bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Invasive aortic pulse pressure is not superior to cuff pulse pressure in cardiovascular risk prediction
Authors: Laugesen Esben , Knudsen Søren T. , Hansen Klavs W. , Rossen Niklas B. , Jensen Lisette Okkels , Hansen Michael S. , Andersen Lone K. , Thomsen Kristian K. , Søndergaard Hanne , Böttcher Morten , Raungaard Bent , Olesen Kevin K.W. , Mæng Michael , Bøtker Hans Erik , Poulsen Per L. 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
Aortic pulse pressure (PP) represents the hemodynamic cardiac and cerebral burden more directly than cuff PP. The objective of this study was to investigate whether invasively measured aortic PP confers additional prognostic value beyond cuff PP for cardiovascular events and death. With increasing age, cuff PP progressively underestimates aortic PP. Whether the prognostic association between cuff PP and outcomes is age-dependent remains to be elucidated.

Methods:
Cuff PP and invasively measured aortic PP were recorded in 21 908 patients (mean age 63 years, 58% men, 14% with diabetes) with stable angina pectoris undergoing elective coronary angiography during January 2001--December 2012. Multivariate Cox models were used to assess the association with incident myocardial infarction, stroke, and death. Discrimination was assessed using Harrell's C-index.

Results:
During a median follow-up period of 3.7 years (range 0.1–10.8 years), 422 strokes, 511 myocardial infarctions, and 1530 deaths occurred. Both cuff and aortic PP were associated with stroke, myocardial infarction, and death in crude analyses. However, only cuff PP remained associated with stroke (hazard ratio per 10 mmHg, 1.06 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01--1.12)] and myocardial infarction [hazard ratio per 10 mmHg 1.05 (95% CI 1.01--1.11)] in multivariate Cox models. Both cuff and aortic PP lost significance as predictors of death in multivariate models. Age did not modify the prognostic association between cuff PP and stroke, myocardial infarction, and death.

Conclusion:
Invasively measured aortic PP did not add prognostic information about cardiovascular outcomes and death beyond cuff PP in patients with stable angina pectoris.
Predictors for 30-Day Readmissions After Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Pollifrone Maria , Callender Librada , Bennett Monica , Driver Simon , Petrey Laura , Hamilton Rita , Dubiel Rosemary 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
To examine predictors for 30-day readmission post-onset of traumatic brain injury (TBI) after initial trauma hospitalization.

Design:
Retrospective cohort.

Participants:
In total, 5284 patients with an acute TBI admitted from January 1, 2006, through December 31, 2015.

Methods:
Demographic and clinical data after initial TBI onset were extracted from the local trauma registry and matched with the Dallas-Fort Worth Hospital Council registry. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors significantly associated with 30-day readmission. Top diagnosis codes for 30-day readmission were also described.

Results:
Patients were primarily male (64.6%), non-Hispanic White (47.6%), uninsured (35.4%), and aged 46.1 ± 23.3 years. In total, 448 patients (8.5%) had a 30-day readmission. Median cumulative charges for each readmitted subject was $34 313. Factors significantly associated with 30-day readmission were falling as the cause of injury, having increased Charlson Comorbidity Index and Injury Severity Score, and discharging to a skilled nursing facility or long-term acute care. Being uninsured was associated with decreased odds of a 30-day readmission. Top diagnosis codes among the readmission visits included cardiac codes (57.7%), fluid and acid-base disorders (54.8%), and hypertension (50.1%).

Conclusion:
These data highlight those at risk for 30-day readmission across a diverse population of TBI at a large medical center. Interventions such as health literacy education or patient navigation may help mitigate 30-day readmission for at-risk patients.
Perceptual Cognitive Training Does Not Improve Clinical Outcomes at 4 and 12 Weeks Following Concussion in Children and Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Teel Elizabeth , Brossard-Racine Marie , Corbin-Berrigan Laurie-Ann , Gagnon Isabelle 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
To determine whether a perceptual-cognitive training program using 3D-multiple object tracking (3D-MOT) can improve symptoms following acute pediatric concussion.

Setting:
Research laboratory within a pediatric trauma center.

Participants:
Children and adolescents (n = 62, age= 13.27 ± 2.50) with diagnosed concussion.

Design:
Randomized controlled trial. Children were randomized into either 3D-MOT, 2048 game, or standard care-only groups. Participants and parents completed the Post-Concussion Symptom Inventory (PCSI) at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 weeks postinjury. Intervention participants completed either the 3D-MOT protocol or the 2048 game at 6 sessions between the baseline and 4-week assessment.

Main Measures:
A 3 (group) × 10 (time) mixed-model analysis of variance evaluated PCSI total scores. The rate of persistent postconcussive symptom (PPCS) was evaluated at 4 weeks using χ2 analysis.

Results:
Symptoms decreased throughout the study using both child-reported (F
(9,374) = 22.03, P < .001) and parent-reported scores (F
(9,370) = 28.06, P < .001). Twenty-four (44.4%) children met the study definition for PPCS using the child-reported PCSI, while 20 (37.7%) children had PPCS using parent reports. The intervention did not significantly affect symptom resolution or PPCS rates.

Conclusion:
There is no benefit to prescribing 3D-MOT training for acute rehabilitation in pediatric patients with concussion and clinicians should instead focus on more effective programs.
Intracranial Abnormalities Are Associated With Fewer Self-Reported Symptoms in Military Service Members Following Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Trotta Jenna K. , Ekanayake Vindhya , Ettenhofer Mark L. , Hungerford Lars D. , Lange Rael T. , Bailie Jason M. , Brickell Tracey A. , Kennedy Jan E. , French Louis M. 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
This study examined the relationship between intracranial abnormalities (ICAs) and self-reported neurobehavioral and posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms in members of the military with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (msTBI).

Method:
Participants included 539 members of the US military with nonpenetrating msTBI. Self-reported neurobehavioral and PTS symptoms were assessed using the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory and the PTSD Checklist–Civilian Version. ICAs were categorized as present/absent (by subtype) based upon medical record review. Spearman rank-order correlations and stepwise multiple regression analyses examined univariate and combined predictive relationships between ICAs and self-reported symptoms.

Results:
The presence of any ICA was associated with reduced self-reported neurobehavioral and PTS symptoms. ICA-associated reductions were largest for PTS, followed by affective and cognitive neurobehavioral symptoms, and relatively weak for somatic/sensory and vestibular symptoms. Effects of different types of ICAs were comparable. Greater time since injury was related to greater symptom report, whereas duration of loss of consciousness and posttraumatic amnesia were not consistently related to self-reported symptoms.

Conclusions:
Results suggest that ICAs are associated with suppression of reported PTS and neurobehavioral symptoms—potentially via reduction in self-awareness. These findings support comprehensive, objective evaluation to identify impairments in self-awareness and functioning in msTBI patients.
Comparison of 1-Year Outcomes Between Small Incision Lenticule Extraction With Prophylactic Cross-Linking and Femtosecond Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis With Prophylactic Cross-Linking
Authors: Liu Chunlei , Wang Zheng , Wu De , Luo Tian , Su Yun , Mo Junbai , Fang Xuejun 
Published: November 2020

Purpose:
To compare small incision lenticule extraction with prophylactic cross-linking (SMILE Xtra) and femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis with prophylactic cross-linking (FS-LASIK Xtra) in their safety, efficacy, predictability, and stability.

Methods:
This is a prospective cohort study. Forty-eight eyes subjected to SMILE Xtra and 90 eyes subjected to FS-LASIK Xtra were enrolled. The enrolled eyes exhibited either borderline corneal topography or high myopia with thin cornea. The following parameters were evaluated before surgery and at 1 day; 1 week; and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery: corrected distance visual acuity, uncorrected distance visual acuity, manifest refractive spherical equivalent (MRSE), keratometry values, and thinnest corneal thickness.

Results:
After 1 month, no eye showed loss of 1 or more lines of corrected distance visual acuity. At 12 months, uncorrected distance visual acuity was 20/20 or better for 98% and 99% eyes in the SMILE Xtra and FS-LASIK Xtra groups, respectively (P = 0.657). For 93.8% eyes in the SMILE Xtra group and 90% eyes in the FS-LASIK Xtra group, the achieved MRSE was within ±0.50 diopter of the intended MRSE (P = 0.669). The correlation coefficients for predictability of MRSE correction by SMILE Xtra and FS-LASIK Xtra were 0.987 and 0.983, respectively. The mean MRSE values, keratometry values, and thinnest corneal thickness measured at the different time points showed no significant intra- or intergroup differences.

Conclusions:
Our evaluations of 1-year outcomes suggest that the safety, efficacy, predictability, and stability of SMILE Xtra are comparable with those of FS-LASIK Xtra.
Cluster of Post-Operative Endophthalmitis Caused by Acanthamoeba T10 Genotype – A First Report
Authors: Rammohan Ram , Hajib Naraharirao Madhavan , Veerappan Saravanan , Vijayaraghavan Prabhu , Rajaraman Revathi , Manayath George J. , Dsouza Palmeera , Radhakrishnan Shanthi , Venkatapathy Narendran , Lakshmipathi Dhanurekha , Madhuravasal Krishnan Janani , Raghavan Anita 
Published: November 2020

Purpose:
To report a cluster of postoperative Acanthamoeba endophthalmitis after routine cataract surgeries.

Methods:
A brief summary of sentinel events leading to the referral of 4 patients of postoperative endophthalmitis to our hospital is followed by clinical descriptions and the various diagnostic approaches and interventions used. Genotyping and phylogenetic analysis are also discussed.

Results:
Four cases of postoperative cluster endophthalmitis, presumed to be bacterial and treated as such, were referred to our hospital. The presence of an atypical ring infiltrate in the first case facilitated the diagnosis of Acanthamoeba endophthalmitis. All patients had vitritis, corneal involvement, and scleral inflammation. Multiple diagnostic methods, such as corneal scrapings, confocal microscopy, aqueous and vitreous taps, scleral abscess drainage, histopathological studies, polymerase chain reaction, and genotyping and phylogenetic analyses of isolated Acanthamoeba, were used to confirm the diagnosis of endophthalmitis and to establish the extent of ocular involvement. Various medical and therapeutic interventions used to control the infections were also documented. The isolated Acanthamoeba were confirmed as belonging to the T10 genotype, an environmentally and clinically rare variety.

Conclusions:
This is the first report of a cluster of postoperative T10 genotype Acanthamoeba endophthalmitis, occurring after routine cataract surgery in immunocompetent individuals. Contrary to current perceptions, a rapidly evolving infection can occur with Acanthamoeba.
Health Effects of Night and Irregular Shiftwork
Authors: Davis Mary E. 
Published: November 2020

Objectives:
Evidence suggests that shiftwork results in adverse occupational health outcomes. This paper contributes to the literature by estimating the separate health effects of night and irregular shiftwork on a longitudinal panel of US workers.

Methods:
Data from a 20-year panel of worker surveys from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth were used to predict self-reported health limitations related to night and irregular shiftwork using a series of random effects logit models.

Results:
Separate and combined specifications of shiftwork as night and irregular effort significantly increase the odds of health limitations compared with working a regular daytime schedule, with more pronounced effects for irregular work (odds ratio [OR] = 1.09 to 1.52) over night shift (OR = 1.03 to 1.14).

Conclusions:
The results suggest that both night and irregular shiftwork may have important negative implications on occupational health, with the deleterious effects particularly pronounced for irregularly scheduled work effort.
Machine Learning for Surgical Phase Recognition
Authors: Garrow Carly R. , Kowalewski Karl-Friedrich , Li Linhong , Wagner Martin , Schmidt Mona W. , Engelhardt Sandy , Hashimoto Daniel A. , Kenngott Hannes G. , Bodenstedt Sebastian , Speidel Stefanie , Müller-Stich Beat P. , Nickel Felix 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
To provide an overview of ML models and data streams utilized for automated surgical phase recognition.

Background:
Phase recognition identifies different steps and phases of an operation. ML is an evolving technology that allows analysis and interpretation of huge data sets. Automation of phase recognition based on data inputs is essential for optimization of workflow, surgical training, intraoperative assistance, patient safety, and efficiency.

Methods:
A systematic review was performed according to the Cochrane recommendations and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. PubMed, Web of Science, IEEExplore, GoogleScholar, and CiteSeerX were searched. Literature describing phase recognition based on ML models and the capture of intraoperative signals during general surgery procedures was included.

Results:
A total of 2254 titles/abstracts were screened, and 35 full-texts were included. Most commonly used ML models were Hidden Markov Models and Artificial Neural Networks with a trend towards higher complexity over time. Most frequently used data types were feature learning from surgical videos and manual annotation of instrument use. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was used most commonly, often achieving accuracy rates over 90%, though there was no consistent standardization of defined phases.

Conclusions:
ML for surgical phase recognition can be performed with high accuracy, depending on the model, data type, and complexity of surgery. Different intraoperative data inputs such as video and instrument type can successfully be used. Most ML models still require significant amounts of manual expert annotations for training. The ML models may drive surgical workflow towards standardization, efficiency, and objectiveness to improve patient outcome in the future.

Registration PROSPERO:
CRD42018108907
COHD-COVID: Columbia Open Health Data for COVID-19 Research
Authors: Lee Junghwan , Kim Jae Hyun , Liu Cong , Hripcsak George , Ta Casey , Weng Chunhua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMassive research efforts have been made in response to the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-2019) pandemic. Utilization of clinical data can accelerate these research efforts to fight against the pandemic since important characteristics of the patients are often found by examining the clinical data. To provide shareable clinical data to catalyze COVID-19 research, we present Columbia Open Health Data for COVID-19 Research (COHD-COVID), a publicly accessible database providing clinical concept prevalence, clinical concept co-occurrence, and clinical symptom prevalence for hospitalized COVID-19 patients. COHD-COVID also provides data on hospitalized influenza patients and general hospitalized patients as comparator cohorts. The data used in COHD-COVID were obtained from Columbia University Irving Medical Center’s electronic health records. We expect COHD-COVID will provide researchers and clinicians quantitative measures of COVID-19 related clinical features to better understand and fight against the pandemic.
COVID-19: more than “a little flu”? Insights from the Swiss hospital-based surveillance of Influenza and COVID-19
Authors: Fröhlich Georg Marcus , De Kraker Marlieke E. A. , Abbas Mohammed , Keiser Olivia , Thiabaud Amaury , Roulens Maroussia , Cusini Alexia , Flury Domenica , Schreiber Peter W. , Buettcher Michael , Corti Natascia , Vuichard-Gysin Danielle , Troillet Nicolas , Sauser Julien , Gaudenz Roman , Damonti Lauro , Balmelli Carlo , Iten Anne , Widmer Andreas , Harbarth Stephan , Sommerstein Rami 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has frequently been colloquially compared to the seasonal influenza, but comparisons based on empirical data are scarce.AimsTo compare in-hospital outcomes for patients admitted with community-acquired COVID-19 to patients with community-acquired influenza in Switzerland.MethodsPatients >18 years, who were admitted with PCR proven COVID-19 or influenza A/B infection to 14 participating Swiss hospitals were included in a prospective surveillance. Primary and secondary outcomes were the in-hospital mortality and intensive care unit (ICU) admission between influenza and COVID-19 patients. We used Cox regression (cause-specific models, and Fine & Gray subdistribution) to account for time-dependency and competing events with inverse probability weighting to account for confounders.ResultsIn 2020, 2843 patients with COVID-19 were included from 14 centers and in years 2018 to 2020, 1361 patients with influenza were recruited in 7 centers. Patients with COVID-19 were predominantly male (n=1722, 61% vs. 666 influenza patients, 48%, p<0.001) and were younger than influenza patients (median 67 years IQR 54-78 vs. median 74 years IQR 61-84, p<0.001). 363 patients (12.8%) died in-hospital with COVID-19 versus 61 (4.4%) patients with influenza (p<0.001). The final, adjusted subdistribution Hazard Ratio for mortality was 3.01 (95% CI 2.22-4.09, p<0.001) for COVID-19 compared to influenza, and 2.44 (95% CI, 2.00-3.00, p<0.001) for ICU admission.ConclusionEven in a national healthcare system with sufficient human and financial resources, community-acquired COVID-19 was associated with worse outcomes compared to community-acquired influenza, as the hazards of in-hospital death and ICU admission were ∼3-fold higher.
The decrease in hospitalizations for transient ischemic attack and ischemic stroke, especially in mild cases, during the COVID-19 epidemic in Japan
Authors: Nagano Hiroyuki , Takada Daisuke , Shin Jung-ho , Morishita Tetsuji , Kunisawa Susumu , Imanaka Yuichi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe epidemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected health care systems globally. The aim of our study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on hospital admissions for stroke in Japan.MethodsWe analyzed administrative (Diagnosis Procedure Combination) data for cases of inpatients aged 18 years and older who were diagnosed with stroke (ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), hemorrhagic stroke, or subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)) and discharged from hospital during the period July 1, 2018 to June 30, 2020. The number of patients with each stroke diagnosis, various patient characteristics, and treatment approaches were compared before and after the epidemic. Changes in the trend of the monthly number of inpatients with each stroke diagnosis were assessed using interrupted time-series analyses.ResultsA total of 111,922 cases (ischemic stroke: 74,897 cases; TIA: 5,374 cases; hemorrhagic stroke: 24,779 cases; SAH: 6,872 cases) in 253 hospitals were included. The number of cases for all types of stroke decreased (ischemic stroke: -13.9%; TIA: -21.4%; hemorrhagic stroke: -9.9%; SAH: -15.2%) in April and May 2020, compared to the number of cases in 2019. Ischemic stroke and TIA cases, especially mild cases (modified Rankin Scale = 0), decreased, with a statistically significant change in trend between the before- and after-epidemic periods.ConclusionsThese data showed a marked reduction in the number of hospital admissions due to stroke during the COVID-19 epidemic. The change in Ischemic stroke and TIA cases, especially mild cases, was statistically significant.
Altered heterosynaptic plasticity impairs visual discrimination learning in adenosine A1 receptor knockout mice
Authors: Chasse Renee , Malyshev Alexey , Fitch R. Holly , Volgushev Maxim 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTTheoretical and modeling studies demonstrate that heterosynaptic plasticity - changes at synapses inactive during induction - facilitates fine-grained discriminative learning in Hebbian-type systems, and helps to achieve a robust ability for repetitive learning. A dearth of tools for selective manipulation has hindered experimental analysis of the proposed role of heterosynaptic plasticity in behavior. Here we circumvent this obstacle by testing specific predictions about changes in heterosynaptic plasticity, and associated behavioral consequences, following experimental manipulation of adenosine A1 receptors (A1R). We show that, compared to wild-type controls, A1R-knockout mice have impaired synaptic plasticity in visual cortex neurons, coupled with significant deficits in visual discrimination learning. Deficits in A1R-knockouts were seen specifically during re-learning, becoming progressively more apparent with learning on sequential visual discrimination tasks of increasing complexity. These behavioral results confirm our model predictions, and provide the first experimental evidence for a proposed role of heterosynaptic plasticity in learning.HighlightsSynaptic plasticity is impaired in visual cortex neurons in adenosine A1R knockout miceHomosynaptic and heterosynaptic plasticity in A1R KO mice is dominated by depressionLearning on sequential, increasingly complex visual tasks is impaired in A1R KO miceLearning deficits match predicted effects of impaired heterosynaptic plasticity