bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conditions for the success of capital controls: The elasticity approach
Authors: Zehri Chokri 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCapital controls are a commonly used instrument to manage capital flows. However, their effectiveness in reducing short‐term capital flows is still unclear. The present study proposes a new approach to the evaluation of the effects of capital controls, by proposing a model in which these effects depends on the elasticity of short‐term capital flows relative to total flows. When capital controls are in place, achieving an elastic demand reduces these short‐term flows, while an inelastic demand may increase them. The proposition of the model is empirically verified by computing the elasticity approach for 33 countries. This approach suggests that policymakers take proactive actions against the fickleness of short‐term capital flows.
Evapotranspiration‐based irrigation management technology and its application in China*
Authors: Lei Xu , Zhenzhong Han , Mingqi Chang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper introduces the concepts of evapotranspiration (ET)‐based irrigation management, and proposes calculation methods of various ET, and discusses irrigation ET control technology in engineering, agronomy and management. The application and practice of ET‐based irrigation management technology in two case study areas in China indicate that ET control is an effective way to reduce irrigation water consumption, with satisfactory feasibility and applicability, which is a beneficial supplement for improving traditional irrigation water resources management, and is even helpful to realize the sustainable utilization of regional water resources. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro anticancer activity of fluphenazine, perphenazine and prochlorperazine. A review
Authors: Otręba Michał , Kośmider Leon 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDrug repositioning is an approach that could accelerate the clinical use of compounds in different diseases. The goal is to take advantage of the fact that approved drugs have been tested on humans and detailed information is available on their pharmacology, toxicity and formulation. It can significantly reduce the costs and time needed to implement necessary therapies on the market. In recent years, phenothiazines are being tested for cancer, viral, bacterial, fungal and other diseases. Most research focuses on chlorpromazine as a model drug in this class, but other drugs such as fluphenazine, perphenazine and prochlorperazine have been proven to inhibit the viability of different cancer cell lines. In this study, we performed an extensive literature search to find and summarize all papers on the chosen phenothiazines and their potential in treating different types of cancerin vitro for further animal/clinical trials. Fluphenazine, perphenazine and prochlorperazine possess anticancer activity towards different types of human cancer. The antitumor activity is mainly mediated by an effect of the drugs on the cell cycle, proliferation or apoptosis. Possible molecular targets of phenothiazine derivatives are the drug's efflux pumps (ABCB1 and P‐glycoprotein) and two parallel pathways (AKT and Wnt) regulated by the D2 receptor antagonists. The drugs have the potential to reduce the viability of human cancer cell lines, fragment the DNA, stimulate apoptosis, inhibit cell migration and invasiveness as well as impair the production of reactive oxygen species. In addition, due to the sedative and antiemetic properties antipsychotics can be used as an adjuvant for the treatment of chemotherapy side effects.
Cadmium as a testicular toxicant: A Review
Authors: Bhardwaj Jitender Kumar , Panchal Harish , Saraf Priyanka 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal with no known biological functions in the human body. Due to a considerably long biological half‐life and very low rate of excretion, accumulation of Cd in different body organs (eg, liver, kidney, and testes) over time is associated with perturbed functioning of these organs. Recent studies have shown the extreme sensitivity of the testes to Cd toxicity. In testes, Cd has been reported to induce oxidative stress, apoptosis of spermatogenic cells, reduction in androgen production and sperm functions. Moreover, Cd in combination with other environmental toxicants may be responsible for the declining fertility of males in both animals and humans. Pinpointing how Cd toxicity affects various testicular processes will be imperative for the development of preventative measures to promote fertility among males. Therefore, in the present review, we summarize the recent findings related to the Cd‐induced oxidative toxicity, apoptotic toxicity, steroidogenic toxicity, and spermatotoxicity, along with their possible mechanisms in testicular tissue of different animal species. In addition, the utilization of various antioxidant compounds, medicinal plants and other compounds for the management of Cd toxicity in testes is discussed.
Evaluation of a biodegradable PLA–PEG–PLA internal biliary stent for liver transplantation: in vitro degradation and mechanical properties
Authors: Girard Edouard , Chagnon Grégory , Moreau‐Gaudry Alexandre , Letoublon Christian , Favier Denis , Dejean Stéphane , Trilling Bertrand , Nottelet Benjamin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInternal biliary stenting during biliary reconstruction in liver transplantation decrease anastomotic biliary complications. Implantation of a resorbable internal biliary stent (RIBS) is interesting since it would avoid an ablation gesture. The objective of present work was to evaluate adequacy of selected PLA‐b‐PEG‐b‐PLA copolymers for RIBS aimed to secure biliary anastomose during healing and prevent complications, such as bile leak and stricture. The kinetics of degradation and mechanical properties of a RIBS prototype were evaluated with respect to the main bile duct stenting requirements in liver transplantation. For this purpose, RIBS degradation under biliary mimicking solution versus standard phosphate buffer control solution was discussed. Morphological changes, mass loss, water uptake, molecular weight, permeability, pH variations, and mechanical properties were examined over time. The permeability and mechanical properties were evaluated under simulated biliary conditions to explore the usefulness of a PLA‐b‐PEG‐b‐PLA RIBS to secure biliary anastomosis. Results showed no pH influence on the kinetics of degradation, with degradable RIBS remaining impermeable for at least 8 weeks, and keeping its mechanical properties for 10 weeks. Complete degradation is reached at 6 months. PLA‐b‐PEG‐b‐PLA RIBS have the required in vitro degradation characteristics to secure biliary anastomosis in liver transplantation and envision in vivo applications.
Insulin‐like growth factor 1 promotes proliferation and invasion of papillary thyroid cancer through the STAT3 pathway
Authors: Yang Li , Tan Zenghuan , Li Yukun , Zhang Xueqiang , Wu Yiping , Xu Baoyuan , Wang Mei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPapillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is a kind of thyroid cancer. Previous studies showed that insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF1) plays an important role in tumorigenesis, development, invasion, and metastasis. However, the function of IGF1 in PTC progression remains unclear.MethodsSeventy‐three pairs of PTC tissue specimens and adjacent normal specimens form and normal cell line and PTC cell lines were collected in this study. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay was performed to test the expression of IGF1. The RNA isolation and quantitative real‐time PCR assays (qRT‐PCR assays) and Western blot analysis were used to test mRNA and protein expression. Cell proliferation assay, EdU assay, flow cytometry assay, wound healing assay, and Transwell invasion assay were performed to test cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis.ResultsWe found that the expression of IGF1 in PTC tissue samples was higher than that in adjacent normal specimens and was significantly associated with tumor size, TNM staging, and lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, IGF1 treatment significantly increased cell viability in a dose‐dependent manner. EdU assay also demonstrated the effect of IGF1 on the proliferation of BCPAP and TPC1 cells. Moreover, IGF1 treatment effectively increased the invasive capacity of BCPAP and TPC1 cells. More importantly, IGF1 treatment could significantly enhance the phosphorylation of STAT3 in BCPAP and TPC1 cells. Moreover, cryptotanshinone (Cryp) treatment reversed the effect of IGF1 treatment on cell viability and invasion of BCPAP and TPC1 cells.ConclusionCollectively, IGF1 promotes proliferation and invasion of PTC progression through the STAT3 signaling pathway.
Measurement and antecedents of national resilience in Filipino adults during coronavirus crisis
Authors: Callueng Carmelo , Aruta John Jamir Benzon R. , Antazo Benedict G. , Briones‐Diato Alelie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractResilience is a broad concept that encompasses individual and social resources to thrive from difficult circumstances. The resilience that occurs as a collective effort or country‐wide phenomenon is referred to as national resilience (NR), which connotes the ability of a nation to deal with crises while keeping its social fabric intact. Like the rest of the world, the Philippines has been greatly impacted by the coronavirus pandemic and we argue that a stable and robust NR is needed to bounce back from the challenges and adversities of the crisis. This pioneering study on NR in Filipino adults was conducted to achieve two aims (1) assess the psychometric properties of the Filipino adapted National Resilience Scale (NRS‐Filipino) and (2) determine demographic and psychological variables that influence NR. Data from 401 participants yielded an exploratory factor analysis with a good model fit for a four‐factor solution that is similar to the original National Resilience Assessment Scale. NRS‐Filipino also demonstrated acceptable reliability and convergent validity. Among the variables purported to be associated with NR, community resilience, and political attitudes came out as strong predictors.
Introduction to dental medicine: Analysis of a massive open online course in dentistry
Authors: France Katherine , Hangorsky Uri , Wu Chia‐Wei , Sollecito Thomas P. , Stoopler Eric T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to: (1) assess learner demographics of Introduction to Dental Medicine (IDM), an early Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) developed for the Coursera platform and (2) analyze course enrollment to determine worldwide interest in accessible, high‐quality dental education.MethodsThe authors review the development and organization of IDM and present learner statistics to critically evaluate learner traits and course engagement for IDM.ResultsIDM has been available since June 15, 2015, and as of March 1, 2020, gained 90,374 visitors, of whom 16,739 have enrolled and demonstrate continued monthly and daily engagement. Learners represent all age groups and genders and include participants of all educational and employment backgrounds, reflecting broad interest in dental knowledge. They originate from 6 continents with the largest percentages of learners from countries including the United States, Egypt, India, and the United Kingdom. IDM learners have provided positive feedback, rating the course 4.8/5 stars and often providing individual accounts of the benefit of their experiences.ConclusionsIDM presented an opportunity to learn general dental concepts. The course served to increase familiarity in the field for all learners, including health professionals, patients, and anyone with an interest in the subject. It also served as preparation for or to expand education in dental, medical, and allied health professions. High learner engagement with wide global distribution demonstrated interest in dental education worldwide.
A threshold dosage of estrogen for male‐to‐female sex reversal in the Glandirana rugosa frog
Authors: Oike Akira , Nakamura Yoriko , Yasumasu Shigeki , Ito Etsuro , Nakamura Masahisa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSteroid hormones play very important roles in gonadal differentiation in many vertebrate species. Previously, we have determined a threshold dosage of testosterone (T) to induce female‐to‐male sex reversal in Glandirana rugosa frogs. Genetic females formed a mixture of testis and ovary, the so‐called ovotestis, when tadpoles of G. rugosa were reared in water containing the dosage of T, which enabled us to detect primary changes in the histology of the masculinizing gonads. In this study, we determined a threshold dosage of estradiol‐17β (E2) to cause male‐to‐female sex reversal in this frog. We observed first signs of histological changes in the ovotestes, when tadpoles were reared in water containing the dosage of E2. Ovotestes were significantly larger than wild‐type testes in size. By E2 treatment, male germ cells degenerated in the feminizing testis leading to their final disappearance. In parallel, oocytes appeared in the medulla of the ovotestis and later in the cortex as well. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the expression of sex‐related genes involved in testis formation was significantly decreased in the ovotestis. In addition, immuno‐positive signals of CYP17 that is involved in testis differentiation in this frog disappeared in the medulla first and then in the cortex. These results suggested that oocytes expanded in the feminizing gonad (ovary) contemporaneously with male germ cell disappearance. Primary changes in the histology of the gonads during male‐to‐female sex reversal occurred in the medulla and later in the cortex. This direction was opposite to that observed during female‐to‐male sex reversal in the G. rugosa frog.
Recent development in the synthesis of pyrrolin‐4‐ones/pyrrolin‐3‐ones
Authors: Sharma Priyanka , Kumar Rupesh , Bhargava Gaurav 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPyrrolin‐4‐ones/pyrrolin‐3‐ones and its derivatives are important heterocyclic systems which are observed in vast variety of natural products, pharmaceuticals, and biologically important compounds. Different researchers all across the world have developed different synthetic methodologies for the construction of functionalized pyrrolin‐4‐ones/pyrrolin‐3‐one scaffolds such as the transition‐metal catalyzed/mediated cycloisomerizations of 1‐aminoynones and dimerization of enaminones or α‐diazo‐β‐oxoamides etc. The present review article summarizes various reports on the synthesis of various simple and functionalized pyrrolin‐4‐ones/pyrrolin‐3‐ones from 2000 onward.
Frontiers of Sodium MRI Revisited: From Cartilage to Brain Imaging
Authors: Zaric Olgica , Juras Vladimir , Szomolanyi Pavol , Schreiner Markus , Raudner Marcus , Giraudo Chiara , Trattnig Siegfried 
Published: September 2020

Sodium magnetic resonance imaging (23Na‐MRI) is a highly promising imaging modality that offers the possibility to noninvasively quantify sodium content in the tissue, one of the most relevant parameters for biochemical investigations. Despite its great potential, due to the intrinsically low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of sodium imaging generated by low in vivo sodium concentrations, low gyromagnetic ratio, and substantially shorter relaxation times than for proton (1H) imaging, 23Na‐MRI is extremely challenging. In this article, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature that has been published in the last 10–15 years and which has demonstrated different technical designs for a range of 23Na‐MRI methods applicable for disease diagnoses and treatment efficacy evaluations. Currently, a wider use of 3.0T and 7.0T systems provide imaging with the expected increase in SNR and, consequently, an increased image resolution and a reduced scanning time. A great interest in translational research has enlarged the field of sodium MRI applications to almost all parts of the body: articular cartilage tendons, spine, heart, breast, muscle, kidney, and brain, etc., and several pathological conditions, such as tumors, neurological and degenerative diseases, and others. The quantitative parameter, tissue sodium concentration, which reflects changes in intracellular sodium concentration, extracellular sodium concentration, and intra–/extracellular volume fractions is becoming acknowledged as a reliable biomarker. Although the great potential of this technique is evident, there must be steady technical development for 23Na‐MRI to become a standard imaging tool. The future role of sodium imaging is not to be considered as an alternative to 1H MRI, but to provide early, diagnostically valuable information about altered metabolism or tissue function associated with disease genesis and progression.Level of Evidence1Technical Efficacy Stage1
A potential entanglement between the spinal cord and hippocampus: Theta rhythm correlates with neurogenesis deficiency following spinal cord injury in male rats
Authors: Soltani Zangbar Hamid , Ghadiri Tahereh , Vafaee Manuchehr Seyedi , Ebrahimi Kalan Abbas , Karimipour Mohammad , Fallahi Solmaz , Ghorbani Meysam , Shahabi Parviz 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCognitive deficits due to spinal cord injury (SCI) have been elucidated in both animals and humans with SCI. Such disorders may cause concomitant oscillatory changes in regions of the brain involving in cognition; a subject that has not been directed mechanistically. One of the crucial oscillations, having a prominent role in cognition, particularly spatial memory, is hippocampal theta rhythm. Our research revealed that SCI could induce changes not only in the neurogenesis and apoptosis rate of the hippocampus but also in theta power as well as receptors involving in the generation of this rhythm. Herein we used 24 male Wistar rats (Sham/SCI = 12) and examined the effect of spinal cord contusion on hippocampal theta rhythm, spatial memory, and neurodegeneration. We proved that SCI eliminates hippocampus‐dependent theta power through spatial working memory, and correlates significantly with neurodegeneration and expression of receptors (NMDA, GABAA, Muscarinic1/M1), which are in turn essential in generation of theta rhythm. The immunohistochemistry analysis also demonstrated a significant decrease in DCX+ and BrdU+ cells; however, according to TUNEL assay, apoptosis is significantly higher in SCI‐induced animals. The western blotting analysis further showed a significant reduction of the abovementioned receptors in the hippocampus. We also verified that SCI impairs the spatial memory, proved by poor performance in the Y‐maze task. As well as, based on the local field potential recordings analysis, SCI decreases the power of theta rhythm. Eventually, this study demonstrated that chronic brain neurodegeneration occurs after SCI accompanied by theta rhythm and cognitive deficiency.
Reduction of myocardial necrosis using “CLOSE” protocol during pulmonary vein isolation—Preliminary results from ACTIVE‐AF trial
Authors: Peller Michał , Lodziński Piotr , Balsam Paweł , Maciejewski Kacper , Ozierański Krzysztof , Krzowski Bartosz , Opolski Grzegorz 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundNew protocols of pulmonary veins isolation (PVI) result in easier and more efficient procedure performance. Ablation index (AI) is the novel tool which helps to achieve transmural lesions during catheter ablation. However, benefit of this protocol in the reduction of myocardial injury is still not known.PurposeThe aim of the study was to compare myocardial injury during catheter ablation using standard and AI protocol.MethodsTo the analysis we included 24 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, who underwent radiofrequency catheter PVI using CARTO system (Biosense Webster, Inc). In all patients cardiac troponin I (cTnI) levels were assessed before and 24 hours after the procedure. In 12 patients PVI was performed using continuous applications (dragging technique) and in 12 patients during PVI ablation AI protocol was implemented. To unify analyzed groups, we excluded patients with additional ablation lines (including line separating ipsilateral pulmonary veins).ResultsIn analyzed group mean age was 59.3 ± 7.7 years and 18 (75%) patients were male. There were no differences in the clinical characteristic between both subgroups. Trend in shorter total x‐ray time was observed in AI group compared with dragging group (8.6 ± 5.4 vs. 5.3 ± 3.2 min.; P = .093) with no differences in total procedure time (146.3 ± 28.9 vs. 153.2 ± 37.1 min.; P = .616). Twenty‐four hours after the PVI procedure cTnI levels were significantly lower in AI group than in dragging group (1.984 ± 0.644 vs. 3.369 ± 1.818 ng/mL; P = .026), with no difference in mean baseline cTnI levels (0.004 ± 0.006 vs. 0.015 ± 0.032 ng/mL; P = .304).ConclusionPresented study revealed that compared with standard, continuous applications, AI protocol implementation results in reduction of myocardial injury during catheter PVI in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.
Effect of implant cleaning on titanium particle dissolution and cytocompatibility
Authors: Kotsakis Georgios A. , Black Rachel , Kum Jason , Berbel Larissa , Sadr Ali , Karoussis Ioannis , Simopoulou Mara , Daubert Diane 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPeri‐implantitis treatments are mainly based on protocols for teeth but have not shown favorable outcomes for implants. The potential role of titanium dissolution products in peri‐implantitis necessitate the consideration of material properties in devising treatment protocols. We assessed implant cleaning interventions on (1) bacterial removal from Ti‐bound biofilms, (2) Ti surface alterations and related Ti particle dissolution, and (3) cytocompatibility.MethodsAcid‐etched Ti discs were inoculated with human peri‐implant plaque biofilms and mechanical antimicrobial interventions were applied on the Ti‐bound biofilms for 30 seconds each: (1) rotary nylon brush; (2) Ti brush; (3) water‐jet on high and (4) low, and compared to sterile, untreated and Chlorhexidine‐treated controls. We assessed colony forming units (CFU) counts, biofilm removal, surface changes via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Ti dissolution via light microscopy and Inductively‐coupled Mass Spectrometry (ICP‐MS). Biological effects of Ti particles and surfaces changes were assessed using NIH/3T3 fibroblasts and MG‐63 osteoblastic cell lines, respectively.ResultsSequencing revealed that the human biofilm model supported a diverse biofilm including known peri‐implant pathogens. WJ and Nylon brush were most effective in reducing CFU counts (P < 0.01 versus control), whereas Chlorhexidine was least effective; biofilm imaging results were confirmatory. Ti brushes led to visible streaks on the treated surfaces, reduced corrosion resistance and increased Ti dissolution over 30 days of material aging as compared to controls, which increase was amplified in the presence of bacteria (all P‐val < 0.05). Ti particles exerted cytotoxic effects against fibroblasts, whereas surfaces altered by Ti brushes exhibited reduced osteoconductivity versus controls (P < 0.05).ConclusionsPresent findings support that mechanical treatment strategies selected for implant biofilm removal may lead to Ti dissolution. Ti dissolution should become an important consideration in the clinical selection of peri‐implantitis treatments and a necessary criterion for the regulatory approval of instruments for implant hygiene.