bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘I’m killing myself, but I’m saving the planet’: rolling tobacco smokers’ perceptions of rolling papers
Authors: Moodie Crawford , O’Donnell Rachel 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionDespite the global growth of rolling tobacco, we are unaware of any research that has explored smokers’ perceptions of the types of rolling papers available, or plain rolling papers, which are now required in Canada and Israel.MethodsEight focus groups were conducted with rolling tobacco smokers (n=50) in Greater Glasgow (Scotland) between February and March 2020. Participants were shown a number of packs of promotional rolling papers (natural, transparent, prerolled cones, flavoured) and plain rolling papers.ResultsRolling papers were often viewed as functional, a necessity for making roll-ups. The appeal of papers was based on the packaging, with a booklet-style pack of natural papers viewed very positively, as well as novelty, usability and taste/smell. Participants often associated papers with particular users, with prerolled cones and some flavoured papers thought to be used by cannabis smokers or younger people and those just starting to smoke. In terms of harm perceptions, natural papers were viewed as a healthier choice than standard papers and more environmentally friendly, whereas transparent papers raised concerns about safety to both the user and the environment. Participants were generally ambivalent towards plain papers, which they did not feel would alter their purchasing or smoking behaviour, although some felt they may be less appealing to youth as the branding would be diminished.ConclusionsThe panoply of rolling papers available offers consumers considerable choice. As some promotional papers can increase appeal or create misperceptions of harm then standardising papers would help to counter this.
Full-heavy tetraquarks in constituent quark models
Authors: Jin Xin , Xue Yaoyao , Huang Hongxia , Ping Jialun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe full-heavy tetraquarks $$bb{\bar{b}}{\bar{b}}$$

b
b

b

¯

b

¯

and $$cc{\bar{c}}{\bar{c}}$$

c
c

c

¯

c

¯

are systematically investigated within the chiral quark model and the quark delocalization color screening model. Two structures, meson–meson and diquark–antidiquark, are considered. For the full-beauty $$bb{\bar{b}}{\bar{b}}$$

b
b

b

¯

b

¯

systems, there is no any bound state or resonance state in two structures in the chiral quark model, while the wide resonances with masses around $$19.1-19.4$$

19.1
-
19.4

GeV and the quantum numbers $$J^{P}=0^{+}$$

J
P

=

0
+

, $$1^{+}$$

1
+

, and $$2^{+}$$

2
+

are possible in the quark delocalization color screening model. For the full-charm $$cc{\bar{c}}{\bar{c}}$$

c
c

c

¯

c

¯

systems, the results are qualitative consistent in two quark models. No bound state can be found in the meson–meson configuration, while in the diquark–antidiquark configuration there may exist the resonance states, with masses range between 6.2 to 7.4 GeV, and the quantum numbers $$J^{P}=0^{+}$$

J
P

=

0
+

, $$1^{+}$$

1
+

, and $$2^{+}$$

2
+

. And the separation between the diquark and the antidiquark indicates that these states may be the compact resonance states. The reported state X(6900) is possible to be explained as a compact resonance state with $$IJ^{P}=00^{+}$$

I

J
P

=

00
+

in present calculation. All these full-charm resonance states are worth searching in the experiments further.
Seismic facies, stratigraphy, geomorphology, and seismic modelling of a Lower Cretaceous carbonate platform
Authors: Embry Jean-Christophe , Hunt David W. , Colpaert Arnout , Dræge Anders , Zahm Laura 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Globally, Lower Cretaceous carbonate platforms form important hydrocarbon reservoirs. An exceptional seismic dataset allowed us to examine controls on the stratigraphy, seismic geomorphology, facies architecture and along-strike variability of a Lower Cretaceous platform. Within the platform succession, a partitioning of facies is developed between Transgressive, Highstand and Forced Regressive seismic sequences. Spectacular seismic geomorphological images of the platform using spectral decomposition techniques reveal spatial organization within both depositional and diagenetic (i.e. palaeokarst) patterns. The study was undertaken in order to optimize a well location. Predrill seismic facies interpretations were interpreted with the aid of offset well data and drill cores. Core data encompass a range of slope, platform margin and platform interior facies with inferred palaeoenvironments that are matched to the seismic geomorphology of the platform. 2D seismic forward modelling was integrated in our workflow to investigate the extent of potential sealing lithologies and the reservoir potential of the individual seismic sequences. Nearby wells were used to calibrate a modified rock physics model for the different lithofacies. Multiple seismic model realizations were generated to assess reservoir quality in alternative well locations and the continuity and quality of sealing strata. Results of the predrill forward-modelled poro-perm prediction are presented, showing a good fit with the final well observations after drilling.
Enhanced Hypercoagulability in Sickle Cell Anaemia Patients with Chronic Leg Ulcers
Authors: Sackey David , Dei-Adomakoh Yvonne , Olayemi Edeghonghon 
Published: November 2020

Sickle Cell Anaemia (SCA) is associated with a hypercoagulable state resulting in a predisposition to venous thromboembolism. With improvements in the quality of care, more patients with SCA survive into adulthood with an associated increase in the frequency of end-organ damage and chronic complications such as chronic leg ulcers (CLUs). These ulcers rarely occur in the first decade of life and are recurrent, painful, and slow-to-heal. This study tested the hypothesis that coagulation is enhanced in SCA patients with CLU. 145 participants (50 SCA with CLU, 50 SCA without CLU, and 45 with haemoglobin AA) were assessed to determine their coagulation profile using selected tests of coagulation. The SCA with the CLU group had the lowest mean haemoglobin (Hb) concentration. SCA patients with and without CLUs had elevated mean platelet counts, shorter mean aPTT, and marginally prolonged mean PT  compared to HbAA patients. SCA with CLUs patients had a significantly shortened aPTT than those without CLUs (

p

= 0.035) and HbAA (

p

= 0.009). There were significant differences in the mean PT between SCA with CLUs patients and HbAA (

p

= 0.017); SCA without CLU and HbAA (

p

= 0.014). SCA with and without CLUs patients had higher mean D-dimer levels compared to HbAA. There was a negative correlation between Hb concentration and duration of CLU (r = -0.331,

p

= 0.021). In conclusion, our study demonstrates a heightened hypercoagulability in SCA patients with CLUs. We did not test for platelet activation, and it is not clear what role, if any, the enhanced hypercoagulability plays in the pathogenesis of CLUs in SCA. It will be useful to ascertain if antiplatelet agents or/and anticoagulants quicken the healing of CLUs in SCA patients.
Application of Distributed Parameter Model to Assessment of Glioma IDH Mutation Status by Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Li Zongfang , Zhao Wei , He Bo , Koh Tong San , Li Yanxi , Zeng Yizhen , Zhang Zhuo , Zhang Jingzhong , Hou Zujun 
Published: November 2020

Previous studies using contrast-enhanced imaging for glioma isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation assessment showed promising yet inconsistent results, and this study attempts to explore this problem by using an advanced tracer kinetic model, the distributed parameter model (DP). Fifty-five patients with glioma examined using dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging sequence at a 3.0 T scanner were retrospectively reviewed. The imaging data were processed using DP, yielding the following parameters: blood flow F, permeability-surface area product PS, fractional volume of interstitial space Ve, fractional volume of intravascular space Vp, and extraction ratio E. The results were compared with the Tofts model. The Wilcoxon test and boxplot were utilized for assessment of differences of model parameters between IDH-mutant and IDH-wildtype gliomas. Spearman correlation r was employed to investigate the relationship between DP and Tofts parameters. Diagnostic performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and quantified using the area under the ROC curve (AUC). Results showed that IDH-mutant gliomas were significantly lower in F (

P

= 0.018), PS (

P
<
0.001

), Vp (

P
<
0.001

), E (

P
<
0.001

), and Ve (

P

= 0.002) than IDH-wildtype gliomas. In differentiating IDH-mutant and IDH-wildtype gliomas, Vp had the best performance (AUC = 0.92), and the AUCs of PS and E were 0.82 and 0.80, respectively. In comparison, Tofts parameters were lower in Ktrans (

P

= 0.013) and Ve (

P
<
0.001

) for IDH-mutant gliomas. No significant difference was observed in Kep (

P

= 0.525). The AUCs of Ktrans, Ve, and Kep were 0.69, 0.79, and 0.55, respectively. Tofts-derived Ve showed a strong correlation with DP-derived Ve (r > 0.9,

P
<
0.001

). Ktrans showed a weak correlation with F (r < 0.3,

P

> 0.16) and a very weak correlation with PS (r < 0.06,

P

> 0.8), both of which were not statistically significant. The findings by DP revealed a tissue environment with lower vascularity, lower vessel permeability, and lower blood flow in IDH-mutant than in IDH-wildtype gliomas, being hostile to cellular differentiation of oncogenic effects in IDH-mutated gliomas, which might help to explain the better outcomes in IDH-mutated glioma patients than in glioma patients of IDH-wildtype. The advantage of DP over Tofts in glioma DCE data analysis was demonstrated in terms of clearer elucidation of tissue microenvironment and better performance in IDH mutation assessment.
Dysregulated Glutamate Transporter SLC1A1 Propels Cystine Uptake via Xc− for Glutathione Synthesis in Lung Cancer
Authors: Guo Wenzheng , Li Kaimi , Sun Beibei , Xu Dongliang , Tong Lingfeng , Yin Huijing , Liao Yueling , Song Hongyong , Wang Tong , Jing Bo , Hu Min , Liu Shuli , Kuang Yanbin , Ling Jing , Li Qi , Wu Yadi , Wang Qi , Yao Feng , Zhou Binhua P. , Lin Shu-Hai , Deng Jiong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Cancer cells need to generate large amounts of glutathione (GSH) to buffer oxidative stress during tumor development. A rate-limiting step for GSH biosynthesis is cystine uptake via a cystine/glutamate antiporter Xc−. Xc− is a sodium-independent antiporter passively driven by concentration gradients from extracellular cystine and intracellular glutamate across the cell membrane. Increased uptake of cystine via Xc− in cancer cells increases the level of extracellular glutamate, which would subsequently restrain cystine uptake via Xc−. Cancer cells must therefore evolve a mechanism to overcome this negative feedback regulation. In this study, we report that glutamate transporters, in particular SLC1A1, are tightly intertwined with cystine uptake and GSH biosynthesis in lung cancer cells. Dysregulated SLC1A1, a sodium-dependent glutamate carrier, actively recycled extracellular glutamate into cells, which enhanced the efficiency of cystine uptake via Xc− and GSH biosynthesis as measured by stable isotope-assisted metabolomics. Conversely, depletion of glutamate transporter SLC1A1 increased extracellular glutamate, which inhibited cystine uptake, blocked GSH synthesis, and induced oxidative stress-mediated cell death or growth inhibition. Moreover, glutamate transporters were frequently upregulated in tissue samples of patients with non–small cell lung cancer. Taken together, active uptake of glutamate via SLC1A1 propels cystine uptake via Xc− for GSH biosynthesis in lung tumorigenesis.

Significance:
Cellular GSH in cancer cells is not only determined by upregulated Xc− but also by dysregulated glutamate transporters, which provide additional targets for therapeutic intervention.
Optimizing the Use of Telemedicine in Oncology Care: Postpandemic Opportunities
Authors: Knudsen Karen E. , Willman Cheryl , Winn Robert 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Utilization of telehealth as part of the cancer care delivery continuum dramatically escalated in response to the COVID-19 pandemic at major cancer centers across the globe. The rapid shift toward telehealth visits for nontreatment cancer care provided immediate benefit through reducing unnecessary risk of exposure, overcoming transportation barriers faced by both patients and caregivers, and fast-tracking care transformation. As such, delineating the impact of telehealth on access, health equity, quality, and outcomes will be essential for refining the use of digital strategies and telehealth toward optimizing cancer care. Herein, experiences to date with telehealth usage for oncology care are reviewed, and priorities are outlined for postpandemic opportunities to improve the lives of patients with cancer through telemedicine.
Characterization of Clonal Evolution in Microsatellite Unstable Metastatic Cancers through Multiregional Tumor Sequencing
Authors: Bonneville Russell , Paruchuri Anoosha , Wing Michele R. , Krook Melanie A. , Reeser Julie W. , Chen Hui-Zi , Dao Thuy , Samorodnitsky Eric , Smith Amy M. , Yu Lianbo , Nowacki Nicholas , Chen Wei , Roychowdhury Sameek 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMicrosatellites are short, repetitive segments of DNA, which are dysregulated in mismatch repair-deficient (MMRd) tumors resulting in microsatellite instability (MSI). MSI has been identified in many human cancer types with varying incidence, and microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) tumors often exhibit increased sensitivity to immune-enhancing therapies such as PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has permitted advancements in MSI detection, and recent computational advances have enabled characterization of tumor heterogeneity via NGS. However, the evolution and heterogeneity of microsatellite changes in MSI-positive tumors remains poorly described. We determined MSI status in 6 patients using our previously published algorithm, MANTIS, and inferred subclonal composition and phylogeny with Canopy and SuperFreq. We developed a simulated annealing-based method to characterize microsatellite length distributions in specific subclones and assessed the evolution of MSI in the context of tumor heterogeneity. We identified three to eight tumor subclones per patient, and each subclone exhibited MMRd-associated base substitution signatures. We noted that microsatellites tend to shorten over time, and that MMRd fosters heterogeneity by introducing novel mutations throughout the disease course. Some microsatellites are altered among all subclones in a patient, whereas other loci are only altered in particular subclones corresponding to subclonal phylogenetic relationships. Overall, our results indicate that MMRd is a substantial driver of heterogeneity, leading to both MSI and subclonal divergence.Implications:We leveraged subclonal inference to assess clonal evolution based on somatic mutations and microsatellites, which provides insight into MMRd as a dynamic mutagenic process in MSI-H malignancies.
Complementary treatment to reduce blood sugar levels of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Proboningsih Jujuk , Joeliantina Anita , Novitasari Aida , Purnamawati Dewi 
Published: November 2020

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that requires long-term management. There is a tendency in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients to use herbs as a complement to medical treatment. The purpose of this study was to analyze the use of herbs as a complement to medical treatment in reducing blood sugar levels of T2DM patients. This type of research is quasi-experimental, with 40 research subjects divided into 4 groups. Determination of research subjects by purposive sampling in accordance with established inclusion criteria. Data analysis using paired T test. The majority of respondents was women (77.5%) and had no genetic history (75%). The duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus majority was &gt;5 years 72.5%). Data on random blood sugar levels before (p=0.098) and after (p=0.113) intervention were normally distributed and homogeneous p&gt;0.05 (0.839). The treatment group (groups 2, 3, and 4) showed a significant decrease in random blood sugar levels as the control group (1) with a significance value &lt;0.05. Giving herbs has a tendency to reduce random blood sugar levels when used as a complement to medical treatment. Bitter melon shows the effect of decreasing random blood sugar levels greater than the provision of bay leaves and cinnamon.<br /><br />
Letter to Editor COVID-19 outbreak and medical waste: Challenge in hand
Authors: Musa Hassan , Musa Taha H. , Musa Idriss H. , Oderinde Olayinka 
Published: November 2020

The ongoing pandemic of novel coronavirus disease, COVID19, which first reported in Wuhan, China, inDecember 2019, [1] and caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV2) has resulted to more than 6,881,352 confirmed cases in the world, and 399,895 global deaths, as reported in 8:36am CEST, 8 June 2020. [2] It has been reported that the primary spread of COVID-19 via human transmission is during close contact, most often through small droplets spread by coughing, sneezing, and talking. [3] Researchers and health experts have discovered that wearing of appropriate face masks can significantly reduce the transmission up to the 75%.
Improvement of an automated CAN packaging system based on modeling and analysis approach through robot simulation tools
Authors: Srasrisom Khongsak , Srinoi Pramot , Chaijit Seksan , Wiwatwongwana Fasai 
Published: November 2020

<p>The application of robot simulation tools for modelling, analysis and improvement of existing industrial manufacturing cells is presented with reference to the development and implementation of the digital factory concept. A real case study of aerosol can packaging and palletizing cell scenario in the metal can manufacturing industry for containing food and products is used as a reference in this paper. For studying manual aerosol can packaging and palletizing conditions of the worker, a detailed time and motion analysis of workers is carried out. On the basis of cycle time analysis results, an alternative to the manual operation, a more sophisticated automated packaging and palletizing system is suggested. A proposed system which uses a robotic manipulator including automated production machine and devices are also developed and tested. The viability of the suggested system is checked through simulation and cycle time analysis. A fuzzy logic software, MATLAB is employed in order to analyse the actual system’s behaviour in terms of productivity, and utilization of the available facilities. The 3D simulation software, DELMIA V6 is additionally employed to perform a detailed design phase of the manufacturing cell. From the simulation results, this gives a rough approximation that the production of one robotized manipulator, and automated packaging and palletizing cell is equal to the production of about 4.3 manual packaging and palletizing cells. These results have shown the need for change to automation in the aerosol can packaging and palletizing system.</p>
Emotional model for a multi-robot system with emergent behavior
Authors: Gil Angel , Aguilar Jose , Dapena Eladio , Rivas Rafael 
Published: November 2020

<p>This article describes an emotional model for a general-purpose robot operating in a multi-robot system with emergent behavior. The model considers four basic emotions: anger, rejection, sadness and joy, plus a neutral emotional state, which affect the behavior of the robot, both individually and collectively. The emotional state of each robot in the system is constructed through the conjunction of a series of factors related to their individual and collective actions, which are: safety, load, acting and interaction, which serve as input to an emotional process that results in an index of satisfaction of the robot that establishes the emotional state in which it is in a certain moment. The emotional state of a robot influences its interactions with the other robots and with the environment, that is, it determines its emergent behavior in the system. This paper presents the design of this model, and establishes some considerations for its implementation.</p>
Epidemiological Features of Aortic Stenosis in a French Nationwide Study: 10‐Year Trends and New Challenges
Authors: Grave Clémence , Juillière Yves , Tuppin Philippe , Weill Alain , Gabet Amélie , Tribouilloy Christophe , Olié Valérie 
Published: November 2020

Background
Aortic stenosis (AS) is one of the most common forms of valvular heart disease. Our aim was to estimate the burden of AS in the hospital in France, describe patient characteristics, and evaluate the mortality rate and temporal trends.

Methods and Results
All patients hospitalized for AS in France between 2006 and 2016 were identified from the national hospital discharge database. Patients’ sociodemographic, medical, and surgical characteristics and temporal trends were described. All AS‐related deaths between 2000 and 2014 were identified using death certificates. In 2016, 26 071 patients were hospitalized for AS: 56.5% were men with an average age of 77 years. The all‐cause mortality rate at 1 year postindex stay was 11%. The rate of patients hospitalized for AS increased by 59% between 2006 and 2016, reaching 38.7/100 000 person‐years in 2016. This increase was most pronounced in patients aged >75 years. The number of transcatheter aortic valve implantations increased following their introduction in 2010. In 2016, 44% of patients were treated with aortic valve surgery during the index hospital stay or following year (mean age, 71.5 years), and 34% were treated with transcatheter aortic valve implantation (mean age, 83.0 years). In 2014, 6186 deaths caused by AS were identified in death certificates: 41.6% were men with an average age of 87 years. The age‐standardized mortality rate increased by 5% between 2000 and 2014, reaching 8.5/100 000 person‐years in 2014.

Conclusions
The rate of patients hospitalized for AS increased in recent years in line with the higher life expectancy and introduction of transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Mortality increased more moderately.