bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bidirectional competitive interactions between motor memory and declarative memory during interleaved learning
Authors: Kim Sungshin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDistinct motor and declarative memory systems are widely thought to compete during memory consolidation and retrieval, yet the nature of their interactions during learning is less clear. Recent studies have suggested motor learning not only depend on implicit motor memory system supporting gradual tuning of responses by feedback but also depend on explicit declarative memory system. However, this competition has been identified when both systems are engaged in learning the same material (motor information), and so competition might be emphasized. We tested whether such competition also occurs when learning involved separate motor memory and declarative information presented distinctly but yet in close temporal proximity. We measured behavioral and brain-activity correlates of motor-declarative competition during learning using a novel task with interleaved motor-adaptation and declarative-learning demands. Despite unrelated motor versus declarative information and temporal segregation, motor learning interfered with declarative learning and declarative learning interfered with motor learning. This reciprocal competition was tightly coupled to corresponding reductions of fMRI activity in motor versus declarative learning systems. These findings suggest that distinct motor and declarative learning systems compete even when they are engaged by system-specific demands in close temporal proximity during memory formation.
Linc-ROR promotes arsenite-transformed keratinocyte proliferation by inhibiting P53 activity
Authors: Li Xinyang , Zuo Chao , Wu Mei , Zhang Zunzhen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Linc-ROR is an oncogenic long non-coding RNA over-expressed in many kinds of cancer that promotes cancer cell proliferation. Arsenite is a determined carcinogen that increases the risk of skin cancer, but the carcinogenic mechanism of arsenite remains unclear. To explore whether and how linc-ROR plays a role in arsenite-induced carcinogenesis of skin cancer, we established arsenite-transformed keratinocyte HaCaT cells by exposing them to 1 μM arsenite for 50 passages. Then we examined the linc-ROR expression during the transformation and explored the effect of linc-ROR on the cell proliferation of arsenite-transformed HaCaT cells. We found that the linc-ROR level in HaCaT cells was gradually increased during arsenite-induced malignant transformation, and the activity of P53 was decreased, but the P53 expression was not significantly altered, indicating that linc-ROR may play a role in arsenite-induced HaCaT cell transformation that is associated with P53 activity but not P53 expression. We further demonstrated that linc-ROR down-regulation by siRNA significantly inhibited the cellular proliferation and restored P53 activity in arsenite-transformed HaCaT cells, suggesting that linc-ROR promotes proliferation of arsenite-transformed HaCaT cells by inhibiting P53 activity. Moreover, linc-ROR siRNA also down-regulated the PI3K/AKT pathway in arsenite-transformed HaCaT cells, and treatment with AKT inhibitor wortmannin restored P53 activity, implying that linc-ROR inhibits P53 activity by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. Taken together, the present study shows that linc-ROR promotes arsenite-transformed keratinocyte proliferation by inhibiting P53 activity through activating PI3K/AKT, providing a novel carcinogenic mechanism of arsenite-induced skin cancer.
Revisiting Reliability: Using Sampling Utterances and Grammatical Analysis Revised (SUGAR) to Compare 25- and 50-Utterance Language Samples
Authors: Pavelko Stacey L. , Price Larry R. , Owens Robert E. 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
The goal of this study was to determine whether the results obtained from a 25-utterance conversational language sample were as reliable as those obtained from a 50-utterance sample.

Method

Robust conversational language samples from 220 children with typically developing language (106 boys, 114 girls) ranging in age from 3;2 to 7;10 (years;months) were collected. The language samples were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: a 25-utterance condition and a 50-utterance condition. Transcripts were examined for three metrics, including mean length of utterance
SUGAR
, words per sentence, and clauses per sentence.

Results

Data were analyzed using two methods. A linear mixed-model analysis was used to assess absolute and relative reliability, and the Bland–Altman procedure was used to assess absolute reliability and clinical acceptability. Results of the mixed-model analysis indicated that mean length of utterance
SUGAR
and words per sentence demonstrated relative reliability; however, none of the metrics demonstrated absolute reliability. In contrast, results of the Bland–Altman scatter plots indicated that all three metrics demonstrated absolute reliability because 94%–96% of participants' scores fell within the limits of agreement. Taken together, the results suggested that the statistically significant differences indicated by the mixed-model analysis were not clinically significant.

Conclusion
These results highlighted the importance of using different methods of analysis in studies of reliability. The findings indicated that reliable language sample results can be obtained from 25-utterance samples. Furthermore, by including practices already in use (e.g., collecting samples ≤ 50 utterances) and including only minimal changes to current practices, the methods used in this study are feasible for school-based clinicians, could be easily integrated into clinical practice, and could increase the use of evidence-based assessment practices in schools.
Estimating density and magnetic field turbulence in solar flares using radio zebra observations
Authors: Karlický M. , Yasnov L. 
Published: April 2020

Context. In solar flares the presence of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence is highly probable. However, information about this turbulence, especially the magnetic field turbulence, is still very limited.
Aims. In this paper we present a new method for estimating levels of the density and magnetic field turbulence in time and space during solar flares at positions of radio zebra sources.
Methods. First, considering the double-plasma resonance model of zebras, we describe a new method for determining the gyro-harmonic numbers of zebra stripes based on the assumption that the ratio R = Lb/Ln (Ln and Lb are the density and magnetic field scales) is constant in the whole zebra source.
Results. Applying both the method proposed in this work and one from a previous paper for comparison, in the 14 February 1999 zebra event we determined the gyro-harmonic numbers of zebra stripes. Then, using the zebra-stripe frequencies with these gyro-harmonic numbers, we estimated the density and magnetic field in the zebra-stripe sources as n = (2.95−4.35) × 1010 cm−3 and B = 17.2−31.9 G, respectively. Subsequently, assuming that the time variation of the zebra-stripe frequencies is caused by the plasma turbulence, we determined the level of the time varying density and magnetic field turbulence in zebra-stripe sources as |Δn/n|t = 0.0112–0.0149 and |ΔB/B|t = 0.0056–0.0074, respectively. The new method also shows deviations in the observed zebra-stripe frequencies from those in the model. We interpret these deviations as being caused by the spatially varying turbulence among zebra-stripe sources; i.e., they depend on their gyro-harmonic numbers. Comparing the observed and model zebra-stripe frequencies at a given time, we estimated the level of this turbulence in the density and magnetic field as |Δn/n|s = 0.0047 and |ΔB/B|s = 0.0024. We found that the turbulence levels depending on time and space in the 14 February 1999 zebra event are different. This indicates some anisotropy of the turbulence, probably caused by the magnetic field structure in the zebra source.
Auswirkungen der Belegungsdichte in Ferkelbuchten
Authors: Ganz Sebastian 
Published: April 2020

Laskoski F, Faccin JEG, Vier CM et al. Effects of pigs per feeder hole and group size on feed intake onset, growth performance, and ear and tail lession in nursery pigs with consistent space allowance. J Swine Health Prod 2019; 27 (1): 12–18
Eine herabgesetzte Futteraufnahme nach dem Absetzen und damit verbundene niedrigere Tageszunahmen können sich negativ auf die Leistung und den Metabolismus eines Schweines auswirken. Der Einfluss der Belegungsdichte in Ferkelbuchten in dieser Zeit auf Tageszunahme, Beginn der Futteraufnahme nach dem Absetzen und Inzidenz von Verletzungen der Ohren und Schwänze ist wenig untersucht. Studien zufolge kann eine hohe Belegungsdichte und ein damit verbundener Platzmangel am Futterautomat negative Auswirkungen nach dem Absetzen haben. Es verringern sich nicht nur die Werte der Leistungsparameter wie tägliche Zunahmen, sondern es steigt auch die interindividuelle Aggression, was sich in vermehrtem Beißen oder Kämpfen zwischen den Tieren einer Gruppe äußert. In dieser Studie wurden die Zusammenhänge zwischen Belegungsdichte und Platz an der Futterstelle auf Wachstumsrate, Beginn der Futteraufnahme nach dem Absetzen und Auftreten von Läsionen an Ohren und Schwänzen untersucht.
Der Verlauf des E-Zigarettenkonsums im Jugendalter: Eine Kohortenstudie über 18 Monate
Authors: Hanewinkel R. , Isensee B. , Seidel A.-K. , Goecke M. , Morgenstern M. 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Deskription des E-Zigarettenkonsums Jugendlicher über die Zeit.
Methode 261 Jugendliche aus Nordrhein-Westfalen, die E-Zigaretten mindestens einmal monatlich konsumiert hatten (mittleres Alter: 14,9 Jahre; 33,5 % weiblich), nahmen 2017 und 2019 an einer Fragebogenstudie teil.
Ergebnisse 2017 berichteten 84 Jugendliche (32,2 %) ausschließlichen E-Zigarettenkonsum (Single User), 177 Jugendliche wurden als Dual User eingestuft (67,8 %), da sie zusätzlich zur E-Zigarette ein Tabakprodukt (konventionelle Zigarette und/oder Shisha) konsumierten. Im Beobachtungs­zeitraum von 18 Monaten stellten insgesamt 83 Jugendliche (31,8 %) den Konsum von Nikotinprodukten ein. Dual User stellten den Nikotinkonsum seltener ein als Single User (N = 39 bzw. 22,0 % vs. N = 44 bzw. 52,4 %, p < 0,001). 7 Single User (8,3 %) veränderten ihr Verhalten nicht, 11 begannen ausschließlich Tabak zu konsumieren (13,1 %), weitere 22 (26,2 %) wechselten zum Dual Use. 78 Dual User (44,1 %) veränderten ihr Verhalten nicht, 57 (32,1 %) wechselten zum ausschließlichen Tabakkonsum, 3 (1,7 %) konsumierten ausschließ­lich E-Zigaretten. Zusammengenommen nutzten von den verbliebenen 178 konsumierenden Jugendlichen am Ende der Studie 10 (5,6 %) ausschließlich E-Zigaretten, während 168 (94,4 %) Tabak rauchten oder Dual Use betrieben.
Schlussfolgerungen Mehr als zwei Drittel aller jugendlichen E-Zigarettenkonsumenten und über drei Viertel der Dual User konsumierte auch 18 Monate später Nikotinprodukte. Unter den verblieben Konsumenten zeigte sich ein seltenerer Verbleib oder Umstieg auf den Single Use, statt­dessen ein häufigerer reiner Tabakkonsum oder Dual Use.
Quantitative Assessment of Fatty Liver using Ultrasound with Normalized Local Variance Technique
Authors: Bae Jae Seok , Lee Dong Ho , Lee Jae Young , Kim Haeryoung , Yu Su Jong , Lee Jeong-Hoon , Cho Eun Ju , Lee Yun Bin , Han Joon Koo , Choi Byung Ihn 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose To assess the diagnostic performance of the normalized local variance (NLV) ultrasound technique in the detection of the fatty liver using histopathology as a reference standard.
Materials and Methods We prospectively enrolled 194 consecutive patients with clinical suspicion of diffuse liver disease or history of liver transplantation. Conventional grayscale ultrasound and NLV examinations were performed and immediately followed by liver biopsies. The degrees of fatty liver, necroinflammatory activity, and fibrosis stage were evaluated by histopathological assessment. The diagnostic performance of the NLV values in detecting each grade of fatty liver was determined using receiver operating characteristics analyses, and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to identify variables significantly associated with the NLV values.
Results The number of patients in each degree of fatty liver and hepatic fibrosis was 118/37/26/13 and 81/68/24/6/14 for none/mild/moderate/severe steatosis and F0 / F1/F2 / F3/F4 fibrosis on histopathological examinations, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve and optimal cut-off NLV value for detecting fatty liver of varying degrees were 0.911 and 1.095 for ≥ S1, 0.974 and 1.055 for ≥ S2, and 0.954 and 1.025 for ≥ S3, respectively. Multivariate analyses revealed that not fibrosis or inflammation but rather the degree of steatosis was associated with the NLV value.
Conclusion The NLV value demonstrated excellent diagnostic performance for detecting varying degrees of fatty liver, and the degree of steatosis on histopathological examinations was the only significant factor affecting the NLV value.
Renin-Angiotensin-System (RAS) und COVID-19 – Zur Verordnung von RAS-Blockern
Authors: Kreutz Reinhold , Abd El-Hady Algharably Engi , Ganten Detlev , Messerli Franz 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTwenty years ago, an enzyme homologous to the previously known angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) was identified, and subsequently named ACE2. In the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), ACE2 has counter-regulatory functions against the classical effector peptide angiotensin II, for example in blood pressure regulation and cardiovascular remodeling. However, ACE2 provides an initially unexpected interesting link between virology and cardiovascular medicine. That is, ACE2 represents the binding receptor for the cellular uptake of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 viruses. Thus, ACE2 is relevant for COVID-19. In this context, it was suspected that therapy with RAS blockers might promote transmission and complications of COVID-19 by upregulation of ACE2 expression. The aim of this short review is, to describe the link between the RAS, particularly ACE2, and COVID-19. Based on our analysis and evaluation of the available findings, we justify our conclusion: important drugs such as ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers should continue to be prescribed according to guidelines to stable patients in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Aplicação do protocolo Ottawa por estudantes de medicina e residentes de ortopedia em entorses de tornozelo em um hospital de trauma
Authors: Lavrador Filho José Marcos , Vogt Paulo Henrique , Coelho Alexandre Roberto Roman , Cho Daniel Kyubin , da Silva João Luiz Vieira , Padoani Patrick Willian 
Published: April 2020

Resumo
Objetivo Verificar a aplicabilidade e a concordância das regras do tornozelo de Ottawa aplicadas por estudantes de medicina e residentes de ortopedia em um serviço de trauma terciário, validando assim as regras de Ottawa para utilização em solo brasileiro.
Método Estudo prospectivo, realizado em um hospital terciário, incluindo todos os pacientes com trauma torcional agudo da articulação tibiotársica. Os pacientes realizaram radiografias de tornozelo e/ou pé, tendo sido aplicado o questionário com as regras do tornozelo de Ottawa por acadêmicos e, na sequência, por residentes. As radiografias foram avaliadas por ortopedistas plantonistas e especialista em pé e tornozelo, sendo a opinião do especialista considerada padrão-ouro da análise.
Resultados Foram avaliados 263 pacientes e, após aplicados os critérios de inclusão estabelecidos, restaram para a avaliação 226 casos. A sensibilidade para detectar lesões e o valor preditivo negativo (VPN) foi de 100%. O teste mais sensível e com maior VPN para ambos, acadêmicos e residentes, foi a palpação do maléolo lateral. O estudo apresentou potencial de redução de 30% no total de exames solicitados.
Conclusão Os dados demostraram aplicabilidade e concordância entre acadêmicos e residentes, o que permite a validação do protocolo de Ottawa nos atendimentos de urgência e emergência no Brasil.
Laparoscopic Dismembered Repair in Two Patients with Retrocaval Ureter
Authors: Cavaleri Yuri , Farullo Giuseppe , Nappo Simona Gerocarni , Caione Paolo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRetrocaval ureter (RCU) or circumcaval ureter is a rare cause of congenital hydronephrosis. The surgical correction of RCU should be performed in all patients with obstruction and hydronephrosis symptoms, lumbar pain, urinary tract infections, hematuria, or urolithiasis. Traditionally, an open surgical approach was used for the treatment of RCU. Nowadays, surgical correction of these anomalies is performed using minimally invasive techniques. We report on two cases treated with our standardized laparoscopic technique using only three 5-mm trocars. The proposed approach could be considered as the first-line treatment for RCU.
Transpedal Approach in Failed Antegrade Attempt of Lower Limb Peripheral Arterial Disease—A Review with Different Treatment Strategies
Authors: Nath Ranjit Kumar , Subramaniyan Siva , Pandit Neeraj , Vatsa Deepankar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTranspedal access is an evolving technique primarily used in patients after failed femoral antegrade approach to revascularize complex tibiopedal lesions. In patients who are at high risk for surgery the transpedal access may be the only option in failed antegrade femoral access to avoid amputation of the limbs. In recent years transpedal access is used routinely to revascularize supra-popliteal lesions due to more success and less complications over femoral artery approach. Retrograde approach parse will not give success in all cases and importantly success depends on techniques used. There are different techniques that need to be used depending on lesion characteristics, comorbidities, and hardware available to improve success with less complications. This review provides different strategies for successful treatment of iliac and femoral artery lesions by transpedal approach after failed antegrade femoral attempt.
Hepatitis C Virus in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Andes Alexandra , Ellenberg Kerry , Vakos Amanda , Collins James , Fryer Kimberly 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature to summarize recent demographic characteristics of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection during pregnancy and the efficacy of risk-based versus universal screening.
Study Design PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched to identify relevant studies. Studies that recognized hepatitis C as a primary or secondary outcome, with pregnant women as the population and written in English, were included. Studies were excluded if they were abstracts only, written in foreign language, or published prior to 1992. Two researchers independently screened all the studies by titles, abstracts, and full text. Conflicts were settled by a third researcher.
Results A total of 698 studies were identified with 78 fitting inclusion criteria. In total, 69 epidemiologic and 9 comparison studies were found. Identified risk factors for HCV infection include intravenous or illicit drug use, sexually transmitted coinfection, high-risk behaviors in the partners, high parity, and history of miscarriages or abortions. Demographic characteristics associated with HCV include non-Hispanic white race, American Indian or Alaskan Native ethnicity, and increasing age. Providers may fail to adequately screen for each risk factor, and up to two-thirds of women with a known risk factor are not screened under current guidelines. Finally, up to 27% of HCV+ women have no identifiable risk factors for infection.
Conclusion There is evidence that risk-based screening fails to identify a large proportion of HCV positive women in pregnancy and that pregnant women with HCV risk factors and consistent with current screening guidelines fail to be tested. We urge for the adoption of universal screening to identify these women and offer treatment.
Spread and dynamics of the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy: Effects of emergency containment measures
Authors: Gatto Marino , Bertuzzo Enrico , Mari Lorenzo , Miccoli Stefano , Carraro Luca , Casagrandi Renato , Rinaldo Andrea 
Published: April 2020

Significance
The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 challenges globalized societies. Scientific and technological cross-fertilization yields broad availability of georeferenced epidemiological data and of modeling tools that aid decisions on emergency management. To this end, spatially explicit models of the COVID-19 epidemic that include e.g. regional individual mobilities, the progression of social distancing, and local capacity of medical infrastructure provide significant information. Data-tailored spatial resolutions that model the disease spread geography can include details of interventions at the proper geographical scale. Based on them, it is possible to quantify the effect of local containment measures (like diachronic spatial maps of averted hospitalizations) and the assessment of the spatial and temporal planning of the needs of emergency measures and medical infrastructure as a major contingency planning aid.
‘Detektory Dla Szkół’: a pilot
detector-lending project for Polish schools
Authors: Deja Katarzyna , Adamowski Łukasz , Kirejczyk Marek , Marcinkowska-Sanner Maja , Gąsowska Martyna 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This article presents the Polish project entitled ‘Detektory dla
Szkół’ (‘Detectors for Schools’, throughout the
paper referred to as ‘the programme’). It was developed at the
Education and Training Division of the National Centre for Nuclear Research
(Narodowe Centrum Badań Jądrowych, NCBJ) in Poland. The programme
allows the schools to borrow from NCBJ two types of radiation detectors:
Geiger–Müller counter and CosmicWatch detector(s). Student
participation in the measurements is expected.
Analysis of the C2

(

d

3

Π

g

−

a

3

Π

u

)

Swan bands as a thermometric probe in CO2 microwave plasmas
Authors: Carbone Emile , D’Isa Federico , Hecimovic Ante , Fantz Ursel 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The optical emission spectra of high pressure CO2 microwave plasmas are usually dominated by the C2 Swan bands. In this paper, the use of the C2 Swan bands for estimating the gas temperature in CO2 microwave plasmas is assessed. State by state fitting is employed to check the correctness of assuming a Boltzmann distribution for the rotational and vibrational distribution functions and, within statistical and systematic uncertainties, the C2 Swan band can be fitted accurately with a single temperature for rotational and vibrational levels. The processes leading to the production of the C2 molecule and particularly its

d

3

Π

g

state are briefly reviewed as well as collisional relaxation times of the latter. It is concluded that its rotational temperature can be associated to the gas temperature of the CO2 microwave plasma and the results are moreover cross-checked by adding a small amount of N2 in the discharge and measuring the CN violet band system. The 2.45 GHz plasma source is analyzed in the pressure range 180–925 mbar, for input microwave powers ranging from 0.9 to 3 kW and with gas flow rates of 5–100 l min−1. An intense C2 Swan bands emission spectrum can be measured only when the plasma is operated in contracted regime. A unique temperature of about 6000 ± 500 K is obtained for all investigated conditions. A spectroscopic database is constructed using the recent compilation and calculations by Brooke et al (2013 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer
124 11–20) of the line strengths and molecular constants for the C2 (d

3

Π

g

−a

3

Π

u

) Swan bands system and made available as supplementary material in a format compatible with the open source MassiveOES software.