bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
APPROACHES TO THE FORMATION OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPORT SYSTEM
Authors: Efimova Olga , Makeeva Elena , Dmitrieva Elizaveta 
Published: November 2020

The world economy as an integrated system has limited growth limits, natural resources are limited, so a new concept of sustainable economic development has emerged, based on a balance of the economy, social goals and ecology. Sustainable development is the development of the country's economy and the global system in which current needs are met without compromising future opportunities. The rapid development of transport infrastructure creates the prerequisites for the sustainable development of centers of macro and microeconomic growth and helps to reveal their potential in the future.
The article considers the role of transport as an additional priority for sustainable development at the macro level and the types / functions of connectivity of economic growth centers in the sectoral and regional aspects.
In turn, the concept of sustainable development of the transport system involves taking into account the features of the transport system as an object of increased danger and a high degree of influence on the main priorities of sustainable development (economic growth, social system and ecology) of the macroeconomics. It was noted that, on the one hand, the transport system, being part of the country's macroeconomic system, affects the priorities of its sustainable development, and on the other hand, has independent priorities for sustainable development in the field of economic growth and efficiency, social potential and environmental aspects, including issues of ensuring security.
ACNE PREVALENCE, AWARENESS AND PERCEPTION AMONG YOUNG POPULATION
Authors: Šniepienė Gražina , Jankauskienė Rita 
Published: November 2020

Background. Acne is a very common dermatological condition, very few studies have been done regarding the knowledge, beliefs, and perceptions about the various treatment modalities and causative factors (nutrition, medication, cosmetics, pollutants, psychological and lifestyle factors and etc.) of acne.
Methods. A quantitative written survey was performed. Survey sample – 451 young people 18-34 years old. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0, calculated percentage frequencies, mean and standard deviation (SD), Pearson’s Chi Square test was used to detect statistically significant differences and correlation analysis was performed using the Spearman correlation.
Results. The study shows that acne affects 49.9% of the surveyed young people. The prevalence of acne depends on the type of skin, tendency to have skin imperfections and genetic factors. Awareness and perception of skin care, factors affecting the occurrence of acne, and treatments used do not depend on the age of respondents.
Conclusions. Young people lack professional knowledge of acne, skin care, and acne-provoking factors. They should take care of themselves, choose the right information from reliable sources and seek the help of specialists. Identifying the negative exogenous and endogenous factors and thus reducing their impact are mandatory for an adequate acne management.
CHANGES IN THE INTENSITY OF FREE RADICAL LIPID OXIDATION IN PATIENTS WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA WITH CONCOMITANT CHRONIC NON-CALCULOUS CHOLECYSTITIS
Authors: Dudka Tetiana , Mandryk Olha , Rachynska Ivanna , Rachynska Ivanna , Marfiuk Zakhar 
Published: November 2020

INTRODUCTION: The incidence rate of chronic non-calculous cholecystitis (CNCC) in the population is 35-38%, and in elderly patients it reaches to 65-72%. Free radical lipid oxidation (FRLO) plays a significant role in the development and progression of bronchial asthma (BA). The initiators of FRLO excessive activation can be the following: hypoxia, inflammation, immune damage to membranes and the imperfection of the antioxidant defense.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the intensity of FRLO processes in patients with BA and comorbid CNCC, and patients with BA and CNCC each without any comorbidities..
METHODS: The study was performed on 92 patients: 30 patients with BA (group 1), 30 patients with BA and comorbid CNCC (group 2), and 32 patients with CNCC (group 3). The control group consisted of 30 practically healthy persons (PHP). The number of compounds with isolated double bonds (IDB), diene conjugates (DC), ketodienes and conjugated trienes (K/CT), and malonic aldehyde (MA) in erythrocytes and blood plasma were determined.
RESULTS: In groups 1, 2, and 3, the content of IDB was higher in comparison with PHP by 1.4, 1.7, and 1.6 times respectively. In group 1, plasma K/CT was 12.0% higher, and DC was 1.5 times higher compared to the PHP group. In group 2, DC and K/CT were higher by 1.7 times and by 21.7% as compared with PHP. In group 1, plasma MA and red blood cell MA were higher by 18.0% and 29.8%. The highest content of plasma MA and red blood cell MA in group 2 of patients was 69.8% and 54.3% respectively. In group 3, plasma MA was 34.7% higher, and red blood cell MA was 44.4% higher compared to the normal values.
CONCLUSIONS: Intensification of FRLO processes leads to disruption of microcirculation and metabolic processes in the bronchial epithelium, supports local inflammatory process in the gallbladder and bronchi and promotes inhibition of tissue respiration with increased tissue hypoxia, which, in turn, leads to the progression of broncho-obstruction.
EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AS PART OF THE STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT STYLE IN THE PRE-HIGH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN ALBANIA
Authors: Kallciu Nada , Cakaj Rovena , Papa Bruna 
Published: November 2020

In today’s modern world, emotional intelligence (EI) has a strong connection in the work environment and it is considered to be one of the key factors in the well-functioning of institutions, especially of educational ones.
The main aim of this study is to identify, whether the directors of the schools of the pre-high educational system in Albania are aware of the concept of emotional intelligence, are trained and if they implement it in their leading style, in order to achieve an overall success in schools. The study also aims to identify the differences between new and senior principals in using EI.
The research methodology is quantitative, 183 questionnaires were filled in by teachers in 11 different schools of the pre high educational institutions in Tirana.
The instrument used consists of 40 standard statements that cover all five characteristics of the emotional intelligence: self-awareness, self-control, motivation, empathy and social skills, by analyzing the level of agreement in a 1-5 Likert scale.
The study has shown that principals and teachers of the pre high educational system in Albania have no knowledge on emotional intelligence and as a result they do not implement it. The principals do possess some elements of emotional intelligence as a part of their soft skills, but they are not aware of them and do not use them in increasing the teachers’ work satisfaction.
Also, there is no difference in the usage of emotional intelligence between young and senior principals, apart from the fact that the seniors have better developed soft skills. This would help them to come closer to the characteristics of emotional intelligence.
The results of the study imply some recommendations for policy makers, school’s principals and mentor teachers in increasing the use of emotional intelligence in the pre high educational system in Albania. The results confirm the necessity to train the principals about the latest news in the field of education, ethics, communication and leadership with a focus on raising leadership within the focus of Emotional Intelligence. The ministry of Education, Sport and Youth should design policies for the professional development of leaders and teachers in accordance with new management strategies such as emotional intelligence.
UNESCO AND ITS FINANCIAL STABILITY AFTER MEMBERSHIP CHANGES
Authors: Moška Marek , Plavčan Peter 
Published: November 2020

The paper presents an overview of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) describing the current standing of this important international organization in terms of its global competences and performance of specialized activities in the fields of culture, cultural heritage, education, science, scientific cooperation and other areas based on international documents.
The paper describes the origin and development of UNESCO and the international documents adopted to regulate its standing and operations. It deals in more detail with the historical establishment and development of this global organization and its activities based on international documents such as the United Nations Charter and the UNESCO Constitution. It compares the long-term objectives of the organization concerning respect for human rights, justice and democracy and the arguments of current and former Member States concerning their fulfilment.
The paper also considers the organization’s financial mechanism with special regard for the issue of Member States’ membership fees. In addition to the current state of UNESCO funding, it considers the possible impacts on its activities following membership changes and the withdrawal of some states from the organization and the subsequent decrease in the available funding for its activities.
THE COMPARISON OF PIRLS, TIMSS, AND PISA EDUCATIONAL RESULTS IN MEMBER STATES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: Plavčan Peter 
Published: November 2020

The PIRLS (Progress in International Reading Literacy Study), TIMSS (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study), and PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) have become gold standards for the international comparison of children’s performances, when aged 10 and 15 years.
This paper focuses on secondary analysis of basic statistical indicators on reading literacy (PIRLS), as well as the mathematics and scientific literacy (TIMSS) of pupils at 10 years of age, followed by their reading, mathematics and scientific literacy at 15 years of age (PISA). It compares the pupils’ main educational results in PIRLS and TIMSS with their PSA results. PIRLS, TIMSS, and PISA help to identify key problems within pupils’ educational levels in these selected literacies and create effective educational policy measures.
One aspect of the comparison within the research paper is the aggregate indicator; this is the arithmetic mean of PIRLS and TIMSS results, using pupils’ PIRLS results from 2001, 2006, 2011 and 2016, and TIMSS results from 2007, 2011 and 2015. The other aspect of the comparison is the aggregate indicator; which is the arithmetic mean of pupils’ PISA results for 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015. A significant relationship was found to exist between the arithmetic mean of pupils’ PIRLS, TIMSS, and PISA results.
Political and professional policy decisions within schooling affect the early years of pupils’ school attendance. This has a significant impact on their future education at all levels of schooling. The findings of this paper support a hypothesis regarding the effects of pupils’ educational performance and the need for measures to improve education in schools that should be adopted on an ongoing basis.
Characterisation of 22445 patients attending UK emergency departments with suspected COVID-19 infection: Observational cohort study
Authors: Goodacre Steve , Thomas Ben , Lee Ellen , Sutton Laura , Loban Amanda , Waterhouse Simon , Simmonds Richard , Biggs Katie , Marincowitz Carl , Schutter Jose , Connelly Sarah , Sheldon Elena , Hall Jamie , Young Emma , Bentley Andrew , Challen Kirsty , Fitzsimmons Chris , Harris Tim , Lecky Fiona , Lee Andrew , Maconochie Ian , Walter Darren 
Published: November 2020

Background
Hospital emergency departments play a crucial role in the initial assessment and management of suspected COVID-19 infection. This needs to be guided by studies of people presenting with suspected COVID-19, including those admitted and discharged, and those who do not ultimately have COVID-19 confirmed. We aimed to characterise patients attending emergency departments with suspected COVID-19, including subgroups based on sex, ethnicity and COVID-19 test results.

Methods and findings
We undertook a mixed prospective and retrospective observational cohort study in 70 emergency departments across the United Kingdom (UK). We collected presenting data from 22445 people attending with suspected COVID-19 between 26 March 2020 and 28 May 2020. Outcomes were admission to hospital, COVID-19 result, organ support (respiratory, cardiovascular or renal), and death, by record review at 30 days. Mean age was 58.4 years, 11200 (50.4%) were female and 11034 (49.6%) male. Adults (age >16 years) were acutely unwell (median NEWS2 score of 4), frequently had limited performance status (46.9%) and had high rates of admission (67.1%), COVID-19 positivity (31.2%), organ support (9.8%) and death (15.5%). Children had much lower rates of admission (27.4%), COVID-19 positivity (1.2%), organ support (1.4%) and death (0.3%). Similar numbers of men and women presented to the ED, but men were more likely to be admitted (72.9% v 61.4%), require organ support (12.2% v 7.7%) and die (18.2% v 13.0%). Black or Asian adults tended to be younger than White adults (median age 54, 50 and 67 years), were less likely to have impaired performance status (43.1%, 26.8% and 51.6%), be admitted to hospital (60.8%, 57.3%, 69.6%) or die (11.6%, 11.2%, 16.4%), but were more likely to require organ support (15.9%, 14.3%, 8.9%) or have a positive COVID-19 test (40.8%, 42.1%, 30.0%). Adults admitted with suspected and confirmed COVID-19 had similar age, performance status and comorbidities (except chronic lung disease) to those who did not have COVID-19 confirmed, but were much more likely to need organ support (22.2% v 8.9%) or die (32.1% v 15.5%).

Conclusions
Important differences exist between patient groups presenting to the emergency department with suspected COVID-19. Adults and children differ markedly and require different approaches to emergency triage. Admission and adverse outcome rates among adults suggest that policies to avoid unnecessary ED attendance achieved their aim. Subsequent COVID-19 confirmation confers a worse prognosis and greater need for organ support.

Registration
ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN56149622, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN28342533.
Colonization with multi-drug-resistant organisms negatively impacts survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Stratmann Jan A. , Lacko Raphael , Ballo Olivier , Shaid Shabnam , Gleiber Wolfgang , Vehreschild Maria J. G. T. , Wichelhaus Thomas , Reinheimer Claudia , Göttig Stephan , Kempf Volkhard A. J. , Kleine Peter , Stera Susanne , Brandts Christian , Sebastian Martin , Koschade Sebastian 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesMultidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) are considered an emerging threat worldwide. Data covering the clinical impact of MDRO colonization in patients with solid malignancies, however, is widely missing. We sought to determine the impact of MDRO colonization in patients who have been diagnosed with Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who are at known high-risk for invasive infections.Materials and methodsPatients who were screened for MDRO colonization within a 90-day period after NSCLC diagnosis of all stages were included in this single-center retrospective study.ResultsTwo hundred and ninety-five patients were included of whom 24 patients (8.1%) were screened positive for MDRO colonization (MDROpos) at first diagnosis.Enterobacteraleswere by far the most frequent MDRO detected with a proportion of 79.2% (19/24). MDRO colonization was present across all disease stages and more present in patients with concomitant diabetes mellitus. Median overall survival was significantly inferior in the MDROposstudy group with a median OS of 7.8 months (95% CI, 0.0–19.9 months) compared to a median OS of 23.9 months (95% CI, 17.6–30.1 months) in the MDROneggroup in univariate (p = 0.036) and multivariate analysis (P = 0.02). Exploratory analyses suggest a higher rate of non-cancer-related-mortality in MDROpospatients compared to MDROnegpatients (p = 0.002) with an increased rate of fatal infections in MDROpospatients (p = 0.0002).ConclusionsMDRO colonization is an independent risk factor for inferior OS in patients diagnosed with NSCLC due to a higher rate of fatal infections. Empirical antibiotic treatment approaches should cover formerly detected MDR commensals in cases of (suspected) invasive infections.
High level risky sexual behavior among persons living with HIV in the urban setting of the highest HIV prevalent areas in Ethiopia: Implications for interventions
Authors: Wondemagegn Fekade , Berkessa Tsegaye 
Published: November 2020

Introduction
Data on the sexual behavior among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) dwelling at HIV prevalent setting located at the periphery of Ethiopia is lacking. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate sexual practice of patients following their antiretroviral therapy (ART) service and factors affecting their behavior.

Materials and methods
A facility based cross-sectional study design was employed to assess risky sexual practice and associated factors among HIV positive adults attending ART clinics in Gambella town, Southwest Ethiopia. Risky sexual practice is defined as a custom of getting in at least one of the following practices such as condom-unprotected sex with any partner, having two or more sexual partners and practicing casual sex in the last three months. A total of 352 randomly selected clients were interviewed by using a structured questionnaire. The multivariable logistic regression model was used to examine the association between covariates and the outcome variable.

Results
Majority of the study participants were engaged at least in one of the risky sexual practices (79.8% confidence interval (CI): 75.3% - 83.9%). The multivariable analysis found that the odds of risky sexual practice were higher among individuals who use substances (‘khat’ users (AOR: 3.82, 95%CI:1.30–11.22), smoke cigarette (AOR:4.90, 95%CI:1.19–12.60), consume alcohol (AOR: 2.59, 95%CI:1.28–5.21)); those who never discuss about safe sex with their partner/s (AOR: 2.21, 95%CI:1.16–4.21); those who have been in attachment for longer duration (more than four years) with their partner (AOR: 3.56, 95%CI: 1.32–9.62); and groups who desire to bear children in their future life (AOR: 3.15, 95%CI:1.40–7.04) as compared to their respective comparison groups.

Conclusions
A significant number of participants were engaged at least in one of the risky sexual practices which potentially result in super infection by a new or/and drug resistant viral strain/s, and onward transmission of the virus. Thus, an HIV intervention program which focuses on the identified factors has to be implemented to mitigate risk of unsafe sexual behavior of this population group and move towards ending the HIV/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) epidemic.
Human papillomavirus genotype distribution and factors associated among female sex workers in West Africa
Authors: Tounkara Fatoumata Korika , Téguété Ibrahima , Guédou Fernand A. , Goma-Matsétsé Ella , Koné Amadou , Béhanzin Luc , Traoré Sidy , Aza-Gnandji Marlène , Keita Bintou , Guenoun Julie , Coutlée François , Alary Michel 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesThis study aimed to: (1) Estimate HPV prevalence and genotype distribution among female sex workers (FSWs) in Mali and Benin as well as the prevalence of multiple HPV type infections in this group, and (2) Identify potential risk factors associated with high-risk (HR) HPV infections.MethodsWe analyzed baseline data of 665 FSWs aged ≥ 18 years recruited during a prospective cohort of cervical cancer screening in Cotonou (Benin) and Bamako (Mali) from 2017 to 2018. The Linear Array HPV genotyping test was used to identify HPV genotypes. Descriptive statistics and multivariate log-binomial regression were used. Adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated to identify risk factors associated with HR-HPV infections.ResultsHPV data were available for 659 FSWs (Benin: 309; Mali: 350). The mean age was 35.0 years (± 10.7) in Benin and 26.8 years (± 7.6) in Mali. The overall HPV prevalence rates were 95.5% in Benin and 81.4% in Mali. About 87.7% and 63.4% of FSWs harbored ≥ 2 HPV types in Benin and Mali, respectively. The top three prevalent HR-HPV among FSWs in Benin were: HPV58 (37.5%), HPV16 (36.6%) and HPV52 (28.8%). Corresponding patterns in Mali were HPV16 (15.7%), HPV51 (14.3%) and HPV52 (12.9%). In Benin, the main factors associated with HR-HPV were vaginal douching (APR = 1.17; 95%CI:1.02–1.34) and gonococcal infection (APR = 1.16; 95%CI:1.04–1.28), while in Mali they were sex work duration ≤ 1 year (APR = 1.35; 95%CI:1.10–1.65) and HIV infection (APR = 1.26; 95%CI: 1.06–1.51).ConclusionOur study found a very high prevalence of HPV infection as well as high frequency of multiple HPV type infections in FSWs in two countries in West Africa. These findings suggest the necessity to emphasize cervical cancer prevention in this high-risk group.
Reducing Barriers to Healthcare for Rural Homeless Individuals and Families: Experiences 0f Community Health Nursing Students
Authors: Garner Linda 
Published: November 2020

Presented at the 2014 International Rural Health & Rural Nursing Research Conference Co-Sponsored by the Montana State University College of Nursing and the Rural Nurse Organization (RN0).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.14574/ojrnhc.v15i1.377