bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial effect of Aqueous Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract, crude neem leaf paste, and Ceftriaxone against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Sultana Shamima , Shahidullah A. S. M. , Islam Md. Mahbubul , Wasey A. F. S. A. , Nahar Shamsun 
Published: April 2020

The study was conducted during the period of July 2004 to June 2005 in the Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics in collaboration of Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh to determine the profile of antibacterial effect of crude neem leaf paste (CNLP), aqueous neem leaf extract (ANLE), and standard antibiotic Ceftriaxone against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Five separate experiments were done e.g. I) Determination of inhibitory effect of crude neem leaf paste (CNLP) by incorporation into nutrient agar media (NA), against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. II) Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of aqueous neem leaf extract (ANLE) against that three test organisms by broth dilution technique, III) Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of standard antibiotic ceftriaxcone against test organisms by broth dilution technique as well as making a comparison with MIC of ANLE and IV) Subculture study of materials from effective CNLP, ANLE, NLEE and Ceftriaxone in nutrient agar medium for confirmation of respective results of different experiments conducted. Results revealed that inhibitory effects were observed against the growth of Staph. aureus, Esch. coli and Ps. aeruginosa at 15%, 20% and 25% respectively of CNLP incorporated into NA media. The broth dilution technique was followed to determine the MICs of ANLE and Ceftriaxone. The MIC of ANLE was 714 μg/ml against S. aureus and that against E. coli and P. aeruginosa was 1428 μg/ml. The MIC of Ceftriaxone was 10μg/ml against S. aureus and that against E. coli and P. aeruginosa was 25 μg/ml. The MIC of Ceftriaxone was the lowest in comparison to MICs of ANLE. The subculture study showed similar results with that of previous experiments in terms of inhibitory effects of CNLP and MICs of ANLE, Ceftriaxone against all of the organisms studied.
Occupational Exposure to Ionizing Radiation in Interventional Cardiology Practices in Bangladesh during 2010-2014
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Sohelur , Begum Aleya , Khan Md. Rezaul Karim , Hoque Md. Ashraful , Siraz M. M. Mahfuz 
Published: April 2020

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess, analyze and discuss the occupational exposure to ionizing radiation in interventional cardiology practices in Bangladesh for the last 5-year periods.
Method: Each year, about 100 workers working in interventional cardiology departments of big hospitals in Dhaka City were monitored using Harshaw Thermoluminescent Dosimeters (TLDs) for quarterly basis. The effective dose of the occupational workers were measured using Two Harshaw TLD Readers (one is manual TLD reader, model-4500, and another is automatic TLD reader, model 6600 plus).
Finding: The average annual effective dose (about 80 % workers) in interventional cardiology practices were <2mSv in 2010-2014 and no monitored workers were found to have received an occupational exposure >50 mSv in a single year or >100 mSv in a 5 year period. The status and trends in occupational exposure demonstrate that radiation protection conditions at the majority of the workplace were adequate. Despite that, further optimization is necessary due to large variations observed in the maximum individual doses over the 5-year periods.
Clinical Significance of HbA1c in the Management of Complicated Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Bangladesh
Authors: Roy Priyanka 
Published: April 2020

Diabetic patients are generally suffered by several other diseases such as dyslipidemia, cardiovascular and urinary diseases. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a commonly used marker for identifying long-term glycemic control. The objective of this study is to investigate the co-relation of HbA1c with blood glucose level, serum lipid, cholesterol and creatinine level in type 2 diabetes patients. A prospective study was carried to collect data from the diabetic hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh though interview and from the current pathological reports of the patients and then data was analyzed using Excel. Results showed that serum lipid concentration, fasting and postprandial blood glucose are directly related with the percentage of HbA1c in the blood. In addition, risks of hypertension, dyslipidemia and kidney diseases also showed higher in high percentage of HbA1c in the blood of the patients. However, HbA1c is independent with age, weight and height of the patients. This study will help to mange complicated diabetic patients by controlling HbA1c from the beginning of the treatment.
Detecting Aphanomyces Invadans in Pure Cultures and EUS-infected Fish Lesions by Applying PCR
Authors: Afzali Fatemeh , Daud Hassan Hj Mohd , Shankar Shiv , Khan M Shuaib , Afzali Samanesadat 
Published: April 2020

Aphanomyces invadans is an oomycete fungus which causes Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS) disease in wide range of fresh and brackish water fish worldwide imposing serious economic losses. A diagnostic procedure, based on a polymerase chain reaction method (PCR) was developed to detect infection of fish with the A.invadans. A set of primers (1APM 1F and 1APM 6R) was used to specifically amplify A. invadans DNA. The PCR amplifies a 400 bp amplicon. A protocol for the extraction of A. invadans DNA from infected fish tissue and pure fungal cultures was developed. The method was tested on seven EUS-susceptible fish species (snakehead, snakeskin gourami, moonlight gourami, koi carp, catfish, gold fish, climbing perch) and one EUS-resistant fish (tilapia), artificially infected with A. invadans and pure cultures of Aphanomyces spp., Saprolegnia spp., Achlya spp., and Allomyces sp. Detection of A. invadans was possible at the early stage of sampling, which was 24 hours post injection in both EUS-susceptible and resistant fish. Resistant fish was found to be PCR-negative after 6 days of inoculation but in susceptible fish PCR-positive results obtained even after day 28 or in dead fish. Therefore PCR may be a useful method for detection EUS infection in fish from early stage of disease onset.
Chromatographic Fingerprint Analysis and Bioactivity of Origanum Vulgare Extracts
Authors: Bubueanu Corina , Nicu Ioana , Pirvu Lucia 
Published: April 2020

A very important measure for any country, in terms of public health problems and commercial exploitation, must be the development of medicinal and aromatic plant resources. Long-term strategies for the conservation of medicinal and aromatic plants, personnel training, cultivation or passage in culture of valuable species, sustainable methods of harvesting and processing plants to promote scientific research and validation of traditional remedies are needed. In the present, the natural compounds research are mainly focused on their role in improving health. The extraction processes of the natural compound are significant both in scientific and economic terms. The goal is to obtain extracts with pharmacological activity with a minimum production cost.
In this paper are analyzed hot and cold ethanol 50 % extracts of Origanum vulgare (Fam. Lamiaceae) species in terms of qualitative and quantitative chemical composition, and their antioxidant and antimicrobial potential.
The results obtained showed no significant differences in terms of chemical composition and bioactivity, between the extracts. Thus, in industry sector these results can be used for reducing cost production.
MEDYADA SINIFSAL TEMSİL MÜCADELESİ: SURİYELİ MÜLTECİLER ‘YARDIMA MUHTAÇ’ MI ‘UCUZ EMEK’ Mİ?
Authors: ARTAR Feray 
Published: April 2020

Farklı siyasal görüşlere yakınlığı ile bilinen 17 ulusal
gazetedeki Suriyeli mülteci temsillerini inceleyen bu içerik analizinde,
medyada öne çıkan ‘yardıma muhtaç’ ve ‘ucuz emek’ temsilleri arasındaki
sınıfsal farklar ortaya konur. Birisi tüketim diğeri üretim aşamasına ilişkin
olan temsiller farklı eşitsizlik kaynakları ve sınıfsal ilişkiler önerir.
Yardıma muhtaç temsili ‘zengin’ ve ‘fakirler’ olarak görünen sınıflar arasında
barışçıl bir yardım ilişkisi kurarken ucuz emek temsilinde ‘işçi’ ve ‘burjuva’ sınıfları
çatışan çıkarlar ve mücadele içinde görünür. Medyanın, yeterli sayıdaki
tekrarlarla genel geçer klişeler yarattığı ve temsil mücadelesinin bir anlamda
“normal” olanı belirleme mücadelesi olduğu kabul edildiğinde sınıfsal temsil
farklarının sınıfsal bölünmeler ve ilişkiler üzerine farklı klişe ve normlar
önererek mücadele ettiği düşünülmelidir.&nbsp;
Pesticide knowledge and safety practices in farm workers from Tubah Sub-Division, North West Region, Cameroon
Authors: Nguemo Charlie C. , Tita Margaret , Abdel-Wahhab Mosaad A. 
Published: April 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the safety measures practiced by farmers with use of pesticides in Tubah Sub-Division. The data gathered would be useful for drafting policies related to use of pesticides to reduce its effects on human health and the environment. This survey was carried out in November 2016 in Tubah Sub-Division, Mezam Division of the North West region of Cameroon. A structured questionnaire was administered to 120 homesteads of the study area. The results revealed that 94.2% of the farmers were untrained in pesticide safety measures, 30.8% did not observe any safety interval before consuming freshly treated crops and 25.8% did not read instructions on pesticide labels before handling. Fifty five percent of the farmers did not use any protective equipment, 79.2% practiced careless pesticide disposal, 13.3% stored pesticides in stores and 7.5% stored pesticides inside their houses. Eighty percent of the families stored their crops via hanging in the house and smoking the crops, while 10.8% stored their crops in sealed bins. Water washing followed by removing the outer cover was applied as a crop cleaning procedure prior to cooking or consumption. Major symptoms such as headache, wheezing, dizziness and skin problems were observed in the homesteads. Some environmental changes observed after application of pesticides were damage of non-target plants and disappearance of insects. It could be concluded that in Bambili, farmers lacked proper knowledge regarding safe handling and use of pesticides and the adverse effects of improper pesticide use to human health and the environment.
Teachers Perspectives of ICT Integration in English Language Teaching: A Review of Literature
Authors: Hafifah Gusti Nur 
Published: April 2020

This paper reviews some research articles on the teachers perspective of ICT implementation in education, particularly in English language teaching. It explores the research result based on three scopes; Teachers perspective of ICT in education in general, Teachers perspective of ICT specifically in English language Teaching in Global Context, and The teachers perspectives of ICT in ELT in Indonesian settings. The analysis is based on the research methodology; including the design, subject and instrument used in the research, also the findings and suggestions resulted in the research. Finally, this paper proposes further study on the related topic area on teachers’ cognition of ICT in ELT.
HIGHLIGHTS:

Teachers have positive perspectives on the use of ICT for education and ELT.
There are limited studies on teachers perspectives in higher education level.
Teachers perspective on ICT might be contributing factors to teachers professional development.
Projecting the Implementation Feasibility of CLIL Approach for TEYL at Primary Schools in Indonesia
Authors: Setyaningrum Rina Wahyu , Purwati Oikurema 
Published: April 2020

2013 curriculum of Indonesia has amended English as an extra-curricular or a local content subject at primary schools. There are no standards to achieve and the teachers have to find the appropriate strategies to its delivery. It triggers the teachers’ lack of confidence in terms of content and methods. On the other hand, cognitive domain with the test as achievement standard regardless providing the experience of using the language for communication has been practiced. Integrating the thematic units of primary schools’ thematic lesson seems possible to carry out because the teacher can use its themes or sub-themes as a topic for Teaching English to Young Learners (TEYL). This exploratory case study employs in-depth interviews with three teachers from well-established schools using a semi-structured interview, observations for field notes, and focus group discussion. The findings reveal that all teachers developed the materials for their teaching based on the regular class thematic lessons and a book provided by the local government. As for teaching practice, they have implemented the CLIL principles although they did not realize it. Ultimately, CLIL adaptation is appropriate for TEYL as that representative area in as much as teacher’s English language proficiency and pedagogical competency are upgraded.
Highlights:

Teaching English to Young Learners (TEYL) should provide the young learners opportunities to use the English language contextually.

Soft CLIL does not require a high level of achievement in language but it provides the students simple language instruction with simplified materials.
Genre-Based Approach: Can It Improve the Informatics Engineering Students’ Writing Skill?
Authors: Sukmawati Nur Najibah , Nasution Sukma Septian 
Published: April 2020

Because instructional process in English for Specific Purpose (ESP) context is oriented to students’ academic and professional settings within discourse community, challenges appear. Learning language and learning language are directed to improving students’ language skills to survive the 21st century. On the other hand, score-documentations proved that the students performed low skills; especially writing skill. This study aimed at improving the students’ skill in writing explanation text by using Genre-Based Approach (GBA) to Informatics Engineering students of a private university in South, Indonesia. Classroom Action Research (CAR) was conducted to the third semester students of the university within two cycles. To validate the findings, writing test, observation and questionnaire were employed. The test result proved implementing GBA improved the classroom’s average score from 54 to 59.95 in cycle 1. This improvement was supported by the students’ engagement and enthusiasm to the instructional process as suggested by questionnaire and observation respectively. Further, the implementation of cycle 2 revealed the average score improved from 59.5 to 70.5. This score improvement is followed by the students’ agility and cooperativeness during the instructional process. This concludes that implementing GBA can improve the students’ skill in writing explanation text. This finding is expected to give insight for teachers to undoubtedly using GBA in English for specific purposes context.
HIGHLIGHTS:

The instructional practice of teaching English for informatics engineering students in the private university still focuses on form-based mastery.
The informatics engineering students are eager and high-determinate to learn language skills especially writing in collaborative framework.
Trombose venosa em boca: relatos de casos
Authors: Barros Rosana Mara Giordano de , Moraes Antunes Daniella , Gusmão Kimberly Lampa , Carrilho Ângela Hassessian , Sanches Silvia Roberta Cieslak 
Published: April 2020

Trombose é o processo patológico caracterizado pela solidificação do sangue dentro de vasos ou artérias e que raramente ocorre em cavidade oral. Geralmente assintomáticos, os trombos podem acometer qualquer local do sistema cardiovascular e sua ocorrência está associada a fatores de risco como a embolização. O presente artigo relata o caso atípico de dois pacientes diagnosticados com trombo venoso em boca, localizados em lábio superior esquerdo e em mucosa jugal inferior esquerda. Em ambos os casos, a conduta realizada foi biópsia excisional e após o resultado histopatológico, os pacientes foram encaminhados ao cardiologista, a fim de verificar a existência de outras lesões não visíveis ao exame físico. Devido ao difícil diagnóstico e baixa incidência em boca, a maioria dos cirurgiões dentistas não levam como principal hipótese diagnóstica o trombo venoso. Para tanto, quanto mais precocemente for realizado o diagnóstico, maior a possibilidade de aplicar medidas primordiais para controles adequados, evitar complicações e possíveis sequelas.Descritores: Trombose; Lesões do Sistema Vascular; Boca.ReferênciasTobouti PL, Pigatti FM, Martins-Mussi MC, Machado de Sousa SCO. Oral Thrombus: Report of 122 cases with clinically descriptive data. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017;22(3):e366-70.Brandão GMS, Sobreira ML, Rollo HA. Recanalização após trombose venosa profunda aguda. J vasc bras. 2013;12(4):296-302,Kumar DR, Hanlin E, Glurich I, Mazza JJ, Yale SH. Virchow’s contribution to the understanding of thrombosis and cellular biology. Clin Med Res. 2010;8(3-4):168-72.Tjioe KC, Oliveira DT, Santos PS. Tongue phlebothrombosis: Pathogenesis and potential risks. Quintessence Int. 2015;46(6):545-48.Maia M, Cruz A, Vidoedo J, Pinto JA. Síndrome pós-trombótica e qualidade de vida em doentes com trombose venosa ilio. Angiol Cir Vasc. 2014;10(4):173-79.Fernandes DT. Análise clínica de lesões vasculares bucais tratadas cirurgicamente [dissertação]. Piracicaba: Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP; 2013.Brasileiro Filho GB. Patologia Geral. 3. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; 2004.p.104-109.Almeida FS, Hossotani MH, Moura JDG. Trombose de artéria carótida interna relacionada a trauma de palato em criança. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2012;30(1):144-47.Corrêa PH, Nunes LC, Johann AC, Aguiar MC, Gomez RS, Mesquita RA. Prevalence of oral hemangioma, vascular malformation and varix in a Brazilian population. Braz Oral Res. 2007;21(1):40-5.Fonseca Junior NL, Cha SB, Cartum J, Rehder JRCL. Eficácia terapêutica do interferon alfa em criança com hemangioma gigante craniofacial: relato de caso. Arq Bras Oftalmol 2008;71(3):423-26.
Mast cell stabilizers as a supportive therapy can contribute to alleviate fatal inflammatory responses and severity of pulmonary complications in COVID-19 infection
Authors: KILINÇ Erkan , BARANOĞLU Yasemin 
Published: April 2020

SARS-CoV-2(COVID-19) leads to severe acute
respiratory syndrome by settling the pulmonary system. Mast cells (MCs) are
multifunctional immune cells that are extensively distributed throughout the
body and mostly present in pulmonary system. MCs play a vital role in acquired and innate
immunity, and to maintain immune
homeostasis of the body through a wide range of mediators in their cytoplasmic
granules. Severe acute respiratory syndrome with proinflammatory cytokine
release and pneumonia during COVID-19 infection can result in the death, in
particular in debilitated individuals or those suffering from related chronic
disorders. In this review, we attempt to discuss potential relationship between
COVID-19 symptoms and mast cells as well as potential use of mast cell
stabilizers as a supportive therapeutic option in COVID-19 infection. MCs are main source of pro-inflammatory
cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α as well as bronchoconstrictor mediators
such as histamine, prostaglandin-D2 and leukotriene-C4 that can lead to fatal
inflammatory responses and pulmonary complications during COVID-19 infection.
SARS-CoV-2 may activate MCs through toll-like receptors or by inducing the
cross-linking of the IgE-FcεRI, thus leading to release of those mediators.
SARS-CoV-2-induced abnormal production and release of these mediators from MCs
can further exacerbate inflammation in respiratory system, consequently
pulmonary complications.Therefore administration of MC stabilizers as a
supportive therapy may be useful to alleviate inflammatory responses and
pulmonary complications in order to reduce deaths from SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Early Expression of Neuronal Dopaminergic Markers in a Parkinson’s Disease Model in Rats Implanted with Enteric Stem Cells (ENSCs)
Authors: Parra-Cid Carmen , Orozco-Castillo Eduardo , García-López Julieta , Contreras-Figueroa Elena , Ramos-Languren Laura E. , Ibarra Clemente , Carreón-Rodríguez Alfonso , Aschner Michael , Königsberg Mina , Santamaría Abel 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder affecting
the dopaminergic (DAergic) system. Replacement therapy is a promising alternative aimed at reconstructing
the cytoarchitecture of affected brain regions in PD. Experimental approaches, such as the
replacement of DAergic neurons with cells obtained from the Enteric Nervous System (ENS) has yet
to be explored.

Objective:
To establish and characterize a cell replacement strategy with ENS Cells (ENSCs) in a PD
model in rats.

Methods:
Since ENSCs can develop mature DAergic phenotypes, here we cultured undifferentiated
cells from the myenteric plexus of newborn rats, establishing that they exhibit multipotential characteristics.
These cells were characterized and further implanted in the Substantia nigra pars compacta
(SNpc) of adult rats previously lesioned by a retrograde degenerative model produced by intrastriatal
injection of 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). DAergic markers were assessed in implants to validate
their viability and possible differentiation once implanted.

Results:
Cell cultures were viable, exhibited stem cell features and remained partially undifferentiated
until the time of implant. The retrograde lesion induced by 6-OHDA produced DAergic denervation,
reducing the number of fibers and cells in the SNpc. Implantation of ENSCs in the SNpc of 6-OHDAlesioned
rats was tracked after 5 and 10 days post-implant. During that time, the implant increased selective
neuronal and DAergic markers, Including Microtubule-Associated Protein 2 (MAP-2), Dopamine
Transporter (DAT), and Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH).

Conclusion:
Our novel results suggest that ENSCs possess a differentiating, proliferative and restorative
potential that may offer therapeutic modalities to attenuate neurodegenerative events with the inherent
demise of DAergic neurons.