bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Provenance changes in fine detrital quartz in the inner shelf sediments of the East China Sea associated with shifts in the East Asian summer monsoon front during the last 6 kyrs
Authors: Wang Ke , Tada Ryuji , Zheng Hongbo , Irino Tomohisa , Zhou Bin , Saito Keita 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe inner shelf sediments of the East China Sea (ECS) preserve valuable information regarding climatic changes on land through detrital material discharged from large rivers, particularly the Yangtze River. In this paper, we examine the provenance changes of fine-grained detrital quartz preserved in the sediment of the MD06-3040 core retrieved from the mud belt on the inner shelf of the ECS during the last 6 kyrs. The provenance of the fine silt fraction (4–16 μm) of the sediments, which is considered to represent the suspended particulate matter (SPM) from the Yangtze River, is estimated based on the electron spin resonance (ESR) signal intensity and crystallinity index (CI) of quartz. By comparing the ESR signal intensity and CI of quartz in the fine silt fraction of sediments to those from different parts of tributaries in the modern Yangtze River drainage, we can discriminate the SPM sourced from the northwestern and southeastern tributaries of the Yangtze River. Shifts in the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) front are monitored by changes in the main precipitation areas which are manifested as changes in source rock ages and types implied from the ESR signal intensity and CI of quartz in the fine silt fraction of the studied sediments discharged from the Yangtze River. Temporal changes in provenance of the fine silt fraction through time suggest that shifts in the main location of EASM precipitation (most likely representing the EASM front) occurred at a multi-centennial-to-millennial scale with the deepest northwestward penetration of the EASM precipitation front (an enhanced EASM) occurring during the period 3.5–2.0 kyr BP and a southeastward retreat (a weak EASM) occurring during the periods 6.0–4.1 and 2.0–0 kyr BP.
Los jóvenes “Ni-Ni”: Un estigma que invisibiliza los problemas sociales de la juventud
Authors: García-Fuentes Juan , Martínez García José Saturnino 
Published: February 2020

Este artículo tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre la categoría de jóvenes “NI-NI” y demostrar empíricamente, que es una forma de ocultar los problemas sociales a los que se enfrentan por no tener en cuenta las restricciones estructurales que llevan a esa situación. Este escenario se ha convertido en un patrón de desajuste social, donde la falta de experiencia en el trabajo, propicia una situación vulnerable para quienes inician su inserción laboral, que puede dejar una “cicatriz” a lo largo de su vida. Nos centramos como perspectiva de análisis, en las transiciones juveniles, donde no todos los jóvenes logran salir de la precariedad laboral de adultos. Este mercado, precario, de bajos salarios, inseguro y flexible, no conecta con las necesidades juveniles, enquistadas en una crisis socio-económica y con pocas oportunidades. La elaboración del artículo se basa en una selección de fuentes bibliográficas para aproximarnos al estudio. Asimismo, describe los datos recogidos por la Encuesta de Población Activa (EPA) sobre la evolución de los jóvenes NI-NI, su relación con el mercado laboral y los motivos por los que no buscan empleo. Destacar, entre las conclusiones de este artículo, que la debilidad de los vínculos laborales termina por erosionar los derechos de ciudadanía de la población juvenil.
Gleichgewicht vor Westbindung. Die Regierung Schmidt und die „Neutronenbombe“ (1977/78) – eine Neubewertung
Authors: Lutsch Andreas 
Published: February 2020

Zusammenfassung
Das Geschichtsbild zur Kontroverse um die „Neutronenbombe“ 1977/78 ist geprägt von einer Standarderzählung: Diversen Schwierigkeiten und großer Umstrittenheit zum Trotz habe die Bundesrepublik Deutschland die Stationierung dieser Nuklearwaffe in ihrem Gebiet letztlich befürwortet, während die Entscheidung von US-Präsident Jimmy Carter von Anfang April 1978, die Waffe einstweilen nicht lagerungsbereit produzieren zu lassen, rätselhaft bleibt. Dieser Artikel bietet eine archivalisch abgestützte Neubewertung, die eine auch hinsichtlich ihres Ausgangs vermeintlich wohlverstandene Krise der NATO und der deutsch-amerikanischen Beziehungen von großer zeithistorischer Bedeutung einer robusteren historischen Bewertung zuführt. Diese Neubewertung lässt sich in einer zentralen These verdichten: Die Regierung Schmidt wirkte mit Erfolg darauf hin, die von ihr nicht offen abgelehnte Lagerung dieser Nuklearmunition für Gefechtsfeldartillerie in der Bundesrepublik ad calendas graecas aufschieben zu können und landgestützte nukleare Mittelstreckenwaffen in der NATO evolutionär zu modernisieren. Wo die bundesdeutschen Prioritäten für die TNF-Modernisierung lagen, wurde in der Affäre um die „Neutronenbombe“ 1977/78 sehr deutlich – wenn auch nicht in der Öffentlichkeit.
Separation of radiosilver from a cyclotron-irradiated palladium target
Authors: Ohya Tomoyuki , Nagatsu Kotaro , Hanyu Masayuki , Minegishi Katsuyuki , Zhang Ming-Rong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We studied the simple separation of radiosilvers from proton- or deuteron-irradiated natural palladium (natPd) targets, and successfully separated radiorhodium, radiosilver and radiopalladium using an anion-exchange resin. The yields of radiosilvers were 105Ag: 1.0 ± 0.32 MBq/μAh; 106mAg: 2.0 ± 0.64 MBq/μAh; 110mAg: 0.019 ± 0.0063 MBq/μAh (n = 4) at the end of bombardment with a total recovery rate of 98 % under the following irradiation conditions (deuteron beam energy: 20 MeV; beam current: 10 μA; irradiation time: 2.25 ± 0.50 h). We also evaluated the recycling of the palladium target.
The study of time dependence of particle flux with multiplication in a random medium
Authors: Lotova Galiya Z. , Mikhailov Guennady A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlgorithms of Monte Carlo method for estimating probabilistic moments of the parameter of time exponential asymptotics of particle flux with multiplication in a random medium are constructed. It was analytically and numerically shown that the asymptotics of the mean number of particles is close to an exponential one with the factor containing a summand proportional to square of time.
Pressure pain thresholds in children before and after surgery: a prospective study
Authors: Pedersen Line Kjeldgaard , Martinkevich Polina , Rahbek Ole , Nikolajsen Lone , Møller-Madsen Bjarne 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background and aims
This prospective study aimed to assess pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) by pressure algometry and the correlation to postoperative pain in children undergoing orthopaedic surgery. We hypothesized, that the PPTs would decline immediately after elective orthopaedic surgery and return to baseline values at follow-up.

Methods
Thirty children aged 6–16 years were included. PPTs and intensity of pain (Numerical Rating Scale, NRS) were assessed 3–6 weeks before surgery (baseline), 1–2 h before surgery (Day 0), the first postoperative day (Day 1) and 6–12 weeks after surgery (Follow-up).

Results
A significant difference of PPTs between the four assessments was seen using the Friedman test for detecting differences across multiple tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank test with a Bonferroni adjustment. The changes in PPTs between baseline (PPTcrus = 248 kPa, PPTthenar = 195 kPa) and day 1 (PPTcrus = 146 kPa, PPTthenar = 161 kPa) showed a decline of PPTs as hypothesized (Zcrus = 2.373, p = 0.018; Zthenar = 0.55, p = 0.581). More surprisingly, a significant decrease in PPTs between baseline and day 0, just before surgery (PPTcrus = 171 kPa, PPTthenar = 179 kPa), was also measured (Zcrus = 2.475, p = 0.013; Zthenar = 2.414, p = 0.016). PPTs were positively correlated to higher age, weight and height; but not to NRS or opioid equivalent use.

Conclusions
Children undergoing orthopaedic surgery demonstrate significant changes in PPTs over time. The PPTs decrease significantly between baseline and day 0, further decreases the first day postoperatively and returns to baseline values at follow-up. This suggests that other factors than surgery modulate the threshold for pain.

Implications
Awareness of pressure pain thresholds may help identify children with affected pain perception and hence improve future pain management in children undergoing orthopaedic surgery. Factors as for example anticipatory anxiety, psychological habitus, expected pain, catastrophizing, distraction, physical activity, patient education and preoperative pain medication might play a role in the perception of pain and need further investigation.
Serendipitous formation of K15NaSn5F36
Authors: Stoll Christiane , van Gerven David , Huppertz Hubert 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
K15NaSn5F36 crystallizes in the hexagonal crystal system with space group P63/m and lattice parameters of a = 1060.3(2) and c = 2011.9(4) pm. The unit-cell volume amounts to 1.9588(7) nm3. Its fundamental building blocks are quasi-isolated [SnF6]2− and [NaF6]5− octahedra, which are imbedded into a matrix of potassium cations. Within the structure, these units form a layer-like arrangement consisting either of mixed [SnF6]2−/[NaF6]5− or pure [SnF6]2− layers. The structural model was further confirmed by BLBS and CHARDI calculations.
Manifestations of allostatic load in residents of radiation contaminated areas aged 18–24 years
Authors: Sokolenko V. L. , Sokolenko S. V. 
Published: February 2020

We studied the features of allostatic load (AL) in 100 students aged 18–24 years old who, from birth to adulthood, lived in the territories assigned to the IV radiation zone after the Chornobyl accident (density of soil contamination by isotopes 137Cs 3.7–18.5∙104 Bq/m2) and underwent prolonged exposure to small doses of ionizing radiation. The examined students did not have any clinical signs of the immune-neuroendocrine system dysfunction. 50 people had signs of vegetative-vascular dystonia syndrome (VVD), 48 had signs of moderate hyperthyroidism and 21 had signs of moderate hypothyroidism. During the examination session, as a factor of additional psycho-emotional load, in 66 of the examined the immunoregulatory index CD4+/CD8+ went below the lower limit of the homeostatic norm, in 62 of the examined low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) exceeded the upper level. The relative risk (RR) and attributable risk (AR) of the participation of potential secondary factors of allostatic load formation in CD4+/CD8+ immunoregulatory index going below the lower limit were calculated. The presence of statistically significant relative risk of participation in the formation of suppression of the index CD4+/CD8+: the state of hyperthyroidism, state of hypothyroidism, vegetative-vascular dystonia syndrome, higher than normal LDL-C. When the examined students combined the signs of hyperthyroidism, vegetative-vascular dystonia syndrome and higher level of LDL-C; with combination of signs of hypothyroidism, vegetative-vascular dystonia syndrome and higher level of LDL-C. The attributable risk in all cases exceeded 0.10, which confirmed the importance of some of these factors and their complexes in the formation of the effect of reduced immunoregulatory index. The CD4+/CD8+ index can be considered an important biomarker of AL and premature age-related changes in the immune system in residents of radiation-contaminated areas. The risk of AL formation in the case of occurrence of a complex of mediated secondary biomarkers (vegetative-vascular dystonia syndrome, thyroid dysfunction, hypercholesterolemia) is higher compared to their individual significance.
Evaluation of antimicrobial properties of polymer nanocomposites for medical application
Authors: Hopta O. V. , Mishyna M. M. , Syrova A. O. , Makarov V. O. , Avramenko V. L. , Мishurov D. O. 
Published: February 2020

The paper is devoted to the investigation of antimicrobial activity of polymer nanocomposites of both low-density polyethylene and nonwoven polymeric material (a mixture of woven and polyester fibers) that had been impregnated by Cu nanoparticles. The microorganisms were grown according to generally accepted microbiological rules and on media recommended for each bacteria family. Formation of biofilms of microorganisms was studied on the surface of microtiter plates for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. After incubation of microtiter plates, the culture medium was removed from the wells. The wells were rinsed five times with sterile distilled water. The plates were air dried for 45 minutes and each well was stained with 1% crystal violet solution in water for 45 min. After staining, the plates were washed with sterile distilled water five times. The quantitative analysis of biofilm production was done by adding 95% ethanol for discoloration of the wells. The research shows the antibacterial activity of Cu nanoparticles on planktonic forms of the investigated microorganisms, which prevented the formation of dense biofilms. With the use of low-density polyethylene impregnated by Cu the ability to form biofilms by planktonic cells of the referent strains of microorganisms was detected to decrease by 1.7 (Escherichia coli), 12.3 (Klebsiella pneumonia) times in the studied strains and with the use of nonwoven polymeric material treated by Cu nanoparticles, the ability to form biofilms decreased by 1.8 (Escherichia coli) – 21.8 (Klebsiella pneumonia) times in the studied strains. In subjecting the formed daily biofilms of referent strains of microorganisms to Cu nanoparticles, the destruction of biofilms of the studied strains of microorganism was observed as well as violation of the integrity of the biofilm monolayer and decrease of density index in comparison with control values. As a result, the obtained polymer nanocomposites can be recommended for preventive use in the fight against nosocomial infections. The practical relevance of this study lies in the possibility of reducing the incidence of purulent-inflammatory diseases and mycoses and, accordingly, reduction of the costs of treating these diseases.
Estimation of the Gingival microleakage of Two Composite Resins with Three Insertion Techniques for Class V Restorations (In-Vitro Comparative Study)
Authors: Al-Gailani Ubaydah , Alqaysi Salam 
Published: February 2020

Objective: Evaluating the marginal microleakage of two different composite resins with three different restorative techniques in class V cavities with the cervical margins within the cementoenamel junction.
Methods: Sixty standardized box-shaped class V cavities of 2×2×3 mm (depth, length, width) prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces of 30 freshly extracted healthy human premolars. The teeth randomly divided into two equal groups: group A (FiltekTM Z250 XT) and group B (BeautifilTM II LS giomer). Then each group is subdivided into 3 equal subgroups: group I (bulk technique-10 cavities), group II ( split horizontal technique-10 cavities) and group III (vertical technique-10 cavities) and filled according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The samples were subjected to thermocycling (5°C ±2°C & 55°C ±2°C with a 30 seconds dwell time) and immersed in 2% buffered Methylene blue solution at 37°C for 24 hours. The restorations were sectioned longitudinally in buccolingual direction through the centers of the restoration. Then evaluated for microleakage using a stereomicroscope at 10x magnification and scored as 0, 1, 2, and 3. Non-parametric Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used and p value ≤ 0.05 considred statistically significant.
Results: Split increment horizontal layering technique showed statistically significant lower microleakage than vertical layering and bulk technique. While giomer showed less microleakage than Z250 but statistically not significant.
Conclusions: The use of split horizontal technique and giomer composite offers better and less marginal microleakage in class V restorations.
Hepatoprotective Effect of Citrus Sinensis Peel Extract Against Isoniazid and Rifampicin-induced Liver Injury in Wistar Rats
Authors: Kosasih Edward , Chiuman Linda , Lister I Nyoman Ehrich , Fachrial Edy 
Published: February 2020

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death in developing countries. One of the problems in controlling TB disease is that most anti-tuberculosis drugs are hepatotoxic. Citrus sinensis peel extract is the rich source of secondary metabolites with high potential effectiveness as an antioxidant. In the present study, we evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of Citrus sinensis peel ethanolic extract (CSPEE) on isoniazid and rifampicin-induced liver injury in Wistar rats. Twenty five adult male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups of 5 each : control, (INH+RIF) (50 mg/kg bw once a day for 14 days), (INH+RIF) + various dose of CSPEE (300, 450, 600 mg/kg bw). CSPEE was given orally once a day for 14 days followed by administration of INH + RIF suspension. The measurement of serum ALT and AST were carried out on the 15th day. Histopathologic examination of the liver was also performed. The Serum ALT and AST of the rats that induced with INH + RIF were increased significantly (P<0.001) compare to those of control groups, and the histopathologic slides showed steatosis, vacuolation and necrosis of hepatic cells. The serum ALT and AST in groups treated with CSPEE were not significantly different (p>0.05) with those of control groups. The serum ALT and AST and histopathological examination of the liver of the group that administered 600 mg/kg CSPEE were closest to normal rats. Citrus sinensis peel extract exhibits hepatoprotective effect on liver injury induced with INH + RIF in Wistar rats.
Relationship Between Content of Ketone Bodies in Milk and Milk Freezing Point of Polish Holstein-Friesian Cows in Early Lactation
Authors: Otwinowska-Mindur Agnieszka , Ptak Ewa , Kowalski Zygmunt , Sabatowicz Marta 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between milk β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), acetone (ACE) as well as parity and lactation stage and milk freezing point (MFP) in Polish Holstein-Friesian cows in early lactation. Additionally, we studied the relationship between milk ketone bodies and daily milk yield (DMY), fat (MF) and protein (MP) content in milk. The data obtained from the Polish Federation of Cattle Breeders and Dairy Farmers, comprised 749,894 test day milk samples, collected between 6 and 60 days in milk (DIM) from 521,049 lactations of 514,066 cows. Milk BHB and ACE were determined using the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) technology. Four classes of parities were created: first, second, third, and fourth to seventh and two classes of lactation stage: 5–21 and 22–60 DIM. BHB was grouped into five classes: ≤0.05, 0.06–0.10, 0.11–0.20, 0.21–0.50 and >0.50 mmol/L, and ACE was also classified into five classes: ≤0.05, 0.06–0.10, 0.11–0.15, 0.16–0.30 and >0.30 mmol/L. Data on MFP, DMY, and MF and MP content were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS and a linear model in which effects of parity, lactation stage, BHB and ACE classes were included, together with interactions between lactation stage and BHB classes, parity and BHB classes, lactation stage and ACE classes, and parity and ACE classes. The differences among parity, lactation stages, BHB and ACE classes in MFP, DMY, MF and MP were highly significant. There was a clear tendency for decreasing of MFP with increasing of BHB. Such a trend did not occur in case of ACE. DMY and MP decreased and MF increased with increasing BHB or ACE. In conclusion, since MFP can be measured relatively easily and is well related to milk BHB content, it may be used in the prediction of diagnostic models of ketosis based on milk composition.
Single Loci and Haplotypes in CAPN1 and CAST Genes are Associated with Growth, Biometrics, and in Vivo Carcass Traits in Santa Inês Sheep
Authors: Machado Alessandro Lima , Meira Ariana Nascimento , Muniz Evandro Neves , Azevedo Hymerson Costa , Coutinho Luiz Lehmann , Mourão Gerson Barreto , Pedrosa Victor Breno , Pinto Luís Fernando Batista 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
µ-calpain (CAPN1) and calpastatin (CAST) genes play key roles in protein turnover. The present study aimed to identify the variants in these genes associated with growth and ultrasound carcass traits in Santa Inês sheep. A sample of 192 no full sibling Santa Inês lambs was used. Fragments of the CAST and CAPN1 genes were amplified and next-generation sequencing was performed in the MiSeq platform. Variants in the CAPN1 and CAST sequences were then detected using bioinformatic tools. Withers and croup heights, body length, thoracic and croup widths, thoracic and leg girths, body depth, carcass fat score, rib eye area, fat thickness, body weights were recorded at weaning and at 140 days post-weaning, and average daily gain post-weaning was calculated. Both single-locus and haplotype association analyses were performed with the model as follows: farm (2 levels), year (4 levels), the month of birth (12 levels), and the covariate age of the animal. The fragments amplified included 4,514 bp between the 20th and 23rd exons of CAST as well as 3,927 bp between the 12th and 21st exons of CAPN1. In these regions, 58 (CAST) and 45 (CAPN1) variants were identified. In the CAST gene, the single-locus analysis revealed 22 suggestive additive effects (P<0.05) on several growth and carcass traits. Moreover, haplotype substitutions were associated with rib eye area (–0.689±0.290), average daily gain (–23.6±10.4), thoracic girth (–2.72±1.27), body length (–3.38±1.49), and leg girth (–2.84±1.37). Regarding the CAPN1 gene, the single-locus analysis identified seven suggestive additive effects, while only one haplotype replacement effect on fat thickness (–0.0143±0.0053) was detected. The results of the present study suggest that variants in the CAPN1 and CAST genes are associated with growth and ultrasound carcass traits in Santa Inês sheep, which may be a source of information to improve knowledge regarding the genetic control of these traits.
To What Extent Does Photoperiod Affect Cattle Reproduction? Clinical Perspectives of Melatonin Administration – A Review
Authors: De Rensis Fabio , Morini Giorgio , Garcia-Ispierto Irina , López-Gatius Fernando 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The seasonality of reproduction in most mammals is dictated by photoperiod, temperature and nutrition. Melatonin, mainly synthesized in the pineal gland, is generally accepted as the active mediator of photoperiod responses including reproduction. While non-pregnant heifers and cows show continuous sexual activity and are therefore not seasonal breeders, it has been suggested that photo-periodicity may influence the appearance of puberty in heifers and the onset of parturition. Further, the light/dark ratio may influence endocrine patterns of gestation and a shorter light period correlates with the incidence of twin pregnancies. This review considers specific aspects of the effects of photoperiod and melatonin on reproduction in dairy cattle and discusses the clinical applications of melatonin.