bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Ictal Brain Perfusion SPECT With 99mTc-HMPAO Versus 99mTc-ECD for Identification of The Epileptic Seizure Onset Zone
Authors: Jaber Mariam , Taherpour Jila , Voges Berthold , Apostolova Ivayla , Sauvigny Thomas , House Patrick M. , Lanz Michael , Lindenau Matthias , Klutmann Susanne , Martens Tobias , Stodieck Stefan , Buchert Ralph 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The chemical microspheres 99mTc-HMPAO and 99mTc-ECD are widely used as tracers in ictal brain perfusion SPECT for identification of the seizure onset zone (SOZ) in presurgical evaluation of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy and uncertainty of SOZ localization after standard diagnostic workup. For both tracers there are theoretical arguments to favor it over the other for this task. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of ictal brain perfusion SPECT between 99mTc-HMPAO and 99mTc-ECD in a rather large patient sample.Methods: The study retrospectively included 196 patients from clinical routine in whom ictal perfusion SPECT had been performed with stabilized 99mTc-HMPAO (n = 110) or 99mTc-ECD (n = 86). Lateralization and localization of the SOZ was obtained by the consensus of two independent readers who visually inspected the SPECT images retrospectively. Results: The 99mTc-HMPAO group and the 99mTc-ECD group were well matched with respect to age, sex, age at first seizure, duration of disease, seizure frequency, history of previous brain surgery, and findings of presurgical MRI. The tracer groups differed significantly with respect to the latency of tracer injection (median latency 4 s longer in the 99mTc-HMPAO group), duration of the seizure after tracer injection (25 s shorter in the 99mTc-HMPAO group), tracer dose (70 MBq higher in the 99mTc-HMPAO group), and delay of the SPECT acquisition after tracer injection (63 min longer in the 99mTc-HMPAO group). The fraction of lateralising ictal SPECT did not differ significantly between the 99mTc-HMPAO and the 99mTc-ECD group (65.5% versus 72.1%, p = 0.355). Sensitivity of ictal perfusion SPECT (independent of the tracer) for correct localization of the SOZ in 62 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and at least worthwhile improvement (Engel scale ≤ III) 12 months after temporal epilepsy surgery was 63%.Conclusions: This study does not provide evidence to favor 99mTc-HMPAO or 99mTc-ECD for identification of the SOZ by ictal perfusion SPECT in patients with drug resistant epilepsy.
Assessment of the Effects of Stretch-Injury on Primary Rat Microglia
Authors: Shaughness Mike , Byrnes Kimberly 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Mechanical stretch-injury is a prominent force involved in the etiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI). It is known to directly cause damage and dysfunction in neurons, astrocytes, and endothelial cells. However, the deleterious effects of stretch-injury on microglia, the brain’s primary immunocompetent cell, are currently unknown. Methods: The Cell Injury Controller II (CICII), a validated model of cellular neurotrauma, was used to induce a mechanical stretch-injury in primary rat microglia. Statistical analysis utilized student t-test and one and two way-ANOVAs with Tukey’s and Sidak’s multiple comparisons, respectively. Results: Cells exposed to stretch-injury showed no signs of membrane permeability, necrosis, or apoptosis, as measured by media derived lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cleaved-caspase 3 immunocytochemistry, respectively. Interestingly, injured cells displayed a functional deficit in production nitric oxide (NO), identified by media assay and immunocytochemistry, at 6, 12, 18, and 48 hours post-injury. Furthermore, gene expression analysis revealed the expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 and enzyme arginase-1 was significantly down-regulated at 12 hours post-injury. Time course evaluation of migration, using a cell exclusion zone assay, showed stretch-injured cells display decreased migration into the exclusion zone at 48 and 72 hours post-stretch. Lastly, coinciding with the functional immune deficits, was a significant change in morphology, with process length decreasing and cell diameter increasing following an injury at 12 hours. Conclusions: Taken together, the data demonstrate that stretch-injury produces significant alterations in microglial function, which may have marked impact on their response to injury or their interaction with other cells.
Indoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) Deficiency Attenuates Spontaneous Recurrent Seizures (SRS) after Status Epilepticus(SE) in the Lithium-Pilocarpine Model of Epilepsy
Authors: Deng Ning , Deng Ning , Hu Jiao , Hu Jiao , Hong Yu , Hong Yu , Ding Yuewen , Ding Yuewen , Xiong Yifan , Xiong Yifan , Wu Zhiyong , Wu Zhiyong , Xie Wei , Xie Wei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundIDO1 is the initial and rate-limiting enzyme that metabolizes tryptophan (TRP) to kynurenine (KYN). IDO1-dependent neurotoxic KYN metabolism plays a crucial role in pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative disorders. However, the function of IDO1 in epilepsy is still unclear. MethodsPatients with epilepsy and controls were enrolled. Male C57BL/6 mice and IDO1 knockout (KO) mice were subjected to intraperitoneal injection of lithium and pilocarpine to induce epilepsy. The level of IDO1 and concentrations of TRP and KYN in the patients with epilepsy and epileptic mice were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) respectively. Then, SRS and neuronal damage was compared between KO and wild-type (WT) mice in lithium-pilocarpine-induced epilepsy. To explore underlying pathways involved in IDO1 deficiency, concentrations of kynurenic acid (KYNA) and quinolinic acid (QUIN), glial cells activation, major pro-inflammatory cytokines, and antioxidant enzymes activity were measured by LC-MS, immunohistochemistry and ELISA.ResultsIn this study, IDO1 level and KYN/TRP ratio were increased in the patients with epilepsy and epileptic mice. IDO1 deficiency attenuated the frequency, duration and severity of SRS and improved neuronal survival. Additionally, IDO1-/- epileptic mice showed a progressive decline in QUIN production, glial cells activation and pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhanced antioxidant enzymes activity.ConclusionsIDO1 deletion alleviated SRS and neuronal damage in the chronic period after SE through a reduction in IDO1-dependent neurotoxic metabolites, which finally inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine production and glial cells activation and improved antioxidant enzymes activity. Our study demonstrates that IDO1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of epilepsy and has potential to be a therapeutic target for the treatment of epilepsy.
The Pathogen Genomics in Public HeAlth Surveillance Evaluation (PG-PHASE) Framework: An Implementation Science Approach to Evaluating Pathogen Whole Genome Sequencing in Public Health
Authors: Ferdinand Angeline S , Kelaher Margaret , Lane Courtney R , Silva Anders Gonçalves da , Sherry Norelle , Ballard Susan A , Andersson Patiyan , Hoang Tuyet , Denholm Justin T , Easton Marion , Howden Benjamin P , Williamson Deborah A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Pathogen whole genome sequencing (WGS) is being incorporated into public health surveillance and disease control systems worldwide and has the potential to make significant contributions to infectious disease surveillance, outbreak investigation and infection prevention and control. However, to date, there are limited data regarding: (i) the optimal models for integration of genomic data into epidemiological investigations, and (ii) how to quantify and evaluate public health impacts resulting from genomic epidemiological investigations. Methods We developed the Pathogen Genomics in Public HeAlth Surveillance Evaluation (PG-PHASE) Framework to guide examination of the use of WGS in public health surveillance and disease control. We illustrate the use of this framework with three pathogens as case studies: Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and SARS-CoV-2. Results The framework utilises an adaptable whole-of-system approach towards understanding how interconnected elements in the public health application of pathogen genomics contribute to public health processes and outcomes. The three phases of the PG-PHASE Framework are designed to support understanding of WGS laboratory processes, analysis, reporting and data sharing, and how genomic data are utilised in public health practice across all stages, from the decision to send an isolate or sample for sequencing to the use of sequence data in public health surveillance, investigation and decision-making. Importantly, the phases can be used separately or in conjunction, depending on the need of the evaluator. Subsequent to conducting evaluation underpinned by the framework, avenues may be developed for strategic investment or interventions to improve utilisation of whole genome sequencing. Conclusions Comprehensive evaluation is critical to support health departments, public health laboratories and other stakeholders to successfully incorporate microbial genomics into public health practice. The PG-PHASE Framework aims to assist public health laboratories, health departments and authorities who are either considering transitioning to whole genome sequencing or intending to assess the integration of WGS in public health practice, including the capacity to detect and respond to outbreaks and associated costs, challenges and facilitators in the utilisation of microbial genomics and public health impacts.
Quality of Life of University Students During The COVID-19 Pandemic: Age, History of Medical Illness, Religious Coping, COVID-19 Related Stressors, Psychological Factors and Social Support Were Predictive of Quality of Life
Authors: Abdullah Mohammad Farris Iman Leong Bin , Murad Nor Shuhada , Teoh Soo Huat , Mohamad Mohd Afifuddin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: In Malaysia, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) began to spread in March 2020, and the infection has not been fully controlled since then. Despite the significant impact of COVID-19 on mental health among university students, data on the related quality of life (QoL) are lacking in this group of the population. This study aimed to evaluate QoL and determine its association with various factors and social support in a cohort of Malaysian university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This online, cross-sectional survey recruited 316 university students from the medical faculties of two Malaysian public universities. They were administered a self-reported questionnaire to gather data on demographic, personal, clinical and psychological characteristics; the 21-item depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21) to assess the severity of their depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms; the multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS) to assess the degree of social support; and the World Health Organization quality of life-BREF (WHOQoL-BREF) to assess QoL. Results: The psychological and social QoL scores were lower than the non-pandemic norms of the general population, while the physical health and environmental QoL scores were comparable. Religious coping; greater number of hours of online classes attended; and greater social support from family, friends and significant others were found to be significantly associated with higher QoL among the participants. Older age, frustration because of loss of daily routine and study disruption, living in areas with a high prevalence of COVID-19 cases, a history of pre-existing medical illness, and a higher severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms were significantly associated with lower QoL. Conclusion: COVID-19 impaired the QoL of university students even after the movement control order (MCO) was lifted. Our findings indicated the pivotal role of online mental and physical healthcare services to improve the QoL of university students during the uncertain time of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Heart Rate Variability Using The Analgesia Nociception Index as A Predictor of Illness Severity and Mortality in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19.
Authors: Aragón-Benedí Cristian , Oliver-Forniés Pablo , Galluccio Felice , Altinpulluk Ece Yamak , Ergonenc Tolga , Allam Abdallah El Sayed , Salazar Carlos , Fajardo-Pérez Mario 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction A balance between the autonomic nervous system and the immune system against SARS-COV-2 is critical in the resolution of its severe macrophage proinflammatory activation. To demonstrate that most severely ill COVID-19 patients will show a depletion of the sympathetic nervous system and a predominance of parasympathetic tone. We hypothesized that a low energy of an autonomic nervous system and a high level of the high frequency component of heart rate variability may be related to the number of proinflammatory cytokines and could have a predictive value in terms of severity and mortality in critically ill patients suffering from COVID-19; Materials and Methods Single-centre, prospective, observational pilot study which included COVID-19 patients admitted to the Surgical Intensive Care Unit. High frequency (HF) component of heart rate variability (HRV) and energy of the autonomic nervous system were recorded using analgesia nociception index monitor (ANI). To estimate the severity and mortality we used the SOFA score and the date of discharge or date of death.Results A total of fourteen patients were finally included in the study. High-frequency component of heart rate variability (ANIm) were higher in the non-survivor group (p = 0.003) and were correlated with higher IL-6 levels (p = 0.002) Energy was inversely correlated with SOFA (p = 0.029). Limit value at 80 of ANIm, predicted mortalities with the sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 85.7%. In the case of energy, a limit value of 0.41 predicted mortality with all predictive values of 71.4%.Conclusion The different components of the spectral analysis of HRV allow us to infer the association between the autonomic nervous system and critically ill patients’ immune system. A low autonomic nervous system activity and a predominance of the parasympathetic system due to sympathetic depletion in patients are associated with a worse prognosis and higher mortality.
Influence of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Gene Expression in Women with Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Costa-Silva Danylo Rafhael , Barros-Oliveira Maria da Conceição , Campos-Verdes Larysse Cardoso , Pereira Renato de Oliveira , Tavares Cleciton Braga , Melo Mariella de Almeida , Neto Fidelis Manes , Cardoso Arquimedes Cavalcante , Coelho Eid Gonçalves , Vale Edison de Araujo , Santos Alesse Ribeiro dos , Viana Jackeline Lopes , Vieira-Valença Samara Fernanda , Vasconcelos-Valença Rodrigo José de , Pinho-Sobral André Luiz , Sousa Emerson Brandão , Lopes-Costa Pedro Vitor , Gebrim Luiz Henrique , Silva Benedito Borges da 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer, the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide, one of the major risk factors for breast cancer is genetic changes. Changes in the expression levels of the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) gene have been associated with increased risk and aggressiveness of breast cancer. The IGF-1 gene encodes the IGF-1 peptide that is present in most human tissues, as in the normal and neoplastic mammary gland. Here, we conducted a systematic review to investigate the influence of IGF-1 gene expression levels in women with breast cancer.Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant studies published between February 2 and May 15, 2019, using inclusion and exclusion criteria in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. We analyzed the studies to find association between IGF-1gene expression and breast cancer.Results: A growing number of studies in women with breast cancer support, with controversial results, the influence of IGF-1 gene expression levels on clinical-pathological factors, disease-free survival, overall survival, and resistance to tamoxifen.Conclusions: Therefore, the elucidation of IGF-1 gene expression patterns through further studies may enable the characterization of women at high risk for breast cancer, as well as the development of effective prognostic and therapeutic strategies.
The Tissue Expression of MCT3, MCT8, and MCT9 Genes in Women with Breast Cancer
Authors: Sohrabi Ehsan , Moslemi Masoumeh , Rezaie Ehsan , Nafissi Nahid , Afkhami Hamed , Khaledi Mansoor , Fathi Javad , Zekri Ali 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) is a common malignancy with a high mortality rate. Malignant cell transformation is associated with metabolic changes. One group pf proteins that are affected are the monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs-SLC16A). The MCTs comprise 14 members, and they play an important role in the growth, proliferation, and metabolism of cancer cells by transporting monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate and thyroid hormones. We aimed to evaluate the expression of MCT3 (SLC16A8), MCT8 (SLC16A2) and MCT9 (SLC16A9) genes in breast cancer samples, comparing to normal adjacent tissues.Methods: Forty paired breast cancer tumor samples, the adjacent non-tumor and five healthy tissues were collected. Three cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and SKBR3) were also analysed. The expression of SLC16A8, SLC16A2 and SLC16A9 were assessed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The relationship between gene expression with the pathological features of the tumors, and the hormone receptors status [estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)] of the patients tumors were also analyzed. Microarray data and survival analyses for each of the candidate genes was undertakenResults: There was a significantly lower expression of the MCT3 gene in tumor samples compared to adjacent normal tissue and healthy samples (P-value < 0.05). There was a significant difference in the expression of all three candidate genes between the BC tissues and normal tissues, and for the, tissues with different hormone receptor status (ER, PR and HER2) and the molecular subtypes. Altered MCT8 and MCT9 gene expression was associated with a reduced survivalConclusion: MCT3 expression is significantly downregulated in breast cancer tissue. MCT3 may represent a novel therapeutic target in breast cancer patients, or in some hormone receptor subgroups, such as HER2-negative or triple-negative.
Identification of Novel Genome-Wide Associations for Oral Inflammatory Traits
Authors: Jin Yanjiao , Yang Jie , Zhang Shuyue , Li Jin , Wang Songlin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Oral diseases impact the majority of the world’s population. The following traits are common in oral inflammatory diseases: mouth ulcers, painful gums, bleeding gums, loose teeth, and toothache. Despite the prevalence of genome-wide association studies, the associations between these traits and common genomic variants, and whether pleiotropic loci are shared by some of these traits remain poorly understood. Methods: In this work, we conducted multi-trait joint analyses based on the summary statistics of genome-wide association studies of these five oral inflammatory traits from the UK Biobank, each of which is comprised of over 10,000 cases and over 300,000 controls. We estimated the genetic correlations between the five traits. We conducted fine-mapping and functional annotation based on multi-omics data to better understand the biological functions of the potential causal variants at each locus. To identify the pathways in which the candidate genes were mainly involved, we applied gene-set enrichment analysis, and further performed protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses.Results: We identified 39 association signals that surpassed genome-wide significance, including three that were shared between two or more oral inflammatory traits, consistent with a strong correlation. Among these genome-wide significant loci, two were novel for both painful gums and toothache. We performed fine-mapping and identified causal variants at each novel locus. Further functional annotation based on multi-omics data suggested IL10 and IL12A/TRIM59 as potential candidate genes at the novel pleiotropic loci, respectively. Subsequent analyses of pathway enrichment and protein-protein interaction networks suggested the involvement of candidate genes at genome-wide significant loci in immune regulation.Conclusions: Our results highlighted the importance of immune regulation in the pathogenesis of oral inflammatory diseases. Some common immune-related pleiotropic loci or genetic variants are shared by multiple oral inflammatory traits. These findings will be beneficial for risk prediction, prevention, and therapy of oral inflammatory diseases.
Acceleration Of Performance Recovery And Competitiveness Through Non – Banking Financing In SMEs Based On Green Economy: Impact Of Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sriy Sriyono , Biduri Sarwendah , Prayogi Bayu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The recovery of SMEs' performance due to the impact of Covid-19 is significant because SMEs have an essential role in the economy. Many previous studies have examined the effects of covid-19 on SMEs, but this research is only on fundamental recovery. This study will be very different because this research prioritizes the acceleration of performance recovery and SMEs' competitive advantage to conduct activities immediately. This study aims to accelerate the recovery of SMEs' performance affected bhealing19 and the benefits of competing through non-banking financing. This research type is interpretive qualitative using primary data through in-depth interviews; each in-depth interview lasts 45 t0 60 minutes on several important informants and secondary data as data support. Data validity test using credibility and transferability test, Data analysis technique using research data reduction, presenting data, drawing conclusion drawing. Based on the research results in the field and analysis, alternative non-banking financing is suitable for SMEs affected by covid-19. The conclusion of this study is to accelerate the recovery of performance and competitive advantage through non-banking funding because there are no complex requirements required, and the payment model is very light.
Robust adaptive beamforming based on the direct biconvex optimization modeling
Authors: Hu Jinfeng , Zou Xinying 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
It is well known that the performance of the minimum variance distortionless response beamformer is sensitive to steering vector mismatch, which motivates the development of robust adaptive beamforming(RAB). However, robust adaptive beamforming (RAB) is usually modeled as a nonconvex optimization problem. The most state-of-art methods solve it indirectly by approximating the nonconvex problem to the convex optimization problem, which causes the approximation errors and performance degradation. To circumvent this problem, a novel method that is against the mismatch of the signal look direction errors, which reformulates RAB as the biconvex form directly, is proposed. This method imposes ideal response constraints to guarantee the gain of the angular region in which the actual signal lies and suppresses the signals in the remaining region, and constructs a four-order problem. Then, an auxiliary variable is introduced to reformulate it as a biconvex problem without approximation process, which can be efficiently solved iteratively by the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed method can obtain a better performance on the signal-to-interference-plus-noise (SINR) and flexible control of error range.