bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyber‐physical reliability of dynamic line rating ICT failures in OHL networks
Authors: Kopsidas K. , Cruzat C. , Ni M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe integration of information and communication technologies in power networks enables greater flexibility through Smart Grids and increased network adequacy and reliability. Information and communication technology's functionality and design diversity within the cyber‐physical power system should be explicitly defined to quantify the risk of information and communication technology failures. The purpose of this paper is to quantify the cyber‐physical reliability risk introduced by the information and communication technology deployed for dynamic line rating implementations, which are usually installed in adverse environments and have a higher failure risk than indoor information and communication technology installations. This cyber‐physical reliability study employs a modified sequential Monte Carlo approach with a Markov state space to capture the dynamic line rating‐information and communication technology functionality. The method integrates the additional dynamic line rating states within the overhead line operating states, which allows quantifying the risk of dynamic line rating failures against the risk of traditional probabilistic line rating uprating practices. Results from IEEE 24‐bus and 14‐bus network reliability studies indicate that dynamic line rating‐information and communication technology failures (a) increase generation costs in the 24‐bus transmission network with high generation flexibility, while (b) they reduce the reliability of the 14‐bus network with small generation diversity and multiple load points. Such results can provide insightful recommendations on the quality of dynamic line rating‐information and communication technology infrastructure and inform utility's investment planning processes and maintenance practices.
An effective weighted vector median filter for impulse noise reduction based on minimizing the degree of aggregation
Authors: Meng Xiangxi , Lu Tongwei , Min Feng , Lu Tao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractImpulse noise is regarded as an outlier in the local window of an image. To detect noise, many proposed methods are based on aggregated distance, including spatially weighted aggregated distance, n nearest neighbour distance, local density, and angle‐weighted quaternion aggregated distance. However, these methods ignore the weight of each pixel or have limited adaptability. This study introduces the concept of degree of aggregation and proposes a weighting method to obtain the weight vector of the pixels by minimizing the degree of aggregation. The weight vector obtained gives larger components on the signal pixels than on the noisy pixels. Then it is fused with the aggregated distance to form a weighted aggregated distance that can reasonably characterise the noise and signal. The weighted aggregated distance, along with an adaptive segmentation method, can effectively detect the noise. To further enhance the effect of noise detection and removal, an adaptive selection strategy is incorporated to reduce the noise density in the local window. At last, noisy pixels detected are replaced with the weighted channel combination optimization values. The experimental results exhibit the validity of the proposed method by showing better performance in terms of both objective criteria and visual effects.
The effect of a dynamo-generated field on the Parker wind
Authors: Jakab P. , Brandenburg A. 
Published: December 2020

Context.Stellar winds are an integral part of the underlying dynamo, the motor of stellar activity. The wind controls the star’s angular momentum loss, which depends on the magnetic field geometry which, in turn, varies significantly in time and latitude.Aims.Here we study basic properties of a self-consistent model that includes simple representations of both the global stellar dynamo in a spherical shell and the exterior in which the wind accelerates and becomes supersonic.Methods.We numerically solved an axisymmetric mean-field model for the induction, momentum, and continuity equations using an isothermal equation of state. The model allows for the simultaneous generation of a mean magnetic field and the development of a Parker wind. The resulting flow is transonic at the critical point, which we arranged to be between the inner and outer radii of the model. The boundary conditions are assumed to be such that the magnetic field is antisymmetric about the equator, that is to say dipolar.Results.At the solar rotation rate, the dynamo is oscillatory and ofα2type. In most of the domain, the magnetic field corresponds to that of a split monopole. The magnetic energy flux is largest between the stellar surface and the critical point. The angular momentum flux is highly variable in time and can reach negative values, especially at midlatitudes. At a rapid rotation of up to 50 times the solar value, most of the magnetic field is lost along the axis within the inner tangential cylinder of the model.Conclusions.The model reveals unexpected features that are not generally anticipated from models that are designed to reproduce the solar wind: highly variable angular momentum fluxes even from just anα2dynamo in the star. A major caveat of our isothermal models with a magnetic field produced by a dynamo is the difficulty to reach small enough plasma betas without the dynamo itself becoming unrealistically strong inside the star.
Health Claims für Lebensmittel – Was geschieht mit den Botanicals?
Authors: Armbrüster Nicole 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungMit der Health-Claims-Verordnung sollte ein europaweit einheitlicher Rechtsrahmen geschaffen werden, um den Verbraucher vor unbelegten und nicht genehmigten gesundheitsbezogenen Angaben über Lebensmittel zu schützen. Eine von der EU-Kommission durchgeführte Evaluierung zeigt nun deutlich, dass der Verbraucherschutz noch immer gegen Null geht, denn die Bewertung der gesundheitsbezogenen Angaben zu pflanzlichen Stoffen in Lebensmitteln ist bis heute ausgesetzt. Die Einführung „traditioneller Health Claims“ kann hier keine Lösung darstellen, sondern würde die Zukunft traditioneller pflanzlicher Arzneimittel gefährden. Geltendes EU-Recht muss endlich umgesetzt werden.
Methoxyfluran beim traumaassoziierten Schmerz – Fallberichte und Literaturüberblick
Authors: Bowl Marianne , Mann Valesco , Martens Florian , Marx Frank , Sander Michael , Little Simon 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungUm den Handlungsspielraum bei der Versorgung von traumainduzierten Akutschmerzen für das ärztliche und nichtärztliche Rettungsdienstpersonal zu erweitern, etablierten wir einen Algorithmus zur Versorgung von traumainduzierten Akutschmerzen. Das seit 2018 in Deutschland zugelassene Methoxyfluran (Penthrox) verwenden wir als Analgetikum für mittelstarke bis starke Schmerzen bei Erwachsenen ohne Bewusstseinseinschränkung. Methoxyfluran ist selbst titrierend, schnell anflutend, inhalativ, nebenwirkungsarm. Neben einem Literaturüberblick über die jahrzehntelange Erfahrung mit dessen prähospitalem Einsatz im Ausland werden 2 Fallbeispiele aus unserer klinischen Praxis vorgestellt. Methoxyfluran ist ein Nichtopioid und kann von geschultem nichtärztlichen Rettungsdienstpersonal angewendet werden. Die Applikationsform ermöglicht eine Schmerztherapie ohne Zeitverlust, bis ein intravenöser Zugang für eine additive Therapie etabliert wird.
24-Stunden-Luftrettung in Baden-Württemberg – Ergebnisse der ersten 12 Monate
Authors: Merz Sabine , Dörges Volker , Reifferscheid Florian 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungIm Jahr 2017 wurde die Luftrettung in Baden-Württemberg durch die Implementierung eines Dual-Use-Rettungshubschraubers 24/7 ergänzt. Im Oktober 2017 erhielt der Luftrettungsstandort Christoph 11 in Villingen-Schwenningen die Beauftragung. Dies war nur unter Einhaltung abgestimmter und angepasster Verfahren möglich, die insbesondere für den Nachtflug notwendig waren. Die Arbeit zeigt Ergebnisse der ersten 12 Monate hinsichtlich der Einsatzindikationen und der Anforderung durch die Leitstellen sowie dem Einsatzaufkommen am Tag und in der Nacht. Ebenso wird die Bedeutung zeitgerechter Alarmierung und Versorgung von Notfallpatienten durch die Luftrettung in der Nacht beschrieben.
Wirksamkeit von Phytotherapeutika in der psychiatrischen Behandlung
Authors: Anheyer Dennis , Haller Heidemarie , Klose Petra , Schröter Marleen , Dobos Gustav , Cramer Holger 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Der Einsatz von Phytotherapeutika hat in den letzten Jahren auch in der Behandlung psychiatrischer Erkrankungen erheblich an Bedeutung gewonnen.
Methodik: Dieser narrative Überblick fasst die bisherige Evidenzlage zu Wirkungen und Nebenwirkungen pflanzlicher Arzneimittel bei der Behandlung von depressiven Störungen, Angstzuständen, Schlafstörungen und Hyperaktivitäts- und Aufmerksamkeitsstörungen auf Basis von Metaanalysen und systematischen Übersichtsarbeiten zusammen.
Ergebnisse: Bei der Behandlung von leichten bis mittelschweren depressiven Episoden ist Johanniskraut evidenzbasiert und gut verträglich. Wechselwirkungen mit anderen Medikamenten sollten unbedingt beachtet werden. Für andere Phytotherapeutika ist die Datenlage bisher weniger ausreichend, um konkrete Aussagen treffen zu können.
Schlussfolgerungen: Phytotherapeutika stellen in der Behandlung psychiatrischer Erkrankungen möglicherweise eine gute Alternative oder Ergänzung zu konventionellen Psychopharmaka dar. Sie sind im Vergleich oft nebenwirkungsärmer, gut verträglich und haben eine große therapeutische Breite. Weitere randomisiert kontrollierte Studien sind allerdings dringend indiziert.
Familien mit Kindern psychisch kranker Eltern: Ein Überblick über ambulante, familienorientierte Komplexangebote im deutschsprachigen Raum
Authors: Pohl Sina , Carvalho Fernando Silvia , Leggemann Michael , Driessen Martin 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Ziel der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit ist es, alle im deutschsprachigen Raum bekannten ambulanten, familienorientierten Komplexangebote für Kinder psychisch kranker Eltern anhand definierter Minimalanforderungen zu identifizieren und einen Überblick über deren Struktur, Inhalt und Wirksamkeitsnachweise zu geben.
Methodik Die Angebote wurden mittels Internet- und Literaturrecherche identifiziert. Bei Erfüllung der definierten Kriterien, wurden die Anbieter kontaktiert und um die Teilnahme an einer schriftlichen oder telefonischen Befragung gebeten.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt konnten 512 Angebote identifiziert werden, von denen 46 als familienorientiertes Komplexangebot einzustufen waren. Nur wenige Angebote wurden bisher systematisch evaluiert.
Schlussfolgerung Es besteht eine Vielzahl an Interventionen für die Kinder psychisch kranker Eltern, familienorientierte Komplexangebote sind jedoch bisher selten. Zudem besteht ein erheblicher Bedarf an Evaluationsstudien.
Synthesis of Indolo[1,2-a]quinoxalinones through Palladium/Copper-Cocatalyzed Oxidative Isocyanide-Insertion Cyclization of Indoles and Hydrolysis of Enamines
Authors: Sha Xuan , Ren Jie , Ji Fei , Hu Yi-ran , Zhao Yun-yi , Wu Shi-ying , Yang Rui , Chen Yao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA novel Pd/Cu-cocatalyzed isocyanide-insertion cyclization of indoles and hydrolysis of enamines has been developed for the construction of indolo[1,2-a]quinoxalinones. A secondary amine group on the N-phenylindole skeleton acts as an important directing groups that participates in activation of the C(2)-position of the indole and the subsequent isocyanide-insertion cyclization. The fragile generated enamine bond is easily hydrolyzed by the acid medium to give the corresponding quinoxalinone skeleton. This regioselective and high-yielding transformation, which avoids the use of hazardous CO gas, might be extendable to syntheses of natural polycyclic products.
Ambulatory Clinician's Guide to Inpatient Service: An Innovative Rapid Onboarding Strategy for the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Altman Richard L. , Anstett Tyler , Simpson Jennifer R. , Del Pino-Jones Amira , Lin Chen-Tan , Pell Jonathan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background and Significance When hospitals are subject to prolonged surges in patients, such as during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, additional clinicians may be needed to care for the rapid increase of acutely ill patients. How might we quickly prepare a large number of ambulatory-based clinicians to care for hospitalized patients using the inpatient workflow of the electronic health record (EHR)?
Objectives The aim of the study is to create a successful training intervention which prepares ambulatory-based clinicians as they transition to inpatient services.
Methods We created a training guide with embedded videos that describes the workflow of an inpatient clinician. We delivered this intervention via an e-mail hyperlink, a static hyperlink inside of the EHR, and an on-demand hyperlink within the EHR.
Results In anticipation of the first peak of inpatients with COVID-19 in April 2020, the training manual was accessed 261 times by 167 unique users as clinicians anticipated being called into service. As our institution has not yet needed to deploy ambulatory-based clinicians for inpatient service, usage data of the training document is still pending.
Conclusion We intend that our novel implementation of a multimedia, highly accessible onboarding document with access from points inside and outside of the EHR will improve clinician performance and serve as a helpful example to other organizations during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.
Post-Cesarean Opioid Use after Implementation of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Protocol
Authors: MacGregor Caitlin A. , Neerhof Mark , Sperling Mary J. , Alspach David , Plunkett Beth A. , Choi Alexandria , Blumenthal Rebecca 
Published: December 2020

Objective This study aimed to evaluate whether implementation of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol is associated with lower maternal opioid use after cesarean delivery (CD).
Study Design We performed a pre- and postimplementation (PRE and POST, respectively) study of an ERAS protocol for cesarean deliveries. ERAS is a multimodal, multidisciplinary perioperative approach. The four pillars of our protocol include education, pain management, nutrition, and early ambulation. Patients were counseled by their outpatient providers and given an educational booklet. Pain management included gabapentin and acetaminophen immediately prior to spinal anesthesia. Postoperatively patients received scheduled acetaminophen and ibuprofen. Oxycodone was initiated as needed 24 hours after spinal analgesia. Preoperative diet consisted of clear carbohydrate drink consumed 2 hours prior to scheduled operative time with advancement as tolerated immediately postoperation. Women with a body mass index (BMI) <40 kg/m2 and scheduled CD were eligible for ERAS. PRE patients were randomly selected from repeat cesarean deliveries (RCDs) at a single site from October 2017 to September 2018, BMI <40 kg/m2, without trial of labor. The POST cohort included women who participated in ERAS from October 2018 to June 2019. PRE and POST demographic and clinical characteristics were compared. Primary outcome was total postoperative morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs). Secondary outcomes included length of stay (LOS) and maximum postoperative day 2 (POD2) pain score.
Results All women in PRE (n = 70) had RCD compared with 66.2% (49/74) in POST. Median total postoperative MMEs were 140.0 (interquartile range [IQR]: 87.5–182.5) in PRE compared with 0.0 (IQR: 0.0–72.5) in POST (p < 0.001). Median LOS in PRE was 4.02 days (IQR: 3.26–4.27) compared with 2.37 days (IQR: 2.21–3.26) in POST (p < 0.001). Mean maximum POD2 pain score was 5.28 (standard deviation [SD] = 1.86) in PRE compared with 4.67 (SD = 1.63) in POST (p = 0.04).
Conclusion ERAS protocol was associated with decreased postoperative opioid use, shorter LOS, and decreased pain after CD.
Key Points
Will Remdesivir Reshape Cardiovascular Practice in COVID 19 Era?
Authors: Idhrees A. Mohammed , Suthakaran Prasanna Karthik , Valooran George Jose , Bashir Mohamad 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInfection with the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV2, produces the clinical syndrome COVID-19. COVID-19 is a systemic illness inducing hyperinflammation and cytokine storm affecting multiple organs including the myocardium which is reflected in elevated cardiac biomarkers such as troponin, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatinine kinase MB. Furthermore, COVID-19 has been implicated in increased predilection to thromboembolic phenomena. Hence, mortality in patients with associated cardiovascular disease has been higher compared with the cohort with no cardiovascular comorbidity. It is entirely unknown how remdesivir will change the facet of cardiovascular medicine and surgery. In the present constantly changing climate, this review of remdesivir and its association with cardiovascular disease is comprehensive as of June 17, 2020 and it highlights the science behind this drug and its potential implications to cardiovascular practice.
Consumptive coagulopathy of severe yellow fever occurs independently of hepatocellular tropism and massive hepatic injury
Authors: Bailey Adam L. , Kang Liang-I , de Assis Barros D’Elia Zanella Luiz Gonzaga Francisco , Silveira Cássia G. T. , Ho Yeh-Li , Foquet Lander , Bial Greg , McCune Broc T. , Duarte-Neto Amaro Nunes , Thomas Archana , Raué Hans-Peter , Byrnes Kathleen , Kallas Esper G. , Slifka Mark K. , Diamond Michael S. 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Fatal cases of yellow fever are preceded by the development of hemorrhagic complications. While yellow fever virus is known to infect hepatocytes, the relationship between hepatocyte infection and the development of hemorrhage is currently undefined. Here, we identified high concentrations of D-dimer in the blood of yellow fever patients, indicative of a process that involves the activation and consumption of clotting factors. We then developed a mouse model in which only transplanted human hepatocytes could be infected at high levels. By examining clotting parameters in this model, we determined that hepatocyte infection alone is insufficient to cause the activation and consumption of coagulation factors observed in severe cases of yellow fever in humans and nonhuman primates.
Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in half-metallic thin-film Co2CrAl
Authors: Carlile Ryan , Herran Juliana , Poddar Shashi , Montgomery Eric J , Kharel Parashu , Shand Paul M , Lukashev Pavel V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA) is one of the key parameters investigated in spin-based electronics (spintronics), e.g. for memory applications. Here, we employ first-principles calculations to study MCA in thin film full Heusler alloy Co2CrAl. This material was studied in the past, and has been reported to exhibit half-metallic electronic structure in bulk geometry. In our recent work, we showed that it retains a 100% spin-polarization in thin-film geometry, at CrAl atomic surface termination. Here, we show that the same termination results in a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, while Co surface termination not only destroys the half-metallicity, but also results in in-plane magnetization orientation. In addition, for films thicker than around 20 nm the contribution from magnetic shape anisotropy may become decisive, resulting in in-plane magnetization orientation. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first reports of half-metallic thin-film surfaces with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. This result may be of interest for potential nano-device applications, and may stimulate a further experimental study of this and similar materials.
Graphene oxide/graphene hybrid film with ultrahigh ammonia sensing performance
Authors: Hue Nguyen The , Wu Qiang , Liu Weihua , Bu Xiangrui , Wu Haiyang , Wang Chang , Li Xin , Wang Xiaoli 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a novel ammonia detection hybrid film is proposed based on a graphene oxide (GO)/graphene stack, which shows excellent sensing characteristics at room temperature. It is attributed to the cooperation of GO layer serving as molecular capture layer while graphene serving as conductive layer. GO layer is obtained on chemical vapor deposited graphene film by a simple drop-casting method. The prepared GO/graphene hybrid film is directly transferred to the target substrate without any additional transfer vehicle to reduce possible contamination. The success of the transfer depends on the mechanical strength of GO layer. The thickness of GO layer can scale down to 55 nm while sustaining the transfer process. The best ammonia gas sensing performance is obtained at about 275 nm GO layer thickness and the ammonia detection limit is calculated to be 1.5 ppb. In conclusion, the ammonia gas sensing performance of GO/graphene hybrid film can be significantly improved through GO layer thickness optimization.
Study of the Alfven eigenmodes stability in CFQS plasma using a Landau closure model
Authors: Varela J. , Shimizu A. , Spong D.A. , Garcia L. , Ghai Y. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyze the stability of the Alfven eigenmodes (AE) in the Chinese First Quasi-axisymmetric Stellarator (CFQS). The AE stability is calculated using the code FAR3d that solves the reduced MHD equations to describe the linear evolution of the poloidal flux and the toroidal component of the vorticity in a full 3D system, coupled with equations of density and parallel velocity moment for the energetic particles (EP) species including the effect of the helical couplings and acoustic modes. The Landau damping and resonant destabilization effects are added in the model by a given closure relation. The simulation results indicate the destabilization of n = 1 to 4 AEs by EP during the slowing down process, particularly n = 1 and n = 2 toroidal AEs (TAE), n = 3 elliptical AE (EAE) and n = 4 non circular AE (NAE). If the resonance is caused by EPs with an energy above 17 keV (weakly thermalized EP), n = 2 EAEs and n = 3 NAEs are unstable. On the other hand, EPs with an energy below 17 keV (late thermalization stage) lead to the destabilization of n = 3 and n = 4 TAEs. The simulations for an off-axis NBI injection indicate the further destabilization of n = 2 to 4 AEs although the growth rate of the n = 1 AEs slightly decreases, so no clear optimization trend with respect to the NBI deposition region is identified. In addition, n = 2, 4 helical AE (HAE) are unstable above an EP β threshold. Also, if the thermal β of the simulation increases (higher thermal plasma density) the AE stability of the plasma improves. The simulations including the effect of the finite Larmor radius and electron-ion Landau damping show the stabilization of the n = 1 to 4 EAE/NAEs as well as a decrease of the growth rate and frequency of the n = 1 to 4 BAE/TAEs.