bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An integrated probabilistic linguistic projection method for MCGDM based on ELECTRE III and the weighted convex median voting rule
Authors: Chen Zi‐yu , Wang Xiao‐kang , Peng Juan‐juan , Zhang Hong‐yu , Wang Jian‐qiang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the multi‐criteria group decision‐making (MCGDM) problems with great uncertainty, making full use of participants' evaluation information could help improve the accuracy and reliability of decision results. Probabilistic linguistic term set (PLTS) is an effective tool to represent qualitative data and can fully express the hesitation and preference of decision makers. Therefore, this paper aims to propose an MCGDM method based on PLTSs. In the proposed method, the projection of PLTSs is explored to measure the distance and angle differences between two objects, and Bayesian best–worst method (Bayesian BWM) is used to determine the aggregated final weights of criteria. Besides, the elimination and choice translating reality III (ELECTRE III) method combined with distillation algorithm deals with the projection of PLTSs to obtain the alternatives' ranking of each decision maker. Then, the weighted convex median voting rule is developed to integrate the rankings results regarding all decision makers, which can solve the conflict of ranking results among experts and ensure that the comprehensive ranking results are reasonable and practical. Finally, a case study of health‐care waste management is designed and comparative analyses are implemented to show the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method.
Density‐dependent prey behaviours and mutable predator foraging modes induce Allee effects and over‐prediction of prey mortality rates
Authors: Siders Zachary A. , Ahrens Robert N. M. , Allen Micheal S. , Walters Carl J. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Predator–prey models are often used to represent consumptive interactions between species but, typically, are derived using simple experimental systems with little plasticity in prey or predator behaviours. However, many prey and predators exhibit a broad suite of behaviours. Here, we experimentally tested the effect of density‐dependent prey and predator behaviours on per capita relative mortality rates using Florida bass (Micropterus floridanus) consuming juvenile Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus).

Experimental ponds were stocked with a factorial design of low, medium, and high prey and predator densities. Prey mortality, prey–predator behaviours, and predator stomach contents were recorded over or after 7 days. We assumed the mortality dynamics followed foraging arena theory. This pathologically flexible predator–prey model separates prey into invulnerable and vulnerable pools where predators can consume prey in the latter. As this approach can represent classic Lotka–Volterra and ratio‐dependent dynamics, we fit a foraging arena predator–prey model to the number of surviving prey.

We found that prey exhibited density‐dependent prey behaviours, hiding at low densities, shoaling at medium densities, and using a provided refuge at high densities. Predators exhibited ratio‐dependent behaviours, using an ambush foraging mode when one predator was present, hiding in the shadows at low prey–high predator densities, and shoaling at medium and high prey–high predator densities. The foraging arena model predicted the mortality rates well until the high prey–high predator treatment where group vigilance prey behaviours occurred and predators probably interfered with one another resulting in the model predicting higher mortality than observed.

This is concerning given the ubiquity of predator–prey models in ecology and natural resource management. Furthermore, as Allee effects engender instability in population regulation, it could lead to inaccurate predictions of conservation status, population rebuilding or harvest rates.
DUI and STI innovation modes in the Canadian wine industry: The geography of interaction modes
Authors: Doloreux David , Shearmur Richard , Porto‐Gomez Igone , Zabala‐Iturriagagoitia Jon Mikel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the geography of collaborations and interactions that are linked to DUI (Doing, Using, and Interacting) and STI (Scientific and Technologically based Innovation) innovation modes in the wine industry: that is, the geography of interaction modes. DUI and STI interaction modes are analysed by exploring their association with innovation and the extent to which this varies with geography. The results, based upon firm‐level data from a sample of 151 Canadian wineries, suggest that different types of innovation are connected to specific interaction modes. We show that the effects of each interaction mode are strongly dependent on whether the mode is deployed regionally or non‐regionally. In particular, the paper highlights marked differences between regional and non‐regional DUI and between regional and non‐regional STI interactions modes with respect to their association with innovation outcomes.
Identifying risk factors and optimizing standard of care for patients with acquired haemophilia A: Results from a Czech patient cohort
Authors: Salaj Peter , Geierová Vera , Ivanová Eva , Loužil Jan , Pohlreichová Viera , Hrachovinová Ingrid , Dulíček Petr 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionAcquired haemophilia A (AHA) is a rare autoimmune disorder, characterized by bleeds of varying severity caused by autoantibodies against factor VIII (FVIII).AimIdentify risk factors associated with AHA‐related deaths/relapses and assess the effect of increased corticosteroid doses.MethodsAHA patients treated across two specialist centres in the Czech Republic, generally receiving first‐line haemostatic therapy with rFVIIa and immunosuppression with corticosteroids/cyclophosphamide, were included. We analysed the association between early death (within 8 weeks of diagnosis [considered disease‐related]) and age, malignancy, FVIII levels and bleeding severity. Risk factors associated with reduced 2‐year survival and relapse incidence, and the effect of increased corticosteroid doses on early death and remission were also assessed.ResultsThe demographics of the described cohort (n = 66) were similar to other AHA registries. Early death occurred in 20% of cases. Unlike age and malignancy, FVIII levels <1% and severe bleeding were associated significantly with early death (P = .010 and P = .046, respectively). Patients with underlying malignancy or requiring continued haemostatic therapy exhibited significantly decreased 2‐year survival compared with those without these risk factors (P = .007 and P = .006, respectively). Patients with an underlying autoimmune disease relapsed significantly more than those without (P = .015). Higher corticosteroid doses were associated with a significantly increased incidence of early deaths (P < .001), but also with early remission (P < .001).ConclusionBased on this rather large patient cohort, we were able to evaluate the significance of several risk factors associated with treatment outcomes in AHA and the effect of initial treatment with corticosteroids on survival and time to remission.
Early childhood caries and related risk factors: A cross‐sectional study of children in Zhejiang Province, China
Authors: Zhu Haihua , Ying Xuan , Zhu Fudong , Huang Chaoqiang , Yu Yunxian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis work aims to exploring the risk factors related to ECC by investigating oral health status, related behaviours and habits of children and their parent's knowledge regarding oral hygiene.MethodA total of 2700 children aged 3‐5 years and their parents from Zhejiang province were examined. Chi‐square test or U test was used to analyse the difference of caries incidence among different groups. Logistic multiple factor stepwise regression model was used to analyse the risk factors influencing ECC prevalence.ResultsECC prevalence rate in these children was 70.7%. The mean decayed missing filled teeth(dmft) scores were 4.33. Through analysis of logistic multiple factor stepwise regression model, risk factors related to the prevalence of ECC in children include: older age, region (coastal or mountainous area), higher frequency of bedtime dessert consumption and poor care of children's oral health by parents. In the questionnaire, 5 of 14 questions showed parents’ poor oral knowledge or awareness.ConclusionThe prevalence rate of ECC in children aged 3‐5 in this study was high and associated with older age, region (coastal or mountainous area), higher frequency of bedtime dessert consumption and poor care of children's oral health. Parents need to strengthen their understanding and action of dental caries.
Manifestations of blood coagulation and its relation to clinical outcomes in severe COVID‐19 patients: Retrospective analysis
Authors: Zhang Yanhong , He Liwei , Chen Huixin , Lu Shuangyan , Xiong Yongfen , Liu Juan , Zheng Yao , Wang Shun , Liu Lei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionCharacteristics of blood coagulation and its relation to clinical outcomes in COVID‐19 patients are still rarely reported. We aimed to investigate the blood coagulation function and its influences on clinical outcomes of patients with syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection.MethodsA total of 71 severe patients with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection who were treated in Wuhan First Hospital from February 12 to March 20, 2020, were enrolled. The blood coagulation data in these patients and in 61 healthy controls were collected. The patients with COVID‐19 were divided into two groups: the aggravated group and the nonaggravated group, respectively, basing on whether the patients' conditions turned to critically ill or not after admission.ResultsCompared with healthy controls, patients with COVID‐19 had significant performances with coagulation dysfunction, including dramatically elevated values of FIB, PT, APTT, INR, FDP, and D‐Dimers but markedly reduced AT value (P < .05). Importantly, more noteworthy coagulation disorders similar to the differences between patients and controls were found in the aggravated patients with conditions deterioration after admission than those in the nonaggravated patients without conditions deterioration (P < .05). Moreover, the aggravated patients possessed a longer hospital stay and a higher mortality compared with the nonaggravated patients (P < .001). The coagulation parameters of COVID‐19 patients were widely and closely related to the indexes of liver function and inflammation (P < .05), indicating the coagulation dysfunction of these patients may be caused by liver injury and inflammatory storm.ConclusionSevere patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection often possess coagulation dysfunction on admission. A certain correlation exists in coagulation disorder and adverse clinical outcome among severe COVID‐19 patients.
Emploi des jeunes et inégalité des chances: en quoi le monde arabe est‐il différent?
Authors: DIMOVA Ralitza , STEPHAN Karim 
Published: June 2020

RésuméLe marché du travail du Moyen‐Orient et de l'Afrique du Nord se caractérise par un chômage des jeunes généralisé et par un nombre disproportionné de chômeurs parmi les nouveaux diplômés. À partir des enquětes du BIT sur le passage de l'école à la vie active menées en Égypte, Jordanie et Tunisie, les auteurs regardent si cela tient à l'inégalité des chances ou à des caractéristiques structurelles induisant des discordances entre offre et demande de travail. Les principales explications seraient le faible nombre d'emplois qualifiés disponibles et le peu de valeur accordée aux qualifications acquises dans le système de formation professionnelle.
Time‐resolved mRNA and miRNA expression profiling reveals crucial coregulation of molecular pathways involved in epithelial–pneumococcal interactions
Authors: Li Haiyan , Lin Li , Chong Lei , Gu Shuge , Wen Shunhang , Yu Gang , Hu Xiaoguang , Dong Lin , Zhang Hailin , Li Changchong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStreptococcus pneumoniae is a major causative agent of pneumonia worldwide and its complex interaction with the lung epithelium has not been thoroughly characterized. In this study, we exploited both RNA‐sequencing and microRNA (miRNA)‐sequencing approaches to monitor the transcriptional changes in human lung alveolar epithelial cells infected by S. pneumoniae in a time‐resolved manner. A total of 1330 differentially expressed (DE) genes and 45 DE miRNAs were identified in all comparisons during the infection process. Clustering analysis showed that all DE genes were grouped into six clusters, several of which were primarily involved in inflammatory or immune responses. In addition, target gene enrichment analyses identified 11 transcription factors that were predicted to link at least one of four clusters, revealing transcriptional coregulation of multiple processes or pathways by common transcription factors. Notably, pharmacological treatment suggested that phosphorylation of p65 is important for optimal transcriptional regulation of target genes in epithelial cells exposed to pathogens. Furthermore, network‐based clustering analysis separated the DE genes negatively regulated by DE miRNAs into two functional modules (M1 and M2), with an enrichment in immune responses and apoptotic signaling pathways for M1. Integrated network analyses of potential regulatory interactions in M1 revealed that multiple DE genes related to immunity and apoptosis were regulated by multiple miRNAs, indicating the coordinated regulation of multiple genes by multiple miRNAs. In conclusion, time‐series expression profiling of messenger RNA and miRNA provides a wealth of information for global transcriptional changes, and offers comprehensive insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying host–pathogen interactions.
CeO2 and CeO2:Pr nanocrystalline powders prepared by the polymeric precursor method: Yellow and red pigments with tunable color
Authors: Gonzaga Luiziana Aparecida , Santana Vinicius Tadeu , Bernardi Maria Inês Basso , Hrubý Jakub , Neugebauer Petr , Mesquita Alexandre 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe development of stable and reproducible inorganic pigments is noteworthy for industrial applications mainly considering more intense shades and low toxicity. Among the various candidates to substitute non‐hazardous red and yellow pigments, CeO2 and CeO2:Pr have been attracting attention because of their opacity and high‐temperature stability besides being environmental‐friendly and health‐friendly. In this study, nanostructured CeO2 and CeO2:Pr samples were synthesized using the polymeric precursor method and structural and optical characterizations were performed. Scanning electron microscopy reveals the morphology of CeO2 nanoparticles in which the particle size ranges from 22 to 28 nm as a function of the annealing temperature. Pr‐doping does not show influence on the particle size. XRD results show that CeO2 and CeO2:Pr samples crystallize in the cubic fluorite lattice with Fm3m space group. Raman spectra show the fluorite F2g mode, confirming the XRD results. With Pr‐doping and the annealing of the samples, two bands are observed between 550 and 600 cm−1, which are related to the defects in the fluorite structure associated with oxygen vacancies. XPS spectra reveal an increase in the ratio of Ce3+ ions depending on the annealing temperature and Pr‐doping. This increase is associated with the carbon removal from the lattice by annealing. This behavior causes a change in the hue of the powders as the annealing temperature increases. According to diffuse reflectance and colorimetric measurements, CeO2 shows a light‐yellow color due to the O 2p­Ce 4f transitions whose b* parameter mainly decreases with annealing, becoming almost white. The CeO2:Pr sample exhibits a red‐orange color because of the electronic transitions between 4f2 → 5d1 states of Pr3+. Upon annealing, L* and b* parameters decrease, resulting in a red‐brown shade. The charge compensation or charge transfer is responsible for the modification of the hue of these pigments.
Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors reduce day‐to‐day glucose variability in patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Chiba Koki , Nomoto Hiroshi , Nakamura Akinobu , Cho Kyu Yong , Yamashita Kumiko , Shibayama Yui , Miya Aika , Kameda Hiraku , Kurihara Yoshio , Aoki Shin , Atsumi Tatsuya , Miyoshi Hideaki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionSodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are used worldwide because of their multiple benefits for patients with type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of SGLT2i in patients with type 1 diabetes.Materials and MethodsPatients with type 1 diabetes who had been treated with SGLT2i for >12 weeks were included in this retrospective observation study. We recorded the changes in body mass, insulin dose, blood and urine test data, and adverse events. The changes in day‐to‐day glucose variability, as the primary end‐point, was evaluated using the interquartile range (P25/P75) of the ambulatory glucose data obtained using continuous glucose monitoring.ResultsA total of 51 patients (37 women; mean age 52.7 years) were included. Glycated hemoglobin and body mass significantly decreased by 0.4% and 1.6 kg, respectively. The total required insulin dose decreased by 9.4% (42.7 ± 26.6–38.7 ± 24.3 units/day). Continuous glucose monitoring data were obtained from 30 patients. P25/P75 decreased by 17.6 ± 20.7% during SGLT2i treatment (P < 0.001). The percentage of time per day within the target glucose range of 70–180 mg/dL significantly increased (from 42.2 to 55.5%, P < 0.001), without an increase in the percentage of time spent in the hypoglycemic range (<70 mg/dL). Urinary ketone bodies were detected in four patients (7.8%), but none developed ketoacidosis.ConclusionsSGLT2i improved day‐to‐day glucose variability and time in the target glucose range, without increasing frequency of hypoglycemia, in patients with type 1 diabetes, and reduced glycated hemoglobin, body mass and the required insulin dose.
Vitamin D affects the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Wang Si‐Yang , Shen Ting‐Ting , Xi Bei‐Li , Shen Zhan , Zhang Xian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionChronic inflammation is an underlying feature of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hypovitaminosis D is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but whether it contributes to chronic inflammation is unclear. We examined the effects of vitamin D on various immune markers to evaluate its contribution to systemic inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, people with prediabetes and control patients without diabetes (n = 9,746). Demographic and clinical variables were evaluated using descriptive statistics and generalized linear regression. A stratified analysis based on total serum vitamin D was also carried out.ResultsNeutrophil count was a significant predictor of 1,5‐anhydroglucitol and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients with prediabetes (1,5‐anhydroglucitol: β = −0.719, P < 0.001 and HbA1c: β = −0.006, P = 0.002) and patients with diabetes (1,5‐anhydroglucitol: β = 0.207, P = 0.004 and HbA1c: β = −0.067, P = 0.010). Lymphocyte count was a significant predictor of HbA1c in patients without diabetes (β = 0.056, P < 0.001) and patients with prediabetes (β = 0.038, P < 0.001). The neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was a significant predictor of HbA1c in patients without diabetes (β = −0.001, P = 0.032). No immune markers differed significantly based on vitamin D level among patients without diabetes (P> 0.05 for all). Among patients with prediabetes, those who were vitamin D‐deficient had the highest NLR (P = 0.040). Among patients with diabetes, those who were vitamin D‐deficient had the highest neutrophil count (P = 0.001), lowest lymphocyte count (P = 0.016) and highest NLR (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe NLR is strongly influenced by serum vitamin D level. Given the high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and elevated NLR among chronic disease patients and the elderly, our results suggest that clinical interpretation of NLR as a predictive marker of type 2 diabetes mellitus‐related inflammation should consider vitamin D level, age and pre‐existing morbidity.
Neuropsychological profile of amyloid‐positive versus amyloid‐negative amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Alves Luísa , Cardoso Sandra , Silva Dina , Mendes Tiago , Marôco João , Nogueira Joana , Lima Marisa , Tábuas‐Pereira Miguel , Baldeiras Inês , Santana Isabel , de Mendonça Alexandre , Guerreiro Manuela 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionPatients diagnosed with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) are at high risk of progressing to dementia. It became possible, through the use of biomarkers, to diagnose those patients with aMCI who have Alzheimer's disease. However, it is presently unfeasible that all patients undergo biomarker testing. Since neuropsychological testing is required to make a formal diagnosis of aMCI, it would be interesting if it could be used to predict the amyloid status of patients with aMCI.MethodsParticipants with aMCI, known amyloid status (Aβ+ or Aβ−) and a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation, were selected from the Cognitive Complaints Cohort database for this study. Neuropsychological tests were compared in Aβ+ and Aβ− aMCI patients. A binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to model the probability of being amyloid positive.ResultsOf the 216 aMCI patients studied, 117 were Aβ+ and 99 were Aβ−. Aβ+ aMCI patients performed worse on several memory tests, namely Word Total Recall, Logical Memory Immediate and Delayed Free Recall, and Verbal Paired Associate Learning, as well as on Trail Making Test B, an executive function test. In a binary logistic regression model, only Logical Memory Delayed Free Recall retained significance, so that for each additional score point in this test, the probability of being amyloid positive decreased by 30.6%. The resulting model correctly classified 64.6% of the aMCI cases regarding their amyloid status.ConclusionsThe neuropsychological assessment remains an essential step to diagnose and characterize patients with aMCI; however, neuropsychological tests have limited value to distinguish the aMCI patients who have amyloid pathology from those who might suffer from other clinical conditions.
Frontal fibrosing alopecia and genital Lichen sclerosus: Single‐center experience
Authors: Grassi Sara , Tadiotto Cicogna Giulia , Magri Francesca , Caterina Fortuna Maria , Caro Gemma , Pernazza Angelina , Soda Giuseppe , Miraglia Emanuele , Giustini Sandra , Carlesimo Marta , Rossi Alfredo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite the incidence of Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) has been increasing in last two decades, the pathophysiology and trigger factors of FFA have not been yet fully understood.AimsThe aim of this study was to describe epidemiology, clinical and trichoscopic features and comorbidities of FFA patients, in order to improve the understanding of this disease.Patients/MethodsA retrospective, observational monocentric study was conducted from 2003 to 2019. Data concerning epidemiology (age, gender, age of menopause, and age of FFA onset), comorbidities, current therapies, localization of FFA (such as frontotemporal hairline, occipital, eyebrow, eyelash, beard, sideburns, and body hair), presence of papules and sign of Lichen planus (LP) at skin, mucosae and/or nail were collected for each patient included.ResultsA total of 119 Caucasian, adult patients (8 men and 111 female) with FFA were enrolled in the study. Cutaneous, mucosal, or nail localization of LP were found in 16% of our subjects. Interestingly, 15 out of 119 subjects (10.61%) were affected by concomitant genital Lichen sclerosus (LS) and 5 out of these 15 patients (4.38%) presented both LS and LP in association with FFA.ConclusionConsidering the high prevalence of LS in FFA patients in our case series, and the frequency of autoimmune comorbidities in both LS and FFA, it is possible to hypothesize an autoimmune process in both conditions. Further studies are needed for a better understanding of the nature of the association between LS and FFA.