bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy efficiency tools of buildings design solutions in information and analytical management systems for construction and overhaul process
Authors: Avilova I P , Krutilova M O 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe energy efficiency of construction and overhaul of buildings, including the optimization of energy consumption in production of building materials, construction and technological support of construction, has a significant role in energy efficiency assessment of construction as a whole, being the most important component of the implementation of green building principles. At the same time, the organizational-economic balance of interests of construction investors and authorities in the field of environmental rationalization in structural design as well as the motivation of developers to use green building materials and technologies, as assessed within economic tools, has still not developed in the Russian construction community. The paper proposes to consider the basic principles of the author’s methodology for assessment of energy efficiency of construction and optimizing the structural design, which allows one to implement the tool into the information-analytical systems for managing the construction and overhaul process of buildings an instrument of promotion of green building, operating with quantitative energy efficiency assessments and cost indicators of design solutions.
Energy intensity decrease in chlorella growth technology by electro ozonation
Authors: Normov D A , Samarin G N , Vasilyev A N , Shevchenko A A , Goldman R B 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper examines process efficiency problems in chlorella microphytic alga growth for quality feed of livestock and poultry. Ozone-air mixture for microphytic alga growth simulation and development is being suggested for use. Paper describes experimental research methods realization and some experimental equipment. Experimental plant to carry out research was built, which produces ozone-air mixture, with required ozone concentration, and delivers it to the tank that contains chlorella microphytic alga suspension. Moreover, equipment was selected in a way so it doesn’t interfere with the main technological process of microphytic alga growth, special attention was given to an energy saving effect of the equipment and technology in general. Experimental research results discussion demonstrates some statistical data and dependence curves, constructed using these results, and also derived on this basis regression equation. Research results were processed by the “Statistika 6.0” software, obtained results indicate sufficiently close correlation relationship between examined data. Some experimental work results were summarized in the conclusions, and substantial efficiency of the suggested technology was verified, which allows to reduce energy consumption in forage production.
Heat transfer efficiency in PEBC synthesis
Authors: Pliushchev V V , Kharitonova O S , Nazarova M A , Bronskaya V V , Manuyko G V , Shaikhetdinova R S , Aminova G A , Balzamov D S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The kinetics of propylene and ethylene copolymerization in a fluidized bed reactor is considered. Dynamic reactor model based on material balance of monomers, copolymer and copolymerization kinetics has been developed in order to obtain predicted data on monomer flow, copolymer concentration under different process conditions. The complex two-phase model is presented based on two models: well-mixed and two-phase model. The profiles of concentrations and temperatures in microparticles are obtained, and the average concentrations and temperatures at the active sites of the catalyst are determined. The dependences of temperature on the height of the fluidized bed of the reactor at different gas incoming velocity and at different temperature of the monomer input are obtained. Mathematical model that is basis of creating expert control complex of PEBC synthesis process and allow to make quantitative connection between technological parameters of reactors which allows to control technological mode with the acceptable accuracy is presented. Experiment catalytic system is microspheric titanium trichloride (MS-TiCl3) and co-catalyst-diethylaluminum chloride.
The Relative Contributions of Socioeconomic and Genetic Factors to Variations in Body Mass Index Among Young Adults
Authors: Kim Rockli , Lippert Adam M , Wedow Robbee , Jimenez Marcia P , Subramanian S V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In light of recent findings on the small proportion of variance in body mass index (BMI) explained by shared environment, and growing interests in the role of genetic susceptibility, we assessed the relative contribution of socioeconomic status (SES) and genome-wide polygenic score for BMI to explaining variation in BMI. Our final analytic sample included 4,918 white and 1,546 black individuals from the US National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health Wave IV (2007–2008) who had complete measures on BMI, demographics, SES, genetic data, and health behaviors. We used ordinary least-squares regression to assess variation in log(BMI) as a function of the aforementioned predictors, independently and mutually adjusted. All analyses were stratified by race/ethnicity in the main analysis, and further by sex. The age-adjusted variation in log(BMI) was 0.055 among whites and 0.066 among blacks. The contribution of SES and polygenic score ranged from less than1% to 6% and from 2% to 8%, respectively, and majority of the variation (87%–96%) in log(BMI) remained unexplained. Differential distribution of socioeconomic resources, stressors, and buffers may interact to produce systematically larger variation in vulnerable populations. More understanding of the contribution of biological, genetic, and environmental factors, as well as stochastic elements, in diverse phenotypic variance is needed in population health sciences.
TranspoScope: interactive visualization of retrotransposon insertions
Authors: Grivainis Mark , Tang Zuojian , Fenyö David 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Retrotransposition is an important force in shaping the human genome and is involved in prenatal development, disease and aging. Current genome browsers are not optimized for visualizing the experimental evidence for retrotransposon insertions.

Results
We have developed a specialized browser to visualize the evidence for retrotransposon insertions for both targeted and whole-genome sequencing data.

Availability and implementation
TranspoScope’s source code, as well as installation instructions, are available at https://github.com/FenyoLab/transposcope.
Re-assessing the Consistency of Sentencing Decisions in Cases of Assault: Allowing for Within-Court Inconsistencies
Authors: Brunton-Smith Ian , Pina-Sánchez Jose , Li Guangquan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Empirical research has repeatedly focused on the potential existence of sentencing disparities. In particular, a growing number of studies have used multilevel models to quantify the extent that ‘similar’ offences are treated alike in different courts. This reliance on multilevel models has resulted in a natural focus on differences in the mean sentence awarded between courts, with the amount of within-group variability generally assumed to be the same in each court. In this paper, we show how multilevel models can be extended by allowing the magnitude of within-court differences to be different in each court. This provides a natural framework to connect between-court disparities with the sentencing differences that are thought to originate between judges operating within the same court, particularly in the absence of more fine-grained sentencing data about the judge residing in each case. Focusing specifically on cases of assault sentenced in 2011, we show that there are substantial differences in the range of sentences awarded in different courts, with the range almost twice as large in some courts. We also find that it is those courts that appear to show the traits of more homogeneous sentencing that sentence more harshly and that offences involving the presence of a weapon or evidence of good character and/or exemplary conduct were associated with higher levels of internal consistency.
An overview of general practitioner consultations in China: a direct observational study
Authors: Zhong Chenwen , Luo Zhuojun , Liang Cuiying , Zhou Mengping , Kuang Li 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
General practitioner (GP) consultation has long been considered an important component of general practice, but few studies have focused on its characteristics in China.

Objective
This study aimed to explore the content and elucidate the characteristics of GP consultations in general practice in China.

Methods
A multimethod investigation of GP consultations in eight community health centres in Guangzhou and Shenzhen, China was conducted between July 2018 and January 2019. Data from 445 GP consultations were collected by direct observation and audio tape and analysed by a modified Davis Observation Code with indicators for frequencies and detailed time durations. GP and patient characteristics were collected by post-visit surveys.

Results
The mean visit duration was approximately 5.4 minutes. GPs spent the most time on treatment planning, history taking, negotiating, notetaking and physical examination and less time on health promotion, family information collecting, discussing substance use, procedures and counselling. The time spent on procedures ranked first (66 seconds), followed by history taking (65 seconds) and treatment planning (63 seconds). Besides, patients were very active in the consultation, specifically for topics related to medicine ordering and drug costs.

Conclusions
This study described the profile of GP consultations and illustrated the complexity of care provided by GPs in China. As patient activation in GP consultations becomes increasingly important, future studies need to explore how to promote the engagement of patients in the whole consultation process other than just requesting for medicine.
Response of aquatic microbial communities and bioindicator modelling of hydraulic fracturing flowback and produced water
Authors: Zhong Cheng , Nesbø Camilla L , Goss Greg G , Lanoil Brian D , Alessi Daniel S 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTThe response of microbial communities to releases of hydraulic fracturing flowback and produced water (PW) may influence ecosystem functions. However, knowledge of the effects of PW spills on freshwater microbiota is limited. Here, we conducted two separate experiments: 16S rRNA gene sequencing combined with random forests modelling was used to assess freshwater community changes in simulated PW spills by volume from 0.05% to 50%. In a separate experiment, live/dead cell viability in a freshwater community was tested during exposure to 10% PW by volume. Three distinct patterns of microbial community shifts were identified: (i) indigenous freshwater genera remained dominant in &lt;2.5% PW, (ii) from 2.5% to 5% PW, potential PW organic degraders such as Pseudomonas, Rheinheimera and Brevundimonas became dominant, and (iii) no significant change in the relative abundance of taxa was observed in &gt;5% PW. Microbial taxa including less abundant genera such as Cellvibrio were potential bioindicators for the degree of contamination with PW. Additionally, live cells were quickly damaged by adding 10% PW, but cell counts recovered in the following days. Our study shows that the responses of freshwater microbiota vary by spill size, and these responses show promise as effective fingerprints for PW spills in aquatic environments.
Three-Year, Postintervention, Follow-up Comparison of Health Care Resource Utilization and Costs in the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) Study
Authors: Brown Joshua D , Wang Ching-Yu , Groessl Erik J , Pahor Marco , Manini Todd M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
The Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) Study physical activity (PA) intervention was found to be cost-effective compared to health education (HE). However, long-term effects postintervention are unknown.

Method
This was a secondary analysis of LIFE Study data linked to Medicare claims data (2014–2016). Participants were linked via Social Security Numbers to Medicare claims data. Utilization and cost variables were analyzed using generalized linear models with negative binomial and Tweedie distributions. Unadjusted means and 95% confidence intervals were compared by year and overall stratified. Each model compared PA versus HE and adjusted for other baseline characteristics and stratified by study site. Additional models were stratified by baseline physical functioning assessment scores.

Results
Of the 1,635 LIFE Study participants, 804 (53.5%) were linked to Medicare claims with an average of 33 months of follow-up time during the 3-year data linkage period. Mean outpatient (6.6 vs 6.8), inpatient (0.40 vs 0.40), and other utilization metrics were similar between PA and HE groups. Costs were also similar for each group and each type of service, for example, outpatient: $2,070 versus $2,093 and inpatient: $4,704 versus $4,792. Regression results indicated no statistically significant differences between PA and HE groups.

Conclusions
While the LIFE Study demonstrated that PA reduced mobility disability in older adults and was cost-effective, it did not appear to affect long-term health care utilization costs posttrial. These findings suggest that it remains challenging to affect long-term health care costs using PA interventions effects.
Isotropic seismic radiation from rock damage and dilatancy
Authors: Lyakhovsky Vladimir , Ben-Zion Yehuda 
Published: April 2020

SUMMARYWe present semi-analytical and numerical results on isotropic radiation expected to be generated by seismic sources with damaged dilatant materials that sustain during failure an overall shear deformation. The results are derived for inclusions with different stiffness components, including those responsible for shear-volumetric coupling in dilatant material, and different geometries, in a surrounding elastic solid. The obtained relations indicate that the isotropic seismic potency and seismic moment components are proportional to the shear potency components multiplied by the aspect ratio between the thickness and length of the source zone. For a typical rupture zone with a thin tabular geometry, the expected small aspect ratio explains the general seismological observations of small isotropic radiation. However, isotropic radiation induced by dynamic dilation for short and thick sources is more pronounced and may reach for spherical sources sustaining shear deformation 18 per cent of the shear components. Sources that include also tensile components and explosions can produce larger isotropic radiation. The results provide rigorous relations that can be used to estimate different source properties in numerical simulations, experiments and field studies.
What can be expected from GNSS tracking of satellite constellations for temporal gravity field model determination?
Authors: Zhou Hao , Zhou Zebing , Luo Zhicai , Wang Kang , Wei Min 
Published: April 2020

SUMMARYThe goal of this contribution is to investigate the expected improvement of temporal gravity field determination via a couple of high-low satellite-to-satellite tracking (HLSST) missions. The simulation system is firstly validated by determining monthly gravity field models within situ GRACE GPS tracking data. The general consistency between the retrieved solutions and those developed by other official agencies indicates the good performance of our software. A 5-yr full-scale simulation is then performed using the full error sources including all error components. Analysis of each error component indicates that orbit error is the main contributor to the overall HLSST-derived gravity field model error. The noise level of monthly solution is therefore expected to reduce 90 per cent in terms of RMSE over ocean when the orbit accuracy improves for a magnitude of one order. As for the current HLSST mission consisting of a current GNSS receiver and an accelerometer (10−10 and 10−9 m s–2 noise for sensitive and non-sensitive axes), it is expected to observe monthly (or weekly) gravity solution at the spatial resolution of about 1300 km (or 2000 km). As for satellite constellations, a significant improvement is expected by adding the second satellite with the inclination of 70° and the third satellite with the inclination of 50°. The noise reduction in terms of cumulative geoid height error is approximately 51 per cent (or 62 per cent) when the observations of two (or three) HLSST missions are used. Moreover, the accuracy of weekly solution is expected to improve 40–70 per cent (or 27–59 per cent) for three (or two) HLSST missions when compared to one HLSST mission. Due to the low financial costs, it is worthy to build a satellite constellation of HLSST missions to fill the possible gaps between the dedicated temporal gravity field detecting missions.
Killing Reindeer: A Spatial Analysis of Nordic States and Nomadic Forms of Life in the Arctic
Authors: du Plessis Gitte 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo conceptualize the violence of the Nordic states in the Arctic, this article provides a spatial analysis of relationships between Norway, Sweden, and Finland and the Sámi and reindeer inhabiting their northern parts. The analysis is informed by Deleuze and Guattari's concepts of smooth and striated space and examines how the Nordic states, through their striation activities, are perpetrating violence toward nomadic forms of life. Rather than casting the spatial relationships between states and reindeer herders as “land use conflicts,” the article shifts the focus from competing activities to violence toward one form of life perpetrated by another. Tracing state efforts of bordering, rationalization of reindeer herding as an industry, infrastructure developments, and cultivation of selected predatory lines of flight, the article illuminates an indirect violence that is slowly eliminating nomadic forms of life. This loss highlights that in the sixth great extinction, the world is losing not only distinct biological species but also different forms of life within species. Ultimately, the striation activities of the biopolitical Nordic states, in their narrow focus on Western knowledge regimes, security, profit, and geopolitical positioning for an impending Arctic resource boom, enact a violent and destructive homogenization of what constitutes life.
Toward an Urban Security Research Agenda in IR
Authors: Ljungkvist Kristin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTheorizing about the manner in which urban dimensions influence global security and vice versa is still in an embryonic stage. The central argument of this article holds that scholars in the fields of international relations (IR) and security studies largely remain blind to contemporary urban dimensions of global transboundary security issues, and have not yet adequately assessed its dynamics or political implications. In order to stimulate and structure further research, this article sets out to situate issues pertaining to urban security within a wider IR theoretical context. I suggest that the contemporary global security environment can be conceptualized in terms of a global–urban security nexus. This nexus points, on the one hand, to a changing spatial dynamic of security where urban places and practices become increasingly imperative and, on the other hand, to a rescaling of state power where urban actors are becoming increasingly empowered. I suggest that the global–urban security nexus as a point of analytical departure is equally relevant to the more traditional, narrow understanding of security as it is to the broadened security agenda, and it captures contemporary spatial security dynamics as well as changing security governance, in terms of both involved actors and practices. I finally draw out an urban security research agenda for IR that puts focus on global and transboundary security problems and their urban facets, and offers a novel way forward for studying global security dynamics in terms of its urban spaces, agents, and practices.
The in vivo functions of ARPF2 and ARRS1 in ribosomal RNA processing and ribosome biogenesis in Arabidopsis
Authors: Choi Ilyeong , Jeon Young , Yoo Youngki , Cho Hyun-Soo , Pai Hyun-Sook 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Yeast Rpf2 plays a critical role in the incorporation of 5S rRNA into pre-ribosomes by forming a binary complex with Rrs1. The protein characteristics and overexpression phenotypes of Arabidopsis Ribosome Production Factor 2 (ARPF2) and Arabidopsis Regulator of Ribosome Synthesis 1 (ARRS1) have been previously studied. Here, we analyze loss-of-function phenotypes of ARPF2 and ARRS1 using virus-induced gene silencing to determine their functions in pre-rRNA processing and ribosome biogenesis. ARPF2 silencing in Arabidopsis led to pleiotropic developmental defects. RNA gel blot analysis and circular reverse transcription–PCR revealed that ARPF2 depletion delayed pre-rRNA processing, resulting in the accumulation of multiple processing intermediates. ARPF2 fractionated primarily with the 60S ribosomal subunit. Metabolic rRNA labeling and ribosome profiling suggested that ARPF2 deficiency mainly affected 25S rRNA synthesis and 60S ribosome biogenesis. ARPF2 and ARRS1 formed the complex that interacted with the 60S ribosomal proteins RPL5 and RPL11. ARRS1 silencing resulted in growth defects, accumulation of processing intermediates, and ribosome profiling similar to those of ARPF2-silenced plants. Moreover, depletion of ARPF2 and ARRS1 caused nucleolar stress. ARPF2-deficient plants excessively accumulated anthocyanin and reactive oxygen species. Collectively, these results suggest that the ARPF2–ARRS1 complex plays a crucial role in plant growth and development by modulating ribosome biogenesis.
How does nitrogen shape plant architecture?
Authors: Luo Le , Zhang Yali , Xu Guohua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPlant nitrogen (N), acquired mainly in the form of nitrate and ammonium from soil, dominates growth and development, and high-yield crop production relies heavily on N fertilization. The mechanisms of root adaptation to altered supply of N forms and concentrations have been well characterized and reviewed, while reports concerning the effects of N on the architecture of vegetative and reproductive organs are limited and are widely dispersed in the literature. In this review, we summarize the nitrate and amino acid regulation of shoot branching, flowering, and panicle development, as well as the N regulation of cell division and expansion in shaping plant architecture, mainly in cereal crops. The basic regulatory steps involving the control of plant architecture by the N supply are auxin-, cytokinin-, and strigolactone-controlled cell division in shoot apical meristem and gibberellin-controlled inverse regulation of shoot height and tillering. In addition, transport of amino acids has been shown to be involved in the control of shoot branching. The N supply may alter the timing and duration of the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive growth phase, which in turn may affect cereal crop architecture, particularly the structure of panicles for grain yield. Thus, proper manipulation of N-regulated architecture can increase crop yield and N use efficiency.