bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yield of next‐generation neuropathy gene panels in axonal neuropathies
Authors: Lee Diana C. , Dankwa Lois , Edmundson Christyn , Cornblath David R. , Scherer Steven S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe use and utility of targeted gene panels for diagnosing the type of Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth have grown rapidly because commercial gene panels that contain most of the relevant genes are available and affordable for many patients. We used a targeted gene panel to analyze 175 patients who had an unexplained axonal polyneuropathy affecting large myelinated axons, 86 of whom reported a family history of neuropathy, and 89 of whom did not. In patients reporting a family history, the panel identified a pathogenic variant causing the neuropathy in six cases (7%); in patients not reporting a family history, the gene panel identified pathogenic variants causing neuropathy in two patients (2%). Interpretation in a tertiary referral setting, current gene panels identify the genetic cause of neuropathy in a small minority of patients who have an unexplained axonal neuropathy, even in those reporting a family history.
Relationship between tactile stimuli and basic tastes: CATA with consumers with visual disability
Authors: Riofrio‐Grijalva Renata , Lago Maider , Fabregat‐Amich Paula , Guerrero Jose , Cuesta Alberto , Vázquez‐Araújo Laura 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe sensation of touch can play an important role in generating expectations when coming into contact with the food packaging or the food itself, especially in people with visual impairment. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between some tactile sensations and the five basic tastes in visually impaired consumers. A check all that apply (CATA) test was adapted to explore the basic tastes‐tactile stimuli relationship in this consumer segment. Also, a second CATA test was conducted to determine the best descriptors for the tactile sensations related with the basic tastes. Results of the first test showed a relationship among some of the basic tastes with singular tactile sensations, sweetness, and bitterness being the main drivers of the difference. Descriptors such as “smooth,” “velvety,” or “silky” were used to describe the tactile stimuli related to sweetness, while “rough,” “sandy,” or “hard” were used to describe the ones related to bitterness.Practical applicationsResults of the present study could be useful for the packaging industry, providing valuable information for developing new ways of generating expectations, and maybe enhancing some basic tastes, especially for blind consumers. Hospitality and restaurant businesses could also benefit from the results of this study by providing new ideas about developing multimodal experiences for diners. In addition, an example of a CATA adapted methodology is described in the manuscript, showing a friendly and sensitive manner of working with visually impaired consumers.
AtRTP5 negatively regulates plant resistance to Phytophthora pathogens by modulating the biosynthesis of endogenous jasmonic acid and salicylic acid
Authors: Li Weiwei , Zhao Dan , Dong Jingwen , Kong Xianglan , Zhang Qiang , Li Tingting , Meng Yuling , Shan Weixing 
Published: November 2019

SummaryPlants have evolved powerful immune systems to recognize pathogens and avoid invasions, but the genetic basis of plant susceptibility is less well‐studied, especially to oomycetes, which cause disastrous diseases in many ornamental plants and food crops. In this research, we identified a negative regulator of plant immunity to the oomycete Phytophthora parasitica, AtRTP5 (Arabidopsis thaliana Resistant to Phytophthora 5), which encodes a WD40 repeat domain‐containing protein. The AtRTP5 protein, which was tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP), is localized in the nucleus and plasma membrane. Both the A. thaliana T‐DNA insertion rtp5 mutants and the Nicotiana benthamiana RTP5 (NbRTP5) silencing plants showed enhanced resistance to P. parasitica, while overexpression of AtRTP5 rendered plants more susceptible. The transcriptomic analysis showed that mutation of AtRTP5 suppressed the biosynthesis of endogenous jasmonic acid (JA) and JA‐dependent responses. In contrast, salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis and SA‐dependent responses were activated in the T‐DNA insertion mutant rtp5‐3. These results show that AtRTP5 acts as a conserved negative regulator of plant immunity to Phytophthora pathogens by interfering with JA and SA signalling pathways.
Built environment for physical activity—An urban barometer, surveillance, and monitoring
Authors: Devarajan Raji , Prabhakaran Dorairaj , Goenka Shifalika 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe Lancet Commission on Obesity (LCO), also known as the “syndemic commission,” states that radical changes are required to harness the common drivers of “obesity, undernutrition, and climate change.” Urban design, land use, and the built environment are few such drivers. Holding individuals responsible for obesity detracts from the obesogenic built environments. Pedestrian priority and dignity, wide pavements with tree canopies, water fountains with potable water, benches for the elderly at regular intervals, access to open‐green spaces within 0.5‐km radius and playgrounds in schools are required. Facilities for physical activity at worksite, prioritization of staircases and ramps in building construction, redistribution of land use, and access to quality, adequate capacity, comfortable, and well‐networked public transport, which are elderly and differently abled sensitive with universal design are some of the interventions that require urgent implementation and monitoring. An urban barometer consisting of valid relevant indicators aligned to the sustainable development goals (SDGs), UN‐Habitat‐3 and healthy cities, should be considered a basic human right and ought to be mounted for purposes of surveillance and monitoring. A “Framework Convention on Built Environment and Physical Activity” needs to be taken up by WHO and the UN for uptake and implementation by member countries.
Deterioration of ovary plays a key role in heat stress‐induced spikelet sterility in sorghum
Authors: Chiluwal Anuj , Bheemanahalli Raju , Kanaganahalli Vinutha , Boyle Dan , Perumal Ramasamy , Pokharel Meghnath , Oumarou Halilou , Jagadish S.V. Krishna 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench), the impact of heat stress during flowering on seed set is known, but mechanisms that lead to tolerance are not known. A diverse set of sorghum genotypes was tested under controlled environment and field conditions to ascertain the impact of heat stress on time‐of‐day of flowering, pollen viability, and ovarian tissue. A highly conserved early morning flowering was observed, wherein >90% of spikelets completed flowering within 30 min after dawn, both in inbreds and hybrids. A strong quantitative impact of heat stress was recorded before pollination (reduced pollen viability) and post pollination (reduced pollen tube growth and linear decline in fertility). Although viable pollen tube did reach the micropylar region, 100% spikelet sterility was recorded under 40/22°C (day/night temperatures), even in the tolerant genotype Macia. Heat stress induced significant damage to the ovarian tissue near the micropylar region, leading to highly condensed cytoplasmic contents and disintegrated nucleolus and nucleus in the susceptible genotype RTx430. Whereas, relatively less damages to ovarian cell organelles were observed in the tolerant genotype Macia under heat stress. Integrating higher tolerance in female reproductive organ will help in effective utilization of the early morning flowering mechanism to enhance sorghum productivity under current and future hotter climate.
Conducting Research with Individuals at Risk for Suicide: Protocol for Assessment and Risk Management
Authors: Ward‐Ciesielski Erin F. , Wilks Chelsey R. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveSuicide prediction, prevention, and intervention are urgent research areas. One barrier for research with high‐risk populations is limited resources to manage risk in a research setting. We describe using the University of Washington Risk Assessment Protocol (UWRAP) to assess and manage suicide risk during phone‐administered eligibility assessments in two clinical trials.MethodStudy 1 (N = 151) recruited suicidal adults who were not engaged in mental health treatment and Study 2 (N = 135) recruited suicidal adults who used alcohol to regulate emotions. Pre‐ and postassessment ratings of stress, urge to harm self, urge to use drugs/alcohol, and intent to harm self were compared and strategies to manage increased suicide risk following screening interviews were implemented, as indicated.ResultsIn both studies, average postassessment ratings were significantly lower than pre‐assessment. A minority of participants reported higher ratings on one or more domains; however, following more thorough suicide risk assessment, risk was appropriately managed by providing low‐level interventions (e.g., validation).ConclusionsSuicide risk in research involving community participants can be managed by using appropriate risk protocols.
Sequential measurement of Trypanosoma cruzi parasitic load in endomyocardial biopsies for early detection and follow‐up of Chagas disease reactivation after heart transplantation
Authors: Benvenuti Luiz Alberto , Roggério Alessandra , Nishiya Anna Shoko , Mangini Sandrigo , Levi José Eduardo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundReactivation of Chagas disease after heart transplantation is characterized by proliferation and dissemination of Trypanosoma cruzi parasites to several organs. Reactivation affecting the allograft can simulate acute cellular rejection, from which it should be distinguished through the analysis of endomyocardial biopsies (EMB).MethodsWe evaluated retrospectively 100 EMB collected in the first year of follow‐up from 13 heart‐transplanted, chagasic patients who presented reactivation and were successfully treated. Additionally, 37 EMB from 8 patients who did not present reactivation constituted the control group. We reviewed histopathology and performed a real‐time PCR‐based assay in order to evaluate the T cruzi parasitic load of each EMB.ResultsThe parasitic load of the EMB at the time of reactivation ranged from 22.80 to 190 000/106 cells (median: 1555). In 6 patients, none of the EMB obtained prior to reactivation amplified T cruzi DNA. On the other hand, 10 EMB from 7 patients, obtained 9‐105 days before reactivation (median: 26 days), showed parasitic load ranging from 8.25 to 625/106 cells (median: 167.55). In all patients, the parasitic load increased at the time of reactivation, usually sharply. After initiation of treatment, all patients showed negative PCR or a dramatic reduction of the parasitic load in the following EMB. None of the EMB from the control group amplified T cruzi DNA.ConclusionsSequential measurement of T cruzi parasitic load in EMB is useful for monitoring Chagas disease reactivation after heart transplantation. Its increase suggests imminent reactivation and its decrease after treatment indicates favorable evolution for cure of the episode of reactivation.
Morphologic and quantitative evaluation of bone marrow aspirates from Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis)
Authors: Schwartz Diana , Guzman David Sanchez‐Migallon , Beaufrere Hugues , Ammersbach Melanie , Paul‐Murphy Joanne , Tully Thomas N. , Christopher Mary M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundBone marrow aspirate assessments provide valuable information about hematopoietic status and hematologic disease. Hematopoietic cell differentials and morphologies have been anecdotally described in psittacines, but quantitative studies are lacking.ObjectivesWe aimed to determine differential cell counts and calculate granulocyte:erythroid (G:E) ratios in bone marrow aspirates from Hispaniolan Amazon parrots and report representative morphologies of the hematopoietic cells.MethodsBone marrow aspirates were collected from 32 clinically healthy, captive, parrots. Peripheral blood was obtained for CBCs. Bone marrow differential cell counts (%) were determined by counting 500 cells on modified Wright's‐stained smears. G:E ratios were calculated. Representative images of hematopoietic cells at all stages of development were taken.ResultsOf the 32 parrots sampled, 17 bone marrow samples were of sufficient cellularity and quality for evaluation. Erythroid cells comprised 68.9 ± 8.6% (total ± SD) of the hematopoietic cells and consisted primarily of early‐ and late‐stage polychromatophilic rubricytes (43.6 ± 2.1% of total erythroid cells). Granulocytic cells comprised 28.1 ± 3.8% of the hematopoietic cells and consisted primarily of mature and band heterophils (11.9 ± 5.2% and 6.5 ± 3.4%, respectively, of total granulocytic cells). A unique morphologic finding in avian progranulocytes was the presence of multiple different granules. The G:E ratio was 0.4 ± 0.2 (median 0.4, range 0.1‐0.9). Thrombocyte lineage cells could not be reliably identified and were not counted. CBC results were largely within expected limits.ConclusionsThe low G:E ratios observed could be normal in this species; however, these ratios could be affected by factors related to sampling and cell identification. These findings will be a valuable resource for the diagnostic evaluation of clinical bone marrow samples from Hispaniolan Amazon parrots and could serve as a general reference for psittacine bone marrow evaluation.
Analysis of Residual Stresses On the Expanding Transition Zone of Steam Generator Tubes of Apr1400
Authors: Kiptisia Wycliffe , Namgung Ihn 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Advanced Power Reactor 1400 (APR1400) Steam Generator (SG) uses alloy 690 as tube material and SA-508 Grade 3 Class 1 as tubesheet material to form tube-to-tubesheet joint through the hydraulic expansion process. Failures in SGs have been identified to occur due to poorly formed tube-to-tubesheet expansion joint or due to Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) of the tube resulting from high residual tensile stresses in the transition zone. This paper investigates this residual stresses. Both theoretical and Finite Element Methodology (FEM) was used to assess and compare the contact pressure in the tube-to-tubesheet joint. In addition, the expansion joint axial strength was assessed by comparing the pull-out force against the joint contact force and an iterative method in FEM used to determine the limit autofrettage pressure. A single U-tube hole and tubesheet with ligament thickness were taken as a single cylinder and plane strain condition assumed. The results obtained shows that the maximum residual longitudinal tensile stress occurs at the inner surface of the tube with a value of 230.32MPa and the maximum residual hoop stress also occurs at the inner surface with a value of 151.76MPa. The joint contact force was estimated to be 20 times more than the pull-out force and the limit autofrettage pressure was estimated to be 141.85MPa.
A Resonated and Synchrophased Three Beams Neutron Cancer Therapy Installation
Authors: Haidar Nassar H. S. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The technique of composite region coupling by a neutron source at a common boundary of different regions that has been introduced in 2019 has allowed for an additive separation of variables neutron-density 3D wave analytical solution to the posing four-regional boundary value problem (BVP) of neutron cancer therapy (NCT). The three employable mutually orthogonal neutron beams, which may have different pulse shapes, have distinct modulation frequencies ω,ϖ, and ŵ and distinct relative time delays ε and ε̂. By employing this solution, we demonstrate in this paper how the therapeutic utility index and the ballistic index for this kind of dynamical NCT form a nonlinear optimization problem. Both of these indices are demonstrated to be remarkably periodically discontinuous in ε or ε̂, even in the neighborhood of the respective ε∗ or ε̂∗. As an extension of a result obtained also in 2019, for a certain lower-dimensional setup, a Pareto optimal control vector ω∗=(ω∗,ϖ∗,ε∗,ŵ∗,ε̂∗) is identified for this 3D problem. The existence of this vector paves the way toward what we call a “resonated and synchrophased three beams neutron cancer therapy (RASP-3BNCT) installation.”
Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Heart Rate on Flow in the Left Ventricle in Health and Disease—Aortic Valve Regurgitation
Authors: Di Labbio Giuseppe , Ben Assa Eyal , Kadem Lyes 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
There is much debate in the literature surrounding the effects of heart rate on aortic regurgitation (AR). Despite the contradictory information, it is still widely believed that an increase in heart rate is beneficial due to the disproportionate shortening of the duration of diastole relative to systole, permitting less time for the left ventricle to fill from regurgitation. This in vitro work investigates how a change in heart rate affects the left ventricular fluid dynamics in the absence and presence of acute AR. The experiments are performed on a novel double-activation left heart simulator previously used for the study of chronic AR. The intraventricular velocity fields are acquired via time-resolved planar particle image velocimetry (PIV) in a clinically relevant plane. Considering fluid dynamic factors, an increase in heart rate was observed to have a limited benefit in the case of mild AR and a detrimental effect for more severe AR. With increasing heart rate, mild AR was associated with a decrease in regurgitant volume, a negligible change in regurgitant volume per diastolic second, and a limited reduction in the fraction of retained regurgitant inflow. More severe AR was accompanied by an increase in both regurgitant volume and the fraction of retained regurgitant inflow, implying a less effective pumping efficiency and a longer relative residence time of blood in the ventricle. Globally, the left ventricle's capacity to compensate for the increase in energy dissipation associated with an increase in heart rate diminishes considerably with severity, a phenomenon which may be exploited further as a method of noninvasive assessment of the severity of AR. These findings may affect the clinical belief that tachycardia is preferred in acute AR and should be investigated further in the clinical setting.
Could a Compliant Foam Anvil Characterize the Biofidelic Impact Response of Equestrian Helmets?
Authors: Michio Clark J. , Connor Thomas A. , Post Andrew , Blaine Hoshizaki T. , Ní Annaidh Aisling , Gilchrist Michael D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe performance of equestrian helmets to protect against brain injuries caused by fall impacts against compliant surfaces such as turf has not been studied widely. We characterize the kinematic response of simulated fall impacts to turf through field tests on horse racetracks and laboratory experiments. The kinematic response characteristics and ground stiffness at different going ratings (GRs) (standard measurement of racetrack condition) were obtained from 1 m and 2 m drop tests of an instrumented hemispherical impactor onto a turf racetrack. The “Hard” rating resulted in higher peak linear accelerations and stiffness, and shorter impact durations than the “Soft” and “Heavy” ratings. Insignificant differences were found among the other GRs, but a strong overall relationship was evident between the “going rating” and the kinematic response. This relationship was used to propose a series of three synthetic foam anvils as turf surrogates in equestrian falls corresponding to ranges of GRs of (i) heavy-soft (H-S), (ii) good-firm (G-F), and (iii) firm-hard (F-H). Laboratory experiments consisted of a helmeted headform being dropped onto natural turf and the turf surrogate anvils using a monorail drop rig. These experiments revealed that the magnitudes and durations of the linear and rotational accelerations for helmeted impacts to turf/turf surrogates were similar to those in concussive sports falls and collisions. Since the compliance of an impacted surface influences the dynamic response of a jockey's head during a fall impact against the ground, it is important that this is considered during both accident reconstructions and helmet certification tests.
Enhanced Decision Making and Working Memory During Exercise in the Heat With Crushed Ice Ingestion
Authors: Saldaris Jacinta M. , Landers Grant J. , Lay Brendan S. 
Published: November 2019

Purpose: To examine the effects of precooling via crushed ice ingestion on cognitive function during exercise in the heat. Methods: Eleven active men ingested either 7 g·kg−1 of crushed ice (ICE) or thermoneutral water (CON) 30 minutes before running 90 minutes on a treadmill at a velocity equivalent to 65% VO2peak in hot and humid conditions (35.0°C [0.5°C], 53.1% [3.9%] relative humidity). Participants completed 3 cognitive tasks to investigate decision making (8-choice reaction time [CRT]), working memory (serial seven [S7]), and executive control (color multisource interference task [cMSIT]) on arrival, after precooling, and after running. Results: Precooling significantly decreased preexercise core (Tcore) and forehead skin temperature in ICE compared with CON, respectively (Tcore 0.8°C [0.4°C], –0.2°C [0.1°C]; Thead –0.5°C [0.4°C], 0.2°C [0.8°C]; P ≤ .05). Postrun, ICE significantly reduced errors compared with CON for CRT (P ≤ .05; d = 0.90; 90% confidence interval, 0.13–1.60) and S7 (P ≤ .05; d = 1.05; 90% confidence interval, 0.26–1.75). Thermal sensation was lower after precooling with ICE (P ≤ .05), but no significant differences were recorded between conditions for cMSIT errors, skin temperature, heart rate, or ratings of perceived exertion or perceived thirst (P > .05). Conclusions: Precooling via ICE maintained cognitive accuracy in decision making and working memory during exercise in the heat. Thus, ICE may have the potential to improve sporting performance by resisting deleterious effects of exercise in a hot and humid environment on cognitive function.
Comparing Two Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity Accelerometer Cut Points in Older Adults With Neck and Back Disabilities Undergoing Exercise and Spinal Manipulation Interventions
Authors: Malone Quinn , Passmore Steven , Maiers Michele 
Published: November 2019

Different techniques used to analyze and reduce accelerometer data may impact its interpretation. To determine which variables were impacted by changing analysis parameters, the authors performed a secondary analysis of data gained from a clinical trial conducted on older adults (aged ≥65 years; M = 71.1 and SD = 5.3; n = 100) with neck and back disabilities and compared the effects of two different cut- point sets (Matthews and Freedson sets) commonly used to analyze older adult accelerometry data. The Matthews set was found to assign significantly greater moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day than the Freedson set in all comparisons. This suggests that, if moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per unit time is a primary outcome measure, the choice of which analysis method is used should be carefully considered. Further results from analyses of dependent variables, time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity bouts of >10 min/day, mean bout length, and number of bouts per day are discussed.