bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pliocene colonization of the Mediterranean by Great White Shark inferred from fossil records, historical jaws, phylogeographic and divergence time analyses
Authors: Leone Agostino , Puncher Gregory N. , Ferretti Francesco , Sperone Emilio , Tripepi Sandro , Micarelli Primo , Gambarelli Andrea , Sarà Maurizio , Arculeo Marco , Doria Giuliano , Garibaldi Fulvio , Bressi Nicola , Dall'Asta Andrea , Minelli Daniela , Cilli Elisabetta , Vanni Stefano , Serena Fabrizio , Díaz‐Jaimes Píndaro , Baele Guy , Cariani Alessia , Tinti Fausto 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimDetermine the evolutionary origin of the heretofore poorly characterized contemporary Great White Shark (GWS; Carcharodon carcharias) of the Mediterranean Sea, using phylogenetic and dispersal vicariance analyses to trace back its global palaeo‐migration pattern.LocationMediterranean Sea.TaxonCarcharodon carcharias.MethodsWe have built the largest mitochondrial DNA control region (CR) sequence dataset for the Mediterranean GWS from referenced historical jaws spanning the 19th and 20th centuries. Mediterranean and global GWS CR sequences were analysed for genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationships and divergence time. A Bayes factor approach was used to assess two scenarios of GWS lineage divergence and emergence of the Mediterranean GWS line using fossil records and palaeo‐geographical events for calibration of the molecular clock.ResultsThe results confirmed a closer evolutionary relationship between Mediterranean GWS and populations from Australia–New Zealand and the North‐eastern Pacific coast rather than populations from South African and North‐western Atlantic. The Mediterranean GWS lineage showed the lowest genetic diversity at the global level, indicating its recent evolutionary origin. An evaluation of various divergence scenarios determined the Mediterranean GWS lineage most likely appeared some 3.23 million years ago by way dispersal/vicariance from Australian/Pacific palaeo‐populations.Main conclusionBased on the fossil records, phylogeographic patterns and divergence time, we revealed that the Mediterranean GWS population originated in the Pliocene following the Messinian Salinity Crisis. Colonization of the Mediterranean by GWS likely occurred via an eastward palaeo‐migration of Australian/eastern Pacific elements through the Central American Seaway, before the complete closure of the Isthmus of Panama. This Pliocene origin scenario contrasts with a previously proposed scenario in which Australian GWS colonized the Mediterranean via antipodean northward migration resulting from navigational errors from South Africa during Quaternary climatic oscillations.
Contests over joint production on networks
Authors: Doğan Serhat , Keskin Kerim , Sağlam Çağrı 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe consider a network of heterogeneous agents where each edge represents a two‐player contest between the respective nodes. In these bilateral contests, agents compete over an endogenous prize jointly produced using their own contest efforts. We provide a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of Nash equilibrium and characterize the equilibrium total effort for every agent. Our model has insightful results regarding the network type, that is, depending on whether the network is bipartite or nonbipartite. Finally, considering the sum of all expected utilities as an efficiency notion, we investigate the optimal network structure.
Associations of objectively measured sleep characteristics and incident hypertension among police officers: The role of obesity
Authors: Ma Claudia C. , Gu Ja Kook , Bhandari Ruchi , Charles Luenda E. , Violanti John M. , Fekedulegn Desta , Andrew Michael E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the associations of baseline sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset, longest wake episode, number of awakenings, sleep efficiency and sleep duration with incident hypertension during a 7‐year follow‐up (n = 161, 68% men) and the joint effect of insufficient sleep and obesity on incident hypertension. Sleep parameters were derived from 15‐day actigraphy data. Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using a robust Poisson regression model. Each 10‐min increase in sleep onset latency was associated with an 89% higher risk of hypertension (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12–3.20). Each 10‐min increase in longest wake episode was associated with a 23% higher risk of hypertension (95% CI = 1.01–1.50) and each 10% decrease in sleep efficiency was associated with a 50% higher risk of hypertension (95% CI = 1.02–2.22). These associations were independent of demographic and lifestyle characteristics, depressive symptoms, shift work, sleep duration and body mass index. Having <6 hr of sleep and a body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 increased the risk of hypertension (relative risk = 2.81; 95% CI = 1.26–6.25) compared with having ≥6 hr of sleep and a body mass index <30 after controlling for confounders. Relative excess risk due to interaction was 3.49 (95% CI = −1.69–8.68) and ratio of relative risk was 3.21 (95% CI = 0.72–14.26). These results suggest that poor sleep quality is a risk factor for hypertension. Longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to examine the joint effect of insufficient sleep and obesity on development of hypertension.
Environmental catastrophes, climate change, and attribution
Authors: Lloyd Elisabeth A. , Shepherd Theodore G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn our discussion of environmental and ecological catastrophes or disasters resulting from extreme weather events, we unite disparate literatures, the biological and the physical. Our goal is to tie together biological understandings of extreme environmental events with physical understandings of extreme weather events into joint causal accounts. This requires fine‐grained descriptions, in both space and time, of the ecological, evolutionary, and biological moving parts of a system together with fine‐grained descriptions, also in both space and time, of the extreme weather events. We find that both the “storyline” approach to extreme event attribution and the probabilistic “risk‐based” approach have uses in such descriptions. However, the storyline approach is more readily aligned with the forensic approach to evidence that is prevalent in the ecological literature, which cultivates expert‐based rules of thumb, that is, heuristics, and detailed methods for analyzing causes and mechanisms. We introduce below a number of preliminary examples of such studies as instances of what could be pursued in the future in much more detail.
Skin and nails abnormalities in a patient with ZTTK syndrome and a de novo mutation in SON
Authors: Quintana Castanedo Lucía , Sánchez Orta Alba , Maseda Pedrero Rocío , Santos Simarro Fernando , Palomares Bralo María , Feito Rodríguez Marta , de Lucas Laguna Raúl 
Published: February 2020

AbstractZhu‐Tokita‐Takenouchi‐Kim (ZTTK) syndrome is a rare, severe, and recently described multisystem developmental disorder characterized by delayed psychomotor development and intellectual disability, characteristic facial features, hypotonia, poor overall growth, and visual abnormalities. Mucocutaneous manifestations have not been reported so far among individuals with ZTTK syndrome. Herein, we present a patient with ZTTK syndrome due to a de novo mutation in SON gene, who has dental abnormalities and retronychia of the toenails. We suggest that mucocutaneous features may be a part of the phenotype.
Driving processes and recognition criteria for complex subaerial unconformities in a non‐marine succession: Implications for basin margin shaping during forced regressions
Authors: Olivo Mariana S. , Schwarz Ernesto , Veiga Gonzalo D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA regional sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic analysis is presented in this paper to provide new insights into the morphological complexity and sedimentary mechanisms of unconformities giving shape to basin margins. Although the development of unconformities entails significant sediment delivery to be considered when analysing ‘source to sink’ systems, as well as large palaeogeographical changes related to basin reconfiguration episodes, the complexity that unconformities can reveal towards basin margins has been scarcely explored. A sedimentological and architectural analysis combining outcrop and subsurface datasets shows five palaeoenvironmental evolutionary stages and four key stratigraphic surfaces in a constrainedca2 Ma Valanginian interval on the southern margin of the Neuquén back‐arc basin (Argentina). A complex‐type subaerial unconformity was identified, composed in turn of two subaerial unconformities exhibiting both single and composite motifs, different morphologies and facies shifts representative of large palaeogeographical changes. In the studied stratigraphic interval, two erosional stages occur linked to combinations of exclusively non‐marine‐driven processes involved in unconformities developing. The two subaerial unconformities differ in nature and distribution, representing a novel case of complex unconformities and stratigraphic architectures in non‐marine lowstand wedges. The Valanginian complex subaerial unconformity entails a high diachroneity along strike and depositional dip, implying that the hiatus created in landward settings occurred during relative sea‐level fall and rise stages during a period longer than in basinward areas. Disagreeing with classical sequential models, two third‐order sequence components of a complex lowstand wedge are preserved in proximal settings. Subsidence‐controlled accommodation and interplay between second‐order and third‐order cycles were combined, increasing the prospects of sediment storage and preservation potential of composite sequences towards landward areas. This work improves current comprehension about complex subaerial unconformities formation and related lowstand architectures in proximal settings, providing criteria to understand and revaluate lowstand wedge geometries, particularly for more complex examples, such as the case reported in this contribution.
Reexamine regional models of China's economic growth: Toward an integrated analytical framework
Authors: Zhang Changdong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBased on a selective review of studies of regional development models in China, this article develops an integrated analytical framework, which includes two dimensions. First, a static dimension that integrates national institutions with regional specific structural and informal institutional factors, specifically historical legacies, how they interact with each other to shape local actors' incentives, constraints and strategies of survival, therefore explain different regional models. Second, it includes a dynamic dimension that explores the historical evolution of regional models, with a focus on the coevolution or mutual transformation of different institutions with feedback effects.
Overcoming Ungrievability: Transgender Expectations for Identity after Death
Authors: Whitestone Stephenson Brooks , Giles Howard , Linz Daniel 
Published: February 2020

Butler (Precarious Life: The Powers of Mourning and Violence. London, UK: Versa; 2004) observed cultural shifts immediately after 9/11 and suggested that, with regard to grievable and ungrievable lives, societal power structures “produce and maintain certain exclusionary conceptions of who is normatively human” (p. xiv–xv). The current study brings new understanding to the concept of grievability by exploring the symbolically violent de‐transitioning of trans people after their deaths. The aim of this exploratory study was to examine the thoughts and attitudes of older trans people (40 y. o. plus) with regard to the phenomenon of nonconsensual de‐transitioning after death and the expectations they have regarding the expression of their own identity after death. The wishes of the participants were grouped into four outcome categories: hoping to be memorialized only as their lived identity (25%); only as their identity‐assigned‐at‐birth (6%); as both identities combined (44%); and those who claimed that they did not care how their identity was memorialized (25%). Our findings serve to emphasize the importance of open and honest end‐of‐life communication as well as to underscore the diverse nature of the transgender population and the complexity of the transgender identity.
Analyses of Gas Stratification Erosion by a Vertical Jet in Presence of an Obstacle Using the GOTHIC Code
Authors: Andreani Michele , Kapulla Ralf , Kelm Stephan , Paladino Domenico , Paranjape Sidharth 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The GOTHIC code was validated using three experiments carried out in the PANDA facility in the framework of the OECD/NEA HYMERES project. These tests addressed the mixing of an initially stratified atmosphere by means of a vertical jet in the presence of on obstacle (circular plate). This paper reports on the simulations of three experiments, and complementary, quasi-steady-state tests without stratification, where the flow structure above the impingement plate could be observed by means of particle image velocimetry (PIV) velocity measurements in a region larger than that considered in the transient experiments. Moreover, simulations of similar tests without obstacle conducted during the OECD/SETH-2 project are also discussed. The reference, best-estimate model used for the analyses of the three experiments with different flowrates and initial and pressure boundary conditions was built on the base of a multistep approach. This was based on mesh and modeling sensitivity studies mostly performed for the complementary tests, to assess the capability to represent the flow structure produced by the jet–plate interaction with different meshes around the plate. Generally, the results show that the use of a coarse mesh and the standard k–ε turbulence model permits a reasonable representation of the erosion process, but with a systematic over prediction of the mixing time. The results with the reference model were more accurate for two experiments with two flowrates and same initial conditions and all complementary tests. For the third test with different initial and boundary conditions, however, poor results were obtained with the reference model, which could only be improved by further refining the mesh. These results indicate that a model “qualified” for certain conditions could be inadequate for other cases, and sensitivity studies are necessary for the specific conditions considered in the analyses.
Short term association between ozone and mortality: global two stage time series study in 406 locations in 20 countries
Authors: Vicedo-Cabrera Ana M , Sera Francesco , Liu Cong , Armstrong Ben , Milojevic Ai , Guo Yuming , Tong Shilu , Lavigne Eric , Kyselý Jan , Urban Aleš , Orru Hans , Indermitte Ene , Pascal Mathilde , Huber Veronika , Schneider Alexandra , Katsouyanni Klea , Samoli Evangelia , Stafoggia Massimo , Scortichini Matteo , Hashizume Masahiro , Honda Yasushi , Ng Chris Fook Sheng , Hurtado-Diaz Magali , Cruz Julio , Silva Susana , Madureira Joana , Scovronick Noah , Garland Rebecca M. , Kim Ho , Tobias Aurelio , Íñiguez Carmen , Forsberg Bertil , Åström Christofer , Ragettli Martina S , Röösli Martin , Guo Yue-Liang Leon , Chen Bing-Yu , Zanobetti Antonella , Schwartz Joel , Bell Michelle L , Kan Haidong , Gasparrini Antonio 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objective
To assess short term mortality risks and excess mortality associated with exposure to ozone in several cities worldwide.

Design
Two stage time series analysis.

Setting
406 cities in 20 countries, with overlapping periods between 1985 and 2015, collected from the database of Multi-City Multi-Country Collaborative Research Network.

Population

Deaths for all causes or for external causes only registered in each city within the study period
.

Main outcome measures
Daily total mortality (all or non-external causes only).

Results

A total of 45 165 171 deaths were analysed in the 406 cities. On average, a 10 µg/m
3
increase in ozone during the current and previous day was associated with an overall relative risk of mortality of 1.0018 (95% confidence interval 1.0012 to 1.0024). Some heterogeneity was found across countries, with estimates ranging from greater than 1.0020 in the United Kingdom, South Africa, Estonia, and Canada to less than 1.0008 in Mexico and Spain. Short term excess mortality in association with exposure to ozone higher than maximum background levels (70 µg/m
3
) was 0.26% (95% confidence interval 0.24% to 0.28%), corresponding to 8203 annual excess deaths (95% confidence interval 3525 to 12 840) across the 406 cities studied. The excess remained at 0.20% (0.18% to 0.22%) when restricting to days above the WHO guideline (100 µg/m
3
), corresponding to 6262 annual excess deaths (1413 to 11 065). Above more lenient thresholds for air quality standards in Europe, America, and China, excess mortality was 0.14%, 0.09%, and 0.05%, respectively.

Conclusions
Results suggest that ozone related mortality could be potentially reduced under stricter air quality standards. These findings have relevance for the implementation of efficient clean air interventions and mitigation strategies designed within national and international climate policies.
TULIP: a randomised controlled trial of surgical versus non-surgical treatment of lateral compression injuries of the pelvis with complete sacral fractures (LC1) in the non-fragility fracture patient—a feasibility study protocol
Authors: Barnfield Steven , Ingram Jenny , Halliday Ruth , Griffin Xavier , Greenwood Rosemary , Kandiyali Rebecca , Thompson Julian , Glynn Joel , Beasant Lucy , McArthur John , Bates Peter , Acharya Mehool 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionLateral compression type 1 (LC1) pelvic fractures are the most common type of pelvic fracture. The majority of LC1 fractures are considered stable. Fractures where a complete sacral fracture is present increases the degree of potential instability and have the potential to displace over time. Non-operative management of these unstable fractures may involve restricted weight bearing and significant rehabilitation. Frequent monitoring with X-rays is also necessary for displacement of the fracture. Operative stabilisation of these fractures may be appropriate to prevent displacement of the fracture. This may allow patients to mobilise pain-free, quicker.Methods and analysisThe study is a feasibility study to inform the design of a full definitive randomised controlled trial to guide the most appropriate management of these injuries. Participants will be recruited from major trauma centres and randomly allocated to either operative or non-operative management of their injuries. A variety of outcome instruments, measuring health-related quality of life, functional outcome and pain, will be completed at several time points up to 12 months post injury. Qualitative interviews will be undertaken with participants to explore their views of the treatments under investigation and trial processes.Eligibility and recruitment to the study will be analysed to inform the feasibility of a definitive trial. Completion rates of the measurement instruments will be assessed, as well as their sensitivity to change and the presence of floor or ceiling effects in this population, to inform the choice of the primary outcome for a definitive trial.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for the study was given by the South West—Central Bristol NHS Research Ethics Committee on 2nd July 2018 (Ref; 18/SW/0135). The study will be reported in relevant specialist journals and through presentation at specialist conferences.Trial registration numberISRCTN10649958
Validity and characteristics of patient-evaluated adherence to medication via smartphones in patients with bipolar disorder: exploratory reanalyses on pooled data from the MONARCA I and II trials
Authors: Faurholt-Jepsen Maria , Frost Mads , Christensen Ellen Margrethe , Bardram Jakob Eyvind , Vinberg Maj , Kessing Lars Vedel 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundNon-adherence to medication is associated with increased risk of relapse in patients with bipolar disorder (BD).ObjectivesTo (1) validate patient-evaluated adherence to medication measured via smartphones against validated adherence questionnaire; and (2) investigate characteristics for adherence to medication measured via smartphones.MethodsPatients with BD (n=117) evaluated adherence to medication daily for 6–9 months via smartphones. The Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) and the Rogers’ Empowerment questionnaires were filled out. The 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the Young Mania Rating Scale and the Functional Assessment Short Test were clinically rated. Data were collected multiple times per patient. The present study represents exploratory pooled reanalyses of data collected as part of two randomised controlled trials.FindingsDuring the study 90.50% of the days were evaluated as ‘medication taken’, 6.91% as ‘medication taken with changes’ and 2.59% as ‘medication not taken’. Adherence to medication measured via smartphones was valid compared with the MARS (B: −0.049, 95% CI −0.095 to −0.003, p=0.033). Younger age and longer illness duration were significant predictors for non-adherence to medication (model concerning age: B: 0.0039, 95% CI 0.00019 to 0.0076, p=0.040). Decreased affective symptoms measured with smartphone-based patient-reported mood and clinical ratings as well as decreased empowerment were associated with non-adherence.ConclusionsSmartphone-based monitoring of adherence to medication was valid compared with validated adherence questionnaire. Younger age and longer illness duration were predictors for non-adherence. Increased empowerment was associated with adherence.Clinical implicationsUsing smartphones for empowerment of adherence using patient-reported measures may be helpful in everyday clinical settings.Trial registration numberNCT01446406andNCT02221336.
Mental health disorders research in Europe, 2001–2018
Authors: Begum Mursheda , Lewison Grant , Wölbert Eva , Berg Brigham Karen , Darlington Meryl , Durand-Zaleski Isabelle , Sullivan Richard 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundThe burden of mental health disorders in Europe is well above the world average and has increased from 11.5% to 13.9% of the total disease burden in 2000 and 2015. That from dementia has increased rapidly, and overtaken that from depression as the leading component. There have been no analyses of the research activity in Europe to combat this burden.MethodologyWe identified research papers in the Web of Science (WoS) with a complex mental health disorders filter based on title words and journal names in the years 2001-18, and downloaded their details for analysis.ResultsEuropean mental health disorders research represented less than 6% of the total biomedical research. We estimate that research expenditure in Europe on mental health disorders amounted to about €5.4 billion in 2018. The Scandinavian countries, with Croatia and Estonia, published the most relative to their wealth, but the outputs of France and Romania were less than half the amounts expected.Discussion and conclusionsThe burden from mental health disorders is increasing rapidly in Europe, but research was only half what would have been proportional. Suicide & self-harm, and alcohol misuse, were also neglected by researchers, particularly since the latter also causes many physical burdens, such as foetal alcohol syndrome, interpersonal violence, and road traffic accidents. Other relatively neglected subjects are sexual disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity and sleep disorders. There is an increasing volume of research on alternative (non-drug) therapies, particularly for post-traumatic stress and eating disorders, notably in Germany.