bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Binocular Refractive Errors and Calculation of Intraocular Lens Power for the Second Eye
Authors: Zhang Pengcheng , Yang Yuhuan , Yan Hong , Zhang Jie , Yan Weijia 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background How to reduce the refractive error has always been a tricky problem. The aim of this study was to verify the correlation between binocular refractive errors (RE) after sequential cataract surgery and explore the individualized calculation method of intraocular lens (IOL) for the second eye. Methods This is a prospective study. One hundred eighty-eight affected eyes of 94 age-related cataract patients with sequential cataract surgery from the Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, china, were recruited. Complete case data of 94 patients were included for correlation analysis of binocular RE. Thereafter, data of patients with RE values greater than 0.50 diopter (D) in the first eyes were extracted and divided randomly into two groups- Group A and B. As the adjustment group, in group A we modified the IOL power for the second eyes according to 50% of the RE of the first eye, and group B was the control group without modify. The mean absolute refractive error (MARE) values of the second eyes were evaluated one month after surgery. Results The correlation coefficient of binocular RE after sequential cataract surgery was 0.760 ( P < 0.001). After the IOL power of the second eyes were adjusted, the MARE of the second eyes was 0.57±0.41 D while MARE of the first eyes was 1.18±0.85 D, and the difference was statistically significant ( P <0.001). Conclusions Binocular REs were correlated positively after sequential cataract surgery. The RE of the second eye can be reduced by adjusting the IOL power based on 50% of the postoperative RE of the first eye.
Decreased Retinal Microvasculature Densities in Pterygium
Authors: Wang¹* Feng , Ye¹²* Lin-Hong , Shi¹ Wen-Qing , Li¹ Biao , Lin¹ Qi , Min¹ You-Lan , Yuan¹ Qing , Gao Guiping , Shao¹# Yi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose To investigate the retinal vascular network alterations in eyes of patients with pterygium. Method 18 left eyes from 18 female pterygium patients and 18left eyes from 18female healthy control subjectswere enrolled.Optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA) images were generated of the superficial retinallayer (SRL) and deeper retinal layer (DRL) of the macular retina for each eye. The microvascular(MIR) and macrovascular (MAR) densities were calculated and MIR, MAR, and total MIR (TMI) density was compared in the healthycontrol and pterygium groups. Results In pterygium group,in the SRL,the vascular density in SMIR (superficial MIR), SR(superior right), IR(inferior right), R(right), SC(superficial central annuli)1, SC2 and SC3decreased significantly in the maculararea (P<.05). Furthermore, the vascular density in all those decreased regions except R, was significantly and negatively correlated with the disease course ( r=-0.6038 to -0.7762, P=0.0008), and the area size of pterygium (r=-0.6043 to -0.9508, P<0.05). For the DRL, the densityof DTMI, DMIR (deeper MIR), SR, IR, R, DC2 and DC3 decreased significantly in macular area of pterygium patients (P<.05). Furthermore, the vascular density in all those decreased regions was significantly and negatively correlated with the disease course (r=-0.6901 to -0.7795, P=0.0015), and the area size of pterygium(r=-0.6043 to -0.9563, P<0.05). No statistically significant differences and correlation was foundin other region density (|r|＜0.47, P>0.05). Conclusion OCTA findings suggested that pterygium patients present with decreased retinal MIR density, which was negatively correlated with the disease course and the area size of pterygium.
­Description of the targeted water supply and hygiene response strategy implemented during the cholera outbreak of 2017-2018 in Kinshasa, DRC
Authors: Bompangue Didier , Moore Sandra , Taty Nadège , Impouma Benido , Sudre Bertrand , Manda Richard , Balde Thierno , Mboussou Franck , Vandevelde Thierry 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Rapid control of cholera outbreaks is a significant challenge in overpopulated urban areas. During late-2017, Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, experienced a cholera outbreak that showed potential to spread throughout the city. A novel targeted water and hygiene response strategy was implemented to quickly stem the outbreak.Methods: We describe the first implementation of the cluster grid response strategy carried out in the community during the cholera outbreak in Kinshasa, in which response activities targeted cholera case clusters using a grid approach. Interventions focused on emergency water supply, household water treatment and safe storage, home disinfection and hygiene promotion. We also performed a preliminary community trial study to assess the temporal pattern of the outbreak before and after response interventions were implemented. Cholera surveillance databases from the Ministry of Health were analyzed to assess the spatiotemporal dynamics of the outbreak using epidemic curves and maps.Results: From January 2017 to November 2018, a total of 1,712 suspected cholera cases were reported in Kinshasa. During this period, the most affected health zones included Binza Météo, Limeté, Kokolo, Kintambo and Kingabwa. Following implementation of the response strategy, the weekly cholera case numbers in Binza Météo, Kintambo and Limeté decreased by an average of 57% after two weeks and 86% after four weeks. The total weekly case numbers throughout Kinshasa Province dropped by 71% four weeks after the peak of the outbreak.Conclusion: During the 2017-2018 period, Kinshasa experienced a sharp increase in cholera case numbers. To contain the outbreak, water supply and hygiene response interventions targeted case households, nearby neighbors and public areas in case clusters using a grid approach. Following implementation of the response, the outbreak in Kinshasa was quickly brought under control. A similar approach may be adapted to quickly interrupt cholera transmission in other urban settings.
Reaction between Cu-bearing minerals and hydrothermal fluids at 800 °C and 200 MPa: Constraints from synthetic fluid inclusions
Authors: Qi Dongmei , Behrens Harald , Botcharnikov Roman , Derrey Insa , Holtz Francois , Zhang Chao , Li Xiaoyan , Horn Ingo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Transport and deposition of copper in the Earth's crust are mainly controlled by the solubility of Cu-bearing phases and the speciation of Cu in magmatic-hydrothermal fluids. To improve our understanding of copper mobilization by hydrothermal fluids, we conducted an experimental study on the interaction between Cu-bearing phases (metallic copper, Cu2O, CuCl) and aqueous chloride solutions (H2O ± NaCl ± HCl; with Cl concentrations of 0 to 4.3 mol kg-1). The experiments were run in rapid heat/rapid quench cold-seal pressure vessels at 800 °C, 200 MPa, and logfO2 ~ NNO+2.3. Either Cu or Au capsules were used as containers. The reaction products were sampled in situ by the entrapment of synthetic fluid inclusions in quartz. Fluid composition was subsequently determined by analyzing individual fluid inclusions using a freezing cell and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Our results show that large isolated and isometric inclusions, free of late-stage modifications, can be preserved after the experiment even when using a high cooling rate of 25 K s-1.
The obtained results demonstrate that: (1) reaction between native Cu, NaCl solution, and quartz (± silica gel) leads to the coexistence of fluid inclusions and Na-bearing silicate melt inclusions. Micrometer-to submicrometer-sized cuprite (Cu2O) crystals have been observed in both types of the inclusions, and they are formed most probably due to the dissociation of CuOH. (2) When Cu0 reacts with HCl and CuCl solutions, or Cu+ reacts with NaCl solution, nantokite (CuCl) formed due to oversaturation has been found in fluid inclusion. Copper concentration in the fluid shows a strong positive dependence on the initial chlorine content, with Cu/Cl molal ratios varying from 1:9 to 1:1 in case 1 and case 2, respectively. When Cl is fixed to 1.5 m, initial fluid acidity has a major control on the Cu content, i.e., 0.17 ± 0.09 and 1.29 ± 0.57 m Cu were measured in fluids of case 1 and case 2, respectively. Cu solubility in pure water and in 1.5 m NaCl solutions are 0.004 ± 0.002 and 0.16 ± 0.07 m, respectively. The main responsible Cu-bearing complexes are CuOH(H2O)x in water, NaCuCl2 in NaCl solutions and HCuCl2 in alkali-free solutions. These results provide quantitative constraints on the mobility of Cu in hydrothermal solutions and confirm that Cl is a very important ligand responsible for Cu transport. The first observation that silicate melt can be generated in the fluid-dominated and native-copper-bearing system implies that transitional thermosilicate liquids can coexist with metal-rich fluids and may enhance Cu mobility in magmatic-hydrothermal systems. This may have important implications for the formation of Cu deposits in the systems with low S activities.
Experimental determination of the solubility constant of kurnakovite, MgB3O3(OH)5·5H2O
Authors: Xiong Yongliang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this study, I present experimental results on the equilibrium between boracite [Mg3B7O13C1(cr)] and kurnakovite [chemical formula, Mg2B6O11·15H2O(cr); structural formula, MgB3O3(OH)5·5H2O(cr)] at 22.5 ± 0.5 °C from a long-term experiment up to 1629 days, approaching equilibrium from the direction of supersaturation, Mg3B7O13C1(cr) + H+ + 2B(OH)4− + 18H2O(1) ⇌ 3MgB3O3(OH)5·5H2O(cr) + C1−.
Based on solubility measurements, the 10-based logarithm of the equilibrium constant for the above reaction at 25 °C is determined to be 12.83 ± 0.08 (2σ).
Based on the equilibrium constant for dissolution of boracite, Mg3B7O13C1(cr) + 15H2O(1) = 3Mg2+ + 7B(OH)4− + C1− + 2H+ at 25 °C measured previously (Xiong et al. 2018) and that for the reaction between boracite and kurnakovite determined here, the equilibrium constant for dissolution of kurnakovite, MgB3O3(OH)5·5H2O(cr) = Mg2+ + 3B(OH)4− + H+ + H2O(1) is derived as −14.11 ± 0.40 (2σ).
Using the equilibrium constant for dissolution of kurnakovite obtained in this study and the experimental enthalpy of formation for kurnakovite from the literature, a set of thermodynamic properties for kurnakovite at 25 °C and 1 bar is recommended as follows: ΔHf0 = −4813.24 ± 4.92 kJ/mol, ΔGf0 = −4232.0 ± 2.3 kJ/mol, and S0 = 414.3 ± 0.9 J/(mol·K). Among them, the Gibbs energy of formation is based on the equilibrium constant for kurnakovite determined in this study; the enthalpy of formation is from the literature (Li et al. 1997), and the standard entropy is calculated internally with the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation in this work. The thermodynamic properties of kurnakovite estimated using the group contribution method for borate minerals based on the sums of contributions from the cations, borate polyanions, and structural water to the thermodynamic properties from the literature (Li et al. 2000) are consistent, within their uncertainties, with the values listed above.
Since kurnakovite usually forms in salt lakes rich in sulfate, studying the interactions of borate with sulfate is important to modeling kurnakovite in salt lakes. For this purpose, I have re-calibrated our previous model (Xiong et al. 2013) describing the interactions of borate with sulfate based on the new solubility data for borax in Na2SO4 solutions presented here.
Orthovanadate wakefieldite-(Ce) in symplectites replacing vanadium-bearing omphacite in the ultra-oxidized manganese deposit of Praborna (Aosta Valley, Western Italian Alps)
Authors: Tumiati Simone , Merlini Marco , Godard Gaston , Hanfland Michael , Fumagalli Patrizia 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Because of their unique structure and properties, rare-earth (REE) orthovanadates have been extensively employed for decades in advanced ceramics, in particular in the laser industry in replacement of Nd:YAG. A Ca-bearing REE orthovanadate with the empirical formula (Ce0.279Ca0.271Y0.267Gd0.057Nd0.055Dy0.032Sm0.027La0.020Th0.027Sr0.002)(V0.9085+Cr0.0673+Fe0.0173+As0.0055+)O4⋅nH2O has been found in metacherts from Praborna (Italian Alps) as micrometer-sized euhedral crystals in clinopyroxene + plagioclase symplectites replacing eclogite-facies vanadium-bearing omphacite (Aegirine55–48Jadeite42–33Diopside10–8 with V2O3 ≤ 1.39 wt%). We applied the synchrotron radiation, single crystal, micro-diffraction technique, recently optimized at ID09A beamline (ESRF, France), to determine the crystal structure of this mineral. It is tetragonal and isostructural with zircon, with a = 7.2233(12) Å, c = 6.3949(18) Å, V = 333.66(13) Å3, Z = 4, space group I41/amd, and it has been therefore identified as Ca- and Y-bearing wakefieldite-(Ce) (ideally CeV5+O4). Cell parameters are in agreement with those of synthetic Ce0.7Ca0.3VO4. Raman spectra of the studied wakefieldite-(Ce) are comparable with natural and synthetic wakefieldite-(Ce) spectra and revealed the presence of OH groups and/or water of hydration, which is also suggested by the low totals in microprobe analyses. Mass balance indicates that wakefieldite-(Ce) is a by-product of the omphacite breakdown; omphacite and Mn-rich epidote, a minor reactant, provided vanadium and REE, respectively. Petrological observations and thermodynamic modeling suggest that the mineral, coexisting with hematite, Mn-rich epidote, and braunite, formed during retrogression to greenschistfacies conditions at ultra-oxidized conditions (DFMQ ≥ +16 log units), which are often observed in Mn-oxide ores. Wakefieldite is an effective scavenger of REE in oxidized geological environments at P-T conditions that range from sedimentary to medium-grade metamorphic settings, even where the REE bulk concentration is negligible. Its rarity reflects both the overall low abundance of vanadium and the need for ultra-oxidized conditions that are rarely achieved in metamorphic rocks, where REE phosphates (i.e., monazite, xenotime) are commonly found instead.
Acanthamoeba spp. in river water samples from the Black Sea region, Turkey
Authors: Koyun İlknur , Kolören Zeynep , Karaman Ülkü , Tsiami Amalia , Karanis Panagiotis 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe present study aims to investigate the occurrence of free living amoeba (FLA) in water resources (rivers and tap water) in Samsun in the Black Sea. The presence of Acanthamoeba spp. was confirmed in 98 of 192 water samples collected from 32 sites of Samsun province (Samsun centre, Terme, Carsamba, Tekkekoy, Bafra) by PCR. Acanthamoeba spp. were found in 15/36 river samples from Samsun, in 58/90 from Terme, in 12/30 from Carsamba, in 7/18 from Tekkekoy and in 6/18 from Bafra. No Acanthamoeba species were detected in tap water samples. The highest rate in river waters contaminated with Acanthamoeba species was in Terme followed by Samsun centre (41.7%), Carsamba (40%), Tekkekoy (38.9%) and Bafra districts (33.3%), respectively. The result of the subsequent sequence analysis showed Haplotype I (A. triangularis) in 5%, Haplotype II (A. polyphaga) in 29.6%, Haplotype III (Acanthamoeba spp.) in 62% and Haplotype IV (A. lenticulata) in 3%. The most common genotype was Acanthamoeba T4 (Acanthamoeba spp., A. polyphaga, A. triangularis) and T5 genotype was also found in 3%. The T4 genotype is the most common genotype associated with Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) worldwide; therefore, humans and animals living in the area are at risk after contact with such waters.
Characterization of slowly-biodegradable organic compounds and hydrolysis kinetics in tropical wastewater for biological nitrogen removal
Authors: How Seow Wah , Sin Jia Huey , Wong Sharon Ying Ying , Lim Pek Boon , Mohd Aris Alijah , Ngoh Gek Cheng , Shoji Tadashi , Curtis Thomas P. , Chua Adeline Seak May 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Many developing countries, mostly situated in the tropical region, have incorporated a biological nitrogen removal process into their wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Existing wastewater characteristic data suggested that the soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) in tropical wastewater is not sufficient for denitrification. Warm wastewater temperature (30 °C) in the tropical region may accelerate the hydrolysis of particulate settleable solids (PSS) to provide slowly-biodegradable COD (sbCOD) for denitrification. This study aimed to characterize the different fractions of COD in several sources of low COD-to-nitrogen (COD/N) tropical wastewater. We characterized the wastewater samples from six WWTPs in Malaysia for 22 months. We determined the fractions of COD in the wastewater by nitrate uptake rate experiments. The PSS hydrolysis kinetic coefficients were determined at tropical temperature using an oxygen uptake rate experiment. The wastewater samples were low in readily-biodegradable COD (rbCOD), which made up 3–40% of total COD (TCOD). Most of the biodegradable organics were in the form of sbCOD (15–60% of TCOD), which was sufficient for complete denitrification. The PSS hydrolysis rate was two times higher than that at 20 °C. The high PSS hydrolysis rate may provide sufficient sbCOD to achieve effective biological nitrogen removal at WWTPs in the tropical region.
Adsorption characteristics and mechanism of norfloxacin in water by γ-Fe2O3@BC
Authors: Wang Jinpeng , Zhang Ming , Zhou Runjuan , Li Jiyuan , Zhao Wei , Zhou Jinghong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Using waste pomelo peel as raw material, pomelo peel-based biochar (BC) was prepared by pyrolysis at 400 °C, and the pomelo peel-based biochar was prepared by loading γ-Fe2O3 onto the surface of the pomelo peel-based biochar by unlimited oxygen chemical precipitation. The results showed that the pomelo peel biochar loaded with γ-Fe2O3 had higher specific surface area and larger pore volume. The load of γ-Fe2O3 gives γ-Fe2O3@BC excellent magnetic separation ability, and its magnetic saturation intensity is as high as 30.60 emu/g. BC and γ-Fe2O3@BC were applied to remove norfloxacin (NOR) from a water body. It was found that the adsorption of NOR by both of them followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption isotherm mainly conforms to the Sips model, and the adsorption process of NOR is a spontaneous endothermic reaction. The pH and ionic strength have a great influence on the adsorption of NOR by BC and γ-Fe2O3@BC, and they play a role mainly by influencing the morphology of NOR in water. The adsorption mechanism showed that cation exchange and hydrogen bonding were the main forces for BC to adsorb NOR. Moreover, the γ-Fe2O3 particles enhanced the hydrophobicity of the pomelo peel-based biochar, making the hydrophobicity become the main force for the adsorption of NOR by the γ-Fe2O3@BC. The adsorption–desorption experiment showed that after four cycles of recycling, the adsorption capacity of γ-Fe2O3@BC for NOR was still up to 61.43% of the initial adsorption capacity, and it had a good recycling property.
A method for reclaiming nutrients from aquacultural waste for use in soilless growth systems
Authors: Ezziddine Maha , Liltved Helge , Homme Jan Morten 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop a method that allows the recovery of nutrients from aquaculture sludge, not only to alleviate the disposal problem, but also to address the future scarcity of non-renewable fertilizers. This method includes two steps: Nutrient mobilization using aerobic digestion followed by solids precipitation using chitosan as the flocculant. The aerobic digestion experiments were conducted in aerated batch reactors, while a jar test apparatus was used to assess the capacity of chitosan to remove total suspended solids (TSS) and turbidity. During aerobic digestion, the concentration of soluble N (sum of NH4-N, NO2-N, NO3-N) increased from 181 mg/L at the start to 890 mg/L after three weeks, and to 903 mg/L after four weeks and solids removal by chitosan flocculation. The corresponding concentrations for soluble P were 8.2 mg/L at start, 110 mg/L after three weeks of aerobic digestion, and 160 mg/L after four weeks of aerobic digestion and chitosan flocculation. Other macronutrients (K, Ca, Mg, S) and micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, B, Cu, Mo) were mobilized to concentrations close to or higher than levels recommended for hydroponic growth of vegetables. Chitosan flocculation and precipitation using a dose of 15 mg/L resulted in a reduction of the turbidity by 96% from 156 to 6.5 FNU. After chitosan precipitation, 80% of the sludge could be reclaimed as a nutrient-rich clear phase, low in TSS and turbidity.
Kinetic study on nitrification of ammonium nitrogen-enriched synthetic wastewater using activated sludge
Authors: Bhattacharya Roumi , Mazumder Debabrata 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNitrification of ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N)-bearing synthetic wastewater was performed in a batch-activated sludge reactor by varying the initial ammonium nitrogen concentration up to 400 mg/L at a pH of 8.1 ± 0.2 and temperature of 36 ± 2 °C for developing the process kinetics using acclimatised biomass. Maximum ammonium nitrogen removal efficiency of 98.3% was achieved with initial ammonium nitrogen and mixed liquor suspended solids concentration of 235 mg/L and 2,180 mg/L, respectively, at 48 h batch period. Based on the experimental results, kinetic constants for ammonia nitrogen removal following Monod's approach were obtained as maximum substrate removal rate coefficient = 0.057 per day, yield coefficient = 0.336 mg volatile suspended solids/mg ammonium nitrogen, half velocity constant = 12.95 mg NH4+-N/L and endogenous decay constant = 0.02 per day. Nitrification is a consecutive reaction with ammonium oxidation as the first step followed by nitrite oxidation. The overall rate of nitrite and nitrate formation was observed to be 1.44 per day and 0.34 per day, respectively.
Perforated One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass, How We Managed and Review of Literature
Authors: Al-Masari Hayder , Nofal Heba , Ainawi Reham , Mahdy Tarek , Rashed Marwan 
Published: February 2020

:
Marginal ulcer formation remains a common complication of the one anastomosis gastric bypass procedure, the ulcer can further perforate and present as peritonitis and although this is uncommon, it is considered one of the life threatening sequela associated with this surgery, we report here 2 different cases of perforated marginal ulcers that presented months after the procedure with acute abdomen, and discuss the surgical management using the laparoscopic approach to repair the perforation.