bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic machinery encrypted in the Raman spectrum of influenza A virus‐inoculated mammalian cells
Authors: Pezzotti Giuseppe , Zhu Wenliang , Adachi Tetsuya , Horiguchi Satoshi , Marin Elia , Boschetto Francesco , Ogitani Eriko , Mazda Osam 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRaman spectroscopy was applied with a high spectral resolution to a structural study of Influenza (type A) virus before and after its inoculation into Madin–Darby canine kidney cells. This study exploits the fact that the major virus and cell constituents, namely DNA/RNA, lipid, and protein molecules, exhibit peculiar fingerprints in the Raman spectrum, which clearly differed between cells and viruses, as well as before and after virus inoculation into cells. These vibrational features, which allowed us to discuss viral assembly, membrane lipid evolution, and nucleoprotein interactions of the virus with the host cells, reflected the ability of the virus to alter host cells’ pathways to enhance its replication efficiency. Upon comparing Raman signals from the host cells before and after virus inoculation, we were also able to discuss in detail cell metabolic reactions against the presence of the virus in terms of compositional variations of lipid species, the formation of fatty acids, dephosphorylation of high‐energy adenosine triphosphate molecules, and enzymatic hydrolysis of the hemagglutinin glycoprotein.
Leukemia stem cell immunophenotyping tool for diagnostic, prognosis, and therapeutics
Authors: Mastelaro de Rezende Marina , Ferreira Alice T. , Paredes‐Gamero Edgar J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe existence of cancer stem cells is debatable in numerous solid tumors, yet in leukemia, there is compelling evidence of this cell population. Leukemic stem cells (LSCs) are altered cells in which accumulating genetic and/or epigenetic alterations occur, resulting in the transition between the normal, preleukemic, and leukemic status. These cells do not follow the normal differentiation program; they are arrested in a primitive state but with high proliferation potential, generating undifferentiated blast accumulation and a lack of a mature cell population. The identification of LSCs might guide stem cell biology research and provide key points of distinction between these cells and their normal counterparts. The identification and characterization of the main features of LSCs can be useful as tools for diagnosis and treatment. In this context, the aim of the present review was to connect immunophenotype data in the main types of leukemia to further guide technical improvements.
Role of Oxidative Stress in Hypersensitivity Reactions to Sulfonamides
Authors: Elzagallaai Abdelbaset A. , Sultan Elham A. , Bend John R. , Abuzgaia Awatif M. , Loubani Eman , Rieder Michael J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAntimicrobial sulfonamides are important medications. However, their use is associated with major immune‐mediated drug hypersensitivity reactions with a rate that ranges from 3% to 4% in the general population. The pathophysiology of sulfa‐induced drug hypersensitivity reactions is not well understood, but accumulation of reactive metabolites (sulfamethoxazole [SMX] hydroxylamine [SMX‐HA] and SMX N‐nitrosamine [SMX‐NO]) is thought to be a major factor. These reactive metabolites contribute to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) known to cause cellular damage and induce cell death through apoptosis and necroptosis. ROS can also serve as “danger signals,” priming immune cells to mount an immunological reaction. We recruited 26 sulfa‐hypersensitive (HS) patients, 19 healthy control subjects, and 6 sulfa‐tolerant patients to this study. Peripheral blood monocytes and platelets were isolated from blood samples and analyzed for in vitro cytotoxicity, ROS and carbonyl protein formation, lipid peroxidation, and GSH (glutathione) content after challenge with SMX‐HA. When challenged with SMX‐HA, cells isolated from sulfa‐HS patients exhibited significantly (P ≤ .05) higher cell death, ROS and carbonyl protein formation, and lipid peroxidation. In addition, there was a high correlation between cell death in PBMCs and ROS levels. There was also depletion of GSH and lower GSH/GSSG ratios in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from sulfa‐HS patients. The amount of ROS formed was negatively correlated with intracellular GSH content. The data demonstrate a major role for oxidative stress in in vitro cytotoxicity of SMX reactive metabolites and indicate increased vulnerability of cells from sulfa‐HS patients to the in vitro challenge.
The concept of the hologenome, an epigenetic phenomenon, challenges aspects of the modern evolutionary synthesis
Authors: Collens Adena , Kelley Emma , Katz Laura A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractJohn Tyler Bonner's call to re‐evaluate evolutionary theory in light of major transitions in life on Earth (e.g., from the first origins of microbial life to the evolution of sex, and the origins of multicellularity) resonate with recent discoveries on epigenetics and the concept of the hologenome. Current studies of genome evolution often mistakenly focus only on the inheritance of DNA between parent and offspring. These are in line with the widely accepted Neo‐Darwinian framework that pairs Mendelian genetics with an emphasis on natural selection as explanations for the evolution of biodiversity on Earth. Increasing evidence for widespread symbioses complicates this narrative, as is seen in Scott Gilbert's discussion of the concept of the holobiont in this series: Organisms across the tree of life coexist with substantial influence on one another through endosymbiosis, symbioses, and host‐associated microbiomes. The holobiont theory, coupled with observations from molecular studies, also requires us to understand genomes in a new way—by considering the interactions underlain by the genome of a host plus its associated microbes, a conglomerate entity referred to as the hologenome. We argue that the complex patterns of inheritance of these genomes coupled with the influence of symbionts on host gene expression make the concept of the hologenome an epigenetic phenomenon. We further argue that the aspects of the hologenome challenge of the modern evolutionary synthesis, which requires updating to remain consistent with Darwin's intent of providing natural laws that underlie the evolution of life on Earth.
Mechanistic convergence and shared therapeutic targets in Niemann‐Pick disease
Authors: Colaco Alexandria , Kaya Ecem , Adriaenssens Elias , Davis Lianne C. , Zampieri Stefania , Fernández‐Suárez María E. , Tan Chong Y. , Deegan Patrick B. , Porter Forbes D. , Galione Antony , Bembi Bruno , Dardis Andrea , Platt Frances M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNiemann‐Pick disease type C (NPC) and Tangier disease are genetically and clinically distinct rare inborn errors of metabolism. NPC is caused by defects in eitherNPC1orNPC2; whereas Tangier disease is caused by a defect inABCA1. Tangier disease is currently without therapy, whereas NPC can be treated with miglustat, a small molecule inhibitor of glycosphingolipid biosynthesis that slows the neurological course of the disease. When a Tangier disease patient was misdiagnosed with NPC and treated with miglustat, her symptoms improved. This prompted us to consider whether there is mechanistic convergence between these two apparently unrelated rare inherited metabolic diseases. In this study, we found that whenABCA1is defective (Tangier disease) there is secondary inhibition of the NPC disease pathway, linking these two diseases at the level of cellular pathophysiology. In addition, this study further supports the hypothesis that miglustat, as well as other substrate reduction therapies, may be potential therapeutic agents for treating Tangier disease as fibroblasts from multiple Tangier patients were corrected by miglustat treatment.
Interindividual Covariations of Brain Functional and Structural Connectivities Are Decomposed Blindly to Subnetworks: A Fusion‐Based Approach
Authors: Keyvanfard Farzaneh , Nasiraei‐Moghaddam Abbas , Hagmann Patric 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundStudying brain interindividual variations has recently gained interest to understand different human behaviors. It is particularly important to investigate how a variety of functional differences can be associated with a few differences in brain structure. It would be more meaningful if such an investigation is performed jointly at the network level to connect structural building blocks to functional variations modules.PurposeTo decompose the interindividual variations of brain in the form of mutual functional and structural subnetworks based on a data‐driven approach.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationIn all, 92 healthy subjects.Field Strength/Sequence3T Siemens/MPRAGE, diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) acquisition protocol, gradient echo sequence.AssessmentThe proposed approach was quantitatively assessed by examining the consistency of the networks against the number of subjects. Distribution of the obtained components across brain regions was studied and their relevance was qualitatively evaluated by comparison to variations that had been independently reported previously.Statistical TestsPermutation test, two‐sample t‐test, Pearson correlation coefficient.ResultsTen pairs of components including functional and structural subnetworks were obtained. Assessing the reproducibility of the proposed method with respect to the sample size indicated reliable detection of connections (above 70%) for all components by reducing the number of subjects to 70. Specifically, one of the functional subnetworks can be used to distinguish left‐handed from right‐handed people (P = 2.6 × 10‐8) as the basic interindividual variation. This functional subnetwork has a main overlap (40.18%) with the somatomotor system and the Broca part was captured in its corresponding structural subnetwork.Data ConclusionThese results show that the proposed method can reveal intersubject variations systematically through a mathematical algorithm of joint independent component analysis. They confirm that intersubject variations can be expressed in the form of building blocks. In contrast to the functional subnetworks that were discoverable independently, their structural counterparts were found and interpreted only in conjunction with the functional subnetworks.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1779–1788.
Artificial Intelligence in medical imaging practice: looking to the future
Authors: Lewis Sarah J , Gandomkar Ziba , Brennan Patrick C 
Published: November 2019

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) is heralded as the most disruptive technology to health services in the 21st century. Many commentary articles published in the general public and health domains recognise that medical imaging is at the forefront of these changes due to our large digital data footprint. Radiomics is transforming medical images into mineable high‐dimensional data to optimise clinical decision‐making; however, some would argue that AI could infiltrate workplaces with very few ethical checks and balances. In this commentary article, we describe how AI is beginning to change medical imaging services and the innovations that are on the horizon. We explore how AI and its various forms, including machine learning, will challenge the way medical imaging is delivered from workflow, image acquisition, image registration to interpretation. Diagnostic radiographers will need to learn to work alongside our ‘virtual colleagues’, and we argue that there are vital changes to entry and advanced curricula together with national professional capabilities to ensure machine‐learning tools are used in the safest and most effective manner for our patients.
Low‐Trauma Fracture Increases 12‐Month Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease for Adults With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Whitney Daniel G. , Whitney Rachael T. , Prisby Rhonda D. , Jepsen Karl J. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTIndividuals with cerebral palsy (CP) have poor skeletal and cardiovascular health. However, no studies have examined if skeletal fragility enhances cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk for this population. The purpose of this study was to determine whether adults with CP have higher 12‐month CVD incidence following a low‐trauma fracture compared with adults without CP. Data, from the Optum Clinformatics® Data Mart, were extracted from adults (18+ years) that sustained a low‐trauma fracture between 01/01/2012 and 12/31/2016. The primary outcome measure was incident CVD within 12 months following a low‐trauma fracture. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to compare 12‐month incident CVD with adjustment for sociodemographics and chronic disease comorbidities. Mean age (SD) at baseline was 54.7 (18.9) for adults with CP (n = 1,025, 43.3% men) and 60.4 (19.7) for adults without CP (n = 460,504, 33.7% men). During the follow‐up, 121 adults with CP (11.8%, mean age [SD] = 63.9 [16.3]) and 45,330 adults without CP (9.8%, mean age [SD] = 74.5 [11.9]) developed CVD. In the fully adjusted model, adults with CP had higher 12‐month post‐fracture CVD incidence (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.37–1.95). When the outcome was stratified by CVD subtype, adults with CP had higher 12‐month post‐fracture incidence of ischemic heart disease (HR = 1.45; 95% CI = 1.09–1.92), heart failure (HR = 1.68; 95% CI = 1.22–2.31), and cerebrovascular disease (HR = 1.96; 95% CI = 1.54–2.50). Study findings suggest that among adults with CP, low‐trauma fracture may enhance 12‐month CVD incidence compared with adults without CP. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:803‐810, 2020
Vegetation history after the late period of the Last Glacial Age based on phytolith records in Nangodani Valley basin, southern part of the Aso caldera, Japan
Authors: Miyabuchi Yasuo , Sugiyama Shinji 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTVegetation history after the late period of the Last Glacial Age has been reconstructed using phytolith records obtained from three tephra sections in the Nangodani Valley basin, southern part of the Aso caldera, south‐west Japan. The topography of the Nangodani Valley basin is divided into three types: somma (caldera rim and wall), caldera floor (central valley) and post‐caldera central cone slope. The vegetation transitions after the late period of the Last Glacial Age in the basin vary between these topographic types. The differences can be explained based on human activities in the valley basin. Grassland dominated by Sasa and Pleioblastus dwarf bamboos (before 8 ka) and Miscanthus and other Andropogoneae pampas grasses (after 8 ka) occurred in the central valley and on the post‐caldera central cone slope, which were strongly affected by human activities including a long period of burning. In contrast, forest with an understory of Bambusoideae plants was preserved on the caldera rim and wall, which was inaccessible because of its steep topography, during the Holocene.
The radiation dose‐response of non‐retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma with positive margins: An NCDB analysis
Authors: Wells Stacey , Ager Bryan , Hitchcock Ying J. , Poppe Matthew M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesPositive margins can increase the risk of local recurrence of soft tissue sarcomas (STS). Utilizing a national registry, we investigated patterns of care and overall survival (OS) of patients with margin‐positive non‐retroperitoneal STS who received preoperative radiation therapy, adjuvant radiation therapy, or both.MethodsAdult patients with non‐retroperitoneal STS who underwent resection and RT from 2004 to 2015 were included. Kaplan–Meier, log‐rank analysis, and Cox regression analysis were performed.ResultsWe identified 5726 patients. Most had a tumor size >5 cm (60%), grade 3 disease (67%), and microscopically positive margins (57%). Compared to ≤50.4 Gy, a dose of 66 to 69.99 Gy was associated with decreased risk of death on multivariate analysis (HR 0.69, 95%; CI, 0.50‐0.94). Receipt of a boost was associated with decreased risk of death on univariate analysis (HR 0.54, 95%; CI, 0.29‐0.99). In patients with grade 2 to 3 tumors without the gross disease, there was an OS benefit associated with a boost on multivariate analysis (HR 0.39, 95%; CI, 0.16‐0.97).ConclusionThis analysis appears to show an OS benefit of dose escalation to 66 to 69 Gy for margin‐positive non‐retroperitoneal STS. A Postoperative boost is associated with higher OS in grade 2 to 3 STS without the gross disease.
Visitors' spiritual values and relevant influencing factors in religious tourism destinations
Authors: Huang Keji , Pearce Philip , Guo Qiang , Shen Shiwei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study has conducted two rounds of interviews at the Four Great Buddhist Mountains (FGBMs) in China mainland to explore spiritual values and relevant influencing factors of religious visitors. The results analysis has categorized seven themes of spiritual values. It reflected that visitors were trying to seek a balanced life status through maintaining good relationships with their inner selves, other people, and all forms of life. The identified spiritual values were simultaneously influenced by visitors' religious belief, cultural values, and environmental elements. The findings contribute to the existing knowledge about values and provide implications for developing religious tourism sustainably.
Changes in topsoil organic carbon from 1986 to 2010 in a mountainous plateau region in Southwest China
Authors: Chen Dianyu , Xue Mengyu , Duan Xingwu , Feng Detai , Huang Yong , Rong Li 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe carbon cycle and underlying environmental drivers are not yet fully understood, and whether climate warming is inducing soil carbon loss remains controversial, largely due to limited evidence from large‐scale observations. With relatively less human disturbance, Yunnan Province, a typical mountainous plateau region in Southwest China, is a favorable place to evaluate environmental effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics. In this study, soil sampling of the upper 20‐cm soil layer was conducted at sites across Yunnan Province in 1986 and 2010 to estimate topsoil SOC density (SOCD). The changes in SOCD and environmental factors, including initial SOCD value, temperature, precipitation, longitude, latitude, elevation, and slope gradient, were analyzed. The results indicated that the topsoil of Yunnan Province mainly acted as a carbon source during the study period. The topsoil SOCD in 1986 averaged 5.82 kg C m−2 and was higher than that of 2010 (5.45 kg C m−2), corresponding to a 0.14 Pg loss in SOC stock over the 25 years. The northwestern subregion experienced the most drastic SOCD changes, and the SOCD decreased most notably in areas with higher initial SOCD values. Compared with cropland and grassland, more significant SOCD reductions were observed in forest. Among the studied environmental factors, initial SOCD was the main factor associated with SOCD variations. The next most important factor was temperature, followed by precipitation. With high elevation and initial SOCD, the northwestern subregion of Yunnan Province had the most sensitive SOCD changes, underscoring the need for further protection and appropriate management.
Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of a Picosecond Alexandrite Laser With DLA for Acne Scars in Chinese Patients
Authors: Zhang Mengli , Fang Jing , Wu Qiuju , Lin Tong 
Published: November 2019

Background and ObjectivesRecently, picosecond laser treatment has been used as an effective treatment for acne scars. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a picosecond alexandrite laser with a diffractive lens array in the treatment of acne scars in Chinese patients.Study Design/Materials and MethodsPatients with facial acne scars were treated with a picosecond alexandrite laser in three sessions at 4‐ to 6‐week intervals and followed up for 2 months. Primary outcomes were measured by physicians’ blinded evaluation of the acne scar using the ECCA (échelle d’éva physicians'luation clinique des cicatrices d'acné) grading scale. The secondary outcomes included the investigator global assessment (IGA) on the improvement of post‐inflammatory erythema (PIE), patients’ assessment of improvement on a 4‐point scale and of satisfaction on a 5‐point scale. Pain scores and adverse effects were also evaluated.ResultTwenty patients with Fitzpatrick skin types III and IV were enrolled in the study and completed all treatment and follow‐up visits. The mean ECCA scores fell from 197.75 ± 35.26 to 142.00 ± 35.92 (a 28% improvement), and the change was significant (P = 0.000). The mean IGA score of PIE improvement was 3.03 ± 0.75 (0 = no improvement and 4 = 76–100% improvement). On the basis of the patients’ self‐assessment, the average improvement scores were 2.30 ± 0.98 (0 indicating 0–25% improvement and 3 indicating >75% improvement). In total, 50% and 30% of the patients were “satisfied” and “very satisfied,” respectively, with the treatment. The mean pain score was 3.20 ± 0.50 (0 = no pain, 10 = maximum pain) with topical anesthesia. The adverse effects included transient and mild erythema, edema, and scabbing.ConclusionsTreatment with a picosecond alexandrite laser with a diffractive lens array is effective and safe for acne scars in Chinese patients. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
pH‐Driven Morphological Diversity in Poly[n‐Butyl Acrylate‐block‐(2‐(Dimethylamino)Ethyl Acrylate)] Amphiphilic Copolymer Solutions
Authors: Chroni Angeliki , Pispas Stergios , Forys Aleksander , Trzebicka Barbara 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAmphiphilic poly[n‐butyl acrylate‐block‐(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate)] (PnBA‐b‐PDMAEA) block copolymers are synthesized by the reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization process. The pH‐responsive self‐assembly behavior in aqueous media is studied by dynamic, static, and electrophoretic light scattering and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (Cryo‐TEM) at different pHs. In particular, the PnBA40‐b‐PDMAEA60 copolymer (where subscripts denote %wt composition of the components) shows remarkable morphological transitions in aqueous solutions of varying pH values forming, among others, an unusual and novel hierarchical vesicular morphology, as indicated by Cryo‐TEM results. The observed transitions are attributed to synergistic effects involving alterations of the protonation degree of the PDMAEA block, in conjunction with the specific composition of the copolymer and the softness of PnBA blocks, with cumulative drive changes in the packing parameter of the copolymer system and result in the formation of various unexpected morphologies by simple pH changes.