bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous coronary intervention for left main stem disease: Impact of diabetes mellitus on mortality
Authors: Bawamia Bilal R. , Egred Mohaned , Jackson Matthew , Purcell Ian , Austin David , Zaman Azfar G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe assessed the impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) on mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for left main stem (LMS) disease. Second, we compared mortality outcomes between non‐insulin treated (NITDM) and insulin treated diabetes (ITDM) in different clinical settings.BackgroundThere is a paucity of “real world” outcomes data in diabetic patients undergoing LMS PCI.MethodsWe undertook a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients undergoing unprotected LMS PCI at 2 high volume tertiary centers. Diabetic status and clinical setting for PCI were recorded. The primary outcome measure was all‐cause 30‐day and long‐term mortality (up to 36 months) post index PCI.ResultsBetween 2003 and 2017, 2,675 patients undergoing index LMS PCI were analyzed. Of those, 77.1% were non‐DM, 15.8% NITDM, and 7.1% ITDM. Overall, DM status was not associated with higher 30‐day mortality (OR 1.39, 95% CI 0.89–2.16, p = .15). During a median follow‐up of 36 months, there was a borderline statistical association of DM with long‐term mortality in all PCI settings (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.00–1.71, p = .05). Compared to non‐DM, ITDM but not NITDM was associated with short‐ and long‐term mortality in all clinical presentations.ConclusionsOverall, DM did not impact on 30‐day mortality and had only a borderline statistical association with long‐term mortality. It did not have an influence on mortality in non‐emergency LMS PCI. The impact of DM on mortality outcomes following LMS PCI was only significant in the insulin treated patients.
Aufbereitung kohlenstofffaserverstärkter Thermoplaste zu Granulat für den Wiedereinsatz in Strukturbauteilen
Authors: Zöllner Mareen , Krampitz Thomas , Lieberwirth Holger 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAufgrund des anhaltenden Leichtbautrends fallen insbesondere in Bereichen des Transportwesens, der Energietechnik sowie im Maschinenbau‐ oder Freizeitbereich immer Abfälle aus kohlenstofffaserverstärkten Kunststoffen (CFKs) an. Für CFK‐haltige Abfälle mit thermoplastischer Matrix wird eine geschlossene Kreislaufführung mit Wiedereinsatz der Zerkleinerungsprodukte aufgezeigt. Unter mehrstufiger mechanischer Beanspruchung wurde das CFK‐Material auf eine festgelegte Granulatgröße zerkleinert. Dieses Granulat aus Sekundärmaterial wurde mittels speziellem Verfahren im Spritzgusskomplex zu neuen Bauteilen verarbeitet.
Transgender individuals' cancer survivorship: Results of a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Boehmer Ulrike , Gereige Jessica , Winter Michael , Ozonoff Al , Scout Nfn 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundTransgender individuals' cancer prevalence and transgender cancer survivors' health needs have received scarce attention. The current study compared transgender and cisgender individuals' cancer prevalence and described the health needs of transgender cancer survivors.MethodsThe authors used Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data on 95,800 cisgender and transgender individuals who self‐reported a cancer diagnosis. Using multiple logistic regression, they estimated cancer prevalence and calculated odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals of physical, psychological, overall health, and health behaviors of transgender survivors compared with cisgender survivors.ResultsAfter adjusting for confounders, transgender men had a significantly higher (>2‐fold) number of cancer diagnoses compared with cisgender men, but not cisgender women. Cancer prevalence among gender nonconforming individuals and transgender women was not significantly different from that of cisgender men and cisgender women. Gender nonconforming survivors had significantly greater physical inactivity, heavy episodic alcohol use, and depression compared with cisgender men and cisgender women. Transgender men survivors were significantly more likely to report poor physical health and greater medical comorbidities and were less likely to report smoking compared with cisgender men and cisgender women. Transgender women survivors were significantly more likely to report diabetes compared with cisgender men and cisgender women and were more likely to report cardiovascular disease compared with cisgender women.ConclusionsClinicians should be aware of the higher prevalence of cancer among transgender men and a potential survivorship bias among transgender individuals. Transgender survivors have considerable variation in their risk profile. Clinicians and health services can target gender nonconforming survivors' depression and health behaviors to improve survival and should address the complex comorbidities of transgender men and transgender women.
Using ggtree to Visualize Data on Tree‐Like Structures
Authors: Yu Guangchuang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGgtree is an R/Bioconductor package for visualizing tree‐like structures and associated data. After 5 years of continual development, ggtree has been evolved as a package suite that contains treeio for tree data input and output, tidytree for tree data manipulation, and ggtree for tree data visualization. Ggtree was originally designed to work with phylogenetic trees, and has been expanded to support other tree‐like structures, which extends the application of ggtree to present tree data in other disciplines. This article contains five basic protocols describing how to visualize trees using the grammar of graphics syntax, how to visualize hierarchical clustering results with associated data, how to estimate bootstrap values and visualize the values on the tree, how to estimate continuous and discrete ancestral traits and visualize ancestral states on the tree, and how to visualize a multiple sequence alignment with a phylogenetic tree. The ggtree package is freely available at https://www.bioconductor.org/packages/ggtree. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Basic Protocol 1: Using grammar of graphics for visualizing treesBasic Protocol 2: Visualizing hierarchical clustering using ggtreeBasic Protocol 3: Visualizing bootstrap values as symbolic pointsBasic Protocol 4: Visualizing ancestral statusBasic Protocol 5: Visualizing a multiple sequence alignment with a phylogenetic tree
Translatome Analyses Using Conditional Ribosomal Tagging in GABAergic Interneurons and Other Sparse Cell Types
Authors: Mahadevan Vivek , Peltekian Areg , McBain Chris J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGABAergic interneurons comprise a small but diverse subset of neurons in the mammalian brain that tightly regulate neuronal circuit maturation and information flow and, ultimately, behavior. Because of their centrality in the etiology of numerous neurological disorders, examining the molecular architecture of these neurons under different physiological scenarios has piqued the interest of the broader neuroscience community. The last few years have seen an explosion in next‐generation sequencing (NGS) approaches aimed at identifying genetic and state‐dependent subtypes in neuronal diversity. Although several approaches are employed to address neuronal molecular diversity, ribosomal tagging has emerged at the forefront of identifying the translatomes of neuronal subtypes. This approach primarily relies on Cre recombinase–driven expression of hemagglutinin A (HA)–tagged RiboTag mice exclusively in the neuronal subtype of interest. This allows the immunoprecipitation of cell‐type‐specific, ribosome‐engaged mRNA, expressed both in the soma and the neuronal processes, for targeted quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) or high‐throughput RNA sequencing analyses. Here we detail the typical technical caveats associated with successful application of the RiboTag technique for analyzing GABAergic interneurons, and in theory other sparse cell types, in the central nervous system. Published 2020. U.S. Government.Basic Protocol 1: Breeding mice to obtain RiboTag homozygositySupport Protocol 1: Detection of ectopic Cre recombinase expressionBasic Protocol 2: The RiboTag assaySupport Protocol 2: Real‐time quantitative PCR (qRT‐PCR) assay of RiboTag‐derived cell‐type‐specific RNASupport Protocol 3: Construction of cell‐type‐specific RNA‐seq librarySupport Protocol 4: Secondary analyses of RiboTag‐derived RNA‐seq dataset
Managerial entrenchment, corporate social responsibility, and earnings management
Authors: García‐Sánchez Isabel‐Maria , Hussain Nazim , Khan Sana Akbar , Martínez‐Ferrero Jennifer 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMany studies have examined the direct relationship between the two corporate practices: corporate social responsibility (CSR) and earnings management (EM); however, the results remain heterogeneous. To achieve the consensus, this study builds upon the classical agency theory and examines the role of managerial entrenchment in creating organizational facades related to CSR and EM. More specifically, it examines the relationship between CSR performance and EM in the presence of managerial entrenchment and the direct effect of managerial entrenchment on CSR decoupling. In doing so, this article provides evidence of a previously underappreciated yet fundamentally important aspect, that is, managerial entrenchment, that may significantly affect the quality of earnings as well as the level of alignment between CSR disclosure and performance. Our analyses of longitudinal data of an international sample for the period of 2007–2016 supports that managerial entrenchment significantly moderates the relationship between CSR performance and EM. Furthermore, our study reveals that entrenched managers decouple CSR disclosure and performance.
Phase synchronization of autonomous AC grid system with passivity‐based control
Authors: Manohar Rutvika , Hikihara Takashi 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThis paper discusses a ring‐coupled buck‐type inverter system to harness energy from direct current (DC) sources of electricity. The DC‐DC buck converter circuit is modified with an H‐bridge to convert the DC input voltage to a usable alternating current (AC) output voltage. Passivity‐based control (PBC) with port‐controlled Hamiltonian modelling (PCHM) is a method where the system is controlled by considering not only the energy properties of the system but also the inherent physical structure. PBC is applied to achieve stabilization of the AC output voltage to a desired amplitude and frequency. Unsynchronized output voltages in terms of phase angle or frequency can cause detrimental effects on the system. Phase‐locked loop (PLL) is employed in the ring structure to maintain synchronization of the AC output voltage of all inverter units in the ring‐coupled system.
Detection of intra‐articular gene therapy in horses using quantitative real time PCR in synovial fluid and plasma
Authors: Haughan Joanne , Jiang Zibin , Stefanovski Darko , Moss Kaitlyn L. , Ortved Kyla F. , Robinson Mary A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGene therapy promotes the expression of missing or defective genes and can be curative following administration of a single dose. Gene therapy is prohibited in equine athletes by regulatory bodies due to the high potential for abuse and novel analytical methods are needed for detection. The goal of this study was to detect the administration of an experimental gene therapy: a recombinant adeno‐associated viral vector (rAAV) carrying a transgene for the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10 (rAAV‐IL10). Twelve horses were randomly assigned to receive an intra‐articular injection of rAAV‐IL10 or phosphate buffered saline (vehicle) into a middle carpal joint. Plasma and synovial fluid were collected on days 0, 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 28, 56, and 84. Primer pairs were designed to detect two unique regions of rAAV. Using quantitative real time PCR, both sets of primers detected rAAV for 14–28 days in joints and up to 4 days in plasma, in all six treated horses. In synovial fluid, rAAV was detected on day 56 in 4/6 horses by both primer sets, and on day 84 in 1/6 horses by one primer set. In plasma, rAAV was detected for 7 days in 5/6 horses, 14 days in 2/6 horses, and 28 days in 1/6 horses by one primer set, and was detected for up to 14 days in 1/6 horses by the other primer set. This study is the first to validate that quantitative real time PCR can be used to systemically detect the local administration of a gene therapy product to horses.
Removal of chronic Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae carrier ewes eliminates pneumonia in a bighorn sheep population
Authors: Garwood Tyler J. , Lehman Chadwick P. , Walsh Daniel P. , Cassirer E. Frances , Besser Thomas E. , Jenks Jonathan A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Chronic pathogen carriage is one mechanism that allows diseases to persist in populations. We hypothesized that persistent or recurrent pneumonia in bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) populations may be caused by chronic carriers of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (Mo). Our experimental approach allowed us to address a conservation need while investigating the role of chronic carriage in disease persistence.

We tested our hypothesis in two bighorn sheep populations in South Dakota, USA. We identified and removed Mo chronic carriers from the Custer State Park (treatment) population. Simultaneously, we identified carriers but did not remove them from the Rapid City population (control). We predicted removal would result in decreased pneumonia, mortality, and Mo prevalence. Both population ranges had similar habitat and predator communities but were sufficiently isolated to preclude intermixing.

We classified chronic carriers as adults that consistently tested positive for Mo carriage over a 20‐month sampling period (n = 2 in the treatment population; n = 2 in control population).

We failed to detect Mo or pneumonia in the treatment population after chronic carrier removal, while both remained in the control. Mortality hazard for lambs was reduced by 72% in the treatment population relative to the control (CI = 36%, 91%). There was also a 41% reduction in adult mortality hazard attributable to the treatment, although this was not statistically significant (CI = 82% reduction, 34% increase).

Synthesis and Applications: These results support the hypothesis that Mo is a primary causative agent of persistent or recurrent respiratory disease in bighorn sheep populations and can be maintained by a few chronic carriers. Our findings provide direction for future research and management actions aimed at controlling pneumonia in wild sheep and may apply to other diseases.
Downvalley fining of hillslope sediment in an alpine catchment: implications for downstream fining of sediment flux in mountain rivers
Authors: Sklar Leonard S. , Riebe Clifford S. , Genetti Jennifer , Leclere Shirin , Lukens Claire E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe size distributions of sediment delivered from hillslopes to rivers profoundly influence river morphodynamics, including river incision into bedrock and the quality of aquatic habitat. Yet little is known about the factors that influence size distributions of sediment produced by weathering on hillslopes. We present results of a field study of hillslope sediment size distributions at Inyo Creek, a steep catchment in granitic bedrock of the Sierra Nevada, USA. Particles sampled near the base of hillslopes, adjacent to the trunk stream, show a pronounced decrease in sediment size with decreasing sample elevation across all but the coarsest size classes. Measured size distributions become increasingly bimodal with decreasing elevation, exhibiting a coarse, bouldery mode that does not change with elevation and a more abundant finer mode that shifts from cobbles at the highest elevations to gravel at mid elevations and finally to sand at low elevations. We interpret these altitudinal variations in hillslope sediment size to reflect changes in physical, chemical, and biological weathering that can be explained by the catchment's strong altitudinal gradients in topography, climate, and vegetation cover. Because elevation and travel distance to the outlet are closely coupled, the altitudinal trends in sediment size produce a systematic decrease in sediment size along hillslopes parallel to the trunk stream. We refer to this phenomenon as ‘downvalley fining.’ Forward modeling shows that downvalley fining of hillslope sediment is necessary for downstream fining of the long‐term average flux of coarse sediment in mountain landscapes where hillslopes and channels are coupled and long‐term net sediment deposition is negligible. The model also shows that abrasion plays a secondary role in downstream fining of coarse sediment flux but plays a dominant role in partitioning between the bedload and suspended load. Patterns observed at Inyo Creek may be widespread in mountain ranges around the world. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Effect of particle granularity on smoldering fire in wood chips made from wood waste: An experimental study
Authors: Sesseng Christian , Reitan Nina K. , Storesund Karolina , Mikalsen Ragni F. , Hagen Bjarne C. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryFires in wood waste storages cause financial losses, are difficult to extinguish, and emit large amounts of fire effluents. The mechanisms related to fires in wood chip piles are not well elucidated. To find suitable preventive measures for handling such fires in wood waste, a better understanding of the physical properties of wood waste is needed. The present study investigates how granularity affects mechanisms of smoldering fire and transition to flaming in wood chip piles. Eighteen experiments with samples inside a top‐ventilated, vertical cylinder were conducted. Heating from underneath the cylinder induced auto‐ignition and smoldering fire, and temperatures and mass loss of the sample were measured. The results showed that granularity significantly affects the smoldering fire dynamics. Material containing larger wood chips (length 4‐100 mm) demonstrated more irregular temperature development, higher temperatures, faster combustion, and higher mass losses than material of smaller wood chips (length <4 mm). The larger wood chips also underwent transition to flaming fires. Flaming fires were not observed for small wood chips, which instead demonstrated prolonged and steady smoldering propagation. The differences are assumed to be partly due to the different bulk densities of the samples of large and small wood chips affecting the ventilation conditions. Increased knowledge about these combustion processes and transition to flaming is vital to develop risk‐reducing measures when storing wood chips made from wood waste in piles.
Response of brassinosteroids to nitrogen rates and their regulation on rice spikelet degeneration during meiosis
Authors: Zhang Weiyang , Fu Lidong , Men Chuanbao , Yu Jixiang , Yao Jiayu , Sheng Jiayan , Xu Yunji , Wang Zhiqin , Liu Lijun , Yang Jianchang , Zhang Jianhua 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe plant steroid hormones brassinosteroids (BRs) play pivotal roles in modulating flower and fruit production. Nitrogen (N) is a key factor affecting rice (Oryza sativa L.) production. We hypothesized that BRs would respond to N application rates at spikelet differentiation (SD) and regulate spikelet degeneration in rice. Three rice cultivars were field‐grown and treated with five N rates at SD. Plant N and BRs contents, antioxidant capacity, and energy status were observed during meiosis in young panicles, and their relationships with spikelet degeneration were evaluated. In all the N treatments, the BRs, adenosine triphosphate, and energy charge levels, activities of the enzymes involved in energy metabolism, including cytochrome C oxidase and succinate dehydrogenase, total antioxidant capacity, and grain yield, were the highest, whereas hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and vacuolar processing enzymes (VPE) genes expression levels, and spikelet degeneration rate were the lowest when plant N content was 2.6% during meiosis. The rice BRs‐deficient mutants showed substantial reduction in BRs levels, antioxidant capacity, and energy status, but great increase in H2O2 content, VPE genes expression levels, and spikelet degeneration rate than the wild type (WT); moreover, these parameters in WT panicles could be regulated, whereas in BRs‐deficient mutant panicles, they were not distinctly affected by N application. The results indicated that BRs mediate the effects of N rates on spikelet degeneration, and elevated BRs levels in rice panicles effectively inhibit spikelet degeneration when plant N content is 2.6% during meiosis by elevating antioxidant capacity and energy status.
Impact of Graphite on Thermomechanical, Mechanical, Thermal, Electrical Properties, and Thermal Conductivity of HDPE/Copper Composites
Authors: Banerjee S. , Pattnayek S. , Kumar R. , Kar K. K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractImpact of graphite on the physicochemical properties of high density polyethylene (HDPE)/copper composites has been investigated at various volume percentages of copper. The two sets of composites are prepared by simple melt blending and injection molding approach. Thermal conductivity increases from 0.5 W m−1 K−1 for pure HDPE to 6.5 and 8 Wm−1 K−1 for 30 and 40 vol.% of copper loading with and without graphite, respectively. A huge increment in synergistic efficiency has been evidenced for the mixed filled polymer composites. Incorporation of graphite has also improved the percolation threshold from 19 to 13 vol.% of copper loading to the HDPE matrix, which indicates the synergistic effect of mixed filler system. Development of leafy morphology of copper promotes large number of inter‐particle contacts and hence improves the percolation threshold of the composites. The corrosion resistive, mechanically robust, electrically and thermally conductive composites with good flexural properties and light in weight than conventional metallic bipolar plates suggest it a material of choice for fuel cell devices.
Methods for in vitro modeling of glioma invasion: Choosing tools to meet the need
Authors: Dundar Bilge , Markwell Steven M. , Sharma Nitya V. , Olson Cheryl L. , Mukherjee Subhas , Brat Daniel J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWidespread tumor cell invasion is a fundamental property of diffuse gliomas and is ultimately responsible for their poor prognosis. A greater understanding of basic mechanisms underlying glioma invasion is needed to provide insights into therapies that could potentially counteract them. While none of the currently available in vitro models can fully recapitulate the complex interactions of glioma cells within the brain tumor microenvironment, if chosen and developed appropriately, these models can provide controlled experimental settings to study molecular and cellular phenomena that are challenging or impossible to model in vivo. Therefore, selecting the most appropriate in vitro model, together with its inherent advantages and limitations, for specific hypotheses and experimental questions achieves primary significance. In this review, we describe and discuss commonly used methods for modeling and studying glioma invasion in vitro, including platforms, matrices, cell culture, and visualization techniques, so that choices for experimental approach are informed and optimal.