bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipidomics of human adipose tissue reveals diversity between body areas
Authors: Al-Sari Naba , Suvitaival Tommi , Mattila Ismo , Ali Ashfaq , Ahonen Linda , Trost Kajetan , Henriksen Trine Foged , Pociot Flemming , Dragsted Lars Ove , Legido-Quigley Cristina 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTBackground and aimsAdipose tissue plays a pivotal role in storing excess fat and its composition reflects the history of person’s lifestyle and metabolic health. Broad profiling of lipids with mass spectrometry has potential for uncovering new knowledge on the pathology of obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes and other related conditions. Here, we developed a lipidomic method for analyzing human subcutaneous adipose biopsies. We applied the method to four body areas to understand the differences in lipid composition between these areas.Materials and methodsAdipose tissue biopsies from 10 participants were analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The method development included the optimization of the lipid extraction, the sample amount and the sample dilution factor to detect lipids in an appropriate concentration range. Lipidomic analyses were performed for adipose tissue collected from the abdomen, breast, thigh and lower back. Differences in lipid levels between tissues were visualized with heatmaps.ResultsLipidomic analysis on human adipose biopsies lead to the identification of 187 lipids in 2 mg of sample. Technical variation of the lipid-class specific internal standards were below 5 %, thus indicating acceptable repeatability. Triacylglycerols were highly represented in the adipose tissue samples, and lipids from 13 lipid classes were identified. Long polyunsaturated triacylglycerols in higher levels in thigh (q<0.05), when compared with the abdomen, breast and lower back, indicating that the lipidome was area-specific.ConclusionThe method presented here is suitable for the analysis of lipid profiles in 2 mg of adipose tissue. The amount of fat across the body is important for health but we argue that also the distribution and the particular profile of the lipidome may be relevant for metabolic outcomes. We suggest that the method presented in this paper could be useful for detecting such aberrations.
Human POT1 Prevents Severe Telomere Instability Induced by Homology Directed DNA Repair
Authors: Glousker Galina , Briod Anna-Sophia , Quadroni Manfredo , Lingner Joachim 
Published: January 2020

SUMMARYThe evolutionarily conserved POT1 protein binds single stranded G-rich telomeric DNA and has been implicated in contributing to telomeric DNA maintenance and the suppression of DNA damage checkpoint signaling. Here, we explore human POT1 function through genetics and proteomics discovering that the complete absence of POT1 leads to severe telomere maintenance defects that had not been anticipated from previous depletion studies. Conditional deletion ofPOT1in HEK293E cells gives rise to rapid telomere elongation and length heterogeneity, branched telomeric DNA structures, telomeric R-loops and telomere fragility. We determine the telomeric proteome upon POT1-loss implementing an improved telomeric chromatin isolation protocol. We identify a large set of proteins involved in nucleic acid metabolism that engage with telomeres upon POT1-loss. Inactivation of the homology directed repair machinery suppresses POT1-loss mediated telomeric DNA defects. Our results unravel as major function of human POT1 the suppression of telomere instability induced by homology directed repair.
vLUME: 3D Virtual Reality for Single-molecule Localization Microscopy
Authors: Spark Alexander , Kitching Alexandre , Esteban-Ferrer Daniel , Handa Anoushka , Carr Alexander R. , Needham Lisa-Maria , Ponjavic Aleks , Santos Mafalda Da Cunha , McColl James , Leterrier Christophe , Davis Simon J. , Henriques Ricardo , Lee Steven F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSuper-Resolution (SR) Microscopy based on 3D Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy (SMLM) is now well established1,2and its wide-spread adoption has led to the development of more than 36 software packages, dedicated to quantitative evaluation of the spatial and temporal detection of fluorophore photoswitching3. While the initial emphasis in the 3D SMLM field has clearly been on improving resolution and data quality, there is now a marked absence of 3D visualization approaches that enable the straightforward, high-fidelity exploration of this type of data. Inspired by the horological phosphorescence points that illuminate watch-faces in the dark, we presentvLUME (Visualization of the Universe in a Micro Environment, pronounced ‘volume’) a free-for-academic-use immersive virtual reality-based (VR) visualization software package purposefully designed to render large 3D-SMLM data sets.vLUME enables robust visualization, segmentation and quantification of millions of fluorescence puncta from any 3D SMLM technique.vLUME has an intuitive user-interface and is compatible with all commercial VR hardware (Oculus Rift/Quest and HTC Vive, Supplementary Video 1).vLUME accelerates the analysis of highly complex 3D point-cloud data and the rapid identification of defects that are otherwise neglected in global quality metrics.
Creating supported plasma membrane bilayers using acoustic pressure
Authors: Sezgin Erdinc , Carugo Dario , Levental Ilya , Stride Eleanor , Eggeling Christian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractModel membrane systems are essential tools for biology, enabling study of biological processes in a simplified setting to reveal the underlying physicochemical principles. As cell-derived membrane systems, giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs) constitute an intermediate model between native cellular plasma and artificial membranes. Certain applications, however, require planar membrane surfaces. Here, we report a novel approach for creating supported plasma membrane bilayers (SPMBs) by bursting cell-derived GPMVs using an ultrasonic pressure field generated within an acoustofluidic device. We show that the mobility of outer leaflet molecules is preserved in SPMBs, suggesting that they are accessible on the surface of the bilayers. Such model membrane systems will be useful for many applications requiring detailed characterization of plasma membrane dynamics.
NREM consolidation and increased spindle counts improve age-related memory impairments and hippocampal representations
Authors: Yuan Robin K. , Lopez Matthew R. , Ramos-Alavarez Manuel-Miguel , Normandin Marc E. , Thomas Arthur S. , Uygun David S. , Cerda Vanessa R. , Grenier Amandine E. , Wood Matthew T. , Gagliardi Celia M. , Guajardo Herminio , Muzzio Isabel A. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryAge-related changes in sleep patterns have been linked to cognitive decline. Specifically, increasing age is associated with increasing fragmentation of sleep and wake cycles. However, it remains unknown if improvements in sleep architecture can ameliorate cellular and cognitive deficits. We evaluated how changes in sleep architecture following sleep restriction affected hippocampal representations and memory in young and old mice. After training in a hippocampus- dependent object/place recognition task, control animals were allowed to sleepad libitum, while experimental animals underwent 5 hours of sleep restriction (SR). Interestingly, old SR mice exhibited successful object/place learning comparable to young control mice, whereas young SR and old control mice did not. Successful learning correlated with the presence of two hippocampal cell types: 1) “Context” cells, which remained stable throughout training and testing, and 2) “Object” cells, which shifted their preferred firing location when objects were introduced to the context and moved during testing. As expected, EEG analysis revealed more fragmented sleep and fewer spindles in old controls than young controls during the post-training sleep period. However, following the acute SR session, old animals exhibited increased consolidation of NREM and increased spindle count, while young mice only displayed changes in REM bout length. These results indicate that consolidation of NREM sleep and increases in spindle count serve to ameliorate age-related memory deficits and allow hippocampal representations to adapt to changing environments.eTORC BlurbAge-related cognitive decline is associated with poor sleep quality. This study shows that acute sleep restriction serves to improve memory, hippocampal representations, and sleep quality in old mice, having the opposite effect in young animals. These findings indicate that improving sleep quality may mitigate age-related cognitive decline.HighlightsAcute sleep restriction improves memory in old mice, but adversely affects young onesAcute sleep restriction makes hippocampal representations more flexible in old miceAcute sleep restriction improves sleep quality and increases spindle count in old miceAcute sleep restriction decreases hippocampal flexibility in young mice
Bidirectional transfer of Engrailed homeoprotein across the plasma membrane requires PIP2
Authors: Amblard Irène , Dupont Edmond , Alves Isabel , Miralvès Julie , Queguiner Isabelle , Joliot Alain 
Published: January 2020

1.AbstractHomeoproteins are a class of transcription factors sharing the unexpected property of intercellular trafficking. It confers to homeoproteins a paracrine mode of action, shown to exert a wide range of physiological functions, during development and in the adult. Internalization and secretion, the two steps of intercellular transfer, rely on unconventional mechanisms but the cellular mechanisms at stake still need to be fully characterized. Thanks to the design of new quantitative and sensitive assays dedicated to the study of homeoprotein transfer in cell culture, we demonstrate a core role of the phosphoinositides PIP2together with cholesterol in the translocation of Engrailed2 (EN2) homeoprotein across the plasma membrane. Both secretion and internalization are regulated according to PIP2levels, challenged by drug or enzymatic treatments. In addition, EN2 specifically interacts with PIP2and the reduced affinity of a paracrine deficient mutant of EN2 supports a role of PIP2in homeoprotein physiological function. We propose that the two ways plasma membrane translocation steps accounting for homeoprotein secretion and internalization respectively are parts of a common process.Summary StatementDeciphering the mechanism of homeoprotein intercellular trafficking
A cubic B-spline quasi-interpolation method for solving two-dimensional unsteady advection diffusion equations
Authors: Mittal Ramesh Chand , Kumar Sudhir , Jiwari Ram 
Published: January 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to extend the cubic B-spline quasi-interpolation (CBSQI) method via Kronecker product for solving 2D unsteady advection-diffusion equation. The CBSQI method has been used for solving 1D problems in literature so far. This study seeks to use the idea of a Kronecker product to extend the method for 2D problems.Design/methodology/approachIn this work, a CBSQI is used to approximate the spatial partial derivatives of the dependent variable. The idea of the Kronecker product is used to extend the method for 2D problems. This produces the system of ordinary differential equations (ODE) with initial conditions. The obtained system of ODE is solved by strong stability preserving the Runge–Kutta method (SSP-RK-43).FindingsIt is found that solutions obtained by the proposed method are in good agreement with the analytical solution. Further, the results are also compared with available numerical results in the literature, and a reasonable degree of compliance is observed.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, the CBSQI method is used for the first time for solving 2D problems and can be extended for higher-dimensional problems.
The role of facilities management in green retrofit of existing buildings in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Mawed Mahmoud , Tilani Vinay , Hamani Karima 
Published: January 2020

PurposeGreen retrofitting is acknowledged as an essential strategy toward achieving long-term sustainability in the built environment. To implement this strategy successfully, the role of facility managers cannot be ignored. The purpose of this paper is to investigate present practices that are used in managing the existing facilities, to highlight the elements that govern the process of green retrofitting, and discuss the efforts and contribution of facility managers in enhancing the environmental performance of the existing facilities stock in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).Design/methodology/approachThis study suggests that an adequate level of awareness of the benefits of green retrofit amongst owners and decision-makers is mostly dependent on facilities management (FM) professionals, who must establish effective communication channel with senior management. FM professionals in the UAE are well equipped and competent in greening existing buildings and can simultaneously lead a building to the path of achieving green building certification.FindingsTo examine the role of FM in a green retrofit and its current status in the UAE built environment, a two-step qualitative method was adopted. The study started by conducting semi-structured interviews with FM professionals and then assessing the insights obtained from the interviews against an actual case study of a LEED Existing Building certified facility.Research limitations/implicationsInterviews were limited to FM professionals in the private sector and the results from one case study should be considered cautiously.Originality/valueThis paper emphasizes the primordial role of FM professionals in promoting green retrofit in the UAE.
Emerging sustainable facilities management practices in health-care sector
Authors: Nazeer Sabrina Fathima , Ramachandra Thanuja , Gunatilake Sachie , Senaratne Sepani 
Published: January 2020

PurposeHealth-care (HC) is one of the most polluting industries and recognised as the second energy-intensive sector, emitting 8 per cent out of total 40 per cent of total carbon emissions. Integrating sustainability to facilities management operations is imperative and could significantly contribute to reducing energy consumption, waste and day-to-day operational costs of buildings. The integration of sustainability into FM practices depends on factors such as facility type, organisational scale, business sector and organisation characteristics. This paper aims to explore the SFM practice with a specific focus on HC-specific FM services and respective sustainable practice that could be integrated into FM operations.Design/methodology/approachA Delphi survey was administered to ten experts in two rounds, who are specialised in FM and sustainable practices in the HC sector. Data gathered from the survey were analysed using the Relative Importance Index to identify the most significant FM services and sustainable practices.FindingsThe study found 9 significant FM services and 49 sustainable in HC. The top three significant FM services include “building services (BS)”, “space planning (SP)” and “quality management (QM)”. Further, “identifying applications for energy-saving measures” and “ensure onsite, off-site storage and transport of wastes” were found as the topmost significant sustainable practices. The relevancy of these identified sustainable practices to the principles of sustainability was determined. The results showed that 22, 18 and 09 sustainable practices were relevant to environmental, social and economic principles of sustainability, respectively.Originality/valueThere is a dearth of literature that integrates sustainable FM practices in HC sector, and this study fulfills this research gap. The study is novel in offering a framework to integrate sustainability into FM practice in HC sector.
An empirical study of green supplier collaboration in the Chinese manufacturing sector: the double-edged sword effect ofguanxi
Authors: Geng Ruoqi , Mansouri Afshin , Aktas Emel , Yen Dorothy A. 
Published: January 2020

PurposeDrawing on institutional complexity, this study aims to explore the interaction effect of formal and informal institutional forces on the adoption of green supplier collaboration (GSC) practices by Chinese manufacturing firms.Design/methodology/approachThe paper hypothesises that the effect of the formal institutional forces on GSC in China is influenced by an informal institutional variable,guanxi, which is the interpersonal relationship between employees of the supplier and the manufacturer. To test the conceptual framework, hierarchical moderated regression analyses are conducted using multi-respondent data from 408 randomly sampled manufacturing companies in China.FindingsGuanxihas a double-edged sword effect on the adoption of GSC practices. Specifically,guanxireduces the negative impact of the perceived costs and the complexity of regulations on the adoption of GSC practices, but it also weakens the positive effect of suppliers’ advice and community pressures on the adoption of GSC practices.Research limitations/implicationsResults contribute to supply chain management literature by offering novel theoretical and empirical insights on the Chinese institutional environment governed by both formal and informal institutional variables.Practical implicationsConsideringguanxi’s double-edged sword effect on the adoption of GSC, manufacturing companies are advised to carefully leverage theirguanxito maintain an institutional and contingent view of the environmental consequences in China.Originality/valueThis study empirically examines the effect of formal and informal institutional environments on the adoption of GSC practices in emerging economies.
Implementation of policy regarding restrictive practices in England
Authors: Deveau Roy , Leitch Sarah 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
Concerns about the overuse, misuse and potential abuse of restrictive interventions used to manage people who may exhibit behaviour described as challenging led to revised guidance in England. The purpose of this paper is to examine the implementation of this guidance in organisations providing services for people with learning disabilities.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey collected data from professionals, on leadership, data use, staff issues and post-incident review.

Findings
Most senior leaders were seen as acting on the guidance. Data collected were regarded as generally accurate, but less than half of the managers were seen as likely to respond to consistently high or increasing use of restrictive practices. Frontline staff and managers were seen as very significant for reducing restrictive practices. Uncertainty was shown regarding the goals and activities needed to provide post-incident review.

Research limitations/implications
This exploratory survey may be useful for organisations wanting to audit their implementation of government policy and/or for research on a wider scale to indicate how well societies are implementing policy to reduce restrictive practices. Further research on the survey’s validity and reliability is required.

Practical implications
Further action is needed to encourage all organisations to implement best practice and government policy. This survey showed that some organisations appear to be committed to and potentially achieving reductions in restrictive practices.

Originality/value
This paper describes the first survey designed to evaluate organisational efforts to implement an important policy initiative.
Cellular senescence contributes to age‐dependent changes in circulating extracellular vesicle cargo and function
Authors: Alibhai Faisal J. , Lim Fievel , Yeganeh Azadeh , DiStefano Peter V. , Binesh‐Marvasti Tina , Belfiore Alyssa , Wlodarek Lukasz , Gustafson Dakota , Millar Sean , Li Shu‐Hong , Weisel Richard D. , Fish Jason E. , Li Ren‐Ke 
Published: January 2020

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as important regulators of inter‐cellular and inter‐organ communication, in part via the transfer of their cargo to recipient cells. Although circulating EVs have been previously studied as biomarkers of aging, how circulating EVs change with age and the underlying mechanisms that contribute to these changes are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that aging has a profound effect on the circulating EV pool, as evidenced by changes in concentration, size, and cargo. Aging also alters particle function; treatment of cells with EV fractions isolated from old plasma reduces macrophage responses to lipopolysaccharide, increases phagocytosis, and reduces endothelial cell responses to vascular endothelial growth factor compared to cells treated with young EV fractions. Depletion studies indicate that CD63+ particles mediate these effects. Treatment of macrophages with EV‐like particles revealed that old particles increased the expression of EV miRNAs in recipient cells. Transfection of cells with microRNA mimics recapitulated some of the effects seen with old EV‐like particles. Investigation into the underlying mechanisms using bone marrow transplant studies revealed circulating cell age does not substantially affect the expression of aging‐associated circulating EV miRNAs in old mice. Instead, we show that cellular senescence contributes to changes in particle cargo and function. Notably, senolytic treatment of old mice shifted plasma particle cargo and function toward that of a younger phenotype. Collectively, these results demonstrate that senescent cells contribute to changes in plasma EVs with age and suggest a new mechanism by which senescent cells can affect cellular functions throughout the body.
Fatty acid amide hydrolase is lower in young cannabis users
Authors: Jacobson Maya R. , Watts Jeremy J. , Da Silva Tania , Tyndale Rachel F. , Rusjan Pablo M. , Houle Sylvain , Wilson Alan A. , Ross Ruth A. , Boileau Isabelle , Mizrahi Romina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe have recently shown that levels of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), the enzyme that metabolizes the endocannabinoid anandamide, are lower in the brains of adult cannabis users (CUs) (34 ± 11 years of age), tested during early abstinence. Here, we examine replication of the lower FAAH levels in a separate, younger cohort (23 ± 5 years of age). Eighteen healthy volunteers (HVs) and fourteen CUs underwent a positron emission tomography scan using the FAAH radioligand [11C]CURB. Regional [11C]CURB binding was calculated using an irreversible two‐tissue compartment model with a metabolite‐corrected arterial plasma input function. The FAAH C385A genetic polymorphism (rs324420) was included as a covariate. All CUs underwent a urine screen to confirm recent cannabis use and had serum cannabinoids measured. One CU screened negative for cannabinoids via serum and was removed from analysis. All HVs reported less than five lifetime cannabis exposures more than a month prior to study initiation. There was a significant effect of group (F1,26 = 4.31; P = .048) when two A/A (rs324420) HVs were removed from analysis to match the genotype of the CU group (n = 16 HVs, n = 13 CUs). Overall, [11C]CURB λk3 was 12% lower in CU compared with HV. Exploratory correlations showed that lower brain [11C]CURB binding was related to greater use of cannabis throughout the past year. We confirmed our previous report and extended these findings by detecting lower [11C]CURB binding in a younger cohort with less cumulative cannabis exposure.