bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic Detection Method for Large-Volume Embedded Parts Based on Laser Scanning
Authors: Hu Xingyi , Hu Kaixin , Fan Hongbo , Yan Lupeng , Han Daguang , Ying Chunli 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The embedded part (EMP) is a structural form in a building and plays an important role in the fixation of a structural or a non-structural member. After the initial installation, the popular detection method of the EMPs is to use the total station for single-point diagnosis. Due to the difficulties in point-by-point measurement and feature points selecting, it is sophisticated to ensure accuracy and efficiency in the detection process of large-scale EMPs. In order to solve the above issues, this paper proposes an automatic panel detection method for EMPs: (1) 3D laser scanning is used to obtain the actual coordinates of EMPs; (2) Developed algorithm is made to match the coordinates between design and measured data to calculate construction error; (3) Further use of the optimization algorithm to adjust the attitude of the point cloud, minimize the construction error and give the adjustment guidance of EMPs. A case study indicates that the efficiency is improved by about five times compared to the total station technique, and the number of EMPs need to be adjusted is greatly reduced. This method is of great significance for the high-volume component precision installation project.
Applicability of Using Natural Fibers for Reinforcing Concrete
Authors: El-Nadoury Wegdan W. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The demand for applying sustainability in the construction industry increases the necessity of using natural materials in concrete production. Plant-based natural fibers are cost effective renewable materials which considered a potential way to support sustainable development in both urban and rural regions. This paper investigates the potential of using sugarcane bagasse, palm trunk and banana fibers as concrete reinforcement by determining the effect of different volume percentages of these fiber on the mechanical properties of concrete. The percentage of fiber used was 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% for sugarcane, 1%, 2%, and 3% for Palm Trunk, and 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, and 1% for banana. Results showed that the optimum value of sugarcane, and banana is 0.5%, 4% respectively. In addition, the addition of 1%, 2%, and 3% of palm trunk fiber improved the mechanical properties of concrete.
Preliminary Study on the Treatment of Benzene Contaminated Water using an Argon Microwave Plasma Jet
Authors: Casado Enrique , Garc María C. , Krawczyk Dorota A. , Rodero Antonio 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this work, the ability of a microwave induced plasma jet to treat water contaminated with benzene was investigated. It studies the formation of hydroxyl (OH) radicals by the plasma jet and reactions between benzene and these radicals, under different experimental conditions (including microwave power and treatment time). Products resulting from the interaction plasma-sample were identified and quantified using Gas Chromatography — Mass Spectrometry (CG-MS) analysis.
Anatomical Kidney Model Fabrication For Ultrasound Simulation Using Direct 3D Printing
Authors: Peng Lujie , Wang Shu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
With the advance of 3D printing technology showing improvements in increasing number of medical applications, there are more and more 3D kidney model printings emerging in the field. Material selection is an important aspect in 3D printing technology. Having compared many materials, Agilus30 was chosen as our final option due to its high printing accuracy, feasibility to be printed directly and desired ultrasound compatibility. ITK-SNAP 3.6.0, Seg3D and Netfabb2019 were used to segment structures in 3D medical images which were downloaded from embodi website, to smooth the model and to export the model to STL format file respectively. Eventually we printed a whole kidney in Agilus30 using Object500 Connex3 3D printer and two halves kidney in rigid resin using Anycubic 3D printer. Then we used X3-1 3Mhz probe image to get ultrasound result from the Agilus30 model in water to get outer structure and the rigid resin model in paraffin to get inner structure. After validating the result with that of a real kidney ultrasound image, we found the results are in good agreement.
Optical Simulation of Triangular Wired Grid Polarizer for Far Ultraviolet Applications
Authors: Zhao Zhuan , Tessarolo Enrico , Corso Alain J. , Pelizzo Maria G. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Polarimetric observations in the far ultraviolet (FUV) are very useful for us to understand the role played by the magnetic field of the coronal plasma in the energy transfer process from the inner parts of the sun to the outer space. To observe these processes there are various key spectral lines in the FUV, from which H I Lyman α (121.6 nm) is the strongest one. We designed and optimized a triangular wire grid polarizer (WGP) based on Al/MgF2 multilayer coatings to obtain high polarization with a simultaneous high Rs. As a result, at incidence angle of 50° and 60° whereas Rp was minimized, this model have a 99.98% and 99.99% degree of polarization with a Rs of 0.32 and 0.69 respectively.
Does MCWASP still follow Moore’s law? Forty years of advances in microstructure modeling
Authors: Rappaz M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Over the past forty years, the series of MCWASP conferences has been the witness of the fantastic developments in the field of modeling of welding and solidification processes. This has been made possible thanks to the exponential increase in computing power but also to the emergence of new numerical methods and tools. While the “size” of computer simulations reported in MCWASP proceedings continues to follow Moore’s law describing the evolution of computers power, the present contribution focuses on the evolution of microstructure modeling. In this respect, a major turning point is the introduction of the phase field (PF) method in the mid-90’s. While PF is still the method of choice for the direct simulation of microstructure formation, it is also very CPU intensive. Therefore, it did not replace and rather complement other coarser methods such as analytical micro-macro models, Cellular Automata coupled with Finite Elements (so-called CAFE approach), modified-CAFE methods, mesoscopic model based on a dendrite envelope or Dendritic Needle Network (DNN) model. Some of these models as well as PF are coupled with fluid flow models based either on standard Navier-Stokes or Lattice-Boltzmann solutions. In parallel to these developments, wonderful experimental tools have become available to complement and validate numerical simulations: in situ X-ray radiography and tomography, EBSD, atom probe, FIB, etc. Besides a review of the past forty years, the present contribution will outline future directions of research in the area of microstructure modeling.
The virtual core - modelling and optimization of core manufacturing and application
Authors: Thorborg J , Kumar S , Wagner I , Sturm J C 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Development and manufacturing of high quality cast parts with tight dimensional requirements depend to a large extent on the stability and application of the sand cores. The core-sand is based on a complex granular multi-material system, where curing of an organic or inorganic system bond the grains into a porous core. The chosen combination of sand and binder determines the thermo-mechanical properties of the core. The paper provides an overview of current modelling capabilities along the life cycle of sand cores. A detailed analysis of the production steps is presented as well as the resulting properties linked to the application in the casting process. Several questions and some answers are given to the understanding of core related defects and how simulation can bridge the gap between core production and application of cores in the casting process. Today, process simulation of sand core production is an accepted tool for core box design and prediction of robust production conditions. The first modelling step is core shooting where expanding air is the driving force for sand flow from a core shooting machine into the core box. Coupled two phase flow modelling of air and granular material is required to represent the process sufficiently. The final process step in core manufacturing is core curing and moisture transport where porous media gas flow modelling is applied. Phase transformations as well as the relevant transport phenomena and the complete heat balance in case of thermally controlled processes need to be considered. During casting the deformation of the bonded sand material is generally governed by thermal expansion, phase transformation and the location of core prints. For long thin walled cores, buoyancy forces due to density differences between the cast material and the bonded sand material can play an important role due to creep effects in the organic binder systems. For inorganic systems moisture content and moisture transport during casting are affecting the mechanical behaviour, such as bending strength. The paper presents a detailed overview of a recent implemented soil plasticity model which is calibrated for different binder systems and sand types. The data are based on comprehensive mechanical tests to provide temperature, moisture and time dependent input data for the shown examples. This includes new steps and future challenges in modelling the anisotropy of printed sand cores and digitalization of the foundry in general.
Solidification microstructure selection maps for laser powder bed fusion of multicomponent alloys
Authors: Mohammadpour P , Phillion A B 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Solidification Microstructure Selection (SMS) maps provide a simple yet effective approach to predict the non-equilibrium solidification microstructure and grain morphology during Additive Manufacturing. In this study, SMS maps have been created for the Inconel 625 (IN625) alloy processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF). Toward this end, theoretical solid growth models, a model of the Columnar to Equiaxed Transition (CET), interface response theory, thermal simulation results and computational thermodynamics are utilized. The predicted microstructures are compared both qualitatively and quantitatively to experimentally-obtained micrographs. The theoretical analysis was also compared to the earlier analytical calculation for Al-10Si-0.5Mg alloy to show how differences in thermophysical properties affect the microstructural predictions. The theoretical predictions are shown to be in good agreement with the experimental results in terms of the resulting microstructure and dendrite arm spacings. A discussion on the use of SMS maps, formed over a broad range of thermophysical conditions, to help guide industry in improving LPBF microstructure, is provided.
Resolving the effects of local convective heat transfer via adjustment of thermo-physical properties in pure heat conduction simulation of Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF)
Authors: Bayat M , Nadimpalli V K , Mohanty S , Hattel J H 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Numerical models, especially when validated against experimental findings, are valuable tools that can be used as a cheap and reliable alternative to the expensive and time-consuming experimental investigations. In the current work, a multiphysics model of laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) has been developed for stainless steel SS 316-L and validated against experimental findings. By configuring the model, the effects of the inverse Marangoni flow on the melt pool morphology and the heat and fluid flow conditions were analysed. It was shown that for high surface tension sensitivities, the total heat flux through the melt pool boundaries increases. The enhanced cooling will lead to a smaller melt pool size with larger depth to width ratio and causes a relatively uniform temperature field, which reduces the role of the conduction heat transfer. Furthermore, a Nusselt number was derived to quantify the role of the Marangoni effect on the convection heat transfer from the melt pool. This expression was used to calculate an effective thermal conductivity required for a modified pure conduction heat transfer calculation. It was shown that, via using a combination of the derived Nusselt number and the concept of the effective thermal conductivity, the average melt pool temperature determined from the modified pure conduction model gets very close to that of the more advanced CFD model.
Capturing Marangoni flow via synchrotron imaging of selective laser melting
Authors: Clark S J , Leung C L A , Chen Y , Sinclair L , Marussi S , Lee P D 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Marangoni flow has a substantial influence on the quality of components fabricated via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). However, Marangoni flow in melt pools is rarely quantified due to the opacity of liquid metals and the necessity for in situ evaluation. Here we report the findings of high-temporal-resolution synchrotron x-ray radiography experiments tracking the flow in the melt-pool. Dense, highly attenuating tungsten carbide particles are seeded within an elemental powder blend of aluminium and copper of varying composition. Due to the extremely high temporal resolution of greater than 50 kfps at the 31-ID-B beamline at the Advanced Photon Source, USA, we can track the position of tracer particles from frame to frame. This data provides valuable process guidance for optimising mixing and informs the development and validation of multiphysics models.
Melt pool morphology in directed energy deposition additive manufacturing process
Authors: Chen Y , Clark S , Leung A C L , Sinclair L , Marussi S , Atwood R , Connoley T , Jones M , Baxter G , Lee P D 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Directed Energy Deposition Additive Manufacturing (DED-AM) is one of the principal AM techniques being explored for both the repair of high value components in the aerospace industry as well as freeform fabrication of large metallic components. However, the lack of fundamental understanding of the underlying process-structure-property relationships hinders the utilisation of DED-AM for the production or repair of safety-critical components. This study uses in situ and operando synchrotron X-ray imaging to provide an improved fundamental understanding of laser-matter interactions and their influence on the melt pool geometry. Coupled with process modelling, these unique observations illustrate how process parameters can influence the DED-AM melt pool geometry. The calibrated simulation can be used for guidance in an industrial additive manufacturing process for microstructure and quality control.
Modelling viscoplastic behavior of solidifying shell under applied electromagnetic breaking during continuous casting
Authors: Vakhrushev A , Kharicha A , Wu M , Ludwig A , Nitzl G , Tang Y , Hackl G , Watzinger J , Rodrigues C M G 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Since several decades the continuous casting (CC) process became one of the dominant technologies for the metal production. The quality optimization and the production rate growth are the primary targets. Nowadays the numerical modelling is a valuable tool to assist in these aims. Moreover, it efficiently competes with the physical experiment and the industrial trials. One of the key issues with the high casting speeds especially for the thin slab products are the strong turbulent flow of the fresh melt being feed from the submerged entry nozzle (SEN) and the non-uniformity of the solidifying shell thickness. Thereby the electromagnetic braking (EMBr) is typically applied to damp the hot jets and to evenly redistribute the superheat. In the previous work it was shown by the authors that the presence of the highly conductive solid shell plays crucial role for the melt flow under the applied magnetic field. Excluding this interaction does not allow predicting the EMBr effects on the melt flow correctly during the solidification. Recently a viscoplastic deformation model was implemented to model a withdrawal of the solidified shell in a funnel type CC mold for a full 3D engineering geometry. An extended model was used to predict the macro-segregation during twin-roll casting of an Al-alloy using 2D assumption due to the large width / thickness ratio of the casted sheet. In the current study an effort is done to combine the viscoplastic deformation model of the solidified shell and the magnetohydrodynamics effects of the EMBr. The flow field alternation as well as the thickness of the solidified shell during CC are presented and analyzed with and without the magnetic field been applied.
Modelling of localised shrinkage pressure in a directionally solidifying domain
Authors: Nenchev B , Gill S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A novel approach to modelling shrinkage during solidification has been proposed. It combines Phase-field (PF) simulation with fluid mechanics for a solidifying medium. A mass balance method, based on a viscous creeping flow in two phases (liquid, solid and interface) with an applied penalisation coefficient is proposed. The role of this coefficient is to continually separate the fluid from the solid domain in correspondence to any change due to a phase transformation process. The advantage of the method is that the medium is modelled with no explicit tracking of the interface which significantly improves computational cost and the ease of implementation. This is achieved via the application of a monolithic ‘single-field’ formulation to the system of equations. The method has the potential to locally calculate shrinkage pressure by taking into account multiple parameters, including thermal gradient, permeability, viscosity and morphology.
Modeling mixed columnar-equiaxed solidification of Sn-10wt%Pb alloy under forced convection driven by travelling magnetic stirring
Authors: Zhang Z , Wu M , Zhang H , Karimi-Sibaki E , Ludwig A , Kharicha A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A mixed columnar-equiaxed solidification model was used to investigate the solidification benchmark experiments, as performed at SIMAP Laboratory. The first experiment case of the benchmark made under natural convection condition was successfully simulated previously. The current work is to simulate the second experiment case, i.e. the casting under travelling magnetic stirring (TMS) which is applied in the direction of natural convection to enhance the natural convection. Crystal fragmentation of columnar dendrites is assumed as the sole origin of equiaxed crystals. Through the analysis of the simulation results, deep understanding to the experimentally reported phenomena was achieved. In comparison to the first experiment case of pure natural convection condition, the TMS-enhanced convection provides a favorable condition for columnar-to-equiaxed transition (CET) by homogenizing the temperature distribution in the bulk liquid region, enhancing the fragmentation of the columnar secondary arms and the transport of the fragments to bulk liquid region. Contradicting with the previous knowledge, the TMS-enhanced convection in this experiment case does not enhance the global macrosegregation significantly. However, it strengthens the channel segregates.
Comparison of two-phase and three-phase macroscopic models of equiaxed grain growth in solidification of binary alloy with electromagnetic stirring
Authors: Wang T , Semenov S , Wang E , Delannoy Y , Fautrelle Y , Budenkova O 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Simulations of equiaxed solidification using two-phase and three-phase models are performed for the experimental benchmark AFRODITE with electromagnetic stirring. A three-phase model presented by authors elsewhere accounts for solid phase, inter- and extradendritic liquid phases. With respect to that model, the two-phase approach can be considered as reduced or simplified, yet, this implies also less number of assumptions regarding closure relations. In simulations, as expected, final segregation obtained with two–phase model is stronger, yet, it is qualitatively similar to the segregation pattern obtained with three-phase model.
Predicting the interfacial heat transfer coefficient of cast Mg-Al alloys using Beck’s inverse analysis
Authors: Bilal M U , Hort N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Apart from many governing parameters, the interfacial heat transfer coefficient (IHTC) has prime importance for the numerical simulation of casting as it quantifies the heat flux between casting and mold (or chill). Most Mg alloys are based on the Mg-Al system and casting is the commonly used production process. The experimental configuration makes it challenging to measure flux and surface temperatures required to evaluate the IHTC. In this study, the IHTC was predicted for a variety of Mg-Al compositions which were cast using a permanent cylindrical mold. Unidirectional heat flow was ensured in order to replicate the experimental conditions for solving the one-dimensional transient heat equation. The numerically determined mold and surface temperatures, using Beck’s inverse methodology, were in good agreement with the experiments and analytical solution, respectively. Moreover, the heat transfer behavior across the interface depicted in the form of IHTC was analyzed, also various empirical and numerical aspects of the method are discussed.
Permeability tensor for various columnar dendrite structures
Authors: Mitsuyama Y , Takaki T , Sakane S , Shibuta Y , Ohno M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Permeability is a very important parameter determining fluid dynamics in macroscale casting simulations. For a columnar solidification structure, the permeability has anisotropy and becomes a tensor quantity. In our previous study, we proposed a permeability tensor and confirmed its validity. In this study, the applicability of the permeability tensor is shown through a series of permeability computations that are conducted for some columnar dendritic structures with different morphologies.
Modelling of an industrial die casting process for the production of aluminum automotive parts
Authors: Ou J , Wei C , Maijer D , Cockcroft S , A L , Zhang Y , Chen Z , Zhu Z 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Die (permanent) casting is one of the major manufacturing processes for aluminum automotive parts thanks to its ability to provide a good balance between mechanical performance and production efficiency. In the die casting industry, computational modelling has been widely adopted to analyze, troubleshoot and optimize die design and process parameters. In this work, a computational modelling methodology including key process boundary conditions and material properties has been developed to simulate an industrial die casting process of an aluminum automotive part. It has been demonstrated that the model is accurate and robust with respect to temperature and defect prediction by comparison with a large amount of high-quality plant-trial data. The data was acquired from an in-house designed data acquisition system (DAQ) connected to an instrumented die and industrial production equipment in a production facility.