bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-species recognition of SARS-CoV-2 to bat ACE2
Authors: Liu Kefang , Tan Shuguang , Niu Sheng , Wang Jia , Wu Lili , Sun Huan , Zhang Yanfang , Pan Xiaoqian , Qu Xiao , Du Pei , Meng Yumin , Jia Yunfei , Chen Qian , Deng Chuxia , Yan Jinghua , Wang Hong-Wei , Wang Qihui , Qi Jianxun , Gao George Fu 
Published: December 2020

Significance
It is widely believed that SARS-CoV-2 may infect bats, but direct evidence is still lacking and the molecular basis is less understood. Here, we report that SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) binds to bACE2-Rm with lower affinity than that to human ACE2 receptor (hACE2). Pseudotyped and wild SARS-CoV-2 could infect host cells expressing bACE2-Rm. The complex structure of SARS-CoV-2 RBD and bACE2-Rm revealed a conserved binding mode similar to that of hACE2. Mutational analysis revealed that the Y41 and E42 of bACE2-Rm, which contains variations in many bats, play central roles in the interaction with SARS-CoV-2 RBD. These findings provide the molecular basis for a better understanding of potential infection of SARS-CoV-2 in bats.
A combined experimental and theoretical study of photodouble ionization of water at 32 eV excess energy and unequal energy sharing
Authors: Bolognesi P , Randazzo J M , Turri G , Mathis J , Penson C , Ancarani L U , Avaldi L 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The photodouble ionization of water at about 32 eV excess energy has been investigated both experimentally and theoretically. In an energy and angular resolved photoelectron–photoelectron coincidence experiment, the two photoelectrons in unequal energy sharing (25 and 7 eV) condition, have been detected in a plane perpendicular to the propagation direction of the linearly polarized radiation. The measured angular distributions have been compared with, molecular orientation averaged, triple differential cross sections calculated with a recently developed theoretical model (Randazzo et al 2020 Phys. Rev. A
101 033407). The model uses separable products of orbitals as initial electronic state of the water molecule taken as a two-electron target and describes accurately the correlated two electron continuum. The combination of calculated cross sections corresponding to different dication states capture most of the measured features in terms of the evolution of both the shape and the intensity as a function of the faster electron direction which is set at 0°, 30° and 60° with respect to the polarization vector

ε

⃗

of the incident radiation. A detailed analysis in terms of the different dication states as well as of the partial wave contributions to the electron pair wave function sheds light on the origin of such features.
In situ investigation of the bismuth vanadate/potassium phosphate interface reveals morphological and composition dependent light-induced surface reactions
Authors: Favaro Marco , Ahmet Ibbi Y , Clark Pip C J , Abdi Fatwa F , Sear Micheal J , van de Krol Roel , Starr David E 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) is an established n-type oxide semiconductor for photoelectrochemical oxygen evolution. Direct charge carrier recombination at the solid/liquid interface is a major cause of efficiency loss in BiVO4-based devices. Intrinsic and extrinsic surface states (SSs) can act as electron and hole traps that enhance the recombination rate and lower the faradaic efficiency. In this study, we investigate the BiVO4/aqueous KPi interface using two types of samples. The samples were prepared at two different deposition and annealing temperatures (450 °C and 500 °C) leading to different morphologies and stoichiometries for the two samples. Both samples exhibit SSs in the dark that are passivated under illumination. In situ ambient pressure hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments performed under front illumination conditions reveal the formation of a bismuth phosphate (BiPO4) surface layer for the sample annealed at 450 °C, whereas the sample annealed at 500 °C exhibits band flattening without the formation of BiPO4. These results imply that the light-induced formation of BiPO4 may not be responsible for SS passivation. Our study also suggests that slight differences in the synthesis parameters lead to significant changes in the surface stoichiometry and morphology, with drastic effects on the physical-chemical properties of the BiVO4/electrolyte interface. These differences may have important consequences for device characteristics such as long-term stability.
Geometric dimension assisted absolute phase recovery in 3D shape measurement with digital fringe projection
Authors: Lv Shenzhen , Zhang Yuyuan , Jing Lei , Wang Jian , Liu Ying , Sun Qiang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A novel method of geometric dimension assisted absolute phase recovery in 3D shape measurement is presented. This method mainly includes two steps: (a) using the window Fourier filter-quality guided phase unwrapping algorithm to obtain the relative phase distribution of the tested object; (b) using the geometric dimension of the object as a clue to convert the relative phase distribution to the absolute phase distribution. This method is convenient, and only three fringe image acquisitions are needed to recover the absolute phase. In addition, there is no limit to the depth range of the tested object. The correctness of this method is verified by several experiments.
Deep learning-enabled prediction of 2D material breakdown
Authors: Huan Yan Qi , Liu Yincheng , Goh Kuan Eng Johnson , Wong Swee Liang , Lau Chit Siong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Characterizing electrical breakdown limits of materials is a crucial step in device development. However, methods for repeatable measurements are scarce in two-dimensional materials, where breakdown studies have been limited to destructive methods. This restricts our ability to fully account for variability in local electronic properties induced by surface contaminants and the fabrication process. To tackle this, we implement a two-step deep-learning model to predict the breakdown mechanism and breakdown voltage of monolayer MoS2 devices with varying channel lengths and resistances using current measured in the low-voltage regime as inputs. A deep neural network (DNN) first classifies between Joule and avalanche breakdown mechanisms using partial current traces from 0 to 20 V. Following this, a convolutional long short-term memory network (CLSTM) predicts breakdown voltages of these classified devices based on partial current traces. We test our model with electrical measurements collected using feedback-control of the applied voltage to prevent device destruction, and show that the DNN classifier achieves an accuracy of 79% while the CLSTM model has a 12% error when requiring only 80% of the current trace as inputs. Our results indicate that information encoded in the current behavior far from the breakdown point can be used for breakdown predictions, which will enable non-destructive and rapid material characterization for 2D material device development.
Proof-of-concept delivery of intensity modulated arc therapy on the Elekta Unity 1.5 T MR-linac
Authors: Kontaxis C , Woodhead P L , Bol G H , Lagendijk J J W , Raaymakers B W 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this work we present the first delivery of intensity modulated arc therapy on the Elekta Unity 1.5 T MR-linac. The machine’s current intensity modulated radiation therapy based control system was modified suitably to enable dynamic delivery of radiation, for the purpose of exploring MRI-guided radiation therapy adaptation modes in a research setting. The proof-of-concept feasibility was demonstrated by planning and delivering two types of plans, each investigating the performance of different parts of a dynamic treatment. A series of fixed-speed arc plans was used to show the high-speed capabilities of the gantry during radiation, while several fully modulated prostate plans—optimised following the volumetric modulated arc therapy approach—were delivered in order to establish the performance of its multi-leaf collimator and diaphragms. These plans were delivered to Delta4 Phantom+ MR and film phantoms passing the clinical quality assurance criteria used in our clinic. In addition, we also performed some initial MR imaging experiments during dynamic therapy, demonstrating that the impact of radiation and moving gantry/collimator components on the image quality is negligible. These results show that arc therapy is feasible on the Elekta Unity system. The machine’s high performance components enable dynamic delivery during fast gantry rotation and can be controlled in a stable fashion to deliver fully modulated plans.
In silico dosimetry of low-dose rate brachytherapy using radioactive nanoparticles
Authors: Seniwal Baljeet , Freitas Lucas F , Mendes Bruno M , Lugão Ademar B , Katti Kattesh V , Fonseca Telma C F 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Purpose. Nanoparticles (NPs) with radioactive atoms incorporated within the structure of the NP or bound to its surface, functionalized with biomolecules are reported as an alternative to low-dose-rate seed-based brachytherapy. In this study, authors report a mathematical dosimetric study on low-dose rate brachytherapy using radioactive NPs. Method. Single-cell dosimetry was performed by calculating cellular S-values for spherical cell model using Au-198, Pd-103 and Sm-153 NPs. The cell survival and tumor volume versus time curves were calculated and compared to the experimental studies on radiotherapeutic efficiency of radioactive NPs published in the literature. Finally, the radiotherapeutic efficiency of Au-198, Pd-103 and Sm-153 NPs was tested for variable: administered radioactivity, tumor volume and tumor cell type. Result. At the cellular level Sm-153 presented the highest S-value, followed by Pd-103 and Au-198. The calculated cell survival and tumor volume curves match very well with the published experimental results. It was found that Au-198 and Sm-153 can effectively treat highly aggressive, large tumor volumes with low radioactivity. Conclusion. The accurate knowledge of uptake rate, washout rate of NPs, radio-sensitivity and tumor repopulation rate is important for the calculation of cell survival curves. Self-absorption of emitted radiation and dose enhancement due to AuNPs must be considered in the calculations. Selection of radionuclide for radioactive NP must consider size of tumor, repopulation rate and radiosensitivity of tumor cells. Au-198 NPs functionalized with Mangiferin are a suitable choice for treating large, radioresistant and rapidly growing tumors.
Monitoring electron energies during FLASH irradiations
Authors: Berne Alexander , Petersson Kristoffer , Tullis Iain D C , Newman Robert G , Vojnovic Borivoj 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
When relativistic electrons are used to irradiate tissues, such as during FLASH pre-clinical irradiations, the electron beam energy is one of the critical parameters that determine the dose distribution. Moreover, during such irradiations, linear accelerators (linacs) usually operate with significant beam loading, where a small change in the accelerator output current can lead to beam energy reduction. Optimisation of the tuning of the accelerator’s radio frequency system is often required. We describe here a robust, easy-to-use device for non-interceptive monitoring of potential variations in the electron beam energy during every linac macro-pulse of an irradiation run. Our approach monitors the accelerated electron fringe beam using two unbiased aluminium annular charge collection plates, positioned in the beam path and with apertures (5 cm in diameter) for the central beam. These plates are complemented by two thin annular screening plates to eliminate crosstalk and equalise the capacitances of the charge collection plates. The ratio of the charge picked up on the downstream collection plate to the sum of charges picked up on the both plates is sensitive to the beam energy and to changes in the energy spectrum shape. The energy sensitivity range is optimised to the investigated beam by the choice of thickness of the first plate. We present simulation and measurement data using electrons generated by a nominal 6 MeV energy linac as well as information on the design, the practical implementation and the use of this monitor.
The evolution of the bound particle reservoir in Wendelstein 7-X and its influence on plasma control
Authors: Schlisio G. , Wenzel U. , Naujoks D. , Pedersen T.S. , Grote H. , Winters V.R. , Niemann H. , Mulsow M. , Krychowiak M. , Drewelow P. , Gao Y. , Jakubowski M. , Puig Sitjes A. , Laqua H. , Knauer J. , Brunner K.J. , the W7-X team  
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The investigation of fuel retention in fusion experiments is important in view of plasma density control as well as tritium inventory for future fusion reactors. We present a first gas balance of the stellarator Wendelstein 7-X with its inertially cooled graphite divertor. The gas balance is used to estimate the wall inventory and it is found that the wall plays an important and dynamic role, absorbing or releasing particles depending on the plasma conditions. Several different scenarios are presented and the effect of fueling and heating on the wall inventory is assessed. We find that the record duration plasma experiment of 100 s required previous shorter plasmas to be successfully conducted.
A measurement of parity-violating asymmetry in polarized cold neutron capture on 3He
Authors: McCrea M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The n3He experiment measured the parity-violating directional asymmetry in the proton emission direction relative to the initial neutron polarization in the capture of polarized cold neutrons in the reaction n + 3He → T + p. Data taking was completed at the end of 2015 at the SNS, and two independent analyses of the proton parity asymmetry have since been completed and are in agreement. I will present the methods used to calculate the asymmetry, and the final results of the experiment.
Perspectives of lowering CUORE thresholds with Optimum Trigger
Authors: Dompè V , Adams D Q , Alduino C , Alfonso K , Avignone F T , Azzolini O , Bari G , Bellini F , Benato G , Bersani A , Biassoni M , Branca A , Brofferio C , Bucci C , Caminata A , Campani A , Canonica L , Cao X G , Capelli S , Cappelli L , Cardani L , Carniti P , Casali N , Chiesa D , Chott N , Clemenza M , Copello S , Cosmelli C , Cremonesi O , Creswick R J , Cushman J S , D’Addabbo A , D’Aguanno D , Dafinei I , Davis C J , Dell’Oro S , Domizio S Di , Drobizhev A , Fang D Q , Fantini G , Faverzani M , Ferri E , Ferroni F , Fiorini E , Franceschi M A , Freedman S J , Fujikawa B K , Giachero A , Gironi L , Giuliani A , Gorla P , Gotti C , Gutierrez T D , Han K , Heeger K M , Huang R G , Huang H Z , Johnston J , Keppel G , Kolomensky Yu G , Leder A , Ligi C , Ma Y G , Marini L , Martinez M , Maruyama R H , Mei Y , Moggi N , Morganti S , Napolitano T , Nastasi M , Nones C , Norman E B , Novati V , Nucciotti A , Nutini I , O’Donnell T , Ouellet J L , Pagliarone C E , Pallavicini M , Pattavina L , Pavan M , Pessina G , Pettinacci V , Pira C , Pirro S , Pozzi S , Previtali E , Puiu A , Rosenfeld C , Rusconi C , Sakai M , Sangiorgio S , Schmidt B , Scielzo N D , Singh V , Sisti M , Speller D , Taffarello L , Terranova F , Tomei C , Vignati M , Wagaarachchi S L , Wang B S , Welliver B , Wilson J , Wilson K , Winslow L A , Wise T , Zanotti L , Zimmermann S , Zucchelli S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
CUORE is a cryogenic experiment that focuses on the search of neutrinoless double beta decay in 130Te and it is located at the Gran Sasso National Laboratories. Its detector consists of 988 TeO2 crystals operating at a base temperature of ∼10 mK. It is the first ton-scale bolometric experiment ever realized for this purpose. Thanks to its large target mass and ultra-low background, the CUORE detector is also suitable for the search of other rare phenomena. In particular the low energy part of the spectra is interesting for the detection of WIMP-nuclei scattering reactions. One of the most important requirements to perform these studies is represented by the achievement of a stable energy threshold lower than 10 keV. Here, the CUORE capability to accomplish this purpose using a low energy software trigger will be presented and described.
Perspectives for low energy reactions measurements at the new LEMA beam-line
Authors: Acosta L , Chávez E , Barrón-Palos L , Andrade E , Marín-Lámbarri DJ , Miranda J , Ortiz ME , Favela F , Huerta A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Towards the end of 2017, a new beam line was commissioned at the Laboratorio Nacional de Espectrometría de Masas con Aceleradores (LEMA) at Instituto de Física of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (IFUNAM). Initially, LEMA was a 1 MV tandetron accelerator just dedicated to Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS); nowadays, the new line adopted the main characteristics of the AMS system in a natural way: i.e., it has a high precision measurement of the beam energy and a very high and stable current (tens of μ A) depending of charge state of each isotope. The precise low energy limit around 400 keV opens a window to study reactions in the region of interest for Astrophysics. At the same time, the LEMA beam-line allows to develop experiments combining nuclear reactions with AMS, as well the developing of all of kind of Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) studies. In this work the main characteristics of the line, the ancillary systems and the perspectives for low energy measurements for nuclear studies and applications are described.
Muon-induced neutral particle background for a shallow depth Iron Calorimeter detector
Authors: Panchal Neha , Majumder G. , Datar V.M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The 51 kton Iron Calorimeter (ICAL) detector for measuring atmospheric muon neutrinos and muon anti-neutrinos separately will enable addressing the neutrino mass hierarchy problem. This will be the flagship experiment at the India based Neutrino Observatory (INO) and will be located in a cavern in a mountain with a rock cover of 1 km in all directions. This will help reduce the cosmic muon background by a factor of 106 with respect to that at sea level. In this work, the possibility of a 100 m shallow depth ICAL (SICAL) is explored. To achieve a similar cosmic muon background reduction as at 1 km depth a cosmic muon veto detector (CMVD) which can reject muons with an efficiency of 99.99% is required. However an important background could be neutral long lived particles such as neutrons and K0
L produced in interactions of muons with rock closest to ICAL. The charged particles produced in muon-nuclear interactions can be vetoed but the neutral particle can pass through CMVD undetected and subsequently mimic a neutrino like event in ICAL In this contribution the results of a GEANT4 based simulation to estimate this background in SICAL are presented.
The SPES facility at Legnaro National Laboratories
Authors: Marchi T , Prete G , Gramegna F , Andrighetto A , Antonini P , Ballan M , Bellato M , Bellan L , Benini D , Bisoffi G , Bermudez J , Benzoni G , Bortolato D , Borgna F , Calore A , Canella S , Carturan S , Ciatara N , Cinausero M , Cocconi P , Cogo A , Conventi D , Conte V , Comunian M , Costa L , Corradetti S , Angelis G De , Martinis C De , Ruvo P De , Esposito J , Fagotti E , Fabris D , Favaron P , Fioretto E , Galatá A , Gelain F , Giacchini M , Giora D , Gottardo A , Gulmini M , Lollo M , Lombardi A , Manzolaro M , Maggiore M , Maniero D , Mastinu P F , Monetti A , Pasquato F , Pegoraro R , Pisent A , Poggi M , Pavinato S , Pranovi L , Pedretti D , Roncolato C , Rossignoli M , Sarchiapone L , Scarpa D , Valiente Dobón J J , Volpe V , Vescovo A , Zafiropoulos D 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Worldwide efforts to tackle the nature of exotic nuclei comprise the construction of new-generation Radioactive Ion Beam facilities. The Italian community is deeply involved in the process and the construction of SPES at Legnaro National Laboratories (INFN) is progressing. This contribution describes the layout of SPES in all its flavours, from Nuclear Physics to Applications in Nuclear Medicine and Neutron Physics. In particular, the status of the SPES-β ISOL facility, together with some of the relevant physics cases and the associated equipment are described.
Nuclear astrophysics in underground laboratories
Authors: Cavanna Francesca , Colombetti Paolo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Nuclear processes are responsible for energy generation that makes stars shine, for the synthesis of the elements in stars and also play a decisive role in explaining the chemical composition of the interstellar medium. The experimental determination of the reaction cross section at the astrophysical relevant energies is extremely difficult due to the Coulomb repulsion between the interacting nuclei which turns out in cross section values down to the fbar level. As a result, these cross sections are often too small to be measured in laboratories on the Earth’s surface, where the signal would be overwhelmed by the cosmic-ray induced background. An effective way to suppress the comic-ray induced background is to perform experiments in underground laboratories. LUNA is an experimental approach for the study of nuclear fusion reactions based on an underground accelerator laboratory. Aim of the experiment is the direct measurement of the cross section of nuclear reactions relevant for stellar and primordial nucleosynthesis. In the following the latest results and the future goals will be presented.
Nuclear structure of proton drip-line nuclei as an input to nuclear astrophysics
Authors: Ferreira L.S. , Maglione E. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The observation, and the theoretical interpretation of the decay of proton rich nuclei at the proton drip line, are a probe to the nuclear structure at the extremes of stability, with strong implications to nuclear astrophysics models. Nuclear levels, and proton separation energies, can be assigned in these studies, establishing information that could not be obtained otherwise due to very short lifetimes of these nuclei.
Realistic shell-model calculations for astrophysically relevant Gamow-Teller distributions
Authors: Itaco N , Coraggio L , Mancino R 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Electron-capture reaction rates on medium-heavy nuclei are a key ingredient to describe the evolution of core-collapse and thermonuclear supernovae. To estimate these rates it is necessary to know the Gamow-Teller strength distributions involved. In this paper we report some preliminary results of the calculations of Gamow-Teller strength distributions for pf-shell nuclei performed in the framework of the realistic shell model.
Role of antikaon condensation on the universality relations of hot and rapidly rotating neutron stars
Authors: Lenka Smruti Smita , Banik Sarmistha , Char Prasanta 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We study cold as well as hot neutron star (NS) at finite entropy using density dependent relativistic mean field model in the presence of nucleons and antikaon condensates. The parameters like gravitational mass(M), radius(R), moment of inertia(I) and quadrupole moment(Q) are calculated as a function of rotation frequency for a NS with fixed baryonic mass. Next, we investigate the relation of normalized I with compactness (M/R). Finally, we extend our study to calculate the tidal deformability parameter and tidal love number and show their variation with compactness.
Magnetic structure and radiative captures of few-nucleon systems: status and prospects
Authors: Marcucci Laura Elisa , Schiavilla Rocco , Gnech Alex , Viviani Michele 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We review the main ingredients for an ab-initio study of few-nucleon reactions of astrophysical interest within the chiral effective field theory approach, with particular attention to radiative captures relevant for Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and stellar evolution. We conclude with an outlook for ongoing and future work.