bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective-Stress Coefficients of Porous Rocks Involving Shocks and Loading/Unloading Hysteresis
Authors: Civan Faruk 
Published: March 2020

SummaryA critical review, examination, and clarification of the various issues and problems concerning the definition and dependence of the effective-stress coefficients of porous-rock formations is presented. The effective-stress coefficients have different values for different rock properties because the physical mechanisms of rock deformation can affect the various rock properties differently. The alteration of petrophysical properties occurs by the onset of various rock-deformation/damaging processes, including pore collapsing and grain crushing, and affects the values of the effective-stress coefficients controlling the different petrophysical properties of rock formations. The slope discontinuity observed in the effective-stress coefficients of naturally or induced fractured-rock formations during loading/unloading, referred to as a shock effect, is essentially related to deformation of fractures at less than the critical effective stress and deformation of matrix at greater than the critical effective stress. The hysteresis observed in the effective-stress coefficients of heterogeneous porous rocks during loading/unloading is attributed to elastic deformation under the fully elastic predamage conditions, and/or irreversible pore-structure-alteration/deformation processes.A proper correlation of the Biot-Willis coefficient controlling the bulk volumetric strain is developed using the data available from various sources in a manner to meet the required endpoint-limit conditions of the Biot-Willis coefficient, ranging from zero to unity. The modified power-law equation presented in this paper yields a physically meaningful correlation because it successfully satisfies the low-end- and high-end-limit values of the Biot-Willis coefficient and also provides a better quality match of the available experimental data than the semilogarithmic equation and the popular basic power-law equation. It is shown that the semilogarithmic correlation cannot predict the values of the Biot coefficient beyond the range of the data because it generates unrealistic values approaching the negative infinity for the Biot coefficient for the low-permeability/porosity ratio and unrealistically high values approaching the positive infinity for the high-permeability/porosity ratio. The basic power-law equation is not adequate either because it can only satisfy the low-end value but cannot satisfy the high-end value of the Biot coefficient. The correlation developed in this paper from the modified power-law equation is effectively applicable over the full range of the Biot-Willis coefficient, extending from zero to unity. To the best of the author's knowledge, this paper is the first to present an effective theory and formulation of the convenient correlation of the Biot-Willis poroelastic coefficient that not only satisfies both of the two endpoint-limit values of the Biot-Willis coefficient but also produces the best match of the available experimental data.
Development of a Highly Elastic Composite Gel through Novel Intercalated Crosslinking Method for Wellbore Temporary Plugging in High-Temperature Reservoirs
Authors: Jia Hu , Chen Hao , Zhao Jin-Zhou 
Published: March 2020

Summary
Effective mitigation of fluid loss and prevention of formation damage are substantial concerns during well completion and workover in low-pressure, high-permeability, and/or fractured reservoirs, especially with high temperature (HT). In this paper, a highly elastic composite gel is developed on the basis of the solution blending for “intercalated crosslinking.” The mechanism is the intercalation of polymer and crosslinker into layered silicate material (LSM) using a specific procedure. The gel is composed of HT resistant copolymer, crosslinker polyethyleneimine (PEI), LSM, and antioxidant in freshwater. The effects of main variables on the gelation performance are investigated. The mature composite gel strength is noticeably improved with increasing temperature. The elastic modulus (G′) of the mature composite gel prepared at 160°C can reach up to 15 000 Pa, while only a value of 6000 Pa is obtained for the gel at 130°C. The composite gel remains robust after aging 10 days at 160°C. The pressure-bearing capacity and rigidity of the mature composite gel are noticeably improved with increasing layered silicate concentration. This unique feature can benefit stress buffering when the sealing operation is conducted under high differential pressure such as the case with a long hydrostatic column. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to further reveal the intercalated crosslinking mechanism of the composite gel. A temporary plugging experiment for a fractured limestone core also supports the gel's high-pressure (HP) resistance and low adsorption and retention to alleviate formation damage. The composite gel is promising for fluid loss mitigation that could be extended to other related near-wellbore operations in HT wells.
Loss of FANCD2 and related proteins may predict malignant transformation in oral epithelial dysplasia
Authors: Ho Michael W , Ryan Mark , Gupta Juhi , Triantafyllou Asterios , Risk Janet , Shaw Richard , Wilson James 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Predicting malignant transformation in oral epithelial dysplasia(OED) is a clinical challenge. The higher rate of malignant transformation in non-smokers supports an endogenous aetiology. Loss of FANCD2 and associated proteins could lead to genomic instability and oncogenesis.Methods: Longitudinal archival samples from 40 individuals with OED from time of diagnosis to the most recent review in 23 stable OED; or until excision of the SCC in 17 unstable OED undergoing malignant transformation. Histopathological reassessment, immunohistochemistry for FANCD2 and Western blotting for phosphorylation/monubiquitination status of ATR, CHK1, FANCD2 and FANCG were undertaken on each tissue sample.Results: Decreased expression of FANCD2 was observed in the diagnostic biopsy of OED lesions which later underwent malignant transformation. Combining the FANCD2 expression scores with histological grading more accurately predicted malignant transformation (p=0.005) than histology alone and correctly predicted malignant transformation in 10/17 initial biopsies. Significantly reduced expression of total FANCD2, pFANCD2, pATR, pCHK-1 and pFANCG were observed in unstable OED.Discussion: There is good evidence that defects in the DNA damage sensing-signalling-repair cascade are associated with malignant transformation in OED. Loss of post-translational modification in FANCD2 and related proteins, was more predictive of malignant transformation when compared to clinicopathological parameters.
Clinicopathological and prognostic involvements of MCT1, MCT4 and IL-7R in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zheng Shutao , Liu Qing , Liu Tao , Tan Doudou , Shen Tongxue , Zhang Xiao , Han Xiujuan , Lu Xiaomei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: MCTs, short for monocarboxylate transporters, especially MCT1 and MCT4, have been widely touched upon in a variety of immune and cancer cells; however, they have been rarely described in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). IL7R, receptor of interleukin 7, has been shown to operate in several cancers; though, the clinicopathological implication of IL7R expression in ESCC remains less known.Methods: Herein, to understand the clinicopathological involvements of MCT1, MCT4 and IL7R in ESCC, immunohistochemistry was performed with ESCC tissue microarray comprising 86 paired ESCC and its matched normal control dots. Post-hoc statistical analyses were undertaken with Cross-table and survival analyses. Results: It was shown that concomitant expression of MCT1, MCT4 and IL7R prevailed in the stromal compartment of ESCC tissues relative to the epithelial. Moreover, up-regulated MCT1 and MCT4 were markedly associated with tumor size; while IL7R was displayed to closely correlate with lymph node metastases and clinical stage. Elevated MCT1, MCT4 and IL7R were strikingly associated with adverse outcome of ESCC.Conclusions: Together, the data we presented here indicate that MCT1/4 and IL7R were heavily involved in the oncogenesis of ESCC.
Determinants of pro-environmental behavior among excessive smartphone usage children and moderate smartphone usage children in Taiwan
Authors: Fang Wei-Ta , Ng Eric , Liu Shumei , Chiang Yi-Te , Chang Mei-Chuan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Although there are evidences linking the relationships between smartphone usage with health, stress, and academic performance; however, there is still inadequate knowledge about the influence on pro-environmental behaviors. This study seeks to bridge this gap by adapting the theory of attribution framework to examine the effects of personal norms, social norms, perceived behavioral control on pro-environmental behavior of smartphone usage in children. Methods: A total of 225 children aged between 11 to 12 from eight selected public primary schools at the Hsinchu Science and Industrial Park in Taiwan were surveyed. Two distinct groups (excessive versus moderate usage) were purposefully selected for comparison, and of which 96 (42.7%) participants were regarded as excessive smartphone users while the remaining 129 (57.3%) were moderate smartphone users. Results: Findings revealed significant differences between excessive smartphone usage children and moderate smartphone usage children in personal norms ( p < 0.001), social norms ( p = 0.002), perceived behavioral control ( p = 0.001), and pro-environmental behavior ( p = 0.001), where moderate smartphone usage children’s responses were considerably higher than those of excessive smartphone usage children. Path analysis suggested that the two smartphone usage groups had different pro-environmental behavior paths. For excessive smartphone usage children, findings showed that social norms ( β = 0.428, t = 4.096***, p <0.001) had a direct predictive impact on pro-environmental behavior. In contrast, while there was no direct path established between personal norms and pro-environmental behavior ( β = 0.177, t = 1.580, p > 0.05), as well as social norms and pro-environmental behavior for moderate smartphone usage children ( β = 0.181, t = 1.924, p >0.05), but such a relationship could be developed through the mediating effect of perceived behavioral control ( β = 0.497, t = 4.471***, p < 0.001). Conclusions: In conclusion, findings suggested that excessive smartphone usage children lack positive perceived behavioral control, and their pro-environmental behavior could only be predicted through explicit social norms. Whereas, pro-environmental behavior of moderate smartphone usage children were implicitly influenced by personal norms through perceived behavioral control.
Does a ketogenic diet have any adverse effect on quality of life, physical activity, or biochemical factors in patients with breast cancer? A randomized controlled trial.
Authors: Khodabakhshi Adeleh , Akbari Mohammad Esmaeil , Seyfried Thomas N. , Mahmoudi Maryam , Kalamian Miriam , Moradi Nariman , Beheshti Maryam , Davoodi Sayed Hossein 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Despite the potential benefits of ketogenic diets (KDs) for cancer, evidence of its effects on quality of life is lacking. This study has aimed to find out whether KD has adverse effects on quality of life, physical activity, and biomarkers in patients with breast cancer.Method: A total of 80 patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer were randomly assigned to either a KD or a control group for this 12-week trial. Concurrent with the first, third, and fifth chemotherapy sessions (12-week), the quality of life, physical activity, and biomarkers (thyroid function tests, electrolytes, albumin, ammonia, ALP, lactate and serum ketones) were assessed. Dietary intake was also recorded on admission and the end of the treatment.Results: No significant differences were seen in the quality of life or physical activity between the two groups after 12 weeks; however, the KD group showed a better global quality of life compared to the control group at 6 weeks (P=0.02). Also, serum lactate and ALP levels decreased significantly in KD group compared to the control group after intervention (10.7±3 vs 13.3±4, 149±71 vs 240±164, P=0.02 and P=0.007, respectively). KD did not have any negative impact on thyroid hormones, electrolytes, or physical activity. Compliance among KD subjects ranged from 66.7% to 79.2% as assessed by dietary intake and serum ketones levels of >0.5.Conclusion: According to our results, chemotherapy combined with KD does not negatively impact the quality of life, physical activity, or biomarkers tracked during our study. Ketosis may improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer in part by decreasing lactate and ALP.
Dissection of effect mechanisms of Kudiezi injection against myocardial ischemia based on virtual screening and systems pharmacology approach
Authors: Xie Rongfang , Liu Zhenzhen , Shi Peiying , Lin Zuan , Chen Bing , Li Shaoguang , Li Guangwen , Huang Liying , Lin Xinhua , Yao Hong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Kudiezi (KDZ) injection, a Chinese medicine preparation, has been widely used for the treatment of myocardial injury in recent years. However, the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms is limited to support its clinical application. It is of great importance to explore the underlying mechanisms of this preparation. Methods In this research, the 10 main ingredients in this injection were identified firstly by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Afterwards, virtual screening and an integrated systems pharmacology approach combined with molecular docking (molecular docking software: Sybyl-X 1.3 and Autodock vina) were adopted to predict its therapeutic mechanisms. Results 7 proteins targets and 9 KEGG pathways, possessing highly relevance to the therapeutic effects of KDZ against MI, were predicted reasonably. The systems analysis suggested that KDZ injection could exert its therapeutic effects against myocardial ischemia possibly through multi-targets including EGFR, MAPK10, SRC, et al, and multi-pathways referring to MAPK, Focal adhesion, Complement and coagulation cascades, Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, etc. Conclusion This research provided a scientific basis to clarify the comprehensive pharmacological mechanism of KDZ injection acting on MI, and could provide valuable clues on considering the active ingredient KDZ-6 as a multi-targets leading compound.
Clinical retrospective analysis of 70 discharged patients with the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province
Authors: Zuo Zhongbao , Wu Jing , Wang Miaochan , Jin Yujiao , Yu Wenyan , Niu Haiying , Chen Yangjun , Liu Pengbo , Zeng Deyu , Sui Dongming , Cai Zhaobin , Xu Aifang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Since the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan, China, caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogen, the disease has been found in many countries. Considering the lack of effective drugs and rapid spread of COVID-19, we did a clinical detailed retrospective analysis of 70 discharged patients which can help us to better determine the clinical features of the disease. Method We collected demographic, epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and chest computed tomographic (CT) data from patients’ hospital records, the time period were from hospitalization day1 to day7 and hospitalization last day. The retrospective study totally included 70 COVID-19 patients. Results The median age was 43 (IQR: 34-56) years. 41 (58.6%) patients were female, and there were 33 (47.1%) patients who were hospitalized more than 14 days. 18 (25.7%) patients were residents of Wuhan or recently travelled to Wuhan, 38 (54.3%) patients were having a close contact with the COVID-19 patients. The most common pre-existing diseases were liver disease (15.7%), hypertension (12.9%), renal disease (8.6), lung disease (5.7%). The time from illness onset to hospitalization was 4 (IQR: 2-7) days. The most common treatment regimen was Lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV) + Interferon alpha inhalation (IAI) + Arbidol. Compared with hospitalization day1, White blood cell count, C-reacting protein, Potassium, Aspartate aminotransferase, Lactate dehydrogenase, and Lactic acid were significantly different than hospitalization day-last. The median number of times a patients receiving chest computed tomography (CT) from day1 to day7 was 3 (IQR: 3-4). The typical chest computed tomographic images were patchy shadows and ground glass opacity. Conclusion Currently, there are no specific antiviral therapies for COVID-19. 70 COVID-19 patients in our study responded positively to treatment during the two-week period. For those discharged patients with abnormal results, more attention is needed in the future studies to control the transmission.
Development of a standardized method for the evaluation of the microbial protective efficiency of cosmetic packaging
Authors: Catovic Chloe , Martin Sylvia , Desaint Sephane , Borges Christine , Lesouhaitier Helene , Roullet Florence , Bresciani Nadine , Jouault Anne-Marie , Poulet Valerie , Luc Joelle , Joulia Valérie , Jupin Alain , Masson Christophe , Crozier Alain , Feuilloley Marc G.J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The doubt regarding adverse effects of antimicrobial preservative, has modified the demand by the consumers which impose more and more the production of low-level and even preservative free cosmetics. In these products, protection against microbial contamination is therefore devoted to the packaging. This have prompted the emergence of a great diversity of so called “protective”, “overprotective” and “barrier” packaging, but this designation is not normalized and the choice of the right packaging adapted to each cosmetic product remains essentially empirical, hazardous and time consuming. The cluster Cosmetic Valleys decided to launch a commission aimed at defining a complete and experimentally validated method allowing to classify the microbiological protection level of cosmetic packaging. As reported herein, this was requiring the development a specific bacteriostatic medium usable over 7 days and an in vitro procedure reproducing in-use contamination and consumer gesture. On the basis of tests realized over 800 packs of different origins and performances, a classification in six grades was proposed in order to distinguish the protective efficiency of cosmetic packaging. This work can be considered is a first step towards a regulatory text.
A Method of Estimating Time-to-Recovery for a Disease Caused by a Contagious Pathogen like SARS-CoV-2 using a Time Series of Aggregated Case Reports
Authors: Pitoglou Stavros , Koutsouris Dimitrios-Dionysios 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: During the outbreak of a disease caused by a pathogen with unknown characteristics, the uncertainty of its progression parameters can be reduced by devising methods that, based on rational assumptions, exploit available information in order to provide actionable insights. Methods: In this study, performed few (~6) weeks into the outbreak of COVID-19 (caused by SARS-CoV-2), data publicly available on the Internet including daily reported cases of confirmed infections, deaths and recoveries are fed into an algorithm that matches confirmed cases with deaths and recoveries, in order to calculate average time-intervals. Unmatched cases are adjusted based on the matched cases calculation. Results: The mean time-to-recovery calculated from all globally reported cases was found 18.01 days (SD 3.31 days) for the matched cases and 18.29 days (SD 2.73 days), taking under consideration the adjusted unmatched cases as well. Conclusion:The experimental results indicate that the proposed method, in combination with expert knowledge and informed calculated assumptions, could provide a meaningful calculated average time-to-recovery figure, which can be used as an evidence-based estimation to support the containment and mitigation policy decisions. Trial registration: Not applicable.
The shortage of benzathine penicillin and its impact on congenital syphilis incidence: an ecologic study in the city of Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Braga Jose Ueleres , Araujo Rachel Sarmeiro , Souza Ana Sara Semeão de 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background The Pan American Health Organization indicates that the increased congenital syphilis (CS) incidence can be attributed to (i) the improvement of epidemiological surveillance, (ii) the expansion of rapid diagnostic tests, and (iii) the lack of penicillin. However, there is no scientific evidence to support the impact of the penicillin shortage on the increase in the incidence of CS. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the benzathine penicillin (BP) shortage and the significant increase in the incidence of congenital syphilis in the city of Rio de Janeiro from 2013 to 2017. Methods We used a mixed ecologic study design (temporal and multiple groups). Analysis units were the neighborhoods (spatial) and quarters (temporal) during those years. The study population consisted of CS patients reported to the Brazil Information System of Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) that were living in the city of Rio de Janeiro, which was geocoded by neighborhood. The BP supply measure for use in Gestational Syphilis considered the ratio between two Benzatin Pencil Dispenser bottle quantities: (a) the number of bottles dispensed to health facilities in each neighborhood and (b) the number of bottles necessary to treat pregnant women diagnosed with syphilis and their respective partners residing in each neighborhood. To evaluate the association between shortages and a significant increase in CS incidence, the negative-inflated zero-binomial regression model (longitudinal model) was used. Crude and adjusted odds ratios were calculated to express the magnitude of the associations. A theoretical model was proposed with four dimensions: sociodemographic, economic, geographical, and prenatal care. The selection of adjustment variables was considered using Directed Acyclic Graphs. Results During the study period, the incidence rate of CS in Rio de Janeiro neighborhoods was on average 19.6/1000 live births. In the simple analysis, shortage was associated with a 2.17-fold increase in the risk of a significant increase in CS incidence. After adjustment for the sufficient minimum set, the strength of association increased to 2.23 (95% confidence interval, 1.15–4.30). Conclusions We conclude that the benzathine penicillin shortage impacted the increase in the incidence of congenital syphilis in Rio de Janeiro.