bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Species co‐occurrences in ectoparasite infracommunities: Accounting for confounding factors associated with space, time, and host community composition
Authors: Krasnov Boris R. , Stanko Michal , Lareschi Marcela , Khokhlova Irina S. 
Published: June 2020

1. We explored patterns of co‐occurrence of ectoparasite species on individual hosts from Central Europe (Slovakia) and South America (Argentina) within and between higher taxa while controlling for confounding factors associated with variation between host individuals and host species, as well as spatial and temporal variation. We used a recently developed statistical approach, the hierarchical modelling of species communities.2. Although the probability of pairwise associations of the majority of species in both regions did not differ from random, all significant species associations in Slovakia were positive, whereas the only three significant species associations in Argentina were negative. On average, associations between ectoparasite species belonging to different higher taxa were positive in Slovakia and negative in Argentina.3. At the host species level, both positive and negative associations between species were detected in all higher taxa. This was also true for ectoparasite co‐occurrences in the same site, habitat, or year; although the number of co‐occurring species pairs with high posterior probability was much greater in Slovakia than in Argentina.4. We conclude that consideration of species co‐occurrences across the entire multi‐host assemblage and control for confounding spatial and temporal factors provided important insights into parasite community structure.
How climate change affects the occurrence of a second generation in the univoltine Pyrrhocoris apterus (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae)
Authors: Honek Alois , Martinkova Zdenka , Pekár Stano 
Published: June 2020

1. Understanding the conditions that allow for the occurrence of an additional generation in populations that are usually univoltine is important under the present climate warming. In temperate areas, a second generation is enabled through the emergence of a time window that opens when first‐generation individuals are ready to reproduce and closes when second‐generation individuals cannot complete development before the onset of winter.2. The conditions that limit the width of this window were studied in Pyrrhocoris apterus (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae), a ground‐inhabiting heteropteran overwintering in facultative adult diapause, whose populations in Central Europe have typically been univoltine until the 1980s.3. The frequency of females of the first generation that started to lay eggs decreased from 70% in June to zero in early August, but oviposition of these females continued until the end of August. Using thermal constants for egg–adult development and temperature data, this study found that the development of most second‐generation individuals could only be completed before the start of winter if hastened through behavioural thermoregulation.4. Consequences of temperature increase on the width of the thermal window were calculated. Increasing temperature causes the time window to open earlier and close later by accelerating maturation of first‐generation females and improving conditions for maturing of the second‐generation individuals in late summer and autumn.5. Climate warming will create conditions that facilitate the occurrence of a second generation in a year in typically univoltine populations of this species.
Lifestyle habits and academy performance amongst forcibly displaced students: A cross‐sectional survey in a school of dentistry
Authors: Ardila Carlos M. , Gómez‐Restrepo Ángela‐María 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionThere is no recognised investigation examining the influence of some lifestyle comportments on academic performance (AP) in forcibly displaced students in higher education. Thus, the frequency of physical inactivity (PI), insufficient sleep (IS), alcohol consumption (AC), drug consumption (DC) and cigarette smoking (CS) and the independent and combined consequences of these habits on AP in forcibly displaced dental students were investigated.Materials and MethodsA sample of 185 students was studied (thirty‐seven forcibly displaced and 148 non‐displaced students). This cross‐sectional study used an institutional administrative database that included students' demographic features and lifestyle behaviours. Multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the independent and combined effects of lifestyle behaviours on AP.ResultsPI, IS, AC, DC and CS were observed in 51%, 43%, 83%, 27% and 16% of forcibly displaced students, respectively. Compared with non‐displaced students, forcibly displaced students presented higher frequencies for all of these behaviours (P < .05), lower AP (P < .0001) and lower socio‐economic status (P = .003). Unadjusted regression models showed independent and significant associations between forcibly displaced students and PI (P = .01), IS (P = .01), AC (P = .01), DC (P < .0001), CS (P = .02) and low AP (P = .006). The multivariate model for AP and forcibly displaced students increased odds by 4.6 times (1.5‐11; 95% CI). Moreover, the lifestyle comportments studied were also statistically significant, showing combined effects. The variables of gender and age were not statistically significant in the adjusted model.ConclusionsThis research observed high frequencies of the behaviours analysed in forcibly displaced students. Furthermore, independent and combined effects of them on AP were detected.
COVID‐19 is a challenge for dental education—A commentary
Authors: Bennardo Francesco , Buffone Caterina , Fortunato Leonzio , Giudice Amerigo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19, which appeared to originate in China in December 2019, has spread worldwide pandemically. In this commentary, authors described this new challenge for dental education using the recent literature and experience gained in the Italian University of Catanzaro.
Regional outcomes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in hospitalised patients with haematological malignancy
Authors: Booth Stephen , Willan John , Wong Henna , Khan Dalia , Farnell Rachel , Hunter Alicia , Eyre Toby , Katz Harley , Dungarwalla Moez , Chen Lucia , Browning Joe , Polzella Paolo , Gray Nicola , Neelakantan Pratap , Dhillon Elissa K. , Dutton David , Sternberg Alex , Prideaux Steven , Collins Graham P. , Peniket Andy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe sought to characterise the outcomes of patients with haematological malignancy and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection in hospital in our regional network of 7 hospitals.MethodsConsecutive hospitalised patients with haematological malignancy and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were identified from 01/03/2020 to 06/05/2020. Outcomes were categorised as death, resolved or ongoing. The primary outcome was preliminary case fatality rate (pCFR), defined as the number of cases resulting in death as a proportion of all diagnosed cases. Analysis was primarily descriptive.Results66 Patients were included, overall pCFR was 51.5%. Patients ≥ 70 years accounted for the majority of hospitalised cases (42, 63%) and fatalities (25, 74%). Mortality was similar between females (52%) and males (51%). Immunosuppressive or cytotoxic treatment within 3 months of the diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was associated with a significantly higher pCFR of 70%, compared with 28% in those not on active treatment (P = .0013, 2 proportions z test).ConclusionsMortality rates in patients with haematological malignancy and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in hospital are high supporting measures to minimise the risk of infection in this population.
Acute symptomatic seizures secondary to autoimmune encephalitis and autoimmune‐associated epilepsy: Conceptual definitions
Authors: Steriade Claude , Britton Jeffrey , Dale Russell C. , Gadoth Avi , Irani Sarosh R. , Linnoila Jenny , McKeon Andrew , Shao Xiao‐Qiu , Venegas Viviana , Bien Christian G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSeizures are a well‐recognized and often prominent manifestation of autoimmune encephalitic syndromes. Progress in detection of pathogenic neural autoantibodies has led to increased awareness of autoimmune causes of seizures. Clinical studies of patients with these autoantibodies have improved our understanding of the seizure characteristics, treatments, and seizure prognosis in these disorders. The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Autoimmunity and Inflammation Taskforce proposes conceptual definitions for two main diagnostic entities: (a) acute symptomatic seizures secondary to autoimmune encephalitis, and (b) autoimmune‐associated epilepsy, the latter of which suggests an enduring predisposition to seizures. Such a distinction is relevant when discussing the pathophysiology, treatment, prognosis, and social consequences of these disorders. We discuss the role of biomarkers in the application of these conceptual definitions and illustrate their use in patients cared for by members of the task force.
Renal dysplasia, ectopic ureter, septic ureterectasia and cryptorchidism in an 11‐month‐old Cob colt presenting with ascending pyoureter and pyocystis
Authors: Gough S. L. , Fraser B. S. L. , Rendle D. I. , Dixon J. J. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryAn 11‐month‐old entire male Cob colt was presented for unilateral cryptorchid castration and intermittent purulent urethral discharge. Cystoscopy, trans‐cutaneous and trans‐rectal abdominal ultrasonography and contrast enhanced computed tomography examinations confirmed unilateral cryptorchidism, ipsilateral renal dysplasia and pyoureter with dilatation and ectopia. While nephrectomy may be a viable treatment approach for some cases of unilateral renal dysplasia, surgical intervention was not attempted in this case owing to financial constraints and the yearling was subjected to euthanasia. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of a case of complex congenital urogenital malformation including ipsilateral renal dysplasia, pyoureter with dilatation and ectopia and cryptorchidism, a finding which has been reported more commonly in human males.
Using games for language learning in the age of social distancing
Authors: Dubreil Sébastien 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSince the COVID‐19 pandemic has led to nation‐wide school closures, the transition to remote teaching has caused profound disruption to classroom instruction. In this article, I share the impact that this forced transition has had on the redesign of the second half of a French course entitled “Gaming culture and culture of games,” to meet the pedagogical challenge posed by the pandemic, retain the integrity of the course, and provide useful tools to mitigate the circumstances. In particular, I examine how the situation was an opportunity to combine language and culture pedagogy with game design to enable students to think critically about the course content and contribute meaningful solutions to learning languages in the age of social distancing.
Deconstructing Earth’s oldest ichnofossil record from the Pilbara Craton, West Australia: Implications for seeking life in the Archean subseafloor
Authors: McLoughlin Nicola , Wacey David , Phunguphungu Siyolise , Saunders Martin , Grosch Eugene G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMicrotextures of titanite (CaTiSiO5) in exceptionally preserved Archean pillow lavas have been proposed as the earliest examples of microbial ichnofossils. An origin from microbial tunneling of seafloor volcanic glass that is subsequently chloritized and the tunnels infilled by titanite has been argued to record the activities of subseafloor microbes. We investigate the evidence in pillow lavas of the 3.35 Ga Euro Basalt from the Pilbara Craton, Western Australia, to evaluate the biogenicity of the microtextures. We employ a combination of light microscopy and chlorite mineral chemical analysis by EPMA (electron probe micro‐analysis) to document the environment of formation and analyze their ultrastructure using FIB‐TEM (focussed ion beam combined with transmission electron microscopy) to investigate their mode of growth. Petrographic study of the original and re‐collected material identified an expanded range of titanite morphotypes along with early anatase growth forming chains and aggregates of coalesced crystallites in a sub‐greenschist facies assemblage. High‐sensitivity mapping of FIB lamellae cut across the microtextures confirm that they are discontinuous chains of coalesced crystallites that are highly variable in cross section and contain abundant chlorite inclusions, excluding an origin from the mineralization of previously hollow microtunnels. Comparison of chlorite mineral compositions to DSDP/IODP data reveals that the Euro Basalt chlorites are similar to recent seafloor chlorites. We advance an abiotic origin for the Euro Basalt microtextures formed by spontaneous nucleation and growth of titanite and/anatase during seafloor‐hydrothermal metamorphism. Our findings reveal that the Euro Basalt microtextures are not comparable to microbial ichnofossils from the recent oceanic crust, and we question the evidence for life in these Archean lavas. The metamorphic reactions that give rise to the growth of the Euro Basalt microtextures could be commonplace in Archean pillow lavas and need to be excluded when seeking traces of life in the subseafloor on the early Earth.
Treatment of histoid leprosy: a lack of consensus
Authors: Bartos Gregory , Sheuring Ryan , Combs Angela , Rivlin Daniel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHistoid leprosy is a rare variant of leprosy with a unique clinical presentation and bacilli rich histology. These patients are large reservoirs for disease and vectors for spread, making prompt diagnosis and treatment crucial. To date, no consensus on treatment and duration exists. This paper aims to investigate the efficacy, safety, and duration of varying treatment regimens in patients with histoid leprosy. A systematic PubMed review of all articles published before January 2020 containing the key words histoid leprosy. All patients included must have completed their prescribed treatments with comment on outcomes and treatment duration. The review generated 165 articles containing 62 cases that met inclusion criteria. A majority of cases reported excellent clinical outcomes with limited adverse events. Regimens included variations of rifampicin, dapsone, clofazimine, minocycline, ofloxacin, and sulforthormadine with most treatment duration lasting 12 or 24 months. Existing literature is limited to case reports or case series and may be subject to publication bias of successful cases. Many reports lack quantifiable data regarding outcomes and rely on clinical judgment. Continued observation for complete clearance or relapse was limited. The findings demonstrate that multibacillary‐multidrug therapy is an efficacious and safe treatment for histoid leprosy. No significant differences were observed between 12 and 24 months of treatment. There remains no consensus on treatment duration for histoid leprosy.
Metabolomics analysis of growth inhibition of Lactobacillus plantarum under ethanol stress
Authors: Chen Xiaoqian , Wang Tingting , Jin Man , Tan Ying , Liu Libo , Liu Lihua , Li Chun , Yang Yuzhuo , Du Peng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis experiment investigated the changes in morphology, cell membrane permeability and intracellular metabolites of Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) under different concentrations of ethanol stress. It was found that when treated with ethanol at the concentration of 8% (v/v), L. plantarum mortality was close to 60%, and the surface of cell was rough and collapsed, and the cell debris is obvious. The extracellular β‐galactosidase activity increased to 1.24 and 1.73 times higher as compared to the control group after 6% (v/v) and 8% (v/v) ethanol stress, respectively. The inhibition of bacterial growth was positively correlated with its concentration. Ethanol stress can cause changes in cell morphology and membrane permeability of L. plantarum, causing physiological damage to cells. Metabolomics analysis revealed that the ethanol stress led to the inhibition of primary metabolic pathways through the suppression of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glycolysis. It is therefore proposed that the inhibition effect of ethanol on L. plantarum is achieved by inducing intracellular metabolic imbalance via disruption of cell membrane functions.ImportanceLactobacillus plantarum is often subjected to ethanol stress during food processing, production and storage, thus inhibiting the growth of bacteria. However, the detailed inhibition mechanism of ethanol on L. plantarum has not been deeply studied on metabolomics analysis. By measuring the changes of intracellular metabolites under ethanol stress, we found that ethanol destroyed the function of the membrane by changing the membrane structure, which hindered the carbon metabolism in the cell centre and reduced the vitality of bacteria. The results made a contribution for improvement of the target strain physiological and the strain industrial utility under ethanol stress.
Flow cytometry in the diagnosis of mature B‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders
Authors: Debord Camille , Wuillème Soraya , Eveillard Marion , Theisen Olivier , Godon Catherine , Le Bris Yanick , Béné Marie C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractB‐lineage lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) are rather frequent diseases, associated with specific clinical or biological features but also sometimes of fortuitous discovery. Multiparameter flow cytometry plays a major role for a rapid diagnostic indication, on peripheral blood or bone marrow samples in most instances, guiding complementary analyses and allowing for the proper therapeutic management of patients. After describing the important pre‐analytical precautions required for an adequate assessment, the immunophenotypic features of small‐cell and large‐cell lymphomas are described in this review. The ubiquitous expression of CD19 is a first mandatory gating step. A possible clonal proliferation is then suspected by the demonstration of surface immunoglobulin light chain restriction. The aberrant presence of CD5 allows to segregate chronic lymphocytic leukemia and mantle cell lymphoma in most cases. Other LPD exhibit specific immunophenotypic features. A table of useful markers and a decision tree are provided. Of note, immunophenotypic data should as much as possible be interpreted in an integrated manner, involving the patient's clinical and other biological features, and be completed by further chromosomal and/or molecular investigations.
Testing for antiphospholipid antibodies: Advances and best practices
Authors: Devreese Katrien M. J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) relies on the detection of circulating antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). Currently, lupus anticoagulant (LAC), anticardiolipin (aCL), and antibeta2‐glycoprotein I antibodies (aβ2GPI) IgG or IgM are included as laboratory criteria if persistently present. Progress has been made on the standardization of tests as guidelines on LAC testing and immunological assays for aCL and aβ2GPI are published. However, LAC measurement remains a complicated procedure with many pitfalls and interfered by anticoagulant therapy. Solid‐phase assays for aCL and aβ2GPI still show interassay differences. These methodological issues make the laboratory diagnosis of APS challenging. In the interpretation of aPL results, antibody profiles help in identifying patients at risk. Noncriteria aPL, such as antibodies against the domain I of beta2‐glycoprotein (aDI) and antiphosphatidylserine‐prothrombin (aPS/PT) antibodies have been studied in the last years and may be useful in risk stratification of APS patients. But, aDI and aPS/PT are not included in the current diagnostic criteria and testing in daily practice is not recommended as these antibodies have no added value in the diagnosis of APS. This review will focus on the technical aspects of the laboratory methods, the clinical relevance of assays and interpretation of aPL results in the diagnosis of APS.
Hot topics in coagulation testing: Important considerations for testing children for bleeding/thrombotic disorders
Authors: Rahman Marzia , George Carly , Monagle Paul 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe accurate use and interpretation of diagnostic investigations are essential for safe and effective patient care. Appropriate application and interpretation of coagulation testing can be challenging, and many controversies exist relating to the standardization of testing procedures, the application of relevant tests to different patient populations and the interpretation of test results. We present a list of the most prominent controversies in coagulation testing and have selected three specific examples (age‐appropriate reference ranges, therapeutic anticoagulation monitoring and tests of thrombin generation) for closer discussion, highlighting examples with a paediatric framework. We discuss the limitations of discrete age‐partitioned reference intervals, given the established principle of developmental haemostasis; the difficulties in establishing normative data across different laboratories; important pre‐analytical variables affecting coagulation testing; the challenges in interpreting APTT and anti‐Xa assays for monitoring unfractionated heparin therapy in different clinical situations; and the limitations in interpreting tests of thrombin generation due to current available thrombin‐specific substrates and the complicating factor of variable alpha2‐macroglobulin levels. These controversies are demonstrated using paediatric examples, but raise important implications for coagulation testing in patients of all ages and highlight the pressing need for further research in these areas.
Legal Perspectives on Solidarity Crime in Italy
Authors: Pusterla Francesca 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article investigates the political and legal dimension of Italian policy management of migratory crises affecting the European Union and member states. It pays particular attention to the tightening of migrant reception measures from 2016 until 2019. In this dynamic, it argues that the 132/18 governmental legislation “Decree‐Law on Immigration and Security” of 2018 (and the Decree‐Law bis of 2019) represents a breakthrough. The article reveals the shift of solidarity crime from a political to a legal dimension. The unprecedented movement of migrants and refugees into the EU has led to widespread claims for a EU common migratory policy based on international cooperation and equitable sharing of responsibilities. As a frontline member state, Dublin III prescribes to Italy responsibilities in rescue, first safe of migrants, and refugee status determination. Italy’s migration policy thus conflicts with its prior international legal commitments, and, for this reason, its concrete applicability is highly debated.