bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A-118 SCAT5 Cognitive Screening Performance by Athlete Sex: Implications for Clinical Interpretation
Authors: C Bailey , J Meyer , C Tangen , R Deane , S Briskin , J Gunstad , P Fastenau , P Smith , M Solomon , A Weiss Kelly 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
To examine sex differences in performance on SCAT-5 Cognitive Screening indices.

Method
A multisport baseline sample was composed of 727 uninjured Division I collegiate athletes (52% female) who were administered the SCAT5 before the 2017–2018 seasons. Repeat baseline testing was completed by 273 uninjured athletes (48% female) at 1 year (days M = 352.56;SD = 56.03) who were then included in the repeated measure analyses. SCAT5 Cognitive Screening indices included the SAC Total, Immediate Recall, and Delayed Recall, at both baseline testing sessions.

Results
A 3-factor mixed repeated measure MANOVA (SCAT5 Cognitive Index x baseline administration x sex) was completed. Significant between-subject differences were noted across SCAT5 measures and baselines by sex (F(1, 271) = 26.38,p &lt; .001,partialη2 = 0.09). Significant practice effects on all SCAT5 indices between Baseline administrations were observed for all athletes (F(1,271) = 103.68,p &lt; .001,partialη2 = 0.28) and a small but significant interaction was noted where females demonstrated slightly larger practice effects than males (F(1,271) = 6.24,p = .015,partialη2 = 0.02). Descriptive statistics for SCAT Total highlight these findings: males (M = 34.10,SD = 5.10) and females (M = 36.05,SD = 4.66) at Baseline 1; males (M = 36.07,SD = 4.59) and females (M = 38.90,SD = 4.79) at Baseline 2.

Conclusions
Significant differences on the SCAT5 Cognitive Screening between male and female athletes were evident, with the females generally outperforming their male counterparts (medium effect). Substantial practice effects were noted for all athletes (large effect), with slightly larger practice effects noted for female athletes relative to males (small effect). These findings support the use of sex-specific SCAT5 normative data for interpretation, which may be of increased importance if using reliable change methodology requiring multiple administrations.
A-119 Neurocognitive Profile of Adult Patient with Shaken Baby Syndrome
Authors: K Jupp , J Hertza , Z Repp , J Burton 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Shaken baby syndrome is a form of traumatic brain injury which occurs following physical shaking of an infant. This commonly leads to lasting neurological symptoms, such as seizures, cognitive deficits, with full symptoms often not apparent until later in life. The objective of this case study is to examine the correlation between a single episode of verified shaking as a 17-month-old child and corresponding cognitive functioning in a young adult individual. Neuroimaging confirming significant brain trauma will be included.

Method
The individual was shaken once as a 17-month-old and had sequalae life-long cognitive deficits. Cognitive ability was assessed with a clinical interview, neurobehavioral observations, comprehensive Neuropsychological Battery. Emotional functioning was assessed by questionnaires given to the individual’s grandmother.

Results
Neuropsychological testing indicated severe and pervasive cognitive deficits. The individual could not write letters or numbers and had difficulty following basic instructions, despite being cooperative with testing, due to severe attentional issues. Functionally the patient could not care for himself and needed assistance with activities of daily living. Despite his cognitive impairment, the individual had a positive attitude. Clinical interview with the patient’s family indicated a strong supportive network for the individual.

Conclusion
This case highlights the destructive and life-long effects of shaken baby syndrome, but also demonstrates the importance of a supportive environment for such an individual. A single instance of shaking rendered the individual unable to function independently and severely cognitively impaired. However, because of the individual’s social support, he maintains a high quality of life and is set to graduate high school at a delayed pace.
A-124 Acute Predictors of Chronic PTSD Symptoms Following TBI in U.S. Military Service Members
Authors: S Lippa , J Bailie , T Brickell , L Hungerford , R Lange , L French 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has been shown to be a major contributor to poor outcome after Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). Understanding the factors that contribute to PTSD symptoms may lead to improved clinical management of PTSD and TBI. This study examines acute predictors of self-reported PTSD symptoms after TBI in military service members.

Method
Participants included 210 U.S. military service members (Age: M = 33.9 years, SD = 10.2) without injury (n = 86), or with history of uncomplicated mild TBI (n = 56), complicated mild, moderate, or severe TBI (n = 43), or bodily injury (n = 25) assessed at 0–8 months and ≥ 2 years post-injury. At both assessments, participants completed the PTSD Checklist (PCL-C), Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory, Alcohol Use Disorder Checklist, Combat Exposure Scale, and TBI Quality of Life and passed symptom validity tests. Stepwise linear regression included 26 potential predictors (demographics, injury characteristics, military characteristics, and self-report measures at baseline) of PCL-C Total at follow-up.

Results
In this model, (F(4,188) = 68.0; p &lt; .001; R2 = .591), baseline PCL-C (R2Δ = .52) was the main predictor of follow-up PCL-C Total, followed by Cognitive Concerns (R2Δ = .04), number of deployments (R2Δ = .01), and injury severity (R2Δ = .02). When baseline PCL-C was excluded as a predictor, somatosensory symptoms (R2Δ = .361), Emotional/Behavioral Dyscontrol (R2Δ = .067), Sleep (R2Δ = .033), Combat Exposure (R2Δ = .024), and Cognitive Concerns (R2Δ = .017) predicted follow-up PCL-C (F(5,187) = 37.7; p &lt; .001; R2 = .502). Semipartial correlations revealed that most of the explained variance was shared among self-report predictors.

Conclusion
Findings suggest acute psychological distress impacts future PTSD symptomatology, whereas TBI characteristics, such as TBI severity and number of TBIs, have minimal influence.
A-125 An Analysis of the Traumatic Brain Injury Outcomes and Needs of People in Urban, Rural and Remote Areas
Authors: K Sullivan , M Hennessy 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Little is known about the traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcomes for people returning to urban versus rural communities. These communities typically differ in terms of the availability of formal and informal supports. We compared patient-reported TBI outcomes for three communities (urban, rural, and remote) and modelled their predictors.

Method
Six hundred and sixty-two cases with mild-to-severe TBI were identified from hospital records. These individuals received a mail-out survey comprised of standardized outcome measures. The measures assessed: symptoms, quality-of-life, service obstacles, unmet needs, mental health, and community integration. Ninety-one people who were less than two years post-injury returned a usable survey (18% response rate). The location of communities was coded using the Accessibility Remoteness Index of Australia (urban n = 22, rural n = 43, remote n = 26).

Results
There were no differences in the outcomes due to location (p’s &gt; .05). The significant individual predictors of five of the six outcomes were the participant’s sex, age, and the injury severity; but location did not play a role. TBI outcomes were typically worse if the injury was severe, or if the injured person was older or female. For one outcome (community integration) males fared worse than females.

Conclusion
Contrary to expectations, location did not affect patient-reported TBI outcomes. This could indicate that the same supports are available to patients, despite their location or; that the different supports were relied on to achieve the same outcomes. The overall findings urge continued investment in TBI rehabilitation, particularly for the subgroups that experienced the worst outcomes.
A-138 Lifetime Repetitive Blast Overpressure Exposure Has Negative Impact on Quality of Life after Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: J Bailie , T Brickell , L French , L Hungerford , R Lange , S Lippa 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
The objective of this study was to i) address the impact repetitive blast exposure (RBE) has on recovery from TBI in service members and veterans (SMVs), ii) determine if the relative amount of blast exposure in a career changes this effect, iii) determine if any effects of blast exposure are different than known pre-existing neurotrauma such as pre-injury TBI history (piTBIHx) defined as previous TBI that occurred before the index injury for the study.

Methods
341 SMVs with an uncomplicated mild, complicated mild, moderate, or severe TBI. piTBIHx was based on a structured interview and RBE was based on self-report. Participants were divided into six cohorts based on RBE and piTBIHx and given the TBI-Quality of Life (TBI-QOL). Four multivariate analysis of variance were completed for each domain separately (Emotional, Physical, Cognition, and Positive) to correct for multiple comparisons.

Results
Results indicate that HeavyRBE, in the absence of piTBIHx, was associated with worse QOL on measures of Anger (p = 0.032), Anxiety (p = 0.008), Explosive Behavior (p = 0.038), Headache (p = 0.030), Pain (p = 0.016), Cognitive Complaints-Executive Functioning (p = 0.009), and Cognitive Complaints-General (p = 0.013). ModerateRBE in the absence of piTBIHx was associated with more Cognitive Complaints-Executive Function (p = 0.005). ModerateRBE did not differ from the Heavy RBE group regardless of piTBIHx.

Conclusion
QOL after a TBI may be negatively impacted by a history of RBE. A lifetime of HeavyRBE was associated with worse QOL on numerous measures, however, Moderate RBE was only associated with worse cognitive complaints related to executive functioning.
A-144 Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Sleep Disturbances in Military Service Members as Predictors of Days Missed from Duty
Authors: J Higa , L Lu , M Reid , B Khokhar , R Seegmiller , J Kennedy 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Duty-limiting pain impacts military readiness. Conditions such as mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), stress-related disorders (Acute Stress Disorder (ASD)/PTSD), depression, anxiety and sleep disturbance occur frequently among military service members and can be associated with pain-related time off from duty. The purpose of this study was to explore which of these conditions best predict time off duty.

Method
Time off duty was categorized into low (0–3 days), medium (3–30 days) and high (more than 30 days). After excluding participants undergoing a Medical Evaluation Board (MEB) or with potentially invalid symptom reporting, 364 military service members were included. An ordinal regression analysis was conducted with presence or absence of mTBI, ASD/PTSD, depression/anxiety and sleep disturbance as predictors.

Results
The regression model was significant (χ2 = 21.93, p &lt; .001), with mTBI status and sleep disturbance emerging as significant predictors of pain-related time off duty. Those with a history of mTBI were five times more likely to miss duty days than those without mTBI (Odds Ratio (OR) = 5.09 [p = .04]). Presence of ongoing sleep disturbance conveyed two times the risk of more missed duty (OR = 2.09 [p = .04]).

Conclusion
This suggests that treating mTBI and sleep disturbances in military service members can reduce pain-related absenteeism and consequently improve military readiness.
A-145 Evaluating Attention and Processing Speed and Executive Functioning Abilities in Hispanic Traumatic Brain Injury Survivors and Healthy Adults
Authors: W Olmos , D Lopez-Hernandez , J Knight , S Saravia , P Litvin , R Rugh-Fraser , F Martinez , R Cervantes , S Mangassarian , A Arzuyan , I Ritchie , D Hardy , D Budding , P Vespa , D Hovda , D Mcarthur , D Plurad , J Fuster , K Boone , E Woo , M Wright 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
We examined the effects of attention/processing speed (APS) and executive functioning (EF) in Hispanic and Caucasian traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors and healthy comparison participants (HC).

Method
The sample consisted of 45 HC (21 Hispanics & 24 Caucasian), 28 acute TBI (ATBI; 10 Hispanics & 18 Caucasians), and 26 chronic TBI (CTBI; 9 Hispanics; 17 Caucasians) participants. ATBI participants were tested 6 months post-injury; CTBI participants were tested 12 months or more post-injury. Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) Oral, SDMT Written, Stroop Word, Stroop Color, and Trail Making Test (TMT) part A were used to create an APS composite (APSC) score. Stroop color-word, TMT part B, Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System verbal fluency composite score, and design fluency composite score were used to create an EF composite (EFC) score.

Results
ANOVAs were used to evaluate group differences. Main effects were found on APSC, p = .000, with HC and CTBI outperforming the ATBI group. Also, we found the HC group outperformed both TBI groups on EFC, p = .000. Furthermore, we found differences between racial/ethnic groups, with Caucasians outperforming Hispanics on EFC performance, p = .029. No interactions were found.

Conclusion
Overall, HC demonstrated better EF compared to both TBI groups, but only APS compared to the ATBI group. Also, CTBI survivors demonstrated better APS abilities compared to ATBI survivors. Our findings suggest improvement in APS during the later stages of TBI recovery. Finally, Caucasians demonstrated better EF compared to Hispanics.
A-147 Post-Concussive Symptoms in Adolescent Athletes with Premorbid Psychiatric History: A Matched Case–Control Study
Authors: C Presley , T Caze , T Tarkenton , M Stokes , S Miller , K Bell , H Batjer , M Cullum 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
To examine sport-related concussion (SRC) symptoms in adolescent athletes with premorbid psychiatric history (PPH+) compared to a matched control sample without such history (PPH-). It was hypothesized that adolescents with PPH+ would report higher symptom severity both initially and at 3-month follow-up.

Method
Participants aged 13–18 (M age = 14.9) who reported a psychiatric history (N = 29) presented to clinic within 7 days of sustaining a SRC. Subjects were matched to those without premorbid psychiatric history (N = 29) by age, sex, race, sport, and time to clinic ( 1 day). All participants (N = 58) completed the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) at initial visit and 3-month follow-up as part of the North Texas Concussion Registry (ConTex). Independent sample T tests compared PCSS total and cognitive/fatigue, vestibular, ocular, posttraumatic migraine, and anxiety/mood domain scores between groups across time points.

Results
Consistent with our hypothesis, the PPH+ group reported significantly higher PCSS total (M = 41.0/132 vs. M = 27.7/132; p = .02), posttraumatic migraine domain (M = 3.5/6 vs. M = 2.5/6; p = .03), and anxiety domain (M = 1.1/6 vs. M = 0.4/6; p = .002) severity at the initial evaluation. However, there were no significant differences in PCSS total (PPH+ M = 4.1/132 vs. PPH- M = 3.3/132) or domain scores at 3-month follow-up.

Conclusion(s)
After matching by age, sex, race, sport, and time to clinic, adolescents with self-endorsed PPH+ reported higher total symptom, posttraumatic migraine, and anxiety domain symptom severity immediately following SRC but not at 3-month follow-up. Findings suggest that adolescents with PPH+ may experience higher subjective levels of distress following SRC, although further research is needed to understand the role of recovery in this population.
A-153 Working Memory Performance and Brain Activity in the context of Opioid Withdrawal and Relapse
Authors: B Surprenant , K Grimone , T Wagner , H Sarles-Whittlesey , E Jones , D Herman , M Stein , L Sweet 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Working memory (WM) deficits are associated with opioid use disorder (OUD). However, little research addresses WM during withdrawal. We used the N-back WM paradigm to assess whether differences exist between persons in withdrawal versus stable opioid doses. We also examined whether N-back performance or associated brain activity during either withdrawal or satiation predict subsequent abstinence versus relapse.

Method
We evaluated N-Back performance and associated brain function of 20 OUD patients during 3 T fMRI. Participants were actively using opioids during the first scan (SOWS M = 8.10, SD = 9.22) and abstained 24 hours before the second scan (SOWS M = 28.26, SD = 11.64), buprenorphine treatment began afterwards. Twelve participants (age: M = 33.92, SD = 5.99) completed both scans and were included in within-subject contrasts. Sixteen participants (age: M = 34.38, SD = 5.38) completed at least one scan and were evaluated on whether brain activation or performance was associated with relapse.

Results
Paired-sample t-tests revealed no significant difference on N-back accuracy (0-back: t = 0.78, p = .45, d = 0.23; 2-back: t = −0.28, p = .78, d = 0.08) or brain activation (2-back versus 0-back) across regions of interest (ROIs) associated with WM in prior studies between satiated and abstinent assessments (ts &lt; 0.5, ps &gt; .05). Contrasting relapsing and abstinent groups at follow-up revealed no significant difference in N-back accuracy (0-back: t = −0.30, p = .77, d = 0.14; 2-back: t = 0.43, p = .67, d = 0.22) or associated ROI brain activation (ts &lt; 1.29, ps &gt; .05).

Conclusion
This is the first investigation of brain and behavioral measures of WM in opiate withdrawal and relapse. No significant differences were found, and effect sizes were small. Further research that investigates direct (compensatory activation) and task-indirect systems (default network, motivation) during cognitive challenges is needed.
A-165 Letter Versus Oject Naming: Exploring the Relationship Between Rapid Naming and Fluid Reasoning Ability
Authors: S Pieciak , Z Imre , M Kibby 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Fluid reasoning is associated with rapid naming (RN) ability in multiple studies (e.g., Mano et al., 2019), but less is known about which aspects of RN may be driving this relationship. Hence, the purpose of this study was to determine which is better associated with fluid reasoning ability: letter or object naming.

Method
Participants comprised 226 children, ages 8–12 years (88.5% Caucasian, 53.1% Male), who completed a larger, NIH-funded study (R03HD048752, R15HD065627), representing a community sample. They encompassed children with ADHD, reading disability (RD), RD/ADHD and controls. Measures administered included the CTOPP Letter and Object Naming subtests and the Test of Nonverbal Intelligence, Third Edition (TONI-3).

Results
Linear regression revealed RN predicted TONI-3 scores, F(2, 223) = 7.44, p = .001, but only object naming was significant (Beta = .26, p = .002). Separate regressions demonstrated that RN was not related to TONI-3 performance for controls (p = .12), nor for children with ADHD (p = .58). It displayed a trend for children with RD, F(2, 45) = 2.99, p = .06, with only object naming being significant (Beta = .44, p = .02).

Conclusions
Rapid object naming, but not rapid letter naming, is related to fluid reasoning ability in a mixed sample of children. Further analysis suggests that these findings were driven by children with RD. Future research should investigate whether the semantic or visual aspect of object naming, or both, is driving this relationship.
A-177 Relationship Between Family Members’ Subjective Ratings of Memory Decline and Objective Neuropsychological Test Performance
Authors: H Clark , R Schroeder , P Martin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
In cognitive domains such as memory, decline can manifest in several ways. The current study investigated how different memory changes reported by family members on a behavior rating scale were related to neuropsychological test performance. The study also examined if reported memory problems reflected memory impairment specifically, versus general cognitive dysfunction.

Method
Patients (n = 87, mean age = 73.0, mean education = 13.1 years) minimally completed the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) during dementia evaluations. Information from patients’ family members was obtained via a questionnaire asking about degrees of perceived change (no change, mild change, moderate change, or severe change) in “remembering conversations,” “repeating self,” and “misplacing items.” Spearman correlations were calculated between family members’ perceptions of change and cognitive dysfunction, measured by RBANS index scores.

Results
Perceived changes in misplacing items significantly correlated with RBANS Immediate Memory (rs = −.291, p = .008) and Delayed Memory (rs = −.261, p = .018) indices. The only other correlations that approached statistical significance were between remembering conversations and Immediate Memory (rs = −.209, p = .052) and repeating self and Delayed Memory (rs = −.208, p = .056). No correlations with other RBANS index scores approached statistical significance at p &lt; .05.

Conclusions
While not all results were statistically significant, trends among correlations between RBANS index scores and family-reported changes in patients remembering conversations, repeating themselves, and misplacing items suggest that when these terms are utilized on behavior rating scales, they possess both convergent and discriminant validity. Since misplacing items significantly correlated with both immediate and delayed memory dysfunction, changes in this area might be the most useful to assess on behavior rating scales.
A-184 Comparison of Performance on the Virtual Environment Grocery Store and the CVLT-II
Authors: S Shorter , A Coldiron , C Reed , T Glover , R Gutierrez , J Moore , T Parsons , M Barnett 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
The Virtual Environment Grocery Store (VEGS) was created to measure memory and everyday functional abilities (Parsons & McMahan, 2017). The objective of this study was to compare young adults’ recall of the VEGS shopping list with the CVLT-II in order to investigate what impact the virtual environment has on recall.

Methods
Young adults (ages 18–26, M = 18.90, SD = 1.60; N = 39) completed the VEGS and the CVLT-II.

Results
Young adults had higher recall on the CVLT-II than VEGS for immediate recall and delayed free recall, but there were no differences on delayed cued recall and delayed recognition.

Conclusion
Immediate and delayed free recall on the VEGS may be more difficult on the VEGS than the CVLT-II, perhaps reflecting the word length effect. The virtual environment may have allowed for deeper levels of processing, explaining the lack of differences on delayed cued recall and delayed recognition.