bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Efficiency and Productivity of Zakat Institutions in Indonesia using Data Envelopment Analysis and the Malmquist Productivity Index
Authors: Rustyani Selvia , Rosyidi Suherman 
Published: June 2020

This study aims to measure the level of efficiency and productivity of zakat institutions in Indonesia.Quantitative research using the methods of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI). There are six Amil Zakat (LAZ) institutions in Indonesia, namely Yayasan Dana SosialAl-Falah (YDSF), Al-Azhar Peduli Ummat, Aksi Cepat Tanggap (ACT), Yayasan Rumah Yatim Arrohman Indonesia,Pos Kemanusiaan Peduli Ummat (PKPU), and Rumah Zakat Indonesia, with 2014–2016 annual data as the number of DMUs (decision making units). This study uses an intermediation approach in determining the variables.The input variables of this research are Collected Funds (X1), Total Costs (X2), and Amil Acceptance (X3), while the Output variables are Funds Distributed (Y1) and Total Assets (Y2).There were two LAZs that experienced inefficiencies in 2014 and 2015, namely LAZ YDSF and ACT. Meanwhile, in 2016, all LAZs achieved optimal levels of efficiency. The results of the MPI analysis show that in the first year two LAZs experienced a decline in productivity, namely LAZ Al-Azhar and PKPU. The other four LAZs sawan increase in productivity, namely LAZ YDSF, ACT, Rumah Yatim, and Rumah Zakat. In the second year, three LAZsexperienced a rise in productivity, namely LAZ Al-Azhar, PKPU, and Rumah Zakat, while the other three LAZs experienced a decrease in productivity, namely LAZ YDSF, ACT, and Rumah Yatim.
Effective Opacity of the Intergalactic Medium from Galaxy Spectra Analysis
Authors: Monzon Jose S. , Prochaska J. Xavier , Lee Khee-Gan , Chisholm John 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We measure the effective opacity (

) of the intergalactic medium from the composite spectra of 281 Lyman-break galaxies in the redshift range 2 ≲ z ≲ 3. Our spectra are taken from the COSMOS Lyα Mapping And Tomographic Observations survey derived from the Low Resolution Imaging Spectrometer on the W.M. Keck I telescope. We generate composite spectra in two redshift intervals and fit them with spectral energy distribution (SED) models composed of simple stellar populations. Extrapolating these SED models into the Lyα forest, we measure the effective Lyα opacity (

) in the 2.02 ≤ z ≤ 2.44 range. At z = 2.22, we estimate

from a power-law fit to the data. These measurements are consistent with estimates from quasar analyses at z < 2.5 indicating that the systematic errors associated with normalizing quasar continua are not substantial. We provide a Gaussian processes model of our results and previous

measurements that describes the steep redshift evolution in

from z = 1.5–4.
Eclipsing Binaries in the Open Cluster Ruprecht 147. III. The Triple System EPIC 219552514 at the Main-sequence Turnoff
Authors: Torres Guillermo , Vanderburg Andrew , Curtis Jason L. , Kraus Adam L. , Rizzuto Aaron C. , Ireland Michael J. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Spectroscopic observations are reported for the 2.75 day, double-lined, detached eclipsing binary EPIC 219552514 located at the turnoff of the old nearby open cluster Ruprecht 147. A joint analysis of our radial-velocity measurements and the K2 light curve leads to masses of

and

for the primary and secondary, along with radii of

and

, respectively. The effective temperatures are 6180 ± 100 K for the F7 primary and 4010 ± 170 K for the late K secondary. The orbit is circular, and the stars’ rotation appears to be synchronized with the orbital motion. This is the third eclipsing system analyzed in the same cluster, following our earlier studies of EPIC 219394517 and EPIC 219568666. By comparison with stellar evolution models from the PARSEC series, we infer an age of

Gyr that is consistent with the estimates for the other two systems. EPIC 219552514 is a hierarchical triple system, with the period of the slightly eccentric outer orbit being 463 days. The unseen tertiary is either a low-mass M dwarf or a white dwarf.
La chair de l’asile. Le quotidien de la folie, entre violences ordinaires et ambitions disciplinaires (Madagascar, 1941)
Authors: Gallien Raphaël 
Published: June 2020

Madagascar, 1941. Au sein du seul asile d’aliénés de l’île, on accuse le directeur et le surveillant général de violence sexuelle à l’encontre d’une dizaine de femmes malgaches de l’établissement. Face aux accusations grandissantes, l’administration coloniale n’a d’autre choix que de diligenter une enquête. Plus que les actes en eux-mêmes, c’est l’entrée de ces hommes dans l’espace réservé aux femmes « indigènes » qui scandalise, faisant vaciller cloisonnement asilaire et honneur colonial. Cette enquête, par la manière dont elle fut menée, révèle sous un angle inédit l’ordinaire de l’ambition asilaire.
Contracted Intimacies: Psychiatric Nursing Conspiracies in the Gold Coast
Authors: Quarshie Nana Osei 
Published: June 2020

Cet article porte sur les « intimités contractées » dans l’asile d’Accra au cours des années 1930, à savoir les arrangements clandestins effectués entre les infirmières, ou entre celles-ci et leurs patients, pouvant prendre la forme de négociations, mais aussi de violations intimes. Les traces de ces « intimités contractées » apparaissent dans quelques documents d’archives qui documentent le quotidien des soins infirmiers psychiatriques dans le Ghana colonial. La prise en compte de ces arrangements, que la recherche a négligés, amène à réévaluer un postulat historiographique établi de longue date sur la nature des « soins de garde » dans les asiles coloniaux.
Des démons et des fous à Madagascar : cacher, exorciser, montrer
Authors: Legrip-Randriambelo Olivia 
Published: June 2020

Cet article interroge les représentations de la folie dans le paysage religieux et thérapeutique malgache et la manière dont elle est prise en charge par le mouvement de Réveil luthérien ( fifohazana ). La folie à Madagascar revêt plusieurs terminologies, plusieurs lectures (religieuse, sorcellaire ou psychiatrique), et mobilise des savoirs et des croyances multiples qui seront analysés dans une perspective anthropologique. La folie se traite en famille et se donne à voir de la maison à l’hôpital, des espaces rituels des devins-guérisseurs aux centres d’accueil ( toby ) protestants, où les « fous » sont exorcisés.
Vivre avec la folie dans le Sénégal périurbain mondialisé : care , contraintes économiques et reconfigurations des solidarités
Authors: Diagne Papa Mamadou , Lovell Anne M. 
Published: June 2020

Dans le Sénégal péri-urbain, les configurations du care informel se nouant autour du trouble mental chronique n’échappent pas au poids des crises économiques globales et de leurs effets sur la protection sociale et le soin en santé mentale. L’analyse fine du quotidien révèle le travail émotionnel, physique et psychique du care qu’entraîne la réponse aux besoins et à l’accompagnement thérapeutique du malade. Si la précarisation croissante réduit les capacités des familles à fournir ce care sur le long terme, les formes de relations propres à l’environnement péri-urbain permettent l’émergence d’un phénomène nouveau : la figure du « non-apparenté » venant compléter, voire suppléer, le care porté par la famille.
8. Être collègues et concurrents : l’interdépendance des professionnels indépendants
Authors: Hénaut Léonie , Riffaut Hadrien 
Published: June 2020

Les professionnels indépendants qui interviennent dans un même domaine de spécialité sont, par définition, en concurrence les uns avec les autres : ils cherchent à conquérir les mêmes clients et à remporter les mêmes appels d’offres. Or, ils ont aussi besoin de coopérer pour réaliser des opérations d’envergure, échangent des informations, s’entraident, développent des amitiés fortes voire se mobilisent collectivement. À partir du cas des professionnels de la conservation-restauration, plus communément appelés restaurateurs et restauratrices d’œuvres d’art, l’article rend compte de la forte interdépendance qui lie de nombreux professionnels indépendants. Gérer les contraintes et les tensions afférentes à ces relations de « collègues-concurrents » fait entièrement partie de leur activité.
Prospective des territoires ou cartographie du pouvoir ? Une comparaison de cartes prospectives du développement territorial en France et au Royaume-Uni
Authors: Le Berre Sylvain 
Published: June 2020

L’anticipation stratégique, et la technique de la prospective territoriale en particulier, connaissent aujourd’hui un intérêt croissant de la part des acteurs de l’action publique. Les rapports d’anticipation territoriale font un usage important de cartes pour spatialiser les scénarios prospectifs et rendre visible les projections territoriales. Ces cartes tiennent un rôle clef dans le discours prospectif de ces institutions publiques. Comment y est construit et représenté le futur territorial ? Et que cela nous dit-il du rapport politique de ces institutions à l’avenir ? Alors que la mise en récit de l’avenir dans la prospective insiste sur les notions de long-terme, de gouvernance en réseau et d’inter-territorialité, la mise en carte de l’avenir représente davantage le périmètre de gestion et le présent de l’institution commanditaire. Il ressort ainsi que la prospective territoriale consiste moins en la projection d’un territoire des futurs possibles qu’en la projection du territoire du pouvoir.
Management and Visual Outcomes of Acute Bacterial Endophthalmitis Following Intravitreal Injection of Contaminated Bevacizumab in a Single Day
Authors: Xu Kunyong , Mousa Raed , Loewenstein Anat , Barak Adiel , Chin Eric K. , Almeida David R.P. 
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Bevacizumab requires compounding for off-label intravitreal injection, thus creating a risk of possible contamination during preparation.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
This retrospective, consecutive case series from a single site included patients who developed culture-proven acute endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection with contaminated bevacizumab. All patients suspected of endophthalmitis had vitreous biopsy and microbial cultures prior to initiation of treatment and were managed with immediate tap and injection of antibiotics followed early by pars plana vitrectomy. Main outcome measures included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 3-month follow-up after treatment.

RESULTS:

Twenty-four patients developed acute bacterial endophthalmitis following intravitreal injection of contaminated bevacizumab single-dose syringes in a single day. Twenty-three cases (95.8%) grew
Streptococcus
species and one (4.2%) grew
Enterococcus
species. Six cases (25.0%) had optic nerve atrophy, three (12.5%) developed retinal detachment, one (4.2%) had vitreous hemorrhage, and one (4.2%) had band keratopathy. At 3-month follow-up, compared to BCVA at the time of initial presentation, 11 patients (45.8%) had improved vision, eight (33.3%) had unchanged BCVA, and five (20.8%) had worse BCVA. However, when compared to BCVA prior to endophthalmitis (baseline), 22 cases (91.7%) had significantly worse BCVA at 3-month follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS:
Contamination of off-label bevacizumab poses devastating risk of endophthalmitis following intravitreal injection. Vigilance is needed to ensure all possible safeguards are in place to prevent contamination.

[

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2020;51:346–352.

]
La vie intime des objets culturels
Authors: Schnapp Jeffrey 
Published: June 2020

L’auteur envisage la transmission du patrimoine et de l’histoire à travers les processus de numérisation des archives et des objets culturels. Il examine de manière critique la construction des notices et plus largement de la documentation associée à la numérisation de ces collections. Il considère la division entre big et small data au sein des données en sciences humaines, ainsi que les représentations de l’histoire qui en sont issues. Il conclut à trois enjeux de la numérisation : elle réduit la complexité d’un objet culturel ; elle crée des modes d’appropriation et de transformation pour les publics ; elle est à penser dans une approche multimédia englobante.
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Modulates Actin and Microtubule Cytoskeleton at the Immunological Synapse to Tune CTL Functions
Authors: Juzans Marie , Cuche Céline , Rose Thierry , Mastrogiovanni Marta , Bochet Pascal , Di Bartolo Vincenzo , Alcover Andrés 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) is a cell polarity regulator and a tumor suppressor associated with familial adenomatous polyposis and colorectal cancer. Apc involvement in T lymphocyte functions and antitumor immunity remains poorly understood. Investigating Apc-depleted human CD8 T cells and CD8 T cells from ApcMin/+ mutant mice, we found that Apc regulates actin and microtubule cytoskeleton remodeling at the immunological synapse, controlling synapse morphology and stability and lytic granule dynamics, including targeting and fusion at the synapse. Ultimately, Apc tunes cytotoxic T cell activity, leading to tumor cell killing. Furthermore, Apc modulates early TCR signaling and nuclear translocation of the NFAT transcription factor with mild consequences on the expression of some differentiation markers. In contrast, no differences in the production of effector cytokines were observed. These results, together with our previous findings on Apc function in regulatory T cells, indicate that Apc mutations may cause a dual damage, first unbalancing epithelial cell differentiation and growth driving epithelial neoplasms and, second, impairing T cell–mediated antitumor immunity at several levels.
Interplay between RAGE and TLR4 Regulates HMGB1-Induced Inflammation by Promoting Cell Surface Expression of RAGE and TLR4
Authors: Zhong Hanhui , Li Xiaolian , Zhou Shuangnan , Jiang Ping , Liu Xiaolei , Ouyang Mingwen , Nie Ying , Chen Xinying , Zhang Liangqing , Liu Youtan , Tao Tao , Tang Jing 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and TLR4 play an important role in the inflammatory response against High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), a late proinflammatory cytokine and a damage-associated molecular pattern. As cell surface receptors, both RAGE and TLR4 are constantly trafficking between the cytoplasm and plasma membrane. However, whether TLR4 is related to the intracellular transport of RAGE in HMGB1-induced inflammation remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that HMGB1 not only increased RAGE expression in both the cytoplasm and plasma membrane but also upregulated the expression of TLR4 in the plasma membrane. Knocking out of RAGE led to decreased MAPK activation, TLR4 cellular membrane expression, and corresponding inflammatory cytokine generation. Meanwhile, inhibiting MAPK activation also decreased TLR4 surface expression. These results indicated that HMGB1 may bind to cell surface RAGE receptors on the cell surface, leading to MAPK activation, thus promoting TLR4 translocation on the cell surface, but does not regulate its transcription and translation. In contrast, TLR4 can increase the transcription and translation of RAGE, which translocates to the cell surface and is able to bind to more HMGB1. The cell surface receptors TLR4 and RAGE bind to HMGB1, leading to the transcription and secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Finally, we also observed these results in the mice pseudofracture model, which is closely related to HMGB1-induced inflammatory response. All these results demonstrated that the interplay between RAGE and TLR4 are critical for HMGB1-induced inflammatory response.
Four-Week Ankle-Rehabilitation Programs in Adolescent Athletes With Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Cain M. Spencer , Ban Rebecca J. , Chen Yu-Ping , Geil Mark D. , Goerger Benjamin M. , Linens Shelley W. 
Published: June 2020

Context
Researchers have shown that rehabilitation programs incorporating resistance-band and balance-board exercises are effective for improving clinical measures of function and patient-reported outcomes in individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI). However, whether combining the 2 exercises increases improvement is unknown.

Objective
To determine the effectiveness of 3 rehabilitation programs on clinical measures of balance and self-reported function in adolescent patients with CAI.

Design
Randomized controlled clinical trial (Trail Registration Number: ClinicalTrails.gov: NCT03447652).

Setting
High school athletic training facilities.

Patients or Other Participants
Forty-three patients with CAI (age = 16.37 ± 1.00 years, height = 171.75 ± 12.05 cm, mass = 69.38 ± 18.36 kg) were block randomized into 4 rehabilitation groups.

Intervention(s)
Protocols were completed 3 times per week for 4 weeks. The resistance-band group performed 3 sets of 10 repetitions of ankle plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, inversion, and eversion with a resistance band. The Biomechanical Ankle Platform System group performed 5 trials of clockwise and counterclockwise rotations, changing direction every 10 seconds during each 40-second trial. The combination group completed resistance-band and Biomechanical Ankle Platform System programs during each session. The control group did not perform any exercises.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Variables were assessed before and after the intervention: time-in-balance test, foot-lift test, Star Excursion Balance Test, side-hop test, figure-8 hop test, Foot and Ankle Ability Measure, and Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool. We conducted 4 separate multivariate repeated-measures analyses of variance, followed by univariate analyses for any findings that were different.

Results
Using the time-in-balance test, foot-lift test, Star Excursion Balance Test (medial, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions), and figure-8 hop test, we detected improvement for each rehabilitation group compared with the control group (P &lt; .05). However, no intervention group was superior.

Conclusions
All 3 rehabilitation groups demonstrated improvement compared with the control group, yet the evidence was too limited to support a superior intervention. Over a 4-week period, either of the single-task interventions or the combination intervention can be used to combat the residual deficits associated with CAI in an adolescent patient population.
Utility of 1 Measurement Versus Multiple Measurements of Near Point of Convergence After Concussion
Authors: Ernst Nathan , Schatz Philip , Trbovich Alicia M. , Emami Kouros , Eagle Shawn R. , Mucha Anne , Collins Michael W. , Kontos Anthony P. 
Published: June 2020

Context
Increased near point of convergence (NPC) distance is a common finding after concussion and is associated with physical symptoms and worsened neurocognitive performance. Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening measures NPC distance across 3 trials and uses the average measurement to inform clinical care. However, whether 3 trials are necessary, are consistent, or add clinical utility is unknown.

Objective
To investigate the consistency across 3 trials of NPC and establish the classification accuracy (ie, clinical utility) of 1 or 2 trials compared with the standardized average of 3 trials.

Design
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting
Sports medicine clinic and research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants
Consecutively enrolled patients aged 10 to 22 years with diagnosed concussions (74% sport related; n = 380).

Main Outcome Measure(s)
The previously reported clinical cutoff value of ≥5 cm across 3 trials was used. Pearson correlation and intraclass correlation coefficients were used to evaluate agreement between trials and average scores. Reliable change indices (RCIs) using 95% confidence intervals were also calculated.

Results
The Pearson correlation (r = .98) and intraclass correlation (0.98) coefficients revealed excellent agreement between the first measurement and average NPC distance across 3 measurements. The RCI across all trials was 2 cm. When the first NPC measurement was ≤3 cm or ≥7 cm, agreement existed within the RCI between the first measurement and the average of 3 measurements in 99.6% of cases. When we averaged the first and second measurements, 379/380 (99.7%) participants had the same classification (ie, &lt;5 cm = normal, ≥5 cm = abnormal) as the average NPC distance across 3 measurements.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest limited utility of multiple or average NPC distance measurements when the initial NPC distance is outside of RCI clinical cutoffs (ie, ≤3 cm or ≥7 cm). Given the high consistency between the first measurement and average NPC distance across 3 trials, only 1 measurement of NPC distance is warranted unless the first measurement is between 3 and 7 cm.
Finiteness of mapping class groups: locally large strongly irreducible Heegaard splittings
Authors: Zou Yanqing , Qiu Ruifeng 
Published: June 2020

By Namazi and Johnson’s results, for any distance at least 4 Heegaard splitting, its mapping class group is finite. In contrast, Namazi showed that for a weakly reducible Heegaard splitting, its mapping class group is infinite; Long constructed an irreducible Heegaard splitting where its mapping class group contains a pseudo anosov map. Thus it is interesting to know that for a strongly irreducible but distance at most 3 Heegaard splitting, when its mapping class group is finite.
In [19], Qiu and Zou introduced the definition of a locally large distance 2 Heegaard splitting. Extending their definition into a locally large strongly irreducible Heegaard splitting, we proved that its mapping class group is finite. Moreover, for a toroidal 3-manifold which admits a locally large distance 2 Heegaard splitting in [19], we prove that its mapping class group is finite.
Trade Credit Contracts, Theories and their Applications: A Synthesis of the Literature
Authors: Dary Stanley Kojo , James Jr. Harvey S. 
Published: June 2020

The paper studies theories relating to trade credit contracts as well as their applications and limitations, via review and synthesis of the trade credit literature. Using keywords and search phrases, the literature was identified from key economics, business and financedomains. Trade credit contracts are not complex, this can be explained by factors such as shortness of credit period, frequent transactions, proximity and interaction between trading parties, and effective informal enforcement mechanisms. In contrast to the longstanding conception that trade credit is more expensive than bank credit, trade credit is often cheaper than bank credit, hence its high incidence and level of use across countries. The high use of trade credit should warrant some policy attention, particularly trade credit regulation. Theories explaining trade credit are highly interconnected; most of them have received considerable empirical support in both developed and developing countries. The interconnected nature of the trade credit theories should inform methodological approaches to their empirical testing and present an opportunity for comprehensive theory development in the field.
Keywords: Trade Credit, Trade Credit Contracts, Trade Credit Theories, Trade Credit Motives, Trade Credit Supply and Demand