bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological model for the inhomogeneous spatial spreading of COVID-19 and other diseases
Authors: Tsori Yoav , Granek Rony 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe suggest a mathematical model for the spread of an infectious disease in human population, with particular attention to the COVID-19. Common epidemiological models, e.g., the well-known susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (SEIR) model, implicitly assume fast mixing of the population relative to the local infection rate, similar to the regime applicable to many chemical reactions. However, in human populations, especially under different levels of quarantine conditions, this assumption is likely to fail. We develop a continuous spatial model that includes five different populations, in which the infectious population is split into latent (or pre-symptomatic) and symptomatic. Based on nearest-neighbor infection kinetics, we arrive into a “reaction-diffusion” model. Our model accounts for front propagation of the infectious population domains under partial quarantine conditions, which is present on top of the common local infection process. Importantly, we also account for the variable geographic density of the population, that can strongly enhance or suppress infection spreading. Our results demonstrate how infected domains spread outward from epicenters/hotspots, leading to different regimes of sub-exponential (quasi linear or power-law) growth. Moreover, we show how weakly infected regions surrounding a densely populated area can cause rapid migration of the infection towards the center of the populated area. Predicted heat-maps show remarkable similarity to recently media released heat-maps. We further demonstrate how localized strong quarantine conditions can prevent the spreading of the disease from an epicenter/hotspot, significantly reducing the number of infected people. Application of our model in different countries, using actual demographic data and infectious disease parameters, can provide a useful predictive tool for the authorities, in particular, for planning strong lockdown measures in localizes areas.
Air recirculation role in the infection with COVID-19, lessons learned from Diamond Princess cruise ship
Authors: Almilaji Orouba , Thomas Peter W 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe Diamond Princess cruise ship is a unique case because it is the place at which testing capacity has reached its highest rate in the world during the COVID-19 pandemic. By analysing data that are collected about the current COVID-19 outbreak onboard, and by considering the design of the air conditioning system of the ship and virus transmission modes on cruise ships, this study aims to raise the hypothesis regarding the role of poor ventilation systems in the spread of COVID-19.DesignThis is an analysis of count data that has been collected by the onboard clinic up to the 20th February 2020. Symptomatic infection rates during the quarantine period in cabins with previous confirmed cases are compared to these in cabins without previous confirmed cases.ResultsSymptomatic infection rate during the quarantine period in cabins with previously confirmed cases is not significantly higher than that in cabins without previously confirmed cases. Age doesn’t appear to be a cofounder.ConclusionsAirborne transmission of COVID-19 through the ventilation system onboard could explain the virus spread into cabins during the quarantine period.Strength and Limitations of the studyThe study described an important intervention measure that is ignored by national authorities to reduce exposure and limit the transmission of COVID-19 in confined places.The study reviewed the Diamond Princess cruise ship deck plans, the design of its HVAC (heating ventilation air-conditioning) system, and previous viral outbreaks on cruise ships.The study considered all other studies that highlighted the airborne transmission mode of COVID-19.The study only considered the airborne transmission mode to explain the infection with COVID-19 in passengers’ cabins on the Diamond Princess cruise ship.The study used published count data to calculate the infection rates.
Multiple Haplotype Reconstruction from Allele Frequency Data
Authors: Pelizzola Marta , Behr Merle , Li Housen , Munk Axel , Futschik Andreas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSince haplotype information is of widespread interest in biomedical applications, effort has been put into their reconstruction. Here, we propose a new, computationally efficient method, calledhaploSep, that is able to accurately infer major haplotypes and their frequencies just from multiple samples of allele frequency data. Our approach seems to be the first that is able to estimate more than one haplotype given such data. Even the accuracy of experimentally obtained allele frequencies can be improved by re-estimating them from our reconstructed haplotypes. From a methodological point of view, we model our problem as a multivariate regression problem where both the design matrix and the coefficient matrix are unknown. The design matrix, with 0/1 entries, models haplotypes and the columns of the coefficient matrix represent the frequencies of haplotypes, which are non-negative and sum up to one. We illustrate our method on simulated and real data focusing on experimental evolution and microbial data.
A novel retinoic acid analog, 4-Amino-2-Trifluoromethyl-Phenyl Retinate (ATPR) triggers differentiation and is effective in the treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
Authors: Bao Jing , Du Yan , Li Lan-lan , Xia Liang , Chen Fei-hu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAcute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), form RARα fusion genes and proteins is one of the most prevalent forms of leukemia. 4-Amino-2-Trifluoromethyl-Phenyl Retinate (ATPR), a derivative of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), is of potent functions in the induce of cell differentiation, growth arrest, and apoptosis. Nowadays, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of ATPR on this APL pathological model, and whether the mechanism involves PI3K/AKT, ERK and Notch signaling. We established a human xenograft mouse model using NB4 cells and found that ATPR significantly increased the protein concentration in the CD11b and suppressed the PI3K/AKT signaling and activated the ERK and Notch signaling in tumor tissue. Collectively, these data suggest that ATPR shows antileukemic effects by regulating PI3K/AKT, ERK and Notch signaling.
Female mice exposed to low-doses of dioxin during pregnancy and lactation have increased susceptibility to diet-induced obesity and diabetes
Authors: Hoyeck Myriam P , Merhi Rayanna C , Blair Hannah , Spencer C Duncan , Payant Mikayla A , Martin Alfonso Diana I , Zhang Melody , Matteo Geronimo , Chee Melissa J , Bruin Jennifer E 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveExposure to persistent organic pollutants is consistently associated with increased diabetes risk in humans. We investigated the short- and long-term impact of chronic low-dose dioxin (aka 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, TCDD) exposure during pregnancy and lactation on glucose homeostasis and beta cell function in female mice, including their response to a metabolic stressor later in life.MethodsFemale mice were injected with either corn oil (CO; vehicle control) or 20 ng/kg/d TCDD 2x/week throughout mating, pregnancy, and lactation, and then tracked for 6-10 weeks after chemical exposure stopped. A subset of CO- and TCDD-exposed dams were then transferred to a 45% high fat diet (HFD) or remained on standard chow diet for an additional 11 weeks to assess long-term effects of TCDD on adaptability to a metabolic stressor.ResultsDioxin-exposed dams were hypoglycemic at birth but otherwise had normal glucose homeostasis during and post-dioxin exposure. However, dioxin-exposed dams on chow diet were modestly heavier than controls starting 5 weeks after the last dioxin injection, and their weight gain accelerated after transitioning to a HFD. Dioxin-exposed dams also had accelerated onset of hyperglycemia, dysregulated insulin secretion, reduced islet size, increased MAFA-beta cells, and increased proinsulin accumulation following HFD feeding compared to control dams.ConclusionsOur mouse model suggests that chronic low-dose dioxin exposure may be a contributing factor to obesity and diabetes pathogenesis in females.
Multi-objective recognition based on deep learning
Authors: Liu Xin , Wu Junhui , Man Yiyun , Xu Xibao , Guo Jifeng 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
With the continuous development of aerospace technology, space exploration missions have been increasing year by year, and higher requirements have been placed on the upper level rocket. The purpose of this paper is to improve the ability to identify and detect potential targets for upper level rocket.

Design/methodology/approach
Aiming at the upper-level recognition of space satellites and core components, this paper proposes a deep learning-based spatial multi-target recognition method, which can simultaneously recognize space satellites and core components. First, the implementation framework of spatial multi-target recognition is given. Second, by comparing and analyzing convolutional neural networks, a convolutional neural network model based on YOLOv3 is designed. Finally, seven satellite scale models are constructed based on systems tool kit (STK) and Solidworks. Multi targets, such as nozzle, star sensor, solar,etc., are selected as the recognition objects.

Findings
By labeling, training and testing the image data set, the accuracy of the proposed method for spatial multi-target recognition is 90.17%, which is improved compared with the recognition accuracy and rate based on the YOLOv1 model, thereby effectively verifying the correctness of the proposed method.

Research limitations/implications
This paper only recognizes space multi-targets under ideal simulation conditions, but has not fully considered the space multi-target recognition under the more complex space lighting environment, nutation, precession, roll and other motion laws. In the later period, training and detection can be performed by simulating more realistic space lighting environment images or multi-target images taken by upper-level rocket to further verify the feasibility of multi-target recognition algorithms in complex space environments.

Practical implications
The research in this paper validates that the deep learning-based algorithm to recognize multiple targets in the space environment is feasible in terms of accuracy and rate.

Originality/value
The paper helps to set up an image data set containing six satellite models in STK and one digital satellite model that simulates spatial illumination changes and spins in Solidworks, and use the characteristics of spatial targets (such as rectangles, circles and lines) to provide prior values to the network convolutional layer.
Left out of the office “tribe”: the influence of workplace ostracism on employee work engagement
Authors: Haldorai Kavitha , Kim Woo Gon , Phetvaroon Kullada , Li Jun (Justin) 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate how workplace ostracism influences employee work engagement. It further examines the mediating role of workplace belongingness and moderating role of intrinsic work motivation.

Design/methodology/approach
Data was collected from 402 hotel employees from Thailand. A second stage moderated-mediation is used to test the relationship between workplace ostracism and employee work engagement.

Findings
Workplace ostracism negatively impacts employee work engagement and workplace belongingness mediates this relationship. The negative effect of workplace ostracism on employee work engagement through workplace belongingness is stronger for employees high on intrinsic motivation.

Practical implications
Hotel firms should make social connection an organization-wide strategic priority. They can include workplace ostracism as workplace harassment in their policy.

Originality/value
Besides contributing to the nascent literature on workplace ostracism in the hospitality industry, the present study extends research on workplace ostracism by empirically testing the relationship between workplace ostracism and employee work engagement. By using workplace belongingness as a mediator, a better understanding is provided regarding “why” workplace ostracism relates to employee work engagement. By introducing intrinsic work motivation as a moderator, scholars can gain a better understanding in regard to “whom” workplace ostracism negatively relates to employee work engagement.
Factors affecting women's employment likelihood in a Muslim society: the case of Azerbaijan
Authors: Aliyev Khatai , Seyfullali Javid , Saidova Narmin , Musayev Tural , Nuhiyev Farzali 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of females' likelihood to work in a Muslim society, Azerbaijan.Design/methodology/approachTo obtain more precise results, the authors analyze the relationships of interest in three different contexts: single (unmarried) females (n = 407,M = 0.779, Std. = 0.416), married female (n = 398,M = 0.706, SD = 0.456) and married male (n = 381,M = 0.378, Std. = 0.485). Linear probabilistic models and logistic regression techniques are employed to estimate regression parameters.FindingsThe results altogether display a strong positive impact of the educational attainment of both females and married males. Between the income of married males' and females' employment likelihood, nonlinear – inverse U-shaped association is found. The findings indicate that conservatism towards females' employment is not religiously opinionated, mostly due to insufficient educational attainment.Practical implicationsBased on the research findings, inspiring individuals are recommended to attain degree level qualifications. Simultaneously, the government should engage in mass media to increase awareness of the public about the non-monetary benefits of female employment.Originality/valueThe research results are highly useful for policy practices and fill the huge gap in the studies and research made on the Azerbaijan labor market.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at:https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-09-2019-0557.
Effects of board characteristics, audit committee and risk management on corporate performance: evidence from Palestinian listed companies
Authors: Musallam Sami R.M. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the effects of board characteristics, audit committee and risk management on corporate performance.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a sample of 31 Palestinian non-financial listed companies from 2010 to 2016, this study uses a generalized least square method.

Findings
The results show that the effects of board ownership, board independence, audit committee meeting, audit committee size, audit committee financial expertise and risk management are positive and significant on corporate performance while the effects of chief executive officer duality and audit committee size are negative and significant on corporate performance.

Practical implications
The results of this paper are important to policymakers, shareholders and directors of companies to make appropriate choices about the board, audit committee characteristics and risk management to protect the interest of different stakeholders, increase the flow of capital and foreign investment into non-financial companies.

Social implications
This paper fills a gap in the corporate governance literature by investigating the effects of board characteristics, audit committee and risk management on corporate performance in Palestine as one of the youngest stock exchanges in a region that assists in testing the validity of agency theory in a young and small emerging market context.

Originality/value
This paper is the first to investigate the effects of board characteristics, audit committee and risk management collectively on corporate performance in Palestine as prior research on these topics has been investigated separately.
The internationalization of small to medium-sized enterprises: do all levels in international networking matter?
Authors: Ahimbisibwe Godwin Mwesigye , Ntayi Joseph Mpeera , Ngoma Muhammed , Bakunda Geoffrey , Kabagambe Levi Bategeka 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether each level in international networking (network extension, network penetration and network integration) matters in the internationalization of small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted a cross-sectional and correlational research design. The data were collected through a questionnaire survey of 206 exporting SMEs in Uganda. The study employed a structural equation modelling (SEM) technique using partial least square (PLS) to test the hypothesis.FindingsThe findings revealed that network extension and network integration do matter in SMEs’ internationalization, while network penetration does not.Practical implicationsSMEs in developing countries need to concentrate on network extension and network integration levels to successfully internationalize their operations.Originality/valueThe study provides initial evidence on whether network extension, network penetration and network integration matter in SMEs’ internationalization in developing countries like Uganda.
Creative practice as a mutual route to well-being
Authors: Argyle Elaine 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
Drawing on the evaluation of a series of workshops in painting and drawing, this paper will assess the impact of attendance on the well-being of participants who had been identified as being at risk of developing mental health problems.

Design/methodology/approach
The evaluation was conducted by an independent researcher and consisted of interviews with group members at the beginning and the end of the project about their expectations and experiences. To complement this data, interviews were also carried out with group leaders and artists.

Findings
Workshop attendance helped to promote the mutual recovery and inclusion of participants while also enhancing the supportive capacities and social capital of their respective groups. These impacts were broad, sustained and mutually reinforcing, transcending the individual and the group to incorporate wider settings.

Originality/value
The importance of the these wider factors are often overlooked by traditional recovery models with their person-centred focus tending to neglect the context in which this recovery is located.
Triggers and strategies related to the collaborative information-seeking behaviour of researchers in ResearchGate
Authors: Ebrahimzadeh Sanam , Rezaei Sharifabadi Saeed , Karbala Aghaie Kamran Masoumeh , Dalkir Kimiz 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the triggers, strategies and outcomes of collaborative information-seeking behaviours of researchers on the ResearchGate social networking site.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from the population of researchers who use ResearchGate. The sample was limited to the Ph.D. students and assistant professors in the library and information science domain. Qualitative interviews were used for data collection.FindingsBased on the findings of the study, informal communications and complex information needs lead to a decision to use collaborative information-seeking behaviour. Also, easy access to sources of information and finding relevant information were the major positive factors contributing to collaborative information-seeking behaviour of the ResearchGate users. Users moved from collaborative Q&A strategies to sharing information, synthesising information and networking strategies based on their needs. Analysis of information-seeking behaviour showed that ResearchGate users bridged the information gap by internalizing new knowledge, making collaborative decisions and increasing their work's visibility.Originality/valueAs one of the initial studies on the collaborative information-seeking behaviour of ResearchGate users, this study provides a holistic picture of different triggers that affect researchers' information-seeking on ResearchGate.
Urban land speculation: model development
Authors: Gemeda Bedane S. , Abebe Birhanu G. , Cirella Giuseppe T. 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe aim of the research is to examine the role of property tax in land and building administration and to develop a dynamic model. The paper investigates the extent to which local governments take advantage of property tax in generating revenue and encouraging certain life cycle assessment-oriented land and building speculation patterns in Shashemene, Ethiopia.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted using case study and survey research strategies. Shashemene's administrative area (i.e. specific to four peri-urban villages) was purposively selected as the case study area. A combination of different data collection instruments was employed: questionnaires and field observation. Moreover, an extensive survey of owners of undeveloped land and building, throughout the study area, was conducted. Multiple regression analysis was applied to the analyzed data as well as the use of dynamic modeling of land and building via qualitative and numerical analysis of property.FindingsResults indicate that speculators will hold land and building for a marginal period only if the difference between present net rates of return exceeds the difference between discounted expected percent return.Practical implicationsThis paper provides a simple model to recognize the optimum length of time to hold a parcel of land and building from the market by land speculators.Originality/valueThe introduction and potential implementation of dynamics modeling to the local government calls for controlling speculation that has resulted in local revenue enhancement.
Numerical modeling of thermal anisotropy on a selective laser melting process
Authors: Trejos Juan Daniel , Reyes Luis Arturo , Garza Carlos , Zambrano Patricia , Lopez-Botello Omar 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
An experimental and numerical study of thermal profiles of 316 L stainless steel during selective laser melting (SLM) was developed. This study aims to present a novel approach to determine the significance and contribution of thermal numerical modeling enhancement factors of SLM.

Design/methodology/approach
Surface and volumetric heat models were proposed to compare the laser interaction with the powder bed and substrate, considering the powder size, absorptance and propagation of the laser energy through the effective depth of the metal layer. The approach consists in evaluating the contribution of the thermal conductivity anisotropic enhancement factors to establish the factors that minimized the error of the predicted results vs the experimental data.

Findings
The level of confidence of the carried-out analysis is of 97.8% for the width of the melt pool and of 99.8% for the depth of the melt pool. The enhancement factors of the y and z spatial coordinates influence the most in the predicted melt pool geometry.

Research limitations/implications
Nevertheless, the methodology presented in this study is not limited to 316 L stainless steel and can be applied to any metallic material used for SLM processes.

Practical implications
This study is focused on 316 L stainless steel, which is commonly used in SLM and is considered a durable material for high-temperature, high-corrosion and high-stress situations.

Social implications
The additive manufacturing (AM) technology is a relatively new technology becoming global. The AM technology may have health benefits when compared to the conventional industrial processes, as the workers avoid extended periods of exposure present in conventional manufacturing.

Originality/value
This study presents a novel approach to determine the significance and contribution of thermal numerical modeling enhancement factors of SLM. It was found that the volumetric heat model and anisotropic enhancement thermal approaches used in the present research, had a good agreement with experimental results.