bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of meteorological drought using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) in the High Ziz River basin, Morocco
Authors: Diani Khadija , Kacimi Ilias , Zemzami Mahmoud , Tabyaoui Hassan , Haghighi Ali Torabi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
One of the adverse impacts of climate change is drought, and the complex nature of droughts makes them one of the most important climate hazards. Drought indices are generally used as a tool for monitoring changes in meteorological, hydrological, agricultural and economic conditions. In this study, we focused on meteorological drought events in the High Ziz river Basin, central High Atlas, Morocco. The application of drought index analysis is useful for drought assessment and to consider methods of adaptation and mitigation to deal with climate change. In order to analyze drought in the study area, we used two different approaches for addressing the change in climate and particularly in precipitation, i) to assess the climate variability and change over the year, and ii) to assess the change within the year timescale (monthly, seasonally and annually) from 1971 to 2017. In first approach, precipitation data were used in a long time scale e.g. annual and more than one-year period. For this purpose, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was considered to quantify the rainfall deficit for multiple timescales. For the second approach, trend analysis (using the Mann-Kendall (M-K) test) was applied to precipitation in different time scales within the year. The results showed that the study area has no significant trend in annual rainfall, but in terms of seasonal rainfall, the magnitude of rainfall during summer revealed a positive significant trend in three stations. A significant negative and positive trend in monthly rainfall was observed only in April and August, respectively.
Electrical and thermal characteristics of MWCNTs modified carbon fiber/epoxy composite films
Authors: Kareem Aseel A. , Rasheed Hussein Kh. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
To enhance interfacial bonding between carbon fibers and epoxy matrix, the carbon fibers have been modified with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) using the dip- coating technique. FT-IR spectrum of the MWCNTs shows a peak at 1640 cm−1 corresponding to the stretching mode of the C=C double bond which forms the framework of the carbon nanotube sidewall. The broad peak at 3430 cm−1 is due to O–H stretching vibration of hydroxyl groups and the peak at 1712 cm−1 corresponds to the carboxylic (C=O) group attached to the carbon fiber. The peaks at 2927 cm−1 and 2862 cm−1 are assigned to C–H stretching vibration of epoxy produced at the defect sites of acid-oxidized carbon fiber surface. SEM image shows a better interface bonding between the fiber and the matrix of modified composites (MWCNTs-CF/Ep) than those of unmodified composite. The loss factor curve of CF-MWCNTs/Ep composites is the narrowest compared with neat epoxy and CF/Ep composites which evinces that the length distribution range of molecular chain segments in the matrix is the narrowest. From the dependence of the AC conductivity on temperature, we can see that σAC increases when temperature increases. The increase in electrical conductivity of the composites may be a result of the increased chain ordering due to annealing effect. The use of MWCNTs to modify the surface of carbon fiber resulted in a large amount of junctions among MWCNT causing an increase in the electrical and thermal conductivity by forming conducting paths in the matrix. The MWCNTs-CF/Ep composite shows better thermal stability than unmodified composites. The strong interaction between CF and MWCNTs can retard diffusion of small molecules from the resin matrix at high temperature and hence, result in the improved thermal stability of the modified CF/Ep composite.
Does Participatory Budgeting Bolster Voter Turnout in Elections ? The Case of the Czech Republic
Authors: Kukučková Soňa , Bakoš Eduard 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Though participatory budgeting (PB) is often discussed as a tool to bolster the level of civic participation and the quality of democracy, empirical research on the subject offers ambiguous results. In the Czech Republic, PB was introduced 5 years ago, and the number of implemented PBs has since increased substantially. The purpose of this article is to evaluate whether the use of PB is associated with higher voter turnout in municipal and parliamentary elections. Voter turnout in Czech municipalities that implemented PB is analyzed and compared with the control group of municipalities without PB. Considered by type of election, we found that the impact of PB use on voter turnout is higher for local elections than it is for national elections, which is in line with our assumptions. However, our results were significant for Prague districts only. Participatory budgeting could increase voter turnout in local election, but there are other factors that must be considered.
Transaction Costs, Outsourcing, and the Public Procurement Review Process in the Czech Republic and Slovakia
Authors: Šumpíková Markéta , Ďurčeková Ina 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Public procurement is a crucial activity undertaken by the public sector. However, public procurement entails a wide range of transaction costs. While many papers focus on the ex-ante transaction costs, it is equally important to evaluate the types of ex-post transaction costs. The disputes stemming from conflicts between procuring authorities and proposers often bring additional costs to both parties. One of the ways to ensure that the procuring authority wins the dispute is using the services of an external law firm to represent the procuring authority in the review process. The aim of the paper is to examine the extent of the use of external law services in the public-procurement review process by procuring authorities and proposers in Slovakia and in the Czech Republic. The focus is also on the impact the use of external law firms in the review process may have on the length of the review process and the outcome of the dispute. Our results suggest that while the use of the external law firm may lead to a higher success rate of the review process on the side of a procuring authority, the same does not apply to proposers. There were no conclusive findings regarding the impact of the outsourcing on the length of the review process.
Critical thinking as an indispensable component of the Polish nurses’ education process and a necessary condition for the development of nursing
Authors: Pucko Zygmunt , Przybek-Mita Joanna 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Introduction. The changing reality, the interpenetration of cultures, progress in the field of science, the development of technology, the emergence of unprecedented needs, challenges from the civic health care system require nurses to accurately interpret the essence of phenomena and respond appropriately to the ongoing transformations. Therefore, the education process should not only convey the latest knowledge, stimulate self-education, prepare for conducting comparative and application activities, but also educate specific thought habits called critical thinking, as it is the opposite of routine, schematism or imitation.

Aim. Understanding the specifics of critical thinking. Providing several concepts of critical thinking. Demonstrating the need to develop critical thinking in the nurses’ education process. An attempt to provide appropriate criteria for the assessing of critical thinking skills in nursing.

Method. A phenomenological method that guarantees truthfulness and certainty of cognition through the intuitive knowledge of the essence of the phenomenon and the precision of the language of its expression.

Conclusions. Critical thinking teaches courage in breaking conceptual patterns. It allows you to define problems in a rapidly changing reality and find the optimal way to solve them. It extends the repertoire of the basic skills of a modern nurse. Moreover, it increases the independence of nurses and raises the level of their professionalism. Critical thinking as a key competence should become one of the main goals of education at every level. Mandatory courses of critical thinking and its application in practical activities should be organized for nurses.
Polish anaesthesiology nursing documentation: a complex, multi-faceted nursing practice in the context of evidence-based professional practice
Authors: Ozga Dorota , Jadczak Małgorzata , Zdun Anna , Woźniak Krystyna , Krupa Sabina , Witt Paweł 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Introduction. Research demonstrates that nursing documentation is a condition for the continuity of patient care and for their safety. The objective of the article is to present the existing knowledge on anaesthesiology nursing documentation and to specify its essential elements.

Material and methods. A literature review was performed with a systematic literature search. The content of the included studies was analysed in terms of its content and relevance. The materials was gathered through electronic database search.

Results. It was found that the key elements of the documentation-related practice of anaesthesiology nurses were as follows: the record-keeping tool should be adjusted to the clinical practice, the documentation for nurses should take into consideration the patient safety aspect and protect nurses from legal consequences; also, the documentation should comply with the current legal regulations and be regularly updated.

Conclusions. Anaesthesiology nurses who keep their documentation contribute to improving the safety of patients and themselves. With observations and taking notes on all performed interventions, it is possible to prevent errors and track changes in the patient’s condition reflected in their medical record.
The role of robots in the improving work of nurses
Authors: Blechar Łukasz , Zalewska Patrycja 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Introduction. Currently we observe a change in the labor market. It is caused by the new developments in the field of artificial Intelligence.

Aim. We would like to present current trends affecting the work of nurses and midwives around the world in order to raise the social awareness of these changes among Polish healthcare workers. Moreover, we want to emphasize the fact that it is necessary to involve them as the stakeholders in the ongoing discussions and research projects in order to better understand their needs and expectations.

Discussion. The article revolves around the current state of technology. We begin by outlining the framework of the perceived changes in the nurses’ structures and tasks around the world. Then we provide the examples of a variety of robots already executing those tasks. We start with the robots whose purpose is the elimination of simple, routine activities such as TUG or HOMER. After doing so, we move on to possible solutions how to eliminate the need for personal involvement in invasive (such as BloodBot) and non-invasive procedures (CLARA). We finish by introducing the machines used to replicate animal therapy, which can be used to treat patients who have difficulties with communicating their needs.

Conclusions. We would like to present the future of nursing closely related to machines. We want to emphasize the element of complementarity of this relation and the fact that performing some tasks by robots is not connected with replacing people, but rather with enabling them to shift their focus from the performance of arduous duties to spending more time on empathic work with the patient.
KESALAHAN PENULISAN ISTILAH ASING PADA PAPAN IKLAN ATAU REKLAME DI KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Evi Chamalah, dan Aida Azizah Meilan Arsanti, 
Published: December 2019

This research was conducted to describe and explain the errors in writing foreign terms on billboards in Semarang city. The problem in this research was the form of error in writing foreign terms on billboards in Semarang city and its improvement. The research method that is used was descriptive qualitative. Sources of data in this study were curl boards or billboards in Semarangcity. The data included all of product document billboards whether the product or service advertisements in Semarang City. The data collection technique that is used was purposive sampling. The research instrument used by the researcher to retrieve data was the researcher herself. In data retrieval, the researcher used a data card. Furthermore, the data were analyzed by examining the use of terms or foreign elements on billboards in the Semarang city that contained writing errors. After the data is collected, the researcher analyzed, classified, and evaluated / evaluated documents in the form of billboards. Based on research results from 11 billboards there were 19 foreign terms used. Thus, it could be concluded that the public considers the use of foreign terms more interesting and was expected to increase selling power. However, the used of foreign terms was not adjusted to the rules of language.
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN JEMBATAN PELAT CONTINUOUS SPAN BENTANG PENDEK DENGAN SISTEM KONVENSIONAL DAN PRATEGANG
Authors: Timotius Timotius , Leo Edison 
Published: December 2019

Jembatan merupakan sarana konstruksi yang cukup penting bagi kelancaran ekonomi dan aliran perjalanan. Jembatan memiliki fungsi sebagai sarana konstruksi untuk menghubungkan suatu tempat dengan tempat lainnya yang sulit untuk dijangkau. Salah satu jenis jembatan bedasarkan bentuk strukturnya adalah jembatan pelat. Jembatan pelat atau slab bridge tersusun dari pelat monolit, dengan bentang dari tumpuan menuju ke tumpuan tanpa didukung oleh balok melintang ataupun balok girder atau balok gelagar, sehingga pelat tersebut hanya ditopang oleh abutment jembatan Dalam perencanaannya, penulangan jembatan dapat didesain dengan sistem konvensional ataupun prategang. Beton konvensional adalah beton normal yang tidak mengalami tegangan pra layan. Beton prategang merupakan beton yang dimana tulangan bajanya ditarik terhadap betonnya atau dengan kata lain diberikan tegangan pra-layan. Penelitian ini akan menganalisis perbandingan antara sistem konvensional dan prategang pada jembatan pelat dari segi ketebalan pelat dan lendutan. Analisis ini menggunakan bantuan program finite element untuk membuktikan hasil perhitungan manual dengan metode garis pengaruh. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa dengan menggunakan sistem konvensional dan prategang akan menghasilkan ketebalan yang sama, walaupun lendutan yang dihasilkan lebih kecil dikarenakan batas lendutan ijin untuk beban live load yang sama untuk keduanya yaitu sebesar L/800. Sehingga apabila dimensi tebal-nya diperkecil, maka lendutan beban live load yang terjadi tidak memenuhi syarat lendutan ijin.
ANALISIS STRUKTUR JEMBATAN GANTUNG SELF-ANCHORED
Authors: Sebastian Ivan , Supartono F.X. 
Published: December 2019

Jembatan merupakan struktur yang dibuat untuk menyeberangi jurang atau rintangan seperti sungai, rel kereta api, ataupun jalan raya. Jembatan sering menjadi komponen kritis dari suatu ruas jalan,karena sebagai penentu beban maksimum kendaraan yang melewati ruas jalan tersebut. Jembatan memiliki banyak jenis berdasarkan fungsi, lokasi, bahan konstruksi, dan tipe struktur. Salah satu jenis jembatan adalah suspension bridge, dimana gelagar jembatan digantung menggunakan hanger yang akan menyalurkan gaya melalui kabel utama yang kemudian disalurkan ke tanah lewat pondasi. Suspension bridge memiliki variasi dimana angkur jembatan tersebut diletakkan pada gelagar jembatan, jenis jembatan ini dinamakan self-anchored suspension bridge. Self-anchored suspension bridge adalah jembatan gantung yang pengangkurannya pada jembatannya sendiri. Tipe pengangkuran ini tidak bergantung pada kondisi tanah yang ada. Kabel utama akan diangkur di deck jembatan sehingga deck jembatan menerima gaya tekanan horizontal dari kabel utama. Gaya tekan horizontal ini menyebabkan resiko terjadinya tekuk global pada deck jembatan. Selain itu deck jembatan tetap harus menahan gaya vertikal dari kendaraan-kendaraan di atas. Program MIDAS CIVIL 2019 memiliki fitur untuk memodelkan serta menghitung gaya-gaya jembatan gantung secara detil. Maka dalam jurnal ini peneliti dengan program MIDAS CIVIL 2019 menganalisis gaya-gaya yang terjadi akibat kombinasi pembebanan ASD beban mati dan beban lalu lintas pada self-anchored suspension bridge dan membandingkan gaya-gaya tersebut pada suspension bridge dengan angkur luar.
AUDIT KESELAMATAN JALAN TOL CIPALI
Authors: Surya Felix Marco , Setyarini Ni Luh Shinta Putu Eka 
Published: December 2019

Sekarang ini jalan tol merupakan salah satu jalan bebas hambatan yang keberadaannya saat ini sangat dibutuhkan untuk mempercepat memperpendek waktu tempuh, hal ini akibat jalan arteri yang sudah ada semakin macet terutama pada saat jam – jam sibuk dan akhir pekan. Dengan semakin padatnya pengguna jalan tol membuat angka risiko kecelakaan mobil di jalan tol juga semakin meningkat. Salah satu penyebab kecelakaan kendaraan yang terjadi dijalan tol diakibatkan oleh kurangnya bangunan pelengkap dan perkerasan yang kurang baik.. Penelitian ini akan membahas persepsi perngemudi terhadap bangunan pelengkap seperti rambu serta marka dan juga dari segi perkerasan di jalan tol dengan menggunakan metode quisioner dengan wawancara langsung. Pengolahan data quisioner ini menggunakan metode analysis of variance (ANOVA) dibantu dengan program SPSS dan dibandingkan dengan hasil data kecelakaan dari kepolosian atau PU yang dapat membantu kita untuk mengetahui bagaimana persepsi pengemudi di jalan tol dalam keselamatan pengemudi dari segi bangunan pelengkap dan perkerasan di jalan tol. Hasil oberservasi secara langsung, kondisi eksisting geometrik, bangunan pelengkap, dan perkerasaan sudah cukup baik. Namun terdapat kekurangan rambu dan jalan yang tidak halus dalam perkerasaan di beberapa ruas jalan tol Cipali, akan tetapi tidak mempengaruhi kenyamanan pengemudi untuk pengguna jalan tol Cipali menurut wawancara pada saat penyebaran kusioner berlangsung.
ANALISIS DAYA DUKUNG TIANG BOR AKSIAL, LATERAL, DAN PENURUNAN PADA TANAH CLAY SHALE DI SENTUL, BOGOR
Authors: Long Steven , Iskandar Ali , Leman Sunarjo 
Published: December 2019

Pembangunan yang dilakukan di atas tanah dasar lempung serpih memiliki perlakuan khusus yang tak dapat disamakan pada tanah umumnya, karena tanah ini dapat kehilangan daya dukung secara mendadak bila tanah terekspose oleh udara dan air yang dapat membuat bangunan rusak. Terlebih jika di daerah Sentul manakala merupakan wilayah berkembang nan pesat namun memiliki tanah dasar lempung serpih. Maka, diperlukan perencanaan daya dukung,dan penurunan serta pelaksanaan konstruksi yang tepat guna mendukung beban struktur tetap aman. Perencanaan daya dukung ini akan ditinjau pada salah satu proyek yang menggunakan kelompok tiang bor yang terletak di Sentul, Bogor. Pada perencanaan ini dibantu program Shaft, Lpile, Group, dan Settle3D. Daya dukung tiang akan tereduksi berkisar 50% dari perhitungan normalnya ini disebabkan oleh karakter tanah lempung serpih yang mudah kehilangan daya dukungnya. Maka dalam analisanya harus memperhatikan pengaruh strength reduction, dalam hal ini kuat geser tak teralir menjadi 135 KPa menghasilkan daya dukung izin 710 KN untuk tiang D80 dan 950KN D100 sehingga menggunakan 258 tiang bor guna mendukung beban, sehingga defleksi saat siklik menjadi 3 mm, dan penurunan berkisar 45 mm.
LA REVOLUCIÓN Y EL ESTATUTO CONSTITUCIONAL SICILIANO DEL AÑO 1848
Authors: GRIMALDI ANGELO 
Published: December 2019

Sicilia abre la estación de las revoluciones del año 1848 con los motínes de Palermo del día 12 de Enero. Lo que se pide es la autonomía, no se trata de separatismo, sino de una seria oposición al centralismo Napolitano. El Parlamento no fue elegido por sufragio amplio, sino limitado, por lo cual no se puede hablar de un «parlamento constituyente», expresión de la soberanía popular. Sin embargo, el Parlamento del año 1848 deriva de un acontecimiento revolucionario, una fractura constitucional que determinó el inicio de un nuevo régimen político/constitucional, es decir una nueva forma de gobierno, y en este sentido puede considerarse expresión de un poder constituyente. El sistema se fundamentaba temporalmente en un único actor constitucional, el Parlamento como una representación predominantemente noble y Burgués. De la Constitución de Sicilia emerge una forma institucional ecléctica o mezclada entre el sistema constitucional estadounidense, aquello inglés - tal como era anteriormente a las dos grandes revoluciones - y la Constitución francesa del año 1848. El régimen siciliano implíca una separación de poderes que hace posible una influencia ex post por parte de un órgano sobre otro: uno de los dos es “claudicante”: aunque el Rey participe (indirectamente) en la función legislativa por medio de los ministros, él no es uno de los tres órganos legislativos, ni interviene personalmente en el proceso legislativo. La Constitución no permite al Rey intervenir con el acto de sanción, sino le confiere el instrumento de veto suspensivo «limitado». La Constitución siciliana del año 1848 entraña un concepto «cuasi dualista» (dualismo desbalanceado), dos órganos constitucionales puestos en una posición de “cuasi” igualdad: El Parlamento y el Rey.
Incidencia del Acto Legislativo 01 de 2005 en la extinción de las pensiones convencionales en el ámbito nacional y su protección por el bloque de constitucionalidad
Authors: Rodriguez Nicolas Echeverri , Torres Torres B. Nathaly , Sepúlveda López C. Myriam 
Published: December 2019

Por medio de un análisis jurisprudencial, enfatizando en la sentencia SU 555 de 2014, se determina el avance que ha tenido el reconocimiento de las pensiones convencionales, siendo ellas parte de la seguridad social y, de igual forma, qué incidencia ha tenido el acto legislativo 1 de 2005 en la extinción de estas pensiones y cuál es la protección de los Convenios de la OIT 87,98,151 y 154, junto con el Protocolo de San Salvador frente a la negociación colectiva. También se tuvieron en cuenta la importancia del principio de sostenibilidad financiera frente a la progresión de derechos de los trabajadores.
Para ello se realizó un análisis de la evolución jurisprudencial, respecto a la regresión de derechos, expectativas legítimas, derechos adquiridos, principios generales del derecho laboral, bloque de constitucionalidad y compatibilidad de las pensiones convencionales, ahondando más en la problemática surgida a partir de la expedición de la mencionada reforma constitucional para lograr entender la falta de garantías que el Estado colombiano proporciona a sus trabajadores, excusándose en interpretaciones constitucionales que no dan cabida al desarrollo de un Estado social de derecho.
Price Risk For Coal Liquefaction in Moderate Scale Development
Authors: Varayesi Fidya , Nazar Fans Namara 
Published: December 2019

According to Talla et al,2017 the Linde Hampson Method can be used to process solid changes into liquid. In this study aims to calculate the Linde Hampson method in the temperature range of the Fischer Tropsch method (LTFT /Low temperature fischer tropsch). The temperatures used for comparison include low temperatures of 200 to 250degC. Parameters compared from the four type of coal namely lignite, antrachitre, bituminous and subbituminous are tested with projects on a moderate scale of 100 – 1000 tons.
Analysis of Price risk is carried out to see the trend of change (increase/decrease) in the price of selling syngas. Price can change because of supply and demand. The main factor that can change price is quantity and quality of heat (HHV) and composition. Development of subbituminous can have higher risk than the antrachite type. Based on the calculation of the standard deviation of the risk values obtained from the four types is 25,3$.