bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study on FeCrAl Alloy and NiCrSi Alloy Materials as Heating Element at Low Energy Oven
Authors: Syakur Abdul , Vingtsabta Veinard , Swastawati Fronthea , Wijayanti Ima 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this era we need lower energy consumption in electronic devices, example on oven. There is a heating element inside the oven. The heating element should produce high temperature with low energy consumption. Heating element in this research use FeCrAl alloy and NiCrSi alloy. FeCrAl alloy or Kanthal A-1 wire consists of 20% chromium, aluminum and ferum. NiCrSi or Nichrome 80 consist of 80% nickel, 19,5% chromium and 1,45 silicon. The reason using these both wire, because both of wire have high resistivity and produce high temperature. In this research using FeCrAl alloy and NiCrSi alloy 0,8 mm with variations in coil diameter 10 mm. Both of wire applied in oven 40 cm x 40 cm x 50 cm to produce 40 °C . From FeCrAl alloy dan NiCrSi alloy to produce 40 °C with same voltage input, NiCrSi 0,8 mm with 10 mm diameter produced power 170 Watt took 4.4 minutes to reach 40 °C and the energy consumption is 12,5 Wh. With same diameter FeCrAl produced power 210 W took 4,4 minutes to reach 40 °C and energy consumption is 15,4 Wh. From the data results show that the NiCrSi alloy has lower resistance value than the FeCrAl Alloy. It can be concluded that NiCrSi alloy diameter of 0.8 mm with a winding diameter of 10 mm consumes low energy in generating heat.
Optimization of aqueous extraction of blue dye from butterfly pea flower
Authors: Baskaran A , Mudalib S K A , Izirwan I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Dyes are widely used in industries such as textiles, leather, paper, and plastics to colour the final products. People use natural sources such as stem, bark, leaves, roots and flowers to get different colours for dyeing purposes. In addition, natural colorants such as anthocyanins are known for their possible health benefits as dietary antioxidants. The objectives of this study are to extract the blue dye from the butterfly pea flower using maceration method and to determine the optimum condition by response surface methodology. The flowers were dried, grinded and went through the maceration method for the extraction process. Response surface models were developed correlating the extraction yield with three parameters namely residence time, temperature and solid to liquid ratio. The result from this experiment was optimized using response surface methodology to obtain the optimum condition at temperature 54 °C, extraction time 74 minutes and solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:37 to give extraction yield of 45.51 %.
Comparison of extraction sequence on yield and physico-chemical characteristic of chitosan from shrimp shell waste
Authors: William W , Wid N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The focus of this study was to compare the yield and characteristics of chitosan produced from different sequences of treatment for deproteination, demineralization and deacetylation. In Process 1, deproteination occurred in the first step followed by demineralization and deacetylation. While Process 2 was started with demineralization step and followed by deproteination and deacetylation. The results show that the percentage yield of chitosan was slightly higher when Process 2 was adopted with 22.22 %. However, the process produced chitosan with lower degree of deacetylation and solubility with high ash content, which were 76.47 %, 37.79 % and 2.67 %, respectively. While, when Process 1 was carried out, the degree of deacetylation of chitosan, solubility and ash content were improved to 91.26 %, 100 % and 0.38 %, respectively, with lower yield of 19.01 %. Therefore, this study suggests the extraction process should be performed by carrying out deproteination step before demineralization and deacetylation (Process 1) to produce a good quality of chitosan.
Growth and phenolic constituents production of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa var. UKMR-2) in response to soil media
Authors: Aishah M A Siti , Rohana T , Masni M A , Jalifah L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Plant phenolic content frequently varies in response to the changes in the environment and genetic factors. However, studies on the response of phenolic contents when cultivating under different soil media is still scarce. The present study investigates the phenolic constituents’ production and growth quality of Hibiscus sabdariffa var. UKMR-2 in response to different soil media formulation ratio of topsoil, organic matter and sand. The cultivation using two different media; Soil Media 1 (SM1) with 2:1:1 v/v and Soil Media 2 (SM2) with 2:1:2 v/v. The UKMR-2 calyx extract was analysed for total phenolic (TPC), total anthocyanin (TAC), antioxidant activity (in IC50) and evaluated based on HPLC-PDA. The result showed the mean value for SM1 and SM2 treatment, respectively: TPC was 2.54±0.34 and 2.47±0.34 mg GAE / g DW; TAC was 8.06±1.11 and 7.86±1.99 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents / g DW; IC50 value was 0.146±0.018 and 0.210±0.063 mg/mL. The HPLC-PDA showed the presence of delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside and cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside. The cultivation using SM1 tends to increase plant growth, calyx yields, phenolic constituents’ production and antioxidant activity. However, the different soil media ratio has no significant influence on the growth and phenolic constituent production (p > 0.05). In general, SM1 (2:1:1 v/v) soil media ratio may produce better growth, higher percentage yield and phenolic constituents’ for UKMR-2 cultivation.
Effects of chitosan and ascorbic acid coating on the chilled tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) fillet
Authors: Lee J S , Jahurul M H A , Pua V C , Shapawi R , Chan P T 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The effect of chitosan-based coating containing ascorbic acid (AA) for shelf-life extension of chilled (4 °C) tilapia fish fillet was evaluated over a 15-day duration of storage. A 3 X 3 Factorial Design comprising three concentrations of ascorbic acid (0, 2.5 and 5% w/v) and three concentrations of chitosan (1, 1.5 and 2% w/v) were used. The fish fillets were analyzed for aerobic plate count, lipid peroxidation, aw and pH changes throughout the duration of storage. The shelf-life of coated fillets (1.5 and 2%) was lengthened up to 15 days as compared to uncoated one (less than 6 days). The lipid oxidation of fillet with chitosan and AA (2C-5AA) was reported to be four times lower than that of the uncoated sample. The pH and awof fish fillet coated with chitosan were lower than that of uncoated sample. The addition of ascorbic acid in chitosan coating further improved the oxidation inhibition by giving a lowered pH and aw changes for the duration of the storage. In conclusion, 2% chitosan coating added with 5% AA was the most effective coating to enhance the shelf life of chilled tilapia fish fillet.
Body Size and Morphological Characteristics in sex determination of Humphead Wrasse Cheilinus undulatus in captivity
Authors: Tan B L , Ching F F , Senoo S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study was aimed to identify the sex of humphead wrasse, Cheilinus undulatus kept in captivity based on body sizes and morphological characteristics. There were 65 tails of C. undulatus broodstocks reared in the captivity throughout six months of research period and fed daily with enrich prey fish (Sardinella sp.). Growth parameters and morphological characteristics such as presence of eyeline, hump on head and genital papillae, of the C. undulatus were carried out. These findings revealed in captivity, female of C. undulatus (n=13) attained an average body weight of 2.78 kg and total length 47.10 cm meanwhile male of C. undulatus attained larger body weight (14.62 kg) and total length exceeding size of female (89.30 cm). C. undulatus performed an isometric growth pattern (b = 2.9487) with condition factor of above 0.2. Morphologically, female was identified with the noticeable alleviation of the hump on its head and the visibility of eyeline behind its eyes which was not seen in male. This study concluded sex of C. undulatus in captivity is differentiated through body size and morphological features and take longer time in sex transition, thus balanced sex ratio for good broodstock management can be controlled to develop appropriate breeding protocol.
Applicability of Palm Oil Fuel Ash in Interlocking Compressed Earth Brick – A Preliminary Assessment
Authors: Tonduba Y W , Mirasa A K , Asrah H 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the preliminary assessment on the applicability of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) as one of the materials used to produce interlocking compressed earth brick (ICEB). Ultrafine size POFA was used to replace the main ingredient for ICEB production which is the clay soil. The percentages of replacement were limited to 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60% by weight of the total clay soil material. The main purpose of conducting the experiment is to identify the most desirable mix through compressive strength test. Result showed that, at the curing age of 28 days, the compressive strength of mixture that substituted with 30%–60% of ultrafine POFA achieved higher strength than the control mixture. Meanwhile, the highest compressive strength was obtained by batch series CP50 (50% clay soil + 50% ultrafine POFA). The experimental studies specified that ultrafine POFA has significant possibilities for application in manufacturing ICEB.
Acetylcholinesterase from the brain of Monopterus albus as detection of metal ions
Authors: Khalidi S A M , Sabullah M K , Sani S A , Ahmad S A , Shukor M Y , Jaafar ’I N M , Gunasekaran B 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOverwhelming amount of heavy metals discharged due to industrialization is a serious global concern. Thus, an investigation was done on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from Asian swamp eel,Monopterus albus, as an alternative biosensor to detect various metal ions. AChE from the brain ofM. albuswas purified through ammonium sulphate precipitation and procainamide affinity chromatography. Enzyme recovery was obtained at 38.73% with the specific activity of 1847 U μg−1. The Michaelis constant (Km) value and maximal velocity (Vmax) were determined at 8.910 mM and 29.44 μmol min−1mg−1, respectively for acetylthiocholine iodide (ATC). Based on effective coefficient ratio, AChE fromM. albusbrain showed higher affinity to ATC compared to butyrylthiocholine iodide (BTC) and propionylthiocholine iodide (PTC) at the value of 3.304, 1.515, 2.965 Vmax.Km−1respectively. Optimum activity of AChE was obtained at 40°C and incubated in 0.1M Tris HCl buffer pH 9.0. Inhibition study performed on 10 heavy metals resulted in this descending order of inhibition mercury<chromium<zinc<copper<arsenic<silver<cobalt<cadmium<lead<nickel, with mercury and chromium showing more than 50% inhibition at 10 ppm. Data from this study can be further utilized to develop a cheaper, easier, and faster heavy metal detection method as compared to conventional methods available.
Assessment of Monopterus albus liver as a source of Cholinesterase for the detection of heavy metals
Authors: Sabullah Mohd Khalizan , Khalidi Siti Aishah Muhammad , Wahid Dg. Nooralizan Abd. , Sani Suraya Abd. , Abdulla Rahmath , Faik Ainol Azifa Mohd , Gansau Jualang Azlan , Ahmad Siti Aqlima , Shukor Mohd Yunus 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHeavy metals pollution has now become a serious environmental problem worldwide especially in Malaysia River. As a precaution, continuous environmental monitoring is needed to minimize heavy metal to the ecosystem. Inhibitive enzyme assay based on enzyme including cholinesterase has been introduced as a rapid, cheap and reliable method to assess the level of contamination in the river. In this study, the Asian swamp eel,Monopterus albus, was selected and determined of the sensitivity level towards heavy metals. The liver of M. albus was extracted and purified using ion exchange chromatography of which DEAE sepharose as the matrix of the column. Based on the Ellman assay, cholinesterase was obtained at 4.86 purification fold with the percentage recovery of 30.32 %. The enzyme works optimally at pH 9 (0.1 M Tris-HCl buffer) and 25 °C, while BTC; 369×103U.mg−1was selected as the preferable substrate which shows highest catalytic efficiencies compared to ATC and BTC at 1457 × 103, 1220 × 103and 488 × 103Vmax.Km−1, respectively, Cholinesterase was tested with eight metal ions at the concentration of 5 ppm and the ascending order of inhibition is as followed; arsenic = chromium ⩽ plumbum ⩽ copper ⩽ argentum = nickel < mercury. From this study, the ability of cholinesterase partially purified from the liver tissue ofM. albushas the potential to be an assay for heavy metals.
Public Perception to Littering in Greenspaces: A Case Study in Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Abdul Aziz Nor Akmar , Lukhman Arief Aiman , Chubo John Keen , Daud Dayangku Shazana Rawaida Awangku 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Greenspaces are central to the success of cities. However, what is normally found while walking in local parks or greenspaces are empty cans, bottles, food wrappers and other litters that ruin the aesthetic beauty of the site. Increase in the number of visitors visiting parks in Malaysia has resulted in a growing littering problem. Some parks even received numerous complaints regarding litter. In order to understand the problem of littering in parks, a study was conducted with the objective of identifying factors influencing peoples’ littering behaviour in Pantai Temasya Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia. A total of 178 set of questionnaires were distributed to visitors at Pantai Temasya Bintulu, Sarawak, which is a popular recreational park in Bintulu. Data collected was encoded into the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) and analysed accordingly. The study found more male (61.8%) than female (38.2%) respondents have done littering in the past. While more Chinese (73.1%) respondents admitted to littering than any other races. With regards to marital status, singles (64.2%) and those without children (64.4%) top the list for littering. Respondents of the age group of 17 to 25-year-old (70.6%) recorded a high percentage for littering as compared to other age groups. Respondents with only a primary school (66.7%) education have a higher tendency to litter. Besides, jobless adults and students also dominated the chart for littering for the occupation profile. Parallel with that, the income group which those without any source of income (65.3%) was the highest to admit to littering. The study identified attitude to be the highest factor influencing littering among visitors with nearly 65% respondents agreeing to it. Meanwhile, beverage containers such as aluminium cans, glass and plastic bottles were found to be the type of litter most frequently found in Pantai Temasya Bintulu. Studies on public perception towards littering are essential for administrative and strategic planning of litter control. In the case of Pantai Temasya Bintulu, early education and awareness campaigns are seen to be the best approach to instil good attitudes among the visitors.
Multi-temporal Land-Cover Classification of Kinabalu Eco-Linc Site and the Protected Park Areas
Authors: Miuse C F , Kamlun K U 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Crocker Range Park and Kinabalu Park are Sabah’s largest terrestrial parks physically separated by approximately 10 km. Both parks are involved in a set up plan of ecological linkages to connect and further strengthen the biodiversity conservation efforts in the State of Sabah. The part of ecological linkages project is known as Kinabalu Eco-Linc (Kinabalu Ecological Linkage). This study is designed to monitor the land use change of the area between year 1991 - 2018 using Landsat imagery. Maximum likelihood classifier was used to create the land cover change map of both protected areas. Seven land cover type were identified in the area which comprises of primary forest, secondary forest, shrubland/grassland, barren land, agriculture, plantation, and river. The result illustrated a drastic declined of primary forest and increased secondary forest and agricultural over the period of 28-years assessed. The spatial changes that occur throughout the period within state park and KEL area is drives by natural and anthropogenic activities. To support the increase in local population and their demand, the natural environment underwent changes for their welfare improvement. It is concluded that, monitoring protected area using remote sensing technique provide useful spatiotemporal data to locate key areas that are vulnerable to threat and can be utilized for better management of both protected areas and human use resources in adjacent area.
Tailoring Structural and Optical Properties of Composite Glass with Rice Husk Fibre (RHF) as Additive Materials
Authors: Piara S N H , Awang A , Dayou J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper reports the effect of additional of rice husk fibre (RHF) with various sizes ranging from 63μm, 125μm and 250μm on the structural and optical properties of glasses. A series of glass with composition of 69.50TeO2 – 20ZnO – 10Na2O – 0.50Er2O3 – (x)0.2%RHF (x = 63μm, 125μm, 250μm) are synthesized by using melt-quenching technique. XRD pattern shows the nonexistence of sharp peak reflect the amorphous nature of glass without RHF content. However, an addition of RHF in glass matrix shows the appearance of sharp peaks signifies the contribution of cristobalite due to the incorporation of rice husk. SEM image of glass containing 125μm RHF illustrates the glass surface morphology. The respective EDX spectra of glass containing 125μm RHF verify the elemental traces of carbon, oxygen, sodium, zinc, tellurium, aluminium, silicon, copper, calcium and erbium. The variation in absorption coefficient of glass with additional of different sizes of RHF are observed due to the lowering value of α.
Parametric Model for Estimation of Mass Concentration based on Particle Count Distribution for Ambient Air Monitoring
Authors: Francis A S , Chee F P , Chang J H W , Sentian J , Dayou J , Payus C M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The application of optical based instrument in particulate matter monitoring has gained interest among researchers in recent years due to their high degree automation in providing real time reading of particulate matter concentrations. Such instrument usually comes in compact form making it compatible for in-situ monitoring especially for dense monitoring network. Theoretically, optical based instrument is unable to measure the mass concentration of particulate matter which is the key parameter in air quality monitoring. Instead, the mass concentration is calculated based on particle size distribution under assumptions that all particles is spherical using a known density. This being said, the accuracy of the reported mass concentration by optical instrument can be easily deteriorated if one of these assumptions is violated. Therefore, there is a need for a thorough evaluation on the particle to mass conversion factor in order to improve the accuracy of the reported mass concentrations by an optical instrument. In this study, the reported mass concentration from an optical based instrument as a function of particle distribution through random air sampling was investigated. The obtained data was then used to develop a parametric model for calculation of particulate mass concentration based on particle count distribution. The model developed was evaluated at several site and reported a good accuracy with high correlation (R2 > 0.97) in estimation of mass concentration.
Impact of Implementing Game Elements in Gamifying Educational Environment: A Study
Authors: Durin F , Lee R , Bade A , On C K , Hamzah N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Gamification is the use of game elements in a non-gaming environments. The aims of implementing game elements in gamifying educational environment is to make the learners engaged and motivated in the learning process. But, some of the research result giving bad impacts in implementing gamification in education. The objective of this research is to study the impact of implementing game elements in education. The aim of this research is to study which game elements is most commonly used in gamifying educational environment. The study is done by reviewing previous research on impacts of implementing game element in education from 2008 until 2018 to see whether the elements giving positive or negative impacts on education. The results shows the most common game elements used in gamification is rewards, feedback, challenge, quest/mission/goal, level/stage, point/score, avatars/players, task, character, time-limit, narrative/dialogue, leaderboards, progress bars, and badges. Majority of the research on gamification in education reports positive impacts by introducing gamification in education. In conclusion, by implementing game elements in the gamifying educational environment is a good method to create a good adjustment in learners’ behavior and assertiveness in the learning process, it can develop engagement and motivation of the learners’.
Flood Susceptibility Analysis (FSA) Using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Model at The Kg. Kolopis area, Penampang, Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Sharir Kamilia , Rodeano Roslee , Mariappan Syalini 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Flooding is one of the major natural disasters in Sabah, Malaysia. Several recent cases of catastrophic flooding were recorded mainly in Kg. Kolopis area, Sabah. Heavy monsoon rainfall has triggered floods and caused significant damage in Kg. Kolopis area. The 2014 floods have affected 5,000 peoples. The objectives of this paper are (i) to determine the Flood Hazard Level (FHL) and (ii) to identify the factors contributing to the flood occurrences. In this study, eight (8) parameters were considered in relation to the causative factors to flooding, which are: rainfall, slope gradient, elevation, drainage density, land use, soil textures, slope curvatures and flow accumulation Flood Hazard Analysis (FHAn) map were produced based on the data collected from the field survey, laboratory analysis, high resolution digital radar images (IFSAR) acquisition, and secondary data in three (3) different period (2002, 2008 and 2014). FHL was defined using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Model integrated with GIS software. The developed model will be a precious resource for consulting, planning agencies and local governments in managing risk, land-use zoning and remediation efforts to mitigate risks. Moreover, the technique applied in this study can easily be extended to other areas, where other factors may be considered, depending on the availability of data.
Soil Erosion Analysis using RUSLE Model at the Minitod Area, Penampang, Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Roslee R , Sharir K 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Soil erosion is one of the leading causes of soil degradation and is often associated with agricultural intensification, deforestation and human activities that did not take care of environmental sustainability. Assessing the soil erosion is essential, and therefore, detail assessment on the prediction of soil erosion and its impacts has been carried out spatially using the application of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) at the Minitod area, Penampang, Sabah, Malaysia. The parameters of the RUSLE model were determined using the Geographical Information System (GIS). There are six factors parameter maps were considered in RUSLE; rainfall erosivity factor (R), soil erodibility (K), slope length and steepness (LS), cover management(C) and conservation practice (P). These factors were calculated to determine their effects on annual soil erosion in the study area. About 36.65% of the study area was classified as very low, 16% as low, 15.71% as moderate, 21.59% as high and 10.09% as very high. Soil erosion hazard has been identified using the model and found to be significant in areas with a slope above 25°. All findings showed that integration of GIS could be used for spatial analysis on a regional scale. Production of the value maps can be applied to development planning areas, especially for housing and agriculture developments.