bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Editorial
Authors: Reyes Guzman Sebastian Camilo 
Published: October 2020

La revista Criterios. Cuadernos de Ciencias Jurídicas y Política Internacional, se enfrenta a nuevos retos y desafíos significativos, en el marco de su proceso de renovación y reinvención como espacio dialógico de confluencia académica, investigativa y reflexiva. En ese sentido, Criterios, buscará constituirse como un medio para visibilizar las discusiones sobre problemáticas sociales, políticas, culturales y económicas desde perspectivas críticas, suscitará la implementación de nuevas prácticas investigativas, pedagógicas y relacionales, como mecanismos para la trasformación y generación de nuevo conocimiento, y, apelará a los escenarios discursivos donde converjan las Relaciones Internacionales, la Ciencia Política y el Derecho, desarrollando debates y análisis concienzudos de fenómenos contemporáneos, de alto interés e impacto para el tejido social. Este prolijo camino se desarrollará de acuerdo con todos los parámetros, exigencias y estándares de calidad, plasmados en la Politica Editorial de la Revista.
Movimiento indígena y agenda reivindicativa en las reformas estatales: una perspectiva comparada de la experiencia en Bolivia y Colombia, 1970-2005
Authors: Cabezas Mora Adriana Marcela 
Published: October 2020

En este artículo se analiza la experiencia de movilización indígena en Bolivia y Colombia desde los años setenta hasta la consolidación de una agenda indígena reivindicativa en los procesos constituyentes en estos países. Se busca identificar las condiciones que fungen como detonantes de lo que diversos autores denominan la politización étnica» como un cuestionamiento radical a la visión monista del Estado. Se contemplan tres elementos explicativos en la movilización social: liderazgos indígenas, agenda reivindicativa y contexto de oportunidad política. Se plantea como tesis que el tránsito indígena de actor social a político fue posible gracias al repertorio de acción colectiva que incubó un terreno político-institucional propicio para impulsar reformas.
Palabras clave:Movimientos sociales, liderazgos, indígenas, repertorio de acción, pluralismo, identidad, contexto de oportunidad.
Hydrodynamic modelling and model sensitivities to bed roughness and bathymetry offset in a micro-tidal estuary
Authors: Khanarmuei Mohammadreza , Suara Kabir , Sumihar Julius , Brown Richard J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTidal estuaries support everyday functions for over 80% of Australia's population living within 50 km of the coastline and thus come under immense pressure of physicochemical changes. Most studies in estuarine applications have used the bed roughness as the single calibration parameter to calibrate hydrodynamic modelling, yet errors in bathymetric data can significantly impose uncertainties into the model outputs. In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity of a hydrodynamic model of a micro-tidal estuary to both the bed roughness and bathymetry offset through comparing observed and modelled water level and velocity. Treating both bathymetry offset and bed roughness as calibration parameters, three calibration scenarios were tested to examine the impact of these parameters. To validate the model, Lagrangian drifter data as a new dataset in shallow estuaries were used. The analysis shows that model outputs are more sensitive to the variation of bathymetry offset than bed roughness. Results show that calibrating the bathymetry offset alone can significantly improve model performance. Simultaneous calibration of both parameters can provide further improvement, particularly for capturing the water level. Drifter and modelled velocities are highly correlated during flood tides, whereas the correlation is low for slack water because of wind-induced current on drifters.
Determination of log removal values of bacteria by spiral-wound reverse osmosis modules and a hollow fiber ultrafiltration module using Escherichia coli and indigenous heterotrophic bacteria as indicators
Authors: Ohkouchi Yumiko , Ase Tomonobu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The use of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes has been expanding not only to medical applications but also to water supply and reclaimed water applications due to its strong ability to remove a wide range of contaminants. Many researchers reported RO performance as a barrier against waterborne viruses; however, there are limited reports on its ability to remove bacteria from water. This investigation evaluated the removal performances of several spiral-wound RO modules and a hollow fiber ultrafiltration (UF) module in two different ways: dosing tests in batch-wise mode operation and in continuous-mode operation. The dosing tests of Escherichia coli using RO modules confirmed that E. coli could leak from the feed-side into the permeate. The log removal values (LRVs) (4.21- to &gt;7.44-log10) by the RO modules from different production lots were found to vary greatly. In continuous-mode operation of the RO module, the LRVs for indigenous heterotrophic bacteria decreased over the operation period. These results clearly illustrate that bacteria, which originate on the feed-side, can leak into the permeate-side and then begin to proliferate in the permeate. On the other hand, using a UF module, E. coli was not detected in the permeate regardless of the operation mode.
Study on optimal start-up time and water usage volume of blowdown residue discharge of mesh filter
Authors: Shi Kai , Liu Zhenji , Xie Yan , Li Man 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The water volume used for blowdown of a mesh filter is one of the important indicators to evaluate the economic benefit of a mesh filter. The amount of water used for drainage of the mesh filter can be controlled by setting the start-up time of the blowdown residue discharge of the mesh filter. Through the indoor prototype test, the sediment of the Manas riverbed in Xinjiang, China, was used as the filter medium to test the mesh filter and analyze the water usage volume at each stage. The test focused on the analysis of the trend of the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the mesh filter over the filtration time. The results showed that as the filtration time was prolonged, the inlet and outlet pressure difference of the mesh filter showed an S-shaped curve with time. The pressure difference between the inlet and outlet can be divided into four stages, i.e., the start of filtering to the first inflection point of the abrupt change in the pressure difference, the first inflection point of the abrupt pressure difference change to the median point of filtering, the median point of filtering to the second inflection point of the abrupt change in the pressure difference, and the second inflection point of the abrupt pressure difference change to the end of filtering. At the same time, the water usage volume for blowdown was calculated under various working conditions. This paper analyzed the start-up time of blowdown at three different time points, i.e., after the completion of the entire filtration cycle of the traditional mesh filter, at the first inflection point of pressure difference, and at the second inflection point of pressure difference. The tests were performed under the condition that the filtration cycle of the mesh filter was ten days. The results have shown that compared with the traditional screen filter that starts the blowdown at the end of the entire filtration cycle, starting the blowdown at the first inflection point of pressure difference can save 200–300 m3 of water resources for a single mesh filter, and starting the blowdown at the second inflection point of pressure difference can save 30–90 m3 of water resources for a single mesh filter. Meanwhile, the working conditions in the analyses in this paper were consistent with the actual engineering operating conditions. It is recommended that the mesh filter in the micro-irrigation system use the first inflection point of pressure difference to control the start-up time of the blowdown residue discharge, which can not only save water resources, but also ensure that the mesh filter runs at the optimal filtering conditions.
A review on harvesting and harnessing rainwater: an alternative strategy to cope with drinking water scarcity
Authors: Khanal Ghanashyam , Thapa Anusha , Devkota Niranjan , Paudel Udaya Raj 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Currently available sources of water face extreme pressures around the globe because of oblivious human activities as well as changing climate. The rainwater harvesting system (RWHS) carries a huge potential to enhance surface and groundwater resources in regions having a poor water supply. Recently, several countries have started to promote the updated implementation of such practice to tackle the problem of growing water demand. These considerations motivated our enthusiasm for looking at its current circumstances and the possibility of RWHS in the future. In this regard, the study aims to identify the evidence gap among different determinants (climate change, reliability, water quality and financial viability) intertwined with RWHS. In the paper, studies related to the significance of RWHS amidst scarcity of water around the globe, published in valued journals from 2000 to 2020, are reviewed. We found that the RWHS becomes economically viable when certain steps and risk assessment methods are executed in planning and maintaining this system. The study concludes that drinking water sufficiency is possible if a sustainable drinking water supply system is built via RWHS.
Water reuse: dairy effluent treated by a hybrid anaerobic biofilm baffled reactor and its application in lettuce irrigation
Authors: Santos K. A. , Gomes T. M. , Rossi F. , Kushida M. M. , Del Bianchi V. L. , Ribeiro R. , Alves M. S. M. , Tommaso G. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
There is a synergy between the large quantities of organics-rich effluents generated by the dairy industry and the continually increasing water needs for crop irrigation. In this sense, this study aimed at evaluating the effect of decreasing the hydraulic retention time (HRT) on the stability and efficiency of a hybrid anaerobic biofilm baffled reactor (HABBR) treating simulated fat- and salt-rich dairy wastewater, followed by its agricultural reuse. The reactor was monitored over 328 days, during which 72, 24, and 12 h were the hydraulic detention times. After achieving steady-state, the reactor presented organic matter removal greater than 90% and produced biogas with 41 ± 23%, 53 ± 3%, and 64 ± 12% of methane for HRTs of 72, 24, and 12 h, respectively. The best process performance was observed for an HRT of 24 h, and thus, a lettuce culture was irrigated with the treated effluent. The irrigation was performed in five different treatments, for which the amount of treated effluent added to tap water varied from 0 to 100%. Both the effluent and the harvested vegetables were evaluated for microbial contamination. Apart from the 75% effluent supply condition, there were no losses in leaf mass or area observed; instead, there was an increase of these parameters for the 25% and 50% effluent supply treatment. The use of dairy effluent treated by the HABBR allowed for microbiologically safe food production. Therefore, the process offered both potential cost reduction for fertilizers, preservation of water resources, and a renewable energy source.
Simulate permeable reactive barrier by using a COMSOL model and comparison with the Thomas, Yoon–Nelson and Clark models for CR dye remediation by composite adsorbent (sewage and waterworks sludge)
Authors: Faraj Samara Saad , Alkizwini Rasha Salah , Al Juboury Maad F. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The remediation of Congo Red (CR) dye by the synthetic sorbent composited from sewage and waterworks sludge was studied in batch and continuous experiments. The continuous experiments studied the composite synthetic after mixing with composite synthetic sorbent filter (CSF) glass waste to increase the hydraulic conductivity of the permeable reactive barrier (PRB). The synthetic composite sorbent was characterised by the nitrogen adsorption–desorption tests, field emission-scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. For evaluating the batch tests, the variable conditions of initial concentration, solution pH, agitation time and agitation speed were studied. The synthetic sorbent showed a high ability to remove the CR from a contaminated water, with maximum sorbent uptake equal to 9,469.211 mg/g and composite adsorbent-filter CSF equal to 4,415.946 mg/g. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model governed the adsorption process. The column tests showed the highest reactivity, with 50:50 weight ratios of the adsorbent to filter glass waste. The experiments were done with different concentrations of CR and different bed heights of CSF as the PRB for 90 days. There was a delay in the breakthrough time when decreasing the contaminant concentrations and when increasing the composite adsorbent-filter CSF bed height. The breakthrough curves were well represented by the COMSOL model.
Natural Compounds as Source of Aldose Reductase (AR) Inhibitors for the Treatment of Diabetic Complications: A Mini Review
Authors: Grewal Ajmer Singh , Thapa Komal , Kanojia Neha , Sharma Neelam , Singh Sukhbir 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Aldol reductase (AR) is the polyol pathway's main enzyme that portrays a crucial part
in developing ‘complications of diabetes’ involving cataract, retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. These
diabetic abnormalities are triggered tremendously via aggregation of sorbitol formation (catalyzed by AR) in
the polyol pathway. Consequently, it represents an admirable therapeutic target and vast research was done for
the discovery of novel molecules as potential AR inhibitors for diabetic complications.

Objective:
This review article has been planned to discuss an outline of diabetic complications, AR and its role
in diabetic complications, natural compounds reported as AR inhibitors, and benefits of natural/plant derived
AR inhibitors for the management of diabetic abnormalities.

Results:
The goal of AR inhibition remedy is to stabilize the increased flux of blood glucose and sorbitol via
the ‘polyol pathway’ in the affected tissues. A variety of synthetic inhibitors of AR have been established such
as tolrestat and sorbinil, but both of these face limitations including low permeability and health problems. Pharmaceutical
industries and other scientists were also undertaking work to develop newer, active, and ‘safe’ AR
inhibitors from natural sources. Therefore, several naturally found molecules were documented to possess a potent
inhibitory action on AR activity.

Conclusion:
Natural inhibitors of AR appeared as harmless pharmacological agents for controlling diabetic
complications. The detailed literature throughout this article shows the significance of herbal extracts and phytochemicals
as prospective useful AR inhibitors in treating diabetic complications.
Pathogenesis of Age-Related Cataract: A Systematic Review of Proteomic Studies
Authors: Karakosta Christina , Tzamalis Argyrios , Aivaliotis Michalis , Tsinopoulos Ioannis 
Published: October 2020

Aims:
The aim of this systematic review is to identify all the available data on human
lens proteomics with a critical role in age-related cataract formation in order to elucidate the physiopathology
of the aging lens.

Methods::
We searched on Medline and Cochrane databases. The search generated 328
manuscripts. We included nine original proteomic studies that investigated human cataractous lenses.

Results:
Deamidation was the major age-related post-translational modification. There was a significant
increase in the amount of αA-crystallin D-isoAsp58 present at all ages, while an increase in
the extent of Trp oxidation was apparent in cataract lenses when compared to aged normal lense.
During aging, enzymes with oxidized cysteine at critical sites included GAPDH, glutathione synthase,
aldehyde dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, and PARK7.

Conclusion:
D-isoAsp in αA crystallin could be associated with the development of age-related cataract
in humans by contributing to the denaturation of a crystallin and decreasing its ability to act
as a chaperone. Oxidation of Trp may be associated with nuclear cataract formation in humans,
while the role of oxidant stress in age-related cataract formation is dominant.
Anxiety, Insomnia and Body Mass Index Scores in Italian Nurses Engaged in the Care of COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Vitale Elsa , Mea Rocco , Di Dio Francesca , Canonico Anna , Galatola Vito 
Published: October 2020

Background:
A new Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)
(COVID-19) infection was reported in Wuhan, China, becoming a global health emergency. Literature
shows how nursing work is particularly stressful and how this condition is closely connected
to the development of anxiety disorders, sleep quality and can also influence eating behavior with
consequent variations in BMI values.

Objective:
The study aims to investigate and correlate the levels of anxiety, insomnia and Body Mass Index among nurses
directly involved in the care of patients in the intensive care units with the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus
(SARS-CoV-2) infection.

Method:
An observatory study was conducted assessing and correlating the anxiety and insomnia levels and BMI values of
each nurse before (until December 2019) and during (until May 2020) the pandemic.

Results:
In total, 291 Italian nurses joined the study. There are no statistically significant differences
between female nurses and male nurses for both groups of participants with or without anxiety
(p=0.655). Female nurses with mild, moderate and severe insomnia levels were statistically
more than male nurses (p=0.025). For the same BMI differences, the levels of anxiety and insomnia
were statistically significant between them (p<0.001).

Conclusion:
Nurses engaged in the treatment of the most serious patients with Covid-19 are subjected
to very high levels of stress due to the nature of the nursing job, shifting, poor rest, anxiety
due to health emergency period and weight gain.
Development of Glimepiride Loaded Sustained Release Microparticles Using Tubular Microreactor
Authors: Naik Jitendra , Deshmukh Rutuja , Rajput Rahul , Mishra Satyendra , Singh Mukesh K. 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Glimepiride is a third-generation, oral anti-diabetic sulfonylurea drug, generally
recommended for the treatment of type–II diabetes. A biocompatible polymer, Eudragit RS 100 is
widely used for the preparation of targeted and time-controlled release of drugs. Glimepiride is encapsulated
using Eudragit RS 100 for sustained release delivery.

Objective:
To develop sustained release microparticles of Glimepiride using microreactor technology
to reduce the dosing frequency.

Method:
Microreactor precipitation method was used to develop sustained release microparticles of
Glimepiride. Plackett-Burman design was employed for the optimization of all the parameters including
the inner diameter of silicon tubing, the flow rate of solvent as well as antisolvent, length of tubing
and concentration of polymer, etc. Microparticles prepared were characterized by Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy and in vitro drug release as well
as release kinetics study.

Results:
Placket Burman design was found to be effective for comparing more than two parameters at a
time and showed the effect of parameters on design. The parameters A, B, C, D, E and J synergistically
affected the encapsulation efficiency. FE-SEM demonstrated the smooth and spherical nature of particles.
Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy showed the absence of chemical interaction between
polymer and drug; X-ray diffraction results showed the decrease in crystallinity of pure drug when it
was transformed into encapsulated drug-loaded microparticles. The sustained drug release was observed
for 12 h.

Conclusion:
Prepared Glimepiride loaded sustained release microparticles followed the first-order release
kinetics. The developed formulation could reduce dose frequency and improve patient compliance.
Self Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Sorafenib Tosylate: Development and In Vivo Studies
Authors: Sandhya Pamu , Poornima Pamu , Bhikshapathi Darna V.R.N. 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Sorafenib tosylate (SFN) belongs to the BCS class II drug with low solubility
and undergoes first-pass metabolism, which leads to reduced bioavailability of 38%.

Objective:
The present study aimed at developing SFN SNEDDS to improve their solubility and bioavailability.

Methods:
Preliminary solubility studies were performed to identify oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant
ratios. Pseudo tertiary phase diagram was constructed to select the areas of nanoemulsion based on
the monophasic region. A total of 15 formulations of SFN SNEDDS were prepared and screened for
phase separation and temperature variation using thermodynamic stability studies. These SNEDDS
further characterized for % transmission, content of the drug, and in vitro dissolution analysis. The
optimized formulation was analyzed for particle size, Z average, entrapment efficiency, and SEM
analysis.

Results:
Based on the pseudo tertiary phase diagram, acrysol EL 135, kolliphor, and transcutol-P as
oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant were selected, respectively. All the formulations were stable with no
phase separation and maximum % transmittance of 98.92%. The formulation F15 was selected as an
optimized one, based on maximum drug content of 99.89%, with 98.94% drug release within 1 hour
and it will be stable for 6 months. From in vivo bioavailability studies, the Cmax of optimized
SNEDDS (94.12±2.12ng/ml) is higher than pure SFN suspension (15.32±1.46 ng/ml) and the AUC0-∞
of optimized SNEDDS is also increased by 5 times (512.1±8.54 ng.h/ml) than pure drug
(98.75±6.45ng.h/ml), which indicates improved bioavailability of the formulation.

Conclusion:
SFN loaded SNEDDS could potentially be exploited as a delivery system for improving
oral bioavailability by minimizing first-pass metabolism and increased solubility.

Lay Summary:
Renal cell carcinoma accounts for 2% of global cancer diagnoses and deaths, it has
more than doubled in incidence in the developed world over the past half-century, and today is the
ninth most common neoplasm in the United States. Sorafenib is a protein kinase inhibitor indicated
as a treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma. The present study aimed at developing Sorafenib
SNEDDS to improve their solubility and bioavailability. A total of 15 formulations of Sorafenib
SNEDDS were prepared and screened for phase separation and temperature variation using thermodynamic
stability studies. Sorafenib loaded SNEDDS could potentially be exploited as a delivery
system for increased oral bioavailability by 5 times when comparing with pure drug by minimizing
first-pass metabolism and increased solubility.