bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lobophora (Dictyotales) Species Richness, Ecology and Biogeography Across the North‐Eastern Atlantic Archipelagos and Description of Two New Species1
Authors: Vieira Christophe , Henriques Filipe , D'hondt Sofie , Neto Ana , Almada Carmen H. , Kaufmann Manfred , Sansón Marta , Sangil Carlos , Clerck Olivier De 
Published: December 2019

The brown alga Lobophora (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) is an important macroalga in the North‐eastern Atlantic archipelagos (i.e., Macaronesia). Notably in the Canaries it can dominate benthic assemblages. While the genus has been the subject of several ecological studies in the Canaries, no study has yet been conducted to assess species‐level diversity of Lobophora in Macaronesia. We reassessed the diversity of Lobophora in Macaronesia, reporting the presence of seven species (L. caboverdeana sp. nov., L. canariensis, L. dagamae sp. nov., L. delicata, L. dispersa, L. littlerorum, and L. schneideri). Lobophora spp. from Macaronesia are morphologically and ecologically distinguishable. In the Canaries, L. schneideri dominates the photophilic assemblages from the intertidal to 20‐30 m depth. Lobophora dagamae sp. nov. grows in less illuminated shallow habitats, and replaces L. schneideri from 30 to ~80 m. Lobophora canariensis also has a wide vertical distribution, from the intertidal to deep waters, while L. delicata, L. dispersa and L. littlerorum grow in shallow waters. The dominance of species with an upright habit versus prostrate or crustose species may be mediated by the pressure of herbivores. Four species have an amphi‐Atlantic distribution: L. littlerorum, L. canariensis, L. delicata, and L. schneideri. Lobophora schneideri and L. delicata are furthermore distributed in the Mediterranean Sea. By sampling a pivotal region in the Atlantic, this study significantly improves our knowledge of Lobophora biogeography in the Atlantic Ocean. Macaronesia constitutes a species–poor region for Lobophora where no diversification events occurred, and a region of overlap between the Greater Caribbean and the Indo‐Pacific.
Outpatient‐ or community‐based interventions to prevent SIDS and sleep‐related deaths
Authors: Pretorius Kelly , Rew Lynn 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeTo determine the state of science of outpatient‐ or community‐based interventions for sudden infant death syndrome prevention in the United States, an integrative review was completed and studies identified through the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria.ConclusionsOf the nine studies identified, three were randomized controlled trials. There was a wide range of measurement tools and variables measured. The timing of interventions also varied. There was a focus on mothers and African Americans. Lastly, study design and approach have not changed significantly over time.Practice ImplicationsFindings highlight recommendations for future research: expanding the target population, addressing culture in the development of the intervention or program, including additional providers, such as nurses, in the intervention or program, advancing innovation, and increasing rigor of study design.
Making visible the literacy practices of elders through theday in the lifemethodology: considerations for literacy education across the lifespan
Authors: Heydon Rachel , Stooke Roz , Cameron Catherine Ann , Cooper Emma , O'Neill Susan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis pilot study uses ‘day in the life' methodology to observe the everyday literacy practices of a self‐identified thriving elder. Through the case of one nonagenarian female residing in an assisted living community in the United States, we identified the multimodal, posthuman nature of this elder's literacies, exploring how they were connected to a sense of well‐being and the types of literacies that remain relevant across the lifespan. We further consider what the insights gained from such a study might teach about literacy education more generally. We advocate for education that keeps open people's literacy options across the lifespan through acknowledging and cultivating the myriad interrelated constituents of literacies, including the physical, social and political.
The iambic/trochaic law: Nature or nurture?
Authors: Crowhurst Megan J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe iambic/trochaic law (ITL) asserts that listeners associate louder sounds with group onsets and longer sounds with group endings. The ITL has interested theoretical phonologists since Hayes' (1995) proposal that it may describe the perceptual underpinnings of the Foot Inventory (Hayes, 1995; McCarthy and Prince, 1986, 1996). This article surveys the growing experimental literature exploring perceptual ITL effects. The experimental findings to date suggest that ITL effects have both a “nature” and a “nurture” component, are documented for a variety of species, and are cross‐modal in humans. Questions are raised as to whether there is likely to be a natural connection between ITL effects and the foot inventory.
Comparative genomics reveals divergent thermal selection in warm‐ and cold‐tolerant marine mussels
Authors: Popovic Iva , Riginos Cynthia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInvestigating the history of natural selection among closely related species can elucidate how genomes diverge in response to disparate environmental pressures. Molecular evolutionary approaches can be integrated with knowledge of gene functions to examine how evolutionary divergence may affect ecologically relevant traits such as temperature tolerance and species distribution limits. Here, we integrate transcriptome‐wide analyses of molecular evolution with knowledge from physiological studies to develop hypotheses regarding the functional classes of genes under positive selection in one of the world's most widespread invasive species, the warm‐tolerant marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Based on existing physiological information, we test the hypothesis that genomic functions previously linked to divergent temperature adaptation at the whole‐organism level show accelerated molecular divergence between warm‐adapted M. galloprovincialis and cold‐adapted congeners. Combined results from codon model tests and analyses of polymorphism and divergence reveal that divergent selection has affected genomic functions previously associated with species‐specific expression responses to heat stress, namely oxidative stress defence and cytoskeletal stabilization. Examining specific loci implicated in thermal tolerance among Mytilus species (based on interspecific biochemical or expression patterns), we find close functional similarities between known thermotolerance candidate genes under positive selection and positively selected loci under predicted genomic functions (those associated with divergent expression responses). Taken together, our findings suggest a contribution of temperature‐dependent selection in the molecular divergence between warm‐ and cold‐adapted Mytilus species that is largely consistent with results from physiological studies. More broadly, this study provides an example of how independent experimental evidence from ecophysiological investigations can inform evolutionary hypotheses about molecular adaptation in closely related nonmodel species.
Periodontics in the USA: An introduction
Authors: Ryder Mark I. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe United States continues to be an incubator for new concepts and approaches to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of periodontal diseases. This volume of Periodontology 2000 presents some of these newer areas of research and paradigms that have emerged in the United States from both long‐established and new investigators. These areas include: (1) more comprehensive approaches to assessing the total periodontal microbiome, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and their interactions with both the local and systemic inflammatory and immune responses, as well as with other oral and systemic conditions and diseases; (2) new developments for a more comprehensive characterization of the patient genome, transcriptome, and proteome profiles and the role of these profiles in periodontal disease pathogenesis; (3) new developments in nonsurgical approaches to periodontal diseases, including broad‐based lines of attack using natural antimicrobials and host‐modulation therapies and more focused approaches that target specific interactions in the host response; and (4) new big data analysis, machine learning, and imaging approaches, both for understanding the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases and for developing improved risk‐assessment tools and better treatment outcomes.
The impact of diabetes on periodontal diseases
Authors: Graves Dana T. , Ding Zhenjiang , Yang Yingming 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe susceptibility and severity of periodontal diseases is made more severe by diabetes, with the impact on the disease process inversely proportional to the level of glycemic control. Although type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus have different etiologies, and their impact on bone is not identical, they share many of the same complications. Studies in animals and humans agree that both forms of diabetes increase inflammatory events in periodontal tissue, impair new bone formation, and increase expression of RANKL in response to bacterial challenge. High levels of glucose, reactive oxygen species, and advanced glycation end‐products are found in the periodontium of diabetic individuals and lead to increased activation of nuclear factor‐kappa B and expression of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor and interleukin‐1. Studies in animals, moreover, suggest that there are multiple cell types in periodontal tissues that are affected by diabetes, including leukocytes, vascular cells, mesenchymal stem cells, periodontal ligament fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes. The etiology of periodontal disease involves the host response to bacterial challenge that is affected by diabetes, which increases the expression of RANKL and reduces coupled bone formation. In addition, the inflammatory response also modifies the oral microbiota to render it more pathogenic, as demonstrated by increased inflammation and bone loss in animals where bacteria are transferred from diabetic donors to germ‐free hosts compared with transfer from normoglycemic donors. This approach has the advantage of not relying upon limited knowledge of the specific bacterial taxa to determine pathogenicity, and examines the overall impact of the microbiota rather than the presumed pathogenicity of a few bacterial groups. Thus, animal studies have provided new insights into pathogenic mechanisms that identify cause‐and‐effect relationships that are difficult to perform in human studies.
A bibliometric analysis of Periodontology 2000
Authors: Ahmad Paras , Asif Jawaad Ahmed , Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Slots Jørgen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe continually high impact factor of Periodontology 2000 (7.861 for 2018), the level of which is unprecedented among dental journals, prompted the present bibliometric analysis of the Journal. Since the inception of Periodontology 2000 in 1993 and until July 2019, the top 100 most‐cited articles have received a total of 21,276 (Web of Science), 23,009 (Elsevier's Scopus), and 43,518 (Google Scholar) citations. The citations of the 100 most‐cited articles were found to vary from 118 to 827 (Web of Science), 10 to 1069 (Scopus), and 15 to 2028 (Google Scholar). Three articles had more than 600 (Web of Science) citations, 5 had between 400 and 600 citations, 25 had between 200 and 400 citations, and 67 had between 100 and 200 citations. The first authors of the 100 most‐cited articles were based in the USA (51%), Switzerland (14%), and Australia (10%). The 5 dental institutions with the most frequently cited articles were The Forsyth Institute, USA (9 articles), The University of Queensland, Australia (8 articles), University of Bern, Switzerland (7), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA (6 articles), and University of Washington, USA, and Temple University School of Dentistry, USA (5 articles each). The likely reason for the high impact factor of Periodontology 2000 is publication of insightful and timely review articles produced by eminent researchers and clinicians from a wide range of dental institutions and countries.
On Earth as it is in heaven: A study of nineteenth‐century religious communal experiments in the United States
Authors: Hart Amy 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article provides an introduction to the scholarship on religious communal experiments in nineteenth‐century United States for scholars and students of history. The author approaches this scholarship from the perspective of a historian, thus primarily exploring historians' scholarship on these communities. In a similar vein, this article highlights historical communities, as opposed to those utopias that remained exclusively within the literary genre. This article first explains the history of communal studies scholarship and its traditional focus on the “big three” communities: Oneida, the Shakers, and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter‐Day Saints, previously referred to as the Mormons. The article then explores the evolution of the scholarship since the mid‐twentieth century, including the implementation of new historical methodologies and emphases on race and gender in the study of these communities. Finally, this article looks toward the future of communal studies scholarship, anticipating the next direction this scholarship will take.
The epidemiology of platelet transfusions: an analysis of platelet use at 12 US hospitals
Authors: Gottschall Jerome , Wu YanYun , Triulzi Darrell , Kleinman Steven , Strauss Ronald , Zimrin Ann Butler , McClure Christopher , Tan Sylvia , Bialkowski Walter , Murphy Edward , Ness Paul ,   for the NHLBI Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation (REDS‐III) Study
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDUsing the Recipient and Donor Epidemiology Study‐III (REDS‐III) recipient and donor databases, we performed a retrospective analysis of platelet use in 12 US hospitals that were participants in REDS‐III.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSData were electronically extracted from participating transfusion service and blood center computer systems and from medical records of the 12 REDS‐III hospitals. All platelet transfusions from 2013 to 2016 given to patients aged 18 years and older were included in the analysis.RESULTSThere were 28,843 inpatients and 2987 outpatients who were transfused with 163,719 platelet products (103,371 apheresis, 60,348 whole blood derived); 93.5% of platelets were leukoreduced and 72.5% were irradiated. Forty‐six percent were transfused to patients with an International Classification of Diseases, 9th/10th Revision (ICD‐9/10) diagnosis of leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), or lymphoma. The general ward and the intensive care unit (ICU) were the most common issue locations. Only 54% of platelet transfusions were ABO identical; and 60.6% of platelet transfusions given to Rh‐negative patients were Rh positive. The most common pretransfusion platelet count range for inpatients was 20,000 to 50,000/μL, for outpatients it was 10,000 to 20,000/μL. Among ICU patients, 35% of platelet transfusion episodes had a platelet count of greater than 50,000/μL; this was only 8% for general ward and 2% for outpatients. The median posttransfusion increment, not corrected for platelet dose and/or patient size, ranged from 12,000 to 20,000/μL for inpatients, and from 17,000 to 27,000/μL for outpatients.CONCLUSIONSThese data from one of the largest reviews of platelet transfusion practice to date provide guidance for where to focus future clinical research studies and platelet blood management programs.
Parameter Identification and Sensor Configuration in Tip Timing for Asynchronous Vibration of a Deformed Blade With Finite Element Method Simulated Data Verification
Authors: Zhang Xiaojie , Wang Yanrong , Jiang Xianghua , Gao Shimin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Blade tip timing (BTT) measurement has been used to measure the vibration of turbomachinery blades in recent years. People researches focus on the development of processing methods. Newly developed BTT processing methods are usually tested by numerical simulations. Because blades will deform when loaded, the detected points by sensors relative to the blade tip will deviate from their expected positions. A novel simulated BTT model is proposed to identify the movement of the detected points. Finite element method (FEM) is used, and the blade tip profile is discretized into series of segments, each of which is composed of adjacent nodes from the blade tip grid to avoid the error possibly caused by coarse girds. There are two factors which will deviate the detected points from their initial positions: static deformation and vibration. This method is validated by BTT datasets from three different simulations. In addition, an improved sine fitting method and a displacement modification method are proposed to process the deceptive signal of the detected point. The effect of the sensor configuration on the parameter identification is also studied. The result shows that when the static point cannot be determined, it would be better if the sensor could be mounted at a place where it is far away from the nodal line and the static deformation there is small.
Inverse Optimal Stabilization of Dynamical Systems by Wiener Processes
Authors: Do K. D. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper formulates and solves new problems of inverse optimal stabilization and inverse optimal stabilization with gain assignment for nonlinear systems by Wiener processes. First, a theorem is developed to design inverse optimal stabilizers (i.e., covariance matrix multiplied by variance of Wiener processes), where it does not require to solve a Hamilton–Jacobi–Belman equation. Second, another theorem is developed to design inverse optimal stabilizers with gain assignment for nonlinear systems perturbed by both nonvanishing deterministic and stochastic (Wiener processes) disturbances without having to solve a Hamilton–Jacobi–Isaacs equation.
Welding, Brazing and Fusing Qualifications
Authors: Swezy John P. , Feldstein Joel G. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This chapter covers the qualification of welding, brazing, and plastic fusing procedures and the qualification of individuals performing these procedures as required by the Construction Codes of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel and Piping Codes. It first traces the history of Section IX, outlines the organization of the Section, and reviews the scope of weld processes that Section IX addresses. Section IX contains rules for the qualification of the several weld processes such as oxyfuel welding, shielded metal arc welding, submerged arc welding, gas metal arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding, and plasma arc, among others. The chapter then describes the classification of ASME base materials as given in Section IX. It explains the general requirements for both the welding procedure and welder performance qualification as well as the variables applicable to the welding procedure and welder performance qualification. The chapter also discusses the requirements to perform Charpy V-notch impact testing of the weld procedure qualification. It outlines the requisites for conducting the following testing and examination methods for groove weld and pressure-retaining fillet weld procedure qualification: tension test, guided-bend test, visual examination, volumetric examination, macroexamination, and fracture test. The qualification rules for two special weld processes, corrosion-resistant weld metal overlay and hardfacing overlay, are also explained. General requirements for brazing procedure and brazer performance qualification and the variables applicable to brazing procedure and brazer performance qualification are subsequently addressed. Finally, the chapter summarizes the general requirements for fusing procedure and fusing machine operator performance qualifications and identifies the variables applicable to fusing procedure and fusing machine operator performance qualification.
Part 2, Section II—Materials and Specifications
Authors: Upitis Elmar , Moen Richard A. , Carpenter Marvin L. , Newell William , Grubb John F. , Sutherlin Richard C. , Henry Jeffrey , Chaudouet Anne 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This chapter presents various specifications for the materials used in the construction of boilers. The first section of this chapter traces the chronological evolution of materials and associated technologies, from the need for materials to accommodate riveted construction to the acceptance of fusion welding as a fabrication process. Included in this discussion are the application of advanced materials, the revisions to the basis for setting allowable stress values, and the acceptance of Material Specifications other than those approved by ASTM. The next two sections discuss Code Section II, Part A–Ferrous Material Specifications and Part B–Nonferrous Material Specifications. The discussion covers the following: Guideline on the approval of new materials under the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel (BPV) Code; Submittal of Technical Inquiries to the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee; and Guidelines on Multiple Marking of Materials. The fourth section provides the basis for the Specifications and Standards covered by Section II, Part C–Specification for Welding Rods, Electrodes, and Filler Metals, and their relations to the ANSI/AWS specifications. Included in the discussion are the electrode classification system, material descriptions, welding material applications, welding material procurement, and filler metal certification. The fifth section reviews important aspects of Section II, Part D–Properties. The discussion covers the properties of ferrous and nonferrous alloys used in the design of components for the BPV and Nuclear Construction Codes. The final section discusses Section II, Part A and Part B—International Material Specifications. ASME Section II includes rules for acceptance of material specifications of recognized National or International organizations other than ASTM. The section also discusses the process of adoption of the Committee for Standardization specifications in Europe with consequences on the corresponding ASME specifications.

History
Dennis Rahoi, Marvin L. Carpenter and Domenic A. Canonico were the original authors of this chapter. The second and third editions were updated by Marvin L. Carpenter, Elmar Upitis and Richard A. Moen. The fourth edition was updated by Elmar Upitis, Marvin L. Carpenter, John F. Grubb, Richard C. Sutherlin, Jeffrey Henry, C. W. Rowley and Anne Chaudoulet. The fifth edition was updated by Richard C. Sutherlin, Jeffrey Henry, and Anne Chaudoulet The current online edition was updated by Anne Chaudouet, Elmar Upitis and John Grubb.