bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative anatomical, histological and histochemical study of small intestine in Kestrel (Falco tunniculus) and white eared bulbul (Picnonotic leucotis) according to their food type
Authors: AL-A´araji Ahmed S. 
Published: July 2020

This study was conducted on 30 birds (15 birds for each type) divided as 10 birds for each part of study. Anatomical part revealed that the small intestine in both birds kestrel (Falco tinniculus) and white eared bulbul (Picnonotic leucotis) formed from 3 segments; duodenum, jejunum and ileum with no clear demarcation line between them. In kestrel the Meckel's diverticulum appeared as small projection to separate between jejunum and ileum. Both ratio of intestinal length to body length and of intestinal weight to body weight was higher in bulbul than those in kestrel. Histological study showed that the wall of all three parts of small intestine was composed of the same histological layers; these are mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and serosa. There was almost similarity in structure of these tunics but significant differences in several Histomorphometric measurements of each tunica. Goblet cells were more abundant in all parts of small intestine of bulbul than those in kestrel and there was a gradual increasing in the number of these cells toward the end of intestine of both birds. Histochemical part of this study appeared that in villi and crypts of all small intestinal segments of both birds the goblet cells secrete neutral mucin in nature because it showed negative reaction to Alcian blue stain and positive to PAS stain.
Protective role of Nigella sativa oil on renal damage induced by acetaminophen in male rats
Authors: Hamad Zena M. 
Published: July 2020

Acetaminophen also called paracetamol is commonly used as analgesic and antipyretic agent which in high doses causes liver and kidney damage in man and animals. Nigella sativa oil have antioxidant properties. Thirty adult male rats were used and randomly divided into three equal groups. Group (A) untreated and served as control group; Group (B) rats were orally intubated (by gavages needle) acetaminophen suspension (150mg/kg B.W). Group (C) rats were given orally acetaminophen suspension (150mg/kg) plus 1ml/kg B.W of Nigella sativa oil for 42 days in both treated group. Fasting blood samples were collected at 21 and 42 days of experiment to study the following parameters: Serum creatinine concentration and blood urea nitrogen concentration. The results revealed a significant increase of acetaminophen group in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen concentrations as compression with GA. Animals treated with Nigella sativa oil plus acetaminophen (C) showed a significant decline in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen concentrations. In conclusion, the acetaminophen was effective in induction of oxidative stress and change in some biological markers related to kidney disease. Also it seems that Nigella sativa oil exerts protective actions against the damaging effect of acetaminophen
Induce estrus with ultrasonography examination and progesterone hormone assay for pregnancy diagnosis in Iraqi goats
Authors: Alwan A. F. 
Published: July 2020

The aim of present work is to induce ovulation in 40 female goats in non-breeding seasons and pregnancy diagnosis using RIA of progesterone serum level and trans abdominal ultrasonography with 3.5 MHz prop. The 40 Iraqi goats were naturally inseminated during estrous phase, using fertile backs, after withdrawal of intravaginal impregnated sponges with 20 mg of cronolone (Fluorogestone Acetate progestagen) kept for eleven days and 400 IU of equine chorionic gonadotrophin inject I/M 24hrs. before sponge withdraw. The results indicated that all does were showed (100%) estrous sign, the estrous time was 24-66 hrs. after sponge withdrawal and the pregnancy rate 67.5%. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein before progesterone treatment, at the time of insemination and after 21 day of insemination. Early pregnancy diagnosis by RIA of progesterone concentration was performed and showed progesterone hormone value as were increasing significantly (P<0.01) from 0.26±0.12 ng/ml before insemination to 3.29±1.10 ng/ml in 21 days after insemination. Pregnant animal was examined using transabdominal ultrasonography during 45, 60 and 90 days after insemination. In conclusion, estrus could be efficiently induced in female goats during non-breeding season using 20 mg cronolone impregnated sponge and 400 IU equine chorionic gonadotrophin I/M at 24 hrs. before spongy withdrawal. The effective of early detection of pregnancy by progesterone assay in 21 days after insemination and ultrasonography by abdominal 3.5 MHz transducer after 45 days of pregnancy.
Parasitic contamination of drinking water and its prevalence among handlers and sheep
Authors: Al-Zubaidi Mohammed Th. S. 
Published: July 2020

The current study was designed to determine the infection rate of intestinal protozoa in sheep and their handlers, and in their drinking water, in Wasit province, so as to study the relationship between contamination of drinking water with protozoal pathogen and infection in sheep and handlers in the period from the beginning of September 2015 to the end of February 2016. Two hundred eighty fecal samples were collected: (180) samples from sheep and 100 samples from human (50 handlers and 50 from non handlers), 50 drinking water samples were collected (18 samples; human tap water and RO bottled water and 32 samples river water). All samples were examined by conventional methods (direct moist smears, flotation with saturated sugar solution and stained with Modified acid fast, Giemsa and lugol's iodine ) The total infection rate in sheep, handlers and drinking water samples were 83.33%, 72%, 84.37% and 33.33% respectively. The result showed that drinking water samples of sheep and handlers were contaminated with protozoal oocysts or cysts of Cryptosporidium spp. (65.62%) (27.77 %), Giardia lamblia (6.25%) (0), Entamoeba spp (68.75%) (0), Eimeria spp (25%) (5.55%) and Buxtonella sulcata (40.62%)(0).
Comparative study for three protocols of general anesthesia in bucks
Authors: Omar Raffal A. , Eesa M. J. 
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate three regimens in induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in local breed bucks and the investigation of the best protocol of them based on different parameters. Eighteen healthy adult bucks weighing (27.50 ± 0.682 kg), aged (1.989 ± 0.135 years) were used. Animals were divided randomly into three equal groups to undergo pre-experiment preparation. All groups were premedicated intravenously with (0.5 mg/ kg) Diazepam, ten min. Later, the induction for first group was done by Propofol (3 mg/kg B.W), second group was done by Ketamine Hcl (2 mg/kg B.W), while in the third group was done by Thiopental sodium (3mg/kg B.W). After intubation with suitable endotracheal tube, maintenance of the three groups was done by (1.3-1.5%) isoflurane and nitrous oxide with oxygen at ratio 2:1. All the three groups underwent the measurement of the following parameters; (Induction, recovery and duration times) Clinical parameters (heart rate, respiratory rate and body temperature); Clinical signs, analgesia, muscle relaxation; Liver enzyme (Aspartate Amino Transferase and Alanine Amino Transferase). The complete randomized design within statistical analysis system (SAS) program were used for statistical analysis as relevant with a significance level set at P<0.05. The results of this study showed that the induction of the anesthesia was smooth and uneventful in all the three groups and recovery time was shorter in 3rd group in comparison with 2nd and 1st groups. The three regimens showed no significant differences in heart rate. The 2nd group recorded a sharp decrease in respiratory rate and body temperature in comparison with 1st and 3rd groups. Analgesia was very suitable in all the three groups. There were significant changes among groups concerning Alanine Amino Transferase and, Aspartate Amino Transferase. It was concluded that all the three protocols were safe and caused no hazard effect on the animals.
Study of the inhibitory effects of some medicinal plants extracts on growth of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from human, cow and sheep in Al-Qadisiyah governorate
Authors: Al-Nasrawi Huda Abdal-Hadei Ali 
Published: July 2020

This study aimed to evaluate-the inhibitory effects of ethanolic and-chloroformic-extracts of local medicinal plants as Oak (Quercus-acuta), Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and Cinnamon (Cinnamomum-zeylanicum) prepared in different concentrations (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/ml) against the growth of Listeria-monocytogenes isolated from infected humans and animals and comparing their activity with effectiveness of the standard antibiotics. The results showed detection of Listeria-monocytogenes in 3 of (50) blood samples collected from aborted woman making 6% samples, while the detection rates of Listeria-monocytogenes in milk samples collected from sheep and cattle were 4% (4/100) and 9.16% (11/120) respectively. The ethanolic and-chloroformic extracts-of Thyme as well as, chloroformic extracts of Oak and Cinnamon at concentrations (50 and 100 mg/ml) showed significant antibacterial activity against the growth of Listeria-monocytogenes isolates from humans, while the ethanolic extracts of Oak and Cinnamon did not show any antibacterial activity against the growth of same bacterial isolates. The ethanolic and chloroformic extracts of Thyme, as well as chloroformic extracts of Cinnamon at concentrations (50 and 100 mg/ml) showed antibacterial activity against growth of Listeria monocytogenes isolates of cattle, while ethanolic and chloroformic extracts of Oak and ethanolic- extracts of Cinnamon did not show any activity against growth of the same isolates. The results showed that all extracts have antibacterial activity against growth of-Listeria monocytogenes isolates-of sheep, except ethanolic extracts of Cinnamon at all tested concentration; as well, the chloroformic extracts of Thyme at concentrations (5o and 100 mg/ml) didn’t show any inhibitory activity for the growing of the same Listeria. monocytogenes isolates. Most of the results showed high antibacterial activity against growth of all Listeria .monocytogenes isolates from human and animals compared with negative control and this depends on their inhibition zones. In this study, we used six standard antibiotics as a positive control for Listeria monocytogenes, where rifampin. (5mcg),-chloramphenicol.(10mcg), streptomycin (25 mcg) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid-(20/10mcg) were effective in inhibition the growth of all L. monocytogenes isolates from human and animals, while cefotaxime. (10 mcg) and novobiocin. (30 mcg) showed no inhibitory effects against growth of all L. monocytogenes isolates.
Effect of Acellular Bovine Pericardium and Urinary Bladder Submucosa Matrixes in Reconstruction of Ventro-Lateral Hernias in Bucks; Molecular Evaluation
Authors: Al-ebadi Areeg K. M. 
Published: July 2020

The present study aimed to estimate the efficiency of both a cellular bovine pericardium and bovine urinary bladder matrix sheets in the reconstruction of large ventro-lateral hernias in Iraqi bucks by using of molecular evaluation depending on real time-polymerase chain reaction technique to investigate the level of basic-fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor genes during the healing process and reconstruction of the abdominal defects. Under sedation and local anesthesia, (6cm X 8cm size) of ventro-lateral hernias were induced in 24 of Iraqi bucks. The animals were divided randomly into two main equal groups. In bovine pericardium-treatment group, the hernias were treated with onlay implantation of bovine pericardium. While, the hernias in UBM-treatment group were treated with onlay implantation of urinary bladder matrix, 30 days post-inducing of hernias. The molecular evaluation along the period of following-up recorded a significant up-regulation of the level of basic-fibroblast growth factor gene specific for presence of fibroblasts, myofibroblasts and collagen deposition in urinary bladder matrix -treatment group in comparison to bovine pericardium -treatment group with significant difference even at the end of the study. While, a significant up regulation of the levels of angiogenesis classic gene vascular endothelial growth factor were recorded in the bucks of bovine pericardium -treatment group compared to urinary bladder matrix -treatment group. In conclusion; molecular detection of the level of growth factors in target tissue can be used as an important criterion.
Effect Scoring Method on Oocyte Maturation, Fertilization and Development Embryo Production from Local Buffalo Oocyte.
Authors: Habeeb Ihsan A. , Al- Sariy Saad M. 
Published: July 2020

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of harvesting methods (Scoring and Aspiration) on maturation oocytes, in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo development. This study was conducted at the laboratories of Theriogenology Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Medicine Basrah University, during the period extended from December 2018 to the end of March 2019. Samples from female and male reproductive system testis (50 Ovaries and 10 testes) were collected from (Al-Basrah abattoir house) after slaughter at fifteen minutes. All samples were transported in sterilize and clean boxes at (37ºC) within 1-2hrs to the center research unit. Oocytes were collected by Scoring and Aspiration methods. Only grad A and B quality oocytes were selected and incubated in an appropriate maturation medium (TCM-199) at 5% CO2, 38.5 °C and 95% humidity for 24-28 hrs. Spermatozoa were obtained by slicing of caudal epididymal of buffalo's bull. Sperms with matured oocytes were incubated in an appropriate maturation medium at 5% CO2, 38.5°C and 95% humidity from 16 -20 hrs. Fertilized ova was re-incubated in fresh media with changes 50% of media every day and examined every 24hrs for (3) days to follow embryonic development .The results showed: high significant (P<0.05) difference in the mean of collected oocytes in Scoring method than Aspiration method. There was high significant (P<0.05) difference in the percentage of grade A collection oocytes in aspiration method than scoring method. On the other hand the percentage of grade B and C oocytes in Scoring method was high significant (P<0.05) difference than Aspiration method. The percentages of Oocytes maturation in aspiration method was high significant (P<0.05) than scoring method, while the rate of oocyte fertilization was non- significant between two methods. Besides, the percentages of embryos development ( 2, 4 and 8) cells in aspiration method was significant than Scoring method.
Incidence of Canine Digestive System Tumours in Baghdad Province
Authors: Alabbody Huda Hameed Kadhim , Lafta Inam Jasim 
Published: July 2020

Tumours in pets occur naturally are as common in dogs as they are in humans. Tumours of the alimentary system have been reported in animals, although less frequently. Food patterns and specific diet components could have a big role in such tumour occurrence. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the clinical signs and inspect the neoplasm lesions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract grossly and histopathologically in dogs in Baghdad, Iraq, and to see whether pet diets had any tumourigenic effect. Throughout two years sixteen dogswere referred to Teaching Animal Hospital and private clinics at Baghdad city had masses in (GI) tract. Males and the large sizes breeds were more likely to be affected with GI tumours. Half of the cases aged 5-10 years and belonged to German Shepherd, while the other half involved the other breeds (i.e. Belgian Malinois, Labrador, Pointer GSP and Terrier) equally. Biopsies were taken from the tumour tissues for histological examination. Clinically, the animals presented general signs of digestive system abnormalities like difficulty defecating, bloody stool, lethargy and weight loss. Grossly, the tumours varied in their sizes from <3 cm to >5 cm in diameter, and the most frequent site of occurrence (10 out of 16 cases) was in the large intestine. Histologically, the most tumours reported were malignant, and included adenocarcinomas (6/16) followed by leiomyosarcoma (4/16), and 2/16 belonged to carcinoid tumour. However, lipoma and viral papilloma (4/16) were also registered as the benign tumours. Inconclusion,tumours of canine digestive system do exist but rare. The healthy nutrition of dog may be prevent this type of tumour when dog consume enough amount of raw meat, little of artificial food like kibble with small of some vegetables and fruits. Additionally, the information gained from dogs could be used to suspect and test the effect on humans as they have strong pathophysiology similarities
Right thyroid lobed cyst in a middle-aged woman: A case report
Authors: Afodun Adam Moyosore , Quadri Khadijah Kofoworola , Okesina Akeem Ayodeji , Ojewale Abdulfatai Olakunle , Bakare Airat Adeola , Eze Ejike Daniel , Ojuolape Samsudeen Gbenga , Odoma Saidi 
Published: July 2020

Background: Thyroidal ultrasound has been used to detect neck lesions and nodules for decades. However, cystic thyroid disease is rare with few reported series. Different consensus exists concerning availability of medical treatment and the limited role of surgical management.
Case presentation: We present a 31-year-old female with obvious neck swelling and dysphagia. Ultrasound diagnosed a suspected colloidal thyroid cyst in the right lobe. The hypoechoic cystic mass measures 3.2 cm x 3.6 cm on frozen sonogram, with evidence of bilateral (cervical) lymphadenopathy. Thyroid cystic nodule viewed via sonar corresponds to detected mass finding on observation and palpitation. Researchers have recently standardized Thyroid-Imaging- Reporting and Data System (TIRADS), mostly in the United States.
Conclusion: If Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) and hormone therapy fail, cysts larger than >2.8cm may require surgical intervention, especially when there is a danger of great-vessel compression.
COVID-19: Recent advances in epidemiology, virology, etiopathogenesis, clinical trials and vaccine development
Authors: Banerjee Indrajit , Mohabeer Poormasha , Shukla Ananya , Kashyap Abhishek , Robinson Jared 
Published: July 2020

Background:The causative virus of COVID-19 has been named SARS-CoV-2. It is the seventh coronavirus that is pathogenic to humans and the third in the series of human pathogenic beta coronaviruses. Patient zero was identified to have contracted the virus in Wuhan, China. Shortly after the initial identification of the virus and its symptoms, multiple studies concluded that the virus originated from the “Wuhan seafood market”, a notorious market place for illegal wildlife trade based in Wuhan, a city in the Hubei region of the People’s Republic of China. Globally, as of 7:02 pm CEST, 29 May 2020, there have been 5704736 confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 357736 deaths, reported to the WHO. The transmission of COVID-19 is primarily by way of respiratory droplets, which can be developed via means of coughing or sneezing, hence spreading the disease from one person to another person. The research proposed indicates the possibility of bats as being the natural cistern of SARS-CoV-2, hence making COVID-19 a zoonotic disease. The most suspected intermediate host is the Malayan pangolin. SARS-CoV-2 is a single-stranded RNA virus that has an affinity for ACE2 receptors in humans, causing severe pathological symptoms. Symptoms like anorexia, dyspnea, fatigue, pyrexia, cough, headache, dizziness, nausea, productive sputum, abdominal pain, myalgia, sore throat, diarrhea, and vomiting. Vaccines that are currently in the clinical evaluation are the Adenovirus type 5 vector, mRNA-1273, Inactivated alum, ChAdOx, LNP-mRNA, DNA plasmid vaccine with electroporation and Inactivated vaccines. A Phase III randomized multicountry clinical trial comprising of 100 countries known as “Solidarity” (ISRCTN83971151) has been initiated by the WHO to achieve the unified goal of producing an adequate treatment for COVID-19. The present Solidarity trial focuses on the following drugs: Remdesivir, Lopinavir/Ritonavir with or without interferon beta-1a, Chloroquine, or hydroxychloroquine.
Conclusion: It is invariably essential to promote research in this field of study and find an appropriate solution to the virus to allow individuals worldwide to lead a secure and healthy life.
COVID19: Dexamethasone; death or deliverer therefrom?
Authors: Robinson Jared , Banerjee Indrajit , Annavarapu Amarendra , Leclézio Alexandra 
Published: July 2020

Background: A multitude and wide array of various drugs have been postulated and some even attempted to be used as effective treatments against the virus. The drugs have ranged from antimalarials used in India as a prophylaxis to the disease; namely chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, to the use of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs such as Remdesivir. Dexamethasone, a cheap, widely available, long acting corticosteroid has been gaining popularity and to some extent fame in the treatment of COVID19 patients.
The benefits and use thereof were made apparent after very successful research conducted by the University of Oxford. The Recovery trial, which is one of the world’s largest clinical trials. This trial reported on June 16, 2020 that patients on Dexamethasone at a dosage of 6 mg per day for 10 days have a dramatically reduced mortality particularly in the COVID patients on ventilators. The dexamethasone proved very beneficial in the milder cases of the disease as well and reduced death by 20% in those cases. The proposed mechanism of action by which the dexamethasone drug acts is via impeding the dangerous cytokine storm, an intense immune response that severely renders the lungs damaged. This intense cytokine storm is attributed to the severe complications and respiratory failure noted in COVID19 patients. The long acting dexamethasone would suppress this autoimmune destruction and intense inflammatory reaction, thereby sparing the lungs and the patient’s life.
Conclusion: It is therefore of paramount importance that the use of dexamethasone in COVID19 cases is further studied and understood. The benefits of the use of dexamethasone are undeniable and therefore the drug should be implemented into the treatment regime with a guarded approach.
EFEKTIFITAS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN READ FOR ACTION BERBASIS KONSTRUKTIVIS TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MAHASISWA PADA MATA KULIAH MATEMATIKA 2 PROGRAM STUDI PGSD UNIVERSITAS PGRI YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Rahmawati Rina Dyah 
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas model pembelajaran read for action berbasis konstruktivis terhadap hasil belajar mahasiswa pada mata kuliah Matematika 2 program studi PGSD Universitas PGRI Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini dilakukan di program studi PGSD FKIP UPY angkatan 2017. Penelitian ini digolongkan ke dalam eksperimen semu (quasi experiment). Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian nonequivalent control group design dengan mengambil sampel penelitian dua kelas yaitu mahasiswa kelas A6 dan A7 sebanyak 73 mahsiswa. Instrumen penelitian berupa tes untuk pretest dan posttest. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah statistik inferensial yang dilanjutkan dengan Uji t dengan jenis independet sample t-test pada taraf signifikansi = 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara nilai rata-rata kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Dari analisis data diketahui bahwa nilai rata-rata kelas kontrol sebesar 76,88, sedangkan nilai rata-rata kelas eksperimen sebesar 82,90. Sedangkan hasil t test dan mean difference menunjukkan nilai positif yaitu 4,133 dan 6,021, yang dapat diartikan bahwa nilai kelas eksperimen lebih besar dari kelas kontrol. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran read for action berbasis konstruktivis secara signifikan menunjukkan efektivitasnya sebagai model pembelajaran.Kata kunci: Model Pembelajaran Read For Action, Hasil Belajar Mahasiswa, Matematika