bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anthoceros genomes illuminate the origin of land plants and the unique biology of hornworts
Authors: Li Fay-Wei , Nishiyama Tomoaki , Waller Manuel , Frangedakis Eftychios , Keller Jean , Li Zheng , Fernandez-Pozo Noe , Barker Michael S. , Bennett Tom , Blázquez Miguel A. , Cheng Shifeng , Cuming Andrew C. , de Vries Jan , de Vries Sophie , Delaux Pierre-Marc , Diop Issa S. , Harrison C. Jill , Hauser Duncan , Hernández-García Jorge , Kirbis Alexander , Meeks John C. , Monte Isabel , Mutte Sumanth K. , Neubauer Anna , Quandt Dietmar , Robison Tanner , Shimamura Masaki , Rensing Stefan A. , Villarreal Juan Carlos , Weijers Dolf , Wicke Susann , Wong Gane K.-S. , Sakakibara Keiko , Szövényi Péter 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHornworts comprise a bryophyte lineage that diverged from other extant land plants >400 million years ago and bears unique biological features, including a distinct sporophyte architecture, cyanobacterial symbiosis and a pyrenoid-based carbon-concentrating mechanism (CCM). Here, we provide three high-quality genomes ofAnthoceroshornworts. Phylogenomic analyses place hornworts as a sister clade to liverworts plus mosses with high support. TheAnthocerosgenomes lack repeat-dense centromeres as well as whole-genome duplication, and contain a limited transcription factor repertoire. Several genes involved in angiosperm meristem and stomatal function are conserved inAnthocerosand upregulated during sporophyte development, suggesting possible homologies at the genetic level. We identified candidate genes involved in cyanobacterial symbiosis and found thatLCIB, aChlamydomonasCCM gene, is present in hornworts but absent in other plant lineages, implying a possible conserved role in CCM function. We anticipate that these hornwort genomes will serve as essential references for future hornwort research and comparative studies across land plants.
Rabi oscillations in a superconducting nanowire circuit
Authors: Schön Yannick , Voss Jan Nicolas , Wildermuth Micha , Schneider Andre , Skacel Sebastian T. , Weides Martin P. , Cole Jared H. , Rotzinger Hannes , Ustinov Alexey V. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe investigate the circuit quantum electrodynamics of anharmonic superconducting nanowire oscillators. The sample circuit consists of a capacitively shunted nanowire with a width of about 20 nm and a varying length up to 350 nm, capacitively coupled to an on-chip resonator. By applying microwave pulses we observe Rabi oscillations, measure coherence times and the anharmonicity of the circuit. Despite the very compact design, simple top-down fabrication and high degree of disorder in the oxidized (granular) aluminum material used, we observe lifetimes in the microsecond range.
Object responses are highly malleable, rather than invariant, with changes in object appearance
Authors: Holler Desiree E. , Fabbri Sara , Snow Jacqueline C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTheoretical frameworks of human vision argue that object responses remain stable, or ‘invariant’, despite changes in viewing conditions that can alter object appearance but not identity. Here, in a major departure from previous approaches that have relied on two-dimensional (2-D) images to study object processing, we demonstrate that changes in an object’s appearance, but not its identity, can lead to striking shifts in behavioral responses to objects. We used inverse multidimensional scaling (MDS) to measure the extent to which arrangements of objects in a sorting task were similar or different when the stimuli were displayed as scaled 2-D images, three-dimensional (3-D) augmented reality (AR) projections, or real-world solids. We were especially interested in whether sorting behavior in each display format was based on conceptual (e.g., typical location) versus physical object characteristics. We found that 2-D images of objects were arranged according to conceptual (typical location), but not physical, properties. AR projections, conversely, were arranged primarily according to physical properties such as real-world size, elongation and weight, but not conceptual properties. Real-world solid objects, unlike both 2-D and 3-D images, were arranged using multidimensional criteria that incorporated both conceptual and physical object characteristics. Our results suggest that object responses can be strikingly malleable, rather than invariant, with changes in the visual characteristics of the stimulus. The findings raise important questions about limits of invariance in object processing, and underscore the importance of studying responses to richer stimuli that more closely resemble those we encounter in real-world environments.
Damage-free Metal Electrode Transfer to Monolayer Organic Single Crystalline Thin Films
Authors: Makita Tatsuyuki , Yamamura Akifumi , Tsurumi Junto , Kumagai Shohei , Kurosawa Tadanori , Okamoto Toshihiro , Sasaki Mari , Watanabe Shun , Takeya Jun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSolution-processed organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) are an essential building block for next-generation printed electronic devices. Organic semiconductors (OSCs) that can spontaneously form a molecular assembly play a vital role in the fabrication of OTFTs. OTFT fabrication processes consist of sequential deposition of functional layers, which inherently brings significant difficulties in realizing ideal properties because underlayers are likely to be damaged by application of subsequent layers. These difficulties are particularly prominent when forming metal contact electrodes directly on an OSC surface, due to thermal damage during vacuum evaporation and the effect of solvents during subsequent photolithography. In this work, we demonstrate a simple and facile technique to transfer contact electrodes to ultrathin OSC films and form an ideal metal/OSC interface. Photolithographically defined metal electrodes are transferred and laminated using a polymeric bilayer thin film. One layer is a thick sacrificial polymer film that makes the overall film easier to handle and is water-soluble for dissolution later. The other is a thin buffer film that helps the template adhere to a substrate electrostatically. The present technique does not induce any fatal damage in the substrate OSC layers, which leads to successful fabrication of OTFTs composed of monolayer OSC films with a mobility of higher than 10 cm2 V−1 s−1, a subthreshold swing of less than 100 mV decade−1, and a low contact resistance of 175 Ω⋅cm. The reproducibility of efficient contact fabrication was confirmed by the operation of a 10 × 10 array of monolayer OTFTs. The technique developed here constitutes a key step forward not only for practical OTFT fabrication but also potentially for all existing vertically stacked organic devices, such as light-emitting diodes and solar cells.
Analysing The Cross-Section of The Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Neck and Its Effects on Stent Deployment
Authors: Kyriakou Faidon , Dempster William , Nash David 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStent graft devices for the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are being increasingly used worldwide. Yet, during modelling and optimization of these devices, as well as in clinical practice, vascular sections are idealized, possibly compromising the effectiveness of the intervention. In this study, we challenge the commonly used approximation of the circular cross-section of the aorta and identify the implications of this approximation to the mechanical assessment of stent grafts. Using computed tomography angiography (CTA) data from 258 AAA patients, the lumen of the aneurysmal neck was analysed. The cross-section of the aortic neck was found to be an independent variable, uncorrelated to other geometrical aspects of the region, and its shape was non-circular reaching elliptical ratios as low as 0.77. These results were used to design a finite element analysis (FEA) study for the assessment of a ring stent bundle deployed under a variety of aortic cross-sections. Results showed that the most common clinical approximations of the vascular cross-section can be a source of significant error when calculating the maximum stent strains (underestimated by up to 69%) and radial forces (overestimated by up to 13%). Nevertheless, a less frequently used average approximation was shown to yield satisfactory results (5% and 2% of divergence respectively).
Self-Propelling Targeted Magneto-Nanobots for Deep Tumor Penetration and pH-Responsive Intracellular Drug Delivery
Authors: Andhari Saloni S. , Wavhale Ravindra D. , Dhobale Kshama D. , Tawade Bhausaheb V. , Chate Govind P. , Patil Yuvraj N. , Khandare Jayant J. , Banerjee Shashwat S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSelf-propelling magnetic nanorobots capable of intrinsic-navigation in biological fluids with enhanced pharmacokinetics and deeper tissue penetration implicates promising strategy in targeted cancer therapy. Here, multi-component magnetic nanobot designed by chemically conjugating magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs), anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecule antibody (anti-EpCAM mAb) to multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) loaded with an anticancer drug, doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) is reported. Autonomous propulsion of the nanobots and their external magnetic guidance is enabled by enriching Fe3O4 NPs with dual catalytic-magnetic functionality. The nanobots propel at high velocities even in complex biological fluids. In addition, the nanobots preferably release DOX in the intracellular lysosomal compartment of human colorectal carcinoma (HCT116) cells by the opening of Fe3O4 NP gate. Further, nanobot reduce ex vivo HCT116 tumor spheroids more efficiently than free DOX. The multicomponent nanobot’s design represents a more pronounced method in targeting tumors with self-assisted anticancer drug delivery for ‘far-reaching’ sites in treating cancers.
Development and characterization of mammary intraductal (MIND) spontaneous metastasis models for triple-negative breast cancer in syngeneic mice
Authors: Luo Xu-Liang , Lin Lan , Hu Hui , Hu Fang-Ling , Lin Yan , Luo Man-Ling , Wang Lin , He Yuan-Qiao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a more aggressive phenotype and higher metastasis and recurrence rates than other breast cancer subtypes. TNBC currently lacks a transplantation model that is suitable for clinical simulations of the tumor microenvironment. Intraductal injection of tumor cells into the mammary duct could mimic the occurrence and development of breast cancer. Herein, we injected 4T1 cells into the mammary ducts of BALB/C mice to build a preclinical model of TNBC and optimized the related construction method to observe the occurrence and spontaneous metastasis of tumors. We compared the effects of different cell numbers on tumorigenesis rates, times to tumorigenesis, and metastases to determine the optimal number of cells for modelling. We demonstrated that 4T1-MIND model mice injected with 20,000 cells revealed a suitable tumor formation rate and time, thus indicating a potential treatment time window after distant metastasis. We also injected 20,000 cells directly into the breast fat pad or breast duct for parallel comparison. The results still showed that the 4T1-MIND model provides sufficient treatment time for lung metastases in mice and that it is a more reliable model for early tumor development. The 4T1-MIND model requires continuous improvement and optimization. A suitable and optimized model for translational research and studies on the microenvironment in TNBC should be developed.
Upregulation of large myelin protein zero leads to Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease-like neuropathy in mice
Authors: Otani Yoshinori , Ohno Nobuhiko , Cui Jingjing , Yamaguchi Yoshihide , Baba Hiroko 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCharcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) disease is a hereditary neuropathy mainly caused by gene mutation of peripheral myelin proteins including myelin protein zero (P0, MPZ). Large myelin protein zero (L-MPZ) is an isoform of P0 that contains an extended polypeptide synthesized by translational readthrough at the C-terminus in tetrapods, including humans. The physiological role of L-MPZ and consequences of an altered L-MPZ/P0 ratio in peripheral myelin are not known. To clarify this, we used genome editing to generate a mouse line (L-MPZ mice) that produced L-MPZ instead of P0. Motor tests and electrophysiological, immunohistological, and electron microscopy analyses show that homozygous L-MPZ mice exhibit CMT-like phenotypes including thin and/or loose myelin, increased small-caliber axons, and disorganized axo–glial interactions. Heterozygous mice show a milder phenotype. These results highlight the importance of an appropriate L-MPZ/P0 ratio and show that aberrant readthrough of a myelin protein causes neuropathy.
A learning based framework for diverse biomolecule relationship prediction in molecular association network
Authors: Guo Zhen-Hao , You Zhu-Hong , Huang De-Shuang , Yi Hai-Cheng , Chen Zhan-Heng , Wang Yan-Bin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAbundant life activities are maintained by various biomolecule relationships in human cells. However, many previous computational models only focus on isolated objects, without considering that cell is a complete entity with ample functions. Inspired by holism, we constructed a Molecular Associations Network (MAN) including 9 kinds of relationships among 5 types of biomolecules, and a prediction model called MAN-GF. More specifically, biomolecules can be represented as vectors by the algorithm called biomarker2vec which combines 2 kinds of information involved the attribute learned by k-mer, etc and the behavior learned by Graph Factorization (GF). Then, Random Forest classifier is applied for training, validation and test. MAN-GF obtained a substantial performance with AUC of 0.9647 and AUPR of 0.9521 under 5-fold Cross-validation. The results imply that MAN-GF with an overall perspective can act as ancillary for practice. Besides, it holds great hope to provide a new insight to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms.
Splitting and recombination of bright-solitary-matter waves
Authors: Wales Oliver J. , Rakonjac Ana , Billam Thomas P. , Helm John L. , Gardiner Simon A. , Cornish Simon L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAtomic Bose–Einstein condensates confined in quasi-1D waveguides can support bright-solitary-matter waves when interatomic interactions are sufficiently attractive to cancel dispersion. Such solitary-matter waves are excellent candidates for highly sensitive interferometers, as their non-dispersive nature allows them to acquire phase shifts for longer times than conventional matter-wave interferometers. In this work, we demonstrate experimentally the splitting and recombination of a bright-solitary-matter wave on a narrow repulsive barrier, realizing the fundamental components of an interferometer. We show that for a sufficiently narrow barrier, interference-mediated recombination can dominate over velocity-filtering effects. Our theoretical analysis shows that interference-mediated recombination is extremely sensitive to the barrier position, predicting strong oscillations in the interferometer output as the barrier position is adjusted over just a few micrometres. These results highlight the potential of soliton interferometry, while putting tight constraints on the barrier stability needed in future experimental implementations.
DsbA-L deficiency exacerbates mitochondrial dysfunction of tubular cells in diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Gao Peng , Yang Ming , Chen Xianghui , Xiong Shan , Liu Jiahao , Sun Lin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Excessive mitochondrial fission has been identified as the central pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), but the precise mechanisms remain unclear. Disulfide-bond A oxidoreductase-like protein (DsbA-L) is highly expressed in mitochondria in tubular cells of the kidney, but its pathophysiological role in DKD is unknown. Our bioinformatics analysis showed that tubular DsbA-L mRNA levels were positively associated with eGFR but negatively associated with Scr and 24h-proteinuria in CKD patients. Furthermore, the genes that were coexpressed with DsbA-L were mainly enriched in mitochondria and were involved in oxidative phosphorylation. In vivo, knockout of DsbA-L exacerbated diabetic mice tubular cell mitochondrial fragmentation, oxidative stress and renal damage. In vitro, we found that DsbA-L was localized in the mitochondria of HK-2 cells. High glucose (HG, 30 mM) treatment decreased DsbA-L expression followed by increased mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) generation and mitochondrial fragmentation. In addition, DsbA-L knockdown exacerbated these abnormalities, but this effect was reversed by overexpression of DsbA-L. Mechanistically, under HG conditions, knockdown DsbA-L expression accentuated JNK phosphorylation in HK-2 cells. Furthermore, administration of a JNK inhibitor (SP600125) or the mtROS scavenger MitoQ significantly attenuated JNK activation and subsequent mitochondrial fragmentation in DsbA-L-knockdown HK-2 cells. Additionally, the down-regulation of DsbA-L also amplified the gene and protein expression of mitochondrial fission factor (MFF) via the JNK pathway, enhancing its ability to recruit DRP1 to mitochondria. Taken together, these results link DsbA-L to alterations in mitochondrial dynamics during tubular injury in the pathogenesis of DKD and unveil a novel mechanism by which DsbA-L modifies mtROS/JNK/MFF-related mitochondrial fission.
Design, implementation and experimental characterisation of a high sensitivity GMI gradiometer with an interference compensation system
Authors: Riveros Pedro A.D. , Silva Eduardo C. , Pacheco Salvador , Cabrera Lizeth S.B. , Barbosa Carlos R.H. 
Published: March 2020

The giant magneto‐impedance (GMI) effect has been, since its discovery, one of the most promising technologies in the development of magnetic sensors. Features such as high sensitivity, stability and low cost are the main reasons for the development of this type of magnetometers. This study reports the design, implementation and experimental characterisation of a high sensitivity GMI gradiometer, aimed at measuring low‐intensity magnetic fields. A first‐order gradiometer was designed, based on the impedance phase characteristics of two Co70Fe5Si15B10 amorphous ribbon‐shaped sensors connected to an electronic circuit that converts the magnetic field into an output voltage. The developed prototype can operate not only as gradiometer but also as two separate magnetometers, which allows it to incorporate a compensation system against deviations in the biasing field of the GMI sensors. The experimental results for the gradiometer showed a sensitivity of 99 mV/μT, a measuring range of ±30 μT, a magnetic noise of 5 nT Hz−1/2 at 5 Hz and a resolution of 40 nT within a 500 Hz bandwidth. The compensation system has shown a settling time of 1.6 s for perturbations in the range ±10 μT with a steady‐state error <0.02%. All experiments were performed in an unshielded environment.
Continuation of the X-ray monitoring of Sgr A*: the increase in bright flaring rate confirmed
Authors: Mossoux E. , Finociety B. , Beckers J.-M. , Vincent F. H. 
Published: March 2020

Context.The supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*) is located at the dynamical center of the Milky Way. In a recent study of the X-ray flaring activity from Sgr A* usingChandra,XMM-Newton, andSwiftobservations from 1999 to 2015, it has been argued that the bright flaring rate has increased from 2014 August 31 while the faint flaring rate decreased from around 2013 August.Aims.We tested the persistence of these changes in the flaring rates with new X-ray observations of Sgr A* performed from 2016 to 2018 (total exposure of 1.4 Ms).Methods.We reprocessed theChandra,XMM-Newton,andSwiftobservations from 2016 to 2018. We detected 9 flares in theChandradata and 5 flares in theSwiftdata that we added to the set of 107 previously detected flares. We computed the intrinsic distribution of flare fluxes and durations corrected for the sensitivity bias using a new method that allowed us to take the error on the flare fluxes and durations into account. From this intrinsic distribution, we determined the average flare detection efficiency for eachChandra,XMM-Newton,andSwiftobservation. After correcting each observational exposure for this efficiency, we applied the Bayesian blocks algorithm on the concatenated flare arrival times. As in the above-mentioned study, we also searched for a flux and fluence threshold that might lead to a change in flaring rate. We improved the previous method by computing the average flare detection efficiencies for each flux and fluence range.Results.The Bayesian block algorithm did not detect any significant change in flaring rate of the 121 flares. However, we detected an increase by a factor of about three in the flaring rate of the most luminous and most energetic flares that have occurred since 2014 August 30.Conclusions.The X-ray activity of Sgr A* has increased for more than four years. Additional studies about the overall near-infrared and radio behavior of Sgr A* are required to draw strong results on the multiwavelength activity of the black hole.
MicroRNAs and Adrenocortical Tumors: Where do we Stand on Primary
Aldosteronism?
Authors: Tömböl Zsófia , Turai Péter István , Decmann Ábel , Igaz Peter 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMicroRNAs, the endogenous mediators of RNA interference, interact with the
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, regulate aldosterone secretion and
aldosterone effects. Some novel data show that the expression of some microRNAs
is altered in primary aldosteronism, and some of these appear to have pathogenic
relevance, as well. Differences in the circulating microRNA expression profiles
between the two major forms of primary aldosteronism, unilateral
aldosterone-producing adenoma and bilateral adrenal hyperplasia have also been
shown. Here, we present a brief synopsis of these findings focusing on the
potential relevance of microRNA in primary aldosteronism.
A Comparative Three-Dimensional Finite Element Study of Two Space Regainers in the Mixed Dentition Stage
Authors: Hakim Mohamed Ahmed Abdel , Khatab Nagwa Mohamed Ali , Mohamed Kareem Maher Gaber , Elheeny Ahmad Abdel Hamid 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objectives This study aims to compare the stress distribution and displacement that resulted from the use of a Gerber space regainer and sagittal distalizer using three-dimensional finite element analysis.
Materials and Methods Three-dimensional simulated models of the appliances were developed using a software. The forces applied by the two appliances were 3N (tipping) and 15N (bodily), respectively. Displacement and von Mises stress on the compact and cancellous bone, periodontal ligament (PDL), crowns of the mandibular first, second permanent molars, and deciduous canines were calculated. Stress distribution and displacement values were measured via linear static analysis.
Results Gerber space regainer showed greater displacement than that produced by the sagittal distalizer at the first permanent molar. However, such displacement was less at the other tested points when compared with that delivered by sagittal distalizer. The stresses created by Gerber appliance were higher in the crown and PDL of the deciduous canine than the crown of the first permanent molar crown.
Conclusions Gerber appliance generates more distal force and less stress concentration on the crown of the mandibular first permanent molar than that created by the sagittal distalizer. On the other hand, stress concentrations produced by Gerber space regainer are found to be more on the crown and PDL of the deciduous canine. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of Gerber appliance needs more anchorage.