bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Child Migration in the US and Spain: Towards a Global Border Regime?
Authors: Vives Luna 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn The New Politics of Immigration, Professor Catherine Dauvergne proposes that as migration policies converge at the global level, the traditional difference between settler societies and former European colonies is becoming irrelevant. To test this argument, this article addresses the impact of externalization, militarization, detention and deportation on unaccompanied migrant children along the southern Spanish and US borders. I conclude that the combined used of these strategies is designed to keep all unwanted migrants away from the physical border of the state, regardless of their background, and prevents children from accessing specific protections. Current border policy in these two countries shows the primacy of national security concerns over human rights and supports Dauvergne’s argument that distinctions between former colonies and settler societies are disappearing. The evidence considered here points towards an increasingly restrictive and punitive global border regime, but one with regional variations.
The intention to undertake physical activity in pregnant women using the theory of planned behaviour
Authors: Zhu Gangjiao , Qian Xiangzi , Qi Ling , Xia Chang , Ming Yu , Zeng Zhi , Liu Yuanxia , Yang Yan , Zhang Mengtian , Zhang Hongling 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimTo identify the intention of Chinese pregnant women to undertake physical activity (PA) using the theory of planned behaviour.DesignA cross‐sectional survey.MethodsFrom April – October 2017, a cross‐sectional questionnaire was completed by 746 pregnant women from the Health Birth Cohort in Wuhan, China. The theory of planned behaviour variables as well as sociodemographic characteristics was recorded, and the Pregnancy PA Questionnaire was together used to assess their PA during pregnancy.ResultsOnly 11.3% of the women met the international guideline. The intention to undertake PA was found it to be positive in 63.9% of pregnant women. Structural equation modelling analysis revealed that behavioural attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control (PBC) influenced PA by directly influencing the behaviour intention. Both behavioural attitude and subjective norms influenced PA by indirectly affecting the behaviour. Overall, the model described 60% variance of the behavioural intention to undertake PA during pregnancy.ConclusionPBC was confirmed to be a prominent factor in determining behavioural intention to undertake PA during pregnancy. Pregnant women should be helped and appropriately guided by health providers to overcome barriers to PA.EffectThis study investigates the effect of perceived behavioural control (PBC) on the intention to undertake physical activity (PA). The findings suggest that nurses’ and midwives’ attention should be focused on how to promote the improvement of perceived behavioural control ability of pregnant women to improve pregnant women's PA intention. The attitude of pregnant women on taking up PA and their ability to control behaviours can be improved with support from family or healthcare providers.
Central rather than brachial pressures are stronger predictors of cardiovascular outcomes: A longitudinal prospective study in a Chinese population
Authors: Dong Ying , Jiang Linlin , Wang Xin , Chen Zuo , Zhang Linfeng , Zhang Zugui , Zheng Congyi , Kang Yuting , Wang Zengwu , Cao Huiqing , Wang Xiaoxia , Fang Tian , Han Xiaoyan , Li Zhe , Tian Ye , Dong Lihang , Sun Fengyu , Yuan Fucai , Zhou Xin , Zhu Yunyang , He Yi , Xi Qingping , Yang Ruihai , Yang Jun , Ren Yong , Dan Maiqi , Wang Yiyue , Yu Daming , Ju Ru , Guo Dongshuang , Tan Dahua , Zheng Zhiguo , Zheng Jingjing , Xu Yang , Wang Dongsheng , Chen Tao , Su Meihui , Zhang Yongde , Sun Zhanhang , Dai Chen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the association of blood pressure (BP) measurements with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and examine whether central systolic BP (CSBP) predicts CVD better than brachial BP measurements (SBP and pulse pressure [PP]). Based on a cross‐sectional study conducted in 2009‐2010 with follow‐up in 2016‐2017 among 35‐ to 64‐year‐old subjects in China, we evaluated the performance of non‐invasively predicted CSBP over brachial BP measurements on the first CVD events. Each BP measurement, individually and jointly with another BP measurement, was entered into the multivariate Cox proportional‐hazards models, to examine the predictability of central and brachial BP measurements. Mean age of participants (n = 8710) was 50.1 years at baseline. After a median follow‐up of 6.36 years, 187 CVD events occurred. CSBP was a stronger predictor for CVD than brachial BP measurements (CSBP, 1‐standard deviation increment HR = 1.49, 95%CI: 1.31‐1.70). With CSBP and SBP entering into models jointly, the HR for CSBP and SBP was 1.28 (1.04‐1.58) and 1.22 (0.98‐1.50), respectively. With CSBP and PP entering into models jointly, the HR for CSBP and PP was 1.51 (1.28‐1.78) and 0.98 (0.83‐1.15), respectively. For subgroup analysis, the association of CSBP with CVD was stronger than brachial BP measurements in women, those with hypertension and obesity. In the middle‐aged Chinese population, noninvasively estimated CSBP may offer advantages over brachial BP measurements to predict CVD events, especially for participants with higher risk. These findings suggest prospective assessment of CSBP as a prevention and treatment target in further trials.
Gadolinium‐containing carbon nanomaterials for magnetic resonance imaging: Trends and challenges
Authors: Rodríguez‐Galván Andrés , Rivera Margarita , García‐López Patricia , Medina Luis A. , Basiuk Vladimir A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGadolinium‐containing carbon nanomaterials are a new class of contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging. They are characterized by a superior proton relaxivity to any current commercial gadolinium contrast agent and offer the possibility to design multifunctional contrasts. Intense efforts have been made to develop these nanomaterials because of their potential for better results than the available gadolinium contrast agents. The aim of the present work is to provide a review of the advances in research on gadolinium‐containing carbon nanomaterials and their advantages over conventional gadolinium contrast agents. Due to their enhanced proton relaxivity, they can provide a reliable imaging contrast for cells, tissues or organs with much smaller doses than currently used in clinical practice, thus leading to reduced toxicity (as shown by cytotoxicity and biodistribution studies). Their active targeting capability allows for improved MRI of molecular or cellular targets, overcoming the limited labelling capability of available contrast agents (restricted to physiological irregularities during pathological conditions). Their potential of multifunctionality encompasses multimodal imaging and the combination of imaging and therapy.
Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) receptors: Promising drug targets for treating bone‐related diseases
Authors: Zhang Lincheng , Dong Yutong , Wang Yiran , Hu Wenhui , Dong Shiwu , Chen Yueqi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) is a natural bioactive lipid molecule and a common first or second messenger in the cardiovascular and immune systems. By binding with its receptors, S1P can serve as mediator of signalling during cell migration, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. Although the predominant role of S1P in bone regeneration has been noted in many studies, this role is not as well‐known as its roles in the cardiovascular and immune systems. In this review, we summarize previous research on the role of S1P receptors (S1PRs) in osteoblasts and osteoclasts. In addition, S1P is regarded as a bridge between bone resorption and formation, which brings hope to patients with bone‐related diseases. Finally, we discuss S1P and its receptors as therapeutic targets for treating osteoporosis, inflammatory osteolysis and bone metastasis based on the biological effects of S1P in osteoclastic/osteoblastic cells, immune cells and tumour cells.
Examining the effects of chronic, lake‐wide elevated temperatures on behavioural expression in largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides
Authors: White Dalon P. , Nannini Michael A. , Wahl David H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMany behaviours have differential fitness consequences across thermal and ecological contexts, indicating that both ecological shifts and warming temperatures induced by climatic change may alter how organisms behave. However, empirical evidence of temperature‐driven behavioural selection in natural systems is lacking. We compared behaviours and behavioural syndromes related to activity, exploration, boldness and aggression in populations of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) from ambient lakes to the those from artificially warmed, power plant cooling lakes to investigate changes in behaviours associated with warmer environments. Activity, exploration, boldness and aggression of juvenile largemouth bass were assessed in laboratory conditions using a novel environment assay and a risky situation assay. We found that activity and exploratory behaviours were higher and decreased through first year ontogeny in populations from heated lakes, whereas these behaviours were lower and showed no relationship through ontogeny in populations from ambient lakes. We attribute these differences to the changes in food source availability in heated lakes associated with temperature‐driven ecological effects. Bold and aggressive behaviours tended to differ between populations, as did correlations between behaviours, but did not differ between ambient and heated lakes. The findings of this work identify that large ecological changes associated with warming environments, such as food availability, may drive changes in some aspects of behavioural expression in largemouth bass but that other aspects of behavioural expression may be driven by lake‐specific factors not related to warming.
Temperature effects on egg and larval development rate in European smelt, Osmerus eperlanus, experiments and a 50 year hindcast
Authors: Keller Marieke , Molenaar Pieke , de Leeuw Joep , Mooij Wolf , Rijnsdorp Adriaan , van de Wolfshaar Karen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of water temperature on the development rate of eggs and larvae, the duration of the endogenous feeding period and its consequences for recruitment of smelt (Osmerus eperlanus) in Dutch lakes IJsselmeer and Markermeer. This study measured temperature‐dependent egg and larval development rates as well as mortality rates from fertilization till the moment of absorption of the yolk‐sac and from yolk‐sac depletion onwards in temperature‐controlled indoor experiments. Using multinomial modelling the authors found significant differences in development time of egg development stages under different temperature regimes. Based on historic water temperatures, the model predicted that the larval endogenous feeding period has advanced at a rate of about 2.9 days per decade in a more than 50 year period since 1961, yet there was no change in the duration of the endogenous feeding period. As zooplankton is more responsive to daylight than water temperature cues, a mismatch between the peak of the onset of exogenous feeding of smelt and the peak of zooplankton blooms could lead to high mortality and therefore low recruitment of smelt. Such a mismatch might contribute to a decline in the smelt population in Lake IJsselmeer and Lake Markermeer.
Reliable eDNA detection and quantification of the European weather loach (Misgurnus fossilis)
Authors: Brys Rein , Halfmaerten David , Neyrinck Sabrina , Mauvisseau Quentin , Auwerx Johan , Sweet Michael , Mergeay Joachim 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe European weather loach (Misgurnus fossilis) is a cryptic and poorly known fish species of high conservation concern. The species is experiencing dramatic population collapses across its native range to the point of regional extinction. Although environmental DNA (eDNA)‐based approaches offer clear advantages over conventional field methods for monitoring rare and endangered species, accurate detection and quantification remain difficult and quality assessment is often poorly incorporated. In this study, we developed and validated a novel digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) eDNA‐based method for reliable detection and quantification, which allows accurate monitoring of M. fossilis across a number of habitat types. A dilution experiment under laboratory conditions allowed the definition of the limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ), which were set at concentrations of 0.07 and 0.14 copies μl–1, respectively. A series of aquarium experiments revealed a significant and positive relationship between the number of individuals and the eDNA concentration measured. During a 3 year survey (2017–2019), we assessed 96 locations for the presence of M. fossilis in Flanders (Belgium). eDNA analyses on these samples highlighted 45% positive detections of the species. On the basis of the eDNA concentration per litre of water, only 12 sites appeared to harbour relatively dense populations. The other 31 sites gave a relatively weak positive signal that was typically situated below the LOQ. Combining sample‐specific estimates of effective DNA quantity (Qe) and conventional field sampling, we concluded that each of these weak positive sites still likely harboured the species and therefore they do not represent false positives. Further, only seven of the classified negative samples warrant additional sampling as our analyses identified a substantial risk of false‐negative detections (i.e., type II errors) at these locations. Finally, we illustrated that ddPCR outcompetes conventional qPCR analyses, especially when target DNA concentrations are critically low, which could be attributed to a reduced sensitivity of ddPCR to inhibition effects, higher sample concentrations being accommodated and higher sensitivity obtained.
The dietary anthocyanin delphinidin prevents bone resorption by inhibiting Rankl‐induced differentiation of osteoclasts in a medaka (Oryzias latipes) model of osteoporosis
Authors: Imangali Nurgul , Phan Quang Tien , Mahady Gail , Winkler Christoph 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe anthocyanin delphinidin is a natural compound found as water‐soluble pigment in coloured fruits and berries. Anthocyanin‐rich diets have been proposed to have bone protective effects in humans and mice, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we used a medaka (Oryzias latipes) osteoporosis model to test the effects of delphinidin on bone cells in vivo. In this model, inducible transgenic expression of receptor‐activator of NF‐kβ ligand (Rankl) leads to ectopic formation of osteoclasts and excessive bone resorption, similar to the situation in human osteoporosis patients. Using live imaging in medaka bone reporter lines, we show that delphinidin significantly reduces the number of osteoclasts after Rankl induction and protects bone integrity in a dose‐dependent manner. Our in vivo findings suggest that delphinidin primarily affects the de novo differentiation of macrophages into osteoclasts rather than the recruitment of macrophages to sites of bone resorption. For already existing osteoclasts, delphinidin treatment affected their morphology, leading to fewer protrusions and a more spherical shape. Apoptosis rates were not increased by delphinidin, suggesting that osteoclast numbers were reduced primarily by impaired differentiation from macrophage progenitors and reduced maintenance of pre‐existing osteoclasts. Importantly, and in contrast to previously reported cell culture experiments, no effect of delphinidin on osteoblast differentiation and distribution was observed in medaka in vivo. Our study is the first report on the effects of delphinidin on bone cells in fish embryos, which are a unique model system for compound testing that is suitable for live imaging of bone cell behaviour in vivo.
Human papillomavirus vaccination and postural tachycardia syndrome, deconditioning and exercise‐induced hyperalgesia: An alternate interpretation of the reported adverse reactions
Authors: Ishizaki Yuko , Gomi Harumi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHuman papillomavirus vaccination (HPVV) was included in the national immunization program in 2013 in Japan. However, the Japanese government suspended proactive recommendations 2 months after this decision because various adverse events following the vaccination were reported by the media. More than 6 years have already passed since the suspension of proactive recommendations of all available vaccines in Japan. Although no causal relationship between the adverse effects and HPVV has been confirmed, the Japanese government has not withdrawn the suspension. Thus, it is important to show various possible causes of the adverse events other than HPVV. It is attempted to describe the possible contribution of the misunderstanding regarding the symptoms of postural tachycardia syndrome, deconditioning, and exercise‐induced hyperalgesia as the adverse effects of HPVV in this review article.
Subgroup analysis of accreta, increta and percreta cases using acoustic radiation force impulse elastography
Authors: Bayramoğlu Tepe Neslihan , Gelebek Yilmaz Feyza , Bozdag Zehra , Uğur Mete Gürol 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo compare acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography values and histopathological diagnoses (accreta, increta, percreta) in patients suspected of having abnormal placental invasion (API).Materials and methodsThis prospective study included 54 patients in the third trimester with a history of caesarian section (CS) and API based on gray scale and Doppler ultrasonography (USG) and 35 healthy controls. Patients underwent ARFI elastography preoperatively. Elastography measurements of the fetal and maternal sides of the placenta were compared to histopathology.ResultsPatients had higher maternal‐side, fetal‐side and average elastography values (P = 0.001). Intraoperatively, eight patients (14.8%) showed abnormal cervical canal invasion and 46 (85.2%) bladder and/or parametrial invasion. Eight patients underwent CS + placental‐bed suture, 11 CS + excision of the lower segment, and 35 caesarean‐hysterectomy. Histopathology of lower segment excision/caesarian‐hysterectomy patients determined 10 (21.7%) accreta, 10 (21.7%) increta and 26 (56.6%) percreta cases. ARFI values were highest in the percreta subgroup. The increta subgroup showed higher ARFI values than the accreta subgroup but maternal‐side, fetal‐side and average ARFI values were not significantly different across the subgroups (P > 0.05). The cut‐off values for average, peripheral and central elastography were determined as >0.90, >0.76, >0.98 (m/s) with sensitivities of 98, 64, 98% and specificities of 85, 80, 91%, respectively.ConclusionARFI elastography can detect API. However, it cannot determine invasion depth reliably. More studies with subgroup analyses are warranted to reveal its usefulness for invasion depth.
Factors associated with anaemia in a nationally representative sample of nonpregnant women of reproductive age in Nepal
Authors: Ford Nicole D. , Bichha Ram Padarth , Parajuli Kedar Raj , Paudyal Naveen , Joshi Nira , Whitehead Ralph D. , Chitekwe Stanley , Mei Zuguo , Flores‐Ayala Rafael , Adhikari Debendra P. , Rijal Sanjay , Jefferds Maria Elena 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe used cross‐sectional data from the 2016 Nepal National Micronutrient Status Survey to evaluate factors associated with anaemia among a nationally representative sample of nonpregnant women 15– 49 years (n = 1, 918). Haemoglobin, biomarkers of iron status and other micronutrients, infection, inflammation, and blood disorders were assessed from venous blood. Soil‐transmitted helminth and Helicobacter pylori infections were assessed from stool. Sociodemographic, household, and health characteristics and diet were ascertained by interview. We conducted bivariate analyses between candidate predictors and anaemia (haemoglobin <12.0 g/ dL, altitude‐ and smoking‐adjusted). Candidate predictors that were significant in bivariate models (P < 0.05) were included in the multivariable logistic regression model, accounting for complex sampling design. Anaemia prevalence was 20.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] [17.6, 22.8]). Associated with reduced anaemia odds were living in the Mountain and Hill ecological zones relative to the Terai (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.35, 95% CI [0.21, 0.60] and AOR 0.41, 95% CI [0.29, 0.59], respectively), recent cough (AOR 0.56, 95% CI [0.38, 0.82]), hormonal contraceptive use (AOR 0.58; 95% CI [0.38, 0.88]), ln ferritin (micrograms per litre; AOR 0.43, 95% CI [0.35, 0.54]), and ln retinol binding protein (micrograms per litre; AOR 0.20, 95% CI [0.11, 0.37]). Residing in a house with an earth floor (AOR 1.74, 95% CI [1.18, 2.56]), glucose‐6‐ phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (AOR 2.44, 95% CI [1.66, 3.60]), and haemoglobinopathies (AOR 6.15, 95% CI [3.09, 12.26]) were associated with increased anaemia odds. Interventions that improve micronutrient status, ensure access to hormonal birth control, and replace dirt floors to reduce infection risk might help reduce anaemia in this population.
Distinct fungal successional trajectories following wildfire between soil horizons in a cold‐temperate forest
Authors: Yang Teng , Tedersoo Leho , Lin Xingwu , Fitzpatrick Matthew C. , Jia Yunsheng , Liu Xu , Ni Yingying , Shi Yu , Lu Pengpeng , Zhu Jianguo , Chu Haiyan 
Published: March 2020

Summary

Soil fungi represent a major component of below‐ground biodiversity that determines the succession and recovery of forests after disturbance. However, their successional trajectories and driving mechanisms following wildfire remain unclear.

We examined fungal biomass, richness, composition and enzymes across three soil horizons (Oe, A1 and A2) along a near‐complete fire chronosequence (1, 2, 8, 14, 30, 49 and c. 260 yr) in cold‐temperate forests of the Great Khingan Mountains, China. The importance of soil properties, spatial distance and tree composition were also tested.

Ectomycorrhizal fungal richness and β‐glucosidase activity were strongly reduced by burning and significantly increased with ‘time since fire’ in the Oe horizon but not in the mineral horizons. Time since fire and soil C : N ratio were the primary drivers of fungal composition in the Oe and A1/A2 horizons, respectively. Ectomycorrhizal fungal composition was remarkably sensitive to fire history in the Oe horizon, while saprotroph community was strongly affected by time since fire in the deeper soil horizon and this effect emerged 18 years after fire in the A2 horizon.

Our study demonstrates pronounced horizon‐dependent successional trajectories following wildfire and indicates interactive effects of time since fire, soil stoichiometry and spatial distance in the reassembly of below‐ground fungal communities in a cold and fire‐prone region.
Towards a Hybrid Account of Luck
Authors: de Grefte Job 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe concept of luck is important in various areas of philosophy. In this paper, I argue that two prominent accounts of luck, the modal and the probabilistic account of luck, need to be combined to accommodate the various ways in which luck comes in degrees. I briefly sketch such a hybrid account of luck, distinguish it from two similar accounts recently proposed, and consider some objections.