PENGARUH BAHAN ORGANIK DAN PUPUK NPK TERHADAP HASIL SERAT ROSELA DI LAHAN PODSOLIK MERAH KUNING KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: SANTOSO Budi 
Published: June 2020

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Lahan podsolik merah kuning (PMK) berpotensi untuk pengem-<br />bangan tanaman rosela. Kendala utama dalam lahan PMK adalah miskin<br />unsur hara makro dan mikro, kandungan Al dan Fe tinggi, pH tanah rendah<br />dan sering terjadi fiksasi P. Daya dukung lahan ini dapat diperbaiki dengan<br />memberikan bahan amelioran seperti kapur atau bahan organik. Penelitian<br />dilaksanakan di Desa Sabuhur II, Kecamatan Jorong, Kabupaten Tanah<br />Laut, Kalimantan Selatan pada bulan Januari sampai dengan Desember<br />2001. Perlakuan disusun dalam rancangan petak terbagi yang diulang tiga<br />kali. Sebagai petak utama terdiri atas lima jenis bahan organik, yakni (1)<br />pupuk kandang kotoran ternak sapi, (2) pupuk kandang dari kotoran<br />unggas, (3) kompos dari jerami, (4) kompos dari alang-alang, dan (5)<br />kompos dari serpihan kayu rosela, masing-masing dosisnya 5 t/ha. Anak<br />petak terdiri atas tiga dosis pupuk anorganik yaitu (A) Tanpa pupuk<br />anorganik, (B) (45 kg N + 80 kg P 2 O 5 + 60 kg K 2 O) /ha, dan (C) (90 kg N<br />+ 80 kg P 2 O 5 (fosfat alam) + 60 kg K 2 O) /ha. Bahan tanaman yang<br />digunakan galur rosela CPI 115357. Ukuran petak 4 m x 6 m dengan jarak<br />tanam 20 cm x 20 cm. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk<br />mendapatkan jenis bahan organik dan dosis pupuk anorganik (NPK) yang<br />dapat mendukung hasil serat rosela yang tinggi di lahan PMK Kalimantan<br />Selatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa kombinasi perlakuan<br />pemberian (5 t pupuk kotoran unggas + 45 kg N + 80 kg P 2 O 5 (fosfat alam)<br />+ 60 kg K 2 O) /ha memberikan pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, diameter<br />batang, hasil brangkasan dan hasil serat kering tertinggi rosela masing-<br />masing 262,33 mm; 17,65 mm; 47,78 t dan 2,83 t/ha.<br />Kata kunci : Rosela, Hibiscus sabdarifa L., podsolik merah kuning,<br />bahan organik, pupuk organik, hasil, Kalimantan Selatan</p><p><br />ABSTRACT<br />Effect of NPK fertilizer and organic materials on rosella<br />fiber yield in red yellow podzolic soil of South Kalimantan<br />Red yellow podzolic soil is potential for rosella development. The<br />major problem of red yellow podzolic soil is low fertility of soil, especially<br />macro and micro elements, high content of Al and Fe and P fixation often<br />happened. The soil capacity can be improved by application of ameliorant<br />materials such as lime or organic materials. The experiment was conducted<br />in Sabuhur II Village, Jorong Sub District, Tanah Laut District in South<br />Kalimantan during growing season of January to December 2001. The<br />experiment was designed in split-plot with three replications. The main<br />plots were source of organic materials (1) cows manures, (2) chicken<br />manures, (3) compost of rice hays, (4) compost of alang-alang, and (5)<br />compost of rosella stems with dose 5 t/ha respectively. The sub plots were<br />the dosage of NPK fertilizer (A) zero fertilizer, (B) 45 kg N + 80 kg P 2 O 5 +<br />60 kg K 2 O /ha, and (C) 90 kg N + 80 kg K 2 O 5 + 60 kg K 2 O/ ha. The rosella<br />clone was CPI 115357 line, plot size 4 m x 6 m, and plant spacing 20 cm x<br />20 cm. The purpose of this experiment was to find out the kind of organic<br />materials and dosage of unorganic fertilizer which can support rosella fiber<br />yield in red yellow podzolic soil of South Kalimantan. The result showed<br />that the application of 5 tons chicken manures + 45 kg N + 80 kg P 2 O 5<br />(rock phosphate) + 60 kg K 2 O/ha gave the best plant height, stem<br />diameter, fresh and dry fiber yield of rosella which were 262,33 cm; 17,65<br />mm; 47,76 tons and 2,83 tons respectively.<br />Key words : Rosella, Hibiscus sabdarifa L., red yellow podzolic, organic<br />materials, unorganic fertilizer, yield, South Kalimantan</p>