bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on Simulation of Electromagnetic Field of DC Motor Based on Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Zhao Wang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
With the continuous development of science and technology, the magnetic field distribution of DC motors is analyzed based on the finite element theory. These provide a theoretical basis and reliable basis for analyzing the working principle of DC motors and the further development and application of DC motors, establishing a reasonable non-linear model of DC motors, and applying a finite element analysis software to establish a simulation model of the electromagnetic field of DC motors. The characteristics of the electromagnetic field were analyzed during the start-up process, and the analysis results provided a theoretical basis and basis for the further optimization of the electromagnetic field of the DC motor.
Application of Solar Noise Barrier Power Generation System Envisaged on Urban Elevated Roads
Authors: Wang Yuting 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Aiming at the noise problem in the second ring of Kunming is increasingly outstanding. An assumption of constructing solar energy noise barriers is proposed. The construction of solar noise barriers can not only reduce noise transmission, but also use amorphous silicon solar panels to generate electricity for the power load of road street lights. It reduces the economic burden for road management departments. According to the daily average solar radiation data of Kunming, combined with a suitable model of solar panels, the theoretical power generation forecast is performed. The calculation results show that it can meet almost half of the road street light load. It shows that the proposed method will bring good power generation benefits while reducing noise.
Application of Power Load Forecasting in Urban Distribution Network Planning Based on 3D Real Scene Platform
Authors: Huang Yu , Zhuang Xingang , Liu Haiyan , Yu Qing , Luo Shaohua 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The 3D real-view platform technology builds a power load forecasting platform in urban distribution network planning. The completion of this system can provide integrated support for power load forecasting in power distribution line planning, and further provide a three-dimensional foundation platform for power load forecasting analysis and calculation software in power distribution planning. Urban distribution network planning is an important task for power supply companies. The quality of its construction directly affects the development of urban economy and the improvement of people’s quality of life. This paper combines the years of work experience to introduce the importance of power distribution network planning, which optimizes the structure of the power distribution network, which can ensure the safe operation of the power grid, reduce power loss, improve power supply reliability, and accurately predict power loads. To meet the needs of urban power load development.
Propagation equations for waves in moving thin films of perfect liquids with weak sources at the bottom
Authors: Brener A , Yegenova A , Botayeva S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The paper deals with the problem of modelling nonlinear waves propagation in thin liquid layers in the presence of weak sources at the bottom. It is established the conditions under which the model equation has the left-hand side bearing a resemblance to the Korteweg-de-Vries equation with slowly evolved parameters, and perturbed right-hand side. At the same time the specific conditions under which the appearance of solitary waves can be nevertheless possible have been defined.
Estimation of prevalence in rare disease using pooled samples
Authors: Martins J P , Santos R , Felgueiras M 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe use of pooled samples for screening infected individuals is a known procedure to reduce costs. In an estimation problem, the aim is only to determine how many individuals are infected instead of determining who is infected (classification problem). In that setting, our goal was to compare the performance of using one or two-dimensional arrays. The best performance was established according to one of the following criteria: minimizing the number of individuals or the number of tests required to attain a certain estimate accuracy. It is observed that when we want to minimize the number of individuals used, the two-dimensional procedures have a little advantage over the one-dimensional procedures. However, when the major concern is the cost, the one-dimensional procedures clearly outperform the two-dimensional procedures.
Multi-value opinion sharing based on information source influence in agent-based network
Authors: Kitajima Eiki , Murata Akihiro , Takadama Keiki 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper proposes the information sharing algorithm for preventing propagation of wrong information in the agent-based network such as SNS, and aims at investigating the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm through the complex network such as a small world network. Towards practical applications, this paper extends the conventional opinion sharing model (OSM) to cope with the multi-value opinion from the binary opinion, and proposes the new algorithm for preventing propagation of wrong information to cope with the multi-value opinion. The intensive simulations of three types of the complex network have revealed that the accuracy of the correct opinion of agents in the proposed algorithm (called Self-information Weight Tuning (SWT)) reaches around 80% which is not affected by the number of opinion states in the multi-value opinions, while that of the conventional algorithm (called Autonomous Adaptive Tuning (AAT)) is lower than the proposed algorithm and decreases as the number of opinion states increases.
A benchmarking protocol for breath analysis: the peppermint experiment
Authors: Henderson Ben , Ruszkiewicz Dorota M , Wilkinson Max , Beauchamp Jonathan D , Cristescu Simona M , Fowler Stephen J , Salman Dahlia , Francesco Fabio Di , Koppen Gudrun , Langejürgen Jens , Holz Olaf , Hadjithekli Andria , Moreno Sergi , Pedrotti Michele , Sinues Pablo , Slingers Gitte , Wilde Michael , Lomonaco Tommaso , Zanella Delphine , Zenobi Renato , Focant Jean-François , Grassin-Delyle Stanislas , Franchina Flavio Antonio , Malásková Michaela , Stefanuto Pierre-Hugues , Pugliese Giovanni , Mayhew Christopher , Thomas C L Paul 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Sampling of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has shown promise for detection of a range of diseases but results have proved hard to replicate due to a lack of standardization. In this work we introduce the ‘Peppermint Initiative’. The initiative seeks to disseminate a standardized experiment that allows comparison of breath sampling and data analysis methods. Further, it seeks to share a set of benchmark values for the measurement of VOCs in breath. Pilot data are presented to illustrate the standardized approach to the interpretation of results obtained from the Peppermint experiment. This pilot study was conducted to determine the washout profile of peppermint compounds in breath, identify appropriate sampling time points, and formalise the data analysis.
Five and ten participants were recruited to undertake a standardized intervention by ingesting a peppermint oil capsule that engenders a predictable and controlled change in the VOC profile in exhaled breath. After collecting a pre-ingestion breath sample, five further samples are taken at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 h after ingestion. Samples were analysed using ion mobility spectrometry coupled to multi-capillary column and thermal desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry. A regression analysis of the washout data was used to determine sampling times for the final peppermint protocol, and the time for the compound measurement to return to baseline levels was selected as a benchmark value. A measure of the quality of the data generated from a given technique is proposed by comparing data fidelity.
This study protocol has been used for all subsequent measurements by the Peppermint Consortium (16 partners from seven countries). So far 1200 breath samples from 200 participants using a range of sampling and analytical techniques have been collected. The data from the consortium will be disseminated in subsequent technical notes focussing on results from individual platforms.
Dietary Sodium Intake and Sodium Density in the United States: Estimates From NHANES 2005–2006 and 2015–2016
Authors: Hu Jiun-Ruey , Sahni Shivani , Mukamal Kenneth J , Millar Courtney L , Wu Yingfei , Appel Lawrence J , Juraschek Stephen P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
In the United States, current guidelines recommend a total sodium intake &lt;2,300 mg/day, a guideline which does not consider kilocalorie intake. However, kilocalorie intake varies substantially by age and sex. We hypothesized that compared with sodium density, total sodium intake overestimates adherence to sodium recommendations, especially in adults consuming fewer kilocalories.

METHODS
In the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we estimated the prevalence of adherence to sodium intake recommendations (&lt;2,300 mg/day) and corresponding sodium density intake (&lt;1.1 mg/kcal = 2,300 mg at 2,100 kcal) by sex, age, race/ethnicity, and kilocalorie level. Adherence estimates were compared between the 2005–2006 (n = 5,060) and 2015–2016 (n = 5,266) survey periods.

RESULTS
In 2005–2006, 23.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 21.5, 24.9) of the US population consumed &lt;2,300 mg of sodium/day, but only 8.5% (CI: 7.6, 9.4) consumed &lt;1.1 mg/kcal in sodium density. In 2015–2016, these figures were 20.9% (CI: 18.8, 23.2) and 5.1% (CI: 4.4, 6.0), respectively. In 2015–2016, compared with 2005–2006, adherence by sodium density decreased more substantially (odds ratio = 0.59; CI: 0.48, 0.72; P &lt; 0.001) than adherence by total sodium consumption (odds ratio = 0.85; CI: 0.73, 0.98; P = 0.03). The difference in adherence between total sodium and sodium density goals was greater among those with lower kilocalorie intake, namely, older adults, women, and Hispanic adults.

CONCLUSIONS
Adherence estimated by sodium density is substantially less than adherence estimated by total sodium intake, especially among persons with lower kilocalorie intake. Further efforts to achieve population-wide reduction in sodium density intake are urgently needed.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Military Aviators
Authors: Deal J Banks , Magee Anthony J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Introduction
The incidence of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is increased in occupations exposed to repetitive motion, poor wrist posture, and vibration exposure. While all pilots are exposed to these factors, helicopter pilots are especially exposed to vibration. The study is to identify the incidence and risk factors for CTS in military aviators.

Materials and Methods
Clearance was obtained from Tripler Army Medical Center IRB. The Defense Medical Epidemiological Database was queried for all new cases of CTS from 2006 to 2015. Incidence rates (IRs) were determined for helicopter pilots, fixed-wing pilots, and nonpilot officers. Poisson regression analysis was used to calculate adjusted IR in order to control for demographic factors. Race was also taken into account, where pilots would classify themselves into a white or non-white race, defined by each individual. Race was assessed in the study to see if there were any differences in IR of CTS between white and non-white pilots.

Results
We identified 7,398 new cases of CTS among 2,319,352 person-years within the study period. Increasing age, female gender, and non-white race were significantly correlated with higher IR. Fixed-wing pilots demonstrated significantly lower adjusted IR than nonpilot officers in each age group. Helicopter pilots demonstrated higher IR than fixed-wing pilots in each age group. Helicopter pilots had lower incidence of CTS early in their career compared to nonpilot officers, but by age 40+, their IR ratio was significantly higher (1.21).

Conclusion
Analysis of the database indicates that fixed-wing pilot status is a protective factor against development of CTS among U.S. military officers. In contrast, helicopter pilots were found to be at an increased rate of CTS than their fixed-wing counterparts. Their incidence is comparable to their nonpilot officer peers early in their career, but is significantly increased at the senior level. Increasing age and female gender are risk factors in the military officer population as expected. Non-white race was found to increase risk in the military population, in contrast to reports of the civilian population.
“Your Finger or Mine?”—Patient Preferences in the Collection of Fecal Occult Blood Testing in the Emergency Department
Authors: Freeman Paul , Couperus Kyle , Walsh Ryan , Ward Michael J , McNaughton Candace D , Bothwell Jason 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionThere are a number of presenting Emergency Department complaints that may necessitate the testing of stool for the presence of blood. A provider-performed digital rectal examination is frequently performed solely for the collection of stool for a fecal occult blood testing (FOBT). With increased emphasis on patient autonomy and shared decision-making, it is appropriate to consider patient preferences with regard to who performs the invasive collection of stool. Our objective was to determine patient preference in regard to provider versus self-collection of stool sample for use in FOBT and identify patient demographics associated with those more likely to self-collect. Finally, we examined specimen adequacy and patient satisfaction by open-ended comment.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a 1-year, prospective, non-randomized, observational trial with a convenience sample of 100 patients. After enrollment, study participants were offered the choice of self-collection versus provider collection. Stool collection proceeded according to participant preference. Simple descriptive statistics were used to analyze the primary outcome. The secondary proportional univariate outcomes were evaluated with chi-square testing (alpha level—0.05). We used a multivariable logistic regression model to evaluate the association of independent variables with the likelihood to perform self-collection.ResultsA total of 100 patients were enrolled over 1 year, with 51% choosing to collect their own sample. Younger age was the only statistically significant predictor for self-collection (p &lt; 0.001); furthermore, for every year of increasing age, patients were 3% less likely to choose self-collection. All self-collected samples were adequate for testing. In univariate analyses, patients younger than 35 were more likely to perform self-collection (66%) compared with those over 35 (36%). Those over 64 self-collected only 24% of the time. Neither sex nor race were associated with collection method preference.ConclusionsWhen offered the choice between self-directed or provider-performed stool sample collection, more than half of participants chose to obtain their own sample; furthermore, age was the only statistically significant predictor of preference for collection method. All patients who self-collected were able to provide an adequate sample. Our evidence suggests the offer of FOBT self-collection is a feasible method to enhance patient autonomy and improve therapeutic alliances.
Bayesian Evaluation of Temporal Signal in Measurably Evolving Populations
Authors: Duchene Sebastian , Lemey Philippe , Stadler Tanja , Ho Simon Y W , Duchene David A , Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna , Baele Guy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPhylogenetic methods can use the sampling times of molecular sequence data to calibrate the molecular clock, enabling the estimation of evolutionary rates and timescales for rapidly evolving pathogens and data sets containing ancient DNA samples. A key aspect of such calibrations is whether a sufficient amount of molecular evolution has occurred over the sampling time window, that is, whether the data can be treated as having come from a measurably evolving population. Here, we investigate the performance of a fully Bayesian evaluation of temporal signal (BETS) in sequence data. The method involves comparing the fit to the data of two models: a model in which the data are accompanied by the actual (heterochronous) sampling times, and a model in which the samples are constrained to be contemporaneous (isochronous). We conducted simulations under a wide range of conditions to demonstrate that BETS accurately classifies data sets according to whether they contain temporal signal or not, even when there is substantial among-lineage rate variation. We explore the behavior of this classification in analyses of five empirical data sets: modern samples of A/H1N1 influenza virus, the bacterium Bordetella pertussis, coronaviruses from mammalian hosts, ancient DNA from Hepatitis B virus, and mitochondrial genomes of dog species. Our results indicate that BETS is an effective alternative to other tests of temporal signal. In particular, this method has the key advantage of allowing a coherent assessment of the entire model, including the molecular clock and tree prior which are essential aspects of Bayesian phylodynamic analyses.
Nonoperating room anesthesia in different parts of the world
Authors: Fernandez-Robles Claudia , Oprea Adriana D. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose of review
Advances in early diagnosis and treatment of diseases using minimally invasive procedures has led to an increase in the number of cases in locations outside the operating room. This surge created the need for anesthesia services to expand to these areas to provide well tolerated and favorable procedural conditions. The present review describes nonoperating room anesthesia patterns in different parts of the world.

Recent findings
Nonoperating room anesthesia has grown exponentially over the last years. Patients scheduled in these areas are sicker and older compared to the operating room patients. Anesthesiologist-directed care has proven to be well tolerated, with less serious complications and improvement in patients and proceduralist satisfaction.

Summary
There are marked variations in how anesthesia services are delivered in out of operating room locations in different parts of the world. Although there are some data available from the United States, expansion of minimally invasive procedures across continents will likely lead to the emergence of various models of delivering anesthetic care.
Risk stratification in patients undergoing nonoperating room anesthesia
Authors: Bockstael Brecht , Najafi Nadia , Poelaert Jan 
Published: June 2020

Purpose of review
A growing numerical and complexity of patients requiring nonoperating room anesthesia (NORA) necessitates a multidisciplinary approach of a highly experienced team in a highly technological setting of the cathlab or radiology suite. These requirements are even more magnified in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Recent findings
This review describes the aspects of risk stratification both in adults and children with respect to patient morphology, airway management, cardiorespiratory function and finally future developments, which could beneficially interfere with imminent management in NORA. Moreover, some particular features related to COVID-19 are also discussed.

Summary
Apart from a thorough preoperative assessment, preventive strategies and well-chosen monitoring should be implemented to preclude inadvertent events in sometimes high-risk patients. Timely preventive measures and early recognition of complications could only be achieved by a multidisciplinary cooperating team. In addition, the implementation of safety measurements due to the infectious transmission to both the patients and care givers is crucial.
Recent advances in nonoperating room anesthesia for cardiac procedures
Authors: Lee Delice W. , Wąsowicz Marcin 
Published: June 2020

Purpose of review
The number of complex procedures performed in the cardiac catheterization laboratory (CCL) is rapidly increasing. Because of their complexity, they frequently require the assistance of an anesthesiologist. The CCL is primarily designed to facilitate a percutaneous cardiac intervention; therefore, it might be a challenging workplace for an anesthesiologist. The aim of this review is to briefly present tasks and challenges of providing anesthesia in the CCL and to provide a concise description of common cardiac procedures performed there.

Recent findings
Recent literature indicates that many complicated cardiac procedures can be performed in CCL under monitored anesthesia care. At the same time several of them (e.g. transcatheter aortic valve replacement) are quickly becoming a viable alternative for surgical valve replacement. The most recent expansion of CCL procedures is related to rapidly growing population of grown-ups with congenital heart disease. All aforementioned developments present new challenges to an anesthesiologist.

Summary
New and fast development of percutaneous cardiac interventions has created a new working place for the anesthesiologist – the CCL. Our expertise in complex cardiac pathophysiology allows conduct of complicated procedures outside of the operating theater. For the same reasons, there is ongoing discussion whether anesthesia support in CCL should be provided by a general or cardiac anesthesiologist.
Standard procedures in nonoperating room anesthesia
Authors: Dabu-Bondoc Susan M. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose of review
This article provides an overview of standard procedures currently performed in nonoperating room anesthesia (NORA) and highlights anesthetic implications.

Recent findings
Novel noninvasive interventional procedures remain on the rise, accelerating demand for anesthesia support outside the conventional operating room. The field of interventional oncology has introduced a variety of effective minimally invasive therapies making interventional radiology gain a major role in the management of cancer. Technical innovation brings newer ablative and embolotherapy techniques into practice. Flexible bronchoscopy has replaced rigid bronchoscopy for many diagnostic and therapeutic indications. Endobronchial ultrasonography now allows sampling of mediastinal, paratracheal, or subcarinal lymph nodes rendering more invasive procedures such as mediastinoscopy unnecessary. Similarly, endoscopic ultrasonosgraphy currently plays a central position in the management of gastrointestinal disease. Sophisticated catheter techniques for ablating cardiac arrhythmias have become state of the art; Watchman procedure gaining position in the prevention of stroke resulting from atrial fibrillation.

Summary
NORA is a rapidly evolving field in anesthesia. Employing new technology to treat a wide variety of diseases brings new challenges to the anesthesiologist. Better understanding of emerging interventional techniques is key to safe practice and allows the anesthesia expert to be at the forefront of this swiftly expanding multidisciplinary arena.