bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
That’s the ticket: explicit lottery randomisation and learning in Tullock contests
Authors: Chowdhury Subhasish M. , Mukherjee Anwesha , Turocy Theodore L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMost laboratory experiments studying Tullock contest games find that bids significantly exceed the risk-neutral equilibrium predictions. We test the generalisability of these results by comparing a typical experimental implementation of a contest against the familiar institution of a ticket-based raffle. We find that in the raffle (1) initial bid levels are significantly lower and (2) bids adjust more rapidly towards expected-earnings best responses. We demonstrate the robustness of our results by replicating them across two continents at two university labs with contrasting student profiles.
Soil Heavy Metal(loid) Pollution and Phytoremediation Potential of Native Plants on a Former Gold Mine in Ghana
Authors: Petelka Joshua , Abraham John , Bockreis Anke , Deikumah Justus Precious , Zerbe Stefan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the soil pollution level and evaluated the phytoremediation potential of 25 native plant species on a former gold mine-tailing site in Ghana. Plant shoots and associated soil samples were collected from a tailing deposition site and analyzed for total element concentration of As, Hg, Pb, and Cu. Soil metal(loid) content, bioaccumulation factor (BAFshoots), and hyperaccumulator thresholds were also determined to assess the current soil pollution level and phytoextraction potential. The concentration of As and Hg in the soil was above international risk thresholds, while that of Pb and Cu were below those thresholds. None of the investigated plant species reached absolute hyperaccumulator standard concentrations. Bioavailability of sampled metal(loid)s in the soil was generally low due to high pH, organic matter, and clay content. However, for Cu, relatively high bioaccumulation values (BAFshoots > 1) were found for 12 plant species, indicating the potential for selective heavy-metal extraction via phytoremediation by those plants. The high levels of As at the study site constitute an environmental and health risk but there is the potential for phytoextraction of Cu (e.g., Aspilia africana) and reclamation by afforestation using Leucaena leucocephala and Senna siamea.
Watersiporidae (Bryozoa) in Iberian waters: an update on alien and native species
Authors: Reverter-Gil Oscar , Souto Javier 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSpecies of the genus Watersipora comprise an important invasive fouling group but are difficult to identify up to species level. This problem, in conjunction with the recent re-description of several member species, requires the revision of previous records and newly collected material in order to more precisely determine their actual presence and distribution. Here, we revise the identity and distribution of alien and native species of Watersiporidae in Iberian waters based on newly collected material, historical collections, and bibliographic data. Four species of Watersipora are now known from here. Watersipora cucullata is the only native species, present in the Spanish Mediterranean. Watersipora subatra seems to have been introduced relatively recently in Iberian and European Atlantic waters and has been expanding to other Atlantic localities. Watersipora arcuata was collected for the first time in Europe at the SW Spanish Atlantic coast in 1990 and recently in Mediterranean marinas. Watersipora souleorum is known in Iberian waters from two localities in the Gulf of Cadiz and in Gibraltar. With the recent redescription of the genus Watersipora, W. complanata is no longer a member. A new watersiporid genus, Terwasipora gen. nov., is described for this species. In Iberian waters, T. complanata comb. nov. is considered a native species, frequent and abundant in shallow waters along the Atlantic coast.
When perception is reality: Resident perception of faculty gender parity in a&nbsp;university-based internal medicine residency program
Authors: Lukela Jennifer Reilly , Ramakrishnan Aditi , Nicole Hadeed Nicole , Del Valle John 
Published: November 2019

Introduction Although women have entered medical school and internal medicine residency programs in significant numbers for decades, women faculty remain underrepresented in senior and departmental leadership roles. How residents perceive this gender disparity is unknown. We sought to assess resident perception of gender parity among departmental leadership and teaching faculty in our internal medicine department, and to determine the actual gender distribution of those faculty roles.
Methods An anonymous cross-sectional survey was distributed to evaluate resident perception of gender representation of various faculty roles. Using conference schedules, resident evaluations, and our department website, we determined the actual representation of women faculty in department leadership roles, and in clinical and educational activities.
Results 88 of 164 residents (54%) responded. Women residents were less likely than men to perceive that women faculty were equally represented in department leadership (45% men agreed vs. 13% women, p < 0.05), clinical teaching roles (55% men agreed vs. 28% women, p < 0.05), or facilitating educational conferences (45% men agreed vs. 28% women, p = 0.074). In 2017, the internal medicine department at our institution comprised 815 faculty members, 473 men (58%) and 342 women (42%). At that time, women faculty held 5% of senior departmental leadership positions and 21% of educational leadership positions. During the year preceding survey distribution, women faculty attended on internal medicine inpatient wards for 33% of the total number of weeks, staffed 20% of morning reports, and facilitated 28% of noon conferences.
Bradley’s “my station and its duties” and its moral (in)significance
Authors: Babushkina Dina 
Published: November 2019

AbstractI argue that, according to F. H. Bradley’s Ethical Studies, duties of our station (positional duties) are not morally obligatory unless they are required from an ideal point of view. I support my interpretation by showing that Bradley places the ideal point of view higher than the social and requires that what society demands from us is evaluated from that higher point of view. My argument relies on a detailed analysis of “my station and its duties”. The phrase must be understood as a category that (1) refers to different concepts throughout Ethical Studies (i.e. a theory that Bradley rejects, a revised thesis that he accepts, and positional duties), and (2) embraces several theses (descriptive, normative, and ideal), each involving a number of claims, only a few of which Bradley accepts. I argue that Bradley rejects the normative thesis of MSID theory that identifies moral obligation with social requirements because he finds bottom-up idealization (what ought to be must conform to what is) unsatisfactory. Bradley’s inclusion of “my station and its duties” in the moral ideal must be understood as amounting to the claim that a positional duty is morally obligatory only when it is justified by the norms governing pre-institutionalised relationships.
Reported variability in healthcare facility policies regarding healthcare personnel working while experiencing influenza-like illnesses: An emerging infections network survey
Authors: Babcock Hilary M. , Beekmann Susan E. , Pillai Satish K. , Santibanez Scott , Lee Leslie , Kuhar David T. , Campbell Angela P. , Patel Anita , Polgreen Philip M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground:Presenteeism, or working while ill, by healthcare personnel (HCP) experiencing influenza-like illness (ILI) puts patients and coworkers at risk. However, hospital policies and practices may not consistently facilitate HCP staying home when ill.Objective and methods:We conducted a mixed-methods survey in March 2018 of Emerging Infections Network infectious diseases physicians, describing institutional experiences with and policies for HCP working with ILI.Results:Of 715 physicians, 367 (51%) responded. Of 367, 135 (37%) were unaware of institutional policies. Of the remaining 232 respondents, 206 (89%) reported institutional policies regarding work restrictions for HCP with influenza or ILI, but only 145 (63%) said these were communicated at least annually. More than half of respondents (124, 53%) reported that adherence to work restrictions was not monitored or enforced. Work restrictions were most often not perceived to be enforced for physicians-in-training and attending physicians. Nearly all (223, 96%) reported that their facility tracked laboratory-confirmed influenza (LCI) in patients; 85 (37%) reported tracking ILI. For employees, 109 (47%) reported tracking of LCI and 53 (23%) reported tracking ILI. For independent physicians, not employed by the facility, 30 (13%) reported tracking LCI and 11 (5%) ILI.Conclusion:More than one-third of respondents were unaware of whether their institutions had policies to prevent HCP with ILI from working; among those with knowledge of institutional policies, dissemination, monitoring, and enforcement of these policies was highly variable. Improving communication about work-restriction policies, as well as monitoring and enforcement, may help prevent the spread of infections from HCP to patients.
Chinese Identity During the Age of Division, Sui, and Tang
Authors: Holcombe Charles 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDuring the centuries after the fall of the Han dynasty, dozens of states rose and fell in geographic China, which was not only politically divided but also home to multiple separately named population groups, some of which were speakers of languages unrelated to Chinese. Yet, a single written language was used throughout the region, broadly common institutions were everywhere in place, and there was a widely shared collective historical memory. This memory included an assumed single line of legitimate sovereigns stretching back to the Sage Kings of legendary antiquity. Differently named population groups could adopt that written language, institutions, and historical memory, and their rulers could potentially even join that line of legitimate sovereigns. It was therefore relatively easy for the Sui and Tang dynasties, having militarily unified the geographic space of the old Han empire, to successfully depict themselves as heirs to a unitary China rooted in ancient memory.
OPERADIC APPROACH TO COHOMOLOGY OF ASSOCIATIVE TRIPLE AND N-TUPLE SYSTEMS
Authors: BAGHERZADEH FATEMEH , BREMNER MURRAY 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe cup product in the cohomology of algebras over quadratic operads has been studied in the general setting of Koszul duality for operads. We study the cup product on the cohomology of n-ary totally associative algebras with an operation of even (homological) degree. This cup product endows the cohomology with the structure of an n-ary partially associative algebra with an operation of even or odd degree depending on the parity of n. In the cases n=3 and n=4, we provide an explicit definition of this cup product and prove its basic properties.
Optimal Control of a Wheeled Mobile Cable-Driven Parallel Robot ICaSbot with Viscoelastic Cables
Authors: Korayem Moharam Habibnejad , Yousefzadeh Mahdi , Tourajizadeh Hami 
Published: November 2019

SUMMARYIn this paper, a new mobile cable-driven parallel robot is proposed by mounting a spatial cable robot on a wheeled mobile robot. This system includes all the advantages of cable robots such as high ratio of payload to weight and good stiffness and accuracy while its deficiency of limited workspace is eliminated by the aid of its mobile chassis. The combined system covers a vast workspace area whereas it has negligible vibrations and cable sag due to using shorter cables. The dynamic equations are derived using Gibbs–Appell formulation considering viscoelasticity of the cables. Therefore, the more realistic viscoelastic cable model of the robot reveals the system flexibility effect and shows the requirements needed to control the end-effector in the conditions with cable elasticity. The viscoelastic system stability is investigated based on the input–output feedback linearization and using only the actuators feedback data. Feedback linearization controller is equipped by two additional controllers, that is, the optimal controller based on Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) method and finite horizon model predictive approach. They are used to control the system compromising between the control effort and error signals of the feedback linearized system. The applied control input to the robot plant is the voltage signal limited to a specified band. The validity of modeling and the designed controller efficiency are investigated using MATLAB simulation and its verification is accomplished by experimental tests conducted on the manufactured cable robot, ICaSbot.
Breeding abundance and population trend of the Peruvian Diving-petrel Pelecanoides garnotii in Chile: Recovery of an endangered seabird?
Authors: FERNÁNDEZ CLAUDIA E. , PORTFLITT-TORO MATÍAS , MIRANDA-URBINA DIEGO , PLAZA PAULA , LUNA NICOLAS , LUNA-JORQUERA GUILLERMO 
Published: November 2019

SummaryAs island ecosystems are among the most critical breeding habitats for seabirds, their protection should enhance population viability for many species. The Peruvian Diving-petrel Pelecanoides garnotii breeds only in Chile and Perú, is an endangered seabird with historically large populations of over 100,000 breeding pairs, but fewer than 1,000 remained in the 1980s and it became the first endangered seabird of the Humboldt Current System. In Chile, they breed on five islands, three of which are legally protected, but only two have a management plan. Between 2010 and 2014, we evaluated the density of nests, burrow occupancy, and colony patch sizes on the islands to estimate the breeding population. The population trend was assessed by compiling historical data available in the literature and several unpublished technical reports. The current breeding population size in Chile was ∼12,500 breeding pairs (95% CI: 10,613–14,676 pairs) that is ∼34% of the breeding pairs reported for Peru (∼36,450 pairs). Choros Island, the only island with adequate protection, accounted for ∼95% of the total breeding population of the Peruvian Diving-petrel in Chile. Historical population trends showed a significant increase in breeding pairs during recent years on Choros Island. It seems that the adequate legal protection of Choros Island is leading to the recovery of Peruvian Diving-petrels, demonstrating that protection of breeding colonies remains an essential strategy for the conservation of endemic seabirds.
Red cell transfusion practices after stage 1 palliation: a survey of practitioners from the Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Society
Authors: Badheka Aditya , Yu Priscilla , Mille Felina , Durbin Dennis , Elci Okan , Blinder Joshua 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroduction:Neonates may require increased red cell mass to optimise oxygen content after stage 1 palliation; however, data informing transfusion practices are limited. We hypothesise there is a patient-, provider-, and institution-based heterogeneity in red cell transfusion decision-making after stage 1 palliation.Methods:We conducted an online survey of Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Society practitioners in 2016. Respondents answered scenario-based questions that defined transfusion indications and identified haematocrit transfusion thresholds. Respondents were divided into restrictive and liberal groups based on a haematocrit score. Fisher’s exact test was used to determine the associations between transfusion likelihood and patient, provider, and institutional characteristics. Bonferroni correction was applied to adjust the p-value to 0.004 for multiple comparisons.Results:There was a 21% response rate (116 responses). Most were male (58.6%), attending physicians (85.3%) with >5 year of intensive care experience (88.7%) and subspeciality training in critical care medicine (47.4%). The majority of institutions were academic (96.6%), with a separate cardiac ICU (86.2%), and performed >10 stage 1 palliation cases annually (68.1%). After Bonferroni correction, there were no significant patient, respondent, or institutional differences between the restrictive and liberal groups. No respondent or institutional characteristics influenced transfusion decision-making after stage 1 palliation.Conclusions:Decision-making around red cell transfusion after stage 1 palliation is heterogeneous. We found no clear relationships between patient, respondent, or institutional characteristics and transfusion decision-making among surveyed respondents. Given the lack of existing data informing red cell transfusion after stage 1 palliation, further studies are necessary to inform evidence-based guidelines.
Field dissipation of S-metolachlor in organic and mineral soils used for sugarcane production in Florida
Authors: Fernandez Jose V. , Odero D. Calvin , MacDonald Gregory E. , Ferrell Jason A. , Sellers Brent A. , Wilson P. Christopher 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDissipation of S-metolachlor, a soil-applied herbicide, on organic and mineral soils used for sugarcane production in Florida was evaluated using field studies in 2013 to 2016. S-metolachlor was applied PRE at 2,270 g ha−1 on organic and mineral soils with 75% and 1.6% organic matter, respectively. The rate of dissipation of S-metolachlor was rapid on mineral soils compared with organic soils. Dissipation of S-metolachlor on organic soils followed a negative linear trend resulting in half-lives (DT50) ranging from 50 to 126 d. S-metolachlor loss on organic soils was more rapid under high soil-moisture conditions than in corresponding low soil-moisture conditions. On mineral soils, dissipation of S-metolachlor followed an exponential decline. The DT50 of S-metolachlor on mineral soils ranged from 12 to 24 d. The short persistence of S-metolachlor on mineral soils was likely attributed to low organic matter content with limited adsorptive capability. The results indicate that organic matter content and soil moisture are important for persistence of S-metolachlor on organic and mineral soils used for sugarcane production in Florida.
A CYGNSS‐Based Algorithm for the Detection of Inland Waterbodies
Authors: Gerlein‐Safdi Cynthia , Ruf Christopher S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) is a new constellation of eight low Earth orbiting spacecrafts that receive both direct and reflected signals from GPS satellites. Coherent reflection of the GPS signal from standing water over land results in a high surface reflectivity signal in the CYGNSS data. An image processing algorithm is presented, which leverages the surface reflectivity signal to produce a watermask of inland waterbodies at 0.01° × 0.01° spatial resolution. The watermask is compared to hand‐drawn maps of inland waterbodies, as well as to the MODIS watermask product. We find that the CYGNSS watermask provides accurate, time‐varying maps that are able to resolve changes in lake and river position and extent. With CYGNSS' short return time, watermasks can be generated using as little as half a month of data to produce near‐real‐time maps of flooding events.
Self‐Acceleration and Instability of Gravity Wave Packets: 2. Two‐Dimensional Packet Propagation, Instability Dynamics, and Transient Flow Responses
Authors: Dong Wenjun , Fritts David C. , Lund Thomas S. , Wieland Scott A. , Zhang Shaodong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractResults of two‐dimensional and narrow three‐dimensional (2‐D and 2.5‐D) simulations of a gravity wave (GW) packet localized in altitude and along its propagation direction employing a new, versatile compressible model are described. The simulations explore self‐acceleration and instability dynamics in an idealized atmosphere at rest under mean solar conditions in a domain extending to an altitude of 260 km and 1,800 km horizontally without artificial dissipation. High resolution in the central 2.5‐D domain enables the description of 3‐D instability dynamics accounting for breaking, dissipation, and momentum deposition within the GW packet. 2‐D results describe responses to localized self‐acceleration effects, including generation of secondary GWs (SGWs) at larger scales able to propagate to much higher altitudes. 2.5‐D results exhibit instability forms consistent with previous 3‐D simulations of instability dynamics and cause SGW generation and propagation at smaller spatial scales to weaken significantly compared to the 2‐D results. SGW responses at larger scales are driven primarily by GW/mean flow interactions arising at early stages of the self‐acceleration dynamics prior to strong GW instabilities and dissipation. As a result, they exhibit similar responses in both the 2‐D and 2.5‐D simulations and readily propagate to high altitudes at large distances from the initial GW packet. A companion paper examines these dynamics for an initial GW packet localized in three dimensions and evolving in a representative 3‐D tidal wind field.
Loss of Mob1a/b impairs the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into the three germ layer lineages
Authors: Bae June Sung , Kim Sun Mi , Jeon Yoon , Sim Juyeon , Jang Ji Yun , Son Jaehyung , Hong Woosol , Park Mi Kyung , Lee Ho 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Hippo pathway plays a crucial role in cell proliferation and apoptosis and can regulate stem cell maintenance and embryonic development. MOB kinase activators 1A and 1B (Mob1a/b) are key components of the Hippo pathway, whose homozygous deletion in mice causes early embryonic lethality at the preimplantation stage. To investigate the role of Mob1a/b in stem cell maintenance and differentiation, an embryonic stem cell (ESC) clone in which Mob1a/b could be conditionally depleted was generated and characterized. Although Mob1a/b depletion did not affect the stemness or proliferation of mouse ESCs, this depletion caused defects in differentiation into the three germ layers. Yap knockdown rescued the in vitro and in vivo defects in differentiation caused by Mob1a/b depletion, suggesting that differentiation defects caused by Mob1a/b depletion were Yap-dependent. In teratoma experiments, Yap knockdown in Mob1a/b-depleted ESCs partially restored defects in differentiation, indicating that hyperactivation of Taz, another effector of the Hippo pathway, inhibited differentiation into the three germ layers. Taken together, these results suggest that Mob1a/b or Hippo signaling plays a critical role in the differentiation of mouse ESCs into the three germ layers, which is dependent on Yap. These close relationship of the Hippo pathway with the differentiation of stem cells supports its potential as a therapeutic target in regenerative medicine.