bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smectic Liquid Crystalline Titanium Dioxide Nanorods: Reducing Attractions by Optimizing Ligand Density
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Naveed , Grau‐Carbonell Albert , Nikolaenkova Anna G. , Xie Xiaobin , Chen Xiaodan , Imhof Arnout , van Blaaderen Alfons , Baesjou Patrick J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCrystalline titanium dioxide (TiO2) semiconductor nanorods (NRs) feature several optical properties, such as birefringence combined with high refractive indexes and a wide bandgap precluding optical absorption in visible‐light spectrum, making them attractive for many applications such as optoelectronics. Dispersing these NRs in suitable solvents creates inorganic liquid crystals (LCs) offering enhanced collective and orientation‐dependent properties, which can additionally be utilized to manipulate optical behavior. Herein, a synthetic procedure from literature is scaled up and coupled with an important post‐synthesis‐treatment step such that self‐assembled NRs dried onto a liquid interface and in bulk can be investigated. Comprehensive characterizations confirm the vital role of surface ligand density of the NRs in reducing the effects of attractions between them and thus increasing the range of volume fractions in which these dispersions can be exploited. Various symmetries (hexagonal or tetragonal) can be achieved in the smectic layers of NRs by tuning the aspect ratios of the NRs from 4.8 to 8.5. Experiments show that external fields such as shear flow or electric fields can easily either induce a reversible nematic order in isotropic dispersions or order existing LC phases over much longer regions, opening many opportunities to manipulate light for optical applications.
Enhancement of Nanozyme Permeation by Endovascular Interventional Treatment to Prevent Vascular Restenosis via Macrophage Polarization Modulation
Authors: Feng Lishuai , Dou Chaoran , Xia Yuguo , Li Benhao , Zhao Mengyao , El‐Toni Ahmed Mohamed , Atta Nada Farouk , Zheng Yuanyi , Cai Xiaojun , Wang Yan , Cheng Yingsheng , Zhang Fan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe long‐term prognosis of vascular restenosis after endovascular interventional treatment is a critical challenge in a clinical setting. Over‐production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a major factor to aggravate vascular restenosis. Current clinical pharmacological interventions for vascular restenosis are still unsatisfactory. Based on the intrinsic ROS scavenging properties, nanozymes have been widely applied in the treatment of inflammatory‐related diseases. However, the vascular endothelial cell barrier hinder the delivery efficiency of intravenously injected nanomaterials in most diseases. Herein, an effective therapeutic strategy for vascular restenosis is developed based on endothelial cells exfoliation by endovascular interventional treatment through vascular balloon injury, which provides an opportunity to enhance nanozyme passive permeation into the vascular intima and uptake by macrophages to alleviate long‐term vascular restenosis in vivo. Moreover, the macrophages polarization modulation mechanism of vascular restenosis prevention is further investigated. This interesting discovery that endothelial cells exfoliation enhanced nanoparticle vascular permeation by endovascular interventional treatment may provide applicative perspectives in the treatment of other disease by nanomaterials.
Family of Magic‐Sized Carbon Clusters on Transition Metal Substrates
Authors: Yan Xue , Wu Xi , Chen Xiaobin , Du Hongda , Gan Lin , Kang Feiyu , Ding Feng , Li Jia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHighly‐stable carbon clusters on transition metal substrates play an important role in the bottom‐up approaches for synthesizing graphene quantum dots, graphene nanoribbons, and novel graphene nanostructures. Here, the discovery of a series of magic‐sized carbon clusters on different transition metal substrates is reported. Careful analyses reveal that the symmetry matching between the cluster and the substrate, the interaction between cluster edge carbon atoms and the substrate, and the location and orientation of the cluster on the substrate play key roles in stabilizing the new family of magic‐sized carbon clusters. The identified magic‐sized carbon clusters are thermodynamically and kinetically stable and may serve as the nucleation centers in the synthesis of other graphene nanostructures. These findings will greatly enrich the species of highly‐stable carbon clusters on transition metal substrates and paving the road toward the synthesis route of other graphene nanostructures.
The Key Role of Intrinsic Lifetime Dynamics from Upconverting Nanosystems in Multiemission Particle Velocimetry
Authors: Tessitore Gabriella , Maurizio Steven L. , Sabri Tarek , Skinner Cameron D. , Capobianco John A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEvaluation of particle dynamics at the nano‐ and microscale poses a challenge to the development of novel velocimetry techniques. Established optical methods implement external or internal calibrations of the emission profiles by varying the particle velocity and are limited to specific experimental conditions. The proposed multiemission particle velocimetry approach aims to introduce a new concept for a luminescent probe, which guarantees accurate velocity measurements at the microscale, independent of the particle concentration or experimental setup, and without need for calibration. The simplicity of these analyses relies on the intrinsic luminescence dynamics of core–shell upconverting nanoparticles. Upon excitation with a focused near‐infrared pulsed laser, the nanoparticle emits photons at different wavelengths. The time interval between emissions from different excited states is independent of the local environment or particle velocity. The velocity of the particles is calculated by measuring the distance between the maxima of two different emissions and dividing it by the known difference in luminescence lifetimes. This method is demonstrated using simple digital imaging of nanoparticles flowing in 75–150 µm diameter capillaries. Using this novel approach typically results in a relative standard deviation of the experimental velocities of 5% or lower without any calibration.
Rapid Computer‐Aided Diagnosis of Stroke by Serum Metabolic Fingerprint Based Multi‐Modal Recognition
Authors: Xu Wei , Lin Jixian , Gao Ming , Chen Yuhan , Cao Jing , Pu Jun , Huang Lin , Zhao Jing , Qian Kun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide, expected to result in 61 million disability‐adjusted life‐years in 2020. Rapid diagnostics is the core of stroke management for early prevention and medical treatment. Serum metabolic fingerprints (SMFs) reflect underlying disease progression, predictive of patient phenotypes. Deep learning (DL) encoding SMFs with clinical indexes outperforms single biomarkers, while posing challenges with poor prediction to interpret by feature selection. Herein, rapid computer‐aided diagnosis of stroke is performed using SMF based multi‐modal recognition by DL, to combine adaptive machine learning with a novel feature selection approach. SMFs are extracted by nano‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI MS), consuming 100 nL of serum in seconds. A multi‐modal recognition is constructed by integrating SMFs and clinical indexes with an enhanced area under curve (AUC) up to 0.845 for stroke screening, compared to single‐modal diagnosis by only SMFs or clinical indexes. The prediction of DL is addressed by selecting 20 key metabolite features with differential regulation through a saliency map approach, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms in stroke. The approach highlights the emerging role of DL in precision medicine and suggests an expanding utility for computational analysis of SMFs in stroke screening.
6.0 V High‐Voltage and Concentrated Electrolyte toward High Energy Density K‐Based Dual‐Graphite Battery
Authors: Li Xiang , Ou Xuewu , Tang Yongbing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractK‐based dual‐carbon batteries (K‐DCBs) integrate the advantages, including high‐voltage, low‐cost, and environmentally friendliness of dual‐ion batteries (DIBs), and large abundance of K, thus attracting much attention in large‐scale energy storage application. However, most currently used electrolytes based on KPF6 and carbonate solvents commonly suffer from poor oxidation potential (<4.4 V vs Li/Li+) and low electrolyte concentration (<1 m), which limit the cycling stability and energy density of K‐DCBs. Herein, after a matching behavior study of various electrolyte solvents with potassium salts, a concentrated electrolyte is developed by successfully dissolving 5.2 m potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide into tetramethylene sulfone. This high‐concentration electrolyte exhibits advantages: 1) high oxidation potential that enhances intercalation reversibility and capacity of FSI− anions; 2) improved K+ storage at graphite anode; 3) dramatically increased energy density of K‐DCB. A proof‐of‐concept K‐ion dual‐graphite battery based on this high‐concentration electrolyte displays a discharge capacity of 83.4 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1, and negligible capacity fading after 300 cycles. Furthermore, considering both the electrolyte and electrode materials, energy density of such K‐DCB reaches ≈130 Wh kg−1, the best performance of K‐DCBs among previously reported research.
Setback distance impacts on transport and antibiotic resistance phenotypes of fecal indicators
Authors: Meyers Morgan A. , Durso Lisa M. , Gilley John E. , Miller Daniel N. , Li Xu , Schmidt Amy Millmier 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlthough the land application of livestock manure has numerous agronomic benefits, runoff from manured fields can degrade water quality. Setbacks instruct a minimum distance be maintained between manure application and surface waters. They are commonly used to manage nutrient contamination of surface waters; however, their utility for reducing microbial inputs remains unclear. Here we evaluated the efficacy of five setback distances in no‐till wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) residue plots for reducing runoff fecal indicator concentrations from swine manure‐amended fields. Also, since there is increasing interest in the use of water quality indicators to monitor antibiotic resistance in environmental systems, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus isolates were collected, and evaluated for resistance to 12 antibiotics. Seven of the 12 antibiotics evaluated in this study are critically important to human health and another four of the antibiotics evaluated are highly important to human health, according to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Significant differences existed in amounts of indicators from pre‐ and post‐manure application time points; however, no significant differences were observed for any of the five setback distances measured (range 4.9–23.2 m). Antibiotic‐resistant E. coli and Enterococcus were isolated from pre‐ and post‐application runoff, indicating presence of antibiotic‐resistant fecal indicators in both manured and in non‐manured soils, although the source manure had a higher percentage of isolates displaying resistance. It remains difficult to provide recommendations for concurrent reduction of nutrient and microbial contaminants.
A simple model for precisely describing liquid–liquid equilibrium and better understanding extraction mechanism
Authors: Gao Jiajun , Cai Yuan , Long Bingwen , Dai Yafen , Jiang Xingmao , Li Chunxi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDescribing distribution of solute equilibrium concentrations between two solvents is important for liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE). Due to non‐ideality of solutions, the distribution usually possesses non‐linear characteristic. In this work, the non‐ideality was simply represented by pseudo reaction (or chemical interaction) between the solute and the solvent without recourse to the complicated activity coefficient models. On this basis, a simple model, which combined physical partition and pseudo reaction equilibriums, was proposed and can precisely correlate various LLE systems, for example, the immiscible, the partially miscible, the organic, and even the electrolyte. More interestingly, the model can accurately reflect intrinsic mechanism by fitted parameters, that is, stoichiometric ratio of the pseudo reaction and total equilibrium constant for the interaction intensity. Besides, influence of the solute, the extractant, and temperature on the parameters was discussed deeply. This simple model is promising for precisely describing the LLE systems and better understanding their intrinsic extraction mechanism.
Use of complementary therapies for chronic pain management in patients with reported Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome or hypermobility spectrum disorders
Authors: Demes Jessica S. , McNair Bryan , Taylor Matthew R.G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEhlers‐Danlos Syndromes (EDS) and related Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders (HSD) are debilitating connective tissue disorders that feature a prominent pain component for which there are limited therapeutic options for pain management. Consequently, many patients try various non‐prescribed treatments, including complementary and alternative therapies that have not been well studied in the EDS/HSD patient population. We surveyed over 500 individuals through the EDS Society who reported having been diagnosed with EDS or HSD to ascertain what complementary and alternative therapies were used and their reported effectiveness in alleviating pain and improving quality of life. Specifically, we focused on the use of traditional Chinese therapies, herbal medications, and marijuana. The most commonly reported therapies, used by 70–92% of participants, were non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, acetaminophen, opioids, and physical therapy. Therapies rated by participants as most efficacious were opioids, physical therapy, and marijuana with 10–24% of those using these therapies rating them as extremely helpful. Patient‐initiated complementary therapy use in EDS/HSD patients is widespread at 56%. Complementary therapies were largely utilized by EDS/HSD patients with higher reported pain levels. Providers caring for EDS/HSD patients should be aware of these data showing broad usage of predominantly non‐prescribed therapies and be prepared to consider such usage in working collaboratively with these patients to develop comprehensive treatment plans to manage their chronic pain complications.
Non‐coding variants in MYH11, FZD3, and SORCS3 are associated with dementia in women
Authors: Blue Elizabeth E. , Thornton Timothy A. , Kooperberg Charles , Liu Simin , Wactawski‐Wende Jean , Manson JoAnn , Kuller Lew , Hayden Kathleen , Reiner Alexander P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionRecent studies suggest that both sex‐specific genetic risk factors and those shared between dementia and stroke are involved in dementia pathogenesis.MethodsWe performed both single‐variant and gene‐based genome‐wide association studies of >11,000 whole genome sequences from the Women's Health Initiative cohort to discover loci associated with dementia, with adjustment for age, ethnicity, stroke, and venous thromboembolism status. Evidence for prior evidence of association and differential gene expression in dementia‐related tissues and samples was gathered for each locus.ResultsOur multiethnic studies identified significant associations between variants within APOE, MYH11, FZD3, SORCS3, and GOLGA8B and risk of dementia. Ten genes implicated by these loci, including MYH11, FZD3, SORCS3, and GOLGA8B, were differentially expressed in the context of Alzheimer's disease.DiscussionOur association of MYH11, FZD3, SORCS3, and GOLGA8B with dementia is supported by independent functional studies in human subjects, model systems, and associations with shared risk factors for stroke and dementia.
Long‐term follow‐up of a racially and ethnically diverse population of men with localized prostate cancer who did not undergo initial active treatment
Authors: Slezak Jeff M. , Van Den Eeden Stephen K. , Cannavale Kimberly L. , Chien Gary W. , Jacobsen Steven J. , Chao Chun R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited research on the racial/ethnic differences in long‐term outcomes for men with untreated, localized prostate cancer.MethodsMen diagnosed with localized, Gleason ≤7 prostate cancer who were not treated within 1 year of diagnosis from 1997–2007 were identified. Cumulative incidence rates of the following events were calculated; treatment initiation, metastasis, death due to prostate cancer and all‐cause mortality, accounting for competing risks. The Cox model of all‐cause mortality and Fine‐Gray sub distribution model to account for competing risks were used to test for racial/ethnic differences in outcomes adjusted for clinical factors.ResultsThere were 3925 men in the study, 749 Hispanic, 2415 non‐Hispanic white, 559 non‐Hispanic African American, and 202 non‐Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander (API). Median follow‐up was 9.3 years. At 19 years, overall cumulative incidence of treatment, metastasis, death due to prostate cancer, and all‐cause mortality was 25.0%, 14.7%, 11.7%, and 67.8%, respectively. In adjusted models compared to non‐Hispanic whites, African Americans had higher rates of treatment (HR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.15–1.68); they had an increased risk of metastasis beyond 10 years after diagnosis (HR = 4.70, 95% CI = 2.30–9.61); API and Hispanic had lower rates of all‐cause mortality (HR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.52–0.84, and HR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.62–0.85, respectively), and API had lower rates of prostate cancer mortality in the first 10 years after diagnosis (HR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.09–0.90) and elevated risks beyond 10 years (HR = 5.41, 95% CI = 1.39–21.11).ConclusionsSignificant risks of metastasis and prostate cancer mortality exist in untreated men beyond 10 years after diagnosis, but are not equally distributed among racial/ethnic groups.
Hotel review framing and the “law of small numbers”
Authors: Cain Lisa N. , Kim Eun Joo , Tanford Sarah 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOnline booking engines are the primary method by which consumers purchase hotels stays. Thus, understanding the best ways to present hotel information to consumers is critical. An experimental study investigated how review framing, presentation format, and number of reviews influence consumers' intention to book. The findings reveal that the way hotel reviews and ratings are presented plays a significant role in consumers' booking intentions and hotel evaluations. The results demonstrated that positive framing, abstract numerical presentation, and a small number of reviews result in more favorable evaluations and intentions than negative framing, concrete presentation, and a large number of reviews. However, these variables influence different outcomes at each stage of the purchasing process. Practically, this study aids hoteliers by providing approaches to increase bookings and attract consumers. Theoretically, it demonstrates how the presentation of ratings information leads to judgmental heuristics that can bias consumers' judgments throughout the decision process.
Bronchus compression relieved by patent ductus arteriosus stenting
Authors: Zayed Wagih M. , Bhandari Krishna , Guyon Peter W. , El‐Sabrout Hannah , Ryan Justin , Ratnayaka Kanishka , El‐Sabrout Aaron , Moore John W. , El‐Said Howaida 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatent ductus arteriosus (PDA) stenting is evolving as an alternative to surgical aorto‐pulmonary shunts for infants with ductal‐dependent pulmonary blood flow. Given anatomical proximity, the PDA can compress the ipsilateral bronchus. We report a case series of four patients with bronchial compression by a tortuous PDA who underwent PDA stenting.MethodsOur four patients received PDA stents for ductal‐dependent pulmonary blood flow despite preprocedure imaging evidence of bronchial compression. We reviewed the cross‐sectional chest imaging to assess the degree of bronchial compression and the variables that affect it, namely PDA size, PDA tortuosity, and the anatomical relationship between the compressed bronchus and the PDA.ResultsThree out of the four patients had postprocedure imaging, and all showed relief of the previously seen bronchial compression. Post‐PDA stenting patients had a smaller and straight PDA with significant lateralization away from the compressed bronchus. None of the four patients developed symptoms of bronchial compression poststenting.ConclusionsOur study suggests that pre‐existing bronchial compression does not preclude PDA stenting. Stent placement in an engorged and tortuous PDA led to significant improvement in pre‐existing bronchial compression. Improvement may be attributed to PDA shrinkage, straightening, and lateralization. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Preparation of a Hollow Nanocomposite with Gold‐Embedded Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework‐67 for the Electrochemical Determination of Dopamine
Authors: Dong Yuhua , Liu Jianbo , Zheng Jianbin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis work employed a polystyrene sphere as a template to synthesize a hollow nanocomposite with gold‐embedded zeolitic imidazolate framework‐67 (H‐Au@ZIF‐67). The morphological and structural characteristics of the prepared composite were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction and energy‐disperse spectroscopy, indicating that H‐Au@ZIF‐67 with a sunflower‐shaped cross section was successfully prepared. The synthesized H‐Au@ZIF‐67 was used to construct a dopamine electrochemical sensor, which showed good linearity scope of 0.25–438.75 μM with a high sensitivity of 332.1 μA mM−1 cm−2 and low detection limit of 0.04 μM. These results showed that the H‐Au@ZIF‐67 can be a good electrode modification material for dopamine sensing.
E‐Waste Mistakenly Disposed of as Recyclable Waste: A Case Study from Brazil
Authors: de Oliveira José Diego , Neto José Francisco de Oliveira , Mendonça Silva Maisa , Santos Simone Machado 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHigh e‐waste production has become a growing worldwide challenge in waste management. Several studies show negative consequences for the environment and public health from improper e‐waste management. In this context, this paper presents a characterization of e‐waste sent to recyclable waste picker cooperatives in a Brazilian city. E‐waste is mistakenly disposed of by the population as common recyclable waste and collected through special selective collection programs. The research also evaluated aspects related to the risks and opportunities inherent to e‐waste handling by cooperatives. The results showed that i) the population very often discards e‐waste along with common recyclable waste; ii) cooperative members unsafely dismantle e‐waste for resale, because the profitability of these materials is much higher than that of ordinary recyclables; and iii) the municipality must make the population aware of the separation and disposal of e‐waste. More than just a challenge for managers, proper e‐waste management is a market with high environmental and economic potential, both negative and positive, and complete knowledge and mastery of it will show what will prevail. The results of this research may support a proposal for continuous monitoring and analysis of the flow of e‐waste to better manage this type of waste.