bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age at First Alcohol Use as a Possible Risk Factor for Adolescent Acute Alcohol Intoxication Hospital Admission in the Netherlands
Authors: de Veld Loes , van Hoof Joris J. , Ouwehand Sabine , van der Lely Nicolaas 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundThe primary objective of this study is to determine whether age at first alcohol use is a determinant for adolescent acute alcohol intoxication characteristics, such as age at first acute alcohol intoxication and blood alcohol concentration (BAC) at hospital admission. Around the world, as in the Netherlands, a key aim of alcohol policy is to postpone the age at first alcohol use. This is based on cohort studies that indicate a relationship between a younger age at first alcohol use and subsequent adult alcohol use disorders.MethodsThis study was conducted using a cohort of data comprising individuals under 18 years of age. Data were collected between 2007 and 2017 by the Dutch Pediatric Surveillance System (NSCK) in order to monitor trends in admissions for acute alcohol intoxication. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to determine the association between age at first alcohol use and acute alcohol intoxication characteristics, such as age at first acute alcohol intoxication and BAC at admission.ResultsThis study indicates that among adolescents admitted for acute alcohol intoxication, adolescents who started drinking at ≤ 14 years of age are significantly more often female, lower educated, and raised in nontraditional family structures than adolescents who started drinking between 15 and 18 years of age. Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that age at first alcohol use, corrected for covariates, significantly predicted the age at acute alcohol intoxication and BAC at admission. The association between age at first alcohol use and age at intoxication was also found to be clinically relevant.ConclusionsAlthough causation cannot be implied based on the results of these analyses, the results of this study suggest that interventions delaying the age at first alcohol use could be successful in increasing the average age that adolescents are admitted to the hospital for acute alcohol intoxication.
Prognostic value of 18F‐FDG PET parameters in patients with locally advanced non‐small cell lung cancer treated with induction chemotherapy
Authors: Lee Hee Yeon , Choi Woo Hee , Yoo Ie Ryung , Park Jae Kil , Sung Sook Whan , Kim Yeon Sil , Kang Jin‐Hyoung 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate predictive and prognostic role of metabolic parameters using [18F]‐2‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose positron emission tomography (18F‐FDG PET) in patients with locally advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with docetaxel‐platinum induction chemotherapy (IC).MethodsMedical records of 31 patients with pre‐ and post‐IC 18F‐FDG PET were reviewed. Using 18F‐FDG PET, metabolic parameters, including metabolic tumor response, adjusted peak standardized uptake values using lean body mass at baseline (pre‐SULpeak) and after IC (post‐SULpeak), and percentage change of pre‐ and post‐SULpeak (ΔSULpeak), were assessed.ResultsResponse rate (RR) was 71%, with a metabolic RR of 83.9%. Nineteen (61.3%) patients underwent surgery, R0 resection was achieved for 17 (89.5%) patients. Median relapse‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were 8.9 months (95% CI: 4.5‐12.1) and 24.1 months (95% CI: 17.1‐34.1), respectively. Post‐SULpeak < 2 was identified as a favorable prognostic factor for RFS (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.12; P = .004), while ΔSULpeak ≥60% and R0 resection were found as positive prognostic factors for OS (HR: 0.09 and 0.13; P = .011 and P = .042, respectively). Using a receiver operating characteristics curve, post‐SULpeak > 1.4 could predict recurrence with a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity of 100%.ConclusionIn patients with locally advanced NSCLC receiving IC, post‐SULpeak and ΔSULpeak showed clinical significance for survival outcome.
Gestational age, morbidity and mortality among twin births in New South Wales, Australia 2003–2014: A cohort study
Authors: Ibiebele Ibinabo , Humphries Jacob B. , Torvaldsen Siranda , Ford Jane B. , Morris Jonathan M. , Bowen Jennifer R. , Randall Deborah A. 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundEvidence suggests that the trend toward early planned births observed among singletons may be evident among twin pregnancies.AimsTo describe trends in gestational age at birth, pregnancy characteristics, neonatal morbidity and mortality among twin pregnancies.Materials and MethodsPopulation‐based data linkage study of twin births of ≥30 weeks of gestation without a major congenital anomaly born in 2003–2014 in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Linked pregnancy and birth, hospital and mortality data were used. Generalised linear regression was used to assess linear trends. Risk difference (RD) and 95% confidence intervals were estimated.ResultsAmong 28 076 eligible twin births (14 038 pregnancies), 49% of births occurred prior to 37 weeks and 69% of births were planned (pre‐labour caesarean or induction of labour). There were increases over time in the proportion of twin births at preterm gestations (30–34 weeks (RD 2.1, 95% CI 0.1, 4.0), 35–36 weeks (RD 7.5, 95% CI 5.4, 9.7)) and in the rates of planned births (pre‐labour caesarean (RD 6.4, 95% CI 4.0, 8.8), induction (RD 4.6, 95% CI 2.6, 6.6)). There was no significant change in stillbirth or neonatal death rates, but there was an increase in neonatal morbidity over the study period. Concurrently, there were increases in the prevalence of gestational diabetes; and decreases in pregnancy hypertension, assisted reproductive technology use, small‐for‐gestational age and birthweight discordance.ConclusionsGestational age at birth among twin births is decreasing and birth intervention is increasing. There are increasing rates of neonatal morbidity, but no overall change in perinatal mortality.
Imatinib, sunitinib and pazopanib: From flat‐fixed dosing towards a pharmacokinetically guided personalized dose
Authors: Westerdijk Kim , Desar Ingrid M.E. , Steeghs Neeltje , van der Graaf Winette T.A. , van Erp Nielka P. ,   on behalf of the Dutch Pharmacology and Oncology Group (DPOG)
Published: November 2019

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are anti‐cancer drugs that target tyrosine kinases, enzymes that are involved in multiple cellular processes. Currently, multiple oral TKIs have been introduced in the treatment of solid tumours, all administered in a fixed dose, although large interpatient pharmacokinetic (PK) variability is described. For imatinib, sunitinib and pazopanib exposure‐treatment outcome (efficacy and toxicity) relationships have been established and therapeutic windows have been defined, therefore dose optimization based on the measured blood concentration, called therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), can be valuable in increasing efficacy and reducing the toxicity of these drugs.In this review, an overview of the current knowledge on TDM guided individualized dosing of imatinib, sunitinib and pazopanib for the treatment of solid tumours is presented. We summarize preclinical and clinical data that have defined thresholds for efficacy and toxicity. Furthermore, PK models and factors that influence the PK of these drugs which partly explain the interpatient PK variability are summarized. Finally, pharmacological interventions that have been performed to optimize plasma concentrations are described. Based on current literature, we advise which methods should be used to optimize exposure to imatinib, sunitinib and pazopanib.
Subprime borrowers, securitization and the transmission of business cycles
Authors: Grodecka‐Messi Anna 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA growing literature (e.g., Jaffee et al. 2009, Acharya and Schnabl 2009) argues that securitization improves financial stability if the securitized assets are held by capital market participants, rather than financial intermediaries. I construct a quantitative macroeconomic model with a novel specification for mortgage‐backed securities (MBS) to evaluate this claim. My findings suggest that the existence of the securitization market stabilizes the economy under the condition that financial intermediaries do not engage in the acquisition of securitized assets. In the presence of large negative housing preference shocks, the drop in output in the first year after the shock is halved if subprime MBS are purchased by non‐financial agents rather than held by banks.
Neoadjuvant chemoradiation versus adjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the rectosigmoid junction
Authors: Salami A. C. , Obaid T. , Nweze N. J. , Deleon M. , Force L. , Gorgun E. , Wexner S. , Joshi A. R. T. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimThe optimal treatment approach for adenocarcinoma of the rectosigmoid junction remains unclear. The aim of this work was to compare outcomes of neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NCR) and adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) treatment for cancer of the rectosigmoid junction.MethodThis was a nationwide, retrospective cohort study (2004–2015) using hospital‐based cancer outcomes data (National Cancer Database). All patients who underwent resection with curative intent for locally advanced [American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Stages II and III] adenocarcinoma of the rectosigmoid junction were included. Exclusion criteria were age less than 18 or over 75 years, Charlson–Deyo score > 2, AJCC Stages I and IV and unstaged tumours. Treatment with NCR was compared with treatment with AC, the primary outcome being overall survival. Other end‐points were resection margin status, the presence of lymphovascular invasion and postoperative length of stay.ResultsA total of 2828 patients were included in this study, of whom 1701 (59.7%) received NCR. NCR was more frequently utilized in patients who were black (10.3% vs 7.6%, P < 0.05) and underwent treatment at academic institutions (37.9% vs 22.5%, P < 0.05). Treatment with NCR did not differentially influence survival following risk adjustment (hazard ratio 1.17, CI 0.98–1.40; P = 0.085). NCR was independently associated with a decreased likelihood of a positive resection margin (OR 0.44, CI 0.33–0.58; P < 0.001) and lymphovascular invasion (OR 0.51, CI 0.40–0.67; P < 0.001). However, treatment with NCR was associated with the need for prolonged hospitalization compared with AC (7.3 days vs 6.5 days; P = 0.015). The study was limited by its retrospective design, external validity and risk of tumour misclassification.ConclusionNCR currently seems to be favoured over AC for the management of locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the rectosigmoid junction. This approach may not be justified as NCR is associated with prolonged hospitalization needs without a clear survival benefit when compared with AC. Prospective studies are warranted to definitively compare outcomes of NCR and AC in this patient population.
Repeatability but no short‐term plasticity in the web architecture ofLatrodectus hesperuswestern black widow spiders (Araneae: Theridiidae)
Authors: Thompson Cory H. , Rodríguez Rafael L. , Sergi Clinton 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA spider's web is an extended phenotype and a direct product of behavior. Variation in web architecture may be the result of individual differences in genotype, environment, or experience. We analyzed variation in the web architecture of western black widow spiders,Latrodectus hesperus, by testing two hypotheses: (a) intrinsic individual differences and (b) plasticity according to experience of the site of prey capture. We used treatments manipulating the site of prey capture experienced by the spiders: sheet only, gum‐footed lines only, and alternating patterns between sheet and gum‐footed lines equally. We found considerable consistent individual variation (repeatability ofr = .56) in one web component (gum‐footed lines) and negligible plasticity in either component. We discuss our results in terms of the potential for the design of these web components to respond to selection, and of potential additional causes of variation in extended phenotypes.
Food, not friend: Tadpoles of the sandpaper frog (Lechriodus fletcheri) cannibalise conspecific eggs as a food resource in ephemeral pools
Authors: Gould John , Clulow John , Clulow Simon 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAmong the Amphibia, cannibalism is most commonly associated with tadpole species that exploit ephemeral systems. This behaviour may confer significant fitness benefits to those that cannibalise, given that these systems generally possess limited food resources, but will incur significant fitness costs to the cannibalised. Herein, we describe cannibalism of recently oviposited eggs of the sandpaper frog (Lechriodus fletcheri) by conspecific tadpoles as a likely adaptation to limited nutrient availability within highly ephemeral pools in which it is an obligate breeder. Field observations revealed L. fletcheri tadpoles actively preyed on conspecific eggs of recently oviposited spawn bodies, which were commonly consumed whole. When tadpoles were exposed to spawn for the first time in laboratory trials, they quickly engaged in extended periods of consumption, gorging themselves until they appeared to be full. We found this behaviour to be common in the field and suggest that conspecific eggs form a significant food resource for tadpoles of this species in the otherwise nutrient‐poor systems in which they breed. This feeding strategy might be common among anurans exploiting temporary aquatic systems that are nutrient‐poor and gives rise to many questions surrounding how individuals can utilise cannibalism to increase their fitness while simultaneously avoiding becoming victims of this behaviour themselves.
Predicting recruitment density dependence and intrinsic growth rate for all fishes worldwide using a data‐integrated life‐history model
Authors: Thorson James T. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFisheries scientists use biological models to determine sustainable fishing rates and forecast future dynamics. These models require both life‐history parameters (mortality, maturity, growth) and stock‐recruit parameters (juvenile production). However, there has been little research to simultaneously predict life‐history and stock‐recruit parameters. I develop the first data‐integrated life‐history model, which extends a simple model of evolutionary dynamics to field measurements of life‐history parameters as well as historical records of spawning output and subsequent recruitment. This evolutionary model predicts recruitment productivity (steepness) and variability (variance and autocorrelation in recruitment deviations) as well as mortality, maturity, growth, and size, and uses these to predict intrinsic growth rate (r) for all described fishes. The model confirms previous analysis showing little correlation between steepness and either natural mortality or asymptotic maximum size (). However, it does reveal taxonomic patterns, where family Sebastidae has lower steepness () and Salmonidae has elevated steepness () relative to the prediction for bony fishes (class Actinopterygii, ). Similarly, genus Sebastes has growth rate (0.09) approaching that of several shark families (Lamniformes: 0.02; Carcharhiniformes: 0.02). A cross‐validation experiment confirms that the model is accurate, explains a substantial portion of variance (32%–67%), but generates standard errors that are somewhat too small. Predictive intervals are tighter for species than for higher‐level organizations (e.g. families), and predictions (including intervals) are available for all fishes worldwide in R package FishLife. I conclude by outlining how multivariate predictions of life‐history and stock‐recruit parameters could be useful for stock assessment, decision theory, ensemble modelling and strategic management.
Experimental investigation on evolution of surface damage and topography parameters during rolling contact fatigue tests
Authors: Prajapati Deepak K. , Tiwari Mayank 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNowadays, micropitting is perceived as one of the prevalent wear mechanisms, which is responsible for the breakdown of high power density (power throughput/weight) machines. The current work demonstrates the evolution of surface damage and surface topography parameters during micropitting tests. The test surfaces are examined at different load stages utilizing 3D optical profiler, optical microscope, and scanning electron microscope. The effect of slide‐to‐roll ratio (SRR) on surface damage and topography parameters is also presented. It is observed that the severity of micropitting increases with an increase in the number of cycles. It is concluded that surface bearing index (Sbi), kurtosis (Sku), maximum valley height (Sv), and autocorrelation length (Sal) are positively correlated with surface damage, whereas mean summit curvature (Ssc) and skewness (Ssk) are negatively correlated with surface damage. Surface texture ratio (Str) and power spectral density (PSD) of test surfaces are used for analysing surface texture, and it is found that deterioration in surface texture occurs after 6 million cycles. It is also concluded that geometrical isotropy increases with an increase in SRR.
Research priorities set by people with OCD and OCD researchers: Do the commonalities outweigh the differences?
Authors: Kühne Franziska , Brütt Anna Levke , Otterbeck Mara Jasmin , Weck Florian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveIn contrast to research agendas being predominantly set by scientists or funders, a collaborative approach was used to spot future goals for research on obsessive‐compulsive disorder.MethodsFirst, we conducted a meta‐review and then compared the results of two online surveys with OCD professionals and patients on research priorities. The literature search was performed in three comprehensive databases, and ten research goals were extracted. Sixty‐four patients and eight professionals responded to open questions on their five most important goals. Then, they ranked the ten aims extracted from the literature on a 6‐point Likert scale.ResultsFor patients and professionals, research on treatment gains that persist long‐term was most important. Concerning the top five goals listed in an open format, for patients, development and maintenance of the disease was as important as psychotherapy and its efficacy. In contrast, for professionals, the efficacy and the optimization of psychotherapy were the far most important research goals.ConclusionsWe proposed one possibility to involve patients in OCD research, and the multitude of answers presents a wealth of research ideas.Practice ImplicationsSince consistent research involvement may contribute to its clinical impact, researchers are now invited to translate our findings into empirical studies.
Histological grading of ovarian mucinous carcinoma – an outcome‐based analysis of traditional and novel systems
Authors: Busca Aurelia , Nofech‐Mozes Sharon , Olkhov‐Mitsel Ekaterina , Gien Lilian T , Bassiouny Dina , Mirkovic Jelena , Djordjevic Bojana , Parra‐Herran Carlos 
Published: November 2019

AimsGrading of primary ovarian mucinous carcinoma (OMC) is inconsistent among practices. The International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting recommends grading OMC using the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) system for endometrial endometrioid carcinoma, when needed. The growth pattern (expansile versus infiltrative), a known prognostic variable in OMC, is not considered in any grading system. We herein analysed the prognostic value of various grading methods in a well‐annotated cohort of OMC.Methods and resultsInstitutional OMCs underwent review and grading by the Silverberg and FIGO schemes and a novel system, growth‐based grading (GBG), defined as G1 (expansile growth or infiltrative invasion in ≤10%) and G2 (infiltrative growth >10% of tumour). Of 46 OMCs included, 80% were FIGO stage I, 11% stage II and 9% stage III. On follow‐up (mean = 52 months, range = 1–190), five patients (11%) had adverse events (three recurrences and four deaths). On univariate analysis, stage (P = 0.01, Cox proportional analysis), Silverberg grade (P = 0.01), GBG grade (P = 0.001) and percentage of infiltrative growth (P < 0.001), but not FIGO grade, correlated with disease‐free survival. Log‐rank analysis showed increased survival in patients with Silverberg grade 1 versus 2 (P < 0.001) and those with GBG G1 versus G2 (P < 0.001). None of the parameters evaluated was significant on multivariate analysis (restricted due to the low number of adverse events).ConclusionsSilverberg and the new GBG system appear to be prognostically significant in OMC. Pattern‐based grading allows for a binary stratification into low‐ and high‐grade categories, which may be more appropriate for patient risk stratification. Despite current practices and recommendations to utilise FIGO grading in OMC, our study shows no prognostic significance of this system and we advise against its use.
Cr2AlC MAX phase as bond coat for thermal barrier coatings: Processing, testing under thermal gradient loading, and future challenges
Authors: Gonzalez‐Julian Jesus , Mauer Georg , Sebold Doris , Mack Daniel E. , Vassen Robert 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCr2AlC layers with thickness up to 100 µm were deposited by high‐velocity‐atmospheric plasma spray (HV‐APS) on Inconel 738 substrates to analyze the potential of MAX phases as bond coat in thermal barrier coating systems (TBCs). The deposited Cr2AlC layers showed high purity with theoretical densities up to 93%, although some secondary phases were detected after the deposition process. On top of this MAX phase layer, a porous yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) was deposited by atmospheric plasma spraying. The system was tested under realistic thermal loading conditions using a burner rig facility, achieving surface and substrate temperatures of 1400°C and 1050°C, respectively. The system failed after 745 cycles mainly for three reasons: (i) open porosity of the bond coat layer, (ii) oxidation of secondary phases, and (iii) inter‐diffusion. Nevertheless, these results show a high potential of Cr2AlC and other Al‐based MAX phases as bond coat material for high‐temperature applications. Furthermore, future challenges to transfer MAX phases as eventual bond coat or protective layer are discussed.
Observation of oxygen pyramid tilting induced polarization rotation in strained BiFeO3 thin film
Authors: Song Dongsheng , Liu Heng‐Jui , Kovács András , Dunin‐Borkowski Rafal E. , Chu Ying‐Hao , Zhu Jing 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOxygen octahedral tilting has been recognized to strongly interact with spin, charge, orbital, and lattice degrees of freedom in perovskite oxides. Here, we observe a strain‐driven stripe‐like morphology of two supertetragonal (monoclinic Cc and Cm) phases in the strained BiFeO3/LaAlO3 thin films. The two supertetragonal phases have a similar giant axial ratio but differences in oxygen pyramid tilting mode. Especially, the competition between polar instability and oxygen pyramid tilting is identified using atomically resolved scanning transmission electron microscopy, leading to the polarization rotation across the phase boundary. In addition, microtwins are observed in the Cc phase. Our findings provide new insights of the coupling between ferroelectric polarization and oxygen pyramid tilting in oxide thin films and will help to design novel phase morphology with desirable ferroelectric polarization and properties for new applications in perovskite oxides.