bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct oral anticoagulants for cancer‐associated venous thromboembolisms: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Samaranayake Chinthaka B. , Anderson James , McCabe Colm , Zahir Syeda Farah , W. Upham John , Keir Gregory 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundSeveral recent randomised controlled trials (RCT) have investigated the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) in the treatment of malignancy‐associated venous thromboembolism (VTE).AimsThis meta‐analysis combines all RCT data to determine the risks of recurrent VTE and bleeding with DOAC in patients with malignancy‐associated VTE compared with low‐molecular‐weight heparin (LMWH).MethodsThe study followed PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL were systematically searched from inception to 1 April 2020. References of reviews and relevant conference proceedings were searched by hand. Two authors independently evaluated study eligibility, extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Direct and indirect meta‐analyses were performed.ResultsIn four RCT with low risk of bias (2907 patients), high certainty evidence suggested that DOAC had a 37% reduction in risk of recurrent VTE compared with LMWH (direct pooled risk ratio (RR) 0.63; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.44–0.91; I2 = 28%). No significant difference was observed in the risk of major bleeding with DOAC compared with LMWH (RR 1.31; 95% CI 0.83–2.07; I2 = 22%; moderate certainty evidence), including in patients in gastrointestinal and genitourinary malignancy. An increased risk of combined major or clinically relevant non‐major bleeding was seen with DOAC (RR 1.52; 95% CI 1.09–2.12; I2 = 51%; low certainty evidence). Apixaban had the highest probability of being ranked the most effective and least bleeding risk among the DOAC.ConclusionDOAC are effective in treating malignancy associated VTE; however, caution is required in patients with high risk of bleeding. Apixaban had lower risk of bleeding compared to other DOAC in this population.
The Phillips Curve at the ECB
Authors: Eser Fabian , Karadi Peter , Lane Philip R. , Moretti Laura , Osbat Chiara 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe explain the role of the Phillips Curve in the analysis of the economic outlook and the formulation of monetary policy at the ECB. First, revisiting the structural Phillips Curve, we highlight the challenges in recovering structural parameters from reduced‐form estimates and relate the reduced‐form Phillips Curve to the (semi‐)structural models used at the ECB. Second, we identify the slope of the structural Phillips Curve by exploiting cross‐country variation and using high‐frequency monetary policy surprises as instruments. Third, we present reduced‐form evidence, focusing on the relation between slack and inflation and the role of inflation expectations. In relation to the recent weakness of inflation, we discuss the role of firm profits in the pass‐through from wages to prices and the contribution of external factors. Overall, the available evidence supports the view that the absorption of slack and a firm anchoring of inflation expectations remain central to successful inflation stabilization.
Processes that enable public health professionals to organize preventive care support groups
Authors: Oichi Miki , Kamishima Tamotsu , Hirano Michiyo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study examines the structure of the process that public health professionals (PHPs) use to organize preventive care groups for older adults and the elements that strengthen this process.Design and SampleThe study was conducted using a quantitative descriptive design. Anonymous self‐administered questionnaires were distributed by mail to 919 PHPs, including nurses and social workers employed by local governments in a Japanese prefecture, who facilitated recreational groups for older adults for the purposes of preventive care.MeasuresItems related to the process and the awareness of support were based on previous research. The process structure was examined using exploratory factor analysis, while multiple logistic regression analysis was used to study strengthening elements.ResultsThe process yielded six factors (encouraging clarity with respect to the group's activity policy; creating connections with other resources; fostering independence; encouraging activity evaluation; creating relationships with group members; understanding the strengths and weaknesses of communities and individuals) with a total of 23 items. Two of three indicators of awareness of support were significantly related to the process.ConclusionsUnderstanding the importance of strengthening elements might improve support groups for older adults.
Blood utilization and clinical outcomes in pancreatic surgery before and after implementation of patient blood management
Authors: Frank Steven M. , Lo Brian D. , Yesantharao Lekha V. , Merkel Kevin R. , Qin Caroline X. , Cho Brian C. , Lee K.H. Ken , Wintermeyer Tyler L. , Hebbar Sachidanand , Burkhart Richard A. , Goel Ruchika , Gehrie Eric A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundOver the past decade, patient blood management (PBM) programs have been developed to reduce allogeneic blood utilization. This is particularly important in pancreatic surgery, which has historically been associated with high transfusion requirements and morbid event rates. This study investigated blood utilization and clinical outcomes in pancreatic surgery before, during, and after the implementation of PBM.Study Design and MethodsA total of 3482 pancreatic surgery patients were assessed in a 10‐year retrospective cohort study (2009‐2019) at a single academic center. Baseline patient characteristics, transfusion practices, postoperative morbidity (infectious, thrombotic, ischemic, respiratory, and renal complications), mortality, and length of stay were compared between patients in the pre‐PBM (2009‐2013), early‐PBM (2014‐2016), and mature‐PBM (2017‐2019) time periods. Multivariable analysis assessed the odds for composite morbidity/mortality.ResultsComparing the mature‐PBM to pre‐PBM cohorts, transfused units per 100 discharged patients decreased by 53% for erythrocytes (155 to 73; P < .0001), 81% for plasma (79 to 15; P < .038), and 75% for platelets (10 to 2.5; P < .005). Clinical outcomes improved as well, with composite morbid event rates decreasing by more than 50%, from 236 in 1438 patients (16.4%) to 85 in 1145 patients (7.4%) (P < .0001). Mortality and length of stay remained unchanged. Compared to the pre‐PBM time period, early‐PBM was associated with a risk‐adjusted decrease in composite morbidity/mortality (OR 0.73; 95% CI 0.57‐0.93; P = .010), while mature‐PBM demonstrated a further incremental decrease (OR 0.44; 95% CI 0.33‐0.57; P < .0001).ConclusionsThe implementation of PBM was associated with substantially decreased blood utilization in pancreatic surgery, without negatively impacting clinical outcomes.
Effect of Purge on the Secondary Flow-Field of a Gas Turbine Blade-Row
Authors: Schreiner B. D. J , Wilson M. , Li Y. S. , Sangan C. M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Turbine disc cooling is required to protect vulnerable components from exposure to the high temperatures found in the mainstream gas path. Purge air, bled from the latter stages of the compressor, is introduced to the turbine wheelspace at low radius before exiting through the rim-seal at the periphery of the discs. The unsteady, complex flowfield that arises from the interaction between the purge and mainstream gases modifies the structure of secondary flows within the blade passage. A computational study was conducted using an unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navir–Stokes (RANS) solver, modeling an engine-representative turbine stage. Preliminary results were validated using experimental data from a test rig. The baseline secondary flowfield was described, in the absence of purge flow, demonstrating the classical rollup of the horseshoe vortex and subsequent convection of the two legs downstream. The unsteady behavior of the model was investigated and addressed, resulting in recommendations for modeling interaction phenomena in turbines. A superposed purge flow, resulting in egress through the upstream rim-seal, was shown to modify the secondary flowfield in the turbine annulus. The most notable effect of egress was the formation of a large plume forming near the pressure minima associated with the blade suction surface. The egress was turned by the mainstream flow, creating a vortical structure consistent in rotational direction to the pressure-side leg of the horseshoe vortex; the pressure-side leg was subsequently strengthened and showed an increased radial migration relative to the unpurged case. The egress plume was also shown to overwhelm the suction-side leg of the horseshoe vortex, reducing its strength.
Cadaveric study identifying clinical sonoanatomy for proximal and distal approaches of ultrasound-guided intercostobrachial nerve block
Authors: Samerchua Artid , Leurcharusmee Prangmalee , Panjasawatwong Krit , Pansuan Kittitorn , Mahakkanukrauh Pasuk 
Published: September 2020

Background and objectivesThe intercostobrachial nerve (ICBN) has significant anatomical variation. Localization of the ICBN requires an operator’s skill. This cadaveric study aims to describe two simple ultrasound-guided plane blocks of the ICBN when it emerges at the chest wall (proximal approach) and passes through the axillary fossa (distal approach).MethodsThe anatomical relation of the ICBN and adjacent structures was investigated in six fresh cadavers. Thereafter, we described two potential techniques of the ICBN block. The proximal approach was an injection medial to the medial border of the serratus anterior muscle at the inferior border of the second rib. The distal approach was an injection on the surface of the latissimus dorsi muscle at 3–4 cm caudal to the axillary artery. The ultrasound-guided proximal and distal ICBN blocks were performed in seven hemithoraxes and axillary fossae. We recorded dye staining on the ICBN, its branches and clinically correlated structures.ResultsAll ICBNs originated from the second intercostal nerve and 34.6% received a contribution from the first or third intercostal nerve. All ICBNs gave off axillary branches in the axillary fossa and ran towards the posteromedial aspect of the arm. Following the proximal ICBN block, dye stained on 90% of all ICBN’s origins. After the distal ICBN block, all terminal branches and 43% of the axillary branches of the ICBN were stained.ConclusionsThe proximal and distal ICBN blocks, using easily recognized sonoanatomical landmarks, provided consistent dye spread to the ICBN. We encourage further validation of these two techniques in clinical studies.
NLO QCD+NLO EW corrections to diboson production matched to parton shower
Authors: Chiesa Mauro , Oleari Carlo , Re Emanuele 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe present the matching of NLO QCD and NLO EW corrections to parton showers for vector-boson pair production at the LHC. We consider leptonic final states, including resonant and non-resonant diagrams, spin correlations and off-shell effects. Our results are obtained interfacing the Recola2-Collier one-loop provider with the framework. We discuss our implementation, we validate it at fixed order, and we show our final results matched to parton shower. A by-product of our work is also a general interface between Recola2-Collier and . This is the first time that EW and QCD corrections to diboson production are consistently matched to parton showers.
From noncommutative diagrams to anti-elementary classes
Authors: Wehrung Friedrich 
Published: September 2020

Anti-elementarity is a strong way of ensuring that a class of structures, in a given first-order language, is not closed under elementary equivalence with respect to any infinitary language of the form [Formula: see text]. We prove that many naturally defined classes are anti-elementary, including the following: the class of all lattices of finitely generated convex [Formula: see text]-subgroups of members of any class of [Formula: see text]-groups containing all Archimedean [Formula: see text]-groups; the class of all semilattices of finitely generated [Formula: see text]-ideals of members of any nontrivial quasivariety of [Formula: see text]-groups; the class of all Stone duals of spectra of MV-algebras — this yields a negative solution to the MV-spectrum Problem; the class of all semilattices of finitely generated two-sided ideals of rings; the class of all semilattices of finitely generated submodules of modules; the class of all monoids encoding the nonstable K0-theory of von Neumann regular rings, respectively, C*-algebras of real rank zero; (assuming arbitrarily large Erdős cardinals) the class of all coordinatizable sectionally complemented modular lattices with a large [Formula: see text]-frame. The main underlying principle is that under quite general conditions, for a functor [Formula: see text], if there exists a noncommutative diagram [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], indexed by a common sort of poset called an almost join-semilattice, such that [Formula: see text] is a commutative diagram for every set [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] for any commutative diagram [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text], then the range of [Formula: see text] is anti-elementary.
The Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein Livin Confers Resistance to Fas-Mediated Immune Cytotoxicity in Refractory Lymphoma
Authors: Sugihara Eiji , Hashimoto Norisato , Osuka Satoru , Shimizu Takatsune , Ueno Sayaka , Okazaki Shogo , Yaguchi Tomonori , Kawakami Yutaka , Kosaki Kenjiro , Sato Taka-Aki , Okamoto Shinichiro , Saya Hideyuki 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Death receptor Fas-mediated apoptosis not only eliminates nonspecific and autoreactive B cells but also plays a major role in antitumor immunity. However, the possible mechanisms underlying impairment of Fas-mediated induction of apoptosis during lymphomagenesis remain unknown. In this study, we employed our developed syngeneic lymphoma model to demonstrate that downregulation of Fas is required for both lymphoma development and lymphoma cell survival to evade immune cytotoxicity. CD40 signal activation significantly restored Fas expression and thereby induced apoptosis after Fas ligand treatment in both mouse and human lymphoma cells. Nevertheless, certain human lymphoma cell lines were found to be resistant to Fas-mediated apoptosis, with Livin (melanoma inhibitor of apoptosis protein; ML-IAP) identified as a driver of such resistance. High expression of Livin and low expression of Fas were associated with poor prognosis in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Livin expression was tightly driven by bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins BRD4 and BRD2, suggesting that Livin expression is epigenetically regulated in refractory lymphoma cells to protect them from Fas-mediated apoptosis. Accordingly, the combination of CD40-mediated Fas restoration with targeting of the BET proteins–Livin axis may serve as a promising immunotherapeutic strategy for refractory B-cell lymphoma.

Significance:
These findings yield insights into identifying risk factors in refractory lymphoma and provide a promising therapy for tumors resistant to Fas-mediated antitumor immunity.
Flumatinib versus Imatinib for Newly Diagnosed Chronic Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Phase III, Randomized, Open-label, Multi-center FESTnd Study
Authors: Zhang Li , Meng Li , Liu Bingcheng , Zhang Yanli , Zhu Huanling , Cui Jiuwei , Sun Aining , Hu Yu , Jin Jie , Jiang Hao , Zhang Xi , Li Yan , Liu Li , Zhang Wanggang , Liu Xiaoli , Gu Jian , Qiao Jianhui , Ouyang Guifang , Liu Xin , Luo Jianmin , Jiang Ming , Xie Xiaobao , Li Jianyong , Zhao Chunting , Zhang Mei , Yang Tonghua , Wang Jianxiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurpose:Flumatinib has been shown to be a more potent inhibitor of BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase than imatinib. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of flumatinib versus imatinib, for first-line treatment of chronic phase Philadelphia chromosome–positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML-CP).Patients and Methods:In this study, 394 patients were randomized 1:1 to flumatinib 600 mg once daily (n = 196) or imatinib 400 mg once daily (n = 198) groups.Results:The rate of major molecular response (MMR) at 6 months (primary endpoint) was significantly higher with flumatinib than with imatinib (33.7% vs. 18.3%; P = 0.0006), as was the rate of MMR at 12 months (52.6% vs. 39.6%; P = 0.0102). At 3 months, the rate of early molecular response (EMR) was significantly higher in patients receiving flumatinib than in those receiving imatinib (82.1% vs. 53.3%; P &lt; 0.0001). Compared with patients receiving imatinib, more patients receiving flumatinib achieved molecular remission 4 (MR4) at 6, 9, and 12 months (8.7% vs. 3.6%, P = 0.0358; 16.8% vs. 5.1%, P = 0.0002; and 23.0% vs. 11.7%, P = 0.0034, respectively). No patients had progression to accelerated phase or blast crisis in the flumatinib arm versus 4 patients in the imatinib arm by 12 months. Adverse events of edema, pain in extremities, rash, neutropenia, anemia, and hypophosphatemia were more frequent in imatinib arm, whereas diarrhea and alanine transaminase elevation were more frequent in flumatinib arm.Conclusions:Patients receiving flumatinib achieved significantly higher rates of responses, and faster and deeper responses compared with those receiving imatinib, indicating that flumatinib can be an effective first-line treatment for CML-CP. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02204644.See related commentary by Müller, p. 3
Cell Fate Decisions: The Role of Transcription Factors in Early B-cell Development and Leukemia
Authors: Fischer Ute , Yang Jun J. , Ikawa Tomokatsu , Hein Daniel , Vicente-Dueñas Carolina , Borkhardt Arndt , Sánchez-García Isidro 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
B cells are an integral part of the adaptive immune system and regulate innate immunity. Derived from hematopoietic stem cells, B cells mature through a series of cell fate decisions. Complex transcriptional circuits form and dissipate dynamically during these lineage restrictions. Genomic aberrations of involved transcription factors underlie various B-cell disorders. Acquired somatic aberrations are associated with cancer, whereas germline variations predispose to both malignant and nonmalignant diseases. We review the opposing role of transcription factors during B-cell development in health and disease. We focus on early B-cell leukemia and discuss novel causative gene–environment cooperation and their implications for precision medicine. Childhood leukemia is frequently initiated during fetal hematopoiesis. Clinical silent preleukemic clones are detectable in cord blood of a large number of healthy newborns. These predisposing alterations cooperate with environmental factors to trigger leukemia onset. Understanding of the underlying principles is a prerequisite for the development of measures to prevent leukemia in children.
Genetic Analysis of Patients With Sickle Cell Anemia and Stroke Before 4 Years of Age Suggest an Important Role for Apoliprotein E
Authors: Brewin John N. , Smith Alexander E. , Cook Riley , Tewari Sanjay , Brent Julie , Wilkinson Sarah , Brousse Valentine , Inusa Baba , Menzel Stephan , Rees David C. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Ischemic stroke is a devastating complication affecting children with sickle cell anemia. Genetic factors are likely to be important in determining the risk of stroke but are poorly defined.

Methods:
We have studied a cohort of 19 children who had an overt ischemic stroke before 4 years of age. We predicted genetic determinants of stroke would be more prominent in this group. We performed whole exome sequencing on this cohort and applied 2 hypotheses to our variant filtering. First, we looked for strong, potentially mono- or oligogenic variants for ischemic stroke, and second, we considered that more common polygenic variants will be enriched in our cohort. Candidate variants emerging from both strategies were validated in a cohort of 283 patients with sickle cell anemia and known pediatric cerebrovascular outcomes. We used principal component analysis in this cohort to control for relatedness and population substructure.

Results:

Our primary finding was that the Apoliprotein E genotypes ε2/ε4 and ε4/ ε4, defined by the interplay of
rs7412
and
rs429358
, were associated with increased stroke risk, with an odds ratio of 4.35 ([95% CI, 1.85–10.0]
P
=0.0011) for ischemic stroke in the validation cohort. We also found that
rs2297518
in NOS (NO synthase) 2 (odds ratio, 2.25 [95% CI, 1.21–4.19];
P
=0.014) and
rs2230123
in signal transducer and activator of transcription (odds ratio, 2.60 [95% CI, 1.30–5.20];
P
=0.009) both had increased odds ratios for ischemic stroke, although these two variants were below the threshold for statistical significance after correction for multiple testing.

Conclusions:
These data identify new loci for future functional investigations into cerebrovascular disease in sickle cell anemia. Based on African population reference allele frequencies, the Apoliprotein E genotypes would be present in about 10% of children with sickle cell anemia and represent a genetic risk factor that is potentially modifiable by both dietary and pharmaceutical manipulation of its dyslipidemic effects.
Caregiver experiences of paediatric inpatient cardiac services: A qualitative systematic review
Authors: Knight Lozano Rachel , May Stephen , Clarkson Carl , Sarjeant Rebecca 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Advances in paediatric care have contributed to an increasing survival of children with complex heart disease. Yet, life-saving management demands prolonged inpatient admissions, which contribute to emotional and psychological distress for parents and other caregivers in a role of main custody.

Aim
The purpose of this study was to identify, appraise and synthesise qualitative studies exploring caregivers’ experiences of paediatric inpatient cardiac services, generating an understanding of their needs in hospital and informing priorities for change in healthcare delivery.

Methods
Searches were conducted in Medline, Allied and Complimentary Medicine Database, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, EMCARE, Scopus, PsychINFO, Proquest, OpenGrey and ETHOs from 2008–2019, reflecting recent advances in cardiac healthcare. Articles were selected using predetermined eligibility criteria dictating qualitative inquiry into caregiver perspectives whilst their child received hospital-based interventions for heart disease. All eligible studies underwent quality appraisal. Framework synthesis was used to analyse and summarise findings.

Results
Twenty-seven studies involving 689 caregivers from 11 countries were included. Three overarching themes were identified: ‘emotional capacity to care’, ‘practicalities of caring’, and ‘the bigger picture of caring’.

Conclusions
Through analysis and summary of qualitative primary research, this review captures the emotional challenges that caregivers face and practicalities of undertaking a caregiver role, whilst looking after their child with heart disease in hospital. The results widen the context of the caregiver role, encompassing the whole family unit beyond the hospital environment. This review exposes the impact of these challenges on caregiver competence, wellbeing and attachment to their unwell child, informing priorities for development of family-centred paediatric inpatient cardiac services.