bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis delta virus interacts with splicing factor SF3B155 and alters pre‐mRNA splicing of cell cycle control genes
Authors: Tavanez João Paulo , Caetano Rafael , Branco Cristina , Brito Inês Margarida , Miragaia‐Pereira Ana , Vassilevskaia Tatiana , Quina Ana Sofia , Cunha Celso 
Published: April 2020

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is the agent responsible for the most severe form of human viral hepatitis. The HDV genome consists of a single‐stranded circular RNA molecule that encodes for one single protein, the delta antigen. Given its simplicity, HDV must make use of several host cellular proteins to accomplish its life cycle processes, including transcription, replication, post‐transcriptional, and post‐translational modifications. Consequently, identification of the interactions established between HDV components and host proteins assumes a pivotal interest in the search of novel therapeutic targets. Here, we used the yeast three‐hybrid system to screen a human liver cDNA library to identify host proteins that interact with the HDV genomic RNA. One of the identified proteins corresponded to the splicing factor SF3B155, a component of the U2snRNP complex that is essential for the early recognition of 3′ splice sites in the pre‐mRNAs of human genes. We show that the interaction between the HDV genomic RNA and SF3B155 occurs in vivo and that the expression of HDV promotes changes in splicing of human genes whose alternative splicing is SF3B155‐dependent. We further show that expression of HDV triggers alterations in several constitutive and alternative splicing events in the tumor suppressor RBM5 transcript, with consequent reduction of its protein levels. This is the first description that HDV expression promotes changes in the splicing of human genes, and we suggest that the HDV‐induced alternative splicing changes, through SF3B155 sequester, may contribute for the early progression to hepatocellular carcinoma characteristic of HDV‐infected patients.
Systematic review of psychometric properties of instruments measuring patient preferences for engagement in health care
Authors: Jerofke‐Owen Teresa , Garnier‐Villarreal Mauricio , Fial Alissa , Tobiano Georgia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTo identify, critically appraise, and summarize instruments that measure patients’ preferences for engagement in health care.DesignPsychometric systematic literature review.Data sourcesPubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched from inception to March 2019.Review methodsThree reviewers independently evaluated the ‘methodological quality’ and the ‘measurement properties’ of the included instruments using the Consensus‐based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist and Terwee's quality criteria. Each instrument was given a Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) score. The review was registered at PROSPERO (registry number CRD42018109253).ResultsA total of 16 studies evaluating 8 instruments measuring patients’ preferences for engagement in health care were included. All instruments were downgraded for their ‘methodological quality’ or ‘measurement properties’, or a combination of both. Common concerns were lack of theoretical basis, absence of patient input during development, incorrect usage and reporting of validity measures and absence of a priori hypotheses to test validity.ConclusionsThere were no identified instruments that demonstrated adequate evidence for all measurement properties. The Patient Preferences for Patient Participation Scale (4Ps) and 10‐item Decisional Engagement Scale (DES‐10) had the highest overall GRADE scores; however, each had some underlying developmental or methodological issues.ImpactAssessing how patients prefer to engage in their care is a critical first step to truly individualize engagement interventions to meet patient expectations. Systematic reviews of measures of patient experience with engagement in health care have been undertaken but none are available on measures of patient preferences for engagement. The results highlight the need to further develop and test instruments that measure patients’ preferences for engagement in health care within a framework for consumerism. Involving the consumer in the instrument development process will ensure that engagement strategies used by healthcare providers are relevant and individualized to consumer preferences.
Senior high school students' opinions on the nursing profession: A ten‐year comparative study
Authors: Mert Selda , Altuntaş Yildiz Tuğba , Gönen Şentürk Seher , Durualp Ender 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsTo analyse the changes in senior students' opinions about the nursing profession over a 10‐year period.DesignA descriptive and comparative study.MethodData were collected using a questionnaire form, which was completed by 400 senior high school students in Çankiri city center during 2007–2008 (Group 1) and 2017–2018 (Group 2) academic years.ResultsCompared with 10 years ago, more students referred to nurses as ‘knowledgeable, concerned, and tolerant’. There were fewer students who knew the duties of nurses. There were significantly fewer students who wanted to be nurses and many who wanted to be nurses in both groups said it was ‘because they love nursing’. Compared with 10 years ago, more students said they wanted to be nurses because their parents wanted them to be nurses, but fewer students said they wanted to be nurses because they love people. There were more students who did not want to be nurses ‘because it is tiring and entails irregular work hours’. However, more students said that they would like to go into nursing if the salary was satisfactory.ConclusionThe study showed that, compared with 10 years ago, more students defined nurses as knowledgeable and professional. They reported they did not currently wish to enter the nursing profession, but that they would do so if the wages were high.ImpactThis study aims to determine the change in young individuals' opinions about the nursing profession in Turkey over a 10‐year period. Due to poor work conditions in the nursing profession, most of the students did not want to be nurses, but their opinions might change if nurses' salaries were satisfactory. Academicians and nurses play an important role in introducing the nursing profession to students when they choose their career and informing high school teachers, who advise these students.
MicroRNAs in atopic dermatitis: A systematic review
Authors: Yu Xin , Wang Meifang , Li Linfeng , Zhang Lin , Chan Matthew Tak Vai , Wu William Ka Kei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory skin disease, affecting up to 10% to 20% of children and 3% of adults. Although allergen sensitization, skin barrier abnormalities and type 2 immune responses are involved, the exact molecular pathogenesis of AD remains unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (19‐25 nucleotides) single‐stranded RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at post‐transcriptional level and are implicated in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory and immunological skin disorders. This systematic review sought to summarize our current understanding regarding the role of miRNAs in AD development. We searched articles indexed in PubMed (MEDLINE) and Web of Science databases using Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) or Title/Abstract words (‘microRNA/miRNA’ and ‘atopic dermatitis/eczema’) from inception through January 2020. Observational studies revealed dysregulation of miRNAs, including miR‐143, miR‐146a, miR‐151a, miR‐155 and miR‐223, in AD patients. Experimental studies confirmed their functions in regulating keratinocyte proliferation/apoptosis, cytokine signalling and nuclear factor‐κB‐dependent inflammatory responses, together with T helper 17 and regulatory T cell activities. Altogether, this systematic review brings together contemporary findings on how deregulation of miRNAs contributes to AD.
An exploratory study of the experiences of deceased‐donor liver transplant recipients and their need for psychotherapeutic support
Authors: McKie Paul , Webzell Ian , Tavabie Oliver , Loewenthal Del , Heaton Nigel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesThis study aimed to explore the experiences of liver transplant recipients during their journey through the treatment and their need for psychotherapeutic support related to this process.BackgroundOver time, measures of survival and quality of life in liver transplant recipients have continued to improve but their emotional needs remain under explored. In the longer‐term recovery from transplantation, the focus shifts from physical health to psychological health. In the UK, there are no known embedded adult psychological services in liver transplant centres to react to this need.DesignA qualitative descriptive design was used.MethodsGrounded theory analysis was used to study the narratives of six adult liver transplant recipients. Through a process of coding, conceptual categories were established to describe the participant experiences. The study adhered to the EQUATOR checklist, SRQR.ResultsFour categories emerged that were related to the experience of liver transplantation for the recipients. These were a process of adjustment, the phenomenon of waiting, liver transplant as a transformative experience and on the value of support. The participants identified a lack of psychotherapeutic support provided by the liver transplant service and felt that an embedded psychotherapeutic service would promote accessing such support during challenging times.ConclusionThrough the process of liver transplantation, recipients experience challenges with adjustment, waiting, feeling transformed and they value support with these feelings. In correlation with other studies, the findings of this study highlight the need for providing psychotherapeutic support within liver transplant services.Relevance to clinical practiceThe study provides evidence to support recommendations for a conjoined psychotherapy service within liver transplant services to support patients with their holistic needs.
Philip John DiSaia, MD: Available Light & The Origin of Storms
Authors: Tewari Krishnansu S. , Monk Bradley J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDuring a career, which spanned nearly 60 years, Professor Philip J. DiSaia (1937–2018) trailblazed a path forward in academic medicine, which would become the standard by which Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology Divisions and Cancer Centers would be measured throughout the United States, in Europe and Japan. Following his discovery of fetal warfarin syndrome as a resident, DiSaia would serve in the U.S. Navy and successfully compete for an American Cancer Society Grant that would fund his Fellowship in Gynecologic Oncology under the instruction of Dr Felix N. Rutledge at the MD Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute in Houston, Texas. Dr DiSaia's goal to establish a traditional academic department was realized at the University of California, Irvine, where he remained active in an unprecedented, uninterrupted 42‐year run, training many outstanding obstetrician‐gynecologists and gynecologic oncologists, future Division Directors, Cancer Center Directors and Department Chairpersons. His dedication to the field and inexhaustible work ethic fueled his many successes in tumor immunology and the clinical trials of the National Cancer Institute's Gynecologic Oncology Group.
An orally delivered, live‐attenuated Edwardsiella ictaluri vaccine efficiently protects channel catfish fingerlings against multiple Edwardsiella ictaluri field isolates
Authors: Aarattuthodiyil Suja , Griffin Matt J. , Greenway Terrence E. , Khoo Lester H. , Byars Todd S. , Lewis Marsha , Steadman James , Wise David J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe commercial channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) industry is adversely impacted by enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC), caused by the Gram‐negative enteric rod Edwardsiella ictaluri. In efforts to develop more effective management strategies, the use of a live‐attenuated E. ictaluri isolate as an oral vaccine was investigated. The utility and broad application of a vaccine is dependent on the protection offered against multiple field isolates. Immunization trials, followed by bacterial challenge with archived virulent E. ictaluri isolates from the catfish farming region of the southeastern United States, were conducted over a 3‐year period. These isolates were archived from 1993 to 2016 and included representatives from nonvaccinated and vaccinated populations of diseased channel catfish in Mississippi, an isolate from nonvaccinated hybrid catfish raised in Mississippi, and an isolate from nonvaccinated channel catfish from Alabama. Molecular characterization of the isolates revealed a high degree of genetic similarity evidenced by repetitive sequence‐mediated polymerase chain reaction (rep‐PCR) fingerprinting and virulence gene amplification, suggesting that the population of E. ictaluri within catfish aquaculture in Mississippi and Alabama has been genetically stable over time. Plasmid profiling revealed the existence of at least four distinct plasmids among field isolates. Nevertheless, the E. ictaluri vaccine protected fish against all isolates, irrespective of heterogeneous or homogeneous plasmid profiles. In addition, plasmid profiles were supported by antimicrobial sensitivity testing, indicating that the E. ictaluri vaccine strain does not carry natural or plasmid‐mediated multidrug resistance to the three antibiotics approved for use in U.S. food fish aquaculture. Challenge data from this study argue against the need for multivalent E. ictaluri vaccines to account for presumed antigenic or genetic variation among wild‐type E. ictaluri isolates as the vaccine was effective against all archived isolates.
Dietary diversity and food intake of urban preschool children in North‐Western Sri Lanka
Authors: Sirasa Fathima , Mitchell Lana , Harris Neil 
Published: April 2020

AbstractChildhood malnutrition, associated with poor diet, is a clear public health threat in Sri Lanka, with high rates of under‐nutrition and micronutrient deficiencies coupled with the growing risk of overweight/obesity in urban locations. This study explored the dietary diversity and food intake of urban living Sri Lankan preschool children. A cross‐sectional analysis of the baseline data from a cohort study was conducted with parents/caregivers of children aged 2–6 years, from 21 preschool centres in Kurunegala District, Sri Lanka. Demographic and socio‐economic factors, dietary diversity score (DDS) (n = 597) and food intake (n = 458) (using a food frequency questionnaire) were assessed. Children had a mean DDS of 4.56 ± 0·85 out of 9, with most (91.1%) in the medium DDS category (DDS of 3.1–6.0), consuming rice as most common food. Lentils were consumed more than any meat or alternative food groups at all DDS levels. Child DDS differs with parent/caregiver age and ethnicity. Mean daily intakes of fruit (1.02) and vegetables (0.84) servings align with approximately half of national recommendations, with less than 20% of children meeting daily recommendations. More than one‐third consumed sugary snacks and confectionaries daily and 1 in 10 had them twice a day. Around 40% reported watching television while eating the evening meal. Despite the majority having reasonable DDSs (medium category), findings highlighted inadequate intakes of fruits and vegetables, excessive intakes of sugary snacks and unhealthy dietary and social behaviours, suggests the need for population‐based interventions to promote healthier dietary habits.
Within Occupation Wage Dispersion and the Task Content of Jobs
Authors: van der Velde Lucas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMost analyses linking task content of jobs to income inequality focus on the effects between occupations, e.g. the growing dispersion between lousy and lovely jobs. The theory, meanwhile, provides insights on links between task content of jobs and inequality also within occupations: models predict compression of wages in more routine jobs, that is those where capital is a direct substitute for labour, and an increase in dispersion in jobs where capital and labour are complements. I document that within occupations dispersion of wages is empirically relevant, as it represents around half of total wage inequality across Europe. I then link wage inequality to the task content of jobs. Using matched employee–employer data from Europe for the period 2002–14, I show that occupations where tasks complement newer technologies exhibit higher wage dispersion. This relationship is robust to adjusting for a variety of confounding and mitigating channels.
Smile attractiveness in cases treated with self‐ligating and conventional appliances with and without rapid maxillary expansion
Authors: Negreiros Patricia O. , Freitas Karina M. S. , Pinzan‐Vercelino Célia R. M. , Janson Guilherme , Freitas Marcos R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the smile attractiveness after non‐extraction treatment with self‐ligating and rapid maxillary expansion (RME), to compare it to a control group treat with conventional fixed appliances and to evaluate the influence of buccal and posterior corridor areas in smile aesthetics.Settings and sample populationThe sample consisted of frontal posed smile photographs of patients treated with self‐ligating and conventional appliances with and without RME.Material and methodsG1—treated with Damon self‐ligating system (n = 20), G2—treated with RME and conventional fixed appliances (n = 22) and G3—treated only with conventional fixed appliances (n = 20). A website was created to provide an easy and quick evaluation of the smiles. The evaluators consisted of 70 orthodontists and 55 laypeople. Buccal and posterior corridors areas of each photograph were delimited in Photoshop CS3 and measured in AutoCAD in proportion to the total smile area. One‐ and two‐way ANOVA were used for intergroup comparisons, and correlations were investigated with Pearson's correlation coefficient.ResultsThere were no significant intergroup differences in smile attractiveness and in buccal and posterior corridor areas. There was no significant correlation between corridor areas and smile attractiveness.ConclusionsSmile attractiveness and areas of buccal and posterior corridors were similar in groups treated with self‐ligating and conventional appliances with and without rapid maxillary expansion.
Development of More Precise Measurement to Predict Pain 1 Month Postoperatively Based on Use of Acute Postoperative Pain Score in Patients With Distal Radial Fracture
Authors: Imai Ryota , Osumi Michihiro , Ishigaki Tomoya , Nishigami Tomohiko , Yonemoto Yuta , Morioka Shu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundA method for modeling the acute pain trajectory using the simple linear fit of an individual’s pain intensity scores after surgery was developed and affords more precise measurement than conventional pain assessment. However, the method has the disadvantage of using only the slope without considering the intercept. The purpose of this study was to verify our modification of the pain trajectory model including slope and intercept and to identify clusters.MethodsThe pain intensity was measured in 60 patients after surgery, and we calculated their pain trajectories. The pain trajectory normally resolves in intensity over a period of days, and the linear fit of an individual patient’s pain intensity score defines the trajectory. In this simple linear model (x axis, days; y axis, pain intensity), each patient’s trajectory has the slope and the intercept. A multiple regression analysis model known as structural equation modeling was used to predict postoperative pain at 30 days after surgery. Finally, we performed hierarchical cluster analysis using the pain trajectory.ResultsThe slope and intercept model was the best fit among the models. Based on cluster analysis results, we created 4 pain trajectory groups (slope and intercept).ConclusionOur results suggest that the pain trajectory using the slope and intercept is quite useful for predicting postoperative pain at 30 days after surgery. Additionally, patients were classified into 4 groups using the slope and intercept. By considering both the slope and intercept, clinicians may be able to detect the risk for prolonged pain earlier than other methods.
Maternal cerebellar gray matter volume is associated with daughters’ psychotic experience
Authors: Hashimoto Naoki , Michaels Timothy I. , Hancock Roeland , Kusumi Ichiro , Hoeft Fumiko 
Published: April 2020

AimA substantial portion of children and adolescents show subthreshold psychotic symptoms called psychotic experience (PE). Because PE shares its biological and environmental risk factors with psychotic spectrum disorders, parental neuroanatomical variation could reflect a heritable biological underpinning of PE that may predict an offspring's PE.MethodsA total of 94 participants from 35 families without a diagnosis of major neuropsychiatric disorders were examined, including 14 mother–daughter, 17 mother–son, 12 father–daughter, and 16 father–son dyads. An offspring's PE was assessed with the Atypicality subscale of the Behavior Assessment System for Children – 2nd Edition, Self‐Report of Personality form (BASCaty). We examined correlations between voxel‐by‐voxel parental gray matter volume and their offspring's BASCaty score.ResultsMaternal cerebellar gray matter volume using voxel‐based morphometry was positively correlated with their daughters’ BASCaty scores. The findings were significant in a more robust approach using cerebellum‐specific normalization known. We did not find significant correlation between paternal gray matter volume and BASCaty scores or between offspring gray matter volumes and their BASCaty scores.ConclusionExpanding upon parent‐of‐origin effects in psychosis, maternal neuroanatomical variation was associated with daughters’ PE. The nature of this sex‐specific intergenerational effect is unknown, but maternally transmitted genes may relate cerebellum development to PE pathogenesis.