bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel hydraulic fracturing gel realization for unconventional reservoirs
Authors: Murthy R. V. V. Ramana , Chavali Murthy 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Coal bed methane reservoirs possess low to ultra-low permeability. In order to improve the production from CBM wells, stimulation techniques were deployed.

Background
This article reviews the most cost-effective, time-saving, and eco-friendly fracturing fluid which is a mix of water, guar gum, and sodium acetate. This article also provides a detailed study of hydraulic fracturing in unconventional reservoirs.

Results
Unlike using diesel, biodiesel we have prepared a cost-effective frac-fluid which is not having any smoke point which depicts it as eco-friendly fluid. In this method there is no requirement of anti-settling agents, suspending agents, emulsifiers. Gel breakers are more efficient to break the linear gel.

Conclusion
The breakers inorganic compound ammonium persulfate and hemicellulose liquid. A reaction takes place on linear gel as it breaks slowly at down hole static temperature at 50 °C and 65 °C. So, experimental studies also prove this method is applicable for unconventional reservoir operations.
Supine versus prone position in percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Birowo Ponco , Tendi William , Widyahening Indah S. , Rasyid Nur , Atmoko Widi 
Published: September 2020

Background: The decision for using supine or prone position in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is still debatable. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety profile of the supine and prone position when performing PCNL. Methods: A systematic electronic search was performed using the database from MEDLINE, Cochrane library and Google Scholar from January 2009 to November 2019. The outcomes assessed were stone free rate, major complication rate, length of hospital stay and mean operation time. Results: A total of 11 articles were included in qualitative and quantitative analysis. The efficacy of PCNL in supine position as determined by stone free rate is significantly lower than in prone position (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.66 – 0.83; p<0.00001), However, major complication rate is also lower in the supine group compared with the prone group (OR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.51 – 0.96; p=0.03). There is no statistically significant difference in the length of hospital stay and mean operation time between both groups. Conclusion: Prone position leads to a higher stone free rate, but also a higher rate of major complication. Thus, the decision of using which position during PCNL should be based on the surgeon’s experience and clinical aspects of the patients.
Pressure ulcer healing with an intensive nutrition intervention in an acute setting: a pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Banks M. D. , Ross L. J. , Webster J. , Mudge A. , Stankiewicz M. , Dwyer K. , Coleman K. , Campbell J. 
Published: September 2020

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of recruitment, retention, intervention delivery and outcome measurement in a nutritional intervention to promote pressure ulcer healing in an acute setting. Method: Some 50 tertiary hospital patients with stage II or greater pressure ulcer were randomised to receive either individualised nutritional care by a dietitian, including prescription of wound healing supplements; or standard nutritional care. Relevant nutritional and pressure ulcer (PU) parameters were collected at day 5, 10, 15, 22 and then weekly or until discharge. Results: The median length of hospital stay was 14 days (1–70) with 29 patients discharged by day 15. There were 24 patients discharged before their PU fully healed. Per cent change in valid PU area and score measures from baseline to day 15 were chosen for outcome data analysis to account for varying initial size and severity of the wound and length of stay. There was a larger percentage reduction in PU measures in the intervention group, but this was not statistically significant. Little difference was found in nutritional intake between the control and intervention groups indicating a requirement to focus on effective delivery of the intervention in future studies. Future studies in the acute setting need to account for length of stay and ideally follow patients until full healing. Conclusion: Results indicate a positive association with nutrition intervention and PU healing and that a rigorously designed and adequately powered study is feasible.
Clinical effectiveness of a silicone foam dressing for the prevention of heel pressure ulcers in critically ill patients: Border II Trial
Authors: Santamaria N. , Gerdtz M. , Liu W. , Rakis S. , Sage S. , Ng A. W. , Tudor H. , McCann J. , Vassiliou T. , Morrow F. , Smith K. , Knott J. , Liew D. 
Published: September 2020

• Objective: Critically ill patients are at high risk of developing pressure ulcers (PU), with the sacrum and heels being highly susceptible to pressure injuries. The objective of our study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of a new multi-layer, self-adhesive soft silicone foam heel dressing to prevent PU development in trauma and critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). • Method: A cohort of critically ill patients were enrolled at the Royal Melbourne Hospital. Each patient had the multi-layer soft silicone foam dressing applied to each heel on admission to the emergency department. The dressings were retained with a tubular bandage for the duration of the patients' stay in the ICU. The skin under the dressings was examined daily and the dressings were replaced every three days. The comparator for our cohort study was the control group from the recently completed Border Trial. • Results: Of the 191 patients in the initial cohort, excluding deaths, loss to follow-up and transfers to another ward, 150 patients were included in the final analysis. There was no difference in key demographic or physiological variables between the cohorts, apart from a longer ICU length of stay for our current cohort. No PUs developed in any of our intervention cohort patients compared with 14 patients in the control cohort (n=152; p<0.001) who developed a total of 19 heel PUs. • Conclusion: We conclude, based on our results, that the multi-layer soft silicone foam dressing under investigation was clinically effective in reducing ICU-acquired heel PUs. The findings also support previous research on the clinical effectiveness of multi-layer soft silicone foam dressings for PU prevention in the ICU.
Elective orthopaedic surgery with a designated COVID-19-free pathway results in low perioperative viral transmission rates
Authors: Chang Justin S. , Wignadasan Warran , Pradhan Raj , Kontoghiorghe Christina , Kayani Babar , Haddad Fares S. 
Published: September 2020

Aims The safe resumption of elective orthopaedic surgery following the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic remains a significant challenge. A number of institutions have developed a COVID-free pathway for elective surgery patients in order to minimize the risk of viral transmission. The aim of this study is to identify the perioperative viral transmission rate in elective orthopaedic patients following the restart of elective surgery. Methods This is a prospective study of 121 patients who underwent elective orthopaedic procedures through a COVID-free pathway. All patients underwent a 14-day period of self-isolation, had a negative COVID-19 test within 72 hours of surgery, and underwent surgery at a COVID-free site. Baseline patient characteristics were recorded including age, American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) grade, body mass index (BMI), procedure, and admission type. Patients were contacted 14 days following discharge to determine if they had had a positive COVID-19 test (COVID-confirmed) or developed symptoms consistent with COVID-19 (COVID-19-presumed). Results The study included 74 females (61.2%) and 47 males (38.8%) with a mean age of 52.3 years ± 17.6 years (18 to 83 years). The ASA grade was grade I in 26 patients (21.5%), grade II in 70 patients (57.9%), grade III in 24 patients (19.8%), and grade IV in one patient (0.8%). A total of 18 patients (14.9%) had underlying cardiovascular disease, 17 (14.0%) had pulmonary disease, and eight (6.6%) had diabetes mellitus. No patients (0%) had a positive COVID-19 test in the postoperative period. One patient (0.8%) developed anosmia postoperatively without respiratory symptoms or a fever. The patient did not undergo a COVID-19 test and self-isolated for seven days. Her symptoms resolved within a few days. Conclusion The development of a COVID-free pathway for elective orthopaedic patients results in very low viral transmission rates. While both surgeons and patients should remain vigilant, elective surgery can be safely restarted using dedicated pathways and procedures. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-9:562–567.
Patrones de distribución espacial en las necrópolis megalíticas de Majadillas y Hoyas del Conquín (Granada, España). Resultados preliminares
Authors: Cabrero González Carolina , Cámara Serrano Juan Antonio , Esquivel Guerrero José Antonio 
Published: September 2020

En el presente trabajo se estudia a través de diversos análisis SIG y estadísticos la organización de las necrópolis megalíticas del río Gor, tomando como muestra dos conjuntos especialmente destacables dentro de las mismas: Majadillas y Hoyas del Conquín. A partir de los análisis llevados a cabo podemos observar que existe una planificación en la ubicación de los monumentos, así como ciertas variables que parecen indicar unos patrones de uso cambiantes a lo largo de la horquilla temporal en la que funcionaron los megalitos del río Gor como depósitos funerarios (finales del Neolítico – Edad del Bronce). Entre los resultados cabe destacar la preocupación por dominar visualmente todo el valle a partir de la adición de marcadores sagrados (los dólmenes) que, aun con una visibilidad generalmente reducida desde cada uno de ellos, configuran en su conjunto un sistema totalmente articulado de control visual ritualizado.
Incidence, Factors, and Patient-Level Data for Spontaneous HBsAg Seroclearance: A Cohort Study of 11,264 Patients
Authors: Yeo Yee Hui , Tseng Tai-Chung , Hosaka Tetsuya , Cunningham Chris , Fung James Yan Yue , Ho Hsiu J. , Kwak Min-Sun , Trinh Huy N. , Ungtrakul Teerapat , Yu Ming-Lung , Kobayashi Mariko , Le An K. , Henry Linda , Li Jiayi , Zhang Jian , Sriprayoon Tassanee , Jeong Donghak , Tanwandee Tawesak , Gane Ed , Cheung Ramsey C. , Wu Chun-Ying , Lok Anna S. , Lee Hyo-Suk , Suzuki Fumitaka , Yuen Man-Fung , Kao Jia-Horng , Yang Hwai-I , Nguyen Mindie H. 
Published: September 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Spontaneous hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance, the functional cure of hepatitis B infection, occurs rarely. Prior original studies are limited by insufficient sample size and/or follow-up, and recent meta-analyses are limited by inclusion of only study-level data and lack of adjustment for confounders to investigate HBsAg seroclearance rates in most relevant subgroups. Using a cohort with detailed individual patient data, we estimated spontaneous HBsAg seroclearance rates through patient and virologic characteristics.

METHODS:
We analyzed 11,264 untreated patients with chronic hepatitis B with serial HBsAg data from 4 North American and 8 Asian Pacific centers, with 1,393 patients with HBsAg seroclearance (≥2 undetectable HBsAg ≥6 months apart) during 106,192 person-years. The annual seroclearance rate with detailed categorization by infection phase, further stratified by hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status, sex, age, and quantitative HBsAg (qHBsAg), was performed.

RESULTS:
The annual seroclearance rate was 1.31% (95% confidence interval: 1.25–1.38) and over 7% in immune inactive patients aged ≥55 years and with qHBsAg <100 IU/mL. The 5-, 10-, 15-, and 20-year cumulative rates were 4.74%, 10.72%, 18.80%, and 24.79%, respectively. On multivariable analysis, male (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.66), older age (41–55 years: aHR = 1.16; >55 years: aHR = 1.21), negative HBeAg (aHR = 6.34), and genotype C (aHR = 1.82) predicted higher seroclearance rates, as did lower hepatitis B virus DNA and lower qHBsAg (P < 0.05 for all), and inactive carrier state.

DISCUSSION:
The spontaneous annual HBsAg seroclearance rate was 1.31%, but varied from close to zero to about 5% among most chronic hepatitis B subgroups, with older, male, HBeAg-negative, and genotype C patients with lower alanine aminotransferase and hepatitis B virus DNA, and qHBsAg independently associated with higher rates (see Visual Abstract, Supplementary Digital Content 2, http://links.lww.com/CTG/A367).
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Reoperation Rate Has Decreased Over Time If Corrected by Prevalence
Authors: Santiago Mafalda , Magro Fernando , Correia Luís , Portela Francisco , Ministro Paula , Lago Paula , Trindade Eunice , Dias Cláudia Camila 
Published: September 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Despite the recent emergence of expensive biologic therapies, hospitalization and surgery remain important contributors for the overall costs of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this study, we aimed to describe the burden of reoperations in patients with IBD by evaluating reoperation rates, charges, and risk factors over 16 years.

METHODS:
We performed a retrospective analysis of all hospital discharges, with focus on reoperations and with a primary diagnosis of IBD, in public hospitals between 2000 and 2015 in mainland Portugal from the Central Administration of the Health System's national registry. We collected data on patient, clinical, and healthcare charges. We used multivariate regressions to estimate the risk factors of IBD-related reoperations.

RESULTS:
We found that 5% of IBD-related hospitalizations were related to reoperations. The number of reoperations per year increased by approximately 200%. However, when corrected by the prevalence of the disease, IBD reoperation rates decreased. Mean IBD-related charges per hospitalization were 7,780 € in 2000 and 10,592 € in 2015, with total charges reaching 6.7 million euros by the end of the study. Risk factors for reoperation include urgent hospitalization, in patients with ulcerative colitis (odds ratio 1.94, 95% confidence interval 1.19–3.17, P = 0.008), and colic disease, in patients with Crohn's disease (odds ratio 1.57, 95% confidence interval 1.06–2.34, P = 0.025).

DISCUSSION:
To obtain an accurate scenario of reoperations among patients with IBD, it is mandatory to adjust the number of reoperations to the prevalence of the disease. Reoperation and its risk factors should be closely monitored to decrease the burden of IBD to the healthcare system.
La perichoresis e la grammatica teologica dei primi sette Concili ecumenici
Authors: Maspero Giulio 
Published: September 2020

The article analyzes the history of the term perichoresis in the space of time embraced by the first seven ecumenical councils. After the Christological debut of the terminology in the fourth century in the work of Gregory of Nazianzus to indicate the dynamism of the relationship of the two natures of Christ in the hypostatic union, the text shows how this theological transition was the basis of the development in Maximus the Confessor. In the seventh century he applied the theological gain of Gregory of Nazianzus to divinization, making explicit the Christological foundation of Christian salvation. The journey ends in the 8th century with John Damascene, who applies perichoresis to both Christology and divinization, as already seen before him, but extends the terminology to the Trinitarian dimension, thus sealing the parable of theological thought. This makes it possible to recognize a true theological grammar which, consistently with Timothy Pawl's studies, reveals the architectural value of a Conciliar Trinitarianism, as a Trinitarian epistemology based on a Trinitarian anthropology, in turn rooted in a Trinitarian ontology.
Abstract: L'articolo analizza la storia del termine perichoresis nello spazio di tempo abbracciato dai primi sette concili ecumenici. Dopo l'esordio cristologico nel IV secolo della terminologia nell'opera di Gregorio di Nazianzo per indicare la dinamicità del rapporto delle due nature del Cristo nell'unione ipostatica, si mostra come questo passo teologico sarà la base dello sviluppo in Massimo il Confessore. Questi nel VII seccolo applicherà il guadagno teologico del Nazianzeno alla divinizzazione, esplicitando il fondamento cristologico della salvezza cristiana. Il percorso si conclude nell'VIII secolo con Giovanni Damasceno, il quale applica perichoresis sia alla cristologia, sia alla divinizzazione, come già prima di lui, ma estende la terminologia anche alla dimensione trinitaria, sigillando così la parabola del pensiero teologico. Ciò permette di riconoscere una vera e propria grammatica teologica che, coerentemente con gli studi di Timothy Pawl, rivela il valore architettonico di un Conciliar Trinitarianism, come epistemologia trinitaria che si fonda su un'antropologia trinitaria, a sua volta radicata in una ontologia trinitaria.
Diversidad y distribución de briófitos epífilos en <i>Beilschmiedia costaricensis</i> (Mez & Pittier) C.K. Allen (Lauraceae)
Authors: Guerra Batista Nikelly , Arrocha Clotilde , Rodríguez Quiel Eyvar , Benítez Chávez Angel Raimundo 
Published: September 2020

En los bosques montanos tropicales los briófitos son importantes en términos de diversidad y funcionamiento; allí, los briófitos que crecen sobre hojas son particularmente abundantes. El objetivo fue evaluar la riqueza y composición de comunidades epífilas en tres zonas del dosel de un árbol hospedador en el Parque Internacional La Amistad, Panamá. En cada árbol se colocaron seis hojas al azar, dos por zona de la copa (baja, media y alta). Se registró en total 48 especies, 89 % pertenecen a Marchantiophyta y 11 % a Bryophyta. La familia Lejeuneaceae representó el 70 % de las especies. La riqueza de especies disminuye desde la zona baja del dosel hacia la parte alta; sin embargo, las comunidades son similares entre zonas. Condiciones microclimáticas específicas del sotobosque podrían favorecer una mayor riqueza en la zona baja del dosel. Realizar investigaciones teniendo en cuenta factores ambientales y estructurales del bosque permitirá una mejor comprensión de estos cambios en diversidad.
FEATURES OF GENDER-RELATED SOMATOTYPES AND A RANGE OF ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICATORS IN FEMALE PARTNER ACROBATICS
Authors: Oleynik E , Bugaevsky K 
Published: September 2020

Aim. The article aims to study somatic changes and a number of anthropometric indicators in gender-related somatotypes in “base” (in standing or lying position) and “flyer” acrobats. Materials and methods. Studies have been carried out to determine several anthropometric indicators and morphofunctional index values such as standing body length, upper and lower limb length, shoulder and pelvis width, sexual dimorphism index by J. Tanner & W. Marshall, body mass index. The experiment included 44 athletes in the period of puberty and adolescence engaged in female partner acrobatics. Research methods used: analysis of available scientific and methodological literature; mathematical processing of index values and the results obtained. Results. An analysis of the results showed significant differences in all anthropometric and morphofunctional values of the “base” and “flyer” acrobats. It was revealed that among the “base” acrobats there were no athletes with a gynecomorphic somatotype. Among the “base” acrobats, there was a predominance of female athletes with a mesomorphic somatotype – 18 (81.82%), while there were only 4 (18.18%) athletes with andromorphic somatotype. In “flyer” acrobats, there were mostly female athletes with a gynecomorphic somatotype – 19 (86.36%), 3 (13.64%) athletes were characterized by a mesomorphic somatotype, and there were no representatives of the andromorphic somatotype. Conclusion. Specialization and selection of “flyer” and “base” acrobats should be carried out taking into account not only the age difference between these athletes but also such anthropometric indicators as upper and lower limb length, shoulder and pelvis width and such morphofunctional index values as sexual dimorphism index and body mass index.
DYNAMIC CONTROL OF LOAD IN SPECIAL MEDICAL GROUP STUDENTS DURING PE ACTIVITIES
Authors: Kodaneva L , Ketlerova E 
Published: September 2020

Aim. The article aims to evaluate the effectiveness of dynamic control of the workload during PE activities in special medical group students (SMG) using heart rate (HR) monitors. Materials and methods. The research involved 30 students with chronic pathology of the organs of vision, respiratory, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, nervous and genitourinary systems. Control (CG) and experimental groups (EG) were formed of 15 people each. Before the beginning of the research, the intensity of physical activity was selected individually for each girl. During the training session, the load level in the control group was selected by the results of operational control, while in the experimental group it was chosen by means of dynamic control. The effectiveness of dynamic control was established by the comparative analysis of indicators of functional abilities, physical development and physical fitness of students. Results. During the research process, the average value of the chest circumference increased by 2.7% in CG and by 4.8% in EG, indicating an improvement in respiratory function. Despite the absence of statistically significant differences in this indicator, it should be noted that the chest circumference increased more in the experimental group. In the experimental group, a greater increase was noted in other indicators of the respiratory system. During physical activity, the average heart rate decreased by 4.8% and 7.1%, SBP by 7.7% and 11.1%, DBP by 6.2% and 6.3% in CG and EG, respectively, indicating an improvement in the cardiovascular system. SBP indicators were significantly lower in the experimental group. For other indicators significant differences were not revealed but it should be noted that in the experimental group the decrease was more significant. The increase in physical fitness in female students of both groups was registered in all eight indicators. The most significant increase (P<0.01) was noted in exercises for general and special endurance. In the experimental group, the increase was from 8 to 77 %, in the control group, from 4.6 to 52%. Conclusion. Dynamic control of training load using heart rate data obtained with heart rate monitors provides a more significant increase in physical fitness and body functions of SMG students, improves the efficiency of physical education management, provides an individual approach to the load control, as well as feedback during the training session and the possibility of choosing physical education methods.
What Psychology Can Contribute to Contemporary Teacher Education: Basic Concepts and Exemplary Implementations
Authors: Dutke Stephan , Holodynski Manfred , Souvignier Elmar 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We describe basic concepts of contemporary teacher education from a psychological perspective, typified with examples from teacher education programs run at the University of Münster, Germany. After describing the context of teacher education in Germany, criteria are discussed which guide the selection of psychological contents to be included into teacher education curricula. Furthermore, three curriculum components are discussed that help to adopt a psychological perspective on instruction at school. Classroom videos reduce the distance between psychological knowledge suitable to guide teacher behaviour and examples of how teachers actually behave during class. Students’ small-scale classroom research projects bridge the gap between theory and practice, and curriculum components focussing on individual differences help to raise awareness for diagnostics, individual aid, and inclusion. Finally, psychology’s role in teacher education is discussed with regard to relevant content knowledge and methodological knowledge teacher education curricula might benefit from.

Key words: teacher education, video-based instruction, evidence-based teaching, inclusion