bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The British Academy Brian Barry Prize Essay: Representing the Future: The Interests of Future Persons in Representative Democracy
Authors: Campos Andre Santos 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAs a reaction against contemporary democracy's inherent short-sightedness in solving problems that are likely to affect distant future generations, there has been a recent increase in proposals for different kinds of democratic representation of future persons. This article shows that even though there can be no such thing as political representation of future persons, the relevant affected interests of the as-yet unborn can still be taken into consideration in political decision making. This aim is achieved by focusing on the political representation of children as special cases of semi-future members of the class of the represented.
Assessment irradiation effects on different development stages of Callosobruchus maculatus and on chemical, physical and microbiological quality of cowpea seeds
Authors: Hammad A. , Gabarty A. , Zinhoum R. A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIrradiation is a physical, environmentally friendly treatment which does not leave any residues in the product. It is increasingly used as an alternative to methyl bromide and other chemical fumigants for disinfestation of insect pest in stored grains. In this research, we try to evaluate the effect of low gamma irradiation doses in the range of 50–1200 Gy on the different stages of Callosobruchus maculatus. It was found that no adults emerged after irradiation of eggs at 450 Gy. No emerging adults (F1 generation) have been shown when larvae or pupae were exposed to 650 Gy. Also, no emerging adult has been shown from the parental C. maculatus adults irradiated with 650 Gy. When suppression of F1 generation was used for the measuring effective irradiation dose and phytosanitary efficacy, 650 Gy was required for disinfestation of cowpea seed weevils. The irradiation dose level of 650 Gy was used for the large-scale confirmatory tests applied to 27,754 adults of C. maculatus in cowpea seeds resulting in non F1 adults' production with a confidence level of 93.77%. All the physical and chemical characteristics of cowpea seeds were non-significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by the irradiation dose of 650 Gy. Meanwhile, this irradiation dose very slightly reduced the microbial load of cowpea seeds. We recommend the generic dose 650 Gy as the phytosanitary irradiation dose for the cowpea seed weevil.
Ketotic cows display a different serum nonesterified fatty acid composition
Authors: Liu Lei , Shen Taiyu , Yang Wei , Yu Hongjiang , Gao Sansi , Huang Baoyin , Xu Chuang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe experiments reported in this research communication aimed to compare the serum nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) composition in ketotic cows and healthy cows during the perinatal period. NEFAs play significant roles in etiology and pathology of ketosis. We hypothesized that ketotic cows will display a different serum NEFA composition compared to healthy controls, and fatty acid related indicators for ketosis prediction can be screened. Pre-partum healthy cows were recruited, and blood samples were collected on −7, 3, 7, 14 and 21 d postpartum. Cows were further divided into a healthy control group (C group, n = 6) and a ketosis group (K group, n = 6) if blood β-hydroxybutyric acid levels exceeded 1.2 mm during the experiment. NEFA composition was then analyzed by means of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). Only C12 : 0% was significantly higher in C group than K group on 7 d pre-partum (P < 0.05), when the cows were not diagnosed with ketosis. Five fatty acids displayed statistical differences in composition between C and K group (P < 0.05), namely C12 : 0, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, C18 : 1n9 and C22 : 1n9. Saturates%, unsaturates%, mono-unsaturates% and saturates/unsaturates were also different between C and K group (P < 0.05). Of note, C18 : 1n9/C12 : 0 and C18 : 1n9/C22 : 1n9 in K group were significantly higher than those in controls on 7 d pre-partum (P < 0.05). It is suggested that the ratios show potential as indicators for prediction of ketosis.
gahwat al-murra: the N + DEF-ADJ syntagm and the *at>ahshift in Arabic
Authors: Stokes Phillip W. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMultiple varieties of Arabic attest a definite noun + adjective syntagm in which only the adjective is marked morphologically with the article, e.g., Lebanesebēt iz-zġīr“the small house”. The feminine ending*-ahis everywhere realized -(v)t, e.g., Baghdadisint il-māḍye“last year”. Most have assumed that it was originally appositional, and re-analysed as a construct, prompted perhaps by the loss of case (Hopkins 1984; Pat-El 2017). A few scholars (Reckendorf 1921; Retsö 2009) have argued that this syntagm was originally construct. In this article I draw on relevant Arabic data, including parallels with dialectaltanwīn, as well as comparative Semitic evidence, to argue that this syntagm is, diachronically and synchronically, one of apposition and not annexation. I propose that the feminine-athere represents a retention of proto-Arabic*-at, which was protected by the close relationship between a noun and following attribute. I conclude with a discussion of historical and comparative implications.
Law Reporting and Public Access in the Courts: Is Too Much a Good Thing?
Authors: Magrath Paul 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article by Paul Magrath considers the role of law reporting not only as a service in support of the administration of justice and legal education, but also in the wider context of open justice, transparency and public legal information. It traces the history of law reporting and considers the pros and cons of the more comprehensive publication of judgments of the senior courts made possible by digitisation and the internet, in comparison with the more selective approach adopted in the past. The article is loosely based on a presentation given at the annual conference of the British and Irish Association of Law Librarians held in Bournemouth in June 2019.
Law Reporting and Public Access in the Courts: Is Too Much a Good Thing?
Authors: Dewey Cole Charles 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBeginning in the early 1800s, New York has followed a comprehensive model of law-reporting with official law reports. This article by Charles Dewey Cole, Jr. looks at the influence of James Kent in establishing comprehensive law-reporting in New York, reviews the 1938 legislation that created the law reporting bureau and charged the state reporter with reporting almost all appellate court and selective trial court decisions, describes the state reporter's current publication practices and considers both the advantages of and the challenges presented by comprehensive official law-reporting. The article is based on a June 2019 presentation given at the annual conference of the British and Irish Association of Law Librarians in Bournemouth.
Implementing Nano-Learning in the Law Firm
Authors: Karlén Gramming Ann-Christin , Ejemyr Elisabeth , Thunell Elin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article by Ann-Christin Karlén Gramming, Elisabeth Ejemyr and Elin Thunell is based on a presentation delivered at the BIALL Annual Conference in 2019. It focuses on promoting library services through an e-learning system called ‘Nano-learning’. It is an innovative way of promoting the library and its services in a new and engaging manner. It combats information overdose (usually followed by a rapid forgetting curve) by relying on spaced repetition. The system also comes with useful analytics and reporting tools, making it easy to measure and showcase ROI (return on investment) to partners.
QUADRATIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS: PARTIAL GELFAND–SHILOV SMOOTHING EFFECT AND NULL-CONTROLLABILITY
Authors: Alphonse Paul 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe study the partial Gelfand–Shilov regularizing effect and the exponential decay for the solutions to evolution equations associated with a class of accretive non-selfadjoint quadratic operators, which fail to be globally hypoelliptic on the whole phase space. By taking advantage of the associated Gevrey regularizing effects, we study the null-controllability of parabolic equations posed on the whole Euclidean space associated with this class of possibly non-globally hypoelliptic quadratic operators. We prove that these parabolic equations are null-controllable in any positive time from thick control subsets. This thickness property is known to be a necessary and sufficient condition for the null-controllability of the heat equation posed on the whole Euclidean space. Our result shows that this geometric condition turns out to be a sufficient one for the null-controllability of a large class of quadratic differential operators.
Is faster better? Political and ethical framings of pace and space
Authors: Amoureux Jack L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractConsidering the recent ‘temporal turn’ in International Relations scholarship, this article proposes that space and time are concepts that ‘thicken’ one another in several ways, with significant implications for understanding foreign policy and world politics. In the discourse of security and governance, space–time frames work together to facilitate and legitimize certain policies, actions, and reactions, and imply distinct perspectives on ethics. Drawing on the examples of United States (US) drone use, reactions to the event that has become known as ‘Benghazi’, and fears of the global spread of disease, this study investigates how temporal and spatial framings conceptualize effective and ethical security and governance. Arguing that space–time frames take shape from the resonance of political, theoretical, and cultural texts, four frames are elaborated including ‘space–time liberations’, ‘space–time oppressions’, ‘space–time strategics’, and ‘space–time reflexivities’. The article concludes by suggesting that contradictions and tensions between the frames along with postcolonial and decolonial perspectives can be leveraged to interrogate and displace dominant notions of pace and space in the practice and study of world politics, and that this is a form of scholarly and political reflexivity.
Can the Paris Agreement Help Climate Change Litigation and Vice Versa?
Authors: Wegener Lennart 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDomestic climate change litigation is prospering across the globe to the extent of becoming a transnational phenomenon of growing importance. At the international level the Paris Agreement, although still in its infancy, has been established as the core element of the climate change governance framework. This article explores the still opaque relationship between domestic climate change litigation and the Paris Agreement. It is argued that dynamic interaction between domestic litigation and the Paris Agreement may improve the overall efficacy of both regimes. On the one hand, an examination of the Paris Agreement's architecture and provisions reveals pathways that are already being used or can be explored further in litigation. On the other hand, litigation can assist and complement the Paris Agreement with regard to its implementation and progress towards its overall goals. The result may deliver more than a multi-level perspective on climate change law. As it captures the law in action on different levels, the proposed ‘cross-level’ approach has due regard to the implications of the mutual supportiveness or complementarity of legal tools. It also thereby responds to the concern of whether the law can be of significant benefit in addressing complex global issues like climate change.
Studies of a Lacustrine‐Volcanic Mars Analog Field Site With Mars‐2020‐Like Instruments
Authors: Martin Peter E. , Ehlmann Bethany L. , Thomas Nancy H. , Wiens Roger C. , Hollis Joseph J. R. , Beegle Luther W. , Bhartia Rohit , Clegg Samuel M. , Blaney Diana L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOn the upcoming Mars‐2020 rover two remote sensing instruments, Mastcam‐Z and SuperCam, and two microscopic proximity science instruments, Scanning for Habitable Environments with Raman and Luminescence for Organics and Chemicals (SHERLOC) and Planetary Instrument for X‐ray Lithochemistry (PIXL), will collect compositional (mineralogy, chemistry, and organics) data essential for paleoenvironmental reconstruction. The synergies between and limitations of these instruments were evaluated via study of a Mars analog field site in the Mojave desert, using instruments approximating the data that will be returned by Mars‐2020. A ground truth data set was generated for comparison to validate the results. The site consists of a succession of clay‐rich mudstones of lacustrine origin, interbedded tuffs, a carbonate‐silica travertine deposit, and gypsiferous mudstone strata. The major geological units were mapped successfully using simulated Mars‐2020 data. Simulated Mastcam‐Z data identified unit boundaries and Fe‐bearing weathering products. Simulated SuperCam passive shortwave infrared and green Raman data were essential in identifying major mineralogical composition and changes in lacustrine facies at distance; this was possible even with spectrally downsampled passive IR data. Laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy and simulated PIXL data discriminated and mapped major element chemistry. Simulated PIXL revealed millimeter‐scale zones enriched in zirconium, of interest for age dating. Scanning for SHERLOC‐like data mapped sulfate and carbonate at submillimeter scale; silicates were identified with increased laser pulses/spot or by averaging of hundreds of spectra. Fluorescence scans detected and mapped varied classes of organics in all samples, characterized further with follow‐on spatially targeted deep‐UV Raman spectra. Development of dedicated organics spectral libraries is needed to aid interpretation. Given these observations, the important units in the outcrop would be sampled and cached for sample return.
Implantation of Earth's Atmospheric Ions Into the Nearside and Farside Lunar Soil: Implications to Geodynamo Evolution
Authors: Wei Y. , Zhong J. , Hui H. , Shi Q. , Cui J. , He H. , Zhang H. , Yao Z. , Yue X. , Rong Z. , He F. , Chai L. , Wan W. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEarth's present dipolar magnetic field extends into the interplanetary space and interacts with the solar wind, forming a magnetosphere filled up with charged particles mostly originating from the Earth's atmosphere. In the elongated tail of the magnetosphere, the particles were observed to move either Earthward or tailward at different locations, even outside the Moon's orbit. We hypothesize that the lunar soil, on both the nearside and farside, should have been impacted by these particles during the geological history, and the impact was controlled by the size and morphology of the magnetosphere. We predict that the farside soil could also have the features similar to those in the nearside soil, e.g., 15N‐enrichment. Furthermore, we may infer the evolution of the magnetosphere and atmosphere by examining the implanted particles in the lunar soil from both sides. This hypothesis could provide an alternative way to study the evolution of Earth's dynamo and atmosphere.
Constraining Reanalysis Snowfall Over the Arctic Ocean Using CloudSat Observations
Authors: Cabaj A. , Kushner P. J. , Fletcher C. G. , Howell S. , Petty A. A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn the absence of widespread snowfall observations over the Arctic Ocean, reanalysis products provide a wide range of estimates of time‐evolving snowfall rates over Arctic sea ice, and it can be difficult to determine which product is most representative. In this work, Arctic snowfall rates retrieved from 2006 to 2016 CloudSat observations and snowfall products from three reanalyses are assessed. The products can be brought into encouraging agreement over the region on interannual time scales once differences in spatial representativeness and temporal sampling are accounted for. This motivates the use of CloudSat's snowfall product to calibrate reanalysis snowfall. The calibration is carried out for four Arctic quadrants and combined to produce regionally resolved and consistent estimates of interannually varying snowfall. Calibrated reanalysis snowfall inputs are then used to drive the NASA Eulerian Snow On Sea Ice Model, reducing the interproduct spread in the resulting simulated snow depths across the Arctic.
The Use of Ensembles in Space Weather Forecasting
Authors: Guerra J. A. , Murray S. A. , Doornbos E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn order to advance the use of ensembles in forecasting space weather events, the workshop Ensemble Forecasts in Space Weather: Science and Operations took place at the Lorentz Center in Leiden, The Netherlands, on 2–6 September 2019. The aim of this workshop was to bring together space weather scientists from academic institutions and operational centers and experts in ensemble techniques in terrestrial weather forecasting. Ensembles are currently used across all the subfields of space weather; however, there seems to be no community‐wide consensus about how to best utilize them. Therefore, the Testing, Understanding, and Leveraging Ensemble Predictions for Space Weather (TULEPS) working group was created to provide a starting point for the space weather community to the use of ensemble techniques.
Prevalence and stability of insufficient sleep measured by actigraphy: a prospective community study
Authors: Ranum Bror M. , Wichstrøm Lars , Pallesen Ståle , Steinsbekk Silje 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
It is well established that reduced sleep has detrimental effects on school-aged children’s functioning, but the prevalence and stability of objectively measured insufficient sleep throughout childhood is unknown.

Methods
A sample of 799 children was followed biennially with 24-h 7-day accelerometer (hip-placed) measurements from ages 6 to 12 years. Insufficient sleep was conceptualized as sleeping <7 h on average (AIS) and as the number of nights with <7 h of sleep (NNIS).

Results
The prevalence of AIS ranged from 1.1% to 13.6%. Of those without AIS, 15.1–64.5% had >1 NNIS. At ages 6–10 years, NNIS was higher on weekend nights, but at age 12 years NNIS was lower on weekends (18.1%) compared to weekdays (23.4%). The stability of AIS was low from ages 6 to 8 years and from 8 to 10 years, but increased from age 10 to 12 years, whereas NNIS evidenced higher stability, increasing sharply through late middle childhood.

Conclusions
The prevalence of AIS was low during the preschool and early school years but increased toward preadolescence. The 2-year stability of insufficient sleep was very low when conceptualized as AIS and moderate when defined as NNIS, hence NNIS might be more sensitive than AIS. Insufficient sleep appears transient in middle childhood and thus might not warrant intervention unless it fosters impairment and endures.
SYK is activated by mutated MYD88 and drives pro-survival signaling in MYD88 driven B-cell lymphomas
Authors: Munshi Manit , Liu Xia , Chen Jiaji G. , Xu Lian , Tsakmaklis Nickolas , Demos Maria G. , Kofides Amanda , Guerrera Maria Luisa , Jimenez Cristina , Chan Gloria G. , Hunter Zachary R. , Palomba M. Lia , Argyropoulos Kimon V. , Meid Kirsten , Keezer Andrew , Gustine Joshua , Dubeau Toni , Castillo Jorge J. , Patterson Christopher J. , Wang Jinhua , Buhrlage Sara J. , Gray Nathanael S. , Treon Steven P. , Yang Guang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractActivating MYD88 mutations promote pro-survival signaling through BTK and HCK, both targets of ibrutinib. Despite high response rates, complete responses to ibrutinib are lacking, and other MYD88 triggered pro-survival pathways may contribute to primary drug resistance. B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling has been observed in lymphomas driven by mutated MYD88, even without activating the BCR pathway mutations. We identified activated SYK (p-SYK), a component of BCR in complex with MYD88 in MYD88-mutated WM and ABC DLBCL lymphoma cells. Confocal microscopy confirmed co-localization of MYD88 with SYK in MYD88-mutated cells. Knockdown of MYD88 or use of a MYD88 signaling inhibitor abrogated SYK activation, while expression of mutated but not wild-type MYD88 amplified p-SYK in MYD88-mutated and wild-type lymphoma cells. Knockdown of SYK or use of inhibitors targeting SYK blocked p-STAT3 and p-AKT signaling in MYD88-mutated cells. Cell viability analysis showed that combining ibrutinib and SYK inhibitors triggered synthetic killing of MYD88-mutated lymphoma cells. Our findings extend the spectrum of mutated MYD88 pro-survival signaling to include SYK directed BCR cross talk in MYD88-mutated lymphomas. Targeting SYK in combination with ibrutinib produces synthetic lethality, providing a framework for the clinical investigation of ibrutinib with SYK inhibitors in MYD88-mutated lymphomas.
A phase 2 study of intraperitoneal carboplatin plus intravenous dose-dense paclitaxel in front-line treatment of suboptimal residual ovarian cancer
Authors: Hasegawa Kosei , Shimada Muneaki , Takeuchi Satoshi , Fujiwara Hiroyuki , Imai Yuichi , Iwasa Norihiro , Wada Satoru , Eguchi Hidetaka , Oishi Tetsuro , Sugiyama Toru , Suzuki Mitsuaki , Nishiyama Masahiko , Fujiwara Keiichi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
We evaluated the efficacy of intraperitoneal (IP) carboplatin in combination with dose-dense paclitaxel (ddTCip) for suboptimal residual ovarian cancer.

Methods
This was a phase 2 study to evaluate ddTCip. Patients with stage II–IV ovarian carcinoma, who underwent primary cytoreductive surgery and had radiologically evaluable disease after surgery, were eligible to participate in this study. IP carboplatin (AUC = 6) was administered on day 1, and intravenous paclitaxel (80 mg/m2) was administered on days 1, 8 and 15. The primary endpoint was response rate. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and safety. Interval- debulking surgery followed by the same regimen was allowed when indicated.

Results
A total of 117 patients were considered eligible for this study prior to surgery and temporarily registered. Of the 117 patients, 76 patients met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in this study. Fifty-nine (83.1%) patients had objective clinical responses. Median PFS and OS were 18.3 and 55.5 months, respectively. Sixty-four (84.2%) patients had grade 3/4 neutropenia, 43 (56.5%) patients had anaemia and 17 (22.4%) patients had thrombocytopenia. Port-related adverse events occurred in nine (11.8%) patients.

Conclusions
Front-line chemotherapy with ddTCip therapy appears safe and effective, even for patients with suboptimal residual ovarian cancer.

Trial registration
UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (ID: UMIN000001713) on February 16th, 2009.
Elucidating target specificity of the taccalonolide covalent microtubule stabilizers employing a combinatorial chemical approach
Authors: Du Lin , Yee Samantha S. , Ramachandran Karthik , Risinger April L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe taccalonolide microtubule stabilizers covalently bind β-tubulin and overcome clinically relevant taxane resistance mechanisms. Evaluations of the target specificity and detailed drug–target interactions of taccalonolides, however, have been limited in part by their irreversible target engagement. In this study, we report the synthesis of fluorogenic taccalonolide probes that maintain the native biological properties of the potent taccalonolide, AJ. These carefully optimized, cell-permeable probes outperform commercial taxane-based probes and enable direct visualization of taccalonolides in both live and fixed cells with dramatic microtubule colocalization. The specificity of taccalonolide binding to β-tubulin is demonstrated by immunoblotting, which allows for determination of the relative contribution of key tubulin residues and taccalonolide moieties for drug–target interactions by activity-based protein profiling utilizing site-directed mutagenesis and computational modeling. This combinatorial approach provides a generally applicable strategy for investigating the binding specificity and molecular interactions of covalent binding drugs in a cellular environment.