bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skiing and Snowboarding Injuries in Snow Parks: A Study Based on Self-Reported Practitioners’ Statements
Authors: Reynier Véronique M. , Soulé Bastien J. , Pabion-Mouriès Johanne M. 
Published: April 2020

Introduction Snow parks (SPs) are an essential part of what draws individuals to winter resorts. When compared to traditional skiing and snowboarding, SPs heighten the risk and severity of injuries, as well as the rate of hospitalization. The aim of this study is to contribute to the knowledge on accidents in SPs based on the self-reported statements of practitioners. Methods A questionnaire measured self-reported accident frequency and type, the nature of injuries sustained, the duration of the discomfort caused, and contributing factors such as terrain features. Demographic and sport-related data, such as ability and frequency of participation, were also collected. The questionnaires were administered in several SPs in the French Alps. Results Teenagers and experienced freestylers are most frequently injured. The nature and location of injuries vary depending on the level of practice and type of feature. Few injured participants contact emergency services. Conclusions The rate of injuries in SPs exceed that reported in prior research. Because expert and young participants expose themselves to particularly serious bodily impacts in SP, they must pay special attention to prevention.
COVID-19 Community Stabilization and Sustainability Framework: An Integration of the Maslow Hierarchy of Needs and Social Determinants of Health
Authors: Ryan Benjamin J. , Coppola Damon , Canyon Deon V. , Brickhouse Mark , Swienton Raymond 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTAll levels of government are authorized to apply coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) protection measures; however, they must consider how and when to ease lockdown restrictions to limit long-term societal harm and societal instability. Leaders that use a well-considered framework with an incremental approach will be able to gradually restart society while simultaneously maintaining the public health benefits achieved through lockdown measures. Economically vulnerable populations cannot endure long-term lockdown, and most countries lack the ability to maintain a full nationwide relief operation. Decision-makers need to understand this risk and how the Maslow hierarchy of needs and the social determinants of health can guide whole of society policies. Aligning decisions with societal needs will help ensure all segments of society are catered to and met while managing the crisis. This must inform the process of incremental easing of lockdowns to facilitate the resumption of community foundations, such as commerce, education, and employment in a manner that protects those most vulnerable to COVID-19. This study proposes a framework for identifying a path forward. It reflects on baseline requirements, regulations and recommendations, triggers, and implementation. Those desiring a successful recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic need to adopt an evidence-based framework now to ensure community stabilization and sustainability.
The role of socio-economic factors in food consumption of Portuguese children and adolescents: results from the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2015–2016
Authors: Vilela Sofia , Muresan Iasmina , Correia Daniela , Severo Milton , Lopes Carla 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the association between socio-economic factors and the food consumption of a young population. Participants were from the Portuguese National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (IAN-AF 2015–2016) aged from 3 to 17 years (n 1153). Food consumption was assessed using two non-consecutive days of food diaries in children and two 24-h recalls for adolescents. A latent class analysis (LCA) was used to classify children’s socio-economic status (socio-economic composite classification (SCC)), categorised in low, middle or high. The associations between socio-economic variables and food consumption were evaluated through linear or logistic regression models, weighted for the Portuguese population distribution. A positive association was found between belonging to a higher level of SCC and consumption of fruits and vegetables (FV), by children (β = 2·4, 95 % CI 1·1, 3·8) and by adolescents (β = 52·4, 95 % CI 9·6, 95·3). A higher SCC, but particularly higher maternal education, was positively associated with consumption of ‘white meat, fish and eggs’. Both higher SCC and parental education were positively associated with salty snack consumption in the adolescents’ group. In conclusion, children and adolescents with higher educated parents and belonging to a high socio-economic level have a higher daily intake of FV and white meat, fish and eggs. Socio-economic factors play an important role in justifying differences in the food consumption of children and adolescents and must be considered in future interventions. The relationship between higher socio-economic position and salty snack consumption in adolescents needs to be further explored in other populations.
Maternal total energy, macronutrient and vitamin intakes during pregnancy associated with the offspring’s birth size in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Authors: Eshak Ehab S. , Okada Chika , Baba Sachiko , Kimura Takashi , Ikehara Satoyo , Sato Takuyo , Shirai Kokoro , Iso Hiroyasu ,   for the Japan Environment and Children’s Study Group
Published: April 2020

AbstractMaternal diet during pregnancy can influence fetal growth; however, the available evidence is controversial. We aimed to assess whether maternal diet of Japanese women in mid-pregnancy can affect their offspring’s birth size via collection of questionnaire and medical record data. The studied sample was a large cohort of paired mothers and their singleton offspring (n 78 793) from fifteen areas all over Japan who participated in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study. The mid-pregnancy intakes of total energy, macronutrients and vitamins were lower than the recommended intakes for pregnant Japanese women. Maternal total energy intake was positively associated with the offspring’s birth weight; there was a 10-g mean difference in the offspring’s birth weight of mothers in the lowest (3026 g) v. highest (3036 g) quartiles of energy intake. Carbohydrate intake was positively associated with the offspring’s birth length (mean difference of 0·7 cm) and inversely associated with the ponderal index (mean difference of 0·8 g/cm3). Offspring of mothers in the highest v. lowest quartiles of total dietary fibre intake were on average 9 g heavier and had 0·3 cm longer birth length and 0·2 cm longer head circumference. The highest in reference to lowest intake quartile of vitamin C was associated with 13 g and 0·7 cm mean differences in the offspring’s birth weight and length, respectively. Several other associations were evident for maternal intakes of vitamins and the offspring’s birth size. In conclusion, maternal dietary intakes of energy, dietary fibre, carbohydrate and vitamins during pregnancy were associated with the offspring’s birth size.
Effect of garlic powder supplementation on hepatic steatosis, liver enzymes and lipid profile in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a double-blind randomised controlled clinical trial
Authors: Sangouni Abbas Ali , Mohammad Hosseini Azar Mohammad Reza , Alizadeh Mohammad 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes a range of disorders from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. There is no proven drug treatment for NAFLD, and diet modification is considered part of the main line of treatment for this disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of garlic supplementation in NAFLD patients. The effect of garlic powder supplementation on hepatic steatosis, liver enzymes and lipid profile was investigated in NAFLD patients. Ninety NAFLD patients were randomly assigned to take either a garlic powder supplement or a placebo for 12 weeks. The treatment group received four tablets of garlic daily (each tablet contained 400 mg garlic powder). The control group received four tablets of placebo (each placebo contained 400 mg starch). At the end of the study, hepatic steatosis was significantly reduced in the treatment group compared with the control group (P= 0·001). In addition, a significant decrease was seen in the serum concentration of alanine transaminase (P< 0·001), aspartate transaminase (P= 0·002), γ-glutamyltransferase (P= 0·003) as well as total cholesterol (P= 0·009), TAG (P< 0·001), HDL-cholesterol (P< 0·001) and LDL-cholesterol (P= 0·01) in the treatment group compared with the control group. No significant difference was seen between the two groups in serum concentration of alkaline phosphatase. Overall, garlic powder supplementation improved hepatic features and lipid profile among NAFLD patients.
Effect of walnut consumption on markers of blood glucose control: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Neale Elizabeth P. , Guan Vivienne , Tapsell Linda C. , Probst Yasmine C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease increasing in global prevalence. Although habitual consumption of walnuts is associated with reduced risk of CVD, there is inconsistent evidence for the impact of walnut consumption on markers of glycaemic control. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the effect of walnut consumption on markers of blood glucose control. A systematic search of Medline, PubMed, CINAHL and Cochrane databases (to 2 March 2019) was conducted. Inclusion criteria were randomised controlled trials conducted with adults which assessed the effect of walnut consumption on fasting blood glucose and insulin, glycated Hb and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted to assess the weighted mean differences (WMD) for each outcome. Risk of bias in studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 2.0. Sixteen studies providing eighteen effect sizes were included in the review. Consumption of walnuts did not result in significant changes in fasting blood glucose levels (WMD: 0·331 mg/dl; 95 % CI −0·817, 1·479) or other outcome measures. Studies were determined to have either ‘some concerns’ or be at ‘high risk’ of bias. There was no evidence of an effect of walnut consumption on markers of blood glucose control. These findings suggest that the known favourable effects of walnut intake on CVD are not mediated via improvements in glycaemic control. Given the high risk of bias observed in the current evidence base, there is a need for further high-quality randomised controlled trials.
The link between health technology assessment and decision making for the allocation of health resources in Latin America
Authors: Pichon-Riviere Andrés , Augustovski Federico , García Martí Sebastián , Alfie Verónica , Sampietro-Colom Laura 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveOne of the good practice principles for health technology assessment (HTA) is having a clear link between the assessment and decision making. The objective of the 2019 Latin American Policy Forum (LatamPF) of Health Technology Assessment International was to explore different models of connection between HTA and decision making and to discuss the potential applicability of such models in Latin America.MethodsThis paper is based on a background document and the deliberations of the members of the LatamPF (fifty-four participants from twelve countries) where a design-thinking methodology was used.ResultsThe participants agreed that insufficient links between HTA and decision making undermine the legitimacy of decisions, expose the HTA process to excessive political and judicial influence, and promote the exclusion of some stakeholders from participating in the assessment process and decision making. High priority aspects of the HTA process that could feasibly be improved and which hold the greatest potential to generate positive changes in the health systems in the region were identified. The majority of these aspects were associated with the appropriate institutionalization of HTA, a greater degree of participation by different stakeholders, and improved transparency in the HTA process.ConclusionsThe LatamPF identified barriers and recommended actions to strengthen the link between HTA and decision making. Participants emphasized that there is now a window of opportunity in the region as many societal actors see this as a priority. For this reason, health system stakeholders must take this opportunity to increase efforts toward strengthening the link between HTA and decision making.
Association between dietary sodium intake and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the US population
Authors: Zhou Long , Yang Yuxuan , Feng Yang , Zhao Xiaodan , Fan Yameng , Rong Jie , Zhao Liancheng , Yu Yan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjective:To explore the association between dietary Na intake and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a nationally representative sample of the US population.Design:In this cross-sectional study, the associations between Na intake and NAFLD, defined by the hepatic steatosis index (HSI) and the fatty liver index (FLI), were assessed through multivariable logistic regression models.Setting:Communities in the USA from 2007 to 2014.Participants:Men and women aged 20 years and older.Results:A total of 11 022 participants were included in the HSI-defined NAFLD analysis, and a subsample of 5320 participants was included in the FLI-defined NAFLD analysis. Compared with the lowest quartile of Na intake, the highest quartile had a multivariate-adjusted OR and 95 % CI of 1·46 (1·29, 1·65) for NAFLD as defined by HSI, and 1·41 (1·18, 1·69) for NAFLD as defined by FLI. This association was, to some degree, attenuated but remained significant after adjusting for several related metabolic parameters, including BMI, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, and diabetes.Conclusions:Findings from the current study indicate that dietary Na intake is positively associated with NAFLD in US adults.
Flumioxazin effects on soybean canopy formation and soil-borne pathogen presence
Authors: Priess Grant L , Norsworthy Jason K , Roberts Trenton L , Spurlock Terry N 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRapid crop canopy formation is important to reduce weed emergence and selection for herbicide resistance. Field experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 in Fayetteville, AR, to evaluate the impacts of PRE applications of flumioxazin on soybean injury, soybean density, canopy formation, and incidence of soil-borne pathogens. Flumioxazin was applied at 0, 70, and 105 g ai ha−1to predetermined flumioxazin-tolerant and -sensitive soybean varieties. Flumioxazin at 70 g ha−1injured the tolerant and sensitive varieties from 0% to 4% and 14% to 15%, respectively. When averaged over flumioxazin rates, density of the sensitive variety was only reduced in 2017 when activation of flumioxazin was delayed 7 d. Compared to the tolerant soybean variety, flumioxazin at 70 g ha−1delayed the sensitive variety from reaching 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% groundcover by 15, 16, 11, and 5 d, respectively. No delay in canopy closure (95% groundcover) was observed with either variety. Consequently, no yield loss occurred for either variety following a flumioxazin application. Flumioxazin did not impact root colonization ofDidymella, Fusarium, Macrophomina, orRhizoctonia.Pythiumcolonization of the soybean stem was increased by flumioxazin in 2017, but not in 2018. Increased injury, delays in percent groundcover, and an increase inPythiumcolonization of soybean following a flumioxazin application may warrant the need for other soil-applied herbicides at soybean planting. Alternatively, soybean injury and delays in percent groundcover following flumioxazin applications can be mitigated through appropriate variety selection; however, comprehensive screening is needed to determine which varieties are most tolerant to flumioxazin.
Multimodel Future Projections of the Regional Vegetation‐Climate System Over East Asia: Comparison Between Two Ensemble Approaches
Authors: Liu Weiguang , Wang Guiling , Yu Miao , Chen Haishan , Jiang Yelin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study compares two ensemble methods, pseudo global warming (PGW) and multimodel ensemble (MME) mean in evaluating future vegetation‐climate changes and feedback over East Asia using a regional model driven with boundary conditions derived from historical and RCP8.5 runs of four global models. Over most of the domain, MME and PGW produce similar future climate changes, except for two regions: over Northeast Asia, MME projects less winter warming and less increase of summer precipitation than PGW, and over North China Plain, MME projects greater increase of summer precipitation than PGW. Both PGW and MME project greater leaf area index (LAI) and expansion of tree coverage at the expense of grass over most of the domain due to elevated CO2 concentration and climate change. However, over Northeast China, PGW and three ensemble members project an increase of temperate trees at the expense of boreal trees or grass and a decrease of LAI, and one ensemble member projects a loss of forest to grassland. Both PGW and MME identify two hotspots of vegetation‐temperature feedback, including the Northeast China where the projected loss of boreal evergreen forest causes a significant winter cooling (which offsets a major portion of greenhouse gas‐induced warming) and the Tibetan Plateau where the projected LAI increase and vegetation expansion lead to a significant winter warming through reduced albedo. The vegetation feedback impact on precipitation is similar between the two approaches, including a significant wet signal in a belt between 30°N and 40°N during winter and over the Tibetan Plateau during summer.
Exosomes with low miR-34c-3p expression promote invasion and migration of non-small cell lung cancer by upregulating integrin α2β1
Authors: Huang Wenjing , Yan Yanyan , Liu Yun , Lin Minting , Ma Jinxiang , Zhang Wei , Dai Jianwei , Li Jiajun , Guo Qiaoru , Chen Hubiao , Makabel Bolat , Liu Hong , Su Chaoyue , Bi Hong , Zhang Jianye 
Published: April 2020

AbstractExosomes play critical roles in regulating various physiological and pathological processes, including immune stimulation, immune suppression, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. Recent studies show that exosomes that transport specific microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in tumor development. However, the molecular mechanism by which tumor invasion and migration are regulated by exosomes from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is not well understood. Here, we show that exosomes shuttling low levels of miR-34c-3p are involved in NSCLC progression. Our results showed that exosomes derived from NSCLC cells carrying low levels of miR-34c-3p could be transported into the cytoplasm of NSCLC cells and accelerate NSCLC invasion and migration by upregulating integrin α2β1. A luciferase assay revealed that integrin α2β1 was the direct target of miR-34c-3p, and overexpression of integrin α2β1 could promote the invasion and migration of NSCLC cells. The analysis of exosomes derived from clinical serum samples indicated that the expression of miR-34c-3p was significantly downregulated in exosomes from NSCLC patients compared with that of normal controls. A549-derived exosomes promoted NSCLC cells lung metastases in vivo. Exosomes shuttling low levels of miR-34c-3p were associated with the progression of NSCLC in vitro and in vivo. Our data demonstrate that exosomes shuttling low levels of miR-34c-3p can accelerate the invasion and migration of NSCLC by upregulating integrin α2β1. MiR-34c-3p can be a diagnostic and prognostic marker for NSCLC. High expression of integrin α2β1 is positively related to the migration and metastasis of NSCLC cells.
Facilitating translational science in anxiety disorders by adjusting extinction training in the laboratory to exposure-based therapy procedures
Authors: Hollandt Maike , Wroblewski Adrian , Yang Yunbo , Ridderbusch Isabelle C. , Kircher Tilo , Hamm Alfons O. , Straube Benjamin , Richter Jan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractExtinction learning is suggested to be a central mechanism during exposure-based cognitive behavioral psychotherapy. A positive association between the patients’ pretreatment extinction learning performance and treatment outcome would corroborate the hypothesis. Indeed, there is first correlational evidence between reduced extinction learning and therapy efficacy. However, the results of these association studies may be hampered by extinction-training protocols that do not match treatment procedures. Therefore, we developed an extinction-training protocol highly tailored to the procedure of exposure therapy and tested it in two samples of 46 subjects in total. By using instructed fear acquisition training, including a consolidation period overnight, we wanted to ensure that the conditioned fear response was well established prior to extinction training, which is the case in patients with anxiety disorders prior to treatment. Moreover, the extinction learning process was analyzed on multiple response levels, comprising unconditioned stimulus (US) expectancy ratings, autonomic responses, defensive brain stem reflexes, and neural activation using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Using this protocol, we found robust fear conditioning and slow-speed extinction learning. We also observed within-group heterogeneity in extinction learning, albeit a stable fear response at the beginning of the extinction training. Finally, we found discordance between different response systems, suggesting that multiple processes are involved in extinction learning. The paradigm presented here might help to ameliorate the association between extinction learning performance assessed in the laboratory and therapy outcomes and thus facilitate translational science in anxiety disorders.
Engineering nanomedicines through boosting immunogenic cell death for improved cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Gao Jing , Wang Wei-qi , Pei Qing , Lord Megan S. , Yu Hai-jun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCurrent cancer immunotherapy has limited response rates in a large variety of solid tumors partly due to the low immunogenicity of the tumor cells and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (ITM). A number of clinical cancer treatment modalities, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, photothermal and photodynamic therapy, have been shown to elicit immunogenicity by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD). However, ICD-based immunotherapy is restricted by the ITM limiting its efficacy in eliciting a long-term antitumor immune response, and by severe systemic toxicity. To address these challenges, nanomedicine-based drug delivery strategies have been exploited for improving cancer immunotherapy by boosting ICD of the tumor cells. Nanosized drug delivery systems are promising for increasing drug accumulation at the tumor site and codelivering ICD inducers and immune inhibitors to simultaneously elicit the immune response and relieve the ITM. This review highlights the recent advances in nanomedicine-based immunotherapy utilizing ICD-based approaches. A perspective on the clinical translation of nanomedicine-based cancer immunotherapy is also provided.