bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pricing of illicit drugs on darknet markets: a conceptual exploration
Authors: Zaunseder Andreas , Bancroft Angus 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
Trading illicit drugs on cryptomarkets differs in many ways from material retail markets. This paper aims to contribute to existing studies on pricing by studying the relationship between price changes in relation to changes in nominal value of the cryptocurrency. To this, the authors qualitatively study product descriptions and images to expand the knowledge on price formation.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors analysed 15 samples based on visual and textual scrapes from two major drug markets – for Dream Market between January 2014 and July 2015 and for Tochka between January 2015 and July 2015. This longitudinal study relates changes in process to variations in the Bitcoin exchange rate and selling strategies. The analysis of the marketing of drugs online also addressed the development of the vendor profile and product offers.

Findings
Product prices change in relation to variations in the Bitcoin exchange rate. This points to the application of mechanisms for automatic price adaptations on the market level. Real prices of the drug offers constantly increase. The authors assert that there is a bidirectional relationship. Vendors structure price and discounts to encourage feedback. And feedback in combination with signals of commitment and authenticity inform pricing. Product descriptions are an important feature in the successful marketization of goods, whereas product images are predominantly used as an aspect of recognisability and feature of the vendor’s identity.

Research limitations/implications
Findings suggest that there is great potential for further qualitative research into the relationship between the online and offline identity of drug vendors, as well as price setting when entering the market and subsequent changes for offered products.

Practical implications
Findings also suggest that further investigation into the constitution and management of vendor’s identity on the cryptomarkets would allow a better understanding of vendors and their interactions on cryptomarkets.

Social implications
A better understanding of drug trading on cryptomarkets helps to more effectively address potentials for harm in the online drug trade. Also targetting crime would benefit from a better understanding of vendor idenities and pricing.

Originality/value
The findings represent a valuable contribution to existing knowledge on drug trading on cryptomarkets, particularly in view of pricing and vending strategies.
The relationship between cooperative and competitive behavioral tendencies and trust in coworkers
Authors: Ömüriş Ece , Erdem Ferda , Özen Aytemur Janset 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the relationship between cooperative and competitive behavioral tendencies and trust of coworkers in organizations. Two main hypotheses were developed. The first hypothesis was that cooperativeness and trust in coworkers is positively correlated. The second hypothesis was that competitiveness and trust in coworkers is negatively correlated.Design/methodology/approachThe sample was 442 Turkish tourism sector employees in a labor-intensive industry. Two scales were used to measure trust in coworkers and cooperativeness/competitiveness. A hierarchical regression analysis was performed to understand how individuals' behavioral tendency affects their coworkers' trust in them.FindingsThe findings strongly supported the first hypothesis, in that cooperativeness was positively correlated with trust in coworkers. The second hypothesis was only partially supported because there was no significant relationship between competitiveness and the competency and trustworthiness dimensions of trust. Unselfishness aspect of trust, however, was negatively correlated with competitiveness.Research limitations/implicationsThe main contribution of this study is to show that employee cooperativeness and competitiveness can affect trust in coworker relations. However, the measurement of competitiveness and cooperativeness measurement had limitations due to differences in the culture-specific meanings of cooperation and competition. Future research employing mixed methods research is needed to further explain the content of the two tendencies and the relationship between the concepts.Originality/valueThe literature on trust and employee relations tends to focus more on the issue of trust between managers and subordinates while neglecting the complex and multifaceted structure of trust in employee–employer relations. However, new working forms mean that horizontal relations are increasingly important. Therefore, more research is needed to address the tendencies and structures that affect trust in coworkers. This study draws attention to the potential role of cooperative and competitive behaviors in trust in horizontal employee relations.
A higher order scheme for singularly perturbed delay parabolic turning point problem
Authors: Yadav Swati , Rai Pratima 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to construct and analyze a parameter uniform higher-order scheme for singularly perturbed delay parabolic problem (SPDPP) of convection-diffusion type with a multiple interior turning point.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors construct a higher-order numerical method comprised of a hybrid scheme on a generalized Shishkin mesh in space variable and the implicit Euler method on a uniform mesh in the time variable. The hybrid scheme is a combination of simple upwind scheme and the central difference scheme.

Findings
The proposed method has a convergence rate of order

O(N−2L2+Δt). Further, Richardson extrapolation is used to obtain convergence rate of order two in the time variable. The hybrid scheme accompanied with extrapolation is second-order convergent in time and almost second-order convergent in space up to a logarithmic factor.

Originality/value
A class of SPDPPs of convection-diffusion type with a multiple interior turning point is studied in this paper. The exact solution of the considered class of problems exhibit two exponential boundary layers. The theoretical results are supported via conducting numerical experiments. The results obtained using the proposed scheme are also compared with the simple upwind scheme.
Qué Centralizar Y Qué No Centralizar: Esa Es La Cuestión En El Contexto De Una Escuela De Administración
Authors: Rivas Luz Maria , Correa Stefania 
Published: July 2020

Learning outcomes
Comprender el dilema gerencial sobre la centralización y la descentralización. Reconocer las particularidades de un centro de servicios compartidos 3. Decidir qué procesos centralizar en un centro de servicios compartidos;

Case overview/synopsis
Centralizar o no centralizar es un dilema gerencial frecuente. Este es un reto que se aborda no solo desde la gerencia sino desde distintas áreas de nivel corporativo con responsabilidad de administrar conjuntamente varios negocios. La asignación de recursos y capacidades es un proceso fundamental para la ejecución de la estrategia, en particular la estrategia corporativa que debe responder a la pregunta ¿Cómo administrar conjuntamente los negocios? Los servicios compartidos son una estrategia colaborativa que tiene como propósito el incremento de la eficiencia por la centralización de algunos procesos asociados a la administración conjunta de varias unidades de negocio. Mario, Decano de la Escuela de Administración de la Universidad Empresarial en Medellín, Colombia, se propone optimizar la asignación de recursos de la escuela de manera que haya un apoyo más equitativo entre los diferentes programas académicos. Para ello ha pensado crear un centro de servicios compartidos (CSC) pues es una práctica que ha visto en empresas destacadas de la ciudad. Su idea es empezar a operar el CSC a inicios de 2018, sin embargo, el carácter particular de una escuela de administración lo lleva a preguntarse: Qué centralizar y qué no centralizar.

Complexity academic level
Este caso de decisión (Ellet, 2007; Sánchez et al., 2013) puede ser utilizado para promover el aprendizaje de estudiantes de cursos de estrategia tanto en niveles avanzados de pregrado como en programas de posgrado. Así mismo, se puede utilizar en talleres con ejecutivos y personal administrativo de empresas que enfrentan el dilema centralizar-descentralizar. Este tipo de temas son objeto de estudio tanto de los teóricos de la estrategia corporativa que se ocupa de la pregunta sobre cómo administrar conjuntamente los negocios (Menz et al., 2015; Michael Porter, 1987) y consultores (Deloitte, 2012). Es deseable, aunque no es obligatorio, que los estudiantes tengan algún conocimiento o experiencia en temas de estrategia y retos asociados a la administración de empresas conformadas por varios negocios (empresas multinegocios).

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS: 11: Strategy.
Grey linear programming: a survey on solving approaches and applications
Authors: Darvishi Davood , Liu Sifeng , Yi-Lin Forrest Jeffrey 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to survey and express the advantages and disadvantages of the existing approaches for solving grey linear programming in decision-making problems.Design/methodology/approachAfter presenting the concepts of grey systems and grey numbers, this paper surveys existing approaches for solving grey linear programming problems and applications. Also, methods and approaches for solving grey linear programming are classified, and its advantages and disadvantages are expressed.FindingsThe progress of grey programming has been expressed from past to present. The main methods for solving the grey linear programming problem can be categorized as Best-Worst model, Confidence degree, Whitening parameters, Prediction model, Positioned solution, Genetic algorithm, Covered solution, Multi-objective, Simplex and dual theory methods. This survey investigates the developments of various solving grey programming methods and its applications.Originality/valueDifferent methods for solving grey linear programming problems are presented, where each of them has disadvantages and advantages in providing results of grey linear programming problems. This study attempted to review papers published during 35 years (1985–2020) about grey linear programming solving and applications. The review also helps clarify the important advantages, disadvantages and distinctions between different approaches and algorithms such as weakness of solving linear programming with grey numbers in constraints, inappropriate results with the lower bound is greater than upper bound, out of feasible region solutions and so on.
Feedback trading strategies in international real estate markets
Authors: Balomenou Chrysanthi , Babalos Vassilios , Vortelinos Dimitrios , Koulakiotis Athanasios 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
Motivated by recent evidence that securitized real estate returns exhibit higher levels of predictability than stock market returns and that feedback trading (FT) can induce returns autocorrelation and market volatility, the purpose of this study is to examine the impact of FT strategies on long-term market volatility of eight international real estate markets (UK, Germany, France, Italy, Sweden, Australia, Japan and Hong Kong).

Design/methodology/approach
Assuming that the return autocorrelation may vary over time and the impact of positive feedback trading (PFT) or negative feedback trading (NFT) could be a function of return volatility, the authors use a combination of a FT model and a fractionally integrated Generalized AutoRegressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model.

Findings
The results are mixed, revealing that both PFT and NFT strategies persist. Specifically, the authors detect PFT in the real estate markets of France, Hong Kong and Italy as opposed to the real estate markets of Australia, Germany, Japan and Sweden where NFT was present. A noteworthy exception is the UK real estate market, with important and rational FT strategies to sustain. With respect to the long-term volatility persistence, this seems to capture the mean reversion of real estate returns in the UK and Hong Kong markets. In general, the results are not consistent with those reported in previous studies because NFT dominates PFT in the majority of real estate markets under consideration.

Originality/value
The main contribution of this study is the investigation of the link between short-term PFT or NFT and long-term volatility in eight international real estate markets, symmetrically. Particular attention has been given to the link between short-term FT and long-term volatility, by means of a fractionally integrated GARCH approach, a symmetric one. Moreover, investigating the relationship between returns’ volatility and investors’ strategies based on FT entails significant implications because real estate assets offer a good alternative investment for many investors and speculators.
An improved rank criterion-based NLOS node detection mechanism in VANETs
Authors: Janakiraman Sengathir 
Published: July 2020

PurposeAn Improved Rank Criterion-based NLOS node Detection Mechanism (IRC-NLOS-DM) is proposed based on the benefits of a reputation model for effective localization of NLOS nodes during the dynamic exchange of emergency messages in critical situations.Design/methodology/approachThis proposed IRC-NLOS-DM scheme derives the benefits of a reputation model that influentially localizes the NLOS nodes under dynamic exchange of emergency messages. This proposed IRC-NLOS-DM scheme is an attempt to resolve the issues with the routing protocols that aids in warning message delivery of vehicles that are facing NLOS situations with the influence of channel contention and broadcast storm. It is developed for increasing the warning packet delivery rate with minimized overhead, delay and channel utilization.FindingsThe simulation results of the proposed IRC-NLOS-DM scheme confirmed the excellence of the proposed IRC-NLOS-DM over the existing works investigated based on the channel utilization rate, neighborhood prediction rate and emergency message forwarding rate.Practical implicationsIt is proposed for reliable warning message delivery in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) which is referred as the specialized category of mobile ad hoc network application that influences Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and wireless communications. It is proposed for implementing vehicle safety applications for constructing a least cluttered and a secure environment on the road.Originality/valueIt is contributed as a significant mechanism for facilitating reliable dissemination of emergency messages between the vehicular nodes, which is essential in the critical environment to facilitate a risk-free environment. It also aids in creating a reliable environment for accurate localization of Non-Line of Sight (NLOS) nodes that intentionally introduces the issues of broadcasting storm and channel congestion during the process of emergency message exchanges.
An empirical study on expatriation success of MNCs: evidence from Japan
Authors: Zhou Yanghua 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to address the research gap and quantitatively examine how the psychological contracts (PCs) between Japanese expatriates and Japanese multinational corporations (MNCs) influence the expatriation success of both Japanese expatriates and Japanese MNCs.Design/methodology/approachThis study constitutes exploratory research, using a quantitative analysis as the main research method and a qualitative approach as a complement. A questionnaire survey was conducted, and data from 100 Japanese expatriate respondents were analyzed.FindingsThe results indicate that the fulfillment of PCs is indeed important for expatriation success. The age factor of expatriates also has significant impact on expatriation success. There is no complementary relationship between the fulfillment of Japanese expatriates and MNCs.Research limitations/implicationsOther organization variables may also be considered. Future research could also examine organizations' perceptions of Japanese expatriates' fulfillment of PCs. It is necessary for developing advanced methods to conduct increasingly precise research and provide improved methodological contributions.Practical implicationsThe efforts of both individual expatriates and MNCs are therefore indispensable to achieve successful expatriation. Attention should be paid to the training and development of younger expatriates.Originality/valueThis study allows the author to address the gap in studies regarding the expatriation success of both Japanese MNCs and expatriates from the perspective of PCs. This study has created a scale to measure the expatriation success. This study explores the interaction effect of the fulfillment of PCs by expatriates and MNCs, which has not been addressed in the literature on expatriation success.
Service quality evaluation of automobile garages using a structural approach
Authors: James Ajith Tom , James Jasmin 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the service quality automobile garages through development of a service quality index based on the factors influencing service quality.Design/methodology/approachA structural methodology of graph theory and matrix approach is applied for developing the service quality index.FindingsThe automobile maintenance can be considered as a service industry and in order to sustain in the competitive business environment, the service providers must ensure quality in their services. There are several factors that influence the service quality. Each factor is comprised of several sub-factors. Moreover, the factors are interrelated with each other. Modelling of these factors and their interrelations with due consideration of their structure is accomplished through the graph theory. The directed graph (digraph) of the service quality is defined; the nodes of this symbolize the quality influencing factors, while the edges represent their degrees of interrelationships. An equivalent matrix developed from the digraph establishes a service quality function which leads to evaluation of service quality index (SQI). A greater value of the service quality index displays that the organization and functioning of the garage is adequate.Practical implicationsThe methodology can be applied for evaluating as well as comparing service quality of different garages. The observations would be helpful to the managers the garages to make strategies for improving their service quality.Originality/valueThe paper establishes the interrelations among various factors that influence the service quality at automobile garages and develop a numeric index for the evaluation of the same.
The effectiveness of integrating technology in EFL/ESL writing: a meta-analysis
Authors: Al-Wasy Baleigh Qassem 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to highlight a research on integrating technology into teaching and learning of second/foreign language writing.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 18 empirical studies, involving a total of 1,281 second and foreign language learners, have been reviewed. These studies are selected from the following two databases: Web of Science and Google Scholar. The meta-analysis investigates how effect sizes vary depending on these moderators as follows: stage of writing, language context, learners’ educational level and language proficiency level.FindingsThe findings of this meta-analysis have indicated that technology has a large effect on second/foreign language writing (d= 1.7217). These findings have also revealed that the two stages of writing, drafting and editing, have received most of the researchers’ concern. In addition, high school and university learners have achieved a larger effect size of using technology in writing learning; beginner learners have achieved the smallest effect size.Originality/valueTo sum, the previous meta-analyses and reviews tried to explore the effect of computer on writing skills. However, some of them were limited to special groups (Williams and Beam, 2019) and some others analyzed very few studies (Littleet al., 2018). Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of the effect of implementing technology in writing skills is needed. The purpose of this study is to perform a meta-analysis of the primary studies about the integration of technology into writing skills. The primary goals of this meta-analysis were to: examine the overall effects of implementing technology in writing; synthesize the relationship between technology and a number of moderators such as stages of writing, language context, learners’ target language proficiency and learners’ educational level (school and university).
Examining the dynamics of industry–university collaborations in Ghana
Authors: Muparadzi Albertina , Caesar Livingstone Divine 
Published: July 2020

PurposeUniversity–industry (UI) collaborations are now a crucial issue as universities explore innovative means to secure industry funding for research and improve the employability content of existing curricula. This paper explores the dynamics of the antecedents of UI collaborations in management education. It further investigates the moderating variables (motivation, national policy and institutional factors) that are likely to influence the positive relationship between the antecedents of collaboration and the intention to collaborate.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative survey sent to 300 participants in academia and industry in Ghana achieved an 83% response rate. The data was analysed using bivariate and multivariate techniques.FindingsThe results revealed a positive relationship between knowledge sharing, trust, communication and motivation for UI collaborations. Motivation did not have a moderating effect on the positive relationship between any of the five independent variables and UI collaborations. Institutional factors were found to moderate the positive relationship between knowledge sharing and collaboration.Practical implicationsPolicy to encourage UI collaborations should build on reputational and intrinsic rather than purely financial motivations as academics are motivated by a complex mix of monetary and non-monetary factors.Originality/valueThis paper highlights the need for an intricate alignment of the interests of academia and practitioners to encourage UI collaboration efforts.
Unbundling interest rate and bank credit nexus on income inequality: structural break analysis from Nigeria
Authors: Adeleye Bosede Ngozi 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
Income inequality stalls economic growth with undesirable socio-economic consequences. Despite various measures targeted towards reducing the inequality gap, disparities in income distribution persist in Nigeria. Therefore, this study aims to explore a new line of argument to the finance mechanism in reducing income inequality.

Design/methodology/approach
The study uses time-series data on Nigeria from 1980 to 2015 with analysis conducted using the autoregressive distributed lag-error correction model approach of Pesaran et al. (2001).

Findings
The results show amongst others that the channel of real interest rate on income inequality is through bank credit, real interest rate has an indirect relationship to income inequality and bank credit has an equalising impact on income inequality when the model is augmented for a structural break. The results show amongst others, that, on average, ceteris paribus, a 1% point increase in the real lending interest rate is associated with a 0.45% decline in the volume of bank credit.

Originality/value
This paper engages a new line of argument by unbundling how financial intermediation impacts on income inequality. The extant literature submits that finance directly impacts income inequality, whereas this study investigates further to show that interest rate impacts income inequality through bank credit. That is, the transmission mechanism by which finance affects income inequality is modelled and analysed.