bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamical Downscaling for Southeast Alaska: Historical Climate and Future Projections
Authors: Lader Rick , Bidlack Allison , Walsh John E. , Bhatt Uma S. , Bieniek Peter A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWarming temperatures across southeast Alaska are affecting the region’s energy and transportation sectors, marine ecosystems, and forest health. More frequent above-freezing temperatures lead a transition from snow- to rain-dominant precipitation regimes, accelerating glacial mass balance loss and a leading to a greater risk for warm-season drought. Southeast Alaska has steep topographical gradients, which necessitate the use of downscaled climate information to study historical and projected periods. This study used regional dynamical downscaling at 4-km spatial resolution with the Weather Research and Forecasting Model to assess historical (1981–2010) and projected (2031–60) climate states for southeast Alaska. These simulations were driven by one reanalysis (i.e., the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis) and two climate models (i.e., the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Climate Model, version 3, and the NCAR Community Climate System Model, version 4), which each included a historical simulation and a projected simulation. The future simulations used the representative concentration pathway 8.5 emissions scenario. Bias-corrected projections (2031–60 minus 1981–2010) indicated seasonal warming of 1°–3°C, increased precipitation during autumn (4%–12%) and winter (7%–12%), and decreased snowfall in all seasons (up to 60% in autumn). The average number of days annually with a minimum temperature below freezing dropped by more than 30. The average annual maximum consecutive 3-day precipitation amounts increased by 11%–16%, but analogous extreme snowfall amounts dropped by 5%–11%. The most substantial snow losses occurred at low-elevation and coastal locations; at many high elevations (e.g., above 1000 m), extreme snowfall amounts increased.
Representation of the Equatorial Undercurrent in CMIP5 Models
Authors: Kuntz Lauren B. , Schrag Daniel P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) is a vital component of tropical Pacific circulation, helping to modulate the state of the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Here we compare the representation of the EUC in models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) with observations of the undercurrent. We find that the CMIP5 models consistently underestimate both the magnitude and variability of the EUC. Insufficient resolution as well as diffusivity parameterizations both contribute to a representation of the EUC that is too weak and too diffuse. Given the strong influence of the EUC on the evolution of tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures, model deficiencies in the EUC contribute to shortcomings in capturing ENSO dynamics and Pacific decadal variability. Further evaluation of the impact of EUC simulation on the climatology and variability in the tropical Pacific is necessary.
Impact of adjuvant therapeutic surgery on the health-related quality of life of pulmonary tuberculosis patients
Authors: Benito Pau , Vashakidze Sergo , Gogishvili Shota , Nikolaishvili Keti , Despuig Albert , Tukvadze Nestan , Shubladze Natalia , Avaliani Zaza , Vilaplana Cristina 
Published: August 2020

This study aimed to determine the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and to assess its change after a therapeutic surgical procedure. In this scenario, the purpose was to elucidate and quantify the effect of various demographic, epidemiological, clinical, surgical and psychosocial details on this variable.A prospective cohort of 40 patients undergoing therapeutic surgery for pulmonary TB (Study of Human Tuberculosis Lesions (SH-TBL) cohort) was recruited in Tbilisi, Georgia, between 2016 and 2018. HRQoL was assessed by administering the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and a novel psychosocial questionnaire, the BCN-Q, both at baseline and at 6 months post-surgery.A statistically and clinically significant improvement in the SGRQ total score was observed at follow-up, although it did not reach the values found for the healthy population. The differences between time points were statistically significant for the following groups: women, age <40 years, body mass index ≥20 kg·m−2, nonsmokers, drug-susceptible and drug-resistant participants, both new and relapsed patients, early culture negativisation, cases with a single lesion, either lesions <35 mm or ≥35 mm, and lesion, lobe and lung resections.The analysis of BCN-Q together with the SGRQ showed that several of its items, such as marital status, living conditions, nutrition, employment, external support, certain attitudes towards the healthcare system, emotional burden and sleep troubles, can impact HRQoL.These results highlight the benefit of adjuvant therapeutic surgery for pulmonary TB in selected patients in terms of HRQoL and suggest that a comprehensive approach including demographic, epidemiological, clinical and psychosocial variables may more accurately predict TB evolution and prognosis.
Combined Prediction for Vehicle Speed with Fixed Route
Authors: Zhang Lipeng , Liu Wei , Qi Bingnan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAchieving accurate speed prediction provides the most critical support parameter for high-level energy management of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. Nowadays, people often drive a vehicle on fixed routes in their daily travels and accurate speed predictions of these routes are possible with random prediction and machine learning, but the prediction accuracy still needs to be improved. The prediction accuracy of traditional prediction algorithms is difficult to further improve after reaching a certain accuracy; problems, such as over fitting, occur in the process of improving prediction accuracy. The combined prediction model proposed in this paper can abandon the transitional dependence on a single prediction. By combining the two prediction algorithms, the fusion of prediction performance is achieved, the limit of the single prediction performance is crossed, and the goal of improving vehicle speed prediction performance is achieved. In this paper, an extraction method suitable for fixed route vehicle speed is designed. The application of Markov and back propagation (BP) neural network in predictions is introduced. Three new combined prediction methods, all named Markov and BP Neural Network (MBNN) combined prediction algorithm, are proposed, which make full use of the advantages of Markov and BP neural network algorithms. Finally, the comparison among the prediction methods has been carried out. The results show that the three MBNN models have improved by about 19%, 28%, and 29% compared with the Markov prediction model, which has better performance in the single prediction models. Overall, the MBNN combined prediction models can improve the prediction accuracy by 25.3% on average, which provides important support for the possible optimization of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle energy consumption.
The healing potential of an acutely repaired ACL: a sequential MRI study
Authors: Ferretti Andrea , Monaco Edoardo , Annibaldi Alessandro , Carrozzo Alessandro , Bruschi Mattia , Argento Giuseppe , DiFelice Gregory S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Recently, there has been renewed interest in primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair. The aim of this study is to report early clinical and radiological results of a consecutive series of acute ACL tears treated with arthroscopic primary ACL repair within 14 days from injury.

Patients and methods
A consecutive series of patients with acute ACL tears were prospectively included in the study. Based on MRI appearance, ACL tears were classified into five types, and tissue quality was graded as good, fair, and poor. Patients with type I, II, and III tears and at least 50% of ACL tibial remnant intact with good tissue quality were ultimately included. Clinical outcomes were measured using the Tegner Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale (TLKSS), the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), subjective and objective International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores, and KT-1000. Patients were also followed up with MRI evaluations at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. ACL appearance was graded based on morphology (normal or abnormal) and signal intensity (isointense, intermediate, and hyperintense).

Results
The mean TLKSS was 98.1, the mean subjective IKDC was 97.6, and the mean KOOS was 98.2. The objective IKDC score was A in eight of ten patients and B in two patients. KT-1000 measurements showed a maximum manual side-to-side difference of less than 2 mm in eight of ten patients, whereas two patients showed a difference of 3 mm. The morphology of the repaired ACL was normal (grade 1) at 1 month follow-up in ten of ten cases, and this appearance persisted at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. The signal intensity at 1 month postoperatively was graded as isointense (grade 1) in four of ten patients, intermediate (grade 2) in five of ten patients, and hyperintense (grade 3) in one of ten patients. At both 3 and 6 months postoperatively, the signal intensity was graded as isointense (grade 1) in nine of ten patients and intermediate (grade 2) in one of ten patients.

Conclusions
Arthroscopic primary ACL repair performed acutely in a carefully selected group of patients with proximal ACL tears and good tissue quality showed good early clinical and radiological results.

Level of evidence
Level 4.
A retrospective study of a novel non-umbilical laparoscopic entry port in thin patients—Jain point
Authors: Jain Nutan , Singh Shalini , Mandal Kiran Kumari , Walia Apoorva , Jain Vandana , Kalia Richa 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
To bring forth a novel non-umbilical entry port in case of thin patient.

Methods
This is a retrospective study carried out at Vardhman Trauma and Laparoscopy Centre on thin patients from 2011 to 2019. Out of 7324 patients operated between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2019 at this hospital, 398 met the criteria for thin patients (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2).

Results
A total of 398 patients who underwent laparoscopy surgery through the Jain point were classified as thin (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) patients. Infertility evaluation hystero-laparoscopy (30.40%), endometriosis (17.08%), and myomectomy (13.32%) followed by genital tuberculosis (11.5%) and ovarian tumors (4.01%) were the most common indications for surgery. None of the thin patients operated had any major vascular or bowel injury.

Conclusion
The Jain point can be an alternative non-umbilical primary entry port in thin patients especially when conventional techniques are contraindicated.
Efficacy of isoproterenol in the evaluation of dormant conduction and arrhythmogenic foci identification in atrial fibrillation ablation
Authors: Sakamoto Yusuke , Osanai Hiroyuki , Hiramatsu Shotaro , Matsumoto Hikari , Tagahara Kensuke , Hosono Hirotaka , Miyamoto Shun , Uno Hiroto , Kurokawa Hideki , Kondo Shun , Tokuda Kotaro , Kanbara Takahiro , Nakashima Yoshihito , Asano Hiroshi , Ajioka Masayoshi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) is an established therapy. However, postoperative recurrence is a serious issue caused by the reconduction of the isolated pulmonary veins (PV) and the onset of non-PV foci. The objectives of this study were to elucidate dormant conduction, confirm PV arrhythmia substrate, induce non-PV foci after PV isolation, and assess the acute efficacy of high dose isoproterenol (ISP) when administered in addition to adenosine.

Methods
The study consisted of 100 patients with drug-refractory AF (paroxysmal and persistent) who underwent ablation therapy (either radio-frequency or cryoballoon ablation) as the first-line of therapy at our hospital. All patients first underwent PV isolation (PVI) and were administered adenosine followed by ISP (6 μg × 5 min). The effects were observed, and the therapeutic strategy was evaluated.

Results
Persistent dormant conduction due to ISP administration was observed in 13 patients. In over half of the patients, arrhythmia substrates were identified in the PV. Ten patients presented with persistent PV firing. The ablation of non-PV foci was additionally performed in 23 patients.

Conclusions
We found that dormant conduction, as a result of ISP administration, is persistent and ISP is useful when performing an ablation. In addition, ISP administration is useful for the identification of PV arrhythmia substrates and induction of non-PV foci. However, the effectiveness of ISP may be partially due to the complementary effect of adenosine, and, therefore, a combination of the two drugs seems preferable.
The effect of maternal poliovirus antibodies on the immune responses of infants to poliovirus vaccines
Authors: Jia Siyue , Tang Rong , Li Guifan , Hu Yuemei , Liang Qi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Maternal poliovirus antibodies could provide passive immunity to the newborns from poliovirus infection during their first few months of life, but they may impair the immune responses of infants to the poliovirus vaccine as well. In our study, we pooled the data from three clinical trials of the inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) based on Sabin strains to investigate the effect of maternal poliovirus antibodies on the immune responses of infants to poliovirus vaccines.

Methods
There were five groups in the pooled analysis, including low-dose Sabin IPV, medium-dose Sabin IPV, high-dose Sabin IPV, control Sabin IPV, and control Salk IPV groups. We reclassified the infants in different groups according to their maternal poliovirus antibodies by two methods, the first one included maternal antibody negative (< 1:8) and maternal antibody positive (≥1:8), and the second one included maternal antibody titer < 1:8, 1:8 ~ < 1:32 and ≥ 1:32. Then, we compared the geometric mean titers (GMTs), geometric mean antibody fold increases (GMIs) and seroconversion rates of poliovirus type-specific neutralizing antibodies after vaccination among participants with different maternal poliovirus antibody levels.

Results
The GMTs and GMIs of three types of poliovirus antibodies after vaccination in maternal antibody negative participants were significantly higher than those in maternal antibody positive participants. The seroconversion rates of type II and type III poliovirus antibodies in maternal antibody positive participants were significantly lower than those in maternal antibody negative participants. Among participants with maternal antibody titer < 1:8, 1:8 ~ < 1:32 and ≥ 1:32, the GMTs and GMIs of three types of poliovirus antibodies after vaccination showed a tendency to decline with the increasing of maternal antibody levels. The seroconversion rates of three types of poliovirus antibodies in participants with maternal antibody titer ≥1:32 were significantly lower than those in participants with maternal antibody titer < 1:8 and 1:8 ~ < 1:32.

Conclusions
Maternal poliovirus antibodies interfered with the immune responses of infants to poliovirus vaccines, and a high level of maternal antibodies exhibited a greater dampening effect.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.govNCT04264598 February 11, 2020; ClinicalTrials.govNCT04264546 February 11, 2020; ClinicalTrials.govNCT03902054 April 3, 2019. Retrospectively registered.
Clinical benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitors approved by US Food and Drug Administration
Authors: Liang Fei , Zhang Sheng , Wang Qin , Li Wenfeng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
We describe the clinical benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitors using the European Society for Medical Oncology Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale (ESMO-MCBS) and ASCO VF.

Methods
We identify all approved indications of immune checkpoint inhibitors based on RCTs between January 1, 2011 and September 30, 2018 by FDA. Information including medians and HR of OS (PFS or DFS) and 95% CI, grade 3 or 4 toxicities in each arm, QOL data, survival probability at fixed time were extracted.

Results
Immune checkpoint inhibitors were approved for 18 indications based on RCTs. All the indications meet the ESMO-MCBS 1.1 threshold for meaningful benefit. By the updated ASCO-VF, the median Net Health Benefit (NHB) of these agents was 55.3 (range 17.4–77.1). Two third of the indication gained the bonus points for durable survival benefits by updated ASCO VF. When updated results were incorporated in the assessment, clinical benefit of most approved immune checkpoint inhibitors increased with a median improvement of NHB of 10 (range 2–20).

Conclusions
Approved immune checkpoint inhibitors provided clinical meaningful benefit by ESMO-MCBS 1.1, and most of these agents reach the threshold for bonus points for durable survival in the updated ASCO VF.
Comparative analysis of the tear protein profile in herpes simplex virus type 1 epithelial keratitis
Authors: Yang Hua , Yang Xiaozhao , Wang Yani , Zheng Xuan , Zhang Yi , Shao Yan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) keratitis is a major cause of corneal blindness in the world, and an in-depth understanding of its pathogenesis may help improve existing diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of this study is to compare and analysis the total tear protein profile of HSV-1 epithelial keratitis patients, and to quantify the potential candidate biomarkers of HSV-1 epithelial keratitis.

Methods
We investigated the proteome in tear fluid from three HSV-1 epithelial keratitis patients and three healthy control subjects using nano-scale liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS) analysis. Functional annotation of differentially expressed proteins was done with the Gene Ontology (GO) analysis. ELISA was done to quantify the potential candidate biomarkers in 26 clinical cases.

Results
Tear fluid from three HSV-1 epithelial keratitis patients and three healthy control subjects contained a total of 1275 proteins and 326 proteins were unique to tear fluid of HSV-1 epithelial keratitis patients. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that tear proteins from HSV-1 epithelial keratitis patients may be involved in metabolic processes, antigen presentation, inflammatory response, and in the TNF-mediated and T cell receptor pathways. Furthermore, IL1A, IL12B, DEFB4A, and CAMP, which are associated with the inflammatory response and inhibition of viral infection, were significantly more abundant in the HSV-1 epithelial keratitis patients than in the healthy control subjects.

Conclusions
This study reports the proteomic profile of tears in HSV-1 epithelial keratitis for the first time and identifies a number of unique differentially expressed proteins.
Efficacy and safety of wait and see strategy versus radical surgery and local excision for rectal cancer with cCR response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Guo-hua , Deng Li , Ye Dong-man , Wang Wen-hui , Yan Yan , Yu Tao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Neoadjuvant therapy can shrink tumors, increase anus preservation rate, and protect anal function. Radical surgery need cut off the diseased bowel, clean up the lymph nodes, and then restore bowel function. It could bring traumatic effect and poor postoperative quality of life to the patient. Local resection requires removal of the diseased bowel with circular negative margin. The surgical trauma is small, and the postoperative quality of life is good. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety between wait and see strategy (WS), radical surgery (RS), and local excision (LE) of rectal cancer patients with clinical complete response (cCR) response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

Methods
We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), and Wanfang databases to compare wait and see strategy with radical surgery and local excision for rectal cancer with cCR response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy up to March 2020. We collected the data of local recurrence, distant metastasis, cancer-related death, overall survival, and disease-free survival and used RevMan 5.0 to carry out the meta-analysis. Continuous data were evaluated by the standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), and dichotomous data were evaluated by relative risks (ORs or RRs) with 95% CIs. We aimed to compare the advantages and disadvantages of the three groups.

Results
Eleven English studies with 1131 patients were included. There were 412 patients in WS group, 678 patients in RS group, and 41 patients in LE group. WS group had a higher local recurrence rate than RS group (OR 7.32, 95% CI 3.58 to 14.95, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the other data between the three groups.

Conclusion
Compared with the RS group, the WS group had an increased risk of local recurrence. However, the WS group had a similar DFS and OS compared with the RS group and the local excision group. Hence, we speculated that the WS group would have similar results as the surgery group for patients with cCR status.
Reducing unnecessary caesarean sections: scoping review of financial and regulatory interventions
Authors: Opiyo Newton , Young Claire , Requejo Jennifer Harris , Erdman Joanna , Bales Sarah , Betrán Ana Pilar 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Caesarean sections (CS) are increasing worldwide. Financial incentives and related regulatory and legislative factors are important determinants of CS rates. This scoping review examines the evidence base of financial, regulatory and legislative interventions intended to reduce CS rates.

Methods
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and two trials registers in June 2019. Both experimental and observational intervention studies were eligible for inclusion. Primary outcome measures were: CS, spontaneous vaginal and instrumental birth rates. We assessed quality of evidence using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) method.

Results
We identified 9057 articles and assessed 65 full-texts. We included 16 observational studies. Most of the studies were conducted in high-income countries.
Three studies assessed payment methods for health workers: equalising physician fees for vaginal and caesarean delivery reduced CS rates in one study; however, little or no difference in CS rates was found in the remaining two studies.
Nine studies assessed payment methods for health organisations:
There was no difference in CS rates between diagnosis-related group (DRG) payment system compared to fee-for-service system in one study. However, DRG system was associated with lower odds for CS in another study.
There was little or no difference in CS rates following implementation of global budget payment (GBP) system in two studies.
Vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC) increased after implementation of a case-based payment system in one study. Caesarean section increased while VBAC rates decreased following implementation of a cap-based payment system in another study.
Financial incentive for providers to promote vaginal delivery combined with free vaginal delivery policy was found to reduce CS rates in one study.
Studied regulatory and legislative interventions (comprising legislatively imposed practice guidelines for physicians in one study and multi-faceted strategy which included policies to control CS on maternal request in another study) were found to reduce CS rates.
The GRADE quality of evidence varied from very low to low.

Conclusions
Available evidence on the effects of financial and regulatory strategies intended to reduce unnecessary CS is inconclusive given inconsistency in effects and low quality of the available evidence. More rigorous studies are needed.