bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID‐19, thromboembolic risk, and Virchow's triad: Lesson from the past
Authors: Mehta Jawahar L. , Calcaterra Giuseppe , Bassareo Pier P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCOronavirus Infectious Disease which started in 2019 (COVID‐19) usually presents with the signs and symptoms of pneumonia. However, a growing number of recent reports highlight the fact that the infection may be by far more than only a respiratory disease. There is evidence of an increased thromboembolic risk in COVID‐19 patients, with a variety of manifestations in terms of ischemic stroke, deep vein thrombosis, acute pulmonary embolism, acute myocardial infarction, systemic arterial embolism, and placental thrombosis. The German physician Rudolph Virchow, about two centuries ago, described three pivotal factors contributing together to thromboembolic risk: endothelial injury, hypercoagulability, and blood stasis. COVID‐19‐associated hypercoagulability is unique and distinctive, and has its own features involving the immune system. Many of the drugs proposed and currently undergoing evaluation for the treatment of COVID‐19 have one or more of the Virchow's triad elements as a target. The three factors outlined by Virchow are still able to explain the venous and arterial hypercoagulable state in the dramatic COVID‐19 setting. Nowadays, we have decidedly more sophisticated diagnostic tools than Virchow had, but many of the challenges that we are facing are the same as Virchow faced in the 19th century.
Patient‐reported causes of distress predict disparities in time to evaluation and time to treatment after breast cancer diagnosis
Authors: Fayanju Oluwadamilola M. , Ren Yi , Stashko Ilona , Power Steve , Thornton Madeline J. , Marcom P. Kelly , Hyslop Terry , Hwang E. Shelley 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundWe examined whether the National Comprehensive Cancer Network distress thermometer (DT), a patient‐reported outcome measure, could be used to identify levels and causes of distress associated with racial/ethnic disparities in time to care among patients with breast cancer.MethodsWe identified women aged ≥18 years with stage 0‐IV breast cancer who were diagnosed in a single health system between January 2014 and July 2016. The baseline visit was defined as the first postdiagnosis, pretreatment clinical evaluation. Zero‐inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression (modeling non‐zero DT scores and DT scores = 0) and logistic regression (modeling DT score ≥ 4, threshold for social services referral) were used to examine associations between baseline score (0 = none to 10 = extreme) and types of stressors (emotional, familial, practical, physical, spiritual) after adjustment for race/ethnicity and other characteristics. Linear regression with log transformation was used to identify predictors of time to evaluation and time to treatment.ResultsA total of 1029 women were included (median baseline DT score = 4). Emotional, physical, and practical stressors were associated with distress in both the ZINB and logistic models (all P < .05). Black patients (n = 258) were more likely to report no distress than Whites (n = 675; ZINB zero model odds ratio, 2.72; 95% CI, 1.68‐4.40; P < .001) despite reporting a similar number of stressors (P = .07). Higher DT scores were associated with shorter time to evaluation and time to treatment while being Black and having physical or practical stressors were associated with delays in both (all P < .05).ConclusionsPatient‐reported stressors predicted delays in time to care, but patient‐reported levels of distress did not, with Black patients having delayed time to care despite reporting low levels of distress. We describe anticipatory, culturally responsive strategies for using patient‐reported outcomes to address observed disparities.
Comprehensive map of visual projection neurons for processing ultraviolet information in the Drosophila brain
Authors: Tai Chu‐Yi , Chin An‐Lun , Chiang Ann‐Shyn 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe brain perceives visual information and controls behavior depending on its underlying neural circuits. How UV information is represented and processed in the brain remains poorly understood. In Drosophila melanogaster, UV light is detected by the R7 photoreceptor that projects exclusively into the medulla layer 6 (M6). Herein, we imaged 28,768 single neurons and identified 238 visual projection neurons linking M6 to the central brain. Based on morphology and connectivity, these visual projection neurons were systematically classified into 94 cell types belonging to 12 families. Three tracts connected M6 in each optic lobe to the central brain: One dorsal tract linking to the ipsilateral lateral anterior optic tubercle (L‐AOTU) and two medial tracts linking to the ipsilateral ventral medial protocerebrum (VMP) and the contralateral VMP. The M6 information was primarily represented in the L‐AOTU. Each L‐AOTU consisted of four columns that each contained three glomeruli. Each L‐AOTU glomerulus received inputs from M6 subdomains and gave outputs to a glomerulus within the ellipsoid body dendritic region, suggesting specific processing of spatial information through the dorsal pathway. Furthermore, the middle columns of the L‐AOTUs of both hemispheres were connected via the intertubercle tract, suggesting information integration between the two eyes. In contrast, an ascending neuron linked each VMP to all glomeruli in the bulb and the L‐AOTU, bilaterally, suggesting general processing of information through the ventral pathway. Altogether, these diverse morphologies of the visual projection neurons suggested multi‐dimensional processing of UV information through parallel and bilateral circuits in the Drosophila brain.
Five years into the Israeli National Diabetes Program – are we on the right track?
Authors: TAMIR Orly , AFEK Arnon , SHANI Mordechai , CAHN Avivit , RAZ Itamar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDiabetes mellitus poses major public health and economic challenges which necessitate national‐level intervention. The ultimate goal of the Israel National Diabetes Program is to ensure that all people with diabetes, or at high risk of developing diabetes, will live well and have access to high‐quality services that meet their individual needs. The integrated National Diabetes Program in Israel was established in 2014. Prevailing needs were identified and working groups assigned to delineate deficiencies and propose mode of action. Program leaders summarized and prioritized the needs, and identified main targets of action for the preliminary years. The program was achieved by a combined approach: top‐bottom, having the Director General of the Ministry of Health (MoH) personally involved, and bottom‐up, by routine meetings with representatives of the health organizations, clinical experts, patient representatives and other stakeholders. Main achievements during the first five years of the program included setting up a novel funding mechanism for diabetes prevention, substantiating the field of diabetes education in Israel, designing the infrastructure of diabetic foot care in Israel, updating the national health‐budget allocation formula with incentives to improve provision of services, and promoting a mandatory system for judgemental labelling of food products. The program is in progress with ongoing monitoring, evaluation and improvement with particular emphasis on translational learning. Although there is much to be done, diabetes care in Israel has taken an enormous step forward in the past five years.
Electrochemical Sensor for Detection of p‐Nitrophenol Based on Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles/α‐Cyclodextrin Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide
Authors: Solaem Akond Umme , Barman Koushik , Mahanta Abhinandan , Jasimuddin Sk. 
Published: November 2020

Abstractp‐Nitrophenol (p−NP) is a high priority toxic pollutant and that has harmful effects on human, animals and plants. Thus, the detection and determination of p−NP present in the environment is an urgent as well as highly important requisite. The present article, therefore focused on the construction of a novel electrochemical sensor based on NiO nanoparticles/α‐cyclodextrin functionalized reduced graphene oxide modified glassy carbon electrode (NiO−NPs‐α‐CD‐rGO‐GCE) for the selective and sensitive detection of p−NP. UV‐vis, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM), selected area electron diffraction pattern (SAED) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirms the formation of highly pure NiO nanoparticles. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were used to characterize the step‐wise electrode modification process. DPV was carried out to quantify p−NP within the concentration range of 1−10 μM and found the detection limit of 0.12 nM on the basis of the signal‐to‐noise ratio S/N=3. The electrode can able to detect different isomers of nitrophenols. Interferences of other pollutants such as phenol, p‐aminophenol, o‐ and m‐ nitrophenol, 4‐chlorophenol, 2,6‐dichlorophenol and ions like K+, Cd2+, Cl−, SO42−did not affect the sensing of p−NP. The newly developed sensor exhibited diffusion controlled kinetics and had excellent sensitivity, selectivity and reproducibility for the detection of p−NP. The electrode showed good recoveries in real sample analysis.
An intelligent passivity‐based backstepping approach for optimal control for grid‐connecting permanent magnet synchronous generator‐based tidal conversion system
Authors: Belkhier Youcef , Achour Abdelyazid 
Published: November 2020

SummaryTidal turbine systems‐based permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) has been largely investigated due to their higher efficiency, predictability, and high‐power density. However, parameter uncertainties and external disturbances make the controller design a challenging work. This study suggests a new adaptive fuzzy linear feedback passivity‐based backstepping control to solve the robustness problems faced by the conventional proportional‐integral (PI) controls in the machine‐side converter (MSC). The proposed controller design uses an energy‐based approach; therefore, its dependence on the system parameters is extremely reduced and avoids the cancellation of nonlinearities of the system. Then, the dynamic response is fast and efficient, and the asymptotic stability and the robustness of the conversion system are improved. The main objectives are the extraction of the maximum tidal power, feeding the electrical grid with only the active power, and regulating the DC voltage and the reactive power toward their references, whatever the disturbances caused by the PMSG behavior. The control strategy is tested under parameter variations, and the performances are compared to the conventional PI strategy. Numerical investigation under MATLAB/Simulink environment demonstrates that the proposed control solution provides a higher efficiency and robustness under parameter variations over conventional PI approach.
Location and orientation based LCOE: Simplified visual analysis and generalization of the levelized cost of electricity from storageless photovoltaic systems
Authors: Komilov Asliddin 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThis article describes a multidimensional visualization approach to the analysis of the levelized cost of energy (LCOE), which shows that the influence of a single parameter deviates with respect to different values of other parameters. It also demonstrates that the proportionality of the LCOE to the photovoltaic power output makes the same data set suitable for analyzing the dependence of LCOE on the location and orientation of the PV system (PVS). Conversion of the Photovoltaic Electricity Potential map into the LCOE‐map is demonstrated in the example of Uzbekistan. A method is presented, which simply converts the PV orientation‐dependent photovoltaic power output data into the PV orientation‐dependent LCOE data. The universal approach to calculate degrees of freedom for the azimuthal angle and inclination angle of the PV is demonstrated in the example of the LCOE minima fluctuations of 2%. The demonstrated methods can help decision making by initially assessing the potential for installing a PV system in various locations and reducing the balance of system (BOS) by integrating the system into a building, taking into account the orientation of the integrated surface, and its impact on electricity costs.
Effect of herbal formulation intake on health indices in albino Wistar rat model
Authors: Naseem Adila , Akhtar Saeed , Manzoor Muhammad Faisal , Sameen Aysha , Layla Anam , Afzal Khurram , Karrar Emad , Rahaman Abdul , Ismail Tariq , Ahmad Nazir , Siddeeg Azhari 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDyslipidemia management activity of ginger‐, garlic‐, and lemon‐based herbal mixture was tested as paste and herbal extract in hypercholesterolemic adult male albino rats. Atherogenic diet‐induced hypercholesterolemia in rats was treated by supplementing the diet with 2.5% herbal paste (4.2 g/kg b.w.) or 2.5 ml oral gavage (20 ml/kg b.w.) of liquid herbal extract daily for 42 days. Hematological and serological outcomes of herbal formulation feeding were compared with the cholesterol‐fed positive control and normal control. The results suggest the significant (p < .05) inhibitory properties of herbal paste and liquid extracts against dyslipidemia showing 31%–37%, 62%–68%, and 40%–56% lower levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), respectively. Treating cholesterol‐fed animals with herbal paste and extract significantly (p < .05) increased total protein (5–5.5 g/dl) and serum albumin (3.7–4.2 g/dl) concentration as compared to the normal control. Contrary to significant hypocholesterolemic activity, higher serum total bilirubin levels, that is, 0.70 mg/dl, were observed in rats subchronically exposed to herbal paste and liquid extracts. Nonsignificant (p > .05) impact of herbal formula feeding was observed on hematological indices except lymphocyte counts, that is, 93% in rats fed on herbal paste. The results validate conventional hypocholesterolemic claims associated with ginger‐, garlic‐, and lemon‐based herbal formulations; however, deeper insight into their dose‐dependent response in hypercholesterolemia is necessitated to rule out the toxicological impact on the consumer.
Role of resection of torus tubarius to maximize the endonasal exposure of the inferior petrous apex and petroclival area
Authors: Li Lifeng , London Nyall R. , Prevedello Daniel M. , Carrau Ricardo L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEndoscopic access to the petrous apex and petroclival region often requires sacrificing the Eustachian tube (ET). This study aimed to compare the maximum exposure of the petrous apex and petroclival region via an endonasal corridor when sparing or resecting the ET and its torus. Six cadaveric specimens (12 sides) were dissected through an endonasal transpterygoid approach. Endonasal exposure of the petroclival region was completed using techniques that included the preservation of the ET (group 1), resection of the torus tubarius (group 2), and resection of the ET (group 3) were sequentially performed on each side. The working distances from the anterior genu of the petrous internal carotid artery (ICA) to the inferior boundaries of each corridor were measured and compared. In group 1, the medial petrous apex and petroclival sulcus could be exposed with a working distance of 4.08 ± 0.67 mm. In group 2, the fossa of Rosenmüller, inferior petrous apex, and hypoglossal canal could be exposed, with a significantly increased working distance of 18.33 ± 0.89 mm (P = .001). In group 3, the exposure and ICA control was superior and offered a working distance of 20.67 ± 0.78 mm. No statistically significant difference derived from comparing groups 2 and 3 (P = .875). Resection of the torus tubarius can increase exposure of the petrous apex and petroclival region. It provides an alternative to resecting the ET, which might be beneficial for maintenance of middle ear function. ET resection, however, seems superior when ICA control is required.
Phenazine Radical Cations as Efficient Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Cross‐Dehydrogenative Aza‐Henry Reaction
Authors: Unglaube Felix , Hünemörder Paul , Guo Xuewen , Chen Zixu , Wang Dengxu , Mejía Esteban 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe redox activity of molecular phenazine catalysts has been previously exploited for aerobic oxidative amine homo‐ and cross‐coupling reactions. In this contribution, we have extended the reaction scope of this novel type of organocatalyst and used them in the cross‐dehydrogenative aza‐Henry coupling of isoquinolines with nitromethane under aerobic conditions. Additionally, we have designed and prepared a novel porous organic polymer by cross‐linking of tetrakis(4‐bromophenyl)silane and dihydrophenazine through Pd‐catalyzed Buchwald‐Hartwig cross‐coupling. This new type of heterogeneous catalyst, apart from being robust and easily reusable, also showed outstanding catalytic activities and improved selectivity compared to its molecular counterpart. A plausible reaction mechanism was proposed based on spectroscopic and kinetic measurements.
Magnetic micropolar nanofluids flow in double lid‐driven enclosures using two‐energy equation model
Authors: Raizah Zehba A. S. , Ahmed Sameh E. , Alrowaili Dalal , Mansour M. A. , Morsy Z. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractImpacts of an inclined electromagnetic force on a mixed convective process in two‐sided lid‐driven geometries using the two‐energy equation model are examined in this study. The flow domain is filled by a porous medium and the local thermal nonequilibrium model is applied. Magnetic micropolar nanofluids are assumed as working fluids consisting of water as a base fluid and CuO as nanoparticles. The forced convection situation is due to the moving of the upper and lower walls in the right direction with a constant velocity. The used methodology depends on the finite volume method, together with the SIMPLE algorithm. The obtained outcomes are visualized using contours of the streamlines, isotherms for the nanofluid phase, isotherms for the solid phase, and angular velocity. The main findings revealed that the increase in lengths of the heated parts and the Nield number reduces the Nusselt number for the nanofluid phase. Also, the average heat transfer rate for the nanofluid and solid phases are boosted with the increase in the vortex viscosity.
Robotic pancreatectomy for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas: A large‐scale study
Authors: Zhang Xiu‐Ping , Xu Shuai , Wang Yang , Wang Zi‐Zheng , Tan Xiang‐Long , Gao Yuan‐Xing , Zhao Guo‐Dong , Liu Qu , Zhao Zhi‐Ming , Liu Rong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundIntraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas is a mucin‐producing tumor that develops from the epithelial lining of the main pancreatic duct or branch pancreatic ducts. Here, we assessed the feasibility and safety of various robotic pancreatectomy approaches to treating IPMN, and short‐ and long‐term outcomes of robotic IPMN resection.MethodsData from patients who underwent robotic pancreatectomy for IPMN between 2012 and 2019 at our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The survival outcomes for patients were compared using the Kaplan‐Meier method and Cox regression analysis.ResultsOf the 174 patients who underwent robotic pancreatectomy, 120 and 54 patients had benign or malignant tumors, respectively. Patients with malignant IPMN had lost more weight in the 6 months prior to surgery (P = .008), and a higher serum level of CA19‐9 (P < .001) and CEA (P < .001). Postoperative pancreatic or biliary fistula occurred in 17 or 6 patients overall, respectively. The pathology of the IPMN (P = .030), tumor diameter (P = .016), mural nodule (P = .023), tumor capsule (P = .003) and CA19‐9 (P = .024) values were all independent risk factors for survival. The median OS time after surgical resection for the malignant IPMN group was 29.0 months (range, 21.6‐36.4). The OS was significantly different in patients with IPMN according to their different pathology, tumor capsule, mural nodule group, CA19‐9 level, or tumor diameter.ConclusionsThis large‐scale survey of 174 patients indicated that various robotic pancreatectomy approaches were feasible and safe for IPMN. Patients had an acceptable prognosis, indicating that robotic pancreatectomy represents a feasible potential therapeutic strategy for IPMN.
Fistula risk score‐adjusted comparison of postoperative pancreatic fistula following laparoscopic vs open pancreatoduodenectomy
Authors: Lee Boram , Yoon Yoo‐Seok , Kang Chang Moo , Choi Munseok , Lee Jun Suh , Hwang Ho Kyoung , Cho Jai Young , Lee Woo Jung , Han Ho‐Seong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate a risk‐adjusted comparison of clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula POPF (CR‐POPF) following laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD) vs open pancreatoduodenectomy (OPD) using the fistula risk score (FRS).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 579 patients who underwent LPD (n = 274) or OPD (n = 305) between 2012 and 2019 at two tertiary hospitals. Using the FRS, the risk was stratified into four categories; negligible, low, intermediate and high risk.ResultsThe median FRS was significantly higher in the LPD than in the OPD group (5.4 ± 1.2 vs 3.9 ± 1.8, P < .001). The overall incidence of CR‐POPF in the LPD vs OPD groups were 16.4% vs 17.7% (P = .187). When POPF risks were stratified by FRS, CR‐POPF following LPD vs OPD in patients with low risk (0% vs 6.3%, P = .294), intermediate risk (16.1% vs 22.9%, P = .053) and high risk (33.3% vs 27.3%, P = .577) were not significantly different.ConclusionDespite a higher risk score in the LPD group, the CR‐POPF was similar following both procedures in the unadjusted and FRS‐risk‐adjusted comparisons. The CR‐POPF was more significantly affected by patient risk factors such as the soft pancreas and small pancreatic duct.
Ultrasound Imaging Findings of Acute Testicular Infection in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Chen Liao , Huang Xin , Yi Zuohuizi , Deng Qing , Jiang Nan , Feng Chuangli , Zhou Qing , Sun Bin , Chen Wenwei , Guo Ruiqiang 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has become a global pandemic, raising widespread public health concerns. Our team treated hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 in Wuhan, where the outbreak first began, and we suspected that SARS‐CoV‐2 may cause testicular infection in male patients. We conducted this study to explore that observation.MethodsWe enrolled male patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID‐19 and performed a bedside ultrasound (US) examination of the scrotum, focused on findings of acute inflammation such as tunica albuginea thickening, enlargement and heterogeneous echogenicity of the testis, epididymis, or both, an abscess, scrotal wall edema, and hydrocele. Then we compared the proportions of observed epididymo‐orchitis in patients from different age groups and COVID‐19 severity groups.ResultsA total of 142 patients with COVID‐19 were enrolled in our study, and 32 (22.5%) patients had acute orchitis, epididymitis, or epididymo‐orchitis on scrotal US imaging, according to the diagnosis criteria. The observed risk of acute scrotal infection increased with age, with the incidence reaching 53.3% in men older than 80 years. We also observed that men with severe COVID‐19 had a significantly higher possibility of epididymo‐orchitis compared to the nonsevere COVID‐19 group (P = .037).ConclusionsThis study shows US imaging evidence that SARS‐CoV‐2 may cause infection of the testis or epididymis, and the risk is worthy of the attention of clinicians.