bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Congenital anomalies in children with pre‐ or perinatally acquired cerebral palsy: an international data linkage study
Authors: Goldsmith Shona , Mcintyre Sarah , Andersen Guro L , Gibson Catherine , Himmelmann Kate , Blair Eve , Badawi Nadia , Smithers‐Sheedy Hayley , Garne Ester ,   the Comprehensive CA‐CP Study Group*
Published: June 2020

AimTo describe the frequency and types of major congenital anomalies present in children with pre‐ or perinatally acquired cerebral palsy (CP), and compare clinical outcomes for children with and without anomalies.MethodThis multi‐centre total population collaborative study between Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe, Australian Cerebral Palsy Register, and European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies (EUROCAT) involved six European and three Australian regions. Data were linked between each region’s CP and congenital anomaly register for children born between 1991 and 2009, and then pooled. Children were classified into mutually exclusive categories based on type of anomaly. Proportions of children with congenital anomalies were calculated, and clinical outcomes compared between children with and without anomalies.ResultsOf 8201 children with CP, 22.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 21.9, 23.8) had a major congenital anomaly. Isolated cerebral anomalies were most common (45.2%), with a further 8.6% having both cerebral and non‐cerebral anomalies. Cardiac anomalies only were described in 10.5% of children and anomalies associated with syndromes were also reported: genetic (8.0%), chromosomal (5.7%), and teratogenic (3.0%). Clinical outcomes were more severe for children with CP and congenital anomalies, particularly cerebral anomalies.InterpretationThis large, international study reports major congenital anomalies in nearly one‐quarter of children with pre‐ or perinatally acquired CP. Future research must focus on aetiological pathways to CP that include specific patterns of congenital anomalies.What this paper adds

Congenital anomalies were reported in 23% of children with pre‐ or perinatally acquired cerebral palsy.

A higher proportion of children born at or near term had anomalies.

The most common type of anomalies were isolated cerebral anomalies.

Clinical outcomes were more severe for children with congenital anomalies (particularly cerebral).
Embryogenesis plasticity and the transmission of maternal effects in Daphnia pulex
Authors: Hasoon Megan S. R. , Plaistow Stewart J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUnderstanding how genetic, nongenetic, and environmental cues are integrated during development may be critical in understanding if, and how, organisms will respond to rapid environmental change. Normally, only post‐embryonic studies are possible. But in this study, we developed a real‐time, high‐throughput confocal microscope assay that allowed us to link Daphnia embryogenesis to offspring life history variation at the individual level. Our assay identified eight clear developmental phenotypes linked by seven developmental stages, the duration of which were correlated with the expression of specific offspring life history traits. Daphnia embryogenesis varied not only between clones reared in the same environment, but also within a single clone when mothers were of different ages or reared in different food environments. Our results support the hypothesis that Daphnia embryogenesis is plastic and can be altered by changes in maternal state or maternal environment. As well as furthering our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning parental effects, our assay may also have an industrial application if it can be used as a rapid ecotoxicological prescreen for testing the effect that pollutant doses have on offspring life histories traditionally assayed with a 21‐day Daphnia reproduction test.
The upper thermal tolerance for a Texas population of the hairy maggot blow fly Chrysomya rufifacies Macquart (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
Authors: Rusch Travis W. , Faris Ashleigh M. , Beebe Lauren E. J. , Tomberlin Jeffery K. , Tarone Aaron M. 
Published: June 2020

The hairy maggot blow fly (Chrysomya rufifacies: Macquart) is an invasive necrophagous fly found throughout the continental United States. Chrysomya rufifacies is of medical/veterinary, forensic, and ecological importance due to its ability to cause myiasis, colonise human remains, and displace native Diptera. However, little is known about their upper thermal tolerance, which could be used to better predict their invasion potential.
We investigated the upper thermal tolerance of C. rufifacies exposed to different temperatures (20–45 °C), times (1–6 h), and nutrients (no food or water, water only, or a food‐water mixture) for both sexes and two age ranges (young = 6–8 days post pupal emergence; old = 9–11 days post pupal emergence).
As temperature or duration increased, the probability of knockdown increased (0–100% at 20 and 45 °C and from 41 to 75% at 1 and 6 h), while the probability of survival decreased (99–2% at 20 and 45 °C and from 75 to 28% at 1 and 6 h). The availability of nutrients increased thermal tolerance at moderate temperatures (40 and 42 °C). Female flies were more thermally tolerant than males (probability of knockdown = 49% vs 58%; probability of survival = 58% vs 46%). Thermal tolerance did not differ by age.
These data reveal details about the upper thermal tolerance for a single population of C. rufifacies, and suggest that environmental and organismal factors ought to be considered in order to make meaningful predictions about the invasion potential of C. rufifacies in North America.
Increasing connectivity of Great Lakes tributaries: Interspecific and intraspecific effects on resident brook trout and brown trout populations
Authors: Zorn Troy G. , Hessenauer Jan‐Michael , Wills Todd C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUnderstanding resident fish population responses to restored connectivity would enhance decision‐making on dam removal and fish passage. Since such evaluations are limited in the Great Lakes region of North America, we compared abundance, survival, and growth of resident brook trout and brown trout between sets of Michigan streams where populations were or were not interacting with salmonid species that might be present if connectivity existed. We analysed data from 34 electrofishing index sites to compare resident trout populations between streams without versus with Great Lakes access (and migratory Pacific salmonids), and brook trout populations in Great Lakes inaccessible (land‐locked) streams where brown trout were present versus absent. Great Lakes accessibility effects on fish density became increasingly positive for older age groups of brown trout while generally negative for all age classes of brook trout. Brown trout had consistently negative effects on brook trout density in land‐locked streams. Increased connectivity had significant effects on annual survival for only one of seven trout age classes modelled, while intraspecific density‐dependent effects on survival were significant in six models. Significant intraspecific effects on resident trout growth occurred for seven of eleven age classes examined. Negative interspecific effects of Great Lakes access on resident trout growth were most noticeable for age‐0 and age‐1 resident trout, age classes that likely compete with juvenile Pacific salmonids. Our findings provide a more robust understanding of how Great Lakes connectivity affects resident trout populations, highlighting negative influences of brown trout on brook trout and intraspecific density‐dependent effects.
Romantic relationship group intervention for men with early psychosis: A feasibility, acceptability and potential impact pilot study
Authors: Hache‐Labelle Catherine , Abdel‐Baki Amal , Lepage Martin , Laurin Anne‐Sophie , Guillou Amili , Francoeur Audrey , Bergeron Sophie , Lecomte Tania 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimTo assess the feasibility, acceptability and potential impact of a cognitive behavioural group intervention occurring over 12 sessions and focusing on romantic relationships for single men with early psychosis.MethodsRecruitment, drop‐out and participation rates were collected. An A‐B‐A within‐subject design (n = 7), where each participant acted as his own control, was used to determine potential impact (on social functioning, romantic relationship functioning, self‐esteem, theory of mind [ToM] and self‐stigma) across time (six time points).ResultsFeasibility and acceptability were established. As for the potential impact of the intervention, participants did not all evolve the same way. Improvements were found on social functioning (“behaviours” subscale), romantic relationship functioning and ToM (“mentalizing” subscale).ConclusionsMore studies are warranted to expand on these results and to further help men with early psychosis in their social and romantic development.
Functional analysis of CX3CR1 in human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell‐derived microglia‐like cells
Authors: Murai Nobuhito , Mitalipova Maisam , Jaenisch Rudolf 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMicroglia are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system and crucial to proper development and maintenance of the brain. Microglia have been recognized to be associated with neurodegenerative diseases and neuroinflammatory disorders. CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1), which is specifically expressed in microglia, regulates microglia homeostatic functions such as microglial activation and is downregulated in aged brain and disease‐associated microglia in rodents, yet its role in human microglia is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the function of CX3CR1 in human microglia using human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell‐derived microglia‐like cells. Human iPS cell‐derived microglia‐like cells expressed microglial markers and showed an activated state and phagocytic activity. Using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, we deleted CX3CR1 in human iPS cells and found increased inflammatory responses and phagocytic activity in mutant as compared to wild‐type microglia‐like cells. In addition, the CX3C chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1, a ligand for CX3CR1) significantly decreased the upregulation of IL‐6 by lipopolysaccharide stimulation in human iPS cell‐derived microglia‐like cells. These results suggest that CX3CR1 in human microglia may contribute to microglial homeostasis by regulating inflammatory response and phagocytosis.
Responsibility and appropriate blame: The no difference view
Authors: Menges Leonhard 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHow do the fact that an agent is morally responsible for a certain morally objectionable action and the fact that she is an appropriate target of blame for it relate to each other? Many authors inspired by Peter Strawson say that they necessarily co‐occur. Standard answers to the question of why they co‐occur say that the occurrence of one of the facts explains that the other obtains. This article presents a third option: that they are one and the same fact. There is no difference between the fact that a person is an appropriate target of blame for an objectionable action and the fact that she is morally responsible for it. This view has the advantage of being metaphysically more parsimonious and of answering, in an elegant and plausible way, an interesting question about which many standard theories of responsibility keep silent: what is it to be morally responsiblesimpliciter?
Nitrification inhibitor 3,4‐dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) reduces N2O emissions by altering the soil microbial community in a wheat–maize rotation on the North China Plain
Authors: Liu Churong , Liu Hongrun , Liu Xueqing , Zhang Yushi , Wang Ligang , Guan Dahai , Al‐Kaisi Mahdi M. , Li Zhaohu , Zhang Mingcai 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas that is released from agricultural ecosystems where nitrogen fertilizers are poorly used and contributes to global climate warming. Large nitrogen fertilizer inputs in summer maize fields on the North China Plain (NCP) lead to large N2O emissions. N2O emissions can be mitigated using 3,4‐dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), but the efficiency and microbial mechanisms of this mitigation at different nitrogen rates remain poorly understood. To evaluate the efficiency of N2O emission mitigation by DMPP at different nitrogen rates and to explore its mechanisms at the microbial level, we monitored the dynamic changes in mineral and N2O fluxes and analysed the abundance and community structure of ammonia oxidizers. We found that DMPP significantly inhibited the oxidation of ammonium (NH4+) to nitrate (NO3−) and thus maintained NH4+ concentrations but decreased the peak value of NO3− concentrations. Total N2O emissions were increased by 6.5‐fold, 13.2‐fold and 26.7‐fold in fields with 112.5 kg N ha−1, 225 kg N ha−1 and 337.5 kg N ha−1, respectively, compared with fields with no nitrogen applied. Nitrogen increased the abundance of ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and decreased that of ammonia‐oxidizing archaea (AOA), whereas DMPP exhibited the opposite effects. Therefore, AOB could be the dominant N2O emission contributors in nitrogen‐treated soils. Sequencing results suggested that all AOB belong to the Nitrosospira and Nitrosomonas nitrosa groups, and all AOA fell within the Nitrososphaera group. In both AOB and AOA communities, changes in the second‐largest cluster after the application of nitrogen fertilizer and DMPP were more pronounced than those in the largest cluster. The potential functional clusters of AOB and AOA were Nitrosospira cluster 3b and Nitrososphaera cluster 4.1, respectively. This study showed that nitrogen and DMPP both affected the abundance and structure of ammonia‐oxidizer communities, which may contribute to the variations in N2O emissions from croplands.Highlights
Role of soil microorganisms in the efficiency of DMPP to reduce N2O emissions under different N inputs was explored.
N input increased N2O emissions and DMPP reduced N2O emissions
N and DMPP affect N2O emission via a changed key cluster of ammonia oxidizers.
DMPP was more efficient at higher nitrogen input levels.
Plants’ ability to sense and respond to airborne sound is likely to be adaptive: reply to comment by Pyke et al
Authors: Goldshtein Aya , Veits Marine , Khait Itzhak , Saban Kfir , Sapir Yuval , Yovel Yossi , Hadany Lilach 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEcol. Lett. 22, 2019, 1483 demonstrated, for the first time, a rapid response of a plant to the airborne sounds of pollinators. Pyke et al. argue that this response is unlikely to be adaptive. Here we clarify some misunderstandings, and demonstrate the potential adaptive value using theoretical modelling and field observations.
H2O2‐induced oxidative stress disrupts mitochondrial functions and impairs migratory potential of human epidermal melanocytes
Authors: Xu Ping , Xue Yan‐Ning , Ji Hui‐Hui , Tan Cheng , Guo Shun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) have already been demonstrated to impede the migratory ability in non‐melanocytic cell lines by depleting mitochondrial ATP production. Therefore, understanding the mitochondrial metabolic response to migration in the presence of ROS should be a key to understanding repigmentation in vitiligo. This study aimed to investigate the energy mechanism associated with the ROS‐mediated attenuation of melanocyte migration. After melanocytes were pretreated with H2O2, their ATP production, migratory ability, ultrastructural changes and Mitochondrial Permeability Potential were analysed. The results showed that, in parallel with the decreased ATP production, the migratory ability of melanocytes was significantly inhibited by oxidative stress. Supplementation with exogenous ATP reversed the suppressed ATP‐dependent migration of melanocytes. Melanocytes were then stressed with H2O2 and Agilent Whole Human Genome microarray analysis identified 763 up‐regulated mRNAs and 1117 down‐regulated mRNAs. Among them, 11 of the encoded proteins were involved in mitochondrial ATP production and their expression levels were verified. The decreased expression of NADH dehydrogenase 2(ND2), cytochrome c oxidase 1(COX1) and cytochrome c oxidase 3(COX3) was shown to be involved in the depletion of mitochondrial ATP production, which was coupled with the impaired migratory potential. These results indicate that the migration of melanocytes relies heavily on an inexhaustible supply of ATP from mitochondria.
Relational Upheaval During Refugee Resettlement: Service Provider Perspectives
Authors: Tlapek Sarah Myers , Monk J. Kale , White Cheyenne 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveWe seek to provide insight on intimate relationships and service provider response for refugees during the resettlement transition in the United States.BackgroundRefugees resettling in the United States face numerous stressful transitions that could affect their relationships with intimate partners. Thus, refugees may be at risk for increased relationship upheaval, yet typical options for support are limited by migration and a potentially unsupportive political climate. Frontline service providers may be able to offer support, but we know little about the relationship challenges refugee couples face and how service providers might help clients navigate these experiences.MethodThe study team observed a refugee women's health promotion support group (n = 7) and conducted interviews of a purposive sample of refugee‐serving social service providers (n = 16) with varying roles in the resettlement process. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsResults indicate that refugee‐serving providers have opportunities to observe relationship upheaval during the resettlement process including general disagreements and distress, as well as the potential for conflict escalating to aggression in rare cases; in other cases, resettlement may enable refugee couples to negotiate new ways of relating to each other in a new setting. Providers also become involved in clients' relational lives and give assistance in various ways, including educating clients on gender norms and conflict resolution; however, the levels of provider preparedness and training
vary.ConclusionFrontline providers are exposed to relationship upheaval in refugee clients, although these needs may be presented as requests for advice on practical decisions (e.g. childcare, bank accounts, and property ownership). These decisions have important long‐term consequences not only for relational growth but for protection against future tension; therefore, this is a critical period for provider intervention.ImplicationsService providers in resettlement agencies, particularly frontline workers, should be trained to identify and respond to relationship upheaval, including being taught to recognize signs of abuse and being aware of options for safety planning and professional support.
Diagnosis of rare bleeding disorders
Authors: Meijer Karina , van Heerde Waander , Gomez Keith 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRare bleeding disorders result in significant morbidity but are globally underdiagnosed. Advances in genomic testing and specialist laboratory assays have greatly increased the diagnostic armamentarium. This has resulted in the discovery of new genetic causes for rare diseases and a better understanding of the underlying molecular pathology.
von Willebrand disease: Diagnosis and treatment, treatment of women, and genomic approach to diagnosis
Authors: Laffan Michael , Sathar Jameela , Johnsen Jill M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstractvon Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common inherited bleeding disorder. VWD is caused by deficiencies in von Willebrand factor (VWF), a critical adhesive haemostatic protein. This review provides an overview of VWD diagnosis and treatment, special considerations in treating women with VWD, and current genomic approaches to VWD. For diagnosis and treatment in VWD, an accurate diagnosis is critical to providing effective treatments, determining appropriate laboratory monitoring and for counselling the patient and family. Diagnosis of VWD begins with the clinical assessment for the bleeding phenotype, which is usually characterized by mucocutaneous and provoked bleeding. The diagnosis of VWD is then made by laboratory investigation. Multiple assays are used to assess VWF levels and functions. The mainstays of VWD treatment are tailored by VWD type and symptoms, and can include antifibrinolytic treatment, desmopressin and VWF replacement treatment. Women with VWD are also at risk for excessive uterine bleeding, such as with menses and childbirth. In addition to standard VWD treatments, heavy menstrual bleeding can be treated with hormones. Interdisciplinary management of childbirth and prophylaxis in the postpartum period are needed to reduce the risk of postpartum haemorrhage. Genomic approaches to VWD can inform VWD diagnosis, treatment, test assay selection, reproductive planning and family counselling. Most VWD patients have an identifiable VWF gene DNA variant. Next‐generation sequencing is rapidly being adopted to provide more comprehensive VWF sequence information for patients with known or suspected VWD.
Wettability modification of zirconia by laser surface texturing and silanization
Authors: Pu Zihao , Jing Xiubing , Yang Chengjuan , Wang Fujun , Ehmann Kornel F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper presents the modification of wettability by nanosecond laser surface textured followed by silanization to fabricate the superhydrophobic zirconia surface. Surface modification by varying the pitch between channels leads to micro‐channel and micro‐grid pattern with different surface roughness. The generated morphological and metallurgical modifications of the surface are measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Numerous micro‐pits and cracks in the laser‐treated areas can be observed from SEM, which indicates crack propagation dominating the process of laser ablation of zirconia. The surface is superhydrophilic with laser‐texturing instantly, whose wettability is modified over time. By analyzing the XPS, carbon content, especially C‐C (H) groups, is important for the time‐dependent wettability. The hydrophobicity of all laser‐textured surfaces is improved after silanization. Laser texturing with smaller pitch (50 μm and 70 μm) leads to superhydrophobic surfaces after silanization, which may be due to the modification of physicochemical properties of substrate by very rapid local heating and cooling on the thick surface layer. Overall, the investigations indicate that wettability modifications can be attributed to the surface's microstructure, which depend on laser processing parameters, and chemical composition, especially in terms of −CF3, −CF2, and C‐C (H).
Kinetics and thermodynamic modelling of the aflatoxins decontamination: a review
Authors: Roohi Reza , Hashemi Seyed Mohammad Bagher , Mousavi Khaneghah Amin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAflatoxins as the remarkable food safety issues are toxic compounds produced by some of the fungus among variety of food and feed products, while their decontamination has been investigated through some proposed kinetics based on the various conversion factors. Among them, in terms of the chemical‐based decontamination techniques, the zero‐, first‐ and second‐order reaction mechanisms are utilised conventionally alone or in combination with the Arrhenius model. However, the equilibrium adsorption, statistical inactivation models and the first‐order reaction kinetics are the most common mathematical description of the physical based decontamination techniques. Finally, for biological based decontamination techniques, as several interconnected factors are involved, the response surface analysis (RSM) and the central composite design (CCD) methods are highly used. In this regard, the present review was aimed to provide an overview regarding the modelling approaches in aflatoxins decontamination based on the kinetics and thermodynamics aspects of the processes.