bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First study of sea turtle strandings in Algeria (western Mediterranean) and associated threats: 2016–2017
Authors: Belmahi Alae Eddine , Belmahi Youcef , Benabdi Mouloud , Bouziani Amaria Latefa , Darna Samira Ait , Bouslah Yahia , Bendoula Mohamed , Bouderbala Mohamed 
Published: May 2020

Between December 2015 and December 2017 a total of 63 sea turtles were recorded as being stranded along the Algerian coast. The loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta was the most commonly stranded species (n = 44) (69.8%), followed by the leatherback Dermochelys coriacea (n = 18) (28.6%) and the green turtle Chelonia mydas (n = 1). There was a slight dominance of the adult size class for stranded loggerhead turtles, while, for the leatherback, late juveniles and adults prevailed. Most loggerhead turtles stranded during the summer months (July and August), whereas most leatherbacks stranded during winter. The breakdown of the strandings by region shows a slight dominance along the western and central shores for C. caretta and a clear dominance in the west for D. coriacea.
The primary cause of death was determined in 50.8% of the stranded turtles. Regarding the evidence of interactions with humans the major cause of stranding in loggerhead turtles was incidental catch by artisanal fisheries, followed by boats’ collisions. The main causes of leatherback strandings were boats’ collisions. Algerian data show that human activities affect loggerhead turtles and also prove a significant presence of the leatherback turtle on this coast.
Déclin et résistance des syndicats d’eau potable. Une analyse des effets ambivalents de la réforme territoriale de 2015
Authors: Groupe NOTReau  , Barbier Rémi , Wittner Christophe 
Published: May 2020

La loi portant Nouvelle Organisation Territoriale de la République, dite loi NOTRe (2015), opère un bouleversement du paysage institutionnel des services d’eau et d’assainissement. Selon nos projections, le nombre de syndicats exerçant une compétence dans le domaine de l’eau ou de l’assainissement pourrait à terme être divisé par dix. L’article montre cependant que la conduite locale de la réforme n’a pas été dirigée systématiquement contre l’institution syndicale, et que, par ailleurs, sur le « marché des compétences », les services d’eau et d’assainissement ne sont pas attractifs au point de conduire les établissements publics de coopération intercommunale à fiscalité propre à vouloir absolument s’en emparer quand ils en ont la possibilité. Les syndicats, notamment les plus puissants, ont été en outre plutôt réactifs après une première phase de déstabilisation. Ces institutions continueront par conséquent à desservir une fraction significative de la population.
Une confiscation institutionnelle de l’intercommunalité : la permanence du syndicat des transports urbains lyonnais (1959-1974)
Authors: Lévêque Antoine 
Published: May 2020

Cet article s’interroge sur la permanence d’un syndicat mixte de transport en commun alors que la réforme territoriale engagée depuis les années 1960 en France encourage le renforcement des structures intercommunales. L’étude de la création de la communauté urbaine de Lyon en 1969 révèle les entreprises développées par les élus locaux de premier plan pour conserver des équilibres politiques et la hiérarchie entre les élus. L’institution syndicale permet de maintenir un espace restreint des décisions en matière de transport qui conforte les intérêts des maires des deux ville-centres de l’agglomération. Cette confiscation politique des débats concernant la répartition des ressources intercommunales joue notamment contre la desserte des principaux foyers de peuplement de la banlieue populaire.
L’innovation, un instinct de survie ?
Authors: Simon Laurent , Auger Claudine 
Published: May 2020

En quelques heures à peine, la vie courante peut changer du tout au tout. Les entreprises qui veulent survivre à une crise doivent-elles faire preuve de créativité ? Gestion a profité du confinement sanitaire pour s’entretenir à distance avec Laurent Simon, professeur titulaire au Département d’entrepreneuriat et innovation de HEC Montréal, sur la façon dont les entreprises innovent quand leur univers bascule.
Icône culturelle et figure de la solidarité : la présence médiatique d’Angela Davis en RFA au début des années 1970
Authors: Gerund Katharina , Moine Caroline 
Published: May 2020

Cette contribution analyse comment le mouvement de solidarité avec Angela Davis s’est développé en RFA à travers divers médias : la presse, la chanson protestataire et les publications militantes. Elle montre comment s’est construite la figure d’Angela Davis comme icône culturelle et figure de la solidarité, et comment cette figure a dû s‘adapter à certains agendas politiques. L‘attention médiatique internationale et les mobilisations de solidarité à l’échelle globale ont sans aucun doute influencé le dénouement de son procès, mais, dans le même temps, différents acteurs ont su utiliser la figure et le cas d’Angela Davis dans leurs propres intérêts.
La libéralisation de l’ORTF à l’épreuve du contrôle de l’information. Pratiques ordinaires et scandalisation pendant « l’expérience Desgraupes » (1969-1972)
Authors: Sécail Claire 
Published: May 2020

À partir de sources institutionnelles (procès-verbaux du Conseil d’administration et de la Commission de l’information de l’ORTF, notes internes, directives et bulletins de presses) et audiovisuelles, cet article interroge la mise en place et les limites de « l’expérience Chaban-Delmas / Desgraupes » (1969-1972), première tentative de libéralisation de l’audiovisuel français. Il s’agit de mettre en lumière le fonctionnement interne du contrôle de l’information en dégageant ses principales caractéristiques mais également de comprendre, en élargissant la réflexion à l’écosystème médiatique, le rôle de la presse dans la mise en scandale autour de cas de censures et la légitimation d’une cause nouvelle, celle de la libéralisation de l’ORTF.
Duration of Mechanical Ventilation in an Adult Intensive Care Unit After Introduction of Sedation and Pain Scales
Authors: Williams Teresa Ann , Martin Suzanne , Leslie Gavin , Thomas Linda , Leen Timothy , Tamaliunas Sheralee , Lee K. Y. , Dobb Geoffrey 
Published: May 2020

Background Sedation and analgesia scales promote a less-distressing experience in the intensive care unit and minimize complications for patients receiving mechanical ventilation.
Objectives To evaluate outcomes before and after introduction of scales for sedation and analgesia in a general intensive care unit.
Method A before-and-after design was used to evaluate introduction of the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale and the Behavioral Pain Scale for patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Data were collected for 6 months before and 6 months after training in and introduction of the scales.
Results A total of 769 patients received mechanical ventilation for at least 6 hours (369 patients before and 400 patients after implementation). Age, scores on the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II, and diagnostic groups were similar in the 2 groups, but the after group had more men than did the before group. Duration of mechanical ventilation did not change significantly after the scales were introduced (median, 24 vs 28 hours). For patients who received mechanical ventilation for 96 hours or longer (24%), mechanical ventilation lasted longer after implementation of the scales (P =.03). Length of stay in the intensive care unit was similar in the 2 groups (P = .18), but patients received sedatives for longer after implementation (P=.01). By logistic regression analysis, APACHE II score (P &lt;.001) and diagnostic group (P &lt;.001) were independent predictors of mechanical ventilation lasting 96 hours or longer.
Conclusion Sedation and analgesia scales did not reduce duration of ventilation in an Australian intensive care unit.
Merocytic Dendritic Cells Compose a Conventional Dendritic Cell Subset with Low Metabolic Activity
Authors: Audiger Cindy , Fois Adrien , Thomas Alyssa L. , Janssen Edith , Pelletier Martin , Lesage Sylvie 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) are arguably the most potent APCs that induce the activation of naive T cells in response to pathogens. In addition, at steady-state, cDCs help maintain immune tolerance. Two subsets of cDCs have been extensively characterized, namely cDC1 and cDC2, each contributing differently to immune responses. Recently, another dendritic cell (DC) subset, termed merocytic DCs (mcDCs), was defined. In contrast to both cDC1 and cDC2, mcDCs reverse T cell anergy, properties that could be exploited to potentiate cancer treatments. Yet, whether mcDCs represent an unconventional DC or a cDC subset remains to be defined. In this article, we further characterize mcDCs and find that they bear true characteristics of cDC subsets. Indeed, as for cDCs, mcDCs express the cDC-restricted transcription factor Zbtb46 and display very potent APC activity. In addition, mcDC population dynamics parallels that of cDC1 and cDC2 in both reconstitution kinetic studies and parabiotic mice. We next investigated their relatedness to cDC1 and cDC2 and demonstrate that mcDCs are not dependent on cDC1-related Irf8 and Batf3 transcription factors, are dependent on Irf4, a cDC2-specific transcription factor, and express a unique transcriptomic signature. Finally, we find that cDC1, cDC2, and mcDCs all present with different metabolic phenotypes, in which mcDCs exhibit the lowest glucose uptake activity and mcDC survival is the least affected by glycolysis inhibition. Defining the properties of mcDCs in mice may help identify a functionally equivalent subset in humans leading to the development of innovative cancer immunotherapies.
Evolution of a pyrocumulonimbus event associated with an extreme wildfire in Tasmania, Australia
Authors: Ndalila Mercy N. , Williamson Grant J. , Fox-Hughes Paul , Sharples Jason , Bowman David M. J. S. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Extreme fires have substantial adverse effects on society and
natural ecosystems. Such events can be associated with the intense coupling of
fire behaviour with the atmosphere, resulting in extreme fire
characteristics such as pyrocumulonimbus cloud (pyroCb) development. Concern
that anthropogenic climate change is increasing the occurrence of pyroCbs
globally is driving more focused research into these meteorological
phenomena. Using 6 min scans from a nearby weather radar, we describe the
development of a pyroCb during the afternoon of 4 January 2013 above the
Forcett–Dunalley fire in south-eastern Tasmania. We relate storm development
to (1) near-surface weather using the McArthur forest fire danger index
(FFDI) and the C-Haines index, the latter of which is a measure of the vertical atmospheric
stability and dryness, both derived from gridded weather reanalysis for
Tasmania (BARRA-TA); and (2) a chronosequence of fire severity derived from
remote sensing. We show that the pyroCb rapidly developed over a 24 min
period on the afternoon of 4 January, with the cloud top reaching a height
of 15 km. The pyroCb was associated with a highly unstable lower atmosphere
(C-Haines value of 10–11) and severe–marginally extreme (FFDI 60–75) near-surface
fire weather, and it formed over an area of forest that was severely burned
(total crown defoliation). We use spatial patterns of elevated fire weather
in Tasmania and fire weather during major runs of large wildfires in
Tasmania for the period from 2007 to 2016 to geographically and historically
contextualise this pyroCb event. Although the Forcett–Dunalley fire is the
only known record of a pyroCb in Tasmania, our results show that eastern and
south-eastern Tasmania are prone to the conjunction of high FFDI and
C-Haines values that have been associated with pyroCb development. Our
findings have implications for fire weather forecasting and wildfire
management, and they highlight the vulnerability of south-east Tasmania to extreme
fire events.
Análisis de patrones morfologicos en conjunto de vivienda palafítica: vivienda vernácula en el corregimiento del Morro (Nueva Venecia), municipio de Sitionuevo, Magdalena-Colombia
Authors: López Pérez Cecilia , Medina Garzón Harold , Arteaga Botero Gustavo Adolfo 
Published: May 2020

El tema de investigación tiene como eje el observar los patrones de agrupación presentes en un conjunto urbano de pequeña escala, en la costa norte de Colombia, donde la vivienda vernácula es construida directamente sobre el cuerpo de agua (tipología de vivienda conocida como palafítica) en la ciénaga del Pajaral, la cual hace parte de la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta (Narváez , Gómez, & Acosta , 2008). El objetivo es analizar las configuraciones del conjunto desde la escala que representa la vivienda , para contrastar las características y definir patrones o atributos básicos que describen la lógica con que dicho proceso se da, ya que, si se pueden estructurar y categorizar estas características, se puede proponer como hipótesis, que las lógicas constructivas usadas para las viviendas (desde los materiales usados, los sistemas empleados y las lógicas constructivas resultantes) pasan a la lógica de agrupación del conjunto, generando morfologías particulares de interés.
The research theme is to observe the patterns of grouping present in a small-scale urban set, on the north coastof Colombia, where the vernacular housing is built directly on the body of water (typology of housing known as palafítica) of the Pajaral swamp, which is part of the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta (Narváez, Gómez, & Acosta, 2008).The objective is to analyze the configurations of the set from the scale that the house represents, to contrastthe characteristics and define basic patterns or attributes that describe the logic with which said process is given, since, if these characteristics can be structured and categorized, can propose as a hypothesis, that theconstructive logics used for the dwellings (from the materials used, the systems used and the resultingconstructive logics) pass to the logic of group grouping, generating particular morphologies of interest.
Valparaíso ignífuga: el urbanismo para la prevención de incendios (1840-1906)
Authors: Arango López Diego 
Published: May 2020

Desde los años 1840 los incendios urbanos se convirtieron en una problemática central de la ciudad de Valparaíso en Chile. Esta ponencia tiene como objetivo analizar las medidas de urbanismo orientadas hacia la prevención de incendios entre 1843 y 1906 en esta ciudad. Para lograr esto, se desarrolló una investigación basada en dos tipos de fuentes: documentos oficiales como ordenanzas de edificación y reglamentos de policía urbana y documentación de las compañías de bomberos. Se observó que las medidas para la protección contra incendios en Valparaíso, tomadas por las autoridades locales y otros actores, fueron fundamentales para el desarrollo urbano y arquitectónico de la ciudad y para la consolidación de actividades y relaciones de distinto tipo. Asimismo, se observó que la creación de un urbanismo ignífugo fue central en la construcción de relaciones sociales, económicas y políticas en la ciudad.
From the 1840s, urban fires became a central problem in the city of Valparaíso in Chile. The purpose of this paper is to analyze urban planning measures aimed at preventing fires between 1843 and 1906 in this city. To achieve this, an investigation was developed based on two types of sources: official documents such as building ordinances and urban police regulations and, technical and administrative documentation of the firefighting companies. It argues that the measures for fire protection in Valparaíso, taken by the local authorities and other actors, were fundamental for the urban and architectural development of the city and for the consolidation of different types of activities and relations. Likewise, it concludes that the creation of a fireproof urbanism was central in the construction of social, economic and political relations in the city.
Dispersión urbana y conformación de periferias: el caso de Madrid
Authors: De Láncer Salas Victoria Amelia 
Published: May 2020

La ciudad de Madrid es generalmente asociada al modelo urbano compacto y denso. Sin embargo, es posible afirmar que su periferia carece de los elementos necesarios que la categoricen dentro de este modelo, llegando incluso a definirse por varios de los parámetros que describen al modelo urbano disperso y de baja densidad, también conocido como Urban Sprawl. Si bien el modelo de Sprawl es asociado a la suburbia norteamericana donde priman las viviendas unifamiliares, al hacer una revisión bibliográfica del este concepto, se aprecia que este va mucho más allá de esta tipología residencial, e incluye parámetros de composición, uso de suelo, estructura y morfología urbana, que en muchos casos coincide con lo encontrado en el análisis de los PAU. De esta manera, Madrid se presenta como el laboratorio idóneo donde estudiar la complejidad de los procesos urbanos condicionados por distintas corrientes políticas urbanas, ya que dentro de un mismo término municipal se contraponen el modelo compacto tradicional, el modelo de crecimiento tipo ensanche y el modelo disperso. A partir del análisis realizado, se presenta una imagen de la ciudad actual y los factores que han configurado una periferia urbana dispersa y fragmentada.
Greater Madrid has grown exponentially during the last decades, generating an urban fabric composed by residential, commercial and logistical areas that are dispersed and consume a large amount of resources and soil. This is the basis for establishing that part of Madrid can be studied as a dispersed city, although it is generally perceived as a traditional, compact and dense European city. In this way, Madrid is presented as the ideal laboratory to study the complexity of urban processes conditioned by different urban policies. Thus, we present an image of the current city and the factors that have led it to become a dispersed and fragmented model, and for this we analyze the urban developments framed in the North and South crowns of Madrid: Arroyodel Fresno, Montecarmelo, Las Tablas, Sanchinarro, Valdebebas, and the expansions of Carabanchel and Vallecas.
5 mitos sobre el hábitat popular en tela de juicio: un estudio sobre barrios populares en Argentina
Authors: Lescano Patricia , Piasek Gonzalo , Gandino Rafaela 
Published: May 2020

La presente ponencia discute algunas cuestiones vinculadas al mejoramiento de vivienda y hábitat en barrios populares, en el marco del proceso de reurbanización que está enfrentando la Argentina. La misma se pregunta si ciertas creencias comunes en torno a la vivienda popular y los barrios populares - como ser la densidad, la cantidad de hogares, el material constructivo, la posibilidad de acceso a crédito, la inversión en mejoramiento - se dan de la forma que creemos “en el sentido común”, a partir del análisis de una encuesta realizada en 8 barrios con miras a problematizar algunas de estas cuestiones. En una palabra se trata de un intento por abrir el debate en torno de la reurbanización de barrios populares en Argentina y la región.
This paper discusses some new ideas related to habitat and housing improvement in low-income neighborhoods, within the framework of the re-urbanization process that Argentina is currently facing. It questions whether certain common sense beliefs in regards to low-income housing and neighborhoods - such as density, quantity of homes, construction materials, credit access, possibility to invest in housing improvement - take the actual form that these common beliefs entail, by analyzing the results of a survey held in eight (8) neighborhoods in cities of different provinces in Argentina. This work is, in a few words, an attempt to not close but open the debate on re-urbanization of low-income neighborhoods in Argentina and the region for further discussion.
Ausencia y clausura: la imagen urbana fotográfica en la crisis abismal de la Caracas contemporánea
Authors: Vielma Cabruja Jose Ignacio 
Published: May 2020

Se revisa un conjunto de representaciones fotográficas de la Caracas contemporánea (2019), solicitadas para formar parte de la investigación, cuyo tema es la ausencia y la clausura en el espacio público como consecuencia de la enorme crisis económica y social de la Venezuela actual. Se hace un análisis documental de estas imágenes en un marco de referencia compuesto por imágenes previas de Caracas (1920-1989), organizadas en una línea base propia de la modernización urbana, y en otro grupo de imágenes definidas como premonitorias de la crisis social. El resultado compone una representación documental que levanta una hipótesis donde la fotografía actual desarrolla un discurso relativo a la crisis como deterioro y vaciamiento del espacio público, pero antecedida por una práctica fotográfica ensimismada y apologética con la modernidad como expresión estética y de desarrollo material, y un conjunto de fotografías que denunciaban la banalidad social, la congestión visual y la especulación urbana, componiéndose una representación documental de posible consistencia.
A set of photographic representations of contemporary Caracas (2019) is reviewed, requested as part of the research, regarding absence and closure in public space as a consequence of the enormous economic and social crisis of present-day Venezuela. A documentary analysis of these images is made in a frame of reference constituted of previous images of Caracas (1920-1989), organized in a baseline about urban modernization, and in another group defined as premonitory of the social crisis. The result points to a documentary representation that raises a hypothesis where the current photography develops a discourse related to the crisis as deterioration and emptying of public space but preceded by a photographic agenda that is narcissistic and apologetic with modernity as aesthetics and material development, and a set of photographs that denounced social banality, visual congestion and urban speculation, composing a documentary representation of possible consistency.
Convergencia entre planeamiento urbanístico y resiliencia territorial: el papel resiliente del suelo no urbanizable en la legislación de suelo madrileña
Authors: Córdoba Hernández Rafael 
Published: May 2020

Las principales teorías sobre la resiliencia se centran en la capacidad de adaptación de los sistemas urbanos para abordar de forma eficaz el cambio, la incertidumbre y los riesgos. Esta capacidad de adaptación por lo general se refiere a la optimización de la capacidad de los sistemas urbanos para prevenir y responder al cambio. En pocas ocasiones se trata desde el punto de vista territorial, donde este es el que ayuda a dichosistema urbano a adecuarse al cambio aportando importantes recursos ecosistémicos que favorezcan la adaptación o atenúen sus efectos. Con esta investigación se persigue analizar la situación concreta del suelo que podría realizar estos aportes en la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (España), centrándose en su identificación desde el punto de vista de la planificación urbanística.
The main theories about resilience focus on the adaptive capacity of urban systems to ride out change, uncertainty and risks. This adaptive capacity usually refers to the optimization of the capacity of urban systems to prevent and respond to change. In few occasions it is treated from the territorial point of view. As would be expected, the natural resources which are more abundant in the not anthropized system, could help this urban system to adapt in times of crisis. It can provide important ecosystem resources that favor adaptation or mitigate its effects. This research aims to analyze the concrete situation of the Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (España) land that could make these contributions, focusing on its identification from the point of view of urban planning.