bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective potentials of ethyl acetate-ethanolic fraction of Carica papaya leaves against acetaminophen-induced liver damage in rats
Authors: OLOYEDE Hussein O. B. , LUKMAN Halimat Y. , SALAWU Musa O. 
Published: September 2020

The liver is an important organ performing vital roles that become affected when damaged. The protective potential of ethyl acetate-ethanolic fraction of Carica papaya leaves on acetaminophen-induced liver damage in female albino rats was investigated. Forty female rats were completely randomized into eight groups (A-H) of five rats each. Group A (control), received 1 ml of distilled water, group B (untreated) received 250 mgkg-1 bw of acetaminophen, group C received silymarin (50 mgkg-1 bw) followed by actaminophen (250 mgkg-1 bw), groups D-G received 100, 200, 400 and 600 mgkg-1 bw of ethyl acetate-ethanolic fraction of Carica papaya leaves respectively; followed by acetaminophen administration (250 mgkg-1 bw), while group H (toxicity control) received 600 mgkg-1 bw extract fraction daily. Ethyl acetate-ethanolic fraction of Carica papaya leaves significantly (p<0.05) decreased the activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase and bilirubin concentration and increased the concentrations of total protein and albumin in acetaminophen-induced liver damaged rats when compared with the untreated group. Prevention of liver damage was observed in the groups pre-administered 400 and 600 mgkg-1 bw of the extract fraction as well as the silymarin group. Activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase and the concentration of glutathione were significantly (p<0.05) increased while the concentration of malondialdehyde was significantly (p<0.05) decreased in rats pre-administered with silymarin or the extract fraction when compared with the acetaminophen-induced rats. Ethyl acetate-ethanolic fraction of Carica papaya leaves prevented acetaminophen-induced rat liver damage probably mainly due to the antioxidant constituents of the fraction.
Secular Changes in Mortality and Hospitalization over Time in People with Kidney Failure or Severe CKD as Compared with Other Noncommunicable Diseases
Authors: Tonelli Marcello , Wiebe Natasha , James Matthew T. , Klarenbach Scott W. , Manns Braden J. , Pannu Neesh , Ravani Pietro , Hemmelgarn Brenda R. 
Published: September 2020

Significance Statement
Unlike other noncommunicable diseases such as coronary disease and cancer, few new effective treatments have been developed for kidney failure or CKD in recent years. This retrospective cohort study included 548,609 people in Alberta, Canada with an incident noncommunicable disease, including those with kidney failure on renal replacement (KF-RRT) or severe CKD, who were diagnosed in 2004 through 2015. The authors found that patients with CKD and KF-RRT experienced secular reductions in mortality and mean annual days in the hospital at 1 and 5 years comparable with those experienced by patients with other common noncommunicable diseases, including myocardial infarction, diabetes, and certain malignancies. This contradicts the commonly held perception that outcomes associated with CKD or kidney failure have improved more slowly than those for other major noncommunicable diseases.

Background
Few new treatments have been developed for kidney failure or CKD in recent years, leading to perceptions of slower improvement in outcomes associated with CKD or kidney failure than for other major noncommunicable diseases.

Methods
Our retrospective cohort study included 548,609 people with an incident noncommunicable disease, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, various cancers, and severe CKD or kidney failure treated with renal replacement (KF-RRT), treated in Alberta, Canada, 2004–2015. For each disease, we assessed presence or absence of 8 comorbidities; we also compared secular trends in relative (compared to a referent year of 2004) and absolute risks of mortality and mean annual days in the hospital associated with each disease after 1 year and 5 years.

Results
Comorbidities increased significantly in number over time for all noncommunicable diseases except diabetes, and increased most rapidly for CKD and KF-RRT. Significant but relatively small reductions over time in the risk ratio of mortality at 1 year occurred for nearly all noncommunicable diseases. Secular trends in the absolute risk of mortality were similar; CKD and KF-RRT had a relatively favorable ranking at 1 year. Breast cancer, KF-RRT, diabetes, and colorectal cancer displayed the largest relative reductions in number of hospital days at 1 year. Significant absolute reductions in the number of hospital days were observed for both KF-RRT and CKD; the former had the highest absolute reduction among all noncommunicable diseases. Results were similar at 5 years.

Conclusions
We observed secular reductions in mortality and annual hospital days at 1 year and 5 years among incident patients with KF-RRT and severe CKD, as well as several other common noncommunicable diseases.
Участие некоммерческих организаций в социальном предпринимательстве: влияние акселерационной деятельности (на примере акселератора ЦРНО 2015–2017 гг.)
Authors: Москвина Анастасия Юрьевна 
Published: September 2020

Многие российские НКО занимаются деятельностью, приносящей доход, рассматривая ее как источник финансовых ресурсов для своих программ и уставных целей. Хотя закон о социальном предпринимательстве исключает некоммерческие организации из этого поля, практика показывает, что многие предпринимательские проекты в этом секторе могут стать реальными социальными предприятиями. Большую роль в развитии предпринимательских проектов некоммерческих организаций играют т. н. акселераторы. Статья посвящена исследованию результативности Социального акселератора ресурсного центра НКО в Санкт-Петербурге в 2015–2017 гг. В статье рассмотрено его влияние на развитие социально-предпринимательской деятельности НКО. Исследование показало, что участие организаций и инициативных групп в акселерационной программе развивает социально-предпринимательское мышление, помогает рационализации миссии, профессионализирует деятельность на личном и организационном уровнях; становится причиной создания дружественной экосистемы поддержки и развития; помогает диверсифицировать источники ресурсов и создавать устойчивые бизнес-модели. Результаты исследования подтверждают, что начало предпринимательской деятельности является вызовом для НКО и заставляет их перестраивать внутренние процессы, искать новый баланс социальной миссии и бизнес-подхода. Независимо от того, стал ли предпринимательский проект НКО рентабельным, его запуск ведет к формированию предпринимательского поведения (готовности к риску, инновациям, про-активности), что обеспечивает большую успешность в привлечении средств из традиционных для НКО источников: частных и корпоративных пожертвований, грантов. В отличие от традиционных бизнес-организаций, участники акселератора демонстрируют неконкурентное поведение, стремление объединяться для неформального общения и реализации совместных проектов, образуя сообщество взаимной поддержки. Даже при отказе от развития предпринимательского проекта, происходит профессиональное развитие лидеров и команд. Это способствует карьерному росту сотрудников как внутри организации, так и вне ее, а иногда – выходу из организации для создания собственного проекта социального предпринимательства.
Significación Sobre la Enseñanza de la Lectura en Inglés: Prácticas de Docentes en Educación Preescolar
Authors: Jaramillo-Valencia Bairon , Quintero-Arrubla Sonia Ruth 
Published: September 2020

This article shows the importance of teaching conceptions of preschool teachers about reading in English language, and also how these notions might influence their respective teaching practices. Moreover, a set of variables (categories) regarding to reading teaching are determined for this text to be understood properly. On the other hand, this study has taken the qualitative paradigm as a reference and it has also diferenbeen oriented by the ethnography as a type of research; likewise, several results are presented due to some information gathering techniques (surveys, focus groups and interviews). In the research that assisted this article some institutions participated: The Luis Amigó Catholic University from Medellín, Colombia, the Maule University from Chile and the Ibero-American Network from Pedagogy. Finally, among the most meaningful results, it is highlighted the lack of offer about courses that make emphasis on English teaching in early ages for preschool teachers, as well as the stress on teaching pronunciation rather than comprehension of the message in English for children.
Orquestación de Sentidos: Una Mirada Semiótica a la Mediación de la Lectura
Authors: Fernández-de Córdova Camila , Mediavilla-Naranjo Enrique 
Published: September 2020

Within the context of the reflection process on the different languages of children’s literature, there is a need of approximation of the semiotic aspects in reading mediation. To this end, a theoretical review that covers the configuration of the illustrated book as a significant object is offered, the articulation of visual codes with the written text in the construction of senses and the involvement of these languages in the understanding of literary contents. In addition, it addresses the relevance of the mediating figure as a bridge between the book and the community, and analyzes various resources inserted in the aesthetic proposals and its interrelationship with the public and context. In the methodological field, under a qualitative research perspective, the group discussion technique is used; which in this case, collects the contributions of Latin American exponents from the reading mediation field. After reviewing the theoretical postulates under the light of the reflections that arouse during the study, it is established that in the mediation process new elements of meaning and significance are added, complementing the contents of the book with other languages that underlie each appropriation, interpretation and conformation of the act of reading.
To study the etiological factors for development of seizure disorder in neonatal age group
Authors: Kumar Choudhary Prashant , Goyal Prachi , Mehdi Johar Ali 
Published: September 2020

This prospective study was conducted over the period of one year at M.Y. Hospital & Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, Indore, in the Department of Pediatrics, M.G.M. Medical College, Indore.Detailed history of present illness with duration of convulsion were enquired. A detailed history of mother during antenatal, natal and post natal period was taken. Type of delivery (vaginal/ LSCS; full term / preterm), enquired about the indication of LSCS. History of labour with particular ref to birth injury, asphyxia (delayed cry), neonatal history regarding jaundice & feeding history, detailed family history in relation to epilepsy convulsion and mental diseases were recorded. In 1st 24hrs birth asphyxia (88%) is most common cause of seizures. In 2 to 7 day age group most common cause were metabolic (hypoglycemia (28.5%) & hypocalcaemia (26%)). In &#62; 7 day meningitis (80%) was the most common cause of seizures. P value was &#60; 0.001. Out of 74 term babies most common cause of seizure was birth asphyxia (58%) followed by meningitis (16.2%), hypocalcaemia (13.5%), hypoglycemia (8.1%). Out of 26 preterm babies 30% had meningitis, 30% had hypoglycemia, 19.2% had hypocalcaemia, and 15.3% had birth asphyxia. 1 case of ICH was reported. P value was 0.004. In present study out of total 100 cases most common etiology was birth asphyxia (47%), followed by meningitis (20%), hypocalcaemia (15%), and hypoglycemia (14%). During 1st 24 hrs. most common cause was birth asphyxia (88%). In 2 – 7 day age group metabolic abnormalities (hypocalcaemia & hypoglycemia) was most common (54.5%). And after 7 days meningitis (80%) was most common etiology. In term babies most common etiology was birth asphyxia (58%) followed by metabolic (21%) & meningitis (16.2%). In preterm babies most common cause was metabolic (50%) followed by meningitis (30%).
Neonatal Seizure – Etiological & Clinical differentiation
Authors: K Agarwalla Sunil , Priya Sahu Satya 
Published: September 2020

A seizure in the neonatal period is an emergency that reflects potentially significant insults to the immature brain. Seizure represents the most distinctive signal of neurological disease in the newborn period and they are most frequent of the major manifestation of neonatal neurological disorder.It is critical to recognise neonatal seizures, determine their etiology and to treat them promptly.The neonatal period is one of high seizure hazard for a number of reasons. The last trimester and early neonatal period are characterized by rapid brain growth and development; both structure and function undergo substantial changes in relatively short time. This process has specific metabolic demand, substrate requirements and the need to proceed under relatively ideal conditions. Unfortunately the neonatal period is also characterised by a wide range of factors that can negatively impact this process; there are many diverse pathological process and disorders that may occur frequently and that may cause brain dysfunction. In addition the relative excitability of the immature brain compared with that of older children or adults make the neonate more prone to seizure. As regards the aetiological factors in neonatal seizures they are many; some of them require multiple sophisticated investigations, while others can be diagnosed clinically with a few simple investigation. Thus in present perspective, neonatal seizure deserves intensive investigation and comprehensive research.
Amikacin overdose in infant
Authors: Kondekar Santosh , D S Madhumithra , Borkar Shreyas 
Published: September 2020

Amikacin is an aminoglycoside used in the treatment of a wide variety of infections. It has the broadest spectrum of action amongst the aminoglycosides. It is often associated with dire side effects like nephrotoxicity and ototoxicty. The recommended dose for Amikacin is 15 mg/kg per day as a single dose.An 8 month infant was exposed to 10 times the normal amikacin dose. No treatment was given. Later on, no side effects were observed either.Previously overdoses like that observed in the above case have occurred. Those cases were immediately treated as opposed to our case and no further sequelae were observed in any of those cases either. There seems to be enough reason to doubt the need for immediate treatment in the case of amikacin overdose, instead, careful observation seems to be more appropriate.
Violencia sexual en niños y adolescentes varones en el mundo: una revisión integrativa
Authors: Gómez-León Marta Cecilia , Moreno Rangel Yenny Patricia , Cárdenas-Serrato Patricia Isabel , Vasquez Perez Héctor Ariel , Wilches Gutiérrez José Luis Andrés 
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: recopilar, resumir y analizar la producción científica actual sobre la violencia sexual infantil (VSI) en niños y adolescentes varones en el mundo entre el 2014 y el 2019. Método: se realizó una revisión integrativa de literatura mediante una búsqueda sistemática de estudios publicados entre el 2014 y el 2019 en PubMed, LILACS e IBECS. Resultados: se identificaron 990 referencias, de las cuales se seleccionaron 31 artículos para la revisión. La mayoría se realizaron en EE. UU. (n = 18) y otros países desarrollados; solo cinco provienen de países en desarrollo (Brasil, China, India, Jamaica y Suráfrica). Dieciocho estudios usaron metodologías cuantitativas; quince, de tipo transversal. Dos trabajos abordaron menores de 16 años como su población objetivo. Respecto a los objetivos y hallazgos principales, se identificaron cuatro temas recurrentes: caracterización de la VSI, efectos en salud de la VSI (salud mental, salud sexual, comportamientos de riesgo y violencia), revelación de la VSI y análisis de intervenciones terapéuticas. Entre los hallazgos más sobresalientes se refirió que la divulgación del evento constituye un factor protector en el fortalecimiento de la resiliencia frente al abuso. Conclusiones: la VSI genera un impacto negativo en diferentes dimensiones de la salud de la víctima, que trascienden a lo largo de su vida y se profundizan en la medida en que se prolonga el momento de la revelación de los hechos. Más investigaciones son necesarias, principalmente en regiones y países en vías de desarrollo.
As crenças e atitudes linguísticas: o que dizem os falantes sobre os ideofones da variedade linguística do português falado em Cametá-PA
Authors: Da Silva Gabriele Maria Muniz , Furtado Raquel Maria Silva Costa 
Published: September 2020

Este estudo trata de uma investigação sociolinguística sobre as crenças e atitudes linguísticas dos falantes cametaenses diante dos ideofones “bacu”, “boroca”, “gito”, “hem hem”, “malamá”, “teteé” e “xibante” da variedade linguística falada em Cametá-PA. A pesquisa objetiva analisar se há atitude positiva ou negativa diante de tais ideofones, a fim de compreender o papel das variáveis sexo, idade, escolaridade e procedência sobre as atitudes observáveis, a partir dos componentes cognitivo, conativo e afetivo que estruturam a atitude linguística. Baseia-se em Cardoso (2015), Lambert e Lambert (1972), Costa (2017) e Melo (2017). O instrumento de coleta de dados para análise contém dados de fala controlados obtidos por meio da técnica matched guise ou “falsos pares”, de Lambert e Lambert (1972). Os dados coletados na pesquisa revelaram maior ocorrência de atitudes linguísticas positivas dos informantes diante dos ideofones quanto ao modo de falar cametaense e suas preferencias ao uso dos ideofones.
ANALYSIS OF MANAGEMENT AND UTILIZATION OF CAPITATION FUND DENTISTS IN THE CITY OF PALEMBANG AND LUBUKLINGGAU
Authors: Ridho Faiznur , Soebyakto Bambang B. , Idris Haerawati 
Published: September 2020

Primary dentists at the era of the National Health Insurance are only paid IDR2,000 each patient. The Capitation funds can not cover the cost of services that must be spent. The payment system must be improved because it is related to the quality of service. The aims of this study to analyze the management and utilization of dental capitation funds including the bottlenecks and to generate solutions in the implementation of JKN. This research was descriptive with qualitative approach. The informants of the study were 16 (sixteen) dentists as an independent practitioners and pratama clinics in Palembang and Lubuklinggau with highest and lowest capitation coverage. Data were analyzed by data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing and verification. The result showed that there was a disparity in capitation fund income received by dentists both as an independent practitioners and pratama clinic. Not all dentists get the ideal number of participants 1: 10,000. Dentists with low capitation norms have difficulty to set their operational funds. The budget for operational cost is bigger than services cost. Revenues compared to capitation funds are still lacking. Most capitation funds for primary dentists are insufficient and still rely on fee for service patients. The government should set dental capitation norm and regulation for National Health Insurance era.Key words: dentist, capitation, clinic, utilization, regulation
SATISFACTION ON DELIVERY CARE SERVICES AMONG RURAL WOMEN IN SARAWAK, MALAYSIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL COMMUNITY-BASED STUDY
Authors: Rahman Md Mizanur , Ngadan Deburra Peak , Arif Mohd Taha 
Published: September 2020

The improvement of quality in maternity care services is an effective strategy to reduce maternal mortality. The utilisation of the maternity services and its satisfaction indirectly measure the quality of services. This study aimed to assess the level of satisfaction with delivery care and also to identify the factors influencing the satisfaction among women on the quality of delivery care services in Sarawak. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the three main zones of Sarawak, Malaysia. A total of 1236 completed data were analysed. Data was collected using the validated Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ-18, Short Form) by face to face interview. Data entry and analysis was done by SPSS version 22.0 software. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. A multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that Bidayuh ethnics were 28.6% less likely to have good satisfaction with delivery care than the other ethnic groups. The respondents were 1.806 times more likely to have the average satisfaction and 1.972 times more likely to have good satisfaction on delivery care if a doctor attended the latter. Similarly, the respondents were 2.29 times highly satisfied if the out of pocket expenses were less than MYR 91.50 (US $ 21.73) compared to 2.10 times in average satisfaction. Overall, the women were satisfied with the delivery care services. However, assessment of satisfaction with the services provided from the different level of health care professionals needs to be explored to gain a deeper understanding of maternal care.Keywords: Delivery Care, Level of satisfaction, Maternal Health Services, Sarawak.
Consensualismo, eficiência e pluralismo administrativo: um estudo sobre a adoção da mediação pelo TCU
Authors: Dantas Bruno 
Published: September 2020

O artigo tem por objetivo demonstrar o aporte teórico necessário para aimplementação de um centro de mediação no Tribunal de Contas da União. Busca-se demonstrar que a mediação é uma técnica que resulta de um amplo movimento de rompimento com o teor vertical que marca o direito administrativo clássico, sendo a sua utilização no setor público imprescindível para a concretização de uma série de objetivos e valores constitucionais. Para tanto, a pesquisa, que adota a técnica dedutiva, desenvolve-se pelo procedimento de revisão bibliográfica nacional eestrangeira, se dedicando, em um primeiro momento, a demonstrar as origens e o desenvolvimento da noção de Administração Pública Consensual para, no final, tecer considerações sobre a implementação de um centro de mediação no Tribunal de Contas da União, bem como sugerir o procedimento que poderia ser adotado para a condução das transações em processos objeto de controle pelo Tribunal.