bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonrandom species loss in phytoplankton communities and its effect on ecosystem functioning
Authors: Gerhard Miriam , Mori Corinna , Striebel Maren 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe effects of species diversity on ecosystem functioning have been broadly studied, mostly considering random artificial assemblages. However, natural communities are shaped by ecological interactions and environmental conditions often leading to nonrandom species extinctions. Here, we manipulated a natural phytoplankton community by generating a taxonomic diversity gradient based on rare species exclusions and conducted a mesocosm experiment to investigate the diversity effects on ecosystem functioning (resource use efficiency and biomass) under two nutrient levels. We quantified two functional traits (size and photosynthetic pigments) to evaluate the relation of functional diversity and ecosystem functioning. In a second experimental phase we simulated temperature fluctuations to assess the role of diversity on temporal stability of ecosystem functioning. We did not find a significant effect of diversity on ecosystem functioning and the temporal stability of ecosystem functioning, regardless of nutrient level. These results indicated that loss of biomass caused by rare species extinctions was compensated by the species retained in the diversity gradient. Phytoplankton size diversity was positively related to diversity, but this was not transferred into a positive diversity effect on ecosystem functioning. Additionally, the loss of species did not result in a loss of pigment diversity. The lack of a biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationship in our study may be due to the weak coupling of functional and species diversity and a low manifestation of functional diversity under the evaluated conditions. We emphasize that more realistic biodiversity loss scenarios in experiments can yield different results from those in classical BEF research paradigms.
Further studies on the anaerobic corrosion of carbon steel in alkaline media in support of the Belgian supercontainer concept
Authors: Smart Nicholas R. , Rance Andrew P. , Fennell Paul A. H. , Gaggiano Roberto , Padovani Cristiano 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the Belgian supercontainer concept, a carbon steel overpack surrounds high‐level radioactive waste and spent fuel containers and is encased in a cementitious buffer material. Research has been carried out to characterise the anaerobic corrosion of carbon steel in an anoxic artificial alkaline porewater that simulates the cementitious buffer material and also in solid cement matrices, in the presence of chloride and the sulphur species expected in the groundwater. The current study focuses on recent results. Specifically, it provides an update on the long‐term corrosion rates obtained from gas generation measurements (including new data from higher‐sensitivity autoclaves) and weight loss measurements and provides results of postmortem analysis of dismantled cells. The behaviour of the system is discussed, focusing on the effects of the solution chemistry, precorrosion treatments and γ radiation on corrosion rates, the electrochemical response of the steel when irradiated, and the morphology of the corrosion product. The corrosion rate was lower in cement than in an aqueous system. Radiation affected the corrosion potential and the morphology of the corrosion product.
Automated Categorization of Parkinsonian Syndromes Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Clinical Setting
Authors: Chougar Lydia , Faouzi Johann , Pyatigorskaya Nadya , Yahia‐Cherif Lydia , Gaurav Rahul , Biondetti Emma , Villotte Marie , Valabrègue Romain , Corvol Jean‐Christophe , Brice Alexis , Mariani Louise‐Laure , Cormier Florence , Vidailhet Marie , Dupont Gwendoline , Piot Ines , Grabli David , Payan Christine , Colliot Olivier , Degos Bertrand , Lehéricy Stéphane 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundMachine learning algorithms using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data can accurately discriminate parkinsonian syndromes. Validation in patients recruited in routine clinical practice is missing.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of a machine learning algorithm trained on a research cohort and tested on an independent clinical replication cohort for the categorization of parkinsonian syndromes.MethodsThree hundred twenty‐two subjects, including 94 healthy control subjects, 119 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), 51 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) with Richardson's syndrome, 35 with multiple system atrophy (MSA) of the parkinsonian variant (MSA‐P), and 23 with MSA of the cerebellar variant (MSA‐C), were recruited. They were divided into a training cohort (n = 179) scanned in a research environment and a replication cohort (n = 143) examined in clinical practice on different MRI systems. Volumes and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics in 13 brain regions were used as input for a supervised machine learning algorithm. To harmonize data across scanners and reduce scanner‐dependent effects, we tested two types of normalizations using patient data or healthy control data.ResultsIn the replication cohort, high accuracies were achieved using volumetry in the classification of PD–PSP, PD–MSA‐C, PSP–MSA‐C, and PD‐atypical parkinsonism (balanced accuracies: 0.840–0.983, area under the receiver operating characteristic curves: 0.907–0.995). Performances were lower for the classification of PD–MSA‐P, MSA‐C–MSA‐P (balanced accuracies: 0.765–0.784, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.839–0.871) and PD–PSP–MSA (balanced accuracies: 0.773). Performance using DTI was improved when normalizing by controls, but remained lower than that using volumetry alone or combined with DTI.ConclusionsA machine learning approach based on volumetry enabled accurate classification of subjects with early‐stage parkinsonism, examined on different MRI systems, as part of their clinical assessment. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Association of long noncoding RNA MALAT1 polymorphisms with gastric cancer risk in Korean individuals
Authors: Hong Jang Hee , Jin Eun‐Heui , Chang In Ae , Kang Hyojin , Lee Sang‐Il , Sung Jae Kyu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundMetastasis‐associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) drives tumorigenesis of various human cancers. However, the association between MALAT1 variants and gastric cancer (GC) risk is unknown. We performed a case‐control study to evaluate the possible association between rs619586 and rs3200401 SNPs in MALAT and GC risk.MethodsSamples from 458 patients with GC and 381 controls were genotyped using the TaqMan genotyping assay.ResultsIn stratified analyses, we observed that rs3200401 CT in the codominant model and CT+TT in the dominant model were associated with increased GC risk in male patients (CT: odds ratio [OR] = 1.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09–3.01, p = 0.022; CT+TT: OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.07–2.83, p = 0.026), and the differentiated (CT: OR =1.79, 95% CI = 1.18–2.73, p = 0.007; CT+TT: OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.17–2.64, p = 0.007), and intestinal (CT: OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.11–2.49, p = 0.013; CT+TT: OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.14–2.47, p = 0.009) GC subgroups.ConclusionMALAT1 rs3200401 increases GC susceptibility and might affect GC development. Further studies are needed to validate our results in large populations and different ethnic groups.
SQSTM1 mutation: Description of the first Tunisian case and literature review
Authors: Akkari M. , Kraoua I. , Klaa H. , Benrhouma H. , Ben Younes T. , Rouissi A. , Chaabouni M. , Ben Youssef‐Turki I. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundMutations in SQSTM1 gene have been recently identified as a rare cause of progressive childhood neurodegenerative disorder. So far, only 25 patients from 10 unrelated families were reported.Methods and resultsWe report on the first Tunisian case of an 11‐year‐old girl with cerebellar ataxia, chorea and ophthalmoparesis. Brain MRI was normal. Whole‐exome sequencing revealed a homozygous mutation c.823_824del(p.Ser275Phefs*17) in SQSTM1 gene (GenBank: NM_003900.4).ConclusionBy pooling our data to the data of literature, we delineated the phenotypic spectrum and stressed on genetic heterogeneity of this rare neurodegenerative disease.
High gain compact ultra‐wideband “antenna‐frequency selective surface” and its performance evaluation in proximity of soil surface
Authors: Kundu Surajit 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHigh gain compact ultra‐wideband (UWB) antenna is essential for various UWB applications including impulse radar. U‐shaped UWB antenna is developed from the usual square shaped patch and cascaded with simply designed aperture like uniplanar frequency selective surface (FSS) that has 4 × 4 array of square slots inside metal patch in its unit cell. Compact unit cell of dimension 11 × 11 mm2 realizes bandwidth from 0.001 to 15.8 GHz. The compact UWB “antenna‐FSS” provides gain augmentation of 2.5 to 5.2 dBi in the 2.94 to 15.26 GHz (135%) band with highest gain augmentation of 5.2 dBi at 8.94 GHz. The “antenna‐FSS” offers stable omnidirectional radiation patterns and measured radiation efficiency variation from 76% to 84% in its bandwidth. Transient and frequency responses of this unique compact high gain UWB “antenna‐FSS” structure is also analyzed in environs of sandy soil. Linear transfer function (S21) and non‐varying group delay responses in the unaffected impedance band of “antenna‐FSS” ensure its non‐dispersive nature while used for ground penetrating radar application.
‘Getting them on board’: Musculoskeletal physiotherapists conceptions of management of persons with low back pain
Authors: Cosgrove Josh , Hebron Clair 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveLow back pain (LBP) is the leading cause of disability worldwide; however, the majority of LBP is non‐specific in nature with no clearly identifiable source of pain. Contemporary understanding of LBP highlights the multidimensional nature of LBP and as a result clinical practice and guidelines have evolved and advocate a multidimensional approach to managing persons with LBP. This change in understanding and practice provides challenges for physiotherapists and persons with LBP, many who have biomedical views. The aim of this study was to explore musculoskeletal physiotherapists conceptions towards the management of LBP.MethodThe research employed a phenomenographic inspired approach which aims to explore variations in conceptions, beliefs and understanding of a phenomenon. Six participants (physiotherapists) were interviewed via semi‐structured interviews to explore their experiences of managing persons with LBP and the data was analysed using a phenomenographic framework.ResultsThree main categories emerged from the participants descriptions: the perceived role of preferences and expectations, therapeutic alliance development and getting the person “on board”.ConclusionParticipants descriptions implied a therapist centred view towards the care they provided for persons with LBP. The perceived role of expectations was a significant aspect within the participants descriptions of the management of LBP. Last, the participants described the perceived development of a therapeutic alliance. These categories suggest how the physiotherapists interviewed in this study conceive the management of LBP, and these findings will provide a greater understanding around the physiotherapy management of LBP.
Evaluating the effective diffusion coefficient of reactant gas in the catalyst layer of PEMFC using the fractal method considering the pore size distribution
Authors: Yin Yan , Wu Shiyu , Qin Yanzhou , Liu Yuwen , Zhang Junfeng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe pore size distribution of the catalyst layer (CL) significantly influences the effective diffusion coefficient (EDC) of the reactant gas due to the Knudsen diffusion effect in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). In this study, a novel fractal method is proposed to evaluate the Knudsen diffusion based on the pore size distribution of the CL, which is then incorporated in the calculation of the EDC of oxygen in the CL. It suggests that the EDC of oxygen obtained from the proposed method considering the pore size distribution is greatly smaller than that obtained from the conventional Bruggeman correlation, hence resulting in much smaller maximum current density of PEMFC.
In the name of the stakeholder: An assessment of representation surpluses and deficits by nonprofit leaders
Authors: Schubert Peter , Willems Jurgen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNonprofit leaders face the challenge of making decisions within a complex environment of heterogeneous and often competing stakeholder claims. In such a setting, leaders not only make judgments about the power of their organization's stakeholders but they also make conscious choices about which stakeholders they personally represent while making organizational decisions. This study uses insights from stakeholder theory and agency theory to investigate (1) how nonprofit leaders' perceptions of stakeholder power and stakeholder representation are interrelated across a wide range of stakeholder groups and organizations, and (2) how perceptions of power and representation differ between board members and executive managers. Drawing on data from 491 nonprofit leaders, we find evidence of stakeholder representation surpluses and deficits for several stakeholders, although perceptions of these deficits and surpluses differ considerably between board members and managers. Our study holds important implications for nonprofit governance, the practice of stakeholder analysis, and the use of stakeholder constructs in future empirical research.
Household Food Insecurity, Diet Quality, and Obesity: An Explanatory Model
Authors: Keenan Gregory S. , Christiansen Paul , Hardman Charlotte A. 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveFood insecurity (a lack of stable access to nutritious food) is reliably associated with poor diet, malnutrition, and obesity; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In this study, the hypothesis that these relations are explained by higher levels of distress, which are due to the experience of food insecurity, and unhealthy coping behaviors (eating high‐calorie foods, drinking alcohol) was tested.MethodsAdults from the United Kingdom (N = 604), who were recruited online and at food banks, completed questionnaire measures of household food insecurity, physical stress, psychological distress, eating to cope, drinking to cope, diet quality, and self‐reported height and weight to calculate BMI.ResultsStructural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesized relationships, including a multilevel structural model controlling for the effect of income. As predicted, food insecurity was indirectly associated with higher BMI via greater distress and eating to cope. Food insecurity was directly associated with poorer diet quality, but this relationship was not explained by distress and eating to copeConclusionsOur data provide novel insight into the psychological experience of being food‐insecure and how maladaptive coping mechanisms might play some role in the association between food insecurity, diet, and obesity.
pHsensitive phosphate crosslinked films of starch‐carboxymethyl cellulose
Authors: Cagnin Caroline , Simões Bruno Matheus , Yamashita Fábio , de Carvalho Gizilene Maria , Grossmann Maria Victória Eiras 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis work aims to develop hydrogel films of starch and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) crosslinked with sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) and to characterize some of their properties. Starch and STMP (S/T), starch and CMC (S/C), and mixed (S/T/C) films were prepared bycasting.The degree of substitution, morphology, swelling degree, FTIR, mechanical properties, and sorption isotherms were studied. Reticulated samples (S/T and S/T/C) showed the same degree of substitution (0.050 ± 0.001). All films presented homogeneous morphology, but the mixed film showed greater roughness. Crosslinking increased the swelling capacity of the mixed hydrogel at pH 7, although it remained decreased concerning the S/T hydrogel. However, this property was sensitive to pH variations. The mixed film (S/T/C) showed greater mechanical resistance. The casting process was efficient to produce hydrogel films of starch/CMC crosslinked with STMP and the general results demonstrated the advantages of the mixed hydrogel.
Elektronische Bauteile aus Einzelmolekülen
Authors: Wulfhekel Wulf , Evers Ferdinand 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungEin Anwendungsziel der molekularen Elektronik ist eine auf Molekülen basierende Informationsverarbeitung. Mittlerweile sind viele hierfür geeignete molekulare Mechanismen identifiziert und experimentell erfolgreich getestet worden. Dabei handelt es sich bislang um molekularelektronische Bauteile, in denen ein Molekül zwischen zwei Kontakten sitzt. Drei Kontakte, wie sie für Transistoren nötig sind, wurden bisher nur selten realisiert. Besonders interessante Perspektiven bietet die molekulare Spintronik, weil sie den Elektronenspin als Informationsträger einsetzt. Der Artikel stellt einen molekularen Magnetfeldsensor und einen molekularen Datenspeicher vor, die beide den Spin nutzen. Der Datenspeicher basiert auf Spin‐Übergangskomplex‐Molekülen, in denen der kollektive Spin die Information trägt. Sie stellen einen programmierbaren Widerstand, einen Memristor, in Molekülgröße dar. Ein Milligramm solcher Moleküle würde im Prinzip eine Speicherkapazität bieten, in der das heutige Internet zehnmal Platz fände. Noch ist das Gebiet reine Grundlagenforschung. Für eine industrielle Produktion muss vor allem die schnelle und zuverlässige Kontaktierung von sehr vielen Molekülen zugleich gelingen.
Miniexplosionen in der Küche
Authors: Schlichting Hans Joachim , Ucke Christian 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungWenn Maiskörner stark erhitzt werden, verdampft ein kleiner Teil des in den Körnern enthaltenen Wassers. Die dadurch bedingte Druckerhöhung bremst zunächst ein weiteres Verdampfen, bis die Körner platzen. Das in den geschmolzenen Stärketeilchen enthaltene Wasser verdampft explosionsartig, was zu einem plötzlichen Aufschäumen der Stärke führt. Weil mit der Expansion des auch an anderen Stellen entstehenden Wasserdampfes eine starke Abkühlung verbunden ist, erstarrt der Stärkeschaum und nimmt die bekannte Konsistenz des gepoppten Popcorns an.
Cover Image, Volume 76, Issue 12
Authors: Yang Mingyu , Wang Zhanchun , Wang Rui , Zhang Xiaoming , Li Mingyue , Xin Junjie , Qin Yushi , Zhang Chuan , Meng Fanli 
Published: November 2020

The cover image is based on the Research Article Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of the mechanisms of overwintering diapause in soybean pod borer (Leguminivora glycinivorella) by Mingyu Yang et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.5989.
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Solvent‐Controlled Topological Evolution from Nanospheres to Superhelices
Authors: Qin Minggao , Li Yongfang , Zhang Yaqian , Xing Chao , Zhao Changli , Dou Xiaoqiu , Zhang Zhijun , Feng Chuanliang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSupramolecular assemblies with diverse morphologies are crucial in determining their biochemical or physical properties. However, the topological evolution and self‐assembly intermediates as well as the mechanism remain elusive. Herein, a dynamic morphological evolution from solid nanospheres to superhelical nanofibers is revealed via self‐assembly of a minimal l‐tryptophan‐based derivative (LPWM) with various mixed solvent combinations, including the formation of solid nanospheres, the fusion of nanospheres into pearling necklace, the disintegration of necklace into short nanofibers, the distortion of nanofibers into nanotwists, and the entanglement of nanotwists into superhelices. It is found that the breakage of intramolecular H‐bonds and reconstruction of intermolecular H‐bonds, as well as the variation of aromatic interactions and hydrophobic effects, are the key driving forces for topological transformation, especially the dimensional evolution. The nanospheres and nanofibers demonstrate discrepant behaviors towards mouse neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation that compared with negligible impact of nanospheres scaffold, the nanofibers scaffold is favorable for NSC differentiation into neurons. The remarkable dynamic regulation of assembly process, together with the NSC differentiation on twisted nanofibers are making this system an ideal model to interpret complex proteins fibrillation processes and investigate the structure–function relationship.
Atomic‐Thin ZnO Sheet for Visible‐Blind Ultraviolet Photodetection
Authors: Yu Huihui , Liao Qingliang , Kang Zhuo , Wang Zhenyu , Liu Baishan , Zhang Xiankun , Du Junli , Ou Yang , Hong Mengyu , Xiao Jiankun , Zhang Zheng , Zhang Yue 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe atomic‐thin 2D semiconductors have emerged as plausible candidates for future optoelectronics with higher performance in terms of the scaling process. However, currently reported 2D photodetectors still have huge shortcomings in ultraviolet and especially visible‐blind wavelengths. Here, a simple and nontoxic surfactant‐assisted synthesis strategy is reported for the controllable growth of atomically thin (1.5 to 4 nm) ZnO nanosheets with size ranging from 3 to 30 µm. Benefit from the short carbon chains and the water‐soluble ability of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), the synthesized ZnO nanosheets possess high crystal quality and clean surface, leading to good compatibility with traditional micromanufacturing technology and high sensitivity to UV light. The photodetectors constructed with ZnO demonstrate the highest responsivity (up to 2.0 × 104 A W−1) and detectivity (D* = 6.83 × 1014 Jones) at a visible‐blind wavelength of 254 nm, and the photoresponse speed is optimized by the 400 °C annealing treatment (τR = 3.97 s, τD = 5.32 s), thus the 2D ZnO can serve as a promising material to fill in the gap for deep‐UV photodetection. The method developed here opens a new avenue to controllably synthesize 2D nonlayered materials and accelerates their applications in high‐performance optoelectronic devices.
Novel approach to improving wastewater treatment and sewage sludge combustion using pulverized coal‐activated sludge
Authors: Li Qian , Sun Xiaojie , Ouche Quanyi , Wang Chunlian , Zhang Hongxia , Guo Jinghan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSewage and sludge are usually treated separately. Considering improving sludge treatment while improving sewage treatment is beneficial to the synergetic effect of sewage treatment and sludge treatment. The efficiency of pulverized coal‐activated sludge (PAS) on contaminant removal, sludge calorific value, and combustion characteristic was investigated in contrast to conventional activated sludge (CAS) using the laboratory‐scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Results indicated that the average chemical oxygen demand, ammonium nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus removal efficiency of PAS were highest under a dosage of 0.4 g/L, which were 98.56%, 94.22%, 68.60%, and 95.96%, respectively. The average effluent concentration satisfied the Level A discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plants (GB18918‐2002). The calorific value and maximum weight loss of PAS gradually increased adjusting the dosage of pulverized coal. At the pulverized coal dosage of 0.2 g/L, the calorific value of PAS with 70% water content is 3,824.07 kJ/kg, which can satisfy the requirement of self‐maintained combustion. Overall, the pulverized coal can simultaneously improve the treatment of wastewater in SBR and promote the sludge combustion by increasing calorific value. Therefore, PAS system is an innovation based on improving the sewage treatment sludge combustion.Practitioner points

An innovative method to simultaneously improving wastewater treatment and sewage sludge combustion using pulverized coal‐activated sludge was developed.

The average COD, , TN, and TP removal efficiency of PAS‐0.4 is best.

The 70% moisture content sludge calorific values of 3,824.07 kJ/kg in PAS‐0.2 can satisfy the requirement of self‐maintained combustion.