bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Sociodemographic Profile of the First 33 COVID 19 Cases Treated at Dedicated Treatment Center in Ethiopia.
Authors: Waji Sisay Teklu , Sultan Menbeu , Azazh Aklilu Azazh , Worku Aschalew , Redae Berhane , Walelign Miraf , Tefera Muluwork , Argaw Rahel , Waganew Woldesenbet , Yifru Sisay , Amogne Wondwossen , Tessema Natnael , Bekele Abebaw , Gebreegziabher Yonas , Araya Hiruy , Birhanu Addisu , Demoz Getachew , Tadesse Bethelehem , Seman Yakob , Genetu Abebe , Abayneh Aschalew 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Back ground: Severe respiratory tract infection caused by family of Corona viruses has become world pandemic and is claiming many lives. In this study we have described the first 33 cases diagnosed, admitted and treated in Ethiopia COVID treatment center with the aim of contributing some information to the local and global effort of controlling the pandemic.Method: Descriptive study was conducted on the first 33 consecutive RT-PCR confirmed COVID 19 cases diagnosed and managed at Ekka-Kotebe COVID treatment center in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Result: Data of the first 33 COVID 19 confirmed patients treated at Ekka-kotebe COVID treatment center was analyzed. The median age of the cases was 36 years. Cough, headache and fever were the most frequent symptoms in the firs 33 COVID 19 cases reported in this study. Diarrhea, sore throats, loss of taste and/or smell sensation were among the rare symptoms. Most (84.8%) had mild to moderate disease and 15.2%(n = 5) were critical at the time of admission. Among the five ICU admissions, four patients required invasive mechanical ventilation. Both mild and moderate cases were managed in the general ward with or without low flow oxygen treatment. Thirty cases were discharged after two pairs of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samples turned negative for SARS CoV2. Three cases from the ICU died while on mechanical ventilator. Age of the two deaths was 65 years and one was 60 years. With the exception of three, all cases were either imported from abroad or had contact with confirmed case.
A Qualitative Study of Clinicians’ Perspectives on Independent Rights Advice for Involuntary Psychiatric Patients in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Cheung Iva , Silva Diego S. , Miller Kimberly J. , Michalak Erin E. , Goldsmith Charles H. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: In British Columbia, Canada, clinicians are responsible for giving involuntary psychiatric patients rights information upon admission. Yet an investigation by the BC Office of the Ombudsperson found that clinicians are not always fulfilling this responsibility. The Ombudsperson recommended that the provincial government fund an independent body to give rights advice to patients.Methods: To understand how clinicians feel about this recommendation, focus groups of clinicians who may give psychiatric patients rights information (n = 81) were conducted in Vancouver, BC, to probe their attitudes toward independent rights advisors. The focus group transcripts were thematically analyzed.Results: Most clinicians believe that giving rights information is within their scope of practice, although some acknowledge that giving involuntary patients rights information presents a conflict of interest when the patient wishes to challenge the treatment team’s decisions. Participants’ chief concerns about an independent rights-advice service were that (a) patients may experience a delay in receiving their rights information, (b) integrating rights advisors into the workflow would complicate an already chaotic admission process, and (c) more patients would be counselled to challenge their hospitalization, leading to an increased administrative workload for clinical staff. However, many participants believed that independent rights advisors would be a positive addition to the admission process, both allowing clinicians to focus on treatment and serving as a resource for clinicians and patients who have rights-related questions.Conclusions: Participants were generally amenable to an independent rights-advice service, suggesting that the introduction of rights advisors need not result in an adversarial relationship between treatment team and patient, as opponents of the proposal fear. Clearly distinguishing between basic rights information and in-depth rights advice could address several of the clinicians’ concerns about the role that independent rights advisors would play in the involuntary admission process. Clinicians’ and other stakeholders’ concerns should be considered as the province develops its rights-advice service.
Comparison of percutaneous cross screw fixation versus open reduction and internal fixation for Day type II crescent fracture-dislocation: Case-control study
Authors: Xiang Guangheng , Dong Xiaoyu , Jiang Xingan , Cai Leyi , Wang Jianshun , Guo Xiaoshan , Xiao Jian , Feng Yongzeng 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinical outcomes of percutaneous cross screws internal fixation (PCSIF) for Day type II crescent fracture-dislocation (CFD). Methods: We reviewed 66 consecutive patients undergoing surgical treatment for Day type II CFD from June 2005 to December 2017. PCSIF was performed in 40 patients, and open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) was performed in 26 patients. The patient characteristics, surgical complications, radiographic and clinical outcomes and were compared. Results: There was no statistically difference on the mean time from injury to surgery between the two groups. The time of operation, the amount of blood loss, the length of incision and the hospital stay were significantly shorter in the PCSIF Group. No significant difference on Matta scores and Majeed scores between the two groups. The ORIF Group resulted in a higher rate of intraoperative hemorrhage, nerve injury, discomfort and pain. Conclusion: PCSIF for Day Ⅱ type pelvic CFD was safe and effective. Minimally invasive fixation had the advantages of short operation time and hospitalization time, less intraoperative bleeding and less surgical trauma.
Epidemiology of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus species carriage in companion animals in the Greater Brisbane Area, Australia
Authors: Rynhoud Hester , Meler Erika , Gibson Justine S , Price Rochelle , Maguire Tina , Farry Trisha , Bennett Emma , Hartono Josephine , Magalhães Ricardo J Soares 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus species such as S. aureus (MRSA) and S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) can be involved in life-threatening multidrug resistant infections in companion animals. Knowledge of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus (MRS) carriage and factors influencing carriage in companion animals from South East Queensland is limited. Nasal and rectal swab samples were collected from dogs, cats and horses upon admission or within 24 hours of hospitalisation to several primary accession and referral veterinary practices between November 2015 and December 2017. MRSA and MRSP were identified using standard microbiological (Brilliance selective medium) and molecular (mecA gene PCR) methods. Risk factors associated with methicillin resistant Staphylococcus (MRS) carriage were quantified using Bernoulli logistic regression models. A Bayesian geostatistical model was developed to predict the probability of MRS carriage in Brisbane and surrounding areas. Results: Our results indicated that while the prevalence of MRSP carriage in dogs was 8.7% (35/402) no MRSP was isolated from cats (0/69) and horses (0/60); no MRSA was isolated in any species. MRSP carriage in dogs was significantly associated with previous hospitalisation, previous bacterial infection, consultation type, average precipitation, and human population density. Our predictive map of MRSP carriage indicated that the probability of carriage was highest along the coastal areas of Greater Brisbane, particularly Brisbane city, Sunshine Coast and Gympie areas. Conclusions: This study determined that MRSP carriage in dog populations from South East Queensland is geographically clustered and associated with both clinical and environmental factors.
Role of Interprofessional Primary Care Teams in Preventing Avoidable Hospitalizations and Hospital Readmissions in Ontario, Canada: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Haj-Ali Wissam , Moineddin Rahim , Hutchison Brian , Wodchis Walter P , Glazier Richard H. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Improving health system value and efficiency are considered major policy priorities internationally. Ontario has undergone a primary care reform that included introduction of interprofessional teams. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between receiving care from interprofessional versus non-interprofessional primary care teams and ambulatory care sensitive condition (ACSC) hospitalizations and hospital readmissions.Methods: Population-based administrative databases were linked to form data extractions of interest between the years of 2003–2005 and 2015–2017 in Ontario, Canada. The data sources were available through ICES. The Study Design was a Retrospective longitudinal cohort. We used a “difference-in-differences” approach for evaluating changes in ACSC hospitalizations and hospital readmissions before and after the introduction of interprofessional team-based primary care while adjusting for physician group, physician and patient characteristics.Principle Findings: As of March 31st, 2017, there were a total of 778 physician groups, of which 465 were blended capitation Family Health Organization (FHOs); 177 FHOs (22.8%) were also interprofessional teams and 288 (37%) were more conventional group practices (“non-interprofessional teams”). In this period, there were a total of 13,480 primary care physicians in Ontario of whom 4,848 (36%) were affiliated with FHOs—2,311 (17.1%) practicing in interprofessional teams and 2,537 (18.8%) practicing in non-interprofessional teams. During that same period, there were 475,611 and 618,363 multi-morbid patients in interprofessional teams and non-interprofessional teams respectively out of a total of 2,920,990 multi-morbid adult patients in Ontario. There was no difference in change over time in ACSC admissions between interprofessional and non-interprofessional teams between the pre- and post intervention periods. There were no statistically significant changes in all cause hospital re-admissions between the post- and pre-intervention periods for interprofessional and non-interprofessional teams.Conclusion: Our study findings indicate that the introduction of interprofessional team-based primary care was not associated with changes in ACSC hospitalization or hospital readmissions. The findings point for the need to couple interprofessional team-based care with other enablers of a strong primary care system to improve health services utilization efficiency.
The Current Landscape of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Service Delivery Models for Hiv Prevention: A Scoping Review
Authors: Vanhamel Jef , Rotsaert Anke , Reyniers Thijs , Nöstlinger Christiana , Laga Marie , Landeghem Ella Van , Vuylsteke Bea 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Strengthening HIV combination prevention is imperative given the continued high HIV incidence worldwide. The introduction of oral PrEP as a new biomedical HIV prevention tool can be a potential gamechanger because of its high clinical efficacy and the feasibility of making it available for different key populations.Experiences with different PrEP delivery models in a variety of settings and HIV epidemics will inform howits uptake and usage can be maximised.Methods: We conducted a scoping review using the five-step framework for conducting scoping studies provided by Arksey and O’Malley. We systematically searched the existing peer-reviewed international and grey literature describing four components of a PrEP service delivery model in real-world: the target population of PrEP services, the setting where PrEP was delivered, PrEP providers’ professionalisation and PrEP delivery channels. We restricted our search to English language articles. No geographical or time restrictions were set.Results: Following exclusion of ineligible records and removal of duplicates, 33 articles were retained for charting and analysing of the results. The target population of PrEP services was often described in terms of PrEP eligibility without targeting specific subgroups. If a specific target group was mentioned, PrEP was mainly offered to men who have sex with men (MSM). PrEP was often delivered centralisedin specialist clinics providing HIV, sexual health or STI care. Yet examples of de-centralised and community-based PrEP delivery have been reported. Health care providers delivering PrEP were mainly medical professionals, with task-shifting to non-traditional health professionals and lay providers identified in a minority of the studies. PrEP was mainly delivered through classic in-person visits. More innovative options using mHealth and telemedicine approaches to deliver specific parts of PrEP services are currently being applied.Conclusions: Within our scope for PrEP service delivery models, a range of possibilities was found for all components of such models. This reflects differentiation of care according to different contextual settings. More research is needed on how integration of services in these contexts could respond to the needs of different profiles of PrEPuserswithin a combination prevention approach.
A Systematic Analysis of Adolescents’ Physical Activity Level and Sedentary Behavior
Authors: Alshammari Salem , Boushehry Heyam Reda , Alsahli Sultan Mohammed 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Physical activity (PA) promotion and sedentary behavior (SB) reduction are needed to address the increasing rates of noncommunicable diseases (World Health Organization. Noncommunicable diseases, 2018). In the last two decades, there has been an increase in the incidence of both overweight young people and diabetes. Many countries have been looking for solutions to help young people achieve well-being (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011). However, few studies have been conducted to examine PA levels among adolescents, which leaves gaps to be filled regarding the understanding of overall health in adolescents. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which adolescents engage in regular PA as opposed to sedentary activities, such as watching television and using the internet, after controlling for sex and age. Finally, this study helped address how adolescents spend their time engaging in PA. The data were obtained from the National Youth Risk Behavior Survey (NYRB-S) 2007 by the Centers for Disease Control (http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/yrbs/data/). The participants in this study consisted of (14041) adolescents ranging in age from 12 to 18 years old. The NYRB-S was an instrument used to assess risk factors that affect adolescents. We concluded that there were significant overall effects of daily time watching television and age on PA level. Subjects who spent 4 to 14 hours daily watching television had a significantly higher mean level of PA than subjects who watched television for 0 to 4 hours daily. The analysis also showed that the seven age groups differed significantly. There were significant correlations between time spent engaging in SB, age and PA levels. An increase in television viewing was related to a decrease in PA, and subjects between the ages of 13 and 16 tended to watch television more frequently.
Vaccine Hesitancy Among Pediatric Nurses: Prevalence and Associated Factors
Authors: Elizondo-Alzola Usue , Carrasco Mireia G. , Pinós Laia , Picchio Camila Andrea , Rius Cristina , Diez Elia 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background. Immunization rates of immuno-preventable diseases have declined in recent decades due to vaccine hesitancy. Primary care nurses play an essential role in promoting and maintaining vaccination coverage but may have doubts about or question the need to vaccinate. This study describes the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy and the associated factors among pediatric primary care nurses in Barcelona (Spain).Methods. Cross-sectional descriptive study. We invited the pediatric nurses (N = 165) working at all the Barcelona public primary health services (N = 41) to participate. They answered a questionnaire with sociodemographic and behavioral variables: severity and probability of contracting the diseases in the vaccination schedule; safety and protection of each vaccine; and beliefs, social norms, and knowledge about vaccines. Outcome variable was vaccine hesitancy, dichotomized into no hesitant (nurses who would vaccinate their own offspring), and hesitant (including those who would not vaccinate them, those who had doubts and those who would delay the administration of one or more vaccines).We performed bivariate analysis and adjusted logistic regression models.Results. 83% of pediatric nurses (N = 137) agreed to participate. A 32.1% of them reported vaccine hesitancy, especially about the HPV (21.9%) and varicella (17.5%) vaccines. In the multivariate analysis, hesitancy was associated with low perception of the severity of whooping cough [aOR: 3.88; (95%CI):1.32–11.4], low perception of safety of the HPV vaccine [aOR:8.5;(95%CI):1.24–57.8], the belief that vaccines are administered too early [aOR:6.09;(95%CI):1.98–18.8], and not having children [aOR:4.05;(95%CI):1.22–13.3].Conclusions. Although most pediatric nurses would vaccinate their own children, almost one third display some kind of vaccine hesitancy, mainly related with doubts about HPV and varicella vaccines, as well as some misconceptions. These factors should be addressed to enhance their fundamental role in promoting vaccination among families.
An assessment of a 'Training-of-trainers programme for clinic committees' in a South African district: A qualitative exploratory study
Authors: Esau Natasha , English René , King Maylene Shung 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background In South Africa (SA), clinics and community health centres are the predominant primary level health care facilities in the public health sector. As part of legislated health governance requirements, clinic committees (referring to those for clinics and community health centres) were established to provide management oversight and bring to bear the perspectives and participation of communities at Primary Health Care (PHC) facilities. In order for the committees to better understand their roles, they need training. Facilitators in a district of SA were trained through a designated programme, called the ‘PHC Facility Governance Structures Trainer-of-Facilitator (ToF) Learning Programme‘, in preparation for the training of clinic committees. This paper explores how the programme had evolved and was experienced by the trained facilitators, in a district in SA. Methods We employed a retrospective qualitative case study design, guided by the Illuminative Evaluation Framework, with the training programme in the selected district as the case. The study assessed whether the intended aims of the training programme were clearly conveyed by the trainers, and how participants understood and subsequently conveyed the training programme intentions to the clinic committees. Key informant interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with trainers and managers, complemented by a review of relevant policy and legislative documents, and published literature. Study participants were purposively selected based on their involvement in the development, facilitation or training of the programme. Thirteen individuals participated in the study, and 23 (national, provincial and partner) documents were reviewed. Results Despite the different perceptions and understandings of the ToF Learning Programme, its overall aims were achieved. Trainers’ capacity was strengthened and clinic committees were trained accordingly. The training programme holds promise for possible national scale-up. The high quality of the interactive posters can be considered equally valuable as a training tool as the training manuals. Conclusions Trainers’ capacity was strengthened and clinic committees were trained accordingly, despite deviations in implementation of the original training approach and plan.
Impacts of triglycerides-glucose index on prognosis of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome: results from an observational cohort study in China
Authors: Zhao Qi , Zhang Ting-Yu , Cheng Yu-Jing , Ma Yue , Xu Ying-Kai , Yang Jia-Qi , Zhou Yujie 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The relationship between triglycerides-glucose index (TyG index) and the prevalence and prognosis of cardiovascular disease has been confirmed by former studies. However, it remains uncertain whether TyG index has a prognostic impact in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Methods
The study retrospectively enrolled 832 patients (mean age: 60.7 ± 8.4 years; 68.1% men) with T2DM and NSTE-ACS who underwent PCI at Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January to December 2015. TyG index was calculated as previously reported: ln [fasting TGs (mg/dL) * FBG (mg/dL) / 2]. The primary endpoint was a composite of adverse events as follows: all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) and ischemia-driven revascularization.
Results
TyG index were significantly higher in patients with a primary endpoint event compared with those without. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that 1-unit increase of TyG index was independently associated with higher risk of primary endpoint, independent of other risk factors [hazard ratio (HR) 2.644 per 1-unit increase, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.086–3.352, P < 0.001]. The addition of TyG index to a baseline risk model had an incremental effect on the predictive value for adverse prognosis [AUC: baseline risk model, 0.748 vs. baseline risk model + TyG index, 0.860, P for comparison < 0.001; category-free net reclassification improvement (NRI) 0.378, P < 0.001; integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) 0.139, P < 0.001].
Conclusion
Increased TyG index is a significant predictor of adverse prognosis in patients with T2DM and NSTE-ACS undergoing PCI. Further studies need to be performed to determine whether interventions for TyG index have a positive impact on improving clinical prognosis.