bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeted dry skin treatment using a multifunctional topical moisturizer
Authors: Stettler Hans , Crowther Jonathan M. , Brandt Marianne , Lu Bailu , Boxshall Alison , de Salvo Raffaella , Laing Sabrina , Hennighausen Natascha , Bielfeldt Stephan , Blenkiron Peter 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe development of dry skin is a complex process, with a wide variety of factors each playing different roles in its evolution. Given this, it is important when designing a formulation to tackle dry skin that these varied aspects of skin behaviour are addressed. Presented here are the results of a 3‐week moisturization study carried out on dry legs. A wide range of traditional and more recently developed biophysical measurement methods have been combined with visual assessment of skin condition to enable multiple aspects of skin function to be determined. The observed changes in the skin are discussed in terms of the ingredients used in the moisturizing formulation.MethodsA range of novel and traditional skin assessment methods and techniques were used to assess the effects of an oil in water‐based moisturizing product compared to an untreated site during a 3‐week in vivo study on dry lower leg skin.ResultsStatistically significant improvements were observed in a range of skin parameters as a result of product usage. Skin hydration assessed using Corneometer®, Epsilon® and visual dry skin grading all increased after 3 weeks of use. Skin barrier function measured using transepidermal water loss also improved. Levels of cholesterol, free fatty acids and Ceramide NH increased, as well as the average length of the stratum corneum (SC) lipid lamella bilayers, and the ratio of lipid to protein increased (measured using Lipbarvis® and in vivo Confocal Raman Spectroscopy). Increases in the levels of Ceramide EOS and NP were also observed, along with an improvement in corneocyte maturity, although these were not statistically significant.ConclusionsUsing a variety of traditional and novel skin assessment techniques, a wide range of factors associated with the evolution of dry skin have been assessed upon treatment with a new topical moisturizer. Product usage resulted in significant improvements to skin hydration and barrier function, the levels and morphology of SC barrier lipids, and overall epidermal differentiation. As a result there was a significant reduction in the characteristics associated with the development of dry skin after use of the test product.
Morpho‐physiological, biochemical and isotopic response of tall wheatgrass populations to salt stress
Authors: Borrajo Celina I. , Sánchez‐Moreiras Adela M. , Reigosa Manuel J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTall wheatgrass [Elymus elongatus subsp. ponticus (Podp.) Melderis] is a C3 grass native from dry or saline habitats in SE Europe. The aim of this study was to better understand response mechanisms of populations from different origins to salinity and to provide new tools to select germoplasm with high salinity tolerance. Four populations (P3‐P4‐P5‐P9) were irrigated with five solutions of increasing salinity (Salt: 0–0.1–0.2–0.3–0.4 M NaCl) and evaluated in pots in a greenhouse. Two experiments were carried out, a short 40‐day long experiment with vegetative plants, and a longer 85‐day long one with plants that underwent vegetative‐reproductive stage. No evidence was found of an interaction between population and salt. Morpho‐physiological, biochemicals, isotopic and productive variables were differently affected by increasing salinity and were also different among populations. Proline, Na+ and Cl− consistently appeared to function as osmotic agents. P5 showed the highest biomass in the 85‐day experiment and had the highest leaf length, tiller density, water use efficiency and δ13C isotope; and the lowest Cl− concentration and evapotranspiration rate. However, P5 showed the lowest biomass in the 40‐day experiment, suggesting that duration of the stress is an important aspect to consider when selecting germoplasm for tolerance to salinity. Differences among populations in growth strategies and physiological mechanisms could be related to their origin environment.
A bundled phosphate control intervention (4Ds) for adults with end‐stage kidney disease receiving haemodialysis: A cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Milazi Molly , Douglas Clint , Bonner Ann 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effectiveness of a bundled self‐management intervention (taking control of your phosphate with the 4Ds) to improve phosphate control among adults receiving haemodialysis.BackgroundHyperphosphataemia occurs in end‐stage kidney disease and is managed by diet, drinks, drugs (phosphate binder medication), and dialysis (the 4Ds). Adherence to the 4Ds is challenging for patients.DesignA pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial with repeated measures.MethodsParticipants were adults receiving haemodialysis with high serum phosphate (>1.6 mmol/L for at least 3 months) recruited between August 2017 ‐May 2018. Cluster randomization was according to haemodialysis treatment shifts. The ‘teach‐back’ intervention was designed to improve phosphate control. Expected outcomes were reduced serum phosphate and increased knowledge of phosphate in end‐stage kidney disease, self‐efficacy and adherence to diet, drugs, and dialysis.ResultsThere were no differences between groups at baseline. Both groups had similar mean serum phosphate over time; at three months, 46% of the intervention group achieved reductions that met the target serum phosphate level compared with 33% of the control group. There were significant improvements in knowledge of phosphate in end‐stage kidney disease, self‐efficacy and adherence to diet, drugs, and dialysis (missing) in the intervention group compared with control group.ConclusionThe 4Ds, a bundled self‐management intervention, was effective in improving patient confidence and adherence to phosphate control methods.ImpactThe 4Ds intervention bundles together four essential strategies for preventing and controlling hyperphosphataemia in end‐stage kidney disease.Trial registrationACTRN12617000703303 Registered 16/05/2017.
Clinical and histological comparison of the soft tissue morphology between zirconia and titanium dental implants under healthy and experimental mucositis conditions—A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Bienz Stefan P. , Hilbe Monika , Hüsler Jürg , Thoma Daniel S. , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Jung Ronald E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo analyse the soft tissue morphology under healthy and experimental mucositis conditions comparing zirconia and titanium implants.MethodsForty‐two patients with two adjacent missing teeth received one zirconia (Zr) and one titanium (Ti) implant, with the mesial and distal position randomized. At 3 months, half of the patients were instructed to continue (healthy; h) and the other half to omit (experimental mucositis; m) oral hygiene around the implants for 3 weeks. Clinical parameters were evaluated before and after the experimental phase, and a soft tissue biopsy was harvested. Mixed model analyses were performed to analyse the data.ResultsThe plaque control record increased significantly for the two mucositis groups, reaching 68.3 ± 31.9% (mean ±SD) for Zr‐m and 75.0 ± 29.4% for Ti‐m (p < .0001), being also significantly lower for Zr‐m than for Ti‐m. Bleeding on probing remained stable in group Zr‐m and amounted to 21.7 ± 23.6%, but increased significantly in group Ti‐m (p = .040), measuring 32.5 ± 27.8%. The number of inflammatory cells and the length of the junctional epithelium did not significantly differ between the groups.ConclusionBoth implants rendered similar outcomes under healthy conditions. Lower plaque and bleeding scores were detected for zirconia implants under experimental mucositis conditions. Histologically, only minimal differences were observed.
Insectivory leads to functional convergence in a group of Neotropical rodents
Authors: Missagia Rafaela V. , Patterson Bruce D. , Krentzel Dallas , Perini Fernando A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe mandible of vertebrates serves as insertion area for masticatory muscles that originate on the skull, and its functional properties are subject to selective forces related to trophic ecology. The efficiency of masticatory muscles can be measured as mechanical advantage on the mandible, which, in turn, has the property of correlating with bite force and shape. In the present work, we quantify the mechanical advantage of the mandible of akodontine rodents, which present a diverse radiation of insectivorous specialists, to assess their relationship to the estimated bite force and diet. We also tested the degree of morphofunctional convergence in response to insectivory on the group. We found the mechanical advantages to be convergent on insectivorous species, and associated with the estimated bite force, with higher mechanical advantages in species with a stronger bite and short, robust mandibles and lower mechanical advantages in insectivorous species with weaker bites and more elongated, dorso‐ventrally compressed mandibles. Insectivorous species of Akodontini are functional specialists for the consumption of live prey and may exploit the resources that shrews, moles and hedgehogs consume elsewhere.
Tray bleaching status and insights
Authors: Haywood Van B. , Sword Rhoda J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo provide an update on tray bleaching for various tooth discoloration conditions, including a complete examination form as well as an information and consent form.Clinical considerationsSince the bleaching process was first documented in 1989, it has become a safe, successful, and conservative treatment for consistently whitening the color of patients' natural teeth. Though initially used on a limited basis, the process has expanded to include bleaching nicotine and tetracycline stains, single dark teeth, brown spots, reducing white spots, caries control as well as color change from aging. Ten percent carbamide peroxide is the material most used in research and has shown to be the most effective with the least amount of adverse side effects, including sensitivity or gingival irritation. Bleaching overnight using a smooth nonscalloped, nonreservoir vacuum‐formed tray has been shown to be the method of choice for most clinicians, leading to greater patient compliance and an overall successful treatment. When possible, conservative bleaching treatment should be considered prior to more invasive, irreversible procedures such as veneers, or crowns to meet patients' esthetic requirements. Because of its basic pH, and potential for caries inhibition, complete restorative treatment does not have to be performed prior to initiating bleaching, making it an extremely flexible treatment.ConclusionWith a thorough bleaching analysis, proper treatment of appropriate discolorations over an ideal timeframe, tray bleaching is a powerfully predictable tool in restorative dentistry.Clinical significanceTray bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide should be the first consideration for treatment of discolorations of any type, with varying times of treatment, even in the presence of mild decay.
Novel atypical Aeromonas salmonicida bath challenge model for juvenile ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta, Ascanius)
Authors: Papadopoulou Athina , Garvey Kathryn , Hill Tom , Ramirez‐Paredes Jose G. , Monaghan Sean J. , Baily Johanna L. , Davie Andrew , Katsiadaki Ioanna , Verner‐Jeffreys David , Wallis Timothy , Migaud Herve , Adams Alexandra 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAtypical Aeromonas salmonicida (aAs) is currently one of the most routinely recovered bacterial pathogens isolated during disease outbreaks in farmed cleaner fish, ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta, Ascanius). Vibrionaceae family bacteria have also been isolated from ballan wrasse in Scotland. This study determined the infectivity, pathogenicity and virulence of aAs and Vibrionaceae isolates in juvenile farmed ballan wrasse (n = 50; approx. 2 g) using a bath challenge, and fish were monitored for a period of 16 days. Atypical As caused significant mortalities in contrast to Vibrionaceae isolates. Notably, differential virulence was observed between two aAs vapA type V strains at similar challenge doses. Diseased fish exhibited a systemic infection where aAs was detected in all analysed tissues (liver, spleen and kidney) by PCR and qPCR. Macroscopically, moribund and survivor fish exhibited hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. In moribund and surviving fish, histopathology showed granulomatous hepatitis with eosinophilic granular cells surrounding bacterial colonies and endocarditis along with splenic histiocytosis. This is the first report of a successful aAs bath challenge model for juvenile ballan wrasse which provides an important tool for future studies on vaccine efficacy and immunocompetence.
Evaluation of quality changes in big‐eye tuna (Thunnus obesus) based on near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) and low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF‐NMR)
Authors: Lan Weiqing , Liu Jiali , Hu Xiaoyu , Xiao Lei , Sun Xiaohong , Xie Jing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature fluctuations on quality of big‐eye tuna (Thunnus obesus). In this work, different logistical processes, including cold chain (CK) and cold chain breaks (L1, L2), were simulated. Near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF‐NMR) were used for determination the quality changes. Meanwhile, water holding capacity (WHC), water activity (aw), sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were measured. The results indicated that WHC dropped more than 20% in L2 group and the degradation rate of protein was accelerated with the increase of temperature for 216 hr. The curve of NIRS was showed the certain changing trends and its absorbance value showed a downward tendency, which had a decrease from 0.7 at 192 hr to CK > 0.4, L1 ≈ 0.4, L2 < 0.4 at 216 hr. The NIRS further exhibited the changing trend of freshness, which consistent with the results of WHC, SDS‐PAGE and SEM. LF‐NMR showed that immobilized water (T22) decreased while free water (T23) increased during processes. The results were coincidence with other indexes. Therefore, NIRS combined with LF‐NMR could effectively reflect the quality changes of big‐eye tuna during circulation.Practical applicationsNear‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and Low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF‐NMR) can be used to estimate the protein change and water migration of fish. This study indicated that NIRS and LF‐NMR could better characterize the quality change of big‐eye tuna during logistical processes. Moreover, this study provided a theory foundation for the application of NIRS and LF‐NMR on aquatic products.
Fetal teratogenicity in a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta): Association with the chronic maternal treatment of amitriptyline
Authors: Hunter Carissa E. , Stammen Rachelle L. , Hamlet Terell , Bonenberger Denise , Li Chunxia , Zhang Xiaodong , Stroud Fawn C. , Chan Anthony W. S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAmitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant commonly prescribed in humans for pain and sleep disorders and in non‐human primates for self‐injurious behaviors. Here, we report a clinical case on the teratogenic effect of maternal‐fetal amitriptyline exposure.
Pimavanserin, a 5HT2A receptor inverse agonist, rapidly suppresses Aβ production and related pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Yuede Carla M. , Wallace Clare E. , Davis Todd A. , Gardiner Woodrow D. , Hettinger Jane C. , Edwards Hannah M. , Hendrix Rachel D. , Doherty Brookelyn M. , Yuede Kayla M. , Burstein Ethan S. , Cirrito John R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAmyloid‐β (Aβ) peptide aggregation into soluble oligomers and insoluble plaques is a precipitating event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Given that synaptic activity can regulate Aβ generation, we postulated that 5HT2A‐Rs may regulate Aβ as well. We treated APP/PS1 transgenic mice with the selective 5HT2A inverse agonists M100907 or Pimavanserin systemically and measured brain interstitial fluid (ISF) Aβ levels in real‐time using in vivo microdialysis. Both compounds reduced ISF Aβ levels by almost 50% within hours, but had no effect on Aβ levels in 5HT2A‐R knock‐out mice. The Aβ‐lowering effects of Pimavanserin were blocked by extracellular‐regulated kinase (ERK) and NMDA receptor inhibitors. Chronic administration of Pimavanserin by subcutaneous osmotic pump to aged APP/PS1 mice significantly reduced CSF Aβ levels and Aβ pathology and improved cognitive function in these mice. Pimavanserin is FDA‐approved to treat Parkinson's disease psychosis, and also has been shown to reduce psychosis in a variety of other dementia subtypes including Alzheimer's disease. These data demonstrate that Pimavanserin may have disease‐modifying benefits in addition to its efficacy against neuropsychiatric symptoms of Alzheimer's disease.
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Dynamics of androgens in healthy and hospitalized newborn foals
Authors: Swink Jacob M. , Rings Lindsey M. , Snyder Hailey A. , McAuley Rachel C. , Burns Teresa A. , Dembek Katarzyna A. , Gilsenan William F. , Browne Nimet , Toribio Ramiro E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundInformation on steroids derived from the adrenal glands, gonads, or fetoplacental unit is minimal in newborn foals.ObjectiveTo measure androgen concentrations in serum and determine their association with disease severity and outcome in hospitalized foals.AnimalsHospitalized (n = 145) and healthy (n = 80) foals.MethodsProspective, multicenter, cross‐sectional study. Foals of ≤3 days of age from 3 hospitals and horse farms were classified as healthy and hospitalized (septic, sick nonseptic, neonatal maladjustment syndrome [NMS]) based on physical exam, medical history, and laboratory findings. Serum androgen and plasma ACTH concentrations were measured with immunoassays. Data were analyzed by nonparametric methods and univariate analysis.ResultsSerum dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenedione, testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) concentrations were higher upon admission in hospitalized foals (P <  .05), were associated with nonsurvival, decreased to 4.9‐10.8%, 5.7‐31%, and 30.8‐62.8% admission values in healthy, SNS, and septic foals, respectively (P < .05), but remained unchanged or increased in nonsurviving foals. ACTH:androgen ratios were higher in septic and NMS foals (P < .05). Foals with decreased androgen clearance were more likely to die (odds ratio > 3; P < .05).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSimilar to glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and progestagens, increased serum concentrations of androgens are associated with disease severity and adverse outcome in hospitalized newborn foals. In healthy foals, androgens decrease over time, however, remain elevated longer in septic and nonsurviving foals. Androgens could play a role in or reflect a response to disorders such as sepsis or NMS in newborn foals.
Diagnostic value of fecal cultures in dogs with chronic diarrhea
Authors: Werner Melanie , Suchodolski Jan S. , Lidbury Jonathan A. , Steiner Jörg M. , Hartmann Katrin , Unterer Stefan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundCulture‐based assessment of the fecal microbiome using fecal culture profiles frequently is performed in dogs with chronic diarrhea, but the diagnostic value of this approach has not been determined.ObjectivesTo compare the reported results of fecal culture profiles and the polymerase chain reaction‐based dysbiosis index (DI) between dogs with chronic diarrhea and healthy dogs; to assess interlaboratory variability in bacterial and fungal cultures among 3 veterinary diagnostic laboratories (diagnostic laboratory 1 [L1], diagnostic laboratory 2 [L2], diagnostic laboratory 3 [L3]); and to compare the reported interpretation of culture profiles (normobiosis versus dysbiosis) with those of the DI.AnimalsEighteen dogs with chronic diarrhea (CDG) and 18 healthy control dogs (HG).MethodsIn this prospective, case‐control study, fecal samples were submitted to 3 commercial laboratories for fecal culture. The microbiota was assessed using PCR assays. Dogs receiving antimicrobials were excluded.ResultsDysbiosis index was significantly increased in CDG (mean, 0.9; SD, 3.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], −1.0; 2.8) compared to HG (mean, −3.0; SD, 2.8; CI, −4.3; −1.6;P= .0002), whereas cultures from all laboratories failed to detect significant differences (P= .66, .18, and .66, respectively). HemolyticEscherichia coliwas the only potential enteropathogen on culture, but no significant difference was found between CDG and HG. For diagnosis of dysbiosis, culture showed no agreement with DI (L1, κ = −0.21; CI, −0.44; −0.02; L2, κ = −0.33; CI, −0.58; −0.08; L3, κ = −0.25; CI, −0.39; −0.11). Furthermore, variability among the 3 laboratories was high (L1/L2, κ = 0.15; CI, −0.05; 0.35; L1/L3, κ = −0.08; CI, −0.01; −0.16; L2/L3, κ = −0.06; CI, −0.33; −0.20).Conclusions and clinical importanceFecal cultures failed to distinguish between diseased and healthy dogs, and a high level of interlaboratory variation for culture was found.
Metabolic changes induced by oral glucose tests in horses and their diagnostic use
Authors: Delarocque Julien , Frers Florian , Feige Karsten , Huber Korinna , Jung Klaus , Warnken Tobias 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the implications of hyperinsulinemia on energy metabolism, and such knowledge might help understand the pathophysiology of insulin dysregulation.ObjectivesDescribe differences in the metabolic response to an oral glucose test, depending on the magnitude of the insulin response.AnimalsTwelve Icelandic horses in various metabolic states.MethodsHorses were subjected to 3 oral glucose tests (OGT; 0.5 g/kg body weight glucose). Basal, 120 and 180 minutes samples were analyzed using a combined liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and flow injection analysis tandem mass spectrometry metabolomic assay. Insulin concentrations were measured using an ELISA. Analysis was performed using linear models and partial least‐squares regression.ResultsThe kynurenine : tryptophan ratio increased over time during the OGT (adjusted P‐value = .001). A high insulin response was associated with lower arginine (adjusted P‐value = .02) and carnitine (adjusted P‐value = .03) concentrations. A predictive model using only baseline samples performed well with as few as 7 distinct metabolites (sensitivity, 86%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 81%‐90%; specificity, 88%; 95% CI, 84%‐92%).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceOur results suggest induction of low‐grade inflammation during the OGT. Plasma arginine and carnitine concentrations were lower in horses with high insulin response and could constitute potential therapeutic targets. Development of screening tools to identify insulin‐dysregulated horses using only baseline blood sample appears promising.