bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of undulating wall heat and mass flux on MHD natural convection boundary layer flow from a vertical wall
Authors: Bala Nandita R. , Bala Shujit K. , Saha Litan K. , Hossain Md. Anwar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCurrent study expounds an unsteady magnetohydrodynamic natural convective flow along a vertical wall in presence of variable transverse magnetic field. Small amplitude undulation in wall heat flux and wall mass flux are imposed at the vertical wall to generate the boundary layer flow. The flow governing equations are divided into sets of steady and unsteady equations and then transformed into the similarity and nonsimilarity equations, respectively, by introducing stream function formulations. The sets of nonsimilarity equations are solved numerically by using three different techniques, namely, perturbation solution technique, asymptotic solution technique and implicit finite difference technique applied, respectively, for lower, higher, and all frequencies (ξ). Results are illustrated in connection with the amplitude and phase angles of shear stress, wall temperature, and concentration against the frequency (ξ) for wide ranges of physically significant parameters. Likening of the results obtained by above mentioned numerical methods are presented in every figure and table. Results reveal that the amplitude of undulating shear stress and wall temperature dwindle and the amplitude of wall concentration increases due to increment in Prandtl number (Pr). Besides, on incrementing Schmidt number (Sc) the amplitude of undulating shear stress and wall concentration dwindle and the amplitude of wall temperature increases. Results also reveal that on incrementing magnetic parameter (M) the amplitude of transient shear stress dwindles while the amplitude of transient wall temperature and concentration increase.
Cross flow on transient double‐diffusive natural convection in inclined porous trapezoidal enclosures
Authors: Reddy E. Suresh , Panda Satyananda , Nayak Manoj Kumar , Makinde Oluwole Daniel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the cross‐diffusion effects subject to exponential variable boundary conditions on transient double‐diffusive natural convection flow in an enclosure. The flow domain is a two‐dimensional inclined trapezoidal cavity filled with a porous medium. The top wall is assumed to be insulated and permeable, while the enclosure's bottom wall is subject to exponential varying temperature and concentration. The prescribed temperature and concentration are different at the vertical walls. Conservation equations are used as the governing equations. The finite element Galerkin weighted residual method, in association with the Newton‐Raphson scheme is employed to solve the system of coupled nondimensional equations. The numerical tests are confirmed with existing literature and are found to be in excellent agreement. The simulations results for stream functions, isotherms, and isoconcentrations are discussed for the various flow parameters. A sensitivity analysis using the response surface method suggests that the average Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are more sensitive to the cross‐diffusion effects. It is further observed that the cross‐diffusion terms stabilize the sensitivity to the angle of inclination.
Аtherosclerosis‐like changes in the rabbit aortic wall induced by immunization with native high‐density lipoproteins
Authors: Fomina Kseniya , Beduleva Liubov , Menshikov Igor , Zerjawi Abdulkadhim , Terentiev Alexey , Sidorov Alexandr , Khramova Tatyana , Abisheva Nadezhda , Gorbushina Anna 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionA high level of total cholesterol or low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is considered the main cause of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. For this reason, experimental atherosclerosis is induced by creating high blood cholesterol in animals. However, the hypothesis that atherosclerotic processes are mostly caused by immune (autoimmune) mechanisms has recently been gaining traction. At the same time, no experimental model has been developed that clearly demonstrates the autoimmune mechanism by which atherosclerosis develops and reproduces the full picture of atherosclerosis solely by means of an immune response, without resorting to additional interventions such as a high‐cholesterol diet or the use of genetic models of hyperlipidemia. Previously, we were able to induce atherosclerosis‐like lesions in the aorta and the development of pericardial fat in rats by immunizing them with human native lipoproteins. The purpose of this study was to test whether atherosclerosis can be induced in normocholesterolaemic rabbits by immunizing them with human native high‐density lipoproteins (hnHDL).MethodsRabbits were immunized with hnHDL. Aortic wall structure, plasma cholesterol level, and antibodies against HDL were studied.ResultsImmunization with hnHDL was found to cause atherosclerosis‐like lesions in the rabbit aorta such as adipocytic and chondrocytic metaplasia, proteoglycan deposits, leukocytic infiltration. Atherosclerosis‐like lesions developed in the aorta of hnHDL‐immunized rabbits against a background of normal blood LDL‐cholesterol level. Therefore, a high plasma cholesterol level is not the sole cause of atherosclerosis. The immune response against HDL is an independent cause of atherogenesis.ConclusionsA rabbit model of atherosclerosis caused by immunization with hnHDL can be widely used to examine the mechanisms occurring during atherogenesis.
Impact of the coronavirus pandemic crisis on the financial system in the eurozone
Authors: Ito Takayasu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe stress in the financial system in five eurozone countries (Germany, France, Italy, Portugal, and Spain) was not connected before the COVID‐19 pandemic crisis. Credit default swap premiums were priced independently, not incorporating the sovereign risk of the eurozone as a whole. However, during the period of pandemic crisis, the stress was connected in five countries. The financial market was cautious about the increased fiscal deficit caused by massive spending in the pandemic crisis, fearing that the deficit might cause increased risk in the financial system of the eurozone as a whole. The symptoms of financial crisis sprouted after the pandemic crisis started. We need to monitor whether countermeasures taken by European Central Bank (ECB) and European Union (EU) contribute to the stability of financial system in the eurozone.
A comprehensive analysis of membrane fouling in microfiltration of complex linear macromolecules based on theoretical modeling and FESEM images
Authors: Heidari Setareh , Etemadi Habib , Yegani Reza 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDMembrane technology is an attractive alternative to conventional water/wastewater treatment technologies as it is sustainable and can be used as an independent process as well as being a part of integrated systems with other treatment technologies. Notwithstanding the abundant benefits that membrane‐based systems offer, their commercial application is overshadowed by the ubiquitous fouling. However, accurate prediction and identification of membrane fouling mechanisms can help to open new doors in recognition of appropriate arrangements for developing more effective membrane synthesis methods and fundamental strategies to achieve better performance, especially in large‐scale production.RESULTSIn this study, three fouling models, namely resistance‐in‐series (RIS), Hermia's and combined cake filtration–pore blockage models, were applied to precisely analyze fouling behavior in dead‐end microfiltration (MF) of collagen solution, as model foulant, using pure high‐density polyethylene and modified high‐density polyethylene membranes. The RIS model was shown to be not representative of the real fouling mechanism in MF membrane units. Similarly, none of the classical models were able to accurately predict fouling in the entire MF process. However, the combined cake–intermediate blockage model provided excellent fits for the membranes.CONCLUSIONSObtained results also demonstrated that physical cleaning was not enough for organic fouling elimination in MF processes. Finally, computational results were validated with experimental observations of collagen rejection and field emission scanning electron microscopy analyses as well. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Identification of novel thiourea‐stilbene‐triazine conjugates as persuasive lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors
Authors: Batool Iram , Jabeen Farukh , Vellore Nadeem Ahmed , Shabir Ghulam , Saeed Aamer 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA library of novel thiourea‐based symmetrical stilbene‐triazines (5a‐i) was synthesized in an effort to develop new protein tyrosine phosphatase LYP inhibitors. The versatile nature of 2,4,6‐trichloro‐1,3,5‐triazine allows considerable scope for derivatization and hence exploration of structure activity relationships. A convenient and versatile three‐step synthetic approach involved the successive replacement of the two chloro groups of 2,4,6‐trichloro‐1,3,5‐triazine by a variety of substituents for structural modification. The newly synthesized derivatives were subjected to tyrosine phosphatase LYP inhibition studies. The results for the in vitro bioassays were promising with the identification of compound 5k and 5l having a 4‐methyl and 4‐methoxy substituent on phenyl ring, as the lead and selective candidate for LYP inhibition with an IC50 value of 2.1 ± 0.05 μM and 28 ± 3.3 μM, respectively. Moreover, docking studies were carried out to determine the possible interaction sites of thiourea‐based stilbene‐triazine compounds with Lymphoid Tyrosine Phosphatase. Results of docking computations further ascertained the inhibitory potential of compound 5k and 5l. The results indicated that the compound 5k may serve as a structural model for the design of most potent LYP inhibitors.
Chemo‐ and diastereoselective synthesis of new oxa[3.3.3]propellane via a domino cascade four‐component reaction based on diketene
Authors: Rezvanian Atieh , Salimi Mehri , Zadsirjan Vahideh , Mahmoodi Fahame , Heravi Majid M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA highly convergent, eco‐friendly and straightforward synthesis of new O‐fused heterocycles, functionalized indeno[1,2‐b]furan derivatives was successfully accomplished through a one‐pot four‐component cascade reaction involving, ninhydrin, malononitrile, diketene and various primary amines in the presence of a catalytic quantity of triethylamine in ethanol at ambient temperature, in one pot fashion. This new efficient cascade reaction generates two rings by the simultaneous construction of C‐N (one), C‐O (two) and C‐C (two) multiple bonds, presumably through a sequence of Knoevenagel reaction/Michael addition/intramolecular O‐cyclization and imine‐enamine/keto‐enol tautomerization. The merits of this protocol are highlighted as utilization of inexpensive commercially accessible starting materials, operational simplicity, atom economy, clean reaction profile, simple work‐up procedure being conducted at ambient temperature in relatively short reaction times, preventing chromatographic purification, giving excellent yields, and tolerance to a wide variety of functional groups.
Mass filter with phase modulation of radio frequency voltage
Authors: Wu Fangling , Wang Baichun , Yan Yinghua , Konenkov Nikolai V. , Ding Chuan‐Fan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this work, the parametric quadrupole resonance caused by the phase modulation of waveform potential is studied. Based on analytical and numerical description of the ion motion in the quadrupole mass filter with the phase modulation, a stability island is found with good ion optical properties such as high ion transmission efficiency (16%), high mass resolution (peak width measured at 10% of peak height, R0.1 = 6000), the required separation time (100–150 radio frequency [RF] cycles), and good peak shape of trapezoid form. Furthermore, the analysis of the frequency spectrum of the applied potential and the quadrupole mass filter (QMF) acceptance are also presented; a resonance frequency is found from this spectrum. Finally, a suitable stability X‐islands with relative modulation frequency,
, is established and studied in detail. Here, β is the imaginary part of the characteristic exponent of stable solutions to the Mathieu equation.
Epidemiology of COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of clinical characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes
Authors: Li Jie , Huang Daniel Q. , Zou Biyao , Yang Hongli , Hui Wan Zi , Rui Fajuan , Yee Natasha Tang Sook , Liu Chuanli , Nerurkar Sanjna Nilesh , Kai Justin Chua Ying , Teng Margaret Li Peng , Li Xiaohe , Zeng Hua , Borghi John A. , Henry Linda , Cheung Ramsey , Nguyen Mindie H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has become a pandemic, but its reported characteristics and outcomes vary greatly amongst studies. We determined pooled estimates for clinical characteristics and outcomes in COVID‐19 patients including subgroups by disease severity (based on World Health Organization Interim Guidance Report or Infectious Disease Society of America/American Thoracic Society criteria) and by country/region. We searched Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, Chinese Medical Journal, and preprint databases from 1 January 2020 to 6 April 2020. Studies of laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19 patients with relevant data were included. Two reviewers independently performed study selection and data extraction. From 6007 articles, 212 studies from 11 countries/regions involving 281 461 individuals were analyzed. Overall, mean age was 46.7 years, 51.8% were male, 22.9% had severe disease, and mortality was 5.6%. Underlying immunosuppression, diabetes, and malignancy were most strongly associated with severe COVID‐19 (coefficient =  53.9, 23.4, 23.4, respectively, all P < .0007), while older age, male gender, diabetes, and hypertension were also associated with higher mortality (coefficient = 0.05 per year, 5.1, 8.2, 6.99, respectively; P = .006‐.0002). Gastrointestinal (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain) and respiratory symptoms (shortness of breath, chest pain) were associated with severe COVID‐19, while pneumonia and end‐organ failure were associated with mortality. COVID‐19 is associated with a severe disease course in about 23% and mortality in about 6% of infected persons. Individuals with comorbidities and clinical features associated with severity should be monitored closely, and preventive efforts should especially target those with diabetes, malignancy, and immunosuppression.
Late onset infectious complications and safety of tocilizumab in the management of COVID‐19
Authors: Pettit Natasha N. , Nguyen Cynthia T. , Mutlu Gökhan M. , Wu David , Kimmig Lucas , Pitrak David , Pursell Kenneth 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundTocilizumab (TCZ) has been used in the management of COVID‐19‐related cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Concerns exist regarding the risk of infections and drug‐related toxicities. We sought to evaluate the incidence of these TCZ complications among COVID‐19 patients.MethodsAll adult inpatients with COVID‐19 between 1 March and 25 April 2020 that received TCZ were included. We compared the rate of late‐onset infections (>48 hours following admission) to a control group matched according to intensive care unit admission and mechanical ventilation requirement. Post‐TCZ toxicities evaluated included: elevated liver function tests (LFTs), GI perforation, diverticulitis, neutropenia, hypertension, allergic reactions, and infusion‐related reactions.ResultsSeventy‐four patients were included in each group. Seventeen infections in the TCZ group (23%) and 6 (8%) infections in the control group occurred >48 hours after admission (P = .013). Most infections were bacterial with pneumonia being the most common manifestation. Among patients receiving TCZ, LFT elevations were observed in 51%, neutropenia in 1.4%, and hypertension in 8%. The mortality rate among those that received TCZ was greater than the control (39% versus 23%, P = .03).ConclusionLate onset infections were significantly more common among those receiving TCZ. Combining infections and TCZ‐related toxicities, 61% of patients had a possible post‐TCZ complication. While awaiting clinical trial results to establish the efficacy of TCZ for COVID‐19 related CRS, the potential for infections and TCZ related toxicities should be carefully weighed when considering use.
The Comparison of Segmental Multifrequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis and Dual‐Energy X‐ray Absorptiometry for Estimating Fat Free Mass and Percentage Body Fat in an Ambulatory Population
Authors: Hurt Ryan T. , Ebbert Jon O. , Croghan Ivana , Nanda Sanjeev , Schroeder Darrell R. , Teigen Levi M. , Velapati Saketh R. , Mundi Manpreet S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite malnutrition being associated with increased mortality and morbidity, there continues to be great difficulty in defining criteria and implementing widespread screening. Tools used to diagnose decreased fat‐free mass (FFM [sarcopenia]) should be easy to use, relatively inexpensive, and safe. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) has the potential to meet these criteria, but reliability across body mass index (BMI) classes is a concern.MethodsA total of 176 healthy ambulatory participants (aged 18–65 years) were recruited equally (n = 44) in 4 BMI categories: (1) 18.5–24.9, (2) 25.0–29.9, (3) 30–34.9, and (4) ≥35.0. Participants were fasting overnight and had S‐MFBIA (InBody 770) measurements the next morning, with DXA being performed subsequently within 30 minutes.ResultsThe measurement (mean ± SD) for FFM with DXA was 52.8 ± 11.0, and BIA was 53.6 ± 11.0. Delta (S‐MFBIA vs DXA) was 0.8 ± 2.2 (5% limits of agreement −3.5 to +5.2), and concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) was 0.98 (95% CI, 0.97–0.98). The measurements (mean ± SD) for PBF with DXA was 37.5 ± 10.6% and S‐MFBIA was 36.6 ± 11.3%. Delta (S‐MFBIA vs DXA) was −0.9 ± 2.6 (5% limits of agreement 6.0 to +4.2), and CCC was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.96–0.98). The CCC according to the 4 BMI groups for FFM and PBF was between 0.96–0.98 and 0.90–0.94, respectively.ConclusionsFFM and PBF measured by S‐MFBIA had good agreement with DXA across all BMI categories measured in the current study of ambulatory participants.
A generalized‐weights solution to sample overlap in meta‐analysis
Authors: Bom Pedro R. D. , Rachinger Heiko 
Published: August 2020

Meta‐studies are often conducted on empirical findings obtained from overlapping samples. Sample overlap is common in research fields that strongly rely on aggregated observational data (eg, economics and finance), where the same set of data may be used in several studies. More generally, sample overlap tends to occur whenever multiple estimates are sampled from the same study. We show analytically how failing to account for sample overlap causes high rates of false positives, especially for large meta‐sample sizes. We propose a generalized‐weights (GW) meta‐estimator, which solves the sample overlap problem by explicitly modeling the variance‐covariance matrix that describes the structure of dependence among estimates. We show how this matrix can be constructed from information that is usually available from basic sample descriptions in the primary studies (ie, sample sizes and number of overlapping observations). The GW meta‐estimator amounts to weighting each empirical outcome according to its share of independent sampling information. We use Monte Carlo simulations to (a) demonstrate how the GW meta‐estimator brings the rate of false positives to its nominal level, and (b) quantify the efficiency gains of the GW meta‐estimator relative to standard meta‐estimators. The GW meta‐estimator is fairly straightforward to implement and can solve any case of sample overlap, within or between studies.Highlights
Meta‐analyses are often conducted on empirical outcomes based on samples containing common observations.
Sample overlap induces a correlation structure among empirical outcomes that harms the statistical properties of meta‐analysis methods.
We derive the analytic conditions under which sample overlap causes conventional meta‐estimators to exhibit high rates of false positives.
We propose a generalized‐weights (GW) solution to sample overlap, which involves approximating the variance‐covariance matrix that describes the correlation structure between outcomes; we show how to construct this matrix from information typically reported in the primary studies.
We conduct Monte Carlo simulations to quantify the efficiency gains of the proposed GW estimator and show how it brings the rate of false positives near its nominal level.
Although we focus on meta‐analyses of regression coefficients, our approach can, in principle, be modified and extended to effect sizes more commonly used in other research fields, such as Cohen's d or odds ratios.
Winter Survival of Female Ring‐Necked Ducks in the Southern Atlantic Flyway
Authors: Mezebish Tori D. , Olsen Glenn H. , Goodman Michele , Rohwer Frank C. , McConnell Mark D. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTNorth American waterfowl harvest regulations are largely guided by the status of breeding populations. Nonetheless, understanding the demographics of wintering waterfowl populations can elucidate the effects of hunting pressure on population dynamics. The ring‐necked duck (Aythya collaris) breeds and winters in all North American administrative flyways and is one of the most abundant and most harvested diving ducks in the Atlantic Flyway. But few studies have investigated the winter ecology of ring‐necked ducks. We used a known‐fate analysis to estimate period survival probability using data from 87 female ring‐necked ducks marked with satellite transmitters in 2 regions of the southern Atlantic Flyway during winters of 2017–2018 and 2018–2019. Winter (128‐day) survival probability was higher for individuals in the Red Hills region of southern Georgia and northern Florida (0.875, 95% CI = 0.691–0.952) than individuals in central South Carolina (0.288, 95% CI = 0.082–0.514). We attribute the regional disparity in winter survival probabilities to differences in hunting pressure, which are reflected in the number of harvests we observed in each region. Our findings warrant further investigation into regional variation in winter survival of southern Atlantic Flyway ring‐necked ducks, and, specifically, the relationship between variable harvest pressure and winter survival and its influence on ring‐necked duck population dynamics and adaptive harvest management decisions. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.