bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global disinformation campaigns and legal challenges
Authors: Nagasako Tomoko 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecently, some countries have deployed global cyberattacks that not only impose destructive measures on the systems of industries or infrastructures, but also as a type of information warfare, including social networking service (SNS) and other media that affects election results or democratic processes, thereby becoming a threat to democracy. Thus, this kind of operation is recognized as “disinformation.” This paper demonstrates cases of disinformation in cyberspace and focuses on legal problems in international laws and countermeasures taken by legal systems in individual countries. Consequently, one finds that it is challenging to deal with disinformation on a national scale. As there is a limit regarding the regulations by international law at present, it is essential to provide national laws for its regulation. Here, the types of countermeasures are classified in order to find improved responses as the number of disinformation cases increases. Since regulations on disinformation could violate freedom of expression and democracy in some cases, subsequent sanctions against foreign state actors should be applied, and regulations on the content of media and online platforms need to be carefully put in place.
Global Innovation Indicators analysed by multicriteria decision
Authors: Silva Marcela do Carmo , Gavião Luiz Octávio , Gomes Carlos Francisco Simões , Lima Gilson Brito Alves 
Published: October 2020

Goal: This paper analyses how European countries of Global Innovation Indicators (GII) present in the ranking by multicriteria support aid analysis.
Design / Methodology / Approach: The methodology uses Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) for ranking countries and PROMETHÉE (Preference Ranking Organisation Method for Enrichment Evaluations) for outranking them.
Results: There was change in 30 ordered positions from 39 countries observed. At non-compensatory method the overrating become “easier” than the compensatory method, especially when there are many alternatives and criteria for computing with small difference among values.
Limitations of the investigation: It is only used the GII 2015 Europe for continuing investigations about MCDA realized for Latin America (2017) and Asia and Africa (2019).
Practical implications: The applications result in a different understanding about TOPSIS ranking application, from original score list at GII; and also the perception of organized groups at outranking application.
Originality / Value: Observing GII via MCDA is possible to see changing’s in the ranking according to countries profiles different from GII raking. Although European profiles seem to be similar, it is important to observe other perspective of grouping by them; suggesting quantitative studies inclusion and innovative trends.
STEAM Education: Technological Skills, Students’ Cultural Background and Covid-19 Crisis
Authors: Dana-Picard Thierry , Hershkovitz Sara 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe present an initial description of an ongoing research project. Students are attracted to learn mathematics, not only for its application but also for their cultural interest. The students’ cultural backgrounds are used, and situations are analyzed and modeled using technology. This first step has been instrumental in making the transition to distance learning necessary due to the Covid-19 crisis. We focus on a specific population of students who had to overcome, within a short time, two important transitions in the learning processes.
Analysis of 64 channels based IS-OWC system using different intereference reduction techniques
Authors: Mahajan Suraj , Gupta Preeti , Kumar Vijay 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Optical wireless communication in space is attracting great consideration due to high speed, high capacity, no EMI, high security, and wide bandwidth. OWC has edge over microwave communication because in laser based communication, relay feature saves the time of the system. In this paper, different interference reduction techniques in wavelength division multiplexing based inter-satellite optical wireless system are presented at different data rates 10, 20, and 40 Gbps. Hybrid multiplexing using wide division multiplexing and time division multiplexing is proposed first and second technique proposed is polarization interleaving in IsOWC systems. Dense channel spacing system with diverse modulations is investigated further such as Chirped, differential phase shift keying, and alternate mark inversion (AMI). Q factor is the performance evaluation parameters for different distances.
On the uncertainty of height anomaly differences predicted by least-squares collocation
Authors: Mysen E. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A network of pointwise available height anomalies, derived from levelling and GPS observations, can be densified by adjusting a gravimetric quasigeoid using least-squares collocation. The resulting type of Corrector Surface Model (CSM) is applied by Norwegian surveyors to convert ellipsoidal heights to normal heights expressed in the official height system NN2000. In this work, the uncertainty related to the use of a CSM to predict differences in height anomaly was sought. As previously, the application of variograms to determine the local statistical properties of the adopted collocation model led to predictions that were consistent with their computed uncertainties. For the purpose of predicting height anomaly differences, the effect of collocation was seen to be moderate in general for the small spatial separations considered (< 10 km). However, the relative impact of collocation could be appreciable, and increasing with distance, near the network. At last, it was argued that conservative uncertainties of height anomaly differences may be obtained by rescaling output of a grid interpolation by

Δ

\sqrt \Delta

, where Δ is the spatial separation of the two locations for which the difference is sought.
Up-regulation of HTR1A reverses stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity through modulating interactions among the anterior cingulate cortex, insular cortex and hippocampus
Authors: Xuan Liqian , Zhou Jingjing , Yi Lisha , Xu Shuchang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to explore the effect of 5-HT1A receptors (HTR1A) on activation of the anterior cingulate cortex and simultaneous regulation of neural activity in the insular cortex and hippocampus.
Methods: The IBS rat model was established via chronic water avoidance stress (WAS). Visceral sensitivity was measured by electromyogram, and anxiety-like behaviours were evaluated by the open field test. HTR1A-specific lentivirus expressing green fluorescent protein was used to overexpress or down-regulate HTR1A expression. Protein expression levels were detected by western blot.
Results: Up-regulation of HTR1A in ACC could inhibit ACC sensitization and reverse the visceral hypersensitivity and anxiety-like behaviours induced by chronic psychological stress. In contrast, down-regulation of HTR1A in ACC might promote these behaviors in IBS rats. Additionally, up-regulation of HTR1A in ACC could inhibit IC and hippocampus sensitization, while down-regulation might have the opposite effect.
Conclusions: In IBS rats, HTR1A could modulate ACC activation and interactions among the ACC, IC and hippocampus. These effects might in turn contribute to the development of visceral hypersensitivity and anxiety-like behaviours induced by chronic psychological stress.
Accelerated Aging of Deacidified and Untreated Book Paper in 1967 Compared with 52 Years of Natural Aging
Authors: Horst Tali H. , Smith Richard D. , Potthast Antje , Hubbe Martin A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Three copies of a book that had been optionally deacidified using two different procedures in 1967, and then subjected to accelerated aging, were tested again after 52 years of natural aging. Matched copies of the book Cooking the Greek Way, which had been printed in Czechoslovakia on acidic paper, were evaluated. Nonaqueous treatment of two of the copies with magnesium methoxide dissolved in chlorofluorocarbon solvent had been found in 1967 to have decreased the susceptibility to embrittlement, as evidenced by the results of the accelerated aging, followed by folding endurance tests. Retesting of the same books in 2019, after 52 years of room temperature storage, showed that the deacidification treatments had achieved the following benefits in comparison to the untreated book: (a) higher brightness; (b) higher folding endurance; (c) tensile breaking length higher in the cross-direction of the paper; (d) substantial alkaline reserve content, (e) an alkaline surface pH in the range 7.1–7.4, and (f) higher molecular mass of the cellulose. Remarkably, some of the folding endurance results matched those of unaged samples evaluated in 1967. Scanning electron micrographs showed no differences between the treated and untreated books.
Der Fall Jerusalem, Timiou Staurou 104 (12. Jh.):
Eine Untersuchung zur Herkunft patristischer
Exzerpte in den Tetraevangelien
Authors: Lorrain Agnès 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A number of Byzantine tetraevangelia dating from between the tenth and twelfth centuries contain sequences of accompanying texts (among which patristic excerpts) that are very similar to those found in manuscripts with catena commentaries. This similarity raises the question of how the paths of such accompanying texts were formed during their transmission. Is it possible to define intermediate sources or relationships between manuscripts despite the complex traditions of such elements? This article first considers some methodological questions and then takes as a case study a tetraevangelium which features a collection of introductory texts that were likely all copied from a single catena. The structure of the content, the textual variants, and some of the codicological characteristics of the two manuscripts in question shed light on the process of compilation. This kind of analysis can contribute to a better understanding of scribal practices and shows how paratexts of the Bible represent a rich and, until now, untapped source of information on the transmission of the exegesis of the Church Fathers in the form of small excerpts.
Kritische Ethnomethodologie
Authors: Scheffer Thomas 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Aufsatz bietet eine Revision der Ethnomethodologie, um ihren kritischen Gehalten einen positiven Status einzuräumen. Für diese Revision werden die basalen Maximen des „Doing Ethnomethodology” ausbuchstabiert. Die Maximen verrichten eine Analyse, die die unmittelbaren praktischen (Vollzugs- und Bezugs-) Probleme auf das Tun der Mitglieder als deren methodische Bearbeitung beziehen. Auf dieser Basis, eröffnet der Aufsatz ausgreifende, gleichsam praktisch orientierte Problem-Dimensionen: Durchsetzungsprobleme und existentielle Probleme. Dieser erweiterte Problemhaushalt leitet die Diskussion von fünf EM-Fallstudien hinsichtlich ihrer kritischen Potentiale an: zum soziologischen Erkenntnisapparat, Degradierungszeremonien, dem „doing gender“, Militäroperationen and politischer Diskursarbeit. Jede Behandlung gipfelt dabei in einer modifizierten Maxime, die es erlaubt, kritische Potentiale freizusetzen. Die kritische Ethnomethodologie (kEM), die auf diese Weise entwickelt wird, forciert eine differenzierte (nicht generelle), fundamentale (nicht oberflächliche) und zeitgenössische (nicht ritualisierte) Kritik. Sie fokussiert die bedingten Problembearbeitungskapazitäten von soziomateriellen Apparaten-im-Betrieb. Die Kapazitäten richten sich auf einen situierten Problemhaushalt, inklusive der drängenden existentiellen Probleme. Die vorgeschlagene kritische Analyse unterstellt nicht mehr Erfolgsbias, noch die funktionale Passung von praktischen Fragen und deren methodischer Beantwortung, von Problemen und Lösungen. KEM bezieht sich stattdessen auf die Notwendigkeiten, (Über-) Forderungen und greifbaren Möglichkeiten angesichts der zeitgenössischen Vielfachkrisen.
Der talentierte Briefeschreiber Robert K. Merton als einflussreicher Gate-Opener: Eine Analyse von 1460 Empfehlungsschreiben
Authors: Korom Philipp 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung
Der Artikel analysiert akademisches Gate-Keeping anhand von 1460 Empfehlungsschreiben des einflussreichen amerikanischen Soziologen Robert K. Merton (RKM). Teils auf Ansuchen von Berufungskommissionen und zumeist mit augeprägtem Enthusiasmus gab RKM sein Urteil über das Talent sowie die stellenspezifische Eignung von 560 Bewerbern/Bewerberinnen ab, um in der Regel den Weg für eine akademische Karriere zu ebnen. In den stilistisch virtuos verfassten Schreiben geht RKM vor allem auf akademische Fähigkeiten ein, kommentiert aber auch Persönlichkeitszüge. Die hohe „Erfolgsquote“ seiner Empfehlungen ist wahrscheinlich auch auf die überzeugende Rhetorik RKMs sowie seine gute Kenntnis der Bewerber/Bewerberinnen zurückzuführen. Systematische Lebenslaufrecherchen zeigen u. a., dass im Falle von Promotionen zur vollen Professur etwa 87 Prozent und bei externen Kandidaten für ausgeschriebene Professuren etwa 43 Prozent die angestrebte akademische Position erhielten.
Glossolalie als Dichtung. Sprache und Stimme diesseits von Religion und Theologie
Authors: Guttenberger Gudrun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis contribution aims to explain the controversy about glossolalia between the members of the Corinthian church and Paul. Corinthian glossolalia will be placed in the context of ancient texts on voice and language from medicine, philosophy, grammar, rhetoric and music and – taking up Bleek’s thesis – connected with expressions called “glosses”. The glossolalia is thus placed in the realm of the use of language in poetry. Paul uses arguments from philosophical polemics against poetry and places language exclusively in the realms of justice and truth.
Bench Press Load-Velocity Profiles and Strength After Overload and Taper Microcyles in Male Powerlifters
Authors: Williams Tyler D. , Esco Michael R. , Fedewa Michael V. , Bishop Phillip A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Williams, TD, Esco, MR, Fedewa, MV, and Bishop, PA. Bench press load-velocity profiles and strength after overload and taper microcyles in male powerlifters. J Strength Cond Res 34(12): 3338–3345, 2020—The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of an overload microcycle and taper on bench press velocity and to determine if the load-velocity relationship could accurately predict 1-repetition maximum (1RM). Twelve male powerlifters participated in resistance training structured into an introduction microcycle, overload microcycle (PostOL), and taper (PostTP). At the end of each microcycle, subjects completed a bench press for 1RM assessment consisting of warm-up sets at 40, 55, 70, and 85% of a previously established 1RM. The mean concentric velocity (MCV) was recorded during each warm-up set. A predicted 1RM (p1RM) was calculated using an individualized load-velocity profile (LVP). The average MCV decreased after PostOL (0.66 ± 0.07 m·s−1) compared with baseline (BL) (p = 0.003; 0.60 ± 0.11 m·s−1) but increased after PostTP (0.67 ± 0.09 m·s−1). One-repetition maximum increased from PostOL (146.7 ± 19.8 kg) to PostTP (p = 0.002; 156.1 ± 21.0 kg), with no differences observed between other test sessions (p > 0.05). Bland-Altman analysis indicated that p1RM was consistently higher than measured 1RM (3.4–7.8 kg), and the limits of agreement were extremely wide. However, very large to near perfect correlations (r = 0.89 to 0.96) were observed between p1RM and 1RM during BL, PostOL, and PostTP. The load-velocity relationship established from submaximal sets did not accurately predict 1RM, but MCV was affected by changes in weekly training loads. Velocity-based measurements seem to be more sensitive to changes in training loads than maximal strength.
Muscle Function Tests as Supportive Outcome Measures for Performance-Based and Self-Reported Physical Function in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: Exploratory Analysis of Baseline Data From a Randomized Trial
Authors: Holm Pætur Mikal , Kemnitz Jana , Bandholm Thomas , Wernbom Mathias , Schrøder Henrik Morville , Skou Søren Thorgaard 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Holm, PM, Kemnitz, J, Bandholm, T, Wernbom, M, Schrøder, HM, and Skou, ST. Muscle function tests as supportive outcome measures for performance-based and self-reported physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis: Exploratory analysis of baseline data from a randomized trial. J Strength Cond Res 36(9): 2635–2642, 2022—Uncertainty on the role of muscle function in relation to physical function in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) persists. This study aimed to assess the associations between muscle function and performance-based and self-reported physical function in patients with KOA. Physical function in 80 subjects with symptomatic and radiographic KOA was assessed using 40-m fast-paced walk, 30-second chair stand, 9-step stair climb tests, and the subscale activities of daily living from the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS-ADL). Measurements of muscle function included leg extension (LE) power, knee extension (KE) torque, and estimated leg press one repetition maximum (LP RM). Associations were investigated using multivariable hierarchical linear regressions adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, self-reported physical activity, and thigh muscle lean area. Leg extension power was significantly associated with 40-m walk, stair climb, and 30-second chair stand, explaining 18, 8, and 3% of additional variance, respectively. Knee extension torque explained 13, 7, 17, and 7% of additional variance in the 40-m walk, stair climb, 30-second chair stand, and KOOS-ADL, respectively. Leg press one repetition maximum explained 11% of additional variance in the 30-second chair stand. In conclusion, LE power was the best explanatory variable for performance on the 40-m walk and stair climb tests, whereas KE torque best explained chair stand performance. Only KE torque was associated with KOOS-ADL. Our results highlight the importance of selecting supportive muscle function tests based on the specific physical function and suggest that other factors may be more important for certain physical function outcomes. Level of significance p < 0.05. Trial identifier: NCT03215602.
The Influence of Apparatus Stiffness on the Results of Cyclic Direct Simple Shear Tests on Dense Sand
Authors: Konstadinou M. , Bezuijen A. , Greeuw G. , Zwanenburg C. , Van Essen H. M. , Voogt L. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A series of undrained cyclic direct simple shear (CDSS) tests on dense Toyoura sand has been performed with the aim to investigate the influence of the stiffness of the DSS device on test results. To this end, springs were installed to reduce deliberately the stiffness of the apparatus. It is shown that the cyclic resistance of the sand depends strongly on the rigidity of the apparatus frame. In particular, as the stiffness of the DSS device increases, the number of loading cycles required to reach liquefaction decreases. This pronounced apparatus–stiffness dependence is of great practical concern in geotechnical engineering because it directly implies that the CDSS response of a soil sample can be predominantly controlled by the stiffness of the apparatus and not by the soil behavior alone. In addition, the test results indicate that the effect of equipment compliance in cyclic undrained DSS testing can be minimized when the ratio of the stiffness of the tested sand sample to the stiffness of the apparatus has a significantly low value.
Procedimientos estadísticos utilizados en las tesis de maestría en Agricultura Tropical Universidad de Oriente Periodo 1998-2016
Authors: Romero Marcano Guillermo , Silva Acuña Ramón , Barrios Maestre Renny 
Published: October 2020

Con el objetivo de estudiar los procedimientos estadísticos utilizados en el postgrado en Agricultura Tropical (PAT) de la Universidad de Oriente, periodo 1998-2016, se analizó el manejo estadístico aplicado en los 53 trabajos de maestría presentados, identificando variables relacionadas con el diseño experimental, arreglo de tratamientos, número de repeticiones, características de la unidad experimental, tipos de variables y escalas utilizadas, tipo de análisis estadísticos, verificación de supuestos requeridos por las pruebas e interpretación de interacciones, entre otros.La información fue sistematizada en una base de datos y analizada a través de estadística descriptiva, prueba binomial y análisis de correlación, según la variable analizada. Se determinó que el uso de técnicas estadísticas difiere entre las menciones del PAT. La tendencia es hacia el desarrollo de experimentos críticos con empleo de diseños experimentales y arreglos de tratamientos robustos. Más de 60 por ciento de los experimentos emplean menos de cuatro repeticiones y hay deficiencias en la descripción de las unidades experimentales. Los supuestos del ANAVA no son verificados y hubo deficiencias en la interpretación de interacciones significativas. Las pruebas de comparación de promedios más frecuentes fueron Duncan y Mínima Diferencia Significativa (42,42 y 30,30 por ciento, respectivamente), las cuales inducen error tipo I.
Aplicación de cópulas para modelar la pérdida total en una cartera de seguros vehiculares
Authors: Bianco María José , Feo Yennyfer , Barreda Frank Lucas 
Published: October 2020

El objetivo del presente trabajo se centra en analizar la problemática asociada con el estudio de las dos variables que influyen en la determinación de la pérdida técnica para el negocio asegurador. En este sentido, son puestas a prueba dos metodologías para el cálculo de los siniestros totales esperados en una cartera de seguros de autos en Brasil. En primera instancia, se consideró un modelo estadístico univariado denominado tradicional, del cual se encontró que la distribución Log-Normal fue la de mejor ajuste. Como segunda metodología, fue calibrado un modelo de cópula que permite incorporar distintos tipos y grados de asociación estocástica para las variables frecuencia y severidad. Los resultados mostraron que estas presentan comportamientos extremos, con una correlación de Kendall negativa y baja (-0.24), pero que rechazan la hipótesis de independencia al 5 % de confianza. Con este marco, la cópula de Clayton rotada 270 grados, con marginales Exp-Poisson y Log-Normal para la frecuencia y severidad respectivamente, presentó las mejores estimaciones de pérdida llegando a una diferencia de 12 % con la pérdida promedio empírica de la base. Para finalizar, se detectó que asumir independencia entre severidad y frecuencia para este caso de estudio, llevaría a sobrestimaciones significativas de la pérdida esperada.