bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reference soil condition for intensity prediction equations derived from seismological and geophysical data at seismic stations
Authors: Panzera Francesco , Bergamo Paolo , Fäh Donat 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn 2011, an amplification map achieved by macroseismic information was developed for Switzerland using the collection of macroseismic intensity observations of past earthquakes. For each village, a ΔIm was first derived, which reflects the difference between observed and expected macroseismic intensities from a region-specific intensity prediction equation. The ΔIm values are then grouped into geological/tectonic classes, which are then presented in the macroseismic amplification map. Both, the intensity prediction equation and the macroseismic amplification map are referenced to the same reference soil condition which so far was only roughly estimated. This reference soil condition is assessed in this contribution using geophysical and seismological data collected by the Swiss Seismological Service. Geophysical data consist of shear-wave velocity profiles measured at the seismic stations and earthquake recordings, used to retrieve empirical amplification functions at the sensor locations. Amplification functions are referenced to a generic rock profile (Swiss reference rock condition) that is well defined, and it is used for the national seismic hazard maps. Macroseismic amplification factors Af, derived from empirical amplification functions, are assigned to each seismic station using ground motion to intensity conversions. We then assess the factors dΔf defined as the difference between Af and ΔIm. The factor dΔf accounts for the difference between the reference soil condition for the intensity prediction equation and the Swiss reference rock. We finally analysed relationships between Af and proxies for shear-wave velocity profiles in terms of average shear-wave velocity over defined depth ranges, such as VS,30, providing an estimate of the reference shear velocity for the intensity prediction equation and macroseismic amplification map. This study allows linking macroseismic intensity observations with experimental geophysical data, highlighting a good correspondence within the uncertainty range of macroseismic observations. However, statistical significance tests point out that the seismic stations are not evenly distributed among the various geological–tectonic classes of the macroseismic amplification map and its revision could be planned merging classes with similar behaviour or by defining a new classification scheme.
Combined thermal analysis of fluid plasticizers
Authors: Ihemaguba Chukwuemeka L. , Marossy Kálmán 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe paper deals with the study of plasticizers using different thermal methods. The literature data on the melting points of plasticizers proved uncertain; we intended to gather the data by other methods, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermally stimulated discharge (TSD). Results of ten plasticizers are demonstrated. During this work, we found that most of plasticizers have no well-defined melting point, and the solidification of plasticizer is similar to the glass transition of polymers. Only the di-n-butyl-phthalate showed regular crystallization. Thermally stimulated discharge current (TSD) method revealed that these compounds have several transitions –dispersion ranges assigned to different molecular motions.
Detecting Ordinal Subcascades
Authors: Lausser Ludwig , Schäfer Lisa M. , Kühlwein Silke D. , Kestler Angelika M. R. , Kestler Hans A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOrdinal classifier cascades are constrained by a hypothesised order of the semantic class labels of a dataset. This order determines the overall structure of the decision regions in feature space. Assuming the correct order on these class labels will allow a high generalisation performance, while an incorrect one will lead to diminished results. In this way ordinal classifier systems can facilitate explorative data analysis allowing to screen for potential candidate orders of the class labels. Previously, we have shown that screening is possible for total orders of all class labels. However, as datasets might comprise samples of ordinal as well as non-ordinal classes, the assumption of a total ordering might be not appropriate. An analysis of subsets of classes is required to detect such hidden ordinal substructures. In this work, we devise a novel screening procedure for exhaustive evaluations of all order permutations of all subsets of classes by bounding the number of enumerations we have to examine. Experiments with multi-class data from diverse applications revealed ordinal substructures that generate new and support known relations.
Space Weather Magnetometer Aboard GEO-KOMPSAT-2A
Authors: Magnes W. , Hillenmaier O. , Auster H.-U. , Brown P. , Kraft S. , Seon J. , Delva M. , Valavanoglou A. , Leitner S. , Fischer D. , Berghofer G. , Narita Y. , Plaschke F. , Volwerk M. , Wilfinger J. , Strauch C. , Ludwig J. , Constantinescu D. , Fornacon K.-H. , Gebauer K. , Hercik D. , Richter I. , Eastwood J. P. , Luntama J. P. , Hilgers A. , Heil M. , Na G. W. , Lee C. H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe South Korean meteorological and environmental satellite GEO-KOMPSAT-2A (GK-2A) was launched into geostationary orbit at $128.2^{\circ}$

128.2
∘

East on 4 December 2018. The space weather observation aboard GK-2A is performed by the Korea Space Environment Monitor. It consists of three particle detectors, a charging monitor and a four-sensor Service Oriented Spacecraft Magnetometer (SOSMAG).The magnetometer design aims for avoiding strict magnetic cleanliness requirements for the hosting spacecraft and an automated on-board correction of the dynamic stray fields which are generated by the spacecraft. This is achieved through the use of two science grade fluxgate sensors on an approximately one meter long boom and two additional magnetoresistance sensors mounted within the spacecraft body.This paper describes the instrument design, discusses the ground calibration methods and results, presents the post-launch correction and calibration achievements based on the data which were acquired during the first year in orbit and demonstrates the in-flight performance of SOSMAG with two science cases.The dynamic stray fields from the GK-2A spacecraft, which was built without specific magnetic cleanliness considerations, are reduced up to a maximum factor of 35. The magnitude of the largest remnant field from an active spacecraft disturber is 2.0 nT. Due to a daily shadowing of the SOSMAG boom, sensor intrinsic offset oscillations with a periodicity up to 60 minutes and peak-to-peak values up to 5 nT remain in the corrected data product.The comparison of the cleaned SOSMAG data with the Tsyganenko 2004 magnetic field model and the magnetic field data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission demonstrates that the offset error is less than the required 5 nT for all three components and that the drift of the offsets over 10 months is less than 7 nT.Future work will include a further reduction of the remaining artefacts in the final data product with the focus on lessening the temperature driven sensor oscillations with an epoch based identification and correction.
Thermomechanical Processing Map in Retaining {100}//ND texture via Strain-Induced Boundary Migration Recrystallization Mechanism
Authors: Ji Mo , Slater Carl , Davis Claire 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The feasibility of establishing thermomechanical conditions to promote {100}//ND fiber texture via strain-induced boundary migration (SIBM) recrystallization mechanism in a non-grain oriented (NGO) electrical steel was investigated. Single-hit uniaxial compression at various temperatures and strains has been applied on Fe-6 wt pct Si to establish the relationship between stored energy and the softening mechanisms. Recovery only and recrystallization by SIBM or by subgrain growth (SGG) have been observed depending on the stored energy level. A strong {100}//ND fiber recrystallization texture, i.e., 45 pct area fraction, was seen in the sample which was deformed to 0.2 strain at 650 °C and then annealed at 1000 °C for 15 minutes, whereas only 13 pct {100}//ND fiber component was observed after 0.4 strain at 500 °C followed by the same annealing treatment. By examining the same microstructural region before and after annealing via EBSD, it has been shown that {100}//ND textured recrystallized grains were formed adjacent to the {100}// ND textured deformed matrix. Low stored energy has been shown to favor the formation of {100}//ND texture recrystallized grains via SIBM recrystallization mechanism attributed to its slow recrystallization nucleation rate. The results from the deformation studies have been used to suggest a processing window map concept to define the recovery, SIBM, and SGG regions for the starting as-cast columnar microstructure.
Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Depression: Role of Body Image
Authors: Behrens Simone C. , Lenhard Konrad , Junne Florian , Ziser Katrin , Lange Jessica , Zipfel Stephan , Giel Katrin E. , Teufel Martin , Mack Isabelle 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
It has been suggested that psychosocial functioning improves after bariatric surgery, but the mechanism of this effect remains unclear. We propose that body image mediates the association between %EWL and improvement in depressive symptoms.

Materials and Methods
To investigate this hypothesis, we conducted a mediation analysis in longitudinal data from 52 patients after LSG.

Results
%EWL had no direct effect on depressive symptoms as assessed through the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9), but a small indirect effect that was mediated through negative evaluation of the body (BIQ-20).

Conclusions
We interpret this observation in the context of complex individual etiologies of obesity and argue for a stronger focus on psychological interventions in aftercare regimes. This may be specifically relevant for patients with eating disorders or a desire for body contouring surgery.
How reliable is BMI? Bioimpedance analysis of body composition in underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese women
Authors: Lebiedowska Agata , Hartman-Petrycka Magdalena , Błońska-Fajfrowska Barbara 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
The human body consists of water, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and minerals that build cells, tissues, and organs. In healthy people, the content of these molecules remains nearly constant. The body mass index (BMI) is commonly used to classify abnormal body composition among adults. According to the WHO, a high BMI is a major risk factor for many diseases. Bioelectrical impedance analysis is a commonly used method for assessing body composition in clinical practice and medical research.

Aims
The aim of this study was to identify the advantages and disadvantages of using BMI in diagnosis of underweight, overweight, and obesity, by comparing the value of the index with the values of body composition analysis parameters.

Methods
A total of 267 healthy women 18 to 35 years of age participated in this study. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was performed on all participants at the beginning of the experiment with an InBodyS10 device.

Results
In the BMI categories of overweight and obese, only women with excessive BFM were measured with BIA. The BMI category of normal body weight, apart from women with normal body composition, includes people with both deficient and excess body components, e.g., body fat or lean body mass. The BMI category of underweight includes women with different body compositions as well as people with excessive fat content.

Conclusions
The BMI is useful to provide a warning of excessive fat content in overweight and obese women, whereas among normal weight and underweight women, it may mask various types of body composition defects.
Assessment of Karmi Landslide Zone, Bageshwar, Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Tiwari V. N. , Pandey V. H. R. , Kainthola Ashutosh , Singh P. K. , Singh K. H. , Singh T. N. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Slope instability is a big challenge for the population in mountainous regions. It poses a threat to life, economy, and infrastructure. For the safety of people, various prevention and precautions are taken and hence many scientific studies are going on. In the present study, the stability of the Karmi landslides zone, Bageshwar, Uttarakhand, India is assessed. Karmi village lies quite close to the northern border of India and the excavated roads are the only means of commute. The area lies in a tectonically active lesser Himalayan zone with high relief. Slope geometry was extracted using a total station, and seven different slope geometries were plotted. Soil and rock mass samples were taken and evaluated from various field and laboratory investigations. The direct shear test was performed to assess the friction angle and cohesion of the soil and rock mass. Numerical simulations viz., finite element analysis and probabilistic analysis have been applied on all seven slope sections and found that the mean and median safety factor of all the modeled slopes was 0.78 and 0.81, respectively. The study ascertains that the whole area to be quite vulnerable to failure, especially during rains, since the pore pressure build-up diminishes the shear strength of the slope forming material. Possible mitigation measures have been suggested based on the examined instability of the hill slopes.
Delineation of Groundwater Potential Zones using Integrated Approach in Semi-Arid Hard Rock Terrain, Kanavi Halla Sub-Basin, Belagavi District, Karnataka
Authors: Patil Venkanagouda B.B. , Lokesh K. N. , Krishnamurthy M. P. , Nadagoudar H. V. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Water scarcity has become a major problem especially in arid and semi-arid regions due to insufficient rainfall throughout the globe. This has led in serious search for groundwater resources. Kanavi Halla Sub Basin (KHSB) of Ghataprabha River basin drained by Ghataprabha River, Belagavi District of Karnataka state in India has been considered for present study. Electrical resistivity survey was carried out at selected sites using Schlumberger method with four electrode configuration. A total of 22 Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) were conducted throughout KHSB and representative of different litho units were considered. Data obtained were then interpreted using curve matching technique with IPI2Win software. The interpreted graphs show three to six layers. The various interpreted curve types are of AAK-type, HA-type, A- type, KH-type, HAA-type, KQH-type, AK-type, K-type, HQH-type, H-type and AKQH-type. From the results it shows that the maximum number of curves are associated with A type which refers to hard rock terrain, whereas curve associated with H type indicates water potential site. The expected subsurface strata are interpreted on the basis of observed bore well drilling data. Borewell log reveals soil formation followed by moderately weathered formation, weathered jointed formation, jointed formation, hard formation from top to bottom. Further deep, the formation is devoid of joints and fractures. Therefore, the weathered, jointed formation may be interpreted as water bearing zone. 2-D geo-electric section has been drawn using IPI2WIN over eight selected trends to understand the geometry of the aquifer formed. The investigation was meant to characterize the aquifer in KHSB along with the risk assessment for contaminants through seepage in terms of protective capacity with the help of Dar-Zarrouk (D-Z) parameters such as longitudinal unit conductance (S), longitudinal resitivity (ρl), transverse unit resistance (T), transverse resistivity (ρt), Electrical anisotropy(λ) and root mean square resistivity (ρm). These were evaluated to know the aquifer conditions in order to demarcate the freshwater bearing zones. South eastern part of KHSB might be contaminated and 30% of the area is weak to poor capacity protective zone for contaminants. The work adequately highlights the practical use of geophysical techniques, combination of geo-electrical modelling, D-Z parameters, borehole log in the groundwater resource assessment process. This technique is highly recommended for the area with similar geological setup.
Design and development of a machine vision system using artificial neural network-based algorithm for automated coal characterization
Authors: Gorai Amit Kumar , Raval Simit , Patel Ashok Kumar , Chatterjee Snehamoy , Gautam Tarini 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCoal is heterogeneous in nature, and thus the characterization of coal is essential before its use for a specific purpose. Thus, the current study aims to develop a machine vision system for automated coal characterizations. The model was calibrated using 80 image samples that are captured for different coal samples in different angles. All the images were captured in RGB color space and converted into five other color spaces (HSI, CMYK, Lab, xyz, Gray) for feature extraction. The intensity component image of HSI color space was further transformed into four frequency components (discrete cosine transform, discrete wavelet transform, discrete Fourier transform, and Gabor filter) for the texture features extraction. A total of 280 image features was extracted and optimized using a step-wise linear regression-based algorithm for model development. The datasets of the optimized features were used as an input for the model, and their respective coal characteristics (analyzed in the laboratory) were used as outputs of the model. The R-squared values were found to be 0.89, 0.92, 0.92, and 0.84, respectively, for fixed carbon, ash content, volatile matter, and moisture content. The performance of the proposed artificial neural network model was also compared with the performances of performances of Gaussian process regression, support vector regression, and radial basis neural network models. The study demonstrates the potential of the machine vision system in automated coal characterization.
Heterogeneous CPU-GPU Epsilon Grid Joins: Static and Dynamic Work Partitioning Strategies
Authors: Gallet Benoit , Gowanlock Michael 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGiven two datasets (or tables) A and B and a search distance $$\epsilon$$
ϵ
, the distance similarity join, denoted as $$A \ltimes _\epsilon B$$

A

⋉
ϵ

B

, finds the pairs of points ($$p_a$$

p
a

, $$p_b$$

p
b

), where $$p_a \in A$$

p
a

∈
A

and $$p_b \in B$$

p
b

∈
B

, and such that the distance between $$p_a$$

p
a

and $$p_b$$

p
b

is $$\le \epsilon$$

≤
ϵ

. If $$A = B$$

A
=
B

, then the similarity join is equivalent to a similarity self-join, denoted as $$A \bowtie _\epsilon A$$

A

⋈
ϵ

A

. We propose in this paper Heterogeneous Epsilon Grid Joins (HEGJoin), a heterogeneous CPU-GPU distance similarity join algorithm. Efficiently partitioning the work between the CPU and the GPU is a challenge. Indeed, the work partitioning strategy needs to consider the different characteristics and computational throughput of the processors (CPU and GPU), as well as the data-dependent nature of the similarity join that accounts in the overall execution time (e.g., the number of queries, their distribution, the dimensionality, etc.). In addition to HEGJoin, we design in this paper a dynamic and two static work partitioning strategies. We also propose a performance model for each static partitioning strategy to perform the distribution of the work between the processors. We evaluate the performance of all three partitioning methods by considering the execution time and the load imbalance between the CPU and GPU as performance metrics. HEGJoin achieves a speedup of up to $$5.46\times$$

5.46
×

($$3.97\times$$

3.97
×

) over the GPU-only (CPU-only) algorithms on our first test platform and up to $$1.97\times$$

1.97
×

($$12.07\times$$

12.07
×

) on our second test platform over the GPU-only (CPU-only) algorithms.
Bubble motion and reaction in different viscous liquids
Authors: Hlawitschka Mark W. , Kováts P. , Dönmez B. , Zähringer K. , Bart H.-J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractReactive bubble columns are omnipresent in the chemical industry. The layout of these columns is still limited by correlations and therefore improved simulation techniques are required to describe the complex hydrodynamics/reaction interaction. In this work, we focus on the numerical and experimental study of the viscosity influence on bubble motion and reaction using an Euler-Lagrange framework with an added oscillation and reaction model to bring the column layout base closer to a predictive level. For comparison and validation, experimental data in various water-glycerol solutions was obtained in a cylindrical bubble column at low gas hold-up, where the main parameters such as bubble size, motion, and velocities were detected. Glycerol leads thereby to a change in viscosity and surface tension. Further, the surface tension was modified by addition of a surfactant. The bubble oscillating motion in low to higher viscosity could be described using an Euler-Lagrange framework and enables a description of industrial bubble flows. In addition, the simulations were in good agreement concerning reactive mass transfer investigations at higher viscosity of the liquid which led to an overall lower mass transfer compared to the cases with lower viscosity.
Biologia futura: animal testing in drug development—the past, the present and the future
Authors: Sántha Miklós 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAnimal experiments have served to improve our knowledge on diseases and treatment approaches since ancient times. Today, animal experiments are widely used in medical, biomedical and veterinary research, and are essential means of drug development and preclinical testing, including toxicology and safety studies. Recently, great efforts have been made to replace animal experiments with in vitro organoid culture methods and in silico predictions, in agreement with the 3R strategy to “reduce, refine and replace” animals in experimental testing, as outlined by the European Commission. Here we present a mini-review on the development of animal testing, as well as on alternative in vitro and in silico methods, that may at least partly replace animal experiments in the near future.