bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcomes in T‐cell large granular lymphocytic leukaemia: prognostic factors and treatment response
Authors: Braunstein Zachary , Mishra Anjali , Staub Annette , Freud Aharon G. , Porcu Pierluigi , Brammer Jonathan E. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryT‐cell large granular lymphocytic leukaemia (T‐LGLL) is an incurable leukaemia characterised by clonal proliferation of abnormal cytotoxic T cells that can result in severe neutropenia, transfusion‐dependent anaemia and pancytopenia requiring treatment. The most commonly used agents, methotrexate (MTX), cyclophosphamide (Cy) and cyclosporine primarily produce partial remissions (PRs), with few complete responses (CRs). We evaluated the clinical course and treatment response of 60 consecutive patients with T‐LGLL to evaluate clinical outcomes and future potential treatment directions. Impaired overall survival was noted among male patients, patients with elevated lactate dehydrogenase, and those without rheumatoid arthritis. Cy was the most efficacious second‐line agent, with a 70% overall response rate (ORR; three CR, four PR). All patients who failed frontline MTX responded to second‐line Cy. In the relapsed or Cy‐refractory setting, alemtuzumab (n = 4) and pentostatin (n = 3) had an ORR of 50% and 66%, respectively, while duvelisib induced a long‐term response in one patient. In this large, retrospective analysis, our results suggest Cy is a highly effective therapy for second‐line treatment in T‐LGLL and should be considered a strong candidate for up‐front therapy in select high‐risk patients. Prospective studies evaluating pentostatin, alemtuzumab and novel agents, such as duvelisib, are needed for patients with relapsed/refractory T‐LGLL.
Emerging roles of non‐coding RNAs in retinal diseases: A review
Authors: Sun Lan‐Fang , Chen Xue‐Jiao , Jin Zi‐Bing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNon‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are key players in variety of biogenesis and biological functions. Their aberrant expression has been implicated in disease progression. NcRNAs can be divided into short ncRNAs whose subtypes are mainly microRNA (miRNA), long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA). They are involved in cellular processes, including gene regulation, development and disease. The retina is a remarkably sophisticated instrument with interconnected cell types and is the primary target of many genetic diseases. In addition, in terms of retinal dyshomeostasis and inflammation, ncRNAs seems to play critical roles in many retinal diseases. Here, we provide an overview of ncRNAs in developing retina. We also review how does these ncRNAs function in various retinal diseases including animal and human models. These data indicate that ncRNAs regulate cellular processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and contribute to initiation and progression of retinal diseases.
Chronic glucokinase activator treatment activates liver Carbohydrate response element binding protein and improves hepatocyte ATP homeostasis during substrate challenge
Authors: Ford Brian E. , Chachra Shruti S. , Alshawi Ahmed , Brennan Alfie , Harnor Suzannah , Cano Celine , Baker David J. , Smith David M. , Fairclough Rebecca J. , Agius Loranne 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimTo test the hypothesis that glucokinase activators (GKAs) induce hepatic adaptations that alter intra‐hepatocyte metabolite homeostasis.MethodsC57BL/6 mice on a standard rodent diet were treated with a GKA (AZD1656) acutely or chronically. Hepatocytes were isolated from the mice after 4 or 8 weeks of treatment for analysis of cellular metabolites and gene expression in response to substrate challenge.ResultsAcute exposure of mice to AZD1656 or a liver‐selective GKA (PF‐04991532), before a glucose tolerance test, or challenge of mouse hepatocytes with GKAs ex vivo induced various Carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) target genes, including Carbohydrate response element binding protein beta isoform (ChREBP‐β), Gckr and G6pc. Both glucokinase activation and ChREBP target gene induction by PF‐04991532 were dependent on the chirality of the molecule, confirming a mechanism linked to glucokinase activation. Hepatocytes from mice treated with AZD1656 for 4 or 8 weeks had lower basal glucose 6‐phosphate levels and improved ATP homeostasis during high substrate challenge. They also had raised basal ChREBP‐β mRNA and AMPK‐α mRNA (Prkaa1, Prkaa2) and progressively attenuated substrate induction of some ChREBP target genes and Prkaa1 and Prkaa2.ConclusionsChronic GKA treatment of C57BL/6 mice for 8 weeks activates liver ChREBP and improves the resilience of hepatocytes to compromised ATP homeostasis during high‐substrate challenge. These changes are associated with raised mRNA levels of ChREBP‐β and both catalytic subunits of AMP‐activated protein kinase.
How do we teach simulation‐based dental education? Time for an evidence‐based, best‐practice framework
Authors: Higgins Denise , Hayes Melanie J. , Taylor Jane A. , Wallace Janet P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHistorically, simulation‐based dental education was taught using practical skills and the action of doing. An increased awareness of the importance of patient safety in healthcare education and delivery has seen considerable advances in the application of simulation‐based education across several healthcare disciplines including medicine, nursing and anaesthetics. Dental simulation–based education requires improved standards of best‐practice, and evidence‐based, curriculum design that is based on theoretical frameworks, conceptual frameworks and educational theories. In this commentary, we explore the educational theory and the development of healthcare simulation, including internationally recognised standards of best practice and the simulation‐based activity cycle. Given simulation‐based education should be fit‐for purpose, the components of these standards are examined within the specific context of dental education. We propose an evidence‐based, best‐practice framework that can be applied in the design and delivery of contemporary simulation‐based dental curriculum.
Effect of long‐term use of unfractionated or low‐molecular‐weight heparin on bone mineral density in maintenance hemodialysis patients
Authors: Yang Shuo , Niu Qingyu , Gan Liangying , Zhang Xiaobo , Tu Lingxue , Zuo Li 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionLong‐term use of unfractionated heparin (UFH) or low‐molecular‐weight heparin (LMWH) causes bone loss and osteoporosis in patients not receiving hemodialysis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of UFH and LMWH on bone mineral density (BMD) in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).MethodsPatients undergoing MHD using UFH or LMWH as anticoagulants were enrolled. BMD (in g/cm2), T‐score and Z‐score (BMDs) were measured at the lumbar spine and femur neck using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) at baseline and 2 years later. Patient demographics and clinical indices were collected. Correlation analysis was used to identify significant predictors of bone loss. Multiple linear regression was used to explore the relationship between heparin type and bone loss progression.FindingsA total of 104 patients were enrolled and completed the baseline BMD test; 72 completed the test again 2 years later. Six patients were excluded because they used both UFH and LMWH. Although BMD decreased in some patients in the UFH group, a slight increase in the BMD was observed on an average in the LMWH group after 2 years. The mean change in BMD (in g/cm2) [0(−0.03,0.04) vs. 0.04(0,0.06), P = 0.023], T‐score [0(−0.40,0.30) vs. 0.35(−0.03,0.53), P = 0.038], and Z‐score [0.10(−0.30,0.40) vs. 0.45(0.08,0.63), P = 0.031] in the lumbar spine in the UFH group was lower than those in the LMWH group. Femur neck BMD did not change significantly. In a linear regression model, after adjusting for diabetes mellitus, parathyroid hormone, and serum phosphate, we did not find an association between heparin substances and BMD.DiscussionUFH might be associated with loss of lumbar spine BMD in patients undergoing MHD.
Withdrawing from treatment for Bladder cancer: Patient experiences of BCG installations
Authors: Alcorn Jason , Burton Rob , Topping Annie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractResearch questionThe aim of this study is to explore how the patient's experience of their treatment influence withdrawal from BCG? And what are the strategies that could reduce patient withdrawal from BCG treatment?Research problemThe cumulative treatment side effects of Bacillus Calmette‐Guerin can be both physical and psychological. Bladder cancer accounts for over 10 000 new diagnosis annually in the United Kingdom. Therefore, this article attempts to explore the patient's experience of their treatment and how this influences their withdrawal from treatment.Literature reviewA literature review was undertaken utilizing the CONSORT approach for reporting of research trials. Multiple databases were searched. The review showed that there is a paucity in the literature in the comprehensive understanding of the patient's experience of undertaking BCG treatment and potential subsequent withdrawal.MethodologyA qualitative data was collected using semi‐structured interviews. Six interviews were conducted on participants who withdrew from intravesical BCG treatment. An inductive approach was used to thematically analyse the data.ResultsNVivo 10 was used to manage the data. Following an in‐depth analysis of the interview transcripts when all available data had been extracted and coded, four key themes emerged. These four themes were identified as: “treatment concerns”; “withdrawal influencers”; “unmet needs”; and what appeared to be “treatment bereavement” were concerning to the participants.ConclusionsThis article presents the results from the qualitative phase of a larger mixed methods study. The data produced from the interviews highlights themes and factors that cause patients to withdraw from BCG treatment early. These areas show the requirement for additional support in areas of communication, information giving and decision making. This study also identified a “novel” concept of “treatment bereavement”, which described the feelings of loss when withdrawing early.
Attracting Long‐Term Shareholders
Authors: Williamson Sarah Keohane , Babcock Ariel 
Published: June 2020

Corporate CEOs often say they don't hear enough from shareholders about strategic issues related to long‐term value creation. At the same time, they claim to hear with predictable regularity from short‐term investors about their success (or failure) in hitting consensus earnings targets. But as the authors of this article begin by noting, there is mounting evidence that companies get the shareholders they deserve—that companies that provide quarterly earnings guidance and otherwise focus investor attention on near‐term earnings targets tend to attract more transient investors.The authors go on to argue that companies with a compelling long‐term vision can expect to benefit not only from more farsighted managerial decision‐making, but also from building a base of longer‐term investors who share management's view of success, and how it can and ought to be achieved. Such a shift in strategic focus and disclosure toward longer‐run performance creates a virtuous cycle—one in which companies that gain the interest and backing of investors with longer horizons end up reinforcing management's confidence to undertake value‐adding investments in their company's future.Even if most companies can't pick their shareholders, they can develop an investor engagement strategy designed to attract long‐term investors. In this article, the chairman and president of FCLTGlobal outline the underlying strategy behind long‐term investor relations and the four key components of such an approach.
Using the Return on Sustainability Investment (ROSI) Framework to Value Accelerated Decarbonization
Authors: Eckerle Kevin , Whelan Tensie , DeNeve Bryan , Bhojani Sameer , Platko John , Wisniewski Rebecca 
Published: June 2020

A major barrier to companies' more effective integration of sustainability into their corporate strategies is finding ways to estimate and communicate the full value of their business cases. In the authors' experience in working with or for companies, they find that most do not track the value sustainability delivers for an organization. And when companies do track and measure their returns on investments in sustainability, the estimates tend to be focused almost exclusively on those benefits that are most direct and tangible, and show up on the corporate P&L, as opposed to other benefits like employee commitment and regulatory forbearance, which are more likely to show up in a lower cost of capital.To help companies quantify the expected value of their sustainability programs, the authors have developed a Return on Sustainability Investment (ROSI™) framework. The study presented here describes the outcomes of a recent analysis in which the NYU Stern Center for Sustainable Business in collaboration with ALO Advisors worked with Capital Power Corporation, a North American power producer, to estimate the value likely to be created by accelerating its transition to clean energy. Through their work with the Chief Sustainability Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and senior managers from several key business functions, the authors identified seven major sources of benefits, and quantified the expected effects on value of four of them, to produce an estimated contribution to the value of the company of about $30 million. The ROSI™ framework and methodology has since been incorporated into CPX's investment decision‐making process, and played an important role in management's decision to commit to the operating changes required to accelerate the company's transition away from coal‐generated electricity.
What Works in the Architecture Studio? Five Strategies for Optimising Student Learning
Authors: McLaughlan Rebecca , Chatterjee Ishita 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGood teaching requires pedagogical dynamism: a willingness to vary one’s teaching approach relative to the context (and cohort) at hand, and to any new challenges that may arise from that context. This requires that teachers obtain a broad knowledge of teaching strategies and tactics. Given the demands of contemporary higher education, finding the time to obtain this knowledge can pose a challenge to full‐time academics. This is exacerbated in the case of part‐time and practitioner‐teachers who often work in varying degrees of isolation from the communities of learning to which they contribute. An analysis of the teaching practices of eight high‐performing practitioner‐teachers, alongside data obtained from 74 students, within a master’s‐level architectural course at a large Australian university, has been used to delineate five strategies for optimising student learning within the architecture studio. These include: setting up a challenge that clearly articulates the role of the student within it; early and frequent assessment tasks to assist students in rapid skill development and reflective practice; communicating clear expectations around performance; facilitating a strong peer culture; and enhancing motivation via high expectations. This article details the tactics by which these strategies can be achieved. This article delivers directly applicable advice for architectural educators, but it also provides practical insight into the specifics of architectural teaching that may assist educators working in other disciplines.
Sex‐specific ontogenetic patterns of cranial morphology, theoretical bite force, and underlying jaw musculature in fishers and American martens
Authors: Law Chris J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe carnivoran cranium undergoes tremendous growth in size and development of shape to process prey as adults and, importantly, these ontogenetic processes can also differ between the sexes. How these ontogenetic changes in morphology actually relate to the underlying jaw musculature and overall bite performance has rarely been investigated. In this study, I examined sex‐specific ontogenetic changes in cranial morphology, jaw adductor muscles, and theoretical bite force between subadults and adults in the fisher (Pekania pennanti) and American marten (Martes americana). I found evidence that cranial size alone does not completely explain ontogenetic increases in bite forces as found in other mammalian species. Instead, cranial shape development also drives ontogenetic increases in relative bite force by broadening the zygomatic arches and enlargement of the sagittal crest, both of which enable relatively larger jaw adductor muscles to attach. In contrast, examination of sexual dimorphism within each age‐class revealed that cranial shape dimorphism did not translate to dimorphism in either size‐corrected bite forces or size‐corrected physiological cross‐sectional area of the jaw adductor muscles. These results reveal that morphological size and shape variation can have different influences on bite performance depending on the level of intraspecific variation that is examined (i.e. ontogenetic versus sexual dimorphism).
Anti‐Ku antibody‐positive systemic sclerosis‐polymyositis overlap syndrome in an adolescent
Authors: Loo Rory J. , Nocton James J. , Harmelink Matthew M. , Chiu Yvonne E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSystemic sclerosis‐polymyositis overlap syndrome is rare in children. Anti‐PM/Scl is the most common autoantibody associated with this syndrome. We present a case of systemic sclerosis‐polymyositis overlap syndrome in a child with isolated anti‐Ku antibodies, an uncommon antibody associated with this rare syndrome.
Azobenzene Photoswitch for Isomerization‐Dependent Cancer Therapy via Azo‐Combretastatin A4 and Phototrexate
Authors: Mulatihan Dinaer , Guo Tao , Zhao Yanjun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe adverse effects of chemotherapeutic drugs to healthy organs/cells greatly limit their clinical efficacy and patient compliance. The unique behavior of azobenzene photoswitch offers a remarkable tool to address the side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. The azobenzene moiety has been integrated within some chemotherapeutic drugs to realize photo‐triggered activation of drug cytotoxicity. However, the clinical translation of these agents has been facing a few barriers. In this short review, we present our viewpoints on potential solutions to address the following challenges associated with azobenzene‐based photoswitchable chemotherapeutic drugs, including poor tissue penetration of light, hypoxia‐induced drug degradation in solid tumor and the autonomous cis‐trans relaxation.
Effects of topical 1% cyclopentolate hydrochloride on quantitative pupillometry measurements, tear production and intraocular pressure in healthy horses
Authors: Ortillés Ángel , Sanmartí Júlia , Ríos Jose , Armengou Lara , Peña María T. , Leiva Marta 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of topical cyclopentolate hydrochloride (CH) on quantitative pupillometric readings (PR), tear production (TP), and intraocular pressure (IOP) in healthy horses.Animals studiedFourteen client‐owned horses.ProceduresIn a two‐phase design study, each animal received 1% CH ophthalmic solution in the left eye [treated] and 0.9% NaCl in the right eye [control] (0.2 mL each). In the first phase (n = 7), TP, IOP, and PR assessment was performed by Schirmer tear test I, rebound tonometry and static pupillometry, at 1, 8, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 148, 172, and 196‐hours post‐instillation. In the second phase (n = 7), plateau mydriasis was evaluated by assessing PR hourly for 8 hours post‐instillation. For PR assessment, pupil area (PA), vertical diameter (VPD), and horizontal diameter (HPD) were recorded. All pupillometries were obtained in a room with fixed light intensity (45‐60 lux). Statistical analysis was performed by generalized estimating equations method for the effect on parameters over time.ResultsAfter topical CH, significant differences in pupil dilation were seen from 1 to 172 hours for VPD and from 8 to 24 hours for PA, without significant differences on HPD over time. In the second phase, plateau PA and VPD were reached at 3 hours, while plateau HPD at 2 hours. No significant effects were detected on TP and IOP in both eyes at any time, nor on PR of the nontreated eyes.ConclusionsTopical 1% cyclopentolate hydrochloride could be considered an effective and safe option when a mydriatic/cycloplegic drug is needed in horses.
From five to one: Sandyella species (Palaemonidae) are distinct ontogenetic stages of a single species
Authors: Ávila‐García Ariadna , Sánchez Carlos , Borda Elizabeth , González‐Acosta Bárbara , Huato‐Soberanis Leonardo , Gómez‐Gutiérrez Jaime 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe palaemonid genus Sandyella includes S. tricornuta (Isla María Madre, Mexico), S. mclaughlinae, S. bicornuta, S. quadricornuta and S. sexicornuta (Clipperton Island, France). These species were first described in the genus Chacella based on collections of few individuals and limited to no ecological information. Sandyella was later erected to differentiate Chacella kerstitchi from Chacella tricornuta and Chacella mclaughlinae. The remaining three Chacella species (<3 mm cephalothorax length) were later also moved to Sandyella and distinguished mainly based on variation in the less than three protuberances on the cephalothorax and number of protuberances on the abdomen. Since their description from their type localities, only Sandyella tricornuta has been additionally recorded from Bahía de La Paz, Mexico. Collections done at 13 locations along the Gulf of California (2009–2010) yielded 2,905 specimens including representatives of all Sandyella species as epibionts of 57 black coral colonies Antipathes galapagensis, which prompted a closer taxonomic examination. Based on observations of live and preserved specimens, including type material, population cephalothorax size frequency and mitochondrial COI data, we inferred that all current Sandyella species (a) exhibit three protuberances on the cephalothorax; (b) cephalothorax length and number of protuberances appear to be progressive among species; (c) species exhibit high COI sequence similarity; and d) the five Sandyella species were observed cohabiting the same black coral colony. Therefore, we conclude that the five current Sandyella species are in fact distinct ontogenetic stages of a single species, S. tricornuta, and our results of a morphological Bayesian analysis led us conclude that this species belongs to the genus Sandyella rather than Chacella.