bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pain in Brazilian people experiencing homelessness
Authors: de Campos Ariane Graça , da Silva Victor Elivane , Seeley Molly , Leão Eliseth Ribeiro 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background:
Previous studies conducted in developed countries have shown that homeless people experience a high rate of pain. In this population, pain is not only underdiagnosed but is also undertreated. In Brazil, the pain of people experiencing homelessness is unknown and this is the first study on this subject in the country.

Objective:
To assess and characterize the prevalence of pain in homeless people living on the streets in the center of São Paulo, Brazil, and to understand its implications to general activities according to the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) questionnaire.

Method:
This is a descriptive-exploratory cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach conducted with 69 homeless people from the central region of São Paulo, Brazil. The data were captured as protected health information and analyzed with a sociodemographic form, the BPI questionnaire, the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), and the Wong–Baker Face Scale.

Results:
The sample consisted mainly of men who spend the night on the streets, of black and miscegenated Brazilian people, with a mean age of 51 years. This population lived an average of 12 years on the streets, presented low levels of education, and used psychoactive substances. We observed a prevalence of severe musculoskeletal pain in the spine, with intermittent activity and duration of several days. The most common self-reported worsening factor was body movement and the most common factor of improvement was use of medication, but only 15% reported pain relief. Pain greatly interfered with all BPI's Activities of Daily Living, in particular with sleep (87.2%). The MPQ was difficult for the subjects to understand. There was no evidence of an association between pain and sex. Our results suggest that the longer the time living on the street, the less pain symptoms are acknowledged by the subjects, due to the accommodation phenomenon.
Digital Occlusion Setup Is Quantitatively Comparable With the Conventional Dental Model Approach
Authors: Seo Hyung Joon , Denadai Rafael , Pai Betty Chien-Jung , Lo Lun-Jou 
Published: December 2019

Background
The evolving 3-dimensional computer-based technology revolutionized the field of orthognathic surgery (OGS). Digital occlusion setup for OGS may provide advantages in the planning comparing with the conventional approach based on the manual setup using dental casts, but we are not aware of any study focusing on digital occlusion setup for cleft OGS. The purposes of this study were to compare the conventional and digital occlusion setup approaches and to propose a protocol for digital occlusion setup in unilateral cleft OGS.

Methods
Thirty consecutive patients with unilateral cleft lip/palate who underwent orthodontic treatment by a single orthodontist and 2-jaw OGS by a single surgeon using 3-dimensional surgical simulation were adopted for analysis. Quantitative data were collected from the dental cast occlusion setup approach (conventional group). A multidisciplinary team combined this quantitative data and established a protocol for digital occlusion setup in cleft OGS. Digital occlusions were set according to this protocol using the images of the 30 patients, and quantitative data were collected accordingly (digital group). The results of 2 groups were compared. All information was reviewed to refine the protocol and define the final guidelines.

Results
There were no significant differences (all P > 0.05) for all parameters, except midline discrepancy (conventional group > digital group, P < 0.001). The root-mean-square deviation (0.46 ± 0.26 mm) indicated acceptable relationship between the conventional and digital groups. A 6-step protocol for digital occlusion setup in cleft OGS was established: dental midline, overjet/overbite, yaw rotation, pitch rotation, roll rotation, and overall facial skeletal appearance.

Conclusions
This study shows that digital occlusion setup is quantitatively comparable with the conventional dental model approach and contributes for cleft OGS by establishing a protocol for surgical occlusion setup using digital approach.
Virtual Surgical Planning for Successful Second-Stage Mandibular Defect Reconstruction Using Vascularized Iliac Crest Bone Flap
Authors: Li Yusang , Shao Zhe , Zhu Yuxi , Liu Bing , Wu Tianfu 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
Second-stage reconstruction of mandibular defects faces problems of anatomic disorder and bone displacement due to tumor resection. As a newer technique, virtual surgical planning (VSP) may help to increase the accuracy and efficiency of the complicated reconstruction. This study aims to evaluate the application of VSP and splint-guided surgery in second-stage mandibular reconstruction using vascularized iliac crest bone flap.

Methods
Between October 2016 and February 2018, 5 patients (3 men and 2 women) with mandibular defects of duration between 8 months and 8 years underwent VSP-aided secondary reconstruction in the School and Hospital of Stomatology of Wuhan University (Wuhan, China). Virtual surgical planning was performed and serial guiding splints were printed to replicate the design into the actual operation. The linear and 3-dimensional deviations after surgery were analyzed. Patient complications and feedback were recorded during follow up.

Results
All 5 patients underwent successful reconstruction using vascularized iliac crest bone flap. No serious donor sites or recipient site complications were observed after 10- to 28-month follow-up. In comparison with the presurgery designs, the linear deviations in coronal plane were 2.7 ± 0.4 mm (range, −2.2 to 3.9 mm) in measurements from the condylar head to the condylar head and 0.70 ± 0.6 mm (range, −0.1 to 1.7 mm) from the gonial angle to the gonial angle, and that in sagittal plane was 2.4 ± 0.88 mm (range, −3 to 4.4 mm) from the anterior inferior mandibular border to the center point on the condylar head to the condylar head line. The whole 3-dimensional deviation was 1.2 ± 1.7 mm in all patients.

Conclusion
Well-designed splints can assist in precise mandibular reconstruction with high efficiency and accuracy, and thus are a reliable method for complicated second-stage mandibular reconstruction. However, to achieve a better outcome, a satisfactory design is required to adapt the complicated and varied defect.
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and L-Arginine Optimizes Nitric Oxide Bioavailability in Ischemic Tissues Under Diabetes Mellitus Type 1
Authors: Gazyakan Emre , Hirche Christoph , Reichenberger Matthias A. , Germann Günter , Roth Christian , Engel Holger 
Published: December 2019

Background
The mechanisms influencing the balance of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability in tissues are negatively affected under diabetic and also under ischemic conditions. Free tissue transplantation for diabetic patients has to deal with both ischemic and diabetic circumstances, which lead to a significantly decrease in providing NO, thus increasing ischemia-reperfusion injury. In previous studies, we could prove that enhancing NO bioavailability leads to attenuated ischemia-reperfusion injury macrocirculatory and microcirculatory alterations in healthy and also in diabetes type 2 rats. This study is evaluating the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase in different dosages and l-arginine under diabetes type 1 conditions.

Methods
Diabetic type 1 conditions were established via streptozotocin over a period of 4 weeks and verified via blood sugar, insulin, and C-peptide levels. Vascular pedicle isolated rat skin flap model that underwent 3 hours of ischemia was used. At 30 minutes before ischemia, normal saline, inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) (1/2 IE), and l-arginine (50 mg/kg body weight) were administered systemically. Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced alterations were measured 5 days after the operation.

Results
The inducible NOS (iNOS) attenuated I/R-induced alterations under diabetic type 1 conditions significantly with vitality rates of 16.1% compared with control group (5.5%). Best results could be achieved with the combination of iNOS (1 IE) and l-arginine displaying vitality rates of 43%. Increased dosage of inducible nitric oxide (2 IE) led to decreased vitality rates (22.2%/27.4% without/with l-arginine).

Conclusions
Supporting the mechanisms of NO bioavailability via exogenous application of iNOS and l-arginine significantly attenuated I/R-induced alterations in a skin flap rat model. This pharmacologic preconditioning could be an easy and effective interventional strategy to uphold conversation of l-arginine to NO even on ischemic and type 1 diabetic conditions.
Rheinheimera sediminis sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from coastal sediment
Authors: Yu Qunfang , Qi Yanxiang , Zhang He , Pu Jinji 
Published: December 2019

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain YQF-1T, was isolated from coastal sediment in Jiangsu Province (PR China) and characterized phylogenetically and phenotypically. Bacterial optimal growth occurred at 28 °C (range 4–40 °C) and pH 7 (range pH 6–11). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that YQF-1T was related to members of the genus

Rheinheimera

and shared the highest sequence identities with

Rheinheimera mesophila

DSM 29723T (98.5 %), followed by

Rheinheimera tangshanensis

DSM 19460T (98.4 %),

Rheinheimera tilapiae

Ruye-90T (97.9 %),

Rheinheimera soli

BD-d46T (97.9 %),

Rheinheimera aquatica

GR5T (97.4 %),

Rheinheimera coerulea

TAPG2T (97.3 %) and

Rheinheimera texasensis

A62-14BT (97.1 %). The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities between YQF-1T and other members of the genus

Rheinheimera

were below 97.0 %. The digital DNA–DNA hybridization value between YQF-1T and

Rheinheimera mesophila

DSM 29723T was 25.1±2.3 %. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) value between YQF-1T and

Rheinheimera mesophila

DSM 29723T was 81.4 %. The major respiratory quinone was Q-8. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids and three unidentified lipids. The strain had summed feature 8 (C18 : 1
ω7c and/or C18 : 1
ω6c), C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1
ω7c and/or C16 : 1
ω6c), iso-C15 : 0, and anteiso-C17 : 1
ω9c as the major fatty acids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 46.2 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic evidence, strain YQF-1T represents a novel species of the genus

Rheinheimera

, for which the name Rheinheimera sediminis sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain YQF-1T (=KCTC 72183T=MCCC 1K03646T).
Defining multiple sclerosis subtypes using machine learning
Authors: Eshaghi Arman , Young Alexandra , Wijertane Peter , Prados Ferran , Arnold Douglas L. , Narayanan Sridar , Guttmann Charles R. G. , Barkhof Frederik , Alexander Daniel C , Thompson Alan J , Chard Declan , Ciccarelli Olga 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is subdivided into four phenotypes on the basis of medical history and clinical symptoms. These phenotypes are defined retrospectively and lack clear pathobiological underpinning. Since Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) better reflects disease pathology than clinical symptoms, we aimed to explore MRI-driven subtypes of MS based on pathological changes visible on MRI using unsupervised machine learning. In separate train and external validation sets we looked at a total of 21,170 patient-years of data from 15 randomised controlled trials and three observational cohorts to explore MRI-driven subtypes and test whether these subtypes had differential clinical outcomes. We processed MRI data to obtain measures of brain volumes, lesion volumes, and normal appearing white matter T1/T2. We identified three MRI-driven subtypes who were similar in how they accumulated MRI abnormality. Based on the earliest abnormalities suggested by our model they were called: cortex-led, normal appearing white matter-led, and lesion-led subtypes. In the external validation datasets, the lesion-led subtype showed a faster disability progression and higher disease activity than the cortex-led subtype. In all datasets, MRI-driven subtypes were associated with disability progression (βSubtype=0.04, p=0.02; βStage=-0.06, p<0.001), whilst clinical phenotypes and baseline disability were not. Only the lesion-led subtype showed a significant treatment response in three progressive multiple sclerosis randomised controlled trials (−66%, p=0.009) and in three relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis trials (−89%, p=0.04). Our results show that MRI-driven subtyping using machine learning can prospectively enrich clinical trials with patients who are most likely to respond to treatments.
Evaluation of Prognostic Utility of Tumor Mutation Burden for NSCLC response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy: A Single Institute Study
Authors: Clemenceau Jean R. , Lee Sung Hak , Bazeley Peter , Millinovich Alex , Jin Jian , Pennell Nathan , Sohal Davendra , Hwang Tae Hyun 
Published: December 2019

IMPORTANCEThe role of Tumor Mutation Burden (TMB) as a prognostic and/or predictive biomarker for Immune Checkpoint Blockade (ICB) therapy in a real-world clinical setting is still unclear.OBJECTIVETo assess whether TMB status provided by a clinically and commercially available tumor genomic profiling (TGP) assay is associated with overall survival of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with ICB from a single institute.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSOutcomes and genetic testing data were collected for 188 NSCLC patients treated within the Cleveland Clinic system between August 2012 and July 2017.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESOverall survival (OS) from time receiving ICB therapy.RESULTSAmong 188 patients with NSCLC (median age, 62 years; 49.5% female), 86 (45.7%) received ICB therapy. Patients were grouped into three categories based on the status of TMB (in mutations/Mb): high (>= 20/Mb), intermediate (>=5 to <= 20/Mb), and low (<5/Mb). In patients treated with ICB, TMB high status was not significantly associated with improved OS from therapy initiation (HR: 0.90 [95% CI, 0.52-2.49, P>0.8], median OS difference: 9.7 months).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEAmong patients with NSCLC from a single institute in a longitudinal database of clinical data including TGP results, exploratory analyses do not show statistical significance for the prognostic utility of TMB. These findings indicate that there is a need for more prospective data on the use of TMB status as a guide for ICB therapy in a routine care setting.
Comparison of DNA extraction methods for non-marine molluscs: Is modified CTAB DNA extraction method more efficient than DNA extraction kits?
Authors: Chakraborty Sudeshna , Saha Anwesha , Aravind N.A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIsolation of high molecular weight DNA from gastropod molluscs and its subsequent PCR amplification is considered difficult due to excessive mucopolysaccharides secretion which co-precipitate with DNA and obstruct successful amplification. In an attempt to address this issue, we describe a modified CTAB DNA extraction method that proved to work significantly better with a number of freshwater and terrestrial gastropod taxa. We compared the performance of this method with Qiagen® DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit. Reproducibility of amplification was verified using a set of taxon-specific primers wherein, modified CTAB extracted DNA could be replicated at least four out of five times but kit extracted DNA could not be replicated. Additionally, sequence quality was significantly better with CTAB extracted DNA. This could be attributed to the removal of polyphenolic compounds by polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) which is the only difference between conventional and modified CTAB DNA extraction methods for animals. The genomic DNA isolated using modified CTAB protocol was of high quality (A260/280 ≥ 1.80) and could be used for downstream reactions even after long term storage (more than two years).
Condition dependent strategies of egg size variation in the Common EiderSomateria mollissima
Authors: Christensen Thomas Kjær , Balsby Thorsten Johannes Skovbjerg 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe analysed intraclutch egg-size variation in relation to clutch size and to female body condition in the Common EiderSomateria mollissimaduring an 8-year period. The aim was to assess if eiders adaptively adjusted egg size within the laying sequence in response to different clutch sizes, which potentially could optimise reproductive success through a size advantage in hatchlings. The analyses were performed on both population and individual level using data from recaptured females that changed clutch size between seasons. Based on 1,099 clutches from 812 individual females, population clutch size averaged 4.13 eggs (range: 1-6), with marked annual variation in the dominance of 4- and 5-egg clutches, which constitutedc.70% of all clutches. Clutch size was positively related to female pre-laying body condition at both the population and individual level. Egg size varied significantly within and between clutch sizes and changes were significantly related to the laying sequence. First eggs were significantly larger in 4-egg clutches and second eggs smaller (marginally insignificant) than in 5-egg clutches, a pattern also found among individual females changing clutch size between seasons. The relationship between female pre-laying body condition, clutch size and the intraclutch egg-size pattern indicates that both clutch size and egg size is actively adapted to the pre-breeding body condition of the female. We suggest that the observed pattern of intraclutch egg-size variation reflects a finely tuned conditional dependent mechanisms that enable females in a suboptimal condition to optimize reproductive output.
Involvement in family planning service utilization and associated factors among married men at Debre Tabor Town Northwest, Ethiopia, 2017
Authors: Demissie Tadesse Wuletaw , Nigatu Arya Mesfin , Tegegne Enatinesh Mesfin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundMen’s involvement in family planning can be either as a user of male contraceptive methods and or supportive partner of female users.It is very important to improve women’s health in particular and reproductive health in general. In some developing countries, levels of communication on this issue are low for decision-making. Communication and discussion positively affect contraceptive uptake and continued use, whereas failure to communicate limits couples’ effective and sustained contraceptive use. Unmet need for FP suggested that unwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortion are the main causes of maternal mortality in Ethiopia.ObjectiveTo assess men’s involvement in family planning service and associated factors among married men at Debre Tabor Town, Northwest Ethiopia.MethodsA community based cross-sectional study design was conducted from April to June. 2017 at Debre Tabor Town. Simple random sampling method was recruited then systematic sampling technique was used to include 382 married males. Data were collected by face to face interview using a structured questionnaire. The data were entered into epi. Info 7 and descriptive statistics were analyzed using SPSS version 21 statistical software package.ResultFrom three hundred eighty-two participants, 373 participants with 97.6% response rate participated in the study. The age range of the participant was from20 to 65years, the mean age was 38.6 with the standard deviation of 7.8. Majority of the participants were orthodox 358(96%). One hundred twenty-four (33.2%) were greater than secondary education and from the occupation, farmers took the least rank 4 (2.4%). The magnitude of male involvement in family planning was 254(68.1%), 370 (99 .2%) of the participants had information on different family planning methods. Adjusting all other factors for the last model, educational status AOR [95%CI] = 2.39 [1.084, 5.260], source of information information AOR [95%CI] =1.88 [1.016, 3.485], men’s approval AOR [95%CI] = 0.07 [0.036, 0.134], ever used contraceptive AOR [95%CI] = 0.21[0.064, 0.705] were found to be associated with men’s involvement.ConclusionThe level of male involvement was moderate, but their actual utilization is low.
HeALTH: An Automated Platform for Long-term Longitudinal Studies of Whole Organisms under Precise Environmental Control
Authors: Le Kim N. , Zhan Mei , Cho Yongmin , Wan Jason , Patel Dhaval S. , Lu Hang 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTHealth and longevity in all organisms are strongly influenced by the environment. To fully understand how environmental factors interact with genetic and stochastic factors to modulate the aging process, it is crucial to precisely control environmental conditions for long-term studies. In the commonly used model organismCaenorhabditis elegans, existing assays for healthspan and lifespan have inherent limitations, making it difficult to perform large-scale, longitudinal aging studies under precise environmental control. To address this constraint, we developed the Health and Lifespan Testing Hub (HeALTH), an automated, microfluidic-based system for robust, long-term, longitudinal behavioral monitoring. Our system provides spatiotemporal environmental control. We demonstrate health and lifespan studies under a variety of genetic and environmental perturbations while observing how individuality plays a role in the aging process. This system is generalizable beyond aging research forC. elegans, particularly for short- or long-term behavioral assays, and is also possible to be adapted for other model systems.
Towards a conceptual framework for sustainable business models in the food and beverage industry
Authors: Dressler Marc , Paunović Ivan 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to empirically derive a typology of sustainable business models in the food & beverage (F&B) industry and explore the competitive profiling via sustainability.Design/methodology/approachPrimary data were collected through an online survey for small- and medium-sized wineries (N=125). A principal component analysis (PCA) was used for inducing the F&B sustainable business model typology as an empirical basis for building a conceptual framework.FindingsThe analysis has identified seven strategic business models of the German wineries in regards to sustainability. Three models are at the forefront of sustainability, two are characterized by managerial focus on social opportunities and innovation and two of the identified business models are characterized by an administrative approach to social and environmental requirements and therefore rather rudimentary approaches to sustainability.Research limitations/implicationsMain limitations of the study are the focus on wine industry as well as on one country. Furthermore, the deployment of PCA method does not safeguard from neglecting other relevant business models.Practical implicationsSuccessful business models allow to differentiate in competitive markets in the F&B industry via sustainability. Such models need strategic ambition, positioning and realization but allow to win new clients safeguarding from market squeeze out.Social implicationsThe research facilitates scaling up of sustainability initiatives to the benefit of the wider society.Originality/valueBusiness model typology for sustainability has been derived mainly conceptually. The empirically based typology of sustainable business models provides a more rigorous foundation for a transition of business models toward sustainability.