bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a face recognition system as experimental practices in an artificial intelligence and pattern recognition course
Authors: Fernández César , Vicente María Asunción , Martínez‐Rach Miguel O. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we present the methodology developed in a course of Artificial Intelligence and Pattern Recognition. The methodology is focused on building a face recognition system. For this purpose, we developed an own face recognition database named “Medfaces”. This database contains controlled and wild images for the same subjects, and it also contains infrared images and facial expression labels. This methodology has been applied for teaching telecommunications engineering course at Miguel Hernández University of Elche (Spain). We also present the results of our teaching experience in terms of student satisfaction.
There is no place like home: Poverty and the squatter house
Authors: Omeraki Çekirdekci Şahver 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe house is one of the most important possessions in individuals' lives and consumers perform several practices in order to turn this spatial product into a home. Building on the existing research on home and home possessions, the article challenges the western romantic notion of home by investigating poor migrant consumers' lived experiences with a spatial product that has material deficiencies and it is perceived as inferior by the members of the dominant host culture. Accordingly, this study explores how migrant and at the same time poor consumers turn the squatter house into a home. Through an ethnographic research, the research findings show how spatial, material, symbolic, social, and temporal dimensions shape the private sphere of home and how consumers individually and collectively negotiate all these of forces in order to turn the stigmatized dwelling into a home.
Phytochemical Diversity and Pharmacological Properties of Rhus coriaria
Authors: Elagbar Zaha A. , Shakya Ashok K. , Barhoumi Lina M. , Al‐Jaber Hala I. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRhus coriaria L. (Anacardiaceae), sumac, is a common condiment, appetizer and souring agent in the Mediterranean region that has a long history in traditional medicine. R. coriaria has been prescribed for the treatment of many ailments including diarrhea, ulcer, hemorrhoids, hemorrhage, wound healing, hematemesis, and eye ailments like ophthalmia and conjunctivitis. The plant is also used as diuresis, antimicrobial, abortifacient and as a stomach tonic. Sumac is known to be rich in different classes of phytochemicals including tannins, polyphenols, flavonoids, organic acids and essential oils and continues to be a hot topic for extensive research work designed for revealing its phytochemical constituents and evaluating its bioactive properties. This review summarizes the recent phytochemical and diverse bioactivity studies on R. coriaria, especially those concerned with antitumor, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antimicrobial, and anti‐inflammatory studies.
Modular AND Gate‐Controlled Delivery Platform for Tumor Microenvironment Specific Activation of Protein Activity
Authors: Ju Enguo , Wang Faming , Wang Zhenzhen , Liu Chaoying , Dong Kai , Pu Fang , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractProtein therapeutics have inspired intensive research interest in a variety of realms. It is still urgently required to avoid premature or unexpected activation of therapeutic proteins to achieve great specificity for therapy. Herein, we reported a modular AND gate‐controlled delivery platform for tumor microenvironment specific activation of therapeutic protein activity based on biomineralization of molecular glue‐adhered protein enzyme. The AND gate integrates the specific microenvironment of tumor tissues (acidic pH and a certain concentration of ATP) as inputs and activates the therapeutic activity of protein only when both inputs are active. More importantly, the activity of therapeutic protein would not be activated either at acidic pH or in the presence of ATP, which could greatly avoid the deleterious effect on normal tissues. Besides, this AND gate can be modular design and suitable for a variety of therapeutic proteins and nucleic acids.
Potent Anticancer Efficacy of First‐In‐Class CuII and AuIII Metaled Phosphorus Dendrons with Distinct Cell Death Pathways
Authors: Chen Liang , Fan Yu , Qiu Jieru , Laurent Régis , Li Jin , Bignon Jérôme , Mignani Serge , Caminade Anne‐Marie , Shi Xiangyang , Majoral Jean‐Pierre 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFirst‐in‐class CuII and AuIII metaled phosphorus dendrons were synthesized and showed significant antiproliferative activity against several aggressive breast cancer cell lines. The data suggest that the cytotoxicity increases with reducing length of the alkyl chains, whereas the replacement of CuII with AuIII considerably increases the antiproliferative activity of metaled phosphorus dendrons. Very interestingly, we found that the cell death pathway is related to the nature of the metal complexed by the plain dendrons. CuII metaled dendrons showed a potent caspase‐independent cell death pathway, whereas AuIII metaled dendrons displayed a caspase‐dependent apoptotic pathway. The complexation of plain dendrons with AuIII increased the cellular lethality versus dendrons with CuII and promoted the translocation of Bax into the mitochondria and the release of Cytochrome C (Cyto C).
Global trends in intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma incidence from 1993 to 2012
Authors: Florio Andrea A. , Ferlay Jacques , Znaor Ariana , Ruggieri David , Alvarez Christian S. , Laversanne Mathieu , Bray Freddie , McGlynn Katherine A. , Petrick Jessica L. 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundIntrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ICCs) and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ECCs) are highly lethal bile duct tumors. Their incidence can be difficult to estimate because of changes in cancer coding over time. No studies to date have examined their global incidence and trends with high‐quality topography‐ and histology‐specific cancer registry data. Therefore, this study examined ICC and ECC incidence with the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Plus database.MethodsRegional and national cancer registry data were used to estimate age‐standardized incidence rates (ASRs) per 100,000 person‐years, 95% confidence intervals, and average annual percent changes (AAPCs) for ICC in 38 countries and for ECC in 33 countries from 1993 to 2012. ICC and ECC trends were tabulated and plotted by country. Rates versus birth cohort by age were plotted, and an age‐period‐cohort analysis was performed to assess age and cohort incidence rate ratios.ResultsThe highest rates of ICC and ECC were in Asia, specifically South Korea (ASR for ICC, 2.80; ASR for ECC, 2.24), Thailand (ASR for ICC, 2.19; ASR for ECC, 0.71), and Japan (ASR for ICC, 0.95; ASR for ECC, 0.83). Between 1993 and 2012, incidence rates of both ICC and ECC increased in most countries. The largest ASR increases over the study period occurred in Latvia (AAPC, 20.1%) and China (AAPC, 11.1%) for ICC and in Thailand (AAPC, 8.8%) and Colombia (AAPC, 8.5%) for ECC.ConclusionsIn the 20 years examined, ICC and ECC incidence increased in the majority of countries worldwide. ICC and ECC incidence may continue to increase because of metabolic and infectious etiologic factors. Efforts to further elucidate risk factors contributing to these increases in incidence are warranted.
Differential expression of five prosomatostatin genes in the central nervous system of the catshark Scyliorhinus canicula
Authors: Sobrido‐Cameán Daniel , Tostivint Hervé , Mazan Sylvie , Rodicio María Celina , Rodríguez‐Moldes Isabel , Candal Eva , Anadón Ramón , Barreiro‐Iglesias Antón 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFive prosomatostatin genes (PSST1, PSST2, PSST3, PSST5, and PSST6) have been recently identified in elasmobranchs (Tostivint et al., General and Comparative Endocrinology, 2019, 279, 139–147). In order to gain insight into the contribution of each somatostatin to specific nervous systems circuits and behaviors in this important jawed vertebrate group, we studied the distribution of neurons expressing PSST mRNAs in the central nervous system (CNS) of Scyliorhinus canicula using in situ hybridization. Additionally, we combined in situ hybridization with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunochemistry for better characterization of PSST1 and PSST6 expressing populations. We observed differential expression of PSST1 and PSST6, which are the most widely expressed PSST transcripts, in cell populations of many CNS regions, including the pallium, subpallium, hypothalamus, diencephalon, optic tectum, midbrain tegmentum, and rhombencephalon. Interestingly, numerous small pallial neurons express PSST1 and PSST6, although in different populations judging from the colocalization of TH immunoreactivity and PSST6 expression but not with PSST1. We observed expression of PSST1 in cerebrospinal fluid‐contacting (CSF‐c) neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular organ and the central canal of the spinal cord. Unlike PSST1 and PSST6, PSST2, and PSST3 are only expressed in cells of the hypothalamus and in some hindbrain lateral reticular neurons, and PSST5 in cells of the region of the entopeduncular nucleus. Comparative data of brain expression of PSST genes indicate that the somatostatinergic system of sharks is the most complex reported in any fish.
Segregation of Dispersed Silica Nanoparticles in Microfluidic Water‐in‐Oil Droplets: A Kinetic Study
Authors: Sheshachala Sahana , Grösche Maximilian , Scherr Tim , Hu Yong , Sun Pengchao , Bartschat Andreas , Mikut Ralf , Niemeyer Christof M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDispersed negatively charged silica nanoparticles segregate inside microfluidic water‐in‐oil (W/O) droplets that are coated with a positively charged lipid shell. We report a methodology for the quantitative analysis of this self‐assembly process. By using real‐time fluorescence microscopy and automated analysis of the recorded images, kinetic data are obtained that characterize the electrostatically‐driven self‐assembly. We demonstrate that the segregation rates can be controlled by the installment of functional moieties on the nanoparticle's surface, such as nucleic acid and protein molecules. We anticipate that our method enables the quantitative and systematic investigation of the segregation of (bio)functionalized nanoparticles in microfluidic droplets. This could lead to complex supramolecular architectures on the inner surface of micrometer‐sized hollow spheres, which might be used, for example, as cell containers for applications in the life sciences.
Mcl1 protein levels and Caspase‐7 executioner protease control axial organizer cells survival
Authors: Sena Elena , Bou‐Rouphael Johnny , Rocques Nathalie , Carron‐Homo Clémence , Durand Béatrice C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundOrganizing centers are groups of specialized cells that secrete morphogens, thereby influencing development of their neighboring territories. Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death reported to limit the size of organizers. Little is known about the identity of intracellular signals driving organizer cell death. Here we investigated in Xenopus the role of both the anti‐apoptotic protein Myeloid‐cell‐leukemia 1 (Mcl1) and the cysteine proteases Caspase‐3 and Caspase‐7 in formation of the axial organizing center—the notochord—that derives from the Spemann organizer, and participates in the induction and patterning of the neuroepithelium.ResultsWe confirm a role for apoptosis in establishing the axial organizer in early neurula. We show that the expression pattern of mcl1 is coherent with a role for this gene in early notochord development. Using loss of function approaches, we demonstrate that Mcl1 depletion decreases neuroepithelium width and increases notochord cells apoptosis, a process that relies on Caspase‐7, and not on Caspase‐3, activity. Our data provide evidence that Mcl1 protein levels physiologically control notochord cells' survival and that Caspase‐7 is the executioner protease in this developmental process.ConclusionsOur study reveals new functions for Mcl1 and Caspase‐7 in formation of the axial signalling center.
Amino acid δ15N underestimation of cetacean trophic positions highlights limited understanding of isotopic fractionation in higher marine consumers
Authors: Matthews Cory J. D. , Ruiz‐Cooley Rocio I. , Pomerleau Corinne , Ferguson Steven H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCompound‐specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) of amino acids (AAs) has been rapidly incorporated in ecological studies to resolve consumer trophic position (TP). Differential 15N fractionation of “trophic” AAs, which undergo trophic 15N enrichment, and “source” AAs, which undergo minimal trophic 15N enrichment and serve as a proxy for primary producer δ15N values, allows for internal calibration of TP. Recent studies, however, have shown the difference between source and trophic AA δ15N values in higher marine consumers is less than predicted from empirical studies of invertebrates and fish. To evaluate CSIA‐AA for estimating TP of cetaceans, we compared source and trophic AA δ15N values of multiple tissues (skin, baleen, and dentine collagen) from five species representing a range of TPs: bowhead whales, beluga whales, short‐beaked common dolphins, sperm whales, and fish‐eating (FE) and marine mammal‐eating (MME) killer whale ecotypes. TP estimates (TPCSIA) using several empirically derived equations and trophic discrimination factors (TDFs) were 1–2.5 trophic steps lower than stomach content‐derived estimates (TPSC) for all species. Although TPCSIA estimates using dual TDF equations were in better agreement with TPSC estimates, our data do not support the application of universal or currently available dual TDFs to estimate cetacean TPs. Discrepancies were not simply due to inaccurate TDFs, however, because the difference between consumer glutamic acid/glutamine (Glx) and phenylalanine (Phe) δ15N values (δ15NGlx‐Phe) did not follow expected TP order. In contrast to pioneering studies on invertebrates and fish, our data suggest trophic 15N enrichment of Phe is not negligible and should be examined among the potential mechanisms driving “compressed” and variable δ15NGlx‐Phe values at high TPs. We emphasize the need for controlled diet studies to understand mechanisms driving AA‐specific isotopic fractionation before widespread application of CSIA‐AA in ecological studies of cetaceans and other marine consumers.
DNA quantitation and degradation assessment: a quantitative PCR protocol designed for small forensic genetics laboratories
Authors: Simoes Dutra Correa Heitor , Brescia Gloria , Cortellini Venusia , Cerri Nicoletta , Verzeletti Andrea 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFor over 10 years, quantitative PCR (qPCR) for DNA quantitation has been reported in forensics. However, assays have not been described for small qPCR platforms. Thus, technological advancement is not always implemented in small forensic genetics laboratories. A duplex qPCR assay is reported, using a StepOne instrument and targeting a short and a long human DNA region. This study was performed according to international validation guidelines, including sensitivity, repeatability, reproducibility, precision, accuracy, contamination assessment, known and case‐type samples, and degradation studies. Characterization of the genetic markers, species specificity, and population studies had already been conducted. Moreover, case‐type samples were quantified, amplified using commercial kits and the number of alleles detected was recorded. Sensitivity was shown to be 10 pg/µL. Standard curve replicates demonstrated the assay is accurate, precise, as well as fairly repeatable and reproducible. The NGM Detect kit was shown to yield higher peaks than Identifiler Plus and NGM Select for degraded samples. Moreover, quality sensors were always present and proved useful. The quantification values of the large target showed a correlation with the number of alleles detected in the STR profiles for known and casework samples. The degradation index was shown to be informative, with a value of 10 or higher indicating dropout. It is suggested that after quantitation, samples with low or degraded DNA be amplified using newer amplification kits containing quality sensors to confirm that the low‐quality profile was not affected by inhibition.
Remission in adolescents with bulimia nervosa: Empirical evaluation of current conceptual models
Authors: Gorrell Sasha , Matheson Brittany E. , Lock James , Le Grange Daniel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe few randomized clinical trials (RCTs) investigating adolescent treatment for bulimia nervosa (BN) suggest variability in both rates of, and criteria for remission. The current study examined reactivity in remission rates, relative to various conceptualizations of remission in a single RCT data set.MethodA data set of adolescents with BN who participated in an RCT (N = 110) was used to evaluate remission models based upon behavioral symptoms (e.g., binge eating), psychological symptoms (Eating Disorder Examination [EDE] scores), and combinations of these criteria.ResultsAt end‐of‐treatment (EOT), a remission model defined by behavioral symptom abstinence plus meaningful reduction in EDE global scores yielded comparable remission rates to a model defined by behavioral abstinence alone (i.e., 29% remitted). Participants with higher EOT EDE global scores were less likely to be abstinent from behavioral symptoms at 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up (ps < .001).DiscussionReduction in psychological symptoms with behavioral abstinence did not inform remission status at EOT, over and above behavioral symptom change alone. However, psychological symptom improvement by EOT may predict positive prognosis in posttreatment assessment. Results underscore the necessity of including psychological symptom improvement, as well as consistency across research and practice, in defining remission in adolescent BN.
Trialling Water-Treatment Residuals in the Remediation of Former Mine Site Soils: Investigating Improvements Achieved for Plants, Earthworms, and Soil Solution
Authors: Arab Karrar A.H. , Thompson David F. , Oliver Ian W. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
During clarification processes of raw water, a vast amount of by-product known as “drinking water-treatment residuals” (WTRs) are produced, being principally composed of hydroxides of the Al or Fe salts added during water treatment plus the impurities they remove. Aluminum-based (Al-WTR) and iron-based (Fe-WTR) materials were applied at 10% w/w to degraded, bare (unvegetated) soils from a restored coal mining site in central England (pH &lt;3.9) to study their potential amelioration effects on earthworm mortality, biomass yield of seedling plants, and element concentrations in plant tissues, earthworm tissues, and soil solutions. A separate treatment with agricultural lime was also conducted for comparison to evaluate whether any observed improvements were attributable to the liming capacity of the WTRs. After completion of the trials, all samples were subjected to a wet–dry cycle, and the experiments were repeated (i.e., simulating longer-term effects in the field). Both types of WTRs significantly increased the biomass of plants, and in some treatments, survival of earthworms was also enhanced compared to nonamended soils. Excess plant tissue element concentrations and element concentrations in soil solutions were reduced in amended soils. The implications are that adding WTRs to mining-impacted soils is a potentially viable, sustainable, and low-cost remediation method that could be used globally to improve the soil condition. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1277–1291. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
South‐South and triangular cooperation in ICT4D
Authors: Walsham Geoff 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper addresses cooperation between countries in the Global South based on information and communications technologies (ICTs) and also triangular cooperation including partners in the developed countries. It is argued that now is an important time for research and action in this space and in information and communications technologies for development (ICT4D) more generally. Some opportunities are identified, selecting mainly from papers in the IFIP WG9.4 conference in Dar‐es‐Salaam, Tanzania, in May 2019. The paper has a strong critical dimension, asking questions such as who is driving ICT4D projects, who benefits from the work, and are the less advantaged adequately included in the process. The paper ends with five broad principles on which further ICT4D research could build.
Three‐dimensional mapping of the attenuation coefficient in optical coherence tomography to enhance breast tissue microarchitecture contrast
Authors: Foo Ken Y. , Chin Lixin , Zilkens Renate , Lakhiani Devina D. , Fang Qi , Sanderson Rowan , Dessauvagie Benjamin F. , Latham Bruce , McLaren Sally , Saunders Christobel M. , Kennedy Brendan F. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEffective intraoperative tumor margin assessment is needed to reduce re‐excision rates in breast‐conserving surgery (BCS). Mapping the attenuation coefficient in optical coherence tomography (OCT) throughout a sample to create an image (attenuation imaging) is one promising approach. For the first time, three‐dimensional OCT attenuation imaging of human breast tissue microarchitecture using a wide‐field (up to ~45 × 45 × 3.5 mm) imaging system is demonstrated. Representative results from three mastectomy and one BCS specimen (from 31 specimens) are presented with co‐registered postoperative histology. Attenuation imaging is shown to provide substantially improved contrast over OCT, delineating nuanced features within tumors (including necrosis and variations in tumor cell density and growth patterns) and benign features (such as sclerosing adenosis). Additionally, quantitative micro‐elastography (QME) images presented alongside OCT and attenuation images show that these techniques provide complementary contrast, suggesting that multimodal imaging could increase tissue identification accuracy and potentially improve tumor margin assessment.
Indomethacin decreases insulin secretion by reducing KCa3.1 as a biomarker of pancreatic tumor and causes apoptotic cell death
Authors: Karatug Kacar Ayse 
Published: March 2020

AbstractInsulinomas originate from pancreatic β cells and it is the most widely known tumor. Indomethacin is a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, which is used for blocking the production of some natural substances that cause inflammation and decrease pain. In this study, I aimed to investigate the effects of indomethacin on rat insulinoma INS‐1 cells. The relationship between cell death and insulin metabolism was determined with the administration of indomethacin. The cell viability by WST‐1; the apoptosis and necrosis levels by ELISA kits; malondialdehyde levels by spectrophotometer; and beclin, intracellular insulin, insulin secretion, KCa3.1, insulin receptor (IR), glucose transporter type 2 (GLUT2), activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2), Elk1, c‐Jun, Akt and phosphorylated ATF2, Elk1, c‐Jun, Akt, intracellular betacellulin and betacellulin secretion levels by Western blot analysis investigated. The Ins1, Ins2, IR, GLUT2, ATF2, Elk1, c‐Jun, Akt, and Betacellulin gene expression levels were determined by the real‐time quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction method. Apoptotic cell death was observed with the administration of indomethacin. The insulin secretion and Ins1, Ins2 gene expression levels decreased. The insulin receptor and GLUT2 levels increased, while KCa3.1 (KCNN4) levels decreased with the administration of indomethacin to insulinoma INS‐1 cells. A decrease was observed in the total c‐Jun, phosphorylated ATF2, Elk1, c‐Jun, and Akt levels. Betacellulin secretion levels increased. In insulinoma INS‐1 cells, apoptotic cell death occurred in the following manner: (i) indomethacin might decrease insulin secretion by reducing KCa3.1, (ii) might inactivate the JNK/ERK pathway with the inactivity of transcription factors.