bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
820 Transgender Patients with Assault by Burn
Authors: Sanchez Uriel J , Sheckter Clifford C , Karanas Yvonne L 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Introduction
The transgender population is estimated at 25 million worldwide and 1 million in the United States. Transgender individuals or those experiencing gender dysphoria are at a higher risk of intimate partner violence and assault (60%) as well as suicide (40%), with reports of 18 transgender individuals killed this year alone in the United States. Trauma and burn care providers need to be aware of this population’s unique medical and surgical needs. To our knowledge, we describe the first reports of burn injuries in transgender patients.

Methods
We performed a retrospective review of all transgender or gender dysphoric patients admitted to a regional burn center from 2010 to 2019 with a major burn diagnosis (&gt;20% total body surface area). Patients were identified by International Classification of Disease codes in addition to self-identification at time of admission. We describe the mechanism of injury, circumstances surrounding the incident, hospital course, disposition at discharge, and outcomes in clinic follow up.

Results
The cohort consisted of two patients who were transgender females (i.e. born biologic male and identified as female), aged 31 and 36. Both patients were homeless and had histories of substance abuse and mental health issues. The burn sizes were 20% and 80% and both were flame injuries. One was injured by her domestic partner. The other was injured in a tent fire from a camping stove. The 20% TBSA patient underwent 3 surgeries and was discharged to medical respite on PBD #55. The 80% TBSA patient underwent 9 surgeries and was discharged to inpatient rehabilitation on PBD #75. Regarding their transgender medical care, neither patient was actively being treated by a medical professional although they both reported taking estrogens. Neither patient had undergone transgender surgery. Hormone therapy was not continued during their hospital stay due to lack of information surrounding prior use and limited knowledge regarding the safety of hormonal therapy during burn treatment. Both patients were initially lost to follow up but subsequently reentered our health care system. Both patients have since been referred to our county transgender clinic and are now actively followed by a transgender provider.

Conclusions
Transgender patients are at high risk for violence and assault, which includes burn. These patients are more difficult to identify and may have inadequate transgender medical care. Burn providers of all levels should be aware of the unique needs of this population and involve transgender medical providers in the acute and rehabilitative care when feasible.

Applicability of Research to Practice
Raise public awareness regarding assault by burn in the transgender population.
840 Myostatin Deficiency Inhibits Muscle Wasting and Improves Bacterial Clearance and Survival in Septic Mice
Authors: Kaneki Masao , Kobayashi Masayuki , Kasamatsu Shingo , Yasuhara Shingo , Shinozaki Shohei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Sepsis is a leading cause of the mortality of burn patients. Muscle wasting is a major complication of sepsis and burn injury and negatively affects clinical outcomes of patients with sepsis and burn injury. Myostatin (MSTN) is a myokine that causes muscle atrophy by activating the activin type 2 receptor (ActRII) pathway and myostatin deficiency increases skeletal muscle mass. However, a role of myostatin in critical illness (e.g., sepsis, burn injury)-induced muscle wasting has not yet been investigated. Moreover, a role of muscle wasting in immune suppression and mortality in sepsis is unknown.

Methods
Sepsis was induced by cecum ligation and puncture (CLP) in male MSTN-deficient mice at 8 weeks of age and age- and body weight (BW)-matched wild type (WT) mice. Survival was monitored for 14 days. Bacterial clearance was evaluated at 16 h after CLP by measuring bacterial load in the peritoneal cavity and circulation. The weight of gastrocnemius (GC), tibialis anterior (TA) and soleus (SOL) muscle and cross-sectional areas of GC were measured before and at 14 days after CLP. To evaluate neutrophil organ infiltration, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was measured in the liver and kidney at 16 h after CLP. To evaluate liver dysfunction, acute kidney injury and inflammatory response, plasma levels of AST, ALT, NGAL and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) were measured at 16 h after CLP. Protein expression of Murf-1 and Atrogin-1, key players in muscle wasting, and ActRIIB was evaluated in GC muscle by immunoblotting at 3 days and 16 h after CLP, respectively.

Results
MSTN deficiency increased skeletal muscle mass and inhibited sepsis-induced muscle wasting compared with BW-matched WT mice. Sepsis-induced increase in Murf-1, but not Atrogin-1, expression in muscle was attenuated by MSTN deficiency. CLP increased protein expression of ActRIIB in muscle. Moreover, MSTN deficiency reduced mortality of septic mice compared with age- and BW-matched WT mice. MSTN deficiency improved bacterial clearance and ameliorated increases in MPO activity in the liver and kidney and plasma concentrations of AST, ALT, NGAL and HMGB1 in septic mice.

Conclusions
Our data showed that MSTN deficiency inhibited muscle wasting and improved bacterial clearance and survival in septic mice. These data indicate that MSTN plays an important role in sepsis-induced muscle wasting. Moreover, our findings suggest that muscle wasting may not be just a complication of sepsis but a driver of sepsis development contributing to mortality of septic mice. This study also raises the possibility that muscle wasting and/or activation of the MSTN-ActRII pathway may exacerbate sepsis-induced immune dysfunction.

Applicability of Research to Practice
Our study identifies the MSTN-ActRII pathway as a novel, potential molecular target to ameliorate muscle wasting and improve survival of septic burned patients.
862 Challenges and Lessons Learned from Opioid Pharmacogenetic Studies in Burn Patients
Authors: Grimsrud Kristin , Palmieri Tina L 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Introduction
”One-size fits all” opioid dosing often results in a lack of efficacy or toxic consequences. Patients are heterogeneous; their drug sensitivity varies, potentially impacting therapeutic outcomes. Implementation of pharmacogenetic testing in the clinical setting is needed to improve precision dosing, especially in the critically ill (e.g. burns). However, due to the lack of comprehensive data addressing the functional impact of genetic variants, universal implementation of genetic screening is not yet possible. While animal models provide valuable data, they do not capture the vast heterogeneity and comorbidities of patients. Clinical pharmacogenetic studies are needed to advance our understanding of genetic variability and clinical impacts on opioid efficacy. The purpose of this report is to describe the challenges of clinical opioid pharmacogenetic studies in burn patients.

Methods
We performed two studies: 1) a pilot study evaluating CYP gene haplotypes in 13 adult burn patients receiving fentanyl using remnant samples and 2) a pediatric burn patient fentanyl pharmacogenetic study. In the pediatric study, we initially screened with a customized 18 gene panel (opioid pathway specific), and later expanded to whole exome analysis.

Results
We identified 3 adult slow-metabolizers, one with a CYP3A4 and two with CYP2D6 haplotypes and an average of 80+ variants identified in the 18 genes in preliminary analysis of pediatric patients. Multiple challenges were identified in conducting clinical observational studies. Although remnant samples can be hypothesis-generating, clinical data linkage is limited, decreasing the ability for covariate analysis to investigate clinical factors contributing to altered fentanyl metabolism. The use of a commercial haplotype panel, while convenient, only identifies known haplotypes and doesn’t identify all variants in patients. Research protocols must be tailored to clinical workflow. Repeated dosing of fentanyl, which is standard of care but may not be detailed in medical record charting, predisposes research analysis to inaccuracies. Sparse blood sampling, errors in blood draw methodology and loss of vascular access, particularly in pediatrics, can render data sets unanalyzable.

Conclusions
While we have faced many challenges, overall, these studies have produced valuable data to enable better future clinical research design. Educating bedside nurses on study goals, teaching investigators about clinical workflow, and trouble-shooting proper sample collection and charting are essential elements of a successful study. Finally, minimizing sample volume and optimizing sample time points allows for better study adherence and more accurate analysis.

Applicability of Research to Practice
Lessons learned from these studies will aid in the optimization of study design of future burns pharmacogenetic clinical studies.
Halomonas piezotolerans sp. nov., a multiple-stress-tolerant bacterium isolated from a deep-sea sediment sample of the New Britain Trench
Authors: Yan Fangfang , Fang Jiasong , Cao Junwei , Wei Yuli , Liu Rulong , Wang Li , Xie Zhe 
Published: March 2020

A piezotolerant, H2O2-tolerant, heavy-metal-tolerant, slightly halophilic bacterium (strain NBT06E8T) was isolated from a deep-sea sediment sample collected from the New Britain Trench at depth of 8900 m. The strain was aerobic, motile, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, oxidase-positive and catalase-positive. Growth of the strain was observed at 4–45 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 5–11 (optimum, pH 8–9) and in 0.5–21 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3–7 %). The optimum pressure for growth was 0.1–30 MPa with tolerance up to 60 MPa. Under optimum growth conditions, the strain could tolerate 15 mM H2O2. Resuls of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain NBT06E8T is closely related to

Halomonas aquamarina

DSM 30161T (99.5%),

Halomonas meridiana

DSM 5425T (99.43%) and

Halomonas axialensis

Althf1T (99.35%). The digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain NBT06E8T and the three related type strains,

H. aquamarina

,

H. meridiana

and

H. axialensis

, were 30.5±2.4 %, 30.7±2.5% and 31.5±2.5 %, respectively. The average nucleotide identity values between strain NBT06E8T and the three related type strains were 86.26, 86.26 and 83.63 %, respectively. The major fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1
ω7c and/or C18 : 1
ω6c) and C16 : 0. The predominant respiratory quinone detected was ubiquinone-9 (Q-9). Based on its phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, we conclude that strain NBT06E8T represents a novel species of the genus

Halomonas

, for which the name Halomonas piezotolerans sp. nov. is proposed (type strain NBT06E8T= MCCC 1K04228T=KCTC 72680T).
A common gene drive language eases regulatory process and eco-evolutionary extensions
Authors: Verma Prateek , Reeves R. Guy , Gokhale Chaitanya S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSynthetic gene drive technologies aim to spread transgenic constructs into wild populations even when they impose organismal fitness disadvantages. The extraordinary diversity of plausible drive mechanisms and the range of selective parameters they may encounter makes it very difficult to convey their relative predicted properties, particularly where multiple approaches are combined. The sheer number of published manuscripts in this field, experimental and theoretical, the numerous techniques resulting in an explosion in the gene drive vocabulary hinder the regulators’ point of view. We address this concern by defining a simplified parameter based language of synthetic drives. Employing the classical population dynamics approach, we show that different drive construct (replacement) mechanisms can be condensed and evaluated on an equal footing even where they incorporate multiple replacement drives approaches. Using a common language, it is then possible to compare various model properties, a task desired by regulators and policymakers. The generalization allows us to extend the study of the invasion dynamics of replacement drives analytically and, in a spatial setting, the resilience of the released drive constructs. The derived framework is available as a standalone tool. Besides comparing available drive constructs, our tool is also useful for educational purpose. Users can also explore the evolutionary dynamics of future hypothetical combination drive scenarios. Thus, our results appraise the properties and robustness of drives and provide an intuitive and objective way for risk assessment, informing policies, and enhancing public engagement with proposed and future gene drive approaches.
Integrated role of microRNA-30e-5p through targeting negative regulators of innate immune pathways during HBV infection and SLE
Authors: Mishra Richa , Bhattacharya Sanjana , Rawat Bhupendra S , Kumar Ashish , Kumar Akhilesh , Niraj Kavita , Chande Ajit , Gandhi Puneet , Khetan Dheeraj , Aggarwal Amita , Sato Seiichi , Tailor Prafullakumar , Takaoka Akinori , Kumar Himanshu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPrecise regulation of innate immunity is crucial for the development of appropriate host immunity against microbial infections and the maintenance of immune homeostasis. The microRNAs are small non-coding RNA, post-transcriptional regulator of multiple genes and act as a rheostat for protein expression. Here, we identified microRNA(miR)-30e-5p (miR-30e) induced by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and other viruses that act as a master regulator for innate immune responses. Moreover, pegylated type I interferons treatment to HBV patients for viral reduction also reduces the miRNA. Additionally, we have also shown the immuno-pathological effects of miR-30e in systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) patients and SLE mouse model. Mechanistically, the miR-30e targets multiple negative regulators namelyTRIM38, TANK, ATG5, ATG12, BECN1, SOCS1, SOCS3of innate immune signaling pathways and enhances innate immune responses. Furthermore, sequestering of endogenous miR-30e in PBMCs of SLE patients and SLE mouse model respectively by the introduction of antagomir and locked nucleic acid based inhibitor significantly reduces type I interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, our study demonstrates the novel role of miR-30e in innate immunity and its prognostic and therapeutic potential in infectious and autoimmune diseases.
Dynamics of Gut Microbiome, IgA Response and Plasma Metabolome in Development of Pediatric Celiac Disease
Authors: Girdhar Khyati , Huang Qian , Dogru Yusuf Dogus , Yang Yi , Tolstikov Vladimir , Chrudinova Martina , Raisingani Amol , Ludvigsson Jonas F. , Kiebish Michael A. , Palm Noah W. , Ludvigsson Johnny , Altindis Emrah 
Published: March 2020

SUMMARYCeliac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten consumption. To identify the role of gut microbes in CD onset, we performed a longitudinal study focusing on two important phases of gut microbiota development at ages 2.5 and 5 (n=16). We obtained samples from children who developed CD during or after the study (CD progressors) and age, sex, and HLA-matched healthy controls. CD progressors had a distinct gut microbiota composition and IgA-sequencing identified unique IgA targets in the gut. Three cytokines, one chemokine, and 19 plasma metabolites were significantly altered in CD progressors at age 5. Feeding C57BL/6J mice with taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA), a 2-fold increased microbiota-derived metabolite in CD progressors, caused villous atrophy, increased intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), CD4+ T-cells, Natural Killer cells, and Qa-1 expression on T-cells while decreasing T-regulatory cells in IELs. Thus, TDCA drives inflammation in the small intestines that potentially contribute to the CD onset.HighlightsCD progressors have a distinct gut microbiome composition compared to healthy controls in two important phases of gut microbiota development (age 2.5 and 5 years)CD progressors have more IgA-coated bacteria in their gut at age 5 compared to healthy controls. Further, IgA-sequencing identified unique bacterial targets in CD progressors.Three plasma proinflammatory cytokines and a chemokine were increased in CD progressors years before diagnosis, indicating an early inflammatory response.We identified 19 metabolites that are significantly altered in CD progress at age 5 and microbiota-derived TDCA increased two-fold.TDCA treatment in B6 mice increased CD4+ cells and NK cells while decreasing CD8+ T-regulatory (Treg) cells. It also increased Qa-1 expression on immune cells.
Systematic Review of the Registered Clinical Trials of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Zhu Rui-fang , Gao Yu-lu , Robert Sue-Ho , Gao Jin-ping , Yang Shi-gui , Zhu Chang-tai 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundSince the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many researchers in China have immediately carried out clinical research scheme of the COVID-19. But, there is still a lack of systematic review of registered clinical trials. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of the clinical trials of COVID-19 to summarize the characteristics of the COVID-19 registered clinical trials.MethodsThis study is based on the recommendations of the PRISMA in the Cochrane handbook. The databases from the Chinese Clinical Registration Center and the ClinicalTrials.gov were searched to collect the registered clinical trials of COVID-19. The retrieval inception date is February 9, 2020. Two researchers independently selected the literature based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias.ResultsA total of 75 registered clinical trials (63 interventional studies and 12 observational studies) of COVID-19 were obtained. A majority of clinical trials were sponsored by Chinese hospitals. Only 11 trials have begun to recruit patients, and none of the registered clinical trials had been completed; 34 trials were early clinical exploratory trials or in a pre-experiment stage, 15 trials belonged to phrase III and 4 trials were phrase IV. The methods of intervention included traditional Chinese medicine involving 26 trials, Western medicine involving 30 trials, and integrated traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine involving 19 trials. The subjects were mainly non-critical adult patients (≥ 18 years old). The median sample size of the trials was 100 (IQR: 60 - 200), and the median execute time of the trials was 179 d (IQR: 94 - 366 d). The main outcomes were clinical observation and examinations. Overall, both the methodology quality of interventional trials and observational studies were low.ConclusionsDisorderly and intensive clinical trials of COVID-19 using traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine are ongoing or will being carried out in China. However, based on the low methodology quality and small sample size and long studies execute time, we will not be able to obtain reliable, high-quality clinical evidence about COVID-19 treatment in the near future. Improving the quality of study design, prioritizing promising drugs, and using different designs and statistical methods are worth advocating and recommending for the clinical trials of COVID-19 in China.
Mediator-Microorganism Interaction in Microbial Solar Cell: a Fluo-Electrochemical Insight
Authors: Beauzamy Léna , Delacotte Jérôme , Bailleul Benjamin , Tanaka Kenya , Nakanishi Shuji , Wollman Francis-André , Lemaître Frédéric 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTMicrobial solar cells that mainly rely on the use of photosynthesic organisms are a promising alternative to photovoltaics for solar electricity production. In that way, we propose a new approach involving electrochemistry and fluorescence techniques. The coupled set-up Electro-Pulse-Amplitude-Modulation (“e-PAM”) enables the simultaneous recording of the produced photocurrent and fluorescence signals from the photosynthetic chain. This methodology was validated with a suspension of green algaChlamydomonas reinhardtiiin interaction with an exogenous redox mediatior (2,6-dichlorobenzoquinone; DCBQ). The balance between photosynthetic chain events (PSII photochemical yield, quenching) and the extracted electricity can be monitored overtime. More particularly, the non photochemical quenching induced by DCBQ mirrors the photocurrent. This set-up thus helps to distinguish the electron harvesting from some side effects due to quinones in real time. It therefore paves the way for future analyses devoted to the choice of the experimental conditions (redox mediator, photosynthetic organisms…) to find the best electron extraction.
Management implications based on diversity patterns under climate change scenarios in a continental island biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Kougioumoutzis Konstantinos , Kokkoris Ioannis P. , Panitsa Maria , Trigas Panayiotis , Strid Arne , Dimopoulos Panayotis 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the Anthropocene era, climate change poses a great challenge in environmental management and decision-making for species and habitat conservation. To support decision-making, many studies exist regarding the expected vegetation changes and the impacts of climate change on European plants, yet none has investigated how climate change will affect the extinction risk of the entire endemic flora of an island biodiversity hotspot, with intense human disturbance. Our aim is to assess, in an integrated manner, the impact of climate change on the biodiversity and biogeographical patterns of Crete and to provide a case-study upon which a cost-effective and climate-smart conservation planning strategy might be set. We employed a variety of macroecological analyses and estimated the current and future biodiversity, conservation and extinction hotspots in Crete, as well as the factors that may have shaped these distribution patterns. We also evaluated the effectiveness of climate refugia and the NATURA 2000 network (PAs) on protecting the most vulnerable species and identified the taxa that should be of conservation priority based on the Evolutionary Distinct and Globally Endangered (EDGE) index, during any environmental management process. The highlands of Cretan mountain massifs have served as both diversity cradles and museums, due to their stable climate and high topographical heterogeneity. They are also identified as biodiversity hotspots, as well as areas of high conservation and evolutionary value, due their high EDGE scores. Due to the ‘escalator to extinction’ phenomenon and the subsequent biotic homogenization, these areas are projected to become diversity ‘death-zones’ in the near future and should thus be prioritized in terms of conservation efforts and by decision makers. In-situ conservation focusing at micro-reserves and ex-situ conservation practices should be considered as an insurance policy against such biodiversity losses, which constitute cost-effective conservation measures. Scientists and authorities should aim the conservation effort at areas with overlaps among PAs and climate refugia, characterized by high diversity and EDGE scores. These areas may constitute Anthropocene refugia. Thus, this climate-smart, cost-effective conservation-prioritization planning will allow the preservation of evolutionary heritage, trait diversity and future services for human well-being and acts as a pilot for similar regions worldwide.