bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in precision oral health
Authors: Beck James D. , Philips Kamaira , Moss Kevin , Divaris Kimon , Morelli Thiago , Offenbacher Steven 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe concept of precision dentistry as it relates to precision medicine is relatively new to the field of oral health. Precision dentistry is a contemporary, multifaceted, data‐driven approach to oral health care that uses individual characteristics to stratify similar patients into phenotypic groups. The objective is to provide clinicians with the information that will allow them to improve treatment planning and a patient's response to treatment. Providers that use a precision oral health approach would move away from using an “average treatment” for all patients with a particular diagnosis and move toward more specific treatments for patients within each diagnostic subgroup.Precision dentistry requires a method or a model that places each individual in a subgroup where each member is the same as every other member in relation to the disease of interest. Precision dentistry is a paradigm shift that requires a new way of thinking about diagnostic categories. This approach uses patients’ risk factor data (including, but not limited to, genetic, environmental, and health behavioral), rather than expert opinion or clinical presentation alone, to redefine traditional categories of health and disease.We review aspects of current efforts to allow precision dentistry to be realized and focus on one of the major innovations that may help precision dentistry to be practiced by periodontists, the World Workshop Model. Another approach is the Periodontal Profile Class system. These two approaches represent examples of supervised and unsupervised learning systems, respectively. This review compares and contrasts these two learning systems for their ability to classify patients into homogeneous disease and risk groups, as well as their feasibility at achieving the objective of enabling precision dentistry.We conclude that: (a) the World Workshop Model concept of stages and grades works as expected, in that periodontal status appears to be more serious in each successive stage. In addition, the seriousness and the complexity of the disease are greater as the grade increases within each stage. Stages and grades are important for precision dentistry because they consider the risk of future disease and the prognosis, and enable practitioners to use more signs, symptoms, and other associated factors when placing a patient in a diagnostic category; (b) the assignment of stages and grades using unsupervised learning systems is superior to using supervised learning systems for the prediction of 10‐year tooth loss and 3‐year attachment loss progression. In addition, the unsupervised learning approach (Periodontal Profile Class stages) results in stronger associations between the periodontal phenotypes and systemic diseases and conditions (prevalent diabetes, C‐reactive protein, and incident stroke). This probably occurs because an unsupervised learning model produces more data‐driven, mutually exclusive, homogeneous groups than a supervised learning model.
Host‐microbe interactions: Profiles in the transcriptome, the proteome, and the metabolome
Authors: Nguyen Trang , Sedghi Lea , Ganther Sean , Malone Erin , Kamarajan Pachiyappan , Kapila Yvonne L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPeriodontal studies using transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics encompass the collection of mRNA transcripts, proteins, and small‐molecule chemicals in the context of periodontal health and disease. The number of studies using these approaches has significantly increased in the last decade and they have provided new insight into the pathogenesis and host‐microbe interactions that define periodontal diseases. This review provides an overview of current molecular findings using ‐omic approaches that underlie periodontal disease, including modulation of the host immune response, tissue homeostasis, and complex metabolic processes of the host and the oral microbiome. Integration of these ‐omic approaches will broaden our perspective of the molecular mechanisms involved in periodontal disease, advancing and improving the diagnosis and treatment of various stages and forms of periodontal disease.
Unveiling the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes: Studies on local and peripheral immune cells
Authors: De Luccia Thiago P. B. , Pendeloski Karen P. T. , Ono Erika , Mattar Rosiane , Pares David B. S. , Yazaki Sun Sue , Daher Silvia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been associated with impaired maternal immune response. Our aim was to review the available literature linking immune cells profile to GDM, in order to comprehend the role that different subpopulations play in the development of this pathology. We searched in PubMed for studies published in the last decade on circulating levels and placenta expression of immune cells on GDM. We identified 18 studies with several differences regarding the study design, clinical characteristics, number of participants, cell subpopulation and type of sample. Most studies assessed only one subpopulation either in peripheral blood or placenta and did not analyse functional properties of the cells. The most frequently evaluated immune cells were T lymphocytes, especially regulatory T (Tregs), and natural killer (NK) cells in the peripheral blood, and placental macrophages. No studies analysing B cells were identified, and only one study each evaluating γδT cells, dendritic cell (DC) and monocytes was found. Although there are controversies, at least one study reported positive association between GDM and CD4+(activated), Tregs, Th17 and γδT cells; neutrophil/lymphocyte; NK cell (cytotoxic); macrophages; and monocytes. The number of studies is still small, so caution should be exercised in interpreting the data, and further research is required to validate these findings and establish the role of adaptive and innate immune cells in GDM pathophysiology.
When Ignoring the News and Going Hiking Can Help You Save the World: Environmental Activist Strategies for Persistence
Authors: Driscoll Daniel 
Published: December 2019

Social movement research has long examined why activists persist. Little attention has been paid, however, to how persistent environmental activists use personalized strategies to cope with challenges. This article draws on data from 30 in‐depth interviews with long‐term environmental activists to shed light on this understudied phenomenon. The interviewees point to a number of strategies they use to mitigate the challenges they experience in their activism:(1) they have a self‐care practice, primarily in the form of spending time in nature; (2) they adopt various personalized orientations, such as bracketing or ignoring structural environmental challenges, focusing on what they can control, deciding that they have no choice but to persist, focusing on long‐term outcomes, and being realistic about the possibilities of change; and (3) they integrate work, activism, and life balance by shaping their careers and sense of life purpose around the environment. The article concludes with a discussion of whether these strategies are generalizable beyond the environmental movement.
Biomechanical comparison of knotted and knotless stabilization techniques of the tarsal medial collateral ligament in cats: A cadaveric study
Authors: Luescher Muriel , Schmierer Philipp A. , Park Brian H. , Pozzi Antonio , Gutbrod Andreas , Evans Rich , Knell Sebastian C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo compare mechanical properties of intact feline medial collateral ligaments and three techniques for treatment of feline medial tarsal instability.Study designControlled laboratory study.Sample populationForty‐eight normal, adult feline tarsi.MethodsThree repairs were tested: a bone tunnel with polypropylene (PP) suture, a bone tunnel with polyethylene (PE) cord, and a knotless anchor technique with PE cord. A cyclic (6‐N preload; 5‐N amplitude; 2‐Hz frequency) tensile test (600 cycles) was performed on feline tarsi with either the long or the short medial tarsal ligament intact, with each reconstruction technique followed by a single‐cycle load‐to‐failure test (0.5 mm/s) with a failure point at 2 mm of displacement. Total elongation, peak‐to‐peak elongation, stiffness, and maximum load to failure point were compared with the intact condition.ResultsNo differences in stiffness, total elongation, or peak‐to‐peak elongation were found between specimens repaired with the knotless technique and intact controls (P > .04), whereas tarsi repaired with the tunnel technique and PP were weaker (P < .008). Total and conditioning elongation were greater after tunnel reconstruction with PP than after knotless reconstruction (P= .005). Mean load to 2 mm of displacement tended (P= .03) to be higher after knotless than after knotted PP repairs and did not differ (P= .47) between tarsi repaired with the tunnel or anchor repairs with PE.ConclusionThe mechanical properties of intact tarsi were superior to those of tarsi repaired with tunnel techniques and PP but were similar to those of tarsi repaired with knotless techniques with PE.Clinical significanceFeline tarsal stabilization with the knotless technique for tarsal medial collateral ligament insufficiency may reduce the requirement for or duration of postoperative coaptation.
Basal cell carcinoma invasion depth determined with 30 and 75 MHz high-frequency ultrasound and histopathology – a comparative study
Authors: Khlebnikova Albina , Molochkov Vladimir , Selezneva Elena , Belova Lyubov , Bezugly Artur , Sedova Tatiana , Molochkov Anton 
Published: December 2019

Aim: To compare the depth spread of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) measured by histological examination and high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) imaging with 30-MHz and 75-MHz probes.Materials and methods: HFUS skin imaging was used to examine 27 BCCs. A specialized high-resolution digital ultrasound imaging system DUB (TPM GmbH, Germany) with 75-MHz and 30-MHz probes was used. After HFUS scanning, the BCCs biopsy samples were collected by punch biopsy or surgical excision for the morphological examination. Based on the histomorphology results obtained, the tumors were divided into thin (≤1 mm invasion depth) and thick (>1 mm invasion depth). Each BCC spread depth was measured during the HFUS examination with 75-MHz and 30-MHz ultrasound probes and morphological examination.Results: Thin BCCs average invasiondepth measured histologically was 0.494±0.212 mm. Its average depth obtained with HFU examination with 75-MHz and 30-MHz probes was 0.591±0.265 and 0.734±0.123 mm, respectively. High, statistically significant correlation betweenthe histological and 75 MHz HFU measurements was obtained (r=0.870). The correlation was weak (r=0.290) when using a 30 MHz transducer. The average thick BCC invasion depth values obtained with the histological examination and 30 MHz HFUS scanning was 1.845±0.718 mm and 1.995±0.699 mm, respectively. High, statistically significant (r=0.951) correlation between the thick BCC spread depth measured with 30 MHz transducer and histomorphological examination was obtained.Conclusions: In cases of BCCs with thickness of ≤1 mm, there was a high correlation (r=0.870) of the tumor spread depth between micromorphological measurements and the results obtained using a 75 MHz transducer and in cases of BCCs with thickness of >1 mm, a very high correlation (r=0.951) of the tumor spread depth was observed between histomorphometry and30 MHz transducer measurements.
Moving Toward Active Lifestyles: The Change of Transit-Related Walking to Work From 2009 to 2017
Authors: Yu Chia-Yuan , Wang Biyuan 
Published: December 2019

Background: This study explored the percentage change of walking to/from public transit to work from 2009 to 2017 in general and for specific sociodemographic characteristics. Furthermore, this study also examined the sociodemographic characteristics of those who walked to/from transit to work and those who walked 30 minutes or more per day to/from transit to work and compared the difference between 2009 and 2017. Methods: 2009 and 2017 National Household Travel Survey were used. This study used weighted logistic regressions to explore the sociodemographic characteristics of those who walked to/from transit to work and those who walked 30 minutes or more per day to/from transit to work in both 2009 and 2017. Results: The percentage of trips achieving the recommended level of physical activity (30 min or more per day) by walking to/from transit work solely has a slightly increase from 9 in 2009 to 9.5 in 2017. However, the weighted percentages of walking to/from transit to work decreased for low-education, low-income, and minority populations. High population density areas were related to more transit-related walking trips to work in both 2009 and 2017. Conclusions: Policymakers in terms of transit location and service should consider low-education, low-income, and minority populations to address potential equity issues.
Carbohydrate and Amino Acid Fermentation in the Free-Living Primitive ProtozoonHexamitasp
Authors: Biagini Giancarlo A. , McIntyre Peter S. , Finlay Bland J. , Lloyd David 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTHexamitasp. is an amitochondriate free-living diplomonad which inhabits O2-limited environments, such as the deep waters and sediments of lakes and marine basins.13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals ethanol, lactate, acetate, and alanine as products of glucose fermentation under microaerobic conditions (23 to 34 μM O2). Propionic acid and butyric acid were also detected and are believed to be the result of fermentation of alternative substrates. Production of organic acids was greatest under microaerobic conditions (15 μM O2) and decreased under anaerobic (<0.25 μM O2) and aerobic (200 to 250 μM O2) conditions. Microaerobic incubation resulted in the production of high levels of oxidized end products (70% acetate) compared to that produced under anoxic conditions (20% acetate). In addition, data suggest thatHexamitacells contain the arginine dihydrolase pathway, generating energy from the catabolism of arginine to citrulline, ornithine, NH4+, and CO2. The rate of arginine catabolism was higher under anoxic conditions than under microaerobic conditions.Hexamitacells were able to grow in the absence of a carbohydrate source, albeit with a lower growth rate and yield.
13
C and
1
H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of Glycogen Futile Cycling in Strains of the Genus
Fibrobacter
Authors: Matheron Christelle , Delort Anne-Marie , Gaudet Geneviève , Forano Evelyne , Liptaj Tibor 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

We investigated the carbon metabolism of three strains of
Fibrobacter succinogenes
and one strain of
Fibrobacter intestinalis
. The four strains produced the same amounts of the metabolites succinate, acetate, and formate in approximately the same ratio (3.7/1/0.3). The four strains similarly stored glycogen during all growth phases, and the glycogen-to-protein ratio was close to 0.6 during the exponential growth phase.
13
C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of [1-
13
C]glucose utilization by resting cells of the four strains revealed a reversal of glycolysis at the triose phosphate level and the same metabolic pathways. Glycogen futile cycling was demonstrated by
13
C NMR by following the simultaneous metabolism of labeled [
13
C]glycogen and exogenous unlabeled glucose. The isotopic dilutions of the CH
2
of succinate and the CH
3
of acetate when the resting cells were metabolizing [1-
13
C]glucose and unlabeled glycogen were precisely quantified by using
13
C-filtered spin-echo difference
1
H NMR spectroscopy. The measured isotopic dilutions were not the same for succinate and acetate; in the case of succinate, the dilutions reflected only the contribution of glycogen futile cycling, while in the case of acetate, another mechanism was also involved. Results obtained in complementary experiments are consistent with reversal of the succinate synthesis pathway. Our results indicated that for all of the strains, from 12 to 16% of the glucose entering the metabolic pathway originated from prestored glycogen. Although genetically diverse, the four
Fibrobacter
strains studied had very similar carbon metabolism characteristics.
Thermocrinis ruber
gen. nov., sp. nov., a Pink-Filament-Forming Hyperthermophilic Bacterium Isolated from Yellowstone National Park
Authors: Huber Robert , Eder Wolfgang , Heldwein Stefan , Wanner Gerhard , Huber Harald , Rachel Reinhard , Stetter Karl O. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

A novel hyperthermophilic bacterium was isolated from pink filamentous streamers (pink filaments) occurring in the upper outflow channel (temperature, 82 to 88°C) of Octopus Spring in Yellowstone National Park, Wyo. The gram-negative cells grew at low salinity at temperatures up to 89°C in the neutral to alkaline pH range. Depending on the culture conditions, the organisms occurred as single motile rods, as aggregates, or as long filaments that formed streamer-like cell masses. The novel isolate grew chemolithoautotrophically with hydrogen, thiosulfate, and elemental sulfur as electron donors and oxygen as the electron acceptor. Alternatively, under aerobic conditions, formate and formamide served as sole energy and carbon sources. The novel isolate had a 16S rRNA sequence closely related to the 16S rRNA sequence obtained from uncultivated pink filaments. It represents a new genus in the order
Aquificales
, the type species of which we name
Thermocrinis ruber
(type strain, OC 1/4 [= DSM 12173]).
Capacity of Nine Thermostable DNA Polymerases To Mediate DNA Amplification in the Presence of PCR-Inhibiting Samples
Authors: Abu Al-Soud Waleed , Rådström Peter 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

The PCR is an extremely powerful method for detecting microorganisms. However, its full potential as a rapid detection method is limited by the inhibition of the thermostable DNA polymerase from
Thermus aquaticus
by many components found in complex biological samples. In this study, we have compared the effects of known PCR-inhibiting samples on nine thermostable DNA polymerases. Samples of blood, cheese, feces, and meat, as well as various ions, were added to PCR mixtures containing various thermostable DNA polymerases. The nucleic acid amplification capacity of the nine polymerases, under buffer conditions recommended by the manufacturers, was evaluated by using a PCR-based detection method for
Listeria monocytogenes
in the presence of purified template DNA and different concentrations of PCR inhibitors. The Ampli
Taq
Gold and the
Taq
DNA polymerases from
Thermus aquaticus
were totally inhibited in the presence of 0.004% (vol/vol) blood in the PCR mixture, while the Hot
Tub
,
Pwo
,
rTth
, and
Tfl
DNA polymerases were able to amplify DNA in the presence of 20% (vol/vol) blood without reduced amplification sensitivity. The DNA polymerase from
Thermotoga maritima
(
Ultma
) was found to be the most susceptible to PCR inhibitors present in cheese, feces, and meat samples. When the inhibitory effect of K and Na ions was tested on the nine polymerases, Hot
Tub
from
Thermus flavus
and
rTth
from
Thermus thermophilus
were the most resistant. Thus, the PCR-inhibiting effect of various components in biological samples can, to some extent, be eliminated by the use of the appropriate thermostable DNA polymerase.
Development of Bacterium-Based Heavy Metal Biosorbents: Enhanced Uptake of Cadmium and Mercury by
Escherichia coli
Expressing a Metal Binding Motif
Authors: Pazirandeh Mehran , Wells Bridget M. , Ryan Rebecca L. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

A gene coding for a de novo peptide sequence containing a metal binding motif was chemically synthesized and expressed in
Escherichia coli
as a fusion with the maltose binding protein. Bacterial cells expressing the metal binding peptide fusion demonstrated enhanced binding of Cd
2+
and Hg
2+
compared to bacterial cells lacking the metal binding peptide. The potential use of genetically engineered bacteria as biosorbents for the removal of heavy metals from wastewaters is discussed.
Loss of Ammonia Monooxygenase Activity in
Nitrosomonas europaea
upon Exposure to Nitrite
Authors: Stein Lisa Y. , Arp Daniel J. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

Nitrosomonas europaea
, an obligate ammonia-oxidizing bacterium, lost an increasing amount of ammonia oxidation activity upon exposure to increasing concentrations of nitrite, the primary product of ammonia-oxidizing metabolism. The loss of activity was specific to the ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) enzyme, as confirmed by a decreased rate of NH
4
+
-dependent O
2
consumption, some loss of active AMO molecules observed by polypeptide labeling with
14
C
2
H
2
, the protection of activity by substrates of AMO, and the requirement for copper. The loss of AMO activity via nitrite occurred under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and more activity was lost under alkaline than under acidic conditions except in the presence of large concentrations (20 mM) of nitrite. These results indicate that nitrite toxicity in
N. europaea
is mediated by a unique mechanism that is specific for AMO.
Pathogenicity of
Vibrio alginolyticus
for Cultured Gilt-Head Sea Bream (
Sparus aurata
L.)
Authors: Balebona M. Carmen , Andreu Manuel J. , Bordas M. Angeles , Zorrilla Irene , Moriñigo Miguel A. , Borrego Juan J. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

The in vivo and in vitro pathogenic activities of whole cells and extracellular products of
Vibrio alginolyticus
for cultured gilt-head sea bream were evaluated. The 50% lethal doses ranged from 5.4 × 10
4
to 1.0 × 10
6
CFU/g of body weight. The strains examined had the ability to adhere to skin, gill, and intestinal mucus of sea bream and to cultured cells of a chinook salmon embryo cell line. In addition, the in vitro ability of
V. alginolyticus
to adhere to mucus and skin cells of sea bream was demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy. The biological activities of extracellular products of
V. alginolyticus
were hydrolytic activities; the products were able to degrade sea bream mucus.
V. alginolyticus
was cytotoxic for fish cell lines and lethal for sea bream. Moreover, the extracellular products could degrade sea bream tissues. However, experiments performed with the bath immersion inoculation technique demonstrated that
V. alginolyticus
should be considered a pathogen for sea bream only when the mucus layer is removed and the skin is damaged.