bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overuse of reliever inhalers and associated healthcare utilization of asthma patients
Authors: Hadad Ronit , Likhtenshtein Diana , Maimon Nimrod , Simon-Tuval Tzahit 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGlobal Initiative for Asthma 2019 guidelines recommend to avoid strengthening patients’ reliance on relievers since they increase exacerbation risk. Our aim was to examine the association between reliever inhalers overuse and all-cause healthcare utilization (HCU). A retrospective study among Clalit Health Services (CHS) adult enrollees (n = 977) for 2012–2017. Reliever inhalers overuse was defined as consistent prescription refills of ≥ 3 canisters annually. Adherence to controllers was calculated using the proportion of days covered. HCU included: hospitalizations, diagnostic and surgical procedures, medications, emergency room (ER) visits, and clinic visits. 27% of the study population (n = 264) consistently refilled ≥ 3 relievers prescriptions annually, and had higher adherence to controllers (0.38 vs. 0.24, p < 0.001). Their total 6-year HCU costs were not higher than that of others ($5,550 vs. $5,562, p = 0.107). Most HCU components [including hospitalization (p = 0.405) and ER visits (p = 0.884)] were comparable; however, medication costs were higher ($1734 vs. $1504, p < 0.001). A multivariable ordered-logit model revealed that frequent and regular use of relievers was not associated with higher HCU costs (OR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.62–1.09, p = 0.175). Higher adherence to maintenance and reliever therapy (OR = 2.18, 95% CI 1.44–3.28, p < 0.001), other controllers (OR = 3.30, 95% CI 2.11–5.16, p < 0.001), and nebulized SABAs and SAMAs (OR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.02–1.14, p = 0.007) was associated with higher costs. Overuse of reliever inhalers was prevalent and associated with higher adherence to controllers, yet not associated with higher all-cause HCU. This highlights the need to examine the sources of elevated usage in order to develop intervention strategies to optimize pharmaceutical therapy of asthma patients.
Deep learning-based model for detecting 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia on high-resolution computed tomography
Authors: Chen Jun , Wu Lianlian , Zhang Jun , Zhang Liang , Gong Dexin , Zhao Yilin , Chen Qiuxiang , Huang Shulan , Yang Ming , Yang Xiao , Hu Shan , Wang Yonggui , Hu Xiao , Zheng Biqing , Zhang Kuo , Wu Huiling , Dong Zehua , Xu Youming , Zhu Yijie , Chen Xi , Zhang Mengjiao , Yu Lilei , Cheng Fan , Yu Honggang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractComputed tomography (CT) is the preferred imaging method for diagnosing 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID19) pneumonia. We aimed to construct a system based on deep learning for detecting COVID-19 pneumonia on high resolution CT. For model development and validation, 46,096 anonymous images from 106 admitted patients, including 51 patients of laboratory confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia and 55 control patients of other diseases in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were retrospectively collected. Twenty-seven prospective consecutive patients in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were collected to evaluate the efficiency of radiologists against 2019-CoV pneumonia with that of the model. An external test was conducted in Qianjiang Central Hospital to estimate the system’s robustness. The model achieved a per-patient accuracy of 95.24% and a per-image accuracy of 98.85% in internal retrospective dataset. For 27 internal prospective patients, the system achieved a comparable performance to that of expert radiologist. In external dataset, it achieved an accuracy of 96%. With the assistance of the model, the reading time of radiologists was greatly decreased by 65%. The deep learning model showed a comparable performance with expert radiologist, and greatly improved the efficiency of radiologists in clinical practice.
Endocytoscopic observation with methylene blue staining for duodenal neoplasms associated with familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: Kumagai Youichi , Yamamoto Eisuke , Higashi Morihiro , Ishiguro Toru , Hatano Satoshi , Toyomasu Yoshitaka , Amano Kunihiko , Suzuki Okihide , Ishibashi Kei-ichiro , Mochiki Erito , Tamaru Jun-ichi , Ishida Hideyuki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDuodenal cancer is a leading cause of death after colectomy in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Detailed endoscopic evaluation of duodenal lesions with potential for carcinoma development is therefore mandatory. Here we investigated the features of duodenal lesions in FAP patients using an endocytoscopy system (ECS). We retrospectively reviewed duodenal lesions in 15 cases of FAP using an ECS (GIF-H290EC) with methylene blue (MB) as the vital dye. With reference to the Spigelman classification, we investigated the number of lesions using white light (WL), narrow-band imaging (NBI), and MB staining. Using the maximum magnification power of the ECS we investigated the histology (duct openings or finger-like projections) and grade of dysplasia (presence or absence of enlarged oval-shaped nuclei) of the lesions. The number of duodenal lesions increased in ascending order of WL, NBI, and MB (P < 0.05). Among 51 MB-unstained lesions, 46 (90.2%) were proven to be duodenal neoplasms histologically. Duct openings were seen in 90.2% of tubular adenomas and tubulovillous adenomas. Finger-like projections were seen in 33.3% of tubular adenomas and in 88.2% of tubulovillous adenomas. Enlarged oval-shaped nuclei were observed in 100% of duodenal cancers, 33.3% of high-grade adenomas, and 9.4% of low-grade adenomas. MB staining allows more accurate detection of duodenal neoplasms in comparison to conventional WL and NBI observation. In cases of FAP, use of the maximum magnification power of the ECS may allow selection of lesions with high malignant potential.
Targeting PSMD14 inhibits melanoma growth through SMAD3 stabilization
Authors: Yokoyama Satoru , Iwakami Yusuke , Hang Zhao , Kin Ryoei , Zhou Yue , Yasuta Yutaka , Takahashi Atsushi , Hayakawa Yoshihiro , Sakurai Hiroaki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough melanoma therapy is improved by novel molecular targeted reagents, including vemurafenib, aberrant proliferation and early metastasis remain obstacles for melanoma; therefore, novel target molecules for melanoma need to be identified. In this study, we focused on deubiquitinating enzymes, which regulate protein stability through ubiquitin–proteasome systems, and identified 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 (PSMD14) as a molecule related to melanoma growth using siRNA library screening. Similar to a previous report, PSMD14 knockdown strongly induced p21 expression and inhibited RB phosphorylation in melanoma. After in silico analysis, TGF-β signaling was identified as a negatively correlated gene set with PSMD14 expression. Although TGF-β signaling is also related to the invasive phenotype of melanoma, PSMD14 knockdown suppressed melanoma migration and reduced SLUG expression, suggesting that targeting PSMD14 suppresses both growth and migration. Furthermore, SMAD3 expression increased in nucleus and SMAD3 degradation was delayed after PSMD14 knockdown. Thus, our present study suggests that targeting PSMD14 can inhibit melanoma growth and migration through either SMAD3 accumulation or SLUG reduction, respectively.
Complications and Management of the Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair
Authors: Chen Sheena W. , Lee Kyongjune B. , Napolitano Michael A. , Murillo-Berlioz Alejandro E. , Sattah Anna P. , Sarin Shawn , Trachiotis Gregory 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEndovascular treatment in thoracic aortic diseases has increased in use exponentially since Dake and colleagues first described the use of a home-made transluminal endovascular graft on 13 patients with descending thoracic aortic aneurysm at Stanford University in the early 1990s. Thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair (TEVAR) was initially developed for therapy in patients deemed unfit for open surgery. Innovations in endograft engineering design and popularization of endovascular techniques have transformed TEVAR to the predominant treatment choice in elective thoracic aortic repair. The number of TEVARs performed in the United States increased by 600% from 1998 to 2007, while the total number of thoracic aortic repairs increased by 60%. As larger multicenter trials and meta-analysis studies in the 2000s demonstrate the significant decrease in perioperative morbidity and mortality of TEVAR over open repair, TEVAR became incorporated into standard guidelines. The 2010 American consensus guidelines recommend TEVAR to be “strongly considered” when feasible for patients with degenerative or traumatic aneurysms of the descending thoracic aorta exceeding 5.5 cm, saccular aneurysms, or postoperative pseudoaneurysms. Nowadays, TEVAR is the predominant treatment for degenerative and traumatic descending thoracic aortic aneurysm repair. Although TEVAR has been shown to have decreased early morbidity and mortality compared with open surgical repair, endovascular manipulation of a diseased aorta with endovascular devices continues to have significant risks. Despite continued advancement in endovascular technique and devices since the first prospective trial examined the complications associated with TEVAR, common complications, two decades later, still include stroke, spinal cord ischemia, device failure, unintentional great vessel coverage, access site complications, and renal injury. In this article, we review common TEVAR complications with some corresponding radiographic imaging and their management.
Aortic Valve Endocarditis with Anomalous Origin of the Right Coronary Artery and Unknown Infected Thrombus in the Dissected Descending Thoracic Aorta
Authors: Caceres Juan , Sood Vikram , Farhat Linda , Yang Bo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe report an intricate aortic root replacement in a young male patient suffering from native valve infective endocarditis due to Serratia marcescens. Further complicating the total root replacement, there was an unknown infected aortic thrombus and a concomitant anomalous right coronary artery with an intramural course. As a result of our more aggressive approach, we believe that we lowered the risk of recurrent infection of the bioprosthesis of the aortic root.
Advanced fluorescence microscopy reveals disruption of dynamic CXCR4 dimerization by subpocket-specific inverse agonists
Authors: Işbilir Ali , Möller Jan , Arimont Marta , Bobkov Vladimir , Perpiñá-Viciano Cristina , Hoffmann Carsten , Inoue Asuka , Heukers Raimond , de Graaf Chris , Smit Martine J. , Annibale Paolo , Lohse Martin J. 
Published: November 2020

SignificanceClass A G protein−coupled receptors (GPCRs) can form dimers and oligomers via poorly understood mechanisms. We show here that the chemokine receptor CXCR4, which is a major pharmacological target, has an oligomerization behavior modulated by its active conformation. Combining advanced, single-molecule, and single-cell optical tools with functional assays and computational approaches, we unveil three key features of CXCR4 quaternary organization: CXCR4 dimerization 1) is dynamic, 2) increases with receptor expression level, and 3) can be disrupted by stabilizing an inactive receptor conformation. Ligand binding motifs reveal a ligand binding subpocket essential to modulate both CXCR4 basal activity and dimerization. This is relevant to develop new strategies to design CXCR4-targeting drugs.
Adversarial vulnerabilities of human decision-making
Authors: Dezfouli Amir , Nock Richard , Dayan Peter 
Published: November 2020

Significance
“What I cannot efficiently break, I cannot understand.” Understanding the vulnerabilities of human choice processes allows us to detect and potentially avoid adversarial attacks. We develop a general framework for creating adversaries for human decision-making. The framework is based on recent developments in deep reinforcement learning models and recurrent neural networks and can in principle be applied to any decision-making task and adversarial objective. We show the performance of the framework in three tasks involving choice, response inhibition, and social decision-making. In all of the cases the framework was successful in its adversarial attack. Furthermore, we show various ways to interpret the models to provide insights into the exploitability of human choice.
A complex system approach to language evolution
Authors: Colaiori Francesca , Tria Francesca 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRegularities in natural language systems, despite their cognitive advantages in terms of storage and learnability, often coexist with exceptions, raising the question of whether and why irregularities survive. We offer a complex system perspective on this issue, focusing on the irregular past tense forms in English. Two separate processes affect the overall regularity: new verbs constantly entering the vocabulary in the regular form at low frequency, and transitions in both directions (from irregular to regular and vice-versa) occurring in a narrow frequency range. The introduction of new verbs leads to an increase in regular types, that, entering at low frequencies, have a small impact on the perceived irregularity in terms of tokens. The frequency of usage acts as a control parameter, the majority of verbs types being fully-regular(irregular) at low(high) frequencies, with no evidence of irregularity facing extinction. Very few verbs types in an intermediate frequency region exhibit both regular and irregular forms at the same time, suggesting that the coexistence is unstable. The observed pattern of usage showing an abrupt change in response to small variations of the control parameter only appears in agent-based models provided that the word state is non-binary. By introducing this key ingredient, high-frequency irregular past-tense can survive the tendency to regularize over time, as observed in natural languages.
What are the determinants of survival curves of words?
Authors: Velde Freek Van de , Keersmaekers Alek 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
An evolutionary approach to historical linguistics can be enlightening when not only the mechanisms, but also the
statistical methods are considered from neighboring disciplines. In this short paper, we apply survival analysis to investigate
what factors determine the lifespan of words. Our case study is on post-classical Greek from the 4th century bc to the beginning of
the 8th century ad. We find that lower frequency and phonetically longer lexemes suffer earlier deaths. Furthermore, verbs turn
out to have higher survival rates than adjectives and nouns.
Reconsidering subjectification from the perspective of animal signalling
Authors: Ritt Nikolaus , Baumann Andreas , Zehentner Eva , Zöpfl Alexandra 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper discusses the view that subjectifications (i.e. semantic changes through which words come to index speakers’ evaluations or their attitudes towards a proposition) are primarily motivated by speakers’ need for self-expression (Traugott 2010). Approaching the issue from the perspective of animal signalling (Krebs & Dawkins 1984), we propose that semantic subjectifications are at least equally likely to reflect evaluations and attitudes read into utterances by listeners who attempt to read speakers’ minds. We compare speaker-based and listener-based theories with regard to their predictions, sketch ways in which they can be tested and report findings from first attempts at doing so. First, we report evidence from diachronic corpora. Second, we describe a game-theoretic model that relates listener’s interest in speaker intentions to the average degree of speaker-honesty in a population. Third, we report preliminary results of an experiment in which we tested if listeners were more likely to interpret an utterance as indexing speaker subjectivity when they perceived speakers as more powerful. We conclude that the listener-based hypothesis of subjectification is solid enough to warrant further investigation.
Co-evolution of internalization and externalization in the emergence of the human lexicon
Authors: Fujita Haruka 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThere has been a long-standing controversy in the context of language evolution on whether the original function of human language was internal thought or external communication. However, given the fact that language clearly serves both functions, internalization and externalization must have been co-evolutionarily acted in the emergence of human language. This article proposes a theoretical hypothesis about this co-evolutionary relationship of internalization and externalization, which especially explains the emergence of the human lexicon. To discuss the evolution of language from a comprehensive perspective, this article proposes a promising model that integrates two approaches with different standpoints: generative grammar and cognitive linguistics. This paper also examines the definition and nature of the lexicon and lexical items based on this integrated model. The hypothesis presented here demonstrates that the co-evolutionary work of internalization and externalization has been involved in two processes in the development of the lexicon: the establishment of syntactic objects (lexical items) and the improvement of creativity responsible for the expansion of lexicon size. The main conclusion is that these processes have formed a positive feedback loop and provided our lexicon with complex and unique properties.
Compressive Strength of Coal Fly-ash Based Geopolymer with Integration of Graphene Nanosheets (GNs)
Authors: Amri Amun , Kurniawan Rahmat , Sutikno Sigit , Yenti Silvia Reni , Rahman M Mahbubur , Hendri Yola Bertilsya 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The compressive strength of coal fly ash-based geopolymers has been improved by integrating the graphene nanosheets (GNs) as additive. Proximate analysis and crystal structure were also investigated using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and X-ray diffractometer. The geopolymer composites were created by mixing the solid fly ash and sand (weight ratio of 1:3) with 10 M NaOH and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) solutions (weight ratio of 1: 2.5), where the liquid to solid weight ratio reached an economical composition of 1: 4. Low-cost GNs with various concentrations of 5 – 20 mg/ml was then added to the mixtures. The prepared mixtures were poured into mortar molds and allowed to stand for few hours at room temperature before heat treatment (curing) in the oven at various temperatures of 40°C, 60°C, and 80°C for 24 hours. Investigation results showed that the average compressive strength of geopolymer increased about 113.8 % or more than double compared to geopolymer without the addition of GNs. The highest compressive strength (29.5 MPa) was shown by a sample with GNs of 20 mg/mL and a curing temperature of 8°C. Meanwhile, geopolymer without GNs showed the lowest compressive strength in all curing temperatures. Proximate analysis showed that fly ash used in this work was the high calcium of type-C fly ash with the CaO content of 11.18%. XRD analysis results indicated that the GNs had integrated well in the geopolymer matrix. The presence of graphene-like structure was also detected, but it was not agglomerated with GNs. Good compressive strength and inexpensive production processes make this geopolymer very prospective for further development.
A High Potential of Biomass Leaves Waste for Porous Activated Carbon Nanofiber/Nanosheet as Electrode Material of Supercapacitor
Authors: Apriwandi  , Agustino  , Taer Erman , Taslim Rika 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Since porous carbon materials derived from biomass, with low cost, abundant and sustainable, relatively easy fabrication, high electrical conductivity, large specific surface area (SSA), surface morphology with nanomaterial structures, and superior electrochemical stability have attracted attention which are strong and highly trusted to be a candidate for the electrode material of supercapacitor energy storage. This study highlighted recent laboratory-scale methods for preparing activated carbon nanostructures from leaves biomass wastes. Four types of focused leaves waste including acacia leaves, pineapple leaves, and Terminalia catappa leaves (TCL), and Pandanus tectorius leaves (PTL). Leave wastes were converted into activated carbon by KOH activation and one-stage integrated pyrolysis both of carbonization and physical activation. Symmetric supercapacitor electrode ware performed with sandwich-type in monolith form without adhesive materials. Among the raw materials found in this study, nanofiber structures dominated the surface morphology of carbon monolith, especially in acacia leaves, pineapple leaves, and TCL. Interestingly, the same basic material of TCL could perform two different nanostructures including nanofiber and nanosheet. In addition, the percentages of carbon and oxygen contents in the sample were also provided. Furthermore, supercapacitor cells exhibited the highest specific capacitance are activated carbon derived from pineapple leaves as high as 150 F g−1 in 1M H2SO4 aqueous electrolyte at a low scanning rate of 1 mV s−1. Finally, these results confirmed that leaves biomass wastes have high potential as a raw material of activated carbon nanofiber/nanosheet structure to be applied in supercapacitor electrodes.
Change in The Structure of Polyme Polyacetylene When Irradiated by Low-Energy X-Ray Taken by Tem
Authors: Ngoc Hoang Van 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Plastics or synthetic plastics are products that are not naturally available, but are made by humans. They have a long decomposition time, can last up to hundreds, thousands of years (plastic bottles, plastic straws and plastic bags take 10 years to 1000 years to decompose). Plastic waste is the plastic products after being used and are discharged into the environment such as plastic bags, plastic bottles, plastic straws, synthetic plastics. Here polymer being studied is polyacetylene, polyacetylene is a plastic film, polyacetylene is projected by low-energy x-rays with different projection doses, thereby analyzing the structural change of the polyacetylene. The changing structure leads to a change in polymer decomposition time, which can reduce environmental pollution.
Synthesis of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle from Logas Natural Sand and Its Application for the Catalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue
Authors: Septiawan Rebi , Amiruddin Erwin , Awaluddin Amir , Hadianto Heri , Davini Nindi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Structural properties, morphology, and the catalytic activity of hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles for degradation of methylene blue have been studied. For this purpose, the hematite particles were synthesised from Logas natural sand by 2 steps ball milling method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the presence of a hematite (α-Fe2O3) phase. However, other phases such as SiO2 and FeTiO3 are also confirmed by XRD. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed a wide distribution of particle sizes. Moreover, the shape of the grains is irregular form. The effect of reaction time and hematite nanoparticles dosage which affect the efficiency of catalytic reaction was investigated. Catalytic activity of hematite nanoparticles in the degradation of methylene blue (MB) was studied through ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis).