bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comorbidity profile of adult survivors at 20 years following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Seneviratne Ayesh K. , Wright Clare , Lam Wilson , Lipton Jeffrey H. , Michelis Fotios V. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNumerous chronic medical conditions and complications can arise following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) that may have a negative impact on survival and quality of life.ObjectiveThe purpose of the present study was to review the comorbidities of a single‐center cohort of allogeneic HCT recipients that survived 20 years postallogeneic transplantation.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated 172 patients that underwent allogeneic HCT at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre between 1979 and 1998 and who survived at least 20 years post‐HCT.ResultsThe most frequent individual comorbidities documented were dyslipidemia (29%), hypertension (31%), osteoporosis (15%), hypothyroidism (15%), and depression/anxiety (13%). Follow‐up data following the 20‐year mark were available for 135 patients, overall survival (OS) of that group at 5 and 10 years was 94% and 90%, respectively. When grouped by the number of concurrent comorbidities, there was a significant difference in OS between the groups with 0‐1, 2‐3, and ≥4 comorbidities (P = .01).ConclusionsEvidently, long‐term allogeneic HCT recipients may develop a number of comorbidities that negatively influence survival even past the 20‐year post‐transplant mark. These findings warrant the continuous long‐term medical follow‐up of allogeneic transplant patients, regardless of age or time that has lapsed post‐HCT.
Backing up from negative stimuli: A back‐thrust mechanism during escape‐like response in wild sevengill sharks (Notorynchus cepedianus)
Authors: De Wysiecki Agustín M. , Trobbiani Gastón A. , Irigoyen Alejo J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBroadnose sevengill sharks (Notorynchus cepedianus) show great interest for bait and display a repertoire of movements while engaging with it. A novel back‐thrust mechanism is described in wild sevengill sharks by which individuals back up from a negative stimulus while interacting with baited video stations. This mechanism initiates upon head contact with the device that functions as a negative stimulus eliciting a startle escape‐like response. By heavily flipping pectoral fins and curving the body, sharks increase hydrodynamic resistance, backing up from the negative stimulus. Once backed up, sharks performed the common C‐shaped double‐bend escape maneuver described for sharks. Sharks also used the same back‐thrust mechanism as a repositioning maneuver, but not as part of a startle response. The quantification of the turning rate indicated context‐dependent variation in velocity and confirmed that the majority of withdrawals corresponded to slow escape‐like motions. In general, an elongated body and individual flipping control of pectoral fins allowed for great maneuverability and lateral flexure. Sharks exhibited great tolerance to one another during double and triple encounters. The implications for grouping and social hunting of the species are briefly discussed based on past evidence and the movement behavior, gregarious interactions, and body markings observed in the present study. This work highlights the importance of studies in the natural environment and the use of complementary approaches to investigate the broader range of locomotor aspects of different shark species.
Equine metabolic syndrome in UK native ponies and cobs is highly prevalent with modifiable risk factors
Authors: Carslake Harry B. , Pinchbeck Gina L. , McGowan Catherine M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe epidemiology of equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) is poorly described.ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of EMS in native UK ponies and cobs in England and Wales and identify associated risk factors.Study designCross‐sectional study.MethodsBreeders registered with UK native pony breed societies and registered riding schools and livery yards within a set radius were invited to participate. All native UK ponies and cobs aged 3‐14 years and not diagnosed or being treated for conditions likely to affect insulin regulation at participating premises were eligible. Animals underwent a clinical examination and an oral glucose test while their owner or keeper completed a questionnaire by face‐to‐face interview. Data were analysed by multilevel uni‐ and multivariable modelling using insulin concentration and EMS diagnosis as outcomes.ResultsA total of 354 animals were examined at 64 properties (19 studs, 19 livery yards, 26 riding schools). The overall prevalence of EMS adjusted for clustering within yard was 23.3% (95%CI 17.9%–29.8%). Risk factors associated with a diagnosis of EMS included age, being female, more sedentary main activity, obesity, and shorter periods on pasture during the summer. Compared to the Welsh section A, the other Welsh, Connemara and cob breeds all had decreased odds of EMS. Clinical manifestations of hoof growth ring and supraorbital fat scores of 3/3 were more frequent in EMS ponies and animals with a history of laminitis within the last 5 years (9.7%) were 14.4 (95% CI 5.9–35.3) times more likely to be positive for EMS than those without.Main limitationsResults may not be transferable to other breeds or age groups.ConclusionsEquine metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent in UK native ponies and cobs with modifiable risk factors including obesity and sedentary activities. Modifying risk factors could help reduce the risk of laminitis in susceptible animals.
Effects of Procedural Discomfort and Expectation of Benefit on Therapy Continuation in Chronic Migraine Patients Treated With OnabotulinumtoxinA
Authors: Anderson Christopher C. , Ray Christopher A. , Butler Michael R. , Darken Rachel S. 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundOnabotulinumtoxinA (BTX) has become a mainstream treatment for chronic migraine (CM). Patients often have varied expectations for treatment success but little is known about how these initial impressions influence continuation of therapy.ObjectiveTo record expectations of benefit and procedural discomfort (PD) from initial BTX treatment and to investigate their association with treatment success, defined as continuation of treatment for >3 sessions within a 2‐year period.MethodsA retrospective chart review of CM patients receiving initial treatment with BTX was performed. Patients were questioned about their expectations of benefit and PD as rated on a 0‐10 scale. Responses were then compared with continuation of therapy beyond 3 sessions to identify the presence of significant association.ResultsResponses from patients (N = 297) were analyzed. About 173 subjects continued with BTX therapy for more than 3 sessions (173/297, 58.3%). Unadjusted odds ratios (OR) for expectation of benefit (EOB) (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.99‐1.24, P = .087) and PD (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.90‐1.16, P = .780) were not significantly predictive of continuing treatment. After considering sex, age, year of treatment, and previous headache preventative trials, only female sex (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.09‐3.74, P = .025) was found to be significantly associated with treatment continuation.ConclusionsIn the usual care setting, PD and EOB are not significantly associated with therapy continuation in patients receiving initial treatment with BTX for the prevention of CM. However, after considering sex, age, year of treatment, and number of previous headache preventives attempted, we found that female patients had twice the likelihood of continuing with BTX therapy compared to male patients with CM.
Predictors of serofast state after treatment for early syphilis in HIV‐infected patients
Authors: Paul G , Wesselmann J , Adzic D , Malin JJ , Suarez I , Priesner V , Kümmerle T , Wyen C , Jung N , van Bremen K , Schlabe S , Wasmuth J‐C , Boesecke C , Fätkenheuer G , Rockstroh J , Schwarze‐Zander C , Lehmann C 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesNon‐treponemal serological tests are used to monitor treatment response during syphilis infection. Syphilis‐ and HIV‐coinfected patients may experience incomplete resolution in non‐treponemal titres, which is referred to as the serofast state. The goal of this study was to evaluate risk factors for serofast state in HIV‐infected patients.MethodsFrom November 2015 to June 2018, 1530 HIV‐positive patients were tested for syphilis using a Treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA) assay. Among TPPA‐positive patients, medical records were reviewed for early syphilis infection. Serofast state was defined as a less than four‐fold decrease in non‐treponemal antibody titres during a 6‐month follow‐up period in the absence of symptoms of syphilis. Baseline characteristics were tested as predictive factors of serological response.ResultsIn all, 515 patients (33.7%) tested positive in TPPA assays, and in 163 patients at least one previous syphilis infection was documented. A total of 61 out of 163 patients (37.4%) were in a serofast state. A history of previous syphilis infection (61 vs. 43%; P = 0.04) was more common in serofast patients than in patients with serological cure after 6 months. Non‐treponemal titres ≥ 1:32 before therapy (47 vs. 25%; P = 0.005) and adjunctive corticosteroids to prevent the Jarisch–Herxheimer reaction (35% vs 15%; P = 0.006) were associated with serological cure after 6 months, but corticosteroid therapy had no influence at 12 months. The intensity of syphilis treatment did not affect serological cure.ConclusionCorticosteroids for prevention of the Jarisch–Herxheimer reaction were associated with earlier serological cure. Although serological response is the accredited surrogate method to monitor syphilis treatment, the biological significance of the serofast state remains unclear.
Racial/ethnic differences in consumer financial capability: The role of financial education
Authors: Kim Kyoung Tae , Xiao Jing Jian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study examined the racial/ethnic differences in financial capability controlling for various factors focusing on the role of financial education. Furthermore, we investigated the contributing factors to clarify where such gap stems. Regression results using data from the 2018 U.S. National Financial Capability Study indicated that Whites had a higher level of financial capability across all indicators than other racial/ethnic minority groups. Respondents who participated in the financial education had a higher level of financial capability than those without financial education. Multiple sources, hours and quality of financial education were positively associated with the level of financial capability. Decomposition analyses showed that age, income, negative income shock and banking status contributed to explain the gaps of financial capability between Black and White respondents as well as between Hispanic and White respondents. Financial education was a contributing factor only to explain the Black–White difference and it may narrow the gap. However, we found substantial unexplained gaps between Black and Hispanic respondents attributed by unobservable characteristics. Results of this study provide important insights into the racial/ethnic disparities in financial capability that have implications for consumer policymakers, educators and researchers.
Lichen planopilaris in men: a retrospective clinicopathologic study of 19 patients
Authors: Cantwell Hafsa M. , Wieland Carilyn N. , Proffer Sydney L. , Imhof Reese L. , Torgerson Rochelle R. , Tolkachjov Stanislav N. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundLichen planopilaris (LPP) is a scarring alopecia rarely described in men.ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical and histopathologic features of LPP in men.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of male patients with LPP seen at Mayo Clinic between 1992 and 2016.ResultsNineteen men with biopsy‐confirmed LPP were included. The disease most commonly presented with diffuse (42.1%) or vertex scalp (42.1%) involvement. None of the patients had eyebrow or body hair involvement. Perifollicular erythema (94.7%) and pruritus (57.9%) were the most frequent clinical findings. Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) co‐occurred in 26.3% of patients. Mucosal lichen planus was found in four patients (21.1%). Thyroid disease occurred in three patients (15.8%). Disease improvement (47.3%) occurred with combination topical and systemic therapy, topical clobetasol monotherapy, and minocycline monotherapy.ConclusionsLPP in men has similar clinical and histologic presentations as reported in women. Nonscalp hair loss appears less likely in men with classic LPP than reported in men with frontal fibrosing alopecia, while mucosal lichen planus and thyroid disease appear to be more common in classic LPP. Men with AGA can present with new‐onset concomitant LPP. Limitations included small study size, variable follow‐up, and lack of standardized clinical assessment due the study’s retrospective nature.
Functional differentiation and regulation of follicular T helper cells in inflammation and autoimmunity
Authors: Dong Lin , He Ying , Cao Yejin , Wang Yuexin , Jia Anna , Wang Yufei , Yang Qiuli , Li Wanjie , Bi Yujing , Liu Guangwei 
Published: October 2020

SummaryFollicular T helper (TFH) cells are specialized T cells that support B cells, which are essential for humoral immunity. TFH cells express the transcription factor B‐cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl‐6), chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) receptor (CXCR) 5, the surface receptors programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) and inducible T‐cell costimulator (ICOS), the cytokine IL‐21 and other molecules. The activation, proliferation and differentiation of TFH cells are closely related to dynamic changes in cellular metabolism. In this review, we summarize the progress made in understanding the development and functional differentiation of TFH cells. Specifically, we focus on the regulatory mechanisms of TFH cell functional differentiation, including regulatory signalling pathways and the metabolic regulatory mechanisms of TFH cells. In addition, TFH cells are closely related to immune‐associated diseases, including infections, autoimmune diseases and cancers.
Qualitative study on the causes and consequences of compassion fatigue from the perspective of nurses
Authors: Pérez‐García Esteban , Ortega‐Galán Ángela María , Ibáñez‐Masero Olivia , Ramos‐Pichardo Juan Diego , Fernández‐Leyva Antonia , Ruiz‐Fernández María Dolores 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCompassion is one of the core elements of nursing care. Continued exposure to patient pain and suffering puts nurses at risk of developing compassion fatigue. The aim of this study was to understand the causes and consequences of compassion fatigue from the perspective of nurses. To this end, a qualitative design based on the hermeneutic phenomenology paradigm was used. Five focus group sessions were held with 43 nursing professionals. Two themes and six sub‐themes emerged from the analysis of their discourses in relation to the impact of compassion fatigue on nurses. Based on the results obtained, the causes perceived as generating compassion fatigue are the lack of time and resources to provide comprehensive nursing care. The consequences identified were difficulties in carrying out their work, repercussions on family and private life, anxiety, stress, and, in some cases, the desire to quit the profession. This study concluded that healthcare organizations are key to fostering compassionate care and that cultivating compassion is necessary to prevent compassion fatigue.
Tunable multicolor upconversion luminescence of Yb3+ sensitized Na3La(VO4)2 crystals
Authors: Xiao Qi , Dong Xinyao , Yin Xiumei , Wang Hong , Zhong Hua , Xing Mingming , Tian Ying , Fu Yao , Dong Bin , Luo Xixian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMulticolor upconversion luminescence materials show significantly applications in materials science. In this paper, the novel Yb3+‐sensitized Na3La(VO4)2 upconversion luminescence crystals are synthesized by the solid‐state reaction method. Three primary colors upconversion luminescence are successfully achieved in Na3La(VO4)2:Yb3+,Tm3+, Na3La(VO4)2:Yb3+,Er3+, and Na3La(VO4)2:Yb3+,Ho3+ crystals excited by the single 980 nm LD. Multicolor upconversion luminescence can be obtained by simply adjusting the combination ratios of these three samples. Luminescence mechanisms of the Yb3+‐sensitized system are discussed in detail. In the Na3La(VO4)2 host material, the Yb3+/Ho3+ codoped system exhibits unusual red upconversion luminescence based on the short decay time of Ho3+ ion 5I6 level, which provides the possibility of three primary color luminescence under 980 nm excitation.
The development of a consensus‐based spiritual care education standard for undergraduate nursing and midwifery students: An educational mixed methods study
Authors: van Leeuwen René , Attard Josephine , Ross Linda , Boughey Adam , Giske Tove , Kleiven Tormod , McSherry Wilfred 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to develop a consensus‐based Spiritual Care Education Standard for undergraduate N/M students to use in undergraduate programmes.DesignMixed methods were used consisting of qualitative and quantitative methods based on the principles of Delphi research.MethodsThe sample consisted of a total of 58 (N = 58) participants from 21 European countries. Data collection was conducted from June 2017 ‐ February 2019 and took place in facilitated iterative action learning cycles and online surveys. Data were analysed by descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis. Consensus was stated by >90% agreement.ResultsThe process resulted in an EPICC Spiritual Care Education Standard consisting of the following four spiritual care competences: Intrapersonal spirituality, Interpersonal spirituality, Spiritual care: assessment and planning, Spiritual care: intervention and evaluation. For every competence, learning outcomes were described in knowledge, skills and attitudes.ConclusionThis Standard guides N/M spiritual care education, student assessment and research. It can be the starting point for discussing spiritual care competences in other healthcare professions. Follow‐up research should focus on implementation of the standard and on assessment of students’ spiritual competence.ImpactThe Standard guides curriculum and programme development. The Standard guides students in performing their learning process. The Standard provides a frame of reference for policy making and follow‐up research.
Do early warning track and trigger tools improve patient outcomes? A systematic synthesis without meta‐analysis
Authors: Credland Nicola , Dyson Judith , Johnson Miriam J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo determine the effect of Early Warning Track and Trigger Tools on patient outcomes.DesignA systematic review: synthesis without meta‐analysis.Data sourcesElectronic databases were searched from 1 January 2013–1 August 2018 and 221 papers identified.Review methodsA systematic review and narrative synthesis supported the identification of synthesized findings named and reported according to outcome measure.ResultsFive international papers representing over 74,000 patients were included in the analysis. Seven key findings were identified, the impact of NEWS on: (a) cardiopulmonary arrest; (b) mortality; (c) serious adverse events; (d) length of hospital stay; (e) hospital admissions; (f) observation frequency; and (g) Intensive/High dependency Unit admission. Papers identified statistically significant improvements in mortality, serious adverse events, hospital admissions, observation frequency, and intensive care unit/high dependency unit admission when an Early Warning Track and Trigger protocol is in use. There were conflicting results regarding length of stay and cardiopulmonary arrest data.ConclusionEarly Warning Track and Trigger Tools can aid recognition of deteriorating patients. Further research is required in relation to hospital length of stay and cardiopulmonary arrests.ImpactEarly warning track and trigger tools have been implemented nationally and to a lesser degree internationally. There is evidence to suggest improved clinical outcomes following their use. Further research needs to combine the use of the National Early Warning Score with an agreed set of measured outcomes, and then subsequent study data could be combined to provide much stronger levels of evidence.
S‐Nitrosylation of Akt by organic nitrate delays revascularization and the recovery of cardiac function in mice following myocardial infarction
Authors: Li Xiao‐Yan , Zhang Hong‐Ming , An Gui‐Peng , Liu Mo‐Yan , Han Shu‐Fang , Jin Qun , Song Ying , Lin Yi‐Meng , Dong Bo , Wang Shuang‐Xi , Meng Ling‐Bo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe effects of long‐term nitrate therapy are compromised due to protein S‐Nitrosylation, which is mediated by nitric oxide (NO). This study is to determine the role of Akt S‐Nitrosylation in the recovery of heart functions after ischaemia. In recombinant Akt protein and in HEK293 cells, NO donor decreased Akt activity and induced Akt S‐Nitrosylation, but was abolished if Akt protein was mutated by replacing cysteine 296/344 with alanine (Akt‐C296/344A). In endothelial cells, NO induced Akt S‐Nitrosylation, reduced Akt activity and damaged multiple cellular functions including proliferation, migration and tube formation. These alterations were ablated if cells expressed Akt‐C296/344A mutant. In Apoe−/− mice, nitroglycerine infusion increased both Akt S‐Nitrosylation and infarct size, reduced Akt activity and capillary density, and delayed the recovery of cardiac function in ischaemic hearts, compared with mice infused with vehicle. Importantly, these in vivo effects of nitroglycerine in Apoe−/− mice were remarkably prevented by adenovirus‐mediated enforced expression of Akt‐C296/344A mutant. In conclusion, long‐term usage of organic nitrate may inactivate Akt to delay ischaemia‐induced revascularization and the recovery of cardiac function through NO‐mediated S‐Nitrosylation.
Overview of the molecular determinants contributing to the expression of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis phenotypes
Authors: Caputo Valerio , Strafella Claudia , Termine Andrea , Dattola Annunziata , Mazzilli Sara , Lanna Caterina , Cosio Terenzio , Campione Elena , Novelli Giuseppe , Giardina Emiliano , Cascella Raffaella 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPsoriasis and psoriatic arthritis are multifactorial chronic disorders whose etiopathogenesis essentially derives from the alteration of several signalling pathways and the co‐occurrence of genetic, epigenetic and non‐genetic susceptibility factors that altogether affect the functional and structural property of the skin. Although shared and differential susceptibility genes and molecular pathways are known to contribute to the onset of pathological phenotypes, further research is needed to dissect the molecular causes of psoriatic disease and its progression towards Psoriatic Arthritis. This review will therefore be addressed to explore differences and similarities in the etiopathogenesis and progression of both disorders, with a particular focus on genes involved in the maintenance of the skin structure and integrity (keratins and collagens), modulation of patterns of recognition (through Toll‐like receptors and dectin‐1) and immuno‐inflammatory response (by NLRP3‐dependent inflammasome) to microbial pathogens. In addition, special emphasis will be given to the contribution of epigenetic elements (methylation pattern, non‐coding RNAs, chromatin modifiers and 3D genome organization) to the etiopathogenesis and progression of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. The evidence discussed in this review highlights how the knowledge of patients' clinical and (epi)genomic make‐up could be helpful for improving the available therapeutic strategies for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis treatment.