bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endomaker, a new algorithm for fully automatic extraction of cranial endocasts and the calculation of their volumes
Authors: Profico Antonio , Buzi Costantino , Melchionna Marina , Veneziano Alessio , Raia Pasquale 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesReproducing cranial endocasts is a major goal of researchers interested in vertebrate brain evolution. We present a new R software, named endomaker, which allows the automatic extraction of endocasts from skull meshes along with the calculation of its volume.Materials and methodsWe applied endomaker on non‐primate and primate skulls including the Australopithecus africanus specimen Sts‐5.ResultsWe proved endomaker is faster, more feature‐rich and possibly more accurate than competing software.DiscussionEndomaker is the only available program endowed with the possibility to process an entire mesh directory straight away, promising to expand the scope and phylogenetic breadth of comparative studies of brain evolution.
Grindability, thermogravimetric characteristics, and kinetics analysis of semi‐biochar from coarse wood pyrolyzed in a fluidized bed
Authors: Zhang Lihui , Yang Xiaojun , Dongdong Fang , Duan Feng , Wang Ping 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFor the utilization of leftover materials from furniture factory, a two‐step pyrolysis, an initial treatment at mild temperature followed by a fast pyrolysis step, in a fluidized bed reactor was proposed in this study. The grindability of semi‐biochar samples after the mild temperature pyrolysis was studied. The fast pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics parameters of the semi‐biochar samples were also investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. Results showed that an improvement in the grindability characteristics was observed. The grinding of semi‐biochars that do not completely devolatilize mainly produces a mixture of fine particles and small fragments, whereas the semi‐biochars that completely devolatilize have good grinding characteristic, and the main ground products are short and round particles. Most differential thermogravimetric (DTG) curves of the semi‐biochar samples presented two peaks and four common stages. With increase of the temperature or residence time in mild temperature treatment process, the decomposition intensity of hemicellulose and cellulose in grinding residues decreased gradually, while the decomposition intensity of lignin changed little. Peak DTG value ranging from 4%/min to 6%/min can be adopted to estimate the optimal operation condition for mild temperature pyrolysis. Three‐dimensional diffusion model can accurately describe the fast pyrolysis of semi‐biochar.
Library cultures of data curation: Adventures in astronomy
Authors: Darch Peter T. , Sands Ashley E. , Borgman Christine L. , Golshan Milena S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUniversity libraries are partnering with disciplinary data producers to provide long‐term digital curation of research data sets. Managing data set producer expectations and guiding future development of library services requires understanding the decisions libraries make about curatorial activities, why they make these decisions, and the effects on future data reuse. We present a study, comprising interviews (n = 43) and ethnographic observation, of two university libraries who partnered with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) collaboration to curate a significant astronomy data set. The two libraries made different choices of the materials to curate and associated services, which resulted in different reuse possibilities. Each of the libraries offered partial solutions to the SDSS leaders' objectives. The libraries' approaches to curation diverged due to contextual factors, notably the extant infrastructure at their disposal (including technical infrastructure, staff expertise, values and internal culture, and organizational structure). The Data Transfer Process case offers lessons in understanding how libraries choose curation paths and how these choices influence possibilities for data reuse. Outcomes may not match data producers' initial expectations but may create opportunities for reusing data in unexpected and beneficial ways.
How do atomic code uncertainties affect abundance measurements in the intracluster medium?
Authors: Mernier François , Werner Norbert , Lakhchaura Kiran , de Plaa Jelle , Gu Liyi , Kaastra Jelle S. , Mao Junjie , Simionescu Aurora , Urdampilleta Igone 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAccurate chemical abundance measurements of X‐ray‐emitting atmospheres pervading massive galaxies, galaxy groups, and clusters provide essential information on the star formation and chemical enrichment histories of these large‐scale structures. Although the collisionally ionized nature of the intracluster medium (ICM) makes these abundance measurements relatively easy, the underlying spectral models can rely on different atomic codes, which brings additional uncertainties on the inferred abundances. Here we provide a simple, yet comprehensive comparison between the codes SPEXACT v3.0.5 (ciemodel) and AtomDB v3.0.9 (vapecmodel) in the case of moderate, charged‐coupled device‐like resolution spectroscopy. We show that in cool plasmas (kT ≲ 2 keV), systematic differences up to ∼20% for the Fe abundance and ∼45% for the O/Fe, Mg/Fe, Si/Fe, and S/Fe ratios may still occur. Importantly, these discrepancies are also found to be instrument‐dependent, at least for the absolute Fe abundance. Future improvements in these two codes will be necessary to better address questions on ICM enrichment.
Exploring Social Subtypes in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Uljarević Mirko , Phillips Jennifer M. , Schuck Rachel K. , Schapp Salena , Solomon Elizabeth M. , Salzman Emma , Allerhand Lauren , Libove Robin A. , Frazier Thomas W. , Hardan Antonio Y. 
Published: March 2020

Impairments in social functioning are considered a hallmark diagnostic feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Yet, individuals diagnosed with ASD vary widely with respect to specific presentation, severity, and course across different dimensions of this complex symptom domain. The aim of this investigation was to utilize the Stanford Social Dimensions Scale (SSDS), a newly developed quantitative measure providing parental perspective on their child's social abilities, in order to explore the existence of homogeneous subgroups of ASD individuals who share unique profiles across specific dimensions of the social domain. Parents of 164 individuals with ASD (35 females, 129 males; meanage = 7.54 years, SD = 3.85) completed the SSDS, the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS‐2) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Data on children's verbal and nonverbal intellectual functioning (FSIQ) were also collected. The Latent Profile Analysis was used to classify participants according to the pattern of SSDS subscale scores (Social Motivation, Social Affiliation, Expressive Social Communication, Social Recognition, and Unusual Approach). Five profiles were identified. Profiles did not differ in terms of chronological age nor gender distribution but showed distinct patterns of strengths and weaknesses across different social components rather than simply reflecting a severity gradient. Profiles were further differentiated in terms of cognitive ability, as well as ASD and internalizing symptom severity. The implications of current findings and the necessary further steps toward identifying subgroups of individuals with ASD who share particular constellation of strengths and weaknesses across key social domains as a way of informing personalized interventions are discussed. Autism Res 2020. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryPeople with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) vary greatly in terms of their social abilities and social motivation. However, researchers lack measures that can fully assess different components of social functioning. This paper provides initial evidence for capturing subgroups of individuals with ASD with specific strengths and weakness across different aspects of social functioning. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1335–1342. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Zerstörungsfreie Bestimmung der Auslaugung von Beton mittels einseitiger Wasserstoff‐Kernspinresonanz
Authors: Schulte Holthausen Robert , Raupach Michael , Merkel Melanie , Breit Wolfgang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUnter gewöhnlichen Bedingungen sind zementgebundene Baustoffe in Trinkwasser beständig. Sehr weiches bzw. kalkarmes Wasser kann jedoch die Dauerhaftigkeit von Betonoberflächen beeinträchtigen. Auslaugungsprozesse zwischen Werkstoff und Wasser führen langfristig zur Aufweichung der Oberfläche und der einhergehende Alkalitätsverlust kann bei unzureichender Betondeckung zur Korrosion der Bewehrung führen. In einer zuvor in der Bautechnik vorgestellten Studie wurde der Widerstand von Betonoberflächen gegenüber Auslaugung in Trinkwasser untersucht. Darauf aufbauend werden hier Messergebnisse mittels einseitiger Wasserstoff‐Kernspinresonanz vorgestellt, die einen vertieften Einblick in die zeit‐ und tiefenabhängige Porositätsänderung bei der Auslaugung von Betonoberflächen erlauben. Auf Basis einer neu entwickelten Auswertungsmethodik werden aus den Messungen quantitativ Schädigungstiefen abgeleitet. Die erfassten Strukturänderungen innerhalb des Zementsteins erlauben direkte Rückschlüsse auf die bei der Auslaugung aufeinanderfolgenden Schädigungsprozessen.
Frische Meeresbrise – Atemübungen für eine außergewöhnliche Fassade in San Francisco
Authors: Nuiding Xaver , Lorenz Thomas , Herreiner Philipp , Engelmann Michael 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDie Atmung ist essenzielle Grundlage des Lebens. Überträgt man diesen Gedanken, kommt es nicht selten vor, dass auch Gebäude als Lebewesen beschrieben werden. Sie atmen über ihre Außenhaut – über die Fassade. In diesem Sinn entstand eine atmende Fassadenfläche für ein Tech‐Unternehmen in San Francisco. SHoP Architects entwarfen den halb klimatisierten Atriumraum „The Commons“ innerhalb der äußeren verglasten Hülle, welcher gleich einem Lebewesen seinen Brustkorb sanft hebt und senkt, indem eine zentrale Steuerung eine Vielzahl von Fensterflügeln öffnet und schließt.Um diesen Raum zu belüften, entwickelte der Fassadenspezialist Josef Gartner motorisch betriebene Doppel‐Faltfenster mit 3,0 m Breite und 4,4 m Höhe. In Verbindung mit bedienbaren Skylights entstehen angenehme Temperaturen im Atrium und reduzieren den Bedarf an mechanischer Lüftung deutlich.Eine Untersuchung kinematischer Optionen führt im Ergebnis zur Entwicklung neuer Doppel‐Vertikal‐Hybridrollen in sichtbaren Schienen zum Eigenlastabtrag. Für die notwendige Seitenstabilität sorgen beidseitig montierte Scherenarme, die ein einseitiges seitliches Ausweichen des Fensters über den gesamten Öffnungshub, welcher 155 s dauert, verhindern. Alle Komponenten, insbesondere der synchronisierte Kettenantrieb und ein linearer Verriegelungsantrieb mit drei Doppelklauen, sind in den Mittelpfosten verdeckt eingebaut. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die technische und gestalterische Entwicklung dieser dynamischen Fassade.
Carbon‐Seilnetzfassaden
Authors: Schlaich Mike , Burghartz Anne K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCarbonfasern eignen sich aufgrund ihrer hohen Zugfestigkeit ausgezeichnet für zugbeanspruchte Tragwerke. Besonders hochvorgespannte Seilnetze, bei denen bei orthogonaler Belastung hohe Rückstellkräfte aktiviert werden können, erlauben es, das Potenzial dieser Hochleistungsfasern voll auszuschöpfen. Ausgehend von der Erfahrung mit verglasten Stahlseilnetzfassaden wurde deshalb ein neuartiger Fassadentyp mit Seilen aus carbonfaserverstärktem Kunststoff (CFK) entwickelt. Das gesamte Tragwerk dieser neuartigen Fassade, ein Netz aus hochvorgespannten und sehr dünnen Carbonzuggliedern, ist in den Fugen zwischen den Glasscheiben untergebracht. So liegen die Carbonseile geschützt im Silikon, wodurch gleichzeitig eine Glasfassade ohne sichtbares Tragwerk entsteht.In diesem Beitrag werden sowohl der Entwurf und die konstruktive Durchbildung einer solchen Fassade beschrieben als auch die vielversprechenden Erkenntnisse und Ergebnisse aus den Versuchen an einem Prototyp vorgestellt.
Dünnglas in der Fassade
Authors: Kothe Christiane , Bodenko Anna , Nicklisch Felix , Louter Christian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDünnglas ist das beliebteste Displaymaterial für Smartphones und Tablets. Es bietet sich aber auch für neuartige Glasanwendungen im Bauwesen an. Aufgrund seiner hohen Festigkeit und der geringen Dicke (0,1–2 mm) ist Dünnglas sehr flexibel, leicht und einfach biegbar, weshalb es ein attraktives Material für Fassadenanwendungen darstellt. Dünnglas kann jedoch herkömmliche Fassadenverglasungen nicht einfach ersetzen. Um zu hohe Verformungen der Verglasung infolge der hohen Flexibilität zu vermeiden, muss diese versteift werden. Eine aussichtsreiche Idee ist die Verwendung von Sandwichelementen, die aus zwei dünnen Glasscheiben mit einem inneren Polymerkern bestehen. Um den Vorteil des geringen Gewichts solcher Dünnglas‐Fassadenelemente zu erhalten, sollen 3‐D‐gedruckte Polymerstrukturen anstelle eines massiven Polymerkerns zum Einsatz kommen. Die vorliegende Studie widmet sich der Untersuchung von geeigneten Klebstoffen für die adhäsive Verbindung der 3‐D‐gedruckten Polymerstruktur mit dem Dünnglas. Die mechanischen und thermomechanischen Eigenschaften verschiedener Kombinationen typischer 3‐D‐druckbarer Polymere und transparenter Klebstoffe wurden im Hinblick auf Temperatur‐ und UV‐Belastungen in der Fassade analysiert und bewertet.
Optimizing the design of invasive placebo interventions in randomized controlled trials
Authors: Cousins S , Blencowe N S , Tsang C , Chalmers K , Mardanpour A , Carr A J , Campbell M K , Cook J A , Beard D J , Blazeby J M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Placebo-controlled trials play an important role in the evaluation of healthcare interventions. However, they can be challenging to design and deliver for invasive interventions, including surgery. In-depth understanding of the component parts of the treatment intervention is needed to ascertain what should, and should not, be delivered as part of the placebo. Assessment of risk to patients and strategies to ensure that the placebo effectively mimics the treatment are also required. To date, no guidance exists for the design of invasive placebo interventions. This study aimed to develop a framework to optimize the design and delivery of invasive placebo interventions in RCTs.

Methods
A preliminary framework was developed using published literature to: expand the scope of an existing typology, which facilitates the deconstruction of invasive interventions; and identify placebo optimization strategies. The framework was refined after consultation with key stakeholders in surgical trials, consensus methodology and medical ethics.

Results
The resulting DITTO framework consists of five stages: deconstruct treatment intervention into constituent components and co-interventions; identify critical surgical element(s); take out the critical element(s); think risk, feasibility and role of placebo in the trial when considering remaining components; and optimize placebo to ensure effective blinding of patients and trial personnel.

Conclusion
DITTO considers invasive placebo composition systematically, accounting for risk, feasibility and placebo optimization. Use of the framework can support the design of high-quality RCTs, which are needed to underpin delivery of healthcare interventions.
Perianal block with ropivacaine as a supplement to anaesthesia in proctological surgery: double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial (PERCEPT)
Authors: Rotigliano N , Füglistaler I , Guenin M-O , Dursunoglu G-B , Freiermuth D , von Flüe M , Steinemann D C 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
The benefit of a perianal block as an adjunct to general or regional anaesthesia is debated. This RCT aimed to compare pain at 24 h and up to 14 days after proctological surgery in patients with and without a perianal block.

Methods
Between January 2018 and April 2019, patients were allocated to receive a perianal block with ropivacaine or placebo as an adjunct to anaesthesia. Patients, surgeons and assessors were blinded. The primary outcome was pain measured on a numerical rating scale (NRS) after 24 h. Secondary outcomes were need for rescue analgesia, and pain after 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 h. The mean, rest and maximum NRS scores were measured for 14 days.

Results
A total of 138 patients were included, of whom 46 and 44 received general anaesthesia with or without ropivacaine respectively, and 23 and 25 received spinal anaesthesia with or without ropivacaine respectively (P = 0·858). The mean NRS score differed significantly at 24 h (mean(s.d.) 1·1(0·1) versus 2·3(0·2); P &lt; 0·001), but not at 1 h (1·4(0·2) versus 2·2(0·3); P = 0·051). The NRS score was lower with use of ropivacaine at 2 h (1·0(0·2) versus 1·6(0·2); P = 0·045), 3 h (0·9(0·2) versus 1·5(0·2); P = 0·022), 6 h (1·1(0·2) versus 1·8(0·2); P = 0·042) and 12 h (1·2(0·2) versus 1·8(0·2); P = 0·034). The use of oral morphine equivalents was 10·2(1·4) and 16·6(2·5) mg with and without ropivacaine respectively (P = 0·028). The mean and maximum NRS scores within 14 days were lower when ropivacaine was used (95 per cent c.i. for difference 0·14 to 0·49 (P = 0·002) and 0·39 to 0·63 (P &lt; 0·001) respectively). There was no injection-associated morbidity.

Conclusion
Perianal block as an adjunct to general or regional anaesthesia should be recommended for proctological surgery. It yields a reduction in pain, a reduced need for opioids, and a faster recovery with minimal risk of adverse events. Registration number: NCT03405922 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Mechanistic model of pH and excipient concentration during ultrafiltration and diafiltration processes of therapeutic antibodies
Authors: Ladwig Justin E. , Zhu XiaoXiang , Rolandi Pablo , Hart Roger , Robinson John , Rydholm Amber 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUltrafiltration and diafiltration (UF/DF) unit operations are widely used for the manufacture of therapeutic antibodies to control drug substance protein concentration, pH, and excipient properties. During UF/DF, molecular interactions and volume exclusion effects often lead to substantial differences in pH and excipient concentrations between the diafiltration buffer and final UF/DF pool. These differences complicate the design process beyond simply specifying a buffer with the desired drug substance pH and excipient conditions. This article describes a UF/DF process model which dynamically and accurately simulates UF/DF retentate pool pH and excipient conditions throughout the UF/DF process. This multiscale model accounts for microscopic descriptions of ion‐protein charge interactions using the Poisson–Boltzmann equation as well as macroscopic descriptions of volume exclusion and mass transfer. Model predictions of the final UF/DF pool properties were experimentally verified through comparisons to design of experiment (DoE) data from four monoclonal antibody (mAb) processes, each with differing formulations and UF/DF operating conditions. Additionally, model simulations of the retentate pool properties throughout the UF/DF process were verified for two mAb processes through comparisons to experimental data collected at intermediate process points. Model results were qualified, using statistical equivalence tests, against the outputs from large‐scale GMP runs which confirmed that the model accurately captures large‐scale process performance. Finally, the model was applied toward the simulation of process scenarios beyond those examined experimentally. These in‐silico experiments demonstrate the model's capability as a tool for augmented process design and it is potential to reduce the extent of UF/DF laboratory experiments.
Clofarabine, cytarabine, and mitoxantrone in refractory/relapsed acute myeloid leukemia: High response rates and effective bridge to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Gill Harinder , Yim Rita , Pang Herbert H. , Lee Paul , Chan Thomas S. Y. , Hwang Yu‐Yan , Leung Garret M. K. , Ip Ho‐Wan , Leung Rock Y. Y. , Yip Sze‐Fai , Kho Bonnie , Lee Harold K. K. , Mak Vivien , Chan Chi‐Chung , Lau June S. M. , Lau Chi‐Kuen , Lin Shek‐Yin , Wong Raymond S. M. , Li Wa , Ma Edmond S. K. , Li Jun , Panagiotou Gianni , Sim Joycelyn P. Y. , Lie Albert K. W. , Kwong Yok‐Lam 
Published: March 2020

AbstractClofarabine is active in refractory/relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this phase 2 study, we treated 18‐ to 65‐year‐old AML patients refractory to first‐line 3 + 7 daunorubicin/cytarabine induction or relapsing after 3 + 7 induction and high‐dose cytarabine consolidation, with clofarabine (30 mg/m2/d, Days 1‐5), cytarabine (750 mg/m2/d, Days 1‐5), and mitoxantrone (12 mg/m2/d, Days 3‐5) (CLAM). Patients achieving remission received up to two consolidation cycles of 50% CLAM, with eligible cases bridged to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). The mutational profile of a 69‐gene panel was evaluated. Twenty‐six men and 26 women at a median age of 46 (22‐65) years were treated. The overall response rate after the first cycle of CLAM was 90.4% (complete remission, CR: 69.2%; CR with incomplete hematologic recovery, CRi: 21.2%). Twenty‐two CR/CRi patients underwent allo‐HSCT. The 2‐year overall survival (OS), relapse‐free survival (RFS), and event‐free survival (EFS) were 65.8%, 45.7%, and 40.2%, respectively. Multivariate analyses showed that superior OS was associated with CR after CLAM (P = .005) and allo‐HSCT (P = .005), and superior RFS and EFS were associated with allo‐HSCT (P < .001). Remarkably, CR after CLAM and allo‐HSCT resulted in 2‐year OS of 84.3% and 90%, respectively. Karyotypic aberrations and genetic mutations did not influence responses or survivals. Grade 3/4 neutropenia/thrombocytopenia and grade 3 febrile neutropenia occurred in all cases. Other nonhematologic toxicities were mild and uncommon. There was no treatment‐related mortality and the performance of allo‐HSCT was not compromised. Clofarabine, cytarabine, and mitoxantrone was highly effective and safe in refractory/relapsed AML. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02686593).