bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying late-stage host-seeking behaviour of Anopheles gambiae at the insecticidal net interface using a baited-box bioassay
Authors: Hughes Angela , Foster Geraldine M. , Guy Amy , Matope Agnes , Abe Mayumi , Towers David , McCall Philip J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) are losing efficacy against pyrethroid-resistant malaria vector populations throughout Africa. Safeguarding bed net efficacy, vital for effective malaria control, requires greater knowledge of mosquito–ITN interactions and how this impacts on the mosquito.

Methods
A purpose-built benchtop apparatus with a closed 10 cm cubic chamber (the ‘Baited-box’) was used to video record behaviour of individual free-flying female Anopheles gambiae during approach and blood-feeding on a human hand through untreated nets and ITNs at close range. Time and duration of defined behavioural events, and knockdown and mortality at 1- and 24-h post-exposure respectively, were recorded for pyrethroid susceptible and resistant mosquitoes.

Results
Using three human volunteers differing in relative attractiveness to mosquitoes, 328 mosquitoes were individually tested. There were no significant differences between response rates to ITNs and untreated nets (P > 0.1) or between resistant (Tiassalé) and susceptible (Kisumu) mosquito strains, at untreated nets (P = 0.39) or PermaNet 2.0 (P = 1). The sequence of behavioural events from host-seeking to completion of blood-feeding was consistent in all tests but duration and start time of events involving net contact were reduced or delayed respectively with ITNs. Blood-feeding durations at untreated nets (means from 4.25 to 8.47 min (95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.39–9.89) at 3 human volunteers) were reduced by 37–50% at PermaNet 2.0, in susceptible (mean 2.59–4.72 min, 95% CI = 1.54–5.5, P = < 0.05) and resistant (mean 4.20 min, 95% CI = 3.42–4.97, P = 0.01) strains. Total accumulated net contact was approximately 50% lower at PermaNet and Olyset ITNs (P < 0.0001) in susceptible (two of the three volunteers) and resistant mosquitoes. Times prior to first net contact were similar at untreated nets and ITNs (P > 0.2), and neither ITN type showed detectable spatial repellency. After initial contact, blood-feeding commenced later at Olyset (mean 2.76 min, 95% CI = 1.74–3.76, P = 0.0009) and PermaNet (mean 2.4 min, 95% CI = 1.52–3.33, P = 0.0058) than untreated netting (mean 0.68 min, 95% CI = 0.42–0.94).

Conclusions
The baited box offers a simple method for detailed characterization of mosquito behavioural responses to insecticidal nets, for comparing entomological modes of action between nets and for defining the behavioural responses of particular mosquito strains or populations. The device has potential as a screening assay in the search for novel net treatments and for investigations into behavioural resistance mechanisms.
Healthcare resource utilization in patients on lipid-lowering therapies outside Western Europe and North America: findings of the cross-sectional observational International ChoLesterol management Practice Study (ICLPS)
Authors: Annemans Lieven , Azuri Joseph , Al-Rasadi Khalid , Al-Zakwani Ibrahim , Daclin Veronique , Mercier Florence , Danchin Nicolas 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Few recent large-scale studies have examined healthcare consumption associated with dyslipidemia in countries outside Western Europe and North America.

Methods
This analysis, from a cross-sectional observational study conducted in 18 countries in Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, the Middle East and Latin America, evaluated avoidable healthcare consumption (defined as ≥1 hospitalization for cardiovascular reasons or ≥1 visit to the emergency room for any reason in the previous 12 months) in patients receiving stable lipid-lowering therapy (LLT). A total of 9049 patients (aged ≥18 years) receiving LLT for ≥3 months and who had had their low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) value measured on stable LLT in the previous 12 months were enrolled between August 2015 and August 2016. Patients who had received a proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor in the previous 6 months were excluded. Patients were stratified by cardiovascular risk level using the Systematic Coronary Risk Estimation chart for high-risk countries.

Results
The proportion of patients at their LDL-C goal was 32.1% for very-high risk patients compared with 55.7 and 51.9% for patients at moderate and high cardiovascular risk, respectively. Overall, 20.1% of patients had ≥1 reported hospitalization in the previous 12 months (7.9% for cardiovascular reasons), 35.2% had ≥1 intensive care unit stay and 13.8% visited the emergency room. Avoidable healthcare resource consumption was reported for 18.7% patients overall, and in 27.8, 7.7, 7.7 and 13.2% of patients at very-high, high, moderate and low risk, respectively. Across all risk groups 22.4% of patients not at LDL-C goal and 16.6% of patients at LDL-C goal had avoidable healthcare resource consumption.
Being at very-high cardiovascular risk, having cardiovascular risk factors (including hypertension and smoking), and having factors indicating that the patient may be difficult to treat (including statin intolerance, comorbidities and chronic medication), were independent risk factors for avoidable healthcare resource consumption (all p <0.05).

Conclusions
Healthcare resource consumption associated with adverse clinical outcomes was observed in patients on stable LLT in countries outside Western Europe and North America, particularly those at very-high cardiovascular risk and those who were difficult to treat.
Validation of the Chinese EORTC chronic lymphocytic leukaemia module – application of classical test theory and item response theory
Authors: Dong Dong , Jin Jun , Oerlemans Simone , Yu Siyue , Yang Shenmiao , Zhu Jianfeng , Xu Richard Huan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The association of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is rarely studied globally. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the EORTC-Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL17 [phase III]) module, a newly developed assessment on CLL patients’ HRQoL, among Chinese CLL patients.

Methods
The Chinese CLL17, comprised of three subscales (symptom burden [SB], physical condition [PC] and worries/fears [WF]), was provided by the developer team through EORTC. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted to collect data. The classical traditional theory (CTT) and the item response theory (IRT) were used to evaluate the psychometric properties of CLL17. Internal consistency reliability was determined by the Cronbach’s alpha and item-total correlation. Dimensionality was verified through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Convergent validity was also assessed. The generalized partial credit model was used for the IRT. The difficulty, discrimination, item fit, and differential item functioning (DIF) were calculated to assess the instrument’s psychometric properties.

Results
In all, 318 patients, aged between 26 and 82 years, completed the questionnaire. A good level of internal reliability was achieved (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.92). The item-total correlation coefficient ranged from 0.46 to 0.72. There was a mid-to-high correlation between CLL17 and domains of EQ-5D and QLQ-C30. The IRT model showed a satisfactory homogeneity, item fit and good discrimination of items, except for item 4, 6 and 16 (< 1.0). low information provided by item 16 and 17. SB and PC provided more information with theta > 0, whereas WF provided more information with theta < 0. Item 17 perform inconsistently for respondents from different age groups (DIF).

Conclusion
The EORTC-CLL17 Chinese version shows acceptable reliability and validity, making it a valuable instrument to evaluate the impact on the HRQoL of Chinese CLL patients.
Impact of intramuscular adipose tissue content on short- and long-term outcomes of hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastasis: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Horii Nobutoshi , Sawda Yu , Kumamoto Takafumi , Tsuchiya Nobuhiro , Murakami Takashi , Yabushita Yasuhiro , Honma Yuki , Matsuyama Ryusei , Morioka Daisuke , Akiyama Hirotoshi , Endo Itaru 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Numerous reports regarding sarcopenia have focused on the quantity of skeletal muscle. In contrast, the impact of the quality of skeletal muscle has not been well investigated.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of 115 patients who underwent initial hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastasis between January 2009 and December 2016 in our hospital was performed. Intramuscular adipose tissue content (IMAC) was used to evaluate the quality of skeletal muscle by analysing computed tomography (CT) images at the level of the umbilicus. The impact of poor skeletal muscle quality on short-term and long-term outcomes after hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastasis was analysed.

Results
Patients were divided into two groups (high IMAC and normal IMAC) according to their IMAC values, and their backgrounds were compared. There were no significant differences in most factors between the two groups. However, both body mass index (P = 0.030) and the incidence of postoperative complications of Clavien-Dindo grade 3 or worse (P = 0.008) were significantly higher in the high-IMAC group. In multivariate analyses, an operative blood loss > 600 ml (P = 0.006) and high IMAC (P = 0.008) were associated with postoperative complications of Clavien-Dindo grade 3 or worse. Overall survival and recurrence-free survival were significantly lower (P < 0.001 and P = 0.045, respectively) in the high-IMAC group than in the normal IMAC group. In multivariate analyses for poor overall survival, high IMAC was associated with poor overall survival (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
IMAC is a prognostic factor for poor short- and long-term outcomes in patients with colorectal liver metastasis.
CD13 as a new tumor target for antibody-drug conjugates: validation with the conjugate MI130110
Authors: Domínguez Juan Manuel , Pérez-Chacón Gema , Guillén María José , Muñoz-Alonso María José , Somovilla-Crespo Beatriz , Cibrián Danay , Acosta-Iborra Bárbara , Adrados Magdalena , Muñoz-Calleja Cecilia , Cuevas Carmen , Sánchez-Madrid Francisco , Avilés Pablo , Zapata Juan M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
In the search for novel antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) with therapeutic potential, it is imperative to identify novel targets to direct the antibody moiety. CD13 seems an attractive ADC target as it shows a differential pattern of expression in a variety of tumors and cell lines and it is internalized upon engagement with a suitable monoclonal antibody. PM050489 is a marine cytotoxic compound tightly binding tubulin and impairing microtubule dynamics which is currently undergoing clinical trials for solid tumors.

Methods
Anti-CD13 monoclonal antibody (mAb) TEA1/8 has been used to prepare a novel ADC, MI130110, by conjugation to the marine compound PM050489. In vitro and in vivo experiments have been carried out to demonstrate the activity and specificity of MI130110.

Results
CD13 is readily internalized upon TEA1/8 mAb binding, and the conjugation with PM050489 did not have any effect on the binding or the internalization of the antibody. MI130110 showed remarkable activity and selectivity in vitro on CD13-expressing tumor cells causing the same effects than those described for PM050489, including cell cycle arrest at G2, mitosis with disarrayed and often multipolar spindles consistent with an arrest at metaphase, and induction of cell death. In contrast, none of these toxic effects were observed in CD13-null cell lines incubated with MI130110. Furthermore, in vivo studies showed that MI130110 exhibited excellent antitumor activity in a CD13-positive fibrosarcoma xenograft murine model, with total remissions in a significant number of the treated animals. Mitotic catastrophes, typical of the payload mechanism of action, were also observed in the tumor cells isolated from mice treated with MI130110. In contrast, MI130110 failed to show any activity in a xenograft mouse model of myeloma cells not expressing CD13, thereby corroborating the selectivity of the ADC to its target and its stability in circulation.

Conclusion
Our results show that MI130110 ADC combines the antitumor potential of the PM050489 payload with the selectivity of the TEA1/8 monoclonal anti-CD13 antibody and confirm the correct intracellular processing of the ADC. These results demonstrate the suitability of CD13 as a novel ADC target and the effectiveness of MI130110 as a promising antitumor therapeutic agent.
Targeting epigenetics in sarcomas through EZH2 inhibition
Authors: Italiano Antoine 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSoft-tissue sarcomas represent a heterogeneous group of diseases with distinct genetic and clinical features accounting for up to 1% of cancer in adults and 15% of cancer in children. Epithelioid sarcoma is an extremely rare and aggressive tumor affecting young adults that is characterized by loss of INI1 expression. INI1 (SMARCB1, SNF5, BAF47) is a subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex that opposes the enzymatic function of EZH2. When INI1 loses its regulatory function, EZH2 activity is de-regulated, allowing EZH2 to play a driving, oncogenic role. Tazemetostat, a specific EZH2 inhibitor, has just been approved for patients with advanced epithelioid sarcoma and represents a new therapeutic option in this devastating disease.
Vasoplegic syndrome following cardiothoracic surgery—review of pathophysiology and update of treatment options
Authors: Busse Laurence W. , Barker Nicholas , Petersen Christopher 
Published: April 2020

AbstractVasoplegic syndrome is a common occurrence following cardiothoracic surgery and is characterized as a high-output shock state with poor systemic vascular resistance. The pathophysiology is complex and includes dysregulation of vasodilatory and vasoconstrictive properties of smooth vascular muscle cells. Specific bypass machine and patient factors play key roles in occurrence. Research into treatment of this syndrome is limited and extrapolated primarily from that pertaining to septic shock, but is evolving with the expanded use of catecholamine-sparing agents. Recent reports demonstrate potential benefit in novel treatment options, but large clinical trials are needed to confirm.
Upfront radical surgery with total mesorectal excision followed by adjuvant FOLFOX chemotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer (TME-FOLFOX): an open-label, multicenter, phase II randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lee Jii Bum , Kim Han Sang , Jung Inkyung , Shin Sang Joon , Beom Seung Hoon , Chang Jee Suk , Koom Woong Sub , Kim Tae Il , Hur Hyuk , Min Byung Soh , Kim Nam Kyu , Park Sohee , Jeong Seung-Yong , Baek Jeong-Heum , Kim Seon Hahn , Lim Joon Seok , Lee Kang Young , Ahn Joong Bae 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Preoperative chemoradiotherapy (PCRT) followed by surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy is the current standard treatment for stage II/III rectal cancer. However, radiotherapy in the pelvic area is commonly associated with complications such as anastomotic leakage, sexual dysfunction, and fecal incontinence. Recently, the MERCURY study showed that preoperative high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) helped to selectively avoid PCRT. It remains unclear whether PCRT is necessary in patients who can achieve a negative circumferential resection margin (CRM) with surgery alone and in patients with cT1–2N1 or cT3N0 without CRM involvement and lateral lymph node metastasis. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of upfront radical surgery with total mesorectal excision (TME) followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with folinic acid (or leucovorin), fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) versus the current standard treatment in patients with surgically resectable, locally advanced rectal cancer.

Methods
This study, named TME-FOLFOX, is a prospective, open-label, multicenter, phase II randomized trial. Patients with locally advanced rectal cancer will be randomized to receive PCRT followed by TME and adjuvant chemotherapy (arm A) or upfront radical surgery with TME followed by adjuvant FOLFOX chemotherapy (arm B). Clinical stage II/III rectal cancer without CRM involvement and lateral lymph node metastasis will be defined using preoperative MRI. The primary endpoint is 3-year disease-free survival (DFS). Secondary endpoints include 5-year DFS, local recurrence rate, systemic recurrence rate, cost-effectiveness, and overall survival. We hypothesized that our experimental group (arm B) will have a 3-year DFS of 75% and a non-inferiority margin of 15%.

Discussion
Identifying whether patients require PCRT is one of the critical issues in locally advanced rectal cancer. This study aims to elucidate whether PCRT may not be required for all patients with stage II/III rectal cancer, especially for the MRI-based intermediate-risk group (with cT1–2N1 or cT3N0) without CRM involvement and lateral lymph node metastasis. If the findings indicate that our proposed treatment, which omits PCRT, is non-inferior to the standard treatment, then patients may avoid unnecessary radiation-related toxicity, have a shorter treatment duration, and save on medical costs.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02167321. Registered on 19 June 2014.
Mother And late Preterm Lactation Study (MAPLeS): a randomised controlled trial testing the use of a breastfeeding meditation by mothers of late preterm infants on maternal psychological state, breast milk composition and volume, and infant behaviour and growth
Authors: Dib Sarah , Wells Jonathan C. K. , Fewtrell Mary 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundLate preterm infants suffer from more complications and are less likely to be breastfed compared to term infants and their mothers experience higher levels of stress than mothers with term infants. The physiological or hormonal responses that influence milk ejection, milk production, and/or maternal behaviour are possible mechanisms by which maternal distress could negatively influence breastfeeding success. Maternal mood might also affect infant behaviour (feeding, sleeping, and crying) through changes in milk volume and composition, and consequently breastfeeding success and infant growth. Previous research, using relaxation therapy in 64 Malaysian first-time mothers breastfeeding their full-term infants, demonstrated that the therapy was effective in reducing maternal stress and improving infant growth. We hypothesise that expected benefits are even greater in a more vulnerable population where additional breastfeeding support is especially needed, such as in mothers of late preterm infants.Methods/designThis protocol describes our randomised controlled trial that tests whether a breastfeeding meditation audio reduces maternal stress in mothers of late preterm infants in London. Home visits will be conducted at 2–3 and 6–8 weeks post-delivery. Participants will be randomised to a control group or an intervention group, where mothers will be asked to listen to a meditation tape on a daily basis while breastfeeding. The main outcomes of the intervention will be maternal stress markers and infant weight Z-score. Potential mediators will be the secondary outcomes and include breast milk macronutrient and hormone levels (ghrelin, leptin, cortisol, and adiponectin), milk volume assessed by 48-h test-weighing, and maternal engagement with the infant. Infant behaviour, including crying and sleeping, and infant appetite will be evaluated. Data about other mediators such as maternal perception of milk supply and salivary oxytocin will be collected.DiscussionWe hypothesise that the use of the breastfeeding meditation will reduce maternal stress and consequently improve infant growth mediated by changes in milk composition and volume and maternal behaviour. This study will allow us to understand the mother–infant factors that influence breastfeeding in late preterm infants and potentially identify a method that could improve mother, infant, and breastfeeding outcomes.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov,NCT03791749. Registered 1 January 2019.
Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking analysis of vaniline–benzylidenehydrazine hybrids as potent tyrosinase inhibitors
Authors: Iraji Aida , Adelpour Tina , Edraki Najmeh , Khoshneviszadeh Mahsima , Miri Ramin , Khoshneviszadeh Mehdi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this work, 11 novel compounds based on vaniline and benzylidenehydrazine structure were synthesized with various substituents on phenyl aromatic ring of the molecule and evaluated as tyrosinase inhibitors. These new derivatives showed significant anti-tyrosinase activities, among which 4i demonstrated to be the most potent compound, with IC50 values of 1.58 µM . The structure–activity relationship study of the novel constructed analogs was fully discussed. Kinetic study of compound 4i showed uncompetitive inhibition towards tyrosinase. Furthermore, the high potency of 4i was supported theoretically by molecular docking evaluations.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Molecular investigation and
genetic diversity of Pediculus and Pthirus lice in France
Authors: Amanzougaghene Nadia , Mediannikov Oleg , Ly Tran Duc Anh , Gautret Philippe , Davoust Bernard , Fenollar Florence , Izri Arezki 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Humans are parasitized by three types of lice: body, head and pubic
lice. As their common names imply, each type colonizes a specific region of the body.
The body louse is the only recognized disease vector. However, an increasing
awareness of head lice as a vector has emerged recently whereas the status of pubic
lice as a vector is not known since it has received little attention.

Methods
Here, we assessed the occurrence of bacterial pathogens in 107 body
lice, 33 head lice and 63 pubic lice from Marseille and Bobigny (France) using
molecular methods.

Results
Results show that all body lice samples belonged to the cytb Clade A whereas head lice samples belonged to Clades
A and B. DNA of Bartonella quintana was detected
in 7.5% of body lice samples and, for the first time to our knowledge, in 3.1% of
pubic lice samples. Coxiella burnetii, which is
not usually associated with transmission by louse, was detected in 3.7% of body lice
samples and 3% of head lice samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first
report of C. burnetii in Pediculus lice infesting humans in France. Acinetobacter DNA was detected in 21.5% of body lice samples, 6% of
head lice samples and 9.5% of pubic lice samples. Five species were identified with
A. baumannii being the most prevalent.

Conclusions
Our study is the first to report the presence of B. quintana in pubic lice. This is also the first report of the
presence of DNA of C. burnetii in body lice and
head lice in France. Further efforts on the vectorial role of human lice are needed,
most importantly the role of pubic lice as a disease vector should be further
investigated.