bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of ‘dual phase’ cone beam computed tomography during radioembolisation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: what is really changing in flow dynamics before and after 90Y delivery?
Authors: Gormez Aysegul , Gonca Eldem Fatma , Volkan Salanci Bilge , Fani Bozkurt Murat , Ugur Omer , Peynircioglu Bora 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionThe aims of the study were: 1) to compare two phases of dual-phase cone beam computed tomography (DP-CBCT) achieved before and after Yttrium-90 (90Y) administration and to evaluate additional benefits during radio­embolisation (RE) procedures; and 2) to compare DP-CBCT with pre-procedure contrast enhanced cross-sectional images in terms of tumour detection.Material and methodsTwenty-three hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing RE treatment were scanned with DP-CBCT consisting of early arterial (EA) and late arterial (LA) phases before and after 90Y administration. The CT-like datasets were compared according to embolisation effect, enhancement patterns, lesion detectability, image quality, and artifacts by two interventional radiologists blinded to each other. The compatibility of the two radiologists was evaluated with kappa statistical analysis, and the difference between EA and LA phases was evaluated with marginal homogeneity test. Also, DP-CBCT images were compared with preprocedural cross-sectional images (CT/MRI).ResultsFor 23 patients 92 data were acquired. Thirteen patients showed a decrease on post-embolisation images both visually and on Hounsfield unit (HU) measurements. No statistical difference was found for tumour detection between EA and LA phases (p = 1.0). Tumour enhancement was visually superior at LA phases whereas EA phases were better for arterial mapping for selective catheterisation. DP-CBCT images were not inferior to preprocedural cross-sectional imaging findings.ConclusionsDP-CBCT is a promising tool for predicting tumour response to therapy and is not inferior to preprocedural cross-sectional imaging in terms of tumour detection. It allows better assessment during RE procedures because early phases provide good mapping for superselective catheterisation whereas late phases are better for visualisation of tumour enhancement.
Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of pulmonary infections in immunocompromised patients
Authors: Singh Rashmi , Garg Mandeep , Sodhi Kushaljit S. , Prabhakar Nidhi , Singh Paramjeet , Agarwal Ritesh , Malhotra Pankaj 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionTo evaluate the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for diagnosing pulmonary infections in immunocompromised adults.Material and methodsComputed tomography (CT) and MRI chest were performed in 35 immuno-compromised patients suspected of pulmonary infection. The MRI sequences that were performed included axial and coronal T2 half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo (HASTE), spectrally attenuated inversion recovery (SPAIR), true fast imaging with steady-state free precession (TRUFI), and three-dimensional fast low angle shot (3D FLASH) using breath-hold and respiratory triggered BLADE (proprietary name for periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction). The presence of nodules, consolidations, and ground-glass opacities was evaluated. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for MRI using CT scan as a reference standard.ResultsThe sensitivity of MRI in nodule detection was 50% overall and 75% for nodules measuring more than 5 mm. Consolidation was detected with 100% sensitivity. Sensitivity and PPV for the detection of ground-glass opacities (GGOs) were 77.7% and 53.8%, respectively. T2 HASTE axial had the fewest image artefacts. Respiratory triggered MR pulse sequence did not add any significant diagnostic information as compared to the non-respiratory triggered MR pulse sequences.ConclusionsSensitivity for detecting small nodules and GGOs on MR is poor; CT scan remains the imaging modality of choice for the evaluation of pulmonary infections in immunocompromised patients. However, MRI can be used in the follow-up imaging of these patients.
ROSEN, BULGARIA: A NEWLY RECOGNIZED IRON OXIDE-COPPER-GOLD DISTRICT
Authors: Sillitoe Richard H. , Magaranov Georgi , Mladenov Veselin , Creaser Robert A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Rosen copper veins in southeastern Bulgaria are recognized for the first time as an iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) district. The veins are located in the East Srednogorie segment of the Carpathian-Balkan calc-alkaline volcano-plutonic arc and were formed during an end-stage interval of extreme slab rollback and intra-arc rifting, which gave rise farther east to seafloor spreading in the Western Black Sea basin. The resulting submarine volcano-sedimentary rift basin is dominated by intermediate to mafic shoshonitic to ultrapotassic volcanism and subsidiary gabbro to syenite intrusion. The E- to NE-striking veins define a NW-striking alignment along the western contact of the syenite-dominated Rosen pluton, inferred to be part of a large ring dike. More than 40 veins, the most important formerly mined to depths as great as 1,000 m, contain an early, pegmatoidal, calcic-potassic assemblage followed by predominant magnetite (including the mushketovite variety), chlorite, and carbonates but also quartz, chalcopyrite, pyrite, and numerous other metallic minerals, which combine to give an unusual Fe-Cu-Au-Mo-Co-Ni-U-light rare earth element (LREE)-W-Bi-Zn-Pb geochemical signature. The close correlation between Fe, Cu, U, and LREEs is evident even in the flotation tailings. Vein molybdenite was dated during this study at 80.6 ± 0.4 Ma, which is similar to a U-Pb zircon age for monzosyenite from the Rosen pluton. The mineralogic and compositional features of the Rosen district are comparable to those of well-known IOCG deposits worldwide and geometrically similar to the vertically extensive IOCG veins in the Coastal Cordillera province of northern Chile. The subsidiary granitophile signature that accompanies the characteristic siderophile IOCG suite was also recognized recently at the giant Olympic Dam deposit in South Australia and elsewhere. Although no exposed intrusion is definitively implicated in the genesis of the Rosen veins, coexisting gabbro and syenite fluid sources may be hypothesized at depth in or beneath the coeval ring dike.
Yew (Taxus baccata L.) population dynamics in the Iberian Mediterranean Mountains: natural regeneration and expansion in East Central System (Spain)
Authors: Balaguer-Romano Rodrigo , Sainz-Ollero Helios , Vasco-Encuentra Fernando 
Published: March 2020

Aim of study: To evaluate demographical dynamics of yew populations in the Iberian Mediterranean mountains in order to assess population trends and a hypothetical natural regeneration of the species.Area of study: Ayllón Mountain Range, Eastern end of Central Mountain Range, Spain.Material and methods: Afield survey was conducted on three yew groves, taking data of altitude, orientation, companion woody species, UTM coordinates, height, perimeter (at breast height, 120cm) and sex. Individuals were classified in four age groups, considering height and trunk perimeter: AgeGroup1, Seedling; AgeGroup2, Juvenile; AgeGroup3, Adult and AgeGroup4, Old. Finally Recruitment rate was calculated for each population.Main results: Surveyed yew populations include more than 1600 trees, showing elevated Recruitment rates, which indicates that there are more seedling and juvenile individuals (Group1 and Group2) than adult and old ones (Group3 and Group4).Research highlights: Surveyed yew populations show vigorous regeneration. These results lead us to reconsider the relictic character assigned to the species in the Iberian Mediterranean mountains.Key words: Ayllón; microclimatic; regeneration rate; relictic; survey.
Nationwide use, challenges, facilitators, and impact of preceptors in prelicensure clinical nursing education
Authors: Novotny Nancy L. , Stark Debbie 
Published: March 2020

Background and objective: Preceptor-facilitated clinical nursing education prevalence information is dated. Information is most often limited to regional baccalaureate programs and provides sparse evidence of its education-related outcomes. The purpose of this study is to describe the nationwide use, structures, facilitators, and challenges of using preceptors in prelicensure clinical education; compare its use by program characteristics; and explore its impact on education-related outcomes.Methods: In this cross-sectional comparative study, prelicensure programs in randomly selected jurisdictions in all four regions of the US were identified and official pass rates obtained. Program administrators completed an online questionnaire about preceptor use, incentives used, challenges, facilitators, and perceived impact on program capacity.Results: Preceptors were used in 73% of the 366 responding programs. Prevalence rates ranged from 25% to 87% by program type and from 64% to 86% by region. Programs’ NCLEX-RN® pass rates and perceived impact on program capacity did not differ by use of preceptors. Most respondents indicated there was no impact although one-fifth perceived moderate to high impact. The top five challenges and facilitators to preceptor use were identified. Programs used a variety of preceptor incentives, ranging from 62% using informal recognition to 7% providing some type of financial compensation.Conclusions: Most programs use preceptors with differences by program type and region. Designating resources to enhance preceptor orientation and preceptor-student-faculty communications may be useful, as well as identifying the challenges and facilitators. While a variety of preceptor incentives are available, few offer direct monetary compensation. Regional preceptor incentive data provide useful benchmarks. With high rates of use in some sectors and yet no demonstrable influence on pass rates, closer scrutiny of the quality of preceptor-facilitated educational experiences and associated outcomes are warranted.
Ska strängare straff dömas ut vid återfall? - Allmänhetens inställning till återfallsstraff enligt en nationell vinjettstudie
Authors: Jerre Kristina 
Published: March 2020

English title: Harsher punishments for repeat offenders? The public's opinion according to a Swedish vignette study The principle of punishing repeat offenders more severely is widespread. A recurring justification in the public debate for this principle is that »public sentiment« demands harsher punishments for recidivists. In this study survey participants are asked to propose appropriate sanctions for five different criminal cases described in vignettes. The offender in each case is described as either having or not having previous convictions. There is little difference in the sanctions given to previously convicted and non-convicted offenders. According to the results, »public sentiment« does not come across as sufficiently homogeneous, on its own, to legitimize a system where repeat offenders are systematically and consistently punished more severely than offenders with no previous convictions. If we are to justify enhanced punishments for repeat offenders, we should seek a more solid basis for doing so than simply relying on routine referrals to public opinion
Boganmeldelse: Paula Wahlgren: De laglydiga. Om skolans brottsförebyggande fostran, Stockholms Universitet, 2014
Authors: Gundhus Helene O.I. 
Published: March 2020

Boganmeldelse skrevet af Helene O.I. Gundhus (af Wahlgrens "De lagydiga: Om skolans brottsförebyggande fostran".
Gärningsmannaskap och medgärningsmannaskap i svensk rätt
Authors: Svensson Erik 
Published: March 2020

English title: Perpetration and co-offending in Swedish criminal lawThe article presents an overview of the conclusions from my dissertation, Gärningsmannaskap vid fleras deltagande i brott, defended at Uppsala University in May 2016. The dissertation examines the concept of perpetration under Swedish law, specifically as the concept concerns the involvement of two or more actors. Three distinct questions are discussed: (i) how the distinction between perpetration of a crime and aiding and/or abetting a crime is to be drawn; (ii) how the distinction between different forms of perpetration should be made in Swedish criminal law; and (iii) in what cases two or more actors can be held criminally liable for having committed a crime together as perpetrators.
Fangers opplevelser av skam og stolthet etter soning
Authors: Svennevig, Haukland, Tallaksen Diverse: 
Published: March 2020

English title: Prisoners’ self-perceived shame and pride after imprisonmentThe aim of this study is to examine former prisoners’ experiences of shame in life after imprisonment, and how processes of change from shame to pride take place. Qualitative in-depth interviews are conducted with seven former prisoners affiliated with the self-help organization WayBack. The empirical material is processed using content analyses. A hermeneutic phenomenological framework inspired the study. The study shows that the movement from shame to pride is closely related to empowerment and to a change from marginalization to integration. The analysis reveals that shame is activated by society’s limited acknowledgement of ex-prisoners. Social arenas of equals can be experienced as essential to create new identities and a sense of empowerment. Acknowledging that change requires acceptance of help from others – as well as provision of help to others, appears to be an important facilitator of change from shame to pride. The individual's opportunity to put words into feelings is central. Likewise, the achievement of coherence in the world (SOC) is of crucial importance. The importance of being recognized and achieving social value are also key findings of the research.
Records in contexts : vers un nouveau niveau dans la description archivistique ?
Authors: Popovici Bogdan Florin , Zeller Jean-Daniel 
Published: March 2020

Cet article se concentre sur les grands courants de pensée de la profession des archivistes qui ont amené le Conseil international des archives (ICA) à s’orienter vers une amélioration de ses quatre normes descriptives. L’auteur passe en revue les manifestations de la provenance, de l’ordre original et des approches basées sur le fonds, en indiquant de nombreuses positions exprimées dans la littérature professionnelle. La deuxième partie offre quelques aperçus du nouveau modèle conceptuel proposé par l’ICA pour la description archivistique, appeléRecords in Contexts(Note du traducteur : les travaux à ce sujet s’étant effectués en anglais et le projet étant encore en consultation auprès de la communauté archivistique, il n’y a pas de traduction officielle du concept « Records in Contexts ». On a maintenu le terme anglophone qui équivaut à « Documents en contextes »).
Evaluate the Equivalency of Some Insecticides Pesticides Containing Diazinon and Diazinox, with Emphasis to Their Content of Impurities and Degradation
Authors: Selim Nahed M. M. , Ibrahim Hala M. 
Published: March 2020

The aim of this study has investigated the degradation of diazinox 5% and five different concentration of diazinon (diazinon 95%, diazinon 15%, diazole 50%, diazit 60% and octadat 60%) before and after storage at 54 +2°C for 0, 7, 14 days. Besides, the effects of storage on the formation of its toxic impurities (sulfotep, monothiono-tepp, and water) were studied. The data showed that diazinox 5%, was less stable than different concentrations of diazinon, whereas the percentage loss 38.5% while, diazinon 95% was more stable for storage which has percentage loss is 1.14% after 14 days of storage at 54+2oC. For results, diazinon 15%, diazole 50%, diazit 60% and octadat 60% show it’s relatively moderate in its stability compared with other tests which have a percentage loss ranged from 1.33 to 27.2% after 14 days of storage at the same conditions.
Moreover, the monothiono-tepp impurity (O, S- TEPP) in diazinon 95%, diazinox 5% and diazit 60% was more than the maximum permissible concentration of impurity recommended by FAO specifications before and after storage. But diazinon 15%, diazole 50% and octadat 60% was This level are allowed to limit according to FAO before and after storage. While sulfotep impurity in diazinon 95% was more than the maximum permissible concentration of impurity recommended by FAO specifications before and after storage. On the other hand, diazinon 15%, diazinox 5%, diazole 50%, diazit 60% and octadat 60% were This levels are allowed to limit according to FAO before and after storage.
Finally, GC – MS analysis gives the same separation before storage whereas it gives a new separation peak after storage and results showed that of the breakdown of the 2-Isopropyl-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-ol main product in diazinon and diazinox. Also, IR analysis showed that the % match of all tested was more than 90 before and after storage.
Microbiological and Physicochemical Research of Thermal Spring and Mountain Spring Waters in the District of Sliven, Bulgaria
Authors: Valcheva Nedyalka , Ignatov Ignat , Dinkov Georgi 
Published: March 2020

Defined are the physicochemical properties of four healing non-thermal and thermal spring waters in the area of Sliven District, Bulgaria. The spring waters from the given four water sources are characterized by microbiological indicators and the pathogenic micro-organisms in the samples from the springs water sources mentioned above are determined by the membrane method.
It is shown that according to 18 controlled parameters included in the study, the non-thermal healing spring “Hadji Dimitar” in the area of “Hot water” in the town of Shivachevo with water temperature 22.5ºC and the non-thermal spring “Gunchov spring” with water temperature 21.5ºC correspond to all controlled parameters according to Ordinance NO 9/2001, Official State Gazette, issue 30 and decree NO 178/23.07.2004 about the quality of water, intended for drinking purposes.
It is established that that thermal healing spring Sliven mineral baths with water temperature 48ºC, healing spring Banya village with water temperature 37ºС meet the standard requirements. Non-thermal spring "Gunchov Spring", Sliven district with water temperature 21.5ºC does not meet the required microbiological parameters in regards to coli bacteria levels.
Inter-laboratory comparison of pulmonary lesions induced by intratracheal instillation of NiO nanoparticle in rats: Histopathological examination results
Authors: Senoh Hideki , Kano Hirokazu , Suzuki Masaaki , Fukushima Shoji , Oshima Yutaka , Kobayashi Toshio , Morimoto Yasuo , Izumi Hiroto , Ota Yasufumi , Takehara Hiroshi , Numano Takamasa , Kawabe Mayumi , Gamo Masashi , Takeshita Jun-ichi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objective
In this study, in order to investigate the usefulness of intratracheal instillation in assessing the pulmonary toxicity of nanomaterials, intratracheal instillation of nickel oxide-nanoparticles (NiO-NP) was performed.

Methods
In this study, rats were administered test materials by intratracheal instillation at five different research institutions in order to assess the validity of using intratracheal instillation for hazard identification of nanomaterials. Eight-week-old male SD rats were administered NiO-NP dispersed in deionized water by a single intratracheal instillation at doses of 0 (vehicle control), 0.2, 0.67, and 2 mg/kg BW. Three days after instillation, histopathological examination of the lungs was performed.

Results
NiO-NP was distributed in the vicinity of hilus of the lung and in the alveoli around the bronchioles. Histopathological changes such as degeneration/necrosis of macrophages, inflammation, and proliferation of type II pneumocyte in the lung were observed, and their severity corresponded with increasing dose. The histopathological observations of pulmonary toxicity were almost similar at each institution.

Conclusion
The similarity of the histopathological changes observed by five independent groups indicates that intratracheal instillation can be a useful screening method to detect the pulmonary toxicity of nanomaterials.
Microglia
Authors: Fischer Tracy 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAs the resident macrophage (MΦ) of the brain, microglia play a crucial role in launching an appropriate immunological response to pathogens and other insults to the brain. Similar to other tissue MΦs, microglia express a large repertoire of receptors that recognise pathogen‐ and damage‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs) and immunoglobulins that render them able participants in innate immunity. Consistent with this role, microglia promote adaptive immunity in the brain through antigen presentation and cytokine and chemokine production and assist in tissue repair and restoration. In addition to their immunological role, microglia participate in the development of the central nervous system (CNS) and support brain homeostasis through constant surveillance of their environment and bi‐directional communication with neurons and other glia. The significance of appropriate microglial function in CNS health is evidenced by the detrimental effect unresolved or chronic immune microglial activation has in promoting and/or advancing neuropathogenesis through microglial‐derived neurotoxic factors, as well as impaired or loss of functions that support brain homeostasis.Key ConceptsMicroglia are long‐lived resident macrophages within the brain parenchyma that initiate and promote immune responses in the brain to help protect it from foreign entities and/or pathological events.Microglia are key players in brain development and homeostasis.Bi‐directional neuron–microglia communication informs microglial activation.Chronic immune activation of microglia promotes and/or contributes to the pathogenesis of many, if not all, neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases.Impaired and/or loss of microglial function negatively impacts CNS homeostasis and neuronal health and function.
Magnocellular Neurons of the Hypothalamus
Authors: Lemos José R 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Magnocellular neurons are neuroendocrine cells located in the hypothalamus; they are among the largest cells in the brain, and synthesise the hormones arginine vasopressin and oxytocin. These neuropeptides are secreted from Magnocellular neuron terminals in the neurohypophysis. It is this hypothalamic–neurohypophysial system which allowed the original formulation of the calcium hypothesis for stimulus–secretion coupling. Vasopressin is a vasoconstrictor and an antidiuretic and, thus, is involved in fluid homeostasis and osmoregulation. Oxytocin has recognised functions in parturition and lactation and has an emerging role as a natriuretic agent. Both hormones may also be central neurotransmitters and have been implicated in stress, social behaviours, learning and memory processes, as well as the development and maintenance of tolerance to ethanol and other drugs of abuse. Furthermore, oxytocin has possible therapeutic applications for social disorders.

Key Concepts

Magnocellular neurons in the hypothalamus synthesise the peptide hormones, vasopressin and oxytocin.

These neuropeptides are secreted from Magnocellular neuron nerve terminals in the hypothalamic–neurohypophysial system.

It is this hypothalamic–neurohypophysial system which allowed the original formulation of the calcium hypothesis for stimulus–secretion coupling.

Arginine vasopressin is a vasoconstrictor and an antidiuretic and, thus, is involved in fluid homeostasis and osmoregulation.

Oxytocin has recognised functions in parturition and lactation and has an emerging role as a natriuretic agent.

Both hormones may also be central neurotransmitters and have been implicated in stress, learning and memory processes, social behaviours, as well as the development and maintenance of tolerance to ethanol and other drugs of abuse.

Oxytocin has possible therapeutic applications for social disorders such as autism.