bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social capital in the creation of AI perception
Authors: Inaba Yoji , Togawa Kazunari 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNumerous studies over the past 30 years have examined the relationship between social capital (SC) and information and communication technology (ICT). However, few studies have examined the association between artificial intelligence (AI) and SC. This study addresses this gap using a Web survey (n = 5000) carried out in the Tokyo metropolitan area in Japan in 2018. The survey included questions on ICT literacy and SC (networks, trust, norms of reciprocity), as well as questions on perceptions of AI including its impact on society. Based on the survey, we extracted four SC factors: cognitive SC, and three forms of structural SC, namely contacts with others, group participations, and SC at work place. We found a statistically significant positive association between SC and positive perceptions of AI through ITC literacy. SC is indirectly associated with AI perception by enhancing ICT literacy, and then ICT literacy enhances AI perception. This indirect effect seems to be mainly caused by two types of structural SC: SC through group participations and SC at work place. Besides this indirect effect, SC has direct effect on AI perception. Cognitive SC has direct positive association with AI perception, whereas structural SC in the form of contacts with others was negatively associated with AI perception. Thus, structural SC has an ambivalent effect on AI perception. Structural SC through group participation as well as SC at work place may work for the positive perceptions of AI through ICT literacy, while those with higher level of contacts with others tend to be cautious toward AI. Both cognitive SC and structural SC assume important roles for the smooth transition into the AI era. Policy makers should be aware of the difference in the way each of these SC forms affects AI perception. SC seems to have mainly promotional impact on the AI perception. However, the precautionary function of SC should not be put on the back burner for the sound social acceptance of AI. In any case, SC assumes an important role in the creation of AI perception.
In vitro inhibition of human cytochrome P450 enzymes by the novel atypical antipsychotic drug asenapine: a prediction of possible drug–drug interactions
Authors: Wójcikowski Jacek , Danek Przemysław J. , Basińska-Ziobroń Agnieszka , Pukło Renata , Daniel Władysława A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes is the most common cause of harmful drug–drug interactions. The present study aimed at examining the inhibitory effect of the novel antipsychotic drug asenapine on the main CYP enzymes in human liver.

Methods
The experiments were performed in vitro using pooled human liver microsomes and the human cDNA-expressed CYP enzymes: CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 (Supersomes). Activities of CYP enzymes were determined using the CYP-specific reactions: caffeine 3-N-demethylation (CYP1A2), diclofenac 4′-hydroxylation (CYP2C9), perazine N-demethylation (CYP2C19), bufuralol 1′-hydroxylation (CYP2D6), and testosterone 6β-hydroxylation (CYP3A4). The rates of the CYP-specific reactions were assessed in the absence and presence of asenapine using HPLC.

Results
The obtained results showed that both in human liver microsomes and Supersomes asenapine potently and to a similar degree inhibited the activity of CYP1A2 via a mixed mechanism (Ki = 3.2 μM in liver microsomes and Supersomes) and CYP2D6 via a competitive mechanism (Ki = 1.75 and 1.89 μM in microsomes and Supersomes, respectively). Moreover, asenapine attenuated the CYP3A4 activity via a non-competitive mechanism (Ki = 31.3 and 27.3 μM in microsomes and Supersomes, respectively). In contrast, asenapine did not affect the activity of CYP2C9 or CYP2C19.

Conclusion
The potent inhibition of CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 by asenapine, demonstrated in vitro, will most probably be observed also in vivo, since the calculated Ki values are close to the presumed concentration range for asenapine in the liver in vivo. Therefore, pharmacokinetic interactions involving asenapine and CYP2D6 or CYP1A2 substrates are likely to occur during their co-administration to patients.
Twitter metrics complement traditional conference evaluations to evaluate knowledge translation at a National Emergency Medicine Conference
Authors: Yiu Stella , Dewhirst Sebastian , Jalali Ali , Lee A. Curtis , Frank Jason R 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesConferences are designed for knowledge translation, but traditional conference evaluations are inadequate. We lack studies that explore alternative metrics to traditional evaluation metrics. We sought to determine how traditional evaluation metrics and Twitter metrics performed using data from a conference of the Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians (CAEP).MethodsThis study used a retrospective design to compare social media posts and tradition evaluations related to an annual specialty conference. A post (“tweet”) on the social media platform Twitter was included if it associated with a session. We differentiated original and discussion tweets from retweets. We weighted the numbers of tweets and retweets to comprise a novel Twitter Discussion Index. We extracted the speaker score from the conference evaluation. We performed descriptive statistics and correlation analyses.ResultsOf a total of 3,804 tweets, 2,218 (58.3%) were session-specific. Forty-eight percent (48%) of all sessions received tweets (mean = 11.7 tweets; 95% CI of 0 to 57.5; range, 0–401), with a median Twitter Discussion Index score of 8 (interquartile range, 0 to 27). In the 111 standard presentations, 85 had traditional evaluation metrics and 71 received tweets (p > 0.05), while 57 received both. Twenty (20 of 71; 28%) moderated posters and 44% (40 of 92) posters or oral abstracts received tweets without traditional evaluation metrics. We found no significant correlation between Twitter Discussion Index and traditional evaluation metrics (R = 0.087).ConclusionsWe found no correlation between traditional evaluation metrics and Twitter metrics. However, in many sessions with and without traditional evaluation metrics, audience created real-time tweets to disseminate knowledge. Future conference organizers could use Twitter metrics as a complement to traditional evaluation metrics to evaluate knowledge translation and dissemination.
The role of parathyroid hormone during pregnancy on the relationship between maternal vitamin D deficiency and fetal growth restriction: a prospective birth cohort study
Authors: Meng Deng-Hong , Zhang Ying , Ma Shuang-Shuang , Hu Hong-Lin , Li Jing-Jing , Yin Wan-Jun , Tao Rui-Xue , Zhu Peng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPrevious studies have shown conflicting findings regarding the relationship between maternal vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and fetal growth restriction (FGR). We hypothesised that parathyroid hormone (PTH) may be an underlying factor relevant to this potential association. In a prospective birth cohort study, descriptive statistics were evaluated for the demographic characteristics of 3407 pregnancies in the second trimester from three antenatal clinics in Hefei, China. The association of the combined status of vitamin D and PTH with birth weight and the risk of small for gestational age (SGA) was assessed by a multivariate linear and binary logistic regression. We found that declined status of 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with lower birth weight (for moderate VDD: adjusted β = −49·4 g, 95 % CI −91·1, −7·8, P < 0·05; for severe VDD: adjusted β = −79·8 g, 95 % CI −127·2, −32·5, P < 0·01), as well as ascended levels of PTH (for elevated PTH: adjusted β = −44·5 g, 95 % CI −82·6, −6·4, P < 0·05). Compared with the non-VDD group with non-elevated PTH, pregnancies with severe VDD and elevated PTH had the lowest neonatal birth weight (adjusted β = −124·7 g, 95 % CI −194·6, −54·8, P < 0·001) and the highest risk of SGA (adjusted risk ratio (RR) = 3·36, 95 % CI 1·41, 8·03, P < 0·01). Notably, the highest risk of less Ca supplementation was founded in severe VDD group with elevated PTH (adjusted RR = 4·67, 95 % CI 2·78, 7·85, P < 0·001). In conclusion, elevated PTH induced by less Ca supplementation would further aggravate the risk of FGR in pregnancies with severe VDD through impaired maternal Ca metabolism homoeostasis.
Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in urban south Indians with different grades of glucose tolerance
Authors: Jayashri Ramamoorthy , Venkatesan Ulagamathesan , Shanthirani Coimbatore S. , Deepa Mohan , Anjana Ranjit Mohan , Mohan Viswanathan , Pradeepa Rajendra 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe present study assessed the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in an urban south Indian population in individuals with different grades of glucose tolerance. A total of 1500 individuals (900 normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 300 prediabetes and 300 with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)) who were not on vitamin D supplementation were randomly selected from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiological Study follow-up study. Anthropometric, clinical examination and biochemical investigations (25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), insulin, glycated Hb (HbA1c) and serum lipids) were measured. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum 25(OH)D < 20·0 ng/ml, insufficiency as 20–29·9 ng/ml and sufficiency as ≥30 ng/ml. Of the 1500 individuals studied, 45 % were males and the mean age was 46 (sd12) years. Vitamin D levels lowered with increasing degrees of glucose tolerance (NGT: 21 (sd11); prediabetes: 19 (sd10); T2DM: 18 (sd11) ng/ml,P< 0·001). The overall prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 55 % and was significantly higher among individuals with T2DM (63 %) followed by prediabetes (58 %) and NGT (51 %) (Pfor trend< 0·001). Women had 1·6 times the risk of vitamin D deficiency compared with men (unadjusted OR 1·6 (95 % CI 1·3, 2·0) and adjusted OR 1·6 (95 % CI 1·2, 1·9)). However, there was no increasing trend observed with increasing age. The prevalence of abdominal obesity (66v. 49 %), generalised obesity (80v. 64 %), the metabolic syndrome (45v. 37 %) and insulin resistance (38v. 27 %) was significantly higher in those with vitamin D deficiency compared with those without. This study shows that vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in this urban south Indian population and was higher among individuals with T2DM and prediabetes compared with those with NGT.
Behavioral Inhibition and Activation (BIS/BAS) Among Extremely Low Birth Weight Adult Survivors
Authors: Hassan Raha , Van Lieshout Ryan J. , Saigal Saroj , Schmidt Louis A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Although individual differences in behavioral inhibition and behavioral activation (BIS/BAS) are associated with differential risk of psychopathology in typical development, and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) survivors experience higher rates of psychopathology, measures of BIS/BAS have been largely unexplored in this population. As well, apparently no studies have examined the long-term stability of BIS/BAS in typical or atypical development. Ninety-nine ELBW survivors and 86 normal birth weight (NBW) control participants completed a measure of BIS/BAS at ages 22–26 and 30–35 years. At age 30–35 years we found that ELBW survivors scored lower on the BAS scale than NBW controls, but did not differ on the BIS scale. We also found evidence for long-term stability of BIS/BAS at the individual and rank-order levels, but not at the mean-level. These results highlight the importance of considering stability of motivational aspects of personality and also add to our understanding of how individual differences in these motivational tendencies may underlie psychopathology among ELBW survivors.
Temporal Evolution of Substorm‐Driven Global Alfvén Wave Power Above the Auroral Acceleration Region
Authors: Keiling Andreas , Thaller Scott , Dombeck John , Wygant John 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe onset of substorms is associated with bursty enhancements of Alfvén wave power throughout the magnetotail. While impossible to assess the total Alfvén wave power in the entire magnetotail, we have instead monitored waves that are funneled into the auroral acceleration region, in order to assess the temporal evolution of Alfvén wave power above the nightside auroral zone in relation to substorm phases. The substorms were grouped by three conditions: nonstorm periods, storm periods, and all (unconditioned) periods. Using superposed epoch analysis, we found that the global magnetohydrodynamic Alfvén wave power increased significantly at onset for all three conditions, while a power decrease to preonset values occurred within 2 hr. Specifically, the peak inflowing power during the expansion phase was 5.7 GW for unconditioned substorms, 5.6 GW for nonstorm‐time substorms, and 7.8 GW for storm‐time substorms. These results correspond to power increases with respect to preonset values of 138%, 366%, and 200%, respectively. Additional analysis in relation to the aurora was performed for nonstorm‐time substorms only. During the expansion phase, about 50% of the Alfvén wave power over the entire nightside auroral zone is collocated with the auroral bulge region. Furthermore, the total inflowing Alfvén wave power over the entire nightside auroral zone is 17% of the conjugate auroral power, while the inflowing power over the auroral bulge region is 32% of the conjugate aurora. However, allowing for a finite absorption efficiency inside the auroral acceleration region, the likely average Alfvénic contributions to the aurora are approximately 10% and 18%, respectively.
Two‐Dimensional Full‐Wave Simulation of Whistler Mode Wave Propagation Near the Local Lower Hybrid Resonance Frequency in a Dipole Field
Authors: Xu Xiang , Chen Lunjin , Zhou Chen , Liu Xu , Xia Zhiyang , Simpson Jamesina J. , Zhang Yuannong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe investigate the propagation of whistler mode waves near the local lower hybrid resonance (LHR) frequency in a dipole field with a two‐dimensional full‐wave model. First, we run a simulation in which a parallel whistler with frequency above the local LHR frequency is launched at the equatorial region in electron plasma. We find that whistler emission propagates along the dipole field line to a high latitude, turns quasi‐electrostatic where the wave frequency is close to the local LHR frequency, and continues to propagate until being absorbed. Then, the proton response is considered. We find that (1) a quasi‐electrostatic whistler reflects where the wave frequency is below the local LHR frequency and propagates to a larger L‐shell and lower latitude, (2) a strong standing‐wave pattern is formed in the LHR reflection region, and (3) the whistler emission turns from right‐hand circularly polarized to linearly polarized near the reflection region. Finally, we run a simulation in which a quasi‐electrostatic whistler is launched at a high latitude with a small‐scale density irregularity added as a depletion to the background plasma. We find that a small portion of quasi‐electrostatic whistler energy can be coupled to a parallel whistler, which can propagate to a much lower altitude while most of the wave energy experiences LHR reflection. Moreover, the mode coupling depends on the transverse and longitudinal sizes of the density irregularity. This makes a possible explanation of ground observations of nonducted whistler emission, which could have been reflected in the high‐latitude ionosphere and magnetosphere.
A DRP‐4DVar‐Based Coupled Data Assimilation System With a Simplified Off‐Line Localization Technique for Decadal Predictions
Authors: He Yujun , Wang Bin , Liu Li , Huang Wenyu , Xu Shiming , Liu Juanjuan , Wang Yong , Li Lijuan , Huang Xiaomeng , Peng Yiran , Lin Yanluan , Yu Yongqiang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA new weakly coupled data assimilation (CDA) system based on the dimension‐reduced projection four‐dimensional variational data assimilation (DRP‐4DVar) with a simplified off‐line localization technique and a fully coupled model, i.e., the Grid‐point Version 2 of Flexible Global Ocean‐Atmosphere‐Land System Model (FGOALS‐g2), was developed for the initialization of decadal predictions. A 1‐month assimilation window was adopted for the CDA system, in which monthly mean temperature and salinity analyses were assimilated along the trajectory of the coupled model during the initialization for the period of 1945–2006. The system is efficient because the 62‐year initialization only takes about 2.375 times of the time cost of the uninitialized run for the same period. Compared with the uninitialized simulation and the initialization without localization, ocean temperature and salinity, sea surface elevation, surface air temperature, and precipitation are in better agreement with the verification data. Furthermore, climate variabilities in the Pacific and Atlantic regions such as El Niño‐Southern Oscillation, Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) are more realistically captured. Starting from the initial conditions (ICs) generated by the initialization, 10‐member ensemble decadal prediction experiments were conducted each year from 1961 to 1996. The results demonstrate that higher decadal prediction skills of surface air temperature anomalies averaged over the globe, ocean, land, and the North Pacific subpolar gyre are achieved than those obtained from persistence, the uninitialized simulation, and the prediction initialized from the ICs without localization. Besides, PDO and AMO indices exhibit significant correlation skills in most lead times.
Assessment of Climate, Sizing, and Location Controls on Green Infrastructure Efficacy: A Timescale Framework
Authors: Hung F. , Harman C. J. , Hobbs B. F. , Sivapalan M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe investigate how the effectiveness of green infrastructure (GI) to mitigate the frequency and magnitude of significant discharge events and combined sewer overflows (CSOs) depend on both climate and sewershed characteristics and propose a theoretical framework for a holistic assessment of GI's efficacy. The framework is based on the comparison of three characteristic timescales that control the production of peak discharge: rainfall duration (tr), travel time in the sewer network (tn), and the duration of rain that would be required to fill the GI's storage (tGI). Storm events can then be characterized by two ratios of these timescales: Tn = tn/tGI and Tr = tr/tGI. A third dimensionless number characterizes critical storms during which adverse events (such as CSOs) occur and allows us to identify the combinations of Tn and Tr for which GI may substantially mitigate those events. The results of numerical experiments with the model demonstrate that the storms for which GI can substantially reduce peak discharge and CSO volume typically occur in a narrow band of Tn and Tr. Within that band, the efficacy of GI may depend on the location of GI within the sewershed if network routing substantially affects the timing and magnitude of flood peaks. The proposed framework is applied to examine the efficacy of GI using historical precipitation data from two major U.S. cities: Philadelphia, PA, and Seattle, WA, and the results of this comparative analysis suggest that GI location is an important control on catchment‐scale GI efficacy in Philadelphia, but less so in Seattle.
New Analytical Models for Flow Induced by Pumping in a Stream‐Aquifer System: A New Robin Boundary Condition Reflecting Joint Effect of Streambed Width and Storage
Authors: Huang Ching‐Sheng , Wang Zicheng , Lin Ye‐Chen , Yeh Hund‐Der , Yang Tao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA Robin type boundary condition (BC), commonly adopted at stream‐aquifer interface, excludes a term associated with streambed accounting for the effects of streambed storage and width. This study presents two new analytical models for describing confined flow induced by pumping in a stream‐aquifer system. One model considers a single‐zone aquifer and treats the streambed as a lagging Robin BC with a time lag parameter related to the effects. The other considers a two‐zone aquifer consisting of aquifer and streambed zones. A Dirichlet BC for stream water level is specified at the edge of the streambed. The time‐domain solutions of both models are developed to describe spatiotemporal drawdown and temporal stream filtration/depletion rate (SDR). The finite element solutions (FESs) of both models are also built. Results suggest the lag time equals the half of the squared streambed width divided by the streambed hydraulic diffusivity. The effects of streambed width and storage on SDR should be considered when their lumped parameter exceeds 0.1. Neglecting their effects causes 25% difference in SDR when the lumped parameter equals 10. Based on the FESs, the use of the lagging Robin BC takes nearly a tenth of computing time of obtaining accurate steady‐state SDR for the simulation of the two‐zone aquifer. In addition, the present solutions agree to a field SDR experiment conducted by Hunt et al. (2001, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745‐6584.2001.tb02310.x). To conclude, this study presents two new models for describing groundwater flow in a stream‐aquifer system and explores the joint effect of streambed width and storage on SDR.
The Polar Wind Modulated by the Spatial Inhomogeneity of the Strength of the Earth's Magnetic Field
Authors: Li Kun , Förster Matthias , Rong Zhaojin , Haaland Stein , Kronberg Elena , Cui Jun , Chai Lihui , Wei Yong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWhen the geomagnetic field is weak, the small mirror force allows precipitating charged particles to deposit energy in the ionosphere. This leads to an increase in ionospheric outflow from the Earth's polar cap region, but such an effect has not been previously observed because the energies of the ions of the polar ionospheric outflow are too low, making it difficult to detect the low‐energy ions with a positively charged spacecraft. In this study, we found an anticorrelation between ionospheric outflow and the strength of the Earth's magnetic field. Our results suggest that the electron precipitation through the polar rain can be a main energy source of the polar wind during periods of high levels of solar activity. The decreased magnetic field due to spatial inhomogeneity of the Earth's magnetic field and its effect on outflow can be used to study the outflow in history when the magnetic field was at similar levels.
State-of-the-art neonatal cerebral ultrasound: technique and reporting
Authors:   eurUS.brain group, Dudink Jeroen , Jeanne Steggerda Sylke , Horsch Sandra 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the past three decades, cerebral ultrasound (CUS) has become a trusted technique to study the neonatal brain. It is a relatively cheap, non-invasive, bedside neuroimaging method available in nearly every hospital. Traditionally, CUS was used to detect major abnormalities, such as intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), periventricular hemorrhagic infarction, post-hemorrhagic ventricular dilatation, and (cystic) periventricular leukomalacia (cPVL). The use of different acoustic windows, such as the mastoid and posterior fontanel, and ongoing technological developments, allows for recognizing other lesion patterns (e.g., cerebellar hemorrhage, perforator stroke, developmental venous anomaly). The CUS technique is still being improved with the use of higher transducer frequencies (7.5–18 MHz), 3D applications, advances in vascular imaging (e.g. ultrafast plane wave imaging), and improved B-mode image processing. Nevertheless, the helpfulness of CUS still highly depends on observer skills, knowledge, and experience. In this special article, we discuss how to perform a dedicated state-of-the-art neonatal CUS, and we provide suggestions for structured reporting and quality assessment.