bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virus Matrix Interference on Assessment of Virucidal Activity of High-Touch Surfaces Designed to Prevent Hospital-Acquired Infections
Authors: Walji Sadru-Dean , Aucoin Marc Gordon 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objectives/PurposeHigh-touch surfaces are a critical reservoir in the spread of nosocomial infections. Although disinfection and infection control protocols are well developed, they lack the ability to passively reduce the pathogenic load of high-touch surfaces. Copper and its alloys have been suggested as a surface that exhibit continuous biocidal effects. Antimicrobial studies on these surfaces are prevalent, while virucidal studies are not as well explored. The goal of this study was to first determine the virucidal activity of a copper-nickel-zinc alloy and to then examine the effect of soiling and virus preparation on virucidal activity.MethodsA baculovirus vector was used as an easily quantifiable model of an infectious enveloped animal cell virus. Droplets containing virus were deposited on surfaces and allowed to stay wet using humidity control or were dried onto the surface. Virus was then recovered from the surface and assayed for infectivity. To examine how the composition of the droplet affected the survival of the virus, 3 different soiling conditions were tested. The first two were recommended the United Stated Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the third consisted of cell debris resulting from virus amplification.ResultsA copper-nickel-zinc alloy was shown to have strong virucidal effects for an enveloped-virus surrogate. Copper, nickel, and zinc ions were all shown to leach from the alloy surface and are the likely cause of virucidal activity by this surface. Virucidal activity was achieved under moderate soiling, but lost under high soiling generated by routine virus amplification procedures. The surface was able to repeatably inactivate dried virus droplets under moderate soiling conditions, but unable to do so for virus droplets kept wet using high humidity.ConclusionIon leaching was associated with virucidal activity in both wet and dried virus conditions. Soiling protected the virus by quenching metal ions, and not by inhibiting leaching. The composition of the solution containing virus plays a critical role in evaluating the virucidal activity of surfaces and surface coatings.
Prognostic impact of maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the primary lesion on survival in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: A retrospective study
Authors: Qiu Xiaoling , Liang Hongge , Zhong Wei , Zhao Jing , Chen Minjiang , Zhu Zhaohui , Xu Yan , Wang Mengzhao 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has been widely recognized for diagnosing and staging lung cancer, but the prognostic value of standardized uptake value (SUV) in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains controversial. We aim to explore whether fluorodeoxyglucose uptake has prognostic significance in patients with advanced NSCLC. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the data of patients with advanced NSCLC who had undergone PET/CT before systemic treatment between June 2012 and June 2016. The relationship between the SUV of the pulmonary lesion and lesion size was evaluated via Spearman’s correlation analysis. We collected patients’ clinical and pathological data. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze the factors influencing survival.Results: Altogether, 157 patients with advanced NSCLC were included. Among these, 135 died, 13 survived, and 9 had incomplete data (median follow-up period of 69 months). SUV was correlated with lesion size and was significantly greater for tumors ≥3 cm than for tumors <3 cm (10.2±5.4 vs. 5.6±3.3, t=-6.709, p=0.000). Univariate analysis showed that survival was associated with gender, tumor size, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation, SUV of the primary lung lesion, and treatment line. Multivariate analysis showed a significant correlation between SUV of the primary lung lesion and survival. The mortality risk of patients with SUV ≤6 was 35% lower than that of patients with SUV >6 (95% CI 0.436-0.972, Wald value 4.400, p=0.036). Conclusions: The SUV of the primary lung lesion on PET/CT is significantly correlated with survival in previously untreated patients newly diagnosed with advanced NSCLC.
Outcomes and Quality of Recovery at One Year Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Sri Lanka
Authors: Ranasinghe Walithotage Gotabhaya , Beane Abi , Priyadarshani Gamage Dona Dilanthi , Vithanage Thamal Dasitha Palligoda , Colombage Don Dhanushka Eranga , Rajakanthan Kanapathipillai , Rajapakse Sanjeewa , Ponnamperuma Chandrike Janminda , Karunarathne Suneth , Silva Ambepitiyawaduge Pubudu De , Sovis Wellaf Fransiskuge Rasika Deepal , Sajeev Shellvacumar , Jayasinghe Vishwa Prabhath , Schultsz Constance , Dondorp Arjen M , Haniffa Rashan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

. Long term quality of recovery following percutaneous coronary intervention in Sri Lanka are unknown. We evaluated quality of recovery at one year, compliance with secondary prevention medications and access to and uptake of cardiac rehabilitation services.
Methods

. The GRACE Risk Model was used to compare predicted and actual mortality at hospital discharge and at one-year. Quality of recovery was assessed by the Seattle Angina Questionnaire. Compliance with secondary prevention therapy was assessed using international guidelines. Access to cardiac rehabilitation was assessed via telephone- administered interview.
Results

. Between April 2017 and March 2018, 699 consecutive patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. Mortality at one year was 13.6% (93); predicted mortality was (4.5–11%). Functional activity was significantly worse at one year 64.4 (75.6–55.6) compared to pre-admission (100, 100 − 84.4) (P-value < 0.01). Frequency of angina was greater at one year (80, IQR = 100 − 60), compared with 1-month post-discharge (100[IQR = 100 − 80], P-value < 0.01). Stability of angina remained unchanged (median[IQR] = 72[100 − 50]). Patients’ perceptions of treatment satisfaction were high (P-value < 0.01), disease perceptions worsened (P-value < 0.01). Self-perceived compliance with secondary prevention therapy ranged from 75%-82%. Of the 362 patients followed up 146 (44.5%) reported being offered the opportunity to attend cardiac rehabilitation; 128 (87.7%) attended.
Conclusions

. Outcomes at one year were poorer than expected. Patient-reported levels of satisfaction were high, despite worsening burden of symptoms. Research is needed to better understand patients' expectations of quality of acute myocardial infarction care.
Quality of Life and Independence in Activities of Daily Living in Epidermolysis Bullosa
Authors: Chan Jennifer M , Segovia Nicole A. , Ladd Amy L. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Epidermolysis bullosa is a rare genetic skin disorder with four main types. One of the most debilitating subtypes is recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB). Patients experience frequent blister formation that occurs spontaneously or as a result of minor pressure or friction. This often leads to scarring and fibrosis of the skin, contracture development, pseudosyndactyly of the hands, and chronic pain. Functionally patients experience decreased independence in their activities of daily living and quality of life. The relationship of engagement in activities of daily living and perceived quality of life has not been studied for this population. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to find evidence to support this relationship through the correlation of a patient-reported independence in activities of daily living questionnaire and a patient-reported quality of life measure developed for persons with EB. Results: 19 subjects with RDEB aged 9-25 were recruited from a multidisciplinary EB center from 2014-2017. The results demonstrate a slight positive trend in the correlation of independence in activities of daily living and quality of life, though the data was not sufficient to be statistically significant. Conclusion: The results of this study have implications for further research with recommendations to recruit a greater number of subjects. Use of a more sensitive and robust assessment of activities of daily living that also includes leisure skills may yield more statistically significant data. In addition, the findings confirm the important role that occupational therapy has in addressing patient needs and facilitating greater functional independence.
In Vivo Toxicity and the Antioxidant Activity of the Hot Water Extract of Glechoma Hederacea
Authors: Chung Yun-Chin , Liao Jiunn-Wang , Li Kuo-Yuan , Jhan Jyun-Kai , Chou Su-Tze 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Glechoma hederacea belongs to the Labiatae family and has many biological effects. Our previously in vitro studies, hot water extract of G. hederacea (HWG) possessed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Also, the Ames test indicated that HWG had no mutagenicity. However, the in vivo toxicity and antioxidant capacity have not been clearly demonstrated. Thus, this study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant properties and the safety level of HWG by using animal models.
Methods

The genotoxicity were performed by micronucleus assays in mice. Acute oral toxicity and 28-day repeated feeding toxicity tests were performed via the oral gavage method for Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Furthermore, the effect of HWG on the oxidation–antioxidation equilibrium of male rats was also evaluated.
Results

HWG did not induce an increase in micronucleus ratios in vivo, no acute lethal effect at a maximum tested dose of 5.0 g HWG /kg bw was observed in rats. The 28-day oral toxicity study revealed the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of HWG in rats was 1.0 g/kg bw. The HWG-treatment significantly elevated the vitamin C level and the SOD activity in heart, and increased the vitamin E concentrations in brain. The HWG-treatment maintained the balance of the glutathione level and the activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Besides, the level of lipid peroxidation and plasma of total antioxidant status (TAS) showed that HWG-treated rats were not significantly changed compared with the control group.
Conclusions

HWG had no genotoxicity, and did not induce acute or subacute toxicity in SD rat. The level of no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of HWG rats was 1.0 g/kg bw for subacute toxicity study. HWG possessed antioxidant potential and reduced oxidative stress by improving the antioxidant system in animal.
Mesenchymal stem cells in synovial fluid increase in knees with degenerative meniscus injury after arthroscopic procedures through the endogenous effects of CGRP and HGF
Authors: Watanabe Naoto , Endo Kentaro , Komori Keiichiro , Ozeki Nobutake , Mizuno Mitsuru , Katano Hisako , Kohno Yuji , Tsuji Kunikazu , Koga Hideyuki , Sekiya Ichiro 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in synovial fluid increase after traumatic meniscus injuries. However, MSC kinetics in synovial fluid may differ for knees with degenerative meniscus injuries. Furthermore, the combination of surgical repair and synovial MSC transplantation has been found to improve clinical symptoms in patients with degenerative meniscus injury, and in this treatment, only the operation procedure without MSC transplantation might increase MSCs in synovial fluid; if so, soluble factors in synovial fluid will be involved. The purpose is this study was to examine whether MSCs exist in synovial fluid of knees with degenerative meniscus injury, to investigate whether MSCs in synovial fluid increase after harvest of synovium and meniscus repair, and to explore what soluble factors in synovial fluids affect the number of MSCs in synovial fluid.Methods: Subjects were 7 patients with degenerative meniscus injury who underwent meniscal repair and synovial MSC transplantation. Synovial fluid (Pre) was aspirated from knees before harvest of synovium and meniscus repair. After 2 weeks, synovial fluid (Post) was aspirated again before transplantation of synovial MSCs. A half volume of the synovial fluid was plated and cultured for 2 weeks to count the colony formation. The other half was used for antibody array analysis, and the correlation coefficients between the signal intensity and colony number were measured in 503 factors. Factors with high correlation coefficients were verified by migration assay.Results: While cell colonies derived from synovial fluid (Pre) were hardly observed, greater numbers of colonies from synovial fluid (Post) were demonstrated. Of the 503 factors, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) had high correlation coefficients between colony number and expression level. Both CGRP and HGF promoted migration of synovial fluid MSCs. Conclusions: MSCs in synovial fluid were hardly seen in knees with degenerated meniscus injury. They significantly increased 2 weeks after harvest of synovium and meniscus repair. Both CGRP and HGF in synovial fluid can possibly induce MSCs from synovium into synovial fluid.
Optimized Laboratory Detection Strategy for COVID-19 Patients Reduces the Rate of Missed Diagnosis
Authors: Chang Wenjiao , Shi Yuru , Qi Yingjie , Liu Jiaxing , Liu Ting , Chen Zhaowu , Liu Dongfeng , Yin Ming , Xu Jing , Yang Yun , Ge Jing , Zhu Shu , Gao Yong , Ma Xiaoling 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) is an emerging, highly contagious community acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by severe acute SARS-CoV-2. Nucleic acid test currently played a crucial role in diagnosis of suspected COVID-19 patients. However, a high false-negative rate of this “gold standard” test has been reported and posed a major setback in blocking the spread of the virus. We here aim to describe an optimized laboratory detection strategy to reduce the false negative rate. Methods: Suspected NCP patients were asked to collect both coughed up specimen and pharyngeal swab. Samples from the same patient were mixed and tested at a single pool. SARS-CoV-2 was then detected by real-time RT-PCR using two different detection kits. Only if both results were negative was the test reported as negative. The patients will be excluded after two consecutive negative tests at 24 hour intervals. We also used multiplex PCR to detect 13 common respiratory tract pathogens (RTP). Results: Using this strategy, we confirmed 85 SARS-CoV-2 infections from 181 suspected patients, and 94.12% of patients were positive in the first test. The 96 excluded patients were followed up, and no additional NCP was found. We also found that 31.25% patients in 96 non-NCP patients were infected with at least one RTP that may cause CAP. Conclusion: Our studies suggest that dual reagents screening with pooled coughed up specimen and pharyngeal swab samples reduced the false negative rate of nucleic acid testing. During the epidemic of NCP in Anhui province, there was a certain proportion of infection and co-infection of other common pathogens of CAP. In comparison with SARS-CoV-2 detection alone, combining multiple pathogen detection reduces the rate of miss diagnosis.
The Beneficial Effect of Physical Activity on Cognitive Function in Community-Dwelling Older Persons with Locomotive Syndrome: Results of a Pilot Study
Authors: Nakamura Misa , Imaoka Masakazu , Hashizume Hiroshi , Tazaki Fumie , Hida Mitsumasa , Nakao Hidetoshi , Omizu Tomoko , Kanemoto Hideki , Takeda Masatoshi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Bckground: Cognitive decline is closely related to motor decline. Locomotive syndrome (LS) is defined as a state associated with a high risk of requiring support because of locomotive organ disorders, and can be evaluated using the Locomo 25 questionnaire. This study aimed to clarify the effectiveness of daily physical activity on cognitive function based on the presence or absence of LS.Methods: Community-dwelling older people who participated in a 3-month health class were divided into two populations based on Locomo 25 scores: < 7 (non-LS) and ³ 7 (LS). Cognitive function was evaluated using the Japanese version of Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R). Average daily physical activity (exercise [Ex]) was measured using a portable activity meter.Results: The Ex threshold for the increase in cognitive function based on receiver operating curve analysis was 2.29 (p < 0.05) in the LS population. After 13 weeks, cognitive scores were significantly higher (p = 0.015, hp2 = 0.261) and Locomo 25 scores were lower in the Ex ³ 2.29 than in the Ex < 2.29 group (p = 0.052, hp2 = 0.176) in LS population. Furthermore, a significant increase in the ACE-R memory domain was seen in the Ex ³ 2.29 group (analysis of variance, p = 0.013, hp2 = 0.259).Conclusions: These results suggest that daily physical activity not only improve Locomo 25 scores, but also increase cognitive function in LS populations. Therefore, locomotor deterioration appears to be a useful evaluation index for deciding when to start exercise for the prevention of dementia.Trial registrationThe trial protocol and the trial were registered at the University Hospital Medical InformationNetwork Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000030404) at January 1st, 2018.
Dosimetric and biological comparison of treatment plans between EDGE and CyberKnife systems in stereotactic body radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer
Authors: Dai Zhitao , Zhu Lian , Cao Tingting , Wang Aihua , Guo Xueling , Wang Zhenguo , Liu Yongming , Zhuang Yayun , Yang Peiying , Li Ning , Zhang Huojun , Xiang Zuoling 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Aims: The aim of this study was to make a quantitative comparison of plan quality between MLC-based EDGE system and the cone-based CyberKnife system in stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for patients with localized prostate cancer.Materials and methods: Ten patients with prostate volumes ranging from 34.65 to 82.16 cc were used for prostate SBRT. Treatment plans were created for both EDGE and CyberKnife G4 systems using the same dose-volume constraints. Dosimetric indices including Planning Tumor Volume (PTV) coverage, conformity index (CI), new conformity index (nCI), homogeneity index (HI), gradient index (GI) were applied for target, while the sparing of critical organs, including bladder, rectum, femoral heads, urethra, penile bulk and normal tissue outside PTV), were evaluated interms of various dose-volume metrics and integral dose (ID). Meanwhile, the required delivery time and number of monitor units (MUs) during irradiation were measured to estimate the treatment efficiency. The radiobiological indices such as equivalent uniform dose (EUD), tumor control probability (TCP) and the normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) were also analyzed. Results: All dose constraints were achieved by both systems. It showed that the DEGE plans results were closest to the CK plans results in terms of PTV coverage, HI and GI. For EDGE, more conformal dose distribution in the target as well as reduced exposure of critical organs were obtained together with reduction of 91% delivery time and 72% monitor units. EDGE plans also got lower EUD for bladder, rectum, urethra and penile bulk, which associated with reduction of NTCPs. However, higher values of EUD and TCP for tumor were obtained with CK plans. ﻿Conclusions: Our study indicated that both systems were capable of producing almost equivalent plan quality and can meet clinical requirements. CyberKnife G4 system has higher target dose while EDGE system has more advantages based on the considerations of normal tissue sparing and delivery efficiency. With abundant clinical experience, CK provides accurate SBRT treatment with high quality. EDGE system also can be considered to be an option for SBRT treatment for localized prostate cancer treatment.
Increase in HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance among untreated 16~25-y-old youths in the China-Myanmar border areas during 2009~2017
Authors: DING Yibo , CHEN Min , WANG Jibao , YANG Yuecheng , FENG Yi , WANG Lijie , DUAN Song , LIN Qianru , XING Hui , MA Yanling , HAN Mengjie , MA Liying 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Transmitted drug resistance (TDR) can affect antiretroviral therapy (ART) efficacy. Surveillance drug resistance mutations in untreated youths newly reported with HIV-1 are highly representative of local TDR. We investigated HIV-1 TDR, TDR transmission based on molecular networks, and the effect of TDR mutations (TDRMs) on the CD4 count among youths in the China-Myanmar border area near the "Golden Triangle" to better understand TDR and guide ART.Methods From 2009 to 2017, 573 ART-naïve youths (16~25 y) newly reported with HIV-1 were enrolled. CD4 counts were obtained from whole blood. HIV pol gene sequences were amplified from RNA extracted from plasma. The Stanford REGA program and phylogenetic trees were used to determine genotypes. TDRMs were analyzed using the Stanford Calibrated Population Resistance tool. TDR transmission was evaluated from molecular networks of HIV-1 pol genes.Results The average prevalence of TDR was 6.3%, and the resistance to NNRTIs, NRTIs, and PIs was 3.49%, 2.62%, and 0.52%, respectively. TDR prevalence increased significantly during the period 2009~2017 (3.92%~9.48%, p<0.05). The mean CD4 count was significantly lower among individuals with TDRMs (373/mm3 vs. 496/mm3, p=0.013). The rate of network entry of youths harboring TDRMs (63.89%) was significantly higher than that of youths without TDRMs (44.9%).Conclusions The HIV-1 TDR increase and low CD4 count of patients with TDRMs in Dehong at the China-Myanmar border suggest the need for early ART and completion of resistance testing before initiating ART in HIV hotspots. Youths with TDRMs are likely to have links to others, necessitating intervention in onward transmission.