bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple extra‐pulmonary disorders associated with Rhodococcus equi infection in a 2‐month‐old foal
Authors: Le Corre S. , Janes J. , Slovis N. M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA 2‐month‐old Thoroughbred filly was referred to Hagyard Equine Medical Institute for further evaluation of acute pyrexia and a suspected intra‐abdominal abscess based on abdominal ultrasonography performed in the field. Initial examination revealed bilateral uveitis, polysynovitis, a large internal abdominal abscess and pneumonia. A transtracheal wash confirmed the presence of a multi‐sensitive strain of Rhodococcus equi. Anaemia and thrombocytopenia were noted during hospitalisation. Results of a Coombs test were consistent with an immune‐mediated haemolytic process. Recurrent pyrexia, abdominal discomfort and severe respiratory distress unresponsive to intensive medical support motivated euthanasia followed by necropsy after 30 days of treatment. Overall, six extra‐pulmonary disorders were simultaneously diagnosed despite the lack of pulmonary pyogranulomas.
Regulatory monitoring and university financial reporting quality: Agency and resource dependency perspectives
Authors: Greenwood Margaret J. , Tao Lei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper we exploit the complementarities between agency theory and resource dependence theory to investigate the influence of regulatory monitoring on financial reporting quality in the higher education sector. Our setting is U.K. universities. Using 14 years of data over the period 2002–2015, we find that financial reporting quality, (proxied by discretionary accruals), improves with the intensity of monitoring and resource dependence (proxied by the proportion of funding from regulators/funding bodies). However, this positive influence is mitigated in the presence of a pre‐discretionary deficit, a proxy for the threat of regulatory intervention. A net benefit from monitoring remains for those universities with low levels of regulated funding but in those where there is high dependence the monitoring benefit is reversed and a pre‐discretionary deficit is converted to a small reported surplus. Both agency and resource dependence theories offer explanations for these findings. Agency theory predicts increased financial reporting quality with increased monitoring and also a reduction in financial reporting quality to avoid costly regulatory intervention. Resource dependence theory predicts that both these effects will increase with increased dependence on resources from a key provider. These findings extend our theoretical understanding of financial reporting quality of universities, contribute to the limited literature on financial reporting quality in the not‐for‐profit and public sectors, and contribute to the exploration of the use of alternative theoretical frameworks in the domain of public sector accounting.
Widow and Bereaved Mother Relations After Loss of Husband or Son: A Double Perspective
Authors: Segev Einav , Regev Irit , Hochman Yael , Zafrany Yaffa , Sherfi Yaffa , Elkayam Ayelet 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo explore the perception of the relationships between widows and bereaved mothers after the loss of their husband or son from a double perspective.BackgroundDespite the centrality of the husband and son in making the connection between the mother‐in‐law and the daughter‐in‐law, there are almost no studies on the implications of the absence of the husband and son, after he is deceased, on this relationship.MethodTwenty semistructured interviews were conducted with 10 widows and 10 bereaved mothers who were recruited by convenience sample. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsThe findings indicate complex relationships between widows and bereaved mothers. Some factors, such as a history of good relations, helped bolster the relationship, but others such as guilt, blaming, and obstructing actors, thwarted it.ConclusionThe complexity of the relationship between widows and bereaved mothers after loss points to the importance of assessing their relationship close to the loss, as well as of direct intervention in the relationship, to prevent the development and escalation of conflicts between the women.ImplicationsSystemic professional intervention is suggested as a means for improving relations between widows and bereaved mothers.
Using lipidomics to reveal details of lipid accumulation in developing Siberian apricot (Prunus sibirica L.) seed kernels
Authors: Mai Yiting , Huo Kaisen , Yu Haiyan , Zhou Nan , Shui Lanya , Liu Yang , Zhang Chengxin , Niu Jun , Wang Libing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSiberian apricot seed kernel (SASK) contains a high of 50% oil with suitable fuel properties conformed to biodiesel standard. To date, Prunus sibirica is a novel non‐crop feedstock for biodiesel production in China. Here, oil contents and fatty acid (FA) compositions were identified in developing SASK from AS‐80 and AS‐84, at intervals of 1 week from 3 weeks after anthesis (WAA) to 9 weeks. The major differences in oil content between C18:1 and C18:2 levels were greater among the AS‐80 (32.69/15.48 g/100 g) than among the AS‐84 (25.78/13.15 g/100 g). Subsequently, the SASKs from 4, 6, and 8 WAA, respectively, representing early, middle, and late phases of oil accumulation, were selected as optimal samples for lipidomics analysis. It was notable that 18:1/18:1/18:2, 18:1/18:1/18:3, and 18:2/18:2/18:2 were the prominent compositions in triacylglycerol (TAG), and their higher content found among the AS‐80 was consistent with FA results. Although phosphatidic acid (PA) is directly connected with diacylglycerol (DAG) in Kennedy pathway, we found significant difference between PA and DAG compositions. The resulting molecular species differ in acyl composition depending on whether they were generated via phosphatidylcholine (PC) or Kennedy pathway. By qRT‐PCR analysis, the expression levels of FAD3, PDCT, and DAG‐CPT related to the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) showed a gradual decrease with SASK mature, explaining the drastic change of DAG‐18:3/18:3 content. Additionally, the lipidomics data coupled with qRT‐PCR analysis suggested that phospholipid:DAG acyltransferase may play a critical role in incorporation of PUFAs into sn‐3 of TAG. Our data contribute significantly to understand the underlying mechanisms of lipid accumulation in P. sibirica, and may also present strategies for engineering oil accumulation in oilseed plants.
Role of respirators in controlling the spread of novel coronavirus (COVID‐19) amongst dental healthcare providers: a review
Authors: Umer F. , Haji Z. , Zafar K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDuring the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic, healthcare professionals are at the forefront of managing the highly infectious coronavirus. As the most common route of transmission is via aerosols and droplet inhalation, it is critical for healthcare workers to have the correct personal protective equipment (PPE) including gowns, masks and goggles. Surgical masks are not effective in preventing the influenza and SARS, so they are unlikely to be able to resist contaminated aerosols from entering the respiratory system. Therefore, it is vital to use respirators which have been proven to offer better protection against droplets, aerosols and fluid penetration and which form a tight seal around the mouth and nose. Various types of respirators are used in healthcare settings, such as half‐mask filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) and powered air‐purifying respirators (PAPRs). The most commonly used FFR is the N95 disposable respirator, which is tight fitting and has a 95% or above particle filtering efficiency for a median particle size of 0.3 µm. This review discusses respirators, their purpose, types, clinical efficiency and proper donning and doffing techniques.
Impact of physical condition on disposal and end‐of‐life extension of clothing
Authors: Degenstein Lauren M. , McQueen Rachel H. , McNeill Lisa S. , Hamlin Robert P. , Wakes Sarah J. , Dunn Linda A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractClothing waste is an increasing global problem as “disposable” fashion items are consumed and discarded at rapid rates. Low‐quality fashion garments are easily damaged and thrown out due to the low initial investment and replacement cost of other items. Previous research has found physical damage to be a common reason for clothing disposal; however, the degree to which damage plays a role in disposal decisions has not been studied. Therefore, using a survey‐based, pre‐experimental design, this research examined the extent to which varying levels of garment physical damage influences consumer disposal decisions and garment life extension practices in Edmonton, Canada. Results indicated that damage severity plays a significant role in how respondents choose to dispose, or otherwise deal with, their unwanted clothing. Garment quality and type were also shown to predict disposal method and end‐of‐life extension strategies.
An overview of healthcare improvement: unpacking the complexity for clinicians and managers in a learning health system
Authors: Melder Angela , Robinson Tracy , McLoughlin Ian , Iedema Rick , Teede Helena 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGiven the pace of technological advancement and government mandates for healthcare and system transformation, there is an imperative for change. Health systems are highly complex in their design, networks and interacting components, and experience demonstrates that change is very challenging to enact, sustain and scale. Policy‐makers, academics and clinicians all need better insight into the nature of this complexity and an understanding of the evidence‐base that can support healthcare improvement (HCI), or quality improvement, interventions and make them more effective in driving change. The evidence base demonstrates the vital role of clinical engagement and leadership in HCI, and it is imperative that clinicians engage to improve front‐line healthcare. The literature on HCI is vast, applies different and inconsistent terminology and encompasses often loosely defined and overlapping concepts. An increasingly broad range of disciplines has contributed to the available evidence base, but often discipline‐specific perspectives frame these contributions. Available literature can also be overly driven by the generation of theoretical concepts and the advancement of academic understanding. It does not necessarily primarily provide focussed and pragmatic insights to guide and inform frontline practice. We aim to address these issues by summarising theories, frameworks, models and success factors for improvement in complex health systems to assist clinicians and others to engage and lead change. We integrate the field of HCI into the learning health system highlighting the key role of the clinician. We seek to inform stakeholders; clinicians and managers to guide the planning, enacting, sustaining and scaling of HCI.
Keyboarding Difficulties: Frequency and Characteristics among Higher Education Students with Handwriting Difficulties
Authors: Rosenberg‐Adler Tali , Weintraub Naomi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWord processing is often considered an alternative writing mode or test accommodation for students with specific learning disorders who have handwriting difficulties (HD). Therefore, it is important for researchers and educators to understand the difficulties these students may encounter while using this technology. We examined the frequency of keyboarding difficulties (KD; i.e., slow keyboarding) among higher education students with HD, and the underlying functions (language, fine‐motor, and attention) of these disabilities compared to students with only HD. Of the 50 students with HD, 24 percent were found to have KD. This group had significantly lower scores in phonological and orthographic skills, but not in fine‐motor and attention functions, compared to students with HD alone. These results support models suggesting that handwriting and keyboarding share linguistic processes. They also suggest that for students with lower linguistic functions, word processing via keyboarding may not be an effective writing mode, and that these students may require tailored accommodation.
Patisiran, an RNAi therapeutic for patients with hereditary transthyretin‐mediated amyloidosis: Sub‐analysis in Japanese patients from the APOLLO study
Authors: Yamashita Taro , Ueda Mitsuharu , Koike Haruki , Sekijima Yoshiki , Yoshinaga Tsuneaki , Kodaira Minori , Katsuno Masahisa , Sobue Gen , Zhang Xiaoping , White Matthew T. , Sweetser Marianne T. , Wang Jing Jing , Ando Yukio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundHereditary transthyretin‐mediated (hATTR) amyloidosis is a rapidly progressive and fatal disease. Patisiran is an RNA interference therapeutic that inhibits synthesis of disease‐causing mutant and wild‐type transthyretin (TTR) protein in hATTR amyloidosis.AimThe efficacy and safety of patisiran were evaluated in the Phase 3 APOLLO study in patients with hATTR amyloidosis with polyneuropathy.MethodsIn total, 225 patients from 19 countries, including Japan (n = 16), received patisiran 0.3 mg/kg intravenously or placebo once every 3 weeks for 18 months. Patisiran halted or improved outcomes of polyneuropathy (measured by modified Neuropathy Impairment Score +7 [mNIS+7]) and improved quality of life (QOL) (measured by Norfolk Quality of Life‐Diabetic Neuropathy questionnaire). Present analyses assess the efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetic exposure, and pharmacodynamic effect of patisiran in the Japanese sub‐population of APOLLO.ResultsConsistent with the overall APOLLO population, patisiran significantly improved outcomes of polyneuropathy (mNIS+7) compared with placebo at 18 months in the APOLLO Japanese patients. Patisiran treatment also demonstrated benefit in QOL, motor strength, gait speed, nutritional status, and autonomic symptoms compared with placebo at 18 months in the Japanese sub‐population. Patisiran was generally well tolerated in Japanese patients, with most adverse events mild or moderate; safety profile was similar to the overall APOLLO population, and no deaths were observed. Patisiran pharmacokinetic exposures and TTR reduction were comparable to the overall population.ConclusionsData in the Japanese sub‐population were consistent with those from the overall APOLLO population and indicate a notable health benefit for patisiran treatment in Japanese patients with hATTR amyloidosis with polyneuropathy.
Gait training for adults with cerebral palsy following harmonic modification in rhythmic auditory stimulation
Authors: Kim Soo Ji , Yoo Ga Eul , Shin Yoon‐Kyum , Cho Sung‐Rae 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the differences in gait outcomes of young adults with cerebral palsy (CP) following rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) with different types of cueing. A total of 13 ambulatory adults with CP were recruited. The participants were assigned to receive either RAS with simple chords or RAS with complex chords. Each participant received 30‐min individual sessions three times per week for 4 weeks. In the simple RAS group, basic chords were used for cueing. In the complex RAS group, the diversified chords were adopted from patients’ preferred music. At pre‐ and posttest, spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters and the range of motion (ROM) for each joint during a gait cycle were collected. After RAS, cadence, velocity, and stride length significantly increased, but no significant group effect was found. Meanwhile, regarding kinematic parameters, a significant interaction effect between time and group was observed with the angle of plantar flexion in the preswing phase and ROM in the ankle. The complex RAS group showed increased maximal ankle plantar flexion in the preswing phase. These results demonstrated that the primary agent for gait control is rhythm, while perception of music facilitates patient engagement in walking differently depending on the level of musical elements.
Unlocking the intraspecific aquaculture potential from the wild biodiversity to facilitate aquaculture development
Authors: Toomey Lola , Fontaine Pascal , Lecocq Thomas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDomestication of new candidate species remains a long and difficult process often resulting in unfruitful attempts. Early steps in most domestication programmes often consider species as a unity, disregarding a part of the biodiversity: the wild intraspecific geographic differentiation. Yet, this differentiation can shape local specificities, which could lead to different domestication predisposition or socio‐economic attractiveness between populations. Therefore, considering this population‐specific potential could facilitate domestication and subsequent production of new candidate species. Here, we propose a three‐step integrative approach to standardise and facilitate new domestication attempts by taking advantage of wild geographic differentiation. Step 1 consists of classifying the wild biodiversity to identify prospective units (i.e. groups of differentiated allopatric populations). Step 2 allows comparing performances of these units in standardised conditions (i.e. rearing system) through a multifunction and multi‐trait assessment. Finally, step 3 highlights units with higher aquaculture potentials through the calculation of an aquaculture potential score. This approach, here applied to fish culture for human consumption, also aims at being extended to other taxa (e.g. crustaceans, molluscs) and other production goals.
Halo and association effects: Cognitive biases in teacher attunement to peer‐nominated bullies, victims, and prosocial students
Authors: Marucci Eleonora , Oldenburg Beau , Barrera Davide , Cillessen Antonius H. N. , Hendrickx Marloes , Veenstra René 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study examined whether teachers’ perceptions of students’ behavior (referring to halo effects) and the behavior of teacher‐perceived friends (referring to association effects) influenced teachers’ ability to recognize students identified as bullies, victims, and prosocial by their peers. Data came from 1,458 children (Mage = 10.5, 47.5% girls) and 56 teachers (Mage = 40.8, 66.1% females). Perceived likeability was associated with decreased odds and teachers’ perceptions of popularity and externalizing behavior were associated with increased odds for teacher attunement to bullying. Perceived likeability and affiliation were associated with decreased odds for teacher attunement to victimized students. Teachers’ perceptions of externalizing behavior were associated with decreased odds, whereas teachers’ perceptions of affiliation and academic competence were associated with increased odds for attunement to prosociality. Finally, a positive association was found between teacher attunement and the average behavior of teacher‐perceived friends for bullying, victimization, and prosociality.
Prospective evaluation of platelet refractoriness in haematological patients in a single Brazilian institution
Authors: Bub Carolina Bonet , Gonçalez Ana Cláudia , Barjas‐Castro Maria Lourdes , Castro Vagner 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionPlatelet refractoriness (PR) is a frequent complication in multitransfused patients, due to non‐immune and immune factors. Brazilian population has a distinct ethnical background, and few data are available of PR. This study aimed to evaluate clinical and laboratory features of haematological patients with suspected PR from a Brazilian regional reference centre.Material and methodsHaematological patients (pts) with clinical suspected PR were included from February 2007 to 2014. Platelet Abs and anti‐HLAAbs identification, HPA and HLA genotyping performed. Clinical information obtained from medical records.ResultsTotal of 624 patients were evaluated, and incidence of PR observed was 7%. Among 93 patients with clinical suspicion of PR, 45·2% had PR confirmed. HLA antibodies were present in 80·9% among PRpts in 60·6% of non‐PRpts (no significant difference). Immune PR(IPR) isolated was identified in 11·9% of the PR patients and in association with non‐immune causes in 69·05%. Isolated non‐immune PR (NIPR) was present in 19·1% of cases. IPR patients had higher HPA‐Abs frequency compared to I+NIPR group (P = 0·026), with similar HLA Ab frequency (100%) in both groups.DiscussionIncidence of 7% found is within the range(75%–34%) described by literature. Non‐immune factors such as fever and antibiotics were main cause found present in more than 80% of cases and immune causes were mainly associated with HLA antibodies as expected. Interestingly, no anti‐HPA‐1a antibodies were identified, the most common specificity described in other populations. However, anti‐HPA‐5b and anti‐HPA‐3b antibodies were detected. This finding suggests that possible unidentified factors would lead to a distinct pattern of platelet alloimmunization as previously described for fetal‐neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenic purpura in Brazil.
A clinician's guide to making a diagnosis of atopic dermatitis in dogs
Authors: Barnard Natalie 
Published: May 2020

Background: The pruritic dog is a common, non‐specific clinical presentation seen in general practice that can have many different causes. A diagnosis of atopic dermatitis can only be made by excluding all other causes of pruritus. The diagnostic pathway is a process clients often find frustrating because it is lengthy and requires a lot of commitment on their part with regards to time and money. Atopic dermatitis is a disease which can be controlled but not cured, so it is vital to have the correct diagnosis before starting the patient on a lifelong treatment regime.Aim of the article: This article, the first in a three‐part series on atopic dermatitis, discusses the diagnostic steps that need to be taken to reach a diagnosis of atopic dermatitis. Parts 2 and 3, to be published in future issues of In Practice, will cover management of atopic dermatitis and how to use in‐house dermatological tests.
Evaluation of SfM for surface characterization of a snow-covered glacier through comparison with aerial lidar
Authors: Bash Eleanor A. , Moorman Brian J. , Menounos Brian , Gunther Allison 
Published: May 2020

The combined use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and structure-from-motion (SfM) is rapidly growing as a cost-effective alternative to airborne laser scanning (lidar) for reconstructing glacier surfaces. Here we present a thorough analysis of the precision and accuracy of a photogrammetric point cloud (PPC) constructed through SfM from UAV-acquired imagery over the spring snow surface at Haig Glacier, Alberta, Canada, the first of its kind in a glaciological setting. An aerial lidar survey conducted concurrently with UAV surveys was used to examine spatial patterns in the PPC accuracy. We found a median error in the PPC of −0.046 ± 0.067 m, with a 95% quantile of 0.218 m. Mean precision of the PPC was 0.199 m, with large spatially clustered outliers. We found an association between high-error, low-precision, and high-surface roughness in the PPC, likely due to illumination characteristics of the snow surface. Glacier surface reconstructions are important for geodetic mass balance measurements, giving key insights into changing climate where in situ measurements are difficult to obtain. The PPC errors are small enough that they would have minimal effects on total mass balance, should the technique be applied across the glacier.