bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation and Optimization of Barrow Neurological Institute Score in Prediction of Adverse Events and Functional Outcome After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage—Creation of the HATCH (Hemorrhage, Age, Treatment, Clinical State, Hydrocephalus) Score
Authors: Hostettler Isabel Charlotte , Sebök Martina , Ambler Gareth , Muroi Carl , Prömmel Peter , Neidert Marian Christoph , Richter Johannes Konstantin , Pangalu Athina , Regli Luca , Germans Menno Robbert 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) score, measuring maximal thickness of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), has previously shown to predict symptomatic cerebral vasospasms (CVSs), delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), and functional outcome.

OBJECTIVE
To validate the BNI score for prediction of above-mentioned variables and cerebral infarct and evaluate its improvement by integrating further variables which are available within the first 24 h after hemorrhage.

METHODS
We included patients from a single center. The BNI score for prediction of CVS, DCI, infarct, and functional outcome was validated in our cohort using measurements of calibration and discrimination (area under the curve [AUC]). We improved it by adding additional variables, creating a novel risk score (measure by the dichotomized Glasgow Outcome Scale) and validated it in a small independent cohort.

RESULTS
Of 646 patients, 41.5% developed symptomatic CVS, 22.9% DCI, 23.5% cerebral infarct, and 29% had an unfavorable outcome. The BNI score was associated with all outcome measurements. We improved functional outcome prediction accuracy by including age, BNI score, World Federation of Neurologic Surgeons, rebleeding, clipping, and hydrocephalus (AUC 0.84, 95% CI 0.8-0.87). Based on this model we created a risk score (HATCH—Hemorrhage, Age, Treatment, Clinical State, Hydrocephalus), ranging 0 to 13 points. We validated it in a small independent cohort. The validated score demonstrated very good discriminative ability (AUC 0.84 [95% CI 0.72-0.96]).

CONCLUSION
We developed the HATCH score, which is a moderate predictor of DCI, but excellent predictor of functional outcome at 1 yr after aSAH.
Optical Coherent Tomography Predicts Long-Term Visual Outcome of Pituitary Adenoma Surgery: New Perspectives From a 5-Year Follow-up Study
Authors: Chung Young Soo , Na Minkyun , Yoo Jihwan , Kim Woohyun , Jung In-Ho , Moon Ju Hyung , Lee Junwon , Kim Sun Ho , Kim Eui Hyun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Compressive optic neuropathy is the most common indication for transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a useful visual assessment tool for predicting postoperative visual field recovery.

OBJECTIVE
To analyze visual parameters and their association based on long-term follow-up.

METHODS
Only pituitary adenoma patients with abnormal visual field defects were selected. A total of 188 eyes from 113 patients assessed by visual field index (VFI) and 262 eyes from 155 patients assessed by mean deviation (MD) were enrolled in this study. Postoperative VFI, MD, and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness were evaluated and followed up. After classifying the patients into normal (>5%) and thin (<5%) RNFL groups, we investigated whether preoperative RNFL could predict visual field outcomes. We also observed how RNFL changes after surgery on a long-term basis.

RESULTS
Both preoperative VFI and MD had a linear proportional relationship with preoperative RNFL thickness. Sustained improvement of the visual field was observed after surgery in both groups, and the degree of improvement over time in each group was similar. RNFL thickness continued to decrease until 36 mo after surgery (80.2 ± 13.3 μm to 66.6 ± 11.9 μm) while visual field continued to improve (VFI, 61.8 ± 24.5 to 84.3 ± 15.4; MD, −12.9 ± 7.3 dB to −6.3 ± 5.9 dB).

CONCLUSION
Patients with thin preoperative RNFL may experience visual recovery similar to those with normal preoperative RNFL; however, the probability of normalized visual fields was not comparable. RNFL thickness showed a strong correlation with preoperative visual field defect. Long-term follow-up observation revealed a discrepancy between anatomic and functional recovery.
Impact of Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Other Factors on Surgical Outcomes for Newly Diagnosed Grade II Astrocytomas and Oligodendrogliomas: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Yahanda Alexander T , Patel Bhuvic , Shah Amar S , Cahill Daniel P , Sutherland Garnette , Honeycutt John , Jensen Randy L , Rich Keith M , Dowling Joshua L , Limbrick David D , Dacey Ralph G , Kim Albert H , Leuthardt Eric C , Dunn Gavin P , Zipfel Gregory J , Leonard Jeffrey R , Smyth Matthew D , Shah Mitesh V , Abram Steven R , Evans John , Chicoine Michael R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Few studies use large, multi-institutional patient cohorts to examine the role of intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) in the resection of grade II gliomas.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the impact of iMRI and other factors on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) for newly diagnosed grade II astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas.

METHODS
Retrospective analyses of a multicenter database assessed the impact of patient-, treatment-, and tumor-related factors on OS and PFS.

RESULTS
A total of 232 resections (112 astrocytomas and 120 oligodendrogliomas) were analyzed. Oligodendrogliomas had longer OS (P < .001) and PFS (P = .01) than astrocytomas. Multivariate analyses demonstrated improved OS for gross total resection (GTR) vs subtotal resection (STR; P = .006, hazard ratio [HR]: .23) and near total resection (NTR; P = .02, HR: .64). GTR vs STR (P = .02, HR: .54), GTR vs NTR (P = .04, HR: .49), and iMRI use (P = .02, HR: .54) were associated with longer PFS. Frontal (P = .048, HR: 2.11) and occipital/parietal (P = .003, HR: 3.59) locations were associated with shorter PFS (vs temporal). Kaplan-Meier analyses showed longer OS with increasing extent of surgical resection (EOR) (P = .03) and 1p/19q gene deletions (P = .02). PFS improved with increasing EOR (P = .01), GTR vs NTR (P = .02), and resections above STR (P = .04). Factors influencing adjuvant treatment (35.3% of patients) included age (P = .002, odds ratio [OR]: 1.04) and EOR (P = .003, OR: .39) but not glioma subtype or location. Additional tumor resection after iMRI was performed in 105/159 (66%) iMRI cases, yielding GTR in 54.5% of these instances.

CONCLUSION
EOR is a major determinant of OS and PFS for patients with grade II astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas. Intraoperative MRI may improve EOR and was associated with increased PFS.
Sovereign debt restructuring and growth
Authors: Forni Lorenzo , Palomba Geremia , Pereira Joana , Richmond Christine 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper studies the relation between sovereign debt restructurings with external private creditors and growth during the period 1970–2010. We find that, while growth generally declines in the aftermath of a sovereign debt restructuring, agreements that allow countries to exit a default spell (final restructurings) are associated with improving growth. The difference can be significant. In general, three years after restructuring, growth is about 5% lower compared to countries that did not face restructuring over the same period. The exception is for final restructurings, which result in positive growth in the years immediately after the restructuring. Final restructurings are associated with larger debt reliefs, and we show that post-restructuring growth is higher in countries that exit final restructurings with relatively low debt levels.
UHT Metamorphism Peaking Above 1100 °C with Slow Cooling: Insights from Pelitic Granulites in the Jining Complex, North China Craton
Authors: Wang Bin , Wei Chun-Jing , Tian Wei , Fu Bin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The peak temperature and duration of ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) metamorphism are critical to identify and understand its tectonic environment. The UHT metamorphism of the Jining complex in the Khondalite Belt, North China Craton is controversial on the peak temperature, time and tectonic setting. A representative sapphirine-bearing granulite sample is selected from the classic Tianpishan outcrop for addressing the metamorphic evolution and timing. The rock is markedly heterogeneous on centimetre scale and can be divided into melanocratic domains rich in sillimanite (MD-s) or rich in orthopyroxene (MD-o), and leucocratic domains (LD). On the basis of detailed petrographic analyses and phase equilibria modelling using THERMOCALC, all three types of domains record peak temperatures of 1120–1140 °C and a series of post-peak cooling stages at 0·8–0·9 GPa to the fluid-absent solidus (∼890 °C), followed by sub-solidus decompression. The peak temperature for MD-s is constrained by the coexistence of sillimanite-I + sapphirine + spinel + quartz, where sillimanite-I contains densely exsolved aciculae of hematite, yielding reintegrated Fe2O3 contents up to 2·1–2·3 wt %. The post-peak cooling evolution involves the sequential appearance of K-feldspar, sillimanite-II + garnet, orthopyroxene and biotite, where sillimanite-II is exsolution-free and contains variable Fe2O3 contents of 1·3–1·8 wt %. The peak temperature for MD-o is constrained by the sapphirine + orthopyroxene assemblage, where orthopyroxene has a maximum AlIV of 0·22 (Al2O3 = 9·5 wt %) in the core. The cooling evolution involves the sequential appearance of K-feldspar, garnet and biotite, and the decreasing AlIV (0·22→0·17) from core to rim in orthopyroxene. The peak temperature for LD is constrained by the inferred K-feldspar-absent assemblage and the maximum anorthite content of 0·11 in K-feldspar. The cooling evolution involves the crystallization of segregated melts, exsolution of supra-solvus ternary feldspars and growth of biotite. The Al in orthopyroxene, Fe2O3 in sillimanite and anorthite in K-feldspar are good indicators for constraining extreme UHT conditions although they depend differently on bulk-rock compositions. In-situ SHRIMP U–Pb dating of metamorphic zircon indicates that the UHT metamorphism may have occurred at &gt;1·94 Ga and the cooling under UHT conditions lasted over 40 Ma. The extreme UHT metamorphism in the Jining complex is interpreted to be triggered by the advective heating of intraplate hyperthermal mafic magmas together with a plume-related hot mantle upwelling, following an orogenic crustal thickening event.
Racialized Discourse in Seattle Rental Ad Texts
Authors: Kennedy Ian , Hess Chris , Paullada Amandalynne , Chasins, Sarah 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Racial discrimination has been a central driver of residential segregation for many decades, in the Seattle area as well as in the United States as a whole. In addition to redlining and restrictive housing covenants, housing advertisements included explicit racial language until 1968. Since then, housing patterns have remained racialized, despite overt forms of racial language and discrimination becoming less prevalent. In this paper, we use Structural Topic Models (STM) and qualitative analysis to investigate how contemporary rental listings from the Seattle-Tacoma Craigslist page differ in their description based on neighborhood racial composition. Results show that listings from White neighborhoods emphasize trust and connections to neighborhood history and culture, while listings from non-White neighborhoods offer more incentives and focus on transportation and development features, sundering these units from their surroundings. Without explicitly mentioning race, these listings display racialized neighborhood discourse that might impact neighborhood decision-making in ways that contribute to the perpetuation of housing segregation.
Functional organization of the insula in men and women with obstructive sleep apnea during Valsalva
Authors: Pal Amrita , Ogren Jennifer A , Aguila Andrea P , Aysola Ravi , Kumar Rajesh , Henderson Luke A , Harper Ronald M , Macey Paul M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Study Objectives
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients show impaired autonomic regulation, perhaps related to functional reorganization of the insula, which in healthy individuals shows sex-specific anterior and right dominance during sympathetic activation. We examined insular organization of responses to a Valsalva maneuver in OSA with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Methods
We studied 43 newly diagnosed OSA (age mean ± SD: 46.8 ± 8.7 years; apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ± SD: 32.1 ± 20.1 events/hour; 34 males) and 63 healthy (47.2 ± 8.8 years; 40 males) participants. Participants performed four 18-second Valsalva maneuvers (1-minute intervals, pressure ≥ 30 mmHg) during scanning. fMRI time trends from five insular gyri—anterior short (ASG); mid short (MSG); posterior short (PSG); anterior long (ALG); and posterior long (PLG)—were assessed for within-group responses and between-group differences with repeated measures ANOVA (p &lt; 0.05); age and resting heart rate (HR) influences were also assessed.

Results
Right and anterior fMRI signal dominance appeared in OSA and controls, with no between-group differences. Separation by sex revealed group differences. Left ASG anterior signal dominance was lower in OSA versus control males. Left ASG and ALG anterior dominance was higher in OSA versus control females. In all right gyri, only OSA females showed greater anterior dominance than controls. Right dominance was apparent in PSG and ALG in all groups; females showed right dominance in MSG and PLG. OSA males did not show PLG right dominance. Responses were influenced substantially by HR but modestly by age.

Conclusions
Anterior and right insular fMRI dominance appears similar in OSA versus control participants during the sympathetic phase of the Valsalva maneuver. OSA and control similarities were present in just males, but not necessarily females, which may reflect sex-specific neural injury.
Exposure to Food Insecurity during Adolescence and Educational Attainment
Authors: Heflin Colleen , Darolia Rajeev , Kukla-Acevedo Sharon 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Previous research has documented the negative consequences of exposure to food insecurity over the early childhood period in terms of health and cognitive and behavioral outcomes, but less research has explored the consequences of exposure to food insecurity at other points in childhood. We examine the association between food insecurity during adolescence and educational attainment. We begin by exploring a conceptual framework for the potential mechanisms that might lead adolescents who experience food insecurity to have differential educational outcomes. Then, we use descriptive and regression analysis to see whether food insecurity is associated with lower educational attainment using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics Transition to Adulthood Survey. We find that exposure to food insecurity during adolescence predicts lower levels of educational attainment by reducing college attendance.
Relationship between Caregiver Depressive Symptoms and Child Asthma Medication Adherence: A Multilevel Analysis
Authors: Margolis Rachel H F , Bellin Melissa H , Tsoukleris Mona , Unick Jay , Kub Joan E , Butz Arlene M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Asthma morbidity and mortality are disproportionately higher among African American children. Medication adherence is essential for reducing adverse asthma outcomes in this population. Depressive symptoms, prevalent among mothers of children with asthma, have been linked to medication nonadherence. This longitudinal, multilevel analysis used data from a randomized clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of an environmental control educational intervention to evaluate the relationship between caregiver depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) and caregiver-reported medication adherence (Medication Adherence Report Scale) in urban African American children with uncontrolled asthma (N = 208) at baseline, in six months, and in 12 months. Nearly a third (31.7%) of caregivers (97% female) had clinically significant depressive symptoms at baseline. A random intercept model showed that the within-caregiver effect of depression predicted lower medication adherence (β = –.079, p = .002) as did time (β = –.413, p &lt; .001); the between-caregiver effect of depression did not (β = –.007, p = .77). Changes in a caregiver’s baseline level of depressive symptoms appear to have a stronger influence on medication adherence than mean level of depressive symptoms. Policy, practice, and further research should address maternal mental health as a key element in the life course of African American children with asthma.
Using a Trauma-Informed, Socially Just Research Framework with Marginalized Populations: Practices and Barriers to Implementation
Authors: Voith Laura A , Hamler Tyrone , Francis Meredith W , Lee Hyunjune , Korsch-Williams Amy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSocial workers, including social work researchers, are called on to challenge social injustices and pursue social change. Research has shown a strong association between trauma and adversity and marginalized populations, exposing the unequal distribution of trauma and its effects throughout society. Given the focus on marginalized populations in social work, the social justice orientation of the field, and the intersection of trauma with marginalized populations, a framework to guide social work researchers in conducting trauma-informed, socially just research with marginalized populations is warranted. Therefore, this article provides a framework integrating trauma theory, trauma-informed principles, and intersectionality as a guide for social work research. The proposed framework is illustrated using a case study of low-income, predominantly African American men recruited from a criminal justice setting, acknowledging facilitators and barriers to implementation. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications for researchers and doctoral student training.
Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Outbreak in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Risk Factors for Mortality
Authors: Bor Meltem , Ilhan Ozkan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Aim
The aim of our study was to determine the factors associated with mortality in neonates with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP).

Material and methods
This retrospective, single-center study was conducted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Harran University Faculty of Medicine between January 2017 and July 2018 who had CRKP growth in their blood, urine or cerebrospinal fluid cultures. The discharged group was designated as the control group (Group 1), whereas the group that faced mortality was classified as the case group (Group 2). The demographic data, clinical findings and laboratory and microbiological results of the two groups were compared to identify risk factors.

Results
A total of 58 patients (36 in Group 1 and 22 in Group 2) exhibited CRKP growth during the study period. Low birth weight (p = 0.039), previous antifungal (p = 0.002) or amikacin use (p = 0.040), congenital anomalies (p = 0.002), total parenteral nutrition (TPN) administration (p = 0.002), surgery (p = 0.035), thrombocytopenia (p = 0.007), low platelet mass index (p = 0.011), elevated C-reactive protein (p = 0.004), high carbapenem minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (p = 0.029) and high amikacin MIC (p = 0.019) were associated with mortality. In a multivariate regression analysis, previous antifungal use (p = 0.028), congenital anomalies (p = 0.032) and TPN use (p = 0.013) were independent factors in predicting mortality.

Conclusion
Previous antifungal use, congenital anomalies and TPN use were found to be independent risk factors for mortality in neonates with CRKP infection.
Effectiveness of a Daily Rounding Checklist on Processes of Care and Outcomes in Diverse Pediatric Intensive Care Units Across the World
Authors: Kashyap Rahul , Murthy Srinivas , Arteaga Grace M , Dong Yue , Cooper Lindsey , Kovacevic Tanja , Basavaraja Chetak , Ren Hong , Qiao Lina , Zhang Guoying , Sridharan Kannan , Jin Ping , Wang Tao , Tuibeqa Ilisapeci , Kang An , Ravi Mandyam Dhanti , Ongun Ebru , Gajic Ognjen , Tripathi Sandeep ,   SCCM Discovery CERTAINp Collaborative Investigators, Murthy Srinivas , Jin Ping , Ren Hong , Kang An , Qiao Lina , Wang Tao , Zhang Guoying , Cooper Lindsey , Kovacevic Tanja , Mestrovic Julije , Polic Branka , Markic Josko , Sridharan Kannan , Tuibeqa IIisapeci , Sauduadua Laila , Basavaraja Chetak , Ravi Mandyam Dhanti , Devaraj Ellan , Ongun Ebru , Arteaga Grace M , Coville Hongchuan , Dong Yue , Fan Lei , Gajic Ognjen , Hong Bo , Hulyalkar Manasi , Kang An , Kashyap Rahul , Kaur Harsheen , Padhya Dipti , Sabov Moldovan , Suzuki Reina , Tripathi Sandeep 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT

Background
Implementation of checklists has been shown to be effective in improving patient safety. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of implementation of a checklist for daily care processes into clinical practice of pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) with limited resources.

Methods
Prospective before–after study in eight PICUs from China, Congo, Croatia, Fiji, and India after implementation of a daily checklist into the ICU rounds.

Results
Seven hundred and thirty-five patients from eight centers were enrolled between 2015 and 2017. Baseline stage had 292 patients and post-implementation 443. The ICU length of stay post-implementation decreased significantly [9.4 (4–15.5) vs. 7.3 (3.4–13.4) days, p = 0.01], with a nominal improvement in the hospital length of stay [15.4 (8.4–25) vs. 12.6 (7.5–24.4) days, p = 0.055]. The hospital mortality and ICU mortality between baseline group and post-implementation group did not show a significant difference, 14.4% vs. 11.3%; p = 0.22 for each. There was a variable impact of checklist implementation on adherence to various processes of care recommendations. A decreased exposure in days was noticed for; mechanical ventilation from 42.6% to 33.8%, p &lt; 0.01; central line from 31.3% to 25.3%, p &lt; 0.01; and urinary catheter from 30.6% to 24.4%, p &lt; 0.01. Although there was an increased utilization of antimicrobials (89.9–93.2%, p &lt; 0.01).

Conclusions
Checklists for the treatment of acute illness and injury in the PICU setting marginally impacted the outcome and processes of care. The intervention led to increasing adherence with guidelines in multiple ICU processes and led to decreased length of stay.
Application of machine learning tools in classifying pedestrian crash types: A case study
Authors: Das Subasish , Le Minh , Dai Boya 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Crash occurrence is a complex phenomenon, and crashes associated with pedestrians and bicyclists are even more complex. Furthermore, pedestrian- and bicyclist-involved crashes are typically not reported in detail in state or national crash databases. To address this issue, developers created the Pedestrian and Bicycle Crash Analysis Tool (PBCAT). However, it is labour-intensive to manually identify the types of pedestrian and bicycle crash from crash-narrative reports and to classify different crash attributes from the textual content of police reports. Therefore, there is a need for a supporting tool that can assist practitioners in using PBCAT more efficiently and accurately. The objective of this study is to develop a framework for applying machine-learning models to classify crash types from unstructured textual content. In this study, the research team collected pedestrian crash-typing data from two locations in Texas. The XGBoost model was found to be the best classifier. The high prediction power of the XGBoost classifiers indicates that this machine-learning technique was able to classify pedestrian crash types with the highest accuracy rate (up to 77% for training data and 72% for test data). The findings demonstrate that advanced machine-learning models can extract underlying patterns and trends of crash mechanisms. This provides the basis for applying machine-learning techniques in addressing the crash typing issues associated with non-motorist crashes.