bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Value of Inflammatory Cell Count and Its Ratio in the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Duan Wanli , Xu Boyu , Deng Qian , Tie Peng , Cheng Yongyi , Sun Yi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Inflammatory cells play an important role in the occurrence and development of cancer. In recent years, the value of inflammatory cell count and its ratio in the diagnosis of prostate cancer has been controversial.Methods: A retrospective analysis of 475 patients with transrectal prostate puncture with TPSA>4 ng/ml in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University. Univariate analysis, multivariate analysis and Receiver Operating Characteristics curve analysis were performed to analysis the factor of age, TPSA, FPSA, PV, NC, LC, PC, NLR, PLR in the diagnosis value of prostate cancer, and further analysis the value of inflammatory cell count and its ratio in different TPSA groups of prostate cancer (4 ng/ml <TPSA ≤ 10 ng/ml, 10 ng/ml ＜TPSA ≤ 20 ng/ml, TPSA ＞ 20 ng/ml). Results: The results of Univariate analysis in the overall data showed that Age, TPSA, PV, NC, PLC were influencing factors in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. The Area Under the Curve (AUC) of NC was 56.2% with a sensitivity of 72.2% and specificity of 41.5% in the cut -off point of 4.52 (p = 0.021). The PLC cut-off point of 205.5 gives 55.6% AUC with 67.2% sensitivity and 4.2% specificity. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis results showed that Age, TPSA, PV, NC were independent influencing factors for the diagnosis of prostate cancer; In different TPSA group studies, it was found that NC, NLR, and PLR were valuable for the diagnosis of prostate cancer when TPSA>20 ng/ml，at the NC cut-off point of 4.52 with 67.3% AUC, 71.2% sensitivity and 62.5% specificity(p＜0.001), at the NLR cut-off point of 3.14 with 65.4% AUC, 67.2% sensitivity and 61.1% specificity (p＜0.001), and at the PLR cut-off point of 135.8 with 62.8% AUC , 57.6% sensitivity and 66.7% specificity (p＜0.001). Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis results showed that when TPSA>20 ng/ml, the higher Age, TPSA , Low PV and NC are independent risk factors affecting the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Conclusion: NC has promising value in predicting prostate cancer, especially when TPSA>20 ng/ml. A further prospective study in validating its diagnostic value was needed.
Phylogeographic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 variations from Indian isolates
Authors: Joshipura Akshat , Balaji S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The aggressive multiplication of coronavirus in the Indian population is probably due to the faster mutation rate. At the time of commencement of this work, India was not present in the list of Top 10 worst-affected countries. However, upon completion of this manuscript, India is ranked No. 3 and during publication of this manuscript it may even elevate to the top two positions due to the pandemic. In this study, SARS-CoV-2 isolates of Indian origin were compared with the Wuhan reference sequence. Phylogenomic, proteomic, and phylogeographic analyses were performed. The genome comparisons indicated that majority of the sequence variations are associated with protein-coding regions, especially Orf1a and spike glycoproteins, while Orf7a had consistent variations, whereas Orfs 6a, 8 and 10 had negligible variations. The terminals of the genomes compared had high sequence entropy. However, the polyadenylation signal was invariant in the analysed dataset. The codon usage frequency indicated that UGU (code for cysteine) is the most frequent codon, while the least frequent was GCG (code for alanine). The amino acid frequency showed that the most abundant was leucine (12.5%), and the least was histidine (2.45%). The phylogeographical patterns were mapped for all the representative states of India, and were supplemented with few representative countries. The unique differences in the sequence of the Kerala isolate (EPI_ISL_413522) were resolved to be sequence errors rather than mutations. Based on the phylogeographic analysis, the high probability of mutations likely to be of Indian origin is attributed to the Gujarat cluster.
PENGEMBANGAN HANDOUT SISTEM EKSKRESI DENGAN INTEGRASI NILAI ISLAM PADA SISWA KELAS XI SEMESTER II MA NUDIA SEMARANG
Authors: Rohmaniah Alfiatur , Ruswan Ruswan , Ihda Bunga 
Published: October 2020

<p><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan <em>handout</em> sistem ekskresi dengan integrasi nilai Islam pada siswa kelas XI semester II MA NUDIA Semarang. Pengembangan <em>handout</em> dengan integrasi nilai Islam sebagai sumber belajar diharapkan mampumemberikan inovasi baru yang dapat dijadikan suber belajar untuk memperkaya pengetahuan siswa dan mendukung bahan ajar lainnya dan penjelasan dari pendidik serta mengembangkan ranah sikap spiritual dalam melahirkan generasi muda yang berakhlak mulia. <em>Handout</em> tersebut sebagai bahan ajar alternatif yang dapat digunakan untuk belajar secara mandiri, sehingga mampu meningkatkan pemahaman dan nilai spiritual siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Research and Development (R&amp;D) dengan model pengembangan versi ADDIE dan mengadopsi metodologi yang dikembangkan oleh Nada Aldoobie. <em>Handout</em> sistem ekskresi dikembangkan dengan <em>Microsoft Word 2013</em> dan<em> Corel draw X7</em> <em>Graphic Suite</em>. Hasil penilaian kelayakan para ahli menunjukkan kriteria sangat layak digunakan sebagai sumber belajar dengan persentase 82% dari ahli materi, 71% dari integrasi nilai Islam, 83% dari ahli media, 85% dari Guru Biologi dan 82% dari tanggapan siswa, sehingga jumlah rerata persentase sebesar 81% menunjukkan kriteria sangat layak yang berarti <em>handout</em> sistem ekskresi sangat layak digunakan sebagai sumber belajar dalam proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini perlu dikembangkan ke lingkup sekolah yang lain (skala besar).</p>
A computationally efficient flash flood early warning system for a mountainous and transboundary river basin in Bangladesh
Authors: Biswas Nishan Kumar , Hossain Faisal , Bonnema Matthew , Aminul Haque A. M. , Biswas Robin Kumar , Bhuyan Arifuzzaman , Hossain Amirul 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A computationally efficient early warning technique is developed for forecasting flash floods during the pre-monsoon season that are associated with a complex topography and transboundary runoff in northeastern Bangladesh. Locally conditioned topographic and hydrometeorological observations are key forcings to the modeling system that simulate the hydrology and hydraulic processes. The hydrologic model is calibrated and validated using satellite-based observations to estimate the correct amount of transboundary and mountainous inflow into the flash flood-prone plains. Inflow is then forecasted using precipitation forecast from a global numerical weather prediction (NWP) system called the Global Forecasting System (GFS). The forecasted inflows serve as the upstream boundary conditions for the hydrodynamic model to forecast the water stage and inundation downstream in the floodplains. A real-time in-situ data-based error correction methodology is applied to maintain the skill of the system. The simulation grid size and time-step of the hydrodynamic model are also optimized for computational efficiency. Historical performance of the framework revealed at least 60% accuracy at 5-day lead-time in delineating flood inundation when compared against Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. The study suggests that higher resolution topographic information and dynamically downscaled meteorological observations can lead to significant improvement in flash flood forecasting skills.
Longitudinal study of microbial load of drinking water and seasonal variation of water quality at the point of use in food establishments of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Girmay Aderajew Mekonnen , Gari Sirak Robele , Gebremariam Azage Gebreyohannes , Alemu Bezatu Mengistie , Evans Martin R. , Gessew Gebreab Teklebirhan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The study aimed to determine the status of microbial load of drinking water and seasonal variation of water quality. An institution-based longitudinal study was conducted. 1,141 food establishments were divided into slum and non-slum areas based on their location. Moreover, they were categorized as large and small food establishments. Then, 125 food outlets were selected using a simple random sampling technique. From the selected food outlets, 250 drinking water samples were collected directly from the drinking water storage in the rainy and the dry seasons. Data analysis was conducted using a repeated-measure ANOVA statistical model. The finding indicated that, 26.4% and 10.7% of the food establishments' drinking water was positive for Escherichia coli in the wet and the dry season, respectively. Moreover, 3.2% and 1.6% of the food establishments' drinking water had very high health risk to customers during the wet and the dry season, respectively. The drinking water at the point of use was found to be vulnerable to microbiological contamination and had a serious health risk. Therefore, good sanitation and proper handling of drinking water, and effective drinking water treatment, such as disinfection and filtration, should be practiced in all food establishments.
Modelling Decline in Cognition to Decline in Function in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Karcher Helene , Savelieva Marina , Qi Luyuan , Hummel Noemi , Caputo Angelika , Risson Valery , Capkun Gorana , Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative  
Published: October 2020

Objective:: The study aimed to evaluate and quantify the temporal link between cognitive and functional decline, and assess the impact of the apolipoprotein E4 (APOE-e4) genotype on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression.Methods:A nonlinear mixed-effects Emax model was developed using longitudinal data from 659 patients with dementia due to AD sourced from the Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative (ADNI) database. A cognitive decline model was first built using a cognitive subscale of the AD assessment scale (delayed word recall) as the endpoint, followed by a functional decline model, using the functional assessment questionnaire (FAQ) as the endpoint. Individual and population cognitive decline from the first model drove a functional decline in the second model. The impact of the APOE-e4 genotype status on the dynamics of AD progression was evaluated using the model.Results:Mixed-effects Emax models adequately quantified population average and individual disease trajectories. The model captured a higher initial cognitive impairment and final functional impairment in APOE-e4 carriers than non-carriers. The age at cognitive decline and diagnosis of dementia due to AD was significantly lower in APOE-e4 carriers than that of non-carriers. The average [standard deviation] time shift between cognitive and functional decline, i.e. the time span between half of the maximum cognitive decline and half of the maximum functional decline, was estimated as 1.5 [1.6] years.Conclusion:The present analysis quantifies the temporal link between a cognitive and functional decline in AD progression at the population and individual level, and provides information about the potential benefits of pre-clinical AD treatments on both cognition and function.
Suppression of HIV-1 Viral Replication by Inhibiting Drug Efflux Transporters in Activated Macrophages
Authors: Mu Ying , Cory Theodore J. 
Published: October 2020

Background:Ethanol has been shown to increase oxidative stress, drug efflux transporter expression, and promote HIV progression. Macrophages, which express drug efflux transporters, serve as an essential sanctuary site for HIV. The antiretroviral drug lopinavir, a protease inhibitor, is a substrate of the drug efflux transporters P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1. The NF-κB signaling pathway is associated with inflammation and drug efflux transporter expression.Objective:To examine the effects of ethanol on drug efflux transporters and HIV replication of macrophages and develop strategies to increase the efficacy of the protease inhibitor.Methods:The expression of PGP and MRP1 was examined with western blot. The NF- κB inhibition was assessed with nuclear western blot. LC-MS/MS and p24 ELISA were used to assess intracellular LPV and viral replication.Results:Ethanol at 40mM slightly increased drug efflux transporter PGP and MRP1 expression in activated macrophages. IKK-16, an NF- κB inhibitor, counteracted the increased transporter expression caused by ethanol exposure. MK571, an MRP1 inhibitor, and IKK-16 significantly increased intracellular LPV concentration with or without ethanol treatment. MK571 significantly increased LPV efficacy in suppressing viral replication with or without ethanol treatment. A decreasing trend and a significant decrease were observed with IKK-16+LPV treatment compared with LPV alone in the no ethanol treatment and ethanol treatment groups, respectively.Conclusion:In activated macrophages, inhibiting drug efflux transporter MRP1 activity and reducing its expression may represent a promising approach to suppress viral replication by increasing intracellular antiretroviral concentrations. However, different strategies may be required for ethanolrelated vs. untreated groups.
Interactive Web-Based Resource for Annotation of Genetic Variants Causing Hereditary Angioedema (HADA): Database Development, Implementation, and Validation
Authors: Mendoza-Alvarez Alejandro , Muñoz-Barrera Adrián , Rubio-Rodríguez Luis Alberto , Marcelino-Rodriguez Itahisa , Corrales Almudena , Iñigo-Campos Antonio , Callero Ariel , Perez-Rodriguez Eva , Garcia-Robaina Jose Carlos , González-Montelongo Rafaela , Lorenzo-Salazar Jose Miguel , Flores Carlos 
Published: October 2020

Background
Hereditary angioedema is a rare genetic condition caused by C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency, dysfunction, or kinin cascade dysregulation, leading to an increased bradykinin plasma concentration. Hereditary angioedema is a poorly recognized clinical entity and is very often misdiagnosed as a histaminergic angioedema. Despite its genetic nature, first-line genetic screening is not integrated in routine diagnosis. Consequently, a delay in the diagnosis, and inaccurate or incomplete diagnosis and treatment of hereditary angioedema are common.

Objective
In agreement with recent recommendations from the International Consensus on the Use of Genetics in the Management of Hereditary Angioedema, to facilitate the clinical diagnosis and adapt it to the paradigm of precision medicine and next-generation sequencing–based genetic tests, we aimed to develop a genetic annotation tool, termed Hereditary Angioedema Database Annotation (HADA).

Methods
HADA is built on top of a database of known variants affecting function, including precomputed pathogenic assessment of each variant and a ranked classification according to the current guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics.

Results
HADA is provided as a freely accessible, user-friendly web-based interface with versatility for the entry of genetic information. The underlying database can also be incorporated into automated command-line stand-alone annotation tools.

Conclusions
HADA can achieve the rapid detection of variants affecting function for different hereditary angioedema types, and further integrates useful information to reduce the diagnosis odyssey and improve its delay.
Measurement Properties of Existing Patient-Reported Outcome Measures on Medication Adherence: Systematic Review
Authors: Kwan Yu Heng , Weng Si Dun , Loh Dionne Hui Fang , Phang Jie Kie , Oo Livia Jia Yi , Blalock Dan V , Chew Eng Hui , Yap Kai Zhen , Tan Corrinne Yong Koon , Yoon Sungwon , Fong Warren , Østbye Truls , Low Lian Leng , Bosworth Hayden Barry , Thumboo Julian 
Published: October 2020

Background
Medication adherence is essential for improving the health outcomes of patients. Various patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) have been developed to measure medication adherence in patients. However, no study has summarized the psychometric properties of these PROMs to guide selection for use in clinical practice or research.

Objective
This study aims to evaluate the quality of the PROMs used to measure medication adherence.

Methods
This study was guided by the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. Relevant articles were retrieved from the EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) databases. The PROMs were then evaluated based on the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) guidelines.

Results
A total of 121 unique medication adherence PROMs from 214 studies were identified. Hypotheses testing for construct validity and internal consistency were the most frequently assessed measurement properties. PROMs with at least a moderate level of evidence for ≥5 measurement properties include the Adherence Starts with Knowledge 20, Compliance Questionnaire-Rheumatology, General Medication Adherence Scale, Hill-Bone Scale, Immunosuppressant Therapy Barrier Scale, Medication Adherence Reasons Scale (MAR-Scale) revised, 5-item Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS-5), 9-item MARS (MARS-9), 4-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-4), 8-item MMAS (MMAS-8), Self-efficacy for Appropriate Medication Adherence Scale, Satisfaction with Iron Chelation Therapy, Test of Adherence to Inhalers, and questionnaire by Voils. The MAR-Scale revised, MMAS-4, and MMAS-8 have been administered electronically.

Conclusions
This study identified 121 PROMs for medication adherence and provided synthesized evidence for the measurement properties of these PROMs. The findings from this study may assist clinicians and researchers in selecting suitable PROMs to assess medication adherence.
Cost-minimization analysis of negative pressure wound therapy technologies for the treatment of moderate-to-severe foot infections
Authors: Mallow Peter J , Tepsick Jon , Davis Kathryn E , Lavery Lawrence A 
Published: October 2020

Aim:
The objective was to estimate the cost of care associated with two negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) technologies used to treat patients admitted to the hospital with moderate-to-severe foot infections.
Materials & methods:
A decision tree simulation model was developed to estimate the hospital costs associated with two different NPWT technologies: Cardinal Health™ PRO (NPWT-C) and V.A.C. ULTA™ (NPWT-K). Clinical data were obtained from a previously completed single-site prospective trial. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to gauge the robustness of the results.
Results:
The total expected per-patient costs were US$41,206 (SD: US$8,194) for NPWT-C and US$44,439 (SD: US$8,963) for NPWT-K.
Conclusion:
This study found that NPWT-C was expected to minimize the total costs over the episode of treatment. Larger and more clinically diverse studies are recommended to confirm these findings.
Capitalismo fósil en el siglo XXI: mecanismos económicos, energéticos, militares y elitistas para desencadenar el colapso planetario
Authors: Cano Ramírez Omar Ernesto 
Published: October 2020

Esta investigación aborda los mecanismos estructurales que mantienen la quema de combustibles fósiles y las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero a nivel planetario, a pesar de que ya se conocen y se sufren sus efectos devastadores sobre el clima, la biosfera y la humanidad, y a pesar de las numerosas conferencias y negociaciones internacionales. Se parte de los estudios sobre capitalismo fósil elaborados por Elmar Altvater, Ian Angus y Andreas Malm para precisar el carácter capitalista y de clase de la crisis ambiental actual, mostrando que el origen del problema no es la “sobrepoblación” sino las actividades que imponen, y de las cuales se benefician las élites fósiles. Para ello se usan mediciones sobre aspectos económicos, energéticos, militares y de clase que mantienen (y mantendrán) la quema de combustibles fósiles durante el siglo XXI. Se proponen dos categorías para sintetizar el motor capitalista de esta “destrucción acumulada” y la responsabilidad objetiva de quienes han provocado y se han beneficiado de esta amenaza: 1) el complejo militar-industrial-fósil, y 2) las élites fósiles, ambas siguiendo la obra de C. Wright Mills. Finalmente, se muestra que de no frenar el despilfarro de energía en beneficio de las élites fósiles se estará desencadenando un colapso a nivel planetario que podría ser irreversible.
Hacer Metrópoli. Viaje, Narración y Experiencia Metropolitana desde el Sur del Gran Buenos Aires
Authors: Segura Ramiro 
Published: October 2020

Resumen: Este artículo analiza las formas de experimentar y de narrar la metrópoli de viajeras y viajeros metropolitanos que residen en el sur del Gran Buenos Aires. El artículo explora la relación entre viaje, relato y experiencia. A partir de tres relatos de personas que cotidianamente se desplazan desde las localidades donde residen a la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires se describen los itinerarios cotidianos por la metrópoli, los espacios de vida metropolitanos que tales itinerarios configuran, los umbrales y las atmósferas que experimentan en sus desplazamientos, y los encuentros y las interacciones que se producen en la práctica de movilidad cotidiana. El artículo muestra que la metrópoli –con sus atributos relativos a la cantidad, la densidad y la heterogeneidad de personas que encuentran en ella- se hace y rehace continuamente a través de estas movilidades cotidianas.Palabras clave: Experiencia. Relato. Viaje. Metrópoli. Movilidades MAKING METROPOLI. TRAVEL, NARRATION AND METROPOLITAN EXPERIENCE FROM THE SOUTH OF GRAN BUENOS AIRES Abstract: This article analyzes the ways of experiencing and narrating the metropolis of metropolitan travelers and travelers who reside in the south of Greater Buenos Aires. The article explores the relationship between travel, story and experience. From the analysis of three stories of people who daily move from the towns where they reside in the south of Greater Buenos Aires to the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, the article shows: 1) the daily itineraries through the metropolis; 2) the metropolitan living spaces that such itineraries configure; 3) the thresholds and the atmospheres that they experience in their movements; and 4) the encounters and interactions that occur in the practice of daily mobility. The article shows that the metropolis - with its attributes relative to the quantity, density and heterogeneity of people who find it - is continually made and remade through these daily mobilities.Keywords: Experience. Story. Journey. Metropolis. Mobility