(Invited) Extreme Fast Charging of Lithium-Ion Battery: Understanding Bottlenecks and Safety Issues
Authors: Tanim Tanvir R , Dufek Eric J. , Evans Michael C , Dickerson Charles C , Liaw Boryann 
Published: February 2020

Currently, graphite-based lithium-ion battery (LIB) packs in the electric vehicle (EV) domain can accommodate a charging rate up to 2C, which translates into a 0.5 to 1h recharge time [1-2]. Reducing the recharge time down to 10-15 min range would reduce the gap between the internal combustion engine’s refueling time and EV’s recharge time. Minimizing this gap is seen as attractive to consumers and would eventually enhance the adoption of EVs [1-3]. Significant research activity has been going on globally to understand the scientific limitations associated with high rate charging [4-6].
Extreme fast charging (XFC) of Li-ion batteries can create LIB life and safety issues [1, 7]. Among the issues are shortened battery life and enhanced safety concerns due to potential short creation by Li dendrites [1-2]. The detection and monitoring of Li plating onset and evolution over aging is a significant challenge. In-operando detection schemes to understand the dynamics of Li plating and the role that aging has on Li plating are vital to enable fast charging of specific energy cells. A key to the effort would be understanding the interplay between materials, electrode structure, and use conditions.
This presentation will discuss the key bottlenecks of aggressive fast charging (~10 min). In particular, how extreme fast charging impacts individual battery components as well as the overall battery’s performance, life, and safety will be presented in light of experimental results and analysis. The effectiveness and challenges of in-operando electrochemical detection methods in aggressive charging conditions shall also be discussed.

References

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