bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
T lymphocyte subpopulations and intestinal helminthes profile among tuberculosis patients co-infected with HIV before and after anti tubercular treatment at University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Wondmagegn Tadelo , Damtie Debasu , Genetu Meaza , Biadgo Belete , Lemma Mulualem , Negash Markos 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Tuberculosis continues to be a health problem of both developed and developing countries, and its incidence has currently increased due to HIV induced immune suppression. HIV-co-infection decreases the total number of CD4+ T cells since the virus preferentially replicates with in activated CD4+ T cells and macrophages, resulting in the disruption of granuloma to contain M. tuberculosis. In this study, we investigated the change in T lymphocyte subpopulations before and after anti-tubercular treatment and the effect of intestinal parasites on the cell populations of tuberculosis patients before the initiation of anti TB treatment.

Method
A prospective cohort study was conducted in the outpatient TB Clinic, University of Gondar hospital between January 2014 and August 2015. Blood samples were collected from 80 newly diagnosed TB patients with and without HIV co-infection. The mean CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte counts of the patients were assessed before and after the course of anti-TB treatment. The mean values of T lymphocytes of TB, TB/HIV co-infected patients and of the control groups were compared. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 16 and the graph pad prism software.

Results
A total of 80 tuberculosis patients 40 of whom were co-infected with HIV participated in our study. The mean CD4 + T lymphocytes counts of the TB/HIV cohort were 354.45 ± 138cell/μl, and the mean CD8+ cell counts were 926.82 ± 384cell/μl. There were significant changes in the mean CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts after the course of anti-TB treatment in both groups of patients(p < 0.05). However, no statistically significant differences were observed in the mean CD4 + and CD8+ T cell counts of helminthes infected and non-infected patients (P > 0.05).

Conclusion
We found significantly lower CD4+ T cell counts among TB infected HIV negative patients compared with controls who showed that TB was the cause of non–HIV-associated declination of circulating CD4 counts, and the reduction was reversible with anti-tubercular treatment in both HIV-negative and ART naïve TB-HIV co-infected patients.
Diagnostic accuracy of sFlt1/PlGF ratio as a marker for preeclampsia
Authors: Nikuei Pooneh , Rajaei Minoo , Roozbeh Nasibeh , Mohseni Fatemeh , Poordarvishi Fatemeh , Azad Mohsen , Haidari Solmaz 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious complication of pregnancy and one of the main causes of maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity in the world. Finding a biomarker with high sensitivity and specificity could lead to prediction and early diagnosis of the disease and reduces its complications. In this study, we evaluated diagnostic accuracy of Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) to Placental growth factor (PlGF) ratio for diagnosis of PE.

Methods
The cases included 23 mild, 15 severe preeclamptic patients, and 20 normal term pregnant women as control referred to GYN ward of the Persian Gulf Hospital in Bandar Abbas from 2014 to 2016. Levels of sFlt-1 and PlGF were measured. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied to calculate diagnostic accuracy of sFlt-1/PlGF ratio.

Results
The mean Level of sFlt-1/PlGF in PE patients (91.33 ng/ml) was significantly higher than control women (17.62) (P<0.001). ROC curve analysis showed sFlt-1/PlGF ratio diagnostic accuracy in preeclamptic patients with Area Under Curve (AUC) of 0.90, the best cut-off value of 24.96, sensitivity and specificity of 84.2 and 85.0%, respectively.

Conclusions
Our data showed sFlt-1/PlGF ratio has higher accuracy for differentiating PE patients from non-PEs in comparison with its power for differentiating severe or early onset forms of the disease.
Induction of labour in nulliparous women- quick or slow: a cohort study comparing slow-release vaginal insert with low-dose misoprostol oral tablets
Authors: Eriksson Axelina , Jeppesen Sarah , Krebs Lone 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
This study was undertaken with the objective of comparing efficacy and safety for two different regimens using misoprostol for induction of labour.

Methods
The study was set in two different hospitals in the region of Zeeland, Denmark, and designed as a prospective cohort study. Nulliparous women with unripe cervix, eligible for vaginal delivery and medical induction of labour were included. Exclusion criteria were a previous uterine scar, suspicion of growth restriction of the fetus and prelabour rupture of membranes.
One department used 25 mcg oral misoprostol tablets and the other department used 200 mcg slow-release misoprostol vaginal insert, for induction of labour.
Primary outcomes were predefined as frequency of cesarean section, tachysystole and delivery within 24 h. Secondary outcomes were: time from induction to delivery, use of additional methods for induction, postpartum hemorrhage, anal sphincter rupture, epidural, pyrexia (rectal temperature >  38.5 °C), prolonged rupture of membranes, and use of tocolysis.

Results
No significant differences in women achieving vaginal delivery was found. However, a significantly increased risk of tachysystole for the vaginal administration route was observed; 28.4% compared with 2.3%. There were no events of serious neonatal asphyxia. Half of the women induced with vaginal insert delivered within 24 h, compared with 16.8% of the women induced with oral misoprostol.

Conclusions
Induction with vaginal slow-release misoprostol leads to quicker delivery with an increased risk of tachysystole but with similar perinatal outcomes and rates of cesarean sections. Low-dose oral misoprostol appears to be safe, however it leads to an increased use of secondary methods and a tendency of more intrapartum pyrexia.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT02693587 on February 262,016.
EudraCT number 2020–000366-42 on 23 January 2020, retrospectively registered.
Prediction of cesarean hysterectomy in placenta previa complicated with prior cesarean: a retrospective study
Authors: Liu Bin , Deng Songqing , Lin Meifang , Chen Yimin , Cai Jian , Yang Jianbo , Zhang Jinxin , Cui Jianjian , Shen Lixia , Xie Hongning , Wang Zilian 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
The prevalence of both placenta previa and cesarean are on the rise. Multiple adverse outcomes are critically increased when placenta previa is subsequent to prior cesarean. The purpose of the present study is to develop a pre-surgical method for predicting adverse outcomes in pregnancy complicated with both placenta previa and prior cesarean.

Methods
Clinical data was obtained from the medical history system at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from February 2003 to December 2016. All cases with a final diagnosis of “placenta previa/low lying placenta (ICD:O44.001-105)” and “scarred uterus complicated with pregnancy (ICD: O34.200-202)” were collected and reviewed. Hysterectomy was taken as the primary outcome; and blood loss was taken as the secondary outcome.

Results
Of 219 pregnant women in the final analysis, 25 received a hysterectomy following delivery, and 48 had blood loss exceeding 1000 ml. Pre-surgical risk factors for hysterectomy are ultrasonic signs of vascular lacunae, central placenta previa, and loss of normal hypoechoic retroplacental zone. A pre-surgical predictive equation referred to as “Hysterectomy Index in Placenta Previa with Prior cesarean (HIPs)” was generated and each risk factor was weighted to create an 8-point scale. This index yielded an area under the curve of 0.972 for the prediction of hysterectomy.

Conclusions
Application of the HIPs score may provide an effective pre-surgical prediction of cesarean hysterectomy in pregnant women complicated with both placenta previa and prior cesarean.
Individual-, home- and preschool-level correlates of preschool children’s sedentary time
Authors: Määttä Suvi , Konttinen Hanna , de Oliveira Figueiredo Rejane Augusta , Haukkala Ari , Sajaniemi Nina , Erkkola Maijaliisa , Roos Eva 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrechoolers’ significant portions of sedentary time (ST) is a public-health concern due to its high prevalence and negative health consequences. However, few studies have explored correlates of preschoolers’ ST covering individual-, home- and preschool- factors within one study. The aim of this study was to identify the associations between multiple individual-, home- and preschool-level factors and preschoolers’ ST. In addition, it was studied how much individual-, home- and preschool-level factors explained the variance in children’s ST.MethodsA total of 864 children aged three to six, their parents and 66 preschools participated in the cross-sectional DAGIS study, which occurred between 2015 and 2016. The children wore an accelerometer for 1 week. Guardians, principals and early educators completed questionnaires covering the potential correlates of children’s ST, for example, temperament, practices, self-efficacy and regulations. Multilevel regression analyses were conducted in multiple steps; calculation of marginal and conditional R2values occurred in the final phase.ResultsOf the 29 studied correlates, the following factors remained significant in the final models. Being a boy (p < 0.001) and having high levels of surgency temperament (p < 0.001) were associated with lower ST. Regarding the home setting, frequent co-visits in physical activity (PA) places (p = 0.014) were associated with lower ST. Higher parental perceived barriers related to children’s outside PA (p = 0.032) was associated with higher ST. None of the preschool setting factors remained significant in the final model. Approximately 11% of the variance in children’s ST was attributed to factors related to the individual level whereas 5% was attributed to home-level factors; and 2% to preschool-level factors.ConclusionsThis study identified a set of correlates of preschool children’s ST. Interventions aimed at reducing children’s ST should develop strategies targeting established correlates of preschoolers’ ST covering individual-, home- and preschool-level factors. The preschool-level factors included in this study explained little the variance in children’s ST. However, the included measures may not have captured the essential preschool-level factors that specifically influence children’s ST. Therefore, more studies are needed regarding potential preschool-level factors.
One-stage posterior debridement, bone grafting fusion, and mono-segment vs. short-segment fixation for single-segment lumbar spinal tuberculosis: minimum 5-year follow-up outcomes
Authors: Liu Zheng , Li Weiwei , Xu Zhengchao , Wang Xiyang , Zeng Hao 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
To compare the clinical and radiological outcomes between posterior mono-segment and short-segment fixation combined with one-stage posterior debridement and bone grafting fusion in treating single-segment lumbar spinal tuberculosis (LSTB).

Methods
Sixty-two patients with single-segment LSTB treated by a posterior-only approach were divided into two groups: short-segment fixation (Group A, n = 32) and mono-segment fixation (Group B, n = 30). The clinical and radiographic outcomes were analyzed and compared between the two groups.

Results
The intraoperative bleeding volume, operation time, and hospitalization duration were lower in Group B than in Group A. All patients achieved the bony fusion criteria. The visual analog scale score, Japanese Orthopedic Association score, and Oswestry Disability Index were substantially improved 3 months postoperatively and at the last visit in both groups, with no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). Kirkaldy–Willis functional evaluation at the final follow-up demonstrated that all patients in both groups achieved excellent or good results. The difference in the angle correction rate and correction loss between Groups A and B was not significant (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
One-stage posterior debridement, bone grafting fusion, and mono-segment or short-segment fixation can provide satisfactory clinical and radiological outcomes. Mono-segment fixation is more suitable for the treatment of single-segment LSTB because the lumbar segments with normal motion can be preserved with less trauma, a shorter operation time, shorter hospitalization, and lower costs.
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and acute colonic pseudo-obstruction after therapeutic anticoagulation in a very elderly patient with hip fracture: a case report
Authors: Liu Yijun , Lu Hao , Xu Hailin , Fu Zhongguo , Zhang Dianying , Jiang Baoguo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Hip fractures have become a severe public health problem, especially in very elderly patients. Most of them are treated with low molecular weight heparin as prophylaxis or treatment of venous thromboembolism. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is one of the complications induced by low molecular weight heparin, which may cause poor prognosis. However, there is not enough awareness for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in very elderly trauma patients.

Case presentation
We report a case of hip fracture with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in a very elderly patient. The patient developed heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, digestive hemorrhage and acute colonic pseudo-obstruction after the use of low molecular weight heparin, which eventually led to death.

Conclusions
This is the first case report of digestive hemorrhage and acute colonic pseudo-obstruction in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia patients with major trauma. This case highlights the severity of HIT in very elderly patients with hip fractures using low molecular weight heparin, and the need for platelet monitoring in these patients. We indicate that there may be a correlation of pathogenesis between digestive hemorrhage and acute colonic pseudo-obstruction in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia patients.
Associations between the menstrual cycle, lifestyle factors and clinical assessment of the ocular surface: a prospective observational study
Authors: Colorado Luisa H. , Edwards Katie , Dinh Lynne , Ha Sarah , Liu Danica , Luu Annie , Trang Shona , Yu-Ting Tina H. , Schmid Katrina L. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Little is known about the ocular surface changes over the menstrual cycle in young women and the interactions with lifestyle factors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the associations between modifiable lifestyle factors and menstrual cycle phases on the ocular signs and symptoms of dry eye in young healthy women.

Methods
This was a prospective 1-month observational study. Thirty young healthy women with regular, 24 to 32-day menstrual cycles were recruited. Participants attended three visits at day 7, 14, and 21 (± 1) of their menstrual cycle. At baseline, general health questionnaire was conducted. At each visit, symptomology was quantified using Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and overall ocular comfort (OOC, visual analogue scale). Ocular signs were assessed using Efron scales, tear break-up time (TBUT) and phenol red thread (PRT). Pearson’s correlation was used to determine associations between variables at each visit.

Results
A total of 26 participants (mean age = 22.3 ± 3.7 years) with an average menstrual cycle of 28.3 ± 1.3 days completed the 3 visits. The interaction between signs/symptoms and lifestyle factors changed over the cycle. At the follicular phase (day 7), lifestyle factors such diet and levels of stress were correlated with PRT and OSDI, (r = − 0.4, p = 0.022; r = 0.4, p = 0.045 respectively). At the ovulation phase (day 14), the general health score was correlated with OOC scores (r = 0.4, p = 0.047). At day 14, exercise frequency correlated with PRT (r = − 0.4, p = 0.028) and caffeine intake was positively correlate with both; TBUT (r = 0.5, p = 0.020) and PRT (r = 0.5, p = 0.014). At the luteal phase (day 21), we found no correlations between lifestyle factors and dry eye signs or symptoms.

Conclusions
The associations between lifestyle factors and objective and subjective ocular surface assessment appeared to be more pronounced during the ovulation phase of the menstrual cycle compared to the follicular and luteal phases. Misalignment of these factors with the ocular health during the luteal phase could be attributed to central sensitization and changes in levels of luteinising hormone. Natural hormonal changes during menstrual cycle should be considered for diagnosis and treatment of dry eye in young healthy women.
Retrieving 3D medical data along fitted curved slices and their display
Authors: Paluszny Marco , Ríos Dany 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Computeros tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are usually offered to the clinician in the form of sequences of axial, sagittal and coronal planar cuts. Frequently this does not allow for the full inspection of the morphology of the area of interest, because it is limited by the planarity. Efforts have been made to extract information along curved slices but their planar display is prone to metric deformation.

Methods
We propose a new visualization alternative of 3D medical volumes using curved slices adapted to areas of interest. We use surfaces fitted to specific organs as visualization canvasses. We describe the differential geometry techniques used to build the surfaces that may be isometrically flattened. These are referred to as develpable surfaces.

Results
We show concrete examples deemed useful for the development of clinical and educational tools. Our examples are centered in magnetic resonance data of the rotator cuff muscle complex and computed tomography data of maxillofacial and dental studies. We also look at the extraction and display of information from volumes of aortic aneurysms along transversal surfaces.

Discussion
We look at extensions of the technique and propose further possible clinical use of texturized surfaces in the context of volume navigation.

Conclusions
We presented a technique to extract information from computer tomography and magnetic resonance volumes, using two different texturization techniques. In the cases that the fitting surfaces are chosen to be developable, they may be flattened without distortion. We also discuss how tu use the technique in other visualization tasks such as volume navigation and detection of volumetric features.
Left lung cancer in a patient with congenital unilateral absence of the left pulmonary artery: a case report and literature review
Authors: Wang Jing , Lu Xiaoqian , Ding Xiaobo , Cao Dian-bo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundUnilateral absence of pulmonary artery (UAPA) is a rare congenital disease of pulmonary circulation, which is often accompanied by other cardiovascular anomalies. Infrequently, it may remain undiagnosed until adulthood. More rarely, it is to be found with lung cancer in the ipsilateral or contralateral lung simultaneously.Case presentationA 56-year-old man with complaints of intermittent left chest pain for 2 months was referred to our hospital. Chest computed tomography(CT) revealed a cavitary lesion measuring 5.5 cm × 5.7 cm in the superior segment of the left lower lobe. Absence of left pulmonary artery and right-sided aortic arch were found on chest computed tomography angiography (CTA). The tumor was successfully removed via left pneumonectomy, and postoperative histopathology showed that the tumor was a squamous cell carcinoma (T2bN1). At a postoperative 24-month follow-up, the patient was free of disease and no evidence of recurrence or metastasis. Based on literature review, this is the ninth case of lung cancer in UAPA patients.ConclusionsLung cancer and UAPA occurred ipsilaterally in 66.7% of these cases (6/9), including the present case. For those patients who occurred contralaterally, surgical treatment may be more challenging. CT and CTA could provide an accurate diagnosis for this disease entity. Identification and recognition of this rare and special disease entity may facilitate timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Luteal phase stimulation versus follicular phase stimulation in poor ovarian responders: results of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Llácer Joaquín , Moliner Belén , Luque Lydia , Bernabéu Andrea , Lledó Belén , Castillo Juan Carlos , Guerrero Jaime , Ten Jorge , Bernabéu Rafael 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
In young women with poor ovarian response, luteal-phase ovarian stimulation (LPOS) is a potential method for collecting competent oocytes. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of LPOS compared with follicular phase ovarian stimulation (FPOS) in young women with poor ovarian response (POR).

Methods
This single-center, prospective, randomized pilot study compared LPOS and FPOS in women with POR fulfilling Bologna criteria who underwent in vitro fertilization at the Instituto Bernabeu. The primary outcome was the number of metaphase II (MII) oocytes obtained by follicular puncture.

Results
Sixty women were included in the study, with 27 women completing LPOS and 30 undergoing FPOS. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of MII oocytes obtained between the LPOS group and the FPOS group (2.1 ± 2.0 vs. 2.6 ± 2.2, p = 0.31). Length of stimulation was also similar in both groups (8.35 ± 2.8 vs. 8.15 ± 4.1 days, p = 0.69). Similarly, there was no significant difference in the follicle-stimulating hormone total dose, number of cumulus-oocyte complexes, survival rate, fertilization rate, or cancellation rate between groups. A significantly higher Ovarian Sensitivity Index was observed in the LPOS group versus the FPOS group (0.96 vs. 0.57, p = 0.037).

Conclusion
LPOS was comparable with FPOS in terms of efficacy and may improve ovarian responsiveness in young women with POR.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02625532; EudraCT identifier: 2015–003856-31.