bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Satellite remote sensing reveals impacts from dam‐associated hydrological changes on chlorophyll‐a in the world's largest desert lake
Authors: Tebbs Emma J. , Avery Sean T. , Chadwick Michael A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe present an approach that uses satellite products to derive models for predicting lake chlorophyll from environmental variables, and for investigating impacts of changing environmental flows. Lake Turkana, Kenya, is the world's largest desert lake, and environmental flows from the Omo River have been modified since 2015 by the Gibe III dam in Ethiopia. Using satellite remote sensing, we have evaluated the influence of these altered hydrological patterns on large‐scale lake phytoplankton concentrations for the first time. Prior to dam completion, strong seasonal cycles and large spatial gradients in chlorophyll have been observed, related to natural fluctuations in the Omo River's seasonal discharge. During this period, mean lake chlorophyll showed a strong relationship with both river inflows and lake levels. Empirical models were derived which considered multiple hydro‐climatic drivers, but the best model for predicting chlorophyll‐a was a simple model based on Omo River discharge. Application of this model to data for 2015–2016 estimated that during the filling of Gibe III annual mean Lake Turkana chlorophyll declined by 30%. Future water management scenarios based on Gibe III operations predict reduced seasonal chlorophyll‐a variability, while irrigation scenarios showed marked declines in chlorophyll‐a depending on the level of abstraction. These changes demonstrate how infrastructure developments such as dams can significantly alter lake primary production. Our remote sensing approach is easy to adapt to other lakes to understand how their phytoplankton dynamics may be affected by water management scenarios.
Ultrasound‐based risk model for preoperative prediction of lymph‐node metastases in women with endometrial cancer: model‐development study
Authors: Eriksson L. S. E. , Epstein E. , Testa A. C. , Fischerova D. , Valentin L. , Sladkevicius P. , Franchi D. , Frühauf F. , Fruscio R. , Haak L. A. , Opolskiene G. , Mascilini F. , Alcazar J. L. , Van Holsbeke C. , Chiappa V. , Bourne T. , Lindqvist P. G. , Van Calster B. , Timmerman D. , Verbakel J. Y. , Van den Bosch T. , Wynants L. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo develop a preoperative risk model, using endometrial biopsy results and clinical and ultrasound variables, to predict the individual risk of lymph‐node metastases in women with endometrial cancer.MethodsA mixed‐effects logistic regression model for prediction of lymph‐node metastases was developed in 1501 prospectively included women with endometrial cancer undergoing transvaginal ultrasound examination before surgery, from 16 European centers. Missing data, including missing lymph‐node status, were imputed. Discrimination, calibration and clinical utility of the model were evaluated using leave‐center‐out cross validation. The predictive performance of the model was compared with that of risk classification from endometrial biopsy alone (high‐risk defined as endometrioid cancer Grade 3/non‐endometrioid cancer) or combined endometrial biopsy and ultrasound (high‐risk defined as endometrioid cancer Grade 3/non‐endometrioid cancer/deep myometrial invasion/cervical stromal invasion/extrauterine spread).ResultsLymphadenectomy was performed in 691 women, of whom 127 had lymph‐node metastases. The model for prediction of lymph‐node metastases included the predictors age, duration of abnormal bleeding, endometrial biopsy result, tumor extension and tumor size according to ultrasound and undefined tumor with an unmeasurable endometrium. The model's area under the curve was 0.73 (95% CI, 0.68–0.78), the calibration slope was 1.06 (95% CI, 0.79–1.34) and the calibration intercept was 0.06 (95% CI, –0.15 to 0.27). Using a risk threshold for lymph‐node metastases of 5% compared with 20%, the model had, respectively, a sensitivity of 98% vs 48% and specificity of 11% vs 80%. The model had higher sensitivity and specificity than did classification as high‐risk, according to endometrial biopsy alone (50% vs 35% and 80% vs 77%, respectively) or combined endometrial biopsy and ultrasound (80% vs 75% and 53% vs 52%, respectively). The model's clinical utility was higher than that of endometrial biopsy alone or combined endometrial biopsy and ultrasound at any given risk threshold.ConclusionsBased on endometrial biopsy results and clinical and ultrasound characteristics, the individual risk of lymph‐node metastases in women with endometrial cancer can be estimated reliably before surgery. The model is superior to risk classification by endometrial biopsy alone or in combination with ultrasound. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Technology effects in repowering wind turbines
Authors: Lacal‐Arántegui Roberto , Uihlein Andreas , Yusta José María 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis research investigates, analyses, and quantifies the technological effects of wind turbine repowering (ie, where old turbines are removed and new turbines are installed at the same or a very close location, including the enhanced performance in energy production). In these cases, it is assumed that both old and new turbines are subject to the same wind regime, other than because of technological elements, such as hub height, and thus it is possible to isolate the effects of new technology from the effect of changing local wind conditions. This research is based on the analysis of empirical data on repowering turbines in Denmark and Germany, and on historical production data available for the Danish component of the data set. Technological innovations are expected to enable new wind turbines to capture more energy at the repowering site, mostly through larger rotors and higher hub heights, and this is what this study has analysed. The results show that new turbines in repowering projects are twice as high, have three times the rotor diameter, nine times the swept area, six times the nominal power, and nine times as much electricity as the old turbines. However, the most significant improvement is probably the increase of capacity factor of 7.1% on a per‐turbine basis, or 9.7% on a per‐production basis.
Lactate: Fueling the fire starter
Authors: Certo Michelangelo , Marone Giancarlo , de Paulis Amato , Mauro Claudio , Pucino Valentina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIt is becoming increasingly appreciated that intermediates of metabolic pathways, besides their anabolic and catabolic functions, can act as signaling molecules and influence the outcome of immune responses. Although lactate was previously considered as a waste product of glucose metabolism, accumulating evidence has highlighted its pivotal role in regulating diverse biological processes, including immune cell polarization, differentiation and effector functions. In addition, lactate is a key player in modulating tumor immune surveillance. Hence, targeting lactate‐induced signaling pathways is a promising tool to reduce inflammation, to prevent autoimmunity and to restore anti‐tumor immune response.This article is characterized under:
Biological Mechanisms > Metabolism
Der Non-Suizid-Vertrag auf dem Prüfstand
Authors: Gerstl Lisa 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Behandlung suizidaler Patien_innen birgt eine Komponente, die nicht in jeder Psychotherapie zum Ausdruck kommt: die Bedrohung des Lebens der Patient_innen sowie damit einhergehend die Angst der Behandler_innen um die Patient_innen bzw. vor rechtlichen Folgen. Auf Grund dessen kommen in solchen Behandlungen oft Non-Suizid-Verträge (NSV) zum Einsatz. Die Intention solch einer Intervention kann in der Aufrechterhaltung des therapeutischen Prozesses und in der Absicherung von Leib und Leben der Patient_innen gesehen werden. Im Rahmen des vorliegenden Artikels wird der Ausgangspunkt sowie die Verbreitung der Intervention NSV aufgezeigt. Anschließend werden ausgewählte Studien präsentiert, die Wirkfaktoren (Haupt-Wirkung, Neben-Wirkung, Wechsel-Wirkung und Schäden) ausgearbeitet und Implikationen für die Praxis, unter Anlehnung an alternative Interventionen bei der Arbeit mit suizidalen Patient_innen, gegeben. Die Diskussion der Ergebnisse ausgewählter Studien zeigt, dass der Einsatz eines NSV kritisch gesehen werden muss, da er oft unreflektiert erfolgt und NSV sich förderlich, aber genauso schädlich auf die Suizidalität auswirken können.
Clinical efficacy and safety of dotinurad, a novel selective urate reabsorption inhibitor, in Japanese hyperuricemic patients with or without gout: an exploratory, randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group early phase 2 study
Authors: Hosoya Tatsuo , Sano Takafumi , Sasaki Tomomitsu , Fushimi Masahiko , Ohashi Tetsuo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Dotinurad, a novel selective urate reabsorption inhibitor (SURI) that has a future potential for the treatment of hyperuricemia, reduces serum uric acid levels by selectively inhibiting urate transporter 1 (URAT1). We evaluated the efficacy and safety of dotinurad in hyperuricemic Japanese patients with or without gout.

Methods
The study design was an exploratory, early phase 2 study that ran for 8 weeks. It was a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study, and performed in a dose escalation manner. There were four study arms consisting of dotinurad 1, 2, or 4 mg, and placebo. The primary endpoint was the percent change in serum uric acid level from the baseline to the final visit. The secondary endpoint was the percentage of patients achieving a serum uric acid level ≤ 6.0 mg/dL at the final visit.

Results
A total of 80 hyperuricemic patients with or without gout were enrolled and randomly assigned to the dotinurad or placebo groups. The mean percent change in serum uric acid level from the baseline to the final visit in the dotinurad 1, 2, 4 mg, and placebo groups was 37.03%, 50.91%, 64.37%, and 0.85%, respectively. The percentages of patients achieving a serum uric acid level ≤ 6.0 mg/dL at the final visit in each group were 75.0%, 89.5%, 95.2%, and none, respectively. The incidence of adverse events was comparable among all groups.

Conclusion
Dotinurad has a substantial serum uric acid lowering effect in patients with hyperuricemia. No serious adverse event was found.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier
NCT02344862
Impact of the invasive alien topmouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva) and its associated parasite Sphaerothecum destruens on native fish species
Authors: Spikmans Frank , Lemmers Pim , op den Camp Huub J. M. , van Haren Emiel , Kappen Florian , Blaakmeer Anko , van der Velde Gerard , van Langevelde Frank , Leuven Rob S. E. W. , van Alen Theo A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The Asian cyprinid Pseudorasbora parva is considered to be a major threat to native fish communities and listed as an invasive alien species of European Union concern. Our study aims to gain evidence-based knowledge on the impact of both P. parva and its parasite Sphaerothecum destruens on native fish populations by analysing fish assemblages and body condition of individuals of native fish species in floodplain water bodies that were invaded and uninvaded by P. parva. We explored the use of environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques to detect S. destruens. Prevalence of S. destruens in native fish species was assessed. Fish samplings showed significantly negative correlations between the abundance of P. parva and the native Leucaspius delineatus, and Pungitius pungitius and three biodiversity indices of the fish assemblages (Simpson’s diversity index, Shannon–Wiener index and evenness). Contrastingly, the abundances of the native Gasterosteus aculeatus and P. parva were positively related. In nearly all isolated water bodies with P. parva, this species is outnumbering native fish species. No effect of P. parva presence was found on body condition of native fish species. Sphaerothecum destruens was demonstrated to occur in both P. parva and G. aculeatus. Gasterosteus aculeatus is suggested to be an asymptomatic carrier that can aid the further spread of S. destruens. Analysis of eDNA proved to be a promising method for early detection of S. destruens, here showing that S. destruens presence coincided with P. parva presence. The ongoing invasion of both P. parva and S. destruens is predicted to pose a significant risk to native fish communities.
The “value” of values-driven data in identifying Indigenous health and climate change priorities
Authors: Donatuto Jamie , Campbell Larry , Trousdale William 
Published: December 2019

AbstractScholars worldwide have stated that some of the most devastating health impacts from climate change are experienced by Indigenous peoples. Yet, climate change health assessments rely primarily on technical data from climate models, with limited local knowledge and little to no values-driven community data. Values-driven data provide important information about how people define what health means, their health priorities, and preferred actions to maintain or improve health. The Swinomish Indian Tribal Community (Washington State, USA) developed and implemented a climate change health assessment founded on values-driven data. Successfully eliciting, structuring, and ultimately summarizing community values were achieved by incorporating tools and techniques from western disciplines (e.g., decision science, behavioral research) with local indigenous ways of learning and sharing. Results demonstrate that the assessment meaningfully engaged community members and effectively added their knowledge and values into the decision process. The assessment results protect and strengthen Swinomish community health and well-being by elevating health priorities, focusing limited energy and resources, ensuring that community members and others are working toward common goals, and establishing agreement around intended outcomes/results.
Clear cell chondrosarcoma in Von Hippel-Lindau disease
Authors: Dreijerink Koen M. A. , van Leeuwaarde Rachel S. , Hackeng Wenzel M. , Giles Rachel H. , de Leng Wendy W. J. , Jutte Paul C. , Suurmeijer Albert J. H. , van Nesselrooij Bernadette P. M. , Brosens Lodewijk A. A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A diagnosis of clear cell chondrosarcoma of the ulna was made in a patient with Von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL). After surgery, genetic analysis of the tumor tissue showed loss of heterozygosity at the VHL gene locus. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed loss of expression of the VHL protein in the tumor cells. In addition, abundant Cyclin D1 expression in the tumor was observed. Chondrosarcoma has been described before in a VHL patient and VHL protein expression has been correlated to tumor grade in a series of sporadic chondrosarcomas. In this report, we show that clear cell chondrosarcoma may be a rare but canonical VHL manifestation through a cell-autonomous mechanism involving somatic loss-of-heterozygosity of the VHL tumor suppressor gene. We discuss the relevance of this observation with regard to the pathogenesis of clear cell chondrosarcoma in the context of VHL.
Detailed Barkhausen noise and microscopy characterization of Jominy end-quench test sample of CF53 steel
Authors: Santa-aho Suvi , Sorsa Aki , Honkanen Mari , Vippola Minnamari 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Jominy end-quench test samples from CF53 were used for studying the relationship of microstructural changes with the magnetic Barkhausen noise (BN) response.
As the Barkhausen noise method is sensitive to both stress and microstructural state, it can be applied for material characterization. This study presents observations from BN measurements with different sensors and from different locations (as-quenched and ground) on the sample surface. Detailed microstructural characterization with a scanning electron microscope and a transmission electron microscope was carried out to correlate the BN responses with the microstructural features. In addition, residual stresses were measured by X-ray diffraction. The results indicate that the ground surface displayed mainly the effect of the grinding compressive stress state, while the as-quenched surface had variations due to higher microstructure sensitivity. An important finding of the results was that the sensitivity of BN to different surface conditions varied: The BN response in the ground area was mainly generated by both the residual stress and the microstructural effect, whereas for the as-quenched surface the microstructural effect was more evident.
A review of immersive virtual reality serious games to enhance learning and training
Authors: Checa David , Bustillo Andres 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe merger of game-based approaches and Virtual Reality (VR) environments that can enhance learning and training methodologies have a very promising future, reinforced by the widespread market-availability of affordable software and hardware tools for VR-environments. Rather than passive observers, users engage in those learning environments as active participants, permitting the development of exploration-based learning paradigms. There are separate reviews of VR technologies and serious games for educational and training purposes with a focus on only one knowledge area. However, this review covers 135 proposals for serious games in immersive VR-environments that are combinations of both VR and serious games and that offer end-user validation. First, an analysis of the forum, nationality, and date of publication of the articles is conducted. Then, the application domains, the target audience, the design of the game and its technological implementation, the performance evaluation procedure, and the results are analyzed. The aim here is to identify the factual standards of the proposed solutions and the differences between training and learning applications. Finally, the study lays the basis for future research lines that will develop serious games in immersive VR-environments, providing recommendations for the improvement of these tools and their successful application for the enhancement of both learning and training tasks.
From risk perception to risk governance in nanotechnology: a multi-stakeholder study
Authors: Porcari Andrea , Borsella Elisabetta , Benighaus Christina , Grieger Khara , Isigonis Panagiotis , Chakravarty Somik , Kines Pete , Jensen Keld Alstrup 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNanotechnology is widely used in several industrial and consumer sectors and has the potential to grow further and expand globally. An exploration of stakeholder (SH)’s perceptions is essential to ensuring that robust risk governance processes are in place for nanotechnology and nano-related products. In response, numerous studies have been conducted to investigate SH’s perceptions of nanotechnology and nano-related products over the past 15 years. To build on this work and to capture current perceptions across a wide panel of SHs, we conducted a multi-national and cross-sectoral SH study of awareness, perceptions and opinions regarding the use and potential impact on society and the environment of nanomaterials (NMs) and nano-related products, and SH’s expectations about risk governance. The study was conducted using both quantitative and qualitative inquiries and targeted more than 3000 SHs across different sectors in a total of 15 countries. Results showed a tendency towards more convergence of opinions amongst all the relevant SHs and the public respondents than in past studies. There was consensus on the crucial importance of having unbiased, scientific and trustable information regarding the potential impacts of NMs and nano-related products on the environment, health and safety. SHs were interested in having more internationally harmonised and robust regulation for NMs and nano-related products; improved scientific evidence on nanomaterial hazards, exposures and effects; as well as specific guidance on the safe use of NMs. Overall, this work provides an updated scenario of SHs’ perceptions regarding nanotechnology and nano-related products, underscoring the importance of including SH needs in effective risk governance strategies.
Epistemically blameworthy belief
Authors: Brown Jessica 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWhen subjects violate epistemic standards or norms, we sometimes judge them blameworthy rather than blameless. For instance, we might judge a subject blameworthy for dogmatically continuing to believe a claim even after receiving evidence which undermines it. Indeed, the idea that one may be blameworthy for belief is appealed to throughout the contemporary epistemic literature. In some cases, a subject seems blameworthy for believing as she does even though it seems prima facie implausible that she is morally blameworthy or professionally blameworthy. Such cases raise the question of whether one can be blameworthy for a belief in a specifically epistemic sense rather than in some already recognised sense, such as being morally or professionally blameworthy. A number of authors have recently argued that there is a moral or social sense in which one ought to conform one’s beliefs to the evidence (e.g. Goldberg, Graham, Vanderheiden). In this paper, I argue that even while accepting that there are moral and social norms governing belief, there are cases in which a subject is blameworthy for a belief but isn’t plausibly morally or socially blameworthy. If this latter view is correct, then we may need to develop a new account of blame which can be applied to beliefs which are not morally or socially blameworthy.
Estimating Nantucket’s Effective Population
Authors: Morrison Peter A. , Edmondson Brad , Ferrantella Kristie , Lockhart David , Reis Samantha , Tapp Anna 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper extends demographers’ traditional approaches to estimating local populations using symptomatic data. We augmented those approaches in order to track one community’s de facto population—both its permanent residents (“Census population”) and other sojourners—and assorted others in residence for shorter spells of time (“impermanent residents”). We illustrate how a new type of mobility data—the anonymous “pings” emitted by people’s personal mobile devices—can unveil the presence and mobility patterns of de facto populations within a community by month, week, and day. We use these data to gauge the seasonal ebb and flow of population on Nantucket Island, MA, a seasonal resort community whose effective population far outnumbers its “Census population.” We distinguish the following factors: (1) Permanent Residents, for whom Nantucket is their “usual place of residence” and where one votes and files one’s tax return; (2) Commuting Workers, who reside off-island and regularly commute to jobs on-island via high-speed ferry or air taxi; and (3) Sojourners of three types: (a) Seasonal residents, most occupying a second home they either own or rent; (b) Seasonal workers, present for several months to fill many hospitality, landscaping, and other temporary jobs from April through September; and (c) Visitors, present for shorter stays, as vacationers or on business. For each segment, we highlight the estimation methodologies we devised and evaluate their strengths and limitations. Our research exemplifies the evolution of traditional demographic methodologies to address practical concerns at local community scales using “Big Data.” Resort communities and winter “snowbird” destinations in Sunbelt locales experience regular annual influxes of visitors and/or seasonal residents in particular months. Just as daytime urban populations strain downtown infrastructure and transportation, such impermanent residents—however, brief or lengthy their stay—impose seasonal strains on local infrastructure and public services.