bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breastfeeding cessation in the era of Elimination of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV in Uganda: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ngbapai Jackslina Gaaniri , Izudi Jonathan , Okoboi Stephen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Among human immunodeficiency (HIV) infected mothers, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends cessation of breastfeeding at one year to prevent HIV transmission but data are limited. We examined the frequency and factors associated with cessation of breastfeeding at one year among HIV infected postpartum mothers at Ndejje Health Center IV, a large peri-urban health facility in Uganda. Methods: This retrospective cohort study involved all HIV infected postpartum mothers enrolled in HIV care for at least 12 months between June 2014 and June 2018. We abstracted data from registers, held focused group discussions with HIV infected postpartum mothers, and key informant interviews with healthcare providers. Cessation of breastfeeding was defined as the proportion of HIV infected postpartum mothers who had stopped breastfeeding at one year. We summarized quantitative data descriptively, tested differences in outcome with the Chi-square and t-tests, and established independently associated factors using the modified Poisson regression analysis at 5% statistical significance level. We thematically analyzed qualitative data to enrich and triangulate the quantitative results. Results: Of 235 HIV infected postpartum mothers, 150 (63.8%) ceased breastfeeding at one year and this was independently associated with the HIV exposed infant (HEI) being female than male (Adjusted risk ratio (aRR): 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04, 1.50), the mother being multiparous than primparous (aRR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.04-1.53), and breastfeeding initiation on same-day as birth (aRR, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.01-0.41). Qualitative results showed that partner reminders about breastfeeding adequacy of BF knowledge and maternal literacy facilitated continued breastfeeding until one year. Inadequate breastfeeding knowledge, casual and formal work demands, in addition to increased breastfeeding demand among boys led to cessation of breastfeeding before one year.Conclusion. Cessation of breastfeeding at one year among HIV infected postpartum mothers was suboptimal and this might increase risk of mother to child transmissions of HIV. Cessation of breastfeeding was more likely among female HEIs and multiparous mothers, and less likely when breastfeeding is initiated on same-day as birth. Interventions to enhance cessation of breastfeeding at one year should target groups of women with lower rates.
The role of JNK 1 in controlling AQP-1 and choroidal thickness during recovery from form-deprivation myopia in guinea pigs
Authors: Chen Wei , Wei Li zhi , Miao Wang qi , Yan Wang , Yue Zhang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The development and recovery(REC) of myopia is associated with changing of choroidal thickness(CT) in model of guinea pigs. In this process, Aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) is related to changes in choroidal thickness during the recovery from myopia, but the corresponding signaling pathway has not been clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of JNK1 on CT/AQP-1 and the recovery from myopia.Methods: According to the different intravitreal injections in eyes that underwent form deprivation for 21 days, guinea pigs were divided into four groups: the REC group, the REC+anisomycin (agonist for JNK1, REC-AN) group, the REC+SP600125 (inhibitor for JNK1, REC-SP) group, and the REC+DMSO (REC-DM) group. Each group was divided into three subgroups according to the time of removal of the deprivation: 3 days (d), 7 d and 10 d. All animals underwent biometric measurements (refractive error, axial length (AL), and CT), and the protein expression of AQP-1 and p-JNK1 in the choroid was also measured.Results: In the REC and REC-DM groups, significant differences in CT/ refractive error /AL/p-JNK1 or AQP-1 were only found in the 3d group compared with the normal control (NC) group (all p<0.05). In the REC-AN group, CT/p-JNK1 or AQP-1 in the 3d group was significantly higher than that in the other 3d’ groups (all p<0.05), but no significant difference in refractive error or AL was found compared with that in the NC group (all p>0.05). In the REC-SP group, a significant difference in refractive error /CT/p-JNK1 or AQP1 was found in the 3d/7d group compared with the NC group (all p<0.05), but AL was only found in the 3d groups (both p=0.001).Conclusions: Changes in JNK1 phosphorylation can regulate AQP-1 and CT during the recovery from myopia and the recovery time. Thus, JNK1 may be a potential therapeutic target for preventing/treating myopia.
Socioeconomic inequalities in women´s access to health care: has Ecuadorian health reform succeeded?
Authors: Quizhpe Edy , Sebastian Miguel San , Teran Enrique , Pulkki-Brännström Anni-Maria 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Over the last twelve years, Ecuador has implemented a comprehensive health sector reform to ensure equitable access to health care services according to health needs. While there have been important achievements in terms of health care coverage, the effects of these reforms on socioeconomic inequalities in health care have not been analysed. This study assessed whether the health care reform implemented in the 2007 - 2017 decade contributed to reducing the socioeconomic inequalities in women´s health care access.Methods: This study was based on two waves of the Living Standards Measurement Survey conducted in Ecuador in 2006 and 2014. Data from women of reproductive age (15 to 49 years) was analysed to evaluate health care coverage in three indicators: skilled birth attendance, cervical cancer screening and the use of modern contraceptives. Absolute risk differences were calculated between the heath care indicators and the socioeconomic variables using binomial regression analysis for each time period. The Slope Index of Inequality (SII) was also calculated for each socioeconomic variable and period. A multiplicative interaction term between the socioeconomic variables and period was included to assess the changes in socioeconomic inequalities in health care over time.Results: Access to health care increased in the three studied outcomes during the health sector reform. Significant inequality reductions in skilled birth attendance were observed in all socioeconomic variables except in the occupational class. Cervical cancer screening inequalities increased according to education and occupation, but decreased by wealth. Only a decrease by education was observed for modern contraceptive use. Conclusions: While most socioeconomic inequalities in skilled birth attendance decreased during the reform, this was not the case for inequalities in cervical cancer screening or the use of modern contraceptives. Further work is needed to address the social determinants of these health inequalities.
How we teach children with asthma to use their inhaler: A scoping review protocol
Authors: McCrossan Patrick , Mallon Orla , Shields Michael , O'Donoghue Dara 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background One reason that asthma remains poorly controlled in children is poor inhaler technique. Current guidelines recommend checking inhaler technique at each clinical visit. However, they do not specify how best to train children to mastery of correct inhaler technique. Currently many children are simply shown how to use inhalers (brief Instruction) which results in less than 50% with correct inhaler technique. The aim of this scoping review is to explore published literature on teaching methods used to train children to master correct inhaler technique. Methods This scoping review will follow the Arksey O'Malley scoping review methodology and the 2015 Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. It will be reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Protocols extension for Scoping Reviews. An initial pilot exercise will be undertaken using the online database MEDLINE before proceeding to a complete search using the databases Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL and the Cochrane library. We will include studies published since the year 1956 on teaching the skill of inhaler technique to children. Due to the iterative nature of a scoping review, the research question or the search terms may alter following a piloting process. Discussion This scoping review will provide a broad overview of currently used educational techniques to improve inhaler technique in children with asthma. The analysis will allow us to refine future research in this area by focusing on the most effective techniques and optimising them. This will likely lead to a systematic review of the literature with the potential to design a randomised control trial of educational interventions to teach inhaler technique to children with asthma.
Differential diagnosis of COVID-19 from community acquired pneumonia by CT scan and follow-up
Authors: Liu Kai-Cai , Xu Ping , Lv Wei-Fu , Chen Lei , Qiu Xiao-hui , Yao Jin-Long , Gu Jin-Feng , Hu Bo , Wei Wei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective: Coronavirus disease-19(COVID-19) is the most serious infectious disease in the world at present. Accurate diagnosis of this disease in clinic is very important. this study aims to improve the differential ability of COVID-19 and other community acquired pneumonia(CAP) by CT,and to evaluate the short-term prognosis of patients. Methods: The clinical and imaging data of 165 COVID-19 and 118 CAP patients diagnosed in seven hospitals in Anhui Province,China from January 21,2020 to February 28, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Results：The sensitivity and specificity of age, white blood cell count, and ground glass shadow in the diagnosis of COVID-19 were 92.7% and 66.1%,respectively. Pulmonary consolidation,fiber cord,and bronchial wall thickening were used as indicators to exclude COVID-19.The sensitivity and specificity were 78.0% and 63.6%, respectively.The follow-up results showed that 67.8% (112/165) of the cases of COVID-19 had abnormal changes in lung residual levels,and the pulmonary sequelae of patients over 60 years of age became more severe with age.Conclusion：CT combined with clinical conditions, lung lesion density、 morphological characteristics and other associated signs, has a high accuracy for the early diagnosis of COVID-19 and the differential diagnosis of CAP.patients with COVID-19 infection over 60 years have poor prognosis.
Attendants’ experience with the Personalized citizen assistance for social participation (APIC)
Authors: Gagnon Karine , Levasseur Mélanie 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
To promote healthy aging, the social participation needs of older adults must be better met. Previous studies have shown the benefits of the Personalized citizen assistance for social participation (APIC), but few explored its influence on attendants. This study explored the assistance experience of attendants when providing the APIC to older adults with disabilities.
Methods
A qualitative design inspired by a phenomenological approach was used with six female attendants who participated in individual interviews.
Results
The APIC attendants felt useful, developed meaningful relationships with their older adults, and improved their self-knowledge. Attendants had the opportunity to reflect on their lives and self-aging. They contributed to older adults’ functional independence, motivation, and participation in social activities. Attendants encountered challenges related to withdrawn behavior in older adults, such as refusing to participate in activities.
Conclusions
Considering the identified benefits of the APIC for attendants, further studies should explore personalized assistance to preserve older adults’ health.
NCMHap: A novel method for haplotype reconstruction based on Neutrosophic c-means clustering
Authors: Zamani Fatemeh , Olyaee Mohammad , Khanteymoori Alireza 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Single individual haplotype (SIH) problem refers to reconstructing haplotypes of an individual based on several input fragments sequenced from a specified chromosome. Solving this problem is an important task in computational biology and has many applications in the pharmaceutical industry, clinical decision-making and genetic diseases. It is known that solving the problem is NP-hard. Although several methods have been proposed to solve the problem, but it is found that most of them have low performances in dealing with noisy input fragments. Therefore, proposing a method which be accurate and scalable, is a challenging task.Results: In this paper, we introduced a method, named NCMHap, which utilizes the Neutrosophic c-means (NCM) clustering algorithm. The NCM algorithm can effectively detect the noise and outliers in the input data. In addition, it can reduce their effects in the clustering process. The proposed method has been evaluated by several benchmark datasets. Comparing with existing methods indicates that NCMHap is significantly superior in the most cases, particularly when the amount of noise increases, it outperforms the comparing methods.Conclusion: The experimental results recommend the application of the proposed method on the datasets which involve the fragments with huge amount of gaps and noise.
Sarcopenia Is Associated with the Presence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province, China: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study.
Authors: Wang Yu-Ming , Zhu Ke-Fu , Zhou Wen-Jing , Zhang Qin , Deng Dan-Feng , Yang Yi-Chen , Lu Wen-Wen , Xu Jia , Yang Yun-Mei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Nowadays, both nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and sarcopenia have attracted extensive attention in public health. However, the relationship between NAFLD and sarcopenia remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the gender-specific association between sarcopenia and NAFLD according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS).
Methods
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and hepatic ultrasonography were measured in 578 participants (92 men and 486 women) during their annual health examinations. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore the association between NAFLD and sarcopenia with its two components.
Results
150 participants (30 men and 124 women) had NAFLD. The prevalence of sarcopenia was higher among the participants with NAFLD than those without (men: 20.0% vs. 9.7%, P = 0.295, women: 15.3% vs. 8.0%, P = 0.019). Low muscle mass (LMM) was independently associated with NAFLD in both men and women (men: odds ratio [OR], 2.88; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.52–5.46; women: OR, 2.08; 95%CI 1.63–2.67). Whereas, low muscle strength (LMS) was independently associated with NAFLD only in men participants, with the OR of 1.15 (95%CI 1.02–1.28).
Conclusion
The occurrence of sarcopenia was associated with a higher risk of NAFLD, especially in men, as demonstrated by lower muscle mass and lower muscle strength.
Multi-omics data reveal genes that are relevant for muscular amino acids in the common carp
Authors: Zhu Youxiu , Zhang Hanyuan , Xu Peng , Zhao Zixia , Feng Jianxin , Wu Biyin , Jiang Yanliang , Dong Chuanju , Xu Jian 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Fish muscular amino acids are a series of essential nutrients that embrace essential amino acids, branched-chain amino acids and flavorous amino acids. Previous studies have found that amino acids have important physiological effects on fish growth and development, as they are involved in maintaining nitrogen balance and in the formation of enzymes and hormones. Amino acids, such as aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine and alanine, that can have a significant effect on fish umami taste are called flavorous amino acids. Nevertheless, the studies on the genetic mechanisms of amino acid metabolism in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) are still limited.
Results

The purpose of this study was to examine the divergent patterns at the genomic, transcriptomic and epigenomic levels in fish with different amino acid contents. Genome-wide association analysis using 195 individuals of common carp was conducted, and 62 genes were identified to be associated with glycine, proline, and tyrosine content. RNA-Seq of samples with extreme contents of essential amino acids, branched-chain amino acids and flavorous amino acids was applied using brain, liver and muscle tissues, resulting in 1,643 differentially expressed genes. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing identified 3,108 genes with differentially methylated promoters. Through the enrichment analysis of transcriptome and DNA methylation results, we screened out a series of enriched pathways associated with amino acid metabolism, including various categories of pathways spanning growth regulation, lipid metabolism, the citrate cycle and other signaling pathways. Integrated studies demonstrated prominent correlations between DGE and DMP for amino acid contents trait in brain and muscle tissues.
Conclusion

In summary, the multi-omics data revealed candidate genes and pathways correlated with amino acid metabolism. These results will promote the process of the genomic selection and breeding strategy in muscular amino acid contents of fish.
Clinical physiological parameters for the prediction of gram-negative bacterial infection in the emergency department
Authors: Hsu Chan-Peng , Chen Hsin-Yu , Chen Wei-Lung , Chen Jiann-Hwa , Huang Chien-Cheng , Wu Po-Han , Chung Jui-Yuan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Early detection and treatment of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), major causative pathogens of sepsis, may benefit a patient’s outcome, since the mortality rate increases by 5–10% for each hour of delayed therapy. Unfortunately, GNB diagnosis is based on blood culture, which is time consuming. Therefore, an economic and effective GNB infection detection tool in the emergency department (ED) is warranted.Methods: We conducted a retrospective case control-study in the ED of a university-affiliated medical center between January 01, 2014 and December 31, 2017. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) age ≥ 18; (2) clinical suspicion of bacterial infection; (3) positive bacterial culture of blood or sputum or urine. Descriptive statistics was performed on patient demographic characteristics, vital signs, laboratory data, infection sites, cultured microorganisms, and clinical outcomes. The accuracy of vital signs to predict GNB infection was identified via logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.Results: A total of 797 patients were included in this study; the mean age was 71.8 years and 51.3% were male. The results revealed that patients with body temperature ≥ 38.5°C, heart rate ≥ 110 beats per minute, respiratory rate ≥ 20 breaths per minute, and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) < 14, had a 2.3-, 1.4-, 1.9-, and 1.6-fold greater risk of GNB infection, respectively. The area under the curve values for ROC analysis of these measures were 0.70, 0.68, 0.69, and 0.67, respectively.Conclusion: The four physiological parameters were rapid and reliable independent predictors for early detection of GNB infection.
Assessing the association between periodontitis and preterm low birth weight: A case control study
Authors: UWAMBAYE Peace , MUNYANSHONGORE Cyprien , RULISA Stephen , Shiau Harlan J , NUHU Assuman , KERR Michael S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Premature deliveries are the main causes of prenatal and infant mortality and morbidity in developed societies and is an important problem in obstetrics. Maternal periodontitis is a very prevalent condition that has suspected to be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes like preterm birth and low birth weight. However, there are still conflicting results and this study have been done to determine the association between periodontitis and preterm low birth weight in order to get necessary information that will enable us to improve mothers’ and children’s health by recommending the screening tool to be used by nurses and midwives to screen for periodontal diseases during antenatal consultations.
Methods
A case control study was done on 555 women on post-partum period. This case control was in ratio of 1:2; 1 case of preterm and low birth weight to 2 controls. There were 185 cases with preterm deliveries/ gestation age < 37 weeks and low birth weight / weight < 2500 g and 370 controls with term delivery/ gestation age of above or equal to 37 weeks and normal birth weight babies 2500 g and above. Multivariate regression analysis was done and the variables were hierarchically grouped into three groups: first categories of demographic variables were put in the regression model as step 1. Second category were other potential factors were put in regression model as the second step. The third category or the third step of regression model, the researcher put periodontitis as it was hypothesized a major predictor variable.
Results
Significant association was found between periodontitis and preterm low birth weight; women who had periodontitis had 6 times the odds of giving birth to preterm low birth weight babies compared to women who had no periodontitis (p < 0.001) (95% CI 3.9, 10.4).
Conclusion
Periodontitis is a risk factor for preterm low birth weight and preventive solutions like having a periodontitis screening tool for nurses and midwives during antenatal care consultations are highly recommended.
Introduction and Feeding Practices of Solid Food in Preterm Infants born in Salzburg
Authors: Hofstätter Edda , Köttstorfer Verena , Stroicz Patricia , Schütz Sebastian , Hackenberg Lorenz Auer , Brandner Johannes , Wald Martin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: It is shown that meeting the increased nutritional demand of preterm infants from birth is not only important for survival but essentially contributes to the infants` overall development and long-term health. While there are established guidelines for weaning term infants, evidence regarding preterm infants is scarce and less precise. The aim of this study was to identify the current practices on introducing solids to preterm infants amongst caregivers in Salzburg and determine potential reasons for early weaning.Methods: Altogether 68 infants born between 24 0/7 and 36 6/7 weeks were recruited and detailed structured interviews with the caregivers were conducted at 17 weeks corrected age. Weight, hight and head circumference were collected. Results: 52% of the study group received solids before the recommended 17 weeks corrected age. For this group the mean age being 13.77 ± 1.11 weeks corrected age. Premature introduction of solids significantly correlates with exclusively and early formula-feeding. 34% were weaned due to recommendation by their paediatrician. 23% of the preterm infants even received solids before 12 weeks corrected age, putting them at risks for developing obesity, celiac disease and diabetes. Conclusions: This study shows the necessity for clear guidelines regarding the introduction of complementary feeding in preterm infants as well as the importance of their implementation. Caregivers should receive information on this topic early enough and they should fully understand the difference between chronological and corrected age.