bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weaning age influences indicators of rumen function and development in female Holstein calves
Authors: Schwarzkopf Sarah , Kinoshita Asako , Hüther Liane , Salm Laurenz , Kehraus Saskia , Südekum Karl-Heinz , Huber Korinna , Dänicke Sven , Frahm Jana 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Prenatal and postnatal conditions are crucial for the development of calves. Primiparous cows are still maturing during pregnancy, thus competing with the nutritional needs of their offspring. Therefore, mature cows might provide a superior intrauterine condition. Furthermore, weaning calves at an older age might affect them positively as well by reducing stress and offering time for various organs and their functions to develop. We aimed to evaluate effects of mothers’ parity and calves’ weaning age on gastrointestinal development and corresponding acid-base balance. Fifty-nine female German Holstein calves (about 8 days old) were investigated in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment with factors weaning age (7 vs. 17 weeks) and parity of mother (primiparous vs. multiparous). Calves were randomly assigned to one of these four groups. Animal behavior that was observed included “resting”, “chewing” and “active behavior”. Results: Behavioral patterns were interactively affected by time and weaning age. Rumen sounds per 2 minutes increased during early weaning, whereas in late-weaned calves they increased before weaning, already. Urinary N-containing compounds (creatinine, hippuric acid, uric acid, urea, allantoin) were interactively affected by time and weaning age. Concentrations of all measured compounds except urea increased during early weaning. All except hippuric acid concentration decreased in early-weaned calves after weaning. In late-weaned calves allantoin and uric acid increased before weaning and did not change during weaning. Conclusion: The results suggest that late-weaned calves developed adequate rumen functions and acid-base balance, whereas early-weaned calves might have suffered from ruminal acidosis and catabolism. Weaning calves at 7 weeks of age might be too early for an adequate rumen development.
Establishing Consensus Annotation for the Hallmarks of Cancer
Authors: Chen Yi , Verbeek Fons , Wolstencroft Katherine 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Motivation: The hallmarks of cancer provide a highly cited and well-used conceptual framework for describing the processes involved in cancer cell development and tumourigenesis. However, methods for translating these high-level hallmarks concepts into data level-links between individual genes and individual cancer hallmarks varies widely between studies. When we examine different strategies for linking and mapping cancer hallmarks in detail, we see significant differences, but also consensus. Results: Here we compare hallmark mapping schemes from multiple studies and explore the consensus knowledge from these different approaches, in order to help us better understand the core biological processes and pathways that are associated with the hallmarks of cancer. We also explore the differences between mapping schemes and identify which differences represent changes in our understanding of cancer, changes in our understanding of biological processes in the non-disease state, or the accumulation of more experimental evidence over time. Conclusions: Mapping strategies rely on intermediate knowledge resources, such as biological pathway databases like KEGG or the Gene Ontology. The structure and annotations of these intermediate resources also change over time. The results of this study therefore highlight the challenges of integrating accumulated, distributed and changing biological knowledge in bioinformatics.
Efficacy of Positron Emission Tomography in Diagnosis of Lateral Lymph Node Metastases in Patients with Rectal Cancer: A retrospective study
Authors: Yukimoto Ryohei , Uemura Mamoru , Tsuboyama Takahiro , Hata Tsuyoshi , Fujino Shiki , Ogino Takayuki , Miyoshi Norikatsu , Takahashi Hidekazu , Hata Taishi , Yamamoto Hirofumi , Mizushima Tsunekazu , Kida Akira , Furuyashiki Mamoru , Doki Yuichiro , Eguchi Hidetoshi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background The presence of lateral pelvic lymph node (LLN) metastasis is an essential prognostic factor in rectal cancer patients. Thus, preoperative diagnosis of LLN metastasis is clinically important to determine the therapeutic strategy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the diagnosis of LLN metastasis. Methods Eighty-six patients with rectal cancer who underwent LLN dissection at Osaka University were included in this study. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the primary tumor and LLN were preoperatively calculated using PET/CT. Simultaneously, the short axis of the lymph node was measured using multi-detector row computed tomography (MDCT). The presence of metastases was evaluated by postoperative pathological examination. Results Of the 86 patients, LLN metastases developed in the left, right, and both LLN regions in 7, 8, and 2 patients, respectively. The diagnosis of the metastases was predicted with a sensitivity of 84%, specificity 94%, positive predictive value 62%, and negative predictive value 98% when the cutoff value of the LLN SUVmax was set at 1.5. The cutoff value of the short axis set at 7 mm on MDCT was most useful in diagnosing LLN metastases, but SUVmax was even more useful in terms of specificity.Conclusions The cutoff value of 1.5 for lymph node SUVmax in PET is a reasonable measure to predict the risk of preoperative LLN metastases in rectal cancer patients.
Primary Care Management of Chronic Insomnia: A Qualitative Analysis of the Attitudes and Experiences of Australian General Practitioners
Authors: Haycock Jenny , Grivell Nicole , Redman Anne , Saini Bandana , Vakulin Andrew , Lack Leon , Lovato Nicole , Sweetman Alexander , Zwar Nicholas , Stocks Nigel , Frank Oliver , Mukherjee Sutapa , Adams Robert , McEvoy R. Doug , Hoon Elizabeth 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Chronic insomnia is a highly prevalent disorder, with ten to thirty percent of Australian adults reporting chronic difficulties falling asleep and/or staying asleep such that it causes significant daytime impairment. Current Australian general practice guidelines recommend Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for insomnia (CBTi) as first line treatment for insomnia however, research suggests that most general practice consultations for insomnia result in a prescription for hypnotic or sedative medicines. Although the first point of contact for patients experiencing symptoms of insomnia is often general practice, little is known about the current role, experiences and capacity of Australian general practitioners to manage insomnia. This study aimed to address that gap by exploring the attitudes and opinions of general practitioners regarding insomnia management, to inform the development and implementation of new models of best practice insomnia care within general practice. Methods A descriptive, pragmatic qualitative study. Purposive sampling was used to recruit practising Australian general practitioners, varying in age, years of experience and geographic location. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and data analysed using Thematic Analysis. Results Twenty-eight general practitioners participated in the study. Three major themes were identified: 1) Responsibility for insomnia care; 2) Complexities in managing insomnia; and 3) Navigating treatment pathways. Whilst general practitioners readily accepted responsibility for the management of insomnia, provision of care was often demanding and difficult within the funding and time constraints of general practice. Patients presenting with comorbid mental health conditions and insomnia, and decision-making regarding long-term use of benzodiazepines presented challenges for general practitioners. Whilst general practitioners confidently provided sleep hygiene education to patients, their knowledge and experience of CBTi, and access and understanding of specialised referral pathways for insomnia was limited. Conclusions General practitioners report that whilst assessing and managing insomnia can be demanding, it is an integral part of general practice. Insomnia presents complexities for general practitioners, and greater clarity about funding options, targeted education about effective insomnia treatments, and referral pathways to specialist services would benefit insomnia management within general practice.
Novel Prognostic Role of Serum CA19-9 Identified in Colorectal Terminal Tumor Site and Tubular Adenocarcinoma
Authors: He Zhicheng , Hu Shudong , Chen Jijun , Cai Xianghai , He Yingying , Liu Shubai 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
It is still illusive that the origination and contribution of different primary tumor sites in Colorectal Cancer (CRC). A total 1039 consecutive CRC patient’s profiles were collected and investigated the prediction role of multiple biomarkers during survival period. The correlation and survival analysis were applied to explore the prognostic value of clinical traits (primary tumor sites, and tumor subtypes, the incidence rate) and multiple biomarkers. The sigmoid and rectum (73%) demonstrated the highest incidence rate among other primary tumor sites (27%). Tubular adenocarcinoma, mainly rise from the terminal bowel tumor sites, has significantly worse clinical outcome, lower 5-year survival rate and shorter overall survival time. Serum level of CA19-9 was significantly positive correlated with sigmoid and rectum originated-CRC (Cor =0.88, p=2.2e-16). Higher serum level of CA19-9 (>37 U/mL) was significantly associated with terminal tumor sites, tubular adenocarcinoma and tumor with non-infiltrating. It could be applied for the precise diagnosis of CRC and terminal bowel cancer, especially in the tubular adenocarcinoma. Therefore, terminal tumor sites (sigmoid and rectum) demonstrated potential prognostic value in early screening for CRC patients. CA19-9 could be a promising biomarker for the diagnosis of terminal colorectal cancer, especially for the Tubular adenocarcinomas originated from sigmoid and rectum, and improve the clinical outcome.
Associations between Post-Stroke Motor and Cognitive Function: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Einstad Marte Stine , Saltvedt Ingvild , Lydersen Stian , Ursin Marie , Munthe-Kaas Ragnhild , Ihle-Hansen Hege , Knapskog Anne-Brita , Askim Torunn , Beyer Mona , Næss Halvor , Seljeseth Yngve , Ellekjær Hanne , Thingstad Pernille 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Although both motor and cognitive impairments are frequently observed following stroke, these are often managed as distinct entities, and there is little evidence regarding how they are related. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of concurrent motor and cognitive impairments three months after stroke and to examine how motor performance was associated with memory, executive function and global cognition. METHODS: The Norwegian Cognitive Impairment After Stroke (Nor-COAST) study is a prospective multicentre cohort study including patients hospitalized with acute stroke. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to measure stroke severity, and function was measured by the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Motor and cognitive functions were assessed three months post-stroke using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Trail Making Test Part B (TMT-B), 10-Word List Recall (10WLR), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), dual-task cost (DTC) and grip strength. Cut-offs were set according to current recommendations. Associations were examined using linear regression with the cognitive tests as dependent variables and motor domains as covariates, adjusted for age, sex, education and stroke severity. RESULTS: Of 567 participants included, 242 (43%) were women, mean (SD) age was 72.2 (11.7) years, 416 (75%) had an NIHSS score ≤ 4 and 475 (84%) had an mRS score of ≤ 2. Prevalence of concurrent motor and cognitive impairment ranged from 9.5% for DTC and 10WLR to 22.9% for grip strength and TMT-B. The SPPB was associated with the MoCA (regression coefficient B=0.465, 95%CI [0.352, 0.578]), TMT-B (B=-9.494, 95%CI [-11.726, -7.925]) and 10WLR (B=0.132, 95%CI [0.054, 0.211]). Grip strength was associated with the MoCA (B=0.075, 95%CI [0.039, 0.112]), TMT-B (B=-1.972, 95%CI [-2.672, -1.272]) and 10WLR (B=0.041, 95%CI [0.016, 0.066]). Higher DTC was associated with more time needed to complete the TMT-B (B=0.475, 95%CI [0.075, 0.875]) but not with the MoCA or 10WLR.CONCLUSION: Three months after suffering mainly minor strokes, 30–40% of participants had motor or cognitive impairments, while 20% had concurrent impairments. Motor performance was associated with memory, executive function and global cognition. The identification of concurrent impairments could be relevant for preventing functional decline.Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02650531
Controlling potential landscape of heterostructured nanocrystals with interfacial polarization
Authors: Jeong Byeong Guk , Chang Jun Hyuk , Hahm Donghyo , Rhee Seunghyun , Park Myeongjin , Lee Sohoo , Kim Youngdu , Shin Doyoon , Park Jeong Woo , Lee Changhee , Lee Doh C. , Park Kyoungwon , Hwang Euyheon , Bae Wan Ki 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The potential profile and the energy level offset of core/shell heterostructured nanocrystals (h-NCs) determine the photophysical properties and the charge transport characteristics of h-NC solids. However, limited material choices for heavy metal-free III-V/II-VI h-NCs pose challenges in comprehensive control of the potential profile. Herein, we present an unprecedented approach to such control by steering dipole moments at the interface of III-V/II-VI h-NCs. The controllable heterovalency at the interface is responsible for interfacial dipole moments that result in the vacuum-level shift, providing an additional knob for the control of optical and electrical characteristics of h-NCs. We capitalize on the atomic precision with which to synthesize h-NCs by correlating interfacial dipole moments to photochemical stability and optoelectronic performance of resulting h-NCs.
Peribulbar Sub-Tenon’s Anaesthesia With Levo-Bupivacaine and Cis-Atracurium Besilate in Ophthalmic Intraocular Surgery in Cat: Clinical Study.
Authors: costa giovanna , Nastasi Bernadette , Spadola Filippo , Leonardi Fabio , Musicò Marcello 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Backgroundthis study aims to evaluate the efficacy of Levo-bupivacaine with the addition of a small dose of cisatracurium by sub-Tenon’s injection on akinesia and mydriasis. Then, to evaluate if such a small dose of cisatracurium could determine a systemic neuromuscular blockade, despite the way of administration. Forty cats were anesthetized for intra-ophthalmic surgery with butorphanol 0,2 mgkg-1, dexmedetomidine 15 mcg/kg and midazolam 0,2 mgkg-1 IM and intubated to receive oxygen and isofluorane by mechanical ventilation. The animals were divided in four groups. Group L received 1.25 mgkg-1 L-bupivacaine, administered by peribulbar injection; group CL received the same dose of L-bupivacaine, combined with 0.01mg/kg of cisatracurium; group C received 0.01 mg kg-1 of peribulbar cisatracurium; group GC received 0.01 mg kg-1 of cisatracurium intravenously. Physiological variables and oculomotor activity were measured before and up to 30 minutes after peribulbar injection.ResultsThe data below, expressed with median and range, show that physiological variables remained in the physiological range. Among the treatments, the LC group showed akinesia, higher midriasis and a decrasing intraocular pressure (IOP); the onset time of akinesia was significantly shorter in group LC than in group L 4(3/5) min and 8(6/10) min respectively, p=0.000; the duration of akinesia was longer in group LC than in group L, 70(68/72) and 60(57/63min), respectively p=0.000. In group C we observed the appearance of akinesia after 5(5/5) minutes from the peribulbar administration and it lasted for 20(20/20) minutes (p=0.000), compared to groups L and LC. In group GC we registered akinesia after 5(5/5) minutes, but the duration observed was shorter 5(5/6). In groups C and GC, additional L bupivacaine peribulbar injection was required. The train of four (TOF) was ≥ 0.9 throughout the study in all of the groups. ConclusionsA combination of cisatracurium and L-bupivicaine, used for peribulbar sub-Tenon’s anesthesia, provides effective akinesia, midriasis of the eye, shortens the onset of akinesia and prolongs its duration, thus providing excellent conditions for intra-ophthalmic surgery, without incurring in a systemic blockade.
Latex Agglutination Turbidimetric Immunoassay Versus Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Helicobacter pylori: An Observational Study.
Authors: Tokai Yoshitaka , Fujisaki Junko , Ishizuka Naoki , Osumi Hiroki , Namikawa Ken , Yoshimizu Shoichi , Horiuchi Yusuke , Ishiyama Akiyoshi , Yoshio Toshiyuki , Hirasawa Toshiaki , Miki Kazumasa , tsuchida Tomohiro 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Helicobacter pylori antibody levels in the blood are currently measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In April 2016, FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation launched the “L-type Wako Helicobacter pylori antibody J” test, which is based on the latex agglutination turbidimetric immunoassay. In this study, we investigated the usefulness of the Wako test. Methods: We measured H. pylori antibody levels using both ELISA and Wako tests in 180 patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy at our hospital between September 2017 and February 2019. Ninety patients had H. pylori infections. We calculated the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of each test and the concordance rate between the two tests. If the lower limits of 90% confidence intervals (CI) for each diagnostic validity exceeded the 85% threshold, the usefulness of the diagnostic test was confirmed. Results: Diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 94.4% (90% CI; 90.8–97.0%), 94.4% (90% CI; 88.7–97.8%), and 94.4% (90% CI; 88.7–97.8%), respectively, using the Wako test, and 94.4% (90% CI; 90.8–97.0%), 88.9% (90% CI; 81.9–93.8%), and 100% (90% CI; 96.0–100%), respectively, using ELISA. The concordance rate between the two tests was high (κ = 0.8444). Conclusions: We confirmed the usefulness of the Wako test, especially when screening for H. pylori infection, due to its high sensitivity.Trial registration: We retrospectively registered the data of this study.
Association of VEGF Haplotypes with Breast Cancer Risk in North-West Indians
Authors: Sambyal Vasudha , Guleria Kamlesh , Kapahi Ruhi , Manjari Mridu , Sudan Meena , Uppal Manjit Singh , Singh Neeti Rajan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Angiogenesis is a complex and coordinated process regulated by different growth factors and is one of the hallmark features of cancer. VEGF is one of the most important endothelial cell mitogen and has a critical role in normal physiological and tumor angiogenesis. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential association of haplotypes of six VEGF polymorphisms with breast cancer risk in North-West Indians. Methods: Samples of 250 breast cancer patients and 250 age and gender matched controls were genotyped for VEGF -2578C/A, -2549I/D, -460T/C, +405C/G, -7C/T and +936C/T polymorphisms. Haplotypes were generated to determine the better contribution of VEGF polymorphisms to breast cancer risk. Results: Haplotypes CDTCCC (OR = 0.56, 95%CI, 0.38-0.81; p = 0.003) and CDTGCC (OR = 0.63, 95%CI, 0.44-0.92; p = 0.018) of VEGF -2578C/A, -2549I/D, -460T/C, +405C/G, -7C/T and +936C/T polymorphisms were significantly associated with decreased risk of breast cancer. CDTCCC haplotype was also significantly associated with reduced risk of breast cancer in pre and post menopausal as well as both obese and non obese patients. Haplotype CDTGCC was marginally associated (p = 0.07) with reduced risk of breast cancer in non-obese patients as compared with non-obese controls where as haplotype AICGTC was marginally associated (p = 0.09) with reduced risk of breast cancer in obese patients when compared with non-obese patients. The CDTGCC haplotype was significantly associated with increased risk of breast cancer in premenopausal obese patients (OR = 1.98, 95%CI, 1.10-3.56; p = 0.02). Conclusions: Our data indicated that CDTCCC and CDTGCC haplotypes of VEGF -2578C/A, -2549I/D, -460T/C, +405C/G, -7C/T and +936C/T polymorphisms were significantly associated with breast cancer risk in North-West Indians. Further studies on multiethnic groups with larger sample size are required to confirm our results.
AMPlify: attentive deep learning model for discovery of novel antimicrobial peptides effective against WHO priority pathogens
Authors: Li Chenkai , Sutherland Darcy , Hammond S. Austin , Yang Chen , Taho Figali , Bergman Lauren , Houston Simon , Warren Rene , Wong Titus , Hoang Linda MN , Cameron Caroline , Helbing Caren , Birol Inanc 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a growing global health concern prompting researchers to seek alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are emerging therapeutic agents with promising utility in this domain and using in silico methods to discover novel AMPs is a strategy that is gaining interest. Such methods can filter through large volumes of candidate sequences and reduce lab screening costs. Here we introduce AMPlify, an attentive deep learning model for AMP prediction, and demonstrate its utility in prioritizing peptide sequences derived from the Rana [Lithobates] catesbeiana (bullfrog) genome. We tested the bioactivity of our predicted peptides against a panel of bacterial species, including representatives from the World Health Organization’s “priority pathogens” list. Four of our novel AMPs were active against multiple species of bacteria, including a multi-drug resistant isolate of carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli, demonstrating the utility of tools like AMPlify in our fight against antibiotic resistance.
Contrast Enhanced X-Ray Computed Tomography Imaging of Amyloid Plaques in Alzheimer Disease Rat Model on Lab Based Micro CT System
Authors: Kavkova Michaela , Zikmund Tomas , Kala Annu , Salplachta Jakub , Pena Stephanie Proskauer , Kaiser Josef , Jezek Karel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Amyloid plaques are small (~50 μm), highly-dense aggregates of amyloid beta (Aβ) protein in brain tissue, supposed to play a key role in pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Plaques´ in vivo detection, spatial distribution and quantitative characterization could be an essential marker in diagnostics and evaluation of AD progress. However, current imaging methods in clinics possess substantial limits in sensitivity towards Aβ plaques to play a considerable role in AD screening. Contrast enhanced X-ray micro computed tomography (micro CT) is an emerging highly sensitive imaging technique capable of high resolution visualization of rodent brain. In this study we show the absorption based contrast enhanced X-ray micro CT imaging is viable method for detection and 3D analysis of Aβ plaques in transgenic rodent models of Alzheimer’s disease. Using iodine contrasted brain tissue isolated from the Tg-F344-AD rat model we show the micro CT imaging is capable of precise imaging of Aβ plaques, making possible to further analyze various aspects of their 3D spatial distribution and other properties.