bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How can we best use opportunities provided by routine maternity care to engage women in improving their diets and health?
Authors: Lawrence Wendy , Vogel Christina , Strömmer Sofia , Morris Taylor , Treadgold Bethan , Watson Daniella , Hart Kate , McGill Karen , Hammond Julia , Harvey Nicholas C. , Cooper Cyrus , Inskip Hazel , Baird Janis , Barker Mary 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPregnancy provides motivation for women to improve their diets and increase their physical activity. Opportunistic brief interventions delivered as part of routine primary care have produced improvements in patients' health behaviour. Consequently, there have been calls for midwives to use contacts during pregnancy in this way. This study explored the experiences of pregnant women and research midwives/nurses of a brief intervention called Healthy Conversation Skills (HCS) being delivered as part of a randomised control trial, assessing the acceptability and feasibility of including this intervention in routine maternity care. Three research questions were addressed using mixed methods to produce four datasets: face‐to‐face interviews with participants, a focus group with the HCS‐trained midwives/nurses, case reports of participants receiving HCS and audio‐recordings of mid‐pregnancy telephone calls to the women which produced midwife/nurse HCS competency scores. Midwives/nurses used their HCS to support women to make plans for change and set goals. Women welcomed the opportunity to address their own health and well‐being as distinct from that of their baby. Midwives/nurses were competent in using the skills and saw healthy conversations as an effective means of raising issues of diet and physical activity. Recent extension of maternity appointment times provides ideal opportunities to incorporate a brief intervention to support behaviour change. Incorporating HCS training into midwifery education and continuing professional development would facilitate this. HCS is a scalable, brief intervention with the potential to improve the diets and physical activity levels of women during pregnancy, and hence the health of themselves and their babies.
Whole‐plant optimality predicts changes in leaf nitrogen under variable CO2 and nutrient availability
Authors: Caldararu Silvia , Thum Tea , Yu Lin , Zaehle Sönke 
Published: November 2019

Summary

Vegetation nutrient limitation is essential for understanding ecosystem responses to global change. In particular, leaf nitrogen (N) is known to be plastic under changed nutrient limitation. However, models can often not capture these observed changes, leading to erroneous predictions of whole‐ecosystem stocks and fluxes.
We hypothesise that an optimality approach can improve representation of leaf N content compared to existing empirical approaches. Unlike previous optimality‐based approaches, which adjust foliar N concentrations based on canopy carbon export, we use a maximisation criterion based on whole‐plant growth, and allow for a lagged response of foliar N to this maximisation criterion to account for the limited plasticity of this plant trait. We test these model variants at a range of Free‐Air CO2 Enrichment and N fertilisation experimental sites.
We show that a model based solely on canopy carbon export fails to reproduce observed patterns and predicts decreasing leaf N content with increased N availability. However, an optimal model which maximises total plant growth can correctly reproduce the observed patterns.
The optimality model we present here is a whole‐plant approach which reproduces biologically realistic changes in leaf N and can thereby improve ecosystem‐level predictions under transient conditions.
Pluronic F‐127: An Efficient Delivery Vehicle for 3‐(1'‐hexyloxy)ethyl‐3‐devinylpyropheophorbide‐a (HPPH or Photochlor)
Authors: Cacaccio Joseph , Durrani Farukh , Cheruku Ravindra R. , Borah Ballav , Ethirajan Manivannan , Tabaczynski Walter , Pera Paula , Missert Joseph R. , Pandey Ravindra K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTo determine the impact of delivery vehicles in photosensitizing efficacy of HPPH, a hydrophobic photosensitizer was dissolved in various formulations: 1% Tween 80/5% dextrose, Pluronic P‐123 and Pluronic F‐127 in 0.5%, 1% and 2% phosphate buffer solutions (PBS). HPPH was also conjugated to Pluronic F‐127, and the resulting conjugate (PL‐20) was formulated in PBS. Among the different delivery vehicles, only Pluronic P‐123 displayed significant vehicle cytotoxicity, whereas Pluronic F127 was nontoxic. Compared to PL‐20, HPPH formulated in Tween80 and Pluronic F‐127 showed higher cell‐uptake, but lower long‐term retention in Colon26 cell compared to PL‐20. The higher retention of PL‐20 was similarly observed during in vivo uptake with BALB/c mice baring Ct26 tumors. In contrast to the in vitro uptake experiments, PL‐20 showed slightly higher uptake compared to HPPH formulated in Tween or Pluronic‐F127. A significant difference in pharmacokinetic profile was also observed between the HPPH‐Pluronic formulation and PL‐20. Under similar in vivo treatment parameters (drug dose 0.47 µmol kg−1, light dose: 135 J cm−2 at 24 h post‐injection of PS), HPPH formulated either in Tween or Pluronic F‐127 formulation showed similar in vivo PDT efficacy (20–30% tumor cure on day 60), whereas PL‐20 showed 40% tumor cure (day 60).
Evaluative conditioning affects the subsequent acquisition of differential fear conditioning as indexed by electrodermal responding and stimulus evaluations
Authors: Lipp Ottmar V. , Luck Camilla C. , Muir Alana C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIt is currently unclear whether the acquisition of negative stimulus valence in evaluative and fear conditioning paradigms is interrelated or independent. The present study used a transfer paradigm to address this question. Three groups of participants were trained in a picture‐picture evaluative conditioning paradigm before completing acquisition of differential fear conditioning using graphical shapes as conditional stimuli (CSs). In group congruent, the shape used as CS+ (paired with the US during fear conditioning) was paired with negative pictures, whereas the shape used as CS− (presented alone during fear conditioning) was paired with positive pictures. In group incongruent, the shape used as CS+ was paired with positive pictures, whereas the shape used as CS− was paired with negative pictures. In group different, different shapes were employed in evaluative and fear conditioning. Acquisition of differential electrodermal responses emerged within fewer acquisition trials in groups congruent and different than in group incongruent. Transfer of evaluative learning across paradigms was evident only after removal of participants who failed to display evaluative conditioning. The current research indicates that stimulus valence acquired during evaluative conditioning transfers to fear conditioning and will differentially affect the acquisition of fear learning as indexed by subjective evaluations and electrodermal responses. The findings suggest that evaluative and fear conditioning are not independent.
The mindful attention and awareness scale is associated with lower levels of high‐frequency heart rate variability in a laboratory context
Authors: Watford Tanya S. , O’Brien William H. , Koerten Hannah R. , Bogusch Leah M. , Moeller Mary T. , Sonia Singh R. , Sims Tracy E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTrait mindfulness has been associated with well‐being. A key component of trait mindfulness is intentional attention and awareness which is most commonly measured by the Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale (MAAS). This study investigated the relationship between the MAAS and cardiovascular (HF‐HRV, heart rate) reactivity to two laboratory stressors that evoked different patterns of change in heart rate (HR). One stressor (viewing a video of a surgery) evoked HR deceleration while the other stressor (mental arithmetic) evoked HR acceleration. Undergraduate students completed the MAAS and were then exposed to the two stressors while ECG (electrocardiography) was recorded. Findings support the reliability of the stressors to induce expected differential cardiovascular responses and explicate the role of parasympathetic activation. Further, a main effect for MAAS was observed indicating that across laboratory conditions, persons scoring higher on the MAAS had lower HF‐HRV relative to persons scoring lower on the MAAS. These findings suggest that higher levels of intentional attention and awareness in a laboratory context might promote parasympathetic withdrawal because these participants were more vigilant, experienced higher cognitive load, and detected more threat cues. Implications for the MAAS and cardiovascular responses to stress are discussed.
Corpus luteum vascularization during the maternal recognition of pregnancy in llamas (Lama glama)
Authors: Gallelli Maria Florencia , Bianchi Carolina , Zampini Enzo , Trasorras Virginia , Gambarotta Mariana , Miragaya Marcelo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to characterize corpus luteum vascularization and its association with plasma progesterone concentration in early stages of pregnancy, when maternal recognition of pregnancy is expected to occur. In all animals, both plasma progesterone concentration and corpus luteum vascularization increased from Day 6 to Day 8 post‐mating and afterwards in non‐pregnant llamas they started to decrease to reach basal levels around Days 12 to 14 post‐mating, while in pregnant animals, both variables remained elevated until the end of the study. A lineal positive relationship between corpus luteum vascularization and plasma progesterone concentration was observed in pregnant (r2 = .46,p < .0001) and non‐pregnant llamas (r2 = .66,p < .0001). Pregnant animals showed higher plasma progesterone concentration and corpus luteum vascularization than the non‐pregnant ones from Day 12 post‐mating until the end of the study (p ˂ .05 andp ˂ .01, respectively). These results suggest that maternal recognition of pregnancy should occur before Day 12 post‐mating in order to expand luteal lifespan, maintaining corpus luteum vascularization and progesterone production. Also, the assessment of CL vascularization area could be a useful and non‐invasive method for early pregnancy diagnosis due to its association with plasma progesterone concentration.
Governance Arrangements for Transboundary Issues: Lessons from the Food Waste Programs of Italian Regions
Authors: Righettini Maria Stella , Lizzi Renata 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFocusing on transboundary issues contributes to highlighting how new governance modes can emerge from increasing interdependence and complexity in public policies. This article analyzes food waste as a transboundary issue that cuts across different policy subsystems (PSs), intersects multiple levels of government, and calls into question consolidated policy making for new modes of governance. The analytical framework provides a multidimensional approach and a new typology of governance arrangements to be used in empirical research. Evidence from an Italian case study and an empirical investigation of 20 regional food waste programs shows that regions can adopt different driving ideas and can activate a variety of governance arrangements and differentiated, as well as viable, modes of integration between consolidated PSs. The article argues that different tool mixes combined with different levels of governance complexity may lead to a variety of governance arrangements and a differentiated likelihood of policy integration.
Analysis of the accuracy on computing nominal stress in a biaxial test for arteries
Authors: Cilla M. , Corral A. V. , Peña J. A. , Peña E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBiaxial tests are commonly used to investigate the mechanical behaviour of anisotropic soft biological tissues such as cardiovascular tissues. However, there is still no clear understanding of the influence that the biaxial test set‐up conditions may have on the computing material stress of the experimental results. The aim of the present study is to further investigate the accuracy of calculated material stress from measured force during biaxial tests using finite element methods (FEM). The biaxial mechanical response of ascending aorta and pulmonary artery tissue samples was obtained by FEM simulation under two different gripping methods: (a) a system with noodle clamps and (b) a clamped system with needles which leave the specimen's edges free to expand laterally.The results show that the clamped method whose joints allow free movement in the lateral direction produces stresses closer to the universally accepted formulation of biaxial material stress in the central region. However, the system with noodle clamps, commonly used to grip the sample, produces an alteration of the measurement stresses. Our simulations show results giving an inaccurate estimation of the stress at the centre of the sample. In some cases, the stresses are overestimated and in others underestimated depending on the anisotropy of the sample. We can conclude that the clamped system with needles which leave the specimen's edges free to expand laterally should be used as an efficient methodology to other commonly used gripping methods for biological tissues with anisotropic materials.
Discovery of salicyl benzoate UDP‐glycosyltransferase, a central enzyme in poplar salicinoid phenolic glycoside biosynthesis
Authors: Fellenberg Christin , Corea Oliver , Yan Lok‐Hang , Archinuk Finn , Piirtola Eerik‐Mikael , Gordon Harley , Reichelt Michael , Brandt Wolfgang , Wulff Jeremy , Ehlting Jürgen , Peter Constabel C. 
Published: November 2019

SUMMARYThe salicinoids are anti‐herbivore phenolic glycosides unique to the Salicaceae (Populus and Salix). They consist of a salicyl alcohol glucoside core, which is usually further acylated with benzoic, cinnamic or phenolic acids. While salicinoid structures are well known, their biosynthesis remains enigmatic. Recently, two enzymes from poplar, salicyl alcohol benzoyl transferase and benzyl alcohol benzoyl transferase, were shown to catalyze the production of salicyl benzoate, a predicted potential intermediate in salicinoid biosynthesis. Here, we used transcriptomics and co‐expression analysis with these two genes to identify two UDP‐glucose‐dependent glycosyltransferases (UGT71L1 and UGT78M1) as candidate enzymes in this pathway. Both recombinant enzymes accepted only salicyl benzoate, salicylaldehyde and 2‐hydroxycinnamic acid as glucose acceptors. Knocking out the UGT71L1 gene by CRISPR/Cas9 in poplar hairy root cultures led to the complete loss of salicortin, tremulacin and tremuloidin, and a partial reduction of salicin content. This demonstrated that UGT71L1 is required for synthesis of the major salicinoids, and suggested that an additional route can lead to salicin. CRISPR/Cas9 knockouts for UGT78M1 were not successful, and its in vivo role thus remains to be determined. Although it has a similar substrate preference and predicted structure as UGT71L1, it appears not to contribute to the synthesis of salicortin, tremulacin and tremuloidin, at least in roots. The demonstration of UGT71L1 as an enzyme of salicinoid biosynthesis will open up new avenues for the elucidation of this pathway.
The hybrid protein interactome contributes to rice heterosis as epistatic effects
Authors: Li Hong , Jiang Shuqin , Li Chen , Liu Lei , Lin Zechuan , He Hang , Deng Xing‐Wang , Zhang Ziding , Wang Xiangfeng 
Published: November 2019

SummaryHeterosis is the phenomenon in which hybrid progeny exhibits superior traits in comparison with those of their parents. Genomic variations between the two parental genomes may generate epistasis interactions, which is one of the genetic hypotheses explaining heterosis. We postulate that protein−protein interactions specific to F1 hybrids (F1‐specific PPIs) may occur when two parental genomes combine, as the proteome of each parent may supply novel interacting partners. To test our assumption, an inter‐subspecies hybrid interactome was simulated by in silico PPI prediction between rice japonica (cultivar Nipponbare) and indica (cultivar 9311). Four‐thousand, six‐hundred and twelve F1‐specific PPIs accounting for 20.5% of total PPIs in the hybrid interactome were found. Genes participating in F1‐specific PPIs tend to encode metabolic enzymes and are generally localized in genomic regions harboring metabolic gene clusters. To test the genetic effect of F1‐specific PPIs in heterosis, genomic selection analysis was performed for trait prediction with additive, dominant and epistatic effects separately considered in the model. We found that the removal of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with F1‐specific PPIs reduced prediction accuracy when epistatic effects were considered in the model, but no significant changes were observed when additive or dominant effects were considered. In summary, genomic divergence widely dispersed between japonica and indica rice may generate F1‐specific PPIs, part of which may accumulatively contribute to heterosis according to our computational analysis. These candidate F1‐specific PPIs, especially for those involved in metabolic biosynthesis pathways, are worthy of experimental validation when large‐scale protein interactome datasets are generated in hybrid rice in the future.
Tectonic transition from oceanic subduction to continental collision: New geochemical evidence from Early-Middle Triassic mafic igneous rocks in southern Liaodong Peninsula, east-central China
Authors: Fang Wei , Dai Li-Qun , Zheng Yong-Fei , Zhao Zi-Fu , Ma Li-Tao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn contrast to the widespread occurrence of mafic arc magmatism during oceanic subduction, there is a general lack of such magmatism during continental subduction. This paradigm is challenged by the discovery of Early-Middle Triassic mafic igneous rocks from the southeastern margin of the North China Block (NCB), which was subducted by the South China Block (SCB) during the Triassic. Zircon U-Pb dating for these mafic rocks yields 247 ± 2–244 ± 5 Ma for their emplacement, coeval with the initial collision between the two continental blocks. These Triassic mafic rocks generally exhibit ocean island basalt (OIB)-like trace element distribution patterns, intermediate (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios of 0.7057–0.7091, weakly negative εNd(t) values of –1.2 to –3.8, and εHf(t) values of –1.3 to –3.2. Such geochemical features indicate origination from a metasomatic mantle source with involvement of felsic melts derived from dehydration melting of the previously subducting Paleo-Tethyan oceanic crust. The syn-magmatic zircons of Triassic age show variable Hf-O isotopic compositions, indicating that the crustal component was composed of both altered basaltic oceanic crust and terrigenous sediment. High Fe/Mn and Zn/Fe ratios suggest that the mantle source would mainly consist of ultramafic pyroxenites. The melt-mobile incompatible trace elements were further fractionated relative to melt-immobile trace elements during partial melting of these pyroxenites, giving rise to basaltic melts with OIB-like geochemical signatures. The mafic magmatism may be caused by tectonic extension due to rollback of the subducting Paleo-Tethyan oceanic slab in response to the initial collision of the NCB and SCB in the Early Triassic. Therefore, the syn-subduction mafic magmatism provides new geochemical evidence for tectonic transition from oceanic subduction to continental collision in east-central China.
Changes in rates of early exclusive breast feeding in South Africa from 2010 to 2013: data from three national surveys before and during implementation of a change in national breastfeeding policy
Authors: Jackson Debra , Swanevelder Sonja , Doherty Tanya , Lombard Carl , Bhardwaj Sanjana , Goga Ameena 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveBetween 1998 and 2009 reported exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rates in South African infants, aged 0–6 months, ranged from 6.2% to 25.7%. In 2011, the National Minister of Health shifted policy to promote ‘exclusive’ breast feeding for all women in South Africa irrespective of HIV status (Tshwane Declaration of Support for Breastfeeding in South Africa). This analysis examines early EBF prior to and through implementation of the declaration.SettingData from the three South Africa national, cross-sectional, facility-based surveys, conducted in 2010, 2011–12 and 2012–13, were analysed. Primary health facilities (n=580) were randomly selected after a stratified multistage probability proportional-to-size sampling to provide valid national and provincial estimates.ParticipantsA national sample of all infants attending their 6 weeks vaccination at selected facilities. The number of caregiver-infant pairs enrolled were 10 182, 10 106 and 9120 in 2010, 2011–12, and 2012–13, respectively.Primary outcome measureExclusive breast feeding as measured using structured 24 hours recall plus prior 7 days (8 days inclusive prior to day interview) and WHO definition.ResultsThe adjusted OR comparing EBF prevalence in 2011–12 and 2012–13 with 2010 were 2.08 and 5.51, respectively. Mothers with generally higher socioeconomic status, HIV-positive, unplanned pregnancy, primipara, postcaesarean delivery, resided in certain provinces and women who did not receive breastfeeding counselling had significantly lower odds of EBF.ConclusionWith what seemed to be an intransigently low EBF rate since 1998, South Africa saw an increase in early EBF for infants aged 4–8 weeks from 2010 to 2013, coinciding with a major national breastfeeding policy change. These increases were seen across all provinces and subgroups, suggesting a population-wide effect, rather than an increase in certain subgroups or locations. While these increases in EBF were significant, the 59.1% prevalence is still below desired levels of early EBF. Further improvements in EBF programmes are needed.