bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison between Different Perforator Imaging Modalities for the Anterolateral Thigh Perforator Flap Transfer: A Prospective Study
Authors: Ritschl Lucas M. , Fichter Andreas M. , Bomhard Achim von , Koerdt Steffen , Kehl Victoria , Kolk Andreas , Wolff Klaus-Dietrich , Grill Florian D. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Perforator imaging is routinely performed before perforator flap harvest. Hand-held Doppler (hhD) and color duplex ultrasonography (CDU) are currently the most popular radiation-free methods for this purpose that can be applied by the surgeon alone. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy, reliability, and feasibility of hhD and CDU with indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) in the anterolateral thigh perforator flap (ALTPF).
Methods All consecutive ALTPF procedures between May 2017 and April 2018 were included in this prospective study. The perforators were visualized by three investigators independently and randomized, applying hhD, CDU, and ICGA. The presence and the distance to the identified perforator were registered. Further, body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anesthesiologists-status, and the patient's history regarding smoking, alcohol use, and diabetes mellitus were registered alongside gender and age to analyze possible confounders.
Results A total of 12 patients were enrolled with a median age of 67 (52–87) years. In total, 30 perforators were detected intraoperatively as well as with the ICGA. The latter visualized the perforators significantly more precisely than hhD and CDU (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001). The sensitivity and positive predictive value were 67 and 62% for hhD, 73 and 64% for CDU, and 100 and 100% for ICGA, respectively.
Conclusion According to this study, ICGA visualized perforators more accurately than the standard methods hhD and CDU. Further, it was associated with the highest sensitivity and positive predictive value. ICGA consistently delivered excellent results, whereas hhD and CDU showed variability.
The pragmeme of disagreement and its allopracts in English and Serbian political interview discourse
Authors: Radulović Milica , Jovanović Vladimir Ž. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe paper explores the disagreement pragmeme as a culture-bound notion (Mey 2016a,2016b,2001) in the language use of English-speaking and Serbian-speaking politicians. The objectives are to establish the types, frequencies and cultural specificities of disagreement allopracts in political interviews. Furthermore, the research analyses allopracts in relation to the single and multiple dispute profiles (van Eemeren, Houtlosser and Henkemans 2007). The starting assumption is that allopracts will be realised in culturally specific ways despite the fact that the analysed pragmeme belongs to the same communication genre, which is the Immediately Relevanttertium comparationis(Krzeszowski 1990) of the research. The hypothesis to be verified is that the Serbian sub-corpus will yield more examples of strong disagreement. Another aim is to classify the obtained allopracts according to their degrees of strength. The analysis is based on the corpus of 50 political interviews, involving 30 politicians and 262 allopracts.
Enacting ‘Being with You’
Authors: Droste Pepe , Günthner Susanne 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe German second person personal pronounduis commonly described as a deictic “shifter” or a T-address term, which is incorporated as an argument of a predicate. Exploring the ways in which participants use pronouns in everyday interaction, however, shows that these are not the only uses ofdu. In this paper, we examine vocative uses ofduin German everyday interaction. Drawing on methods of Conversation Analysis and Interactional Linguistics, we will show that speakers use vocativedufor the management of being ‘with’ the other in terms of alignment as well as affiliation. Whatdulocally accomplishes, however, is sensitive to its positioning within the temporal unfolding of turns and sequences as well as to the sequential environments in which it is used. Our findings demonstrate the context-sensitivity ofduand underscore the importance of linguistic resources for the interactional establishment and maintenance of social togetherness and sociability.
Eigenfrequency loci crossings, veerings and mode splittings of two cantilevers coupled by an overhang
Authors: Zhang Yin , Petrov Yuri , Zhao Ya-Pu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Eigenfrequency loci veering, which indicates strong mode coupling and sometimes mode localization, is a much sought-after property in the applications of mass sensing and opto/electromechanics. A weak physical coupling is the mechanism responsible for the eigenfrequency loci veering and overhang is a widely used structure to realize such mechanism. A continuum model, which is more accurate and straightforward as compared with the discrete models, is presented for the structure of two overhanged cantilevers. The eigenvalue problem formulation based on this continuum model leads to a direct computation of the eigenfrequencies, which does not involve any numerical discretization procedure. A comprehensive study on the eigenfrequency loci veerings and mode splittings of the overhanged structure is presented. The influences of various parameters on the eigenfrequency loci crossing and veerings are also systematically studied. An efficient optimum design tool for the eigenfrequency loci veering of an overhanged structure is provided by the continuum model together with a direct computation method.
Ravenna on the Grand Tour: A View of Late Antiquity in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Thomas Brittany 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRavenna, the former grand capital of the late Roman and early Byzantine Empires and a popular modern UNESCO World Heritage site, is a city rarely included in major historical surveys of Italy during the Grand Tour. An exploration of period sources may reveal why: it was, for many centuries between the Middle Ages and the nineteenth century, a rundown parish town that was incredibly difficult to reach by conventional transportation. This article collates and deconstructs a number of Grand Tour sources in order to gain an understanding of Ravenna in the eighteenth century, and, further, an understanding of the contemporary attitudes towards post-Classical monuments and artwork. This exploration allows us to ask broader questions about Ravenna’s place on the Grand Tour. As a city with very little to offer in the way of Classical monuments, it slightly complicates our idea of classical reception on the Grand Tour and shows us how travellers navigated a place replete with late antique basilicas and Byzantine mosaics instead of marble sculptures and tombs.
Enterococcus faecalis and Vibrio harveyicolonize low-density polyethylene and biodegradable plastics under marine conditions
Authors: Hchaichi Ilef , Bandini Francesca , Spini Giulia , Banni Mohamed , Cocconcelli Pier Sandro , Puglisi Edoardo 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Conventional plastics and bioplastics are known to accumulate in aquatic ecosystems, emerging as new surfaces for biofilm formation and gene exchanges. On the other hand, the fate of non-conventional bioplastics in the marine environment is still unclear. In this study we have measured, by means of crystal violet test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the ability of two model bacteria, Vibrio harveyi and Enterococcus faecalis, to form biofilms on low-density polyethylene (PE), polylactic acid (PLA) and starch-based bioplastic (SBB) surfaces. Experiments were conducted in artificial sea water, incubating squares of 3 cm2 of the three plastics with the two model microorganisms and sampling overnight, and at 3 and 6 days. The presence of biofilms on plastic surfaces was detected from day one of incubation and SBB was the material with the highest biofilm formation. E. faecalis formed the thickest biofilm after 3 days with PLA and SBB, but did not remain stable, and after 6 days with PE. The maximum biofilm formation of V. harveyi was obtained overnight with SBB and PE, and after 3 days with PLA. Our data indicate that both plastic and bioplastics support the formation of biofilms of model pathogenic bacteria, highlighting potential concerns for human health.
Does Visual Speed of Processing Training Improve Health-Related Quality of Life in Assisted and Independent Living Communities?: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wolinsky Fredric D , Jones Michael P , Dotson Megan M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Visual speed of processing training had clinically and statistically significant beneficial effects on health-related quality of life among 2,802 healthy community-dwelling adults aged 65–94 years at 2 and 5 years post-training in the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly randomized controlled trial. We examined whether that effect would be found among older adults in assisted and independent living communities.

Research Design and Methods
We conducted a two-arm, parallel randomized controlled trial stratified by assisted versus independent settings in 31 senior living communities and enrolled 351 adults aged 55–102 years. The targeted intervention dose was 10 hr at baseline with 4-hr boosters at 5 and 11 months. The intervention group received computerized visual speed of processing training, while the attention control group solved computerized crossword puzzles. The health-related quality of life outcomes were the Short-Form 36-item Health Survey’s mental and physical component T scores. Linear mixed-effect models were used.

Results
Visual speed of processing, assisted living, and their interaction had no clinically or statistically significant effects on the physical component T scores. However, visual speed of processing (p = .022), assisted living (p = .022), and their interaction (p = .007) had clinically and statistically significant effects on the mental component T scores. The estimated marginal means revealed a small effect-sized positive 2.2 point visual speed of processing training effect in the independent living communities, but a clinically important harmful −4.2 point visual speed of processing training effect in the assisted living communities.

Discussion and Implications
Given the medium-sized harmful effect of visual speed of processing training among those in the assisted living communities, caution is advised when using these two visual speed of processing training modalities in assisted living communities until further research verifies or refutes our findings and the underlying etiological pathways.
Variable order, directional ℋ2-matrices for Helmholtz problems with complex frequency
Authors: Börm Steffen , Lopez-Fernandez Maria , Sauter Stefan A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The sparse approximation of high-frequency Helmholtz-type integral operators has many important physical applications such as problems in wave propagation and wave scattering. The discrete system matrices are huge and densely populated; hence, their sparse approximation is of outstanding importance. In our paper, we will generalize the directional $\mathcal{H}^{2}$-matrix techniques from the ‘pure’ Helmholtz operator $\mathcal{L}u=-\varDelta u+\zeta ^{2}u$ with $\zeta =-\operatorname *{i}k$, $k\in \mathbb{R}$ to general complex frequencies $\zeta \in \mathbb{C}$ with $\operatorname{Re}\zeta\geq0$. In this case, the fundamental solution decreases exponentially for large arguments. We will develop a new admissibility condition that contains $\operatorname{Re}\zeta $ in an explicit way, and introduces the approximation of the integral kernel function on admissible blocks in terms of frequency-dependent directional expansion functions. We develop an error analysis that is explicit with respect to the expansion order and with respect to $\operatorname{Re}\zeta $ and $\operatorname{Im}\zeta $. This allows for choosing the variable expansion order in a quasi-optimal way, depending on $\operatorname{Re}\zeta $, but independent of, possibly large, $\operatorname{Im}\zeta $. The complexity analysis is explicit with respect to $\operatorname{Re}\zeta $ and $\operatorname{Im}\zeta $, and shows how higher values of $\operatorname{Re} \zeta $ reduce the complexity. In certain cases, it even turns out that the discrete matrix can be replaced by its nearfield part. Numerical experiments illustrate the sharpness of the derived estimates and the efficiency of our sparse approximation.
Backlash and Judicial Restraint: Evidence from the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Stiansen Øyvind , Voeten Erik 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHow does backlash from consolidated democracies affect the behavior of liberal international institutions? We argue that liberal international institutions have incentives to appease their democratic critics. Liberal institutions rely on democratic support for their continued effectiveness and can accommodate democratic critics at a lower legitimacy cost than non-democratic challengers. We examine this theory in the context of the European Court of Human Rights using a new dataset of rulings until 2019 and a coding of government positions during multiple reform conferences. Combining matching and a difference-in-differences design, we find strong evidence that the Court exercises restraint towards consolidated democracies that have criticized the Court in multilateral reform conferences by rendering fewer violation judgments against these states. We find some evidence that governments have also recently appointed more deferential judges. The findings suggest that backlash can affect liberal international institutions even without membership exit.
Log-aesthetic curves and their relation to fluid flow patterns in terms of streamlines☆
Authors: Wo Mei Seen , Gobithaasan R U , Miura Kenjiro T , Loy Kak Choon , Yasmeen Sadaf , Harun Fatimah Noor 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The log-aesthetic curve (LAC) is a family of aesthetic curves with linear logarithmic curvature graphs (LCGs). It encompasses well-known aesthetic curves such as clothoid, logarithmic spiral, and circle involute. LAC has been playing a pivotal role in aesthetic design. However, its application for functional design is an uncharted territory, e.g. the relationship between LAC and fluid flow patterns may aid in designing better ship hulls and breakwaters. We address this problem by elucidating the relationship between LAC and flow patterns in terms of streamlines at a steady state. We discussed how LAC pathlines form under the influence of pressure gradient via Euler's equation and how LAC streamlines are formed in a special case. LCG gradient ($\alpha $) for implicit and explicit functions is derived, and it is proven that the LCG gradient at the inflection points of explicit functions is always 0 when its third derivative is nonzero. Due to the complexity of the parametric representation of LAC, it is almost impossible to derive the general representation of LAC streamlines. We address this by analyzing the streamlines formed by incompressible flow around an airfoil-like obstacle generated with LAC having various shapes, ${\alpha _r} = \ \{ { - 20,{\rm{\ }} - 5,{\rm{\ }} - 1,{\rm{\ }} - 0.5,{\rm{\ }} - 0.15,{\rm{\ }}0,{\rm{\ }}1,{\rm{\ }}2,{\rm{\ }}3,{\rm{\ }}4,{\rm{\ }}20} \}$, and simulating the streamlines using FreeFem++ reaching a steady state. We found that the LCG gradient of the resultant streamlines is close to that of a clothoid. When the obstacle shape is almost the same as that of a circle ($\alpha \ = \ 20$), the streamlines adjacent to the obstacles have numerous curvature extrema despite nearing steady state. The flow speed variation is the lowest for $\alpha \ = \ - 1.43$ and gets higher as $\alpha$ is increased or decreased from $\alpha \ = \ - 1.43$.
Traumatic bilateral ureteral tear in a pregnant woman after a motor vehicle crash: a case report
Authors: Abu-Rmaileh Muhammad , Jensen Hanna , Kimbrough Mary Katherine 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Bilateral ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) tears are rare. Trauma can obscure this diagnosis. The objective of this case report is to highlight the rapid diagnosis of this injury and care in the case of pregnancy. A 22-year-old pregnant female was ejected from her car and presented with abdominal pain. The patient got a computed tomography (CT)-chest, abdomen, pelvis (CT-CAP) revealing bilateral ureteral injury, which was confirmed on retrograde cystoscopy. Her injuries were treated with nephrostomy tubes with plans for definitive repair after pregnancy. Fetus remained stable throughout her care and the patient was discharged with no complications. Due to the rapid diagnosis and effective stabilization, the patient and fetus recovered well from the injuries and multiple procedures. While there are many explanations for bilateral UPJ tears, deceleration and hyperextension seem to be the two major mechanisms of this injury.
Necrology of Ontology: Putnam, Ethics, Realism
Authors: Laugier Sandra 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article aims at putting in context and at pursuing the concept elaborated by the later Putnam of an ethics without ontology, which I associate with certain other contemporary philosophers like Stanley Cavell and Cora Diamond; and in general of a philosophy without ontology. Putnam’s ambition is to get rid of ontology by refocusing reflection on ethics in a realistic spirit. This calls for a reappraisal of the entirety of Putnam’s evolution after the 1980s, especially his “Wittgensteinian turn,” which has sometimes been underappreciated. To say that ethics has nothing to do with ontology is to make a claim not only about ethics, but also about realism. That is why Putnam’s later work matters today, especially his radical break with the fact/value distinction (reflected in his claim that facts and values are entangled together in our statements and in our lives). This does not only concern ethics, for as Diamond has said and as Putnam reiterates in his own style and culture, we must refocus reflection on ethics and on the place of ethics in our forms of life and of language.
The Possibilities and Constraints for Intersectional Practice in Gender Budgeting Activism
Authors: Cavaghan Rosalind 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article examines how gender budgeting (GB) activists in the United Kingdom have sought to practice intersectionality. It draws on Black feminists’ critiques of white feminists’ tendency to deploy intersectionality as a “cooled out buzz word” that relies on modernist, Western feminist epistemology. Results highlight the limitations of modernist positivist epistemologies, which are often used in economic policy and GB, and the importance of knowledge creation practices and explicit engagement with white women’s privilege in intersectional practice. These findings aim to inform European feminists’ responses to Black feminists’ critiques.
Shared Numerosity Representations Across Formats and Tasks Revealed with 7 Tesla fMRI: Decoding, Generalization, and Individual Differences in Behavior
Authors: Wilkey Eric D , Conrad Benjamin N , Yeo Darren J , Price Gavin R 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Debate continues on whether encoding of symbolic number is grounded in nonsymbolic numerical magnitudes. Nevertheless, fluency of perceiving both number formats, and translating between them, predicts math skills across the life span. Therefore, this study asked if numbers share cortical activation patterns across formats and tasks, and whether neural response to number predicts math-related behaviors. We analyzed patterns of neural activation using 7 Tesla functional magnetic resonance imaging in a sample of 39 healthy adults. Discrimination was successful between numerosities 2, 4, 6, and 8 dots and generalized to activation patterns of the same numerosities represented as Arabic digits in the bilateral parietal lobes and left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) (and vice versa). This indicates that numerosity-specific neural resources are shared between formats. Generalization was also successful across tasks where participants either identified or compared numerosities in bilateral parietal lobes and IFG. Individual differences in decoding did not relate to performance on a number comparison task completed outside of the scanner, but generalization between formats and across tasks negatively related to math achievement in the parietal lobes. Together, these findings suggest that individual differences in representational specificity within format and task contexts relate to mathematical expertise.
Medial Orbitofrontal Cortex Regulates Instrumental Conditioned Punishment, but not Pavlovian Conditioned Fear
Authors: Ma Cassandra , Jean-Richard-dit-Bressel Philip , Roughley Stephanie , Vissel Bryce , Balleine Bernard W , Killcross Simon , Bradfield Laura A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Bidirectionally aberrant medial orbitofrontal cortical (mOFC) activity has been consistently linked with compulsive disorders and related behaviors. Although rodent studies have established a causal link between mOFC excitation and compulsive-like actions, no such link has been made with mOFC inhibition. Here, we use excitotoxic lesions of mOFC to investigate its role in sensitivity to punishment; a core characteristic of many compulsive disorders. In our first experiment, we demonstrated that mOFC lesions prevented rats from learning to avoid a lever that was punished with a stimulus that coterminated with footshock. Our second experiment demonstrated that retrieval of punishment learning is also somewhat mOFC-dependent, as lesions prevented the extended retrieval of punishment contingencies relative to shams. In contrast, mOFC lesions did not prevent rats from reacquiring the ability to avoid a punished lever when it was learned prior to lesions being administered. In both experiments, Pavlovian fear conditioning to the stimulus was intact for all animals. Together, these results reveal that the mOFC regulates punishment learning and retrieval in a manner that is separate from any role in Pavlovian fear conditioning. These results imply that aberrant mOFC activity may contribute to the punishment insensitivity that is observed across multiple compulsive disorders.
A Causal Role of Area hMST for Self-Motion Perception in Humans
Authors: Schmitt Constanze , Baltaretu Bianca R , Crawford J Douglas , Bremmer Frank 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Previous studies in the macaque monkey have provided clear causal evidence for an involvement of the medial-superior-temporal area (MST) in the perception of self-motion. These studies also revealed an overrepresentation of contraversive heading. Human imaging studies have identified a functional equivalent (hMST) of macaque area MST. Yet, causal evidence of hMST in heading perception is lacking. We employed neuronavigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to test for such a causal relationship. We expected TMS over hMST to induce increased perceptual variance (i.e., impaired precision), while leaving mean heading perception (accuracy) unaffected. We presented 8 human participants with an optic flow stimulus simulating forward self-motion across a ground plane in one of 3 directions. Participants indicated perceived heading. In 57% of the trials, TMS pulses were applied, temporally centered on self-motion onset. TMS stimulation site was either right-hemisphere hMST, identified by a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) localizer, or a control-area, just outside the fMRI localizer activation. As predicted, TMS over area hMST, but not over the control-area, increased response variance of perceived heading as compared with noTMS stimulation trials. As hypothesized, this effect was strongest for contraversive self-motion. These data provide a first causal evidence for a critical role of hMST in visually guided navigation.