bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can singing rate be used to predict male breeding status of forest songbirds? A comparison of three calibration models
Authors: Upham‐Mills Emily J. , Reimer Jody R. , Haché Samuel , Lele Subhash R. , Bayne Erin M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFor male songbirds, song rate varies throughout the breeding season and is correlated with breeding cycle stages. Although these patterns have been well documented, this relationship has not been used to predict a bird's breeding status from acoustic monitoring. This challenge of using a response (i.e., behavior) to indirectly measure an underlying biological state is common in ecology, but correctly addressing the associated statistical challenge of calibration is rare. The objective of this study was to determine whether variation in song rate can be used to predict the breeding status of the Olive‐sided Flycatcher (Contopus cooperi). In 2016, song rates from 28 male Olive‐sided Flycatchers were collected from human observers (n = 545 five‐minute counts) and breeding status (i.e., single, paired, and feeding young) was monitored throughout the breeding season. The predictive ability of three modeling approaches—regression, hierarchical, and a classification tree—was evaluated using sensitivity and specificity to determine the best modeling approach. The hierarchical model was the best at predicting all three breeding status classes, with a mean sensitivity of 69%, compared with 54% and 50% from the regression and machine learning models, respectively. Our results suggest that song rate can be used as an indirect measurement of breeding status in the Olive‐sided Flycatcher when using a hierarchical modeling approach to calibrate the breeding status–song rate relationship. This novel modeling approach provides a cost‐effective tool to collect much needed demographic information over large spatial extents and inform species status assessments, recovery strategies, and management plans for species of conservation concern.
Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) Investigation of 3D Printed Parts Produced by CMT Welding Technology
Authors: Meiszterics Zoltán , Asserghine Abdellilah , Kiss András , Nagy Lívia , Zsebe Tamás , Nagy Géza 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn the field of manufacturing technology an exciting revolution is in progress today. The different methods of the so called additive manufacturing (AM) technologies are under fast developments. Several versions of them are called 3D printing. Less interest has been given to study the corrosion resistance character of the differently made 3D printed metal alloy items. In this work corrosion behaviour of 3D printed AlMg4.5Mn0.7 alloy samples were investigated. Conventional methods like open circuit potential measurements, Tafel plots taking and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) – with pH measuring tungsten micro‐tip and micro‐disc type Pt electrode were used. The metal samples were embedded in epoxy resin. 2D SECM images and line scans were made to see the local changes of oxygen concentration. Flame atomic absorption spectroscopy was used for measuring the metal composition of manufacturing wire and printed sample. The local activity of the surface spots were measured using approach curves recorded in case of ferrocene methanol mediator.
A co‐occurrence matrix based masquerade detection method in in‐vehicle network
Authors: Zhang Bin , Xiao Xi , Zhang Weizhe , Kumar Sangaiah Arun , Zhou Ying , Liu Xinyu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn‐vehicle network is easy to be attacked by masquerade attackers because of the controller local area network, and there are many intrusion detection systems to solve this problem. However, the traditional methods consider the transition and frequent property, but they lose the information of the cooccurrence. In this article, a novel method based on cooccurrence matrixes is proposed, and it makes use of the cooccurrence property of the command stream, which is often ignored. There are two steps in the training process. First, a relatively large number of distinct shell commands are transformed into a smaller number of unique events by hierarchically merging shell commands. Second, considering the correlation property of audit data, the method constructs a partly normalized cooccurrence matrix to profile the valid user's normal behaviors. Although performing detection, the partly normalized cooccurrence matrixes of the current event sequences are generated. Then the distances between these matrixes and the profile matrix are calculated with sliding windows. Finally, distances are used to determine whether they are normal or not. Our method is evaluated against two standard masquerade detection datasets provided by T. Lane et al and M. Schonlau et al, respectively. The results indicate that the proposed method is promising in terms of detection accuracy, which is at least 10% higher than other four solutions, and the proposed method has fewer memory requirements, which saves at most 90% of the compared methods, and it can be conducted in parallel and is more suitable for real‐time masquerade detection.
Survivorship support in head and neck cancer: American Head and Neck Society survey
Authors: Cognetti David M. , Villaflor Victoria M. , Fakhry Carole , Miller Matthew C. , Malloy Kelly M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe value of supporting cancer survivors beyond formal treatment has become increasingly recognized among clinicians who care for patients with head and neck cancer.MethodsA survey was developed by the American Head and Neck Society (AHNS) Survivorship Committee and distributed to members of the AHNS electronically.ResultsThe survey was distributed to 1403 AHNS members, with 202 responses (14.4%). Among survivorship topics, respondents were most likely to address detection of recurrence/second primary malignancies (97.5%), dysphagia (93.1%), and thyroid function (90.1%) with their patients; they were least likely to address sleep disturbance/apnea (27.7%) and body and self‐image issues (29.7%.) Less than half provide patients with a written treatment summary (43.1%) or follow‐up care plan (36.9%).ConclusionsThese results highlight the need for improved survivorship care planning and offer an opportunity for the development of educational and survivorship research in head and neck cancer care.
Using multivariate statistical techniques and geochemical modelling to identify factors controlling the evolution of groundwater chemistry in a typical transitional area between Taihang Mountains and North China Plain
Authors: Liu Fei , Wang Shou , Yeh Tian‐Chyi Jim , Zhen Pinna , Wang Lishu , Shi Liming 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIdentifying the key factors controlling groundwater chemical evolution in mountain‐plain transitional areas is crucial for the security of groundwater resources in both headwater basins and downstream plains. In this study, multivariate statistical techniques and geochemical modelling were used to analyse the groundwater chemical data from a typical headwater basin of the North China Plain. Groundwater samples were divided into three groups, which evolved from Group A with low mineralized Ca‐HCO3 water, through Group B with moderate mineralized Ca‐SO4‐HCO3 water, to Group C with highly saline Ca‐SO4 and Ca‐Cl water. Water‐rock interaction and nitrate contamination were mainly responsible for the variation in groundwater chemistry. Groundwater chemical compositions in Group A were mainly influenced by dissolution of carbonates and cation exchange, and suffered less nitrate contamination, closely relating to their locations in woodland and grassland with less pronounced human interference. Chemical evolution of groundwater in Groups B and C was gradually predominated by the dissolution of evaporites, reverse ion exchange, and anthropogenic factors. Additionally, the results of the inverse geochemical model showed that dedolomitization caused by gypsum dissolution, played a key role in the geochemical evolution from Group A to Group B. Heavy nitrate enrichment in most groundwater samples of Groups B and C was closely associated with the land‐use patterns of farmland and residential areas. Apart from the high loads of chemical fertilizers in irrigation return flow as the main source for nitrate contamination, the stagnant zones, flood irrigation pattern, mine drainage, and groundwater‐exploitation reduction program were also important contributors for such high mineralization and heavy NO3− contents in Group C. The important findings of this work not only provide the conceptual framework for the headwater basin but also have important implications for sustainable management of groundwater resources in other headwater basins of the North China Plain.
Run‐off affected by climate and anthropogenic changes in a large semi‐arid river basin
Authors: Yang Xiaonan , Sun Wenyi , Mu Xingmin , Gao Peng , Zhao Guangju 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA rapid reduction in run‐off has been observed in the middle reaches of the Yellow River basin in recent decades. Understanding the contributions of climate change and human activities, such as vegetation restoration and water consumption, to surface water resource reduction has become urgent and very important for future regional planning. Here, we use attribution approaches to explore the effects of climate change and human activities on run‐off over the past six decades. The results showed that the observed annual run‐off at Tongguan station, which is located within the mainstream of the Yellow River, exhibited a significant decreasing trend of −0.69 mm year−1 (p < .01) and varied from −0.28 to −1.46 mm year−1 (p < .01) in the eight selected tributaries from 1960 to 2015. Two relatively abrupt changes in the double mass curves occurred around 1979 and 1999; compared with Period 1 (P1; 1960–1979), the average catchment run‐off decreased 32% during Period 2 (P2; 1980–1999) and up to 49% during Period 3 (P3; 2000–2015). We calculated that approximately 29% of the reduction in the run‐off during P2 and 18% during P3 were attributed to climate change. Increased surface water consumption resulted in effective run‐off reduction, with relative contributions of approximately 27% and 28% during P2 and P3, respectively. With the implementation of the “Grain‐for‐Green” project, the vegetation coverage rapidly increased from 36% in P1 to 52% in P3 and reduced run‐off by 35% during P3. These findings explain the run‐off reduction and benefit water resource management in the middle reaches of the Yellow River basin.
Collaborative approach in developing regulations for mobile money in Sri Lanka
Authors: Suwandaarachchi Chaminda Methsiri , Bahri Shamshul , Fauzi Ali 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMobile money brought bank‐like facilities through low‐cost operations and extensive agent networks to unbanked communities. Regulatory responses and support are essential, requiring significant changes to current regulatory practices. Due to their limited technical knowledge and financial technology resources, regulators worked with industry to overcome these challenges. Such collaborations are scarce. This study proposes a model for mobile money collaborative regulatory development. Actual practices were mapped with negotiated rulemaking theory to derive variations and extensions to the original theory. Regulators appointed a discussion committee with broader representation for objective decisions. Throughout the negotiation process, the central bank maintained close control; participants are motivated to compromise their interests to achieve joint gains. Findings reveal that collaboration gave participants the necessary knowledge and information to develop effective regulation. The central bank composed the executable rule through collaboration. Subsequent revisions are also key to regulatory development. These revisions were developed with stakeholder involvement as suggestions and comments. Mobility regulation also observes collaborative testing and benchmarking. Specialized subcommittees will further improve the negotiation process.
Altered‐specificity mutants of the HIV Rev arginine‐rich motif‐RRE IIB interaction
Authors: Raad Nicole G. , Ghattas Ingrid R. , Amano Ryo , Watanabe Natsuki , Sakamoto Taiichi , Smith Colin A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractArginine‐rich motifs (ARMs) bind RNA structures with high affinity and specificity, and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exploits ARM‐RNA interactions to regulate its lifecycle. The expression of HIV structural genes relies on recognition between the ARM of its Rev protein and its primary binding site, an internal loop in the viral RNA, the Rev‐response element region IIB (IIB). Many functional variants of the Rev ARM‐IIB interaction have been discovered, yet how easily it can evolve new specificities is poorly explored. A double mutant of Rev ARM, R35G‐N40 V, uses an unknown strategy to recognize IIB. Here, isothermal titration calorimetry and gel shift assays show that the R35G‐N40V‐IIB interaction has high affinity and specificity in vitro and a larger unfavorable entropy change upon binding than that of wild‐type Rev ARM‐IIB. In stark contrast with the critical dependence of wild‐type Rev on Arg35, Arg39, Asn40, and Arg44, mutational profiling shows R35G‐N40V is highly mutable at positions 40 and 44 and dependent on Gly35, Arg38, Arg39, Arg42, and Arg43. Affinity measurements in vitro and reporter assay measurements in vivo are consistent with the wild‐type Rev ARM and R35G‐N40V maintaining their recognition strategies when binding IIB mutants specific to wild‐type Rev ARM and R35G‐N40V, respectively. Some single amino acid mutants of wild‐type Rev ARM and R35G‐N40V have enhanced specificity, recognizing mutant IIBs yet not wild‐type IIB. These results provide another example of viral ARM‐RNA interactions evolving new specificities with few mutations, consistent with neutral theories of evolution.
Orbital seeding of mesenchymal stromal cells increases osteogenic differentiation and bone‐like tissue formation
Authors: Melke Johanna , Zhao Feihu , Ito Keita , Hofmann Sandra 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn bone tissue engineering (TE), an efficient seeding and homogenous distribution of cells is needed to avoid cell loss and damage as well as to facilitate tissue development. Dynamic seeding methods seem to be superior to the static ones because they tend to result in a more homogeneous cell distribution by using kinetic forces. However, most dynamic seeding techniques are elaborate or require special equipment and its influence on the final bone tissue‐engineered construct is not clear. In this study, we applied a simple, dynamic seeding method using an orbital shaker to seed human bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMSCs) on silk fibroin scaffolds. Significantly higher cell numbers with a more homogenous cell distribution, increased osteogenic differentiation, and mineral deposition were observed using the dynamic approach both for 4 and 6 hours as compared to the static seeding method. The positive influence of dynamic seeding could be attributed to both cell density and distribution but also nutrient supply during seeding and shear stresses (0.0‐3.0 mPa) as determined by computational simulations. The influence of relevant mechanical stimuli during seeding should be investigated in the future, especially regarding the importance of mechanical cues for bone TE applications. Our results highlight the importance of adequate choice of seeding method and its impact on developing tissue‐engineered constructs. The application of this simple seeding technique is not only recommended for bone TE but can also be used for seeding similar porous scaffolds with hBMSCs in other TE fields.
Prevalence and significance of cranial nerve imaging abnormalities in patients with hereditary neuropathies: Clinical implications at the skull base
Authors: Bartholomew Ryan A. , Zamani Amir A. , Kim Grace S. , Alyono Jennifer C. , Steinert Haley , Fridman Vera , Sadjadi Reza , Jackler Robert K. , Corrales C. Eduardo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence and significance of cranial nerve (CN) imaging abnormalities in patients with hereditary neuropathy and discuss clinical implications.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from patients at four tertiary academic medical centers with hereditary neuropathy diagnoses who had undergone gadolinium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain or skull base between 2004 and 2018. MRI scans, as well as computed tomography imaging when available, were reviewed and bivariable analysis was performed to identify predictors of CN abnormalities on imaging.ResultsAmong 39 patients meeting study criteria, 11 had clinical CN deficits (28%) and 8 had CN abnormalities on imaging (21%). Of the patients with CN abnormalities on imaging, half had CN deficits (4/8) and only a quarter had imaging abnormalities of the CNs with the deficits (2/8). Imaging abnormalities were found in varied CNs, including CNs III, V, VII, and the VII/VIII complex in the internal auditory canal. MRI obtained for the purpose of evaluating CN deficits had a statistically significant increased likelihood of containing CN imaging abnormalities. However, CN deficits themselves were not predictive of imaging abnormalities.ConclusionThickening and enhancement of CNs on MRI may be found in approximately 1/5 of patients with hereditary neuropathies and are inconsistently associated with clinical deficits. These imaging findings should not be mistaken for neoplastic and infectious processes as they may be manifestations of the patients' underlying genetic neuropathy.Level of Evidence4.
Bioriented flags and resolutions of Schubert varieties
Authors: Cibotaru Daniel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe use incidence relations running in two directions in order to construct a Kempf–Laksov type resolution for any Schubert variety of the complete flag manifold but also an embedded resolution for any Schubert variety in the Grassmannian. These constructions are alternatives to the celebrated Bott–Samelson resolutions. The second process led to the introduction of W‐flag varieties, algebro‐geometric objects that interpolate between the standard flag manifolds and products of Grassmannians, but which are singular in general. The surprising simple desingularization of a particular such type of variety produces an embedded resolution of the Schubert variety within the Grassmannian.
Anatomo‐Functional Mapping of the Primate Mesencephalic Locomotor Region Using Stereotactic Lesions
Authors: Gay Marion , Belaid Hayat , Rogers Alister , Pérez‐García Fernando , Roustan Maxime , Bardinet Eric , François Chantal , Karachi Carine 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundDysfunction of the mesencephalic locomotor region has been implicated in gait disorders. However, the role of its 2 components, the pedunculopontine and the cuneiform nuclei, in locomotion is poorly understood in primates.ObjectivesTo analyze the effect of cuneiform lesions on gait and balance in 2 monkeys and to compare them with those obtained after cholinergic pedunculopontine lesions in 4 monkeys and after lesions in both the cuneiform and pedunculopontine nuclei in 1 monkey.MethodsAfter each stereotactic lesion, we performed a neurological examination and gait and balance assessments with kinematic measures during a locomotor task. The 3‐dimensional location of each lesion was analyzed on a common brainstem space.ResultsAfter each cuneiform lesion, we observed a contralateral cervical dystonia including an increased tone in the proximal forelimb and an increase in knee angle, back curvature and walking speed. Conversely, cholinergic pedunculopontine lesions increased tail rigidity and back curvature and an imbalance of the muscle tone between the ipsi‐ and contralateral hindlimb with decreased knee angles. The walking speed was decreased. Moreover, pedunculopontine lesions often resulted in a longer time to waking postsurgery.ConclusionsThe location of the lesions and their behavioral effects revealed a somatotopic organization of muscle tone control, with the neck and forelimb represented within the cuneiform nucleus and hindlimb and tail represented within the pedunculopontine nucleus. Cuneiform lesions increased speed, whereas pedunculopontine lesions decreased it. These findings confirm the complex and specific role of the cuneiform and pedunculopontine nuclei in locomotion and suggest the role of the pedunculopontine in sleep control. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Aberrant Somatosensory–Motor Adaptation in Musicians' Dystonia
Authors: Furuya Shinichi , Lee André , Oku Takanori , Altenmüller Eckart 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundSome forms of movement disorders are characterized by task‐specific manifestations of symptoms. However, its underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we addressed this issue through a novel motor adaptation experimental paradigm.MethodsPianists with and without focal task‐specific dystonia learned to play the piano with a key whose weight can be modified by a novel robot system.ResultsThe result clearly demonstrated a significantly larger error between the target and produced keystroke velocities in the patients than the controls following a repetition of keystrokes of the weighted key. This adaptation failure was not correlated with the variability of timing and velocity of the keystroke when the patients were playing unloaded piano keys, which suggests distinct effects of focal task‐specific dystonia on motor adaptation and fine motor control. Immediately after a repetition of the strikes of the heavy key with keeping the fingers adducted, the error of the keystroke velocity when striking the key with the fingers more abducted was maintained in both the patients and controls. This generalization of the adaptation across different hand postures suggests that motor memory of dynamics of the piano key is independent of biomechanical properties of the hand. Importantly, a lack of difference in the finger muscular strength between the groups indicated that the adaptation failure was not attributed to deficit of muscular strength in the patients.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that task‐specific manifestation of dystonic movements in focal task‐specific dystonia is associated with malfunctions of internal representation of mechanical properties of a well‐trained tool. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society