bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feeding-dependent tentacle development in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis
Authors: Ikmi Aissam , Steenbergen Petrus J. , Anzo Marie , McMullen Mason R. , Stokkermans Anniek , Ellington Lacey R. , Gibson Matthew C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn cnidarians, axial patterning is not restricted to embryogenesis but continues throughout a prolonged life history filled with unpredictable environmental changes. How this developmental capacity copes with fluctuations of food availability and whether it recapitulates embryonic mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we utilize the tentacles of the sea anemoneNematostella vectensisas an experimental paradigm for developmental patterning across distinct life history stages. By analyzing over 1000 growing polyps, we find that tentacle progression is stereotyped and occurs in a feeding-dependent manner. Using a combination of genetic, cellular and molecular approaches, we demonstrate that the crosstalk between Target of Rapamycin (TOR) andFibroblast growth factor receptor b(Fgfrb) signaling in ring muscles defines tentacle primordia in fed polyps. Interestingly,Fgfrb-dependent polarized growth is observed in polyp but not embryonic tentacle primordia. These findings show an unexpected plasticity of tentacle development, and link post-embryonic body patterning with food availability.
Broadly neutralizing plasma antibodies effective against autologous circulating viruses in infants with multivariant HIV-1 infection
Authors: Mishra Nitesh , Sharma Shaifali , Dobhal Ayushman , Kumar Sanjeev , Chawla Himanshi , Singh Ravinder , Makhdoomi Muzamil Ashraf , Das Bimal Kumar , Lodha Rakesh , Kabra Sushil Kumar , Luthra Kalpana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBroadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) develop in a subset of HIV-1 infected individuals over 2–3 years of infection. Infected infants develop plasma bnAbs frequently and as early as 1-year post-infection suggesting factors governing bnAb induction in infants are distinct from adults. Understanding viral characteristics in infected infants with early bnAb responses will provide key information about antigenic triggers driving B cell maturation pathways towards induction of bnAbs. Herein, we evaluate the presence of plasma bnAbs in a cohort of 51 HIV-1 clade-C infected infants and identify viral factors associated with early bnAb responses. Plasma bnAbs targeting V2-apex on the env are predominant in infant elite and broad neutralizers. Circulating viral variants in infant elite neutralizers are susceptible to V2-apex bnAbs. In infant elite neutralizers, multivariant infection is associated with plasma bnAbs targeting diverse autologous viruses. Our data provides information supportive of polyvalent vaccination approaches capable of inducing V2-apex bnAbs against HIV-1.
A programmable epidermal microfluidic valving system for wearable biofluid management and contextual biomarker analysis
Authors: Lin Haisong , Tan Jiawei , Zhu Jialun , Lin Shuyu , Zhao Yichao , Yu Wenzhuo , Hojaiji Hannaneh , Wang Bo , Yang Siyang , Cheng Xuanbing , Wang Zhaoqing , Tang Eric , Yeung Christopher , Emaminejad Sam 
Published: September 2020

AbstractActive biofluid management is central to the realization of wearable bioanalytical platforms that are poised to autonomously provide frequent, real-time, and accurate measures of biomarkers in epidermally-retrievable biofluids (e.g., sweat). Accordingly, here, a programmable epidermal microfluidic valving system is devised, which is capable of biofluid sampling, routing, and compartmentalization for biomarker analysis. At its core, the system is a network of individually-addressable microheater-controlled thermo-responsive hydrogel valves, augmented with a pressure regulation mechanism to accommodate pressure built-up, when interfacing sweat glands. The active biofluid control achieved by this system is harnessed to create unprecedented wearable bioanalytical capabilities at both the sensor level (decoupling the confounding influence of flow rate variability on sensor response) and the system level (facilitating context-based sensor selection/protection). Through integration with a wireless flexible printed circuit board and seamless bilateral communication with consumer electronics (e.g., smartwatch), contextually-relevant (scheduled/on-demand) on-body biomarker data acquisition/display was achieved.
Yield reduction under climate warming varies among wheat cultivars in South Africa
Authors: Shew Aaron M. , Tack Jesse B. , Nalley Lawton L. , Chaminuka Petronella 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUnderstanding extreme weather impacts on staple crops such as wheat is vital for creating adaptation strategies and increasing food security, especially in dryland cropping systems across Southern Africa. This study analyses heat impacts on wheat using daily weather information and a dryland wheat dataset for 71 cultivars across 17 locations in South Africa from 1998 to 2014. We estimate temperature impacts on yields in extensive regression models, finding that extreme heat drives wheat yield losses, with an additional 24 h of exposure to temperatures above 30 °C associated with a 12.5% yield reduction. Results from a uniform warming scenario of +1 °C show an average wheat yield reduction of 8.5%, which increases to 18.4% and 28.5% under +2 and +3 °C scenarios. We also find evidence of differences in heat effects across cultivars, which suggests warming impacts may be reduced through the sharing of gene pools amongst wheat breeding programs.
Modified vaccinia Ankara vaccine expressing Marburg virus-like particles protects guinea pigs from lethal Marburg virus infection
Authors: Malherbe Delphine C. , Domi Arban , Hauser Mary J. , Meyer Michelle , Gunn Bronwyn M. , Alter Galit , Bukreyev Alexander , Guirakhoo Farshad 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe introduce a new vaccine platform against Marburg virus (MARV) combining the advantages of the immunogenicity of a highly attenuated vaccine vector (Modified Vaccinia Ankara, MVA) with the authentic conformation of virus-like particles (VLPs). Our vaccine, MVA–MARV–VLP, expresses the minimal components of MARV VLPs: the envelope glycoprotein GP and the matrix protein VP40. Electron microscopy confirmed self-assembly and budding of VLPs from infected cells. Prime/boost vaccination of guinea pigs with MVA–MARV–VLP-elicited MARV-specific binding and neutralizing antibody responses. Vaccination also induced Fc-mediated innate immune effector functions including activation of NK cells and antibody-dependent phagocytosis by neutrophils and monocytes. Inoculation of vaccinated animals with guinea pig-adapted MARV demonstrated 100% protection against death and disease with no viremia. Therefore, our vaccine platform, expressing two antigens resulting in assembly of VLPs in the native conformation in vaccinated hosts, can be used as a potent vaccine against MARV.
Static moiré patterns in moving grids
Authors: Saveljev Vladimir , Kim Jaisoon , Son Jung-Young , Kim Yongsuk , Heo Gwanghee 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe describe an optical phenomenon of unmovable moiré patterns in sliding (moving) grids and gratings. The phenomenon was observed visually in the planar straight movement of the black-and-white gratings with a period of several mm. This is a velocity-independent effect confirmed analytically and in a computer simulation based on the spatial averaging. We found the static directions of the moiré patterns in the regular grids, but our technique can be also applied to other objects. The orientation and period of the static moiré patterns are not obvious, especially in the presence of the distance effect. The phenomenon can be practically used in security applications.
Snapshots of ADP-ribose bound to Getah virus macro domain reveal an intriguing choreography
Authors: Ferreira-Ramos Ana Sofia , Sulzenbacher Gerlind , Canard Bruno , Coutard Bruno 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlphaviruses are (re-)emerging arboviruses of public health concern. The nsP3 gene product is one of the key players during viral replication. NsP3 comprises three domains: a macro domain, a zinc-binding domain and a hypervariable region. The macro domain is essential at both early and late stages of the replication cycle through ADP-ribose (ADPr) binding and de-ADP-ribosylation of host proteins. However, both its specific role and the precise molecular mechanism of de-ADP-ribosylation across specific viral families remains to be elucidated. Here we investigate by X-ray crystallography the mechanism of ADPr reactivity in the active site of Getah virus macro domain, which displays a peculiar substitution of one of the conserved residues in the catalytic loop. ADPr adopts distinct poses including a covalent bond between the C′′1 of the ADPr and a conserved Togaviridae-specific cysteine. These different poses observed for ADPr may represent snapshots of the de-ADP-ribosylation mechanism, highlighting residues to be further characterised.
Mass flux decay timescales of volcanic particles due to aeolian processes in the Argentinian Patagonia steppe
Authors: Dominguez Lucia , Rossi Eduardo , Mingari Leonardo , Bonadonna Costanza , Forte Pablo , Panebianco Juan Esteban , Bran Donaldo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe investigate the timescales of the horizontal mass flux decay of wind remobilised volcanic particles in Argentina, associated with the tephra-fallout deposit produced by the 2011–2012 Cordón Caulle (Chile) eruption. Particle removal processes are controlled by complex interactions of meteorological conditions, surface properties and particle depletion with time. We find that ash remobilisation follows a two-phase exponential decay with specific timescales for the initial input of fresh ash (1–74 days) and the following soil stabilisation processes (3–52 months). The characteristic timescales as a function of particle size shows two minimum values, identified for sizes around 2 and 19–37 $$\upmu$$
μ
m, suggesting that these size-range particles are remobilised more easily, due to the interaction between saltation and suspension-induced processes. We find that in volcanic regions, characterised by a sudden release and a subsequent depletion of particles, the availability of wind-erodible particles plays a major role due to compaction and removal of fine particles. We propose, therefore, a simple and reproducible empirical model to describe the mass flux decay of remobilised ash in a supply-limited environment. This methodology represents an innovative approach to link field measurements of multi-sized and supply-limited deposits with saltation erosion theory.
Dopamine D1 receptor signalling in dyskinetic Parkinsonian rats revealed by fiber photometry using FRET-based biosensors
Authors: Jones-Tabah Jace , Mohammad Hanan , Hadj-Youssef Shadi , Kim Lucy E. H. , Martin Ryan D. , Benaliouad Faïza , Tanny Jason C. , Clarke Paul B. S. , Hébert Terence E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAs with many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the signalling pathways regulated by the dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) are dynamic, cell type-specific, and can change in the face of disease or drug exposures. In striatal neurons, the D1R activates cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signalling. However, in Parkinson’s disease (PD), alterations in this pathway lead to functional upregulation of extracellular regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), contributing to l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). In order to detect D1R activation in vivo and to study the progressive dysregulation of D1R signalling in PD and LID, we developed ratiometric fiber-photometry with Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensors and optically detected PKA and ERK1/2 signalling in freely moving rats. We show that in Parkinsonian animals, D1R signalling through PKA and ERK1/2 is sensitized, but that following chronic treatment with l-DOPA, these pathways become partially desensitized while concurrently D1R activation leads to greater induction of dyskinesia.
Carbonated rankinite binder: effect of curing parameters on microstructure, strength development and durability performance
Authors: Smigelskyte Agne , Siauciunas Raimundas , Hilbig Harald , Decker Marco , Urbonas Liudvikas , Skripkiunas Gintautas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDue to the high CO2-footprint of ordinary Portland cement (OPC), the search for alternative binders is now in a full swing. Rankinite—which is a hydraulically inactive material and low in calcium, is a real alternative to OPC, as it absorbs the harmful greenhouse gas from the air through carbonation hardening. Nevertheless, the carbonation hardening has not yet been fully clarified and sufficiently investigated. In this study we show that rankinite achieves a final strength exceeding 100 MPa at 45 °C and 24 h, whereby the binder is only ~ 50% carbonated. The reaction is diffusion limited while a dense layer of carbonation products around the rankinite grains hinders a higher degree of carbonation. The carbonation reaction could be fully characterized by spatially resolved microanalysis such as LA-ICP-MS, NMR and XRD. Finally, durability tests show the excellent suitability of the rankinite binder for a wide range of applications, making it an attractive material not only from an environmental point of view.
Development of the ventricular myocardial trabeculae in Scyliorhinus canicula (Chondrichthyes): evolutionary implications
Authors: López-Unzu Miguel A. , Durán Ana Carmen , Rodríguez Cristina , Soto-Navarrete María Teresa , Sans-Coma Valentín , Fernández Borja 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe development of the ventricular myocardial trabeculae occurs in three steps: emergence, trabeculation and remodeling. The whole process has been described in vertebrates with two different myocardial structural types, spongy (zebrafish) and compact (chicken and mouse). In this context, two alternative mechanisms of myocardial trabeculae emergence have been identified: (1) in chicken and mouse, the endocardial cells invade the two-layered myocardium; (2) in zebrafish, cardiomyocytes from the monolayered myocardium invaginate towards the endocardium. Currently, the process has not been studied in detail in vertebrates having a mixed type of ventricular myocardium, with an inner trabecular and an outer compact layer, which is presumptively the most primitive morphology in gnathostomes. We studied the formation of the mixed ventricular myocardium in the lesser spotted dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula,Elasmobranchii), using light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Our results show that early formation of the mixed ventricular myocardium, specifically the emergence and the trabeculation steps, is driven by an endocardial invasion of the myocardium. The mechanism of trabeculation of the mixed ventricular myocardium in chondrichthyans is the one that best reproduces how this developmental process has been established from the beginning of the gnathostome radiation. The process has been apparently preserved throughout the entire group of sarcopterygians, including birds and mammals. In contrast, teleosts, at least those possessing a mostly spongy ventricular myocardium, seem to have introduced notable changes in their myocardial trabeculae development.
Altitude and hillside orientation shapes the population structure of the Leishmania infantum vector Phlebotomus ariasi
Authors: Prudhomme Jorian , De Meeûs Thierry , Toty Céline , Cassan Cécile , Rahola Nil , Vergnes Baptiste , Charrel Remi , Alten Bulent , Sereno Denis , Bañuls Anne-Laure 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDespite their role inLeishmaniatransmission, little is known about the organization of sand fly populations in their environment. Here, we used 11 previously described microsatellite markers to investigate the population genetic structure ofPhlebotomus ariasi, the main vector ofLeishmania infantumin the region of Montpellier (South of France). From May to October 2011, we captured 1,253Ph. ariasispecimens using sticky traps in 17 sites in the North of Montpellier along a 14-km transect, and recorded the relevant environmental data (e.g., altitude and hillside). Among the selected microsatellite markers, we removed five loci because of stutter artifacts, absence of polymorphism, or non-neutral evolution. Multiple regression analyses showed the influence of altitude and hillside (51% and 15%, respectively), and the absence of influence of geographic distance on the genetic data. The observed significant isolation by elevation suggested a population structure ofPh. ariasiorganized in altitudinal ecotypes with substantial rates of migration and positive assortative mating. This organization has implications on sand fly ecology and pathogen transmission. Indeed, this structure might favor the global temporal and spatial stability of sand fly populations and the spread and increase ofL. infantumcases in France. Our results highlight the necessity to consider sand fly populations at small scales to study their ecology and their impact on pathogens they transmit.
Repellent, oviposition-deterrent, and insecticidal activity of the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum fioriniae on Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in highbush blueberries
Authors: Urbaneja-Bernat Pablo , Waller Timothy , Rodriguez-Saona Cesar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSpotted-wing drosophila,Drosophila suzukii, and the anthracnose pathogenColletotrichum fioriniaeare an important insect pest and fungal disease of highbush blueberries, respectively, in the United States. However, whetherC. fioriniaeinfection affectsD. suzukiipreference and performance remains unknown. Here, we conducted choice and no-choice studies to determine the repellent, oviposition-deterrent, and insecticidal effects ofC. fioriniaeonD. suzukii. In choice tests, blueberry fruit treated with anthracnose solutions containing spores from either field-collected infected fruit (‘fruit’) or a laboratoryC. fioriniaeculture (‘colony’) were less attractive to sexually matureD. suzukiifemales, but not males, than untreated fruit. The plant tissue (fruit or leaves) did not influenceC. fioriniaerepellency effects onD. suzukii. In no-choice tests, 55% fewer numbers of eggs were laid on, and 65% fewer adults emerged from, blueberry fruit treated with either the ‘fruit’ or ‘colony’ anthracnose solution than untreated fruit. Egg-to-adultD. suzukiisurvival was also 12% lower onC. fioriniae-infected fruit. No repellency or negative effects on survival were observed whenC. fioriniaespores were filtered out of the solution. These findings will help efforts towards the discovery of microbial-derived repellent/oviposition-deterrent compounds that could be used in behavior-based management strategies forD. suzukii.
Twentieth-century emergence of antimicrobial resistant human- and bovine-associated Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium lineages in New York State
Authors: Carroll Laura M. , Huisman Jana S. , Wiedmann Martin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSalmonella entericaserotype Typhimurium (S.Typhimurium) boasts a broad host range and can be transmitted between livestock and humans. While members of this serotype can acquire resistance to antimicrobials, the temporal dynamics of this acquisition is not well understood. Using New York State (NYS) and its dairy cattle farms as a model system, 87S.Typhimurium strains isolated from 1999 to 2016 from either human clinical or bovine-associated sources in NYS were characterized using whole-genome sequencing. More than 91% of isolates were classified into one of four major lineages, two of which were largely susceptible to antimicrobials but showed sporadic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene acquisition, and two that were largely multidrug-resistant (MDR). All four lineages clustered by presence and absence of elements in the pan-genome. The two MDR lineages, one of which resembledS.Typhimurium DT104, were predicted to have emerged circa 1960 and 1972. The two largely susceptible lineages emerged earlier, but showcased sporadic AMR determinant acquisition largely after 1960, including acquisition of cephalosporin resistance-conferring genes after 1985. These results confine the majority of AMR acquisition events in NYSS.Typhimurium to the twentieth century, largely within the era of antibiotic usage.
Importance of structure-based studies for the design of a novel HIV-1 inhibitor peptide
Authors: Gomara María J. , Perez Yolanda , Gomez-Gutierrez Patricia , Herrera Carolina , Ziprin Paul , Martinez Javier P. , Meyerhans Andreas , Perez Juan J. , Haro Isabel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBased on the structure of an HIV-1 entry inhibitor peptide two stapled- and a retro-enantio peptides have been designed to provide novel prevention interventions against HIV transmission. The three peptides show greater inhibitory potencies in cellular and mucosal tissue pre-clinical models than the parent sequence and the retro-enantio shows a strengthened proteolytic stability. Since HIV-1 fusion inhibitor peptides need to be embedded in the membrane to properly interact with their viral target, the structural features were determined by NMR spectroscopy in micelles and solved by using restrained molecular dynamics calculations. Both parent and retro-enantio peptides demonstrate a topology compatible with a shared helix–turn–helix conformation and assemble similarly in the membrane maintaining the active conformation needed for its interaction with the viral target site. This study represents a straightforward approach to design new targeted peptides as HIV-1 fusion inhibitors and lead us to define a retro-enantio peptide as a good candidate for pre-exposure prophylaxis against HIV-1.
Ectopic expression of GhSAMDC1 improved plant vegetative growth and early flowering through conversion of spermidine to spermine in tobacco
Authors: Zhu Huaguo , Tian Wengang , Zhu Xuefeng , Tang Xinxin , Wu Lan , Hu Xiaoming , Jin Shuangxia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPolyamines play essential roles in plant development and various stress responses. In this study, one of the cotton S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) genes, GhSAMDC1, was constructed in the pGWB17 vector and overexpressed in tobacco. Leaf area and plant height increased 25.9–36.6% and 15.0–27.0%, respectively, compared to the wild type, and flowering time was advanced by 5 days in transgenic tobacco lines. Polyamine and gene expression analyses demonstrated that a decrease in spermidine and an increase in total polyamines and spermine might be regulated by NtSPDS4 and NtSPMS in transgenic plants. Furthermore, exogenous spermidine, spermine and spermidine synthesis inhibitor dicyclohexylamine were used for complementary tests, which resulted in small leaves and dwarf plants, big leaves and early flowering, and big leaves and dwarf plants, respectively. These results indicate that spermidine and spermine are mainly involved in the vegetative growth and early flowering stages, respectively. Expression analysis of flowering-related genes suggested that NtSOC1, NtAP1, NtNFL1 and NtFT4 were upregulated in transgenic plants. In conclusion, ectopic GhSAMDC1 is involved in the conversion of spermidine to spermine, resulting in rapid vegetative growth and early flowering in tobacco, which could be applied to genetically improve plants.