to digital participation methods. In addition, the criteria and methods described in this paper not only may be used for evaluative purposes during or after a digital participation process but may also be useful guidelines during the planning stages of participation processes. Hence, it may help to consider these criteria to assess the value of the process during its inception stage to avoid mistakes and to enhance the democratic value of the participation process.
Learners’ continuance participation intention of collaborative group project in virtual learning environment: an extended TAM perspective
Authors: Li Honglei , Yu Jiuhong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study is to explore learners’ intention to return to the electronic environment through the use of wikipages. The survey is based on students’ participation in a collaborative group project over a one semester course on business information systems. A research model based on the extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) has been proposed to investigate what factors will influence learners’ continuance participation in the electronic learning environment. 75% of students returned the questionnaire and the data analysis results based on the extended TAM Shows that the learners’ intention to return to the electronic learning environment was highly associated with their attitude towards the electronic learning tool and the affection associated with the tool.
Schooling while incarcerated as a turning point for serious juvenile and young adult offenders
Authors: Jäggi Lena , Kliewer Wendy , Serpell Zewelanji 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionAttending school and working are consistently associated with positive outcomes for juvenile offenders returning to the community.MethodsUsing longitudinal data from the Pathways to Desistance Study, we used structural equation modeling to test whether better school experiences while incarcerated was positively connected to adjustment upon release among serious juvenile offenders (91% male) in the U.S. Adjustment was assessed as attending school for 310 legal minors (<18 years), and engaging in work for 259 emerging adults (≥18 years), as well as self‐reported delinquency for all participants.ResultsAccounting for incarceration and school history, results showed that facility school attachment, but not grades, was associated with decreased delinquency 12 months after release across sex in both age groups. Additionally, facility school attachment predicted engagement in school for returning minors. However, facility school experience was not related to engaging in work for returning emerging adults.ConclusionsResults indicate that facility school climate matters for all juvenile offenders returning to their communities and that correctional education done right presents an important opportunity to reconnect returning minors with school, an important normative context of development. Conversely, results suggest that returning offenders who have ‘aged out’ of high school are a separate vulnerable group who may need additional support for successful reentry.