bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSXII-1 Effects of early weaning on feed intake, growth performance, and diarrhea rate of Hu lambs
Authors: Wang Shiqin , Diao Qiyu , Cui Kai , Bi Yanliang , Zhang Naifeng 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of early weaning on growth performance, feed intake and diarrhea rate of Hu lambs, and establish the experimental model of early weaning stress in lambs. A total of 60 neonatal male Hu lambs were randomly allotted into 10 pens and 6 lambs in each pen with their ewes. Five pens of lambs were weaned at 21days of age as early weaning group (EW group), and the other 5 pens of lambs were remained with their ewes as control group (CON group). Body weight (BW) were recorded at birth (d0) and at d7, 14, 21, 22, 24, 26, 28, 35,42 and 49 after birth. Solid feed intake of lambs in each pen was recorded and diarrhea incidence was also monitored on daily basis. Data was analyzed using the MIXED model of SAS, and statistical significance was determined at P &lt; 0.05. There was no difference in BW at birth and d21 between the two groups of lambs (P &gt; 0.05). However, BW and average daily gain (ADG) of the lambs in EW group were significantly lower than those in CON group (P &lt; 0.01) since weaning. Solid feed intake of the lambs in EW group were obviously higher than that in CON group (P &lt; 0.01). In addition, the diarrhea rate was significantly higher than that in CON group from d21 to d35 (P &lt; 0.01). The results indicated that lambs weaned at d21 showed strong stress response by significantly decreasing in BW and ADG, and had more feed intake but higher diarrhea rate. Future study is warranted to determine the changes in gut microbiota and barrier function to assess the mechanism of early weaning on health status and growth performance of lambs, and to investigate nutritional intervention methods to alleviate weaning stress.
PSXII-3 Impact of a fibrolytic enzyme additive on digestibility and performance in the grower and early finisher phases of feedlot cattle
Authors: Williams Melissa S , AlZahal Ousama , Mandell Ira B , McBride Brian W 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine if a fibrolytic enzyme feed additive would improve animal performance and apparent total tract digestibility of fibre in feedlot rations. To meet these objectives 54 steers were assigned to one of three pens by weight and fed a corn-based grower (78.7% corn-silage and 20% dried distillers grains plus solubles, DM basis) diet for 80 days, followed by a finisher diet (60% high moisture corn, 20% DDGS, and 17% alfalfa haylage, DM basis) for 60 days. Steers were randomly assigned to control (CON; n = 27) or enzyme (ENZ; n = 27) treatments, with ENZ steers receiving 0.75 ml/kg DM of the enzyme additive. Every 28 days body weight, ultrasound measures of back and rump fat depths were recorded, and blood was collected via jugular venipuncture. Ruminal pH was monitored using a reticulo-ruminal in-dwelling probe and recorded at five minutes intervals over three weeks each in the grower phase and through the transition. Apparent total tract digestibility was measured using acid-insoluble ash as an internal marker. Data were analyzed as a complete randomized block design using PROC GLIMMIX in SAS, with treatment as a fixed effect, and block as a random effect. Adding ENZ during the grower and early finisher phases did not impact (P ≥ 0.05) animal performance traits (gains, feed intake, feed conversion), blood metabolites, or ruminal pH in grower or finisher periods. However, ENZ significantly (P ≤ 0.05) improved digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, sugar, and net energy of gains. This study has demonstrated that the use of this fibrolytic enzyme in a corn-based feedlot diet improved digestibility of some nutrients, but this did not result in improved steer performance.
PSXII-18 The influence of molybdenum in drinking water or feed on apparent absorption and retention of molybdenum and copper in beef steers
Authors: Thorndyke Meghan P , Tillquist Nicole M , Jones Nicole M , Engle Terry 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Twelve Angus steers (BW 694.1 ± 47.4 kg) fitted ruminal cannulae were used to examine the effect of molybdenum (Mo) supplemented in drinking water or feed on apparent absorption and retention of Mo and copper (Cu). Steers were fed a low-quality grass hay diet (DM basis: 6.5% CP; 0.13% S, 3.4 mg Cu/kg, 2.4 mg Mo/kg) for 14 d. Steers were then housed in individual metabolism stalls for 3 d to determine DMI. Steers were then blocked by BW and DMI and randomly assigned within block to one of three treatments (n = 4 steers per treatment). Treatments consisted of: 1) Control (no supplemental Mo); 2) 5.0 mg Mo/kg DM from sodium molybdate dihydrate (Mo-diet), and 3) 1.5 mg Mo/l from sodium molybdate dihydrate delivered in the drinking water (Mo-water). After the 3d DMI determination period, total fecal and urine output was collected for 5 d. Dry matter intake and DM digestibility were similar across treatments. Data were analyzed using a mixed effects model (PROC MIXED, SAS) for a completely randomized block design. Apparent absorption of Cu was greater (P &lt; 0.05) in Control and Mo-water steers when compared to Mo-diet steers. Apparent retention of Cu was greater (P &lt; 0.05) in Control steers when compared to Mo-diet steers. Steers receiving Mo-water had a similar apparent retention of Cu when compared to Control and Mo-diet steers. By design, treatment was a significant (P &lt; 0.01) source of variation for Mo intake. Control steers had lesser (P &lt; 0.05) Mo intake when compared to Mo-diet and Mo-water supplemented steers. Apparent absorption and retention of Mo were greater (P &lt; 0.05) in Mo-diet steers compared to Control and Mo-water steers. These data indicate that Mo metabolism and apparent absorption of Cu are different when Mo is supplemented in water relative to feed.
PSXII-37 Effects of different sources of monensin on performance and carcass traits of feedlot beef cattle
Authors: Fernandes Juliano José R , Teixeira Daniel Augusto A , Bomfim Lorena E L M , Couto Victor R M , Lopes Catarina N 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of monensin source on performance and carcass characteristics of Nellore bulls offered a high-concentrate diet during the finishing phase. On d 0 of the study, 240 Nellore bulls (initial BW = 363.2 ± 40.9 kg) were ranked and blocked according to initial BW, whereas within blocks animals were allotted into pens and randomly assigned into 1 of 3 treatments: 1) no ionophore feeding (CONT), 2) CONT diet plus 28 ppm (mg/kg DM) of monensin sodium-A (Rumensin ™ -200; Elanco Animal Health), and 3) CONT diet plus 28 ppm monensin sodium-B (generic). The experimental period lasted 104 d and was divided into a 21-d adaptation period and an 83-d finishing phase. During the adaptation phase, both monensin sources increased (P ≤ 0.01) BW change, ADG, and F:G ratio, reducing the DMI variation (P = 0.02). When the entire experimental period was evaluated, no treatment effects were detected (P ≥ 0.26) on final BW, BW change, total DMI, DMI as % BW, and ADG. Nonetheless, DMI variation was reduced as monensin was included in the diet (P = 0.01) and, as expected, only MON-A improved the efficiency of the animals by reducing the F:G ratio (P = 0.05) compared with CONT and by reducing (P = 0.05) the biological efficiency when compared with the MON-B group. Additionally, carcass ADG tended (P = 0.10) to be greater for MON-A compared with MON-B, no other differences in the carcass characteristics were observed (P ≥ 0.53). In summary, monensin feeding reduced DMI variation in the feedlot, but the source of monensin is important for the feedlot scenario, given that only MON-A significantly benefited the performance during the finishing phase of Nellore bulls offered a high-concentrate diet.
PSXIV-9 Effect of monensin, a blend of essential oils and Lithothamnium calcareum over two racial groups in finishing cattle diets
Authors: Guerreiro Pedro , Meschiatti Murillo A , Monteiro Ludmila de Souza , Gouvêa Vinícius , Santos Flavio 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study aimed the evaluation of the effects of three feed additives – sodium monensin (MON; 32 mg/kg DM), Lithothamnium calcareum plus sodium monensim (LC+MON; LithoNutri® 5g/kg DM + 32 mg/kg DM) or a blend of essential oils (BEO; BioPhitus® 0.3g/kg DM) – and its interaction with two ratial groups of beef cattle – Nellore (NEL) vs. Crossbreds (CROSS) – on a finishing diet. Ninety Nellore bulls (initial BW = 394 ± 34 kg) and ninety crossbreds (initial BW = 406 ± 31 kg), were fed for 112 days, diets containing 8.5% sugarcane bagasse, 42.2% of fine ground corn, 41.7% of citrus pulp, 5% of soybean meal, 1.3% of urea, 0.35% of sodium chloride and 0.95% of minerals and vitamins. Treatments were NEL+MON; NEL+LC+MON; NEL+BEO; CROSS+MON; CROSS+LC+MON; CROSS+BEO in a randomized complete block with a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement (2 racial groups and 3 feed additives). There were no interactions between racial groups and feed additives (P &gt; 0.05). Regardless of the additive used there were no differences in final BW (P = 0.237), ADG (P = 0.610), HCW (P = 0.120) or dressing (P = 0.095). Animals fed LC+MON had lower DMI (P &lt; 0.01) than animals fed MON or BEO (7.74 kg, 8.64 kg, 9.26 kg, respectively). However, feed efficiency (G:F) of LC+MON did not differ from MON. Animals fed diets with BEO had lower G:F than animals fed diets with MON or LC+MON (P &lt; 0.01; 0.1382, 0.1469 and 0.1550 respectively). Animals fed diets with MON or LC+MON were 6.3% and 12% more efficient than animals fed with BEO. Crossbred bulls had higher DMI (P &lt; 0.001), ADG (P &lt; 0.001), FBW (P &lt; 0.001) and HCW (P &lt; 0.001) than Nellore bulls. In summary, LC reduced DMI not altering feed efficiency. Diets containing BEO reduced G:F of the animals when compared with animals receiving diets containing MON.
PSX-30 Influence of cut, breed type and supplementation on consumer ratings of pasture-raised lamb
Authors: O’Brien Dahlia , Wildeus Stephan , Nartea Theresa , Lee Jung 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Consumer ratings and influence of cut, breed type and feed supplementation on sensory attributes of lamb meat were investigated. Lamb cuts (leg, loin, rib and foreshank) were obtained from purebred hair sheep (PB; n = 18; Barbados Blackbelly or St. Croix) and crossbred wool × hair sheep ram lambs (CB; n = 17; Dorset × Barbados Blackbelly or Dorset × St. Croix) rotationally grazed for 77 d in late spring on tall fescue only (PS) or supplemented with soy hull (SH) or corn gluten (CG) at 2.0% of BW (DM basis) at individual feeding stations. Lambs were harvested at 10 mo of age. Customers (n = 170) of a local food hub randomly received two different cuts of lamb and were asked to complete a survey rating each cut for qualitative characteristics (1=extremely undesirable to 9=extremely desirable) before and after cooking. Customer demographics and diet habits were also recorded. Responses were analyzed using PROC NPAR1WAY and GLM procedures of SAS; survey response rate was 66% (113/170). Cut of lamb did not influence attributes. Breed type affected pre-cooking aroma (CB &gt; PB; P &lt; 0.05); tended to affect pre-cooking quality (CB &gt; PB; P = 0.07); and affected after-cooking texture (PB &gt; CB; P &lt; 0.01). Diet affected (P &lt; 0.05) pre-cooking texture (SH &gt; CG &gt; PS; P &lt; 0.02) and tended to influence after cooking juiciness (PS &lt; SH = CG; P = 0.09). Before-cooking attributes were influenced by a breed x diet interaction (P &lt; 0.05) with CB x PS and PB x CG consistently receiving lower scores for color, texture, appearance, quality and ease of preparation. After-cooking aroma was lower (P &lt; 0.05) for CB x SH and PB x PS compared to PB x CG lambs only. Results indicate that breed type and supplementation, but not type of cut, selectively influenced consumer sensory ratings of pasture raised hair sheep lamb.
PSX-31 Effects of substitution of corn and soybean meal with dried distiller’s grains and solubles (DDGS) in legume based diets on lamb feed intake, body weight gain and blood metabolites
Authors: Lyte Kianna E , Kouakou Brou , Lee Jung 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In the United States, bioethanol is generated from corn and biodiesel from soybean oil to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. Ethanol production generates DDGS, high in bypass protein and soluble carbohydrates, which can be used as a cheaper alternative replacement for corn and soybean. This experiment was conducted to evaluate voluntary feed intake, body weight gain and blood metabolites of lambs fed legume-based diets supplemented with corn and soybean meal or dried distillers grain with solubles (DDGS). Animals were individually housed in pens (1.52 mx 1.52 m) under a modified carport shed with woodchips as bedding. They were stratified into four groups (n = 9) with similar weights and standard deviation and randomly assigned to four treatments. The lambs were fed ground sericea hay (SL) or alfalfa meal (ALF) with either corn and soybean meal (control) or DDGS for 60 days. Treatments were SLC, SLDDGS, ALFC and AFLDDGS. The lambs were fed ad libitum based on their selected treatment and given water daily. At the end of the 60 days, weights and blood samples were collected. Plasma samples were analyzed for blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glucose and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Data were analyzed using Proc Mix Procedure of SAS. Results indicated that replacing corn with DDGS did not (P &gt; 0.05) affect voluntary feed intake, final live weight and carcass weight. Blood NEFA and glucose were not affected by dietary treatments. BUN increased in lambs fed alfalfa with corn and soybean meal compared to animals fed either legume supplemented with DDGS. Similarly animals fed sericea have lower (P &lt; 0.05) BUN (19 vs 23 mg/dL) when corn and soybean meal were replaced with DDGS. DDGS can be used in legume diets for growing lambs in replacement for corn and soybean meal.
Impact of Profound Burn on the Quality of Life of Women Attended at the Referral Outpatient Clinic in the State of Pernambuco
Authors: Freitas Shirley Maria Santos Mergulhão , Lima Cláudia Fonseca , Albuquerque Ana Karlla , Freitas Júnior Ricardo Altino , Souza Gustavo Fonseca Albuquerque , Souza Alex Sandro Rolland 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Analyze the influence of deep-degree burns on the quality of life (QoL) of women at treatment in ambulatory after hospital discharge. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a reference public hospital for burns in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, from August 2017 to May 2018. Fifty adult women over 20 years old who suffered deep burns and were in outpatient rehabilitation treatment were included. The variables studied were biological, sociodemographic, and clinical. The dynamometry and goniometry tests and the instruments to verify the QV Burn-Specific Health Scale–Revised were included in the analysis. Multiple linear regression models were fitted to identify factors associated with the six domains of the QoL instrument. The results identified a greater negative influence of burns on the QoL of women when associated with the variables: dark-black skin color, low levels of education, low income, motion impairment in right upper limb and lesions less than 6 months in the face, head and neck region. It should be noticed that the overall QoL score presented a median of 92.0, a score considered high, revealing an important QoL impairment. Deep-degree burn victims had a great impact on physical, emotional, and psychological abilities, acting harmfully on their self-image and causing difficulties in the execution of their daily and professional life activities, which are reinforced by aspects such as social position, level of education, and extent and duration of injury, resulting in a low QoL.
Multidisciplinary Treatment to Restore Vision in Ocular Burns
Authors: Christensen Joani M , Shanbhag Swapna S , Shih Grace C , Goverman Jeremy , Pomahac Bohdan , Chodosh James , Ehrlichman Richard J 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Periorbital burns generate contraction and distortion of periorbital soft tissue, causing eyelid malfunction, further contributing to loss of vision from corneal scarring or perforation. We present our multidisciplinary algorithm to restore vision in patients with burn-related bilateral corneal blindness with light perception. Chart review was performed for four consecutive burn patients requiring periocular reconstruction and keratoprosthesis. Initial treatment included globe coverage with eyelid releases and grafts. Strategy of corneal replacement was determined by eyelid position and function and sufficiency of tear production. All patients were corneal blind with light perception only and cicatricial ectropion. The eye with better visual prognosis was reconstructed. Eyelid reconstruction procedures consisted of lid releases with full-thickness skin graft (FTSG) or split-thickness skin graft (STSG). Two patients regained adequate lid function and underwent standard keratoprosthesis placement. Two underwent mucous membrane grafts followed by keratoprosthesis. All patients experienced improved postoperative vision in their reconstructed eye. Corneal injury due to periocular burns can lead to blindness. Early involvement of ophthalmology, protective measures, and early ectropion release are critical. For severe burns, a multidisciplinary approach, where adequate globe protection is followed by keratoprosthesis placement, can effectively restore vision in patients with burn-related corneal blindness.
Buying First or Selling First in Housing Markets
Authors: Moen Espen R , Nenov Plamen T , Sniekers Florian 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Housing transactions by moving homeowners take two steps—buying a new house and selling the old one. This paper argues that the transaction sequence decisions of moving homeowners have important effects on the housing market. Moving homeowners prefer to buy first whenever there are more buyers than sellers in the market. However, this congests the buyer side of the market and increases the buyer–seller ratio, further strengthening the incentives of other moving owners to buy first. This endogenous strategic complementarity leads to multiple steady state equilibria and large fluctuations, which are broadly consistent with stylized facts about the housing cycle.
Information is power: ruling C-239/18 and the informative obligation of official bodies vis-à-vis plant variety right holders within the framework of the agricultural exemption*
Authors: López Ángela Martínez 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Case C-239/18, Saatgut-Treuhandverwaltungs GmbH v Freistaat Thüringen, Court of Justice of the European Union, judgment of 17 October 2019, EC?&gt;LI?&gt;:?&gt;E?&gt;U?&gt;:?&gt;C?&gt;:?&gt;2019:869
The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), in case C-239/18 Saatgut-Treuhandverwaltungs GmbH v Freistaat Thüringen (henceforth, ‘Freistaat Thüringen’), shed light on the scope of the information that official bodies must facilitate further to the request of a plant variety right holder within the framework of the so-called ‘agricultural exemption’ (commonly referred to as ‘farm-saved-seed’ privilege). For holders, knowledge of the users (and concrete use by such) of the agricultural exemption is of paramount importance in guaranteeing a tangible base upon which to enforce their right to remuneration from these users.
Radio stream aggregator TuneIn held to infringe rightholders' copyrights
Authors: Heinzl Bernhard 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Warner Music UK Ltd v Tuneln Inc [2019] EWHC 2923 (Ch)
The High Court of England and Wales has held that radio stream aggregator TuneIn was in some cases infringing Warner's and Sony's copyrights by providing links to online streams of radio stations. The Court considered it a test case, and the parties submitted that the decision would no less than either ‘fatally undermine copyright’ or ‘break the internet’. In the finely nuanced judgment by Birss J, the CJEU's principle that linking to unlicensed content may infringe copyright was reinforced.
Infected Mosquitoes Have Altered Behavior to Repellents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Lajeunesse Marc J , Avello Daniel A , Behrmann Morgan S , Buschbacher Thomas J , Carey Kayla , Carroll Jordyn , Chafin Timothy J , Elkott Fatima , Faust Ami M , Fauver Hope , Figueroa Gabriela D , Flaig Louisa L , Gauta Sarah A , Gonzalez Cristian , Graham Rowan M , Hamdan Khalid , Hanlon Thomas , Hashami Syad N , Huynh Dora , Knaffl Jessica L , Lanzas Milton , Libell Nicole M , McCabe Casey , Metzger Jamie , Mitchell Isabella , Morales Marisol A , Nayyar Yogi R , Perkins Aaron , Phan Tam-Anh , Pidgeon Nicholas T , Ritter Camryn L , Rosales Veronica C , Santiago Olivia , Stephens Rebecca , Taylor Ethan J , Thomas Anup J , Yanez Nicholas E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Here we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to reach a consensus on whether infected and uninfected mosquitoes respond differently to repellents. After screening 2,316 published studies, theses, and conference abstracts, we identified 18 studies that tested whether infection status modulated the effectiveness of repellents. Thirteen of these studies had outcomes available for meta-analysis, and overall, seven repellents were tested (typically DEET with 62% of outcomes), six mosquito species had repellence behaviors measured (typically Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes with 71% of outcomes), and a broad diversity of infections were tested including Sindbis virus (Togaviridae: Alphavirus) (33% of outcomes), Dengue (Flaviviridae: Flavivirus) (31%), malaria (Plasmodium berghei Vincke & Lips (Haemospororida: Plasmodiidae) or P. falciparum Welch (Haemospororida: Plasmodiidae); 25%), Zika (Flaviviridae: Flavivirus) (7%), and microsporidia (4%). Pooling all outcomes with meta-analysis, we found that repellents were less effective against infected mosquitoes—marking an average 62% reduction in protective efficacy relative to uninfected mosquitoes (pooled odds ratio = 0.38, 95% confidence interval = 0.22–0.66; k = 96). Older infected mosquitoes were also more likely to show altered responses and loss of sensitivity to repellents, emphasizing the challenge of distinguishing between age or incubation period effects. Plasmodium- or Dengue-infected mosquitoes also did not show altered responses to repellents; however, Dengue–mosquito systems used inoculation practices that can introduce variability in repellency responses. Given our findings that repellents offer less protection against infected mosquitoes and that these vectors are the most dangerous in terms of disease transmission, then trials on repellent effectiveness should incorporate infected mosquitoes to improve predictability in blocking vector–human contact.