bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technical Note: An anthropomorphic phantom with implanted neurostimulator for investigation of MRI safety
Authors: Yang Benson , Tam Fred , Davidson Benjamin , Wei Pei‐Shan , Hamani Clement , Lipsman Nir , Chen Chih‐Hung , Graham Simon J. 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe objective of this work was to design and construct an improved anthropomorphic phantom for use in studying magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiofrequency (RF) safety at 3 T related to deep brain stimulation (DBS), and especially the role of DBS lead trajectories.MethodBased on a computer‐aided design including reasonable representation of human features, the phantom was fabricated by three‐dimensional (3D) printing and then fully assembled with a human skull, a commercial DBS device implanted using the surgical standard at our institution, and fiber‐optic temperature sensors embedded in two tissue mimicking solutions (e.g., the heterogeneous setup). Preliminary MRI safety experiments were conducted using turbo spin‐echo (TSE) imaging with the device powered on and powered off. These results were then compared to analogous results for a homogeneous phantom setup that filled the structure with a standard body average solution.ResultBoth phantom setups produced temperature increases of ~1.0°C, with a maximum increase of 1.1 ± 0.2°C recorded during imaging of the heterogeneous phantom setup. The preliminary experimental results suggest that improved phantom structures capable of replicating actual DBS lead trajectories may be advisable when conducting DBS‐related MRI safety studies.ConclusionAn anthropomorphic phantom was constructed with promising initial results indicating different DBS lead trajectories and phantom setups may impact temperature elevations along an implanted DBS lead. Although additional work will be necessary to validate its efficacy over conventional phantoms, the anthropomorphic phantom can likely be used in the future to assess different procedures for DBS lead placement, the RF power deposition of MRI protocols applicable to DBS patients, and to validate novel methods to reduce localized heating effects associated with DBS devices, such as parallel RF transmission.
Development of a Double-Breakaway Pass-Through PIT Tag Antenna System for Flood-Prone Rivers
Authors: Finlay Ross , Poole Russell , Reed Thomas E. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Pass-through PIT antennae are often used in river and stream habitats to monitor the movement of aquatic species. Where these habitats are prone to high flows that contain suspended debris, traditional pass-through antennae designs are particularly vulnerable to damage, which can be time consuming and expensive to repair and lead to extended gaps in data collection. We designed and tested a novel pass-through half duplex (HDX) antenna system that allows the antenna loop to (1) break away from one river bank under predetermined strain and (2) split into two separate cables, thereby shedding entangled debris that could otherwise damage or dislodge the antenna system. After break away events, our system can be rapidly reconnected and redeployed without the need for personnel to enter the water, reducing maintenance time and costs while minimizing gaps in data. In locations where pass-through antennae are prone to flood damage, this system offers distinct advantages over traditional designs.
Effects of COVID‐19 Lockdown on Lifestyle Behaviors in Children with Obesity Living in Verona, Italy: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Pietrobelli Angelo , Pecoraro Luca , Ferruzzi Alessandro , Heo Moonseong , Faith Myles , Zoller Thomas , Antoniazzi Franco , Piacentini Giorgio , Fearnbach S. Nicole , Heymsfield Steven B. 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that youths with obesity, when removed from structured school activities and confined to their homes during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, will display unfavorable trends in lifestyle behaviors.MethodsThe sample included 41 children and adolescents with obesity participating in a longitudinal observational study located in Verona, Italy. Lifestyle information including diet, activity, and sleep behaviors was collected at baseline and 3 weeks into the national lockdown during which home confinement was mandatory. Changes in outcomes over the two study time points were evaluated for significance using paired t tests.ResultsThere were no changes in reported vegetable intake; fruit intake increased (P = 0.055) during the lockdown. By contrast, potato chip, red meat, and sugary drink intakes increased significantly during the lockdown (P value range, 0.005 to < 0.001). Time spent in sports activities decreased by 2.30 (SD 4.60) h/wk (P = 0.003), and sleep time increased by 0.65 (SD 1.29) h/d (P = 0.003). Screen time increased by 4.85 (SD 2.40) h/d (P < 0.001).ConclusionsRecognizing these adverse collateral effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic lockdown is critical in avoiding depreciation of weight control efforts among youths afflicted with excess adiposity. Depending on duration, these untoward lockdown effects may have a lasting impact on a child’s or adolescent’s adult adiposity level.
Criminal Deterrence: Evidence from an Individual‐Level Analysis of 24/7 Sobriety
Authors: Kilmer Beau , Midgette Greg 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDecisionmakers continue to search for new ways to deter criminal behavior that do not rely on increasing the severity of punishment. This paper evaluates South Dakota's 24/7 Sobriety Program—a novel, large‐scale intervention requiring those arrested for or convicted of an alcohol‐related offense to abstain from alcohol and submit to alcohol tests multiple times daily. Those testing positive or missing a test receive a swift,certain, and moderate sanction; typically, a night or two in jail. To estimate the causal effect of the 24/7 program on the probability of rearrest or probation revocation for those arrested for a second or third driving under the influence (DUI) offense, we instrument an individual's 24/7 participation with program availability in the county of arrest. We estimate that the individual‐level probability of rearrest or probation revocation is 13.7 percentage points (49 percent; p = 0.002) lower for 24/7 participants than non‐participants 12 months after their DUI arrest. We detect substantive decreases at 24 and 36 months, but the precision of those estimates depends on model specification. These findings provide empricial support for applying “swift‐certain‐fair” sanctions to deter noncompliance in community supervision settings. This paper also provides policymakers with evidence for a new approach to reduce criminal activity among those whose alcohol use leads them to repeatedly threaten public health and safety.
Evaluation of a novel telemedicine‐based intervention to manage body image disturbance in head and neck cancer survivors
Authors: Graboyes Evan M. , Maurer Stacey , Park Yeonhee , Marsh Courtney H. , McElligott James T. , Day Terry A. , Hornig Joshua D. , Sterba Katherine R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary clinical impact of BRIGHT (Building a Renewed ImaGe after Head & neck cancer Treatment), a novel telemedicine‐based cognitive‐behavioral intervention to manage body image disturbance (BID) in head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors.MethodsHead and neck cancer survivors with BID were enrolled into a single‐arm pilot trial. Participants completed study measures at baseline, 1‐ and 3‐months post‐BRIGHT to assess its acceptability and clinical impact. Participants completed semi‐structured interviews to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of BRIGHT and refine the intervention.ResultsTen HNC survivors with BID were enrolled into the trial of tablet‐based BRIGHT. BRIGHT was feasible, as judged by low dropout (n = 1), high session completion rates (100%; 45/45) and low rates of technical issues with the tablet‐based delivery (11% minor; 0% major). Ninety percent of participants were highly likely to recommend BRIGHT, reflecting its acceptability. BRIGHT was associated with a 34.5% reduction in mean Body Image Scale scores at 1‐month post‐BRIGHT (mean difference from baseline = 4.56; 95% CI 1.55, 7.56), an effect that was durable at 3‐months post‐BRIGHT (mean decrease from baseline = 3.56; 95% CI 1.15‐5.96). Program evaluation revealed high levels of satisfaction with BRIGHT, particularly the delivery platform. During the qualitative evaluation, participants highlighted that BRIGHT improved image‐related coping behavior.ConclusionsBRIGHT is feasible, acceptable to HNC survivors, and has significant potential as a novel approach to manage BID in HNC survivors. Additional research is necessary to refine BRIGHT and evaluate its clinical efficacy and scalability.
Predicting asthma exacerbation by impulse oscillometry evaluation of small airway function and fractional exhaled nitric oxide in preschool children
Authors: Zheng Shouyan , Hu Ying , Chen Zhiqiang , Wang Mei , Liao Wei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo study impulse oscillometry (IOS) indices of peripheral airway function and FeNO as predictors of future loss of asthma control in preschool children.MethodsPatients aged 3 to 6 years who were actively being treated for asthma and children without asthma were enrolled in the study. Participants had no change in medication on visit 1 and returned for a follow‐up visit within 8 to 12 weeks. At the first visit, nursing assessment, symptom history, IOS analysis, FeNO, and physician evaluation were repeated.ResultsFifty‐one (64.6%) subjects had lost asthma control (UC‐Group) and 28 (35.4%) subjects had maintained asthma control (C‐Group) at their follow‐up visit. Thirty‐two children without asthma were enrolled in the study as a normal control group (N‐Group). R5, R5‐20, AX, and Z5 values were all significantly higher in subjects whose symptoms remained uncontrolled compared with those in the controlled asthma group (P < .01) and also significantly higher than those in the normal control group (P < .01). FeNO showed no significant difference between the UC‐Group and C‐Group (P = .399). Four indices—R5, R5‐20, AX, and Z5—had an estimated area under the curve (AUC) of greater than 0.8 and were thus easily able to distinguish the UC‐Group from the C‐Group.ConclusionsAX had the highest overall AUC (0.884) of the investigated parameters, and the optimal cut‐off point of 37.435 cm H2O/L was able to predict future loss of asthma control in preschool children.
Framework for the comparison of a priori and a posteriori error variance estimation and tuning schemes
Authors: Sitwell Michael , Ménard Richard 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe performance of an assimilation system is strongly dependent on the quality of the error statistics used. A number of error statistics estimation and tuning methods have previously been developed to better assess and determine these statistics. Many of these are a posteriori methods which make use of quantities calculated during the assimilation procedure, while other a priori methods do not require information from the assimilation. In this study, we develop a conceptual framework that relates these methods when applied to error variance determination, where each method is associated with the minimization of a particular cost function. The minimization of these cost functions describes a fitting procedure that fits parts of the prescribed modelled innovation covariance to its observed values. Each method must in some way separate the innovation covariance into its contributions from the background and the observations, which are then used in the fitting procedure. It is shown that the examined a posteriori methods use the analysis filter to make this separation and that the minimization of their associated cost functions is done implicitly within the tuning procedure. Analytical expressions for the expectation value and variance of estimates for error variance scaling parameters are determined for each method. The expressions for the expectation values of these estimates show that the accuracy of each method is dependent on its ability to separate the background from the observation contributions to the innovation covariance. This separability is quantified by use of the Frobenius inner product between the background‐ and observation‐error covariances, which additionally allows for geometric interpretations of the covariances to be made. Comparisons between variance parameter estimates from different methods are made for the case of a 1D periodic domain.
Mechanistic Similarities between 3D Human Bronchial Epithelium and Mice Lung, Exposed to Copper Oxide Nanoparticles, Support Non‐Animal Methods for Hazard Assessment
Authors: Ndika Joseph , Ilves Marit , Kooter Ingeborg M. , Gröllers‐Mulderij Mariska , Duistermaat Evert , Tromp Peter C. , Kuper Frieke , Kinaret Pia , Greco Dario , Karisola Piia , Alenius Harri 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe diversity and increasing prevalence of products derived from engineered nanomaterials (ENM), warrants implementation of non‐animal approaches to health hazard assessment for ethical and practical reasons. Although non‐animal approaches are becoming increasingly popular, there are almost no studies of side‐by‐side comparisons with traditional in vivo assays. Here, transcriptomics is used to investigate mechanistic similarities between healthy/asthmatic models of 3D air–liquid interface (ALI) cultures of donor‐derived human bronchial epithelia cells, and mouse lung tissue, following exposure to copper oxide ENM. Only 19% of mouse lung genes with human orthologues are not expressed in the human 3D ALI model. Despite differences in taxonomy and cellular complexity between the systems, a core subset of matching genes cluster mouse and human samples strictly based on ENM dose (exposure severity). Overlapping gene orthologue pairs are highly enriched for innate immune functions, suggesting an important and maybe underestimated role of epithelial cells. In conclusion, 3D ALI models based on epithelial cells, are primed to bridge the gap between traditional 2D in vitro assays and animal models of airway exposure, and transcriptomics appears to be a unifying dose metric that links in vivo and in vitro test systems.
Linguliform brachiopods from the Cambrian (Guzhangian) Karpinsk Formation of Novaya Zemlya
Authors: Holmer Lars E. , Popov Leonid E. , Ghobadi Pour Mansoureh , Klishevich Inna A. , Liang Yue , Zhang Zhifei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA moderately diverse assemblage of micromorphic linguliform brachiopods, includingTapuritreta gribovensissp. nov.,Wahwahlingula?pankovensissp. nov.,Acrothelesp.,Anabolotreta? sp.,Orbithele? sp. andStilpnotretasp., is for the first time described from the Cambrian Karpinsk Formation (Miaolingian, Guzhangian) of the South Island of Novaya Zemlya. The morphology of the metamorphic shell inAcrotheleandWahwahlingula? suggest that both taxa had a single pair of larval setal sacs, similar to the recent discinids, but their metamorphosis was completed only at the end of the pelagic stage and shows that they did have direct development, which is characteristic of all recent lingulides. The biogeographical signature of the new Cambrian brachiopod fauna from Novaya Zemlya is discussed, and the new fauna gives new information on the poorly known Cambrian margins of the Baltica palaeocontinent.
Band Edge Localization Beyond Regular Floquet Eigenvalues
Authors: Seelmann Albrecht , Täufer Matthias 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe prove that localization near band edges of multi-dimensional ergodic random Schrödinger operators with periodic background potential in$$L^2({\mathbb {R}}^d)$$L2(Rd)is universal. By this, we mean that localization in its strongest dynamical form holds without extra assumptions on the random variables and independently of regularity or degeneracy of the Floquet eigenvalues of the background operator. The main novelty is an initial scale estimate the proof of which avoids Floquet theory altogether and uses instead an interplay between quantitative unique continuation and large deviation estimates. Furthermore, our reasoning is sufficiently flexible to prove this initial scale estimate in a non-ergodic setting, which promises to be an ingredient for understanding band edge localization also in these situations.
Poor prognostic factors in predicting abatacept response in a phase III randomized controlled trial in psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Mease Philip J. , McInnes Iain B. , Strand Vibeke , FitzGerald Oliver , Ahmad Harris A. , Elbez Yedid , Banerjee Subhashis 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn ASTRAEA (NCT01860976), abatacept significantly increased American College of Rheumatology criteria 20% (ACR20) responses at Week 24 versus placebo in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). This post hoc analysis explored relationships between prospectively identified baseline characteristics [poor prognostic factors (PPFs) ] and response to abatacept. Patients were randomized (1:1) to receive subcutaneous abatacept 125 mg weekly or placebo for 24 weeks; those without ≥ 20% improvement in joint counts at Week 16 switched to open-label abatacept. Potential predictors of ACR20 response were identified by treatment arm using multivariate analyses. Likelihood of ACR20 response to abatacept versus placebo was compared in univariate and multivariate analyses in subgroups stratified by the PPF, as defined by EULAR and/or GRAPPA treatment guidelines. Odds ratios (ORs) were generated using logistic regression to identify meaningful differences (OR cut-off: 1.2). 424 patients were randomized and treated (abataceptn = 213; placebon = 211). In abatacept-treated patients, elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), high Disease Activity Score based on 28 joints (CRP), presence of dactylitis, and ≥ 3 joint erosions were identified as predictors of response (OR > 1.2). In placebo-treated patients, only dactylitis was a potential predictor of response. In the univariate analysis stratified by PPF, ACR20 response was more likely (OR > 1.2) with abatacept versus placebo in patients with baseline PPFs than in those without; multivariate analysis confirmed this finding. Response to abatacept versus placebo is more likely in patients with features indicative of high disease activity and progressive disease; these characteristics are recognized as PPFs in treatment guidelines for PsA.
Nutrition and its role in epigenetic inheritance of obesity and diabetes across generations
Authors: Kaspar Daniela , Hastreiter Sieglinde , Irmler Martin , Hrabé de Angelis Martin , Beckers Johannes 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNutritional constraints including not only caloric restriction or protein deficiency, but also energy-dense diets affect metabolic health and frequently lead to obesity and insulin resistance, as well as glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes. The effects of these environmental factors are often mediated via epigenetic modifiers that target the expression of metabolic genes. More recently, it was discovered that such parentally acquired metabolic changes can alter the metabolic health of the filial and grand-filial generations. In mammals, this epigenetic inheritance can either follow an intergenerational or transgenerational mode of inheritance. In the case of intergenerational inheritance, epimutations established in gametes persist through the first round of epigenetic reprogramming occurring during preimplantation development. For transgenerational inheritance, epimutations persist additionally throughout the reprogramming that occurs during germ cell development later in embryogenesis. Differentially expressed transcripts, genomic cytosine methylations, and several chemical modifications of histones are prime candidates for tangible marks which may serve as epimutations in inter- and transgenerational inheritance and which are currently being investigated experimentally. We review, here, the current literature in support of epigenetic inheritance of metabolic traits caused by nutritional constraints and potential mechanisms in man and in rodent model systems.
Bleaching susceptibility of aquarium corals collected across northern Australia
Authors: Pratchett Morgan S. , Caballes Ciemon F. , Newman Stephen J. , Wilson Shaun K. , Messmer Vanessa , Pratchett Deborah J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThere are a wide range of Scleractinian corals that are collected for the global reef aquarium market, often from non-reefal environments. The sustainability of coral harvesting is potentially threatened by increasing anthropogenic disturbances and climate change, though it is unknown to what extent many commonly harvested corals are susceptible to environmental change, or actually bleach during marine heatwaves. In this study, we experimentally tested the temperature sensitivity and bleaching susceptibility of six coral species (Homophyllia australis,Micromussa lordhowensis,Catalaphyllia jardinei,Trachyphyllia geoffroyi,Duncanopsammia axifuga, andEuphyllia glabrescens), which are important components of the aquarium coral fisheries across northern Australia, in Western Australia, the Northern Territory, and/or Queensland. Interspecific differences were evident in the temperature sensitivity and bleaching susceptibility among the study species.Homophyllia australis, andM. lordhowensis were found to be particularly susceptible to elevated temperatures, whereby all corals subjected to elevated temperatures died within the course of the experimental treatment (75 d).Catalaphyllia jardineiandE. glabrescensalso exhibited significant increases in mortality when exposed to elevated temperatures, though some of the corals did survive, andC. jardineimostly died only after exposure to elevated temperatures. The other species (T. geoffroyiandD. axifuga) exhibited marked bleaching when exposed to elevated temperatures, but mortality of these corals was similar to that of conspecifics held at ambient temperatures. This study highlights the potential for environmental change to impact the sustainability and viability of Australian coral harvest fisheries. More importantly, this study highlights the need for specific and targeted in situ monitoring for important stocks of coral fishery target species, to assess their vulnerability to fishery and fishery-independent effects.
Global distribution of the intensity and frequency of hourly precipitation and their responses to ENSO
Authors: Li Xiao-Feng , Blenkinsop Stephen , Barbero Renaud , Yu Jingjing , Lewis Elizabeth , Lenderink Geert , Guerreiro Selma , Chan Steven , Li Yafei , Ali Haider , Villalobos Herrera Roberto , Kendon Elizabeth , Fowler Hayley J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe investigate the global distribution of hourly precipitation and its connections with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) using both satellite precipitation estimates and the global sub-daily rainfall gauge dataset. Despite limited moisture availability over continental surfaces, we find that the highest mean and extreme hourly precipitation intensity (HPI) values are mainly located over continents rather than over oceans, a feature that is not evident in daily or coarser resolution data. After decomposing the total precipitation into the product of the number of wet hours (NWH) and HPI, we find that ENSO modulates total precipitation mainly through the NWH, while its effects on HPI are more limited. The contrasting responses to ENSO in NWH and HPI is particularly apparent at the rising branches of the Pacific and Atlantic Walker Circulations, and is also notable over land-based gauges in Australia, Malaysia, the USA, Japan and Europe across the whole distribution of hourly precipitation (i.e. extreme, moderate and light precipitation). These results provide new insights into the global precipitation distribution and its response to ENSO forcing.