bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leitura e a construção de significados na escola: relato de uma experiência pedagógica
Authors: Dal Magro Doris Regina Mieth , Bottega Rita Maria Decarli 
Published: November 2020

A produção deste trabalho visa descrever uma experiência pedagógica baseada na leitura significativa de textos literários e refletir sobre os resultados obtidos. A aplicação ocorreu em uma turma de nono ano do Ensino Fundamental de um colégio público em Marechal Cândido Rondon (PR). Por meio dessa prática, pretende-se contribuir para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem da leitura visando a formação da criticidade dos estudantes por meio da extrapolação dos sentidos metafóricos expressos nos textos, expandindo-os para situações concretas do cotidiano retratadas em questões políticas, econômicas, sociais e culturais. A metodologia utilizada é a da pesquisa ação a fim de verificar como a mediação pedagógica, por meio da leitura, pode contribuir para o letramento social dos estudantes. Essa atividade faz parte da implementação do projeto pedagógico do Mestrado Profissional em Letras e situa-se no campo metodológico da Linguística Aplicada, aliada com os postulados teóricos descritos por Rojo (2012), Antunes (2013), Garcez (2012), Bortoni-Ricardo (2010), Bakhtin/Volochinov (2010), Geraldi (2015) e Riolfi (2014).Palavras-chave: Leitura, prática, letramento, mediação pedagógica.
Factors Associated with Mortality among Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Martins-Filho Paulo Ricardo , Antunes de Souza Araújo Adriano , Pereira Luciana Xavier , Quintans-Júnior Lucindo José , de Souza Barboza Waneska , Cavalcante Taise Ferreira , Feitosa de Souza Mércia , de Oliveira Góes Marco Aurélio , Santos Victor Santana 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTInformation on the risk factors for COVID-19 mortality in low- and middle-income countries is still scarce. In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed the factors associated with COVID-19 mortality in hospitalized patients in a poor area of Brazil. Logistic regression was used to identify factors independently associated with mortality, including gender, age, and the presence of underlying medical conditions. A total of 1,207 patients were included in the analysis, and a 1.5-fold increase in COVID-19 mortality was found among patients aged > 65 years with hypertension and diabetes (odds ratio [OR]: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.02–2.19). Moreover, infectious disease (OR: 4.31, 95% CI: 1.39–13.39), kidney disease (OR: 2.59, 95% CI: 1.27–5.27), and heart disease (OR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.31–3.04) were also predictive for COVID-19 in-hospital death. This large cohort provides important data on potential factors associated with COVID-19 mortality in Brazil.
Identification, antioxidant and cytotoxic potentials of casticin in Vitex agnus-castus fruit from different geographical regions of Turkey
Authors: Toplan Gizem Gulsoy , Ozkan Esra Eroglu , Taskın Turgut , Abudayyak Mahmoud , Mat Afife , Sarıyar Gunay 
Published: November 2020

Purpose: To evaluate the antioxidant and cytotoxic effects, and casticin contents of Vitex agnus-castus (VAC) fruit extract from five geographical regions of Turkey.Methods: Casticin determination in VAC fruit extracts was performed using HPLC-DAD method. The method was validated for linearity, sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy and precision. The methanol extracts of the VAC fruits were analyzed for antioxidant effects using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) radical scavenging capacity, metal-chelation capacity assay, radical cation scavenging capacity (ABTS•+), and total phenolic content. The cytotoxic potential of the extracts against NRK-52E and HeLa cells were determined using MTT and LDH assays.Results: The casticin content of the extracts ranged from 0.048 and 0.152 %. Total phenol content was in the range of 36.67 ± 0.7 to 74.20 ± 1.02 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 mg of extracts. High-tomoderate antioxidant properties were observed in the extracts. Cytotoxicity data demonstrated that all extracts showed high cytotoxic effects on HeLa cell line when compared to the NRK-52E cell line (p < 0.05).Conclusion: These results suggest that VAC fruits (Monk’s pepper fruits) from Aegean sea coasts have a potential for use in the preparation of phytopharmaceutical products.
Keywords: Vitex agnus-castus, Casticin, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic activity, Anticancer
Characterization and in vitro release study of artesunateloaded microparticles prepared using crosslinked-chitosan and its derivatives
Authors: Sari Retno , Feriza Meta Dian , Syarahil Amani , Miatmoko Andang , Setyawan Dwi 
Published: November 2020

Purpose: To determine the effect of crosslinking on the physical characteristics, recovery, and release of artesunate-loaded chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan microparticles.Methods: The artesunate microparticles were prepared by means of ionic gelation-spray drying methods involving the use of a crosslinking agent i.e. tripolyphosphate for chitosan and CaCl2 for carboxymethyl chitosan. The drug-polymer solution mixture was introduced into the crosslinker solution and stirred for two hours at 500 rpm prior to drying at a temperature of 100ºC, a pressure of 2 mbar and a flow speed of 6.0 mL/min. The resulting microparticles were subsequently evaluated for their morphology, physical state, drug content and in vitro drug release.Results: The results showed that the type of chitosan and crosslinking affected particle shape, surface roughness, drug recovery, and drug release. The artesunate microparticles prepared with cross-linked polymer demonstrated a lower encapsulation efficiency due to the barriers presented by the crosslinking agents. The use of carboxymethyl chitosan increased the release rate of the artesunate from the microparticles by up to 1.2 times (16.78 mg/ml.min½), while chitosan decreased it 0.7 times (9.12 mg/ml.min½) compared to artesunate alone (13.54 mg/ml.min½).Conclusion: The use of crosslinking agents and chitosan type affects the physical characteristics of artesunate in addition to its release rate from microparticles.
Keywords: Artesunate, Chitosan, Carboxymethyl chitosan, Crosslinking, Microparticle, Drug release
Amygdalin protects apoptosis of retinal ganglionic cells in glaucoma rats by regulating the expressions of anti- and pro-apoptotic proteins
Authors: Zeng Xiaoli , Hongbin Lv , Huang Xuewen 
Published: November 2020

Purpose: To evaluate the protective effect of amygdalin against glaucoma.Methods: Glaucoma was induced in rats via ischemia/reperfusion. The rats were treated with amygdalin (1 mg/kg) intraperitoneally (ip) for 5 weeks. Intra-ocular pressure (IOP), viability of retinal ganglion cell (RGCs) and histopathological changes in the retinal tissue of the glaucoma rats were determined. The expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and expressions of apoptotic factors were assessed in retinal tissues of all groups.Results: Intra-ocular pressure was reduced in amygdalin-treated group, when compared with the glaucoma group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the viability and thickness of RGCs in the amygdalin-treated group were enhanced, relative to untreated glaucoma rats. There was decrease in retinal cytokinelevels in amygdalin-treated group, when compared with untreated glaucoma rats. Amygdalin treatment ameliorated altered expressions of apoptosis proteins in the retinal tissue of ischemia/reperfusioninduced glaucoma rats.Conclusion: Amygdalin has a protective effect against ischemia/reperfusion-induced glaucoma in rats. Thus, it has a potential for use in the clinical management of glaucoma.
Keywords: Glaucoma, Amygdalin, Cytokines, Ischemia/reperfusion, Apoptosis
Presentación
Authors: Espezúa Salmón Boris Gilmar 
Published: November 2020

Uno de los grandes retos de la educación de éste milenio XXI, en nuestro país es el que va a tener que determinar un nuevo enfoque educativo en todos los niveles y por lo tanto tiene que ver con lograr alcanzar el gran objetivo: “De la formación de individuos críticos y creativos, generadores de nuevo conocimiento para la innovación y la tecnología”. Pero, también personas preparadas para la emancipación del conocimiento, para alcanzar mejorar nuestro país desde su autonomía, desde sus problemas esenciales, cruciales, y seculares en el tiempo.
A Decision‐making Support System for Automatically Determining the Route Priority of Vessels Entering/Exiting the Ports
Authors: Kao Sheng‐Long , Hsueh Chao‐Kuang , Chou Chien‐Chang , Yuan Tzu‐Yang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study developed a decision‐making support system (DMSS) for automatically determining the route priority of vessels entering/exiting the waters surrounding the port monitored by vessel traffic services (VTS). The developed DMSS was combined with marine geographic information systems (GIS), automatic identification systems (AIS), and fuzzy logic theory. The simulations of case studies for the ports of Keelung and Singapore were shown to illustrate the fitness of the developed DMSS. Based on the vessel information received/transmitted by AIS within the waters monitored by VTS, the developed DMSS can compute and output the route priority values for the captains on board and the operators in VTS stations as a point of reference. In other words, each ship in the waters surrounding the port can know the route priority for entering/exiting the port. The simulation results of case studies showed that the developed DMSS seems promising. The developed DMSS could be a useful tool in improving a port's navigation safety.
Optimal Budget Allocation to Improve Critical Infrastructure during Earthquakes
Authors: Edrisi Ali , Askari Moein 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article studies the integrated role of three infrastructure management agencies with responsibilities that span from pre‐disaster mitigation and preparedness actions to post‐disaster response operations during earthquakes. Each agency's actions are constrained by a given budget that is assigned to that agency by a master decision‐maker (the federal government). This article presents a bi‐level Stackelberg game where the master decision‐maker allocates a total budget between the agencies with the objective of minimizing the earthquake death toll. A meta‐heuristic particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to find the optimal solution of the Stackelberg game. Results show that in lower budgets, it is better to invest in the emergency response agency and the transportation agency. Furthermore, the results indicate that excessive investment in the transportation agency without adequate investment in the emergency response agency is inefficient.
Political Sophistication and Populist Party Support
Authors: Gallina Marta , Baudewyns Pierre , Lefevere Jonas 
Published: November 2020

Political Sophistication and Populist Party Support
In this article, we investigate the moderating role of political sophistication on the vote for populist parties in Belgium. Building on the literature about the diverse determinants of populist party support, we investigate whether issue considerations and populism-related motivations play a bigger role in the electoral calculus of politically sophisticated voters.Using data from the 2019 general elections in Belgium, we focus on the cases of Vlaams Belang (VB) and Parti du Travail de Belgique- Partij van de Arbeid (PTB-PVDA). We find evidence suggesting that political sophistication enhances the impact of populism-related motivations on populist party support, although the effects are contingent on the party. Moreover, we show that, for issue considerations, the moderation effect only comes into play for VB voters: the impact of anti-immigrant considerations is greater at increasing levels of political sophistication.
Sessrúmnir og seilende vindhester  Skip som konsept i førkristen, norrøn verdensforståelse
Authors: Havgar Margrethe K. H. 
Published: November 2020

Ships appear in several, varied contexts in the Viking Age. These contexts are in this article used to discuss the ship’s connection to overall pre-Christian, Norse mentality. Kennings such as byrjar drösla (sailing wind horse) shows the ship’s connection to horses, considered as independent agents able to cross between spheres. This, in particular, is discussed in connection to Freya’s hall Sessrúmnir, a hall which also appears on a list of ships in Skaldskaparmál. Based on the analyses presented in this article, it is argued that ships were connected to a complex, inference-based framework of understanding where they had several, varied identities and roles. Interpreting burial ships, such as the Oseberg ship, simply as burial homes or death vessels might therefore severely limit our present understanding of the multifaceted nature of the ship in pre-Christian, Norse mentality.
Composition spécifique, abondance saisonnière et influence des facteurs abiotiques chez les punaises à bouclier [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae] en champ de pois au Québec
Authors: Stirnemann Aurélien , Gagnon Annie-Ève , Labrie Geneviève , Lucas Éric 
Published: November 2020

L’augmentation récente des abondances et des aires de répartition des populations de Pentatomidae dans la zone néarctique a commencé à devenir problématique depuis 2013 dans la culture de pois frais au Québec, au Canada. Le manque de connaissance sur ces insectes et d’alternatives à la lutte chimique a conduit à des applications d’insecticides à large spectre dans ces champs. Les objectifs de cette étude visaient à établir la composition spécifique et la dynamique temporelle des Pentatomidae en champ de pois frais cultivés dans le sud du Québec. Pour ce faire, des suivis du nombre de captures par piège à phéromones d’agrégation et par observation visuelle ont été effectués en 2016-2017. La punaise brune (Euschistus servus euschistoides) représente l’espèce dominante (99,4 %) dans les champs de pois du Québec. Les pièges à phéromones capturent davantage d’individus lors des stades végétatifs et à la floraison que lors du stade fructification. Un plus grand nombre d’individus ont été capturés par les pièges à phéromones lorsque la température était plus élevée. Cette étude a permis de mettre en lumière la faible diversité de Pentatomidae dans les champs de pois, justifiant ainsi l’initiation d’un programme de lutte intégrée par un programme de suivi des ravageurs, l’établissement éventuel d’un seuil d’intervention, et le développement de solutions alternatives au traitement phytosanitaire actuel pour la gestion de cette espèce.
Stability Analysis of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes with High Grain Zinc in Five Different Locations of Eastern Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Singh S. K. , Behera Partha Pratim , Singh D. K. , Korada Mounika , Habde Sonali Vijay , Khaire Amrutlal 
Published: November 2020

Rice is a major energy source food crop and a staple food for more than half of the world’s population. The knowledge of mean performance and stability of high grain Zinc rice genotypes from a multi-location trial is a way to assess the genotypes so as to achieve food and nutritional security. The present research was conducted to study the stability of 21 high grain Zinc rice genotypes for thirteen yield and yield attributing traits in RCBD with 3 replications in five different locations of Eastern Uttar Pradesh using the Eberhart and Russell stability model. Based on the environmental index, Bhikaripur village is identified as the most favourable environment. The inspection of stability and ANOVA revealed that there were significant linear G x E interactions for most of the characters studied expect plant height, spikelet fertility % and total effective tiller number which implied that there were significant variations among the genotypes. The environment + (genotype x environment) was significant for most of the traits except grain L/B ratio representing specific nature of environments and G x E interaction in morphological expression. Based on the stability parameters none of the genotypes could be identified as stable for any traits over the five environments but, IR 97443-11-2-1-1-1-1 –B and Local check (HUR3022) showed stability for high yield in all the environments. The genotype, IR 97443-11-2-1-1-1-1 –B having stability for grain yield per ha with higher mean and short duration, is also stable for grain yield per plant, grain weight per panicle and spikelet fertility % and could be used as high yielding cultivar and can be used as a parent in future breeding programs. The genotype, IR 95044:8-B-5-22-19-GBS is having the highest grain Zinc content. High grain zinc with higher yield was reported in BRRIdhan 64 and it is stable for grain zinc content and can be used for Zinc bio-fortification breeding programs to minimize malnutrition to ensure food and nutritional security.
Elevated levels of extracellular vesicles in progranulin‐deficient mice and FTD‐GRN Patients
Authors: Arrant Andrew E. , Davis Skylar E. , Vollmer Rachael M. , Murchison Charles F. , Mobley James A. , Nana Alissa L. , Spina Salvatore , Grinberg Lea T. , Karydas Anna M. , Miller Bruce L. , Seeley William W. , Roberson Erik D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe goal of this study was to investigate the effect of progranulin insufficiency on extracellular vesicles (EVs), a heterogeneous population of vesicles that may contribute to progression of neurodegenerative disease. Loss‐of‐function mutations in progranulin (GRN) are a major cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and brains from GRN carriers with FTD (FTD‐GRN) exhibit signs of lysosomal dysfunction. Lysosomal dysfunction may induce compensatory increases in secretion of exosomes, EVs secreted from the endolysosomal system, so we hypothesized that progranulin insufficiency would increase EV levels in the brain.MethodsWe analyzed levels and protein contents of brain EVs from Grn–/– mice, which model the lysosomal abnormalities of FTD‐GRN patients. We then measured brain EVs in FTD‐GRN patients. To assess the relationship of EVs with symptomatic disease, we measured plasma EVs in presymptomatic and symptomatic GRN mutation carriers.ResultsGrn–/– mice had elevated brain EV levels and altered EV protein contents relative to wild‐type mice. These changes were age‐dependent, occurring only after the emergence of pathology in Grn–/– mice. FTD‐GRN patients (n = 13) had elevated brain EV levels relative to controls (n = 5). Symptomatic (n = 12), but not presymptomatic (n = 7), GRN carriers had elevated plasma EV levels relative to controls (n = 8).InterpretationThese data show that symptomatic FTD‐GRN patients have elevated levels of brain and plasma EVs, and that this effect is modeled in the brain of Grn–/– mice after the onset of pathology. This increase in EVs could influence FTD disease progression, and provides further support for EVs as potential FTD biomarkers.
“More is Different:” Synergistic Effect and Structural Engineering in Double‐Atom Catalysts
Authors: Ying Yiran , Luo Xin , Qiao Jinli , Huang Haitao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDouble‐atom catalysts (DACs) have emerged as a novel frontier in heterogeneous catalysis because the synergistic effect between adjacent active sites can promote their catalytic activity while maintaining high atomic utilization efficiency, good selectivity, and high stability originating from the atomically dispersed nature. In this review, the recent progress in both experimental and theoretical research on DACs for various catalytic reactions is focused. Specifically, the central tasks in the design of DACs—manipulating the synergistic effect and engineering atomic and electronic structures of catalysts—are systematically reviewed, along with the prevailing experimental, characterization, and computational modeling approaches. Furthermore, the practical applications of DACs in water splitting, oxygen reduction reaction, nitrogen reduction reaction, and carbon dioxide reduction reaction are addressed. Finally, the future challenges for DACs are summarized and an outlook on the further investigations of DACs toward heterogeneous catalysis in high‐performance energy and environmental applications is provided.
Is Viral Vector Gene Delivery More Effective Using Biomaterials?
Authors: Wang Yi , Bruggeman Kiara F. , Franks Stephanie , Gautam Vini , Hodgetts Stuart I. , Harvey Alan R. , Williams Richard J. , Nisbet David R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGene delivery has been extensively investigated for introducing foreign genetic material into cells to promote expression of therapeutic proteins or to silence relevant genes. This approach can regulate genetic or epigenetic disorders, offering an attractive alternative to pharmacological therapy or invasive protein delivery options. However, the exciting potential of viral gene therapy has yet to be fully realized, with a number of clinical trials failing to deliver optimal therapeutic outcomes. Reasons for this include difficulty in achieving localized delivery, and subsequently lower efficacy at the target site, as well as poor or inconsistent transduction efficiency. Thus, ongoing efforts are focused on improving local viral delivery and enhancing its efficiency. Recently, biomaterials have been exploited as an option for more controlled, targeted and programmable gene delivery. There is a growing body of literature demonstrating the efficacy of biomaterials and their potential advantages over other delivery strategies. This review explores current limitations of gene delivery and the progress of biomaterial‐mediated gene delivery. The combination of biomaterials and gene vectors holds the potential to surmount major challenges, including the uncontrolled release of viral vectors with random delivery duration, poorly localized viral delivery with associated off‐target effects, limited viral tropism, and immune safety concerns.
Coherent Electron Transport in Air‐Stable, Printed Single‐Crystal Organic Semiconductor and Application to Megahertz Transistors
Authors: Kumagai Shohei , Watanabe Shun , Ishii Hiroyuki , Isahaya Nobuaki , Yamamura Akifumi , Wakimoto Takahiro , Sato Hiroyasu , Yamano Akihito , Okamoto Toshihiro , Takeya Jun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOrganic semiconductors (OSCs) have attracted growing attention for optoelectronic applications such as field‐effect transistors (FETs), and coherent (or band‐like) carrier transport properties in OSC single crystals (SCs) have been of interest as they can lead to high carrier mobilities. Recently, such p‐type OSC SCs compatible with a printing technology have been used to achieve high‐speed FETs; therefore, developments of n‐type counterparts may be promising for realizing high‐speed complementary organic circuits. Herein, coherent electron transport properties in a printed SC of a state‐of‐the‐art, air‐stable n‐type OSC, PhC2−BQQDI, by means of variable‐temperature gated Hall effect measurements and X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction analyses in conjunction with band structure calculations, are reported. Furthermore, the SC FET is tested for high‐speed operations, which obtains a cutoff frequency of 4.3 MHz at an operation voltage of 20 V in air. Thus, PhC2−BQQDI is shown as a new candidate for practical applications of SC‐based, organic complementary devices.