bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fetal radiation exposure risk in the pregnant neurointerventionalist
Authors: Chen Stephanie H , Brunet Marie-Christine 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundThe prevalence of women physicians is steadily rising, but the field of neurointervention remains one of the most male-dominated subspecialties in medicine. A fear of radiation exposure, particularly during pregnancy and childbearing years, may be responsible for deterring some of the best and brightest. This is the first study to examine the amount of maternal and fetal radiation exposure during a pregnant neurointerventional fellow’s training.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the radiation exposure of a neurointerventional fellow prior to and during pregnancy from February 2018 to May 2019 in 758 neurointerventional cases. The collar dosimeter was used to measure overall maternal exposure and an additional fetal dosimeter was worn under two lead apron skirts to estimate fetal radiation exposure.ResultsThere was not a significant difference between pre- and post-pregnancy overall maternal radiation exposure as measured by the collar dosimeter (151 mrem pre-pregnancy and 105 mrem during pregnancy, p=0.129). Mean fluoroscopy time and fluoroscopy emission per procedure also did not differ prior to and during pregnancy. Fetal radiation exposure measurements from both the Mirion Genesis Ultra TLD dosimeter as well as the Mirion Instadose dosimeters worn under double lead apron skirts were 0 mrem for all 6 months.ConclusionThese findings suggest that, when optimal radiation safety practices are implemented, the fetal dose of a pregnant neurointerventionalist is negligible. Further studies and education are necessary to encourage women to choose neurointervention and allow practicing women neurointerventionalists to maintain their productivity during their reproductive years.
Motor-sparing effect of iPACK (interspace between the popliteal artery and capsule of the posterior knee) block versus tibial nerve block after total knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kampitak Wirinaree , Tanavalee Aree , Ngarmukos Srihatach , Tantavisut Saran 
Published: February 2020

Background and objectiveAn ultrasound-guided anesthetic technique targeting the interspace between the popliteal artery and capsule of the posterior knee (iPACK) can provide posterior knee analgesia with preserved motor function after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study compared the peroneal nerve motor-sparing effects of iPACK block and tibial nerve block (TNB) when combined with local infiltration analgesia (LIA) and continuous adductor canal block (CACB).MethodsIn this study, 105 patients scheduled for elective TKA were randomized to receive proximal iPACK block (iPACK1), distal iPACK block (iPACK2), or TNB, along with spinal anesthesia, modified LIA, and CACB. The primary outcome was the incidence of common peroneal nerve (CPN) motor blockade. Secondary outcomes included CPN sensory function, tibial sensorimotor function, posterior knee pain, pain score, intravenous morphine requirement, timed up-and-go test, quadriceps muscle strength, range of motion, length of hospital stay, patient satisfaction, and adverse events.ResultsThe incidence of CPN motor blockade was significantly higher in the TNB group than in the iPACK1 (p=0.001) and iPACK2 (p=0.001) groups, but was not significant between the iPACK1 and iPACK2 groups (p=0.76). Tibial nerve motor function was more preserved in the iPACK1 and iPACK2 groups than in the TNB group (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). Complete CPN and tibial sensorimotor blockade were not observed in the iPACK2 group. Posterior knee pain score was significantly higher in the iPACK1 group than in other groups during the 24-hour postoperative period (p=0.001).ConclusionsCompared with TNB, iPACK1 and iPACK2 preserved CPN and tibial nerve motor function to a greater extent. However, iPACK2 did not demonstrate complete CPN and tibial nerve motor blockade while maintaining effective posterior knee pain relief.Trial registration numberTCTR20180206002.
Jet cross sections at the LHC and the quest for higher precision
Authors: Bellm Johannes , Buckley Andy , Chen Xuan , Ridder Aude Gehrmann-De , Gehrmann Thomas , Glover Nigel , Höche Stefan , Huss Alexander , Huston Joey , Kuttimalai Silvan , Pires Joao , Plätzer Simon , Re Emanuele 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe perform a phenomenological study of Z plus jet, Higgs plus jet and di-jet production at the Large Hadron Collider. We investigate in particular the dependence of the leading jet cross section on the jet radius as a function of the jet transverse momentum. Theoretical predictions are obtained using perturbative QCD calculations at the next-to and next-to-next-to-leading order, using a range of renormalization and factorization scales. The fixed order predictions are compared to results obtained from matching next-to-leading order calculations to parton showers. A study of the scale dependence as a function of the jet radius is used to provide a better estimate of the scale uncertainty for small jet sizes. The non-perturbative corrections as a function of jet radius are estimated from different generators.
D-wave effects in diffractive electroproduction of heavy quarkonia from the photon-like $$V\rightarrow Q{\bar{Q}}$$ transition
Authors: Krelina Michal , Nemchik Jan , Pasechnik Roman 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe analyse the validity of a commonly used identification between structures of the virtual photon$$\gamma ^*\rightarrow Q\bar{Q}$$γ∗→QQ¯and vector meson$$V\rightarrow Q{\bar{Q}}$$V→QQ¯transitions. In the existing studies ofS-wave vector-meson photoproduction in the literature, such an identification is typically performed in the light-front (LF) frame while the radial component of the meson wave function is rather postulated than computed from the first principles. The massive photon-like$$V\rightarrow Q{\bar{Q}}$$V→QQ¯vertex, besides theS-wave component, also contains an extraD-wave admixture in the$$Q{\bar{Q}}$$QQ¯rest frame. However, the relative weight of these contributions cannot be justified by any reasonable nonrelativistic$$Q{\bar{Q}}$$QQ¯potential model. In this work, we investigate the relative role of theD-wave contribution starting from the photon-like quarkonium$$V\rightarrow Q{\bar{Q}}$$V→QQ¯transition in both frames: in the$$Q{\bar{Q}}$$QQ¯rest frame (with subsequent Melosh spin transform to the LF frame) and in the LF frame (without Melosh transform). In both cases, we employ the same radial wave functions found in the potential approach. We show that the photon-like transition imposed in the$$Q{\bar{Q}}$$QQ¯rest frame, with subsequent boosting to the LF frame, leads to significant discrepancies with the experimental data. In the second case, i.e. imposing the photon-like transition straight in the LF frame, we find that the corresponding total$$J/ \psi (1S)$$J/ψ(1S)photoproduction cross sections are very close to those obtained with the “S-wave only”$$V\rightarrow Q{\bar{Q}}$$V→QQ¯transition, both leading to a good description of the data. However, we find that the “S-wave only” transition leads to a better description of photoproduction data for excited (e.g.$$\psi '(2S)$$ψ′(2S)) heavy quarkonium states, which represent a more effective tool for study ofD-wave effects. Consequently, the predictions for production of excited states based on the photon-like structure of$$V\rightarrow Q{\bar{Q}}$$V→QQ¯transition should be treated with a great care due to a much stronger sensitivity of theD-wave contribution to the nodal structure of quarkonium wave functions.
A DFT investigation of 45 wurtzite (B4)-type compounds: Structural, electronic, linear and nonlinear optical properties
Authors: Gazhulina A. P. 
Published: February 2020

This work is a part of a series of investigations devoted to the study of the relationship between nonlinear optical properties and pseudosymmetric features of some groups of crystal compounds [A. P. Gazhulina and M. O. Marychev, Cryst. Struct. Theory Appl. 2, 106 (2013). doi.org/10.4236/csta.2013.23015 ; A. P. Gazhulina and M. O. Marychev, J. Alloys Compd. 623, 413 (2015). doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.11.028 ; A. P. Gazhulina and M. O. Marychev, J. Solid State Chem. 239, 170 (2016). doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2016.04.034 ]. Crystals of the wurtzite ([Formula: see text]4) structural type (45 crystals) have been considered. In the framework of density functional theory, the structural, electronic, linear and nonlinear optical properties were investigated using the full-potential linearized augment plane wave (FP-LAPW) method. The obtained results are compared to available experimental and computational data. Diagrams “Second-order Nonlinear Susceptibility–Degree of Pseudoinversion” at 1.064 and 0.634 [Formula: see text]m wavelengths were constructed.
Vasodilatory and vascular mitochondrial respiratory function with advancing age: evidence of a free radically mediated link in the human vasculature
Authors: Park Soung Hun , Kwon Oh Sung , Park Song-Young , Weavil Joshua C. , Hydren Jay R. , Reese Van , Andtbacka Robert H. I. , Hyngstrom John R. , Richardson Russell S. 
Published: February 2020

Recognizing the age-related decline in skeletal muscle feed artery (SMFA) vasodilatory function, this study examined the link between vasodilatory and mitochondrial respiratory function in the human vasculature. Twenty-four SMFAs were harvested from young (35 ± 6 yr, n = 9) and old (71 ± 9 yr, n = 15) subjects. Vasodilation in SMFAs was assessed, by pressure myography, in response to flow-induced shear stress, acetylcholine (ACh), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) while mitochondrial respiration was measured, by respirometry, in permeabilized SMFAs. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation was significantly attenuated in the old, induced by both flow (young: 92 ± 3, old: 45 ± 4%) and ACh (young: 92 ± 3, old: 54 ± 5%), with no significant difference in endothelium-independent vasodilation. Complex I and I + II state 3 respiration was significantly lower in the old (CI young: 10.1 ± 0.8, old: 7.0 ± 0.4 pmol·s−1·mg−1; CI + II young: 12.3 ± 0.6, old: 7.6 ± 0.4 pmol·s−1·mg−1). The respiratory control ratio (RCR) was also significantly attenuated in the old (young: 2.2 ± 0.1, old: 1.1 ± 0.1). Furthermore, state 3 (CI + II) and 4 respiration, as well as RCR, were significantly correlated ( r = 0.49–0.86) with endothelium-dependent, but not endothelium-independent, function. Finally, the direct intervention with mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant (MitoQ) significantly improved endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the old but not in the young. Thus, the age-related decline in vasodilatory function is linked to attenuated vascular mitochondrial respiratory function, likely by augmented free radicals. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In human skeletal muscle feed arteries, the well-recognized age-related fall in endothelium-dependent vasodilatory function is strongly linked to a concomitant fall in vascular mitochondrial respiratory function. The direct intervention with the mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant restored vasodilatory function in the old but not in the young, supporting the concept that exacerbated mitochondrial-derived free radical production is linked to age-related vasodilatory dysfunction. Age-related vasodilatory dysfunction in humans is linked to attenuated vascular mitochondrial respiratory function, likely a consequence of augmented free radical production.
Differential effects of the mode of touch, active and passive, on experience-driven plasticity in the S1 cutaneous digit representation of adult macaque monkeys
Authors: Cybulska-Klosowicz Anita , Tremblay François , Jiang Wan , Bourgeon Stéphanie , Meftah El-Mehdi , Chapman C. Elaine 
Published: February 2020

This study compared the receptive field (RF) properties and firing rates of neurons in the cutaneous hand representation of primary somatosensory cortex (areas 3b, 1, and 2) of 9 awake, adult macaques that were intensively trained in a texture discrimination task using active touch (fingertips scanned over the surfaces using a single voluntary movement), passive touch (surfaces displaced under the immobile fingertips), or both active and passive touch. Two control monkeys received passive exposure to the same textures in the context of a visual discrimination task. Training and recording extended over 1–2 yr per animal. All neurons had a cutaneous receptive field (RF) that included the tips of the stimulated digits (D3 and/or D4). In area 3b, RFs were largest in monkeys trained with active touch, smallest in those trained with passive touch, and intermediate in those trained with both; i.e., the mode of touch differentially modified the cortical representation of the stimulated fingers. The same trends were seen in areas 1 and 2, but the changes were not significant, possibly because a second experience-driven influence was seen in areas 1 and 2, but not in area 3b: smaller RFs with passive exposure to irrelevant tactile inputs compared with recordings from one naive hemisphere. We suggest that added feedback during active touch and higher cortical firing rates were responsible for the larger RFs with behavioral training; this influence was tempered by periods of more restricted sensory feedback during passive touch training in the active + passive monkeys. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We studied experience-dependent sensory cortical plasticity in relation to tactile discrimination of texture using active and/or passive touch. We showed that neuronal receptive fields in primary somatosensory cortex, especially area 3b, are largest in monkeys trained with active touch, smallest in those trained with passive touch, and intermediate in those trained using both modes of touch. Prolonged, irrelevant tactile input had the opposite influence in areas 1 and 2, favoring smaller receptive fields.
Selective and Potent CDK8/19 Inhibitors Enhance NK-Cell Activity and Promote Tumor Surveillance
Authors: Hofmann Marco H. , Mani Rajeswaran , Engelhardt Harald , Impagnatiello Maria A. , Carotta Sebastian , Kerenyi Marc , Lorenzo-Herrero Seila , Böttcher Jark , Scharn Dirk , Arnhof Heribert , Zoephel Andreas , Schnitzer Renate , Gerstberger Thomas , Sanderson Michael P. , Rajgolikar Girish , Goswami Swagata , Vasu Sumithira , Ettmayer Peter , Gonzalez Segundo , Pearson Mark , McConnell Darryl B. , Kraut Norbert , Muthusamy Natarajan , Moll Jürgen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells play a pivotal role in controlling cancer. Multiple extracellular receptors and internal signaling nodes tightly regulate NK activation. Cyclin-dependent kinases of the mediator complex (CDK8 and CDK19) were described as a signaling intermediates in NK cells. Here, we report for the first time the development and use of CDK8/19 inhibitors to suppress phosphorylation of STAT1S727 in NK cells and to augment the production of the cytolytic molecules perforin and granzyme B (GZMB). Functionally, this resulted in enhanced NK-cell–mediated lysis of primary leukemia cells. Treatment with the CDK8/19 inhibitor BI-1347 increased the response rate and survival of mice bearing melanoma and breast cancer xenografts. In addition, CDK8/19 inhibition augmented the antitumoral activity of anti–PD-1 antibody and SMAC mimetic therapy, both agents that promote T-cell–mediated antitumor immunity. Treatment with the SMAC mimetic compound BI-8382 resulted in an increased number of NK cells infiltrating EMT6 tumors. Combination of the CDK8/19 inhibitor BI-1347, which augments the amount of degranulation enzymes, with the SMAC mimetic BI-8382 resulted in increased survival of mice carrying the EMT6 breast cancer model. The observed survival benefit was dependent on an intermittent treatment schedule of BI-1347, suggesting the importance of circumventing a hyporesponsive state of NK cells. These results suggest that CDK8/19 inhibitors can be combined with modulators of the adaptive immune system to inhibit the growth of solid tumors, independent of their activity on cancer cells, but rather through promoting NK-cell function.
A New Rho(d) Map to Diffuse Gastric Cancer
Authors: Benton Dorothy , Chernoff Jonathan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSummary:Diffuse gastric cancer (DGC) is characterized by frequent missense mutations in the small GTPase RHOA, but the effects of this mutation on enzyme activity and signaling have been widely debated. In this issue, Zhang and colleagues show that the most common RHOA mutation in DGC, encoding RHOAY42C, represents a gain of function; that a mouse model incorporating this mutation in association with loss of the E-cadherin gene CDH1 recapitulates many aspects of DGC; and that rationally designed therapeutics based on our understanding of RHOA signaling are promising agents for treating DGC.See related article by Zhang et al., p. 288.
B cell–Derived IL35 Drives STAT3-Dependent CD8+ T-cell Exclusion in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Mirlekar Bhalchandra , Michaud Daniel , Lee Samuel J. , Kren Nancy P. , Harris Cameron , Greene Kevin , Goldman Emily C. , Gupta Gaorav P. , Fields Ryan C. , Hawkins William G. , DeNardo David G. , Rashid Naim U. , Yeh Jen Jen , McRee Autumn J. , Vincent Benjamin G. , Vignali Dario A.A. , Pylayeva-Gupta Yuliya 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is an aggressive malignancy characterized by a paucity of tumor-proximal CD8+ T cells and resistance to immunotherapeutic interventions. Cancer-associated mechanisms that elicit CD8+ T-cell exclusion and resistance to immunotherapy are not well-known. Here, using a Kras- and p53-driven model of PDA, we describe a mechanism of action for the protumorigenic cytokine IL35 through STAT3 activation in CD8+ T cells. Distinct from its action on CD4+ T cells, IL35 signaling in gp130+CD8+ T cells activated the transcription factor STAT3, which antagonized intratumoral infiltration and effector function of CD8+ T cells via suppression of CXCR3, CCR5, and IFNγ expression. Inhibition of STAT3 signaling in tumor-educated CD8+ T cells improved PDA growth control upon adoptive transfer to tumor-bearing mice. We showed that activation of STAT3 in CD8+ T cells was driven by B cell– but not regulatory T cell–specific production of IL35. We also demonstrated that B cell–specific deletion of IL35 facilitated CD8+ T-cell activation independently of effector or regulatory CD4+ T cells and was sufficient to phenocopy therapeutic anti-IL35 blockade in overcoming resistance to anti–PD-1 immunotherapy. Finally, we identified a circulating IL35+ B-cell subset in patients with PDA and demonstrated that the presence of IL35+ cells predicted increased occurrence of phosphorylated (p)Stat3+CXCR3−CD8+ T cells in tumors and inversely correlated with a cytotoxic T-cell signature in patients. Together, these data identified B cell–mediated IL35/gp130/STAT3 signaling as an important direct link to CD8+ T-cell exclusion and immunotherapy resistance in PDA.
Plasma Ceramides and Sphingomyelins in Relation to Atrial Fibrillation Risk: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Authors: Jensen Paul N. , Fretts Amanda M. , Hoofnagle Andrew N. , Sitlani Colleen M. , McKnight Barbara , King Irena B. , Siscovick David S. , Psaty Bruce M. , Heckbert Susan R. , Mozaffarian Dariush , Sotoodehnia Nona , Lemaitre Rozenn N. 
Published: February 2020

Background
Ceramides exhibit multiple biological activities that may influence the pathophysiological characteristics of atrial fibrillation (AF). Whether the length of the saturated fatty acid carried by the ceramide or their sphingomyelin precursors are associated with AF risk is not known.

Methods and Results
Among 4206 CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study) participants (mean age, 76 years; 40% men) who were free of prevalent AF at baseline, we identified 1198 incident AF cases over a median 8.7 years of follow‐up. We examined 8 sphingolipid species: ceramide and sphingomyelin species with palmitic acid and species with very‐long‐chain saturated fatty acids: arachidic; behenic; and lignoceric. In adjusted Cox regression analyses, ceramides and sphingomyelins with very‐long‐chain saturated fatty acids were associated with reduced AF risk (ie, per 2‐fold higher ceramide with behenic acid hazard ratio, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.59–0.86; sphingomyelin with behenic acid hazard ratio, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.46–0.77). In contrast, ceramides and sphingomyelins with palmitic acid were associated with increased AF risk (ceramide with palmitic acid hazard ratio, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.03–1.66; sphingomyelin with palmitic acid hazard ratio, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.18–2.55). Associations were attenuated with adjustment for NT‐proBNP (N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide), but did not differ significantly by age, sex, race, body mass index, or history of coronary heart disease.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that several ceramide and sphingomyelin species are associated with incident AF, and that these associations differ on the basis of the fatty acid. Ceramides and sphingomyelins with palmitic acid were associated with increased AF risk, whereas ceramides and sphingomyelins with very‐long‐chain saturated fatty acids were associated with reduced AF risk.
Lifestyle Changes in Relation to Initiation of Antihypertensive and Lipid‐Lowering Medication: A Cohort Study
Authors: Korhonen Maarit J. , Pentti Jaana , Hartikainen Juha , Ilomäki Jenni , Setoguchi Soko , Liew Danny , Kivimäki Mika , Vahtera Jussi 
Published: February 2020

Background
Lifestyle modification is a key component of cardiovascular disease prevention before and concurrently with pharmacologic interventions. We evaluated whether lifestyle factors change in relation to the initiation of antihypertensive or lipid‐lowering medication (statins).

Methods and Results

The study population comprised 41 225 participants of the FPS (Finnish Public Sector) study aged ≥40 years who were free of cardiovascular disease at baseline and responded to ≥2 consecutive surveys administered in 4‐year intervals in 2000–2013. Medication use was ascertained through pharmacy‐claims data. Using a series of pre–post data sets, we compared changes in body mass index, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and smoking between 8837 initiators and 46 021 noninitiators of antihypertensive medications or statins. In participants who initiated medication use, body mass index increased more (difference in change 0.19; 95%
CI
, 0.16–0.22) and physical activity declined (−0.09 metabolic equivalent of task hour/day; 95%
CI
, −0.16 to −0.02) compared with noninitiators. The likelihood of becoming obese (odds ratio: 1.82; 95%
CI
, 1.63–2.03) and physically inactive (odds ratio: 1.08; 95%
CI
, 1.01–1.17) was higher in initiators. However, medication initiation was associated with greater decline in average alcohol consumption (−1.85 g/week; 95%
CI
, −3.67 to −0.14) and higher odds of quitting smoking (odds ratio for current smoking in the second survey: 0.74; 95%
CI
, 0.64–0.85).

Conclusions
These findings suggest that initiation of antihypertensive and statin medication is associated with lifestyle changes, some favorable and others unfavorable. Weight management and physical activity should be encouraged in individuals prescribed these medications.
Data Innovations for Transboundary Freshwater Resources Management: Are Obligations Related to Information Exchange Still Needed?
Authors: Leb Christina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCross-border data and information exchange is one of the most challenging issues for transboundary water management. While the regular exchange of data and information has been identified as one of the general principles of international water law, only a minority of treaties include direct obligations related to mutual data exchange. Technological innovations related to real-time data availability, space technology and earth observation have led to an increase in quality and availability of hydrological, meteorological and geo-spatial data. These innovations open new avenues for access to water related data and transform data and information exchange globally. This monograph is an exploratory assessment of the potential impacts of these disruptive technologies on data and information exchange obligations in international water law.