bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predatory viability of the nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans on the infective larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep following storage and refrigeration
Authors: Vilela Vinícius Longo Ribeiro , Costa Paulo Wbiratan Loes da , Silva Francisca Flávia da , Bezerra Hermano Manoel Francisco Figueiredo , Oliveira Leonardo Vinicius Silva de , Dantas Maysa De Oliveira , Feitosa Thais Ferreira , Araújo Jackson Victor de , Braga Fabio Ribeiro 
Published: November 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vivo predatory viability of the nematophagous fungus, Duddingtonia flagrans, after storage (36 months) and refrigeration (2-8 °C). This viability was evaluated using the infective larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in the Northeastern semi-arid region of Brazil. Sixteen Santa Inês sheep with negative counting of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) were divided into four experimental groups, each group comprised of four animals. The pellets were administered at the dose of 3 g/10 kg of live weight (20% fungal micelyum), and a single administration was performed for each animal. Group I was administered pellets that had been stored for 36 months; Group II, freshly produced pellets; Group III, freshly produced pellets that did not contain fungi; and Group IV, pellets were not administered, and this was the control group. Feces were collected for 5 days, every 24 h for analysis. There was a significant decrease in the number of infective larvae of sheep nematodes that received D. flagrans pellets in a sodium alginate matrix, 82% was observed for Group I and 71% for Group II, compared to the control group. It is therefore concluded that the fungus, D. flagrans, pelleted in sodium alginate matrix after 36 months of storage at 2-8 °C, showed efficacy in reducing the number of infective larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep.
Sectarian Games: Sovereign Power, War Machines and Regional Order in the Middle East
Authors: Mabon Simon 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Amidst violent contestation across the Middle East leaving regimes facing – or fearing – popular protests, the regulation of political life became increasingly important. Across the past century, the development of political projects has been driven by regime efforts to maintain power, constructing regime-society relations in such a way to ensure their survival. As a consequence, security is not given; rather, it reflects the concerns of elites and embeds their concerns within society, using a range of domestic, regional and geopolitical strategies to meet their needs. These strategies play on a range of different fears and currents to locate regime interests within broader concerns. A key part of such efforts involves the cultivation and suppression of particular identities, often resulting in contestation and uncertainty within and between states. Drawing on the ideas of Giorgio Agamben, Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, the article argues that the regulation of sect-based identities – and difference – has been a key part of governance strategies in divided societies across the Middle East, albeit varying across time and space.
Recommended motor assessments based on psychometric properties in individuals with dementia: a systematic review
Authors: Trautwein Sandra , Maurus Philipp , Barisch-Fritz Bettina , Hadzic Anela , Woll Alexander 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Motor assessments are important to determine effectiveness of physical activity in individuals with dementia (IWD). However, inappropriate and non-standardised assessments without sound psychometric properties have been used. This systematic review aims to examine psychometric properties of motor assessments in IWD combined with frequency of use and effect sizes and to provide recommendations based on observed findings.
We performed a two-stage systematic literature search using Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, ALOIS, and Scopus (inception - July/September 2018, English and German). The first search purposed to identify motor assessments used in randomised controlled trials assessing effectiveness of physical activity in IWD and to display their frequency of use and effect sizes. The second search focused on psychometric properties considering influence of severity and aetiology of dementia and cueing on test-retest reliability. Two reviewers independently extracted and analysed findings of eligible studies in a narrative synthesis.

Results
Literature searches identified 46 randomised controlled trials and 21 psychometric property studies. While insufficient information was available for validity, we observed sufficient inter-rater and relative test-retest reliability but unacceptable absolute test-retest reliability for most assessments. Combining these findings with frequency of use and effect sizes, we recommend Functional Reach Test, Groningen Meander Walking Test (time), Berg Balance Scale, Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment, Timed Up & Go Test, instrumented gait analysis (spatiotemporal parameters), Sit-to-Stand assessments (repetitions> 1), and 6-min walk test. It is important to consider that severity and aetiology of dementia and cueing influenced test-retest reliability of some assessments.

Conclusion
This review establishes an important foundation for future investigations. Sufficient relative reliability supports the conclusiveness of recommended assessments at group level, while unacceptable absolute reliability advices caution in assessing intra-individual changes. Moreover, influences on test-retest reliability suggest tailoring assessments and instructions to IWD and applying cueing only where it is inevitable. Considering heterogeneity of included studies and insufficient examination in various areas, these recommendations are not comprehensive. Further research, especially on validity and influences on test-retest reliability, as well as standardisation and development of tailored assessments for IWD is crucial.
This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018105399).
Variable versus fixed-rate infusion of phenylephrine during cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hasanin Ahmed , Habib Sara , Abdelwahab Yaser , Elsayad Mohamed , Mostafa Maha , Zayed Marwa , Kamel Mohamed Maher , Hussein Kareem , Refaat Sherin , Fouda Ahmed Y. , Wali Ahmed A. , Elshafaei Khaled A. , Mahmoud Doaa , Amin Sarah 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Phenylephrine is the most commonly used vasopressor for prophylaxis against maternal hypotension during cesarean delivery; however, the best regimen for its administration is not well established. Although variable infusion protocols had been suggested for phenylephrine infusion, evidence-based evaluation of variable infusion regimens are lacking. The aim of this work is to compare variable infusion, fixed on-and-off infusion, and intermittent boluses of phenylephrine for prophylaxis against maternal hypotension during cesarean delivery.

Methods
A randomized controlled study was conducted, including full-term pregnant women scheduled for elective cesarean delivery. Participants were divided into three groups which received phenylephrine by either intermittent boluses (1.5 mcg/Kg phenylephrine), fixed on-and-off infusion (with a dose of 0.75 mcg/Kg/min), or variable infusion (with a starting dose of 0.75 mcg/Kg/min). The three groups were compared with regard to frequency of: maternal hypotension (primary outcome), second episode hypotension, reactive hypertension, and bradycardia. Other outcomes included heart rate, systolic blood pressure, physician interventions, and neonatal outcomes.

Results
Two-hundred and seventeen mothers were available for final analysis. The 2 infusion groups showed less incidence of maternal hypotension {26/70 (37%), 22/71 (31%), and (51/76 (67%)} and higher incidence of reactive hypertension compared to the intermittent boluses group without significant differences between the two former groups. The number of physician interventions was highest in the variable infusion group compared to the other two groups. The intermittent boluses group showed lower systolic blood pressure and higher heart rate compared to the two infusion groups; whilst the two later groups were comparable.

Conclusion
Both phenylephrine infusion regimens equally prevented maternal hypotension during cesarean delivery compared to intermittent boluses regimen. Due to higher number of physician interventions in the variable infusion regimen, the current recommendations which favor this regimen over fixed infusion regimen might need re-evaluation.
Pain neuroscience education and physical exercise for patients with chronic spinal pain in primary healthcare: a randomised trial protocol
Authors: Galán-Martín Miguel A. , Montero-Cuadrado Federico , Lluch-Girbes Enrique , Coca-López M. Carmen , Mayo-Iscar Agustín , Cuesta-Vargas Antonio 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundChronic musculoskeletal pain affects more than 20% of the population, and the prevalence is increasing, causing suffering, loss of quality of life, disability, and an enormous expenditure on healthcare resources. The most common location for chronic pain is the spine. Many of the treatments used are mainly passive (pharmacological and invasive) and poor outcomes. The treatments currently applied in the public health system do not comply with the recommendations of the main clinical practice guidelines, which suggest the use of educational measures and physical exercise as the first-line treatment. A protocol based on active coping strategies is described, which will be evaluated through a clinical trial and which could facilitate the transfer of the recommendations of the clinical practice guidelines to a primary care setting.MethodsRandomised and multicentre clinical trials, which will be carried out in 10 Primary Care centres. The trial will compare the effect of a Pain Neuroscience Education program (six sessions, 10 h) and group physical exercise (18 sessions program carried out in six weeks, 18 h), with usual care physiotherapy treatment. Group physical exercise incorporates dual tasks, gaming, and reinforcement of contents of the educational program. The aim is to assess the effect of the intervention on quality of life, as well as on pain, disability, catastrophism, kinesiophobia, central sensitisation, and drug use. The outcome variables will be measured at the beginning of the intervention, after the intervention (week 11), at six months, and a year.DiscussionTherapeutic interventions based on active coping strategies are essential for the treatment of chronic pain and the sustainability of the Public Health System. Demonstrating whether group interventions have an effect size is essential for optimising resources in such a prevalent problem.Trial registrationNCT03654235“Retrospectively registered” 31 August 2018.
Sex and the TEs: transposable elements in sexual development and function in animals
Authors: Dechaud Corentin , Volff Jean-Nicolas , Schartl Manfred , Naville Magali 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTransposable elements are endogenous DNA sequences able to integrate into and multiply within genomes. They constitute a major source of genetic innovations, as they can not only rearrange genomes but also spread ready-to-use regulatory sequences able to modify host gene expression, and even can give birth to new host genes. As their evolutionary success depends on their vertical transmission, transposable elements are intrinsically linked to reproduction. In organisms with sexual reproduction, this implies that transposable elements have to manifest their transpositional activity in germ cells or their progenitors. The control of sexual development and function can be very versatile, and several studies have demonstrated the implication of transposable elements in the evolution of sex. In this review, we report the functional and evolutionary relationships between transposable elements and sexual reproduction in animals. In particular, we highlight how transposable elements can influence expression of sexual development genes, and how, reciprocally, they are tightly controlled in gonads. We also review how transposable elements contribute to the organization, expression and evolution of sexual development genes and sex chromosomes. This underscores the intricate co-evolution between host functions and transposable elements, which regularly shift from a parasitic to a domesticated status useful to the host.
How much can societal turning points affect forecasts’ accuracy in Europe? Case of post-communistic transformation in Slovakia and the Czech Republic
Authors: Bleha Branislav 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIt seems that the least accurate (population) forecasts are those published in the period of great historical turning points both economic and political. Several studies analysed the forecasts’ accuracy in Western countries, but the post-1990 development in the post-communistic countries has not been analysed in this respect. The general goal of the study is to show how hardly predictable and poorly predicted the demographical processes have appeared to be during the major societal and economic turning points after the post-communistic transformation started. To do this, the study first provides an exact measurement of the forecasts’ accuracy in transitioning Slovakia and Czechia. The key finding is that the forecasters either did not recognise the beginning of somewhat completely “new” or underestimated the dimensions of the turning points and turns in the recent trends. Thus, the assumption “drag” shows up much more frequently than some kind of over-reaction. Implicitly, the research re-opens a perpetual question whether methodological–mathematical improvements are more (or less) important than the deep insight into the forecasted processes. Secondly, the study demonstrates the range and dimension of changes that impact the demographic present and future. Here, the alternative future is built and simulated in terms of what the populations would have looked like if the socialist system had not collapsed. It is a quite simple but very smart way how to demonstrate the range of turnover since 1989.
Identification and characterization of salt-tolerance relative miRNAs in Procambarus clarkii by high-throughput sequencing
Authors: Jin Fangfang , Sun Yuling 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Procambarus clarkii is one of the important economic species in China and has been served as tasty food in recent years after being introduced to Nanjing. Significant problems of environment factors, such as salinity, pH and temperature, especially salinity, has the potential to result in significant economic losses in many crayfish-producing farms in China. miRNAs are a kind of ~ 22 nucleotide small non coding RNAs which were encoded by plants, animals and some viruses with functions in RNA silencing or post-transcription regulation. We constructed four sRNA library of P. clarkia from different tissues and treatments by using high-throughput sequencing technology. A total of 101 conserved miRNAs and two novel pre-miRNAs were identified and RT-qPCR were further performed to confirm existence of part of identified miRNAs. A genome wide expression profile of salt-tolerance miRNAs was proved and three miRNAs were further validated by RT-qPCR with dynamic response to different salinity stages. The study of miRNAs in P. clarkia can help us better understanding the role of miRNAs in salt-tolerance in P. clarkia.
The Articulation of the Equality and Rights of Women in Bahá’í Discourse and Implementation
Authors: Momen Wendi 
Published: November 2019

The origins of the Bahá’í concept of the equality of women and men lie in the writings of Bahá’u’lláh. ‘Abdu’l-Bahá developed it further, first in his correspondence with western Bahá’ís and later during his travels in Europe and North America as he spoke to audiences about the social teachings of the Bahá’í Faith. While he was in London in September 1911, he met with suffragettes, among others. On one occasion he asked one visitor why she thought women should have the vote. Her response included a metaphor of humanity being a bird with two wings, male and female, both of which are required if the bird is to fly. ‘Abdu’l-Bahá incorporated this metaphor into his talks in the West and eventually into his writings and it has become an enduring description of gender equality found in many documents.
This essay explores how the concepts of the equality of women and men, the rights of women and the advancement of women have been articulated over time in the talks and writings of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá, the works of Shoghi Effendi, the writings of the Universal House of Justice and the statements of the Bahá’í International Community. It also considers how these concepts have been applied and developed by individual Bahá’ís and their families, within the Bahá’í community and in its institutions, and how this experience is being shared in public discourse.
The Awakening of Spirit: Artistic and Thematic Influences on the Evolution of Mark Tobey’s ‘White Writing’
Authors: Weinberg Robert 
Published: November 2019

This paper is a distillation of the author’s dissertation submitted for the Degree of Master of Arts by Research in History of Art: Renaissance to Modernism to the School of Humanities at the University of Buckingham in September 2016. The dissertation sought to answer the question, ‘What were the artistic and thematic influences on the evolution of the “white writing” style of the American painter, Mark Tobey?’ Tobey’s distinctive approach to abstraction brought him great acclaim and considerable success in the middle decades of the 20th century but today barely receives a footnote or a few brief sentences in art history texts and courses. It is the intention of this author to argue for the originality and importance of Tobey’s contribution to modern painting, and explain how he arrived at this unique style.
This paper is divided into three parts. The first explores the artistic figures and movements that had an impact on Mark Tobey’s early development. The second focuses on the wide and varied range of thematic sources for Tobey’s painting throughout his life. The painter cited them as ‘the Orient, the Occident, science, religion [and] cities…’ In the third part, the years Tobey spent as a teacher at Dartington Hall in Devon will be examined, including the painter’s travels to the Far East with his friend, the potter Bernard Leach, and the particular circumstances and influences that resulted in the painter’s artistic breakthrough when he produced his first so-called ‘white writing’ paintings at Dartington.
A növekedési hormon és az inzulinszerű növekedési faktorok élettani szerepe
Authors: Halmos Tamás , Suba Ilona 
Published: November 2019

Abstract: The existence of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) was recognized in connection with the stimulation of sulfate incorporation into cartilage. IGFs take part in the embryonal development and postnatal growth, in interaction with the growth hormone (GH). The physiological effects of IGF1 are promotion of tissue growth and development, stimulation of cell proliferation, effects on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, anabolic, anti-oxidant, neuro- and hepatoprotective properties. Our knowledge about the GH/IGF axis is diverse, partly contradictory, their research is continued intensively nowadays. We considered it worthwhile to review and interpret this information. Study on GH/IGF medical reports, with particular reference to the less known metabolic control. 75% of the growth factors are produced in the liver by GH and insulin stimulation; their effects are expressed on specific receptors, and modified by specific binding proteins. IGF1 directly increases the muscle mass, bone density, and the structure of the bones. Intestinal microbiota induces secretion of IGF1, which promotes the development and remodeling of the bones. Short-chain fatty acids, produced in microbial fermented fibers, induce secretion of IGF1, suggesting that microbial activity also affects bone health via IGF1. IGF1 also has a direct and indirect glucose-lowering effect, enhances free fatty acid oxidation in the muscle, reducing the flow of free fatty acid into the liver, improving insulin signaling, resulting in the reduction of hepatic glucose output, and improves insulin sensitivity. IGF1 directly influences the expression of circadian BMAL1 in hypothalamic cells: this refers to the newly recognized ’zeitgeber’ role of IGF1. The bioactivity of insulin-like peptides in the brain is characterized by neuronal survival, excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission, maintenance of normal free fatty acid levels, improvement of cognitive function, protection against cell damage, neurogenesis and angiogenesis. The effects of IGF2 are less outlined, however, it has a relevant role in the development of the fetus, and acts protectively on the brain. Lack or over-expression of IGF1 can be detected or may causally associated in many pathological conditions. According to these collected data, insulin sensitivity may be improved by different pathways. The role of IGFs in these processes should be a task of future research. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(45): 1774–1783.
Laktátszintváltozások diabeteses ketoacidosisban és frissen diagnosztizált 1-es típusú diabetes mellitusban
Authors: Jenei Kinga , Szatmári Ildikó , Szabó Eszter , Mariam Anjum , Luczay Andrea , Zsidegh Petra , Tóth-Heyn Péter 
Published: November 2019

Abstract: Introduction: It is known that lactate concentration is increased in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), however, the pathophysiology and kinetics of lactate changes are still unclear. Normally, L-lactate is the major form in the human body. According to previous data, also D- and L-lactate might be increased in hyperglycaemic disorders. Aim: We aimed to describe the kinetics and mechanisms of lactate concentration changes in ketoacidosis and newly diagnosed diabetes. Method: We performed a prospective study, including 5–18-year-old children with ketoacidosis (DKA, n = 13) and with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes without ketoacidosis (T1DM, n = 6). We performed routine blood gas analysis 0–12–24–48 hours after admission, which also measured L-lactate levels. We also determined total venous serum lactate level by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Results: Initial plasma lactate concentration was increased in ketoacidosis as compared to the newly diagnosed diabetes group (p<0.05). After 12 h of rehydration, lactate levels were greatly reduced in ketoacidotic patients but after 24–48 h it was repeatedly increased (all p<0.01). In the 0–12 h phase, total serum lactate level was higher than L-lactate level, referring to D-lactate production. Conclusion: We described two L-lactate peaks in ketoacidosis. In the first 12 hours anaerobic glycolysis seems to have major role in hyperlactataemia. We assume that stimulated aerobic glycolysis leads to the second lactate peak. However, D-lactate is not routinely measured, it may contribute to the initial hyperlactataemia in both groups and is comparable to L-lactate production in ketoacidosis. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(45): 1784–1790.