bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A neonatal cluster of novel coronavirus disease 2019: clinical management and considerations
Authors: Olivini Nicole , Calò Carducci Francesca Ippolita , Santilli Veronica , De Ioris Maria Antonietta , Scarselli Alessia , Alario Dario , Geremia Caterina , Lombardi Mary Haywood , Marabotto Caterina , Mariani Rosanna , Papa Raffaele Edo , Peschiaroli Emanuela , Scrocca Raffaella , Sinibaldi Serena , Smarrazzo Andrea , Stella Pietro , Bernardi Stefania , Chiurchiù Sara , Pansa Paola , Romani Lorenza , Michaela Carletti , Concato Carlo , De Rose Domenico Umberto , Salvatori Gugliemo , Rossi Paolo , Villani Alberto , Dotta Andrea , D’Argenio Patrizia , Campana Andrea 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Lately, one of the major clinical and public health issues has been represented by Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) during pregnancy and the risk of transmission of the infection from mother to child. Debate on perinatal management and postnatal care is still ongoing, principally questioning the option of the joint management of mother and child after birth and the safety of breastfeeding. According to the available reports, neonatal COVID-19 appears to have a horizontal transmission and seems to be paucisymptomatic or asymptomatic, compared to older age groups. The aim of this work is to describe a cluster of neonatal COVID-19 and discuss our experience, with reference to current evidence on postnatal care and perinatal management.

Methods
This is a retrospective observational case series of five mother-child dyads, who attended the Labor and Delivery Unit of a first-level hospital in Italy, in March 2020. Descriptive statistics for continuous variables consisted of number of observations, mean and the range of the minimum and maximum values.

Results
Five women and four neonates tested positive for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In one case, the mother-child dyad was separated and the neonate remained negative on two consecutive tests. Two positive neonates developed symptoms, with a predominant involvement of the gastrointestinal tract. Blood tests were unremarkable, except for a single patient who developed mild neutropenia. No complications occurred.

Conclusions
We agree that the decision on whether or not to separate a positive/suspected mother from her child should be made on an individual basis, taking into account the parent’s will, clinical condition, hospital logistics and the local epidemiological situation. In conformity with literature, in our study, affected neonates were asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic. Despite these reassuring findings, a few cases of severe presentation in the neonatal population have been reported. Therefore, we agree on encouraging clinicians to monitor the neonates with a suspected or confirmed infection.
Standardized visual EEG features predict outcome in patients with acute consciousness impairment of various etiologies
Authors: Müller Michael , Rossetti Andrea O. , Zimmermann Rebekka , Alvarez Vincent , Rüegg Stephan , Haenggi Matthias , Z’Graggen Werner J. , Schindler Kaspar , Zubler Frédéric 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundEarly prognostication in patients with acute consciousness impairment is a challenging but essential task. Current prognostic guidelines vary with the underlying etiology. In particular, electroencephalography (EEG) is the most important paraclinical examination tool in patients with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), whereas it is not routinely used for outcome prediction in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).MethodData from 364 critically ill patients with acute consciousness impairment (GCS ≤ 11 or FOUR ≤ 12) of various etiologies and without recent signs of seizures from a prospective randomized trial were retrospectively analyzed. Random forest classifiers were trained using 8 visual EEG features—first alone, then in combination with clinical features—to predict survival at 6 months or favorable functional outcome (defined as cerebral performance category 1–2).ResultsThe area under the ROC curve was 0.812 for predicting survival and 0.790 for predicting favorable outcome using EEG features. Adding clinical features did not improve the overall performance of the classifier (for survival: AUC = 0.806,p = 0.926; for favorable outcome: AUC = 0.777,p = 0.844). Survival could be predicted in all etiology groups: the AUC was 0.958 for patients with HIE, 0.955 for patients with TBI and other neurosurgical diagnoses, 0.697 for patients with metabolic, inflammatory or infectious causes for consciousness impairment and 0.695 for patients with stroke. Training the classifier separately on subgroups of patients with a given etiology (and thus using less training data) leads to poorer classification performance.ConclusionsWhile prognostication was best for patients with HIE and TBI, our study demonstrates that similar EEG criteria can be used in patients with various causes of consciousness impairment, and that the size of the training set is more important than homogeneity of ACI etiology.
Randomized controlled multicentre study of albumin replacement therapy in septic shock (ARISS): protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors:   on behalf of SepNet - Critical Care Trials Group, Sakr Yasser , Bauer Michael , Nierhaus Axel , Kluge Stefan , Schumacher Ulricke , Putensen Christian , Fichtner Falk , Petros Sirak , Scheer Christian , Jaschinski Ulrich , Tanev Ivan , Jacob David , Weiler Norbert , Schulze P. Christian , Fiedler Fritz , Kapfer Barbara , Brunkhorst Frank , Lautenschlaeger Ingmar , Wartenberg Katja , Utzolino Stefan , Briegel Josef , Moerer Onnen , Bischoff Petra , Zarbock Alexander , Quintel Michael , Gattinoni Luciano 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Albumin is a key regulator of fluid distribution within the extracellular space and has several properties beyond its oncotic activity. The accumulating evidence suggests that supplementation of albumin may provide survival advantages only when the insult is severe as in patients with septic shock.

Methods/design
The randomized controlled multicentre study of albumin replacement therapy in septic shock (ARISS) investigates whether the replacement with albumin and the maintenance of its serum levels of at least 30 g/l for 28 days improve survival in patients with septic shock compared to resuscitation and volume maintenance without albumin. Adult patients (≥ 18 years) with septic shock are randomly assigned within a maximum of 24 h after the onset of septic shock after obtaining informed consents to treatment or control groups. Patients assigned to the treatment group receive a 60-g loading dose of human albumin 20% over 2–3 h. Serum albumin levels are maintained at least at 30 g/l in the ICU for a maximum of 28 days following randomization using 40–80 g human albumin 20% infusion. The control group is treated according to the usual practice with crystalloids as the first choice for the resuscitation and maintenance phase of septic shock. The primary endpoint is 90 days mortality and secondary endpoints include 28-day, 60-day, ICU, and in-hospital mortality, organ dysfunction/failure, total amount of fluid administration and total fluid balance in the ICU, and lengths of ICU and hospital stay. In total, 1412 patients need to be analysed, 706 per group. For the sample size estimation, a 15% reduction in 90-day mortality is assumed, i.e. an absolute reduction of 7.5% points to 42.5% (relative risk 1.18). Assuming a dropout rate of 15%, a total of 1662 patients need to be allocated.

Discussion
The results of the clinical trial may influence the treatment of patients with septic shock. The expected improvement in patient survival may result in a reduction in the resources currently used in the treatment of these patients and in the socioeconomic burden of this disease.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03869385. Registration on 18 July 2019. Protocol version: Final 3.0.
Therapeutic potential of oxadiazole or furadiazole containing compounds
Authors: Siwach Ankit , Verma Prabhakar Kumar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAs we know that, Oxadiazole or furadi azole ring containing derivatives are an important class of heterocyclic compounds. A heterocyclic five-membered ring that possesses two carbons, one oxygen atom, two nitrogen atoms, and two double bonds is known as oxadiazole. They are derived from furan by the replacement of two methylene groups (= CH) with two nitrogen (-N =) atoms. The aromaticity was reduced with the replacement of these groups in the furan ring to such an extent that it shows conjugated diene character. Four different known isomers of oxadiazole were existed such as 1,2,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,3-oxadiazole, 1,2,5-oxadiazole & 1,3,4-oxadiazole. Among them, 1,3,4-oxadiazoles & 1,2,4-oxadiazoles are better known and more widely studied by the researchers due to their broad range of chemical and biological properties. 1,3,4-oxadiazoles have become important synthons in the development of new drugs. The derivatives of the oxadiazole nucleus (1,3,4-oxadiazoles) show various biological activities such as antibacterial, anti-mycobacterial, antitumor, anti-viral and antioxidant activity, etc. as reported in the literature. There are different examples of commercially available drugs which consist of 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring such as nitrofuran derivative (Furamizole) which has strong antibacterial activity, Raltegravir as an antiviral drug and Nesapidil drug is used in anti-arrhythmic therapy. This present review summarized some pharmacological activities and various kinds of synthetic routes for 2, 5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole, and their derived products.
In silico screening and experimental analysis of family GH11 xylanases for applications under conditions of alkaline pH and high temperature
Authors: Talens-Perales David , Sánchez-Torres Paloma , Marín-Navarro Julia , Polaina Julio 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Xylanases are one of the most extensively used enzymes for biomass digestion. However, in many instances, their use is limited by poor performance under the conditions of pH and temperature required by the industry. Therefore, the search for xylanases able to function efficiently at alkaline pH and high temperature is an important objective for different processes that use lignocellulosic substrates, such as the production of paper pulp and biofuels.

Results
A comprehensive in silico analysis of family GH11 sequences from the CAZY database allowed their phylogenetic classification in a radial cladogram in which sequences of known or presumptive thermophilic and alkalophilic xylanases appeared in three clusters. Eight sequences from these clusters were selected for experimental analysis. The coding DNA was synthesized, cloned and the enzymes were produced in E. coli. Some of these showed high xylanolytic activity at pH values > 8.0 and temperature > 80 °C. The best enzymes corresponding to sequences from Dictyoglomus thermophilum (Xyn5) and Thermobifida fusca (Xyn8). The addition of a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM9) to Xyn5 increased 4 times its activity at 90 °C and pH > 9.0. The combination of Xyn5 and Xyn8 was proved to be efficient for the saccharification of alkali pretreated rice straw, yielding xylose and xylooligosaccharides.

Conclusions
This study provides a fruitful approach for the selection of enzymes with suitable properties from the information contained in extensive databases. We have characterized two xylanases able to hydrolyze xylan with high efficiency at pH > 8.0 and temperature > 80 °C.
Sex-specific associations between lipids and cognitive decline in the middle-aged and elderly: a cohort study of Chinese adults
Authors: Liu Lili , Zhang Chen , Lv Xiaozhen , Lai Xuefeng , Xu Lu , Feng Jingnan , Song Yongfeng , Wang Shengfeng , Zhan Siyan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Studies regarding the lipid-cognition relationship have increasingly gained popularity but have generated much mixed results. To date, few studies have focused on the difference between sexes.

Methods
This study included 6792 Chinese adults aged over 45 years (women, 48.56%; mean age, 57.28 years), who were free of severe conditions known to affect cognitive function at the baseline (2011). Blood concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and triglycerides (TG) were assessed at baseline, and both continuous and categorical values were used in final analyses. Global cognitive functions were assessed by the word recall test and the mental status test in 2011, 2013, and 2015, respectively. We graded participants into three groups according to the cognitive change slopes: no decline (≥ 0), moderate decline (median to 0), and severe decline (< median). Sex-specific associations between blood lipids and cognitive decline were analyzed using ordinal logistic models, adjusting for sociodemographic information, lifestyle behaviors, and health status.

Results
Higher baseline TC and LDL-C concentrations exhibited no significant association with 5-year cognitive decline in men but were significantly associated with greater 5-year cognitive decline in women [odds ratio (OR) 1.026, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.003, 1.050; OR 1.026, CI 1.002, 1.051, respectively]. For higher serum HDL-c levels, a significantly protective effect on cognition was observed in men, but a slightly adverse effect was found in women (not significant after Bonferroni correction). TG presented almost no effect on later cognition in either sex.

Conclusion
Different associations between sexes were observed for the lipid-cognition relationship, and maintaining serum cholesterol levels at an appropriate range may have a positive effect on cognitive health.
Molecular characterization of cellulolytic (endo- and exoglucanase) bacteria from the largest mangrove forest (Sundarbans), Bangladesh
Authors: Biswas Satyajit , Saber Md. Al , Tripty Ismoth Ara , Karim Md. Adnan , Islam Md. Aminul , Hasan Md. Shazid , Alam A. S. M. Rubayet Ul , Jahid Md. Iqbal Kabir , Hasan Md. Nazmul 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeCellulase, due to its massive applicability, has been used in various industrial processes such as biofuels (bioethanol, triphasic biomethanation), agricultural and plant waste management, chiral separation, and ligand binding studies. The finding of a novel cellulase-producing bacterium will benefit the industries, which rely on yeast to produce cellulase in fermentation technology, because bacteria can easily be manipulated and fermented cost-effectively.MethodsCellulase enzyme-secreting bacteria were isolated from different regions of the world’s largest mangrove forests, Sundarbans in Bangladesh. Biochemical, morphological, and 16S rRNA identification protocol was followed to precisely characterize the bacterial strains.ResultWe have determined that the strain T2-D2 (Bacillussp.), E1-PT (Pseudomonassp.), and D1-PT (Pseudomonassp.) showed maximum endoglycolytic and strain C1-BT (Bacillussp.), E1-BT (Bacillussp.), and T-4 (E) showed relatively higher exoglycolytic activity during the test. So, it can be easily cultured at a normal temperature (97.7–99.5 °F). On the one hand, T2-D2 (Bacillussp.) and E1-PT (Pseudomonassp.) have shown the highest growth rate at pH 7 as it was neither acidic nor basic.ConclusionIt was concluded that the strain T2-D2 (Bacillussp.) and E1-PT (Pseudomonassp.) would be our target cellulolytic strains wherein the experimental isolates belonged to the Enterobacteriaceae, Psuedomonacea, Bacillacea, and Morganellacea family.
Specificity of translocator protein-targeted positron emission tomography in inflammatory joint disease
Authors: Helo Yusuf , Searle Graham E. , Borghese Federica , Abraham Sonya , Saleem Azeem 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective
Expression of the translocator protein (TSPO) on inflammatory cells has facilitated imaging of synovitis with TSPO-targeted positron emission tomography (PET). We aimed to quantitatively assess the specificity of the second-generation TSPO PET radioligand, [11C]PBR28, and to generate simplified PET protocols in patients with inflammatory joint disease (IJD) in this pilot study.

Methods
Three IJD patients (two rheumatoid arthritis and one osteoarthritis) with knee involvement underwent dynamic [11C]PBR28-PET scans before and after administration of 90 mg of oral emapunil (XBD-173), a TSPO ligand the same day. Radial arterial blood sampling was performed throughout the scan, and total radioactivity and radioactive metabolites were obtained. A semi-automated method was used to generate regions of interest. Standardized uptake value (SUV) and SUV ratio corrected for activity in bone and blood between 50 and 70 min (SUVr50–70 bone, SUVr50–70 blood, respectively) and PET volume of distribution (VT) of the radioligand were calculated.

Results
A mean [11C]PBR28 radioactivity of 378 (range 362–389) MBq was administered. A significant decrease (p < 0.05) in VT, SUVr50–70 bone and SUVr50–70 blood observed after oral emapunil confirmed the TSPO specificity of [11C]PBR28. A decrease in SUV was not observed in the post-block scan.

Conclusion
[11C]PBR28 is TSPO-specific radioligand in IJD patients. Simplified PET protocols with static PET acquisition can be used in the management and evaluation of novel therapeutics that target TSPO overexpressing cells.
Cooperative coverage-based lifetime prolongation for microgrid monitoring WSN in smart grid
Authors: Shao Sujie , Wu Lei , Zhang Qinghang , Zhang Neng , Wang Kaixuan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo take full advantage of the flexibility of access and disconnection from smart grid, organizing distributed renewable energy resources in form of microgrid becomes one solution of energy replenishment in smart grid. A large amount of accurate and comprehensive information data are needed to be monitored by a variety of different types of sensors to guarantee the effective operation of this kind of microgrid. Energy consumption of microgrid monitoring WSN consequently becomes an issue. This paper presents a novel lifetime prolongation algorithm based on cooperative coverage of different types of sensors. Firstly, according to the requirements of monitoring business, the construction of cooperative coverage sets and connected monitoring WSN are discussed. Secondly, energy consumption is analyzed based on cooperative coverage. Finally, the cooperative coverage-based lifetime prolongation algorithm (CC-LP) is proposed. Both the energy consumption balancing inside the cooperative coverage set and the switching scheduling between cooperative coverage sets are discussed. Then, we draw into an improved ant colony optimization algorithm to calculate the switching scheduling. Simulation results show that this novel algorithm can effectively prolong the lifetime of monitoring WSN, especially in the monitoring area with a large deployed density of different types of sensors.
Hardy operators and the commutators on Hardy spaces
Authors: Niu Zhuang , Guo Shasha , Li Wenming 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the boundedness of the classic Hardy operator and its adjoint on Hardy spaces is obtained. We also discuss the boundedness for the commutators generated by the classic Hardy operator and its adjoint with $BMO$
B
M
O
and $CMO(\mathbb{R}^{+})$
C
M
O
(

R
+

)
functions on Hardy spaces.
Burden of carbapenem non-susceptible infections in high-risk patients: systematic literature review and meta-analysis
Authors: Avendano Esther E. , Raman Gowri , Chan Jeffrey , McCann Eilish 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Owing to their resistance to an important class of antibiotics, the prevention and treatment of carbapenem-resistant (CR)/non-susceptible Gram-negative (GN) infections has become an important public health objective. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature to evaluate the burden of CR GN infections, focusing on high-risk patients such as transplant recipients, or patients with cancer, renal impairment, or sepsis.

Methods
MEDLINE®, Cochrane Central, and Embase® were searched between 2010 and March 2019. Abstracts and full-text articles were screened in duplicate. Random effects meta-analysis was conducted when reported outcomes were sufficiently similar.

Results
Twenty-six publications were eligible. Meta-analyses found increased mortality associated with CR infections among high-risk patients in both unadjusted analysis (8 studies; summary unadjusted odds ratio [OR]: 5.85; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.69, 9.26; I2 = 19.8%) and adjusted analysis (5 studies; summary hazard ratio [HR]: 4.67; 95% CI: 2.18, 9.99; I2 = 77.7%), compared to patients with carbapenem-susceptible (CS) infections or no infection. Increased mortality was also seen in subgroup analyses by length of follow-up (either short-term or long-term) or causative pathogen. A limited number of studies found that CR GN infections increased the risk for mechanical ventilation, adverse events such as graft failure or acute rejection in solid organ transplant recipients, increased renal failure or nephrotoxicity, and an increase in readmissions and costs, though the findings reported in the literature were not consistent.

Conclusion
This systematic literature review and meta-analysis indicates that CR GN infections in high-risk patients are associated with increased mortality, emphasizing the need for antimicrobial stewardship and infection control in hospitals which treat high-risk patients and for the development of effective antimicrobials with favorable efficacy and safety profiles for the treatment of CR GN infections.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding antimicrobial use and resistance among communities of Ilala, Kilosa and Kibaha districts of Tanzania
Authors: Sindato Calvin , Mboera Leonard E. G. , Katale Bugwesa Z. , Frumence Gasto , Kimera Sharadhuli , Clark Taane G. , Legido-Quigley Helena , Mshana Stephen E. , Rweyemamu Mark M. , Matee Mecky 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents one of the biggest threats to health globally. This cross-sectional study determined knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding antimicrobial use (AMU) and AMR among communities of Ilala, Kilosa and Kibaha in Tanzania.

Method
A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and KAP data through face-to-face interviews. Responses related to the triad of KAP were assigned scores that were aggregated for each participant. Linear regression analysis was conducted to determine predictors of KAP scores.

Results
The study enrolled 828 participants from the three districts. A total of 816 (98.6%) were aware of antimicrobials, and 808 (99%, n = 816) reported to have used them. Antimicrobials were mainly used to treat cough (68.0%), urinary tract infections (53.4%), diarrhoea (48.5%) and wounds (45.2%). The most frequent sources of antimicrobials were health facility (65.0%, n = 820) and pharmacies/basic drug shops (53.7%). The median AMU knowledge score was 5 (IQR = 4, 7) and that of AMR was 26 (IQR=23, 29). The median AMU attitudes score was 32 (IQR: 29, 35) and that of AMR was 19 (IQR=17, 22). The median AMU practice score was 3 (IQR: 3, 3). The KAP scores were significantly influenced by increased participant’s age (βadj=0.10; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.15) and level of education, being lower among those with primary education (βadj=5.32; 95% CI: 3.27, 7.37) and highest among those with college/university education (βadj=9.85; 95% CI: 6.04, 13.67).

Conclusion
The study documented a moderate level of KAP regarding AMU and AMR in the study districts. The participant's age and level of education were significantly associated with participant's KAP scores. The observed inadequate knowledge, inappropriate attitude, and practices of AMU and AMR should be considered as alarming problems that require immediate actions including policy formulation and planning of community-based mitigation measures.