bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis and Forecast of Urban Air Quality Based on BP Neural Network
Authors: Wang Wenjing , Yang Shengquan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The rapid economic development has led to the declining quality of the atmospheric environment. At present, my country is facing a very serious problem of atmospheric environmental pollution. Accurate prediction of air quality plays a vital role in the realization of air pollution control by environmental protection departments. Based on the historical air pollution concentration data, this paper establishes a BP neural network model to learn the statistical law of air pollutant values to realize the prediction of air quality in the future. Through the analysis of the target of air quality prediction, the design of an air quality prediction method based on BP neural network is designed. This method includes four stages: air pollutant concentration data collection, data processing, air quality index calculation, and prediction network construction. The experimental results show that the air quality prediction method based on BP neural network designed and implemented in this paper, combined with the developed air quality prediction system, can effectively predict the recent changes in air quality and various air pollutant concentrations. By collecting the concentration data of air pollutants and learning the changes of air pollutants to achieve air quality prediction, it provides a quantitative reference for government environmental protection departments to achieve air pollution control.
Monitoring of rotavirus in treated wastewater in Tehran with a monthly interval, in 2017–2018
Authors: Tavakoli Nick Shadi , Mohebbi Seyed Reza , Hosseini Seyed Masoud , Mirjalali Hamed , Alebouyeh Masoud 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Rotaviruses are among the major causes of viral acute gastroenteritis in newborns and children younger than 5 years worldwide. The ability of rotaviruses to remain infectious in harsh environments as well as in the wastewater treatment process makes them one of the most prevalent enteric viruses. The current study aimed to determine the presence of rotavirus genomes and to analyze them phylogenetically in secondary treated wastewater (TW) samples. In total, 13 TW samples were collected from September 2017 to August 2018. Viral concentration was carried out using the absorption-elution method, and after RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, real-time and conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed. A phylogenetic tree was drawn using Maximum Likelihood and Tamura 3-parameter using MEGA v.6 software. Rotavirus genomes were detected in 7/13 (53.8%) and 3/13 (23.07%) samples using reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and conventional PCR, respectively. Accordingly, phylogenetic analysis revealed G4P[8], G9P[4], and G9P[8] genotypes among the samples. The presence of rotavirus in secondary TW samples discharged into surface water emphasizes the importance of monitoring and assessing viral contamination in the water sources used for agricultural and recreational purposes.
Compliance with a boil water advisory after the contamination of a municipal drinking water supply system in Norway
Authors: Franer Kristian , Meijerink Hinta , Hyllestad Susanne 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Boil-water advisories (BWAs) are one of the several methods to prevent the spread of infectious diseases through contaminated water. However, for BWAs to be effective, consumers need to be aware of, understand and comply with the advisories. Although BWAs are a widely used preventive public health measure, compliance with BWAs is rarely examined. In Norway, only one previous study on compliance with BWAs has been conducted. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study to estimate consumers’ perception of and compliance with a BWA following a contamination incident at an elevated reservoir in Konnerud (population 10,314), Norway. In total, 2,451 of the 9,312 (26.3%) invited residents responded to the questionnaire. Among the respondents, 97.6% remembered receiving the BWA, of whom 94.6% complied with the advice. Effective compliance with the BWA was thus 92.3%. Only 130 (5.4%) respondents did not comply with the BWA. The main reason for non-compliance was perceived low or no risk of getting sick from the water (34.2%). Our study revealed high awareness of and compliance with the BWA, but the people who did not comply maintained several misconceptions about waterborne infections and transmission. The findings can be used by local health authorities to improve future BWAs.
On Certain Topological Indices of Three-Layered Single-Walled Titania
Nanosheets
Authors: Arockiaraj Micheal , Liu Jia-Bao , Arulperumjothi M. , Prabhu S. 
Published: October 2020

Aim and Objective:
Nanostructures are objects whose sizes are between microscopic and molecular. The most significant of these new elements are carbon nanotubes. These elements have extraordinary microelectronic properties and many other exclusive physiognomies. Recently, researchers have given the attention to the mathematical properties of these materials. The aim and objective of this research article is to investigate the most important molecular descriptors namely Wiener, edge-Wiener, vertex-edge-Wiener, vertex-Szeged, edge-Szeged, edge-vertex-Szeged, total-Szeged, PI, Schultz, Gutman, Mostar, edge-Mostar, and total-Mostar indices of three-layered single-walled titania nanosheets. By computing these topological indices, materials science researchers can have a better understanding of structural and physical properties of titania nanosheets, and thereby more easily synthesizing new variants of titania nanosheets with more amenable physicochemical properties.

Methods:
The cut method turned out to be extremely handy when dealing with distance-based graph invariants which are in turn among the central concepts of chemical graph theory. In this method, we use the Djokovic ́-Winkler relation to find the suitable edge cuts to leave the graph into exactly two components. Based on the graph theoretical measures of the components, we obtain the desired topological indices by mathematical computations.

Results:
In this paper, distance-based indices for three-layered single-walled titania nanosheets were investigated and given the exact expressions for various dimensions of three-layered single-walled titania nanosheets. These indices may be useful in synthesizing new variants of titania nanosheets and the computed topological indices play an important role in studies of Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) and Quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR).

Conclusion:
In this paper, we have obtained the closed expressions of several distance-based topological indices of three-layered single-walled titania nanosheet TNS_3 [m,n] molecular graph for the cases m≥ n and m < n. The graphical validations for the computed indices are done and we observe that the Wiener types, Schultz and Gutman indices perform in a similar way whereas PI and Mostar type indices perform in the same way.
Comprehensive Study on Sliding Surface and Stability of a Soil Landslide
Authors: Fayou A. , Dai Xuegang , Yan Shiqan , Liao Chenxi 
Published: October 2020

Objective:
The paper aims to solve the problem of determining the sliding surface of soil landslide,
and to provide the basis for landslide stability analysis and prevention engineering.

Methods:
In this paper, the sliding surface is determined by field exploration, and the sliding surface is
comprehensively determined by FLAC3D numerical simulation method. At the same time, Sweden Arc
Method and FLAC3D numerical simulation are used to make a comprehensive comparative analysis on the
deformation and stability of the landslide.

Results:
The position of the sliding surface of dawanjiang landslide is determined by FLAC3D numerical
simulation method, which is located in the eluvium and the maximum depth is about 7m, which is basically
consistent with the speculated position. It provides a theoretical basis for landslide stability calculation and
control engineering.

Conclusions:
In the determination of sliding surface and stability calculation of soil landslide, the
comprehensive analysis combined with numerical simulation is the more reliable method.
Effect of Urate-Lowering Therapy on Cardiovascular and Kidney Outcomes
Authors: Chen Qi , Wang Zi , Zhou Jingwei , Chen Zhenjie , Li Yan , Li Shichao , Zhao Hukang , Badve Sunil V. , Lv Jicheng 
Published: October 2020

Background and objectives
Several clinical practice guidelines noted the potential benefits of urate-lowering therapy on cardiovascular disease and CKD progression; however, the effect of this regimen remains uncertain. In this systematic review, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of urate-lowering therapy on major adverse cardiovascular events, all-cause mortality, kidney failure events, BP, and GFR.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane databases for trials published through July 2020. We included prospective, randomized, controlled trials assessing the effects of urate-lowering therapy for at least 6 months on cardiovascular or kidney outcomes. Relevant information was extracted into a spreadsheet by two authors independently. Treatment effects were summarized using random effects meta-analysis.

Results
We identified 28 trials including a total of 6458 participants with 506 major adverse cardiovascular events and 266 kidney failure events. Overall urate-lowering therapy did not show benefits on major adverse cardiovascular events (risk ratio, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.74 to 1.18) and all-cause mortality (risk ratio, 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 0.78 to 1.39) or kidney failure (risk ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.61 to 1.54). Nevertheless, urate-lowering therapy attenuated the decline in the slope of GFR (weighted mean difference, 1.18 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year; 95% confidence interval, 0.44 to 1.91) and lowered the mean BP (systolic BP: weighted mean difference, −3.45 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval, −6.10 to −0.80; diastolic BP: weighted mean difference, −2.02 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval, −3.25 to −0.78). There was no significant difference (risk ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 0.94 to 1.08) in the risk of adverse events between the participants receiving urate-lowering therapy and the control group.

Conclusions
Urate-lowering therapy did not produce benefits on the clinical outcomes, including major adverse cardiovascular events, all-cause mortality, and kidney failure. Thus, there is insufficient evidence to support urate lowering in patients to improve kidney and cardiovascular outcomes.
SERUM LIPID AND TRACE MINERAL PROFILES AMONG TYPE 2 DIABETICS AND HYPERTENSIVE DIABETICS AT THE BAMENDA REGIONAL HOSPITAL
Authors: LUKONG HUBERT SHALANYUY  , SAMJE MOSES  
Published: October 2020

Objective: Diabetes mellitus has become a clinical condition of public health importance, especially in developing countries due to its high mortality and morbidity. The aim of this study was to measure and compare the lipid and serum trace mineral profile among type 2 diabetics and hypertensive diabetics with controls.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Regional Hospital, Bamenda, involving 50 diabetic normotensives, 50 hypertensive diabetics, and 50 normal recruited subjects. Serum levels of lipids and minerals were determined using standard methods.
Results: Of the four trace elements assessed, except for copper (Cu) whose mean values in diabetics were abnormally increased (p=0.01), zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), and chromium (Cr) showed significantly decreased mean values in diabetics compared to the controls (p<0.05). The mean levels of these trace elements were also significantly reduced in hypertensive diabetic patients (p<0.05). In diabetics, there was no significant difference in the lipid levels. However, only total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein mean values were significantly higher in hypertensive diabetic patients compared to the normal controls. There was also a positive significant correlation between the body mass index and Cr (r=+0.3, p=0.045) in diabetics.
Conclusion: This study saw statistically significant differences in the serum lipid and trace element levels between diabetics, hypertensive diabetics, and controls: With diabetic and diabetic hypertensive patients having higher serum Cu levels and decreased serum Mg, Zn, and Cr levels compared to the normal controls. The lipid profile levels in diabetics and hypertensive diabetics were not significant differences within the study groups for all lipid profile estimations except for TC and LDL which were significantly higher only in hypertensive diabetic patients.
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF PHYLLANTHUS EMBLICA EXTRACT PREVENT CONTRAST-INDUCED ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN RATS
Authors: SUPRANEE KONGKHAM  , ADIS TASANARONG  , ARUNPORN ITHARAT  
Published: October 2020

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the anti-apoptosis effect of the extract from Phyllanthus emblica (PE) for the prevention of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI).
Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were given saline (control) or PE extracts (500 mg/kg/day) for 5 days before the induction of CI-AKI. Renal tissues were collected for an evaluation of gene expression and immunohistochemistry (IHC). To indicate anti-apoptotic effect, the expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase in kidney were also determined, using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis.
Results: In the CI-AKI group, RT-PCR and Western blot analysis revealed that the expression levels of Bax and cleaved-caspase-3 were upregulated in the CI-AKI group, whereas the expression of Bcl-2 was downregulated. However, the pre-treatment with PE increased Bcl-2 expression. Moreover, decreased cleaved-caspases-3 activity was also detected using IHC.
Conclusion: These findings suggested that pretreatment with PE extract provided the anti-apoptotic effect against CI-AKI in the rat model.
EFFECTIVENESS OF INITIAL SOLUTIONS INCORPORATED INTO EARLY INTERVENTION DELIVERY SYSTEMS FOR CHILDREN WITH HEARING LOSS: EVIDENCE FROM HAI PHONG, VIETNAM
Authors: XUONG TUYET NGUYEN  , HA NGOC NGUYEN  , TRAM VAN TA  , VU KIEN TRAN  , HIEN THE PHAM  
Published: October 2020

Objective: Hearing loss is a serious disease that needs attention from society because of its considerable effects on the normal development of children. This study incorporated systematic solutions into early intervention delivery systems for children with hearing loss in Hai Phong, Vietnam, and evaluated the effectiveness of the strategies.
Methods: This community intervention study, which was carried out from 2013 to 2014, involved a comparison of the early intervention delivery systems before and after the implementation of the proposed solutions.
Results: Two years after the solutions were applied, the following results were derived: The availability of resources and the quality of service provision improved and access to and the use of services by families whose children suffer from hearing loss increased. The solutions also facilitated the creation of an early communal intervention program and significantly enhanced the situations of children with hearing loss as regards the average ages at which disease onset was suspected, the disease was definitively identified, hearing aid fitting was initiated, and language intervention was implemented (15.5, 21, 23.7, and 26.5 months, respectively). Finally, the solutions enabled detection, diagnosis, and early intervention at <12 and 24 months of age (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The strategy of reinforcing intervention programs with general and comprehensive solutions can be expanded to other Vietnamese provinces grappling with similar problems.
The Spillover Effect of Consolidating Securitization Entities on Small Business Lending
Authors: Dou Yiwei 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
I investigate how the consolidation of securitization entities under SFAS 166 and 167 spills over to banks' supply of small business loans, which are rarely securitized in the United States. This spillover operates through two channels. (1) In the leverage channel, consolidating banks downsize their entire loan portfolios, both small business loans and other loans, in response to increased leverage after consolidation. (2) In the risk management channel, consolidating banks adjust the mix of loans to maintain optimal diversification. The adjustment can increase the supply of small business loans when their performance covaries positively with the performance of other loans. I find that, on average, banks that consolidate more securitized assets reduce small business lending; consequently, counties with a greater market share of consolidating banks experience slower growth in small businesses. I also identify a small group of banks with sufficiently large positive performance covariance that increase small business lending.
Data Availability: All untabulated results are available upon request.
JEL Classifications: M4; G21.
The Importance of IRS Enforcement to Stock Price Crash Risk: The Role of CEO Power and Incentives
Authors: Bauer Andrew M. , Fang Xiaohua , Pittman Jeffrey A. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
We analyze whether tough IRS monitoring generates a positive externality by constraining managers' bad news hoarding activities. Supporting this prediction, we find a negative relation between the threat of an IRS audit and stock price crash risk. Our evidence is consistent with recent theory that outside investors learn more about firms when tax enforcement is stricter. Additionally, path analysis suggests that the monitoring channel (direct path) plays a critical role in shaping crash risk relative to information asymmetry channels of tax planning and accruals manipulation (indirect paths). Consistent with other predictions, we find that the monitoring role of IRS audits intensifies when firms experience worse agency conflicts stemming from CEO power and incentives. Collectively, our research implies that external monitoring by tax authorities protects shareholders against managers suppressing negative firm-specific information that engenders stock price crash risk, particularly when CEOs have wider scope and stronger incentives to hoard bad news.
Experiencia de Virtualización en la UNLPam
Authors: Filippi José Luis , Lafuente Guillermo , Ballesteros Carlos , Bertone Rodolfo 
Published: October 2020

Las herramientas tecnológicas que irrumpen el contexto sociocultural, presentan un escenario educativo donde la innovación es la única constante, en el cual convergen actividades formativas tradicionales con prácticas educativas que incorporan dispositivos tecnológicos de última generación. Gunther Kress considera que se debe enseñar a los estudiantes a incorporar diferentes medios de comunicación a través de los cuales se fomentan distintas habilidades retóricas, haciendo uso de diferentes plataformas [1]. Con el objetivo de extender el proceso formativo presencial de los estudiantes que cursan las materias Introducción a la Informática, Programación Procedural y Autómatas y Lenguajes, de las carreras Analista Programador e Ingeniería en Sistemas, se decide virtualizar dichas asignaturas en el contexto de la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad Nacional de la Pampa. El objetivo es, facilitar el proceso de aprendizaje, permitir a los educandos acceder en cualquier momento y desde cualquier lugar a la información con un dispositivo tecnológico que posea conectividad a internet. A continuación, se presenta en este artículo la experiencia desarrollada.
Enrichment of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) diet with Malic acid: Effects on skin mucosal immunity, antioxidant defecne and growth performance
Authors: Safari Roghieh , Hoseinifar Seyed Hossein , Dadar Maryam 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The present study investigated possible effects of dietary malic acid on the expression of immunity, antioxidant and growth related genes expression as well as skin mucus immune parameters in common carp. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings were fed diets supplemented with different levels (0 [control], 0.5%, 1%, 2%) of malic acid (MA) for 60 days. The results revealed highest expression levels of immune-related genes (tnf-alpha, il1b, il8 and lyz) in skin of common carp fed 2% MA (P < 0.05). Regarding 1% MA treatment comparison with control group, significant difference was noticed just in case of lyz (P < 0.05). Evaluation of growth related genes expression revealed no significant difference between treatments (P > 0.05). The study of antioxidant related genes (gsta and gpx) in common carp skin fed with MA, showed significant difference between treated groups and control (P < 0.05). Carps fed with 2% MA had highest alkaline phosphatase activity in skin mucus compared other treated groups and control (P < 0.05). There were no significant difference between 0.5% and 1% and control (P > 0.05). The study of total protein and total immunoglobulin (Ig) in common carp skin musus revealed no alteration following MA treatment (P > 0.05). The present data demonstrated that feeding with MA altered immune and antioxidant genes expression in skin mucus of common carp.
Chemical and Phytochemical Analyses of Extracts from the Leaves of Acalypha wilkesiana, “an Herbal Plant used for the Treatment of Various Skin Disorders”
Authors: Adejoke Osibote E. , Paulinus Nwafor S. , Omonigho Iluobe H. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Acalypha wilkesiana is a tropical herb used for the treatment of skin disorders. Phytochemical studies carried out on the pulverized dried leaves of the plant revealed the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones, saponins, flavonoids and tannins. The crude 50% methanol extract obtained from the dried leaves was sequentially partitioned into three fractions. Thin layer chromatography of the fractions revealed three (3) components each in hexane fraction; ethyl acetate fraction and butanol fraction of the plant extract. Column chromatography of the fractions was carried out. The infrared analyses of the components revealed the presence of alkenes, hydroxyl group, conjugate carbonyls, esters in the hexane fraction components. Those from the ethyl acetate and butanol fractions contained aliphatic amides or amines with carbonyl and esters attached in the two fractions. Essential oil was extracted from the dried leaves using hydro-distillation method. GC-MS analysis of the essential oil revealed the presence of major compounds which included: n-Hexadecanoic acid 4-Hexen-2-one-3-methyl, Pyrrole and 6-Benzamido-4-benzoyl-1,2,4-triazine-3,5. The presence of the functional groups inferred from IR and GC-MS analyses with the antimicrobial potential of the essential oil may support the use of the plant in the management of skin infections, gastrointestinal disorders and other ailments.