bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stereoselective 1,4-Addition of Primary Alcohols to γ-Alkoxy-α,β-unsaturated Esters
Authors: Nakamura Seiichi , Inatomi Saki , Takayanagi Yuta , Watanabe Kento , Toita Akinori , Yamakoshi Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe scope and limitations of the diastereoselective 1,4-addition reaction of primary alcohols to γ-alkoxy-α,β-unsaturated esters were investigated. We found that a variety of sodium alkoxides, generated from the corresponding primary alcohols with NaH, underwent 1,4-addition reactions with (E)-enoates in CH2Cl2 at –23 °C to give β-alkoxy esters in modest yields with good to excellent syn-selectivity, whereas stereoselectivity was not observed with the use of glycerol derivatives as nucleophiles. Cyclic acetal protection was found to play a pivotal role for the reaction to proceed.
Unexpected Substitution Reaction of 1,1-Dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123) with Phenolates
Authors: Tang Xiao-Jun , Chen Qing-Yun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn unexpected substitution reaction of HCFC-123 with phenolates is reported. During the reaction, fluorine atoms in HCFC-123 are removed one by one in the presence of phenolates.
Tratamento medicamentoso da sarcopenia
Authors: Souza Caio Gonçalves de 
Published: September 2020

ResumoA sarcopenia vem ganhando cada vez mais importância na literatura científica e nos consultórios médicos. Com o envelhecimento da população, essa condição clínica se torna cada vez mais imprescindível de se conhecer, se prevenir e de se tratar. O objetivo desta revisão é trazer as evidências atuais sobre o diagnóstico dessa patologia, de forma prática, bem como as principais opções atuais de tratamento.
Paralisia obstétrica: Avaliação da técnica Sever-L'Episcopo modificada por Hoffer
Authors: Severo Antonio L. , Carvalho Pedro G. L. , Lemos Marcelo B. , Nunes Marcos C. , Scaranto Marjurie , Barros Fernando K. 
Published: September 2020

ResumoAvaliar os resultados de uma série de 28 casos de paralisia obstétrica alta tratadas com a técnica Sever-L'Episcopo modificada por Hoffer, entre 2003 e 2016. As crianças (idade média, quatro anos e sete meses) com contratura em adução e rotação interna do ombro sem deformidades ósseas secundárias (Mallet classe II) foram submetidas ao alongamento do músculo peitoral e tenotomia do músculo subescapular associada à transferência do latissimus dorsi e músculo redondo maior para o músculo infraespinhal, movendo-se para a função de rotadores externos e elevadores. O seguimento médio foi de 3 anos e 10 meses. Ao final do estudo, 24 pacientes obtiveram excelentes escores de avaliação funcional, principalmente de abdução e rotação externa, passando de Mallet classe II para classe IV. Quatro pacientes ainda demonstraram algum grau de limitação de movimento global, passando da classe II para a classe III. Independentemente do ganho funcional final, todos os pacientes foram capazes de realizar tarefas que antes eram difíceis. Os dados deste estudo sugerem que a cirurgia de Hoffer é um método eficaz no tratamento das sequelas de paralisia obstétrica alta sem deformidades ósseas secundárias.
Tratamento do Dedo em Gatilho
Authors: Belloti João Carlos , Sato Edson Sasahara , Faloppa Flavio 
Published: September 2020

ResumoO dedo em gatilho é uma afecção frequente. Não obstante a tenossinovite e a alteração da polia A1 serem identificados como fatores desencadeantes, não há consenso sobre a verdadeira causa na literatura, sendo que a sua verdadeira etiologia permanece desconhecida. O diagnóstico é puramente clínico na maior parte das vezes. Ele depende unicamente da existência do travamento do dedo no decorrer da movimentação flexão ativa. O tratamento do dedo em gatilho geralmente se inicia com intervenções não cirúrgicas que são instituídas por pelo menos 3 meses. Nos pacientes em quem haja apresentação inicial com deformidade em flexão ou incapacidade de flexão do dedo, pode haver indicação mais precoce do tratamento cirúrgico em razão da intensidade do quadro álgico e da incapacidade funcional do paciente.No presente artigo de revisão, apresentaremos as modalidades e o nosso algoritmo para o tratamento do dedo em gatilho.
The Chimeric Propeller Flap
Authors: Hallock Geoffrey G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA chimeric flap consists of multiple discrete tissues or flaps connected only by a common source vessel. Each component must have an independent source of circulation. Rotation of any included part only about its specific vascular supply, such as done with a propeller flap, would be possible. These characteristics, whereby the chimeric flap concept and propeller flap concept are combined, would result in a chimeric propeller flap. Such a choice will enhance overall flap insetting capabilities and versatility, while often limiting the reconstructive need to but a single donor site!
The Effects of Rheumatoid Arthritis on In-Hospital Lengths of Stay, Complications, and Costs following Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Matched-Control Study
Authors: Vakharia Rushabh M. , Gwam Chukuweike , Luo T. David , Mannino Angelo , Anoushiravani Afshin A. , Plate Johannes F. , Roche Martin W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStudies investigating the relationship of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) are limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze whether RA patients undergoing primary THA have higher rates of: (1) in-hospital lengths of stay (LOS), (2) medical complications, (3) implant-related complications, and (4) costs of care. A query using an administrative claims database was performed identifying patients who underwent primary THA with RA, whereas patients without RA served as controls. Study group patients were matched to controls in a 1:5 ratio by age, sex, and medical comorbidities. The query yielded 518,927 patients with (n = 86,507) and without (n = 432,420) RA undergoing primary THA. A p-value of less than 0.002 was considered statistically significant. Patients with RA were found to have significantly longer in-hospital LOS (4 vs. 3 days, p < 0.0001). Additionally, RA patients had significantly higher incidence and odds (odds ratio [OR]) of medical (6.39 vs. 1.18%; OR: 5.71, p < 0.0001) and implant-related complications (7.45 vs. 3.35%; OR: 2.32, p < 0.0001) compared with patients without RA. Furthermore, RA patients were found to have significantly higher day of surgery ($12,422.19 vs. $12,103.08, p < 0.0001) and total global 90-day episode of care costs ($16,560.40 vs. $15,167.67, p < 0.0001). This study of 518,927 patients demonstrates patients with RA undergoing primary THA have significantly longer in-hospital LOS, in addition to higher rates of complications and costs. The study is informative as orthopaedists can adequately counsel and educate RA patients of the potential complications which may occur following their procedure.
Comparison of Precision for Manual versus Robotic-Assisted Total Hip Arthroplasty Performed by Fellows
Authors: Smith Ryan , Borukhov Ilya , Hampp Emily , Thompson Matt , Byrd Zackary O. , Sodhi Nipun , Mont Michael A. , Scholl Laura 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlthough various studies have shown that robotic-assisted total hip arthroplasty (RATHA) is associated with improved component positioning to plan and reduced intraoperative complications, there is still a learning curve for implementation even for experienced surgeons. This study assessed this learning curve for fellows during their training year, by comparing the accuracy and precision of acetabular component positioning, leg length, component offset, and center of rotation between manual THA (MTHA) and RATHA. Six fresh-frozen lower extremity specimens were utilized for surgical procedures performed by two adult reconstruction fellows who were halfway through their training year. The specimens were randomized to undergo one side with manual instrumentation and the contralateral side with RATHA. The final intraoperative surgical plan for rotation, cup orientation, leg length, and offset values were recorded and compared with the actual values measured by computed tomography (CT) scan. Using pre- and postoperative CT scans, the RATHA group was then compared with the MTHA group for accuracy and precision to plan. To assess differences in standard deviations of each measurement, 2-variances testing was performed using α = 0.05. To assess differences in central tendencies of each measurement for each group, Mann–Whitney U tests were performed using α = 0.05. RATHA exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) greater accuracy and precision to plan compared with MTHA in shell version (2.3 ± 1.2° vs. 7.8 ± 4.6°), shell inclination (2.1 ± 1.2° vs. 7.2 ± 3.2), and leg length discrepancy (0.8 ± 0.8 mm vs. 6.4 ± 3.7 mm). Center of head rotation was reported for each anatomical plane. There was no statistical difference in distance from original center of head rotation when considering the superoinferior, mediolateral, and anteroposterior planes as well as when combined as a total deviation in all three planes. The use of CT-guided preoperative planning and intraoperative robotic technology can help surgeons achieve desired implant placement. Results from this study indicate that with limited RATHA experience, surgeons in fellowship training were able to place THA components more accurately and precisely to plan for several important parameters compared with MTHA, namely shell inclination, shell anteversion, and leg length discrepancy.
Parkinson's Disease Is Associated with Increased Complications, Readmission Rates, and Costs of Care after Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Matched-Cohort Analysis
Authors: Katz Simon , Marchand Kevin B. , Vakharia Rushabh M. , Anis Hiba , Sodhi Nipun , Piuzzi Nicolas S. , Mont Michael A. , Roche Martin W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStudies investigating the impact of Parkinson's disease (PD) on patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) are limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether PD patients undergoing primary THA are at increased risk of: (1) medical complications; (2) implant-related complications; (3) readmissions; and (4) costs. A query was performed using an administrative claims database. Matched non-PD patients undergoing primary THA served as a control group. Non-PD patients undergoing primary THA served as a matching cohort. The query yielded 39,184 patients (PD = 9,796; control = 29,388). Pearson's chi-square tests, logistic regression analyses, and Welch's t-tests were used to test for significance between the cohorts. Patients who have PD were found to have increased odds (4.64 vs. 1.15%; odds ratio [OR]: 4.19, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.60–4.87, p < 0.0001) of medical complications compared with the matched cohort. PD patients had greater odds of implant-related complications (7.12 vs. 3.99; OR: 1.84, p < 0.0001). PD patients also had significantly higher odds of 90-day readmission (19.83 vs. 15.29%; OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.29–1.45, p < 0.0001) and incurred greater 90-day costs of care ($20,143 vs. $16,905, p < 0.0001). The results of the study demonstrate that PD is an independent risk factor for medical complications, implant-related complications, readmission rates, and increased costs of care following a primary THA. The findings of this study should be used in risk stratification and should inform physician–patient discussion but should not be arbitrarily used to deny access to care.
The History of Propeller Flaps
Authors: Hyakusoku Hiko , Ono Shimpei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSeveral pedicled flaps were developed by Hyakusoku at the Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan, in the 1980s to treat a large number of patients with postburn contractures. In this setting, the propeller flaps were described for the first time in 1991. The term propeller was used because of the blade shape of the skin island rotating on its axis. In 1989, Koshima introduced the term perforator flaps, whereas Hallock, in 2006, applied the perforator flap concept to the propeller flap. The name perforator pedicled propeller flap followed. Propeller flap had developed to be an important operative technique and a hot topic in the field of reconstructive microsurgery, with the important contribution of Teo. In 2009, the First Tokyo Meeting on Perforator and Propeller Flaps was held, where Pignatti reported the consensus on the definition and classification of propeller flaps that was given by the advisory panel of the meeting. Further evolutions developed since then will be described in this dedicated issue of Seminars of Plastic Surgery.
Ibrutinib Suppresses Early Megakaryopoiesis but Enhances Proplatelet Formation
Authors: Huang Jiansong , Huang Shujuan , Ma Zhixin , Lin Xiangjie , Li Xia , Huang Xin , Wang Jinghan , Ye Wenle , Li Yang , He Daqiang , Yang Min , Pan Jiajia , Ling Qing , Li Fenglin , Mao Shihui , Wang Huafeng , Wang Yungui , Jin Jie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIbrutinib, an irreversible inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase, has a favorable safety profile in patients with B cell-related malignancies. A primary adverse effect of ibrutinib is thrombocytopenia in the early stages of treatment, but platelet counts increase or recover as treatment continues. Currently, the effects of ibrutinib on megakaryopoiesis remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which ibrutinib induces thrombocytopenia using cord blood CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), a human megakaryoblastic cell line (SET-2), and C57BL/6 mice. We show that treatment with ibrutinib can suppress CD34+ HSC differentiation into megakaryocytes (MKs) and decrease the number of colony-forming unit-MKs (CFU-MKs). The ibrutinib-dependent inhibition of early megakaryopoiesis seems to mainly involve impaired proliferation of progenitor cells without induction of apoptosis. The effects of ibrutinib on late-stage megakaryopoiesis, in contrast to early-stage megakaryopoiesis, include enhanced MK differentiation, ploidy, and proplatelet formation in CD34+ HSC-derived MKs and SET-2 cells. We also demonstrated that MK adhesion and spreading, but not migration, were inhibited by ibrutinib. Furthermore, we revealed that integrin αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling in MKs was inhibited by ibrutinib. Consistent with previous clinical observations, in C57BL/6 mice treated with ibrutinib, platelet counts decreased by days 2 to 7 and recovered to normal levels by day 15. Together, these results reveal the pathogenesis of ibrutinib-induced transient thrombocytopenia. In conclusion, ibrutinib suppresses early megakaryopoiesis, as evidenced by inhibition of MK progenitor cell proliferation and CFU-MK formation. Ibrutinib enhances MK differentiation, ploidy, and proplatelet formation, while it impairs integrin αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling.
Pharmacological Neuroprotection of the Preterm Brain: Current Evidence and Perspectives
Authors: Siahanidou Tania , Spiliopoulou Christina 
Published: September 2020

Despite improvements in viability, the long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm babies remain serious concern as a significant percentage of these infants develop neurological and/or intellectual impairment, and they are also at increased risk of psychiatric illnesses later in life. The current challenge is to develop neuroprotective approaches to improve adverse outcomes in preterm survivors. The purpose of this review was to provide an overview of the current evidence on pharmacological agents targeting the neuroprotection of the preterm brain. Among them, magnesium sulfate, given antenatally to pregnant women with imminent preterm birth before 30 to 34 weeks of gestation, as well as caffeine administered to preterm infants after birth, exhibited neuroprotective effects for human preterm brain. Erythropoietin treatment of preterm infants did not result in neuroprotection at 2 years of age in two out of three published large randomized controlled trials; however, long-term follow-up of these infants is needed to come to definite conclusions. Further studies are also required to assess whether melatonin, neurosteroids, inhaled nitric oxide, allopurinol, or dietary supplements (omega-3 fatty acids, choline, curcumin, etc.) could be implemented as neuroprotectants in clinical practice. Furthermore, other pharmacological agents showing promising signs of neuroprotective efficacy in preclinical studies (growth factors, hyaluronidase inhibitors or treatment, antidiabetic drugs, cannabidiol, histamine-H3 receptor antagonists, etc.), as well as stem cell- or exosomal-based therapies and nanomedicine, may prove useful in the future as potential neuroprotective approaches for human preterm brain.
Key Points
Are Oxinium Femoral Heads Superior to Alternative Bearing Surface Materials? A Systematic Review
Authors: Zou Anthony H. , Feng James E. , Novikov David , O'Connor Casey M. , Anoushiravani Afshin A. , Schwarzkopf Ran , Vigdorchik Jonathan M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOxidized zirconium (OxZr) femoral heads were developed to emulate the superior wear and scratch properties of ceramics while eliminating their unwanted tendency for brittle fracturing. Studies using OxZr have demonstrated reduced linear and volumetric wear of polyethylene (PE) liners when compared with cobalt chrome, ceramic, and steel femoral heads. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the difference in revision rates, radiologically determined linear wear rates, and patient-reported outcomes among OxZr and alternative bearing materials. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis protocols, a systematic review of published literature through April 24, 2018 was conducted. Among the 862 cases included at a mean weighted follow-up of 4.78 years, the revision THA rate and patient-reported outcomes were similar among OxZr and alternative bearing materials. One of the five studies demonstrated significantly lower linear wear rates in the OxZr group when paired with ultrahigh molecular-weight PE (OxZr 0.03 mm/y vs. stainless-steel 0.11 mm/y; p < 0.001) and when paired with highly-crosslinked PE (OxZr 0.02 mm/y vs. stainless-steel 0.04 mm/y; p < 0.001). The remaining four studies found no difference in linear wear rates. OxZr demonstrated similar outcome to that of modern-day ceramic and metal femoral heads for short- and mid-term revision surgery rates and patient-reported outcomes. Longer term studies are needed to evaluate if any long-term wear advantages are seen with the use of OxZr femoral heads and if the use of OxZr is cost effective compared with ceramic or metal alternatives. The level of evidence of the study is level II, systematic review.
The cytoplasmic tail of human mannosidase Man1b1 contributes to catalysis-independent quality control of misfolded alpha1-antitrypsin
Authors: Sun Ashlee H. , Collette John R. , Sifers Richard N. 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Defects in systems that orchestrate the intracellular clearance of misfolded proteins are implicated as central contributors to numerous human diseases. Our study has further elucidated the unexpected capacity for the prototype mannosidase, Man1b1, to target misfolded alpha1-antitrypsin for intracellular loss by an unconventional, N-glycan-independent manner. Identification of this functional dichotomy, and especially the Man1b1-mediated catalysis-independent system, might influence the design of future therapeutic interventions for selected conformational diseases of the secretory pathway.
Structural determinants of protocadherin-15 mechanics and function in hearing and balance perception
Authors: Choudhary Deepanshu , Narui Yoshie , Neel Brandon L. , Wimalasena Lahiru N. , Klanseck Carissa F. , De-la-Torre Pedro , Chen Conghui , Araya-Secchi Raul , Tamilselvan Elakkiya , Sotomayor Marcos 
Published: September 2020

Significance
When sound vibrations reach the inner ear, fine protein filaments called “tip links” stretch and open cochlear hair-cell mechanosensitive channels that trigger sensory perception. Similarly, vestibular hair cells use tip links to sense mechanical stimuli produced by head motions. Tip links are formed by cadherin-23 and protocadherin-15, two large proteins involved in hearing loss and balance disorders. Here we present multiple structures, models, and simulations that depict the lower end of the tip link, including the complete protocadherin-15 ectodomain. These models show an essential connection between cadherin-23 and protocadherin-15 with dual molecular “handshakes” and various protein sites that are mutated in inherited deafness. The simulations also reveal how the tip link responds to force to mediate hearing and balance sensing.
Treatment of mental illness in American adolescents varies widely within and across areas
Authors: Cuddy Emily , Currie Janet 
Published: September 2020

Significance
This study uses a large national database of insured adolescent children who have an initial insurance claim for a mental illness. Many of these children either fail to receive follow-up care within 3 mo, or receive care that appears to fall short of standard guidelines for the initial treatment of mental illness in children. The majority do not receive therapy, and many children receive drugs that raise a red flag, such as benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants, and drugs that are not Food and Drug Administration-approved for use in children. Very little of the variation in these outcomes can be explained by shortages of mental health professionals.
Catch–quota matching allowances balance economic and ecological targets in a fishery managed by individual transferable quota
Authors: Oostdijk Maartje , Byrne Conor , Stefánsson Gunnar , Santos Maria J. , Woods Pamela J. 
Published: September 2020

Significance
The trend toward individual quota and discard bans presents a challenge for mixed fisheries: how to avoid widespread underutilization of quota due to choking effects of individual species for which quota is exhausted. Iceland’s demersal fishery has met this challenge using the most elaborate set of balancing mechanisms in the world. We investigated the performance of the Icelandic system and find pervasive incentives inherent in the system’s design. The absence of persistent overfishing of individual stocks is attributed to limits that have been tightened over time and are very strict for the primary target species. These results highlight the potential for balancing mechanisms to facilitate sustainable exploitation of distinct interconnected resources and the importance of adapting implementation to local circumstances.
Transmission dynamics reveal the impracticality of COVID-19 herd immunity strategies
Authors: Brett Tobias S. , Rohani Pejman 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Confronted with escalating COVID-19 outbreaks, countries at the leading edge of the pandemic have had to resort to imposing drastic social distancing measures which have serious societal and economic repercussions. Establishing herd immunity in a population by allowing the epidemic to spread, while mitigating the negative health impacts of COVID-19, presents a tantalizing resolution to the crisis. Our study simulating SARS-CoV-2 spread in the United Kingdom finds that achieving herd immunity without overwhelming hospital capacity leaves little room for error. Intervention levels must be carefully manipulated in an adaptive manner for an extended period, despite acute sensitivity to poorly quantified epidemiological factors. Such fine-tuning of social distancing renders this strategy impractical.