bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poor health, low mortality? Paradox found among immigrants in England and Wales
Authors: Wallace Matthew , Darlington‐Pollock Fran 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe 'healthy immigrant effect' and 'migrant mortality advantage' describe the better health and lower mortality of international immigrants as compared with the native‐born populations of high‐income countries. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that it is much more common to observe low mortality among immigrants than it is good health, pointing to the existence of a potential paradox that mirrors the well‐known gender paradox in health and mortality. To investigate this, we used the Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study, a large‐scale representative 1% sample of the England and Wales resident population comprising linked individual‐level health, mortality, and socio‐demographic data. We compared health and mortality within and across major immigrant groups over 20 years using logistic regression for health and discrete‐time survival analysis for mortality, both before and after adjusting for socio‐demographic factors. Of the eight origin subgroups studied, we found persistent evidence of a health‐mortality paradox within three: men and women from India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, and the Caribbean. We discuss potential explanations and implications of this paradox and suggest that decision makers need to react to help these subgroups preserve their health in order to delay the onset of limiting illnesses and emergence of this paradox.
Should competencies be broadly shared in new ventures' founding teams?
Authors: Reese Daniel , Rieger Verena , Engelen Andreas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryBuilding on human capital theory, this study establishes the concept of the “sharedness” of competencies in founding teams. Based on prominent entrepreneurship research, we differentiate among entrepreneurial, managerial, and technical competencies. We test our model with 1,863 founding teams of US‐based new ventures by means of a multisource dataset that uses the LinkedIn skills and endorsements sections to measure competencies in a novel way. The results suggest that strong sharedness of entrepreneurial competencies is positively related to new ventures' performance, while sharedness of managerial skills is negatively related to performance. These results have theoretical implications for human capital and entrepreneurship research and practical implications for investors and founders.Managerial SummaryIt is common wisdom in entrepreneurial practice that different types of competencies are required in founding teams. Our research adds to this notion that it does not only matter that different competencies are represented, but also how these competencies are represented. First, all members should have some entrepreneurial competencies, as mastering the challenges related to opportunity recognition is the major task a new venture has to address, and synergies are central to success in this regard. Second, deep expertise in managerial competencies in one or a few individuals with specialized knowledge, such as project management and managing customer relationships, is beneficial to new ventures' funding success. These findings provide important implications for founding team composition.
First-order electroweak phase transition in a complex singlet model with ℤ3 symmetry
Authors: Chiang Cheng-Wei , Lu Bo-Qiang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We consider an extension of the Standard Model with a complex singlet scalar, where a global U(1) symmetry is explicitly broken to ℤ3 symmetry. We study the two-step electroweak phase transition in the model and find that it can be of first-order if the heavy scalar mass falls in the range of 1–2 TeV and the mixing angle |θ| ≳ 0.2 (11.5°). The Higgs signal strength measurements at the LHC, on the other hand, restrict the mixing angle |θ| ≲ 0.4 (23°). Future colliders including high-luminosity LHC can probe the remaining parameter space of first-order phase transition in this scenario. After the U(1) symmetry breaking, the pseudo-Goldstone boson becomes a dark matter candidate due to a hidden ℤ2 symmetry of the model. We find that the pseudo-Goldstone boson can make up a small fraction of the observed dark matter and escape from the constraints of current direct detection. We also show that the stochastic gravitational wave signals from the phase transition are potentially discoverable with future space-based interferometers.
A high-precision laser method for directly and quickly measuring 21 geometric motion errors of three linear axes of computer numerical control machine tools
Authors: Zheng Fajia , Feng Qibo , Zhang Bin , Li Jiakun , Zhao Yuqiong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractError compensation has become an important means of improving the manufacturing and processing accuracy of computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools. Quick and precise measurement of the various geometric motion errors (GMEs) of CNC machine tools is crucial. We propose a novel laser method for the efficient and direct high-precision measurement of the 21 GMEs of a three-axis CNC machine tool, or three linear axes of a five-axis tool. A corresponding system was developed, comprising a fiber-coupled laser unit, sensor head, target unit, and beam-steering unit. The beam-steering unit was designed to perform high-accuracy 90° rotation of the measuring beam, and the target unit was designed to be sensitive to 18 GMEs of the three linear axes. Stability, repeatability, and comparison experiments were conducted to verify the performance of the proposed system. The results showed that the stability of the position error measurement is ± 6.3 nm. For straightness error measurement, the stability, repeatability error, and residual are within ± 60.3 nm, ± 0.5 μm, and ± 0.7 μm, respectively. These are within ± 0.12 arcsec, ± 0.5 arcsec, and ± 0.5 arcsec for the pitch and yaw measurements, and within ± 0.37 arcsec, ± 1.5 arcsec, and ± 1.0 arcsec for the roll measurements, respectively. For squareness error measurement, the repeatability error and residual are within ± 0.6 arcsec and ± 1.6 arcsec, respectively. Compared with a laser interferometer, the proposed system can measure the 21 GMEs of a three-axis machine tool with one-step installation. Without accuracy loss, the measurement efficiency is approximately 45 times higher than that of a laser interferometer, thus providing a new quick and accurate measurement method of GMEs and error compensation of CNC machine tools.
Mechanism of action of a T cell-dependent bispecific antibody as a breakthrough immunotherapy against refractory colorectal cancer with an oncogenic mutation
Authors: Kamakura Daisuke , Asano Ryutaro , Kawai Hiroki , Yasunaga Masahiro 
Published: July 2020

AbstractT cell-dependent bispecific antibody (TDB)-induced T cell activation, which can eliminate tumor cells independent of MHC engagement, is expected to be a novel breakthrough immunotherapy against refractory cancer. However, the mechanism of action of TDBs has not been fully elucidated thus far. We focused on TDB-induced T cell–tumor cell contact as an important initial step in direct T cell-mediated tumor cell killing via transport of cytotoxic cell proteases (e.g., granzymes) with or without immunological synapse formation. Using an anti-EGFR/CD3 TDB, hEx3, we visualized and quantified T cell–tumor cell contact and demonstrated a correlation between the degree of cell contact and TDB efficacy. We also found that cytokines, including interferon-gamma (IFNγ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) secreted by activated T cells, damaged tumor cells in a cell contact-independent manner. Moreover, therapeutic experiences clearly indicated that hEx3, unlike conventional anti-EGFR antibodies, was effective against colorectal cancer (CRC) cells with mutant KRAS, BRAF, or PIK3CA. In a pharmacokinetic analysis, T cells spread gradually in accordance with the hEx3 distribution within tumor tissue. Accordingly, we propose that TDBs should have four action steps: 1st, passive targeting via size-dependent tumor accumulation; 2nd, active targeting via specific binding to tumor cells; 3rd, T cell redirection toward tumor cells; and 4th, TDB-induced cell contact-dependent (direct) or -independent (indirect) tumor cell killing. Finally, our TDB hEx3 may be a promising reagent against refractory CRC with an oncogenic mutation associated with a poor prognosis.
Bestimmung einer Beckenasymmetrie – Sinn oder Unsinn
Authors: Reichert Bernhard 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungPathologien des tiefen Rückens, der Becken- sowie Knie- und Hüftgelenke werden immer wieder mit einer Messung der Beinlänge und Feststellung einer Beckenasymmetrie in Verbindung gebracht. Aufgrund dieser Messungen werden therapeutische Wege eingeschlagen. Zu diesem Thema wurden auf der Basis einer systematischen Literatursuche in zwei maßgeblichen Datenbanken 28 Artikel ermittelt. Die inhaltliche Analyse beschäftigt sich v. a. mit der Variationsanatomie des Beckens sowie der Reliabilität palpatorischer und apparativer Bestimmungen von knöchernen Referenzpunkten am Becken. Hieraus ergeben sich maßgebliche Erkenntnisse: Eine Variationsanatomie des Beckens ist häufig und kommt auch bei nichtsymptomatischen Personen vor. Die palpatorische und apparative Bestimmungen der knöchernen Referenzpunkte sind gering bis moderat reliabel. Der Rückschluss von einer festgestellten Beckenasymmetrie auf den Einfluss bestehender oder noch zu erwartender Rücken‑, Hüft- oder Beckengelenkbeschwerden ist nach derzeitiger Studienlage zumindest umstritten und daher nicht empfehlenswert.
VOLT: a novel open-source pipeline for automatic segmentation of endolymphatic space in inner ear MRI
Authors: Gerb J. , Ahmadi S. A. , Kierig E. , Ertl-Wagner B. , Dieterich M. , Kirsch V. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Objective and volumetric quantification is a necessary step in the assessment and comparison of endolymphatic hydrops (ELH) results. Here, we introduce a novel tool for automatic volumetric segmentation of the endolymphatic space (ELS) for ELH detection in delayed intravenous gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of inner ear (iMRI) data.

Methods
The core component is a novel algorithm based on Volumetric Local Thresholding (VOLT). The study included three different data sets: a real-world data set (D1) to develop the novel ELH detection algorithm and two validating data sets, one artificial (D2) and one entirely unseen prospective real-world data set (D3). D1 included 210 inner ears of 105 patients (50 male; mean age 50.4 ± 17.1 years), and D3 included 20 inner ears of 10 patients (5 male; mean age 46.8 ± 14.4 years) with episodic vertigo attacks of different etiology. D1 and D3 did not differ significantly concerning age, gender, the grade of ELH, or data quality. As an artificial data set, D2 provided a known ground truth and consisted of an 8-bit cuboid volume using the same voxel-size and grid as real-world data with different sized cylindrical and cuboid-shaped cutouts (signal) whose grayscale values matched the real-world data set D1 (mean 68.7 ± 7.8; range 48.9–92.8). The evaluation included segmentation accuracy using the Sørensen-Dice overlap coefficient and segmentation precision by comparing the volume of the ELS.

Results
VOLT resulted in a high level of performance and accuracy in comparison with the respective gold standard. In the case of the artificial data set, VOLT outperformed the gold standard in higher noise levels. Data processing steps are fully automated and run without further user input in less than 60 s. ELS volume measured by automatic segmentation correlated significantly with the clinical grading of the ELS (p < 0.01).

Conclusion
VOLT enables an open-source reproducible, reliable, and automatic volumetric quantification of the inner ears’ fluid space using MR volumetric assessment of endolymphatic hydrops. This tool constitutes an important step towards comparable and systematic big data analyses of the ELS in patients with the frequent syndrome of episodic vertigo attacks. A generic version of our three-dimensional thresholding algorithm has been made available to the scientific community via GitHub as an ImageJ-plugin.
Possible control of acute outbreaks of a marine fungal pathogen by nominally herbivorous tropical reef fish
Authors: Neal B. P. , Honisch B. , Warrender T. , Williams G. J. , Work T. M. , Price N. N. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrimary producers in terrestrial and marine systems can be affected by fungal pathogens threatening the provision of critical ecosystem services. Crustose coralline algae (CCA) are ecologically important members of tropical reef systems and are impacted by coralline fungal disease (CFD) which manifests as overgrowth of the CCA crust by fungal lesions causing partial to complete mortality of the CCA host. No natural controls for CFD have been identified, but nominally herbivorous fish could play a role by consuming pathogenic fungi. We documented preferential grazing on fungal lesions by adults of six common reef-dwelling species of herbivorous Acanthuridae and Labridae, (surgeonfish and parrotfish) which collectively demonstrated an ~ 80-fold higher grazing rate on fungal lesions relative to their proportionate benthic coverage, and a preference for lesions over other palatable substrata (e.g. live scleractinian coral, CCA, or algae). Furthermore, we recorded a ~ 600% increase in live CFD lesion size over an approximately 2-week period when grazing by herbivorous fish was experimentally excluded suggesting that herbivorous reef fish could control CFD progression by directly reducing biomass of the fungal pathogen. Removal rates may be sufficient to allow CCA to recover from infection and explain historically observed natural waning behaviour after an outbreak. Thus, in addition to their well-known role as determinants of macroalgal overgrowth of reefs, herbivorous fish could thus also be important in control of diseases affecting crustose coralline algae that stabilize the foundation of coral reef substrata.
Associations between commonly used patient-reported outcome tools in postpartum depression clinical practice and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression
Authors: Gerbasi Margaret E. , Eldar-Lissai Adi , Acaster Sarah , Fridman Moshe , Bonthapally Vijayveer , Hodgkins Paul , Kanes Stephen J. , Meltzer-Brody Samantha 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study is to explore the associations between the patient-reported Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 and clinician-reported 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) in order to facilitate clinical decision-making. An integrated efficacy dataset of three randomized placebo-controlled trials (NCT02614547, NCT02942004, and NCT02942017) evaluating brexanolone injection, a neuroactive steroid chemically identical to allopregnanolone, in women with postpartum depression was used for this post hoc analysis. Data were pooled across treatment arms. Associations were assessed at day 30 (end-of-trial follow-up). Pearson correlation assessed the relationship between EPDS and PHQ-9 item and total scores and HAMD-17 total score. Cohen’s kappa assessed agreement of EPDS remission (score < 10) and PHQ-9 remission (score < 5) with HAMD-17 remission (score ≤ 7). Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models were used to develop equations estimating HAMD-17 total scores from EPDS and PHQ-9 scores, respectively. The total scores showed large correlations (HAMD-17/EPDS: r = 0.71, p < 0.001; HAMD-17/PHQ-9: r = 0.75, p < 0.001). Individual EPDS and PHQ-9 items significantly correlated (r= 0.35 to 0.67, all p < 0.001) with HAMD-17 total score. EPDS had 79% sensitivity and 67% specificity to detect HAMD-17 remission; corresponding estimates for PHQ-9 were 76% and 78%. OLS models yielded the following equations: HAMD-17 total = 2.66 + (EPDS total × 0.87) and HAMD-17 total = 3.99 + (PHQ-9 total × 0.97). There were large and statistically significant associations between patient-reported outcomes (EPDS, PHQ-9) and clinician-reported outcomes (HAMD-17) as clinical improvements were associated with patient-reported symptom improvement. These results provide tools to help translate clinical trial data to clinical practice, thus aiding shared decision-making for this critical population.
Impact of single-heterozygous UGT1A1 on the clinical outcomes of irinotecan monotherapy after fluoropyrimidine and platinum-based combination therapy for gastric cancer: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Nakano Shintaro , Yuki Satoshi , Kawamoto Yasuyuki , Nakatsumi Hiroshi , Ando Takayuki , Kajiura Shinya , Yoshikawa Ayumu , Harada Kazuaki , Hatanaka Kazuteru , Tanimoto Aya , Ishiguro Atsushi , Honda Takuya , Dazai Masayoshi , Sasaki Takahide , Sakamoto Naoya , Komatsu Yoshito 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
It is unclear whether the UGT1A1 status, single heterozygous (SH) or wild type (WT), is associated with the efficacy and toxicity of irinotecan monotherapy in advanced gastric cancer (AGC). We investigated the association between clinical outcomes (efficacy and safety) and UGT1A1 status in patients who received irinotecan monotherapy.

Methods
We evaluated AGC patients who received irinotecan monotherapy between January 2011 and December 2017. Efficacy was assessed according to overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Toxicity was graded using the Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events (version 4.0).

Results
A total of 100 patients were evaluated (62 and 38 patients with UGT1A1 WT and SH, respectively). In the WT and SH groups, the irinotecan dose was reduced in 19 (30.6%) and 18 (47.2%) patients (p = 0.135), respectively; treatment was delayed due to adverse events (AEs) in 19 (30.6%) and 13 (34.2%) patients (p = 0.826), respectively; the median PFS was 3.15 and 3.25 months (HR, 0.734; 95% CI 0.465–1.158; p = 0.184), respectively; and the median OS was 10.4 and 7.26 months (HR, 1.137; 95% CI 0.752–1.721; p = 0.543), respectively. Severe hematological AEs (Grade ≥ 3) were significantly more frequent in the SH group than in the WT group (63% vs. 36%; p = 0.008), while severe non-hematological AEs was not significantly different (16.0% vs. 6.5%; p = 0.173).

Conclusion
There was no significant difference in the efficacy of irinotecan monotherapy between UGT1A1 WT and UGT1A1 SH, but UGT1A1 SH was associated with a high frequency of severe hematological toxicity.
Role of the DEK oncogene in the development of squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ishida Kazuhisa , Nakashima Takayuki , Shibata Toshiyuki , Hara Akira , Tomita Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDEK is a highly conserved nuclear factor that plays an important role in the regulation of multiple cellular processes.DEKwas discovered to be an oncogene as a fusion withNUP214gene, which results in producing DEK-NUP214 proteins, in a subset of patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Subsequently, DEK overexpression was reported in many cancers, thus DEK itself is considered to be an oncoprotein. DEK has been reported to play important roles in the progression of early and late stage squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and is useful for early diagnosis of the disease. These findings have made DEK an attractive therapeutic target, especially for human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated SCC. However, the mechanism of DEK in SCC remains unclear. In this review, we discuss humanDEKoncogene-related SCC.
Functional analysis and exterior calculus on mixed-dimensional geometries
Authors: Boon Wietse M. , Nordbotten Jan M. , Vatne Jon E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe are interested in differential forms on mixed-dimensional geometries, in the sense of a domain containing sets of d-dimensional manifolds, structured hierarchically so that each d-dimensional manifold is contained in the boundary of one or more $$d + 1$$

d
+
1

-dimensional manifolds. On any given d-dimensional manifold, we then consider differential operators tangent to the manifold as well as discrete differential operators (jumps) normal to the manifold. The combined action of these operators leads to the notion of a semi-discrete differential operator coupling manifolds of different dimensions. We refer to the resulting systems of equations as mixed-dimensional, which have become a popular modeling technique for physical applications including fractured and composite materials. We establish analytical tools in the mixed-dimensional setting, including suitable inner products, differential and codifferential operators, Poincaré lemma, and Poincaré–Friedrichs inequality. The manuscript is concluded by defining the mixed-dimensional minimization problem corresponding to the Hodge Laplacian, and we show that this minimization problem is well-posed.
Claimed advantages and disadvantages of (dedicated) model transformation languages: a systematic literature review
Authors: Götz Stefan , Tichy Matthias , Groner Raffaela 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThere exists a plethora of claims about the advantages and disadvantages of model transformation languages compared to general-purpose programming languages. With this work, we aim to create an overview over these claims in the literature and systematize evidence thereof. For this purpose, we conducted a systematic literature review by following a systematic process for searching and selecting relevant publications and extracting data. We selected a total of 58 publications, categorized claims about model transformation languages into 14 separate groups and conceived a representation to track claims and evidence through the literature. From our results, we conclude that: (i) the current literature claims many advantages of model transformation languages but also points towards certain deficits and (ii) there is insufficient evidence for claimed advantages and disadvantages and (iii) there is a lack of research interest into the verification of claims.
Grundstrukturen des Bundes-Klimaschutzgesetzes
Authors: Saurer Johannes 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungAm 18.12.2019 ist das Bundes-Klimaschutzgesetz in Kraft getreten. Damit wurde erstmals eine übergreifende
gesetzliche Grundlage geschaffen für den Beitrag Deutschlands zu den Zielen des Pariser Abkommens der
internationalen Staatengemeinschaft und der Europäischen Union zur Senkung von anthropogenen Treibhausgas-Emissionen.
Der folgende Beitrag analysiert das Bundes-Klimaschutzgesetz (KSG) in seinen Grundstrukturen.