bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐source PV‐battery DC microgrid operation mode and power allocation strategy based on two layer fuzzy controller
Authors: Pan Hao , Wang Zhen , Cheng Peng , Jia Limin , Li Qingmin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe conventional DC bus signaling (DBS) coordination control strategy for islanded DC microgrids (IDCMGs) faces challenges in coordinating multiple distributed generators (DGs) and fails to effectively incorporate the state of charge (SOC) information of the energy storage system, reducing system flexibility. In this article, a two‐layer fuzzy control‐based coordination strategy is proposed for multi‐PV islanded DC microgrids. The first layer fuzzy logic controller (FLC) quantifies and selects the optimal system operating mode, adaptively adjusting the number of PV units operating in maximum power point tracking (MPPT) mode to manage system power surplus or deficit, thereby simplifying system design and enhancing flexibility. The second layer FLC adaptively adjusts the output of distributed energy sources based on SOC and current system conditions to better align the energy storage system's output with overall system operation, resulting in at least a 4% improvement in SOC level and effectively preventing overcharging or over‐discharging issues seen in traditional control. Additionally, for PV units operating in droop mode, the droop coefficient is recalculated based on their maximum generation capacity under changing external conditions, thereby achieving more efficient power distribution and preventing system instability caused by power exceeding the limits of individual PV units. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is validated through RT‐lab hardware‐in‐the‐loop (HIL) simulations.
Expedient Access to Structural Complexity via Radical β-Fragmentation of N–O Bonds
Authors: Wang Cheng-Qiang , Feng Chao , Yang Xingheng , Zhang Chi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractStructures containing N–O bonds are well-established precursors of nitrogen- and/or oxygen-centered radicals under visible-light conditions in modern organic synthesis. Whereas both heterolytic and homolytic scissions of N–O bonds have been extensively documented, intrinsic limitations related to substrate structure somewhat restrict their broader application. This paper highlights a novel strategy that synergistically combines a radical-generation process that is independent of the substrate’s redox potential with a radical-induced β-fragmentation of the N–O bond. Subsequent manipulation of the generated nitrogen- or oxygen-centered radicals leads to the successful development of group-transfer carboamination of alkenes, ring-opening functionalization of heterocycles, and efficient trifunctionalization of nonactivated alkenes.1	Introduction2	Carboamination of Nonactivated Alkenes3	Radical-Addition-Induced Ring-Opening Functionalization of 4-Isoxazolines4	Multisite Functionalization of Alkenes by Merging Cycloaddition and Ring-Opening Functionalization5	Conclusion
Correlation between Self-Esteem and Academic Achievement among Students of a Selected Nursing College in Mangaluru
Authors: Thomas Litty , Jose Jisa , Sequera Sonia Karen Liz , Rose Anjana 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background/Objectives People with high self-esteem see themselves as capable, active individuals who can make changes through hard work and higher goals that lead to learning new things. The results in the classroom that demonstrate how successfully a student has fulfilled their learning objectives are referred to as academic achievement. It could allude to achieving major academic achievements, such as receiving a bachelor's degree. In their capacity as health advocates and qualified health care practitioners, nursing students are essential to the public health movement. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether academic achievement and self-esteem are related.
Methods The study used a correlational descriptive design. The study sample comprised 197 nursing students from a certain college. The technique of proportionate stratified sampling was employed to choose the students. A checklist of academic achievements, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and a baseline proforma were used to collect data.
Results Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in data analysis. The findings of the analysis indicated that there was a marginally favorable correlation between academic success and self-esteem among nursing students. The resulting “r” value (0.158) was statistically significant at the 0.05 level of significance. Consequently, the research hypothesis was accepted, and the null hypothesis was rejected.
Conclusion The research project found a weakly positive correlation between academic achievement and self-esteem. The resulting “r” value (0.158) was statistically significant at the 0.05 level of significance. There was a weakly positive correlation between academic achievement and self-esteem among nursing students.
Enteral Feeding in Pediatric Patients: Principles and Techniques
Authors: Sailer Anne , Boone Christine E. , Acord Michael R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractApproximately 40 to 70% of children with chronic medical disease (congenital or acquired respiratory, cardiac, and gastrointestinal disorders) experience feeding difficulties. Enteral feeding in pediatric patients can be administered through orogastric, nasogastric, nasojejunal (NJ), gastrostomy (G) and gastrojejunostomy (GJ) tubes, all of which can be safely placed by the interventional radiologist. This article reviews NJ, G, and GJ tube placement and adjunctive techniques to ensure safe and effective enteral access placement. While feeding can also be performed via a jejunostomy tube, these are less common in children and are typically placed via a surgical approach and will not be discussed in this review. Dose reduction techniques, an important consideration in pediatrics, are also reviewed.
Life-history traits of the invasive and biggest European freshwater fish, the wels catfish (Silurus glanis) show high potential for colonisation in Southern Europe
Authors: Panfili Jacques , Nicolas Delphine , Diop Khady , Crivelli Alain J. 
Published: December 2024

Context The invasive wels catfish is spreading to many European waterbodies and is the subject of controversy concerning its environmental impact. Aims The objective was to investigate its life-history traits (growth and reproduction) for the first time in southern France. Methods A culling action was used to assess the key life-history traits, using sections of pectoral spines for age and growth estimations, and gonad macroscopic examination for the reproduction parameters. Key results The biggest individual was a 227-cm male. The age was accurately estimated from clear translucent marks on spines, with a maximum of 13 years for both sexes. The growth appeared to be extremely rapid and was the highest at old ages recorded from both the native and the invasive distribution range. The length and age at first sexual maturity, 70.1 cm for 4–5-year-old females, and 54.1 cm for 2–3-year-old males, were the lowest recorded in Europe, indicating an early maturity. Conclusions The life-history parameters (rapid growth, early maturation, high fecundity) showed a very high potential for adaptation and colonisation. Implications The cost and management required to regulate the species appear not easily feasible, particularly when combined with its high growth rate.
Dispersive determination of the fourth generation lepton masses
Authors: Li Hsiang-nan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We continue our previous determination of the masses of the sequential fourth generation quarks in an extension of the Standard Model, and predict the mass m
4 (m

L
) of the fourth generation neutrino ν
4 (charged lepton L) by solving the dispersion relations associated with heavy fermion decays. The results m
4 ≈ 170 GeV and m

L
≈ 270 GeV are extracted from the dispersive analyses of the t → de
+
ν
4 and

L

−

→

ν

1

t

¯

d

decay widths, respectively, where t (d, e
+, ν
1) denotes a top quark (down quark, positron, light neutrino). The predictions are cross-checked by examining the

L

−

→

ν

4

u

¯

d

decay,

u

¯

being an anti-up quark. It is shown that the fourth generation leptons with the above masses survive the current experimental bounds from Higgs boson decays into photon pairs and from the oblique parameters. We also revisit how the existence of the fourth generation leptons impacts the dispersive constraints on the neutrino masses and the Pontecorvo–Maki–Nakagawa–Sakata (PMNS) matrix elements. It is found that the unitarity of the 3 × 3 PMNS matrix holds well up to corrections of

O
(

m

ν

2

/

m

W

2

)

, m

ν
(m

W
) being a light neutrino (the W boson) mass, whose mixing angles and CP phase prefer the values θ
12 ≈ 34∘, θ
23 ≈ 47∘, θ
13 ≈ 5∘ and δ ≈ 200∘ in the normal-ordering scenario for neutrino masses.
Optimizing proton acceleration using hollow laser pulses and a double-layer target: effects of focal spot position and polarization
Authors: Willim Camilla , Silva Luís O , Vieira Jorge 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We study the influence of hollow laser pulse settings, specifically adjustments to the focal plane and the phase structure and polarization, on the acceleration of high-energy, low-divergence proton beams from a double-layer target using a feasible laser energy (

∼

3.7

J). We investigate the laser’s relativistic self-focusing dynamics in the near-critical plasma layer of the target and examine hot electron generation and proton acceleration using three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. First, we vary the focal spot position of a tightly focused twisted driver, leading to distinct laser beam width evolution that impacts hot electron generation in the near-critical plasma, particularly in the transverse direction. The resulting proton beams differ in maximum longitudinal momentum (

0.29
−
0.35

m

i

c

) and transverse profile. The most efficient acceleration, with a cutoff energy of

⩾

40

MeV and ultra-low divergence (

⩾

25

mrad), occurs when the twisted driver is focused at the center of the target. Next, we modify the phase structure and polarization of the laser pulse, transitioning from a linearly polarized twisted beam to cylindrical vector beams with radial and azimuthal polarization, all exhibiting hollow, cylindrically symmetric intensity profiles. This change primarily affects the proton beam’s maximum energies, influenced by the ultra-relativistic direct laser-accelerated electrons, efficiently generated only by the radially polarized and twisted laser pulses. However, the bulk properties of the proton beam remain similar, as the relativistic mid-energy electrons, which sustain a strong sheath field, are the main contributors to proton acceleration in this setup.
Doping evolution of the normal state magnetic excitations in pressurized La3Ni2O7
Authors: Zhang Hai-Yang , Bai Yu-Jie , Kong Fan-Jie , Wu Xiu-Qiang , Xing Yu-Heng , Xu Ning 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The doping evolution behaviors of the normal state magnetic excitations (MEs) of the pressurized nickelate La3Ni2O7 are theoretically studied in this paper. It was found that the MEs of the parental compound have very strong dependence on the vertical momentum q

z
. For small q

z
, the low energy MEs exhibit a square-like pattern centered at (0, 0) which originates from the intrapocket particle-hole scatterings. With the increasing of q

z
, this square pattern diminishes gradually, and the MEs turn to be ruled by two new interpocket scattering modes with significantly larger intensity for q

z
around π. Hence, we have established the exotic q

z
evolution of the normal state MEs of the bilayer nickelates in the present study. Furthermore, we find that the main features of the MEs are very robust against doping. They persist in the wide hole- or electron-doping regime around the filling of n = 3.0. However, in the heavily electron-doped regime, the behaviors of the MEs change qualitatively due to the occurrence of a Lifshitz transition. With the absence of the hole γ pocket, for n = 4.0, there will exist nearly perfect nesting between the electron α and the hole β pockets guaranteed by the Luttinger theorem and the Fermi surface topology. As a result, a spin-density-wave phase was theoretically predicted to order around

(
π
,
π
,
π
)

near n = 4.0, in contrast with the parental compound which orders at

(
π

/

2
,
π

/

2
,
π
)

under ambient pressure. We expect that the doping-temperature phase diagram of the pressurized La3Ni2O7 will be explored in the near future which is helpful to unravel the intricate relation between the magnetic order and superconductivity.
Realization of robust Ohmic contact for semiconducting black arsenic by coupling with graphene
Authors: Cheng 程 Xinjuan 新娟 , Zhai 翟 Xuechao 学超 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Ohmic contacts are fundamental components in semiconductor technology, facilitating efficient electrical connection and excellent device performance. We employ first-principles calculations to show that semimetallic graphene is a natural Ohmic contact partner of monolayer semiconducting black arsenic (BAs), for which the top of the valence band is below the Fermi energy of the order of 102 meV. The Ohmic contact arises from the giant Stark effect induced by van der Waals electron transfer from BAs to graphene, which does not destroy their respective band features. Remarkably, we show that this intrinsic Ohmic contact remains robust across a wide range of interlayer distances (adjustable by strain) or vertical electric fields, whereas the weak spin splitting of the order of 1 meV induced by symmetry breaking plays little part in Ohmic contact. These findings reveal the potential applications of graphene–BAs in ultralow dissipation transistors.
Global change aggravates drought, with consequences for plant reproduction
Authors: Brunet Johanne , Inouye David W , Wilson Rankin Erin E , Giannini Tereza C 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The frequency and intensity of droughts are expected to increase under global change, driven by anthropogenic climate change and water diversion. Precipitation is expected to become more episodic under climate change, with longer and warmer dry spells, although some areas might become wetter. Diversion of freshwater from lakes and rivers and groundwater pumping for irrigation of agricultural fields are lowering water availability to wild plant populations, increasing the frequency and intensity of drought. Given the importance of seasonal changes and extremes in soil moisture to influence plant reproduction, and because the majority of plants are flowering plants and most of them depend on pollinators for seed production, this review focuses on the consequences of drought on different aspects of reproduction in animal-pollinated angiosperms, emphasizing interactions among drought, flowering and pollination.

Scope
Visual and olfactory traits play crucial roles in attracting pollinators. Drought-induced floral changes can influence pollinator attraction and visitation, together with pollinator networks and flowering phenology, with subsequent effects on plant reproduction. Here, we review how drought influences these different aspects of plant reproduction. We identify knowledge gaps and highlight areas that would benefit from additional research.

Conclusions
Visual and olfactory traits are affected by drought, but their phenotypic responses can vary with floral sex, plant sex, population and species. Ample phenotypic plasticity to drought exists for these traits, providing an ability for a rapid response to a change in drought frequency and intensity engendered by global change. The impact of these drought-induced changes in floral traits on pollinator attraction, pollen deposition and plant reproductive success does not show a clear pattern. Drought affects the structure of plant–pollinator networks and can modify plant phenology. The impact of drought on plant reproduction is not always negative, and we need to identify plant characteristics associated with these more positive responses.
Loss of glymphatic homeostasis in heart failure
Authors: Kritsilis Marios , Vanherle Lotte , Rosenholm Marko , in ‘t Zandt René , Yao Yuan , Swanberg Kelley M , Weikop Pia , Gottschalk Michael , Shanbhag Nagesh C , Luo Jiebo , Boster Kimberly , Nedergaard Maiken , Meissner Anja , Lundgaard Iben 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Heart failure is associated with progressive reduction in cerebral blood flow and neurodegenerative changes leading to cognitive decline. The glymphatic system is crucial for the brain’s waste removal, and its dysfunction is linked to neurodegeneration.
In this study, we used a mouse model of heart failure, induced by myocardial infarction, to investigate the effects of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction on the brain’s glymphatic function.
Using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and high-resolution fluorescence microscopy, we found increased solute influx from the CSF spaces to the brain, i.e. glymphatic influx, at 12 weeks post-myocardial infarction. Two-photon microscopy revealed that cerebral arterial pulsatility, a major driver of the glymphatic system, was potentiated at this time point, and could explain this increase in glymphatic influx. However, clearance of proteins from the brain parenchyma did not increase proportionately with influx, while a relative increase in brain parenchyma volume was found at 12 weeks post-myocardial infarction, suggesting dysregulation of brain fluid dynamics. Additionally, our results showed a correlation between brain clearance and cerebral blood flow.
These findings highlight the role of cerebral blood flow as a key regulator of the glymphatic system, suggesting its involvement in the development of brain disorders associated with reduced cerebral blood flow. This study paves the way for future investigations into the effects of cardiovascular diseases on the brain’s clearance mechanisms, which may provide novel insights into the prevention and treatment of cognitive decline.
Cardiac Biomarkers and Malnutrition Incidence in Community-Dwelling Older Adults without Cardiovascular Disease: The Seniors-ENRICA-2 Cohort
Authors: Fabre-Estremera Blanca , Buño-Soto Antonio , Sotos-Prieto Mercedes , Carballo-Casla Adrián , Palma Milla Samara , Rodríguez-Artalejo Fernando , Ortolá Rosario 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Given the close relationship between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and malnutrition, we examined whether higher concentrations of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), which indicate CVD risk in the general population, were prospectively associated with malnutrition incidence in community-dwelling older adults without CVD.

Methods
We used data from 1490 individuals ≥65 years from the Seniors-ENRICA-2 cohort followed up for 2.2 years. Malnutrition was evaluated by the screening Mini Nutritional Assessment—Short Form (MNA-SF) score, which consists of a short questionnaire, and a complete nutritional assessment according to the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. Associations were summarized with odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence interval (CI), obtained from logistic regression and adjusted for the main confounders.

Results
NT-proBNP was associated with higher malnutrition incidence assessed by the MNA-SF score and the GLIM criteria, with OR (95% CI) of 1.51 (1.09–2.09) and 1.43 (1.04–1.96) per one logarithmic-unit increment, respectively. Malnutrition incidence according to the GLIM criteria was also higher in participants who had elevated NT-proBNP (heart stress age-specific rule-in cutoffs) vs those who did not, with OR (95% CI) of 1.84 (1.05–3.22). hs-cTnT was not associated with higher malnutrition incidence.

Conclusions
In this cohort of older adults without CVD, NT-proBNP was associated with higher malnutrition incidence. Further research is needed to validate our findings, uncover the underlying biological mechanisms, and assess whether preventive interventions can reduce NT-proBNP concentrations and, consequently, reduce the risk of malnutrition.
Dissecting the shared genetic architecture between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Liu Zhenqiu , Chen Xiaochen , Yuan Huangbo , Jin Li , Zhang Tiejun , Chen Xingdong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Observational studies have reported a bidirectional correlation between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the shared genetic basis between the two conditions remains unclear. Using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data from European-ancestry populations, we examined the cross-trait genetic correlation and identified genomic overlaps and shared risk loci. We employed a latent causal variable model and Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to infer causal relationships. Colocalization analysis and conditional/conjunctional false discovery rate (condFDR/conjFDR) were used to identify genomic overlaps and shared risk loci. Two-step MR analysis was utilized to identify potential mediators. We observed a strong positive genomic correlation between NAFLD and T2D (rg = 0.652, P = 5.67 × 10−6) and identified tissue-specific transcriptomic correlations in the pancreas, liver, skeletal muscle, subcutaneous adipose, and blood. Genetic enrichment was observed in NAFLD conditional on associations with T2D and vice versa, indicating significant polygenic overlaps. We found robust evidence for the causal effect of NAFLD on T2D, particularly insulin-related T2D, rather than vice versa. Colocalization analysis identified shared genomic regions between NAFLD and T2D, including GCKR, FTO, MAU2-TM6SF2, and PNPLA3-SAMM50. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and insulin were partly mediated the association between NAFLD and T2D. These findings unveil a close genetic link between NAFLD and T2D, shedding light on the biological mechanisms connecting NAFLD progression to T2D.
Friends and foes: symbiotic and algicidal bacterial influence on Karenia brevis blooms
Authors: Fei Cong , Booker Anne , Klass Sarah , Vidyarathna Nayani K , Ahn So Hyun , Mohamed Amin R , Arshad Muhammad , Glibert Patricia M , Heil Cynthia A , Martínez Martínez Joaquín , Amin Shady A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) of the toxigenic dinoflagellate Karenia brevis (KB) are pivotal in structuring the ecosystem of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM), decimating coastal ecology, local economies, and human health. Bacterial communities associated with toxigenic phytoplankton species play an important role in influencing toxin production in the laboratory, supplying essential factors to phytoplankton and even killing blooming species. However, our knowledge of the prevalence of these mechanisms during HAB events is limited, especially for KB blooms. Here, we introduced native microbial communities from the GoM, collected during two phases of a Karenia bloom, into KB laboratory cultures. Using bacterial isolation, physiological experiments, and shotgun metagenomic sequencing, we identified both putative enhancers and mitigators of KB blooms. Metagenome-assembled genomes from the Roseobacter clade showed strong correlations with KB populations during HABs, akin to symbionts. A bacterial isolate from this group of metagenome-assembled genomes, Mameliella alba, alleviated vitamin limitations of KB by providing it with vitamins B1, B7 and B12. Conversely, bacterial isolates belonging to Bacteroidetes and Gammaproteobacteria, Croceibacter atlanticus, and Pseudoalteromonas spongiae, respectively, exhibited strong algicidal properties against KB. We identified a serine protease homolog in P. spongiae that putatively drives the algicidal activity in this isolate. While the algicidal mechanism in C. atlanticus is unknown, we demonstrated the efficiency of C. atlanticus to mitigate KB growth in blooms from the GoM. Our results highlight the importance of specific bacteria in influencing the dynamics of HABs and suggest strategies for future HAB management.