bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Схожість, збережуваність і стан сіянців сосни звичайної (Pinus sylvestris L.), вирощених у контейнерах
Authors: Лялін О. І. , Тарнопільська О. М. , Ткач Л. І. , Мусієнко С. І. , Бондаренко В. В. 
Published: June 2020

На базі двох підприємств Харківського обласного управління лісового та мисливського господарства Державного агентства лісових ресурсів України, а саме ДП "Чугуєво-Бабчанське ЛГ" та "Вовчанське ЛГ" в умовах Лівобережного Лісостепу України визначено ґрунтову схожість сіянців сосни звичайної у контейнерах із різним складом субстрату. Досліджено та узагальнено значення збереженості та життєвого стану сіянців з урахуванням впливу складу субстрату коренезакриваючої грудки контейнера. Дослідним шляхом проаналізовано вісім варіантів субстратів: чотири двокомпонентних торфовмісних та чотири трикомпонентних тирсо-перегноєвмісних. Встановлено комплексну перевагу над контролем за названими вище біометричними показниками варіантів із використанням торфу з базовим ґрунтом в субстраті Тф : Ґ – 1 : 1 та найбільшою мірою варіанта з використанням ґрунту, перегною й тирси у пропорціях частин 6 : 3 : 1. Результати досліджень із визначення оптимального складу субстрату для вирощування сіянців сосни звичайної із закритою кореневою системою підтвердили високі показники схожості, отримані у варіантах з використанням трикомпонентних сумішей перегною, тирси та темно-сірого опідзоленого середньо суглинкового лісового ґрунту на лесах. Серед випробуваних субстратів при об'ємі контейнера 500 см3 за комплексом переваг за досліджуваними показниками схожості, збережуваності та стану торфовмісний варіант із рівними частинами темно-сірого лісового середньо суглинкового опідзоленого ґрунту та торфу (Тф : Ґ – 1 : 1) та варіант трикомпонентної суміші Ґ : П : Т – 6 : 3 : 1 є найбільш збалансованими за основними ґрунтовими параметрами та найбільш оптимальними з досліджуваних для продуктивного росту сіянців сосни звичайної із закритою кореневою системою. Темно-сірі лісові опідзолені середньо суглинкові ґрунти на лесах за рівнем потенційної родючості є одними з найродючіших ґрунтів України. Їх формування відбувалося під достатньо розрідженими широколистяними лісами з добре розвиненим трав'яним покривом на важко глинистих карбонатних лесах. Поєднання таких факторів ґрунтоутворення, як наявність значної кількості високо зольного органічного опаду, а також материнської породи, насиченої кальцієм та глинистими частками, надає темно-сірим опідзоленим ґрунтам високої поживної здатності.
Науково-методичні підходи підтримання надійності підвіски автобусів засобами матеріального забезпечення
Authors: Глобчак М. В. , Мастикаш О. Л. , Борис М. М. 
Published: June 2020

Встановлено, що можливість виконання автомобілем перевізницьких функцій з урахуванням умов експлуатації, заданого інтервалу часу або пробігу характеризується безвідмовністю, як однією з властивостей надійності. Одним з показників цієї властивості є ймовірність безвідмовної роботи, що визначається за результатами попередньо проведених експериментальних спостережень за певними вузлами або системами автомобіля. Характерним випадком може бути відмова будь-якого елемента автомобіля, що призведе до виходу з ладу всього об'єкта. Прикладом можуть бути: привод автомобіля, гальмівна система, підвіска тощо. Відмови таких елементів можна розрахувати з використанням одного із законів розподілу ймовірностей – розподілу Пуассона, що використовують до елементів (систем) з великим числом можливих подій, кожна із яких рідко трапляється. Цей розподіл у практиці експлуатації можна застосувати для встановлення таких взаємозв'язків: кількість відмов для групи одночасно працюючих автомобілів за даний проміжок часу (або напрацювання), кількість дорожньо-транспортних пригод, кількість автомобілів, які надходять в зону обслуговування (ремонту) за одиницю часу, кількість запасних частин, що отримують зі складу тощо. Ймовірність пуассонівського розподілу використано у розрахунках відмов підвісок автомобілів. З'ясовано, що пневматичні підвіски сучасних великих автобусів є складними багатовузловими технічними системами, у яких можуть виникати відмови різних видів у процесі роботи. Надійна робота підвіски значною мірою залежить від багатьох чинників, що мають складний і багатопрофільний характер. Наявність даних про відмови у підвісці дає змогу здійснити їх систематизацію, встановити причини і розробити заходи щодо їх усунення, до прикладу, коригуванням термінів виконання профілактичних робіт. Ще одним вирішенням проблеми підтримання надійності підвіски автобусів є розроблення методики (закону) матеріально-технічного постачання. Вона передбачає виділення в окрему групу постійно замінюваних конструктивних елементів, кількість запасу яких потребує використання інформації про інтенсивності потоків відмов та їх поєднання з розрахунками. Одним із способів керування надійністю підвіски пропонуємо використання розробленої методики, яка дасть змогу мінімізувати їх кількість.
Girişimcilik Faaliyetlerinde Endüstri 4.0 Ve Esnek İşletme Etkileşimi: Ballıpınar Çiftliği
Authors: Tekin Mahmut , Soba Mustafa , Ilter Berfu 
Published: June 2020

Çevrelerine uyum sağlamada başarılı görülen girişimlerin en önemli özelliklerinin; uygulamada tercih etmiş oldukları esnek işletme anlayışı olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Yine bu sayede girişimlerin, ekonomik yaşamda uzun süre varlıklarını koruyabildikleri de ifade edilebilir. Esneklik mucize bir anahtar gibi, girişimlerin konumunu güçlendiren, rakipleri arasında güçlü kılan, yenilikler yoluyla gelişmesine ve büyümesine katkı sağlayan bir detay olarak görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda Endüstri 4.0 olarak adlandırılan 4. Endüstri Devrimi ile esnek işletme modeli etkileşiminin artıları ve eksileri gündeme gelmektedir.
Çalışmanın amacı, girişimcilerin girişimlerinde önemli bir avantaj sağlayan esnek işletme modeli ile Endüstri 4.0 etkileşiminin sonuçlarını değerlendirerek konu üzerinde farkındalık oluşturabilmektir. Bu kapsamda nitel bir çalışma yapılarak, esnek bir girişim olan “Ballıpınar Çiftliği”nin Endüstri 4.0’a bakış açısı üzerine görüşleri incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak girişimcilerin; girişimlerinin gündeme gelebilecek olan endüstri devrimlerine ve gelişen çevresel koşullara uyum sağlamalarında; yapılanmalarındaki esnek işletme uygulamalarının etkili olabildiği kanaatine ulaşılması mümkün görülmektedir.
Modeling test learning and dual-task dissociations
Authors: Johansson Tobias 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMuch of cognitive psychology is premised on the distinction between automatic and intentional processes, but the distinction often remains vague in practice and alternative explanations are often not followed through. For example, Hendricks, Conway and Kellogg (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 39, 491–1500, 2013) found that dual tasks at training versus at test dissociated performance in two different artificial grammar learning tasks. This was taken as evidence for underlying automatic and intentional processes. In this article, a different explanation is considered based on test learning and similarity, where participants are assumed to update their knowledge at test. Contrasting formal memory models of test learning are implemented, and it is concluded that the models account for the relevant dissociations without assuming a distinction between automatic and intentional processes.
The Radial Acceleration Relation in CLASH Galaxy Clusters
Authors: Tian Yong , Umetsu Keiichi , Ko Chung-Ming , Donahue Megan , Chiu I-Non 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The radial acceleration relation (RAR) in galaxies describes a tight empirical scaling law between the total acceleration

observed in galaxies and that expected from their baryonic mass

, with a characteristic acceleration scale of

m s−2. Here, we examine if such a correlation exists in galaxy clusters using weak-lensing, strong-lensing, and X-ray data sets available for 20 high-mass clusters targeted by the Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH). By combining our CLASH data with stellar mass estimates for the brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) and accounting for the stellar baryonic component in clusters, we determine, for the first time, an RAR on BCG–cluster scales. The resulting RAR is well described by a tight power-law relation,

, with lognormal intrinsic scatter of

. The slope is consistent with the low acceleration limit of the RAR in galaxies,

, whereas the intercept implies a much higher acceleration scale of

m s−2, indicating that there is no universal RAR that holds on all scales from galaxies to clusters. We find that the observed RAR in CLASH clusters is consistent with predictions from a semianalytical model developed in the standard ΛCDM framework. Our results also predict the presence of a baryonic Faber–Jackson relation (

) on cluster scales.
Keck/HIRES Spectroscopic Analysis of Barium Abundances
Authors: Liu Shuai , Shi Jianrong , Wu Zhenyu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Based on the high-resolution, high signal-to-noise-ratio spectra from the Keck/HIRES, we have analyzed the barium abundances of 602 stars. The parameter space of our sample are in the range of 4700 <

< 6100 K, −0.1 < [Fe/H] < 0.6 dex, and 2 < log g < 5 dex. It is found that the nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) effects are large for barium, and the barium abundances can be underestimated by up to 0.2 dex compared to the the local thermodynamic equilibrium analysis for lines at 5853 and 6141 Å. In addition, the average barium abundances of the high- and low-α stars are −0.10 and 0.00 dex, respectively, and higher [Ba/Fe] corresponds to a lower [Mg/Fe] ratio. We note that there are 18 Ba-rich stars (with [Ba/Fe] > 0.3 in NLTE), which contains six dwarfs and 12 giants. The Ba-rich objects make up around 3% in our sample.
Star–Gas Surface Density Correlations in 12 Nearby Molecular Clouds. I. Data Collection and Star-sampled Analysis
Authors: Pokhrel Riwaj , Gutermuth Robert A. , Betti Sarah K. , Offner Stella S. R. , Myers Philip C. , Megeath S. Thomas , Sokol Alyssa D. , Ali Babar , Allen Lori , Allen Thomas S. , Dunham Michael M. , Fischer William J. , Henning Thomas , Heyer Mark , Hora Joseph L. , Pipher Judith L. , Tobin John J. , Wolk Scott J. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We explore the relation between the stellar mass surface density and the mass surface density of molecular hydrogen gas in 12 nearby molecular clouds that are located at <1.5 kpc distance. The sample clouds span an order-of-magnitude range in mass, size, and star formation rates. We use thermal dust emission from Herschel maps to probe the gas surface density and the young stellar objects from the most recent Spitzer Extended Solar Neighborhood Archive catalog to probe the stellar surface density. Using a star-sampled nearest neighbor technique to probe the star–gas surface density correlations at the scale of a few parsecs, we find that the stellar mass surface density varies as a power law of the gas mass surface density, with a power-law index of ∼2 in all the clouds. The consistent power-law index implies that star formation efficiency is directly correlated with gas column density, and no gas column density threshold for star formation is observed. We compare the observed correlations with the predictions from an analytical model of thermal fragmentation and with the synthetic observations of a recent hydrodynamic simulation of a turbulent star-forming molecular cloud. We find that the observed correlations are consistent for some clouds with the thermal fragmentation model and can be reproduced using the hydrodynamic simulations.
VLA–ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (VLASPECS): Total Cold Gas Masses and CO Line Ratios for z = 2–3 Main-sequence Galaxies
Authors: Riechers Dominik A. , Boogaard Leindert A. , Decarli Roberto , González-López Jorge , Smail Ian , Walter Fabian , Aravena Manuel , Carilli Christopher L. , Cortes Paulo C. , Cox Pierre , Díaz-Santos Tanio , Hodge Jacqueline A. , Inami Hanae , Ivison Rob J. , Kaasinen Melanie , Wagg Jeff , Weiß Axel , van der Werf Paul 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Using the NSF’s Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA), we report six detections of CO(J = 1 → 0) emission and one upper limit in z = 2–3 galaxies originally detected in higher-J CO emission in the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (ASPECS). From the CO(J = 1 → 0) line strengths, we measure total cold molecular gas masses of M
gas = (2.4–11.6) × 1010 (α
CO/3.6)M
⊙. We also measure a median CO(J = 3 → 2) to CO(J = 1 → 0) line brightness temperature ratio of r
31 = 0.84 ± 0.26, and a CO(J = 7 → 6) to CO(J = 1 → 0) ratio range of r
71 < 0.05 to r
71 = 0.17. These results suggest that CO(J = 3 → 2) selected galaxies may have a higher CO line excitation on average than CO(J = 1 → 0) selected galaxies, based on the limited, currently available samples from the ASPECS and VLA CO Luminosity Density at High Redshift (COLDz) surveys. This implies that previous estimates of the cosmic density of cold gas in galaxies based on CO(J = 3 → 2) measurements should be revised down by a factor of ≃2 on average based on assumptions regarding CO excitation alone. This correction further improves the agreement between the best currently existing constraints on the cold gas density evolution across cosmic history from line scan surveys, and the implied characteristic gas depletion times.
Raynaud Phenomenon in Systemic Sclerosis: Does Digital Thermal Monitoring Correlate to Specific Nailfold Videocapillaroscopy Abnormalities?
Authors: Thomas Julie K. , Radic Mislav , Tucker Jordan R. , Overbury Rebecca , Frech Tracy M. 
Published: June 2020

Objective.Early diagnosis of systemic sclerosis (SSc) is imperative, and Raynaud phenomenon (RP) is an important component of progressive vasculopathy. Nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) is a well-established tool that can quantify structural vascular abnormalities. Digital thermal monitoring (DTM) assesses microvascular functional dysfunction related to thermoregulation. In this study, we investigated the correlation of NVC patterns and DTM variables in patients with SSc.Methods.Patients with SSc according to the 2013 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism criteria who consented and enrolled in the clinical care registry had NVC and DTM performed. For NVC, the number of capillaries (density), measurement of apical diameter (dimension), presence or absence of hemorrhages, and number of abnormal shapes were assessed to categorize 3 different qualitative patterns: early, active, and late. For DTM, Doppler ultrasound hyperemic, low frequency, blood velocity of radial artery, and fingertip vascular function were assessed, and a vascular reactivity index (VRI) measurement was automated. Statistical evaluation was performed by nonparametric tests to assess the correlation of NVC and VRI.Results.Thirty-one SSc subjects with interpretable NVC and DTM performed on the same day were included in the study. VRI was progressively higher in SSc patients with early, active, and late NVC patterns of microangiopathy (P < 0.0001). There was a significant negative correlation between VRI and microhemorrhages scores (r = –0.363, P = 0.044).Conclusion.Our study suggests that more advanced vasculopathy correlates to reduced microvascular function as detected by DTM and more advanced structural abnormalities detected by NVC. NVC and DTM may provide different aspects of vasculopathy quantification and complement each other as investigative tools.
Mixed Airway and Pulmonary Parenchymal Disease in Patients With Primary Sjögren Syndrome: A 6-year Follow-up
Authors: Nilsson Anna Matilda , Aaltonen H. Laura , Olsson Peter , Persson Hans Lennart , Hesselstrand Roger , Theander Elke , Wollmer Per , Mandl Thomas 
Published: June 2020

Objective.To assess pulmonary function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) development over time in patients with primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS), as well as the association between pulmonary function, radiographic findings, respiratory symptoms, and clinical features of pSS, taking cigarette consumption into account.Methods.Forty patients with pSS (mean age 66 yrs; range 42–81 yrs; 39 women), previously participating in a cross-sectional study on pulmonary involvement in pSS, were reassessed by pulmonary function tests after a mean follow-up time of 6 years. At follow-up, patients were also assessed by high-resolution computed tomography of the chest, as well as for pSS disease activity, respiratory symptoms, and cigarette consumption.Results.Patients with pSS showed significantly decreased percentages of predicted total lung capacity (TLC), residual volume (RV), RV/TLC ratio, and diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide, as well as an increase in predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second/vital capacity (FEV1/VC) ratio from baseline to follow-up. The proportion of COPD in patients with pSS did not change significantly from baseline to follow-up (38% vs 40%, respectively). Radiographic signs of bronchial involvement and interstitial lung disease were each found in 38% of the patients.Conclusion.Both airway and pulmonary parenchymal disease were commonly found in patients with pSS, with a coexistence of both an obstructive and restrictive pulmonary function pattern, where the latter tended to deteriorate over time. COPD was a common finding. Airway and pulmonary involvement may be underdiagnosed in pSS, which is why special attention to clinical assessment of pulmonary involvement in patients with pSS is mandated.
Efficacy of the Combination of Metformin and CTLA4Ig in the (NZB × NZW)F1 Mouse Model of Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Cornaby Caleb , Elshikha Ahmed S , Teng Xiangyu , Choi Seung-Chul , Scindia Yogesh , Davidson Anne , Morel Laurence 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
CTLA4Ig, a reagent that inhibits CD28 signaling, has shown therapeutic efficacy in mouse models of lupus nephritis (LN) when combined with several other biologics or standard of care drugs. Unfortunately, clinical trials treating LN patients with CTLA4Ig (abatacept) have not met endpoints. Metformin, a drug used to control hyperglycemia that inhibits mitochondrial metabolism, lowered the effective dose of glucocorticoids and prevented major flares when added on to the standard of care treatment of lupus patients with low disease activity. Metformin combined with inhibition of glycolysis by 2-deoxyglucose showed therapeutic efficacy in multiple mouse models of LN. Because CD28 signaling triggers glucose metabolism in T cells, we hypothesized that combining CTLA4Ig treatment with metformin would have the same effect. In this study, we showed that the combination of metformin and CTLA4Ig decreased the development of LN in (NZB × NZW)F1 mice treated at the early stage of disease. This preventive effect was associated with a decreased expansion of CD4+ T cell effector subsets. However, contrary to the combination with 2-deoxyglucose, metformin combined with CTLA4Ig did not alter autoantibody production, suggesting different mechanisms of symptom mitigation. Overall, this study shows therapeutic efficacy of the combination of metformin and CTLA4Ig, two drugs with established safety records, in a preclinical mouse model of LN.
Vitamin D Regulates MerTK-Dependent Phagocytosis in Human Myeloid Cells
Authors: Clarke Jelani , Yaqubi Moein , Futhey Naomi C. , Sedaghat Sara , Baufeld Caroline , Blain Manon , Baranzini Sergio , Butovsky Oleg , Antel Jack , White John H. , Healy Luke M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is a major environmental risk factor for the development of multiple sclerosis. The major circulating metabolite of vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) is converted to the active form (calcitriol) by the hydroxylase enzyme CYP27B1. In multiple sclerosis lesions, the tyrosine kinase MerTK expressed by myeloid cells regulates phagocytosis of myelin debris and apoptotic cells that can accumulate and inhibit tissue repair and remyelination. In this study, we explored the effect of calcitriol on homeostatic (M-CSF, TGF-β–treated) and proinflammatory (GM-CSF–treated) human monocyte-derived macrophages and microglia using RNA sequencing. Transcriptomic analysis revealed significant calcitriol-mediated effects on both Ag presentation and phagocytosis pathways. Calcitriol downregulated MerTK mRNA and protein expression in both myeloid populations, resulting in reduced capacity of these cells to phagocytose myelin and apoptotic T cells. Proinflammatory myeloid cells expressed high levels of CYP27B1 compared with homeostatic myeloid cells. Only proinflammatory cells in the presence of TNF-α generated calcitriol from 25-hydroxyvitamin D, resulting in repression of MerTK expression and function. This selective production of calcitriol in proinflammatory myeloid cells has the potential to reduce the risk for autoantigen presentation while retaining the phagocytic ability of homeostatic myeloid cells.
Upregulation of Multiple CD8+ T Cell Exhaustion Pathways Is Associated with Recurrent Ocular Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection
Authors: Coulon Pierre-Grégoire , Roy Soumyabrata , Prakash Swayam , Srivastava Ruchi , Dhanushkodi Nisha , Salazar Stephanie , Amezquita Cassandra , Nguyen Lan , Vahed Hawa , Nguyen Angela M. , Warsi Wasay R. , Ye Caitlin , Carlos-Cruz Edgar A. , Mai Uyen T. , BenMohamed Lbachir 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A large proportion of the world’s population harbors latent HSV type 1 (HSV-1). Cross-talk between antiviral CD8+ T cells and HSV-1 appear to control latency/reactivation cycles. We found that compared with healthy asymptomatic individuals, in symptomatic (SYMP) patients, the CD8+ T cells with the same HLA-A*0201–restricted HSV-1 epitope specificities expressed multiple genes and proteins associated to major T cell exhaustion pathways and were dysfunctional. Blockade of immune checkpoints with anti–LAG-3 and anti–PD-1 antagonist mAbs synergistically restored the frequency and function of antiviral CD8+ T cells, both 1) ex vivo, in SYMP individuals and SYMP HLA-A*0201 transgenic mice; and 2) in vivo in HSV-1–infected SYMP HLA-A*0201 transgenic mice. This was associated with a significant reduction in virus reactivation and recurrent ocular herpetic disease. These findings confirm antiviral CD8+ T cell exhaustion during SYMP herpes infection and pave the way to targeting immune checkpoints to combat recurrent ocular herpes.
Cutting Edge: TNF Is Essential for Mycobacteria-Induced MINCLE Expression, Macrophage Activation, and Th17 Adjuvanticity
Authors: Schick Judith , Schäfer Johanna , Alexander Christian , Dichtl Stefanie , Murray Peter J. , Christensen Dennis , Sorg Ursula , Pfeffer Klaus , Schleicher Ulrike , Lang Roland 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
TNF blockade is a successful treatment for human autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease yet increases susceptibility to tuberculosis and other infections. The C-type lectin receptors (CLR) MINCLE, MCL, and DECTIN-2 are expressed on myeloid cells and sense mycobacterial cell wall glycolipids. In this study, we show that TNF is sufficient to upregulate MINCLE, MCL, and DECTIN-2 in macrophages. TNF signaling through TNFR1 p55 was required for upregulation of these CLR and for cytokine secretion in macrophages stimulated with the MINCLE ligand trehalose-6,6-dibehenate or infected with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette–Guérin. The Th17 response to immunization with the MINCLE-dependent adjuvant trehalose-6,6-dibehenate was specifically abrogated in TNF-deficient mice and strongly attenuated by TNF blockade with etanercept. Together, interference with production or signaling of TNF antagonized the expression of DECTIN-2 family CLR, thwarting vaccine responses and possibly increasing infection risk.