bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Active Oxygen Species by Grain Boundaries to Optimize Reaction Paths toward Aerobic Oxidations
Authors: Xie Zicheng , Zhang Jie , Xiao Yu , Xie Yangcenzi , Zhu Wenkun , Yu Shuyi , Hou Tingting , Liang Shuquan , Wang Liangbing 
Published: August 2020

Aerobic oxidation by using molecular oxygen (O2) as the oxidant is highly attractive, in which activating O2 to reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a prerequisite. Although some progress has been achieved in regulating ROS by heterogeneous catalysts, the strategies to efficiently control ROS in aerobic oxidation are still urgently desired. Herein, grain boundaries (GBs) in metal oxides are discovered to be able to facilely regulate ROS. Impressively, MoO3 nanocrystals with high density of GBs (MoO3‐600) deliver a mass activity of 83 mmol g‐1 h‐1 in aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol, 7 and 8 times as high as that of MoO3 nanoparticles without GBs and Pt/C, respectively. In addition, the selectivity of benzoic acid is 100% during whole reaction process over MoO3‐600. Mechanistic studies reveal that the oxygen atoms at GBs in MoO3‐600 are highly active to form ∙OH radicals with the generation of oxygen vacancies, while the oxygen vacancies are replenished by O2. The reaction path directly contributes to the excellent catalytic performance.
Embedded genetic algorithm for low‐power, low‐cost, and low‐size‐memory devices
Authors: da S. Medeiros Denis R. , Torquato Matheus F. , Fernandes Marcelo A. C. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThis work proposes a strategy to create an embedded genetic algorithms (GAs) for low‐power, low‐cost, and low‐size‐memory devices. This strategy aims to provide the means of GAs to run as a low‐cost and low‐power consumption embedded system, where microcontrollers (Cs) are commonly used. The implementation details are presented, emphasizing the limitations and restrictions imposed to turn it more compact and efficient. In addition, data related to the algorithm effectiveness, processing time, and memory consumption were obtained from simulations, oscilloscope measurements, and using the hardware‐in‐loop technique. Finally, this implementation is compared with other implementation from the literature and the results show that 8‐bits Cs can run GAs for several practical applications.
Effects of equivalent diameter on vertical PMMA combustion in natural convection environment
Authors: Gou Fu‐Hai , Xiao Hua‐Hua , Jiang Lin , Li Mi , Lu Wei , Zhang Man‐Man , Sun Jin‐Hua 
Published: August 2020

SummaryA series of combustion experiments of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) plates with two shapes, three thicknesses, and different sizes was performed to investigate the effects of equivalent diameter on combustion characteristics of vertical PMMA in a natural convection environment. Two digital video cameras were used to record the burning process. The temporal variation of mass was recorded by an electronic balance. The influence of equivalent diameter on mass loss rate and flame height was then analyzed theoretically. Convection and radiation heat transfer were calculated and modeled in the theoretical analysis and compared to experiment. The result shows that the theoretical prediction of mass loss rate for each equivalent diameter is in good agreement with the experimental measurements. In addition, the relationship between flame height and heat release rate was analyzed using dimensionless analysis method. It was found that the flame height for vertical PMMA burning in a nature convection environment is dominated by heat release rate and equivalent diameter.
Effect of predrying treatment and drying temperature on proximate composition, mineral contents, and thermophysical properties of anchote (Coccinia abyssinica (Lam.) Cogn.) flour
Authors: Bikila Adugna Mosissa , Tola Yetenayet , Esho Tarekegn Berhanu , Forsido Sirawdink Fikreyesus 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAnchote (Coccinia abyssinica (Lam.) Cogn.) is an indigenous underutilized but valuable root crop solely consumed in Ethiopia. It is commonly used as occasional food during holidays and as therapeutic food to treat fractured bone or develop strong bone. So far, different studies conducted related to its variety development, nutrition, and anti‐nutrition contents. In this study, attempts were made to investigate the effect of predrying treatments and drying temperature on nutritional composition and thermophysical properties of its flour. A general full factorial experiment with two factors each at three levels used to run the experiment. The proximate compositions, thermophysical properties, and mineral contents were determined using AOAC standard methods; well‐developed model equations; and atomic absorption spectrophotometry, respectively. The ranges of nutrients in mg/100 g DB were as follows: moisture content (MC) 7.37–10.10; protein 3.26–4.80; total fiber (TF) 7.24– 10.76; ether extract (EE) 0.49–0.70, ash 2.96–4.74, total carbohydrate (TC) 80.01–83.66; calcium (Ca) 357.07–482.89; magnesium (Mg) 138.87–222.38; iron (Fe) 10.87–16.00; zinc(Zn) 2.07–2.80; and copper(Cu) 1.90–2.25. The bulk density, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and thermal diffusivity of the flours ranged in 0.72–0.82 (g/cm3), 1.710–1.780 KJ/kg°C, 0.263–0.273 W/m2°C, and 1.88 x 10–4– 2.12 × 10–4 m2/s, respectively. The predrying treatment and drying temperature significantly affected (p < .05) MC, protein, TF, EE, ash, TC, Ca, Fe, and Zn contents. The thermophysical properties were also affected by the same factors. The flour made from raw anchote dried at 100°C was better in preserving the nutrients and improving its cooking property.
Attenuation of the extracellular matrix restores microglial activity during the early stage of amyloidosis
Authors: Stoyanov Stoyan , Sun Weilun , Düsedau Henning Peter , Cangalaya Carla , Choi Ilseob , Mirzapourdelavar Hadi , Baidoe‐Ansah David , Kaushik Rahul , Neumann Jens , Dunay Ildiko Rita , Dityatev Alexander 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the advanced stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), microglia are transformed to an activated phenotype with thickened and retracted processes, migrate to the site of amyloid‐beta (Aβ) plaques, and proliferate. In the early stages of AD, it is still poorly understood whether the microglial function is altered and which factors may regulate these changes. Here, we focused on studying microglia in the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) in 3‐ to 4‐month‐old 5xFAD mice as a transgenic mouse model of AD. At this age, there are neither Aβ plaques, nor activation of microglia, nor dysregulation in the expression of genes encoding major extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules or extracellular proteases in the RSC. Still, histochemical evaluation of the fine structure of neural ECM revealed increased levels of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin labeling in holes of perineuronal nets and changes in the perimeter of ECM barriers around the holes in 5xFAD mice. Two‐photon vital microscopy demonstrated normal morphology and resting motility of microglia but strongly diminished number of microglial cells that migrated to the photolesion site in 5xFAD mice. Enzymatic digestion of ECM by chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) ameliorated this defect. Accordingly, the characterization of cell surface markers by flow cytometry demonstrated altered expression of microglial CD45. Moreover, ChABC treatment reduced the invasion of myeloid‐derived mononuclear cells into the RSC of 5xFAD mice. Hence, the migration of both microglia and myeloid cells is altered during the early stages of amyloidosis and can be restored at least partially by the attenuation of the ECM.
Kir5.1‐dependent CO2/H+‐sensitive currents contribute to astrocyte heterogeneity across brain regions
Authors: Patterson Kelsey C. , Kahanovitch Uri , Gonçalves Christopher M. , Hablitz John J. , Staruschenko Alexander , Mulkey Daniel K. , Olsen Michelle L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAstrocyte heterogeneity is an emerging concept in which astrocytes within or between brain regions show variable morphological and/or gene expression profiles that presumably reflect different functional roles. Recent evidence indicates that retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) astrocytes sense changes in tissue CO2/H+ to regulate respiratory activity; however, mechanism(s) by which they do so remain unclear. Alterations in inward K+ currents represent a potential mechanism by which CO2/H+ signals may be conveyed to neurons. Here, we use slice electrophysiology in rats of either sex to show that RTN astrocytes intrinsically respond to CO2/H+ by inhibition of an inward rectifying potassium (Kir) conductance and depolarization of the membrane, while cortical astrocytes do not exhibit such CO2/H+‐sensitive properties. Application of Ba2+ mimics the effect of CO2/H+ on RTN astrocytes as measured by reductions in astrocyte Kir‐like currents and increased RTN neuronal firing. These CO2/H+‐sensitive currents increase developmentally, in parallel to an increased expression in Kir4.1 and Kir5.1 in the brainstem. Finally, the involvement of Kir5.1 in the CO2/H+‐sensitive current was verified using a Kir5.1 KO rat. These data suggest that Kir inhibition by CO2/H+ may govern the degree to which astrocytes mediate downstream chemoreceptive signaling events through cell‐autonomous mechanisms. These results identify Kir channels as potentially important regional CO2/H+ sensors early in development, thus expanding our understanding of how astrocyte heterogeneity may uniquely support specific neural circuits and behaviors.
Decline in circulating viral and human tumor markers after resection of head and neck carcinoma
Authors: Lopez Erin M. , Tanner April Michelle , Du Eugenie , Patel Samip N. , Weiss Jared , Weissler Mark C. , Hackman Trevor , Gupta Gaorav P. , Zevallos Jose , Elmore Sandra , Betancourt Renee , Thorne Leigh , Sheth Siddharth , Gulley Margaret L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundDNA sequencing panels can simultaneously quantify human and viral tumor markers in blood. We explored changes in levels of plasma tumor markers following surgical resection of head and neck carcinoma.MethodsIn preresection and postresection plasmas, targeted DNA sequencing quantified variants in 28 human cancer genes and levels of oncogenic pathogens (human papillomavirus [HPV], Epstein‐Barr virus [EBV], Helicobacter pylori) from 21 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.ResultsPreresection, 11 of 21 patients (52%) had detectable tumor markers in plasma, most commonly TP53 mutation or HPV genome. Several days postresection, levels fell to undetectable in 8 of 10 evaluable patients, while two high‐stage patients retained circulating tumor markers.ConclusionsModern sequencing technology can simultaneously quantify human gene variants and oncogenic viral genomes in plasma. Falling levels of cancer‐specific markers upon resection can help identify viral and human markers to track at subsequent timepoints as a means to evaluate efficacy of interventions.
HealthLit4Kids: Supporting schools to be health literacy responsive organisations
Authors: Elmer Shandell , Nash Rose , Kemp Nenagh , Coleman Cheryn , Wyss Martina , Roach Julie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIssue addressedTo reduce inequity, services and community organisations must respond to the health literacy needs and strengths of each individual accessing their services. As a social determinant, health literacy is compounded by interactions between the service provider, the individual, and their wider community. Schools provide a critical nexus between the teacher (as service provider), the student (as learner) and their family (carers and wider community) to support the development of children's health literacy.MethodsFive Tasmanian primary schools (84 teachers) completed an assessment of their school in relation to the domains of a health literate organisation using the HeLLOTas! (HEalth Literacy Learning Organisations Tasmania) Self‐Assessment Checklist, before and after taking part in the HealthLit4Kids program.ResultsWhile the differences between pre‐ and post‐intervention ratings were not large, they moved in a positive direction for all six domains. There was a significant main effect of time, F (1, 4) = 83.9, P < .001, ƞ2 = 0.99, showing that overall ratings increased from before to after the intervention. Teacher‐recommended actions across all schools were grouped for insight into their interpretation and application of the tool in the school context.ConclusionUsing the HeLLOTas! Self‐Assessment Checklist served a dual purpose. Teachers developed a shared understanding of the characteristics of a health‐literate organisation to produce a schoolwide action plan. Simultaneously, we gained valuable insights into the processes required to support the development of organisational health literacy in schools, and we share ten propositions applicable to other schools locally, nationally and internationally.So what?To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a school's health literacy responsiveness has been measured. Our key propositions will support future efforts by policy makers, researchers and school principals.
Physical Stability of Medium‐Chain Triglyceride/Long‐Chain Triglyceride Emulsion Injections From 5 Manufacturers in High‐Concentration Electrolyte–Based Total Nutrient Admixtures
Authors: Zhao Bin , Gao Ruichen , Jiao Lei , Zhang Fan , Wang Biao , Mei Dan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundLipid emulsion injections for parenteral nutrition are an important source of energy and essential fatty acids. Yet stability and compounding challenges remain. We compared the physicochemical stability of 5 commercial medium‐chain triglyceride/long‐chain triglyceride (MCT/LCT)–based lipid emulsions compounded in total nutrient admixtures (TNAs).MethodsStability of the MCT/LCT‐based TNAs was assessed when compounded with high concentrations of electrolytes. We measured mean droplet diameter (MDD), percentage of fat residing in globules ≥5 μm (PFAT5), pH, and osmolality immediately after compounding (time 0) and 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours later. Repeated‐measures analyses of variance were used to evaluate changes in stability over time, and post hoc tests were used to assess group differences.ResultsOver 72 hours, MDD of TNAs ranged from 0.206 to 0.713 μm, PFAT5 from 0.58% × 10−3to 43.18% × 10−3, pH from 5.769 to 5.879, and osmolality from 1304 to 1357 mOsm/kg. MDDs and PFAT5s showed a tendency to increase gradually over the first 24 hours and then decrease or remained stable after that. We identified some significant differences in MDDs and PFAT5s among the 5 MCT/LCT‐based TNAs, although all met the United States Pharmacopeia <729> standards.ConclusionsThe stability of some commercial MCT/LCT‐based TNAs under high concentrations of electrolytes exhibits differences over the 72 hours after compounding. Clinicians should pay attention, therefore, to possible performance differences of injectable lipid emulsions produced by different manufacturers when compounded in TNAs under high electrolyte concentrations.
Plant‐mediated synthesis of nanoparticles and their antimicrobial activity against phytopathogens
Authors: Hernández‐Díaz José A , Garza‐García Jorge JO , Zamudio‐Ojeda Adalberto , León‐Morales Janet M , López‐Velázquez Julio C , García‐Morales Soledad 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNanotechnology is an emerging science with a wide array of applications involving the synthesis and manipulation of materials with dimensions in the range of 1–100 nm. Nanotechnological applications include diverse fields such as pharmaceuticals, medicine, the environment, food processing and agriculture. Regarding the latter, applications are mainly focused on plant growth and crop protection against plagues and diseases. In recent years, the biogenic reduction of elements such as Ag, Au, Cu, Cd, Al, Se, Zn, Ce, Ti and Fe with plant extracts has become one of the most accepted techniques for obtaining nanoparticles (NPs), as it is considered an ecological and cost‐effective process without the use of chemical contaminants. The objective of this work was to review NPs synthesized by green chemistry using vegetable extracts, as well as their use as antimicrobial agents against phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. Given the need for alternatives to control and integrate management of phytopathogens, this review is relevant to agriculture, although this technology is barely exploited in this field. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
A Prospective, Split‐Face, Randomized Study Comparing a 755‐nm Picosecond Laser With and Without Diffractive Lens Array in the Treatment of Melasma in Asians
Authors: Manuskiatti Woraphong , Yan Chadakan , Tantrapornpong Ploypailin , Cembrano Kathryn Anne G. , Techapichetvanich Thanya , Wanitphakdeedecha Rungsima 
Published: August 2020

Background and ObjectivesTreatment of melasma with lasers remains a challenge due to its limited clinical efficacy in addition to high rates of recurrence and side effects. Recently, picosecond lasers have shown favorable results in treatment of benign pigmented lesions. To compare the efficacy and safety of using a 755‐nm picosecond laser for the treatment of melasma in a split‐face manner, having one side treated with a fractionated beam (diffractive lens array [DLA] coupling) and with a full‐beam (flat optics) on the other side.Study Design/Materials and MethodsEighteen subjects presenting with mixed‐type melasma were enrolled. Each patient was randomly treated with a 755‐nm picosecond laser coupled with DLA on one side of the face and without DLA (flat optics) on the other side. The laser was delivered through an 8‐mm spot size with an average fluence of 0.4 J/cm2 at 2.5 Hz for a total of two passes without pulse overlapping. All subjects received five monthly treatments. Subjective (clinical evaluation) and objective (color readings) assessments on the degree of pigment clearance and adverse effects were obtained at 1‐, 3‐, and 6‐month after the final treatment.ResultsAt 6 months after the last treatment, physician‐rating scores were 1.50 ± 0.76 and 1.50 ± 0.65 of the DLA and flat‐optics sides, respectively. Pigment clearance significantly improved from 1 to 6 months after the treatment on each side (P = 0.019 on DLA and P = 0.023 on flat‐optics sides). No statistically significant differences in physician‐rating scores between the two treatment techniques were observed at all follow‐up visits. Objective assessments of melasma clearance corresponded to the clinical evaluation. However, the full‐beam (flat optics) provided lower incidence of pos‐tinflammatory hyperpigmentation than the fractioned one.ConclusionsA 755‐nm picosecond laser is safe and effective for the treatment of melasma in dark‐skinned individuals. The use of DLA does not provide additional benefit over the flat optics in clearing pigmentation. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser is Effective in Amelioration of Pruritus in Primary Cutaneous Amyloidosis: A Clinical and Biochemical Study
Authors: Fawzi Marwa M.T. , Gawdat Heba I. , Mahmoud Sara B. , El‐Hawary Marwa S. , Rashed Laila A. , Esmat Samia M. 
Published: August 2020

Background and ObjectivesPrimary cutaneous amyloidosis (PCA) is a pruritic disease characterized by amyloid deposition in the skin. Interleukin‐31 (IL‐31) is a pruritus‐mediating cytokine. Fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser has shown efficacy in the treatment of PCA regarding the clinical appearance, histological pattern, and pruritus. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of fractional CO2 laser on pruritus associated with PCA, and analyze whether this effect is related to IL‐31 and IL‐31 receptor (R) expression.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThe study included 24 patients with PCA and 24 healthy controls. Each patient received four fractional CO2 laser sessions, 4 weeks apart, using the superficial ablative mode. Skin biopsies were taken from patients before and after treatment, as well as controls, for assessment of IL‐31 and IL‐31R by real‐time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsTreatment resulted in significant improvement of all clinical parameters, including pruritus (P < 0.001). Patients before treatment had significantly higher IL‐31 and IL‐31R than controls (P = 0.000 for both). In addition, there was a statistically significant decrease in IL‐31 and IL‐31R after treatment than their values before treatment (P = 0.000 for both).ConclusionThis study confirms the therapeutic efficacy of fractional CO2 laser in treatment of PCA. Reduction of IL‐31 and its receptor seems to be one of the involved mechanisms; however, its relation to improvement of pruritus is still not clear. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
An Integrated PRE Methodology for Capturing the Reaction Performance of Single‐ and Multi‐site Type Catalysts Using Bench‐Scale Polymerization Experiments
Authors: Touloupidis Vasileios , Rittenschober Gerold , Paulik Christian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe scope of polymer reaction engineering (PRE) is to develop a modeling pathway from polymerization process conditions to polymer microstructure and end‐use properties. The catalyst is the heart of the low‐pressure polymerization and its kinetic parameters constitute the cornerstone of this pathway, without which none of the modeling steps can be established. In this work, an integrated PRE methodology for capturing the reaction performance of single‐ and multi‐site type catalysts is presented. According to the methodology proposed, the catalyst kinetic parameters are estimated based on a series of targeted bench‐scale polymerization experiments and characterization combined with polymer reaction engineering modeling.
Single‐room maternity care: Systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Ali Elena , Norris Jill M. , Hall Marc , White Deborah E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimTo describe the single‐room maternity care model and evaluate its influence on patient, provider and system outcomes.DesignMixed‐method systematic review and narrative synthesis.MethodsWe conducted searches of MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the grey literature from January 1985–August 2018, yielding 151 records. Pairs of reviewers independently applied the inclusion criteria using a standardized screening tool to both titles/abstracts and full texts. Overall, 13 studies were retained.ResultsMost studies of single‐room care were from the United States and Canada, and assessed costs, patient satisfaction and/or provider satisfaction. Studies used cross‐sectional and/or pre–post comparative, retrospective descriptive and qualitative designs. Methodological quality of quantitative studies was generally weak, and few studies conducted inferential statistics. Maternal satisfaction with the single‐room maternity model was positive across the studies; however, healthcare provider satisfaction was mixed.