bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Respiratory viruses are associated with serum metabolome among infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis: A multicenter study
Authors: Fujiogi Michimasa , Camargo Carlos A. , Raita Yoshihiko , Bochkov Yury A. , Gern James E. , Mansbach Jonathan M. , Piedra Pedro A. , Hasegawa Kohei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundBronchiolitis is the leading cause of infant hospitalizations in the United States. Growing evidence supports the heterogeneity of bronchiolitis. However, little is known about the interrelationships between major respiratory viruses (and their species), host systemic metabolism, and disease pathobiology.MethodsIn an ongoing multicenter prospective cohort study, we profiled the serum metabolome in 113 infants (63 RSV‐only, 21 RV‐A, and 29 RV‐C) hospitalized with bronchiolitis. We identified serum metabolites that are most discriminatory in the RSV‐RV‐A and RSV‐RV‐C comparisons using sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis. We then investigated the association between discriminatory metabolites with acute and chronic outcomes.ResultsIn 113 infants with bronchiolitis, we measured 639 metabolites. Serum metabolomic profiles differed in both comparisons (Ppermutation < 0.05). In the RSV‐RV‐A comparison, we identified 30 discriminatory metabolites, predominantly in lipid metabolism pathways (eg, sphingolipids and carnitines). In multivariable models, these metabolites were significantly associated with the risk of clinical outcomes (eg, tricosanoyl sphingomyelin, OR for recurrent wheezing at age of 3 years = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.05‐2.15). In the RSV‐RV‐C comparison, the discriminatory metabolites were also primarily involved in lipid metabolism (eg, glycerophosphocholines [GPCs], 12,13‐diHome). These metabolites were also significantly associated with the risk of outcomes (eg, 1‐stearoyl‐2‐linoleoyl‐GPC, OR for positive pressure ventilation use during hospitalization = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.28‐0.78).ConclusionRespiratory viruses and their species had distinct serum metabolomic signatures that are associated with differential risks of acute and chronic morbidities of bronchiolitis. Our findings advance research into the complex interrelations between viruses, host systemic response, and bronchiolitis pathobiology.
Morphological evolution of a macrotidal back‐barrier environment: The Amazon Coast
Authors: McLachlan Robin L. , Ogston Andrea S. , Asp Nils E. , Fricke Aaron T. , Nittrouer Charles A. , Schettini Carlos A. F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCoastal barriers provide sheltered, low‐energy settings for fine‐grained sediment deposition and retention, although the process of back‐barrier infilling and how tidal‐channel connectivity impacts this process is not well‐understood. Understanding how back‐barrier environments infill and evolve is necessary to predict how they will respond to future changes in sea‐level and sediment supply. With this motivation,in situobservations and sedimentary signatures from an Amazonian tidal‐channel system are interpreted to create a conceptual model of morphological evolution in a macrotidal back‐barrier environment that is rich in fine‐grained sediment, vegetated by mangroves and incised by tidal channels with multiple outlets. Results indicate that within a high‐connectivity back‐barrier channel, tidal processes dominate sedimentation and morphological development. Sediment cores (<60 cm) exhibited millimetre‐scale tidalites composed of sand and mud. High‐connectivity channels allow tidal propagation from multiple inlets, and in this case, the converging flood waves promote delivery of sediment fluxing through the system to the mangrove flats in the convergence zone. Sediment preferentially deposits in regions with adequate accommodation space and dense vegetation, and in these zones, sediment grain size is slightly finer than that transiting through the system. The greatest sediment‐accumulation rates (3 to 4 cm yr−1), calculated from steady‐state210Pb profiles, were found in the convergence zone near the mangrove‐channel edge. As tidal flats aggrade vertically and prograde into the channels, accommodation space diminishes. In effect, the channel’s narrowest stretch is expected to migrate along the path of net‐sediment flux towards regions with more accommodation space until it reaches the tidal‐convergence zone. The location of recent preferential infilling is evidenced by relatively rapid sediment‐accumulation rates, finer sediment and significant clustering of small secondary tidal channels. These findings shed light on how sediment transported through vegetated back‐barrier environments is ultimately preserved and how evidence preserved in surface morphology and the geological record can be interpreted.
Analytical Transport Network Theory for Onsager, Coupled Flows: Part 1—Channel-Scale Modeling of Linear, Electrokinetic Flow
Authors: Cocco Alex P. , Grew Kyle N. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe analytical transport network (ATN) model for flow through microstructural networks is extended to linearly coupled flows subject to Onsager reciprocity. Electrokinetic flow is used as an example system. Through the extension, we gain an improved understanding of if, and how, morphology and topology influence coupled flow systems differently than un-coupled flows. In Part 1, a channel-scale model is developed to describe electrokinetic flow through a channel of arbitrary morphology. The analytical model agrees well with finite element analysis (FEA), but is significantly less expensive in terms of computational resources, and, furthermore, offers general insight into morphology's additional influence on coupled flows relative to uncoupled flows. In Part 2, we exploit these savings to develop a computationally economical, network-scale model and associated algorithm for its implementation to voxel-based three-dimensional images. Included in the algorithm is a means for rapidly calculating a structure's tortuosity factor. This modeling effort represents an important initial step in extending the ATN approach to coupled flow phenomena relevant to emerging technologies that rely on heterogeneous, hierarchical materials.
Overview and Kinetostatic Characterization of Compliant Shell Mechanism Building Blocks
Authors: Nijssen Joep P. A. , Radaelli Giuseppe , Kim Charles J. , Herder Just L. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Compliant shell mechanisms utilize thin-walled structures to achieve motion and force generation. Shell mechanisms, because of their thin-walled nature and spatial geometry, are building blocks for spatial mechanism applications. In spatial compliant mechanism design, the ratio of compliance is the representation of the kinetostatics involved. Using shell mechanisms in concept design, however, can prove difficult without a uniform characterization method. In this article, we make use of compliance ellipsoids to achieve characterization of the ratio of compliance for shell mechanisms. Ten promising shells are presented with the kinetostatic characteristics, combined with a uniform method of determining the kinetostatic characteristics for other unknown shells. Finally, we show how shells are indeed a valid alternative in the spatial mechanism design, compared to conventional flexure mechanisms.
Identifying the Different Approaches in Use of Social Media Outlets: A Case Study of German Professional Sport Teams
Authors: Kautz Fabian , Schaffrath Michael , Gang Alex C. 
Published: May 2020

The sport industry has long used social media as an effective instrument of communication. In the framework of the current study, a content analysis investigated how professional sport clubs in Germany use Facebook and Twitter. The study covers the entire 2015–16 season, which was illustrated via selectively choosing 2 weeks for data analysis; four clubs each from basketball, ice hockey, football, and handball were collected as a sample. All Facebook posts and Twitter tweets published by the 16 clubs during the 2 weeks, a total of 3,412 contributions (Facebook 717, Twitter 2,695), were included in the analysis. The codebook contained 57 variables, and this article presents the results on the identified topics of the published contents on the two social media platforms. On both platforms, the clubs under examination primarily issued statements regarding themselves and their sport-related activities. Twitter is predominantly used as a live medium during games, whereas Facebook allows for significantly greater reach. However, no sport-related differences were found between the two social media platforms.
Targeting RET Kinase in Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer
Authors: VanDeusen Halena R. , Ramroop Johnny R. , Morel Katherine L. , Bae Song Yi , Sheahan Anjali V. , Sychev Zoi , Lau Nathan A. , Cheng Larry C. , Tan Victor M. , Li Zhen , Petersen Ashley , Lee John K. , Park Jung Wook , Yang Rendong , Hwang Justin H. , Coleman Ilsa , Witte Owen N. , Morrissey Colm , Corey Eva , Nelson Peter S. , Ellis Leigh , Drake Justin M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

The increased treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with second-generation antiandrogen therapies (ADT) has coincided with a greater incidence of lethal, aggressive variant prostate cancer (AVPC) tumors that have lost dependence on androgen receptor (AR) signaling. These AR-independent tumors may also transdifferentiate to express neuroendocrine lineage markers and are termed neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). Recent evidence suggests kinase signaling may be an important driver of NEPC. To identify targetable kinases in NEPC, we performed global phosphoproteomics comparing several AR-independent to AR-dependent prostate cancer cell lines and identified multiple altered signaling pathways, including enrichment of RET kinase activity in the AR-independent cell lines. Clinical NEPC patient samples and NEPC patient-derived xenografts displayed upregulated RET transcript and RET pathway activity. Genetic knockdown or pharmacologic inhibition of RET kinase in multiple mouse and human models of NEPC dramatically reduced tumor growth and decreased cell viability. Our results suggest that targeting RET in NEPC tumors with high RET expression could be an effective treatment option. Currently, there are limited treatment options for patients with aggressive neuroendocrine prostate cancer and none are curative.

Implications:
Identification of aberrantly expressed RET kinase as a driver of tumor growth in multiple models of NEPC provides a significant rationale for testing the clinical application of RET inhibitors in patients with AVPC.
Gelatin Methacryloyl Bioadhesive Improves Survival and Reduces Scar Burden in a Mouse Model of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ptaszek Leon M. , Portillo Lara Roberto , Shirzaei Sani Ehsan , Xiao Chunyang , Roh Jason , Yu Xuejing , Ledesma Pablo A. , Hsiang Yu Chu , Annabi Nasim , Ruskin Jeremy N. 
Published: May 2020

Background

Delivery of hydrogels to the heart is a promising strategy for mitigating the detrimental impact of myocardial infarction (
MI
). Challenges associated with the in vivo delivery of currently available hydrogels have limited clinical translation of this technology. Gelatin methacryloyl (Gel
MA
) bioadhesive hydrogel could address many of the limitations of available hydrogels. The goal of this proof‐of‐concept study was to evaluate the cardioprotective potential of Gel
MA
in a mouse model of
MI
.

Methods and Results

The physical properties of Gel
MA
bioadhesive hydrogel were optimized in vitro. Impact of Gel
MA
bioadhesive hydrogel on post‐
MI
recovery was then assessed in vivo. In 20 mice, Gel
MA
bioadhesive hydrogel was applied to the epicardial surface of the heart at the time of experimental
MI
. An additional 20 mice underwent
MI
but received no Gel
MA
bioadhesive hydrogel. Survival rates were compared for Gel
MA
‐treated and untreated mice. Left ventricular function was assessed 3 weeks after experimental
MI
with transthoracic echocardiography. Left ventricular scar burden was measured with postmortem morphometric analysis. Survival rates at 3 weeks post‐
MI
were 89% for Gel
MA
‐treated mice and 50% for untreated mice (
P
=0.011). Left ventricular contractile function was better in Gel
MA
‐treated than untreated mice (fractional shortening 37% versus 26%,
P
<0.001). Average scar burden in Gel
MA
‐treated mice was lower than in untreated mice (6% versus 22%,
P
=0.017).

Conclusions

Epicardial Gel
MA
bioadhesive application at the time of experimental
MI
was performed safely and was associated with significantly improved post‐
MI
survival compared with control animals. In addition, Gel
MA
treatment was associated with significantly better preservation of left ventricular function and reduced scar burden.
Impact of Transport Time and Cardiac Arrest Centers on the Neurological Outcome After Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Chien Cheng‐Yu , Tsai Shang‐Li , Tsai Li‐Heng , Chen Chen‐Bin , Seak Chen‐June , Weng Yi‐Ming , Lin Chi‐Chun , Ng Chip‐Jin , Chien Wei‐Che , Huang Chien‐Hsiung , Lin Cheng‐Yu , Chaou Chung‐Hsien , Liu Peng‐Huei , Tseng Hsiao‐Jung , Fang Chi‐Tai 
Published: May 2020

Background

Should all out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (
OHCA
) patients be directly transported to cardiac arrest centers (
CAC
s) remains under debate. Our study evaluated the impacts of different transport time and destination hospital on the outcomes of
OHCA
patients.

Methods and Results

Data were collected from 6655
OHCA
patients recorded in the regional prospective
OHCA
registry database of Taoyuan City, Taiwan, between January 2012 and December 2016. Patients were matched on propensity score, which left 5156 patients, 2578 each in the
CAC
and non‐
CAC
groups. Transport time was dichotomized into <8 and ≥8 minutes. The relations between the transport time to
CAC
s and good neurological outcome at discharge and survival to discharge were investigated. Of the 5156 patients, 4215 (81.7%) presented with nonshockable rhythms and 941 (18.3%) presented with shockable rhythms. Regardless of transport time, transportation to a
CAC
increased the likelihoods of survival to discharge (<8 minutes: adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.95; 95%
CI,
1.11–3.41; ≥8 minutes: aOR, 1.92; 95%
CI,
1.25–2.94) and good neurological outcome at discharge (<8 minutes: aOR, 2.70; 95%
CI,
1.40–5.22; ≥8 minutes: aOR, 2.20; 95%
CI,
1.29–3.75) in
OHCA
patients with shockable rhythms but not in patients with nonshockable rhythms.

Conclusions

OHCA
patients with shockable rhythms transported to
CAC
s demonstrated higher probabilities of survival to discharge and a good neurological outcome at discharge. Direct ambulance delivery to
CAC
s should thus be considered, particularly when
OHCA
patients present with shockable rhythms.
Differences in Cardiovascular Care Between Adults With and Without Opioid Prescriptions in the United States
Authors: Feng Zekun , Williams Dominic , Ladapo Joseph A. 
Published: May 2020

Background
Patients prescribed opioids often have chronic conditions that increase their risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes, but little is known about the primary preventive cardiovascular care these patients receive.

Methods and Results

We analyzed data from the 2014 to 2016 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey to evaluate physicians’ provision of primary preventive cardiovascular care to adults with and without opioid prescriptions. We included all visits made by adults 40 to 79 years old with at least 1 cardiovascular risk factor but no existing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. There were ≈32 million visits by adults who were prescribed opioids and ≈167 million visits by adults not prescribed opioids on an annual basis. The prevalence of primary preventive care was modest in patients with versus those without opioid prescriptions, respectively: (1) statins for patients with dyslipidemia (52.1% versus 46.3%); (2) statins for patients with diabetes mellitus (49.1% versus 37.9%); (3) antihypertensive agents for patients with hypertension (76.5% versus 65.8%); (4) diet/exercise counseling (40.5% versus 45.3%); and (5) smoking cessation therapy (25.3% versus 19.3%). In multivariate analyses, opioid use was associated with higher rates of statin therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus (adjusted relative risk [aRR], 1.25; 95% CI, 1.06–1.47;
P
=0.007) and antihypertensive medication in patients with hypertension (aRR 1.14; 95% CI, 1.06–1.22;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
Overall adherence to guideline‐recommended primary preventive cardiovascular care during ambulatory visits was suboptimal. Findings show that patients prescribed opioids versus those without opioid prescriptions were more likely to receive statin therapy and antihypertensive agents in the setting of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, respectively. Ongoing efforts to bridge these gaps in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease remain a high priority.
Entering A Place of Fire
Authors: Revett Tim 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Terms like “frightening” and “spiritually dark” fall short in describing many visitors’ impressions of Paraguay’s Tacumbú Penitentiary. Inmates simply refer to it as “hell.” The human rights abuses there are not merely statistics on a United Nations report – they are daily life for thousands of men: overcrowding, malnourishment, unsanitary conditions, over-extended sentences, and the constant threat of assault. According to a former warden, the main efforts in preventing a violent reaction to such circumstances as well as thwarting the consequences of the façade of correction occur inside the penitentiary’s Christian rehabilitation cell blocks, which are managed by chaplains and volunteers. This paper proposes that the primary motivations driving these ministry workers to endure the inhospitable prison environment fall under three categories used by Tewksbury and Dabney: helping inmates, visiting known inmates, and sharing religious beliefs. The paper also evaluates the effectiveness of these motivations for ministry in one of South America’s most dangerous prisons.
From Online Buddha Halls to Robot-Monks
Authors: Travagnin Stefania 
Published: May 2020

The interaction between religion and the new media has affected the perception that society has of religion, changed cardinal structures in the relationship between religious practice and religious authorities, and also transformed features and functions of the media. If we look at mainland China today, religious individuals and groups have their own WeChat and Weibo accounts, and internet websites; some believers operate solely in cyberspace and perform rituals online; and commercials often adopt religious symbols to brand nonreligious products. In other words, we find religious people or organizations that use (and even own) different media platforms as channels of communication; we also see that religious imageries are more and more put to use in the secular domain for nonreligious purposes.
This article will analyze how and why Buddhists have resorted to social and digital media and even robotics to preach the Dharma and attract potential new followers, but also to redefine their public image in the wider Chinese society. This study also will ask whether the state has directed or merely engaged with this new Dharma media-enterprise, and in what way. In addressing these questions, one section of this article will explore the creation of the robot-monk Xian’er (at the Longquan Monastery, Beijing). Xian’er’s creation will be considered in relation to similar androids, placed in dialogue with the current debate on the use of robotics in religion, and viewed from posthumanist perspectives.
Deep Caller for Ocean Acoustic Releases
Authors: van Haren Hans , Laan Martin , Asjes Sander , Denissen Bas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe relate about the custom-made modification of a Benthos deep-ocean acoustic release into a “deep caller,” an acoustic transducer for calling and releasing ocean acoustic transponding releases that cannot be reached from a standard deck unit. The self-contained deep caller can be lowered down to 12 km on any nonconducting winch cable. It may prove useful to retrieve subsurface instrumentation like a seafloor lander hidden behind large rocks or in a narrow canyon, or moorings in very deep topographic depressions. We used it to retrieve a 7-km-long mooring from 10 910-m depth in the Challenger Deep, Mariana Trench, that a standard deck unit could not reach.
Evaluation of the morphometric covariation between palatal and craniofacial skeletal morphology in class III malocclusion growing subjects
Authors: Paoloni V. , Gastaldi G. , Franchi L. , De razza F. C. , Cozza P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo study the covariation between palatal and craniofacial skeletal morphology in Class III growing patients through geometric morphometric analysis (GMM).MethodsIn this retrospective study, 54 Class III subjects (24F,30M;7.6 ± 0.8yy) were enrolled following these inclusion criteria: European ancestry, Class III skeletal and dental relationship, early mixed dentition, prepubertal skeletal maturation, familiarity for Class III malocclusion, no pseudo Class III malocclusion. Each patient provided upper digital cast and cephalogram before starting the therapy. Landmarks and semilandmarks were digitized (239 on the casts;121 on the lateral radiographs) and GMM was used. Procrustes analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to show the principal components of palatal and craniofacial skeletal shape variation. Two-block partial least squares analysis (PLS) was used to assess pattern of covariation between palatal and craniofacial morphology.ResultsRegarding palatal shape variation, PC with largest variance (PC1) described morphological changes in the three space dimensions, while, concerning the craniofacial complex components, PC1 revealed morphological differences along the vertical plane. A significant covariation was found between palatal and craniofacial shape. PLS1 accounted for more than 61,7% of the whole covariation, correlating the craniofacial divergence to palatal height and width.ConclusionsIn Class III subjects increments of angle divergence are related to a narrow and high palate.