bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive off‐line CCC × LC‐DAD‐MS separation of Cyclopia pubescens Eckl. & Zeyh. phenolic compounds and structural elucidation of isolated compounds
Authors: Walters Nico A. , de Beer Dalene , de Villiers André , Danton Ombeline , Hamburger Matthias , Joubert Elizabeth 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe minor phenolic constituents of Cyclopia pubescens Eckl. & Zeyh. are unknown and one dimensional (1D) liquid chromatography (LC) is unable to provide sufficient separation.MethodologyA two‐dimensional (2D) LC method incorporating normal‐phasehigh performance countercurrent chromatography (NP‐HPCCC) in the first dimension (1D) and reversed‐phase ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐UHPLC) as the second dimension (2D) was developed. The analytical HPCCC method was subsequently scaled up to semi‐preparative mode and fractions pooled based on phenolic sub‐groups. The phenolic compounds in selected fractions were subsequently isolated using RP‐HPLC on a C18 column. Isolated compounds were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The absolute configurations of compounds were determined by optical rotation and electronic circular dichroism spectra. Sugars were identified by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis.ResultsThe comprehensive off‐line 2D CCC × LC method gave a good spread of the phenolic compounds. Orthogonality calculated using both the convex hull and conditional entropy methods were 81%. High‐resolution mass spectrometric fragmentation spectra obtained from a quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight instrument and ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐vis) spectral data were used to (tentatively) identify 32 phenolic compounds from the analytical CCC fractions. Of the seven isolated compounds, (2S)‐5‐O‐[α‐l‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1 → 2)‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl]eriodictyol (3) and (2S)‐5‐O‐[α‐l‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1 → 2)‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl]‐5,7,3′,4′‐tetrahydroxyflavan (4) were newly identified in all plants. The other isolated compounds were identified as (2S)‐5‐O‐[α‐l‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1 → 2)‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl]naringenin (1), R‐neo‐eriocitrin (2), 3‐O‐α‐l‐arabinopyranosyl‐3,4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (5), 4‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl‐Z‐4‐hydroxycinnamic acid (6) and 4‐(4′‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl‐4′‐hydroxy‐3′‐methoxyphenyl)‐2‐butanone (7).ConclusionsAmong the 32 compounds (tentatively) identified, only six were previously identified in Cyclopia pubescens using 1D LC. Most of the isolated compounds were also identified for the first time in Cyclopia spp., improving the knowledge of the minor phenolic compounds of this genus.
Mental health literacy, treatment preferences and the lived experience of mental health problems in an Australian cancer sample
Authors: Kangas Maria , Heissel Andreas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe prevalence rates for mental health (MH) problems in cancer patients is high, although reduced uptake of services may be influenced by mental health literacy (MHL). The objective of this study was to investigate the MHL for depression and panic disorder (PD), including treatment preferences in Australian adults who had been diagnosed and treated for cancer, and whether MHL and treatment preferences was influenced by sex, age, and individuals' lived MH experience.MethodA total of 421 cancer survivors (n = 378 females) completed a self‐report survey. Participants were asked to specify whether they had a lived experience with anxiety and/or depression, and to indicate treatment preferences for managing cancer‐related distress. Two vignettes were administered to assess MHL for depression and PD.ResultsThe MHL accuracy for depression was higher than PD. Accuracy rates were higher for females with a lived experience with anxiety and/or depression; although the accuracy rate for PD was significantly lower in males. A high proportion of individuals preferred exercise and in‐person counselling to manage depression and PD. Internet‐based therapies were not strongly preferred for managing MH problems.ConclusionsThe MHL for depression and PD is moderate for adult cancer survivors, with higher levels indicated for individuals with a personal lived experience with anxiety and/or depression. Public health campaigns for enhancing MHL should broaden to include individuals experiencing comorbid physical health conditions. Health providers also need to take into account client preferences for evidence‐based therapies.
Carbon dioxide emissions from periglacial patterned ground under changing permafrost conditions and shrub encroachment in an alpine landscape, Jotunheimen, Norway
Authors: Hallang Helen , Hiemstra John F. , Los Sietse O. , Matthews John A. , Froyd Cynthia A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhether Arctic and alpine ecosystems will act as a future net sink or source of carbon remains uncertain. The present study investigates ways in which ecosystem (soil and vegetation) and geomorphological (cryogenic disturbance) factors may control or affect the future release of carbon in an alpine permafrost landscape. Rates of ecosystem respiration (Re) were examined using a portable gas analyzer across an altitudinal transect ranging from mid‐ to high‐alpine vegetation zones underlain by discontinuous to continuous permafrost on Galdhøpiggen (Norway). Measurements were made of Re during the peak growing season on active and relict sorted circles exhibiting varying levels of frost disturbance and shrub encroachment. Re was found to be controlled more strongly by soil microclimate and plant growth forms than by geomorphic indicators of cryoturbation in thawing permafrost or by atmospheric conditions. The results indicate that increasing shrub cover leads to elevated Re, while an increase in surface disturbance has the potential to lower Re. We conclude that vegetation is likely to colonize frost‐disturbed surfaces at progressively higher altitudes as freeze–thaw processes slow down or cease, and this will result in increased Re.
Impact of radiation dose on recurrence in high‐risk prostate cancer patients
Authors: Deek Matthew , Lilleby Wolfgang , Vaage Victoria , Hole Knut H. , DeWeese Theodore , Stensvold Andreas , Tran Phuoc , Seierstad Therese 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundDose escalated radiation therapy (RT) combined with long‐term androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a standard of care option for men with high‐risk and locally advanced prostate cancer (PCa). However, the optimal dose of escalated RT and ADT is not known. Here we assessed the impact of radiation dose and length of ADT on biochemical recurrence in a multi‐institutional cohort stratified by the Cambridge prognostic group (CPG). We hypothesized that radiation dose and length of ADT would impact outcome in similar risk groups of our patients.MethodsTwo‐hundred and forty‐four patients were included, 132 from Oslo University Hospital, Department of Oncology and 112 from Johns Hopkins Hospital, Department of Radiation Oncology. Biochemical recurrence was defined as prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) nadir +2 ng/mL. Time to recurrence was estimated using Kaplan‐Meier analysis and when stratified by CPG the log‐rank test was used. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with risk of recurrence. Site of recurrence was investigated.ResultsThe median follow‐up time was 7.4 years. The vast majority (71%) of patients were classified as high‐risk (CPG 4) or very high‐risk features (CPG 5). Significantly more PSA recurrences occurred in CPG 5 (41%) compared with CPG 4 (25%) (P = .04) and five‐year cumulative recurrence‐free survival was lower for CPG 4 and 5 (89% and 68%) compared with CPG 1, 2, and 3 (100%, 100%, and 93%). The recurrence‐free survival for CPG 5 was significantly higher for prostate irradiation of 80 Gy as compared with 74 Gy (P = .011). For CPG 4 and 5 no local recurrences were detected in patients receiving 80 Gy. On stepwise Cox regression analysis neither age nor length of ADT were independent prognostic factors for recurrence free survival.ConclusionProstate dose escalation from 74 to 80 Gy decreases risk of recurrence in high‐risk PCa. Further studies are needed to identify the optimal combination of ADT and RT.
Sentiment analysis of social media posts on pharmacotherapy: A scoping review
Authors: Sharma Chanakya , Whittle Samuel , Haghighi Pari D. , Burstein Frada , Keen Helen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSocial media is playing an increasingly central role in patient's decision‐making process. Advances in technology have enabled meaningful interpretation of discussions on social media. We conducted a scoping review to assess whether Sentiment Analysis (SA), a big data analytic tool, could be used to extract meaningful themes from social media discussions on pharmacotherapy. A keyword search strategy was used on the following databases: OneSearch, PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane. One hundred and ninety‐four titles were identified of which 10 studies were included. We extracted themes about uses and implications of SA of social media discussions on pharmacotherapy. Twitter was the most frequently analyzed platform. Assessment of public sentiment about a particular medication was the most common use of SA followed by detection of adverse drug reactions. Studies also revealed a significant impact of news media on public sentiment. Implications for real world practice include identifying reasons for a negative sentiment, detecting adverse drug reactions and using the impact of news media on social media sentiment to drive public health initiatives. The lack of a consistent approach to SA between the studies reflects the lack of a gold standard for the technology and consequently the need for future research. Sentiment Analysis is a promising technology that can allow us to better understand patient opinion regarding pharmacotherapy. This knowledge can be used to improve patient safety, patient‐ physician interaction, and also enhance the delivery of public health measures.
A failure mechanism consistency test method for accelerated degradation test
Authors: Zhai Guofu , Zheng Bokai , Ye Xuerong , Si Shuang , Zio Enrico 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAccelerated degradation test (ADT) is generally used to accelerate degradation processes in products to estimate their lifespan and to assess their reliability in a short period of time. How to perform the failure mechanism consistency test is crucial in the application of the ADT method. Existing failure mechanism consistency test methods assume that degradation rates among individual products are the same. However, these methods do not take degradation dispersions caused by manufacturing technologies into consideration. To address this issue, a failure mechanism consistency test method for ADT based on the activation energy invariant method and the likelihood ratio test is proposed. First, a degradation modeling method for ADT is introduced. Then, the logarithmic maximum likelihood function values of the degradation models are estimated based on the two‐step maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method. Finally, the decision rule is proposed based on the likelihood ratio test. The method mentioned above is, then, used on the real degradation data of carbon‐film resistors and bullet O‐rings, and its effectiveness is verified. Furthermore, based on the failure mechanism change point in RTV5370 siloxane rubbers, the simulated degradation data are degenerated to compare the proposed method with the method not considering individual differences in different ADT programs and degradation dispersions.
Rapid computational evaluation of small‐molecule hydrolase mimics for preorganized H‐bond networks
Authors: Öner Alara , Çelebi‐Ölçüm Nihan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSpirocyclic oligomers formed by coupling chiral cyclic building blocks carrying the catalytic machinery of hydrolases (spiroligozymes) catalyze the transesterification of vinyl trifluoromethylacetate with methanol but suffer from the lack of enzyme‐like preorganization of their catalytic functionalities in a well‐defined geometry via H‐bond networks. The computational protocol presented herein combines different levels of theories to rapidly explore structural modifications for an improved structural preorganization. Calculations predict that a modification as simple as replacing the five‐membered building block holding the alcohol moiety with a six‐membered analog in spiroligozymes significantly increases the occupancy of the H‐bond between the benzyl alcohol‐pyridine nucleophilic dyad that mimics the Ser‐His‐Asp/Glu triad of hydrolases. The computed energy profile is indicative of faster acylation of this derivative compared to the parent spiroligozyme and highlights the importance of inclusion of an oxyanion hole motif for efficient catalysis.
Experiments on the hydraulics and swimming responses of juvenile Chinook Salmon encountering a floating guidance structure
Authors: Swanson Samuel T. , Tullos Desiree D. , Goodwin R. Andrew 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFloating guidance structures are intended to promote safe passage for juvenile salmon migrating downstream through reservoirs. However, the ability of an engineered structure to guide fish to safe passage has been primarily tested through large‐scale implementation in reservoirs or in laboratory studies and computer simulations without live fish. Research is needed that integrates fluid mechanics with fish behaviour to study how hydraulic conditions around a guidance structure trigger swimming behaviours. In this study, an outdoor experimental channel was used to identify: (a) the hydraulic signature of a floating guidance structure and (b) changes in fish swim behaviour in relation to channel hydraulics. The flow field surrounding a guidance structure at two deployment angles was characterized using acoustic Doppler velocimeters. Swimming behaviours of juvenile Chinook salmon were recorded using underwater videogrammetry. A statistical method for behaviour change detection identified the most likely locations of swimming behaviour changes in fish as they first encountered the guidance structure. Finally, the locations of behaviour changes were compared to the hydraulics surrounding each guidance structure. Taken together, results indicated the fish did respond to the guide wall with behaviour changes, but did not distinguish between the two guide wall angles. While the two guide wall angles did produce statistically different distributions of hydraulic variables, the differences were small, potentially too small for the fish to produce a behavioural response. To inform the design of guidance structures, further work may clarify if swim responses vary with more aggressive wall angles and/or higher approach velocities, or if any contraction of flow and/or visual cue will produce similar behaviour responses.
Assessing ethical consumer behavior for sustainable development: The mediating role of brand attachment
Authors: Rasool Shahid , Cerchione Roberto , Salo Jari 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDespite being ethically concerned, sometimes ethically minded consumers opted for unethical brands. This research aims to uncover the underlying reasons and the role of self‐congruence theory to bridge this intention‐behavior gap. This paper analyses the impact of actual self‐concept (ASC) and ideal self‐congruence (ISC) on different dimensions of ethically minded consumer behavior (EMCB) in presence of brand attachment (BA) as mediator. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is used to investigate these issues in a sample of 674 respondents. The results reveal that the positively significant relationship of the ASC and ISC with the dimensions of EMCB is negatively mediated by BA. For managers, findings offer a strategical direction and real‐world approach to improving BA and ethical concerns simultaneously without exploiting customer's actual self while promising a strong customer value. This study develops holistic theoretical model that addresses the intention‐behavior gap in sustainable development literature and enhances the understanding of self‐congruence and ethically minded consumption where brands are involved.
Rechargeable Calcium–Sulfur Batteries Enabled by an Efficient Borate‐Based Electrolyte
Authors: Li Zhenyou , Vinayan Bhaghavathi Parambath , Diemant Thomas , Behm Rolf Jürgen , Fichtner Maximilian , Zhao‐Karger Zhirong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRechargeable metal–sulfur batteries show great promise for energy storage applications because of their potentially high energy and low cost. The multivalent‐metal based electrochemical system exhibits the particular advantage of the feasibility of dendrite‐free metal anode. Calcium (Ca) represents a promising anode material owing to the low reductive potential, high capacity, and abundant natural resources. However, calcium–sulfur (Ca–S) battery technology is in an early R&D stage, facing the fundamental challenge to develop a suitable electrolyte enabling reversible electrochemical Ca deposition, and at the same time, sulfur redox reactions in the system. Herein, a study of a room‐temperature Ca–S battery by employing a stable and efficient calcium tetrakis(hexafluoroisopropyloxy) borate Ca[B(hfip)4]2 electrolyte is presented. The Ca–S batteries exhibit a cell voltage of ≈2.1 V (close to its thermodynamic value) and good reversibility. The mechanistic studies hint at a redox chemistry of sulfur with polysulfide/sulfide species involved in the Ca‐based system.
Rational Design of FeNi Bimetal Modified Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photoconversion of Anthropogenic CO2 into Widely Tunable Syngas
Authors: Han Bin , Ou Xinwen , Zhong Zuqi , Liang Shujie , Deng Hong , Lin Zhang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDirect photoconversion of low‐concentration CO2 into a widely tunable syngas (i.e., CO/H2 mixture) provides a feasible outlet for the high value‐added utilization of anthropogenic CO2. However, in the low‐concentration CO2 photoreduction system, it remains a huge challenge to screen appropriate catalysts for efficient CO and H2 production, respectively, and provide a facile parameter to tune the CO/H2 ratio in a wide range. Herein, by engineering the metal sites on the covalent organic frameworks matrix, low‐concentration CO2 can be efficiently photoconverted into tunable syngas, whose CO/H2 ratio (1:19–9:1) is obviously wider than reported systems. Experiments and density functional theory calculations indicate that Fe sites serve as the H2 evolution sites due to the much stronger binding affinity to H2O, while Ni sites act as the CO production sites for the higher affinity to CO2. Notably, the widely tunable syngas can also be produced over other Fe/Ni‐based bimetal catalysts, regardless of their structures and supporting materials, confirming the significant role of the metal sites in regulating the selectivity of CO2 photoreduction and providing a modular design strategy for syngas production.
Rapid and Controllable Synthesis of Nanocrystallized Nickel‐Cobalt Boride Electrode Materials via a Mircoimpinging Stream Reaction for High Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Qingcheng , Zhao Junping , Wu Yechao , Li Jun , Jin Huile , Zhao Shiqiang , Chai Lulu , Wang Yahui , Lei Yong , Wang Shun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNickel‐cobalt borides (denoted as NCBs) have been considered as a promising candidate for aqueous supercapacitors due to their high capacitive performances. However, most reported NCBs are amorphous that results in slow electron transfer and even structure collapse during cycling. In this work, a nanocrystallized NCBs‐based supercapacitor is successfully designed via a facile and practical microimpinging stream reactor (MISR) technique, composed of a nanocrystallized NCB core to facilitate the charge transfer, and a tightly contacted Ni‐Co borates/metaborates (NCBi) shell which is helpful for OH− adsorption. These merits endow NCB@NCBi a large specific capacity of 966 C g−1 (capacitance of 2415 F g−1) at 1 A g−1 and good rate capability (633.2 C g−1 at 30 A g−1), as well as a very high energy density of 74.3 Wh kg−1 in an asymmetric supercapacitor device. More interestingly, it is found that a gradual in situ conversion of core NCBs to nanocrystallized Ni‐Co (oxy)‐hydroxides inwardly takes place during the cycles, which continuously offers large specific capacity due to more electron transfer in the redox reaction processes. Meanwhile, the electron deficient state of boron in metal‐borates shells can make it easier to accept electrons and thus promote ionic conduction.
Conceptualising, extracting and analysing requirements arguments in users' forums: The CrowdRE‐Arg framework
Authors: Ali Khan Javed , Liu Lin , Wen Lijie , Ali Raian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDue to the pervasive use of online forums and social media, users' feedback are more accessible today and can be used within a requirements engineering context. However, such information is often fragmented, with multiple perspectives from multiple parties involved during on‐going interactions. In this paper, the authors propose a Crowd‐based Requirements Engineering approach by Argumentation (CrowdRE‐Arg). The framework is based on the analysis of the textual conversations found in user forums, identification of features, issues and the arguments that are in favour or opposing a given requirements statement. The analysis is to generate an argumentation model of the involved user statements, retrieve the conflicting‐viewpoints, reason about the winning‐arguments and present that to systems analysts to make informed‐requirements decisions. For this purpose, the authors adopted a bipolar argumentation framework and a coalition‐based meta‐argumentation framework as well as user voting techniques. The CrowdRE‐Arg approach and its algorithms are illustrated through two sample conversations threads taken from the Reddit forum. Additionally, the authors devised algorithms that can identify conflict‐free features or issues based on their supporting and attacking arguments. The authors tested these machine learning algorithms on a set of 3,051 user comments, preprocessed using the content analysis technique. The results show that the proposed algorithms correctly and efficiently identify conflict‐free features and issues along with their winning arguments.
Are Product Owners communicators? A multi‐method research approach to provide a more comprehensive picture of Product Owners in practice
Authors: Unger‐Windeler Carolin , Klünder Jil Ann‐Christin , Reuscher Timothy , Schneider Kurt 
Published: August 2020

AbstractProduct Owners have an important role in the agile and hybrid software development process. While this role is supposed to maximize the value of a product, there seem to be several scattered results on how they achieve this, as well as what actually constitutes this role in practice. To consolidate current research results and to further analyze the key attribute of Product Owners, we conducted a multi‐method research approach spanning a systematic mapping study and a consecutive case study in a hybrid development environment.The results of the mapping study states that Product Owners are communicators. We further investigated on this and used the shadowing technique to observe three Product Owners' communication activities. The results support that statement, as the gained data reveal that Product Owners spend 65% of their time in meetings. But rather than just providing the team with the necessary requirements for the product under development, Product Owners need this time to synchronize and align their work, streamline the agile process of large‐scale Scrum, discuss team‐based topics, and to solve upcoming issues addressed by the team. These results contribute to draw a more comprehensive picture of the important but yet complex role of Product Owners in practice.