bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial ion channels in pancreatic β‐cells: Novel pharmacological targets for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes
Authors: De Marchi Umberto , Fernandez‐Martinez Silvia , de la Fuente Sergio , Wiederkehr Andreas , Santo‐Domingo Jaime 
Published: February 2020

Pancreatic beta‐cells are central regulators of glucose homeostasis. By tightly coupling nutrient sensing and granule exocytosis, beta‐cells adjust the secretion of insulin to the circulating blood glucose levels. Failure of beta‐cells to augment insulin secretion in insulin‐resistant individuals leads progressively to impaired glucose tolerance, Type 2 diabetes, and diabetes‐related diseases. Mitochondria play a crucial role in β‐cells during nutrient stimulation, linking the metabolism of glucose and other secretagogues to the generation of signals that promote insulin secretion. Mitochondria are double‐membrane organelles containing numerous channels allowing the transport of ions across both membranes. These channels regulate mitochondrial energy production, signalling, and cell death. The mitochondria of β‐cells express ion channels whose physio/pathological role is underappreciated. Here, we describe the mitochondrial ion channels identified in pancreatic β‐cells, we further discuss the possibility of targeting specific β‐cell mitochondrial channels for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes, and we finally highlight the evidence from clinical studies.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Cellular metabolism and diseases. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.10/issuetoc
Taylor‐AMS features and deep convolutional neural network for converting nonaudible murmur to normal speech
Authors: Rajesh Kumar T. , Suresh G. R , Kanaga Subaraja S. , Karthikeyan C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCommunication becomes effective when the speech signal arrives with the profound characteristics. This insisted the researchers to develop an automatic system of recognizing the speech signals from the murmurs. Some of the traditional automatic recognition systems are unfit for the silent environments imposing a need for an effective recognition system. Also, the traditional automatic recognition methods, like Neural Networks, render poor performance in the presence of the murmurs. Thus, this article proposes a method for automatic whisper recognition using the Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN). The training of the DCNN is performed using the proposed Stochastic‐Whale Optimization Algorithm (Stochastic‐WOA), which is designed by the integration of Stochastic Gradient Descent algorithm with WOA. The input to the classifier is the features that include pitch chroma, spectral centroid, spectral skewness, and Taylor‐Amplitude Modulation Spectrogram (Taylor‐AMS), which is obtained by combining Taylor series and Amplitude Modulation Spectrogram (AMS) features, of the preprocessed input speech signal. The experimentation of the method is performed using the real database and the analysis proves that the proposed method acquired a maximal accuracy of 0.9723, minimal False Positive Rate of 0.0257, and maximal True Positive Rate of 0.9981, respectively.
Microalbuminuria assessment after thoracic surgery: Early identification of complication risks
Authors: Cagini Lucio , Andolfi Marco , Potenza Rossella , Ceccarelli Silvia , Vannucci Jacopo , Berti Valeria , Reboldi Gianpaolo , Puma Francesco 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionMicroalbuminuria (MA) is considered a reflection of systemic capillary leak and an early marker of acute stress reaction to the surgical insult, proportional to the severity of the initiating condition and predictive of the individual response to surgical stress.ObjectivesWe conducted a prospective study to assess for the variation of MA within 4 days after thoracic surgery. We correlated observed MA levels with both their respective PaO2/FiO2 respiratory ratio and the onset of postoperative complications.MethodsThis single‐centre study enrolled 255 consecutive patients having an American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) score ≤ 3. The mean age was 62 years with 67% male. All patients were scheduled for elective pulmonary resection. MA was measured in urine samples as the albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (A/C), prior to, at and after extubation up to 96 hours. PaO2/FiO2 was measured at extubation and on the first postoperative day.ResultsOverall, preoperative A/C levels resulted normal, with a significant average increase at extubation which peaked 6 hours later (P < 0.001). Larger postoperative A/C increases were observed in patients who developed postoperative complications, compared to those without these complications (P < 0.019). Moreover, patients undergoing major open pulmonary resections had larger postoperative A/C increases, compared to those undergoing minor video‐assisted thoracic surgery resections (P < 0.006). At the time of extubation, A/C was inversely related to the PaO2/FiO2 ratio (r = −0.25; P = 0.038). Peak A/C > 61 mg/g (P = 0.0003) was associated with postoperative cardio‐pulmonary complications (OR 3.85; P = 0.003).ConclusionWithin 6 hours after extubation, MA assessment may be a rapid and relatively inexpensive method for better predicting perioperative risk in an ASA score ≤ 3 population.
Exploratory Analysis to Identify Concepts, Skills, Knowledge, and Tools to Educate Business Analytics Practitioners
Authors: Johnson Marina E. , Albizri Abdullah , Jain Rashmi 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTRecent technological advancements in data storage and processing have changed how companies conduct their business. An increasing number of firms have started putting their efforts in extracting information from their databases to improve profitability and reduce costs using quantitative approaches. Thus, the job market has been experiencing a rapidly growing demand for business analytics (BA) practitioners, and universities across the globe are increasingly responding to this newly emerged field by offering both undergraduate and graduate level degrees as well as certificate programs. Thus, this research aims to provide a framework for academic institutions to develop a state‐of‐the‐art master's in business analytics (MSBA) curriculum by identifying concepts, skills, knowledge, and tools (CSKT) that industry seeks in BA practitioners. Our data‐driven methodology utilizes peer institution analysis, indeed.com web scraping, and focus group analysis with mid‐ and senior‐level analytics leaders from major companies. Our contribution to the literature and recommendations to institutions developing MSBA programs are offered at the end.
Geographic variation in the habitat preference of a scarce predatory insect: evolutionary and conservation perspectives
Authors: Sloggett John J. , Zeilstra Ilja 
Published: February 2020

1. While there has been considerable focus on prey occurrence as a factor determining the habitat preference of predators, the roles of other factors related to the habitat are less well characterised.2. In aphidophagous ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), a number of species are more restricted in the habitats in which they live than are their prey. A number of such ladybirds appear to show geographic variation in habitat preference.3. To better understand these phenomena, this study considered geographic variation in habitat preference in one such species, the 5‐spot ladybird Coccinella quinquepunctata. Because of this ladybird's scarcity, a combination of over 20 years' observations, habitat surveys and online data was used to reach the study's conclusions.4. The data collected indicate that the ladybird is specialised in pioneer habitats close to water, but broadens its range to non‐riverine pioneer habitats in north‐west continental Europe, where it is likely that a damper (micro)climate allows it to do so. Thus, microclimatic factors appear to be important in determining the habitat of this and probably other predators that are not constrained by prey occurrence.5. Although threatened by river management elsewhere, in north‐western Europe, this species clearly benefits from human activity, which creates many of the disturbed habitats it colonises there. This finding provides further support for the contention that many ladybirds are net beneficiaries of human influence, although they are often characterised as threatened.
Changes in inflammation are related to depression and amount of aerobic exercise in first episode schizophrenia
Authors: Ventura Joseph , McEwen Sarah , Subotnik Kenneth L. , Hellemann Gerhard S. , Ghadiali Manali , Rahimdel Amir , Seo Min Jee , Irwin Michael R. , Nuechterlein Keith H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionElevated levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines have been reported in meta‐analyses of multi‐episode schizophrenia patients when compared to controls. However, little is known about whether these same relationships are present in the early course of schizophrenia.ObjectiveTo assess first episode schizophrenia patients for depression and to assay blood samples collected at baseline and at 6 months for interleukin‐6 (IL‐6).Materials and MethodsTrained raters used the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale to assess depressive symptoms and a standard lab assay kit to assess for IL‐6 levels in plasma.ConclusionsDecreases in pro‐inflammatory IL‐6 levels were significantly related to decreases in depressive symptoms. Within a subset of patients in a 6‐month aerobic exercise protocol, the number of exercise sessions completed was significantly correlated with the amount of decrease in IL‐6. The reductions observed in IL‐6 with aerobic exercise suggest exercise is a promising intervention to reduce brain inflammation effects in schizophrenia patients.
Tackling the challenge of the impact of continuing education: An evidence synthesis charting a global, cross‐professional shift away from counting hours
Authors: Bullock Alison , Kavadella Argyro , Cowpe Jonathan , Barnes Emma , Quinn Barry , Murphy Denis 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionHealth professionals worldwide are required to maintain their knowledge and skills through continuing education. However, there is limited evidence that the accumulation of hours of educational activity enhances practice. The aim of this study was to review evidence of the impact of continuing professional development (CPD), best educational practice and new models of CPD requirements.MethodsWe conducted a rapid evidence synthesis, reviewing literature and websites on continuing education for healthcare and non‐healthcare professionals.ResultsWe extracted data from 184 publications. Evidence of changed practice and improved patient care is uncommon in studies of CPD. What evidence there is suggests that activities are more likely to have impact if a combination of methods is used and if they are aligned with learning needs. Impact is also affected by the learner and their work environment. In terms of CPD requirements, we identified three models: input‐based; outcomes‐based and mixed models. We found a clear shift from quantitative, time‐serving, input‐models to outcomes‐focused models which emphasise the identification of learning needs, selection of educational activity relevant to practice and reflection on practice improvement. Across a range of professions, recently updated CPD regulations no longer require registrants to accumulate CPD hours/points/credits.ConclusionOutcomes‐based models support registrants’ engagement in relevant, meaningful CPD which holds greater potential to positively impact on practice and strengthen patient safety. In funding this study, the UK General Dental Council exemplifies its commitment to reviewing its CPD requirments.
Breaking the deadlock of mistrust? A participative model of the structural reforms in higher education in Poland
Authors: Antonowicz Dominik , Kulczycki Emanuel , Budzanowska Anna 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPolish higher education provides a particular example of a system that, until very recently, has been largely reform‐resistant as it has a long‐standing tradition of bottom‐up ‘academic self‐governance’ at both the system and the institutional levels. This article explores the process of the structural reforms of the higher education system, commonly known as ‘Law 2.0’ (the original term being ‘Ustawa 2.0’) which proceeded between 2016 and 2018. By doing so, it examines in detail the process of policy formation that has been often advertised as a ‘reform different than others’ due to paying special attention to mechanisms of engaging various stakeholders (mostly internal) and an intellectual contribution from the academic community. This study is conceptual by nature but empirically focused. The paper claims that the major reasons for failure were a radical shift in policy process and a departure from the well‐entrenched patterns of policy formation and the highly politically sensitive nature of the content of the reform.
Human surveillance and phylogeny of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) during an outbreak in poultry in South Africa, 2017
Authors: Valley‐Omar Ziyaad , Cloete Alicia , Pieterse Reneé , Walaza Sibongile , Salie‐Bassier Yusrah , Smith Mikhail , Govender Nevashan , Seleka Mpho , Hellferscee Orienka , Mtshali Phillip Senzo , Allam Mushal , Ismail Arshad , Anthony Tasneem , Seutloali Michelle , McCarthy Kerrigan , van Helden Lesley , Cohen Cheryl , Treurnicht Florette Kathleen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn June 2017, an outbreak of the highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) was detected in commercial poultry farms in South Africa, which rapidly spread to all nine South African provinces.ObjectivesWe conducted active surveillance for the transmission of influenza A(H5N8) to humans working with infected birds during the South African outbreak.MethodsInfluenza A(H5N8)‐positive veterinary specimens were used to evaluate the ability of real‐time PCR‐based assays to detect contemporary avian influenza A(H5N8) strains. Whole genome sequences were generated from these specimens by next‐generation sequencing for phylogenetic characterization and screening for mammalian‐adaptive mutations.ResultsHuman respiratory samples from 74 individuals meeting our case definition, all tested negative for avian influenza A(H5) by real‐time PCR, but 2 (3%) were positive for human influenza A(H3N2). 54% (40/74) reported wearing personal protective equipment including overalls, boots, gloves, masks, and goggles. 94% (59/63) of veterinary specimens positive for H5N8 were detected on an influenza A(H5) assay for human diagnostics. A commercial H5N8 assay detected H5 in only 6% (3/48) and N8 in 92% (44/48). Thirteen (13/25; 52%) A(H5N8) genomes generated from veterinary specimens clustered in a single monophyletic clade. These sequences contained the NS (P42S) and PB2 (L89V) mutations noted as markers of mammalian adaptation.ConclusionsDiagnostic assays were able to detect and characterize influenza A(H5N8) viruses, but poor performance is reported for a commercial assay. Absence of influenza A(H5N8) in humans with occupational exposure and no clear impression of molecular adaptation for mammalian infection suggest that this avian pathogen continues to be low‐risk human pathogen.
Exploring the prevalence and management of wounds for people with dementia in long‐term care
Authors: Parker Christina N. , Finlayson Kathleen J. , Edwards Helen E. , MacAndrew Margaret 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe prevalence of wounds and comorbidities such as dementia increase with age. With an ageing population, the likelihood of overlap of these conditions is strong. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of wound types and current management strategies of wound care for people with dementia in long‐term care (LTC). A scoping literature review, a cross‐sectional observational and chart audit study of residents in dementia specific facilities in LTC were conducted. The scoping review indicated that people with dementia/cognitive impairment are often excluded from wound related studies andof the nine studies included in this review, none looked at the prevalence of types of wounds other then pressure injuries. In the skin audit, skin tears were noted as the most common wound type with some evidence‐based practice strategies in place for residents. However, documentation of current wound occurred in less than a third of residents with wounds. This is the first study to note the prevalence of different wound types in people with dementia and current management strategies being used across two dementia‐specific facilities and a lack of research in this area limits evidence in guiding practice.
Predictors of rehospitalization for community‐dwelling older adults with chronic heart failure: A structural equation model
Authors: Ma Chunhua , Zhou Wei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimsTo examine the effects of health literacy, activities of daily living, frailty and self‐care on rehospitalization for older adults with chronic heart failure using a structural equation model.DesignThis was a cross‐sectional study.MethodsTwo hundred and seventy‐one older patients with chronic heart failure were recruited using a convenience sampling method from three community healthcare centres in Guangzhou, Southern China. The data were collected using a questionnaire survey between April 2018 and October 2018 by three research assistants.FindingsThe proposed model revealed a good fit to the data (χ2/d.f. = 2.39, root mean square error of approximation = 0.06, goodness of fit index = 0.93, comparative fit index = 0.91, normed fit index = 0.91). Health literacy (β = 0.21), activities of daily living (β = 0.43), frailty (β = 0.29) and self‐care (β = 0.40) directly affected the rehospitalization of older patients with chronic heart failure. Health literacy (β = 0.19), activities of daily living (β = 0.36) and frailty (β = 0.33) indirectly affected rehospitalization through self‐care. Frailty (β = 0.16) indirectly affected rehospitalization by activities of daily living. Activities of daily living had the highest direct and total effects on rehospitalization; the effect values were 0.43 and 0.57, respectively.ConclusionCommunity‐dwelling older adults with chronic heart failure who had limited health literacy, frailty, declined activities of daily living and lower self‐care were eligible for rehospitalization. Self‐care and activities of daily living were considered mediators between rehospitalization and its predictors. A future longitudinal study is required to validate the results.ImpactTailored and targeted measures aiming to enhance self‐care and activities of daily living have been developed for older patients with chronic heart failure because they are not only predictors but also mediators. Assessment of health literacy level of this population is the first step before developing health education. Frailty of patients with chronic heart failure should be reduced to a minimum level.
Role expectations and workplace relations experienced by men in nursing: A qualitative study through an interpretive description lens
Authors: Smith Christopher M. , Lane Susan H. , Brackney Dana E. , Horne Carolyn E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to investigate the lived experiences of male nurses in today's healthcare environment to understand the persistently low numbers of men in nursing.DesignThis study used interpretive description methodology, which aligns with nursing's approach to knowledge discovery by acknowledging the evolution and complexity of shared and individual experiences.MethodsParticipants, (N = 11), were recruited through the American Association for Men in Nursing using purposive sampling. Focused interviews were conducted between May 2018 – June 2018. Interviews were semi‐structured, guided by open‐ended questions and video and audio recorded. Data were analysed according to study design with categories and themes extracted using reliability measures.ResultsThis study's findings reflected the unique experiences of each participant in a primarily female dominated work environment in clinical and academic settings. Our study identified thematic categories of role expectations and workplace relations for the men in the study. Role expectations were influenced by sociocultural views, professional acceptance and patient/family perceptions. Workplace relations were associated with being male, social cliques and peer support.ConclusionParticipants shared similar and distinctly individual experiences. Findings from this study indicate there has been progress toward improving male presence in nursing but additional efforts are needed to increase inclusivity. Findings can be used to make recommendations for professional change in nursing, strengthen diversity by refining ways to recruit more men, enhance patients' experiences and improve experiences for future male nurses.ImpactThis study addressed low numbers of men in nursing. Main findings included role expectations and workplace relations and how they are experienced by men in nursing. Findings from this research have a multidisciplinary impact in the workplace, and affect care of patients and their families.
Bullying in nursing evaluated by the Negative Acts Questionnaire‐Revised: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Serafin Lena , Sak‐Dankosky Natalia , Czarkowska‐Pączek Bożena 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimsTo report a synthesis of the empirical studies that used the Negative Acts Questionnaire‐Revised (NAQ‐R) to assess bullying among nurses based on evaluation of the psychometric properties and use and usability of the instrument and identification of the variables associated with bullying.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.Data sourcesFour databases were used in the literature search: PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Scopus. The search was limited to original publications describing results of empirical studies written in English or Polish and published in peer‐reviewed journals between 2002 and 2018.Review methodsTwo reviewers independently assessed eligibility, extracted data and conducted quality assessment. Based on the extracted data, three separate meta‐analyses were conducted.ResultsThirty‐one articles were included in the review, 13 of which were selected for meta‐analysis. In studies where participants reported bullying (N = 19), its prevalence ranged from 17–94%. Variables most often associated with bullying were age, educational level and years of professional experience. Usability of this instrument in different countries was supported by a high reliability in each study. In two meta‐analyses, which included 12 studies with mean NAQ‐R and item scores, the heterogeneity of data was calculated as high and moderate respectively.ConclusionThe good quality of the NAQ‐R in determining variables related to bullying is endorsed. Variables related to bullying identified in this review could be used to map out a model of a potential bullying victim for preventative measures.ImpactThe NAQ‐R is a useful and reliable tool for measuring bullying among nurses; however, there remains a strong need to assure that a verified, standardized and updated bullying taxonomy is used in future studies to ensure reliable and comparable data. A model of a potential bullying victim may help nursing directors foster a healthier workplace environment, thereby improving patient outcomes in the long‐term.