bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen's influence on stockpiling of ‘Jesup’ tall fescue cultivars with diverse fungal endophyte presence
Authors: Lemus Rocky , Walker Dennis 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort.] is used in the southern United States to extend the cow–calf grazing season during autumn and winter by stockpiling. However, livestock producers are reluctant to graze tall fescue because of the toxicity associated with the presence of an endophyte within the grass plant. In this study, the effects of the amount of N fertilizer rate (0, 50, and 100 acre–1), the N source (ammonium nitrate and urea), and the date of N application (September and October) were evaluated for the herbage accumulation (HA) and nutritive value on stockpiled tall fescue. The study was conducted in the autumn of 2007–2009 with six experimental ‘Jesup’ tall fescue cultivars with different endophytic fungal strains: endophyte‐infected wild‐type, endophyte‐free, and infected with the novel endophytes (NE) AR502, AR514, AR542, and AR584. Greater HA was observed with the September N application. Ammonium nitrate was more efficient at increasing HA than urea at both N application rates. Herbage accumulation increased by 56 and 98% at 50 and 100 lb N acre–1 compared with the control. The nutritive value of the stockpiled tall fescue declined as the winter season advanced, despite the source, rate, and timing of fertilizer application. Although the study reported a reduction in nutritive value from November to January, the nutritive value concentrations and estimations are considered optimum for livestock production.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Synthesis of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroquinolines through Formal [4+2] Cycloaddition of Acyclic α,β‐Unsaturated Amides and Imides with N,N‐Dialkylanilines
Authors: Itoh Kennosuke , Nagao Shun‐ichi , Tokunaga Ken , Hirayama Shigeto , Karaki Fumika , Mizuguchi Takaaki , Nagai Kenichiro , Sato Noriko , Suzuki Mitsuaki , Hashimoto Masashi , Fujii Hideaki 
Published: December 2020

Abstract1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroquinolines should be applicable to the development of new pharmaceutical agents. A facile synthesis of 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinolines that is achieved by a photoinduced formal [4+2] cycloaddition reaction of acyclic α,β‐unsaturated amides and imides with N,N‐dialkylanilines under visible‐light irradiation, in which a new IrIII complex photosensitizer, a thiourea, and an oxidant act cooperatively in promoting the reaction, is reported. The photoreaction enables the synthesis of a wide variety of 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinolines, while controlling the trans/cis diastereoselectivity (>99:1) and constructing contiguous stereogenic centers. A chemoselective cleavage of an acyclic imide auxiliary is demonstrated.
An Antimony(III) Fluoride Oxalate with Large Birefringence
Authors: Chen Yangxin , Chen Zhangxian , Zhou Yang , Li Yanqiang , Liu Youchao , Ding Qingran , Chen Xin , Zhao Sangen , Luo Junhua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBirefringent materials play a key role in modulating the polarization of light and thus in optical communication as well as in laser techniques and science. Designing new, excellent birefringent materials remains a challenge. In this work, we designed and synthesized the first antimony(III) fluoride oxalate birefringent material, KSb2C2O4F5, by a combination of delocalized π‐conjugated [C2O4]2− groups, stereochemical active Sb3+ cations, and the most electronegative element, fluorine. The [C2O4]2− groups are not in an optimal arrangement in the crystal structure of KSb2C2O4F5; nonetheless, KSb2C2O4F5 exhibits a large birefringence (Δn=0.170 at 546 nm) that is even better than that of the well‐known commercial birefringent material α‐BaB2O4, even though the latter features an optimal arrangement of π‐conjugated [B3O6]3− groups. Based on first‐principles calculations, this prominent birefringence should be attributed to the alliance of planar π‐conjugated [C2O4]2− anions, highly distorted SbO2F2 and SbOF3 polyhedra with a stereochemically active lone pair. The combination of lone‐pair electrons and π‐conjugated systems boosts the birefringence to a large extent and will help the development of high‐performance birefringent materials.
Mechanical Modulation of the Solid‐State Luminescence of Tricarbonyl Rhenium(I) Complexes through the Interplay between Two Triplet Excited States
Authors: Calupitan Jan Patrick , Poirot Alexandre , Wang Jinhui , Delavaux‐Nicot Béatrice , Wolff Mariusz , Jaworska Maria , Métivier Rémi , Benoist Eric , Allain Clémence , Fery‐Forgues Suzanne 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMechanoresponsive luminescence (MRL) materials promise smart devices for sensing, optoelectronics and security. We present here the first report on the MRL activity of two ReI complexes, opening up new opportunities for applications in these fields. Both complexes exhibit marked solid‐state luminescence enhancement (SLE). Furthermore, the pristine microcrystalline powders emit in the yellow‐green region, and grinding led to an amorphous phase with concomitant emission redshift and shrinking of the photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields and lifetimes. Quantum chemical calculations revealed the existence of two low‐lying triplet excited states with very similar energy levels, that is, 3IL and 3MLCT, having, respectively, almost pure intraligand (IL) and metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer (MLCT) character. Transition between these states could be promoted by rotation around the pyridyltriazole−phenylbenzoxazole bond. In the microcrystals, in which rotations are hindered, the 3IL state induces the prominent PL emission at short wavelengths. Upon grinding, rotation is facilitated and the transition to the 3MLCT state results in a larger proportion of long‐wavelength PL. FTIR and variable‐temperature PL spectroscopy showed that the opening of the vibrational modes favours non‐radiative deactivation of the triplet states in the amorphous phase. In solution, PL only arises from the 3MLCT state. The same mechanism accounts for the spectroscopic differences observed when passing from crystals to amorphous powders, and then to solutions, thereby clarifying the link between SLE and MRL for these complexes.
Photocatalyzed Transition‐Metal‐Free Oxidative Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Tetraorganoborates**
Authors: Music Arif , Baumann Andreas N. , Boser Florian , Müller Nicolas , Matz Florian , Jagau Thomas C. , Didier Dorian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractReadily accessible tetraorganoborate salts undergo selective coupling reactions under blue light irradiation in the presence of catalytic amounts of transition‐metal‐free acridinium photocatalysts to furnish unsymmetrical biaryls, heterobiaryls and arylated olefins. This represents an interesting conceptual approach to forge C−C bonds between aryl, heteroaryl and alkenyl groups under smooth photochemical conditions. Computational studies were conducted to investigate the mechanism of the transformation.
Ionic Liquids as Surfactants in Aqueous Multiphase Systems for the Pd‐Catalyzed Hydrocarboxylation
Authors: Weber Ariane , Isbrücker Philipp , Schmidt Marcel , Schomäcker Reinhard 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe suitability of ionic liquids (alkylmethylimidazolium bromides) as surfactants in an aqueous multiphase system for the Pd‐catalyzed hydrocarboxylation of 1‐dodecene is discussed. Attention is paid to the influence of these ionic liquids on the reaction performance and the phase separation. All tested ionic liquids are suitable as surfactants, but their concentration has a strong impact on the reaction performance. The resulting product concentrations are crucial for the phase behavior and so for the phase separation. In recycling experiments, the Pd‐catalyst is successfully separated and reused.
Conditional survival among patients with oropharyngeal cancer treated with radiation therapy and alive without recurrence 5 years after diagnosis
Authors: Dahlstrom Kristina R. , Song Juhee , Thall Peter F. , Fuller Clifton D. , Hutcheson Katherine A. , Johnson Faye M. , Gunn G. Brandon , Phan Jack , Frank Steven J. , Morrison William H. , Ferrarotto Renata , Rosenthal David I. , Sturgis Erich M. , Garden Adam S. 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundRisk of recurrence among patients with oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) who survive 5 years is low. The goal of this study was to assess long‐term survival of patients with OPC alive without recurrence 5 years after diagnosis.MethodsThis study included newly diagnosed patients with OPC, who had been treated with radiation and were alive without recurrence 5 years after diagnosis. Overall survival (OS) probabilities beyond 5 years were estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier method. Factors associated with OS were determined using Bayesian piecewise exponential survival regression. Standardized mortality ratios for all‐cause death were estimated controlling for study year, age, and sex in the US general population.ResultsAmong 1699 patients, the additional 2‐year, 5‐year, and 10‐year OS probabilities were 94%, 83%, and 63%, respectively, and were lower than those in the general population. Patients who were older, were current or former smokers, had other than tonsil or base of tongue tumors, or had T4 tumors had a higher risk of death. Patients who had base of tongue tumors and had received intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) or lower‐radiation doses had a lower risk of death. Standardized mortality ratios were higher among current and heavy smokers and lower among recipients of IMRT and lower radiation doses.ConclusionsIn this large cohort, long‐term survival among patients with OPC was good but lower than predicted for the general population. Patients treated with IMRT and those with less tobacco exposure had better outcomes.
Comparison of a standard computer‐assisted cognitive training program to a music enhanced program: A mixed methods study
Authors: Smith Theresa M. , Wang Wanyi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundBetween 17 and 75% of breast cancer survivors (BCS) experience long‐term cognitive deficits such as deficits in memory, attention, processing speed, and executive function.AimsThis study aimed to (a) compare effects of a standard computer‐assisted cognitive training (CACT) program to a CACT program enhanced with music (CACT+A) to improve focus and concentration on BCS' memory, cognition, quality of life (QOL), and participation in everyday activities; and (b) garner participants' perspectives of effects of the programs to determine best practice.MethodsAn embedded design was employed in this mixed methods study. Participants who reported cognitive problems were recruited through breast cancer support groups. Four pre and post‐tests were used followed by a qualitative interview.ResultsTwenty‐five BCS, ages 31 to 72 years participated. The CACT group demonstrated significantly improved pre to post‐test scores for working memory, QOL, and three subscales of the Model of Human Occupation Screening Tool (MOHOST) measuring participation in everyday activities. The CACT+A group had significant improvement for four FACT‐Cog cognitive function subscales and the total score. Five themes emerged from the interview: Cognitive skill, Strategy learned, No change, QOL factors, and Participation in everyday activities. The CACT+A group expressed experiencing a larger ratio of improvements, most notably for memory and QOL factors.ConclusionCACT+A is an auspicious intervention option for BCS who self‐report cognitive issues. It is convenient to participate in at home and allows BCS to safely self‐isolate if need be.This study is a registered clinical trial protocol: TexasWU record 19 959.
A Small Dye Puzzle: π‐Conjugation of Perylenes with External Aromatic Compounds via Imidazo‐Quinoxaline Bridges
Authors: Dobeneck Michaela , Kaur Ramandeep , Platzer Benedikt , Guldi Dirk M. , Hirsch Andreas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the Chair of Organic Chemistry II at Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐Nürnberg (Germany). The image shows three puzzle pieces representing the three building blocks for a facile stepwise synthetic pathway towards a library of unprecedented perylene chromophores with linearly elongated π systems. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/cptc.2020000243.
Individual consumer movement mediates food web coupling across a coastal ecosystem
Authors: Rezek Ryan J. , Massie Jordan A. , Nelson James A. , Santos Rolando O. , Viadero Natasha M. , Boucek Ross E. , Rehage Jennifer S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe movement and foraging patterns of consumers are a major driver of nutrient and energy distribution in ecosystems. However, relatively little is known about how intraspecific variation in consumer movement behavior might affect food web coupling and ecosystem processes across landscapes and seascapes. Here we use long‐term acoustic telemetry and stable isotope niche metrics to understand how differences in predatory fish movement patterns control food web coupling and resource subsidies across the Florida Coastal Everglades (USA). We found common snook (Centropomus undecimalis) that spent most of their time in freshwater riverine areas of the Shark River Estuary primarily foraged on prey subsidies originating from adjacent marsh habitats, serving as an important vector of nutrient subsidies to downstream habitats. Snook that spent the majority of their time in downstream estuarine habitats displayed a diversity of resource usage across wide spatial scales, occupied a much larger trophic niche, and serve as a multidirectional vector of trophic coupling among marine, estuarine, and freshwater riverine habitats. These results demonstrate how individual variations in predator movement behavior can mediate the direction and scale of food web subsidies across coastal seascapes.
Longitudinal changes in risk status in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Bouzina Habib , Rådegran Göran , Butler Oisin , Hesselstrand Roger , Hjalmarsson Clara , Holl Katsiaryna , Jansson Kjell , Klok Rogier , Söderberg Stefan , Kjellström Barbro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsLow‐risk status in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) predicts better survival. The present study aimed to describe changes in risk status and treatment approaches over multiple clinical assessments in PAH, taking age and comorbidity burden into consideration.Methods and resultsThe study included incident patients from the Swedish PAH registry, diagnosed with PAH in 2008–2019. Group A (n = 340) were ≤75 years old with <3 comorbidities. Group B (n = 163) were >75 years old with ≥3 comorbidities. Assessments occurred at baseline, first‐year (Y1) and third‐year (Y3) follow‐ups. The study used an explorative and descriptive approach. Group A: median age was 65 years, 70% were female, and 46% had no comorbidities at baseline. Baseline risk assessment yielded low (23%), intermediate (66%), and high risk (11%). Among patients at low, intermediate, or high risk at baseline, 51%, 18%, and 13%, respectively, were at low risk at Y3. At baseline, monotherapy was the most common therapy among low (68%) and intermediate groups (60%), while dual therapy was the most common among high risk (69%). In patients assessed as low, intermediate, or high risk at Y1, 66%, 12%, and 0% were at low risk at Y3, respectively. Of patients at intermediate or high risk at Y1, 35% received monotherapy and 13% received triple therapy. In low‐risk patients at Y1, monotherapy (40%) and dual therapy (43%) were evenly distributed. Group B: median age was 77 years, 50% were female, and 44% had ≥3 comorbidities at baseline. At baseline, 8% were at low, 80% at intermediate, and 12% at high risk. Monotherapy was the most common therapy (62%) in Group B at baseline. Few patients maintained or reached low risk at follow‐ups.ConclusionsMost patients with PAH did not meet low‐risk criteria during the 3 year follow‐up. The first year from diagnosis seems important in defining the longitudinal risk status.
Predicting maximal oxygen uptake from the 6 min walk test in patients with heart failure
Authors: Deka Pallav , Pozehl Bunny J. , Pathak Dola , Williams Mark , Norman Joseph F. , Alonso Windy W. , Jaarsma Tiny 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsA cardiopulmonary exercise (CPX) test is considered the gold standard in evaluating maximal oxygen uptake. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive validity of equations provided by Burr et al., Ross et al., Adedoyin et al., and Cahalin et al. in predicting peak VO2 from 6 min walk test (6MWT) distance in patients with heart failure (HF).Methods and ResultsNew York Heart Association Class I–III HF patients performed a maximal effort CPX test and two 6MWTs. Correlations between CPX VO2 peak and the predicted VO2 peak, coefficient of determination (R2), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) scores were calculated. P‐values were set at 0.05. A total of 106 participants aged 62.5 ± 11.5 years completed the tests. The mean VO2 peak from CPX testing was 16.4 ± 3.9 mL/kg/min, and the mean 6MWT distance was 419.2 ± 93.0 m. The predicted mean VO2 peak (mL/kg/min) by Burr et al., Ross et al., Adedoyin et al., and Cahalin et al. was 22.8 ± 8.8, 14.6 ± 2.1, 8.30 ± 1.4, and 16.6 ± 2.8. A significant correlation was observed between the CPX test VO2 peak and predicted values. The mean difference (0.1 mL/kg/min), R2 (0.97), and MAPE (0.14) values suggest that the Cahalin et al. equation provided the best predictive validity.ConclusionsThe equation provided by Cahalin et al. is simple and has a strong predictive validity, and researchers may use the equation to predict mean VO2 peak in patients with HF. Based on our observation, equations to predict individual maximal oxygen uptake should be used cautiously.
Cross talk between human regulatory T cells and antigen‐presenting cells: Lessons for clinical applications
Authors: Wardell Christine M , MacDonald Katherine N , Levings Megan K , Cook Laura 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRegulatory T cells (Tregs) have a critical role in maintaining self‐tolerance and immune homeostasis. There is much interest in using Tregs as a cell therapy to re‐establish tolerance in conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease and type 1 diabetes, with many ongoing clinical studies testing the safety and efficacy of this approach. Manufacturing of Tregs for therapy typically involves ex vivo expansion to obtain sufficient cell numbers for infusion and comes with the risk of altering the activity of key biological processes. However, this process also offers an opportunity to tailor Treg function to maximize in vivo activity. In this review, we focus on the roles of antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) in the generation and function of Tregs in humans. In addition to stimulating the development of Tregs, APCs activate Tregs and provide signals that induce specialized functional and homing marker expression. Cross talk between Tregs and APCs is a critical, often under‐appreciated, aspect of Treg biology, with APCs mediating the key properties of infectious tolerance and bystander suppression. Understanding the biology of human Treg‐APC interactions will reveal new ways to optimize Treg‐based therapeutic approaches.
Graphene and graphene‐like structure from biomass for Electrochemical Energy Storage application‐ A Review
Authors: Poorna AR. , Saravanathamizhan R. , Balasubramanian N. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGraphene, an SP2 hybridized 2‐D atomic crystal, has been one of the most significant materials of the current century. Researchers in the recent years find graphene to be highly appealing for its superlative electrochemical energy storage applications and some of its unique features such as fractional quantum hall effect which is even exhibited in normal temperatures such as room temperature, ballistic conduction of charge carriers along with the exhibition of ambipolar electric field effect and modifiable bandgap. Enhanced electrochemical performances have been achieved by coalescing graphene with other electrochemical materials. This review focuses on various bio‐precursors involved in the synthesis of graphene and its diverse production methods along with their merits and demerits. It also summarizes the ensuing features and macro‐structural complexity of the graphene‐derived structural composites as well as its applications as competent electrode material in energy storage devices. It specifically endeavors in providing a comprehensible idea on the availability of a variety of biomass sources and its synthesis techniques for a better and optimized mass production of graphene with uncompromising purity as well as the perspectives of the graphene‐based composites that pave path for its improved application in advanced storage devices. This review article casts light upon the enormous opportunities of graphene production with easy synthesizing techniques that could aid in the fabrication of high performance of supercapacitors.
Computing viscous flow along a 2D open channel using the immersed interface method
Authors: Patterson Sarah E. , Layton Anita T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe present a numerical method for simulating 2D flow through a channel with deformable walls. The fluid is assumed to be incompressible and viscous. We consider the highly viscous regime, where fluid dynamics are described by the Stokes equations, and the less viscous regime described by the Navier–Stokes equations. The model is formulated as an immersed boundary problem, with the channel defined by compliant walls that are immersed in a larger computational fluid domain. The channel traverses through the computational domain, and the walls do not form a closed region. When the walls deviate from their equilibrium position, they exert singular forces on the underlying fluid. We compute the numerical solution to the model equations using the immersed interface method, which preserves sharp jumps in the solution and its derivatives. The immersed interface method typically requires a closed immersed interface, a condition that is not met by the present configuration. Thus, a contribution of the present work is the extension of the immersed interface method to immersed boundary problems with open interfaces. Numerical results indicate that this new method converges with second‐order accuracy in both space and time, and can sharply capture discontinuities in the fluid solution.