bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of bacterial diversity and abundance between sexes of Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from China
Authors: Guo Chunhui , Peng Xin , Zheng Xialin , Wang Xiaoyun , Wang Ruirui , Huang Zongyou , Yang Zhende 
Published: January 2020

Background
Insects harbor a myriad of microorganisms, many of which can affect the sex ratio and manipulate the reproduction of the host. Leptocybe invasa is an invasive pest that causes serious damage to eucalyptus plantations, and the thelytokous parthenogenesis, low temperature resistance, protection in galls, generation overlap and small body of L. invasa contribute to its rapid invasion and population growth. However, the endosymbiotic bacterial composition, abundance and sex differences of L. invasa remain unclear. Therefore, this research aimed to identify the bacterial communities in L. invasa adults and compare them between the sexes of L. invasa lineage B.

Results
The Illumina MiSeq platform was used to compare bacterial community composition between females and males of L. invasa by sequencing the V3–V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. A total of 1,320 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained. These OTUs were subdivided into 24 phyla, 71 classes, 130 orders, 245 families and 501 genera. At the genus level, the dominant bacteria in females and males were Rickettsia and Rhizobium, respectively.

Conclusion
The endosymbiotic bacteria of L. invasa females and males were highly diverse. There were differences in the bacterial community of L. invasa between sexes, and the bacterial diversity in male specimens was greater than that in female specimens. This study presents a comprehensive comparison of bacterial communities in L. invasa and these data will provide an overall view of the bacterial community in both sexes of L. invasa with special attention on sex-related bacteria.
Effects of indium exposure on respiratory symptoms: a retrospective cohort study in Japanese workers using health checkup data
Authors: Mitsuhashi Toshiharu 
Published: January 2020

Background
Indium compounds are known health hazards for lung cancer and interstitial pneumonia. Furthermore, they are related to emphysema, alveolar proteinosis, and cholesterol granuloma. In Japan, laws were revised in 2013 to tighten regulations on indium exposure in workplaces. However, its impact on the health of workers who handle indium has not been evaluated. This study aimed to investigate whether subjective respiratory symptoms in these workers have reduced after the 2013 amendment in the regulations.

Methods
The subjects were workers from certain areas of Japan who had undergone health checkups between January 1, 2013, and June 30, 2015. Indium-handling and non-handling workers were categorized into the exposed and less-exposed groups, respectively. Based on the findings of health checkups during this period, the hazard ratio of subjective respiratory symptoms (cough, sputum production, shortness of breath, and palpitation) and its 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with the less-exposed group as the reference. The Prentice-Williams-Peterson model was used for calculation, and a model that adjusted for coarse analysis and potential confounding factors was adopted.

Results
Overall, 2,561 workers (from 22 companies) who underwent 6,033 health checkups were included. The total person-years were 2,562.8 years, and 162 outcome events occurred. The hazard ratios of the exposed group were 1.65 (95% CI [1.14–2.39]: p = 0.008) and 1.61 (95% CI [1.04–2.50]: p = 0.032) in the crude and adjusted models, respectively.

Conclusion
Indium-handling workers had a high hazard of the subjective respiratory symptoms than non-indium -handling workers despite stricter regulations on indium exposure in workplaces. This indicates the need for further changes to the legislation to protect the health of workers exposed to harmful substances in workplaces. Further studies including larger diverse cohorts are needed to validate our findings.
Evaluation of Effective and Safe Extraction Method for Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Kolanuts from Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Rodrigue Kouadio Kan , Godi Henri Biego , Yves Bleouh Nyamien , Assi Yolande Ake , Adama Coulibaly 
Published: January 2020

Aims: The current study targets the achievement of a reliable process for the determination of PAH contents in kola nuts for better appreciation of the risks incurred from the consumption of such food products.
Study Design: Kolanuts collected from two big storage centers were analyzed after the validation of the proposed analytical method.
Place and Duration of Study: Central Laboratory for Food Hygiene and Agro-Industry, LANADA in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, running 2018.
Methodology: Two references were used for the validation of the analytical method, namely the French standard NF V 03-110 and the ISO directive ISO/DIS/15753 applicable in Liquid Chromatography. The PAH contents of some samples collected from different stores were then determined.
Results: From the data, a significant regression chart was recorded for the PAH detection graphs. All the analysis exhibited good linearity with significant correlation coefficients (R²˃ 0.99). The relative standard deviations of the repeatability and reproducibility assays are below 3%, whereas standard additions of PAH are fully recovered, with percentages close to 100%.
Conclusion: Using this analytical method, kola nuts contamination by PAH have been determined with satisfactory.This analytical method could help in ensuring effective sanitary control at different critical points of kola nut distribution channel for promoting a good management of the toxicity concerns in such products.
A Comparison between Chicken Viscera and Housefly Maggot Cultured from this By-products for Nile Tilapia Diets: Growth Performance, Feed Utilization and Whole Body Composition
Authors: Alofa Cayen S. , Abou Youssouf 
Published: January 2020

Aims: The feeding trials were conducted to compare the effects of partial fishmeal replacement by two different animal protein sources on growth performance, feed utilization efficiency and body composition of juvenile Nile tilapia.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Aquaculture Research Center, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, University of Abomey-Calavi for a period of 84 days.
Methodology: Three isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated containing fishmeal (CD), chicken viscera meal (CVM) and housefly maggot meal (HMM), as partial fishmeal replacement. Commercial diet Skretting (SK) was used as reference diet. All male Oreochromis niloticus with an average initial body weight of 8.65 g were fed thrice a day to apparent satiation. Each treatment was randomly attributed to three replicates.
Results: Fish fed all experimental diets showed no effects (P>.05) on survival rate (91.33-96.00 %), condition factor (1.85-1.9), protein efficient ratio (2.05-2.37) and feed conversion ratio (1.21-1.40), although higher values were observed with control diets. Final mean weight and daily weight gain of fish fed HMM diet (88.31 g ; 0.95 g. days-1) were not significantly different from those fed control diets C (88.54 g; 0.95 g/j) and Sk (87.59 g; 0.94 g/j) respectively. Growth performances significantly decreased (P<.05) in CVM group (75.09 g; 0.75 ± g/j). Whole-body protein contents were similar in all groups, whereas lipid content was highest in those fed CVM.
Conclusion: The results indicated that 200 g fishmeal per kilo diet can be successfully replaced with 250 g.Kg-1 of HMM without adverse effect on growth and feed utilization whereas CVM inclusion did not perform also well.
A Study of the Lipid Structure of Castor Seed Oil (Ricinus communis L), Biodiesel and Its Characterization
Authors: Bello K. , Airen F. , Akinola A. O. , Bello E. I. 
Published: January 2020

The paper characterized and transesterified castor seed oil. The resulting product was tested as feedstock for biodiesel production. It was carried out at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, the Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria, over a period of eight months. The oil was extracted in a soxhlet extractor with n-hexane as the solvent. The oil obtained was filtered and then characterized. Transesterification was carried out using a laboratory scale biodiesel processor. The fuel and physico-chemical properties of the oil and its biodiesel were determined following ASTM, EN and AOCS methods. The results revealed that all the properties of the biodiesel are within the ASTM limits for biodiesel except the kinematic viscosity. The oil contains 89% ricinoleic acid and has high solubility in methanol due to the hydroxyl group and requires minimum amount of catalyst to give maximum biodiesel yield. The heating value obtained for the oil and its biodiesel were 32 MJ/kg and 38 MJ/kg. The castor seed oil investigated has oil content of 34%, and the properties characterized are all within the limits for biodiesel. Castor oil has excellent solubility in methanol and hence theoretically an ideal feedstock for biodiesel production.
Intra Ocular Lens Technology - A Review of Journey from Its Inception
Authors: Kumari Ragni , Ranjan Srivastava Mrinal , Garg Pragati , Janardhanan Rajiv 
Published: January 2020

Aim: To understand the advancement and development in Intraocular lens.
Introduction: Now a day cataract surgery is the most commonly performed surgical procedure in the world. Removing the opaque, cataractous lens and replacing it with an artificial lens to achieve near to normal visual acuity post operatively is not only accepted but by and large a mandatory norm.
Findings: The lenses used for the purpose are called Intra Ocular Lens. Ridley’s brilliance has improved the lives of many millions of people. The gradual improvement in IOL design, first in making flexible lenses, then the ever-improving optical outcomes have meant that vision after cataract surgery has never been better – in the developed world.
Conclusion: We have come a long way in terms of IOL design, but many people with cataracts in rural areas of the developing world, need help to catch up.
Advantages of Surface Ablation in Excimer Laser Surgery
Authors: Chraibi Fouad 
Published: January 2020

In this article, we review the advantages of corneal laser surface surgery to explain the current trend toward this technique. The excimer laser in corneal surface surgery can be used for two reasons. On the one hand, to correct a refractive error by photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and its two variants; Laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) and Epithelial Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (Epi-lasik).
On the other hand, it is used to perform superficial corneal capacities photoablation, among other uses, by Phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK).
PRK is regaining popularity thanks to its better safety profile, mitomycin C usage and improvement of photoablation profiles. Lasek and Epilasik are less frequently performed nowadays.
PTK is an important element in the techniques used to improve visual acuity in a wide range of corneal conditions such as corneal scars, recurrent erosion syndrome and corneal dystrophies.
Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Mollayeva Tatyana 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury, generally defined as an alteration in brain function, or other evidence of brain pathology as a result of an external force, has established itself as a significant threat to public health. It impacts survivors and their families, and demonstrates clear economic repercussions at the societal level, costing hundreds of billions of dollars annually worldwide. To detect, manage and prevent this complex and often lifelong disabling injury, it is essential to understand its distribution and patterns, and have comprehensive knowledge of persons at risk of injury and adverse outcomes.

Key Concepts

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is on the rise worldwide.

The lack of a universal definition of TBI presents a problem for quantification of true TBI burden.

The baseline clinical severity measures for TBI are often based on symptomatology, loss of consciousness and post‐traumatic amnesia; discordance between clinical severity and evidence of injury based on neuroimaging is common; investment in biomarkers of neuronal and glial integrity is growing.

Persons with similar injury severity and acute presentation can experience significantly different clinical course and functional outcomes.

Certain groups of people are more vulnerable to TBI and adverse outcomes than others, owing to unique interactions between their biological, behavioural, social and cultural standing before and after the injury.

Clinicians, researchers and policy leaders dealing with critical injuries with long‐lasting effects such as TBI cannot afford to leave its probability in the future to chance; greater investment in injury prevention is timely.
Integration of Graphene Electrodes with 3D Skeletal Muscle Tissue Models
Authors: Kim Yongdeok , Pagan‐Diaz Gelson , Gapinske Lauren , Kim Yerim , Suh Judy , Solomon Emilia , Harris Jennifer Foster , Nam SungWoo , Bashir Rashid 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntegration of conductive electrodes with 3D tissue models can have great potential for applications in bioelectronics, drug screening, and implantable devices. As conventional electrodes cannot be easily integrated on 3D, polymeric, and biocompatible substrates, alternatives are highly desirable. Graphene offers significant advantages over conventional electrodes due to its mechanical flexibility and robustness, biocompatibility, and electrical properties. However, the transfer of chemical vapor deposition graphene onto millimeter scale 3D structures is challenging using conventional wet graphene transfer methods with a rigid poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) supportive layer. Here, a biocompatible 3D graphene transfer method onto 3D printed structure using a soft poly ethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) supportive layer to integrate the graphene layer with a 3D engineered ring of skeletal muscle tissue is reported. The use of softer PEGDA supportive layer, with a 105 times lower Young's modulus compared to PMMA, results in conformal integration of the graphene with 3D printed pillars and allows electrical stimulation and actuation of the muscle ring with various applied voltages and frequencies. The graphene integration method can be applied to many 3D tissue models and be used as a platform for electrical interfaces to 3D biological tissue system.
High‐Aspect‐Ratio Nanostructured Surfaces as Biological Metamaterials
Authors: Higgins Stuart G. , Becce Michele , Belessiotis‐Richards Alexis , Seong Hyejeong , Sero Julia E. , Stevens Molly M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMaterials patterned with high‐aspect‐ratio nanostructures have features on similar length scales to cellular components. These surfaces are an extreme topography on the cellular level and have become useful tools for perturbing and sensing the cellular environment. Motivation comes from the ability of high‐aspect‐ratio nanostructures to deliver cargoes into cells and tissues, access the intracellular environment, and control cell behavior. These structures directly perturb cells' ability to sense and respond to external forces, influencing cell fate, and enabling new mechanistic studies. Through careful design of their nanoscale structure, these systems act as biological metamaterials, eliciting unusual biological responses. While predominantly used to interface eukaryotic cells, there is growing interest in nonanimal and prokaryotic cell interfacing. Both experimental and theoretical studies have attempted to develop a mechanistic understanding for the observed behaviors, predominantly focusing on the cell–nanostructure interface. This review considers how high‐aspect‐ratio nanostructured surfaces are used to both stimulate and sense biological systems.
Piezocapacitive Flexible E‐Skin Pressure Sensors Having Magnetically Grown Microstructures
Authors: Asghar Waqas , Li Fali , Zhou Youlin , Wu Yuanzhao , Yu Zhe , Li Shengbin , Tang Daxiu , Han Xintong , Shang Jie , Liu Yiwei , Li Run‐Wei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFlexible pressure sensors are highly desirable in artificial intelligence, health monitoring, and soft robotics. Microstructuring of dielectrics is the common strategy employed to improve the performance of capacitive type pressure sensors. Herein, a novel, low‐cost, large‐area compatible, and mold‐free technique is reported in which magnetically grown microneedles are self‐assembled from a film of curable magnetorheological fluid (CMRF) under the influence of a vertical curing magnetic field (Bcuring). After optimizing the microneedles' fabrication parameters, i.e., magnetic particles' (MPs') concentration and Bcuring intensity, piezocapacitive sensors capable of wide range pressure sensing (0–145 kPa) with ultrafast response time (50 ms), high cyclic stability (>9000 cycles), as well as very low detection limit (1.9 Pa) are obtained. Sensor properties are found dependent on microneedles' fabrication parameters that are controllable, produce variable‐sized microneedles, and allow to govern sensing properties according to desired applications. Finally, the sensor is employed in holding a bottle with different weights, human breath, and motion monitoring, which demonstrate its great potential for the applications of human–machine interaction, human health monitoring, and intelligent soft robotics.
High‐Efficiency Formamidinium Lead Bromide Perovskite Nanocrystal‐Based Light‐Emitting Diodes Fabricated via a Surface Defect Self‐Passivation Strategy
Authors: Chen Hongting , Fan Lianwei , Zhang Rui , Bao Chunxiong , Zhao Haifeng , Xiang Wei , Liu Wei , Niu Guangda , Guo Runda , Zhang Louwen , Wang Lei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFormamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr3) nanocrystals (NCs) demonstrate great potential in light‐emitting diode (LED) applications due to their pure green emission and excellent stability. However, the abundant defects at the surface of the NCs act as charge trapping centers and significantly increase the trap‐assisted nonradiative recombination channels, hampering the performance improvement of LEDs based on FAPbBr3 NCs. Herein, a facile self‐passivation strategy of the surface defects is developed by introducing excess formamidinium bromide (FABr) during the colloidal synthesis of NCs, leading to much improved photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of the obtained NCs. In addition, enhanced charge transport property is measured in the assembled films owing to the simultaneously declined insulating ligands at the surface of NCs. The molar ratio of FABr and PbBr2 is rationally optimized during the synthesis of NCs and high‐efficient green‐emissive LEDs are fabricated with a champion current efficiency of 76.8 cd A−1, corresponding to an external quantum efficiency of 17.1%, which is among the best‐performing green LEDs based on perovskite NCs so far.
Sampling probes affect bulk density and soil organic carbon measurements
Authors: Sharma Sumit , Wilson Tracy , Ochsner Tyson , Warren Jason G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSoil sampling equipment can be a major source of bias in soil organic carbon (SOC) stock estimations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of sampling probes on soil bulk density (BD) and SOC stocks calculated using fixed depth (FD) and equivalent soil mass (ESM) methods. Soil samples were collected to 30 cm using three probes with different diameters and divided into 0–10‐, 10–20‐, and 20–30‐cm layers. The probe with smallest diameter measured higher BD at 0–10 cm in 42% of fields and was significantly different when averaged across fields, while no consistent differences were observed at lower depths. This study shows that sampling probes with different diameters may introduce biases in BD and SOC measurements at individual or combined soil layers when calculated using the FD approach. The ESM approach reduced the differences in mean SOC stocks calculated using different probes.
Spin‐Orbit Torque Driven Magnetization Switching and Precession by Manipulating Thickness of CoFeB/W Heterostructures
Authors: Kim Changsoo , Chun Byong Sun , Yoon Jungbum , Kim Dongseuk , Kim Yong Jin , Cha In Ho , Kim Gyu Won , Kim Dae Hyun , Moon Kyoung‐Woong , Kim Young Keun , Hwang Chanyong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe switching of magnetization via spin‐orbit torque has attracted much attention because of its fast switching and low power consumption. Numerous studies have focused on increasing the conversion efficiency from charge to spin current and out‐of‐plane magnetization cases. Recently, there have been reports on the fast and deterministic switching of in‐plane magnetization devices. It is reported that an in‐plane spin‐orbit torque (SOT) device can archive the oscillation, precession, and direct switching by a combination of torques—controlling the thickness of the ferromagnet and normal metal. With proper layer thicknesses, the device can show the three dynamics listed above at each current density in a macro spin simulation. Based on an understanding of the role of torque‐driving magnetization dynamics, a dynamic map of an in‐plane SOT device depending on torque efficiency and current density is shown.
Synergistic Regulation of Phonon and Electronic Properties to Improve the Thermoelectric Performance of Chalcogenide CuIn1−xGaxTe2:yInTe (x = 0–0.3) with In Situ Formed Nanoscale Phase InTe
Authors: Li Min , Luo Yong , Hu Xiaojuan , Cai Gemei , Han Zhongkang , Du Zhengliang , Cui Jiaolin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMost ternary Cu‐In‐Te chalcogenides have large bandgaps and high Seebeck coefficients, hence they have received much attention in the thermoelectric (TE) community. However, it is still challenging to reduce their thermal conductivities while sustaining their electrical properties; therefore, much work needs to be done. The phonon and electronic properties in ternary CuInTe2‐based chalcogenides CuIn1−xGaxTe2:yInTe (x = 0–0.3) with in situ formed nanoscale phase InTe precipitated in the grain boundaries is synergistically regulated. This regulation reduces the lattice thermal conductivity by a factor of ≈2 compared to pristine CuInTe2, due to phonon–phonon interaction and point defect scatterings introduced in the main phase at high temperatures for samples at x ≤ 0.2, combined with the phonon blocking effect from InTe at low and middle temperatures. At the same time, the power factor enhances by 73%. As a result, the TE performance improves significantly with a peak figure of merit value of 1.22 at ≈850 K.