bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of rigidity of retainers on dynamic behavior of implant-supported removable partial dentures
Authors: Nogawa Toshifumi , Saito Masayasu , Murashima Naomichi , Takayama Yoshiyuki , Yokoyama Atsuro 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Implant-supported removable partial dentures (ISRPDs) are an effective treatment for partially edentulous patients. ISRPDs improve patients’ satisfaction and oral function to a greater extent than RPDs by improving denture stability and enhancing support. However, the effect of a type of direct retainer on displacement of the abutment teeth and dentures in ISRPDs remains unclear. Therefore, we made a resin mandibular model of unilateral mandibular distal-extension partial edentulism for mechanical simulation and compared the dynamic behavior of the abutment teeth and the denture base among different tooth-borne retainers with various rigidities for RPDs and ISRPDs.

Methods
A resin mandibular model for mechanical simulation that had unilateral mandibular distal-extension edentulism and was missing the first molar, second molar, first premolar, and second premolar, and a denture fabricated from the patient’s computed tomography images were used. Three types of direct retainers with different connecting rigidities were evaluated. The vertical displacement of the denture base and buccal and lingual sides and the mesial displacement of the abutment teeth were measured.

Results
Regardless of the rigidity of the direct retainers and loading positions, the displacement of the denture bases in the ISRPDs was significantly smaller than that in the RPDs (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in vertical displacement of the denture bases among direct retainers with various connecting rigidities in the ISRPDs. Conversely, horizontal displacement of the abutment teeth in both the RPDs and ISRPDs tended to be larger with the cone crown telescope, which has high rigidity, than with the cast cingulum rest and wire clasp, which have much lower rigidities.

Conclusion
Our results suggested that cast cingulum rest and wire clasps as direct retainers are appropriate ISRPDs to minimize denture movement and suppress displacement of the remaining teeth in patients with unilateral mandibular distal-extension partial edentulism.
Detection and discrimination of multiple strains of Zika virus by reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification
Authors: Aonuma Hiroka , Iizuka-Shiota Itoe , Hoshina Tokio , Tajima Shigeru , Kato Fumihiro , Hori Seiji , Saijo Masayuki , Kanuka Hirotaka 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Monitoring both invasion of Zika virus disease into free countries and circulation in endemic countries is essential to avoid a global pandemic. However, the difficulty lies in detecting Zika virus due to the large variety of mutations in its genomic sequence. To develop a rapid and simple method with high accuracy, reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) was adopted for the detection of Zika virus strains derived from several countries.

Results
Common primers for RT-LAMP were designed based on the genomic sequences of two standard Zika strains: African lineage, MR-766, and Asian lineage, PRVABC59. RT-LAMP reactions using a screened primer set, targeting the NS3 region, detected both Zika virus strains. The minimum detectable quantity was 3 × 10−2 ng of virus RNA. Measurable lag of reaction times among strains was observed. The RT-LAMP method amplified the target virus sequence from the urine and serum of a patient with a travel history in the Caribbean Islands and also provided a prediction about which lineage of Zika virus strain was present.

Conclusions
The RT-LAMP method using a well-optimized primer set demonstrated high specificity and sensitivity for the detection of Zika virus strains with a variety in genomic RNA sequences. In combination with the simplicity of LAMP reaction in isothermal conditions, the optimized primer set established in this study may facilitate rapid and accurate diagnosis of Zika fever patients with virus strain information.
A comparative study between dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone as an intrathecal adjuvant for prevention of perioperative shivering in cesarean section
Authors: Ismaiel Mohamed Abdul Mohsen Abdul Naiem , El Safty Omar Mohamed Taha , El-Agamy Ashraf El Sayed , Mohamed Omar Mohamed Zafer , Ali Mohamed Mourad Mohsen Mohamed 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
One of the most common problems in parturients receiving regional anesthesia during cesarean section is shivering. It usually interferes with the readings of the oxygen plethysmography (SpO2) and electrocardiogram (ECG). It expands the needs for oxygen and increases creation of carbon dioxide about four folds.
The aim of this work is to compare the efficacy of dexamethasone and dexmedetomidine in prevention of perioperative shivering when added to hyperbaric bupivacaine intrathecally in cesarean sections (CS) and their effect on the intraoperative hemodynamics, intensity of the block, sedation, and postoperative analgesic requirement.

Results
Study included 60 obstetric patients who fulfilled all the inclusion criteria and were randomized into 2 equal groups, each consisting of 30 patients, namely group A (dexmedetomidine group) and B (dexamethasone group).

Group A patients received 5 μg dexmedetomidine with 12.5 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% intrathecally.

Group B patients received 8 mg dexamethasone then 12.5 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% intrathecally.

The comparison included assessment of intra- and postoperative hemodynamics, duration of surgery, assessment of sensory and motor block, assessment for shivering and sedation, and assessment of adverse events.
This study showed that there were a small number of patients complaining of shivering (five patients in group A and seven patients in group B) with no statistical difference between both groups in the incidence and intensity of shivering. Time to two segment regression (minutes) was longer in group B compared to group A, and also, time to first analgesic rescue was longer in group B compared to group A. For sedation intensity, there was statistical difference between both groups as all patients in group A were sedated compared to six patients only in group B. There was no statistical difference between both groups as regards incidence of adverse effects.

Conclusion
We concluded that both drugs can be added safely to bupivacaine, and both dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone decreased the incidence and the intensity of shivering. Dexamethasone was found to prolong the duration of sensory block and delay opioid requirements post-operatively, while dexmedetomidine is more effective in sedating the patients intra- and postoperatively.
COVID-19, medical education and the impact on the future psychiatric workforce
Authors: Greig Flora 
Published: October 2020

SummarySince the start of the COVID-19 pandemic the UK's National Health Service (NHS) has been transformed to meet the acute healthcare needs of infected patients. This has significantly affected medical education, both undergraduate and postgraduate, with potential long-term implications for psychiatric recruitment. This article discusses these ramifications, and the opportunities available to mitigate them as well as to enhance the profile of psychiatry.
The importance of water and hydraulic pressure in cell dynamics
Authors: Li Yizeng , Konstantopoulos Konstantinos , Zhao Runchen , Mori Yoichiro , Sun Sean X. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
All mammalian cells live in the aqueous medium, yet for many cell biologists, water is a passive arena in which proteins are the leading players that carry out essential biological functions. Recent studies, as well as decades of previous work, have accumulated evidence to show that this is not the complete picture. Active fluxes of water and solutes of water can play essential roles during cell shape changes, cell motility and tissue function, and can generate significant mechanical forces. Moreover, the extracellular resistance to water flow, known as the hydraulic resistance, and external hydraulic pressures are important mechanical modulators of cell polarization and motility. For the cell to maintain a consistent chemical environment in the cytoplasm, there must exist an intricate molecular system that actively controls the cell water content as well as the cytoplasmic ionic content. This system is difficult to study and poorly understood, but ramifications of which may impact all aspects of cell biology from growth to metabolism to development. In this Review, we describe how mammalian cells maintain the cytoplasmic water content and how water flows across the cell surface to drive cell movement. The roles of mechanical forces and hydraulic pressure during water movement are explored.
High light alongside elevated PCO2 alleviates thermal depression of photosynthesis in a hard coral (Pocillopora acuta)
Authors: Mason Robert A. B. , Wall Christopher B. , Cunning Ross , Dove Sophie , Gates Ruth D. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
The absorbtion of human-emitted CO2 by the oceans (elevated PCO2) is projected to alter the physiological performance of coral reef organisms by perturbing seawater chemistry (i.e. ocean acidification). Simultaneously, greenhouse gas emissions are driving ocean warming and changes in irradiance (through turbidity and cloud cover), which have the potential to influence the effects of ocean acidification on coral reefs. Here, we explored whether physiological impacts of elevated PCO2 on a coral–algal symbiosis (Pocillopora acuta–Symbiodiniaceae) are mediated by light and/or temperature levels. In a 39 day experiment, elevated PCO2 (962 versus 431 µatm PCO2) had an interactive effect with midday light availability (400 versus 800 µmol photons m−2 s−1) and temperature (25 versus 29°C) on areal gross and net photosynthesis, for which a decline at 29°C was ameliorated under simultaneous high-PCO2 and high-light conditions. Light-enhanced dark respiration increased under elevated PCO2 and/or elevated temperature. Symbiont to host cell ratio and chlorophyll a per symbiont increased at elevated temperature, whilst symbiont areal density decreased. The ability of moderately strong light in the presence of elevated PCO2 to alleviate the temperature-induced decrease in photosynthesis suggests that higher substrate availability facilitates a greater ability for photochemical quenching, partially offsetting the impacts of high temperature on the photosynthetic apparatus. Future environmental changes that result in moderate increases in light levels could therefore assist the P. acuta holobiont to cope with the ‘one–two punch’ of rising temperatures in the presence of an acidifying ocean.
Alien and cryptogenic Foraminifera in the Mediterranean Sea: A revision of taxa as part of the EU 2020 Marine Strategy Framework Directive
Authors: STULPINAITE RUTA , HYAMS-KAPHZAN ORIT , LANGER MARTIN R. 
Published: October 2020

The human-mediated translocation of marine alien species beyond their natural ranges started as early as people began navigating the sea and is of growing concern to nature conservation. The Mediterranean Sea is among the most severely affected areas by biological invasions, a phenomenon that has been fostered by the opening and recent extension of the Suez Canal, the transport and release of ballast water, aquaculture and aquarium trade, ichthyochory and other active or passive dispersal mechanisms. The increase of marine invasions has stimulated considerable research, but for some important groups, in particular microorganisms, data are still limited. In this paper we have reviewed the current status of marine alien foraminifera in the Mediterranean Sea. Our survey includes a comrephensive taxonomic revision of previously recognized alien taxa, and new information obtained from the fossil record and from molecular studies. Our survey and reexamination of alien benthic foraminifera yielded a total of 43 validly recognized species and two species of cryptogenic taxa and reduces the number of previous recordings. The revised list includes both larger symbiont-bearing and smaller benthic foraminifera, including 16 hyaline-perforate, 3 agglutinated and 24 porcelaneous taxa. The vast majority of alien foraminifera recorded so far have become established in the Eastern and Central Mediterranean Sea, indicative for translocation and introduction via the Suez Canal pathway. Only one species, Amphistegina lobifera, causes significant ecological impacts and fulfills the criteria to be considered as an invasive alien. This species is a prolific carbonate producer, and displays extreme forms of ecosystem invasibility with capabilities to reduce native diversity and species richness. The proliferation and rates of recently observed range extensions, track contemporary sea surface temperature increases, provide strong support for previous species distribution models, and corroborate findings that rising water temperatures, global climate change and the extension of climate belts are major drivers fueling the latitudinal range expansion of larger symbiont-bearing and smaller epiphytic foraminifera. Intensified efforts to study alien foraminifera on a molecular level, in dated cores and in ballast water are required to trace their source of origin, to identify vectors of introduction and to verify their status as true aliens.
Financial Difficulties in Families of Hospitalized Children
Authors: Bassett Hannah K , Coller Ryan J , Beck Jimmy , Hummel Kevin , Tiedt Kristin A , Flaherty Brian , Tchou Michael J , Kapphahn Kristopher , Walker Lauren , Schroeder Alan R 
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUNDHigh costs of hospitalization may contribute to financial difficulties for some families.OBJECTIVETo examine the prevalence of financial distress and medical financial burden in families of hospitalized children and identify factors that can predict financial difficulties.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSCross‐sectional survey of parents of hospitalized children at six children's hospitals between October 2017 and November 2018.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESThe outcomes were high financial distress and medical financial burden. Multivariable logistic regression identified predictors of each outcome. The primary predictor variable was level of chronic disease (complex chronic disease, C‐CD; noncomplex chronic disease, NC‐CD; no chronic disease, no‐CD).RESULTSOf 644 invited participants, 526 (82%) were enrolled, with 125 (24%) experiencing high financial distress, and 160 (30%) reporting medical financial burden. Of those, 86 (54%) indicated their medical financial burden was caused by costs associated with their hospitalized child. Neither C‐CD nor NC‐CD were associated with high financial distress. Child‐related medical financial burden was associated with both C‐CD and NC‐CD (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 4.98; 95% CI, 2.41‐10.29; and AOR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.11‐5.93), compared to no‐CD. Although household poverty level was associated with both measures, financial difficulties occurred in all family income brackets.CONCLUSIONFinancial difficulties are common in families of hospitalized children. Low‐income families and those who have children with chronic conditions are at particular risk; however, financial difficulties affect all subsets of the pediatric population. Hospitalization may be a prime opportunity to identify and engage families at risk for financial distress and medical financial burden.
Irrigation Savings from Smart Irrigation Technologies and a Smartphone App on Turfgrass
Authors: Cardenas Bernardo , Migliaccio Kati W. , Dukes Michael D. , Hahus Ian , Kruse Jason K. 
Published: October 2020

HighlightsAll tested smart irrigation technologies regulated irrigation based on real-time soil moisture and weather conditions.Treatments based on SMS, ET, or smartphone app applied less water than the comparison treatment by 51% to 63%, 28% to 66%, and 51% to 63%, respectively.The payback period for the different technologies ranged between 0 and 12 months.Abstract. A plot study comparing a variety of irrigation scheduling technologies was conducted in Gainesville, Florida, from 2015 to 2017. Our study objectives were to: (1) compare the ability of different irrigation scheduling technologies to bypass scheduled irrigation cycles and/or decrease water application; and (2) compare water savings. Twelve irrigation scheduling treatments were investigated, with each replicated three or four times. Treatments included time-based schedules without sensor feedback (WOS), with a rain sensor, deficit irrigation with a rain sensor, and non-irrigated. Also included were three soil moisture sensor (SMS) based treatments, three weather or ET-based treatments (ET), and two smartphone app-based treatments. Significant differences in turfgrass quality among all treatments (including non-irrigated) were not observed during the testing periods, which tended to be wetter than normal. Compared to WOS, the SMS, ET, and smartphone app treatments achieved water savings of 51% to 63%, 28% to 66%, and 51% to 63%, respectively, depending on treatment specifics. Inclusion of additional practices, such as a split irrigation strategy (half in the morning and half in the evening) and seasonal deficit irrigation, were shown to be advantageous in an area where rainfall is frequent and a substantial contributor to plant water needs. The SMS treatments saved water by bypassing scheduled irrigation cycles, the ET controllers saved water mainly through lower application depths, while the app-based treatments saved water through a combination of bypassing and applying lower irrigation depths. The payback period for the evaluated scheduling technologies ranged between 0 and 12 months. Financial and practical considerations should be included when recommending or acquiring one of these irrigation scheduling technologies. Keywords: Evapotranspiration controllers, Smart irrigation controllers, Smartphone apps, Soil moisture sensors.
Design and Testing of a Punching-on-Film Precision Hole Seeder for Peanuts
Authors: Kang Jianming , Peng Qiangji , Zhang Chunyan , Zhang Ningning , Fang Huimin 
Published: October 2020

HighlightsThe designed precision seeder meets the agronomic requirements for on-film hole seeding.Influencing factors were found by studying the operating principle and key parameters.A response model was successfully built and verified by experiments.This study provides technical support for punching-on-film hole seeding technology.Abstract. To satisfy the agronomic requirements for punching-on-film precision seeding of peanuts, a precision hole seeder was designed in this study. The seeder can perform simultaneous functions of film mulching, film punching, pipe laying, precision hole seeding, and seed covering. The overall structure and operating principle of the device were analyzed, and its major components, including a seed-metering device, soil-covering roller, and drip irrigation pipes, were theoretically studied. To optimize the operating parameters and achieve favorable performance, a three-factor quadratic orthogonal test was performed to test the effects of the vacuum chamber pressure, advancing speed of the seeder, and height of the type hole boss on the seeding performance; the variance and range of the test results were analyzed accordingly. Through the field experiments, when the vacuum chamber pressure, advancing speed of the seeder, and height of the type hole boss were optimized to 7.5 kPa, 4.2 km h-1, 5.3 mm, respectively, the qualification index, re-seeding index, and miss-seeding index of the seeder were 92.7%, 3.8%, and 3.5%, respectively. Thus, the developed seeder satisfies the agronomic requirements, and the study results provide a technical reference for the punching-on-film precision seeding of peanuts. Keywords: Model, Peanut, Precision seeding of peanut, Punching-on-film hole, Seeder.
Systematic analysis of frequency dependent differential photoacoustic cross-section data for source size estimation
Authors: Kaushik Anuj , Paul Avijit , Saha Ratan K. 
Published: October 2020

A frequency dependent differential photoacoustic cross-section (DPACS) over a large frequency band (100–1000 MHz) was computed, and subsequently, morphological parameters of a photoacoustic (PA) source were quantified. The Green’s function approach was utilized for calculating the DPACS for spheroidal droplets with varying aspect ratios, Chebyshev particles with different waviness and deformation parameters, and normal red blood cells and cells affected by hereditary disorders (e.g., spherocytosis, elliptocytosis, and stomatocytosis). The theoretical framework considers that PA waves propagate through an acoustically dispersive and absorbing medium and are detected by a planar detector of finite size. The frequency dependent DPACS profile was fitted with tri-axial ellipsoid, finite cylinder, and toroid form factor models to obtain size and shape information of the PA source. The tri-axial ellipsoid form factor model was found to provide better estimates of the shape parameters compared to other models for a variety of sources. The inverse problem framework may motivate developing PA-based technology to assess single-cell morphology.
Prognostics and Health Management to Improve Resilient Manufacturing
Authors: Brundage Michael P. , Weiss Brian A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Manufacturers need to be resilient to effectively mitigate substantial disruptions to manufacturing operations so they may remain competitive. Disruptions resulting from the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) global pandemic have caused manufacturers to experience new challenges, including (1) working with reduced in-person operations, (2) retasking workers into new roles, and (3) reconfiguring their equipment and processes to yield completely new product lines. Improved monitoring, diagnostic, and prognostic technologies and methods (collectively known as prognostics and health management [PHM]) can help address these challenges and potential future disruptions.