bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of dietary supplementation with yeast cell wall extracts on performance and gut response in broiler chickens
Authors: Pascual A. , Pauletto M. , Giantin M. , Radaelli G. , Ballarin C. , Birolo M. , Zomeño C. , Dacasto M. , Bortoletti M. , Vascellari M. , Xiccato G. , Trocino A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The dietary supplementation of yeast cell wall extracts (YCW) has been found to reduce pathogenic bacteria load, promote immunoglobulin production, prevent diseases by pro-inflammatory responses, and alter gut microbiota composition. This study evaluated growth and slaughter results, health, gut morphology, immune status and gut transcriptome of 576 male chickens fed two diets, i.e. C (control) or Y (with 250–500 g/t of YCW fractions according to the growth period). At 21 and 42 d the jejunum of 12 chickens per diet were sampled and stained with hematoxylin/eosin for morphometric evaluation, with Alcian-PAS for goblet cells, and antibodies against CD3+ intraepithelial T-cells and CD45+ intraepithelial leukocytes. The jejunum sampled at 42 d were also used for whole-transcriptome profiling.

Results
Dietary YCW supplementation did not affect final live weight, whereas it decreased feed intake (114 to 111 g/d; P ≤ 0.10) and improved feed conversion (1.74 to 1.70; P ≤ 0.01). Regarding the gut, YCW supplementation tended to increase villi height (P = 0.07); it also increased the number of goblet cells and reduced the density of CD45+ cells compared to diet C (P < 0.001). In the gut transcriptome, four genes were expressed more in broilers fed diet Y compared to diet C, i.e. cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 23b (CYP2C23B), tetratricopeptide repeat domain 9 (TTC9), basic helix-loop-helix family member e41 (BHLHE41), and the metalloreductase STEAP4. Only one gene set (HES_PATHWAY) was significantly enriched among the transcripts more expressed in broilers fed diet Y. However, a total of 41 gene sets were significantly over-represented among genes up-regulated in control broilers. Notably, several enriched gene sets are implicated in immune functions and related to NF-κB signaling, apoptosis, and interferon signals.

Conclusions
The dietary YCW supplementation improved broiler growth performance, increased gut glycoconjugate secretion and reduced the inflammatory status together with differences in the gut transcriptome, which can be considered useful to improve animal welfare and health under the challenging conditions of intensive rearing systems in broiler chickens.
Perceived social support and psychological wellbeing among Nepalese adolescents: the mediating role of self-esteem
Authors: Poudel Anju , Gurung Bishnu , Khanal Gopal Prasad 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Adolescence is characterized by unique, multiple physical, psychological and social development. Understanding the well-being of adolescents and the factors that contribute to it will help towards clarifying and defining ways to better help adolescents prepare for adult life. Therefore, the present study aims to find out the relationship between Perceived Social Support (PSS) and Psychological Well-Being (PWB) among Nepalese adolescence based on mediating role of Self-esteem (SE).

Methods
The study was conducted among 348 adolescents studying in grade 9 and 10 of government secondary level schools of Pokhara Metropolitan city, Nepal. Data were collected through self-administered standard tools-Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). For statistical analysis descriptive statistics, correlation, regression and mediation analyses were used. The statistical significance of mediating effect of the tested model was examined through a path proposed by Baron and Kenny and Bootstrap method.

Results
Overall, the finding suggests that PSS indirectly affects PWB of adolescents through mediating variable SE. Adolescents who perceive good social support had higher SE, which in turn contributed to their PWB. Furthermore, the study found no significant gender difference for PSS, SE and PWB. Also among various sources of PSS, both boys and girls were more oriented towards family for social support than friends and others.

Conclusion
Adolescents who experience higher social support are likely to have higher SE and are more likely to have better PWB. The findings of the study will be useful to the parents, teachers, counselors, psychologist and researchers to develop strategies to enhance adolescent’s mental health.
Deep groundwater discharge after the 2011 Mw 6.6 Iwaki earthquake, Japan
Authors: Sato Tsutomu , Kazahaya Kohei , Matsumoto Norio , Takahashi Masaaki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHot spring discharge was linked to the 2011 Mw 6.6 Iwaki earthquake. Periodic surveys revealed that the discharge continued for more than 7 years, which is a rare and valuable long-term record of hot spring discharge triggered by an earthquake in a non-volcanic area. In terms of coseismic changes, based on a comparison of the spatial distribution of changes in the coseismic water head and calculated crustal volumetric strain using a fault model, hot spring water discharge was found to be caused by a change in the coseismic crustal volumetric strain. As for the postseismic changes, observations over 7 years revealed a gradual rise in the temperature and chloride ion concentration of the hot spring water. Such long-term hot spring discharge may be explained by the following two causes: the rise of thermal water from the deep part and the permeability changes along the hot spring channels.
New hypothesis to explain Quaternary forearc deformation and the variety of plate boundary earthquakes along the Suruga–Nankai Trough by oblique subduction of undulations on the Philippine Sea Plate
Authors: Okamura Yukinobu , Shishikura Masanobu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPlate-boundary earthquakes of magnitude 8 or greater along the Suruga–Nankai Trough subduction zone have repeated at intervals of 90–150 years, but with widely varying magnitudes and rupture areas. We propose, based on geologic data on crustal movements of the forearc wedge, that these earthquake variations are controlled by two separate locked zones in the deeper part of the plate boundary. Long-wavelength topographic undulations, composed of alternating zones of uplift and subsidence along the forearc wedge, are associated with 2000 to 3000 m of vertical relief that has accumulated during Quaternary time. We suggest that this crustal deformation in the forearc wedge is caused not by stress loading and release during earthquake cycles, but rather by vertical displacements of the plate boundary caused by the westward movement of undulations in the obliquely subducting slab of the Philippine Sea Plate as it subducts beneath Southwest Japan. Dating of emergent marine shell fossil assemblages shows that the Kii Mountains, an uplift zone at the midpoint of the trough, has undergone uplift events at intervals of 400–600 year, and the latest event of those occurred when the 1707 Hoei earthquake ruptured the entire plate boundary along the trough. We infer that the plate boundary under the Kii Mountains is a locked zone and that slips of this zone, which accompanied ruptures of the entire plate boundary, caused uplift of the mountains by decreasing the plate boundary depth. A similar locked zone is inferred under the uplift zone of the Akaishi Mountains, along the eastern margin of the trough, and the 1854 Ansei earthquake pair was presumably caused by the slip of this zone. During the two 1854 events, the locked zone under the Kii Mountains presumably restricted the rupture propagation to the eastern half of the trough, then a rupture of the western half of the trough followed within 32 h. These locked zones are inferred to slip independently every few hundred years and determine the major patterns of characteristic ruptures along the Suruga–Nankai Trough.
Abortion attitudes, training, and experience among medical students in Jamaica, West Indies
Authors: Matthews Glenmarie , Atrio Jessica , Fletcher Horace , Medley Nathalie , Walker Leo , Benfield Nerys 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective
To define abortion attitudes, training and experience among medical students in Jamaica, a restricted environment for legal abortion.

Method
From September to November 2017 we conducted an anonymous online cross-sectional survey among medical students enrolled at the University of West Indies (UWI) in Jamaica. An abortion attitudes sum score was used for analysis. Multivariate regression was applied to evaluate the impact of characteristics and experiences on abortion attitudes.

Results
The primary outcome was a validated composite abortion attitudes sum score, ranging from zero to forty-five. 1404 students completed the survey for a response rate of 88%. 64% had a positive attitude towards abortion. In multivariate analysis, medical students’ attitudes were favorably impacted by a prior personal or family experience with abortion, identifying as non-religious, being older in age and mixed raced. 1321 (94%) agreed that abortion training should be included in the medical school curriculum. 78.8% reported no abortion training and only 17.9% reported miscarriage management training.

Conclusion
Medical students at UWI had favorable attitudes towards abortion, despite their limited training in a restrictive environment. Prior personal experience with abortion and being non-religious were the strongest predictor of favorable attitudes. Increased training and clinical exposure may prove to be crucial in improving access of safe abortion.
Osteochondrogenesis derived from synovial fibroblasts in inflammatory arthritis model
Authors: Miura Yoko , Kanazawa Satoshi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by chronic joint inflammation, which forms pannus with bone destruction. Bony ankylosis is also observed following inflammation; however, the mechanism behind this aberrant bone formation in RA had remained unclear. Based on our recent findings obtained using a novel arthritis model called D1BC mouse, we found that synovial fibroblasts in pannus consist of at least three different populations with the osteochondrogenic lineage being predominant. We also found endochondral ossification like that in embryonic bone development adjacent to invasive synovial fibroblasts. Such ectopic endochondral ossification leads to the failure of bone repair and results in ankylosis. In this review, we describe the character of synovial fibroblasts toward the osteochondrogenic lineage and ectopic endochondral ossification in an inflammatory arthritis mouse model.
Pathogenicity of three entomopathogenic fungi against the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Soliman N. A. , Al-amin Sherihan M. , Mesbah Amira E. , Ibrahim Ahmed M. A. , Mahmoud Ali M.A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe use of pesticides against the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) as a tool to control the pest has become an obstacle to the fresh agricultural products export to many countries that restrict pesticides residues. The effectiveness of three local strains of entomopathogenic fungi: Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana, and Paecilomyces lilacinus against the adult and immature stages of C. capitata was evaluated under laboratory conditions. Obtained results showed that M. anisopliae and B. bassiana were superior in its pathogenicity and potential to kill the pest than P. lilacinus. These results may be important to be used for the control of the pest in IPM program.
Neuronal and glial regulation of CNS angiogenesis and barriergenesis
Authors: Biswas Saptarshi , Cottarelli Azzurra , Agalliu Dritan 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTNeurovascular pathologies of the central nervous system (CNS), which are associated with barrier dysfunction, are leading causes of death and disability. The roles that neuronal and glial progenitors and mature cells play in CNS angiogenesis and neurovascular barrier maturation have been elucidated in recent years. Yet how neuronal activity influences these processes remains largely unexplored. Here, we discuss our current understanding of how neuronal and glial development affects CNS angiogenesis and barriergenesis, and outline future directions to elucidate how neuronal activity might influence these processes. An understanding of these mechanisms is crucial for developing new interventions to treat neurovascular pathologies.
Direct Transformation of Silica from Natural Resources to Form Tetramethoxysilane
Authors: Putro Wahyu S , Fukaya Keisuke , Choi Jun-Chul , Choi Seong Jib , Horikoshi Toshio , Sato Kazuhiko , Fukaya Norihisa 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A simple and practical method for direct synthesis of tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) from silica (SiO2) and methanol was achieved using a base catalyst and acetal as a dehydrant under carbon dioxide (CO2). The production of TMOS was strongly influenced by the kind of the acetal used, with 2,2-dimethoxypropane identified as the most effective dehydrant. We observed that the acetal used enabled the production of a high yield of dimethyl carbonate (DMC), which promoted the TMOS production. DMC is an intermediate product from the reaction of CO2 and methanol, which supported the SiO2 depolymerization process. When the reaction is conducted with 2,2-dimethoxypropane at 260 °C for 24 h, TMOS can be produced in up to 59% yield. For practical applications, the TMOS synthesis has been developed on a 250 mL and 1 L-scale reaction with constant yield (&gt;50%) from various silica resources.
Fracture of the anterior tibial tuberosity in children
Authors: Rodriguez Ignacio , Sepúlveda Matías , Birrer Estefanía , Tuca María Jesús 
Published: May 2020

Fractures of the anterior tibial tuberosity during childhood are an infrequent pathology (around 3% of all proximal tibial fractures), but the incidence of this injury has risen over recent years, likely due to the increased involvement of this age group in sports activities. This fracture is more commonly seen in children 12–14 years old. It is vital to identify the anatomical structures associated with this type of fracture, along with the pathophysiological mechanisms involved. Treatment includes non-operative and operative options, with the goal of achieving articular congruency, restoring the extensor mechanism function, and avoiding damage to the proximal tibial physis. Understanding the management of this fracture, and the complications that might arise, is critical. The provision of an appropriate clinical management plan and the avoidance of complications are vital in the prevention of disability.Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:260-267. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190026
Summary of knee implant one, three, five, and 10-year revision risk reported by national and regional arthroplasty registries: a valuable source of evidence for clinical decision-making
Authors: Foster Colby , Posada Christopher , Pack Bryan , Hallstrom Brian R. , Hughes Richard E. 
Published: May 2020

Optimal implant selection is a major component of high-quality arthroplasty care, and revision risk is an important parameter characterizing knee arthroplasty implant clinical performance. National and regional arthroplasty registries are essential sources of revision risk data, but these data are often difficult to find because they are buried within extensive annual reports. Summarizing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) implant revision risks as presented in registry reports can maximize the usefulness of registry data for orthopaedic surgeons. The findings summarize the revision risk data found in national arthroplasty reports from the Australian, Danish, Finnish, and the England, Wales, Northern Ireland and the Isle of Man registries, and in regional arthroplasty reports from the Emilia-Romagna Region (Italty), and the Michigan Arthroplasty Registry Collaborative Quality Initiative (MARCQI) registries. The six supplemental summary tables present revision risk data for TKA implants by cemented, uncemented, hybrid, and unreported fixation types. Additional summary tables are presented for revision risk of unicondylar (UKA) and patellofemoral joint (PFJ) revisions. Within TKA fixation categories, revision risks at 10 years ranged from 2.4% to 35.7% (cemented), 2.8% to 25.0% (uncemented), 2.0% to 9.2% (hybrid), and 0.0% to 39.7% (unreported). Unicondylar 10-year revision risk ranged from 4.9% to 17.2%. Patellofemoral joint 10-year revision risk ranged from 15.2% to 21.7%. There is substantial variation in one, three, five, and 10-year revision risk across implants, which suggests surgeons should choose implants carefully. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:268-272. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190053
Paediatric olecranon fractures: a systematic review
Authors: Holme Thomas J. , Karbowiak Marta , Arnander Magnus , Gelfer Yael 
Published: May 2020

The optimal management and long-term outcomes of olecranon fractures in the paediatric population is not well understood. This systematic review aims to analyse the literature on the management of paediatric olecranon fractures and the long-term implications. A systematic review of several databases was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. English-language studies evaluating the management of isolated paediatric olecranon fractures were included. Data extracted included demographics, classifications, conservative and operative treatment methods and outcomes. Fifteen articles fitting the inclusion criteria were included. There were 11 case series and four retrospective comparative series. The reported studies included 299 fractures in 280 patients. The mechanism of injury was predominantly low energy. Fractures displaced < 4 mm were treated non-operatively with almost universally good results, with the majority being treated with cast immobilization. Fractures displaced > 4 mm were commonly treated operatively with generally good results, with tension band wire and suture fixation being the most common treatment modalities. Weight > 50 kg was associated with failure of suture fixation. In those studies that reported olecranon fractures with associated elbow injuries (e.g. radial head fractures) outcomes were poorer. Forty-six fractures were in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta, who sustained a higher rate of re-fracture after removal of metalwork and contralateral olecranon fracture. Despite a relatively low evidence base pool of studies, the aggregate data support the non-operative treatment of isolated undisplaced olecranon fractures with good results, and support the operative treatment of fractures displaced ≥ 4 mm. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:280-288. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190082
Design, Construction, and Evaluation of a Three-Dimensional Vibratory Harvester for Tree Fruit
Authors: Du Xiaoqiang , Chen Kaizhan , Ma Zenghong , Wu Chuanyu , Zhang Guofeng 
Published: May 2020

HighlightsThree-dimensional excitation response of tree can be generated by orthogonal eccentric blocks.The three-dimensional vibratory harvester prototype was built, and the vibration response and harvesting test were carried out.Three-dimensional excitation applied to single main branch of the tree can result in high vibration on the whole tree. Abstract. To solve the problems associated with the mechanical harvesting of fruit, improve the harvesting efficiency, and reduce the damage to trees in the process of harvesting, a three-dimensional shaking mechanism with orthogonal eccentric blocks was designed. Three-dimensional excitation is generated to ensure that the fruit trees are subjected to noncircular excitation forces in different directions and further improve the fruit harvesting percentage. Firstly, the overall structure of the three-dimensional shaking mechanism with orthogonal eccentric blocks was designed, and the steady state response of the vibration system was obtained by establishing the dynamics model of the shaking mechanism-tree system. According to the vibration amplitude of the fruit tree under the action of three-dimensional shaking mechanism, the mass moment of the eccentric blocks, which are the key parts of the harvester, was determined to be 0.56 kg·m, and the size of the eccentric blocks was calculated. The hydraulic motors and cylinders that drive the shaking mechanism of the harvester were specified. Then a vibratory harvester prototype was assembled, and a vibration response test was carried out. The results showed that different branches of the test tree could obtain large acceleration magnitudes with low dispersion degree, which verified the effectiveness of the three-dimensional vibratory harvester. Finally, a harvesting test was conducted on a grapefruit tree. When the speed of the hydraulic motor to drive the shaking mechanism was 470 rev·min-1 and the shaking time was 10 s, the harvesting percentage reached 76.5%. Keywords: Acceleration response, Fruit harvester, Hydraulic system, Orthogonal eccentric blocks, Three-dimensional shaking mechanism.
Comparison of Drying Rates of Ground Western Red Cedar with Hemlock, Birch, Aspen, and Spruce/Pine/Douglas Fir
Authors: Rezaei Hamid , Lim Jim , Sokhansanj Shahab 
Published: May 2020

HighlightsWRC and SPF generate the largest fraction of small particles (&lt;0.5 mm) during grinding.WRC is slightly low in total sugars, high in lignin content (should make durable pellets), and high in extractives.Aspen followed by WRC has the highest drying rate and the shortest drying time amongst all samples.Smoke point is similar for all wood species and is ~180°C.Abstract.Western red cedar () and yellow cedar () are among the most valuable tree species in British Columbia. These species make up about 20% of the coastal timber volumes and mostly are used as lumber for construction applications where resistance against decay is important. The use of red cedar for pellet production has been uncertain because it appears cedar has a tendency to cause fires in rotary drum dryers when compared to other wood species like pine and Douglas Fir. The scientific reasons for the reported fire incident are not known. The goal of the current study is to investigate the drying rates and the range of combustion temperature for western red cedar and five other wood species that either are used or have potential to be used for palletization purposes in British Columbia. Red cedar and Spruce/Pine/Fir (SPF) generate the largest fraction of small particles (&lt;0.5 mm) during grinding. Almost 93% of cedar particles are less than 1 mm. Cedar has a high carbon content and low oxygen content that causes cedar has higher calorific value than other species. During a drying process, aspen following by cedar has the highest drying rate and the shortest drying time amongst all samples. The smoke point is similar for all wood species and is ~180°C. So, in the case of high temperature drying (beyond the smoke point) of mixed feedstocks with similar size, red cedar dries faster and starts smoking at dryer output. Keywords: Chemical composition, Drying rate, Physical characterization, Smoke point, Western red cedar.