bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing the Performance of CsPbI3-Based Perovskite Solar Cells via Doping a ZnO Electron Transport Layer Coupled with Interface Engineering
Authors: Yue Man , Su Jie , Zhao Peng , Lin Zhenhua , Zhang Jincheng , Chang Jingjing , Hao Yue 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Interface engineering has been regarded as an effective and noninvasive means to optimize the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, doping engineering of a ZnO electron transport layer (ETL) and CsPbI3/ZnO interface engineering via introduction of an interfacial layer are employed to improve the performances of CsPbI3-based PSCs. The results show that when introducing a TiO2 buffer layer while increasing the ZnO layer doping concentration, the open-circuit voltage, power conversion efficiency, and fill factor of the CsPbI3-based PSCs can be improved to 1.31 V, 21.06%, and 74.07%, respectively, which are superior to those of PSCs only modified by the TiO2 buffer layer or high-concentration doping of ZnO layer. On the one hand, the buffer layer relieves the band bending and structural disorder of CsPbI3. On the other hand, the increased doping concentration of the ZnO layer improves the conductivity of the TiO2/ZnO bilayer ETL because of the strong interaction between the TiO2 and ZnO layers. However, such phenomena are not observed for those of a PCBM/ZnO bilayer ETL because of the weak interlayer interaction of the PCBM/ZnO interface. These results provide a comprehensive understanding of the CsPbI3/ZnO interface and suggest a guideline to design high-performance PSCs.
TOPDRIVER: the novel identifier of cancer driver genes in Gastric cancer and Melanoma
Authors: Razavi Seyed Mohammad , Rami Farzaneh , Razavi Seyede Houri , Eslahchi Changiz 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNowadays, research has found a strong relationship between genomic status and occurrence of disease. Cancer is one of the most common diseases that leads to a high annual mortality rate worldwide, and the disease’s genetic content remains challenging. Detecting driver genes of different cancers could help in early diagnosis and treatment. In this paper, we proposed TOPDRIVER, a network-based algorithm, to detect cancer driver genes in cancers. An initial network was constructed by integrating four different omic datasets: HPRD, NCBI, KEGG, and GTEx. This integration created a gene similarity profile that provided a comprehensive perspective of gene interaction in each subtype of cancer and allocated weights to the edges of the network. The vertex scores were calculated using a gene-disease association dataset (DisGeNet) and a molecular functional disease similarity. In this step, the genes network was jagged and faced with a zero-one gap problem. A diffusion kernel was implemented to smooth the vertex scores to overcome this problem. Finally, potential driver genes were extracted according to the topology of the network, genes overall biological functions, and their involvement in cancer pathways. TOPDRIVER has been applied to two subtypes of gastric cancer and one subtype of melanoma. The method could nominate a considerable number of well-known driver genes of these cancers and also introduce novel driver genes. NKX3-1, KIDINS220, and RIPK4 have introduced for gastrointestinal cancer, UBA3, UBE2M, and RRAGA for hereditary gastric cancer and CIT for invasive melanoma. Biological evidences represents TOPDRIVER’s efficiency in a subtype-specific manner.
Reducing flow separation of an inclined plate via travelling waves
Authors: Akbarzadeh A. M. , Borazjani I. 
Published: October 2019

Many aquatic animals propel themselves by generating backward traveling waves over their body, which is thought to reattach the flow when the wave speed ($C=\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}f$, where$\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}$is wavelength and$f$is frequency) is larger than the swimming speed ($U$). This has inspired the use of travelling waves, which have recently been generated at low amplitudes using smart materials, to reduce flow separation on an inclined plate. To see if low-amplitude travelling waves (amplitude approximately 0.01 of chord length$L$) can reduce the separation on an inclined plate, large-eddy simulations are performed. The simulations are carried out for Reynolds number ($Re$) 20 000 and an angle of attack of$10^{\circ }$with different wavelengths and frequencies. The travelling waves at a low reduced frequency ($f^{\ast }=fL/U=6$and$\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}^{\ast }=\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}/L=0.2$, where$U$is free-stream velocity) do not affect the flow separation and aerodynamic performance compared to the flat inclined plate. Nevertheless, increasing the wave speed by increasing the reduced frequency to 20 and 30 reduces flow separation. However, increasing the wave speed by increasing the wavelength, in contrast to the common belief, does not monotonically reduce the flow separation. In fact, increasing the wave speed by increasing the wavelength from 0.15 to 0.5 at constant frequency$f^{\ast }=20$increases the separation, but increasing from 0.5 to 1.0 and 2.0, interestingly, reduces flow separation. These observations indicate that the wave speed is not the only parameter for flow reattachment, but both wavelength and frequency individually impact flow separation by affecting two competing but interconnected mechanisms: the axial momentum, imparted onto the fluid by the undulations, tends to reattach the flow but the lateral velocity tends to detach it. In fact, increasing$f^{\ast }$and$\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}^{\ast }$increases both the axial momentum and the lateral velocity, which are competing to attach and detach the flow, respectively.
Shear thickening of a non-colloidal suspension with a viscoelastic matrix
Authors: Vázquez-Quesada Adolfo , Español Pep , Tanner Roger I. , Ellero Marco 
Published: October 2019

We study the rheology of a non-colloidal suspension of rigid spherical particles interacting with a viscoelastic matrix. Three-dimensional numerical simulations under shear flow are performed using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method and compared with experimental data available in the literature using different constant-viscosity elastic Boger fluids. The rheological properties of the Boger matrices are matched in simulation under viscometric flow conditions. Suspension rheology under dilute to semi-concentrated conditions (i.e. up to solid volume fraction $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}=0.3$) is explored. It is found that at small Deborah numbers $De$ (based on the macroscopic imposed shear rate), relative suspension viscosities $\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}_{r}$ exhibit a plateau at every concentration investigated. By increasing $De$, shear thickening is observed, which is related to the extensional thickening of the underlying viscoelastic matrix. Under dilute conditions ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}=0.05$), numerical results for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}_{r}$ agree quantitatively with experimental data in both the $De$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$ dependences. Even under dilute conditions, simulations of full many-particle systems with no a priori specification of their spatial distribution need to be considered to recover precisely experimental values. By increasing the solid volume fraction towards $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}=0.3$, despite the fact that the trend is well captured, the agreement remains qualitative with discrepancies arising in the absolute values of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}_{r}$ obtained from simulations and experiments but also with large deviations existing among different experiments. With regard to the specific mechanism of elastic thickening, the microstructural analysis shows that elastic thickening correlates well with the average viscoelastic dissipation function $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}^{elast}$, requiring a scaling as $\langle \unicode[STIX]{x1D703}^{elast}\rangle \sim De^{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}}$ with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}\geqslant 2$ to take place. Locally, despite the fact that regions of large polymer stretching (and viscoelastic dissipation) can occur everywhere in the domain, flow regions uniquely responsible for the elastic thickening are well correlated to areas with significant extensional component.
Knowledge Sources and International Business Activity in a Changing Innovation Ecosystem: A Study of the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Sahasranamam Sreevas , Rentala Satyanarayana , Rose Elizabeth L. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe Indian pharmaceutical industry has experienced rapid growth, becoming the world's largest provider of generic drugs, based on product and process innovation. The industry has undergone dynamic changes in recent decades, operating in a rapidly evolving environment affected by domestic and global policies; a key example of the latter is the TRIPS agreement. Taking an intellectual property perspective, we describe how changes in the innovation ecosystem have affected companies’ strategies related to international activity and accessing knowledge from both internal and external knowledge sources, during the transitional- and post-TRIPS periods (1995–2004 and 2005–2014, respectively). Combining intellectual property arguments with contextual aspects of the innovation ecosystem, we conjecture that, in the post-TRIPS period, externally-sourced knowledge will be more important than internally-sourced knowledge, for Indian pharmaceutical firms’ international business activity.
Computer-based tailored dietary counselling improves the nutrient adequacy of the diet of French pregnant women: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Bianchi Clélia M. , Mariotti François , Lluch Anne , Journet Claire , Stehr Yaëlle , Beaussier Hélène , Fournier Julien , Dervaux Stéphane , Cohen-Tanuggi Dylan , Reulet Elodie , Verger Eric O. , Azria Elie , Huneau Jean-François 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDuring pregnancy, mothers-to-be should adapt their diet to meet increases in nutrient requirements. Pregnant women appear to be keener to adopt healthier diets, but are not always successful. The objective of the present study was to determine whether a guided, stepwise and tailored dietary counselling programme, designed using an optimisation algorithm, could improve the nutrient adequacy of the diet of pregnant women, beyond generic guidelines. Pregnant women (n 80) who attended Notre-Dame-de-Bon-Secours Maternity Clinic were randomly allocated to the control or intervention arm. Dietary data were obtained twice from an online 3-d dietary record. The nutrient adequacy of the diet was calculated using the PANDiet score, a 100-point diet quality index adapted to the specific nutrient requirements for pregnancy. Women were supplied with generic dietary guidelines in a reference booklet. In the intervention arm, they also received nine sets of tailored dietary advice identified by an optimisation algorithm as best improving their PANDiet score. Pregnant women (n 78) completed the 12-week dietary follow-up. Initial PANDiet scores were similar in the control and intervention arms (60·4 (sd 7·3) v. 60·3 (sd 7·3), P = 0·92). The PANDiet score increased in the intervention arm (+3·6 (sd 9·3), P = 0·02) but not in the control arm (−0·3 (sd 7·3), P = 0·77), and these changes differed between arms (P = 0·04). In the intervention arm, there were improvements in the probabilities of adequacy for α-linolenic acid, thiamin, folate and cholesterol intakes (P < 0·05). Tailored dietary counselling using a computer-based algorithm is more effective than generic dietary counselling alone in improving the nutrient adequacy of the diet of French women in mid-pregnancy.
Comparing saliva and urine samples for measuring breast milk intake with the2H oxide dose-to-mother technique among children 2–4 months old
Authors: Matsiko Eric , Hulshof Paul J. M. , van der Velde Laura , Kenkhuis Marlou-Floor , Tuyisenge Lisine , Melse-Boonstra Alida 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSaliva and urine are the two main body fluids sampled when breast milk intake is measured with the2H oxide dose-to-mother technique. However, these two body fluids may generate different estimates of breast milk intake due to differences in isotope enrichment. Therefore, we aimed to assess how the estimated amount of breast milk intake differs when based on saliva and urine samples and to explore whether the total energy expenditure of the mothers is related to breast milk output. We used a convenience sample of thirteen pairs of mothers and babies aged 2–4 months, who were exclusively breastfed and apparently healthy. To assess breast milk intake, we administered doubly labelled water to the mothers and collected saliva samples from them, while simultaneously collecting both saliva and urine from their babies over a 14-d period. Isotope ratio MS was used to analyse the samples for2H and18O enrichments. Mean breast milk intake based on saliva samples was significantly higher than that based on urine samples (854·5v. 812·8 g/d,P= 0·029). This can be attributed to slightly higher isotope enrichments in saliva and to a poorer model fit for urine samples as indicated by a higher square root of the mean square error (14·6v. 10·4 mg/kg,P= 0·001). Maternal energy expenditure was not correlated with breast milk output. Our study suggests that saliva sampling generates slightly higher estimates of breast milk intake and is more precise as compared with urine and that maternal energy expenditure does not influence breast milk output.
The role of narrow-band imaging in parathyroid surgery: a preliminary evaluation in five parathyroid adenoma cases
Authors: Saibene A M , Bulfamante A M , Lozza P , De Pasquale L 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundNarrow-band imaging uses selective haemoglobin light absorption to emphasise vascular visualisation and capillary networks.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the application of this technique to parathyroid surgery.MethodThis preliminary evaluation was carried out on five consecutive patients with single parathyroid adenoma being considered for minimally invasive video-assisted parathyroidectomy. The adenomas were checked for narrow-band imaging vascular patterns. Minimally invasive video-assisted parathyroidectomy was then carried out in accordance with our standard protocol.ResultsIn four out of the five cases, narrow-band imaging integrated the white endoscopic light and direct vision, but in one case narrow-band imaging allowed distinction between the hidden neoplastic tissue and the surrounding structures thanks to the different vascular patterns.ConclusionNarrow-band imaging was helpful in properly identifying adenoma. It is suggested that this technique be considered as a means for surgeons to improve their confidence in selected surgical treatments and to improve treatment quality.
Antipsychotic drugs v. barbiturates or benzodiazepines used as active placebos for schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Siafis Spyridon , Deste Giacomo , Ceraso Anna , Mussoni Christian , Vita Antonio , Hasanagic Senad , Schneider-Thoma Johannes , Papazisis Georgios , Davis John M , Leucht Stefan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundComparisons of antipsychotics with placebo can be biased by unblinding due to side effects. Therefore, this meta-analysis compared the efficacy of antipsychotics for acute schizophrenia in trials using barbiturates or benzodiazepines as active placebos.MethodsRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) in acute schizophrenia with at least 3 weeks duration and comparing any antipsychotic with barbiturates or benzodiazepines were eligible. ClinicalTrials.gov, CENTRAL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, WHO-ICTRP as well as previous reviews were searched up to 9 January 2018. Two separate meta-analyses, one for barbiturates and one for benzodiazepines, were conducted using random-effects models. The primary outcome was response to treatment, and mean values of schizophrenia rating scales and dropouts were analyzed as secondary outcomes. This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018086263).ResultsSeven barbiturate-RCTs (number of participants n = 1736), and two benzodiazepine-RCTs (n = 76) were included in the analysis. The studies were published between 1960 and 1968 and involved mainly chronically ill patients. More patients on antipsychotics in comparison to barbiturates achieved a ‘good’ response (36.2% v. 16.8%; RR 2.15; 95% CI 1.36–3.41; I2 = 48.9) and ‘any’ response (57.4% v. 27.8%; RR 2.07; 95% CI 1.35–3.18; I2 = 68.2). In a single small trial (n = 60), there was no difference between antipsychotics and benzodiazepines on ‘any’ response (74.7% v. 65%; RR 1.15; 95% CI 0.82–1.62).ConclusionsAntipsychotic drugs were more efficacious than barbiturates, based on a large sample size. Response ratios were similar to those observed in placebo-controlled trials. The results on benzodiazepines were inconclusive due to the small number of studies and participants.
THE CURRENT ACCOUNT OF THE SPANISH ECONOMY, 1850-2016: WAS IT OPTIMAL?
Authors: Bajo-Rubio Oscar , Esteve Vicente 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTWe analyse the possible optimality of the path followed by the current account of the Spanish economy over a very long period of almost 170 years (1850-2016), according to the intertemporal approach to the current account and using a present-value model. In particular, from the estimation of a bivariate vector autoregression model for the current account, we attempt to assess the extent to which the latter has been used to smooth private consumption over time in the presence of temporary shocks that the economy might suffer. In general, evidence does not seem to be particularly favourable to the validity of the model over the period of analysis.
Images, emotions, and international politics: the death of Alan Kurdi
Authors: Adler-Nissen Rebecca , Andersen Katrine Emilie , Hansen Lene 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHow are images, emotions, and international politics connected? This article develops a theoretical framework contributing to visuality and emotions research in International Relations. Correcting the understanding that images cause particular emotional responses, this article claims that emotionally laden responses to images should be seen as performed in foreign policy discourses. We theorise images as objects of interpretation and contestation, and emotions as socially constituted rather than as individual ‘inner states’. Emotional bundling – the coupling of different emotions in discourse – helps constitute political subjectivities that both politicise and depoliticise. Through emotional bundling political leaders express their experiences of feelings shared by all humans, and simultaneously articulate themselves in authoritative and gendered subject positions such as ‘the father’. We illustrate the value of our framework by analysing the photographs of Alan Kurdi, a three-year-old Syrian-Kurdish boy who drowned in September 2015. ‘Kurdi’ became an instant global icon of the Syrian refugee crisis. World leaders expressed their personal grief and determination to act, but within a year, policies adopted with direct reference to Kurdi's tragic death changed from an open-door approach to attempts to stop refugees from arriving. A discursive-performative approach opens up new avenues for research on visuality, emotionality, and world politics.
WINNER PLAYS COMPETITION MODELS
Authors: Cao Yang , Ross Sheldon M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSuppose there are n players in an ongoing competition, with player i having value vi, and suppose that a game between i and j is won by i with probability vi/(vi + vj). Consider the winner plays competition where in each stage two players play a game, and the winner keeps playing in the next game. We consider two models for choosing its opponent, analyze both models as Markov chains, and determine their stationary probabilities as well as other quantities of interest.
Foodborne viral outbreaks associated with frozen produce
Authors: Nasheri Neda , Vester Adrian , Petronella Nicholas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOver the past decade, frozen fruits have been a major vehicle of foodborne illnesses mainly attributed to norovirus (NoV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) infections. Fresh produce may acquire viral contamination by direct contact with contaminated surface, water or hands, and is then frozen without undergoing proper decontamination. Due to their structural integrity, foodborne viruses are able to withstand hostile conditions such as desiccation and freezing, and endure for a long period of time without losing their infectivity. Additionally, these foods are often consumed raw or undercooked, which increases the risk of infection. Herein, we searched published literature and databases of reported outbreaks as well as the databases of news articles for the viral outbreaks associated with the consumption of frozen produce between January 2008 and December 2018; recorded the worldwide distribution of these outbreaks; and analysed the implication of consumption of different types of contaminated frozen food. In addition, we have briefly discussed the factors that contribute to an increased risk of foodborne viral infection following the consumption of frozen produce. Our results revealed that frozen fruits, especially berries and pomegranate arils, contributed to the majority of the outbreaks, and that most outbreaks were reported in industrialised countries.
The Physical and Mental Health Challenges Experienced by 9/11 First Responders and Recovery Workers: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Smith Erin C. , Holmes Lisa , Burkle Frederick M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroduction:In the years following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in New York (USA), otherwise known as 9/11, first responders and recovery workers began experiencing a range of physical and mental health challenges. Publications documenting these provide an important evidence-base identifying exposure-related health challenges associated with environmental exposures from the World Trade Center (WTC) site and describe the key lessons learned regarding both physical and mental health challenges (including symptoms and defined conditions) from the 9/11 disaster response.Methods:A systematic literature review was conducted using the MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, and PsychInfo databases (September 11, 2001 to September 11, 2018) using relevant search terms, truncation symbols, and Boolean combination functions. Publications were limited to journal articles that documented the physical or mental health challenges of 9/11 on first responders or recovery workers.Results:A total of 156 publications were retrieved by the search strategy. The majority (55%) reported a quantitative methodology, while only seven percent reported the use of a qualitative research methodology. Firefighters were the group of responders most frequently reported in the literature (35%), while 37% of publications reported on research that included a mix of first responders and recovery workers. Physical health was the focus of the majority of publications (57%). Among the challenges, respiratory issues were the physical health condition most frequently reported in publications, while posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was the most frequent mental health condition reported on. Publications were published in a broad range of multi-disciplinary journals (n = 75).Discussion:These findings will go some way to filling the current gap in the 9/11 evidence-base regarding the understanding of the long-term health challenges for first responders and recovery workers.