bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pseudotargeted screening and determination of constituents in Qishen granule based on compound biosynthetic correlation using UHPLC coupled with high‐resolution MS
Authors: Li Yueting , Liu Jie , Su Rubin , Li Qian , Chen Yijun , Yang Jiao , Zhao Shujun , Jia Zhixin , Xiao Hongbin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDetection and determination of many known/unknown compounds in traditional Chinese medicines have always been challenging. To comprehensively identify compounds in Qishen granule, which is a widely prescribed herbal formula for treating chronic heart failure, a pseudotargeted screening method was proposed based on compound biosynthetic correlation using ultra high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with high‐resolution mass spectrometry. Firstly, all possible compounds of Qishen granule were classified into nine types according to their core skeletons, and potential analogue molecular formulas were predicted according to core compound‐related biosynthetic correlations, such as methylation, hydroxylation, and glucosidation. Secondly, nine pseudocompound databases consisting of core compounds, deduced biosynthetic correlations, and predicted analogue molecular formulas were established. Then, compounds of interest were directly located by pseudotargeted screening of high resolution mass spectrometry data and further verified by target tandem mass spectrometry. As a result, 213 constituents were identified and 21 of them were determined as potential new compounds. This demonstrated that pseudotargeted screening based on compound biosynthetic correlations significantly facilitated the processing of extremely large information data and improved the efficiency of compound identification. This research provided essential data for exploration of effective substances in Qishen granule and enriched the methodology for comprehensive characterization of constituents in complex traditional Chinese medicines.
Relationship between macropores and soil organic carbon fractions under long‐term organic manure application
Authors: Xu Lingying , Wang Meiyan , Tian Yutian , Shi Xuezheng , Shi Yijie , Yu Quanbo , Xu Shengxiang , Pan Jinhua , Li Xiangwei , Xie Xinqiao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGreenhouse vegetable production systems converted from cereal fields often experience a decrease in soil aeration due to intensive land use. Organic fertilization is a method commonly used to solve this problem. Although previous studies have considered soil organic carbon (SOC) or soil pores under organic cultivation, the relationship between SOC fractions and soil macropores is unknown. This study analysed the long‐term progressive variations in soil macropore (>50 μm) and SOC fraction characteristics in organic greenhouse vegetable plantations (1‐year‐old, 9‐year‐old, and 14‐year‐old fields) converted from rice–wheat rotation fields and established the relationship with X‐ray computed tomography scanning and 13C solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results suggested that the total macroporosity increased from 7.95% to 16.36% throughout the whole organic plantation, and a similar trend occurred in small (50–500 μm) and medium (500–1,000 μm) macroporosity. Besides, the total SOC content and the contents of its fractions increased with organic planting time. With the total macroporosity exhibiting significant associations with SOC (r = .81**), the relative proportion of O–alkyl C (r = −.94**), and the relative proportion of aromatic C (r = .89**), a lower O–alkyl C proportion of SOC might help to increase macroporosity. A similar relationship was found between the relative proportion of SOC fractions and the macroporosity. The O–alkyl C proportion had significantly negative relations with aromatic C (r = −.94**) and SOC (r = .84**). Overall, both SOC and its fractions can help to improve soil macroporosity, but the effects of different fractions on these pores vary.
Landscape‐scale spatial modelling of deforestation, land degradation, and regeneration using machine learning tools
Authors: Grinand Clovis , Vieilledent Ghislain , Razafimbelo Tantely , Rakotoarijaona Jean‐Roger , Nourtier Marie , Bernoux Martial 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLand degradation and regeneration are complex processes that greatly impact climate regulation, ecosystem service provision, and population well‐being and require an urgent and appropriate response through land use planning and interventions. Spatially explicit land change models can greatly help decision makers, but traditional regression approaches fail to capture the nonlinearity and complex interactions of the underlying drivers. Our objective was to use a machine learning algorithm combined with high‐resolution data sets to provide simultaneous and spatial forecasts of deforestation, land degradation, and regeneration for the next two decades. A 17,000‐km2 region in the south of Madagascar was taken as the study area. First, an empirical analysis of drivers of change was conducted, and then, an ensemble model was calibrated to predict and map potential changes based on 12 potential explanatory variables. These potential change maps were used to draw three scenarios of land change while considering past trends in intensity of change and expert knowledge. Historical observations displayed clear patterns of land degradation and relatively low regeneration. Amongst the 12 potential explanatory variables, distance to forest edge and elevation were the most important for the three land transitions studied. Random forest showed slightly better prediction ability compared with maximum entropy and generalized linear model. Business‐as‐usual scenarios highlighted the large areas under deforestation and degradation threat, and an alternative scenario enabled the location of suitable areas for regeneration. The approach developed herein and the spatial outputs provided can help stakeholders target their interventions or develop large‐scale sustainable land management strategies.
Structural and Optical Properties of Triclinic CuWO4 Prepared by Solid‐State Reaction Technique
Authors: Yadav Pritam , Sinha Ela 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCopper tungstate CuWO4 ceramic is prepared by solid‐state reaction route at 850 °C for 3 h. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) study proves that the synthesized composition possesses a monophasic triclinic structure with space group . The structural analysis (crystal symmetry and unit cell parameters) is investigated systematically using Rietveld refinement of the XRD patterns. Scanning electron microscope analysis of the sintered ceramics reveals the formation of dense microstructure with non‐uniform grains. The 16 active vibrational modes are observed in Raman spectra from 100 to 1000 cm−1. UV–vis absorption spectra revealed a direct allowed transition with band gap Eg = 2.23 eV. The photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra show intense yellow emission at room temperature. These results suggest the applications of CuWO4 as photocatalysts, photoanodes, and phosphors.
Photometric Study of the Interaction of Zinc (II) Complexes of Schiff Bases with Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide
Authors: Rai Sristi Raj , Sarkar Anwita , Pandey Akshaya , Dasgupta Sanchari , Majumder Ishani , Das Debasis , Bose Debosreeta , Mukhopadhyay Madhumita 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA detailed photophysical behavioral study of zinc (II) complexes of Schiff bases 2,6‐bis((E)‐((2‐(dimethylamino) ethyl)imino)methyl)‐4‐R‐phenol, where R = methyl (1)/isopropyl (2)/tertiary butyl (3)/chloro (4) for ligands 1 to 4 (HL1 to HL4) have been done by utilising the surfactant cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide as the biomimicking environment. Steady state absorption and emission studies have been studied to investigate the course of deciphering of the photophysical behavior of the complexes. The study reveals modification of the photophysical properties of the complexes based on the effect of polarity of the micellar environment. The studies reported in the present investigation describe the initial reduction of fluorescent intensity of all the four complexes followed by an escalation in intensity. The binding constant values reveal that the Schiff bases bind to the micellar compartment. The course of binding is however found to be dependent on the functional group of the ligand which is studied and reported in the present context.
High Purity Graphene Oxide Using Electrochemical Synthesis and Its Application
Authors: Konwar Subhrajit , Dhapola Pawan S. , Gupta Meenal , Singh Ram Chandra , Singh Pramod K 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn order to fabricate a highly efficient super capacitor, a noble material, graphene oxide (GO), is synthesized by simple electrochemical synthesis method. The chosen source material is an ordinary graphite rod extracted from Nippo battery. Raman spectroscopy as well as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy affirms the formation of highly pure GO. The super capacitor is fabricated with prepared graphene oxide based electrodes and ionic liquid as electrolyte and tissue paper as separator. The prepared cell shows promising results, a high capacitance value of 78.82 F g−1 at 20 mV s−1 scan rate. The prepared cell is also tested after 30 days in order to determine its stability and performance.
Comparative Study on Electrical Behavior of Silicon/Fullerene/CuI Dispersed Composite Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Saxena Amit , Bhattacharya Bhaskar 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper presents the comparative study of electrical characterization for Si/C60/CuI dispersed composite polymer electrolyte thin films. Thin polymer films are prepared for different wt% of dispersoid with the host polymer electrolyte (PEO: NaI) matrix. Si and CuI are used as procured and C60 is prepared in the laboratory and the same has been verified with NMR data sheet. Furthermore, the prepared films are subjected to structural and electrical characterization. The composite nature of the films is verified with the X‐ray diffraction and Fourier Transform Infrared. The complex impedance spectroscopy is used to analyze the electrical conductivity of the samples. The polarization technique is performed to calculate the transference of ion (T¬ion). The concentration and mobility of charge carries are calculated to explain and to support the change in conductivity.
Medium‐range global ensemble prediction system at 12 km horizontal resolution and its preliminary validation
Authors: Mamgain Ashu , Sarkar Abhijit , Rajagopal E. N. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractForecasts of high‐impact weather systems require sufficiently high resolution of state‐of‐the‐art numerical models in order to resolve the small‐scale features. At the National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF) in India, a global ensemble prediction system (EPS—called the NEPS) has been implemented operationally at 12 km horizontal grid size. The NEPS configuration is based on the UK Met Office Global and Regional Ensemble Prediction System (MOGREPS). Initial condition perturbations are generated by the ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF) method. Model uncertainties are taken care of by stochastic kinetic energy backscatter (SKEB) and random parameters (RP) schemes. Forecast perturbations obtained from 6 hr short forecasts of 22 ensemble members are updated by the ETKF four times a day (0000, 0600, 1200 and 1800 UTC). Perturbations of surface parameters such as sea‐surface temperature, soil moisture content and soil temperature are also included in the new NEPS. The NEPS aims to provide 10 day probabilistic long forecasts using 23 ensemble members (22 perturbed plus one control). The long forecast provided at 0000 UTC is the combination of 11 members from the 0000 UTC cycle and lagged 11 members from the 1200 UTC cycle. The new NEPS shows improvements in terms of forecast agreement among the members in comparison with the previously operational NEPS that was running at 33 km horizontal grid size with 44 perturbed members. The ratio between the root mean square error of the ensemble mean and ensemble spread as a function of lead time has improved in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres in the new NEPS.
The effectiveness of hydrodistension and physiotherapy following previously failed conservative management of frozen shoulder in a UK primary care centre
Authors: Rae Glen C. , Clark Jill , Wright Matthew , Chesterton Paul 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is a lack of evidence on the clinical effectiveness of hydrodistension for frozen shoulder following failed conservative management.MethodsA total of 90 patients opted for hydrodistension following failed initial treatment which included physiotherapy and at least one corticosteroid injection. Shoulder pain and function were assessed at baseline, and 6, 12 and 24 weeks using the Shoulder Pain Disability Index (SPADI), The Upper Extremity Functional Index (UEFI) and a visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain. Active ranges of motion were assessed at baseline, post‐24 hr and discharge.ResultsWe observed clinically important improvements in pain (VAS −5.5; 90% confidence interval [CI] −6.0 to −5.0; SPADI pain, −20; 90% CI−23 to −17) and function (UEFI 23; 90% CI 19 to 26; SPADI disability, −32; 90% CI −36 to −28) at 6 weeks. These improvements remained clearly substantial at 24 weeks. Active range of motion improved substantially post‐24 hr (flexion 20, 90% CI 18 to 23; lateral rotation 14, 90% CI 12 to 16; abduction 22, 90% CI 19 to 25) and at discharge (flexion 37, 90% CI 33 to 41; lateral rotation 24, 90% CI 21 to 27; abduction 44, 90% CI 38 to 50).DiscussionThis single‐arm observational study suggests that hydrodistension is an effective treatment of frozen shoulder within a UK primary care setting when standard treatment has failed.
Using Radiotelemetry to Evaluate Poststocking Survival and Behavior of Large Fingerling Walleye in Three Iowa, USA, Lakes
Authors: Weber Michael J. , Weber Robert E. , Ball Emily E. , Meerbeek Jonathan R. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Stocking Walleye Sander vitreus is a common management tool to augment populations where natural reproduction is limited. Some hatcheries have progressively raised larger fingerling Walleye to improve poststocking survival; however, little is known about the poststocking survival and behavior of large fingerling Walleye. We sought to evaluate the poststocking daily apparent survival, depth use, dispersal, and home range size of large fingerling Walleye (&gt;200 mm TL) in three Iowa, USA, lakes. Walleye (209–265 mm; n = 15 per lake [45 fish total]) were implanted with radio tags, stocked on October 26–30, 2017, and tracked until May 30, 2018. Cormack–Jolly–Seber recapture models estimated that Walleye apparent survival increased with days poststocking and fish length, resulting in 76% (95% CI = 44–89%) cumulative survival by May. Walleye in Brushy Creek Lake were located in deeper water (mean ± SE = 5.1 ± 0.2 m) than those in Big Creek Lake (3.3 ± 0.2 m) or East Okoboji Lake (1.7 ± 0.1 m), but depth use did not vary with days poststocking. Walleye dispersed an average of 1,355 ± 234 m within 13 d across all lakes, with home range size being larger in Big Creek Lake (mean ± SE = 67.9 ± 21.7 ha) than in Brushy Creek Lake (15.5 ± 15.7 ha) or East Okoboji Lake (31.0 ± 14.0 ha). Our results indicate that Walleye poststocking survival is high overall, with most mortality occurring within 20 d as Walleye are dispersing, suggesting that managers should focus on improving survival during this critical period to improve stocking success.
Using Common Age Units to Communicate the Relative Catch of Red Snapper in Recreational, Commercial, and Shrimp Fisheries in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Putman Nathan F. , Gallaway Benny J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The natural mortality rates and fecundity of Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus vary substantially by age, so the age composition of catch is an important consideration when quantifying the relative effects of catch on the Red Snapper population across different fisheries. For example, the shrimp fishery catches many (but younger) Red Snapper, whereas directed commercial and recreational fisheries catch fewer (but older) individuals. We propose a simple approach for comparing catch across sectors. Fish that are caught can be scaled to a common age by multiplying or dividing by natural mortality rates so that the catch data can then be reported in “common age units.” Applying this approach to the catch data from the 2018 Red Snapper stock assessment, we showed that the shrimp-trawl bycatch typically accounts for &lt;10% of the relative catch, the commercial sectors account for ~32%, and the recreational sectors are responsible for ~59%. We believe that the effective management of Red Snapper requires regulation and oversight of each fishery that is proportional to its effect on the population. Given the apparently large influence of recreational fisheries on Red Snapper populations, recent management changes that delegate state-by-state control over important aspects of the recreational fishery (Amendment 50) should be accompanied by efforts to improve the understanding of this sector's interactions with Red Snapper.
Interactions between Marine Growth and Life History Diversity of Steelhead from the Situk River, Alaska
Authors: Catterson Matthew R. , Love David C. , Sutton Trent M. , McPhee Megan V. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Steelhead (the anadromous form of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss) exhibit a complex life history that is described by variable freshwater and ocean residency and maturation schedules. This diversity confers resilience but complicates their monitoring and management. The Situk River in Southeast Alaska has the longest running set of biological data and scale samples for steelhead in the state, and it is of particular interest because it supports the largest known population of steelhead in Alaska and is free of hatchery influence. We used a retrospective analysis of scales that were collected from 525 individuals over 11 years (1999–2012) to examine the relationships among freshwater growth, early ocean growth, and life history in a mixed-effects modeling framework. Specifically, we examined the relationships among annual growth stanzas and adult length and we determined how age at maturity varied by sex and growth history while allowing these relationships to vary randomly among calendar years of growth. Within individuals, freshwater and first ocean-year growth were positively correlated, while second ocean-year growth was negatively correlated with earlier growth stanzas. Early-maturing steelhead (returning after two ocean years) grew more quickly during their first ocean year, and they then grew more slowly during their second ocean year and attained smaller adult length than did later-maturing steelhead (those that returned after three ocean years). Second ocean-year growth was more variable than first ocean-year growth and adult length were. Males tended to mature earlier than females did, and later-maturing males attained larger freshwater growth than their earlier-maturing male counterparts did and grew larger in overall length than did females. Our analyses identified divergent growth trajectories that were associated with age at maturity that began in freshwater periods but were most pronounced during early ocean residency. We found retrospective scale-growth analysis to be a useful tool for better understanding the connections between ocean growth and demography in this important sport fish.
Short-Term Distribution Patterns of Young-of-the-Year Fish Assemblages between the Main Stem and Affiliated Lakes in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, China
Authors: Cheng Fei , Schmidt Bjorn , Qin Jiao , Xie Songuang , Li Wei 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Survival of fish in the first year is critical in determining the year-class strength of fish populations. In river–floodplain ecosystems, affiliated lakes (i.e., floodplain lakes that are hydrologically connected to the river) play a crucial role as nursery habitats for young-of-the-year (age-0) fish. However, most lakes in the river–floodplain ecosystem of the Yangtze River, China, have been disconnected. Data on age-0 fish distribution are important for developing appropriate strategies for management and conservation of fish populations in the river. We investigated the distribution patterns of age-0 fish in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Overall, 33 species were collected from four main-stem reaches (29 species) and two lakes (32 species) connected with the main stem from July to September in 2010 and 2011. The CPUE and species richness of age-0 fish were higher in the lakes; age-0 species richness showed an increasing trend in a downstream direction along the main stem. Analysis of similarities revealed that significant differences in assemblage structure of age-0 fish occurred mainly among sampling sites. The higher CPUE and species richness of age-0 fish in the lakes indicate the importance of connected lakes as age-0 fish nursery habitats. We also found abundant age-0 fish in the main stem and a relationship between spatial patterns of age-0 fish with site proximity to the Three Gorges Dam, similar to previously observed spatial patterns in larval fishes. These results indicate the importance of the main stem as age-0 fish nursery habitat and the effects of the dam on age-0 fish distribution. This study presents the first data on age-0 fish in the Yangtze River, thus providing a baseline for future age-0 fish research. It also provides essential information for management and conservation measures, such as restoring the lateral connectivity between the main stem and disconnected lakes and guidelines for ecological operation of the dam.
An atmospheric pressure non‐self‐sustained glow discharge in between metal/metal and metal/liquid electrodes
Authors: Sremački Ivana , Gromov Mikhail , Leys Christophe , Morent Rino , Snyders Rony , Nikiforov Anton 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNon‐thermal plasmas operating at high pressure attract increasing attention for a variety of applications as an alternative to conventional chemical processes. In this study, an atmospheric pressure direct current non‐self‐sustained discharge in nitrogen is investigated as a source of non‐thermal plasma capable of operating in a glow regime. The discharge is sustained between an internal source of ionization and a metal or liquid electrode and studied by electrical diagnostics as well as by spectroscopy methods. The work is focused on the determination of the discharge properties including vibrational and gas temperature. The effect of the liquid electrode on the discharge properties is studied and analyzed. The mechanisms of the discharge sustaining and pathways of nitrogen state excitation are discussed.