bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic significance of patent foramen ovale in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Melduni Rowlens M , Wysokinski Waldemar E , Wang Zhenzhen , Gersh Bernard J , Asirvatham Samuel J , Patlolla Sri Harsha , Greene Eddie L , Oh Jae K , Lee Hon-Chi 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivePrevious studies have postulated a causal role of patent foramen ovale (PFO) in the aetiology of embolic stroke in the general population. We hypothesised that the presence of concomitant PFO and atrial fibrillation (AF) will add incremental risk of ischaemic stroke to that linked to AF alone.MethodsWe analysed data on 3069 consecutive patients (mean age 69.4±12.2 years; 67.1% men) undergoing transoesophageal echocardiography-guided electrical cardioversion (ECV) for AF between May 2000 and March 2012. PFO was identified by colour Doppler and agitated saline contrast study. All patients were followed up after ECV for first documentation of ischaemic stroke. Outcomes were compared using Cox regression models.ResultsThe prevalence of PFO was 20.0% and the shunt direction was left-to-right in the majority of patients (71.4%). Patients with PFO had a higher frequency of obstructive sleep apnoea (21.7% vs 17.1%, p=0.01) and higher mean peak left atrial appendage emptying velocity (38.3±21.8 vs 36.1±20.4 cm/s; p=0.04) compared with those without PFO. Otherwise, baseline characteristics were similar between groups. During a mean follow-up period of 7.3±4.6 years, 214 patients (7.0%) had ischaemic stroke. Multivariable analysis showed no significant association between PFO and ischaemic stroke (HR, 0.82 (95% CI 0.57 to 1.18)). PFO shunt direction was strongly associated with stroke: HR, 1.91 (95% CI 1.16 to 3.16) for right-to-left shunt and HR, 0.58 (95% CI 0.36 to 0.93) for left-to-right shunt.ConclusionsThe presence of concurrent PFO in this largely anticoagulated group of patients with AF was not associated with increased risk of ischaemic stroke.
The effect of an anomalous Higgs trilinear self-coupling on the $$h \rightarrow \gamma \, Z$$ decay
Authors: Degrassi G. , Vitti M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe compute the two-loop effects induced by an anomalous Higgs trilinear self-coupling in the partial decay width $$\Gamma (h \rightarrow \gamma Z)$$Γ(h→γZ). The computation is performed using the anomalous coupling approach, working in the unitary gauge, and in a theory in which the anomalous coupling is generated via the addition to the scalar potential part of the Standard Model Lagrangian of an (in)finite tower of $$(\Phi ^\dagger \Phi )^n$$(Φ†Φ)n terms. The former computation is automatically finite while the latter requires the renormalization of the lowest order contribution. We discuss the renormalization conditions that should be employed in order to obtain the same result in the two approaches. We find that the $$h \rightarrow \gamma Z$$h→γZ process is one of the most sensitive mode to an anomalous trilinear Higgs self-coupling. As a by-product of this work we confirm one of two different results present in the literature concerning the contribution of an anomalous Higgs trilinear coupling in the $$h \rightarrow \gamma \gamma $$h→γγ decay.
Ovulation Rate after Metformin and Clomiphene vs Clomiphene Alone in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Heathcote Georgia , Boothroyd Clare , Forbes Kevin , Lee Alan , Gregor Margaret , Luscombe Georgina 
Published: April 2020

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 5%-15% of women of reproductive age and has a negative impact on their fertility. The primary outcome of this study is ovulation rate when standard (immediate release) metformin (MF) is added to clomiphene citrate (CC) in oligoovulatory and anovulatory women with PCOS. Methods: This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Twenty-seven women with PCOS (according to the Rotterdam consensus), desiring pregnancy and without another cause of subfertility were recruited from a public hospital outpatient gynecology clinic. Up to six cycles of CC (25-150 mg) plus either MF 500 mg tds (CC+MF) or placebo (CC+Pl) were offered. Student’s t-test, Chi-squared test, and Fisher’s exact test were used for analysis. Results: Thirteen women with up to six cycles each were included in the final analysis. The rate of ovulation and ovulation rate per cycle was similar between women in the CC+MF and CC+Pl groups RR 1.09 (95% CI 0.80-1.49) and RR 0.88 (95% CI 0.63-1.22), respectively as was chemical pregnancy rate RR 1.77 (95% CI 0.58-5.38). The live birth rate was higher in CC+MF RR 6.83 (95% CI 0.83-56.27) and miscarriage rate was lower RR 0.21 (95% CI 0.002-1.07). The number needed to treat for live birth was 10. Conclusion: Use of standard MF, 500 mg tds, when given with CC results in an increase in live birth rate, and a decrease in miscarriage rate.
Geological and petrophysical applications of imaging infrared spectroscopy for mineralogical analysis of core and cuttings: examples from the North Sea, Norwegian Sea and Barents Sea
Authors: Hunt Gavin A. , Williams Richard , Charnock Michael A. , Moss Adam , Meltveit Jan , Florescu Doru 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The most recent advance in infrared spectroscopy is in the use of real-time imaging reflectance spectrometers to study cores and cuttings. These are non-contact and non-destructive, and acquire continuous mineral and hydrocarbon data in a detailed sub-millimetre pixel image format. The main strength of this approach is the unique ability to accurately discriminate and quantify the clays, carbonates and sulfates, along with hydrocarbon information.
Three hyperspectral core-scanning projects from the UK and Norwegian Continental Shelf highlight how these detailed, continuous mineral and hydrocarbon data can be used in geological and petrophysical evaluations. In the Dunbar Field of the Northern North Sea, UK, the spectral recognition of illite and kaolinite polytypes associated with faulted sandstone units contributed to a successful revision of lithostratigraphic correlation between wells with core material and those with only cuttings. These had been hitherto problematical. In Norway, hyperspectral mineral data from mixed carbonate–siliciclastic sequences across the Permo-Triassic boundary in the Alta Field, Barents Sea, helped in the delineation of a karstified dolomitic reservoir. A kaolinite cyclicity associated with an Upper Triassic stacked alluvial fan sequence was also identified in the Lorry Prospect, Norwegian Sea. Finally, it is demonstrated how hyperspectral data can be applied quantitatively to help to calibrate downhole petrophysical data, improve gamma log scaling for shale volume calculations and link mineralogy to permeability.
Personalization of Treatment is the Way Forward in Care and Trials
Authors: Esserman Laura J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
It has been demonstrated that, in early breast cancer, there is no survival benefit to additional treatment once a patient has achieved a pathologic complete response (pCR). Together with the well-established prognostic association between pCR and survival, this presents a strong rationale for escalation/deescalation of neoadjuvant treatment based upon response.
See related article by Spring et al., p. 2838
Investigating the Efficacy of Reading Adventure Time! for Improving Reading Skills in Children with Visual Impairments
Authors: Kamei-Hannan Cheryl , McCarthy Tessa , D’Andrea Frances Mary , Holbrook M. Cay 
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Reading Adventure Time!, formerly known as the pilot version of the iBraille Challenge Mobile App, is an educational technology tool integrating digital literacy to support braille reading and writing instruction for students in 1st–12th grades. Designed to operate on an Apple iPad with a refreshable braille display, Reading Adventure Time! uses gaming strategies to motivate students to improve literacy skills such as fluency, comprehension, writing dictation, and proofreading. Methods: The application (app) was developed under a Stepping Up Technology grant (H327S120007), which was disseminated to more than 50 teachers and students. Teachers and caregivers completed a Likert-type scale of technology skills as a pre- and postmeasure. Students’ reading speed, comprehension, and miscues were measured by the app. Results: Over 50 participants who used the app showed gains in reading and technology skills. Discussion: Students’ reading speeds, as measured by the app, mirror the reading speeds found in prior research (e.g., the ABC Braille Study). The impact on technology skills for teachers, caregivers, and students was much greater than anticipated. Implications for practitioners: The study provides evidence supporting Reading Adventure Time! as a supplemental intervention that addresses several reading skills and may be used in conjunction with a total, balanced literacy program.
Subacute effects of the psychedelic ayahuasca on the salience and default mode networks
Authors: Pasquini Lorenzo , Palhano-Fontes Fernanda , Araujo Draulio B 
Published: April 2020

Background: Neuroimaging studies have just begun to explore the acute effects of psychedelics on large-scale brain networks’ functional organization. Even less is known about the neural correlates of subacute effects taking place days after the psychedelic experience. This study explores the subacute changes of primary sensory brain networks and networks supporting higher-order affective and self-referential functions 24 hours after a single session with the psychedelic ayahuasca. Methods: We leveraged task-free functional magnetic resonance imaging data 1 day before and 1 day after a randomized placebo-controlled trial exploring the effects of ayahuasca in naïve healthy participants (21 placebo/22 ayahuasca). We derived intra- and inter-network functional connectivity of the salience, default mode, visual, and sensorimotor networks, and assessed post-session connectivity changes between the ayahuasca and placebo groups. Connectivity changes were associated with Hallucinogen Rating Scale scores assessed during the acute effects. Results: Our findings revealed increased anterior cingulate cortex connectivity within the salience network, decreased posterior cingulate cortex connectivity within the default mode network, and increased connectivity between the salience and default mode networks 1 day after the session in the ayahuasca group compared to placebo. Connectivity of primary sensory networks did not differ between groups. Salience network connectivity increases correlated with altered somesthesia scores, decreased default mode network connectivity correlated with altered volition scores, and increased salience default mode network connectivity correlated with altered affect scores. Conclusion: These findings provide preliminary evidence for subacute functional changes induced by the psychedelic ayahuasca on higher-order cognitive brain networks that support interoceptive, affective, and self-referential functions.
Student Attitudes About Reproductive Health in Public Universities: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kashefi Fatemeh , Bakhtiari Afsaneh , Pasha Hajar , Amiri Fatemeh Nasiri , Bakouei Fatemeh 
Published: April 2020

Background Determine attitude of young people to reproductive health issues can somewhat predict their behavior in this area. This helps us in planning future on reproductive health. The aim of this study was to determine the attitude of reproductive health and related factors among Iranian students in public universities in Iran. Method A cross-sectional study was carried out. The tool was developed based on a literature review to find out about reproductive health attitudes and sociodemographic factors associated. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was performed using expert judgment. Cronbach’s coefficient and test–retest were used to determine the reliability. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software by independent t test, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression. Results Out of 461 respondents, the majority of students were nonmedical sciences (81.1%). The main sources of information for reproductive health awareness were the media (40%); 54.9% disagreed with having premarital sex in both sexes, while only 36% agreed to postpone sexual activity until marriage in order to prevent sexually transmitted diseases. Moreover, 64% believed that contraception would cause infertility in the future. The majority found the need for reproductive health services and education essential for single youth. Multiple regression showed a poor reproductive health attitude in nonmedical students, families who did not talk about boy–girl relationships, as well as in satellite users and hookah consumers. Conclusion The students’ level of attitude on reproductive health was not satisfactory. Intervention programs related to reproductive health taking into account the cultural aspects of Iranian society can protect young people from risky behaviors and unwanted pregnancies by creating a positive attitude.
Establishing an early identification score system for cerebral palsy based on detailed assessment of general movements
Authors: Wang Yuqing , Zhu Ping , Yang Zhongxiu , Gu Guixiong 
Published: April 2020

Objective This retrospective study aimed to establish an early identification score system of cerebral palsy (CP) in the writhing movement period of high-risk infants by detailed assessment of general movements (GMs). Methods High-risk infants from our hospital during January 2016 to January 2017 were included. GMs were assessed and a detailed score was calculated. The 52-neuromotor examination for 0- to 1-year-olds was performed and follow-up outcome was determined at the 12th month according to CP diagnostic criteria. An early identification score of detailed assessment was established in the writhing movement period of infants. Results The detailed score during the writhing movement period was significantly different among the normal, poor repertoire, and cramped-synchronized groups of GMs ( F = 208.186). Detailed scores were positively related to 52-neuromotor examination scores, with a correlation coefficient of 0.218. The predictive validity of the early identification score was 92.11%, sensitivity was 100%, specificity was 90.00%, the positive predictive value was 72.73%, the negative predictive value was 100%, the false positive rate was 10, and the false negative rate was 0. Conclusion The detailed GM score in the writhing movement period is correlated with 52-neuromotor examination results. The CP early identification score could be useful in clinical practice.
Different associations between left atrial size and 2.5-year clinical outcomes in patients with anterior versus non-anterior wall ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Gao Fan , Huo Jianhua , She Jianqing , Bai Ling , He Hairong , Lyu Jun , Qiang Hua 
Published: April 2020

Objective To investigate associations between left atrial diameter (LAD) and long-term outcomes in patients with anterior or non-anterior wall ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods Patients with STEMI were included in this secondary analysis of data from a prospective cohort study in which the primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) occurrence during a 2.5-year follow-up. A LAD cut-off value was obtained through receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox regression analyses were applied. Subgroup Cox regression analysis was also performed, with patients stratified based on left ventricular diastolic diameter (LVEDD, > 55 mm and ≤55 mm). The relationship between LAD and outcomes in patients with anterior or non-anterior wall STEMI was explored using restricted cubic spline functions. Results Out of 464 patients, adjusted Cox regression showed that dichotomous (>40 mm) LAD was significantly associated with MACE (hazard ratio 2.978, 95% confidence interval 1.763, 5.030) in patients with anterior wall but not non-anterior wall STEMI. The association was not different between normal and enlarged LVEDD groups. Conclusions A left atrium > 40 mm may indicate higher risk of MACE in patients with anterior wall STEMI, even in patients with normal left ventricular structure. This relationship was not observed in patients with non-anterior wall STEMI.
Association Between Knee Anatomic Metrics and Biomechanics for Male Soldiers Landing With Load
Authors: Kaplan Jonathan T. , Ramsay John W. , Cameron Sarah E. , Seymore Kayla D. , Brehler Michael , Thawait Gaurav K. , Zbijewski Wojciech B. , Siewerdsen Jeffrey H. , Brown Tyler N. 
Published: April 2020

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a military occupational hazard that may be attributed to an individual’s knee biomechanics and joint anatomy. This study sought to determine if greater flexion when landing with load resulted in knee biomechanics thought to decrease ACL injury risk and whether knee biomechanics during landing relate to knee anatomic metrics. Hypothesis: Anatomic metrics regarding the slope and concavity of the tibial plateau will exhibit a significant relation to the increased anterior shear force on the knee and decreased knee flexion posture during landing with body-borne load. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Twenty male military personnel completed a drop landing task with 3 load conditions: light (~6 kg), medium (15% body weight), and heavy (30% body weight). Participants were divided into groups based on knee flexion exhibited when landing with the heavy load (high- and low-Δflexion). Tibial slopes and depth were measured on weightbearing volumetric images of the knee obtained with a prototype cone beam computed tomography system. Knee biomechanics were submitted to a linear mixed model to evaluate the effect of landing group and load, with the anatomic metrics considered covariates. Results: Load increased peak proximal anterior tibial shear force ( P = .034), knee flexion angle ( P = .024), and moment ( P = .001) during landing. Only the high flexion group increased knee flexion ( P < .001) during weighted landings with medium and heavy loads. The low flexion group used greater knee abduction angle ( P = .030) and peak proximal anterior tibial shear force ( P = .034) when landing with load. Anatomic metrics did not differ between groups, but ratio of medial-to-lateral tibial slope and medial tibial depth predicted peak proximal anterior tibial shear force ( P = .009) and knee flexion ( P = .034) during landing, respectively. Conclusion: Increasing knee flexion is an attainable strategy to mitigate risk of ACL injury, but certain individuals may be predisposed to knee forces and biomechanics that load the ACL during weighted landings. Clinical Relevance: The ability to screen individuals for anatomic metrics that predict knee flexion may identify soldiers and athletes who require additional training to mitigate the risk of lower extremity injury.
Performance of the Achilles Tendon Total Rupture Score Over Time in a Large National Database: Development of an Instruction Manual for Accurate Use
Authors: Hansen Maria Swennergren , Nilsson Helander Katarina , Karlsson Jón , Barfod Kristoffer Weisskirchner 
Published: April 2020

Background: The Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS) is a commonly used patient-reported outcome measure for patients with an acute Achilles tendon rupture. The score consists of 10 questions, the last 3 of which include activities that some patients cannot or do not do. No instruction manual has been developed for the ATRS. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose was to evaluate the ATRS at 4, 12, and 24 months after a rupture. The hypothesis was that the results at 4 months would be inconsistent when compared with the results at 1 year and 2 years. We also aimed to develop a manual that explains how to use the ATRS. Study Design: Cohort study (Diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This was a mixed-methods study. The first section was a registry study, where prospectively collected data were analyzed. Data were collected 4, 12, and 24 months after rupture. The original score based on 10 items was compared with a score based on the first 7 items adjusted to the same scale as the original score. Density plots and scatterplots were made and differences between the scores were tested using the Mann-Whitney U test. The second section of the study consisted of discussions among the authors, which resulted in a manual for the ATRS. Results: In total, 2790 complete ATRSs were included. The 7-item score significantly overestimated the value of the 10-item score at all time points ( P < .001), but only at 4 months was the difference clinically relevant (9.7 points). Conclusion: When the ATRS is used for short-term evaluation, there is a risk of results being inconsistent because of the last 3 questions. A manual explaining how to use the ATRS was therefore developed. We recommend that the full ATRS together with the manual should be used in future research rather than eliminating the 3 last questions.
An Investigation of Factors Associated With Head Impact Exposure in Professional Male and Female Australian Football Players
Authors: Reyes Jonathan , Mitra Biswadev , McIntosh Andrew , Clifton Patrick , Makdissi Michael , Nguyen Jack V.K. , Harcourt Peter , Howard Teresa S. , Cameron Peter A. , Rosenfeld Jeffrey V. , Willmott Catherine 
Published: April 2020

Background: Exposure to head acceleration events (HAEs) has been associated with player sex, player position, and player experience in North American football, ice hockey, and lacrosse. Little is known of these factors in professional Australian football. Video analysis allows HAE verification and characterization of important determinants of injury. Purpose: To characterize verified HAEs in the nonhelmeted contact sport of professional Australian football and investigate the association of sex, player position, and player experience with HAE frequency and magnitude. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Professional Australian football players wore a nonhelmeted accelerometer for 1 match, with data collected across 14 matches. HAEs with peak linear accelerations (PLAs) ≥30 g were verified with match video. Verified HAEs were summarized by frequency and median PLA and compared between the sexes, player position, and player experience. Characterization of match-related situations of verified HAEs was conducted, and the head impact rate per skill execution was calculated. Results: 92 male and 118 female players were recruited during the 2017 season. Male players sustained more HAEs (median, 1; IQR, 0-2) than female players (median, 0; IQR, 0-1; P = .007) during a match. The maximum PLAs incurred during a match were significantly higher in male players (median, 61.8 g; IQR, 40.5-87.1) compared with female players (median, 44.5 g; IQR, 33.6-74.8; P = .032). Neither player position nor experience was associated with HAE frequency. Of all verified HAEs, 52% (n = 110) occurred when neither team had possession of the football, and 46% (n = 98) were caused by contact from another player attempting to gain possession of the football. A subset of HAEs (n = 12; 5.7%) resulted in players seeking medical aid and/or being removed from the match (median PLA, 58.8 g; IQR, 34.0-89.0), with 2 (male) players diagnosed with concussion after direct head impacts and associated PLAs of 62 g and 75 g, respectively. In the setting of catching (marking) the football, female players exhibited twice the head impact rate (16 per 100 marking contests) than male players (8 per 100 marking contests). Conclusion: Playing situations in which players have limited control of the football are a common cause of impacts. Male players sustained a greater exposure to HAEs compared with female players. Female players, however, sustained higher exposure to HAEs than male players during certain skill executions, possibly reflecting differences in skill development. These findings can therefore inform match and skill development in the emerging professional women’s competition of Australian football.