bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining bioinformatics techniques to explore the molecular mechanisms involved in pancreatic cancer metastasis and prognosis
Authors: Xu Jia‐Sheng , Liao Kai‐li , Wang Xinlu , He Jiarui , Wang Xiao‐Zhong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article aims to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms and prognosis‐related genes in pancreatic cancer metastasis. Pancreatic cancer metastasis‐related gene chip data were downloaded from GENE EXPRESSION OMNIBUS(GEO)database. Differentially expressed genes were screened after R‐package pre‐treatment. Functional annotations and related signalling pathways were analysed using DAVID software. GEPIA (Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis) was used to perform prognostic analysis, and differential genes associated with prognosis were screened and validated using data from GEO. We screened 40 healthy patients, 40 primary pancreatic cancer and 40 metastatic pancreatic cancer patients, collected serum, designed primers and used qPCR to test the expression of prognosis‐related genes in each group. 109 differentially expressed genes related with pancreatic cancer metastasis were screened, of which 49 were up‐regulated and 60 were down‐regulated. Functional annotation and pathway analysis revealed differentially expressed genes were mainly concentrated in protein activation cascade, extracellular matrix construction, decomposition, etc In the biological process, it is mainly involved in signalling pathways such as PPAR, PI3K‐Akt and ECM receptor interaction. Prognostic analysis showed the expression levels of four genes were significantly correlated with the overall survival time of patients with pancreatic cancer, namely SCG5, CRYBA2, CPE and CHGB. qPCR experiments showed the expression of these four genes was decreased in both the primary pancreatic cancer group and the metastatic pancreatic cancer group, and the latter was more significantly reduced. Pancreatic cancer metastasis is closely related to the activation of PPAR pathway, PI3K‐Akt pathway and ECM receptor interaction. SCG5, CRYBA2, CPE and CHGB genes are associated with the prognosis of pancreatic cancer, and their low expression suggests a poor prognosis.
Farnesoid X receptor activation induces antitumour activity in colorectal cancer by suppressing JAK2/STAT3 signalling via transactivation of SOCS3 gene
Authors: Li Shan , Xu Zhengshui , Guo Jing , Zheng Jianbao , Sun Xuejun , Yu Junhui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFarnesoid X receptor (FXR, encoded by NR1H4), a bile acid‐activated nuclear receptor, is widely implicated in human tumorigenesis. The FXR agonist obeticholic acid (OCA) has preliminarily displayed tumour suppressor potential. However, the anticancer effects of this agent on colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. In this study, the treatment of colon cancer cells with OCA inhibited cell proliferation and invasion in vitro, retarded tumour growth in vivo and prevented the G0/G1 to S phase transition. Moreover, the expression of active caspase‐3, p21 and E‐cadherin was up‐regulated and the expression of cyclin D1, c‐Myc, vimentin, N‐cadherin and MMP9 was down‐regulated in OCA‐treated colon cancer cells. Mechanistic studies indicated that OCA treatment suppressed the activity of JAK2/STAT3 pathway by up‐regulating SOCS3 expression. Colivelin, an agonist of JAK2/STAT3 pathway, antagonized the tumour‐suppressive effect of OCA on colon cancer cells. Dual‐luciferase reporter and quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation (qChIP) assays further confirmed that OCA promoted SOCS3 transcription by enhancing the binding of FXR to the FXRE/IR9 of the SOCS3 promoter. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that targeting FXR and improving its function might be a promising strategy for CRC treatment.
Opposing population trends of fork‐tailed swallows and reddish‐coloured swallows in our changing world
Authors: Hasegawa Masaru , Arai Emi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSexual selection can in theory lead to positive and negative effect on population‐level fitness and hence population increase/decline in our changing world, but the empirical evidence is scarce. Using a phylogenetic comparative approach, we examined whether and how different sexually selected ornaments affect recent population trends and extinction risk in swallows (Aves: Hirundininae). We found that population trends decreased with increasing depth of male tails, that is a well‐known sexually selected trait, and increased with increasing score of reddish plumage coloration, another sexually selected ornament. Similar contrasting patterns were observed for extinction risk. These findings indicate ornament‐specific population trends and extinction risk, perhaps due to the differential costs and benefits of ornamentation. Previous studies have mostly focused on the overall effects of sexual selection by combining different kinds of traits, presumed to be sexually selected. However, as predicted by theory, sexual selection would not be a process with the same universal effect on population dynamics as we found here. Divergent ecological consequences would occur through minor differences in sexual selection, which should not be dismissed in future studies.
Shared decision‐making and the nuances of clinical work: Concepts, barriers and opportunities for a dynamic model
Authors: Moleman Marjolein , Regeer Barbara J. , Schuitmaker‐Warnaar Tjerk Jan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundShared decision‐making (SDM) is considered the “final stage” that completes the implementation of evidence‐based medicine. Yet, it is also considered the most neglected stage. SDM shifts the epistemological authority of medical knowledge to one that deliberately includes patients' values and preferences. Although this redefines the work of the clinical encounter, it remains unclear what a shared decision is and how it is practiced.AimThe aim of this paper is to describe how healthcare professionals manoeuvre the nuances of decision‐making that shape SDM. We identify barriers to SDM and collect strategies to help healthcare professionals think beyond existing solution pathways and overcome barriers to SDM.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 68 healthcare professionals from psychiatry, internal medicine, intensive care medicine, obstetrics and orthopaedics and 15 patients.ResultsThis study found that healthcare professionals conceptualize SDM in different ways, which indicates a lack of consensus about its meaning. We identified five barriers that limit manoeuvring space for SDM and contest the feasibility of a uniform, normative SDM model. Three identified barriers: (a) “not all patients want new role,” (b) “not all patients can adopt new role,” and (c) “attitude,” were linked to strategies focused on the knowledge, skills and attitudes of individual healthcare professionals. However, systemic barriers: (d) “prioritization of medical issues” and (e) “lack of time” render such individual‐focused strategies insufficient.ConclusionThere is a need for a more nuanced understanding of SDM as a “graded” framework that allows for flexibility in decision‐making styles to accommodate patient's unique preferences and needs and to expand the manoeuvring space for decision‐making. The strategies in this study show how our understanding of SDM as a process of multi‐dyadic interactions that spatially exceed the consulting room offers new avenues to make SDM workable in contemporary medicine.
Case study development of a challenge test against Edwardsiella ictaluri in Mekong striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus), for use in breeding: Estimates of the genetic correlation between susceptibilities in replicated tanks
Authors: Pham Khoi Dinh , Nguyen Sang Van , Ødegård Jørgen , Gjøen Hans Magnus , Klemetsdal Gunnar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBacillary necrosis is a problematic disease in farming of Mekong striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). The pathogenic bacterium is Edwardsiella ictaluri, causing numerous white spots in swelled liver, kidney and spleen. An alternative to antibiotic treatment and vaccine is to select for improved genetic resistance to the disease that requires to establish a proper challenge test. Here, four challenge tests of Mekong striped catfish against E. ictaluri are reported proposing 3 days of acclimatization of test fish prior to the challenge, with restricted water level in the test, keeping a temperature of 26°C. In the challenge, cohabitant shedders should be released directly into the test tank and make up around ⅓ of the fish, and bacteria should be added directly to water. The last two experiments, with the highest mortality, suggest that any factor involving the dead cohabitants should be removed and that additional experimentation should focus on bacteria (density) and timing for addition of bacteria to water. Genetic analyses revealed that resistance to bacillary necrosis tested in replicated tanks in the same experiment can be considered the same genetic trait.
Experience and management of stigma among persons living with HIV in Bali, Indonesia: A descriptive study
Authors: Raya Nyoman Agus Jagat , Nilmanat Kittikorn 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimThis study aimed to describe the level of HIV stigma experience and the HIV stigma management strategies used by persons living with HIV (PLWH) in Bali, Indonesia.MethodsA cross‐sectional descriptive study was conducted from March to May 2019. In total, 215 respondents were recruited using purposive sampling from hospitals and HIV private clinic. The research tools consisted of the demographic characteristics form, the 28‐Item Internalized HIV Stigma Scale, and the Stigma Management Strategies Checklist. This study used descriptive statistics and non‐parametric statistics to analyze the data.ResultsOverall, the transformed mean score of HIV stigma experience was at a low level (mean = 42.88, SD ± 17.59). There was no statistically significant difference between demographic characteristics and HIV stigma (p > .05). Of the 38 stigma management strategies, prayer (70.7%) was reported as the most common, whereas forgiving one's spouse (4.1%) was the least utilized strategy of the respondents. The most often reported reason to manage stigma was to alleviate and/or avoid stress (68.8%). In addition, the most effective stigma management strategy was prayer (28.8%). Conversely, the least effective was staying alone (21.9%).ConclusionsHIV stigma is present in Bali, Indonesia, and PLWH struggle to accept their HIV status. Furthermore, they use prayer as a stigma management strategy to get closer to God. The findings of this study could serve as evidence to inform HIV stigma reduction programs in the community. In addition, the development of faith‐based stigma management interventions is recommended.
Tanycytes: Gateway to the hungry brain
Authors: Ebling Francis J. P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTanycytes are glial cells in the hypothalamus that are functionally part of the blood–brain barrier. They can sense nutrients and metabolites in the circulation such as glucose, then signal to neuronal systems to influence ingestive behaviour and energy storage, and ultimately affect body weight. The complex structure of tanycytes underpins this function, and communication is dependent upon connexin‐43 gap junctions between tanycytes. This Editorial highlights studies by Recabal and coworkers (Recabal et al., 2020) in the current issue that shed some light on how this happens, and on how FGF2 might induce plasticity in hypothalamic structure through changes in tanycyte function that are dependent on connexin‐43 hemichannels.
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This Editorial Highlights the article https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15188
Benign metastasizing leiomyoma in femur and thigh with a history of uterine leiomyoma: A case report and literature review
Authors: Aoki Kota , Yamamoto Takuro , Terauchi Ryu , Mori Taisuke , Shirai Toshiharu , Kitawaki Jo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBenign metastasizing leiomyoma (BML) is a rare disease that is characterized by well‐differentiated smooth muscle tumors occurring extrauterine site in women with a history of uterine leiomyoma. The lung is the most common metastatic site for BML. A 48‐year‐old woman, who had histories of laparoscopic myomectomy and transabdominal total hysterectomy, visited an orthopedics complaining of a mass in her left thigh and difficulty in walking. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography revealed multiple mass lesions in her both thighs and left femur as well as both lungs. She was referred to our hospital for further examination. We diagnosed her tumors as BML according to histopathological analysis of tumor specimen. The left thigh tumor was resected and the treatment with gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist regressed the size of the residual tumors by approximately 30%. BML should be considered when multiple soft tissue tumors are found in women with a history of leiomyomas.
Dispersal and adaptive radiation of Bidens (Compositae) across the remote archipelagoes of Polynesia
Authors: Knope Matthew L. , Funk Vicki A. , Johnson Melissa A. , Wagner Warren L. , Datlof Erin M. , Johnson Gabriel , Crawford Daniel J. , Bonifacino J. Mauricio , Morden Clifford W. , Lorence David H. , Wood Kenneth R. , Meyer Jean‐Yves , Carlquist Sherwin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe genus Bidens (Compositae) comprises c. 230 species distributed across five continents, with the 41 Polynesian species displaying the greatest ecomorphological variation in the group. However, the genus has had a long and complicated taxonomic history, and its phylogenetic and biogeographic history are poorly understood. To resolve the evolutionary history of the Polynesian Bidens, 152 individuals representing 91 species were included in this study, including 39 of the 41 described species from Polynesia. Four chloroplast and two nuclear DNA markers were utilized to estimate phylogenetic relationships, divergence times, and biogeographic history. Bidens was found to be polyphyletic within Coreopsis, consistent with previous assessments. The Polynesian radiation was resolved as monophyletic, with the initial dispersal into the Pacific possibly from South America to either the Hawaiian or Marquesas Islands. From the Marquesas, Bidens dispersed to the Society Islands, and ultimately to the Austral Islands. The initial diversification of the crown group in the Pacific is estimated to have occurred ~1.63 mya (0.74–2.72, 95% HPD), making Polynesian Bidens among the youngest and most rapid plant diversification events documented in the Pacific. Our findings suggest that relatively rare long‐distance dispersal and founder‐event speciation, coupled with subsequent loss of dispersal potential and within‐island speciation, can explain the repeated and explosive adaptive radiation of Bidens throughout the archipelagoes of Polynesia.
The influence of engaging authentically on nurse–patient relationships: A scoping review
Authors: Pratt Helen , Moroney Tracey , Middleton Rebekkah 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe current international healthcare focus on ensuring the perspectives and needs of individual persons, families or communities are met has led to the core tenet of person‐centred care for all. The nurse–patient relationship is central to the provision of care, and enhancing this relationship to ensure trust and respect supports optimal care outcomes for those accessing healthcare services. Engaging authentically is one of the recognised key approaches in person‐centred practice, and this scoping review of the literature aims to gain an understanding of the role this process plays in developing effective relationships between nurses and the people they care for. A systematic search of databases and grey literature was undertaken, and twenty‐one research papers met the inclusion criteria. A thematic analysis revealed four themes: ‘getting to know the patient as a person’, ‘the complexity of relationship building—it takes time’, ‘the nurse: characteristics and behaviours that support the nurse–patient relationship’ and ‘the patient voice’. Nurses and patients both benefit from effective relationships, feeling valued and experiencing greater satisfaction with care. Key elements of engaging authentically were revealed as a nurse–patient relational process through this literature review; however, further research is needed to gain a greater understanding of this concept.
Non‐targeted 13C metabolite analysis demonstrates broad re‐orchestration of leaf metabolism when gas exchange conditions vary
Authors: Abadie Cyril , Lalande Julie , Limami Anis M. , Tcherkez Guillaume 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIt is common practice to manipulate CO2 and O2 mole fraction during gas‐exchange experiments to suppress or exacerbate photorespiration, or simply carry out CO2 response curves. In doing so, it is implicitly assumed that metabolic pathways other than carboxylation and oxygenation are altered minimally. In the past few years, targeted metabolic analyses have shown that this assumption is incorrect, with changes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, anaplerosis (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylation), and nitrogen or sulphur assimilation. However, this problem has never been tackled systematically using non‐targeted analyses to embrace all possible affected metabolic pathways. Here, we exploited combined NMR, GC–MS, and LC–MS data and conducted non‐targeted analyses on sunflower leaves sampled at different O2/CO2 ratios in a gas exchange system. The statistical analysis of nearly 4,500 metabolic features not only confirms previous findings on anaplerosis or S assimilation, but also reveals significant changes in branched chain amino acids, phenylpropanoid metabolism, or adenosine turn‐over. Noteworthy, all of these pathways involve CO2 assimilation or liberation and thus affect net CO2 exchange. We conclude that manipulating CO2 and O2 mole fraction has a broad effect on metabolism, and this must be taken into account to better understand variations in carboxylation (anaplerotic fixation) or apparent day respiration.
Criminalization through Complicity: (Not) Reporting Crime in Mexico City
Authors: Hayden Tiana Bakić 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn contemporary Mexico, the ideal of citizen responsibility and cooperation with authorities in crime prevention coexists with a widespread mistrust and disillusionment with the state. In this context, 90 percent of crimes go unreported to the police, a statistic that is a concern not only for law enforcement authorities but also for citizens who frequently comment that reporting is an ideal, even if few do so. Moving beyond a discussion of why people do or do not report crime, this article analyzes metapragmatic talk about (non)reporting in Mexico City's largest food market, La Central de Abasto. It shows such talk to be socially productive in the constitution of unequal publics. Merchants, workers, and authorities draw on and reproduce a language ideology in which the difficult‐to‐execute bureaucratic practice of reporting crime indexes proper citizenship even as forms of speech coded as silence or rumor index complicity with criminality. An attention to the metapragmatics of the crime report can thus expand understandings of contemporary processes of criminalization and its relationship to the constitution of unequal publics.
The Relation Between Social Identities and Outgroup Hostility Among German Immigrant‐Origin Citizens
Authors: Hamidou‐Schmidt Hayfat , Mayer Sabrina Jasmin 
Published: November 2020

One of the major drivers of societal conflict are the intergroup relations which rely mainly on social identity and which are rarely analyzed for immigrant groups. This article changes this point of view by investigating the extent to which national, ethnic, and religious identities relate to outgroup hostilities towards the majority of the German population, towards other immigrant groups, and towards Syrian refugees among immigrant‐origin citizens. We employ a theoretical framework based on the social identity approach and use new representative survey data from 2017 for Germans of Turkish descent (N = 480) and Russian Germans (N = 471). Based on multivariate linear regression analysis, we show that ethnic identity has the strongest positive relation with outgroup hostilities, with the exception of the Russian‐Germans' evaluation of the German majority population. National identity among Germans of Turkish descent lessens their hostility towards other immigrants. Our results show the importance of analyzing immigrant groups with different migration trajectories separately before making generalized claims. Not only are the identity relations different between an ingroup identification and various outgroup targets, but they are also different between the immigrant groups for the same ingroup identification and outgroup target.
Whistleblowers as regulatory intermediaries: Instrumental and reflexive considerations in decentralizing regulation
Authors: Kampourakis Ioannis 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article frames whistleblowers as regulatory intermediaries who provide a response to the problem posed by the fragmentation of knowledge in a complex society and market economy. I identify two ways in which whistleblowers become regulatory intermediaries: The first is by remedying informational asymmetries between the regulator and the target (instrumental approach). Both in the United States and in the European Union, whistleblowers are protected on the basis of the value of the disclosed information for the advancement of regulatory objectives. The second way in which whistleblowers become regulatory intermediaries is by contributing to the development of “communities of compliance” and by enhancing the internal self‐regulatory capacities of regulatory targets (reflexive approach). Creating internal channels of reporting and monitoring is perceived as a way to change the organizational culture of targets. Through the instrumentalism – reflexivity dipole, competing rationales and normative visions of regulatory intermediation become apparent: It could, on the one hand, facilitate state intervention and legal sanctions or, on the other hand, signal the aspiration to embed public and social values in private actors.