bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interplay Between Loewner and Dirichlet Energies via Conformal Welding and Flow-Lines
Authors: Viklund Fredrik , Wang Yilin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Loewner energy of a Jordan curve is the Dirichlet energy of its Loewner driving term. It is finite if and only if the curve is a Weil–Petersson quasicircle. In this paper, we describe cutting and welding operations on finite Dirichlet energy functions defined in the plane, allowing expression of the Loewner energy in terms of Dirichlet energy dissipation. We show that the Loewner energy of a unit vector field flow-line is equal to the Dirichlet energy of the harmonically extended winding. We also give an identity involving a complex-valued function of finite Dirichlet energy that expresses the welding and flow-line identities simultaneously. As applications, we prove that arclength isometric welding of two domains is sub-additive in the energy, and that the energy of equipotentials in a simply connected domain is monotone. Our main identities can be viewed as action functional analogs of both the welding and flow-line couplings of Schramm–Loewner evolution curves with the Gaussian free field.
Optimal isoperimetric inequalities for surfaces in any codimension in Cartan-Hadamard manifolds
Authors: Schulze Felix 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLet$$(M^n,g)$$(Mn,g)be simply connected, complete, with non-positive sectional curvatures, and$$\Sigma $$Σa 2-dimensional closed integral current (or flat chain mod 2) with compact support inM. LetSbe an area minimising integral 3-current (resp. flat chain mod 2) such that$$\partial S = \Sigma $$∂S=Σ. We use a weak mean curvature flow, obtained via elliptic regularisation, starting from$$\Sigma $$Σ, to show that S satisfies the optimal Euclidean isoperimetric inequality:$$ 6 \sqrt{\pi }\, \mathbf {M}[S] \le (\mathbf {M}[\Sigma ])^{3/2} $$6πM[S]≤(M[Σ])3/2. We also obtain an optimal estimate in case the sectional curvatures of M are bounded from above by$$-\kappa < 0$$-κ<0and characterise the case of equality. The proof follows from an almost monotonicity of a suitable isoperimetric difference along the approximating flows in one dimension higher and an optimal estimate for the Willmore energy of a 2-dimensional integral varifold with first variation summable in$$L^2$$L2.
Ein Botaniker in der Papiergeschichte: Offene und geschlossene Kooperationen in den Wissenschaften um 1900
Authors: Musil-Gutsch Josephine , Nickelsen Kärin 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Studie analysiert die Dynamik wissenschaftlicher Kooperation zwischen Natur- und Geisteswissenschaften an einem Beispiel aus der historischen Papierforschung in Wien um 1900. Im Mittelpunkt steht der Wiener Pflanzenphysiologe Julius Wiesner (1838–1916), der ab 1884 (und bis 1911) mittelalterliche Papiermanuskripte unter dem Mikroskop prüfte. Dies erfolgte in produktiver Zusammenarbeit mit Paläographen, Archäologen und Orientalisten (Josef Karabacek, Marc Aurel Stein, Rudolf Hoernle). Der Aufsatz untersucht, warum dies gelang und wie die Zusammenarbeit sich entwickelte. Wir unterscheiden dabei zwei Formen der Kooperation: Während Wiesner anfangs nur reaktiv zuarbeitete, in einer „geschlossenen Kooperation“, trat er später in „offene Kooperationen“ ein, in der beide Parteien die Fragen definieren und geeignete Methoden entwickeln. Diese Form der Kooperation erwies sich als besonders erfolgreich – zugleich war sie besonders anspruchsvoll, denn neben fachlicher Expertise erforderte sie erhebliche „Integrationsexpertise“ (Andersen 2016). Dies wurde begünstigt durch die lokale Konstellation in einer Umbruchphase der historischen Hilfswissenschaften. Wiesner konnte seine Kenntnisse der technischen Mikroskopie einbringen und gewann ein genuines Interesse an den historischen Fragen, während die Geisteswissenschaftler bereit waren, sich naturwissenschaftlichen Verfahren gegenüber zu öffnen und Wiesner letztlich als Papierhistoriker eigenen Rechts anzuerkennen.
T1-Weighted Intensity Increase After a Single Administration of a Linear Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agent in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Grahl S. , Bussas M. , Pongratz V. , Kirschke J. S. , Zimmer C. , Berthele A. , Hemmer B. , Mühlau M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Through analysis of T1-weighted (T1w) images this study investigated gadolinium (Gd) deposition in the brain after administration of a linear (gadopentetic acid) and a cyclic (gadoteric acid) gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), a disorder frequently requiring magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans over years.

Methods
A total of 3233 T1w images (unenhanced with respect to the same scanning session) of 881 MS patients were retrospectively analyzed. After spatial normalization and intensity scaling using a sphere within the pons, differences of all pairs of subsequent scans were calculated and attributed to either linear (n = 2718) or cyclic (n = 385) or no GBCA (n = 130) according to the first scan. Regional analyses were performed, focusing on the dentate nucleus, and whole brain analyses. By 1‑sample t‑tests, signal intensity increases within conditions were searched for; conditions were compared by 2‑sample t‑tests. Furthermore, recent hypotheses on the reversibility of GBCA deposition were tested.

Results
In the dentate nucleus, a significant increase was observed only after administration of linear GBCA even after a single GBCA administration. This increase differed significantly (p < 0.001) from the other conditions (cyclic and no GBCA). Whole brain analyses revealed T1w signal increases only after administration of linear GBCA within two regions, the dentate nucleus and globus pallidus. Additional analyses did not indicate any decline of Gd deposition in the brain.

Conclusion
The data point towards Gd deposition in the brain after administration of linear GBCA even after a single administration.
Efficacy of a certified modular ultrasound curriculum
Authors: Tomasi R. , Stark K. , Scheiermann P. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
In recent years, ultrasound (US) has become more incorporated into anesthesia and intensive care medicine. The German Anesthesia Society established a modular curriculum to teach US skills. Until now, the efficacy of this modular curriculum has not been validated.

Objective
The main objective of this study was to determine whether there is an increase of knowledge and of psychomotor skills for the trainees in this curriculum.

Material and methods
After ethical committee approval, 41 anesthesia physicians were enrolled. To determine the increase of knowledge and of practical skills theoretical and practical tests performed were evaluated before and after two different US courses.

Results
Comparing before and after course tests, the participants showed significant improvement in theoretical multiple choice tests (p = 0.008). Regarding psychomotor skills following course 1, the trainees improved significantly in the time needed to perform the two practical tests (p = 0.03), but not in the performance of the test. Better needle visualization during simulated US-guided vessel puncture (p = 0.52) and better identification of the anatomical structures in the axillary region (p = 0.56) could not be achieved.

Conclusion
This study shows that although this US course curriculum has positively enhanced the trainees’ theoretical knowledge of US practice, it does not enhance the practical application of that theoretical knowledge. To improve this curriculum, a supervised clinically practical training should follow the course.
Ist die Fachrichtung assoziiert mit der Selbstsicherheit im Umgang mit rationaler Antibiotikaverordnung?
Authors: Schneider F. , Schulz C. M. , May M. , Schneider G. , Jacob M. , Mutlak H. , Pawlik M. , Zoller M. , Kretzschmar M. , Koch C. , Kees M. G. , Burger M. , Lebentrau S. , Novotny A. , Hübler M. , Koch T. , Heim M. 
Published: February 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Vor dem Hintergrund einer stetig zunehmenden Gesundheitsgefährdung durch multiresistente Erreger spielt neben der Bevölkerungsaufklärung, der Fachkenntnis und der Fortbildung der Ärztinnen und Ärzte auch deren Selbstsicherheit eine Schlüsselrolle in der klinischen Entscheidungsfindung.

Ziel der Arbeit
Die Analyse soll den Einfluss der Fachrichtung auf Unterschiede der Selbstsicherheit im Umgang mit Antibiotika und in der Selbsteinschätzung des eigenen Wissens untersuchen.

Methodik
Im Jahr 2015 wurden 1061 Ärztinnen und Ärzte der Fachrichtungen Innere Medizin, Allgemeinchirurgie, Gynäkologie und Urologie mithilfe des MR2 (Multiinstitutional Reconnaissance of practice with MultiResistant bacteria)-Surveys über ihre Einstellung und ihr Wissen zu Antibiotika und multiresistenten Erregern befragt. Ein ähnlicher Fragebogen wurde 2017 an 1268 Ärzte der Anästhesiologie versendet. Es wurden vier Fragen zur eigenen Sicherheit in der Anwendung von Antibiotika und elf Fragen zur Einschätzung des eigenen Wissens über multiresistente Erreger und rationale Antibiotikatherapie ausgewertet. Der Einfluss der Fachrichtung auf diese Items wurde mittels einer logistischen Regressionsanalyse, eines „chi square tests“ und des Kruskal-Wallis-Tests untersucht.

Ergebnisse
Die Rücklaufquoten betrugen 43 % (456/1061) und 56 % (705/1268). Im Jahr vor der Umfrage haben 44 % der Nicht-Anästhesisten und 57 % der Anästhesisten keine Fortbildung zu Inhalten des Antibiotic Stewardships besucht. Im Hinblick auf die Selbstsicherheit im Umgang mit Antibiotika zeigten sich Anästhesisten (Mittelwert ± Standardabweichung: 2,53±0,54) signifikant unsicherer als ihre Kollegen (Innere Medizin: 3,10±0,50; Chirurgie: 2,97±0,44; Gynäkologie: 3,12±0,42; Urologie: 3,15±0,44); dies gilt sowohl für die nicht-adjustierten (alle p<0,001), als auch die adjustierten Vergleiche. Ähnliche Ergebnisse zeigten sich für die Selbsteinschätzung des eigenen Wissens. Facharztstatus und der Besuch von infektiologischen Fortbildungen waren signifikant mit einem besseren Selbstbewusstsein als auch einer höheren Selbsteinschätzung des eigenen Wissens assoziiert.

Schlussfolgerungen
Anästhesisten zeigten eine signifikant geringere Selbstsicherheit im Umgang mit Antibiotika als ihre Kollegen aus anderen Fachrichtungen. Fortbildungen zur rationalen Verordnung von Antibiotika waren mit einer höheren Handlungssicherheit assoziiert, so dass eine Verankerung in den jeweiligen Weiterbildungsinhalten zu diskutieren ist.
Early childhood and adolescent risk factors for psychotic depression in a general population birth cohort sample
Authors: Nietola Miika , Huovinen Hanna , Heiskala Anni , Nordström Tanja , Miettunen Jouko , Korkeila Jyrki , Jääskeläinen Erika 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground and purposeIn the group of severe mental disorders, psychotic depression (PD) is essentially under-researched. Knowledge about the risk factors is scarce and this applies especially to early risk factors. Our aim was to study early childhood and adolescent risk factors of PD in a representative birth cohort sample with a follow-up of up to 50 years.MethodsThe study was carried out using the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC 1966). We used non-psychotic depression (NPD) (n = 746), schizophrenia (SZ) (n = 195), psychotic bipolar disorder (PBD) (n = 27), other psychoses (PNOS) (n = 136) and healthy controls (HC) (n = 8200) as comparison groups for PD (n = 58). We analysed several potential early risk factors from time of birth until the age of 16 years.ResultsThe main finding was that parents’ psychiatric illness [HR 3.59 (1.84–7.04)] was a risk factor and a high sports grade in school was a protective factor [HR 0.29 (0.11–0.73)] for PD also after adjusting for covariates in the multivariate Cox regression model. Parental psychotic illness was an especially strong risk factor for PD. The PD subjects had a parent with psychiatric illness significantly more often (p < 0.05) than NPD subjects. Differences between PD and other disorder groups were otherwise small.ConclusionsA low sports grade in school may be a risk factor for PD. Psychiatric illnesses, especially psychoses, are common in the parents of PD subjects. A surprisingly low number of statistically significant risk factors may have resulted from the size of the PD sample and the underlying heterogeneity of the etiology of PD.
Characterizing sustainability in discrete time
Authors: Asheim Geir B. , Mitra Tapan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe examine the investment rule that must be satisfied by an efficient and egalitarian path in a discrete-time version of the Dasgupta–Heal–Solow model of capital accumulation and resource depletion. In the discrete-time model, competitive valuation of net investments in terms of early and late pricing differs. We redefine Hartwick’s rule to require zero value of net investments at a valuation rule intermediate between these two. Using this definition, we show that along an efficient and egalitarian path, Hartwick’s rule is followed in all time periods. We thereby establish the converse of Hartwick’s result in discrete time, and we do so under weaker assumptions than those in the existing literature on how output varies as a function of capital and resource use. Our redefinition of Hartwick’s rule follows naturally if discrete time is viewed as providing information at discrete points in time of an underlying continuous-time process.
MOG encephalomyelitis: distinct clinical, MRI and CSF features in patients with longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis as first clinical presentation
Authors: Loos Julia , Pfeuffer Steffen , Pape Katrin , Ruck Tobias , Luessi Felix , Spreer Annette , Zipp Frauke , Meuth Sven G. , Bittner Stefan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundBased on clinical, immunological and histopathological evidence, MOG-IgG-associated encephalomyelitis (MOG-EM) has emerged as a distinct disease entity different from multiple sclerosis (MS) and aquaporin-4-antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). MOG-EM is associated with a broader clinical phenotype including optic neuritis, myelitis, brainstem lesions and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis with a substantial clinical and radiological overlap to other demyelinating CNS disorders.ObjectiveTo evaluate common clinical, MRI and CSF findings, as well as therapy responses in patients with longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) as initial clinical presentation of MOG-EM.MethodsAfter excluding patients with a known diagnosis of MS, we identified 153 patients with myelitis of which 7 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were investigated for MRI, CSF and clinical parameters.ResultsPatients with LETM as first clinical presentation of MOG-EM display similar characteristics, namely a lack of gadolinium-enhancement in spinal cord MRI, marked pleocytosis, negative oligoclonal bands, a previous history of infections/vaccinations and response to antibody-depleting treatments for acute attacks and long-term treatment.ConclusionsWe identify common pathological findings in patients with LETM as first clinical presentation of MOG-EM which distinguishes it from other forms of LETM and should lead to testing for MOG-IgG in these cases.
Restoration of MARCK enhances chemosensitivity in cancer
Authors: Wenzel Tim , Büch Thomas , Urban Nicole , Weirauch Ulrike , Schierle Katrin , Aigner Achim , Schaefer Michael , Kalwa Hermann 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Increased ATP-binding-cassette (ABC) transporter activity is a major cause of chemotherapy resistance in cancer. The ABC transporter family member ABCB1 is often overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC). Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphat (PI(4,5)P2)-dependent pathways are involved in the regulation of ABCB1 function. The protein Myristoylated Alanine-Rich C-Kinase Substrate (MARCKS) is a pivotal regulator of PI(4,5)P2 and inactivated in many CRC cancers via genetic deletion or hyperphosphorylation. Therefore, MARCKS may critically impact ABCB1.

Methods
CRC samples as well as CRC cell lines were tested for a connection between MARCKS and ABCB1 via immunofluorescence and Western-blot analysis. ABCB1 function was studied via calcein influx assay under treatment with known ABCB1 inhibitors (verapamil, tariquidar) as well as the kinase inhibitor bosutinib. ABCB1 internalization and MARCKS translocation was analyzed via confocal microscopy exploiting the endocytosis inhibitors chlorpromazine and dynasore. Abundance of PI(4,5)P2 was monitored by intramolecular fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Reproductive cell survival was studied via colorimetric WST-1 and clonogenic assays in combination with exposure to the chemotherapeutics doxorubicin and 5-fuorouracil (5-FU).

Results
We found increased ABCB1 expression in MARCKS negative CRC patient tumor samples and established CRC cell lines. Mechanistically, the reconstitution of MARCKS function via recombinant expression or the pharmacological inhibition of MARCKS phosphorylation led to a substantial decrease in ABCB1 activity. In CRC cells, bosutinib treatment resulted in a MARCKS translocation from the cytosol to the plasma membrane, while simultaneously, ABCB1 was relocated to intracellular compartments. Inhibition of MARCKS phosphorylation via bosutinib rendered cells more sensitive to the chemotherapeutics doxorubicin and 5-FU.

Conclusions
Cells devoid of MARCKS function showed incomplete ABCB1 internalization, leading to higher ABCB1 activity enhancing chemoresistance. Vice versa our data suggest the prevention of MARCKS inhibition by reversing hyperphosphorylation or genomic restoration after deletion as two promising approaches to overcome tumor cell resistance towards chemotherapeutic ABCB1 substrates.
Two novel cases further expand the phenotype of TOR1AIP1-associated nuclear envelopathies
Authors: Lessel Ivana , Chen Mei-Jan , Lüttgen Sabine , Arndt Florian , Fuchs Sigrid , Meien Stefanie , Thiele Holger , Jones Julie R. , Shaw Brandon R. , Crossman David K. , Nürnberg Peter , Korf Bruce R. , Kubisch Christian , Lessel Davor 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBiallelic variants in TOR1AIP1, encoding the integral nuclear membrane protein LAP1 (lamina-associated polypeptide 1) with two functional isoforms LAP1B and LAP1C, have initially been linked to muscular dystrophies with variable cardiac and neurological impairment. Furthermore, a recurrent homozygous nonsense alteration, resulting in loss of both LAP1 isoforms, was identified in seven likely related individuals affected by multisystem anomalies with progeroid-like appearance and lethality within the 1st decade of life. Here, we have identified compound heterozygosity in TOR1AIP1 affecting both LAP1 isoforms in two unrelated individuals affected by congenital bilateral hearing loss, ventricular septal defect, bilateral cataracts, mild to moderate developmental delay, microcephaly, mandibular hypoplasia, short stature, progressive muscular atrophy, joint contractures and severe chronic heart failure, with much longer survival. Cellular characterization of primary fibroblasts of one affected individual revealed absence of both LAP1B and LAP1C, constitutively low lamin A/C levels, aberrant nuclear morphology including nuclear cytoplasmic channels, and premature senescence, comparable to findings in other progeroid forms of nuclear envelopathies. We additionally observed an abnormal activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2). Ectopic expression of wild-type TOR1AIP1 mitigated these cellular phenotypes, providing further evidence for the causal role of identified genetic variants. Altogether, we thus further expand the TOR1AIP1-associated phenotype by identifying individuals with biallelic loss-of-function variants who survived beyond the 1st decade of life and reveal novel molecular consequences underlying the TOR1AIP1-associated disorders.
Comparison of suicide risk and other outcomes among boys and girls who self-harm
Authors: Ohlis Anna , Bjureberg Johan , Lichtenstein Paul , D’Onofrio Brian M. , Fruzzetti Alan E. , Cederlöf Martin , Hellner Clara 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLittle is known about sex differences in outcomes of self-harm, and there are inconclusive results concerning the association between sex, self-harm, and suicide attempts. The aim of this study was to explore sex differences in outcomes of self-harm in adolescence. In this cohort study, all individuals (0–17 years) enrolled at the child- and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) in Stockholm between 2001 and 2015 (N = 110,072) were followed in national registers from their last contact with the CAMHS, until end of 2015. Exposure was self-harm as reason for contact, outcome measures were: alcohol-/substance use disorder, psychiatric hospitalization, non-violent or violent crime, and suicide. Differences in outcomes rates between exposed versus unexposed males, and exposed versus unexposed females, were examined using Cox regressions, expressed as hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Median follow-up time was 5.8 years (Q1: 2.3 years; Q3: 9.7 years). Self-harm was documented in 2.2% (N = 1241) males and 8.7% (4716) females. Exposed individuals had higher HR for all outcomes as compared with unexposed individuals of their own sex. Exposed females had more pronounced risk for drug use disorder (HR 11.2; 95% CI 9.9–12.7) compared with exposed males (HR 6.5, 95% 5.2–8.0). Both males and females who had engaged in self-harm had elevated risks for future suicide. Adjusting for socio-economic status and age at start of follow-up only marginally affected the associations. Females and males with self-harm had similarly elevated risk for suicide, and self-harm was also an important risk marker for other adverse outcomes within both sexes.
Bayesian Beauty
Authors: Milano Silvia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Sleeping Beauty problem has attracted considerable attention in the literature as a paradigmatic example of how self-locating uncertainty creates problems for the Bayesian principles of Conditionalization and Reflection. Furthermore, it is also thought to raise serious issues for diachronic Dutch Book arguments. I show that, contrary to what is commonly accepted, it is possible to represent the Sleeping Beauty problem within a standard Bayesian framework. Once the problem is correctly represented, the ‘thirder’ solution satisfies standard rationality principles, vindicating why it is not vulnerable to diachronic Dutch Book arguments. Moreover, the diachronic Dutch Books against the ‘halfer’ solutions fail to undermine the standard arguments for Conditionalization. The main upshot that emerges from my discussion is that the disagreement between different solutions does not challenge the applicability of Bayesian reasoning to centered settings, nor the commitment to Conditionalization, but is instead an instance of the familiar problem of choosing the priors.
Development of a Non-destructive Testing Method for Assessing Thermal Status of District Heating Pipes
Authors: Lidén H. P. , Adl-Zarrabi B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPre-insulated district heating (DH) pipes have been in use for more than 40 years. The thermal performance of these pipes decreases over time as a result of thermal and mechanical aging, which leads to higher heat energy losses. A non-destructive method based on a cooling method is under development for assessing the thermal performance of a DH network. The method utilizes the copper wire, which is already embedded in the polyurethane insulation for detection of water leakage, as a sensor for measuring the temperature at the position of the copper wire. The method involves a shutdown of a selected part of a network for less than 2 h and evaluating the cooling process by measuring the supply pipe temperature and the temperature of the copper wire. The method was applied in a DH network during heating season. The thermal conductivity calculated by the method [0.027 W/(m K)] was in good agreement with the reference value [0.026 W/(m K)]. The cooling of the network can be measured at a valve or at other more easily accessible steel parts. It was also shown that the method is applicable for DH networks without a copper wire. However, a temperature measurement is needed on the casing pipe.