bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic algorithm-based path planning of quadrotor UAVs on a 3D environment
Authors: Gutierrez-Martinez M.A. , Rojo-Rodriguez E.G. , Cabriales-Ramirez L.E. , Estabridis K. , Garcia-Salazar O. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this article, a genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed as a solution for the path planning of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in 3D, both static and dynamic environments. In most cases, genetic algorithms are utilised for optimisation in offline applications; however, this work proposes an approach that performs real-time path planning with the capability to avoid dynamic obstacles. The proposed method is based on applying a genetic algorithm to find optimised trajectories in changing static and dynamic environments. The genetic algorithm considers genetic operators that are employed for path planning, along with high mutation criteria, the population of convergence, repopulation criteria and the incorporation of the destination point within the population. The effectiveness of this approach is validated through results obtained from both simulations and experiments, demonstrating that the genetic algorithm ensures efficient path planning and the ability to effectively avoid static and dynamic obstacles. A genetic algorithm for path planning of UAVs is proposed, achieving optimised paths in both static and dynamic environments for real-time tasks. In addition, this path planning algorithm has the properties to avoid static and moving obstacles in real-time environments.
The Disc-structure space
Authors: Krannich Manuel , Kupers Alexander 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We study the

$\mathscr {D}\mathrm {isc}$

-structure space

$S^{\mathscr {D}\mathrm {isc}}_\partial (M)$

of a compact smooth manifold M. Informally speaking, this space measures the difference between M, together with its diffeomorphisms, and the diagram of ordered framed configuration spaces of M with point-forgetting and point-splitting maps between them, together with its derived automorphisms. As the main results, we show that in high dimensions, the

$\mathscr {D}\mathrm {isc}$

-structure space a) only depends on the tangential

$2$

-type of M, b) is an infinite loop space, and c) is nontrivial as long as M is spin. The proofs involve intermediate results that may be of independent interest, including an enhancement of embedding calculus to the level of bordism categories, results on the behaviour of derived mapping spaces between operads under rationalisation, and an answer to a question of Dwyer and Hess in that we show that the map

$\mathrm {BTop}(d)\rightarrow \mathrm {BAut}(E_d)$

is an equivalence if and only if d is at most

$2$

.
Genome-wide association study analysis of single nucleotide variants in L. infantum associated with IL-6 inflammatory response in visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: da Silva Amanda Miranda , Carvalho Kátia Silene Sousa , Januário Caio Andrey Bezerra , Caldas Raquel Gomes de Sena Carneiro , Paulino Bianka Lopes da Silva , Braz Débora Cavalcante , Costa Dorcas Lamounier , Wallau Gabriel da Luz , da Silva Junior Wilson Jose , Costa Carlos Henrique Nery 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Elevated levels of IL-6 in plasma are associated with the severity of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The clinical manifestations of VL vary among patients, influenced by host factors and the virulence of the Leishmania infantum parasite. Considering that severe VL may result from an exaggerated inflammatory response, this study investigated whether IL-6 could serve as a biomarker to identify pro-inflammatory virulence factors. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis on L. infantum isolates from patients with VL, whose IL-6 concentrations were measured. The analysis revealed that the relationship between IL-6 levels and clinical outcomes (survival vs mortality) had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.67 (95% CI 0.52–0.81). A cut-off of 391.7 pg mL−1 for IL-6 was established to conduct a logistic regression analysis. We identified 10 029 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) across 62 genomes, resulting in 6,948 SNVs after filtering, of which 6,341 are located in protein-coding regions. The association analysis with PLINK identified 722 variants, of which 35 showed significant associations, with odds ratios ≥3.3, primarily in coding regions. These findings demonstrate that IL-6 levels tended to be associated with the fatal outcome of VL and highlight 35 novel genetic variants that could serve as potential biomarkers for prognosis. Further research into the biological role of these variants may lead to new therapeutic targets and improve the clinical management of VL, especially in identifying high-risk patients.
Maternal parenting style and self-regulatory private speech content use in preschool children
Authors: Wall Kendall , Mulvihill Aisling , Matthews Natasha , Dux Paul E. , Carroll Annemaree 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Private speech is a tool through which children self-regulate. The regulatory content of children’s overt private speech is associated with response to task difficulty and task performance. Parenting is proposed to play a role in the development of private speech as co-regulatory interactions become represented by the child as private speech to regulate thinking and behaviour. This study investigated the relationship between maternal parenting style and the spontaneous regulatory content of private speech in 3- to 5-year-old children (N = 70) during a problem-solving Duplo construction task. Sixty-six children used intelligible private speech which was coded according to its functional self-regulatory content (i.e., forethought, performance, and self-reflective). Mothers completed the Australian version of the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire. Results revealed a significant positive association between maternal authoritative parenting and the frequency and proportion of children’s forethought type (i.e., planning and self-motivational) utterances during the construction task. There were no significant associations between maternal parenting style and other private speech content subtypes.
Fault diagnosis of proton exchange membrane fuel cells based on improved YOLOv5
Authors: Deng Xiangshuai , Du Dongshen , Fang Huaisong , Ren Yiming 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
With the widespread application of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the PEMFCs is becoming more and more important. Timely diagnosis of fault types and the implementation of targeted interventions are crucial for addressing these challenges. In this study, a simulated PEMFC model is firstly introduced by using Fluent, and the effectiveness is validated through experiments involving membrane dry faults, water flooding faults, normal states, and unknown states. Then, a data-driven deep learning convolutional neural network, YOLOv5-CG-AS, is developed, which employs the EfficientViT network as the backbone, incorporating lightweight improvements through the proposed CG-AS attention layer. The results demonstrate that YOLOv5-CG-AS can automatically extract fault features from images for offline fault diagnosis and can perform real-time online diagnosis of multiple parameter curves of PEMFCs. Moreover, the experimental results have validated the feasibility and effectiveness of proposed method and shown the average precision mean Average Precision (mAP) of the trained model reaches 99.50%, superior than other conventional strategies. This has significant implications for advancing fault diagnosis methods, enhancing the reliability and durability of PEMFC systems, and promoting further development in the field.
Lizards as sentinels for the distribution of Angiostrongylus cantonensis
Authors: Anettová Lucia , Baláž Vojtech , Coufal Radovan , Horsák Michal , Izquierdo-Rodriguez Elena , Šipková Anna , Foronda Pilar , Modrý David 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The rat lungworm Angiostrongylus cantonensis is a zoonotic metastrongyloid nematode currently considered an emerging pathogen. Originating in Southeast Asia, this nematode has spread to tropical and subtropical parts of the world via its invasive rodent and gastropod hosts.
On the island of Tenerife in the Canary archipelago, the A. cantonensis invasion was recognized more than a decade ago. The endemic lizard Gallotia galloti has been identified as a paratenic host of this nematode in the Canary Island ecosystem. Because this lizard species is the most abundant reptile in Tenerife, we tested its suitability as a possible sentinel for A. cantonensis presence. Lizards were captured alive in nine localities, spanning an environmental gradient across the island. Tail muscle tissue was obtained by provoked caudal autotomy and tested for the nematode infection by a species-specific qPCR. Infection intensities were assessed by detecting A. cantonensis DNA quantities based on a calibrated standard curve. Of the 129 samples tested, 31 were positive. The prevalence varied among localities, with the highest (63.6%) recorded in a humid laurel forest. Even though the prevalence in Valle San Lorenzo was the lowest, this is the first record of A. cantonensis from the arid south of Tenerife. Variation in prevalence at different localities was significantly and positively correlated with increasing vegetation cover and negatively correlated with seasonal variability of precipitation, as determined by Spearman correlation coefficients. Fisher’s exact test was used to determine the variation in the prevalence of A. cantonensis among adult males, females, and juveniles and showed no significant difference. Also, there was no significant difference in infection intensity between males and females (as determined by GEE-g). We demonstrated that provoking caudal autotomy can be an effective non-lethal method of A. cantonensis mapping in island ecosystems with abundant lizard species, particularly those with a sharp climatic and vegetation gradient, from xeric to humid conditions.
Space scan statistics to identify clusters of neonatal mortality associated with bacterial sepsis
Authors: Costa-Nobre Daniela Testoni , Marinonio Ana Sílvia Scavacini , Miyoshi Milton Harumi , Sanudo Adriana , Areco Kelsy Catherina Nemo , Kawakami Mandira Daripa , Balda Rita de Cássia Xavier , Konstantyner Tulio , Vieira e Oliveira Carina Nunes , Bandiera-Paiva Paulo , de Freitas Rosa Maria Vieira , Teixeira Monica La Porte , Waldvogel Bernadette , de Almeida Maria Fernanda , Guinsburg Ruth , Kiffer Carlos Roberto Veiga 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Our study aim was to identify high-risk areas of neonatal mortality associated with bacterial sepsis in the state of São Paulo, Southeast Brazil. We used a population-based study applying retrospective spatial scan statistics with data extracted from birth certificates linked to death certificates. All live births from mothers residing in São Paulo State from 2004 to 2020 were included. Spatial analysis using the Poisson model was adopted to scan high-rate clusters of neonatal mortality associated with bacterial sepsis (WHO-ICD10 A32.7, A40, A41, P36, P37.2 in any line of the death certificate). We found a prevalence of neonatal death associated with bacterial sepsis of 2.3/1000 live births. Clusters of high neonatal mortality associated with bacterial sepsis were identified mainly in the southeast region of the state, with four of them appearing as cluster areas for all birth weight categories (<1500 g, 1500 to <2500 g and ≥ 2500 g). The spatial analysis according to the birth weight showed some overlapping in the detected clusters, suggesting shared risk factors that need to be explored. Our study highlights the ongoing challenge of neonatal sepsis in the most developed state of a middle-income country and the importance of employing statistical techniques, including spatial methods, for enhancing surveillance and intervention strategies.
The effect of anti-scatter grids on radiation exposure during transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus closure in premature infants
Authors: Khallaf Mohamed , Aldoss Osamah , Bischoff Adrianne Rahde , Windsor Jimmy , Stopak Joshua , Mukundan Chaitra , McNamara Patrick J. , Mohammad Nijres Bassel 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackground:Radiation exposure and the effect of anti-scatter grids are not well studied in premature infants during transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus closure.This study aimed to investigate whether the use of anti-scatter grids altered the level of radiation exposure to premature infants undergoing transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus closure.Methods and Results:Demographic and radiation exposure data for premature infants who underwent transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus closure at the Stead Family Children’s Hospital from 10/2019 to 10/2021 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Twenty-four patients (41%) underwent transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus closure with anti-scatter grids, while 34 (59%) underwent the procedure without using anti-scatter grids. At the time of catheterization, the median age, corrected age, and weight were 4.3 weeks (3.4–6), 29 weeks (28.1–30.9), and 1200g (1000-1600), respectively. Total radiation exposures for the dose area product and air kerma were 2.73 µGy.m2 (1.65–4.16), and 1.63 mGy (1.15–2.58), respectively. Radiation doses were higher in the group in whom the anti-scatter grids were utilized with dose area product of 3.33 µGy.m2 (2.39–5.43) and air kerma of 2.27 mGy (1.41–3.06) versus 1.86 µGy.m2 (1.46–3.60) and air kerma of 1.40 mGy (1.08–1.92). When radiation doses were adjusted to the radiation time, no difference in radiation exposure was noticed between the groups.Conclusions:Transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus closure in premature infants can be safely performed with minimal radiation exposure. In the authors’ laboratory, the use of anti-scatter grids does not impact radiation exposure in premature infants.
Management of common cattail (Typha latifolia) with florpyrauxifen-benzyl in rice fields
Authors: Inci Deniz , Leinfelder-Miles Michelle M. , Al-Khatib Kassim 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Common cattail is a perennial weed that naturally occurs in wet or saturated soils, such as in marshes, lakes, ponds, irrigation and drainage canals, and streams, throughout North America. Recently, common cattail has become an important problem for the drill-seeded rice systems in the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta of northern California. This research was conducted in 2022 and 2023 at three sites near Stockton, CA, to evaluate the efficacy of florpyrauxifen-benzyl, a newly registered auxin-mimic herbicide, to control common cattail in drill-seeded rice. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl was applied alone at 40 g ai ha–1 and 80 g ha–1 on 0- to 1-m-tall and 1- to 2-m-tall common cattail and in a sequential application of florpyrauxifen-benzyl at 40 g ha–1 followed by 40 g ha–1 between 14-d intervals on 0- to 1-m-tall and 1- to 2-m-tall common cattail. Triclopyr, another auxin-mimic rice herbicide widely used in California, was applied alone at 420 g ae ha–1 on 0- to 1-m-tall common cattail for comparison. Triclopyr was also applied in combination with florpyrauxifen-benzyl at 40 g ha–1 at the 0- to 1-m growth stage. The injury symptoms on common cattail started within 3 d after treatment (DAT) for the florpyrauxifen-benzyl + triclopyr mixture treatment and within 7 DAT for all other florpyrauxifen-benzyl applied treatments. All florpyrauxifen-benzyl treatments controlled 100% of common cattail at 28 DAT regardless of application rate and timing. Common cattail height and dry biomass at 28 DAT were lower for all treatments compared to the nontreated control. While the common cattail control was excellent for all florpyrauxifen-benzyl applications, rice injury was minimal. This research indicates that common cattail up to 2 m tall can be effectively and rapidly controlled in rice fields with florpyrauxifen-benzyl at 40 g ha–1.
Local and Downstream Effects of Vertical Soil Water Flow on Summer Persistent Extreme Precipitation Events in Southeast China
Authors: Xie Youyong , Yuan Huiling 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPersistent extreme precipitation events (PEPEs) in Southeast China cause casualties and economic losses, and accurate simulations of these events continue to face significant challenges. This study identifies critical features associated with PEPEs during boreal summer in this region, such as both cool land surface and air at 850 hPa, indicating strong land‐atmosphere interactions. Vertical soil water flow (VSWF) significantly affects near‐surface soil hydro‐thermodynamics and can potentially enhance the PEPEs' simulation. However, VSWF is often ignored in land surface models. To improve the simulation of PEPEs, the VSWF term is incorporated into the soil heat transfer equation within the Noah‐MP model coupled with the Weather Research and Forecasting model, improving the simulation of PEPEs. Further analysis reveals that incorporating VSWF strengthens the cold features of PEPEs and improves precipitation simulation. Detailed examination shows that incorporating VSWF induces a secondary circulation anomaly and a positive geopotential height anomaly in Southeast China compared to simulations without VSWF. The southeast flank of the anticyclone anomaly reduces water vapor transport, while the northwest flank enhances it. Additionally, the geopotential height anomaly triggers adjustments in downstream regions of Southeast China, depending on changes in downstream circulation patterns of PEPEs. This research contributes to a better understanding of land‐atmosphere interactions, particularly the effects of VSWF on PEPEs in Southeast China.
A Novel Framework for Heterogeneity Decomposition and Mechanism Inference in Spatiotemporal Evolution of Groundwater Storage: Case Study in the North China Plain
Authors: Zhao Xiaowei , Yu Ying , Cheng Jianmei , Ding Kuiyuan , Luo Yiming , Zheng Kun , Xian Yang , Lin Yihang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractProperly understanding the evolution mechanisms of groundwater storage anomaly (GWSA) is the basis of making effective groundwater management strategies. However, current analysis methods cannot objectively capture the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of GWSA, which might lead to erroneous inferences of the evolution mechanisms. Here, we developed a new framework to address the challenge of spatiotemporal heterogeneity in the GWSA evolution analysis. It is achieved by integrating the Bayesian Estimator of Abrupt change, Seasonal change, and Trend (BEAST), the Balanced Iterative Reducing and Clustering using Hierarchies (BIRCH), and the Optimal Parameters‐based Geographical Detector (OPGD). In the case study of the North China Plain (NCP), the GWSA time series is divided into four stages by three trend change points in BEAST. An increasing trend of GWSA is observed at Stage IV, and the third trend change point occurs before the third seasonal change point. This distinguishes the positive feedback of anthropogenic interventions and the effects of seasonal precipitations for the first time. Moreover, the spatial distribution of GWSA in the NCP is classified into two clusters by BIRCH in each stage. The differences in GWSA trends and responses to environmental changes between Cluster‐1 and Cluster‐2 are significant. Then the driving effects of 16 factors on the evolution of GWSA are identified using OPGD, in which the contributions of topographic and aquifer characteristics are highlighted by quantitative analysis. This framework provides a novel method for examining the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of GWSA, which can be extended to analyze spatiotemporal trends in GWSA at diverse scales.
First Comprehensive Study of MSTID Generation and Propagation Characteristics in Iran
Authors: Vazifehkhah Hafteh M. , Mahmoudian A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTo investigate medium‐scale TID (MSTIDs) at mid‐latitudes across Iran, TEC data obtained from a dense ground‐based GNSS receiver during the 7 months from May–November 2021 were analyzed. To remove the diurnal variability of the TEC, an 8th‐order Butterworth bandpass filter was applied to the data. Then, two‐dimensional TEC maps of the detrended TEC with a spatial resolution of 0.5 0.5 in longitude and latitude were obtained. Considering MSTID periods, four bandpass filters were applied to the TEC data: 10–15, 15–20, 20–25, and 25–30 min. The objective was to determine whether MSTID propagation occurred during specific times and whether consistent directions were followed. The results indicate that MSTIDs in all bandpass filters exhibit the same direction at particular times. Distinctive MSTID features are revealed by lower period filters. To identify MSTID trends propagating throughout the region within each month, stations along a constant longitude were selected. The trends of each month were depicted using the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) technique applied to the detrended TEC. The resulting 2D map illustrates MSTID occurrence trends based on the combination of day of the month and time of day. No nighttime trend, except for two cases in July, is observed. Most of the observed MSTID trends propagate southeastward. Notably, as the end of each month approaches, there is a time shift to earlier hours for MSTID activity. The horizontal phase velocity, wavelength, and amplitude of the trends fall within the range of 200–615 m/s, 152–460 km, and dTECU, respectively.
Permeability Development During Fault Growth and Slip in Granite
Authors: Aben Franciscus M. , Farsi Ado , Brantut Nicolas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn tight crystalline rocks faults are known to be substantially more hydraulically conductive than the rock matrix. However, most of our knowledge relies on static measurements, or before/after failure data sets. The spatio‐temporal evolution of the permeability field during faulting remains unknown. Here, we determine at which stage of faulting permeability changes most, and the degree of permeability heterogeneity along shear faults. We conducted triaxial deformation experiments in intact Westerly granite, where faulting was stabilized by monitoring acoustic emission rate. At repeated stages during deformation and faulting we paused deformation and imposed macroscopic fluid flow to characterize the overall permeability of the material. The pore pressure distribution was measured along the prospective fault to estimate apparent hydraulic transmissivity, and propagation of the macroscopic shear fault was monitored by locating acoustic emissions. We find that average permeability increases dramatically (by two orders of magnitude) with increasing deformation up to peak stress, where the fault is not yet through‐going. Post‐peak stress, overall permeability increases by a factor of three. However, at this stage we observed local heterogeneities in permeability by up to factors of eight, ascribed to a partially connected fracture network. This heterogeneity decreases with fault completion at residual shear stress. With further slip on the newly formed fault, the average hydraulic transmissivity remains mostly stable. Our results show that permeability enhancement during shear rupture mostly occurs ahead of the rupture tip, and that strongly heterogeneous permeability patterns are generated in the fault cohesive zone due to partial fracture connectivity.