bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indicators of Nursing Personnel Supply in Outpatient Medical Care in the Russian Federation during 2010–2018
Authors: Evdakov V. A. , Melnikov Yu. Yu. , Smyshlyaev A. V. 
Published: June 2020

Aim. Analysis of the basic indicators of nursing personnel supply of the population and medical organisations providing outpatient care in the public health sector in the Russian Federation over the course of 2010–2018.Materials and methods. The study was conducted using data from the Federal Statistical Observation Form No. 30 “Medical Organization Information” for 2010–2018. Descriptive statistics and comparative analysis were used to assess the country-wide 2010–2018 dynamics of the indicators of nursing personnel supply of the population and medical centres providing outpatient care, including supply with full-time and employed positions, full-time staffing, the ratio of part-time employment, the number and shortage of healthcare workers.Results. For the period 2010–2018, the number of nursing personnel in medical units providing outpatient care increased by 2726 people (an increase of 0.5%), from 542,998 to 545,724. At the same time, the population supply with nursing personnel in outpatient medical units decreased from 38.0 to 37.2 per 10,000 population (a decrease by 2.1%), and staffing of full-time healthcare workers in this category decreased by 6.5%, from 94.2 to 87.7%.Conclusions. The study demonstrates a remarkable shortage of paramedics in outpatient health care (exceeding 200,000 people per annum) over the entire observation period of 2010–2018.
ROLE OF SHGs FINANCIAL EMPOWERMENT OF SCHEDULED CASTE WOMEN – A STUDY OF SCHEDULED CASTE RESERVED & UNRESERVED CONSTITUENCIES OF ERSTWHILE KARIMNAGAR DISTRICT OF TELANGANA
Authors: G. Shankar , K. Srinivas 
Published: June 2020

The role of microfinance growing because it addresses the financial needs of the low-income population and it is also regarded by the policy-makers as an important instrument for financial inclusion. Microfinance brings credit, loan, savings and other essential financial services 60-90% of the global population who are too poor to be served by regular banks.
The specific objectives of the present study are to examine the patterns of income, expenditure and savings of members before and subsequent to joining of SHGs in select constituencies, to assess the perceptions of the SHG members on women empowerment before and subsequent to joining SHGs in select constituencies and to compare the perceptions of the SHG members on women empowerment of scheduled caste Women in scheduled caste Reserved and Unreserved Constituencies. The primary data was collected by administering a structured questionnaire to the primary members of SHGs sample of 200-member beneficiaries from Manakondur constituency, a reserved constituency for SC and 200 members from Karimnagar constituency an unreserved constituency were selected as respondents for the purpose of this study.
The data collected is processed and analyzed by using statistical test i.e., paired t-test was adopted. The mean score of the decision-making regarding income generation sample respondents in Manakondur stood at 3.60 and in Karimnagar stood at 4.19. This shows that the involvement in decision making regarding income generation has been improved more in Karimanagar constituency when compared to Manakondur constituency. The mean score of the repayment of credit by the sample respondents subsequent to joining SHGs in Manakondur stood at 3.46and in Karimnagar stood at 4.03. This shows that the repayment of credit has been improved more in Karimanagar constituency when compared to Manakondur constituency. Few members of a group should not be allowed to monopolize all loans. Large loans for a single borrower should be avoided. SHGs should enable the poor to decide the purpose of credit, size of the loan and repayment schedule based on viability of activity instead of leader’s choice. It should also monitor the end use of credit taken by the members.
David Serrano-Dolader. Formación de palabras y enseñanza del español LE/L2
Authors: del Barrio de la Rosa Florencio 
Published: June 2020

Review of Serrano-Dolader, D. (2019). Formación de palabras y enseñanza del español LE/L2. Oxon: Routledge, pp. xviii + 350.
Halperin’s Heraclean Feat: Navigating the ‘Reliable Sources’ Challenge en route to Crafting a Book ‘for all Seasons’ and Modifying the ‘Renaissance Prince’ Paradigm
Authors: Goldfrank David 
Published: June 2020

Halperin’s extensively researched, methodically logical and thought out, and clearly written, if perforce selective study of Ivan iv and his reign scrupulously devotes attention to the reliability of the available sources. The author’s leitmotif here is that diplomatic papers and chronicles, as well as polemical literature, à la the disputed Ivan iv-Kurbskii epistolary exchange, as well as the History attributed to the latter and also foreigners’ reports, can simultaneously be authentic, authorial works and factually unreliable. Halperin flags in such sources numerous statements which stand either uncorroborated by other sources, some surely not credible, such as the young Ivan as a “monster in training,” or contradicted by them, for example, that oprichnina members were totally separated from the rest of Russian society. Halperin also modifies Michael Cherniavsky’s “Renaissance Prince” paradigm for Ivan iv with an emphasis on the explosive social tensions seen for this era and the dynamics of the domestic terror which the tsar unleashed, as well as his personal religious sensitivities and political ideology. Herein Halperin perceptively grasps the anomaly of Ivan’s repudiating the lasting, state-strengthening reforms of the 1550s. This reviewer takes partial responsibility for where Halperin was misled by the ‘Kurbskii’ History regarding Trans-Volgan hermitages.
Defects of Russian Elections and Ways to Overcome Them
Authors: Lyubarev Arkadii E. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The article discusses defects of Russian elections, with emphasis on the fact that the electoral systems being used favour the regime. The system used for registration of candidates and party lists allows the state to deny access to strong candidates whose election would inconvenience the state bureaucracy. Pro-government candidates are advantaged during election campaigns, as segments of the population that are dependent upon the state find themselves pressured to participate, sometimes including outright control of their vote. Furthermore, many regions experience large-scale electoral fraud. The article suggests means to overcome these defects, including a comprehensive revision of electoral legislation.
Trayectorias sanitarias de mujeres consumidoras de cocaína y/o cannabis durante el embarazo. Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo en La Pampa, Argentina
Authors: Villarreal Marina , Belmonte Valeria , Olivares Jorge Luis , Abdala Agustina 
Published: June 2020

Introducción: el consumo de cocaína y cannabis durante el embarazo constituye un problema en ascenso, de importancia para la Salud Pública mundial. Las mujeres consumidoras pueden presentar un amplio rango de complicaciones durante el embarazo y perinatales, pero los conocimientos sobre su evolución posterior son escasos. Objetivos: describir las trayectorias sanitarias durante 4 años de mujeres consumidoras de cocaína y/o cannabis durante el embarazo, y compararlas con mujeres no consumidoras. Métodos: estudio de cohorte retrospectivo con grupo de comparación doble. Las mujeres consumidoras fueron detectadas en el Servicio de Neonatología de un Hospital público con prueba en orina posparto positivo para cocaína y/o cannabis, entre 2009 y 2013. Resultados: se evaluaron 29 mujeres consumidoras, y 58 no consumidoras. En el primer grupo, el 93% eran policonsumidoras. Las mujeres consumidoras presentaron mayor frecuencia de: antecedente de violencia en sus infancias (p<0,001), enfermedades previas (p<0,0045) y adquiridas (p<0,0007), consultas médicas (p<0,0001) y odontológicas (p=0,0002) de emergencia, internaciones (p<0,0001) y muertes familiares violentas, comparando con no consumidoras.
Conclusión: las mujeres consumidoras de cocaína y/o cannabis durante el embarazo presentaron mayores antecedentes de violencia y enfermedad, de consultas médicas y odontológicas de emergencia, de internación y muertes violentas en el grupo familiar, que las no consumidoras. Los traumatismos constituyeron la principal causa de consulta e internación. En las variables evaluadas, las diferencias entre consumidoras y no consumidoras del embarazo fueron significativas.
A Chronic Inhalation Study with Unleaded Gasoline Vapor
Authors: MacFarland H. N. , Ulrich C. E. , Holdsworth C. E. , Kitchen D. N. , Halliwell W. H. , Blum S. C. 
Published: June 2020

A chronic inhalation study of unleaded gasoline vapor was conducted in mice and rats. The gasoline employed was typical of gasoline used in the US and contained 2% benzene. Groups of both sexes of B6C3F1 mice and Fischer 344 rats were exposed to three concentrations of vapor, 67, 292, and 2056 ppm. Exposures were for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week, for periods ranging from 103 to 113 weeks. Interim sacrifices were conducted at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months. Laboratory studies, including hematological and biochemical determinations, were performed on rats at the interim sacrifices and at termination. Histopathological studies were conducted on both species at every interval. No consistent compound-related changes were seen in pharmacotoxic signs, mortality, hematological, or biochemical indices in either species. Significant depression of body weight gain was seen in both sexes of rats and male mice exposed to the highest level of gasoline vapor. On gross necropsy, a compound-related increase in liver nodules and masses was seen in female mice exposed to the high level. The most interesting observations were made on histopathological examination of the rats' tissues, and, of these, pathological changes in the kidneys were the most striking. Renal carcinomas or sarcomas, in the cortex or near the renal poles, were seen in the male rats at all dose levels, with some evidence of a dose-response relationship. One female rat in the intermediate dose group exhibited a renal sarcoma. Two mice had renal tumors, considered to be spontaneous neoplasms. Mention is made of new studies that have been prompted by the present findings.
Age-Related Features of the Relationship Between Sociometric Status and Mental States of Children
Authors: Krasnova Svetlana Gurevna 
Published: June 2020

The article is devoted to identifying the relationship between mental states and the sociometric status of children in a group at preschool educational institutions. In is noted that determining the relationship between mental states and status characteristics is important in understanding the mechanisms of children's development in ontogenesis and is associated with the need to ensure emotional well-being and successful socialization of a child.
The psychodiagnostic methods, adequate research goals, methods of statistical processing of experimental data (criterion r – Pearson correlation coefficient, multifunctional difference criterion φ – Fisher’s angular transformation) were applied during investigational study.
The results of correlation analysis are presented in the article. The analysis of correlations allowed to identify pervasive and specific, peculiar only to a certain age stage of development, negative and positive mental states of children, depending on their status characteristics. The data obtained in the course of the study significantly enrich the existing ideas about the characteristics of preschoolers with different sociometric status. It is concluded that the presence of statistically significant differences in the frequency of manifestations of mental states allowed to determine the specifics of socio-psychological features of the states of children of different status groups. The need to take into account these ideas is associated with the fact that mental formations formed at this age are stable and persist for many years, determining the further development of the child. Negative states, creating a vicious circle, can have a negative impact on the formation of the child's relationship system in a group of peers.
Potensi Ekologis dan Ekonomis Kerang Bulu (Anadara antiquata) di Desa Sebong Pereh Kabupaten Bintan
Authors: Fitri Nurul , Ulfah Fitria , Apriadi Tri 
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi ekologis dan ekonomis kerang bulu (Anadara antiquata) dan potensi ekonomis pemanfaatan Kerang bulu (A. antiquata) di Desa Sebong Pereh Bintan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Januari 2018. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengambil sampel kerang bulu adalah Random sampling sebanyak 30 titik diperairan Desa Sebong Pereh Bintan. Teknik wawancara yang digunakan adalah Snowball sampling (bola salju), dimana responden yang dibutuhkan untuk peneliti pemula adalah minimal 30 orang. Pemanfaatan ekonomis Kerang bulu (A. antiquata) menggunakan rumus CPUE dan menghitung nilai manfaat langsung Kerang bulu (A. antiquata) di desa Sebong Pereh Bintan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata kelimpahan Kerang bulu (A. antiquata) di desa Sebong Pereh berkisar 5700 ind/ha dan kelimpahan Kerang bulu (A. antiquata) di desa Sebong Pereh Bintan tergolong sedang. Kondisi perairan di desa Sebong Pereh masih memenuhi baku mutu sehingga mendukung kehidupan Kerang bulu (A. antiquata). Total rata-rata hasil tangkapan berkisar 509,75 kg/minggu dengan rata-rata 51 trip/minggu. Pendapatan rata-rata nelayan Kerang bulu (A. antiquata) berkisar Rp. 339.833,-/bulan atau jika diakumulasikan berkisar Rp. 4.078.000,-/tahun. Penelitian lanjutan diperlukan terkait dengan analisis pertumbuhan Kerang bulu dengan data panjang berat, kajian stok kerang bulu (A. antiquata), dan pemanfaatan Kerang bulu (A. antiquata) pada saat musim teduh.
Seizure and neuropsychological outcomes in a large series of selective amygdalohippocampectomies with a minimally invasive subtemporal approach
Authors: Whiting Alexander C. , Chen Tsinsue , Swanson Kyle I. , Walker Corey T. , Godzik Jakub , Catapano Joshua S. , Smith Kris A. 
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVE
Debate continues over proper surgical treatment for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). Few large comprehensive studies exist that have examined outcomes for the subtemporal selective amygdalohippocampectomy (sSAH) approach. This study describes a minimally invasive technique for sSAH and examines seizure and neuropsychological outcomes in a large series of patients who underwent sSAH for MTLE.

METHODS
Data for 152 patients (94 women, 61.8%; 58 men, 38.2%) who underwent sSAH performed by a single surgeon were retrospectively reviewed. The sSAH technique involves a small, minimally invasive opening and preserves the anterolateral temporal lobe and the temporal stem.

RESULTS
All patients in the study had at least 1 year of follow-up (mean [SD] 4.52 [2.57] years), of whom 57.9% (88/152) had Engel class I seizure outcomes. Of the patients with at least 2 years of follow-up (mean [SD] 5.2 [2.36] years), 56.5% (70/124) had Engel class I seizure outcomes. Preoperative and postoperative neuropsychological test results indicated no significant change in intelligence, verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, attention and processing, cognitive flexibility, visuospatial memory, or mood. There was a significant change in word retrieval regardless of the side of surgery and a significant change in verbal memory in patients who underwent dominant-side resection (p < 0.05). Complication rates were low, with a 1.3% (2/152) permanent morbidity rate and 0.0% mortality rate.

CONCLUSIONS
This study reports a large series of patients who have undergone sSAH, with a comprehensive presentation of a minimally invasive technique. The sSAH approach described in this study appears to be a safe, effective, minimally invasive technique for the treatment of MTLE.
Isolated severe blunt traumatic brain injury: effect of obesity on outcomes
Authors: Cone Jennifer T. , Benjamin Elizabeth R. , Alfson Daniel B. , Demetriades Demetrios 
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVE
Obesity has been widely reported to confer significant morbidity and mortality in both medical and surgical patients. However, contemporary data indicate that obesity may confer protection after both critical illness and certain types of major surgery. The authors hypothesized that this “obesity paradox” may apply to patients with isolated severe blunt traumatic brain injuries (TBIs).

METHODS
The Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) database was queried for patients with isolated severe blunt TBI (head Abbreviated Injury Scale [AIS] score 3–5, all other body areas AIS < 3). Patient data were divided based on WHO classification levels for BMI: underweight (< 18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2), obesity class 1 (30.0–34.9 kg/m2), obesity class 2 (35.0–39.9 kg/m2), and obesity class 3 (≥ 40.0 kg/m2). The role of BMI in patient outcomes was assessed using regression models.

RESULTS
In total, 103,280 patients were identified with isolated severe blunt TBI. Data were excluded for patients aged < 20 or > 89 years or with BMI < 10 or > 55 kg/m2 and for patients who were transferred from another treatment center or who showed no signs of life upon presentation, leaving data from 38,446 patients for analysis. Obesity was not found to confer a survival advantage on univariate analysis. On multivariate analysis, underweight patients as well as obesity class 1 and 3 patients had a higher rate of mortality (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.48–2.34; OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.01–1.37; and OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.03–1.93, respectively). Increased obesity class was associated with an increased risk of respiratory complications (obesity class 1: OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.03–1.37; obesity class 2: OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.05–1.62; obesity class 3: OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.18–2.05) and thromboembolic complications (overweight: OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.16–1.76; obesity class 1: OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.11–1.88; obesity class 2: OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.05–2.29) despite a decreased risk of overall complications (obesity class 2: OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.92; obesity class 3: OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.72–0.97). Underweight patients had a significantly increased risk of overall complications (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.24–1.57).

CONCLUSIONS
Although there was an obesity-associated decrease in overall complications, the study data did not demonstrate a paradoxical protective effect of obesity on mortality after isolated severe blunt TBI. Obese patients with isolated severe blunt TBI are at increased risk of respiratory and venous thromboembolic complications. However, underweight patients appear to be at highest risk after severe blunt TBI, with significantly increased risks of morbidity and mortality.
Difference in imaging biomarkers between transient and permanent neurological deficits after endovascular treatment of cerebrovascular aneurysms
Authors: Li Yiping , Kim Jason , Simpson Dustin , Aagaard-Kienitz Beverly , Niemann David , Esene Ignatius N. , Ahmed Azam 
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVE
The literature suggests that blood-brain barrier disruption (BBBD) plays a significant role in the development of neurological events in patients with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) that is negative for lesions. In this prospective, single-center cohort study, the authors compared the imaging characteristics of patients suffering transient neurological events (TNEs) with those in patients suffering permanent neurological events (PNEs) after having undergone elective embolization of unruptured intracranial aneurysms.

METHODS
This prospective cohort study was conducted between July 2016 and June 2019. Inclusion criteria were adults undergoing elective neuroendovascular procedures and the absence of contraindications to MRI. All subjects underwent brain MRI including postcontrast FLAIR (pcFLAIR) sequences for evaluation of BBBD within 24 hours postprocedure.

RESULTS
In total, 128 patients harboring 133 unruptured aneurysms were enrolled, 109 of whom (85.2%) showed some degree of BBBD on pcFLAIR MRI and 50 of whom (39.1%) suffered an ischemic insult per DWI. In total, 23 patients (18%) suffered neurological complications, 16 of which (12.5%) were TNEs and 7 of which (5.5%) were PNEs. The median extent of BBBD was focal in asymptomatic patients as compared to hemispheric and lobar in the TNE and PNE groups, respectively (p < 0.001). The American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification predicted the extent of BBBD (p = 0.046).
Lesions on DWI were noted in 34 asymptomatic patients (32.4%) compared to 9 patients (56.3%) with TNEs and all 7 patients (100%) with PNEs (p < 0.001). The median number of DWI lesions was 0 (range 0–18 lesions) in the asymptomatic group compared to 1.5 (range 0–8 lesions) and 8 (range 1–13 lesions) in the TNE and PNE groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Smoking (p = 0.008), older age (p = 0.002), and longer surgery (p = 0.006) were positively associated with the number of lesions on DWI.
On multivariate analysis, intraarterial verapamil (p = 0.02, OR 8.01, 95% CI 1.35–47.43) and extent of BBBD (p < 0.001, OR 58.58, 95% CI 9.48–361.84) were positively associated with the development of TNEs, while intravenous infusion of midazolam during surgery (p = 0.02, OR 6.03, 95% CI 1.29–28.20) was negatively associated. An increased number of lesions on DWI was the only significant predictor for the development of PNEs (p < 0.001, OR 49.85, 95% CI 5.56–447.10).

CONCLUSIONS
An increasing extent of BBBD was associated with the development of TNEs, whereas an increasing number of lesions on DWI was significantly associated with the development of PNEs. BBBD imaging using pcFLAIR may serve as a valuable biomarker for detecting subtle cerebral ischemia and stratifying the risk for ischemic events.
Gamma Knife radiosurgery as a primary treatment for central neurocytoma
Authors: Jeon Chiman , Cho Kyung Rae , Choi Jung Won , Kong Doo-Sik , Seol Ho Jun , Nam Do-Hyun , Lee Jung-Il 
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVE
This study was performed to evaluate the role of Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) as a primary treatment for central neurocytomas (CNs).

METHODS
The authors retrospectively assessed the treatment outcomes of patients who had undergone primary treatment with GKRS for CNs in the period between December 2001 and December 2018. The diagnosis of CN was based on findings on neuroimaging studies. The electronic medical records were retrospectively reviewed for additional relevant preoperative data, and clinical follow-up data had been obtained during office evaluations of the treated patients. All radiographic data were reviewed by a dedicated neuroradiologist.

RESULTS
Fourteen patients were treated with GKRS as a primary treatment for CNs in the study period. Seven patients (50.0%) were asymptomatic at initial presentation, and 7 (50.0%) presented with headache. Ten patients (71.4%) were treated with GKRS after the diagnosis of CN based on characteristic MRI findings. Four patients (28.6%) initially underwent either stereotactic or endoscopic biopsy before GKRS. The median tumor volume was 3.9 cm3 (range 0.46–18.1 cm3). The median prescription dose delivered to the tumor margin was 15 Gy (range 5.5–18 Gy). The median maximum dose was 30 Gy (range 11–36 Gy). Two patients were treated with fractionated GKRS, one with a prescription dose of 21 Gy in 3 fractions and another with a dose of 22 Gy in 4 fractions. Control of tumor growth was achieved in all 14 patients. The median volume reduction was 26.4% (range 0%–78.3%). Transient adverse radiation effects were observed in 2 patients but resolved with improvement in symptoms. No recurrences were revealed during the follow-up period, which was a median of 25 months (range 12–89 months).

CONCLUSIONS
Primary GKRS for CNs resulted in excellent tumor control rates without recurrences. These results suggest that GKRS may be a viable treatment option for patients with small- to medium-sized or incidental CNs.