bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of major protein-source foods and other food groups in meat-eaters and non-meat-eaters in the EPIC-Oxford cohort
Authors: Papier Keren , Tong Tammy , Appleby Paul , Bradbury Kathryn , Fensom Georgina , Knuppel Anika , Perez-Cornago Aurora , Schmidt Julie , Travis Ruth , Key Timothy 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionDifferences in health outcomes between meat-eaters and non-meat-eaters might relate to differences in dietary intakes between these diet groups. We assessed intakes of major protein-source foods and other food groups in six groups of meat-eaters and non-meat-eaters participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Oxford study.Materials and methodsData were from 30, 239 participants who answered four questions regarding their consumption of meat, fish, dairy or eggs and completed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in 2010. Participants were categorized as regular meat-eaters (> 50 grams of total/any meat per day: n = 12,997); low meat-eaters (< 50 grams of total/any meat per day: n = 4,650); poultry-eaters (poultry but no red meat: n = 591); fish-eaters (no meat but consumed fish: n = 4,528); vegetarians (no meat or fish: n = 6,672); and vegans (no animal products: n = 801). FFQ foods were categorised into 45 food groups. Analysis of variance was used to test for differences between age-adjusted mean intakes of each food group by diet group.ResultsWe found that regular meat-eaters, vegetarians and vegans, respectively, consumed about a third, quarter and a fifth of their total energy intake from high protein-source foods. Compared with regular meat-eaters, low and non-meat-eaters consumed higher amounts of high-protein meat alternatives (soy, legumes, pulses, nuts, seeds) and other plant-based foods (whole grains, vegetables, fruits) and lower amounts of refined grains, fried foods, alcohol, and sugar-sweetened beverages.DiscussionOverall, our results suggest that there were large differences in the amounts and types of protein-rich and other foods eaten by regular, low and non-meat-eaters. These findings provide insight into potential nutritional explanations for differences in health outcomes between diet groups.
Associations between B vitamin and amino acid intake, MTHFR genotype, atherogenic indices, and homocysteine levels in postmenopausal women
Authors: Muzsik Agata , Chmurzynska Agata 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIt has been hypothesized that insufficiency of one-carbon metabolism may aggravate lipid metabolism disturbances. Lipid metabolism abnormalities and metabolic syndrome (MetS)—which is associated with abnormally high levels of triglycerides (TG) and low levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL)—often occur in postmenopausal women. The purpose of this study was thus to determine the relationships between amino acid and B vitamin intake, MTHFR genotype, lipid profile, and atherogenic indices in postmenopausal women.131 postmenopausal women were enrolled for the study. The mean macronutrient, amino acid, and B vitamin intake was evaluated using dietary records. Lipid profile and concentrations of apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and B (ApoB) in serum were measured using the colorimetric method. The total homocysteine (tHcy) and glutathione (GSH) level in plasma were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. MTHFR genotype (rs1801133) was determined using a single tube TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay. We calculated atherogenic indices, such as Castelli's risk index I and II (CRI-I and CRI-II), the atherogenic coefficient (AC), and the TG/HDL ratio.No association was found between MetS and tHcy or GSH concentrations. MTHFR genotype and folate intake also did not affect tHcy, GSH, lipid profile, or atherogenic indices. Subjects with tHcy levels over the median had lower total protein intake, lower animal protein/plant protein ratio, lower protein/carbohydrates ratio, and higher amino acid intake (methionine, lysine, arginine, glycine, and tryptophan) than did subjects with lower tHcy levels. Women who failed to meet their vitamin B12 intake needs had almost 40% higher levels of tHcy than women who did met those needs.MTHFR genotype, folate intake, and tHcy levels in plasma are not associated with lipid metabolism in postmenopausal women. tHcy levels may depend on the intake of vitamin B12, and of protein or particular amino acids.The project was financed by the National Science Centre, Poland (grant number 2015/17/N/NZ9/04133).
Postprandial glycaemic responses in women co-ingesting green leafy vegetables with a carbohydrate meal: interactions with the sirtuin system
Authors: Sayegh Marietta , Andrew Farquharson , Ranawana Viren , Drew Janice 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe addition of vegetable to carbohydrate-based meals has been shown to improve postprandial glucose homeostasis. Inter-individual variation in responses preclude conclusive evidence, particularly in women. The sirtuins and associated genes involved in producing the chemical, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), are emerging as key players in blood glucose control and may contribute to variable responses. This study aimed to investigate effects of co-ingesting green leafy vegetables (GLV) on postprandial glucose regulation following a carbohydrate meal and factors affecting inter-individual variation particularly around the sirtuin system.Twenty-five women (BMI 24.8–30.5 kg/m2) were recruited to ‘The impact of Vegetables’ (VegGI) study on acute glycaemia and Glycaemia induced CVD risk in women: metabolic effects and Inter-individual variations. Postprandial glycaemic responses (GR) following rice (75 g of available carbohydrate), rice with bok choy (150g) or spinach (150g) were measured every 5 minutes for 4 hours using a Continuous Glucose Monitoring system (Medtronic Ltd). Anthropometric, cholesterol (Cholestech LDX, Alere), HbA1c (Afinion AS100, Alere) and insulin (Mercodia AB) measures were made in a fasted state. Oestradiol, progesterone, follicular stimulating hormone and testosterone were measured (ADVIA Centaur). Total RNA was extracted from postprandial blood collected at 0 h, 30 min, 1 h and 2 h in PAXgene blood RNA tubes (PreAnalytiX GmbH) using a Blood RNA Kit (Qiagen, Crawley, UK) and quality assessed by Agilent Bioanalyser (Agilent Technologies, Bracknell, UK). Gene expression was measured using the GenomeLab System and a custom designed multiplex assay, the hSIRTNADPlex (25 targets involved in the sirtuin signalling).Linear mixed models (ver.24.0; SPSS Inc) revealed no effect of GLV consumption on postprandial GR. Principal component analysis (SIMCA-P + 12.0 software, MKS Instruments UK Ltd.) of postprandial GR indicated inter-individual variation in the responses associated with the test meals. Partial Least Square (PLS) stratified the cohort into two subgroups based on sirtuin system gene expression profiles. Postprandial GR was a contributing factor in the stratification observed, together with BMI, plasma lipid, insulin and glucose levels, but not menopausal status.Preliminary evidence indicates that co-ingesting GLV with a carbohydrate meal does not reduce postprandial GR in women (BMI 24.8–30.5 kg/m2) and that significant inter-individual variation in postprandial GR may be linked to the sirtuin system, BMI, plasma lipid, insulin, and glucose levels but not menopausal status. Recruitment and data analysis are ongoing to increase group size and further assess contributing factors.This work was supported by Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division
Salivary Biomarkers of Nutritional Status: a Systematic Review
Authors: Logan Danielle , Wallace Sara Megan , Woodside Jayne , McKenna Gerald 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroduction:Full nutritional assessments are currently complex and invasive. There is a need for a non-invasive, timely and cost-effective method to assess nutritional status. Evidence indicates the usefulness of saliva in diagnosing oral or systemic disorders. Saliva is suggested to be a reliable and non-invasive matrix in which to measure nutritional biomarkers. The aim of this work was to systematically review the evidence for salivary biomarkers as indicators of nutritional status.Materials and Methods:Studies identifying salivary biomarkers in relation to nutritional status or dietary intake outcomes were included. A search strategy combined terms “saliva” AND “biomarkers” AND “nutrition”. Four databases were searched, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and Scopus. All study designs conducted in humans of all ages, from all countries and settings were included. Non-English and animal studies were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Cochrane Risk of Bias tool where applicable. (PROSPERO Registration Number:CRD42018107667)Results:6585 papers were identified, 4836 papers remained after removing duplicates, 4715 were irrelevant, 134 full-texts were assessed for eligibility and 64 papers included in the final analysis. A number of potential salivary biomarkers related to nutritional status were identified including: total protein, albumin, prealbumin, transferrin, ferritin and iron. Total protein levels in saliva in malnourished individuals were significantly different to controls in 7/10 studies (70%). In one study conducted in individuals with iron deficiency anaemia (IDA), total protein was significantly different to controls. Albumin levels in malnourished individuals were significantly different to controls in 5/8 studies (62.5%). Prealbumin and transferrin levels in malnourished individuals were significantly different to controls in 3/3 studies (100%). In one study conducted in malnourished individuals, salivary ferritin levels was significantly different to controls. Ferritin levels in individuals with IDA were significantly different to controls in 3/3 studies (100%). Iron levels in individuals with IDA were significantly different in 2/2 studies (100%). However, even within the studies above where significant differences existed, the direction of salivary biomarker differences was sometimes inconsistent. For example, total protein in malnourished individuals was significantly lower than controls in three studies, higher in three studies and one showed mixed findings. In addition, overall the quality of evidence available was very poor.Discussion:Despite conflicting evidence in salivary nutritional biomarkers in individuals with malnutrition or IDA, saliva may be a useful non-invasive matrix to assess nutritional status. Further high quality research exploring the utility of these biomarkers is required.
Validation of low-calorie sweetener(LCS)-focused food frequency questionnaire for assessment of intakes in a free-living adult population: preliminary results
Authors: Dunne A. , Mulhern M. , Gallagher A. M. , Logue C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBoth obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus have been associated with excessive free sugar consumption. Increasingly, LCS are used to replace free sugar to reduce the energy density of the diet, whilst maintaining diet palatability. However, while experimental data suggest a beneficial effect of LCS on weight management and glycaemic control, data from free-living populations are contradictory and primarily use reported intakes of low-calorie sweetened beverages as a marker of overall LCS consumption. Therefore, a dietary assessment tool that reliably assesses overall LCS consumption and is applicable in large-scale epidemiological studies is desirable. This study aimed to validate an LCS-focused food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for assessing habitual dietary intake of the LCS using the method of triads. Healthy adults were recruited at Ulster University, Coleraine (n = 120). A 65-item FFQ and a 4-day food diary (FD) were used to assess dietary intake of LCS with amounts based on maximum permitted levels for foods and beverages as per EU legislation. A novel urinary biomarker approach, developed by this research group, was used to objectively assess consumption of 5 commonly used LCS(1). The method of triads was used to validate the FFQ by evaluating the correlations between the FFQ, FD and the urinary biomarkers (reference method). A total of 110 participants (51 males, 59 females) completed all analyses. Median (IQR) total LCS consumption estimated from the FFQ, FD and urinary biomarker was 116.8 (24.9–303.3) mg/d, 27.8 (0.0–247.3) mg/d and 5.0 (0.6–34.9) mg/d respectively. Moderate correlations were observed between the FD and urinary biomarker (r = 0.471; P < 0.001) and between the FFQ and FD (r = 0.471; P < 0.001). There was a low correlation between the FFQ and urinary biomarker (r = 0.291; P < 0.001). Using the method of triads, the overall validity co-efficient for the FFQ was moderate (0.54). These preliminary results indicate potential for this LCS-focused FFQ as a method of assessing LCS consumption in free-living populations. However, as maximum permitted levels of LCS in foods and beverages were used to estimate LCS consumption from the FFQ and FD, they are likely to significantly overestimate actual LCS intakes as compared to the more reliable biomarker approach. Therefore, the FFQ ability to categorise individuals into low-, medium- and high LCS consumers will be tested. Further analysis is ongoing to assess the completeness of urine collections using PABA analysis and will also focus on individual LCS intake.
Food Based Dietary Guidance - Weighing up the recommendations
Authors: Dolan Michael , Abouhajar Sali , O'Kelly Damian , O'Sullivan Elizabeth , Kennedy Aileen , Douglas Frances 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFood Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG) are dietary recommendations described in terms of amounts of foods that should be consumed. They are designed to support healthy eating through simple messaging and indicate how to achieve a nutritionally adequate diet. However, assessing compliance with FBDG targets can be difficult. The quantity of food either being consumed or prescribed and the amount of that food that constitutes a serving are needed to calculate the contribution of the food towards a food group target. The aim of this study was to define the serving weight of foods, guided by definitions from Irish FBDG, to the McCance and Widdowson Composition of Foods Integrated Dataset 2015 (CoFID). This will enable the automatic assessment of compliance to FBDG using Nutritics nutrition analysis software. Foods from CoFID were categorised into six food groups as defined by Ireland's FBDG. Quantified servings from the Irish FBDG were matched to foods. Calculation criteria were developed to establish a serving size for remaining foods within each food group. For fats and oils, as well as raw fruits and vegetables, household measurements were converted to grams, using Food Portion Sizes from the Food Standards Agency. Quantities for cooked fruits and vegetables were calculated using weight-change factors published by Bognar. For the breads, cereals and potatoes group a serving size was calculated using the midpoint for the calorie bands in this group, as defined by the Food Safety Authority of Ireland. For the dairy group, a serving size was determined by calculating the quantity needed to provide 250 mg of calcium. This was in line with achieving the total daily recommended amount of calcium from the dairy group from 3 servings. For meat, fish and alternatives (MFA), serving sizes were developed using the recommended amount of protein per body weight reference value for males and females. For foods high in fat, sugar and salt, serving sizes were defined using 100kcal as the recommended amount of energy provided for snacks. Out of 3,291 foods, 1,980 were grouped into 6 food groups. Quantified servings were available for 694 foods in 3 food groups. Calculated serving sizes were developed for the remaining 1,276 foods. The quantity of each food that constitutes a serving will be integrated into Nutritics to automatically assess compliance to FBDG. This will enable Health Care and Food Industry Professionals to deliver informed advice on meeting population health targets.
Adiposity and dyslipidaemia are associated with epigenetic age acceleration
Authors: Arpón Ana , Riezu-Boj José-Ignacio , Milagro Fermín I. , Santos José L. , Alfredo Martínez J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAdipose tissue is an endocrine organ involved in a variety of regulatory functions beyond simple fat storage. Excessive fat accumulation in the visceral tissue has been related to obesity associated comorbidities and manifestations such as hypertension, hyperglycaemia, hypercholesterolemia, and inflammatory processes. In the later stages of life, there is a shift of fat distribution from subcutaneous to visceral depots, which is associated to the development of several age-related diseases. Epigenetics has been described as a potential contributor in aging processes, being also associated with diseases and fat deposition that progress with age. The aim of this research was to investigate the relationships between aging, epigenetic processes and visceral adipose tissue.The study population included 269 adult subjects recruited in the University of Navarra, Spain. Methylation data was assessed by Infinium MethylationEPIC beadchip from Illumina. Epigenetic age acceleration was calculated using the method GrimAge (AgeAccGrim), available in the website DNA methylation Age Calculator (https://dnamage.genetics.ucla.edu/home). Anthropometric, biochemical and blood pressure measurements were assessed following standardized methods. Body composition measurements by DXA were also carried out.Statistically significant correlations were found between age acceleration and waist circumference, some DXA-measured variables (lean mass, trunk fat mass, android fat mass, visceral adipose tissue mass), glucose, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides levels and C-reactive protein. Linear regression models showed that visceral adipose tissue mass and HDL-cholesterol were conjointly influencing the epigenetic age acceleration. In addition, a mediation by HDL-cholesterol in the relationship between AgeAccGrim and visceral adipose tissue mass was found.Collectively, these findings demonstrated that visceral adiposity and dyslipidaemia are associated with accelerated aging effects, contributing to understand the development of age-related diseases.
PNNS-GS2: Development and validation of a dietary quality score reflecting the French nutritional recommendations of 2017
Authors: Chaltiel Dan , Adjibade Moufidath , Deschamps Valérie , Touvier Mathilde , Hercberg Serge , Julia Chantal , Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe food-based dietary guidelines having been revised in March 2017, it appeared necessary to update the National Nutrition Health Program - Guidelines Score (PNNS-GS), the diet quality score developed according to the 2001 recommendations. This study was therefore aimed at developing and validating the PNNS-GS2, the diet quality score based on the new recommendations.Material and methodsOur sample included 80,965 French adults enrolled in the prospective NutriNet-Santé cohort. Collected data included 24-hour dietary records over two years, socio-demographic data, and (in a sub-sample of 16,938 individuals) clinical and biological indicators. The cut-offs and weights of the components of the PNNS-GS2 were developed collegially by nutrition experts who were involved in the update of the recommendations. The score has 13 components for a theoretical value ranging from -∞ to 13.5 points. Nutritional, socio-demographic, clinical, and biological data were described according to the PNNS-GS2 quintile. The face, content, construct and criterion validities were also evaluated.ResultsIn our sample, mean PNNS-GS2 was 2.1 (SD = 3.1) in women and -0.3 (SD = 3.6) in men. A high PNNS-GS2 (and therefore a better adherence to the new recommendations) was positively associated with (mean difference Q5-Q1) a high age (Δwomen = + 8.4 / Δmen = + 4.7 years), higher educational level (Δwomen = + 3.9 / Δmen = + 7.4% with a university level), more physical activity (Δwomen = + 13.3 / Δmen = + 3.5% with ≥ 60 min/day) and a larger proportion of non-smokers (Δwomen = + 9.7 / Δmen = + 13.7%). A high PNNS-GS2 was also positively associated with a higher fiber intake (Δwomen = + 8.7 / Δmen = + 10.7 g/d) or vitamin C (Δwomen = + 36.6 / Δmen = + 43.8 mg/d), and negatively with mean arterial pressure (Δwomen = -3.0 / Δmen = -2.8 mmHg) and plasma LDL-cholesterol concentrations (Δwomen = -0.07 / Δmen = -0.06 g/L) and triglycerides (Δwomen = -0.1 / Δmen = -0.16 g/L). All tests were significant (p < 0.05).DiscussionAssociations observed between the PNNS-GS2 and socio-demographic, nutritional and clinico-biological factors are consistent and corroborate its validity. Further studies will be needed to estimate its association with mortality and morbidity.
Relationship between the nutritional status and food consumption inside the school in adolescents of Mexico City
Authors: Gutiérrez Rey , Radilla Claudia , Vega Salvador , Schettino Beatriz , Ruíz Jorge , Radilla María 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThere is a concern that the bad habits and lifestyles of adolescents such as the consumption of foods rich in sugars and fats in free moments, like school recess acts as a factor that intervenes in the increase of weight. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the nutritional status and the food consumption inside the school in adolescents of Mexico City. A sample of 1457 first-grade adolescents from high schools was obtained. A food consumption frequency questionnaire was applied inside the school. Likewise, anthropometric measures were taken and through the use of Who Anthro Plus program, the nutritional status diagnosis was obtained. The obtained data was analyzed with the statistical package IBM SPSS Statistics® version 20.0 for Windows. It was found that adolescents who frequently consume sweets, snacks, flavored waters, bottled juices, confectionery products and ice cream have a higher prevalence of obesity (15.2%, 17.4%, 21.4%, 17.7%, 16.2% and 19.9%, respectively), compared to adolescents who never consume these products (11.6%, 12.6%, 11.9%, 10.5%, 14.6%, and 12.1%, respectively). Likewise, it was found that adolescents who frequently consume fruit, water, yogurt, vegetables and milk have a lower prevalence of obesity (10.2%, 12.2%, 10.3%, 10.1% and 9.35, respectively) in comparison with adolescents who never consume these foods during school hours (19.1%, 18.6%, 17.8%, 15.9% and 16.3%, respectively), finding a highly significant difference (p < 0.01) in the consumption of flavored water, fruit, natural water and yogurt. It was found that the food consumed during school hours has an impact on the nutritional status of adolescents, similar to the results found in the literature, so it is suggested to promote healthy habits and lifestyles at school and at home so that adolescents opt for healthy snack choices.