bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
57-jährige Patientin mit Blasen und striatiformen Erythemen an den Extremitäten
Authors: Münchhoff-Barker Christina , Tittelbach Jörg , Elsner Peter 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungAnamnese Bei einer 57-jährigen Patientin traten nach wiederholter Gartenarbeit schmerzhafte Hautveränderungen auf. Bei der Vorstellung in der zentralen Notaufnahme zeigten sich Bullae, Striae und Erytheme an den lichtexponierten Arealen.Untersuchungen und Diagnose Laborchemisch zeigten sich leicht erhöhte Entzündungswerte. Die körperliche Untersuchung zeigte keine weiteren Besonderheiten. Es erfolgte die Übernahme durch die Dermatologie des Universitätsklinikums Jena. Aufgrund der Anamnese und des klinischen Befundes wurde die Diagnose Dermatitis bullosa pratensis (Wiesengrasdermatitis) gestellt.Therapie und Verlauf Es erfolgte neben lokaler Therapie mit Glukokortikosteroiden und sterilem Punktieren der Blasen eine intravenöse Therapie mit Prednisolon.Folgerung Dermatitis bullosa pratensis gehört zu den photophytotoxischen Dermatitiden und wird durch die Kombination von Photosensibilisatoren und ultraviolettem Licht ausgelöst. Es ist von Bedeutung, sich bei Kontakt mit Pflanzen, die Photosensibilisatoren enthalten, vor UV-Licht ausreichend zu schützen. Das Krankheitsbild ist leicht zu vermeiden, umso wichtiger ist es, das Risiko zu kennen und die notwendigen Schutzmaßnahmen einzuhalten.
On the relationship between middles and passives
Authors: Ahn Mikyung , Yap Foong Ha 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPrevious studies using diachronic data from theSejongHistorical Corpus have traced the semantic extension of voice marker -ecifrom middle to passive uses (e.g.Ahn & Yap 2017). In this study, based on data from theSejongContemporary Spoken Corpus, we further examine the relationship between middle and passive uses of -eciconstructions, with special attention to the neutralization of adversative readings that give rise to generalized (in addition to adversative) middle and passive -eciconstructions. Our analysis reveals that judgments about adversative readings in Contemporary Korean are not emergent solely from the semantics of the verb or adjective preceding -ecibut additionally are emergent and grounded in the interaction between discourse participants. The distributional characteristics of -ecialso show a strong interaction between voice and tense-aspect-mood (TAM). There is also some interaction effects from register and text type/genre, particularly in the usage frequency distribution of spontaneous and passive -eciconstructions. In addition, contrary to the traditional notion that -eciis essentially a passive marker, in real usage, -eciis still far more frequently used as a middle marker than a passive marker.
Oil and its discontents: the political economy of artisanal refining in Nigeria
Authors: Nwozor Agaptus , Olanrewaju John , Ake Modupe , Okidu Onjefu 
Published: November 2020

SUMMARY
This briefing examines the forces behind and some of the consequences of artisanal oil refining in Nigeria. Critical political economy is used to explore the asymmetrical power relations between the people, government and oil companies, drawing on new material to account for an unexplored dimension of the marginalisation of oil-bearing communities.
Investigation of argumental oscillations of a physical pendulum
Authors: Pedersen Henrik B , Madsen Magnus Linnet , Andersen John E V , Nielsen Torsten G 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We report an experimental investigation as well as an intuitive theoretical description of argumental oscillations of a physical pendulum, i.e. a driven pendulum where the driving torque depends explicitly on the angle (argument) of the pendulum. With an idealized analysis, we derive three conditions for the occurrence of sustained argumental oscillations: the first establishes the phase matching of the driving system and the pendulum, the second defines the balance of energy gain and loss, and the third identifies the nature of stabilization of the oscillations. For the experimental investigation, we use a recently established pendulum setup, with a further developed suspension mechanism that essentially eliminates friction from the pivot. The pendulum is equipped with a permanent magnet oriented along the pendulum body and a current carrying solenoid located vertically below the pendulum to facilitate an angular dependent excitation. Through studies of free oscillations, we identify the passive electromagnetic pendulum–solenoid interaction as central for the resulting dynamics of the driven pendulum, e.g. it provides a major mechanism of energy dissipation and it modifies the actual dependency of the pendulum frequency on the maximum angle. For one realization of argumental oscillations (Doubochinski’s pendulum), we report experimental frequency response curves, i.e. the oscillation amplitude and the phase relative to the external torque as a function of the driving frequency for selected harmonics (n = 5–13) of the pendulum frequency. The results show the characteristic signatures of argumental oscillations derived from the idealized model, but also display clear deviations corresponding to the complex nature of the interaction of the pendulum and the solenoid.
Some insight into Feynman’s approach to electromagnetism
Authors: Mauro Marco Di , De Luca Roberto , Esposito Salvatore , Naddeo Adele 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We retrace an ab initio relativistic derivation of the inhomogeneous Maxwell’s equations that was developed by Feynman in unpublished notes, clarifying the analogies and the differences with analogous treatments present in the literature. Unlike the latter, Feynman’s approach stands out because it considers electromagnetic potentials as primary, reflecting his ideas about the quantum foundations of electromagnetism.
An infinitely differentiable model for deploying parachutes
Authors: Rodrigues H , Soares A L , dos Santos A C , de Pinho M O 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this article, we identify a general structure for the drag force that acts on a model rocket equipped with a parachute. This structure makes use of functions that promote a continuous transition between different magnitudes of the drag force. The kinematics of this system is discussed for some concrete transition functions with the intention to arrive at a continuously differentiable model.
Recovering a quasilinear conductivity from boundary measurements
Authors: Shankar Ravi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We consider the Calderón type inverse problem of recovering an isotropic quasilinear conductivity from the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map when the conductivity depends on the solution and its gradient. We show that the conductivity can be recovered on an open subset of small gradients, hence extending a partial result of Muñoz and Uhlmann to all real analytic conductivities. We also recover non-analytic conductivities with additional growth assumptions along large gradients. Moreover, the results hold for non-homogeneous conductivities if the non-homogeneous part is assumed known.
Hot-wire probe design and calibration for high-speed, high-temperature flows
Authors: Mirhashemi Arman , Szczudlak Joshua D , Morris Scott C 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The use of hot-wire anemometry in high-speed, high-temperature flows with large temperature variations presents additional challenges compared with measurements in an incompressible flow at a nearly constant temperature. This work focuses on the use of hot-wires under conditions with a flow velocity of up to

455

m
s

−
1

, temperatures up to

650

K

, and mean temperature variations of approximately

100

K

. This research was motivated by experiments simulating some of the conditions of the high-pressure turbine inlet region of a gas-turbine engine. Two separate factors in this work facilitated hot-wire measurements under the above conditions. The first was the design of a custom hot-wire probe and sensor attachment procedure. The design used high-temperature materials capable of meeting the structural requirements of high-speed flow. The second objective was the development of a new temperature compensation method to provide low bias errors over a large range of gas temperatures and Mach numbers. The results demonstrate that both probe and sensor were able to operate at high Mach number and high-temperatures for several days without issue. Mean velocity results are compared with pneumatic probe measurements, and are found to be within the expected range of uncertainty.
Anomalous nucleation of crystals within amorphous germanium nanowires during thermal annealing
Authors: Camara O , Mir A H , Greaves G , Donnelly S E , Hinks J A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this work, germanium nanowires rendered fully amorphous via xenon ion irradiation have been annealed within a transmission electron microscope to induce crystallization. During annealing crystallites appeared in some nanowires whilst others remained fully amorphous. Remarkably, even when nucleation occurred, large sections of the nanowires remained amorphous even though the few crystallites embedded in the amorphous phase were formed at a minimum of 200 °C above the temperature for epitaxial growth and 100 °C above the temperature for random nucleation and growth in bulk germanium. Furthermore, the presence of crystallites was observed to depend on the diameter of the nanowire. Indeed, the formation of crystallites occurred at a higher annealing temperature in thin nanowires compared with thicker ones. Additionally, nanowires with a diameter above 55 nm were made entirely crystalline when the annealing was performed at the temperature normally required for crystallization in germanium (i.e. 500 °C). It is proposed that oxygen atoms hinder both the formation and the growth of crystallites. Furthermore, as crystallites must reach a minimum size to survive and grow within the amorphous nanowires, the instability of crystallites may also play a limited role for the thinnest nanowires.
Characterization of ZnO/AlO
x
/benzene thin-film heterostructures grown through atomic layer deposition/molecular layer deposition
Authors: Krahl Fabian , Ge Yanling , Karppinen Maarit 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Multilayer thin-film structures are promising for many future high-tech applications. We investigate the structure of polycrystalline ZnO thin films with sub-nanometer amorphous inorganic (AlO
x
) and organic (benzene) layers grown by atomic/molecular layer deposition. Small quantities of aluminium are typically introduced in ZnO films for doping, while one of the intended functions of the organic layers is to block thermal conductivity. We apply the AlO
x
and benzene layers both simultaneously and separately, and investigate the resultant superlattice films with transmission electron microscopy, x-ray reflectivity and x-ray diffraction measurements. The study reveals that both AlO
x
and benzene form distinct layers in the ZnO matrix even down to one atomic/molecular layer. Furthermore, we demonstrate that despite the clear layering, the ZnO grains can penetrate through thin (below ca. 2 nm) benzene and AlO
x
layers.
Improving transient magnetorheological response of magnetorheological elastomer by incorporating CIP@FeNi particles
Authors: Li Wang , Qi Song , Zhu Mi , Xia Dongbin , Fu Jie , Yu Miao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The transient magnetorheological response of magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) is critical to the control system in its applications. Overlong magnetorheological response time will prolong the control time delay of whole application system, which will lead to the degradation of control accuracy and timeliness, or even bring unwanted results. Therefore, it is particularly important to improve the transient magnetorheological response property of MRE for enhancing control efficiency of system. To this end, this paper synthesized a kind of new magnetic filler particle, carbonyl iron powder (CIP)@FeNi, which possesses Fe–Ni nano-flakes on its surface. Vibrating sample magnetometer test results showed that CIP@FeNi possessed superior magnetization under low magnetic field when compared with CIP. By partially replacement of CIP with CIP@FeNi, new dimorphic MREs were prepared. The inﬂuence of CIP@FeNi content on both of the transient magnetorheological response and magnetorheological mechanical properties of MRE were experimentally studied. Results indicated that CIP@FeNi is efficacious for improving the response velocity of MRE. In the rise edge, characteristic response time shows obvious decrease trend with increasing content of CIP@FeNi. In addition, at CIP@FeNi content of 2 vol% and 4 vol%, the doped CIP@FeNi can also enhance the magnetorheological property of MRE. This study provides a novel and effective way to improve the transient magnetorheological response property of MRE, which is of great significance for improving the control efficiency of MRE devices.
Mechanical and critical current characteristics of high-strength (Bi, Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O

10+δ

tapes under uniaxial tensile strain
Authors: Okada Tatsunori , Sakai Kohei , Awaji Satoshi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We investigated the mechanical properties and superconducting characteristics of high-strength (Bi, Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O

10
+
δ

tapes reinforced by Ni-based alloy lamination over a wide range of temperature (30 K≤T ≤ 300 K), magnetic field (

B
∥
c
≤
6

T

), and uniaxial tensile strain (ε ≤ 0.6%) conditions. We found that the Young’s modulus evaluated from the stress–strain curves increases gradually with decreasing temperature (120 GPa at 300 K and 142 GPa at 40 K), indicating the importance of low-T data for designing high-field magnets. The enhancement of the Young’s modulus of the tape at such low temperatures is probably attributable to the use of a Ni-based alloy for reinforcement and is also reflected in the irreversible stress. The critical current,

I

c

, measured under various (T, B, ε) conditions decreases almost linearly with uniaxial tensile strain in the reversible region. We constructed a phenomenological model of

I

c

(
T
,
B
,
ε
)

that can roughly reproduce the observed

I

c

under all the (T, B, ε) conditions we investigated. We expect that fine adjustment of the model parameters based on more detailed measurements will make it possible to estimate

I

c

(
T
,
B
,
ε
)

under arduous measurement conditions from data obtained under conditions where measurement is relatively easy.
Pressure-induced superconductivity in a shandite compound Pd3Pb2Se2 with the Kagome lattice
Authors: Yu F H , Hua X Y , Chen T , Sun J , Shi M Z , Zhuo W Z , Ma D H , Wang H H , Ying J J , Chen X H 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
High pressure electric transport and synchrotron x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements together with the first-principles calculations are performed on a shandite compound Pd3Pb2Se2 which contains the Kagome lattice of the transition metal Pd. A pressure-induced superconducting transition is observed above 25 GPa, for the first time in the shandite compounds, although the crystal structure of the compound seems to be very robust and persists up to the highest pressure in the XRD study (76.3 GPa). The superconducting transition temperature is about 2.2 K and almost does not change with pressure. The carrier density suddenly increases around 20 GPa possibly due to the emergence of two electron pockets at the Γ point. Our work indicates that the superconductivity in Pd3Pb2Se2 is strongly correlated to its electronic structure.
Analysis of Heat Exchange Performance of Heat Exchange Tubes of Evaporative Heat Exchanger Based on Fluent
Authors: Li Changting , Bai Fan , Gou Fanghuai 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn order to study the influence of the heat exchange tubes length of the evaporative heat exchanger on the heat exchange performance of the organic Rankine cycle technology (ORC) in automobile exhaust heat recovery, four kinds of three-layer tube heat exchange tube models with the length of 500mm, 800mm, 1100mm and 1400mm are designed by DM modeling software, and they are simplified into a quarter calculation domain model. The simulation calculations of the coupling heat exchange of four different lengths of heat exchange tubes are performed by using the Couple algorithm of Fluent fluid simulation software and the κ-ε model. Through the simulation calculation of the heat exchange of the four three-layer heat exchange tubes, it can be seen that the temperature in the three-layer heat exchange tubes changes along the Z axis direction. The heat exchange performance of different lengths of heat exchange tubes can be obtained by analyzing the temperature cloud diagrams of the XY plane at both ends of the heat exchange tubes and the temperature change curve along the Z axis direction. The heat exchange simulation analysis results of the four three-layer heat exchange tubes show that under the set parameter model, only the inlet and outlet boundary temperature is considered, and the three-layer heat exchange tube with a length of 1400mm has better heat exchange performance.
Morphological variability of Oswaldocruzia filiformis (Nematoda: Molineidae) in reptiles inhabiting the protected areas of the Republic of Mordovia (Russia)
Authors: Yu Kirillova N , Kirillov A A 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe morphological variability of the nematodeOswaldocruzia filiformisGoeze, 1782 from five reptile species (Lacerta agilis, Zootoca vivipara, Anguis fragilis, Natrix natrix, Vipera berus) was studied in 2018-2020 in the Smolny National Park and the Mordovia State Nature Reserve. We analyzed the morphological characters traditionally used in the taxonomy ofOswaldocruziaspp. A wide morphological variability of nematodes has been found, both in different host species and within the same host species. Variation of the morphological characters ofO. filiformisfrom different reptile species was due to the host-induced variability. The morphological variability of nematodes from the same host species could be due to the phenotypic plasticity ofO. filiformis.
Photonic and plasmonic transition radiation from graphene
Authors: Chen Jialin , Chen Hongsheng , Lin Xiao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We theoretically study the transition radiation in the framework of full Maxwell equations, when a swift electron crosses a monolayer graphene. Based on the Sommerfeld integration, we demonstrate in the frequency domain the spatial distribution of this free-electron radiation, which clearly shows the broadband excitation of both photons and graphene plasmons. Moreover, the radiation spectra for photons and graphene plasmons are analytically derived. We find that the excitation of photons and graphene plasmons favors different particle velocities. To be specific, a higher particle velocity gives rise to the excitation of photons with better directivity and higher intensity, while a lower particle velocity enables the efficient excitation of graphene plasmons in a broader frequency range. Our work indicates that the interaction between swift charged particles and various 2D materials or van der Waals heterostructures is promising for the design of terahertz on-chip radiation sources.
Anisohydric sugar beet rapidly responds to light to optimize leaf water use efficiency utilizing numerous small stomata
Authors: Barratt Georgina E , Sparkes Debbie L , McAusland Lorna , Murchie Erik H 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUnder conditions of high transpiration and low soil water availability, the demand for water can exceed supply causing a reduction in water potential and a loss of cell turgor (wilting). Regulation of stomatal aperture mediates the loss of water vapour (gs), which in turn is dependent in part on the anatomical characteristics of stomatal density (SD) and stomatal size (SS). Anisohydric sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) is atypical, exhibiting wilting under high soil water availability. Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) belongs to the same family Chenopodiaceae s.s., but demonstrates a more typical wilting response. To investigate the role of stomatal dynamics in such behaviours, sugar beet and spinach leaves were exposed to step-changes in photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) from 250 to 2500 µmol m−2 s−1. Using a four log-logistic function, the maximum rate of stomatal opening was estimated. Concurrent measurements of SD and SS were taken for both species. While sugar beet coupled faster opening with smaller, more numerous stomata, spinach showed the converse. After exposure to drought, maximum gs was reduced in sugar beet but still achieved a similar speed of opening. It is concluded that sugar beet stomata respond rapidly to changes in PPFD with a high rate and magnitude of opening under both non-droughted and droughted conditions. Such a response may contribute to wilting, even under high soil water availability, but enables photosynthesis to be better coupled with increasing PPFD.
CAFE 5 models variation in evolutionary rates among gene families
Authors: Mendes Fábio K , Vanderpool Dan , Fulton Ben , Hahn Matthew W 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Genome sequencing projects have revealed frequent gains and losses of genes between species. Previous versions of our software, Computational Analysis of gene Family Evolution (CAFE), have allowed researchers to estimate parameters of gene gain and loss across a phylogenetic tree. However, the underlying model assumed that all gene families had the same rate of evolution, despite evidence suggesting a large amount of variation in rates among families.

Results
Here, we present CAFE 5, a completely re-written software package with numerous performance and user-interface enhancements over previous versions. These include improved support for multithreading, the explicit modeling of rate variation among families using gamma-distributed rate categories, and command-line arguments that preclude the use of accessory scripts.

Availability and implementation
CAFE 5 source code, documentation, test data and a detailed manual with examples are freely available at https://github.com/hahnlab/CAFE5/releases.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
IsoMaTrix: a framework to visualize the isoclines of matrix games and quantify uncertainty in structured populations
Authors: West Jeffrey , Ma Yongqian , Kaznatcheev Artem , Anderson Alexander R A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Summary
Evolutionary game theory describes frequency-dependent selection for fixed, heritable strategies in a population of competing individuals using a payoff matrix. We present a software package to aid in the construction, analysis and visualization of three-strategy matrix games. The IsoMaTrix package computes the isoclines (lines of zero growth) of matrix games, and facilitates direct comparison of well-mixed dynamics to structured populations on a lattice grid. IsoMaTrix computes fixed points, phase flow, trajectories, (sub)velocities and uncertainty quantification for stochastic effects in spatial matrix games. We describe a result obtained via IsoMaTrix’s spatial games functionality, which shows that the timing of competitive release in a cancer model (under continuous treatment) critically depends on the initial spatial configuration of the tumor.

Availability and implementation
The code is available at: https://github.com/mathonco/isomatrix.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.