bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and finite element analysis study of die geometrical affect the forming load during extrusion process
Authors: Shukur Jalil J. , Jaber Adil Sh. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The effect of extrusion parameters on the extrusion of A1100 pure aluminum was investigated with the aid of numerical methods. With this regard, the process parameters, three die angles (15°,30°, 45°), and three forming velocities (1,2,3 mm/min) were studied. Besides, the experimental results were analyzed using the finite element analysis (FEA) using ANSYS 16. All the experimental and numerical results were compared to each other and it was concluded from the results that the effect of die geometry on the forming load is more dominant than forming velocity. In addition, it was observed that the increase in the extrusion speed causes a significant increase in the forming load for all die angles.
Numerical and experimental study for assessment the effect of baffles in a grooved cavity
Authors: Yasin Aya H. , Yasin Nabil J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The present study is concentrated on the effect of using baffles (as abstraction means) in a cavity to enhance the heat transfer. For this purpose, an experimental and numerical study was carried out. In the experimental study, a test rig consists of a groove rectangular duct and square baffle at three different positions at the top wall with a constant heat flux applied at the bottom wall was built up and used. In the numerical study, mesh generation and finite volume analysis were performed using Ansys. 18 with (k-ε Relazabel) turbulent model to calculate the pressure drop, temperature, and heat transfer rate. The study was concentrated on the effect of baffle position, and number for the range of Reynolds number (4000-16000) and Grashof’s number between (107-108) using air with (Pr=0.7) as a working fluid. The results show that inserting a square baffle at the right position of the cavity leads to increasing of Nusselt number by (73%) comparing to that cavity with no baffles and (60%), (67%) with that at left and center position for the baffle. Comparing numerical and experimental shows a good agreement between them with a maximum deviation (12%), also a close agreement notice when comparing the present results with some of the previous works.
Novel Wall-Climbing Robot Capable of Transitioning and Perching
Authors: Mahmood S K , Bakhy S H , Tawfik M A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The main restriction facing wall climbing robots WCRs during travelling is the adaptation to specific type of surfaces. In general, the applications of climbing robots have been grown with their ability to deal with various surfaces. Motivated by this realization, this paper presents an innovative design of propeller-type climbing robot, where it can work on different types of surfaces. Also this work includes a comprehensive survey of propeller-type wall climbing PRWCR, where the robots of related works are analyzed in order to provide the required background to evaluate the major advantages and shortcomings of the current work. The proposed robot has two ground navigation modes; these modes supported two different ground-wall transitioning scenarios. To overcome the limitation on power source, the mission life was extended by proposing perching mechanism. The real climbing robot is manufactured, and the experiments are conducted in this research in order to check the robot performance.
Four Earing’s Prediction in Deep Drawing of AISI 1008 Steel Sheet Conical Product
Authors: Jweeg Muhsin J. , Mohammed Adnan I. , Jabbar Mohammed S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Earing is a phenomenon that appears in deep drawing of parts produced using this process because of the anisotropic material properties. Most of, recent theories didn’t fully employ the mechanical materials properties, and ears number achieved depends on the FE simulation approaches. To anticipate the ears form issue in conical parts of AISI 1008 steel sheet deep drawing, in this work a new method is used to predict the earing formation during deep drawing. This method proposed combines the yielding limits and anisotropy r-values of the material to determine Hill48 yield criterion variables using several conical angles with several punch velocities. Equation for the value of yielding and anisotropy index for different orientation is used. AISI 1008 steel sheet is used as a case in this work, the zone of deformation or blank is partitioned radially to equal parts according to the anisotropic behavior. Hill48 yield function constants solved based on the material yielding point and anisotropy index together for the parallel deformed regions. A simulation using FE software for the process on the base of this method is executed to compare it results of lab work. and it noticed that Increasing speed may contribute slightly in decreasing the severity of anisotropy effect and this can be explained the process propagate the material need time to flow and if the speed increase this lead to increasing in strain hardening of the material[m]. Increasing die angle shows that the different between the highest point to lowest point in the cup edge may increase. This work produces a conductive and dependable way to anticipate the forms of earing during cup drawing, which will have positive effective in manufacturing implementations and numerical outcomes and shows high agreement with lab work.
Fatigue behavior and fractography in friction stir welding zones of dissimilar aluminum alloys (AA5086-H32 with AA6061-T6)
Authors: Mousa Ahmed B , Abbass Muna K , Hussein S K 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Dissimilar aluminum alloys of AA5086-H32 with AA6061-T6 were welded by friction stir welding method using three different values of linear and rotating speed; V = 50, 75 and 90 mm/min., N = 680, 920 and 1500RPM. Tensile test was used to determine the efficiency of welded samples. The microstructure, hardness, XRD analysis and fatigue tests were studied for the welded sample with the highest tensile strength. The fatigue test was studied in the welding and the nearby region at a distance of x=5, 10 and 15 mm from the welding line. The fractured fatigue surface was analyzed using SEM. The welding speed used has an effect on the efficiency of the welded samples where the maximum welding efficiency (82%) was obtained at N = 680 and V = 75 mm/min. The microstructural analysis indicated that there is a significant elongation and bending in the grains of the thermo-mechanical affected zone (TMAZ) in the advance side (AA5086-H32) of the weld compared to the retreating side (AA6061-T6). The results of XRD and EDS indicated that there is no transition of phases between the two alloys. The maximum value of hardness was at the weld line and started to decrease away from it, hence the values of hardness at the advance side was higher compared to the retreating side. Fatigue strength of the welded samples was less than the wrought alloys.
Improvement of Corrosion and Erosion Resistance Properties for Cast Iron
Authors: Ali Muslim , Alshalal Iqbal , Al Zubaidi Faten N. , Yousif Ali R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCast iron is considered a very common material for manufacturing applications due to its low cost, easy casting and high stress compression sustains. One of the obstacles in the application of cast iron are the corrosion and erosion phenomena which limits using the cast iron in certain applications. To improve the resistance rate of cast iron to corrosion and erosion. Chromium material had been added to the gray cast iron as a function of weight with different ratios to check which ratio is perfect to increase its resistance. The effect of corrosion and erosion on cast iron was investigated experimentally with and without chromium additives on the resistance of gray cast iron with and without chromium additive. Results showed that the mechanical properties increased with the increase of the chromium ratio in the four cases in general to minimize the risk of material destruction from erosion-corrosion.
Improving the Specifications of Floor Coating by adding nanoclay
Authors: Hussein Seenaa I 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In the present study the effect of weight percentage of nanoclay with epoxy resin coating on mechanical properties (impact strength, hardness, and wear rate), Adhesion test and thermal properties (thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), thermal expansion coefficient (CTE), the weight percentage of nano clay at (0,1,3,5,7) wt%, has been investigated. Results indicated, that when increase the weight ratio of nano clay the value of impact strength increased, hardness and decreasing wear rate up 5wt%, and at 7 wt% that the impact strength, hardness would be decreased and wear rate increase due to agglomeration of nano clay. The strength adhesion pull off of the epoxy coating was 1.76 Mpa, when adding nano clay, improve the adhesion properties of the epoxy coating at the ratio of 5%. The improved the thermal stability of the nanoclay filled with epoxy coating. Thermal stability is very important for coating materials.
Triple Solutions of Nanoparticle plus Polymer-Surfactant compound for Enhancing the Drag Reduction Using a Rotational Disk Apparatus
Authors: Alsaedi Sajda S , Shnain Zainab Y. , Rashed Musaab K. , Filip P 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the ability of three types of drag reduction agents (DRAs) has been investigated to assess the impact of adding a small amount part per million (ppm) of polymer and surfactant, as well as nanoparticle substances, as drag improvers of internal flow via a pipeline network. The selected DRAs have been tested in the rotating disk apparatus (RDA) at various concentrations in the range of (50-1200) ppm and various rotating disk velocities in the range of (50-3000) rpm. Multiple trials have been done to figure out the best substance for enhancing drag force reduction. Impacts of the shear rate on viscosity (μ) at various concentrations of polymer and surfactant solutions have been analyzed with rheologic tests. The results detect that all selected substances have proved to be effective drag improvers in internal flow. Torque values were decreased with increased DRA concentrations, which caused a significant increase in drag reduction percentage (%DR). The drag reduction percentage of complex solutions at the highest concentration of 1200 ppm, results in around (44-47) % DR. In contrast, the results of the individual solutions at the same concentration results in around (32-38) % DR.
Applying Carbon Nanotubes for Enhancing Fluid Flow
Authors: Shnain Zainab Y. , Alwasiti Asawer A. , Rashed Musaab K. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
One of the economical important challenges in pipeline transportation is reducing the drag; e.g reducing the pressure drop along the pipe as much as possible. Although many efforts have been made, a universal mechanism and environmentally friendly approach to reduce the drag is still setbacks. The present work introduces an environmentally friendly method to reduce drag using microbubble, polyethylene oxide (PEO) with concentrations (100, 400,1100,1900 and 2500 ppm) and nanopaticles (carbon nano tube CNT) with concentrations (100, 400,1100,1900 and 2500 ppm). The pipeline loop was used to individually study the materials, their complexes as well as the combination of either of these with micro bubbles. The experiments were conducted in a pipeline loop to mimic the practice in the petroleum industries. The result showed that the drag reduction increases as flow and additive concentraons increases and the maximum reduction was 40% for PEO and 58% for CNT. The results also show that the use of blend additives has greater effect than the individual materials and combining the polymer, CNT suspended, and the microbubbles gave 80% drag reduction.
Design of Ultra-Wideband MIMO Antenna for Breast Tumor Detection
Authors: Muhajr A B , Mahdi J f , Khadhim M A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The breast tumor is rarely detected early; early detection helps to quickly and effectively treat. A number of methods are used to detect breast tumors, with mammography being the most popular breast screening method. Mammography is the X-ray tumor in the breast that has some limitation and is quite painful. Microwave imagery provides an enticing mammography alteration by detecting breast tumor using micro strip transmitter at microwave frequency. A fractal shaped UWB MIMO circular ring transmitter has a total size of 60 to 100 mm2 and has a range of frequencies from 3.1 until 12.0 GHZ. The transmitter is designed using (CST) Studio Suite 3D EM simulation and analysis software.
Design of Ultra-Wideband Microwave Antenna Array for Detection Breast Cancer Tumours
Authors: Ahmed S S , Mahdi J F , Kadhim M A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Microwave imagery for identification of Breast cancer is based on the electrical contrast between fatty breast tissues. We implemented a simple fractal antenna in this paper (peano patch antenna) in the Ultra-Wideband frequency (6.744) GHZ as low as (-42.657 dB). For breast imaging on a microwave system, the option of antenna is made of an antenna array consisting of 18 antennas. For better detection of tumors, the antenna is positioned in a circular design so that it can be faced directly to the phantom of the breast. This choice is made by positioning the array antennas on the breast skin to test the magnetic, electrical fields and current density in healthy tissue of breast phantom built and simulated in the studio simulator CST Microwave.
Real measurement of optimal access point localizations
Authors: Zaal R M , Mustafa F M , Abbas E I , Mosleh M F , Abdulwahid M M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The widely applied location-based services require a high standard for positioning technology. With the development of the wireless communication technology, the positioning services based on Wi-Fi are increasingly demanded. To understand the positioning accuracy limits under a certain given Access Point topology and to be able to make design recommendations. This paper proposed a method for proper deployment of AP devices on the building of the electrical department in the university of technology and computing the measurements of the Received Signal Strength (RSS). Received Signal Strength measurement was obtained from different received points located within the targeted building. Many software can be used for the measuring of RSS values. In our work, it has been used Net Spot pro software. Net Spot is a software tool for wireless network assessment, scanning, and surveys, analyzing Wi-Fi coverage and performance. RSS reading were measured for four directions (North-South-East – West). It should mention that each RSS measurement obtained per each direction, is actually the average of 4 RSS measurement samples. This trend is to provide more accurate results than a single measurement Floor layout has been designed and imported to the software and used to allocate the measurements in the exact received point locations. The objective of this paper is to achieve full coverage area with less number of AP devices and reduce the total implementation costs.
Based on IoT Healthcare Application for Medical Data Authentication: Towards A New Secure Framework Using Steganography
Authors: Hashim Mohammed Mahdi , Rhaif Suhad Hasan , Abdulrazzaq Ali A. , Ali Adnan Hussein , Taha Mustafa Sabah 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
With increasing transmission of sensitive information over the dispersed IoTs, security of sensitive patient’s contents is becoming more challenging and has been enthusiastic area of research since last decades. Evolution in the concealment of data was reflected in the medical field specifically on medical images. Hide information technology in the image is called steganography. The objective of this study is the preservation of privacy and confidentiality of data in uncertain surroundings during multimedia exchange joining two IoT hops. For attacker hindrance and, provision of data confidentiality, a resilient multilevel security perspective depending on information hiding and cryptography is suggested. The existing schemes have limitations related to the equilibrium trade-off amid two variables (medical image quality and security). In addition, the direct embedment of the secret data into the images and further subtraction of an encrypted data from it often enables the intruders to easily detect and extract the hidden information. Based on these factors, we proposed a multilevel security based on 3
th

random iterations with chosen a procedure was implemented using Henon function to stop against cybercrimes challenges. The patient information is going through the preparation stage (different steps) before the embedding algorithm in order to increase the security. Superior results achieved with this study in term of imperceptibility and security the reason is to choose the right method in the right place. Satisfying results, gained when benchmarking our results with existing one in literature through the same criteria.
Design and Implementation of a Modified Luo Converter with Higher–Voltage Ratio Gain
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed T. , Alshamaa Nabil K. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a new modified of the positive output super—lift Luo (POSL) converter in order to increase the output voltage gain. The conventional elementary Luo converter has a voltage lift cell, which consists of one inductor, one diode and one capacitor. The main drawback of the elementary circuit is near conventional boost converter in terms of lifting output voltage at a higher duty cycle. The novelty of proposed modification provides high—voltage transfer ratio gain by changing the inductor (L) of the basic (POSL) with switched—capacitor—inductor cell, which consists of two diodes, one capacitor and two inductors. The advantages of the proposed converter over elementary circuit are can be increasing the output gain ratio at a lower and higher duty cycle as well as low voltage stress on switch. Pulse width modulation (PWM) as a voltage mode control strategy is used to control the new converter. The new converter works by using one switch to make the control simple, more efficient and more effective. In addition, the equations of voltage and current in continuous and discontinuous conduction modes (CCM) and (DCM) are analyzed at steady-state error. The simulation and practical results show the effectiveness of matching the new converter to the theoretical analysis as well as the proposed converter has higher efficiency is reached to 95.4% as compare with elementary circuit has 94.1%. The simulation is performing by Matlab/Simulink environment.
Hand Gesture Recognition Using Mechanomyography Signal Based on LDA Classifier
Authors: Buk Aymen Al Yahyah , Wali Mousa K , Al-Timemy Ali H. , Raoof Koasi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The growing number of amputees in Iraq with multiple degrees of amputations makes it necessary to provide them with prosthetic hands with an easy to use control system that meets their aspirations. The Mechanomyography (MMG) signal has been proposed as an alternative or assisting method for hand gesture recognition. Electromyography (EMG) which is used as control signal in the commercial prosthetic hands faces many challenges such as electrical interference, non-stationery and electrode displacement. The MMG signal has been presented as a method to deal with the existing challenges of EMG. In this paper, MMG based hand gesture recognition is proposed with Pattern Recognition (PR) system. MMG signal have been collected from six healthy subjects, using accelerometers and microphones, which performed seven classes of hand movements. Classification accuracy of approximately 89% was obtained with PR method, consisting of time domain and Wavelet feature extraction and Linear Discernment Analysis (LDA) for classification. The results showed that the proposed method has a promising way for detecting and classifying hand gestures by low-cost MMG sensors which can be used for the control of prosthetic hand.
Optimal location of UPFC devices for minimizing Losses in Transmission Line
Authors: Amin Ihssan A , Mahmood Dhari Y , Numan Ali H 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The fast increase in world loads has made electrical networks more complex and difficult to operate within their capacities. This has contributed to many issues like the failure of the loss of the power. Flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) are therefore considered to be the best solution to this problem, the Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) device is the most important of FACTS devices because of its ability to reduce overall line losses and increase the power system’s transmission capacity. To increase the advantages of this device we need to find the optimal location for it. In the search process code to determine the optimal placement of UPFC device to minimizing losses in the transmission line in the standard Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE 14 bus) test system using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)by using (MATLAB program/M-file). This paper deals with the optimization of two UPFC compensator parameters in the power system with the aim of reducing losses and increasing the transmission line load limit by using a modified version of the PSO algorithm The power system simulation results show that the UPFC’s optimal location has been able to minimize the losses from the transmission line.
Reduced pole to pole voltage deviations through stopping MMC blockading loss of terminals below DC faults
Authors: Ahmed Raghad Hameed , Abdulrazzaq Ali Abdulwahhab 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Allergy of voltage supply converters to DC, faults are recognized as the essential obstacle in the direction of significant implementation of meshed DC networks. Because of low flood current capability of Insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), the converters are blocked under excessive currents to prevent permanent damage to the modules converter blocking off all at once interrupts the power float and reasons a significant strength imbalance in together the AC and DC grid. This paper aims to develop dependability and safety of DC networks per the support of stopping harm of terminals below DC faults. The fault response of a modular-multilevel converter is studied analytically and via simulations. It recognized that the Modular-multilevel converter (MMC) goes through quite a few tiers beneath a DC fault, and every stage has distinct dynamics. The effect of the converter showing too occupied into reason.
DC grid topology has a fundamental force on safety structure diagram and performance if a pair of converters linked to the same bus, fault contemporary is shared between the converters and fault modern-day slope of each person converter is reduced. Converter blocking off can, as a result, disallowed and protection device necessities container be relaxed. Temporary MMC blocking off studied like every other approach for keeping off the loss of terminals underneath DC faults. The gain of this strategy is low safety gadget value and decreased affect regular grid operation. A thermal valve model developed to investigate peak thermal stress on antiparallel diodes. Coordination between MMC self-protection and fault detection relays proposed, as nicely as the use of converter DC circuit breaker (DCCB) for backup protection.