bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The political economy of places from a Sustainable Human Development perspective: the case of Emilia-Romagna
Authors: Bianchi Patrizio , Biggeri Mario , Ferrannini Andrea 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this article, we discuss how integrated industrial policy can simultaneously pursue value-added generation and productivity enhancement in regional economies, along with inclusiveness and social cohesion. Our arguments are rooted in the integration of the literature on human development and capability approach, on economic geography and on industrial policy. In particular, we introduce a people-centred and place-based perspective on Sustainable Human Development and an interpretative political economy framework for the structural analysis of collective action in places. These arguments are illustrated by analysing recent industrial policies for a new social cohesion in the Emilia-Romagna region in Italy.
Transcriptome and proteome mapping in the sheep atria reveal molecular featurets of atrial fibrillation progression
Authors: Alvarez-Franco Alba , Rouco Raquel , Ramirez Rafael J , Guerrero-Serna Guadalupe , Tiana Maria , Cogliati Sara , Kaur Kuljeet , Saeed Mohammed , Magni Ricardo , Enriquez Jose Antonio , Sanchez-Cabo Fatima , Jalife José , Manzanares Miguel 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Aims
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a progressive cardiac arrhythmia that increases the risk of hospitalization and adverse cardiovascular events. There is a clear demand for more inclusive and large-scale approaches to understand the molecular drivers responsible for AF, as well as the fundamental mechanisms governing the transition from paroxysmal to persistent and permanent forms. In this study, we aimed to create a molecular map of AF and find the distinct molecular programmes underlying cell type-specific atrial remodelling and AF progression.

Methods and results
We used a sheep model of long-standing, tachypacing-induced AF, sampled right and left atrial tissue, and isolated cardiomyocytes (CMs) from control, intermediate (transition), and late time points during AF progression, and performed transcriptomic and proteome profiling. We have merged all these layers of information into a meaningful three-component space in which we explored the genes and proteins detected and their common patterns of expression. Our data-driven analysis points at extracellular matrix remodelling, inflammation, ion channel, myofibril structure, mitochondrial complexes, chromatin remodelling, and genes related to neural function, as well as critical regulators of cell proliferation as hallmarks of AF progression. Most important, we prove that these changes occur at early transitional stages of the disease, but not at later stages, and that the left atrium undergoes significantly more profound changes than the right atrium in its expression programme. The pattern of dynamic changes in gene and protein expression replicate the electrical and structural remodelling demonstrated previously in the sheep and in humans, and uncover novel mechanisms potentially relevant for disease treatment.

Conclusions
Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of AF progression in a large animal model shows that significant changes occur at early stages, and that among others involve previously undescribed increase in mitochondria, changes to the chromatin of atrial CMs, and genes related to neural function and cell proliferation.
Genetic deletion of p66shc and/or cyclophilin D results in decreased pulmonary vascular tone
Authors: Gierhardt Mareike , Pak Oleg , Sydykov Akylbek , Kraut Simone , Schäffer Julia , Garcia Claudia , Veith Christine , Zeidan Esraa M , Brosien Monika , Quanz Karin , Esfandiary Azadeh , Saraji Alireza , Hadzic Stefan , Kojonazarov Baktybek , Wilhelm Jochen , Ghofrani Hossein A , Schermuly Ralph T , Seeger Werner , Grimminger Friedrich , Herden Christiane , Schulz Rainer , Weissmann Norbert , Heger Jacqueline , Sommer Natascha 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Aims
The pulmonary vascular tone and hypoxia-induced alterations of the pulmonary vasculature may be regulated by the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore (mPTP) that controls mitochondrial calcium load and apoptosis. We thus investigated, if the mitochondrial proteins p66shc and cyclophilin D (CypD) that regulate mPTP opening affect the pulmonary vascular tone.

Methods and results
Mice deficient for p66shc (p66shc−/−), CypD (CypD−/−), or both proteins (p66shc/CypD−/−) exhibited decreased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) compared to wild-type mice determined in isolated lungs and in vivo. In contrast, systemic arterial pressure was only lower in CypD−/− mice. As cardiac function and pulmonary vascular remodelling did not differ between genotypes, we determined alterations of vascular contractility in isolated lungs and calcium handling in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) as underlying reason for decreased PVR. Potassium chloride (KCl)-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction and KCl-induced cytosolic calcium increase determined by Fura-2 were attenuated in all gene-deficient mice. In contrast, KCl-induced mitochondrial calcium increase determined by the genetically encoded Mito-Car-GECO and calcium retention capacity were increased only in CypD−/− and p66shc/CypD−/− mitochondria indicating that decreased mPTP opening affected KCl-induced intracellular calcium peaks in these cells. All mouse strains showed a similar pulmonary vascular response to chronic hypoxia, while acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction was decreased in gene-deficient mice indicating that CypD and p66shc regulate vascular contractility but not remodelling.

Conclusions
We conclude that p66shc specifically regulates the pulmonary vascular tone, while CypD also affects systemic pressure. However, only CypD acts via regulation of mPTP opening and mitochondrial calcium regulation.
Concrete Poetry and Scottish Women’s Writing: The Case of Veronica Forrest-Thomson
Authors: Thomas Greg 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article explores the relationship between concrete poetry and women’s writing, focusing especially on the concrete-influenced work of the Scottish poet and literary critic Veronica Forrest-Thomson. I initially acknowledge the male-dominated nature of the concrete poetry movement, consider some sociological reasons for the exclusion of women from the movement, and bring to light some examples of women creatively involved with concrete poetry. I then explore Forrest-Thomson’s early concrete-influenced verse and argue that Forrest-Thomson’s willingness and ability to experiment with concrete and other late-modernist literary styles reflected an exceptional degree of intellectual and economic independence. Finally, I consider the possibility that the term “Scottish women’s poetry” sometimes indicates a resistance to intellectually adventurous work such as Forrest-Thomson’s.
Different left ventricular remodelling patterns and clinical outcomes between non-ischaemic and ischaemic aetiologies in heart failure patients receiving sacubitril/valsartan treatment
Authors: Lee Ying-Hsiang , Chiou Wei-Ru , Hsu Chien-Yi , Lin Po-Lin , Liang Huai-Wen , Chung Fa-Po , Liao Chia-Te , Lin Wen-Yu , Chang Hung-Yu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Aims
Although the beneficial effect of sacubitril/valsartan (SAC/VAL) compared to enalapril was consistent across ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) and non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) groups, the PARADIGM-HF study did not analyse the effect of ventricular remodelling on patients with different aetiologies, which may affect clinical treatment outcomes. This study aimed to compare left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) following SAC/VAL treatment and its association with clinical outcomes.

Methods and results
A total of 1576 patients were analysed. Patients were grouped by LVEF changes following SAC/VAL treatment for 8-month period. LVEF improvement ≥15% was defined as ‘significant improvement’, and &lt;5% or worse was classified as ‘lack of improvement’. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death and unplanned hospitalization for heart failure. Patients with NICM had lower baseline LVEF but improvement was significantly greater comparing to those with ICM (baseline 28.0 ± 7.7% vs. 30.1 ± 7.1%, P &lt; 0.001, LVEF increase of 11.1 ± 12.6% vs. 6.7 ± 10.2%, P &lt; 0.001). The effect of functional improvement of SAC/VAL on NICM patients showed bimodal distribution. Primary endpoints were inversely associated with LVEF changes in NICM patients: adjusted hazard ratio was 0.42 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.31–0.58, P &lt; 0.001] for NICM patients with significant improvement, and was 1.73 (95% CI 1.38–2.16, P &lt; 0.001) for NICM patients but lack of improvement. Primary endpoints of ICM patients did not demonstrate an association with LVEF changes.

Conclusion
Patients with NICM had higher degree of LVEF improvement than those with ICM following SAC/VAL treatment, and significant improvement of LVEF in NICM patients indicates favourable outcome.
Comparing Occupational Adaptation-Based and Traditional Training Programs for Dementia Care Teams: An Embedded Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: McKay M Heather , Pickens Noralyn D , Medley Ann , Cooper David , Evetts Cynthia L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
With a growing demand for a dementia-capable workforce, attention shifts from disseminating knowledge of care strategies to facilitating teams translating knowledge into practice. Occupational Adaptation (OA) is a theoretical framework used to facilitate people resolving real-world challenges through active problem-solving, using relative mastery as its measure. This pilot study evaluated if and how OA-based training improves dementia care teams’ relative mastery and team development more than a skills-based (SB) program.

Research Design and Methods
We report results of an embedded mixed-methods study with 28 employees of a continuing care retirement community (2 groups randomly assigned to 9-week programs). Data collection entailed 2 surveys conducted pre-, mid-, and postintervention; observations; journals; and follow-up interviews. We extended beyond quantitative and qualitative analyses with cross-cutting analyses exploring exemplar and exceptional cases.

Results
The OA group reported significantly greater improvements in relative mastery and team development (p &lt; .05). Qualitative data supported the statistical findings and illuminated processes that led OA to outperform SB. OA participants, those who analyzed real cases and alternated collaborative planning with cooperative action, were more likely to indicate pre–post differences in relative mastery and team development.

Discussion and Implications
We identified features of the OA program that diverse participants deemed effective; features that suggest how OA could underpin clinically relevant learning for workers. Further research is required to develop evidence of clinical effectiveness; however, our findings have relevance for agencies wishing to promote knowledge translation and collaborative problem-solving in dementia workforce training.
Iterative solution of the Lippmann–Schwinger equation in strongly scattering acoustic media by randomized construction of preconditioners
Authors: Eikrem Kjersti Solberg , Nævdal Geir , Jakobsen Morten 
Published: October 2020

SUMMARY
In this work the Lippmann–Schwinger equation is used to model seismic waves in strongly scattering acoustic media. We consider the Helmholtz equation, which is the scalar wave equation in the frequency domain with constant density and variable velocity, and transform it to an integral equation of the Lippmann–Schwinger type. To directly solve the discretized problem with matrix inversion is time-consuming, therefore we use iterative methods. The Born series is a well-known scattering series which gives the solution with relatively small cost, but it has limited use as it only converges for small scattering potentials. There exist other scattering series with preconditioners that have been shown to converge for any contrast, but the methods might require many iterations for models with high contrast. Here we develop new preconditioners based on randomized matrix approximations and hierarchical matrices which can make the scattering series converge for any contrast with a low number of iterations. We describe two different preconditioners; one is best for lower frequencies and the other for higher frequencies. We use the fast Fourier transform both in the construction of the preconditioners and in the iterative solution, and this makes the methods efficient. The performance of the methods are illustrated by numerical experiments on two 2-D models.
Nonlinear full waveform inversion of wide-aperture OBS data for Moho structure using a trans-dimensional Bayesian method
Authors: Guo Peng , Singh Satish C , Vaddineni Venkata A , Visser Gerhard , Grevemeyer Ingo , Saygin Erdinc 
Published: October 2020

SUMMARY
Seismic full waveform inversion (FWI) is a powerful method for estimating quantitative subsurface physical parameters from seismic data. As the FWI is a nonlinear problem, the linearized approach updates model iteratively from an initial model, which can get trapped in local minima. In the presence of a high-velocity contrast, such as at Moho, the reflection coefficient and recorded waveforms from wide-aperture seismic acquisition are extremely nonlinear around critical angles. The problem at the Moho is further complicated by the interference of lower crustal (Pg) and upper mantle (Pn) turning ray arrivals with the critically reflected Moho arrivals (PmP). In order to determine velocity structure near Moho, a nonlinear method should be used. We propose to solve this strong nonlinear FWI problem at Moho using a trans-dimensional Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method, where the earth model between lower crust and upper mantle is ideally parametrized with a 1-D assumption using a variable number of velocity interfaces. Different from common MCMC methods that require determining the number of unknown as a fixed prior before inversion, trans-dimensional MCMC allows the flexibility for an automatic estimation of both the model complexity (e.g. the number of velocity interfaces) and the velocity–depth structure from the data. We first test the algorithm on synthetic data using four representative Moho models and then apply to an ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) data from the Mid-Atlantic Ocean. A 2-D finite-difference solution of an acoustic wave equation is used for data simulation at each iteration of MCMC search, for taking into account the lateral heterogeneities in the upper crust, which is constrained from traveltime tomography and is kept unchanged during inversion; the 1-D model parametrization near Moho enables an efficient search of the trans-dimensional model space. Inversion results indicate that, with very little prior and the wide-aperture seismograms, the trans-dimensional FWI method is able to infer the posterior distribution of both the number of velocity interfaces and the velocity–depth model for a strong nonlinear problem, making the inversion a complete data-driven process. The distribution of interface matches the velocity discontinuities. We find that the Moho in the study area is a transition zone of 0.7 km, or a sharp boundary with velocities from around 7 km s−1 in the lower crust to 8 km s−1 of the upper mantle; both provide nearly identical waveform match for the field data. The ambiguity comes from the resolution limit of the band-limited seismic data and limited offset range for PmP arrivals.
De novo variants in MPP5 cause global developmental delay and behavioral changes
Authors: Sterling Noelle , Duncan Anna R , Park Raehee , Koolen David A , Shi Jiahai , Cho Seo-Hee , Benke Paul J , Grant Patricia E , Genetti Casie A , VanNoy Grace E , Juusola Jane , McWalter Kirsty , Parboosingh Jillian S , Lamont Ryan E , Bernier Francois P , Smith Christopher , Harris David J , Stegmann Alexander P A , Innes A Micheil , Kim Seonhee , Agrawal Pankaj B 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Membrane Protein Palmitoylated 5 (MPP5) is a highly conserved apical complex protein essential for cell polarity, fate and survival. Defects in cell polarity are associated with neurologic disorders including autism and microcephaly. MPP5 is essential for neurogenesis in animal models, but human variants leading to neurologic impairment have not been described. We identified three patients with heterozygous MPP5 de novo variants (DNV) and global developmental delay (GDD) and compared their phenotypes and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to ascertain how MPP5 DNV leads to GDD. All three patients with MPP5 DNV experienced GDD with language delay/regression and behavioral changes. MRI ranged from normal to decreased gyral folding and microcephaly. The effects of MPP5 depletion on the developing brain were assessed by creating a heterozygous conditional knock out (het CKO) murine model with central nervous system (CNS)-specific Nestin-Cre drivers. In the het CKO model, Mpp5 depletion led to microcephaly, decreased cerebellar volume and cortical thickness. Het CKO mice had decreased ependymal cells and Mpp5 at the apical surface of cortical ventricular zone compared with wild type. Het CKO mice also failed to maintain progenitor pools essential for neurogenesis. The proportion of cortical cells undergoing apoptotic cell death increased, suggesting that cell death reduces progenitor population and neuron number. Het CKO mice also showed behavioral changes, similar to our patients. To our knowledge, this is the first report to show that variants in MPP5 are associated with GDD, behavioral abnormalities and language regression/delay. Murine modeling shows that neurogenesis is likely altered in these individuals, with cell death and skewed cellular composition playing significant roles.
Custom-made endograft with left subclavian artery branch in a patient with Takayasu aortitis complicated by type-B dissection and inflammatory involvement of the epiaortic vessels
Authors: Rizza Antonio , De Caterina Alberto R , Palmieri Cataldo , Berti Sergio 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Type-B aortic dissection in a patient affected by Takayasu disease is a rarely described condition and its management can be challenging. A 47-year-old woman with Takayasu aortitis and previous aortic valve and ascending aorta replacement was admitted to hospital for type-B aortic dissection. The recent instabilization of aortic disease, the persistence of episodes of transient chest pain and the largest size of the aneurismatic tract of thoracic descending aorta rendered an invasive approach mandatory. Since the patient presented a complete bilateral occlusion of the subclavian artery just after the origin of the vertebral artery and a subcritical, smooth, bilateral stenosis of the common carotid artery, a custom-made endograft with left subclavian artery branch was successfully positioned, thus allowing the preservation of antegrade left vertebral circulation. This is the first case reporting an entirely endovascular exclusion of type-B dissection in a patient affected by Takayasu aortitis using a custom-made endograft with a subclavian branch allowing the preservation of the antegrade flow to left vertebral artery.
Associations between mean arterial pressure during cardiopulmonary bypass and biomarkers of cerebral injury in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: secondary results from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wiberg Sebastian , Holmgaard Frederik , Blennow Kaj , Nilsson Jens C , Kjaergaard Jesper , Wanscher Michael , Langkilde Annika R , Hassager Christian , Rasmussen Lars S , Zetterberg Henrik , Vedel Anne Grønborg 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Cardiac surgery is associated with risk of cerebral injury and mean arterial pressure (MAP) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is suggested to be associated with cerebral injury. The ‘Perfusion Pressure Cerebral Infarcts’ (PPCI) trial randomized patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and/or aortic valve replacement to a MAP of 40–50 or 70–80 mmHg during CPB and found no difference in clinical or imaging outcomes between the groups. We here present PPCI trial predefined secondary end points, consisting of biomarkers of brain injury.

METHODS
Blood was collected from PPCI trial patients at baseline, 24 and 48 h after induction of anaesthesia and at discharge from the surgical ward. Blood was analysed for neuron-specific enolase, tau, neurofilament light and the glial marker glial fibrillary acidic protein. Linear mixed models were used to analyse differences in biomarker value changes from baseline between the 2 MAP allocation groups.

RESULTS
A total of 193 (98%) patients were included. We found no differences in biomarker levels over time from baseline to discharge between the 2 MAP allocation groups (PNSE = 0.14, PTau = 0.46, PNFL = 0.21, PGFAP = 0.13) and the result did not change after adjustment for age, sex and type of surgery.

CONCLUSIONS
We found no significant differences in levels of biomarkers of neurological injury in patients undergoing elective or subacute CABG and/or aortic valve replacement randomized to either a target MAP of 40–50 mmHg or a target MAP of 70–80 mmHg during CBP.
Relative impact of red blood cell transfusion and anaemia on 5-year mortality in cardiac surgery
Authors: Tran Long , Greiff Guri , Wahba Alexander , Pleym Hilde , Videm Vibeke 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOBJECTIVESThe aim was to compare the relative effects of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion and preoperative anaemia on 5-year mortality following open-heart cardiac surgery using structural equation modelling. We hypothesized that patient risk factors associated with RBC transfusion are of larger importance than transfusion itself.METHODSThis prospective cohort study, part of the Cardiac Surgery Outcome Study at St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway, included open-heart on-pump cardiac surgery patients operated on from 2000 through 2017 (n = 9315). Structural equation modelling, which allows for intervariable correlations, was used to analyse pathway diagrams between known risk factors and observed mortality between 30 days and 5 years postoperatively. Observation times between 30 days and 1 year, and 1–5 years postoperatively were also compared with the main analysis.RESULTSIn a simplified model, preoperative anaemia had a larger effect on 5-year mortality than RBC transfusion (standardized coefficients: 0.17 vs 0.09). The complete model including multiple risk factors showed that patient risk factors such as age (0.15), anaemia (0.10), pulmonary disease (0.11) and higher creatinine level (0.12) had larger effects than transfusion (0.03). Results from several sensitivity analyses supported the main findings. The models showed good fit.CONCLUSIONSPreoperative anaemia had a larger impact on 5-year mortality than RBC transfusion. Differences in 5-year mortality were mainly associated with patient risk factors.