bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tailoring SnO2, (Mg,Zn)O, and Ga:(Mg,Zn)O electro-optical properties and stability for solar cells
Authors: Good Brian , Ablekim Tursun , Khan Imran S , Reese Matthew O , Zakutayev Andriy , Metzger Wyatt K 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The electron density, mobility, bandgap and band alignment of transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) can be tailored by adjusting composition and stoichiometry, thereby enabling interface engineering for diverse semiconductor applications. For example, solar cell efficiency can change enormously by adjusting TCO properties. At the same time, these TCO properties can shift during the deposition of other layers, anneals and device operation. An ideal TCO should have tunable but stable electro-optical properties. Here, we deposit SnO2, (Mg,Zn)O (MZO), and Ga:(Mg,Zn)O (GMZO) films on glass and measure their electro-optical characteristics before and after reducing, inert, oxidizing and CdCl2 anneals over a range of temperatures. Electron density generally increases in the progression from oxidizing to inert and reducing ambients. SnO2 is relatively stable compared to MZO but has less flexibility for interface engineering. We investigate GMZO as a similar but more stable alternative to MZO. The addition of Ga to MZO has significant effects on electron density and improves electro-optical stability, which can be advantageous for semiconductor applications. Furthermore, we demonstrate that GMZO can be readily incorporated into solar cells.
Polytypism in GaAs/GaNAs core–shell nanowires
Authors: Yukimune M , Fujiwara R , Mita T , Ishikawa F 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We report the crystal structures of GaAs and GaAs/GaNAs/GaAs core–multishell nanowires (NWs). From statistical investigations by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) pattern analysis, we statistically and microscopically resolve the zinc-blende (ZB) and wurtzite (WZ) polytypism within the NWs. The XRD analysis shows a smaller fraction of WZ segments in the NWs with a larger concentration of nitrogen. With increasing nitrogen content in the GaNAs shell, the ZB peak position shifts toward higher angles and the WZ peak intensity decreases. The EBSD measurements also confirm the coexistence of ZB and WZ polytypes in all of the NWs. Their polytype switches along the length. Twin defects are observed in the ZB segments in all of the NWs. The unique grain map and grain size distribution show a decrease of the WZ segments in the GaAs/GaNAs/GaAs NW, in agreement with the XRD results. Microscopically, the local area where the polytype switches from WZ in the inner-core side to ZB toward the outer-shell surface is observed. Overall, we propose that the WZ polytype in the GaAs NWs decreases because of the strain induced by the growth of the GaNAs shell with a smaller lattice constant.
3D Compton image reconstruction method for whole gamma imaging
Authors: Tashima Hideaki , Yoshida Eiji , Wakizaka Hidekatsu , Takahashi Miwako , Nagatsu Kotaro , Tsuji Atsushi B , Kamada Kei , Parodi Katia , Yamaya Taiga 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Compton imaging or Compton camera imaging has been studied well, but its advantages in nuclear medicine and molecular imaging have not been demonstrated yet. Therefore, the aim of this work was to compare Compton imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) by using the same imaging platform of whole gamma imaging (WGI). WGI is a concept that combines PET with Compton imaging by inserting a scatterer ring into a PET ring. This concept utilizes diverse types of gamma rays for 3D tomographic imaging. In this paper, we remodeled our previous WGI prototype for small animal imaging, and we developed an image reconstruction method based on a list-mode ordered subset expectation maximization algorithm incorporating detector response function modeling, random correction and normalization (sensitivity correction) for either PET and Compton imaging. To the best of our knowledge, this is the world’s first realization of a full-ring Compton imaging system. We selected 89Zr as an imaging target because a 89Zr nuclide emits a 909 keV single-gamma ray as well as a positron, and we can directly compare Compton imaging of 909 keV photons with PET, a well-established modality. We measured a cylindrical phantom and a small rod phantom filled with 89Zr solutions of 10.3 MBq and 10.2 MBq activity, respectively, for 1 h each. The uniform radioactivity distribution of the cylindrical phantom was reconstructed with normalization in both PET and Compton imaging. Coefficients of variation for region-of-interest values were 4.2% for Compton imaging and 3.3% for PET; the difference might be explained by the difference in the detected count number. The small rod phantom experiment showed that the WGI Compton imaging had spatial resolution better than 3.0 mm at the peripheral region although the center region had lower resolution. PET resolved 2.2 mm rods clearly at any location. We measured a mouse for 1 h, 1 d after injection of 9.8 MBq 89Zr oxalate. The 89Zr assimilated in the mouse bony structures was clearly depicted, and Compton imaging results agreed well with PET images, especially for the region inside the scatterer ring. In conclusion, we demonstrated the performance of WGI using the developed Compton image reconstruction method. We realized Compton imaging with a quality approaching that of PET, which is supporting a future expectation that Compton imaging outperforms PET.
Imputing radiobiological parameters of the linear-quadratic dose-response model from a radiotherapy fractionation plan
Authors: Ghate Archis 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The objective in cancer radiotherapy is to maximize tumor-kill while limiting toxic effects of radiation dose on nearby organs-at-risk (OAR). Given a fixed number of treatment sessions, planners thus face the problem of finding a dosing sequence that achieves this goal. This is called the fractionation problem, and has received steady attention over a long history in the clinical literature. Mathematical formulations of the resulting optimization problem utilize the linear-quadratic (LQ) framework to characterize radiation dose-response of tumors and OAR. This yields a nonconvex quadratically constrained quadratic program. The optimal dosing plan in this forward problem crucially depends on the parameters of the LQ model. Unfortunately, these parameters are difficult to estimate via in vitro or in vivo studies, and as such, their values are unknown to treatment planners. The clinical literature is thus replete with debates about what parameter values will make specific dosing plans effective. This paper formulates this as an inverse optimization problem. The LQ dose-response parameters appear in the objective function, the left hand side, and the right hand side of the forward problem, and none of the existing generic methods can provide an exact solution of the inverse problem. This paper exploits the structure of the problem and identifies all possible parameter values that render the given dosing plan optimal, in closed-form. This closed-form formula is applied to dosing-plans from three clinical studies published within the last two years.
Electronically tunable quantum phase slips in voltage-biased superconducting rings as a base for phase-slip flux qubits
Authors: Kenawy Ahmed , Magnus Wim , Milošević Milorad V , Sorée Bart 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Quantum phase slips represent a coherent mechanism to couple flux states of a superconducting loop. Since their first direct observation, there have been substantial developments in building charge-insensitive quantum phase-slip circuits. At the heart of these devices is a weak link, often a nanowire, interrupting a superconducting loop. Owing to the very small cross-sectional area of such a nanowire, quantum phase slip rates in the gigahertz range can be achieved. Instead, here we present the use of a bias voltage across a superconducting loop to electrostatically induce a weak link, thereby amplifying the rate of quantum phase slips without physically interrupting the loop. Our simulations reveal that the bias voltage modulates the free energy barrier between subsequent flux states in a very controllable fashion, providing a route towards a phase-slip flux qubit with a broadly tunable transition frequency.
Polarization-gradient cooling of 1D and 2D ion Coulomb crystals
Authors: Joshi M K , Fabre A , Maier C , Brydges T , Kiesenhofer D , Hainzer H , Blatt R , Roos C F 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We present experiments on polarization gradient cooling of Ca+ multi-ion Coulomb crystals in a linear Paul trap. Polarization gradient cooling of the collective modes of motion whose eigenvectors have overlap with the symmetry axis of the trap is achieved by two counter-propagating laser beams with mutually orthogonal linear polarizations that are blue-detuned from the S
1/2 ↔ P
1/2 transition. We demonstrate cooling of linear chains of up to 51 ions and 2D-crystals in zig-zag configuration with 22 ions. The cooling results are compared with numerical simulations and the predictions of a simple model of cooling in a moving polarization gradient.
Experimental Research on Drilling Force of Stainless Steel
Authors: Fan Ning , Pan Yongzhi , Qiao Yang , Chen Hongtang , Fu Xiuli 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Accurate measurement of cutting force is an important means to study metal cutting process. In this paper, the measurement of drilling force for stainless steel is studied by means of drilling experiments. It is found that the measured values of drilling force are dispersive under the same conditions. The uniformity of mechanical properties of workpiece materials has a great influence on the value of drilling force. In calculating cutting force by finite element method, it is necessary to ensure that the performance parameters of the input material are consistent with the actual performance parameters of the workpiece.
Study on the Interfacial Shear Strength of a Polyamide 66/Epoxy Resin Composite
Authors: Li Guangzhao , Feng Lajun , Zhai Zhe , Wang Fangfang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this work, the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of polyamide 66/epoxy resin composite was improved through the surface modification of polyamide 66 by low-temperature oxygen and nitrogen plasma. Microbond test was used to study the IFSS of the composite. In addition, the composition, microstructures and deboned morphology of the fiber were investigated using the methods of XPS, AFM and SEM. The results show that the polar functional group, such as -NH2, -COOH, and -OH, were successfully introduced on the surface of the polyamide 66 fiber by plasma treatment. Meanwhile, the surface roughness of the polyamide 66 also increased. After oxygen and nitrogen plasma treatment, the interfacial shear strength of the composite increased to 3.52 MPa and 4.89 MPa, respectively, which is 2 times and 3 times higher than that of the untreated composite. Nitrogen plasma treatment showed better results than oxygen plasma treatment.
Optimization Design and Simulation Analysis for Cavity Shape of Single Toggle Jaw Crusher
Authors: Zhong Xiaoqin , Niu Xiaojian , Ji Qiqiang , Shen Xiuguo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The lower part of the crushing chamber of the single toggle jaw crusher is easy to block when it is used, which directly affects the capacity of the crusher and the service life of the moving jaw plate. The cavity shape of PE1500×1800 single toggle jaw crusher is taken as the research object, and Genetic Algorithm is used to optimize the design of cavity shape by taking the minimum difference of the open-side trapezoidal area between the crushing layer and the discharge layer at the lower part of the crushing chamber as the objective function. On the basis of the optimization design, the virtual prototype model of crusher’s working device before and after the optimization is established based on ADAMS, and the motion characteristics of the moving jaw are simulated and analyzed. The simulation results show that the capacity of the optimized crusher is increased by 25.19% while the blockage is reduced, and the movement characteristics of the moving jaw discharge port are also improved.
Analysis on the Exploitation and Utilization of Non-oil and Gas Mineral Resources in China from 2015 to 2017
Authors: Chen Ling , Wang Haiqing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of the exploitation and utilization of non-oil and gas mineral resources, which is of great significance to both the mineral resources management departments and mining investors. This article analyzed the exploitation and utilization of non-oil and gas mineral resources in China from 2015 to 2017, by using the authoritative data which issued by the Ministry of Natural Resources, PPC, and the work achievements of the project “Remote Sensing Monitoring of Mineral Resources Exploitation Environment in China”. It was found that the number of non-oil and gas mines in China was generally decreasing, with a decrease of 20.1% from 2015 to 2017. It showed that the exploitation of non-oil and gas mineral resources in China was changing to large-scale and intensification. China’s coal and iron ore production capacity had been significantly reduced in 2015-2017. It showed that the socio-economic dependence on mineral resources was gradually decreasing. It was suggested that the mineral resources management department should strengthen the crackdown on illegal mining. It was suggested that mining investors should strengthen cooperation, and transform to knowledge intensive industries such as deep processing of mineral products.
Study on Promotion of the Professional Market Mode and Service Mode in New Economic Times: Take Zhejiang Hai-Gang Intelligent Home City as Example
Authors: Shen Yuyan , Qian Yan , Zheng Xiutian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper has combined the opportunity of Zhejiang Province to develop modern supply chain, based on the trend of the integration of Internet and professional market in the new economic era, proposed the promotion significance of the professional market similar to the Haigang Intelligent Home City, and then proposedthe business improvement plan of the professional market of the home city, the service mode promotion solution and the time node to realizeon the basis of the analysis of the status quo. It has put forward the new ideas and directions for the transformation and upgrading of the professional market, which has the practical significance and application value.
Development of Sustainable Detention Ponds for Flood and Sediment Control in Urban Areas
Authors: Suripin S , Darsono S , Kurniani D , Hutagalung W F , Dintia D V 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Muddy floods often occur in Indonesia as a side effect of urban development. Flood and sediment control facilities have been so far developed separately. Flood is controlled by reservoirs, while sediment is trapped by checkdam. The objective of this paper is to develop an integrated system between flood control and sediment trap analytically. The system consists of detention pond equipped with perforated spillway tower. Optimization is carried out on the dimensions of spillway tower, the diameter, number and layout of perforation orifices to obtain the highest trapped sediment and flood peak reduction for a certain pond capacity. The research was conducted in the Meteseh sub-watershed, located in Semarang. The results indicated that the position and arrangement of the orifices in the spillway tower affect sediment trap, while their size and number affect the reduction in peak discharge. The proper size, number, posistion and arrangement of orifices on the spillway tower be able to trap sediment and reduce flood discharge as high as 80%, and 24% consecutively.
Leaf Morphological Variation of Acanthus in Some Estuarine Areas of Cilacap
Authors: Herawati W , Widodo P , Sukarsa  , Palupi D 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Acanthus is the only genus of family Acanthaceae which occupies mangroves habitat. Despite the importance of Acanthus, collection, characterization and improvement of its germplasm is limited. Hence, this will hinder its effective conservation and utilization. Therefore, the objective of this research was to identify morphological variation of Acanthus in some estuarine areas of Cilacap Central java in relation to habitat. The method used in this study was survey with stratified sampling. The variables measured included, leaf shape, size, apex, base, margin, color and spine. The results of this study indicated that the different location affect some morphological characteristics. Most of the Acanthus population observed in this study have direction of stem axial spines facing upwards, green, inflorescences spika, petals large, light violet Similar to characters Acanthus ilicifolius has variations in leaf margin, leaf shape and size.
Research of parameters of hydrostatic transmission with axial flow divider for cases of multi-drive vehicle maneuvering
Authors: Belousov A M , Karelin D L , Boldyrev A V , Boldyrev S V 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The article considers a mathematical model of hydrostatic transmission with an axial flow divider for a multi-drive vehicle during its maneuvering. The new method for controlling the energy parameters of the wheel drive by adjusting the angles of swash plates for each section of the axial flow divider depending on the radius of rotation of the multi-drive vehicle is presented and static characteristics are constructed.
Application of individual educational trajectories and adaptive content in engineering education
Authors: Galeev R D , Gilmanshin I R , Kashapov N F , Gilmanshina S I 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The article explores the educational technology of personalized training in the training of engineers. A hypothesis is presented on the relationship between the quality of student preparation and the individual educational trajectory reinforced by feedbacks. The use of new pedagogical technologies based on machine learning and big data is proposed. An algorithm for creating personalized educational systems is defined.
Methodological features of using elements of distance learning in the training of competent specialists
Authors: Gilmanshin I R , Kosmodemyanskaya S S , Galeeva A I , Saduakaskyzy K 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The paper considers the problem of using distance learning of students of engineering and chemical education in the framework of the digitalization of the learning system. Authors consider distance learning of profile disciplines as an element of a personality-oriented approach in the context of professional self-education and as a form of preparation for future professional activity. The rationale for the feasibility of variable forms of a holistic distance learning system based on methodological support is presented, the basic principles for constructing educational trajectories are determined. The authors present some results of a pedagogical experiment over a seven-year study period, confirming the effectiveness of the developed distance learning technology.
Modeling the processes of forming the organizational structure of management in itegrated formations
Authors: Kashapov N F , Nafikov M M , Gazetdinov M X , Gazetdinov Sh M , Nigmatzyanov A R 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The article discusses an approach to the procedure for building a rational organizational structure of management of integrated agricultural formations in modern conditions of functioning. In the modern theory of areas have developed quite separately. Thus, research on optimal long-term planning focuses mainly on a certain frozen organizational structure of management without taking into account its dynamics in changing conditions. In the works on the rationalization of the production structure, which is generally, the alternative character of the recommendations, mapping projects not done a proper analysis of effectiveness and expected outcomes further improve the organizational structure of management. This implies the need for a unified conceptual approach to planning and creating an organizational management structure in the agricultural sector of the economy.
Application of robotic systems in production: new opportunities for development and risks
Authors: Khafizov I I , Nurullin I G , Kashapov N F 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
It is impossible to imagine the modern world and the near future without robots. They have already penetrated into absolutely all spheres of our life, including work, are used to perform various functions, which previously only a person could cope with. Automation and robotics of work processes in production, reduces the impact of human factors and leads to improved product quality, while reducing costs.
Engineering experiment as an underlying tool for training research engineers
Authors: Khamidullina G R , Konakhina I A , Kashapov N F , Khafizov I I , Khusnutdinova E M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The paper analyzes the contribution of the engineering experiment to professional skills of research engineers. The discussion is based on the educational programs and methodology of the disciplines taught at the Engineering Institute of Kazan Federal University.
Development of hardening technology for working surfaces of microsurgical instruments made of titanium alloy
Authors: Murataev F I , Galimov E R 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The structure and properties of materials and working surfaces of needle holders were studied to improve the technology of their manufacture according to the characteristics of hardness and functionality of a microsurgical instrument. The types and modes of volumetric and surface hardening of VT6 titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) using laser technologies adapted to the working surfaces of the tool are proposed. The possibility of using the alloy to replace maraging steel in the manufacture of needle holders is evaluated
Reliability study for traction electrical equipment of urban electric transport
Authors: Sabitov L S , Aukhadeyev A E , Idiyatullin R G , Litvinenko R S , Kisneeva L N , Khusnutdinov A N , Ilyushin O V 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The paper discusses the matter of reliability of the windings of the asynchronous traction motors being part of the urban electrically powered vehicles, contains the characteristic curve of the stator failure-free operation probability, and refers to experimental data on the failure rate. The results can be used both at the design stage of asynchronous traction motors and while in operation to optimize the preventive maintenance.
Frame model of knowledge representation in the expert system of technological route selection
Authors: Simonova L A , Kapitonova G M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In the process of technological preparation of production, a large amount of industrial data is used, such as the availability of production materials and components, the availability of production resources, the use of various tools and information systems for production management based on ERP and MES. In order to ensure operational management of production and help a technologist in making a decision while choosing a technological route for manufacturing a product, there is a need to use an expert system. Taking into account the above-mentioned requirements, a frame representation of knowledge becomes the most appropriate method of presenting knowledge in an expert system. The paper proposes a frame model for representing knowledge about the technological route of manufacturing an expert system product.