bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hollow Spheres Consisting of SnS Nanosheets Conformally Coated with S‐Doped Carbon for Advanced Lithium‐/Sodium‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Guo Weiyuan , Ding Kang , Mei Shixiong , Li Xingxing , Feng Xiaoyu , Guo Siguang , Fu Jijiang , Zhang Xuming , Gao Biao , Huo Kaifu , Chu Paul K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlthough tin sulfide is a promising anode material for lithium‐ and sodium‐ion batteries due to the layered structure and high theoretical capacity, the large volume expansion and poor kinetics have seriously hindered further development and application. In this work, hollow spheres consisting of in situ generated SnS nanosheets (SnS@C HSs) conformally coated with S‐doped carbon are fabricated using polystyrene spheres as the self‐sacrifice template and carbon source. The SnS@C HSs with a large SnS interlayer distance, S‐doped carbon matrix, and hollow structure not only relieve the pressure caused by volume expansion during cycling, but also promote fast transfer of lithium/sodium ions leading to a high pseudocapacitance. The SnS@C HSs have excellent electrochemical properties in both LIBs and SIBs such as high capacity, high rate, and outstanding cycling stability. The use of a self‐sacrifice template is demonstrated to be a convenient and efficient strategy to design and prepare carbon‐coated metal hollow spheres for efficient energy storage and conversion.
Direct Asymmetric Hydrogenation and Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Aryl Ketones Catalyzed by an Iridium‐NHC Exhibiting High Enantio‐ and Diastereoselectivity
Authors: Ayya Swamy P Chinna , Varenikov Andrii , de Ruiter Graham 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA chiral iridium carbene‐oxazoline catalyst is reported that is able to directly and efficiently hydrogenate a wide variety of ketones in excellent yields and good enantioselectivity (up to 93 % ee). Moreover, when using racemic α‐substituted ketones, excellent diastereoselectivities were obtained (dr 99:1) by dynamic kinetic resolution of the in situ formed enolate. Overall, the herein described hydrogenation occurs under ambient conditions using low hydrogen pressures, providing a direct and atom efficient method towards chiral secondary alcohols.
Simultaneous Spin‐Crossover Transition and Conductivity Switching in a Dinuclear Iron(II) Coordination Compound Based on 7,7′,8,8′‐Tetracyano‐p‐quinodimethane
Authors: Ishikawa Ryuta , Ueno Shuya , Nifuku Shoei , Horii Yoji , Iguchi Hiroaki , Miyazaki Yuji , Nakano Motohiro , Hayami Shinya , Kumagai Shohei , Katoh Keiichi , Li Zhao‐Yang , Yamashita Masahiro , Kawata Satoshi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Ryuta Ishikawa and Satoshi Kawata at Fukuoka University and co‐workers at Osaka University, Tohoku University, and Kumamoto University, Japan, collaborating within the research project “SOFT CRYSTALS”. The image depicts the thermally induced simultaneous switching of magnetism and electrical conductivity in a two‐dimensional supramolecular architecture composed of dinuclear FeII spin‐crossover complexes and partially charged 7,7′,8,8′‐tetracyano‐p‐quinodimethanide radicals. 10.1002/chem.201903934.
Hydrogen Isotope Exchange Catalyzed by Ru Nanocatalysts: Labelling of Complex Molecules Containing N‐Heterocycles and Reaction Mechanism Insights
Authors: Pfeifer Viktor , Certiat Marie , Bouzouita Donia , Palazzolo Alberto , Garcia‐Argote Sébastien , Marcon Elodie , Buisson David‐Alexandre , Lesot Philippe , Maron Laurent , Chaudret Bruno , Tricard Simon , del Rosal Iker , Poteau Romuald , Feuillastre Sophie , Pieters Grégory 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRuthenium nanocatalysis can provide effective deuteration and tritiation of oxazole, imidazole, triazole and carbazole substructures in complex molecules using D2 or T2 gas as isotopic sources. Depending on the substructure considered, this approach does not only represent a significant step forward in practice, with notably higher isotope uptakes, a broader substrate scope and a higher solvent applicability compared to existing procedures, but also the unique way to label important heterocycles using hydrogen isotope exchange. In terms of applications, the high incorporation of deuterium atoms, allows the synthesis of internal standards for LC‐MS quantification. Moreover, the efficacy of the catalyst permits, even under subatmospheric pressure of T2 gas, the preparation of complex radiolabeled drugs owning high molar activities. From a fundamental point of view, a detailed DFT‐based mechanistic study identifying undisclosed key intermediates, allowed a deeper understanding of C−H (and N−H) activation processes occurring at the surface of metallic nanoclusters.
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement over age 90: Risks vs benefits
Authors: Galatas Christos , Afilalo Jonathan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAs the population ages, clinicians will encounter a growing number of nonagenarians suffering from severe aortic stenosis who may be candidates for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). By virtue of a healthy survivor effect or a referral bias, these patients may paradoxically have greater resilience and fewer comorbidities than their octogenarian counterparts. They tend to, on average, tolerate the TAVR procedure quite well with low in‐hospital and 1‐year mortality rates of 5.5% and 23%, respectively. Appropriate patient selection should consider individualized estimates of procedural risk, potential for functional recovery and for improved quantity and quality of life. Frailty is much more revealing than chronological age, and it can be measured by brief tools such as the Essential Frailty Toolset. Ultimately, the process of shared decision‐making is paramount to ensure that the course of action is patient‐centered and balances the procedure's expected risks and benefits with the nonagenarian's preferences and values.
Causes of death after breast cancer diagnosis: A US population‐based analysis
Authors: Afifi Ahmed M. , Saad Anas M. , Al‐Husseini Muneer J. , Elmehrath Ahmed Osama , Northfelt Donald W. , Sonbol Mohamad Bassam 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundThe focus on noncancer causes of death in patients with breast cancer (BC) remains superficial. The objective of the current study was to assess and quantify causes of death after BC diagnosis.MethodsIn total, 754,270 women with BC in the United States who were diagnosed during 2000 through 2015 and retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program were studied. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for causes of death were calculated.ResultsOf the included patients, 183,002 (24.3%) died during the follow‐up period. The greatest proportion of deaths (46.2%) occurred within 1 to 5 years after diagnosis. Most deaths occurred from BC itself or from other cancers, and the number of BC deaths decreased as more years passed after diagnosis. The most common noncancer causes of death within <10 years after diagnosis were heart diseases followed by cerebrovascular diseases. However, >10 years after diagnosis, the most common noncancer causes of death were heart diseases followed by Alzheimer disease. Patients had a statistically significant higher risk of death from chronic liver diseases within 5 to 10 years after diagnosis compared with the general population (SMR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.09‐1.38) and had statistically significant higher risks of death from Alzheimer disease (SMR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.14‐1.29) and from diseases of the heart (SMR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02‐1.09) >10 years after diagnosis.ConclusionsAlthough BC remains the most common cause of death after BC diagnosis, other non‐BC causes of death (mainly heart and cerebrovascular diseases) represent a significant number of deaths among patients with BC. These findings provide important insight into how BC survivors should be counselled regarding future health risks.
Can linguistic analysis be used to identify whether adolescents with a chronic illness are depressed?
Authors: Jones Lauren Stephanie , Anderson Emma , Loades Maria , Barnes Rebecca , Crawley Esther 
Published: December 2019

AbstractComorbid depression is common in adolescents with chronic illness. We aimed to design and test a linguistic coding scheme for identifying depression in adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME), by exploring features of e‐consultations within online cognitive behavioural therapy treatment. E‐consultations of 16 adolescents (aged 11–17) receiving FITNET‐NHS (Fatigue in teenagers on the interNET in the National Health Service) treatment in a national randomized controlled trial were examined. A theoretically driven linguistic coding scheme was developed and used to categorize comorbid depression in e‐consultations using computerized content analysis. Linguistic coding scheme categorization was subsequently compared with classification of depression using the Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale published cut‐offs (t‐scores ≥65, ≥70). Extra linguistic elements identified deductively and inductively were compared with self‐reported depressive symptoms after unblinding. The linguistic coding scheme categorized three (19%) of our sample consistently with self‐report assessment. Of all 12 identified linguistic features, differences in language use by categorization of self‐report assessment were found for “past focus” words (mean rank frequencies: 1.50 for no depression, 5.50 for possible depression, and 10.70 for probable depression; p < .05) and “discrepancy” words (mean rank frequencies: 16.00 for no depression, 11.20 for possible depression, and 6.40 for probable depression; p < .05). The linguistic coding profile developed as a potential tool to support clinicians in identifying comorbid depression in e‐consultations showed poor value in this sample of adolescents with CFS/ME. Some promising linguistic features were identified, warranting further research with larger samples.
Diagnostic utility of urine cytology in detection of decoy cells in renal transplant patients: Report of five cases and review of literature
Authors: Tummidi Santosh , Kothari Kanchan , Agnihotri Mona , Naik Leena , Rojekar Amey 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBK polyoma virus (PV) is one of the commonest post‐transplant viral infections, affecting approximately 15% of renal transplantation recipients, leading to graft failure in more than half of cases. The epithelial cells with polyoma viral inclusions in urine cytology specimens are termed “decoy cells” to caution pathologists not to misdiagnose these cells as cancer cells. The infected cells in urinary sediments are characterized by enlarged nucleus, basophilic intranuclear homogenous inclusions, and ground glass chromatin, which may cause diagnostic error in urine cytology. We report five cases of renal transplant patients, in which urine sample was positive for decoy cells. Routine urine cytology of post renal transplant patients with worsening renal function is a useful screening procedure to rule out PV reactivation, before ascertaining transplant rejection. Its cost‐effectiveness in addition to the short processing time makes it an invaluable tool in the evaluation of transplant recipients with symptoms suggestive of graft rejection.
Analysis of illicit glucocorticoid levels in camel hair using competitive ELISA – Comparison with LC–MS/MS
Authors: Ashraf S. Salman , El‐Gahany Wesam , Alraeesi Ayisha , Al‐Hajj Latifa , Al‐Maidalli Ayisha , Shah Iltaf 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAccurate, sensitive, and rapid screening of performance‐enhancing drugs, including glucocorticoids, is critical to combat doping in animal racing sports. Samples of urine, saliva, and serum are usually used for random screening of controlled substances; however, they tend to provide only acute usage and doping information. Hair testing has the potential to detect long‐term drug use in racing animals. In the present study, commercially available ELISA‐kits were used to rapidly screen and analyze various natural and synthetic glucocorticoids in the hair of camels. The four glucocorticoids that were screened using the competitive ELISA were hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, flumethasone, and methylprednisolone. However, comparison of the results obtained using the ELISA method with our previously published LC–MS/MS assay did not show a good correlation. The results obtained with the ELISA analysis of hair samples of 27 different camels showed that this technique consistently yielded significantly higher levels of glucocorticoids compared with the LC–MS/MS assay. This is an interesting finding and suggests that commercially available ELISA tests may overestimate the amount of glucocorticoids present in camel hair, perhaps due to specificity and cross‐reactivity issues.
Changes in water color shift competition between phytoplankton species with contrasting light‐harvesting strategies
Authors: Luimstra Veerle M. , Verspagen Jolanda M. H. , Xu Tianshuo , Schuurmans J. Merijn , Huisman Jef 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe color of many lakes and seas is changing, which is likely to affect the species composition of freshwater and marine phytoplankton communities. For example, cyanobacteria with phycobilisomes as light‐harvesting antennae can effectively utilize green or orange‐red light. However, recent studies show that they use blue light much less efficiently than phytoplankton species with chlorophyll‐based light‐harvesting complexes, even though both phytoplankton groups may absorb blue light to a similar extent. Can we advance ecological theory to predict how these differences in light‐harvesting strategy affect competition between phytoplankton species? Here, we develop a new resource competition model in which the absorption and utilization efficiency of different colors of light are varied independently. The model was parameterized using monoculture experiments with a freshwater cyanobacterium and green alga, as representatives of phytoplankton with phycobilisome‐based vs. chlorophyll‐based light‐harvesting antennae. The parameterized model was subsequently tested in a series of competition experiments. In agreement with the model predictions, the green alga won the competition in blue light whereas the cyanobacterium won in red light, irrespective of the initial relative abundances of the species. These results are in line with observed changes in phytoplankton community structure in response to lake brownification. Similarly, in marine waters, the model predicts dominance of Prochlorococcus with chlorophyll‐based light‐harvesting complexes in blue light but dominance of Synechococcus with phycobilisomes in green light, with a broad range of coexistence in between. These predictions agree well with the known biogeographical distributions of these two highly abundant marine taxa. Our results offer a novel trait‐based approach to understand and predict competition between phytoplankton species with different photosynthetic pigments and light‐harvesting strategies.
Effect of spatial scale and latitude on diversity–disease relationships
Authors: Magnusson Magnus , Fischhoff Ilya R. , Ecke Frauke , Hörnfeldt Birger , Ostfeld Richard S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNatural ecosystems provide humans with different types of ecosystem services, often linked to biodiversity. The dilution effect (DE) predicts a negative relationship between biodiversity and risk of infectious diseases of humans, other animals, and plants. We hypothesized that a stronger DE would be observed in studies conducted at smaller spatial scales, where biotic drivers may predominate, compared to studies at larger spatial scales where abiotic drivers may more strongly affect disease patterns. In addition, we hypothesized a stronger DE in studies from temperate regions at mid latitudes than in those from subtropical and tropical regions, due to more diffuse species interactions at low latitudes. To explore these hypotheses, we conducted a meta‐analysis of observational studies of diversity–disease relationships for animals across spatial scales and geographic regions. Negative diversity–disease relationships were significant at small (combined site and local), intermediate (combined landscape and regional), and large (combined continental and global) scales and the effect did not differ depending on size of the study areas. For the geographic region analysis, a strongly negative diversity–disease relationship was found in the temperate region while no effect was found in the subtropical and tropical regions. However, no overall effect of absolute latitude on the strength of the dilution effect was detected. Our results suggest that a negative diversity–disease relationship occurs across scales and latitudes and is especially strong in the temperate region. These findings may help guide future management efforts in lowering disease risk.
Rare microbial taxa emerge when communities collide: freshwater and marine microbiome responses to experimental mixing
Authors: Rocca Jennifer D. , Simonin Marie , Bernhardt Emily S. , Washburne Alex D. , Wright Justin P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWhole microbial communities regularly merge with one another, often in tandem with their environments, in a process called community coalescence. Such events impose substantial changes: abiotic perturbation from environmental blending and biotic perturbation of community merging. We used an aquatic mixing experiment to unravel the effects of these perturbations on the whole microbiome response and on the success of individual taxa when distinct freshwater and marine communities coalesce. We found that an equal mix of freshwater and marine habitats and blended microbiomes resulted in strong convergence of the community structure toward that of the marine microbiome. The enzymatic potential of these blended microbiomes in mixed media also converged toward that of the marine, with strong correlations between the multivariate response patterns of the enzymes and of community structure. Exposing each endmember inocula to an axenic equal mix of their freshwater and marine source waters led to a 96% loss of taxa from our freshwater microbiomes and a 66% loss from our marine microbiomes. When both inocula were added together to this mixed environment, interactions amongst the communities led to a further loss of 29% and 49% of freshwater and marine taxa, respectively. Under both the axenic and competitive scenarios, the diversity lost was somewhat counterbalanced by increased abundance of microbial taxa that were too rare to detect in the initial inocula. Our study emphasizes the importance of the rare biosphere as a critical component of microbial community responses to community coalescence.
Endothelium‐dependent and independent coronary microvascular dysfunction in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Yang Jeong Hoon , Obokata Masaru , Reddy Yogesh N.V. , Redfield Margaret M. , Lerman Amir , Borlaug Barry A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundCoronary microvascular inflammation is hypothesized to play a fundamental role in the pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). No study has directly evaluated both endothelium‐dependent and independent coronary microvascular function in HFpEF.Methods and resultsConsecutive patients with HFpEF undergoing invasive coronary physiologic testing and echocardiography were examined. Endothelial function was quantified by the increase in coronary blood flow in response to intracoronary infusion of acetylcholine (10−6–10−4 mol/L) using a Doppler flow wire with quantitative angiography. Endothelium‐independent coronary microvascular function was assessed by the hyperaemic increase in coronary flow reserve in response to adenosine infusion. Among 162 HFpEF patients (67% women), coronary microvascular function was abnormal in 117 (72%). Isolated endothelium‐dependent microvascular dysfunction was present in 47 patients (29%), isolated endothelium‐independent microvascular dysfunction in 53 patients (33%), and combined microvascular dysfunction in 17 patients (10%). The presence of coronary microvascular dysfunction was not identifiable from medical co‐morbidities or other clinical characteristics. As compared to patients with normal endothelium‐independent function, HFpEF patients with endothelium‐independent coronary microvascular dysfunction displayed lower diastolic relaxation velocities (7.0 ± 1.8 vs. 8.4 ± 2.9 cm/s, P = 0.002) and higher estimated filling pressures (E/e' 13.1 ± 4.1 vs. 9.6 ± 3.4, P < 0.001). There were no relationships between left ventricular structure, function, or haemodynamics and endothelium‐dependent coronary vasodilatation. Endothelium‐independent microvascular dysfunction was associated with increased mortality.ConclusionsCoronary microvascular dysfunction is common in patients with HFpEF and is caused equally by endothelium‐dependent and independent mechanisms, but the presence of microvascular dysfunction cannot be identified from clinical markers and co‐morbidities alone. Patients with HFpEF and endothelium‐independent microvascular dysfunction display worse diastolic dysfunction and outcomes.
cDC2 and plasmacytoid dendritic cells diminish from tissues of patients with non‐Hodgkin orbital lymphoma and idiopathic orbital inflammation
Authors: Laban Kamil G. , Rijken Rianne , Hiddingh Sanne , Mertens Jorre S. , van der Veen Rob L. P. , Eenhorst Christine A.E. , Pandit Aridaman , Radstake Timothy R.D.J. , de Boer Joke H. , Kalmann Rachel , Kuiper Jonas J. W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNon‐Hodgkin orbital lymphoma (NHOL) and idiopathic orbital inflammation (IOI) are common orbital conditions with largely unknown pathophysiology. To investigate the immune cell composition of these diseases, we performed standardized 29 parameter flow cytometry phenotyping in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 18 NHOL patients, 21 IOI patients, and 41 unaffected controls. Automatic gating by FlowSOM revealed decreased abundance of meta‐clusters containing dendritic cells in patients, which we confirmed by manual gating. A decreased percentage of (HLA‐DR+CD303+CD123+) plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) in the circulation of IOI patients and decreased (HLA‐DR+CD11c+CD1c+) conventional dendritic cells (cDC) type‐2 for IOI patients were replicated in an independent cohort of patients and controls. Meta‐analysis of both cohorts demonstrated that pDCs are also decreased in blood of NHOL patients and highlighted that the decrease in blood cDC type‐2 was specific for IOI patients compared to NHOL or controls. Deconvolution‐based estimation of immune cells in transcriptomic data of 48 orbital biopsies revealed a decrease in the abundance of pDC and cDC populations within the orbital microenvironment of IOI patients. Collectively, these data suggest a previously underappreciated role for dendritic cells in orbital disorders.