bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation characterization and application of Chitosan nanoparticles as drug carrier
Authors: Jabbar Almukhtar Jubran G. , Karam Faiq F. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
To improve the therapeutic efficacy of Mebeverine Hydrochloride (MB.HCl) medication, this study was worked on by reducing the drug dosages while maintaining the level of the drug inside the patients’ body. The best treatment results are achieved by loading the drug through a medicated drug carrier that is Chitosan nanoparticle (CSNPs) and preparation was done by Ionic gelation method which including reaction between binding material Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) and Chitosan (CS) which was extracted from shrimp shells. The drug was loaded by Chitosan nanoparticles and the proof was done by using several techniques, namely FT-IR and X-ray diffraction spectrum, the size of particles was determined before and after loading using Particle size analyzer, also use the FE - SEM emission electron scanning microscope where the results showed the success of preparing a drug carrier and MB.HCl was loading on Chitosan nanoparticles.
Selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol by reduced graphene oxide supported platinum nanoparticles
Authors: Altaee Hadeel , Alshamsi Hassan Abbas 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The Pt / rGO nanocatalyst was synthesized by the immobilization method by deposition of platinum nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a support material. The support (rGO) was prepared from the reduction of graphene oxide (GO) by the reducing agent sodium borohydride (NaBH4), while (GO) was prepared from the graphite oxidation using the modified Hummer method. Morphological, chemical and structural characteristics of synthesized samples were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), transmittance Scanning Microscope (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and X-ray and Raman Spectroscopy. The performance of the Pt/rGO catalysts were evaluated in the benzyl alcohol oxidation to produce benzaldehyde using an environmentally friendly oxidizing agent, hydrogen peroxide, under moderate conditions. The variables that were studied on oxidation of benzyl alcohol were temperature, catalyst mass and H2O2 concentration. The best results were achieved when the catalyst amount was 10 mg, 50% hydrogen peroxide concentration and 80 °C reaction temperature. The conditions under which the reaction was carried out are moderate reaction conditions, and the oxidizing agent (H2O2) is an environmentally friendly oxidizing agent.
Synthesis Novel Organig Reagent of 2-[2—(5-Nitro thiazolyl)azo]-4,6-dimethoxy benzoic acid (NTADMBA) and Applyed it as antioxidants
Authors: AL-Adilee Kh. J. , Jasim Al-Hayder Layth S. , Essa Shaimaa M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study concerned synthesis and characterized new organig reagent 2-[2—(5-nitro thiazolyl)azo]-6.4 dimethoxy benzoic acid (NTADMBA) and also its antioxidant, biomolecule protective. The organig reagent was characterized by FTIR, NMR and mass spectroscopy. The antioxidant assays showed the enhanced potency of E. coli bacteria. the study suggests that the organig reagent (NTADMBA) herb unequivocally is a potential source of antioxidants and could aid in alleviating oxidative stress-mediated disorders.
Preparation and Characterization Biaryl aromatic compounds of the pyrimidine derivative by a Suzuki Coupling reaction and study their anti-cancer effect
Authors: Abdul-Rida Nabeel A. , Gareeb Zahraa M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study includes the synthesis and characterization of some heterocyclic compounds (pyrimidine derivatives) starting from the reaction of 2-Bromo benzaldehyde with the amino compound in an acidic medium to obtain a base derivative of Schiff Base (1) and then (1) interacts with aromatic boronic acids (3-Carboxyx-5-nitro, 3-Cyano, 4-Ethoxy, 2,3-Difluoro, 2,3,4-Trifluoro, 4-Chloro) respectively by reaction Suzuki-Mayura and with the presence of Tetrax (Triphenyl Phosphine) Palladium (0) and a basic medium to give new derivatives of Diphenyl (2-7). The derivatives that were manufactured were Characterization through the FT-IR spectroscopy, proton magnetic resonance spectrum1H-NMR, and carbon carbon resonance spectrum13C-NMR. In addition to the elemental analysis C.H.N, the cytotoxicity of the derivatives (2-4) was examined in the laboratory on a MCF-7 and SK-LU-1 using the MTT assay, and it was found that the derivative (2) had very good efficacy at a certain concentration.
Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of thiazolyl azo ligand complexes with some metal ions
Authors: Ali Dahi Marwa , Jarad Amer J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
(E)-2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yliazenyl)-4-methoxyaniline was synthesized by reaction the diazonium salt of 2-aminobenzothiazole with 4-methoxyaniline. Identified of the ligand by spectral techniques (UV-Vis, FTIR, 1HNMR and LC-Mass) and microelemental analysis (C.H.N.S.O) are used to produce of the azo ligand. Complexes of (Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+) were synthesized and identified using atomic absorption of flame, elemental analysis, infrared and UV-Vis spectral process as well conductivity and magnetic quantifications. Nature of compounds produced have been studied followed the mole ratio and continuous contrast methods, Beer’s law followed during a concentration scope (1×10−4-3×10−4 mole/L). height molar absorptivity of compound solutions have been noticed. Analytical data showed that all the complexes out to 1:2 metal-ligand ratio. At the radix for physicochemical datum an octahedral structure have been described at compounds. other than the biological studies of all produced compounds was evaluation against different kinds of antimicrobial strains.
A comparative study of ZnO, CuO and a binary mixture of ZnO0.5-CuO0.5 with nano-dye on the efficiency of the dye-sensitized solar cell
Authors: Abdul-Ameer Aboud Nibras , Alkayat Wafaa M.S , Hussain Dhia H , Rheima Ahmed Mahdi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this study, ZnO, CuO, and ZnO-CuO nanostructure with ZnO: CuO molar ratios of 1:1M, have been successfully synthesized via photolysis method. The synthesized nanostructure was designed to explore its morphology, structure and pureness. The XRD analysis confirmed that the synthesized particles are within the range of nanometers with their average particle size of below 100 nm, with SEM images showing the shape of the nanostructure. The purety of oxides was confirmed by the EDX analysis. Furthermore, the effect of adding nano dye on the performance of Dye sensitizes solar cells. Results showed that the added nano dye as A novel Nano copper complex as Bis [4-[(5-acetyl-2-aminophenyl) diazenyl]-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3 (2H)-one] copper (II). In order to increase the surface grittiness of the active layer, hydrate improved absorption in the visible region. The power conversion efficiency (PCE), which was caused by an increase in Voc, Jsc and FF of the manufactured device, was improved through the inclusion of inorganic Dye.
Low cost adsorbents for the removal of pharmaceutical pollutants from aqueous solution: Thymine drug as a model
Authors: Aljeboree Aseel M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
With the permanent rise of pollutants environmental, the threat to life human, fauna and flora too increasing. Removal of toxic pollutants by adsorption on Activated Carbon (Apricot stone) has shown immense potential. The experiments were carried out to drug uptake by Apricot stone activated by H2SO4. Deferent physiochemical parameters for example, contact time, initial Thymine drug concentration, weight of (AC) and temp. were investigated in system batch-adsorption. The equilibrium time at normal pH was found 2h. Result showed that the adsorption of Thymine drug increase with increase in primary concentration Thymine drug, and egestion time but decreases with the mass of AC, temp. of the method. The equilibrium data were estimated utilizing Freundlich, Langmuir isotherms. Langmuir, model best describes the uptake of Thymine drug. study the adsorption of drug from aqueous solution detect the potential of AC to be used as an substitutional, cheap, and benign environmentally adsorbent for purification water. The concentration of Thymine drug was measured before and after adsorption via utilizing UV-Visible spectrophotometer at 360 nm.
Synthesis, characterization of new 5-(4-nitrophenyl)-4-((4 phenoxybenzylidene)amino)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol metal complexes and study of the antibacterial activity
Authors: Bader Ali T. , Rasheed Nada A. , Aljeboree M. , Alkaiml Ayad F. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A new Schiff base ligand(HL) was synthesized by condensation of 4-amino-5-(4-nitrophenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol with 4-phenoxybenzaldehyde. A new three metal complexes Zn (II), Cd (II) and Hg (II) with Schiff ligand (HL) ware synthesized by molar ratio of ligand : metal as 2:1. The ligand and metal complexes were characterization by H1-NMR, FT-IR, Atomic absorption, CHNS analysis, molar conductivity magnetic susceptibility and melting point. There are study thermal analysis TGA-DTG for the ligand and metal complexes. All complexes were found to be non-electrolyte. The biological activity (antibacterial) in-vitro are investigated for the complexes at prepared concentration (1*10-3 M) and showed inhibition ability against growth of the four types of pathogenic bacteria: [Staphylococcus aurous. and Streptococcus sp.] as gram positive and [Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa] as gram negative. The most of these complexes are effective against both types of bacteria in varying degree, with high activity for Hg (II) complexes.
Protective Effects of Ginger extract against Methotrexate induced cytotoxicity in mice
Authors: Aziz Dhifaf Zeki , Kadhim Naser Jawad , Majeed Ali A. , Abood Ali Hassan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Ginger (Zingiber officinalis) is one of the frequently used spices in the world and medicinal plant, which has been used all over the world. This study was designed to investigate the role of aqueous ginger extract to inhibit the genotoxicity of methotrexate (MTX) in female albino mice by using these parameters: mitotic index (MI), chromosome aberrations (CA) and micronuclei formation (MNPCE) in somatic cells (bone marrow). The cytological protection of aqueous ginger extract (AGE) was performed at doses (25, 50) mg \ kg against MTX effects (0.5) mg/kg for three weeks exposure. The results revealed the high inhibitory effects of MTX for cell division in addition to induction of chromosome aberration with micronuclei formation, the absence of cytotoxicity for AGE at tested doses, and the inhibitory efficiency of AGE against the toxicity and mutagenicity of MTX, specially at the dose 50 mg\kg. From the results we can concluded that the AGE has a promising role in the protection of somatic cells from cytotoxic effects of methotrexate.
The atheroprotective effects of Vitamin E in hypercholestrolemic male rabbits
Authors: Alsahlawi Zaid M , Ridha Mahdi M , Hadi Najah R 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground: Atherosclerosis remain as a major health problem occasioning early death in much of the world’s people. The ancestry of this diseases related to genetic influences and dietary improperly. The main sources of dietary cholesterol are eggs, meat, and milk products, which induced hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in some species of animals. Materials and Methods: Eighteen local domestic male rabbits will be randomly allocated into 3 groups, 6 in each Group: Group I (n = 6), control; Group II (n = 6), rabbits were receiving 1% cholesterol diet (induced untreated group); Group III (n = 6), 1% cholesterol-diet + Vitamin E (400 mg/kg daily orally). After zero time, four weeks and eight weeks of the study Blood samples were collected for lipid profile (triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lip protein and serum IL-6, serum high sensitive C-Reactive Protein hs-CRP, serum MCP-1 and serum HMG-box1. Results: Data of this present study has shown that, high fat diet diet caused an increase in serum level of, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C and TG were increased and decrease serum level of HDL-C compared with the control group in the rabbits feed hyper cholesterolemic diet (P < 0.05). Histologically all induced-untreated rabbit showed increase aortic intima-media thickness (P < 0.05). Vitamin E treated cause significant change on lipid profile (P < 0.05) compared with the induced untreated group. in compared with induced untreated group (P < 0.05), Vitamin E showed significant the change in hs-CRP, IL-6, MCP-1 and HMG-box1.
Effect of DAP Fertilizer on Yield and Components of Soft Wheat Cultivars
Authors: Mater AL Fahdawi Hamada Muslih , Musleh Mohammed H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFour cultivars of soft wheat (Abu Ghraib, IPA 99, Sham 6 and Al Ezz) were planted in sandy loam soil in one of the countryside of Ramadi in the two agricultural seasons 2012-2013 and 2013-2014. The aim of the study was to know the growth and production of these cultivars under the influence of levels of DAP fertilizer (0, 100, 200 and 300) kg.h−1. The cultivars (main plot) and levels of fertilizer (Sub-plots). These factors (4×4) were input with design in RCBD at three replicates. The seeds were sown at a rate of 120 kg.h−1on the first half of December. The results showed that IPA 99 had the highest mean spike length by 12.8 and 12.4 cm and while the highest number of grains were 90.0 and 83.7 for each spike, which resulted in high grain yield 6.9 and 4.2 t.h−1which was non significantly different from the product of Abu Ghraib and Sham 6, which gave high rates of grain in both seasons. Sham 6 has the highest number of spike per square meter 484.8 and 469.3 spikes in both seasons. The addition of DAP fertilizer didn’t affect the length of spike, number of grains per spike and the weight of 1000 grains, while the effect of adding it significantly in the number of spikes per square meter and the grain yield. Adding the level of fertilizer 200 and 300 kg.h−1gave the highest rate of the number of spikes that reached (432.6, 436.7) in the first season and (437.5, 438.0) spike in the second season, as well as the highest equivalent of the grain yield of 6.7 and 4.1 t.h−1respectively. In conclusion cultivars varied in their productivity and showed an obvious response to the addition of DAP fertilizer, especially the addition of 200 kg.h−1, which is capable of processing the necessary nitrogen and phosphorus for the growth and production of wheat.
Evaluate the efficacy of Probiotic Lactobacilli on growth and biofilm formation in Streptococcus mutans isolated from gingivitis
Authors: Hezam Abbas Mayar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the antibacterial effects of Probiotic Lactobacilli against Streptococcus mutans isolates. A total of 13/52 (25%) S. mutans isolates were collected from patients suffering from gingivitis, which were identified using morphological characteristics, biochemical tests and PCR technique. Micro titer plate method was used to detect the biofilm formation in tested bacterial isolates by measuring optical density (OD) using ELISA reader at a wavelength 640 nm. The results revealed that only 10/13 (77%) isolates produced the biofilm. Based on the results obtained in this study, the isolates were classified according to their ability to the biofilm formation as follows: the isolates with thick biofilm (OD ≥ 0.300 nm), the isolates with moderate biofilm (OD 0.2-0.3 nm), the isolates with thin biofilm (OD 0.1-0.2 nm) and Non-productive isolates of biofilm (OD < 0.1 nm). On the other hand, the agar well diffusion method was used to evaluate the effectiveness of Probiotic Lactobacilli against the growth of bacterial isolates by measuring the inhibition zones around the wells containing of probiotics (50, 100 mg/ml and stock). The results indicate that inhibition zones of the tested isolates were weak at 50 mg/ml, moderate at 100 mg/ml and strong at stock solution. A modified crystal violet test in well micro-titer plates was used to detect the ability of isolates to the biofilm formation after treatment with various concentrations of Probiotic Lactobacilli by measuring optical density (OD). The results indicate a decrease in the ability of the tested isolates to the biofilm formation compared to control where the isolates treated with probiotics at 50 mg/ml formed a strong biofilm (OD 0.300 - 0.341 nm) and the isolates treated with probiotics at 100 mg/ml formed moderate biofilm (OD 0.209 - 0.263 nm), while the isolates treated with the stock solution of probiotics formed a thin biofilm (OD 0.144 - 0.198 nm). In conclusion, the results of the current study indicate that the Probiotic Lactobacilli have inhibitory effect on growth and biofilm formation in Streptococcus mutans isolates and the antibacterial activity of Probiotic Lactobacilli is increased with increasing concentration.
Biological Effective of crude secondary compounds of Leaves Datura innoxia in the Non-cumulative for mortality of Immature insect Culex quinquefasciatus Say(Diptera : Culicidae)
Authors: Anon Mohamed Reda , Ali Adday Wassen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The present research evaluated the efficacy of crude secondary compounds (phenolic, terpenes and alkaline) respectively using concentrations(2000,1500,1000,500,250,100 ppm) For plant leaves Datura innoxia and their effect on the non-cumulative mortality of the immature stage of Culex quinquefaciatus Say mosquitoes where LC50 and LC90 by probit analysis were estimated The phenolic extract of the leaves D.innoxia plant was the most affected terpenes and alkaline in the non-cumulative mortality of the immature instar where LC50 for ppm 2089.89) (986.5, 1610.39, egg mortality was (phenolic, terpenes and alkaline) respectively. For the four larva linstar, the first larval instar were the most sensitive of the larval instar of all extracts where LC50(50.77, 97.23, 124.6, 164.4), (79.65, 113.9, 146.1, 227.18),(102.8, 133.65, 168.6, 331.07) for phenolic, terpenes and alkaline respectively. In instar pupa, the value of LC50 (186.3, 829.1, 1147.4)ppm for phenolic, terpenes and alkaline respectively.
Determination some virulence genes (avrxacE2, avrxacEl, hrpG, acrAB) in Pantoea spp. isolated from hospitals of Al-Diwaniyah city, Iraq
Authors: Abdulamir Athraa , Al-baaj Abdulrab , Khowman Al-Ramahy Syoof 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Pantoea spp. is one of the opportunistic pathogens, which causes the spread of hospital infection due to its transformation from bacteria to plant organisms to human pathogenic bacteria. A total of 623 samples were collected and distributed as 483 samples of different clinical cases (77.52%) and 140 environmental samples (22.47%) from Diwaniyah city hospitals. The results showed that 24 isolates of pantoea spp.s had been confirmed using API-20E Polymerase chain reaction technology. The current study reported the presence of two types of pathogens for the Pantoea spp.: the first is Pantoea agglomerans and Pantoea calida in hospitals in the city of Diwaniyah. Pantoea agglomerans was occurring in the studied isolates at a higher rate (2.27%) than Pantoea calida. All isolates of Pantoea spp were tested for the prevalence of virulence genes (avrxacE2, avrxacEl, hrpG, acrAB) using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The highest incidence of hrpG was recorded as 79.16%, followed by avraxacE2 gene were 13 (54.16%). The current study did not record any presence of the virulence genes (avrxacE1 acrAB) among the isolates of Pantoea spp.
Induction of Rhizophagy by yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in roots of lettuce Lactuca sativa
Authors: Abdul Ameer Maha Ali , Nafea Hussein Hameed 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This work is part of a scientific project that aims to study the effect of adding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on growth, productivity and nutritional value of two varieties of lettuce (Lactuca sativa), planted in a hydroponic system. Here we extend experimental approaches to detect the Rhizophagy process induced by added S.cerevisiae to hydroponic nutritive solution. An Laboratory anatomical study was conducted to detect and investigate the occurrence of Rhizophagy phenomenon induced by yeast cells. Results showed that the yeast cells aggregate around the root cells of lettuce, and then enter the cells, followed by digestion and disappearance.
A physiological study of the effect of some food additives on the hypothalamic-pituitary-testis axis in male albino rats
Authors: Alsudani Arjwan A , Alhamadawi Hussein A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This research was conducted to know the effect of food additives Carmoisine, Monosodium Glutamate, and Sodium Benzoate on hypothalamic-pituitary-testis axis by measuring the level of some hormones (Luteinizing Hormone, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Testosterone Hormone and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone) and biochemical parameters (Malondialdehyde, Superoxide dismutase, Catalase and glutathione). The current study included 32 male albino rats distributed in four groups, each group contains 8 animals, and the dose lasted for two months. The first group administered the dose of normal drinking water, the second group carmoisine at a concentration of 250 mg/kg of body weight, the third group-administered Monosodium Glutamate at a concentration of 15 mg/kg of body weight and the fourth group dosed the Sodium Benzoate at a concentration of 15 mg/kg of body weight. The results of the current study showed a significant decrease in the level of concentration of Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Testosterone Hormone (T) and Gonadotropin. Releasing Hormone (GnRH) in animal serum for groups treated with food additives (T1, T2, T3) compared to the control group(C1). Results as well as was shown a significant increase in the level of Malondialdehyde and a significant decrease in the level of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants (Superoxide dismutase, Catalase and glutathione)in serum blood for group animals (T1, T2, T3) compared to control group (C1).
Hookah Smoking with Health Risk Perception of Different Types of Tobacco
Authors: Jamil H J , Albahri M R A , Al-Noor N H , Al-Noor T H , Heydari A R , Rajan A K , Arnetz J , Arnetz B , Tawfiq L N M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Hookah is a tobacco product that is gaining popularity in the United States and other countries, particularly among the youth. In this paper, we examine the perception of health risks of different types of tobacco use in comparison to hookah use among 671 participants respond to a survey conducted in Detroit Metropolitan Area, Michigan who never smoke or smoke “cigarette, hookah, both cigarette and hookah”; and determine whether smoking status influenced the perceived health risks of hookah smoking when compared to other forms of tobacco use. The survey had 43 questions including questions about demographics, socioeconomic status, health care, etc. All statistical analyses were done using SPSS version 22. This study found that 44.1% of the participants believed that hookah was less harmful than each of the other tobacco products studied. Approximately 26% of cigarette smokers are likely to smoke hookah also. These findings emphasize the importance of spreading awareness about the health risks associated with hookah smoking and implementing strict laws for showing tobacco-related warnings in hookah advertisements and on the packets of hookah accessories given the increasing popularity of hookah, especially among the youth, in the United States.