bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An instrumental variable approach to estimation of match probabilities or precision in linked data
Authors: Doidge James 
Published: November 2019

Background with rationaleWhile probabilistic linkage methods are ostensibly based on the probabilities of record pairs being matches (i.e. their marginal precision or positive predictive value), in practice they are used principally for ranking candidate links and fall short of supporting estimation of absolute probabilities. A few variations on Fellegi and Sunter’s framework have been proposed to better accommodate the dependencies that limit transformation of match weights into match probabilities, but there are almost no alternative frameworks for match probability estimation.
Main AimTo explore the feasibility, accuracy and limitations of a novel instrumental variable approach to estimation of match probabilities for use in either probabilistic record linkage or evaluation of linkage error.
Methods/ApproachUsing both simulated data and a gold standard (labelled) dataset derived from real-world linked data, I assessed the accuracy of match probability estimation for a range of potential instruments and compared results to estimates produced using conventional probabilistic techniques.
ResultsThe technique involves trading the potential value of one matching variable in discriminating between candidate links for improved estimation of match probabilities within groups of otherwise similar candidates. Analysis of simulated data confirmed the theoretical validity of the approach in supporting unbiased estimation of match probabilities despite dependencies between other matching variables. Analysis of real-world data demonstrated feasibility in terms of the availability of real-world instruments that provided sufficiently accurate estimation in groups of candidate links above a minimum size. Invalid instruments produced estimates that could be strongly biased.
ConclusionThese early results are promising but the general availability of valid instruments, their ‘affordability’ in terms of sacrificed discrimination, and means for identifying valid instruments remain unclear. However, this approach represents a new variety of tool for the data linker’s toolkit, which may provide a useful angle on an otherwise difficult-to-estimate parameter and have applications yet to be envisaged.
Protocol for evaluating the impact of interventions on the future Burden of Disease in Scotland
Authors: Wyper Grant , Grant Ian , Fletcher Eilidh , Anand Neil , Craig Neil , McCartney Gerry , Stockton Diane 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundRecent evidence shows that after several decades of gains in life expectancy, Scotland has firmly entered a period of slow-down. Trend data show that the prevalence of morbidity continues to increase resulting in a frailer and more vulnerable population. Burden of Disease (BOD) studies measure the causes of health loss and their attribution to risk factor exposure and are essential to tackling current and future population needs for care workforce and services in an efficient manner.
AimTo assess the current and projected health loss in Scotland between 2019 and 2040, based on different scenarios for change in risk factors and the impact and cost-effectiveness of evidence-based interventions on those risk factors.
Methods and AnalysisEstimates of Years Lived with Disability (YLD), Years of Life Lost (YLL) and DALYs (Disability-adjusted Life Years) will be developed for 132 conditions for Scotland using routine data sources and linkage techniques. These estimates will be linked to risk factors using attributable fractions from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study. Scenario-modelling will be carried out based on three scenarios: continuation; worsening; and improvements of secular trends. Cost-effective interventions will be identified and their results will be assessed in the context of Scottish BOD estimates (current & projected) and evidence on the costs and potential impact of those interventions.
Dissemination Findings from Scottish BOD estimates along with information on costs and effectiveness will help direct resources to interventions and policies with the most potential to reduce disease burdens and improve population health. Results will be disseminated through pre-print publications, scientific publications, grey literature, social media and conference or workshop presentations both nationally and internationally throughout the European Burden of Disease Network and associated events.
Repeatable Research Infrastructure Enabling Administrative Data Analysis
Authors: Thayer Daniel , Elmessary Muhammad , Mallory Daniel , Arnold Pete , Cichowski Michal , Brooks Caroline , Rees Sarah , Wang Ting , Collins Huw , Ford David 
Published: November 2019

Background/RationaleLinked administrative datasets offer great potential for research, but also present major challenges—including the preparation of operational data into a form suitable for efficient research, complex and computationally demanding analysis, and the need to capture and share information about dataset contents and research methods.
Main AimThe analytical services team in the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank is creating interconnected tools and systems to automate the preparation and analysis of research data and to curate information about datasets and research methods. Our underlying goal is to make linked data research orders of magnitude faster and cheaper, as well as improve its consistency and quality.
MethodsSeveral key developments are ongoing:

Automation of data quality checking.
Management of dataset metadata.
Processing of raw source datasets into cleaned, research-ready data assets.
The Concept Library, an application for creating, using, and sharing knowledge about research definitions and methods.
A suite of R packages for analysis.

Web Application Programming Interfaces will allow these pieces to work together as an integrated system enabling efficient research.
ResultsInitial versions of dataset quality checking, cleaned datasets, and R code to implement common tasks are already in day-to-day use by researchers within SAIL. An advisory group has been convened to help guide the work.
For example, shared library code that flags conditions within health data has been used across multiple projects; a cleaned dataset measuring follow-up within primary care has been used by more than 100 projects.
ConclusionOur proof-of-concept work demonstrates the ability of shared code and cleaned data to meet needs across multiple projects, saving effort and standardizing results. Ongoing work to develop and integrate these tools should further streamline the research process, increasing the output and public benefit of SAIL and other data sources.
Born into Care: characterising newborn babies and infants in care proceedings in England and Wales
Authors: Alrouh Bachar , Broadhurst Karen , Griffiths Lucy , Johnson Rhodri , Cusworth Linda , Bedston Stuart , Akbari Ashley , Jones Kerina , Ford David 
Published: November 2019

Background/rationaleNations with advanced child protection systems place considerable emphasis on the developmental salience of infancy. However, this emphasis is not matched by any differentiated analysis of the timing of family court intervention in the lives of infants or the final legal order outcomes of these cases. This presentation shares findings from the first ever population profiling study of infants subject to care proceedings within the family justice system in England and Wales.
AimTo estimate the proportion of all infant care proceedings cases issued within 7 days and 4 weeks of birth and describe case and infant characteristics; to calculate incidence rates over time and by local authority and family court region; to describe and compare legal order outcomes according to age.
Methods/approachData was extracted from case management records produced by the Children and Family Court Advisory and Support Service (Cafcass) England and Wales. Records were first restructured to link infants to legal order outcome data and birth mother records. Incidence rates were calculated using ONS mid-year population estimates and annual live births. Within the SAIL Databank, Welsh infant records were linked to birth registration and community child health data to produce a fuller picture of infant characteristics in Wales.
ResultsThe cohort we created comprised all infants recorded as subjects within care proceedings in England (2007/08-2016/17) and Wales (2011/12-2018/19). The study captured the high proportion of infant cases that are issued at/close to birth, but also marked regional and local authority variation in incidence rates.
ConclusionHigh rates of adoption, particularly for babies born to mothers without a previous family court history, have prompted calls for new preventative solutions. The President of the Family (Court) Division in England has initiated a review of legal proceedings at birth.
Co-producing a typology for Green and Blue spaces for a longitudinal, national dataset of Green and Blue spaces
Authors: Mizen Amy , Fry Richard , Wheeler Ben , Rodgers Sarah 
Published: November 2019

Background with rationaleSpending time in green-blue spaces (GBS) is beneficial for mental health and wellbeing. There are few longitudinal studies, and definitions of GBS differ within academic studies and between policy, practice and research.
Main AimQuantify the impact of longitudinal exposure to GBS on wellbeing and common mental health disorders, for a national population (2008-2018) for use in a population-wide natural experiment.
MethodsWe co-produced a GBS typology with planners and policy makers at a day-long workshop using validated public participation methods. Using this typology, we built a national, longitudinal GBS dataset created from local government audits and satellite data for 1.4 million homes in Wales, UK.
Results produced a nested national typology to define GBS that built on previous academic literature and considered policy and local government planning priorities. The typology differentiated between inland and coastal GBS and facilities available at the GBS e.g. benches, public toilets etc. We created a national, longitudinal dataset of GBS and a cross-sectional dataset of household-level access to GBS for 2018. Access to GBS varied by socio-economic status, urban/rural classification and type of GBS.
ConclusionWe worked with policy and planners to produce a typology that will enable us to translate our findings to be used in evidence based policy and planning. We will use the dataset to create quarterly household access to GBS for eleven years (2008-2018). We will link GBS access scores to individual level mental health for 1.7 million people with primary care data and survey data (n = ~12,000) on wellbeing. The results from the wider study will inform the planning and management of GBS in urban and rural environments and contribute to international work on impacts of the built environment on mental health and wellbeing.
Developing a new cohort of children born to women who used opioids in pregnancy using administrative data: insights into cohort creation and early results
Authors: Marryat Louise , Wood Rachael , Whittaker Anne , Frank John , Boardman James 
Published: November 2019

Background with rationaleChildren born to opioid-dependent mothers are at a developmental disadvantage from pre-birth. They are additionally affected by the mother’s compromised ability to recognise and respond to the infant’s cues. Development is often compounded by environmental factors. Research to date has primarily focused on early infancy and small, clinical samples. This group is difficult to follow-up using traditional methods due to chaotic home environments, housing instability and parent-child separation. The use of administrative data circumnavigates such difficulties, allowing follow-up of children over longer periods, even when removed from the birth parent.
Main AimThis paper will describe the complex creation of a cohort of children born to opioid-dependent women, using administrative data. It will also describe early results about pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.
Methods/ApproachData were pooled from women who gave birth between 2007 and 2017 using five datasets (c.5,000 women): women who were recorded as using heroin, street methadone or opioid substitution therapy (OST) on the Drugs Misuse Database, or on OST prescription records; women admitted to hospital, or psychiatric care, for an opioid related reason; and/or women whose children were recorded as having Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS). Data on children’s neonatal outcomes will be described, including birth weight and gestation, congenital abnormalities, neonatal death and NAS treatment. Models will be fitted to investigate the associations between possible teratogenicity of prenatal opioids and developmental outcomes.
ResultsThe development of this cohort using administrative data sources has been complex, requiring five different datasets to ensure all women of interest are captured. Descriptive results on outcomes will be available in the Autumn.
ConclusionThis administrative data study demonstrates the value of using linked data sources to enhance our knowledge of the trajectories of this vulnerable group of children, and the additional support that they, and their carers, may require.
Evaluating record linkage of birth registration and notification records to Hospital Episode Statistics: Singleton births in 2005 and 2006 across England
Authors: Coathup Victoria , Macfarlane Alison , Quigley Maria 
Published: November 2019

Background with rationaleLinked administrative datasets are particularly useful within the field of perinatal epidemiology. By linking multiple datasets, researchers can create longitudinal datasets, which allow them to explore research questions relating to early exposures and outcomes later in life.
Main AimThe aims of this study were to describe the methods used to deal with duplicate hospital admission records, assess the quality of linkage between babies birth registration records and subsequent hospital admissions, and to evaluate the potential bias that may be introduced as a result of these methods.
MethodsThree routinely collected datasets were linked for use within this study and included data from birth registration, NHS Numbers for Babies (NN4B) and Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) for babies born in England between 1st January 2005 and 31st December 2006. A number of stages to cleaning were undertaken, including dealing with duplicate HES records and assessing the quality of the linkage using a deterministic algorithm. Internal and external validity was also assessed.
ResultsThere were a total of 1,170,970 live, singleton births, occurring in NHS hospitals, to mothers who normally reside in England in 2005 and 2006 combined. Of these, approximately 92% were successfully linked with a HES birth record. Data quality was somewhat poorer in HES birth records compared to birth registration and NN4B. The quality assurance algorithms identified 1,456 incorrect linkages (<1%) and examination of external validity identified children that were not linked were slightly more likely to be born to mothers who were older and of higher socio-economic status.
ConclusionIt is possible to create valuable longitudinal datasets allowing researchers to explore important questions about exposures and childhood outcomes using administrative datasets, however, missing data and coding errors and inconsistencies mean it is important that the quality of linkage is assessed prior to analysis.
Building a Canadian Data Platform under the Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research
Authors: McGrail Kimberlyn 
Published: November 2019

Background with rationaleThe diversity of Canada’s health systems and policies offers fertile ground for natural experiments, comparative analysis, and sharing of best practices. Investments over the last 25 years, measured in hundreds of millions of dollars, have created provincial centres with rich health and social data, national health surveys and more recently, clinical and other data. While much progress has been made within individual provinces and territories, challenges with comparability and timely access to data between jurisdictions remain.
Main AimOur aim is to develop a distributed network that facilitates and accelerates multi-jurisdictional research.
Methods/ApproachOur team includes data stewards, clinicians, decision-makers, patients, and researchers who are recognized as international leaders in data systems, access governance and engagement. The objectives for the Canadian Data Platform are to: create a data access support system that helps navigate multi-jurisdiction requests; to harmonize and validate definitions for important chronic diseases and other key variables to facilitate multi-jurisdictional research; to continue to expand the sources and types of data and linkages available; to develop the technology infrastructure required to improve the data access request process, data documentation, and re-use of algorithms; to create supports for advanced analytics and infrastructure for data collection and analysis; to establish strong partnerships with patients and the public and with Indigenous communities; and to build strong governance and enable national coordination.
ResultsOur Data Access Support Hub will open in the fall of 2019, at which time we will have an inventory of data available across our network, and the beginnings of a catalog of algorithms and harmonized data.
ConclusionBuilding cross-national resources to support multi-jurisdictional research can be challenging in places where there are multiple levels of governance of health and social services. Our network is one example of an approach to addressing these challenges.
ESTRATÉGIA DISCURSIVA DA DITADURA CIVIL-MILITAR BRASILEIRA (1964-1985): A LEGITIMAÇÃO ATRAVÉS DA ESCOLA
Authors: Esquinsani Rosimar Serena Siqueira 
Published: November 2019

O patriotismo exagerado; o ‘bem comum’; o patrulhamento ideológico; o recurso à autoridade; as horas-cívicas; as ‘datas cívicas’... Essa gramática fez parte da escola brasileira durante o período da ditadura civil-militar (1964-1985), materializando o discurso que tornou legítimo o estado de exceção na crença de grande parte da população. Assim, a proposta do texto é discutir a escola enquanto um meio de operacionalização do discurso da ditadura no Brasil, mapeando algumas conotações desse discurso no campo educacional. Adotando uma metodologia analítico-reconstrutiva, a pesquisa baseia-se na análise de um corpus empírico constituído por um conjunto de 12 (doze) livros didáticos utilizados nas escolas brasileiras durante o período em estudo. Como conclusão, o texto reforça a ideia que, através da escola e dos conteúdos dos livros didáticos, a ditadura reforçou o seu discurso de legitimação.
ROMPENDO FRONTEIRAS: MOVIMENTOS E IMPRENSA DE DIREITOS HUMANOS NO CONE SUL (1970/1980)
Authors: Cruz Heloisa De Faria 
Published: November 2019

Com base no estudo de impressos e publicações de uma grande quantidade de entidades de defesa dos direitos humanos veiculados entre os anos de 1970 e 1980, o presente artigo propõe reflexões sobre a atuação dos movimentos de defesa dos direitos humanos e a cultura política de resistência aos regimes ditatoriais vigentes nos países do Cone Sul. Aborda a constituição dessa rede de entidades de defesa de direitos humanos e destaca a importância dos circuitos de comunicação que a sustentaram, encaminhando questões sobre a natureza, a força e a eficácia dos veículos e da rede de comunicação composta por esse tipo de imprensa.
How the Concepts of Folk Music Emerge
Authors: Kõmmus Helen 
Published: November 2019

The article examines the terminology of folk/traditional music in the context of folk music festivals. The main research interest is in the development of the ethnomusicological vocabulary, especially in relation to contemporary folk music festivals. The research focuses on the author’s fieldwork materials from the Kaustinen Folk Music Festival in Finland and the Viljandi Folk Music Festival in Estonia during 2004–2018.
The theoretical framework is based on academic approaches to folk/traditional music terminology in the European and American folkloristics and (ethno)musicology from the 18th century to the present day. The comparative analysis of fieldwork materials from the Estonia’s and Finland’s largest folk music festivals over the last 15 years indicates that the active role of folk music festivals generates new musical genres and relevant vocabulary.
Vertailevan musiikkitieteen alkuvaiheita Euroopassa
Authors: Leisiö Timo 
Published: November 2019

Imperialismin kehitykseen kytkeytynyt tietoisuus globaalisuudesta synnytti 1800-luvulla muun muassa kulttuurimaantieteen alan sekä vahvisti kiinnostusta maapallon eläinten ja kasvien moninaisuuteen, mikä puolestaan johti biologisen kehityksen teoriaan, darvinismiin. Samaan aikaan Euroopassa vahvistui oletus väestöryhmistä tiettyjen kantakansojen jälkeläisinä, mikä nähtiin keskeisenä oikeutuksena kansallisvaltioiden perustamiseen. Tämä johti edelleen paikallisten kansanmusiikkien tutkimukseen.
Musiikintutkimuksen keskeinen uusi avaus syntyi, kun saksalainen Carl Stumpf yhdisti globaalin evolutionismin ja ihmismielen tutkimuksen ja kehitti musiikkipsykologian suuntauksen. Stumpf innosti oppilaikseen etenkin Keski-Euroopan nuoria juutalaisia, mikä synnytti Berliinissä vertailevan musiikkitieteen: tutkijat vertailivat musiikin globaaleja piirteitä samaan tapaan kuin biologi kasveja.
1900-luvun alussa katolinen pappi Wilhelm Schmidt puolestaan päätti nousta tieteellisin välinein darvinismia vastaan ja puolustamaan Raamatun luomiskertomusta. Hän loi tieteelliseksi hahmottelemansa teorian, jonka mukaan ihmisen alkukulttuuri oli laajentunut eri puolille maailmaa samaan tapaan kuin veteen putoava esine synnyttää kaikkiin suuntiin etenevän rengaslaineen. Vertailua helpottavasta teoriasta tuli keskeinen väline musiikintutkijoiden käyttöön.
Tässä vertailevan musiikintutkimuksen historiaa valottavassa kirjoituksessa kohteena ovat edellä mainitun Carl Stumpfin lisäksi itävaltalainen Erich von Hornbostel sekä suomalainen Armas Otto Väisänen. Hornbostel oli teoreetikkona, tutkijana ja opettajana keskeisin globaalia vertailua hyödyntänyt ajattelija ennen etnomusikologian syntyä. Väisänen puolestaan tuotti mittavan määrän uutta tietoa tutkimalla uralilaisten kansojen musiikkiperinteitä.
PEMBUATAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS VIDEO TUTORIAL PADA MATA KULIAH MEKANIKA TANAH DAN TEKNIK PONDASI
Authors: Muhammad Aidil Rehan , Gusmareta, S.Pd, M.Pd.T Yuwalitas 
Published: November 2019

Abstrak - Permasalahan yang ada pada Mata Kuliah Mekanika Tanah dan Teknik Pondasi adalah waktu yang digunakan untuk praktikum tidak cukup serta keterbatasan pada alat, media, dan kapasitas laboratorium. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan media pembelajaran berbasis video tutorial pada Materi Pengujian Pemadatan Tanah pada laboratorium dan lapangan dalam bentuk CD. Penelitian pengembangan ini menggunakan tahapan-tahapan Research and Development yang mengadaptasi model 4D. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa angket penilaian media pembelajaran untuk ahli materi, ahli media, dan mahasiswa. Berdasarkan penilaian produk pada video tutorial pengujian pemadatan tanah di laboratorium (standard proctor) oleh ahli materi memperoleh skor 2,88 pada aspek materi masuk kategori baik dan 3,67 pada aspek pembelajaran masuk kategori sangat baik. Ahli media menilai 3,43 pada aspek tampilan video dan 4,00 pada aspek pemrograman masuk kategori sangat baik. Sedangkan pada video tutorial pengujian pemadatan tanah di lapangan (sand cone) oleh ahli materi memperoleh skor 3,00 pada aspek materi dan 3,67 pada aspek pembelajaran masuk kategori sangat baik. Ahli media menilai 4,00 pada aspek tampilan video dan pemrograman masuk kategori sangat baik. Penilaian 29 mahasiswa mendapat nilai rata-rata 3,38 masuk kategori sangat baik untuk kedua video tutorial. Berdasarkan hasil penilaian, media yang dihasilkan dinyatakan sangat baik. Kata kunci: video tutorial, media pembelajaran,pemadatan tanah, laboratorium.