bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Solvent‐Free Chiral Organic π‐Liquids
Authors: Bai Xue , Sun Yimeng , Jiang Yuqian , Zhao Guangjiu , Jiang Jian , Yuan Chenhuan , Liu Minghua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe solvent‐free organic π‐liquids have been attracting increasing attentions owing to the inherent optoelectronic properties accompanied by the advantages of non‐volatility and high processability. Herein, we reported a series of naphthalene derivatives substituted with chiral branched alkyl chains, which are present as liquids (Nap1–3) or solid (Nap4) at room temperature, depending on the substitution positions. Circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) were only observed for enantiomericNap2(2,3‐substituted) liquid. It is suggested that the chiral aggregation in the π‐liquid leads to the CD signal and the chiral excimer resulting in the CPL performance. When achiral anthracene or pyrene was dissolved inNap2, the π‐liquid could serve as chirality and energy transfer media in which both CD and CPL emerged from the achiral anthracene. A CPL dissymmetry factor (|glum|) of anthracene reached to 5.2×10−2when dissolved in chiralNap2liquid, which is nearly two orders of magnitude higher than that of the pureNap2π‐liquid.
Facile Access to an Active γ‐NiOOH Electrocatalyst for Durable Water Oxidation Derived From an Intermetallic Nickel Germanide Precursor
Authors: Menezes Prashanth W. , Yao Shenglai , Beltrán‐Suito Rodrigo , Hausmann J. Niklas , Menezes Pramod V. , Driess Matthias 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIdentifying novel classes of precatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER by water oxidation) with enhanced catalytic activity and stability is a key strategy to enable chemical energy conversion. The vast chemical space of intermetallic phases offers plenty of opportunities to discover OER electrocatalysts with improved performance. Herein we report intermetallic nickel germanide (NiGe) acting as a superior activity and durable Ni‐based electro(pre)catalyst for OER. It is produced from a molecular bis(germylene)‐Ni precursor. The ultra‐small NiGe nanocrystals deposited on both nickel foam and fluorinated tin oxide (FTO) electrodes showed lower overpotentials and a durability of over three weeks (505 h) in comparison to the state‐of‐the‐art Ni‐, Co‐, Fe‐, and benchmark NiFe‐based electrocatalysts under identical alkaline OER conditions. In contrast to other Ni‐based intermetallic precatalysts under alkaline OER conditions, an unexpected electroconversion of NiGe into γ‐NiIIIOOH with intercalated OH−/CO32− transpired that served as a highly active structure as shown by various ex situ methods and quasi in situ Raman spectroscopy.
Fe‐O Clusters Anchored on Nodes of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Direct Methane Oxidation
Authors: Zhao Wenshi , Shi Yanan , Jiang Yuheng , Zhang Xiaofei , Long Chang , An Pengfei , Zhu Yanfei , Shao Shengxian , Yan Zhuang , Li Guodong , Tang Zhiyong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDirect methane oxidation into value‐added organic oxygenates with high productivity under mild condition remains a great challenge. We show Fe‐O clusters on nodes of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with tunable electronic state for direct methane oxidation into C1 organic oxygenates at 50 °C. The Fe‐O clusters are grafted onto inorganic Zr6 nodes of UiO‐66, while the organic terephthalic acid (H2BDC) ligands of UiO‐66 are partially substituted with monocarboxylic modulators of acetic acid (AA) or trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). Experiments and theoretical calculation disclose that the TFA group coordinated with Zr6 node of UiO‐66 enhances the oxidation state of adjacent Fe‐O cluster due to its electron‐withdrawing ability, promotes the activation of C−H bond of methane, and increases its selective conversion, thus leading to the extraordinarily high C1 oxygenate yield of 4799 μmol gcat−1 h−1 with 97.9 % selectivity, circa 8 times higher than those modulated with AA.
Analogous Mixed Matrix Membranes with Self‐Assembled Interface Pathways
Authors: Dou Haozhen , Xu Mi , Wang Baoyu , Zhang Zhen , Luo Dan , Shi Benbing , Wen Guobin , Mousavi Mahboubeh , Yu Aiping , Bai Zhengyu , Jiang Zhongyi , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe implementation of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for sub‐angstrom scale gas separations remains a grand challenge. Herein, a series of analogous mixed matrix membrane (AMMMs) were constructed via molecular‐level hybridization by utilizing a reactive ionic liquid (RIL) as the continuous phase and graphene quantum dots (GQD) as nanofiller for sub‐angstrom scale ethylene/ethane (0.416 nm/0.443 nm) separation. With a small number of GQDs (3.5 wt%) embedded in GQD/RIL AMMMs, ethylene permeability soared by 3.1‐fold, and ethylene/ethane selectivity simultaneously boosted by nearly 60 % and reached up to 99.5, which outperformed most previously reported state‐of‐the‐art membranes. Importantly, the interfacial pathway structure was visualized and their self‐assembly mechanism was revealed, where the non‐covalent interactions between RIL and GQDs induced the local arrangement of IL chains to self‐assemble into plenty of compact and superfast interfacial pathways, contributing to the combination of superhigh permeability and selectivity.
Modified Smith predictor‐based all‐proportional‐derivative control for second‐order delay‐dominated integrating processes
Authors: Karan Somak , Dey Chanchal 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAn all‐proportional‐derivative (PD) control‐based modified Smith predictor design is reported here for second‐order delay‐dominated integrating processes. The proposed control structure is realized with two PD controllers along with a first‐order filter towards achieving the desired closed‐loop response. To eliminate the tuning complexity, reported internal model control (IMC) scheme suggests a single tuning parameter λ (i.e. closed‐loop time constant) to tune both the PD controllers along with the filter present in the modified Smith predictor designing. The forward path PD controller parameters are obtained as per the IMC tuning guideline suggested for servo tracking, whereas the feedback path PD controller is realized based on Routh stability analysis with a goal towards improved regulatory responses. The first‐order filter present in the feedback path helps to ensure robust closed‐loop performance. Considerable performance enhancement is observed during set point tracking by the proposed scheme where no overshoot is observed even with smaller rise time. In addition, smooth and reasonably quick load rejection behaviour is also found during a regulatory response. Superiority of the proposed scheme is also substantiated in comparison with others' reported dead‐time compensating techniques in terms of closed‐loop performance indices as well as stability margins.
Eye Movements and Behavioural Responses to Gaze‐Contingent Expressive Faces in Typically Developing Infants and Infant Siblings
Authors: Keemink Jolie R. , Jenner Lauren , Prunty Jonathan E. , Wood Nicky , Kelly David J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStudies with infant siblings of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder have attempted to identify early markers for the disorder and suggest that autistic symptoms emerge between 12 and 24 months of age. Yet, a reliable first‐year marker remains elusive. We propose that in order to establish first‐year manifestations of this inherently social disorder, we need to develop research methods that are sufficiently socially demanding and realistically interactive. Building on Keemink et al. [2019, Developmental Psychology, 55, 1362–1371], we employed a gaze‐contingent eye‐tracking paradigm in which infants could interact with face stimuli. Infants could elicit emotional expressions (happiness, sadness, surprise, fear, disgust, anger) from on‐screen faces by engaging in eye contact. We collected eye‐tracking data and video‐recorded behavioural response data from 122 (64 male, 58 female) typically developing infants and 31 infant siblings (17 male, 14 female) aged 6‐, 9‐ and 12‐months old. All infants demonstrated a significant Expression by AOI interaction (F(10, 1470) = 10.003, P < 0.001, ŋp2 = 0.064). Infants' eye movements were “expression‐specific” with infants distributing their fixations to AOIs differently per expression. Whereas eye movements provide no evidence of deviancies, behavioural response data show significant aberrancies in reciprocity for infant siblings. Infant siblings show reduced social responsiveness at the group level (F(1, 147) = 4.10, P = 0.042, ŋp2 = 0.028) and individual level (Fischer's Exact, P = 0.032). We conclude that the gaze‐contingency paradigm provides a realistically interactive experience capable of detecting deviancies in social responsiveness early, and we discuss our results in relation to subsequent infant sibling development.Lay SummaryWe investigated how infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder respond to interactive faces presented on a computer screen. Our study demonstrates that infant siblings are less responsive when interacting with faces on a computer screen (e.g., they smile and imitate less) in comparison to infants without an older sibling with autism. Reduced responsiveness within social interaction could potentially have implications for how parents and carers interact with these infants. Autism Res 2021, 14: 973–983. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Using Inclusive Language in the Workplace
Authors: Mulki Sapna , Stone‐Sabali Steven 
Published: November 2020

Key TakeawaysResearch indicates that inclusive teams and gender‐diverse companies are more productive and more likely to outperform their peers.Understanding inclusive language, not only regarding race and gender but also as it applies to people with disabilities, is key to fostering an employee's sense of feeling included or excluded.To promote diverse and inclusive work environments, water professionals must use appropriate and respectful language as a way to check personal biases.
A retrospective analysis of bipolar depression treated with transcranial magnetic stimulation
Authors: Goldwaser Eric L. , Daddario Kathy , Aaronson Scott T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionTreatment options are limited for patients with bipolar depression. Antidepressants added to mood stabilizers even carry risks of precipitating mixed/manic episodes. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) may provide a safe and effective option for these patients.MethodsDatabase analysis of the TMS Service at Sheppard Pratt Health System identified patients with bipolar disorder type I (BD1) or II (BD2) in a pure depressive phase at initiation of TMS. Records were reviewed for response and remission rates based on MADRS scores, time to effect, and adverse events, notably treatment‐emergent affective switching. All had failed at least two prior treatments for depression, were currently on at least one mood stabilizer and off antidepressants. Stimulation parameters targeted left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: 120% motor threshold, 10 pulses per second (pps) × 4s, intertrain interval (ITI) 26s, 75 trains (37.5 min/session) for 3,000 pps total, 5 sessions/week for 30 total treatments, or until remission criteria were met.ResultsA total of 44 patients with BD were identified, representing 15% of the total TMS population. 77% of those who completed a course of TMS met response criteria, and 41% of subjects who completed at least 25 treatments met remission criteria. Subjects with BD1 were more likely to respond, remit, or suffer an adverse event than those with BD2. No patient met clinical criteria for a manic/mixed episode, but four (10%) discontinued due to concerns of activation.ConclusionsTMS is effective in the bipolar depressed population where episode focused intervention can be specifically offered. Risk of psychomotor agitation must be closely monitored.
Consumer personality factors and iPhone consumption in China
Authors: Sun Gong , Li Jie , Cheng Zhiming , D'Alessandro Steven , Johnson Lester 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe iPhone is an iconic brand in China. In this article, we examine the impact of various personality factors, namely attention to social comparison information, need for uniqueness and quality consciousness, on purchase intentions for the iPhone among a sample of iPhone owners as well as non‐iPhone owners. We find that intention to purchase an iPhone in China is driven by personality factors of attention to social comparison, the need for uniqueness along with the decision‐style of quality consciousness. Our model shows intent explains iPhone ownership quite well, especially when income is included in the model.
Characterization of New Wire Gauze‐Structured Packing: Experimental Study
Authors: Manh Tran Dinh , Nam Nguyen Dang , Babazadeh Houman , Moradi Rasoul 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStructured packings are usually employed for increasing the surface contact between vapor and liquid in the absorber and distillation of columns. Experimental investigations are performed to present a high‐capacity new wire gauze‐structured packing, namely, PACK‐1300XY, which is the combination of PACK‐1300X and PACK‐1300Y. The new PACK‐1300XY shows improved efficiency of separation and pressure drop. Comprehensive parametric investigations are carried out to calculate the efficiency of mass transfer and the wet/dry pressure drops under different operating conditions. The new wire gauze‐structured packing reduces wet and dry pressure drops by more than 10 % in comparison to PACK‐1300Y. In addition, PACK‐1300XY decreases the height equivalent to a theoretical plate by more than 5 % compared to PACK‐1300X.
Mechanochemically Triggered Topology Changes in Expanded Porphyrins
Authors: Bettens Tom , Hoffmann Marvin , Alonso Mercedes , Geerlings Paul , Dreuw Andreas , De Proft Frank 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA hitherto unexplored class of molecules for molecular force probe applications are expanded porphyrins. This work proves that mechanical force is an effective stimulus to trigger the interconversion between Hückel and Möbius topologies in [28]hexaphyrin, making these expanded porphyrins suitable to act as conformational mechanophores operating at mild (sub‐1 nN) force conditions. A straightforward approach based on distance matrices is proposed for the selection of pulling scenarios that promote either the planar Hückel topology or the three lowest lying Möbius topologies. This approach is supported by quantum mechanochemical calculations. Force distribution analyses reveal that [28]hexaphyrin selectively allocates the external mechanical energy to molecular regions that trigger Hückel–Möbius interconversions, explaining why certain pulling scenarios favor the Hückel two‐sided topology and others favor Möbius single‐sided topologies. The meso‐substitution pattern on [28]hexaphyrin determines whether the energy difference between the different topologies can be overcome by mechanical activation.
N,S‐Co‐Doped Porous Carbon Nanofiber Films Derived from Fullerenes (C60) as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction and a Zn–Air Battery
Authors: He Zhimin , Wei Peng , Chen Ning , Han Jiantao , Lu Xing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe development of highly efficient metal‐free electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has attracted great attention for the creation of electrochemical energy devices. In this study, one‐dimensional (1 D) fullerene nanofibers prepared from liquid–liquid interfacial precipitation are first fabricated into fullerene‐derived carbon nanofiber films (FCNFs) through a simple filtration procedure. Then, pyrolysis of the FCNFs in the presence of ammonia and sulfur produces N‐ and S‐co‐doped porous carbon nanofiber films (N,S‐PCNFs). As excellent metal‐free electrocatalysts for the ORR, N,S‐PCNFs exhibit remarkable catalytic activity, superior stability, and excellent methanol tolerance in both alkaline and acidic solution. Such a high ORR performance benefits from the robust porous nanofiber network structure with high concentrations of active N‐ and S‐ groups and abundant defects. Notably, upon practical use of N,S‐PCNFs as catalysts in Zn‐air batteries, a high power density and a large operating voltage are achieved, with a performance comparable to that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst. This work presents a facile strategy for the creation of a new class of energy nanomaterials based on fullerenes, demonstrating their practical uses in electrocatalytic ORR processes and Zn‐air batteries.
Organocatalytic Cascade Reactions for the Diversification of Thiopyrano‐Piperidone Fused Rings Utilizing Trienamine Activation
Authors: Mitkari Suhas Balasaheb , Medina‐Ortíz Alberto , Olivares‐Romero José Luis , Vázquez Miguel A. , Peña‐Cabrera Eduardo , Villegas Gómez Clarisa , Cruz Cruz David 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAn aminocatalytic privileged diversity‐oriented synthesis (ApDOS) strategy utilizing trienamine catalysis for the construction of diverse and complex thiopyrans‐piperidone fused rings through a thia‐Diels–Alder/nucleophilic ring‐closing sequence by using dithioamides as activated heterodienophiles is reported. Following this strategy, a super cascade reaction to assemble nine fused rings can be achieved by employing a bis‐dithioamide. Additionally, by linking an indole moiety on the dithioamide, a Pictet–Spengler type reaction can be promoted once the cascade sequence has been achieved, leading to more complex penta‐ hexa‐ and heptacyclic fused ring derivatives in a one‐pot process. This investigation opens new perspectives for the synthesis of a new class of complex and diverse thiopyrans that contribute to populate new relevant regions in the chemical space.
Haptic kinetics: A novel 3D‐model of organic reaction processes for inclusive teaching
Authors: Lindenstruth Philipp , Schween Michael 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLewis‐Strukturformeln sind das grundlegende Werkzeug zur Repräsentation sowie zum Erklären von Reaktionsprozessen in der Organischen Chemie. Für Lernende besitzen sie aufgrund ihrer Komplexität und Abstraktheit jedoch zahlreiche Zugangs‐ und Verständnishürden. Der fehlende Zugang zu Parametern, die den Reaktionsverlauf bestimmen, in den Formeln jedoch nur implizit enthalten sind, kann in Verbindung mit anderen Faktoren zu fehlerhaften Denk‐ und Arbeitsweisen führen und die Entwicklung mechanistischen Problemlösevermögens als Kernkompetenz behindern. Im Beitrag stellen wir ein neuartiges 3D‐Modell vor, mit dem Lernende die Dynamiken von SN‐Reaktionsverläufen modellieren können. Das Prozessmodell repräsentiert die strukturellen Veränderungen als einen dynamisch ablaufenden, von Lernenden steuerbaren und direkt verfolgbaren „Reaktionsfilm“ an einem einzigen Modell. Durch die realisierte spezielle Mechanik und die Eigenschaften der Modellbestandteile erzeugt das Modell bei der Verwendung ein direktes, haptisch erfahrbares Feedback. Diese expliziten Informationen können von Lernenden auf den Reaktionsprozess bezogen und zur Bildung und zum Prüfen von Hypothesen über dessen strukturellen und energetischen Verlauf verwendet werden. Dadurch eröffnet das Prozessmodell eine „Kinetik zum Anfassen“. Durch die vollständige haptische Erfahrbarkeit eignet sich das Modell für inklusive Settings mit blinden, sehbeeinträchtigten und sehenden Lernenden.
Study on field demonstration of high‐sensitivity SF6 leakage detection method for gas insulated switchgear
Authors: Tatemi Masaru , Inami Hisao , Rokunohe Toshiaki , Hirose Makoto 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSF6 gas is widely used in power equipment such as gas insulated switchgear or gas circuit breaker. However, its global warming potential is 23,500 times higher than that of CO2. In consideration of environmental protection, detection of SF6 gas leakage with high sensitivity is necessary. The authors proposed an algorithm to accurately estimate the average gas temperature from the tank surface temperature for establishing a high‐sensitive SF6 slow leak detection technology. Since the gas temperature depends on the temperature of the conductor, the algorithm was characterized by estimating the gas temperature from the tank surface temperature and the load current. The relationship among the tank surface temperature, the gas temperature, and the current was preliminarily investigated by the use of the thermal fluid analysis and stored in the database. By use of this method, the fluctuation of the converted pressure in the basic examination test was suppressed to 20% as compared with that without considering the current. In addition, database was also created from the machine learning of field test result in substitution. In the field test, it was confirmed that the detection time of 0.5%/year slow leak could be detected in about 8 months by considering the load current.
An impedimetric assay for the identification of abnormal mitochondrial dynamics in living cells
Authors: Galpayage Dona Kalpani N. U. , Du E , Wei Jianning 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMitochondrial dynamics (fission and fusion) plays an important role in cell functions. Disruption in mitochondrial dynamics has been associated with diseases such as neurobiological disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Analysis of mitochondrial fission/fusion has been mostly achieved through direct visualization of the fission/fusion events in live‐cell imaging of fluorescently labeled mitochondria. In this study, we demonstrated a label‐free, non‐invasive Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) approach to analyze mitochondrial dynamics in a genetically modified human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cell line with no huntingtin protein expression. Huntingtin protein has been shown to regulate mitochondria dynamics. We performed EIS studies on normal SH‐SY5Y cells and two independent clones of huntingtin‐null cells. The impedance data was used to determine the suspension conductivity and further cytoplasmic conductivity and relate to the abnormal mitochondrial dynamics. For instance, the cytoplasm conductivity value was increased by 11% from huntingtin‐null cells to normal cells. Results of this study demonstrated that EIS is sensitive to characterize the abnormal mitochondrial dynamics that can be difficult to quantify by the conventional microscopic method.
Shake table testing of a rocking podium: Results of a blind prediction contest
Authors: Vassiliou M. F. , Broccardo M. , Cengiz C. , Dietz M. , Dihoru L. , Gunay S. , Mosalam K. M. , Mylonakis G. , Sextos A. , Stojadinovic B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRocking motion is sensitive to the boundary and initial conditions of a rocking structure, making experiments nonrepeatable. Thus, the claims that numerical rocking motion models are not only inaccurate but that all rocking structures behave unpredictably. Hence, rocking is not used as a seismic design approach. This paper revisits the issue of rocking motion unpredictability. Seismic behavior of structures is inherently stochastic, because the loading is stochastic. Therefore, the question of interest is not whether models can predict the seismic response to a single ground motion, but if the statistical characteristics of the ensemble of responses to a set of ground motions that define the seismic hazard can be predicted. For this purpose, a rocking podium, which is a three‐dimensional structure comprising an aluminum slab supported by four tubular steel columns, was tested on a shake table excited by two sets of 100 consistently generated ground motions. It was found that the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the experimentally obtained displacements is statistically stable. Next, a blind prediction contest was organized. The contestants were invited to predict the CDFs of the slab lateral displacement. They were able to predict the slab displacement CDF relatively well. Both finite element and discrete element modeling approaches were used, but no clear pattern emerged as it was found that the performance of either approach depends on the input parameters used and the assumptions made. It was also observed that the contestants who did not use Rayleigh damping in their models produced better predictions.