bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomic profiling of FBXW7‐mutant serous endometrial cancer cells reveals upregulation of PADI2, a potential therapeutic target
Authors: Urick Mary Ellen , Bell Daphne W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite advancements over the past decade revealing molecular aberrations characteristic of endometrial cancer (EC) subtypes, serous ECs remain difficult to treat and associated with poor outcomes. This is due, in part, to the rarity of these tumors within clinical trials and the inability to directly target the most frequent genomic abnormalities. One of the most commonly somatically mutated genes in serous ECs is the tumor suppressor F‐box and WD repeat domain containing 7 (FBXW7).MethodsTo identify changes in protein expression associated with FBXW7 mutation, we clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)‐edited ARK4 FBXW7 nonmutant serous EC cells to insert recurrent FBXW7 mutations. We then compared the liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry‐based proteomic profiles of CRISPR‐edited ARK1 and ARK4 serous EC cells to matched parental cells.ResultsAmong distinct total and phosphorylated proteins that were significantly differentially expressed in FBXW7‐mutant cell lines compared to matched parental lines, we identified increased PADI2 (peptidyl arginine deiminase 2) expression in all ARK1 and ARK4 CRISPR‐edited FBXW7‐mutant cell lines. We further confirmed the correlation between FBXW7 mutation and increased PADI2 expression in a third biological background, JHUEM‐1 endometrioid EC cells. Finally, we established that PADI2 protein is expressed in primary serous endometrial tumors.ConclusionOur findings provide novel insight into proteomic changes associated with FBXW7 mutation in serous ECs and identify PADI2 as a novel potential therapeutic target for these tumors.
Metformin revert insulin‐induced oxaliplatin resistance by activating mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in human colon cancer HCT116 cells
Authors: Liu Chao , Liu Qianqian , Yan Aiwen , Chang Hui , Ding Yuyin , Tao Junye , Qiao Chen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have suggested that drug resistance in colon cancer patients with diabetes may be associated with long‐term insulin administration, which in turn decreases the survival rate. Metformin is a commonly used drug to treat diabetes but has been recently demonstrated to have a potential therapeutic effect on colon cancer. This study aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanism by which metformin reverts insulin‐induced oxaliplatin resistance in human colon cancer HCT116 cells.MethodsTwo colon cancer cell lines (HCT116 and LoVo) were used to verify whether the expression of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS‐1) could impact the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of oxaliplatin after chronic insulin treatment. The IC50 of oxaliplatin in both cell lines was measured to identify metformin sensitization to oxaliplatin. The adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor, namely AMPK small interfering RNA, was used to block AMPK activation to identify critical proteins in the AMPK/Erk signaling pathway. Bcl‐2 is a vital antiapoptotic protein involved in the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Finally, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy were performed to investigate how metformin affects the ultrastructural integrity of mitochondria.ResultsThe IC50 of oxaliplatin in HCT116 cells was noticeably increased. After the cells were treated with metformin, oxaliplatin resistance was reversed. According to the results of the western blotting assay of vital proteins involved in the classical apoptosis pathway, cleaved caspase‐9 was noticeably upregulated, suggesting that the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway was activated. These results were verified by imaging of mitochondria using electron microscopy. The AMPK/Erk signaling pathway experiments revealed that the upregulation of Bcl‐2 induced by insulin through Erk phosphorylation was inhibited by metformin and that such inhibition could be mitigated by the inhibition of AMPK.ConclusionsInsulin‐induced oxaliplatin resistance was reversed by metformin‐mediated AMPK activation. Accordingly, metformin is likely to sensitize patients with diabetes to chemotherapeutic drugs used to treat colon cancer.
WWP2 ameliorates acute kidney injury by mediating p53 ubiquitylation and degradation
Authors: Che Hong , He Weilai , Feng Junbo , Dong Wenpeng , Liu Shandong , Chen Tao , Ge Shenglin , Zhou Jun , Liang Chaozhao 
Published: April 2020

E3 ubiquitin ligase gene, WWP2, is associated with acute kidney injury (AKI). This research was conducted to explore the role of WWP2 in AKI. AKI cell model was produced in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line (HK‐2) by ischemia‐reperfusion (IR) injury. CCK8 and flow cytometry assay were performed to explore the influence of WWP2 overexpression on cell proliferation and apoptosis of IR‐induced HK‐2 cells. Quantitative real‐time PCR and immunoblotting (IB) were performed to assess the gene and protein expression. Then, the influence of WWP2 on p53 ubiquitylation and degradation was estimated by immunoprecipitation assay. Our data indicated that WWP2 was down‐regulated and p53 was up‐regulated in IR‐induced HK‐2 cells. WWP2 overexpression promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of IR‐induced HK‐2 cells. And WWP2 interacted with p53 and regulated p53 ubiquitylation and degradation. Furthermore, the influence of WWP2 on cell proliferation and apoptosis was rescued by MG132 (proteasome inhibitor) treatment. In conclusion, our work described for the first time the role of WWP2 in AKI, showing that WWP2 ameliorated AKI by mediating p53 ubiquitylation and degradation. Moreover, the study offers some important insights into the occurrence of AKI and WWP2 may be a novel target of AKI treatment.Significance of the studyOur data elaborates that WWP2 has protective effect against AKI by mediating p53 ubiquitylation and degradation. Thus, WWP2 might be a therapeutic target for AKI.
Impact of drifts in the ASDEX upgrade upper open divertor using SOLPS‐ITER
Authors: Paradela Pérez I. , Groth M. , Wischmeier M. , Coster D. , Brida D. , David P. , Silvagni D. , Faitsch M. ,   the ASDEX‐Upgrade Team,   the EUROfusion MST1 Team
Published: April 2020

AbstractSOLPS‐ITER L‐mode‐like simulations with the full set of currents and drift velocities activated, and fluid neutrals have been carried out to interpret experimental results obtained in AUG. Drifts are critical to quantitatively reproduce the experimental results; however, simulations without drifts can also reproduce some trends qualitatively. The magnitude and dependence of the peak heat flux onto both targets on the upstream collisionality are, in general, in quantitative agreement within uncertainties with infrared thermography measurements in favourable field direction. The onset of power detachment is observed. In unfavourable toroidal field direction, a more symmetrical inner/outer target solution with regards to the power distribution is predicted, in agreement with experimental observations. However, also in unfavourable toroidal field direction, insufficient power is dissipated in the simulations and therefore qpeak, inn is overpredicted by up to a factor of 4 and qpeak, out by up to a factor of 1.5. The largest contribution to the sources due to radial transport in the energy balance equation is the radial divergence of the energy flux due to VE × B.
Association of bedtime with the risk of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease among middle‐aged and elderly Chinese adults with pre‐diabetes and diabetes
Authors: Hu Chunyan , Zhang Yi , Wang Shuangyuan , Lin Lin , Peng Kui , Du Rui , Qi Hongyan , Zhang Jie , Wang Tiange , Zhao Zhiyun , Li Mian , Xu Yu , Xu Min , Li Donghui , Bi Yufang , Wang Weiqing , Chen Yuhong , Lu Jieli 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundEmerging evidence indicated that sleep characteristics may play important roles in the development of metabolic disorders. However, little is known as to the association between bedtime and the risk of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in individuals with pre‐diabetes and diabetes.MethodsIn a prospective cohort of 10 375 adults aged ≥40 years, 1960 of 3484 eligible pre‐diabetic and diabetic individuals were identified for the current study. NAFLD was diagnosed using liver ultrasonography at baseline and at follow‐up. Information on bedtime was obtained at baseline using a standard questionnaire.ResultsWe documented 433 incident cases of NAFLD among this study population. In multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression model, later bedtime was associated with increased risk of NAFLD (29% increased risk per hour of later bedtime). Compared to individuals with bedtime ≤20:00, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of NAFLD for bedtime of 20:00‐22:00 and ≥22:00 were 1.56 (1.04‐2.34) and 2.05 (1.31‐3.20), respectively. In the subgroup analysis, significant associations were observed among those who were overweight or physically inactive, or those with metabolic syndrome or elevated 10‐year risks for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. When estimating the joint effect of bedtime and other sleep characteristics, higher risk of incident NAFLD was observed in groups of late bed/early rise, late bed/napping (yes), late bed/bad sleeper, or late bed/shorter sleep durations.ConclusionsLater bedtime was significantly associated with an increased risk of incident NAFLD in adults with pre‐diabetes and diabetes, underscoring the importance of sleep behaviour management in the prevention of NAFLD.
The role of noninvasive biomarkers in diagnosis and risk stratification in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Hernandez Roman Jose , Siddiqui Mohammad S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronically elevated liver enzymes. Diagnosis and risk stratification of NAFLD remains clinically challenge as patients with NAFLD are either asymptomatic or have nonspecific presenting complaints and may have normal liver enzymes. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the clinically aggressive variant of NAFLD, is also difficult to differentiate noninvasively, and a liver biopsy is required to definitively diagnose NASH. Thus, the definitive diagnosis and risk stratification of NAFLD is embedded in histological assessment of the liver. Several clinical aides been investigated in an attempt to risk stratify and identify patients noninvasively as doing a liver biopsy in all patients with NAFLD are not feasible. Since these biomarkers are unable to differentiate NASH from non‐NASH, they have leveraged biochemical changes within the liver as patients progress to varying degree of hepatic fibrosis to identify patients with moderate fibrosis (fibrosis stage 2 or greater) and advanced fibrosis (fibrosis stage 3 or greater) to help guide the need for additional and more definitive workup. These clinical aides span from by‐products of apoptosis to statistical modelling of clinically available data to identify ‘at‐risk’ patients with NAFLD. The current review will focus the diagnostic performance of these noninvasive serum‐based biomarkers in NAFLD.
Adolescent Learning of Academic Vocabulary in Iceland
Authors: Ólafsdóttir Sigríður , Laster Barbara , K. Stefánsson Kristján 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe fields of vocabulary instruction, literacy professional development, and global language issues framed this research. Situated in Iceland, the intervention consisted of professional development for 10th‐grade teachers focused on academic words in various subject materials, increasing the learners’ proficiency in using explicit strategies to detect word meanings, and offering learners multimodal ways of working with the vocabulary. There were no significant differences between the participants in the experimental schools (n = 157) and in the control schools (n = 88). There were gains from pretest to posttest in vocabulary and in comprehension, and there were some promising trends that distinguished the experimental group from the control group on the reading comprehension test. The nature, intensity, and length of the professional development offered to the high school teachers and the relatively short time of measurement of student outcomes are suggested explanations of the results.
Improving equitable access to essential medicines: Learning from the experience of pharmacists within Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders)
Authors: Connor Sharon , Forrister Daniel , Karir Veena , Kauffman Yardlee , Sochacki Marisa 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTwo billion people worldwide currently lack access to basic essential medicines. Compounding this challenge, there is also inequity in relation to medication quality, particularly within resource‐constrained settings. Shortages in qualified pharmacy staff exacerbate these problems in poorer countries, with many nongovernmental organizations attempting to fill these gaps. Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF; also known as Doctors Without Borders) is an independent nonprofit organization founded in 1971 that provides free medical humanitarian care for populations in need. Pharmacists are an integral part of MSF's medical activities and are engaged in multiple functions within the organization. They serve as a liaison between logistics, supply, and medical departments and facilitate delivery of patient care. Moreover, pharmacists ensure that the medication use process is intact from project planning to distribution of medications. Pharmacist aid workers within MSF assume many roles including field worker, project manager, project coordinator, access to essential medicines advocate, and many others. We highlight the work of MSF pharmacists via vignettes, sharing their experiences from countries around the world. Working with MSF is a challenging yet rewarding endeavor; becoming an aid worker in the organization preferably requires prior experience working in resource‐limited settings, as well as humanitarian work experience. The role of the pharmacist within MSF is evolving, with increased emphasis on clinical pharmacy services, rational drug use, and antimicrobial resistance. Pharmacists are essential to humanitarian work in ensuring quality and safety in the care of patients served.
Clinical pharmacy practice in Saudi Arabia: Historical evolution and future perspective
Authors: Badreldin Hisham A. , Alosaimy Sara , Al‐jedai Ahmed 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOver the past three decades, the pharmacy profession in Saudi Arabia has been evolving steadily in different areas of practice, particularly in clinical pharmacy. This evolution has resulted from the significant advancements made in clinical pharmacy education and training. From an educational perspective, the vast majority of newly established pharmacy schools have adopted the Doctor of Pharmacy degree instead of the Bachelor of Pharmacy degree. From a training perspective, there has been a massive expansion in the number of residency training sites. A significant advancement was declared when several Saudi pharmacy schools and residency training programs were able to meet the standards that were set forth and were similar to those available in the United States. This was achieved through certification and accreditation from well‐established accreditation bodies like the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education and the American Society of Health‐System Pharmacists. Currently, clinical pharmacists in Saudi Arabia have assumed advanced practice roles as a result of these advancements. Hence, there is a need to describe the advancing role of the clinical pharmacy practice model in Saudi Arabia. This paper will review clinical pharmacy education and training, its historical evolution, the current practice model, the challenges, and future perspectives in Saudi Arabia.
Striving for excellence in experiential education
Authors: Boyce Eric G. , Harris Christy S. , Bingham Angela L. , Chan Emily , Chapman Scott A. , Chilbert Maya R. , Dy‐Boarman Eliza , Haines Stuart T. , Heavner Mojdeh S. , Marcus Kristine B. , Smith Susan E. , Strnad Kyle , Yunker Nancy S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHigh‐quality experiential education builds on didactic education to enable graduates to meet the full spectrum of entry‐level pharmacy‐related roles and responsibilities, including lifelong learning and professional development. The 2019 Educational Affairs Committee A, an ACCP standing committee, was charged to review and update the 2008 ACCP white paper and position statement on quality experiential education. The main objective of this white paper is to provide colleges and schools of pharmacy (C/SOPs) and affiliated partners in experiential education with practices expected to assist in achieving excellence in experiential education and fulfilling the goal of developing fully competent practice‐ and team‐ready pharmacy graduates.
Catalytic activity of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for hydrogen peroxide decomposition: optimization and characterization
Authors: Maharjan Anoth , Dikshit Pritam Kumar , Gupta Arvind , Kim Beom Soo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe present study is focused on the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) using magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs). Intrinsic peroxidase mimicking activity of Fe3O4 NPs helps in decomposition of H2O2 for the generation of •OH radicals during the Fenton process. A response surface methodology based central composite design (CCD) method was adopted to optimize five different process parameters: reaction time, temperature, pH, Fe3O4 NP concentration and H2O2 concentration.RESULTSCCD‐predicted H2O2 decomposition (%) showed close agreement with the experimental results, confirming the good fit of the experimental data to the model. A maximum H2O2 decomposition of 92.31% was achieved with an initial H2O2 concentration of 31.07 mg L−1, Fe3O4 NPs of 1.34 wt%, pH of 5.29, temperature of 23.1 °C and reaction time of 5.6 min as optimal values. The morphology and structure of Fe3O4 NPs before and after the reaction process were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X–ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis.CONCLUSIONThe characterization data showed no significant changes in the structure of Fe3O4 NPs after the reaction compared to the pristine Fe3O4 NPs. The catalytic efficiency of these NPs was found to be in close agreement with other similar materials reported in previous literature. These optimization variables for H2O2 decomposition using Fe3O4 NPs may be useful in designing protocols for practical application at a large scale. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Photochemical degradation of aqueous artificial sweeteners by UV/H2O2 and their biodegradability studies
Authors: Jahani Ramtin , Dhib Ramdhane , Mehrvar Mehrab 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhotochemical degradations of three commonly used artificial sweeteners, namely aspartame (ASP), acesulfame K (ACE), and sucralose (SUC), are studied in multicomponent aqueous systems, and treated through UV/H2O2 process in a recirculating batch reactor. The biodegradation characteristics of the three sweeteners are also investigated both in single and multicomponent aqueous systems through respirometry. The results are used to draw conclusions and recommendations for onsite treatment of industrial wastewaters containing artificial sweeteners.RESULTSThe effects of the operating temperature and the applied H2O2 dosage are found to be significant on the overall degradation efficiency. An interaction effect between aspartame and sucralose is identified, resulting in a temporary improvement in total organic carbon (TOC) removal in some cases. Respirometric tests confirm that acesulfame K and sucralose are non‐biodegradable, whereas aspartame is readily biodegradable with a 6‐day carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand to theoretical oxygen demand (cBOD6/ThOD) ratio of 0.63 ± 0.02.CONCLUSIONSIt is concluded that activated sludge processes can remove ASP even in the presence of ACE and SUC. The latter two compounds cannot be degraded by activated sludge. Hence, the UV/H2O2 process is a suitable treatment technique for simultaneous removal when all three sweeteners are present in an aqueous matrix. A higher temperature of the wastewater stream may be used as a process variable to reduce oxidant dosing when applicable. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
A mini‐review and recent outlooks on the synthesis and applications of zeolite imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) membranes on polymeric substrate
Authors: Sutrisna Putu Doddy , Prasetya Nicholaus , Himma Nurul Faiqotul , Wenten I Gede 
Published: April 2020

AbstractZeolite imidazolate framework (ZIF) is one of the subclasses of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) that has been widely investigated in the last decade. Among the ZIF members, a particular interest has been devoted to ZIF‐8 due to various factors, such as mild and fast synthesis conditions, framework stability and the right pore aperture to perform various separations. Recently, there has also been growing interest in developing ZIF‐8 as a thin layer membrane on polymeric substrates as they are considerably cheaper than the inorganic ones. This review then discusses recent advances in this field, focusing on various fabrication strategies and promising future applications. The challenges and future perspectives are also discussed with an emphasis on employing this approach in industrial scale. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Separation of bio‐based chemicals using pervaporation
Authors: Li Wenqi , Estager Julien , Monbaliu Jean‐Christophe M , Debecker Damien P , Luis Patricia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe increasing demand of raw materials and the ever‐present risk of fossil resource depletion are effective motivators for the development of new bio‐based routes for the synthesis of chemicals. The use of non‐renewable natural resources, such as fossil fuels, and the generation of greenhouse gases have led to severe environmental problems. However, one of the challenges of using renewable biomass resources to produce building block molecules is achieving an efficient and economically viable purification step. The complexity of the mixture involves generally high separation costs. Separation processes, such as distillation and liquid–liquid extraction, have been proposed to purify target bio‐based compounds. However, the high energetic cost associated with such processes is pushing the current research towards the development of alternative solutions. In this context, membrane technology, such as pervaporation, is an interesting solution for minimizing the energy consumption of the process. This review highlights the main parameters and factors that impact the performance of pervaporation in the separation of complex bio‐based chemical mixtures. Coupling effects, which are among the critical issues in pervaporation, are discussed in detail. Hybrid processes, in which both reaction and distillation are performed during the pervaporation process, are also addressed. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry