bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regio‐ and stereoselective glycosylation of 2‐(o‐dihydroxyborylbenzyl) thioglucoside and unprotected methyl glycosides
Authors: Lam Sarah , Hsu Mei‐Yuan , Wang Cheng‐Chung 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA highly regio‐ and stereoselective glycosylation of a boronic acid‐containing thioglucoside and unprotected methyl glycosides is described. A boronic acid moiety was installed at the ortho‐position of the 2‐O‐benzyl group of a thioglucosyl donor. This provides transient partial protection for the unprotected glycosyl acceptor upon condensation and concomitantly prearranged the acceptor with respect to the donor for the ensuing intramolecular glycosylation.
Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Daptomycin Against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium in Pediatric Patients by Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Wei Xiao‐Chen , Zhao Ming‐Feng , Li Xin , Xiao Xia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of various daptomycin dosing regimens against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium in pediatric patients with proven/suspected gram‐positive infection. Monte Carlo simulations (MCSs) were conducted using pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters and pharmacodynamic (PD) data to determine the probabilities of target attainment and cumulative fractions of response in terms of area under the concentration curve/minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) targets of daptomycin. According to the results of the MCSs, currently approved pediatric dosage regimens were sufficient against Staphylococcus aureus with MIC ≤ 0.5 μg/mL for all pediatric patients, but poor when MIC ≥ 1 μg/mL except for adolescents (12‐17 years) who need a dosage of ≥10 mg/kg/day at MIC = 1 μg/mL. For Enterococcus faecium with MIC ≤ 4 μg/mL, the recommended dosage of 8‐12 mg/kg/day in adults was enough for adolescents, but not subjected to younger pediatric patients. Furthermore, based on MIC distributions obtained from the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, the approved high‐dose regimen should be recommended for infants aged 3‐12 months, children (2‐11 years), and adolescents to achieve better clinical efficacy against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, the dosage of 8‐12 mg/kg/day was powerful against Enterococcus faecium for adolescents; however, only the highest dosage of 12 mg/kg/day was effective for infants aged 3‐12 months and children. All the simulated regimens were not optimal for infants aged 13‐24 months. These PK/PD‐based simulations rationalize and optimize the dosage regimens of daptomycin against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium in pediatric patients.
Design and evaluation of novel bio‐based deep eutectic solvents for highly efficient bioproduction of chiral aryl alcohol
Authors: He Yushu , Huang Qianyue , Wang Pu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDDeep eutectic solvents (DESs) derived from bio‐available materials are promising eco‐friendly solvents in the field of biocatalysis. However, the type of bio‐based DES is still limited and its application in bioprocess has not been well‐explored. We adopted a design strategy via the combination of choline and amino acids to synthesize novel bio‐based DESs, aimed to enhance biocatalytic efficacy by exploiting the developed DESs as co‐solvents.RESULTSVarious bio‐based DESs were synthesized, where the two components are both bio‐available (choline and amino acids). Their performances in the bioreduction of 2‐chloro‐1‐(3,4‐difluorophenyl)ethanone (CFPO) were subsequently evaluated with recombinant Escherichia coli cells. The efficient asymmetric production of (S)‐2‐chloro‐1‐(3,4‐difluorophenyl)ethanol ((S)‐CFPL) was successfully achieved in a developed choline acetate/lysine (ChAc/Lys)‐containing medium. ChAc/Lys can strengthen coenzyme regeneration and properly improve cell membrane permeability during bioreduction, which account for high conversion. After optimized reaction parameters were conducted in the ChAc/Lys‐buffer system, 87.0% (S)‐CFPL yield was observed with > 99.9% enantiomeric excess (ee) value at 1 mol L−1 CFPO content. The substrate loading in the established ChAc/Lys‐buffer system was increased by 3.3‐fold compared to aqueous medium. This bioprocess was also proved to be feasible at 500 mL preparative‐scale with a satisfactory conversion.CONCLUSIONChAc/Lys bio‐DES is a promising and biocompatible co‐solvent. Introducing ChAc/Lys to the reaction system is an effective strategy for challenging high substrate loading for bioreduction. Our results give a valuable insight for developing green and benign sustainable bio‐DESs for biotransformation. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Extraction of nano‐porous silica from hydrosodalite produced via modification of low‐grade kaolin for removal of methylene blue from wastewater
Authors: Alizadeh Arasi Mahshid , Salem Amin , Salem Shiva 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUND: This work employs low‐grade kaolin as raw material in the economical production of nano‐porous silica with extended surface area via the hydrothermal acidification of intermediate zeolite composite to remove methylene blue from wastewater. Hydrosodalite fabricated through the modification of meta‐kaolin (MK) with sodium aluminate (NaAlO2) was used as a precursor in the hydrothermal acidification step.RESULTS: The direct conversion of MK to zeolite composite generating a low crystalline phase, containing quartz which was eliminated in the acidification step, exhibited a strong affinity towards dye adsorption. It was indicated that the NaAlO2/MK ratio could influence the hydrosodalite crystallization as well as adsorption efficiency of the nano‐porous silica obtained from acidification of zeolite composite. The nano‐porous silica formation involved the ion extraction from hydrosodalite cabbage‐like particles, depending on crystallinity of intermediate zeolite composite.CONCLUSION: The mesoporous silica represented the appropriate adsorptive behavior when produced from precursor modified with lower NaAlO2 content, NaAlO2/MK = 0.24, attributed to superior specific surface area, 420 m2 g−1, with average pore diameter about 3.3 nm. The equilibrium data was better correlated by Redlich–Peterson isotherm. Compared to the surface area of silica powders fabricated from high grade kaolins, Al2O3/SiO2, > 0.83, by the acid‐etched strategy, the mesoporous silica produced from the low‐grade kaolin by the template free method indicates higher value. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Ultrasound‐assisted synthesis of substituted triazines and their corrosion inhibition behavior on N80 steel/acid interface
Authors: Salman Mohammad , Ansari Kashif R. , Haque Jiyaul , Srivastava Vandana , Quraishi Mumtaz A. , Mazumder Mohammad A. J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe three substituted triazines were synthesized by ultrasound irradiation method and characterized by FTIR, 13C NMR, and 1H NMR. The corrosion inhibition behavior of the synthesized inhibitors on N80 steel in 15% HCl was studied using electrochemical analyses and weight loss methods. All three inhibitors exhibited excellent corrosion inhibition performance, and the best inhibition effect was shown by TZ‐3 (93.2% at 800 mg/L). EIS measurements suggest that the corrosion inhibition process is a charge transfer controlled. The PDP results indicated that all the triazines are mixed‐type inhibitors. Langmuir adsorption model is the best fit among the other tested isotherms. These molecules can act as promising acidizing corrosion inhibitors for the oil gas industry. FTIR, AFM, and UV‐vis studies corroborate the adsorption of inhibitor molecules over the metal surface.
TLR8 and complement C5 induce cytokine release and thrombin activation in human whole blood challenged with Gram-positive bacteria
Authors: Ehrnström Birgitta , Kojen June F. , Giambelluca Miriam , Ryan Liv , Moen Siv H. , Hu Zhenyi , Yin Hang , Mollnes Tom E. , Damås Jan K. , Espevik Terje , Stenvik Jørgen 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We recently showed that TLR8 is critical for the detection of Gram-positive bacteria by human monocytes. Here, we hypothesized that TLR8 and complement together regulate antibacterial responses in human blood. Anticoagulated blood was treated with selective inhibitors of TLR8 and/or complement C5, and then challenged with live Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B streptococcus, GBS), Staphylococcus aureus, or Escherichia coli. Cytokine production, plasma membrane permeability, bacterial survival, phagocytosis, and activation of coagulation was examined. GBS and S. aureus, but not E. coli, triggered TLR8-dependent production of IL-12p70, IL-1β, TNF, and IL-6 in fresh human whole blood. In purified polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), GBS and S. aureus induced IL-8 release in part via TLR8, whereas PMN plasma membrane leakage and extracellular DNA levels increased independently of TLR8. TLR8 was more important than C5 for bacteria-induced production of IL-12p70, IL-1β, and TNF in blood, whereas IL-8 release was more C5 dependent. Both TLR8 and C5 induced IL-6 release and activation of prothrombin cleavage, and here their combined effects were additive. Blocking of C5 or C5aR1 attenuated phagocytosis and increased the extracellular growth of GBS in blood, whereas TLR8 inhibition neither reduced phagocytosis nor intracellular killing of GBS and S. aureus. In conclusion, TLR8 is more important than C5 for production of IL-12p70, IL-1β, and TNF upon GBS and S. aureus infection in blood, whereas C5 is central for IL-8 release and phagocytosis. Both TLR8 and C5 mediate IL-6 release and activation of coagulation during challenge with Gram-positive bacteria in blood.
Paeoniflorin relieves LPS-induced inflammatory pain in mice by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation via transient receptor potential vanilloid 1
Authors: Yin Nina , Gao Qinghua , Tao Wenting , Chen Jiaojiao , Bi Jing , Ding Fengmin , Wang Zhigang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
LPS has been widely used to induce inflammatory pain, attributing to production of inflammatory cytokines and sensitization of nociceptors. Paeoniflorin (PF) possesses anti-nociceptive property, but its effect on LPS-induced inflammatory pain has not been investigated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the analgesic effect of PF on an inflammatory pain mouse model and explore the underlying mechanisms. LPS-induced inflammatory pain model was established in C57BL/6J mice after PF treatment. Then, thermal hyperalgesia, neutrophil infiltration, inflammatory cytokine production, intracellular Ca2+ levels, PKC activity, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV-1) expression, NF-κB transcription, and NLPR3 inflammasome activation were assessed by thermal withdrawal latency, histopathology, ELISA, intracellular Ca2+ concentration, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot, separately. PF significantly relieved inflammatory pain and paw edema in mice with LPS-induced inflammatory pain. Additionally, PF inhibited neutrophil infiltration, inflammatory cytokine production (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6), intracellular Ca2+ levels, and PKC activity as well as suppressed TRPV-1 expression, NF-κB transcription, and NLPR3 inflammasome activation in the footpad tissue samples. Importantly, capsaicin (TRPV-1 agonists) obviously reversed the pain-relieving effect of PF, suggesting the involvement of TRPV-1 in the analgesic activity of PF. Our results indicated PF ameliorated LPS-induced inflammation and pain in mice by inhibiting TRPV-1-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation. These findings suggest that PF can be as a potential pharmacological agent for inflammatory pain and thus deserves more attention and further investigation.
Tissue Characterization by Mapping and Strain Cardiac MRI to Evaluate Myocardial Inflammation in Fulminant Myocarditis
Authors: Li Haojie , Zhu Hui , Yang Zhaoxia , Tang Dazhong , Huang Lu , Xia Liming 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundThe clinical value of novel mapping techniques and strain measures to assess myocardial inflammation in fulminant myocarditis (FM) has not been fully explored.PurposeTo evaluate the ability of mapping and strain cardiac MRI to assess myocardial inflammation in patients with FM, and to which degree the strain metrics correlate with myocardial edema.Study TypeProspective.PopulationTwenty‐nine patients (37 ± 16 years, 48% male) with FM and 29 patients with nonfulminant acute myocarditis (NFAM) (29 ± 14 years, 69% male).Field Strength/Sequence3.0T; Cine imaging, black blood T2‐weighted imaging, T1mapping, T2 mapping, and late gadolinium enhancement.AssessmentNative T1, extracellular volume (ECV), and T2 were measured. Myocardial strain was evaluated by feature tracking.Statistical TestsStudent's t‐ or Mann–Whitney U‐test. Spearman correlation analysis.ResultsThe myocardial edema rate (2.6 ± 0.7 vs. 1.6 ± 0.2, P < 0.001) and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) mass (16.5 [11.7, 41.7] vs. 6.9 [2.2, 15.8] g, P < 0.001) were significantly increased in FM patients when compared to the NFAM group. LGE in the FM group was predominantly located in the septal wall, and 38% of the patients showed a diffuse LGE pattern. Native T1, ECV, and T2 values in the FM group were significantly more elevated than those with NFAM, while global peak radial, circumferential, and longitudinal strain values were significantly reduced (all P < 0.001). Circumferential strain showed the strongest correlations with ECV (r = 0.72, P < 0.001).Data ConclusionPatients with FM showed significant differences in LGE patterns, increased edema, and decreased strain measurements compared to those with NFAM. Circumferential strain showed significant associations with quantitative cardiac MRI parameters of myocardial inflammation.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:930–938.
A New Method to Evaluate the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Domestic Laundry Detergents
Authors: Schages Jan , Stamminger Rainer , Bockmühl Dirk P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDuring the last decades, the strive for energy efficiency lead to lower washing temperatures in laundering processes. In this regard, there is a rising need to measure the antimicrobial action of laundry detergents and additives, since chemistry must be considered an important means to compensate for the loss of temperature. Although there is an existing standard method (EN 16616) to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of detergents for the medical area, this method does not reflect the domestic situation and neglects important steps, such as the rinse cycles. Hence, we developed an experimental setup, which represents the whole washing process and reflects the domestic situation by using a household‐related setting. The suggested method uses a lab‐scale washing machine, which does not only allow to test products that can be applied throughout the whole laundering process (including the rinse steps) but also proved to be able to show the impact of different parameters (e.g., detergent ingredient or different types of textiles) in a very systematic manner.
Contribution of Sonoelastography to Diagnosis in Distinguishing Benign and Malignant Breast Masses
Authors: Yıldız Mehmet Sıddık , Goya Cemil , Adin Mehmet Emin 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of strain index measurements and a 5‐point scoring method to diagnostic accuracy in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant solid breast masses and to compare the diagnostic performances of both methods.MethodsEighty female patients were included in this study. Before biopsy, all patients underwent ultrasound (US) and sonoelastographic examinations. The elastographic images of lesions were assessed according to the 5‐point scoring method, and then elasticity scores were determined. Strain values of the masses and subcutaneous adipose tissue were measured. The diagnostic efficacies of B‐mode US, sonoelastographic 5‐point scoring, and strain index methods were compared with histopathologic findings.ResultsThe mean age of the patients ± SD was 42 ± 13 years (range, 14–81 years). In histopathologic evaluations, 59 (74%) lesions were diagnosed as benign, and 21 (26%) were diagnosed as malignant. The mean strain index values were 10.45 ± 7.04 (range, 3.4–25.1) in malignant lesions and 2.88 ± 2.5 (range, 0.5–19.81) in benign lesions. The mean strain index for malignant lesions was significantly higher than that for benign lesions (P < .05). The highest sensitivity was found for B‐mode US, and the highest specificity was found for the strain index. The diagnostic performance of the strain index was higher than that of the 5‐point scoring method.ConclusionsThe addition of a sonoelastographic examination to B‐mode US prevents unnecessary biopsies. The strain index was found to be superior to the 5‐point scoring method to a limited extent.
Comparison of Recording Electrode Arrays in Endotracheal Thyroid Monitoring Tubes in a Porcine Model
Authors: Kandil Emad , Al‐Qurayshi Zaid , Randolph Gregory , Shama Mohamed , Bamford Jeremy , Kang Sang‐Wook 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesAlteration in positioning or head manipulation during thyroid surgery can lead to endotracheal tube movement and potentially a change in intraoperative neural monitoring readings. We sought to study the impact of positional changes on two different commercially available recording electrode arrays.MaterialsEight pigs divided equally into two study groups based on recording electrode arrays were used: Neurosign Lantern Laryngeal Electrode (LLE) (Neurosign_Technomed, The Netherlands) and Medtronic NIM EMG [neural integrity monitor electromyogram] endotracheal tube (ETT) (Medtronic, Jacksonville, FL). Neck movement and reposition were performed for all pigs. Signal data, including amplitude and latency, were collected for vagus nerve, recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), and external branch of superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) before and after repositioning. The differences of amplitude and latency by pre‐ and post‐repositioning were compared for all animals.ResultsEight pigs were included in the current study. ETT group (Medtronic) had a significant decrease in amplitude of all tested nerves: for the vagus nerve on the left side by 36.30% (P = .021) and on the right by 49.29% (P = .024), for RLN on the left by 30.22% (P = .014) and on the right by 42.34% (P = .004), and for EBSLN on the left by 63.62% (P = .003) and on the right by 13.58% (P = .010). The amplitude changes in LLE group (Neurosign) repositioning were not statistically significant in all nerves.ConclusionRecording electrode array configuration can impact the stability of nerve monitoring signal during thyroid surgeries. Repositioning was associated with changes in nerve signal amplitude in ETT group (Medtronic), whereas LLE (Neurosign) did not show any significant differences. Human studies are warranted.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 130:2499–2505, 2020
The Correlation Between Endolymphatic Hydrops and Clinical Features of Meniere Disease
Authors: Zhang Weidong , Hui Lian , Zhang Bo , Ren Ling , Zhu Jingyi , Wang Fei , Li Songbai 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the grades of endolymphatic hydrops determined by gadolinium‐contrast magnetic resonance (MR) and correlation to the clinical features in patients with Meniere disease.Study DesignProspective study.MethodsA total of 24 patients suffering from unilateral Meniere disease with either definite or probable clinical diagnosis were included. The duration of vertigo, duration of tinnitus, duration of vertigo attacks, hearing thresholds, and canal paresis (CP) value of caloric tests were assessed. Three‐dimensional fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed 4 hours after intravenous injection of double dose of gadobutrol (Gd) to show endolymph and perilymph, and the grades of endolymphatic hydrops were measured. Additionally, the correlation between clinical features and the grades of endolymphatic hydrops of cochlea and vestibular were evaluated.ResultsDifferent grades of the endolymphatic hydrops in the impaired ear were revealed by MRI. The Spearman correlation showed a strong correlation between the hearing thresholds of low, middle, and high tone and the grades of cochlea and vestibular hydrops (P < .05); However, no significant correlation between the duration of vertigo, duration of tinnitus, duration of vertigo attacks, CP value, and endolymphatic hydrops was determined (P > .05).ConclusionBy visualizing the endolymph and perilymph of inner ear in patients with Meniere disease assisted with intravenous injection of double doses of Gd, the grades of endolymphatic hydrops could be assessed. As a result, the grades of endolymphatic hydrops in patients with Meniere disease can be used to predict the level of hearing impairment.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E144–E150, 2021
The use of platelet‐rich plasma in treatment of olfactory dysfunction: A pilot study
Authors: Yan Carol H. , Mundy David C. , Patel Zara M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundOlfactory dysfunction is a prevalent problem with a significant impact on quality of life and increased mortality. Limited effective therapies exist. Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous biologic product with anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. This novel pilot study evaluated the role of PRP on olfactory neuroregeneration in patients with hyposmia.MethodsSeven patients who had olfactory loss greater than 6 months in duration, no evidence of sinonasal inflammatory disease, and no improvement with olfactory training and budesonide topical rinses were enrolled in this preliminary study. Patients received a single intranasal injection of PRP into the mucosa of the olfactory cleft. The Sniffin' Sticks olfactory test consisting of threshold, discrimination, and identification measurements (TDI) was administered at the beginning of the study and at 1 and 3 months.ResultsAll patients reported a subjective improvement of their smell shortly after injection but then stabilized. At 3‐month post‐treatment, two patients with functional anosmia (TDI < 16) did not improve significantly. Five patients with hyposmia (TDI > 16 but <30) showed an improvement with 60% achieving normosmia (TDI > 30) at 3‐month follow‐up. On average, patients with baseline TDI > 16 improved by 5.85 points with the most significant improvement in the threshold subcomponent. There were no adverse outcomes from intranasal PRP injections.ConclusionPRP appears safe for use in the treatment of olfactory loss, and preliminary data suggest possible efficacy, especially for those with moderate yet persistent loss. Further studies will help determine optimal frequency and duration of use.Level of evidence: 2B