bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Oxytocin on Neurite Outgrowth and Synaptic Proteins inMagel2-Deficient Mice
Authors: Reichova Alexandra , Schaller Fabienne , Bukatova Stanislava , Bacova Zuzana , Muscatelli Françoise , Bakos Jan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOxytocin contributes to the regulation of cytoskeletal and synaptic proteins and could therefore affect the mechanisms of neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism. Both the Prader-Willi syndrome and Schaaf-Yang syndrome exhibit autistic symptoms involving theMAGEL2gene.Magel2-deficient mice show a deficit in social behavior that is rescued following postnatal administration of oxytocin. Here, inMagel2-deficient mice, we showed that the neurite outgrowth of primary cultures of immature hippocampal neurons is reduced. Treatment with oxytocin, but not retinoic acid, reversed this abnormality. In the hippocampus ofMagel2-deficient pups, we further demonstrated that several transcripts of neurite outgrowth-associated proteins, synaptic vesicle proteins, and cell-adhesion molecules are decreased. In the juvenile stage, when neurons are mature, normalization or even overexpression of most of these markers was observed, suggesting a delay in the neuronal maturation ofMagel2-deficient pups. Moreover, we found reduced transcripts of the excitatory postsynaptic marker,Psd95in the hippocampus and we observed a decrease of PSD95/VGLUT2 colocalization in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions inMagel2-deficient mice, indicating a defect in glutamatergic synapses. Postnatal administration of oxytocin upregulated postsynaptic transcripts in pups; however, it did not restore the level of markers of glutamatergic synapses inMagel2-deficient mice. Overall,Magel2deficiency leads to abnormal neurite outgrowth and reduced glutamatergic synapses during development, suggesting abnormal neuronal maturation. Oxytocin stimulates the expression of numerous genes involved in neurite outgrowth and synapse formation in early development stages. Postnatal oxytocin administration has a strong effect in development that should be considered for certain neuropsychiatric conditions in infancy.
Crystal structure of GH43 exo-β-1,3-galactanase from the basidiomycetePhanerochaete chrysosporiumprovides insights into the mechanism of bypassing side chains
Authors: Matsuyama Kaori , Kishine Naomi , Fujimoto Zui , Sunagawa Naoki , Kotake Toshihisa , Tsumuraya Yoichi , Samejima Masahiro , Igarashi Kiyohiko , Kaneko Satoshi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractArabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are functional plant proteoglycans, but their functions are largely unexplored, mainly because of the complexity of the sugar moieties, which are generally analyzed with the aid of glycoside hydrolases. In this study, we solved the apo and liganded structures of exo-β-1,3-galactanase from the basidiomycetePhanerochaete chrysosporium(Pc1,3Gal43A), which specifically cleaves AGPs. It is composed of a glycoside hydrolase family 43 subfamily 24 (GH43_sub24) catalytic domain together with a carbohydrate-binding module family (CBM) 35 binding domain. GH43_sub24 lacks the catalytic base Asp that is conserved among other GH43 subfamilies. Crystal structure and kinetic analyses indicated that the tautomerized imidic acid function of Gln263 serves instead as the catalytic base residue.Pc1,3Gal43A has three subsites that continue from the bottom of the catalytic pocket to the solvent. Subsite -1 contains a space that can accommodate the C-6 methylol of Gal, enabling the enzyme to bypass the β-1,6-linked galactan side chains of AGPs. Furthermore, the galactan-binding domain in CBM35 has a different ligand interaction mechanism from other sugar-binding CBM35s. Some of the residues involved in ligand recognition differ from those of galactomannan-binding CBM35, including substitution of Trp for Gly, which affects pyranose stacking, and substitution of Asn for Asp in the lower part of the binding pocket.Pc1,3Gal43A WT and its mutants at residues involved in substrate recognition are expected to be useful tools for structural analysis of AGPs. Our findings should also be helpful in engineering designer enzymes for efficient utilization of various types of biomass.
Impacts of sex ratio meiotic drive on genome structure and defense in a stalk-eyed fly
Authors: Reinhardt Josephine A. , Baker Richard H. , Zimin Aleksey V. , Ladias Chloe , Paczolt Kimberly A. , Werren John H. , Hayashi Cheryl Y. , Wilkinson Gerald S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSome stalk-eyed flies in the genus Teleopsis carry selfish genetic elements that induce sex ratio meiotic drive (SR) and impact the fitness of male and female carriers. Here, we produced a chromosome-level genome assembly of the stalk-eyed fly, T. dalmanni, to elucidate patterns of genomic divergence associated with the presence of drive elements. We find evidence for multiple nested inversions along the sex ratio haplotype and widespread differentiation and divergence between XSR and XSR along the entire chromosome. These include a striking XSR-specific expansion of an array of partial copies of JASPer, a gene necessary for maintenance of euchromatin and regulation of transposable element expression (TEs). In addition, the genome contains tens of thousands of TE insertions and hundreds of transcriptionally and insertionally active TE families. Moreover, we find that several TE families are differentially expressed and/or present at a different copy number in SR male testes, suggesting an association between these two categories of selfish genetic elements in this species. We identify T. dalmanni orthologs of genes involved in genome defense via the piRNA pathway, including core members maelstrom, piwi and Argonaute3, that have diverged in sequence, expression or copy number between the SR and standard (ST) X chromosomes, consistent with altered TE regulation in flies carrying a sex ratio X chromosome. Overall, the evidence suggests that this ancient XSR polymorphism has had a variety of impacts on repetitive DNA and its regulation in this species.
A graph neural network model to estimate cell-wise metabolic flux using single cell RNA-seq data
Authors: Alghamdi Norah , Chang Wennan , Dang Pengtao , Lu Xiaoyu , Wan Changlin , Gampala Silpa , Huang Zhi , Wang Jiashi , Ma Qin , Zang Yong , Fishel Melissa , Cao Sha , Zhang Chi 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThe metabolic heterogeneity, and metabolic interplay between cells and their microenvironment have been known as significant contributors to disease treatment resistance. However, with the lack of a mature high-throughput single cell metabolomics technology, we are yet to establish systematic understanding of intra-tissue metabolic heterogeneity and cooperation phenomena among cell populations. To mitigate this knowledge gap, we developed a novel computational method, namely scFEA (single cell Flux Estimation Analysis), to infer single cell fluxome from single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. scFEA is empowered by a comprehensively reconstructed human metabolic map into a factor graph, a novel probabilistic model to leverage the flux balance constraints on scRNA-seq data, and a novel graph neural network based optimization solver. The intricate information cascade from transcriptome to metabolome was captured using multi-layer neural networks to fully capitulate the non-linear dependency between enzymatic gene expressions and reaction rates. We experimentally validated scFEA by generating an scRNA-seq dataset with matched metabolomics data on cells of perturbed oxygen and genetic conditions. Application of scFEA on this dataset demonstrated the consistency between predicted flux and metabolic imbalance with the observed variation of metabolite abundance in the matched metabolomics data. We also applied scFEA on five publicly available scRNA-seq and spatial transcriptomics datasets and identified context and cell group specific metabolic variations. The cell-wise fluxome predicted by scFEA empowers a series of downstream analysis including identification of metabolic modules or cell groups that share common metabolic variations, sensitivity evaluation of enzymes with regards to their impact on the whole metabolic flux, and inference of cell-tissue and cell-cell metabolic communications.
Mechanism of cell polarisation and first lineage segregation in the human embryo
Authors: Zhu Meng , Shahbazi Marta N. , Martin Angel , Zhang Chuanxin , Sozen Berna , Borsos Mate , Mandelbaum Rachel S. , Paulson Richard J. , Mole Matteo A. , Esbert Marga , Scott Richard T. , Campbell Alison , Fishel Simon , Gradinaru Viviana , Zhao Han , Wu Keliang , Chen Zijiang , Seli Emre , de los Santos Maria J. , Zernicka-Goetz Magdalena 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe formation of differential cell lineages in the mammalian blastocyst from the totipotent zygote is crucial for implantation and the success of the whole pregnancy. The first lineage segregation generates the polarised trophectoderm (TE) tissue, which forms the placenta, and the apolar inner cell mass (ICM), which mainly gives rise to all foetal tissues and also the yolk sac1–3. The mechanism underlying this cell fate segregation has been extensively studied in the mouse embryo4,5. However, when and how it takes place in the human embryo remains unclear. Here, using time-lapse imaging and 325 surplus human embryos, we provide a detailed characterisation of morphological events and transcription factor expression and localisation to understand how they lead to the first lineage segregation in human embryogenesis. We show that the first lineage segregation of the human embryo is triggered by cell polarisation that occurs at the 8-cell stage in two sequential steps. In the first step, F-actin becomes apically polarised concomitantly with embryo compaction. In the second step, the Par complex becomes polarised to form the apical cellular domain. Mechanistically, we show that activation of Phospholipase C (PLC) triggers actin polarisation and is therefore essential for apical domain formation, as is the case in mouse embryos6. Finally, we show that, in contrast to the mouse embryo, the key extra-embryonic determinant GATA37,8is expressed not only in extra-embryonic lineage precursors upon blastocyst formation. However, the cell polarity machinery enhances the expression and nuclear accumulation of GATA3. In summary, our results demonstrate for the first time that cell polarisation reinforces the first lineage segregation in the human embryo.
Negative short-range genomic autocorrelation of causal effects on human complex traits
Authors: Schoech Armin P. , Weissbrod Omer , O’Connor Luke J. , Patterson Nick , Shi Huwenbo , Reshef Yakir , Price Alkes L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMost models of complex trait genetic architecture assume that signed causal effect sizes of each SNP (defined with respect to the minor allele) are uncorrelated with those of nearby SNPs, but it is currently unknown whether this is the case. We develop a new method, autocorrelation LD regression (ACLR), for estimating the genome-wide autocorrelation of causal minor allele effect sizes as a function of genomic distance. Our method estimates these autocorrelations by regressing the products of summary statistics on distance-dependent LD scores. We determined that ACLR robustly assesses the presence or absence of nonzero autocorrelation, producing unbiased estimates with well-calibrated standard errors in null simulations regardless of genetic architecture; if true autocorrelation is nonzero, ACLR correctly detects its sign, although estimates of the autocorrelation magnitude are susceptible to bias in cases of certain genetic architectures. We applied ACLR to 31 diseases and complex traits from the UK Biobank (average N=331K), meta-analyzing results across traits. We determined that autocorrelations were significantly negative at distances of 1-50bp (P = 8 × 10−6, point estimate −0.35 ±0.08) and 50-100bp (P = 2 × 10−3, point estimate −0.33 ± 0.11). We show that the autocorrelation is primarily driven by pairs of SNPs in positive LD, which is consistent with the expectation that linked SNPs with opposite effects are less impacted by natural selection. Our findings suggest that this mechanism broadly affects complex trait genetic architectures, and we discuss implications for association mapping, heritability estimation, and genetic risk prediction.
Response of coral reef dinoflagellates to nanoplastics under experimental conditions
Authors: Ripken Christina , Khalturin Konstantin , Shoguchi Eiichi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPlastic products contribute heavily to anthropogenic pollution of the oceans. Small plastic particles in the micro- and nanoscale ranges have been found in all marine ecosystems, but little is known about their effects upon marine organisms. In this study we examine changes in cell growth, aggregation, and gene expression of two symbiotic dinoflagellates of the family Symbiodiniaceae,Symbiodinium tridacnidorum(clade A3) andCladocopiumsp. (clade C), under exposure to 42-nm polystyrene beads. In laboratory experiments, cell number and aggregation were reduced after 10 days of nanoplastic exposure at 0.01, 0.1, and 10 mg/L concentrations, but no clear correlation with plastic concentration was observed. Genes involved in dynein motor function were upregulated compared to control conditions, while genes related to photosynthesis, mitosis, and intracellular degradation were downregulated. Overall, nanoplastic exposure led to more genes being downregulated than upregulated and the number of genes with altered expression was larger inCladocopiumsp. than inS. tridacnidorum, suggesting different sensitivity to nanoplastic between species. Our data show that nanoplastic inhibits growth and alters aggregation properties of microalgae, which may negatively affect the uptake of these indispensable symbionts by coral reef organisms.
Product deletion and supply chain repercussions: risk management using FMEA
Authors: Zhu Qingyun , Golrizgashti Seyedehfatemeh , Sarkis Joseph 
Published: September 2020

PurposeProduct portfolio management is a strategic concern. Product portfolio management includes decisions associated with adding new products, maintaining existing products and deleting or phasing out problematic products. This paper first introduces a framework to identify risks of product deletion along supply chain activities. It utilizes failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) to identify, analyse and evaluate product deletion risks on supply chains and proposes managerial implications for risk management in dynamic business scenarios. It is meant to build upon and address a gap in the product deletion and supply chain linkage literature.Design/methodology/approachFMEA is utilized in this study to structure and manage potential risks in product deletion decision-making on supply chains. FMEA is based on an analysis of severity, occurrence and detectability of failure modes. FMEA provides methods to help identify managerial preventive solutions to avoid and mitigate risk consequences of such decisions.FindingsTen top product deletion risks are identified in this study; discussions of their negative impact on supply chain performance, and possible managerial recommendations are followed for risk control, monitor and elimination.Practical implicationsFindings help managers to predict, avoid and mitigate risk consequences of product deletion decisions; especially those related to the supply chain. A framework to structure various risks of product deletion in the supply chain can be useful to both practitioners and researchers.Originality/valueThis study advances product portfolio management through enhanced understanding of product deletion decision-making in organizations; and especially contributes to a broader investigation of such decisions in supply chain management. It also structures the factors that play a role in identifying risks.
PMSM speed control based on intelligent sliding mode technique
Authors: Tavoosi Jafar 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a novel intelligent backstepping sliding mode control for an experimental permanent magnet synchronous motor.

Design/methodology/approach
A novel recurrent radial basis function network (RBFN) is used to is used to approximate unknown nonlinear functions in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) dynamics. Then, using the functions obtained from the neural network, it is possible to design a model-based and precise controller for PMSM using the immersive modeling method.

Findings
Experimental results indicate the appropriate performance of the proposed method.

Originality/value
This paper presents a novel intelligent backstepping sliding mode control for an experimental permanent magnet synchronous motor. A novel recurrent RBFN is used to is used to approximate unknown nonlinear functions in PMSM dynamics.
Performance assessment of controller designed for electrical systems with second order dynamics
Authors: Begum K. Ghousiya 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
An assessment technique that analyzes the servo and regulatory characteristics of the proportional integral derivative controller is designed for time-delayed second-order stable processes.

Design/methodology/approach
The minimum theoretical error expression for integral of the absolute errors (IAE_o) is obtained from the preferred servo and regulatory transfer functions dependent on the step changes in reference and load variables.

Findings
The error-based index is outlined to estimate the controller that is derived using internal model-based control or direct synthesis method. The ratio between derived IAE_o and the IAE_actual gained from the loop response that experiences step input variations gives rise to a dimensionless error index. This error index measures the behaviour of the controller by considering the index value. If the error index value is larger than 0.8, then the effort taken by the controller is good or else retuning is expected.

Originality/value
The efficacy of the index to validate the controller is verified by applying on a few second-order electrical processes. The results are simulated for both reference tracking and load rejection tasks to demonstrate the rationality of the presented index.
Individual knowledge creation ability: dispositional antecedents and relationship to innovative performance
Authors: Sarwat Nosheen , Abbas Muhammad 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to understand the effects of creative self-efficacy and affective personal commitment on individuals' knowledge creation and innovative work behaviors.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a time-lagged field survey to collect data from a diverse sample across various organizations in Pakistan (N = 249 paired responses). Main and mediating effects were tested using bootstrapping technique.FindingsThe results revealed that affective personal commitment and creative self-efficacy significantly predicted supervisory-rated innovative performance directly and indirectly through knowledge creation ability (KCA).Originality/valueThe study uniquely contributed to the body of knowledge by developing and validating scales for KCA and affective personal commitment. In addition, the study contributed to the body of knowledge by examining the antecedents and outcomes of KCA.
Impact of intangible resources (dominant logic) on SMEs innovation performance, the mediating role of dynamic managerial capabilities: evidence from China
Authors: Khan Kashif Ullah , Atlas Fouzia , Ghani Usman , Akhtar Sadia , Khan Farhan 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the important role of intangible resources under resource based view (RBV) such as dominant logic (information filter and learning/routines) and dynamic managerial capabilities (managerial human capital, HC; social capital, SC and managerial cognition, MC) in small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) innovation performance in Hefei, Anhui province China.Design/methodology/approachAn empirical study was conducted while distributing 498 questionnaires among different SMEs in Hefei, of which around 429 responses were received. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to test the proposed hypotheses.FindingsThis research study is an endeavor to fill the missing link in the existing literature, and empirical analysis of this research supports all the hypotheses confirming that dominant logic and dynamic managerial capabilities are valuable intangible resources and positively and significantly influence the SMEs innovation performance. Results also indicate that managerial human capital, social capital and managerial cognition (dynamic managerial capabilities) play a significant mediating role between dominant logic and SMEs innovation performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings suggest that those SMEs which are lacking tangible resources should build and nurture their top management capabilities and dominant logic and SMEs effectively utilizing these intangible resources can enhance their innovation performance.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that SMEs lacking tangible resources should build and nurture their top management capabilities and dominant logic and SMEs effectively utilizing these intangible resources can enhance their innovation performance.Originality/valueThis paper argues theoretically (under RBV and dynamic capabilities view-DCV) and demonstrates empirically that in an emerging economy, i.e. China characterized by highly volatile, dynamic and uncertain competitive environments, SMEs lack tangible resources; therefore, intangible resources (e.g. dominant logic-DL and dynamic managerial capabilities-DMC) are vital for SMEs innovation performance and competitive advantage.
Entrepreneurial characteristics amongst university students: insights for understanding entrepreneurial intentions amongst youths in a developing economy
Authors: Ibidunni Ayodotun Stephen , Mozie Dumebi , Ayeni Adebanji Wlliam A.A. 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThis study focussed on investigating the impact of entrepreneurial characteristics on the entrepreneurial intention of university students in Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachThis research adopted a survey research design via a well-constructed questionnaire. The study's sample size consisted of 354 aspiring student entrepreneurs.FindingsThe result from the statistical analysis revealed that the entrepreneurial characteristics, especially risk tolerance, the need for achievement and the locus of control (LoC) significantly influence students' entrepreneurial intentions.Research limitations/implicationsOne implication of this study is that risk tolerance has a positive influence on the ability to identify business opportunities. Thus, when persons pay adequate attention to tolerating risks, they have more chances of identifying business opportunities. Despite the valuable contribution made by this research, an important area of future research is to carry out investigations that use a more robust sample size and a multivariate analysis to identify the impact of entrepreneurial competencies on entrepreneurial intentions of university youths from a cross-country perspective amongst developing economies.Originality/valueThere are very little understanding and empirical evidence about how the entrepreneurial characteristics of the youths, especially those in the formal university system of developing countries like Nigeria, can determine and direct their intentions to venture into entrepreneurship endeavours. This study, therefore, undertakes an interventionist role to investigate the relationship between entrepreneurial characteristics and entrepreneurial intentions of university students in Nigeria.