bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thoracolumbar Fractures Due to Speed-Humps: A Case Series of Spine Fractures from an Atypical Cause of Injury
Authors: Amorim Rogério P. , Henriques Vinícius M. , Santos Lucas L. , Vasconcelos Fernando A. , Schmidt Alexandre M. , Torrão Francisco L. , Junqueira Hebert S. , Moreira Carlos A. S. , Reis Vinícius G. , Guedes Fernando 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis retrospective case series investigates thoracolumbar fractures resulting from speed humps during bus travel in Rio de Janeiro. The study encompasses 19 patients who experienced such fractures between 2013 and 2021 without collision events. Factors examined included demographics, injury specifics, management strategies, and outcomes. The study aims to elucidate the prevalence, characteristics, and treatment of these injuries. Analyses were conducted using clinical evaluations, AOSpine classification, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain, and TL AOSpine Injury Score (TL AOSIS). Surgical and non-surgical interventions were compared, highlighting the need for strict traffic regulations and preventive measures to mitigate such accidents. Results reveal a predominance of fractures in women, with a mean age of 61.26 years, and an emphasis on L1 vertebra involvement. Surgical intervention was required in over 50% of cases, demonstrating favorable outcomes. However, limitations due to the study's retrospective nature and the tertiary care setting were acknowledged. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of preventive measures, such as stricter traffic regulations, mandatory seatbelt use in public transportation, and enhanced speed-hump safety measures to curtail these accidents and subsequent injuries.
Assessment of the Aesthetic Proportions of the Anterior Maxillary Teeth among Dental Libyan Students: An Observational Study
Authors: Ganeiber Tayisir , Bugaighis Iman 
Published: December 2024

Background Dental aesthetics and attractive, harmonious smiles contribute significantly to patients' decisions regarding treatment preference.
Aims This article investigates the existence and suitability of golden proportion, golden percentage, and recurring aesthetic dental (RED) proportion in Libyan dental students with natural dentition.
Methods This prospective cross-sectional observational study comprised 73 Libyan dental students who met the inclusion criteria (34.2% males and 65.8% females with a mean age of 25 ± 3.0 years). A photograph of the six anterior maxillary teeth was taken for each participant, and the apparent width of each was extracted digitally. Subsequently, the golden proportion, golden ratio, and the RED ratio were computed and compared with their corresponding standard notions. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed at p < 0.05.
Results There were no significant sex differences for all variables. Therefore, the data was pooled together for further analysis. The Libyan golden proportion differed significantly from their corresponding standard values at p < 0.05. A similar significant discrepancy was observed in the golden percentage except for the maxillary left lateral incisors (p = 0.206). Furthermore, the mean values of the RED proportion were not constant, and the mean ratio increased moving distally, which did not align with the standard RED proportions.
Conclusion The proposed golden proportions, golden percentage, and RED rations were not pertinent to our cohort of Libyan dental students. Anterior tooth proportions vary among populations according to their ethnicity and geographic background. Therefore, proportions should be utilized based on the same population and ethnicity.
A modelling method for overvoltage and overload fault propagation in distribution cyber-physical systems
Authors: Wang Baoli , Luan Jingzhao , Yang Chao , Kang Xinran , Liu Lin , Sun Guan , Shan Xiaochen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The introduction of communication networks in modern power systems also brings new security issues into traditional power grids. Compared with cascading failures in a single power network, the analysis of cascading failures in information-physical coupling networks is more complex. To analyze the complex cyber-physical coupling network cascading faults, this paper proposes a multi-layer distribution network cyber-physical system. Based on this model, the possible impact on the communication side nodes after overvoltage and overload faults occur on the physical side distribution network is analyzed, forming a cyber-physical-cyber cascading fault propagation analysis method.
Rock mass quality in the study area of Cijurey dam diversion tunnel, Bogor Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Prasetya Yoga , Setiawan Hendy , Hendrayana Heru 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study investigated the rock mass quality in the diversion tunnel of the Cijurey Dam through a detailed case study. Detailed examinations of the geological conditions were carried out on the surface and subsurface of the designated area, including residual soil, sandstone, carbonate sandstone, and carbonate mudstone layer. The method of this study is based on the classification of the Rock Mass Rating (RMR) and Geological Strength Index (GSI). RMR was the basis for determining the strength of rock masses in the form of shear strength of discontinuity surfaces, which depends on several factors such as distance, orientation, continuity, surface characteristics, separation, thickness, and nature of the filling material, while GSI was related to the level of fractures and surface conditions of discontinuities (9). The study area consists of three types of rock mass classes, namely poor to fair-quality sandstone with an RMR range between (41-60), poor to fair-quality carbonate mudstone with an RMR range between (37-63), and fair to good-quality carbonate sandstone with an RMR range between (60-63). Equations were derived to express this correlation GSI = 1.9845RMR-41.039 (R2=0.939), which had similarities with the linear line of the empirical equation of Wijaya et al. (27). Further analysis was needed, including the evaluation of the slope stability of the portal, the determination of the excavation methodology, and the formulation of the tunnel support system based on the rock mass characterization results obtained from this study.
Sustainable Water Management in Urban Areas through Smart Water Circulation Systems
Authors: Hidayat Riechard Daltone Xaverioez , Kurniawan Allen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Urbanization is a significant global trend that profoundly impacts water security. By mid-century, a large majority of the global population is expected to reside in urban areas, intensifying challenges related to water scarcity. The International Water Management Institute forecasts that most of the world’s population encounters physical and economic water shortages. In response to these challenges, the potential of recycled water is increasingly being recognized, with global capacity for water reuse projected to rise significantly over the coming years. Implementing smart water circulation systems in urban environments is essential for maintaining water balance and enhancing water use efficiency. This approach involves the integration of diverse recycling technologies with smart water networks, allowing for real-time monitoring and optimization of water resources. Initial applications of these systems in parks and other urban spaces provide valuable opportunities for testing and evaluation. The present study aims to develop a comprehensive concept for smart water circulation systems by analyzing various water treatment technologies, assessing their practical applications in urban settings, and creating frameworks for effective implementation. Through empirical analysis and case studies, this research offers practical insights for policymakers and urban planners to address the pressing challenges of water scarcity, thereby contributing to sustainable water use and improved water security in urban areas.
Analysis of PM10 Concentration Distribution at IPB Dramaga Campus
Authors: Nurekawati Lisma , Pribadi Andik , Putra Heriansyah 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Particulate Matter (PM10) are very small particles with a diameter of 10 micrometers or less so they are described as inhalable dust which can have a negative impact on human health and the environment if it exceeds quality standards. PM10 concentrations needs to be controlled, especially in areas where there are a lot of living creature activities. IPB Dramaga Campus is the main campus of IPB University so there are many activities on this campus. Therefore, analysis of PM10 concentration distribution in IPB Dramaga Campus needs to be done. PM10 concentration was measured using the Airmonitor CCROM-SEAP and Air Quality Detector Dienmern which has been calibrated with standard measuring instruments High Volume Air Sampler (HVAS). The correction factor for the HVAS calibration results with Airmonitor CCROM-SEAP is 0.78, while the correction factor for the HVAS calibration results with Air Quality Detector Dienmern is 0.82. Then, PM10 measurements and vehicles counting were carried out in the field for 4 days. This PM10 measurement value in the field is multiplied by a correction factor to show the PM10 concentration which is more accurate. PM10 concentration measurement results in the field directly proportional to vehicles counting, where the higher the number of vehicles the higher PM10 concentration in the field. The R2 value of PM10 concentration measurement and vehicles number is 0.8255, so the accuracy test is in the strong category. This research showed the distribution of PM10 in IPB Dramaga Campus and its strong correlation with the vehicles count.
Spatial-temporal imaging electronic dynamics in few-layer graphene
Authors: Zhang Hongyun , Qin Yulu , Sheng Tianshuang , Zhong Haoyuan , Cai Xuanxi , Lin Tianyun , Bao Changhua , Wang Rui , Lu Guowei , Gong Qihuang , Duan Wenhui , Liu Yunquan , Zhou Shuyun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Revealing the ultrafast carrier dynamics with spatial, energy and time resolution is critical for achieving a comprehensive understanding of the ultrafast electronic dynamics of two-dimensional (2D) materials and heterostructures. Here, by time-resolved photoemission electron microscopy (Tr-PEEM) measurements, we reveal the layer-dependent ultrafast electronic dynamics of monolayer (1 ML), bilayer (2 ML), 4 ML graphene as well as bulk graphite. In contrast to 2 ML and thicker graphene, photo-excited electrons in 1 ML graphene relax much faster, which is attributed to the unique massless linear Dirac cone dispersion, allowing electrons to relax by continuously emitting phonons. Moreover, transient photoelectron redistribution shows an energy shift between 1 ML and 2 ML graphene, highlighting the critical role of the bandgap in 2 ML graphene on the carrier relaxation dynamics. Our work demonstrates the power of Tr-PEEM in revealing the ultrafast dynamics of 2D materials and heterostructures with spatial-temporal information, and provides information for the layer-dependent ultrafast relaxation dynamics in few-layer graphene.
Correlated states in super-moiré materials with a kernel polynomial quantics tensor cross interpolation algorithm
Authors: Fumega Adolfo O , Niedermeier Marcel , Lado Jose L 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Super-moiré materials represent a novel playground to engineer states of matter beyond the possibilities of conventional moiré materials. However, from the computational point of view, understanding correlated matter in these systems requires solving models with several millions of atoms, a formidable task for state-of-the-art methods. Conventional wavefunction methods for correlated matter scale with a cubic power with the number of sites, a major challenge for super-moiré materials. Here, we introduce a methodology capable of solving correlated states in super-moiré materials by combining a kernel polynomial method with a quantics tensor cross interpolation matrix product state algorithm. This strategy leverages a mapping of the super-moiré structure to a many-body Hilbert space, that is efficiently sampled with tensor cross interpolation with matrix product states, where individual evaluations are performed with a Chebyshev kernel polynomial algorithm. We demonstrate this approach with interacting super-moiré systems with up to several millions of atoms, showing its ability to capture correlated states in moiré-of-moiré systems and domain walls between different moiré systems. Our manuscript puts forward a widely applicable methodology to study correlated matter in ultra-long length scales, enabling rationalizing correlated super-moiré phenomena.
Exploring the role of Germanium on the optoelectronic and thermoelectric response in making ductile lead-free perovskite halide using DFT
Authors: Mumtaz Umair , Kiran Saira , Ahmad Sarfraz , Hussain Fayyaz , Rouf Syed Awais , Khalil R M A , Alam Manawwer , Wahab Rizwan , Ehsan Muhammad Fahad 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The structural instability observed owing to Sn2+ and the toxic effects of lead has prohibited the commercial use of all inorganic CsPb1-xSnxBr3 for optoelectronic memory device applications. In this work, we have inspected the structural, mechanical, electronic, optical, and thermoelectric response of all inorganic halide perovskite CsPb1-xGexBr3 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1) to overcome the stability and toxicity of this optoelectronic resistive switching material using the full-potential linearized augmented-plane wave (FP-LAPW) method grounded on density functional theory (DFT). Tran–Blaha-modified Becky-Johnson (TB-mBJ) approximation is used for the self-consistent field (SCF) calculations of considered halide perovskite CsPb1-xGexBr3. It is clear from the band structure that all compounds are semiconductors in nature. Moreover, the bandgap decreased with the increase in the concentration of Germanium (Ge) causing the bandgap tuning. The overall absorption of incident radiations increased and energy loss decreased with the increase in doping concentration, especially in the visible region. The thermoelectric properties have also been studied by using the BoltzTraP2 code. All the results computed physical properties confirmed the feasibility of these all-inorganic materials for their use in the fabrication of ductile, optical resistive switching memory RRAM devices.
Modeling and design of architected structures and metamaterials assisted with artificial intelligence
Authors: Mora Angel , Herrera-Ramos Gustavo , Ramirez-Gutierrez Diana L , Sanchez-Ante Gildardo , Batres Rafael , Roman-Flores Armando , Fuentes-Aguilar Rita Q , Molina Arturo , Cuan-Urquizo Enrique 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Architected structures and metamaterials have attracted the attention of scientists and engineers due to the contrast in behavior compared to the base material they are made from. This interest within the scientific and engineering community has lead to the use of computational tools to accelerate the design, optimization, and discovery of architected structures and metamaterials. A computational tool that has gained popularity in recent years is artificial intelligence (AI). There are several AI algorithms and as many have been used in the field of architected structures and metamaterials. AI has been used for different objectives and with different degrees of success. Then, in this review we identify the different AI used to study architected structures and metamaterials, identify the purpose of using the AI, and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, trends in the usage of AI and particular architected structures and metamaterials are identified. Finally, perspectives regarding new directions and areas of opportunity for the use of AI in the study of architected structures and metamaterials are presented.
GALIC: hybrid multi-qubitwise pauli grouping for quantum computing measurement
Authors: Burns Matthew X , Liu Chenxu , Stein Samuel , Peng Bo , Kowalski Karol , Li Ang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Observable estimation is a core primitive in NISQ-era algorithms targeting quantum chemistry applications. To reduce the state preparation overhead required for accurate estimation, recent works have proposed various simultaneous measurement schemes to lower estimator variance. Two primary grouping schemes have been proposed: full commutativity (FC) and qubit-wise commutativity (QWC), with no compelling means of interpolation. In this work we propose a generalized framework for designing and analyzing context-aware hybrid FC/QWC commutativity relations. We use our framework to propose a noise-and-connectivity aware grouping strategy: Generalized backend-Aware pauLI Commutation (GALIC). We demonstrate how GALIC interpolates between FC and QWC, maintaining estimator accuracy in Hamiltonian estimation while lowering variance by an average of 20% compared to QWC. We also explore the design space of near-term quantum devices using the GALIC framework, specifically comparing device noise levels and connectivity. We find that error suppression has a more than 10 × larger impact on device-aware estimator variance than qubit connectivity with even larger correlation differences in estimator biases.
Advantage distillation for quantum key distribution
Authors: Du Zhenyu , Liu Guoding , Zhang Xingjian , Ma Xiongfeng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Quantum key distribution promises information-theoretically secure communication, with data post-processing playing a vital role in extracting secure keys from raw data. While hardware advancements have significantly improved practical implementations, optimizing post-processing techniques offers a cost-effective avenue to enhance performance. Advantage distillation, which extends beyond standard information reconciliation and privacy amplification, has proven instrumental in various post-processing methods. However, the optimal post-processing remains an open question. Therefore, it is important to develop a comprehensive framework to encapsulate and enhance these existing methods. In this work, we propose an advantage distillation framework for quantum key distribution, generalizing and unifying existing key distillation protocols. Inspired by entanglement distillation, our framework not only integrates current techniques but also improves upon them. Notably, by employing classical linear codes, we achieve higher key rates, particularly in scenarios where one-time pad encryption is not used for post-processing. Our approach provides insights into existing protocols and offers a systematic way for further enhancements in quantum key distribution.
Tracking Down the Tractarian Laity
Authors: King Benjamin J 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Around the middle of the nineteenth century, there were estimated to be 200,000 lay Tractarians among the 5 million Anglican churchgoers in Britain and Ireland. The chapter employs four ways of tracking them down until the year 1880: building projects, attendance at specific parish churches, membership of societies, and publications. Although this chapter will show that lay Tractarians were many, it will frequently focus first on the few, namely the politicians who were prominent laymen within the Established Church. The effect of Newman’s conversion and of the repeal of the Corn Laws led some of these politicians to start the Guardian newspaper to propagate Tractarianism to an educated laity. This continued a pattern in which nearly half of the Tracts for the Times were addressed to the people (‘ad populum’).
Ecclesiology and Church Establishment
Authors: King Benjamin J 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter argues that beginning with the ‘Church-State Crisis’, which culminated for them in the Irish Church Temporalities Act of 1833, the Tractarians conceived of the lay person coming in two types: either the faithful (fidelis) communicant who received the Eucharist, or the lay citizen (civis) whose involvement in spiritual matters in parliament they deemed Erastian. The argument is developed in three stages. First is an exposition of the Tractarians’ view of the role of the Civil Power in spiritual matters and spiritual discipline in the Church of England, particularly their theology drawing upon the Church Fathers including Cyprian. Second is their response to the Gorham Judgement in the 1850s, demanding the revival (and, in some cases, reform) of Convocation. Third is the ‘Ritualist Controversy’ of the 1860s and 1870s, during which certain Ritualists, who once aligned with Tractarians, sought disestablishment of the Church; the Tractarians did not want disestablishment but rather that the laity of parliament, the judiciary, and the Crown be answerable to the Church’s teachings on doctrine and discipline, so that holiness would prevail.
Episcopacy and Empire
Authors: King Benjamin J 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter concerns the Tractarians’ impact on Anglicanism in the British Empire. It begins with their theology of monarchical episcopacy, which High-Church bishops in the incipient Anglican Communion adapted into a form of constitutional episcopacy by founding synods of bishops, clergy, and laity. Many based their synods on the conventions of the Episcopal Church in the USA, although the difficulty with which that was done will be shown to depend on particular conditions within Australia, Canada, the West Indies, Southern Africa, and Hawaii. Primary sources reveal the theology of the laity held by participants in the Australian bishops’ conference as well as by the young ‘Puseyite’ Robert Cecil (Lord Salisbury). The chapter also considers the involvement of the metropole’s lay Tractarians in colonial affairs, revealing the contradiction at the heart of this chapter that those who wanted to free the colonial Church from ‘enslavement’ to the imperial parliament by means of synods, took away the freedom of the lay people they colonized even as they invited some indigenes to join synods. It will be argued that the catholic Anglican view of colonization was different from that of liberal Anglicans such as J. W. Colenso.
SuperSpot: coarse graining spatial transcriptomics data into metaspots
Authors: Teleman Matei , Gabriel Aurélie A G , Hérault Léonard , Gfeller David 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Summary
Spatial Transcriptomics is revolutionizing our ability to phenotypically characterize complex biological tissues and decipher cellular niches. With current technologies such as VisiumHD, thousands of genes can be detected across millions of spots (also called cells or bins depending on the technologies). Building upon the metacell concept, we present a workflow, called SuperSpot, to combine adjacent and transcriptomically similar spots into “metaspots”. The process involves representing spots as nodes in a graph with edges connecting spots in spatial proximity and edge weights representing transcriptomic similarity. Hierarchical clustering is used to aggregate spots into metaspots at a user-defined resolution. We demonstrate that metaspots reduce the size and sparsity of spatial transcriptomic data and facilitate the analysis of large datasets generated with the most recent technologies.

Availability and implementation
SuperSpot is an R package available at https://github.com/GfellerLab/SuperSpot and archived on Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14222088). The code to reproduce the figures is available at https://github.com/GfellerLab/SuperSpot/tree/main/figures (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14222088).