bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serial and parallel memetic algorithms for the bounded diameter minimum spanning tree problem
Authors: Vuppuluri Prem Prakash , Chellapilla Patvardhan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGiven a connected, weighted, undirected graph G = (V, E) and an integer D ≥ 2, the bounded diameter minimum spanning tree (BDMST) problem seeks a spanning tree of minimum cost, whose diameter is no greater than D. The problem is known to be NP‐hard, and finds application in various domains such as information retrieval, wireless sensor networks and distributed mutual exclusion. This article presents a two‐phase memetic algorithm for the BDMST problem that combines a specialized recombination operator (proposed in this work) with good heuristics in order to more effectively direct the exploration of the search space into regions containing better solutions. A parallel meta‐heuristic is also proposed and shown to obtain very good speedups – super‐linear, in several cases – vis‐à‐vis the serial memetic algorithm. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first parallel meta‐heuristic proposed for the BDMST problem, and potentially paves the way for handling much larger problems than reported in the literature. Some observations and theorems are presented in order to provide the underlying framework for the proposed algorithms. Further, the proposed memetic algorithm and parallel meta‐heuristic are shown, in the course of several computational experiments, to in general obtain superior solution quality with much lesser computational effort in comparison to the best known meta‐heuristics in the literature over a wide range of benchmark instances.
Climate change and perishable food hoards of an avian predator: Is the freezer still working?
Authors: Masoero Giulia , Laaksonen Toni , Morosinotto Chiara , Korpimäki Erkki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractChanging climate can modify predator–prey interactions and induce declines or local extinctions of species due to reductions in food availability. Species hoarding perishable food for overwinter survival, like predators, are predicted to be particularly susceptible to increasing temperatures. We analysed the influence of autumn and winter weather, and abundance of main prey (voles), on the food‐hoarding behaviour of a generalist predator, the Eurasian pygmy owl (Glaucidium passerinum), across 16 years in Finland. Fewer freeze–thaw events in early autumn delayed the initiation of food hoarding. Pygmy owls consumed more hoarded food with more frequent freeze–thaw events and deeper snow cover in autumn and in winter, and lower precipitation in winter. In autumn, the rotting of food hoards increased with precipitation. Hoards already present in early autumn were much more likely to rot than the ones initiated in late autumn. Rotten food hoards were used more in years of low food abundance than in years of high food abundance. Having rotten food hoards in autumn resulted in a lower future recapture probability of female owls. These results indicate that pygmy owls might be partly able to adapt to climate change by delaying food hoarding, but changes in the snow cover, precipitation and frequency of freeze–thaw events might impair their foraging and ultimately decrease local overwinter survival. Long‐term trends and future predictions, therefore, suggest that impacts of climate change on wintering food‐hoarding species could be substantial, because their ‘freezers’ may no longer work properly. Altered usability and poorer quality of hoarded food may further modify the foraging needs of food‐hoarding predators and thus their overall predation pressure on prey species. This raises concerns about the impacts of climate change on boreal food webs, in which ecological interactions have evolved under cold winter conditions.
Non‐Matrix‐Matched Determination of Th‐Pb Ages in Zircon, Monazite and Xenotime by Laser Ablation‐Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Luo Tao , Zhao He , Li Qiuli , Li Yang , Zhang Wen , Guo Jingliang , Liu Yongsheng , Zhang Junfeng , Hu Zhaochu 
Published: August 2020

Similar to the U‐Pb system, the 232Th‐208Pb decay scheme is also widely utilised in geochronology of Th‐rich accessory minerals. The matrix‐dependent systemic deviations observed between different accessory minerals and the paucity of well‐characterised reference materials for some minerals of interest (e.g., xenotime and allanite) are the major obstacles to yield accurate and precise Th‐Pb ages with laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS). In this study, we investigated the effects of the addition of nitrogen, oxygen and water vapour before the ablation cell on the accuracy of Th‐Pb dating of accessory minerals (i.e., zircon, monazite and xenotime) using NIST SRM 610 glass as the calibrating reference material. Our results demonstrate that the measured 208Pb/232Th ages in zircon, monazite and xenotime were approximately 9–24% lower than their isotope dilution thermal ionisation mass spectrometry (ID‐TIMS) ages in normal ablation (without addition of additional gases). The measured 208Pb/232Th ages of zircon (Plešovice, M257 and Qinghu), monazite (44069 and Trebilcock) and xenotime (BS‐1 and MG‐1) showed excellent agreement with their respective reference values with the addition of small amounts of water vapour before the ablation cell. This may be due to the dramatically reduced biases for the down‐hole fractionation of Pb/Th intensity ratios in NIST SRM 610 and accessory minerals in the presence of water vapour. The Th‐Pb ages of zircon, monazite and xenotime were successfully analysed using NIST SRM 610 glass as the calibrating reference material with both 193 nm ArF excimer laser ablation‐quadrupole‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐Q‐ICP‐MS) and 213 nm Nd:YAG laser ablation‐sector field‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐SF‐ICP‐MS) in combination with the developed water vapour‐assisted method. This method is an effective and notably simple approach for non‐matrix‐matched analysis of Th‐Pb ages in zircon, monazite and xenotime by LA‐ICP‐MS.
“West by East‐West”: combination repair of wide or multiple distal nasal defects
Authors: King Brian J. , Tolkachjov Stanislav N. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundSurgical defects of the distal nose can pose reconstructive challenges when function, cosmesis, and morbidity are considered.AimsWe aim to present a reproducible, single‐stage reconstruction of the distal nose when defects are wide, multiple, or span multiple cosmetic subunits.Materials & MethodsRetrospective case series of selected patients with distal nose defects repaired with the “West by East‐West” combination flap.ResultsThree patients with distal nasal tip defects were identified to show the use of the “West by East‐West” combination flap, and one of these patients had an adjacent full‐thickness skin graft as part of the reconstruction.DiscussionA combination of CAF and BAF is useful for distal nasal reconstruction when the surgical defect is greater than 2 cm, spans multiple subunits like the nasal tip/supratip/dorsum/sidewall/ala, and where CAF or BAF alone would distort the free margins or give insufficient laxity for defect closure. In our experience, the BAF accomplishes the required medially based laxity with superior cosmesis and less nasal asymmetry created by the redundancy of a traditional medially based back cut. The combination repair can also be used for simultaneous repair of multiple distal nasal defects.ConclusionsThe “West by East‐West” reconstruction is designed to incorporate the CAF and the BAF utilizing the paranasal cheek tissue reservoir, midline nasal dorsum supra‐perichondrial movement, and a shared standing tissue cone (STC). It provides a reproducible, single‐stage reconstruction of the distal nose when defects are wide, multiple, or span multiple cosmetic subunits.
Job seekers' attitudes toward cybervetting: Scale development, validation, and platform comparison
Authors: Cook Ryan , Jones‐Chick Rachael , Roulin Nicolas , O'Rourke Kim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe present research describes the development and validation of a measure of job seekers' attitudes toward cybervetting (ATC). Study 1 involved a sample of participants completing an initial pool of items focusing on one platform (i.e., Facebook) and conducting an exploratory factor analysis. Study 2 included a confirmatory factor analysis and an exploratory structural equation model to establish convergent and discriminant validity. Results of both studies confirmed that the hypothesized three‐factor structure (perceived justice, privacy invasion, and face validity) provided a good fit to the data, explained over 67% of total variance, with all three factors demonstrating high internal consistencies. Study 3 examined the measurement equivalence of the ATC measure, and demonstrated its factor structure and reliability, across four social media platforms (Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, and Instagram). Comparing applicants' attitudes across platforms showed significantly more favorable perceptions toward LinkedIn‐based cybervetting than for the other three platforms.
Atomic structure of hot compressed borosilicate glasses
Authors: Ding Linfeng , Lee Kuo‐Hao , Zhao Tongyao , Yang Yongjian , Bockowski Michal , Ziebarth Benedikt , Wang Qingwei , Ren Jinjun , Smedskjaer Morten M. , Mauro John C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBorosilicate glasses have been in widespread use for over a century; however, a detailed understanding of the structural response to densification is still lacking. In this work, two commercial borosilicate glasses, viz., SCHOTT N‐BK7® (N‐BK7) and Borofloat33® (Boro33), are hot compressed up to 2 GPa with nitrogen gas, and the structural response to this densification is explored via 11B solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The molar volume (Vm) of N‐BK7 and Boro33 decreases ~5% and ~10%, respectively, as a result of hot compression at 2 GPa. The NMR results demonstrate the presence of three different types of fourfold coordinated boron species (B[4]), which are confirmed in MD simulations to be (0B,4Si[4]), (1B[3],3Si[4]), and (1B[4],3Si[4]) (where subscripts represent different B[4] types and brackets indicate the next nearest neighbors (NNN)). The NMR results also show that the fraction of B[4] increases by ~13% in N‐BK7 glass upon hot compression at 2 GPa via the trigonal boron to tetrahedral boron (B[3] to B[4]) conversion, while the fraction of B[4] in Boro33 glass only increases by ~2% at the same pressure, despite the fact that the Vm decrease in N‐BK7 is double that of Boro33. The MD simulations capture the experimental trends in B[4] populations, despite an underestimation of the B[4] increase of N‐BK7 (only ~6%) at 2 GPa. Moreover, the MD simulations suggest that the Vm reduction is a linear function of bond angle change and the fraction of Si‐O‐Si and B[4]‐O‐Si. The modifiers and boron coordination conversion also influence the volume densification of borosilicate glasses by increasing the difficulty of bond bending, decreasing the bond lengths, and increasing the population of B[4]‐O‐Si linkages. Finally, the B[4] to B[4] conversion, that is, (1B[3],3Si[4]) and (1B[4],3Si[4]) to (0B,4Si[4]), is observed in hot compressed N‐BK7 and Boro33 from NMR and qualitatively confirmed in MD.
Optimization of Ce3+ concentration and Y4MgSi3O13 phase in Mg2+‐Si4+ Co‐doped Ce: YAG ceramic phosphors
Authors: Tian Yanna , Tang Yanru , Yi Xuezhuan , Chen Jie , Sun Shiyu , Zhao Di , Lin Hui , Zhou Shengming 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAs a promising replacement for nitride red phosphors, Ce: Y3(Mg1.8Al1.4Si1.8)O12 (Ce: YMASG) ceramic phosphors have attracted significant attention recently for their advantages in inorganic encapsulation and massive red‐shifting of Ce3+ emission. In this work, Ce: YMASG with different doping concentrations of Ce3+ and Al2O3, was fabricated by vacuum sintering to investigate its effects on the elimination of the impurity phase and the enhancement of the luminescent properties of white light‐emitting diodes (w‐LEDs). It was discovered that the emission wavelength redshifts from 592 to 606 nm as the Ce3+ concentration increases, while at 450 K, the emission intensity deteriorates from 0.47 to 0.36 of its initial value. The Rietveld analysis revealed the presence of an impurity phase of Y4MgSi3O13 with a concentration of 17.021 wt% in Ce: YMASG. With the introduction of Al2O3, the impurity phase was eliminated from the matrix completely, the emission peak shifted to a shorter wavelength, and the thermal stability was greatly improved. When the correlated color temperature was controlled at around 3000 K in the packaged w‐LEDs, the commission international de l'éclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates shifted toward the bottom left corner of the diagram with increasing concentration of Ce3+. Conversely, the luminous efficiency (LE) increased from 36 lm/W to 58.6 lm/W as the concentration of Al2O3 increased from 0 to 10 wt%, which demonstrated the application prospect of the fabricated phosphor in warm w‐LEDs.
Interface engineering of nanoceramic hematite photoelectrode for solar energy conversion
Authors: Freitas Andre L. M. , Muche Dereck N. F. , Leite Edson R. , Souza Flavio L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis work addresses the role of different modifiers on the overall photocurrent response, which allowed a dual material insertion, increasing the charge separation without compromise the surface catalysis. Sn‐addition onto nanoceramic hematite photoelectrodes clearly increased flat band potential, promoting a good charge separation, and shifting the onset to a higher potential, attributed to the surface‐trapping state created by this modification. Notoriously, Sn‐hematite photoelectrodes loaded with NiFeOx exhibited the highest photocurrent density, suggesting a partially recovered surface‐trapping states created during the electrode designing. The well‐known cocatalyst acted in the overall photoelectrocatalytic response with no significant effect on the turn‐on voltage, in other words, with minor effect related to catalytic efficiency. The dual modification contributes to understand the role of different modifiers allowing to satisfactorily improve charge separation while maintaining the conductivity attributed to IV‐group ions.
Evolution of Trans‐fatty acid consumption in Thailand and strategies for its reduction
Authors: Chavasit Visith , Photi Juntima , Dunkum Paisarn , Krassanairawiwong Tares , Ditmetharoj Mayuree , Preecha Sirirat , Martinez Fernando 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEliminating industrially produced trans‐fatty acids (TFAs) from the food supply is one of the World Health Organization's (WHO's) priority targets to control and prevent non‐communicable diseases. This review paper describes the strategies used to reduce TFA consumption in Thailand based on a situation analysis consisting of an assessment of TFA content in the national food supply, its intake, and stakeholder‐based analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT). The analysis resulted in the drafting of a regulatory approach, which was then considered by stakeholders. Bakery products containing partially hydrogenated oils (PHOs) are the major sources of TFAs in Thailand. Palm and coconut oil as well as blending technology are locally available as PHO replacements. Thailand's Food and Drug Administration has taken legal action to prohibit the production, import, and distribution of PHOs and their products. Post‐marketing TFA levels are currently being monitored, ie, TFAs in fat/oil and butter must not exceed 2% and 6% of fat content, respectively. For other food categories, TFAs must not exceed 0.5 g per serving unless the TFAs are from ruminant sources. The key factor to successfully reducing TFAs in Thailand is the partnership between public and private sectors, professional associations, and consumers, based on scientific evidence regarding the negative impact of TFA intake on cardiovascular health.
Mucins in pancreatic cancer: A well‐established but promising family for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy
Authors: Wang Shunda , You Lei , Dai Menghua , Zhao Yupei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMucins are a family of multifunctional glycoproteins that mostly line the surface of epithelial cells in the gastrointestinal tract and exert pivotal roles in gut lubrication and protection. Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease with poor early diagnosis, limited therapeutic effects, and high numbers of cancer‐related deaths. In this review, we introduce the expression profiles of mucins in the normal pancreas, pancreatic precursor neoplasia and pancreatic cancer. Mucins in the pancreas contribute to biological processes such as the protection, lubrication and moisturization of epithelial tissues. They also participate in the carcinogenesis of pancreatic cancer and are used as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Herein, we discuss the important roles of mucins that lead to the lethality of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, particularly MUC1, MUC4, MUC5AC and MUC16 in disease progression, and present a comprehensive analysis of the clinical application of mucins and their promising roles in cancer treatment to gain a better understanding of the role of mucins in pancreatic cancer.
The impact of anatomical location and sun exposure on the dermoscopic recognition of atypical nevi and early melanomas: usefulness of an integrated clinical‐dermoscopic method (iDScore)
Authors: Tognetti L. , Cartocci A. , Cinotti E. , Moscarella E. , Farnetani F. , Lallas A. , Tiodorovic D. , Carrera C. , Longo C. , Puig S. , Perrot J.L. , Argenziano G. , Pellacani G. , Cataldo G. , Balistreri A. , Cevenini G. , Rubegni P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe anatomical location of atypical melanocytic skin lesion (aMSL) was never combined into an algorithm for discriminating early melanomas (EM) from atypical nevi (AN).AimsTo investigate the impact of body location on the intuitive diagnosis performed in teledermoscopy by dermatologists of different skill levels. A further aim was to evaluate how the integration of the body location could improve an algorithm‐aided diagnosis.MethodsWe retrospectively collected 980 standardized dermoscopic images of aMSL cases (663 AN, 317 EM): data on the anatomical location were collected according to 15 body sites classified into 4 macro‐areas of chronically/frequently/seldom/rarely exposure. Through a teledermatology web platform, 111 variously skilled dermoscopists performed either the intuitive diagnosis and 3 algorithm‐assisted diagnostic tests (i.e. iDScore, 7‐point checklist, ABCD rule) on each case, for a total of 3330 examinations.ResultsIn the rarely photoexposed area (side, bottom, abdomen), AN were the most tricky (i.e. highest quote of false positives), due to a frequent recognition of dermoscopic features usually considered as suggestive for melanoma in these lesions; the EM at these sites received the highest quote of false negatives, being generally interpreted as ‘featureless’ according to these traditional parameters, that were more frequently displayed on the chronically photoexposed area. In rarely and seldom photoexposed area, intuitive diagnosis fails to achieve adequate accuracy for all aMSLs, as the ABCD rule and the 7‐point checklist; by applying the iDScore algorithm the diagnostic performance was increased by 15% in young and 17% in experts.ConclusionsThe body location of an aMSL can affect the quality of intuitive dermoscopic diagnosis, especially in sun‐protected areas. Accuracy can be improved by using the iDScore algorithm that assigns a different partial score of each body site.
Impact of COVID‐19 outbreak on the care of patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A comparison before and after the outbreak in South China
Authors: Zhang Ying‐Fan , Qiu Yun , He Jin‐Shen , Tan Jin‐Yu , Li Xiao‐Zhi , Zhu Liang‐Ru , Chen Yan , Liu Zhan‐Ju , Iacucci Marietta , Chen Bai‐Li , He Yao , Ben‐Horin Shomron , Shen Bo , Zeng Zhi‐Rong , Ghosh Subrata , Chen Min‐Hu , Mao Ren 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsEpidemics pose a great challenge to health care of patients. However, the impact of unprecedented situation of COVID‐19 outbreak on health care of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients in real‐world setting has seldom been investigated.MethodsWe performed an observational study in a tertiary referral IBD center in China. The mode of health care and medication use was compared before and after COVID‐19 outbreak. Electronic questionnaire surveys were performed among gastroenterologists and IBD patients to investigate the impact of COVID‐19 outbreak on their attitudes towards telemedicine.ResultsCOVID‐19 outbreak resulted in substantial decrease of patients participating in standard face‐to‐face visit during 1 month post‐outbreak (n = 51) than pre‐outbreak (n = 249), whereas the participation in telemedicine was significantly higher than comparable period in 2019 (414 vs 93). During the 1 month after COVID‐19 outbreak, 39 (39/56, 69.6%) patients had their infliximab infusion postponed with the mean delay of 3 weeks. The immunomodulator use was similar between pre‐outbreak and post‐outbreak. Six elective surgeries were postponed for a median of 43 days. In post‐outbreak period, 193 (193/297, 64.98%) of the surveyed physicians have used telemedicine with an increase of 18.9% compared with 46.13% (137/292) in the pre‐outbreak period (P < 0.001); 331 (331/505, 65.54%) of the surveyed IBD patients supported that the use of telemedicine should be increased in future health care.ConclusionCOVID‐19 outbreak resulted in a great change in health‐care access among IBD patients including decrease in standard face‐to‐face visit and delay of biologics use. There was an increased use and need of telemedicine after COVID‐19 outbreak.