bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Degeneration alters structure‐function relationships at multiple length‐scales and across interfaces in human intervertebral discs
Authors: Ashinsky Beth G. , Gullbrand Sarah E. , Wang Chao , Bonnevie Edward D. , Han Lin , Mauck Robert L. , Smith Harvey E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and associated back pain place a significant burden on the population. IVD degeneration is a progressive cascade of cellular, compositional, and structural changes, which results in a loss of disc height, disorganization of extracellular matrix architecture, tears in the annulus fibrosus which may involve herniation of the nucleus pulposus, and remodeling of the bony and cartilaginous endplates (CEP). These changes to the IVD often occur concomitantly, across the entire motion segment from the disc subcomponents to the CEP and vertebral bone, making it difficult to determine the causal initiating factor of degeneration. Furthermore, assessments of the subcomponents of the IVD have been largely qualitative, with most studies focusing on a single attribute, rather than multiple adjacent IVD substructures. The objective of this study was to perform a multiscale and multimodal analysis of human lumbar motion segments across various length scales and degrees of degeneration. We performed multiple assays on every sample and identified several correlations between structural and functional measurements of disc subcomponents. Our results demonstrate that with increasing Pfirrmann grade there is a reduction in disc height and nucleus pulposus T2 relaxation time, in addition to alterations in motion segment macromechanical function, disc matrix composition and cellular morphology. At the cartilage endplate‐vertebral bone interface, substantial remodeling was observed coinciding with alterations in micromechanical properties. Finally, we report significant relationships between vertebral bone and nucleus pulposus metrics, as well as between micromechanical properties of the endplate and whole motion segment biomechanical parameters, indicating the importance of studying IVD degeneration as a whole organ.
Fractional ablative carbon dioxide laser treatment of facial scars: Improvement of patients' quality of life, scar quality, and cosmesis
Authors: Meynköhn Anna , Fischer Sebastian , Neuss Clara , Willkomm Lina Marie , Kneser Ulrich , Kotsougiani‐Fischer Dimitra 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundDisfiguring facial scars can be a massive burden on patients' psychosocial health and severely impact patients' self‐esteem.AimsThe aim of this study was to analyze whether ablative fractional carbon dioxide laser (CO2‐AFL) treatment can positively influence facial scarring and quality of life (QoL) while improving the aesthetic appearance.Patientes/MethodsPatients with facial scars who had received CO2‐AFL treatment between May 2019 and May 2020 were included in a retrospective study. The post‐interventional course and patient and/or observer reported outcomes were inquired before and three months after treatment. Primary outcomes were changes in the Patient and Observer Scar Scale (POSAS) and QoL (Short Form (SF) 36). In addition, two independent examiners evaluated the aesthetic outcome by comparing initial scarring with the post‐intervention results using photographs.ResultsA total of 16 patients with facial scars were included. Most of the scars were caused by burns (43.8%) or trauma (31.3%). The post‐interventional course was uneventful. Overall POSAS scores improved decisively for both observers (n=2) and patients (n=16) (p<0.001 and p<0.001). Also, there was an improvement in QoL with an increase in emotional well‐being (p=0.043) and social functioning (p=0.01). Furthermore, the aesthetic outcome was significantly enhanced (p=0.001) after treatment.ConclusionThe CO2‐AFL offers a safe and effective treatment for disfiguring facial scars. We have shown that improvement of scar appearance and scar quality was meaningful to the patient, with a significant impact on a patient’s life quality. Based on these findings we suggest including the CO2‐AFL in the facial scar treatment concept.
The root‐knot nematode effector MiEFF18 interacts with the plant core spliceosomal protein SmD1 required for giant cell formation
Authors: Mejias Joffrey , Bazin Jérémie , Truong Nhat‐My , Chen Yongpan , Marteu Nathalie , Bouteiller Nathalie , Sawa Shinichiro , Crespi Martin D. , Vaucheret Hervé , Abad Pierre , Favery Bruno , Quentin Michaël 
Published: November 2020

Summary

The root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita secretes specific effectors (MiEFF) and induces the redifferentiation of plant root cells into enlarged multinucleate feeding ‘giant cells’ essential for nematode development.

Immunolocalizations revealed the presence of the MiEFF18 protein in the salivary glands of M. incognita juveniles. In planta, MiEFF18 localizes to the nuclei of giant cells demonstrating its secretion during plant–nematode interactions. A yeast two‐hybrid approach identified the nuclear ribonucleoprotein SmD1 as a MiEFF18 partner in tomato and Arabidopsis. SmD1 is an essential component of the spliceosome, a complex involved in pre‐mRNA splicing and alternative splicing.

RNA‐seq analyses of Arabidopsis roots ectopically expressing MiEFF18 or partially impaired in SmD1 function (smd1b mutant) revealed the contribution of the effector and its target to alternative splicing and proteome diversity. The comparison with Arabidopsis galls data showed that MiEFF18 modifies the expression of genes important for giant cell ontogenesis, indicating that MiEFF18 modulates SmD1 functions to facilitate giant cell formation.

Finally, Arabidopsis smd1b mutants exhibited less susceptibility to M. incognita infection, and the giant cells formed on these mutants displayed developmental defects, suggesting that SmD1 plays an important role in the formation of giant cells and is required for successful nematode infection.
Why people make friends: The nature of friendship
Authors: Apostolou Menelaos , Keramari Despoina , Kagialis Antonios , Sullman Mark 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFriendship constitutes an important facet of human behavior, and the current research investigated the reasons that motivate people to make friends. First, a combination of qualitative research methods were used to identify 41 perceived reasons why people make friends. Using a sample of 1,316 Greek‐speaking participants, these reasons were classified into five broad factors. Participants indicated that the most important reasons for making friends were to receive social input, support, and because of someone else's good qualities. Sex differences and age effects were found in most factors. Finally, the five factors were classified into two broader domains, the first reflecting motivation to make a true friendship and the second to gain opportunistic benefits.
Ecological engineering in pond aquaculture: a review from the whole‐process perspective in China
Authors: Liu XingGuo , Shao Zhengyi , Cheng Guofeng , Lu Shimin , Gu Zhaojun , Zhu Hao , Shen Hongye , Wang Jie , Chen Xiaolong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPond aquaculture undeniably offers the potential for food production worldwide. In China, 45.83% of aquatic production is currently from pond aquaculture. However, with the continuous expansion of this practice, environmental problems such as a high level of water consumption, aquaculture water deterioration, pollution from effluent and aquatic product quality decline seriously restrict the sustainable development of pond aquaculture. In this review, we summarise the (i) the impacts of pond aquaculture on the environment, (ii) research progress in pond aquaculture ecological engineering, (iii) existing technologies regarding pond aquaculture ecological engineering systems, (iv) effects of applying pond aquaculture ecological engineering and (v) summary and prospects. Moreover, we discuss the merits and drawbacks of each method and technology, and future research priorities are reviewed. With this, an understanding of the role played by ecological engineering in pond aquaculture is provided, as well as guidance for precisely managing aquaculture water and effluent, aquaculture practices, and technological developments. In summary, the pond aquaculture ecological engineering can be managed so as to improve animal welfare and the stability of water treatment systems, reducing the adverse effects on the environment and public health, and enabling the sustainable development of pond aquaculture.
Development of a Potential Facility Risk Index for Radiological Security
Authors: Rane Shraddha , Harris Jason 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGiven the threat of radiological and nuclear terrorism, it is imperative to understand and evaluate the security risk of radioactive sources. In this context, risk assessment is a function of threat, vulnerability, and consequences. Currently, no broad risk index exists for radiological facilities, such as healthcare centers and universities. This study aims to develop and demonstrate a methodology to compute a potential facility risk index (PFRI) based on a probable loss event (LE) and loss magnitude (LM) resulting from a radiological dispersal device (RDD) attack. The threat component of the PFRI is devised as a utility function weighing the threat group attributes and RDD radioactive material preference. The principles of probabilistic risk assessment and pathway analysis are implemented to account for RDD radioactive material theft probabilities in different attack scenarios. Locational hazards and nuclear security culture are measured as a function of radiological facility vulnerability for LE. The LM of the attack, in the form of loss of life and economic damage, is then estimated to construct the PFRI. The methodology is applied to a hypothetical healthcare facility with a single radioactive material asset. For this example, the PFRI resulted in a value of 2.0 (on a scale of 1–10), showing low risk to the facility. The development of the PFRI provides a risk analysis tool that may be useful in making decisions for radiological security improvements.
Are Individuals Harmed by Gerrymandering? Examining Access to Congressional District Offices
Authors: Niven David , Cover Benjamin Plener , Solimine Michael 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveWe consider proximity and access to the district offices of members of Congress to explore whether gerrymandering affects individuals’ capacity to be heard and thus impairs their representation.MethodsIn a study of six states, we conduct more than 123 million distance measurements to identify residents whose closest district office is in the wrong congressional district. Based on survey results, we then estimate the likelihood that such mismatched individuals will personally visit the office of their member of Congress.ResultsWe find that in five gerrymandered states, between 28.7 and 47.5 percent of residents have a mismatched closest district office, a rate several times higher than in a non‐gerrymandered state. Extrapolating from survey results, we find that mismatched residents are 38 percent less likely to visit their own district office, and that across five states gerrymandering effectively deters nearly 600,000 office visits over a two‐year congressional session.ConclusionOf significance in both the legal and scholarly arena, we find that gerrymandering increases the prevalence of mismatched district offices, thereby impeding constituents from making in‐person visits that are widely viewed as the most effective mechanism for communicating their opinions and needs to Congress. We believe this heretofore undocumented mismatch warrants additional scholarly consideration of gerrymandering's effects on individual's access to tangible aspects of representation.
Evidence for a late glacial advance near the beginning of the Younger Dryas in western New York State: An event postdating the record for local Laurentide ice sheet recession
Authors: Young Richard A. , Gordon Lee M. , Owen Lewis A. , Huot Sebastien , Zerfas Timothy D. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Widespread evidence of an unrecognized late glacial advance across preexisting moraines in western New York is confirmed by 40 14C ages and six new optically stimulated luminescence analyses between the Genesee Valley and the Cattaraugus Creek basin of eastern Lake Erie. The Late Wisconsin chronology is relatively unconstrained by local dating of moraines between Pennsylvania and Lake Ontario. Few published 14C ages record discrete events, unlike evidence in the upper Great Lakes and New England. The new 14C ages from wood in glacial tills along Buttermilk Creek south of Springville, New York, and reevaluation of numerous 14C ages from miscellaneous investigations in the Genesee Valley document a significant glacial advance into Cattaraugus and Livingston Counties between 13,000 and 13,300 cal yr B.P., near the Greenland Interstadial 1b (GI-1b) cooling leading into the transition from the Bölling-Alleröd to the Younger Dryas. The chronology from four widely distributed sites indicates that a Late Wisconsin advance spread till discontinuously over the surface, without significantly modifying the preexisting glacial topography. A short-lived advance by a partially grounded ice shelf best explains the evidence. The advance, ending 43 km south of Rochester and a similar distance south of Buffalo, overlaps the revised chronology for glacial Lake Iroquois, now considered to extend from ca. 14,800–13,000 cal yr B.P. The spread of the radiocarbon ages is similar to the well-known Two Creeks Forest Bed, which equates the event with the Two Rivers advance in Wisconsin.
Population vitamin D supplementation in UK adults: too much of nothing?
Authors: Avenell Alison , Bolland Mark J , Grey Andrew 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTopics for DTB review articles are selected by DTB’s editorial board to provide concise overviews of medicines and other treatments to help patients get the best care. Articles include a summary of key points and a brief overview for patients. Articles may also have a series of multiple choice CME questions.
App-based guided problem-solving intervention for adolescent mental health: a pilot cohort study in Indian schools
Authors: Gonsalves Pattie P , Hodgson Eleanor Sara , Bhat Bhargav , Sharma Rhea , Jambhale Abhijeet , Michelson Daniel , Patel Vikram 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundThis paper describes the pilot evaluation of ‘POD Adventures’, a lay counsellor-guided problem-solving intervention delivered via a smartphone app in Indian secondary schools.ObjectiveTo test the feasibility and acceptability of POD Adventures for adolescents with a felt need for psychological support, and to explore the intervention’s effects on self-reported mental health symptoms, prioritised problems, stress and well-being.MethodsWe used a mixed-methods pre-post cohort design. Participants were self-referred from grades 9–12 in two coeducational government-aided secondary schools in Goa, India. The intervention was delivered in two formats, ‘mixed’ (comprising individual and small group sessions) and ‘group’ (small group sessions only).Findings248 participants enrolled in the study and 230 (92.7%) completed the intervention. Outcomes at 4 weeks showed significant improvements on all measures that were maintained at 12 weeks. Large effects were observed on problem severity scores (4 weeks, d=1.47; 12 weeks, d=1.53) while small to moderate effects were seen on mental health symptoms, stress and well-being. 22 students completed qualitative interviews about their experience of the intervention. Participants found POD Adventures easy to use, engaging and helpful in solving their problems. They were satisfied with the guidance provided by the counsellor irrespective of delivery format.ConclusionsPOD Adventures was feasible to deliver with guidance from lay counsellors in Indian schools, acceptable to participants and associated with large improvements in problem severity and mental health symptom severity.Clinical implicationsPOD Adventures has promise as an early intervention for adolescents with a felt need for psychological support in low-resource settings.
Diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care lung ultrasound in COVID-19
Authors: Haak Svenja L , Renken Iris JE , Jager L Cara , Lameijer Heleen , van der Kolk Brigitta (Britt) YM 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundA promising modality for diagnosing pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 in the emergency department (ED) is point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) of the lungs. The currently used PCR as well as chest X-ray and CT scanning have important disadvantages. The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of POCUS in patients with suspected pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 in the ED.MethodsThis prospective diagnostic accuracy study was conducted at the ED of our non-academic level 1 trauma centre (Isala, Zwolle, the Netherlands). Patients were enrolled between 14 April and 22 April 2020. Patients (aged ≥16 years) with suspected COVID-19 presenting to the ED underwent POCUS. All patients received current standard of care, including PCR (naso-oropharyngeal swab). Outcome of POCUS was compared with PCR or CT scan outcome to determine diagnostic accuracy. Diagnostic accuracy measures were calculated using 2×2 contingency tables.Results100 patients were eligible to participate in this study, data of 93 patients were analysed. 27 (29%) patients were found positive for COVID-19 by PCR or CT. POCUS had a sensitivity of 89% (95% CI 70% to 97%), specificity of 59% (95% CI 46% to 71%), negative predictive value of 93% (95% CI 79% to 98%) and positive predictive value of 47% (95% CI 33% to 61%). In a subgroup of patients without previous cardiopulmonary disease (n=37), POCUS had a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 70% to 100%), specificity of 76% (95% CI 54% to 90%), negative predictive value of 100% (95% CI 79% to 100%) and positive predictive value of 67% (95% CI 41% to 86%).ConclusionPOCUS of the lungs could serve as a valuable, radiation-free tool for excluding pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 in patients in the ED at the point of assessment, especially in patients without previous cardiopulmonary disease.Trial registrationDutch Trial Register, No: NTR8544.
Cumulative impact of high job demands, low job control and high job insecurity on midlife depression and anxiety: a prospective cohort study of Australian employees
Authors: Too Lay San , Leach Liana , Butterworth Peter 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThere is a lack of evidence concerning the prospective effect of cumulative exposure to psychosocial job stressors over time on mental ill-health. This study aimed to assess whether cumulative exposure to poor quality jobs places employees at risk of future common mental disorder.MethodsData were from the Personality and Total Health Through Life project (n=1279, age 40–46 at baseline). Data reported on the cumulative exposure to multiple indicators of poor psychosocial job quality over time (ie, a combination of low control, high demands and high insecurity) and future common mental disorder (ie, depressive and/or anxiety symptom scores above a validated threshold) 12 years later. Data were analysed using logistic regression models and controlled for potential confounders across the lifespan.ResultsCumulative exposure to poor-quality work (particularly more secure work) on multiple occasions elevated the risk of subsequent common mental disorder, independent of social, health, verbal intelligence and personality trait confounders (OR=1.30, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.59).ConclusionsOur findings show that cumulative exposure to poor psychosocial job quality over time independently predicts future common mental disorder—supporting the need for workplace interventions to prevent repeated exposure of poor quality work.
Incidence and duration of incident oropharyngeal gonorrhoea and chlamydia infections among men who have sex with men: prospective cohort study
Authors: Chow Eric P F , Vodstrcil Lenka A , Williamson Deborah A , Maddaford Kate , Hocking Jane S , Ashcroft Melinda , De Petra Vesna , Bradshaw Catriona S , Fairley Christopher K 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesThis prospective cohort study aimed to determine the natural history and incidence of oropharyngeal gonorrhoea and chlamydia among a cohort of men who have sex with men (MSM) over a 12-week period, and to examine risk factors associated with incident oropharyngeal infections.MethodsMSM either aged ≥18 years and had a diagnosis of oropharyngeal gonorrhoea by nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) in the past 3 months or aged 18–35 years who were HIV-negative taking pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) were eligible for this study. Enrolled men were followed up for 12 weeks. Oropharyngeal swabs were collected at week 0 (baseline) and week 12 (end of study). Between these time points, weekly saliva specimens and the number of tongue kissing, penile–oral and insertive rimming partners were collected by post. Oropharyngeal swabs and saliva specimens were tested by NAAT forNeisseria gonorrhoeaeandChlamydia trachomatis. Poisson regression was performed to examine the risk factors (weekly number of partners) associated with incident oropharyngeal gonorrhoea.ResultsA total of 100 MSM were recruited. The incidence of oropharyngeal gonorrhoea and chlamydia was 62 (95% CI 37 to 105) and 9 (95% CI 2 to 35)/100 person-years, respectively. The median duration of incident oropharyngeal infection with gonorrhoea was 28 days (IQR=21–36, n=7). The incidence rate ratio (IRR) for oropharyngeal gonorrhoea increased with an increased number of kissing partners (IRR=1.08; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.12) an increased number of penile-oral sex partners (IRR=1.07, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.14) but not with an increased number of insertive rimming partners (IRR=1.11, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.29) or other demographic factors. The IRR and duration of incident oropharyngeal chlamydia were not calculated due to the small number of cases (n=2).ConclusionsMSM have a high incidence of oropharyngeal gonorrhoea and the median duration of infection was less than 3 months.
Holographic Lifshitz superconductors with Weyl correction
Authors: Lu Jun-Wang , Wu Ya-Bo , Dong Bao-Ping , Zhang Yu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAt the probe approximation, we construct a holographic p-wave conductor/superconductor model in the five-dimensional Lifshitz black hole with the Weyl correction via both numerical and analytical methods, and study the effects of the Lifshitz parameter z as well as the Weyl parameter $$\gamma $$
γ
on the superconductor model. As we take into account one of the two corrections separately, the increasing z ($$\gamma $$
γ
) inhibits(enhances) the superconductor phase transition. When the two corrections are considered comprehensively, they display the obviously competitive effects on both the critical temperature and the vector condensate. In particular, the promoting effects of the Weyl parameter $$\gamma $$
γ
on the critical temperature are obviously suppressed by the increasing Lifshitz parameter. Meanwhile, in the case of $$z<2.35$$

z
<
2.35

($$z>2.35$$

z
>
2.35

), the condensate at lower temperature decreases(increases) with the increasing Weyl parameter $$\gamma $$
γ
. What is more, the difference among the condensate with the fixed Weyl parameter($$\gamma =-\frac{6}{100},0,\frac{4}{100}$$

γ
=
-

6
100

,
0
,

4
100

) decreases(increases) with the increasing Lifshitz parameter z in the region $$z<2.35$$

z
<
2.35

($$z>2.35$$

z
>
2.35

). Furthermore, the increasing z obviously suppresses the real part of conductivity for all value of the Weyl parameter $$\gamma $$
γ
. In addition, the analytical results agree well with the ones from the numerical method.