bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of recurrence when cutting into intramucosal (pT1a) cancer from the cutting-plane side during gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Nakahira Hiroko , Kanesaka Takashi , Uedo Noriya , Ohmori Masayasu , Iwagami Hiroyoshi , Matsuura Noriko , Shichijo Satoki , Maekawa Akira , Yamamoto Sachiko , Takeuchi Yoji , Higashino Koji , Kitamura Masanori , Nakatsuka Shinichi , Ishihara Ryu 
Published: June 2020

Background During endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), procedural difficulty and poor visibility of the cutting plane sometimes cause the operator to cut into the lesion from the cutting-plane side, making the vertical margin positive (VM1) or unclear (VMX). In the present study, we evaluated the risk of recurrence of gastric cancer with VM1 /VMX after ESD.
Methods In total, 1723 consecutive gastric cancers treated by ESD at Osaka International Cancer Institute from July 2012 to December 2017 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Among them, 231 submucosal or more deeply invasive gastric cancers were excluded because nontechnical factors may contribute to VM1 /VMX in such lesions. To quantify the risk of cutting into cancer from the cutting-plane side during ESD, the proportion of lesions with VM1 /VMX among the pT1a gastric cancers treated by ESD was calculated. The proportion of recurrence among these cases was calculated after exclusion of lesions with positive lymphovascular invasion or a positive horizontal margin in order to eliminate the obvious risk factors for recurrence.
Results Among 1492 pT1a gastric cancers treated by ESD, 28 lesions (1.9 %; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.3 % – 2.7 %) histologically showed VM1 /VMX. No local recurrence (0.0 %; 95 %CI 0.0 % – 12.2 %) occurred among 23 cases. The median follow-up period was 41 months (range 10 – 84 months).
Conclusions No local recurrence was detected in pT1a gastric cancers after VM1 /VMX resection by ESD. Surveillance endoscopy could be adopted for such cases without additional surgery.
Long-term outcome of endoscopic resection for intramucosal esophageal squamous cell cancer: a secondary analysis of the Japan Esophageal Cohort study
Authors: Oda Ichiro , Shimizu Yuichi , Yoshio Toshiyuki , Katada Chikatoshi , Yokoyama Tetsuji , Yano Tomonori , Suzuki Haruhisa , Abiko Satoshi , Takemura Kenichi , Koike Tomoyuki , Takizawa Kohei , Hirao Motohiro , Okada Hiroyuki , Yoshii Takako , Katagiri Atsushi , Yamanouchi Takenori , Matsuo Yasumasa , Kawakubo Hirofumi , Kobayashi Nozomu , Shimoda Tadakazu , Ochiai Atsushi , Ishikawa Hideki , Yokoyama Akira , Muto Manabu 
Published: June 2020

Background Prospectively collected long-term data of patients undergoing endoscopic resection for superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are limited. The aim of this study was to determine the prospectively collected long-term outcomes of endoscopic resection for ESCC as a secondary analysis of the Japan Esophageal Cohort (JEC) study.
Methods Patients who underwent endoscopic resection of intramucosal ESCC at 16 institutions between September 2005 and May 2010 were enrolled in the JEC study. All patients underwent endoscopic examination with iodine staining at 3 and 6 months after resection, and every 6 months thereafter. We investigated clinical courses after endoscopic resection, survival rates, and cumulative incidence of metachronous ESCC.
Results 330 patients (mean age 67.0 years) with 396 lesions (mean size 20.4 mm) were included in the analysis. Lesions were diagnosed as high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia in 17.4 % and as squamous cell carcinoma in 82.6 % (limited to epithelium in 28.4 %, to lamina propria in 55.4 %, and to muscularis mucosa in 16.2 %). En bloc resection was achieved in 291 (73.5 %). The median follow-up period was 49.4 months. Local recurrences occurred in 13 patients (3.9 %) and were treated by endoscopic procedures. Lymph node metastasis occurred in two patients (0.6 %) after endoscopic resection. The 5-year overall, disease-specific, and metastasis-free survival rates were 95.1 %, 99.1 %, and 94.6 %, respectively. The 5-year cumulative incidence rate of metachronous ESCC was 25.7 %.
Conclusions Our study demonstrated that endoscopic resection is an effective treatment for intramucosal ESCC, with favorable long-term outcomes.
Expert assessment on volumetric laser endomicroscopy full scans in Barrett’s esophagus patients with or without high grade dysplasia or early cancer
Authors: Struyvenberg Maarten , Kahn Allon , Fleischer David , Swager Anne-Fre , Bouma Brett , Ganguly Eric K. , Konda Vani , Lightdale Charles J. , Pleskow Douglas , Sethi Amrita , Smith Michael , Trindade Arvind J. , Wallace Michael B. , Wang Kenneth , Wolfsen Herbert C. , Tearney G. J. , Curvers Wouter L. , Leggett Cadman L. , Bergman Jacques J. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Volumetric laser endomicroscopy (VLE) allows for near-microscopic imaging of the superficial esophageal wall and may improve detection of early neoplasia in Barrett’s esophagus (BE). Interpretation of a 6-cm long, circumferential VLE “full scan” may however be challenging for endoscopists. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of VLE experts in correctly diagnosing VLE full scans of early neoplasia and non-dysplastic BE (NDBE).
Methods 29 VLE full scan videos (15 neoplastic and 14 NDBE) were randomly evaluated by 12 VLE experts using a web-based module. Experts were blinded to the endoscopic BE images and histology. The 15 neoplastic cases contained a subtle endoscopically visible lesion, which on endoscopic resection showed high grade dysplasia or cancer. NDBE cases had no visible lesions and an absence of dysplasia in all biopsies. VLE videos were first scored as “neoplastic” or “NDBE.” If neoplastic, assessors located the area most suspicious for neoplasia. Primary outcome was the performance of VLE experts in differentiating between non-dysplastic and neoplastic full scan videos, calculated by accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Secondary outcomes included correct location of neoplasia, interobserver agreement, and level of confidence.
Results VLE experts correctly labelled 73 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 67 % – 79 %) of neoplastic VLE videos. In 54 % (range 27 % – 66 %) both neoplastic diagnosis and lesion location were correct. NDBE videos were consistent with endoscopic biopsies in 52 % (95 %CI 46 % – 57 %). Interobserver agreement was fair (kappa 0.28). High level of confidence was associated with a higher rate of correct neoplastic diagnosis (81 %) and lesion location (73 %).
Conclusions Identification of subtle neoplastic lesions in VLE full scans by experts was disappointing. Future studies should focus on improving methodologies for reviewing full scans, development of refined VLE criteria for neoplasia, and computer-aided diagnosis of VLE scans.
Attributing Patients to Pediatric Residents Using Electronic Health Record Features Augmented with Audit Logs
Authors: Mai Mark V. , Orenstein Evan W. , Manning John D. , Luberti Anthony A. , Dziorny Adam C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective Patient attribution, or the process of attributing patient-level metrics to specific providers, attempts to capture real-life provider–patient interactions (PPI). Attribution holds wide-ranging importance, particularly for outcomes in graduate medical education, but remains a challenge. We developed and validated an algorithm using EHR data to identify pediatric resident PPIs (rPPIs).
Methods We prospectively surveyed residents in three care settings to collect self-reported rPPIs. Participants were surveyed at the end of primary care clinic, emergency department (ED), and inpatient shifts, shown a patient census list, asked to mark the patients with whom they interacted, and encouraged to provide a short rationale behind the marked interaction. We extracted routine EHR data elements, including audit logs, note contribution, order placement, care team assignment, and chart closure, and applied a logistic regression classifier to the data to predict rPPIs in each care setting. We also performed a comment analysis of the resident-reported rationales in the inpatient care setting to explore perceived patient interactions in a complicated workflow.
Results We surveyed 81 residents over 111 shifts and identified 579 patient interactions. Among EHR extracted data, time-in-chart was the best predictor in all three care settings (primary care clinic: odds ratio [OR] = 19.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.19–278.56; ED: OR = 19.06, 95% CI: 9.53–41.65' inpatient: OR = 2.95, 95% CI: 2.23–3.97). Primary care clinic and ED specific models had c-statistic values > 0.98, while the inpatient-specific model had greater variability (c-statistic = 0.89). Of 366 inpatient rPPIs, residents provided rationales for 90.1%, which were focused on direct involvement in a patient's admission or transfer, or care as the front-line ordering clinician (55.6%).
Conclusion Classification models based on routinely collected EHR data predict resident-defined rPPIs across care settings. While specific to pediatric residents in this study, the approach may be generalizable to other provider populations and scenarios in which accurate patient attribution is desirable.
Insights into the Immunopathophysiology of Severe COVID-19 in Metabolic Disorders
Authors: Shekhar Skand , Copacino Caroline E. , Barrera Francisco J. , Hall Janet E. , Hannah-Shmouni Fady 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected millions of people across the world but disproportionately and severely affects persons with metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. In this brief review, we discuss the pathways of immune dysregulation that may lead to severe COVID-19 in persons with metabolic conditions.
Dynamic Wrist Radiographs in Patients with and without a Ganglion Cyst
Authors: Beuckelaers Ellen , Hollevoet Nadine 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to find out if carpal instability played a role in the etiology of ganglion cysts.
Materials and Methods Dynamic wrist radiographs of 33 patients with and without a ganglion cyst of the wrist were compared. The control group consisted of patients who had dynamic radiographs of both wrists after a traumatic event in one wrist. Measurements were performed on the contralateral uninjured side. Radiological parameters that may indicate carpal instability included: width of the scapholunate gap, scapholunate, radiolunate, and lunocapitate angles, and ulnar translocation.
Results No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups except for lunocapitate angle which was higher in wrists with ganglion cysts. However, mean lunocapitate angle was still within the normal range.
Conclusions It could be concluded that in this study we did not see a difference between scapholunate gap and radiocarpal angles with the presence or absence of a ganglion cyst.
Javanese undressed
Authors: Conners Thomas J. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter makes two claims about Javanese, one concerning its
internal dialect variation, and one concerning its place in mainland Southeast Asian
(MSEA) typology. First, Javanese exhibits extreme dialect variation, with many features
of these variants not appearing in descriptions of Javanese, which mostly concern the
Central variety. Second, the existence of these features changes the position of
Javanese in the continuum of isolating-to-synthetic languages. Relevant features from
six dialects of Javanese show that the Central variety – that of Yogyakarta and Solo –
inadequately characterises Javanese as a whole; rather, the geographically and socially
‘peripheral’ dialects more strongly tend toward isolating morphology. Consequently,
Javanese is less of an outlier in the MSEA Sprachbund than is generally acknowledged.
Historical evidence shows that the Central variety is innovative with respect to
Javanese overall.
The origins of isolating word structure in eastern Timor
Authors: Schapper Antoinette 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper addresses the issue of isolating word structure and its
origins in the Austronesian and Papuan languages of eastern Timor. McWhorter (2007) claims that both groups of languages evidence
extensive loss of grammatical complexity as a result of “interrupted transmission” due
to significant non-native acquisition. I refute McWhorter’s assertion that the eastern
Timor languages are not “normal” through a detailed exposition of their morphological
complexities. Whilst recognising that they are isolating leaning, I argue that there is
nothing “unnatural” about the grammars of these languages and that phonological changes
within the Timorese Sprachbund provide sufficient explanation of their morphological
profiles.
Species-dependent tunneling ionization of weakly bound atoms in the short-wave infrared regime
Authors: Zille D , Adolph D , Skruszewicz S , Sayler A M , Paulus G G 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We investigate the intensity- and species-dependent strong-field ionization of alkali metal atoms; sodium, potassium, rubidium and caesium; by intense, few-cycle laser pulses in the short-wave infrared (sw-IR) regime at 1800 nm. The low ionization potential, I
p, of these atoms allows us to scale the interaction and study the tunneling regime at sw-IR wavelengths using low intensities and pulse energies. Measurements of above-threshold ionization spectra in the alkali species exhibit distinct differences to rare gas spectra at 800 and 1800 nm. However, pairing the low ionization potential of these atoms with longer wavelengths results in the reemergence of some well-know features of nobel gas spectra in the visible, e.g., the plateau. Our focus lies on the comparison of high-energy rescattered electron yield among the different alkali species. The highly unfavorable plateau scaling known from rare gases at longer wavelengths is successfully circumvented by switching to low-I
p targets. In the investigated parameter range, we identify potassium as the most efficient rescatterer. In addition, this paves the way to a carrier-envelope phasemeter operating in the sw-IR/mid-wave IR regime, employing alkali metal atoms as a target.
Coupled differentiation and division of embryonic stem cells inferred from clonal snapshots
Authors: Ruske Liam J , Kursawe Jochen , Tsakiridis Anestis , Wilson Valerie , Fletcher Alexander G , Blythe Richard A , Schumacher Linus J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The deluge of single-cell data obtained by sequencing, imaging and epigenetic markers has led to an increasingly detailed description of cell state. However, it remains challenging to identify how cells transition between different states, in part because data are typically limited to snapshots in time. A prerequisite for inferring cell state transitions from such snapshots is to distinguish whether transitions are coupled to cell divisions. To address this, we present two minimal branching process models of cell division and differentiation in a well-mixed population. These models describe dynamics where differentiation and division are coupled or uncoupled. For each model, we derive analytic expressions for each subpopulation’s mean and variance and for the likelihood, allowing exact Bayesian parameter inference and model selection in the idealised case of fully observed trajectories of differentiation and division events. In the case of snapshots, we present a sample path algorithm and use this to predict optimal temporal spacing of measurements for experimental design. We then apply this methodology to an in vitro dataset assaying the clonal growth of epiblast stem cells in culture conditions promoting self-renewal or differentiation. Here, the larger number of cell states necessitates approximate Bayesian computation. For both culture conditions, our inference supports the model where cell state transitions are coupled to division. For culture conditions promoting differentiation, our analysis indicates a possible shift in dynamics, with these processes becoming more coupled over time.
Electromagnetic radiation amplification by means of a driven two-level system damped by broadband squeezed vacuum reservoir
Authors: Bogolyubov Jr N N , Soldatov A V 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
It is shown that a two-level quantum system with broken inversion symmetry possessing dipole moment operator with permanent non-equal diagonal matrix elements, driven by external semiclassical monochromatic high-frequency electromagnetic (laser) field and damped by broadband squeezed vacuum reservoir can amplify or absorb weak probe electromagnetic radiation field of much lower frequency depending on the reference phase of the squeezed field. Varying the degree of squeezing allows to alter the magnitude of the absorption or amplification rate.
De Broglie wave in vacuum, matter and nanostructures
Authors: Vysikaylo P I , Samsonenko N V , Semin M V 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Properties of de Broglie waves and their differences from any other waves, for example, electromagnetic, are discussed. Their little-known properties are given: 1) the propagation velocity is greater than the speed of light V > c ; 2) dispersion even in vacuum (waves of different frequencies propagate at different speeds, which results in the spreading of any wave packets associated with the particles); 3) the connection of the de Broglie wave with another physical wave moving with a speed v less than the speed of light, but so always v · V = c
2, and for the photons v = V = c.
According to later views of de Broglie, this second wave is not the group wave. Possible mechanisms of generating the de Broglie waves based on spherical and cylindrical hollow quantum resonators, which can be specially created in matter using specific nanostructures are considered. Perhaps their nature itself realizes them for any micro-objects, regardless of their electrical, magnetic and gravitational properties. That is, this phenomenon is universal. Applications and realizations of this idea are discussed in the part II of our article.
Soliton modeling of public key algorithm security
Authors: Myae Hein Chan , Kamalov T F 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Quantum key distribution protocols and problems of their protection were studied with the soliton model of entangled photons. There were estimated mutual influences between legitimate users and for any types of cracker attack. For example, BB84 protocol is shown to be unconditional security protocols using photon polarization between outlying channels. Secret keys share quantum state between spatially separated (removed or remote) legitimate users. A simple method of generating a dichotomy signal has also been accomplished. In fact, this method can open the way of probabilistic quantum states. We argue that quantum cryptographic systems can be partially simulated on a classical computer with entangled soliton model. The quantum entanglement is a basic tool of communication and processing of the information.
Mathematical modelling of heat transfer between two non-coaxial cylinders under the effect a constant pressure gradient
Authors: Germider O V , Popov V N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The article deals with an isothermal flow of a rarefied gas in the channel, formed by two non-coaxial cylinders. An analytic solution of the Williams equation, describing this flow, has been constructed using the kinetic approach. For the boundary condition on the channel walls, the diffusion model is used. The distribution function for various values of the ratio of radii of cylinders and Knudsen number is constructed. The dependence of the flow on the diameter of the inner cylinder and its position in the duct is investigated. The value of the heat flux through the cross-section of the channel is calculated. The analysis of the obtained results during the transition to free molecular and hydrodynamic regimes is done.
Quantum Effects of P-wave Absorption by Metallic Films
Authors: Sh Suleymanova S , Yushkanov A A , Zverev N V 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
An influence of the kinetic and quantum wave properties of the degenerate electron plasma on the P-wave absorption in the metallic films is studied numerically. One has investigated the films having the width of order of the skin depth when the frequencies of radiation are not larger than the plasma frequency. It is found that in case of ordinary electron relaxation time, the power absorptance coefficient of the quantum electron plasma differs from the absorptances of both the classical electron plasma and the classical electron gas. However in case of the large relaxation times, one observes a coincidence of the quantum and the classical absorptances when the frequencies are much smaller than the plasma frequency, and the difference of the absorptances at the frequencies of order of the plasma frequency.
Calculating the process of mixing fine-dispersed particles
Authors: Semenov E V , Slavyanskii A A , Nikitin I A , Klokonos M V 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Mixing is one of the most common processes in food processing, chemical and other industries. This process is carried out in order to accelerate the flow of reactions, to ensure the uniform distribution of solid or liquid particles in the gas or liquid. When mixing, particles of bulk material move chaotically relative to each other in the working volume of the mixing device under the influence of internal and external forces. Due to the complexity of this process, most often the calculated dependencies are based on generalizing experimental data criteria modeling results that have a limited scope of use. Under conditions of significant uncertainty in the kinetics of the processed product in the work, a mathematical description of the mixing process is carried out using the scientific information approach and the entropy method based on this approach. Using this method, the calculation of the kinetics of the process is justified and analytical dependences are proposed for calculating the mixing efficiency of fine powder. On the basis of a meaningful analysis of the data of a numerical experiment, a check is made for the adequacy of the calculation results to the physical meaning of the phenomenon under study.
A collocation method for linear ellipsoidal model kinetic equation in a circular tube
Authors: Germider O V , Popov V N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A rarefied gas flow trough a long circular tube due to pressure is studied on the basis of the Holway linear ellipsoidal model kinetic equation. The diffuse reflection model is used as the boundary condition on the channel walls. The mass flow rate is calculated as a function of the small pressure gradient. Similar results presented in the literature are compared.
Development of an experimental model of a tourist thermoelectric generator and researching ways to increase its efficiency
Authors: Shishov K A , Chen H , Shiriaev P P , Mikhailov P G , Osipkov A S , Sattar S , Belyaev V V 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The paper describes the development of an experimental model of a tourist thermoelectric generator (TTEG). TTEG is a compact portable thermoelectric device that provides direct conversion of thermal energy into electricity and is designed to boil water and charge mobile devices in camp conditions. This paper describes the model of the developed TTEG and provides an analysis of its design. The operational conditions of the TTEG are determined and the ways of optimizing its design are investigated. The main requirements for the developed TTEG model are identified in order to increase the efficiency of the device. The application of the electric load control unit with the function of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is described.