bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advance on the absorption, metabolism, and efficacy exertion of quercetin and its important derivatives
Authors: Hai Yu , Zhang Yuanxiao , Liang Yingzhi , Ma Xiaoyu , Qi Xiao , Xiao Jianbo , Xue Weiming , Luo Yane , Yue Tianli 
Published: November 2020

AbstractQuercetin, a dietary flavonol, has been used as potential ingredient in food supplements to promote health. Its health effects are closely related to its bioavailability and further depend on its absorption, metabolism and excretionin vivo. Here, we systematically summarized the absorption and metabolism of quercetin in human intestine, liver, and kidney, highlighting the transport and metabolic pathways, intermediate metabolites, and circulation channels involving quercetin. The bioactivities of quercetin on theintestine, liver, and kidney were also considered. In general, except for passive diffusion, different transporters (e.g., SGLT1,OATPs, and MRPs) participate in the transport of quercetin and its metabolites across biological barriers. Quercetin undergoes phase II metabolism after absorption by the intestine and is finally excreted into bile through liver or urine through kidney. Quercetin can protect the intestinal barrier and modulate the microflora. Moreover, its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐fibrotic activities protect the liver and kidney.
New clinical information and physician prescribing: How do pediatric labeling changes affect prescribing to children?
Authors: Olson Mary K. , Yin Nina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOur study examines how physician prescribing responds to new scientific information added to drug labels. We focus on a series of label changes with new information about the effects of drugs in children. The information arose in response to a 1997 policy, pediatric exclusivity, which gave drug sponsors a 6‐month exclusivity extension for conducting additional pediatric studies of already marketed drugs. The information from these studies was expected to improve pediatric prescribing by promoting appropriate use and by reducing inappropriate off‐label prescribing. However, there has been little study about the actual effects of these labeling changes on physician prescribing behavior. We use a difference‐in‐differences strategy to examine how pediatric prescriptions respond to different types of labeling changes. Our results show that most label changes lead to reductions in prescribing to children. We find that the largest drop in prescribing occurs when the label indicates a drug is not effective for children. The evidence suggests that the labeling changes alleviated physician uncertainty about prescribing drugs to children and reduced some inappropriate off‐label use.
Characterization and protective efficacy of a sptP mutant of Salmonella Paratyphi A
Authors: Pan Pengtao , Zou Fanyu , He Chuanshan , He Qunli , Yin Junlei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundSalmonella Paratyphi A causes paratyphoid A, a severe systemic disease of people and remains a major public health problem in many parts of the world. In the interest of researching the roles of sptP on Salmonella Paratyphi A and developing a live‐attenuated vaccine candidate, an sptP mutant of Salmonella Paratyphi A SPA017 (SPA017ΔsptP) was constructed, and then its characterization, immunogenicity, and protective ability were evaluated.ResultsThe deletion of sptP had no effect on growth and biochemical properties. Adhesion and invasion assays showed that the lack of sptP did not affect the adhesion of Salmonella Paratyphi A, but the invasive ability of the mutant strain was significantly decreased, the half‐lethal dose (LD50) of the mutant strain was 1.43 × 104 times of the parent strain in intraperitoneally injected mice. Single intraperitoneal vaccination with SPA017ΔsptP (1 × 105 CFU) in mice did not affect the body weight or elicit clinical symptoms relative to the control group, SPA017ΔsptP bacteria were isolated from livers and spleens of vaccinated mice at 14 days postvaccination. Notably, specific humoral and cellular immune responses were significantly induced. The protective assessment showed that the mutant strain could provide high‐level protection against subsequent challenge with the wild‐type SPA017 strain.ConclusionsThese results demonstrated that SptP plays an essential role in the pathogenicity of Salmonella Paratyphi A, and Salmonella Paratyphi A lacking sptP is immunogenic and protective in mice.
Improving performance of furrow irrigation systems using simulation modelling in the Moghan plain of Iran*
Authors: Hamdi Ahmadabad Yaser , Liaghat Abdolmajid , Sohrabi Teymor , Rasoulzadeh Ali , Ebrahimian Hamed 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to assess the different scenarios for improving the irrigation application efficiency of a two‐row bed furrow irrigation system (wide furrow) using the SIRMOD model in six sugar beet fields of the Moghan plain for the 2015–2016 growing season. The Moghan plain is situated in the Ardebil province of Iran. Therefore, five scenarios including: (i) irrigation cut‐off time equal to the advance time (ICTEAT); (ii) cutting off the flow discharge before it reaches the end (CTIBRE); (iii) increasing the flow discharge up to 2.5 l s¯¹ and cutting it off when the irrigation requirement is fulfilled (IARCSI); (iv) increasing inflow discharge up to 2.5 l s¯¹ and cutting off the flow discharge as soon as the advance phase reaches the end (IARCARE); (v) reducing inflow rate, cut‐off time and furrow length (100 m in all the furrows) by blocking the end of the furrow (RICTLBE), were applied using the calibrated SIRMOD model. In addition, surge irrigation was carried out in fields with high percolation. The results indicated that the average irrigation application efficiency under the current status was 35%. However, average application efficiencies increased to 63, 74, 59, 60 and 77% in the ICTEAT, CTIBRE, IARSCI, IARCARE and RICTLBE scenarios, respectively. The application efficiency for fields with high percolation increased from 32%, in the current status, to 53, 64, 62, 60, 78 and 76% under ICTEAT, CTIBRE, IARSCI, IARCARE, RICTLBE and surge irrigation, respectively. Overall, the irrigation management scenarios could substantially reduce on‐farm irrigation water losses.
A multifunctional dual‐shell magnetic nanocomposite with near‐infrared light response for synergistic chemo‐thermal tumor therapy
Authors: Li Sheng , Shi Xiaowen , Wang Haibo , Xiao Ling 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe synergistic tumor therapy in single nanoplatform has always been the goal for high efficacy tumor treatment while still remains great challenge. This paper reports a versatile nanotheranostic platform enlisting magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, polydopamine (PDA), gold nanocages (Au nanocage) and metal organic framework (MOF, MIL101‐NH2) in order to achieve synergistic chemothermal tumor therapy both in vitro and in vivo. The prepared magnetic photothermal nanoparticles (MPNPs) exhibit high drug loading capacity (31.34 mg/g), superior photo‐thermal capacity (11.5°C enhancement in 180 s), low bio‐toxicity, good magnetic resonance with a low dosage of 22 μg/g, as well as high antitumor efficacy in vivo. Such a novel and multifunctional nanoplatform is expected to find promising applications in target tumor synergistic therapy.
Trends in Hip Fracture Incidence in Japan: Estimates Based on Nationwide Hip Fracture Surveys From 1992 to 2017
Authors: Takusari Eri , Sakata Kiyomi , Hashimoto Tsutomu , Fukushima Yasumasa , Nakamura Toshitaka , Orimo Hajime 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTAs of 2015, the aging population in Japan was the largest in the world. Although the National Database of Health Insurance Claims (NDB) was developed in 2012, long‐term trends regarding hip fracture incidence in Japan remain unclear. In order to clarify the trend in hip fracture incidence from 1992 to 2017, we estimated the number of new hip fractures in 2017, the seventh in a series of nationwide hip fracture surveys performed every 5 years since 1987. We also investigated regional differences in hip fracture incidence. We collected data through a nationwide mail‐in survey of orthopedic institutions in Japan and calculated hip fracture incidence by sex and age, as well as standardized incidence ratio (SIR) across 12 districts. The total number (95% confidence interval) of hip fractures in 2017 was estimated at 193,400 (187,300–199,500), occurring in 44,100 (42,700–45,500) males and 149,300 (144,500–154,100) females. Of all the hip fracture surveys from 1992 to 2017, the 5‐year hip fracture increase rates from 2012 to 2017 was the lowest among female patients. In males, the 5‐year rates from 2012 to 2017 were lower than those from 2007 to 2012. The age‐adjusted incidence rates for patients in both sexes did not show significant change in the 25‐year period. The estimated incidence rates in 2017 for patients aged 70 to 79 years in both sexes were lowest from 1992 to 2017, and declined significantly over the 25‐year period. SIRs differed between northeast and southwest regions. Our findings were similar to those from a previous study in Japan using the NDB from 2012 to 2015. Progress in the development of osteoporosis medication may contribute to the continuous decline in the 70‐year to 79‐year age group. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Emerging technologies of algae‐based wastewater remediation for bio‐fertilizer production: a promising pathway to sustainable agriculture
Authors: Zou Yao , Zeng Qingqing , Li Huankai , Liu Hui , Lu Qian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSoil degradation, overuse of chemical fertilizer, and biodiversity loss are serious problems challenging the sustainable development of modern agriculture. In recent years, owing to the advantages of algae biotechnology in nutrients recovery and soil improvement, the integration of algae‐based wastewater remediation and algal bio‐fertilizer production is emerging into the limelight. In this work, we emphasize on the progresses achieved in the fields of biomass production by algae cultivation in wastewater and application of algal bio‐fertilizers. Particularly, three types of algal bio‐fertilizers, including slow‐release bio‐fertilizer, nitrogen‐fixing cyanobacteria, and liquid bio‐fertilizer, widely evaluated and utilized in agriculture are introduced. To prevent the overly optimistic prediction of algal bio‐fertilizer in a real‐world application, we point out the challenges and technical defects, such as presence of new pollution factors in wastewater, high cost of algal biomass, contamination of algal biomass in wastewater, low productivity of algae and valuable components, high water consumption, and potential threats of cyanobacteria to the environment, that prevent the concept of integrating algae‐based wastewater remediation and algal bio‐fertilizer production from becoming a reality. Based on our knowledge and experience, potential solutions to the aforementioned problems are discussed in depth. It is expected that the emerging technologies of algae‐based wastewater remediation for bio‐fertilizer production will bring human beings into a new era of environmentally‐friendly, high‐yield, and resource‐recycling agriculture. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI)
Bioaccessibility and bioavailability of calcium in sprouted brown and golden flaxseed
Authors: Vinco Pimenta Alexandre , Agrizzi Verediano Thaísa , Souza Carneiro Joel Camilo , Brunoro Costa Neuza Maria , Vasconcelos Costa André Gustavo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDGermination promotes changes in the composition of seeds by providing potential nutritional and health benefits compared with unsprouted seeds. This study investigated the influence of germination on the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of calcium in brown flaxseed (BF) and golden flaxseed (GF).RESULTSGermination did not influence the calcium levels of BF or GF, but the sprouted GF (SGF, 265.6 ± 12.9 mg) presented higher levels of calcium than the sprouted BF (SBF, 211.6 ± 3.20 mg). Tannin levels were similar among the groups (GF = 79.97 ± 3.49 mg; SGF = 78.81 ± 0.77 mg; BF = 81.82 ± 2.61 mg; SBF = 79.24 ± 4.58 mg), whereas phytate and oxalate levels decreased after germination. Germination reduced the phytate:calcium and oxalate:calcium molar ratios. In the in vitro study, germination increased calcium bioaccessibility (GF = 35.60 mg versus SGF = 41.45 mg; BF = 31.01 mg versus SBF = 38.84 mg). In the in vivo study, all groups present similar levels of urinary calcium (GF = 1.04 mg versus SGF = 2.06 mg; BF = 1.68 mg versus SBF = 1.35 mg) and fecal calcium (GF = 5.06 mg versus SGF = 6.14 mg; BF = 6.47 mg versus SBF = 8.40 mg). The calcium balance/day of the SBF group (37.97 mg) was smaller than the control group (47.22 mg). The germination maintained the plasma levels of calcium, phosphorus, creatinine, and alkaline phosphatase similar among the groups. No changes were observed in morphology and calcium levels of animal femurs.CONCLUSIONThe germination reduced the antinutritional factor in both flaxseed varieties. Although there was an improvement in the in vitro bioaccessibility of calcium, the germination did not increase calcium absorption and balance in the animals, which may be due to the interaction with other compounds in the organism. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Different dry hopping and fermentation methods: influence on beer nutritional quality
Authors: Gerhards Sandra , Talaverano María Inmaculada , Andrés Ana Isabel , Sánchez‐Vicente Carlos , Lozano Jesús , García‐Latorre Carlos , Petrón María Jesús , Rodrigo Sara 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDNowadays, the craft beer market is booming and the consumer trend for trying something new is increasing. Here, nine different treatments of a craft beer were realized in a pilot plant, studying fermentation and dry‐hopping types. Quality parameters of the beer such as polyphenols, antioxidants, bitterness, colour and alcohol were analysed. In addition, an electronic nose was used to distinguish beer types.RESULTSResults showed that dry hopping in maturation with warm temperature increased the bitterness from 33 to 40 IBUs. The treatment using two yeasts and two fermentation temperatures resulted in the highest antioxidant capacity of the beer (around 92%). Antioxidant activity was increased by late dry hopping using ale yeasts for fermenting. Principal component analysis performed with electronic nose data explained up to 97% of the total variability of the compounds in the study.CONCLUSIONSCombined use of ale and lager yeasts seems to increase the antioxidant capacity and total polyphenol content of beer. Antioxidant activity is increased by late dry hopping. An electronic nose is a suitable device for discriminating the volatile profile complexity in beer. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
A survey of accuracy of nurses’ clinical judgement of cutaneous graft‐versus‐host disease in Japan
Authors: Maeda Rumi , Obama Kyoko , Tomioka Akiko , Akagawa Junko , Maru Mitsue 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimWe examined accuracy of nurses’ clinical judgement of graft‐versus‐host‐disease (GVHD) symptoms and related factors using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) for patients who developed chronic cutaneous GVHD after haematopoietic stem cell transplants.DesignCross‐sectional design using nationwide survey.MethodsA questionnaire survey based on Tanner's clinical judgement model to assess patients with chronic cutaneous GVHD using CTCAE was used. Free‐text descriptions and statistical analyses of relationship between correct responses and demographic data were performed.ResultsThe rate of correct responses for main symptoms of skin GVHD was < 50%; there was no statistical significance between correct responses and demographic data, knowledge about GVHD and collaborative practice with physicians. The accuracy of cutaneous GVHD clinical judgements was not directly related to nurses’ background. Educational opportunities that reinforce nurses’ abilities to reflect on knowledge and experiences to interpret patient symptoms are essential for improving accuracy of clinical judgement.
Warum klingt ein Piano wie ein Piano?
Authors: Siu‐Dschu Fan Christina , Dosch Hans Günter 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDer volle Klang eines Pianos erfordert einige konstruktive Besonderheiten, die zu charakteristischen akustischen Eigenschaften des erzeugten Tones führen. Durch Vergleich von eigens konstruierten, synthetischen Tönen untereinander und mit einem natürlichen Pianoton erhalten wir quantitative Ergebnisse über die Bedeutung dieser Eigenschaften. Demnach lassen vor allem zwei Beiträge einen synthetischen Ton einem echten Pianoton ähnlich erscheinen: die Existenz eines Obertonspektrums und eine zeitlich langsam ausklingende Komponente. Andere Beiträge wie die Anharmonizität, Schwebungen sowie das Geräusch des Hammeraufschlags tragen schwächer und in etwa gleichem Maße bei.
Tricksen für gute Bilder
Authors: Teubner Ulrich , Blahnik Vladan , Brückner Hans Josef 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Sensoren in Smartphonekameras sind prinzipiell vergleichbar aufgebaut wie in großen Kameras. Die geringen Abmessungen erzwingen jedoch sehr kleine Sensoren mit winzigen Pixeln. Das wirkt sich ungünstig auf den Dynamikbereich und das Rauschverhalten aus. Um trotzdem Aufnahmen zu erhalten, die zumindest auf den Smartphonedisplays gut aussehen, wird eine aufwendige Bildbearbeitung eingesetzt. Dabei spielen Multi‐Shot‐Aufnahmen eine wichtige Rolle: Die Kamera nimmt mehrere Bilder auf und verrechnet diese. Das erweitert den aufnahmeseitigen Dynamikbereich (High Dynamic Range, HDR) und reduziert das Bildrauschen. Die Software gleicht sogar geringe Verschiebungen in den Einzelbildern aus, die durch Bewegungen verursacht werden. Allerdings kommt das Verfahren bei schnell bewegten Motiven und wenig Licht an Grenzen. Im Portraitmodus nutzt die Software Informationen aus mehreren Kamerabildern sowie neuerdings Laufzeitmessungen eines Time‐of‐Flight‐Sensors, um das Motiv vor einem künstlich unscharf gerechneten Hintergrund freizustellen. Der Preis sind Bildfehler, die aber auf kleinen Displays kaum auffallen.
Regulating the Li+‐Solvation Structure of Ester Electrolyte for High‐Energy‐Density Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Xiao Dengji , Li Qian , Luo Dan , Li Gaoran , Liu Hao , Shui Lingling , Gourley Storm , Zhou Guofu , Wang Xin , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe development of high‐energy‐density Li metal batteries are hindered by electrolyte consumption and uneven lithium deposition due to the unstable lithium‐electrolyte interface (SEI). In this work, tetraglyme is introduced into ester electrolyte to regulate the Li+‐solvation structures for stable SEI while remaining appropriate voltage window for high‐voltage cathodes. In the modified solvation structures, an enhanced lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level occurs, resulting in relieved electrolyte degradation. In addition, the modified solvation structures can facilitate adequate LiNO3 dissolution in the ester electrolyte (denoted as E‐LiNO3), contributing to constant supplement of constructing highly conductive LiNxOy‐containing SEI for dendrite‐free Li deposition under high capacity condition. As a result, the Li||Cu cell‐based on this electrolyte exhibits high Li plating/stripping Coulombic efficiency of 98.2% over 350 cycles. Furthermore, when paired with high‐voltage LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cathodes, the E‐LiNO3 enables a stable cycling with a high‐energy‐density of 296 Wh kg−1 based on the full cell under realistic testing conditions (lean electrolyte of 3 g Ah−1, limited Li excess of 2.45‐fold, and high areal capacity of 4 mAh cm−2).
Tree-level splitting amplitudes for a gluon into four collinear partons
Authors: Del Duca Vittorio , Duhr Claude , Haindl Rayan , Lazopoulos Achilleas , Michel Martin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We compute in conventional dimensional regularisation the tree-level splitting amplitudes for a gluon parent which splits into four collinear partons. This is part of the universal infrared behaviour of the QCD scattering amplitudes at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N3LO) in the strong coupling constant. Combined with our earlier results for a quark parent, this completes the set of tree-level splitting amplitudes required at this order. We also study iterated collinear limits where a subset of the four collinear partons become themselves collinear.
Secreted frizzled-related protein 2: a key player in noncanonical Wnt signaling and tumor angiogenesis
Authors: van Loon Karlijn , Huijbers Elisabeth J. M. , Griffioen Arjan W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSecreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRP) are glycoproteins containing a so-called frizzled-like cysteine-rich domain. This domain enables them to bind to Wnt ligands or frizzled (FzD) receptors, making potent regulators of Wnt signaling. As Wnt signaling is often altered in cancer, it is not surprising that Wnt regulators such as SFRP proteins are often differentially expressed in the tumor microenvironment, both in a metastatic and non-metastatic setting. Indeed, SFRP2 is shown to be specifically upregulated in the tumor vasculature of several types of cancer. Several studies investigated the functional role of SFRP2 in the tumor vasculature, showing that SFRP2 binds to FzD receptors on the surface of tumor endothelial cells. This activates downstream Wnt signaling and which is, thereby, stimulating angiogenesis. Interestingly, not the well-known canonical Wnt signaling pathway, but the noncanonical Wnt/Ca2+ pathway seems to be a key player in this event. In tumor models, the pro-angiogenic effect of SFRP2 could be counteracted by antibodies targeting SFRP2, without the occurrence of toxicity. Since tumor angiogenesis is an important process in tumorigenesis and metastasis formation, specific tumor endothelial markers such as SFRP2 show great promise as targets for anti-cancer therapies. This review discusses the role of SFRP2 in noncanonical Wnt signaling and tumor angiogenesis, and highlights its potential as anti-angiogenic therapeutic target in cancer.
COVID-19: US federal accountability for entry, spread, and inequities—lessons for the future
Authors: Hanage William P. , Testa Christian , Chen Jarvis T. , Davis Letitia , Pechter Elise , Seminario Peg , Santillana Mauricio , Krieger Nancy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe United States (US) has been among those nations most severely affected by the first—and subsequent—phases of the pandemic of COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. With only 4% of the worldwide population, the US has seen about 22% of COVID-19 deaths. Despite formidable advantages in resources and expertise, presently the per capita mortality rate is over 585/million, respectively 2.4 and 5 times higher compared to Canada and Germany. As we enter Fall 2020, the US is enduring ongoing outbreaks across large regions of the country. Moreover, within the US, an early and persistent feature of the pandemic has been the disproportionate impact on populations already made vulnerable by racism and dangerous jobs, inadequate wages, and unaffordable housing, and this is true for both the headline public health threat and the additional disastrous economic impacts. In this article we assess the impact of missteps by the Federal Government in three specific areas: the introduction of the virus to the US and the establishment of community transmission; the lack of national COVID-19 workplace standards and enforcement, and lack of personal protective equipment (PPE) for workplaces as represented by complaints to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) which we find are correlated with deaths 16 days later (ρ = 0.83); and the total excess deaths in 2020 to date already total more than 230,000, while COVID-19 mortality rates exhibit severe—and rising—inequities in race/ethnicity, including among working age adults.