bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recommendations and guidelines for dentists using the basic erosive wear examination index (BEWE)
Authors: Aránguiz Vicente , Lara Juan Sebastián , Marró M. Loreto , O’Toole Saoirse , Ramírez Valeria , Bartlett David 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper explains how to screen tooth wear in general practice using the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) index. It explains how stakeholders in the UK acknowledged the convenience of the BEWE and that it could be recorded at the same time as the Basic Periodontal Examination (BPE). The article contains examples of anterior and posterior tooth wear for each BEWE score to help dentists in their evaluation.
Systematic selection between age and household structure for models aimed at emerging epidemic predictions
Authors: Pellis Lorenzo , Cauchemez Simon , Ferguson Neil M. , Fraser Christophe 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNumerous epidemic models have been developed to capture aspects of human contact patterns, making model selection challenging when they fit (often-scarce) early epidemic data equally well but differ in predictions. Here we consider the invasion of a novel directly transmissible infection and perform an extensive, systematic and transparent comparison of models with explicit age and/or household structure, to determine the accuracy loss in predictions in the absence of interventions when ignoring either or both social components. We conclude that, with heterogeneous and assortative contact patterns relevant to respiratory infections, the model’s age stratification is crucial for accurate predictions. Conversely, the household structure is only needed if transmission is highly concentrated in households, as suggested by an empirical but robust rule of thumb based on household secondary attack rate. This work serves as a template to guide the simplicity/accuracy trade-off in designing models aimed at initial, rapid assessment of potential epidemic severity.
Schizophrenia-related microdeletion causes defective ciliary motility and brain ventricle enlargement via microRNA-dependent mechanisms in mice
Authors: Eom Tae-Yeon , Han Seung Baek , Kim Jieun , Blundon Jay A. , Wang Yong-Dong , Yu Jing , Anderson Kara , Kaminski Damian B. , Sakurada Sadie Miki , Pruett-Miller Shondra M. , Horner Linda , Wagner Ben , Robinson Camenzind G. , Eicholtz Matthew , Rose Derek C. , Zakharenko Stanislav S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractProgressive ventricular enlargement, a key feature of several neurologic and psychiatric diseases, is mediated by unknown mechanisms. Here, using murine models of 22q11-deletion syndrome (22q11DS), which is associated with schizophrenia in humans, we found progressive enlargement of lateral and third ventricles and deceleration of ciliary beating on ependymal cells lining the ventricular walls. The cilia-beating deficit observed in brain slices and in vivo is caused by elevated levels of dopamine receptors (Drd1), which are expressed in motile cilia. Haploinsufficiency of the microRNA-processing gene Dgcr8 results in Drd1 elevation, which is brought about by a reduction in Drd1-targeting microRNAs miR-382-3p and miR-674-3p. Replenishing either microRNA in 22q11DS mice normalizes ciliary beating and ventricular size. Knocking down the microRNAs or deleting their seed sites on Drd1 mimicked the cilia-beating and ventricular deficits. These results suggest that the Dgcr8–miR-382-3p/miR-674-3p–Drd1 mechanism contributes to deceleration of ciliary motility and age-dependent ventricular enlargement in 22q11DS.
Capsid protein structure in Zika virus reveals the flavivirus assembly process
Authors: Tan Ter Yong , Fibriansah Guntur , Kostyuchenko Victor A. , Ng Thiam-Seng , Lim Xin-Xiang , Zhang Shuijun , Lim Xin-Ni , Wang Jiaqi , Shi Jian , Morais Marc C. , Corti Davide , Lok Shee-Mei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStructures of flavivirus (dengue virus and Zika virus) particles are known to near-atomic resolution and show detailed structure and arrangement of their surface proteins (E and prM in immature virus or M in mature virus). By contrast, the arrangement of the capsid proteins:RNA complex, which forms the core of the particle, is poorly understood, likely due to inherent dynamics. Here, we stabilize immature Zika virus via an antibody that binds across the E and prM proteins, resulting in a subnanometer resolution structure of capsid proteins within the virus particle. Fitting of the capsid protein into densities shows the presence of a helix previously thought to be removed via proteolysis. This structure illuminates capsid protein quaternary organization, including its orientation relative to the lipid membrane and the genomic RNA, and its interactions with the transmembrane regions of the surface proteins. Results show the capsid protein plays a central role in the flavivirus assembly process.
Realization of all-optical vortex switching in exciton-polariton condensates
Authors: Ma Xuekai , Berger Bernd , Aßmann Marc , Driben Rodislav , Meier Torsten , Schneider Christian , Höfling Sven , Schumacher Stefan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractVortices are topological objects representing the circular motion of a fluid. With their additional degree of freedom, the vorticity, they have been widely investigated in many physical systems and different materials for fundamental interest and for applications in data storage and information processing. Vortices have also been observed in non-equilibrium exciton-polariton condensates in planar semiconductor microcavities. There they appear spontaneously or can be created and pinned in space using ring-shaped optical excitation profiles. However, using the vortex state for information processing not only requires creation of a vortex but also efficient control over the vortex after its creation. Here we demonstrate a simple approach to control and switch a localized polariton vortex between opposite states. In our scheme, both the optical control of vorticity and its detection through the orbital angular momentum of the emitted light are implemented in a robust and practical manner.
Structural basis of mammalian high-mannose N-glycan processing by human gut Bacteroides
Authors: Trastoy Beatriz , Du Jonathan J. , Klontz Erik H. , Li Chao , Cifuente Javier O. , Wang Lai-Xi , Sundberg Eric J. , Guerin Marcelo E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe human gut microbiota plays a central role not only in regulating the metabolism of nutrients but also promoting immune homeostasis, immune responses and protection against pathogen colonization. The genome of the Gram-negative symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, a dominant member of the human intestinal microbiota, encodes polysaccharide utilization loci PULs, the apparatus required to orchestrate the degradation of a specific glycan. EndoBT-3987 is a key endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ENGase) that initiates the degradation/processing of mammalian high-mannose-type (HM-type) N-glycans in the intestine. Here, we provide structural snapshots of EndoBT-3987, including the unliganded form, the EndoBT-3987-Man9GlcNAc2Asn substrate complex, and two EndoBT-3987-Man9GlcNAc and EndoBT-3987-Man5GlcNAc product complexes. In combination with alanine scanning mutagenesis and activity measurements we unveil the molecular mechanism of HM-type recognition and specificity for EndoBT-3987 and an important group of the GH18 ENGases, including EndoH, an enzyme extensively used in biotechnology, and for which the mechanism of substrate recognition was largely unknown.
Identifying Leadership Characteristics from Social Media Data during Natural Hazards using Personality Traits
Authors: Agarwal Amit , Toshniwal Durga 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWith the availability of smart devices and affordable data plans, social media platforms have become the primary source of information dissemination across geographically dispersed users/locations. It has shown great potential across different application domains including event detection, opinion analysis, recommendation, and prediction. However, the process of extracting useful information from the collected voluminous social media data during natural hazards is a standing problem that needs significant attention from the research community. The fine-grained knowledge detailing users’ participation in information spreading could be advantageous in developing a reliable social network for the adverse events (Natural Hazards, Man-made attacks etc.). However, there has been no such findings related to identification of leader and their leadership characteristics associated with natural hazards in previous studies. We have collected 20.6 million tweets which were posted by 5.3 million users, during distinct devastating hazards namely - Floods, Hurricane, Earthquake and Typhoons. To achieve the goal, we divided our work in to three parts. Firstly, classify the collected crises data into four domains i.e resource, causality, news, and sympathy by employing deeper recurrent neural network model. Secondly, we used statistical physics of complex network to recognize local as well as global prominent leaders. At last, we curate leadership characteristics in terms of their big five personality traits and emotional traits. Our experimental, results find evidence that local leadership behaviour characteristics are significantly different from global potentials. Where as we also finds that some behaviour traits were certain to classified domains (resource, causality, news, and sympathy) and some were certain to hazard divisions, though emotional characteristics remained consistent. Later, we conclude that local potentials leaders have comparatively higher emotional strength. Furthermore, when the complete local network structure is unavailable, we find that the dynamic rank is reliable indexing proxy for local potentials. The current study, provide useful insight to understand how leadership characteristics are influenced to hazards, domains and centrality of users.
Ultrashort-range, high-frequency communication by female mice shapes social interactions
Authors: Warren M. R. , Clein R. S. , Spurrier M. S. , Roth E. D. , Neunuebel J. P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAnimals engage in complex social encounters that influence social groups and resource allocation. During these encounters, acoustic signals, used at both short and long ranges, play pivotal roles in regulating the behavior of conspecifics. Mice, for instance, emit ultrasonic vocalizations, signals above the range of human hearing, during close-range social interactions. How these signals shape behavior, however, is unknown due to the difficulty in discerning which mouse in a group is vocalizing. To overcome this impediment, we used an eight-channel microphone array system to determine which mouse emitted individual vocal signals during 30 minutes of unrestrained social interaction between a female and a single male or female conspecific. Females modulated both the timing and context of vocal emission based upon their social partner. Compared to opposite-sex pairings, females in same-sex pairs vocalized when closer to a social partner and later in the 30 minutes of social engagement. Remarkably, we found that female mice exhibited no immediate changes in acceleration (movement) to male-emitted vocal signals. Both males and females, in contrast, modulated their behavior following female-emitted vocal signals in a context-dependent manner. Thus, our results suggest female vocal signals function as a means of ultrashort-range communication that shapes mouse social behavior.
Explicit Sequence Memory in Recall of Temporally-structured Episodes
Authors: Stern Yonatan , Katz Ron , Sadeh Talya 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe order in which events unfold over time is an important scaffold aiding recollection. This study asks whether explicit order memory is enhanced for items sharing similar internally-driven temporal contexts. To tap internally-driven temporal context, we capitalized on the Temporal Contiguity Effect whereby recollection of one item promotes recall of adjacently-encoded items. We compared pairs encoded and retrieved contiguously (cont-enc-ret), whose items share internally-driven temporal contexts, to pairs retrieved, but not encoded, contiguously (cont-ret) and to pairs encoded, but not retrieved, contiguously (cont-enc). Cont-enc-ret pairs exhibited superior relative order over cont-ret pairs, supporting accounts emphasizing shared temporal context as opposed to temporal distinctiveness in driving sequence memory. No difference was found in absolute order between the pair types, in line with theories suggesting a dissociation between relative and absolute order. Additionally, cont-enc-ret and cont-enc pairs exhibited equivalent relative order, supporting the role of encoding as opposed to retrieval in the enhancement of relative order. Finally, cont-enc-ret pairs were perceived as closer than cont-enc pairs, supporting the claim that cont-enc-ret pairs constitute part of a temporally-coherent episode. Together, these results implicate internally-driven temporal context in the formation of temporally-structured episodes that enhances sequence memory of the items within the episode.
Seasonal simulated photoperiods influence melatonin release and immune markers of pike perch Sander lucioperca
Authors: Baekelandt Sébastien , Milla Sylvain , Cornet Valérie , Flamion Enora , Ledoré Yannick , Redivo Baptiste , Antipine Sascha , Mandiki Syaghalirwa N. M. , Houndji Alexis , El Kertaoui Najlae , Kestemont Patrick 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMelatonin is considered as the time-keeping hormone acting on important physiological functions of teleosts. While the influence of melatonin on reproduction and development is well described, its potential role on immune functions has little been considered. In order to better define an immune modulation by the melatonin hormone, we hypothesized that natural variations of photoperiod and subsequent changes in melatonin release profile may act on immune status of pikeperch. Therefore, we investigated during 70 days the effects of two photoperiod regimes simulating the fall and spring in western Europe, on pikeperch physiological and immune responses. Samples were collected at 04:00 and 15:00 at days 1, 37 and 70. Growth, plasma melatonin levels, innate immune markers and expression of immune-relevant genes in head kidney tissue were assessed. While growth and stress level were not affected by the seasonal simulated photoperiods, nocturnal levels of plasma melatonin were photoperiod-dependent. Innate immune markers, including lysozyme, complement, peroxidase and phagocytic activities, were stimulated by the fall-simulated photoperiod and a significant correlation was made with plasma melatonin. In addition to bring the first evidence of changes in fish immunocompetence related to photoperiod, our results provide an additional indication supporting the immunomodulatory action of melatonin in teleosts.
Conformational perturbation, allosteric modulation of cellular signaling pathways, and disease in P23H rhodopsin
Authors: Woods Kristina N. , Pfeffer Jürgen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this investigation we use THz spectroscopy and MD simulation to study the functional dynamics and conformational stability of P23H rhodopsin. The P23H mutation of rod opsin is the most common cause of human binding autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (ADRP), but the precise mechanism by which this mutation leads to photoreceptor cell degeneration has not yet been elucidated. Our measurements confirm conformational instability in the global modes of the receptor and an active-state that uncouples the torsional dynamics of the retinal with protein functional modes, indicating inefficient signaling in P23H and a drastically altered mechanism of activation when contrasted with the wild-type receptor. Further, our MD simulations indicate that P23H rhodopsin is not functional as a monomer but rather, due to the instability of the mutant receptor, preferentially adopts a specific homodimerization motif. The preferred homodimer configuration induces structural changes in the receptor tertiary structure that reduces the affinity of the receptor for the retinal and significantly modifies the interactions of the Meta-II signaling state. We conjecture that the formation of the specific dimerization motif of P23H rhodopsin represents a cellular-wide signaling perturbation that is directly tied with the mechanism of P23H disease pathogenesis. Our results also support a direct role for rhodopsin P23H dimerization in photoreceptor rod death.
Complex System Analysis of Korean Peninsula Earthquake Data
Authors: Chae Sangwon , Jang Suyoung , Lee Sangmok , Lee Donghyun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEarthquakes are natural disasters that cause damage in a wide range of regions and represent a complex system that does not have a clear causal relationship with specific observable factors. This research analyzes the earthquake activities on the Korean Peninsula with respect to spatial and temporal factors. Using logarithmic regression analysis, we showed that the relationship between the location of the earthquake and its frequency in these locations follows a power law distribution. In addition, we showed that since 1998 the average earthquake magnitude has decreased from 3.0143 to 2.5433 and the frequency has risen by 3.98 times. Finally, the spatial analysis revealed significantly concentrated earthquake activities in a few particular areas and showed that earthquake occurrence points have shifted southeast. This research showed the change in earthquake dynamics and concentration of earthquake activities in particular regions over time. This finding implies the necessity of further research on spatially-derived earthquake policies on the change of earthquake dynamics.
Sappanone A alleviates hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocytes injury through inhibition of mitochondrial apoptosis and activation of PI3K–Akt–Gsk-3β pathway
Authors: Shi Xiaojing , Tao Guizhou , Ji Lili , Tian Ge 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a complex pathophysiological process involved with the activation of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Sappanone A (SA), a homoisoflavanone isolated from the heartwood of Caesalpinia sappan L., could exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities. Therefore, we assumed that SA has a potential use for preventing against MIRI. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of SA treatment on MIRI and its mechanism. Cardiomyocytes (H9c2 cells) were treated with SA for 1 h, followed by 6 h of hypoxia/3 h of reoxygenation. Cell viability assay was detected by CCK-8 assay. Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry and Hoechst staining. Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) were measured by spectrophotometry and JC-1 staining. The changes of mitochondrial apoptosis-related proteins and PI3K–Akt–Gsk-3β signaling pathway were evaluated by Western blotting. The results showed that SA pretreatment enhanced the cell viability and decreased the activity of myocardial enzyme in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, SA pretreatment significantly inhibited apoptosis, blocked mPTP opening, suppressed the release of ΔΨm, prevented the cytochrome c releasing from mitochondria into cytoplasm, and repressed the cleavage of caspase-9 and caspase-3. Furthermore, SA pretreatment increased the phosphorylation levels of Akt and Gsk-3β but not of Stat-3. Meanwhile, the protective effect of SA was abrogated by PI3K inhibitor (LY294002). In conclusion, our results demonstrate that SA could prevent hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocytes injury through inhibition of mitochondrial apoptosis and activation of PI3K–Akt–Gsk-3β pathway. Thus, SA may have a potential use for the prevention of MIRI.
Wnt/β-catenin signaling as an emerging potential key pharmacological target in cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Guo-Feng , Qiu Ling , Yang Shu-Li , Wu Jia-Cheng , Liu Tong-Jun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a fatal malignant tumor of biliary epithelial cells involving intra- or extra-hepatic bile ducts. The prognosis of CCA is generally poor due to its diagnosis at the late stages. The currently employed chemotherapeutic agents do not increase the survival rate in patients with unresectable CCA. Accordingly, there is a need to identify new therapeutic agents for the effective management of intra- and extra-hepatic CCA. Clinical as well as preclinical studies have suggested the key role of the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the induction and progression of CCA. There is an up-regulation of different Wnt ligands including Wnt2, Wnt3, Wnt5, Wnt7 and Wnt10 along with redistribution of β-catenin (more expression in the nucleus and lesser on the cell surface due to nuclear translocation of β-catenin) in different types of malignant biliary tumors. Apart from the role of this pathway in the induction and progression of CCA, this pathway is also involved in inducing multidrug resistance by inducing the expression of P-glycoprotein efflux pump on the cancer cells. These deleterious effects of Wnt/β-catenin signaling are mediated in association with other signaling pathways involving microRNAs (miRNAs), PI3K/AKT/PTEN/GSK-3β, retinoic acid receptors (RARs), dickkopf-1 (DKK1), protein kinase A regulatory subunit 1 α (PRKAR1A/PKAI), (SLAP), liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and CXCR4. The selective inhibitors of Wnt/β-catenin signaling may be potentially employed to overcome multidrug-resistant, fatal CCA. The present review discusses the role of Wnt/β-catenin along with its relation with other signaling pathways in the induction and progression of CCA.
SLC39A7, regulated by miR-139-5p, induces cell proliferation, migration and inhibits apoptosis in gastric cancer via Akt/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Yanting , Bai Jie , Si Wangli , Yuan Shanshan , Li Yijun , Chen Xiaolu 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
As a zinc transporter, SLC39A7 (zip7) is vital in intestinal epithelial self-renewal, and recent studies suggested that SLC39A7 was related to cancer progression. Whereas, little is known about the role of SLC39A7 in gastric cancer (GC). In the present study, qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that SLC39A7 mRNA level was increased in both GC tissues and cell lines. Overexpressing SLC39A7 boosted cell proliferation and migration, while inhibited apoptosis in GC. It was also found that si-SLC39A7 suppressed Akt/mTOR pathway and activation of Akt/mTOR pathway reversed the effects of si-SLC39A7 on GC development. Through prediction website, we found that SLC39A7 was directly regulated by miR-139-5p. miR-139-5p mimic had adverse effects on SLC39A7 expression and influence in the GC cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis by Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, while miR-139-5p inhibitor showed opposite effects. To conclude, our studies showed that SLC39A7 was negatively regulated by miR-139-5p. Besides, SLC39A7 positively regulated GC development through Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. These results indicate that SLC39A7 may be a candidate target gene for GC treatment.