bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stenting techniques for coronary bifurcation lesions: Evidence from a network meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Chiabrando Juan G. , Lombardi Marco , Vescovo Giovanni M. , Wohlford George F. , Koenig Rachel A. , Abbate Antonio , Guzmán Luis A. , Berrocal Daniel H. , Biondi‐Zoccai Giuseppe 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe conducted a systematic review and network meta‐analysis of available randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to compare cardiovascular outcomes involving stenting techniques in coronary bifurcation lesions.BackgroundAlthough provisional stenting of the main branch and balloon angioplasty of the side branch is considered the standard approach, the use of two stents is often pursued with a wide variety of bifurcation stenting techniques available.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Clinicaltrials.gov from inception to December 2018. We performed a frequentist network meta‐analysis to estimate relative risks (RR) of death, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), target vessel revascularization (TVR), target lesion revascularization (TLR), and stent thrombosis (ST) among different two stent bifurcation techniques.ResultsWe identified 14 studies, yielding data on 4,285 patients. Double Kissing (DK) Crush and Mini‐crush were associated with significant reductions in MACE, TVR, and TLR when compared with the Provisional stenting (RR 0.31–0.55 [allp < .01] and RR 0.42–0.45 [allp < .02], respectively) and with the remaining bifurcation techniques (RR 0.44–0.55 [allp < .05] for DK Crush and RR 0.37–0.45 [allp < .05] for Mini‐crush). In addition, Culotte and Crush were associated with an increased risk for ST compared to Provisional stenting (RR 3.25–4.27 [bothp < .05]) and to DK crush (RR 3.02–3.99 [bothp < .05]).ConclusionsDK crush and mini‐crush were found to be associated with fewer events and complications compared to the other techniques reviewed, including the Provisional approach. Further, Culotte and Crush were associated with an increased risk of stent thrombosis when compared to the Provisional approach.
Systematic Study on the Catalytic Arsa‐Wittig Reaction
Authors: Inaba Ryoto , Kawashima Ikuo , Fujii Toshiki , Yumura Takashi , Imoto Hiroaki , Naka Kensuke 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEfficient catalytic arsa‐Wittig reactions have been developed by using 1‐phenylarsolane as a catalyst. A wide array of aldehydes was converted to the corresponding olefins in high yields with moderate to excellent E stereoselectivity in the presence of a catalytic amount of 1‐phenylarsolane. Moreover, density functional theory calculations were carried out to afford insight into the E/Z selectivity.
Second‐Generation Meridianin Analogues Inhibit the Formation of Mycobacterium smegmatis Biofilms and Sensitize Polymyxin‐Resistant Gram‐Negative Bacteria to Colistin
Authors: Zeiler Michael J. , Melander Roberta J. , Melander Christian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDrug‐resistant bacteria are rapidly becoming a significant problem across the globe. One element that factors into this crisis is the role played by bacterial biofilms in the recalcitrance of some infections to the effects of conventional antibiotics. Bacteria within a biofilm are highly tolerant of both antibiotic treatment and host immune responses. Biofilms are implicated in many chronic infections, including tuberculosis, in which they can act as bacterial reservoirs, requiring an arduous antibiotic regimen to eradicate the infection. A separate, compounding problem is that antibiotics once seen as last‐resort drugs, such as the polymyxin colistin, are now seeing more frequent usage as resistance to front‐line drugs in Gram‐negative bacteria becomes more prevalent. The increased use of such antibiotics inevitably leads to an increased frequency of resistance. Drugs that inhibit biofilms and/or act as adjuvants to overcome resistance to existing antibiotics will potentially be an important component of future approaches to antibacterial treatment. We have previously demonstrated that analogues of the meridianin natural product family possess adjuvant and antibiofilm activities. In this study, we explore structural variation of the lead molecule from previous studies, and identify compounds showing both improved biofilm inhibition potency and synergy with colistin.
Molecular profiling and analysis of genetic aberrations aimed at identifying potential therapeutic targets in fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver
Authors: El Dika Imane , Bowman Anita S. , Berger Michael F. , Capanu Marinela , Chou Joanne F. , Benayed Ryma , Zehir Ahmet , Shia Jinru , O’Reilly Eileen M. , Klimstra David S. , Solit David B. , Abou‐Alfa Ghassan K. 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundFibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) is a rare primary liver cancer of young adults. A functional chimeric transcript resulting from the in‐frame fusion of the DNAJ homolog, subfamily B, member 1 (DNAJB1), and the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A (PRKACA) genes on chromosome 19 is believed to be unique in FLC, with a possible role in pathogenesis, yet with no established therapeutic value. The objective of the current study was to understand the molecular landscape of FLC and to identify potential novel therapeutic targets.MethodsArchival fresh, formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded samples from patients with FLC who prospectively consented to an institutional review board–approved protocol were analyzed using Memorial Sloan Kettering–Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets (MSK‐IMPACT), a next‐generation sequencing assay encompassing up to 468 key cancer genes. Custom targeted RNA‐Seq was performed in selected patients. Demographics, treatment, and outcome data were collected prospectively. Survival outcomes were estimated and correlated with mutation and/or copy number alterations.ResultsA total of 33 tumor samples from 31 patients with FLC were analyzed. The median age of the patients at the time of diagnosis was 18 years and approximately 53% were women. The DNAJB1‐PRKACA fusion transcript was detected in 100% of patients. In 10 of 31 patients in which MSK‐IMPACT did not detect the fusion, its presence was confirmed by targeted RNA‐Seq. TERT promoter mutation was the second most common, and was detected in 7 patients. The median follow up was 30 months (range, 6‐153 months). The 3‐year overall survival rate was 84% (95% CI, 61%‐93%).ConclusionsThe DNAJB1‐PRKACA fusion transcript is nonspecific and nonsensitive to FLC. Its potential therapeutic value currently is under evaluation. Opportunities currently are under development for therapy that may be driven or related to the DNAJB1‐PRKACA fusion transcript or any therapeutic target identified from next‐generation sequencing in patients with FLC.
Parallel solution of saddle point systems with nested iterative solvers based on the Golub‐Kahan Bidiagonalization
Authors: Kruse Carola , Sosonkina Masha , Arioli Mario , Tardieu Nicolas , Rüde Ulrich 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe Golub‐Kahan bidiagonalization is widely used in the singular value decomposition of rectangular matrices and has been generalized to an iterative solver for symmetric indefinite linear systems with a two‐by‐two block structure. In this work, we present a scalability study of this generalized solver as implemented in a recent release of the parallel numerical library PETSc (Portable, Extensible Toolkit for Scientific Computation). We present an improved solver performance for the two‐dimensional (2D) Stokes equations as compared to previous work. Furthermore, we investigate the performance of different parallel inner solvers in the outer Golub‐Kahan iteration for a three‐dimensional Stokes problem. The study includes parallel sparse direct solvers and multigrid methods. When increasing the number of cores for a fixed total problem size, the solver exhibits good speedups of up to 50% at the 1024 core count. For the tests in which the total problem size grows while the workload in each core stays constant, the parallel performance of the solver scales almost linearly with the increase in the core counts. In particular, the computation time increases only by about 15% when the number of cores increases from 80 to 1024 for a 2D test case.
Thermally Induced Structural Transition of Peptide Nanofibers into Nanoparticles with Enhanced Fluorescence Properties
Authors: Li Qing , Yang Xin , Zhang Liwei , Wang Yuefei , Kong Jia , Qi Wei , Liang Yaoyu , Su Rongxin , He Zhimin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA heating treatment method for the synthesis of fluorescent nanoparticles using simple N‐(9‐fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl) (Fmoc)‐protected tripeptides is reported. Two pairs of Fmoc‐protected tripeptides (Fmoc−FR1R2, R1=F or W, R2=H or Y) were designed by changing the amino acid sequences of the peptides. The peptides can self‐assemble into nanofibers at lower temperatures, which will spontaneously transform into fluorescent nanoparticles under heating treatment. Moreover, the fluorescence properties of the self‐assembled structures can be affected by changing amino acids in the middle of the tripeptide. Specifically, tryptophan (W) can promote fluorescence of the assemblies incubated at high temperatures. Thus, the temperatures and amino sequences of the Fmoc‐protected tripeptides have significant effects on the fluorescence of the assembled nanostructures. The results provide a design principle for self‐assembled fluorescent peptide nanostructures with potential biomedical applications.
Gas Sensors Based on Copper‐Containing Metal‐Organic Frameworks, Coordination Polymers, and Complexes
Authors: López‐Molino Jesús , Amo‐Ochoa Pilar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the last years, chemical research has allowed the obtainment of a large number of new sensing compounds useful in diverse interest areas related to health, environment, food, automotive, and steel industries, among others. Taking into account the interest and demand of sensors on a large scale and the urgent need to reduce the size of devices to nanometric scale, coordination compounds (CCs) ‐and more specifically those based on copper‐ have gained full acceptance. CCs present exciting characteristics such as (i) dynamic structures, (ii) ability to form an immense variety of porous structures, or (iii) easy nano processing. Besides, copper is abundant, and an essential ion in the human body with no high toxicity at reachable detectable concentrations. Just this one element copper allows us to obtain porous, non‐porous, optoelectronics, and/or magnetic‐sensitive compounds that can detect a highly varied range of gases in different devices at economical costs. Several studies show how the properties of this type of compounds can be improved depending on their synthesis conditions or by the technology used in the sensor fabrication.
Work‐hardening Photopolymer from Renewable Photoactive 3,3’‐(2,5‐Furandiyl)bisacrylic Acid
Authors: Lie Yann , Pellis Alessandro , Funes‐Ardoiz Ignacio , Sampedro Diego , Macquarrie Duncan J. , Farmer Thomas J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe design of a photopolymer around a renewable furan‐derived chromophore is presented herein. An optimised semi‐continuous oxidation method using MnO2 affords 2,5‐diformylfuran from 5‐(hydroxymethyl)furfural in gram quantities, allowing the subsequent synthesis of 3,3’‐(2,5‐furandiyl)bisacrylic acid in good yield and excellent stereoselectivity. The photoactivity of the diester of this monomer is confirmed by reaction under UV irradiation, and the proposed [2+2] cycloaddition mechanism supported further by TD‐DFT calculations. Oligoesters of the photoreactive furan diacid with various aliphatic diols are prepared via chemo‐ and enzyme‐catalysed polycondensation. The latter enzyme‐catalysed (Candida antarctica lipase B) method results in the highest Mn (3.6 kDa), suggesting milder conditions employed with this protocol minimised unwanted side reactions, including untimely [2+2] cycloadditions, whilst preserving the monomer's photoactivity and stereoisomerism. The photoreactive polyester is solvent cast into a film where subsequent initiator‐free UV curing leads to an impressive increase in the material stiffness, with work‐hardening characteristics observed during tensile strength testing.
Copolymerization of Mesoporous Styrene‐Bridged Organosilica Nanoparticles with Functional Monomers for the Stimuli‐Responsive Remediation of Water
Authors: Kollofrath Dennis , Geppert Marcel , Polarz Sebastian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFor every mass product, there are problems associated with the resulting waste. Residues of hormones in urine cannot be removed sufficiently from wastewater, and this has undesired consequences. An ideal adsorbent would take up the impurity, enable a simple separation and recyclability. Polymer colloids with high affinity towards the drug, accessible porosity, high surface area, and stimuli‐responsive properties would be candidates, but such a complex system does not exist. Here, porous vinyl‐functionalized organosilica nanoparticles prepared from a styrene bridged sol‐gel precursor act as monomers. Initiation of the polymerization at the pore walls and addition of functional monomers result in a special copolymer, which is covalently linked to the surface and covers it. An orthogonal modification of external surface was done by click attachment of a thermoresponsive polymer. The final core‐shell system is able to remove quantitatively hydrophobic molecules such as the hormone progesterone from water. A change of temperature closes the pores and induces the aggregation of the particles. After separation one can reopen the particles and recycle them.
Oxygen Doping in Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Huang Jiangnan , Wang Hongjuan , Yu Hao , Zhang Qiao , Cao Yonghai , Peng Feng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe incorporation of oxygenic groups could remarkably enhance the light absorption and charge separation of graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4). The intrinsic role of oxygenic species on photocatalytic activity in g‐C3N4 has been intensively studied, but it is still not fully explored. Herein, the essential relationships between oxygenic functionalities and the catalytic performance are revealed. Results demonstrate that C−O−C functionality as an electron trap could help to increase the resistance of conduction transfer (Rct) by limiting electrons transfer in CNx. In contrast, N−C−O functionality between different tri‐s‐triazine unites could promote the electrons transfer, leading to a reduced Rct in CNx. The best H2 production rate (3.70 mmol h−1 g−1, 12.76‐fold higher than that of CN) is obtained over CN3, because of the highest N−C−O ratio (rN−C−O). The apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of CN3 at 405 nm, 420 nm, 450 nm, 500 nm and 550 nm is 33.90 %, 20.88 %, 8.25 %, 3.66 % and 1.01 %, respectively.
A Robust and Highly Selective Catalytic System of Copper–Silica Nanocomposite and 1‐Butanol in Fructose Hydrogenation to Mannitol
Authors: Upare Pravin P. , Hwang Young Kyu , Kim Jin Chul , Lee Jeong Hyeon , Kwak Sang Kyu , Hwang Dong Won 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe report for the first time the selective production of mannitol, a low‐calorie sweetener and an important pharmaceutical ingredient, from fructose using Cu−SiO2 nanocomposite as catalyst and 1‐butanol as solvent. When compared with water and ethanol, a lower fructose solubility was achieved in 1‐butanol, which caused a lower fructose conversion and higher mannitol selectivity by reducing formation of side products. Among various Cu‐based catalysts in 1‐butanol, Cu(80)−SiO2 nanocomposite gave an unprecedented mannitol (83 %) and sorbitol (15 %) yield at 120 °C, 35 bar H2, and 10 h reaction time. More importantly, this catalyst did not show any Cu leaching and its physicochemical properties were maintained after liquid‐phase fructose hydrogenation whereas other Cu‐based catalysts such as Cu(32)−Cr2O and Cu(66)−ZnO did show significant leaching of Cu and Cr. Thus, Cu(80)−SiO2 nanocomposite and 1‐butanol are regarded as a robust and highly efficient catalytic system for the selective hydrogenation of fructose to mannitol. Also, density functional theory calculations supported that in addition to the stable initial structure of adsorbed fructose, the mannitol pathway was more thermodynamically favorable than the sorbitol pathway. Notably, the highly pure mannitol (99 %) could be recovered from the sorbitol‐containing 1‐butanol solution by simple filtration. Therefore, the present protocol is a novel and effective method to produce pure mannitol from fructose in both an environmental and an industrial context.
Quantifying the dynamic nature of vagal responsivity in infancy: Methodological innovations and theoretical implications
Authors: Somers Jennifer A. , Curci Sarah G. , Luecken Linda J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAccording to polyvagal theory, rapid modulation of the vagal brake develops early in infancy and supports social interactions. Despite being viewed as a dynamic system, researchers typically assess vagal regulation using global measures of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA; an index of vagal tone). This study sought to capture the dynamic property of RSA and evaluate individual differences in within‐infant RSA responsivity during mother–infant interaction. RSA was evaluated in a sample of 135 6‐month‐old Mexican‐American infants during a 5‐min free play task. Mothers reported on their children's behavioral problems and competence at 18 months using the Brief Infant‐Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment. Time‐varying estimates of infant RSA during the interaction were obtained using a multiple window technique and spectrogram analysis. Using structural equation modeling, we evaluated whether within‐infant SD of RSA predicted infants’ behavioral problems and competence at 18 months, after adjusting for infants’ mean RSA and covariates. Greater within‐infant SD of RSA predicted more behavior problems at 18 months. This study demonstrates that assessing intra‐individual variability in RSA, or the extent to which infants fluctuate around their average level of RSA during a task, enhances our ability to test polyvagal theory's central tenet: vagal regulation supports well‐regulated social interaction.
Enzymatically stable analogue of the gut‐derived peptide xenin on beta‐cell transdifferentiation in high fat fed and insulin‐deficient Ins1Cre/+;Rosa26‐eYFP mice
Authors: Tanday Neil , Moffett R. Charlotte , Gault Victor A. , Flatt Peter R. , Irwin Nigel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe antidiabetic effects of the gut hormone xenin include augmenting insulin secretion and positively affecting pancreatic islet architecture.MethodsThe current study has further probed pancreatic effects through sub‐chronic administration of the long‐acting xenin analogue, xenin‐25[Lys13PAL], in both high fat fed (HFF) and streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced insulin‐deficient Ins1Cre/+;Rosa26‐eYFP transgenic mice. Parallel effects on metabolic control and pancreatic islet morphology, including islet beta‐cell lineage tracing were also assessed.ResultsXenin‐25[Lys13PAL] treatment reversed body weight loss induced by STZ, increased plasma insulin and decreased blood glucose levels. There were less obvious effects on these parameters in HFF mice, but all xenin‐25[Lys13PAL] treated mice exhibited decreased pancreatic alpha‐cell areas and circulating glucagon. Xenin‐25[Lys13PAL] treatment fully, or partially, returned overall islet and beta‐cell areas in STZ‐ and HFF mice to those of lean control animals, respectively, and was consistently associated with decreased beta‐cell apoptosis. Interestingly, xenin‐25[Lys13PAL] also increased beta‐cell proliferation and decreased alpha‐cell apoptosis in STZ mice, with reduced alpha‐cell growth noted in HFF mice. Lineage tracing studies revealed that xenin‐25[Lys13PAL] reduced the number of insulin positive pancreatic islet cells that lost their beta‐cell identity, in keeping with a decreased transition of insulin positive to glucagon positive cells. These beneficial effects on islet cell differentiation were linked to maintained expression of Pdx1 within beta‐cells. Xenin‐25[Lys13PAL] treatment was also associated with increased numbers of smaller sized islets in both models.ConclusionsBenefits of xenin‐25[Lys13PAL] on diabetes includes positive modulation of islet cell differentiation, in addition to promoting beta‐cell growth and survival.
Travel with your kin ship! Insights from genetic sibship among settlers of a coral damselfish
Authors: Robitzch Vanessa , Saenz‐Agudelo Pablo , Berumen Michael L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCoral reef fish larvae are tiny, exceedingly numerous, and hard to track. They are also highly capable, equipped with swimming and sensory abilities that may influence their dispersal trajectories. Despite the importance of larval input to the dynamics of a population, we remain reliant on indirect insights to the processes influencing larval behavior and transport. Here, we used genetic data (300 independent single nucleotide polymorphisms) derived from a light trap sample of a single recruitment event of Dascyllus abudafur in the Red Sea (N = 168 settlers). We analyzed the genetic composition of the larvae and assessed whether kinship among these was significantly different from random as evidence for cohesive dispersal during the larval phase. We used Monte Carlo simulations of similar‐sized recruitment cohorts to compare the expected kinship composition relative to our empirical data. The high number of siblings within the empirical cohort strongly suggests cohesive dispersal among larvae. This work highlights the utility of kinship analysis as a means of inferring dynamics during the pelagic larval phase.
Freeze‐assisted Tape Casting of Vertically Aligned MXene Films for High Rate Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Yang Wenji , Byun Jae Jong , Yang Jie , Moissinac Francis Peter , Peng Yudong , Tontini Gustavo , Dryfe Robert A. W. , Barg Suelen 
Published: July 2020

Conventional electrode preparation techniques of supercapacitors such as tape casting or vacuum filtration often lead to the restacking or agglomeration of two‐dimensional (2D) materials. As a result, tortuous paths are created for the electrolyte ions and their adsorption onto the surfaces of the active materials can be prevented. Consequently, maintaining high rate performance while increasing the thickness of electrodes has been a challenge. Herein, a facile freeze‐assisted tape‐casting (FaTC) method is reported for the scalable fabrication of flexible MXene (Ti3C2Tx) supercapacitor electrode films of up to 700 μm thickness, exhibiting homogeneous ice‐template microstructure composed of vertically aligned MXene walls within lamellar pores. The efficient ion transport created by the internal morphology allows for fast electrochemical charge–discharge cycles and near thickness‐independent performance at up to 3000 mV s−1 for films of up to 300 μm in thickness. By increasing the scan rate from 20 to 10,000 mV s−1, Ti3C2Tx films of 150 μm in thickness sustain 50% of its specific capacitance (222.9 F g−1). When the film thickness is doubled to 300 μm, its capacitance is still retained by 60 % (at 213.3 F g−1) when the scan rate is increased from 20 to 3000 mV s−1, with a capacitance retention above 97.7% for over 14,000 cycles at 10 A g−1. They also showed a remarkably high gravimetric and areal power density of 150 kW kg−1 at 1000 A g−1 and 667 mW cm−2 at 4444 mA cm−2, respectively. FaTC has the potential to provide industry with a viable way to fabricate electrodes formed from 2D materials on a large scale, while providing promising performance for use in a wide range of applications, such as flexible electronics and wearable energy storage devices.