bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Achieving presence in film and psychotherapy
Authors: Johnson David R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFilm‐makers have had to learn how to manipulate static images in both time and space to create an illusion of presence for their audiences. Film editors have discovered the importance of shot length in keeping audiences' attention and evoking various emotions of suspense, confusion, and excitement. Cinematographers shape the experience of witnessing through subjective and objective camera angles, positioning the audience in empty space or inside a character. For psychotherapists who attempt to “be present” for their clients, without the tools of the film editor or cinematographer, achieving presence can be quite an undertaking. Psychotherapists continuously mark their presence with “mm‐hmms” or nods, and they depart the moment to think about and prepare what they will say, without appearing as if they have done so. Unlike film, which stabilizes the relationship between subject and object, psychotherapy embraces the unstable dance of the interpersonal encounter. Nevertheless, in the end, a good film and a good psychotherapy session are able to overcome the barriers to presence and bring us together in a colocated state of consciousness.
Gram staining of gallbladder bile samples is useful for predicting surgical site infection in acute cholecystitis patients undergoing an early cholecystectomy
Authors: Nishida Yasunori , Otagiri Noriaki , Yoshifuku Seijiro , Misawa Kenji , Ko Kenju , Sasahara Kotaro , Mishima Osamu , Tauchi Katsunori 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundMicrobiological assessment of gallbladder bile is important for postoperative management in cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis (AC). Gram staining is used as the first step in the assessment, in order to preliminarily detect bacteria in the bile sample. This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical significance of Gram staining results in the development of postoperative surgical site infection (SSI) in AC patients.MethodsA total of 428 AC patients, who underwent an early cholecystectomy with microbiological assessment of gallbladder bile, were enrolled in this retrospective study. The clinical usefulness of the Gram staining results was evaluated by univariate and multivariate regression analyses.ResultsOf the 428 patients, 298 patients (69.6%) were diagnosed with bile infection by the Gram staining method. The rate of SSI was higher in patients with bile infection (9.7%) than in those without the infection (0.8%). The multivariate analysis indicated that the bile infection diagnosed by Gram staining (odds ratio: 9.091; P = .033) was an independent factor to predict SSI development, along with open surgery.ConclusionsGram staining diagnosis of bile infection in an early cholecystectomy for AC is useful for predicting postoperative SSI development, which should benefit postoperative management.
Optimization of a rat lumbar IVD degeneration model for low back pain
Authors: Glaeser Juliane D. , Tawackoli Wafa , Ju Derek G. , Yang Jae H. , Kanim Linda EA , Salehi Khosrowdad , Yu Victoria , Saidara Evan , Vit Jean‐Phillipe , Khnkoyan Zhanna , NaPier Zachary , Stone Laura S. , Bae Hyun W. , Sheyn Dmitriy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionIntervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is often associated with low back pain and radiating leg pain. The purpose of this study is to develop a reproducible and standardized preclinical model of painful lumbar IVD degeneration by evaluation of structural and behavioral changes in response to IVD injury with increasing needle sizes. This model can be used to develop new therapies for IVD degeneration.MethodsForty‐five female Sprague Dawley rats underwent anterior lumbar disc needle puncture at levels L4‐5 and L5‐6 under fluoroscopic guidance. Animals were randomly assigned to four different experimental groups: needle sizes of 18 Gauge (G), 21G, 23G, and sham control. To monitor the progression of IVD degeneration and pain, the following methods were employed: μMRI, qRT‐PCR, histology, and biobehavioral analysis.ResultsT1‐ and T2‐weighted μMRI analysis showed a correlation between the degree of IVD degeneration and needle diameter, with the most severe degeneration in the 18G group. mRNA expression of markers for IVD degeneration markers were dysregulated in the 18G and 21G groups, while pro‐nociceptive markers were increased in the 18G group only. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and Alcian Blue/Picrosirius Red staining confirmed the most pronounced IVD degeneration in the 18G group. Randall‐Selitto and von Frey tests showed increased hindpaw sensitivity in the 18G group.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that anterior disc injury with an 18G needle creates severe IVD degeneration and mechanical hypersensitivity, while the 21G needle results in moderate degeneration with no increased pain sensitivity. Therefore, needle sizes should be selected depending on the desired phenotype for the pre‐clinical model.
A 2‐Phase Merge Filter Approach to Computer‐Aided Detection of Breast Tumors on 3‐Dimensional Ultrasound Imaging
Authors: Chiu Ling‐Ying , Kuo Wen‐Hung , Chen Chiung‐Nien , Chang King‐Jen , Chen Argon 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesThe role of image analysis in 3‐dimensional (3D) automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) images is increasingly important because of its widespread use as a screening tool in whole‐breast examinations. However, reviewing a large number of images acquired from ABUS is time‐consuming and sometimes error prone. The aim of this study, therefore, was to develop an efficient computer‐aided detection (CADe) algorithm to assist the review process.MethodsThe proposed CADe algorithm consisted of 4 major steps. First, initial tumor candidates were formed by extracting and merging hypoechoic square cells on 2‐dimensional (2D) transverse images. Second, a feature‐based classifier was then constructed using 2D features to filter out nontumor candidates. Third, the remaining 2D candidates were merged longitudinally into 3D masses. Finally, a 3D feature‐based classifier was used to further filter out nontumor masses to obtain the final detected masses. The proposed method was validated with 176 passes of breast images acquired by an Acuson S2000 automated breast volume scanner (Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Malvern, PA), including 44 normal passes and 132 abnormal passes containing 162 proven lesions (79 benign and 83 malignant).ResultsThe proposed CADe system could achieve overall sensitivity of 100% and 90% with 6.71 and 5.14 false‐positives (FPs) per pass, respectively. Our results also showed that the average number of FPs per normal pass (7.16) was more than the number of FPs per abnormal pass (6.56) at 100% sensitivity.ConclusionsThe proposed CADe system has a great potential for becoming a good companion tool with ABUS imaging by ensuring high sensitivity with a relatively small number of FPs.
Response of Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE)‐Choroid Explants to Thermal Stimulation Therapy of the RPE (TSR)
Authors: Richert Elisabeth , Papenkort Julia , Klettner Alexa , Tode Jan , Koinzer Stefan , Brinkmann Ralf , Fink Christine , Roeder Thomas , Lucius Ralph , Roider Johann 
Published: June 2020

Background and ObjectivesThe thermal stimulation therapy of the retinal pigment epithelium (TSR) is a sublethal laser technique for thermal stimulation of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)‐Bruch's membrane (BrM)‐complex. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of TSR on the release of age‐related macular degeneration (AMD)‐relevant cell mediators.Study Design/Materials and MethodsPorcine RPE‐BrM‐choroid explants were irradiated with a 532 nm continuous wave laser using different spot sizes (100–300 µm, duration 100 milliseconds, 15–100 mW). Cell death was investigated by calcein staining. Explants were treated with grids of sublethal spots and cultivated in modified Ussing chambers. The effect on matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) and ‐9 was investigated by zymography and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF), and transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) was analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and expression of HSP70 was examined by western blot. Integrity of the RPE/BrM‐complex was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy.ResultsLaser powers of 15 mW (100 µm) and 45 mW (300 µm) did not induce RPE cell death. The integrity of the RPE/BrM‐complex was not impaired after TSR. After TSR with 300 µm spot size, we observed a significant increase of active MMP‐2 in the basal compartments. The content of PEDF significantly increased in treated explants in both compartments with 100 and 300 µm spot sizes. VEGF and TGF‐β secretion was not triggered by TSR.ConclusionsTSR represents a possible RPE stimulating treatment for dry AMD. TSR increases the basal release of active MMP‐2, which might reverse age‐related thickening of BrM. VEGF secretion was not triggered by TSR while anti‐angiogenic PEDF was increased, indicating an induction of an anti‐angiogenic and neuroprotective environment. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
A High Cell‐Bearing Capacity Multibore Hollow Fiber Device for Macroencapsulation of Islets of Langerhans
Authors: Skrzypek Katarzyna , Groot Nibbelink Milou , Liefers‐Visser Jolanda , Smink Alexandra M. , Stoimenou Eleftheria , Engelse Marten A. , de Koning Eelco J. P. , Karperien Marcel , de Vos Paul , van Apeldoorn Aart , Stamatialis Dimitrios 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMacroencapsulation of islets of Langerhans is a promising strategy for transplantation of insulin‐producing cells in the absence of immunosuppression to treat type 1 diabetes. Hollow fiber membranes are of interest there because they offer a large surface‐to‐volume ratio and can potentially be retrieved or refilled. However, current available fibers have limitations in exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and delivery of insulin potentially impacting graft survival. Here, multibore hollow fibers for islets encapsulation are designed and tested. They consist of seven bores and are prepared using nondegradable polymers with high mechanical stability and low cell adhesion properties. Human islets encapsulated there have a glucose induced insulin response (GIIS) similar to nonencapsulated islets. During 7 d of cell culture in vitro, the GIIS increases with graded doses of islets demonstrating the suitability of the microenvironment for islet survival. Moreover, first implantation studies in mice demonstrate device material biocompatibility with minimal tissue responses. Besides, formation of new blood vessels close to the implanted device is observed, an important requirement for maintaining islet viability and fast exchange of glucose and insulin. The results indicate that the developed fibers have high islet bearing capacity and can potentially be applied for a clinically applicable bioartificial pancreas.
Aqueous RAFT Synthesis of Low Molecular Weight Anionic Polymers for Determination of Structure/Binding Interactions with Gliadin
Authors: Bristol Ashleigh N. , Carpenter Brooke P. , Davis Ashley N. , Kemp Lisa K. , Rangachari Vijayaraghavan , Karim Shahid , Morgan Sarah E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGliadin, a component of gluten and a known epitope, is implicated in celiac disease (CeD) and results in an inflammatory response in CeD patients when consumed. Acrylamide‐based polyelectrolytes are employed as models to determine the effect of molecular weight and pendent group on non‐covalent interaction modes with gliadin in vitro. Poly(sodium 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonate) and poly(sodium 3‐methylpropyl‐3‐butanoate) are synthesized via aqueous reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (aRAFT) polymerization and characterized by gel permeation chromatography‐multiangle laser light scattering. The polymer/gliadin blends are examined via circular dichroism, zeta potential measurements, 8‐anilinonaphthalene‐1‐sulfonic acid fluorescence spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering. Acrylamide polymers containing strong anionic pendent groups have a profound effect on gliadin secondary structure and solution behavior below the isoelectric point, while polymers containing hydrophobic character only have a minor impact. The polymers have little effect on gliadin secondary structure and solution behavior at the isoelectric point.
Tailoring the Self‐Healing Properties of Conducting Polymer Films
Authors: Li Yang , Zhang Shiming , Hamad Natalie , Kim Kyoungoh , Liu Leslie , Lerond Michael , Cicoira Fabio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe conducting polymer polyethylenedioxythiophene doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) has received great attention in the field of wearable bioelectronics due to its tunable high electrical conductivity, air stability, ease of processability, biocompatibility, and recently discovered self‐healing ability. It has been observed that blending additives with PEDOT:PSS or post‐treatment permits the tailoring of intrinsic polymer properties, though their effects on the water‐enabled self‐healing property have not previously been established. Here, it is demonstrated that the water‐enabled healing behavior of conducting polymers is decreased by crosslinkers or by acid post‐treatment. Organic dopants of PEDOT have high water swelling ratios and lead to water‐enabled healing, while inorganic dopants fail in the healing of PEDOT. The water‐enabled healing of two isolated PEDOT:PSS squares with a 5 µm width gap and a thickness less than 1 µm is shown. This work will help pave the way for the further development of conducting polymer‐based self‐healable bioelectronics and flexible and stretchable electronics.
Singly generated quasivarieties and residuated structures
Authors: Moraschini Tommaso , Raftery James G. , Wannenburg Johann J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA quasivariety of algebras has the joint embedding property (JEP) if and only if it is generated by a single algebra A. It is structurally complete if and only if the free ℵ0‐generated algebra in can serve as A. A consequence of this demand, called ‘passive structural completeness’ (PSC), is that the nontrivial members of all satisfy the same existential positive sentences. We prove that if is PSC then it still has the JEP, and if it has the JEP and its nontrivial members lack trivial subalgebras, then its relatively simple members all belong to the universal class generated by one of them. Under these conditions, if is relatively semisimple then it is generated by one ‐simple algebra. We also prove that a quasivariety of finite type, with a finite nontrivial member, is PSC if and only if its nontrivial members have a common retract. The theory is then applied to the variety of De Morgan monoids, where we isolate the sub(quasi)varieties that are PSC and those that have the JEP, while throwing fresh light on those that are structurally complete. The results illuminate the extension lattices of intuitionistic and relevance logics.
Multiple Hydrogen Bonds–Reinforced Hydrogels with High Strength, Shape Memory, and Adsorption Anti‐Inflammatory Molecules
Authors: Li Xuefeng , Peng Xueyin , Li Rongzhe , Zhang Yikun , Liu Zuifang , Huang Yiwan , Long Shijun , Li Haiyan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe research on multiple hydrogen bonds (H‐bonds) hydrogels have gradually aroused wide interest. In this paper, a multiple H‐bonds‐reinforced poly(acrylamide‐co‐2‐vinyl‐4,6‐diamino‐2‐vinyl‐1,3,5‐triazine)/tannic acid (P(Am‐co‐VDT)/TA) hydrogels are prepared. The results suggest that the prepared hydrogel has two types of H‐bonds crosslinking regions: A “soft” region of H‐bonds between the diaminotriazine (DAT) moieties on the polymer chains and the TA pyrogallol/catechol groups, and a “hard” region of H‐bonds forming by DAT moieties with itself. The hard crosslinking region exhibits significantly higher activation energy than the soft region. Such soft and hard dual physically crosslinked networks dramatically enhance the mechanical properties of P(Am‐co‐VDT)/TA hydrogels in a synergistic manner (tensile strength is 2.34 MPa, elongation at break is 410%). Due to the multiple hydrogen bonds, the hydrogel has good pH sensitivity and rapid response to shape memory within a few minutes. In addition, the hydrogels have the capacity of physical adsorption of the anti‐inflammatory drug diclofenac sodium and other molecules with a specific spatially arranged chemical composition. These hydrogels with high mechanical strength, excellent shape memory behavior, and capacity of adsorption of anti‐inflammatory drug could be attractive candidates for applications in the fields of biomedicine, tissue engineering, and medical materials.
Stability of Anthocyanins Encapsulated from Purple Sweet Potato Extract Affected by Maltodextrin Concentration
Authors: Arisanti Cokorda Istri Sri , Sukawati Cokorda B. Arys Cahaya , Prasetia I Gusti Ngurah Jemmy Anton , Wirasuta I Made Agus Gelgel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMicroencapsulation is a method for protecting anthocyanin from degradation and external environment. This study aims to characterize microcapsules prepared from purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) extract. In this research, the effect of maltodextrin (MD, DE 10–15) concentration as a wall material on the physicochemical properties of microwave‐assisted, encapsulated purple sweet potato extract (PSPE) is investigated. Organoleptic, moisture content, particle size, particle size distribution, encapsulation efficiency, and total anthocyanin content (TAC) are evaluated for microcapsules. The stability of the microencapsulated product is determined on different pH (3, 5, and 7) and temperature (35, 75, and 115 °C) for 21 and 5 days. The result shows that moisture content, particle size, TAC, and encapsulation efficiency of the microcapsules are significantly increased (p < 0.01) as the MD concentration increases. Microcapsules produced with highest maltodextrin concentration exhibits higher stability on the pH 7 at 115 °C than others. Maltodextrin DE 10–15, in high concentration increases the stability of anthocyanin from PSPE.
Characterization of Migration Rate and Biodegradability of Cassava Starch‐Based Biofoam Modified with Alkyl Ketene Dimer
Authors: Wahyuningsih Kendri , Iriani Evi Savitri , Yuanita Evana 
Published: June 2020

AbstractModification of starch‐based foam packaging using chemicals as additives or sizing agent may cause the chemical compounds to migrate and affect the biodegradability. This study aims to determine the characteristics of migration and biodegradability of cassava starch‐based biofoam modified with alkyl ketene dimer (AKD). Thermopressing techniques from mixtured cassava starch with oil palm empty fruit bunches pulp, polyvinyl alcohol, magnesium stearate, water, and AKD as the sizing agent are used in the method of making biofoam. From the result of experiment it is found that cassava starch‐based biofoam has a migration rate far higher than the permitted threshold for food packaging materials. That is because the properties of cassava starch‐based biofoam cannot be approached by those of polystyrene‐based packaging. Therefore, further research is needed to determine the type of simulants suitable for migration testing of cassava starch‐based biofoam. However, biofoam is safe from heavy metals and is biodegradable after 21 days so that it can be used as an alternative for packaging food with low water content (dry foods).
Biodegradable Microcapsules from D,L–PLA/PCL as Controlled Nifedipine Drug Delivery Carrier
Authors: Astuti Suci Hepy , Rahma Wanda Amelia , Budianto Emil 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, microcapsules are prepared as a controlled drug Nifedipine delivery carrier. Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker, it is widely used in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. The microcapsules are prepared using o/w emulsification method. The core materials of microcapsules are polyblend of D,L‐poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) (PCL) using Span 80 and Tween 80 as an emulsifier. D,L‐PLA, and PCL are dissolved into dichloromethane then emulsified and dispersed into water to form microcapsules. The sizes, uniformity of microcapsules, and the ability to encapsulate the drug are influenced by the composition of D,L‐PLA, and PCL. This study observes the appearance, ability to encapsulate the drug, and the dissolution at the various compositions ratio of D,L‐PLA:PCL. The blend of D,L‐PLA, and PCL is only formed through physical interaction between them. The surface texture of microcapsules is observed by optical microscope. It obtains that the composition of D,L‐PLA (80):PCL (20) shows the best ability to encapsulate the drug with evidently obtaining the highest encapsulation efficiency by 86.58%. The best microcapsule dissolution test results in drug release of 24.01% within 55 h.
Addition of Hybrid Coupling Agent Based Natural Rubber‐Starch on Natural Rubber Composite
Authors: Roziafanto Achmad Nandang , Puspitasari Sinta , Cifriadi Adi , Hasnasoraya Dinda , Chalid Mochamad 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNatural rubber blended with biomass fibers as a filler is one of promising methods to produce high‐quality car tire that require good thermal resistance and low noise level caused by the frictional forces between the tire and road. Biomass fibers have suitable acoustic properties, good tensile strength, and also density regarding its chain molecule structure and porous structure. The major biomass byproduct from the palm oil industry in Indonesia is empty fruit bunches (EFBs). Because of the different polarity of natural rubber and EFBs, coupling agent has to be added for producing composite with good miscibility and desired mechanical properties. In this study the hybrid coupling agent based natural rubber‐starch prepared with glow discharge electrolysis plasma method is added to the natural rubber/EFBs fibers composite. The ratio of EFBs fibers to the composite is varied to 5, 10, and 15 phr, while the coupling agent is added at fixed 1 phr. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mechanical testing are used for the composite characterization. The mechanical tests showed that the addition of coupling agents provides greater tensile strength compared to composites without the addition of coupling agent. These results are supported by morphology analyses using SEM, showing the good interaction on the surface between the EFBs fibers and the natural rubber matrix with addition of the coupling agent.
Preliminary Study of Modified Lignin Compatibility in Polypropylene‐Modified Bitumen
Authors: Roziafanto Achmad Nandang , Alfarisi F. H. , Ramadhan T. H. , Chalid Mochamad 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLignin is an amorphous biopolymer that has both polar and nonpolar characteristics which has been proven able to chemically bond bitumen and polypropylene. However, the presence of polar bond in lignin is more dominant than the nonpolar one making it less effective to bond polypropylene. Thus, lignin is modified to reduce its polar hydroxyl group by synthetizing it with prepolyurethane otherwise known as polyurethanization. This modified lignin compatibility to bond bitumen and polypropylene is then studied and compared with lignin, such is the true purpose of this research. Experiment is done through several stages ranging from sample preparation, mixing, and characterization. Hot melt mixing method is used to mix bitumen, polypropylene, and modified lignin with mass ratio of 19:1 for bitumen and polypropylene, which are mixed in 80 rpm. Mixing is done at the temperature of 180 °C for 30 min with 0.3% total weight addition of modified lignin. Characterizations are done using FT‐IR and FESEM. Result shows that modified lignin has better compatibility compared to pure lignin.