bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of volatile compounds in Swedish yellow and gray peas: Implications for new legume‐based ingredients
Authors: Ferawati Ferawati , Witthöft Cornelia , Bergström Maria 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThere is a growing demand for alternative protein‐source ingredients from domestically cultivated pulses in Europe, including Sweden. However, the use of legumes as a food ingredient is limited by the presence of a distinct beany flavor. Mapping the volatile compounds composition in a standardized approach will aid in comparing different legume varieties and processing treatments. The composition of volatile compounds in flour from yellow and gray peas (raw and boiled) was investigated and compared. Volatile compounds were isolated by headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) and analyzed using gas chromatography‐mass spectrophotometry (GC‐MS). A total of 43 volatiles were identified, consisting mostly of aldehydes, followed by alkanes, alcohols, ketones, alkenes, furans, terpenes, aromatics, and sulfur‐containing compounds. Boiling led to a marked reduction in alcohols and an increase in aldehydes. Several markers of beany flavor, such as 1‐octen‐3‐ol, 2‐pentylfuran, and 3,5‐octadien‐2‐one, were significantly decreased after boiling. The composition of volatiles collected from yellow and gray peas was comparable, but boiled yellow pea had a higher abundance of beany flavor as compared to gray pea. Gray pea is an interesting variety to be explored further as a potential alternative to the well‐known yellow pea.
Metabolism overrides photo‐oxidation in CO2 dynamics of Arctic permafrost streams
Authors: Rocher‐Ros Gerard , Harms Tamara K. , Sponseller Ryan A. , Väisänen Maria , Mörth Carl‐Magnus , Giesler Reiner 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGlobal warming is enhancing the mobilization of organic carbon (C) from Arctic soils into streams, where it can be mineralized to CO2 and released to the atmosphere. Abiotic photo‐oxidation might drive C mineralization, but this process has not been quantitatively integrated with biological processes that also influence CO2 dynamics in aquatic ecosystems. We measured CO2 concentrations and the isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic C (δ13CDIC) at diel resolution in two Arctic streams, and coupled this with whole‐system metabolism estimates to assess the effect of biotic and abiotic processes on stream C dynamics. CO2 concentrations consistently decreased from night to day, a pattern counter to the hypothesis that photo‐oxidation is the dominant source of CO2. Instead, the observed decrease in CO2 during daytime was explained by photosynthetic rates, which were strongly correlated with diurnal changes in δ13CDIC values. However, on days when modeled photosynthetic rates were near zero, there was still a significant diel change in δ13CDIC values, suggesting that metabolic estimates are partly masked by O2 consumption from photo‐oxidation. Our results suggest that 6–12 mmol CO2‐C m−2 d−1 may be generated from photo‐oxidation, a range that corresponds well to previous laboratory measurements. Moreover, ecosystem respiration rates were 10 times greater than published photo‐oxidation rates for these Arctic streams, and accounted for 33–80% of total CO2 evasion. Our results suggest that metabolic activity is the dominant process for CO2 production in Arctic streams. Thus, future aquatic CO2 emissions may depend on how biotic processes respond to the ongoing environmental change.
Paroxysmal dyskinesia and epilepsy in pseudohypoparathyroidism
Authors: Zhang Chao , Zhou Xiangqin , Feng Mei , Yue Wei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundParoxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) and epilepsy share common pathogenic mechanisms but their pathophysiological connections remain unknown. Our study reports an individual with both disorders as a consequence of pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP). This observation suggests potential shared pathophysiological mechanisms between PKD and epilepsy.MethodsWe report the case of a 15‐year‐old male with pre‐diagnosed PKD and symptomatic epilepsy. We recorded the symptoms and carried out comprehensive biochemical, genetic, imaging, and EEG analyses to examine the characteristics and potentially shared etiology of these conditions.ResultsIn this case, the patient's PKD and symptomatic epilepsy were secondary to pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP). The patient had a seven‐year history of intermittent, involuntary paroxysmal episodic movements, and a six‐year history of a loss of consciousness with convulsions. The electroencephalography results showed that the paroxysmal low and medium amplitude slow waves, isolated sharp waves, and sharp slow‐wave release occurred in the right prefrontal temporal cortex. Serum analysis indicated a calcium concentration of 1.91 mmol/L, a phosphorus concentration of 2.68 mmol/L, an alkaline phosphatase concentration of 114 IU/L, and a parathyroid hormone concentration of 109 pg/ml. Computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging results showed multiple calcifications in the bilateral frontal and parietal lobe cortex, bilateral thalamus, basal ganglia, and centrum semiovale. Furthermore, GNAS methylation abnormalities were discovered during methylation testing. There was no recurrence of abnormal movements or epileptic seizures, and calcium concentrations returned to healthy levels, following the pharmacological treatment of PHP.ConclusionIn this case, PKD and symptomatic epilepsy were caused by PHP. This report underscores the importance of looking for biochemical abnormalities in PKD and symptomatic epilepsy patients. We suggest that all such intractable epilepsy seizure patients should be screened for PHP.
Abdominal wall reconstruction using anterolateral thigh flap with microsurgical pedicle lengthening technique: A case report
Authors: Kim Suhwan , Lee Kyeong‐Tae 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPedicled anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap has been employed for coverage of low abdominal wall defects. However, its use is limited for defects located more on the cranial side because of insufficient pedicle length. We present a case of successful reconstruction of mid‐abdominal wall defect using pedicled ALT flap, overcoming the issue of pedicle length shortage with a microsurgical pedicle lengthening technique. A 75‐year‐old man suffered from a 12 × 8 cm full‐thickness soft tissue defect on his mid‐abdominal wall originated from colon anastomosis site leakage after ileostomy takedown surgery. A pedicled ALT flap was planned for the defect coverage. After we performed debridement to prepare the wound bed, a 14 × 8.5 cm sized ALT flap based on two lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA) perforators was elevated. During intramuscular dissection of perforators, we dissected the distal portion of the LCFA descending branch. After full dissection of the pedicle to source vessels, we attempted to transfer the flap, but still the flap had short pedicle. We transected the pedicle just distal to the bifurcating point and reconnected it to the distal end of the dissected descending LCFA branch with microsurgical anastomosis. We passed the flap through a subcutaneous tunnel and conducted smooth flap insetting without any tension on the lengthened pedicle. Postoperatively, the wound healed successfully without complications. The patient was discharged 2 weeks after surgery and followed up at postoperative 3 months without adverse events. A local ALT flap with pedicle lengthened might be a reliable option for reconstruction of supraumbilical abdominal defects.
Applying a repetitive time‐reversal method to reduce input power of a wearable hyperthermia applicator for breast cancer treatment
Authors: Rahimi Faezeh , Chamaani Somayyeh 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this article, a hyperthermia healing system is presented for cancer treatment. To alleviate most of the microwave hyperthermia systems problems, such as high input power, complicated beamforming method, unwanted hot spots for superficial tumors, and bulky profile, a simple repetitive time‐reversal method is proposed to design a low power wearable hyperthermia applicator with low hotspots at 915 MHz. The objective of this algorithm is to obtin the desired focusing by the minimum possible number of antennas in an appropriate time and minimum required input power. In this paper, first, a symmetric 11‐element patch array is considered. Then, by applying a repetitive time‐reversal method, the number of elements decreases to 7 for deep and 4 for both superficial and intermediate tumors, respectively. The steady‐state temperature/specific absorption rate focusing and transient thermal analysis are investigated in CST MWS and COMSOL, respectively. The target temperature of 43°C is met after less than 10 minutes. The focusing diameter size varies between 1 and 2 cm depending on the number of elements and arrangements considered for different tumors. Compared to literature, this applicator needs very low input power, produces less unwanted hotspots, improves pationt comfort, reduces treatment cost which all leads to patient treatment persistency. Moreover, it does not need any complicated beamforming method.
Blood–brain barrier permeability measurement by biexponentially modeling whole‐brain arterial spin labeling data with multiple T2‐weightings
Authors: Schidlowski Martin , Boland Markus , Rüber Theodor , Stöcker Tony 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBlood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability assessment remains of ongoing interest in clinical practice and research. Transitions between intravascular (IV) and extravascular (EV) gray matter (GM) compartments may provide information regarding the microstructural status of the BBB. Due to different transverse relaxation times (T2) of water protons in vessels and GM, it is possible to determine the compartment in which these protons are located. This work presents and investigates the feasibility of a simplified analytical approach for compartmentalizing the proportions of magnetically marked water protons into IV and EV GM components by biexponentially modeling T2‐weighted arterial spin labeling (ASL) data. Numerous model assumptions were used to stabilize the fit and achieve in vivo applicability. Particularly, transverse relaxation times of IV and EV water protons were determined from the analysis of two supporting T2‐weighted ASL measurements, utilizing a monoexponential signal model. This stabilized a two‐parameter biexponential fit of ASL data with T2 preparation (PLD = 0.9/1.2/1.5/1.8 s, TET2Prep = 0/30/40/60/80/120/160 ms), which thereby robustly provided estimates of the IV and EV compartment fractions. Experiments were conducted with three healthy volunteers in a 3 T scanner. Averaged over all subjects, the labeled water protons inherit T2,IV = 200 ± 18 ms initially and adapt T2,EV = 91 ± 2 ms with a longer retention time in cerebral structures. Accordingly, the EVlocated ASL signal fraction rises with increasing PLD from 0.31 ± 0.11 at the shortest PLD of 0.9 s to 0.73 ± 0.02 at the longest PLD of 1.8s. These results indicate a transition of the water protons from IV to EV space. The findings support the potential of biexponential modeling for compartmentalizing ASL spin fractions between IV and EV space. The novel integration of monoexponential parameter estimates stabilizes the two‐compartment model fit, suggesting that this technique is suitable for robustly estimating the BBB permeability in vivo.
Phase‐field modeling of brittle fracture in a 3D polycrystalline material via an adaptive isogeometric‐meshfreeapproach
Authors: Li Weidong , Nguyen‐Thanh Nhon , Zhou Kun 
Published: July 2020

SummaryPhase‐field modeling, which introduces the regularized representation of sharp crack topologies, provides a convenient strategy for tackling 3D fracture problems. In this work, an adaptive isogeometric‐meshfree approach is developed for the phase‐field modeling of brittle fracture in a 3D polycrystalline material. The isogeometric‐meshfree approach uses moving least‐squares approximations to construct the equivalence between isogeometric basis functions and meshfree shape functions, thus inheriting the flexible local mesh refinement scheme from a meshfree method. This refinement scheme is improved by introducing an error estimator that includes both the phase field and its gradient. With the present approach, numerical implementations of the adaptive phase‐field modeling that introduces the anisotropy of fracture resistance in polycrystals are proposed. In this way, propagating cracks can be dynamically tracked, and the mesh near cracks is refined in a meshfree manner without requiring a priori knowledge of crack paths. Furthermore, the intergranular and transgranular crack propagation patterns in polycrystalline materials can be simulated by the present approach. A series of numerical examples that deal with the isotropic and anisotropic fracture are investigated to demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Factors influencing the utilization of Focused antenatal care services during pregnancy, a study among postnatal women in a tertiary healthcare facility, Ghana
Authors: Konlan Kennedy Diema , Saah Joel Afram , Amoah Roberta Mensima , Doat Abdul Razak , Mohammed Iddrisu , Abdulai Juliana Asibi , Konlan Kennedy Dodam 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimTo assess the factors that influence the utilization of FANC services among pregnant women.MethodologyA cross‐sectional quantitative study conducted among 210 postnatal women in Ho Teaching Hospital. Data were entered into Microsoft excel, cleaned and transported to SPSS and analysed. Cross tabulations were used to explore associations between variables.ResultsThe respondents indicated that FANC would enable them to receive comprehensive ANC (74.8%). Higher parity was significantly associated with low utilization of FANC (p = .028). Long distance to the health facility, seeking permission to use FANC was significantly associated with low utilization of FANC (p < .001). Fear associated with witchcraft was associated with low FANC utilization (p < .001).
Obesity May Connect Insulin Resistance to Decreased Neuronal Viability in Human Diabetic Brain
Authors: Lee Suji , Joo Yoon Ji , Kim Rye Young , Hwang Jaeuk , Lim Soo Mee , Yoon Sujung , Kim Jungyoon 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between insulin resistance and markers of neuronal viability and energy metabolism, as well as the additive effects of overweight or obesity, in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsUsing 1H‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy, prefrontal N‐acetyl aspartate (NAA) and creatine levels, markers for neuronal viability and energy metabolism, respectively, were measured in 50 adults with overweight or obesity and T2DM (T2DM‐O; aged 49.0 ± 7.4 years; 50% female), 50 adults with normal weight and T2DM (T2DM‐N), and 50 healthy adults with normal weight (healthy‐control [HC] group) matched for age and sex. The homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance levels were calculated to assess insulin resistance.ResultsPrefrontal NAA levels were lower in the T2DM‐O group relative to the HC group (t = −2.51, P = 0.013). Higher insulin resistance was associated with lower prefrontal NAA levels in the T2DM‐O group (t = −2.21, P = 0.032) but not in the T2DM‐N group (t = −0.72, P = 0.48). Prefrontal creatine levels did not differ across the three groups.ConclusionsOverweight and obesity might contribute to T2DM‐related neuronal viability deficits and could be the key links that connect insulin resistance to the decreased neuronal viability in the human diabetic brain.
Long‐term renal function after treatment for unilateral, nonsyndromic Wilms tumor. A report from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study
Authors: Green Daniel M. , Wang Mingjuan , Krasin Matthew J. , Davidoff Andrew M. , Srivastava DeoKumar , Jay Dennis W. , Ness Kirsten K. , Shulkin Barry L. , Spunt Sheri L. , Jones Deborah P. , Lanctot Jennifer Q. , Shelton Kyla C. , Brennan Rachel C. , Mulrooney Daniel A. , Ehrhardt Matthew J. , Gibson Todd M. , Kurt Beth A. , Robison Leslie L. , Hudson Melissa M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of specific treatment modalities on long‐term renal function and blood pressure among adult survivors of Wilms tumor (WT) has not been well documented.MethodsAmong 40 WT survivors and 35 noncancer controls, we estimated the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the Chronic Kidney Disease‐Epidemiology (CKD‐EPI) equations with and without cystatin C, obtained 24‐hour ambulatory blood pressure readings, and, among survivors only, measured 99mTc diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) plasma clearance. Survivors were treated with unilateral nephrectomy and nonnephrotoxic chemotherapy. Twenty received whole abdomen radiation therapy (WART) [median –16.5 Gray (Gy)], and 20 received no radiation therapy. Pairwise comparisons between survivors treated with and without WART, and each group to controls were performed using two‐sample t tests.ResultsTwenty‐six (65%) WT survivors were female, and 33 (83%) were non‐Hispanic white. GFR estimated with creatinine or creatinine + cystatin C was decreased among irradiated survivors compared with controls. No irradiated or unirradiated participant had an eGFR (creatinine + cystatin C) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. The prevalence of hypertension was significantly increased among unirradiated (25%) and irradiated survivors (35%) compared with controls (0%). Of the 24‐hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring parameters evaluated, only mean sleep period diastolic blood pressure load of those who received WART was significantly different from that of controls.ConclusionsChronic kidney disease was infrequent in long‐term survivors of unilateral nonsyndromic WT, whether treated with WART or no radiation. The prevalence of hypertension was increased in both groups compared with controls, emphasizing the need for ongoing monitoring of renal and cardiovascular health.
Vaccination in pediatric cancer survivors: Vaccination rates, immune status, and knowledge regarding compliance
Authors: Choi Daniel K. , Strzepka Jessica T. , Hunt Samantha R. , Tannenbaum Viktorya L. , Jang Inae E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundVaccination recommendations for childhood cancer survivors are ambiguous. Limited data exist on vaccination rates and patient/caregiver knowledge of vaccination postchemotherapy.ProcedureA single‐institution study of childhood cancer survivors treated from 1996 to 2018. Study included a retrospective chart review assessing patient's vaccination status, survey of patient's/caregiver's knowledge/beliefs regarding vaccination postchemotherapy, and assessment of immunoglobulin titers.ResultsA total of 120 patient charts were included. Vaccination records were available for 82% (98/120) of patients, 57% (56/98) were up to date with vaccinations before chemotherapy, and 83% (81/98) received vaccinations after chemotherapy. Children who resumed vaccination postchemotherapy were younger at cancer diagnosis compared to those who did not resume vaccination (2 vs 4 years, P < .02). Median time since chemotherapy was higher in vaccinated versus unvaccinated patients (107 vs 60 months, P < .02). Immunoglobulin titers were assessed in 27 patients, and 74% (20/27) were not immune to one or more infections tested. Lack of immunity to pneumococcal strains was the most common. There was no difference in median age at diagnosis or time since chemotherapy completion in immune versus nonimmune patients.In 33 surveyed patients/caregivers, 33% (11/33) were not advised about resuming vaccinations postchemotherapy. Over one‐third (12/33) of respondents were concerned about vaccination safety after chemotherapy, although 88% (29/33) agreed they would vaccinate if recommended by their pediatrician/pediatric oncologist.ConclusionsMost childhood cancer survivors resume vaccinations postchemotherapy. Considerable variability exists in vaccination timing after chemotherapy. Pediatric oncologists play a central role in educating patients/pediatricians about vaccination recommendations postchemotherapy.
Machine learning outcome regression improves doubly robust estimation of average causal effects
Authors: Choi Byeong Yeob , Wang Chen‐Pin , Gelfond Jonathan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundDoubly robust estimation produces an unbiased estimator for the average treatment effect unless both propensity score (PS) and outcome models are incorrectly specified. Studies have shown that the doubly robust estimator is subject to more bias than the standard weighting estimator when both PS and outcome models are incorrectly specified.MethodWe evaluated whether various machine learning methods can be used for estimating conditional means of the potential outcomes to enhance the robustness of the doubly robust estimator to various degrees of model misspecification in terms of reducing bias and standard error. We considered four types of methods to predict the outcomes: least squares, tree‐based methods, generalized additive models and shrinkage methods. We also considered an ensemble method called the Super Learner (SL), which is a linear combination of multiple learners. We conducted simulations considering different scenarios by the complexity of PS and outcome‐generating models and some ranges of treatment prevalence.ResultsThe shrinkage methods performed well with robust doubly robust estimates in term of bias and mean squared error across the scenarios when the models became rich by including all 2‐way interactions of the covariates. The SL performed similarly to the best method in each scenario.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that machine learning methods such as the SL or the shrinkage methods using interaction models should be used for more accurate doubly robust estimators.
Colorectal cancer patients can be advocates for colorectal cancer screening for their siblings: A study on siblings' perspectives
Authors: Tan Ker‐Kan , Lim Tian‐Zhi , Chew Emily , Chow Wen‐Min , Koh Gerald Choon‐Huat 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study was performed to explore in‐depth, the issues and barriers pertaining to colorectal cancer (CRC) screening amongst the siblings of CRC patients in view of their higher risk of developing CRC.MethodsA qualitative study of siblings of CRC patients was performed from August 2017 to October 2018. Semi‐structured interviewed were performed until data saturation was achieved. The data was then thematically analysed.ResultsA total of 36 siblings of CRC patients, with a median age of 59 (range 39‐78) years old completed the interviews. All the interviews were conducted alone with the participants. Each interview lasted between 30 and 45 minutes. None of the participants has undergone screening colonoscopy prior to the interviews.After thematic analysis, five themes were identified. These include: (i) Misunderstanding their own risk of developing colorectal cancer; (ii) Misperceptions of the role of “screening” for colorectal cancer.; (iii) Misconception of the CRC screening modality for FDRs; (iv) Barriers and facilitators of undergoing screening; (v) Misperceptions of national healthcare policies.ConclusionsIdentifying and addressing the identified barriers for these siblings to undergo screening colonoscopy is easily attainable. A multi‐pronged approach should also be adopted to address the various concerns so as to reduce the incidence of CRC amongst these higher risk individuals.