bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burden of vision loss due to diabetic retinopathy in China from 1990 to 2017: findings from the global burden of disease study
Authors: Shan Yi , Xu Yufeng , Lin Xiling , Lou Lixia , Wang Yijie , Ye Juan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeTo conduct a detailed analysis on the burden of vision loss due to diabetic retinopathy (DR) by year, age and gender in China from 1990 to 2017.MethodsThis is a between‐country, retrospective, comparative burden‐of‐disease study. Prevalence and Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) data caused by DR in China and relative territories were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2017 to observe the changing trends of vision loss.ResultsPrevalence and YLDs of DR in China increased significantly from 1990 to 2017. The age‐standardized prevalence and YLDs rate witnessed a slowly declining trend recently. Higher prevalence and YLDs were observed in female subjects in the past three decades. Middle‐aged and elderly people suffered from a higher burden of DR‐induced vision loss. The total age‐standardized prevalence rate of China in 1990 (17.68) and 2017 (21.88) was lower than that of other seven neighbouring countries. In 2017, moderate vision loss (MVL) (17.19) accounted for the largest proportion in China. The all‐age YLDs of DR showed the second‐highest increase (150.26%) while the age‐standardized YLDs rate showed the third‐highest increase (14.91%) among fifteen common causes of vision impairment (VI) from 1990 to 2017. China ranked 3rd among G20 countries in terms of all‐age YLDs while ranked 18th in age‐standardized YLDs rate in 2017.ConclusionsIn the past three decades, the prevalence and YLDs due to DR in China have improved in both genders. This study highlights the importance of prevention for DR, especially for women and the elderly.
Prescribing in a paediatric emergency: A PERUKI survey of prescribing and resuscitation aids
Authors: Jahn Haiko Kurt , Jahn Ingo Henry Johannes , Roland Damian , Behringer Wilhelm , Lyttle Mark ,   Paediatric Emergency Research in the United Kingdom, Ireland (PERUKI)
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimThe aim was to investigate the use of paper‐based and electronic prescribing and resuscitation aids in paediatric emergency care from a departmental and individual physician perspective.MethodsA two‐stage web‐based self‐report questionnaire was performed. In stage (i), a lead investigator at PERUKI sites completed a department‐level survey; in stage (ii), individual physicians recorded their personal practice.ResultsThe site survey was completed by 46/54 (85%) of PERUKI sites. 198 physicians completed the individual physicians' survey. Individual physicians selected the use of formulary apps for checking of medication dosages nearly as often as hardcopy formularies. The APLS WETFLAG calculation and hardcopy aids were widely accepted in both surveys. A third of sites accepted and half of the individual physicians selected resuscitation apps on the personal mobile device as paediatric resuscitation aids.ConclusionOur survey shows a high penetrance of the British National Formulary app, a success of NHS digital policy and strategy. Despite potential advantages, many physicians in our survey do not use resuscitation apps. Reluctance to engage with apps is likely to be multifactorial and includes human factors. These obstacles need to be overcome to create a digital healthcare culture.
Higher poultry consumption was associated with an earlier age at menarche
Authors: Wu Youmei , Gu Qiuyun , Cui Xueying , Zhu Zhenni , Zang Jiajie , Wang Zhengyuan , Wu Fan , Shen Xiuhua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo examine the association between meat consumption and earlier age of menarche among schoolgirls in Shanghai.MethodsThe study randomly selected 1981 schoolgirls aged 6‐18 years in Shanghai using a two‐stage random sampling design. Information on meat intake was collected using a semi‐quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Menarche age, household income, physical activity and other covariates were obtained by standardised questionnaires. Logistic regression was used to analyse the association between intake of meat and earlier age of menarche. Earlier age of menarche was defined as first menstruation before 12 years of age.ResultsAmong the 986 girls who had experienced menarche, 518/986 (52.5%) had earlier age of menarche. After adjusting for body mass index, age, physical activity, sleep, household income and parental education, consumption of poultry was positively associated with risk of earlier age of menarche (P‐trend = .03). Girls who never consumed poultry had a lower risk of earlier age of menarche (odds ratio [OR]: 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.39‐0.96). Neither the consumption of pork, beef, lamb, processed meat nor total meat consumption was associated with menarche age.ConclusionHigher consumption of poultry was associated with an earlier age at menarche.
An 8‐Week Study on Social‐Cognitive Variables for Physical Activity and Fruit and Vegetable Intake: Are there Stage Transitions?
Authors: Vergeld Vera , Wienert Julian , Reinwand Dominique Alexandra , Tan Shu Ling , Lippke Sonia 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundHealth behavior change can be modelled in terms of stages, and outcomes of transitions between stages can be categorized into progression, regression, and stagnation. Based on the Health Action Process Approach this study tested whether changes in social‐cognitive variables are associated with transitions between stages regarding physical activity (PA) and fruit and vegetable intake (FVI).MethodsN = 132 participants (M = 50.86 years, SD = 13.17, 61.4% women) were assessed at baseline and 8 weeks later. Data were analysed using multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) and post‐hoc comparisons.ResultsChanges in motivational self‐efficacy (η2 = 0.081), maintenance self‐efficacy (η2 = 0.119), and recovery self‐efficacy (η2 = 0.049) as well as positive outcome expectancies (η2 = 0.070), negative outcome expectancies (η2 = 0.055), and coping planning (η2 = 0.065) were associated with FVI stage progression. For PA, changes were not associated with stage progression.ConclusionTo facilitate behavior change effectively, at least for FVI, it is essential to consider underlying mechanisms such as several aspects of self‐efficacy in performing the desired health behaviors, outcome expectations, and planning how to overcome barriers. Additionally, the adoption of a stage approach may be a useful starting point to develop stage‐matched interventions.
Nonparametric matrix response regression with application to brain imaging data analysis
Authors: Hu Wei , Pan Tianyu , Kong Dehan , Shen Weining 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWith the rapid growth of neuroimaging technologies, a great effort has been dedicated recently to investigate the dynamic changes in brain activity. Examples include time course calcium imaging and dynamic brain functional connectivity. In this paper, we propose a novel nonparametric matrix response regression model to characterize the nonlinear association between 2D image outcomes and predictors such as time and patient information. Our estimation procedure can be formulated as a nuclear norm regularization problem, which can capture the underlying low‐rank structure of the dynamic 2D images. We present a computationally efficient algorithm, derive the asymptotic theory, and show that the method outperforms other existing approaches in simulations. We then apply the proposed method to a calcium imaging study for estimating the change of fluorescent intensities of neurons, and an electroencephalography study for a comparison in the dynamic connectivity covariance matrices between alcoholic and control individuals. For both studies, the method leads to a substantial improvement in prediction error.
Diagnostic performance of core needle biopsy as a first‐line diagnostic tool for thyroid nodules according to ultrasound patterns: Comparison with fine needle aspiration using propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Ahn Hye Shin , Youn Inyoung , Na Dong Gyu , Kim Soo Jin , Lee Mi Yeon 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of core‐needle biopsy (CNB) to fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) as a first‐line diagnostic tool in initially detected thyroid nodules, according to ultrasound (US) patterns.Materials and MethodsThis study included 778 consecutive nodules from 705 patients who underwent CNB from one institution and 627 nodules from 583 patients who underwent FNA from two institutions. Adjustments for significant differences in patients' characteristics were facilitated via propensity score matching. We compared the diagnostic performance of CNB and FNA for thyroid malignancy according to three diagnostic criteria for all nodules and the US patterns.ResultsA 1:1 matching of 469 patients yielded no significant differences between CNB and FNA for any covariates. CNB showed a significantly higher sensitivity for malignancy than FNA with any criterion (criterion 1: category VI, criterion 2: category V and VI, criterion 3: category IV, V and VI) in overall and high suspicion nodules (90.1‐99.5% vs 69.7%–88.3%, all P‐values < 0.001) and low/intermediate suspicion nodules, except criterion 1 (61.9%–100% vs 36.4%–45.5%, all P ≤ .016). In ROC curve analysis, the areas under the ROC curve of CNB were significantly higher than those for FNA with any criterion in overall and high suspicion nodules (P < .001) and in low/intermediate suspicion nodules, except criterion 1 (P ≤ .008). CNB had a slightly higher minor complication rate than FNA (0.7% vs 0%, P ≥ .069).ConclusionOur study suggests that CNB has a complementary role as an alternative first‐line diagnostic tool to FNA for the initial diagnosis of thyroid nodules when performed by an experienced operator.
Otorhinolaryngology litigation in England: 727 clinical negligence cases against the National Health Service
Authors: Navaratnam Annakan Victor , Hariri Ahmad , Ho Cherrie , Machin John T , Briggs Tim WR , Marshall Andrew 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionLitigation against the National Health Service (NHS) in England is rising. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and characteristics of otorhinolaryngology clinical negligence claims in England.MethodsA retrospective review was undertaken of all clinical negligence claims in England held by NHS Resolution relating to otorhinolaryngology between April 2013 and April 2018. Analysis was performed using information for cause, patient injury and claim cost. Where claim information was adequately detailed, the authors categorised claims by subspecialty, diagnosis and surgery.ResultsA total number of 727 claims were identified with an estimated potential cost of £108 million. Out of these, 463 were closed claims. Including open claim reserves, the mean cost of a claim was £148 923. Head and neck surgery was the subspecialty with the highest number of claims (n = 313, 43%) and highest cost (£51.5 million) followed by otology (n = 171, £24.5 million) and rhinology (n = 171, £13.6 million). Over half of claims were associated with an operation (n = 429, 59%) where mastoid surgery (n = 46) and endoscopic sinus surgery (n = 46) were equally associated with the greatest number of claims. The most frequent causes for clinical negligence claims included failure or delay to diagnose (n = 178, 25%), failure or delay to treat (n = 136, 19%), intra‐operative complications (n = 130, 18%) and failure of the consent process (n = 107, 15%).DiscussionClinical negligence claims in otorhinolaryngology are related to several different components of patient management and are not limited to postoperative complications. This study highlights the importance of robust pathways in out‐patient diagnostics and the consenting process in order to deliver better patient care and reduce the impact of litigation.Keywordsinformed consent, malpractice, clinical negligence claims, litigation, otolaryngology
The sentence superiority effect in young readers
Authors: Massol Stéphanie , Grainger Jonathan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe sentence superiority effect observed with skilled adult readers has been taken to reflect parallel processing of word identities and the rapid construction of a preliminary syntactic structure. Here we examined if such processing is already present in primary school children in Grade 3 (average age 8.9 years). Children saw sequences of four horizontally aligned words presented simultaneously for 500 ms and followed by a post‐mask and post‐cue indicating the position for report of one of the four words. Word identification was more accurate in grammatically correct sequences compared with ungrammatical scrambled sequences of the same words, and this sentence superiority effect did not interact with position. This replicates the pattern found in prior research with adults and suggests that parallel word processing and the associated efficiency in syntactic processing arealready in place in Grade 3. We also found that accuracy in identifying words, independently of the surrounding context, correlated with reading age. This points to efficient word‐in‐sequence identification as one key ingredient of the process of becoming a skilled reader.
Infusing Social Justice into Decision Sciences Core Courses
Authors: Sebastianelli Rose , Isil Ozgur , Li Yibai 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTWe measure the effectiveness of infusing social justice (SJ) issues into undergraduate business core courses in the decision sciences for promoting positive change in students’ attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors toward SJ. SJ issues are infused into the undergraduate business curriculum through five required core courses in the areas of statistics, management science, operations, and information management. Two sections of each course, taught by the same instructor, serve as the experimental (treatment) and control groups, respectively. The strategies used to infuse SJ into experimental sections depend on the subject matter. We use an established social justice scale (SJS), administered at the beginning (pre) and end (post) of the semester, to assess impact. Results reveal a significant treatment effect in the desired direction on both students’ attitudes toward and perceived norms around SJ, but not on their perceived control of, or intentions to engage in, behaviors related to SJ. This finding provides empirical evidence for opportunities to impact students’ attitudes and perceptions about SJ through integration of these issues into existing core courses. However, it indicates that a more holistic approach may be needed to alter their behaviors or actions on behalf of SJ. Our study is novel in its use of decision‐science core courses as the means to integrate SJ into an undergraduate business curriculum.
Origins of regional divergence: economic growth in socialist Yugoslavia†
Authors: Kukić Leonard 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRelative to western Europe, we know very little about the determinants of economic growth at the regional level within socialist Europe. This is somewhat unusual, given that socialist policy‐makers have put great emphasis on equitable regional development. This article analyses the regional patterns of growth and divergence in socialist Yugoslavia. New estimates of output and inputs are constructed, and an analysis of output growth, factor accumulation, structural modernization, and productivity is provided. Two novel empirical findings are uncovered. The first is that the sources of growth across the regions were fundamentally different. Total factor productivity was a much more important source of growth in the richer regions than it was in the poorer ones. The second finding is that the source of the regional income divergence lies in the failure of the less developed regions to converge towards the employment rates and total factor productivities of the more developed regions. These failures are interpreted, at least partially, as symptoms of the governing objective and the soft budget constraint of the labour‐managed firms that operated in Yugoslavia. It is argued that Yugoslavia's development model was less suited to the pre‐conditions that prevailed in the less developed parts of the country.
Concordance in survival among first‐degree relatives diagnosed with indolent lymphoid malignancies including chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Baecklund Fredrik , Ekberg Sara , Rosenquist Richard , Askling Johan , Eloranta Sandra , Smedby Karin E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate concordance in survival time among first‐degree relatives with lymphoid malignancies.MethodsBy linkage of national Swedish registers, we identified 66 430 patients diagnosed with a lymphoid malignancy 1958‐2016 with information on first‐degree relationships and follow‐up until 2017. Among these, we identified pairs of first‐degree relatives with any (N = 3326) or a similar (N = 690) lymphoid malignancy subtype. We defined survival in the first‐degree relative as good, expected, or poor based on tertiles of deviance residuals from a multivariable Cox regression model. Next, we used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HR) of death with 95% confidence intervals (CI) among patients, using the survival of their first‐degree relative as exposure and adjusting for confounders.ResultsThere was no concordance in survival among first‐degree relatives with any lymphoid malignancy (HRgood = 1.00 (reference), HRExpected = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.89‐1.17, HRPoor = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.98‐1.27, Ptrend = .08). Among first‐degree relatives with indolent lymphoma, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, those with a first‐degree relative to an expected or poor survival had worse outcome compared to those with a first‐degree relative with good survival (HRExpected = 1.44, 95% CI: 0.82‐2.53, HRPoor = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.07‐3.00, Ptrend = .03).ConclusionOur results support a role of inherited factors in the outcome of indolent lymphoma, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Whole‐genome SNP markers reveal conservation status, signatures of selection, and introgression in Chinese Laiwu pigs
Authors: Wang Xiaopeng , Zhang Hui , Huang Min , Tang Jianhong , Yang Lijuan , Yu Zhiqiang , Li Desen , Li Guixin , Jiang Yongchuang , Sun Yanxiao , Wei Shudong , Xu Pan , Ren Jun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLaiwu pigs are a Chinese indigenous breed that is renowned for its exceptionally high intramuscular fat content (average greater than 6%), providing an excellent genetic resource for the genetic improvement of meat quality of modern commercial pigs. To uncover genetic diversity, population structure, signature of selection, and potential exotic introgression in this breed, we sampled 238 Laiwu pigs from a state‐supported conservation population and genotyped these individuals using GeneSeek 80K SNP BeadChip. We then conducted in‐depth population genetics analyses for the Laiwu pig in a context of 1,116 pigs from 42 Eurasian diverse breeds. First, we show that the current Laiwu population has more abundant genetic diversity than the population of 18 years ago likely due to gene flow from European commercial breeds. Both neighbor‐joining (NJ) and principal component analyses indicate the introgression of European haplotypes into Laiwu pigs. The admixture analysis reveals that an average 26.66% of Laiwu genetic components are of European origin. Then, we assigned the tested individuals to different families according to their clustering patterns in the NJ tree and proposed a family‐based conservation strategy to reduce the risk of inbreeding depression in Laiwu pigs. Next, we explored three statistics (ROH and iHS and EigenGWAS) to identify a list of candidate genes for fat deposition, reproduction, and growth in Laiwu pigs. Last, we detected a strong signature of introgression from European pigs into Laiwu pigs at the GPC6 locus that regulates the growth of developing long bones. Further association analyses indicate that the introgressed GPC6 haplotype likely contributed to the improvement of growth performance in Laiwu pigs. Altogether, this study not only benefits the better conservation of the Laiwu pig, but also advances our knowledge of the poorly understood effect of human‐mediated introgression on phenotypic traits in Chinese indigenous pigs.
Matrix metalloproteinases in keratinocyte carcinomas
Authors: Riihilä Pilvi , Nissinen Liisa , Kähäri Veli‐Matti 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe incidence of cutaneous keratinocyte‐derived cancers is increasing globally. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignancy worldwide, and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the most common metastatic skin cancer. BCC can be classified into subtypes based on the histology, and these subtypes are classified further into low‐ and high‐risk tumors. There is an increasing need to identify new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of unresectable and metastatic cSCC, and for aggressive BCC variants such as infiltrating, basosquamous or morpheaform BCCs. The most important risk factor for BCC and cSCC is solar UV radiation, which causes genetic and epigenetic alterations in keratinocytes. Similar gene mutations are noted already in sun‐exposed normal skin emphasizing the role of the alterations in the tumor microenvironment in the progression of cSCC. Early events in cSCC progression are alterations in the composition of basement membrane and dermal extracellular matrix induced by influx of microbes, inflammatory cells and activated stromal fibroblasts. Activated fibroblasts promote inflammation and produce growth factors and proteolytic enzymes, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Transforming growth factor‐β produced by tumor cells and fibroblasts induces the expression of MMPs by cSCC cells and promotes their invasion. Fibroblast‐derived keratinocyte growth factor suppresses the malignant phenotype of cSCC cells by inhibiting the expression of several MMPs. These findings emphasize the importance of interplay of tumor and stromal cells in the progression of cSCC and BCC and suggest tumor microenvironment as a therapeutic target in cSCC and aggressive subtypes of BCC.
Microstrain measurements and damage analysis during tensile loading of intercritical austempered ductile iron
Authors: Fernandino Diego O. , Di Cocco Vittorio , Boeri Roberto E. , Iacoviello Francesco 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe study focuses on the measurement of microstrain and the assessment of damage during tensile loading of intercritical austempered ductile iron by using digital image correlation technique and in situ observations. The results show that the first stages of damage involve the initiation and propagation of cracks along the matrix‐nodule interface. By comparing the strain maps retrieved from digital image correlation analysis with the microstructure, plastic deformations were observed to be located preferentially in the ferritic internodular areas. However, for a more advanced stage of damage, cracks are seen to initiate in the metallic matrix at the boundary between ausferrite sheaves and propagate preferentially following the direction of the ausferrite plates. The final fracture shows a mix of quasi‐cleavage and ductile morphology. The quasi‐cleavage is produced by the nucleation and growth of multiple quasi‐cleavage cracks formed on the ausferrite sheaves, while the overloaded ferritic zones are fractured by ductile tearing.