bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
812 Standardization of Burn Pain Control in the Outpatient Burn Population
Authors: Sturgill Karli , Lou Richard B , Bard Maryke 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Nationwide there is a recognized need for regulation and standardization of prescription opioids for acute pain due to the opioid epidemic. Limited data exists about standardization of burn pain treatment in the outpatient setting; however, there are various treatment plans and minimal regulation of opioid prescriptions. The purpose of this study was to create a method of standardization of burn pain treatment and prescription of opioids for the burn outpatient.

Methods
A retrospective chart review was performed analyzing burn outpatient pain control regimens and indications for prescription opioids at a verified burn center. Factors such as burn size (TBSA), anatomical location, hospital length of stay, procedural sedation use, past medical history, surgical intervention, time since surgery, and psych history or elevated depression score were examined to create an objective scorecard. From the collected data, a treatment tier was created using ibuprofen and acetaminophen alternation as baseline pain control. The second and third tiers added oxycodone in increasing frequency for breakthrough of severe pain. Two exceptions were created for active cellulitis and a burn presenting in the first 12 hours since injury. Remaining unused opioid doses were also reviewed.

Results
Preliminary data collected from a 3 month trial demonstrated no significant change in the amount of opioids prescribed. There were 136 patients treated by burn advanced practice providers and the scorecard was used on 68 patients. On average, 7 opioid unused doses were remaining. Data using the current scorecard continues to be collected in the outpatient burn population.

Conclusions
Initial results conclude that there was no significant change in the amount of opioids prescribed but compliance was found to be a limiting factor in the data, as the scorecard was only used in 50% of the patients treated by the burn advance practice providers. Additional studies are needed to quantify improved compliance, patient satisfaction and increase in patient education on the treatment of pain.

Applicability of Research to Practice
A pain medication tool to standardize pain treatment for the outpatient may be valuable in burn centers.
870 Delineation of Burn Surgery Coaching Trees: Describing Generational Influences of Leadership in Burn Care
Authors: Joe Victor C 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Genealogies, or family trees, provide graphic representations of family history, tracing lines of decent among its members. Professional sports, most notably the National Football League (NFL), have borrowed this concept in delineating “coaching trees”. Connections among coaches can be described by the head coach-assistant coach relationships and utilized to demonstrate philosophical influences among coaches. This project was an attempt to explore the application of this concept to the profession of burn surgery and see if it could provide insight into the relationships (i.e., mentorship) that have influenced generations of burn surgeons over the past fifty years.

Methods
The first step in the process was to examine data sources. This consisted of gleaning information from the American Burn Association (ABA) archives (1976–1996) housed at the National Library of Medicine, the digital archives of the ABA, relevant review of the peer-reviewed literature, the public domain (world wide web), and documentation from various burn programs. The next step was to consider varying methodological approaches to the construction of the tree.

Results
While coaching relationships in the NFL represent a complex adaptive network, the relationships in an burn surgical coaching tree represent an even more complex network and the analogies between the two systems break down. As an exploratory project, the decision was made to construct several different trees with relative simple relational lines, concentrating central nodes on various past association presidents, prominent burn directors, and robust burn fellowship programs. This was done to illustrate proof-of-concept and inform future iterations of the project.

Conclusions
Creating burn surgery coaching trees can be done demonstrating relatively simple relational lines and provide basic illustrations of the influences of leadership among generations and institutions. More advanced mathematical and social science methodologies can be applied to explore these relationships in greater depth and elucidate a more thorough understanding of successful relationships, mentorship, and leadership dynamics in this complex adaptive network.

Applicability of Research to Practice
The description of coaching trees provides important insights into the history of burn surgery and the process can be replicated for other professions represented on the burn care team. It validates the importance of maintaining robust archives for our posterity. The information thus organized may inform the approach of the organization and/or inclined individual leaders on how mentorship occurs within our profession.
Innovation Considerations in Horizontal Merger Control
Authors: Kokkoris Ioannis , Valletti Tommaso 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper focuses on the assessment of mergers and in particular on unilateral effects analysis where innovation plays an important role. The paper discusses the economic theories behind innovation, how we move from the traditional product-by-product market definition to pipeline competition and innovation competition and the concept of innovation space. The paper provides a structural analysis of unilateral effects in such markets analyzing how competition authorities should assess a transaction where the main theory of harm is based on innovation considerations.
Involvement of a truncated MADS-box transcription factor ZmTMM1 in root nitrate foraging
Authors: Liu Ying , Jia Zhongtao , Li Xuelian , Wang Zhangkui , Chen Fanjun , Mi Guohua , Forde Brian , Takahashi Hideki , Yuan Lixing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPlants can develop root systems with distinct anatomical features and morphological plasticity to forage nutrients distributed heterogeneously in soils. Lateral root proliferation is a typical nutrient-foraging response to a local supply of nitrate, which has been investigated across many plant species. However, the underlying mechanism in maize roots remains largely unknown. Here, we report on identification of a maize truncated MIKC-type MADS-box transcription factor (ZmTMM1) lacking K- and C-domains, expressed preferentially in the lateral root branching zone and induced by the localized supply of nitrate. ZmTMM1 belongs to the AGL17-like MADS-box transcription factor family that contains orthologs of ANR1, a key regulator for root nitrate foraging in Arabidopsis. Ectopic overexpression of ZmTMM1 recovers the defective growth of lateral roots in the Arabidopsis anr1 agl21 double mutant. The local activation of glucocorticoid receptor fusion proteins for ZmTMM1 and an artificially truncated form of AtANR1 without the K- and C-domains stimulates the lateral root growth of the Arabidopsis anr1 agl21 mutant, providing evidence that ZmTMM1 encodes a functional MADS-box that modulates lateral root development. However, no phenotype was observed in ZmTMM1-RNAi transgenic maize lines, suggesting a possible genetic redundancy of ZmTMM1 with other AGL17-like genes in maize. A comparative genome analysis further suggests that a nitrate-inducible transcriptional regulation is probably conserved in both truncated and non-truncated forms of ZmTMM1-like MADS-box transcription factors found in grass species.
Radiative AGN feedback on a moving mesh: the impact of the galactic disc and dust physics on outflow properties
Authors: Barnes David J , Kannan Rahul , Vogelsberger Mark , Marinacci Federico 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Feedback from accreting supermassive black holes (BHs), active galactic nuclei (AGNs), is now a cornerstone of galaxy formation models. In this work, we present radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of radiative AGN feedback using the novel arepo-rt code. A central BH emits radiation at a constant luminosity and drives an outflow via radiation pressure on dust grains. Utilizing an isolated Navarro–Frenk–White (NFW) halo we validate our set-up in the single- and multiscattering regimes, with the simulated shock front propagation in excellent agreement with the expected analytic result. For a spherically symmetric NFW halo, an examination of the simulated outflow properties with radiation collimation demonstrates a decreasing mass outflow rate and momentum flux, but increasing kinetic power and outflow velocity with decreasing opening angle. We then explore the impact of a central disc galaxy and the assumed dust model on the outflow properties. The contraction of the halo during the galaxy’s formation and modelling the production of dust grains result in a factor 100 increase in the halo’s optical depth. Radiation then couples momentum more efficiently to the gas, driving a stronger shock and producing a mass-loaded $\sim \!10^{3}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }\, \mathrm{yr}^{-1}$ outflow with a velocity of $\sim \!2000\, \mathrm{km}\, \mathrm{s}^{-1}$. However, the inclusion of dust destruction mechanisms, like thermal sputtering, leads to the rapid destruction of dust grains within the outflow, reducing its properties below the initial NFW halo. We conclude that radiative AGN feedback can drive outflows, but a thorough numerical and physical treatment is required to assess its true impact.
Modelling the tightest relation between galaxy properties and dark matter halo properties from hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy formation
Authors: He Jian-hua 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
We investigate how a property of a galaxy correlates most tightly with a property of its host dark matter halo, using state-of-the-art hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy formation: EAGLE, Illustris, and IllustrisTNG. Unlike most of the previous work, our analyses focus on all types of galaxies, including both central and satellite galaxies. We find that the stellar mass of a galaxy at the epoch of the peak circular velocity with an evolution correction gives the tightest such correlation to the peak circular velocity Vpeak of the galaxy’s underling dark matter halo. The evolution of galaxy stellar mass reduces rather than increases scatter in such a relation. We also find that one major source of scatter comes from star stripping due to the strong interactions between galaxies. Even though, we show that the size of scatter predicted by hydrodynamical simulations has a negligible impact on the clustering of dense Vpeak-selected subhalo from simulations, which suggests that even the simplest subhalo abundance matching (SHAM), without scatter and any additional free parameter, can provide a robust prediction of galaxy clustering that can agree impressively well with the observations from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) main galaxy survey.
Limitations to the ‘basic’ HOD model and beyond
Authors: Hadzhiyska Boryana , Bose Sownak , Eisenstein Daniel , Hernquist Lars , Spergel David N 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
We use the IllustrisTNG cosmological, hydrodynamical simulations to test fundamental assumptions of the mass-based halo occupation distribution (HOD) approach to modelling the galaxy–halo connection. By comparing the clustering of galaxies measured in the 300 Mpc TNG box (TNG300) with that predicted by the standard (basic) HOD model, we find that, on average, the ‘basic’ HOD model underpredicts the real-space correlation function in the TNG300 box by ∼15 per cent on scales of $1 \,\,\lt\,\, r \,\,\lt\,\, 20 \ {\rm Mpc}\, h^{-1}$, which is well beyond the target precision demanded of next-generation galaxy redshift surveys. We perform several tests to establish the robustness of our findings to systematic effects, including the effect of finite box size and the choice of halo finder. In our exploration of ‘secondary’ parameters with which to augment the ‘basic’ HOD, we find that the local environment of the halo, the velocity dispersion anisotropy, β, and the product of the half-mass radius and the velocity dispersion, σ2Rhalfmass, are the three most effective measures of assembly bias that help reconcile the ‘basic’ HOD-predicted clustering with that in TNG300. In addition, we test other halo properties such as halo spin, formation epoch, and halo concentration. We also find that at fixed halo mass, galaxies in one type of environment cluster differently from galaxies in another. We demonstrate that a more complete model of the galaxy–halo connection can be constructed if we combine both mass and local environment information about the halo.
The VMC survey – XXXVI. Young stellar variability in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Zivkov Viktor , Oliveira Joana M , Petr-Gotzens Monika G , Rubele Stefano , Cioni Maria-Rosa L , van Loon Jacco Th , de Grijs Richard , Emerson Jim , Ivanov Valentin D , Marconi Marcella , Moretti Maria Ida , Ripepi Vincenzo , Niederhofer Florian , Sun Ning-Chen 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Studies of young stellar objects (YSOs) in the Galaxy have found that a significant fraction exhibits photometric variability. However, no systematic investigation has been conducted on the variability of extragalactic YSOs. Here we present the first variability study of massive YSOs in an $\sim 1.5\, \mathrm{deg^2}$ region of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). The aim is to investigate whether the different environmental conditions in the metal-poor LMC ($\sim 0.4\!-\!0.5\, \mathrm{Z_{\odot }}$) have an impact on the variability characteristics. Multi-epoch near-infrared (NIR) photometry was obtained from the VISTA Survey of the Magellanic Clouds (VMC) and our own monitoring campaign using the VISTA telescope. By applying a reduced χ2-analysis, stellar variability was identified. We found 3062 candidate variable stars from a population of 362 425 stars detected. Based on several Spitzer studies, we compiled a sample of high-reliability massive YSOs: a total of 173 massive YSOs have NIR counterparts (down to $K_s\sim 18.5\,$mag) in the VMC catalogue, of which 39 display significant (&gt;3σ) variability. They have been classified as eruptive, fader, dipper, short-term variable, and long-period variable YSOs based mostly on the appearance of their Ks-band light curves. The majority of YSOs are aperiodic; only five YSOs exhibit periodic light curves. The observed amplitudes are comparable or smaller than those for Galactic YSOs (only two Magellanic YSOs exhibit $\Delta K_s\gt 1\,$mag), not what would have been expected from the typically larger mass accretion rates observed in the Magellanic Clouds.
Dynamics of genetic variation in transcription factors and its implications for the evolution of regulatory networks in Bacteria
Authors: Ali Farhan , Seshasayee Aswin Sai Narain 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The evolution of regulatory networks in Bacteria has largely been explained at macroevolutionary scales through lateral gene transfer and gene duplication. Transcription factors (TF) have been found to be less conserved across species than their target genes (TG). This would be expected if TFs accumulate mutations faster than TGs. This hypothesis is supported by several lab evolution studies which found TFs, especially global regulators, to be frequently mutated. Despite these studies, the contribution of point mutations in TFs to the evolution of regulatory network is poorly understood. We tested if TFs show greater genetic variation than their TGs using whole-genome sequencing data from a large collection of Escherichia coli isolates. TFs were less diverse than their TGs across natural isolates, with TFs of large regulons being more conserved. In contrast, TFs showed higher mutation frequency in adaptive laboratory evolution experiments. However, over long-term laboratory evolution spanning 60 000 generations, mutation frequency in TFs gradually declined after a rapid initial burst. Extrapolating the dynamics of genetic variation from long-term laboratory evolution to natural populations, we propose that point mutations, conferring large-scale gene expression changes, may drive the early stages of adaptation but gene regulation is subjected to stronger purifying selection post adaptation.
Dual BRAF/MEK blockade restores CNS responses in BRAF-mutant Erdheim–Chester disease patients following BRAF inhibitor monotherapy
Authors: Mazor Roei D , Weissman Ran , Luckman Judith , Domachevsky Liran , Diamond Eli L , Abdel-Wahab Omar , Shapira Shirley , Hershkovitz-Rokah Oshrat , Groshar David , Shpilberg Ofer 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Erdheim–Chester disease (ECD), a rare inflammatory myeloid neoplasm, is known to be fundamentally reliant on the constitutive activation of the MAPK signaling pathway in the majority of patients. Consequently, inhibition of the V600E-mutant BRAF kinase has proven to be a safe and efficacious long-term therapeutic strategy for BRAF-mutant ECD patients. Nevertheless, in a subset of patients with CNS disease, the efficacy of long-term treatment may diminish, facilitating suboptimal responses or disease progression.

Methods
We retrospectively describe 3 BRAF-mutant ECD patients whose treatment with Vemurafenib was upgraded to Vemurafenib/Cobimetinib due to either disease progression, insufficient response, or unacceptable toxicity. CNS response to therapy was evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and extra-cranial disease was monitored using 18F-fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT).

Results
Three patients with a mean age of 52.6 years were treated with Vemurafenib for a mean duration of 26.6 months (range: 6–52). Monotherapies were upgraded to Vemurafenib/Cobimetinib dual therapy. The combination therapy was administered for a mean duration of 21 months (range: 19–23). All patients exhibited clinical and neurological improvement. Regression of lesions on MRI was noted in 2 patients. Both patients characterized by a PET-avid disease responded to the biological treatment regimen with complete metabolic remissions.

Conclusion
Dual inhibition of BRAF and downstream MEK may be a safe and effective therapeutic strategy for BRAF-mutant ECD patients for whom BRAF inhibitor therapy proved insufficient and as such appropriate for the long-term management of CNS disease in ECD.
Dynamics of Intra-Party Organisation in the Digital Age: A Grassroots Analysis of Digital Adoption
Authors: Dommett Katharine , Temple Luke , Seyd Patrick 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Over recent decades, scholars have explored political parties’ adoption of digital technology. Tracing successive eras of change, scholarship has examined the degree to which digital disrupts or embeds traditional power structures—with many studies finding evidence of ‘controlled-interactivity’. In this article, we revisit debates around the adoption of digital tools from a bottom-up perspective. Moving beyond attempts to categorise elite strategies for digital adoption, we consider practices on the ground to document how, in practice, digital technology is being taken up and used. Using a case study of the UK Labour Party, we categorise a range of different practices, highlighting and theorising the presence of digital adherents, laggards, entrepreneurs, renegades and refuseniks. Discussing the drivers of these practices, we offer new insight into variations in digital adoption and consider the significance of these trends for our understanding of party organisation.
Social support and public health promotion in ‘The man in a box’
Authors: Van Overmeire Roel 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this short reflection, a story by Anton Chekhov is used to analyze the link between public health promotion and social support. Social support is important in overcoming mental health problems. However, social support might not always understand the problems someone has, or the person with mental health problems might not be able to express the problems he/she has. Public health promotion is important, because it helps family, friends and colleagues of people with mental health problems understand those problems, and helps those people with mental health problems express themselves toward family, friends and colleagues. This idea is illustrated by using the main character in a story by Anton Chekhov, who is presented as someone without any social support: he cannot express himself toward the townspeople, nor do the townspeople understand him. This short reflection ends with a reminder of the importance of public health promotion, to create understanding for mental health and thus increase access to social support.
Consistent altered internal capsule white matter microstructure in insomnia disorder
Authors: Bresser Tom , Foster-Dingley Jessica C , Wassing Rick , Leerssen Jeanne , Ramautar Jennifer R , Stoffers Diederick , Lakbila-Kamal Oti , van den Heuvel Martijn , van Someren Eus J W 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Study Objectives
Suggested neural correlates of insomnia disorder have been hard to replicate. Even the most consistent finding, altered white matter microstructure in the anterior limb of the internal capsule, is based on handful studies. The urge for replicable targets to understand the underlying mechanisms of insomnia made us study white matter fractional anisotropy (FA) across three samples of cases and controls.

Methods
3-Tesla MRI diffusion tensor imaging data of three independent samples were combined for analysis, resulting in n = 137 participants, of whom 73 were diagnosed with insomnia disorder and 64 were matched controls without sleep complaints. Insomnia severity was measured with the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). White matter microstructure was assessed with FA. White matter tracts were skeletonized and analyzed using tract-based spatial statistics. We performed a region-of-interest analysis using linear mixed-effect models to evaluate case–control differences in internal capsule FA as well as associations between internal capsule FA and insomnia severity.

Results
FA in the right limb of the anterior internal capsule was lower in insomnia disorder than in controls (β = −9.76e−3; SE = 4.17e−3, p = .034). In the entire sample, a higher ISI score was associated with a lower FA value of the right internal capsule (β = −8.05e− 4 FA/ISI point, SE = 2.60e− 4, p = .008). Ancillary whole brain voxel-wise analyses showed no significant group difference or association with insomnia severity after correction for multiple comparisons.

Conclusions
The internal capsule shows small but consistent insomnia-related alterations. The findings support a circuit-based approach to underlying mechanisms since this tract connects many brain areas previously implicated in insomnia.
New hemagglutinin dual-receptor-binding pattern of a human-infecting influenza A (H7N9) virus isolated after fifth epidemic wave
Authors: Guo Lei , Li Nan , Li Wenlong , Zhou Jienan , Ning Ruotong , Hou Min , Liu Longding 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Since 2013, influenza H7N9 virus has caused five epidemic waves of human infection. The virus evolved from low pathogenic to highly pathogenic in wave 5, 2017, while the prevalence of host receptor-binding tropism in human-infecting viruses maintained dual-receptor-binding property with preference for avian receptor. A human-infecting H7N9 virus was isolated after the fifth epidemic wave and possessed an avian and human dual-receptor specificity, with a moderately higher affinity for human receptor binding. A V186I (H3 numbering) substitution in the receptor-binding site of the hemagglutinin (HA) molecule is responsible for the alteration of the dual-receptor-binding tropism. Viral strains which contain I186 amino acid of avian- and human-infecting H7N9 viruses were all isolated during or after wave 5, and their HA genes clustered in a same phylogenetic clade together with 2018–9 H7N9 isolates, highlights a new evolutionary path for human adaption of natural H7N9 viruses.