bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personal hygiene and sanitation in a rural community in Kedah
Authors: Anpalagam Thulasi , Ai Ying Yeap , Ravikumar Divya , Rai Saraswathi Bina 
Published: March 2020

Background: The concept of hygiene varies amongst individuals and amongst cultures. Personal hygiene and sanitation are interrelated and both can contribute to mode of transmission of disease. As part of a larger community survey, we studied the basic personal hygiene habits and sanitation status of a rural community to find out if practices in this rural community are acceptable.Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. We defined appropriate sanitation as proper disposal of garbage and having a sanitary toilet. We used a pre-tested, structured questionnaire and carried out face-to-face interview of representatives from randomly selected household in the village PB in January, 2018. The questionnaire had 16 domains. We focused our findings on 2 domain covering personal hygiene and sanitation. All results were transcribed into excel and analysed using SPSS 22.0.Results: We collected response from 122 households in a predominantly Malay community. Median household income ranged from RM1000 to RM2000. Main occupation is agriculture and 54.1% live in brick houses, 47% houses being a combination of brick and wood. Most (94.3%) clean their homes daily. Main method of rubbish disposal is by burning. Most have proper latrines with at least a pour flush latrine and at least one washroom. Most (65.5%) clean toilets daily. All wash their hands before meals (91.8% using soap). Most (91.8%) shower at least twice daily and brush their teeth at least twice daily.Conclusions: This rural community practices appropriate personal hygiene in line with the cultural norms and they have good sanitation.
Need of global student safety and insurance day observance: a suggestion
Authors: Reddy Muthyala Sudhakara , Vankayalapati Venkateswarlu 
Published: March 2020

Child injuries are a growing global public health problem that requires urgent attention. They are a significant area of concern from the age of one year, and progressively contribute more to overall rates of death until the children reach adulthood. So, the authors suggested ‘student safety and insurance (SSI) day observance’ globally in order to create awareness against prevention of unintentional injuries (UII) and provision of SSI. The review focussed on estimation of the burden and causes of UIIs among students, determination of association of UIIs with socioeconomic factors, identification of the student safety day/week and SSI policies. A descriptive analysis of the articles published in various journals on UIIs among the students across the globe was undertaken. A systematic, predetermined strategy was undertaken for data collection, collation, compilation and assimilation. The authors found that the road traffic injuries alone are leading cause of death among 15-19 and the second leading cause among 10-14 years old (WHO-2008). In addition, millions of children require hospital care for non-fatal injuries. Many are left with some form of disability, often with lifelong consequences. Dr. Gururaj estimated that nearly 100,000 children died every year in India among 2,000,000 hospitalized. Certain universities/nations are observing student safety week. The authors concluded that children are particularly vulnerable group, either directly through being injured themselves or indirectly through the loss of parents. So, a convergent and cost benefit new initiative ‘global student safety and insurance day observance’ suggested every year in order to prevent all UIIs and to provide insurance.
Clinical and epidemiological aspects of an outbreak of viral hepatitis E in a training centre
Authors: Pardal Maninder Pal Singh , . Rajiva , Rath T. K. , Mustafa M. S. 
Published: March 2020

Background: HEV infection is responsible for half of all outbreaks of acute liver disease in endemic areas. The present study deals with eighty eight cases of faeces orally transmitted Hepatitis E virus (HEV) in a regimental training center in South India in October 2016 to November 2016.Methods: Methodology and case definitions which were used for confirmed case and presumptive case of viral hepatitis were same as those which were used by Singh et al in their study. Surveillance data for all the cases was reviewed. The outbreak was described in terms of person, place and time. A sanitary survey carried out to detect the likely sources of contamination of water and to study the methods of sewage disposal with regards to septic tanks/soak pits.Results: Out of eighty-eight cases, two persons were HBsAg +ve, five were positive for both Hepatitis A and E, sixty-eight were positive for hepatitis E, five were positive for Hepatitis A, 8 persons were found negative for all the above hepatitis viruses. Overflow of sewage with foul smell and leaking water pipeline in 2 places were observed in the unit area. The overall attack rate was 27.69%.Conclusions: The present outbreak was due to faecal contamination of drinking water supplied to the regimental centre, which occurred due to old and corroded leaking pipelines in close proximity to old sewage lines having leakage through their walls. Medical authorities should maintain surveillance for all water and food borne diseases.
Burden among family caregivers of breast cancer patients in north coastal Andhra Pradesh: a hospital based cross-sectional study
Authors: Kajana Venkata Phani Madhavi , Katta Amaleswari , Bhimarasetty Devi Madhavi 
Published: March 2020

Background: A large number of patients with chronic diseases like cancer are cared for in homes by the family members. The vital role that these family members play as “caregivers” is well recognized. However, the burden on them is poorly understood. The objective of the study was to assess the caregiving burden among family caregivers of breast cancer patients and to explore the factors associated with high levels of caregiving burden among family members of breast cancer patients.Methods: A cross-sectional, hospital based study was conducted in a tertiary health care setting in Visakhapatnam A total of 45 primary caregivers who were accompanying the breast cancer patients to the Government Hospital were interviewed using Zarit burden interview. The socio demographic variables of the care givers like age, gender, occupation, income, relation with the patient were also obtained. Informed consent was obtained from the caregiver. Data analysis: Data was entered in the MS Excel spread sheet and it was analysed using SPSS software version 21.0.Results: The study population consisted of 26 (57.7%) males and 19 (42.3%) female caregivers. Very few 4 (9%) caregivers reported with no or mild burden during care giving. Majority 18 (40%) of the caregivers reported with mild to moderate burden, whereas 18 (40%) of the caregivers reported with moderate to severe burden. Few 5 (11%) reported with severe burden. Financial factors and uncertainty regarding the illness of the patient are associated with more burden.Conclusions: There is high burden among caregivers of cancer patients which should be addressed.
Análisis Filogenético de Secuencias ITS Provenientes de Hongos Endófitos Utilizando Inferencia Bayesiana Paralela de Árboles con Exabayes
Authors: Montero-Vargas Maripaz , Umaña-Jiménez Jean Carlo , Escudero-Leiva Efraín , Chaverri-Echandi Priscila 
Published: March 2020

Los estudios ecológicos de las comunidades fúngicas se han visto favorecidos gracias a la aparición y mejora de técnicas independientes de cultivo que utilizan la región ITS como marcador molecular. Esto ha permitido una identificación más precisa en comparación con los métodos tradicionales dependientes de la cultura.
Las técnicas de secuenciación de próxima generación han aumentado la cantidad de datos disponibles para la comprensión de las comunidades de hongos endofíticos. Una parte importante de este proceso es la inferencia filogenética para descifrar cómo se relacionan e interactúan los diferentes taxones, sin embargo, este puede convertirse en uno de los análisis bioinformáticos que exige más tiempo.
En respuesta a esto, la bioinformática junto con la informática de alto rendimiento ofrecen soluciones para acelerar y hacer más eficientes las herramientas disponibles para el procesamiento de datos a través de la implementación de supercomputadoras y la paralelización de herramientas.
En este estudio llevamos a cabo el procesamiento de secuencias ITS para luego utilizar la paralelización de Exabayes, software especializado en el análisis y creación de árboles filogenéticos.
Gracias al uso de esta técnica, fue posible reducir el tiempo de ejecución de Exabayes de más de 400 horas a 6 horas, lo que demuestra los beneficios del uso de plataformas informáticas de alto rendimiento.
Optimización de datos en sistemas de monitoreo hídrico de nitratos
Authors: Hernández-Alpizar Laura , Carrasquilla-Batista Arys , Sancho-Chavarría Lilliana 
Published: March 2020

Actividades antropogénicas, tal como la fertilización intensiva, generan un aumento en la concentración de nitratos de los sistemas hídricos que puede provocar contaminación en aguas de consumo humano y eutrofización en aguas superficiales. El análisis de muestras discretas revela diferencias espaciales en la concentración, pero un análisis continuo proporciona más información acerca del origen, la dinámica hidrológica, el transporte y procesamiento de los nitratos. Sin embargo, la frecuencia, el periodo y la calidad de los datos deben ser optimizados de acuerdo con el objetivo de investigación, ya que, un monitoreo continuo implica un alto consumo instrumental y una gran generación de datos que puede no aportar información relevante para el objetivo. La espectroscopía UV con análisis en flujo continuo es una técnica que de forma directa cuantifica la concentración de nitratos y se adapta bien a un monitoreo de alta resolución. En este trabajo se plantea el diseño de un sistema que utiliza este tipo de análisis acoplado a un sensor de conductividad, el cual se utiliza como disparador de frecuencia de muestreo. Además, se implementa el uso de Internet de las Cosas (IoT) tanto para realizar procesos de configuración en la toma de datos como para el accionamiento electromecánico remoto lo que permite un ajuste manual o automático en la obtención de datos y consecuentemente, de la información temporal y espacial requerida para el estudio de nitratos en el recurso hídrico.
Flora Fauna Biodiversity and CSR Implementation in the Mangrove Ecosystem of Bagan Serdang Village, North Sumatra Province.
Authors: Muhtadi Ahmad , Leidonald Rusdi , Triwibowo Kamto , Azmi Nurul 
Published: March 2020

HighlightsMangrove sampling was conducted to use the "spot check" methodMangrove ecosystem of Bagan Serdang Village was categorized damaged Diversity of mangroves in the Bagan Serdang Village mangrove ecosystem was categorized moderate, but diversity of aquatic organisms was higher than the mangrove.Pertamina's CSR activities had an impact on environmental sustainability such as a habitat for various fauna and improving the community's economyAbstractInformation about mangrove and fauna biodiversity in Bagan Serdang Village is essential to be studied as a basis for assessing the management and utilization potential of mangrove. This information could be used as a reference in sustainable mangrove management. This study aims to determine the biodiversity of flora and fauna in the mangrove ecosystem of Bagan Serdang Village. The research location is divided into three areas, with three observation points. The study was conducted in August-September 2019. The sampling of mangroves was carried out using the Spot Check Method. The results showed that the types of mangroves found were 18 species from 12 families consisting of 14 species of true mangrove and four types of associated mangroves while the fauna found in the mangrove ecosystem of Bagan Serdang Village was 16 species of fish, nine species of crustaceans, 13 species of mollusks, four species of birds, one species of reptile, one species of mammal and one species of horse shoe crab. The results of the mangroves analysis in the Bagan Serdang Village’s mangrove ecosystem, including in moderate heading to damage condition. This could be seen from the death of several trees and the flourishing of A. ilicifolius species as a marker of mangrove, which tends to be damaged. The diversity of mangroves in the Bagan Serdang Village is lower (1.63) compared to aquatic organisms that reach 2.09 - 2.44. Corporate responsibility or CSR that PT Pertamina (Persero) TBBM Medan Group carried out in the village of Bagan Serdang with mangrove planting activities and ecotourism, as well as the development of processed mangrove products, could increase the value of diversity and increase the economy of the surrounding community.
LATE CRETACEOUS METHANE SEEPS AS HABITATS FOR NEWLY HATCHED AMMONITES
Authors: ROWE ALISON J. , LANDMAN NEIL H. , COCHRAN J. KIRK , WITTS JAMES D. , GARB MATTHEW P. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Cold methane seeps were common in the Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway of North America. They provided a habitat for a diverse array of fauna including ammonites. Recent research has demonstrated that ammonites lived at these sites. However, it is still unknown if they hatched at the seeps or only arrived there later in ontogeny. To answer this question, we documented the abundance and size distribution of small specimens of Baculites and Hoploscaphites at eight seep sites in the Pierre Shale of South Dakota. The specimens of Hoploscaphites range from 0.8 to 8.1 mm in shell diameter, with most of them falling between 1 and 1.5 mm. The specimens of Baculites range from 0.7 to 19.2 mm in length, with most specimens falling between 6 and 8 mm. The small size and morphology of these specimens indicate that they are neanoconchs, that is, newly hatched individuals that lived for a short time after hatching. We also analyzed the isotope composition (δ13C and δ18O) of 12 small specimens of Baculites and one specimen of Hoploscaphites with excellent shell preservation from one seep deposit. The values of δ13C and δ18O range from -16.3 to -2.5‰ and -3.0 to -0.9‰, respectively. The values of δ18O translate into temperatures of 19–28°C, which are comparable to previous estimates of the temperatures of the Western Interior Seaway. The low values of δ13C suggest that the tiny animals incorporated carbon derived from anaerobic oxidation of 12C-enriched methane into their shells. Evidently, they must have lived in close proximity to seep fluids emerging at the sediment-water interface and the associated microbial food web. However, this may have contributed to their demise if they were exposed to elevated concentrations of H2S derived from the anaerobic oxidation of methane.
Development of Solar Accumulating Drying Equipment Based on the Theoretical Studies of Solar Energy Accumulation
Authors: Safarov J. E. , Sultanova Sh. A. , Dadayev G. T. 
Published: March 2020

The process of heating a dewatered object in an infrared solar drying plant (with paraffin on the bottom) with solar energy storage is considered. To solve this problem, it is assumed that the heat capacity of paraffin exceeds the heat capacity of the dehydrated object. Infrared rays fall on the upper layer, and heat exchange takes place due to heat and mass transfer with the surface air located between the metal plate and the object to be dehydrated. The equations of thermal conductivity for a dewatered object are given, its relationship at the phase interface is determined using the equality of temperature and heat flow. For an exposure of overheating with a period of 6.5 h, the time of passage of the phase boundary in accordance with the law of motion of the spreading (hardening), was determined according to the formula of ξ = α √6,5 h ≅ 12 h.The optimal thickness of the accumulating paraffin layer was ascertained. On the basis of the theoretical studies, experiments were conducted to study the temperature field of various heataccumulating materials in the laboratory of Tashkent State Technical University. It was found that of all heat-accumulating materials, paraffin has the best heat retention ability when its thickness is of 2–4 cm. The optimal variant of a solar accumulator drying plant with a heat accumulator, viz. paraffin has been designed. In particular, 2–4 cm of paraffin layer with a mass of 50 kg with a corresponding flat surface in terms of specific heat of evaporation is 2400 kJ/kg. The specific melting value of paraffin (150 kJ/kg) allows additional evaporation of 5.8 l of moisture when drying objects. The proposed solar accumulator drying plant can be used for dehydration of medicinal herbs.
Análisis de la práctica educativa con Sistemas de Información Geográfica a través de la perspectiva de los profesores en Baden-Württemberg, Alemania
Authors: Nieto Gustavo , Siegmund Alexander 
Published: March 2020

Con el objetivo de analizar la frecuencia de uso de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) en la Geografía de la educación secundaria, los temas tratados y los factores que afectan a estas herramientas, se realizó una encuesta online en el curso 2014-2015 con una muestra de 146 profesores. Los resultados mostraron un uso esporádico de los Web SIG, una formación autodidacta y que los SIG se utilizan para tratar problemas espaciales complejos. Como resultado, es necesario simplificar el uso de los SIG educativos, modificar el plan de estudios y adaptar el software para aumentar su uso.
The impact of medication reviews conducted in primary care on hospital admissions and mortality - an observational follow up of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nymberg Veronica Milos , Lenander Cecilia , Bolmsjö Beata Borgström 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Drug-related problems among the elderly population are common and increasing. Multi-professional medication reviews (MRs) have arisen as a method to optimize drug therapy for frail elderly patients. Research has not yet been able to show conclusive evidence of the effect of MRs on mortality or hospital admissions.
Aim
The aim of this study was to assess the impact of MRs’ on hospital admissions and mortality after six and 12 months in a frail population of 369 patients in primary care in a randomized controlled study.

Methods
Patients were blindly randomized to an intervention group (receiving MRs) and a control group (receiving usual care). Descriptive data on mortality and hospital admissions at six and 12 months were collected. Survival analysis was performed for time to death and time to the first hospital admission within 12 months.

Results
Of the total number of 369 included patients, 182 were randomized to the intervention group and 187 to the control group. Most of the patients (75%) were females and lived in nursing homes. At six months, 50 patients of the baseline population (27%) in the control group had been admitted to hospital at least once, compared to 40 patients (21%) in the intervention group. At 12 months, the percentage had increased to 70 (37%) in the control group compared to 53 (29%) in the intervention group. Compared to usual care, we found that MRs reduced the risk of hospital admissions within 12 months by 42% (HR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.37-0.92), but found no difference on mortality (HR = 1.12, 95% CI 0.78-1.61) between the groups.
Conclusion
We suggest that MRs should be recommended in the care of frail elderly patients with expected benefits on delayed hospital admissions.
No association between the Ser9Gly polymorphism of the dopamine receptor D3 gene and schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of family-based association studies
Authors: Li Xiao-na , Zheng Ji-long , Wei Xiao-han , Wang Bao-jie , Yao Jun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Ser9Gly (rs6280) is a functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the human dopamine receptor D3 gene (DRD3). It is still controversial whether Ser9Gly is involved in the occurrence of schizophrenia. While there has been meta-analysis performed previously, that work did not include the family-based studies, which accounted for stratification bias. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis of family-based studies to explore the role of Ser9Gly in the etiology of schizophrenia. Methods: The published family-based association studies were retrieved from the relevant literature databases according to the established inclusion criteria. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to determine the strength of the relationship between Ser9Gly SNP and the occurrence of schizophrenia. Moreover, subgroup analysis was carried out by ethnicity (i.e., East Asian, Caucasian, and other populations). Results: We finally pooled up 13 family-based association studies between Ser9Gly SNP and schizophrenia. It contained 11 transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) studies with 1219 informative meiosis and 5 haplotype-based haplotype relative risk (HRR) studies. There was no statistical significance for the heterogeneity in TDT and HRR studies. Therefore, the fixed effect model was used to measure the pooled effect size. The results showed that this association was significantly protective in East Asian in TDT studies (204 informative meiosis, OR=0.744, 95% CI = 0.564-0.980, Z-value = -2.104, p = 0.035). Conclusions: Our meta-analysis found no association between DRD3 gene Ser9Gly polymorphism and the risk of schizophrenia. These data provide possible avenues for future family-based studies related to schizophrenia.
Implementation of a new program of gestational diabetes screening and management in Morocco: A qualitative exploration of health workers’ perceptions
Authors: Utz Bettina , Assarag Bouchra , Lekhal Touria , Damme Wim Van , De Brouwere Vincent 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with an increased risk for a future type 2 diabetes mellitus in women and their children. As linkage between maternal health and non-communicable diseases, antenatal care plays a key role in the primary and secondary prevention of GDM associated adverse outcomes. While implementing a locally adapted GDM screening and management approach through antenatal care services at the primary level of care, we assessed its acceptability by the implementing health care providers. Methods : As part of a larger implementation effectiveness study assessing a decentralized gestational diabetes screening and management approach in the prefecture of Marrakech and the rural district of Al Haouz in Morocco, we conducted four focus group discussions with 29 primary health care providers and seven in-depth interviews with national and regional key informants. After transcription of data, we thematically analysed the data using a combined deductive and inductive approach. Results: The intervention of screening and managing women with gestational diabetes added value to existing antenatal care services but presented an additional workload for first line health care providers. An existing lack of knowledge about gestational diabetes in the community and among private health care physicians required of public providers to spend more time on counselling women. Nurses had to adapt recommendation on diet to the socio-economic context of patients. Despite the additional task, especially nurses and midwives felt motivated by their gained capacity to detect and manage gestational diabetes, and to take decisions on treatment and follow-up. Conclusions : Detection and initial management of gestational diabetes is an acceptable strategy to extend the antenatal care service offer in Morocco and to facilitate service access for affected pregnant women. Despite its additional workload, gestational diabetes management can contribute to the professional motivation of primary level health care providers.