bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Should adenosquamous esophageal cancer be treated like adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma?
Authors: Gamboa Adriana C. , Meyer Benjamin I. , Switchenko Jeffrey M. , Rupji Manali , Lee Rachel M. , Turgeon Michael K. , Russell Maria C. , Cardona Kenneth , Kooby David A. , Maithel Shishir K. , Shah Mihir M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundEsophageal adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have distinct outcomes, treatment strategies, and response profiles to therapy. Adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) is thought to behave more aggressively than each of its counterparts. The aim of this study is to determine ifASC is best managed as AC or SCC.MethodsNational Cancer Database (2004‐2015) was queried for patients with nonmetastatic esophageal ASC. The analysis was stratified by clinical node‐negative (cN0) or clinical node‐positive (cN1‐3). Treatment was categorized into chemoradiation alone, surgery alone, or preoperative chemoradiation followed by surgery. The primary outcome was 5‐year overall survival (OS).ResultsAmong 352 patients, 43% were cN0 (n = 151), 57% were cN1‐3 (n = 201) and 55% had chemoradiation alone (n = 194), 15% surgery alone (n = 53), and 30% preoperative chemoradiation (n = 105). Among patients who had preoperative chemoradiation, 20% had pathologic complete response (n = 17). For either cN0 or cN1‐3, Charlson‐Deyo Comorbidity Index did not differ among the treatment groups(all p > 0.05). On Kaplan‐Meier analysis for cN0, treatment with surgery alone had comparable OS to preoperative chemoradiation (47% vs 34%; P = .5) and each had improved OS compared to chemoradiation alone (30%; P = .02; P = .06). On univariate analysis for cN0, clinical T category was not associated with OS. For cN1‐3, however, preoperative chemoradiation was associated with improved OS when compared to chemoradiation alone or surgery alone (27% vs 19% vs 0%; P < .001). This persisted when accounting for age and clinical T category (hazard ratio: 0.45; P < .001).ConclusionEsophageal ASC behaves more like AC in response to chemoradiation and survival based on treatment modality. A complete response to chemoradiation is only 20% unlike what has been shown for SCC, where chemoradiation is an acceptable definitive therapy. Esophageal ASC should be managed more like AC.
Efficient 23Na triple‐quantum signal imaging on clinical scanners: Cartesian imaging of single and triple‐quantum 23Na (CRISTINA)
Authors: Hoesl Michaela A. U. , Schad Lothar R. , Rapacchi Stanislas 
Published: May 2020

PurposeTo capture the multiquantum coherence (MQC) 23Na signal. Different phase‐cycling options and sequences are compared in a unified theoretical layout, and a novel sequence is developed.MethodsAn open source simulation overview is provided with graphical explanations to facilitate MQC understanding and access to techniques. Biases such as B0 inhomogeneity and stimulated echo signal were simulated for 4 different phase‐cycling options previously described. Considerations for efficiency and accuracy lead to the implementation of a 2D Cartesian single and triple quantum imaging of sodium (CRISTINA) sequence employing two 6‐step cycles in combination with a multi‐echo readout. CRISTINA was compared to simultaneous single‐quantum and triple‐quantum‐filtered MRI of sodium (SISTINA) under strong static magnetic gradient. CRISTINA capabilities were assessed on 8 × 60 mL, 0% to 5% agarose phantom with 50 to 154 mM 23Na concentration at 7 T. CRISTINA was demonstrated subsequently in vivo in the brain.ResultsSimulation of B0 inhomogeneity showed severe signal dropout, which can lead to erroneous MQC measurement. Stimulated echo signal was highest at the time of triple‐quantum coherences signal maximum. However, stimulated echo signal is separated by Fourier Transform as an offset and did not interfere with MQC signals. The multi‐echo readout enabled capturing both single‐quantum coherences and triple‐quantum coherences signal evolution at once. Signal combination of 2 phase‐cycles with a corresponding B0 map was found to recover the signal optimally. Experimental results confirm and complement the simulations.ConclusionConsiderations for efficient MQC measurements, most importantly avoiding B0 signal loss, led to the design of CRISTINA. CRISTINA captures triple‐quantum coherences and single‐quantum coherences signal evolution to provide complete sodium signal characterization including

fast,

slow, MQC amplitudes, and sodium concentration.
Uninformed decision‐making and regret about delaying childbearing decisions: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Adachi Tomoko , Endo Masayuki , Ohashi Kazutomo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to examine regret over the timing of the childbearing decision and reasons for its delay.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 219 women and 169 men referred to fertility facilities in Japan from July–December 2018. Participants completed a questionnaire on the reasons for their delay in childbearing decision and the degree of regret regarding their decision. Multiple linear regression was used to analyse the association between degree of regret and the reasons for the delay.ResultsThe top three reasons for the delay in childbearing decision in women were “Establishing the relationship,” “Health problems,” and “Financial security.” The top three reasons in men were “Establishing the relationship,” “Financial security,” and “Lack of fertility knowledge.” Multiple linear regression showed that lack of fertility knowledge was associated with regret over the timing of childbearing decisions in women and men.
Adhesion between thermoplastic elastomers and polyamide‐12 with different glass fiber fractions in two‐component injection molding
Authors: Persson Anna‐Maria M. R. , Hinrichsen Einar L. , Andreassen Erik 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe usage of thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) is increasing, and integrated hard‐soft parts can be mass produced by two‐component injection molding (or sequential molding). A key property of such parts, the adhesion between the two materials, is the topic of this study. The hard part (the first molded component) in this study was polyamide‐12 with 0 to 50 wt% glass fibers (PA12‐GF). As the second component, two TPEs were used: a vulcanized TPE and a styrenic TPE, both modified for adhesion to polyamides. The adhesion, assessed by 90° peel tests, increased with increasing melt temperatures and TPE injection rate, while it decreased with increasing glass fiber fraction in the PA12‐GF. Based on characterization of cross‐sections and fiber distributions near the interface, we propose some hypotheses for the effect of fiber fraction on the fusion between PA12‐GF and TPE. These hypotheses involve the near‐surface properties of the PA12‐GF materials, microstructure, thermo‐mechanical properties, and thermal properties. A direct effect of increasing the glass fiber fraction, that is, a reduction in adhesion as more fibers are present at the interface, does not seem to be a major effect, since few fibers are in direct contact with the TPE for any fiber fraction.
Shortlisting SARS‐CoV‐2 Peptides for Targeted Studies from Experimental Data‐Dependent Acquisition Tandem Mass Spectrometry Data
Authors: Gouveia Duarte , Grenga Lucia , Gaillard Jean‐Charles , Gallais Fabrice , Bellanger Laurent , Pible Olivier , Armengaud Jean 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDetection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is a crucial tool for fighting the COVID‐19 pandemic. This dataset brief presents the exploration of a shotgun proteomics dataset acquired on SARS‐CoV‐2 infected Vero cells. Proteins from inactivated virus samples were extracted, digested with trypsin, and the resulting peptides were identified by data‐dependent acquisition tandem mass spectrometry. The 101 peptides reporting for six viral proteins were specifically analyzed in terms of their analytical characteristics, species specificity and conservation, and their proneness to structural modifications. Based on these results, a shortlist of 14 peptides from the N, S, and M main structural proteins that could be used for targeted mass‐spectrometry method development and diagnostic of the new SARS‐CoV‐2 is proposed and the best candidates are commented.
RAFT polymerization of tertiary sulfonium zwitterionic monomer in aqueous media for synthesis of protein stabilizing double hydrophilic block copolymers
Authors: Imamura Ryutaro , Masuko Kazunori , Mori Hideharu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) polymerization of a tertiary sulfonium‐containing zwitterionic monomer (N‐acryloyl‐L‐methionine methyl sulfonium salt: A‐Met[S+]‐OH) was performed in aqueous media in the presence of a water‐soluble chain‐transfer agent (CTA). Several parameters, such as the radical initiator, nature of the salt used as an additive, polymerization temperature, and solvent (water, buffer solution, and mixed solvents), were studied. The polymerization of A‐Met(S+)‐OH in acetate buffer using a trithiocarbonate‐type CTA having two carboxylic acid moieties proceeded in a controlled fashion at 45°C, as confirmed by the low polydispersity of the products (M
w/M
n < 1.1) and pre‐determined molecular weights. Poly(ethylene glycol)‐based macro‐CTA was also employed for the polymerization of A‐Met(S+)‐OH in mixed solvents (H2O/EtOH and H2O/DMF = 70/30 vol%) to afford novel nonionic‐zwitterionic double hydrophilic block copolymers. The chain extension of the hydrophilic poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide) macro‐CTA with A‐Met(S+)‐OH was well controlled in pure water under the appropriate conditions, resulting in the formation of block copolymers with “as‐designed” chain structures and relatively low dispersities (M
w/M
n < 1.3). The resulting sulfonium‐containing double hydrophilic block copolymers having optimal nonionic/zwitterionic balance were efficient protein‐stabilizing agents.
Design of a surrogate Anticalin protein directed against CD98hc for preclinical studies in mice
Authors: Deuschle Friedrich‐Christian , Schiefner André , Brandt Corinna , Skerra Arne 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe human CD98 heavy chain (CD98hc) offers a promising biomedical target both for tumor therapy and for drug delivery to the brain. We have previously developed a cognate Anticalin protein with picomolar affinity and demonstrated its effectiveness in a xenograft animal model. Due to the lack of cross‐reactivity with the murine ortholog, we now report the development and X‐ray structural analysis of an Anticalin with high affinity toward CD98hc from mouse. This binding protein recognizes the same protruding epitope loop—despite distinct structure—in the membrane receptor ectodomain as the Anticalin selected against human CD98hc. Thus, this surrogate Anticalin should be useful for the preclinical assessment of CD98hc targeting in vivo and support the translational development for medical application in humans.
Towards autonomous inspection of concrete deterioration in sewers with legged robots
Authors: Kolvenbach Hendrik , Wisth David , Buchanan Russell , Valsecchi Giorgio , Grandia Ruben , Fallon Maurice , Hutter Marco 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe regular inspection of sewer systems is essential to assess the level of degradation and to plan maintenance work. Currently, human inspectors must walk through sewers and use their sense of touch to inspect the roughness of the floor and check for cracks. The sense of touch is used since the floor is often covered by (waste) water and biofilm, which renders visual inspection very challenging. In this paper, we demonstrate a robotic inspection system which evaluates concrete deterioration using tactile interaction. We deployed the quadruped robot ANYmal in the sewers of Zurich and commanded it using shared autonomy for several such missions. The inspection itself is realized via a well‐defined scratching motion using one of the limbs on the sewer floor. Inertial and force/torque sensors embedded within specially designed feet captured the resulting vibrations. A pretrained support vector machine (SVM) is evaluated to assess the state of the concrete. The results of the classification are then displayed in a three‐dimensional map recorded by the robot for easy visualization and assessment. To train the SVM we recorded 625 samples with ground truth labels provided by professional sewer inspectors. We make this data set publicly available. We achieved deterioration level estimates within three classes of more than 92% accuracy. During the four deployment missions, we covered a total distance of 300 m and acquired 130 inspection samples.
Scandium(III) Trifluoromethanesulfonate Catalyzed Reactions of 9‐Aryl‐9‐fluorenols with 1,1‐Diarylethylenes
Authors: He. Yuchen , Tang Zhicong , Hong Gang , Hu Chen , Zhou Chen , Wang Limin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA new efficient approach to highly substituted fluorenes has been presented by reacting 9‐aryl‐9‐fluorenols with 1,1‐diarylethylenes. These reactions were catalyzed by Sc(OTf)3 and provided a wide variety of the corresponding products in excellent yields (up to 99 % yield). In addition, the initial photophysical property evaluation of certain products may inspire the development of potential OLEDs materials.
Trace analysis of potential genotoxic impurity N,N‐dimethylaniline in linagliptin active pharmaceutical ingredient using HPLC
Authors: Al‐Sabti Bashar , Harbali Jehad 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop an analytical method to determine the quantity of potential genotoxic impurity N,N‐dimethylaniline, a reactive reagent in the synthesis of linagliptin. The sensitivity of the method was high at a level of 0.9 ppm of N,N‐dimethylaniline relative to linagliptin. The analyses were performed on a KROMASIL CN (250 mm × 3.9 mm, 3.5 μm) column in reversed phase mode using acetonitrile–water (75:25, v/v) containing 25.0 mM ammonium acetate as the mobile phase. Flow rate of the mobile phase was 1.0 mL/min. A UV detector was used to detect the amount of N,N‐dimethylaniline at a wavelength 254 nm. Validation of the method was performed as per the International Council for Harmonization guidelines in terms of detection limit, quantitation limit, linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity, and robustness. The linearity of the method was excellent in the range of 0.9–450 ppm with a correlation coefficient of 0.9999. This method showed an excellent sensitivity with a detection limit and quantitation limit of 0.3 and 0.9 ppm, respectively.
Selective laser melting (SLM) of AISI 316L—impact of laser power, layer thickness, and hatch spacing on roughness, density, and microhardness at constant input energy density
Authors: Greco Sebastian , Gutzeit Kevin , Hotz Hendrik , Kirsch Benjamin , Aurich Jan C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn selective laser melting (SLM) the variation of process parameters significantly impacts the resulting workpiece characteristics. In this study, AISI 316L was manufactured by SLM with varying laser power, layer thickness, and hatch spacing. Contrary to most studies, the input energy density was kept constant for all variations by adjusting the scanning speed. The varied parameters were evaluated at two different input energy densities. The investigations reveal that a constant energy density with varying laser parameters results into considerable differences of the workpieces’ roughness, density, and microhardness. The density and the microhardness of the manufactured components can be improved by selecting appropriate parameters of the laser power, the layer thickness, and the hatch spacing. For this reason, the input energy density alone is no indicator for the resulting workpiece characteristics, but rather the ratio of scanning speed, layer thickness, or hatch spacing to laser power. Furthermore, it was found that the microhardness of an additively manufactured material correlates with its relative density. In the parameter study presented in this paper, relative densities of the additively manufactured workpieces of up to 99.9% were achieved.
Integrating Ecosystem Services in Nature Conservation for Colombia
Authors: Burgos-Ayala Aracely , Jiménez-Aceituno Amanda , Rozas-Vásquez Daniel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe ecosystem services (ES) approach has been introduced in environmental policies and management to serve as a link between nature and society. Communication, education, and participation actions (CEPA) have the potential to facilitate this link. In this research, we evaluated how CEPA have been implemented in biodiversity conservation projects that consider ES. We used content analysis to review 182 biodiversity conservation projects executed by 33 environmental authorities in Colombia. We also used multiple correspondence analysis and cluster analysis to classify projects on the basis of the purpose of CEPA, type of CEPA, integration of CEPA, ES addressed, main stakeholders, and aim of conservation. We found that five aspects are key to fostering social engagement in environmental management projects: promoting explicit consideration of the ES approaches, increasing conservation efforts focused on the non-material benefits of the ES, integrating different types of CEPA, including overlooked key actors (e.g., indigenous communities and women), and developing and implementing social indicators. These considerations might lead environmental managers to revise their daily practices and, eventually, inform policies that foster an explicit link between CEPA and ES approaches.
Habitat fragmentation and forest management alter woody plant communities in a Central European beech forest landscape
Authors: Bähner Kevin Wilhelm , Tabarelli Marcelo , Büdel Burkhard , Wirth Rainer 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHabitat fragmentation and forest management have been considered to drastically alter the nature of forest ecosystems globally. However, much uncertainty remains regarding the causative mechanisms mediating temperate forest responses, such as forest physical environment and the structure of woody plant assemblages, regardless of the role these forests play for global sustainability. In this paper, we examine how both habitat fragmentation and timber exploitation via silvicultural operations affect these two factors at local and habitat spatial scales in a hyper-fragmented landscape of mixed beech forests spanning more than 1500 km2 in SW Germany. Variables were recorded across 57 1000 m2 plots covering four habitats: small forest fragments, forest edges within large control forests, as well as managed and unmanaged forest interior sites. As expected, forest habitats differed in disturbance level, physical conditions and community structure at plot and habitat scale. Briefly, diversity of plant assemblages differed across all forest habitats (highest in edge forests) and correlated with integrative indices of edge, fragmentation and management effects. Surprisingly, managed and unmanaged forests did not differ in terms of species richness at local spatial scale, but managed forests exhibited a clear signal of physical/floristic homogenization as species promoted by silviculture proliferated; i.e. impoverished communities at landscape scale. Moreover, functional composition of plant communities responded to the microclimatic regime within forest fragments, resulting in a higher prevalence of species adapted to these microclimatic conditions. Our results underscore the notion that forest fragmentation and silvicultural management (1) promote changes in microclimatic regimes, (2) alter the balance between light-demanding and shade-adapted species, (3) support diverse floras across forest edges, and (4) alter patterns of beta diversity. Hence, in human-modified landscapes edge-affected habitats can be recognized as biodiversity reservoirs in contrast to impoverished managed interior forests. Furthermore, our results ratify the role of unmanaged forests as a source of environmental variability, species turnover, and distinct woody plant communities.
Student Teachers’ and Experienced Teachers’ Professional Vision of Students’ Understanding of the Rational Number Concept
Authors: Pouta Maikki , Lehtinen Erno , Palonen Tuire 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate differences in student teachers’ and experienced teachers’ professional vision in natural settings and to elicit clues of the relation of in-the-moment noticing and instruction quality of students’ understanding of rational number concept. Rational number concept challenges both students and teachers because of natural number bias that learning of rational numbers is vulnerable to. Accurate professional vision and adequate instructions are needed to enhance students’ understanding of rational number concept. Mobile eye-tracking technique enables video recording of natural teaching situations from a teacher’s perspective with more specific information of teacher’s in-the-moment noticing. Combined with cued retrospective reporting, this approach can gather more explicit evidence of teachers’ professional vision and instructions. Results indicated that both student teachers and experienced teachers attended to mathematical and fraction-related aspect similarly but differed in interpreting and instructing students’ fraction understanding. Student teachers made more advanced interpretations but their instructions were less adequate, whereas among experienced teachers, it was just the opposite. Furthermore, student teachers made more attempts to shared attention when using fraction understanding non-supporting instructions, whereas experienced teachers’ attempts to shared attention were related to fraction understanding supporting instructions. Results indicate student teachers’ difficulty to transfer pedagogical content knowledge from noticing to actions and experienced teachers to have more enhanced in-the-moment professional vision and its application to teaching. Practical implications for teacher training as well as methodological decisions of in-the-moment professional vision studies in natural settings are discussed.
Reliability-Based Stability Analysis of a Baltic Cliff by the Combined Response Surface Method
Authors: Winkelmann Karol , Zabuski Lesław , Przewłócki Jarosław , Górski Jarosław 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe study presents a probabilistic stability analysis of a Baltic cliff in Jastrzębia Góra, Poland. Progressive slope erosion is a threat to adjacent buildings, so safety assessment of the slope is essential. The cliff shows a compound, multi-layered geological structure, which makes the analysis of its reliability a complex multivariate problem. A simple, straightforward computational procedure was proposed, incorporating the Response Surface Method (RSM) linked with the standard Monte Carlo (MC) simulation method and the Point Estimate Method (PEM). PEM samples make it possible to analyse the sensitivity of the cliff’s stability to variation in subsoil parameters and to reduce the number of random variables of the problem. The proposed methods were tested in two cases: a high failure probability (undrained state) and a moderate failure probability (drained case). The so-called combined Response Surface Method (CRSM) proposed here may be successfully applied in geotechnical computations characterized by dispersion and uncertainty of soil data as well as a relatively high damage probability.
Drift–diffusion simulation of S-shaped current–voltage relations for organic semiconductor devices
Authors: Doan Duy Hai , Fischer Axel , Fuhrmann Jürgen , Glitzky Annegret , Liero Matthias 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe present an electrothermal drift–diffusion model for organic semiconductor devices with Gauss–Fermi statistics and positive temperature feedback for the charge carrier mobilities. We apply temperature-dependent Ohmic contact boundary conditions for the electrostatic potential and discretize the system by a finite volume based generalized Scharfetter–Gummel scheme. Using path-following techniques, we demonstrate that the model exhibits S-shaped current–voltage curves with regions of negative differential resistance, which were only recently observed experimentally.