bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drivers in AF colocate to sites of electrogram organization and rapidity: Potential synergy between spectral analysis and STAR mapping approaches in prioritizing drivers for ablation
Authors: Honarbakhsh Shohreh , Schilling Richard J. , Keating Emily , Finlay Malcolm , Hunter Ross J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionStochastic trajectory analysis of ranked signals (STAR) mapping has recently been used to ablate persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) with high rates of AF termination and long‐term freedom from AF in small, single‐arm studies. We hypothesized that rapidity and organization markers would correlate with early sites of activation (ESA).MethodsPatients undergoing persistent AF ablation as part of the STAR mapping study were included. Five‐minute unipolar basket recordings used to create STAR maps were used to determine the minimum‐cycle length (Min‐CL) and CL variability (CLV) at each electrode to identify the site of the fastest Min‐CL and lowest CLV across the left atrium (LA). The location of ESA targeted with ablation was compared with these sites. Dominant frequency was assessed at ESA and compared with that of neighboring electrodes to assess for regional gradients.ResultsThirty‐two patients were included with 83 ESA ablated, with an ablation response at 73 sites (24 AF termination and 49 CL slowing ≥30 ms). Out of these, 54 (74.0%) and 56 (76.7%) colocated to sites of fastest Min‐CL and lowest CLV, respectively. Regional CL and frequency gradients were demonstrable at majority of ESA. ESA colocating to sites of fastest Min‐CL and lowest CLV were more likely to terminate AF with ablation (odds ratio, 34 and 29, respectively, P = .02). These showed a moderate sensitivity (74.0% Min‐CL and 75.3% CLV) and specificity (66.7% Min‐CL and 76.9% CLV) in predicting ESA with an ablation response.ConclusionsESA correlate with rapidity and organization markers. Further work is needed to clarify any role for spectral analysis in prioritizing driver ablation.
Systems pharmacology reveals the mechanism of activity of Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii against lipopolysaccharide‐induced acute lung injury
Authors: Yang Yanni , Ding Zihe , Wang Yi , Zhong Renxing , Feng Yanlin , Xia Tianyi , Xie Yuanyuan , Yang Bingyou , Sun Xiaobo , Shu Zunpeng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAcute lung injury (ALI) is an important cause of mortality of patients with sepsis, shock, trauma, pneumonia, multiple transfusions and pancreatitis. Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino (PAF) has been extensively used in Chinese folk medicine because of a good therapeutic effect in respiratory diseases. Here, an integrated approach combining network pharmacology, proton nuclear magnetic resonance‐based metabolomics, histopathological analysis and biochemical assays was used to elucidate the mechanism of PAF against ALI induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a mouse model. We found that the compounds present in PAF interact with 32 targets to effectively improve the damage in the lung undergoing ALI. We predicted the putative signalling pathway involved by using the network pharmacology and then used the orthogonal signal correction partial least‐squares discriminant analysis to analyse the disturbances in the serum metabolome in mouse. We also used ELISA, RT‐qPCR, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assay to confirm the potential signalling pathways involved. We found that PAF reduced the release of cytokines, such as TNF‐α, and the accumulation of oxidation products; decreased the levels of NF‐κB, p‐p38, ERK, JNK, p53, caspase‐3 and COX‐2; and enhanced the translocation of Nrf2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Collectively, PAF significantly reduced oxidative stress injury and inflammation, at the same time correcting the energy metabolism imbalance caused by ALI, increasing the amount of antioxidant‐related metabolites and reducing the apoptosis of lung cells. These observations suggest that PAF may be an effective candidate preparation alleviating ALI.
Long non‐coding RNA AK085865 ablation confers susceptibility to viral myocarditis by regulating macrophage polarization
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Li Xueqin , Kong Xiang , Zhang Mengying , Wang Deguo , Liu Yinhua , Lv Kun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAccumulating evidence indicates that regulators of macrophage polarization may exert pivotal functions in the development of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)‐induced viral myocarditis (VM). However, the mechanisms underlying macrophage polarization remain to be explored. Here, we sought to identify novel and functionally important long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) during macrophage polarization and to investigate their function and contribution to VM. In this study, we identified the lncRNA AK085865 as an important regulator of macrophage polarization. Knock‐down of AK085865 diminished phenotypical expression of M2 macrophages while promoting polarization to the M1 phenotype. Moreover, AK085865−/− mice had increased susceptibility to CVB3‐induced VM. We observed striking bias towards M1 macrophages, whereas the M2 population was decreased in AK085865−/− VM mice. Collectively, our findings uncover a critical role of AK085865 in the regulation of macrophage polarization in vitro and in vivo, identifying a new player in the development of VM and providing a potential clinically significant therapeutic target.
Predictive value of FDG‐PET imaging for relapse in metastatic melanoma patients treated with immunotherapy
Authors: Mesnard C. , Bodet‐Milin C. , Eugène T. , Nguyen J‐M. , Khammari A. , Dréno B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAnti‐PD1 immunotherapy has shown a sustainable clinical activity in patients with metastatic melanoma. However, strong predictive factors of the long‐term response or risk of relapse remain to be identified.ObjectivesTo determine whether FDG‐PET imaging could be superior to CT scan in distinguishing residual tumours versus the absence of tumour in patients with a partial response (PR) or stable disease (SD) and whether a complete metabolic response (CMR) was associated with better outcomes.MethodsRetrospective study conducted in all patients with metastatic melanoma treated with anti‐PD1 immunotherapy between October 2014 and October 2017 considered to be in complete remission. The primary outcome was the occurrence of a relapse during the follow‐up. CT scan and FDG‐PET scan had to be performed within a maximum of 2 months of treatment discontinuation. For CT imaging, the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) 1.1 were used and included progressive disease (PD), SD, PR and complete response (CR). For FDG‐PET imaging, the metabolic responses were classified as progressive metabolic disease, stable metabolic disease, residual FDG avidity (RFA) and CMR.ResultsTwenty‐six patients were in complete remission after collegial decision. Two patients had a SD on CT scan and a CMR on FDG‐PET scan, and none of them relapsed. Ten patients had a PR on CT scan and a CMR on FDG‐PET scan, and none of them relapsed. The mean treatment duration to achieve a complete remission was 7 months (3–23). A univariate analysis showed that a RFA assessed on the FDG‐PET scan was significantly associated with a relapse (P = 0.00231).ConclusionsMost patients with a PR on the CT scan and a CMR on the FDG‐PET scan should be considered with a CR. Our study showed that FDG‐PET imaging could play a crucial role in predicting the long‐term outcome and help to decide whether treatment should be discontinued.
Dignity, privacy, respect and choice—A scoping review of measurement of these concepts within acute healthcare practice
Authors: Bagnasco Annamaria , Zanini Milko , Dasso Nicoletta , Rossi Silvia , Timmins Fiona , Galanti Miss Carolina , Aleo Giuseppe , Catania Gianluca , Sasso Loredana 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo synthesise and review literature related to instruments that measure psychosocial aspects of fundamental care in acute hospital care settings.BackgroundPsychosocial aspects of care often receive less priority in terms of care provision in acute care environments. At the same time, if these elements are overlooked, there may be consequences. Despite the availability of many instruments designed to measure specific aspects of care, these concepts are often not studied within the broader context of fundamentals of care, but rather coexist as isolated explorations of specific subelements.DesignA scoping review was conducted, based on Arksey & O’Malley's (2005) methodological framework and following the PRISMA checklist.MethodsUsing the five recommended steps—identifying the research question; identifying relevant studies; study selection; charting the data; and summarising and reporting the results—three databases were searched: MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL and EMBASE, in February 2019.ResultsFollowing independent screening by two of the authors, 48 papers were included. From these 48 papers, 33 instruments were identified. Only five of these tools thoroughly assessed psychosocial aspects elements of care (dignity, respect, privacy and patients’ choice) through dedicated items.ConclusionsThis review provides nurses with a synthesis of 33 instruments that assess the psychosocial aspects of care. This provides an important resource to guide measurement of dignity, respect, privacy and patients’ choice. The findings also provide guidance to future research in this field.Relevance to clinical practiceThis paper reviews and synthesises these instruments to provide a resource to nurses to inform their decisions and practice around measurement and evaluation of these key aspects of care. This provides a useful guide to measure and monitor the improvement of fundamental care delivery in practice and points to strengths and weaknesses of the instruments concerned.
“You’ve got to keep moving, keep going”: Understanding older patients’ experiences and perceptions of delirium and nonpharmacological delirium prevention strategies in the acute hospital setting
Authors: Lee‐Steere Karen , Liddle Jacki , Mudge Alison , Bennett Sally , McRae Prue , Barrimore Sally E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore older inpatients’ experiences and perceptions of delirium and nonpharmacological delirium prevention strategies (NDPS).BackgroundDelirium is a distressing and serious complication in hospitalised older adults. NDPS (supporting nutrition, mobility and cognitive participation) have strong supporting evidence. Few studies have explored older inpatients’ perspectives of these strategies. This information may assist staff to better support patient participation in NDPS.DesignQualitative study using an interpretive descriptive (ID) methodological approach to explore older patient's experience of delirium and NDPS.MethodsStructured interviews of inpatients aged over 65 years across 6 medical and surgical wards explored patients’ experiences and perceptions of delirium and prevention activities related to nutrition, mobility and cognition; and barriers and enablers to participation. Reporting used COREQ.ResultsTwenty‐three participants were included (12 male, 11 reported delirium experience). Participants reported a range of physiological, emotional and psychological responses to delirium, hearing about delirium was different to experiencing it. Most participants were aware of the benefits of maintaining nutrition and hydration, physical activity and cognitive engagement in hospital. Barriers included poor symptom control, inflexible routines and inconsistent communication, whilst enablers included access to equipment, family involvement, staff encouragement and individual goals. These were organised into themes: outlook, feeling well enough, hospital environment, feeling informed and listened to, and support networks.ConclusionA more patient‐centred approach to delirium prevention requires consideration of older people's values, needs, preferences and fit within the hospital environment and routines. Feeling informed, listened to and receiving support from staff and family carers can improve older inpatients’ engagement in NPDS to prevent delirium in hospital.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses are ideally placed to improve patient participation in NDPS through holistic assessment and care, addressing symptoms, providing clear information about delirium and delirium prevention, and facilitating family carer support and patient interactions.
Improved quality of care by using the PRISMS form to support self‐management in patients with COPD: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Zakrisson Ann‐Britt , Arne Mats , Lisspers Karin , Lundh Lena , Sandelowsky Hanna , Ställberg Björn , Thors Adolfsson Eva , Theander Kersti 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAims and objectiveTo investigate the effects on the quality of care of the Patient Report Informing Self‐Management Support (PRISMS) form compared with usual care among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) consulting a COPD nurse in primary health care.BackgroundPatients with COPD experience symptoms affecting their everyday lives, and there is a need for interventions in self‐management support. The delivery of chronic care in an organised, structured and planned manner can lead to more productive relationships between professionals and patients.DesignA multicentre randomised controlled trial with a post‐test design, according to the CONSORT checklist, in one intervention group (n = 94) and one control group (n = 108).MethodsIn addition to usual care, the intervention group (n = 94) completed the PRISMS form to indicate areas where they wanted self‐management support before the consultation with the COPD nurse. This form comprises 17 items that patients with COPD commonly experience as problems. The control group received usual care (n = 108). The primary outcome was patients’ satisfaction with quality of care, assessed using the Quality from the Patient's Perspective (QPP) questionnaire. Means and (SD) are presented where applicable. Differences between the intervention and control group were analysed with Student's t test for independent groups for interval data, and the Mann–Whitney U test for ordinal data.ResultsParticipants in the intervention group were more satisfied with the QPP domains “personal attention,” regarding both “perceived reality” (p = .021) and “subjective importance” (p = .012). The PRISMS form revealed “shortness of breath” as the most commonly experienced problem and the issue most desired to discuss.ConclusionThe PRISMS form improved patient satisfaction with quality of care regarding personal attention, which is an important factor in patient participation and improving relationships and communication.Relevance to clinical practiceThe PRISMS form can be a useful tool in improving person‐centred care when delivering self‐management support.Register Id192691 at http://www.researchweb.org/is/en/sverige/project/192691.
Convolutional neural networks for pavement roughness assessment using calibration‐free vehicle dynamics
Authors: Jeong Jong‐Hyun , Jo Hongki , Ditzler Gregory 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRoad roughness is a measure of how uncomfortable a ride is, and provides an important indicator for the needs of roadway maintenance or repavement, which is closely tied to the state and federal budget prioritization. As such, accurate and timely monitoring of deteriorating road conditions and following maintenance are essential to improve the overall ride quality on the road. Various technologies, including vehicle‐mounted laser profiling systems, have been developed and adopted for road roughness (e.g., IRI—International Roughness Index) measurement; however, their high cost limits their use. While recent advances in smartphone technologies allow us to use their embedded accelerometers for road roughness monitoring, the complicated process of necessary vehicle calibration hinders the widespread use of the technology in the actual practices. In this work, a deep learning IRI estimation method is proposed with the goal of using anonymous (i.e., calibration‐free) vehicles and their responses measured by smartphones as road roughness sensors. A state‐of‐the‐art deep learning algorithm (i.e., CNN—convolutional neural network) and multimetric vehicle dynamics data (i.e., accelerometer, gyroscope), possibly measured by drivers’ smartphones, are employed for the purpose. Optimized CNN architecture and data configuration have been investigated to achieve the best performance. The efficacy of the proposed method has been numerically validated using real road IRI information (i.e., Speedway, Tucson, AZ), real driving speed profiles, and four different types of vehicle data with associated uncertainties.
What guidance is there on portion size for feeding preschool‐aged children (1 to 5 years) in the United Kingdom and Ireland? A systematic grey literature review
Authors: Porter Alice , Kipping Ruth , Summerbell Carolyn , Dobrescu Anca , Johnson Laura 
Published: March 2020

SummaryLarge portion sizes of food can lead to excessive energy intake and weight gain in young children. Although portion size guidance is available, parents are often unaware it exists. Our systematic grey literature review aimed to identify the portion size guidance resources in the United Kingdom and Ireland, aimed at users (e.g., parents and childcare providers) responsible for feeding preschool‐aged children. We describe who the resources are aimed at, how they are informed and whether the recommended portion sizes are consistent across resources. Resources were identified via advanced Google searches, searching reference lists and contacting experts. Resources that provided quantifiable portion size information (e.g., grammes) were included. Portion sizes (g) were extracted and energy equivalents (kcal) were calculated. Portion sizes were analysed by food group and by eating occasion. Twenty‐two resources were identified. Median portion sizes were consistent across resources for fruit (40 g [IQR = 40–50]) and vegetables (40 g [IQR = 30–40]). Variability was observed in portion size and/or energy content for dairy (60 g [IQR = 25–93]), protein (72 kcal [IQR = 44–106]) and starchy (41 g/71 kcal [IQR = 25–80/56–106]) food groups. The range in size of an average eating occasion was large (90–292 g). This review identifies resources that could help caregivers to choose appropriate portion sizes for preschool‐aged children but also highlights how future resources could be improved.
Treatment change and coronary artery abnormality in incomplete Kawasaki disease
Authors: Nomura Yuichi , Yashiro Mayumi , Masuda Kiminori , Nakamura Yoshikazu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundIncomplete Kawasaki disease (iKD) showed a higher incidence of coronary artery abnormalities (CAAs) than complete KD. However, the incidence of CAAs among iKD patients may have changed recently.MethodsWe examined KD patients from recent nationwide surveys conducted between 2013 and 2016 and compared them with the results of a previous survey (2001–2002).ResultsOf 63 270 KD patients, 13 770 patients (22%) had iKD. They showed a higher incidence of convalescent‐phase CAAs (cCAAs, 2.8%) than complete KD (2.1%). The incidence of cCAAs in patients with one or two symptoms (6.7%) was significantly higher than those with three or four symptoms (2.6%) (P < 0.0001). Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment was administered to 80% of iKD patients; 30% of them received IVIG before the fifth illness day (early treatment) and 12% of patients received IVIG after the seventh illness day (late treatment). In the previous survey, the incidence of cCAAs was higher in both iKD (5.9%) and cKD (4.4%). Intravenous immunoglobulin was administered to 62% of iKD patients; 26% of them received early treatment, and 16% received late treatment.ConclusionsThe incidence of cCAAs remained higher among iKD patients than cKD patients but this difference was reduced by the increased proportion of iKD patients treated with IVIG and those at an earlier time point. It is important to recognize the possibility that patients may have iKD and perform echocardiography even if they present with a few principal symptoms.
Quality of the caregiving relationship and quality of life in mild Alzheimer's dementia
Authors: Mortazavizadeh Zeinab , Maercker Andreas , Roth Tanja , Savaskan Egemen , Forstmeier Simon 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundThe present study aims to investigate the quality of the dyadic relationship between mild Alzheimer patients and their caregivers. The main objective is to evaluate the consistency, agreement and validity of the German version of the Scale for Quality of the Current Relationship in Caregiving (SQCRC). The secondary objective was to examine the association of relationship quality with quality of life (QOL) in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) and their caregivers.MethodsIn this study, a sample of 50 patients diagnosed with mild AD and their primary caregivers were included. Participants underwent a full neuropsychological evaluation. The quality of the relationship between persons with AD and their caregivers was assessed using the SQCRC. Furthermore, other scales of relationship quality, well‐being of the person with AD, and well‐being of the caregiver were used.ResultsThe results showed that the SQCRC has a good internal consistency and high validity. Also, relationship quality as rated by the AD patients (r = 0.37, P < 0.1) and their caregivers (r = 0.51, P < 0.1) was significantly correlated with QOL.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that many persons with mild AD can rate their relationship quality and that the patient's self‐rated relationship quality is a substantial predictor of their QOL.
Maximum‐revenue tariffs versus free trade
Authors: Collie David R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWelfare with the maximum‐revenue tariff is compared to free‐trade welfare under Cournot duopoly with differentiated products; under Bertrand duopoly with differentiated products; and under perfect competition in the case of a large country able to affect its terms of trade. Under Cournot duopoly and Bertrand duopoly, assuming linear demands and constant marginal costs, welfare with the maximum‐revenue tariff is always higher than free‐trade welfare. Under perfect competition, assuming linear demand and supply, welfare with the maximum‐revenue tariff will be higher than free‐trade welfare if the country has sufficient market power.