bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells inhibit vein graft intimal hyperplasia and accelerate reendothelialization by enhancing endothelial function
Authors: Qu Qingxi , Pang Yingxin , Zhang Chunmei , Liu Linghong , Bi Yanwen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
In our previous research, we found that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation therapy can inhibit intimal hyperplasia and enhance endothelial function in arterialized vein grafts in rats. However, whether MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-exosomes) can reduce neointimal formation and its possible mechanism is still unclear.

Methods
The primary human umbilical cord MSCs (hucMSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were isolated and characterized by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. The exosomes derived from hucMSCs (hucMSC-exosomes) were identified by transmission electron microscopy and western blots. hucMSC-exosomes were intravenously injected into a rat model of vein grafting, and its effect on vein grafts reendothelialization and intimal hyperplasia was assessed by physical, histological, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence examinations. The effects of hucMSC-exosomes on endothelial cells were evaluated by integrated experiment, EdU staining, scratch assay, and Transwell assay. The expression levels of key gene and pathways associated with the biological activity of vascular endothelial cells were evaluated following the stimulation of hucMSC-exosomes.

Results
We successfully isolated and characterized primary hucMSCs and hucMSC-exosomes and primary HUVECs. We verified that the systemic administration of hucMSC-exosomes accelerates reendothelialization and decreases intimal hyperplasia of autologous vein graft in a rat model. We also identified that hucMSC-exosomes can be uptaken by endothelial cells to stimulate cell proliferative and migratory activity in vitro. Furthermore, we detected that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important part in hucMSC-exosome-mediated proliferation and migration in HUVECs. In addition, we also provided evidence that the signalling pathways of PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK1/2 take part in hucMSC-exosome-induced VEGF regulation.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that hucMSC-exosomes exert a vasculoprotective role in the setting of vein graft disease, which may provide a new clue to protect against vein graft failure in the future.
Kinetic analysis of HER2-binding ABY-025 Affibody molecule using dynamic PET in patients with metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Alhuseinalkhudhur Ali , Lubberink Mark , Lindman Henrik , Tolmachev Vladimir , Frejd Fredrik Y. , Feldwisch Joachim , Velikyan Irina , Sörensen Jens 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundHigh expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) represents an aggressive subtype of breast cancer. Anti-HER2 treatment requires a theragnostic approach wherein sufficiently high receptor expression in biopsy material is mandatory. Heterogeneity and discordance of HER2 expression between primary tumour and metastases, as well as within a lesion, present a complication for the treatment and require multiple biopsies. Molecular imaging using the HER2-targeting Affibody peptide ABY-025 radiolabelled with68Ga-gallium for PET/CT is currently under investigation as a non-invasive tool for whole-body evaluation of metastatic HER2 expression. Initial studies demonstrated a high correlation between68Ga-ABY-025 standardized uptake values (SUVs) and histopathology. However, detecting small liver lesions might be compromised by high background uptake. This study aimed to explore the applicability of kinetic modelling and parametric image analysis for absolute quantification of68Ga-ABY-025 uptake and HER2-receptor expression and how that relates to static SUVs.MethodsDynamic68Ga-ABY-025 PET of the upper abdomen was performed 0-45 min post-injection in 16 patients with metastatic breast cancer. Five patients underwent two examinations to test reproducibility. Parametric images of tracer delivery (K1) and irreversible binding (Ki) were created with an irreversible two-tissue compartment model and Patlak graphical analysis using an image-derived input function from the descending aorta. A volume of interest (VOI)-based analysis was performed to validate parametric images. SUVs were calculated from 2 h and 4 h post-injection static whole-body images and compared toKi.ResultsCharacterization of HER2 expression in smaller liver metastases was improved using parametric images.Kivalues from parametric images agreed very well with VOI-based gold standard (R2> 0.99,p< 0.001). SUVs of metastases at 2 h and 4 h post-injection were highly correlated withKivalues from both the two-tissue compartment model and Patlak method (R2= 0.87 and 0.95, bothp< 0.001).68Ga-ABY-025 PET yielded high test-retest reliability (relative repeatability coefficient for Patlak 30% and for the two-tissue compartment model 47%).Conclusion68Ga-ABY-025 binding in HER2-positive metastases was well characterized by irreversible two-tissue compartment model whereinKihighly correlated with SUVs at 2 and 4 h. Dynamic scanning with parametric image formation can be used to evaluate metastatic HER2 expression accurately.
After the refugee crisis: public discourse and policy change in Denmark, Norway and Sweden
Authors: Hagelund Anniken 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe refugee crisis of 2015 can be characterised as an exogenous shock, an immigration shock, which according to institutional theory may create a window of opportunity for path-breaking policy change. In all three Scandinavian countries a range of new policy proposals were made in order to stem the incoming migration. Although the direction of policy change pointed in a similar restrictive direction, the choice of policy instruments differed, as did the style and content of policy actors’ legitimizing and coordinating discourses.Drawing on the analytical framework of discursive institutionalism, the three cases illustrate how a similar kind of external shock (the refugee crisis) was construed differently in different national public spheres, and generated different kinds of policy responses – in particular with respect to the social rights of refugees. The emphasis on legitimizing communicative discourse and coordinating discourse differed between the countries. In Sweden, the need to legitimize policy change normatively was acute. This mattered less in Denmark, where emphasis was on creating stable political support for a range of specific measures. Norway takes a mixed position between the two. Data includes a selection of media texts from six newspapers in 2015 as well as policy texts from 2015 and 2016.
Solubility, pH change, and calcium ion release of low solubility endodontic mineral trioxide aggregate
Authors: Galal Manar , Zaki Dalia Y. , Rabie Mohamed I. , El-Shereif Samia M. , Hamdy Tamer M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Insolubility is the main requirement for ideal root end filling material to provide perfect sealing ability. Moreover, alkalinity and bioactivity provide great chance for tissues healing and remineralization. So, the aim of this work was to evaluate the chemical composition, solubility, pH change, and calcium ion release of recently introduced commercial mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) endodontic repair cement (Harvard, Universal HandMix MTA) compared with ProRoot MTA repair material.

Methods
Solubility was evaluated after 7- and 14-day immersion time of specimens in phosphate buffer saline solution (PBS); the mean weight loss was evaluated and solubility was calculated as a percentage of the weight loss. For assessment of pH change and calcium ion release polyethylene tubes filled with the materials were soaked in distilled water for 7 and 14 days. Measurement of pH change was done by analytical pH meter. Concentrations of calcium ion release were measured using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. Data were statistically analyzed by independent sample t test and paired sample t test at 5% significance level.

Results
Harvard MTA endodontic cement showed significant lower solubility and higher pH values compared with that of ProRoot MTA. ProRoot MTA exhibited significant higher calcium ion release value after 14 days (P value ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion
Harvard, Universal HandMix MTA repair cement with its different chemical composition; exhibits a low solubility with enhanced alkaline pH value compared to ProRoot MTA repair material.
Extrafloral nectary–the sleeping beauty of plant science
Authors: CHEN Xiaoya 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCotton is one of the most important cash crops, its growth season coincides with a high incidence of diverse groups of pests, leading to heavy use of pesticides. Recent identification of a signaling protein as a candidate regulator of cotton extrafloral nectary provides a new insight into the formation of sophisticated defense mechanisms in plants.
A case report of microcephaly and refractory West syndrome associated with WDR62 mutation
Authors: Zhou Ping , Ding Xin , Zeng Qi , Zou Huafang , Liao Jianxiang , Cao Dezhi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe autosomal recessive form of primary microcephaly (MCPH) is a rare disorder characterized by microcephaly with variable degree of intellectual disability. WDR62 has been reported as the second causative gene of MCPH2. West syndrome is a severe epilepsy syndrome composed of the triad of spasms, hypsarrhythmia, and mental retardation. There are limited clinical reports regarding WDR62 mutation and West syndrome. Here we report a boy who was identified with WDR62 mutation and was followed up from age 3 months to 5 months and 14 days. He had the first seizure as the classic epileptic spasm at the age of 3 months. Psychomotor retardation was noted before the seizure occurred. The head circumference was 38.5 cm (SD 2.6) when he was 4 months old, no dysmorphic facial features were observed. He couldn’t support his head steadily or turn over. He was able to laugh when tricked by the parents, but couldn’t track the sound and light. At the early stage, the electroencephalogram showed multifocal discharges, which evolved into hypsarrhythmia one month later, and brain MRI showed developmental malformation of cerebral gyrus. Two heterozygous mutations were identified in WDR62 by whole exome sequencing c.1535G > A, p.R512Q and c.2618dupT, p.K874Qfs*40. The patient was administrated with oral sodium valproate, nitrazepam, intramuscular adrenocorticotropic hormone for 2 weeks, and followed by prednisone, levetiracetam, topiramate and vigabatrin. However, there was no significant improvement on the seizure control after these treatments. According to the genetic report and clinical manifestation, we speculated that the WDR62 compound heterozygous mutation is responsible for the serious clinical phenotype.
Denatured proteins as a novel template for the synthesis of well-defined, ultra-stable and water-soluble metal nanostructures for catalytic applications
Authors: Chen Chaojian , Ng David Yuen Wah , Weil Tanja 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The templated synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles using biomass, such as proteins and polysaccharides, has generated great interest in recent years. In this work, we report on denatured proteins as a novel template for the preparation of water-soluble metal nanoparticles with excellent stability even after high speed centrifugation or storage at room temperature for one year. Different noble metal nanoparticles including spherical gold and platinum nanoparticles as well as gold nanoflowers are obtained using sodium borohydride or ascorbic acid as the reducing agent. The particle size can be controlled by the concentration of the template. These metal nanoparticles are further used as catalysts for the hydrogenation reaction of p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol. Especially, spherical gold nanoparticles with an average size of 2 nm show remarkable catalytic performance with a rate constant of 1.026 × 10− 2 L s− 1 mg− 1. These metal nanoparticles with tunable size and shape have great potential for various applications such as catalysis, energy, sensing, and biomedicine.

Graphical abstract
The reliability of the computed tomography perfusion parameters as a predictor of colorectal cancer grade: influence of tumor region of interest position
Authors: Khalaf Lamiaa M. R. , Megal Peter E. , El-Sharkawy Mostafa , Elkader Afaf Abd , Sayed Mona M. , Hussien Marwa T. , Eltyb Hanan A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study is to prospectively determine whether the computed tomography perfusion (CTP) can predict the tumor grade in colorectal cancer (CRC), and investigation of the best position of the tumor region of interest (ROI) could improve the tumor grade differentiation.

Results
The mean blood flow (mBF) at the tumor edge was significantly different among different tumor grades with the highest value noted in moderately differentiated and the lowest value in poorly differentiated CRC (111.67 ± 38.91 vs. 52.25 ± 21.97 ml/min/100 g, respectively, P = 0.03). At the tumor center, the BF and blood volume (BV) showed highest value in moderately differentiated and the lowest value in poorly differentiated CRC (P < 0.001, 0.02 respectively). The ROC curve revealed that the BF at the tumor edge showed its best results as regard its sensitivity 73.9% and specificity 82.1% in the characterization of moderately differentiated CRC from the other subtypes at > 92.2 ml/100 g/min cut off point and their AUC and P value were (0.82 and < 0.001 respectively), while the AUC of the BF at the tumor center was 0.81 and its P value was 0.03. In the characterization of poorly differentiated CRC from the other subtypes, BF cut off value at < 67.32 ml/100 g/min at the tumor edge showed the best performance of its sensitivity 88% and specificity 88% with 0.92 AUC and P value was < 0.001, while the AUC of the BF at the tumor center was 0.89. BF was higher at the edge than at the center of the tumor (88.53 ± 22.45 vs. 78.79 ± 28.98 ml/min/100 g; P < 0.001 respectively).

Conclusions
PCT could help in prediction of the poorly and the moderately differentiated CRC and the mBF was the most reliable parameter in prediction of the grade. The variation in ROI position has no substantial difference in the prediction of the tumor grade; however, this variation has a significant impact on the measurements of the PCT parameters especially the BF.
Characterization of vulnerability of road networks to fluvial flooding using SIS network diffusion model
Authors: Abdulla Bahrulla , Kiaghadi Amin , Rifai Hanadi S. , Birgisson Bjorn 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study aims to characterize the vulnerability of road networks to fluvial flooding using a network diffusion-based method. Various network diffusion models have been applied widely for modeling the spreading of contagious diseases or capturing opinion dynamics in social networks. By comparison, their application in the context of physical infrastructure networks has just started to gain some momentum, although physical infrastructure networks also exhibit diffusion-like phenomena under certain stressors. This study applies a susceptible-impacted-susceptible (SIS) diffusion model to capture the impact of flooding on the road network connectivity. To that end, this paper undertook the following four steps. First, the road network was modeled as primal graphs and nodes that were flood-prone (or the origins of the fluvial flood) were identified. Second, temporal changes in the flood depth within the road network during a flooding event were obtained using a data-driven geospatial model. Third, based on the relationship between vehicle speed and flood depth on road networks, at each time step, the nodes in the road network were divided into two discrete categories, namely functional and closed, standing for Susceptible and Impacted in the SIS diffusion model, respectively. Then, two parameters of the SIS model, average transition probabilities between states, were estimated using the results of the hydraulic simulation. Fourth, the robustness of the road network under various SIS diffusion scenarios was estimated, which was used to test the statistical significance of the difference between the robustness of the road network against diffusions started from the randomly chosen nodes and nodes with different high centrality measures. The methodology was demonstrated using the road network in the Memorial super neighborhood in Houston. The results show that diffusive disruptions that start from nodes with high centrality values do not necessarily cause a more significant loss to the connectivity of the road network. The proposed method has important implications for applying link predictions on road networks, and it casts significant insights into the mechanism by which cascading disruptions spread from flood control infrastructure to road networks, as well as the diffusion process in the road networks.
Fatigue life prediction of pipeline with equivalent initial flaw size using Bayesian inference method
Authors: Salemi Milad , Wang Hao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMajority of pipeline infrastructure are old and susceptible to possible catastrophic failures due to fatigue. Timely maintenance is the key to keep pipeline in serviceable and safe condition. This paper proposed a Bayesian inference methodology based on the observed crack growth measurements and cycle data that predicts the probability density of failure after initially estimating the equivalent initial flaw size (EIFS). The model was first developed based on one-dimensional crack growth problem in plate with edge crack. Then the model was expanded to two-dimensional crack growth problem in pipe wall. Stress intensity factors (SIF) at the crack tip in pipe model were calculated using finite element (FE) analysis for different crack lengths and depths. Polynomial function and Gaussian process were used to develop surrogate models of SIF. The analysis demonstrated that the proposed Bayesian inference method with hyperparameters generated accurate inferred results for probability density function (PDF) of both EIFS and the number of cycles to failure.
Risk of Prostate Cancer Associated With Familial and Hereditary Cancer Syndromes
Authors: Beebe-Dimmer Jennifer L. , Kapron Ashley L. , Fraser Alison M. , Smith Ken R. , Cooney Kathleen A. 
Published: March 2020

PURPOSE Recently developed clinical guidelines suggest that men in families with specific cancer syndromes, such as hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC), consider genetic testing, especially in the setting of aggressive disease. However, although a family history (FH) of the same disease among close relatives is an established risk factor for prostate cancer (PC), a direct comparison of PC risk for men with each syndrome in a single population is needed. METHODS The Utah Population Database was used to identify 619,630 men, age ≥ 40 years, who were members of a pedigree that included at least 3 consecutive generations. Each man was evaluated for FH of hereditary PC (HPC), HBOC, and Lynch syndrome (LS) and for his own PC status. PC occurrences (N = 36,360) were classified into one or more subtypes: early onset (EO), lethal, and/or clinically significant. Relative risks (RRs) associated with each subtype, adjusted for important covariables, were calculated in STATA using a modified Poisson regression with robust error variances to obtain corresponding RR CIs for each FH definition. RESULTS An FH of HPC conveyed the greatest relative risk for all PC subtypes combined (RR, 2.30; 95% CI, 2.22 to 2.40), followed by HBOC and LS (both with 1 < RR < 2 and statistically significant). The strongest risks associated with FH were observed for EO disease in all pedigree types, consistent with the contribution of genetic factors to disease occurrence. CONCLUSION In this large, population-based, family database, the risk of PC varied by cancer FH and was most strongly associated with EO disease. These results are critically valuable in understanding and targeting high-risk populations that would benefit from genetic screening and enhanced surveillance.
Photoinduced Electron Transfer in a MoS2/Anthracene Mixed-Dimensional Heterojunction in Aqueous Media
Authors: Tajima Tomoyuki , Okabe Shogo , Takaguchi Yutaka 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Mixed-dimensional (0D/2D) van der Waals heterojunctions were constructed by physical adsorption of anthracene (Anth) onto few-layer MoS2 nanosheets. The physical modification of few-layer MoS2 nanosheets using anthryl dendron 1, i.e., a poly(amidoamine) dendrimer having an anthracene core, via a simple yet efficient exfoliation approach afforded MoS2/1 hybrids, which are stable for at least one month. The emission quenching typical for anthracene is also observed in the MoS2/anthracene mixed-dimensional heterojunctions. Transient absorption measurements on MoS2/1 hybrids proved that photoinduced electron transfer occurs at the MoS2/anthracene interface. The lifetime of the singlet excited state (τS1(1Anth*)) for MoS2/1 was evaluated to be 4.1 ns, which is shorter than that of anthryl dendron 1 (13 ns). Interestingly, a remarkably long lifetime was observed for the anthracene cation radical (6.1 µs). Relatively long lifetimes of charge-separate states of MoS2/1 hybrids would be beneficial design features for efficient photovoltaics, photocatalysts, and related optoelectronic applications.
Sprint and Strength Training Modulates Autophagy and Proteostasis in Aging Sprinters
Authors: HENTILÄ JAAKKO , HULMI JUHA J. , LAAKKONEN EIJA K. , AHTIAINEN JUHA P. , SUOMINEN HARRI , KORHONEN MARKO T. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Exercise and aging may modulate muscle protein homeostasis and autophagy, but few studies examine highly trained middle-age or older individuals. This study elucidated the effects of a new long-term training stimulus on markers of muscle autophagy and unfolded protein response (UPR) and on sprint running performance in masters sprinters.

Methods
Thirty-two male competitive sprinters (age 40–76 yr) were randomly divided into experimental (EX) and control (CTRL) groups. The EX training program was a combination of heavy and explosive strength and sprint exercises aimed at improving sprint performance. Fifteen and thirteen participants completed the 20-wk intervention period in EX and CTRL, respectively. The latter were told to continue their routine exercises. Key protein markers were analyzed by Western blotting from vastus lateralis (VL) muscle biopsies. The muscle thickness of VL was analyzed by ultrasonography and sprint performance by a 60-m running test.

Results
EX induced improvement in 60-m sprint performance when compared with controls (time–group, P = 0.003) without changes in VL muscle thickness. Content of lipidated microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3-II) increased in EX (P = 0.022), suggesting increased autophagosome content. In addition, an autophagosome clearance marker sequestosome 1 (p62) decreased in EX (P = 0.006). Markers of UPR selectively modulated with decreases (e.g., ATF4, P = 0.003) and increases (e.g., EIF2α, P = 0.019) observed in EX.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that a new intensive training stimulus that combines strength training with sprint training may increase muscle autophagosome content in a basal state without any evidence of impaired autophagosome clearance in masters sprinters. Simultaneously, the combined training may have a selective effect on the content of UPR signaling components.