bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convergence in non‐associated plasticity and fracture propagation for standard, rate‐dependent, and Cosserat continua
Authors: Hageman Tim , Sabet Sepideh Alizadeh , de Borst René 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe use of pressure‐dependent plasticity models with a non‐associated flow rule causes a loss of the well‐posedness for sufficiently low hardening rates. Apart from a mesh dependence, this can result in poor convergence, or even divergence of the iterative procedure employed to find an equilibrium configuration. This can be aggravated when other nonlinear, dissipative mechanisms are introduced, for instance the propagation of cracks. This is demonstrated rigorously, as well as the regularizing effect of adding viscosity or employing a Cosserat continuum. In both cases the regularization is independent of the value of the internal length scale for a fairly wide range of parameters. The spatial discretization has been done using T‐splines, and the fracture is modeled using interface elements and propagated using mesh line insertions. The time integration has been done by an implicit Newmark scheme. The use of proper regularization techniques makes an implicit scheme feasible, resulting in a reduction in the number of time steps by an order of magnitude.
FDA Approval Summary: Olaparib Monotherapy or in Combination with Bevacizumab for the Maintenance Treatment of Patients with Advanced Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Arora Shaily , Balasubramaniam Sanjeeve , Zhang Hui , Berman Tara , Narayan Preeti , Suzman Daniel , Bloomquist Erik , Tang Shenghui , Gong Yutao , Sridhara Rajeshwari , Turcu Francisca Reyes , Chatterjee Deb , Saritas-Yildirim Banu , Ghosh Soma , Philip Reena , Pathak Anand , Gao Jennifer J. , Amiri-Kordestani Laleh , Pazdur Richard , Beaver Julia A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

On December 19, 2018, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted approval to olaparib monotherapy for first-line maintenance treatment of BRCA-mutated (BRCAm) advanced ovarian cancer and, on May 8, 2020, expanded the indication of olaparib to include its use in combination with bevacizumab for first-line maintenance treatment of homologous recombination deficient (HRD)–positive advanced ovarian cancer. Both these approvals were based on randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Approval for olaparib monotherapy was based on the SOLO-1 trial, comparing the efficacy of olaparib versus placebo in patients with BRCAm advanced ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer after surgical cytoreduction and first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Two companion diagnostic (CDx) tests were approved with this indication: BRACAnalysis CDx, for germline BRCA1/2 alterations, and FoundationOne CDx, for BRCA1/2 alterations in tissue specimens. Approval for olaparib in combination with bevacizumab was based on the results of the PAOLA-1 trial that compared olaparib with bevacizumab versus placebo plus bevacizumab in patients with advanced high-grade epithelial ovarian cancer, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer after first-line platinum-based chemotherapy and bevacizumab. Myriad myChoice CDx was designated as a companion diagnostic device for use of olaparib plus bevacizumab combination for ovarian cancer associated with HRD-positive status. Both trials demonstrated clinically meaningful improvements in progression-free survival and favorable benefit-risk profiles for the indicated populations. This article summarizes the FDA thought process and data supporting the approval of olaparib as monotherapy and in combination with bevacizumab for maintenance therapy in this setting.

Implications for Practice
These approvals represent the first poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor, alone or in combination with bevacizumab, approved in first-line maintenance treatment of women with advanced ovarian cancer after cytoreductive surgery and chemotherapy. In patients with BRCA-mutated tumors, olaparib monotherapy demonstrated a 70% reduction in the risk of disease progression or death compared with placebo, and olaparib in combination with bevacizumab demonstrated a 67% reduction in the risk of disease progression or death compared with bevacizumab alone in homologous recombination deficient–positive tumors. These approvals represent a major advance for the treatment of women with advanced ovarian cancer who are in complete or partial response after their initial platinum-based chemotherapy.
Nivolumab-Induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura in a Patient with Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Lesson on Hematologic Toxicity from Immunotherapy
Authors: Gergi Mansour , Landry Kara K. , Ades Steven , Barry Maura , Zakai Neil A. , Herrera Diego Adrianzen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare but life-threatening microangiopathic hemolytic anemia characterized by thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, and ischemic organ damage. It is mainly caused by an autoreactive antibody directed at ADAMTS13. Immunotherapy is frequently associated with autoimmune complications in patients with cancer, but only three cases of TTP have been reported, none implicating single treatment with the anti–programmed cell death receptor 1 ligand antibody nivolumab. We present the first identified and reported case of nivolumab-associated TTP in a 51-year-old woman with stage IIIc anal carcinoma who achieved complete response following chemoradiation and received adjuvant nivolumab as part of a randomized clinical trial. Twelve weeks into treatment, she presented with dark urine, progressive fatigue, and headache. TTP diagnosis was based on laboratory evidence of hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and ADAMTS13 activity of 9% associated with an inhibitor. She was treated with daily plasma exchange and oral prednisone and responded well to treatment, with platelet counts over 100 K/cmm within 4 days. We reviewed and summarized data from all reported cases of TTP associated with cancer immunotherapy. We provide guidance on identification and management of this devastating hematologic complication, focusing on the importance of early recognition, as most patients achieve complete recovery with appropriate treatment.

Key Points
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) was originally excluded from previous reviews of hematologic immune-related adverse events; however, several cases have been reported in the past 2 years in patients treated with either single agent or combination of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 and the programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1) or the PD-1 ligand inhibitors. Although rare, TTP is a life-threatening condition that could be challenging to diagnose, and early recognition is key as delayed treatment is associated with significant increase in mortality. The pathophysiology of immunotherapy-induced TTP is likely related to autoimmune inhibition of ADAMTS13; the addition of prednisone and rituximab to urgent plasmapheresis appears to be effective and should be part of the up-front management for these patients.
Guidelines for clinical trials using artificial intelligence – SPIRIT‐AI and CONSORT‐AI†
Authors: McGenity Clare , Treanor Darren 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe rapidly growing use of artificial intelligence in pathology presents a challenge in terms of study reporting and methodology. The existing guidelines for the design (SPIRIT) and reporting (CONSORT) of clinical trials have been extended with the aim of ensuring production of the highest quality evidence in this field. We explore these new guidelines and their relevance and application to pathology as a specialty. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Microsecond pulse gas–liquid discharges in atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen: Discharge mode, stability, and plasma characteristics
Authors: Wang Sen , Liu Yawei , Zhou Renwu , Liu Feng , Fang Zhi , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken) , Cullen Patrick J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA plasma's working gas is a significant factor affecting their discharge characteristics and the induced chemistries during plasma–water interactions. However, the effects on the discharge mode and discharge stability have not been fully investigated. This study focuses on the discharge mode transition and stability with nitrogen and oxygen gases. Compared with the oxygen discharge, the nitrogen discharge remained stable over a larger voltage range and long duration time. A diffuse mode discharge had better stability and lower plasma activity for both nitrogen and oxygen gases, whereas a transient spark mode in nitrogen and filament mode in oxygen had lower stability but a higher plasma activity. This study improves the understanding of the physicochemical processes of plasma–water interactions.
Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Triazole Cross‐Linked Glycidyl Azide (GAP) and Azido Polycarbonate Networks
Authors: St‐Charles Jean‐Christophe , Dubois Charles 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTriazole cross‐linked energetic polymer networks obtained from the reaction of dialkyne curing agents with glycidyl azide polymers (GAP) or poly(2,2‐[bisazidomethyl]propane‐1,3‐diyl carbonate) (poly[BAMPC]) were studied, and their thermal and mechanical properties are reported. The dialkynes studied include bis(propargyl)ether (BPE), bis(propargyl)malonate (BPM), and 4,4’‐diacyanohepta‐1,6‐diyne (DCHD), three compounds previously described as curing agents for glycidyl azide pre‐polymers. The cured polymer networks display a wide range of properties dependent on the nature of the azido pre‐polymer, the nature of the dialkyne, the alkyne/azide molar ratio, and the molecular weight of the pre‐polymer used. Results confirm that the three dialkynes are effective curing agents able to form rigid networks out of either pre‐polymer and that the lighter molecular weight BPE and DCHD both improve mechanical properties of cured networks with less dilution of the system's energetic content. Triazole cross‐linked poly(BAMPC) networks were studied for the first time, and promising physical and mechanical properties are reported.
MMM: Integrative ensemble modeling and ensemble analysis
Authors: Jeschke Gunnar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractProteins and their complexes can be heterogeneously disordered. In ensemble modeling of such systems with restraints from several experimental techniques the following problems arise: (a) integration of diverse restraints obtained on different samples under different conditions; (b) estimation of a realistic ensemble width; (c) sufficient sampling of conformational space; (d) representation of the ensemble by an interpretable number of conformers; (e) recognition of weak order with site resolution. Here, I introduce several tools that address these problems, focusing on utilization of distance distribution information for estimating ensemble width. The RigiFlex approach integrates such information with high‐resolution structures of ordered domains and small‐angle scattering data. The EnsembleFit module provides moderately sized ensembles by fitting conformer populations and discarding conformers with low population. EnsembleFit balances the loss in fit quality upon combining restraint subsets from different techniques. Pair correlation analysis for residues and local compaction analysis help in feature detection. The RigiFlex pipeline is tested on data simulated from the structure 70 kDa protein‐RNA complex RsmE/RsmZ. It recovers this structure with ensemble width and difference from ground truth both being on the order of 4.2 Å. EnsembleFit reduces the ensemble of the proliferating‐cell‐nuclear‐antigen‐associated factor p15PAF from 4,939 to 75 conformers while maintaining good fit quality of restraints. Local compaction analysis for the PaaA2 antitoxin from E. coli O157 revealed correlations between compactness and enhanced residual dipolar couplings in the original NMR restraint set.
Risk assessment using bowtie analysis: A case study at gas exploration industry PT XYZ Gresik East Java Indonesia
Authors: Subagyo Estu , Kholil Kholil , Ramli Soehatman 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPT XYZ is one of the oil and gas exploration and production companies operating in Gresik, East Java, transporting three‐phase liquid dry gas from Well Head Platform A (WHPA) to onshore processing facilities (OPF) through 18‐in. subsea pipeline. In addition to the occurrence of the accident, some activities close to and intersect with the pipeline channel PT. XYZ is observed to increase in line with the development of industrial activities and rapid traffic of sea transportation at Madura strait. The purpose of this research is to obtain a description of the risk profile and the risk level of the pipeline in case of oil spill, especially in dense populated areas and Madura strait, using bowtie analysis. The results of study showed that there are several segments of the pipelines that have low relative risk (RR) with the value of 1.2, 2.1, and 2.4, while the average RR value is 2.8, with the probability of survive value ranging from 72.5% to 81.5%. It shows that the risk of accidents and the impact of environmental consequences are greater than those of the other pipeline segment. According to the result of this study, various mitigation and prevention efforts must be performed by PT XYZ to maintain and lower the risk level of gas transmission pipeline to acceptable levels through public education and relocation of buildings.
Cyclone intensification in the Kuroshio region and its relation to the sea surface temperature front and upper‐level forcing
Authors: Tsopouridis Leonidas , Spensberger Clemens , Spengler Thomas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Northwest Pacific features strong sea surface temperature (SST) gradients providing favourable conditions for wintertime cyclone intensification in the midlatitudes. To estimate the relative contribution of the SST front to the evolution of cyclones and identify the mechanisms for cyclone intensification, we track individual cyclones and categorise them depending on their propagation relative to the SST front. We focus on cyclones remaining on either the cold or warm side of the SST front, as well as those crossing the SST front from the warm to the cold side. Cyclones crossing the SST front or remaining on its warm side propagate near the left exit region of the jet and are associated with higher precipitation, consistent with higher moisture availability and cyclone intensity. Comparing the different cyclone categories, there is no direct effect of the SST front on cyclone intensification. However, the SST front contributes to the climatological low‐level baroclinicity, providing a conducive environment for cyclone intensification for the cyclones crossing the SST front. Compared with the Gulf Stream region, the land–sea contrast plays a less prominent role for the low‐level baroclinicity in the Kuroshio region.
Static output feedback secure control for cyber‐physical systems based on multisensor scheme against replay attacks
Authors: Su Lei , Ye Dan , Zhao Xingang 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThis article studies the static output feedback (SOF) secure control issue for cyber‐physical systems against replay attacks. The fundamental purpose focuses on how to stabilize the closed‐loop system regardless of whether the replay attacks occur. First, a detection scheme is presented that can find the behavior of the adversary and recognize which sensor suffers from the attacks. Then, the SOF controller is designed and the adverse influence induced by the replay attacks can be eliminated through the detection information. Thereafter, a sufficient condition has been established which guarantees the closed‐loop system is stable and satisfies a prescribed H∞ performance. Finally, simulation results verify the effectiveness and superiority of the presented design and detection scheme.
Covalent and Ionic: Bonding Characteristics of HZnCH and ZnCH2and Their Interconversions
Authors: Wang Emily Z. , Wang Yi‐Gui , Barnes Ericka C. , Kaya Savaş 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe structures of zinc carbene ZnCH2and zinc carbyne HZnCH, and the conversion transition states between them are optimized at B3LYP/aug‐cc‐pVTZ, MP2/aug‐cc‐pVTZ, and CCSD/aug‐cc‐pVTZ levels of theory. The thermodynamic energies with CCSD(T) method are further extrapolated to basis set limit through a series of basis sets of aug‐cc‐pVXZ (X=D, T, Q, 5). The Zn−C bonding characteristics are interpreted by molecular plots, Laplacian of density plots, the integrated delocalization indices, net atomic charges, and derived atomic hardness. On the one hand, the studies demonstrated the efficiency of DFT method in structure optimizations and the accuracy of CBS method in obtaining thermodynamic energies; On the other hand, the density analysis of CCSD/aug‐cc‐pVDZ density demonstrates that both the sharing interaction and ionic interaction are important in ZnCH2ad HZnCH. The3B1state of ZnCH2is the global minimum and formed in visible light, but its small bond dissociation energy (47.0 kcal/mol) cannot keep the complex intact under UV light (79.4–102.1 kcal/mol). However, the3Σ−state of HZnCH can survive the UV light due to the greater Zn−C dissociation energy (100.7 kcal/mol). The delocalization indices of Zn…C in both3B1of ZnCH2(0.777) and the3Σ−state of HZnCH (0.785) are close to the delocalization index of the single C−C bond of ethane (0.841), i. e. the nomenclature of Zinc carbene and Zinc carbyne is incorrect. The stronger Zn−C bond in the3Σ−state of HZnCH than in the3B1state of ZnCH2can be attributed to the larger charge separation in the former. It was found that the Zn−C bonds in related Zinc organic compounds were also single bonds no matter whether the organic groups are CR, CR2, or CR3. The ionic interactions were discussed in terms of the atomic hardness that were in turn related to ionization energy and electron affinity. The unique combination of covalent and ionic characteristics in the Zn−C bonds of organic Zinc compounds could be the origin of many interesting applications of organic Zinc reagents.
Heterogeneous Interface Induced the Formation of Hierarchically Hollow Carbon Microcubes against Electromagnetic Pollution
Authors: Zhao Honghong , Xu Xianzhu , Wang Yahui , Fan Dingge , Liu Dawei , Lin Kaifeng , Xu Ping , Han Xijiang , Du Yunchen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCarbon materials with multilevel structural features are showing great potentials in electromagnetic (EM) pollution precaution. With ZIF‐67 microcubes as a self‐sacrificing precursor, hierarchical carbon microcubes with micro/mesoporous shells and hollow cavities have been successfully fabricated with the assistance of rigid SiO2 coating layers. It is found that the SiO2 layer can effectively counteract the inward shrinkage of organic frameworks during high‐temperature pyrolysis due to intensive interfacial interaction. The obtained hollow porous carbon microcubes (HPCMCs) exhibit larger Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area and pore volume than porous carbon microcubes (PCMCs) directly derived from ZIF‐67 microcubes. The unique microstructure is confirmed to be favorable for conductive loss and interfacial polarization, thus boosting the overall dielectric loss capability of carbon materials. Besides, hollow cavity will also promote multiple reflection of incident EM waves and intensify the dissipation of EM energy. As expected, HPCMCs harvest better microwave absorption performance, including strong reflection loss intensity and broad response bandwidth, than many traditional microporous/mesoporous carbon materials. This study provides a new strategy for the construction of hierarchical carbon materials and may inspire the design of carbon‐based composites with excellent EM functions.
Ordered Nanofibers Fabricated from Hierarchical Self‐Assembling Processes of Designed α‐Helical Peptides
Authors: Li Jie , Zhao Yurong , Zhou Peng , Hu Xuzhi , Wang Dong , King Stephen M. , Rogers Sarah E. , Wang Jiqian , Lu Jian R. , Xu Hai 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPeptide self‐assembly is fast evolving into a powerful method for the development of bio‐inspired nanomaterials with great potential for many applications, but it remains challenging to control the self‐assembling processes and nanostrucutres because of the intricate interplay of various non‐covalent interactions. A group of 28‐residue α‐helical peptides is designed including NN, NK, and HH that display distinct hierarchical events. The key of the design lies in the incorporation of two asparagine (Asn) or histidine (His) residues at the a positions of the second and fourth heptads, which allow one sequence to pack into homodimers with sticky ends through specific interhelical Asn‐Asn or metal complexation interactions, followed by their longitudinal association into ordered nanofibers. This is in contrast to classical self‐assembling helical peptide systems consisting of two complementary peptides. The collaborative roles played by the four main non‐covalent interactions, including hydrogen‐bonding, hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic interactions, and metal ion coordination, are well demonstrated during the hierarchical self‐assembling processes of these peptides. Different nanostructures, for example, long and short nanofibers, thin and thick fibers, uniform metal ion‐entrapped nanofibers, and polydisperse globular stacks, can be prepared by harnessing these interactions at different levels of hierarchy.
Surfactant‐Mediated Morphological Evolution of MnCo Prussian Blue Structures
Authors: Wang Xian , Dong Anrui , Zhu Ziyi , Chai Lulu , Ding Junyang , Zhong Li , Li Ting‐Ting , Hu Yue , Qian Jinjie , Huang Shaoming 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the preparation of nanomaterials, the kinetics and thermodynamics in the reaction can significantly affect the structures and phases of nanocrystals. Therefore, people are keen to adopt various synthetic strategies to accurately assemble the target nanocrystals, and reveal the underlying mechanism of the formation of specific structures. In this work, the total reaction time is adjusted to let the prepared MnCo Prussian blue analogous (MnCoPBA) crystals show four evolving morphological changes at different stages with the assistance of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Furthermore, it is clearly observed that the epitaxial growth along the (100) plane on the shell of MnCoPBA nanocrystals is favored, and the thermodynamics and kinetics in the morphology change process are analyzed in detail. Through the simple pyrolysis, MnCoPBA crystals can be successfully converted into the corresponding carbon composites, of which Mn2Co2C nanoparticles are evenly distributed in highly graphitized carbon matrix. Among them, PBA‐III‐700 performs good oxygen reduction reaction performance in alkaline solution with the half‐wave potential of 0.801 V and diffusion‐limited current density of 5.36 mA cm−2, and its zinc‐air battery exhibits the peak power density of 103.4 mW cm−2 competitive with commercial Pt/C.