bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accounting for multiple ecosystem services in a simulation of land‐use decisions: Does it reduce tropical deforestation?
Authors: Knoke Thomas , Paul Carola , Rammig Anja , Gosling Elizabeth , Hildebrandt Patrick , Härtl Fabian , Peters Thorsten , Richter Michael , Diertl Karl‐Heinz , Castro Luz Maria , Calvas Baltazar , Ochoa Santiago , Valle‐Carrión Liz Anabelle , Hamer Ute , Tischer Alexander , Potthast Karin , Windhorst David , Homeier Jürgen , Wilcke Wolfgang , Velescu Andre , Gerique Andres , Pohle Perdita , Adams Julia , Breuer Lutz , Mosandl Reinhard , Beck Erwin , Weber Michael , Stimm Bernd , Silva Brenner , Verburg Peter H. , Bendix Jörg 
Published: January 2020

AbstractConversion of tropical forests is among the primary causes of global environmental change. The loss of their important environmental services has prompted calls to integrate ecosystem services (ES) in addition to socio‐economic objectives in decision‐making. To test the effect of accounting for both ES and socio‐economic objectives in land‐use decisions, we develop a new dynamic approach to model deforestation scenarios for tropical mountain forests. We integrate multi‐objective optimization of land allocation with an innovative approach to consider uncertainty spaces for each objective. These uncertainty spaces account for potential variability among decision‐makers, who may have different expectations about the future. When optimizing only socio‐economic objectives, the model continues the past trend in deforestation (1975–2015) in the projected land‐use allocation (2015–2070). Based on indicators for biomass production, carbon storage, climate and water regulation, and soil quality, we show that considering multiple ES in addition to the socio‐economic objectives has heterogeneous effects on land‐use allocation. It saves some natural forest if the natural forest share is below 38%, and can stop deforestation once the natural forest share drops below 10%. For landscapes with high shares of forest (38%–80% in our study), accounting for multiple ES under high uncertainty of their indicators may, however, accelerate deforestation. For such multifunctional landscapes, two main effects prevail: (a) accelerated expansion of diversified non‐natural areas to elevate the levels of the indicators and (b) increased landscape diversification to maintain multiple ES, reducing the proportion of natural forest. Only when accounting for vascular plant species richness as an explicit objective in the optimization, deforestation was consistently reduced. Aiming for multifunctional landscapes may therefore conflict with the aim of reducing deforestation, which we can quantify here for the first time. Our findings are relevant for identifying types of landscapes where this conflict may arise and to better align respective policies.
Etiology of liver dysfunction after liver transplantation in children with metabolic disorders
Authors: Irie Rie , Nakazawa Atsuko , Sakamoto Seisuke , Takeda Masahiro , Yanagi Yusuke , Shimizu Seiichi , Uchida Hajime , Fukuda Akinari , Horikawa Reiko , Kasahara Mureo 
Published: January 2020

AimIt has been reported that the long‐term outcome for children with metabolic disorders after liver transplantation (LT) is excellent. However, there are several reports citing LT patients with metabolic disorders developing liver dysfunction early after LT. We examined the pathogenesis of liver dysfunction observed after LT in recipients with metabolic disorders at the National Center for Child Health and Development.MethodsOf 106 children (aged <18 years) with metabolic disorders who underwent LT at our center, 36 patients who underwent liver biopsy within 60 days after LT were enrolled.The underlying diseases were urea cycle disorders (14 patients), methylmalonic acidemia (11 cases), Wilson's disease (3 patients), mitochondrial hepatopathy (3 patients), and others (5 patients). The median age was 1 year 2 months at LT. The reasons for biopsy were liver dysfunction (31 patients) and ascites (5 patients).ResultsThe main findings of graft liver biopsy were diffuse steatosis (21 patients), rejection (8 patients), infection (3 patients), and others (4 patients). Of 21 patients who received graft biopsy showing steatosis, all the donor livers originally showed no steatosis or only mild steatosis. The liver function improved immediately after biopsy in 18 of 21 patients that showed diffuse steatosis.ConclusionsThe major cause of liver dysfunction after LT in recipients with metabolic disorders was steatosis and the risk of rejection was low. It is important to take a liver biopsy and examine the cause of liver dysfunction to avoid administration of excess immunosuppressant, and select the right therapy for recipients with metabolic disorders.
RENOVATIO MONETAE: WHEN GESELL TAXES WORKED
Authors: Svensson Roger , Westermark Andreas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGesell taxes on money have recently received attention as a way of alleviating the zero lower bound on interest rates. Less known is that such taxes generated seigniorage in medieval Europe for around two centuries. When a Gesell tax was levied, current coins ceased to be legal and had to be exchanged into new coins for a fee. Using a cash‐in‐advance model, we analyze under what conditions agents exchange coins and the tax generates revenues. A low exchange fee, high punishments for using old coins, and a long time period between re‐mintings induce people to use new coins.
APPROXIMATING PURCHASE PROPENSITIES AND RESERVATION PRICES FROM BROAD CONSUMER TRACKING
Authors: Shiller Benjamin Reed 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA consumer's web‐browsing history, now readily available, may be much more useful than demographics for both targeting advertisements and personalizing prices. Using a method that combines economic modeling and machine learning methods, I find a striking difference. Personalizing prices based on web‐browsing histories increases profits by 12.99%. Using demographics alone to personalize prices raises profits by only 0.25%, suggesting the percent profit gain from personalized pricing has increased 50‐fold. I then investigate whether regulations intended to prevent price gouging increase aggregate consumer surplus. Two feasible regulations considered offer at best modest improvements.
Feasibility and outcomes of selective tetramodal bladder‐preservation therapy in elderly patients with muscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Tanaka Hajime , Fukushima Hiroshi , Kijima Toshiki , Nakamura Yuki , Yajima Shugo , Uehara Sho , Yoshida Soichiro , Yokoyama Minato , Ishioka Junichiro , Matsuoka Yoh , Saito Kazutaka , Fujii Yasuhisa 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveTo assess the feasibility and functional/oncological outcomes of selective tetramodal bladder‐preservation therapy in elderly patients with muscle‐invasive bladder cancer.MethodsThis study analyzed 154 patients with non‐metastatic muscle‐invasive bladder cancer who were enrolled into the protocol. After maximal transurethral resection and induction chemoradiotherapy, patients with clinical complete response were offered consolidative partial cystectomy to achieve bladder preservation; otherwise, radical cystectomy was recommended. Postoperative complications, preserved bladder function, and oncological outcomes were compared between elderly (aged ≥75 years) and younger patients (aged <75 years). Frailty and sarcopenia were further assessed as potential factors that could affect the feasibility and outcomes of the protocol.ResultsA total of 44 patients (29%) were elderly, and 31 (20%) were frail (modified frailty index 2–3). Sarcopenia was observed in 68 (54%) of 126 eligible patients. Clinical complete response to induction chemoradiotherapy was achieved in 125 (81%) patients, and the bladder‐preservation protocol was completed in 107 (69%) patients with consolidative partial cystectomy. Over a median follow‐up period of 48 months, 5‐year cancer‐specific and muscle‐invasive bladder cancer recurrence‐free survival rates after protocol completion were 98% and 95%, respectively. There were no significant differences in complication rates related to partial cystectomy, preserved bladder function, and oncological outcomes between the elderly and younger groups. Neither frailty nor sarcopenia negatively affected these outcomes.ConclusionsTetramodal bladder‐sparing therapy incorporating consolidative partial cystectomy is feasible and yielded favorable functional/oncological outcomes in patients with muscle‐invasive bladder cancer, regardless of advanced age, frailty or sarcopenia. This protocol could be a viable treatment option for such high‐risk patient populations.
Kit activates interleukin‐4 receptor and effector signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 independent of its cognate ligand in mouse mast cells
Authors: Sethumadhavan Aiswarya , Mani Maheswaran 
Published: January 2020

SummarySignaling by Kit has been extensively studied in hematopoietic cells and is essential for the survival, proliferation and maintenance of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. In addition to the activation of intrinsic signaling pathways, Kit has been shown to interact with lineage‐restricted type I cytokine receptors and produce cross signals, e.g. erythropoietin receptor, interleukin‐7 receptor (IL‐7R), IL‐3R. Based on the earlier studies, we hypothesize that Kit activate other type I cytokine receptors in a cell‐specific manner and execute cell‐specific function. To investigate other Kit‐activated receptors, we tested Kit and IL‐4R cross‐receptor activation in murine bone‐marrow‐derived mast cells, which express both Kit and IL‐4R at the surface level. Kit upon activation by Kit ligand (KL), activated IL‐4Rα, γC, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 independent of its cognate ligand IL‐4. Though KL and IL‐4 are individually mitogenic, combinations of KL and IL‐4 synergistically promoted mast cell proliferation. Furthermore, inhibition of lipid raft formation by methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin resulted in loss of synergistic proliferation. Together the data suggest IL‐4R as a novel Kit‐activated receptor. Such cross‐receptor activations are likely to be a universal mechanism of Kit signaling in hematopoiesis.
Comparative phylogeography of two free‐living cosmopolitan cyanobacteria: Insights on biogeographic and latitudinal distribution
Authors: Ribeiro Karine F. , Ferrero Ana P. , Duarte Leandro , Turchetto‐Zolet Andreia C. , Crossetti Luciane O. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimFree‐living bacteria have long been assumed to have little biogeographic signature because of their high potential for passive dispersal. Raphidiopsis raciborskii and Microcystis aeruginosa are free‐living cosmopolitan cyanobacteria with a probable tropical origin, that frequently form toxic blooms and are considered invasive species in middle latitudes. Despite these similarities, their phylogeographic patterns have seldom been directly compared. Our aim was to reconstruct the phylogeographic histories of R. raciborskii and M. aeruginosa, in order to explore whether their current distributions could be attributed to the same biogeographic events.LocationGlobal.TaxaRaphidiopsis raciborskii (Nostocales) and Microcystis aeruginosa (Chroococcales).MethodsThe phylogeography of these species was studied based on global genetic diversity patterns from a dataset of worldwide 16S rRNA gene sequences. Genetic diversity indices were measured globally and by latitude. Analyses based on distance matrices were performed to evaluate the correlation between genetic divergence, geographic distance and climatic conditions. Demographic history was investigated through neutrality tests and Bayesian Skyline Plot analysis.ResultsFor both species, the genetic diversity is highest in tropical latitudes, and the data provided evidence of recent population expansions (in the last 2,500 years). R. raciborskii showed much lower genetic diversity than M. aeruginosa. A significant phylogeographic structure was found for R. raciborskii but not for M. aeruginosa. Climatic conditions had a significant influence on the genetic structure of both species, but this influence was stronger and varied according to latitude only for R. raciborskii.Main ConclusionsSupporting the hypothesis of a tropical origin and recent dispersal to temperate habitats, both species had higher genetic diversity in tropical latitudes and showed evidence of recent population expansions. R. raciborskii populations showed a significant decline in genetic similarity with increasing geographic distance, indicating an interaction between drift and some dispersal limitation on its phylogeography. In contrast, M. aeruginosa seemed to have a high frequency of intercontinental dispersal. Finally, the particularities of each species, such as the ability to form akinetes in R. raciborskii and high genome plasticity and niche specialization in M. aeruginosa, may be associated with the lower genetic diversity of R. raciborskii when compared to M. aeruginosa.
Impact of cryoballoon applications on lesion gaps detected by magnetic resonance after pulmonary vein isolation
Authors: Trotta Omar , Alarcón Francisco , Guasch Eduard , Benito Eva Maria , San Antonio Rodolfo , Perea Rosario J. , Prat‐Gonzalez Susanna , Apolo Jose , Sitges Marta , Tolosana José María , Mont Lluís ,   other members of the Atrial Fibrillation Unit
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionAblation with second‐generation cryoballoon technology evolves as an effective and safe alternative to radiofrequency for atrial fibrillation ablation procedures. Nevertheless, the optimal freezing strategy remains unknown. Our objective was to identify the procedural cryoablation parameters predicting successful peri‐pulmonary vein (PV) lesions by directly analyzing Postablation gaps in late‐gadolinium‐enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance (LGE‐CMR).Methods and ResultsForty‐nine consecutive patients (196 PVs) undergoing ablation with second‐generation cryoballoon at our center were included. The number and duration of cryoballoon application to achieve PV isolation were left to operator discretion. Gap number and length were quantified in all patients with a LGE‐CMR performed 3 months postablation. Application time (420 ± 217 seconds), number of applications (2.1 ± 1.2), application time after electrical isolation (311 ± 194 seconds) and minimum temperature (−45.8 ± 6.5°C) were similar in the 4 PVs. Gaps were observed in 148 PVs (76%), averaging 1.3 ± 1 gaps per vein. Gaps were longer and more frequent in the right PVs (91% vs 59% in left PVs, P < .001). Neither the number, total duration of applications, nor postisolation application time predicted relative length or number of gaps.ConclusionsAfter successful PV isolation was achieved in patients undergoing cryoablation, increasing the number of applications, the total application time or application time postisolation did not result in a reduction in the number or the relative length of gaps.
Hyperbaric oxygen activates visfatin expression and angiogenesis via angiotensin II and JNK pathway in hypoxic human coronary artery endothelial cells
Authors: Chiu Chiung‐Zuan , Wang Bao‐Wei , Yu Ying‐Ju , Shyu Kou‐Gi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractVisfatin is an adipocytokine with important roles in endothelial angiogenesis. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) has been widely used to treat various medical illness with enhanced angiogenesis. The molecular effects of HBO on visfatin under hypoxia are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of HBO on visfatin in hypoxic human coronary arterial endothelial cells (HCAECs). HCAECs under chemical hypoxia (antimycin A, 0.01 mmol/L) were exposed to HBO (2.5 atmosphere absolute; ATA) for 2‐4 hours. Western blot, real‐time polymerase chain reaction, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, luciferase promoter activity, migration and tube formation assay, and in vitro glucose uptake were measured. Visfatin protein expression increased in hypoxic HCAECs with earlier angiotensin II (AngII) secretion and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation, which could be effectively suppressed by the JNK inhibitor (SP600125), AngII antibody or AngII receptor blocker (losartan). In hypoxic HCAECs, HBO further induced earlier expression of visfatin and AngII. Hypoxia significantly increased DNA‐protein binding activity of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) and visfatin. Hypoxia, hypoxia with HBO and exogenous addition of AngII also increased promoter transcription to visfatin; SP600125 and losartan blocked this activity. In HCAECs, glucose uptake, migration and tube formation were increased in the presence of hypoxia with HBO, but were inhibited by visfatin small interfering RNA, SP600125 and losartan. In conclusion, HBO activates visfatin expression and angiogenesis in hypoxic HCAECs, an effect mediated by AngII, mainly through the JNK pathway.
Updates on mechanistic insights and targeting of tumour metastasis
Authors: Feng Zeru , Yu Qiuxuan , Zhang Ting , Tie Wanpeng , Li Jing , Zhou Xikun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMalignant tumours are one of the major diseases that seriously endanger human health. The characteristics of their invasion and metastasis are one of the main causes of death in cancer patients, and these features cannot be separated from the participation of various molecules‐related cells living in the tumour microenvironment and specific structures. Tumour invasion can approximately be divided into several specific steps according to the movement of tumour cells. In each step, there are different actions in the tumour microenvironment that mediate the interactions among substances. Researchers are attempting to clarify every mechanism of the tumour dissemination. However, there is still a long way to the final determination. Here, we review these interactions in tumour invasion and metastasis at the structural, molecular and cellular levels. We also discuss the ongoing studies and the promise of targeting metastasis in tumour therapy.
Isoalantolactone restores the sensitivity of gram‐negative Enterobacteriaceae carrying MCR‐1 to carbapenems
Authors: Lu Na , Lv Qianghua , Sun Xiaodi , Zhou Yonglin , Guo Yan , Qiu Jiazhang , Zhang Peng , Wang Jianfeng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPolymyxin B has been re‐applied to the clinic as the final choice for the treatment of multidrug‐resistant gram‐negative pathogenic infections, but the use of polymyxin B has been re‐assessed because of the emergence and spread of the plasmid‐mediated mcr‐1 gene. The purpose of this study was to search for an MCR inhibitor synergistically acting with polymyxin to treat the infection caused by this pathogen. In this study, we used the broth microdilution checkerboard method to evaluate the synergistic effect of isoalantolactone (IAL) and polymyxin B on mcr‐1‐positive Enterobacteriaceae. Growth curve analysis, time‐killing assays and a combined disc test were used to further verify the efficacy of the combined drug. Colonization of the thigh muscle in mice, survival experiments and lung tissue section observations was used to determine the effect of synergy in vivo after Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli infection. We screened a natural compound, IAL, which can enhance the sensitivity of polymyxin B to mcr‐1‐positive Enterobacteriaceae. The results showed that the combined use of polymyxin B and IAL has a synergistic effect on mcr‐1‐positive Enterobacteriaceae, such as K pneumoniae and E coli, not only in vitro but also in vivo. Our results indicate that IAL is a natural compound with broad application prospects that can prolong the service life of polymyxin B and make outstanding contributions to the treatment of gram‐negative Enterobacteriaceae infections resistant to polymyxin B.
Failure of Traditional Risk Factors to Adequately Predict Cardiovascular Events in Older Populations
Authors: Dalton Jarrod E. , Rothberg Michael B. , Dawson Neal V. , Krieger Nikolas I. , Zidar David A. , Perzynski Adam T. 
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUNDAccurate assessment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk across heterogeneous populations is needed for effective primary prevention. Little is known about the performance of standard cardiovascular risk factors in older adults.OBJECTIVETo evaluate the performance of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE) risk model, as well as the underlying cardiovascular risk factors, among adults older than 65 years.DESIGN AND SETTINGRetrospective cohort derived from a regional referral system's electronic medical records.PARTICIPANTSA total of 25 349 patients who were 65 years or older at study baseline (date of the first outpatient lipid panel taken between 2007 and 2010).MEASUREMENTSExposures of interest were traditional cardiovascular risk factors, as defined by inclusion in the PCE model. The primary outcome was major ASCVD events, defined as a composite of myocardial infarctions, stroke, and cardiovascular death.RESULTSThe PCE and internally estimated models produced similar risk distributions for white men aged 65 to 74 years. For all other groups, PCE predictions were generally lower than those of the internal models, particularly for African Americans. Discrimination of the PCE was poor for all age groups, with concordance index (95% confidence interval) estimates of 0.62 (0.60‐0.64), 0.56 (0.54‐0.57), and 0.52 (0.49‐0.54) among patients aged 65 to 74, 75 to 84, and 85 years and older, respectively. Reestimating relationships within these age groups resulted in better calibration but negligible improvements in discrimination. Blood pressure, total cholesterol, and diabetes either were not associated at all or had inverse associations in the older age groups.CONCLUSIONTraditional clinical risk factors for cardiovascular disease failed to accurately characterize risk in a contemporary population of Medicare‐aged patients. Among those aged 85 years and older, some traditional risk factors were not associated with ASCVD events. Better risk models are needed to appropriately inform treatment decision making for the growing population of older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:754–761, 2020
Lower urinary symptoms, resilience, and post‐traumatic stress symptoms among rectal cancer patients after surgery
Authors: Lin Yu‐Hua , Kao Chia‐Chan , Pan I‐Ju , Liu Yi‐Hui 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimDisturbance of urinary function is a common complication after rectal cancer surgery, and it may affect patients' psychological well‐being, consequently may develop post‐traumatic stress disorder. Personal resilience might increase people's ability to manage life's challenges. However, limited study to explore their relationships. This study examined the relationships among lower urinary symptoms, resilience, and post‐traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in post‐surgery patients with rectal cancer.MethodsA cross‐sectional study design was used and included 188 patients with diagnosed rectal cancer who had undergone surgery over 24 months and were recruited from a hospital in southern Taiwan. The outcome measurements included a resilience scale, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), the Chinese Davidson Trauma Scale, personal characteristics, and disease‐related variables.ResultsThere were significant relationships among age at diagnosed, self‐reported physical status, perceived satisfied with recovery, urinary tract symptoms, resilience, and overall PTSS. The stepwise regression demonstrated that five factors, self‐reported physical status, resilience, urinary tract symptoms, age at diagnosed and gender, and together explained 27.7% of overall PTSS variance (10.7, 6.7, 3.7, 4.8 and 1.8% of variance, respectively).ConclusionThe study demonstrates that patients with diagnosed rectal cancers long‐term outcomes of PTSS, urinary tract symptoms, and resilience after surgery; in addition, self‐reported physical status, resilience, urinary tract symptoms, age at diagnosed and gender are the major predictors of PTSS. A better understanding of the long‐term outcomes of post‐surgery in rectal cancer patients and its related factors may help to decreasing the PTSS after surviving cancer.