bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual Role of Rbpj in the Maintenance of Neural Progenitor Cells and Neuronal Migration in Cortical Development
Authors: Son Alexander I , Mohammad Shahid , Sasaki Toru , Ishii Seiji , Yamashita Satoshi , Hashimoto-Torii Kazue , Torii Masaaki 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe development of the cerebral cortex is directed by a series of methodically precise events, including progenitor cell proliferation, neural differentiation, and cell positioning. Over the past decade, many studies have demonstrated the critical contributions of Notch signaling in neurogenesis, including that in the developing telencephalon. However, in vivo evidence for the role of Notch signaling in cortical development still remains limited partly due to the redundant functions of four mammalian Notch paralogues and embryonic lethality of the knockout mice. Here, we utilized the conditional deletion and in vivo gene manipulation of Rbpj, a transcription factor that mediates signaling by all four Notch receptors, to overcome these challenges and examined the specific roles of Rbpj in cortical development. We report severe structural abnormalities in the embryonic and postnatal cerebral cortex in Rbpj conditional knockout mice, which provide strong in vivo corroboration of previously reported functions of Notch signaling in neural development. Our results also provide evidence for a novel dual role of Rbpj in cell type-specific regulation of two key developmental events in the cerebral cortex: the maintenance of the undifferentiated state of neural progenitor cells, and the radial and tangential allocation of neurons, possibly through stage-dependent differential regulation of Ngn1.
Use of Drug-level Testing and Single-genome Sequencing to Unravel a Case of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Seroconversion on Pre-exposure Prophylaxis
Authors: Spinelli Matthew A , Lowery Brentton , Shuford Jennifer A , Spindler Jon , Kearney Mary F , McFarlane Jenny R , McDonald Cheryl , Okochi Hideaki , Phung Nhi , Kuncze Karen , Jee Kathryn , Johannessen DeeJay , Anderson Peter L , Smith Dawn K , Defechereux Patricia , Grant Robert M , Gandhi Monica 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Cases of seroconversion on pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) should be carefully investigated, given their public health implications and rarity. We report a case of transmitted drug resistance causing seroconversion on PrEP in spite of high adherence, confirmed with dried blood spot and segmental hair drug-level testing and single-genome sequencing.
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Events in Patients Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: Tan Boun Kim , Chalouni Mathieu , Ceron Dominique Salmon , Cinaud Alexandre , Esterle Laure , Loko Marc Arthur , Katlama Christine , Poizot-Martin Isabelle , Neau Didier , Chas Julie , Morlat Philippe , Rosenthal Eric , Lacombe Karine , Naqvi Alissa , Barange Karl , Bouchaud Olivier , Gervais Anne , Lascoux-Combe Caroline , Garipuy Daniel , Alric Laurent , Goujard Cécile , Miailhes Patrick , Aumaitre Hugues , Duvivier Claudine , Simon Anne , Lopez-Zaragoza Jose-Luis , Zucman David , Raffi François , Lazaro Estibaliz , Rey David , Piroth Lionel , Boué François , Gilbert Camille , Bani-Sadr Firouzé , Dabis François , Sogni’ Philippe , Wittkop Linda , Boccara Franck ,   ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH study group
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAn increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) was reported in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), without identifying factors associated with atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) events.MethodsHIV-HCV coinfected patients were enrolled in the Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les hépatites virales (ANRS) CO13 HEPAVIH nationwide cohort. Primary outcome was total ASCVD events. Secondary outcomes were coronary and/or cerebral ASCVD events, and peripheral artery disease (PAD) ASCVD events. Incidences were estimated using the Aalen-Johansen method. Factors associated with ASCVD were identified using cause-specific Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsAt baseline, median age of the study population (N = 1213) was 45.4 (interquartile range [IQR] 42.1−49.0) years and 70.3% were men. After a median follow-up of 5.1 (IQR 3.9−7.0) years, the incidence was 6.98 (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.19−9.38) per 1000 person-years for total ASCVD events, 4.01 (2.78−6.00) for coronary and/or cerebral events, and 3.17 (2.05−4.92) for PAD ASCVD events. Aging (hazard ratio [HR] 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01−1.12), prior CVD (HR 8.48; 95% CI, 3.14−22.91), high total cholesterol (HR 1.43; 95% CI, 1.11−1.83), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HR 0.22; 95% CI, 0.08−0.63), statin use (HR 3.31; 95% CI, 1.31−8.38), and high alcohol intake (HR 3.18; 95% CI, 1.35−7.52) were independently associated with total ASCVD events, whereas undetectable baseline viral load (HR 0.41, 95% CI, 0.18−0.96) was associated with coronary and/or cerebral events.ConclusionsHIV-HCV coinfected patients experienced a high incidence of ASCVD events. Some traditional cardiovascular risk factors were the main determinants of ASCVD. Controlling cholesterol abnormalities and maintaining undetectable HIV RNA are essential to control cardiovascular risk.
Outcome of Dialysis-Requiring Acute Kidney Injury in Patients With Infective Endocarditis: A Nationwide Study
Authors: Petersen Jeppe Kofoed , Jensen Andreas Dalsgaard , Bruun Niels Eske , Kamper Anne-Lise , Butt Jawad Haider , Havers-Borgersen Eva , Chaudry Mavish S , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Køber Lars , Fosbøl Emil Loldrup , Østergaard Lauge 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Infective endocarditis (IE) may be complicated by acute kidney injury, yet data on the use of dialysis and subsequent reversibility are sparse.

Methods
Using Danish nationwide registries, we identified patients with first-time IE from 2000 to 2017. Dialysis-naïve patients were grouped into: those with and those without dialysis during admission with IE. Continuation of dialysis was followed 1 year postdischarge. Multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to examine 1-year mortality for patients surviving IE according to use of dialysis.

Results
We included 7307 patients with IE; 416 patients (5.7%) initiated dialysis treatment during admission with IE and these were younger, had more comorbidities and more often underwent cardiac valve surgery compared with nondialysis patients (47.4% vs 20.9%). In patients with both cardiac valve surgery and dialysis treatment (n = 197), 153 (77.7%) initiated dialysis on or after the date of surgery. The in-hospital mortality was 40.4% and 19.0% for patients with and without dialysis, respectively (P &lt; .0001). Of those who started dialysis and survived hospitalization, 21.6% continued dialysis treatment within 1 year after discharge. In multivariable adjusted analysis, dialysis during admission with IE was associated with an increased 1-year mortality from IE discharge, hazard ratio = 1.64 (95% confidence interval, 1.21–2.23).

Conclusion
In dialysis-naïve patients with IE, approximately 1 in 20 patients initiated dialysis treatment during admission with IE. Dialysis identified a high-risk group with an in-hospital mortality of 40% and an approximate 20% risk of continued dialysis. Those with dialysis during admission with IE showed worse long-term outcomes than those without.
Decision Making and Implementation of the First Public Sector Introduction of Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine—Navi Mumbai, India, 2018
Authors: Date Kashmira , Shimpi Rahul , Luby Stephen , N Ramaswami , Haldar Pradeep , Katkar Arun , Wannemuehler Kathleen , Mogasale Vittal , Pallas Sarah , Song Dayoung , Kunwar Abhishek , Loharikar Anagha , Yewale Vijay , Ahmed Danish , Horng Lily , Wilhelm Elisabeth , Bahl Sunil , Harvey Pauline , Dutta Shanta , Bhatnagar Pankaj 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Typhoid fever prevention and control efforts are critical in an era of rising antimicrobial resistance among typhoid pathogens. India remains one of the highest typhoid disease burden countries, although a highly efficacious typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV), prequalified by the World Health Organization in 2017, has been available since 2013. In 2018, the Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation (NMMC) introduced TCV into its immunization program, targeting children aged 9 months to 14 years in 11 of 22 areas (Phase 1 campaign). We describe the decision making, implementation, and delivery costing to inform TCV use in other settings.

Methods
We collected information on the decision making and campaign implementation in addition to administrative coverage from NMMC and partners. We then used a microcosting approach from the local government (NMMC) perspective, using a new Microsoft Excel–based tool to estimate the financial and economic vaccination campaign costs.

Results
The planning and implementation of the campaign were led by NMMC with support from multiple partners. A fixed-post campaign was conducted during weekends and public holidays in July–August 2018 which achieved an administrative vaccination coverage of 71% (ranging from 46% in high-income to 92% in low-income areas). Not including vaccine and vaccination supplies, the average financial cost and economic cost per dose of TCV delivery were $0.45 and $1.42, respectively.

Conclusion
The first public sector TCV campaign was successfully implemented by NMMC, with high administrative coverage in slums and low-income areas. Delivery cost estimates provide important inputs to evaluate the cost-effectiveness and affordability of TCV vaccination through public sector preventive campaigns.
Disease Prevention Not Decolonization: A Model for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Patients Colonized With Multidrug-resistant Organisms
Authors: Ghani Rohma , Mullish Benjamin H , McDonald Julie A K , Ghazy Anan , Williams Horace R T , Brannigan Eimear T , Mookerjee Siddharth , Satta Giovanni , Gilchrist Mark , Duncan Neill , Corbett Richard , Innes Andrew J , Pavlů Jiří , Thursz Mark R , Davies Frances , Marchesi Julian R 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) yields variable intestinal decolonization results for multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). This study showed significant reductions in antibiotic duration, bacteremia, and length of stay in 20 patients colonized/infected with MDRO receiving FMT (compared with pre-FMT history, and a matched group not receiving FMT), despite modest decolonization rates.
The complex interplay between kidney injury and inflammation
Authors: McWilliam Stephen J , Wright Rachael D , Welsh Gavin I , Tuffin Jack , Budge Kelly L , Swan Laura , Wilm Thomas , Martinas Ioana-Roxana , Littlewood James , Oni Louise 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) has gained significant attention following patient safety alerts about the increased risk of harm to patients, including increased mortality and hospitalization. Common causes of AKI include hypovolaemia, nephrotoxic medications, ischaemia and acute glomerulonephritis, although in reality it may be undetermined or multifactorial. A period of inflammation either as a contributor to the kidney injury or resulting from the injury is almost universally seen. This article was compiled following a workshop exploring the interplay between injury and inflammation. AKI is characterized by some degree of renal cell death through either apoptosis or necrosis, together with a strong inflammatory response. Studies interrogating the resolution of renal inflammation identify a whole range of molecules that are upregulated and confirm that the kidneys are able to intrinsically regenerate after an episode of AKI, provided the threshold of damage is not too high. Kidneys are unable to generate new nephrons, and dysfunctional or repeated episodes will lead to further nephron loss that is ultimately associated with the development of renal fibrosis and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The AKI to CKD transition is a complex process mainly facilitated by maladaptive repair mechanisms. Early biomarkers mapping out this process would allow a personalized approach to identifying patients with AKI who are at high risk of developing fibrosis and subsequent CKD. This review article highlights this process and explains how laboratory models of renal inflammation and injury assist with understanding the underlying disease process and allow interrogation of medications aimed at targeting the mechanistic interplay.
Seasonal rainfall in subtropical montane cloud forests drives demographic fluctuations in a Green-backed Tit population
Authors: Shiao Ming-Tang , Chuang Mei-Chen , Yuan Hsiao-Wei , Wang Ying 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Montane birds are vulnerable to climate change. However, the mechanisms by which weather drives demographic processes in montane birds have seldom been investigated. We conducted a long-term study (2009–2019) on the Green-backed Tit (Parus monticolus), an insectivorous passerine, in the montane cloud forest of subtropical Taiwan. We explored the effects of weather variability on the productivity and survival of adult Green-backed Tits. Nest survival was negatively associated with seasonal rainfall during the breeding season (April–July) and was lower in early clutches than in late clutches. Higher typhoon-induced precipitation during the postbreeding period (July–September) was related to reduced adult survival, but neither summer temperature nor winter weather conditions were found to be related to adult bird survival. We developed a stochastic simulation model for Green-backed Tit population dynamics based on empirical data. We compared the simulated time-series and observed population growth rates (λ) and found that 80% (8/10 yr) of the observed λ fell within the 5th and 95th percentiles of the simulated data over the 10-yr period. Moreover, the simulated average (± standard deviation) of the geometric mean of λ over 10 yr (1.05 ± 0.07) was close to that observed from 2009 to 2019 (0.99), which provided confidence that the model effectively simulated the population growth rate of the Green-backed Tit. We conducted a sensitivity analysis for λ and found that juvenile and adult survival influenced by typhoon-induced rainfall were the greatest contributors to the variance in the growth rate of the Green-backed Tit population. With the onset of intensified seasonal precipitation associated with global warming, the population growth and density of Green-backed Tits will decline substantially. Our results suggest that under scenarios of high emissions of greenhouse gas, this local population of Green-backed Tits will not persist in the near future.
Family-Centered Care in the Transition to Early Hearing Intervention
Authors: Nickbakht Mansoureh , Meyer Carly , Scarinci Nerina , Beswick Rachael 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to explore and compare families’ and professionals’ perspectives on the implementation of family-centered care (FCC) (Moeller, Carr, Seaver, Stredler-Brown, & Holzinger, 2013) during the period between diagnosis of hearing loss (HL) and enrollment in early intervention (EI). A convergent mixed-methods study incorporating self-report questionnaires and semistructured in-depth interviews was used. Seventeen family members of children with HL and the 11 professionals who support these families participated in this study. The results suggested that the services engaged during the transition period partially adhered to the principles of FCC, including the provision of timely access to EI services and provision of emotional and social support. However, areas for improvement identified include strengthening family/professional partnerships, shared decision-making processes, collaborative teamwork, program monitoring, and consistency in the provision of information and support. Qualitative and quantitative research findings also indicated a lack of consistency in service provision during the transition period.
Management of ventricular electrical storm: a contemporary appraisal
Authors: Kowlgi Gurukripa N , Cha Yong-Mei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Ventricular electrical storm (VES) is a clinical scenario characterized by the clustering of multiple episodes of sustained ventricular arrhythmias (VA) over a short duration. Patients with VES are prone to psychological disorders, heart failure decompensation, and increased mortality. Studies have shown that 10–28% of the patients with secondary prevention ICDs can sustain VES. The triad of a susceptible electrophysiologic substrate, triggers, and autonomic dysregulation govern the pathogenesis of VES. The rate of VA, underlying ventricular function, and the presence of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) determine the clinical presentation. A multi-faceted approach is often required for management consisting of acute hemodynamic stabilization, ICD reprogramming when appropriate, antiarrhythmic drug therapy, and sedation. Some patients may be eligible for catheter ablation, and autonomic modulation with thoracic epidural anesthesia, stellate ganglion block, or cardiac sympathetic denervation. Hemodynamically unstable patients may benefit from the use of left ventricular assist devices, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Special scenarios such as idiopathic ventricular fibrillation, Brugada syndrome, Long and short QT syndrome, early repolarization syndrome, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, and cardiac sarcoidosis have been described as well. VES is a cardiac emergency that requires swift intervention. It is associated with poor short and long-term outcomes. A structured team-based management approach is paramount for the safe and effective treatment of this sick cohort.
Primary care visits can reduce the risk of potentially avoidable hospitalizations among persons with diabetes in France
Authors: Georgescu Vera , Green Anders , Jensen Peter B , Möller Sören , Renard Eric , Mercier Gregoire 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Diabetes is a frequent chronic condition, which can lead to costly complications if not managed well in the primary care setting. Potentially avoidable hospitalizations (PAH) are considered as an indirect measure of primary care. However, the association between primary care use and PAH in diabetic patients has not been investigated in France.

Methods
We investigate the association between primary care indicators and PAH at an individual level among persons with diabetes in a population-based cohort study on the French national health insurance database (EGB sample). PAH occurrence in 2013 was modeled as a function of primary care use and access, health status and socio-economic indicators over the exposure period 2011–12 using a cause-specific hazards model with death as a competing event.

Results
We included 25 293 diabetics in our cohort, among which 385 (1.5%) experienced at least 1 PAH in 2013. After adjustment on health status indicators, primary care use had a protective effect against PAH. Diabetic patients who had seen a general practitioner (GP) 10–14 times had a reduced hazard of PAH compared to less frequent encounters (HR=0.49, P&lt;0.001). The effect size decreased when the number of encounters increased, suggesting a remaining confounding effect of health status.

Conclusions
For the first time in France, this study shows a protective effect of the number of GP encounters against PAH at an individual level and highlights the importance of a frequent monitoring of diabetic patients in the primary care setting to prevent PAH occurrence.
Statistical rock physics inversion of elastic and electrical properties for CO2 sequestration studies
Authors: Ayani Mohit , Grana Dario 
Published: July 2020

SUMMARYWe present a statistical rock physics inversion of the elastic and electrical properties to estimate the petrophysical properties and quantify the associated uncertainty. The inversion method combines statistical rock physics modeling with Bayesian inverse theory. The model variables of interest are porosity and fluid saturations. The rock physics model includes the elastic and electrical components and can be applied to the results of seismic and electromagnetic inversion. To describe the non-Gaussian behaviour of the model properties, we adopt non-parametric probability density functions to sample multimodal and skewed distributions of the model variables. Different from machine learning approach, the proposed method is not completely data-driven but is based on a statistical rock physics model to link the model parameters to the data. The proposed method provides pointwise posterior distributions of the porosity and CO2 saturation along with the most-likely models and the associated uncertainty. The method is validated using synthetic and real data acquired for CO2 sequestration studies in different formations: the Rock Springs Uplift in Southwestern Wyoming and the Johansen formation in the North Sea, offshore Norway. The proposed approach is validated under different noise conditions and compared to traditional parametric approaches based on Gaussian assumptions. The results show that the proposed method provides an accurate inversion framework where instead of fitting the relationship between the model and the data, we account for the uncertainty in the rock physics model.
Regulation, diversity and function of MECP2 exon and 3′UTR isoforms
Authors: Rodrigues Deivid Carvalho , Mufteev Marat , Ellis James 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) is a critical global regulator of gene expression. Mutations in MECP2 cause neurodevelopmental disorders including Rett syndrome (RTT). MECP2 exon 2 is spliced into two alternative messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) isoforms encoding MECP2-E1 or MECP2-E2 protein isoforms that differ in their N-termini. MECP2-E2, isolated first, was used to define the general roles of MECP2 in methyl-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) binding, targeting of transcriptional regulatory complexes, and its disease-causing impact in RTT. It was later found that MECP2-E1 is the most abundant isoform in the brain and its exon 1 is also mutated in RTT. MECP2 transcripts undergo alternative polyadenylation generating mRNAs with four possible 3′untranslated region (UTR) lengths ranging from 130 to 8600 nt. Together, the exon and 3′UTR isoforms display remarkable abundance disparity across cell types and tissues during development. These findings indicate discrete means of regulation and suggest that protein isoforms perform non-overlapping roles. Multiple regulatory programs have been explored to explain these disparities. DNA methylation patterns of the MECP2 promoter and first intron impact MECP2-E1 and E2 isoform levels. Networks of microRNAs and RNA-binding proteins also post-transcriptionally regulate the stability and translation efficiency of MECP2 3′UTR isoforms. Finally, distinctions in biophysical properties in the N-termini between MECP2-E1 and E2 lead to variable protein stabilities and DNA binding dynamics. This review describes the steps taken from the discovery of MECP2, the description of its key functions, and its association with RTT, to the emergence of evidence revealing how MECP2 isoforms are differentially regulated at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational levels.