bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA methylation in Schwann cells and in oligodendrocytes
Authors: Arthur‐Farraj Peter , Moyon Sarah 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDNA methylation is one of many epigenetic marks, which directly modifies base residues, usually cytosines, in a multiple‐step cycle. It has been linked to the regulation of gene expression and alternative splicing in several cell types, including during cell lineage specification and differentiation processes. DNA methylation changes have also been observed during aging, and aberrant methylation patterns have been reported in several neurological diseases. We here review the role of DNA methylation in Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes, the myelin‐forming glia of the peripheral and central nervous systems, respectively. We first address how methylation and demethylation are regulating myelinating cells' differentiation during development and repair. We then mention how DNA methylation dysregulation in diseases and cancers could explain their pathogenesis by directly influencing myelinating cells' proliferation and differentiation capacities.
Similarities and dissimilarities of codon usage in mitochondrial ATP genes among fishes, aves, and mammals
Authors: Uddin Arif , Mazumder Tarikul H. , Barbhuiya Parvin A. , Chakraborty Supriyo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this study, we used bioinformatic approach to analyze the compositional features and codon usage bias (CUB) of ATP6 and ATP8 genes among three groups, namely, fishes, aves, and mammals which thrive in three different habitats as no work was reported yet. The coding sequences of these genes were retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnology Information to explore the similarities and dissimilarities of codon usage of each gene among these groups. Low values of synonymous codon usage order in fishes, aves, and mammals for ATP6 and ATP8 genes suggested that the CUB of ATP6 and ATP8 genes was low. In ATP6 gene, overall GC contents in fishes, aves and mammals were (mean ± SD) 44.09 ± 3.10, 46.65 ± 1.90, and 39.41 ± 2.89%, respectively, whereas in ATP8 gene, the overall GC contents were 42.76 ± 4.38, 44.16 ± 2.43, and 34.19 ± 3.82% in fishes, aves, and mammals, that is, both genes were found to be AT rich. In ATP6 gene, the codon AGC was overrepresented in fishes but under‐represented in aves and mammals, whereas in ATP8 gene, the codon GCC was overrepresented in fishes but underrepresented in aves and mammals. The pattern of codon usage was different in these genes and varied among groups as evident from correspondence analysis. The slope of the regression line in neutrality plot was lower than 0.5, which revealed that the role of natural selection was higher than mutation pressure in shaping the CUB in ATP6 and ATP8 genes.
Estimation of average treatment effects using panel data when treatment effect heterogeneity depends on unobserved fixed effects
Authors: Sakaguchi Shosei 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThis paper proposes a new panel data approach to identify and estimate the time‐varying average treatment effect (ATE). The approach allows for treatment effect heterogeneity that depends on unobserved fixed effects. In the presence of this type of heterogeneity, existing panel data approaches identify the ATE for limited subpopulations only. In contrast, the proposed approach identifies and estimates the ATE for the entire population. The approach relies on the linear fixed effects specification of potential outcome equations and uses exogenous variables that are correlated with the fixed effects. I apply the approach to study the impact of a mother's smoking during pregnancy on her child's birth weight.
Preparation of a novel bentonite intercalation composite by changing the chemical state of aluminum
Authors: Peng Qian , Kong Decun , Shi Li , Wang Xin , Meng Xuan , Liu Naiwang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA new environment‐friendly bentonite intercalation composite was successfully obtained from alumina sol intercalation. This process used industrial grade pseudo boehmite as the aluminum source and provided with the advantage of zero emission of acidic wastewater. The bentonite intercalation composite was investigated by XRF, ICP, XRD, FT‐IR, BET, and pyridine‐FTIR. Results indicated that the basal spacing was enlarged from 14.72 to 15.60 Å; the specific surface area increased by 128%; and the total acid content increased from 65.32 to 245.76 μmol/g. The catalytic activity of this composite was tested by alkylation of aromatics with olefins. The results show that the weak Lewis acid generated by extra‐framework aluminum and specific surface area play a decisive role, while weak Brønsted acid site is not the active site for this alkylation reaction.
Retracted: Rs11655237 polymorphism of LINC00673 affects the prognosis of cervical cancer by interfering with the interaction between LINC00673 and microRNA‐1231
Authors: Zhu Wei , Li Linlin , Li Dejia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSingle‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is known to disrupt the binding between lncRNAs and microRNAs. In this paper, we aimed to explore the role of LINC00673 rs11655237 SNP in the survival of cervical cancer (CC). Real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western‐blot analysis were used to detect expressions of LINC00673 and microRNA‐1231 (miR‐1231) in CC patients with different rs11655237 SNP genotypes. And the expression of LINC00673, miR‐1231, and IFNAR1 was measured in mice and cells treated with exosomes carrying GG, GA, and AA rs11655237 genotypes. Compared with patients carrying the rs11655237 A allele of LINC00673 rs11655237 SNP, patients carrying the G allele showed higher overall survival and higher miR‐1231 expression. In addition, the expression of miR‐1231 was the highest in patients carrying the GG genotype and the lowest in patients carrying the AA genotype. Furthermore, the exosomes carrying GG, GA, and AA genotypes of LINC00673 rs11655237 SNP reduced tumor growth in mice, while the inhibitory effect of rs11655237 A allele was much stronger than that of the rs11655237 G allele. Additionally, exosome treatment upregulated the expression of LINC000673 and IFNAR1 while downregulating the expression of miR‐1231. Interestingly, the A allele of rs11655237 generated a binding site for miR‐1231 and subsequently affected the expression of IFNAR1, a target gene of miR‐1231 containing a miR‐1231 binding site in its 3′‐untranslated region. Cells transfected with exosomes carrying GG, GA, and AA genotypes of LINC00673 rs11655237 SNP achieved higher LINC000673 and IFNAR1 expression along with lower miR‐1231 expression. Therefore, rs11655237 can be used as a prognostic biomarker for CC.
Gli1 interacts with YAP1 to promote tumorigenesis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Chongchong , Cheng Li , Song Shasha , Wu Shan , Sun Guoping 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the predominant esophageal cancer type in China. The aberrant activation of glioma‐associated oncogene homolog1 (Gli1), a key factor in Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway, has been found in esophageal carcinoma. Moreover, Yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1), the major mediator of Hippo signaling pathway, has been linked to esophageal carcinoma progression. However, the precise roles and the underlying mechanism of both Gli1 and YAP1 in ESCC are unclear. Here, we found that Gli1 and YAP1 are overexpressed in ESCC and are associated with poor prognosis. In addition, we confirmed that knockdown of Gli1 or YAP1 suppresses ESCC cell growth, migration, and invasion in ESCC TE1 and EC109 cells. Significantly, Gli1 interacts with YAP1 in ESCC cells. Both Gli1 and YAP1 proteins are closely correlated with each other in human ESCC samples. Mechanistically, Gli1 upregulates YAP1 in a LATS1‐independent manner. Conversely, YAP1 induces Gli1 by regulating phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway. Most importantly, we demonstrated that the interaction between Gli1 and YAP1 promotes ESCC tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Our findings established a novel signaling mechanism by which the interaction between Gli1 and YAP1 promotes ESCC cell growth. This signaling regulation of the tumorigenesis provides a new therapeutic strategy for highly lethal ESCC.
Preparation and catalytic performance of ZrO2‐supported Pt single‐atom and cluster catalyst for hydrogenation of 2,4‐dinitrotoluene to 2,4‐toluenediamine
Authors: Ren Xiaoliang , Li Jingde , Wang Shufang , Zhang Dongsheng , Wang Yanji 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe catalytic hydrogenation of 2,4‐dinitrotoluene is an environmentally benign technology for the production of 2,4‐toluenediamine, which is a key intermediate in production of polyurethane foams, elastomers and sealants. Most of the existing precious metal nanocatalysts, however, suffer from low catalytic efficiency and high catalyst costs. Single metal atoms and clusters anchored on carriers, with high atom utilization efficiency, provide a good strategy for creating cost‐effective catalysts. In the work reported, a ZrO2‐supported Pt single‐atom and cluster catalyst was successfully prepared using a facile adsorption method for hydrogenation of 2,4‐dinitrotoluene to 2,4‐toluenediamine.RESULTSPt concentration in solution and reduction temperature had a substantial effect on the Pt loadings, dispersion and the corresponding catalytic performance. The 15Pt/ZrO2‐300 catalyst exhibited the highest catalytic activity. At 80 °C and hydrogen pressure of 1 MPa, the initial hydrogenation rate reached as high as 4583.33 molH2 molPt−1 min−1, which was more than 40 times that for a conventional Pd/C catalyst.CONCLUSIONSZrO2‐supported Pt single‐atom and cluster catalyst was successfully fabricated. The method was implemented on the foundation of strong charge adsorption between Pt ions and ZrO2 carrier. The prepared Pt single‐atom and cluster catalyst showed excellent catalytic activity for hydrogenation of 2,4‐dinitrotoluene to 2,4‐toluenediamine. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Modeling pH and temperature effects on the anaerobic treatment of tequila vinasses
Authors: Moguel‐Castañeda Jazael G , Puebla Hector , Méndez‐Acosta Hugo O , Hernandez‐Martinez Eliseo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDAn unstructured mathematical model is proposed to evaluate the effect of key variables on the anaerobic digestion of tequila vinasses and to determine the operating conditions that improve biogas production. Most of the models currently reported do not consider the simultaneous effects of pH and temperature on the process kinetics. Instead, they only recognize the specific operational conditions under which the experiments were conducted. Hence, this work presents a mathematical model that considers the effects of pH and temperature on methane production.RESULTSExperimental data were obtained from the anaerobic treatment of tequila vinasses conducted in a sequencing batch reactor, which was evaluated at two temperatures (32 and 38 °C) and two pH values (7 and 8) to validate the proposed model. Parameter estimation was performed using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm yielding a simplified model with high determination coefficients (R2 > 0.99). Moreover, kinetic parameters estimated were consistent physically and statistically.CONCLUSIONSNumerical simulations provide the operating conditions under which methane production can be favored. Therefore, the proposed model might be advantageous in predicting the maximum methane production rate and the maximum organic loading rate that could be used without risking the stability of an anaerobic digestion process. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Differential roles of ash in sorption of triclosan to wood‐derived biochars produced at different temperatures
Authors: Chen Weifeng , Zhang Huiying , Wang Caiting , Yang Liuming , Ni Jinzhi , Wei Ran 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBiochar is composed of carbonaceous and inorganic (ash) fractions. The structural properties of carbonaceous fractions and the composition of ash in biochar are both variable with pyrolysis temperature. However, it is unknown whether ash may play different roles in sorption of organic compounds to the carbonaceous fraction of biochars produced at different temperatures. Hence, in this study, the pristine biochars produced at 300–900°C and their corresponding deashed biochars were investigated, and the combined roles of carbonaceous fraction and ash in sorption of triclosan were compared. The results showed that the biochars produced at 300–400°C had high content of uncarbonized organic structure with dominating partition effect. The combination of uncarbonized organic structure and ash had comparable or even higher sorption coefficient (KD) for triclosan at low concentration compared with a single uncarbonized organic structure. However, for the biochars produced at 600–900°C, which were mainly composed of carbonized or graphitized carbon structure, ash had significant effect on triclosan sorption by reducing surface adsorption and pore filling effect. The combination of carbonaceous fraction and ash decreased KD values for triclosan at any tested concentrations. In addition, the results of pH effect on sorption indicated that ash possibly decreased the electrostatic repulsion of deprotonated phenolic hydroxyl between biochars and triclosan. Accordingly, it will be more valuable to design biochars for pollutant sorption from the perspective of combined role of carbonaceous fraction and ash rather than a single role of carbonaceous fraction.
Factors affecting readmission rates after pancreatectomy
Authors: Hue Jonathan J. , Navale Suparna , Schiltz Nicholas , Koroukian Siran M. , Ammori John B. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundPancreatectomy is a complex operation with a historic readmission rate of approximately 20%. Hospital readmissions lead to increased patient and health system costs, morbidity, and mortality making them a topic of great interest. The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with readmission after pancreatectomy in order to target areas for improvement.MethodsPancreatectomy procedures for malignancy in adults from 2005 to 2011 were identified in the California State Inpatient Database. Descriptive analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between baseline variables and readmission status. Logistic regression models were developed to determine whether the bivariate associations identified persisted after adjusting for patient characteristics.ResultsOf the 4262 patients who underwent a pancreatectomy, 843 (19.8%) were readmitted within 30 days. Readmission rates by year did not vary over the study period. Results from multivariable analysis showed that males, Hispanics, Medicare recipients, patients with an initial length of stay >11 days, patients who were discharged to a skilled nursing facility, and those with chronic anemia were more likely to be readmitted compared to those without these characteristics. The majority of readmissions occurred within 15 days after discharge.ConclusionsReadmissions after pancreatectomy are multifactorial. Preoperative optimization, minimizing postoperative complications, and assuring patients have been evaluated by a multidisciplinary team may reduce the readmission rate.
Developing front‐end devices for improved sample preparation in MS‐based proteome analysis
Authors: Doucette Alan A. , Nickerson Jessica L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractChemical analysis has long relied on instrumentation, from the simplest (eg, burets) to the more sophisticated (eg, mass spectrometers) to facilitate precision measurements. Regardless of their complexity, the development of a new instrumental device can be a valued approach to address problems in science. In this perspective, we outline the process of novel device design, from early phase conception to the manufacturing and testing of the tool or gadget. Focus is placed on the development of improved front‐end devices to facilitate protein sample manipulations ahead of mass spectrometry, which therefore augment the proteomics workflow. Highlighted are some of the many training secrets, choices, and challenges that are inherent to the often iterative process of device design. In hopes of inspiring others to pursue instrument design to address relevant research questions, we present a summary list of points to consider prior to innovating their own devices.
Neuropeptide Y modulates membrane excitability in neonatal rat mesencephalic V neurons
Authors: Seki Soju , Tanaka Susumu , Yamada Saori , Tsuji Tadataka , Enomoto Akifumi , Ono Yudai , Chandler Scott H. , Kogo Mikihiko 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNeuropeptide Y (NPY) is one of a number of neuropeptides with powerful orexigenic effects. Intracerebroventricular administration of NPY induces increases in food intake and alters feeding rate. Besides it role in feeding behavior, NPY also has significant effects on neuronal systems related to other spontaneous behaviors such as rearing and grooming. In the present study, we examined the direct effects of NPY on mesencephalic V neurons (Mes V), which are important sensory neurons involved in oral motor reflexes and rhythmical jaw movements, as well as masticatory proprioception. Coronal brain slices were prepared from neonatal Sprague‐Dawley rats (P3‐17) and whole‐cell patch clamp recordings were obtained from Mes V neurons. Bath application of NPY depolarized the membrane potential and induced inward current in most neurons. Application of NPY shortened the duration of the afterhyperpolarization following an action potential, and increased the mean spike frequency during repetitive discharge. In those neurons which exhibited rhythmical burst discharge in response to maintained current injection, the bursting frequency was also increased. These effects were mediated predominately by both Y1 and Y5 receptors.
Evaluation of multivariate analyses and data fusion between Raman and laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy in binary mixtures and its potential for solar system exploration
Authors: Manrique‐Martinez Jose A. , Lopez‐Reyes Guillermo , Alvarez‐Perez Andres , Bozic Thomas , Veneranda Marco , Sanz‐Arranz Aurelio , Saiz Jesus , Medina‐Garcia Jesus , Rull‐Perez Fernando 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRaman and laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) spectroscopies will play an important role in planetary exploration missions in the following years, not only with Raman instruments like Raman laser spectrometer on board of Rosalid Franklin Rover or scanning habitable environments with Raman and luminescence for organics and chemicals on board Mars2020 Rover but also with combined instruments such as SuperCam. These techniques will be part of the upcoming planetary exploration missions because they can provide complementary information from the analysed sample while potentially sharing hardware components, maximizing the scientific return of the samples while limiting mass. In this framework, this study seeks to test the feasibility of combining several univariate and multivariate analysis techniques with data fusion techniques of different instruments (532 and 785 nm Raman and LIBS) to evaluate the improvements in the quantitative classification of samples in binary mixtures. We prepared two‐component mixtures that are potentially relevant in planetary exploration missions, using two different sulfates and a chloride. A more accurate classification of the samples is possible through a univariate analysis that combines the calculated concentration indicators for Raman and LIBS. On the other hand, multivariate analysis was run on Raman, LIBS, and Raman + LIBS low‐level fused data sets. The results showed a better improvement when fusing LIBS and Raman when compared with the redundant fusion but not a systematic improvement when compared with individual sets. We demonstrate that a quantification of the mineral abundances in binary mixtures can be obtained from Raman and LIBS data using univariate and multivariate analysis techniques, being the latter remarkably better, moving from performances of classification, in the whole range of concentrations, that could be over the 10% to values under 3.5%. Furthermore, the fusion of data coming from these techniques improves the classification limit with respect to the individual techniques. Thus, besides the (evident) hardware convenience of combining LIBS with 532‐nm Raman, there could be analytical advantages as well.
Progress of Raman spectroscopic investigations on the structure and properties of coal
Authors: Xu Yanmei , Chen Xia , Wang Liang , Bei Ke , Wang Junliang , Chou I‐Ming , Pan Zhiyan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRaman spectroscopy is a nondestructive and in situ analytical technique that could provide information on the chemical structure and structural ordering of carbonaceous materials. Based on the E2g symmetric stretching vibration mode in the aromatic layers (G band, ~1,580 cm−1) and the defect structure in graphite (D band, ~1,350 cm−1), Raman spectroscopy has been used extensively to characterize the structural features of carbonaceous matters since 1970. Coal is a complex organic compound made up mainly by carbon showing characteristic Raman bands. This article reviews the application of Raman spectroscopy for coal structure characterization under room temperature, to determine its chemical structure, crystallite size, coal rank, and combustion reactivity. Future research for collecting Raman spectra during coal pyrolysis at high temperatures is also discussed. The combination of high‐temperature hot stage with Raman spectroscopy technology allows direct collection of Raman spectra at high temperature.
Ultrasound Assessment of Disease Activity Prevents Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drug (DMARD) Escalation and May Reduce DMARD‐Related Direct Costs in Rheumatoid Arthritis With Fibromyalgia
Authors: Silva Chakr Rafael Mendonça da , Santos João Cláudio de Oliveira , Alves Laura da Silva , de Andrade Nicole Pamplona Bueno , Ranzolin Aline , Brenol Claiton Viegas 
Published: January 2020

Objectivesas an objective measure, ultrasound (US) could prevent rheumatoid arthritis (RA) overtreatment induced by concomitant fibromyalgia (FM). Our goal was to study how patients with RA and FM who underwent a US examination differed from those without a US examination in terms of overall disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) escalation and biologic DMARD‐related direct costs.MethodsPatients with RA and FM were seen between 2011 and 2017. In cases of 28‐joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28) overestimation, patients were referred to undergo a US examination. The US group underwent a US examination to confirm disease activity, and the DAS28 group had disease activity assessment based solely on the DAS28.ResultsOf 230 patients with RA, 22 women with RA and FM (DAS28 group, n = 9; and US group, n = 13) were seen in 316 visits (115.68 patient‐years). The DMARD treatment was escalated in 27.1% of visits in the DAS28 group versus 17.3% in the US group (P = .046). The relative risk of DMARD escalation in the DAS28 group compared to the US group was 1.57 (95% confidence interval, 1.01–2.43). In sum total, US$240,784.52 were spent on biologics throughout the entire study period. Basing biologic DMARD prescriptions on US results could save an average of US$405.66 per patient‐year.ConclusionsIn this real‐life study of patients with RA and FM, a US examination was associated with less DMARD escalation and could reduce biologic DMARD direct costs. Specifically, synovitis as scored by power Doppler US could be useful as a treatment target for RA in patients with DAS28 overestimation due to FM, but further studies are necessary.