bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteochondritis dissecans and physical activity in skeletal remains of ancient hunter‐gatherers from Southern Patagonia
Authors: Zúñiga Thayer Rodrigo , Suby Jorge , Luna Leandro , Flensborg Gustavo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOsteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is a joint disease characterized by the detachment or separation of an articular cartilage fragment and subchondral bone in joint epiphyses. It has been diagnosed in archaeological skeletons worldwide but scarcely studied in hunter‐gatherer skeletal remains. The aim of this paper is to analyse the variation of OCD in skeletons of past populations that lived in Southern Patagonia during the Late Holocene, which can be useful to improve our understanding about the effects of the mechanical demands in hunter‐gatherers. The overall prevalence observed in this sample (40.5%), higher than the data reported for current populations and mostly located in the shoulder of young and middle adult males of terrestrial and maritime hunter‐gatherers, suggests that physical activity involved in both economic strategies would have played an important role in the development of OCD. The contact with European colonizers does not seem to have produced differences in the prevalence of OCD, although more dated skeletons are needed to test this hypothesis.
Area Law Saturation of Entropy Bound from Perturbative Unitarity in Renormalizable Theories
Authors: Dvali Gia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe study the quantum information storage capacity of solitons and baryons in renormalizable quantum field theories that do not include gravity. We observe that a 't Hooft‐Polyakov magnetic monopole saturates the Bekenstein bound on information when the theory saturates the bound on perturbative unitarity. In this very limit the monopole entropy assumes the form of an area‐law, strikingly similar to a black hole entropy in gravity. The phenomenon appears universal and takes place for other solitons and non‐perturbative objects. We observe the same behaviour of entropy of a baryon in QCD with large number of colors. These observations indicate that the area‐law form of the entropy bound extends beyond gravity and is deeply rooted in concepts of weak coupling and perturbative unitarity. One provoked idea is that confinement in QCD may be understood as a prevention mechanism against violation of Bekenstein entropy bound by colored states.
Physiologically‐Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling for the Prediction of a Drug–Drug Interaction of Combined Effects on P‐glycoprotein and Cytochrome P450 3A
Authors: Otsuka Yukio , Choules Mary P. , Bonate Peter L. , Komatsu Kanji 
Published: October 2020

Direct oral anticoagulants, such as apixaban and rivaroxaban, are important for the treatment and prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism and to reduce the risk of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Because apixaban and rivaroxaban are predominantly eliminated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A and P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp), concomitant use of combined P‐gp and strong CYP3A4 inhibitors and inducers should be avoided. Physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic models for apixaban and rivaroxaban were developed to estimate the net effect of CYP3A induction, P‐gp inhibition, and P‐gp induction by rifampicin. The disposition of rivaroxaban is more complex compared with apixaban because both hepatic and renal P‐gp is considered to contribute to rivaroxaban elimination. Furthermore, organic anion transporter‐3, a renal uptake transporter, may also contribute the elimination of rivaroxaban from systemic circulation. The models were verified with observed clinical drug–drug interactions with CYP3A and P‐gp inhibitors. With the developed models, the predicted area under the concentration time curve and maximum concentration ratios were 0.43 and 0.48, respectively, for apixaban, and 0.50–0.52 and 0.72–0.73, respectively, for rivaroxaban when coadministered with 600 mg multiple doses of rifampicin and that were very close to observed data. The impact of each of the elimination pathways was assessed for rivaroxaban, and inhibition of CYP3A led to a larger impact over intestinal and hepatic P‐gp. Inhibition of renal organic anion transporter‐3 or P‐gp led to an overall modest interaction. The developed apixaban and rivaroxaban models can be further applied to the investigation of interactions with other P‐gp and/or CYP3A4 inhibitors and inducers.
The current state of Bayesian methods in nonclinical pharmaceutical statistics: Survey results and recommendations from the DIA/ASA‐BIOP Nonclinical Bayesian Working Group
Authors: Faya Paul , Sondag Perceval , Novick Steven , Banton Dwaine , Seaman, Jr John W. , Stamey James D. , Boulanger Bruno 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThe use of Bayesian methods to support pharmaceutical product development has grown in recent years. In clinical statistics, the drive to provide faster access for patients to medical treatments has led to a heightened focus by industry and regulatory authorities on innovative clinical trial designs, including those that apply Bayesian methods. In nonclinical statistics, Bayesian applications have also made advances. However, they have been embraced far more slowly in the nonclinical area than in the clinical counterpart. In this article, we explore some of the reasons for this slower rate of adoption. We also present the results of a survey conducted for the purpose of understanding the current state of Bayesian application in nonclinical areas and for identifying areas of priority for the DIA/ASA‐BIOP Nonclinical Bayesian Working Group. The survey explored current usage, hurdles, perceptions, and training needs for Bayesian methods among nonclinical statisticians. Based on the survey results, a set of recommendations is provided to help guide the future advancement of Bayesian applications in nonclinical pharmaceutical statistics.
TransSynW: A single-cell RNA-sequencing based web application to guide cell conversion experiments
Authors: Ribeiro Mariana Messias , Okawa Satoshi , del Sol Antonio 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Generation of desired cell types by cell conversion remains a challenge. In particular, derivation of novel cell subtypes identified by single-cell technologies will open up new strategies for cell therapies. The recent increase in the generation of single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data and the concomitant increase in the interest expressed by researchers in generating a wide range of functional cells prompted us to develop a computational tool for tackling this challenge. Here we introduce a web application, TransSynW, which uses scRNA-seq data for predicting cell conversion transcription factors (TFs) for user-specified cell populations. TransSynW prioritizes pioneer factors among predicted conversion TFs to facilitate chromatin opening often required for cell conversion. In addition, it predicts marker genes for assessing the performance of cell conversion experiments. Furthermore, TransSynW does not require users' knowledge of computer programming and computational resources. We applied TransSynW to different levels of cell conversion specificity, which recapitulated known conversion TFs at each level. We foresee that TransSynW will be a valuable tool for guiding experimentalists to design novel protocols for cell conversion in stem cell research and regenerative medicine.
In‐Plane Assembled Single‐Crystalline T‐Nb2O5 Nanorods Derived from Few‐Layered Nb2CTx MXene Nanosheets for Advanced Li‐Ion Capacitors
Authors: Qin Li , Liu Yang , Xu Senyang , Wang Shichao , Sun Xuan , Zhu Shuhao , Hou Linrui , Yuan Changzhou 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLithium‐ion capacitors (LICs) have attracted enormous interest thanks to their competitive power/energy densities and long‐duration lifespan. However, the sluggish insertion kinetics of battery‐type anodes seriously limits comprehensive performance of LICs. It is therefore imperative yet significant to develop advanced anodes with high‐rate Li+ intercalation. Herein, first the in‐plane assembled single‐crystalline orthorhombic Nb2O5 nanorods (T‐Nb2O5 NRs) are designed and constructed via efficient hydrothermal and subsequent annealing treatment by employing few‐layered Nb2CTx nanosheets as a niobium‐based precursor. The inherent formation mechanism of single‐crystalline T‐Nb2O5 NRs is tentatively proposed. When evaluated as anode material for LICs, the T‐Nb2O5 NRs are endowed with robust crystalline skeletons and high diffusion dynamics benefiting from their appealing structure merits, and they exhibit a high‐rate capacity of ≈147 mAh g−1 at 2.0 A g−1. The lithium storage process of the resultant single‐crystalline T‐Nb2O5 is unveiled as well with in situ X‐ray diffraction analysis. Furthermore, the T‐Nb2O5 NR‐based LICs display a large energy density of ≈35.6 Wh kg−1 at 8 kW kg−1, along with exceptional capacity retention of ≈95% over 4000 cycles at 0.5 A g−1. More significantly, the devised synthetic methodology and in‐depth insights here will stimulate extensive development of single‐crystalline T‐Nb2O5 NRs for next‐generation LICs and beyond.
Food Security Concerns, Climate Change and Sea Level Rise in Coastal Cameroon
Authors: Abia Wilfred A. , Onya Comfort A. , Shum Conalius E. , Amba Williette E. , Niba Kareen L. , Abia Eucharia A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFood security is a major public health priority in Cameroon, amidst climate change and sea level rise (CC/SLR), vis-à-vis the ever-increasing population growth with associated challenges. CC/SLR, singly or combine, is well known to have severe impacts on agricultural productivity, food security, socioeconomic activities and ecosystem (environment, plant and animal) health systems in coastal areas. They contribute to natural disasters including erosion, flooding, inundation of coastal lowlands, and saltwater intrusion, altogether reducing agricultural productivity. Additionally, these disasters provoke adverse animal, human, and environmental health implications; reduction in tourism; and potential close of some socioeconomic activities that constitute secondary (after agriculture), or main source of livelihood/income for many coastal indigents. Although there are inadequate reports on the impacts of CC/SLR, preliminary reports point to negative effects on crop production and socioeconomic activities in coastal Cameroon. This chapter highlights the susceptibility of coastal Cameroon agriculture and socioeconomic activities to CC/SLR. Furthermore, it has propose agricultural (CC/SLR and non-climatic) and educational intervention socioeconomic strategies for the mitigation and adaptation to CC/SLR and for sustainable agricultural productivity in coastal Cameroon. The proposed strategies may provide a small contribution toward a wider multi-stakeholder pool of strategies and which, when applied, may enhance food security in coastal Cameroon amidst CC/SLR and promote socioeconomic and touristic activities while reducing negative implications on animal, plant, human, and environmental health.
Productivity in Agriculture for a Sustainable Future
Authors: Steensland Ann , Zeigler Margaret 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Malthusian predictions of the future have not come to pass due largely to innovative agricultural technologies and practices that stimulated significant gains in agricultural productivity. This chapter examines the linkages between innovation, productivity, and sustainability. The definition of agricultural productivity, measured as total factor productivity (TFP), will be explained, as well as the contribution of innovation to global TFP growth and the contribution of TFP to sustainable food and agriculture systems. To illustrate these connections, this chapter highlights innovative technologies and practices used by crop and livestock producers in the United States, Colombia, India, Kenya, and Vietnam. These cases demonstrate how advanced seed technologies, improvements in soil health and nutrient management, mechanization, and an emphasis on animal health drive productivity growth around the world. Many of these cases feature partnerships between the public sector, private sector, and producers where innovations and new practices are used to increase productivity, incomes, food security, and nutrition. Creating an enabling policy environment is essential for agricultural innovation, productivity, and sustainability; the chapter gives examples of public policies that stimulate such productivity: investing in public sector research and development (R&D), embracing science-based technologies, and establishing smart regulatory environments. The chapter includes a discussion of innovation, productivity, and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Innovation and the Quest to Feed the World
Authors: Donnan David 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhile global levels of hunger and malnutrition have dropped significantly in the last few decades, there are concerns that agricultural advancements and R&D spending are not enough to unlock the true agricultural innovation needed to feed the burgeoning 10 billion people. Government spending on agricultural R&D has decreased in the last decade and many of the large-scale NGO activities are now focusing on environmental and sustainability issues. With the evolution of corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives, coupled with the growth of agricultural startups and venture funds, the role of agriculture and hunger relief has dramatically changed in the last several decades. A new focus on sustainable growth, capabilities development, and innovative approaches for smallholder farmers has created an environment of continuous innovation that has replaced many of the donation-based hunger relief initiatives of the past. Large corporations are working with local NGOs and support groups to tackle global hunger on a local basis. In the next decade, we should see more socially minded entrepreneurs that will work with NGOs and private businesses to solve the issues of smallholder farming and provide the opportunity to introduce both digital and agricultural innovations at the local level to further the quest to feed the world.
The Determinants of Social Connectedness in Europe
Authors: Bailey Michael , Johnston Drew , Kuchler Theresa , Russel Dominic , State Bogdan , Stroebel Johannes 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We use de-identified and aggregated data from Facebook to study the structure of social networks across European regions. Social connectedness declines strongly in geographic distance and at country borders. Historical borders and unions—such as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Czechoslovakia, and East/West Germany—shape present-day social connectedness over and above today’s political boundaries and other controls. All else equal, social connectedness is stronger between regions with residents of similar ages and education levels, as well as between regions that share a language and religion. In contrast, region-pairs with dissimilar incomes tend to be more connected, likely due to increased migration from poorer to richer regions.
Discovering Daily POI Exploitation Using LTE Cell Tower Access Traces in Urban Environment
Authors: Han Sumin , Park Kinam , Lee Dongman 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Point of interest (POI) in an urban space represents the perception of city dwellers and visitors of a certain place. LTE cell tower access trace data is one of the promising data sources which has the potential to show real-time POI exploitation analysis. However, there is not much discussion on how it is correlated to diachronic POIs and their exploitation pattern. In this paper, we first show that the access trace pattern from the LTE cell tower can be used to discover which types of POIs exist in a certain area. Then, we propose a daily POI exploitation discovery scheme which can extract patterns of how POIs are daily used. Our analysis can provide a good insight into future urban space-based services such as urban planning and tourism.
Scale and quality of Peccei-Quinn symmetry and weak gravity conjectures
Authors: Yin Wen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The promising solution to the strong CP problem by a Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry may introduce quality and hierarchy problems, which are both relevant to Planck physics. In this paper, we study whether both problems can be explained by introducing a simple hidden gauge group which satisfies the WGC or its variant. As a concrete example, we point out that a weakly-coupled hidden SU(N ) gauge symmetry, which is broken down to SO(N ), can do this job in the context of a Tower/sub-Lattice WGC. Cosmology is discussed.
Space regularity for evolution operators modeled on Hörmander vector fields with time dependent measurable coefficients
Authors: Bramanti Marco 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe consider a heat-type operator $$\mathcal {L}$$
L
structured on the left invariant 1-homogeneous vector fields which are generators of a Carnot group, with a uniformly positive matrix of bounded measurable coefficients depending only on time. We prove that if $$\mathcal {L}u$$

L
u

is smooth with respect to the space variables, the same is true for u, with quantitative regularity estimates in the scale of Sobolev spaces defined by right invariant vector fields. Moreover, the solution and its space derivatives of every order satisfy a 1/2-Hölder continuity estimate with respect to time. The result is proved both for weak solutions and for distributional solutions, in a suitable sense.
Outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement in older patients
Authors: Kara Kaffer , Kloppe Axel , Ewers Aydan , Bösche Leif , Aweimer Assem , Erdogan Habib , Schöne Dominik , Schiedat Fabian , Patsalis Nikolaos , Haldenwang Peter Lukas , Strauch Justus Thomas , Mügge Andreas , Patsalis Polykarpos C. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
The prevalence of aortic valve stenosis is increasing due to the continuously growing geriatric population. Data on procedural success and mortality of very old patients are sparse, raising the question of when this population may be deemed as “too old even for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).” We, therefore, sought to evaluate the influence of age on outcome after TAVR and the impact of direct implantation.

Methods
The data of 394 consecutive patients undergoing TF-TAVR were analyzed. Patients were divided into four age groups: ≤75 (group 1, n = 28), 76–80 (group 2, n = 107), 81–85 (group 3, n = 148), and >85 (group 4, n = 111) years. Direct implantation was performed when possible according to current recommendations. Survival was evaluated by Kaplan–Meier analysis.

Results
Mortality at 30 days and 1 year was not significantly different between the four age groups (3.6 vs. 6.7 vs. 5.4 vs. 2.7% and 7.6 vs. 17 vs. 14.5 vs. 13%m respectively, log-rank p = 0.59). Direct implantation without balloon aortic valvuloplasty was more frequently performed on patients aged >85 vs. ≤85 years (33.3 vs. 14.1%, p < 0.001). the incidence of procedural complications frequently associated with advanced age (stroke, vascular complications) was not significantly increased in group 4.

Conclusion
Outcome after TF-TAVR is comparable among different age cohorts, even in very old patients. Direct implantation simplifies the procedure and could therefore play a role in reducing the incidence of peri-interventional complications in patients of advanced age.
Ist eine Verbesserung der Behandlungssicherheit in der Korsettversorgung von Skoliosepatienten durch Anwendung standardisierter CAD-Algorithmen möglich?
Authors: Weiss Hans-Rudolf , Lay Manuel , Seibel Sarah , Kleban Alexander 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Versorgung von Skoliosepatienten mit korrigierenden Rumpforthesen führt auch heutzutage noch zu recht unterschiedlichen Ergebnissen. Publizierte Erfolgsquoten zwischen 50 und 90 % führen zwangsläufig zu der Frage, wie sich die Erfolgsquoten der Korsettversorgung steigern und vereinheitlichen lassen. Die Ergebnisse einer mit dieser Zielsetzung weiterentwickelten computerunterstützen (CAD/„Computer Aided Design“) Chêneau-Versorgung werden dargestellt.

Methodik
Am Stichtag (08.12.2019) wurde die prospektiv angelegte Datenbank unserer Abteilung retrospektiv ausgewertet. Es waren ausschließlich unreife Mädchen mit einer Adoleszentenskoliose, Alter 10–14 Jahre, Risser 0–2 in die Datenbank aufgenommen worden.

Ergebnisse
Sowohl die Gesamtgruppe mit einem Beobachtungszeitraum von mindestens 18 Monaten als auch die Patientinnengruppen mit bereits erreichtem Behandlungsabschluss zeigten Erfolgsraten zwischen 86 und 88 %. Die Ergebnisse insgesamt waren signifikant besser als die Erfolgsrate der Boston-Brace-Kontrollgruppe (BRAIST) von 72 %. Auch im Vergleich mit den Ergebnissen anderer Chêneau-Derivate war die Erfolgsrate unserer Serie teils deutlich besser.

Schlussfolgerungen
Die Behandlungssicherheit für die Patienten mit Skoliosen sollte verbessert werden. Ein Ansatz hierzu kann die Verwendung standardisierter CAD-Bibliotheken sein. Weitere Untersuchungen mit Studiendesigns höherer Evidenz sind notwendig, um die in unserer Untersuchung gefundenen Ergebnisse zu untermauern.
Adaptive thermodynamic topology optimization
Authors: Vogel Andreas , Junker Philipp 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe benefit of adaptive meshing strategies for a recently introduced thermodynamic topology optimization is presented. Employing an elementwise gradient penalization, stability is obtained and checkerboarding prevented while very fine structures can be resolved sharply using adaptive meshing at material-void interfaces. The usage of coarse elements and thereby smaller design space does not restrict the obtainable structures if a proper adaptive remeshing is considered during the optimization. Qualitatively equal structures and quantitatively the same stiffness as for uniform meshing are obtained with less degrees of freedom, memory requirement and overall optimization runtime. In addition, the adaptivity can be used to zoom into coarse global structures to better resolve details of interesting spots such as truss nodes.
A pilot study to assess manufacturing processes using selected point measures of vibroacoustic signals generated on a multitasking machine
Authors: Deja Mariusz , Licow Roksana 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe article presents the method for the evaluation of selected manufacturing processes using the analysis of vibration and sound signals. This method is based on the use of sensors installed outside the machining zone, allowing to be used quickly and reliably in real production conditions. The article contains a developed measurement methodology based on the specific location of microphones and vibration transducers mounted on the tested object, in this case on a four-axis CNC ST20Y Haas lathe. A mobile phone was integrated into the measuring system and used to control the measurement process. The results from the analysis of vibration and sound signals recorded during different machining operations are presented. They refer to selected working conditions of a machine tool depending on switching the coolant supply on or off and different machine loads caused by various technological processing as well as the various speed of the positioning movements. The analysis was carried out using selected point measures describing the vibroacoustic signals. The synthesis conducted on the basis of results from the experiments indicates the validity of using vibration and acoustic signals, recorded outside the machining area, to evaluate material removal processes that are diverse in terms of kinematics and processing conditions. It indicates the possibility of using proposed point measures of vibroacoustic signals in the diagnostic aspects of the machine tools to achieve high dimension and shape accuracy and to evaluate the condition of the technological devices in terms of their optimal efficiency. Presented methodology can be used as a supporting tool in the CAD/CAM software for a better selection of appropriate cutting parameters and for a wireless control of manufacturing systems consisting of several machine tools.