bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Hemorrhagic Shock on Lung Ultrasound–Induced Pulmonary Capillary Hemorrhage
Authors: Miller Douglas L. , Dou Chunyan , Raghavendran Krishnan , Dong Zhihong 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesLung ultrasound (LUS) exposure can induce pulmonary capillary hemorrhage (PCH), depending on biological and physical exposure parameters. This study was designed to investigate the variation in the LUS induction of PCH due to hemorrhagic shock, which itself can engender pulmonary injury.MethodsMale rats were anesthetized with isoflurane in air. Shock was induced by withdrawal of 40% of the blood volume and assessed by the blood pressure detected by a femoral artery catheter and by blood glucose tests. B‐mode ultrasound was delivered at 7.3 MHz with a low output (−20 dB) for aiming and with the maximal output (0 dB) for exposure. Pulmonary capillary hemorrhage was quantified by an assessment of comet tail artifacts in the LUS images and by measurement of PCH areas on the surface of fresh lung samples.ResultsTests without shock or catheterization surgery gave results for PCH similar to those of previous studies using different methods. Exposure before hemorrhagic shock gave a mean PCH area ± SE of 24.8 ± 9.2 mm2 on the ultrasound scan plane, whereas exposure after shock gave 0 PCH (P < .001; n = 7).ConclusionsThe presence of hemorrhagic shock significantly reduces the occurrence of LUS‐induced PCH.
An experimental and modeling study of the oxidation of n‐heptane, ethylbenzene, and n‐butylbenzene in a jet‐stirred reactor at pressures up to 10 bar
Authors: Herbinet Olivier , Husson Benoit , Le Gall Hervé , Battin‐Leclerc Frédérique 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the context of better understanding pollutant formation from internal combustion engines, new experimental speciation data were obtained in a high‐pressure jet‐stirred reactor for the oxidation of three molecules, which are considered in surrogates of diesel fuel, n‐heptane, ethylbenzene, and n‐butylbenzene. These experiments were performed at pressures up to 10 bar, at temperatures ranging from 500 to 1 100 K, and for a residence time of 2 s. Based on results previously obtained close to the atmospheric pressure for the same molecules, the pressure effect on fuel conversion and product selectivity was discussed. In addition, for the three fuels, the experimental temperature dependence of species mole fractions was compared with simulations using recent literature models with generally a good agreement. For n‐heptane, the obtained experimental data, at 10 bar for stoichiometric mixtures, included the temperature dependence of the mole fractions of the reactants and those of 21 products. Interestingly, the formation of species previously identified as C7 diones was found significantly enhanced at 10 bar compared with lower pressures. The oxidation of ethyl‐ and n‐butylbenzenes was investigated at 10 bar for equivalence ratios of 0.5, 1, and 2. The obtained experimental data included the temperature dependence of the mole fractions of the reactants and those of 13 products for the C8 fuels and of 19 products for the C10 one. For ethylbenzene under stoichiometric conditions, the pressure dependence (from 1 to 10 bar) of species mole fraction was also recorded and compared with simulations with more deviations obtained than for temperature dependence. For both aromatic reactants, a flow rate analysis was used to discuss the main pressure influence on product selectivities.
Effect of the ionic strength on the redox reaction of dicyanobis(bipyridine)iron(III)‐iodide in binary and ternary solvent systems
Authors: Khattak Rozina , Khan Muhammad Sufaid , Ullah Rizwan , Zainab  , Sony  , Ali Mahnoor , Rahman Wajeeha , Hakeem Faryal , Ayaz Kainat , Bibi Zainab 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe redox reaction between dicyanobis(bipyridine)iron(III) and iodide ion follows first‐order kinetics in 10% (v/v) tertiary butyl alcohol‐water. The reaction was found first and zero order in iodide and dicyanobis(bipyridine)iron(III), respectively, at 0.06 M ionic strength and 293 ± 1 K. The thermodynamic parameters of activation such as EA (16.07 kJ mol−1), A (1 × 10−4 M s−1), ΔH# (13.6 kJ mol−1), ΔS# (−329.81 J K−1 mol−1), and ΔG# (90.1 kJ mol−1) were determined. The effect of the ionic strength on the rate constant leads to recognizing the stabilization or destabilization of the transition state complex that forms during the rate‐determining step of the reaction. The value of the zero‐order rate constant was decreased with increasing ionic strength that yielded a negative value of the slope in each binary and ternary solvent systems. This negative sign refers to the electron transfer between opposite charge carriers such as [FeIII(bpy)2(CN)2]+ and I− during the rate‐determining step. The destabilization of the transition state complex is surfaced by the increasing slope, that is, 5 < 10 < 15% (v/v) tertiary butyl alcohol‐water with a gradual decrease in the rate constant. However, its stability emerges by relatively small values of the slope in 17.5 < 25 ≤ 30% (v/v) tertiary butyl alcohol‐water and 8:2:90 < 6:4:90% (v/v) dioxane: tertiary butyl alcohol: water with reasonably fast rate of reaction.
M2 Macrophages Promote Collagen Expression and Synthesis in Laryngotracheal Stenosis Fibroblasts
Authors: Motz Kevin , Lina Ioan , Murphy Michael K. , Drake Virginia , Davis Ruth , Tsai Hsiu‐Wen , Feeley Michael , Yin Linda X. , Ding Dacheng , Hillel Alexander 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveMacrophages exhibit distinct phenotypes and are dysregulated in a model of iatrogenic laryngotracheal stenosis (iLTS). Increased populations of alternatively activated or M2 macrophages have been demonstrated. However, the role of these macrophages is unknown. The aims of this study are: 1) define the macrophage population in iLTS in the context of classically activated or M1 and M2 macrophage phenotypes, and 2) characterize the effect of monocyte‐derived M1 and M2 macrophages on normal airway and LTS‐derived fibroblasts (FBs) in vitro.Study DesignComparative analysis; in vitro controlled study.MethodsImmunohistochemical analysis of human iLTS and control specimens was performed to define the macrophage population. In vitro, M1, and M2 macrophages were polarized using M‐CSF + Interferon‐gamma and lipopolysaccharide or Interleukin‐4, respectively. FBs isolated from laryngotracheal scar (LTS‐FBs) and normal tracheal airway (NA‐FBs) in eight patients with iLTS were cocultured with polarized macrophages. Fibrosis gene expression, soluble collagen production, and proliferation were assessed.ResultsImmunohistochemical analysis revealed increased CD11b + cells (macrophage marker) in laryngotracheal scar specimens (18.3% vs. 8.5%, P = .03) and predominant CD206 (M2) costaining versus CD86 (M1) (51.5% vs. 9.8%, n = 10, P = .001). In vitro, NA‐FBs cultured with M2 macrophages demonstrated a 2.41‐fold increase in collagen‐1 expression (P = .05, n = 8) and an increase in soluble collagen (9.98 vs. 8.875, mean difference: 1.11 95%, confidence interval 0.024–2.192, n = 8, P = .015).ConclusionIncreased populations of CD11b cells are present in iLTS specimens and are predominantly CD206+, indicating an M2 phenotype. In vitro, M2 macrophages promoted collagen expression in airway FBs. Targeting macrophages may represent a therapeutic strategy for attenuating fibrosis in iLTS.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 131:E346–E353, 2021
Occult Lymph Node Metastasis in Early‐Stage Glottic Cancer in the National Cancer Database
Authors: Patel Tirth R. , Eggerstedt Michael , Toor Jaijeet , Tajudeen Bobby A. , Husain Inna , Stenson Kerstin , Al‐Khudari Samer 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesEarly‐stage glottic cancer (cT1–T2 cN0) may be treated by primary surgery or radiation. Elective treatment of the neck in clinically N0 disease is usually not performed due to low rates of regional lymph node metastasis. This study examines the role of elective neck dissection (END) and rate of occult nodal metastasis in cT1–T2 cN0 glottic cancer treated with primary surgery.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsThe National Cancer Database was used to identify patients treated for early‐stage glottic cancer. Demographic variables, disease characteristics, and overall survival were compared between the subgroups of patients who did and did not receive END. Factors predictive of occult lymph node metastasis were also identified using a multivariate logistic regression model.ResultsThirty‐eight percent of the 991 patients in this cohort underwent END. Younger age, treatment at an academic facility, advanced T‐stage, and higher tumor grade were associated with receiving END. Sixteen percent of the 372 patients undergoing END had occult nodal metastasis. Higher tumor histopathologic grade was associated with occult metastasis (P = .004). While undergoing END did not affect significantly survival, those with occult metastasis had poorer survival (P < .001).ConclusionsEND should be considered in cT1–T2 N0 glottic cancers with poorly differentiated or undifferentiated tumor histopathology. While END itself may not improve overall survival, identification of occult nodal metastasis is an important finding for prognostication.Level of EvidenceLevel 3 Laryngoscope, 131:E1139–E1146, 2021
Predicting the Premorbid Shape of a Diseased Mandible
Authors: Wang Edward , Tran Khanh Linh , D'heygere Emmanuel , Prisman Eitan 
Published: August 2020

Objectives/HypothesisVirtual surgical planning (VSP) for reconstructions of advanced mandibular neoplasms that have distorted the contour of the mandible is challenging, as the premorbid shape of the mandible is unknown. We introduce a novel modeling technique, based on a statistical shape model (SSM), that has learned the shape of a normal mandible from a set of 84 mandibles, such that given a diseased mandible, the model can determine its premorbid shape.MethodsEighty‐four control mandibles were used to generate an SSM. Various mandibular defects were created, and the SSM was applied to predict the shape of the original mandible. The predicted and original shape of the defect were compared for accuracy using volumetric overlap and Hausdorff distance. All mandibular VSP cases in the past 2 years were reviewed to identify those that required virtual preprocessing due to significantly distorted mandibular contours. The SSM was compared to those cases requiring preprocessing and highlighted in one prospective VSP.ResultsThe average volumetric overlap and Hausdorff distance between the defect replacement and the defect are 73.9% ± 13.3% and 4.51 mm ± 2.65 mm, respectively. The SSM is more accurate for smaller defects, and those not including the condyle. Ten out of 40 VSP cases required preprocessing using four different techniques. Qualitatively, the SSM outperformed those preprocessing techniques applied in the retrospective cases.ConclusionsThe SSM can accurately predict the premorbid shape of a distorted mandible and is superior to current preprocessing techniques. The SSM was successfully applied to a retrospective series and one prospective index case.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E781–E786, 2021
IVORY Guidelines (Instructional Videos in Otorhinolaryngology by YO‐IFOS): A Consensus on Surgical Videos in Ear, Nose, and Throat
Authors: Simon François , Peer Shazia , Michel Justin , Bruce Iain A. , Cherkes Maryana , Denoyelle Françoise , Fagan Johannes J. , Harish Muraleedharan , Hong Paul , James Adrian , Jia Huan , Krishnan P. Vijaya , Maunsell Rebecca , Modi Vikash K. , Nguyen Yann , Parikh Sanjay R. , Patel Nirmal , Pullens Bas , Russo Gennaro , Rutter Michael J. , Sargi Zoukaa , Shaye David , Sowerby Leigh J. , Yung Matthew , Zdanski Carlton J. , Teissier Natacha , Fakhry Nicolas 
Published: August 2020

Objectives/HypothesisOtolaryngology instructional videos available online are often of poor quality. The objective of this article was to establish international consensus recommendations for the production of educational surgical videos in otolaryngology.Study DesignDELPHI survey.MethodsTwenty‐seven international respondents participated in this study from 12 countries. Consensus was reached after three rounds of questionnaires following the Delphi methodology. The proposals having reached the 80% agreement threshold in the third round were retained.ResultsThe main recommendations are as follows: 1) Ethics: patients must be anonymized and unrecognizable (apart from plastic surgery if necessary). A signed authorization must be obtained if the person is recognizable. 2) Technical aspects: videos should be edited and in high‐definition (HD) quality if possible. Narration or subtitles and didactic illustrations are recommended. 3) Case presentation: name of pathology and procedure must be specified; the case should be presented with relevant workup. 4) Surgery: surgical procedures should be divided into several distinct stages and include tips and pitfalls. Pathology should be shown if relevant. Key points should be detailed at the end of the procedure. 5) Organ‐specific: type of approach and bilateral audiometry should be specified in otology. Coronal plane computed tomography scans should be shown in endonasal surgery. It is recommended to show pre‐ and postoperative videos in voice surgery and preoperative drawings and photos of scars in plastic surgery, as well as the ventilation method in airway surgery.ConclusionsInternational recommendations have been determined to assist in the creation and standardization of educational surgical videos in otolaryngology and head and neck surgery.Level of Evidence5 Laryngoscope, 131:E732–E737, 2021
Environmental change and human land‐use over the past 200 years in the Great Hinggan Mountains, Northeastern China
Authors: Mackenzie Lydia L. , Bao Kunshan , Pratte Steve , Klamt Anna‐Marie , Liu Rongqin , Aquino‐López Marco A. , Zawadzki Atun , Amiri Bahman Jabbarian , Shen Ji , Le Roux Gaël 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMountain ecosystems are sensitive to environmental changes and are affected by direct and indirect anthropogenic activities. This study sought to understand the impacts of human occupation, environmental and climate change on the Great Hinggan Mountains (GHM) in Northeastern China. The last 200 years of environmental changes are reconstructed by analyzing sediment cores from five small mountain lakes. Cores were dated using 210Pb and 137Cs radioisotopes, microscopic charcoal identified regional fire activity and fossil pollen analysis reconstructed temporal and spatial changes in vegetation. Peaks in 137Cs, 226Ra and microscopic charcoal flux were found to follow similar trends between sites. The radioisotope records reflect redistribution processes, such as erosion and fire events, which overwhelm the atmospheric fallout signal in the GHM. Microscopic charcoal increased from 1950 CE and peaked at all sites after 2000 CE suggesting that current fire management, coupled with a warmer climate due to global warming, may be leading to more wildfire events in the region. Pinus, Quercus and Betula declined at all sites as human occupation occurred in the early 1900s. Initially, open forest and grassland expanded in response to overexploitation of forests, followed by arboreal pollen reaching maximum values after 2000 CE. This study concludes that the present‐day mixed coniferous broad‐leaved forest dominating the southern region of the GHM is a product of changing fire activity, excessive logging and, more recently, forestry management and vegetation regeneration. Results suggest further management strategies are needed to address land degradation and wildfire events in mountain regions of Northeastern China.
Snapshot of epigenetic regulation in legumes
Authors: Windels David , Dang Thu Thi , Chen Zhijuan , Verdier Jerome 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the current context of food security and increase in plant protein demand, legumes have an important role in facing challenges of climate change. With the recent improvement of sequencing technologies and the emergence of new knowledge related to plant epigenetic regulation in response to developmental and environmental changes, legume epigenetics is an emerging field with high potential for improving legume crop productivity and adaptability. The objective of this review is to provide a snapshot of epigenetic studies in different legume species. We have summarized the state‐of‐the‐art regarding legume epigenetic regulation controlling or participating in developmental aspects such as nodule, flower, and seed development and related to biotic and abiotic stresses. This extensive view of the different studies on legume epigenetics provides a baseline for identifying common and distinct mechanisms, and key players in epigenetic regulation from those of model species, such Arabidopsis, and highlights the impact that a better understanding of these mechanisms in legumes could have in order to improve plant productivity and adaptability.
The Potential of Genome Editing for Improving Seed Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition in Oilseed Crops
Authors: Subedi Udaya , Jayawardhane Kethmi N. , Pan Xue , Ozga Jocelyn , Chen Guanqun , Foroud Nora A. , Singer Stacy D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA continuous rise in demand for vegetable oils, which comprise mainly the storage lipid triacylglycerol, is fueling a surge in research efforts to increase seed oil content and improve fatty acid composition in oilseed crops. Progress in this area has been achieved using both conventional breeding and transgenic approaches to date. However, further advancements using traditional breeding methods will be complicated by the polyploid nature of many oilseed crops and associated time constraints, while public perception and the prohibitive cost of regulatory processes hinders the commercialization of transgenic oilseed crops. As such, genome editing using CRISPR/Cas is emerging as a breakthrough breeding tool that could provide a platform to keep pace with escalating demand while potentially minimizing regulatory burden. In this review, we discuss the technology itself and progress that has been made thus far with respect to its use in oilseed crops to improve seed oil content and quality. Furthermore, we examine a number of genes that may provide ideal targets for genome editing in this context, as well as new CRISPR‐related tools that have the potential to be applied to oilseed plants and may allow additional gains to be made in the future.
Physiological and molecular responses to ocean acidification among strains of a model diatom
Authors: Huang Ruiping , Ding Jiancheng , Sun Jiazhen , Tian Yang , Bowler Chris , Lin Xin , Gao Kunshan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDifferential responses of diatoms, an important group of marine primary producers to ocean acidification, have been well documented. However, studies so far are based on limited representative strains from key species. Investigation of strain level responses will help us better understand the contrasting discrepancy in diatom responses to ocean acidification. Here, we selected four strains of the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum isolated from different regions of the global ocean, representing all genotypes based on internal transcribed spacer 2 sequences, and investigated strain‐specific responses to ocean acidification. In response to ocean acidification, changes in carbon metabolism varied among strains, although no significant effects of ocean acidification on growth rates or pigments were observed in any strains. The expression of genes encoding plasma membrane bicarbonate transporters was downregulated in strain Pt4, reflecting a potential decrease in active uptake, which was not observed in the other strains. Reduction of CO2 concentrating mechanism efficiency was also indicated by the regulated expression of genes encoding carbonic anhydrases that catalyze the interconversion of and CO2 in the pyrenoids and pyrenoid‐penetrating thylakoid, which exhibited different patterns among the strains. Under ocean acidification conditions, C4‐like metabolism appeared to redistribute carbon flux to gluconeogenesis in strain Pt1, and lipid synthesis in strains Pt8 and Pt11, rather than participating in net photosynthetic carbon fixation. These variations were incompletely correlated with phylogenetic relationship in different strains, implying that the habitat‐adapted imprints of the different strains could also be responsible for their differential responses to ocean acidification.
Biofabrication and Characterization of Alginate Dialdehyde‐Gelatin Microcapsules Incorporating Bioactive Glass for Cell Delivery Application
Authors: Reakasame Supachai , Jin Anbang , Zheng Kai , Qu Muchao , Boccaccini Aldo R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe effect of the incorporation of 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) microparticles (mean particle size ≈ 2 µm) on the fabrication and physicochemical properties of alginate dialdehyde‐gelatin hydrogel capsules is investigated. The addition of BG particles decreases the hydrogel gelation time by ≈79% and 91% for the samples containing 0.1% w/v and 0.5% w/v BG, respectively. Moreover, it results in increasing average diameter of hydrogel capsules produced via a pressure‐driven extrusion technique from about 1000 µm for the samples without BG to about 1700 and 1900 µm for the samples containing BG at concentrations of 0.1% w/v and 0.5% w/v, respectively. The presence of BG particles in the capsules decreases the degradation rate and improves the bioactivity of the materials. The viability of MG‐63 cells encapsulated in all samples increases during the first 7 d of cultivation and maintains the same level during 21 d of cultivation. The early cell viability in samples containing BG is lower than that in samples without BG. The results show that 45S5 BG can positively regulate the osteogenic activity of cells incorporated in hydrogel capsules. The fabricated composite capsules exhibit promising potential for cell delivery in bone regeneration applications.
Supramolecular Gelatin Networks Based on Inclusion Complexes
Authors: Löwenberg Candy , Tripodo Giuseppe , Julich‐Gruner Konstanze K. , Neffe Axel T. , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHydrogel forming physical networks based on gelatin are an attractive approach toward multifunctional biomaterials with the option of reshaping, self‐healing, and stimuli‐sensitivity. However, it is challenging to design such gelatin‐based hydrogels to be stable at body temperature. Here, gelatin functionalized with desaminotyrosine (DAT) or desaminotyrosyl tyrosine (DATT) side chains is crosslinked with cyclodextrin (CD) dimers under formation of inclusions complexes. The supramolecular networks displayed at room temperature decreased water uptake (200–600 wt% for DAT‐based systems, 200 wt% for DATT based systems), and increased storage moduli up to 25.6 kPa determined by rheology compared to DAT(T) gelatin. The gel–sol transition temperature increased from 33 up to 42 °C. The presented system that is completely based on natural building blocks may form the basis for materials that may potentially respond by dissolution or changes of properties to changes in environmental conditions or to the presence of CD guest molecules.