bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Sexual Assault and Use of Emergency Contraceptives Among Female Commercial Sex Workers in Dodoma city, Central Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Authors: ELIUFOO ELIHURUMA , Masubho Yohana Swebe , Moshi Fabiola Vicent , Kibusi Stephen Methew 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

Female Commercial Sex Workers (FCSW) are in a constant risk of being abused by their customers or community. With the increased rate of unwanted pregnancies signify the problem in preventive measures and emergency contraception. This study aimed on assessing prevalence of sexual assault and use of emergency contraceptives among female commercial sex workers in Dodoma city, Tanzania.
Methods

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to 326 female commercial sex workers with a snow ball sampling technique in 10 administrative wards of Dodoma city where by selection of 10 wards from 41 total wards was performed systematically through excel.
Results

Majority of study respondents 58% were aged between 21 to 31 years. More than a half (51.8%) had experienced sexual assault and majority (64.4%) had never used emergency contraceptives. There was significant relationship between use of emergency contraceptives with variable like ever being pregnant (p = 0.002), ever used drug (p < 0.001), level of education (p = 0.009) and ever heard about emergency contraceptives (p < 0.001). After adjusting for the confounders, the determinants of emergency contraceptives use among female commercial sex workers were level of education; ordinary secondary education (AOR = 0.373 at 95% CI = 0.158–0.878, p = 0.024), College level of education (AOR = 0.131 at 95% CI = 0.036–0.469, p = 0.002), ever used drug (AOR = 0.197 at 95% CI = 0.197–0.608, p < 0.001) and ever heard about emergency contraceptives (AOR = 6.2 at 95% CI = 3.443–11.17,p < 0.001).
Conclusion

FCSW suffer a significant sexual assault which most of them are afraid to report these assaults basing on the nature of worker being illegal. Most of them heard about emergency contraceptives but few of them are consuming them in their protection against unwanted and unplanned pregnancy.
The Social Construction of the Social Epigenome and the Larger Biological Context
Authors: deichmann ute 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Epigenetics researchers in developmental, cell, and molecular biology greatly diverge in their understanding and definitions of epigenetics. In contrast, social epigeneticists, e.g. sociologists, scholars of STS, and behavioural scientists, share a focus on what they allege to be environmentally-caused and trans-generationally inherited epigenetics. Their emphasis on the environment and so-called Lamarckian inheritance may be the result of wishful thinking and a predilection for the environment, not the gene, as defining factor for phenotypes. However, it also reflects an interdisciplinary power struggle with genetics, in which epigenetics appears to grant the social sciences a higher epistemic status. This article argues that social epigeneticists make far-reaching claims while ignoring widely confirmed scientific evidence, such as the dependence of epigenetic marks on DNA sequence specific events, and the lacking evidence for the lasting influence of the environment on epigenetic marks. Moreover, they treat as given crucial questions that are far from resolved, such as what, if any, the role of DNA methylation is in the complex biochemical system of regulating gene activity. Such shortcomings are not confined to epigenetic studies in the social study of science and behavioural sciences. The article points out biases and media hypes in scientific studies of epigenetics and calls attention to an apparent bias among scientific journals that prefer papers that promote transgenerational epigenetic inheritance over articles that critique it. The article concludes that while research labelled epigenetics contributes significantly to our knowledge about chromatin and the genome, it does not, as is often claimed, rehabilitate Lamarck or overthrow the fundamental biological principles of gene regulation, which are based on specific regulatory sequences of the genome.
Long term clinical impact of successful recanalization of chronic total occlusion in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Tsai Chuan-Tsai , Huang Wei-Chieh , Teng Hsin-I , Tsai Yi-Lin , Lu Tse-Min 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Diabetes mellitus is one of the risk factors for coronary artery disease and frequently associated with multivessels disease and poor clinical outcomes. Long term outcome of successful revascularization of chronic total occlusions (CTO) in diabetes patients remains controversial.
Methods and results
From January 2005 to December 2015, 739 patients who underwent revascularization for CTO in Taipei Veterans General Hospital were included in this study, of which 313 (42%) patients were diabetes patients. Overall successful rate of revascularization was 619 (84%) patients whereas that in diabetics and non-diabetics were 265 (84%) and 354 (83%) respectively. Median follow up was 1095 days (median: 5 years, interquartile range: 1–10 years). During 3 years follow-up period, 59 (10%) in successful group and 18 (15%) patients in failure group died. Although successful revascularization of CTO was non-significantly associated with better outcome in total cohort (Hazard ratio (HR):0.593, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.349–0.008, P:0.054), it might be associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.307, 95% CI: 0.156–0.604, P: 0.001) and CV mortality (HR: 0.266, 95% CI: 0.095–0.748, P: 0.012) in diabetics (P: 0.512). In contrast, successful CTO revascularization didn’t improve outcomes in non-diabetics (all p > 0.05). In multivariate cox regression analysis, successful CTO revascularization remained an independent predictor for 3-years survival in diabetic subgroup (HR: 0.289, 95% CI: 0.125–0.667, P: 0.004). The multivariate analysis result was similar after propensity score matching (all-cause mortality, HR: 0.348, 95% CI: 0.142–0.851, P: 0.021).
Conclusion
Successful CTO revascularization was associated with reduced long term all-cause/cardiovascular mortality in diabetics but not in non-diabetic population.
Simulation-based Mastery Improved Nursing Skills in Bsc Nursing Students: A Quasi-experimental Study
Authors: Mehdipour-rabori Roghaye , Bagheryan Behnaz , nematollahi monirsadat 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background:Clinical education is an essential part of nursing education. Selected clinical teaching methods influence it. Simulation-based mastery learning has been used to improve clinical skills among nursing students and may provide a novel way to enhance nursing skills.The object of this study was to assessthe effect of the simulation-based mastery learning on the clinicalskills of undergraduate nursing students from 2017 till 2019.Methods:This study was a quasi-experimental study withtwo groups (the control and intervention).After receiving written consent, one 117 studentsselected random convenience sampling. The intervention group participated in a simulation-based mastery learning intervention, and the control group received no intervention except for traditional training.The students of both groups completed the demographic information questionnaire and the checklist before and after the intervention. The results were analyzed by SPSS version 21 using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results:The results showed that there were no significant differences between the two groups before the intervention (p> o.o5). Also, that students’ performance in the intervention group and control group improved significantly at the post-test compared to baseline(p<0.05), implying that the simulation-based mastery model of the intervention group significantly more effective compared to that of the control.Conclusion: Thesefindings showed that mastery learning strategy improved the clinical skills ofundergraduatenursing students.The results suggest that other nursing and health profession’s programs can develop a successful mastery-based learning model.
Factors affecting adolescents’ participation in randomized controlled trials evaluating the effectiveness of healthcare interventions: the case of the STEPSTONES project
Authors: Saarijärvi Markus , Wallin Lars , Moons Philip , Gyllensten Hanna , Bratt Ewa-Lena 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Recruitment of adolescents to intervention studies is a known challenge. For randomized controlled trials (RCT) to be generalizable, reach must be assessed, which means ascertaining how many of the intended population actually participated in the trial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reach and representativeness of an RCT evaluating the effectiveness of a complex intervention for adolescents with chronic conditions.
Methods
A mixed methods sequential explanatory design was employed. Firstly, quantitative cross-sectional data from the RCT, patient registries and medical records were collected and analysed regarding baseline differences between participants and non-participants in the trial. Secondly, qualitative data on their reasons for participating or not were collected and analysed with content analysis to explain the quantitative findings.
Results
Participants showed larger differences in effect sizes and a significantly more complex chronic condition than non-participants. No other statistically significant differences were reported, and effect sizes were negligible. Reasons for declining or accepting participation were categorized into three main categories: altruistic reasons, personal reasons and external reasons and factors.
Conclusions
Integration of quantitative and qualitative findings showed that participation in the RCT was affected by disease complexity, the perceived need to give back to healthcare and research and the adolescents’ willingness to engage in their illness. To empower adolescents with chronic conditions and motivate them to participate in research, future intervention studies should consider developing tailored recruitment strategies and communications with sub-groups that are harder to reach.
Phyllostachys edulis (moso bamboo) ages significantly affect soil nitrogen transformation and endophytic microbes but niche differentiations outweigh ages in shaping microbial communities of moso bamboo-soil system
Authors: ZHANG MANYUN , Wang Weijin , Bai Shahla Hosseini , Xu Zhihong , Yun Zhe , Zhang Wenyuan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Phyllostachys edulis (moso bamboo) is a key source of non-wood forest products. Clarifying the linkage among bamboo growth, soil nutrient and core microbe can expand the horizon on nutrient management practices and functional endophytic and rhizospheric microbes.Results: In this study, young (0.5-yr), mature (2.5-yr and 4.5-yr) and old (6.5-yr) bamboo plants were selected in a moso bamboo field, and above-ground tissues, below-ground roots (rhizomes) and rhizospheric soils were sampled. The bamboo biomass, soil properties and endophytic microbes were determined and quantify their comprehensive relationships. Bamboo ages had negligible impacts on the bamboo height, diameter at breast height and above-ground biomass. Organic matter and nitrogen (N) contents in the rhizospheric soil of the 0.5-yr bamboo were significantly higher than those of the other three age groups. The rhizospheric soil of the 6.5-yr bamboo had the lowest N mineralization rate and urease activity. Significant differences in bacterial and fungal communities were found in the above-ground tissues but not in the rhizospheric soils associated with plants of different ages. Bacterial and fungal community structures in the above-ground tissues were significantly different from their counterparts in the rhizospheric soils. Conclusions: Bamboo ages significantly affected N transformation rates, functional gene abundances and urease activities of rhizospheric soils and endophytic bacterial community structures. However, niche differentiations outweighed ages in shaping the whole microbial communities of bamboo aboveground tissues, roots and rhizospheric soils. In the future, moso bamboo management should consider balanced applications of ammonium-N and other nutrients and utilisations of Chytridiomycota to stimulate moso bamboo growth.
Development and Validation of a Screening Instrument for Borderline Personality Disorder (SI-Bord) for Use Among University Students
Authors: Lohanan Trustsavin , Leesawat Thanakorn , Wongpakaran Tinakon , Wongpakaran Nahathai , Karawekpanyawong Nuntaporn , Oon-Arom Awirut , Kuntawong Pimolpun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The screening instrument for borderline personality disorder (SI-Bord) consists of a 5-item self-reported questionnaire on the key features of BPD from the DSM-5 using a 5-point Likert scale. This study investigated its validity and reliability in screening for BPD in university students.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of university students in Thailand between November and December 2019. An online assessment gathered demographic data and results from the SI-Bord, the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Participants whose SI-Bord scores were ≥ 1 were randomly selected to be interviewed and assessed for a BPD diagnosis by four psychiatrists using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II) as a reference point. An intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.925 (95% CI, 0.805–0.979) ensured inter-rater reliability between the four psychiatrists. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the SI-Bord, as compared to that of the SCID-II, were determined to indicate the cut-off score. The Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) was analyzed to evaluate its diagnostic accuracy.Results: The study included 342 students aged 18–25 years (the mean age was 20.25 ± 1.4 years), 80.4% of whom were female. Among the 68 participants selected for an online interview, 16 were diagnosed with BPD. The cut-off score of the SI-Bord was > 9, as suggested by the Youden index, yielding a sensitivity of 56.3% and a specificity of 92.3%. It had a positive predictive value of 69.2% and negative predictive value of 87.3%. The SI-Bord had adequate discriminative power between cases and non-cases of BPD, with the area under the ROC curve being 0.83. Cronbach’s alpha for the SI-Bord was 0.76, indicating acceptable internal consistency. The SI-Bord score was positively correlated to PHQ-9 and PSS-10 scores (r = 0.67 and r = 0.69, p < 0.001, respectively) and negatively correlated to MSPSS (r = − 0.50, p < 0.001). The prevalence of BPD in the sample was 6.4%, according to the cut-off score > 9.Conclusion: The SI-Bord demonstrated good reliability and validity for screening BPD in university students.
Enzyme additives influence bacterial communities of Medicago sativa silage as determined by Illumina sequencing
Authors: Hu Zongfu , Ma Deying , Niu huaxin , Chang Jie , Yu Jianhua , Tong Qing , Li Shuguo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of enzymes (cellulase combined with galactosidase),, and the combination of these enzymes with Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) on bacterial diversity using high-throughput sequencing. Alfalfa forages were treated without or with cellulase + ɑ-galactosidase (CEGA), cellulase + LP (CELP), ɑ-galactosidase + LP (GALP). After 56 days of ensiling, All the treated silages exhibited improved fermentation quality as reflecting by decreased pH, ammonium-N and increased lactic acid levels compared to the control silage. Enzymatic treatment improved nutrients value by increased the level of crude protein and decreased the neutral detergent fibre (NDF) level. Treatment of the silage significantly changed the bacterial community, as determined by the PCoA test. LAB dominated the bacterial community of the treated silage after ensiling. The dominant bacteria from Garciella, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus and Pediococcus in control silage changed to Lactobacillus and Pediococcus in CEGA silage, and Lactobacillus in CELP and GALP silages. Collectively, enzymes and enzyme in combination with inoculants both greatly increased the abundance of LAB, with Enterococcus, Lactobacillus and Pediococcus in enzymes only silge (CEGA) and Lactobacillus in enzyme combination with inoculants silage (CELP and GALP).
Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion After Reduction Using the Percutaneous Pedicle Screw System in the Lateral Position for Meyerding Grade II Spondylolisthesis: A Preliminary Report of a New Lumbar Reconstruction Strategy
Authors: Takami Masanari , Taiji Ryo , Okada Motohiro , Minamide Akihito , Hashizume Hiroshi , Yamada Hiroshi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background:Utilization of a cage with a large footprint in lateral lumbar interbody fusion(LLIF) for the treatment of spondylolisthesisleads to a high fusion rate and neurological improvement owing to the indirect decompression effect and excellent alignment correction. However, if an interbody space is too narrow for insertion of an LLIF cage for cases of spondylolisthesis of Meyerding grade II or higher, LLIF cannot be used. Therefore, we developed a novel strategy, LLIF after reduction by the percutaneous pedicle screw (PPS) insertion system in the lateral position (LIFARL), for surgeons to perform accurate and safe LLIF with PPS in patients with such pathology. This study aimed to introduce the new surgical strategy and to present preliminary clinical and radiological resultsof patients with spondylolisthesis of Meyerding grade II.Methods:Six consecutive patients (four men and two women; mean age, 72.7 years-old; mean follow-up period, 12.3 months) with L4 spondylolisthesis of Meyerding grade II were included. Regarding the surgical procedure, first, PPSs were inserted into the L4 and L5 vertebrae fluoroscopically, and both rodswere placed in the lateral position. The L5 set screws were fixed tightly, and the L4 side of the rod was floated. Second, the L4 vertebra was reduced by fastening the L4 set screws sothat they expanded the anteroposterior width of the interbody space.At that time, the L4 set screws were not fully tightened to the rods to prevent the endplate injury. Finally, the LLIF procedure was started. After inserting the cage, a compression force was added to the PPSs, and the L4 set screws were completely fastened. Results:The mean operative time was 183 min, and the mean blood loss was 90.8 mL. All cages were positioned properly. Visual analog scale score and Oswestry disability index improved postoperatively. Bone union was observed in all four patients who could be followed up for more than 12 months.Conclusion:For cases with difficulty in LLIF cage insertion for Meyerding grade II spondylolisthesis due tothe narrow anteroposterior width of interbody space, LIFARL is an option to achieve LLIF combined with posterior PPS accurately and safely.Trial registration:UMIN-Clinical Trials Registry, UMIN000040268,Registered 29 April 2020,https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000045938
All –arthroscopic Repair of Atzei Class II and III Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Tears Using the Fast-fix Suture Device
Authors: Tsai Mengchun , Lin Yi-Hsuan , Chiu Chih-Hao , Cheng Chun-Ying , Chan Yi-Sheng , Chen Alvin Chao-Yu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe study is aimed to propose an arthroscopic repair technique using a pre-tied suture device for peripheral TFCC tear with proximal component involvement.Methods Through a retrospective review in the medical records of patients who underwent unilateral arthroscopic repair for TFCC Palmer IB lesion between 2017 and 2019, 12 patients were arthroscopically diagnosed as proximal component tear and received more than one year follow-up postoperatively. The arthroscope was introduced from 6R portal to discriminate Atzei class II from III lesions by a “visualization test”, and to supervise the repair procedure using pre-tied FasT-Fix suture device from 3-4 portal. Two poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) blocks were further advanced along the device needle to finally seat outside the ulnar joint capsule, followed by gradually tightening the pre-tied suture loop until the TFCC periphery was securely repositioned and held stably. Results Operation time averaged 87 minutes. Four patients were diagnosed to be Atzei class II lesion as full thickness tear of distal component was arthroscopically identified from 6R portal while the other 8 exhibited partial thickness tear and were categorized as class III lesion. Follow-up averaged 15 months with a range of 12 to 24 months. Myao modified wrist score improved from 61.3 preoperatively to 90.4 at the latest visit. Conclusion A novel technique for diagnosis and all-arthroscopic repair in TFCC Atzei class II and III lesions using a pre-tied suture device is a feasible and safe option with promising results.
Prediction of vaginal birth after cesarean delivery in southeast China: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Hua-Le , Zheng Liang-Hui , Cheng Li-Chun , Liu Zhao-Dong , Yu Lu , Han Qin , Miao Geng-Yun , Yan jianying 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective

To develop and validate a nomogram to better predict the vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) on the premise of clinical guide application.

Methods

We retrospectively identified hospitalised pregnant women who trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) between October 2015 and October 2017 using data from the Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital. The inclusion criteria were as follows: Singleton pregnant women whose gestational age was above 37 weeks and underwent a primary cesarean section. Sociodemographic data and Clinical Characteristics were extracted. The samples were randomly divided into a training set and a validation set. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression were used to select variables and construct of VBAC success rate in training set. The validation of the nomogram was performed using the concordance index (C-index), decision curve analysis (DCA), and calibration curves in the validation set. For comparison with published VBAC prediction models, the Grobman’s model was used.

Results

Among the 708 pregnant women included according to inclusion criteria, 586 (82.77%) patients were successfully for VBAC. In multivariate logistic regression models, Maternal height (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.19), maternal BMI at delivery (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.00), fundal height (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.88), cervix Bishop score (OR, 3.27; 95% CI, 2.49 to 4.45), maternal age at delivery (OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82 to 0.98), gestational age (OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.62) and history of vaginal delivery (OR, 2.92; 95% CI, 1.42 to 6.48) were independently associated with successful VBAC. The predictive model was constructed showed better discrimination in the validation series than Grobman’s model (c-index 0.906 VS 0.694, respectively). Decision curve analysis revealed that the new model resulted in a better clinical net benefit than the Grobman’s model.

Conclusions

The promotion of VBAC is helpful to reduce the cesarean section rate in China. On the basis of following the clinical practice guidelines, the TOLAC prediction model helps to improve the success rate of VBAC and has a potential contribution to the reduction of secondary cesarean section.