bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
286 The influence of age and winter environment on Rumax Bovibox and Bovibox HM supplement intake behavior of winter grazing beef cattle on mixed-grass rangelands
Authors: Wyffels Samuel , Parsons Cory T , Dafoe Julia M , Boss Darrin L , McClain Tyrell , Carter Boone , DelCurto Timothy 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study evaluated the influence of cow age and temperature adjusted for windchill (Twindchill) on supplement intake behavior of cattle winter grazing northern mixed-grass prairie rangelands. A commercial herd of 291 (yr-1) and 316 (yr-2) bred cows were winter grazed on a 329-ha rangeland pasture for 2 years. Cows were assigned to one of six age classifications and were provided free-choice access to Rumax Bovibox HM (2018–2019) and Rumax Bovibox (2019–2020) protein blocks. The target daily intake range was 0.45–0.91 kg∙cow-1∙d-1. Supplement was provided in a SmartFeedPro self-feeder system to measure individual animal supplement intake and behavior. Average daily supplement intake (expressed as kg∙cow-1∙d-1) and variation in supplement intake displayed Twindchill × cow age × yr interactions (P ≤ 0.05). There was no effect of age on daily supplement intake at below average and above average Twindchill in yr 1 (P ≥ 0.07). Age displayed a quadratic effect on daily supplement intake at average Twindchill in yr-1 (P &lt; 0.01) but was limited to 3- and 4-yr-old cattle consuming more supplement per day than yearlings (P ≤ 0.02). During yr-2, cow age had a quadratic effect on supplement intake for all Twindchill conditions (P &lt; 0.01) where 3-yr-old cattle consumed more supplement per day than yearlings, 5–7- and ≥ 8-yr-olds (P ≤ 0.01). Cow age exhibited quadratic effects on variation in supplement intake across all Twindchill conditions during both years (P &lt; 0.01). However, the quadratic effects of age in yr-1 were limited to yearlings having higher variation in supplement intake than all other ages (P &lt; 0.01). In summary, both cow age and the winter environmental conditions interacted to influence animal supplement intake behavior and, as a result, nutrient delivery efficacy in winter grazing beef cattle.
289 Effects of dietary Zn on ewe milk minerals and somatic cell count
Authors: Page Chad M , Murphy Tom , Taylor Bret , Julian Alexis , Whaley Jaelyn , Woodruff Kelly , Hummel Gwendolynn , DeMarco Claudia , Laverell Dylan , Cunningham Hannah , Rule Daniel , Stewart Whit C 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the effects of dietary Zn fed at approximately 3 times NRC recommendations on milk Zn concentrations and mammary health. Within Rambouillet (WF) and Hampshire (BF) breeds, ewes were ranked by BW and randomly assigned down the rank into 2 treatment groups: Control (n = 45, 37 mg Zn/kg DM) and Zn treatment (n = 44, 113 mg Zn/kg DM). Treatments were delivered via a ZnSO4-fortified alfalfa pellet fed at a rate of 0.45 kg/d DM from a RFID-activated automated feeder from approximately 6 wk before to 4 wk after lambing. Ewe milk was collected twice weekly, and analyzed for mineral content (d 0, 10, and 30 of lactation) and somatic cell count (SCC; d 3–5, 6–9, 10–12, 13–16, 17–19, 20–23, 24–26, 27–29, or 30–32). Single-bearing ewes had greater Ca, Mg, and P (P ≤ 0.04) than multiple-bearing ewes. Day of lactation influenced milk Mg, P, and Zn (P &lt; 0.01), and values generally decreased as lactation progressed. Milk Zn was 1.7-fold greater (P &lt; 0.01) for Zn treatment than Control ewes. Milk Ca, Mg, and P were greater for Control than Zn treatment (P ≤ 0.02) ewes. A breed × litter size effect was detected for LogSCC (P = 0.02). Single-bearing WF ewes had lower LogSCC than multiple-bearing WF ewes (5.36 ± 0.09 vs 5.74 ± 0.07; P &lt; 0.01) but litter size did not affect BF ewe LogSCC (5.80 ± 0.08 vs 5.79 ± 0.09; P = 0.92). Day of lactation impacted ewe SCC (P &lt; 0.01), with peak SCC between d 6 and 9, which began to decline as lactation progressed. In conclusion, dietary Zn above NRC recommendations increased milk Zn.
PSV-3 A systems design for sensor-based parturition and calf status detection in rangeland environments
Authors: Chang Anita Z , Trotter Mark G 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Livestock production in rangeland environments is often fraught with numerous challenges that can limit regular human-animal interaction. As such, cattle in these environments can remain unmonitored for days or months at a time. The integration of on-animal sensing systems in these environments could provide a means for producers to remotely monitor their animals without incurring the significant labour costs associated with manually checking on their livestock. These devices could be used to monitor critical times in a cow’s life, such as calving. Parturition represents a high-risk period in both a cow and calf’s life, where the risk of disease or death is greatly increased. Additional monitoring in this period is beneficial, such that any complications can be promptly detected and managed. On-animal sensing systems could be used to identify when or if calving has successfully occurred and to infer the status of the calf in the first few months of life. For a precise and well-integrated system to be developed, there needs to be a greater understanding of the data required at each stage. This study will provide a conceptual overview and systems design outlining how an on-animal sensor system could be used to detect calving and calf status and provide updates to the producer in the event of complications. This research is funded by Central Queensland University, Meat and Livestock Australia, and Telstra.
PSIII-15 Genetic variability of Russian domestic reindeer populations (Rangifer Tarandus) by microsatellites
Authors: Kharzinova Veronika R , Dotsev Arsen V , Solovieva Anastasiya D , Fedorov Valeriy I , Shimit Larisa D , Romanenko Tatiana M , Senchik Alexander V , Sergeeva Olga K , Goncharov Vasily V , Layshev Kasim A , Yuzhakov Alexander A , Brem Gottfried , Zinovieva Natalia A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Domestic reindeer are bred across the Russian tundra from the Kola Peninsula to Chukotka and in the mountain-taiga zone. To understand the genetic diversity and population structure of domestic reindeer, 528 individuals were analyzed using 14 microsatellites. The sample included the Nenets breed of the Komi Republic (NEN_K, n = 42), Nenets (NEN_N, n = 148), Yamalo-Nenets (NEN_Y, n = 46), Archangelsk (NEN_A, n = 47), Murmansk (NEN_M, n = 43), Taymyr (NEN_T, n = 52) regions; the Even (EVN, n = 33), the Evenk (EVK, n = 31), the Chukotka (CHUY, n = 33) breeds of Yakutia; the Chukotka breed (CHU, n = 40) of Chukotka Region; the Tuvinian (TUV, n = 32) and Mongolian (MGL, n = 21) populations of the Tuva Republic and Mongolia. Calculations were done in R package “diveRsity,” software SplitsTree 4.14.6., Structure 2.3.4. Possibly due to permanent exchanges with animals among farms of the Nenets region and thus introduction of “foreign” alleles into the herds, a higher level of genetic diversity was found in NEN_N (HE=0.699; AR =6.086). All groups had a significant homozygote excess with the maximal value of FIS in geographically isolated populations MGL (0.326) and TUV (0.229). Neighbor-Net tree showed formation of three main clusters according to breed origin and breeding region: (1) the Nenets reindeer from different regions, (2) three breeds of Yakutia and (3) TUV and MGL populations. CHU branched individually with a distance from others. At K=11 of STRUCTURE, we observed a clear clustering of CHU, MGL, TUV, NEN_T. A middle level of admixture was detected in NEN_A, NEN_Y, NEN_M and NEN_N with NEN_K and CHUY with EVN/EVK, which formed one cluster. Here, we obtained more detailed information on genetic variability of Russian domestic reindeer, which would assist to fill current gaps in knowledge about this essential species for many indigenous peoples of the Far North. The study was funded by the RSF within Project no. 16-16-10068-P.
PSXII-26 Maternal energy restriction in early gestation affects MYOG network topology of bovine skeletal muscle
Authors: da Silva Diniz Wellison Jarles , Crouse Matthew S , Cushman Robert A , Caton Joel , Dahlen Carl R , Reynolds Lawrence P , Ward Alison K 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Maternal nutrition has long-term consequences in muscle development through transcriptomic changes. Although gene expression differences were reported between dietary treatments, the relationship between genes and its role in the regulation of specific pathways is still limited. Herein, we performed a gene co-expression network (GCN) analysis to determine the relationship between maternal nutrition, gene expression, and the pathways that control skeletal muscle development. Gene expression was measured with RNA-Seq in 14 fetuses collected on day 50 of gestation from dams fed a diet initiated at breeding to either achieve 60% (RES, n = 7) or 100% (CON, n = 7) of NRC energy requirements. After data quality control, mapping, and normalization, we constructed a GCN for 14,205 genes by using the PCIT approach. The networks were built individually for CON and RES groups resulting in approximately 3 and 4 million significantly correlated pairs (P &lt; 0.05), respectively. To reduce the network complexity, we selected those correlated genes (r &gt; |0.95|) that were previously reported as differentially expressed for these animals. Although we identified a greater number of hub genes in the CON group (35 vs. 22), the connectivity degree was significantly higher in RES. The over-representation analysis pointed out different pathways between the exclusively connected genes from each group. Signaling pathways such as FoxO and AMPK underlay the CON group (n = 1,393 genes), whereas fatty acid metabolism, mTOR, and insulin were over-represented in the RES group (n = 2,453 genes). MYOG, a transcription factor required for myogenesis, was identified among the hub genes in both groups; however, it was 70.5% more connected and 33% more expressed in the RES group (P &lt; 0.001). In summary, energy restriction likely modulates gene expression, specific functions, and consequently, muscle metabolism by affecting gene-specific sub-networks. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.
PSXII-30 SNPs IN THE GROWTH HORMONE GENE OF WILD AND DOMESTIC REINDEER (Rangifer tarandus) IN RUSSIA
Authors: Krutikova Anna , Dementeva Natalia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the northern part of Russia, there are wild and domestic reindeer. There are four breeds of domestic reindeer in Russia: Nenets, Evenki, Even and Chukchi. The breeds are adapted to various climatic zones of habitat (tundra or taiga). Breeds vary in growth and live weight, as well as in areas of application. The aim was to study the polymorphism of the gene for growth hormone in the reindeer. The DNA was extracted by the phenolic method using the standard method using proteinase K from blood and tissues. Specially designed primers were used to amplify the site of growth hormone gene. As a result of amplification, a 422 bp fragment was obtained covering the region of the somatotropin gene containing 2 and 3 exons. The resulting amplification was sequenced on an Applied Biosystems 3500 Genetic Analyzer using the BigDye® Terminator v3.1 Sequencing Standard Kit according to the protocol. Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms of C12T, C72T, A122G, A235G were detected in the investigated region of the growth hormone gene (somatotropin). The positions of the found SNPs were determined from a similar section of the gene in a red deer (Cervus elaphus), the genome of which was completely sequenced. Two SNPs are in the intron, two are in the exon. The frequencies of genotypes and alleles were calculated in the six studied populations of domestic and wild reindeer. The results obtained in the study make it possible to draw conclusions about the genetic difference between the populations of wild and domestic reindeer of Russia, and between the domestic reindeer of different breeds. Theme АААА-А-18-118021590138-1.
PSXII-21 Genome-wide search for genomic regions under putative selection in two Russian native cattle breeds using high-density SNP Bead Chip
Authors: Dotsev Arsen V , Zinovieva Natalia A , Deniskova Tatiana Evgenievna , Abdelmanova Alexandra , Sölkner Johann , Reyer Henry , Wimmers Klaus , Brem Gottfried 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
National livestock genetic resources are the valuable source of genetic variability, which are necessary to ensure the sustainability of the local animal production systems. The aim of our work was to characterize the genomic architecture and to detect signatures of selection in two oldest Russian native cattle breeds, using high-density DNA arrays. Fifty-six animals of Yaroslavl (n = 31) and Kholmogor (n = 25) were selected for the study. The Illumina Bovine HD BeadChip (777,962 SNPs) was used for genotyping. High-density SNP genotypes for Holsteins (n = 25) were used as the reference. Three methods (Fst, hapFLK, and ROH) were implemented to detect the genomic regions to be under putative selection. The results of the PCA-plot, Neighbor-Net analysis and Admixture clustering showed clear genetic differences between Yaroslavl and Kholmogor breeds as well as between them and Holsteins. Comparison of the results produced by different methods showed presence of twelve regions in genome of Yaroslavl breed and nine regions in genome of Kholmogor breeds, which were identified at least by two methods. We have confirmed nine regions under putative selection in genome of Yaroslavl cattle and six regions in genome of Kholmogor cattle, which were described previously based on medium-density SNP genotypes, herewith the flanking positions of the most of these regions were expanded. Additionally, we detected three new putative genomic regions affected by selection in each studied breed, which were localized on chromosomes 4, 15 and 17 in Yaroslavl breed and on chromosomes 12, 15 and 18 in Kholmogor breed. The functional annotation of genes localized within identified regions was carried out. Our research results can be useful for genetic improvement of the studied cattle breeds and for developing the programs for their conservation. The study was supported by RSF within project No. 19-76-20012.
PSXII-36 Use of FSH or hCG to enhance follicular growth and pregnancy per artificial insemination during a split-AI program in crossbreed beef heifers
Authors: Castaneda Daniella C Heredia , Ojeda-Rojas Oscar Alejandro , White Darrel , Londono Maria C , Lasso Sergio D , Enriquez Guido E , Ugarte Maria B , Macay Gabriela , Venturini Mauro , Gonella-Diaza Angela M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objective of the study was to compare follicle growth and pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI) in crossbreed heifers receiving either a low dose of hCG (150 IU) or a low dose of FSH (20 mg) vs. a control group during the final stage of a split-AI protocol. A total of 387 heifers were enrolled in the trial and were randomly assigned in three treatments (Control n = 134, FSH n = 125, and hCG n =128) within reproductive tract score (RTS; 1 to 5 scale), body condition score (BCS; 1 to 9 scale) and pubertal status. All groups were synchronized with a 7-day CO-Synch + CIDR protocol, at CIDR removal the two treatments were injected, an Estrotect patch was placed, and the diameter of the dominant follicle was assessed through transrectal ultrasonography, at day 9 heifers that presented estrus (&gt; 50% of the Estrotect patch rubbed off) were AI, and those that did not were TAI at day 10. An ultrasound was carried out along with the AI to measure the diameter of the preovulatory follicle and 30 days after for pregnancy check. The data was analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure (SAS). The diameter of the preovulatory follicle was different among treatments (Control: 11.48 ± 0.21; FSH: 11.48 ± 0.25; hCG; 10.73 ± 0.28; P = 0.01). However, the rate of follicular growth (Control: 4.96 ± 0.37; FSH: 4.59 ± 0.39; hCG: 5.12 ± 0.38; P = 0.64) and P/AI (control: 41.35%; FSH: 35.77%; and hCG: 34.38%; P = 0.47) were not different among groups. There was a significant difference (P &lt; .0001) in P/AI when comparing animals that presented estrous (48.99%) or not (29.27%). In conclusion, the use of low dosed of hCG or FSH at the time of device removal did not increase the proportion of pregnant heifers.
PSXII-29 Partitioning of Inbreeding Depression using Pedigree and Genomic Approaches
Authors: Sumreddee Pattarapol , Toghiani Sajjad , Hay Elhamidi , Aggrey Samuel E , Rekaya Romdhane 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Understanding the accumulation of autozygosity over time in a genome could enhance the assessment of the effect of inbreeding and the mitigation of its harmful impact. To date, runs of homozygosity (ROH) have been commonly used to study inbreeding’s impact in livestock species, as an alternative to the pedigree-based approach. Although inbreeding caused by the mating of animals related through a recent common ancestor is reasonably expected to have more pronounced effects on traits, estimating these effects requires a clear definition of recent (new) and ancient (old) inbreeding. Several methods have been proposed to classify inbreeding using pedigree and genomic information. Unfortunately, these methods are largely based on heuristic criteria (e.g., number of generations from common ancestor and length of ROH segments). To mitigate these deficiencies, we developed a method to classify inbreeding into recent and ancient classes based on a grid search driven by the hypothesis that new inbreeding tends to have a more pronounced effect than old inbreeding. The proposed method was tested using data from Line-1 Hereford cattle population characterized by a deep complete pedigree. Genomic data consisted of 50K SNP genotypes. Effect of recent and ancient inbreeding was assessed on four growth traits (birth, weaning and yearling weights and average daily gain). Thresholds to classify inbreeding into recent and ancient classes varied across traits and sources of information. Using pedigree information, increased inbreeding in the last 10 to 11 generations was considered as recent. When genomic information was using, thresholds ranged between 4 to 7 indicating the ability of ROH segments to better characterize the harmful impact of inbreeding in shorter periods of time. Using several model comparison criteria (adjusted R-squared, AIC, and BIC), the proposed method was better than existing approaches. Furthermore, the method provided a more objective quantitative approach for the classification of inbreeding.
PSVIII-2 Antibody yield for polyclonal egg yolk antibody (IgY) production in laying hens
Authors: Nolden Cherrie , Grisham Abbey , Schaefer Dan , Akins Matt , Cook Mark 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Antibody production in egg yolks of immunized laying hens is an alternative to conventional mammalian production. Antibody yield peak and duration have not been described for immunoglobulin Y technology using Freund’s incomplete adjuvant (FIA) and C-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) without the inclusion of Freund’s complete adjuvant for enhancing the immune response to an interleukin-10 (IL-10) peptide. This study sought to describe the antibody titer production for an 8 amino acid sequence from the surface of the bovine IL-10 protein (VMPQAENG) as the antigen emulsified with CpG-ODN and FIA in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). 60 hens were assigned to receive the complete vaccine (Peptide), 20 received the vaccine without the IL-10 peptide (Control), and 8 received a PBS injection (Blank). Hens were immunized with 0.25 mL in 4 locations, each breast and each thigh on days 1, 15 and 29. The complete vaccine delivered 0.6 mg IL-10 peptide, 8 µg CpG-ODN, and 0.33 mL FIA per hen on each vaccination day. Eggs were collected regularly until 175 days after the first immunization and the anti IL-10 peptide activities of the yolk were determined by ELISA. Egg titers by treatment were analyzed with a repeated measures ANOVA in SAS. The supplementation of FIA with CpG-ODN produced high titers, of over 100 µg of antibody per mL of yolk (µg Ab/mL yolk), around day 33 through day 76, with a slow decline through day 175 when average titers remained above 40 µg Ab/mL yolk. Peptide egg titers were significantly higher than Blank or Control titers from day 31 though day 175 (P &lt; 0.0001). Titers recovered from Marcq et al. (2015) with similar methods were 1.5 to 7 times lower than these results over the same number of days.
PSI-8 Effect of breed on the abundance and expression of Shiga toxin in Escherichia coli from the recto-anal junction of feedlot beef cattle
Authors: Pan Zhe , Chen Yanhong , Gaenzle Michael , McAllister Tim A , Guan Leluo L 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Shiga toxin (Stx) is the main virulence factor of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), and ruminants including cattle are the main reservoir of STEC. This study aimed to assess whether cattle breed affects the abundance and expression of Stx and to determine whether the expression of host immune genes can serve as markers of STEC colonization. In total, 143 rectal tissue and content samples were collected from feedlot beef steers in 2014 (n = 71) and 2015 (n = 72) composed of three breeds (Angus, Charolais and Kinsella Composite) with differing feed efficiency. The abundance and expression of Stx1 and Stx2 by STEC associated with rectal tissue was quantified by qPCR and reverse-transcription-qPCR, respectively. Four immune genes (MS4A1, CCL21, CD19, and LTB), previously reported to be down-regulated in super-shedder cattle (i.e., &gt; 104 cfu g-1) were selected and their expression was evaluated using qPCR. The abundance of stx1 and stx2 differed (P &lt; 0.001) among breeds in rectal content samples collected in 2014, while no such difference was detected for 2015 samples. Correlation analysis showed that the expression of stx2 was negatively correlated with MS4A1 (R = -0.56, P = 0.05) and positively associated with LTB (R = 0.60, P = 0.05). The random forest model revealed that the expression of selected immune genes could be used as indicators of Stx2 expression and potential STEC colonization with prediction accuracy of MS4A1 &gt;LTB &gt;CCL21 &gt;CD19. Our results indicate that the abundance and expression of Stx could be affected by cattle breed and the year of sampling, suggesting that host genetics and environment influence STEC colonization. The relationship between the expression of host genes associated with immunity and Stx by STEC expression suggests a role of host in STEC colonization, but further validation is needed to confirm the predictiveness of identified markers.