bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Description of Surgery Technique of the Lower Trapezius Transfer with Semitendinosus and Gracilis Tendon Graft for the Treatment of Massive or Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tear
Authors: Almeida Thiago Bernardo Carvallho de , Rodrigues Luciano Miller Reis , Tamaoki Marcel Jun Sugawara , Pascarelli Luciano , Bongiovanni Roberto Rangel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The current work describes a surgery technique where the autograft of hamstring tendon (semitendinosus and gracilis) was used as adjuvant in the transfer of the lower trapezius for the treatment of massive or irreparable rotator cuff tear. There is a theoretical advantage that the graft takes a greater footprint area in the greater tuberosity of the humerus corresponding to the infraspinatus, thus recreating the native anatomy more accurately.Methods: The autograft of hamstring tendon was attached to the lower trapezius through an incision of 4cm in the middle third of the scapular spine and transferred to the footprint of the infraspinatus in the greater tuberosity of the humerus, where it is attached through the second incision under the lateral acromial margin.Result: The patient was examined preoperatively and after 6 months of follow-up, and his pain, according to the Visual Analogue Scale, varied from 8 to 3, the range of motion improved in abduction from 100° to 120°, external rotation from 30° to 50° and flexion from 110° to 150°. The Shoulder Subjective Value ranged between 60 and 80% and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score went from 45 to 18.3.Conclusions: The lower trapezius transfer with autograft of hamstring tendons is a low-cost and relatively reproducible surgical technique with theoretical biomechanical and anatomic advantages that may bring about better function results.
Effect of Macrophages in Semen on Sperm Quality
Authors: Chen Gangxin , Zheng Beihong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: This was a cross-sectional study in China, we analyzed the levels of macrophages(Mφ) in semen. The study evaluated the influence of the levels of Mφ in semen on sperm quality.Methods: The subjects were 78 males between 25 and 35 years old. The samples were divided into a low group(Mφ<6×105/ml) and a high group (Mφ>6×105/ml). Evaluation included consideration of the influencing factors of male semen quality, macrophage concentration, sperm motility, morphology, membrane integrity DNA fragmentation index (DFI), anti-sperm antibodies (AsAb), IL-10, and IL-12 in semen.Results: There was no difference in the physical or chemical indices of the semen, sperm concentration, AsAb, IL-10, or IL-12 between the two groups (P>0.05). The percentage of sperm forward motility (PR%), the rate of normal sperm shape, and the integrity of cell membranes in the low group were higher than those in the high group (P<0.05), while the percentage of sperm inactivity (IM%), the rate of sperm head deformity, the rate of deformity in the neck and middle segment, the sperm malformation index (SDI), the abnormal sperm index (TZI), and the sperm DFI in the low group were lower than those in the high group (P<0.05). The concentration of Mφ in the semen was linearly correlated with sperm concentration, sperm PR%, IM%, sperm normal shape rate, head deformity rate, neck and middle deformity rate, SDI, TZI, sperm DFI, and sperm cell membrane integrity (P<0.05), but there was no linear correlation with IL-10 or IL-12 (P>0.05).Conclusions: The concentration of Mφ in semen had no significant correlation with semen volume or sperm concentration, but it did have a significant negative correlation with sperm motility, sperm morphology, cell membrane integrity, and DNA breakage rate. There was no significant correlation with the concentration of IL-10 or IL-12.
A Fair and EMG-validated Comparison of Recruitment Criteria, Musculotendon Models and Muscle Coordination Strategies, for the Inverse-dynamics Based Optimization of Muscle Forces During Gait
Authors: MICHAUD Florian , Lamas Mario , Lugrís Urbano , Cuadrado Javier 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Experimental studies and EMG collections suggest that a specific strategy of muscle coordination is chosen by the central nervous system to perform a given motor task. A popular mathematical approach for solving the muscle recruitment problem is optimization. Optimization-based methods minimize or maximize some criterion (objective function or cost function) which reflects the mechanism used by the central nervous system to recruit muscles for the movement considered. The proper cost function is not known a priori, so the adequacy of the chosen function must be validated according to the obtained results. In addition of the many criteria proposed, several physiological representations of the musculotendon actuator dynamics along with different musculoskeletal models can be found in the literature, which hinders the selection of the best neuromusculotendon model for each application. Seeking to provide a fair base for comparison, this study measures the efficiency and accuracy of: i) four different criteria; ii) one static and three physiological representations of the musculotendon actuator dynamics; iii) a synergy-based method; all of them within the framework of inverse-dynamics based optimization. Motion/force/EMG gait analyses were performed on ten healthy subjects. A musculoskeletal model of the right leg actuated by 43 Hill-type muscles was scaled to each subject and used to calculate joint moments, musculotendon kinematics and moment arms. Muscle activations were then estimated using the different approaches, and these estimates were compared with EMG measurements. Although similar results were obtained with all the methods, it must be pointed out that a higher complexity of the method does not guarantee better results, as the best correlations with experimental values were obtained with two simplified approaches.
Spatio-temporal distribution of malaria one year after the implementation of additional preventive strategies in Bandiagara, Mali
Authors: Coulibaly Drissa , Guindo Boureima , Maiga Fayçal , Konate Salimata , Diallo Astou , Antar Abdou Tahirou Mohamed , Niangaly Amadou , Kone Abdoulaye Kassoum , Traore Karim , Laurens Matthew B , Doumbo Ogobara K , Thera Mahamadou Ali 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundEvaluation of local transmission epidemiology to characterize malaria risk is essential for planning malaria control and elimination programmes. The use of geographical information systems (GIS) has been a major asset to this approach. This study aimed to characterize the local spatio-temporal pattern of malaria infection and clinical disease after implementation of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) and Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) in Bandiagara, a Malian town.MethodsFrom October 2017 to December 2018, an active and passive surveillance system was established in a cohort study of three hundred children aged from 6 months to 15 years old. Weekly time-series of clinical malaria and monthly time-series of asymptomatic Plasmodium carriage and rainfall were plotted. Numbers of clinical malaria episodes and asymptomatic parasite carriers were mapped using Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS). Landscape features of Bandiagara were obtained from Google earth. Clusters of high or low risk were identified under SaTScan® software using a Bernoulli model. ResultsFrom October 2017 to December 2018, 167 clinical malaria cases were recorded, mostly from July to December, while asymptomatic parasite carriage was observed during the entire study period. Three clusters of clinical episodes were found. All were hotspots. They were located in the north-east, south and west. No low risk cluster was identified. Three significant high-risk clusters of asymptomatic parasite carriage were identified in the south, north-east and north. These clusters were located near standing water. ConclusionThis study confirms the seasonality of clinical malaria in Bandiagara. The continued presence of asymptomatic parasite carriers maintains malaria transmission. To advance malaria elimination, control strategies must also target hotspots of asymptomatic parasite carriage. There was a spatial heterogeneity of clinical and asymptomatic malaria. Despite the implementation of additional preventives strategies, the locations of high-risk clusters were stable.
Costing Electronic Private Sector Malaria Surveillance in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Authors: Levin Ann , Potter Rebecca , Tesfazghi Kemi , Phanalangsy Saysana , Keo Phally , Filip Elijah , Phone Si Hein , Eliades M. James 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Private sector malaria programs contribute to government-led malaria elimination strategies in Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar by increasing access to quality malaria services and surveillance data. However, reporting from private sector providers remains suboptimal in many settings. To support surveillance strengthening for elimination, a key program strategy is to introduce electronic surveillance tools and systems to integrate private sector data with national systems, and enhance the use of data for decision-making. During 2013-2017, an electronic surveillance system based on open source software, District Health Information System 2 (DHIS2), was implemented as part of a private sector malaria case management and surveillance program. The electronic surveillance system covered 16,000 private providers in Myanmar (electronic reporting conducted by 200 field officers with tablets), 710 in Cambodia (585 providers reporting through mobile app), and 432 in Laos (250 providers reporting through mobile app).Methods: We conducted a study to document the costs of introducing electronic surveillance systems and mobile reporting solutions in Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar, comparing the cost in different operational settings, the cost of introduction and maintenance over time, and assessing the affordability and financial sustainability of electronic surveillance. The data collection methods included extracting data from PSI’s financial and operational records, collecting data on prices and quantities of resources used, and interviewing key informants in each setting. The costing study used an ingredients-based approach and estimated both financial and economic costs.Results: Annual economic costs of electronic surveillance systems were $130,293 in Laos, $221,749 in Cambodia, and $504,456 in Myanmar. The annual economic cost per private provider surveilled was $32 in Myanmar, $379 in Cambodia, and $521 in Laos. Cost drivers varied depending on operational settings and number of private sector outlets covered in each country; whether purchased or personal mobile devices were used; and whether electronic (mobile) reporting was introduced at provider level or among field officers who support multiple providers for case reporting. Conclusion: The study found that electronic surveillance comprises less than 1% of National Malaria Strategic Plan cost and 6%-8% of surveillance budgets and deemed to be affordable and financially sustainable.
Single Cell RNA Sequencing Identifies IGFBP5 And QKI In Ciliated Epithelial Cell Genes Associated With Severe COPD
Authors: Li Xiuying , Noell Guillaume , Tabib Tracy , Gregory Alyssa D , Bittar Humberto E Trejo , Vats Ravi , Kaminski Tomasz , Sembrat John , Snyder Mark E , Chandra Divay , Chen Kong , Zou Chunbin , Zhang Yingze , Sundd Prithu , McDyder John F , Sciurba Frank , Rojas Mauricio , Lafyatis Robert , Shapiro Steven D , Faner Rosa , Nyunoya Toru 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Whole lung tissue transcriptomic profiling studies in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have led to the identification of several genes associated with the severity of airflow limitation and/or the presence of emphysema, however, the cell types driving these gene expression signatures remain unidentified.Methods: To determine cell specific transcriptomic changes in severe COPD, we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA seq) on n= 29,961 cells from the peripheral lung parenchymal tissue of nonsmoking subjects without underlying lung disease (n=3) and patients with severe COPD (n=3). The cell type composition and cell specific gene expression signature was assessed. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to identify the specific cell types contributing to the previously reported transcriptomic signatures.Results: T-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding and clustering of scRNA seq data revealed a total of 17 distinct populations. Among them, the populations with more differentially expressed genes in cases vs. controls (log fold change >|0.4| and FDR=0.05) were: monocytes (n=1499); macrophages (n=868) and ciliated epithelial cells (n= 590), respectively. Using GSEA, we found that only ciliated and cytotoxic T cells manifested a trend towards enrichment of the previously reported 127 regional emphysema gene signatures (normalized enrichment score [NES] = 1.28 and =1.33, FDR= 0.085 and =0.092 respectively). Among the significantly altered genes present in ciliated epithelial cells of the COPD lungs, QKI and IGFBP5 protein levels were also found to be altered in the COPD lungs. Conclusions: scRNA seq is useful to identify transcriptional changes and possibly individual protein levels that may contribute to the development of emphysema in a cell-type specific manner.
Synthesis of tobacco-derived cembratriene-ol and cembratriene-diol in yeast using engineered enzymes
Authors: Zhang Yu , Bian Shiquan , Liu Xiaofeng , Fang Ning , Wang Chunkai , Liu Yanhua , Du Yongmei , Timko Michael P. , Zhang Zhongfeng , Zhang Hongbo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Cembranoids are one kind of diterpenoids with multiple biological activities, and the tobacco cembatriene-ol (CBT-ol) and cembatriene-diol (CBT-diol) have high anti-insect and anti-fungal activities, which is attracting great attention for their potential usage in sustainable agriculture. Cembranoids have been supposed to be formed through the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4- phosphate (MEP) pathway, yet the involvement of mevalonate (MVA) pathway in their synthesis remains unclear. Exploring the roles of MVA pathway in cembranoid synthesis could contribute not only to the technical approach but also to the molecular mechanismfor cembranoid biosynthesis. Results: We constructed a vector to express an engineered protein fusion of cembranol synthase (CBTS1) and the GAL4 AD domain as a N-terminal translation leader. Eventually, the engineered enzyme AD-CTBS1 was successfully expressed, which further resulted in the production of CBT-ol in yeast with an optimized MVA pathway for geranyl-geranyl diphosphate (GGPP) production, but not in other yeast strains with low GGPP supply. Subsequently, CBT-diol was also synthesized by co-expression of engine-ered cembranol synthase (CBTS1) and cytochrome P450 hydroxylase (CYP450) in the yeast enhanced MVA pathway. Conclusions: We demonstrated that yeast could be applied to the production of tobacco-derived CBT-ol and CBT-diol, which are anti-fungal compounds. And, established a new way to produce the tobacco-derived CBT-ol and CBT-diol in yeast with optimized MVA pathway for GGPP production. Thus, this study established a feasibility for cembranoid production via the MVA pathway and provided an alternative bio-approach for the production of cembranoids in microbes.
Recruitment and Retention of Participant and Study Partner Dyads in Two Multinational Alzheimer’s Disease Registration Trials
Authors: Bernstein Olivia M , Grill Joshua D. , Gillen Daniel L. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Early study exit is detrimental to statistical power and increases the risk for bias in Alzheimer’s disease clinical trials. Previous analyses in early phase academic trials demonstrated associations between rates of trial incompletion and participants’ study partner type, with participants enrolling with non-spouse study partners being at greater risk.Methods: We conducted secondary analyses of two multinational phase III trials of semagacestat, an oral gamma secretase inhibitor, for mild-to-moderate AD dementia. Cox’s proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the relationship between study partner type and the risk of early exit from the trial after adjustment for a priori identified potential confounding factors. Additionally, we used a random forest model to identify top predictors of dropout.Results: Among participants with spousal, adult child, and other study partners, respectively, 35%, 38%, and 36% dropped out or died prior to protocol-defined study completion, respectively. In unadjusted models, the risk of trial incompletion differed by study partner type (unadjusted p-value=0.027 for test of differences by partner type), but in models adjusting for potential confounding factors the differences were not statistically significant (p-value=0.928). In exploratory modeling, participant age was identified as the primary characteristic to explain the relationship between study partner type and the risk of failing to complete the trial. Participant age was also the strongest predictor of trial incompletion in the random forest model.Conclusions: After adjustment for age, no qualitative differences in the risk of incompletion were observed when comparing participants with different study partner types in these trials. Differences between our findings and the findings of previous studies may be explained by differences in trial phase, size, geographic regions, or the composition of academic and non-academic sites.
Operational challenges of engaging development partners in district health planning in Tanzania
Authors: Ukio Kusirye B , Charles James , Hoffman Axel , Kalolo Albino 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Development assistance for health represents an important source of health financing in many low and middle-income countries. However, there are few accounts on how priorities funded through Development assistance for health are integrated with district health priorities. This study aimed at understanding the operational challenges of engaging development partners in district health planning in Tanzania Methods: This explanatory mixed methods study was conducted in Kinondoni and Bahi districts. A structured checklist to 35 participants collected quantitative data whereas a semi-structured guide collected qualitative from 20 key informants (the council health planning team members and the development partners) to obtain information related to engagement of development partners in the planning processes and subsequent implementation of the district plan. We used descriptive analysis for quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative data Results: Majority (86%) of the development partners delivering aid in the studied districts were Non Governmental Organizations. We found high engagement of Development partners (DPs) (87.5%) in Bahi district and very low in Kinondoni district (37.5%). Guidance on district priorities to be included in Development partner’s plans as part of the Comprehensive Council Health Plan (CCHP) was given to 36% of the Development partners. Submission of written plans to be integrated in the District plans was done by only 56% of Development partners, with majority (77.7%) from Kinondoni district not submitting their plans. Only 8% of the submitted plans appeared in the final District plan document. Qualitative findings reported operational challenges to engagements such as differences in planning cycles between the government and donors, uncertainties in funding from the prime donors, lack of transparency, limited skills of district planning teams, technical practicalities on planning tools and processes, inadequate knowledge on planning guidelines among DPs and poor donor coordination at the district level. Conclusions: We found low engagement of Development partners in planning. To be resolved are operational challenges related to differences in planning cycles, articulations and communication of local priorities, donor coordination, and technical skills on planning and stakeholder engagement.
Association between insulin resistance and lung function change: Analysis from the community-based prospective Ansan-Ansung cohort in Korea
Authors: Kim Sang Hyuk , Min Hyang Ki , Kim Hyun Sam , Lee Sung Woo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia are associated with respiratory dysfunction. Although several studies have reported that insulin resistance is related to decreased lung function, the association between insulin resistance and lung function changes has been rarely studied. This study aimed to investigate the effect of insulin resistance on the annual lung function change using a large-scale prospective cohort.Methods: We analyzed a community-based prospective cohort in Korea comprising 7,536 participants whose serial lung functions were assessed. Exposure was baseline insulin resistance estimated with homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and outcomes were annual changes in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), functional vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC ratio.Results: In the multivariate linear regression, the increased in the logarithmic HOMA-IR was associated with a decrease in FEV1 (β: -0.23; 95% CI: -0.32 to -0.13; P < 0.001), and FVC (β: -0.29; 95% CI: -0.39 to -0.19; P < 0.001), but not in FEV1/FVC ratio (β: 0.05; 95% CI: 0.00 to 0.11; P = 0.051). In the generalized additive model plot, L-shaped association between HOMA-IR and changes in FEV1 and FVC were observed with a HOMA-IR threshold of 2.4. Age modulated the effect of HOMA-IR on the change in FEV1, and increased HOMA-IR was associated with decreased annual FEV1 change only in the older population.Conclusions: Insulin resistance was a novel risk factor for the decrease in FEV1 and FVC. The aging process may modulate the effect of insulin resistance on the decline in lung function.
A Risk-Sensitive Task Offloading Strategy for Edge Computing in Industrial Internet of Things
Authors: Hao Xiaoyu , Zhao Ruohai , Yang Tao , Hu Yulin , Hu Bo , Qiu Yuhe 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Edge computing has become one of the key enablers for ultra-reliable and low-latency communications in the industrial Internet of Things in the fifth generation communication systems, and is also a promising technology in the future sixth generation communication systems. In this work, we consider the application of edge computing to smart factories for mission-critical task offloading through wireless links. In such scenarios, although high end-to-end delays from the generation to completion of tasks happen with low probability, they may incur severe casualties and property loss, and should be seriously treated. Inspired by the risk management theory widely used in finance, we adopt the Conditional Value at Risk to capture the tail of the delay distribution. An upper bound of the Conditional Value at Risk is derived through analysis of the queues both at the devices and the edge computing servers. We aim to find out the optimal offloading policy taking into consideration both the average and the worst case delay performance of the system. Given that the formulated optimization problem is a non-convex mixed integer non-linear programming problem, a decomposition into sub-problems is performed and a two-stage heuristic algorithm is proposed. Simulation results validate our analysis and indicate that the proposed algorithm can reduce the risk in both the queueing and end-to-end delay.