bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiotherapy in Early-stage Gastric MALT
Authors: De Leo Alexandra N. , Bates James E. , Lockney Natalie A. , Mendenhall Nancy P. , Shaikh Marwan E. , Morris Christopher G. , Hoppe Bradford S. 
Published: August 2020

Purpose:
Radiotherapy (RT) is an effective treatment for localized gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas unresponsive to antibiotic therapy; however, irradiating the stomach can result in significant radiation to the heart, a risk factor for cardiac disease. We analyzed the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database to evaluate outcomes related to cardiac disease among patients treated with RT for stage I gastric MALT.

Materials and Methods:
We identified adult patients treated between 1993 and 2014. The relationship between treatment modality (RT, chemotherapy, combination, and no treatment) and overall survival (OS), mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-specific survival (MSS), non-mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-specific survival (non-MSS), and cardiac-specific survival (CSS) was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier estimator and Cox proportional hazards analyses.

Results:
A total of 2996 patients (median follow-up, 5.6 y) were analyzed: 27.5% had received RT alone, 12.1% chemotherapy alone, 3.9% chemoradiotherapy, and 56.5% no/unknown treatment (including antibiotic therapy). Compared with RT alone, patients who received chemotherapy alone exhibited worse OS (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.67; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.32-2.10; P<0.001) and MSS (HR: 2.10; 95% CI: 1.36-3.23; P=0.001). Although CSS appeared worse in patients who received chemotherapy (HR: 1.56; 95% CI: 0.92-2.66; P=0.10), it was not statistically significant. When comparing orbital and gastric MALT patients, there was no significant difference in CSS (HR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.49-1.31; P=0.38).

Conclusions:
RT improved survival among patients with stage I gastric MALT without increasing the risk of cardiac death. Those with gastric MALT exhibited similar CSS to those with orbital MALT. Although we cannot analyze nonfatal cardiac toxicity, these results suggest that, absent antibiotic therapy, RT should remain first-line treatment for early-stage gastric MALT.
What Is the Difference in Cranial Base Morphology in Isolated and Syndromic Bicoronal Synostosis?
Authors: Lu Xiaona , Forte Antonio Jorge , Wilson Alexander T. , Park Kitae Eric , Allam Omar , Mozaffari Mohammad Ali , Alperovich Michael , Steinbacher Derek M. , Alonso Nivaldo , Persing John A. 
Published: August 2020

Background:
The association of isolated craniosynostosis and the influence of syndromic forms confound the understanding of craniofacial morphologic development. This study attempts to clarify the individual influences of isolated bicoronal synostosis, Apert syndrome, and Crouzon syndromes on skull base morphology.

Methods::
One hundred seventeen computed tomographic scans were included (nonsyndromic bicoronal synostosis, n = 36; Apert syndrome with bicoronal synostosis, n = 25; Crouzon syndrome with bicoronal synostosis, n = 11; controls, n = 45). Cephalometric measurements were analyzed using Materialise software.

Results:
Nonsyndromic bicoronal synostosis patients developed a shortened cranial base length, with a significantly shortened distance between nasion and sella (p = 0.005). The cranial base angles of nonsyndromic bicoronal synostosis in both the cranial side (N-S-BA) and facial side (N-SO-BA) increased significantly, by 17.04 degrees (p < 0.001) and 11.75 degrees (p < 0.001), respectively. However, both the N-S-BA and N-SO-BA angles of Apert syndrome and Crouzon syndrome were narrowed more than that of nonsyndromic bicoronal synostosis [by 12.11 degrees (p < 0.001) and 12.44 degrees (p < 0.001), respectively, in Apert syndrome; and by 11.66 degrees (p = 0.007) and 13.71 degrees (p = 0.007), respectively, in Crouzon syndrome]. However, there is no statistically significant difference of these two angles between Apert syndrome and Crouzon syndrome, when they were only associated with bicoronal synostosis. Contrary to the relatively normal subcranial space of nonsyndromic bicoronal synostosis, both Apert and Crouzon syndromes developed a reduced subcranial space.

Conclusions:
Isolated bicoronal synostosis resulted in a flattened cranial base, whereas Apert syndrome and Crouzon syndrome developed a normal cranial base angle when only associated with bicoronal synostosis. The syndromic skulls had additional significantly reduced subcranial space.
The Potential Role of Smart Infusion Devices in Preventing or Contributing to Medication Administration Errors: A Descriptive Study of 2 Data Sets
Authors: Jani Yogini H. , Chumbley Gillian M. , Furniss Dominic , Blandford Ann , Franklin Bryony 
Published: August 2020

Objectives
Errors in medication administration are common, with many interventions suggested to reduce them. For intravenous infusion–related errors, “smart infusion devices” incorporating dose error reduction software are widely advocated. Our aim was to explore the role of smart infusion devices in preventing or contributing to medication administration errors using retrospective review of 2 complementary data sets that collectively included a wide range of errors with different levels of actual or potential harm.

Methods
We reviewed 216 medication administration errors identified from an observational study in clinical practice and 123 medication incidents involving infusion devices reported to a national reporting system. The impact of smart infusion devices in preventing or contributing to these errors was assessed by the research team and an expert panel.

Results
The data suggest that use of any infusion device rather than gravitational administration may have prevented 13% of observed errors and 8% of reported incidents; additional reductions may be possible with standalone smart infusion devices, and further potential reductions with smart infusion devices integrated with electronic prescribing and barcode administration systems. An estimated 52% to 73% of errors that occurred with traditional infusion pumps could be prevented with such integrated smart infusion devices. In the few cases where smart infusion devices were used, these contributed to errors in 2 of 58 observed errors and 7 of 8 reported incidents.

Conclusions
Smart infusion devices not only prevent some medication administration errors but can also contribute to them. Further evaluation of such systems is required to make recommendations for policy and practice.
Computed Tomography Radiomics Can Predict Disease Severity and Outcome in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia
Authors: Homayounieh Fatemeh , Babaei Rosa , Karimi Mobin Hadi , Arru Chiara D. , Sharifian Maedeh , Mohseni Iman , Zhang Eric , Digumarthy Subba R. , Kalra Mannudeep K. 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
This study aimed to assess if computed tomography (CT) radiomics can predict the severity and outcome of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia.

Methods
This institutional ethical board–approved study included 92 patients (mean age, 59 ± 17 years; 57 men, 35 women) with positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay for COVID-19 infection who underwent noncontrast chest CT. Two radiologists evaluated all chest CT examinations and recorded opacity type, distribution, and extent of lobar involvement. Information on symptom duration before hospital admission, the period of hospital admission, presence of comorbid conditions, laboratory data, and outcomes (recovery or death) was obtained from the medical records. The entire lung volume was segmented on thin-section Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine images to derive whole-lung radiomics. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression with receiver operator characteristic area under the curve (AUC) as the output.

Results
Computed tomography radiomics (AUC, 0.99) outperformed clinical variables (AUC, 0.89) for prediction of the extent of pulmonary opacities related to COVID-19 pneumonia. Type of pulmonary opacities could be predicted with CT radiomics (AUC, 0.77) but not with clinical or laboratory data (AUC, <0.56; P > 0.05). Prediction of patient outcome with radiomics (AUC, 0.85) improved to an AUC of 0.90 with the addition of clinical variables (patient age and duration of presenting symptoms before admission). Among clinical variables, the combination of peripheral capillary oxygen saturation on hospital admission, duration of symptoms, platelet counts, and patient age provided an AUC of 0.81 for predicting patient outcomes.

Conclusions
Radiomics from noncontrast CT reliably predict disease severity (AUC, 0.99) and outcome (AUC, 0.85) in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
The First Dorsal Metacarpal Artery Free Flap for Salvage of Nasal Reconstructions
Authors: Walton Robert L. , Harris Emily A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The first dorsal metacarpal artery free flap is widely known for its use as a pedicled flap in thumb and hand reconstruction; however, its potential for use as a free flap is less well known. We previously described successful use of the first dorsal metacarpal artery free flap for salvage of a subtotal nasal reconstruction. In this retrospective study, we have expanded our experience to 7 consecutive cases in which a FDMFF was utilized to salvage a nasal reconstruction. Single island flaps were used in 6 of 7 cases, in one case a double island configuration was utilized. Sites restored included the columella (5 patients), membranous septum (1 patient), and nasal sidewall (1 patient). Vascular repairs were to the angular artery and vein (2 patients) or the vascular pedicle of a prior free flap (5 patients). There were no flap failures or major complications. The dorsal hand donor sites were uniformly closed using full-thickness skin grafts. All of the salvage nasal reconstructions were brought to a successful completion. Donor site morbidity was minimal with no compromise in hand function noted. Owing to its thinness, consistent anatomy, ease of harvest, and minimal donor site morbidity, the FDMFF has proved to be a very useful flap for restoration of small, but critical, nasal defects arising during the course of nasal reconstruction.
Characterization of φEf-vB1 prophage infecting oral Enterococcus faecalis and enhancing bacterial biofilm formation
Authors: Askora Ahmed , El-Telbany Mohamed , El-Didamony Gamal , Ariny Eman , Askoura Momen 
Published: August 2020

Introduction.Enterococcus faecalisis a facultative, anaerobic, opportunistic pathogen associated with medical and dental diseases. Bacterial phenotypic traits and pathogenesis are often influenced by lysogeny.Aim.The aim of this study was to characterize both the morphology and complete genome sequences of induced prophages puriﬁed fromE. faecalisclinical isolates.Methodology.E. faecalisisolates were recovered from the roots of teeth of patients attending an endodontic clinic. The morphological features of isolated phage were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). DNA sequencing was performed using the Illumina MiSeq platform.Results.TEM indicated that the isolated φEf-vB1 prophage belongs to the familySiphoviridae. The φEf-vB1 prophage was stable over a wide range of temperatures and pH. Sequencing of φEf-vB1 DNA revealed that the phage genome is 37 561 bp in length with a G+C content of 37.6mol% and contained 53 ORFs. Comparison with previously predicted prophage genomes usingblastrevealed that φEf-vB1 has a high sequence similarity to previously characterized phage genomes. The lysogenicE. faecalisstrain exhibited a higher biofilm formation capacity relative to the non-lysogenic strain.Conclusion.The current findings highlight the role of lysogeny in modification ofE. faecalisproperties and reveal the potential importance of prophages inE. faecalisbiology and pathogenesis.
Thymidine starvation promotes c-di-AMP dependent inflammation during infection
Authors: Tang Qing , Precit Mimi R. , Thomason Maureen K. , Ahmed-Qadri Fariha , McFarland Adelle P. , Wolter Daniel J. , Hoffman Lucas R. , Woodward Joshua J. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryAntibiotics remain one of the most effective methods for controlling bacterial infection. However, the diverse impacts of antimicrobials on bacterial physiology and host immunity remain unclear. A comprehensive antibiotic screen revealed that disruption of thymidine synthesis in Firmicutes with anti-folate antibiotics promoted elevated levels of the bacterial second messenger cyclic di-AMP, and consequently induced host STING activation during infection. Extensive exposure to antibiotics targeting folate synthesis drives the emergence of thymidine-dependentStaphylococcus aureusSCVs (TD-SCVs). Respiratory infections with TD-SCVs are common among children with cystic fibrosis and are associated with worse clinical outcomes, although the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain to be defined. Our study reveals that TD-SCV isolates exhibited excessive c-di-AMP production and STING activation in a thymidine-dependent manner. Murine lung infection with TD-SCVs revealed STING-dependent elevation of proinflammatory cytokines, leading to higher airway neutrophil infiltration and activation comparing to normal colonyS. aureusand hemin-dependent SCV. Our results suggest the elevated inflammatory capacity of TD-SCVs contribute to their pathogenesis and revealed a new aspect of STING signaling in the airway by characterizing its role in neutrophil recruitment.
The inhaled steroid ciclesonide blocks SARS-CoV-2 RNA replication by targeting viral replication-transcription complex in culture cells
Authors: Matsuyama Shutoku , Kawase Miyuki , Nao Naganori , Shirato Kazuya , Ujike Makoto , Kamitani Wataru , Shimojima Masayuki , Fukushi Shuetsu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe screened steroid compounds to obtain a drug expected to block host inflammatory responses and MERS-CoV replication. Ciclesonide, an inhaled corticosteroid, suppressed replication of MERS-CoV and other coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, the cause of COVID-19, in cultured cells. The effective concentration (EC90) of ciclesonide for SARS-CoV-2 in differentiated human bronchial tracheal epithelial cells was 0.55 μM. Ciclesonide inhibited formation of double membrane vesicles, which anchor the viral replication-transcription complex in cells. Eight consecutive passages of 43 SARS-CoV-2 isolates in the presence of ciclesonide generated 15 resistant mutants harboring single amino acid substitutions in non-structural protein 3 (nsp3) or nsp4. Of note, ciclesonide still suppressed replication of all these mutants by 90% or more, suggesting that these mutants cannot completely overcome ciclesonide blockade. These observations indicate that the suppressive effect of ciclesonide on viral replication is specific to coronaviruses, highlighting it as a candidate drug for the treatment of COVID-19 patients.ImportanceThe outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, the cause of COVID-19, is ongoing. To identify the effective antiviral agents to combat the disease is urgently needed. In the present study, we found that an inhaled corticosteroid, ciclesonide suppresses replication of coronaviruses, including beta-coronaviruses (MHV-2, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2) and an alpha-coronavirus (HCoV-229E) in cultured cells. The inhaled ciclesonide is safe; indeed, it can be administered to infants at high concentrations. Thus, ciclesonide is expected to be a broad-spectrum antiviral drug that is effective against many members of the coronavirus family. It could be prescribed for the treatment of MERS, and COVID-19.
Current and emerging polymyxin resistance diagnostics: a systematic review of established and novel detection methods
Authors: Seipei Leshaba Tumisho Mmatumelo , Mbelle Nontombi Marylucy , Sekyere John Osei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe emergence of polymyxin resistance, due to transferable mcr-genes, threatens public and animal health as there are limited therapeutic options. As polymyxin is one of the last-line antibiotics, there is a need to contain the spread of its resistance to conserve its efficacy. Herein, we describe current and emerging polymyxin resistance diagnostics to inform faster clinical diagnostic choices.MethodsA literature search in diverse databases for studies published between 2016 and 2020 was performed. English articles evaluating colistin resistance methods/diagnostics were included.ResultsScreening resulted in the inclusion of 93 journal articles. Current colistin resistance diagnostics are either phenotypic or molecular. Broth microdilution (BMD) is currently the only gold standard for determining colistin MICs (minimum inhibitory concentration).Phenotypic methods comprise of agar-based methods such as CHROMagar™ Col-APSE, SuperPolymyxin, ChromID® Colistin R, LBJMR, and LB medium; manual MIC-determiners viz., UMIC, MICRONAUT MIC-Strip (MMS), and ComASP Colistin; automated antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) systems such as BD Phoenix, MICRONAUT-S, MicroScan, Sensititre and Vitek 2; MCR-detectors such as lateral flow immunoassay (LFI) and chelator-based assays including EDTA- and DPA-based tests i.e. combined disk test (CDT), modified colistin broth-disk elution (CBDE), Colispot, and Colistin MAC test as well as biochemical colorimetric tests i.e. Rapid Polymyxin NP test and Rapid ResaPolymyxin NP test. Molecular methods only characterize mobile colistin resistance; they include PCR, LAMP, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS).ConclusionDue to the faster turnaround time (≤3h), improved sensitivity (84-100%), and specificity (93.3-100%) of the Rapid ResaPolymyxin NP test, we recommend this test for initial screening of colistin-resistant isolates. This can be followed by CBDE with EDTA or the LFI as they both have 100% sensitivity and a specificity of ≥ 94.3% for the rapid screening of mcr-genes. However, molecular assays such as LAMP and PCR may be considered in well-equipped clinical laboratories.Author summary/highlights/importancePolymyxin resistance is rapidly increasing, threatening public and veterinary healthcare.As one of the last-line antibiotics, polymyxin must be conserved by containing the spread of polymyxin resistance.Detecting colistin resistance relies on determining colistin MIC values by standard broth microdilution, which is labour-intensive with longer turnaround time (TAT).Other polymyxin resistance diagnostics have been developed to augment or replace the broth microdilution with faster TAT.Based on their respective sensitivities, specificities, TAT, skill, and cost, selected phenotypic and molecular assays are recommended for laboratories, according to their financial strengths, to enhance colistin resistance surveillance and control.
A randomized trial shows dose-frequency and genotype may determine the therapeutic efficacy of intranasal oxytocin
Authors: Kou Juan , Zhang Yingying , Zhou Feng , Sindermann Cornelia , Montag Christian , Becker Benjamin , Kendrick Keith M 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe neuropeptide oxytocin is proposed as a promising therapy for social dysfunction by modulating amygdala-mediated social-emotional behavior. Although clinical trials report some benefits of chronic treatment it is unclear whether efficacy may be influenced by dose frequency or genotype.MethodsIn a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled pharmaco-fMRI trial (150 male subjects) we investigated acute and different chronic (every day or on alternate days for 5 days) intranasal oxytocin (24IU) effects and oxytocin receptor genotype-mediated treatment sensitivity on amygdala responses to face emotions. We also investigated similar effects on resting state functional connectivity between the amygdala and prefrontal cortex.ResultsA single dose of oxytocin reduced amygdala responses to all face emotions but for threatening (fear and anger) and happy faces this effect was abolished after daily doses for 5 days but maintained by doses given every other day. The latter dose regime also enhanced associated anxious-arousal attenuation for fear faces. Oxytocin effects on reducing amygdala responses to face emotions only occurred in AA homozygotes of rs53576 and A carriers of rs2254298. The effects of oxytocin on resting state functional connectivity were not influenced by either dose-frequency or receptor genotype.ConclusionsInfrequent chronic oxytocin administration may be therapeutically most efficient and its anxiolytic neural and behavioral actions are highly genotype-dependent in males.
Sustainable Production of Camptothecin from anAlternariasp. isolated fromNothapodytes nimmoniana
Authors: Mohinudeen I. A. H. Khwajah , Kanumuri Rahul , Soujanya K. N. , Shaanker R. Uma , Rayala Suresh Kumar , Srivastava Smita 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTA total of 132 endophytic fungal strains were isolated from different plant parts (leaf, petiole, stem and bark) ofNothapodytes nimmoniana, out of which 94 were found to produce camptothecin in suspension culture.Alternaria alstroemeriae(NCIM1408) andAlternaria burnsii(NCIM1409) demonstrated camptothecin yields up to 426.7±33.6 μg/g DW and 403.3±41.6 μg/g DW, respectively, the highest reported production to date. Unlike the reported product yield attenuation in endophytes with subculture in axenic state,Alternaria burnsiiNCIM1409 could retain and sustain the production of camptothecin up to ~200 μg/g even after 12 continuous subculture cycles. The camptothecin biosynthesis inAlternaria burnsiiNCIM1409 was confirmed using13C carbon labelling (and cytotoxicity analysis on different cancer cell lines) and this strain can now be used to develop a sustainable bioprocess forin vitroproduction of camptothecin as an alternative to plant extraction.
Functional signatures in non-small-cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of sex-based differences in transcriptomic studies
Authors: Pérez-Díez Irene , Hidalgo Marta R. , Malmierca-Merlo Pablo , Farràs Rosa , de la Iglesia-Vayá María , Provencio Mariano , Romero Atocha , García-García Francisco 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhile studies have established the existence of differences in the epidemiological and clinical patterns of lung adenocarcinoma between male and female patients, we know relatively little regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying such sex-based differences. In this study, we explore said differences through a meta-analysis of transcriptomic data. We performed a meta-analysis of the functional profiling of nine public datasets that included 1,366 samples from Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases. Meta-analysis results show an enrichment of Gene Ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways related to the immune response, nucleic acid metabolism, and purinergic signaling. We discovered the overrepresentation of terms associated with the immune response, particularly with acute inflammatory response, and purinergic signaling in female lung adenocarcinoma patients, which could influence reported clinical differences. Further evaluations of the identified differential biological processes and pathways could lead to the discovery of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Our findings also emphasize the relevance of sex-specific analyses in biomedicine, which represents a crucial aspect influencing biological variability in disease.