bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical parameters of close binary systems: VIII
Authors: Gazeas K , Zola S , Liakos A , Zakrzewski B , Rucinski S M , Kreiner J M , Ogloza W , Drozdz M , Koziel-Wierzbowska D , Stachowski G , Siwak M , Baran A , Kjurkchieva D , Marchev D , Erdem A , Szalankiewicz S 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
This paper presents the results of a combined spectroscopic and photometric study of 20 contact binary systems: HV Aqr, OO Aql, FI Boo, TX Cnc, OT Cnc, EE Cet, RW Com, KR Com, V401 Cyg, V345 Gem, AK Her, V502 Oph, V566 Oph, V2612 Oph, V1363 Ori, V351 Peg, V357 Peg, Y Sex, V1123 Tau, and W UMa, which was conducted in the frame of the W UMa Project. Together with 51 already covered by the project and an additional 67 in the existing literature, these systems bring the total number of contact binaries with known combined spectroscopic and photometric solutions to 138. It was found that mass, radius, and luminosity of the components follow certain relations along the MS and new empirical power relations are extracted. We found that 30 per cent of the systems in the current sample show extreme values in their parameters, expressed in their mass ratio or fill-out factor. This study shows that, among the contact binary systems studied, some have an extremely low mass ratio (q &lt; 0.1) or an ultrashort orbital period (Porb &lt; 0.25 d), which are expected to show evidence of mass transfer progress. The evolutionary status of these components is discussed with the aid of correlation diagrams and their physical and orbital parameters compared to those in the entire sample of known contact binaries. The existence of very short orbital periods confirms the very slow nature of the merging process, which seems to explain why their components still exist as MS stars in contact configurations even after several Gyr of evolution.
Using heritability of stellar chemistry to reveal the history of the Milky Way
Authors: Jackson Holly , Jofré Paula , Yaxley Keaghan , Das Payel , de Brito Silva Danielle , Foley Robert 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTSince chemical abundances are inherited between generations of stars, we use them to trace the evolutionary history of our Galaxy. We present a robust methodology for creating a phylogenetic tree, a biological tool used for centuries to study heritability. Combining our phylogeny with information on stellar ages and dynamical properties, we reconstruct the shared history of 78 stars in the solar neighbourhood. The branching pattern in our tree supports a scenario in which the thick disc is an ancestral population of the thin disc. The transition from thick to thin disc shows an anomaly, which we attribute to a star formation burst. Our tree shows a further signature of the variability in stars similar to the Sun, perhaps linked to a minor star formation enhancement creating our Solar system. In this paper, we demonstrate the immense potential of a phylogenetic perspective and interdisciplinary collaboration, where with borrowed techniques from biology we can study key processes that have contributed to the evolution of the Milky Way.
Suprathermal ions from coronal holes at 1 au in solar cycles 23 and 24: dependence of ion abundances on solar wind speed
Authors: Zeldovich M A , Kecskeméty K , Logachev Yu I 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The relative abundances of thermal and suprathermal C, O, and Fe ions are analysed and compared in solar wind streams from near-equatorial coronal holes (CHs) during quiet periods of nearly two solar cycle minima. Ion fluxes with energies of ∼0.04–2 MeV per nucleon are studied using data from the Ultra Low Energy Isotope Spectrometer (ULEIS) instrument aboard the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) spacecraft together with thermal ions in the fast and slow (Maxwellian) solar wind using data from the Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer (SWICS) instrument aboard ACE. The analysis was carried out for quiescent periods in 2006–2012 and 2015–2017 when solar wind flows from near-equatorial CHs were detected at 1 au. Near the minimum of SC23, although they displayed large variability, the C/O and Fe/O ratios of suprathermal ions were, on average, near the corresponding relative abundances of the solar wind. During the decreasing solar activity phase of SC24, suprathermal Fe/O ratios matched those of solar wind ions from CHs. In both cycles, the thermal and suprathermal Fe/O ratios exhibited a similar character of dependence on maximum solar wind speed. Our results suggest that the sources of suprathermal ions from CHs in low-solar activity periods are accelerated solar wind thermal ions. The thermal and suprathermal Fe/O ratios were found to be higher in 2015–2017 in comparison to the ratios measured in 2006–2010. This difference can be attributed to that the second quiet period was selected at times when solar activity has not reached its minimum of SC24 yet.
Measurement of turbulence profile from defocused ring images
Authors: Tokovinin A 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
A defocused image of a bright single star in a small telescope contains rich information on the optical turbulence, i.e. the seeing. The concept of a novel turbulence monitor based on recording sequences of ring-like intrafocal images and their analysis is presented. It can be implemented using standard inexpensive telescopes and cameras. Statistics of intensity fluctuations in the rings and their radial motion allow measurement of the low-resolution turbulence profile, the total seeing, and the atmospheric time-constant. The algorithm of processing the images and extracting the turbulence parameters is developed and extensively tested by numerical simulation. Prescriptions to correct for finite exposure time and partially saturated scintillation are given. A prototype instrument with a 0.13-m aperture was tested on the sky. The RINGSS (Ring-Image Next Generation Turbulence Sensor) can be used as a portable turbulence monitor for site testing and as an upgrade of existing seeing monitors.
Testing the general theory of relativity using gravitational wave propagation from dark standard sirens
Authors: Mukherjee Suvodip , Wandelt Benjamin D , Silk Joseph 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Alternative theories of gravity predict modifications in the propagation of gravitational waves (GW) through space–time. One of the smoking-gun predictions of such theories is the change in the GW luminosity distance to GW sources as a function of redshift relative to the electromagnetic (EM) luminosity distance expected from EM probes. We propose a multimessenger test of the theory of general relativity from the propagation of GWs by combining EM and GW observations to resolve these issues from GW sources without EM counterparts (which are also referred to as dark standard sirens). By using the relation between the geometric distances accessible from baryon acoustic oscillation measurements, and luminosity distance measurements from the GW sources, we can measure any deviation from the general theory of relativity via the GW sources of unknown redshift that will be detectable by networks of GW detectors such as LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA. Using this technique, the fiducial value of the frictional term can be measured to a precision $\Xi _0=0.98^{+0.04}_{-0.23}$ after marginalizing over redshift dependence, cosmological parameters, and GW bias parameters with ∼3500 dark standard sirens of masses $30\, \rm M_\odot$ each distributed up to redshift z = 0.5. For a fixed redshift dependence, a value of $\Xi _0=0.99^{+0.02}_{-0.02}$ can be measured with a similar number of dark sirens. Application of our methodology to the far more numerous dark standard sirens detectable with next-generation GW detectors, such as LISA, Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer, will allow achievement of higher accuracy than possible from use of bright standard sirens.
High-redshift SMBHs can grow from stellar-mass seeds via chaotic accretion
Authors: Zubovas Kastytis , King Andrew 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Extremely massive black holes, with masses $M_{\rm BH} \gt 10^9 {\, \rm M_{\odot }}$, have been observed at ever higher redshifts. These results create ever tighter constraints on the formation and growth mechanisms of early black holes. Here we show that even the most extreme black hole known, Pōniuā’ena, can grow from a $10 {\, \rm M_{\odot }}$ seed black hole via Eddington-limited luminous accretion, provided that accretion proceeds almost continuously, but is composed of a large number of episodes with individually uncorrelated initial directions. This chaotic accretion scenario ensures that the growing black hole spins slowly, with the dimensionless spin parameter $a \lower.5ex\hbox{$\,\, \buildrel\lt \over \sim \,\,$}0.2$, so its radiative efficiency is also low, ϵ ≃ 0.06. If accretion is even partially aligned, with $20\!-\!40{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of accretion events happening in the same direction, the black hole spin and radiative efficiency are much higher, leading to significantly slower growth. We suggest that the chaotic accretion scenario can be completely falsified only if a $10^9 {\, \rm M_{\odot }}$ black hole is discovered at z ≥ 9.1, approximately 150 Myr before Pōniuā’ena. The space density of extreme quasars suggests that only a very small fraction, roughly one in 4 × 107, of seed black holes need to encounter favourable growth conditions to produce the observed extreme quasars. Other seed black holes grow much less efficiently, mainly due to lower duty cycles, so are much more difficult to detect.
Pulsars in supernova remnants
Authors: Malov Igor F 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
A comparative analysis of the properties of 60 pulsars located in supernova remnants (SNRs) was carried out. We found that (1) anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs) and soft gamma repeaters (SGRs) are characterized by longer periods and higher values of period derivatives, (2) the remainder of the pulsars in this sample have shorter periods compared to the bulk of radio pulsars, (3) rotation of their neutron stars is braking faster, (4) this braking seems unlikely to be solely a result of the loss of angular momentum through magnetic dipole radiation. Using the measured and the estimated braking indices of individual pulsars, we calculated their birth periods. We found that (1) AXPs/SGRs are formed with periods of order of several seconds at the time of birth, (2) the remainder of the pulsars show the wide distribution of initial periods from 13 to 1300 ms with no predominance of millisecond values. Estimates of angles β between the rotation axis and the magnetic moment of the neutron stars are obtained. We found that the distribution of these angles is very close to the uniform distribution. This suggests that pulsars are born with arbitrary values of β. We found that the radio luminosities of pulsars observed inside their SNRs are, on average, one order of magnitude less than the average for neutron stars outside their SNRs. While we note that our data set of pulsars within SNRs of 60 is rather small our findings suggest that these pulsars do not show a decrease in their radio luminosity during their evolution.
A Polycomb repressive complex is required for RNAi-mediated heterochromatin formation and dynamic distribution of nuclear bodies
Authors: Xu Jing , Zhao Xiaolu , Mao Fengbiao , Basrur Venkatesha , Ueberheide Beatrix , Chait Brian T , Allis C David , Taverna Sean D , Gao Shan , Wang Wei , Liu Yifan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPolycomb group (PcG) proteins are widely utilized for transcriptional repression in eukaryotes. Here, we characterize, in the protist Tetrahymena thermophila, the EZL1 (E(z)-like 1) complex, with components conserved in metazoan Polycomb Repressive Complexes 1 and 2 (PRC1 and PRC2). The EZL1 complex is required for histone H3 K27 and K9 methylation, heterochromatin formation, transposable element control, and programmed genome rearrangement. The EZL1 complex interacts with EMA1, a helicase required for RNA interference (RNAi). This interaction is implicated in co-transcriptional recruitment of the EZL1 complex. Binding of H3K27 and H3K9 methylation by PDD1—another PcG protein interacting with the EZL1 complex—reinforces its chromatin association. The EZL1 complex is an integral part of Polycomb bodies, which exhibit dynamic distribution in Tetrahymena development: Their dispersion is driven by chromatin association, while their coalescence by PDD1, likely via phase separation. Our results provide a molecular mechanism connecting RNAi and Polycomb repression, which coordinately regulate nuclear bodies and reorganize the genome.
Congress of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Guidelines for Deep Brain Stimulations for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Update of the 2014 Guidelines
Authors: Staudt Michael D , Pouratian Nader , Miller Jonathan P , Hamani Clement , Raviv Nataly , McKhann Guy M , Gonzalez-Martinez Jorge A , Pilitsis Julie G 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
In 2020, the Guidelines Task Force conducted another systematic review of the relevant literature on deep brain stimulation (DBS) for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) to update the original 2014 guidelines to ensure timeliness and accuracy for clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE
To conduct a systematic review of the literature and update the evidence-based guidelines on DBS for OCD.

METHODS
The Guidelines Task Force conducted another systematic review of the relevant literature, using the same search terms and strategies as used to search PubMed and Embase for relevant literature. The updated search included studies published between 1966 and December 2019. The same inclusion/exclusion criteria as the original guideline were also applied. Abstracts were reviewed and relevant full-text articles were retrieved and graded. Of 864 articles, 10 were retrieved for full-text review and analysis. Recommendations were updated according to new evidence yielded by this update.

RESULTS
Seven studies were included in the original guideline, reporting the use of bilateral DBS as more effective in improving OCD symptoms than sham treatment. An additional 10 studies were included in this update: 1 class II and 9 class III.

CONCLUSION
Based on the data published in the literature, the following recommendations can be made: (1) It is recommended that clinicians utilize bilateral subthalamic nucleus DBS over best medical management for the treatment of patients with medically refractory OCD (level I). (2) Clinicians may use bilateral nucleus accumbens or bed nucleus of stria terminalis DBS for the treatment of patients with medically refractory OCD (level II). There is insufficient evidence to make a recommendation for the identification of the most effective target.
The full guidelines can be accessed at https://www.cns.org/guidelines/browse-guidelines-detail/deep-brain-stimulation-obsessive-compulsive-disord.
Optical follow-up observation for GW event S190510g using Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam
Authors: Ohgami Takayuki , Tominaga Nozomu , Utsumi Yousuke , Niino Yuu , Tanaka Masaomi , Banerjee Smaranika , Hamasaki Ryo , Yoshida Michitoshi , Terai Tsuyoshi , Takagi Yuhei , Morokuma Tomoki , Sasada Mahito , Akitaya Hiroshi , Yasuda Naoki , Yanagisawa Kenshi , Ohsawa Ryou 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A gravitational wave event, S190510g, which was classified as a binary-neutron-star coalescence at the time of preliminary alert, was detected by LIGO/Virgo collaboration on 2019 May 10. At 1.7 hours after the issue of its preliminary alert, we started a target-of-opportunity imaging observation in the Y band to search for its optical counterpart using the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) on the Subaru Telescope. The observation covers a 118.8 deg2 sky area corresponding to $11.6\%$ confidence in the localization skymap released in the preliminary alert and $1.2\%$ in the updated skymap. We divided the observed area into two fields based on the availability of HSC reference images. For the fields with the HSC reference images, we applied an image subtraction technique; for the fields without the HSC reference images, we sought individual HSC images by matching a catalog of observed objects with the PS1 catalog. The search depth is 22.28 mag in the former method and the limit of search depth is 21.3 mag in the latter method. Subsequently, we performed visual inspection and obtained 83 candidates using the former method and 50 candidates using the latter method. Since we only have the one-day photometric data, we evaluated the probability of candidates being located inside the 3D skymap by estimating their distances with photometry of associated extended objects. We found three candidates are likely located inside the 3D skymap and concluded they could be a counterpart of S190510g, while most of the 133 candidates were likely to be supernovae because the number density of candidates was consistent with the expected number of supernova detections. By comparing our observational depth with a light-curve model of such a kilonova reproducing AT2017gfo, we show that early deep observations with the Subaru/HSC can capture the rising phase of the blue component of a kilonova at the estimated distance of S190510g (∼230 Mpc).
Arabidopsis UGT76B1 glycosylatesN-hydroxy-pipecolic acid and inactivates systemic acquired resistance in tomato
Authors: Holmes Eric C , Chen Yun-Chu , Mudgett Mary Beth , Sattely Elizabeth S 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSystemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a mechanism that plants utilize to connect a local pathogen infection to global defense responses. N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid (NHP) and a glycosylated derivative are produced during SAR, yet their individual roles in this process are currently unclear. Here, we report that Arabidopsis thaliana UGT76B1 generated glycosylated NHP (NHP-Glc) in vitro and when transiently expressed alongside Arabidopsis NHP biosynthetic genes in two Solanaceous plants. During infection, Arabidopsis ugt76b1 mutants did not accumulate NHP-Glc and accumulated less glycosylated salicylic acid (SA-Glc) than wild-type plants. The metabolic changes in ugt76b1 plants were accompanied by enhanced defense to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, suggesting that glycosylation of the SAR molecules NHP and salicylic acid by UGT76B1 plays an important role in modulating defense responses. Transient expression of Arabidopsis UGT76B1 with the Arabidopsis NHP biosynthesis genes ALD1 and FMO1 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) increased NHP-Glc production and reduced NHP accumulation in local tissue and abolished the systemic resistance seen when expressing NHP-biosynthetic genes alone. These findings reveal that the glycosylation of NHP by UGT76B1 alters defense priming in systemic tissue and provide further evidence for the role of the NHP aglycone as the active metabolite in SAR signaling.
‘It’s like I’m Having an Affair’: Cross-Force Police Collaborations as Complex Problems
Authors: L’Hoiry Xavier 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFinancial austerity has brought considerable pressure upon policing services in England and Wales in the past decade. For the British government, one mitigatory vehicle to alleviate this pressure is the expansion of police collaborative units operating across two or more police forces. To date however, such cross-force collaborations have been beset by a series of problems and progress has been inexorably slow. Drawing upon the reflections of police officers and staff involved at varying stages of cross-force collaborations, this paper explores why collaborations have so far largely failed. The paper argues that while the challenges of cross-force collaborations echo those of previous police efforts to work with external partners, these difficulties are intensified during cross-force collaborations in which partners present divergent policing agendas. As such, cross-force collaborations may be usefully understood as ‘complex problems,’ marking them out as particularly challenging and demanding new and distinct approaches to problem-solving.
Efficacy and safety of urate-lowering therapy in people with kidney impairment: a GCAN-initiated literature review
Authors: Farquhar Hamish , Vargas-Santos Ana B , Pisaniello Huai Leng , Fisher Mark , Hill Catherine , Gaffo Angelo L , Stamp Lisa K 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The aim was to evaluate the efficacy, defined as achieving target serum urate &lt;6.0 mg/dl, and safety of urate-lowering therapies (ULTs) for people with gout and chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3–5.

Methods
PubMed, The Cochrane Library and EMBASE were searched from 1 January 1959 to 31 January 2018 for studies that enrolled people with gout, who had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or creatinine clearance (CrCl) of &lt;60 ml/min and exposure to allopurinol, febuxostat, probenecid, benzbromarone, lesinurad or pegloticase. All study designs other than case reports were included, except for people on dialysis, for whom we did include case reports.

Results
There were 36 reports with an analysis of efficacy and/or safety based upon renal function: allopurinol (n = 12), febuxostat (n = 10), probenecid (n = 3), benzbromarone (n = 5), lesinurad (n = 5) and pegloticase (n = 1). There were 108 reports that involved people with gout and renal impairment but did not contain any analysis on efficacy and/or safety based upon renal function: allopurinol (n = 84), febuxostat (n = 14), benzbromarone (n = 1), lesinurad (n = 3) and pegloticase (n = 6). Most studies excluded people with more severe degrees of renal impairment (eGFR or CrCl of &lt;30 ml/min). For allopurinol, in particular, there was significant variability in the dose of drug used and the efficacy in terms of urate lowering, across all levels of renal impairment.

Conclusion
There is a lack of evidence regarding the efficacy and/or safety of currently used ULTs according to different levels of renal function. Future studies should include patients with CKD and should report study outcomes stratified by renal function.
Lichtenstein inguinal hernia repairs with porcine small intestine submucosa: a 5- year follow-up. a prospective randomized controlled study
Authors: Li Baoshan , Zhang Xin , Man Yi , Xie Jiadong , Hu Wei , Huang Huang , Wang Yinlong , Ma Hongguang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Porcine small intestine submucosa (SIS) biologic patch has been used in inguinal hernia repair. However, there are little data available to assess the long-term effect after repair. This study aimed to explore the long-term effect of SIS patch in open inguinal hernia repair. Sevent-six patients with unilateral inguinal hernia were treated with Lichtenstein tension-free hernia repair using SIS patch (Beijing Datsing Bio-Tech Co., Ltd.) and Surgisis patch (COOK, USA) in Tianjin Union Medical Center and China-Japan Friendship Hospital. In the trial, the long-term efficacy of the treatment group and the control group were compared. A total of 66 patients in both groups received long-term follow-up (&gt; 5 years) after surgery, with a follow-up rate of 86.8%. During the follow-up period, there was one case of recurrence, one case of chronic pain in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference (P &gt; 0.05) in terms of recurrence, chronic pain, foreign body sensation and infection between the two groups of patients. After long-term observations, it has been found that the porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) biological patch is safe and effective for inguinal hernia Lichtenstein repair, and has a low recurrence rate and complication rate.