bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Needs of homeless children in the Czech Republic
Authors: Glumbíková Kateřina , Mikulec Marek 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe needs of homeless children living in shelters and hostels in the Czech Republic have been not sufficiently explored yet. The paper therefore aims to analyse and describe the needs of homeless children living in shelters and hostels in the Czech Republic, thus creating a basis for social work with homeless children and their families. As part of a qualitative research strategy carried out through interviews with parents, children and their social workers, five categories of homeless children's needs (based on Matějček's theory) were identified and described in detail based on a data analysis using Charmaz's Grounded Theory; these categories were the need for stimulation, the need for a meaningful world, the need for love and emotional safety, the need for identity and finding one's own place in society and the need for a life perspective and open future. Based on the identified needs, implications for social work with families were identified, strengthening a sensitive approach of helping professions to the needs of homeless children.
Surgical outcomes following colorectal cancer resections in patients aged 80 years and over: results from the Australia and New Zealand Binational Colorectal Cancer Audit
Authors: Cross Andrea J. , Kornfält Pauline , Lidin Jacqueline , Buchwald Pamela , Frizelle Frank A. , Eglinton Timothy W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimThe primary aim was to compare the 30‐day morbidity and mortality in patients aged ≥80 years undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer with those aged <80 years. The secondary aim was to identify independent outcome predictors.MethodThis was a retrospective study of patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer between January 2007 and February 2018. Patients were divided into those <80 years and those ≥80 years at the time of surgery. Data had been collected prospectively by the Australasian Binational Colorectal Cancer Audit and included patient demographics, site and stage of tumour, comorbidity, operative details, American Society of Anesthesiologists score (ASA), pathological staging, 30‐day mortality and morbidity (medical and surgical). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify predictors of 30‐day morbidity and mortality.ResultsDuring the study period, 4600 out of 20 463 (22.5%) patients were ≥80 years. They had a greater 30‐day mortality after both colonic (97/2975 [3.3%] vs. 66/7010 [0.9%], P < 0.001) and rectal resections (50/1625 [3.1%] vs. 36/9006 [0.4%], P < 0.001) compared with younger patients. They also had an increased length of stay (colon cancer, 9 vs. 7 days; rectal cancer, 10 vs. 8 days; P < 0.001) and medical complications (colon cancer, 23.5% vs. 12.7%; rectal cancer, 25.2% vs. 11.2%; P < 0.001). Surgical complications were equivalent.Age ≥80 years was not an independent predictor of 30‐day morbidity or mortality. Patients ≥80 years who were ASA 2/3 and had rectal cancer seemed to fare worse in terms of 30‐day mortality (ASA 2, 22%, 95% CI 9%–36%, P < 0.001; ASA 3, 11%, 95% CI 4%–19%, P< 0.001).ConclusionsPostoperative morbidity and mortality are significantly greater in patients ≥80 years undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. Any recommendation for surgery in this age group should take into account patient comorbidity and not be based on age alone.
Emerging role of AMPA receptor subunit GluA1 in synaptic plasticity: Implications for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Qu Wenrui , Yuan Baoming , Liu Jun , Liu Qianqian , Zhang Xi , Cui Ranji , Yang Wei , Li Bingjin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIt is well established that GluA1 mediated synaptic plasticity plays a central role in the early development of AD. The complex cellular and molecular mechanisms that enable GluA1‐related synaptic regulation remain to fully understood. Particularly, understanding the mechanisms that disrupt GluA1 related synaptic plasticity is central to the development of disease‐modifying therapies which are sorely needed as the incidence of AD rises. We surmise that the published evidence establishes deficits in synaptic plasticity as a central factor of AD aetiology. We additionally highlight potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of AD, and we delve into the roles of GluA1 in learning and memory. Particularly, we review the current understanding of the molecular interactions that confer the actions of this ubiquitous excitatory receptor subunit including post‐translational modification and accessory protein recruitment of the GluA1 subunit. These are proposed to regulate receptor trafficking, recycling, channel conductance and synaptic transmission and plasticity.
MAP2K1‐driven mixed Langerhans cell histiocytosis, Rosai‐Dorfman‐Destombes disease and Erdheim‐Chester disease, clonally related to acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Bonometti Arturo , Ferrario Giuseppina , Parafioriti Antonina , Giardino Demostene , Simonetti Federico , Ginori Alessandro , Passoni Emanuela , Berti Emilio ,   for AIRI, Associazione Italiana Ricerca Istiocitosi ONLUS
Published: November 2020

AbstractMixed histiocytoses are a rare and recently recognized subset of histiocytic disorders that may involve the skin, characterized by the synchronous or metachronous development of lesions with Langerhans and/or non‐Langerhans cell histiocytosis histopathological features. Around 10% of patients diagnosed with histiocytosis may develop a hematological malignancy, often with dramatic prognostic consequences. We hereby describe the exceptional case of a patient developing a MAP2K1‐driven mixed histiocytosis with Langerhans cell histiocytosis, Rosai‐Dorfman‐Destombes disease, and Erdheim‐Chester disease features and cutaneous involvement, progressing to a fatal and clonally‐related acute myeloid leukemia. We reviewed the literature on similar cases and discussed the histopathological difficulties in their diagnosis and their clinical‐pathological features.
The socio‐environmental context of simultaneous alcohol and marijuana use among young adults: Examining day‐level associations
Authors: Linden‐Carmichael Ashley N. , Allen Hannah K. , Lanza Stephanie T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsSimultaneous alcohol and marijuana (SAM) use is reported by roughly 30% of young adult drinkers. Among SAM users, SAM use days have more negative substance‐related consequences than single‐substance days. Little information is available about contextual factors contributing to the likelihood of SAM use on a particular day. This study compared days on which individuals reported SAM use relative to days on which they reported alcohol but not marijuana use in terms of physical location, engagement in risky activities and social context of use.Design and MethodsParticipants were 148 young adults (57% female) reporting past‐month SAM use and past two‐week binge drinking. Participants completed up to 14 daily surveys assessing substance use behaviour and socio‐environmental characteristics of use.ResultsFor those <21 years, only using at home was associated with greater odds of SAM use. For those 21+, using at a friend's house and outdoors were associated with increased odds of use; using at a bar/club was associated with lower odds. Using alone was associated with lower odds of use for those 21+. Engagement in risky activities (pre‐gaming and drinking games) was not associated with SAM use.Discussion and ConclusionsSAM days are linked with use in private settings and social situations. Despite experiencing more harms on SAM days, SAM use is not more likely than alcohol use alone to occur in certain environments and situations traditionally found to be linked with increased risk. Findings may provide key insight for developing context‐informed interventions focused on SAM use.
High stream flows dilute environmental DNA (eDNA) concentrations and reduce detectability
Authors: Curtis Amanda N. , Tiemann Jeremy S. , Douglass Sarah A. , Davis Mark A. , Larson Eric R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) is a rapidly emerging methodology with important applications to environmental management and conservation. However, the effects of stream flow or discharge on eDNA have been minimally investigated in lotic (stream and river) environments. In this study, we examined the role of stream flow on eDNA concentrations and detectability of an invasive clam (Corbicula fluminea), while also accounting for other abiotic and biotic variables.LocationIllinois, United States of America.MethodsWe used a longitudinal study over a year in two streams, as well as a seasonal study (summer, autumn) in eight streams, to investigate the effects of variable stream flow on eDNA concentrations and detectability. We used linear mixed‐effects models to assess the influence of various factors on eDNA concentration and occupancy models to make predictions on how seasonality can influence eDNA detection.ResultsWe found higher stream flows decreased eDNA concentrations, and floods produced false negatives or non‐detections at locations where C. fluminea was relatively common. In addition, we found concentrations and detectability of C. fluminea eDNA to be higher in summer than in autumn.Main conclusionsWe found that stream flow dilutes eDNA concentrations, which may have serious implications for the detection of low abundance organisms. Managers and practitioners applying eDNA for rare species should seek to sample at low or base stream flows when feasible, and future studies should investigate whether our findings here are consistent for other taxa and lotic ecosystems.
Perception of health and educational risks amongst dental students and educators in the era of COVID‐19
Authors: Jum’ah Ahmad A. , Elsalem Lina , Loch Carolina , Schwass Donald , Brunton Paul A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the perceived educational and health risks associated with the COVID‐19 pandemic amongst dental students and educators.MethodsA 17‐item electronic survey was sent to 496 undergraduate dental students and 53 clinical faculty members who attended clinical sessions during the outbreak period. The survey explored various aspects related to primary sources and prevention of disease exposure, dental management of suspected cases, impact of COVID‐19 on students’ clinical performance and effects of suspension of educational activities on academic performance and clinical competence.ResultsThe response rate of the students’ was 60.7% (n = 301). The majority of students reported that performing clinical work during the outbreak posed significant health concerns, resulted in a significant stress and negatively affected their clinical performance. The majority of students believed that aerosols generated during dental procedures are the major source for disease exposure and universal protective equipment is not effective for prevention. The decision to suspend teaching activities was supported by 89% of the students. Opinions were divided regarding the impact of the suspension on the academic performance and clinical competence. Educational videos were the most preferred form of distance education. The response rate of faculty members was 60.4% (n = 32). Responses of faculty members were similar to students, though fewer concerns were reported regarding the risk of disease transmission. All respondents agreed that extra‐precautionary measures are required to ensure optimum protection against disease exposure.ConclusionsThe recent COVID‐19 outbreak has adversely affected various elements of dental education. High levels of major health risk perception were noted amongst students and educators. The interruption to academic and clinical activities may lead to an inevitable skill deficit within the new generation of dental graduates. Educators are under significant pressure to accommodate abrupt changes in teaching methods, find solutions to mitigate skill deficit and ensure safe clinical practice once clinical activities are resumed.
Development of a novel outcome prediction score (PEDSS) for pediatric convulsive status epilepticus: A longitudinal observational study
Authors: Tiwari Richa , Chakrabarty Biswaroop , Gulati Sheffali , Jauhari Prashant , Lodha Rakesh , Sankar Jhuma , Kumar Atin , Pandey Ravindra Mohan , Upadhyay Ashish , Gupta Juhi , Sinha Rahul 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to evaluate ENDIT score and develop a novel outcome prediction score for outcome of pediatric convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) at the hospital and 3 months postdischarge.MethodsChildren and adolescents aged 1 month to 14 years, presenting with CSE to a tertiary care teaching center in North India from January 2017 to March 2019, were screened for enrollment. In‐hospital and 3‐month postdischarge outcome were defined as poor if Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category Scale (PCPCS) score dropped by ≥2 levels.ResultsOverall, 61 patients were enrolled for final analysis after applying exclusion and inclusion criteria. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for ENDIT score in predicting mortality and differentiating good from poor outcome at the hospital and at 3 months postdischarge was 0.74 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.58‐0.89), 0.7 (95% CI = 0.57‐0.83), and 0.72 (95% CI = 0.6‐0.82), respectively. Based on predictors in the present cohort that were significantly different between good and poor outcome cases at the hospital and 3 months postdischarge, a new six‐point score named PEDSS (pre–status epilepticus PCPCS, background electroencephalographic abnormalities, drug refractoriness, semiology, and critical sickness) was developed. The area under ROC curves for PEDSS score in predicting mortality and differentiating good from poor outcome at the hospital and at 3 months postdischarge were 0.93 (95% CI = 0.87‐0.99), 0.8 (95% CI = 0.7‐0.9), and 0.89 (95% CI = 0.8‐0.96), respectively. The best cutoff PEDSS scores for predicting mortality and poor outcome at the hospital and at 3 months postdischarge were ≥4, ≥3, and ≥3, respectively.SignificanceThe PEDSS score has high predictive accuracy for mortality and differentiating good from poor outcome at the hospital and 3 months postdischarge in pediatric CSE. Future studies should be planned to validate it in various geographical and health care settings and in adults.
Risk for infantile spasms after acute symptomatic neonatal seizures
Authors: Glass Hannah C. , Grinspan Zachary M. , Li Yi , McNamara Nancy A. , Chang Taeun , Chu Catherine J. , Massey Shavonne L. , Abend Nicholas S. , Lemmon Monica E. , Thomas Cameron , McCulloch Charles E. , Shellhaas Renée A. ,   the Neonatal Seizure Registry Study Group
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveInfantile spasms (IS) is a severe epilepsy in early childhood. Early treatment of IS provides the best chance of seizure remission and favorable developmental outcome. We aimed to develop a prediction rule to accurately predict which neonates with acute symptomatic seizures will develop IS.MethodsWe used data from the Neonatal Seizure Registry, a prospective, multicenter cohort of infants with acute symptomatic neonatal seizures born from July 2015 to March 2018. Neonates with acute symptomatic seizures who received clinical electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and were younger than 2 years of age at the time of enrollment were included. We evaluated the association of neonatal EEG, MRI, and clinical factors with subsequent IS using bivariate analysis and best subsets logistic regression. We selected a final model through a consensus process that balanced statistical significance with clinical relevance.ResultsIS developed in 12 of 204 infants (6%). Multiple potential predictors were associated with IS, including Apgar scores, EEG features, seizure characteristics, MRI abnormalities, and clinical status at hospital discharge. The final model included three risk factors: (a) severely abnormal EEG or ≥3 days with seizures recorded on EEG, (b) deep gray or brainstem injury on MRI, and (c) abnormal tone on discharge exam. The stratified risk of IS was the following: no factors 0% (0/82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0%‐4%), one or two factors 4% (4/108, 95% CI 1%‐9%), and all three factors 57% (8/14, 95% CI 29%‐83%).SignificanceIS risk after acute symptomatic neonatal seizures can be stratified using commonly available clinical data. No child without risk factors, vs >50% of those with all three factors, developed IS. This risk prediction rule may be valuable for clinical counseling as well as for selecting participants for clinical trials to prevent post‐neonatal epilepsy. This tailored approach may lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment and improve outcomes for a devastating early life epilepsy.
Incidence rates of severe cutaneous adverse reactions due to antiseizure medication: A nationwide study using health claims data in Korea
Authors: Chung Soo Jie , Ahn Kyung‐Min , Oh Ji Hyun , Shim Ji‐Su , Park Heung‐Woo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveAntiseizure medications (ASMs) can rarely result in severe, sometimes fatal, cutaneous adverse reactions. To date, few studies have reported on the incidence rates (IRs) of severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) due to ASM use. This study aimed to determine the IRs of SCAR resulting from the use of seven commonly prescribed ASMs, carbamazepine (CBZ), phenytoin (PHT), oxcarbazepine (OXC), lamotrigine (LMT), zonisamide (ZNS), levetiracetam (LVT), and topiramate (TPM), and to compare the associated risks among the drugs.MethodsUsing a nationwide health claims database, we selected all the patients prescribed with one of the target ASMs. We defined a SCAR case as the first hospitalization with one of three specific codes provided by the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (L511, L512, and L27). We then calculated the IR of SCARs according to each target ASM.ResultsThe IR of SCARs for each ASM was as follows: 870/1 000 000 person‐years (PYs) for CBZ, 5750/1 000 000 PYs for PHT, 1490/1 000 000 PYs for OXC, 3860/1 000 000 PYs for LMT, 1540/1 000 000 PYs for ZNS, 830/1 000 000 PYs for LVT, and 400/1 000 000 PYs for TPM. Concomitant use of antibiotics and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs significantly increased the risk of SCARs with OXC, LVT, or TPM use. Comorbid skin disease was associated with a significantly higher IR of SCARs from CBZ, PHT, OXC, LMT, or LVT use.SignificanceThis is the first study in Asia to determine the IRs of SCARs for various ASMs and compare the rates across drugs using a large dataset. The results from this study should help clinicians select safer ASMs in practice.
Electrochemical evidence for in situ microbial activity at the Deep Mine Microbial Observatory (DeMMO), South Dakota, USA
Authors: Rowe Annette R. , Abuyen Karla , Lam Bonita R. , Kruger Brittany , Casar Caitlin P. , Osburn Magdalena R. , El‐Naggar Mohamed Y. , Amend Jan P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe subsurface is Earth's largest reservoir of biomass. Micro‐organisms are the dominant lifeforms in this habitat, but the nature of their in situ activities remains largely unresolved. At the Deep Mine Microbial Observatory (DeMMO) located in the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota (USA), we performed in situ electrochemical incubations designed to assess the potential for deep groundwater microbial communities to utilize extracellular electron transfer to support microbial respiration. DeMMO 4 was chosen for its stable geochemistry and microbial community. Graphite and indium tin oxide electrodes poised at −200 mV versus SHE were incubated along with open circuit controls and various minerals in a parallel flow reactor that split access to fluids across different treatments. From the patterns of net current over time (fluctuating between anodic and cathodic currents over the course of a few days to weeks) and the catalytic features measured using periodic cyclic voltammetry, evidence of both oxidative and reductive microbe‐electrode interactions was observed. The predominant catalytic activity ranged from −210 to −120 mV. The observed temporal variability in electrochemical activity was unexpected given the documented stability in major geochemical parameters. This suggests that the accessed fluids are more heterogeneous in electrochemically active microbial populations than previously predicted from the stable community composition. As previously reported, the fracture fluid and surface‐attached microbial communities at SURF differed significantly. However, only minimal differences in community composition were observed between poised potential electrodes, open circuit electrodes, and mineral incubations. These data support that in this environment the ability to attach to surfaces is a stronger driver of microbial community structure than the type or reactivity of the surface. We demonstrate that insight into specific activities can be gained from electrochemical methods, specifically chronoamperometry coupled with routine cyclic voltammetry, which provide a sensitive approach to evaluate microbial activities in situ.
Improvement in mechanical properties of enamel via carbon nanotube addition
Authors: Wang Yue , Xu Kunshan , Zhang Lei , Chen Zeheng , Liang Shuangshuang , Li Zhiheng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEnameled metal equipment exploits the strength of metal materials and the corrosion resistance of enamel; therefore, it is widely used in the chemical industry. However, the mechanical properties of the enamel restrict its service life. Multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are one‐dimensional nanomaterials with high‐specific surface area, C–C bond structure, and SP2 hybrid orbital. Herein, the effect of the dosage of MWCNTs on the mechanical properties of enamel is studied by adding MWCNTs to improve the mechanical properties of the enamel. Microscopic observation showed that the toughening mechanism of MWCNTs was mainly manifested in fracture and pull out behaviors. According to three‐point bending test, when 0.4 wt% carbon nanotubes were added, the reinforcing effect of enamel layer reached the best state. These results provide reference for optimizing the formulation of enamel and extending the service life of enamel.
Chemosensory proteins participate in insecticide susceptibility in Rhopalosiphum padi, a serious pest on wheat crops
Authors: Peng X. , Qu M. J. , Wang S. J. , Huang Y. X. , Chen C. , Chen M. H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRhopalosiphum padi is a worldwide agricultural pest. Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are considered to be a type of transporters which can bind chemicals from external environments. Previous research showed that the expression of some insect CSPs were significantly increased after exposure to insecticides, and CSPs were involved in insecticide resistance or susceptibility. However, the role of CSPs in the susceptibility and response of R. padi to insecticides is still unknown. In this study, we identified eight CSP (RpCSP) from R. padi by genome‐wide investigation. Seven RpCSP genes had two exons, while RpCSP7 had three exons. qPCR analyses showed that the mRNA levels of the eight RpCSP genes were significantly affected by imidacloprid and beta‐cypermethrin in different post‐treatment periods. Molecular docking predicted that there were hydrogen bonding sites which played key roles in binding of RpCSP4, RpCSP5, RpCSP6, RpCSP7 and RpCSP10 with imidacloprid and beta‐cypermethrin. Knockdown of RpCSP4, RpCSP5, RpCSP6 and RpCSP10 by RNA interference significantly increased the aphid mortality under two sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid. Mortalities under two sublethal concentrations of beta‐cypermethrin conditions were significantly higher after injection of R. padi with dsCSP4 and dsCSP6. The results indicate that some RpCSP genes are involved in the insecticide susceptibility of R. padi.