bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoelectrochemistry of Poly‐3‐hexylthiophene and Stannum Chromium Bimetallic Nanoparticle Heterojunction Blend
Authors: Raleie Naledi , Suru John‐Denk Vivian , Wonderboy Hlongwa Ntuthuko , Douman Samantha Fiona , Iwuoha Emmanuel I. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the design and fabrication of photovoltaic cells, acceptors are as important as donors. Quite a large variety of donors exist while most common acceptors are fullerene based and these acceptors are limited in properties. Herein we report the design, optoelectronic and photoelectrochemical properties of three new stannum‐based bimetallic nanoparticles (SnTi, SnV and SnCr) combined with poly(3‐hexylthiophene)(P3HT) as electron donor material in the fabrication of bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells. SnCr nanoparticles displayed excellent electrocatalytic and photoelectronic properties. Solar cell device constructed with P3HT as donor and SnCr as acceptor achieved an open circuit voltage ca. 1 V and efficiency 1.46 %.
Genotoxicity as a toxicologically relevant endpoint to inform risk assessment: A case study with ethylene oxide
Authors: Gollapudi Bala Bhaskar , Su Steave , Li Abby A. , Johnson George E. , Reiss Richard , Albertini Richard J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe purpose of the present investigation is to analyze the in vivo genotoxicity dose–response data of ethylene oxide (EO) and the applicability of the derived point‐of‐departure (PoD) values when estimating permitted daily exposure (PDE) values. A total of 40 data sets were identified from the literature, and benchmark dose analyses were conducted using PROAST software to identify a PoD value. Studies employing the inhalation route of exposure and assessing gene or chromosomal mutations and chromosomal damage in various tissues were considered the most relevant for assessing risk from EO, since these effects are likely to contribute to adverse health consequences in exposed individuals. The PoD estimates were screened for precision and the values were divided by data‐derived adjustment factors. For gene mutations, the lowest PDE was 285 parts per trillion (ppt) based on the induction of lacI mutations in the testes of mice following 48 weeks of exposure to EO. The corresponding lowest PDE value for chromosomal mutations was 1,175 ppt for heritable translocations in mice following 8.5 weeks of EO exposure. The lowest PDE for chromosomal aberrations was 238 ppt in the mouse peripheral blood lymphocytes following 48 weeks of inhalation exposure. The diverse dose–response data for EO‐induced genotoxicity enabled the derivation of PoDs for various endpoints, tissues, and species and identified 238 ppt as the lowest PDE in this retrospective analysis.
Strong‐motion duration and response scaling of yielding and degrading eccentric structures
Authors: Málaga‐Chuquitaype Christian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPlan irregular structures, whose complex response represents a generalisation of the simpler de‐coupled motion ascribed to symmetric buildings, make up a large proportion of the failures during major earthquakes. This paper examines the seismic response scaling of degrading and no‐degrading eccentric structures subjected to bidirectional earthquake action and its relationship with the duration of the ground motion by means of dimensional and orientational analyses. Structures with reflectionally symmetric stiffness distribution and mass eccentricity subjected to orthogonal pairs of ideal pulses are considered as the fundamental case. The application of Vaschy–Buckingham's‐theorem reduces the number of variables governing the peak orthogonal displacements leading to the emergence of remarkable order in the structural response. If orientationally consistent dimensionless parameters are selected, the response becomes self‐similar. By contrast, when degradation is introduced, peak inelastic displacements are dramatically affected and the self‐similarity in the response is lost immediately after the onset of inelastic deformations. Conversely, if the uniform duration, instead of the period, of the strong motion is adopted as a timescale, a practically self‐similar response is observed. This offers unequivocal proof of the fundamental role played by the ground‐motion duration in defining the peak displacement response of degrading structures even at small inelastic demands, although its importance increases with increasing deformation levels. Finally, the existence of complete similarities, or similarities of the first kind, are explored and the practical implications of these findings are briefly outlined in the context of real pulse‐like ground motions with varying degrees of coherency.
Psychotropic medication use in treatment‐seeking youth with eating disorders
Authors: Gorrell Sasha , Lebow Jocelyn , Kinasz Kathryn , Mitchell James E. , Goldschmidt Andrea B. , Le Grange Daniel , Accurso Erin C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivePsychotropic medication use in youth with eating disorders (EDs) is poorly understood despite high co‐occurrence of psychiatric disorders. This study examined characteristics associated with medication use in treatment‐seeking youth with EDs.MethodYouth up to age 18 reported on medication use when presenting to an academic medical center outpatient ED service in the United States. Data presented were collected between 1998–2015.ResultsThe sample (N = 604) was predominantly female (90.6%) with a mean age of 15.3 years (SD = 2.3). Approximately one‐third (30%, n = 173) were taking psychotropic medications (40%, n = 70, were taking multiple medications). Antidepressant use was most common (26%, n = 152), followed by atypical antipsychotics (8%, n = 43). Adjusting for co‐occurring psychiatric disorders, non‐Hispanic Whites who had received prior treatment (psychotherapy, hospitalization) were significantly more likely to be using medication. Longer illness duration and prior treatment were associated with greater antidepressant use. For atypical antipsychotics, prior hospitalization was associated with greater use.ConclusionsFindings confirm moderate psychotropic medication use among young patients with EDs despite a lack of clarity regarding optimally effective pharmacologic interventions in this population. Pharmacological trials examining the efficacy of medications for young patients with EDs are warranted to inform future prescribing practice.
A Unified Linear Free Energy Relationship for Abiotic Reduction Rate of Nitroaromatics and Hydroquinones Using Quantum Chemically Estimated Energies
Authors: Hickey Kevin P. , Di Toro Dominic M. , Allen Herbert E. , Carbonaro Richard F. , Chiu Pei C. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Determining the fate of nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) in the environment requires the use of predictive models for compounds and conditions for which experimental data are insufficient. Previous studies have developed linear free energy relationships (LFERs) that relate the thermodynamic energy of NAC reduction to its corresponding rate constant. We present a comprehensive LFER that incorporates both the reduction and oxidation half-reactions through quantum chemically calculated energies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2389–2395. © 2020 SETAC
Abstract
Reaction kinetics as a function of nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) reduction and hydroquinone oxidation energies calculated via a hydrogen atom transfer mechanism with density functional theory for 7 NACs and 6 hydroquinones.
A 6LoWPAN OPNET simulation model for machine‐to‐machine communications
Authors: Chen Dong , Khan Jamil Y. , Brown Jason , Awais Javed Muhammad , Zhuang Yuan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe low‐power short‐range networks have gained prevalence in research fields such as machine‐to‐machine communications and the Internet of things. Given the large number of devices that may exist, the IPv6 over low‐power wireless personal area networks (6LoWPAN) standard is expected to be widely used. Although Contiki, NS‐3, and OMNeT++ have developed the 6LoWPAN model, it is still not available in optimized network engineering tools (OPNET) because it is extremely difficult to interface the built‐in IP module with the customized modules in OPNET. To bridge this gap, we first developed a preliminary 6LoWPAN model and implemented the header compression and header restoration functions to handle the incoming and outgoing packets in OPNET. To further improve the system performance, we also proposed an algorithm that aggregates packets, reduces intranetwork collisions and increases the packet delivery ratio. The model and algorithm in this work are free to download, so researchers from the OPNET community can easily extend this work for their own research in the future.
‘EDC girls’ and women's work: Race, gender and labor in the financial services sector in the US virgin islands
Authors: Navarro Tami 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis essay outlines my academic research on economic development in the Caribbean, which traces paradigm shifts in the region with particular attention to both the gendered ideologies underpinning these shifts and their gendered effects. Drawing on the long and important history of Caribbean feminist anthropology (Abraham‐Van der Mark 1983; Anderson 1986; Barrow 1995; Barrow 1998; Bolles 1983; Ellis 2003; Kempadoo 2004; Leo‐Rhynie 1997; Mohammed 2002; Mohammed and Shepherd 1988; Momsen 1993; Yelvington 1995), this article situates my research on development paradigms in the US Virgin Islands in this trajectory. Drawing on my ethnographic work on the Economic Development Commission (EDC) program and the women employed in this sector, this article affords me the opportunity to engage with the legacy of feminist ethnography that has enabled my continued engagement with naming both the centrality of the region to global economic processes and the significance of women's labor to these processes.
Capacitating care: Activist anthropology in ethnographies of gender‐based violence
Authors: Backe Emma Louise 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn ethnographic analyses of gender‐based violence (GBV), anthropologists working on the front‐lines of advocacy and service delivery have increasingly adopted dual roles as activists and researchers. While these positionings have allowed for alternative fields of vision in the ethnographic process, less attention has been dedicated to what these roles do ethnographically, and the kinds of skills and core competencies advocacy roles teach us as feminist anthropologists. If front‐line work has become a tacit best practice of ethnographies in contexts of GBV, then we must ask what kinds of training and preparation is necessary for contemporary anthropologists who want to pursue research among survivors or care providers responding to conditions of violence. I propose that we need to develop capacity‐building strategies that more transparently address these implicit best practices as part of our feminist ethics of care. This investment in capacitating care would acknowledge the moral compulsion to research the experiences and needs of survivor populations, while also considering how we equip ourselves to respond to the specialized needs of survivors, and the forms of care work with survivors necessitates.
A staggered‐grid multilevel incomplete LU for steady incompressible flows
Authors: Baars Sven , van der Klok Mark , Thies Jonas , Wubs Fred W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlgorithms for studying transitions and instabilities in incompressible flows typically require the solution of linear systems with the full Jacobian matrix. Other popular approaches, like gradient‐based design optimization and fully implicit time integration, also require very robust solvers for this type of linear system. We present a parallel fully coupled multilevel incomplete factorization preconditioner for the 3D stationary incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations on a structured grid. The algorithm and software are based on the robust two‐level method developed by Wubs and Thies. In this article, we identify some of the weak spots of the two‐level scheme and propose remedies such as a different domain partitioning and recursive application of the method. We apply the method to the well‐known 3D lid‐driven cavity benchmark problem, and demonstrate its superior robustness by comparing with a segregated SIMPLE‐type preconditioner.
Physicochemical properties and bioavailability of naturally formulated fat‐soluble vitamins extracted from agricultural products for complementary use for natural vitamin supplements
Authors: Lee Hyun Jeong , Shin Changho , Chun Yoon Seok , Kim Jongkyu , Jung Hansang , Choung Jaijun , Shim Soon Mi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe purpose of the current study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties, digestive stability, storage stability, and intestinal absorption of formulated natural vitamins (FNV) by mixing fat‐soluble vitamins extracted from agricultural products with their synthetic vitamin (SYNV) counterparts using a 6 to 4 ratio (w:w, dry weight). The FNV A, D, E, and K were evenly dispersed without crystal growth in the dispersion specifications for the functional tablet foods. The FNV A, D, E, and K had 89, 73, 65, and 36% of the digestive recovery, respectively, which was comparable to that of the SYNV. FNV D, E, and K were retained over 77%, but rapidly decreased to 15% after 6 months during accelerated storage at 25 30 and 35℃. The comparable radical scavenging capacity was found between the FNV and the SYNV. Results from the current study suggest that fat‐soluble vitamins extracted from agricultural products could be reasonable complementary use for natural vitamin supplements.
Changes in the volatile components of squid (illex argentinus) for different cooking methods via headspace–gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry
Authors: Cui Zhenkun , Yan Han , Manoli Tatiana , Mo Haizhen , Li Hongbo , Zhang Hao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSquid products are becoming more and more popular with consumers because of their high yields and nutrition, including novel textures with desirable sensory properties. However, it has not been determined whether the cooking method has effects on the flavor of the squid. In this study, the aroma and volatile substances of squid samples from different cooking methods (boiled, steamed, sous vide) were determined and analyzed by headspace–gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry and differentiated by using, as well, an electronic nose and sensory evaluation. A total of 43 characteristic flavor compounds were identified. Based on the signal intensity of the identified violate compounds, we established a fingerprint of heat‐treated squid from different cooking methods. Due to the long‐term low‐temperature heating conditions under vacuum, the flavor of sous vide squid is different from steamed and boiled squid, and it has unique special flavor compounds. Different cooking methods can affect the aroma of squid, providing support for the industrial production of squid.
Effect of different drying temperatures on the rehydration of the fruiting bodies of Yu Muer (Auricularia cornea) and screening of browning inhibitors
Authors: Chen Yanqi , Lv Zhiwen , Liu Zhirun , Li Xiao , Li Changtian , Sossah Frederick Leo , Song Bing , Li Yu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, the color of the dry fruiting bodies, fresh weight (FW): dry weight (DW) ratio, amino acids, and total phenolics, which are of nutritional or commercial interest, were compared among different drying temperature treatments. The effect of rehydration methods and color protection reagents on the fruiting body color, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, and browning inhibition rate were evaluated. The results showed that drying with hot air at 65℃ was quickest and resulted in a better color without compromising the FW:DW ratio and rehydration ratio of the fruiting bodies. Furthermore, some reactions that occurred under high temperatures increased the content of protein, amino acids, and total phenolics. Soaking after boiling was the most suitable rehydration method, leading to the lowest PPO activity (39.87 ± 1.35 U/g). All of the four analyzed color protection reagents could significantly inhibit the browning of Yu Muer fruiting bodies under room temperature water rehydration conditions, with a citric acid content of 6 g/L showing the best performance. These results provide technical support for the development of the Yu Muer industry and for promoting the commercial processing of Yu Muer fruiting bodies slices.
GlasVent—The Rapidly Deployable Emergency Ventilator
Authors: Christou Adamos , Ntagios Markellos , Hart Andrew , Dahiya Ravinder 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAs a result of the novel Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) outbreak, a surge is witnessed in the demand for mechanical ventilators needed for treating affected patients. With the rapidly virus spreading around the globe, the shortage of ventilators becomes a global challenge and numerus efforts are followed. While industry mobilizes toward producing medical grade equipment, a number of low‐cost and less complex emergency ventilators have been developed, mainly through academic and open‐source channels, with a hope to meet any temporary needs gap until medical grade ventilator provision becomes sufficient. Herein, the design and implementation of one such emergency ventilator called GlasVent is presented, which an automated version of manual resuscitator device, commonly known as big valve mask or artificial manual breathing unit bag and widely used prior to initiating the mechanical ventilation. GlasVent uses 3D printed mechanical parts, widely available materials and off‐the‐shelf electronic and sensing devices which can be fast assembled. Furthermore, it requires minimal training and can be operated manually by hands or legs, thus meeting the emergency requirements even in the low‐resource settings or regions with less developed healthcare systems. Post‐COVID‐19, such ventilators can potentially find use in clinical care of a wider variety of patients with injury, pulmonary noncommunicable diseases, and severe asthma etc.
Unraveling most abundant mutational signatures in head and neck cancer
Authors: Plath Michaela , Gass Johanna , Hlevnjak Mario , Li Qiaoli , Feng Bohai , Hostench Xavier Pastor , Bieg Matthias , Schroeder Lea , Holzinger Dana , Zapatka Marc , Freier Kolja , Weichert Wilko , Hess Jochen , Zaoui Karim 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGenomic alterations are a driving force in the multistep process of head and neck cancer (HNC) and result from the interaction of exogenous environmental exposures and endogenous cellular processes. Each of these processes leaves a characteristic pattern of mutations on the tumor genome providing the unique opportunity to decipher specific signatures of mutational processes operative during HNC pathogenesis and to address their prognostic value. Computational analysis of whole exome sequencing data of the HIPO‐HNC (Heidelberg Center for Personalized Oncology‐head and neck cancer) (n = 83) and TCGA‐HNSC (The Cancer Genome Atlas‐Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma) (n = 506) cohorts revealed five common mutational signatures (Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer [COSMIC] Signatures 1, 2, 3, 13 and 16) and demonstrated their significant association with etiological risk factors (tobacco, alcohol and HPV16). Unsupervised hierarchical clustering identified four clusters (A, B, C1 and C2) of which Subcluster C2 was enriched for cases with a higher frequency of signature 16 mutations. Tumors of Subcluster C2 had significantly lower p16INK4A expression accompanied by homozygous CDKN2A deletion in almost one half of cases. Survival analysis revealed an unfavorable prognosis for patients with tumors characterized by a higher mutation burden attributed to signature 16 as well as cases in Subcluster C2. Finally, a LASSO‐Cox regression model was applied to prioritize clinically relevant signatures and to establish a prognostic risk score for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. In conclusion, our study provides a proof of concept that computational analysis of somatic mutational signatures is not only a powerful tool to decipher environmental and intrinsic processes in the pathogenesis of HNC, but could also pave the way to establish reliable prognostic patterns.
Optimal management of esophageal cancer in Africa: A systemic review of treatment strategies
Authors: Buckle Geoffrey C. , Mahapatra Ruchika , Mwachiro Michael , Akoko Larry , Mmbaga Elia J. , White Russell E. , Bent Stephen , Van Loon Katherine 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEsophageal cancer (EC) is a leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in Africa. Despite the high burden of disease, optimal management strategies for EC in resource‐constrained settings have yet to be established. This systematic review evaluates the literature on treatments for EC throughout Africa and compares the efficacy and safety of varying treatment strategies in this context (PROSPERO CRD42017071546). PubMed, Embase and African Index Medicus were searched for studies published on treatment strategies for EC in Africa from 1980 to 2020. Searches were supplemented by examining bibliographies of included studies and relevant conference proceedings. Methodological quality/risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk‐of‐Bias tool and the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. Forty‐six studies were included. Case series constituted the majority of studies: 13 were case series reporting on outcomes of esophagectomies, 17 on palliative luminal or surgical interventions, four on radiotherapy and three on concurrent chemoradiation. Nine randomized controlled trials were identified, of which four prospectively compared different treatment modalities (one investigating radiotherapy vs chemoradiation, three evaluating rigid plastic stents vs other treatments). This review summarizes the research on EC treatments in Africa published over the last four decades and outlines critical gaps in knowledge related to management in this context. Areas in need of further research include (a) evaluation of the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy in patients with locally advanced disease; (b) strategies to improve long‐term survival in patients treated with definitive chemoradiation; and (c) the comparative effectiveness of modern palliative interventions, focusing on quality of life and survival as outcome measures.
Are household consumption decisions affected by past due unsecured debt? Theory and evidence
Authors: Bechlioulis Alexandros P. , Brissimis Sophocles N. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe study delinquent and non‐performing loans in consumer credit markets and their implications for consumer behaviour. By introducing endogenously non‐payment of debt in the inter‐temporal optimization problem of a representative borrowing household, we derive analytically an augmented consumption Euler equation featuring a risk factor in terms of expected non‐performing debt and delinquent debt. We find that the presence of the risk factor differentiates the estimated values of the preference parameters and enhances the model's structure in comparison to the benchmark representative agent model with full debt repayment, which seems to be an incomplete description of consumer behaviour.