bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital forms of describing Industry 4.0 objects
Authors: Zakoldaev D A , Korobeynikov A G , Shukalov A V , Zharinov I O 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The task is to project item digital model which is planned to be manufactured in cyber and physical production of the Industry 4.0. Item digital model can be classified as item digital replica, item digital shadow and item digital twin. Item digital model is a set of construction, program and technological documentation prepared electronically with automatic system of projection. Item digital shadow is a set of item digital replica documentation enhanced with mathematical equations with restrictions to describe physical and chemical properties of the item materials and its components. Details to describe the item digital shadow are defined with types of tests done with modelling and virtualization. Item digital twin is a finished form of item properties description done electronically (drawings, schemes, formulas and other) and successful physical tests of the whole cycle. The scheme is given for the item life cycle of the item designing item digital model. The scheme of production section and Industry 4.0 smart factory virtual environment components is described oriented to manufacture the items by its digital models.
Information and telecommunication system of digital factory and smart factory Industry 4.0
Authors: Zakoldaev D A , Shukalov A V , Zharinov I O , Zharinov O O 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The task is to create information and telecommunication system of digital and smart factories of Industry4.0. Components are defined for information and telecommunication system, their properties and purpose are described. The scheme of digital factory information and telecommunication system is given. This scheme includes the physical equipment (machines) and virtual machines (cloud services and models) to support project activity of the designer. The scheme of smart factory information and telecommunication system is given. The scheme unites the cyber and physical production equipment and test equipment used for manufacturing on the basis of digital informative technologies. The given schemes are important in practice to organize the informative exchange among cyber and physical systems and designers of the project companies and operators of production companies to manufacture and transfer into exploitation the items of instrument-making, tool engineering, and mechanical engineering.
Neural network solution of the direct kinematics problem for a hexapod with ball-screw drives of legs
Authors: Zhukov Yu A , Korotkov E B , Zhukova V V , Abramov A M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This research is a part of the work implemented by BSTU “VOENMEH” under the financial support of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation for design and development of a precision mechanism with the parallel kinematics called “Hexapod”. The object of research is the mechanism, in which the control of leg lengths is implemented by linear drives with ball-screw gears. The article proposes the solution of the extended inverse kinematics of the hexapod. The neural networks solution of the forward kinematics of hexapod is presented, i.e. the calculation of the position and orientation of the moving platform for given rotation angles of the ball-screw drives. The results of the synthesis of neural networks to achieve a given accuracy of solving the forward kinematics are presented. An estimate of the implementation of kinematic problems in the hexapod control system based on an ARM microprocessor is obtained.
Development of a Parallel Hydraulic Hybrid Loader Through Modelling
Authors: Yang Jixiang , Bian Yongming , Liu Guangjun , Ji Pengcheng , Chen Qifan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
With the aggravation of the energy crisis, people pay more and more attention to the rational utilization of energy. Thus the construction machinery field has started to take hybrid technology into consideration to save the energy. This paper analyses the working condition of a 5 tons loader and develops the hydraulic parallel hybrid scheme which has little research in the loader field. The system adopts a dynamic rule-based control strategy, which takes the required torque and the SOC value of the accumulator as the input to realize the output torque of the engine and the pump/motor. A power-train model is also developed in the paper. The results show the scheme can reduce the fuel consumption by 13.5% compared to the conventional loaders.
Study on the Mechanism of Static Comparison between Vibrating String Strain Gauge and Fiber Grating Strain Gauge for Bridge Structure Monitoring
Authors: Peng Lu , Jing Genqiang , Luo Zhu , Wang Yixu , Lin Zhidan , Miao Na 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The key component commonly used in strain monitoring is the strain sensor (strain gauge), which is usually embedded inside the measured object or installed on its surface to monitor the changes of corresponding variables for a long time. Therefore, the reliability, accuracy, consistency and stability of the strain sensor are important guarantees for the accurate measurement of strain. In order to monitor bridge changes more accurately, two strain sensors with a wide range of applications (i.e. vibration string strain sensor and fiber grating strain sensor) were selected for comparative analysis of the calibration model in the laboratory. We’ll use national standard of 6061 aluminum alloy cylindrical bar and fix two strain sensors separately in the symmetric position. In order to eliminate the detection error caused by the current sensor detection when the metering clamping device and the strain sensor are under stress, 0-100kn compression test was conducted on the bar by using the superposition force standard machine. The device collects data of the two sensors, conducts data regression analysis, obtains the new model and hence conducts data analysis and comparison. The results show that the accuracy of the model is much higher than that of the strain sensor. The results of this study provide technical support for the development of real-time bridge detection technology and the realization of rapid calibration and detection of strain monitoring sensors used in the transportation industry before installation.
Aerodynamic Performance of Variable-Pitch Propellers for High-Altitude UAVs
Authors: Xu Jianhua , Song Wenping , Yang Xudong , Nie Han 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
As the air density changes dramatically from high to low altitude, the matching of high-altitude propeller and electric motor under low-altitude condition is one of the main challenges that aerodynamic design of high-altitude propeller faces. To solve this problem, variable-pitch propeller is the most commonly used and feasible solution. In this paper, the Reynolds-average Navier-Stokes solver and an efficient surrogate-based optimization toolbox are used for the aerodynamic design of a fixed-pitch propeller. Based on the optimal fixed-pitch propeller, a series of pitch angle are employed to obtain the variable-pitch propeller with maximum thrust. Then, the aerodynamic characteristics of fixed-pitch propeller and variable-pitch propeller under typical working conditions are studied and compared. The results show that under the condition of low-altitude and low wind speed, the fixed-pitch propeller reaches the rated torque of the electric motor at a lower rotational speed, resulting in a lower shaft power and thrust. By adjusting the pitch angle, the variable-pitch propeller can achieve higher rotational speed under the same rated torque constraints, thereby absorbing more shaft power and achieving larger thrust. The lower the altitude, the more obvious the advantage of the variable-pitch propeller. Compared with fixed-pitch propeller, the maximum relative increment of the maximum thrust can reach more than 80% for variable-pitch propeller. It is concluded that variable-pitch propeller can significantly improve the matching of propeller and electric motor, bringing wider flight envelope of UAVs.
A Bi-Gaussian Acoustic Emission Model for Sliding Friction
Authors: Yin Yuan , Hu Songtao , Huang Weifeng , Liu Xiangfeng , Liu Ying , Wang Zixi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Acoustic emissions (AEs) generated by the sliding friction has been an effective media for analyzing the tribological interaction between surfaces. The existing AE model has revealed the relationship between the AEs generated by sliding friction and the surface parameters from a single-stratum Gaussian surface perspective, but researches have confirmed that two-process or worn surfaces show bi-Gaussian stratified characteristics. A bi-Gaussian AE model was established through analyzing the elastic deformation energy of the contacting asperities on the faces, which were represented using the bi-Gaussian stratified theory. Two numerically generated surfaces and four real worn surfaces were employed for analysis. The bi-Gaussian AE model and the existing Gaussian AE model, along with the deterministic AE model as the reference, were respectively applied to the surfaces to obtain the AE power variation with separation. The results show that the bi-Gaussian model has good accuracy for all the surfaces involved, exhibiting better stability than the Gaussian model, because the bi-Gaussian model better reflects the real contact status of the surfaces.
Experimental research of the electromechanical steering system
Authors: Tumasov A V , Tyugin D Yu , Beresnev P O , Porubov D M , Filatov V I 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The development of advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) is a global trend. One of the types of ADAS are systems that control the movement of a vehicle in a lane, preventing unintended departure from the lane. When implementing the lane keeping assist system, one of the most important functions is the implementation of external steering control. This article presents tests of the electromechanical steering system with the possibility of external control. Conducted experimental research of the developed system. Based on the test results, conclusions were made on the system’s compliance with the requirements of GOST 31507-2012, and recommendations were given on the applicability to vehicles of the GAZ Group, in particular, the lane keeping assist system.
Hardware implementation of the monitoring system and control units of the robotic vehicle "Modular controller"
Authors: Kolobov M.A. , Bushmanov D.V. , Okunev A.V. , Kocherov A.V. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The modular controller is designed for complex automation of vehicles and provides a universal interface for the integration of devices for various purposes. In the basic kit, three modules represent the modular controller: discrete inputs, DC motor control and an ultrasonic sensor controller. All modules have two types of interfaces designed to build a network: CAN (Controller Area Network) and Ethernet. This allows to successfully integrate various equipment. The paper describes the experience of designing modules of a distributed system for operation in an industrial environment. The requirements of industrial standards in the field of electromagnetic compatibility, climatic design and mechanical stability are taken into account.
The consideration of road longitudinal slopes in automobile fuel consumption rationing
Authors: Borisov G.V. , Kuzmin N.A. , Molev J.I. , Mavleev I.R. , Salakhov I.I. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Nowadays the consideration of longitudinal slope when rationing automobile fuel consumption is hardly taken into account, and it is received just impliedly when paying attention to the area relief. Along with this, the influence of slopes of flat and slightly hilly terrain on fuel consumption is not taken into consideration at all. This article presents an easy calculation approach to the consideration of the quantitative effects of road slope angels (rise and descent) on the final fuel consumption of a vehicle on real routes. The notion of a reduced slope angle is inroduced,a substantial increase of fuel consumption on descents in comparison with rises is ascertained.
Precisely defined fiber scaffolds with 40 μm porosity induce elongation driven M2-like polarization of human macrophages
Authors: Tylek Tina , Blum Carina , Hrynevich Andrei , Schlegelmilch Katrin , Schilling Tatjana , Dalton Paul D , Groll Jürgen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Macrophages are key players of the innate immune system that can roughly be divided into the pro-inflammatory M1 type and the anti-inflammatory, pro-healing M2 type. While a transient initial pro-inflammatory state is helpful, a prolonged inflammation deteriorates a proper healing and subsequent regeneration. One promising strategy to drive macrophage polarization by biomaterials is precise control over biomaterial geometry. For regenerative approaches, it is of particular interest to identify geometrical parameters that direct human macrophage polarization. For this purpose, we advanced melt electrowriting (MEW) towards the fabrication of fibrous scaffolds with box-shaped pores and precise inter-fiber spacing from 100 μm down to only 40 μm. These scaffolds facilitate primary human macrophage elongation accompanied by differentiation towards the M2 type, which was most pronounced for the smallest pore size of 40 μm. These new findings can be important in helping to design new biomaterials with an enhanced positive impact on tissue regeneration.
Hydrothermal synthesis of SnS2/MoS2 Nanospheres for enhanced adsorption capacity of organic dyes
Authors: Cui Bowen , Wang Yihui , Zhang Fan , Xiao Xin , Su Ziqin , Dai Xincheng , Zhang Hao , Huang Shan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The SnS2/MoS2 nanospheres (NPs) were prepared by a facile hydrothermal route, and microstructure and morphology were investigated by SEM, TEM, XRD and BET. The SnS2/MoS2 NPs exhibited the excellent adsorption properties for organic dyes, and the maximum adsorption capacity of SnS2/MoS2 to Rhodamine B (RhB) is 125 mg g−1 at room temperature. The adsorption process is well fit by the pseudo-second-order adsorption model and Langmuir isotherm model. Moreover, SnS2/MoS2 NPs has outstanding adsorption capacity for both cations and anions organic dyes, and the maximum adsorption capacity for methylene blue (MB), crystal violet (CV) and malachite green (MG) were 202, 165 and 175 mg g−1 respectively. It is attribute to the high specific surface area (101.06 m2 g−1) and small mesopores (3.23 nm) provide numerous adsorption active sites for adsorption of organic dyes. The reusability experiment demonstrated the SnS2/MnS2 NPs could be reused for 5 times. The result show that the SnS2/MoS2 NPs is a potential adsorbent for removal of organic dyes from wastewater.
Efficient CO2 adsorption using mesoporous carbons from biowastes
Authors: Sriram Ganesan , S Supriya , Kurkuri Mahaveer , Hegde Gurumurthy 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The mesoporous carbon nanomaterials obtained from waste onion peels confirmed the formation of mesoporous carbon nanospheres (CNSs) with an average pore diameter of 2 nm. The as obtained CNSs were studied to demonstrate their ability to adsorb the greenhouse gas CO2 at different temperatures, 30, 40 and 50 °C. The results showed that the CNSs have high potential to adsorb CO2 at these temperatures. Present work demonstrates the formation of sustainable, porous adsorbents by a simple waste to wealth based approach that is effective for the adsorption of CO2.
Thermal plasma synthesis and electrochemical properties of high-voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 nanoparticles
Authors: Sone Hirotaka , Yoshida Shuhei , Tanaka Manabu , Watanabe Takayuki 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The synthesis of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 has been reported to change the crystal structure with the oxygen partial pressure and affect the battery characteristics. LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 involves the formation of impurities, such as LixNi1−xO, LixMn3−xO4, and Li2CO3, at a high temperature range exceeding 700 °C because oxygen loss occurs during synthesis. LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 electrochemically contains Mn4+, however, Mn3+ is formed because of oxygen deficiency. The Li–Ni–Mn-oxide causes a disproportionation of Mn3+ in an oxygen-deficient state. The synthesized Li–Ni–Mn-oxide nanoparticles at 10,000 K by induction thermal plasma formed spinel-type LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (space group Fd3m) of Mn4+. The crystal structure of the cubic-spinel nanoparticles approached a LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 single phase as the flow rate of O2 increased from 2.5 to 5 l min−1. The formation of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 was shown to be accelerated by increasing the O2 gas flow rate. The measured current–voltage characteristics of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 nanoparticles appeared at around 4.7–4.8 V as the reaction peak of Ni2+/Ni3+ and Ni3+/Ni4+. In contrast, the Mn of the Li–Ni–Mn-oxide nanoparticles synthesized in the oxygen-deficient state was less than trivalent, which caused disproportionation of Mn. The measured current-voltage characteristics showed peak of an oxygen desorption at near 4.6 V. This study investigated the factors affecting the crystal structure formation and electrochemical properties of high-voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 nanoparticles formed in thermal plasma.
Traditional Mexican Dish Is Associated With More Than One Skipper Species (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Megathiminae, Aegialini)
Authors: Jaimes-Rodríguez Ibeth , González-Hernández Héctor , Llanderal-Cázares Celina , Rodríguez-Ortega Alejandro , Guzmán-Franco Ariel W 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe white maguey worm, Aegiale hesperiaris (Walker, 1856), is a gastronomic delicacy in Mexico, with high economic value. Aegiale hesperiaris is generally associated with the plant Agave salmiana Otto ex Salm-Dyck (Asparagales: Asparagaceae). However, lack of information about Ae. hesperiaris means that it is often confused with morphologically similar species such as Agathymus remingtoni D. Stallings & Thurner (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae), a species generally found on Agave lechuguilla Torrey (Asparagales: Asparagaceae). Harvestings are made from all Agave L. (Asparagales: Asparagaceae) species on the assumption that all larvae will be Ae. hesperiaris. This has led to the belief that Ae. hesperiaris may have extended its diet breadth range and is actually infesting other Agave species. We collected larvae from A. lechuguilla and A. salmiana plants, in Hidalgo state, Mexico, and incubated them at 26°C, 50% RH and 12:12 light regime until adult emergence; adults were examined using morphological (male genitalia and wing patterns) and molecular techniques (partial COI sequences) to provide the data necessary for accurate species identification and allocation to host plant. Both species were successfully separated and identified as Ae. herperiaris feeding on A. salmiana and Ag. remingtoni feeding on A. lechuguilla, and a detailed description of the larval developmental stages and feeding behavior described. These results will facilitate the accurate identification of these two species in future studies.
Vegetation cover induces developmental plasticity of lateralization in tadpoles
Authors: Lucon-Xiccato Tyrone , Dadda Marco , Bisazza Angelo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Lateralization of cognitive functions influences a large number of fitness-related behaviors and shows, in most species, substantial variation in strength and direction. Laboratory works and field data have suggested that this variation is often due to adaptive phenotypic plasticity. Strong lateralization should be favored in some ecological conditions, for example, under high risk of predation. For anuran tadpoles, the presence of cover affects predation risk, with tadpoles being more exposed to predators in environments with reduced cover. We tested the hypothesis that the amount of cover experienced early in life affects lateralization in the edible frog, Pelophylax esculentus, tadpoles. We exposed embryos and larvae to high or low vegetation cover environments. For half of the subjects, the treatment was constant whereas the remaining subjects were switched to the opposite treatment after hatching. In agreement with the theoretical expectation, tadpoles exposed to low vegetation cover for the entire development were more lateralized and showed a stronger alignment in directionality of lateralization compared with tadpoles exposed to high vegetation cover. This indicates a possible role of natural variation in vegetation abundance and developmental plasticity as determinants of between-population and between-individual differences in lateralization. We also found that shifting from high to low vegetation cover treatments and vice versa disrupted lateralization alignment, suggesting that developmental trajectories for this trait are determined at the embryonic stage and need environmental stability to be fully expressed.
Combination of empagliflozin and linagliptin improves blood pressure and vascular function in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Jung Susanne , Bosch Agnes , Kannenkeril Dennis , Karg Marina V , Striepe Kristina , Bramlage Peter , Ott Christian , Schmieder Roland E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Aims
Preserved vascular function represents a key prognostic factor in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but data on vascular parameters in this patient cohort are scarce. Patients with T2DM often need more than one drug to achieve optimal glucose control. The aim of this study was to analyse the efficacy of two combination therapies on vascular function in subjects with T2DM.

Methods and results
This prospective, randomized study included 97 subjects with T2DM. Subjects were randomized to either the combination therapy empagliflozin (E) 10 mg with linagliptin (L) 5 mg once daily or metformin (M) 850 or 1000 mg twice daily with insulin glargine (I) once daily. At baseline and after 12 weeks, subjects had peripheral office and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (BP) measurement and underwent vascular assessment by pulse wave analysis under office and ambulatory conditions. Office, 24-h ambulatory and central BP as well as pulse pressure (PP) decreased after 12 weeks of treatment with E + L, whereas no change was observed in M + I. There were greater decreases in 24-h ambulatory peripheral systolic (between-group difference: −5.2 ± 1.5 mmHg, P = 0.004), diastolic BP (−1.9 ± 1.0 mmHg, P = 0.036), and PP (−3.3 ± 1.0 mmHg, P = 0.007) in E + L than M + I. Central office systolic BP (−5.56 ± 1.9 mmHg, P = 0.009), forward pressure height of the pulse wave (−2.0 ± 0.9 mmHg, P = 0.028), 24-h ambulatory central systolic (−3.6 ± 1.4 mmHg, P = 0.045), diastolic BP (−1.95 ± 1.1 mmHg, P = 0.041), and 24-h pulse wave velocity (−0.14 ± 0.05m/s, P = 0.043) were reduced to a greater extent with E + L.

Conclusion
Beyond the effects on glycaemic control, the combination therapy of E + L significantly improved central BP and vascular function compared with the classic combination of M + I.

ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02752113.