bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Wag the Dog” initiatives and the corporate immune system
Authors: Schweizer Roger , Lagerström Katarina 
Published: January 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to contribute to the subsidiary initiative literature by studying the interaction between a headquarters and its subsidiary during an initiative process that has the potential to “wag the corporate dog” that is, for the global corporation’s promising subsidiary initiative in a strategically important emerging market to question the corporation’s prevailing schemata.Design/methodology/approachThe longitudinal single case study draws on evidence from the Indian subsidiary of Swedish Volvo Bus and its efforts to introduce a value product in India.FindingsThe study argues that wag the dog initiatives provoke the corporate immune system independent of the initiative’s potential and the subsidiary’s autonomy and legitimacy. If the idea behind the wag the dog initiative is perceived as strategically important for the multinational corporation, then the corporate immune system tries to engulf – most likely unsuccessfully – the idea within the prevailing schemata. Failed attempts to engulf the initiative weaken the corporate immune system temporarily, thereby opening the organization to revitalization of the original initiative. Resistance, even though weakened, from the corporate immune system continues to exist.Practical implicationsSubsidiary managers need to avoid having their headquarters perceive an initiative as a wag the dog initiative by balancing their need to sell persistently the initiative with avoiding negative attention.Originality/valueThis study is a pioneer in explaining how the corporate immune system reacts towards wag the dog initiatives taken from subsidiaries in large emerging markets.
Chronic prurigo: A retrospective study of 168 cases
Authors: Inui Keiko , Ugajin Tsukasa , Namiki Takeshi , Yokozeki Hiroo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractChronic prurigo is classified into two clinical subtypes: prurigo nodularis (PN) and prurigo chronica multiformis (PCM) in Japan. In this study, we retrospectively investigated the clinical features of 168 patients with chronic prurigo (103 with PN and 65 with PCM) diagnosed at the Tokyo Medical and Dental University, and compared age, sex, prevalence of comorbidities, blood test results, histology and treatment efficacy in both groups. We found that patients with PCM were significantly older than those with PN. Males were more frequently diagnosed with PCM than females; however, both sexes were similarly affected by PN. Chronic infection was more prevalent in PN, whereas diabetes was more common in PCM. For both subtypes, serum immunoglobulin E levels were elevated above the normal range. However, serum thymus and activation‐regulated chemokine/CCL17 levels and the number of blood eosinophils were significantly higher in patients with PCM than in those with PN. Histologically, much higher numbers of CD4+cells than CD8+cells were distributed in the lesions of both subtypes. Eosinophils were distributed predominantly in intracollagenous lesions in PCM but were observed mainly in perivascular lesions in PN. There were no differences in basophil and mast cell distributions in the lesions of the two groups. Treatment efficacy was also similar in both subtypes. Together, both subtypes exhibit inflammation patterns predominantly driven by T‐helper 2 cells. With respect to PCM, elevated numbers of blood eosinophils and the recruitment of these cells into intracollagenous areas may be important for pathogenesis.
Successful treatment of psoriatic arthritis and comorbid annular atrophic lichen planus with etanercept
Authors: Niebel Dennis , Wilsmann‐Theis Dagmar , Wenzel Joerg 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPsoriasis vulgaris and lichen planus are distinct T‐cell‐driven inflammatory skin diseases. Both present in a variety of clinical subtypes. Mucosal or nail involvement may be present. Here, we report the rare concomitant clinical presentation of psoriatic arthritis and annular atrophic lichen planus on the trunk of a 52‐year‐old male patient. Treatment with sulfasalazine failed to control inflammatory activity; methotrexate and leflunomide were ceased due to side‐effects. After confirmation of both diagnoses, we initiated a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α‐directed therapy with the fusion protein etanercept resulting in significant improvement of both conditions. This case report aims to highlight the rare colocalization of psoriasis and lichen planus, the rare entity of annular atrophic lichen planus, and to discuss a possible beneficial impact of certain TNF‐α inhibitors on subtypes of lichen planus.
Mediterranean marine protected areas have higher biodiversity via increased evenness, not abundance
Authors: Blowes Shane A. , Chase Jonathan M. , Di Franco Antonio , Frid Ori , Gotelli Nicholas J. , Guidetti Paolo , Knight Tiffany M. , May Felix , McGlinn Daniel J. , Micheli Fiorenza , Sala Enric , Belmaker Jonathan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Protected areas are central to biodiversity conservation. For marine fish, marine protected areas (MPAs) often harbour more individuals, especially of species targeted by fisheries. But precise pathways of biodiversity change remain unclear. For example, how local‐scale responses combine to affect regional biodiversity, important for managing spatial networks of MPAs, is not well known. Protection potentially influences three components of fish assemblages that determine how species accumulate with sampling effort and spatial scale: the total number of individuals, the relative abundance of species and within‐species aggregation. Here, we examined the contributions of each component to species richness changes inside MPAs as a function of spatial scale.

Using standardized underwater visual survey data, we measured the abundance and species richness of reef fishes in 43 protected and 41 fished sites in the Mediterranean Sea.

At both local and regional scales, increased species evenness caused by added common species in MPAs compared to fished sites was the most important proximate driver of higher diversity.

Site‐to‐site variation in the composition (i.e. β‐diversity) of common species was also higher among protected sites, and depended on sensitivity to exploitation. There were more abundant exploited species at regional scales than at local scales, reflecting a tendency for different protected sites to harbour different exploited species. In contrast, fewer abundant unexploited species were found at the regional scale than at the local scale, meaning that relative abundances at the regional scale were less even than at the local scale.

Synthesis and applications. Although marine protected areas (MPAs) are known to strongly influence fish community abundance and biomass, we found that changes to the relative abundance of species (i.e. increased evenness) dominated the biodiversity response to protection. MPAs had more relatively common species, which in turn led to higher diversity for a given sampling effort. Moreover, higher β‐diversity of common species meant that local‐scale responses were magnified at the regional scale due to site‐to‐site variation inside protected areas for exploited species. Regional conservation efforts can be strengthened by examining how multiple components of biodiversity respond to protection across spatial scales.
GQ‐130, a novel analogue of thiazolidinedione, improves obesity‐induced metabolic alterations in rats: Evidence for the involvement of PPARβ/δ pathway
Authors: Silva Odair Alves , Ribeiro‐Filho Helder Veras , Avelino Thayna Mendonca , Tittanegro Thais Helena , Figueira Ana Carolina Migliorini , Rabelo Luiza Antas , Pitta Ivan da Rocha , Lahlou Saad , Duarte Glória Pinto 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe present investigation aimed to characterize the effect of a short‐time treatment with a new thiazolidinedione (TZD) derivative, GQ‐130, on metabolic alterations in rats fed a high‐fat diet (HFD). We investigated whether metabolic alterations induced by GQ‐130 were mediated though a mechanism that involves PPARβ/δ transactivation. Potential binding and transactivation of PPARα, PPARβ/δ or PPARγ by GQ‐130 were examined through cell transactivation, 8‐anilino‐1‐naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS) fluorescence quenching assays and thermal shift assay. For in vivo experiments, male 8‐week‐old Wistar rats were divided into three groups fed for 6 weeks with: (a) a standard rat chow (14% fat) (control group), (b) a HFD (57.8% fat) alone (HFD group), or (c) a HFD associated with an oral treatment with GQ‐130 (10 mg/kg/d) during the last week (HFD‐GQ group). In 293T cells, unlike rosiglitazone, GQ‐130 did not cause significant transactivation of PPARγ but was able to activate PPARβ/δ by 153.9 folds in comparison with control values (DMSO). Surprisingly, ANS fluorescence quenching assay reveals that GQ‐130 does not bind directly to PPARβ/δ binding site, a finding that was further corroborated by thermal shift assay which evaluates the thermal stability of PPARβ/δ in the presence of GQ‐130. Compared to the control group, rats of the HFD group showed obesity, increased systolic blood pressure (SBP), insulin resistance, impaired glucose intolerance, hyperglycaemia, and dyslipidaemia. GQ‐130 treatment abolished the increased SBP and improved all metabolic dysfunctions observed in the HFD group. Oral treatment with GQ‐130 was effective in improving HFD‐induced metabolic alterations probably through a mechanism that involves PPARβ/δ activation.
Deciphering proteolysis pathways for the error‐prone DNA polymerase in cyanobacteria
Authors: Jin Haojie , Kim Rick , Bhaya Devaki 
Published: January 2020

SummaryProtein quality control pathways require AAA+ proteases, such as Clp and Lon. Lon protease maintains UmuD, an important component of the error‐prone DNA repair polymerase (Pol V), at very low levels in E. coli. Most members of the phylum Cyanobacteria lack Lon (including the model cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. PCC6803), so maintenance of UmuD at low levels must employ different proteases. We demonstrate that the first 19 residues from the N‐terminus of UmuD (Sug1‐19) fused to a reporter protein are adequate to trigger complete proteolysis and that mutation of a single leucine residue (L6) to aspartic acid inhibits proteolysis. This process appears to follow the N‐end rule and is mediated by ClpA/P protease and the ClpS adaptor. Additionally, mutations of arginine residues in the Sug1‐19 tag suggest that the ClpX/P pathway also plays a role in proteolysis. We propose that there is a dual degron at the N‐terminus of the UmuD protein in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803, which is distinct from the degron required for degradation of UmuD in E. coli. The use of two proteolysis pathways to tune levels of UmuD might reflect how a photosynthetic organism responds to multiple environmental stressors.
Discovery of Two New Peculiar Subgenera and Two New Species of Tipula Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Baltic Amber
Authors: KRZEMIŃSKI Wiesław , KANIA Iwona , JORDAN‐STASIłO Wiktoria , DE JONG Herman , KRZEMIŃSKA Ewa , SKIBIŃSKA Kornelia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTwo new fossil subgenera and two new fossil species of the genus Tipula Linnaeus, 1758, Tipula (Succinica) berendti subgen. and sp. n. and Tipula (Gedanica) adamowiczi subgen. and sp. n., are described from Baltic amber and compared with other species of Tipula known from the Eocene. The two new subgenera and species described herein are an excellent bridge between recent specimens and those preserved in sedimentary rocks, and thus enrich knowledge on the evolution of the family.
On the Validity and Evolution of Assilina Species during the Ypresian–Lutetian: Example from Bir Dakhl, Eastern Desert, Egypt
Authors: AL MENOUFY Safia , BOUKHARY Mohamed 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe genus Assilina is a taxon within the Nummulitacea that appeared early in the Ypresian (Early Eocene) and continued until the end of the Lutetian (Middle Eocene). Thus, this taxon could be useful for the chronostratigraphy of this time interval. Lower Eocene rocks in southern Galala, Egypt are exposed at Bir Dakhl. This section includes marl sediments with debris flow shallow‐marine facies deposits laid down during early Eocene times and includes fossils of large foraminifera: Assilina placentula Deshayes, 1838 and Nummulites burdigalensis de la Harpe, 1926. These are systematically treated, described and illustrated. Nummulites burdigalensis belongs to the N. burdigalensis group, and Assilina placentula belongs to the group of Assilina exponens. This assumption is based on qualitative morphology and quantitative measurements. Both species, together with Operculina libyca Schwager, 1883, enable the assignment of the Bir Dakhl (D5‐40 Section) to the Early Eocene, Ypresian (SBZ10 of Serra‐ Kiel et al., 1998) supporting an earlier opinion that Assilina placentula belongs to that zone in the calibrated larger foraminiferal biostratigraphic zonation.
Prevalence of and factors associated with depression and anxiety in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A multicenter prospective cross‐sectional study
Authors: Katchamart Wanruchada , Narongroeknawin Pongthorn , Chanapai Wanwisa , Thaweeratthakul Phakhamon , Srisomnuek Ananya 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the prevalence of and factors associated with depression and anxiety in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsThis prospective cross‐sectional study included patients who were consecutively enrolled in the Siriraj Rheumatoid Arthritis Registry or the Thai Army Rheumatoid Arthritis Cohort during the September 2016 to March 2018 study period. Demographic data and clinical variables, including disease activity, functional status, health‐related quality of life, and cognitive function, were collected. Depression and anxiety were assessed using the Thai version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Thai HADS).ResultsFour hundred and sixty‐four patients were included. Mean age was 59 years, median disease duration was 9.9 years, and 85% of patients were female. Based on the Thai HADS cutoff value of 8 or higher, 12.5% and 14.5% of patients had some degree of depression and anxiety, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed global health score (risk ratio [RR]: 0.98, P = .001) to be the only factor independently negatively associated with depression. Regarding anxiety, functional disability (RR: 2.46, P = .004) and married status (RR: 2.43, P = .009) were significantly associated with increased risk, whereas disease duration of 10 years or more (RR: 0.45, P = .007) and global health score (RR: 0.97, P < .001) were significantly associated with decreased risk of developing anxiety.ConclusionDepression and anxiety are common in patients with RA. Patients' perceptions of their current health are significantly related to mood disorders. Therefore, mental health status, especially mood disturbances, should be addressed in routine practice to improve quality of life in RA.
Genome‐enable prediction for health traits using high‐density SNP panel in US Holstein cattle
Authors: Lopes F. , Rosa G. , Pinedo P. , Santos J. E. P , Chebel R. C. , Galvao K. N. , Schuenemann G. M. , Bicalho R. C. , Gilbert R. O. , Rodrigez‐Zas S. , Seabury C. M. , Thatcher W. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThe objective of this study was to compare accuracies of different Bayesian regression models in predicting molecular breeding values for health traits in Holstein cattle. The dataset was composed of 2505 records reporting the occurrence of retained fetal membranes (RFM), metritis (MET), mastitis (MAST), displaced abomasum (DA), lameness (LS), clinical endometritis (CE), respiratory disease (RD), dystocia (DYST) and subclinical ketosis (SCK) in Holstein cows, collected between 2012 and 2014 in 16 dairies located across the US. Cows were genotyped with the Illumina BovineHD (HD, 777K). The quality controls for SNP genotypes were HWEP‐value of at least 1 × 10−10; MAF greater than 0.01 and call rate greater than 0.95. TheFImputeprogram was used for imputation of missing SNP markers. The effect of each SNP was estimated using the Bayesian Ridge Regression (BRR), Bayes A, Bayes B and Bayes Cπ methods. The prediction quality was assessed by the area under the curve, the prediction mean square error and the correlation between genomic breeding value and the observed phenotype, using a leave‐one‐out cross‐validation technique that avoids iterative cross‐validation. The highest accuracies of predictions achieved were: RFM [Bayes B (0.34)], MET [BRR (0.36)], MAST [Bayes B (0.55), DA [Bayes Cπ (0.26)], LS [Bayes A (0.12)], CE [Bayes A (0.32)], RD [Bayes Cπ (0.23)], DYST [Bayes A (0.35)] and SCK [Bayes Cπ (0.38)] models. Except for DA, LS and RD, the predictive abilities were similar between the methods. A strong relationship between the predictive ability and the heritability of the trait was observed, where traits with higher heritability achieved higher accuracy and lower bias when compared with those with low heritability. Overall, it has been shown that a high‐density SNP panel can be used successfully to predict genomic breeding values of health traits in Holstein cattle and that the model of choice will depend mostly on the genetic architecture of the trait.
Timing and flow pattern of the Orta Glacier (European Alps) during the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Braakhekke Jochem , Ivy‐Ochs Susan , Monegato Giovanni , Gianotti Franco , Martin Silvana , Casale Stefano , Christl Marcus 
Published: January 2020

Knowledge of the glacial chronologies for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) helps in understanding the interactions between climate, topography and glacier development. In this sense, the investigation of the Lake Orta moraine amphitheatre (Alpine foreland, northern Italy) allowed spatial and temporal reconstruction of the Orta Glacier. The end‐moraine system was investigated by means of geomorphological field surveys, analysis of 13 rock samples for cosmogenic 10Be and 36Cl concentrations, and remote sensing analysis. The dating results indicate that the age of the outer moraine belt is concordant with the LGM culmination at 26.5–23 ka, as found in other amphitheatres in the Alps. This new age estimate of the outermost moraines shows that the maximum extent of the Orta Glacier during the LGM was significantly bigger than recently suggested. A younger stabilization phase of the glacier front at about 19 ka indicates that the onset of the withdrawal of glaciers from the lower Alpine valleys started later. Provenance analysis of the boulders shows that the greatest contribution of ice to the Orta Glacier came from the Anzasca Valley rather than the major Ossola Valley. This reflects the closeness (about 45 km) to the foreland of the high‐elevated accumulation area of the Monte Rosa massif (4634 m a.s.l.), whose eastern glacier seems to have reached the lower valley faster than the trunk Toce Glacier. This fact underlines the key role played by high‐elevation accumulation areas that are located close to the foreland in controlling the path and geometry of major glaciers in the Alps.
Is neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy sufficient in patients with advanced rectal malignancy and positive extra‐mesorectal lateral lymph nodes?
Authors: Ahmadi N. , Brown K. G. M. , Lee P. , Quinn M. , Austin K. K. S. , Solomon M. J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimThere is current debate about the optimal management of lateral pelvic lymph nodes (LPLNs) in rectal cancer between Western and Eastern centres. This paper aims to report the rate of histologically proven positive LPLNs in a group of patients undergoing the conventional Western approach to primary and recurrent rectal cancer.MethodA retrospective cohort review of all patients who underwent LPLN dissection at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital in Sydney, Australia. This included patients who underwent pelvic exenteration who had LPLNs excised either en bloc for laterally invasive or recurrent tumours or as part of selective node dissection for suspicious lymph nodes on preoperative imaging. Histopathological results for these patients were compared with node status at preoperative imaging.ResultsSeventy‐one patients satisfied the inclusion criteria. Of those patients with positive nodes on histology, 27% (9/33) with radiologically positive LPLNs were treated with preoperative radiotherapy and 75% (9/12) with radiologically positive LPLNs were not treated with preoperative radiotherapy (P = 0.004). None of the 12 patients with radiologically negative nodes treated with radiotherapy had positive nodes; 25% (3/12) of the patients with radiologically negative nodes who were not treated with radiotherapy had positive nodes. Fifty‐three per cent of patients developed postoperative complications.ConclusionOur study suggests that in patients with radiologically positive LPLNs chemoradiotherapy may not be enough to sterilize these extra‐mesorectal lymph nodes as a large proportion (27%) will have residual viable adenocarcinoma cells. In patients with radiologically negative LPLNs, however, the addition of chemoradiotherapy may serve to adequately sterilize these lymph nodes without the need for prophylactic LPLN dissection.
Surgery with and without adjuvant radiotherapy is associated with similar survival in T4 colon cancer
Authors: Sebastian N. T. , Tan Y. , Miller E. D. , Williams T. M. , Diaz D. A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimThere is little evidence regarding the role of adjuvant radiotherapy for colon cancer. Despite this, national consensus guidelines recommend consideration of radiation for patients with T4 colon cancer. Large comparative studies may be beneficial in clarifying the potential benefit of postoperative radiation for this cohort.MethodWe compared the overall survival between patients treated with surgery with and without adjuvant radiation using the National Cancer Database (NCDB) and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER), as well as disease‐specific survival using SEER. Cox proportional hazards models and propensity score matching were used to adjust for relevant confounders.ResultsThere were a total of 18 776 patients in the NCDB cohort and 9926 patients in the SEER cohort. After propensity score matching, there was no statistically significant difference in overall mortality between surgery with and without radiation in the NCDB [hazard ratio (HR) 1.11; 95% CI 0.93–1.31; P = 0.25] or in SEER (HR 1.20; 95% CI 0.84–1.72; P = 0.32). Additionally, using SEER, we found no statistically significant difference in disease‐specific mortality between these two groups (HR 1.13; 95% CI 0.76–1.67; P = 0.54).ConclusionUsing the NCDB and SEER, we found no statistically significant difference in overall survival or disease‐specific survival between patients treated with and without adjuvant radiation. Further studies should evaluate the impact of adjuvant radiotherapy on local control and prevention of recurrence‐related morbidity in patients with T4 colon cancer.