bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ökonomische Aspekte der interdisziplinären Plastischen Chirurgie – Veränderung der diagnosebezogenen Fallgruppen (DRG) durch Eingriffe der rekonstruktiven Mikrochirurgie
Authors: Giunta Riccardo E. , Ehrl Denis , Wachtel Nikolaus , Wiggenhauser Paul S. , Ahmad Nura 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Etablierung der Mikrochirurgie hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten eine enorme Verbesserung der operativen Versorgung von interdisziplinären Fällen ermöglicht. Gleichzeitig steigt hierdurch aber auch der Ressourcenaufwand der mitbehandelnden plastischen Chirurgie. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es daher, den Zusammenhang zwischen Erlössteigerung und Ressourcenaufwand der rekonstruktiven Mikrochirurgie an einem Universitätsklinikum der Maximalversorgung in der interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit darzustellen.
Methoden An einem Standort einer plastisch-chirurgischen Abteilung einer Universitätsklinik wurden in den Jahren 2018 und 2019 alle Fälle der interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit fallbegleitend verfolgt. Aus dem Gesamtkollektiv wurden die interdisziplinären chirurgischen Fälle identifiziert und prospektiv mit Hinblick auf die stationären Behandlungstage, operativen Ressourcenaufwand und die ökonomische Entwicklung (DRG-Erlöse vor und nach mikrochirurgischer Rekonstruktion) ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse In den Jahren 2018 und 2019 wurden insgesamt 68 freie mikrochirurgische Lappenplastiken in 64 interdisziplinären Fällen durchgeführt. 62 der Fälle erfüllten die Kriterien einer interdisziplinären chirurgischen Behandlung. Bei Betrachtung des Beitrages der Plastischen Chirurgie an der ökonomischen Entwicklung und dem damit verbundenen Resourcenaufwand zeigt sich eine signifikante Zunahme in allen erhobenen Parametern (p < 0,0001). So stieg der Case Mix Index (CMI) um 20,2 %, die stationären Behandlungstage um 79,1 %, die Anzahl der operativen Eingriffe um 62,4 %, die kumulative Schnitt-Naht-Zeit um 131,4 % und die OP-Arztstunden um 75,4 %.
Schlussfolgerung Die rekonstruktive Mikrochirurgie führt bei interdisziplinären chirurgischen Fällen, durch Veränderung der DRG, zu einem signifikanten Anstieg des Erlöses. Allerdings lässt sich auch ein deutlicher Anstieg des Ressourcenverbrauches beobachten. Zudem sind diese zusätzlichen Kosten nicht immer adäquat in der DRG abgebildet. Dies betrifft vor allem DRGs mit hoher initialer Bewertungsrelation, die durch Eingriffe der rekonstruktiven Mikrochirurgie zum Teil nicht aufgewertet wurden. Zur Sicherstellung einer zeitgemäßen, individuellen, patientenorientierten und leitliniengerechten Patientenversorgung besteht daher dringender Bedarf an einer Anpassung des (G-)DRG-Systems an den Mehraufwand. Zudem muss bei interdisziplinären chirurgischen Fällen eine klare interne Leistungsverrechnung, gemäß dem chirurgischen Ressourcenaufwand, erfolgen.
Genetische Ursachen und Therapie der Osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Semler Oliver , Kornak Uwe , Oheim Ralf , Seefried Lothar 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) ist die häufigste angeborene Erkrankung, die zu einer erhöhten Fragilität des Skelettsystems führt. Die Variabilität des Phänotyps kann nicht vollständig durch die ursächlichen genetischen Veränderungen erklärt werden. Die meisten Formen werden durch Mutationen in Genen verursacht, die die Kollagen-Synthese/-Prozessierung verändern, wobei die meisten Patientinnen und Patienten von Mutationen in den Genen COL1A1/A2 betroffen sind. Das bessere Verständnis der Pathophysiologie bei seltenen rezessiven Formen der Erkrankung hat bereits in zwei Fällen zu neuen therapeutischen Ansätzen geführt. Bei OI Typ VI, verursacht durch Mutationen in SERPINF1, kommt es zu einer Überaktivierung von Osteoklasten über den OPG/RANKL-pathway. Hier konnte gezeigt werden, dass eine Behandlung mit dem Osteoklasten-Antikörper Denosumab effektiver ist als eine antiresorptive Therapie mit Bisphosphonaten. Bei Patientinnen und Patienten, bei denen die ursächliche Mutation im Gen WNT1 liegt, bietet sich eine osteoanabole Behandlung mit Antisklerostin-Antikörpern an. Neben der medikamentösen Therapie sind die Bereiche der Rehabilitation und Orthopädie unverzichtbare Bestandteile einer interdisziplinären Behandlung.
The Potential Therapeutic Role of Proton Pump Inhibitors in COVID-19:
Hypotheses Based on Existing Evidences
Authors: Ray Avik , Sharma Swati , Sadasivam Balakrishnan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlthough the major therapeutic uses of the proton pump inhibitors are in
gastric-acid related diseases, evidences are suggestive of a pleiotropic nature
of the compounds. We comment on the probable pathways and cellular machineries
via which proton pump inhibitors could show beneficial therapeutic effects
against SARS-CoV-2 based on the existing evidences. Proton pump inhibitors have
shown antiviral potencies in various in vivo and in vitro studies. Some of the
major possible ways through which they can act against SARS-CoV-2 are by
exerting anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects, via vacuolar ATPase pumps
leading to raised endolysosomal pH and by targeting endosomal complexes. The
current pandemic has put forward a challenge to find treatment options. Although
the potential roles of proton pump inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 have been
discussed in recent publications, the clinical evidences for their real-world
effectiveness do not point towards a beneficial effect clearly yet. We suggest
that although proton pump inhibitors should strongly be considered as potential
therapeutic options for COVID-19, larger studies in the form of randomized
controlled trials would be required to arrive at a definite conclusion.
Transition-Metal-Free Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Furans via a Bu3P-Mediated Tandem Acylation–Wittig Reaction
Authors: Zhou Wei , Li Maizhan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA highly efficient nucleophilic addition–O-acylation–intramolecular Wittig reaction of β-trifluoromethyl α,β-enones is disclosed. This strategy features mild reaction conditions and provides a practical transition-metal-free method to a set of biologically significant trifluoromethylated furans in high yields with diverse functional groups.
The Role of ROCK in Platelet–Monocyte Collaborative Induction of Thromboinflammation during Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Hsu Ling-Wei , Chen Po-Wei , Chang Wei-Ting , Lee Wen-Huang , Liu Ping-Yen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Arterial thrombosis is initiated by atherosclerotic plaque damage, prothrombotic material release and platelet aggregation. Platelets are primary mediators involved in thrombosis and cooperate with vascular and immune cells.
Objective Herein, we investigated how activated platelets interacted with monocytes in atherothrombosis.
Methods and Results We collected patients' blood from coronary arteries during percutaneous coronary intervention and measured platelet activity. Platelets from coronary arteries had higher pseudopodium expression and activity in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Ribosome profiling of platelets from coronary blood mapped a vigorous upregulation of Rho GTPases and their downstream effectors. RhoA activated downstream Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK), and ROCK increased surface P-selectin in coronary blood platelets. The interaction between platelets and monocytes was observed in vitro, and was found in ruptured coronary plaques of ACS. Further we found that activated platelets promoted monocytes transmigration, which could be suppressed in the presence of ROCK inhibitors. The increased surface P-selectin on thrombin-induced platelets interacted with monocytes to upregulate monocyte chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) expression via the ROCK pathway. The expression of CCR2 was higher in monocyte–platelet aggregates than in monocytes without platelets. Finally, using the Asian Screening Array BeadChip, we identified single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associated with cardiovascular events. Notably, patients having homozygous major alleles of the RHOA SNP rs11706370 presented with higher risks of cardiovascular events.
Conclusion Through ROCK-activated cytoskeleton remodeling and P-selectin expression, platelets were recruited and interacted synergistically with high CCR2-expressing monocytes to induce thromboinflammation in atherothrombosis.
Monitoring DOACs with a Novel Dielectric Microsensor: A Clinical Study
Authors: Maji Debnath , Opneja Aman , Suster Michael A. , Bane Kara L. , Wilson Brigid M. , Mohseni Pedram , Stavrou Evi X. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background There are acute settings where assessing the anticoagulant effect of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) can be useful. Due to variability among routine coagulation tests, there is an unmet need for an assay that detects DOAC effects within minutes in the laboratory or at the point of care.
Methods We developed a novel dielectric microsensor, termed ClotChip, and previously showed that the time to reach peak permittivity (T
peak) is a sensitive parameter of coagulation function. We conducted a prospective, single-center, pilot study to determine its clinical utility at detecting DOAC anticoagulant effects in whole blood.
Results We accrued 154 individuals: 50 healthy volunteers, 49 rivaroxaban patients, 47 apixaban, and 8 dabigatran patients. Blood samples underwent ClotChip measurements and plasma coagulation tests. Control mean T
peak was 428 seconds (95% confidence interval [CI]: 401–455 seconds). For rivaroxaban, mean T
peak was 592 seconds (95% CI: 550–634 seconds). A receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the area under the curve (AUC) predicting rivaroxaban using T
peak was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.75–0.91, p < 0.01). For apixaban, mean T
peak was 594 seconds (95% CI: 548–639 seconds); AUC was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.73–0.91, p < 0.01). For dabigatran, mean T
peak was 894 seconds (95% CI: 701–1,086 seconds); AUC was 1 (p < 0.01). Specificity for all DOACs was 88%; sensitivity ranged from 72 to 100%.
Conclusion This diagnostic study using samples from “real-world” DOAC patients supports that ClotChip exhibits high sensitivity at detecting DOAC anticoagulant effects in a disposable portable platform, using a miniscule amount of whole blood (<10 µL).
Pseudotumor Cerebri Caused by SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Boy
Authors: Soto Insuga Victor , Cantarín-Extremera Verónica , Solís-Muñoz Inés , Buendía-Martínez Silvia , Atencia-Ballesteros María , Bernardino Beatriz , Ruiz Falcó María Luz 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this case report, we present the case of a 7-year-old male patient who started with diplopia and paralysis of the sixth unilateral cranial nerve after a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The cranial resonance was normal and the cerebrospinal pressure was 32 cm H2O detected by lumbar puncture. The treatment with corticosteroids and acetazolamide was effective. This is the first case of idiopathic intracranial hypertension associated to SARS-CoV-2 probably due to immune-mediated process.
Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella Pneumoniae
Authors: Geetha Pacha Venkataramana , Aishwarya Kayanam Vijaya Lalitha , Mariappan Shanthi , Sekar Uma 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroduction Fluoroquinolones are widely used broad-spectrum antibiotics. Recently, increased rate of resistance to this antibiotic has been observed in Klebsiella pneumoniae. The aim of the present study was to determine the presence of quinolone resistance determining regions (QRDR) mutation genes and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants in clinical isolates of ciprofloxacin-resistant K. pneumoniae.Material and Methods The study included 110 nonduplicate ciprofloxacin-resistant K. pneumoniae clinical isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by agar dilution methods for ciprofloxacin was performed according to the recommendations of Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute. The presence of QRDR genes and PMQR genes was screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification.Result All 110 isolates were resistance to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and ofloxacin. As much as 88% of the isolates exhibited high-level of MIC to ciprofloxacin. Among the 110 isolates, 94(85%) harbored gyrA and 85 (77%) gyrB. The parC and parE genes were detected in 88 (80%) and 64 (58%) isolates. qnrB was detected in 13 (12%) isolates and qnrS in 5 (4.5%) isolates. Two (1.8%) isolates carried both qnrB and qnrS genes. The acc (6')-Ib-cr gene was found in 98 (89%) isolates and oqxAB was detected in 7 (6.3%) isolates. One (0.9%) isolate carried qnrB, acc(6')-Ib-cr and oqxAB genes.Conclusion The prevalence of acc (6')-Ib-cr gene is high among PMQR determinants, followed by qnrB, oqxAB and qnrS.
Genetic Diversity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Asymptomatic Blood Donors in Islamabad, Pakistan
Authors: Waheed Usman , Noor Farooq Ahmed , Saba Noore , Wazeer Akhlaaq , Qasim Zahida , Arshad Muhammad , Karimi Saira , Farooq Ahmad , Usman Javaid , Zaheer Hasan Abbas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective The serological testing of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is mandatory under the blood safety legislation of Pakistan; hence, data exist on the prevalence of HIV in blood donors. However, little is known about the molecular epidemiology of HIV in the blood donor population. Therefore, the current study was designed to study the genetic diversity of HIV-1 infection in a population of apparently healthy treatment-naive blood donors in Islamabad, Pakistan.Material and Methods A total of 85,736 blood donors were tested for HIV by the chemiluminescence immunoassay. All positive donor samples were analyzed for the presence of various HIV genotypes (types and subtypes). Viral ribonucleic acid was extracted from blood samples of HIV positive donors and reverse transcribed into complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA). The cDNA of all positive donors was then analyzed for the presence of various HIV genotypes (types and subtypes) by employing subtype-specific primers in a nested polymerase chain reaction. The amplified products were run on ethidium bromide-stained 2% agarose gel and visualized using a ultraviolet transilluminator. A particular subtype was assigned to a sample if the subtype-specific reaction made a band 20% highly intense compared with the band made by the subtype-independent reaction.Results A total of 85,736 blood donors were screened for the presence of antibodies to HIV. Out of them, 114 were initially found reactive for HIV. The repeat testing resulted in 112 (0.13%) positive donors, 95% confidence interval 0.0014 (0.0011–0.0018). These 112 samples were analyzed for molecular typing of HIV-1. The predominant HIV-1 subtype was A (n = 101) (90.1%) followed by subtype B (n = 11) (9.9%).Conclusion These findings are key to understand the diversified HIV epidemic at the molecular level and should assist public health workers in implementing measures to lessen the further dissemination of these viruses in the country.
Teaching High School Physics
Authors: Wenning Carl J. , Vieyra Rebecca E. 
Published: September 2020

Teaching High School Physics is centered on the principle that teachers need to be educated rather than trained and helps to form a substantive and substantiated foundation for a new way of teaching. Providing a mix of theory and practice, these books describe more than 40 important topics and encourage an inquiry-oriented approach to physics teaching. They include numerous examples and helpful resources.
The Nature of Physics Teaching:Explores the role of educational research, teaching philosophies, and scientific epistemology as a foundation for good teachingPlaces a strong emphasis on learning by inquiryPrepares teachers with a solid philosophical and practical foundation focusing on the nature of physics teaching
Teaching High School Physics is suitable for teacher candidates, experienced in-service physics teachers, and educators seeking a detailed reference guide to the many subjects being addressed in today's teaching reform movements.
Teaching High School Physics
Authors: Wenning Carl J. , Vieyra Rebecca E. 
Published: September 2020

Teaching High School Physics is centered on the principle that teachers need to be educated rather than trained and helps to form a substantive and substantiated foundation for a new way of teaching. Providing a mix of theory and practice, these books describe more than 40 important topics and encourage an inquiry-oriented approach to physics teaching. They include numerous examples and helpful resources.
Interacting with Physics Students:Addresses practical techniques for supporting student learning in the day-to-day classroomDetails how to facilitate active engagement and cooperation in an equitable manner, manage learning difficulties and diferentiations, and other situations teachers face in the classroomPrepares teachers with a solid philosophical and practical foundation focusing on interactions with students
Teaching High School Physics is suitable for teacher candidates, experienced in-service physics teachers, and educators seeking a detailed reference guide to the many subjects being addressed in today's teaching reform movements.
The effects of glucose and fatty acids on CXCL10 expression in skeletal muscle cells
Authors: Ishiuchi-Sato Yuri , Hiraiwa Erika , Shinozaki Ayaka , Nedachi Taku 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSkeletal muscles produce secretory factors termed as myokines, which alter physiological functions of target tissues. We recently identified C-X-C chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) as a novel myokine, which is downregulated in response to exercise. In the present study, we investigated whether the nutritional changes affect CXCL10 expression in mouse skeletal muscle. Expression of CXCL10 was evaluated in mice fed a normal diet or a high fat diet for 10 weeks. In animals fed on HFD, Cxcl10 expression was significantly induced in fast-twitched muscles, and was accompanied by increased blood glucose and free fatty acid levels. In vitro experiments using C2C12 myotubes suggested that the increased levels of glucose and palmitic acids directly enhanced CXCL10 expression. Interestingly, the effect of palmitic acids was attenuated by palmitoleic acids. Considering its potent angiostatic activity, induction of CXCL10 by nutritional changes may contribute to the impairment of microvascular networks in skeletal muscles.
On Schwarzschild causality in higher dimensions
Authors: Cameron Peter , Dunajski Maciej 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We show that the causal properties of asymptotically flat spacetimes depend on their dimensionality: while the time-like future of any point in the past conformal infinity

I

−

contains the whole of the future conformal infinity

I

+

in (2 + 1) and (3 + 1) dimensional Schwarzschild spacetimes, this property (which we call the Penrose property) does not hold for (d + 1) dimensional Schwarzschild if d > 3. We also show that the Penrose property holds for the Kerr solution in (3 + 1) dimensions, and discuss the connection with scattering theory in the presence of positive mass.
Defects in halide perovskite semiconductors: impact on photo-physics and solar cell performance
Authors: Singh Shivam , Laxmi  , Kabra Dinesh 
Published: September 2020

AbstractImperfections such as heterogeneity at different length scales, static versus dynamic disorders, defects in the bulk, surface imperfections, grain boundaries, and interface imperfections of solution-processed hybrid metal—halide perovskite semiconductors are known to be detrimental to the solar cell performance. These imperfections influence voltage losses and charge transport by the formation of undesirable non-radiative channels. Photo-generated charge carriers recombine via these non-radiative channels and hamper the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Scientists are aiming to decode the nature of these defects by a better understanding of their origins and by developing novel engineering techniques for the passivation of defect states. In this review article, we explain the different kinds of imperfection and discuss their impact on charge carrier transport in PSCs through optical studies. Furthermore, we summarize the efforts made in the community to passivate these defect states by various kinds of additive engineering such as solvent additives, small-organic-molecule additives, potassium-ion additives, graded 3D—2D perovskite materials, etc. Finally, this review provides an insight into defect dynamics and passivation strategies that allows us to understand the nature of defects and helps in the development of future trends in passivation methods.
Planar capacitive imaging for composite delamination damage characterization
Authors: Gupta Sumit , Kim Hyungsuk (Eric) , Kim Hyonny , Loh Kenneth J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study is to develop and validate a noncontact, nondestructive inspection and imaging method for rapidly assessing the subsurface condition of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite structures. The method works on the principle of planar electrical capacitance tomography (ECT). Unlike conventional ECT systems, electrodes are arranged on a rectangular planar surface in the form of a grid. The volume on one side of the electrode plane is interrogated with an electric field, and the mutual capacitances between the electrodes are measured. The volumetric electrical permittivity distribution of the interrogated region is then reconstructed from the measured capacitance responses. In this work, an ECT image reconstruction algorithm was implemented, and a customized planar capacitive imaging system was prototyped. First, different objects were placed near the electrode array, and the corresponding volumetric change in electrical permittivity was successfully captured. Second, the planar ECT system was employed for detecting artificially introduced subsurface defects in 3D-printed objects. Third, CFRP specimens with different sizes of single-layer delamination were fabricated and subjected to ECT interrogation. The results confirmed that the planar ECT system could detect the location and size of delamination in CFRP panels. The accuracy and resolution of the planar ECT prototype were also characterized.
Surface defect detection of machined parts based on machining texture direction
Authors: Lin Jiangang , Wang Dongxing , Tian Hongzhi , Liu Zhaocai 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Compared with detecting the regular texture of fabrics and prints, the detection of the processed texture on the surface of mechanical parts is more difficult. To quickly and accurately detect defects caused by abnormal machining of the surface of metal parts, a one-shot machine-vision method based on a texture orientation histogram is proposed. An improved Mean-C local threshold method is proposed to solve the problem of difficulty in extracting surface texture. Using the minimum enclosing rectangle, the skeleton texture is extracted from the enhanced image obtained by the improved Mean-C local threshold. The statistical information from the histogram is used to pre-process the texture direction, and then a novel angle region growth method proposed in this paper is used to search the main texture cluster and the abnormal texture cluster of the part, so as to realize the product quality detection. Experimental results show that this method is highly targeted for the detection of surface texture defects caused by abnormal processing, which is equivalent to the average performance of a multi-angle illumination detection system, but much faster. This detection method has high detection efficiency, high accuracy, and strong robustness, and can meet the requirements of industrial detection.