bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective Determination of Airway Response to Upper Airway Stimulation: A New Opportunity for Advanced Device Titration
Authors: Jenks Carolyn M. , Yu Jason L. , Schmitt Katherine A. , Schwab Richard J. , Thaler Erica R. 
Published: June 2020

Objectives/HypothesisResponse to upper airway stimulation (UAS) is associated with the degree of airway opening during stimulation. UAS programming may affect this opening. The objective of this study was to examine airway changes in response to five different electrode configurations programmable within the Inspire UAS system.Study DesignProspective single‐arm cohort study.MethodsSubjects who underwent UAS implantation were recruited for a prospective single‐arm cohort study during UAS device activation. Functional thresholds were recorded for all settings. Awake nasopharyngoscopy was performed to examine the retropalatal (RP) and retroglossal (RG) regions at rest and during activation with all settings at their functional thresholds. Cross‐sectional measurements were made by two blinded reviewers and reported as percent change in airway size.ResultsSixteen patients were included. The standard setting (+‐+) resulted in the greatest change in RP area in 43.8% of patients. An alternative setting resulted in greatest change in 56.2% of patients (‐‐‐ and o‐o in 18.8% each, ‐o‐ in 12.5%, and ‐+‐ in 6.3% of patients). Average response to all five settings was utilized to classify degree of palatoglossal coupling. Most patients had some enlargement (20%–70% change in RP area, 43.8%) or no enlargement (<20% change, 43.8%), whereas a minority of patients (12.5%) had marked enlargement (>70% change). RP and RG expansion were not correlated.ConclusionDegree of RP expansion varied among patients and settings. Although the standard setting resulted in greatest RP change in a plurality of patients, over half had a greater response to an alternative setting. Future studies should address whether choice of setting based on RP expansion results in improved outcomes.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:218–223, 2021
Changes in soil pool capacity for lead in response to conversion of rainforest to rubber plantations in Hainan Island, China
Authors: Zhou Yujie , Qiu Yong , Wu Zhipeng , Xu Yujiao , Li Jianhong , Zhang Lingling , Luo Chunyan , Zhao Qingjie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLand degradation caused by deforestation seriously affects the soil environmental capacity (SEC), with potential risks to soil health. However, conventional SEC theory is unable to quantitatively describe the saturation capacity of different soil fractions and environmental pollution levels of a heterogeneous system. Thus, a new concept, the soil pool capacity (SPC), was introduced to fill this gap. We undertook space‐for‐time substitution to investigate the responses of SPCand soil safety capacity (SSC) to changes in the soil physiochemical properties, chemical species, and molecular characteristics of soil lead (Pb) in the conversion of tropical secondary rainforest (TSR) to rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) monoculture plantations with 15‐ and 60‐year histories (RP15/60). Conversion of TSR to RP15/60 caused adverse effects on soil properties (i.e., lower soil organic matter [SOM] and higher bulk density [BD]). The saturated SPC (SPCsat) for Pb in bulk soils under RP15 (2,203.17 g m−2) and RP60 (1,634.09 g m−2) decreased compared with that in TSR (2,227.10 g m−2). The contribution rates of SPCsat in the exchangeable (P1) and carbonate (P2) pools to the total capacity stabilized at approximately 94%. The contribution rate of potential SPCsat in P4 (OM‐bound Pb) significantly decreased with increasing agricultural intensity. The SSC of labile fractions (P1 + P2) accounted for 81–85% (a critical level) of the total SSC when the soil loading capacity for Pb reached the SSC in bulk soil regardless of land‐use type. Fourier transform infrared and X‐ray diffraction spectra revealed the Pb‐loaded species of SPCsat in TSR and RP15/60 (i.e., TSR: Pb2SiO4 in P2, (CH3COO)2Pb in P4, RP15/60: Pb5Si8O21 and Pb2(P4O12) in P2, and (CHOO)2Pb in P4). Correlation and factor analyzes showed that SOM and BD were key factors that had an opposite impact on SPCsat and SSC. These results are helpful to choose appropriate agronomic measurements to reduce land degradation and crop safety risks caused by deforestation.
Wide Area Reversible Adhesive for In‐Space Assembly
Authors: Meyer Jacob L. , Lan Pixiang , Bakir Mete , Jasiuk Iwona , Economy James 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe design of future space structures may anticipate a greater need for in‐space assembly due to larger planned space structures and changes in mission profiles over their operational lifetimes. A rapid and reversible adhesive coating over the structure’s surface would allow additional components to be bonded at any arbitrary time in the future. A scalable wide‐area reversible adhesive utilizing a high glass transition thermoset polymer possessing thermally exchangeable bonds can serve as an enabling technology for in‐space assembly. Coatings of aromatic thermosetting copolyesters can be deposited on aluminum and titanium coupons, which bond when heated to 400 °C with the counterpart surfaces under pressure. Reversibility over multiple cycles is shown within a dynamic mechanical analyzer with the limiting constraint being the necessity of nondelaminatory (cohesive) debonding of the bonded coupons. Bonded coupons can sustain a thermal cycle spanning the representative temperatures in low earth orbit under tension with no failure. A localized rapid heating method amenable for in‐space assembly can be used to bond titanium coupons using induction heating with a bonding time of 40 s.
Evaluation of persons with suspected lumbosacral and cervical radiculopathy: Electrodiagnostic assessment and implications for treatment and outcomes (Part I)
Authors: Dillingham Timothy R. , Annaswamy Thiru M. , Plastaras Christopher T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPersons with back, neck, and limb symptoms constitute a major referral population to specialists in electrodiagnostic (EDX) medicine. The evaluation of these patients involves consideration of both the common and less common disorders. The EDX examination with needle electromyography (EMG) is the most important means of testing for radiculopathy. This test has modest sensitivity but high specificity and well complements imaging of the spine. Needle EMG in combination with nerve conduction testing is valuable in excluding entrapment neuropathies and polyneuropathy―conditions that frequently mimic radicular symptoms. In this first of a two‐part review, the optimal EDX evaluation of persons with suspected radiculopathy is presented. In part two, the implications of EDX findings for diagnosis and clinical management of persons with radiculopathy are reviewed.
Numerical analysis of a continuous Galerkin method for damped sine‐Gordon equation
Authors: Zhao Zhihui , Li Hong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this article, we discuss the numerical solution for the two‐dimensional (2‐D) damped sine‐Gordon equation by using a space–time continuous Galerkin method. This method allows variable time steps and space mesh structures and its discrete scheme has good stability which are necessary for adaptive computations on unstructured grids. Meanwhile, it can easily get the higher‐order accuracy in both space and time directions. The existence and uniqueness to the numerical solution are strictly proved and a priori error estimate in maximum‐norm is given without any space–time grid conditions attached. Also, we prove that if the mesh in each time level is generated in a reasonable way, we can get the optimal order of convergence in both temporal and spatial variables. Finally, the convergence rates are presented and analyzed by some numerical experiments to illustrate the validity of the scheme.
Numerical simulation of gas‐assisted polymer‐melt electrospinning: Parametric study of a multinozzle system for mass production
Authors: Kwon Youbin , Yoon Jihyun , Jeon Seung‐Yeol , Cho Daehwan , Lee Kwangjin , Ahn SeungHyun , Yu Woong‐Ryeol 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, we developed a multiphysics model for simulation of a gas‐assisted melt‐electrospinning (GAME) process, focusing on jet formation and propagation behavior. By numerically calculating the stresses acting on the jet during a single‐nozzle GAME process, the shear viscous stress was identified as the main factor with respect to jet stretch; thus, the relationship between shear viscous stress and jet thickness was investigated. The jet stretch ratio increased sharply when shear viscous stress reached the level at which jet sharpening occurred, leading to stable jet formation. We defined this stress as the critical shear viscous stress to determine stable spinnability. By imposing an electric field distribution calculated for a multi‐nozzle array (number of nozzles, tip‐to‐tip distance, and applied voltage) on the boundary condition of the single‐nozzle GAME simulation model, multinozzle GAME was simulated; this enabled proposal of a spinnability diagram for stable spinning.
Associations between individual and collective efficacy beliefs and students' bystander behavior
Authors: Sjögren Björn , Thornberg Robert , Wänström Linda , Gini Gianluca 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study examined whether defending and passive bystanding during peer victimization episodes were associated with individual‐ and classroom‐level efficacy to stop peer victimization. Self‐report survey data were analyzed from 1,467 Swedish fourth‐grade students (mean age = 10.55) from 100 classrooms in 63 schools. Multilevel analyses revealed that, when witnessing peer victimization, students more often defended victims if they were high in defender self‐efficacy and if they belonged to classrooms high in collective efficacy. In contrast, students were more likely to remain passive if they were low in defender self‐efficacy and if they belonged to classrooms low in collective efficacy. Taken together, our findings suggest that efficacy beliefs both at the individual and at the classroom level contribute to explaining variability in students' bystander behaviors, which has potential implications for prevention and intervention work.
Distributed sliding mode control for leader‐follower formation flight of fixed‐wing unmanned aerial vehicles subject to velocity constraints
Authors: Wang Xiangke , Yu Yangguang , Li Zhongkui 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThis paper considers the leader‐follower formation flight of fixed‐wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) subject to velocity constraints. A novel distributed sliding mode control law is proposed for each UAV, whose kinematics is described by a unicycle model with a saturated angular velocity and a bounded linear velocity within an interval. The designed control law of each follower UAV only uses its own information and the information of its leader UAV. Driven by the designed control law, the desired formation is achieved with rigorous proof, while the follower UAVs' constraints of both the linear and angular velocities are satisfied. Moreover, the follower's speed adjustment range is relaxed and not required to be strictly larger than their leaders'. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to verify the results.
Stabilizing nonlinear Markov jump systems with orthogonality between control and nonlinear terms
Authors: Vargas Alessandro N. , Filho Sérgio M. , Agulhari Cristiano M. , Montezuma Marcio A. F. , Costa Eduardo F. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThis article presents conditions to assure the second‐moment stability for a class of nonlinear Markov jump systems. The main assumption requires that the control and nonlinear terms form orthogonal vectors, a novel condition in the context of Markov jump systems. The second‐moment stability is verified through linear matrix inequalities—the conditions account the case in which the Markovian mode is either accessible or inaccessible to the controller. A real‐time automotive application illustrates the potential benefits of our approach.
Hydroxyl‐Rich Deep Eutectic Solvents Assistant Synthesis of VPO and Its Application in Selective Oxidation of n‐Butane
Authors: Shi Yanan , Dai Fei , Zhang Ting , He Bin , Zhang Ruirui , Liu Ruixia , Ren Baozeng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDeep eutectic solvents (DESs) consisting of choline chloride (ChCl) and polyols (Ethylene glycol (EG), 1,4‐Butanediol (BDO), Glycerol (GL), and Xylitol (XYL)) as a green and effective promoter assisting the synthesis of vanadium phosphorus oxide (VPO) were innovatively proposed and investigated in detail for the selective oxidation of n‐butane to maleic anhydride (MA). The catalytic results showed that the performance of VPO catalysts was improved significantly with the addition of polyols DESs. A combination of techniques including SEM, TEM, XRD, FT‐IR, Raman, XPS, and TG‐DTA were employed to investigate the effect of DES on the structure of VPO. We correlated the structure of the catalysts with catalytic performance and found that the n‐butane conversion was positively correlated with the intensity ratio of I (020)/I (204) for catalysts, and the MA selectivity of VPO catalysts was negatively correlated with the vanadium average oxidation state on the catalyst surface.
Alcohol Oxidation in the Presence of Methyl Chlorosulfonate and Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Authors: Davidovich Yuriy A. , Kozlov Sergei V. , Smushkevich Yuriy I. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe reaction of methyl chlorosulfonate with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was studied at various temperatures. The interaction of dimethyl sulfoxide‐sulfur trioxide complex with various alcohols in the presence of triethylamine (Et3N) was investigated. The results showed that this complex oxidizes the primary and secondary alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl compounds in excellent yields.
Adsorption of Cd2+ and Zn2+ on Carboxylated Polyvinyl Alcohol
Authors: Lu Mang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, vinyl acetate (VAc) and acrylic acid (AA) was first copolymerized in methanol to prepare the copolymer of poly(VAc‐co‐AA). Then poly(VAc‐co‐AA) was modified through alcoholysis reaction to obtain a carboxyl modified polyvinyl alcohol (carboxyl modified PVA). The carboxyl modified polyvinyl alcohol was first used for the adsorption of heavy metal ions. The structure of the carboxyl modified polyvinyl alcohol was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray Diffraction (XRD). The effect of pH, contact time and metal ion concentration on the adsorption were investigated. The optimum pH value was found out to be 6 for Zn2+ and 7 for Cd2+, respectively. The adsorption capacity of Cd2+ and Zn2+ increased rapidly in the first 36 h contact time and then leveled off. The adsorption capacity of Cd2+ and Zn2+ increased gradually with equilibrium concentration Ce up to 150 mg/L in the solution. The adsorption process obeyed the pseudo second‐order kinetics and Langmuir adsorption model. The highest metal uptake for Cd2+ and Zn2+ were 52.41 and 49.98 mg/g, respectively. In all adsorption processes, the enthalpy change (ΔH) and free energy change (ΔG) were negative, implying that the adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous.
A High‐Capacity Negative Electrode for Asymmetric Supercapacitors Based on a PMo12 Coordination Polymer with Novel Water‐Assisted Proton Channels
Authors: Wang Guangning , Chen Tingting , Gómez‐García Carlos J. , Zhang Feng , Zhang Mingyi , Ma Huiyuan , Pang Haijun , Wang Xinming , Tan Lichao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe development of a negative electrode for supercapacitors is a critical challenge for the next‐generation of energy‐storage devices. Herein, two new electrodes formed by the coordination polymers [Ni(itmb)4(HPMo12O40)]·2H2O (1) and [Zn(itmb)3(H2O)(HPMo12O40)]·4H2O (2) (itmb = 1‐(imidazo‐1‐ly)‐4‐(1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐ylmethyl)benzene), synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method, are described. Compounds 1 and 2 show high capacitances of 477.9 and 890.2 F g−1, respectively. An asymmetric supercapacitor device assembled using 2 which has novel water‐assisted proton channels as negative electrode and active carbon as positive electrode shows ultrahigh energy density and power density of 23.4 W h kg−1 and 3864.4 W kg−1, respectively. Moreover, the ability to feed a red light emitting diode (LED) also demonstrates the feasibility for practical use. The results allow a better elucidation of the storage mechanism in polyoxometalate‐based coordination polymers and provide a promising direction for exploring novel negative materials for new‐generation high‐performance supercapacitors.
Effects of Dual Pullulanase‐Debranching and Temperature‐Cycling Treatments on Physicochemical Properties and In Vitro Digestibility of Sago Starch and Its Application in Chinese Steamed Buns
Authors: Bunyasetthakun Theerapat , Huang Qiang , Sureepisan Kanchana , Suphantharika Manop , Tangsrianugul Nuttinee , Wongsagonsup Rungtiwa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEffects of dual pullulanase‐debranching (PD) and temperature‐cycling (TC) treatments on the physicochemical properties and in vitro digestibility of sago starch as well as its potential application in Chinese steamed buns (Mantou) is investigated. Sago starch are debranched using PD (30 pullulanase unit per g) for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 h before subjecting to TC (4/30 °C, for 24 h each) for 3 cycles. The modified sago starch (MSS) obtained at the optimum conditions is used to replace wheat flour at 20%, 30%, and 40% for production of Mantou. All the MSS samples exhibit B‐type crystalline pattern and have lower relative crystallinity than the native starch. The PD results in an increase in the relative crystallinity of the MSS. The 8 h PD followed by TC storage are the optimum conditions for producing MSS with the highest slowly digestible starch (10.76%) and the lowest rapidly digestible starch (81.61%) contents. The physical, textural, and sensorial properties of Mantou decrease with increasing substitution level of the MSS due to a reduction of gluten network and a detrimental effect of retrograded starch. However, the Mantou containing 20% MSS substitution is found to be acceptable based on the sensory evaluation.
The Chinese approach to artificial intelligence: an analysis of policy, ethics, and regulation
Authors: Roberts Huw , Cowls Josh , Morley Jessica , Taddeo Mariarosaria , Wang Vincent , Floridi Luciano 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn July 2017, China’s State Council released the country’s strategy for developing artificial intelligence (AI), entitled ‘New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan’ (新一代人工智能发展规划). This strategy outlined China’s aims to become the world leader in AI by 2030, to monetise AI into a trillion-yuan (ca. 150 billion dollars) industry, and to emerge as the driving force in defining ethical norms and standards for AI. Several reports have analysed specific aspects of China’s AI policies or have assessed the country’s technical capabilities. Instead, in this article, we focus on the socio-political background and policy debates that are shaping China’s AI strategy. In particular, we analyse the main strategic areas in which China is investing in AI and the concurrent ethical debates that are delimiting its use. By focusing on the policy backdrop, we seek to provide a more comprehensive and critical understanding of China’s AI policy by bringing together debates and analyses of a wide array of policy documents.
Diagnostic accuracy of positron emission tomography/computed tomography-driven biopsy for the diagnosis of lymphoma
Authors: Broccoli Alessandro , Nanni Cristina , Cappelli Alberta , Bacci Francesco , Gasbarrini Alessandro , Tabacchi Elena , Piovani Carlo , Argnani Lisa , Ghermandi Riccardo , Sabattini Elena , Golfieri Rita , Fanti Stefano , Zinzani Pier Luigi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Biopsy of affected tissue is required for lymphoma diagnosis and to plan treatment. Open incisional biopsy is traditionally the method of choice. Nevertheless, it requires hospitalization, availability of an operating room, and sometimes general anesthesia, and it is associated with several drawbacks. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) can be potentially used to drive biopsy to the most metabolically active area within a lymph node or extranodal masses.

Methods
A study of diagnostic accuracy was conducted to assess the performance of a PET-driven needle biopsy in patients with suspect active lymphoma.

Results
Overall, 99 procedures have been performed: three (3.0%) were interrupted because of pain but were successfully repeated in two cases. Median SUVmax of target lesions was 10.7. In 84/96 cases, the tissue was considered adequate to formulate a diagnosis (diagnostic yield of 87.5%) and to guide the following clinical decision. The target specimen was a lymph node in 60 cases and an extranodal site in 36. No serious adverse events occurred. The sensitivity of this procedure was 96%, with a specificity of 100%, a positive predictive value of 100%, and a negative predictive value of 75%.

Conclusion
Patients can benefit from a minimally invasive procedure which allows a timely and accurate diagnosis of lymphoma at onset or relapse.
3D modelling of beach topography changes caused by the tombolo phenomenon using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry on the example of the city of Sopot
Authors: Specht Cezary , Dabrowski Pawel S. , Specht Mariusz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn 2011, a yacht marina was built in Sopot (the largest holiday resort in Poland), which initiated the formation of a local shallowing of the bottom related to the tombolo effect. The building of the marina led to disturbances in the transmission of bottom deposits along the coast, which resulted from waves and the shift of the beach coastline by approx. 50 m towards the sea. Its effects include progressive morphological changes in the shore and the sea bottom, which will lead to the formation of a peninsula between the shore and the marina in the future. This paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of the accuracy of 3D modelling of the tombolo phenomenon in the onshore part of the beach using both point clouds obtained by terrestrial laser scanning methods and photogrammetric methods based on unmanned aerial vehicle photographs. The methods subjected to assessment include both those for land modelling and for determining the coastline course and its changes. The analysis results prove the existence of sub-metre differences in the imaged relief and the coastline course, which were demonstrated using an analysis of land cross-sections. The possibilities and limitations of both methods are demonstrated as well.