bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Th17/Treg imbalance in COPD development: suppressors of cytokine signaling and signal transducers and activators of transcription proteins
Authors: Silva Larissa E. F. , Lourenço Juliana D. , Silva Kaique R. , Santana Fernanda Paula R. , Kohler Júlia B. , Moreira Alyne R. , Velosa Ana Paula P. , Prado Carla M. , Vieira Rodolfo P. , Aun Marcelo V. , Tibério Iolanda Fátima L. C. , Ito Juliana T. , Lopes Fernanda D. T. Q. S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTh17/Treg imbalance contributes to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) development and progression. However, intracellular signaling by suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 1 and SOCS3 and the proteins signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 and STAT5 that orchestrate these imbalances are currently poorly understood. Thus, these proteins were investigated in C57BL/6 mice after exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) for 3 and 6 months. The expression of interleukin was measured by ELISA and the density of positive cells in peribronchovascular areas was quantified by immunohistochemistry. We showed that exposure to CS in the 3rd month first induced decreases in the numbers of STAT5+ and pSTAT5+ cells and the expression levels of TGF-β and IL-10. The increases in the numbers of STAT3+ and pSTAT3+ cells and IL-17 expression occurred later (6th month). These findings corroborate the increases in the number of SOCS1+ cells in both the 3rd and 6th months, with concomitant decreases in SOCS3+ cells at the same time points. Our results demonstrated that beginning with the initiation of COPD development, there was a downregulation of the anti-inflammatory response mediated by SOCS and STAT proteins. These results highlight the importance of intracellular signaling in Th17/Treg imbalance and the identification of possible targets for future therapeutic approaches.
Difference in lifestyle and metabolic profile of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with raised alanine amino-transferases between obese and non-overweight subjects
Authors: Sharma Mithun , Kulkarni Anand , Kumar Pramod , Nori Vijay Bhaskar , Jagtap Nitin , Gupta Rajesh , Reddy Duvurr Nageshwar , Rao Padaki Nagaraja 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA significant proportion of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Asian sub-continent are non-overweight and may have different underlying risk factors, lifestyles and metabolic profiles. Seven hundred fifty patients of NAFLD with raised alanine-amino-transferase (ALT) were divided into non-overweight and obese group based on their body mass index (BMI). Detailed dietary and lifestyle history were obtained through questionnaires and a detailed assessment of metabolic profile and liver stiffness was done. Normal BMI (< 23 kg/m2) was found in 6.6% patients, of which 69.5% had raised ALT. Though the intake of dietary fat and exercise pattern were not different amongst these groups, yet the amount of aerated drinks was higher in obese subjects (12 ± 17 vs. 7 ± 7.5 p = 0.005). Serum low-density lipoprotein (111 ± 25.6 vs. 127.7 ± 32.7 p = 0.04) and insulin resistance based on HOMA-IR > 2 were significantly higher in obese group (4.1 ± 0.36 vs. 2.0 ± 0.15 p = 0.001). Insulin resistance and dyslipidemia were prevalent in 12% and 25% non-overweight patients respectively. Metabolic syndrome was more common in obese subjects. In addition, magnetic resonance elastography showed higher mean liver fat in the obese group with similar hepatic fibrosis. Non-overweight patients with NAFLD had lower insulin resistance and prevalence of dyslipidaemia at similar dietary and exercise pattern.
pH swing cycle for CO2capture electrochemically driven through proton-coupled electron transfer
Authors: Jin Shijian , Wu Min , Gordon Roy G. , Aziz Michael J. , Kwabi David G. 
Published: September 2020

This study analyzes the energetic cost of CO2 separation using a pH swing created by electrochemical redox reactions of organic molecules involving PCET in aqueous electrolyte, and compares the experimental energetic cost to other methods.
Sulforaphane prevents type 2 diabetes-induced nephropathy via AMPK-mediated activation of lipid metabolic pathways and Nrf2 antioxidative function
Authors: Li Zhuo , Guo Hua , Li Jia , Ma Tianjiao , Zhou Shanshan , Zhang Zhiguo , Miao Lining , Cai Lu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) prevents diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) by up-regulating nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) can attenuate the pathogenesis of DN by improving renal lipotoxicity along with the activation of Nrf2-mediated antioxidative signaling. Therefore, we investigated whether AMPKα2, the central subunit of AMPK in energy metabolism, is required for SFN protection against DN in T2D, and whether potential cross-talk occurs between AMPKα2 and Nrf2. AMPKα2 knockout (Ampkα2−/−) mice and wildtype (WT) mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or a normal diet (ND) to induce insulin resistance, followed by streptozotocin (STZ) injection to induce hyperglycemia, as a T2D model. Both T2D and control mice were treated with SFN or vehicle for 3 months. At the end of the 3-month treatment, all mice were maintained only on HFD or ND for an additional 3 months without SFN treatment. Mice were killed at sixth month after T2D onset. Twenty-four-hour urine albumin at third and sixth months was significantly increased as renal dysfunction, along with significant renal pathological changes and biochemical changes including renal hypertrophy, oxidative damage, inflammation, and fibrosis in WT T2D mice, which were prevented by SFN in certain contexts, but not in Ampkα2−/− T2D mice. SFN prevention of T2D-induced renal lipotoxicity was associated with AMPK-mediated activation of lipid metabolism and Nrf2-dependent antioxidative function in WT mice, but not in SFN-treated Ampkα2−/− mice. Therefore, SFN prevention of DN is AMPKα2-mediated activation of probably both lipid metabolism and Nrf2 via AMPK/AKT/glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β/Src family tyrosine kinase (Fyn) pathways.
GRK4-mediated adiponectin receptor-1 phosphorylative desensitization as a novel mechanism of reduced renal sodium excretion in hypertension
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wang Shaoxiong , Huang Hefei , Zeng Andi , Han Yu , Zeng Cindy , Zheng Shuo , Ren Hongmei , Wang Yajing , Huang Yu , Jose Pedro A. , Ma Xin-Liang , Zeng Chunyu , Chen Ken 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Hypertensive patients have impaired sodium excretion. However, the mechanisms are incompletely understood. Despite the established association between obesity/excess adiposity and hypertension, whether and how adiponectin, one of the adipokines, contributes to impaired sodium excretion in hypertension has not been previously investigated. The current study tested the hypothesis that adiponectin promotes natriuresis and diuresis in the normotensive state. However, impaired adiponectin-mediated natriuresis and diuresis are involved in pathogenesis of hypertension. We found that sodium excretion was reduced in adiponectin knockout (Adipo−/−) mice; intrarenal arterial infusion of adiponectin-induced natriuresis and diuresis in Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) rats. However, the natriuretic and diuretic effects of adiponectin were impaired in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), which were ascribed to the hyperphosphorylation of adiponectin receptor and subsequent uncoupling from Gαi. Inhibition of adiponectin receptor phosphorylation by a specific point mutation restored its coupling with Gαi and the adiponectin-mediated inhibition of Na+-K+-ATPase activity in renal proximal tubule (RPT) cells from SHRs. Finally, we identified G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 (GRK4) as a mediator of adiponectin receptor hyperphosphorylation; mice transgenic for a hyperphosphorylating variant of GRK4 replicated the abnormal adiponectin function observed in SHRs, whereas down-regulation of GRK4 by renal ultrasound-directed small interfering RNA (siRNA) restored the adiponectin-mediated sodium excretion and reduced the blood pressure in SHRs. We conclude that the stimulatory effect of adiponectin on sodium excretion is impaired in hypertension, which is ascribed to the increased renal GRK4 expression and activity. Targeting GRK4 restores impaired adiponectin-mediated sodium excretion in hypertension, thus representing a novel strategy against hypertension.
Tripole type wideband bandpass frequency selective surface for X‐band applications
Authors: Singh Chitra , Jha Kumud Ranjan , Sharma Satish Kumar 
Published: September 2020

The study presents a novel single dielectric layer wideband bandpass frequency selective surface (FSS) topology. The structure is designed using a kind of the tripole type FSS which has been analysed for its behaviour. Next, the operating bandwidth has been increased by using the meander lines in the middle of the unit‐cell. The proposed FSS structure covers the X‐band (45.03% fractional bandwidth) of the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum with a −3 dB transmission bandwidth. Its −1 dB bandwidth extends from 7.93 to 11.93 GHz. The wide operating bandwidth with a single dielectric layered structure makes it suitable for the hybrid radome applications. For the normally incident EM wave, adjacent to the lower and upper cut‐off frequencies, the structure offers better than 18 dB attenuation which increases the out of the band rejection. Finally, the proposed structure is fabricated and experimentally verified for the dual polarisation and angle stability up to 45°. Eventually, to prove the novelty in terms of the operating bandwidth and the fabrication simplicity, an exhaustive state‐of‐the‐art comparison is also presented.
Are Adequate Vitamin D Levels Helpful in Fighting COVID-19? A Look at the Evidence
Authors: Huilin Koh , Aravamudan Veeraraghavan Meyyur , Lin Jaime Hui Xian , Hoong Caroline Wei Shan , Cho Sanda 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCOVID-19 is a global pandemic with high mortality in vulnerable groups. Given the current lack of definitive treatment or vaccine that significantly reduces mortality rate, governments, researchers and healthcare providers are racing to find possible solutions to the crisis. Vitamin D and its analogues have been previously studied for their non-skeletal benefits. In particular, questions regarding their role in the modulation of immunity have re-surfaced, in view of possible epidemiological links observed between COVID-19 and vitamin D levels in selected populations. In this review, we highlight potential mechanisms and summarise the evidence for and against the potential role of vitamin D supplementation in our fight against COVID-19.
Gastric adenomas and their management in familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: Martin Isabel , Roos Victorine H. , Anele Chukwuemeka , Walton Sarah-Jane , Cuthill Victoria , Suzuki Noriko , Bastiaansen Barbara A. , Clark Susan K. , von Roon Alexander , Dekker Evelien , Latchford Andrew 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) are at increased risk of developing gastric adenomas. There is limited understanding of their clinical course and no consensus on management. We reviewed the management of gastric adenomas in patients with FAP from two centers.
Methods Patients with FAP and histologically confirmed gastric adenomas were identified between 1997 and 2018. Patient demographics, adenoma characteristics, and management/surveillance outcomes were collected.
Results Of 726 patients with FAP, 104 (14 %; 49 female) were diagnosed with gastric adenomas at a median age of 47 years (range 19 – 80). The median size of gastric adenomas was 6 mm (range 1.5 – 50); 64 (62 %) patients had adenomas located distally to the incisura. Five patients (5 %) had gastric adenomas demonstrating high-grade dysplasia (HGD) on initial diagnosis, distributed equally within the stomach. The risk of HGD was associated with adenoma size (P = 0.04). Of adenomas > 20 mm, 33 % contained HGD. Two patients had gastric cancer at initial gastric adenoma diagnosis. A total of 63 patients (61 %) underwent endoscopic therapy for gastric adenomas. Complications occurred in three patients (5 %) and two (3 %) had recurrence, all following piecemeal resection of large (30 – 50 mm) lesions. Three patients were diagnosed with gastric cancer at median follow-up of 66 months (range 66 – 115) after initial diagnosis.
Conclusions We observed gastric adenomas in 14 % of patients with FAP. Of these, 5 % contained HGD; risk of HGD correlated with adenoma size. Endoscopic resection was feasible, with few complications and low recurrence rates, but did not completely eliminate the cancer risk.
Lateral Suboccipital Approach in Semisitting Position for Resection of Vagal Schwannoma: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Lieber Stefan , Nunez Maximiliano , Tatagiba Marcos 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe present a case of a sizeable vagal schwannoma that was resected through a lateral suboccipital approach in semisitting position. An extra-axial lesion, occupying the left cerebellomedullary cistern and extending from the pontomedullary junction to the jugular foramen was incidentally discovered in a 40-year-old woman afflicted with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis during repeated magnetic resonance imaging (Fig. 1). On physical examination, a mild deviation of the uvula to the right and a diminished gag reflex were observed. The patient was referred to our department after considerable growth of the lesion was noted and a broad interdisciplinary consensus was reached to treat the lesion surgically.A gross total resection was achieved, histopathology confirmed a WHO I schwannoma with a low proliferation index. Postoperative dysphonia resolved completely within a few weeks, there was no collateral neurological deficit and especially no functional dysphagia. At 3-year follow-up, there was no indication of residual or recurrence.This 2-dimensional video demonstrates pre- and postoperative imaging, positioning and set-up of operating room, anatomical and surgical nuances of the skull base approach, and the operative technique for microdissection of the schwannoma from the critical neurovascular structures (Fig. 2).In summary, the lateral suboccipital approach in semisitting position is a powerful tool in the armamentarium for the microsurgical management of various pathologies residing in the posterior cranial fossa, especially large and vascularized schwannomas. Provided the necessary anesthesiological precautions and intraoperative procedures the semisitting position is safe and effective.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/-9o_qJGkQhg.
Endoscopic Transnasal Odontoidectomy
Authors: Falco Jeffrey J. , Solares C. Arturo , Reyes Camilo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objectives The video demonstrates the steps for an endoscopic transnasal approach for resection of the odontoid causing platybasia with basilar invasion.
Design The video reviews the clinical presentation, preoperative workup and imaging, patient positioning, technical nuances of the procedure, reconstruction, and clinical outcomes including postoperative imaging.
Setting The surgery was performed by a skull base team including otolaryngologists and neurological surgeons at a large regional tertiary care facility.
Participants A 59-year-old female with the Chiari I malformation with history of multiple revision cervical spinal surgeries presents with neck pain. Preoperative imaging showed a hypoplastic clivus and platybasia with basilar invasion.
Main Outcome Measures The main outcome measures consist of safely removing the odontoid with appropriate closure, reversal of the patient symptoms, and prevention of both operative complications and ventral compression of the brainstem.
Results The patient's neck pain improved. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications besides anterior rightward nasal septal deviation causing unilateral nasal obstruction. A septoplasty was performed to correct the septal deviation 6 months after the initial procedure.
Conclusions The endoscopic transnasal approach to the resection of odontoid is a safe and effective treatment to address basilar invasion and ventral compression of the brainstem.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/m_c3-Vn-l80.
Distinguishing Periprosthetic Crystalline Arthropathy from Infection in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bradley Alexander T. , King Connor A. , Lin Ye , Sculco Peter , Balach Tessa , Landy David C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDistinguishing periprosthetic crystalline arthropathy from periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains a diagnostic challenge as both symptom presentation and diagnostic tests overlap. Accurate differentiation is important as treatment plans vary significantly. We sought to systematically review all cases of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) periprosthetic crystalline arthropathy reported in the literature and summarize clinical, diagnostic, and operative findings in the context of guidelines for diagnosing PJI. The goal of this systematic review is to determine the amount of diagnostic overlap and to identify best practices for differentiating between these two diagnoses. MEDLINE and Google Scholar were searched to identify cases of crystalline arthropathy following TKA. Case reports were reviewed for patient characteristics, clinical symptoms, physical exam, laboratory results, and treatment outcomes. These findings were summarized across patients and dichotomized based on current thresholds for diagnosing PJI according to Musculoskeletal Infection Society criteria. Twenty-six articles were identified which included 42 cases of periprosthetic crystalline arthropathy (17 gout, 16 pseudogout, one both, and eight not specified). Of these cases, 25 presented over 1 year after their index arthroplasty and 15 had no prior history of crystalline arthropathy. Only six cases had a superimposed infection based on aspiration or intraoperative cultures. For cases without a culture-positive infection, several diagnostic tests overlap with PJI thresholds: 95% of patients had C-reactive protein greater than 1 mg/dL, 76% had an erythrocyte sedimentation rate greater than 30 mm/hour, 91% had a synovial white blood cell greater than 3,000 cells, and 76% had a synovial polymorphonuclear cells percent greater than 80%. Patients without co-infection were managed with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, colchicine, allopurinol, steroids, or a combination of these treatments and most had complete resolution of symptoms within 1 week. Commonly used markers of PJI fail to reliably distinguish periprosthetic crystalline arthropathy from infection. Though clinical judgement and consideration of the implications of delayed treatment for acute PJI remain paramount, in the setting of synovial crystals, surgeons may wish to consider this alternate etiology as the source of the patient's clinical symptoms.
Different Types of Statins and All-Cause Mortality during Anticoagulation for Venous Thromboembolism: Validation Study from RIETE Registry
Authors: Siniscalchi Carmine , Suriñach José M. , Visonà Adriana , Fernández-Reyes José L. , Gómez-Cuervo Covadonga , Verhamme Peter , Marchena Pablo J. , Farge-Bancel Dominique , Moisés Jorge , Monreal Manuel ,   and the RIETE Investigators
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction We previously reported that during the course of anticoagulation for venous thromboembolism (VTE) patients using statins were at a lower risk to die than nonusers.
Methods We used the Registro Informatizado Enfermedad TromboEmbólica (RIETE) registry to validate our previous findings in a subsequent cohort of patients and to compare the risk of death according to the use of different types of statins.
Results From January 2018 to December 2019, 19,557 patients with VTE were recruited in RIETE. Of them, 4,065 (21%) were using statins (simvastatin, 1,406; atorvastatin, 1,328; rosuvastatin, 246; and others, 1,085). During anticoagulation (192 vs.182 days, for statin and no statin users respectively), 500 patients developed a VTE recurrence, 519 suffered major bleeding, and 1,632 died (fatal pulmonary embolism [PE], 88 and fatal bleeding, 78). On multivariable analysis, statin users were at a lower risk to die (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59–0.79) than nonusers. When separately analyzing the drugs, on multivariable analysis, patients using simvastatin (HR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.52–0.80), atorvastatin (HR 0.72; 95% CI: 0.58–0.89), or other statins (HR = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.52–0.87) were at a lower risk to die than nonusers. For those using rosuvastatin, difference was not statistically significant (HR = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.50–1.19), maybe due to the sample size.
Conclusion Our data validate previous findings and confirm that VTE patients using statins at baseline are at a lower risk to die than nonusers. No statistically differences were found according to type of statins.
On congruences of Laguerre cycles and their envelopes
Authors: Pacheco R , Santos S D 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In the cyclographic model of Laguerre geometry, the isotropy projection establishes a correspondence between submanifolds in the Lorentz (n + 1)-space and oriented hypersphere congruences in the Euclidean n-space. In this paper, we investigate the relation between the Lorentzian geometry of the sphere congruences and the Euclidean geometry of the corresponding oriented envelopes. We introduce the notion and discuss the existence of marginally outer trapped submanifolds associated to an (n − 1)-dimensional Legendre submanifold of the unit tangent bundle over the Euclidean n-space. This extends the notion of Laguerre–Gauss map of an oriented surface. Two special classes of marginally outer trapped surfaces are characterized in terms of their oriented envelopes. The Lorentzian geometry of several families of spheres whose envelopes are well-known surfaces in the Euclidean three-space is investigated.
An efficient macro model for CMOS-MEMS thermal wind speed sensor
Authors: Zhang Jia-Zhen , Zhou Zai-Fa , Qin Ming , Huang Qing-An 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a thermal wind speed sensor Verilog-A model with thermal-fluid-electric hybrid characteristics. Because the structure of the thermal wind sensor and the interface circuit chip are designed separately, which cannot effectively carry out MEMS-IC (integrated circuit) co-simulation, the overall performance of the sensor and interface circuit chip is prone to large deviation. At the same time, the separation of MEMS structure and IC design process leads to long product development cycle and high cost. This paper proposes an improved simulation model by analyzing the behavior characteristics of the thermal wind speed sensor. The simulation model consists of 11 thermistors, 3 capacitors, a voltage-controlled voltage source, and a voltage-controlled current source. The Taylor series expansion of the differential equation of heat conduction is carried out, and then the thermistor and capacitor networks are established according to the corresponding relationship between the thermal parameters and the electrical parameters, including the thermal conduction unit, the convection unit and the heat capacity in the chip. The model fully considers the effects of various physical effects and parasitic effects, and is implemented using the hardware description language Verilog-A. The sensor and interface circuit can be simulated simultaneously to optimize the circuit design. It is beneficial to the integration of sensors and interface circuit, reducing the number of tape-outs, increasing the success rate, and reducing costs. The consistency between the simulation results and the experimental curves verified the correctness of the macro model. The behavior characteristics of constant power (CP) and constant temperature heating were described. In CP mode, the output voltage error is less than ± 6.5%, the chip temperature error is less than 4.0%. The presented modeling approach can be the basis for the development of complete MEMS-IC design technology library of thermal wind speed sensor, aiming at optimum designs of integrated thermal wind speed sensor.