bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Imaging Markers of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Predict Hematoma Volume and Outcome in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage?
Authors: Warrier Anand R. , Bhatia Rohit , Garg Ajay , Padma Srivastava M.V. , Dash Deepa , Tripathi Manjari , Singh Mamta Bhushan , Singh Vishwajeet , Vishnubhatla Sreenivas , Prasad Kameshwar 
Published: July 2020

Background and Purpose:
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) markers have not been widely studied in relation to hematoma volume and growth in hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The objectives to assess the relationship of white matter hyperintense lesions (WMHL), microbleeds (MBs), and cortical siderosis (CSS) with hematoma volume, hematoma expansion (HE), and 3 months outcome in patients with hypertensive ICH.

Methods:
All consecutive acute hypertensive supratentorial ICH presenting to the emergency were prospectively recruited. Baseline and 24 hours computed tomography (CT) to assess hematoma volume and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for CSVD markers were performed in all subjects. WMHL (graded using Fazekas's scale), MBs, and CSS were assessed and compared with baseline variables and outcomes. All the images were assessed by an experienced stroke neurologist/neuroradiologist.

Results:
One hundred and fifty-seven patients were screened and 60 were included. Mean age was 54.08 ± 11.57 years and 47 (78%) were males. Of 60, 19 (28.1%) had HE, 31 (51.6%) had major bleed (>30 ml), and 28 (47.46%) had poor 3 month outcome (mRS 4-6). On univariate analysis, high grade WMHL was associated with greater HE [odds ratio (OR): 2.65, confidence interval (CI) 1.48–4.72, P = 0.001), greater proportion with volume >30 ml (OR: 7.16, CI: 1.09–47.13, P = 0.001) and poor outcome (OR: 2.1, CI: 0.05–3.27, P = 0.001). MBs were associated with poor outcome (P = 0.029) but not with HE/volume. CSS was related to HE (P = 0.031), a large volume bleed (P = 0.023), and poor outcome (P = 0.021). On multivariate model, only WMHL independently predicted HE (P = 0.034), greater proportion with bleed volume >30 ml (P = 0.041), and poor outcome (P = 0.042).

Conclusions:
WMHL in MRI serves as a predictor of hematoma expansion, a large volume bleed, and poor outcome in hypertensive ICH and may be incorporated into existing prediction models.
Utility of Immunohistochemistry and Western Blot in Profiling Clinically Suspected Cases of Congenital Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Mhatre Radhika , Sekar Deepha , Ponmalar Jessiena , Nagappa Madhu , Veeramani Preethish-Kumar , Polavarapu Kiran , Vengalil Seena , Atchayaram Nalini , Narayanappa Gayathri 
Published: July 2020

Objective:
Immunocharacterization of congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) to determine the frequency of various subtypes in a large Indian Cohort.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective (2014-2017) study was carried on muscle biopsies of clinically suspected cases of CMD with histological evidence of dystrophy/myopathic features. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) to antibodies against laminin (α2, α5,β1,γ1), Collagen-VI (A1,2,3), and Western blot (WB) for α-dystroglycan and POMT1 was performed.

Results:
The study included 57 cases, of which 15 cases (26.3%) had mean age at presentation of 3.5 years, M: F = 1.5:1, elevated creatinine kinase (CK) (mean 1657 U/L), global developmental delay, multiple contractures, abnormal facies, white matter hyperintensities and showed laminin-α2 deficiency (Merosin deficient CMD). In addition, secondary reduction in laminin-β1, over-expression of laminin-α5, and preserved laminin-γ1 was noted. Ullrich CMD constituted 11/57 cases (19.2%) with mean age at presentation of 5.3 years, M: F = 1.2:1 and normal CK. They presented with proximal muscle weakness, soft velvety palms and soles, contractures, and joint hyperextensibility. Collagen-VI (A1,2,3) showed either complete (n = 3) or sarcolemmal specific (n = 8) loss of staining. Out of the remaining 31 cases, WB for α-dystroglycan was performed in 17 cases which showed deficiency in seven (12.3%). Three of these in addition revealed secondary partial loss of laminin-α2. WB for POMT1 showed deficiency in a single case clinically diagnosed Walker–Warburg syndrome, who presented with seizures and classical features of pachygyria, lissencephaly, and cerebellar cyst on MRI. Twenty-four cases (42.2%) remained uncharacterized and need genetic evaluation.

Conclusion:
The study helped in characterizing 57.8% of the proband. Immunotyping helps to direct mutational analysis for targeted genes and offers a potential route for prenatal diagnosis.
Hepatitis B in hepatocellular carcinoma patients and its correlation with alpha-fetoprotein and liver enzymes
Authors: Surit Richa , Shekhar Ravi , Sinha Dinesh Kumar , Singh Sanjeet Kumar , Kumar Uday , Prasad Nidhi 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in India ranges from 0.7 to 7.5 for men and 0.2 to 2.2 for women, per 100,000 population per year. The major risk factors for the development of HCC are infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus, and cirrhosis of liver. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and liver enzymes are widely used by clinicians for diagnostic purpose in HCC.

Aims and Objective:
This study was conducted in HCC patients related to HBV infection and to assess the significance of AFP and liver enzymes in it.

Materials and Methods:
Blood samples of 68 patients were taken. The samples were analyzed for AFP and liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], and alkaline phosphatase [ALP]). Liver enzymes were estimated by auto analyzer OLYMPUS AU400. AFP was analyzed by chemiluminescence immunoassay.

Results:
The mean values of AFP in serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) negative and positive patients ranges from 22745.4 to 23269.3 ng/ml with P = 0.921. The mean value of ALP in HbsAg-negative patients was 418 U/ml, whereas in positive patients, it was 310 U/ml. Both the groups did not show any significant changes in AFP levels. The ALP showed slight rise in negative group. The other parameters did not show significant rise in all patients.

Conclusion:
These values suggest that there was no significant influence of viral etiology on AFP and liver enzymes level in HCC patients.
Asynchronous XSLT
Authors: Kay Michael 
Published: July 2020

This paper describes a proposal for language extensions to XSLT 3.0, and to the XDM data model, to provide for asynchronous processing.
The proposal is particularly motivated by the requirement for asynchronous retrieval of external resources on the Javascript platform (whether client-side or server-side), but other use cases for asynchronous processing, and other execution platforms, are also considered.
Pipelined XSLT Transformations
Authors: Nordström Ari 
Published: July 2020

This paper is a commercial for pipelined XSLT transformations, hoping to convince the reader to move to a liberating step-by-step approach to write your transformations rather than continuing to endure the pain that is known as monolithic XSLTs. Pipelined transformations are about writing small steps run in sequence, the output of one step providing the input of the next, and with each step focussing on one task rather than, well, everything. Developing and debugging becomes easier, and so does testing and documentation.
It all runs in XProc, but knowing XProc is not a requirement (even though it's fun in its own right); XSLT is enough to enjoy pipelined XSLTs. This paper should provide enough information, including implementations and examples, to get the reader started.
How Suite it is: Declarative XForms Submission Testing
Authors: Pemberton Steven 
Published: July 2020

Submission, the process of sending data to a server and dealing with the response, is probably the hardest part of XForms to implement, and certainly involves the XForms element with the most attributes. This is largely due to legacy: XForms was designed to work with existing standards, and HTTP submission was designed before XML existed: the data representations are several, and on occasion byzantine.
Part of the process of producing a standard such as XForms is a test suite to check implementability of the specification. The original XForms test suite consisted of a large collection of XForms, one XForm per feature to be tested. These had to be run by hand, and the output inspected to determine if the test had passed.
As a part of the XForms 2.0 effort, a new test suite is being designed and built. This tests features by introspection, without user intervention, so that the XForm itself can report if it has passed or not. Current work within the test suite is on submission.
This paper gives an overview of how the test suite works, and discusses the issues involved with submission, the XForms approach to it, and how to go about introspecting something that has left the client before you can cast your eyes on it.
Deportation of Ukrainians from Ethnic Areas in Poland and Contemplation of the International Community in 1944-1946
Authors: Liubchyk I. 
Published: July 2020

In the article, the author attempts to consider the nature of contemplation of the international community on the deportation of Ukrainians from ethnic lands in Poland during 1944-1946. The author implements this task through archival documentation, which to some extent justifies extensive quotations. Today, the subject of post-war resettlement for Ukrainians and Poles is ambiguous, both in interpretation and in the politics of memory. The deportation of Ukrainians of the borderlands is a conflict of the historical memory of both peoples: Ukrainians want to remember the history which Poles prefer to forget. We learn about the terrible conditions of social adaptation of Polish deportees in the USSR from the epistolary of deportees, which they had been sending abroad in hope that relatives would read the letters. However, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR had been intercepting those letters. In this sense, a conscious part of the local intelligentsia of the region was aware of the passive position of international politicians and the public on the unjustified eviction of autochthonous Ukrainians, but sincerely sought and expected its help. The analysis of The Open Letter of Ukrainians living behind the Curzon line entitled “To the whole civilized world” written in October 1945 convincingly evidences it. Losing hope of voluntary eviction, this letter was a kind of mouthpiece of Ukrainians in the region to the international community, hoping to be heard and supported. The author concludes that the international community did not live up to the hopes and expectations of Ukrainians who found themselves in a “war after war” and gradually lost their native lands, where they were indigenous.
The deportation of 1944-1946, the local population from Lemkovschina, became a tragic ethno-political experiment of the USSR and Poland, which Lemkos had to survive in modern times.
Impact of training on practical skills of Iraqi health providers towards integrated management of neonate and child health - a multicentre cross- sectional study
Authors: Al-Samarrai Mustafa Ali Mustafa , Ali Jadoo Saad Ahmed 
Published: July 2020

Background: This study aims to assess the mandatory practical skills of caregivers towards the implementation of the Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness (IMNCI) strategy in primary health care (PHC) centers of Salah al-Din governorate in Iraq.
Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted from January to May 2014. An equal sample of 42 trained and 42 non-trained caregivers who are working in 20 PHC centers in Tikrit city and other districts of Salah al-Din governorate of Iraq were included. The study tool was a semi-structured questionnaire with 20 questions covering different required practical skills that caregivers should have. The total score was 100 and in a range of 4- 6 points for each question. An independent sample t-test was used to compare the means of numerical variables.
Results: The mean age of total respondents were (33.18 ± 5.82Years), and the vast majority (63, 75.0%) were females. More than two-third (58, 69.0%) were paramedical compared to 26 (31.0%), who were doctors. Trained caregivers had statistically significant better practice (73.48 ± 13.46) compared to non- trained caregivers (63.95 ± 17.44). Trained doctors had statistically significant better practice (88.15 ± 2.70) compared to trained paramedical staff (66.90 ± 10.84). Trained caregivers from Tikrit city had statistically significantly better practice (80.26 ± 7.38) compared to trained caregivers from districts (67.89± 14.85). The highest proportion (97.5%) of trained caregivers felt the child for fever or body hotness appropriately, and the lowest proportion (59.5%) of them recorded age, height, and weight correctly.
Conclusion: This study showed that training has a positive influence on the implementation of IMNCI interventions. IMNCI-trained caregivers were more likely to correctly classify illnesses than non-trained caregivers.
ANALISIS PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN DAN PELATIHAN TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS KARYAWAN PADA PT. RODAMAS MAKASSAR.
Authors: Bakri Muhammad 
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan Untuk mengetahui langkah-langkah pengembangan karyawan yang dilakukan manajemen PT. Rodamas Makassar dan pengaruh pendidikan dan pelatihan terhadap produktivitas karyawan. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis kuantitatif yang digunakan untuk membandingkan jumlah output dan jumlah input dari perusahaan Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Produktivitas kerja karyawan PT. Rodamas Makassar diukur berdasarkan prosentase penyelesaian pekerjaan, di mana sejak tahun 2013 sampai tahun 2017 mengalami peningkatan, yaitu pada tahun 2013 sebesar 83 %, tahun 2014 sebesar 84 %, tahun 2015 sebesar 87 %, tahun 2016 sebesar 88 % dan pada tahun 2017 sebesar 92 % dan Analisis pengaruh pendidikan dan pelatihan terhadap peningkatan produktivitas kerja menghasilkan angka 3,57, yang berarti jika jumlah karyawan PT. Rodamas Makassar yang mengikuti diklat ditingkatkan atau untuk setiap satu orang, maka produktivitas kerja akan meningkat sebesar 3,57 %. Sementara hasil analisis koefisien korelasi menunjukkan angka 0,98, yang berarti bahwa antara pendidikan dan pelatihan dengan produktivitas kerja mempunyai hubungan yang kuat atau positif dan searah, sehingga salah satu variabel naik turun akan diikuti dengan kenaikan dan penurunan variabel lainnya, dan untuk koefisien determinasinya menunjukkan hasil bahwa 94 % pendidikan dan pelatihan mempengaruhi peningkatan produktivitas kerja karyawan.
How Credibility Endorser Strengthen Brand Equity: Case Study in Shoppe Consumers
Authors: Rohmawati Siti Nur Laily 
Published: July 2020

The background of this study is the difference in research results, wherein the research conducted by Dewi (2017) where endorser credibility does not affect brand equity. While Spry (2011) and Sondakh (2015) endorser credibility have a significant effect on brand equity.
This study aims to analyze the effect of endorser credibility on brand equity. The research sample is Post Millennial Shopee consumers with 100 respondents. The sampling technique uses probability sampling. Data processing and hypothesis testing using path analysis.
The results showed that Endorser credibility affected brand credibility. Endorser credibility affects brand. Brand credibility affects brand equity, and Brand credibility mediates endorser credibility towards Brand equity.
An approach to a practical optimization of reliability centered maintenance. Case study: power transformer in hydro power plant
Authors: Martinez-Monseco Francisco Javier 
Published: July 2020

<p>Any industrial organization has to analyse the maintenance strategy that it is applying to ensure the maximum efficiency of the system. This includes to define the maintenance policy, a well-analysed maintenance plan, and correct maintenance management and operational procedures. The maintenance department in most industrial organizations has to be continuously justifying the costs associated with their activities to avoid the continuous cuts requested by management based on the economic business plan for asset management. This paper presents the bases of the reliability centered maintenance and describes a practical case referring to a critical electrical equipment of an electrical system, such as the power transformer of a hydroelectric power plant. The power transformer in a hydroelectric power plant constitutes a fundamental electrical equipment because a failure in its operation can generate a long lasting unavailability of the system in the electrical generation with the consequent losses associated to the business.</p><p> </p>
Sensitivity of age of air trends to the derivation method for non-linear increasing inert SF6
Authors: Fritsch Frauke , Garny Hella , Engel Andreas , Bönisch Harald , Eichinger Roland 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Mean age of air (AoA) is a diagnostic of transport along the stratospheric Brewer–Dobson circulation. While models consistently show negative trends, long-term time series (1975–2016) of AoA derived from observations show non-significant positive trends in mean AoA in the Northern Hemisphere. This discrepancy between observed and modelled mean AoA trends is still not resolved. There are uncertainties and assumptions required when deriving AoA from trace gas observations. At the same time, AoA from climate models is subject to uncertainties, too. In this paper, we focus on the uncertainties due to the parameter selection in the method that is used to derive mean AoA from SF6 measurements in Engel et al. (2009, 2017). To correct for the non-linear increase in SF6 concentrations, a quadratic fit to the time series at the reference location, i.e. the tropical surface, is used. For this derivation, the width of the AoA distribution (age spectrum) has to be assumed. In addition, to choose the number of years the quadratic fit is performed for, the fraction of the age spectrum to be considered has to be assumed. Even though the uncertainty range due to all different aspects has already been taken into account for the total errors in the AoA values, the systematic influence of the parameter selection on AoA trends is described for the first time in the present study. For this, we use the EMAC (ECHAM MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry) climate model as a test bed, where AoA derived from a linear tracer is available as a reference and modelled age spectra exist to diagnose the actual spatial age spectra widths. The comparison of mean AoA from the linear tracer with mean AoA from a SF6 tracer shows systematic deviations specifically in the trends due to the selection of the parameters. However, for an appropriate parameter selection, good agreement for both mean AoA and its trend can be found, with deviations of about 1 % in mean AoA and 12 % in AoA trend. In addition, a method to derive mean AoA is evaluated that applies a convolution to the reference time series. The resulting mean AoA and its trend only depend on an assumption about the ratio of moments. Also in that case, it is found that the larger the ratio of moments, the more the AoA trend gravitates towards the negative. The linear tracer and SF6 AoA are found to agree within 0.3 % in the mean and 6 % in the trend. The different methods and parameter selections were then applied to the balloon-borne SF6 and CO2 observations. We found the same systematic changes in mean AoA trend dependent on the specific selection. When applying a parameter choice that is suggested by the model results, the AoA trend is reduced from 0.15 to 0.07 years per decade. It illustrates that correctly constraining those parameters is crucial for correct mean AoA and trend estimates and still remains a challenge in the real atmosphere.
The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) influences phytoplankton communities in the seasonal ice zone of the Southern Ocean
Authors: Greaves Bruce L. , Davidson Andrew T. , Fraser Alexander D. , McKinlay John P. , Martin Andrew , McMinn Andrew , Wright Simon W. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Ozone depletion and climate change are causing the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) to become increasingly positive, driving stronger winds southward in the Southern Ocean (SO), with likely effects on phytoplankton habitat due to possible changes in ocean mixing, nutrient upwelling, and sea ice characteristics. This study examined the effect of the SAM and 12 other environmental variables on the abundance of siliceous and calcareous phytoplankton in the seasonal ice zone (SIZ) of the SO. A total of 52 surface-water samples were collected during repeat resupply voyages between Hobart, Australia, and Dumont d'Urville, Antarctica, centred around longitude 142∘ E, over 11 consecutive austral spring–summer seasons (2002–2012), and spanning 131 d in the spring–summer from 20 October to 28 February. A total of 22 taxa groups, comprised of individual species, groups of species, genera, or higher taxonomic groups, were analysed using CAP analysis (constrained analysis of principal coordinates), cluster analysis, and correlation. Overall, satellite-derived estimates of total chlorophyll and measured depletion of macronutrients both indicated a more positive SAM was associated with greater productivity in the SIZ. The greatest effect of the SAM on phytoplankton communities was the average value of the SAM across 57 d in the previous austral autumn centred around 11 March, which explained 13.3 % of the variance in community composition in the following spring–summer. This autumn SAM index was significantly correlated pair-wise (p<0.05) with the relative abundance of 12 of the 22 taxa groups resolved. A more positive SAM favoured increases in the relative abundance of large Chaetoceros spp. that predominated later in the spring–summer and reductions in small diatom taxa and siliceous and calcareous flagellates that predominated earlier in the spring–summer. Individual species belonging to the abundant Fragilariopsis genera responded differently to the SAM, indicating the importance of species-level observation in detecting SAM-induced changes in phytoplankton communities. The day through the spring–summer on which a sample was collected explained a significant and larger proportion (15.4 %) of the variance in the phytoplankton community composition than the SAM, yet this covariate was a proxy for such environmental factors as ice cover and sea surface temperature, factors that are regarded as drivers of the extreme seasonal variability in phytoplankton communities in Antarctic waters. The impacts of SAM on phytoplankton, which are the pasture of the SO and principal energy source for Antarctic life, would have ramifications for both carbon export and food availability for higher trophic levels in the SIZ of the SO.