bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MitraClip: a word of caution regarding an all too liberal indication and delayed referral to surgery in case of failure
Authors: Ostovar Roya , Erb Michael , Schroeter Filip , Zytowski Michael , Kuehnel Ralf-Uwe , Hartrumpf Martin , Albes Johannes Maximilian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Although indications for the MitraClip are becoming increasingly liberal, the number of patients requiring valve surgery after an insufficient outcome of the procedure is growing. Referral to surgery is, however, frequently delayed. During this time, the patients often deteriorate. We retrospectively analysed patients before MitraClip implantation and after mitral valve surgery.

METHODS
A total of 49 patients who received a mitral valve replacement (average 8 ± 12 months after MitraClip implantation) were assessed. Of these, 53% had 2–4 clips inserted. The mean age was 73 years, and the mean log EuroSCORE was 20.79 ± 14.42%. Echocardiographic data obtained prior to MitraClip implantation and preoperatively, 10 days and 6 and 12 months after cardiac surgery were reviewed. Survival analysis, risk profile and postoperative complications were analysed.

RESULTS
The 30-day and 1-year mortality was 26.5% and 59.2%, respectively. Prior to MitraClip implantation, 42.8% of patients had mild tricuspid insufficiency and 6.1% had moderate tricuspid insufficiency. Prior to surgery, 26.5% showed mild, 32.7% moderate and 38.8% severe tricuspid insufficiency (P &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, right heart function assessed by tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion deteriorated significantly after Implantation of the MitraClip (P &lt; 0.001). In patients with a MitraClip, the pulmonary artery pressure was significantly higher at the time of mitral replacement than it was before the MitraClip was implanted (P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
A subgroup of patients does not benefit from a MitraClip and shows progressive deterioration in cardiac function, making valve replacement under difficult circumstances inevitable. The earlier these patients are operated on, the better it is. It can be assumed that some patients would be better off with primary surgery, especially if mitral reconstruction is then still feasible. Therefore, the indications for MitraClip implantation should be carefully considered and caution should be exercised during monitoring.
Deriving internal crown geometric features of Douglas-fir from airborne laser scanning in a realized-gain trial
Authors: du Toit Francois , Coops Nicholas C , Goodbody Tristan R H , Stoehr Michael , El-Kassaby Yousry A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Tree improvement programs are critical to establishing high yield seed sources while maintaining genetic diversity and developing sustainable plantation forests. Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) is commonly used in improvement programs due to its superior strength and stiffness properties. Progeny testing trials in British Columbia (BC), Canada aim to increase stem volume without sacrificing wood quality. As genetically improved stock in BC is entering its fourth generation, wood quality and branch attributes are becoming more important as selection criteria evolve. This study investigates the utility of Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) to produce metrics that describe branch attributes, and test whether these attributes showed differences in trees of three different genetic gain levels (GL); Wild-Stand (WS), Mid-Gain (MG) and Top-Cross (TC), planted at two different spacings (2.9 m and 4.0 m) in a realized-gain trial. New methods were developed to utilize ALS data to estimate metrics such as branch angle, length and volume using a point clustering approach. The relative impact of GL and spacing on branch attributes were assessed. Spacing was significant for branch angle (2.9 m = 73.53°, 4.0 m = 72.46°), whereas GL (WS = 0.861 m, MG = 0.917 m, TC = 0.948 m) and spacing (2.9 m = 0.884, 4.0 m = 0.942) were significant for length. For all metrics, TC trees at 4.0 m spacing were consistently significantly different whenever GL or the interaction effect was significant. This data provide an insight into how ALS can be used to model branch attributes, whereas the ability to analyse trees by plot, individual tree and individual branch attributes further allows researchers and foresters to maximize the value of ALS data. Findings from this research can be integrated into large-scale programs not just for monitoring trees, but also for identifying new trees that can display attributes associated with larger volumes and increased value.
Importance-aware personalized learning for early risk prediction using static and dynamic health data
Authors: Tan Qingxiong , Ye Mang , Ma Andy Jinhua , Yip Terry Cheuk-Fung , Wong Grace Lai-Hung , Yuen Pong C 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective
Accurate risk prediction is important for evaluating early medical treatment effects and improving health care quality. Existing methods are usually designed for dynamic medical data, which require long-term observations. Meanwhile, important personalized static information is ignored due to the underlying uncertainty and unquantifiable ambiguity. It is urgent to develop an early risk prediction method that can adaptively integrate both static and dynamic health data.

Materials and Methods
Data were from 6367 patients with Peptic Ulcer Bleeding between 2007 and 2016. This article develops a novel End-to-end Importance-Aware Personalized Deep Learning Approach (eiPDLA) to achieve accurate early clinical risk prediction. Specifically, eiPDLA introduces a long short-term memory with temporal attention to learn sequential dependencies from time-stamped records and simultaneously incorporating a residual network with correlation attention to capture their influencing relationship with static medical data. Furthermore, a new multi-residual multi-scale network with the importance-aware mechanism is designed to adaptively fuse the learned multisource features, automatically assigning larger weights to important features while weakening the influence of less important features.

Results
Extensive experimental results on a real-world dataset illustrate that our method significantly outperforms the state-of-the-arts for early risk prediction under various settings (eg, achieving an AUC score of 0.944 at 1 year ahead of risk prediction). Case studies indicate that the achieved prediction results are highly interpretable.

Conclusion
These results reflect the importance of combining static and dynamic health data, mining their influencing relationship, and incorporating the importance-aware mechanism to automatically identify important features. The achieved accurate early risk prediction results save precious time for doctors to timely design effective treatments and improve clinical outcomes.
No Evidence That Salt Water Ingestion Kills Adult Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Yee Donald A , Dean Catherine , Webb Cameron , Henke Jennifer A , Perezchica-Harvey Gabriela , White Gregory S , Faraji Ary , Macaluso Joshua D , Christofferson Rebecca 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVarious products and insecticides are available that purport to reduce wild populations of adult mosquitoes. Recently, several manufacturers and general public comments on the internet have promoted devices that claim that ingestion of salt will significantly reduce populations of wild mosquitoes to near zero; there are no known scientific efficacy data that support these claims. We tested the survival of nine mosquito species of pest and public health importance across four adult diets: Water Only, Sugar Water Only (8.00%), Salt Water Only (1.03%), and Sugar + Salt Water. Species included the following: Aedes aegypti (L.), Aedes albopictus (Skuse), Aedes dorsalis (Meigen), Aedes notoscriptus (Skuse), Aedes vigilax (Skuse), Anopheles quadrimaculatus (Say), Culex pipiens (L.), Culex quinquefasciatus (Say), and Culex tarsalis (Coquillett). Male and female mosquitoes were placed in cages and allowed to feed on liquid diets under controlled environmental conditions for 1 wk. For seven of the nine species, adult survival was significantly higher in the presence (Sugar Water, Sugar + Salt Water) versus the absence (Water Only, Salt Only) of sugar, with no indication that salt had any effect on survival. Anopheles quadrimaculatus showed intermediate survival in Sugar + Salt to either Sugar Only or no sugar diets, whereas Aedes dorsalis showed low survival in Salt Only versus other diets. Based on our data and coupled with the fact that mosquitoes have physiological and behavioral adaptations that allow them to avoid or process excess salt (as found in blood meals), we conclude that there is no scientific foundation for salt-based control methods of mosquitoes.
Governing Practices and Strategic Narratives for Syrian Refugee Returns
Authors: Şahin Mencütek Zeynep 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHow do host states attempt to speed up returns of refugees before peacebuilding and the lack of official arrangements with the home state? Building on the conceptual framework, which coalesces governing practices, strategic narratives, and issue linkages, the article explains the early stages of policy formulation and discourses on refugee returns. Empirically, it draws from Turkey’s return initiatives targeting Syrians since 2016. It argues that the Turkish government seeks to advance in (1) practices promoting self-organized voluntary returns of a small number of refugees and (2) the preparation of ground for mass repatriation and resettlement back to Northern Syria. The strategic return narrative has 2-fold target audiences and aims. While keeping the domestic constituency stands as the main motivation by conveying the message of ‘Syrians are returning’, legitimizing unilateral cross-border interventions targets the international audience. The article contributes to the lack of research on the governance of refugee returns by examining the host states’ strategic narrating in relation to the domestic and geopolitical interests.
Direct transarterial embolization via the deep circumflex iliac artery for a type II endoleak using a novel Onyx™ mixture
Authors: Ghaly Paul , Schlaphoff Glen , Iliopoulos Jim , Ahmad Mehtab 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Internal iliac artery aneurysms (IIAA) can be associated with abdominal aortic aneurysms. We describe a technique of successful transarterial embolization using a mixture of Onyx™ formulations in a 72-year-old with previous open and endovascular aneurysm repairs of his abdominal aorta and a residual large left IIAA causing a Type II endoleak. We demonstrate that utilization of the deep circumflex iliac artery is a safe and viable alternate route to treating IIAA when direct access is not achievable.
In vitro mutagenicity of selected environmental carcinogens and their metabolites in MutaMouse FE1 lung epithelial cells
Authors: Hölzl-Armstrong Lisa , Nævisdal Andrea , Cox Julie A , Long Alexandra S , Chepelev Nikolai L , Phillips David H , White Paul A , Arlt Volker M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Chemicals in commerce or under development must be assessed for genotoxicity; assessment is generally conducted using validated assays (e.g. Tk mouse lymphoma assay) as part of a regulatory process. Currently, the MutaMouse FE1 cell mutagenicity assay is undergoing validation for eventual use as a standard in vitro mammalian mutagenicity assay. FE1 cells have been shown to be metabolically competent with respect to some cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes; for instance, they can convert the human carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene into its proximate mutagenic metabolite. However, some contradictory results have been noted for other genotoxic carcinogens that require two-step metabolic activation (e.g. 2-acetylaminofluorene and 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline). Here, we examined three known or suspected human carcinogens, namely acrylamide, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) and 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP), together with their proximate metabolites (i.e. glycidamide, N-OH-PhIP and N-OH-4-ABP), to aid in the validation of the FE1 cell mutagenicity assay. Assessments of the parent compounds were conducted both in the presence and absence of an exogenous metabolic activation mixture S9; assessments of the metabolites were in the absence of S9. The most potent compound was N-OH-PhIP -S9, which elicited a mutant frequency (MF) level 5.3-fold over background at 5 µM. There was a 4.3-fold increase for PhIP +S9 at 5 µM, a 1.7-fold increase for glycidamide −S9 at 3.5 mM and a 1.5-fold increase for acrylamide +S9 at 4 mM. Acrylamide −S9 elicited a marginal 1.4-fold MF increase at 8 mM. Treatment with PhIP −S9, 4-ABP ±S9 and N-OH-4-ABP −S9 failed to elicit significant increases in lacZ MF with any of the treatment conditions tested. Gene expression of key CYP isozymes was quantified by RT-qPCR. Cyp1a1, 1a2 and 1b1 are required to metabolise PhIP and 4-ABP. Results showed that treatment with both compounds induced expression of Cyp1a1 and Cyp1b1 but not Cyp1a2. Cyp2e1, which catalyses the bioactivation of acrylamide to glycidamide, was not induced after acrylamide treatment. Overall, our results confirm that the FE1 cell mutagenicity assay has the potential for use alongside other, more traditional in vitro mutagenicity assays.
Cognitive complaints in brain tumor patients and their relatives’ perspectives
Authors: Gosselt Isabel K , Scheepers Vera P M , Spreij Lauriane A , Visser-Meily Johanna M A , Nijboer Tanja C W 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Cognitive deficits have been frequently assessed in brain tumor patients. However, self-reported cognitive complaints have received little attention so far. Cognitive complaints are important as they often interfere with participation in society. In this study, cognitive complaints were systematically assessed in brain tumor patients. As patients’ experiences and relatives’ estimations may vary, the level of agreement was investigated.

Methods
Brain tumor outpatients (n = 47) and relatives (n = 42) completed the inventory Cognitive Complaints—Participation, assessing cognitive complaints across 10 daily life activities and cognitive domains (total, memory, executive, attention). Cognitive complaints scores were compared between patients with different clinical characteristics (tumor type, number of treatments, the absence/presence of epilepsy). Complaints difference scores in patient-relative pairs were calculated to explore the level of agreement using intraclass correlations (ICC). Furthermore, we explored whether the level of agreement was related to (1) the magnitude of cognitive complaints in patient-relative pairs and (2) patients’ cognitive functioning (assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment).

Results
Patients and relatives reported most cognitive complaints during work/education (100%) and social contacts (88.1%). Patients with different clinical characteristics reported comparable cognitive complaints scores. Overall, the level of agreement in patient-relative pairs was moderate-good (ICC 0.73-0.86). Although in 24% of the pairs, there was a substantial disagreement. The level of agreement was not related to the magnitude of complaints in patient-relative pairs or patients’ cognitive functioning.

Conclusion
Both the perspectives of brain tumor patients and their relatives’ on cognitive complaints are important. Clinicians could encourage communication to reach mutual understanding.
A Low Level of Darunavir Resistance–Associated Mutation Emergence in Patients With Virological Failure During Long-term Use of Darunavir in People With HIV. The ANRS CO3 Aquitaine Cohort
Authors: Chaussade Hélène , Tumiotto Camille , Le Marec Fabien , Leleux Olivier , Lefèvre Lucile , Lazaro Estibaliz , Lafon Marie-Edith , Nyamankolly Elsa , Duffau Pierre , Neau Didier , Bellecave Pantxika , Bonnet Fabrice 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Ritonavir-boosted darunavir (DRV/r) is a protease inhibitor (PI) indicated for the treatment of naïve and pretreated HIV-infected patients since 2007. Our study aims to describe DRV/r-treated patients experiencing virological failure (VF) documented with HIV resistance testing.

Methods
Data from patients belonging to the ANRS CO3 Aquitaine Cohort treated with a regimen including DRV/r between February 2007 and December 2015 were analyzed. Baseline characteristics of patients experiencing VF (defined by 2 consecutive plasma viral loads &gt;50 copies/mL) were compared with those without VF. We then described factors associated with VF as emergence of IAS DRV resistance–associated mutations (RAMs).

Results
Among the 1458 patients treated at least once with a DRV/r-based regimen, 270 (18.5%) patients experienced VF during follow-up, including 240 with at least 1 genotype resistance test (GRT). DRV RAMs were detected in 29 patients (12%). Among them, 25/29 patients had ≥2 DRV RAMs before DRV/r initiation, all of whom had experienced VF during previous PI treatments. For 18/29, DRV/r was maintained after VF, and controlled viremia was restored after modification of DRV-associated antiretroviral molecules or increased DRV dose. Finally, only 6/29 patients selected new DRV RAMs after DRV/r initiation. All of these experienced previous VFs while on other PIs.

Conclusions
These results highlight the efficacy and robustness of DRV/r, as the emergence of DRV RAMs appeared in &lt;0.4% of patients receiving a DRV/r-based regimen in our large cohort.
A longitudinal analysis of fast-food exposure on child weight outcomes: Identifying causality through school transitions
Authors: Dunn Richard A , Nayga Rodolfo M , Thomsen Michael R , Rouse Heather L 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article investigates the effect of fast-food availability on childhood weight outcomes by gender, race, and location. We use a novel identification strategy based on changes in fast-food exposure along the route between the home and school that occur as students progress through the public school system and transition to different types of schools, e.g. from elementary school to intermediate school or from intermediate school to high school. Using a longitudinal census of height and weight for public school students in Arkansas, we find no evidence that changes in fast-food exposure are associated with changes in body mass index z-score for any student subpopulation.
FLUOROSCOPY-GUIDED BILIARY PROCEDURES IN A PREGNANT, LIVER TRANSPLANT PATIENT: FETUS RADIATION PROTECTION
Authors: Gerasia R , Cannataci C , Gallo G S , Tafaro C , Caruso C , Maruzzelli L , Miraglia R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We report three cases of clinically necessary, fluoroscopy-guided, percutaneous biliary procedures performed safely in a pregnant, liver transplant recipient using three different angiography suites. The uterine cumulative equivalent dose was 0.25 mSv, a value obtained by adding the doses of the three procedures described above, and which is relatively low when compared with the naturally occurring background radiation exposure for a 9-month pregnancy (~0.5–1 mSv). Our experience shows that staff knowledge, awareness and liaison promote the application of all dose reduction strategies possible while still achieving the clinical aim despite using different angiographic equipment.
Riding the Tiger: Managing Risk in U.S. Housing Finance and Health Insurance Welfare Markets
Authors: Morgan Kimberly J , Reisenbichler Alexander 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article examines the political and economic dynamics of welfare markets in the USA. These marketplaces differ from other public–private welfare arrangements in that the state crafts and sustains these markets with the aim of using competition to promote cost-effective welfare provision. However, welfare markets face fundamental tensions between competition and stability that we trace to the allocation of risk between the state and private providers. Faced with the prospect of bearing potential losses, private firms often deploy instruments to reduce risk, lobby for risk protections from policymakers, or threaten to exit the market. The result is markets that are either non-competitive but stable, or competitive but unstable. In short, when policymakers create welfare markets they are riding a tiger, making themselves vulnerable to the functioning of markets over which they have imperfect control. We theorize and illustrate these dynamics through analyses of mortgage securitization, Medicare Advantage markets and the Obamacare health exchanges. This article contributes to the study of the US welfare state, speaks to the perils of marketized welfare in rich democracies and shows how market reforms can lead to unexpected state expansion.
Seasonal variation in sleep homeostasis in migratory geese: a rebound of NREM sleep following sleep deprivation in summer but not in winter
Authors: van Hasselt Sjoerd J , Mekenkamp Gert-Jan , Komdeur Jan , Allocca Giancarlo , Vyssotski Alexei L , Piersma Theunis , Rattenborg Niels C , Meerlo Peter 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSleep is a behavioral and physiological state that is thought to serve important functions. Many animals go through phases in the annual cycle where sleep time might be limited, for example, during the migration and breeding phases. This leads to the question whether there are seasonal changes in sleep homeostasis. Using electroencephalogram (EEG) data loggers, we measured sleep in summer and winter in 13 barnacle geese (Branta leucopsis) under semi-natural conditions. During both seasons, we examined the homeostatic regulation of sleep by depriving the birds of sleep for 4 and 8 h after sunset. In winter, barnacle geese showed a clear diurnal rhythm in sleep and wakefulness. In summer, this rhythm was less pronounced, with sleep being spread out over the 24-h cycle. On average, the geese slept 1.5 h less per day in summer compared with winter. In both seasons, the amount of NREM sleep was additionally affected by the lunar cycle, with 2 h NREM sleep less during full moon compared to new moon. During summer, the geese responded to 4 and 8 h of sleep deprivation with a compensatory increase in NREM sleep time. In winter, this homeostatic response was absent. Overall, sleep deprivation only resulted in minor changes in the spectral composition of the sleep EEG. In conclusion, barnacle geese display season-dependent homeostatic regulation of sleep. These results demonstrate that sleep homeostasis is not a rigid phenomenon and suggest that some species may tolerate sleep loss under certain conditions or during certain periods of the year.