bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women’s decisional conflict in the pathway of prenatal screening and testing: an explorative study within Finnish public maternity care
Authors: Chen An , Tenhunen Henni , Torkki Paulus , Heinonen Seppo , Lillrank Paul , Stefanovic Vedran 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To explore women’s decisional conflict in the pathway of prenatal screening and testing (PreST) in Finland and to evaluate a counseling service.

Methods
Self-completion surveys were conducted at two medical settings (screening and further testing) of PreST. Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS) was the main measure. Different types of statistical tests were used to compare women’s decisional conflict at different medical settings of PreST, and before-after pre-test counseling. Multivariable linear regressions analyzed the influences of the medical settings and other factors on women’s decisional conflict.

Results
Compared to women in population-based screening, women in further testing (before pre-test counseling) were more likely to feel well informed (P < 0.001), had increased values clarity (P < 0.001), but more likely experienced uncertainty (P = 0.040). Besides medical settings, maternal age, gravidity and previous experience of fetal aneuploidy significantly influenced decisional conflict. After counseling, screen-positive women felt better informed (P < 0.001), had increased values clarity (P < 0.001), perceived more support (P < 0.001), and had better decision certainty (P < 0.001) than before counseling.

Conclusions
Medical settings influence women’s decisional conflict during PreST. Individual counseling is effective in improving screen-positive women’s decisional conflict. This research adds knowledge and experience on developing decision-making supports across the pathway of PreST.
Assessing the utility of the Healthy Start Screen to predict an elevated Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score
Authors: Padilla Mikela M. , Roussos-Ross Dikea , Goodin Amie J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the utility of the Healthy Start Screen (HSS), which is an assessment of health, environment, and behavioral risk factors offered to all pregnant women in the state of Florida, in identifying women at risk for developing postpartum depression (PPD).MethodsThe sample for this Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved, retrospective study consisted of patients who presented to a women’s clinic for a new prenatal visit. Those patients who completed both the HSS at their prenatal visit and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at their postpartum visit were included. We focused on items 1–10 of the HSS, where patients could respond with either “yes” or “no”, and identified a positive EPDS as any score greater than or equal to 12.ResultsWomen who identified as feeling down, depressed or hopeless, feeling alone when facing problems, to having ever received mental health services, or to having any trouble paying bills were more likely to have an EPDS score greater than or equal to 12.ConclusionThe HSS, currently mandated by the state of Florida to be offered to all pregnant women, is a useful tool for identifying women at increased risk of developing PPD.
Profiting from overreaction in soccer betting odds
Authors: Wheatcroft Edward 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Betting odds are generally considered to represent accurate reflections of the underlying probabilities for the outcomes of sporting events. There are, however, known to be a number of inherent biases such as the favorite-longshot bias in which outsiders are generally priced with poorer value odds than favorites. Using data from European soccer matches, this paper demonstrates the existence of another bias in which the match odds overreact to favorable and unfavorable runs of results. A statistic is defined, called the Combined Odds Distribution (COD) statistic, which measures the performance of a team relative to expectations given their odds over previous matches. Teams that overperform expectations tend to have a high COD statistic and those that underperform tend to have a low COD statistic. Using data from twenty different leagues over twelve seasons, it is shown that teams with a low COD statistic tend to be assigned more generous odds by bookmakers. This can be exploited and a sustained and robust profit can be made. It is suggested that the bias in the odds can be explained in the context of the “hot hand fallacy”, in which gamblers overestimate variation in the ability of each team over time.
African Traditional Religion and Law-Intersections between the Islamic and non-Islamic Worlds and the Impact on Development in the 2030 Agenda era
Authors: Bakibinga-Gaswaga Elizabeth 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Religion, law and development intersect in a number of ways. Almost one-third of the world’s Muslim population resides in Africa. With a focus on Africa and taking into account Africa’s triple heritage as envisioned by A. Mazrui, a product resulting from three major influences: an indigenous heritage borne out of time and climate change; the heritage of Eurocentric capitalism forced on Africans by European colonialism; and the spread of Islam by both jihad and evangelism, this paper seeks to review the impact that African Traditional Religion (ATR) as a component of the indigenous heritage, have on the development and enforcement of law in Africa. This paper seeks to address the impact of religion on state formation, examining how colonialism, the Fulani jihads and migration have impacted on the body of law in Africa by introducing Islamic and Judeo-Christian tenets and constructs in the administration of secular states and theocracies. ATR presents itself as a lived reality, regulating the way of life, business transactions, etc. inter alia. There is close proximity between law and religion in Africa and also in the Islamic world. The practice of Islam in Africa is not static and is constantly being reshaped by prevalent social, economic, and political conditions. Generally, Islam in Africa often adapted to African cultural contexts and belief systems forming Africa’s own orthodoxies. The paper also examines how concepts of ATR have found place in the body of law through the inclusion of customary norms and usages in the law applicable, mainly through constitutional endorsement. It addresses the relevance of religion, culture to the development of the law (the intersection between religion and the law) and how the resultant body of law impacts on implementation of the law for development. The paper examines the role of the resultant body of law as a bridge and at times as a distraction to transactions between the Islamic and non-Islamic worlds for development. The paper concludes with recommendations on how the intersection of religion, law and development can better be utilised to foster sustainable development, most especially the Sustainable Development Goals premised in Agenda 2030, among others.
A bit o’ footy rabbit: Some notes on football rhyming slang
Authors: Lillo Antonio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe use of rhyming slang in British and Irish football is a relatively recent phenomenon that has sometimes been noted in passing, but never studied in detail. How is this type of lexis created? And, equally important, why do football lovers find it useful? Drawing mainly on examples from print and online sources, this article examines the linguistic features of the specialist rhyming slang of football, how it is coined and what it is that makes it so appropriate for the beautiful game. The final part of the article provides a glossary of terms and nicknames, many of which have hitherto escaped the notice of lexicographers.
Subject-Based Reading Behaviour Differences of Young Adults under Emerging Digital Paradigm
Authors: Soroya Saira Hanif , Ameen Kanwal 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThere appears a change in reading trends in the growing digital culture around the globe. The current research intended to identify the influence of this culture on the reading behaviour of young adults. A survey of final year Masters students from public and private sector universities in various knowledge domains (sciences and technology, social sciences, and arts and humanities) was conducted. The findings revealed a number of significant differences in both reading patterns and preferred reading formats among students of three knowledge domains. The findings suggest that all subjects should be treated separately when deciding on collection development and library services. This exploratory study proves that the digital environment creates a significant impact on individuals’ reading behaviour which needs to be considered by academics and library practitioners. It is a baseline study and opens many potential directions for future research.
Binary decompositions of probability densities and random-bit simulation
Authors: Nekrutkin Vladimir 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper is devoted to random-bit simulation of probability densities, supported on

[
0
,
1
]

{[0,1]}

. The term “random-bit” means that the source of randomness for simulation is a sequence of symmetrical Bernoulli trials. In contrast to the pioneer paper [D. E. Knuth and A. C. Yao,
The complexity of nonuniform random number generation,
Algorithms and Complexity,
Academic Press, New York 1976, 357–428], the proposed method demands the knowledge of the probability density under simulation, and not the values of the corresponding distribution function. The method is based on the so-called binary decomposition of the density and
comes down to simulation of a special discrete distribution to get several principal bits of output, while further bits of output are produced by “flipping a coin”.
The complexity of the method is studied and several examples are presented.
Repdigits as sums of three balancing numbers
Authors: Ddamulira Mahadi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Let {Bn
}
n≥0 be the sequence of Balancing numbers defined by B
0 = 0, B
1 = 1, and B

n+2 = 6B

n+1 − Bn
for all n ≥ 0. In this paper, we find all repdigits in base 10 which can be written as a sum of three Balancing numbers.
An extension of q-starlike and q-convex error functions endowed with the trigonometric polynomials
Authors: Altinkaya Şahsene 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this present investigation, we will concern with the family of normalized analytic error function which is defined by

E

r

f
(
z
)
=

π
z

2

er
f
(

z

)
=
z
+

∑

n
=
2

∞

(
−
1

)

n
−
1

(
2
n
−
1
)
(
n
−
1
)
!

z

n

.

$$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
E_{r}f(z)=\frac{\sqrt{\pi z}}{2}\text{er} f(\sqrt{z})=z+\overset{\infty }{\underset
{n=2}{\sum }}\frac{(-1)^{n-1}}{(2n-1)(n-1)!}z^{n}.
\end{array}$$

By making the use of the trigonometric polynomials Un
(p, q, eiθ
) as well as the rule of subordination, we introduce several new classes that consist of 𝔮-starlike and 𝔮-convex error functions. Afterwards, we derive some coefficient inequalities for functions in these classes.
Noise-enhanced spatial-photonic Ising machine
Authors: Pierangeli Davide , Marcucci Giulia , Brunner Daniel , Conti Claudio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIsing machines are novel computing devices for the energy minimization of Ising models. These combinatorial optimization problems are of paramount importance for science and technology, but remain difficult to tackle on large scale by conventional electronics. Recently, various photonics-based Ising machines demonstrated fast computing of a Ising ground state by data processing through multiple temporal or spatial optical channels. Experimental noise acts as a detrimental effect in many of these devices. On the contrary, here we demonstrate that an optimal noise level enhances the performance of spatial-photonic Ising machines on frustrated spin problems. By controlling the error rate at the detection, we introduce a noisy-feedback mechanism in an Ising machine based on spatial light modulation. We investigate the device performance on systems with hundreds of individually-addressable spins with all-to-all couplings and we found an increased success probability at a specific noise level. The optimal noise amplitude depends on graph properties and size, thus indicating an additional tunable parameter helpful in exploring complex energy landscapes and in avoiding getting stuck in local minima. Our experimental results identify noise as a potentially valuable resource for optical computing. This concept, which also holds in different nanophotonic neural networks, may be crucial in developing novel hardware with optics-enabled parallel architecture for large-scale optimizations.
Directing Cherenkov photons with spatial nonlocality
Authors: Hu Hao , Gao Dongliang , Lin Xiao , Hou Songyan , Zhang Baile , Wang Qi Jie , Luo Yu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Cherenkov radiation in natural transparent materials is generally forward-propagating, owing to the positive group index of radiation modes. While negative-index metamaterials enable reversed Cherenkov radiation, the forward photon emission from a swift charged particle is prohibited. In this work, we theoretically investigate emission behaviours of a swift charged particle in the nanometallic layered structure. Our results show that Cherenkov photons are significantly enhanced by longitudinal plasmon modes resulting from the spatial nonlocality in metamaterials. More importantly, longitudinal Cherenkov photons can be directed either forward or backward, stringently depending on the particle velocity. The enhanced flexibility to route Cherenkov photons holds promise for many practical applications of Cherenkov radiation, such as novel free-electron radiation sources and new types of Cherenkov detectors.
Crystal structure of bis [1-(phenylsulfonyl)-2-(1-(pyrazin-2-yl)ethylidene)hydrazin-1-ido-κ3
N,N′,O]cobalt(II), C24H22N8O4S2Co
Authors: Wang Wan-Wan , Deng Xiao-Wei , Wu Wei-Na 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
C24H22N8O4S2Co, orthorhombic, Aba2 (no. 41), a = 12.043(5) Å, b = 21.723(9) Å, c = 9.961(4) Å, V = 2605.9(18) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0366, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0764, T = 296(2) K.
The crystal structure of 5-chloro-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-amine, C6H8ClN3O2
Authors: Yan Sheng , Xue Mei , He Xinyuan , Wang Chengqian , Wang Zixin , Wang Jianlong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
C6H8ClN3O2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 5.066(3) Å, b = 12.775(8) Å, c = 12.587(8) Å, β = 94.060(8)°, V = 812.5(9) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0597, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1990, T = 296(2) K.
The crystal structure of (dichromato-κ2
O,O′)bis(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2
N,N′)nickel(II), C12H16N4O7Cr2Ni
Authors: Wu-Hua Chen , Gui-Xiang Xie , Qin Chen , Yan-Ming Ruan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
C12H16N4O7Cr2Ni, orthorhombic, Pbcn (no. 60), a = 13.7804(5) Å, b = 10.3110(5) Å, c = 16.4118(6) Å, V = 2331.96(17) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0438, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1111, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of aqua-azido-κ1
N-(6,6′-((propane-1,3-diylbis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(3-bromophenolato)-κ4
N,N′,O,O′iron(III), C17H16Br2FeN5O3
Authors: Xiao Jianchang , Zhou Cun , Huang Meifen , Tan Hui , Wu Qiong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
C17H16Br2FeN5O3, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 11.9307(9) Å, b = 14.8166(17) Å, c = 22.923(2) Å, V = 4052.2(7) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0750, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.2497, T = 293(2) K.
The crystal structure of 5-(2-(4-fluorophenyl)hydrazono)-4-methyl-2-((3-(5-methyl-1-(4-methylphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methylene) hydrazono)-2,5-dihydrothiazole dimethylformamide monosolvate, C30H25FN10S⋅C3H7NO
Authors: Alotaibi Abdullah A. , Abdel-Wahab Bakr F. , Hegazy Amany S. , Kariuki Benson M. , El-Hiti Gamal A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
C30H25FN10S⋅C3H7NO, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 10.9189(6) Å, b = 12.3898(7) Å, c = 13.9206(7) Å, α = 199.412(4)°, β = 110.024(5)°, γ = 105.904(5)°, V = 1631.17(17) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0536, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1471, T = 296 K.
The crystal structure of 3,6-di-tert-butyl-1,8-diiodo-9-methyl-9H-carbazole, C21H25I2N
Authors: Zhang Wei-Jun , Zeng Tao 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
C21H25I2N, monoclinic, P21/m (no. 11), a = 10.2277(18) Å, b = 7.6698(13) Å, c = 13.142(2) Å, β = 93.819(2)°, V = 1028.6(3) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0261, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0680, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of poly[μ2-diaqua-(μ2-2-amino-4,5-dicyano-κ2
N:N′-imidazol-1-ide)sodium(I)], C5H6N5O2Na
Authors: Mei Xue , Jianlong Wang , Sheng Yan , Kaixin Yang , Pengxiang Gao , Jiale Duan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
C5H6N5O2Na, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.0140(10) Å, b = 7.4328(13) Å, c = 8.9483(16) Å, α = 103.303(7)°, β = 103.719(6)°, γ = 103.634(6)°, V = 419.73(12) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0622, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1795, T = 170(2) K.
Crystal structure and anti-inflammatory activity of (3E,5E)-3,5-bis(4-fluorobenzylidene)-1-((4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl)piperidin-4-one-dichloromethane (1/1), C26H20Cl2F3NO3S
Authors: Yan Wei-Bin , Liu Yong-Jun , Hou Gui-Ge , Cong Wei , Meng Qing-Guo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
C26H20Cl2F3NO3S, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 8.5616(4) Å, b = 11.6052(6) Å, c = 14.1451(8) Å, α = 66.617(6)°, β = 82.391(4)°, γ = 69.072(4)°, V = 1204.85(12) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0460, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1206, T = 100.00(10) K.
Crystal structure of 1-(4-chloro-phenyl)-7-ethoxyl-6,8-difluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid, C18H12ClF2NO4
Authors: Zou Liu-Hong , Nie Xu-Liang , Zhao Lei , Huang Guo-Ping , Huang Jian-Ping 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
C18H12ClF2NO4, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 13.544(5) Å, b = 9.344(3) Å, c = 13.545(5) Å, β = 109.86°, V = 1612.4(10) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0393, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1058, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of octahydro-7aR,8′R-dimethylspiro[isobenzofuran-4(1H), 4′ (3′H)-[1H-7,9a]methanocyclohepta[c]pyran]-1′,3, 9′ (3aH,4′aH)-trione, C20H26O5
Authors: He Kang , Wang Yu-Xue , Ye Jiang-Hai , Zou Juan , Zhao Wei , Zhang Jing-Jie , Zhang Jin-Yi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
C20H26O5, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 7.0011(5) Å, b = 12.3136(9) Å, c = 10.4847(8) Å, β = 105.734(2)°, V = 870.01(11) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0384, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0925, T = 302(2) K.
Crystal structure of 8a,8a′′-oxybis(8aH-8,9-dioxa-3a1λ4-aza-8aλ4-borabenzo[fg]tetracene), C34H22B2N2O5
Authors: Ding Siyi , Ma Qiang , Ren Huaping , Miao Zongcheng 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
C34H22B2N2O5, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.9886(3) Å, b = 17.8995(6) Å, c = 14.3437(5) Å, β = 98.141(3)°, V = 2538.68(15) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0391, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1022, T = 100 K.
Crystal structure of bromido-triphenyl-(triphenylarsine oxide-κO)tin(IV), C36H30AsBrOSn
Authors: Lo Kong Mun , Lee See Mun , Tiekink Edward R.T. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
C36H30AsBrOSn, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 9.8316(1) Å, b = 10.8781(2) Å, c = 14.9388(2) Å, α = 102.367(1)°, β = 93.369(1)°, γ = 103.134(1)°, V = 1510.07(4) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0175, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0469, T = 100 K.
The crystal structure of ethyl-1-(N-(adamantan-1-yl)-carbamothioyl)piperidine-4-carboxylate, C19H30N2O2S
Authors: Bari Ahmed , Ali Syed Saeed , Alghadeer Abdulrahman M. , Alturki Turki , Hosten Eric C. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
C19H30N2O2S, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 6.4977(5) Å, b = 28.728(2) Å, c = 10.1806(8) Å, β = 101.549(3)°, V = 1861.9(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0460, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1213, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of bis((3-chlorosalicylidene)-ethylenediaminato-κ4N,N′,O,O′)nickel (II), C16H12Cl2NiN2O2
Authors: Xiao Jianchang , Zhou Cun , Tan Hui , Huang Meifen , Wu Qiong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
C16H12Cl2NiN2O2, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 12.5166(12) Å, b = 12.5881(14) Å, c = 19.0086(19) Å, V = 2995.0(5) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0435, wR
2 = 0.0826, T = 296.15.
Synthesis and crystal structure of 1-{4-[(3-bromo-2-hydroxy-benzylidene)amino]phenyl}ethanone, C15H12BrNO2
Authors: Jin Yi , Fu Tao , Ma Bo-Yang , Wei Ping , Zhao Ji-Xing , Zhao Li 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
C15H12BrNO2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.7848(3) Å, b = 10.0857(3) Å, c = 12.2695(4) Å, β = 111.2020(10)°, Z = 4, V = 1359.61(7) Å3, R
gt(F) = 0.0306, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0745, T = 173(2) K.
Manipulating neural activity and sleep-dependent memory consolidation
Authors: Ghorbani Maryam , Marshall Lisa 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Sleep contributes actively to the consolidation of many forms of memory. This review describes the neural oscillations of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, the structures underlying these oscillations and their relation to hippocampus-dependent memory consolidation. A main focus lies on the relation between inter- and intraregional interactions and their electrophysiological representation. Methods for modulating neural oscillations with the intent of affecting memory consolidation are presented.
Two meshless methods for solving nonlinear ordinary differential equations in engineering and applied sciences
Authors: Al-Jawary Majeed A. , Ibraheem Ghada H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, two meshless methods have been introduced to solve some nonlinear problems arising in engineering and applied sciences. These two methods include the operational matrix Bernstein polynomials and the operational matrix with Chebyshev polynomials. They provide an approximate solution by converting the nonlinear differential equation into a system of nonlinear algebraic equations, which is solved by using Mathematica® 10. Four applications, which are the well-known nonlinear problems: the magnetohydrodynamic squeezing fluid, the Jeffery-Hamel flow, the straight fin problem and the Falkner-Skan equation are presented and solved using the proposed methods. To illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed methods, the maximum error remainder is calculated. The results shown that the proposed methods are accurate, reliable, time saving and effective. In addition, the approximate solutions are compared with the fourth order Runge-Kutta method (RK4) achieving good agreements.
Modeling of tensile index using uncertain data sets
Authors: Bengtsson Fredrik , Karlström Anders , Wik Torsten 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The objective of this investigation is to analyze and model tensile index. Two approaches are used, one based on training and validation data, while the other novel approach tests models using all possible combinations of data points. This approach is focused on small data sets which have here been obtained from nineteen pulp samples at different refining conditions in a full-scale TMP production line with a CD-76 refiner as a primary stage. From each pulp sample twenty handsheet strips for tensile index measurements were performed. Initially, specific energy and the external variables (dilution water feed rates and plate gaps) are used as predictors in a modeling approach based on an adjusted

R

2

{R^{2}}

approach. Thereafter, the resulting models are compared with a combination of specific energy and internal variables (primarily consistencies) obtained from temperature measurements inside the refining zones using a soft sensor concept. It is found that specific energy and internal variables as predictors outperform the external variables when estimating tensile index.
Crack closure and flexural tensile capacity with SMA fibers randomly
embedded on tensile side of mortar beams
Authors: Jung Chi-Young , Lee Jong-Han 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this study, an experimental investigation was conducted to assess the flexural
tensile strength and crack-closing performance of mortar beams containing short shape
memory alloy (SMA) fibers, randomly distributed only on the tensile side. The SMA
fibers were mainly composed of titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni), and niobium (Nb). In
addition, the effect of tensile steel wires on the flexural strength and
crack-closing performance was evaluated. A four-point bending test was performed to
evaluate the post-cracking tensile strength. This study also suggested a proper model
to calculate the ultimate flexural moment of the SMA fiber–embedded beams.
Subsequently, a heating plate that could be installed at the bottom of the beam was
used to induce the shape memory effect and measure the closed crack width. This study
assessed the crack-closing performance induced by the SMA fibers at the bottom side
of the beams and the resistance of the tensile wires in the beams.