bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of access to cancer facilities in Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Khokhar Muhammad Abbas , Ali Muhammad Mohsin , Liaqat Samrin , Moin Arif , Sarwar Hafiz Abubakar , Sarwar Muhammad Zeeshan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundPunjab is the most populous province of Pakistan, with only 12 countries in the world succeeding it in terms of population.AimsThis review article has the objective of providing novel statistics regarding available cancer therapeutics in Punjab across four different sectors—including government, semi‐private, trust and private sectors.Methods and ResultsKeywords such as “cancer treatment,” “facilities,” “Pakistan,” were used to search Pubmed Database. 36 results were generated: after sifting based on a personal reference list as well as for relevance, 16 articles were finally reviewed. Novel statistics regarding current state of access to cancer facilities were drawn from personal references as well as from studies conducted in other LMICs. There is a gross deficit of oncological services in Punjab, with the ratio of medical oncologists to population being 0.027 per 100, 000, and every oncologist checking 1300‐1500 patients annually. Only 21.4% of the population has access to radiotherapy facilities. Major problems include lack of healthcare professional awareness; poor infrastructure including drug access, radiotherapy, and cancer pain management facilities; lack of planning; and lack of educational and research programs.ConclusionsImproving education & training, developing infrastructure based on public‐private‐partnership models, building cancer registries and organizing national cancer screening programs, as well as encouraging basic health education and research in oncology, are measures that can ensure Punjab's healthcare delivery system becomes capable of handling increasing incident burden of cancer.
Effect of Vemurafenib on the Pharmacokinetics of a Single Dose of Tizanidine (a CYP1A2 Substrate) in Patients With BRAFV600 Mutation–Positive Malignancies
Authors: Zhang Weijiang , McIntyre Christine , Riehl Todd , Forbes Harper , Bertran Enric , Choi Hye Jin , Lee Dae Ho , Lee Jeeyun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis phase 1 open‐label, multicenter, 3‐period, fixed‐sequence study evaluated the effect of multiple doses of vemurafenib on the pharmacokinetics of 1 dose of tizanidine, a probe CYP1A2 substrate, in patients with BRAFV600 mutation–positive metastatic malignancy. Patients received 1 dose of tizanidine 2 mg on day 1 (period A), vemurafenib 960 mg twice daily on days 2‐21 (period B), and 1 dose of tizanidine 2 mg and vemurafenib 960 mg twice daily on day 22 (period C). Log‐transformed area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC) and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) values for tizanidine in 16 patients were compared between periods A (tizanidine alone) and C (tizanidine plus vemurafenib) using an analysis of variance model. Multiple doses of vemurafenib increased plasma exposure of 1 dose of tizanidine, with geometric mean ratios (period C/period A) for Cmax, AUCinf, and AUClast of 2.15 (90%CI, 1.71‐2.71), 4.22 (90%CI, 3.37‐5.28), and 4.74 (90%CI, 3.55‐6.33), respectively; 90%CIs were all outside predefined limits for lack of drug‐drug interaction (0.82‐1.22). This study confirmed vemurafenib as a moderate inhibitor of CYP1A2 in vivo, with a statistically significant drug‐drug interaction with tizanidine. Caution should be exercised when dosing vemurafenib concurrently with CYP1A2 substrates.
Interactions and Transport in Highly Concentrated LiTFSI‐based Electrolytes
Authors: Nilsson Viktor , Bernin Diana , Brandell Daniel , Edström Kristina , Johansson Patrik 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo elucidate what properties control and practically limit ion transport in highly concentrated electrolytes (HCEs), the viscosity, ionic conductivity, ionicity, and transport numbers were studied for nine model electrolytes and connected to the rate capability in Li‐ion battery (LIB) cells. The electrolytes employed the LiTFSI salt in three molar ratio concentrations; 1 : 2, 1 : 4, and 1 : 16 (LiTFSI:X) vs. solvents (X) with different permittivities; tert‐butyl methyl ether (MTBE), tetrahydrofuran (THF) and propylene carbonate (PC). While the low polarity MTBE creates liquid electrolytes, ion‐pairing limits the ionic conductivity despite extremely low viscosities. For the less concentrated 1 : 16 LiTFSI:MTBE and 1 : 16 LiTFSI:THF electrolytes the ionic diffusivities decrease with increased temperature, a sign of aggregation, but still their ionic conductivities and LIB performance increase. In general, the low ionic conductivity and high viscosity both limit the use of HCEs in LIBs, and no compensating mechanism seems to be present.
Synthesis of DNA and RNA Oligonucleotides Containing a Dual‐Purpose Selenium‐Modified Fluorescent Nucleoside Probe
Authors: Nuthanakanti Ashok , Srivatsan Seergazhi G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDevelopment of efficient tools that would enable direct correlation of nucleic acid structure and recognition in solution and in solid state at atomic resolution is highly desired. In this context, we recently developed dual‐purpose nucleoside probes made of a 5‐selenophene‐modified uracil core, which serves both as a conformation‐sensitive fluorophore and as an X‐ray crystallography phasing agent. In this article, we provide a detailed synthetic procedure to synthesize the phosphoramidites of 5‐selenophene‐modified 2′‐deoxyuridine and 5‐selenophene‐modified uridine analogs. We also describe their site‐specific incorporation into therapeutically relevant DNA and RNA oligonucleotide motifs by an automated solid support synthesis protocol. The dual‐purpose and minimally invasive nature of the probes enables efficient analysis of the conformation and ligand binding abilities of bacterial decoding site RNA (A‐site) and G‐quadruplex structures of the human telomeric overhang in real time by fluorescence and in 3D by X‐ray crystallography. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Basic Protocol 1: Synthesis of 5‐selenophene‐2′‐deoxyuridine 2 and its phosphoramidite 5Support Protocol 1: Synthesis of 2‐(tri‐n‐butylstannyl) selenopheneSupport Protocol 2: Synthesis of 5ʹ‐O‐DMT‐protected 5‐iodo‐2′‐deoxyuridine 3Basic Protocol 2: Synthesis of 5‐selenophene‐modified uridine 7 and its phosphoramidite 11Basic Protocol 3: Synthesis of DNA oligonucleotides containing 5‐selenophene‐modified 2′‐deoxyuridine 2Basic Protocol 4: Synthesis of an RNA oligonucleotide containing 5‐selenophene‐modified uridine 7
Managing cool‐season turfgrass without herbicides: Optimizing maintenance practices to control weeds
Authors: Hahn Daniel , Sallenave Rossana , Pornaro Cristina , Leinauer Bernd 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBans on the use of synthetic herbicides require innovative management approaches to maintain the attractiveness and usability of turfgrass swards. Such measures should include the use of locally adapted cultivars that germinate and establish quickly, resulting in the densest possible stands. Additionally, a number of turfgrasses have been reported to produce allelopathic substances that inhibit common turfgrass weeds. Mowing heights should be set to achieve maximum weed suppression while still providing acceptable quality for desired use. Sustainable turfgrass management programs have led to a reduction in fertilizer inputs; however, without the availability of herbicides, fertilization regimes need to be re‐examined. The literature suggests that broadleaf weeds are reduced but never fully controlled when more N is applied; therefore, finding a balance between what is needed and what is environmentally safe and sustainable is critical. Organic herbicides include plant pathogens from the fungus Phoma and strains of the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens. Both can be used to control several weeds common to turfgrasses. Acetic acid has also been shown to have herbicidal activity; however, it has limited residual activity, and its efficacy remains questionable on mature weeds. Thermal weed control can be used to sterilize a seedbank or spot treat existing weeds. Future turfgrass breeding programs could focus on understanding and enhancing the allelopathic potential of turfgrasses to outcompete weeds more effectively. Furthermore, more research should be directed at assessing the competitiveness of certain turfgrasses against weeds within the limitations of producing turfgrass areas of acceptable aesthetics and playing quality.
Potential for dehydration to impact the athlete biological passport
Authors: Coffman Kirsten E. , Mitchell Katherine M. , Salgado Roy M. , Miller Geoffrey D. , Kenefick Robert W. , Cheuvront Samuel N. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn order to inform the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP), this study determined whether the elevation in hemoglobin (Hb) following intracellular or extracellular dehydration would trigger an atypical passport finding (ATPF). Seven male and three female volunteers (age: 23 ± 4 y; height: 170 ± 8 cm; body mass: 78 ± 12 kg) were carefully euhydrated (EUH) to determine baseline Hb levels. Volunteers then completed both an exercise‐induced sweating dehydration (SW) protocol and a diuretic‐induced dehydration (DI) protocol. Dehydration was assessed via body mass changes and Hb was measured via a bench‐top automated hematology analyzer. Using the ABP module, the expected baseline range for each individual was determined using EUH trials, and the impact of each dehydration protocol was then assessed in comparison with these thresholds. Volunteers lost on average 3.1% and 3.7% body mass in the SW and DI trials, respectively. While only one subject exceeded the upper threshold following DI dehydration, six additional subjects demonstrated highly unusual ABP profiles; this was not the case for SW. Sweating is not a feasible explanation for elevated Hb during ABP testing; however, recent illness such as secretory diarrhea, which is mimicked by diuretic administration, may be capable of producing elevated Hb in athletes' biological passports.
The indirect paths to cascading effects of extinctions in mutualistic networks
Authors: Pires Mathias M. , O'Donnell James L. , Burkle Laura A. , Díaz‐Castelazo Cecilia , Hembry David H. , Yeakel Justin D. , Newman Erica A. , Medeiros Lucas P. , de Aguiar Marcus A. M. , Guimarães Paulo R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBiodiversity loss is a hallmark of our times, but predicting its consequences is challenging. Ecological interactions form complex networks with multiple direct and indirect paths through which the impacts of an extinction may propagate. Here we show that accounting for these multiple paths connecting species is necessary to predict how extinctions affect the integrity of ecological networks. Using an approach initially developed for the study of information flow, we estimate indirect effects in plant–pollinator networks and find that even those species with several direct interactions may have much of their influence over others through long indirect paths. Next, we perform extinction simulations in those networks and show that although traditional connectivity metrics fail in the prediction of coextinction patterns, accounting for indirect interaction paths allows predicting species’ vulnerability to the cascading effects of an extinction event. Embracing the structural complexity of ecological systems contributes towards a more predictive ecology, which is of paramount importance amid the current biodiversity crisis.
Plus ça change: Renée Fox and the Sociology of Organ Replacement Therapy
Authors: Frader Joel E. , Bosk Charles L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRereading Renée C. Fox's “A Sociological Perspective on Organ Transplantation and Hemodialysis,” published in 1970, one is likely to be struck more by continuity than by change. The most pressing of the social, policy, and ethical concerns that Fox raised remain problematic fifty years later. We still struggle with scientific and clinical uncertainty, with the boundary between experimentation and therapy, and with the cost of organ replacement therapies and disparities in how they are allocated. We still have an imperfect understanding of transplant immune responses. We still debate when a potential donor “actually” dies, and we still seem to think better empirical criteria could harmonize the diverse religious, cultural, and socioeconomic values of patients, providers, third‐party payers, and policy‐makers. Organ transplantation was for Fox both a particular case unfolding in time and an entryway for discussing the difficult moral questions presented by many new medical technologies in a context of high demand and limited resources.
The New Wallet Biopsy and Involuntary Patient Transfers Abroad: How Physicians Can Help Protect Patients
Authors: Loue Sana 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act in 1986 was intended to bring an end to incidents of “patient dumping.” However, due to the conflation of various federal legislative provisions, hospitals faced with the prospect of long‐term unreimbursed care of an immigrant patient, whether legally present in the United States or not, are in some cases having such patients transported to another country. These transfers are often being effectuated without patient consent. After an overview of the flaws in the legal system that have effectively encouraged such patient transfers, this essay uses a clinical case to demonstrate how physicians can collaborate with an interdisciplinary team and with family members to ensure that the best interests of immigrant patients are met. Finally, the essay calls on physicians to advocate for the development of hospital policies and practices that will protect patients from international patient dumping.
The role of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex in dorsomedial prefrontal–amygdala neural circuitry during positive‐social emotion regulation
Authors: Scharnowski Frank , Nicholson Andrew A. , Pichon Swann , Rosa Maria J. , Rey Gwladys , Eickhoff Simon B. , Van De Ville Dimitri , Vuilleumier Patrik , Koush Yury 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPositive‐social emotions mediate one's cognitive performance, mood, well‐being, and social bonds, and represent a critical variable within therapeutic settings. It has been shown that the upregulation of positive emotions in social situations is associated with increased top‐down signals that stem from the prefrontal cortices (PFC) which modulate bottom‐up emotional responses in the amygdala. However, it remains unclear if positive‐social emotion upregulation of the amygdala occurs directly through the dorsomedial PFC (dmPFC) or indirectly linking the bilateral amygdala with the dmPFC via the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC), an area which typically serves as a gatekeeper between cognitive and emotion networks. We performed functional MRI (fMRI) experiments with and without effortful positive‐social emotion upregulation to demonstrate the functional architecture of a network involving the amygdala, the dmPFC, and the sgACC. We found that effortful positive‐social emotion upregulation was associated with an increase in top‐down connectivity from the dmPFC on the amygdala via both direct and indirect connections with the sgACC. Conversely, we found that emotion processes without effortful regulation increased network modulation by the sgACC and amygdala. We also found that more anxious individuals with a greater tendency to suppress emotions and intrusive thoughts, were likely to display decreased amygdala, dmPFC, and sgACC activity and stronger connectivity strength from the sgACC onto the left amygdala during effortful emotion upregulation. Analyzed brain network suggests a more general role of the sgACC in cognitive control and sheds light on neurobiological informed treatment interventions.
Liposarcoma of oral cavity: Systematic review of cases reported to date and analysis of prognostic factors
Authors: Pontes Flávia S. C. , de Souza Lucas L. , Vulcão Élida N. C. , de Abreu Michelle C. , Menezes Sarah N. , Rezende Diogo , Pontes Hélder A. R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to integrate the available data published on Liposarcomas (LPSs) of the oral cavity into an analysis of its clinical features, treatment modalities, and prognostic factors. An electronic search was undertaken in January 2019. The eligibility criteria included publications that had enough clinical and histological information to confirm the diagnosis. Forty‐five publications (104 LPSs) were included. The lesion was more prevalent in males from the fifth to seventh decades of life. Treatment (P = .03) and distant metastasis (P = .0001) were independently associated with survival. A lower possibility of recurrence was statistically associated with age (younger patients) (P = .03), tumor size (smaller than 2.8 cm) (P = .001), and treatment (radical surgery) (P = .04). LPS presents a good survival for patients after 5 years of follow‐up (66.4%). Patients who were treated with conservative surgery and presented with distant metastasis showed poor prognosis.
Dry reforming of methane by La0.5Sr0.5NiO3 perovskite oxides: influence of preparation method on performance and structural features of the catalysts
Authors: Mousavi Maryam , Nakhaei Pour Ali , Gholizadeh Mostafa , Mohammadi Ali , Kamali Shahri Seyed Mehdi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe dry reforming of methane (DRM) process has received considerable attention for the production of syngas owing to its great environmental and economic benefits. LaNiO3 and La0.5Sr0.5NiO3 nanoparticles were synthesized with the co‐precipitation procedure using distilled and magnetic distilled water, and examined as catalysts in DRM.RESULTSThe structure and morphology of the prepared nanoparticles were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and temperature‐programmed reduction, desorption and hydrogenation techniques. The experimental results proved that the treated La0.5Ni0.5SrO3 catalyst had better initial performance in DRM in comparison with the LaNiO3 catalyst, due to its greater surface basicity. The orientation for deposition of carbon over the surface of the consumed catalysts was as follows: La0.5Sr0.5NiO3 treated > La0.5Sr0.5NiO3 non‐treated > LaNiO3 non‐treated > LaNiO3 treated.CONCLUSIONAmong the synthesized catalysts, the treated La0.5Sr0.5NiO3 sample exhibited higher initial DRM activity, due to its greater surface basicity. Also, the higher surface basicity of the strontium‐substituted catalyst led to an increase in CO2 desorption and coke deposition according to the Boudouard reaction. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Nickel carbonyl formation in a fluidized bed reactor: experimental investigation and modeling
Authors: Aghamiri Śeyedfoad , Ghobeity Amin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe Mond process has been used in the industry for nickel purification over a century. However, theoretical studies on this process are few and primarily based on empirical models. In this article, experimental and theoretical modeling of nickel tetracarbonyl formation through the Mond process under different conditions in a fluidized bed reactor is presented. Nickel tetracarbonyl, known primarily as nickel carbonyl gas, is formed through the reaction between nickel powder and carbon monoxide. The apparent reaction rate is modeled as a function of reaction temperature, inlet gas pressure, and carbon monoxide flow rate. Experimental results were obtained using a fluidized bed reactor. A diffusion‐kinetics and a two‐phase bubbling bed model were developed to compare with experimental results. The reactor is considered as a differential flow reactor for the theoretical modeling.RESULTSRate of reaction is measured in a fluidized bed and used for the verification of the studied models. The best performing model is a kinetic‐diffusion model with a rate of reaction that obeys rem = Kem([CO])n, in which Kem is a function of mass transfer as well as kinetic variables, but is primarily temperature dependent. Also, n for low‐pressure and high‐pressures regions is −1 and −3, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThe reaction rate is strongly dependent on carbon monoxide gas pressure. The models developed are rather simple yet provide significant improvement in predictions of the reaction rate compared to the existing models in the literature. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Celastrol mitigates high glucose‐induced inflammation and apoptosis in rat H9c2 cardiomyocytes via miR‐345‐5p/growth arrest‐specific 6
Authors: Ma Liping , Cao Yanjing , Zhang Lin , Li Ketao , Yan Laixing , Pan Yizhan , Zhu Jianhua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundCelastrol (Cel) has been corroborated as an anti‐inflammatory and anti‐apoptotic agent in multiple cell damage models. However, the protective effect of Cel in high glucose (HG)‐induced cardiomyocyte injury is still unclear. The present study aimed to determine whether Cel can mitigate HG‐stimulated cardiomyocyte injury via regulating the miR‐345‐5p/growth arrest‐specific 6 (Gas6) signaling pathway.MethodsCardiomyocytes were exposed to normal glucose (NG; 5 mmol/l) or HG (30 mmol/l) and then administered with Cel. Cell counting kit‐8 and flow cytometry assays were used to detect cell proliferative activity and apoptosis. mRNA and protein expression were analyzed using a quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. A bioinformatics algorithm and a luciferase reporter gene assay were used to determine whether Gas6 is a direct target of miR‐345‐5p.ResultsThe present study confirmed the inhibitory effects of Cel in HG‐induced inflammation in cardiomyocytes. Moreover, Cel exhibited the ability to antagonize HG‐induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and suppress the elevated Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio elicited by HG stimulation. Intriguingly, Cel treatment revoked the HG‐triggered repression of Gas6 protein expression, and Gas6 loss‐of‐function accelerated HG‐induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. HG‐triggered up‐regulation of miR‐345‐5p expression was depressed following Cel treatment. Importantly, we validated that Gas6 is a direct target of miR‐345‐5p. Transfection with miR‐345‐5p inhibitors restrained HG‐induced release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and cell apoptosis.ConclusionsThe findings of the present study demonstrate that Cel administration antagonized HG‐induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and inflammation through up‐regulating Gas6 expression by restraining miR‐345‐5p.