bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leadership and management culture within dental practice: a case study
Authors: Modha Bhaven 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
This case study aims to explore how leadership and management applies to a hypothetical scenario, focussing on a dental practice. As a teaching exercise, it may enable dentists and allied workers to reflect on the leadership and management styles used within their workplaces, and on their own abilities.

Design/methodology/approach
The hypothetical scenario considers a dental practice, its organisational structure, and leadership and management practices. The contemporary leadership and management theories of transformational leadership and contingency management are next discussed. These are then compared with the practices used in the dental practice. The case study concludes with recommendations.

Findings
The hypothetical scenario reveals that bureaucratic and transactional leadership and management culture exists within the dental practice, which may be attributable to many factors. The case study suggests that no single manner of leadership and management is completely correct or greater than another. There may be a need for bureaucratic, transactional, transformational, contingency and other approaches, and only if they shall be used in the best interests of the workforce and workplace.

Originality/value
Many dental practice workers may be oblivious to their own leadership and management techniques, and thus, the resultant impact on teammates. Negative approaches may contribute towards poor morale and a high turnover of staff. To become more skilful at applying certain approaches to given situations, dentists and allied workers may well need to pursue continuing professional development training in leadership and management.
Data sharing, international property practices and the GDPR: communicating with your consumers
Authors: Cradduck Lucy , Stevens Scarlett , Cowan Matthew 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the requirements of the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) in order to: identify its requirements for the Australian and New Zealand based members of multi-national property firms (“MNPF”); and understand how those firms are currently engaging with customers regarding the obligations the GDPR imposes.Design/methodology/approachThe research was undertaken by means of doctrinal legal research that engaged with statutory law, related policy documents, accessible private firm documents and website materials, and academic and other related writings. The authors considered these in the context of the GDPR's requirements, and how relevant obligations were communicated to the public on the MNPF Australian and New Zealand members' websites.FindingsThe research confirms the available literature's observations of the GDPR's broad reach and the firms to which it applies. The difficulties experienced in locating relevant information highlights the need for a change to firm processes to ensure that any communication obligations are met. The cases engaged with also serve to highlight the need to ensure that the actual practice is consistent with required GDPR processes.Research limitations/implicationsThe research faced three limitations. First: there was a limited number of relevant Australian and New Zealand based property related firms available to consider: not all property related firms were members of a MNPF or had business partners or customers/clients in the European Union or European Economic Area. Second: one of the relevant firms had already identified it was withdrawing from the Australian market. Third: there was a lack of public access to all materials as, while privacy policies as required by domestic laws were readily accessible, access was not readily available to GDPR related or required information or documents.Originality/valueThe research adds to the academic literature in this emerging area of international legal obligation.
Space bioethics: Why we need it and why it should be a feminist space bioethics
Authors: Szocik Konrad 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSpace philosophy offers rich insights in the future and is already well‐developed new branch of philosophy. However, space philosophers still do not pay much attention to a number of bioethical issues that may occur in space. This paper aims to introduce space bioethics, as a new branch in space philosophy, space ethics and space policy, to the philosophical and bioethical discourse. The basic issues discussed in space bioethics include—but are not limited to—human reproduction in space and human enhancement for space. This paper concludes that the new space bioethics should be a feminist new bioethics that is free from many of the historical biases associated with a male‐centred perspective in philosophy and bioethics. Bioethical issues in space have also impact on future political decisions related to objectives and nature of space missions.
Shared decision‐making among people with problematic alcohol/other drug use and co‐occurring mental health conditions: A systematic review
Authors: Fisher Alana , Mills Katherine , Teesson Maree , Marel Christina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsOver half of people presenting to alcohol/other drug (AOD) treatment services also have a mental health condition. Guidelines support numerous viable treatment options, meaning that treatment decisions need to be evidence based and patients' preferences need to be considered. Shared decision‐making (SDM) facilitates evidence‐ and preference‐based decisions and is well researched in other health‐care areas. Little is known, however, about people's attitudes towards and experience of SDM in co‐occurring AOD and mental health conditions.Design and MethodsSystematic literature review via key database searches MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Scopus, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Database of Systematic Reviews (January 2000–July 2019). Two independent reviewers assessed study eligibility, extracted data and rated study quality using a validated tool.ResultsOf 2393 articles identified, 10 studies were retained for final inclusion. The reviewed studies suggested that SDM is a well‐accepted and preferred approach to treatment decision‐making. SDM‐based interventions are viewed as feasible, acceptable and useful; are associated with improvements in the quality of the decision‐making process and the decision made; and have accrued less consistent evidence to support improvements in patient‐related outcomes (e.g. symptoms, treatment adherence/engagement).Discussion and ConclusionsThis is the first rigorous synthesis of the empirical literature on SDM in co‐occurring AOD and mental health conditions. SDM remains a nascent area of research in comorbidity treatment. Preliminary evidence supports SDM's acceptability, feasibility and utility in managing mental health and AOD comorbidities. Further research is needed to build the evidence base, especially with regard to the efficacy of SDM at improving patient‐related outcomes.
Comparison of shear bond strengths with different bevel preparations for the reattachment of fractured fragments of maxillary central incisors
Authors: Ghoreishizadeh Arezou , Mohammadi Foorough , Rezayi Yashar , Ghavimi Mohammadali , Pourlak Tannaz 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground/AimsFractures of anterior teeth are a highly prevalent form of dental trauma. Among the various treatment options, reattachment of the fractured part to the remaining tooth has a lot of advantages. The aim of this study was to compare different bevel preparation techniques when reattaching fractured fragments to maxillary central incisors.MethodsThis study was performed on 52 maxillary central incisors that were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups and 1 control group. In the control group, the repair was done by attaching the fractured fragment using bonding and composite resin without any bevel preparation. In the second and third groups, the bevel preparation was done to a depth of 0.5 mm before attachment of the fragment on the palatal side of the fracture and on the labial and palatal sides, respectively. In the fourth group, after tooth preparation, a 0.5 mm composite veneer was placed on the labial surface. The amount of force needed to refracture the tooth was measured with a universal testing machine, and shear bond strength was calculated in MPa.ResultsThe mean and standard deviation (mean ± SD) of shear bond strengths in the control group were 81.48 ± 8.18 MPa. In the palatal bevel group, they were 97.74 ± 11.41 MPa; in the labial and palatal bevel group, 131.56 ± 9.25 MPa; and in the composite veneer group, 104.36 ± 5.50 MPa. Significant differences were observed between the groups, but there was no significant difference between the palatal bevel and composite veneer groups.ConclusionsReattachment of the fractured fragments by all three methods increased the shear bond strength. The highest shear bond strength was obtained when both labial and palatal bevels were used.
Native and agricultural grassland use by stable and declining bumble bees in Midwestern North America
Authors: Rosenberger Derek W. , Conforti McKenna L. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Bumble bees are important pollinators in both natural and anthropogenic systems. In recent years, some species have suffered declines, including in the American Midwest. While loss of floral resources and grassland habitat may contribute to these declines, little is known about how native versus agricultural grasslands affect bumble bee populations.
We conducted 3 years of bumble bee population and floral use surveys across restored tallgrass prairie, bison pasture, and cattle pasture in Northern Illinois.
We found 1.75–3.5 times more bumble bees in native plant dominant tallgrass prairie than in exotic‐dominant pasture sites. In addition, bumble bees were two times more abundant in bison pasture than in cattle pasture. Bumble bee species richness was approximately 1.5–2 times greater in prairie, while richness was comparable in the two pasture sites. Habitat‐dependent abundance and richness were driven by individual bumble bee species habitat preferences.
Across habitats, native Monarda fistulosa was highly favoured by foraging bumble bees, particularly by the regionally declining B. auricomus. In the absence of native species, exotic Trifolium pratense and Daucus carota were important forage sources in pastures.
These results indicate that grassland management practises to shift grassland plant communities towards native‐dominant over exotic‐dominant communities may strengthen bumble bee populations, although these effects will likely be Bombus species‐dependent. Our findings highlight the need to understand the impacts of habitat on specific bumble bee species, as this will be critical in developing conservation plans for declining populations now and in the future.
Biases of Odonata in Habitats Directive: Trends, trend drivers, and conservation status of European threatened Odonata
Authors: Tang Dorothy Hok Yau , Visconti Piero 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Dragonflies and damselflies, within the order of Odonata, are important ecological indicators with widely recognised conservation value. They are generally better researched and protected than other invertebrates, yet, they have received limited protection from the European Union (EU)'s Habitats Directive, which serves as the major legislative tool for species conservation in Europe.
We reviewed the conservation status and trends, legal protection status, and knowledge gaps of Odonates within the EU. Among the 22 threatened and 27 endemic species in EU, respectively 19 and 11 of them are not protected by the Directive. Out of the 35 species which are threatened and/or listed on the Annexes, 61.5% of them are declining.
Nevertheless, threatened non‐Annex species are more likely to have a decreasing population trend than Annex species. There are also 26% of threatened non‐Annex species with unknown trends. Inaccuracies in evaluating Odonata trends are also revealed due to the lack of standardised methodology and incomplete surveys.
Moreover, most conservation research focuses on climate change's effects on range shift, therefore knowledge gaps exist in understating how water and habitat qualities, the most important Odonate trend drivers, shape Odonata conservation status.
There is an urgent need to revise the legal protection status of Odonata in Europe, for instance by revising the EU Habitats Directive Annexes to include threatened damselflies and dragonflies.
There is also an urgent need for systematic, standardised, and regular survey to be able to investigate trends and drivers of change to identify priority conservation actions.
Relevance of collagen solubility and gelatinolytic proteinase activity for texture softening in chilled grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) fillets
Authors: Shen Jiandong , Yu Dawei , Gao Pei , Xu Yanshun , Jiang Qixing , Xia Wenshui 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThe aim of the present study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms of softening texture in chilled grass carp filletsunderpinning collagen solubility, gelatinolytic proteinase activity and physicochemical parameters. Acid‐soluble collagen (ASC) and heat soluble collagen (HSC) increased markedly, while a significant decline was detected in total collagen and insoluble collagen (ISC) during the first 3 days of storage, coinciding with a loss of shear force and water‐holding capacity (WHC) (P < 0.05). Moreover, the activity of gelatinolytic proteinases was gradually activated and reached the peak at day 3 (P < 0.05). Pearson coefficient analysis showed that gelatinolytic proteinase activity revealed a significant correlation with collagen solubility. Total collagen, ASC, ISC and HSC were significantly correlated with shear force and WHC. Our study clarified that the increase of collagen solubility by gelatinolytic proteinases played an important role for texture softening in the early stage of chilled grass carp fillets.
Phosphoinositide‐dependent Kinase‐1 (PDPK1) regulates serum/glucocorticoid‐regulated Kinase 3 (SGK3) for prostate cancer cell survival
Authors: Nalairndran Geetha , Hassan Abdul Razack Azad , Mai Chun‐Wai , Fei‐Lei Chung Felicia , Chan Kok‐Keong , Hii Ling‐Wei , Lim Wei‐Meng , Chung Ivy , Leong Chee‐Onn 
Published: September 2020

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy and is the second leading cause of cancer among men globally. Using a kinome‐wide lentiviral small‐hairpin RNA (shRNA) library screen, we identified phosphoinositide‐dependent kinase‐1 (PDPK1) as a potential mediator of cell survival in PCa cells. We showed that knock‐down of endogenous human PDPK1 induced significant tumour‐specific cell death in PCa cells (DU145 and PC3) but not in the normal prostate epithelial cells (RWPE‐1). Further analyses revealed that PDPK1 mediates cancer cell survival predominantly via activation of serum/glucocorticoid‐regulated kinase 3 (SGK3). Knock‐down of endogenous PDPK1 in DU145 and PC3 cells significantly reduced SGK3 phosphorylation while ectopic expression of a constitutively active SGK3 completely abrogated the apoptosis induced by PDPK1. In contrast, no such effect was observed in SGK1 and AKT phosphorylation following PDPK1 knock‐down. Importantly, PDPK1 inhibitors (GSK2334470 and BX‐795) significantly reduced tumour‐specific cell growth and synergized docetaxel sensitivity in PCa cells. In summary, our results demonstrated that PDPK1 mediates PCa cells’ survival through SGK3 signalling and suggest that inactivation of this PDPK1‐SGK3 axis may potentially serve as a novel therapeutic intervention for future treatment of PCa.
Effect of moderate hydrostatic pressures on the enzymatic activity and bioactive composition of pineapple by‐products
Authors: Santos Diana I. , Pinto Carlos A. , Corrêa‐Filho Luiz C. , Saraiva Jorge A. , Vicente António A. , Moldão‐Martins Margarida 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe application of abiotic stresses by moderate hydrostatic pressures (MHP) is still underdeveloped. Abiotic stresses allow activating the enzymatic complexes inducing the synthesis of de novo bioactive compounds. Pineapple by‐products are rich in bromelain and bioactive compounds that can be enhanced through abiotic stresses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of MHP on the enzymatic activity of pineapple by‐products. Pineapple by‐products were submitted to MHP (50–400 MPa between 1 and 15 min) according to a central composite factorial design matrix. Samples were stored at 5 ± 1°C for 24 hr, to allow enzymatic activity to occur. Enzymatic and antioxidant activities and total phenolic compounds (TPC) were quantified. MHP promoted a 262% increase in the phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase activity and 36% increase in TPC, in shell samples. In core the activity of bromelain increased 350%. These results pinpoint the potential to increase the value of pineapple by‐products by enhancing the amounts of bioactive compounds through MHP application.Practical applicationAbiotic stresses can enhance enzyme activity, inducing the synthesis of bioactive compounds in living tissues. Hydrostatic pressure is an innovative nonthermal process that can be used to stabilize or increase enzymes' activity present in by‐products generated in the minimally processed fruit and vegetables industry. Moderate hydrostatic pressure (MHP) act as abiotic stress inducing de novo phenols synthesis and enhancing bromelain activity. After treatment, enriched material could be stabilized and then blended with foods and beverages to improve nutraceutical properties and help in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. The study demonstrates that MHP (150–250 MPa) applied to the pineapple core and pineapple shell produce a phenolic and bromelain rich product.
Examination of how social media can inform the management of volunteers during a flood disaster
Authors: Sharp Elizabeth N. , Carter Holly 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis research examines the ways in which social media is used to organize and manage volunteers during a flood. Flooding is currently one of the top risks highlighted within the UK National Risk Register and ways to help those affected need to be explored further. Social media is a valuable tool in disaster management as it enables information to be passed quickly and effectively to its target audience. Through semi‐structured interviews with those who have experienced a flood disaster or worked during a flood recovery, we examined the potential role of social media, as well as traditional media, before, during, and in response to a flood. Interviews showed that the use of social media during a flood saved time and reached a larger audience than traditional media outlets (i.e., email, telephone). Social media was reported to be particularly useful for facilitating recruitment and management of volunteers, and for gathering equipment required during the recovery phase of a flood disaster. Our findings demonstrate that social media can play a crucial role in facilitating effective organization and management of volunteers during flood disasters.
The expression and clinical significance of an Epithelial‐Mesenchymal Transition inducer, SNAI1, in head and neck carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Houyu , Ling Junjun , Huang Yi , Chang Aoshuang , Zhuo Xianlu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundSNAI1 is an epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) inducer, which has been indicated to play a role in the progression of cancers. We aimed to evaluate the expression and prognostic roles of SNAI1 in head and neck carcinoma (HNC).MethodsThe study involved two major phases. In the in silico phase, the SNAI1 expression and its association with clinical features as well as its prognostic values were assessed; then, the target genes of SNAI1 were predicted and the relationship between SNAI1 expression and immune cell infiltration was evaluated. In the validation phase, a cohort of a tissue microarray (47 cases) and a cohort of HNC patients (68 cases) were enrolled. SNAI1 was detected by using an immunochemistry assay.ResultsThe in silico analysis showed that overexpression of SNAI1 in HNC tissues may be correlated with metastatic lymph node numbers and may predict poor outcomes. Six genes, including CREB3L1, MITF, KLF9, RARA, KLF7, and ETV1, were predicted to be the target genes of SNAI1. The expression of SNAI1 was negatively correlated with tumor purity of HNC, while it was positively correlated with the infiltration of diverse immune cells, such as B cells and macrophages. In the validation phase, the relationships of SNAI1 expression with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis were verified.ConclusionOverexpression of SNAI1 might promote lymph node metastasis through complex molecular mechanisms and act as a prognostic indicator in HNC. SNAI1 expression may have a correlation with immune cell infiltrates. Future studies are needed to address these points.
GES: A validated simple score to predict the risk of HCC in patients with HCV‐GT4‐associated advanced liver fibrosis after oral antivirals
Authors: Shiha Gamal , Waked Imam , Soliman Reham , Elbasiony Mohamed , Gomaa Asmaa , Mikhail Nabiel N. H. , Eslam Mohammed 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk persists after hepatitis C virus (HCV) eradication with direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs), particularly in patients with cirrhosis. Identifying those who are likely to develop HCC is a critical unmet medical need. Our aim is to develop a score that offers individualized patient HCC risk prediction.MethodsThis two‐centre prospective study included 4400 patients, with cirrhosis and advanced fibrosis who achieved a sustained virologic response (SVR), including 2372 patients (derivation cohort). HCC‐associated factors were identified by multivariable Cox regression analysis to develop a scoring model for prediction of HCC risk; and subsequently internally and externally validated in two independent cohorts of 687 and 1341 patients.ResultsIn the derivation cohort, the median follow‐up was 23.51 ± 8.21 months, during which 109 patients (4.7%) developed HCC. Age, sex, serum albumin, α fetoprotein and pretreatment fibrosis stage were identified as risk factors for HCC. A simple predictive model (GES) score was constructed. The 2‐year cumulative HCC incidence using Kaplan‐Meier method was 1.2%, 3.3% and 7.1% in the low‐risk, medium‐risk and high‐risk groups respectively. Internal and external validation showed highly significant difference among the three risk groups (P < .001) with regard to cumulative HCC risk. GES score has high predictive ability value (Harrell's C statistic 0.801), that remained robustly consistent across two independent validation cohorts (Harrell's C statistic 0.812 and 0.816).ConclusionGES score is simple with validated good predictive ability for the development of HCC after eradication of HCV and may be useful for HCC risk stratification in those patients.
The younger the milder clinical course of COVID‐19: Even in newborns?
Authors: Leung Char 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundMilder symptoms were observed in children with COVID‐19. However, whether this also holds true for neonates is not known.MethodsThe clinical data of a total of 3213 patients aged 2 years or below, including 749 neonates, in Brazil nationwide were studied. Comparisons were made between neonate and infant patients by conducting statistical tests.ResultsNeonates appeared to bear more severe clinical courses. In addition to higher case fatality rates, newborns with COVID‐19 had much shorter time from symptom onset to death and longer time from symptom onset to discharge. Dyspnoea, sore throat and cough were more prominent in neonate patients, suggestive of both upper and lower respiratory tract infection, as opposed to upper respiratory tract symptoms mostly observed in children.ConclusionFindings suggested that trained immunity provides a possible explanation because the innate immune system in newborns is not “well‐trained” while that in adult tends to hyperactive.