bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silo busting makes good business sense
Authors: Henman Linda D. 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to help these leaders position themselves for the new economy, to help them see what the author has seen. As the author’s clients emerged from the global economic turmoil that began in 2008, they indicated they had learned numerous lessons – the most important one: when leaders make good decisions, little else matters. When they refuse to make decisions, or show a pattern of making bad ones, nothing else matters. Helping these leaders position themselves for the new economy, the author could see what others did not.

Design/methodology/approach
Something was standing in their way – usually the unwillingness or inability to demand cohesion and teamwork. In many cases, they thought they needed more – more education, more experience, more time or more data. They did not realize they had enough of these, but they did lack the confidence, courage and optimism to make the changes that many would resist.

Findings
Through this work together, the most successful leaders realized they could no longer push growth. Instead, they had to remove barriers to success and usually these barriers were of their own making. They needed to understand how to leverage their strengths, remove their silo-building behaviors and replace them with silo-busting decisions.

Originality/value
These compelling stories and surprising research findings in this paper focus on real people, who actively sought professional improvement and personal development. Working together, the author and others mapped out their journeys, identified the key roadblocks they faced, recognized the wrong turns they had taken and unlocked their decision-making potential – all the while navigating an increasingly uncertain world and, in some cases, more than doubling the size of their companies.
Therapeutic effect of omega‐3 fatty acids on T cell‐mediated autoimmune diseases
Authors: Ouyang Liu , Dan Yang , Hua Wenbin , Shao Zengwu , Duan Deyu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe present study was to demonstrate that the G protein coupled receptors serve as targets for the treatment of autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. Rats received pristane at the base of the tail. Affected joints were counted daily. The T cell mediated autoimmune diseases such as pristine‐induced arthritis (PIA) and autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in a rat model were profoundly ameliorated by treatment with the specific G protein couple receptors 120 (GPR120) stimuli omega‐3 fatty acids (ω‐3 FAs). Our study further revealed that the activation of GPR120 by ω‐3 FAs can result in a decrease of phosphorylated transforming growth factor‐β activated kinase 1 (TAK1), and further inhibit the downstream IKKβ/I‐κB pathway and the terminal NF‐κB activation which serves as a mediator of T cell activation. ω‐3 Fatty acids exhibited an inhibitory effect on TAK1 by enhancing the association of β‐arrestin2 and TAK1 binding protein 1 (TAB1), thus the disassociation of TAB1 from the TAB1/TAK1 complex renders a limited effect on β‐arrestin2 signaling as an innate immunity regulation. GPR120 is a functional receptor of ω‐3 fatty acids in T cell‐mediated autoimmune disease compared with its effect on innate immunity.
Knowledge co‐production with traditional herders on cattle grazing behaviour for better management of species‐rich grasslands
Authors: Molnár Zsolt , Kelemen András , Kun Róbert , Máté János , Sáfián László , Provenza Fred , Díaz Sandra , Barani Hossein , Biró Marianna , Máté András , Vadász Csaba 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

The research gap between rangeland/livestock science and conservation biology/vegetation ecology has led to a lack of evidence needed for grazing‐related conservation management. Connecting scientific understanding with traditional ecological knowledge of local livestock keepers could help bridge this research and knowledge gap.

We studied the grazing behaviour (plant selection and avoidance) of beef cattle (c. 33,000 bites) on species‐rich lowland pastures in Central Europe and traditional herding practices. We also did >450 outdoor interviews with traditional herders about livestock behaviour, herders' decisions to modify grazing behaviour and effects of modified grazing on pasture vegetation.

We found that cattle grazing on species‐rich pastures displayed at least 10 different behavioural elements as they encountered 117 forage species from highly desired to rejected. The small discrimination error suggests that cattle recognize all listed plants ‘by species’.

We also found that herders had broad knowledge of grazing desire and they consciously aimed to modify desire by slowing, stopping or redirecting the herd. Modifications were aimed at increasing grazing intensity in less‐desired patches and decreasing grazing selectivity in heterogenous swards.

Synthesis and applications. The traditional herd management practices presented here have significant conservation benefits, such as avoiding under‐ and overgrazing, and targeted removal of pasture weeds, litter and encroaching bushes, tall competitive plants and invasive species. We argue that knowledge co‐production with traditional herders who belong to another knowledge system could help connect isolated scientific disciplines especially if ecologists and rangeland scientists work closely with traditional herders, co‐designing research projects and working together in data collection, analysis and interpretation. Stronger links between these disciplines could help develop evidence‐based, specific conservation management practices while herders could contribute with their practical experiences and with real‐world testing of new management techniques.
LmIntegrinβ‐PS is required for wing morphogenesis and development in Locusta migratoria
Authors: Zhao Xiao‐Ming , Niu Niu , Yang Jia‐Peng , Liu Wei‐Min , Zhang Jian‐Zhen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWings are an important flight organ of insects and their morphogenesis depends on a series of cell‐to‐cell and cell‐to‐extracellular matrix interactions. Integrin as a transmembrane protein receptor mediates cell‐to‐cell adhesion, cell‐to‐extracellular matrix interactions and signal transduction. In the present study, we characterized an integrin gene that encodes integrinβ‐PS protein in Locusta migratoria. LmIntegrinβ‐PS is highly expressed in the wing pads and the middle stages of 5th instar nymphs. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the LmIntegrinβ‐PS protein was localized at the cell base of the two layers of wings. After suppression of LmIntegrinβ‐PS by RNA interference, the wing pads or wings were unable to form normally, with a blister wing appearance during nymph to nymph transition and nymph to adult transition. We further found that the dorsal and ventral epidermis of the wings after dsLmIntegrinβ‐PS injection were improperly connected and formed huge cavities revealed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Furthermore, the morphology and structure of the wing cuticle was significantly disturbed which affected the stable arrangement and attachments of the wing epidermis. Moreover, the expression of related cell adhesion genes was significantly decreased in LmIntegrinβ‐PS‐suppressed L. migratoria, suggesting that LmIntegrinβ‐PS is required for the morphogenesis and development of wings during molting by stabilizing cell adhesion and maintaining the cytoskeleton of these cells.
Collective Responsibility for Severe Poverty
Authors: Brooks Thom 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThomas Pogge has argued powerfully for the view that states which are responsible for severe poverty collectively share this responsibility. I claim that this rough equality of collective responsibility is not compelling. Relevant states may share collective responsibility for severe poverty, but some states possess much more responsibility than others. It may prove difficulty determining precisely how much more or less responsible some states are than others. Nonetheless, Pogge's account should be revised to recognize more clearly the inequality of contribution that relevant states have towards collective responsibility for severe poverty.
Can a PCR assay of aphids caught in‐crop on yellow sticky traps inform field level barley yellow dwarf virus risk assessment?
Authors: Bates Lucy J. , Pope Tom W. , Holland John M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInfection with barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), caused by strains of virus belonging to the family Luteovirideae including BYDV‐PAV, can result in significant yield losses in autumn sown cereals following transmission by aphid vectors such as Rhopalosiphum padi (Homoptera: Aphididae) and Sitobion avenae (Homoptera: Aphididae). Spatial and temporal variance in the infectivity of alate populations influences risk to crops from the disease, which is greatest on infection at early crop growth stages. A decision support system (DSS) to guide optimised integration of crop protection strategies through risk assessment would help avoid unnecessary application of synthetic insecticides. This study contributes to the development of a DSS by exploring the viability and relevance of a methodology to detect virus levels in individual aphids trapped in‐crop using yellow sticky traps. Using a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay, the detectability of virus from a BYDV‐PAV‐positive control colony was found not to be reduced by the process of trapping, extraction and cold storage, but did drop significantly after between 3 and 7 days of exposure on trap. This method has potential to contribute to localised risk assessment and guide optimisation of crop protection strategies.
Glutathione peroxidase‐1 overexpression reduces oxidative stress, and improves pathology and proteome remodeling in the kidneys of old mice
Authors: Chu Yi , Lan Renny S. , Huang Rui , Feng Hao , Kumar Rahul , Dayal Sanjana , Chan Kung‐Sik , Dai Dao‐Fu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the direct roles of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in kidney aging using transgenic mice overexpressing glutathione peroxidase‐1 (GPX1 TG). We demonstrated that kidneys in old mice recapitulated kidneys in elderly humans and were characterized by glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and loss of cortical mass. Scavenging H2O2 by GPX1 TG significantly reduced mitochondrial and total cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitigated oxidative damage, thus improving these pathologies. The potential mechanisms by which ROS are increased in the aged kidney include a decreased abundance of an anti‐aging hormone, Klotho, in kidney tissue, and decreased expression of nuclear respiratory factor 2 (Nrf2), a master regulator of the stress response. Decreased Klotho or Nrf2 was not improved in the kidneys of old GPX1 TG mice, even though mitochondrial morphology was better preserved. Using laser capture microdissection followed by label‐free shotgun proteomics analysis, we show that the glomerular proteome in old mice was characterized by decreased abundance of cytoskeletal proteins (critical for maintaining normal glomerular function) and heat shock proteins, leading to increased accumulation of apolipoprotein E and inflammatory molecules. Targeted proteomic analysis of kidney tubules from old mice showed decreased abundance of fatty acid oxidation enzymes and antioxidant proteins, as well as increased abundance of glycolytic enzymes and molecular chaperones. GPX1 TG partially attenuated the remodeling of glomerular and tubule proteomes in aged kidneys. In summary, mitochondria from GPX1 TG mice are protected and kidney aging is ameliorated via its antioxidant activities, independent and downstream of Nrf2 or Klotho signaling.
Can a probiotic supplement in pregnancy result in transfer to the neonatal gut: A systematic review
Authors: Moore Rebecca L. , Geraghty Aisling A. , Feehily Conor , Saldova Radka , Murphy Eileen F. , Van Sinderen Douwe , Cotter Paul D. , McAuliffe Fionnuala M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe establishment of the neonatal gut microbiome is a crucial step that may have lifelong health implications. We aimed to systematically review evidence on maternal probiotic supplementation during pregnancy and vertical transfer of the corresponding strain to the infant gut.Material and methodsMedline, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, and OVID were searched from inception to September 2018. Studies of maternal probiotic supplementation for a minimum duration of 2 weeks and analyses of neonatal stool samples were included. The primary outcome was presence of the specific probiotic strain in the infant stool. Electronic databases were searched for relevant studies and references were cross‐checked. Risk of bias among included studies was assessed and data were extracted independently by two authors.ResultsThree studies were included in the review. Only one study was identified involving prenatal maternal probiotic supplementation alone. Neonatal colonization with the maternally administered probiotic was not demonstrated but supplementation with the probiotic influenced levels of a bacterial strain other than that found in the probiotic product. The other two studies identified included both prenatal and postnatal supplementation of either mother or infant. All three studies reported employing strain‐specific isolation methodology to isolate the supplemented bacterial strain in infant stool but none used whole metagenome shotgun sequencing.ConclusionsFew studies investigating transfer of a specific probiotic bacterial strain from mother to infant were identified, showing inconclusive evidence of vertical transfer.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis found that intranasal dexmedetomidine was a safe and effective sedative drug during paediatric procedural sedation
Authors: Tervonen Miikka , Pokka Tytti , Kallio Merja , Peltoniemi Outi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimThis systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluated the effectiveness of intranasal dexmedetomidine as a sole sedative during paediatric procedural sedation outside the operating room.MethodsRelevant literature identified by PubMed, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, ScienceDirect and Cochrane Library up to 31 December 2019 was systematically reviewed. Randomised controlled trials that compared intranasal dexmedetomidine with another sedative or placebo during paediatric procedural sedation were included. Trials that studied intranasal dexmedetomidine as a premedication before anaesthesia were excluded. The primary outcome was the success of the planned procedure.ResultsWe analysed seven randomised controlled trials of 730 patients: four trials with 570 patients compared dexmedetomidine with chloral hydrate and three trials with 160 patients compared dexmedetomidine with midazolam. The incidence of successfully completing the procedure did not differ between dexmedetomidine and chloral hydrate, but dexmedetomidine had a higher success rate than midazolam. The incidence of hypotension, bradycardia or respiratory complications did not differ between the sedatives used. Nausea and vomiting were more common in children treated with chloral hydrate than in those treated with other sedatives.ConclusionIntranasal dexmedetomidine was a safe and effective sedative for minor paediatric procedures.
Findings in cattle consigned to Victorian knackeries between 2009 and 2018
Authors: Gibney JG , Pefanis SM , Jeffers MJ , Suter RJ , Hunnam JC 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo describe the causes of death or culling in cattle in Victoria, Australia, through surveillance at knackeries.MethodsData were collected from 2797 adult cattle consigned to four Victorian knackeries over a 10‐year period (2009‐2018, inclusive). Cattle were sampled either at the point of collection or at a knackery. A single best‐fit diagnosis was assigned to each case to describe the cause of loss.ResultsSampled cattle were predominantly female dairy cattle originating from the three main dairying regions in Victoria. The most commonly diagnosed conditions were calving paralysis (6.8%), followed by mastitis (6.4%), hypocalcaemia (6.4%) and dystocia (5.9%). “Unknown” accounted for 24.2% of the cattle examined.ConclusionThis study provides a unique insight into the causes of death and culling in cattle consigned to Victorian knackeries. The periparturient period was identified as a high risk period for knackery consignment in adult female cattle.
The incidence of income taxes on high earners in Canada
Authors: Gordon Stephen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article explores the “brain drain” explanation for the concentration of incomes in Canada during the past 30 years, namely, that high‐skilled Canadians make use of high salaries on offer in the United States to extract higher salaries at home. If this is the case, then for a given level of US salaries, the threat to accept outside offers should be more credible when the Canadian dollar is depreciating against the US dollar, and weaker when the Canadian dollar is appreciating. The data are broadly consistent with this claim: income concentration worsened during the depreciations of the 1980s and 1990s, and eased when the Canadian dollar began to appreciate in value. The article develops a simple two‐parameter model based on the propositions that high earners in Canada can use US salaries to bargain for higher salaries, and that Canadian high earners can shelter part of their income from personal income taxes. It also offers some preliminary evidence about the parameter values consistent with available data. The results suggest that higher top marginal personal income tax rates may potentially accentuate top‐end after‐tax income inequality. If high earners are able to use their bargaining power to extract pay increases to offset higher tax rates, then the burden of increased personal income taxes will be deflected elsewhere, and may even have the perverse effect of making the after‐tax income distribution more unequal than it was before.
Alternatives to immediate release tacrolimus in solid organ transplant recipients: When the gold standard is in short supply
Authors: Jorgenson Margaret R. , Descourouez Jillian L. , Brady Bethany L. , Bowman Lyndsey , Hammad Sara , Kaiser Tiffany E. , Laub Melissa R. , Melaragno Jennifer I. , Park Jeong M. , Chandran Mary M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGiven the current climate of drug shortages in the United States, this review summarizes available comparative literature on the use of alternative immunosuppressive agents in adult solid organ transplant recipients including kidney, pancreas, liver, lung, and heart, when immediate‐release tacrolimus (IR‐TAC) is not available. Alternative options explored include extended‐release tacrolimus (ER‐TAC) formulations, cyclosporine, belatacept, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, and novel uses of induction therapy for maintenance immunosuppression. Of available alternatives, only ER‐TAC formulations are of non‐inferior efficacy compared to IR‐TAC when used de novo or after conversion in stable kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). All other alternatives were associated with higher rates of biopsy‐proven rejection, but improved tolerance from classic adverse effects of IR‐TAC including nephrotoxicity and development of diabetes. While most alternative therapies are approved in KTRs, access via third‐party payors is an obstacle in non‐KTRs. In the setting of IR‐TAC shortage, alternate therapeutic options may be plausible depending on the organ population and individual patient situation to ensure appropriate, effective immunosuppression for each patient.
Polygenic risk score of non‐melanoma skin cancer predicts post‐transplant skin cancer across multiple organ types
Authors: Stapleton Caragh P. , Chang Bao‐Li , Keating Brendan J. , Conlon Peter J. , Cavalleri Gianpiero L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPolygenic risk scores (PRSs) calculated from genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) of non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in a general, non‐transplant setting have recently been shown to predict risk of and time to post‐renal transplant skin cancer. In this study, we set out to test these findings in a cohort of heart, lung, and liver transplant patients to see whether these scores could be applied across different organ transplant types. Using the PRS from Stapleton et al (2018), PRS was calculated for each sample across a European ancestry heart, lung, and liver transplant cohorts (n = 523) and tested as predictor of time to NMSC post‐transplant. The top PRS, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) pT1 x 10−5, (n SNPs = 1953), SCC pT1 x 10−6, and SCC pT1 x 10−6 (n SNPs = 1061) were significantly predictive in the time to NMSC, SCC, and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) analysis across organ (P = .006, .02, and .02, respectively). We observed here a similar direction of effect and effect size [NMSC HR = 1.31(1.08‐1.59)] to that in the original discovery study with increased polygenic burden leading to a faster time to developing NMSC. In summary, we found that PRS of NMSC calculated from GWAS of NMSC in non‐transplant populations independently replicated in this cohort of heart, lung, and liver transplant.
Phenotypic plasticity related to temperature induces song variation in the field cricket Gryllus rubens
Authors: Beckers Oliver M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMating songs and preferences for these songs have to match for communication to function. Since this match restricts variation, understanding how phenotypic variation is introduced in communication systems is essential for understanding their evolution. The environment, through phenotypic plasticity or parental effects, is an important catalyst for phenotypic variation. In Kentucky, the cricket Gryllus rubens has one reproductive generation in the spring and one in the fall and the mating songs differ substantially between generations. I tested whether these differences in songs are the result of intergenerational (i.e., parental effects) or intragenerational phenotypic plasticity. To test for the role of parental effects on songs, I reared offspring of field‐collected spring and fall females in a common garden environment and recorded their songs. None of the analyzed song characters differed between the sons of fall and spring parents, suggesting that parental effects do not play a role in song development. To test for the effect of phenotypic plasticity on songs, I reared juvenile and adult males in two separate sets of experiments at two different levels of temperature and daylength. Rearing temperature affected every analyzed song character: The higher adult rearing temperature (32°C) induced significantly faster pulse rates, shorter pulse durations, and higher dominant frequency compared with the lower rearing temperature (24°C). The higher juvenile temperature induced significantly shorter pulse durations, longer interval durations, and lower pulse duty cycles than the lower rearing temperature. Rearing photoperiod did not affect male song development. The changes induced by the temperature treatments paralleled those observed in the wild, suggesting that the seasonally different songs in Kentucky are primarily the result of seasonal temperatures. Possible evolutionary consequences of the temperature‐related phenotypic plasticity are discussed.