bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation ofmulti‐sourceprecipitation data in a watershed with complex topography based on distributed hydrological modeling
Authors: Wang Weichen , Sun Lian , Cai Yanpeng , Yi Yujun , Yang Wei , Yang Zhifeng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHydrological simulation in areas with complex topography and pronounced climatic heterogeneity has a certain degree of uncertainty, and how precipitation data from multiple types of sources influence hydrological simulation remains unclear. Performances of precipitation datasets based on multiple interpolation methods (i.e., inverse distance weighted [IDW], cokriging, and ANUSPLIN) and satellite remote sensing datasets (i.e., tropical rainfall measuring mission multi‐satellite precipitation analysis 3B42 version7 [TRMM 3B42V7], precipitation estimation from remote sensing information using artificial neural networks–climate data record [PERSIANN‐CDR], climate predication centre morphing technique, and sian precipitation–highly resolved observational data integration towards evaluation of water resources [APHRODITE]) were obtained for comparison. Hydrological responses from these precipitation datasets were evaluated through distributed hydrological model variable infiltration capacity. The Yalong river basin (YRB), located in the Hengduan Mountains region and characterized by the significant heterogeneity of precipitation in China, was focused. Four sub‐regions (i.e., sub‐region I to IV) were divided. The results indicated that: (a) TRMM 3B42V7 and APHRODITE data were superior in detection capability from daily to annual measurement than other satellite precipitation data sets generally; (b) under the scale of gauges, TRMM 3B42V7, APHRODITE, and cokriging performed well in sub‐regions I, II, and IV, respectively. In sub‐region III, performance of the interpolation methods was better than that of TRMM 3B42V7; (c) the interpolation datasets exhibited a poor capability to simulate peak runoff. The combination dataset COM could improve the overall runoff simulation in flood periods; and (d) the interpolation method has the problem of excessive smoothness. Whatever the interpolation dataset is, hydrological simulation tends to result in smaller runoff, which was related to that the measurements from meteorological stations in mountainous valleys are not necessarily representative of the entire region. In this paper, the applicability of multi‐source precipitation data in the hydrological simulation process of YRB was comprehensively analysed, which could provide effective references for improving the accuracy of precipitation data and the applicability of hydrological simulation.
Instream wood increases riverbed temperature variability in a lowland sandy stream
Authors: Klaar Megan J. , Shelley Felicity S. , Hannah David M. , Krause Stefan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe (re)introduction of wood into rivers is becoming increasingly popular in river restoration and natural flood management schemes. While instream wood is known to promote geomorphic and hydraulic diversity, the impact of wood in driving surface water‐streambed exchange and subsequent streambed temperatures remains under‐researched, particularly in lowland rivers. We make use of the occurrence of three naturally occurring wood structures in a small, lowland sandy stream to determine how the presence of wood alters the geomorphic, hydraulic and thermal properties of the streambed. Our results show that instream wood plays an important role in promoting localized geomorphic complexity and thermal variation in the streambed. Locations within and immediately downstream of wood structures displayed the highest temperature range and daily variation. Locations upstream of wood structures were characterized by weaker daily temperature variation, while areas without wood displayed relatively stable streambed temperatures, with little diurnal fluctuation. Our study indicates that at this lowland site, instream wood increased seasonal temperature extremes (increased summer and decreased winter temperatures) at shallow depths by enhancing infiltration of warmer (summer) and colder (winter) surface water. This reduction in thermal buffering is likely to have significant implications to streambed‐dwelling communities and highlights that the thermal impacts of wood reintroduction in lowland rivers should be considered prior to river restoration.
Exosomes: Beyond stem cells for cardiac protection and repair
Authors: Balbi Carolina , Vassalli Giuseppe 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The adult human heart has limited regenerative capacity; hence, stem cell therapy has been investigated as a potential approach for cardiac repair. However, a large part of the benefit of the injection of stem and progenitor cells into injured hearts is mediated by secreted factors. Exosomes—nano-sized secreted extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin—have emerged as key signaling organelles in intercellular communication, and are now viewed as the key regenerative constituent of the secretome of stem and progenitor cells. Exosomes released from mesenchymal stem cells, cardiac-derived progenitor cells, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes exhibit cardioprotective, immunomodulatory, and reparative abilities. This concise review discusses the therapeutic benefit of exosomes secreted by stem and progenitor cells in preclinical models of ischemic heart disease.
Applicability of finger jointing to circular laminated veneer hollow sections for temporary soil nailing
Authors: Hirschmüller Sebastian , Marte Roman , Englberger Alexander 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the strength properties of circular laminated veneer lumber hollow sections made of beech wood and loaded in tension. These tubular, hollow wooden poles are intended for an innovative geotechnical approach, which utilizes the high tensile strength of beech wood and its limited durability as soil nails for temporary geotechnical slope stabilisation. Due to the standardized design approaches of soil nail walls that prevent a rigid soil body from sliding by using nails as reinforcement elements, primary tension loads will be aligned to the structural elements. Depending on the height of the soil nail wall, nails with a length up to 10 m may be necessary, demanding for high-performance longitudinal section joints due to the natural length limitations of the wood veneer. This paper discusses the applicability of finger jointing to tubular, laminated beech wood veneer poles and presents the results of large-scale tensile tests. Depending on the joint arrangement, the median tensile strength is reduced by 37–43% compared to the unjointed sections of a similar geometry. Thus, finger jointing has been found to be an efficient method of a longitudinal load-carrying connection in combination with a minimized cross section reduction at the joint. However, due to the low sample size of the tests, further improvements are necessary.
Proximal adductor avulsions are rarely isolated but usually involve injury to the PLAC and pectineus: descriptive MRI findings in 145 athletes
Authors: Schilders Ernest , Mitchell Adam W. M. , Johnson Rowena , Dimitrakopoulou Alexandra , Kartsonaki Christiana , Lee Justin Charles 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the study is to review the MRI findings in a cohort of athletes who sustained acute traumatic avulsions of the adductor longus fibrocartilaginous entheses, and to investigate related injuries namely the pyramidalis–anterior pubic ligament–adductor longus complex (PLAC). Associated muscle and soft tissue injuries were also assessed.

Methods
The MRIs were reviewed for a partial or complete avulsion of the adductor longus fibrocartilage, as well as continuity or separation of the adductor longus from the pyramidalis. The presence of a concurrent partial pectineus tear was noted. Demographic data were analysed. Linear and logistic regression was used to examine associations between injuries.

Results
The mean age was 32.5 (SD 10.9). The pyramidalis was absent in 3 of 145 patients. 85 of 145 athletes were professional and 52 competed in the football Premier League. 132 had complete avulsions and 13 partial. The adductor longus was in continuity with pyramidalis in 55 athletes, partially separated in seven and completely in 81 athletes. 48 athletes with a PLAC injury had a partial pectineus avulsion. Six types of PLAC injuries patterns were identified. Associated rectus abdominis injuries were rare and only occurred in five patients (3.5%).

Conclusion
The proximal adductor longus forms part of the PLAC and is rarely an isolated injury. The term PLAC injury is more appropriate term. MRI imaging should assess all the anatomical components of the PLAC post-injury, allowing recognition of the different patterns of injury.

Level of evidence
Level III.
Use of PerClot® in head and neck surgery: a Scottish centre experience
Authors: Rao Kanishka , Gomati Anas , Yuen Hao Tong Edwin , W Ah-See Kim , Shakeel Muhammad 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective
PerClot® is a biocompatible, polysaccharide haemostatic system recommended for surgical procedures. It is an absorbable modified polymer that is non-pyrogenic and is derived from purified plant starch. Our goal was to evaluate the safety, efficacy and usefulness of PerClot® in head and neck surgery (H&N) in our department.

Methods
All patients who received PerClot® after their neck operation over 1-year period (2019–2020) were prospectively investigated. The information collected included demographics, admission and discharge dates, type of operation, operative details, postoperative complications and their management. The data were collected and analysed using Excel.

Results
A total of 57 patients (males = 26, females = 31) with mean age of 51 (range 19–83) were identified. None of the patients developed primary or secondary haemorrhage. Ten patients suffered from post-operative wound complications (18%). Wound infection was noticed in 9/57 (16%) of patients. 1/57 patients had seroma.

Conclusions
PerClot® is safe, effective in reducing the postoperative bleeding and would appear to be useful in head and neck surgery with minimal adverse effects.
Update on recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children
Authors: Miao Hongjun , Li Han , Yao Yinying , Wu Mingfu , Lu Chao , Wang Jun , Tian Man , Li Ying , Luo Peiliang , Gu Jianhui , Yuan Bin , Wang Shouchuan , Zhao Xia , Gan Weihua , Zhao Deyu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSince the outbreak of novel coronavirus infection pneumonia in Wuhan City, China, in late 2019, such cases have been gradually reported in other parts of China and abroad. Children have become susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) because of their immature immune function. As the outbreak has progressed, more cases of novel coronavirus infection/pneumonia in children have been reported. Compared with adults, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is less severe, with a lower incidence and susceptibility in children, which results in fewer children being tested, thereby underestimating the actual number of infections. Therefore, strengthening the diagnosis of the disease is particularly important for children, and early and clear diagnosis can determine treatment strategies and reduce the harm caused by the disease to children. According to the Novel Coronavirus Infection Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Standards (trial version 7) issued by National Health Committee and the latest diagnosis and treatment strategies for novel coronavirus infection pneumonia in children, this review summarizes current strategies on diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children.
Reactions to infant death by wild vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: prolonged carrying, non-mother carrying, and partial maternal cannibalism
Authors: Botting Jennifer , van de Waal Erica 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObservations of dead infant carrying have been reported for many primate species, and researchers have proposed several hypotheses to explain this behaviour. However, despite being a relatively well-studied species, reports of dead infant carrying in wild vervet monkeys(Chlorocebus pygerythrus)remain scarce. Here we report 14 observations of dead infant carrying by female vervet monkeys in a population at Mawana Game Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Most of the females carried the dead infant for a day or less, but one female carried her infant for at least 14 days. In one case the maternal sister of a dead infant carried it after the death of their mother. We also report a case of mother-infant cannibalism: a female consumed part of her deceased infant’s tail. Other post-mortem care-taking behaviours such as grooming, smelling and licking were also recorded. Of 97 recorded infant deaths in this study population since 2010, 14.4% are known to have elicited dead infant carrying, a proportion similar to that reported for other monkey species. We discuss our observations in relation to various hypotheses about this behaviour, including the post-parturition hormones hypothesis, learning to mother hypothesis, and unawareness of death hypothesis.
Past-Year Violence Victimization is Associated with Viral Load Failure Among HIV-Positive Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Merrill Katherine G. , Campbell Jacquelyn C. , Decker Michele R. , McGready John , Burke Virginia M. , Mwansa Jonathan K. , Miti Sam , Frimpong Christiana , Kennedy Caitlin E. , Denison Julie A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe examined the relationship between past-year violence victimization and viral load (VL) failure among consecutively-sampled male and female adolescents and young adults, aged 15–24, in four HIV clinics in Ndola, Zambia. Measures of past-year physical violence, psychological abuse, and forced sex were adapted from the ICAST-C and WHO Multi-Country Study. Using logistic regression, we derived associations between VL failure (≥ 1000 copies/mL) and: any victimization; cumulative victimization; and types and perpetrators of violence. Among 272 youth (59.2% female, 72.8% perinatally infected), 73.5% (n = 200) experienced past-year violence and 36.8% (n = 100) had VL failure. Higher odds of VL failure were observed for participants who reported high frequency of any violence versus no violence victimization (adjusted OR, aOR: 3.58; 95% CI 1.14–11.27), high frequency of psychological abuse versus no psychological abuse (aOR: 3.32; 95% CI 1.26–8.70), any versus no violence from a family member other than a parent/caregiver for physical violence (aOR: 2.18, 95% CI 1.05–4.54) and psychological abuse (aOR: 2.50; 95% CI 1.37–4.54), and any versus no physical violence from a friend/peer (aOR: 2.14, 95% CI 1.05–4.36). Past-year violence victimization was associated with VL failure when considering the frequency, type, and perpetrator of violence. Programs addressing violence among youth living with HIV may be critical to improving viral suppression and preventing onward transmission.
Fusion Imaging of X-ray and Transesophageal Echocardiography Improves the Procedure of Left Atrial Appendage Closure
Authors: Ebelt Henning , Domagala Thomas , Offhaus Alexandra , Wiora Matthias , Schwenzky Andreas , Hoyme Matthias , Anacker Jelena , Röhl Peter 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) is an alternative treatment strategy for patients with atrial fibrillation who are at risk for thromboembolic events and considered not suitable for oral anticoagulation (OAC). LAAC is mainly performed under the guidance of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and fluoroscopy. The study presented here should analyze whether fusion imaging (FI) of transesophageal echocardiography and X-ray performed during LAAC is feasible and can improve the results of the procedure.

Methods
The data presented here are from a retrospective single center study. Sample size was defined as 50 patients in which LAAC was performed without fusion imaging (control group) and 25 patients were the LAAC procedure was guided by fusion imaging (treatment group). Inclusion criteria were defined as age > 18 years and completion of an LAAC procedure defined as deployment of a WATCHMAN 2.5 LAA occluder. Study endpoints were procedure time, amount of used contrast medium, radiation dose, final position of the WATCHMAN in TEE (deviation from ideal positioning), and clinical endpoints, respectively.

Results
LAA closure was successfully performed in all patients. No case of device embolism was occurring, and none of the patients experienced a periprocedural stroke/TIA nor a systemic embolism, respectively. Mean procedure time was 15 min shorter in the group of patients where fusion imaging was applied (p < 0.001). Additionally, the use of fusion imaging was associated with a significant reduction of contrast medium (20.6 ml less than in control; p < 0.045). Regarding the final position of the WATCHMAN, no relevant differences were found between the groups.

Summary
The use of fusion imaging significantly reduced procedure time and the amount of contrast medium in patients undergoing LAAC.
Persuasion without polarization? Modelling persuasive argument communication in teams with strong faultlines
Authors: Feliciani Thomas , Flache Andreas , Mäs Michael 
Published: August 2020

AbstractStrong demographic faultlines are a potential source of conflict in teams. To study conditions under which faultlines can result in between-group bi-polarization of opinions, a computational model of persuasive argument communication has been proposed. We identify two hitherto overlooked degrees of freedom in how researchers formalized the theory. First, are arguments agents communicate influencing each other’s opinions explicitly or implicitly represented in the model? Second, does similarity between agents increase chances of interaction or the persuasiveness of others’ arguments? Here we examine these degrees of freedom in order to assess their effect on the model’s predictions. We find that both degrees of freedom matter: in a team with strong demographic faultline, the model predicts more between-group bi-polarization when (1) arguments are represented explicitly, and (2) when homophily is modelled such that the interaction between similar agents are more likely (instead of more persuasive).
Learning Adaptive Regularization for Image Labeling Using Geometric Assignment
Authors: Hühnerbein Ruben , Savarino Fabrizio , Petra Stefania , Schnörr Christoph 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe study the inverse problem of model parameter learning for pixelwise image labeling, using the linear assignment flow and training data with ground truth. This is accomplished by a Riemannian gradient flow on the manifold of parameters that determines the regularization properties of the assignment flow. Using the symplectic partitioned Runge–Kutta method for numerical integration, it is shown that deriving the sensitivity conditions of the parameter learning problem and its discretization commute. A convenient property of our approach is that learning is based on exact inference. Carefully designed experiments demonstrate the performance of our approach, the expressiveness of the mathematical model as well as its limitations, from the viewpoint of statistical learning and optimal control.
Pop-up Questions Within Educational Videos: Effects on Students’ Learning
Authors: Haagsman Marjolein E. , Scager Karin , Boonstra Johannes , Koster Margot C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEducational videos are increasingly used to let students prepare lesson material at home prior to in-class activities in flipped classrooms. The main challenge of this teaching strategy is to stimulate students to watch these videos attentively before going to class. This paper describes the use of questions that pop-up within relatively long educational videos of 16 min on average and designed to enhance students’ engagement and understanding when preparing for in-class activities. The effects of such pop-up questions on students’ learning performance were studied within a flipped course in molecular biology. Students had access to videos with or without a variable set of pop-up questions. The experimental group with pop-up questions showed significantly higher test results compared to the group without pop-up questions. Interestingly, students that answered pop-up questions on certain concepts did not score better on items testing these specific concepts than the control group. These results suggest that merely the presence of pop-up questions enhances students’ learning. Additional data from interviews, surveys, and learning analytics suggest that pop-up questions influence viewing behavior, likely by promoting engagement. It is concluded that pop-up questions stimulate learning when studying videos outside class through an indirect testing effect.
The response of canopy height diversity to natural disturbances in two temperate forest landscapes
Authors: Senf Cornelius , Mori Akira S. , Müller Jörg , Seidl Rupert 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Context
Structural diversity strongly influences habitat quality and the functioning of forest ecosystems. An important driver of the variation in forest structures are disturbances. As disturbances are increasing in many forest ecosystems around the globe, it is important to understand how structural diversity responds to (changing) disturbances.

Objectives
Our aim was to quantify the relationship between forest disturbances and structural diversity with a focus on diversity in canopy height.

Methods
We assessed diversity in canopy height for two strictly protected Central European forest landscapes using lidar data. We used a multi-scale framework to quantify within-patch (α), between-patch (β), and overall (γ) diversity. We then analysed the variation in canopy height diversity over an extensive gradient of disturbance rates.

Results
Diversity in canopy height was strongly driven by disturbance rate, with highest overall diversity between 0.5 and 1.5% of the forest area disturbed per year. The unimodal responses of overall diversity to disturbance emerged from contrasting within- and between-patch responses, i.e., a decrease in within-patch diversity and an increase in between-patch diversity with increasing disturbance. This relationship was consistent across study landscapes, spatial scales, and diversity indicators.

Conclusion
The recent wave of natural disturbances in Central Europe has likely fostered the structural diversity of forest landscapes. However, a further increase in disturbance could result in the crossing of a tipping point (at ~ 1.5% of forest area disturbed per year), leading to substantial structural homogenization.
Stationary currents in long-range interacting magnetic systems
Authors: Boccagna Roberto 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe construct a solution for the 1d integro-differential stationary equation derived from a finite-volume version of the mesoscopic model proposed in Giacomin and Lebowitz (J. Stat. Phys. 87(1), 37–61, 1997). This is the continuous limit of an Ising spin chain interacting at long range through Kac potentials, staying in contact at the two edges with reservoirs of fixed magnetizations. The stationary equation of the model is introduced here starting from the Lebowitz-Penrose free energy functional defined on the interval [−ε− 1, ε− 1], ε > 0. Below the critical temperature, and for ε small enough, we obtain a solution that is no longer monotone when opposite in sign, metastable boundary conditions are imposed. Moreover, the mesoscopic current flows along the magnetization gradient. This can be considered as an analytic proof of the existence of diffusion along the concentration gradient in one-component systems undergoing a phase transition, a phenomenon generally known as uphill diffusion. In our proof uniqueness is lacking, and we have clues that the stationary solution obtained is not unique, as suggested by numerical simulations.