bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SPORTSBOOK BEHAVIOR IN THE NCAA FOOTBALL BETTING MARKET: TESTS OF THE TRADITIONAL AND LEVITT MODELS OF SPORTSBOOK BEHAVIOR
Authors: Paul Rodney J , Weinbach Andrew P. 
Published: August 2020

The predictions of the traditional balanced-book sportsbook model and the alternative Levitt model of sportsbook behavior are tested using actual betting percentages on the favorite/underdog and over/under for NCAA Football. Sportsbooks are found to not balance betting dollars, which is in contradiction to the assumptions of the traditional models of sportsbook behavior. In the pointspread market, more bets are placed on the favorite in contests with road favorites and in games with higher pointspreads. In the totals market, more bets are placed on the over as the total increases and in games on television. Some support is found for the Levitt model of sportsbook behavior, as sportsbooks appear to price to maximize profits when the behavioral biases of bettors are clear, such as games with road favorites and games with the highest pointspreads and totals. In all other contests, however, the sportsbook appears to price as a forecast, as each proposition wins half of the time, even in the presence of betting imbalances.
POINT SHAVING IN THE NFL GAMBLING MARKET: A BOOTSTRAP INVESTIGATION
Authors: Diemer George 
Published: August 2020

Recent research has examined a statistical phenomenon sometimes associated with point shaving in the NCAA Basketball gambling market. In a similar fashion, this study examines the NFL gambling market based on 3,641 games over the years 1993-2007. This research uses a new approach: a bootstrap hypothesis test of equality in the game outcome distributions for large favorites vs. small favorites. Probability density functions of large favorites vs. small favorites are constructed and compared. The results are consistent with studies that suggest point shaving exists, and they counter recent claims that the statistical phenomenon are of a more innocent nature. This research leads to the rejection of the null of no point shaving in the NFL point spread gambling market.
DO GAMBLERS CORRECTLY PRICE MOMENTUM IN NBA BETTING MARKETS?
Authors: Arkes Jeremy 
Published: August 2020

There is little research on whether new information is correctly synthesized in prediction markets. Previous studies have found evidence consistent with, but have not proved, gambler misperceptions on the existence of momentum effects in the NBA. I use novel momentum measures that, unlike prior studies, incorporate the strengths of the opponent and the wins (or losses). With these measures, I test whether gamblers correctly synthesize information on momentum in the NBA. Contrary to previous studies, I find strong evidence for the existence of a momentum effect. Furthermore, gamblers incorporate momentum into their beliefs on the game outcomes. Gamblers, however, significantly overstate the importance of momentum. But, there is little evidence that the extent of this gambler misperception is large enough to generate market inefficiencies, or profit opportunity. Still, the gambler mis-pricing of the information has implications for how well new information is synthesized in other types of prediction markets.
INTERPRETING POLITICAL PREDICTION MARKET PRICES AS PROBABILITIES: A STUDY OF A 2008 U.S. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION MARKET
Authors: Kros John F , Mai Enping , Keller Christopher M 
Published: August 2020

Daily trading in INTRADE’s 2008 U.S. Presidential electoral markets is analyzed in this paper. INTRADE provides a unique bridge connecting the political voting literature and the price probabilities in the growing prediction market research. Since these markets involve only fixed return options, it is plausible, assuming risk-neutrality, to interpret the ratio of an option’s price to the option’s fixed return as representing the probability of the option being “in the money”. Observed price-probability differences are contraindicated by the theory of risk-neutral market efficiency. Several authors have theorized variously generalized rubrics of non-risk-neutral utility preferences that purport to explain these price-probability differences. This paper demonstrates, using historical vote participation estimates, that observed price-probability differences can be explained as a function of the variability of voter turnout in a political prediction market.
WAGERING PREFERENCES OF NFL BETTORS: DETERMINANTS OF BETTING VOLUME
Authors: Paul Rodney J , Weinbach Andrew 
Published: August 2020

Actual betting volume, in terms of the number of bets placed on each game, is studied for the 2008 National Football League season. The dataset includes bets placed through a select group of online sportsbooks, collectively totaling an average of more than 85,000 bets per game. Game-to-game betting volume is shown to be affected by television coverage, as prime-time games on NBC and ESPN have large positive and significant effects. NFL Network coverage, not universally available for viewers, is shown to have a negative and significant effect. Bettors are also shown to prefer matchups between high-quality teams, enjoy uncertainty of outcome, and prefer expected high scoring contests. It appears much of the betting action on NFL football reflects consumption, rather than investment.
Lost Decade, Market Efficiency and Technical Trading Rules: Evidence from Greece
Authors: Metghalchi Massoud 
Published: August 2020

We apply several well-known technical indicators to the daily data for the Athens Composite Share Price from 1/2/2000 to 12/31/2012. Our findings strongly support the predictive power of technical trading rules; further, we ask whether this predictive power of technical analysis can be exploited to beat the profitability of the buy-and-hold strategy considering both transaction costs and risk. We conclude that it is possible to beat the buy-and-hold strategy even considering transaction costs and risk.
A Simple Decision Market Model
Authors: Grainger Daniel , Sun Sizhong , Watkin-Lui Felecia , Case Peter 
Published: August 2020

Economic modeling of decision markets has mainly considered the market scoring rule setup. Literature has made reference to the alternative, joint elicitation type decision market, but no in depth analysis of it appears to have been published. This paper develops a simple decision market model of the joint elicitation type, that provides a specific decision market nomenclature on which to base future analysis. A generally accepted prediction market model is modified, by introducing two additional concepts: “proper information market” and “relevant information”. Our work then provides original contributions to the theoretical discourse on information markets, including finding the sufficient and necessary condition for convergence to the best possible prediction. It is shown in our new prediction market model that “all agents express relevant information” is a sufficient and necessary condition for convergence to the direct communication equilibrium in a proper information (prediction) market. Our new prediction market model is used to formulate a simple decision market model of the joint elicitation market type. It is shown that our decision market will select the best decision if a specific selection and payout rule is defined. Importantly, our decision market model does not need to delay payment of any contracts to the observation of the desired outcome. Therefore, when dealing with long-term outcome projects, our decision market does not need to be a long running market. Future work will test for the statistical significance of relevant information (identified as important in our idealized decision market model) in laboratory and real world settings.
Reclamation of Soils Degraded by Surface Coal Mining
Authors: Fernando Spinelli Pinto Luiz , Stumpf Lizete , Miguel Pablo , Aldrighi Dutra Junior Leonir , Diego Leidemer Jeferson , da Silva Barbosa Lucas , Silva e Oliveira Mauricio 
Published: August 2020

The largest Brazilian coal mine, called Candiota mine, is located in South Brazil, with an estimated reserve about 1.2 billion tons. Since late 2003, an experiment located at a reclaimed site in a coal mining area was conducted, in which a research group from the Federal University of Pelotas has been conducting a long-term experiment on soil quality with different plants species, such as Hemarthria altissima, Paspalum notatum cv. Pensacola, Cynodon dactylon cv. Tifton, and Urochloa brizantha. After 8.6 years of revegetation, soil samples at 0.20 depth were collected in minesoil and natural soil to determine physical attributes, and the organic carbon content. After 10.9 years of revegetation, soil samples at 0.10 m depth were collected to determine the biological attributes. According to the research results, it can be seen that the recovery of minesoil was more effective after 8.6 years of revegetation only in the physical condition up to 0.10 m depth. However, all soil physical attributes and organic matter content are still below the levels observed in the natural soil. The biological attributes after 10.9 years of revegetation have not yet been sufficient to restore a mites and springtails population close to the natural soil.
Comparison of Generalized Linear Model and Generalized Linear Mixed Model – An Application to Low Birth Weight Data
Authors: Ofori Michael Fosu , Twum Stephen B. , Osborne Jackson A. Y. 
Published: August 2020

Background: Generalized Linear models are mostly fitted to data that are not correlated. However, very often data that are collected from health and epidemiological studies are correlated either as a result of the sampling methods or the randomness associated with the collection of such data. Therefore, fitting generalized linear models to such data that produce only fixed effects could lead to over dispersion in the model estimates.
Objectives: The objective of this study is to fit both generalized linear and generalized linear mixed models to a correlated data and compare the results of the two models.
Methods: Logistic regression is employed in fitting the generalized linear model since the dependent variable in the study is bivariate whilst the GLIMMIX model in SAS is used to fit the generalized linear mixed model.
Results: The generalized linear model produces over dispersion with higher errors among the parameter estimates than the generalized linear mixed model.
Conclusion: In dealing with a more correlated data, generalized linear mixed model, which can handle both fixed and random effects, is preferable to generalized linear model.
Alagille Syndrome: About Two Cases and Literature Review
Authors: Akhrif M. , Radi A. , Kmari M. , Ourrai A. , Hassani A. , Abilkassem R. , Agadr A. 
Published: August 2020

Alagille syndrome is a multi-systemc genetic disorder with variable phenotypic penetrance that was first described in 1969 by Daniel Alagille.It is characterized by anomalies of the intrahepatic bile ducts, heart, eye and skeleton, which are associated with facial features . The prognosis depends on the severity of the liver and heart diseases. The authors reported two cases characterized by the variability of clinical expression and evolution. The study concerned two girls aged of 2 and 4 months with no family history, who developed cholestatic jaundice evolving from the first month of life. The aim of this work is to remind the different clinical expressivity and the differentmodalities to manage the patients in order to ensure a best quality of life.
Comparison of Recurrence Rate in Excision of Conjunctival Rhinosporidiosis Mass with and without Cauterization of Base: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Singh Suchita , Sonwani Prabha , Shrivastava M. 
Published: August 2020

Aim: To compare the recurrence rate of conjunctival rhinosporidiosis mass excision, with and without cauterization of base.
Study Design: Prospective randomized clinical trial.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ophthalmology, CIMS, Bilaspur (C.G), India. (Feb 2018-Dec 2019)
Methodology: Twenty patients (5-25years) who presented with conjunctival mass clinically diagnosed as ocular rhinosporidiosis were included in this study. Patients were recruited from OPD ophthalmology CIMS, Bilaspur (C.G). Patients were divided on alternate basis into two groups. Each group had 10 patients. Group1 included excisions with cauterization of base with wet field cautery and group 2 included excisions without cautery. All the procedures and post-operative evaluation were done by the same surgeon. These two groups were compared for recurrence of mass at the same site and other sites. Post-operative evaluation was done at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months.
Results: Patients’ age ranged between 5-15 years were more in both groups. There were more males than females and majority of them lived in rural areas where pond water was the only accessible portable water. Lower lid palpebral conjunctiva was more involved. The mean duration of lesion was similar in both groups. All the patients were examined at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months post-operatively, to check for recurrence at the same site by the same surgeon. The ear, nose and throat was examined by an otolaryngologist. No recurrence was found after 6 months of the procedure at ocular and extra-ocular sites.
Conclusion: Our study concludes that in cases of rhinosporidiosis mass of palpebral conjunctiva, total excision of mass without cauterization of base is as effective as with cauterization of base.
Toward Rapid‐Charging Sodium‐Ion Batteries using Hybrid‐Phase Molybdenum Sulfide Selenide‐Based Anodes
Authors: Huang Yongxin , Wang Ziheng , Guan Minrong , Wu Feng , Chen Renjie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTo attain both high energy density and power density in sodium‐ion (Na+) batteries, the reaction kinetics and structural stability of anodes should be improved by materials optimization. In this work, few‐layered molybdenum sulfide selenide (MoSSe) consisting of a mixture of 1T and 2H phases is designed to provide high ionic/electrical conductivities, low Na+ diffusion barrier, and stable Na+ storage. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is used as a conductive matrix to form 3D electron transfer paths. The resulting MoSSe@rGO anode exhibits high capacity and rate performance in both organic and solid‐state electrolytes. The ultrafast Na+ storage kinetics of the MoSSe@rGO anode is attributed to the surface‐dominant reaction process and broad Na+ channels. In situ and ex situ measurements are conducted to reveal the Na+ storage process in MoSSe@rGO. It is found that the MoS and MoSe bonds effectively limit the dissolution of the active materials. The favorable Na+ storage kinetics of the MoSSe@rGO electrode are ascribed to its low adsorption energy of −1.997 eV and low diffusion barrier of 0.087 eV. These results reveal that anion doping of metal sulfides is a feasible strategy to develop sodium‐ion batteries with high energy and power densities and long life‐span.
Biaxially Morphing Droplet Shape by an Active Surface
Authors: Wang Ding , Liu Yingzhi , Sridhar Sreepathy , Li Yifan , McHale Glen , Lu Haibao , Yu Ziyi , Wang Steven , Xu Ben Bin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDrop morphology can be manipulated by designing localized solid/liquid interactions to create a favorable interfacial energy equilibrium. A topographical surface with hierarchical roughness can be harnessed to generate complex drop morphologies, enhance uniaxial and anisotropic spreading, in a designable fashion. Here, using an active surface is proposed with a responsive roughness (wrinkle patterns) under uniaxial compression/stretching, to morph droplet shape biaxially in a continuous and reversible manner. The keys to achieve biaxial drop shaping are the in‐plane confinement from lattice hole patterns and the programmable formation of roughness, to pin and guide contact line movement in both in plane directions. The complex interplay between wetting and the patterns is elucidated by both experiments and numerical analysis. The results enrich the current understanding of shaping droplets by managing the contact line pinning/movement on an engineered elastic substrate, and providing insights for emerging applications in the areas such as droplet emicrofluidics, liquid robotics, ink‐jet printing, 3D printing and healthcare.
Sensitive Photoresists for Rapid Multiphoton 3D Laser Micro‐ and Nanoprinting
Authors: Kiefer Pascal , Hahn Vincent , Nardi Martina , Yang Liang , Blasco Eva , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher , Wegener Martin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDriven by recent advances in rapid multiphoton single‐focus 3D laser nanoprinting, multifocus variants thereof, and projection‐based multiphoton 3D laser nanoprinting, the necessary average total laser powers from femtosecond laser oscillators or even from amplified femtosecond laser systems have exceeded the Watt level. Aiming at ever faster 3D printing, there exist two options: Using yet more powerful lasers or searching for more sensitive photoresists allowing for higher speeds at comparable or lower power levels. Here, altogether more than 70 different photoresists from the literature and a few new candidates are reviewed with regard to effective multiphoton sensitivity. A dimensionless sensitivity figure‐of‐merit allows to directly compare data taken under sometimes vastly different conditions.
Recent Trends in the Iron‐Catalyzed Cyanation Reactions
Authors: Saranya Salim , Neetha Mohan , Aneeja Thaipparambil , Anilkumar Gopinathan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe review focuses on the iron‐catalyzed cyanation reaction. This is the first review on this topic and covers literature till 2020 and comprehends all the works published in this field detailing the scope and limitations. The cyano compounds are important organic moiety and are widely used in synthetic organic chemistry; this review aims to help understand the various aspects of Fe‐catalyzed cyanation reactions and its scope.magnified image
Enantioselective Formal Arylation of (7‐Aza)isatylidene Malononitriles with α′‐Alkylidene‐2‐cyclohexenones
Authors: He Qing , Yang Zhen‐Hong , Yang Jing , Du Wei , Chen Ying‐Chun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn asymmetric intermolecular Rauhut‐Currier reaction of α′‐alkylidene 2‐cyclohexenones and (7‐aza)isatinylidene malononitriles is realized under the double activation catalysis of natural quinine and 2‐mercaptobenzoic acid, finally affording formal 3‐arylated spiro (7‐aza)oxindole derivatives in fair to excellent enantioselectivity after a tandem cyclization/aromatization process (up to 96% ee).magnified image
Clinical and genetic characteristics of Stargardt disease in a large Western China cohort: Report 1
Authors: Liu Xiao , Meng Xiaohong , Yang Lizhu , Long Yanling , Fujinami‐Yokokawa Yu , Ren Jiayun , Kurihara Toshihide , Tsubota Kazuo , Tsunoda Kazushige , Fujinami Kaoru , Li Shiying ,   East Asia Inherited Retinal Disease Society Study Group
Published: August 2020

AbstractStargardt disease 1 (STGD1) is the most prevalent retinal dystrophy caused by pathogenic biallelic ABCA4 variants. Forty‐two unrelated patients mostly originating from Western China were recruited. Comprehensive ophthalmological examinations, including visual acuity measurements (subjective function), fundus autofluorescence (retinal imaging), and full‐field electroretinography (objective function), were performed. Next‐generation sequencing (target/whole exome) and direct sequencing were conducted. Genotype grouping was performed based on the presence of deleterious variants. The median age of onset/age was 10.0 (5–52)/29.5 (12–72) years, and the median visual acuity in the right/left eye was 1.30 (0.15–2.28)/1.30 (0.15–2.28) in the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution unit. Ten patients (10/38, 27.0%) showed confined macular dysfunction, and 27 (27/37, 73.7%) had generalized retinal dysfunction. Fifty‐eight pathogenic/likely pathogenic ABCA4 variants, including 14 novel variants, were identified. Eight patients (8/35, 22.8%) harbored multiple deleterious variants, and 17 (17/35, 48.6%) had a single deleterious variant. Significant associations were revealed between subjective functional, retinal imaging, and objective functional groups, identifying a significant genotype–phenotype association. This study illustrates a large phenotypic/genotypic spectrum in a large well‐characterized STGD1 cohort. A distinct genetic background of the Chinese population from the Caucasian population was identified; meanwhile, a genotype–phenotype association was similarly represented.
Radical‐Based Synthesis and Modification of Amino Acids
Authors: Aguilar Troyano Francisco José , Merkens Kay , Anwar Khadijah , Gómez‐Suárez Adrián 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAmino acids (AAs) are key structural motifs with widespread applications in organic synthesis, biochemistry, and material sciences. Recently, with the development of milder and more versatile radical‐based procedures, the use of strategies relying on radical chemistry for the synthesis and modification of AAs has gained increased attention, as they allow rapid access to libraries of novel unnatural AAs containing a wide range of structural motifs. In this Minireview, we provide a broad overview of the advancements made in this field during the last decade, focusing on methods for the de novo synthesis of α‐, β‐, and γ‐AAs, as well as for the selective derivatisation of canonical and non‐canonical α‐AAs.
Designing environmental DNA surveys in complex aquatic systems: Backpack sampling for rare amphibians in Sierra Nevada meadows
Authors: Pope Karen L. , Goldberg Caren S. , Nelson Nicolette L. , Cummings Adam K. , Seaborn Travis , Piovia‐Scott Jonah 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Surveys for environmental DNA (eDNA) can provide an efficient and effective means of detecting aquatic organisms in various types of aquatic systems.
In the summer of 2017, the efficacy of a new, integrated eDNA backpack sampler to detect two native amphibians (Rana sierrae and R. cascadae) at risk was tested in complex mountain meadows in California. Samples were collected at 65 locations in 15 meadows where the target species were known to be present or were historically present.
Collection and preservation of individual samples took less than 10 min on average. Environmental DNA analysis methods detected each species at all meadows with visual detections (N = 11) except one with one frog seen away from sampling sites. Bayesian multi‐scale occupancy modelling indicated that conditional detection probabilities at the sample level ranged from 0.30 (CL 0.07–0.65) at meadow heads where no frogs were observed during visual surveys to 0.93 (CL 0.77–1.00) at the meadow foot with at least one frog observed in the vicinity.
Compared with visual surveys, eDNA methods more frequently detected amphibians at the sampling‐location scale. The improvement in detection using eDNA methods was most pronounced for samples collected at the downstream ends of meadows where water converges, where eDNA methods detected target species at 10 of 11 occupied meadows.
These results suggest that the addition of eDNA sampling to visual surveys in mountain meadows will improve survey accuracy and increase the probability of detecting rare frogs.