bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green Synthesis Using Klebsiella pneumoniae as well as its Execution onto Textiles for Microbe Resistance
Authors: Singh Pankaj Kumar , Goyal Monika 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMicroorganisms like bacteria and yeast and their use in the combination of nanoparticles is a basically a recent phenomenon. These microorganisms lessen the toxicity by decreasing the ions of metal or through the creation of complexes which are insoluble along with the metal’s ions (as metal sulfides) as colloidal elements. The present study focuses on bio-synthesis of silver nanoparticles by the bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae. The reduction of AgNO3to Ag nanoparticles was due to the extracellular production of the enzyme nitrate reductase by the K. pneumoniae into the medium. The particles were characterized by SEM. The biosynthesized Ag nanoparticles were padded on the fabrics of cotton by cure method of dry pad. The preliminary antimicrobial activity was performed by disc diffusion method against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The antimicrobial property of the treated fabrics were confirmed qualitatively and quantitatively by parallel streak (AATCC- 147) and challenge test (AATCC -100) respectively. SEM results revealed the form of the nano particles were in range of 50 - 60 nm. An area of inhibition of 7 mm as well as 5 mm were found against S.aureus and E.coli respectively by disc diffusion test. Parallel streak method also confirmed the anjinicrobial activity. The results of the challenge test revealed the fabrics treated with biosynthesized nanoparticles depicted 100% minimum point in comparision with S.aureus and 99% reduction against E.coli.
Nanotechnological Nano Noses
Authors: Singh Pradeep Kumar , Goyal Monika , Yadav Rajat 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNano-biosensors surely have their place in the modern universe of the nanotechnologies. The most recent age of electronic noses is nano biosensor clusters dependent on the electrical properties of olfactory receptors from well-evolved creatures, which are proteins arranged in the olfactory epithelium inside the nasal pits. The e-noses accompany various likely applications in sanitation and quality control (poisonous mixes, corruption, immaculateness), beauty care products, assurance of the earth (air and water quality, contaminants, smoke investigation), on-line observing of modern or natural procedures (aging, maturation), security controls (location of risky or harmful substances, explosives, drugs), as a guide while scanning for covered casualties, clinical diagnostics (diabetes, schizophrenia, malignant growth, and so on.), and so forth. These e-noses have been utilized for quite a long time in the research centers of numerous associations. Notwithstanding, as of not long ago they have been unreasonable for use in reality. E-noses have needed versatility, taken too long to even think about producing valuable outcomes, and have just had the option to break down lab arranged examples. The Nano-Nose will upset the electronic nose industry with its minimized size and down to earth pertinence. The lightweight gadget is handheld and can identify and measure analytes quickly. The Nano-Nose is likewise one of a kind in its capacity to break down gushing air instead of just lab controlled air tests, enhancing its true ease of use.
Taguchi Optimization and Flame Hardening Experimental Investigation on Eglin Steel
Authors: Marichamy S , Dhinakaran V , Stalin B , Ravichandran M , Balasubramanian M , Anand Chairman C 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFlame hardening was one of the surfaces hardening methods to improve the substance behaviors. It was a rapid and economical method to harden the selected surface of the material. It is suitable for all types of steels, particularly wear resistant steel. The hardening of the material was achieved through heating the material and then followed by quenching process. Eglin steel was one of the wear resistant steel which was considered for the experimental work. After the surface of flame hardening of it, Brinell hardness was found through the input factors such as surface temperature, standoff distance (SOD) and quenching time. The Taguchi optimization was used to analyze the effect of flame hardening factors and it has provided the optimal solutions. The involvement factor was studied through the variance test.
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Perspectives and Recent Developments
Authors: Dhinakaran V , Stalin B , Ravichandran M , Balasubramanian M , Anand Chairman C , Pritima D 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The outstanding performance of producing complex three dimensional moulded components, which could be difficult or impossible to accomplish through traditional production processes. Additive processing in recent years has revolutionised the processing paradigm. Due to the high deposition speeds, which are substantially higher than powdered techniques, the wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is distinct among various additive manufacturing techniques that are suitable for producing large metal components. WAAM’s efficiency is growing rapidly, and thus substantial study is ongoing. This research work will include an overview of the greatest advances in WAAM, outlining the innovations and variants in processes to monitor the microstructure, mechanical properties and defect production in the as-built components along with the most important technological materials used, and the variants of WAAM.
Estimation of Tensile and Compression Properties of 2D Woven Jute and Kevlar Hybrid Laminate
Authors: Raja N D , Kumar K V A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this study, the mechanical properties of a 2D woven novel hybrid laminate containing jute in the warp direction and Kevlar in the weft direction as reinforcement material is compared with four different weaving patterns. The hybrid laminates were tested for its tensile strength, elongation percentage and compressive strength. The results show that under the condition of identical composition of the matrix element, similarity in the thickness of the laminates and same stacking sequences, the weaving patterns exhibit profound influence on the tensile and compressive properties. The plain weaving pattern exhibited lowest tensile strength and compressive strength while the highest values for the two properties was observed from the hybrid laminate having twill weave pattern.
Vibration Analysis of Cutting Tool insert in Turning of 42CrMo4 alloy steel
Authors: Ramesh Kannan C , Manivannan S , Vairamuthu J , Velmurugan P , Manohar N Janaki , Stalin B 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This investigation, vibration analysis of cutting tool in turning of 42CrMo4 alloy steel using CNMG120408SMRH13A insert. Tool vibration is the important phenomenon which affects the life of the cutting tool, machining quality and behaviour of the metal cutting process. In metal cutting, tool vibration is the significant factor affecting the surface quality of machined surfaces. In this experimental work, control this vibration should be arrested by external force. In the proposed system damper method has used to control the tool vibration. It will be predicted by comparing the parameters of cutting speed, feed, depth of cut, material removal rate and surface roughness of turning operation. The generated vibration is measured. The machining performance has derived by the analytical method and experimentally.
Investigation of cryogenic soaking period on flank wear in turning using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Ramesh Kannan C , Manivannan S , Vairamuthu J , Tilahun Samuel , Vijayakumar M D , Stalin B 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this investigation, the effects of cryogenic soaking time on cutting insert were investigated. Cryogenic treatments were carried out at -196°C for various soaking times of 12, 24, and 48hours followed by tempering at 200°C for 2hours. The Scan Electron Microscope image and X-Ray Diffraction pattern analysis validate the structure of η-carbide on the surfaces of the inserts. The hardness result revealed that the deep cryogenic treatment improved the surface rigidity of the inserts. The speed, feed rate and depth of cut are preferred as input parameters of the experiment. The out response of the tool wear is measured the flank wear of the inserts. As a result, increase in soaking time of deep cryogenic treatment imports superior tool wear resistance of the inserts.
Understanding of Non-Value-Added Overtime in Manufacturing Operations
Authors: Abdul Rasib A H , Musazali M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The manufacturing industry plays a crucial role in the production process to meet the demands of the market and to raise the standard of living recently. Nevertheless, one of the most common issues associated with the industry is unnecessary overtime. Overtime has produced a variety of negative consequences on production output. This paper aims to identify the various causes of unnecessary overtime, and the causes have been categorised through the seven wastes of lean manufacturing. This paper also focuses on unnecessary overtime occurred in industries. The method used in this paper is by reviewing the relevant literature from conference papers and journal publications, including the International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, and International Journal of Engineering and Technology, amongst many others. Finally, the critical components of NAO have been finalised according to the necessaryscopes of operation, which considered as factors which are pre-production, in-production, and post-production. Based on the final critical components, there were two critical sub-factors in pre-production components, six critical sub-factors in-production elements, and five critical sub-factors post-production components.
Effect of Melt Temperature and Holding Time on Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Composites Bottom Ash Reinforced
Authors: Made Kastiawan I , Nyoman Sutantra I , Sutikno  
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this study, observing the effect of variations in melt temperature and holding time on the mechanical properties of polypropylene composite materials with coal bottom ash reinforcement has been done. This composite used a particle size of 200-250 mesh with a composition of 10%, and a polypropylene matrix of 90% by weight. Melting temperatures had a variation of 170°C, 180°C and 190°C, and holding times had a change of 0, 30 and 60 minutes. Bottom ash was washed with fresh water (room temperature) and warm water (80°C) until clean from impurities. The next process, bottom ash was drained at room temperature for 24 hours and dried at a temperature of 120°C for 3 hours. The test results showed the value of composite increases to 24.4% for tensile and 123% for flexure strength from the pure matrix strength. These properties were essential information for alternative engineering material research.
Wear experimentation on Tantalum carbide-based Niobium MMC
Authors: Arravind R , Vairamuthu J , Stalin B , Shanmugam S , Balaji R , Dhinakaran V 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe niobium and its alloys have been used for automobile, marine, and aerospace due to its superior properties such as a lightweight ratio, strength, corrosion resistance, thermal and electrical conductivity. The present work was used to improve the substance properties such as hardness and wear. Tantalum Carbide (TaC) reinforced niobium metal matrix composite (MMC) was produced through the stir casting route. The specific wear rate was determined through a pin on disc tribometer with respect to the input actors such as sliding velocity, load, and temperature. Taguchi optimization was applied to found the optimal parameters. The variance analysis was used to found the influential factor in the wear rate.
Development of Low cost 6 Dot Unicode Braille printer for aiding visually impaired persons
Authors: Mohamed Ismail A , Yuvaraj K , Vigneswaran S , Nagarajan P 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Numbers of Visually impaired persons are suffering a lot for communicating their thoughts. Braille literacy is not affordable to all since the printers are expensive which costs roughly one Lakhs. This work aims to develop a braille embosser for the affordable price which embosses the A4 size sheet with braille code. Arduino Uno controller is employed to control the angular position of the stepper motor. The input is given as text format to the serial monitor of the arduino IDE. The input texts are converted into Unicode in order to get the corresponding braille code. With the help of stepper motors code is printed on the paper. Keywords: Braille Printer, Arduino UNO, Braille code, Stepper motors, affordable cost.
Performance and Emission Characterization of Adjustable Cylinder Head Type Variable Compression Ratio in Two-Stroke SI Engine
Authors: Gowtham R , Hakeem Meeran Bathusha A , Sankara Ganapathy R , Mohanraj K , Venkatasubramanian N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A lot of technologies have been introduced to retain the petrol engines which exhibit a lot of drawbacks based on emissions and knocking. Variable compression ratio (VCR) technology is applied in the line of SI engines for a long period to give back the standards. This paper is going to analyze and experiment on a commercially available type of VCR technologies. The investigation can provide a great method of varying the compression ratio that is put forth, practically analyzed, and previewed with a change from the previous paper and taken to an account to restrict the compression ratio of +/-1.5. In this analysis, we use the same technology as commercially used two-stroke engines but the clearance volume is changed and introduces a metallic bung on the burning chamber. We have performed the test by varying the compression ratios to more or less than two from the original compression ratio. At lesser weight conditions, a low compression ratio is maintained throughout the experiment to boost up the turbocharger to get a better amount of volumetric efficiency without any trouble. The engine is tested at various compression ratios for the performance study and emissions from the power source at various load conditions. While adopting this method in commercial, we can achieve a potentially higher fuel economy, more power, lower emission compared to other available technologies in ongoing research.
Modelling of Robotic Single Peg-In-Hole Assembly Using ADAMS/MATLAB Co-simulation
Authors: Nagarajan P , Vigneshwaran S , Yuvaraj K , Mohammed Ismail A , Raghavendra Prabhu S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A virtual assembly model of robotic single peg-in-hole assembly environment is developed to determine contact force using ADAMS/MATLAB Co-simulation in this work. The existing dynamic models of the insertion process are incapable of replicating the real assembly scenarios due to its complicated mathematical expressions and handling variety of dynamic parameters. In order to address this problem, a co-simulation model is proposed to study the dynamic behaviour of a planar robot in executing an assembly process. Initially, the physical robotic assembly environment with 3-R planar manipulator is built in Solid Works and it is imported to ADAMS environment for the analysis. A Cartesian trajectory for the end-effector is given as input for executing the assembly process. Since simulation in ADAMS is executed with joint values, inverse kinematic calculations of the manipulator are employed in MATLAB environment to convert the given Cartesian descriptions into their corresponding joint descriptions. Further, the joint values are properly exchanged between these different software environments using co-simulation model to simulate the intended assembly process. Besides, the contact forces at peg end are analysed under defined lateral error condition.
Predicting the Emissive Characteristics of an IC Engine Using DNN
Authors: Pravin M C , Mukilan M , Vishnu Prakash G , Nithish P , Monish Kanna B , Logesh E 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Biodiesel is the new form of automotive fuel that the world is now concerning and several researches are going on for the production of an efficient form of Bio-Diesel because of the fact that Diesel and Petrol are going to be exhaustible in nearly 60 years. In order to produce an efficient fuel, it is inevitable to calculate the emission characteristics concerning the fuel. This project deals with the efficient and intelligent way of analyzing and calculating the engine emission characteristics of Bio-diesel operated IC engines. A Machine Learning based model using TensorFlow library has been developed using python programming for the calculation of emission characteristics such as Carbon-monoxide (CO) and Carbon-dioxide (CO2) of an IC engine upon injection of Bio-diesel as fuel in different proportions. These investigations and data-sets are considered for a four stroke internal combustion engine. In this Machine Learning model TensorFlow library has been used for the better visualization of the results and error rectification. The results of the developed TensorFlow model are then compared with an existing Fuzzy model for the same application. The results predicted by this model clearly are in good correlation with the actual values which depicts that this method is effective and the total error of the developed model was found to be ±0.02 which is comparatively lower than that of the existing Fuzzy model. Concludingly, the Machine learning model using TensorFlow was found to be the best model for the calculation of engine emission characteristics of Bio-diesel operated IC engines as it offers more visualization tools and better predictive analysis.
Detection of Soft Sensor Fault Using EKF Algorithm for Two Tank Interacting System
Authors: Sneha K. , Vaishnavi P. , Ganesh M. , Jagadeesh C. , Hariharan A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper deals with the identification of fault acting in the highly non-linear two-tank interacting system. This two-tank interacting system is reported with a sensor fault that is acting on the system which makes the system to be highly unstable. For detecting the fault, the estimation algorithm is used. Here the Extended Kalman Filter algorithm is used for identifying the sensor fault acting in the system. In the EKF algorithm residual is generated that indicates the presence of the fault. The residual that is generated gives the difference between the actual and the predicted measurement. This residual generation shows the magnitude of fault that is present in the system and also the nature of the fault that is acting in the system. This EKF based detection of fault indicates the occurrence of fault at the instant of time.
Intelligent and Stable Next Generation HetNets with Self-aggregated Framework
Authors: Sethi Anita , Bisht Manoj 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The malfunctioning of critical infrastructure causes high-quality deterioration, financial effect and loss of life in a town in the present scenario. It is essential to check the cost-effectiveness and reliability of the quality of critical infrastructures in the pandemic situation. Sensitive monitoring of an infrastructure is costly but necessary, in which fault identification and corrective action are needed at service levels to avoid cascading failures with minimal communication latency. With enhanced expense, resource, and process performance, the growing population in smart cities demanded a high living standard, rigorously straining energy, city services, and infrastructure. Intelligent houses, intelligent transport and smart buildings linked with intelligent networks are three pillars of the smart city initiative. In this paper, an improved framework for enhanced Quality of Service with higher performance in a 5G network is presented. A detailed description of reconfigurable intelligent Smart networks and reconfiguration analysis at various layers are also discussed. SDN and NFV, with the help of an intelligent SDN controller, provide the context for managing a multi-objective heterogeneous network. For self-optimization and self-healing, multiple clustering heuristics are useful for managing these networks at the various locations of smart projects.
A prototype of Fixed Wing UAV for delivery of Medical Supplies
Authors: Pavithran R , Lalith V , Naveen C , Sabari S P , Ajay Kumar MST , Hariprasad V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A prototype Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is designed for the purpose of last mile delivery to supply medicines and vaccines. This work aims to ascertain that UAVs can be employed to decrease transportation times, increased power efficiency, and improved safety for transportation of necessary products. The prototype model is design to deliver 1 kg maximum payload up to 5 km with an endurance time of 30 minutes. The model is fabricated with a wing span of 1.5 m, Aspect ratio 7, and contains NACA 6 series airfoil shape as its cross section. During the transportation of payload, it has to fly beyond the line of sight which requires an autonomous Pixhawk flight controller installed in the model. Autonomous module aids in the safe flight avoiding the obstacles during the operation. To comply with government regulations for flying the model cruises at an altitude of 350 feet. After reaching the desired GPS destination, the payload is delivered to the target customer via parachute. However the model requires a runway length of 200 m for its takeoff and landing operation.
Simulation of Tic-Tac-Toe Game using LabVIEW
Authors: Deepa R , Janani M , Singh Ankita 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Tic-Tac-Toe game is a two player game, in which a circle (O) or a cross (X) will fill the square block with three rows and three columns. There will be switching between the players in the game where each player will be provided a chance to make their move. If one of the two players have marked the same markers horizontally, vertically or diagonally then that particular player would awarded points. LabVIEW is the platform in which the above game is simulated. Tic Tac Toe is a two-player game which can be played using the LabView software. In this program the select function is used for the player to select the marker and the view feature in the program is to place the marker selected by the player in the desired position of that player. After each player makes their move the software will update and scan while it continues for the conditions of the game. Overall, this tic-tac-toe operates with the features of the programme and can be used without security problems.