bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative studies on removal of heavy metals from electroplating wastewater through soil aquifer treatment (SAT) in conjunction with adsorbents
Authors: Rekha K. H. , Lokeshappa B. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The study demonstrates the efficiency of the soil aquifer treatment (SAT) towards removal of heavy metals within electroplating wastewater thereby rendering it suitable for ground water discharge. The unique proposition of this research is to use a combination of soil and adsorbent properties to enhance the remediation of heavy metals such as nickel, copper and zinc. A comparative study through statistical analysis is employed to illustrate the effectiveness of the various SAT systems build using various combinations of SM and SC soil types along with bioadsorbents such as eucalyptus leaves, sawdust and Mosambi peel. Further, the mass balance analysis of heavy metals is carried out to comprehend the course of expulsion. The study, through a statistical approach, endorses that the SAT in conjunction with adsorbent gives much better removal efficiency than the SAT without adsorbent. Additional removal efficiency of 14% to 30% can be achieved with introduction of adsorbents within the SAT system. The optimal removal efficiency of nickel, copper and zinc was observed to be at 87, 98 and 93% respectively when passed through the combination of SM soil with sawdust.
Performance of chemically resistant polyurea reverse osmosis membrane in the treatment of highly alkaline industrial wastewater containing sodium aluminate
Authors: Nazia Shaik , Sekhar Sugali Chandra , Jegatheesan Veeriah , Bhargava Suresh K. , Sridhar Sundergopal 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The goal of the present study is to treat industrial wastewater containing sodium aluminate using a chemically inert polyurea (PU) based thin film composite (TFC) reverse osmosis (RO) membrane to promote water reclamation and zero liquid discharge (ZLD). Pretreatment was carried out to reduce the pH of the effluent from 12.5 to 7.1. The TFC RO membrane was fabricated by coating PU on Polyethersulfone (PES) substrate by interfacial polymerization (IP). The surface and cross-sectional morphologies of the membrane were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The indigenously synthesized membrane was effective in the removal of total dissolved solids (TDS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), colour and electrical conductivity. The experiments were conducted by varying the feed composition of the wastewater. The maximum water recovery and flux were found to be 74% and 73.9 L/m2·h. RO process using PU membrane exhibited significant potential for cost effective, safe and pollution-free treatment of sodium aluminate industrial effluent.
AÇÃO DE EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE DA MULHER
Authors: Rodrigues Arthur , Barros Ana Lívia , Cavalcante Camylla , Leão Genilda 
Published: October 2020

A Atenção Primária é a porta de entrada do Sistema Único de Saúde e as mulheres, enquanto suas principais usuárias, demandam estratégias com enfoque de gênero em todas as fases da vida. Esta ação buscou levar à Unidade de Saúde da Família do Reginaldo uma ação de prevenção e promoção à saúde ao apresentar às usuárias uma cartilha da saúde feminina. Os esclarecimentos realizados fizeram as mulheres presentes perceberem a necessidade de cuidarem mais de si mesmas. Reforçou o protagonismo feminino nas escolhas inerentes à saúde sexual e reprodutiva e estimulou a fala das mulheres e o senso de pertencimento, acolhimento e importância perante à ESF e sua equipe multiprofissional. Uma vez que a comunidade se apropria dos conhecimentos necessários para melhoria da sua qualidade de vida e os expande em seu ciclo social, há um significativo benefício à saúde.

Palavras-chave: Educação em Saúde; Saúde Pública; Saúde da Mulher.
A Relationship between Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthetase Gene Variants and Substance Use Disorder
Authors: Pehlivan Sacide , Aydin Pinar C. , Nursal Ayse F. , Pehlivan Mustafa , Oyaci Yasemin , Yazici Ahmet B. 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Addictive substances are known to result in oxidative stress (OS). OS enhances
the generation of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduces antioxidant
capacity. Peroxides and oxygen radicals, including hydrogen peroxide and superoxide and radical
nitrogen species, including nitric oxide (NO), are parts of the ROS. Gene variants of the endothelial
nitric oxide (eNOS) affect the plasma levels of NO. This study aimed to investigate whether
there was an association between eNOS variants and substance use disorders (SUDs) risk in the
Turkish population.

Methods:
Two eNOS variants (G894T and 27 bp VNTR 4b/a in intron 4) were examined in 216
SUD patients and 140 healthy controls. The eNOS variants were assessed with the PCR based on
the RFLP analysis. Since the patient group consisted only of men, the control group was examined
as a mixed and male-only.

Results:
The eNOS G894T homozygous T/T genotype revealed a significant association with susceptibility
to SUD. The patients carrying T/T genotype had SUD risk 1.054 times as much as the
controls and male controls had (p=0.004 and p=0.038, respectively). eNOS 4a/4a genotype increased
in patients as compared to male controls (p=0.048). The homozygous 4b/4b genotype was
higher in the male control group than in SUD patients (p=0.029). eNOS VNTR 4a allele was more
prevalent in the patients than in both controls and male controls (p=0.026 and p=0.0033, respectively).

Conclusion:
This study is one of the first studies investigating the relationship between two eNOS
gene variants and SUD in our country. Our findings show that eNOS G894T and VNTR variants
may be the significant risk factor for SUDs in Turkish subjects.
Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2: Discrete SIR (Susceptible, Infected, Recovered) Modeling Using Empirical Infection Data
Authors: McMahon Andrew , Robb Nicole C 
Published: October 2020

Background
The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which causes the COVID-19 disease, has resulted in a global pandemic. Since its emergence in December 2019, the virus has infected millions of people, caused the deaths of hundreds of thousands, and resulted in incalculable social and economic damage. Understanding the infectivity and transmission dynamics of the virus is essential to determine how best to reduce mortality while ensuring minimal social restrictions on the lives of the general population. Anecdotal evidence is available, but detailed studies have not yet revealed whether infection with the virus results in immunity.

Objective
The objective of this study was to use mathematical modeling to investigate the reinfection frequency of COVID-19.

Methods
We have used the SIR (Susceptible, Infected, Recovered) framework and random processing based on empirical SARS-CoV-2 infection and fatality data from different regions to calculate the number of reinfections that would be expected to occur if no immunity to the disease occurred.

Results
Our model predicts that cases of reinfection should have been observed by now if primary SARS-CoV-2 infection did not protect individuals from subsequent exposure in the short term; however, no such cases have been documented.

Conclusions
This work concludes that infection with SARS-CoV-2 provides short-term immunity to reinfection and therefore offers useful insight for serological testing strategies, lockdown easing, and vaccine development.
The impact of implementation of a hysterectomy enhanced recovery pathway on anesthetic medication costs
Authors: Street Austin D , Elia Jennifer M , McBroom Mandy M , Hamilton Allan J , Grundt Jessica E , Blackwell James-Michael N , Romito Bryan T 
Published: October 2020

Aim:
To evaluate the effect of implementation of a hysterectomy Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol on perioperative anesthetic medication costs.
Patients & methods:
Historical cohort study of 84 adult patients who underwent a hysterectomy. Forty-two patients who underwent surgery before protocol implementation comprised the pre-ERAS group. Forty-two patients who underwent surgery after protocol implementation comprised the post-ERAS group. Data on anesthetic medication costs and outcomes were analyzed.
Results:
Compared with the pre-ERAS group, the post-ERAS group’s total medication cost was significantly lower (median: 325.20 USD; interquartile range [IQR]: 256.12–430.65 USD vs median: 273.10 USD; IQR: 220.63–370.59 USD, median difference: -40.76, 95% CI: -130.39, 16.99, p = 0.047). Length of stay was significantly longer in pre-ERAS when compared with post-ERAS groups (median: 5.0 days; IQR: 4.0–7.0 days vs median: 3.0 days; IQR: 3.0–4.0 days, median difference: -2.0 days, 95% CI: -2.5581, -1.4419, p < 0.0001).
Conclusion:
ERAS protocols may reduce perioperative medication costs.
MODERATE TRUTH PLURALISM AND THE STRUCTURE OF DOXASTIC NORMATIVITY
Authors: Pedersen Nikolaj Jang Lee Linding 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
According to moderate truth pluralism, there is a single property that qualifies as truth for any (truthapt) domain whatsoever. However, propositions concerning different domains may possess this single truth property in virtue of different properties. Empirical propositions may be true in virtue of corresponding to reality while legal propositions may be true in virtue of cohering with the body of law. Moderate pluralists claim that truth is a completely general doxastic norm: for any p, the belief that p is correct if and only if p is true—regardless of what domain p pertains to. Moderate pluralists additionally claim that domain-specific properties are local doxastic norms which serve as standards of correctness within their respective domains, and that they do so because they are ways of being true and truth is a general, doxastic norm. This paper offers a grounding-theoretic account of the metaphysics of moderate pluralism and uses it as platform for developing a criticism of the moderate pluralist’s account of doxastic normativity. Two strategies are explored as potential responses to the criticism, but are ultimately dismissed.
An Exploration of Bank Confirmation Process Automation: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Caster Paul , Elder Randal J. , Janvrin Diane J. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
This exploratory study examines automation of the bank confirmation process using a longitudinal dataset from the largest third-party U.S. confirmation service provider, supplemented with informal interviews with practitioners. We find a significant increase in electronic confirmation use in the U.S. and internationally. Errors requiring reconfirmation were less than 2 percent of all electronic confirmations. Errors made by auditors were almost five times more likely than errors by bank employees. Most auditor errors involved use of an invalid account number, although invalid client contact, invalid request, and invalid company name errors increased recently. Big 4 auditors made significantly more confirmation errors than did auditors at non-Big 4 national firms. Error rates and error types do not vary between confirmations initiated in the U.S. and those initiated internationally. Three themes emerged for future research: authentication of evidence, global differences in technology use, and technology adoption across firms of different sizes.
Dental and skeletal effects after total arch distalization using modified C-palatal plate on hypo- and hyperdivergent Class II malocclusions in adolescents
Authors: Jung Chang Yoon , Park Jae Hyun , Ku Ja Hyeong , Lee Nam-Ki , Kim Yoonji , Kook Yoon-Ah 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To compare the dental and skeletal treatment effects after total arch distalization using modified C-palatal plates (MCPPs) on adolescent patients with hypo- and hyperdivergent Class II malocclusion.

Materials and Methods
The study group included 40 patients with Class II malocclusion (18 boys and 22 girls, mean age = 12.2 ± 1.4 years) treated with MCPPs. Fixed orthodontic treatment started with the distalizing process in both groups. Participants were divided into hypo- or hyperdivergent groups based on their pretreatment Frankfort mandibular plane angle (FMA) ≤22° or ≥28°, respectively. Pre- and posttreatment lateral cephalograms were digitized, and 23 variables were measured and compared for both groups using paired and independent t-tests.

Results
The hyper- and hypodivergent groups showed 2.7 mm and 4.3 mm of first molar crown distalizing movement, respectively (P &lt; .001). The hypodivergent group had a slight 2.2° crown distal tipping of first molars compared with 0.3° in the hyperdivergent group. After distalization, the FMA increased 3.1° and 0.3°, in the hypodivergent and hyperdivergent groups, respectively (P &lt; .001). SNA decreased in the hypodivergent group, while other skeletal variables presented no statistically significant differences in the changes between the groups.

Conclusions
The hypodivergent group showed more distal and tipping movement of the maxillary first molar and increased FMA than the hyperdivergent group. Therefore, clinicians must consider vertical facial types when distalizing molars using MCPPs in Class II nonextraction treatment.
TANGGUNG JAWAB KEJAHATAN PERBANKAN MELALUI MODUS OPERANDI SKIMMING
Authors: Linggoraharjo Victoria 
Published: October 2020

Bank is a financial institution, which primary function includes collecting and granting deposits to the public based on fiduciary principle. The development of information technology has shifted financial products and services into electronic-based products and services, making money management easier than before. One of the electronic banking products, an ATM (Automatic Teller Machine) is operated by a financial institution, allowing customers to perform financial transactions. However, the information age shows that ATM skimming has become a rising threat. Skimming is a crime that occurs when skimmers install skimming devices on ATM machines in order to steal debit or credit card information. Skimming is done by surreptitiously installing a device at ATMs to record pin card data using magnetic strips. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze which party is liable as a result of ATM skimming.
The result of this study shows that BCA is liable for the loss caused to its customers due to unauthorized withdrawals, considering Article 1367 of the Indonesia Civil Code states that a financial institution is responsible for the damage caused by matters which are under its supervision, that is, an ATM machine. Skimming is a criminal act in the banking sector that not only contravenes Banking Law, but also Criminal Law and Information and Electronic Transactions Law. Therefore, skimmer or fraudster is subject to Article 263 jo. Article 362 of the Criminal Code and/ or Article 30 (3) jo. Article 46 of the Information and Electronic Transactions Law.
USO DEL CONGIUNTIVO IN ITALIANO E FRANCESE IN UN CORPUS DI FUMETTI E GRAPHIC NOVEL
Authors: SAFFI Sophie 
Published: October 2020

Uses of the subjunctive in Italian and French in a corpus of comics and graphic novels. We propose the study of the uses of the subjunctive in Italian and French and the alternative solutions in each of the two languages on the basis of a corpus of 18 comics and graphic novels (9 originals and their translation) published from 1997 to 2017. 49,7% of the 227 items obtained correspond to the use of the subjunctive in Italian and alternative solutions in French; 29% to the use of the subjunctive in both languages; 21% to the use of the subjunctive in French and alternative solutions in Italian. We describe the profile of the uses, the syntactic context and the type of semantics involved. Our objective is to determine the systemic coherence of these uses and to produce an inventory of the use of the subjunctive in the French and Italian neo-standards, as close as possible to the current use of the two languages, for the first two decades of the 21st century.
Rezumat. Întrebuințarea conjunctivului în italiană și franceză într-un corpus de bandă desenată și de roman graphic. Pe baza unui corpus constituit din 18 benzi desenate și romane grafice (9 originale și traduceri) publicate în perioada 1997 – 2017, vom studia în articolul nostru utilizarea conjunctivului în italiană și în franceză, precum și soluțiile alternative în fiecare dintre cele două limbi. În ansamblul corpusului, 49,7% din 227 intrări corespund utilizării conjunctivului în italiană și soluțiilor alternative în franceză; 29% trimit la utilizarea conjunctivului în ambele limbi; 21% reflectă utilizarea conjunctivului în franceză și soluții alternative în italiană. Descriem profilul de utilizare, contextul sintactic și tipul de semantică implicat. Obiectivul nostru este cel de a determina consistența sistemică a acestor utilizări, dorim totodată să furnizăm un inventar al acestora în nivelul neo-standard al limbii franceze și al celei italiene, apropiindu-ne cât mai mult posibil de utilizarea contemporană a acestora, mai ales în primele decenii ale secolului XXI.
Cuvinte cheie : conjunctiv, franceză, italiană, benzi desenate
Genetic Characterization of the Yugoslavian Shepherd Dog – Sharplanina, a Livestock Guard Dog from the Western Balkans
Authors: Dimitrijević Vladimir , Savić Mila , Tarić Elmin , Stanišić Ljubodrag , Stanimirović Zoran , Tabaković Aleksandar , Aleksić M. Jelena 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Yugoslavian Shepherd Dog - Sharplanina (YSD) is a livestock guard dog from the Western Balkans present in this region over a long time, but recognized by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale as a distinct breed as late as 1957. However, the information regarding the origin and the size of the breed’s foundation stock is still lacking. In order to contribute towards better understanding of the genetic make-up of the YSD and its foundation stock, we re-analyzed previously generated genetic profiles of 94 registered YSD dogs assessed with nine nuclear microsatellites. Studied individuals comprised 90 unrelated dogs and two pairs of full-sibs, sampled at four sampling sites: three dog shows and at a military training centre for dogs in Serbia. We supported earlier findings on high levels of genetic diversity in YSD (HE
=0.728±0.027) and lack of inbreeding, and revealed substructure of the breed because we found two distinct gene pools in the Bayesian clustering analysis, indicated also by the excess of homozygotes (i.e., Wahlund effect) and outcomes of other analyses: linkage disequilibrium tests, Neighbour-Joining tree, principal coordinates and two-dimensional scaling analyses. The two gene pools were almost equally represented at each sampling site. One gene pool was composed of individuals with high genetic integrity, while the other gene pool was characterized with admixed ancestry, developed possibly via hybridization with native breeding stock outside the registry system, other breeds, such as the Caucasian Shepherd, and/or individuals admixed with wolves. Thus, we demonstrate rather complex and diverse ancestry implying a genetically heterogeneous foundation stock of the YSD.
Anti-Varroa Efficiency of Coumaphos and Its Influence on Oxidative Stress and Survival of Honey Bees
Authors: Zikic Biljana , Aleksic Nevenka , Ristanic Marko , Glavinic Uros , Vejnovic Branislav , Krnjaic Igor , Stanimirovic Zoran 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Apart from the efficiency of coumaphos against Varroa mites, its impact on the oxidative status and survival of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) was assessed. The research was conducted on hives from the same apiary, equalised regarding the number of bees, brood area and food storage. Based on Varroa infestation the hives were allotted to two groups: non-infested (N) and infested (I). Both groups were either treated (T) – NT and IT, or untreated (U) – NU and IU. The treatment of infested bees was controlled with a follow-up treatment with amitraz. The efficiency of coumaphos was 96-97%. This organophosphate had a negligible effect on bee survival, but it significantly affected their oxidative status: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities, and the concentrations of malonyl dialdehyde (MDA). Coumaphos significantly (p˂0.0001) decreased SOD activity in non-infested bees, but increased it in those infested. By contrast, both CAT and GST activities, as well as MDA concentrations significantly increased (from p˂0.05 to p˂0.0001) after treatment in all groups, with the exception of IT, where it declined. Coumaphos in non-infested hives caused oxidative stress per se, not unlike varroa in infested colonies. However, in infested colonies it decreased oxidative stress, owing to its efficacy against Varroa mites and contributed to the recovery of bee colonies. In spite of its certain downsides, coumaphos remains an effective anti-varroa substance, but should be used with precaution, not to add to the effects of environmental factors which may cause red-ox misbalance.
Effect of Temperature on the Properties of Nickel Sulfide Films Performed by Spray Pyrolysis Technique
Authors: Gahtar A. , Benramache S. , Zaouche C. , Boukacham A. , Sayah A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this work, we have prepared new materials of the nickel sulfide thin films by using the spray pyrolysis technique for promising co-catalyst to improve the photocatalytic performance or superconductivity. The effect of deposition temperature (523, 573 and 623 K) on structural, optical and electrical properties was investigated. The XRD diffraction shows that the prepared nickel sulfide at 523, 573 and 623 K having an orthorhombic, hexagonal and hexagonal structure, which were Ni3S2, Ni17S18 and NiS2, respectively. The minimum value of crystallite size (45,9 nm) was measured of deposited film at 573K. The thin films prepared at 523 and 573 K have an average transmittance is about 20 %. The prepared Ni1S2 thin film at T=623 K has the lowest calculated optical band gap and Urbach energy. The Ni1S2 thin film also has the best calculated of the refractive index and the extinction coefficient. The FTIR spectrums of the nickel sulfide have various bands such as Ni-S, C-H, O-H, N–H and C-S. The maximum electrical conductivity is 4,29x105 (Ω.cm)−1 was obtained at 573K of the Ni17S18. The nickel sulfide thin films sprayed at 573K have good structural, optical and electrical properties.
Families of Commuting Formal Power Series and Formal Functional Equations
Authors: Fripertinger Harald , Reich Ludwig 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this paper we describe families of commuting invertible formal power series in one indeterminate over ℂ, using the method of formal functional equations. We give a characterization of such families where the set of multipliers (first coefficients) σ of its members F (x) = σx + . . . is infinite, in particular of such families which are maximal with respect to inclusion, so called families of type I. The description of these families is based on Aczél–Jabotinsky differential equations, iteration groups, and on some results on normal forms of invertible series with respect to conjugation.