bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of herbivore assemblage on the spatial heterogeneity of soil nitrogen in eastern Eurasian steppe
Authors: Zhang Minna , Li Guangyin , Liu Bai , Liu Jushan , Wang Ling , Wang Deli 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

The spatial heterogeneity of soil limiting resources is one of the most important factors maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem functions. There is a general concern that herbivore grazing plays a central role in modifying soil resources heterogeneity. However, most studies have examined how large herbivores as a group affect soil heterogeneity. There is limited knowledge about how assemblages of different herbivore species may influence soil heterogeneity, and whether the herbivore assemblage effects might vary with grassland types.

Here we conducted a 4‐year grazing experiment to examine the effects of different herbivore assemblages (no grazing; cattle grazing; sheep grazing; and mixed grazing of cattle and sheep) on the spatial heterogeneity of soil N availability across three types of grasslands (meadow steppe, typical steppe and desert steppe) in eastern Eurasian steppe.

The results showed that all the herbivore grazing increased the heterogeneity of soil N availability in the three grasslands with different precipitation (only cattle grazing and mixed grazing of cattle and sheep in meadow steppe did not reach a statistically significant level). The consistently increased heterogeneity of soil N availability was primarily due to the effect of animal excreta addition, which weakened in drier grasslands, likely because of the slower excreta decomposition. Moreover, sheep excreta contributed more to soil N heterogeneity than that of other herbivore assemblages, and the effect was statistically significant in meadow steppe and typical steppe with relative high precipitation.

Synthesis and applications. Our study indicates that sheep could have larger potential to maintain and enhance grassland heterogeneity than cattle especially in grassland ecosystems with high precipitation. We therefore suggest that managing above‐ground herbivore species is important for conserving and promoting grassland soil heterogeneity, and that the management should also take into account local environmental conditions such as precipitation.
The Hotelling rule in non‐renewable resource economics: A reassessment
Authors: Ferreira da Cunha Roberto , Missemer Antoine 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHarold Hotelling's 1931 contribution is known for providing a basic principle—the Hotelling rule—to the economics of non‐renewable resources. Nearly 90 years later, empirical tests conclude the rule lacks empirical validity, requiring strong amendments to describe the long‐term, aggregate behaviour of its target object. On the basis of Hotelling's unpublished archival material, this paper revisits the place given to the Hotelling rule in non‐renewable resource economics. Our reconstruction shows that Hotelling's 1931 paper has been misinterpreted: from the outset, the Hotelling rule was not valid for mineral resources. In contrast, the consideration of two inherent geological constraints, alongside exhaustibility, offered the opportunity for an alternative basic framework, capable to generate bell‐shaped and U‐shaped equilibrium trajectories for supplies and prices, respectively. Inspired by this unknown aspect of Hotelling's work brought to light by our archival investigation, we sketch this alternative basic model, enabling non‐renewable resource economics to circumvent the empirical shortfalls of the Hotelling rule.
Integrating citizen science data with expert surveys increases accuracy and spatial extent of species distribution models
Authors: Robinson Orin J. , Ruiz‐Gutierrez Viviana. , Reynolds Mark D. , Golet Gregory H. , Strimas‐Mackey Matthew , Fink Daniel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimInformation on species’ habitat associations and distributions, across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, is a fundamental source of ecological knowledge. However, collecting information at relevant scales is often cost prohibitive, although it is essential for framing the broader context of more focused research and conservation efforts. Citizen science has been signalled as an increasingly important source to fill in data gaps where information is needed to make comprehensive and robust inferences on species distributions. However, there are perceived trade‐offs of combining highly structured, scientific survey data with largely un‐structured, citizen science data.MethodsWe explore these trade‐offs by applying a simplified approach of filtering citizen science data to resemble structured survey data and analyse both sources of data under a common framework. To accomplish this, we integrated high‐resolution survey data on shorebirds in the northern Central Valley of California with observations in eBird for the entire region that were filtered to improve their quality.ResultsThe integration of survey data with the filtered citizen science data resulted in improved inference and increased the extent and accuracy of distribution models on shorebirds for the Central Valley. The structured surveys improved the overall accuracy of ecological inference over models using citizen science data only by increasing the representation of data collected from high‐quality habitats for shorebirds.Main conclusionsThe practical approach we have shown for data integration can also be used to improve the efficiency of designing biological surveys in the context of larger, citizen science monitoring efforts, ultimately reducing the financial and time expenditures typically required of monitoring programs and focused research. The simple method we present can be used to integrate other types of data with more localized efforts, ultimately improving our ecological knowledge on the distribution and habitat associations of species of conservation concern worldwide.
The effect of successful parathyroid surgery on left ventricle function in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism evaluated with strain echocardiography
Authors: Atasever Ahmet , Özdemir Emre , Acar Turan , Emren Sadık Volkan , Hacıyanlı Selda , Hacıyanlı Mehmet 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundHyperparathyroidism (PHP) is the most common cause of hypercalcemia in outpatients. It is characterized by many cardiac complications including chronic cardiac arrhythmia, hypertrophy, and diastolic insufficiency. However, there are insufficient data about the cardiac systolic function in PHP. Data regarding the positive effects of surgical treatment on cardiac complications are limited and inadequate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative changes in the left ventricle functions of patients with PHP using strain echocardiography (STE) instead of traditional echocardiographic evaluation.MethodsThis prospective study included 29 patients with PHP. Detailed echocardiographic evaluations were made including conventional and STE‚ ventricle function preoperatively and at 6 months after surgery. Then, preoperative and postoperative STE changes, global longitudinal (GLS) and circumferential strain (GCS), were compared. Patients with recurrent surgery, poor echogenicity, and comorbid conditions affecting STE were excluded.ResultsNo significant change was determined in ejection fraction in the period from preoperative to 6 months postoperative (P > .05). The GLS value increased from 18.53 ± 3.06 to 20.25 ± 3.89, to a statistically significant level (P = .004). The other echocardiographic parameters remained unchanged for the same patients.ConclusionDespite normal 2D echocardiography data, it was determined that the GLS values deteriorated preoperatively and improved by the 6th postoperative month. The detection of early disorders in PHP that cannot be detected on 2D echocardiography, even in asymptomatic patients, may suggest a new treatment indication. For asymptomatic PHP patients, strain echocardiography may be more valuable than 2D echocardiographic evaluation to determine myocardial dysfunction. The recent literature is insufficient, and there is a need for further, more extensive studies with longer follow‐up periods.
Why you cannot make people better by telling them what is good
Authors: Hlobil Ulf 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSo‐called optimists about moral testimony argue, against pessimists, that, ceteris paribus, we ought to accept and act in accordance with trustworthy, pure moral testimony. I argue that even if we grant this, we need to explain why moral testimony cannot make us more virtuous. I offer an explanation that appeals to the fact that we cannot share inferential abilities via testimony. This explanation is compatible with the core commitments of optimism, but it also allows us to see what is right about pessimism.
Automated video‐based detection of nocturnal motor seizures in children
Authors: van Westrhenen Anouk , Petkov George , Kalitzin Stiliyan N. , Lazeron Richard H. C. , Thijs Roland D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSeizure detection devices can improve epilepsy care, but wearables are not always tolerated. We previously demonstrated good performance of a real‐time video‐based algorithm for detection of nocturnal convulsive seizures in adults with learning disabilities. The algorithm calculates the relative frequency content based on the group velocity reconstruction from video‐sequence optical flow. We aim to validate the video algorithm on nocturnal motor seizures in a pediatric population. We retrospectively analyzed the algorithm performance on a database including 1661 full recorded nights of 22 children (age = 3‐17 years) with refractory epilepsy at home or in a residential care setting. The algorithm detected 118 of 125 convulsions (median sensitivity per participant = 100%, overall sensitivity = 94%, 95% confidence interval = 61%‐100%) and identified all 135 hyperkinetic seizures. Most children had no false alarms; 81 false alarms occurred in six children (median false alarm rate [FAR] per participant per night = 0 [range = 0‐0.47], overall FAR = 0.05 per night). Most false alarms (62%) were behavior‐related (eg, awake and playing in bed). Our noncontact detection algorithm reliably detects nocturnal epileptic events with only a limited number of false alarms and is suitable for real‐time use.
Quantitative analysis of hyperkinetic seizures and correlation with seizure onset zone
Authors: Fayerstein Julie , McGonigal Aileen , Pizzo Francesca , Bonini Francesca , Lagarde Stanislas , Braquet Aurore , Trébuchon Agnès , Carron Romain , Scavarda Didier , Julia Scholly , Lambert Isabelle , Giusiano Bernard , Bartolomei Fabrice 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveHyperkinetic epileptic seizures (HKS) are difficult to characterize and localize according to semiologic features. We propose a multicriteria scale to help visual analysis and report results of cerebral localization.MethodsWe assessed seizures from 37 patients with HKS, explored with stereoelectroencephalography during presurgical evaluation. We used a multicriteria scale (hyperkinetic seizure scale [HSS]) with 10 semiologic features, scored independently by two neurologists. The item scores were used to group seizures using the k‐means method. Semiologic features were correlated with the seizure onset zone (SOZ) localization (temporal, prefrontal dorsolateral, prefrontal ventromesial, parietal, insular).ResultsFifty‐five seizures were analyzed, and each item of the HSS was compared between the two examiners with good interrater agreement (85.3%). Dystonia, integrated behavior, and bilateral or unilateral hyperkinetic movements were statistically significant according to localization. Three clusters were identified according to the HSS and correlated with different patterns of anatomic localization of SOZ. Cluster 1 was characterized clinically by asymmetric hyperkinetic movements associated with marked dystonia and vocalization. It mainly included parietal seizures. Cluster 2 was characterized by bilateral and symmetrical stereotyped hyperkinetic movements without dystonia. It represented half of temporal seizures and one‐third of prefrontal seizures (dorsolateral). Cluster 3 was characterized by seizures with strong emotionality and vocalization with bilateral and symmetrical hyperkinetic movements and integrated behavior. It involved half of temporal seizures and a majority of prefrontal (ventromesial) seizures.SignificanceWe propose a first attempt to quantify clinical patterns of HKS. The HSS may help to predict SOZ localization according to three main groups of hyperkinetic seizures.
Forest canopy height co‐determines taxonomic and functional richness, but not functional dispersion of mammals and birds globally
Authors: Feng Gang , Zhang Jian , Girardello Marco , Pellissier Vincent , Svenning Jens‐Christian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsTaller forest canopies may harbour higher biodiversity by providing more and varied resources. No previous studies have assessed whether forest canopy height shapes the taxonomic and functional diversity of terrestrial vertebrates at global and regional scales. Here, we examine the roles of forest canopy height and other environmental variables in shaping global and regional patterns of species richness and functional diversity of mammals and birds.LocationGlobal.Time periodPresent day.Major taxa studiedTerrestrial mammals and birds.MethodsGlobal forest canopy height data at 1 km spatial resolution were used to measure forest vertical structure. Species richness, functional richness and functional dispersion of mammals and birds were calculated using range maps and trait data. Spatial simultaneous autoregressive error models were used to evaluate associations between species richness and functional diversity and their predictors, including mean canopy height, standard deviation of canopy height, net primary productivity, current climate and historical climate stability, topography and human activities.ResultsMean canopy height emerged as one of two predictors most associated with species richness of mammals and birds as well as mammal functional richness. However, mean canopy height had little explanatory power for functional dispersion. Mean annual temperature and net primary productivity contributed most to explain global‐scale mammal and bird functional dispersion. At the regional scale, mean canopy height, net primary productivity and mean annual temperature were the variables most associated with the species richness and functional diversity of mammals and birds.Main conclusionsForest canopy height is an important predictor of species richness and functional diversity of terrestrial vertebrates at both global and regional scales, at a similar overall level to productivity and temperature. Our study highlights the crucial role of the complex vertical structure in shaping the global and regional patterns of vertebrate diversity.
Quality of clinical trials for the prevention of keratinocyte cancer
Authors: Morales‐Sánchez Martha Alejandra , Barragán‐Dessavre Mireya , Peralta‐Pedrero Maria Luisa , Quezada‐Morales Rut P. , Jurado-Santa Cruz Fermín 
Published: May 2020

AbstractKeratinocyte cancer (KC) is the most common form of cancer in humans. To our knowledge, no previous publications assessing the methodological quality of clinical trials for the prevention of KC have been recently published. We aim to assess the methodological quality of clinical trials focused on the prevention of KC in high‐risk groups not receiving immunosuppressive therapy (NRIT) and propose solutions to improve the design of future trials. We searched clinical trials in which the main outcome was the prevention of KC in high‐risk NRIT groups using the strategy published in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO registry), CRD42016045981. Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) criteria and the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool were used to assess methodological quality. We analyzed 23 clinical trials. We found a high risk of attrition and reporting bias in 86.9% and 60.9% of the trials, respectively. Regarding the CONSORT criteria, in at least 40% of the trials, the authors omitted the following information: a description of the trial design, the number of losses and exclusions after randomization, the results of subgroup and adjusted analysis, the estimated effect size and the precision of primary and secondary outcomes. Methodological quality was improved in the recently published clinical trials compared to those published before the CONSORT criteria development. All clinical trials should report in detail the information used to assess potential risks of bias.
Phenotypes of controlling feeding behaviours in mothers of toddlers: A mixed methods study
Authors: Pesch Megan H. , Julian Megan M. , Lo Sharon L. , Wu Yue , Miller Alison L. , Appugliese Danielle , Lumeng Julie C. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryBackgroundMaternal feeding behaviours, in particular controlling behaviours, are associated with risk of childhood obesity.ObjectivesTo qualitatively examine patterns of mothers' beliefs and behaviours around controlling feeding through a semi‐structured interview and to examine associations of those patterns with participant demographic characteristics and classical child feeding instruments.MethodsA convenience sample of mothers (N = 35) of toddlers (mean age 25 months) participated in a semi‐structured interview about their child feeding beliefs and behaviours. Anthropometrics were measured. Transcripts were analyzed using narrative analysis for patterns from which two emerged, known as phenotypes. A coding scheme was created and reliably applied. Bivariate correlates of the phenotypes with participant child characteristics and mother self‐reported feeding behaviours were examined.ResultsThe phenotypes were High Covert Control (n = 12) and Shared Control (n = 23). High Covert Control phenotype membership was correlated with higher child and mother BMI (body mass index) and child female sex. Shared Control phenotype membership was correlated with lower child and mother BMI and greater pressure to eat.ConclusionsTwo controlling feeding phenotypes emerged among mothers of toddlers, which were associated with participant characteristics including BMI, but did not map onto classical child feeding instruments.
Robust data and power in infant research: A case study of the effect of number of infants and number of trials in visual preference procedures
Authors: DeBolt Michaela C. , Rhemtulla Mijke , Oakes Lisa M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAs in many areas of science, infant research suffers from low power. The problem is further compounded in infant research because of the difficulty in recruiting and testing large numbers of infant participants. Researchers have been searching for a solution and, as illustrated by this special section, have been focused on getting the most out of infant data. We illustrate one solution by showing how we can increase power in visual preference tasks by increasing the amount of data obtained from each infant. We discuss issues of power and present work examining how, under some circumstances, power is increased by increasing the precision of measurement. We report the results of a series of simulations based on a sample of visual preference task data collected from three infant laboratories showing how more powerful research designs can be achieved by including more trials per infant. Implications for infant procedures in general are discussed.
Nutritional status and quality of nutrition in chronic wound patients
Authors: Herberger Katharina , Müller Katharina , Protz Kerstin , Zyriax Birgit‐Christiane , Augustin Matthias , Hagenström Kristina 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMalnutrition is a negative confounding factor influencing wound healing. The prevalence of malnutrition increases with age, as do chronic wounds. The aim of this prospective study was to analyse the nutritional status of patients with chronic wounds. Data collection of sociodemographic and nutritional parameters was based on an inter‐professionally developed questionnaire as well as the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). A total of 90 patients with chronic wounds of different aetiologies were included. Pain and dental health were found to be significant factors: Patients with malnutrition or the risk of malnutrition had significantly lower tooth and oral health scores (rs = −0.218,P= .039), and higher pain levels at rest (rs = 0.339,P< .001), while dressing (rs = 0.268,P= .014), and upon exercising (rs = 0.303,P= .005). Our data address the impact of nutrition on chronic wounds and confirm the relationship between pain, dental health, and nutritional status. Clinicians should be aware of adequate pain management and dental health care in chronic wound patients. Further studies, particularly on characterisation of preventive and therapeutic measures in the nutrition of chronic wound patients, are of great importance.
Presynaptic dysfunction in neurodevelopmental disorders: Insights from the synaptic vesicle life cycle
Authors: Bonnycastle Katherine , Davenport Elizabeth C. , Cousin Michael A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe activity‐dependent fusion, retrieval and recycling of synaptic vesicles is essential for the maintenance of neurotransmission. Until relatively recently it was believed that most mutations in genes that were essential for this process would be incompatible with life, because of this fundamental role. However, an ever‐expanding number of mutations in this very cohort of genes are being identified in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism, intellectual disability and epilepsy. This article will summarize the current state of knowledge linking mutations in presynaptic genes to neurodevelopmental disorders by sequentially covering the various stages of the synaptic vesicle life cycle. It will also discuss how perturbations of specific stages within this recycling process could translate into human disease. Finally, it will also provide perspectives on the potential for future therapy that are targeted to presynaptic function.image
Taxonomy and biogeography ofDiapensia(Diapensiaceae) based on chloroplast genome data
Authors: Ye Jian‐Fei , Niu Yan‐Ting , Feng Yan‐Lei , Liu Bing , Hai Li‐Si , Wen Jun , Chen Zhi‐Duan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDiapensiaL. is the second largest genus of Diapensiaceae. The taxonomic treatment withinDiapensiaand relationships within Diapensiaceae have been disputed. Chloroplast genome sequence data have proved to be useful for plant phylogenetic analyses and species delimitation. In this study, we de novo sequenced and assembled 22 chloroplast genomes of 15 species of Diapensiaceae, including all recognized species ofDiapensiawith multiple samples. A super‐matrix containing a total of 107 genes and 18 taxa was constructed for phylogenetic analyses to resolve phylogenetic relationships among genera of the family and withinDiapensia. The resulting phylogenetic tree showed the following strongly supported relationships: (Galax, (Pyxidanthera, (Berneuxia, ((Schizocodon, Diapensia), andShortia s.s.)))). The dated phylogeny and reconstructed lineage‐through‐time plot for the family indicated rapid diversification in the Neogene and an acceleration of diversification rate after c. 8 Ma. Biogeographic analysis suggested thatDiapensiaoriginated in the Northeast Asian mountains approximately 6.06 Ma, followed by northward dispersal to the Arctic and southwestward dispersal to the Himalaya–Hengduan Mountains. Phylogenetic relationships withinDiapensiawere well resolved. Based on the phylogenetic results, we proposed to reinstate the species status ofDiapensia bulleyanaForrest ex Diels, and raisedD. purpureaf.albidato the species rank (D. albida[W. E. Evans] J. F. Ye comb. & stat. nov.). The distribution ranges of all species delineated based on the phylogenetic results were revised accordingly based on specimen occurrences. Our study adds new examples for the power of plastid genome data for resolving phylogenetic relationships and clarifying taxonomic disputes among closely related species.