bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
U.S. POLITICAL CORRUPTION AND LOAN PRICING
Authors: Hossain Ashrafee Tanvir , Kryzanowski Lawrence , Ma Xiao Bing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUsing U.S. Department of Justice data on state‐level political corruption, we find that banks charge higher loan spreads (all‐in‐drawn spreads) to firms in states with higher corruption and that these effects are more pronounced for firms facing financial constraints but less pronounced for firms experiencing greater external monitoring. These results are robust to additional controls, alternative corruption measures, a measure of the lack of oversight of lobbyist activities, and the use of instrumental variables. Overall, our findings are consistent with the harmful corruption environment hypothesis, which states that banks charge higher loan spreads to firms in states with greater political corruption environments as these firms are susceptible to making suboptimal financial decisions to fend off rent‐seeking behavior.
STOCK MARKET CONSEQUENCES OF POLITICAL VIBRANCY
Authors: Pantzalis Christos , Park Jung Chul 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe define areas with strong geographic ties to powerful politicians as politically vibrant and show that they are characterized by greater value‐relevant information generation and symptomatic of equity market segmentation. Political vibrancy entails greater levels of local bias and local comovement and has two important return predictability implications. First, it enhances local institutions’ informational advantages; their trades’ ability to forecast local stock returns exceeds that of nonlocal institutions. Second, in support of the view that information diffuses slowly into prices, stock returns of firms from politically vibrant areas predict returns of similar firms in other areas.
The Relationship between Polypharmacy and Physical Activity in Those with or at Risk of Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Thanoo Nivaas , Gilbert Abigail L. , Trainor Sean , Semanik Pamela A. , Song Jing , Lee Jungwha , Dunlop Dorothy D. , Chang Rowland W. 
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVESPhysical activity is associated with improved pain, functional status, and less disability in persons with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Because polypharmacy is related to several adverse health outcomes in older persons, we hypothesized that it might also be associated with decreased physical activity in those with KOA. This study evaluates the relationship between the number of prescription medications and weekly moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA).DESIGNWe used hierarchical median quantile regression analysis to examine the cross‐sectional association between the number of prescription medications taken in the past 30 days and the median objectively measured MVPA minutes controlling for demographic and clinical variables.SETTINGFour Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) recruitment centers in Providence, Rhode Island; Columbus, Ohio; Baltimore, Maryland; and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.PARTICIPANTSAccelerometer monitoring occurred in 2,127 OAI participants. Of these, 1,889 participants had 4 or more days of valid physical activity monitoring data and complete medication/covariate data. Data were collected at the 48‐month OAI follow‐up visit (2008‐2010).MEASUREMENTSThe outcome was weekly minutes of MVPA measured with an accelerometer. Number/type of prescribed medications and covariate data (age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, presence of comorbidities, pain, depressive symptoms, and radiographic KOA severity) were taken from the public OAI database. Polypharmacy was defined as taking five or more prescribed medications.RESULTSThe prevalence of polypharmacy in the study population was 28.2%. Each additional prescription medication was related to a decrease of 3.6 minutes (95% confidence interval [CI] = −4.8 to −2.1) in median weekly MVPA minutes. Participants meeting the polypharmacy criterion exhibited a decrease of 12.6 minutes (95% CI = −21.2 to −4.7) in median weekly MVPA minutes compared with those not meeting the criterion.CONCLUSIONAn increased number of prescription medications and polypharmacy are associated cross‐sectionally with decreased MVPA in adults with KOA. Further study is necessary to establish the causal nature of this association.
Riveting hammer vibration damages mechanosensory nerve endings
Authors: Zimmerman Jordan J. , Bain James L. W. , Wu Chaowen , Lindell Hans , Grétarsson Snævar L. , Riley Danny A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHand‐arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) is an irreversible neurodegenerative, vasospastic, and musculoskeletal occupational disease of workers who use powered hand tools. The etiology is poorly understood. Neurological symptoms include numbness, tingling, and pain. This study examines impact hammer vibration‐induced injury and recoverability of hair mechanosensory innervation. Rat tails were vibrated 12 min/d for 5 weeks followed by 5 week recovery with synchronous non‐vibrated controls. Nerve fibers were PGP9.5 immunostained. Lanceolate complex innervation was compared quantitatively in vibrated vs sham. Vibration peak acceleration magnitudes were characterized by frequency power spectral analysis. Average magnitude (2515 m/s2, root mean squared) in kHz frequencies was 109 times that (23 m/s2) in low Hz. Percentage of hairs innervated by lanceolate complexes was 69.1% in 5‐week sham and 53.4% in 5‐week vibration generating a denervation difference of 15.7% higher in vibration. Hair innervation was 76.9% in 5‐weeks recovery sham and 62.0% in 5‐week recovery vibration producing a denervation difference 14.9% higher in recovery vibration. Lanceolate number per complex (18.4 ± 0.2) after vibration remained near sham (19.3 ± 0.3), but 44.9% of lanceolate complexes were abnormal in 5 weeks vibrated compared to 18.8% in sham. The largest vibration energies are peak kHz accelerations (approximately 100 000 m/s2) from shock waves. The existing ISO 5349‐1 standard excludes kHz vibrations, seriously underestimating vibration injury risk. The present study validates the rat tail, impact hammer vibration as a model for investigating irreversible nerve damage. Persistence of higher denervation difference after 5‐week recovery suggests repeated vibration injury destroys the capability of lanceolate nerve endings to regenerate.
Gaming the system: Responses to dissatisfaction with public services beyond exit and voice
Authors: Peeters Rik , Gofen Anat , Meza Oliver 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCitizens' responses to dissatisfaction with public services are often portrayed as following one of four distinct patterns, each consistent with current provision structures: exit, voice, loyalty or neglect (EVLN). Citizens may also initiate efforts to access public services through more subversive supply mechanisms. This study focuses on ‘gaming’ as an additional, understudied response pattern, within which individuals aim at improving the personal outcome of public service delivery by exploiting, manipulating or working around current rules and arrangements. Survey analysis of citizens' responses to dissatisfaction in Mexico indicates that gaming is indeed a distinct response, which is positively related to the unavailability of exit and, to some extent, to low trust in government. As a response pattern that encompasses behaviours inconsistent with current policy arrangements, gaming emphasizes the need to distinguish service improvement as a public good as opposed to a private good and further unfolds ‘grey areas’ in citizen–government relationships.
Elevated serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and the metalloproteinase‐ADAMTS7 levels are associated with vascular calcification in maintenance hemodialysis patients
Authors: Zhao Wei , Wang Yue , Kong Wei , Zhao Hai‐Dan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundVascular calcification is common in maintenance hemodialysis (HD) patients. Recent studies showed that cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) could protect blood vessels from calcification, but the role of ADAMTS7 was opposite. We aimed to investigate the relationship between serum COMP, ADAMTS7 levels and vascular calcification scores in HD patients.MethodsSerum COMP and ADAMTS7 levels were tested by ELISA and we compared calcification scores between high and low COMP groups, also between high and low ADAMTS7 groups. We also investigated the differences of serum COMP and ADAMTS7 levels between mild and severe vascular calcification groups. The relationship between serum COMP and ADAMTS7 levels was analyzed in the end.ResultsSerum COMP and ADAMTS7 levels were both higher in HD patients than in control (29.63 vs 14.23 ng/mL, P = .002, 11.12 vs 2.40 ng/mL, P = .005). Serum COMP levels in severe vascular calcification (VC) group were higher than in mild VC (43.13 ± 28.77 vs 26.75 ± 18.22 ng/mL, P = .010). Serum ADAMTS7 levels were positively correlated with radial and digital arteries (small arteries) calcification scores (r = .249, P = .033). And serum COMP and ADAMTS7 levels were positively correlated (r = .348, P = .026).ConclusionsSerum COMP and ADAMTS7 levels were probably associated with vascular calcification scores in HD respectively.
A note on the gender reservation wage gap in developing countries
Authors: Khan Bilal Muhammad , Majid Muhammad Farhan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis is the first paper to document the existence of a gender reservation wage gap in developing countries. We find a 22.6% gender reservation wage gap, a gap that is much larger than current estimates for developed countries. Assets play the largest role in closing this gap, whereas adult height widens the gap among the poor.
Analytical Comparison of Two Multiscale Coupling Methods for Nonlinear Solid Mechanics
Authors: Koliesnikova Daria , Ramière Isabelle , Lebon Frédéric 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The aim of this work is to compare two existing multilevel computational approaches coming from two different families of multiscale methods in a nonlinear solid mechanics framework. A locally adaptive multigrid method and a numerical homogenization technique are considered. Both classes of methods aim to enrich a global model representing the structure’s behavior with more sophisticated local models depicting fine localized phenomena. It is clearly shown that even being developed with different vocations, such approaches reveal several common features. The main conceptual difference relying on the scale separation condition has finally a limited influence on the algorithmic aspects. Hence, this comparison enables to highlight a unified framework for multiscale coupling methods.
Study of Heat Transfer and Freezing Time-Temperature Behavior of Individual Pea Grains by Numerical and Experimental Methods
Authors: Sharma Manoj Kumar , Pratihar Anil Kumar 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The present research demonstrates an accurate and simple numerical model for heat transfer analysis within spherical peas when exposed to the cold air stream in a rectangular duct. The transient heat conduction equation (THCE) is solved for spherical shaped pea grains. A detailed numerical and experimental study of freezing time-temperature history for peas has been carried out. Thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity are measured experimentally. Temperature-dependent thermophysical properties are used in the transient temperature prediction of peas throughout the phase change process. Crank–Nicolson method has been used for the formulation of the numerical model. The effect of important parameters, viz., the initial temperature of peas, cooling air temperature, and cooling air velocity over pea samples has been studied both numerically as well as experimentally and it has been found that there is good agreement between numerical and experimental results. The correlation coefficient of linear regression, R2, between numerically predicted and experimental results, is found to be 0.987.
Open-Label Crossover Oral Bioequivalence Pharmacokinetics Comparison for a 3-Day Loading Dose Regimen and 15-Day Steady-State Administration of SUBA-Itraconazole and Conventional Itraconazole Capsules in Healthy Adults
Authors: Thompson George R. , Lewis Phoebe , Mudge Stuart , Patterson Thomas F. , Burnett Bruce P. 
Published: May 2020

Super bioavailability (SUBA) itraconazole (S-ITZ), which releases drug in the duodenum, and conventional itraconazole (C-ITZ), which releases drug in the stomach, were compared in two pharmacokinetic (PK) studies: a 3-day loading dose study and a 15-day steady-state administration study. These were crossover oral bioequivalence studies performed under fed conditions in healthy adult volunteers. In the loading dose study, C-ITZ (two doses of 100 mg each) and S-ITZ (two doses of 65 mg each) were administered three times daily for 3 days and once on day 4 (
n
= 15).
Children and young people’s concerns and needs relating to their use of health technology to self-manage long-term conditions: a scoping review
Authors: Blower Sarah , Swallow Veronica , Maturana Camila , Stones Simon , Phillips Robert , Dimitri Paul , Marshman Zoe , Knapp Peter , Dean Alexandra , Higgins Steven , Kellar Ian , Curtis Penny , Mills Nathaniel , Martin-Kerry Jacqueline 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundThe use of patient-facing health technologies to manage long-term conditions is increasing; however, children and young people may have particular concerns or needs before deciding to use different health technologies.AimsTo identify children and young people’s reported concerns or needs in relation to using health technologies to self-manage long-term conditions.MethodsA scoping review was conducted. We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO and CINAHL in February 2019. Searches were limited to papers published between January 2008 and February 2019. We included any health technology used to manage long-term conditions. A thematic synthesis of the data from the included studies was undertaken. We engaged children with long-term conditions (and parents) to support review design, interpretation of findings and development of recommendations.ResultsThirty-eight journal articles were included, describing concerns or needs expressed by n=970 children and/or young people aged 5–18 years. Most included studies were undertaken in high-income countries with children aged 11 years and older. Studies examined concerns with mobile applications (n=14), internet (n=9), social media (n=3), interactive online treatment programmes (n=3), telehealth (n=1), devices (n=3) or a combination (n=5). Children and young people’s main concerns were labelling and identity; accessibility; privacy and reliability; and trustworthiness of information.DiscussionThis review highlights important concerns that children and young people may have before using technology to self-manage their long-term condition. In future, research should involve children and young people throughout the development of technology, from identifying their unmet needs through to design and evaluation of interventions.
Behavior of viscoelastic models with thermal fluctuations
Authors: Hütter Markus , Carrozza Mick A. , Hulsen Martien A. , Anderson Patrick D. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract.
Fluctuating viscoelasticity for conformation-tensor-based models is studied at equilibrium, in simple-shear deformation, and in uniaxial extension. The models studied are the upper-convected Maxwell model, the FENE-P model with finite chain-extensibility, and the Giesekus model with anisotropic drag. Using numerical simulations, the models are compared in detail both with each other and with analytical predictions for the Maxwell model. At equilibrium, the models differ only marginally, both in terms of static and dynamic characteristics. When deformed, the average mechanical response of the Maxwell model is unaffected by the strength of thermal fluctuations, while the mechanical response of the FENE-P and Giesekus models show a slight decrease the stronger the fluctuations in simple shear, whereas the decrease in uniaxial extension is marginal. For all models, the standard deviation of the mechanical response increases with increasing strength of fluctuations, and the magnitude of the standard deviation relative to the average for given fluctuation strength generally decreases the stronger the deformation, this effect being stronger for uniaxial extension than for simple-shear deformation.

Graphical abstract
Interfacial fluid flow for systems with anisotropic roughness
Authors: Persson B. N. J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract.
I discuss fluid flow at the interface between solids with anisotropic roughness. I show that the Bruggeman effective medium theory and the critical junction theory give nearly the same results for the fluid flow conductivity. This shows that, in most cases, the surface roughness observed at high magnification is irrelevant for fluid flow problems such as the leakage of static seals, and fluid squeeze-out. The effective medium theory predicts that the fluid flow conductivity vanishes at the relative contact area A/A0 = 0.5 independent of the anisotropy. However, the effective medium theory does not solve the elastic contact mechanics problem but is based on a purely geometric argument. Thus, for anisotropic roughness the contact area may percolate at different values of A/A0 depending on the direction. We discuss how this may be taken into account in the effective medium and critical junction theories.

Graphical abstract
An Experimental Analysis of Security Vulnerabilities in Industrial IoT Devices
Authors: Jiang Xingbin , Lora Michele , Chattopadhyay Sudipta 
Published: May 2020

The revolutionary development of the Internet of Things has triggered a huge demand for Internet of Things devices. They are extensively applied to various fields of social activities, and concerning manufacturing, they are a key enabling concept for the Industry 4.0 ecosystem. Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) devices share common vulnerabilities with standard IoT devices, which are increasingly exposed to the attackers. As such, connected industrial devices may become sources of cyber, as well as physical, threats for people and assets in industrial environments.
In this work, we examine the attack surfaces of a networked embedded system, composed of devices representative of those typically used in the IIoT field. We carry on an analysis of the current state of the security of IIoT technologies. The analysis guides the identification of a set of attack vectors for the examined networked embedded system. We set up the corresponding concrete attack scenarios to gain control of the system actuators and perform some hazardous operations. In particular, we propose a couple of variations of Mirai attack specifically tailored for attacking industrial environments. Finally, we discuss some possible
Distributed Exact Shortest Paths in Sublinear Time
Authors: Elkin Michael 
Published: May 2020

The distributed single-source shortest paths problem is one of the most fundamental and central problems in the message-passing distributed computing. Classical Bellman-Ford algorithm solves it inO(n) time, wherenis the number of vertices in the input graphG. Peleg and Rubinovich [49] showed a lower bound of ˜Ω(D+ √n) for this problem, whereDis the hop-diameter ofG.Whether or not this problem can be solved inO(n) time whenDis relatively small is a major open question. Despite intensive research [10, 17, 33, 41, 45] that yielded near-optimal algorithms for theapproximatevariant of this problem, no progress was reported for the original problem.In this article, we answer this question in the affirmative. We devise an algorithm that requiresO((nlogn)5/6) time, forD=O(√nlogn), andO(D1/3⋅ (nlogn)2/3) time, for largerD. This running time is sublinear innin almost the entire range of parameters, specifically, forD=o(n/ log2n).We also generalize our result in two directions. One is when edges have bandwidthb≥ 1, and the other is thes-sources shortest paths problem. For both problems, our algorithm provides bounds that improve upon the previous state-of-the-art in almost the entire range of parameters. In particular, we provide an all-pairs shortest paths algorithm that requiresO(n5/3⋅ log2/3n) time, even forb= 1, for all values ofD.We also devise the first algorithm with non-trivial complexity guarantees for computing exact shortest paths in themultipass semi-streamingmodel of computation.From the technical viewpoint, our distributed algorithm computes a hopsetG′′of a skeleton graphG′ofGwithout first computingG′itself. We then conduct a Bellman-Ford exploration inG′∪G′′, while computing the required edges ofG′on the fly. As a result, our distributed algorithm computesexactlythose edges ofG′that it really needs, rather than computing approximately the entireG′.
Sobrevivendo no inferno
Authors: Cerruti Marta Quaglia 
Published: May 2020

E
Este trabalho se desenvolve a partir de três eixos. O primeiro é uma breve retomada do que Foucault define como a biopolítica. Em seguida apresentamos e contextualizamos uma ferramenta de análise criada pelo filósofo e cientista social camaronês Achille Mbembe, a necropolítica, que constitui uma importante atualização da crítica social foucaultiana para fenômenos das periferias do capitalismo. De forma mais específica, tomaremos como eixo argumentativo aquilo que alude à articulação entre a biopolítica, a produção da vida e de subjetividades adequadas à forma social capitalista, e a necropolítica, uma política centrada na produção da morte em larga escala. Por fim, a partir dessa análise, tomando como eixo a produção do grupo de rap Racionais MC´s, destacaremos duas figuras que emergem das margens das cidades e que são capazes de operar a transmissão: o sobrevivente e a memória. Estas figuras, além de testemunharem a política de morte, podem indicar alguma forma de tratamento possível.
Acute Stroke Care Is at Risk in the Era of COVID-19
Authors: Rudilosso Salvatore , Laredo Carlos , Vera Víctor , Vargas Martha , Renú Arturo , Llull Laura , Obach Víctor , Amaro Sergio , Urra Xabier , Torres Ferrán , Jiménez-Fàbrega Francesc Xavier , Chamorro Ángel 
Published: May 2020

Background and Purpose:
The purpose of the study is to analyze how the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affected acute stroke care in a Comprehensive Stroke Center.

Methods:
On February 28, 2020, contingency plans were implemented at Hospital Clinic of Barcelona to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. Among them, the decision to refrain from reallocating the Stroke Team and Stroke Unit to the care of patients with COVID-19. From March 1 to March 31, 2020, we measured the number of emergency calls to the Emergency Medical System in Catalonia (7.5 million inhabitants), and the Stroke Codes dispatched to Hospital Clinic of Barcelona. We recorded all stroke admissions, and the adequacy of acute care measures, including the number of thrombectomies, workflow metrics, angiographic results, and clinical outcomes. Data were compared with March 2019 using parametric or nonparametric methods as appropriate.

Results:

At Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 1232 patients with COVID-19 were admitted in March 2020, demanding 60% of the hospital bed capacity. Relative to March 2019, the Emergency Medical System had a 330% mean increment in the number of calls (158 005 versus 679 569), but fewer Stroke Code activations (517 versus 426). Stroke admissions (108 versus 83) and the number of thrombectomies (21 versus 16) declined at Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, particularly after lockdown of the population. Younger age was found in stroke admissions during the pandemic (median [interquartile range] 69 [64–73] versus 75 [73–80] years,
P
=0.009). In-hospital, there were no differences in workflow metrics, angiographic results, complications, or outcomes at discharge.

Conclusions:
The COVID-19 pandemic reduced by a quarter the stroke admissions and thrombectomies performed at a Comprehensive Stroke Center but did not affect the quality of care metrics. During the lockdown, there was an overload of emergency calls but fewer Stroke Code activations, particularly in elderly patients. Hospital contingency plans, patient transport systems, and population-targeted alerts must act concertedly to better protect the chain of stroke care in times of pandemic.