bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable, healthy cities: protocol of a mixed methods evaluation of a cluster randomized controlled trial for Aedes control in Brazil using a community mobilization approach
Authors: Zinszer Kate , Caprara Andrea , Lima Antonio , Degroote Stéphanie , Zahreddine Monica , Abreu Kellyanne , Carabali Mabel , Charland Katia , Dantas Mayana Azevedo , Wellington José , Parra Beatriz , Fournet Florence , Bonnet Emmanuel , Pérez Denis , Robert Emilie , Dagenais Christian , Benmarhnia Tarik , Andersson Neil , Ridde Valéry 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Dengue is increasing in its global presence with an estimated 4 billion people at-risk of infection in at least 128 countries. Despite the promising results of EcoHealth and community mobilization approaches to Aedes reduction, more evidence of their efficacy on reducing dengue risk is needed. The principal research question is to determine if interventions based upon community mobilization reduce the risk of dengue virus infection among children 3 to 9 years old compared to usual dengue control practice in Fortaleza, Brazil.

Methods
The present study will follow a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial (cRCT) design with randomization at the census tract level with equal allocation to the two arms. In each arm, there will be 34 clusters of 86 children between 3 to 9 years old for an expected total of 5848 children enrolled in the study, assuming a risk reduction of 29.5% based upon findings from a previous multi-site cRCT. The primary outcomes are rates of anti-dengue Immunoglobulin G (IgG) seroconversion and adult female Aedes density. The intervention is based upon a participatory health research approach, Socializing Evidence for Participatory Action (SEPA), where the research evidence is used to foster community engagement and ownership of the health issue and solution. Following allocation, intervention communities will develop and implement their own solutions that will likely include a wide variety of collective events and media approaches. Data collection activities over a period of 3 years include household visits for blood collection, household surveys, and entomological surveys; and qualitative activities including focus groups, in-depth interviews, and document analysis to evaluate the process, acceptability, fidelity, and sustainability of the intervention. Study participants will be aware of their assignment and all research staff will be blinded although the intervention assignment will likely be revealed to field staff through interaction with participants.

Discussion
The results of our study will provide evidence on community mobilization as an intervention for dengue control. We anticipate that if community mobilization is effective in Fortaleza, the results of this study will help develop evidence-based vector control programs in Brazil, and also in other countries struggling with Aedes-transmitted diseases.

Trial registration
ISRCTN66131315, registration date: 1 October 2018.
Crystallization of calcium carbonate in a large-scale push–pull heat storage test in the Upper Jurassic carbonate aquifer
Authors: Ueckert Martina , Wismeth Carina , Baumann Thomas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCrystallization of carbonates is a key process affecting the operation of geothermal facilities and aquifer heat storage systems. The crystals formed in an aquifer heat storage test in the Upper Jurassic carbonate aquifer were investigated at injection temperatures of $$65\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$65∘C to $$110\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$110∘C, with varying $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$CO2 partial pressures, and varying Mg/Ca ratios. Water samples were directly filtrated, and analyzed by SEM/EDX. Complementary autoclave experiments were run. In the autoclave experiments with tap water, aragonite crystals dominated at all temperatures (45–110$$\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$∘C). In the autoclave experiments with ultra-pure water, calcite crystals dominated at the same temperatures. In the field test, mainly calcite crystals were found up to temperatures of $$90\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$90∘C. Only at very high temperatures of $$110\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$110∘C aragonite crystallization prevailed. $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$CO2 partial pressure varied especially between injection and production stages. Mg/Ca ratio varied through all stages, and depended on the dissolution of the rock matrix. Together with the autoclave experiments, this study suggest that temperature and Mg/Ca ratio had no influence on the crystallization, and only supersaturation affected the $$\hbox {CaO}_{3}$$CaO3 polymorphs. We further assume that we produced initially injected crystals back during the following production stage. That results in the assumption that existing particles can maintain an equilibrium in the dispersion, and reduce precipitation on surfaces like pipes and heat exchangers.
EANM Dosimetry Committee series on standard operational procedures for internal dosimetry for 131I mIBG treatment of neuroendocrine tumours
Authors:   In collaboration with the EANM Dosimetry Committee, Gear Jonathan , Chiesa Carlo , Lassmann Michael , Gabiña Pablo Mínguez , Tran-Gia Johannes , Stokke Caroline , Flux Glenn 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe purpose of the EANM Dosimetry Committee Series on “Standard Operational Procedures for Dosimetry” (SOP) is to provide advice to scientists and clinicians on how to perform patient-specific absorbed dose assessments. This SOP describes image and data acquisition parameters and dosimetry calculations to determine the absorbed doses delivered to whole-body, tumour and normal organs following a therapeutic administration of131I mIBG for the treatment of neuroblastoma or adult neuroendocrine tumours. Recommendations are based on evidence in recent literature where available and on expert opinion within the community. This SOP is intended to promote standardisation of practice within the community and as such is based on the facilities and expertise that should be available to any centre able to perform specialised treatments with radiopharmaceuticals and patient-specific dosimetry. A clinical example is given to demonstrate the application of the absorbed dose calculations.
Measurement of crystalline lens tilt in high myopic eyes before cataract surgery using swept-source optical coherence tomography
Authors: Lu Qiang , He Wenwen , Qian Dongjin , Lu Yi , Zhu Xiangjia 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
To measure the crystalline lens tilt in eyes with various degrees of myopia before cataract surgery using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).

Methods
We used SS-OCT (IOLMaster 700) to scan 131 emmetropic eyes (axial length < 24.5 mm), 25 mild/moderate myopic eyes (axial length 24.5–26 mm), and 123 high myopic eyes (52, 29, and 42 eyes with axial lengths of 26–28, 28–30, and > 30 mm, respectively) as part of the routine preoperative examination before cataract surgery. SS-OCT involved B-scans along six meridians. The data were analyzed to assess the magnitude and orientation of the lens tilt and their correlation with other optical biometric parameters.

Result
The mean tilt was 3.36 ± 0.98° in emmetropic eyes, 3.07 ± 1.04° in mild/medium myopic eyes, and 2.35 ± 1.01° in high myopic eyes. Tilt correlated significantly and inversely with axial length (Pearson’s r = − 0.427, P < 0.001). The crystalline lens tilt predominantly faced the upper outer quadrant relative to the visual axis, symmetrically in both eyes, with mean angles of 24.32° and 147.36° in the right and left eyes, respectively. The variability in the lens tilt direction increased with increasing axial length (χ2 test, P < 0.001).

Conclusion
The magnitude of crystalline lens tilt decreased with increasing axial length. The direction of tilt was predominantly towards the upper outer quadrant in both eyes. The variability in the tilt orientation increased with increasing axial length.

Trial registration
NIH (clinicaltrial.gov), NCT03062085. Registered 23 February 2017.
Age of the earliest transgressive event in the Krishna-Godavari Basin, India: evidence from dinoflagellate cysts and planktonic foraminifera biostratigraphy
Authors: Mishra Ashish Kumar , Malarkodi Nallamuthu , Singh Arun Deo , Babu Dinesh , Prasad Vandana 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA combined biostratigraphic study of dinoflagellate cysts and foraminifera was carried out on Early Cretaceous subsurface well cutting sediments from well A (DNG) (2800–2746 m depth) from the Krishna-Godavari Basin, India. The last appearance datum of marker species of dinoflagellate cysts and planktonic foraminifera was considered for the construction of the biostratigraphic framework. The study shows dominance of Early Cretaceous marker dinoflagellate cystsCassiculosphaeridia magna, Cribroperidinium perforans, Hystrichodinium voigtii, Kleithriasphaeridium eoinodes, and planktonic foraminiferaHedbergella aptiana, Hedbergella mitra, Hedbergella praelippa, Hedbergella tardita, Microhedbergella miniglobularisandHedbergella mitraspecies. In addition to this, the dinoflagellate cyst data were compared with the dinoflagellate biozones of Austral and Tethyan provinces. Based on earlier micropalaeontological records from the Krishna-Godavari Basin and the present study, a latest Barremian-early Aptian age has been determined for the earliest marine transgression in the Krishna-Godavari Basin. The early marine incursion during late Barremian-earliest Aptian in the Krishna-Godavari Basin compared to Albian age in Cauvery Basin suggests the opening of east coast from north to south.
Anti-inflammatory effects of Jingshu Keli capsule and its components on human synoviocyte MH7A cells
Authors: Meng Xiangbo , Cheng Wenxiang , Zhong Shan , Zhang Peng , Qin Ling , Wang Xinluan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Jingshu Keli (JSKL), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula consisting of multiple active compounds, has been officially approved by National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) for treatment of cervical radiculopathy. It relieves pain, according to TCM theory, by activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis. The pain mainly stems from neurogenic inflammation caused by mechanical compression of the cervical nerve root. In addition, inflammation mediators also cause the development of other joint diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of JSKL and identify the biologically active herbs and compounds in vitro.

Methods
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) was used to determine the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 8 (IL-8), in the culture medium of human MH7A cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS).

Results
JSKL and three single-herb capsules, Cinnamomum cassia Presl (C.C.), Angelica Sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (A.S.) and Carthamus tinctorius L. (C.T.), significantly inhibited the secretion of TNF-α. If one of these three herbal components was removed, suppressing effect of the single-herb-deleted JSKL on TNF-α was abolished. Cinnamaldehyde (CIN) from C.C. was the most potent ingredient that inhibited the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in the culture medium of both LPS-stimulated MH7A cells and primary synovial cells.

Conclusions
JSKL was found to possess anti-inflammatory effect in vitro; C.C., A.S. and C.T. were the principal and essential herbal components responsible for such activity; CIN from C.C. is one the most potent single compound among indicator components of JSKL recorded in 2015 Chinese pharmacopoeia. This study provided scientific evidence for the clinical application of JSKL as an agent for targeted treatment of cervical radiculopathy. Furthermore, CIN has potential to be used for the treatment of some inflammation-related orthopedic diseases, such as rheumatic arthritis and osteoarthritis.
Antiproliferative effects on tumor cells of the synthesized gold nanoparticles against Hep2 liver cancer cell line
Authors: Priya M R Kamala , Iyer Priya R. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Currently, nanomaterials (NMs) research and development is at a fastest pace due to the enhanced implication in different areas of applications. The synthesis of such NMs through biosynthesis methods is gaining much importance because of low cost involved and environment-friendly approach. In this present study, the nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized using a medicinal plant, with anticancer properties so as to incorporate the therapeutic activity within the NPs, such that the NPs will have the attributes of NMs alongside the phytoactivity.

Results
The synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using Graviola, the fruit of Annona muricata (Ramaphal fruit) commonly referred as Mullu seetha fruit (Tamil), was successfully carried out. The initial confirmations of the NPs were using UV-vis spectra, which showed the characteristic peak for the NPs. HRSEM analysis gave an insight on the size and morphology of the NPs. The zeta potential was measured to check the stability of the NPs. The cytotoxicity was carried out in VERO cell line and anticancer study in Hep2 liver cancer cell line. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band showed the characteristic peak at 536 nm for the AuNPs. In SEM micrographs, the size was ranging between 20 and 30 nm, on an average of 15 nm with spherical morphology. On the various tested concentrations in VERO cell line, the nanoparticles were non-toxic to the cells. The anticancer study gave an IC50 value at 10.94 μg/ml.

Conclusions
The NPs showed anticancer activity in treated Hep2 liver cancer cell line and as well as commendable non-toxic effect on normal VERO cell line. The results pose a positive impact to expand further studies in the development of potential drug molecules to tackle the disease of interest.
Intratumoral mRNA levels predict clinical outcome in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated in a prospective clinical trial with 5-FU and oxaliplatin
Authors: Yang D. , Vallböhmer D. , Zhang W. , Iqbal S. , El-Khoueiry A. , Gordon M. , Park D. , Azuma M. , Groshen S. , Danenberg K. D. , Lenz H. 
Published: March 2020

10010 Background: 5-flurouracil (5-FU) and Oxaliplatin-based therapy is one of the most frequently used combinations in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). There are no validated and established predictive factors for clinical outcome following 5-FU/Oxaliplatin treatment. We had shown an association between intratumoral mRNA levels of TS and ERCC1 involved in 5-FU metabolism and DNA repair, respectively, and survival to 5-FU/Oxaliplatin chemotherapy in advanced CRC in a retrospective study. Now we investigated whether intratumoral mRNA levels of these two genes and others involved in 5-FU metabolism (DPD, TP, dUTPase), DNA repair (ERCC2, XRCC1), angiogenesis (COX-2, EGFR, IL-8, PLA2), and drug detoxification (GSTP-1) predict the clinical outcome of patients with CRC in a prospectively designed biomarker study. Methods: 85 patients with metastatic CRC treated with second-line 5-FU/Oxaliplatin from the prospective trial were included. mRNA levels of 12 genes were assessed from paraffin- embedded tissue samples using laser capture microdissection and quantitative Real-time PCR. Overall survival (OS) was the primary endpoint. Progression-free survival (PFS), response, and toxicity were the secondary endpoints. Results: There were 40 women and 45 men (median age 60 years; range 29–87), median survival of 9.7 ms, median PFS of 4.2 ms, CR in 1 (1%) patient, PR in 15 (18%), SD in 36 (43%) and PD in 32 (38%) patients. High intratumoral mRNA levels of PLA2, TP, GSPTP-1 and low mRNA levels of COX-2 were each significantly associated with shorter OS (P≤0.05, log-rank test). There was a trend in the association between high mRNA levels of PLA2 and shorter PFS (P=0.08). In addition, high mRNA levels of XRCC1 and IL-8 were each significantly associated with high risk of cumulative grade 3+ toxicity (P≤0.05). No significant association was found between mRNA levels and response to 5-FU/Oxaliplatin. Conclusions: This study suggests that mRNA levels of PLA2, TP, GSTP-1, COX-2, XRCC1, and IL-8 may be useful to predict the outcome of patients with metastatic CRC with second-line 5-FU/Oxaliplatin chemotherapy. These findings should be validated with future basic sciences studies and prospective clinical trials. [Table: see text]
Childhood cancer in families with and without germline BRCA1/2 mutations ascertained at a high-risk breast cancer clinic
Authors: Brooks G. A. , Stopfer J. E. , Erlichman J. , Davidson R. , Nathanson K. L. , Domchek S. M. 
Published: March 2020

10013 Background: Germline mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes (BRCA1/2) are associated with breast cancer, ovarian cancer and other malignancies. Biallelic mutations of BRCA2 are a cause of Fanconi anemia and characteristic childhood cancers. We undertook this study to evaluate the contribution of familial heterozygous BRCA1/2 mutations to childhood cancer in hereditary breast cancer families. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study to compare the prevalence of childhood cancers among 379 families with BRCA1/2 mutations and 426 families without known mutations. All families were ascertained at a high-risk breast cancer clinic. Our study and comparison cohorts included first- through fourth-degree relatives of cancer-affected mutation carriers and cancer-affected individuals with negative full sequencing for BRCA1/2 mutations. The primary endpoint was any case of childhood cancer (diagnosed <age 21) as recorded in the family history. Results were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test. Results: 20 cases of childhood cancer were observed in 379 families with BRCA1/2 mutations and 35 cases of childhood cancer were observed in 426 families with negative mutation testing (p = 0.12). Apart from two very early-onset breast cancers, the types of childhood cancers occurring in the BRCA1/2 mutation positive families were similar to those occurring in the mutation negative families and in the general population. Nine childhood cancers occurred in 240 families with BRCA1 mutations, and 11 childhood cancers occurred in 141 families with BRCA2 mutations (p=0.1). 13 of 18 BRCA1/2 mutation positive families with cases of childhood cancer (72%) and 13 of 31 families with childhood cancer cases and negative mutation testing (42%) met the Birch clinical criteria for Li-Fraumeni like syndrome (LFL); no individual has undergone testing for germline TP53 mutations. Conclusions: Heterozygous BRCA1/2 mutations do not appear to be a significant risk factor for childhood cancer in hereditary breast cancer families. This observation supports the current practice of delaying BRCA1/2 mutation testing until candidates reach adulthood. Although many families in both groups met criteria for LFL, the clinical significance of this finding is uncertain. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Characterization of a novel founder rearrangement mutation of BRCA1 in high-risk Hispanic families
Authors: Ho J. , Herzog J. , Lagos V. , Lowstuter K. , Palomares M. , Blazer K. , MacDonald D. , Feldman N. , Weitzel J. 
Published: March 2020

10015 Background: Large rearrangements are estimated to account for 5–10% of all mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. Prevalent founder rearrangement mutations have been described in European populations. We sought to identify rearrangements in the BRCA genes in a cohort of Hispanic patients. Methods: We identified 34 deleterious BRCA mutations via full sequence analysis among 110 unrelated high-risk Hispanic families enrolled in an IRB approved registry who underwent cancer risk assessment (CEBP 2005;14:1–6). DNA from 67 of 76 patients without an identifiable mutation was subjected to multiplexed quantitative differential PCR (MQDP, per B. Erickson and T. Scholl, Myriad Genetics Laboratory) for detection of large rearrangements. An apparent deletion of BRCA1 exons 9–12, indicated by a 50% loss of signal was identified by MQDP in 3 unrelated families (ASHG, 2005). Long range PCR resulted in the generation of a 2.7kb product in these samples, consistent with a deletion event of 15.1kb. This putative mutation was further characterized by cloning and sequencing the breakpoint in all 3 families. RNA splicing was evaluated by sequencing RT-PCR products from lymphoblastoid cell line RNA for each family. Results: Sequence analysis identified the breakpoint within Alu elements in introns 8 and 12, and all 3 unrelated families shared the same breakpoint. Analysis of cDNA demonstrated direct splicing of exons 8–13 predicting a frameshift mutation and premature truncation of the BRCA1 protein, thus confirming the deleterious nature of this mutation. Conclusion: We identified the same novel large deletion in three unrelated families of Mexican ancestry, suggesting potential founder effect. The frequency was 2.7% of the 110 high-risk Hispanic families screened for BRCA mutations, bringing the overall prevalence of deleterious mutations to 33.6%(37/110) in this cohort. This BRCA1 rearrangement may account for a substantial proportion of high-risk Hispanic families, and should be included in all subsequent studies of this ethnic group. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Patterns of genomic instability differentiate clinical outcomes in patients with invasive breast cancer
Authors: Ellsworth R. E. , Becker T. E. , Ellsworth D. L. , Love B. , Hooke J. A. , Shriver C. D. 
Published: March 2020

10018 Background: Despite improved survival rates for women with breast cancer mainly from improved screening, aggressive therapies may result in the over treatment of many with undesirable physical and economic costs. Identification of molecular profiles in breast tumors that differentiate patients with poor prognosis from those with favorable outcomes would allow for development of effective, individualized treatment regimens with less overall morbidity. Methods: DNA was extracted from primary breast tumors representing stage I (n=75), stage II (n=42), stage III (n=24), and stage IV (n=9) after laser microdissection to isolate pure tumor cell populations. Genomic instability was detected using 52 microsatellite markers representing 26 chromosomal regions frequently altered in breast cancer. Statistical analyses were performed using Fisher’s exact tests and Student t-tests. Results: Patients with poor prognosis (15% of sample population) were defined as those dead of disease (DOD) or alive with disease (AWD), either metastatic disease or disease recurrence; all others had no evidence of disease (NED). Overall levels of genomic instability were significantly higher in tumors from patients with poor prognosis (P<0.0005). At the chromosomal level, chromosome 17p13.3 (P<0.001), 3p13 (P<0.05), and 13q14 (P<0.05) were altered significantly more frequently in patients with poor prognosis compared to NED patients. Conclusions: Chromosomes 3p13, 13q14, and 17p13.3 harbor the fragile histadine triad (FHIT), retinoblastoma 1 (RB1), and hypermethylated in cancer 1 (HIC1) genes, respectively. Alteration of the FHIT gene may promote overall genomic instability while alterations in RB1 and HIC1 has been associated with poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. Assessment of genomic instability at these three regions may prove useful for stratifying patients by tumor aggressiveness, thus allowing more effective, customized treatment options to be developed. No significant financial relationships to disclose.