bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A minimalistic model of bias, polarization and misinformation in social networks
Authors: Sikder Orowa , Smith Robert E. , Vivo Pierpaolo , Livan Giacomo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOnline social networks provide users with unprecedented opportunities to engage with diverse opinions. At the same time, they enable confirmation bias on large scales by empowering individuals to self-select narratives they want to be exposed to. A precise understanding of such tradeoffs is still largely missing. We introduce a social learning model where most participants in a network update their beliefs unbiasedly based on new information, while a minority of participants reject information that is incongruent with their preexisting beliefs. This simple mechanism generates permanent opinion polarization and cascade dynamics, and accounts for the aforementioned tradeoff between confirmation bias and social connectivity through analytic results. We investigate the model’s predictions empirically using US county-level data on the impact of Internet access on the formation of beliefs about global warming. We conclude by discussing policy implications of our model, highlighting the downsides of debunking and suggesting alternative strategies to contrast misinformation.
Fully Untethered Battery-free Biomonitoring Electronic Tattoo with Wireless Energy Harvesting
Authors: Alberto José , Leal Cristina , Fernandes Cláudio , Lopes Pedro A. , Paisana Hugo , de Almeida Aníbal T. , Tavakoli Mahmoud 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBioelectronics stickers that interface the human epidermis and collect electrophysiological data will constitute important tools in the future of healthcare. Rapid progress is enabled by novel fabrication methods for adhesive electronics patches that are soft, stretchable and conform to the human skin. Yet, the ultimate functionality of such systems still depends on rigid components such as silicon chips and the largest rigid component on these systems is usually the battery. In this work, we demonstrate a quickly deployable, untethered, battery-free, ultrathin (~5 μm) passive “electronic tattoo” that interfaces with the human skin for acquisition and transmission of physiological data. We show that the ultrathin film adapts well with the human skin, and allows an excellent signal to noise ratio, better than the gold-standard Ag/AgCl electrodes. To supply the required energy, we rely on a wireless power transfer (WPT) system, using a printed stretchable Ag-In-Ga coil, as well as printed biopotential acquisition electrodes. The tag is interfaced with data acquisition and communication electronics. This constitutes a “data-by-request” system. By approaching the scanning device to the applied tattoo, the patient’s electrophysiological data is read and stored to the caregiver device. The WPT device can provide more than 300 mW of measured power if it is transferred over the skin or 100 mW if it is implanted under the skin. As a case study, we transferred this temporary tattoo to the human skin and interfaced it with an electrocardiogram (ECG) device, which could send the volunteer’s heartbeat rate in real-time via Bluetooth.
Genetic Spectrum of EYS-associated Retinal Disease in a Large Japanese Cohort: Identification of Disease-associated Variants with Relatively High Allele Frequency
Authors: Yang Lizhu , Fujinami Kaoru , Ueno Shinji , Kuniyoshi Kazuki , Hayashi Takaaki , Kondo Mineo , Mizota Atsushi , Naoi Nobuhisa , Shinoda Kei , Kameya Shuhei , Fujinami-Yokokawa Yu , Liu Xiao , Arno Gavin , Pontikos Nikolas , Kominami Taro , Terasaki Hiroko , Sakuramoto Hiroyuki , Katagiri Satoshi , Mizobuchi Kei , Nakamura Natsuko , Mawatari Go , Kurihara Toshihide , Tsubota Kazuo , Miyake Yozo , Yoshitake Kazutoshi , Iwata Takeshi , Tsunoda Kazushige ,   JEGC study group, Nishimura Toshihide , Hayashizaki Yoshihide , Shimozawa Nobuhiro , Horiguchi Masayuki , Yamamoto Shuichi , Kuze Manami , Machida Shigeki , Shimada Yoshiaki , Nakamura Makoto , Fujikado Takashi , Hotta Yoshihiro , Takahashi Masayo , Mochizuki Kiyofumi , Murakami Akira , Kondo Hiroyuki , Ishida Susumu , Nakazawa Mitsuru , Hatase Tetsuhisa , Matsunaga Tatsuo , Maeda Akiko , Noda Kosuke , Tanikawa Atsuhiro , Yamamoto Syuji , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Araie Makoto , Aihara Makoto , Nakazawa Toru , Sekiryu Tetsuju , Kashiwagi Kenji , Kosaki Kenjiro , Piero Carninci , Fukuchi Takeo , Hayashi Atsushi , Hosono Katsuhiro , Mori Keisuke , Tanaka Kouji , Furuya Koichi , Suzuki Keiichirou , Kohata Ryo , Yanagi Yasuo , Minegishi Yuriko , Iejima Daisuke , Suga Akiko , Rossmiller Brian P. , Pan Yang , Oshima Tomoko , Nakayama Mao , Yamamoto Megumi , Minematsu Naoko , Mori Daisuke , Kijima Yusuke , Kurata Kentaro , Yamada Norihiro , Itoh Masayoshi , Kawaji Hideya , Murakawa Yasuhiro 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBiallelic variants in the EYS gene are a major cause of autosomal recessive inherited retinal disease (IRD), with a high prevalence in the Asian population. The purpose of this study was to identify pathogenic EYS variants, to determine the clinical/genetic spectrum of EYS-associated retinal disease (EYS-RD), and to discover disease-associated variants with relatively high allele frequency (1%-10%) in a nationwide Japanese cohort. Sixty-six affected subjects from 61 families with biallelic or multiple pathogenic/disease-associated EYS variants were ascertained by whole-exome sequencing. Three phenotype groups were identified in EYS-RD: retinitis pigmentosa (RP; 85.94%), cone-rod dystrophy (CORD; 10.94%), and Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA; 3.12%). Twenty-six pathogenic/disease-associated EYS variants were identified, including seven novel variants. The two most prevalent variants, p.(Gly843Glu) and p.(Thr2465Ser) were found in 26 and twelve families (42.6%, 19.7%), respectively, for which the allele frequency (AF) in the Japanese population was 2.2% and 3.0%, respectively. These results expand the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of EYS-RD, accounting for a high proportion of EYS-RD both in autosomal recessive RP (23.4%) and autosomal recessive CORD (9.9%) in the Japanese population. The presence of EYS variants with relatively high AF highlights the importance of considering the pathogenicity of non-rare variants in relatively prevalent Mendelian disorders.
Migration tracking reveals geographic variation in the vulnerability of a Nearctic-Neotropical migrant bird
Authors: Humple Diana L. , Cormier Renée L. , Richardson T. Will , Burnett Ryan D. , Seavy Nathaniel E. , Dybala Kristen E. , Gardali Thomas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe compared the vulnerability of a Nearctic-Neotropical migrant (Swainson’s Thrush, Catharus ustulatus) for three geographically-defined breeding populations in California by linking breeding and wintering regions, estimating migration distances, and quantifying relative forest loss. Using data from light-level geolocator and GPS tags, we found that breeding birds from the relatively robust coastal population in the San Francisco Bay area wintered predominantly in western Mexico (n = 18), whereas the far rarer breeding birds from two inland populations that occur near one another in the Sierra Nevada and southern Cascades mountain ranges migrated to farther wintering destinations, with birds from the Lassen region (n = 5) predominantly going to Central America and birds from the Tahoe region (n = 7) predominantly to South America. Landscape-level relative forest loss was greater in the breeding and wintering regions of the two Cascade-Sierra populations than those of coastal birds. Longer migration distances and greater exposure to recent forest loss suggest greater current vulnerability of Cascade-Sierra birds. Our results demonstrate that for some species, quantifying migration distances and destinations across relatively small distances among breeding populations (in this case, 140–250 km apart) can identify dramatically different vulnerabilities that need to be considered in conservation planning.
Transformation Foci in IDH1-mutated Gliomas Show STAT3 Phosphorylation and Downregulate the Metabolic Enzyme ETNPPL, a Negative Regulator of Glioma Growth
Authors: Leventoux N. , Augustus M. , Azar S. , Riquier S. , Villemin J. P. , Guelfi S. , Falha L. , Bauchet L. , Gozé C. , Ritchie W. , Commes T. , Duffau H. , Rigau V.  , Hugnot J. P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIDH1-mutated gliomas are slow-growing brain tumours which progress into high-grade gliomas. The early molecular events causing this progression are ill-defined. Previous studies revealed that 20% of these tumours already have transformation foci. These foci offer opportunities to better understand malignant progression. We used immunohistochemistry and high throughput RNA profiling to characterize foci cells. These have higher pSTAT3 staining revealing activation of JAK/STAT signaling. They downregulate RNAs involved in Wnt signaling (DAAM2, SFRP2), EGFR signaling (MLC1), cytoskeleton and cell-cell communication (EZR, GJA1). In addition, foci cells show reduced levels of RNA coding for Ethanolamine-Phosphate Phospho-Lyase (ETNPPL/AGXT2L1), a lipid metabolism enzyme. ETNPPL is involved in the catabolism of phosphoethanolamine implicated in membrane synthesis. We detected ETNPPL protein in glioma cells as well as in astrocytes in the human brain. Its nuclear localization suggests additional roles for this enzyme. ETNPPL expression is inversely correlated to glioma grade and we found no ETNPPL protein in glioblastomas. Overexpression of ETNPPL reduces the growth of glioma stem cells indicating that this enzyme opposes gliomagenesis. Collectively, these results suggest that a combined alteration in membrane lipid metabolism and STAT3 pathway promotes IDH1-mutated glioma malignant progression.
Computer aided detection of tuberculosis on chest radiographs: An evaluation of the CAD4TB v6 system
Authors: Murphy Keelin , Habib Shifa Salman , Zaidi Syed Mohammad Asad , Khowaja Saira , Khan Aamir , Melendez Jaime , Scholten Ernst T. , Amad Farhan , Schalekamp Steven , Verhagen Maurits , Philipsen Rick H. H. M. , Meijers Annet , van Ginneken Bram 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThere is a growing interest in the automated analysis of chest X-Ray (CXR) as a sensitive and inexpensive means of screening susceptible populations for pulmonary tuberculosis. In this work we evaluate the latest version of CAD4TB, a commercial software platform designed for this purpose. Version 6 of CAD4TB was released in 2018 and is here tested on a fully independent dataset of 5565 CXR images with GeneXpert (Xpert) sputum test results available (854 Xpert positive subjects). A subset of 500 subjects (50% Xpert positive) was reviewed and annotated by 5 expert observers independently to obtain a radiological reference standard. The latest version of CAD4TB is found to outperform all previous versions in terms of area under receiver operating curve (ROC) with respect to both Xpert and radiological reference standards. Improvements with respect to Xpert are most apparent at high sensitivity levels with a specificity of 76% obtained at a fixed 90% sensitivity. When compared with the radiological reference standard, CAD4TB v6 also outperformed previous versions by a considerable margin and achieved 98% specificity at the 90% sensitivity setting. No substantial difference was found between the performance of CAD4TB v6 and any of the various expert observers against the Xpert reference standard. A cost and efficiency analysis on this dataset demonstrates that in a standard clinical situation, operating at 90% sensitivity, users of CAD4TB v6 can process 132 subjects per day at an average cost per screen of $5.95 per subject, while users of version 3 process only 85 subjects per day at a cost of $8.38 per subject. At all tested operating points version 6 is shown to be more efficient and cost effective than any other version.
Subwavelength-scale nanorods implemented hexagonal pyramids structure as efficient light-extraction in Light-emitting diodes
Authors: Park Jae Yong , Kim Buem Joon , Yoo Chul Jong , Dong Wan Jae , Lee Illhwan , Kim Sungjoo , Lee Jong-Lam 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSubwavelength-scale nanorods were implemented on the hexagonal pyramid of photochemically etched light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to improve light extraction efficiency (LEE). Sequential processes of Ag deposition and inductively coupled plasma etching successfully produce nanorods on both locally unetched flat surface and sidewall of hexagonal pyramids. The subwavelength-scale structures on flat surface offer gradually changed refractive index, and the structures on side wall of hexagonal pyramid reduce backward reflection, thereby enhancing further enhancement of the light extraction efficiency. Consequently, the nanorods implemented LED shows a remarkable enhancement in the light output power by 14% compared with that of the photochemically etched LEDs which is known to exhibit the highest light output power. Theoretical calculations using a rigorous coupled wave analysis method reveal that the subwavelength-scale nanorods are very effective in the elimination of TIR as well as backward reflections, thereby further enhancing LEE of the LEDs.
First mussel settlement observed in Antarctica reveals the potential for future invasions
Authors: Cárdenas Leyla , Leclerc Jean-Charles , Bruning Paulina , Garrido Ignacio , Détrée Camille , Figueroa Alvaro , Astorga Marcela , Navarro Jorge M. , Johnson Ladd E. , Carlton James T. , Pardo Luis 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGlobal biodiversity is both declining and being redistributed in response to multiple drivers characterizing the Anthropocene, including synergies between biological invasions and climate change. The Antarctic marine benthos may constitute the last biogeographic realm where barriers (oceanographic currents, climatic gradients) have not yet been broken. Here we report the successful settlement of a cohort of Mytilus cf. platensis in a shallow subtidal habitat of the South Shetland Islands in 2019, which demonstrates the ability of this species to complete its early life stages in this extreme environment. Genetic analyses and shipping records show that this observation is consistent with the dominant vectors and pathways linking southern Patagonia with the Antarctic Peninsula and demonstrates the potential for impending invasions of Antarctic ecosystems.
Inhibition of the activity of HIV-1 protease through antibody binding and mutations probed by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Badaya Apoorva , Sasidhar Yellamraju U. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHIV-1 protease is an essential enzyme in the life cycle of the HIV-1 virus. The conformational dynamics of the flap region of the protease is critical for the ligand binding mechanism, as well as for the catalytic activity. The monoclonal antibody F11.2.32 raised against HIV-1 protease inhibits its activity on binding. We have studied the conformational dynamics of protease in its free, inhibitor ritonavir and antibody bound forms using molecular dynamics simulations. We find that upon Ab binding to the epitope region (residues 36–46) of protease, the overall flexibility of the protease is decreased including the flap region and the active site, which is similar to the decrease in flexibility observed by inhibitor binding to the protease. This suggests an allosteric mechanism to inhibit protease activity. Further, the protease mutants G40E and G40R are known to have decreased activity and were also subjected to MD simulations. We find that the loss of flexibility in the mutants is similar to that observed in the protease bound to the Ab/inhibitor. These insights highlight the role played by dynamics in the function of the protease and how control of flexibility through Ab binding and site specific mutations can inhibit protease activity.
Paraventricular, subparaventricular and periventricular hypothalamic IRS4-expressing neurons are required for normal energy balance
Authors: Sutton Hickey Ames K. , Gonzalez Ian E. , Sadagurski Marianna , Rajala Michael , Lu Chunxia , Allison Margaret B. , Adams Jessica M. , Myers Martin G. , White Morris F. , Olson David P. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Understanding the neural components modulating feeding-related behavior and energy expenditure is crucial to combating obesity and its comorbidities. Neurons within the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) are a key component of the satiety response; activation of the PVH decreases feeding and increases energy expenditure, thereby promoting negative energy balance. In contrast, PVH ablation or silencing in both rodents and humans leads to substantial obesity. Recent studies have identified genetically-defined PVH subpopulations that control discrete aspects of energy balance (e.g. oxytocin (OXT), neuronal nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1), melanocortin 4-receptor (MC4R), prodynorphin (PDYN)). We previously demonstrated that non-OXT NOS1PVH neurons contribute to PVH-mediated feeding suppression. Here, we identify and characterize a non-OXT, non-NOS1 subpopulation of PVH and peri-PVH neurons expressing insulin-receptor substrate 4 (IRS4PVH) involved in energy balance control. Using Cre-dependent viral tools to activate, trace and silence these neurons, we highlight the sufficiency and necessity of IRS4PVH neurons in normal feeding and energy expenditure regulation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that IRS4PVH neurons lie within a complex hypothalamic circuitry that engages distinct hindbrain regions and is innervated by discrete upstream hypothalamic sites. Overall, we reveal a requisite role for IRS4PVH neurons in PVH-mediated energy balance which raises the possibility of developing novel approaches targeting IRS4PVH neurons for anti-obesity therapies.
The interaction between pain and attractiveness perception in others
Authors: Meng Jing , Li Xiong , Peng Weiwei , Li Zuoshan , Shen Lin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWhen considering the “beauty-is-good” stereotype, facial attractiveness should facilitate empathy for pain. On the other hand, having in mind the “threat value of pain” hypothesis, pain cues would be more salient, and thus, its processing would not suffer influence by facial attractiveness. The event-related potential (ERP) allows investigating if one of these theories could predict individuals’ responses regarding the perception of pain or attractiveness in others’ faces. We tracked 35 participants’ reactions to pictures depicting more and less attractive faces displayed in a painful and non-painful condition. Each participant completed the following two tasks when presented the images of faces: (1) the Pain Judgment Task, in which participants should rate the pain levels, and (2) the Attractiveness Judgment Task, in which participants should rate the attractiveness. Results showed that participants exhibited differences rating more and less attractive faces in the non-painful pictures, but not in the painful pictures. These results were observed in P3 and LPC amplitudes in the Pain Judgment Task, as well as in N170 and P2 amplitudes in the Attractive Judgment Task. Our results suggested that both explicit and implicit empathic pain processing inhibited the processing of attractiveness perception. These findings supported the “threat value of pain” hypothesis. Besides, in the Attractive Judgment Task, the N170 and P2 amplitudes for more attractive painful pictures were larger than those for more attractive non-painful pictures. In contrast, no significant difference was found between the amplitudes for painful and non-painful, less attractive pictures. Our findings suggest that explicit facial attractiveness processing for more attractive face images potentiates the implicit empathy for pain processing, therefore partly supporting the “beautiful-is-good” stereotype.
Comparative study of the implementation of tin and titanium oxide nanoparticles as electrodes materials in Li-ion batteries
Authors: Prado Félix del , Andersen Hanne Flåten , Taeño María , Mæhlen Jan Petter , Ramírez-Castellanos Julio , Maestre David , Karazhanov Smagul , Cremades Ana 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTransition metal oxides potentially present higher specific capacities than the current anodes based on carbon, providing an increasing energy density as compared to commercial Li-ion batteries. However, many parameters could influence the performance of the batteries, which depend on the processing of the electrode materials leading to different surface properties, sizes or crystalline phases. In this work a comparative study of tin and titanium oxide nanoparticles synthesized by different methods, undoped or Li doped, used as single components or in mixed ratio, or alternatively forming a composite with graphene oxide have been tested demonstrating an enhancement in capacity with Li doping and better cyclability for mixed phases and composite anodes.
Microstructural heterogeneity in the electrodeposited Ni: insights from growth modes
Authors: Matsui Isao , Watanabe Atsuya , Takigawa Yorinobu , Omura Naoki , Yamamoto Takahisa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMicrostructures of electrodeposited Ni were studied from the perspective of growth modes during electrodeposition. The electrodeposited Ni had a heterogeneous microstructure composed of nanocrystalline- and microcrystalline-grains. Electron backscatter diffraction analyses showed that nanocrystalline- and microcrystalline-grains were preferentially oriented to specific planes. Secondary ion mass spectrometry also revealed that coarse-grained regions had higher S content than that of finer-grained regions. Hence, microstructural heterogeneity in electrodeposited Ni is reflected by the overlap of inhibited and free growth modes. Our discussion surrounding microstructural heterogeneity also provides insight into other electrodeposited nanocrystalline systems.
Utility of Tear Osmolarity Measurement in Diagnosis of Dry Eye Disease
Authors: Tashbayev Bezhod , Utheim Tor Paaske , Utheim Øygunn Aass , Ræder Sten , Jensen Janicke Liaaen , Yazdani Mazyar , Lagali Neil , Vitelli Valeria , Dartt Darlene A. , Chen Xiangjun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe prevalence of dry eye disease is high worldwide and poses a great burden on patients’ daily lives. Accurate diagnosis of the disease is important, and it requires application of various methods. Hyperosmolarity is believed to be the disease marker and thus measuring it provides useful information. In this study we investigated utility of tear osmolarity measured with TearLab osmometer, along with other diagnostic tests (Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire, Tear film break-up time, Ocular Protection Index, Ocular Surface Staining, Schirmer I test, Meibomian gland functionality in 757 patients (1514 eyes) with dry eye disease and 29 healthy controls (58 eyes). Statistical differences between the patient group and the control group were observed for all the tests apart from tear osmolarity, regardless of cut-off value (>308 mOsm/L, >316 mOsm/L, and inter-eye difference >8 mOsm/L). Moreover, in the receiver operating characteristics curve analyses tear osmolarity measurement could not discriminate dry eye disease pathological scores. Therefore, our study suggests that tear osmolarity measured with TearLab osmometer cannot be used as a key indicator of DED.