bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy PI controller‐based model reference adaptive control for voltage control of two connected microgrids
Authors: Keshta Hossam E. , Saied Ebtisam M. , Malik Om P. , Bendary Fahmy M. , Ali Ahmed A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn efficient control strategy for two connected microgrids (MGs) is proposed to ensure stable and economic operation. One of the most important means of improving energy efficiency is to achieve the best response for sudden and stochastic disturbances to which the MGs are subjected. Traditionally, MGs are controlled using a linear controller, such as conventional proportional‐integral (PI) controller. Fuzzy PI (FPI) controller‐based model reference adaptive control that can adapt to a wide range of operating conditions for regulating the voltage is investigated and its performance is compared with the conventional linear PI controller that is not able to mitigate these disturbances efficiently. Parameters of the proposed controller are optimised using an advanced optimisation technique called global porcellio scaber algorithm (GPSA). Performance of the controllers is demonstrated on two connected microgrids for a number of scenarios such as load variations, weather fluctuations and faults. Simulation results verify that the proposed control strategy is effective and feasible under various operating conditions for this system. The results also show that the dynamic performance of the system with the model reference adaptive fuzzy PI (MRAFPI) controller is better than that with the most common controller used for this application, the conventional PI controller, for different operating conditions.
KS‐FQA: Keyframe selection based on face quality assessment for efficient face recognition in video
Authors: Bahroun Sahbi , Abed Rahma , Zagrouba Ezzeddine 
Published: December 2020

AbstractVideo is considered as one of the most useful and important forms of multimedia data, that is usually used in several applications. Despite its importance, video indexing and retrieval becomes a challenging task. In order to reduce the amount of data and keep only relevant frames, keyframe extraction becomes necessary in a content‐based video retrieval (CBVR) system. In this paper, a keyframe extraction method is proposed based on the face image quality for video surveillance systems. Data is reduced by rejecting frames without faces. Then, face images are clustered by identity. After that, a set of candidate frames is selected to be proceeded. The face quality assessment is based on four metrics including pose estimation, sharpness, brightness and resolution, and the frame with the best face quality is considered as a keyframe. Experimental tests were carried on several datasets in order to prove the efficiency of authors' method compared with state‐of‐the‐art approaches.
Image denoising method based on variable exponential fractional‐integer‐order total variation and tight frame sparse regularization
Authors: Wang Yingmei , Wang Zhendong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study presents a variational image restoration algorithm based on variable exponential fractional‐order total variation (TV), variable exponential integer‐order TV and tight frame sparse regularization. The energy functional of this variational problem is composed of four parts: a fractional‐order TV regularization term with a variable exponent, an integer‐order TV regularization term with a variable exponent, a data fidelity term and a tight frame regularization term. The variable exponent is a function of the gradient information of the image. The first three parts of the energy functional is the smooth part, and the last part is the non‐smooth part. To minimize the smooth part, the optimization problem can be simply transformed into a gradient descent flow using the variational method. For the non‐smooth part, we use the soft‐thresholding method over the sparse framelet coefficients. As the combination of the fractional‐order derivative and integer‐order derivative, the variable exponent and the sparse regularisation, the proposed method can effectively remove noise of the image, protect the image boundary, and keep image texture details well. Experiments with simulated data and real data are provided to validate the effectiveness of proposed method. This method is robust to noise and is of some practical application value.
Residual dense U‐Net for abnormal exposure restoration from single images
Authors: Que Yue , Lee Hyo Jong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDigital imaging devices sometimes capture images with abnormal exposure because of the complex lighting conditions and limited dynamic range of luminance. In this work, a new residual dense U‐Net is proposed to predict the information that has been lost in saturated image areas, to enable abnormal exposure restoration from a single image. Full advantage of the multi‐level features is taken from all the convolution layers in the restoration process. Specifically, the densely connected convolutional layers are used in a contracting encoder net to extract abundant local features. The transition layer and local residual learning after each dense block is then applied to adaptively learn more effectively from prior with present local features. Further, an expanding decoder net with dense layers is used and added with skip connections to preserve low‐level information and existing details. Finally, multiple global residual learning is used to adaptively extract hierarchical features and help train the network. It is shown that such a network can be trained end‐to‐end from abnormal exposure images and outperform the prior best method on image enhancement. Experimental results show that the proposed model can greatly enhance the dynamic range of an abnormal exposure image.
Feature fusion quality assessment model for DASH video streaming
Authors: Zhang Hong , Li Fan , Yan Zhisheng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) employs the flexible rate adaptation scheme to combat with time‐varying channel conditions. In addition to compression impairment, DASH video streaming suffers from transmission impairment, such as rate switches and stalling events. Both of them severely degrade users' Quality of Experience (QoE). Herein, an assessment model is established for DASH video streaming by directly jointing multiple QoE influential factors, which quantify impairments resulting from the compression and transmission. To demonstrate the influence of video content characteristics on users' QoE, spatio‐temporal content perceptual features are employed to represent the compression impairment. When reflecting temporal characteristics, a novel motion vector padding method is proposed to quantify the influence of intra macroblock on the human visual system. The proposed model is evaluated on a newly public Waterloo SQoE‐III database, which is available for DASH video streaming. Experimental results demonstrate that the authors' model outperforms the comparative models and owns the strong generalization ability to different video contents. Moreover, the proposed model is statistically superior to the existing models.
Fast depth intra coding based on texture feature and spatio‐temporal correlation in 3D‐HEVC
Authors: Li Tiansong , Yu Li , Wang Hongkui , Chen Yamei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo alleviate the computation burden of the depth intra coding in 3D‐HEVC, a complexity reduction scheme based on texture feature and spatio‐temporal correlation is proposed. Firstly, a maximum splitting depth layer decision algorithm is proposed to reduce unnecessary splitting depth layer of the coding tree unit utilising the information of the previous encoded I frame in the same view. Secondly, a new texture complexity model is built by pixel‐based statistical method combined with edge detection. Based on the proposed model, the coding unit block is divided into the smooth block, texture or edge block. On the coding unit level, an early termination of coding unit splitting algorithm for smooth blocks is proposed to filter out unnecessary coding blocks. Thirdly, on the predicting unit level, a fast candidate mode decision algorithm considering predicting unit's types and spatial correlation is proposed to decide the candidate mode list directly. Experimental results describe that the proposed algorithm reduces 53.8% depth intra coding time on average, with 0.43% BD‐rate loss on synthesised views.
A hybrid BPSO‐SVM for feature selection and classification of ocular health
Authors: Keerthiveena B. , Esakkirajan S. , Subudhi Badri Narayan , Veerakumar T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGlaucoma and diabetic retinopathy are the most common eye diseases and the leading cause of blindness around the world. The prime objective of this study is to devise and develop an experimental computer‐aided diagnosis system to provide an efficient way for assisting the ophthalmologist in early detection of ocular diseases such as glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. The proposed technique follows three stages: Pre‐processing, feature selection and classification. Initially, the fundus image is pre‐processed to extract the green channel image, and the obtained green channel image is further enhanced using contrast limited adaptive histogram equalisation technique. Three different kinds of features: Clinical features, transform domain features and structural features are utilised to extract the relevant information from the enhanced fundus images. To avoid redundant information, an improved feature selection mechanism is used to select the optimum set of features from the extracted features. Subsequently, the selected features are used to train the support vector machine classifier for the classification of the retinal diseases with 10‐fold cross‐validation. The performance of the proposed method is assessed using eight different quantitative evaluation measures. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed work over prior works for the early detection of ocular diseases.
A novel compression approach for truck GPS trajectory data
Authors: Liu Sijing , Chen Gang , Wei Long , Li Guoqi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNowadays, the application of location‐aware devices, such as global positioning system (GPS)‐enabled mobile phones and personal digital assistants (PDAs) is increasing. Based on this, a new demand for efficiently storing trajectory data has arisen. Trajectory compression reduces the storage space and cost, the cost and time of data transmission by retaining critical trajectory points and effectively eliminating redundant data. Herein, a novel trajectory compression method based on stay points (TCSP) is proposed. By using the road network data and the stay points of GPS trajectory data to compress the GPS trajectory data, this method can greatly improve the ratio and accuracy of compression. Experimental results based on real data sets show that the compression rate of this method can stably reach 8.61%, and the compression effect can be restored to the original trajectory route. Compared with the critical point algorithm and the Douglas–Peucker (DP) algorithm, the TCSP method can reach a better compression effect and compression ratio.
Improving the open cluster census
Authors: Hunt Emily L. , Reffert Sabine 
Published: December 2020

Context.The census of open clusters in the Milky Way is in a never-before seen state of flux. Recent works have reported hundreds of new open clusters thanks to the incredible astrometric quality of theGaiasatellite, but other works have also reported that many open clusters discovered in the preGaiaera may be associations.Aims.We aim to conduct a comparison of clustering algorithms used to detect open clusters, attempting to statistically quantify their strengths and weaknesses by deriving the sensitivity, specificity, and precision of each as well as their true positive rate against a larger sample.Methods.We selected DBSCAN, HDBSCAN, and Gaussian mixture models for further study, owing to their speed and appropriateness for use withGaiadata. We developed a preprocessing pipeline forGaiadata and developed the algorithms further for the specific application to open clusters. We derived detection rates for all 1385 open clusters in the fields in our study as well as more detailed performance statistics for 100 of these open clusters.Results.DBSCAN was sensitive to 50%–62% of the true positive open clusters in our sample, with generally very good specificity and precision. HDBSCAN traded precision for a higher sensitivity of up to 82%, especially across different distances and scales of open clusters. Gaussian mixture models were slow and only sensitive to 33% of open clusters in our sample, which tended to be larger objects. Additionally, we report on 41 new open cluster candidates detected by HDBSCAN, three of which are closer than 500 pc.Conclusions.When used with additional post-processing to mitigate its false positives, we have found that HDBSCAN is the most sensitive and effective algorithm for recovering open clusters inGaiadata. Our results suggest that many more new and already reported open clusters have yet to be detected inGaiadata.
Ernährungsmedizinische Aspekte beim Kurzdarmsyndrom
Authors: Berger Stefanie , Traub Julia 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDas Kurzdarmsyndrom ist ein komplexes Krankheitsbild, welches in der Therapie einen multidisziplinären Ansatz bedarf. Nur durch eine optimale ernährungsmedizinische, medikamentöse und chirurgische Behandlung sowie durch ein grundlegendes Verständnis der pathophysiologischen Konsequenzen des veränderten Intestinaltrakts seitens der behandelnden Personen, kann eine adäquate Therapie gewährleistet werden. Insbesondere in der akuten Phase ist die Aufrechterhaltung des Ernährungszustands sowie der Flüssigkeitshomöostase eine komplexe Herausforderung. Die zu Beginn notwendige parenterale Ernährung, soll mit einer frühen enteralen und/oder oralen Ernährung ergänzt werden. Dadurch wird der Adaptationsprozess des verbleibenden Restdarms günstig beeinflusst und die Nährstoffresorption verbessert. Zudem ist ein optimales Elektrolyt- und Flüssigkeitsmanagement notwendig. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit wird die akute Phase des Kurzdarmsyndroms behandelt. Es werden ernährungsmedizinische Konsequenzen des veränderten Intestinaltrakts sowie das postoperative Therapiekonzept mit dem Fokus auf ernährungstherapeutische Interventionen beschrieben.
Lower Extremity Pain and Pitching Kinematics and Kinetics in Collegiate Softball Pitchers
Authors: Oliver Gretchen D. , Friesen Kenzie B. , Barfield Jeff W. , Giordano Kevin A. , Bordelon Nicole M. , Anz Adam W. , Goodlett Michael D. , Andrews James R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe primary aims of the study were (1) to examine kinematics and kinetics of those pitching with and without lower extremity pain in collegiate softball pitchers, and (2) to determine if there was an association between the lower extremity pain and lower extremity kinematics, trunk kinematics, and shoulder kinetics in collegiate softball pitchers. Thirty-seven NCAA Division I female collegiate softball pitchers (19.8±1.3 yrs,173.7±7.7 cm, 79.0±12.4 kg) participated. Participants were divided into two groups, those who were currently experiencing lower extremity pain and those who were not. Participants threw three rise ball pitches. Kinematic data were collected at 100 Hz using an electromagnetic tracking system. Mann-Whitney U tests revealed no significant kinematic or kinetic differences between pitchers with and without lower extremity pain. Additionally, there were no significant correlations between pain and recorded kinematic and kinetic variables. Considering there were no biomechanical differences observed between pitchers, coaches and athletic trainers should take caution with athlete assessment since athletes may not display altered biomechanics. Further examination into the duration and degree of pain is needed in an attempt to fully understand the implication of pain and pitching mechanics.
Achilles Tendon Adaptation to Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation: Morphological and Mechanical Changes
Authors: Létocart Adrien , Grosset Jean-Francois 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIt remains unclear whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation can induce sufficient tendon stress to lead to tendon adaptations. Thus, we investigated the effect of such a training program on the triceps surae muscle following the morphological and mechanical properties of the Achilles tendon. Eight men participated in a 12-week high-frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation training program of the triceps surae muscle under isometric conditions. Ultrasonography was used pre- and post-intervention to quantify cross-sectional area, free length, and total length of the Achilles tendon, as well as the myotendinous junction elongation during a maximal isometric ramp contraction under plantar flexion. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation training does not lead to changes in Achilles tendon free and total length, cross-sectional area, or maximal elongation capacity. However, a significant increase was evidenced in maximal tendon force post-training (+25.2%). Hence, Young’s Modulus and maximal stress were significantly greater after training (+12.4% and +23.4%, respectively). High-frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation training induces repeated stress sufficient to lead to adaptations of mechanical properties of the Achilles tendon. Thus, this training technique may be of particular interest as a new rehabilitation method in tendinopathy management or to counteract the effect of hypo-activity.
The Homburg Cross-Stitch Marker for Double-Running Sutures in Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Suffo Shady , Seitz Berthold , Daas Loay 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction Until now, the double-running cross-stitch according to Hoffmann used in penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) has been routinely carried out by simply using a sense of proportion. As a result, the estimation of the precisely defined entry and exit points of the sutures and, by extension, the success of the running cross-stitch suture was completely dependent on the practical experience of the surgeon. Therefore, we introduced the cross-stitch marker as a supporting instrument for PKP surgery.
Methods Description of the Homburg cross-stitch marker with an exact step-by-step guide on how the instrument is implemented while performing a PKP to mark entry and exit points for sutures including a video to demonstrate the use of this instrument.
Results The new Homburg cross-stitch marker ensures the precise localisation of the entry and exit points of the suture. This new instrument allows inexperienced surgeons in particular to feel very confident when performing the running sutures.
Conclusion Surgeons with little experience can completely avoid using their still imprecise sense of proportion and significantly shorten the learning curve for this procedure.
Tabakentwöhnung mit E-Zigarette?
Authors: Pankow W. , Andreas S. , Rupp A. , Pfeifer M. 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin (DGP) wendet sich gegen die E-Zigarette als Mittel zur harm-reduction wegen potenzieller Gesundheitsgefahren und Gefährdungen Jugendlicher. Das Aerosol von E-Zigaretten enthält toxische Inhaltsstoffe, die nachweislich schädigend auf die Lunge, das Herz-Kreislauf-System und Immunsystem wirken und potenziell karzinogen sind. Untersuchungen zu E-Zigaretten als Mittel in der Tabakentwöhnung sind wenig überzeugend, um E-Zigaretten gegenüber den langjährig erprobten und etablierten Nikotinersatzpräparaten (NRT) oder anderen Medikamenten, die das Rauchverlangen reduzieren, zu bevorzugen.
Ancestral genetic variation in phenotypic plasticity underlies rapid evolutionary changes in resurrected populations of waterfleas
Authors: Landy J. Alex , Oschmann Alixander , Munch Stephan B. , Walsh Matthew R. 
Published: December 2020

Significance
It has long been hypothesized that environmentally-induced shifts in phenotype (i.e., “phenotypic plasticity”) are central to adaptation and population persistence. This study tracked evolutionary changes over short time periods by resurrecting populations of waterfleas from lakes in Wisconsin following the invasion of a novel predator. The resurrection approach revealed extensive genetic variation in plasticity in ancestral waterfleas. Such variation provided the opportunity for predator-mediated selection to then drive rapid genetic changes in life history and behavioral traits. Surprisingly, shifts in trait values proceeded in the absence of changes in trait plasticity or the erosion of genetic variation in plasticity. Such results illustrate that ancestral variation in phenotypic plasticity is an important requirement for evolutionary responses to natural selection.
The porphyrin ring rather than the metal ion dictates long-range electron transport across proteins suggesting coherence-assisted mechanism
Authors: Agam Yuval , Nandi Ramesh , Kaushansky Alexander , Peskin Uri , Amdursky Nadav 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Electron transfer (ET) across proteins is fundamental in many biological processes, such as photosynthesis and aerobic respiration. Recent discoveries from the bacterial world have shown that proteins can support long-range ET pathways on the order of micrometers. Here, we introduce a protein platform that allows us to explore how proteins can support long-range ET, and what are the important molecular features and ET mechanisms that enable it. We focus on the role of the metal ion within heme molecules in long-range ET and find that the molecular ring surrounding the metal ion is the ET mediator, and not the metal ion. We suggest a coherence-assisted ET mechanism as a possible explanation for our high measured ET efficiency.
Global trends in nature’s contributions to people
Authors: Brauman Kate A. , Garibaldi Lucas A. , Polasky Stephen , Aumeeruddy-Thomas Yildiz , Brancalion Pedro H. S. , DeClerck Fabrice , Jacob Ute , Mastrangelo Matias Enrique , Nkongolo Nsalambi V. , Palang Hannes , Pérez-Méndez Néstor , Shannon Lynne J. , Shrestha Uttam Babu , Strombom Evelyn , Verma Madhu 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Understanding and tracking nature’s contributions to people provides critical feedback that can improve our ability to manage earth systems effectively, equitably, and sustainably. Declines in biodiversity and ecosystem functions over the past 50 y have decreased the ability of nature to contribute to quality of life. Changes in technology and adaptation in social systems has partially offset the negative impacts of environmental change on quality of life, but downward trends have still occurred for many categories of nature’s contributions.
Direct lysosome-based autophagy of lipid droplets in hepatocytes
Authors: Schulze Ryan J. , Krueger Eugene W. , Weller Shaun G. , Johnson Katherine M. , Casey Carol A. , Schott Micah B. , McNiven Mark A. 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Lipid droplets (LDs) are specialized fat-storage organelles that can be used as a fuel source by many types of cells when nutrients are scarce. One mechanism used by hepatocytes (the functional cells of the liver) for the catabolism of these energy reserves is the lysosome-directed process of autophagy. Traditionally, autophagy necessitates the enclosure of cargo within a double-membrane autophagosome before delivery to the lysosome for degradation. Here, we use live-cell and electron microscopy to demonstrate that stable contacts between LDs and lysosomes in hepatocytes can result in the transfer of both proteins and lipids from LDs directly into the lysosome in the absence of an autophagosomal intermediate. These findings reveal a mechanism used for lipid homeostasis in the liver.