bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photosystem I Multilayers within Porous Indium Tin Oxide Cathodes Enhance Mediated Electron Transfer
Authors: Wolfe Kody D. , Dervishogullari Dilek , Stachurski Christopher D. , Passantino Joshua M. , Kane Jennings G. , Cliffel David E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUnderstanding and improving charge transfer pathways between extracted Photosystem I (PSI) protein complexes and electrodes is necessary for the development of low‐cost PSI‐based devices for energy conversion. We incorporated PSI multilayers within porous indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes and observed a greater mediated photocurrent in comparison to multilayers on planar ITO. First, the mediated electron transfer (MET) pathway in the presence of 2,6‐dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP) and ascorbate (AscH) was studied via photochronoamperometry on planar ITO. ITO nanoparticles were then used to fabricate two porous electrode morphologies; mesoporous (20–100 nm pores) and macroporous (5 μm pores). PSI multilayers within macroporous ITO cathodes produced 42±5 μA cm−2 of photocurrent, three times the photocurrent produced by mesoporous ITO. Additionally, macroporous cathodes are able to utilize twice as much active surface area, when compared to mesoporous cathodes. Our findings show that MET within PSI multilayers is greater in 5 μm macropores than mesoporous ITO due to both an increase in electrode surface area and the location of PSI complexes within the pores. Improving MET in PSI‐based bioelectrodes has applications including improving the total charge transfer achieved in PSI‐based photoelectrochemical cells or even incorporation in bio‐photocatalytic cells.
Binding Modes of Salicylic Acids to Titanium Oxide Molecular Surfaces
Authors: Liu Caiyun , Hu Junyi , Liu Weiming , Zhu Feng , Wang Guo , Tung Chen‐Ho , Wang Yifeng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA set of titanium oxide clusters (TOCs) comprised of 4 to 16 Ti atoms are synthesized with substituted salicylates (SSAs). The interfacial coordination environment of these SSA/Ti oxide hybrids are surveyed and found to be limited to four binding modes, with the bridging chelate mode being the most common one. The SSA‐functionalized TOCs show strong visible light absorption properties. The contribution of the SSAs in the frontier orbitals of the TOCs are analyzed by using TD‐DFT calculations based on the molecular geometries determined by X‐ray diffraction. For TOCs of relatively high O/Ti ratio, the SSAs narrow the band gap of the TOCs by contributing solely to the HOMOs. Both binding modes and locations of the SSAs are important for the roles of SSAs in changing the HOMOs and thereby the absorption onsets.
Redox‐Induced Modulation of Exchange Interaction in a High‐Spin Ground‐State Diradical/Triradical System
Authors: Nagata Atsuki , Hiraoka Shinsuke , Suzuki Shuichi , Kozaki Masatoshi , Shiomi Daisuke , Sato Kazunobu , Takui Takeji , Tanaka Rika , Okada Keiji 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA triplet ground‐state diradical molecule, bis(nitronyl nitroxide)‐substituted diphenyldihydrophenazine (1..), that can be converted into a one‐electron oxidized species,1…+, in the quartet ground state has been developed. Surprisingly, these species,1..and1…+, can be used under ambient conditions because they are reasonably stable under aerobic conditions, even in solution. The temperature‐dependent magnetic susceptibilities reveal that1..and1…+are in the triplet state, with a weak exchange interaction (J1/kB= +3.1 K) and quartet ground state with a strong exchange interaction (J2/kB= +160 K), respectively. The interconversion between the neutral and one‐electron oxidized species can be realized through electrochemical reactions. Significantly different absorption bands in the near‐IR region newly appeared in the electronic spectra acquired during electrochemical oxidation/reduction.
Structure‐Based Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Triazole‐Based smHDAC8 Inhibitors
Authors: Kalinin Dmitrii V. , Jana Sunit K. , Pfafenrot Maxim , Chakrabarti Alokta , Melesina Jelena , Shaik Tajith B. , Lancelot Julien , Pierce Raymond J. , Sippl Wolfgang , Romier Christophe , Jung Manfred , Holl Ralph 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSchistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by parasitic flatworms of the genus Schistosoma, which affects over 200 million people worldwide and leads to at least 300,000 deaths every year. In this study, initial screening revealed the triazole‐based hydroxamate 2 b (N‐hydroxy‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazole‐4‐carboxamide) exhibiting potent inhibitory activity toward the novel antiparasitic target Schistosoma mansoni histone deacetylase 8 (smHDAC8) and promising selectivity over the major human HDACs. Subsequent crystallographic studies of the 2 b/smHDAC8 complex revealed key interactions between the inhibitor and the enzyme's active site, thus explaining the unique selectivity profile of the inhibitor. Further chemical modifications of 2 b led to the discovery of 4‐fluorophenoxy derivative 21 (1‐[5‐chloro‐2‐(4‐fluorophenoxy)phenyl]‐N‐hydroxy‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazole‐4‐carboxamide), a nanomolar smHDAC8 inhibitor (IC50=0.5 μM), exceeding the smHDAC8 inhibitory activity of 2 b and SAHA (vorinostat), while exhibiting an improved selectivity profile over the investigated human HDACs. Collectively, this study reveals specific interactions between smHDAC8 and the synthesized triazole‐based inhibitors and demonstrates that these small molecules represent promising lead structures, which could be further developed in the search for novel drugs for the treatment of schistosomiasis.
Computational fluid dynamics of blood flow in an idealized left human heart
Authors: Dedè Luca , Menghini Filippo , Quarteroni Alfio 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe construct an idealized computational model of the left human heart for the study of the blood flow dynamics in the left atrium and ventricle. We solve the Navier‐Stokes equations in the ALE formulation and we prescribe the left heart wall displacement based on physiological data; moreover, we consider the presence of both the mitral and aortic valves through the resistive method. We simulate the left heart hemodynamics by means of the finite element method and we consider the variational multiscale large eddy simulation (LES) formulation to account for the transitional and nearly turbulent regimes of the blood flow in physiological conditions. The main contribution of this paper is the characterization of the blood flow in an idealized configuration of the left heart aiming at reproducing function in normal conditions. Our assessment is based on the analysis of instantaneous and phase averaged velocity fields, blood pressure, and other clinically meaningful fluid dynamics indicators. Finally, we show that our idealized computational model can be suitably used to study and critically discuss pathological scenarios like that of a regurgitant mitral valve.
Role of TFF3 as an adjunct in the diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus using a minimally invasive esophageal sampling device—The CytospongeTM
Authors: Paterson Anna L. , Gehrung Marcel , Fitzgerald Rebecca C. , O'Donovan Maria 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe incidence of esophageal carcinoma continues to increase whilst its prognosis remains poor. The most dramatic reduction in mortality is likely to follow early diagnosis of the preinvasive precursor lesion, Barrett's esophagus (BE), coupled with treatment of dysplastic lesions. The major risk factor for BE is gastroesophageal reflux disease, however this is highly prevalent and only a small proportion of individuals have BE, therefore an endoscopy‐based screening strategy to detect BE is unfeasible. Minimally invasive esophageal sampling devices offer an alternative, cost‐effective strategy which can be deployed within an at‐risk population in a primary care setting to identify individuals with probable BE who can then be referred for endoscopic confirmation. The device that has currently progressed furthest in clinical trials is the CytospongeTM which collects cells from the gastric cardia, gastroesophageal junction and along the whole esophageal length. The cell sample is processed into a formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded block and sections assessed for the presence of intestinal metaplasia. TFF3 immunohistochemistry has consistently been shown to be a valuable adjunct that increases the accuracy of the CytospongeTM test by highlighting early goblet cells which may be missed on morphological assessment and by allowing pseudogoblet cells to be differentiated from true goblet cells.
The underdog invader: Breeding system and colony genetic structure of the dark rover ant (Brachymyrmex patagonicus Mayr)
Authors: Eyer Pierre‐André , Espinoza Elida M. , Blumenfeld Alexander J. , Vargo Edward L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAnts are among the most successful species at invading new environments. Their success undeniably comes from their various modes of reproduction and colony breeding structures, which influence their dispersal ability, reproductive potential, and foraging strategies. Almost all invasive ant species studied so far form supercolonies, a dense network of interconnected nests comprising numerous queens, without aggression toward non‐nestmates. This strategy results in invasive colonies that are able to grow extremely fast and large while avoiding intraspecific competition, allowing them to monopolize environmental resources and outcompete native species.Here, we developed and used 10 microsatellite markers to investigate the population structure and breeding system of the dark rover ant Brachymyrmex patagonicus Mayr in its introduced range. We determined whether this species exhibits a supercolonial structure by assessing whether different nests belonged to the same genetic colony. We inferred its dispersal ability by investigating isolation by distance and estimated the numbers of queens per colonies and mating per queen through parent‐offspring inferences. We found that most of the colonies of B. patagonicus were comprised of a single nest, headed by a single queen. Each nest was distinct from one another, without isolation by distance, which suggests strong dispersal ability through nuptial flights. These features are commonly observed in noninvasive and native ant species, but they are surprising for a successful invasive ant, as they strongly differ from other invasive ants. Overall, we discuss how this seemingly unfavorable strategy for an invasive ant might favor the invasive success of the dark rover ant in the United States.
Clinical implications of the blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio in heart failure and their association with haemoconcentration
Authors: Sujino Yasumori , Nakano Shintaro , Tanno Jun , Shiraishi Yasuyuki , Goda Ayumi , Mizuno Atsushi , Nagatomo Yuji , Kohno Takashi , Muramatsu Toshihiro , Nishimura Shigeyuki , Kohsaka Shun , Yoshikawa Tsutomu ,   for the West Tokyo Heart Failure Registry Investigators
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimsThe blood urea nitrogen (BUN)/creatinine ratio is a strong prognostic indicator in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). However, the clinical impact of a high BUN/creatinine ratio at discharge with respect to renal dysfunction, neurohormonal hyperactivity, and different responsiveness to decongestion therapy remains unclear. Herein, we examined (i) the predictive value of a high BUN/creatinine ratio at discharge and (ii) its haemoconcentration‐dependent effects, in patients with ADHF.Methods and resultsThe West Tokyo Heart Failure registry was a multicentre, prospective cohort registry‐based study that enrolled patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of ADHF. The endpoint was post‐discharge all‐cause death. Based on the degree of haemoconcentration, patients (n = 2090) were divided into four subcategories. In multivariate proportional hazard analyses, a higher BUN/creatinine ratio was independently associated with higher all‐cause mortality in the total population and in the extreme haemodilution (ΔHaemoglobin ≤ −0.9 g/dL) and haemoconcentration (0.8 g/dL ≤ ΔHaemoglobin) subcategories, but not in the modest haemodilution/haemoconcentration subcategories.ConclusionsA higher BUN/creatinine ratio at discharge was independently associated with higher post‐discharge all‐cause mortality in patients with ADHF. The predictive value of a high BUN/creatinine ratio at discharge was haemoconcentration dependent and may be an unfavourable predictor in patients showing excessive haemoconcentration and haemodilution, but not in those showing modest haemoconcentration/haemodilution.
Imaging in patients with suspected acute heart failure: timeline approach position statement on behalf of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology
Authors: Čelutkienė Jelena , Lainscak Mitja , Anderson Lisa , Gayat Etienne , Grapsa Julia , Harjola Veli‐Pekka , Manka Robert , Nihoyannopoulos Petros , Filardi Pasquale Perrone , Vrettou Rosa , Anker Stefan D. , Filippatos Gerasimos , Mebazaa Alexandre , Metra Marco , Piepoli Massimo , Ruschitzka Frank , Zamorano Jose Luis , Rosano Giuseppe , Seferovic Petar 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAcute heart failure is one of the main diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in clinical practice due to a non‐specific clinical manifestation and the urgent need for timely and tailored management at the same time. In this position statement, the Heart Failure Association aims to systematize the use of various imaging methods in accordance with the timeline of acute heart failure care proposed in the recent guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology. During the first hours of admission the point‐of‐care focused cardiac and lung ultrasound examination is an invaluable tool for rapid differential diagnosis of acute dyspnoea, which is highly feasible and relatively easy to learn. Several portable and stationary imaging modalities are being increasingly used for the evaluation of cardiac structure and function, haemodynamic and volume status, precipitating myocardial ischaemia or valvular abnormalities, and systemic and pulmonary congestion. This paper emphasizes the central role of the full echocardiographic examination in the identification of heart failure aetiology, severity of cardiac dysfunction, indications for specific heart failure therapy, and risk stratification. Correct evaluation of cardiac filling pressures and accurate prognostication may help to prevent unscheduled short‐term readmission. Alternative advanced imaging modalities should be considered to assist patient management in the pre‐ and post‐discharge phase, including cardiac magnetic resonance, computed tomography, nuclear studies, and coronary angiography. The Heart Failure Association addresses this paper to the wide spectrum of acute care and heart failure specialists, highlighting the value of all available imaging techniques at specific stages and in common clinical scenarios of acute heart failure.
Toward the use of approach/avoidance tendencies as attitude measures: Individual‐ and group‐level variability of the ingroup bias
Authors: Rougier Marine , Muller Dominique , Courset Rémi , Smeding Annique , Devos Thierry , Batailler Cédric 
Published: December 2019

AbstractApproach/avoidance paradigms could constitute an interesting alternative in measuring intergroup attitudes, notably if they overcome one criticism often addressed toward classic indirect tasks: Measuring attitudes beyond the influence of cultural knowledge. Using intergroup stimuli and a population likely to be exposed to a similar cultural knowledge, we observed two informative results regarding this issue: Approach/avoidance effects measured by the Visual Approach/Avoidance by the Self Task (VAAST) varied across participants (i.e., consistent with the variability of intergroup attitudes; Experiment 1) and both participants of dominant and non‐dominant groups produced an ingroup bias (Experiment 2). A last experiment (Experiment 3) showed that compatibility scores in the VAAST predict trustworthiness ratings of the ingroup/outgroup. This experiment also investigated potential differences between the VAAST and the IAT. These results suggest that approach/avoidance tasks (notably the VAAST) could be relevant to assess personal attitudes when it comes to normatively sensitive topics.
Selective Electrochemical Determination of Dopamine with Molecularly Imprinted Poly(Carbazole‐co‐Aniline) Electrode Decorated with Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Sağlam Şener , Arman Aysu , Üzer Ayşem , Ustamehmetoğlu Belkıs , Sezer Esma , Apak Reşat 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDopamine (DA) is a significant neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, coexisting with uric acid (UA) and ascorbic acid (AA). UA and AA are easily oxidizable compounds having potentials close to that of DA for electrochemical analysis, resulting in overlapping voltammetric response. In this work, a novel molecularly imprinted (MI) electrochemical sensor was proposed for selective determination of DA (in the presence of up to 80‐fold excess of UA and AA), relying on gold nanoparticles (Aunano)‐decorated glassy carbon (GC) electrode coated with poly(carbazole (Cz)‐co‐aniline (ANI)) copolymer film incorporating DA as template (DA imprinted‐GC/P(Cz‐co‐ANI)‐Aunano electrode, DA‐MIP‐Aunano electrode). The DA recognizing sensor electrode showed great electroactivity for analyte oxidation in 0.2 mol L−1 pH 7 phosphate buffer. Square wave voltammetry (SWV) was performed within 10−4–10−5 mol L−1 of DA, of which the oxidation peak potential was observed at 0.16 V. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 2.0×10−6 and 6.7×10−6 mol L−1, respectively. Binary and ternary synthetic mixtures of DA‐UA, DA‐AA and DA‐UA‐AA yielded excellent recoveries for DA. Additionally, DA was quantitatively recovered from a real sample of bovine serum spiked with DA, and determined in concentrated dopamine injection solution. The developed SWV method was statistically validated against a literature potentiodynamic method using a caffeic acid modified‐GC electrode.
LAMSTAR: For IoT‐based face recognition system to manage the safety factor in smart cities
Authors: Medapati Prema Kumar , Tejo Murthy P.H.S. , Sridhar K.P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDigital transformation played a vital role in smart cities because of its ability to process the different data to providing sustainability, connectivity, and mobility to data effectively. According to the diver operational productivity, preserving public safety government law enforcement integrated that face recognition is more important in smart cities. Traditional face recognition system fails to predict the exact facial features that leads to reduce the facial recognition accuracy. The false facial point detection process maximizes the computation complexity. Therefore, in this work, effective and artificial intelligence internet of things–based facial expression detection system is implemented to predict and match the face from the database. Initially, the facial images are captured from the internet of things sensor device, which is processed by applying the Perona‐Malik diffusion algorithm. Then, face location is cropped from the image, geometric face shape model is created for predicting the exact face from the template face image. From the face shape, different facial features are extracted from various region using Fisher linear discriminant analysis. The derived features are trained with the help of convolution network and the face recognition process is done by using the adaboost large memory storage and retrieval neural network. The network successfully recognizes the face from the template, which is used to eliminate the safety related risk in smart cities.
Production technology, nutritional, and microbiological investigation of traditionally fermented mare milk (Chigee) from Xilin Gol in China
Authors: Guo Liang , Xu Wei‐Liang , Li Chun‐Dong , Ya Mei , Guo Yuan‐Sheng , Qian Jun‐Ping , Zhu Jian‐Jun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMare milk originated from female horses, known as mares, to feed their foals during lactation. The health‐promoting characteristics of traditionally fermented mare milk (Chigee) are well known for the function of clinic treatment in the traditional Mongolian medicine. This study was conducted to investigate the production technology of Chigee and to evaluate the nutritional and microbiological characteristics of mare milk and Chigee based on 188 samples. The nutritional analysis of mare milk and Chigee indicated that lactose significantly decreased from 6.95 ± 0.45% to 2.82 ± 1.65% and acidity and alcoholic content significantly increased to 136.72 ± 57.88°T and 1.22 ± 0.7%, respectively, after spontaneous fermentation of mare milk. The microbiological analysis of Chigee showed that the total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count varied from 5.32 to 8.56 log cfu/ml and total yeast count varied from 2.41 to 6.98 log cfu/ml. Moreover, the acidity of Chigee rose with the increase in LAB count within limits, and high acidity (≥178°T) inhibited the growth of coliforms. These findings provide an understanding of traditional production technology, nutrition, and microbiology that is fundamental for establishing the food standard of Chigee in China and will contribute to standardize the fermentation process for the industrial production of Chigee in the future.
Antihyperglycemic effect of rice husk derived xylooligosaccharides in high‐fat diet and low‐dose streptozotocin‐induced type 2 diabetic rat model
Authors: Khat‐udomkiri Nuntawat , Toejing Parichart , Sirilun Sasithorn , Chaiyasut Chaiyavat , Lailerd Narissara 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRice husk (RH) is an agricultural waste obtained from rice milling process. Our previous study demonstrated the optimized process of extracting xylooligosaccharides (XOS), a prebiotic that can support the growth and activity of beneficial gut microbiota, from RH. Accumulated evidences indicate that the composition of gut microbiota is involved in the progression of insulin resistance and diabetes. This study aims to evaluate the antihyperglycemic effect and putative mechanisms of RH‐XOS using a diabetic rat model induced by high‐fat diet and streptozotocin injection. Diabetic rats were randomly assigned to receive vehicle (DMC), XOS (DM‐XOS), metformin (DMM), and a combination of XOS and metformin (DMM‐XOS). An additional group of rats were fed with normal diet plus vehicle (NDC) and normal diet plus XOS (ND‐XOS). Supplementation with RH‐XOS for 12 weeks successfully decreased the fasting plasma glucose, insulin, leptin, and LPS levels in DM‐XOS compared with DMC. Likewise, the insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake assessed by in vitro study was significantly enhanced in DM‐XOS, DMM, and DMM‐XOS. The diminished protein expressions of GLUT4 and pAktSer473 as well as pAMPKThr172 were significantly modulated in DM‐XOS, DMM, and DMM‐XOS groups. Interestingly, RH‐XOS supplementation reversed the changed gut permeability, elevated the number of beneficial bacteria, both Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp., and increased SCFAs production. Taken together, the results confirm the efficacy of RH‐XOS in achieving good glycemic control in diabetes by maintenance of gut microbiota and attenuation of endotoxemia. The findings reveal the benefits of RH‐XOS and open an opportunity to improve its value by its development as a nutraceutical for diabetes.