bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stable isotope dynamics of groundwater interactions with Ganges river
Authors: Das Prerona , Mukherjee Abhijit , Hussain Syed Aaquib , Jamal Md. Shahid , Das Kousik , Shaw Ashok , Layek Mrinal K. , Sengupta Probal 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGroundwater depletion has been an emerging crisis in recent years, especially in highly urbanized areas as a result of unregulated exploitation, thus leaving behind an insufficient volume of usable freshwater. Presently Ganges river basin, the sixth largest prolific fluvial system and sustaining a huge population in South Asia, is witnessed to face (i) aquifer vulnerability through surface waterborne pollutant and (ii) groundwater stress due to summer drying of river as a result of indiscriminate groundwater abstraction. The present study focuses on a detailed sub‐hourly to seasonally varying interaction study and flux quantification between river Ganges and groundwater in the Indian subcontinent which is one of the first documentations done on a drying perennial river system that feeds an enormous population. Contributing parameters to the total discharge of a river at its middle course on both temporal and spatial scale is estimated through three‐component hydrograph separation and end‐member mixing analysis using high‐resolution water isotope (δ18O and δ2H) and electrical conductivity data. Results from this model report groundwater discharge in river to be the highest in pre‐monsoon, that is, 30%, whereas, during post‐monsoon the contribution lowers to 25%; on the contrary, during peak monsoon, the flow direction reverses thus recharging the groundwater which is also justified using annual piezometric hydrographs of both river water and groundwater. River water‐groundwater interaction also shows quantitative variability depending on river morphometry. The current study also provides insight on aquifer vulnerability as a result of pollutant mixing through interaction and plausible attempts towards groundwater management. The present study is one of the first in South Asian countries that provides temporally and spatially variable detailed quantification of baseflow and estimates contributing parameters to the river for a drying mega fluvial system.
Angular optimization for cancer identification with circularly polarized light
Authors: Nishizawa Nozomi , Al‐Qadi Bassam , Kuchimaru Takahiro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDepolarization of circularly polarized light scattered from biological tissues depends on structural changes in cell nuclei, which can provide valuable information for differentiating cancer tissues concealed in healthy tissues. In this study, we experimentally verified the possibility of cancer identification using scattering of circularly polarized light. We investigated the polarization of light scattered from a sliced biological tissue with various optical configurations. A significant difference between circular polarizations of light scattered from cancerous and healthy tissues is observed, which is sufficient to distinguish a cancerous region. The line‐scanning experiments along a region incorporating healthy and cancerous parts indicate step‐like behaviors in the degree of circular polarization corresponding to the state of tissues, whether cancerous or normal. An oblique and perpendicular incidence induces different resolutions for identifying cancerous tissues, which indicates that the optical arrangement can be selected according to the priority of resolution.
A representation learning approach for recovering scatter‐corrected spectra from Fourier‐transform infrared spectra of tissue samples
Authors: Raulf Arne P. , Butke Joshua , Menzen Lukas , Küpper Claus , Großerueschkamp Frederik , Gerwert Klaus , Mosig Axel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInfrared spectra obtained from cell or tissue specimen have commonly been observed to involve a significant degree of scattering effects, often Mie scattering, which probably overshadows biochemically relevant spectral information by a nonlinear, nonadditive spectral component in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic measurements. Correspondingly, many successful machine learning approaches for FTIR spectra have relied on preprocessing procedures that computationally remove the scattering components from an infrared spectrum. We propose an approach to approximate this complex preprocessing function using deep neural networks. As we demonstrate, the resulting model is not just several orders of magnitudes faster, which is important for real‐time clinical applications, but also generalizes strongly across different tissue types. Using Bayesian machine learning approaches, our approach unveils model uncertainty that coincides with a band shift in the amide I region that occurs when scattering is removed computationally based on an established physical model. Furthermore, our proposed method overcomes the trade‐off between computation time and the corrected spectrum being biased towards an artificial reference spectrum.
The Effect of an Exercise Intervention Program on Bone Health After Bariatric Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Diniz-Sousa Florêncio , Veras Lucas , Boppre Giorjines , Sa-Couto Pedro , Devezas Vítor , Santos-Sousa Hugo , Preto John , Vilas-Boas João Paulo , Machado Leandro , Oliveira José , Fonseca Hélder 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Exercise has been suggested as a therapeutic approach to attenuate bone loss induced by bariatric surgery (BS), but its effectiveness remains unclear. Our aim was to determine if an exercise-training program could induce benefits on bone mass after BS. Eighty-four patients, submitted to gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy, were randomized to either exercise (EG) or control group (CG). One month post-BS, EG underwent a 11-month supervised multicomponent exercise program, while CG received only standard medical care. Patients were assessed before BS and at 1, 6, and 12 months post-BS for body composition, areal bone mineral density (BMD), bone turnover markers, calciotropic hormones, sclerostin, bone material strength index, muscle strength, and daily physical activity. A primary analysis was conducted according to intention-to-treat principles and the primary outcome was the between-group difference on lumbar spine BMD at 12 months post-BS. A secondary analysis was also performed to analyze if the exercise effect depended on training attendance. Twelve months post-BS, primary analysis results revealed that EG had a higher BMD at lumbar spine (+0.024 g∙cm−2 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.004, 0.044]; p = .015) compared with CG. Among total hip, femoral neck, and 1/3 radius secondary outcomes, only 1/3 radius BMD improved in EG compared with CG (+0.013 g∙cm−2 [95% CI 0.003, 0.023]; p = .020). No significant exercise effects were observed on bone biochemical markers or bone material strength index. EG also had a higher lean mass (+1.5 kg [95% CI 0.1, 2.9]; p = .037) and higher number of high impacts (+51.4 [95% CI 6.6, 96.1]; p = .026) compared with CG. In addition, secondary analysis results suggest that exercise-induced benefits may be obtained on femoral neck BMD but only on those participants with ≥50% exercise attendance compared with CG (+5.3% [95% CI 2.0, 8.6]; p = .006). Our findings suggest that an exercise program is an effective strategy to ameliorate bone health in post-BS patients. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Presence and severity of suicidal thoughts and behaviors across the eating disorder diagnostic spectrum: A pilot study
Authors: Duffy Mary E. , Siegfried Nicole , Bass Garrett , Joiner Thomas E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesThere is a dearth of research on suicidal thoughts and behaviors among eating disorder patients diagnosed with binge eating disorder (BED) or other specified feeding or eating disorder (OSFED). This pilot study evaluated presence and severity of suicidal thoughts and behaviors by eating disorder diagnosis in a transdiagnostic clinical eating disorder sample.MethodsParticipants were individuals (N = 257; 91.1% female; 94.6% Caucasian) currently receiving eating disorder treatment for anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), BED, or OSFED. Participants completed online measures of variables.ResultsLifetime and current presence and severity of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts were statistically similar among diagnostic groups.ConclusionThough largely overlooked, treatment‐utilizing individuals with BED and OSFED may experience elevated rates and severity of suicidal thoughts and behaviors, like those with AN and BN. Attention to suicide‐related risk assessment and management is needed when treating individuals with eating disorders, regardless of diagnosis.
Social participation and posttraumatic growth: The serial mediation of hope, social support, and reappraisal
Authors: Laslo‐Roth Roni , George‐Levi Sivan , Margalit Malka 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn light of the global crisis created by the outbreak of the coronavirus and the disease it causes, coronavirus disease 2019, the goal of the study was to detect factors that might enhance people's ability to experience positive psychological change during traumatic events. As such, this study examined the relationship between social participation and posttraumatic growth (PTG) during the coronavirus outbreak and tested the mediating role of hope, social support, and cognitive reappraisal in explaining this relationship. The sample consisted of 275 participants (21.8% male, and 78.2% female, with an average age of 33.42,SD = 13.63), subjected to social‐distancing regulations during this period. Results demonstrated a serial mediation model in which social participation predicted PTG directly and indirectly through hope (pathways and agency), social support, and cognitive reappraisal. The importance of social participation in nourishing personal resources and practical implications including the need for prevention programs are discussed.
Validation of sonographic assistance for placement of a nasogastric tube in pediatric patients
Authors: Choi Edward , Korostensky Michael , Walker Andrew , Spencer Adam 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeEnteral access via nasogastric tube (NGT) placement can be essential in the provision of care in pediatric patients. Methods exist to confirm correct placement with success rates between 80% and 85%. Radiographic confirmation remains the “gold‐standard,” however; it exposes patients to ionizing radiation and fails to provide “real‐time” information. In this study, we determined the feasibility of using sonography to assist in the placement of NGT insertions in pediatric patients that have difficulty cooperating.MethodsThirty patients requiring NGT placement were stratified into three age groups. Upon NGT insertion, transverse and longitudinal ultrasound images were acquired to visualize tube progression through the esophagus. Subsequently, a focused ultrasonographic exam of the gastric antrum and body were performed. If amenable, an air bolus (1 mL/kg) was injected in the stomach if the NGT was not directly visualized. Following intubation, standard guidelines for NGT position confirmation were performed.ResultsThe NGT was visualized in all esophageal views and 52% of gastric views. Subgroup analysis showed that successful visualization of tube placement in the stomach ranged from 40% (7‐18 years) to 70% (3‐6 years). Eighty percentage of air boluses injected were visualized.ConclusionThe use of ultrasonography may assist NGT placement in pediatric patients and reduce the incidence of suboptimal placement during insertion. We demonstrated successful NGT visualization through the esophagus regardless of age. NGT visualization in the stomach was challenging; however, injection of an air bolus may improve visualization. Further studies are required to improve the success rate of obtaining gastric views of the NGT.
Linking personal and professional social responsibility development to microethics and macroethics: Observations from early undergraduate education
Authors: Schiff Daniel S. , Logevall Emma , Borenstein Jason , Newstetter Wendy , Potts Colin , Zegura Ellen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundDeveloping social responsibility attitudes in future engineers and computer scientists is of critical and rising importance. Yet research shows that prosocial attitudes decline during undergraduate engineering education.PurposeInfluenced by the Professional Social Responsibility Development Model (PSRDM), this study explores the connection between undergraduate personal social responsibility attitudes and the development of professional social responsibility attitudes. We consider a wide range of college and precollege influences and inhibitors.Design/MethodWe conducted and analyzed 21 semistructured interviews of second‐year undergraduates, predominantly in engineering and computer science. The interviews form the first collection of qualitative data for a multiyear mixed methods study which has followed a cohort of students since they entered college.ResultsWe find preliminary evidence that social responsibility attitudes tend to be conceptually separated for early undergraduates along two lines: personal and professional considerations, and microlevel and macrolevel concerns. This leads some students to assume that social responsibility obligations can be considered as a weekend project, may fall into place later in one's career, and can generally be deprioritized compared to technical education and career pursuits. Candidate explanations for this divide include early influences from parents, religious values, collegiate social interaction, students' limited familiarity with their future profession, and a social/technical divide and meritocratic ideology in engineering culture.ConclusionsThis study provides qualitative evidence to advance the conceptual understanding of professional social responsibility development. The findings highlight key individual and institutional influences and barriers for scholars and practitioners interested in nurturing prosocial attitudes among engineering students.
Soil properties limiting vegetation establishment along roadsides
Authors: Mills Shad D. , Mamo Martha , Ruis Sabrina J. , Blanco‐Canqui Humberto , Schacht Walter H. , Awada Tala , Li Xu , Sutton Pamela 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRoadside vegetation provides a multitude of ecosystem services, including pollutant remediation, runoff reduction, wildlife habitat, and aesthetic scenery. Establishment of permanent vegetation along paved roads after construction can be challenging, particularly within 1 m of the pavement. Adverse soil conditions could be one of the leading factors limiting roadside vegetation growth. In this study, we assessed soil physical and chemical properties along a transect perpendicular to the road at six microtopographic positions (road edge, shoulder, side slope, ditch, backslope, and field edge) along two highway segments near Beaver Crossing and Sargent, NE. At the Beaver Crossing site, Na concentration was 81 times, exchangeable Na 66 times, and cone index (compaction parameter) six times higher at the road‐edge position (closest to the paved road and with sparse vegetation) compared to positions with abundant vegetation (ditch or field edge). At the Sargent site, Na concentration was 111 times, exchangeable Na 213 times, and cone index up to two times higher at the road‐edge position compared with ditch or field‐edge positions. Likewise, electrical conductivity was higher and macroaggregation and water infiltration were lower at the road edge than at the ditch or field‐edge positions. Soil properties improved with increasing distance from the road. Exchangeable Na percentage and cone index at the road‐edge position exceeded threshold levels for the growth of sensitive plants. Thus, high Na concentration and increased compaction at the road edge appear to be the leading soil properties limiting vegetation establishment along Nebraska highways.
Extracellular vesicles: Natural liver‐accumulating drug delivery vehicles for the treatment of liver diseases
Authors: Zhang Gensheng , Huang Xiaofang , Xiu Huiqing , Sun Yan , Chen Jiming , Cheng Guoping , Song Zhengbo , Peng Yanmei , Shen Yingying , Wang Jianli , Cai Zhijian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are excellent potential vectors for the delivery of therapeutic drugs. However, issues with biological safety and disease targeting substantially limit their clinical application. EVs from red blood cells (RBC‐EVs) are potential drug delivery vehicles because of their unique biological safety. Here, we demonstrated that EVs, including RBC‐EVs, show natural liver accumulation. Mechanistically, the liver environment induces macrophages to phagocytize RBC‐EVs in a C1q‐dependent manner. RBC‐EVs loaded with antisense oligonucleotides of microRNA‐155 showed macrophage‐dependent protective effects against acute liver failure (ALF) in a mouse model. These RBC‐EVs were also effective in treatment of ALF. Furthermore, compared to routine doses of doxorubicin and sorafenib (SRF), RBC‐EVs loaded with doxorubicin or SRF showed enhanced therapeutic effects on a murine model of orthotopic liver cancer through a mechanism dependent on macrophages. Importantly, drug‐loaded RBC‐EVs showed no systemic toxicity at therapeutically effective doses, whereas routine doses of doxorubicin and SRF showed obvious toxicity. Thus, drug‐loaded RBC‐EVs hold high potential for clinical applications in the treatment of liver disease therapy.
Association of CLU gene polymorphism with Parkinson's disease in the Chinese Han population
Authors: Lin Yuwan , Lu Lin , Zhou Miaomiao , Liu HanQun , Ye Panghai , Zhang Wenlong , Qiu Jiewen , Zhang Zhiling , Yang Xinling , Ding Liuyan , Guo Wenyuan , Mo Mingshu , Zhu Xiaoqin , Zhang Xiaokang , Chen Xiang , Xu Pingyi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundClusterin (CLU) plays important role in the pathology of neurodegenerative disorders. Recently, a genetic variant of CLU rs9331896 has been reported as a risk estimate for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the association between this variant and the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) in the Chinese Han population remains elusive.MethodsWe sequenced CLU rs9331896 in 353 PD patients and 326 healthy‐matched individuals of the Chinese Han population. The genotypes of rs9331896 were analyzed using MassArray (Agena Bioscience, San Diego, CA, USA) in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. The distribution of genotypes and allelic frequencies was analyzed by a chi‐squared test. Additionally, the expression of CLU protein in plasma was evaluated by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and analysed with a t‐test.ResultsThe TT genotype in rs9331896 in a recessive model was found to be associated with the increased risk of PD (odds ratio = 1.408, 95% confidence interval = 1.034–1.916, p = 0.029). Subgroup analysis indicated that TT genotype carriers showed a significantly higher risk in male PD patients compared to male healthy controls (odds ratio = 1.611, 95% confidence interval = 1.046–2.483, p = 0.030). In addition, CLU levels in the plasma of PD patients were significantly higher than controls (p = 0.024).ConclusionsThe CLU‐rs9331896‐TT genotype was a risk factor for PD, particularly in males. PD patients also expressed a high level of CLU in plasma.
Long‐term disease course of two patients with multiple sulfatase deficiency differs from metachromatic leukodystrophy in a broad cohort
Authors: Beck‐Wödl Stefanie , Kehrer Christiane , Harzer Klaus , Haack Tobias B. , Bürger Friederike , Haas Dorothea , Rieß Angelika , Groeschel Samuel , Krägeloh‐Mann Ingeborg , Böhringer Judith 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMultiple sulfatase deficiency (MSD) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency of formylglycine‐generating enzyme due to SUMF1 defects. MSD may be misdiagnosed as metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD), as neurological and neuroimaging findings are similar, and arylsulfatase A (ARSA) deficiency and enhanced urinary sulfatide excretion may also occur. While ARSA deficiency seems a cause for neurological symptoms and later neurodegenerative disease course, deficiency of other sulfatases results in clinical features such as dysmorphism, dysostosis, or ichthyosis. We report on a girl and a boy of the same origin presenting with severe ARSA deficiency and neurological and neuroimaging features compatible with MLD. However, exome sequencing revealed not yet described homozygosity of the missense variant c.529G > C, p.Ala177Pro in SUMF1. We asked whether dynamics of disease course differs between MSD and MLD. Comparison to a cohort of 59 MLD patients revealed different disease course concerning onset and disease progression in both MSD patients. The MSD patients showed first gross motor symptoms earlier than most patients with juvenile MLD (<10th percentile of Gross‐Motor‐Function in MLD [GMFC‐MLD] 1). However, subsequent motor decline was more protracted (75th and 90th percentile of GMFC‐MLD 2 (loss of independent walking) and 75th percentile of GMFC‐MLD 5 (loss of any locomotion)). Language decline started clearly after 50th percentile of juvenile MLD and progressed rapidly. Thus, dynamics of disease course may be a further clue for the characterization of MSD. These data may contribute to knowledge of natural course of ultra‐rare MSD and be relevant for counseling and therapy.
Relationship between altered knee kinematics and subchondral bone remodeling in a clinically translational model of ACL injury
Authors: White McKenzie S. , Brancati Ross J. , Lepley Lindsey K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAbnormal joint kinematics are commonly reported in the acute and chronic stages of recovery after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and have long been mechanistically implicated as a primary driver in the development of posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Though strongly theorized, it is unclear to what extent biomechanical adaptations after ACL injury culminate in the development of PTOA, as data that directly connects these factors does not exist. Using a preclinical, noninvasive ACL injury rodent model, our objective was to explore the direct effect of an isolated ACL injury on joint kinematics and the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the development of PTOA. A total of 32, 16‐week‐old Long‐Evans rats were exposed to a noninvasive ACL injury. Marker‐less deep learning software (DeepLabCut) was used to track animal movement for sagittal‐plane kinematic analyses and micro computed tomography was used to evaluate subchondral bone architecture at days 7, 14, 28, and 56 following injury. There was a significant decrease in peak knee flexion during walking (p < .05), which had a moderate‐to‐strong negative correlation (r = −.59 to −.71; p < .001) with subchondral bone plate porosity in all load bearing regions of the femur and tibia. Additional comprehensive analyses of knee flexion profiles revealed dramatic alterations throughout the step cycle. This occurred alongside considerable loss of epiphyseal trabecular bone and substantial changes in anatomical orientation. Knee flexion angle and subchondral bone microarchitecture are severely impacted after ACL injury. Reductions in peak knee flexion angle after ACL injury are directly associated with subchondral bone plate remodeling.