bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eksistensi Pengadilan Pajak Dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Pajak
Authors: Gotama I Wayan Sentana , Widiati Ida Ayu Putu , Seputra I Putu Gede 
Published: November 2020

Abstrak—Pajak merupakan salah satu sumber penerimaan negara untuk pembangunan nasional, yang pemungutannya dapat dipaksakan berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan. Dalam prakteknya, seringkali terdapat perbedaan penafsiran antara fiskus dan wajib pajak dalam memahami peraturan perundang-undangan yang dapat menimbulkan sengketa pajak. Adapun rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah: bagaimana kedudukan Pengadilan Pajak di Indonesia? Kendala-kendala apakah yang menghambat proses penyelesaian sengketa pajak di Pengadilan Pajak? Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memperluas pengetahuan hukum masyarakat khususnya mengenai pengadilan pajak dan dapat terwujudnya Pengadilan Pajak yang profesional, independen, dan terpercaya. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual dan peraturan perundang-undangan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa: 1) Kedudukan Pengadilan Pajak berada dalam dua (2) lembaga yaitu pembinaan teknis-yudisial oleh Mahkamah Agung sedangkan pembinaan organisasi, keuangan, dan administrasi oleh Kementrian Keuangan. Adanya dualisme ini menyebabkan banyak pihak yang meragukan kemandirian dan independensi Pengadilan Pajak. 2) Kendala-kendala dalam proses penyelesaian sengketa pajak di Pengadilan Pajak adalah tempat kedudukan Pengadilan Pajak yang hanya ada di Ibukota Negara dan adanya sanksi administrasi berupa denda sebesar 100% (seratus persen ) jika banding wajib pajak dikabulkan sebagian atau ditolak.
Formulation and Evaluation of Microsponges Gel of Havan Ash for the Treatment of Acne
Authors: Syal Sonali , Pandit Vinay , Ankalgi Amar Deep , Verma C.P.S , Ashawat M.S. 
Published: November 2020

The aim of this study was to develop the Microsponges containing Havan ash composed gel formulation for the treatment of Acne. Therefore, the topical formulation containing microsponges of Havan Ash will be formulated and evaluated. The preliminary investigation was carried out for the formulation of Havan ash loaded Microsponges by using quasi emulsion solvent diffusion method (MSF1-MSF6). In the preformulation studies of Havan ash the physical description and organoleptic properties, pH, acid insoluble ash, water-soluble ash, IR spectroscopy, identification test, rheological study, atomic absorption spectroscopy is also carried out. On the basis of particle size analysis of Microsponges, percentage yield formulation MSF5 containing Microsponges formula was selected for composition of topical gel formulation. Thus the different gel base formulation (G1-G3) using Carbopol-934 (1,1.5,2.0%) was prepared by emulsification method. By considering all the relevant, physicochemical parameters, G2 gel base was selected for further loading of Havan ash containing Microsponges. The MSF5 formulation was loaded into the selected gel base G2 (1.5%). Then the formulation and evaluation of Havan ash microsponges loaded gel was done. The formulation F3 has better results than other 4 formulations. F3 have its appearance silver colour, consistency very good, Grittiness –ve, homogeneity good, wash ability very good, pH 6.3, Spreadabilty (g.cm/sec) 14.4 ± 0.77 7and viscosity (cps) 18251 ± 50.12, have good result of psychometric analysis. With the revealed results by different evaluation parameters, it is concluded that microsponges drug delivery system has become highly competitive and rapidly evolving technology and more research are carrying out to optimize cost-effectiveness and efficacy of the therapy.
Keywords: Havan ash, Antimicrobial, Microsponges, Acne vulgaris, Topical gel.
Potential Drug-Drug and Drug-Disease interactions of selected experimental therapies used in treating COVID-19 patients
Authors: Al-Zidan Radhwan Nidal 
Published: November 2020

At the end of 2019, the whole world was witnessing the birth of a new member of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) family in Wuhan city, China. Since then, the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has rapidly invaded every corner of the world. Before the end of September 2020, nearly 32 million cases worldwide were recorded, with a death toll of approximately 1 million cases. As COVID-19 has spread across the world, certain groups of people prove more susceptible than others. Elderly patients and people with chronic medical conditions such as heart disease or diabetes are more likely to experience or even suffer from serious diseases. As a population, senior citizens take more medicines than young people. Similarly, people with chronic illnesses who are several taking drugs to control their illness. All this poses a significant query in managing COVID-19 cases: can a standard drug regimen be paired with one or more experimental drugs? For example, some of the most widely prescribed medicines—including antibacterial drugs, antifungals, heart-related medications, neuroleptics, contraceptives, and sedatives —can have extensive and often even severe interactions with some of the experimental COVID-19 therapy. Therefore, to reduce the morbidity and mortality rate associated with COVID-19, this issue needs to be answered in detail. This review addressed the key points related to the drug-drug and drug-disease interaction in patients with COVID-19. To help health care providers locate the answers they need in the shortest possible time, the information contained in this review has been included in easy-to-read tables.
Keywords: Drug interactions; DDIs; Polypharmacy; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19.
Zahar Mohra (Bezoar) an Alexipharmic Unani Mineral Drug: Review
Authors: Mustehasan , , Azhar Misbahuddin , Naushin Sofia , Alam Mahe 
Published: November 2020

Rhazes (855-925 AD) the great scholar of Unani System Medicine (USM), initially classified Materia Medica according to animal, mineral and plant origin. Zahar Mohra is a Greenish white, good‑looking mineral stone with a slippery feel having a good smell and taste obtained from mines. In USM it is considered to be a universal antidote. The great Unani Scholar Yuhannā Māsawayh (777-857 AD), was one of the first physicians who mentioned the medicinal uses of Zahar Mohra. In Unani Medicine it is used to treat epidemic diseases such as Haiza (Cholera), Tawoon (Plague), as an antidote for different poisoning and to provide strength to vital organs. To check adulteration the quality standard of Zahar Mohra has been laid down. All the available information regarding this historically important stone has been compiled which will help the researcher to find a solution of pandemic disease in the current scenario.
Key words: Zahar Mohra, Unani Medicine, Fade Zahar Kani, Mineral Bezoar
A Review A Review on Pharmacognostic and Therapeutic Uses of Rubia cordifolia
Authors: Ali Ayesha , Aslam Mohd , Chaudhary Shahid S 
Published: November 2020

In today’s time research on plants has increased globally. There are thousands of plant species having good potential offering direct therapeutic effect individually or in combinations. Manjith a herbal drug also known as Indian madder with its botanical name Rubia cordifolia is an age old ethno-medicinal plant in India used as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-bacterial, anti-androgenic, immune-modulator, hepato-protective, astringent, tonic, antiseptic, de-obstruent, anti-dysenteric and efficient blood purifier, hence is extensively used against blood, skin and urinary diseases. This study is aimed at assessing the scientific evaluation of desi Rubia cordifolia in the course of pharmacognostical analysis to identify its various parts and to differentiate it from various adulterants, which mainly covers the macroscopic and microscopic features and its medicinal properties which are due to its richness in phytoconstituents such as quinines (anthraquinones), glycosides, saponins, tanins, alkaloids, hexapeptides, triterpenoids, steroids, phenols, and saccharids.
Keywords: Rubia cordifolia, Manjith, Fooh, ethno medicinal plant, Unani, pharmacological study
Knowledge of Basic Life Support among Dental Surgeons: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Keshwar Shashi , Shankar Daya , Sarraf Deependra Prasad , Grover Sonal , Gupta Pramendra Prasad 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Basic life support (BLS) refers to preserving an airway and promoting breathing and circulation without the use of any tools. It saves lives if given timely. The lack of training and knowledge of BLS might lead to tragic consequences.
Objective: To assess the knowledge regarding BLS among dental surgeons.
Methods: A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted among dentists in Haryana, during April-May 2020 using a semi-structured proforma. It consisted of sociodemographic data and 11 close-ended items on BLS. Score 1 was given for each correct answer. A google form was prepared via docs.google.com/forms and the link was sent to the participants via social media platforms like WhatsApp and Viber. The filled questionnaires were extracted from the Google Forms and exported to Microsoft Excel 2016. Descriptive statistics like mean, frequency and percentage were calculated to present the study findings using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software (version 21).
Results: Out of 73 participants, 59 (80.8%) were male and 60 (82.2%) belonged to age group of 31-45 years. Forty one (56.2%) participants had completed a bachelor of dental surgery. Mean (±SD) knowledge score was 8.75±2.46. Thirty eight (52.1%) participants scored less than 50% of the maximum score. The knowledge score was high in male and aged 31-45 years and it was statistically significant (P-value<0.05).
Conclusion: The study shows sub-optimal knowledge among dental practitioners regarding BLS and showed the urgent need for continuous refreshing courses for this critical topic.
Keywords: Basic life support; Dentist; Knowledge.
Immunomodulators in the Treatment of Psoriasis
Authors: Maniyan Namitha , Sreejith K. , Neena Cherakkulath C , Athulnadh B. , Faris P.P. Muhamed , Thasneem K.V. Musaina , Gayathri K 
Published: November 2020

Psoriasis is a chronic T lymphocyte mediated systemic inflammatory disease characterised by recurrent exacerbations and remission of thickened, erythematous and scaling plaque and multiple comorbidities. Based on morphology and extend of involvement dermatosis may range from innocuous lesion to wide spread life threatening pustular and erythrodermic forms. Psoriasis is a multifactorial skin disease and it involves a complex pathogenesis. It can be explained by a immunological disregulation of cell function along with differentiation or proliferation of keratinocyte. Psoriasis treatment aims to reduce skin inflammation and to clear skin. Conventional therapy usually includes topical, light and systemic medications. All the three therapies are found to be good for the treatment but are associated with a number of side effects like increased skin sensitivity, burning, skin staining, xerosis and alopecia etc. Nowadays various recent therapeutic advances are attempting to control the T cell expression by the suppression of same and are correlates with the clinical remission. Immunomodulators and biological therapy contribute a new way for psoriasis therapy. These drugs are more safer, effective and selective immunosuppressive agents as compared to conventional agents. This review summarisesthe variousimmunomodulators used in the treatment of psoriasis Keywords: Psoriasis, conventional therapy, immunomodulators
Assessment of Potentially Inappropriate Medications and Prescription Appropriateness in Geriatics at Teritiary Care Hospital
Authors: Wazir Wahiba Mohammed , Afreen Saba , IFFATH FARIA , Rafia Amtul Muqeet , Ur Rahman Mohammed Ateeq 
Published: November 2020

Background: Elder people are a diversified group commonly presenting with multiple comorbid illnesses resulting into multiple prescriptions which in turn increases adverse effects and polypharmacy. Potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) further contribute to this risk. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the prescription appropriateness and (PIM) in geriatrics as per WHO core prescribing indicators and Beer’s Criteria, 2015 respectively.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in Osmania General Hospital, a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital from December 2018 to May 2019. A total of 100 case records of inpatients greater than or equal to 60 years of age, in general medicine wards were reviewed. Relevant information was recorded in a structured proforma and data was evaluated.
Results: Out of 100 patients, 70 patients were male and 30 patients were female. Majority of them were from the age group of 65-70 years. There were 34% patients prescribed at least one PIM. Polypharmacy was observed in all patients. Average no. of drugs per prescription was 10.5%.Percentage of drugs prescribed from EDL (Essential drug list) were 84%.The p value of WHO core prescribing indicators was assessed using chi square test and was found to be significant.
Conclusion: Our study found WHO core prescribing indicators to be deviated from the optimum values set by WHO and high prevalence of Potentially Inappropriate Medications as per Beers criteria 2015. This highlights the need of future research work, strategies and regulatory measures focusing on geriatric patients and also encouraging prescribers to use the WHO core prescribing indicators and Beers criteria while prescribing elderly for providing optimum healthcare.
Keywords: Beer’s criteria, Geriatrics, WHO prescribing indicators, Polypharmacy. Ageing, Potentially Inappropriate Medications.
The Kidney and COVID-19: Pandemic Effects on the Patients
Authors: Sarwar A.S.M. , Jain Divya , Bushra Anika , Razzak Khandaker Sabit Bin , Hossain Mohammad Nabil , Rahman Sabrina 
Published: November 2020

COVID-19 pathogens were identified as new coronaviruses by the sequencing of sample lower respiratory tracts from patients affected, which share a sequence of 79.6 percent identified as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. The virus has spread rapidly worldwide and was reported as a pandemic on 11 March 2020 since its detection in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The principal characteristics of COVID-19 were diffuse alveolar damage and acute respiratory failure, involving other organs. Although co-morbidities such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease have reported as risk factors of COVID-19, there is still no proof of an increased vulnerability to chronic renal disease in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKDs), although there are several studies continuing worldwide. CKD is differentiated by kidney structure abnormalities or functions which last > 3 months and have an impact on patient health. The deaths were not specifically caused by COVID-19, but were considered systemic causes. In HD patients with COVID-19 there were decreased lymphopenia, reduced serum levels of inflammatory receptors and more severe clinical disease than patients with HD CKD. Therefore, additional precautions should be taken in CKD patients to minimize risk of the infection. Doctors can also be carefully watched to identify signs of worsening of the disease in CKD patients with confirmed COVID-19.
Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Some Plants Used in the Management of Erectile Dysfunction by the BWA Community in Mali
Authors: Togola Issiaka , Dembélé Jean , Daou Cheickna , Diarra Nouhoum , Konaré Mamadou A. , Sanogo Rokia 
Published: November 2020

The erection has always symbolized strength and virile health. Erectile dysfunction is undoubtedly a concern as old as humanity. Tamarindus indica L., Guiera senegalensis J.F.Gmel and Ximenia americana L. are commonly used in the traditional treatment of erectile dysfunction by the Bwa community in Mali. The aim of this study was to measure the total polyphenols and flavonoids and then to evaluate the antiradical activity of the extracts (aqueous and hydroalcoholic macerated and decocted) of the organs of these species. The study found that for all species, the hydro-alcoholic macerated extract showed the best results. The polyphenol contents have been 36.85±0.21 mgGAE/g; 32.60±0.25 mgGAE/g and 29.79±0.51 mgGAE/g for Ximenia americana, Tamarindus indica and Guiera senegalensis respectively. The flavonoid contents have been 22.03±0.15 mgQE/g; 17.53±0.02 mgQE/g and 8.03±0.03 mgQE/g for Ximenia americana, Tamarindus indica and Guiera senegalensis respectively. The antiradical activity expressed in IC50 is 37.54±0.75 µg/mL; 52.75±0.71 µg/mL and 54.66±1.14 µg/mL for Ximenia americana, Tamarindus indica and Guiera senegalensis respectively. This study revealed that those plants are rich in total polyphenols and show a good antiradical activity. This wealth would justify their traditional use. The biological tests would be necessary to confirm their use in the treatment of erectile dysfunction.
Keywords: Erectile dysfunction, polyphenols, antioxidant activity, Bwatun-Mali.
Ethnobotanical survey on dandelion use in the western region of Algeria
Authors: Bekhaled Imene , Benalia Abdelkrim , Mehida Hayet , Meziani Samira , Tarfaoui Luiza , Djebbar Ahmed Abdelhamid , Demmouche Abassia 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) is an edible and medicinal plant. We use the leaves, flowers and roots. The objective of this study is to show interest in the use of dandelion as a natural remedy in the primary treatment of serval pathologies. Methods : An ethnobotanical survey of 1000 people in the western region of Algeria was conducted using a questionnaire. Results: the obtained results from this study show that 60% of the population questioned prefer traditional medicine the majority of them use the plant in the medical field whose leaves and roots are most used. Infusion and maceration are the most usable methods for the preparation of the plant and administration is exclusively oral. Most users testify that the plant has significant efficacy with a percentage of 61%. Conclusion :All this information constitutes a database to perform other research in vivo or in vitro to value this planton the therapeutic level. Keywords : Taraxacum Officinale, traditional medicine, leaves, ethnobotanical study.
Transmission and Pathogenesis of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak
Authors: Sawikr Yousef 
Published: November 2020

The current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has presented unmatched challenges to the healthcare systems in almost every country around the world. Currently, there are no established effective vaccines or therapeutic agents against the virus. Present clinical management includes infection prevention and control process and supportive care including supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilator support. It is proposed this is likely the zoonotic beginning of COVID-19. Individual to-individual transmission of COVID-19 contamination prompted the separation of patients that were accordingly managed an assortment of medicines.
Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, supplemental oxygen, ventilator support
Effect of Layering Techniques on Polymerization Shrinkage Stress of High- and Low-viscosity Bulk-fill Resins
Authors: Tsujimoto A , Jurado CA , Barkmeier WW , Sayed ME , Takamizawa T , Latta MA , Miyazaki M , Garcia-Godoy F 
Published: November 2020

Clinical Relevance
The use of layering techniques is still advisable with many bulk-fill resins and should be the default unless a particular resin is known to not need it.

SUMMARY
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate how layering techniques affect polymerization shrinkage stresses of high-and low-viscosity bulk-fill resins.
Method: Six high-viscosity and six low-viscosity bulk-fill resins were evaluated. Aluminum blocks with a mesial-occlusal-distal (MOD) cavity were machined and randomly divided into groups for different filling techniques (bulk-fill vs horizontal layering vs oblique layering) and further subdivided according to type of resin (high- vs low-viscosity). The cuspal deflection resulting from the polymerization of bulk-fill resin bonded to a MOD cavity within an aluminum block was measured with a digimatic micrometer. Scanning electron microscopy analyses of tested resins were also conducted.
Results: In the high-viscosity bulk-fill resins, cuspal deflection of the MOD cavity ranged from 11.2 to 18.2 μm with the bulk-filling technique, from 10.7 to 15.5 μm with the horizontal layering technique, and from 10.9 to 15.2 μm with the oblique layering technique. In the low-viscosity bulk-fill resins, cuspal deflection of the material ranged from 9.2 to 19.8 μm with the bulk-filling technique, from 8.2 to 15.7 μm with the horizontal layering technique, and from 8.4 to 16.4 μm with the oblique layering technique.
Conclusion: Cuspal deflections for some high-and low-viscosity bulk-fill resins were significantly reduced by using layering techniques, but the resultant improvement of layering techniques was not applicable to all the bulk-fill resins used in this study.
Measurement of Water Film Thickness Due to Sipe Edges of Studless Tires
Authors: Takimi Akihiro , Iwai Tomoaki , Shoukaku Yutaka 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Water on an icy surface is wiped by the rubber sipe edges of studless tires. However, it has been proposed that water on an icy surface forms a thin film rather than being removed completely. Nonetheless, there have been relatively few studies on the contact conditions of rubber sipe edges and the formation of a water film due to wiping. In this study, the frictional properties and contact areas of model sipes of studless tires were measured. In addition, the thickness of the water film formed on the tread surface was estimated by optical interferometry. Three types of styrene butadiene rubber with different levels of hardness were used as rubber specimens. The experiment was conducted by varying both the number of rubber edges and the slope angle between the rubber specimens and the vertical direction of a glass disk. The coefficient of friction tended to decrease with increasing sliding speed at all slope angles, and the value of the coefficient of friction was decreased as the slope angle became large. Moreover, the contact area between the rubber edges and a glass disk with a slope angle of 0° tended to increase as the sliding speed increased. The thickness of the water film formed after wiping ranged from 0.98 to 1.70 μm, and it increased as the slope angle increased.