bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive value of thyroxine for prognosis in pediatric septic shock: a prospective observational study
Authors: Song Jia , Cui Yun , Wang Chunxia , Dou Jiaying , Miao Huijie , Xiong Xi , Zhang Yucai 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThyroid hormone plays an important role in the adaptation of metabolic function to critically ill. The relationship between thyroid hormone levels and the outcomes of septic shock is still unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the predictive value of thyroid hormone for prognosis in pediatric septic shock.MethodsWe performed a prospective observational study in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Patients with septic shock were enrolled from August 2017 to July 2019. Clinical and laboratory indexes were collected, and thyroid hormone levels were measured on PICU admission.ResultsNinety-three patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. The incidence of nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) was 87.09% (81/93) in patients with septic shock. Multivariatelogisticregression analysis showed that T4 level was independently associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with septic shock (OR: 0.965, 95% CI: 0.937–0.993, p = 0.017). The area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for T4 was 0.762 (95% CI: 0.655–0.869). The cutoff threshold value of 58.71 nmol/L for T4 offered a sensitivity of 61.54% and a specificity of 85.07%, and patients with T4 < 58.71 nmol/L showed high mortality (60.0%). Moreover, T4 levels were negatively associated with the pediatric risk of mortality III scores (PRISM III), lactate (Lac) level in septic shock children.ConclusionsNonthyroidal illness syndrome is common in pediatric septic shock. T4 is an independent predictor for in-hospital mortality, and patients with T4 < 58.71 nmol/L on PICU admission could be with a risk of hospital mortality.
The impact of general anesthesia on mother-infant bonding for puerperants who undergo emergency cesarean deliveries
Authors: Nitahara Kenta , Hidaka Nobuhiro , Sakai Atsuhiko , Kido Saki , Kato Kiyoko 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundMother-infant bonding is an emerging perinatal issue. While emergency cesarean deliveries are associated with a risk of bonding disorders, the mode of anesthesia used for emergency cesarean deliveries has never been studied in this context. We aimed to investigate the impact of administering general anesthesia and neuraxial anesthesia to women undergoing cesarean deliveries on mother-infant bonding.MethodsThis was a retrospective, propensity score-matched multivariable analysis of 457 patients who underwent emergency cesarean deliveries between February 2016 and January 2019 at a single teaching hospital in Japan. The Mother-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS) scores at hospital discharge and the 1-month postpartum outpatient visit were evaluated in the general anesthesia and the neuraxial anesthesia groups. A high score on the MIBS indicates impaired mother-infant bonding.ResultsThe primary outcome was the MIBS score at hospital discharge in propensity score-matched women. After propensity score matching, the median [interquartile range (IQR)] MIBS scores were significantly higher in the general anesthesia group than those in the neuraxial anesthesia group at hospital discharge [2 (1–4) vs. 2 (0–2); P = 0.015] and at the 1-month postpartum outpatient visit [1 (1–3) vs. 1 (0–2); P = 0.046]. In linear regression analysis of matched populations, general anesthesia showed a significant and positive association with the MIBS scores at hospital discharge [beta coefficient 0.867 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.147–1.59); P = 0.019] but not at the 1-month postpartum outpatient visit [0.455 (−0.134 to 1.044); P = 0.129].ConclusionGeneral anesthesia for emergency cesarean delivery is an independent risk factor associated with impaired mother-infant bonding.
Verb phrase secondary predication: Biblical Hebrew as a case study
Authors: Hatav Galia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this article, I discuss secondary predication in Biblical Hebrew, showing that contrary to what linguists such as Rothstein (2004. Structuring events. Malden, MA & Oxford: Blackwell) suggest, there are languages with verb phrases as secondary predicates.In particular, I deal with a construction in Biblical Hebrew I refer to as the double infinitive-absolute construction, where in addition to a finite verb, the sentence contains two conjoined occurrences of an infinitive absolute, where the first is of the same root and binyan (pattern) as the finite verb but deprived of temporal and agreement features, while the second is of a different root and (maybe) binyan. I show that Biblical Hebrew uses this construction to form a new complex verb with the primary predicate, such that it shares the subject or the object with the primary predicate, depicting a situation that overlaps in time with the situation depicted by the primary predicate or results from it.
Crystal structure of dichloridobis(4-chlorophenyl-κC
1)(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2
N,N′)tin(IV), C24H16Cl4N2Sn
Authors: Lo Kong Mun , Lee See Mun , Tiekink Edward R.T. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
C24H16Cl4N2Sn, orthorhombic, Pccn (no. 56), a = 19.08967(6) Å, b = 15.87805(5) Å, c = 15.13748(5) Å, V = 4588.27(3) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0173, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0474, T = 100(2) K.
Verfahren, Form, Durchsetzung: Die vernachlässigte rechtliche Seite der Wirtschaftsordnung
Authors: Podszun Rupprecht 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ökonomische Forschung zu rechtlichen Themen ist häufig stark an den Auswirkungen einer materiell-rechtlichen Regel oder dem Verteilungsergebnis eines Rechtsstreits orientiert. Das wird dem Untersuchungsgegenstand nicht gerecht, da für das Recht der Weg zur Generierung eines solchen materiellen Ergebnisses konstitutiv ist. Interdisziplinäre Forschung muss sich daher auf Verfahren, Form und Durchsetzung ebenso einlassen wie auf materielle Regelungen. Für die Ordnung der Wirtschaft sind dabei die bislang vernachlässigten privatrechtlichen (nicht öffentlich-rechtlichen) Mechanismen besonders interessant: Privatrechtliche Institutionen ordnen das Zusammenleben in ähnlicher Form wie Märkte Angebot und Nachfrage koordinieren. Werden die Eigenrationalitäten des (Verfahrens-)Rechts respektiert, von denen einige im Beitrag vorgestellt werden, kann ökonomische Forschung einen Beitrag zur Lösung zentraler rechtspolitischer Debatten leisten, etwa zur Aufladung privatrechtlicher Mechanismen mit öffentlichen Ordnungsansprüchen zur Verfahrensdauer und zum Zugang zum Recht.
On the Regulation of the International Exchange of Cultural Property
Authors: Groß Steffen W. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
With its foundation in 1945, UNESCO declared as its main purpose the promotion of international cultural exchange
UNESCO Constitution 1945, Art. I, 2 (c)
. A number of legal instruments (Conventions, Recommendations and Declarations) should duly help to substantiate that general purpose and make it work in practice. In this process, the regulation of the international exchange of cultural property plays a key role. However, the proper regulation of cultural property exchange has been a highly controversial issue. This paper focus on UNESCO's guiding ideas and conceptions of cultural property, international exchange and regulation. The central question is: Are the regulations codified in UNESCO’s Conventions and Recommendations helpful in encouraging international cultural exchange or are we faced, due to the neglect of private agents and the roles they play in cultural exchange, with some sort of one-sided regulation running counter to that aim? The author argues that UNESCO's legal instruments are driven by and express a strong anti-private and anti-market bias, which produce problematic economic incentives in the art and antiquities world to the disadvantage of the international exchange of cultural property.
Europa, der Westen und die ständige Wiederkehr der Deutschen Frage
Authors: Zöller Michael 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
In den Europawahlen dieses Jahres dominierten, besonders in Deutschland, zwei Themen, derentwegen die künftige Agenda der Europäischen Union wie auch die ungelösten Verfassungsfragen kaum noch Beachtung fanden. Zum einen schien die Gefahr des Rechtspopulismus ein Abwehrbündnis der anderen Parteiengruppen zu erzeugen, das alle sonstigen Differenzen überdeckte. Zum anderen wurde das Konstrukt der Spitzenkandidaten als eine Steigerung der Legitimität präsentiert, ohne zu klären, ob nach der Erweiterung der Europäischen Union noch die Vertiefung, die „ever closer union“ zu erwarten sei, die eine weitere Parlamentarisierung nahelegen könnte. So empfiehlt es sich, die Stadien der europäischen Einigung nachzuvollziehen, die stets hervorgehobene deutsch-französische Achse auch als den deutschen Versuch zu verstehen, Frankreich in den westlichen Strukturen zu halten und schließlich auch zu fragen, wie Europa trotz der sehr unterschiedlichen französischen und deutschen Politikstile und Denkweisen zur Weiterentwicklung westlicher Allianzen beitragen kann.
Comparative study of heat transfer enhancement on liquid-vapor separation plate condenser
Authors: Yao Yuan , Chen Ying , Chen Jianyong , Gong Yulie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBasic structures of liquid-vapor separation cooling plates (LSCPs) and a liquid-vapor separation plate condenser (LVSPC) are innovatively designed. Strengthening heat transfer principle of the LSCPs is demonstrated by theoretical analysis. The average condensation heat transfer coefficients (ACHTCs) of the LSCPs are calculated and compared with conventional cooling plate (CCP). Results show that for a laminar flow, the ACHTCs of 2-parts liquid-vapor separation cooling plate and 3-parts liquid-vapor separation cooling plate are respectively 19% and 32% higher than the ACHTCs of the CCP in the same conditions. The ACHTC ratio of N-parts liquid-vapor separation cooling plates (NLSCP) to CCP is $\sqrt[4]{N}$in the same conditions. For a turbulent flow, results show the smaller the height of condensation area, the greater the ACHTCs of cooling plate. In the LVSPC study, operation conditions include the refrigerant R134a mass flux ranging from 22 to 32 kg/(m2.s) and inlet vapor quality from 0.5 to 1 for the saturated temperature of 40∘C. Calculation results showed that the ACHTCs of the LVSPC are 6–24% higher than the ACHTCs of the given common plate condenser (CPC), and similar to the CPC, the ACHTCs of the LVSPC increases with the increase of mass flux and vapor quality.
German Adaptation of the Subjective Vitality Scales (SVS-G)
Authors: Bertrams Alex , Dyllick Thomas H. , Englert Chris , Krispenz Ann 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSubjective vitality is a positive feeling of aliveness and energy, and it is a crucial aspect of well-being. The Subjective Vitality Scales (SVS) have been developed to measure subjective vitality both at the individual difference level and the state level in English-speaking samples. We translated the SVS into German (the SVS-G) and examined their psychometric properties. In Study 1 (N=260), we found that two correlated factors (Factor 1: individual difference level; Factor 2: state level) with five items each constituted a useful structure for the SVS-G. Moreover, the scores on the individual difference scale were more stable than the scores on the state scale. We also found partial evidence for the measurement invariance over a period of three weeks. Conforming to our expectations, Study 2 (N=296) revealed that the SVS-G scores were related to positive and negative affect but could still be distinguished from the affect variables. In line with previous findings, Study 3 (N=203) showed that SVS-G scores are related to well-being variables (happiness and joviality) and the perceived capacity to actively perform effortful tasks (attentiveness and capacity for self-control). Across all the studies, the SVS-G showed satisfying inner consistency, and the two consideration levels (individual differences vs. state) could be differentiated. The initial evidence suggests that overall, the SVS-G have good psychometric properties.
Pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylates in monomeric iron complexes – structural aspects
Authors: Melník Milan , Koman Marian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis review includes 70 monomeric high-spin complexes of the following general compositions: [Fe(II)(η3-pdc)(L)3], [Fe(III)(η3-pdc)(L)3]+, [Fe(II)(η3-pdc)2]2− and [Fe(III)(η3-pdc)2]− (pdc = pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate (−2)). Each Fe(II) atom has a distorted octahedral geometry. The Fe(III) atoms have a distorted octahedral geometry (most common) and in some examples have a distorted pentagonal-bipyramidal geometry. The chelating donor ligands create varieties of n-membered metallocyclic rings: ONO, OCO, NC2N, OC2N, OC2NO and OC3O. Some cooperative effects between Fe(II) and Fe(III) complexes were found and discussed. There are complexes that are examples of distortion isomerism.
Characterization of PVC/MWCNTs Nanocomposite: Solvent Blend
Authors: Naim Abdullah F. Al , AlFannakh Huda , Arafat Samia , Ibrahim S. S. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Polyvinyl Vinyl Chloride (PVC) multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanocomposite flexible films were prepared using the solvent blend technique. Chloroform (CHCl3) and tetrahydrofuran ((CH2)4O) were used as solvents for MWCNTs and PVC, respectively. The effect of the solvents’ blend on electrical, optical and thermal properties of PVC/MWCNTs were investigated. The results of the Raman spectrum showed that all the characteristic bands of PVC polymer have a slight shift due to addition of MWCNTs. Electrical results showed that the nanocomposite samples with chloroform volume ratios of 10% and 25% had nearly the same conductivity. This is attributed to the formation of the MWCNTs network, which assisted in electrical conductivity. The I-V hysteresis curve decreases as the temperature increases and as it approaches the glass transition temperature. The non-isothermal kinetics analysis for PVC and PVC/MWCNTs were investigated by Thermogravimetry Analysis (TGA) using the model-free kinetic method. The non-isothermal measurements were carried out at five heating rates of 5 to 40∘C/min. The results show that the main decomposition process has constant apparent activation energies for all samples. The use of the bi-solvent method has improved the dispersion of untreated MWCNTs, and this has been reflected on the stability of both electrical and thermal properties.
Investigation of complex permittivity spectra of foundry sands
Authors: Bifano Luca , Fischerauer Alice , Fischerauer Gerhard 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper discusses impedance spectroscopy as a method to characterize different types of quartz sand, chromite sand, and mixtures of sand. Based on two types of measurement cells, the impedance spectra for various dry sands were measured. The spectra differ enough to allow the sands to be distinguished. The results were validated by extracting the relative permittivity from the impedance and comparing it to literature data. After that, the method could be applied with confidence to other material systems. The influence of moisture was investigated with two types of quartz sand, and typical mixtures of form sand, chromite sand, and regenerated (quartz) sand were studied. In each case, the sand composition had a distinct influence on the Nyquist plot of the impedance spectrum. Compared to results from a laboratory foundry system, the new method exhibits a much more systematic dependence on the sand composition. If one succeeds in describing the impedance spectra with an equivalent circuit model parameterized by only a few parameters, these parameters could be used to identify and classify sand mixtures in the field. This would allow one, for example, to implement feedback control strategies in foundry regeneration processes, which would stabilize the processes and improve the quality of the casting products.
Geographische Handelsforschung im Zeitalter der Digitalisierung: Eine Bestandsaufnahme
Authors: Neiberger Cordula , Mensing Matthias , Kubon Jonas 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Digitalisierung des Handels schreitet seit Mitte der 90erJahre voran, in den letzten 10 Jahren überaus dynamisch. Insbesondere der Onlinehandel steht dabei im Fokus des wissenschaftlichen wie auch des öffentlichen Interesses, wird er doch häufig für das Ladensterben in Mittel- und Kleinstädten verantwortlich gemacht. Umso verwunderlicher ist es, dass zwar die BWL, Informatik, Psychologie und andere Disziplinen eine Unmenge an Arbeiten zu diesem Thema hervorbringt, die Anzahl zumindest der deutschsprachigen geographischen Beiträge hierzu jedoch im Vergleich verschwindend gering scheinen. Dabei ist die Bedeutung raumbezogener Aspekte für die Entwicklung des Handels durchaus groß.Der Aufsatz hat es sich daher zum Ziel gesetzt, die Erträge der geographischen Forschung zum Thema Digitalisierung des Handels systematisch aufzuarbeiten und dabei die verschiedenen Ansatzpunkte und Blickwinkel zu diskutieren, Defizite aufzuzeigen und weiteren Forschungsbedarf zu formulieren. Dafür wurden insgesamt die rund 53 Beiträge ausgewertet, welche in den sechs wichtigsten deutschsprachigen humangeographischen Zeitschriften, der Reihe „Geographische Handelsforschung“ sowie 12 englischsprachigen humangeographischen Zeitschriften seit Anfang der 90er Jahre zu diesem Thema erschienen sind.
Sexualität und Religion bei jungen Muslim*innen in Deutschland in islamisch-religionspädagogischer Perspektive
Authors: Ulfat Fahimah 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Das vieldimensionale Thema Sexualität wird in Verbindung mit Religion sehr kontrovers diskutiert. Die klassische Literatur gibt einen Einblick in den offenen Umgang von urbanen Muslim*innen in der Vormoderne (bis etwa 1800) mit dem Thema Sexualität. Im 19. Jahrhundert hat sich allerdings durch die Kolonialisierung ein Wandel vollzogen, der zur Übernahme der viktorianischen Sexualmoral durch Muslim*innen führte. Moderne muslimische Diskurse über Sexualität sind relativ rar. Wie aber lassen sich die Einstellungen heutiger junger Muslim*innen zu Sexualität beschreiben? Einen Einblick in diese Frage können empirische Studien geben, die in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt werden. Sie zeigen, dass die Einstellungen der jungen Muslim*innen zu Sexualität und Geschlechterrollen noch immer tendenziell in den Traditionen und Kulturen ihrer Familien verhaftet sind. Muslimisch-emanzipatorische Diskurse stellen hingegen traditionelle Geschlechterrollen in Frage und dekonstruieren diese. Die Islamische Religionspädagogik kann durch die Entwicklung eines intersektionalen religionspädagogischen Konzepts für die Arbeit mit Gender- und Sexualitätsentwürfen Jugendlicher konstruktiv auf dieses Spannungsverhältnis reagieren.
Impairment of Pattern Separation of Ambiguous Scenes by Single Units in the CA3 in the Absence of the Dentate Gyrus
Authors: Lee Choong-Hee , Lee Inah 
Published: March 2020

Theoretical models and experimental evidence have suggested that connections from the dentate gyrus (DG) to CA3 play important roles in representing orthogonal information (i.e., pattern separation) in the hippocampus. However, the effects of eliminating the DG on neural firing patterns in the CA3 have rarely been tested in a goal-directed memory task that requires both the DG and CA3. In this study, selective lesions in the DG were made using colchicine in male Long–Evans rats, and single units from the CA3 were recorded as the rats performed visual scene memory tasks. The original scenes used in training were altered during testing by blurring to varying degrees or by using visual masks, resulting in maximal recruitment of the DG–CA3 circuits. Compared with controls, the performance of rats with DG lesions was particularly impaired when blurred scenes were used in the task. In addition, the firing rate modulation associated with visual scenes in these rats was significantly reduced in the single units recorded from the CA3 when ambiguous scenes were presented, largely because DG-deprived CA3 cells did not show stepwise, categorical rate changes across varying degrees of scene ambiguity compared with controls. These findings suggest that the DG plays key roles not only during the acquisition of scene memories but also during retrieval when modified visual scenes are processed in conjunction with the CA3 by making the CA3 network respond orthogonally to ambiguous scenes.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDespite the behavioral evidence supporting the role of the dentate gyrus in pattern separation in the hippocampus, the underlying neural mechanisms are largely unknown. By recording single units from the CA3 in DG-lesioned rats performing a visual scene memory task, we report that the scene-related modulation of neural firing was significantly reduced in the DG-lesion rats compared with controls, especially when the original scene stimuli were ambiguously altered. Our findings suggest that the dentate gyrus plays an essential role during memory retrieval and performs a critical computation to make categorical rate modulation occur in the CA3 between different scenes, especially when ambiguity is present in the environment.
Performance Evaluation of Cryogenic Treated and Untreated Carbide Inserts during Machining of AISI 304 Steel
Authors: Patil Nagraj , Gopalakrishna K. , Sangmesh B. 
Published: March 2020

The cutting tool in the machining process plays an important role as it acts on the working material. There are a few methodologies have been persued to improve tool life, for example traditional cooling, single layer coating, multilayer coating, heat treatment process, nitrogen cooling and latest being the cryogenic treatment which reported a significant improvement in cutting tool life, chip morphology, reduction in heat generation. Hence, the cryogenic treatment is emerged as the sustainable machining process. This paper presents machining of AISI 304 steel using both cryogenic treated (CT) and untreated (UT) cutting tool insert. The commercially available uncoated carbide insert has been cryogenically treated at -196°C for 24 hours soaking period. The machining test has been conducted under four different cutting speeds. The material characterization of cutting insert is studied by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), hardness test, and microscopic image analysis has been carried out before and after cryogenic treatment. The cutting tool performance is assessed in terms of of wear, cutting temperature, chip morphology, surface roughness under the influence of cryogenic machining and the results are contrast with UT one. The exploratory findings reveals that the deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) with 24 hours soaking period, performed better wear resistance and improved surface roughness of the cutting tool. Also considerable reduction in the flank wear, crater wear, cutting temperature is obtained and found improved chip morphology.