bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Description, molecular characteristics and Wolbachia endosymbionts of Onchocerca borneensis Uni, Mat Udin & Takaoka n. sp. (Nematoda: Filarioidea) from the Bornean bearded pig Sus barbatus Müller (Cetartiodactyla: Suidae) of Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Uni Shigehiko , Mat Udin Ahmad Syihan , Agatsuma Takeshi , Junker Kerstin , Saijuntha Weerachai , Bunchom Naruemon , Fukuda Masako , Martin Coralie , Lefoulon Emilie , Labat Amandine , Khan Faisal Ali Anwarali , Low Van Lun , Cheah Phaik Leng , Lim Yvonne Ai-Lian , Ramli Rosli , Belabut Daicus Martin , Zainuri Nur Afiqah , Matsubayashi Makoto , Omar Hasmahzaiti , Bhassu Subha , Uga Shoji , Hashim Rosli , Takaoka Hiroyuki , Azirun Mohd Sofian 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
The genus Onchocerca Diesing, 1841 includes species of medical importance, such as O. volvulus (Leuckart, 1893), which causes river blindness in the tropics. Recently, zoonotic onchocercosis has been reported in humans worldwide. In Japan, O. dewittei japonica Uni, Bain & Takaoka, 2001 from wild boars is a causative agent for this zoonosis. Many filarioid nematodes are infected with Wolbachia endosymbionts which exhibit various evolutionary relationships with their hosts. While investigating the filarial fauna of Borneo, we discovered an undescribed Onchocerca species in the bearded pig Sus barbatus Müller (Cetartiodactyla: Suidae).

Methods
We isolated Onchocerca specimens from bearded pigs and examined their morphology. For comparative material, we collected fresh specimens of O. d. dewittei Bain, Ramachandran, Petter & Mak, 1977 from banded pigs (S. scrofa vittatus Boie) in Peninsular Malaysia. Partial sequences of three different genes (two mitochondrial genes, cox1 and 12S rRNA, and one nuclear ITS region) of these filarioids were analysed. By multi-locus sequence analyses based on six genes (16S rDNA, ftsZ, dnaA, coxA, fbpA and gatB) of Wolbachia, we determined the supergroups in the specimens from bearded pigs and those of O. d. dewittei.

Results
Onchocerca borneensis Uni, Mat Udin & Takaoka n. sp. is described on the basis of morphological characteristics and its genetic divergence from congeners. Molecular characteristics of the new species revealed its close evolutionary relationship with O. d. dewittei. Calculated p-distance for the cox1 gene sequences between O. borneensis n. sp. and O. d. dewittei was 5.9%, while that between O. d. dewittei and O. d. japonica was 7.6%. No intraspecific genetic variation was found for the new species. Wolbachia strains identified in the new species and O. d. dewittei belonged to supergroup C and are closely related.

Conclusions
Our molecular analyses of filarioids from Asian suids indicate that the new species is sister to O. d. dewittei. On the basis of its morphological and molecular characteristics, we propose to elevate O. d. japonica to species level as O. japonica Uni, Bain & Takaoka, 2001. Coevolutionary relationships exist between the Wolbachia strains and their filarial hosts in Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia.
Arginase promotes immune evasion of Echinococcus granulosus in mice
Authors: Cao Shengkui , Gong Wenci , Zhang Xiaofan , Xu Meng , Wang Ying , Xu Yuxin , Cao Jianping , Shen Yujuan , Chen Jiaxu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundCystic echinococcosis is a chronic disease caused by infection with the larvae ofEchinococcus granulosus. The parasite’s ability to establish persistent infection is partly due to its evolving immune evasion strategies. One strategy may involve the protective effect of arginase, which impedes the control of pathogens or tumors, whereas it remains largely unknown duringE. granulosusinfection. Here, we analyzed whether arginase was produced in peritoneal cells and assessed its role in immunosuppression in mice infected with protoscoleces ofE. granulosus.MethodsBALB/c mice injected with protoscoleces ofE. granulosuswere used to evaluate the expression of arginase (ARG) in mRNA and protein levels. The profiles of ARG-1 expression in peritoneal cells and CD3ζexpression in T cells from spleens were assessed at different time points (3, 6, 9 and 12 months post-infection) by flow cytometry.In vitro, peritoneal cells were co-cultured with purified T cells in a transwell system, and the levels of CD3ζre-expression were compared by flow cytometry. Meanwhile, the changes ofl-arginine and its related metabolites in serum were tested.ResultsCompared to the control group, the peritoneal cells from infected mice showed higher levels of ARG-1 mRNA and protein, unchanged ARG-2 and iNOS. Enhanced ARG-1 expression was present in SSClowCD11b+F4/80+, CD11b+CD11c+, CD11b+Gr-1+Ly-6C+Ly-6G−, CD11b+Gr-1+Ly-6C−Ly-6G+, CD11b+Gr-1+and CD11b+Ly-6G+cells. The proportion of cells and the proportion of ARG-1 expression in corresponding cells exhibited a rising trend along with the extension of infection time, except for fluctuations in SSClowCD11b+F4/80+and CD11b+CD11c+cells at 12 months post-infection, whereas the expression of CD3ζchain in CD4+and CD8+T cells showed a descending trend. Purified T cells showed declined re-expression of CD3ζwhen co-cultured with peritoneal cells from infected mice, and CD3ζwas regenerated by supplement ofl-arginine or arginase inhibitor BEC, rather than NOS inhibitorl-NMMA or catalase. Meanwhile, the concentrations ofl-arginine,l-citrulline and NO decreased, and those ofl-ornithine and urea increased in serum post-infection.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrated that ARG-1 expression is enhanced in multiple myeloid cells from peritoneum and promotes immune evasion ofE. granulosusin mice by inhibiting the expression of T cell receptor CD3ζchain and antagonism against iNOS.
Spatial pattern and driving factors of biomass carbon density for natural and planted coniferous forests in mountainous terrain, eastern Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Sun Lina , Wang Mengben , Fan Xiaohui 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Understanding the spatial pattern and driving factors of forest carbon density in mountainous terrain is of great importance for monitoring forest carbon in support of sustainable forest management for mitigating climate change.

Methods
We collected the forest inventory data in 2015 in Shanxi Province, eastern Loess Plateau of China, to explore the spatial pattern and driving factors of biomass carbon density (BCD) for natural and planted coniferous forests using Anselin Local Moran’s I, Local Getis-Ord G* and semivariogram analyses, and multi-group structural equation modeling, respectively.

Results
The result of spatial pattern of BCDs for natural forests showed that the BCD was generally higher in the north but lower in the south of Shanxi. The spatial pattern for planted forests was substantially different from that for natural forests. The results of multi-group SEM suggested that elevation (or temperature as the alternative factor of elevation) and stand age were important driving factors of BCD for these two forest types. Compared with other factors, the effects of latitude and elevation on BCD showed much greater difference between these two forest types. The difference in indirect effect of latitude (mainly through affecting elevation and stand age) between natural and planted forests was to some extent a reflection of the difference between the spatial patterns of BCDs for natural and planted forests in Shanxi.

Conclusions
The natural coniferous forests had a higher biomass carbon density, a stronger spatial dependency of biomass carbon density relative to planted coniferous forests in Shanxi. Elevation was the most important driving factor, and the effect on biomass carbon density was stronger for natural than planted coniferous forests. Besides, latitude presented only indirect effect on it for the two forest types.
High Resolution MR Imaging guidelines in retinoblastoma: prospective study correlated with histopathological results
Authors: Habib Yomna S. , Youssef Ayda A. , AlKiki Hasan A. , Ghareeb Hala T. , ElZomor Hossam El Dein A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Retinoblastoma is the commonest intraocular pediatric neoplasm. With the recent scope of shifting to eye preserving therapies, preoperative MRI is becoming the primary noninvasive diagnostic method to confirm the diagnosis, assess the ocular coats and optic nerve, and detect extraocular tumor extension and intracranial primitive neuroectodermal tumor associated with retinoblastoma as funduscopy and ultrasound have limitations. Diffusion-weighted images (DWIs) detect abnormalities based on differences in tissue cellularity. Echoplanar-based (EP) DWI results in susceptibility artifacts and geometric distortions, which make DWI of the orbit a challenging technique. The purpose of our study is to evaluate preoperative magnetic resonance (MR) imaging diagnostic merits and indices in patients with retinoblastoma.

Results
Fifty-eight eyes were prospectively reviewed in 30 girls and 27 boys (mean age at diagnosis was 23 months ± 18.9) with retinoblastoma by two radiologists on T1-weighted images, fat saturated T2-weighted images, DWIs, ADC, and postcontrast T1-weighted MR images with and without fat suppression. All patients included were primarily treated by surgical enucleation; one girl had bilateral enucleation. MRI shows accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, NPV, and PPV; 86.2%, 95.3%, 60%, 81.8%, and 87.2% respectively for choroidal invasion; 75.8%, 58.8%, 82.9%, 83%, and 58.8% in prelaminar optic nerve invasion; and 86.2%, 85.2%, 87%, 87%, and 85% in postlaminar optic nerve invasion (PLONI) respectively. For sclera and extrascleral tumor invasion, MRI show accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, NPV, and PPV of 93%, 55.6%, 100%, 92.5%, 100%, and 98.3%, 100%, 98%,100%, 80% respectively. On DWIs, the vital solid tumor shows hyperintense signal compared to the vitreous. The difference between the mean ADC value of the solid enhancing tumor (0.3[0.12–0.8] × 10−3 s/mm2) and nonenhancing necrotic parts (1.4[1.0–1.8] × 10−3 s/mm2) was statistically significant (p < 0.001). No correlation was found between the ADC values and high risk features for metastasis. Abnormal anterior chamber enhancement shows no statistically significant correlation with main MRI and histopathology findings. Maximum tumor diameter in mm show statistically significant correlation with postlaminar optic nerve invasion (ρ = .002) and choroidal invasion (ρ = .007). Sensitivity and specificity of different tumor size cutoff values are calculated using the ROC analysis.

Conclusion
High-resolution ocular MR imaging can reliably detect postlaminar optic nerve invasion, choroid, and extrascleral invasion; meanwhile, it shows low sensitivity in prelaminar optic nerve, ciliary body, and sclera invasion. Significantly lower ADC values in viable tumor than necrotic parts are recorded.
Multidisciplinary Tool Kit for Febrile Neutropenia: Stewardship Guidelines,Staphylococcus aureusEpidemiology, and Antibiotic Use Ratios
Authors: Bartash Rachel , Cowman Kelsie , Szymczak Wendy , Guo Yi , Ostrowsky Belinda , Binder Adam , Sheridan Carol , Levi Michael , Gialanella Philip , Nori Priya 
Published: February 2020

PURPOSE:Inappropriate vancomycin for febrile neutropenia (FN) is an ideal antimicrobial stewardship target. To improve vancomycin prescribing, we instituted a multifaceted intervention, including an educational guideline with audit for compliance; an antibiotic use audit; and an assessment of local burden of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization and infection.MATERIALS AND METHODS:We conducted a quasi-experimental pre-post intervention review of vancomycin initiation for FN on a 32-bed hematology/oncology unit. A retrospective chart review was conducted from November 2015 to May 2016 (preintervention period). In January 2017, we implemented an institutional FN guideline emphasizing criteria for appropriate use. Vancomycin audit was conducted from February 2017 to October 2017 (postintervention period). The primary outcome was appropriateness of vancomycin initiation. We then compared average antibiotic use (days of therapy per 1,000 patient days) for vancomycin and cefepime before and after intervention. Finally, unit-wide MRSA screening cultures were obtained upon admission and bimonthly for 6 weeks (October 2, 2017, to November 9, 2017). Screened patients were followed for 12 months for clinical MRSA infection.RESULTS:Forty-three (49%) of 88 preintervention patients were started on empiric vancomycin appropriately, compared with 59 (66%) of 90 postintervention patients ( P = .02). There was a significant decrease in vancomycin use after intervention. Six (7.1%) of 85 patients screened positive for MRSA colonization. During the 12-month follow-up, no colonized patients developed clinical MRSA infections (positive predictive value, 0.0%). Of the 79 noncolonized patients, 2 developed a clinically significant infection (negative predictive value, 97.5%).CONCLUSION:Guideline-focused education can improve vancomycin appropriateness in FN and should be bundled with education and feedback about local MRSA epidemiology and antibiotic use rates for maximal stewardship impact.
From Orientation to Onboarding: A Survey-Based Departmental Improvement Program for New Radiation Oncology Faculty Physicians
Authors: Cuaron John J. , Gillespie Erin F. , Gomez Daniel R. , Khan Atif J. , Mychalczak Borys , Cahlon Oren 
Published: February 2020

PURPOSE: To evaluate physician-reported assessments of an established faculty orientation program for new radiation oncology physicians at a large academic center and to prospectively analyze the effects of an onboarding improvement program based on those assessments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An anonymous survey was designed and distributed to physicians new to the department who received onboarding orientation between 2013 and 2017. Survey questions addressed the comprehensiveness, effectiveness, and utility of various orientation activities. On the basis of the survey results, an improved onboarding program was designed and implemented for nine new faculty members between May 2018 and November 2018. A post-intervention survey querying topics similar to those in the pre-intervention survey was distributed to the new faculty members. Descriptive statistics were generated to compare the pre-intervention and post-intervention groups. RESULTS: The overall rate of survey completion was 85% (17 of 20). The intervention program markedly improved physician assessment of comprehensiveness and effectiveness of the onboarding process. Physicians strongly and consistently identified mentor shadowing, on-the-job training, and other faculty mentorship activities as the most important components of an effective onboarding experience. CONCLUSION: An enhanced, tailored, person-oriented, formal onboarding improvement program significantly increased physician assessment scores of comprehensiveness and effectiveness of the faculty onboarding process. This model can serve as a framework for increasing physician preparedness, encouraging early physician mentorship, and ensuring a universal standard of quality across large practices.
Skeletal muscle in health and disease
Authors: Morgan Jennifer , Partridge Terence 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Skeletal muscle fibres are multinucleated cells that contain postmitotic nuclei (i.e. they are no longer able to divide) and perform muscle contraction. They are formed by fusion of muscle precursor cells, and grow into elongating myofibres by the addition of further precursor cells, called satellite cells, which are also responsible for regeneration following injury. Skeletal muscle regeneration occurs in most muscular dystrophies in response to necrosis of muscle fibres. However, the complex environment within dystrophic skeletal muscle, which includes inflammatory cells, fibroblasts and fibro-adipogenic cells, together with the genetic background of the in vivo model and the muscle being studied, complicates the interpretation of laboratory studies on muscular dystrophies. Many genes are expressed in satellite cells and in other tissues, which makes it difficult to determine the molecular cause of various types of muscular dystrophies. Here, and in the accompanying poster, we discuss our current knowledge of the cellular mechanisms that govern the growth and regeneration of skeletal muscle, and highlight the defects in satellite cell function that give rise to muscular dystrophies.
Thyroid Function and Nutrient Status in the Athlete
Authors: Larson-Meyer D. Enette , Gostas Demetre E. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Thyroid disease is common in the general population, especially in women, and also may be prevalent among athletes. Autoimmune disorders are the most common cause of thyroid disorders in countries with iodine-fortification programs; however, thyroid dysfunction can be brought on by nutritional factors, including insufficient energy intake and iodine, selenium, iron, and vitamin D deficiency. Additionally, strenuous exercise may be associated with transient alterations in thyroid hormones. While the development of thyroid related disorders has the potential to impact health and peak performance, typical clinical manifestations are highly variable, lack specificity, and are frequently confused with other health problems. The assessment process should focus on anthropometric changes, biochemical tests (thyroid panel), personal and family history, examination for appropriate signs and symptoms, and diet and environmental assessment that includes adequacy of energy, iodine, iron, selenium, and vitamin D intake/status along with excess stress and exposure to environmental contaminants and dietary goitrogens.
Footwear and Cadence Affect Gait Variability in Runners with Patellofemoral Pain
Authors: BONACCI JASON , FOX AARON , HALL MICHELLE , FULLER JOEL T. , VICENZINO BILL 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To examine the effects of increased cadence and minimalist footwear on lower-limb variability in runners with patellofemoral pain (PFP).

Methods
Fifteen (12 female, 3 male) runners with PFP ran on an instrumented treadmill with three-dimensional motion capture in three randomly ordered conditions: (i) standard shoe at preferred cadence, (ii) standard shoe +10% cadence, and (iii) minimalist shoe at preferred cadence. Vector coding was used to calculate coordination variability between strides for select lower-limb joint couplings. Approximate entropy was calculated to assess continuous variability for segment kinematic and kinetic data and compared between conditions using repeated-measures ANOVA. One-dimensional statistical parametric mapping repeated-measures ANOVA was performed on the coordination variability data. Cohen’s d effect size was calculated for all comparisons.

Results
Larger approximate entropy values (i.e., greater variability) were observed for the standard shoe +10% cadence versus the standard shoe at preferred cadence for hip flexion/extension (P < 0.001; d = 1.12), hip adduction/abduction (P < 0.001; d = 0.99) and ankle dorsiflexion/plantarflexion (P < 0.001; d = 1.37) kinematics, and knee flexion/extension moments (P < 0.001; d = 0.93). Greater variability was also observed in the minimalist shoe versus the standard shoe at preferred cadence for hip internal/external rotation moments (P < 0.001; d = 0.76), knee adduction/abduction moments (P < 0.001; d = 0.51), and knee internal/external rotation moments (P < 0.001; d = 1.02). One-dimensional statistical parametric mapping repeated-measures ANOVA revealed no significant differences in coordination variability between running conditions.

Conclusions
Greater hip and knee kinematic and kinetic variability observed with either increased cadence or minimalist footwear may be beneficial for those with PFP.
QUALIDADE DA INFORMAÇÃO DOS DADOS GOVERNAMENTAIS ABERTOS: ANÁLISE DO PORTAL DE DADOS ABERTOS BRASILEIRO
Authors: Silva Ambrozina De Abreu Pereira , Monteiro Doraliza Auxiliadora Abranches , Reis Anderson De Oliveira 
Published: February 2020

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar o Portal Brasileiro de Dados Abertos, sob a perspectiva da qualidade dos dados e dos princípios de DGA’s. Foram analisadas informações disponíveis no ano de 2018 no Website do Portal. As categorias de análise que compuseram a pesquisa foram os princípios de DGA’s, apontados pelo Open Government Working Group e as dimensões para a análise da qualidade dos dados, propostos por Parker et al. (2006). O portal, enquanto catalogador dos dados, atende, praticamente, a todos os princípios de DGA´s. Quanto à qualidade das informações, dimensões como adequação, relevância, atualização, facilidade de manipulação e entendimento merecem atenção por parte da Administração Pública. Espera-se que os fatores apontados sejam considerados pela Administração Pública, possibilitando a disponibilização de dados qualificados que contribuam com o aperfeiçoamento das ações governamentais, promovendo possibilidades efetivas de consulta às informações fornecidas pela Administração Pública brasileira, favorecendo o processo de participação da sociedade civil.
Development of a cell-free split-luciferase biochemical assay as a tool for screening for inhibitors of challenging protein-protein interaction targets
Authors: Cooley Rachel , Kara Neesha , Hui Ning Sze , Tart Jonathan , Roustan Chloë , George Roger , Hancock David C. , Binkowski Brock F. , Wood Keith V. , Ismail Mohamed , Downward Julian 
Published: February 2020

Targeting the interaction of proteins with weak binding affinities or low solubility represents a particular challenge for drug screening. The NanoLucâ ® Binary Technology (NanoBiTâ ®) was originally developed to detect protein-protein interactions in live mammalian cells. Here we report the successful translation of the NanoBit cellular assay into a biochemical, cell-free format using mammalian cell lysates. We show that the assay is suitable for the detection of both strong and weak protein interactions such as those involving the binding of RAS oncoproteins to either RAF or phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) effectors respectively, and that it is also effective for the study of poorly soluble protein domains such as the RAS binding domain of PI3K. Furthermore, the RAS interaction assay is sensitive and responds to both strong and weak RAS inhibitors. Our data show that the assay is robust, reproducible, cost-effective, and can be adapted for small and large-scale screening approaches. The NanoBit Biochemical Assay offers an attractive tool for drug screening against challenging protein-protein interaction targets, including the interaction of RAS with PI3K.
From local space to global spectacle: World Heritage and space utilization in Calle Crisologo, Vigan City, Philippines
Authors: Tabunan Mark Louie 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
World Heritage, a project of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) that aims to protect and preserve tangible and intangible inheritances of mankind, enables the construction of 'distributed, "polycentric" networked economy of cultural production and exchange'. This article focuses on Calle Crisologo in northern Philippines, analysing the ways in which it has been creatively produced as World Heritage Site from postcolonial Vigan's built space. Building on Pierre Bourdieu's concepts of habitus, field, and capital and reading ordinances and an architect's plans, I argue that the World Heritage project reconfigures the once local space into a global spectacle. While World Heritage is a western construct and a result of the experience of late modernity, how it is manifested in Calle Crisologo also shows how vernacular modernity developed in Vigan as a colonial city. With the syncretic mixing of cultures in everyday Calle Crisologo as a resource, western modernity, supposed to be unitary and linear in its aims of progress and development, gets deflected.