bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food for thought: The underutilized potential of tropical tree‐sourced foods for 21st century sustainable food systems
Authors: Jansen Merel , Guariguata Manuel R. , Raneri Jessica E. , Ickowitz Amy , Chiriboga‐Arroyo Fidel , Quaedvlieg Julia , Kettle Chris J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

The global food system is causing large‐scale environmental degradation and is a major contributor to climate change. Its low diversity and failure to produce enough fruits and vegetables is contributing to a global health crisis.

The extraordinary diversity of tropical tree species is increasingly recognized to be vital to planetary health and especially important for supporting climate change mitigation. However, they are poorly integrated into food systems. Tropical tree diversity offers the potential for sustainable production of many foods, providing livelihood benefits and multiple ecosystem services including improved human nutrition.

First, we present an overview of these environmental, nutritional and livelihood benefits and show that tree‐sourced foods provide important contributions to critical fruit and micronutrient (vitamin A and C) intake in rural populations based on data from sites in seven countries.

Then, we discuss several risks and limitations that must be taken into account when scaling‐up tropical tree‐based food production, including the importance of production system diversity and risks associated with supply to the global markets.

We conclude by discussing several interventions addressing technical, financial, political and consumer behaviour barriers, with potential to increase the consumption and production of tropical tree‐sourced foods, to catalyse a transition towards more sustainable global food systems.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
RASopathies: A significant cause of polyhydramnios?
Authors: Mangels Rachel , Blumenfeld Yair J. , Homeyer Margaret , Mrazek‐Pugh Barbora , Hintz Susan R. , Hudgins Louanne 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of RASopathies in a polyhydramnios cohort selected by postnatal medical genetics evaluation.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we reviewed 622 pregnancies with polyhydramnios seen at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital between 2008 and 2017. The findings from 131 cases evaluated by Medical Genetics were included in our final analysis. Genetic testing information was extracted to determine the rate of chromosomal or single gene conditions focusing on the RASopathies. Additional variables collected were: maternal characteristics, ultrasound findings, and the severity and timing of diagnosis of polyhydramnios.ResultsPostnatal genetic testing or clinical examination identified a genetic disorder in 63 (48.1%) cases, more than half (n = 33) of which had a single gene condition. Postnatal testing revealed an underlying RASopathy in 15 (11.5%) cases. An underlying RASopathy was significantly associated with the severity and timing of polyhydramnios (p < 0.05).ConclusionFocusing on a selected cohort postnatally evaluated by Medical Genetics, our study identified a chromosomal or genetic disorder in almost half of pregnancies complicated by polyhydramnios. Specifically, an underlying RASopathy was found in 11.5% of cases with 13/15 of these cases having additional ultrasound findings.
Effects of epoxy resin crosslinking networks on stereocomplexation of poly(l‐lactic acid)/poly(d‐lactic acid) racemic blends
Authors: Li Zhaolei , Ye Xinxin , Meng Chunfeng , Zhou Haijun , Guo Weijie , Chen Shangtao , Zhang Jianming , Yan Chao , Dufresne Alain 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn contrast to existing methods that add specific substances to poly(l‐lactic acid)/poly(d‐lactic acid) racemic blends to enhance stereocomplexation, in this study, a crosslinkable epoxy resin (EP) was introduced into a racemic blend. The results showed that, when the mass ratio of EP to racemic blend was 0.2:1 (EP:racemic blend = 0.2), regardless of the amount of diethylenetriamine (DETA) curing agent, homo‐crystals in the racemic blend were essentially inhibited. With a fixed EP content, a 0.05:1 DETA to EP mass ratio resulted in a homogeneous poly(l‐lactic acid)/poly(d‐lactic acid)/EP/DETA mixture. Uniformly dispersed EP network promoted the stereocomplexation of the racemic blend from the melt, but delayed the lamellar thickening of the stereocomplex crystals during heating. Thus, the constrained chain diffusion caused by the uniformly dispersed EP network was likely responsible for these contradictory results. Introducing uniformly dispersed network into poly(l‐lactic acid)/poly(d‐lactic acid) racemic blends is presumably a promising approach for gaining more insight into poly(lactic acid) stereocomplexation. © 2020 Society of Industrial Chemistry
Preparation, spectroscopic study of Schiff base derived from dopamine and metal Ni(II), Pd(II), and Pt(IV) complexes, and activity determination as antioxidants
Authors: Kareem May J. , Al‐Hamdani Abbas Ali Salih , Jirjees Vian Yamin , Khan Mohammad Ehtisham , Allaf Abdul Wahab , Al Zoubi Wail 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA new Schiff base (HL2) ligand (4‐{2‐[(2‐hydroxy‐benzylidene)‐amino]‐ethyl}‐benzene‐1,2‐diol) has been synthesized by condensing of 4‐(2‐amino‐ethyl)‐benzene‐1,2‐diol and 2‐hydroxy‐benzaldehyde. In turn, its transition metal complexes were prepared, having the following general formulas: Ni(L2)2, Pd(L2)2, and Pt(L2)22Cl. The prepared ligand and its metal complexes Ni(II), Pd(II), and Pt(IV) have been characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) elemental analysis, metal content, chloride content, molar conductance, ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectra, magnetic susceptibility, mass spectrometry (MS) spectra, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The consequences proposed that Schiff base acts like a bidentate ligand for all the prepared complexes. The antioxidant performance of as‐prepared compounds was inspected using the DPPH radical scavenging method. The compounds showed antioxidant activities of scavenging free radicals.
Homemade valved holding chambers for children with airway hyperresponsiveness: A randomized crossover trial
Authors: Chaicoming Kesanee , Preutthipan Aroonwan , Adirekkittikun Anusorn , Nugboon Malinee 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, a metered‐dose inhaler (MDI) with a valved holding chamber (VHC) is a preferred route of bronchodilator delivery. We have developed a new homemade VHC, made of a paper coffee cup, and a drinking water bottle. This study was conducted to compare the bronchodilator response in children with airway hyperresponsiveness after the use of our homemade VHC and that of a standard commercial one.MethodsIn a randomized, two‐period, two‐sequence crossover trial, we recruited 20 children, aged 6‐15 years, who had a greater than 12% increase in FEV1 after inhaled salbutamol. They were randomized into Group A and B. Group A used our VHC on the first day and Aerochamber® on the second day. Group B used the same VHCs but in alternate sequence. Spirometries were performed before and after 400 µg of salbutamol, MDI was administered via those VHCs.ResultsBaseline demographic data and spirometric values did not have statistically significant differences between group A and B and between the first and second day (p > .05). After giving salbutamol MDI, both VHCs produced significant increases in FVC, FEV1, and FEF25‐75% (p < .005). The improvement in FEV1 did not significantly differ between our homemade VHC and Aerochamber® (p > .05).ConclusionOur homemade VHC is effective for an MDI bronchodilator delivery. Since it is very cheap and easy to make, it may be used as a disposable device to minimize airborne transmission especially when commercial VHC is not available.
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion during Ratchet Growth of TATB Compactions
Authors: Graff Thompson Darla , Woznick Caitlin S. , DeLuca Racci , Scott Sidney J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTriamino trinitrobenzene (TATB) is an insensitive high explosive, meaning that it is quite immune from accidental detonation and only performs in appropriately engineered configurations. While this is advantageous for applications, the TATB crystal is graphitic and possesses significant thermal and mechanical anisotropy. Compactions of TATB crystals, with or without binder, have been shown to have oriented TATB crystals that relate to the pressing geometry and process, and this TATB texture necessarily imparts microscale and macroscale anisotropy to the compaction. By a mechanism not fully understood, thermal cycling results in irreversible volume expansion (also called ratchet growth) of the compaction likely by creating stress points on the microscale. Changes in density caused by thermal cycling can certainly effect the explosive performance. Our past characterization of the ratchet growth phenomenon has focused on the magnitude of the irreversible strain as measured before and after a thermal cycle. In the work presented here, we analyze the evolving thermal expansion behavior during the ascending and descending temperature ramps, providing further insight into the material changes taking place during the ratchet growth phenomenon.
Active resilient control for two‐dimensional systems under denial‐of‐service attacks
Authors: Ma Renjie , Shi Peng , Wu Ligang 
Published: November 2020

SummaryAs the backbone of Industrial 4.0, cyber‐physical systems (CPSs) are widely applicable in industrial processes. In this paper, a resilient control is designed for a class of two‐dimensional (2D) CPSs with the occurrence of Denial‐of‐Service (DoS) attacks. Firstly, we model the physical layer of CPSs as a 2D Fornasini‐Marchesini plant and set up the stability issue as preliminaries. Next, for CPSs suffering from DoS attacks, under which the controller operating in the fog layer is attacked by adversaries, sufficient conditions are established to guarantee the exponential stability of the underlying systems, and the corresponding switched control is designed to make a prescribed system performance is satisfied. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the effectiveness and potential of the proposed design methods.
Stochastic modeling and scalable predictive control for automated demand response
Authors: Kobayashi Koichi , Hiraishi Kunihiko 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAutomated demand response (ADR) is a utility program that is designed to achieve electricity conservation. An ADR program is regarded as the problem of controlling the power consumption of a set of consumers. In this article, we propose a control‐theoretic approach for an ADR program. First, a mathematical model of the power consumption is proposed. This model can express complex behavior by switching a Markov chain. Its effectiveness is illustrated by modeling the power consumption of an air‐conditioner. Next, a new method of model predictive control for a set of consumers is developed using the proposed model. The control strategy at each time is chosen from a given finite set by solving a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem. The advantage of the proposed method is that the MILP problem is scalable with respect to the number of consumers. To show its effectiveness, we present a numerical example.
The Role of Professional Networks in Supporting and Developing Real World Learning
Authors: Brindley Joanne , Sims Stuart 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe chapter provides insight into how professional learning networks can be effectively implemented to encourage the sharing of good practice and developed to support a real world learning context within higher education. Observations will be provided into the potential use and effectiveness of professional learning networks, including setting out a framework which maps how this type of learning activity can be effectively developed and administered within higher education settings.This section provides a forward narrative for the case studies from the University of Portsmouth, which acts as a vehicle for contextualising the effectiveness and prerequisites required for effective learning networks to be established. The chapter will culminate by providing the reader with a proposed approach for the implementation of an effective learning network.
Designing and Supporting Extraordinary Work Experience
Authors: Morley Dawn A. , Marchbank Paul , Steyger Tony , Taylor Lesley , Diaz Anita , Calleja Pauline 
Published: November 2020

Abstract“There is a big difference between a lesson that is about the practice and takes place outside of it, and explanations and stories that are part of the practice and take place within it” (Wenger,Communities of practice. Learning, meaning and identity. Cambridge University Press, New York, 1998, p. 100).The real world learning experienced by students on placement is highly significant (Morley,Enhancing employability in higher education through work based learning. Palgrave Macmillan, 2018). This chapter focuses on how these experiences can be accelerated from being part of courses to a pivotal event towards students’ future development.The chapter explores emerging areas of practice pedagogy and how innovative design can bridge the theory-practice divide and support structures between university and work. The chapter is contextualised in the higher education landscape where students ‘work readiness’ is gaining greater traction and how attributes for employability are developed during university.
Making Projects Real in a Higher Education Context
Authors: Hanney Roy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChallenging educators to rethink projects and see them as a practice rather than as a model of management the authors explore the possibilities for using live projects to enhance real world learning in higher education. Drawing on the work of the ‘critical projects movement’ the chapter outlines a theoretical underpinning for reconceptualising projects as a practice and proposes a new pedagogic model that of ‘agile learning’. Framing the use of live projects is a mode of real world learning that generates encounters with industry professionals and provides real-value outputs for clients. The chapter explores the challenges that face educators who wish to foreground ‘social learning’ and engagement with communities of practice as a means of easing the transition for students from education to the world of work.
Soziale Ungleichheit im Bildungssystem
Authors: Rutter Sabrina 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
In den folgenden Unterkapiteln werden zunächst empirische Schlaglichter auf aktuelle Befunde zu sozialer Ungleichheit im deutschen Bildungssystem geworfen. Anschließend erfolgt eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit der Frage nach der Herstellung und Überwindung sozialer Ungleichheit in der Schule. Hierbei werden die Theorie der rationalen Entscheidung von Raymond Boudon sowie der gesellschaftskritische Erklärungsansatz von Pierre Bourdieu ausgeführt und entsprechende empirische Untersuchungen präsentiert.
Habituelle Dispositionen von Lehrkräften zur Unterstützung sozial benachteiligter Schüler*innen: Ergebnisse der Einzelfallanalysen
Authors: Rutter Sabrina 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Kapitel wird zunächst der Auswahlprozess von vier Einzelfällen aus dem Gesamtsample und die Darstellungsweise der empirischen Ergebnisse beschrieben, um anschließend zu dem Hauptteil dieser Arbeit zu gelangen: In detaillierter Weise werden die unterschiedlichen Perspektiven vorgestellt, die die befragten Lehrkräfte auf ihre Schüler*innen- und Elternschaft einnehmen. Dieses Kapitel zielt auf die Entschlüsselung handlungsleitender Orientierungen hinsichtlich der Unterstützung sozial benachteiligter Schüler*innen. Hierbei wird der Einzelfall entlang der zuvor umrissenen modifizierten Analysedimensionen betrachtet.
Bone metabolism is a key factor for clinical outcome of tibial plateau fractures
Authors:   The “Fracture committee” of the German Knee Society, Krause Matthias , Alm Lena , Berninger Markus , Domnick Christoph , Fehske Kai , Frosch Karl-Heinz , Herbst Elmar , Korthaus Alexander , Raschke Michael , Hoffmann Reinhard 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Given that tibial plateau fractures (TPF) are rare, they may pose a challenge to the treating surgeon due to their variety of complex fracture patterns. Numerous studies have identified potential fracture-specific, surgery-related, and patient-related risk factors for impaired patient outcomes. However, reports on the influence of bone metabolism on functional outcomes are missing.

Methods
In a retrospective multicenter cohort study, 122 TPF of 121 patients were analyzed with respect to radiological and clinical outcomes (Rasmussen) with a mean follow-up of 35.7 ± 24.9 months. The risk factor assessment included bone metabolism-affecting comorbidities and medication.

Results
The findings showed that 95.9% of the patients reported a good-to-excellent clinical outcome, and 97.4% reported a good-to-excellent radiological outcome. Logistic regression revealed that potentially impaired bone metabolism (IBM) was an independent risk factor for the clinical (p = 0.016) but not the radiological outcome (Table 4). Patients with 41-type B fractures and a potential IBM had a seven times higher risk to present a fair-to-poor clinical outcome [OR 7.45, 95 CI (4.30, 12.92)]. The most common objective impairment was a limited range of motion in 16.4% of the patients, especially in 41-type C fractures (p = 0.06). The individual failure analysis additionally identified surgery-related options for improvement.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated that potential IBM was an independent risk factor for a poor-to-fair clinical outcome.
Assessing the extent of local crust assimilation within the Flatreef, northern limb of the Bushveld Igneous Complex, using sulfur isotopes and trace element geochemistry
Authors: Keir-Sage Evan , Leybourne Matthew I. , Jugo Pedro J. , Grobler Danie F. , Mayer Cédric C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe proximity to metasedimentary footwall rocks relative to platinum group element (PGE) mineralized intrusive rocks in the northern limb of the Bushveld Igneous Complex (BIC) has resulted in complex local contamination in the intrusions. To assess the extent of incorporation of non-magmatic material and its effects on PGE mineralization, major element, trace element, and S isotopic data were collected from drill core UMT094 on the Turfspruit farm, where core logging has shown that the mineralized Platreef, forming the Flatreef deposit, is located stratigraphically well above local sedimentary footwall rocks. The S isotopic data combined with whole rock geochemistry data (including CaO/Al2O3, (V/Ti)PM, (Ni/Cr)PM, S/Se, loss on ignition) were used to assess incorporation of a range of local footwall material. The δ34S data show a steady decrease from the footwall assimilation zone (δ34S typically + 8 to + 9‰, maximum 12‰) to near constant δ34S values (δ34S < + 4‰) below the main PGE reef. Similar values have been documented for the Merensky Reef in the eastern and western limbs of the BIC (δ34S ~ 0 to + 3.5‰). Other geochemical parameters, such as S/Se and CaO/Al2O3, also match the ranges documented for the Merensky Reef elsewhere in the BIC. In addition, parameters such as whole rock V/Ti, normalized to primitive mantle (V/Ti)PM, are shown to be useful indicators of contamination and the type of contaminant with 1 < (V/Ti)PM < 2 for uncontaminated magmatic units; [V/Ti]pm > 2 for shale assimilation; and [V/Ti]pm < 1 for carbonate assimilation. The results suggest that the main PGE mineralization in the Flatreef deposit formed without significant in situ contamination and that the primary mechanism of PGE mineralization in the Platreef at Turfspruit was no different than the mechanism that generated the Merensky Reef in the eastern and western limbs of the BIC.
Examining Perioperative Risk Associated with Simultaneous Resection of Primary Neuroendocrine Tumors and Synchronous Hepatic Metastases
Authors: Heidenreich Bethany M. , Kemp Bohan Phillip M. , Flor Remigio J. , Bader Julia O. , Vreeland Timothy J. , O'Connor Victoria V. , Nelson Daniel W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundSurgical debulking of primary neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and hepatic resection of metastatic NET disease may each independently improve overall survival. However, evidence for combined primary site debulking and metastasectomy on survival and impact on short‐term perioperative outcomes is limited.MethodsThe 2014–2016 ACS‐NSQIP targeted hepatectomy database was queried for all patients undergoing liver resection for metastatic NET. Secondary procedure codes were evaluated for major concurrent operations. Multivariable analysis was performed to determine risk factors for 30‐day morbidity and mortality.ResultsA total of 472 patients were identified, of whom 153 (32.4%) underwent ≥1 additional concurrent major operation. The most common concurrent procedures were small bowel resection (14.6%), partial colectomy (8.9%), and radical lymphadenectomy (7.4%). Among all patients, overall 30‐day mortality and morbidity were 1.5% and 25.6%, respectively. Modifiable and treatment‐related factors associated with increased major postoperative morbidity risk included >10% weight loss within six months of surgery (p = 0.05), increasing number of hepatic lesions treated (p = 0.05), and biliary reconstruction (p = 0.001). No major concurrent procedure was associated with increased 30‐day morbidity (all p > 0.05).ConclusionsApproximately one‐third of patients with stage IV NET underwent combined hepatic and multi‐organ resection. Although modifiable and treatment‐related factors predictive of perioperative morbidity were identified, performance of concurrent major procedures did not increase perioperative morbidity. These results support consideration of multi‐organ resection in carefully selected patients with metastatic NET.