bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Antiretroviral Drugs on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Induced CD4+T-Cell Death
Authors: Estaquier Jérôme , Lelièvre Jean-Daniel , Petit Frédéric , Brunner Thomas , Moutouh-de Parseval Laure , Richman Douglas D. , Ameisen Jean Claude , Corbeil Jacques 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTApoptosis of peripheral blood T cells plays an important role in the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In this study, we found that HIV type 1 (HIV-1) primes CD4+T cells from healthy donors for apoptosis, which occurs after CD95 ligation or CD3-T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation. CD95-mediated death did not depend on CD4 T-cell infection, since it occurred in the presence of the reverse transcriptase inhibitor didanosine (ddI). In contrast, apoptosis induced by productive infection (CD3-TCR stimulation) is prevented by both CD95 decoy receptor and ddI. Our data suggest that HIV-1 triggers at least two distinct death pathways: a CD95-dependent pathway that does not require viral replication and a viral replication-mediated cell death independent of the CD95 pathway. Further experiments indicated that saquinavir, a protease inhibitor, at a 0.2 μM concentration, decreased HIV-mediated CD95 expression and thus cell death, which is independent of its role in inhibiting viral replication. However, treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors with a higher concentration (10 μM) of an HIV protease inhibitor, saquinavir or indinavir, induced both a loss in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and cell death. Thus, protease inhibitors have the potential for both beneficial and detrimental effects on CD4+T cells independent of their antiretroviral effects.
Free Energies of Adsorption of Dipeptides and 2,5-Piperazinediones on Silica from Neutral Aqueous Solutions as Estimated from High-Performance Liquid-Chromatographic Retention Data
Authors: Basiuk Vladimir A. , Gromovoy Taras Yu. 
Published: July 2002

The equilibrium constants (K) and free energies (-∆G) of adsorption of dipeptides and their cyclic derivatives, 2,5-piperazinediones, on silica from neutral aqueous solutions were calculated from their HPLC retention data on a silica gel column. For the majority of the dipeptides -∆G values were negative, ranging from -1 170 to 430 J mol-1, and K < 1, thus indicating a very weak adsorption. The 2,5-piperazinediones under study exhibited higher adsorbabilities (-∆G -1 070 + 3 030 J mol-1, K > 1) as compared to the respective dipeptides. The effect of the α-substituent structure on the adsorbability is analyzed. A linear dependence of -∆G on the number of aliphatic carbon atoms in a sorbate molecule was observed for the series of dipeptides and 2,5-piperazinediones derived from bifunctional aliphatic amino acids.
Response to influenza immunisation during treatment for cancer
Authors: Chisholm J C , Devine T , Charlett A , Pinkerton C R , Zambon M 
Published: July 2002

AIMSTo assess the annual risk of influenza infection in children with cancer and the immunogenicity of a trivalent split virus influenza vaccine in these children.METHODSEighty four children with cancer were tested for susceptibility to the circulating strains of influenza virus in autumn 1995 and 1996. Non-immunised children were reassessed the following spring for serological evidence of natural infection. Forty two patients received two doses of influenza vaccine. These children were receiving continuing chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia or were within six months of completing chemotherapy.RESULTSAmong the 84 children tested for influenza virus susceptibility only 8% of patients were fully protected (antibody titres ⩾ 40) against all three of the prevalent influenza virus strains; 33% were susceptible to all three viruses. Evidence of acquired natural infection was seen in 30% of unimmunised patients. Among immunised susceptible patients, 66% made some protective response to the vaccine and 55% showed protective antibody titres to all three viral strains following vaccination. Older age was associated with increased response to the H1N1 and H3N2 vaccine components, but total white cell count or neutrophil count at immunisation, type of cancer, or length of time on treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia did not affect response.CONCLUSIONSMost children with cancer studied were at risk of influenza infection. A significant response to immunisation was seen, supporting annual influenza vaccination for children being treated for cancer.
Jitegemee (rely on yourself): a cross-sectional study on acceptability, feasibility and design considerations for a personal savings intervention to reduce HIV risk among female sex workers in Siaya County, Kenya
Authors: Agot Kawango , Okeyo Nicky , Onyango Jacob , Ochillo Marylyn , Wango Gift-Noelle , Arasa Moraa , Okello Timothy , Okumu Olivia , Carol Shantana , Ayieko Bernard , Thirumurthy Harsha 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesThe primary objective was to assess the acceptability of a savings intervention in which female sex workers (FSW) would save part of their earnings and call back (withdraw) when faced with a financial need that could force them into HIV risk practices. The secondary objectives were to assess its feasibility, concerns and design considerations.DesignA cross-sectional survey. Participants were asked for views on the intervention, their earnings, saving and spending practices, and suggestions for the intervention package.SettingKisumu and Siaya counties, Kenya.ParticipantsFSWs aged ≥18 years, self-identifying as sex workers and living in Kisumu or Siaya county.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the proportion of participants who believed the Jitegemee intervention would be acceptable to FSWs in Kenya. The secondary outcomes were the proportion who: could generate money to save (assessed from income, spending and loaning practices), reported potential challenges with the intervention and suggested components to inform the intervention package.ResultsWe enrolled 369 FSWs, 88% aged 18–39 years, 78% unmarried, 94% cared for ≥1 child(ren) and 78% were household heads. Over half (52.1%) had been in sex trade for ≤4 years, with 62.3% reporting <10 clients the previous month. Jitegemee was highly acceptable, at 94.8%; however, participants suggested adding: financial literacy, including saving, spending and loans management (74.8%), forming saving groups (37.5%) and goal-setting (24.1%). Those who did not care for children were 4.86 times more likely to save (adjusted OR (aOR)=4.86, p=0.18), non-household heads were less likely to save (aOR=0.57, p=0.28) and those in the sex trade for 1–4 years and 5–9 years were four to five times more likely to save than those <1 year (aOR=4.49, p=0.01 and aOR=5.22, p=0.01, respectively).ConclusionsJitegemee intervention was highly acceptable; however, several recommendations were suggested to make the design more appealing and potentially effective.
Models of care and associated targeted implementation strategies for cancer survivorship support in Europe: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Prue Gillian , Czamanski-Cohen Johanna , Kassianos Angelos P , Pilleron Sophie , Ladas Aristea , Akcakaya Can Aysun , Roldán-Jiménez Cristina , Degi Csaba Laszlo , Işcan Gökçe , Arslan Sevban , de Boer Angela G E M , Celebic Aleksandar , Doñate-Martínez Ascensión , Alhambra-Borrás Tamara , Mitrevski Boce , Marzorati Chiara , Pravettoni Gabriella , Grasso Roberto , Nazik Evsen , Pawlowska Ewa , Mucalo Iva , Browne John Patrick , Tripkovic Katica , Vojvodic Katarina , Karekla Maria , Moschofidou Maria , Bayram Sule Biyik , Brandão Tânia , Arndt Volker , Jaswal Poonam , Semerci Remziye , Bozkul Gamze , Sahin Eda , Toygar Ismail , Frountzas Maximos , Martins Rui Miguel , Jefford Michael , Keane Danielle , Hegarty Josephine 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionCancer and its treatments can lead to a wide range of side-effects that can persist long after treatments have ended. Across Europe, survivorship care is traditionally hospital-based specialist-led follow-up, leading to gaps in supportive care. Improved screening, diagnosis and treatment increase survival rates. With more individuals living with, through and beyond cancer, the predominance of the hospital-based specialist model is unsustainable, costly and resource-intensive. An understanding of what alternative Models of Care are available and the barriers and facilitators to their implementation is a first step towards enhancing supportive care across the cancer journey. The aim of this scoping review is to source and synthesise information from studies evaluating patient-oriented models of cancer survivorship supportive care for adults in Europe.Methods and analysisThe scoping review will be reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses—Scoping Review Extension guidelines and will be guided by a six-stage methodological framework. A search strategy has been developed according to the Population, Concept and Context structure and will be applied to seven databases. A targeted search of grey literature will be completed. All identified records will be screened using predefined eligibility criteria by at least two researchers and undergo full-text review for inclusion. Data pertaining to the conceptualisation, evaluation and implementation of sourced Models of Care will be extracted.Ethics and disseminationAs there is no primary data, ethical approval is not required. This review will be conducted as part of the EU COST Action CA21152—Implementation Network Europe for Cancer Survivorship Care. The protocol and subsequent scoping review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. The Action involves representatives from most countries across Europe which will assist with the dissemination of the work to key stakeholders.
Autoimmune pancreatitis, pancreatic and extrapancreatic cancer (AIPPEAR): a multicentre, retrospective study protocol
Authors: Cardinal von Widdern Julian , Knoph Cecilie Siggaard , Kase Karri , Regel Ivonne , Rosendahl Jonas , Ammer-Hermenau Christoph , Nikolic Sara 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionAutoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) mainly manifests in two distinct forms with different clinical, serological and prognostic characteristics. Previous studies indicated a higher risk of malignancy in AIP patients compared with the general population. However, a direct comparison of cancer incidence in AIP patients with controls from the general population has not been conducted yet.Methods and analysisThis is an international, multicentre, retrospective study on patients diagnosed with AIP after 2005. Retrospective data regarding demography, AIP characteristics and cancer incidence will be extracted from the medical files of AIP patients. The primary outcome is the standardised incidence ratio of any first invasive cancer after AIP diagnosis compared with the general population. The expected number of cancers in the general population will be determined using the ‘Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Volume XI’ registry. Secondary outcomes are the prevalence of all cancer diagnoses within 12 months prior to AIP diagnosis and AIP features associated with a cancer diagnosis.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the ethics committees of the autoimmune pancreatitis, pancreatic and extrapancreatic cancer (AIPPEAR) core group centres (Halle (Saale), Germany; Aalborg, Denmark; Tartu, Estonia; Munich, Germany; Göttingen, Germany; Maribor, Slovenia, with the following reference numbers: 2023–204, 2023–0 29 953, 382 /T-3, 24–0768, 9/7/23, UKC-MB-KME 59/23, respectively). Where required, the study protocol will be reviewed and approved by the ethics committees of participating centres in compliance with local regulations. Data will be stored in an electronic case report form within REDCap. In this context, the AIPPEAR core group will share joint responsibility for the data. All results from this study will be submitted to international, peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences.Trial registration numberNCT06328101.
A qualitative enquiry into participants’ and practitioners’ experiences in the Australian Liver FaIlurE trial
Authors: Ramachandran Jeyamani , Pati Anuradha , Wigg Luisa , Narayana Sumudu K , Lawn Sharon , Muller Kate , Wigg Alan J 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundThe Australian Liver FaIlurE (ALFIE) trial, a multicentre, randomised controlled trial, assessed the efficacy of a nurse-coordinated model of care to reduce liver-related emergency admissions (LREAs) in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. The model of care was delivered by a specialist nurse, including intensive postdischarge monitoring, linkage to multidisciplinary care, rapid access to care pathway, enhanced education and self-management support.ObjectiveTo examine the experiences of participants and practitioners in the ALFIE trial to understand its impact, barriers and areas for improvement.Design and settingA qualitative semistructured interview analysis nested within the ALFIE trial.ParticipantsA purposeful sample of 15 patients, 14 controls and 12 staff.InterventionThematic analysis of interview transcripts.ResultsInterventional participants and the nurses perceived the care provided as personalised, holistic and continuous. The intervention enabled the development of robust therapeutic relationships and trust that promoted participant engagement and risk factor modification. It helped intervention participants navigate the busy hospital system. The control participants desired more education and a personal contact to deal with emergencies. With respect to the intervention, nurses felt that their support helped reduce LREAs and improve care, but it was overwhelming. A number of barriers and systemic issues were identified. Suggestions for improvement of the intervention model included increased staffing, improved mental health support and communication pathways with primary care practitioners.ConclusionsThe ALFIE trial was well received by nurses and participants. It met the needs of intervention participants and the health system through easy-to-navigate, personalised, holistic and ongoing care. The study identified barriers and systemic improvement areas.Trial registration numberACTRN12617001293358.
Upregulation of Reg 1α and GW112 in the epithelium of inflamed colonic mucosa
Authors: Shinozaki S , Nakamura T , Iimura M , Kato Y , Iizuka B , Kobayashi M , Hayashi N 
Published: July 2002

BACKGROUND AND AIMSColonic epithelium is involved in the regulation of intestinal function and mucosal immune responses, and its function is altered in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, a comprehensive analysis of the genetic alterations in inflamed colonic epithelium is not available at present. The aim of our study was to detect genes that are preferentially expressed in inflamed colonic epithelia and clarify the biochemical responses of epithelial cells in inflamed colonic mucosa.METHODScDNA representation difference analysis was used to identify candidate genes selectively expressed in inflamed colonic epithelia. Selective expression of these genes in the epithelium of inflamed colonic mucosa, including IBD and non-IBD tissues, was examined by real time polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridisation. The effect of cell confluence and inflammatory mediators on Reg 1α gene expression was examined using a colon cancer cell line (HT29).RESULTSWe identified seven candidate genes that were presumed to be upregulated in the inflamed colonic epithelium. Of these, Reg 1α and GW112 were the dominant species and expression of these genes was confined to the crypt epithelium. In vitro studies using a colonic epithelial cell line suggested that cell confluence regulates Reg 1α gene expression.CONCLUSIONSSelective expression of Reg 1α and GW112 genes in the crypt epithelium of inflamed colonic mucosa suggests the important regulatory functions of these genes.
Confidentiality within physiotherapy: perceptions and attitudes of clinical practitioners: Table 1
Authors: Cross Susan , Sim Julius 
Published: July 2002

Objectives—This study examined the issue of confidentiality in relation to i) undergraduate curriculum content in physiotherapy, and ii) the awareness, experiences and attitudes of clinical physiotherapists.Design—Postal survey of universities and focus group interviews with physiotherapists.Setting—Twenty-five universities in the UK and Ireland and 44 therapists in five hospitals in southern England.Results—The survey of universities indicated that legal and ethical aspects of confidentiality featured in virtually all preregistration courses that responded. However, whereas its inclusion was rated as extremely important, the degree of coverage of confidentiality varied considerably between courses. Within the focus groups, 35 informants recollected coverage of confidentiality in their preregistration education, and 12 in postregistration in-service training; in neither case was this coverage in great detail. Informants identified environmental factors and working practices as barriers to preserving confidentiality. Disclosure to others also gave rise to difficulties. Informants were only aware in general terms of the relevant sections of the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy's Rules of Professional Conduct.Conclusions—Aspects of hospital-based physiotherapy practice were seen to create specific problems in relation to confidentiality. More detailed sources of education and guidance on this issue appear to be required.
Influence of genetic susceptibility on the urinary excretion of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine of firefighters
Authors: Hong Yun-Chul , Park Hye-Sook , Ha Eun-Hee 
Published: July 2002

OBJECTIVESOxidative DNA damage has been implicated in carcinogenesis. The DNA damage can be assessed from the urinary excretion of the DNA-repair product 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG). The factors were investigated that influenced the excretion of urinary 8-OH-dG in 78 firefighters.METHODS53 Out of 78 firefighters were exposed to fire within 5 days of the study and 25 were not. 8-OH-dG was measured by ELISA and the distribution of the genotypes of CYP1A1, CYP2E1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 was measured by polymerase chain reaction.RESULTSThe homozygous wild type frequencies of CYP1A1MspI, CYP1A1 ile-val, CYP2E1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 were 31.5%, 56.2%, 60.3%, 50.7%, and 53.4%, respectively. The geometric mean of urinary 8-OH-dG was 14.1 ng/mg creatinine in more active firefighters and 12.3 ng/mg creatinine in non-exposed and less active subjects. Significantly increased concentrations of urinary 8-OH-dG were found to be associated with cigarette smoking, and 14% of the variation of 8-OH-dG was explained by cigarettes smoked per day. The CYP1A1MspI, CYP1A1 ile-val, GSTM1, and GSTT1 genetic polymorphisms were not found to be significantly associated with the urinary excretion of 8-OH-dG. However, the subjects carrying the CYP2E1 mutant type excreted higher concentrations of 8-OH-dG and there was a marginally significant interaction of GSTT1 with firefighting activity. Multiple regression analysis confirmed that smoking was the strongest predictor of excretion of 8-OH-dG. Age, body mass index, and firefighting activity were not significant predictive factors for urinary 8-OH-dG.CONCLUSIONSmoking and CYP2E1 gene polymorphism may be important factors in carcinogenesis and the GSTT1 positive genotype may be a genetic susceptibility factor in firefighters who are exposed regularly to various chemical carcinogens.
Stomach cancer and occupation in Sweden: 1971–89
Authors: Aragonés N , Pollán M , Gustavsson P 
Published: July 2002

Objectives: To examine the relation between gastric cancer and occupation among men and women gainfully employed in 1970 in Sweden for the period 1971–89 and, more specifically, to evaluate whether any excess of incidence of gastric cancer had also occurred among the subcohort of people reporting the same occupation in 1960 and 1970.Methods: In both sexes and cohorts, relative risks adjusted for age, period of diagnosis, and geographical risk area were computed for occupational codes specified at one, two, or three level (occupational sector, occupational group, and occupation, respectively). Relative risks were calculated with all other occupations as reference and then, to take socioeconomic status into account, solely other occupations within the same occupational sector were used.Results: Among men, occupations with increased risk included miners and quarrymen, construction and metal processing workers, supporting the possible causative role of dusty environments in stomach cancer. In men, the results also provide support for increased risks among electrical and mechanical engineers, fishermen, petrol station workers, motor vehicle drivers, butchers and meat preparers, dockers, freight handlers, launderers and dry cleaners. Furthermore, it is worth noting interesting results for women, whose occupational risks have been studied less. Excess risks were found for practical nurses, cashiers, bank employees, engineering and electronic industry workers, food industry, housekeeping and cleaning workers. Due to the many occupations studied, several significant associations may be expected by chance.Conclusions: The study is explorative but provides support for the relations suggested previously between occupational exposure to dusty environments and stomach cancer, together with some new high risk occupations which should be further studied.
Viral myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy: mechanisms, manifestations, and management
Authors: Kearney M T , Cotton J M , Richardson P J , Shah A M 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Viral infection of the heart is relatively common and usually of little consequence. It can, however, lead to substantial cardiac damage and severe acute heart failure. It can also evolve into the progressive syndrome of chronic heart failure. Recent studies have gone some way towards unravelling the complex mechanisms underlying the heart muscle damage that occurs after viral infection. These studies have lent support to both immune and viral mediated (independent of an immune response) cardiac damage. Acute myocarditis can present in various ways, and it may be a cause of sudden death in an otherwise healthy young adult. New treatments for viral heart disease are awaited. In the meanwhile, the haemodynamic support of patients with acute left ventricular failure caused by myocarditis should be aggressive, to allow for the possibility of spontaneous recovery. Contemporary trials of treatment in chronic heart failure secondary to dilated cardiomyopathy support the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, β adrenoceptor blockers, and spironolactone in such patients.