bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Diversity Analysis of Chinese Leishmania Isolates and Development of L. donovani Complex Specific Markers by RAPD
Authors: Yuan Dongmei , Qin Hanxiao , Chen Dali , Chen Jianping 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Leishmaniasis is one of the most neglected tropical diseases in the world and is still endemic in some underdeveloped regions including western of China. The phylogeny and classification of Chinese Leishmania has not yet been clarified, especially within Leishmania (L.) donovani complex, although phylogenetic analyses based on a series of gene markers were carried out. More different analytic method and data still be needed. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technology could identify slight intraspecific differences sensitively, and it always be a powerful tool to seek the species-specific markers. This work aimed to identify Chinese Leishmania isolates from diverse geographic regions at genomic level. Meanwhile, the specific markers of L. donovani complex were also developed by RAPD.Methods: The RAPD was applied on 14 Chinese Leishmania isolates from diverse geographic regions and 3 WHO reference strains. The polymorphic sites of amplification were transformed into data matrix, based on which genetic similarity were calculated and UPGMA dendrogram were constructed to analyze genetic diversity of these Leishmania isolates. Meanwhile, the specific amplification loci of L. donovani complex were TA-cloned, sequenced and converted into sequence characterized amplified regions (SCAR) markers, which were validated preliminarily in available 17 Leishmania strains in this study and analyzed by bioinformatics.Results: The cluster analyses showed that the three Leishmania sp. isolates SC10H2, SD and GL clustered together and apart from others, and the strains of L. donovani complex clearly divided into two clades and the three isolates Cy, WenChuan and 801 formed a subclade. Three specific SCAR markers of L. donovani complex, i.e. 1-AD17, 2-A816 and 3-O13, were successfully obtained and validated on available 17 Leishmania strains in this study. Through bioinformatics analyses, Marker 1-AD17 may have more specificity on PCR detection of VL and Marker 3-O13 has the potential of encoding protein.Conclusions: the RAPD result verified that the undescribed Leishmania species causing visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) in China was a unique clade distinguished from L. donovani, and revealed that there was genetic differentiation among Chinese L. donovani. The development of L. donovani specific markers may provide the foundation for developing new specific diagnostic markers of VL and the research of specific gene function.
Leptin down-regulates KCC2 activity and controls chloride homeostasis in the neonatal rat hippocampus.
Authors: Dumon Camille , Belaidouni Yasmine , Diabira Diabe , Appleyard Suzanne , Wayman Gary , Gaiarsa Jean-Luc 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The canonical physiological role of leptin is to regulate hunger and satiety acting on specific hypothalamic nuclei. Beyond this key metabolic function; leptin also regulates many aspects of development and functioning of neuronal hippocampal networks throughout life. Here we show that leptin controls the chloride homeostasis in the developing rat hippocampus in vitro . The effect of leptin relies on the donx-regulation of the activity of the potassium/chloride extruder KCC2 and is present during a restricted period of postnatal development. This study confirms and extends the role of leptin in the ontogenesis of functional GABAergic inhibition and helps understanding how abnormal levels of leptin may contribute to neurological disorders.
A single indicator joint in non-systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis whose ultrasound scores are correlated with disease activity
Authors: Huang Yung-Hsien , Hu Ya-Chiao , Liao Chun-Hua , Chiang Bor-Luen , Lu Cheng‐Hsun , Li Ko-Jen , Yang Yao-Hsu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) has been used worldwide in adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but not in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The aim of this study was to investigate the application of MSUS findings of a single indicator joint in JIA to assess the disease activity and classify disease subtype.Methods: Thirty-five non-systemic JIA patients with a total of 62 visits were retrospectively recruited in this study. Among involved joints, the one with highest value of grey scale (GS) plus power Doppler (PD) (=GSPD) was selected as the indicator joint of each visit. The correlations between MSUS parameters of indicator joints and the Physician Global Assessment (PGA) score, The Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire‐disability index (CHAQ-DI), and laboratory data were analyzed. The ultrasound features in different subtypes of JIA were also compared.Results: PD was weakly correlated with the PGA score (rho=0.323, p=0.010), while both GS and GSPD were moderately correlated with the PGA score (rho=0.405, p=0.001; rho=0.434, p=0.000). On the other hand, GS, PD, and GSPD were weakly correlated with CHAQ-DI. Although erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) had a weak correlation with PGA, they were not statistically correlated with GS, PD, or GSPD. The proportions of effusion, synovial hypertrophy, and enthesopathy in 3 different subtypes, showed significant differences (Fisher’s exact test, p=0.037; p=0.004; p=0.019). Enthesopathy was only seen in joints of enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) but not in joints of polyarthritis and oligoarthritis.Conclusions: MSUS seems to be an acceptable non-invasive tool for JIA, particularly for non-systemic JIA patients, that could assist disease classification, and whose parameters of the indicator joints may potentially contribute to the disease activity evaluation.
Genomic Imbalances in the Placenta Contribute to Poor Fetal Growth
Authors: Gobbo Giulia F. Del , Yin Yue , Choufani Sanaa , Butcher Emma A. , Wei John , Rajcan-Separovic Evica , Bos Hayley , von Dadelszen Peter , Weksberg Rosanna , Robinson Wendy P , Yuen Ryan K.C. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with increased risks for complications before, during, and after birth, in addition to risk of disease through to adulthood. Although placental insufficiency, failure to supply the fetus with adequate nutrients, underlies most cases of FGR, its causes are diverse and not fully understood. One of the few diagnosable causes of placental insufficiency in ongoing pregnancies is the presence of large chromosomal imbalances such as trisomy confined to the placenta; however, the impact of smaller copy number variants (CNVs) has not yet been adequately addressed. In this study, we comprehensively evaluate the contribution of both placental aneuploidy and CNVs to fetal growth. Methods: We used molecular-cytogenetic approaches to identify aneuploidy in placentas from N=101 infants born small-for-gestational age (SGA), typically used as a surrogate for FGR, and from N=173 non-SGA controls from uncomplicated pregnancies. We confirmed aneuploidies and assessed mosaicism by microsatellite genotyping. We then profiled CNVs using high-resolution microarrays in a subset of N=53 SGA and N=61 control euploid placentas, and compared the load, impact, gene enrichment and clinical relevance of CNVs between groups. Candidate CNVs were confirmed using quantitative PCR.Results: Aneuploidy was over 10-fold more frequent in SGA-associated placentas compared to controls (11.9% vs. 1.1%; p=0.0002, OR=11.4), was confined to the placenta, and typically involved autosomes, whereas only sex chromosome abnormalities were observed in controls. We found no significant difference in CNV load or number of placental-expressed or imprinted genes in CNVs between SGA and controls, however, a rare and likely clinically-relevant germline CNV was identified in 5.7% of SGA cases. These CNVs involved candidate genes INHBB, HSD11B2, CTCF, and CSMD3. Conclusions: We conclude that placental genomic imbalances at the cytogenetic and submicroscopic level may underlie up to ~18% of SGA cases in our population. This work contributes to the understanding of the underlying causes of placental insufficiency and FGR, which is important for counselling and prediction of long term outcomes for affected cases.
Perception and Management of COVID-19 Among Allergic Children: An Italian Survey.
Authors: Diaferio Lucia , Parisi Giuseppe Fabio , Brindisi Giulia , Indolfi Cristiana , Marchese Giuseppe , Ghiglioni Daniele Giovanni , Zicari Anna Maria , Marseglia Gian Luigi , Giudice Michele Miraglia del 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background There is ample evidence that COVID-19 is significantly less severe in children than in adults and it has been reported that asthma and allergy, the most prevalent chronic disorders in children, are not included in the top 10 comorbidities associated with COVID-19 fatalities. Nevertheless, there would seem that the concerns about asthma and the risk of disease and related outcomes are still high. In order to assess these features, we conducted a 20-question anonymous internet-based survey among Italian paediatricians. Methods The questionnaire was conceived and pretested in April 2020, by a working group of experts of the Italian Paediatric Society for Allergy and Immunology (SIAIP). The survey was emailed once between April and mid-May 2020. Participants were allowed to complete only a single survey.Results A total 99 participants had taken part in our survey and provided responses to our electronic questionnaire. The distribution of patients reported per month varies significantly according to the geographical area (P=0.02). Data confirmed that in the North part of Italy the rate of patients referred is higher than in the rest of Italy. Almost all respondents (98%) reported caring for up to a maximum of 10 infecting children and the last 2% more than twenty. Among these patients, according to the 75% of responders, a maximum rate of 20% were affected by allergic rhino-conjunctivitis and in particular in the North of Italy while in the Centre and in the South there was a higher incidence (P=0.09). Almost the same applies for asthma, 83% of responders declared that up to a maximum of 20% of affected children were asthmatic, from 20% to 40% for the 13,5% of responders and from 40% to 60% for the last 3,5%. As for the allergic conjunctivitis also for asthma, we found a higher incidence in the Centre and in South than in the North (P=0.03).Conclusions This study is the first to provide a comprehensive review of COVID-19 knowledge and perceptions among paediatricians in Italy. From our point of view, it provides important information clearly useful for improving a good practice.
Quantitative proteomic analysis and identification of differentially expressed proteins involved in blast exposure-induced inflammatory response
Authors: Liu Yunen , Tong Changci , Cong Peifang , Liu Ying , Shi Xiuyun , Shi Lin , Mao Shun , Zhao Yan , Hou Mingxiao , Jin Hongxu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Previous studies found that blast injury caused a significant increased expression of interleukin-1, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor, a significant decrease in the expression of IL-10, an increase in Evans blue leakage, and a significant increase in inflammatory cell infiltration in the lungs. However, the molecular characteristics of lung injury at different time points after blast exposure have not yet been reported. Therefore, in this study, tandem mass spectrometry (TMT) quantitative proteomics and bioinformatics analysis were used for the first time to gain a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanism of lung blast injury at different time points.
Methods

Fourty-eight male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into six groups: control, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 1 w after low-intensity blast exposure. TMT quantitative proteomics and bioinformatics analysis were performed to analyze protein expression profiling in the lungs from control and blast-exposed mice, and differential protein expression was verified by Western blotting.
Results

The results demonstrated that blast exposure induced severe lung injury, leukocyte infiltration, and the production of inflammatory factors in mice. After analyzing the expression changes in global proteins and inflammation-related proteomes after blast exposure, the results showed that a total of 6,861 global proteins and 608 differentially expressed proteins were identified, of which 215, 128, 187, 232, and 65 proteins were identified at 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 1 week after blast exposure, respectively. Moreover, blast exposure-induced 177 differentially expressed proteins were associated with inflammatory responses, which were enriched in the inflammatory response regulation, leukocyte transendothelial migration, phagocytosis, and immune response.
Conclusions

Therefore, blast exposure may induce early inflammatory response of lung tissue by regulating the expression of key proteins in the inflammatory process, suggesting that early inflammatory response may be the initiating factor of lung blast injury. These data can provide potential therapeutic candidates or approaches for the development of future treatment of lung blast injury.
New pressure-induced phase transition to Co2Si-type Fe2P
Authors: Nakajima Yoichi , Araki Shunya , Kinoshita Daisuke , Hirose Kei , Tateno Shigehiko , Kawaguchi Saori I. , Hirao Naohisa 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We found a new phase transition in Fe2P from Co2P-type (C23) to Co2Si-type (C37) structure above 42 ± 2 GPa based on in situ X-ray diffraction experiments. While these two structures have identical crystallographic symmetry, the orthorhombic unit cell is shortened in a-axis but elongated in c-axis, the coordination number of phosphorous increases from nine to 10, and the volume reduces by 2% across the phase transition. The new C37-type Fe2P phase has been found to be stable, at least to 83 GPa at high temperature. The Birch-Murnaghan equation of state for C37 Fe2P was also obtained from pressure-volume data, suggesting that phosphorous contributes to 17% of the observed density deficit of the Earth's outer core when it includes the maximum 1.8 wt% P as observed in iron meteorites. In addition, since both Fe2S and Ni2Si are also known to have the C37 structure under high pressure, (Fe,Ni)2(S,Si,P) could have wide solid solution and constitute planetary iron cores, although it is not dense enough to be a main constituent of the Earth's inner core.
Analysis of the performance of different culvert boundary conditions in 2D shallow flow models
Authors: Fernández-Pato J. , Martínez-Aranda S. , Morales-Hernández M. , García-Navarro P. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Culverts allow roads to safely traverse small streams or drainage ditches, and their proper design is critical to ensure a safe and reliable transportation network. A correct modelization of these hydraulic structures becomes crucial in the assessment of flood footprints or discharge peak estimation in a risk evaluation plan. The question of how to include culverts comes up frequently when assembling a hydraulic model that requires the presence of as many singular elements as possible. In this work, three different culvert integrations with the surface domain are studied and compared in the context of a 2D shallow water (SW) model. All of them are based on the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) formulation for the culvert discharge estimation but differ in complexity and in the interaction with the numerical model for surface flow, some of them as internal boundary conditions. Several steady and unsteady validation test cases are presented and the numerical results are compared with the predictions from HEC-RAS 1D and HY-8 software. The culvert area, shape and their sensitivity to the 2D computational mesh is also analyzed.
Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Total Fenolik Minuman Fungsional Nanoenkapsulasi Berbasis Ekstrak Sirih Merah
Authors: Safithri Mega , Indariani Susi , Septiyani Dinie 
Published: July 2020

Abstrak Pengembangan minuman fungsional dari ekstrak sirih merah yang ditambahkan dengan beberapa ekstrak rempah telah dilakukan sebelumnya. Akan tetapi, hasil uji sensori masih tergolong rendah karena masih terdapat rasa pahit pada minuman fungsional tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan minuman fungsional berbasis ekstrak daun sirih merah dengan teknologi nanoenkapsulasi dan mengevaluasi total fenolik, aktivitas antioksidan in vitro serta mutu sensori. Pembuatan minuman fungsional nanoenkapsulasi menggunakan carrier agent berupa gum arab dan maltodekstrin (1:3; 1:1; 3:1), sedangkan active agent berupa campuran ekstrak daun sirih merah dan rempah-rempah (kayu manis, jahe merah, jeruk nipis). Aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode CUPRAC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa minuman ready to drink memiliki nilai total fenol (786,23Â±1,52 mg GAE/g) dan aktivitas antioksidan (1583,97Â±85,52 ÂµM troloks/g ekstrak) lebih baik dibandingkan dengan minuman fungsional nanoenkapsulasi. Akan tetapi, minuman fungsional nanoenkapsulasi memberikan mutu sensori yang lebih disukai dibandingkan dengan minuman ready to drink. Nanoenkapsulasi dapat memperbaiki mutu sensori minuman fungsional sirih merah, tetapi menurunkan nilai total fenol dan aktivitas antioksidan in vitro.Â Kata kunci: gum arab, maltodekstrin, minuman fungsionalÂ AbstractThe development of functional drink from red betel extract which is added with several spice extracts has been previously conducted. However, the result of the sensory test was still not good because there was still a bitter taste in the functional drink. This study aimed to develop functional drink based on red betel extract with nanoencapsulation technology and evaluate total phenolic, in vitro antioxidant activity, as well as sensory value. The nanoencapsulated functional drink was made from carrier agent, which were arabic gum and maltodextrin (1:1; 1:3; 3:1), while the active agent were a mixture of red betel extract and spices (cinnamon, red ginger, lime juice). Antioxidant activity used the CUPRAC method. The result showed that ready to drink (RTD) drink which had a total phenolic value (786.23Â±1.52 mg GAE/g) and antioxidantÂ activity (1583.97Â±85.52 ÂµM trolox/g extract), was better than the nanoencapsulated functional drink. However, nanoencapsulated functional drink provide sensory quality which is more preferable than the RTD drink. The nanoencapsulated technology could improved sensory value of red betel functional drink, but it decreased total phenolic value and antioxidant activity in vitro. Keywords: arabic gum, functional drink, maltodextrin
THE THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN WHO CLINICAL STAGE AND OTHER RISK FACTORS WITH PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS AMONG PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: SURYANA KETUT , SUHARSONO HAMONG , JOENPUTRI NOVIANA 
Published: July 2020

Objective: To estimate the Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) prevalence among the participants/People Living With HIV/AIDS (PLWHAs) and to verify the association between WHO clinical staging and other risk factors with PTB.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the PTB prevalence. Probable associated risk factors in PLWHAs with and without PTB were compared. The association between WHO clinical staging and other risk factors with PTB was investigated using bivariate analysis. A p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: This study was conducted from January 2018 to December 2019, recruited about 584 participants with presumptive PTB and 20.72% (121) confirmed with PTB. In the bivariate analysis; participants who are on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Stage 4 (WHO clinical staging) were significantly more likely to develop PTB (p=0.000). PTB was significantly higher among male than female (p=0.000), higher among the older (p=0.030). PTB was significantly more frequent among participants with lower cluster differentiation 4 (CD4) cell counts (p=0.042). A contact history with a Tuberculosis (TB) patient was an important risk factor (p=0.000). PTB was significantly associated with smoking history (p=0.000).
Conclusion: A high PTB prevalence was observed. There was a significantly association between the severity of WHO clinical staging, sex, age, lower CD4 cell count, a contact history with a tuberculosis (TB) patient and smoking history with PTB among PLWHAs.
The DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF CARVEDILOL GASTRORETENTIVE FLOATING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS USING HYDROPHILIC POLYMERS AND IN VITRO CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: MOHAPATRA PRASANTA KUMAR , SATYAVANI C. H. , SAHOO SATYAJIT 
Published: July 2020

Objective: The primary aim of the present examination was to create carvedilol phosphate floating tablets using factorial designs and for retention in the upper portion of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to sustain the dissolution where the solubility of carvedilol phosphate is more in an acidic medium.
Methods: The floating tablets of carvedilol phosphate were ready to employ different concentrations and a combination of these polymers of Na-alginate, Carbopol 934P, and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) with lubricants magnesium stearate by direct compression technique. In the present experiment, involved sodium bicarbonate and citric acid as a gas-producing agent. Fifteen formulations structured and judged for pre-compression components like the angle of repose, bulk and tapped density, Hausner’s ratio, compressibility index, and post-compression factors are weight uniformity, hardness, drug content, friability, in vitro buoyancy, dissolution studies, and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
Results: The drug released 90.02% in 12 h by combining NaCMC (7.5 mg) and Na-alginate (7.5 mg) in the formulation F14 towards the achievement of sustained release. Batch F14 selected as optimized, as provided desired zero-order release profile as well as floating lag time 20 s and total floating time>12 h, and the mechanism of drug release observed (n = 1.098, super case-II transport).
Conclusion: From the results fulfilled that all the preparation found to be within the pharmacopeia limits and was the best dosage form to treat moderate heart failure and hypertension. The in vitro dissolution profiles of all formulations placed into various kinetic models, the statistical parameters like slope, regression coefficient and intercept determined. The gastro-retentive dosage form to maintain the sustain drug delivery, which would improve the maximum therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance.