bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting mitochondria to protect the heart: a matter of balance?
Authors: Zouein Fouad A. , Booz George W. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic, undergoing both fission and fusion. Evidence indicates that a balance between these two processes is necessary to maintain a healthy state. With ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) of the heart, fission is enhanced and is associated with mitochondrial swelling, depolarization, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as apoptosis. Blocking fission is effective in reducing I/R-induced tissue damage and contractile dysfunction. In a groundbreaking study appearing in Clinical Science, Maneechote et al. assessed whether correcting the imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics with I/R by enhancing fusion would also be protective. Using a rat model, they investigated the efficacy of pharmacological intervention with mitochondrial fusion promoter-M1 (M1) given before ischemia, during ischemia, or at the onset of reperfusion. With pretreatment being the most effective, they found that M1 attenuated the incidence of arrhythmias, reduced infarct size, preserved cardiac function, and decreased mortality. M1 reduced I/R-induced increases in cytosolic cytochrome c, cleaved caspase 3, and apoptosis. All M1 groups exhibited modestly attenuated I/R-induced mitochondrial ROS levels and swelling, and preserved mitochondrial membrane potential. M1 also prevented a decrease in complex V levels with I/R. However, exactly how M1 stimulates mitochondrial fusion is unclear and other nonfusion-related actions of this phenylhydrazone compound should be considered, such as anti-oxidant actions, preconditioning signaling, or effects on putative mitochondrial connexin 43.
The Impact of Home-Based Exercise Program on Physical Function of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Ju Hongbo , Chen Haojun , Mi Caixia , Chen Yifei , Zuang Caijiao 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Home-based exercise program showed the potential in improving physical function of chronic kidney disease patients, and it might need low associated costs. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the impact of home-based exercise program on physical function of chronic kidney disease patients.
Methods PubMed, EMBASE, Web of science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases were systematically searched. This meta-analysis included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of home-based exercise program on physical function of chronic kidney disease patients. Two investigators independently searched articles, extracted data, and assessed the quality of included studies. The primary outcomes were 6-min walk test and grip strength change.
Results Seven RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, compared with control intervention in chronic kidney disease patients, home-based exercise program could significantly improve 6-min walk test (MD=79.01; 95% CI=22.39–135.62; P=0.006) and grip strength (SMD=0.52; 95% CI=0.14–0.89; P=0.007), but showed no impact on pain scores (SMD=−1.43; 95% CI=−3.75 to 0.88; P=0.22), Kidney Disease Quality of life including symptom/problem list (SMD=1.92; 95% CI=−1.06 to 4.90; P=0.21), effects of kidney disease (SMD=−3.69; 95% CI=−8.56 to 1.19; P=0.14), or burden of kidney disease (SMD=1.04; 95% CI=−0.75 to 2.82; P=0.26).
Conclusions Home-based exercise program might improve physical function for chronic kidney disease, and more RCTs should be conducted to confirm this issue.
Die Effekte von verschiedenen körperlichen Belastungsmodalitäten auf die kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit bei Parkinson
Authors: Stuckenschneider Tim , Schneider Stefan 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungNeben den motorischen Symptomen wie Rigor, Tremor, Bradykinese und posturale Instabilität führt Morbus Parkinson oftmals auch zu einer Beeinträchtigung der kognitiven Leistungsfähigkeit. Um dem kognitiven Abbau vorzubeugen, gewinnen Sport und Bewegung an Bedeutung. Allerdings sind ihre Effekte auf die Kognition bei Morbus Parkinson noch wenig erforscht. In diesem Beitrag wird eine Übersichtsarbeit vorgestellt, die die bisher durchgeführten wissenschaftlichen Studien zusammengefasst und analysiert. Das Potenzial von gezieltem Sporttraining, einem kognitiven Abbau vorzubeugen, wird in diesen Studien deutlich. Allerdings kann keine eindeutige Empfehlung ausgesprochen werden, welche Form von Sporttraining am besten geeignet erscheint, um die kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit bei Parkinson aufrecht zu erhalten. Hierfür bedarf es weiterer wissenschaftlicher Studien, aus denen klare Empfehlungen zur Trainingsgestaltung abgeleitet werden können.
Kognitive Funktion als Ziel der Bewegungstherapie bei Multiple Sklerose
Authors: Rademacher Annette , Bansi Jens 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungEine reduzierte kognitive Funktion tritt häufig bei Personen mit Multiple Sklerose auf und beeinflusst die Lebensqualität der Betroffenen stark. Körperliche Aktivität zeigt ein hohes Potenzial, um auf nicht-medikamentöser Ebene die kognitive Funktion zu beeinflussen. Neben der Verbesserung der motorischen Leistungsfähigkeit sollte daher ebenfalls die Verbesserung der kognitiven Funktion in der Bewegungstherapie fokussiert werden. Individuell gesteuerte Trainingsprogramme von Ausdauer-, Kraft- und Koordinationseinheiten stellen dabei einen wesentlichen Schwerpunkt dar.
Pituitary Adenomas with Changing Phenotype: A Systematic
Review
Authors: Guerrero-Pérez Fernando , Marengo Agustina Pia , Vidal Noemi , Villabona Carles 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose and Methods Phenotype transformation in pituitary adenomas (PA)
is a little known and unexpected clinical phenomenon. We describe two
illustrative cases and performed a systematic review of cases reported in
literature.
Results
Case 1: A 24-year-old woman underwent surgery because of
Cushing’s disease. A complete tumor resection and hypercortisolism
resolution was achieved. Two years later, tumor recurred but clinical and
hormonal hypercortisolism were absent. Case 2: A 77-year-old woman
underwent surgery due to acromegaly. A complete tumor resection and GH excess
remission was achieved. Four years later, tumor recurred but clinical and
hormonal acromegaly was ruled out. Search of literature: From 20 patients
(including our cases), 75% were female with median age 45 (19) years.
Ten patients (50%) had initially functioning PA: 8 switched to NFPA (5
ACTH-secreting PA, 2 prolactinomas and 1 acromegaly) and 2 exchanged to
acromegaly from TSH-secreting PA and microprolactinoma. One patient developed a
pituitary carcinoma from ACTH-secreting PA. Ten patients (50%) initially
had NFPA; 9 developed Cushing’s disease (4 silent corticotroph adenomas,
4 null cell PA and 1 managed conservatively). One patient with silent
somatotroph PA changed to acromegaly. Treatments before transformation were
surgery (80%), radiotherapy (40%), pharmacological (40%)
and in 2 patients switching happened without any treatment. Median follow-up
until transformation was 72 months (range 12–276).
Conclusion PA can change from functioning to (NF) non-functioning (vice
versa) and even exchange their hormonal expression. Clinicians should be aware
and a careful lifelong follow-up is mandatory to detect it.
Verschluss von persistierenden Makulalöchern durch subretinale Flüssigkeitsapplikation: technisches Vorgehen und chirurgische Überlegungen
Authors: Meyer Carsten H. , Adamcova Miriam , Rodrigues Eduardo B. , Stanzel Boris , Koss Michael Janusz 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Feste Adhäsionen zwischen der Netzhaut und dem angrenzenden retinalen Pigmentepithel (RPE) können das Verschließen von Makulalöchern (MH) nach der Chromovitrektomie verhindern. Die Anwendung von subretinaler Flüssigkeit (SR-Flüssigkeit) mit Balanced Salt Solution (BSS) kann diese Adhäsionen lösen und den Verschluss der zurückgezogenen Netzhaut unterstützen.
Methoden Für ein standardisiertes Vorgehen empfiehlt es sich zunächst, die Netzhautoberfläche auf Reste von epiretinalen Membranen präoperativ am OCT oder intraoperativ mittels Vitalfarbstoffen auszuschließen. Intraoperativ appliziert man eine Blase schwerer Flüssigkeit über dem MH und senkt den Druck der Infusionsflasche auf < 20 mmHg. Danach werden SR-Flüssigkeitsbläschen im oberen, temporalen und inferioren Quadranten mit einer subretinalen 41-G-Kanüle angelegt. Nach Entfernen der schweren Flüssigkeit wird die SR-Abhebung in Richtung Zentrum vergrößert. Es ist notwendig, eine vollständige Ablösung der inneren und äußeren Makulakanten vom RPE zu erzielen. Mit einer temporären Gastamponade kann das MH verschlossen werden.
Ergebnisse Mit einem standardisierten Vorgehen kann die Operation sicher und ohne Komplikationen durchgeführt werden. Maßnahmen wie Sorgfalt bei den luftfreien SR-Flüssigkeitsgaben oder maschinelle Assistenz wurden zusätzlich aufgenommen. In einer Pilotstudie führten erfahrene VR-Chirurgen die SR-Flüssigkeitsapplikation sicher und ohne Komplikationen durch. Der präoperative Durchmesser betrug 1150 µm (651 – 2350 µm). Die sekundäre Verschlussrate für unsere PMH betrug 80,9%.
Schlussfolgerung SR-Adhärenzen scheinen bei persistierenden Makulaforamen eine bisher unbeachtete Komponente zu haben. Eine SR-Flüssigkeitsapplikation lässt sich sicher, schnell und mit minimalem Materialaufwand durchführen. Die initialen Ergebnisse zeigen eine hohe sekundäre Verschlussrate.
Bedeutung von transienten Rezeptorpotenzialkanälen für die okuläre Oberfläche: Einblick und Ausblick – von der Laborforschung zur klinischen Praxis
Authors: Mergler Stefan , Pleyer Uwe 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungFür eine optimale visuelle Funktion ist eine Augenoberfläche mit einem vitalen Epithelverband und stabilen Tränenfilm erforderlich. Eine Vielzahl von endogenen und externen Faktoren kann die empfindliche Homöostase der Augenoberfläche beeinflussen und zu einem „trockenen Auge“ führen. Studien im letzten Jahrzehnt haben gezeigt, dass Ca2+ ein wichtiger Faktor bei der Kontrolle der Epithelfunktion der Augenoberfläche ist. Dabei konnten insbesondere transiente Rezeptorpotenzialkanäle (TRPs) als wichtige Komponenten in Hornhaut- und Bindehautzellen identifiziert werden. Die TRPs sind nicht selektive Kationenkanäle, die als molekulare Sensoren wärme-, nozi- bzw. osmosensibel sind. Unsere Ca2+-Imaging- und Patch-Clamp-Studien zeigen, dass die Aktivität von 2 TRP-Isoformen, TRPV1 und TRPM8, durch Änderungen der Osmolarität, der Außentemperatur und einiger endogener Substrate moduliert werden kann. Diese TRPs werden sowohl an nicht neuronalen als auch an neuronalen Hornhautzellen exprimiert. Darüber hinaus beeinflussen diese Wechselwirkungen die Expression von Zytokinen, die inflammatorische Prozesse fördern oder hemmen und damit einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Physiologie des Trockenen Auges leisten. Zusammengenommen führen diese Ergebnisse nicht nur zu einem besseren Verständnis der Pathophysiologie von Schmerz- und Entzündungsreaktionen der Augenoberfläche. Diese Studien können auch neue Wege aufzeigen, um die Pathophysiologie der Krankheit zu verstehen und die Entwicklung neuer therapeutischer Angriffspunkte beim Syndrom des Trockenen Auges fördern.
Antidiabetic Therapy and Rate of Severe Hypoglycaemia in Patients
with Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease of Different Stages – A
Follow-up Analysis of Health Insurance Data from Germany
Authors: Busch Martin , Lehmann Thomas , Wolf Gunter , Günster Christian , Müller Ulrich Alfons , Müller Nicolle 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background The presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) influences the
type of antiglycaemic therapy and the risk for hypoglycaemia.
Methods In 2006, 2011 and 2016 health insurance data of people with
diabetes type 2 were screened for CKD and the presence of severe hypoglycaemia
(sHypo). The type of antihyperglycaemic therapy was recorded due to Anatomical
Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) codes up to 3 months before suffering sHypo.
Results The prevalence of CKD increased from 5.3% in 2006 to
7.3% in 2011 and 11.2% in 2016. Insulin-based therapies were
used in 39.0, 39.1, and 37.9% of patients with, but only in 17.7, 17.4,
and 18.8% of patients without CKD. Although the proportion of the CKD
stages 1, 2 and 5 decreased, CKD stages 3 and 4 increased. The proportion of
sHypo in CKD declined from 2006 (3.5%) to 2011 (3.0%) and 2016
(2.2%) but was still more than 10 times higher as compared to type 2
diabetic patients without CKD (0.3/0.2/0.2%) conferring
a significantly higher probability of sHypo (OR 9.30, 95%CI
9.07–9.54) in CKD. The probability of sHypo was significantly lower in
2016 than in 2006 both in patients with (OR 0.58; CI 0.55–0.61) and
without CKD (OR 0.70; CI 0.68–0.73).
Conclusion The prevalence of CKD increased from 2006 to 2016. Patients
with CKD exhibited a 9-fold increased probability of sHypo, especially in
patients treated with insulin plus oral anti-diabetic drugs. However, the rate
and risk for sHypo decreased over time, probably as a consequence of new
antidiabetic treatment options, better awareness of sHypo, and changed therapy
goals.
Percutaneous Biliary External–Internal Drainage for Malignant Obstruction of Self-Expanding Uncovered Metal Stents Placed for Hilar Carcinoma: Retrospective Analysis of Long-Term Outcome in 160 Patients
Authors: Bonnel Didier H. , Gangloff Alice , Fingerhut Abe 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Aims and Objectives We evaluated the safety and effectiveness of reestablishing adequate bile flow in patients with malignant obstruction of multilobar self-expanding uncovered metal stents (SEUMSs) inserted for palliative treatment of malignant hilar stenosis, an otherwise fatal setting. From September 1991 to January 2019, 160 patients (100 men and 60 women; median: 69 [range: 37–87] years) with malignant obstruction of multilobar SEUMSs were treated by percutaneous transhepatic external–internal biliary drainage. All patients were followed in their respective oncology services where they were treated (or not) according to local protocols adapted to their disease and overall general status.
Result External–internal biliary drainage was successful in all 160 patients. All patients were discharged within 5 days. Both immediate (4 patients; 2.5%) and late complications (29 patients; 18%) were managed successfully with minimal morbidity and no mortality. After reestablishment of adequate bile flow, the median survival was 191 days (range: 2–5,668 days). Forty-one (25.6%) patients survived for more than 12 months, and 10 (6.2%) survived for more than 3 years.
Conclusion In our series, external–internal biliary drainage was safe and effective; it was life-saving and afforded acceptable quality of survival for patients who otherwise would have been left untreated with short-term fatality.
Heparanase Facilitates PMA-Induced Megakaryocytic Differentiation in K562 Cells via Interleukin 6/STAT3 Pathway
Authors: Wan Lu Ming , Zhang Shi Kun , Li Su Bo , Li Wen , Ji Shou Ping , Gong Lin , Yun Zhi Min , Zhang Xue , Gao Hong Wei , Zhong Hui , Wei Cong Wen , Bian Li Hong , Zhuo Hai Long , Luo Qun , Li Jin Ping , Tan Ying Xia , Gong Feng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHeparanase (HPSE) is an endo-β-D-glucuronidase that cleaves heparan sulfate and hence participates in remodeling of the extracellular matrix, leading to release of cytokines that are immobilized by binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), and consequently activating signaling pathways. This function of HPSE is correlated to its expression level that is normally very low in majority of the tissues. Exceptionally, human platelets express high level of HPSE, suggesting a unique physiological role in this cell. Using K562 cell line, we found a progressive increase of HPSE during the megakaryocytic differentiation. Analysis of a series of megakaryocytic differentiation-related heparin-binding proteins (HBPs) in the cell culture medium revealed an exclusive positive correlation between the level of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and HPSE expression. IL-6 modulated megakaryocytic differentiation through activation of STAT3. Further, we demonstrated that overexpression of HPSE potentiates megakaryocytic differentiation, whereas elimination of HPSE led to a delayed differentiation. This function of HPSE is associated with its activity, as overexpression of inactive HPSE had no effect on IL-6 production and megakaryocytic differentiation. The role of HPSE is further supported by the observation in an umbilical cord blood CD34+ cells megakaryocytic differentiation model. Our data propose a novel role for HPSE in platelets production by a HPSE/IL-6/STAT3 positive feedback loop that specifically regulates megakaryocytes maturation.
Effects of Native Fucosylated Glycosaminoglycan, Its Depolymerized Derivatives on Intrinsic Factor Xase, Coagulation, Thrombosis, and Hemorrhagic Risk
Authors: Zhou Lutan , Gao Na , Sun Huifang , Xiao Chuang , Yang Lian , Lin Lisha , Yin Ronghua , Li Zi , Zhang Hongbin , Ji Xu , Zhao Jinhua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA native fucosylated glycosaminoglycan from sea cucumber Holothuria fuscopunctata (nHG), mainly branched with Fuc3S4S, exhibited potent anticoagulant activity by intrinsic tenase iXase (FIXa-FVIIIa complex) and antithrombin-dependent factor IIa (FIIa) inhibition, but also had the effects of FXII activation and platelet aggregation. For screening a selective iXase inhibitor, depolymerized nHG (dHG-1 ∼ –6) and a pure octasaccharide (oHG-8) were prepared. Like nHG, dHG-1 ∼ –6 and oHG-8 could potently inhibit iXase, and competitive binding assay indicated that dHG-5 and oHG-8 could bind to FIXa. Nevertheless, dHG-5 and oHG-8 had no effects on FXII and platelet activation. nHG, dHG-5, and oHG-8 could significantly prolong the activated partial thromboplastin time of human, rat, and rabbit plasma. In the rat deep venous thrombosis model, dHG-5 and oHG-8 showed potent antithrombotic effects in a dose-dependent manner, while the thrombus inhibition rate of nHG at high dose was markedly reduced. Additionally, dHG-5 and oHG-8 did not increase bleeding at the doses up to 10-fold of the effectively antithrombotic doses compared with nHG and low molecular weight heparin in the mice tail-cut model. Considering that dHG-5 possesses strong anti-iXase and antithrombotic activities, and its preparation process is simpler and its yield is higher compared with oHG-8, it might be a promising antithrombotic candidate.
A Meta-Analysis of Case Fatality Rates of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism and Major Bleeding in Patients with Cancer
Authors: Abdulla Alym , Davis Wendy M. , Ratnaweera Namali , Szefer Elena , Ballantyne Scott Brooke , Lee Agnes Y. Y. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Knowing the case fatality rates of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) and major bleeding is important for weighing the relative risks and benefits of anticoagulation and deciding on the duration of anticoagulant therapy, but these rates are uncertain in patients with cancer-associated thrombosis.
Methods We performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis to determine the incidence of recurrent VTE and major bleeding and their respective case fatality rates in patients with cancer-associated VTE.
Results Our analysis included 29 studies (15 prospective cohort studies and 14 randomized controlled trials) from 1980 to January 2019. Data from 8,000 cancer patients with 4,786 patient-years of follow-up were summarized. Rates of recurrent VTE and fatal recurrent VTE were 23.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 20.1–27.8) and 1.9 (95% CI: 0.8–4.0) per 100 patient-years of follow-up, respectively, with a case fatality rate of 14.8% (95% CI: 6.6–30.1%). The rates of major bleeding and fatal major bleeding events were 13.1 (95% CI: 10.3–16.7) and 0.8 (95% CI: 0.3–2.1) per 100 patient-years of follow-up, respectively, with a case fatality rate of 8.9% (95% CI: 3.5–21.1%). While the estimates of case fatality vary by anticoagulation regimen and study design, the differences between them were not statistically significant.
Conclusion In cancer patients receiving anticoagulation, the case fatality rate of recurrent VTE is higher than the case fatality rate of major bleeding. These findings may help to inform decisions regarding the management of anticoagulation in patients with active cancer and VTE.
The ‘sanction-policy’ linkage from the perspective of citizens and the role of the party system
Authors: Fumarola Andrea 
Published: April 2020

AbstractResearch on dynamic representation stresses the effect of electoral incentives on politicians’ motivation to pursue policies in line with the preferences of the majority of the citizens. However, comparative research on the so-called sanction-policy link is still limited. The present article assesses the anticipatory effect of electoral accountability on government responsiveness from the perspective of citizens across 25 European countries. Results confirm the strong positive relationship between perceptions of electoral accountability and assessments of government responsiveness. Finally, the article examines the potential moderating effect of specific party system characteristics on people’s attitudes. Using multilevel models to analyse survey data from the sixth round of the European Social Survey, the study shows that the link between perceived accountability and responsiveness is conditional upon specific characteristics of the party system, namely fragmentation and volatility.
In search of immersion teacher educators’ knowledge base
Authors: Cammarata Laurent , Cavanagh Martine 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Although it has long been touted as a key ingredient to successful immersion practice, no research to date has examined immersion
teacher educators’ (ITEs) knowledge base as it relates to the work of content, language, and literacy integration in curriculum
planning and teaching. Thus, it is difficult to know whether or not ITEs are ready and able to support the pedagogical transition
toward better-integrated practice in the immersion classroom. This qualitative study set out to fill this gap in our knowledge by
exploring ITEs’ understanding of the nature and role of language and literacy in the context of their discipline of expertise
through the use of an analytic framework designed to examine ITEs’ knowledge base. Key findings point to the need for the
elaboration of a professional development (PD) program specifically dedicated to supporting ITEs’ continuous knowledge growth,
particularly when it comes to the issue of pedagogical integration.
Community interpreters versus intercultural mediators
Authors: Pokorn Nike K. , Mikolič Južnič Tamara 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This article compares the professional profile of community interpreters to that of a particular group of intercultural mediators who work as non-professional, untrained interpreters, mainly in healthcare settings. Through a textual comparison of 13 deontological documents for community interpreters and intercultural mediators, this article investigates differences in the ethical positioning of these two profiles. The results show that while the codes of ethics of community interpreters tend to emphasize impartiality, the documents defining the emerging profile of intercultural mediators position advocacy more prominently. Beyond the differences in ethical positioning, the article also considers other reasons for the formation of this new profile and outlines several challenges related to the partial overlap between the two profiles, which include distorted definitions of the interpreter’s competences and performance, conceptual confusion in the research literature, and mismatched expectations of language services consumers.