bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural magmatic granite as matrix for immobilizing simulated An4+ waste
Authors: Li Lingshuang , Shu Xiaoyan , Tang Hexi , Chen Shunzhang , Huang Wenxiao , Wei Guilin , Shao Dadong , Xie Yi , Lu Xirui 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In nature, many rocks contain radionuclides, and returning radioactive waste to nature is an environmentally friendly way. In this work, a natural magmatic granite rock has been studied as a host matrix for simulated An4+ waste disposal. The blank granite, in the form of powder, was firstly treated by muffle furnace heating in the temperature range of 800 °C to 1400 °C. It was found that the lowest crystallinity of the samples was obtained at 1300 °C. Moreover, 8 wt.% of simulated tetravalent actinides (CeO2) could be successfully immobilized in the natural granite at 1300 °C for 60 min. Raman results show the structure disordering in samples tends to increase with the increased amount of CeO2. SEM-EDS observation shows that the distribution of Ce was relatively uniform in the matrix. Moreover, the hardness of solidified body is comparable to traditional glasses and it decreases with the increase of CeO2 content.
Characterization of the immune cell infiltration landscape in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to aid immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Xinhai , Chen Tielou , Zhang Boxin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The tumor microenvironment chiefly consists of tumor cells, and tumor-infiltrating immune cells admixed with the stromal component. The recent clinical trial has shown that the tumor immune cell infiltration is correlated with the sensitivity to immunotherapy and the prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC). However, to date, the immune infiltrative landscape of HNSC has not yet been elucidated. Methods: We proposed two computational algorithms to unravel the immune infiltration landscape of 1029 HNSC patients. The Boruta algorithm and principal component algorithms (PCA) were employed to quantify three immune cell infiltration gene subtypes categorized as per the immune cell infiltrations pattern. Results: The high ICI score subtype was characterized by a higher tumor mutation burden (TMB) and the immune-activated signaling pathway. However, a low ICI score subtype was categorized as per the activation of immunosuppressive signaling pathways such as TGF-BETA, WNT signaling pathway, and lower TMB. Two immunotherapy cohorts confirmed patients with higher ICI score demonstrated significant therapeutic advantages and clinical benefits.Conclusions: This demonstrated that the ICI score could serve as an effective prognostic biomarker and predictive indicator for immunotherapy. A comprehensive understanding of the HNSC immune landscape might help in tailoring immunotherapeutic strategies for different patients.
Computed tomographic assessment of lung aeration at different positive end-expiratory pressures in a porcine model of intra-abdominal hypertension and lung injury
Authors: Regli Adrian , Ahmadi-Noorbakhsh Siavash , Mask Gabrielle Christine , Reese David Joseph , Herrmann Peter , Firth Martin Joseph , Pillow J Jane 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) is common in critically ill patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. High positive end-expiratory pressures (PEEP) can reverse lung volume and oxygenation decline caused by IAH in the setting of injured lungs. The impact of high PEEP levels on alveolar overdistension in IAH and lung injury is unknown. We aimed to define an optimal PEEP range during IAH and lung injury that would be high enough to reduce atelectasis formation while low enough to minimize alveolar overdistention.
Methods
Five anesthetized pigs received standardized anesthesia and mechanical ventilation. Peritoneal insufflation of air was used to generate intra-abdominal pressure of 27cmH2O (20 mmHg). Lung injury was created by intravenous oleic acid. PEEP levels of 5, 12, 17, 22, and 27cmH2O were applied. We performed computed tomography and measured arterial oxygen levels, respiratory mechanics, and cardiac output 5 min after each new PEEP level. The proportion of overdistended, normally aerated, poorly aerated, and non-aerated atelectatic lung tissue was calculated based on Hounsfield units.
Results
PEEP decreased poorly aerated and atelectatic lung whilst increasing normally aerated lung. Overdistension increased with each incremental increase in applied PEEP.
Conclusions
Our findings in a large animal model suggest that an optimal PEEP level which maximally recruits atelectatic lung without causing overdistension or hemodynamic compromise may not exist.
Repeat induced abortion and associated factors among reproductive age women who seek abortion services in Debre Berhan Town Health Institutions, Central Ethiopia, 2019
Authors: Behulu Geremew Kindie , Fenta Endegena Abebe , Aynalem Getie Lake 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective: To assess the magnitude and associated factors of repeat induced abortion among women aged from 15-49 who seek abortion care services in the health institutions of Debre Berhan town, Central Ethiopia, 2019Results: This study shows that the prevalence of repeat induced abortion among 355 respondents was to be 20.3 %. Those who reported as they had more than one partner in the last 12 preceding months, (AOR= 7.3, 95%CI: 3.21, 16.46), Age of the first sexual intercourse less than 18 years (AOR= 6, 95% CI: 2.54, 13.95) and Perceiving abortion procedure as it was not painful (AOR= 7.7, 95% CI: 2.9, 20.6) were variables positively associated with the repeatedly induced abortion among women who sought abortion services.
SMN-deficiency disrupts SERCA2 expression and intracellular Ca2+ signaling in cardiomyocytes from SMA mice and patient-derived iPSCs
Authors: Khayrullina Guzal , Moritz Kasey E , Schooley James F. , Fatima Naheed , Viollet Coralie , McCormack Nikki , Smyth Jeremy T. , Doughty Martin L. , Dalgard Clifton L. , Flagg Thomas P. , Burnett Barrington G. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of alpha motor neurons and skeletal muscle atrophy. The disease is caused by mutations of the SMN1 gene that result in reduced functional expression of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. SMN is ubiquitously expressed and there have been reports of cardiovascular dysfunction in the most severe SMA patients and animal models of the disease. In this study, we directly assessed the function of cardiomyocytes isolated from a severe SMA model mouse and cardiomyocytes generated from patient-derived IPSCs. Consistent with impaired cardiovascular function at the very early disease stages in mice, heart failure markers such as brain natriuretic peptide were significantly elevated. Functionally, cardiomyocyte relaxation kinetics were markedly slowed and the T50 for Ca2+ sequestration increased to 146 ± 4 msec in SMN-deficient cardiomyocytes from 126 ± 4 msec in wild type cells. Reducing SMN levels in cardiomyocytes from control patient IPSCs slowed calcium reuptake similar to SMA patent derived cardiac cells. Importantly, restoring SMN increased calcium reuptake rate. Taken together, these results indicate that SMN deficiency impairs cardiomyocyte function at least partially through intracellular Ca2+ cycling dysregulation.
Flight of the COVID-19 patient: experience with aWuhan evacuee- a case report
Authors: Segar Sandeep , Bouland Daniel , Torriani Francesca , Kwak Kevin , Asudani Deepak , Taplitz Randy , Gupta Vineet 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared a global pandemic by World Health Organization in March 2020. Case Presentation:We report a case of a 51-year-old Chinese woman who was evacuated from Wuhan, China and diagnosed with COVID-19 infection at a Southern California quarantine facility. Clinical course was notable for high fevers, night sweats, productive cough, transient leukopenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and transaminitis. Evolving hypoxia and infiltrates on chest imaging warranted the trial of an investigational antiviral drug - remdesivir. The patient recovered and was discharged after two weeks of hospitalization. Conclusion:This case highlights the patient’s clinical course including diagnostic work-up, medical management, and challenges in defining non-infectivity in a relatively unknown disease.
Evaluation of coagulation function by rotation thromboelastometry in critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Pavoni Vittorio , GIANESELLO LARA , Pazzi Maddalena , Stera Caterina , Meconi Tommaso , Frigieri Francesca Covani 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Critically ill patients with COVID-19 pneumonia suffered both high thrombotic and bleeding risk. The effect of SARS-CoV-2 on coagulation and fibrinolysis is not well known. We conducted a retrospective study of critically ill patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) a cause of severe COVID-19 pneumonia and we evaluated coagulation function using rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) on day of admission (T0) and 5 (T5) and 10 (T10) days after admission to ICU. Coagulation standard parameters were also evaluated. Forty patients were enrolled into the study. The ICU and the hospital mortality were 10% and 12.5%, respectively. On ICU admission, prothrombin time was slightly reduced and it increased significantly at T10 (T0=65.1±9.8 vs T10=85.7±1.5, p=0.002), while activated partial thromboplastin time and fibrinogen values were higher at T0 than T10 (32.2±2.9 vs 27.2±2.1, p=0.017 and 895.1±110 vs 332.5±50, p= 0.002, respectively); moreover, whole blood thromboelastometry profiles were consistent with hypercoagulability characterized by an acceleration of the propagation phase of blood clot formation [i.e., CFT below the lower limit in INTEM 16/40 patients (40%) and EXTEM 20/40 patients (50%)] and significant higher clot strength [MCF above the upper limit in INTEM 20/40 patients (50%), in EXTEM 28/40 patients (70%) and in FIBTEM 29/40 patients (72.5%)]; however, this hypercoagulable state persists in the first five days, but it decreases ten day after, without returning to normal values. No sign of secondary hyperfibrinolysis or sepsis induced coagulopathy (SIC) were found during the study period. In six patients (15%) a deep vein thrombosis and in 2 patients (5%) a thromboembolic event, were found; 12 patients (30%) had a catheter-related thrombosis. ROTEM analysis confirms that patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia had a hypercoagulation state that persisted over time.
The impacts of Upper Blue Nile Dams construction on agricultural water availability of Sudan
Authors: Mulat Asegdew G. , Moges Semu A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The objective of this research is assessing water resource availability in the Blue Nile River for different development scenarios using Mike Hydro modeling. The long term Blue Nile total irrigation water demand will be more than 46.67 × 109m3, which is nearly similar to the naturalized flow (around 48 × 109m3). In the phase II irrigation, water shortfalls increase to 0.38 × 109m3/year. There is up to 2.172 × 109m3/year irrigation water deficit at the full development level in Ethiopia. Due to flow regulation, there are no shortfalls in irrigation in Sudan in either the medium or the long-term. Dams located in Ethiopia give more advantage to the Sudanese schemes than that of Ethiopian regarding irrigation development.
Bisphosphonates Can Maintain Periprosthetic Bone Mass Density after Total Hip Replacement, with Controversy in Region of Interest 5
Authors: Hao Dongsheng , Wang Junjie , Zuo Liyun 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Total hip replacement (THR) is the standard surgical treatment of hip diseases. Periprosthetic
bone mass density (BMD) loss may be a cause for revision surgery. Bisphosphonates (BPs) are now the
principal class medications for osteoporosis.

Objectives:
To demonstrate the effect of BPs on treating periprosthetic osteoporosis after THR via a meta-analysis
of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods:
A comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, the Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register
of Controlled Trials was performed for RCTs on the effect of BPs on treating periprosthetic osteoporosis after
THR and clinical outcomes relative to controls. The primary outcome measures were the change in BMD in each
region of interest (ROI), the change in serum bone turnover marker levels, the change in functional parameters
and the risk of adverse effects (AEs). The final search was performed in March, 2020.

Results:
Nine RCTs were included. A total of 359 patients met the inclusion criteria. BPs can clearly maintain
periprosthetic BMD in ROIs at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 at 6, 12 and 24 months. In addition, BPs can clearly decrease
serum procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) levels at 12 months. There was no significant difference
in the risk of AEs between the BP and control groups; however, BPs can cause more patients to decline participation.

Conclusion:
BPs can effectively maintain overall periprosthetic BMD, but BMD in ROI 5 remains controversial.
In addition, the safety of BPs is relatively high, but the compliance may be relatively low.
The Efficacy and Safety of Bisphosphonates for Osteoporosis in Women Older Than 65 Years: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fan Qin , Wang Junjie 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Osteoporosis presents a major threat to the health of women older than 65 years.
Bisphosphonates (BPs) are now the principal class of medications for osteoporosis.

Objective:
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of BPs in women older than 65 years.

Methods:
A comprehensive search in the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Central databases
was undertaken for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy and safety of BPs in women older than 65
years. The primary outcome measures were the change in bone mass density (BMD), serum bone turnover marker
levels, fracture rate and the adverse effect (AE) rate. The final search was performed in August 2019.

Results:
Seven RCTs were included. A total of 23287 patients met the inclusion criteria. BPs significantly increased
the BMD of the posteroanterior (PA) spine, lateral spine and femoral neck, and reduced the fracture,
vertebrate fracture and hip fracture rates in women older than 65 years. In addition, BPs increased the risks for
pyrexia, myalgia, arthralgia, headache and influenza-like symptoms and had no statistical effect on any AEs, any
serious AEs, discontinuation due to AEs, oesophagitis, any upper gastrointestinal adverse event, atrial fibrillation
and myocardial infarction occurrence in women older than 65 years. Finally, intravenous BPs reduced hip fracture
risk but increased AEs in women older than 65 years.

Conclusion:
Despite the fact that AEs significantly increased after drug delivery, BPs are highly effective and
safe for managing osteoporosis in women older than 65 years. Zoledronic acid caused an increased rate of AEs in
women older than 65 years, but these AEs seemed to be mild to moderate. In addition, the hip fracture rate in
women older than 80 years old treated with BPs was different than that in the other included patients. Therefore,
doctors may prescribe BPs for women older than 65 years in order to increase BMD, and AEs and hip fractures in
women older than 80 years should be given attention.
Flavonoid-Based Cancer Therapy: An Updated Review
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Elham , Hassanzadeh Ali , Marofi Faroogh , Alivand Mohammad Reza , Solali Saeed 
Published: April 2020

:As cancers are one of the most important causes of human morbidity and mortality worldwide, researchers try to discover novel compounds and therapeutic approaches to decrease survival of cancer cells, angiogenesis, proliferation and metastasis. In the last decade, use of special phytochemical compounds and flavonoids was reported to be an interesting and hopeful tactic in the field of cancer therapy. Flavonoids are natural polyphenols found in plant, fruits, vegetables, teas and medicinal herbs. Based on reports, over 10,000 flavonoids have been detected and categorized into several subclasses, including flavonols, anthocyanins, flavanones, flavones, isoflavones and chalcones. It seems that the anticancer effect of flavonoids is mainly due to their antioxidant and anti inflammatory activities and their potential to modulate molecular targets and signaling pathways involved in cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, migration, angiogenesis and hormone activities. The main aim of this review is to evaluate the relationship between flavonoids consumption and cancer risk, and discuss the anti-cancer effects of these natural compounds in human cancer cells. Hence, we tried to collect and revise important recent in vivo and in vitro researches about the most effective flavonoids and their main mechanisms of action in various types of cancer cells.
Evaluation of the Effects of Rumex obtusifolius Seed and Leaf Extracts Against Acanthamoeba: An in vitro Study
Authors: Nayeri Tooran , Bineshian Farahnaz , Khoshzaban Fariba , Asl Abdolhossein Dalimi , Ghaffarifar Fatemeh 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Acanthamoebiasis treatment is a major and challenging problem due to
the presence of resistant cyst form. Many herbal extracts and their derivatives have been used
against trophozoites and cysts of Acanthamoeba, but no effective therapeutic agent has yet been discovered.
Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Rumex obtusifolius (R. obtusifolius)
extracts against a clinical strain of Acanthamoeba genotype T4 in vitro.

Methods:
In this experimental study, after genotyping the clinical isolate, the hydroalcohlic
extracts of R. obtusifolius seeds and leaves were prepared. Different concentrations (1.25, 2.5,
5 and 10 mg/ml) of extracts were tested in triplicate (24, 48 and 72h) on trophozoites and
cysts of Acanthamoeba. Mortality of the parasite was assessed by trypan blue vital staining
and flow cytometry analysis.

Results:
Results showed that the extract of R. obtusifolius leaves at the concentration of 10 mg/ml
killed 100% of trophozoites and cysts after 72 h. However, the seed extract of R. obtusifolius had
weak inhibitory effects on trophozoites and cysts of Acanthamoeba. In the presence of 10 mg/ml of
hydroalcoholic seed extract of R.obtusifolius in culture medium after 72 h, 28.6% of trophozoites
and 0% of cysts of Acanthamoeba were killed. After analysis by flow cytometry, seeds and leaves
extract indicated apoptosis effect. Seed and leaf extracts caused 2.6% and 0.4% percent apoptosis.

Conclusion:
These extracts are not promising candidates for further medicine development
on acanthamoebiasis. Nonetheless, further researches are necessary to clarify effective
fractions of seed and leaf extracts of R. obtusifolius and their mechanisms of action.
On the Edge-version of Topological Indices of Titanium Dioxide Nanotube and Nanosheet
Authors: Prabhu S. , Murugan G. , Arulperumjothi M. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
In computational and theoretical chemistry, real numbers programming
certain structural skin appearance of natural molecules and derivative from parallel molecular graphs
are called the graph invariants or more frequently structural descriptors (topological indices).

Methods:
Structural descriptors are numeric quantities, which are resulting from a molecular structure
by mathematical calculations.

Results:
In Quantitative Structure-Activity Relation (QSAR) and Quantitative Structure-Property
Relation (QSPR) study, these parameters are utilized to compute the biological properties of chemical
composites.

Conclusion:
In this computational research paper, we find a degree based on the edge version of
topological indices of Titanium dioxide nanotube and nanosheet.
Evaluation of Cholesterol Lowering Efficacy and Antibacterial Potential of Probiotics: An In vitro Study
Authors: Aman Ayisha , Shamim Tooba , Siddiqui Ayesha , Naheed Suad 
Published: April 2020

Background and Objectives:
Probiotics are nonpathogenic and beneficial viable microorganisms
that exhibit potential health welfare for human beings. Probiotics are found in various
food products. They also occur as natural microflora in the intestine of mammals. Main goal of this
study was to isolate probiotics conferring antibacterial activity and cholesterol lowering ability
from different fruits.

Materials and Method:
Present research reveals the usefulness of probiotics, in which twenty one
bacterial cultures were isolated from different fruit samples including figs, coconut water and
grapes. These strains were explored for their antibacterial and cholesterol reduction ability by conducting
in vitro experiments.

Results and Discussion:
Among twenty one isolates, nine probiotic cultures FgC2, FgC7, FgC14,
G2C5, G1C, GrC18 and StCW showed maximum antibacterial activity against different human
clinical pathogens. This suggests that these microbes produce inhibitory metabolites which are extracellular
and diffusible. For cholesterol assimilation assay, six strains FgC2, FgC7, FgC12,
FgC13, GrC7 and GrC18 presented remarkable cholesterol lowering efficacy (up to 98%) when
grown in the presence of bile salts. Only potential probiotic cultures were identified and characterized
as lactic acid bacteria (LAB), on the basis of Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology.

Conclusion:
Thus, this study is helpful to exploit the bioactive and therapeutic potential of beneficial
microorganisms so that they can be utilized in the generation of functional food and other
health promoting products.