bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Considerations When Diagnosing and Treating an Extra-Articular Fracture of Distal Radius Based on Plain Radiographs
Authors: Kim Jin Young , Moon Ji Won , Ryu Byung Young 
Published: October 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate what should be considered when diagnosing and treating displaced extra-articular fractures based on plain radiographs. Methods: We included 181 extra-articular distal radius fractures with marked displacement requiring surgery, which were diagnosed with posteroanterior (PA) + lateral (Lat) + oblique views (obl). We compared the plain radiographs with CT scans to determine whether the diagnosis was properly made. We described the types of articular involvement incidentally found on CT scans and how the articular involvement was treated. We tested the inter-observer and intra-observer reliability with three orthopedic surgeons. Results: Forty-two (32%) out of 181 displaced extra-articular fractures diagnosed by plain radiographs had intra-articular involvement on CT scans. Dorso-ulnar intra-articular fragment was most commonly found. Thirty-three (78.6%) out of 42 intra-articular involvements required additional reduction and a dorsal approach was used in eight patients. Inter-observer and intra-observer reliability ranged from “substantial” to “almost perfect”. Conclusions: When treating displaced extra-articular fractures requiring surgery, CT scans might be necessary to find intra-articular involvement and at least, an oblique view showing the dorso-ulnar corner of the articular surface should be added. Surgeons should consider that extra-articular fractures with marked displacement, which are diagnosed by plain radiographs alone, might have intra-articular involvement requiring additional reduction or fixation via a different incision.
Mutational Landscape and Tumor Burden Assessed by Cell-free DNA in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in a Population-Based Study
Authors: Rivas-Delgado Alfredo , Nadeu Ferran , Enjuanes Anna , Casanueva-Eliceiry Sebastián , Mozas Pablo , Magnano Laura , Castrejón de Anta Natalia , Rovira Jordina , Dlouhy Ivan , Martín Silvia , Osuna Miguel , Rodríguez Sonia , Simó Marc , Pinyol Magda , Baumann Tycho , Beà Silvia , Balagué Olga , Delgado Julio , Villamor Neus , Setoain Xavier , Campo Elías , Giné Eva , López-Guillermo Armando 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
We analyzed the utility of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in a prospective population-based cohort to determine the mutational profile, assess tumor burden, and estimate its impact in response rate and outcome in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

Experimental Design:
A total of 100 patients were diagnosed with DLBCL during the study period. Mutational status of 112 genes was studied in cfDNA by targeted next-generation sequencing. Paired formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples and volumetric PET/CT were assessed when available.

Results:
Appropriate cfDNA to perform the analyses was obtained in 79 of 100 cases. At least one mutation could be detected in 69 of 79 cases (87%). The sensitivity of cfDNA to detect the mutations was 68% (95% confidence interval, 56.2–78.7). The mutational landscape found in cfDNA samples was highly consistent with that shown in the tissue and allowed genetic classification in 43% of the cases. A higher amount of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) significantly correlated with clinical parameters related to tumor burden (elevated lactate dehydrogenase and β2-microglobulin serum levels, advanced stage, and high-risk International Prognostic Index) and total metabolic tumor volume assessed by PET/CT. In patients treated with curative intent, high ctDNA levels (&gt;2.5 log hGE/mL) were associated with lower complete response (65% vs. 96%; P &lt; 0.004), shorter progression-free survival (65% vs. 85%; P = 0.038), and overall survival (73% vs. 100%; P = 0.007) at 2 years, although it did not maintain prognostic value in multivariate analyses.

Conclusions:
In a population-based prospective DLBCL series, cfDNA resulted as an alternative source to estimate tumor burden and to determine the tumor mutational profile and genetic classification, which have prognostic implications and may contribute to a future tailored treatment.
Early Response to First-Line Anti–PD-1 Treatment in Hodgkin Lymphoma: A PET-Based Analysis from the Prospective, Randomized Phase II NIVAHL Trial
Authors: Voltin Conrad-Amadeus , Mettler Jasmin , van Heek Lutz , Goergen Helen , Müller Horst , Baues Christian , Keller Ulrich , Meissner Julia , Trautmann-Grill Karolin , Kerkhoff Andrea , Fuchs Michael , Sasse Stephanie , von Tresckow Bastian , Dietlein Markus , Borchmann Peter , Engert Andreas , Kobe Carsten , Bröckelmann Paul J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
A primary analysis of the ongoing NIVAHL trial demonstrated unexpectedly high interim complete response rates to nivolumab-based first-line treatment in early-stage unfavorable Hodgkin lymphoma. However, biomarkers such as metabolic tumor volume (MTV) or total lesion glycolysis (TLG) and their change under treatment (ΔMTV and ΔTLG), measured on PET, might provide additional relevant information for response assessment in this setting. Hence, the current analysis aimed to investigate early response to checkpoint inhibitor therapy beyond conventional criteria.

Patients and Methods:
NIVAHL is a prospective, randomized phase II trial that recruited between April 2017 and October 2018. Patients in arms A and B were assessed for early treatment response after two courses of doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine with two concomitant nivolumab infusions per cycle (2 × N-AVD) and 4 × nivolumab, respectively. In the current analysis, we included all 59 individuals with PET images available to the central review panel for quantitative analysis before April 30, 2019.

Results:
At interim restaging, we determined a mean ΔMTV and ΔTLG of −99.8% each in arm A after 2 × N-AVD, compared with −91.4% and −91.9%, respectively, for treatment group B undergoing 4 × nivolumab. This high decrease in MTV and TLG was observed regardless of the initial lymphoma burden.

Conclusions:
Our study showed that nivolumab-based first-line treatment leads to rapid, near-complete reduction of tumor metabolism in early-stage unfavorable Hodgkin lymphoma. Thus, PET-derived biomarkers might allow reduction or even omission of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Furthermore, MTV and TLG could be also used to optimize immune checkpoint-targeting treatments in other cancers.
Ticagrelor or Prasugrel in Patients With ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Aytekin Alp , Ndrepepa Gjin , Neumann Franz-Josef , Menichelli Maurizio , Mayer Katharina , Wöhrle Jochen , Bernlochner Isabell , Lahu Shqipdona , Richardt Gert , Witzenbichler Bernhard , Sibbing Dirk , Cassese Salvatore , Angiolillo Dominick J. , Valina Christian , Kufner Sebastian , Liebetrau Christoph , Hamm Christian W. , Xhepa Erion , Hapfelmeier Alexander , Sager Hendrik B. , Wustrow Isabel , Joner Michael , Trenk Dietmar , Fusaro Massimiliano , Laugwitz Karl-Ludwig , Schunkert Heribert , Schüpke Stefanie , Kastrati Adnan 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Data on the comparative efficacy and safety of ticagrelor versus prasugrel in patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention are limited. We assessed the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor versus prasugrel in a head-to-head comparison in patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods:
In this prespecified subgroup analysis, we included 1653 patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction randomized to receive ticagrelor or prasugrel in the setting of the ISAR REACT-5 trial (Intracoronary Stenting and Antithrombotic Regimen: Rapid Early Action for Coronary Treatment 5). The primary end point was the incidence of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke at 1 year after randomization. The secondary end point was the incidence of bleeding defined as BARC (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium) type 3 to 5 bleeding at 1 year after randomization.

Results:

The primary end point occurred in 83 patients (10.1%) in the ticagrelor group and in 64 patients (7.9%) in the prasugrel group (hazard ratio, 1.31 [95% CI, 0.95–1.82];
P
=0.10). One-year incidence of all-cause death (4.9% versus 4.7%;
P
=0.83), stroke (1.3% versus 1.0%;
P
=0.46), and definite stent thrombosis (1.8% versus 1.0%;
P
=0.15) did not differ significantly in patients assigned to ticagrelor or prasugrel. One-year incidence of myocardial infarction (5.3% versus 2.8%; hazard ratio, 1.95 [95% CI, 1.18–3.23];
P
=0.010) was higher with ticagrelor than with prasugrel. BARC type 3 to 5 bleeding occurred in 46 patients (6.1%) in the ticagrelor group and in 39 patients (5.1%) in the prasugrel group (hazard ratio, 1.22 [95% CI, 0.80–1.87];
P
=0.36).

Conclusions:
In patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention, there was no significant difference in the primary end point between prasugrel and ticagrelor. Ticagrelor was associated with a significant increase in the risk for recurrent myocardial infarction.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01944800.
Bribery and the Informal Economy in Proverbs
Authors: Nam Roger S. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In most cases, the Hebrew Bible unequivocally condemns the use of a bribe-gift (שחד, מתן), declaring such an economic transaction as contradictory to the ways of YHWH. But three verses in Proverbs (17:8; 18:16; 21:14) advocate for a morally positive outlook in the usage of such gifts. Commentators account for this divergent view of bribery through a variety of creative solutions, though none of these explanations align with the most straightforward reading of the text to encourage bribery. Through the lens of economic anthropology, this paper suggests that the moral endorsement of the bribe-gift is a direct result of the development of a local informal economy. The economy of Yehud centered on redistribution, creating robust informal networks. Within redistributive economies, social scientific studies suggest that the bribe can broaden access. As a result, these three verses in Proverbs challenge older understandings of bribes in light of a new economic reality.
In Search of Virtue: Ancestral Inheritance in the Testament of Qahat (4Q542)
Authors: Uusimäki Elisa 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article analyses the intersection between the transmission of biblical tradition and the display of exemplarity in the Testament of Qahat (4Q542). How are virtues—i.e., qualities regarded as good and thus desirable—discussed in this Aramaic text found at Qumran? It is argued that the author embeds his priestly perspective in an expansion of biblical narrative and posits seven items of immaterial inheritance as virtues to be pursued and performed, including truth, justice, honesty, perfection, purity, holiness, and priesthood. He highlights the intellectual and moral dimensions of virtuous living, as well as the significance of aspirational attitude and divine-human relations in a good life. 4Q542 invites scholars to read Jewish sources as evidence of ancient Mediterranean virtue discourses. In the context of biblical studies, the writing offers a priestly perspective on the continuing conversation on ethical traditions in Jewish antiquity.
Space in Psalm 73 and a New Perspective for the Understanding of Ps. 73:17
Authors: Neuber Carolin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In recent years, notions of space in biblical texts have been analyzed by means of sociological concepts of spatiality, primarily based on the works of Henri Lefebvre and Edward Soja. This article explores the heuristic provided by spatial concepts for the understanding of Psalm 73 and the debated understanding of the expression “sanctuaries of God” (מִקְדְּשֵׁי־אֵל) in v. 17. The actions described in this psalm take place in social space that is constituted, endangered and renewed by the actions of the psalm’s protagonists.
Diseased Bodies and the Invaded Social Body in Biblical Depictions of the Census
Authors: Price Jason R. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The question of why biblical literature links census-taking with plague has long puzzled scholars. I propose looking at the problem through the lens of body theory, where one understanding of the body is to see it as a place upon which society and culture are mapped. Several studies anchored in this approach have found that diseased bodies are sometimes understood as symptoms of the “sick” or malfunctioning society. I propose that this representation of the sick body as a consequence of the sick society lends credibility to the interpretation that the biblical census-plague link stemmed from perceived dangers about political centralization under the monarchy. Some factions in ancient Israel viewed the census as an affront to tribal society with an emerging monarchy invading traditional village life. I argue that the diseased bodies of Israelites in these texts articulated concern for the invaded and deteriorating social body of the tribes.
The Material and Immaterial Significance of the Feast in Isaiah 25:6–8
Authors: Timmer Daniel C. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article argues for the necessity of integrating materialist and immaterialist perspectives in biblical interpretation on theoretical and practical grounds. After briefly exploring the relationship of the two perspectives in past and present philosophy and their appropriation in biblical hermeneutics, an interpretation of YHWH’s feast in Isa. 25:6–8 is undertaken with the aim of demonstrating their compatibility, complementarity, and inseparability.
The “Space Between”: Pasolini’s Il Vangelo Secondo Matteo and the Mediation of Scripture
Authors: Clogher Paul 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Rooted in Italian neorealism, Marxist theory, and centuries of Christian art and music, Pier Paolo Pasolini’s Il Vangelo secondo Matteo reactivates the Gospel against the backdrop of Italian Marxism and social life in the mid-twentieth century. Through a hermeneutical reflection, this paper argues for the film as a central moment in the mediation and reception of the Christian story. Pasolini’s transgressive and poetic cinema partakes in and expands a hermeneutical dynamic at the core of the Christian story. The film’s documentary style, political subtexts, and eclectic setting highlight how the Christian story is a lived historical experience and thus does not transcend the social or historical circumstances of its telling and retelling. In a reciprocal encounter, both film and Gospel reveal the Christian story’s multiple textuality. Taking this as its cue, this article explores how Pasolini’s Matthew reveals the role of cinema as a site of hermeneutical and Christological reflection.
Dehumanisation as Derision or Delight? Overcoming Class-Prejudice and Species-Prejudice in Job
Authors: Millar Suzanna R. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In Job 30:1–8, Job dehumanises his detractors: he depicts his low-class opponents as vile creatures in the wilderness. Dehumanisation has been a common strategy to devalue outgroups from Job’s time to our own. It functions by assuming a human-animal hierarchy (in which animals lack value), and mapping it onto a social hierarchy, delegitimising the animalised individuals at the bottom. By using this strategy, Job reveals his prejudice around other species and low classes. The logic of the divine speeches, however, overturns both these prejudices. The speeches respond to Job’s classism, not by denying that low-class humans are animals, but rather by celebrating animals (38:39–39:30). For Job, the non-human was a source of derision; for God it is a source of delight.
Galileo Reading Qohelet: Seeing the World with “Curiosity’s Eye”
Authors: Balentine Samuel E. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This essay examines Galileo’s reading of Ecclesiastes 3:11, which he cited in his letter to the Grand Duchess Christina in 1615 at the beginning of his trial for heresy. Why would Galileo have used this text in support of his intellectual inquiry? Three critical components of his intellectual environment are explored: 1) the development of scientific inquiry within the 17th c system of patronage; 2) the culture of curiosity that sustains his intellectual inquiry; and 3) the telescope and the transformation of human imagination.
The United States, the International Criminal Court, and Afghanistan: The Rupturing of Mutual Accommodation
Authors: Robb Kevin S. , Patel Shan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In September 2018, then U.S. National Security Advisor John Bolton delivered a speech that ushered in a new, more aggressive era of U.S. foreign policy vis-à-vis the International Criminal Court (icc). Washington’s disapprobation over the icc’s interest in the alleged crimes of U.S. personnel in Afghanistan has been seen as the cause for this change. While this is certainly partly true, little attention has been paid to Fatou Bensouda’s prosecutorial behaviour as an explanatory factor. Using the framework from David Bosco’s Rough Justice, this article demonstrates that a distinct shift in prosecutorial behaviour occurred when Fatou Bensouda took over as Chief Prosecutor. In contrast to Luis Moreno Ocampo’s strategic approach, avoidant of U.S. interests, Bensouda’s apolitical approach directly challenged the U.S. This shift in prosecutorial behaviour ruptured the ‘mutual accommodation’ that previously characterised the icc-U.S. relationship and, in turn, produced the shift in U.S. policy that now marginalises the Court.
The Origin and Characteristics of the Image of the Aerial Spirits
Authors: Smagina Eugenia 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The parallels between the books of the Enoch cycle and the Coptic literature have not yet been fully investigated, and meanwhile they allow us to find out some data on the origin and meaning of the books of Enoch. For example, the Coptic Encomium to the Four Living Creatures from the Pierpont Morgan Library has a section which must be considered as a very close retelling of one episode from the 2nd (Slavonic) Book of Enoch. Subsequently, the image of four animals influenced the description of zoomorphic mythological characters, the so-called “leontocephals”, in the apocryphal literature. In the encomium there are a number of parallels with the 2nd Enoch, which allow to determine more precisely the date and features of this pseudepigraphon.
How Influential Are International NGO s in the Public Arena?
Authors: Vera José María , Herranz de la Casa José María 
Published: October 2020

Summary
International non-governmental organisations have, for some time, been operating as diplomacy actors in the national and international public spheres. There has been an increase in their influence in the local areas of intervention of their programmes and in broader spaces where polices about the environment, inequality and other issues are decided. However, their influence has been threatened by the emergence of social movements and a flexible style of individualised activism that promotes their demands, as well as by questions around their independence and legitimacy that some of their actions generate cyclically. COVID-19 has brought into the public sphere some old challenges that international non-governmental organisations (INGO s) have been working on for years: health vulnerability, economic precarity and social emergency. This essay analyses this context, in which new challenges are appearing for INGO s concerning how they can influence the public sphere and policy-making, with the collaboration of new allies and partners.
Multilateralism Restored? City Diplomacy | in the COVID-19 Era
Authors: Pipa Anthony F. , Bouchet Max 
Published: October 2020

Summary
As the 75th anniversary of the United Nations occurs during one of the worst health and economic crises in modern history, multilateralism is weakened by the renewed unilateralism of major powers. International co-operation regarding the COVID-19 pandemic has been limited. This mirrors similar gridlock in collective responses to migration, climate change and humanitarian situations. Meanwhile, cities have been filling gaps in leadership. In responding to the pandemic, cities have been leveraging global co-operation to ensure a successful immediate response and shape the economic recovery. Yet as cities have attempted to insert an urban voice into the traditional multilateral system on global challenges, they have struggled to influence global policy-making. This essay examines how the COVID-19 crisis exposes the implications for the multilateral system of the growing role of cities, and how cities and their networks can adjust their current activities to maximise progress in addressing transnational challenges.
The Future of the World Health Organization: China and the United States Square Off
Authors: Lien Donald , Kortsch Joseph 
Published: October 2020

Summary
The purpose of this essay is to discuss the ramifications of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic on the future of the World Health Organization (WHO). In particular, the WHO has come under fire for its initial response and reporting of the pandemic, its acceptance of Chinese self-reporting and management of the crisis and dubious claims that it failed to acknowledge and respond to data from Taiwan that indicated human–to-human transmission was occurring. These alleged missteps have brought unwanted and intense international scrutiny on the organisation and have, perhaps, left its future uncertain. This essay examines the history and mandate of the WHO, its vulnerability to national and regional political movements and some likely outcomes for the near- and long-term future. Additionally, it briefly addresses how the WHO is used as a diplomatic surrogate for the UN, especially in matters relating to Taiwan.
The advertisement call of Chiasmocleis (Syncope) carvalhoi (Nelson, 1975) (Anura: Microhylidae), with taxonomic remarks based on new morphological observations of specimens from Peruvian Amazonia
Authors: ROJAS-PADILLA OMAR , GAGLIARDI-URRUTIA GIUSSEPE , SIMÕES PEDRO IVO , CASTROVIEJO-FISHER SANTIAGO 
Published: October 2020

We quantitatively describe for the first time the advertisement call of Chiasmocleis (Syncope) carvalhoi using recordings of five specimens from northern Peruvian Amazonia. The advertisement call is characterized by a single, short, tonal, and high-pitched note. Call duration ranges between 0.03–0.06 s and its dominant frequency between 7.12–7.92 kHz. The lack of pulses within notes distinguishes C. (Syncope) carvalhoi from all congeneric species except C. (Syncope) antenori, C. (Syncope) parkeri and C. (Chiasmocleis) mantiqueira, which can be distinguished by the shorter duration of their notes and silent intervals (in C. (Syncope) antenori and C. (Syncope) parkeri) and by the lower dominant frequency (in C. (Syncope) parkeri and C. (Chiasmocleis) mantiqueira). In addition, based on our collected specimens, we report on and discuss about the variation of some external morphological characters and natural history of C. (Syncope) carvalhoi, including the absence of vocal slits and sacs. Our study reveals a potential association between the absence of vocal slits and sacs, and tonal calls in Chiasmocleis, as well as conflicting morphological diagnostics characters in the literature.