bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced gravity promotes bacterially mediated anoxic hotspots in unsaturated porous media
Authors: Borer Benedict , Jimenez-Martinez Joaquin , Stocker Roman , Or Dani 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHuman endeavours into deep space exploration and the prospects of establishing colonies on nearby planets would invariably involve components of bioregenerative life support for food production, cabin atmosphere renewal, and waste recycling. Growing plants and their microbiomes in porous media under different gravitational fields may present new challenges due to effects of liquid distribution on gaseous exchange with roots and microorganisms. We provide the first direct evidence that capillary driven liquid reconfiguration in porous media under reduced gravity conditions reduces oxygen diffusion pathways and enhances anoxic conditions within bacterial hotspots. Parabolic flight experiments using model porous media inoculated with aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria reveal the systematic enhancement of anoxic conditions during the reduced gravity periods in the presence but not in the absence of bacterial activity. The promotion of anoxic conditions under reduced gravity may lead to higher nitrous oxide and methane emissions relative to Earth conditions, on the other hand, anoxic conditions could be beneficial for perchlorate bioremediation of Martian soil. The results highlight changes in soil bacterial microhabitats under reduced gravity and the challenges of managing bioregenerative life support systems in space.
Preservation of global synaptic excitatory to inhibitory ratio during long postmortem intervals
Authors: Scaduto Pietro , Sequeira Adolfo , Vawter Marquis P. , Bunney William , Limon Agenor 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe study of postsynaptic excitation to inhibition (E/I ratio) imbalances in human brain diseases, is a highly relevant functional measurement poorly investigated due to postmortem degradation of synaptic receptors. We show that near-simultaneous recording of microtransplanted synaptic receptors after simulated morgue conditions allows the determination of the postsynaptic E/I ratio for at least 120 h after death, expanding the availability and use of human diseased tissue stored in brain banks.
Development of type I/II oligodendrocytes regulated by teneurin-4 in the murine spinal cord
Authors: Hayashi Chikako , Suzuki Nobuharu , Takahashi Riko , Akazawa Chihiro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the spinal cord, the axonal tracts with various caliber sizes are myelinated by oligodendrocytes and function as high-velocity ways for motor and sensory nerve signals. In some neurological disorders, such as multiple sclerosis, demyelination of small caliber axons is observed in the spinal cord. While type I/II oligodendrocytes among the four types are known to myelinate small diameter axons, their characteristics including identification of regulating molecules have not been understood yet. Here, we first found that in the wild-type mouse spinal cord, type I/II oligodendrocytes, positive for carbonic anhydrase II (CAII), were located in the corticospinal tract, fasciculus gracilis, and the inside part of ventral funiculus, in which small diameter axons existed. The type I/II oligodendrocytes started to appear between postnatal day (P) 7 and 11. We further analyzed the type I/II oligodendrocytes in the mutant mice, whose small diameter axons were hypomyelinated due to the deficiency of teneurin-4. In the teneurin-4 deficient mice, type I/II oligodendrocytes were significantly reduced, and the onset of the defect was at P11. Our results suggest that CAII-positive type I/II oligodendrocytes myelinate small caliber axons in the spinal cord and teneurin-4 is the responsible molecule for the generation of type I/II oligodendrocytes.
Biomagnetic monitoring combined with support vector machine: a new opportunity for predicting particle-bound-heavy metals
Authors: Dai Qian’ying , Zhou Mengfan , Li Huiming , Qian Xin , Yang Meng , Li Fengying 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBiomagnetic monitoring includes fast and simple methods to estimate airborne heavy metals. Leaves of Osmanthus fragrans Lour and Ligustrum lucidum Ait were collected simultaneously with PM10 from a mega-city of China during one year. Magnetic properties of leaves and metal concentrations in PM10 were analyzed. Metal concentrations were estimated using leaf magnetic properties and meteorological factors as input variables in support vector machine (SVM) models. The mean concentrations of many metals were highest in winter and lowest in summer. Hazard index for potentially toxic metals was 5.77, a level considered unsafe. The combined carcinogenic risk was higher than precautionary value (10−4). Ferrimagnetic minerals were dominant magnetic minerals in leaves. Principal component analysis indicated iron & steel industry and soil dust were the common sources for many metals and magnetic minerals on leaves. However, the poor simulation results obtained with multiple linear regression confirmed strong nonlinear relationships between metal concentrations and leaf magnetic properties. SVM models including leaf magnetic variables as inputs yielded better simulation results for all elements. Simulations were promising for Ti, Cd and Zn, whereas relatively poor for Ni. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of prediction of airborne heavy metals based on biomagnetic monitoring of tree leaves.
Melanocytic lesion in children and adolescents: an Italian observational study
Authors: Lanna Caterina , Tartaglia Chiara , Caposiena Caro Raffaele Dante , Mazzilli Sara , Ventura Alessandra , Bianchi Luca , Campione Elena , Diluvio Laura 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMalignant melanoma is a rare neoplasm in the pediatric age group. One of the main risks factors is represented by the presence of a high number of melanocytic nevi. Sun exposure in pediatric age represents a predictor of melanocytic nevi number in the adult age and there is a direct correlation between the presence of melanocytic moles in early childhood and the development of many nevi in adults, suggesting that a high number of nevi in childhood should be considered as a predictor of melanoma development during adult life. The predominance of dermoscopic types of melanocytic nevi varies according to the individual’s age and depends on endogenous or exogenous signaling, suggesting different pathways of nevogenesis. We evaluated the total amount of melanocytic nevi of pediatric patients and their prevalent dermoscopic pattern. We investigated the reasons for dermatological examination, pointing out the role of older parents’ populations in the decision to refer to a dermatological consultant. We performed a prospective observational study on 295 pediatric outpatients consecutively enrolled from July 2018 to July 2019. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed using logistic and linear regression. 49% of children were characterized by less than 10 nevi, 45% of children by a number of nevi between 10 and 30, whilst 17 patients (5%) had a number of nevi between 30 and 50. The most prevalent dermoscopic pattern was the globular one. An older parenting age was correlated with an autonomous reason for referral and a later first visit. Our data agreed with previous suggestions demonstrating a strong influence of latitude, sun exposure and ethnic background in the development of the number of nevi. To our knowledge, this is the first study, which evaluated the reasons for dermatological examination and the role of older parents’ populations in the decision to refer to a dermatological consultant
Experimental validation of coronagraphic focal-plane wavefront sensing for future segmented space telescopes
Authors: Leboulleux Lucie , Sauvage Jean-François , Soummer Rémi , Fusco Thierry , Pueyo Laurent , Mugnier Laurent M. , Moriarty Christopher , Petrone Peter , Brooks Keira 
Published: May 2020

Context. Direct imaging of Earth-like planets from space requires dedicated observatories, combining large segmented apertures with instruments and techniques such as coronagraphs, wavefront sensors, and wavefront control in order to reach the high contrast of 1010 that is required. The complexity of these systems would be increased by the segmentation of the primary mirror, which allows for the larger diameters necessary to image Earth-like planets but also introduces specific patterns in the image due to the pupil shape and segmentation and making high-contrast imaging more challenging. Among these defects, the phasing errors of the primary mirror are a strong limitation to the performance.
Aims. In this paper, we focus on the wavefront sensing of segment phasing errors for a high-contrast system, using the COronagraphic Focal plane wave-Front Estimation for Exoplanet detection (COFFEE) technique.
Methods. We implemented and tested COFFEE on the High-contrast imaging for Complex Aperture Telescopes (HiCAT) testbed, in a configuration without any coronagraph and with a classical Lyot coronagraph, to reconstruct errors applied on a 37 segment mirror. We analysed the quality and limitations of the reconstructions.
Results. We demonstrate that COFFEE is able to estimate correctly the phasing errors of a segmented telescope for piston, tip, and tilt aberrations of typically 100 nm RMS. We also identified the limitations of COFFEE for the reconstruction of low-order wavefront modes, which are highly filtered by the coronagraph. This is illustrated using two focal plane mask sizes on HiCAT. We discuss possible solutions, both in the hardware system and in the COFFEE optimizer, to mitigate these issues.
Further complexities on the pre-reversal vertical drift modeling over the Brazilian region: A comparison between long-term observations and model results
Authors: Sousasantos Jonas , Abdu Mangalathayil Ali , Santos Angela , Batista Inez , Silva André , Loures Luis Eduardo 
Published: May 2020

The vertical component of the plasma drift, especially the evening-time pre-reversal drift, constitutes an important aspect of the nighttime electrodynamics of the equatorial ionosphere. Over the years, several studies using measurements and models have been performed to understand the characteristics of this process and its implications for the development of the instabilities leading to the plasma bubble formation and ionospheric scintillation. However, the Brazilian region presents some unique features that bring some difficulties for the vertical drift prognosis, which is required for the scintillation forecasting. These features are mainly related to the geomagnetic field lines topology that presents strong differences when compared to those of other equatorial longitudes. In this work, some of the difficulties for the pre-reversal vertical drift modeling and estimation are discussed; also, a dataset containing long-term observation (2001–2009) is compared with a widely used empirical model. The results show an intrinsic trend of underestimation by the model, which seems to be independent of latitude and seasonality thus suggesting an additional contribution arising from sources other than solely the geomagnetic topology. Also, the results indicate that the deviation can vary in the range of 0–40 m/s and the percentage error enhances with increasing values of pre-reversal vertical drift peak and reduces with increasing F10.7 values, thereby, indicating a clear possibility of meridional winds contribution which is not included in the empirical model used and may account for these differences.
Impact of propofol sedation versus opioid/benzodiazepine sedation on colonoscopy outcomes: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Aziz Muhammad , Weissman Simcha , Fatima Rawish , Khan Zubair , Mohan Babu P. , Mehta Tej I. , Lee-Smith Wade , Hassan Ammar , Sciarra Michael , Nawras Ali , Adler Douglas G. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Choice of sedation (propofol vs opioid/benzodiazepine) has been studied in the literature and has shown variable outcomes. The majority of recent studies have evaluated propofol sedation (PS) versus opioids, benzodiazepines, or a combination of both. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing PS to other sedation methods to assess the impact on colonoscopy outcomes.
Methods Multiple databases were searched and studies of interest were extracted. Primary outcome of the study was adenoma detection rate (ADR) and secondary outcomes included polyp detection rate (PDR), advanced adenoma detection rate (AADR), and cecal intubation rate (CIR).
Results A total of 11 studies met the inclusion criteria with a total of 177,016 patients (148,753 and 28,263 in the opioids/benzodiazepine group and PS group, respectively). Overall, ADR (RR: 1.07, 95 % CI 0.99–1.15), PDR (RR: 1.01, 95 % CI 0.93–1.10), and AADR (RR: 1.17, 95 % CI 0.92–1.48) did not improve with the use of PS. The CIR was slightly higher for propofol sedation group (RR 1.02, 95 % CI 1.00–1.03).
Conclusion Based on our analysis, PS and opioid/benzodiazepine sedation seem to have comparable ADR. Our results do not favor use of a particular sedation method and the choice of sedation should be individualized based on patient preference, risk factors and resource availability.
Usefulness of endoscopic nasobiliary drainage-guided ERCP in patients with surgically altered anatomy (with video)
Authors: Takano Yuichi , Azami Tetsushi , Niiya Fumitaka , Kobayashi Takahiro , Maruoka Naotaka , Nagahama Masatsugu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients with surgically altered anatomy is one of the most challenging endoscopic procedures. Although single- or double-balloon endoscopes have been widely used, reaching the papilla of Vater (hepaticojejunostomy/pancreaticojejunostomy site) is often difficult. For patients in whom treatment cannot be completed in a single session, we placed endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) at the end of the procedure; in the second session, the scope was inserted following ENBD placement.
Patients and methods Three patients with surgically altered anatomy and who underwent ENBD-guided ERCP were retrospectively examined using the medical records.
Results There were two men and one woman, with an average age of 75 years. The surgical procedure were distal gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y reconstruction in all patients. The diagnosis were choledocholithiasis in two and bile duct stricture in one. Average time to reach the papilla was 50 minutes (range, 21–102) for the first ERCP and was shortened to 11 minutes (range, 5–17) for the second session under an indwelling ENBD. Treatment was successful in all patients without complications.
Conclusion ENBD-guided ERCP in patients with surgically altered anatomy was a useful method that facilitated scope insertion and shortened the procedure time.
Onlinebasierte, qualifizierte Zweitmeinung für Patienten mit kolorektalem Karzinom – eine Pilotstudie der Felix Burda Stiftung in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Netzwerk gegen Darmkrebs
Authors: Berger Ursula , Beckenbauer Udo E. , Rimkus Caroline , Bader Franz G. , Seufferlein Thomas Theodor Werner , Maar Christa 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Moderne, individualisierte Therapien können das Überleben von Patienten mit kolorektalem Karzinom verbessern. Jedoch werden nicht alle Patienten zur Behandlung in ein zertifiziertes Darmkrebszentrum überwiesen, wo ihre Therapie, unterstützt durch ein Tumorboard, leitliniengerecht durchgeführt wird. Daher wird derzeit die Zweitmeinung bei Krebserkrankungen diskutiert. Diese Studie beschreibt Ergebnisse einer Pilotstudie hinsichtlich der Machbarkeit und des Bedarfs einer strukturierten, onlinebasierten, qualifizierten Zweitmeinung für Patienten mit kolorektalem Karzinom.
Methoden Im Rahmen einer 15-monatigen Pilotphase zwischen 2009 und 2011 konnten Patienten mit kolorektalem Karzinom mittels einer onlinebasierten Elektronischen Patientenakte, unterstützt durch einen Case Manager, kostenfrei eine qualifizierte Zweitmeinung eines Tumorboards einholen. Ihre Zufriedenheit und ihre Lebensqualität (EORCT QLQ-C30) wurden über ein Jahr nachbeobachtet.
Ergebnisse In 95 % der Fälle konnten eine vollständige Elektronische Patientenakte und eine Zweitmeinung erstellt werden. Weniger als die Hälfte der Teilnehmer erhielt die erste Therapieempfehlung aus einer Klinik mit Tumorboard. Die Erstmeinung konnte in 40 % der Fälle durch die Zweitmeinung bestätigt werden, in 33 % zeigte sich ein teilweises, in 27 % ein deutliches Abweichen. Bei Umsetzung der abweichenden Zweitmeinung verbesserte sich die Lebensqualität der Patienten.
Schlussfolgerung Die Erstellung einer onlinebasierten, qualifizierten Zweitmeinung durch ein interdisziplinäres Tumorboard ist technisch und logistisch gut durchführbar. Die onlinebasierte Zweitmeinung könnte zukünftig die Qualität der Behandlung von Patienten mit kolorektalem Karzinom deutlich verbessern und damit ihre Lebensqualität erhöhen.
Neue Klassifikationskriterien des SLE: was helfen sie für die
klinische Diagnose des SLE?
Authors: Aringer Martin , Wiefel Kristin , Leuchten Nicolai 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungIm September 2019 sind die gemeinsamen Klassifikationskriterien der European
League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) und des American College of Rheumatology (ACR)
für den systemischen Lupus erythematodes (SLE) erschienen. Die
EULAR/ACR 2019 Klassifikationskriterien verwenden (jemals) positive
antinukleäre Antikörper (ANA) als obligates Eingangskriterium
und gewichtete Kriterien mit Werten von 2 bis 10 und einem Cut-off von 10. Die
Kriterien sind in 10 Domänen geordnet, innerhalb derer Assoziationen
zwischen verschiedenen Manifestationen bestehen, und nur der höchste
Wert in einer Domäne wird verwendet. Kriterien werden nur gewertet, wenn
es für sie keine andere Erklärung gibt, die wahrscheinlicher ist
als der SLE. Die neuen Kriterien sind statistisch den älteren
Kriteriensets überlegen. Sie gelten aber nur für die
Klassifikation. Für die meisten Rheumatologinnen und Rheumatologen ist
das Stellen der Diagnose eines SLE wesentlich relevanter als der Einschluss in
SLE-Studien, für den die Klassifikationskriterien gedacht sind. Daher
stellt sich die Frage, wie weit die Klassifikationskriterien für die
Diagnose helfen können. Direkt dafür verwendet werden
dürfen sie wirklich nicht. Erfahrene Ärztinnen und Ärzte
sind besser und v. a. sensitiver als die besten Kriterien. Manche
Detailinformationen helfen aber dennoch dabei, die individuelle Diagnose
für konkret Patientinnen und Patienten zu stellen. Die vorliegende
Arbeit erörtert die Neuigkeiten in den EULAR/ACR 2019-Kriterien,
stellt den Unterschied zwischen Klassifikation und Diagnose dar und diskutiert,
welche Informationen auch im klinischen Alltag Anwendung finden
können.
Molecular Diagnostics in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Sholl Lynette M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCurrent clinical practice guidelines recognize EGFR, BRAF, ALK, and ROS1 as essential molecular biomarkers, and a host of other genetic alterations as emerging biomarkers for non-small cell lung carcinoma patients. The available approaches to detecting relevant alterations in these genes are diverse and often complementary. Laboratories have increasingly migrated away from a “single-gene test” approach, embracing assays that incorporate panels of genes capable of detecting a diverse set of alterations. The adoption of next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques has driven this shift; however, the approach to incorporation of NGS varies greatly between practices. Choice of molecular diagnostics assay, be it single-gene or NGS-based panel, will be driven by cost, urgency, clinical and laboratory focus, and professional considerations. Preanalytic factors including operator expertise, sample type and choice of fixative, and postanalytic factors including informatics pipeline and approaches to variant reporting have a significant impact on the quality of molecular diagnostics results. There is no real “one-size-fits-all” test for genomic profiling for lung cancer; clinicians and laboratorians must be prepared to offer a diverse set of assays in order to address turnaround time requirements and optimize detection of critical but difficult-to-detect tumor alterations such as gene fusions.
Antepartum Hemorrhage and Outcome of Very Low Birth Weight, Very Preterm Infants: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Klinger Gil , Bromiker Reuben , Zaslavsky-Paltiel Inna , Sokolover Nir , Lerner-Geva Liat , Yogev Yariv , Reichman Brian ,   in collaboration with the Israel Neonatal Network
Published: May 2020

Objective We aimed to determine the independent effect of maternal antepartum hemorrhage (APH) on mortality and major neonatal morbidities among very low birth weight (VLBW), very preterm infants.
Study Design A population-based cohort study of VLBW singleton infants born at 24 to 31 weeks of gestation between 1995 and 2016 was performed. Infants born with the following pregnancy associated complications were excluded: maternal hypertensive disorders, prolonged rupture of membranes, amnionitis, maternal diabetes, and small for gestational age. APH included hemorrhage due to either placenta previa or placental abruption. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the effect of maternal APH on mortality and major neonatal morbidities.
Results The initial cohort included 33,627 VLBW infants. Following exclusions, the final study population comprised 6,235 infants of whom 2,006 (32.2%) were born following APH and 4,229 (67.8%) without APH. In the APH versus no APH group, there were higher rates of extreme prematurity (24–27 weeks of gestation; 51.6% vs. 45.3%, p < 0.0001), mortality (20.2 vs. 18.5%, p = 0.011), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD, 16.1 vs. 13.0%, p = 0.004) and death or adverse neurologic outcome (37.4 vs. 34.5%, p = 0.03). In the multivariable analyses, APH was associated with significantly increased odds ratio (OR) for BPD in the extremely preterm infants (OR: 1.31, 95% confidence interval: 1.05–1.65). The OR's for mortality, adverse neurological outcomes, and death or adverse neurological outcome were not significantly increased in the APH group.
Conclusion Among singleton, very preterm VLBW infants, maternal APH was associated with increased odds for BPD only in extremely premature infants, but was not associated with excess mortality or adverse neonatal neurological outcomes.
Key Points
Enhanced Recovery after Thoracic Surgery
Authors: Martin Linda W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEnhanced recovery programs (ERPs) aim to reduce psychological and physiological stress related to surgery, and minimize opioid use. This article describes the tenets of enhanced recovery, the guidelines for ERP in lung surgery, and the University of Virginia experience with developing and implementing a program. The impact of these strategies on short-term patient outcomes and potential long-term benefits including influence on lung cancer-specific outcomes are reviewed. The opioid crisis is of utmost importance; this article will explore how ERPs may be a mitigating factor.