bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wnt signalling and endocytosis: Mechanisms, controversies and implications for stress responses
Authors: Wu Yu‐Chun , Chiang Yueh‐Chen , Chou Shih‐Hua , Pan Chun‐Liang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWnt signalling is one of a few conserved pathways that control diverse aspects of development and morphogenesis in all metazoan species. Endocytosis is a key mechanism that regulates the secretion and graded extracellular distribution of Wnt glycoproteins from the source cells, as well as Wnt signal transduction in the receiving cells. However, controversies exist regarding the requirement of clathrin‐dependent endocytosis in Wnt signalling. Various lines of evidence from recent studies suggest that Wnt‐β‐catenin signalling is also involved in the regulation of cellular stress responses in adulthood, a role that is beyond its canonical functions in animal development. In this review, we summarise recent advances in the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which endocytosis modulates Wnt signalling. We also discuss how Wnt signalling could be repurposed to regulate mitochondrial stress response in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.
Changes in healthcare utilisation for paediatric tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in the Netherlands: a population‐based study
Authors: van Munster Juliëtte J. C. M. , Zamanipoor Najafabadi Amir H. , van ’t Hooft Janneke , van Barneveld Teus A. , Böhringer Stefan , Visser Jorrit S. , Bremmer Rolf H. , Peul Wilco C. , van den Hout Wilbert B. , van Benthem Peter Paul G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesTonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in children are controversial subjects with large regional variation in surgical rates, partly explained by cultural differences and lack of high‐quality evidence on indications for surgery. A quality of care cycle was executed on this topic in the Netherlands. The objective of this study was to estimate changes in healthcare utilisation for paediatric tonsil surgery in the Netherlands.MethodsPopulation‐based data on tonsillectomies and adenoidectomies in children up to age 10 were retrieved retrospectively from Dutch administrative databases between 2005 and 2018. A change point analysis was performed to detect the most pivotal change point in surgical rates. We performed univariate analyses to compare surgical patients’ characteristics before and after the pivotalpoint . Impact on healthcare budget and societal costs were estimated using current prices and data from cost‐effectiveness analyses.ResultsThe annual number of adenotonsillectomies reduced by 10 952 procedures (−39%; from 129 per 10 000 children to 87 per 10 000 children) between 2005 and 2018, and the number of adenoidectomies by 14 757 procedures (−49%; from 138 per 10 000 children to 78 per 10 000 children). The most pivotal change point was observed around 2012, accompanied by small changes in patient selection for surgery before and after 2012. An estimated €5.3 million per year was saved on the healthcare budget and €10.4 million per year on societal costs.ConclusionThe quality of care cycle resulted in fewer operations, with a concomitant reduction of costs. We suggest that part of these savings be invested in new research to maintain the quality of care cycle.
“If you're offered help, take it”: A qualitative study examining bariatric patients' experience of telephone‐based cognitive behavioural therapy
Authors: Santiago Vincent A. , Cassin Stephanie E. , Wnuk Susan , Du Chau , Hawa Raed , Parikh Sagar V. , Sockalingam Sanjeev 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThe increased recognition of patients' mental health needs after bariatric surgery has resulted in the emergence of accessible psychosocial interventions; however, there is a dearth of literature on patient experience and satisfaction with these interventions. We explored patients' perceptions and experiences of telephone‐based cognitive behavioural therapy (Tele‐CBT) in this qualitative study. Ten participants from the Toronto Western Hospital Bariatric Surgery Program in Toronto, Canada who completed the Tele‐CBT (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02920112) were individually interviewed from November 2014 to June 2016 until thematic saturation occurred (ie, no more new coding groups emerged). Interviews were transcribed, independently coded, checked for discrepancies, and analysed using grounded theory. Four themes emerged: (1) participants were generally satisfied with Tele‐CBT (eg, therapeutic alliance, resources provided, relevance of therapy to their own bariatric journey), (2) participants noticed emotional, cognitive, and behavioural changes following therapy, (3) the optimal time to deliver the Tele‐CBT was when weight loss plateaued, generally at one‐year post‐surgery, and (4) participants found the telephone modality convenient. CBT was generally found to be helpful and the telephone format increased convenience and accessibility. Patients reported learning skills and receiving resources that could help them improve their well‐being following bariatric surgery.
Diversity and conservation of traditional African vegetables: Priorities for action
Authors: van Zonneveld Maarten , Kindt Roeland , Solberg Svein Ø. , N'Danikou Sognigbé , Dawson Ian K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTraditional African vegetables have high potential to contribute to healthy diets and climate resilience in sub‐Saharan African food systems. However, their genetic resources are likely at threat because they are underutilized and under the radar of agricultural research. This paper aims to contribute to a conservation agenda for traditional African vegetables by examining the geographical diversity and conservation status of these species.LocationSub‐Saharan Africa.Methods126 traditional annual and perennial African vegetables were selected for their food and nutrition potential. Food uses and species’ areas of origin were recorded from literature. Species’ presence records were collected from open‐access databases of genebanks and herbaria. These records were used to determine geographical patterns of observed and modelled richness, to distinguish geographical clusters with different compositions of vegetables, to assess species’ ex situ and in situ conservation status and to prioritize countries for conservation actions.ResultsOf the 126 species, 79 originated in sub‐Saharan Africa. High levels of observed and modelled species richness were found in: (a) West Tropical Africa in Ghana, Togo and Benin; (b) West‐Central Tropical Africa in South Cameroon; (c) Northeast and East Tropical Africa in Ethiopia and Tanzania; and (d) Southern Africa in Eswatini. South Sudan, Angola and DR Congo are potential areas of high species richness that require further exploration. In general, ex situ conservation status of the selected species was poor compared to their in situ conservation status.Main conclusionsAreas of high species richness in West Tropical Africa, South Cameroon and Ethiopia coincide with centres of crop domestication and cultural diversity. Hotspots of diversity in Tanzania and Eswatini are especially rich in wild vegetables. Addressing the conservation of vegetable diversity in West Tropical Africa and South Cameroon is of most urgent concern as vegetable genetic resources from these locations are least represented in ex situ collections.
A comparative study of complete blood count inflammatory markers in substance‐free acute psychotic disorder and substance‐induced psychosis
Authors: Onur Durmaz , Neslihan Akkişi Kumsar , Samet Kurnaz 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimRecent studies showed a compare complete blood count (CBC) with its related measurements, including neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and platelet to lymphocyte ratio, are a simple and affordable test for inflammatory markers. The aim of this controlled study is to compare CBC inflammatory markers in substance‐induced psychosis (SIP) and substance‐free acute psychotic disorder (SF‐APD) and to evaluate whether these CBC inflammation values can be used in diagnosis.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted with the data of 76 SF‐APD patients (including 60 cases of first‐episode psychosis [FEP]), 98 SIP patients (including 48 cases of FEP), and 32 controls.ResultsPatients with SF‐APD and SIP had higher white blood cell counts, neutrophil and monocyte counts, and MLR than controls. An increased NLR was more distinct in SF‐APD, while an increased MLR was observed in APD (both SF and SI) and FEP groups more than in the controls. A receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the NLR could contribute to the identification of SF‐APD (52.6% sensitivity and 12.5% specificity, area under curve [AUC] = 0.704, 2.47 cutoff value) while an MLR could contribute to the identification of APD (70.1% sensitivity and 12.5% specificity, AUC = 0.842) as well as FEP (71.3% sensitivity and 12.5% specificity AUC = 0.831) with 0.26 cutoff value.ConclusionsAn NLR and MLR might be of interest for inflammatory processes involved in acute and first‐episode psychotic events, regardless of substance involvement.
Early persistence of psychotic‐like experiences in a community sample of adolescents
Authors: Hafeez Danish , Yung Alison R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsPsychotic‐like experiences (PLEs) are common in adolescents. Their persistence may confer increased susceptibility to psychotic disorder. The early evolution of transient to persistent PLEs is not well known. This study aimed to investigate the early persistence of PLEs (over 6–12 months) in a community sample of adolescents and examine baseline and longitudinal associations of early persistent PLEs.MethodsFive hundred and ninety Year 10 students were administered the community assessment of psychic experiences (CAPE) to measure PLEs at baseline and at follow up 6–12 months later. Persistent PLEs were defined as those present at or above the 90th centile at both time points. Independent variables of depression, psychological distress and functioning were all measured at both baseline and follow up. Self‐esteem, personality and suicidality were assessed at follow up.ResultsThe study found 5.1% of participants had early persistent PLEs. Persistence was associated positively with depression and distress at both time points, neuroticism and openness at baseline and suicidality at follow up. Persistence was negatively associated with functioning at both time points, agreeableness at baseline and self‐esteem at follow‐up. Only depression remained significantly associated at both time points when accounting for other variables. Thus, depressive symptoms may account for changes in other domains and be a predictor of early PLEs persistence.ConclusionsThese results reinforce the importance of monitoring and assessing PLEs in young people especially when associated with depression. Further research is required to investigate PLE persistence over longer periods with increased measurement intervals.
Study on the skin status of mid‐pregnancy women based on lipidomics
Authors: Chen Feng , Huang Dianchao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPregnancy is a complex physiological state and its unique changes in skin state have been discussed. Skin surface lipid (SSL) is an important molecular basis for this skin condition, and it affects skin condition in a number of ways, but there are no complete research data on it.ObjectivesTo analyze the lipidome profiles of SSL in pregnancies and controls in order to understand SSL changes in pregnancy. It will provide theoretical data of SSL on skin care and prevention of skin diseases during pregnancy.MethodsUltra‐high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐QTOF‐MS) and multivariate statistics were used to investigate the changes of SSL in pregnancy.ResultsResults showed that there were significant differences (P < .05) in the lipidome between pregnancies and controls. Multivariate data analysis indicated that there were 20 important individual lipid species identified, and triglycerides (TGs) were the majority of differentiating lipid species.ConclusionsThe increase of estrogen level in pregnancies antagonizes and inhibits the regulation of androgen on sebaceous gland, resulting in the decrease of sebum secretion and the weakening of skin barrier function. Besides, the decrease of saturated fatty acid content may be the main factor of the decrease of skin barrier function during pregnancy. Additionally, skin cells perform their self‐regulation function to reduce or counteract abnormal state of the skin during pregnancy through the synthesis and secretion of more glycerophospholipids and ceramides.
Patterns of repeated diagnostic testing for COVID‐19 in relation to patient characteristics and outcomes
Authors: Salerno S. , Zhao Z. , Prabhu Sankar S. , Salvatore M. , Gu T. , Fritsche L. G. , Lee S. , Lisabeth L. D. , Valley T. S. , Mukherjee B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhilst the COVID‐19 diagnostic test has a high false‐negative rate, not everyone initially negative is re‐tested. Michigan Medicine, a primary regional centre, provided an ideal setting for studying testing patterns during the first wave of the pandemic.ObjectivesTo identify the characteristics of patients who underwent repeated testing for COVID‐19 and determine if repeated testing was associated with downstream outcomes amongst positive cases.MethodsCharacteristics, test results, and health outcomes for patients presenting for a COVID‐19 diagnostic test were collected. We examined whether patient characteristics differed with repeated testing and estimated a false‐negative rate for the test. We then studied repeated testing patterns in patients with severe COVID‐19‐related outcomes.ResultsPatient age, sex, body mass index, neighbourhood poverty levels, pre‐existing type 2 diabetes, circulatory, kidney, and liver diseases, and cough, fever/chills, and pain symptoms 14 days prior to a first test were associated with repeated testing. Amongst patients with a positive result, age (OR: 1.17; 95% CI: (1.05, 1.34)) and pre‐existing kidney diseases (OR: 2.26; 95% CI: (1.41, 3.68)) remained significant. Hospitalization (OR: 7.88; 95% CI: (5.15, 12.26)) and ICU‐level care (OR: 6.93; 95% CI: (4.44, 10.92)) were associated with repeated testing. The estimated false‐negative rate was 23.8% (95% CI: (19.5%, 28.5%)).ConclusionsWhilst most patients were tested once and received a negative result, a meaningful subset underwent multiple rounds of testing. These results shed light on testing patterns and have important implications for understanding the variation of repeated testing results within and between patients.
Effectiveness of family‐focused home visiting for maternal mental illness: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Leonard Rachel , Linden Mark , Grant Anne 
Published: November 2020

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

Maternal mental illness reduces a mothers’ ability to bond with their infant and may adversely affect other family members.

Family‐focused practice is an approach which has the potential to support mothers with mental illnesses and reduce the risk of familial transmission of mental illness to children.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

Findings suggest that current interventions are not effective in reducing depression or stress among mothers.

The majority of interventions included in this review employed relatively low levels of family‐focused practice.

What are the implications for practice?

While there is a growing integration of family‐focused practice into home visiting guidelines, this may be based on poor evidence.

There is a need for the development of rigorously tested interventions which seek to include the whole family.

AbstractIntroductionThe evidence on effectiveness of family‐focused home visiting for maternal mental illness has yet to be comprehensively synthesized.AimThe aim of this study was to assess current home visiting treatments and interventions for mothers with mental illness and their families.MethodThe primary and secondary outcomes of interest were depression and maternal stress, respectively, both were included in meta‐analyses. We identified 13 (n = 5,540 participants) studies which met inclusion criteria. Eight studies were included in meta‐analyses; five studies were reported narratively.ResultsFindings from the meta‐analysis suggest that home visiting interventions are not effective in reducing depression (SMD −0.13, 95% CI −0.33 to 0.07, p = .21) and maternal stress (MD 0.59, 95% CI −5.19 to 6.38, p = .84).Discussion and Implications for practiceFindings suggest that current interventions are not effective in reducing depression or stress among mothers. While there is a growing integration of family‐focused practice into home visiting guidelines, this may be based on poor evidence.
Adaptivity and dynamics in type III secretion systems
Authors: Milne‐Davies Bailey , Wimmi Stephan , Diepold Andreas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe type III secretion system is the common core of two bacterial molecular machines: the flagellum and the injectisome. The flagellum is the most widely distributed prokaryotic locomotion device, whereas the injectisome is a syringe‐like apparatus for inter‐kingdom protein translocation, which is essential for virulence in important human pathogens. The successful concept of the type III secretion system has been modified for different bacterial needs. It can be adapted to changing conditions, and was found to be a dynamic complex constantly exchanging components. In this review, we highlight the flexibility, adaptivity, and dynamic nature of the type III secretion system.
Met166‐Glu168 residues in human PrP β2‐α2 loop account for evolutionary resistance to prion infection
Authors: Espinosa Juan Carlos , Marín‐Moreno Alba , Aguilar‐Calvo Patricia , Torres Juan María 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsThe amino acid sequence of prion protein (PrP) is a key determinant in the transmissibility of prion diseases. While PrP sequence is highly conserved among mammalian species, minor changes in the PrP amino acid sequence may confer alterations in the transmissibility of prion diseases. Classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (C‐BSE) is the only zoonotic prion strain reported to date causing variant Creutzfeldt‐Jacob disease (vCJD) in humans, although experimental transmission points to atypical L‐BSE and some classical scrapie isolates as also zoonotic. The precise molecular elements in the human PrP sequence that limit the transmissibility of prion strains such as sheep/goat scrapie or cervid chronic wasting disease (CWD) are not well known.MethodsThe transmissibility of a panel of diverse prions from different species was compared in transgenic mice expressing either wild‐type human PrPC (MDE‐HuTg340) or a mutated human PrPC harbouring Val166‐Gln168 amino acid changes (VDQ‐HuTg372) in the β2‐α2 loop instead of Met166‐Glu168 wild‐type variants.ResultsVDQ‐HuTg372 mice were more susceptible to prions than MDE‐HuTg340 mice in a strain‐dependent manner.ConclusionsMet166‐Glu168 amino acid residues present in wild‐type human PrPC are molecular determinants that limit the propagation of most prion strains assayed in the human PrP context.
Hydrogen sulphide as a guard cell network regulator
Authors: Pantaleno Rosario , Scuffi Denise , García‐Mata Carlos 
Published: November 2020

SummaryHydrogen sulphide (H2S) is an endogenously produced gasotransmitter that has rapidly emerged as an active signalling component of several plant processes, stomatal movement regulation among them. The guard cells (GCs), pairs of cells that neighbour the stomatal pores, transduce endogenous and environmental signals, through signalling network, to control stomatal pore size. In this complex network, which has become a model system for plant signalling, few highly connected components form a core that links most of the pathways. The evidence summarized in this insight, on the interplay between H2S and different key components of the GC networks, points towards H2S as a regulator of the GC core signalling pathway.
Modified setting of negative pressure in children with mild respiratory disease
Authors: Ishimori Shingo , Nagase Shizuka , Kanagawa Atsuko , Nakajiri Tomoshi , Okita Sora , Oyazato Yoshinobu , Nishiyama Atsushi , Yonetani Masahiko 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundContinuous negative extra‐thoracic pressure (CNEP) can prevent children with apnea developing severe respiratory infection with endotracheal intubation. Little is known about children with mild acute respiratory disease, especially with a focus on clinical respiratory symptoms.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, observational study between July 2014 and July 2017 to evaluate the safety of a modified setting of CNEP in hospitalized children with symptoms of chest‐wall retraction or nasal alar breathing without the requirement for immediate intubation therapy in a single center. A modified setting of CNEP was defined as 4 h of treatment comprising 3 consecutive hours of CNEP followed by 1 h of rest.ResultsWe studied 19 hospitalized children with retraction or nasal breathing but no possible state of endotracheal intubation. The median age at admission was 0.9 years and the duration of CNEP was 6 days. No sedative drugs were used. The percentage of children with retraction or nasal breathing after 24 h from initiation of CNEP was significantly decreased compared with that just before CNEP (68% vs 100%, P = 0.02). Logistic regression showed no statistical evidence of contributing factors for pulmonary symptoms. No patients were transferred to receive intubation, but one boy reinitiated respiratory support within 6 months after discharge. No children had adverse events of upper airway obstruction, skin injury, interfering with access, hypothermia, discomfort from fitting a cuirass, and neck excoriation.ConclusionsOur results suggest that a modified setting of CNEP management can be tolerated and continued without concern of adverse events.
Welcome Home—Now Vote! Voting Rights Restoration and Postsupervision Participation
Authors: Morris Kevin 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivePast research demonstrates that formerly incarcerated individuals turn out at very low rates. Executive Order 181 in New York State allows us to test whether restoring voting rights at an in‐person meeting while an individual is still on parole can increase their postsupervision registration and turnout.MethodsBy linking administrative parole records with the registered voter file I estimate individual‐level turnout. I use an interrupted time series and a two‐stage least squares approach to estimate the causal effect of Executive Order 181 on postsupervision participation.ResultsI find that Executive Order 181 increased postsupervision registration and turnout for individuals discharged from parole as a whole; these results, however, mask racial heterogeneity. Although the participation of nonblack individuals increased substantially, the treatment effect for black individuals was either much smaller or nonexistent.ConclusionState policy can meaningfully increase the political participation of individuals even after they are no longer on parole. However, at least in the case of New York State, rights restoration prior to parole discharge appears less effective for black individuals who make up roughly 40 percent of the formerly incarcerated population.