bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engaging nursing students and older adults through service-learning
Authors: Gipson Christine S. , Delello Julie A. , McWhorter Rochell R. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine nursing students’ (n = 18) perceptions of interrelating with older adults to understand how such interactions might improve students’ levels of cultural competence and enhance their future nursing practice. Additionally, the study sought to contribute to a higher level of technological competency in older adults.

Design/methodology/approach
A basic qualitative study design (Merriam and Tisdell, 2016) was used to direct the data collection and analysis to achieve the aims of this study.

Findings
Four themes emerged from the data collected based on cultural knowledge, cultural skills, cultural desire and engaging in cross-cultural interactions. Students reflected on how their experiences would help them to interact with older adults in their future nursing practices.

Research limitations/implications
The limitation of the research is that the exploratory study cannot be generalized for a wider demographic. Also, the students’ prior experiences working with older adults were not considered and their reflections may not have accurately portrayed their true biases.

Practical implications
Reflection is a valuable practice to help students think through their experiences and is considered a key component of service-learning. In this study, students reflected on how their experiences would help them to interact with older adults in their future nursing practices.

Social implications
Nursing students who are later used take with them empathy, more sensitivity and positive attitudes toward older people to benefit the nurse-patient relationship with this population.

Originality/value
This is one of a handful of studies located that pairs nursing students with older people in teaching technology skills through iPad technology.
Use of duration and rise time cues in the labelling of affricate and fricative speech sounds by children with reading difficulties
Authors: Antony Hughes J. , Tree Jeremy , Reed Phil 
Published: December 2020

Differentiation of speech is predictable from abilities to discriminate the speed at which a sound reaches its optimum amplitude (rise time). This study investigated whether rise time identification of an affricate–fricative continuum would be impacted upon by dyslexia. Children between 10 and 14 years old identified sounds along a continuum of fricative to affricate sounds (cha–sha continuum), using a novel automated learning rise time identification task. Those with higher dyslexia likelihoods (measured by the Dyslexia Screening Test – Secondary), and poor reading scores (measured by the British Abilities Scales), showed a difference in rise time identification; greater distances between rise times were needed for those with a high risk of dyslexia to recognise fricative–affricate differences than for controls. These results were not impacted upon by IQ scores.
Effects of wildfire on vegetation and understory avian communities in montane rainforests, north‐eastern Tanzania
Authors: Mapunda Rajabu , John Jasson R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Eastern Arc Mountains are part of the Eastern Afromontane global biodiversity hotspot with a remarkable concentration of endemic species. Wildfire is among the major threats to biodiversity of forested mountains. This study assessed the effect of forest fire on the vegetation and understory birds in the Magamba montane forest, 5 years post a major fire outbreak. Mist‐net transects were used to sample understory birds. During the breeding season, active bird nests were searched using the time‐constrained method in both burnt and unburnt forests. Vegetation plots were sampled along the mist‐net transects, and shrubs and trees were identified and counted. The diversity of trees and shrubs, tree density per plot and canopy cover were significantly higher at unburnt than burnt sites with no difference in shrub density per plot. Bird species composition and number of nests between burnt and unburnt forests differed significantly with a considerable decline of forest interior bird specialists in burnt areas. An invasive plant species, Acacia melanoxylon, was found in dense groves within burnt sites and if not controlled, would escalate the fire regimes to further affecting plants and avian communities. Fire management, restoration and rehabilitation of burnt areas are among the immediate recommended actions.
Exploring the impact of patient and public involvement with young people with a chronic condition: A multilevel analysis
Authors: van Schelven Femke , Groenewegen Peter , Spreeuwenberg Peter , Rademakers Jany , Boeije Hennie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatient and Public Involvement (PPI) of young people with a chronic condition (YPCC) receives increasing attention. However, evidence of its impact is lacking. This study explores the impact of PPI on outcomes of projects in health and social care, using quantitative measures.MethodsData were collected from projects funded by a 4‐year participatory program addressing the social position of YPCC. These projects addressed challenges associated with, for example, going to college with a physical disability, transitions in care and finding a job. Project coordinators filled out project reports with questions about PPI, that is, to what extent were YPCC involved, were they involved as co‐deciders and were they involved in developing the project idea. YPCC filled out questionnaires with questions about PPI, that is, the number of PPI activities and self‐perceived importance for the project. They also answered questions about the influence of the project on their social position. Based on these questions, a project outcome scale was developed.ResultsThe data concerned 17 projects and 146 YPCC. Variation existed in project outcomes, of which 27% was associated with differences between projects. Using multilevel analyses, a significant relation was found between the self‐perceived importance of YPCC for the project and the project outcomes they experience (0.232, p < 0.01). There was no significant association with the other PPI variables.ConclusionsThis study provided some first quantitative evidence that PPI has a positive impact on the YPCC involved. It is suggested that the meaningfulness of PPI matters more to them than the number of activities and amount of influence provided to YPCC. We strongly recommend conducting more research that critically examines impact of PPI.
Comparative efficacy and safety of biologics in moderate to severe plaque psoriasis: a multiple‐treatments meta‐analysis
Authors: Xu Shanshan , Gao Xing , Deng Jixiang , Yang Jiajia , Pan Faming 
Published: December 2020

SummaryObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and safety of biologics for patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.MethodsWe systematically reviewed 60 randomized controlled trials (34,020 participants), which compared 14 biological drugs for treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. The main assessment criteria were ≥ 90 % reductions in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 90) and the number of patients who reported treatment‐emergent adverse events (AEs). Secondary criteria were ≥ 75 % reductions in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 75), Physician’s Global Assessment 0/1 (PGA 0/1) and infections.ResultsThis network meta‐analysis showed that biologics were significantly more effective than placebo. Ixekizumab, risankizumab, and bimekizumab were among the most effective treatments, and tildrakizumab, guselkumab and risankizumab were better than the other drugs with respect to safety. Risankizumab and guselkumab performed relatively stable with respect to both efficacy and safety. At the class level, blockers of interleukin (IL)‐17A showed favorable efficacy while inhibitors of the p19 subunit of IL‐23 were best tolerated of all efficient biologics.ConclusionsIxekizumab was the most effective biologic in PASI 90, while IL‐23p19 inhibitors, risankizumab and guselkumab performed relatively stable with respect to efficacy and safety.
HIV medicine for dermatologists and venereologists
Authors: Esser Stefan , Sammet Stefanie 
Published: December 2020

SummaryBroad administration of combined antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically reduced the morbidity and mortality of the HIV‐infection and substantially improved the life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLWH). PLWH, who are effectively treated with an ART, are considered to be unable to transmit HIV. The standard of care is usually an antiretroviral single tablet regimen. Since 2015 the Robert Koch Institute has reported a slight decrease in the rate of recently diagnosed HIV‐infections in Germany, but the proportion of late presenters (initial diagnosis in advanced stages of infection) has remained consistently high at around 32 % since 2005. HIV‐infections have not been diagnosed in 10,800 PLWH so far. In comparison to the general population PLWH suffer more frequently from skin diseases. Depending on the stage of immunodeficiency, untreated PLWH develop HIV indicator diseases of the skin and the mucocutaneous membranes. Knowledge of these diseases facilitates the selection of individuals who should be offered HIV testing. Early diagnosis of HIV‐infections allows early introduction of the ART, prevents the spread of HIV and reduces the mortality rates and treatment costs associated with late diagnosis. HIV is a predominantly sexually transmitted infection. Through focused sexual anamnesis and the diagnosis of HIV indicator diseases and other sexually transmitted infections, dermatovenereologists in particular may be able to identify previously undiagnosed PLWH and persons with an increased risk of HIV infection, enabling initiation of ART in the former and pre‐exposure prophylaxis counseling in the latter.
A decrease in plasma glucose levels is required for increased endogenous glucose production with a single administration of a sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor tofogliflozin
Authors: Yamasaki Nozomu , Tamura Yoshifumi , Kaga Hideyoshi , Sato Motonori , Kiya Mai , Kadowaki Satoshi , Suzuki Ruriko , Furukawa Yasuhiko , Sugimoto Daisuke , Funayama Takashi , Someya Yuki , Kakehi Saori , Nojiri Shuko , Satoh Hiroaki , Kawamori Ryuzo , Watada Hirotaka 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate whether changes in endogenous glucose production (EGP) and insulin and glucagon levels are elicited by the decrease in plasma glucose (PG) levels induced by the sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitor tofogliflozin.Materials and MethodsWe evaluated EGP in 12 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes under the conditions of no drugs administered (CON), single administration of the SGLT2 inhibitor tofogliflozin (TOF), and single administration of TOF with adjustment of PG levels with exogenous glucose infusion to mimic changes in PG levels observed with CON (TOF + G). We evaluated changes in EGP and levels of C‐peptide and glucagon from baseline to 180 minutes after drug administration.ResultsEndogenous glucose production decreased in the CON (−0.22 ± 0.11 mg/kg·min) and TOF + G experiments (−0.31 ± 0.24 mg/kg·min), but not in the TOF experiment (+0.08 ± 0.19 mg/kg·min). The decrease in C‐peptide was significantly greater in the TOF experiment (−0.11 ± 0.06 nmol/L) than in the CON (−0.03 ± 0.06 nmol/L) and the TOF + G experiments (−0.01 ± 0.11 nmol/L), while the increase in glucagon was significantly greater in the TOF experiment (+11.1 ± 6.3 pmol/L), but not in the TOF + G experiment (+8.6 ± 7.6 pmol/L) compared to the CON experiment (+5.1 ± 4.3 pmol/L).ConclusionsThese results indicate that the decrease in PG levels induced by SGLT2 inhibitor administration is required for the increase in EGP and decrease in insulin secretion.
Growth of marine ectotherms is regionally constrained and asymmetric with latitude
Authors: Reed Adam J. , Godbold Jasmin A. , Grange Laura J. , Solan Martin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimGrowth rates of organisms are routinely used to summarize physiological performance, but the consequences of local evolutionary history and ecology are largely missed by analyses on wide biogeographical scales. This broad approach has been commonly applied to other physiological parameters across terrestrial and aquatic environments. Here, we examine growth rates of marine bivalves across all biogeographical realms, latitude, and temperature, with analyses to determine regional effects on growth on global scales.LocationGlobal: marine ecosystems.Time period1930–2018.Major taxaBivalves.MethodsWe use a comprehensive data set of bivalve growth parameters (n = 966, 243 species) representing all biogeographical realms to calculate overall growth performances. We use these data with environmental temperature to analyse global patterns in growth, accounting for regional primary productivity and phylogeny using general additive mixed and linear models. The Arrhenius relationship and corresponding activation energies are used to quantify the sensitivity to temperature in each biogeographical realm and province.ResultsOur analyses show that bivalve growth demonstrates latitudinal asymmetry and exhibits nonlinear relationships with latitude. We find that overall growth performance is affected by temperature and particulate organic carbon, but the form of these relationships differs with phylogeny. Growth is slower and more sensitive to increasing temperature in the Antarctic than it is in the Arctic, and decreases with increasing temperature in some tropical realms, a previously unidentified and fundamental difference in growth and physiological sensitivity.Main conclusionsOur findings provide compelling evidence that the widely used curvilinear relationship between temperature and growth rates in marine ectotherms is an inappropriate descriptor of thermal sensitivity, because it normalizes regional variations in physiological performance. Without a more detailed assessment of global physiological patterns, the responses of species to local variations associated with climate change will be under‐appreciated in global assessments of climate risk, minimizing the effectiveness of management and conservation.
Discussion of “Prediction, Estimation, and Attribution” by Bradley Efron
Authors: Friedman Jerome , Hastie Trevor , Tibshirani Robert 
Published: December 2020

SummaryProfessor Efron has presented us with a thought‐provoking paper on the relationship between prediction, estimation, and attribution in the modern era of data science. While we appreciate many of his arguments, we see more of a continuum between the old and new methodology, and the opportunity for both to improve through their synergy.
Potential overdiagnosis of long QT syndrome using exercise stress and QT stand testing in children and adolescents with a low probability of disease
Authors: Roston Thomas M. , De Souza Astrid M. , Romans Hilary V. , Franciosi Sonia , Armstrong Kathryn R. , Sanatani Shubhayan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundLong QT syndrome (LQTS) is a dangerous arrhythmia disorder that often presents in childhood and adolescence. The exercise stress test (EST) and QT‐stand test may unmask QT interval prolongation at key heart rate transition points in LQTS, but their utility in children is debated.ObjectiveTo determine if the QT‐stand test or EST can differentiate children with a low probability of LQTS from those with confirmed LQTS.MethodsThis retrospective study compares the corrected QT intervals (QTc) of children (<19 years) during the QT‐stand test and EST. Patients were divided into three groups for comparison: confirmed LQTS (n = 14), low probability of LQTS (n = 14), and a control population (n = 9).ResultsUsing the Bazett formula, confirmed LQTS patients had longer QTc intervals than controls when supine, standing, and at 3–4 min of recovery (p ≤ .01). Patients with a low probability of LQTS had longer QTc duration upon standing (p = .018) and at 1 min of recovery (p = .016) versus controls. There were no significant QTc differences at any transition point between low probability and confirmed LQTS. Using the Fridericia formula, differences in QTc between low probability and confirmed LQTS were also absent at the transition points examined, except at 1 min into exercise, where low probability patients had shorter QTc intervals (437 vs. 460 ms, p = .029).ConclusionThe diagnostic utility of the QT stand test and EST remains unclear in pediatric LQTS. The formula used for heart rate correction may influence accuracy, and dynamic T–U wave morphology changes may confound interpretation in low probability situations.
Bile‐duct ligation renders the brain susceptible to hypotension‐induced neuronal degeneration: Implications of ammonia
Authors: Clément Marc‐André , Bosoi Cristina R. , Oliveira Mariana M. , Tremblay Mélanie , Bémeur Chantal , Rose Christopher F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a debilitating neurological complication of cirrhosis. By definition, HE is considered a reversible disorder, and therefore HE should resolve following liver transplantation (LT). However, persisting neurological complications are observed in as many as 47% of LT recipients. LT is an invasive surgical procedure accompanied by various perioperative factors such as blood loss and hypotension which could influence outcomes post‐LT. We hypothesize that minimal HE (MHE) renders the brain frail and susceptible to hypotension‐induced neuronal cell death. Six‐week bile duct‐ligated (BDL) rats with MHE and respective SHAM‐controls were used. Several degrees of hypotension (mean arterial pressure of 30, 60 and 90 mm Hg) were induced via blood withdrawal from the femoral artery and maintained for 120 min. Brains were collected for neuronal cell count and apoptotic analysis. In a separate group, BDL rats were treated for MHE with the ammonia‐lowering strategy ornithine phenylacetate (OP; MNK‐6105), administered orally (1 g/kg) for 3 weeks before induction of hypotension. Hypotension 30 and 60 mm Hg (not 90 mm Hg) significantly decreased neuronal marker expression (NeuN) and cresyl violet staining in the frontal cortex compared to respective hypotensive SHAM‐operated controls as well as non‐hypotensive BDL rats. Neuronal degeneration was associated with an increase in cleaved caspase‐3, suggesting the mechanism of cell death was apoptotic. OP treatment attenuated hyperammonaemia, improved anxiety and activity, and protected the brain against hypotension‐induced neuronal cell death. Our findings demonstrate that rats with chronic liver disease and MHE are more susceptible to hypotension‐induced neuronal cell degeneration. This highlights MHE at the time of LT is a risk factor for poor neurological outcome post‐transplant and that treating for MHE pre‐LT might reduce this risk.
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Activated KCNQ1 channel promotes fibrogenic response in hereditary gingival fibromatosis via clustering and activation of Ras
Authors: Gao Qian , Yang Chengcan , Meng Liuyan , Wang Ziming , Chen Dong , Peng Yao , Yang Kai , Bian Zhuan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveActivated potassium channels were found to be strongly correlated with gingival overgrowth (GO) phenotype as we reviewed syndromic hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF). Nevertheless, the functional roles of potassium channels in gingival fibrosis or gingival overgrowth remained uncovered. The aim of the present study was to explore the pathogenic role of aberrantly activated potassium channel in Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis (HGF).MethodsGingival tissues were collected from 9 HGF patients and 15 normal controls. Expression of KCNQ1 was detected by immunohistochemistry. Gingival fibroblasts were isolated, and outward K+ currents were detected by whole‐cell patch‐clamp analysis, transmembrane potential was determined by flow cytometry. Normal human gingival fibroblasts (NHGFs) were transfected with KCNQ1 adenovirus or treated with KCNQ1 selective agonist ML277 and antagonist chromanol 293B. Accumulation of Extracellular Matrix (ECM) was measured by Western blotting and Sircol Soluble Collagen Assay. Content of secreted TGF‐β1 was measured by ELISA. Active RAS pull‐down assay and cell immunofluorescence were utilized to verify RAS activation.ResultsKCNQ1 was upregulated in gingival tissues derived from HGF patients and HGF gingival fibroblasts presented increased outward K+ currents than NHGFs. Overexpression of KCNQ1, or KCNQ1 agonist ML277, promoted fibrotic responses of NHGFs. TGF‐β1 and KCNQ1 channels formed a positive feed‐back loop. ML277 generated lateral clustering and activation of Ras on plasma membrane, followed by augmented MAPK/AP‐1 signaling pathway output. JNK or ERK1/2 inhibitors suppressed ML277‐induced AP‐1 and ECM upregulation.ConclusionActivation of KCNQ1 potassium channel promoted fibrogenic responses in NHGFs via Ras/MAPK/AP‐1 signaling.
Dual Bayesian inference for risk‐informed vibration‐based damage diagnosis
Authors: Sajedi Seyedomid , Liang Xiao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAutomation in structural health monitoring (SHM) has greatly benefited from computer science's recent advances. Unlike images, the existing datasets for other types of input, such as vibration‐based damage data, are relatively smaller, less diverse, and highly imbalanced. Therefore, the reliability of data‐driven models developed for safety‐critical assessments can be questionable. This paper proposes a dual Bayesian inference where damage predictions are accompanied by measuring the model's confidence in predictions. First, it is shown how dual classification is integrated with Bayesian inference. Later, we introduce a surrogate deep learning module to transform the raw uncertainty output into an easily interpretable prediction uncertainty index (PUI). The PUI metric can be used to alarm a decision‐maker of the potential mistakes. The proposed dual Bayesian models are investigated on a 2D structure with seven different sensor layouts. Our approach yields increased robustness for different metrics compared with the benchmark. In addition to the performance boost, PUI information paves the way for a risk‐informed implementation of deep learning models in vibration‐based damage diagnosis.
PG1659 functions as anti‐sigma factor to extracytoplasmic function sigma factor RpoE in Porphyromonas gingivalis W83
Authors: Dou Yuetan , Rutanhira Hiel , Schormann Norbert , Deivanayagam Champion , Fletcher Hansel M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAnti‐sigma factors play a critical role in regulating the expression of sigma factors in response to environmental stress signals. PG1659 is cotranscribed with an upstream gene PG1660 (rpoE), which encodes for a sigma factor that plays an important role in oxidative stress resistance and the virulence regulatory network of P. gingivalis. PG1659, which is annotated as a hypothetical gene, is evaluated in this study. PG1659, composed of 130 amino acids, is predicted to be transmembrane protein with a single calcium (Ca2+) binding site. In P. gingivalis FLL358 (ΔPG1659::ermF), the rpoE gene was highly upregulated compared to the wild‐type W83 strain. RpoE‐induced genes were also upregulated in the PG1659‐defective isogenic mutant. Both protein‐protein pull‐down and bacterial two‐hybrid assays revealed that the PG1659 protein could interact with/bind RpoE. The N‐terminal domain of PG1659, representing the cytoplasmic fragment of the protein, is critical for interaction with RpoE. In the presence of PG1659, the initiation of transcription by the RpoE sigma factor was inhibited. Taken together, our data suggest that PG1659 is an anti‐sigma factor which plays an important regulatory role in the modulation of the sigma factor RpoE in P. gingivalis.