bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL (Interleukin)-15 Bridges Astrocyte-Microglia Crosstalk and Exacerbates Brain Injury Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Shi Samuel X. , Li Yu-Jing , Shi Kaibin , Wood Kristofer , Ducruet Andrew F. , Liu Qiang 
Published: February 2020

Background and Purpose—
Microglia are among the first cells to respond to intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), but the mechanisms that underlie their activity following ICH remain unclear. IL (interleukin)-15 is a proinflammatory cytokine that orchestrates homeostasis and the intensity of the immune response following central nervous system inflammatory events. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of IL-15 in ICH injury.

Methods—

Using brain slices of patients with ICH, we determined the presence and cellular source of IL-15. A transgenic mouse line with targeted expression of IL-15 in astrocytes was generated to determine the role of astrocytic IL-15 in ICH. The expression of IL-15 was controlled by a glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter (GFAP-IL-15
tg
). ICH was induced by intraparenchymal injection of collagenase or autologous blood.

Results—

In patients with ICH and wild-type mice subjected to experimental ICH, we found a significant upregulation of IL-15 in astrocytes. In GFAP-IL-15
tg
mice, we found that astrocyte-targeted expression of IL-15 exacerbated brain edema and neurological deficits following ICH. This aggravated ICH injury in GFAP-IL-15
tg
mice is accompanied by increased microglial accumulation in close proximity to astrocytes in perihematomal tissues. Additionally, microglial expression of CD86, IL-1β, and TNF-α is markedly increased in GFAP-IL-15
tg
mice following ICH. Furthermore, depletion of microglia using a colony stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor diminishes the exacerbation of ICH injury in GFAP-IL-15
tg
mice.

Conclusions—
Our findings identify IL-15 as a mediator of the crosstalk between astrocytes and microglia that exacerbates brain injury following ICH.
The Strange Case of Henry Bergh’s “Declaration of the Rights of Animals”
Authors: Ingram Darcy 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A growing number of texts that address the history of the animal protection movement in the United States point to the importance of a document written in 1866 by ASPCA founder Henry Bergh and signed by dozens of influential supporters entitled the “Declaration of the Rights of Animals.” This article pursues the discussions and the bibliographical matter found in these texts along with other likely sources in which the “Declaration” or discussion of it might appear, and comes to the conclusion that no such document exists. In lieu of the “Declaration,” the article locates its origins in a very different document, traces the trajectory that led to that document being viewed in the terms currently ascribed to it, and emphasizes the impact that the presence or absence of such a groundbreaking document as the “Declaration” has on our understanding of the history and evolution of the animal protection movement.
Being Councillor and Prophet?
Authors: Perona Blandine 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
By studying three letters of Erasmus to princes (to Charles, Archduke of Austria in 1516, to the same, became Charles the 5th in 1523 and to Francis the 1st in 1524), this present article intends to show that Erasmus constantly tries to resolve a puzzle which is central in Utopia’s first book. Erasmus does not really choose between the answers which the fictitious More and Hythlodaeus give to the readers. He uses rhetorical accommodation as a way to be at the same time councillor and prophet, at the same time deferential and irreverent. In 1535, his last work, the Ecclesiastes, shows that during all his life he recommended the same solution. Accommodation is the way to be heard and to make words effective for princes’ councillors and for preachers too.
Metaphysical Time in Rūmī’s Mathnawī: Sufi Terminology of Metaphysical Time
Authors: Lewisohn Leonard 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article explores the idea of Metaphysical Time in the poetry of Jalāl al-Dīn Rūmī against more general understandings of time and temporality in Sufi thought and Persian poetry. Various attitudes toward serial time and the subjective experience of past, present, and future are reflected in the poetry of not only Rūmī, but also ʽUmar Khayyām and Ḥāfiẓ. The philosophical approaches toward human temporality discussed here include sentient carpe diem, spiritual carpe diem, and pursuit of the Metaphysical Moment, or Time’s Currency (naqd-i waqt). To understand this, we must examine Rūmī’s understanding of the notion of the Sufi as ‘the son of time’ (Ibn al-waqt), along with the concomitant or related ideas in Rūmī’s poetry of ‘the Father of Time’ (abū ‘l-waqt) and ‘the Brethren of Time’ (ikhwān al-waqt), and the Prophet’s Hadith, ‘I have a time with God….’. The article elaborates on some remarkable homologies between the concepts of time and the ‘Industrious Man’ in the poetry of Mawlānā Rūmī and William Blake, and how the attraction of divine love pulls the lover out of Time into the realm of Eternity, and how love subverts rational categories of time and space, which become illusory and vanish in the mystical experience of unity. Aldous Huxley’s distinction between the Philosophers of Time and the Philosophers of Eternity is also explored in relation to Rūmī’s thinking.
The Seven Avatars of Love: Deliberations on Rūmī’s Mathnawī
Authors: Zekrgoo Amir H. , Tajer Leyla H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn ‘avatar’ is a technical Sanskrit term used in Indian mythology, referring to a divine manifestation on earth. The ultimate goal of an avatar is to save the earth and guide its occupants to salvation. Similarly, Rūmī equates true love with God and introduces seven different personifications of love on earth as divine agents who are there to lead mankind to the ultimate joy of liberation – liberation from their own egos and from their surroundings. The typical stories of love revolve around the lovers’ fears, pains, joys, and other emotional states, and the path they follow in order to experience the ultimate ecstasy of union with the beloved. In the Mathnawī the issue of love has been discussed in various passages and stages. A detailed analytical study of the magnum opus shows an effort by Rūmī to represent various stages of love in bodily forms. That is to say the lover, in his mystical journey, faces individuals who are in fact personifications of love. In his journey of self-discovery, the lover encounters seven mysterious individuals, whom we have termed the Seven Avatars of Love. These seven avatars appear at various stages of the journey in order to test, help, and provide guidance to the lover. They are in fact manifestations of a single reality disguised in seven forms: the Blood-shedder, the Spiritual Guide (Pīr), the Constable, the King, the Caliph, the Angel Gabriel, and finally, the Musician. Together they display various intellectual, mental, and emotional challenges that are experienced by true lovers on the path of love.
Potential Impact of Preceding Aleutian Low Variation on El Niño–Southern Oscillation during the Following Winter
Authors: Chen Shangfeng , Chen Wen , Wu Renguang , Yu Bin , Graf Hans-F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe present study reveals a close relation between the interannual variation of Aleutian low intensity (ALI) in March and the subsequent winter El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). When March ALI is weaker (stronger) than normal, an El Niño (a La Niña)–like sea surface temperature (SST) warming (cooling) tends to appear in the equatorial central-eastern Pacific during the subsequent winter. The physical process linking March ALI to the following winter ENSO is as follows. When March ALI is below normal, a notable atmospheric dipole pattern develops over the North Pacific, with an anticyclonic anomaly over the Aleutian region and a cyclonic anomaly over the subtropical west-central Pacific. The formation of the anomalous cyclone is attributed to feedback of the synoptic-scale eddy-to-mean-flow energy flux and associated vorticity transportation. Specifically, easterly wind anomalies over the midlatitudes related to the weakened ALI are accompanied by a decrease in synoptic-scale eddy activity, which forces an anomalous cyclone to its southern flank. The accompanying westerly wind anomalies over the tropical west-central Pacific induce SST warming in the equatorial central-eastern Pacific during the following summer–autumn via triggering eastward-propagating warm Kelvin waves, which may sustain and develop into an El Niño event during the following winter via positive air–sea feedback. The relation of March ALI with the following winter ENSO is independent of the preceding tropical Pacific SST, the preceding-winter North Pacific Oscillation, and the spring Arctic Oscillation. The results of this analysis may provide an additional source for the prediction of ENSO.
Once bitten, twice shy: Dissatisfaction with previous therapy and its implication for future help-seeking among men
Authors: Seidler Zac E , Rice Simon M , Kealy David , Oliffe John L , Ogrodniczuk John S 
Published: February 2020

Objective Men can be reluctant to disclose distress and many men have ambivalence toward seeking help for depression, leading to poor uptake of and engagement in psychotherapy. The present study sought to explore whether a previously dissatisfying therapy experience leads to greater doubts about the effectiveness of treatment, in turn impacting on a man’s willingness to disclose their distress in future. Method An online survey of 133 Canadian men was conducted to investigate their current depressive symptoms, previous experience of, and belief in, the effectiveness of psychotherapy and likelihood of disclosing distress to their physician. A regression model with mediation was employed to analyze the relationship between these responses. Results The regression model highlighted a significant negative association between satisfaction with previous therapy and doubt about the effectiveness of therapy (t = −7.299, 99% confidence interval [−.537, −.254], p < .001). There was also a significant indirect effect, such that doubt about the effectiveness of therapy mediated the association between previous satisfaction and willingness to disclose distress to a physician (t = 3.748, 99% confidence interval [.123, .690], p < .001). Conclusions Providing treatment for depression that men find engaging and satisfying may improve their confidence that psychotherapy can help, make them more likely to reach out for assistance in the future and in turn, benefit their long-term mental health outcomes.
Healthcare providers’ views and experiences of non-specialist palliative care in hospitals: A qualitative systematic review and thematic synthesis
Authors: Nevin Mary , Hynes Geralyn , Smith Valerie 
Published: February 2020

Background: Healthcare providers working in hospitals are frequently exposed to patients with palliative care needs. For most patients, these reflect non-specialist rather than specialist palliative care needs. Embedding palliative care principles early in patients’ disease trajectories within acute care delivery in hospitals, however, is a challenge. How to best understand the experiences of those providing non-specialist palliative care in hospitals has not been systematically assessed. Aim: To synthesise the evidence on healthcare providers’ views and experiences of non-specialist palliative care in hospitals. Design: A qualitative systematic review and thematic synthesis using Thomas and Harden’s thematic synthesis framework. Data sources: Databases of MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and EMBASE were searched from date of inception to March 2018. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they reported on healthcare providers’ views and experiences of non-specialist palliative care in hospitals. Studies were appraised for quality but not excluded on that basis. The review was prospectively registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. Results: Thirty-nine papers of 37 studies were included, representing 985 hospital healthcare providers’ views and experiences. Four major analytical themes emerged; ‘Understanding of Palliative Care’, ‘Complexities of Communication’, ‘Hospital Ecosystem’ and ‘Doctors and Nurses – a Different Lens’. Conclusions: Non-specialist palliative care in hospitals is operationalised as care in the last weeks and days of life. The organisation of acute care, inter-disciplinary working practices, clinician attitudes, poor communication structures and lack of education and training in palliative care principles exacerbates poor implementation of this care earlier for patients in hospitals.
The effects of a dance intervention on somatic symptoms and emotional distress in adolescent girls: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Duberg Anna , Jutengren Göran , Hagberg Lars , Möller Margareta 
Published: February 2020

Objective To investigate whether a dance intervention for adolescent girls reduces stress-related symptoms. Methods This was a randomized controlled trial of an after-school intervention. Participants were 112 girls aged 13 to 18 years with stress-related somatic symptoms and emotional distress. The intervention comprised twice-weekly dance sessions for 8 months with a focus on enjoyment and socialization. A questionnaire was administered at baseline and after 8, 12 and 20 months. Participants rated the frequency with which they had experienced somatic symptoms and emotional distress during the previous 3 months. Results After the intervention, there was a significantly greater reduction in somatic symptoms and emotional distress in the dance intervention group than in the control group. The difference in the mean score change on a 5-point scale was 0.26 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.04 to 0.47) for somatic symptoms and 0.30 (95% CI: 0.04 to 0.58) for emotional distress. Conclusion Dance interventions may reduce somatic symptoms and emotional distress in adolescent girls, and may constitute a nonpharmacological complement to school health services. However, continued participation is needed for long-term sustainable results. Additional randomized studies are required to further evaluate the effect of this type of intervention in different settings.  This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov. Study name: ‘Influencing Adolescent Girls With Creative Dance Twice Weekly’.  URL: http: //clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT01523561 .  Trial registration number: NCT01523561.
A Prospective Longitudinal Investigation of Cortical Thickness and Gyrification in Schizophrenia
Authors: Nelson Eric A. , Kraguljac Nina V. , White David M. , Jindal Ripu D. , Shin Ah L. , Lahti Adrienne C. 
Published: February 2020

Background: Cortical thickness (CT) and gyrification are complementary indices that assess different aspects of gray matter structural integrity. Both neurodevelopment insults and acute tissue response to antipsychotic medication could underlie the known heterogeneity of treatment response and are well-suited for interrogation into the relationship between gray matter morphometry and clinical outcomes in schizophrenia (SZ). Methods: Using a prospective design, we enrolled 34 unmedicated patients with SZ and 23 healthy controls. Patients were scanned at baseline and after a 6-week trial with risperidone. CT and local gyrification index (LGI) values were quantified from structural MRI scans using FreeSurfer 5.3. Results: We found reduced CT and LGI in patients compared to controls. Vertex-wise analyses demonstrated that hypogyrification was most prominent in the inferior frontal cortex, temporal cortex, insula, pre/postcentral gyri, temporoparietal junction, and the supramarginal gyrus. Baseline CT was predictive of subsequent response to antipsychotic treatment, and increase in CT after 6 weeks was correlated with greater symptom reductions. Conclusions: In summary, we report evidence of reduced CT and LGI in unmedicated patients compared to controls, suggesting involvement of different aspects of gray matter morphometry in the pathophysiology of SZ. Importantly, we found that lower CT at baseline and greater increase of CT following 6 weeks of treatment with risperidone were associated with better clinical response. Our results suggest that cortical thinning may normalize as a result of a good response to antipsychotic medication, possibly by alleviating potential neurotoxic processes underlying gray matter deterioration.
The Utility of Short-Interval Follow-Up for Baseline High-Risk Screening Breast MRI
Authors: Shergill Ravi , Osman Heba , Al-Douri Faten , Ramonas Milita , Al Duwaiki Suad , Alabousi Abdullah 
Published: February 2020

Objective: Patients with a high lifetime risk of developing breast cancer undergo annual screening magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) starting at age 30. A proportion of these patients are subsequently required to undergo short-interval follow-up MRI 6 months after their baseline examination. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility and outcome of these short-interval follow-up examinations in this population. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of 523 patients who received their baseline high-risk breast screening MRI at our institution between 2013 and 2017. The proportion of patients who received a short-interval follow-up MRI at 6 months was recorded. The findings at baseline and follow-up MRI were recorded, as well as the outcomes and results of any interventions performed. Results: Ninety-six (17.6%) patients (age range: 25-67, mean age: 41) received a short-interval follow-up MRI following their baseline screening examination. Indications for follow-up included moderate to marked background parenchymal enhancement, nonmass enhancement, and likely benign enhancing mass. Of the 92 patients, 5 (5.4%) went on to have a biopsy, with none revealing a malignant pathology. The remainder either returned to routine screening (91.3%) or received further imaging in the form of ultrasound or additional follow-up MRI (3.3%). Conclusion: Short-interval follow-up breast MRI in high-risk patients after a baseline screening study with likely benign findings is unlikely to yield clinically significant findings. This retrospective study can be considered a starting point for additional future work looking at the rate, indications, and yield of short-interval follow-up following baseline high-risk screening breast MRI studies.
Electroacupuncture versus manual acupuncture for knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled pilot trial
Authors: Wang Tian-Qi , Li Yong-Ting , Wang Li-Qiong , Shi Guang-Xia , Tu Jian-Feng , Yang Jing-Wen , Hou Ya-Quan , Lin Lu-Lu , Sun Ning , Zhao Jing-Jie , Hou Hai-Kun , Liu Cun-Zhi 
Published: February 2020

Objective: We aimed to explore the feasibility of evaluating the comparative effectiveness and safety of electroacupuncture (EA) relative to manual acupuncture (MA) for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods: A multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in Beijing from September 2017 to January 2018. A total of 60 participants with KOA were randomly allocated to either EA ( n = 30) or MA ( n = 30) groups. Participants in the EA group were treated with EA at six to seven local traditional acupuncture points or ah shi points, and two to three distal points. Participants in the MA group had the same schedule as the EA group except that the electrical apparatus featured a working power indicator without actual current output, constituting a sham EA procedure, in order to blind participants. Both groups received 24 sessions over 8 weeks. The primary outcome was response rate, defined as a change of ⩾50% from baseline in the total scores of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) after 8 weeks. Secondary outcomes included pain, stiffness, function, quality of life, and acupuncture-related adverse events (AEs) at 4 and 8 weeks. Results: Of 60 participants randomized, 53 (88%) completed the study. Response rates were 43% for the EA group and 30% for the MA group by the intention-to-treat analysis. Although significant differences were observed in WOMAC pain, stiffness, and function scores within both groups, between-group differences at 8 weeks did not reach statistical significance (odds ratio = 1.75 (95% confidence interval = 0.593–5.162)). Rates of AEs were low and similarly distributed between groups. Conclusion: Both EA and MA interventions in KOA were feasible and appeared safe. Whether or not EA may have a stronger impact on pain and function requires further evaluation through larger, adequately powered, randomized controlled trials. Trial registration number: NCT03274713.
Characteristics, diagnoses and risk profiles of inpatients readmitted within 28 days of discharge to an Australian private psychiatric hospital
Authors: Keks Nicholas A , Hope Judith , Adamopoulos Voula , Pring William , Tofler David , Macfarlane Stephen , Van Sebille Debbie 
Published: February 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to perform a clinical and risk audit of private hospital inpatients who had been readmitted within 28 days of a preceding admission. Method: Of 118 readmissions within 28 days in 2017 (7% of all admissions), 50 were randomly selected for audit. Characteristics, illness severity and clinical risk profiles were ascertained at discharge from the index admission and at readmission. Results: Cases were 64% female, age 49.9 ± 18.2 years (range 19–89), 40% in relationships and 24% on disability support. At readmission, 88% posed danger to self due to effects of illness, 46% had high suicide risk and 40% had high physical risk. Illness was rated as severe in 58%, while 40% were rated markedly ill. Relapse or exacerbation of major depression was a cause of readmission in 78%, relapse of alcohol/substance use requiring readmission in 22% and relapse of psychosis in 20%. Index admission length of stay of cases did not differ from that of all hospital admissions. Conclusion: Most readmitted patients were suffering severe exacerbation of depression, were acutely suicidal and were otherwise at high risk of harm. If these patients had been denied readmission on the basis of insurer funding disincentives, catastrophic outcomes may well have occurred.