bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unsentimental Historicizing: The Neo-Slave Narrative Tradition and the Refusal of Feeling
Authors: Friedman Gabriella 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRooted partially in the US sentimental tradition, neo-slave narratives often feature lyrical language, emphasize the emotional experience of enslaved characters, and evoke the reader’s sympathy and empathy. Highlighting the use of sentimental conventions in neo-slave narratives including Alex Haley’s Roots (1976), Octavia E. Butler’s Kindred (1979), Sherley Anne Williams’s Dessa Rose (1986), Toni Morrison’s Beloved (1987), Lawrence Hill’s The Book of Negroes (2007), and M. NourbeSe Philip’s Zong! (2008), this essay explores the tension between sentimentality and the radical political goals of neo-slave narratives. This essay analyzes Colson Whitehead’s The Underground Railroad (2016) as a neo-slave narrative that rejects rather than revises sentimental conventions. The novel’s central conceit, a literal subterranean rail network, illustrates how anti-Blackness, settler colonialism, and racial capitalism interlock to materially and discursively enable the US nation-state and liberal citizenship; sentimental conventions facilitate processes of containment and capture that allow this infrastructure to function smoothly rather than disrupting it. In contrast, Underground foregrounds the prosaic over the lyrical, veils the interiority of its characters, and unsettles the reader’s desire to feel with or for the humanity of the enslaved. The novel models an alternative way of engaging slavery as an infrastructure, gesturing toward a mode of fugitive affiliation premised on acts of tangible care rather than affective identification or the possession of interiority.
Extensive nuclear gyration and pervasive non-genic transcription during primordial germ cell development in zebrafish
Authors: Redl Stefan , de Jesus Domingues Antonio M. , Caspani Edoardo , Möckel Stefanie , Salvenmoser Willi , Mendez-Lago Maria , Ketting René F. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the precursors of germ cells, which migrate to the genital ridge during early development. Relatively little is known about PGCs after their migration. We studied this post-migratory stage using microscopy and sequencing techniques, and found that many PGC-specific genes, including genes known to induce PGC fate in the mouse, are only activated several days after migration. At this same time point, PGC nuclei become extremely gyrated, displaying general broad opening of chromatin and high levels of intergenic transcription. This is accompanied by changes in nuage morphology, expression of large loci (PGC-expressed non-coding RNA loci, PERLs) that are enriched for retro-transposons and piRNAs, and a rise in piRNA biogenesis signatures. Interestingly, no nuclear Piwi protein could be detected at any time point, indicating that the zebrafish piRNA pathway is fully cytoplasmic. Our data show that the post-migratory stage of zebrafish PGCs holds many cues to both germ cell fate establishment and piRNA pathway activation.
Switching between blebbing and lamellipodia depends on the degree of non-muscle myosin II activity
Authors: Ghosh Indranil , Singh Raman K. , Mishra Manjari , Kapoor Shobhna , Jana Siddhartha S. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Cells can adopt both mesenchymal and amoeboid modes of migration through membrane protrusive activities, namely formation of lamellipodia and blebbing. How the molecular players control the transition between lamellipodia and blebs is yet to be explored. Here, we show that addition of the ROCK inhibitor Y27632 or low doses of blebbistatin, an inhibitor of non-muscle myosin II (NMII) ATPase activity and filament partitioning, induces blebbing to lamellipodia conversion (BLC), whereas addition of low doses of ML7, an inhibitor of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), induces lamellipodia to blebbing conversion (LBC) in human MDA-MB-231 cells. Similarly, siRNA-mediated knockdown of ROCK and MLCK induces BLC and LBC, respectively. Interestingly, both blebs and lamellipodia membrane protrusions are able to maintain the ratio of phosphorylated to unphosphorylated regulatory light chain at cortices when MLCK and ROCK, respectively, are inhibited either pharmacologically or genetically, suggesting that MLCK and ROCK activities are interlinked in BLC and LBC. Such BLCs and LBCs are also inducible in other cell lines, including MCF7 and MCF10A. These studies reveal that the relative activity of ROCK and MLCK, which controls both the ATPase activity and filament-forming property of NMII, is a determining factor in whether a cell exhibits blebbing or lamellipodia.
Research on the Construction and Visualization of a Three-Dimensional Model of Rice Root Growth
Authors: Yang Le   , Wu Panpan   , Yang Suyong   , Shao Peng   
Published: December 2020

HighlightsThis article proposes a three-dimensional rice root growth model based on the differential L-system.We tested the accuracy of the model output, and the measured values and the simulated values were compared.A three-dimensional visualization of the growth simulation system was implemented, and the dynamic growth process of rice roots was visually reproduced.Abstract. Three-dimensional visualization studies on the morphological characteristics of rice root systems are important for improving farmland management and for the selective breeding and genetic improvement of rice. To clarify the rules governing the structure and distribution of rice roots, the three-dimensional (3D) coordinates and morphological parameters of rice roots were measured in hydroponic experiments at different growing periods, and the rice root structure was measured with a high degree of accuracy. The initial position, growth direction, and rate were then determined via statistical analysis of the data. In this article, a 3D rice root growth model based on the differential L-system is proposed; in this system, the biological characteristics based on the topological structure and the actual growth laws of rice roots are quantified. We adopted the growing degree day (GDD) as the driving factor that describes the growth law of rice roots and tested the accuracy of the model output. In this model, a 3D visualization of the growth simulation system of rice roots is implemented via Visual C++ and the OpenGL standard library on the basis of algorithms for the constructed 3D rice root growth model. The model output realistically recreates the dynamic growth process of rice roots under different conditions. A large amount of experimental data and comparative analysis show that the average accuracies achieved by the proposed system concerning total root length, root surface area and root volume are 96.95%, 95.97%, and 93.98%, respectively. These results verify the high reliability of the constructed model and the effective simulation of the morphological characteristics and growth laws of rice roots at different growth periods, laying the foundation for future research on the laws of changes in morphological structure and the physiological and ecological factors of rice roots at different growth stages. Keywords: Differential L-system, Rice roots, Simulation, Three-dimensional growth model, Visualization.
Investigations on the Effects of Low Laser Infrared Marking Energy and Barcode Size on 2D Data Matrix Code Detection on Apples
Authors: Eyahanyo Felix , Rath Thomas 
Published: December 2020

HighlightsLaser energy, type of marking on the product and product color affected the Data Matrix detectionHigh laser marking energy resulted in ablation, browning and carbonizationWorking direction of the laser beam affected the print growth of the Data MatrixProposed algorithm successfully decoded the barcodes on Golden Delicious applesAbstract. Product marking in horticulture aims at providing robust and permanent means of marking products and preventing theft, tampering and cheating by customers. Direct part marking has sought to provide solutions to these problems. However, unlike in industry where it has been successful, in horticulture there are still a lot of challenges that prevent successful marking and reading of directly marked barcodes on horticultural products. The laser energy, barcode size, product color and days of storage are important factors that affect the marking, quality and readability of directly marked Data Matrix (DM) on apples. Therefore, the objective of this study was to solve the aforementioned problems with these factors by using Synrad 48-5 CO2 laser (10,600 nm), to mark some apples using low energy levels. Laser energy, the skin of the product and the inertia of the laser beam affected the printing of the DM on the apples. Incomplete marking of the DM at some of the energies used resulted in the DM not being decoded. Generally, there was successful decoding on Golden Delicious compared to Kanzi and Red Jonaprince for 10 days of storage. On the average, the smaller barcode size produced a better detection of the code than the bigger size. The better detection on Golden Delicious can be attributed to the better contrast between the DM and its color. As the days of storage increased, detection decreased for Kanzi and Red Jonaprince. There is a future prospect for directly reading marked apples in real production systems. Keywords: Apple, Apple skin, Barcode size, Data matrix, Laser, Product marking.
NIR Spectroscopy Detects Chlorpyrifos-Methyl Pesticide Residue in Rough, Brown, and Milled Rice
Authors: Rodriguez Fatima S , Armstrong Paul R , Maghirang Elizabeth B , Yaptenco Kevin F , Scully Erin D , Arthur Frank H , Brabec Daniel L , Adviento-Borbe Arlene D , Suministrado Delfin  C 
Published: December 2020

HighlightsNIR spectroscopy detects quantitative and qualitative levels of chlorpyrifos-methyl residues in bulk rice.Levels of chlorpyrifos-methyl residues in bulk rice can be differentiated at 78% to 100% correct classification.Important NIR wavelengths for chlorpyrifos-methyl residue detection were identified.NIR spectroscopy can be used to detect maximum residue levels of chlorpyrifos-methyl pesticide in rice.Abstract. A rapid technique that uses near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative determination of the presence of varying concentrations of chlorpyrifos-methyl in bulk samples of rough, brown, and milled rice was established. Five rice varieties, free of pesticides, obtained from RiceTec Inc. and USDA-ARS Arkansas experimental field were used as rough rice samples and also processed to obtain corresponding brown and milled rice. Rice samples were treated with StorcideTM II containing varying levels of the active ingredient, chlorpyrifos-methyl: 0, 1.5, 3, 6, 9, and 12 ppm for rough rice, 0, 0.75, 1.5, 3, 4.5, and 6 ppm for brown rice, and 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 ppm for milled rice. Concentrations of chlorpyrifos-methyl were verified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. A commercial NIR spectrometer (950-1650 nm wavelength range) was used to obtain spectra of bulk samples. Using partial least squares analysis for quantitative analysis, independent validation showed that chlorpyrifos-methyl residues in rough, brown, and milled rice are predictable with R2 ranging from 0.702 to 0.839 and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 1.763 to 2.374 for rough rice, R2 ranging from 0.722 to 0.800 and SEP of 0.953 to 1.168 for brown rice, and R2 ranging from 0.693 to 0.789 and SEP of 0.131 to 0.164 for milled rice. For qualitative analysis obtained using discriminant analysis, rough rice samples with concentrations of 0, 1.5, and 3 ppm pooled as low pesticide level (LPL) is distinguishable to 6, 9, and 12 ppm which were pooled as high pesticide level (HPL). Similarly, for brown and milled rice, the lower three concentrations pooled as LPL is distinguishable from the higher three concentrations pooled as HPL. Independent validation showed overall correct classifications ranging from 77.8% to 92.6% for rough rice, 79.6% to 88.9% for brown rice, and 94.4% to 100% for milled rice. Keywords: Food safety, Grain quality, NIR spectroscopy, Pesticide residue, Rice.
Swine House Floor Durability Enhancement Using Pozzolan-Containing Concrete Mix Designs
Authors: Lapcharatsangroj Laddawan , U-Tapao Chalida 
Published: December 2020

HighlightsThe CSF-FA floors performed better than the non-CFH and CFH floors, especially under spallation conditions. It thus makes economic sense for small- and industrial-scale swine farms to switch to CSF-FA floors due to longer durability and better investment return, in comparison with non-CFH and CFH floors.The statistical analysis indicated that the pozzolanic materials significantly improved the performance metrics of concrete mix designs (p&lt;0.05), compared with the conventional non-CFH mix (control).The research findings are expected to be beneficial for civil engineers in the construction of concrete structures that are prone to acid corrosion or in areas with acidic soil.ABSTRACT. This research investigates the effect of pozzolanic materials on the performance of swine house concrete floor. The experimental pozzolans are fly ash (FA) and silica fume (SF), and the performance metrics are compressive strength, abrasion resistance, and resistance to lactic and sulfuric acids. There are nine experimental concrete mix designs: concrete without floor hardener (conventional concrete or non-CFH), concrete with floor hardener (CFH), concrete with 15%, 30%, 45% fly ash, and concrete with silica fume and fly ash (CSF4FA26, CSF6FA24, CSF8FA22, CSF10FA20). In acid resistance tests, a groove was cut across the specimen surface to simulate floor spallation. The results showed that the CFH floor had the highest abrasion and acid resistance but suffered from severe acid damage under spallation conditions. Meanwhile, the CSF10FA20 floor had the highest compressive strength and acid resistance under spallation conditions. The statistical analysis indicated that the pozzolanic materials significantly improved the performance metrics of concrete mix designs (p&lt;0.05), compared with the non-CFH mix design (control). The construction costs of CSF-FA floors (THB 118 – 121) and non-CFH floor (THB 116) were comparable, but they were considerably lower than that of CFH floor (THB 196). The acid resistance of CSF-FA floors was higher than that of non-CFH and CFH floors. As a result, the CSF-FA concrete mix designs should be adopted for the construction of swine house floor due to longer durability and better investment return, in comparison with non-CFH and CFH floors which are commonly used in small- and industrial-scale swine farms. Keywords: Acid resistance, Concrete material, Durability, Farm buildings, Swine flooring.
Employment Trends in Rhode Island From 2011 to 2017 for Adults With Intellectual Disability and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Shogren Karrie A. , Anderson Mark H. , Burke Kathryn M. , Antosh Anthony , Ferrara Victoria E. , Pallack Mary A. , Dean Evan E. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study reports on state-level data in Rhode Island on employment and non-work activities of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities receiving services between 2011 and 2017. The goal was to examine the complex patterns of change over time in individual-level employment outcomes and the potential short-term impacts of a consent decree entered into by the state of Rhode Island to address integrated employment outcomes. Findings suggest that policy initiatives such as the consent decree can lead to reductions in reliance on facility-based work, but also highlight the importance of planning for the transition to competitive, integrated employment and not simply a shift toward non-work activities. Further, the data support the notion that the best predictor of integrated employment over time is previous experiences in integrated employment (not facility-based or other work or non-work activities), suggesting the role of ongoing supported employment and transition services that create and support the maintenance of integrated employment.
Inclusive Entrepreneurship and Motivation Among People With Intellectual Disability: “Why They Act”
Authors: Caldwell Kate , Harris Sarah Parker , Renko Maija 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSocial entrepreneurship is a growing trend for people with intellectual disability (ID). This trend reflects a shift in contemporary policy towards entrepreneurship and self-employment as a viable employment option for people with disability in general; a strategy which is intended to promote autonomy and reduce dependence on entitlement-based services as well as to reduce employment disparities and stimulate business and job creation. However, it is not well understood what exactly this means for people with ID involved in social entrepreneurial ventures. This research approached the issue by conducting dyadic interviews to explore the motivations of people with ID who are participating and supported in social entrepreneurship—“why they act.” In exploring these motivations, this article investigates push-pull factors, the role of the social mission, and how support influences motivation.
Mothers' Cultural Approach to Inclusive Education for Children With Intellectual Disability in South Korea: Qualitative Case Study
Authors: Jeong Yunji , Luckasson Ruth 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the knowledge and desires of parents of middle school students with intellectual disability regarding inclusive education practices and laws in South Korea. We interviewed seven mothers of children with ID who attended South Korean middle schools. Three themes emerged including (a) mother-teacher communication, (b) particular knowledge that suppressed further desires for inclusive education, and (c) culture-based advocacy for inclusive education. We discussed these findings based on Rawls's theory of justice, Confucianism, and the social model of disability.
Thin-film lithium niobate modulators for non-invasive sensing of high-frequency electric fields
Authors: Rollinson John , Hella Mona , Toroghi Seyfollah , Rabiei Payam , Wilke Ingrid 
Published: December 2020

We propose a non-invasive, large-bandwidth electro-optic (EO) detection
scheme for high-frequency electric fields using thin-film lithium
niobate Mach–Zehnder interferometers. Our proof-of-concept device is
capable of detecting high-strength electric fields, such as those
present in x-ray free electron lasers and linear accelerators. The
proposed detection scheme utilizes an off-the-shelf C-band fiber optic
continuous-wave laser and optical spectrum analyzer, which has a lower
system cost and footprint compared to bulk-crystal-based schemes.
Towards this objective, fabricated devices are characterized in the
1–40 GHz frequency range to estimate the detection threshold,
detection bandwidth, and EO modulation strength. The characterized
device exhibits a

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normalized electric field
sensitivity. By extrapolating the measured frequency response, it is
expected that the characterized device will be able to detect
free-space electric fields up to 150 GHz.
Frequency conversion in nano-waveguides using bound-state-in-continuum
Authors: Xiong Xiao , Wu Lin , Bai Ping , Png Ching Eng , Ong Jun Rong , Krivitsky Leonid 
Published: December 2020

Optical frequency conversion in semiconductor nanophotonic devices usually imposes stringent requirements on fabrication accuracy and etch surface roughness. Here, we adopt the concept of bound-state-in-continuum (BIC) for waveguide frequency converter design, which obviates the limitations in nonlinear material nano-fabrication and requires to pattern only a low-refractive-index strip on the nonlinear slab. Taking gallium phosphide (GaP) as an example, we study second-harmonic generation using horizontally polarized pump light at 1.55 µm phase matching to vertically polarized BIC modes. A theoretical normalized frequency conversion efficiency of

is obtained using the fundamental BIC mode, which is comparable to that of conventional GaP waveguides.
Using bodily postures to reduce anxiety and improve interoception: A comparison between powerful and neutral poses
Authors: Weineck Felicitas , Schultchen Dana , Hauke Gernot , Messner Matthias , Pollatos Olga 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundPrevious research has shown that anxiety syndromes are highly prevalent among university students. Effective treatments are needed to reduce the burden of anxiety in this population. Powerful postures have been found to impact affective states, as well as interoception (i.e. the ability to perceive inner bodily signals). However, no previous study has compared the effects of powerful- and neutral postures in regards to anxiety and interoceptive ability.MethodsThe first part of the study measured the single-session effect of adopting powerful- vs. neutral postures on students' (n = 57) interoceptive ability andstateanxiety. The second part of the study measured the effect of adopting powerful or neutral postures twice daily for two weeks, on individuals' interoceptive ability andtraitanxiety.ResultsState anxiety decreased in both conditions whereas interoceptive accuracy only increased in the power posing condition after a single session. Interoceptive accuracy increased in both groups after two weeks of training.LimitationsThe study included no comparison to a condition where individuals adopted their natural (i.e. usual) bodily posture.ConclusionsEmbodiment interventions that include elements of adopting an open or expansive bodily posture whilst maintaining a self-focus, can help to reduce state anxiety and improve interoceptive accuracy in student populations. Power posing does not seem to be superior to holding a neutral posture to improve interoceptive accuracy or anxiety. One reason therefore could be that both conditions include the manipulation of self-focus and a postural change that diverges from individuals' normal posture.