bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional status and functionality in geriatric rehabilitation patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wojzischke Julia , van Wijngaarden Janneke , van den Berg Claudia , Cetinyurek-Yavuz Aysun , Diekmann Rebecca , Luiking Yvette , Bauer Jürgen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeSince there is only limited evidence available for geriatric rehabilitation patients, this systematic review and meta-analysis aims to characterize the nutritional status in this population and its relationship with functionality.MethodsEight databases were searched for full-text articles reporting baseline nutritional intake and status of adults ≥ 60 years in rehabilitation settings. Pooled estimates were calculated for prevalence of malnutrition and risk of malnutrition based on the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and for mean body mass index (BMI). Associations between nutritional status (MNA, MNA short form and BMI) and functional status (Barthel Index and Functional Independence Measure) and prevalence of sarcopenia were reviewed.Results62 out of 1717 references were eligible for inclusion. Pooled prevalence [95% confidence interval (CI)] of malnutrition and risk of malnutrition were 13 (5–20) % and 47 (40–54) %. Pooled estimate (95% CI) for BMI was 23.8 (23.2–24.5) kg/m2. Existing data suggest a risk for low protein and energy intake and vitamin D deficiency. Functional status differed widely. Seven out of ten studies reported significant associations between reduced nutritional status and reduced functionality, whilst two out of seven studies reported significant associations between higher BMI and functionality. Prevalence of sarcopenia was high with 40–76% in this population.ConclusionsAlthough geriatric rehabilitation populations and settings were heterogeneous, a relevant percentage of geriatric rehabilitation patients were affected by a reduced nutritional status. Nutritional status was associated with decreased functionality. This emphasizes the need for screening for malnutrition and targeted nutritional intervention.
Socio‐cognitive variables involved in the relationship between violence exposure at home and child‐to‐parent violence
Authors: Contreras Lourdes , León Samuel P. , Cano‐Lozano M. Carmen 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe aim of the current cross‐sectional study was to examine the role of social‐cognitive processing in the relation between violence exposure at home and child‐to‐parent violence.MethodsThe study included 1,624 adolescents (54.9% girls) aged between 12 and 18 years (Mage = 14.7, SD = 1.7 years) from Jaén and Oviedo (Spain) who completed a set of questionnaires about violence exposure, child‐to‐parent violence and social‐cognitive processing.ResultsThe data revealed that exposure to violence at home is related to dysfunctional components of social‐cognitive processing, and that whereas some of these components (anger and aggressive response access) are positively related to child‐to‐parent violence motivated by reactive reasons, other components (anticipation of positive consequences and justification of violence) are positively related to the instrumental use of the aggression against parents.ConclusionsMore prevention work is needed with children exposed to violence at home to reduce the risk of intergenerational transmission of violence. Moreover, treatment programs should include intervention on the way in which adolescents process the information in their interactions with parents. These interventions must be focused on different components of social‐cognitive processing, depending on whether these aggressive behaviors are motivated by reactive or instrumental reasons.
Management of rectal stump leak following emergency Hartmann’s procedure
Authors: Johnston Sarah , De Lacavalerie Penelope 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe report on the management of three cases of rectal stump leak and sepsis following urgent Hartmann’s procedure for perforated sigmoid diverticulitis or large bowel obstruction. Two patients had significant risk factors for poor tissue healing. All patients developed features of sepsis and computer tomography scans demonstrated rectal stump leak with adjacent collections. All patients required reoperation for drainage and washout of abscess. An intraperitoneal catheter system was introduced together with drains in order to continue on the ward until tract was formed. There was no mortality and minimal morbidity. The key to management of rectal stump leak is the early and aggressive drainage of the associated collection and continued irrigation of the stump.
A comparison of glacial and paraglacial denudation responses to rapid glacial retreat
Authors: Williams Haley B. , Koppes Michele N. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGlacier thinning and retreat drives initial acceleration of glacier sliding and erosion, de-buttressing of steep valley walls, and destabilization of ice-marginal deposits and bedrock, which can lead to massive rock avalanching and accelerated incision of tributary watersheds. A compelling example of these changes occurred in Taan Fjord in SE Alaska due to the rapid thinning and retreat of Tyndall Glacier over the past half century. Increased glacier sliding speeds led to both increased rates of subglacial erosion and the evacuation of subglacially stored sediments into the proglacial basins. The shrinking glacier also exposed proglacial tributary watersheds to rapid incision and denudation driven by >350 m of baselevel fall in a few decades. Moreover, in October 2015 a large tsunamigenic landslide occurred at the terminus of Tyndall Glacier, largely due to thinning exposing oversteepened, unstable slopes. Sediment yields from the glacier, the landslide and the tributary watersheds, measured from surveys of the sediments in the fjord collected in 1999 and 2016, are compared to ongoing changes in glacier and fjord geometry to investigate the magnitude of glacial and paraglacial denudation in Taan Fjord during retreat. In the last 50 years, sediment yields from the glacier and non-glacial tributaries kept pace with the rapid rate of retreat, and were on par with each other. Notably, basin-averaged erosion rates from the paraglacial landscape were twice that from the glacier, averaging 58 ± 9 and 26 ± 5 mm a−1, respectively. The sharp increases in sediment yields during retreat observed from both the glacier and the adjacent watersheds, including the landslide, highlight the rapid evolution of landscapes undergoing glacier shrinkage.
National survey and molecular diagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in livestock in France, 2012
Authors: Umhang Gérald , Richomme Céline , Bastid Vanessa , Boucher Jean-Marc , Peytavin de Garam Carine , Itié-Hafez Sabine , Danan Corinne , Boué Franck 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe parasitic species of the Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (sl) complex are the causative agents of cystic echinococcosis in humans. The lifecycle of E. granulosus sl is essentially domestic, and is based on the consumption by dogs of hydatid cysts in viscera of livestock species. The aim of this study was to survey E. granulosus sensu lato in livestock in France. A 1-year national survey of E. granulosus sl in livestock at the slaughterhouse was organized in 2012 in France, with systematic molecular confirmation. The prevalence of E. granulosus ss nationally was 0.002% in sheep, mainly focused in the Alpine area, and 0.001% in cattle, with the distribution of cases throughout the country. Echinococcus canadensis G6/7 was observed only in Corsica in pigs, with a prevalence of nearly 1% in the island. A national prevalence of 0.0002% was estimated for E. ortleppi in cattle, due to seven cases distributed in two foci. The results of this survey are of particular interest because of the zoonotic risk associated with the presence of these parasite species, for which systematic control at the slaughterhouse should enable their elimination.
Peacebuilding without peace? On how pragmatism complicates the practice of international intervention
Authors: Bargués Pol 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe International Relations (IR) literature has strongly criticised the invasive and top-down nature of liberal peace, facilitating a reinterpretation of the practice of international intervention in conflict-affected societies. Today, sustaining peace policy approaches advance longer-term missions, give a secondary role to external practitioners, and increasingly accept risks and failures. What is striking is that even when these policy discourses hold out the promise of liberating peacebuilding from dominant and top-down models of liberal intervention, the mood in the field is one of despair. By drawing on John Dewey's work on pragmatism and interviewing practitioners in Bosnia and Kosovo, the article reflects on the morass practitioners find themselves, diagnoses the source of the frustrations, and anticipates the direction of sustaining peace. Pragmatism adumbrates the idea of ‘peacebuilding without peace’, encouraging practitioners to experiment, give primacy to their doings and explore this world without hope of success and dreams of otherworldliness.
Evaluation of immunisation strategies for pertussis vaccines in Jinan, China – an interrupted time-series study
Authors: Liu T. C. , Zhang J. , Liu S. Q. , Yin A. T. , Ruan S. M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStudies in countries with high immunisation coverage suggest that the re-emergence of pertussis may be caused by a decreased duration of protection resulting from the replacement of whole-cell pertussis vaccine (WPV) with the acellular pertussis vaccine (APV). In China, WPV was introduced in 1978. The pertussis vaccination schedule advanced from an all-WPV schedule (1978–2007), to a mixed WPV/APV schedule (2008–2009), then to an all-APV schedule (2010–2016). Increases in the incidence of pertussis have been reported in recent years in Jinan and other cities in China. However, there have been few Chinese-population-based studies focused on the impact of schedule changes. We obtained annual pertussis incidences from 1956 to 2016 from the Jinan Notifiable Conditions Database. We used interrupted time series and segmented regression analyses to assess changes in pertussis incidence at the beginning of each year, and average annual changes during the intervention. Pertussis incidence decreased by 1.11 cases per 100 000 population (P= 0.743) immediately following WPV introduction in 1978 and declined significantly by 1.21 cases per 100 000 population per year (P< 0.0001) between 1978 and 2001. Immediately after APV replaced the fourth dose of WPV in 2008, the second and third doses in 2009, then replaced all four doses in 2010, pertussis incidence declined by 1.98, 1.98 and 1.08 cases per 100 000 population, respectively. However, the results were not statistically significant. There were significant increasing trends in pertussis incidence after APV replacements: 1.63, 1.77 and 1.78 cases/year in 2008–2016, 2009–2016 and 2010–2016, respectively. Our study shows that the impact of an all-WPV schedule may be less than the impacts of the sequential WPV/APV schedules. The short-term impact of APV was better than that of WPV; however, the duration of APV-induced protection was not ideal. The impact and duration of protective immunity resulting from APVs produced in China need further evaluation. Further research on the effectiveness of pertussis vaccination programme in Jinan, China is also necessary.
Exploring Ruist Influences of Moral Self-Cultivation on the Mandarin Union Version of the Chinese Bible (CUV)
Authors: HWANG TSUNG-I 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe influences of Chinese traditional culture, especially the traditional Three Teachings and folk religion, on the Mandarin Union Version of the Chinese Bible (first edition, 1919) and the resulting complications are explicit in some contexts but implicit and subtle in other contexts. Some influences are helpful for Chinese people's proper understanding of biblical truth and theology in a Chinese context, but other influences can be misleading. In this paper, I will examine three translated Chinese phrases in the Mandarin Union Version that show evidence of Ruist influences: (1) “xūxīn de rén” “虛心的人”, in Matthew 5:3, (2) “tiānguó shì nǔlì jìnrù de﹐nǔlì de rén jiù dézháole” “天國是努力進入的﹐努力的人就得著了”, Matthew 11:12, and (3) “lǎoliàn” “老練”in Romans 5:4. Ruist influences is explicit in the first two cases but implicit in the third case, I will first analyze the verses and argue that they reflect the dominant Ruist ideology of moral self-cultivation instead of the biblical vision of transformation by “gracious moral cultivation”. Then I will demonstrate how Chinese readers might respond based on the context of each verse: Some Chinese readers might detect the inconsistenices between the Ruist emphasis on moral self-cultivation and a more general biblical theology, especially in an intertextual context of other Bible passages that explicitly teach the total depravity of human beings (e.g. Romans), as well as reconciliation and redemption by the free gift of Christ's grace for salvation and sanctification (e.g. Ephesians). Other Chinese readers might be misled by Ruist suggestions that they pursue sanctification and transformation only by means of moral self-cultivation that relies solely on their willpower. I will conclude by arguing how mistranslating and misinterpreting these verses can cause possible complications, especially negatively masking behaviour, in the personal and interpersonal spiritual transformation and ecclesiological development among Chinese Christians.
Radiobiological assessment of nasopharyngeal cancer IMRT using various collimator angles and non-coplanar fields
Authors: Sharbo G. , Hashemi B. , Bakhshandeh M. , Rakhsha A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAim:The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical efficacy and radiobiological outcome of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) modalities using various collimator angles and non-coplanar fields for nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC).Materials and methods:A 70-Gy planning target volume dose was administered for 30 NPC patients referred for IMRT. Standard IMRT plans were constructed based on the target and organs at risk (OARs) volume; and dose constraints recommended by Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG). Using various collimator angles and non-coplanar fields, 11 different additional IMRT protocols were investigated. Homogeneity indexes (HIs) and conformation numbers (CNs) were calculated. Poisson and relative seriality models were utilised for estimating tumour control probability (TCP) and normal tissue complication probabilities (NTCPs), respectively.Results:Various collimator angles and non-coplanar fields had no significant effect on HI, CN and TCP, while significant effects were noted for some OARs, with a maximum mean dose (Dmax). No significant differences were observed among the calculated NTCPs of all the IMRT protocols. However, the protocol with 10° collimator angle (for five fields out of seven) and 8° couch angle had the lowest NTCP. Furthermore, the standard and some of non-coplanar IMRT protocols led to the reduction in OARs Dmax.Conclusions:Using appropriate standard/non-coplanar IMRT protocols for NPC treatment could potentially reduce the dose to the OARs and the probability of inducing secondary cancer in patients.
Rapid Characterization of the July 2019 Ridgecrest, California, Earthquake Sequence From Raw Seismic Data Using Machine‐Learning Phase Picker
Authors: Liu Min , Zhang Miao , Zhu Weiqiang , Ellsworth William L. , Li Hongyi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe two principle earthquakes of the July 2019 Ridgecrest, California, earthquake sequence, MW 6.4 and 7.1, and their immediate foreshocks and thousands of aftershocks present a challenging environment for rapid analysis and characterization of this sequence as it unfolded. In this study, we analyze the first 6 days of the sequence using continuous data from available seismic networks to detect and locate earthquakes associated with the earthquake sequence. We build a high‐precision earthquake catalog using a deep‐neural‐network‐based picker—PhaseNet and a sequential earthquake association and location workflow. Without prior information, we automatically detect and locate more than twice as many earthquakes as the routine catalog. Our high‐precision earthquake catalog reveals detailed spatiotemporal evolution of the earthquake sequence and clearly defines multiple faults activated during the sequence. Our study demonstrates that it is possible to characterize earthquake sequences from raw seismic data using a well‐trained machine‐learning picker and our workflow.
Sea Level, Tidal, and River Flow Trends in the Lower Columbia River Estuary, 1853–present
Authors: Talke S. A. , Mahedy A. , Jay D. A. , Lau P. , Hilley C. , Hudson A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFew tidal records are available pre‐1900 for the Pacific Ocean. We improve data coverage by recovering historical tabulations and digitizing analog tide rolls from Astoria, Oregon, for 1853–1876. Nearly 13,500 overlapping images of tides from 1855–1870 were digitized at a 6 min resolution using a line‐finding algorithm. Available hourly and high/low tabulations were also digitized, as were nearby hourly records from 1933 to 1943. Uncertainty was assessed by evaluating manual staff measurements, historical documents, and leveling surveys. Results suggest that uncertainty in mean sea level varies from ±0.07 m (early 1850s) to ±0.03 m (1867–1876) and is driven primarily by datum and benchmark uncertainty, rather than measurement precision, data reduction procedures, or hydrodynamic changes. We also corrected an up‐to 0.05 m error in the 1925–1960 tidal datum at Astoria. Harmonic analysis shows that major tidal constituents increased by up to 7% between 1855 and 2018. Mean tidal range increased by 0.1 m (5%), with more change occurring in July (0.17 m larger) than winter (0.07 m larger). By contrast, sea level increased most in winter and least in spring/summer. Tidally based estimates of river discharge suggest that these observations are caused by a ~50% reduction in peak spring discharge and a 30–60% increase in winter discharge. No evidence of altered upwelling is found. Overall, Astoria relative sea level (RSL) increased by 0.06 m ± 0.04 m since the 1858–1876 epoch or, after accounting for vertical land motion, 0.11 ± 0.09 m. Consistent with GNSS measurements, RSL has dropped near the estuary mouth since 1905, indicating a strong tectonic influence.
Responses of Foliar Nutrient Status and Stoichiometry to Nitrogen Addition in Different Ecosystems: A Meta‐analysis
Authors: Mao Jinhua , Mao Qinggong , Zheng Mianhai , Mo Jiangming 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAtmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition alters the cycling of nutrients in terrestrial ecosystems. However, there is limited knowledge regarding how N addition affects foliar nutrients beyond N and phosphorus (P) and their stoichiometry. We conducted a meta‐analysis, including 2,004 observations from 134 fertilization studies, to synthesize the effects of N addition on multiple foliar nutrients and stoichiometry in terrestrial ecosystems and to examine their potential controls. Overall, we found that N addition significantly decreased foliar P, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and calcium:aluminium (Ca:Al) by 3.22%, 7.58%, 9.55%, 5.65%, and 15.17%, respectively, but significantly increased foliar N, Al, N:K, N:Ca, and N:Mg by 19.02%, 6.99%, 21.06%, 27.65%, and 11.33%, respectively. Among the forest ecosystems, foliar N and P exhibited greater changes in temperate or boreal forests, and foliar K, Mg, and Mn showed greater decreases or increases in tropical forests after N addition. Nitrogen addition significantly affected foliar K (−7.55%), Mg (−6.46%), and Al (+6.81%) in forests but not in grasslands. Similarly, foliar K, Mg, and Al showed significant changes in woody plants but not in herbaceous plants. In addition, we found that environmental factors (e.g., ambient N deposition, mean annual precipitation, and soil pH) affected foliar nutrient responses of N, K, and Mg to N addition. In summary, our findings indicate that N addition affects foliar nutrient contents, with the extent of these effects differing among ecosystem type. This is important for understanding and predicting plant growth and nutrient dynamics under N deposition scenarios.
Large‐Scale Assessment of Delayed Groundwater Responses to Drought
Authors: Hellwig J. , de Graaf I. E. M. , Weiler M. , Stahl K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGroundwater is a vital resource for freshwater supply during extended droughts and also a key storage governing drought propagation through the hydrological cycle. Current drought monitoring lacks large‐scale estimates of groundwater droughts, but progress of country‐to‐global‐scale models in the last years suggests that they could now be valuable tools to study and monitor water availability during extended droughts. As a prerequisite the models would need to be able to depict the diverse groundwater response to precipitation well enough to distinguish spatial differences. Here we developed a high‐resolution transient groundwater model for Germany and tested its ability for representing the groundwater system dynamics with a focus on droughts. Validation of model results against streamflow‐separated baseflow and groundwater head observation confirmed the model's ability to generally represent the groundwater head dynamics over 40 years with lower model performance in mountainous regions where model resolution was too low to capture local valley aquifers. The precipitation accumulation time that has the highest correlation with groundwater anomalies increases with hydraulic conductivity and specific yield from few months in the Central German Uplands to several years in the porous aquifers of northern Germany. Corresponding to these differences, distinct meteorological drought types led to different simulated groundwater reactions across Germany. Given the importance of groundwater as a resource, large‐scale groundwater models are important tools for future studies on drought propagation as well as groundwater drought under climate change.
SIRT1 inhibits chemoresistance and cancer stemness of gastric cancer by initiating an AMPK/FOXO3 positive feedback loop
Authors: An Yifei , Wang Bo , Wang Xin , Dong Guoying , Jia Jihui , Yang Qing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChemotherapy is the standard care for patients with gastric cancer (GC); however, resistance to existing drugs has limited its success. The persistence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is considered to be responsible for treatment failure. In this study, we demonstrated that SIRT1 expression was significantly downregulated in GC tissues, and that a low SIRT1 expression level indicated a poor prognosis in GC patients. We observed a suppressive role of SIRT1 in chemoresistance of GC both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we found that SIRT1 eliminated CSC properties of GC cells. Mechanistically, SIRT1 exerted inhibitory activities on chemoresistance and CSC properties through FOXO3 and AMPK. Furthermore, a synergistic effect was revealed between FOXO3 and AMPK. AMPK promoted nuclear translocation of FOXO3 and enhanced its transcriptional activities. In addition, FOXO3 increased the expression level and activation of AMPKα by directly binding to its promoter and activating the transcription of AMPKα. Similar to SIRT1, low expression levels of p-AMPKα and FOXO3a are also related to the poor prognosis of GC patients. Moreover, we revealed a correlation between the expression levels of SIRT1, p-AMPKα, and FOXO3a. These findings indicated the importance of the SIRT1-AMPK/FOXO3 pathway in reversing chemoresistance and CSC properties of GC. Thus, exploring efficient strategies to activate the SIRT1-AMPK/FOXO3 pathway may lead to improving the survival of GC patients.