bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atom‐economical Approaches to 1,5‐Benzodiazepines Containing Indole Ring via Fe3O4@SiO2‐PTSA‐catalyzed Multi‐component Domino Reactions
Authors: Zhang KaiYue , Li Jing , Wang KaiXuan , An Xiaoying , Wang LanZhi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFour novel atom‐economical approaches for synthesis of 1,5‐dihydrospiro[benzo[b][1,4]diazepine‐2,3′‐indole] compounds via three‐component or four‐component domino reactions have been developed in the presence of a catalytic amount of magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2‐PTSA) in ethanol, which provide an efficient one‐pot synthesis of 1,5‐benzodiazepines with multi‐ring system and functional groups containing indole, aryl, ester, acyl and alkyl groups in excellent yields. In a one‐pot operation, two new nitrogen heterocycle (indole and diazepine) rings and four new chemical bonds (one C−C, two C−N and one C=C) were constructed by series of domino reactions. Furthermore, plausible catalytic synthesis reaction mechanisms have been proposed. The advantages of these methods are the green reaction process, the recyclable magnetic catalyst, mild reaction conditions, short reaction time and high yields of products.
Synthesis, Docking and Antihypertensive Activity of Pyridone Derivatives
Authors: Masaret Ghada S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA substituted 4‐((5‐cyano‐1‐ethyl‐2‐hydroxy‐4‐methyl‐6‐oxo‐1,6‐dihydropyridin‐3‐yl)diazenyl)benzene‐sulfonamides were picked up via coupling of aromatic Diazonium salt for sulfonamide derivatives on 3‐cyano‐6‐hydroxyl‐2‐pyridone derivative. The synthesized 4‐((pyridinyl)azo)benzene‐sulfonamide analogues have been evidenced through elemental and spectral analyses “FT‐IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and MS”. The produced derivatives were exposed to molecular docking to predict their antihypertensive activity toward protein databank identification number (PDB ID 6JP5) complexed with an amino acids consequent from the human Voltage‐dependent L‐type calcium channel (LCC) alpha‐1S subunit. The docking studies outcomes endorsed us to utilize these analogues in vivo antihypertensive effectiveness treatise. The Mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) of hypertensive rats injected by Dihydropyridine derivatives (DHPD) were evaluated in comparable with nifedipine that utilized as standard drug. Moreover, the vasorelaxant effectiveness of the synthesized derivatives 7 a–e were examined against the contraction induced by noradrenaline (0.1 mM, NA) on aorta rat rings.
Bayesian inference for polycrystalline materials
Authors: Matuk James , Chkrebtii Oksana , Niezgoda Stephen R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPolycrystalline materials, such as metals, are composed of heterogeneously oriented crystals. Observed crystal orientations are modelled as a sample from an orientation distribution function (ODF), which determines a variety of material properties and is therefore of great interest to practitioners. Observations consist of quaternions, four‐dimensional unit vectors reflecting both orientation and rotation of a single crystal. Thus, an ODF must account for known crystal symmetries as well as satisfy the unit length constraint. A popular method for estimating ODFs nonparametrically is symmetrized kernel density estimation. However, disadvantages of this approach include difficulty in interpreting results quantitatively, as well as in quantifying uncertainty in the ODF. We propose to use a mixture of symmetric Bingham distributions as a flexible parametric ODF model, inferring the number of mixture components, the mixture weights, and scale and location parameters based on crystal orientation data. Furthermore, our Bayesian approach allows for structured uncertainty quantification of the parameters of interest. We discuss details of the sampling methodology and conclude with analyses of various orientation datasets, interpretations of parameters of interest, and comparison with kernel density estimation methods.
Holographic spin liquids and Lovelock Chern-Simons gravity
Authors: Gallegos A.D. , Gürsoy U. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe explore the role of torsion as source of spin current in strongly interacting conformal fluids using holography. We establish the constitutive relations of the basic hydrodynamic variables, the energy-momentum tensor and the spin current based on the classification of the spin sources in irreducible Lorentz representations. The fluids we consider are assumed to be described by the five dimensional Lovelock-Chern-Simons gravity with independent vielbein and spin connection. We construct a hydrodynamic expansion that involves the stress tensor and the spin current and compute the corresponding one-point functions holographically. As a byproduct we find a class of interesting analytic solutions to the Lovelock-Chern-Simons gravity, including blackholes, by mapping the equations of motion into non-linear algebraic constraints for the sources. We also derive a Lee-Wald entropy formula for these blackholes in Chern-Simons theories with torsion. The blackhole solutions determine the thermodynamic potentials and the hydrodynamic constitutive relations in the corresponding fluid on the boundary. We observe novel spin induced transport in these holographic models: a dynamical version of the Barnett effect where vorticity generates a spin current and anomalous vortical transport transverse to a vector-like spin source.
Human papilloma virus (HPV) prevalence upon HPV vaccination in Swedish youth: a review based on our findings 2008–2018, and perspectives on cancer prevention
Authors: Du Juan , Ährlund-Richter Andreas , Näsman Anders , Dalianis Tina 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Three human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are available against up to nine HPV types. In Sweden, from 2012, Gardasil was offered to 10−12 year old girls through the school-based vaccination program, and as catchup vaccination for women up to 26 years. To obtain a baseline, and follow HPV vaccination effects, during 2008−2018, cervical and oral HPV prevalence were followed at a youth clinic in Stockholm, and in 2013 for comparison oral HPV prevalence was examined in high-school youth in a middle-sized county in Sweden.

Methods
In this review, we discuss all our data with cervical and oral mouthwash samples that were collected and tested for 24−27 HPV types by a bead-based multiplex assay from 2008.

Results
Compared with 2008−2011, with ~ 35% HPV16 and > 60% high risk (HR) HPV cervical prevalence at the youth clinic, a decrease of vaccine HPV types was observed between 2013 and 2018, with e.g., HPV16 falling to 5% in catchup vaccinated women and 15−18% in nonvaccinated women. Most common cervical HR-HPV types were HPV39, 51, 52, 56, and 59 together accounting for ~ 10% of cervical cancer, and where only HPV52 is included in Gardasil-9. At baseline 2009−2011, oral HPV prevalence was ~ 10% in unvaccinated youth at the youth clinic, but after 2013 it dropped to < 2% at the youth clinic and high schools.

Conclusion
To conclude, Gardasil HPV types have decreased, but it is still important to follow remaining HR-HPV types and cancer development, since there is an ongoing increase in the incidence of HPV-associated tonsillar and base of tongue cancer, and cervical cancer in Sweden.
Refractory neovascular age-related macular degeneration: time-dependent changes of central retinal thickness with anti-VEGF treatment
Authors: Zola Marta , D’Alessandro Elisa , Sherif Mohamed , Nguyen Audrey , De Azevedo Dominique , Haeller Céline , Forestier Edwige , Mantel Irmela 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the influence of time interval since last injection and time from baseline on central retinal thickness (CRT) in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) with fluid refractory to monthly anti-VEGF treatment.

Methods
This retrospective study included nAMD eyes with incomplete response to anti-VEGF defined by the presence of intra- or subretinal fluid on optical coherence tomography despite maximal (monthly) anti-VEGF dosing. The outcome measure was CRT, and two time variables (time from last injection ant time from baseline) were the independent factors included in the individual correlation analyses. In addition, an association analysis was performed.

Results
Sixty eyes of 56 patients (67.9% females, mean age: 78.7 ± 6.8 years) were included with a mean included time period of 35.6 months. A significant positive correlation between CRT and the time from last injection occurred in 24 (40%) and 25 (42%) eyes by univariate and multivariate analysis, respectively. Time from baseline was significantly correlated with CRT in 29 (48.3%) and 30 (50%) eyes by univariate and multivariate analysis, respectively. This correlation was positive in 12 (20%) and negative in 18 eyes (30%). No association with such correlation was found.

Conclusion
So-called refractory nAMD frequently shows a correlation of CRT with the interval in days from the preceding anti-VEGF injection, revealing that there is a subgroup of short-term responsiveness of the residual fluid. Moreover, slower CRT changes may occur over the years, either decrease or increase. In case of a slow CRT increase, this might require a diagnostic workup and therapeutic change.
Hydrothermal mineral assemblages of calcite and dolomite–analcime–pyrite in Permian lacustrine Lucaogou mudstones, eastern Junggar Basin, Northwest China
Authors: Li Hong , Liu Yiqun , Yang Kang , Liu Yongjie , Niu Yuanzhe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe eastern Junggar Basin, controlled by continental extension (rift), was deposited by lacustrine dominated sediments during middle Permian Lucaogou period. An unusual porphyritic-like texture was observed in Lucaogou/Pingdiquan dark fine-grained organic-rich sediments in two sub-tectonic units in the basin. The “phenocrysts” are composed of two types of mineral assemblages. The first is a coarse euhedral calcite assemblage in the Jimusar Sag, and the second consists of dolomite, analcime, and pyrite in the Shishugou Sag. The lithological and mineralogical features indicate a hydrothermal origin for these phenocryst-like minerals. The chondrite-normalized rare earth element patterns show flat or positive Ce anomalies and negative Eu anomalies, which reflect a suboxic to anoxic, off-axis site from the center of the fault system, where the temperature of the hydrothermal fluid might be less than 250 °C. The high ratios of BaN/LaNat 1.6–65.5, strongly positive Sr anomalies at Sr/Sr* = 5.54–39.9, and relatively low87Sr/86Sr isotopes at 0.705002–0.705776 in the coarse calcite suggest an origin of mixed sources of lake water, underlying biogenetic sediments, and deep magmatic water. However, the low87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.705321–0.705968 in the dolomite and δ34SV-CDTof 10.8‰–12.3‰ in the pyrite indicate that water–underlying-rock interaction and the abiotic thermochemical sulfate reduction of lake water or organic matter might have participated together resulting in the precipitation of the dolomite–analcime–pyrite assemblages in the Shishugou Sag.
The impact of monitoring techniques on progression to chronic breast cancer-related lymphedema: a meta-analysis comparing bioimpedance spectroscopy versus circumferential measurements
Authors: Shah Chirag , Zambelli-Weiner April , Delgado Nicole , Sier Ashley , Bauserman Robert , Nelms Jerrod 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Chronic breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is a potentially serious complication following treatment. Monitoring for progression to BCRL may allow for earlier detection and intervention, reducing the rate of progression to chronic BCRL. Therefore, the purpose of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the impact of monitoring techniques on the incidence of chronic BCRL among patients monitored by bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) and circumference as compared to background rates.

Methods
Eligible peer-reviewed studies from PubMed, CINHAL, or Google Scholar that were published in English from 2013 onward and conducted in North America, Europe, or Oceania. Incidence rates abstracted from studies were classified by BCRL monitoring method: background (no standardized BIS or circumference assessments), BIS or circumference. A random-effects model was used to calculate a pooled annualized estimate of BCRL incidence while accounting for clinical and methodological heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses examined differences in duration of follow-up as well as breast and axillary surgery.

Results
50 studies were included, representing over 67,000 women. The annualized incidence of BCRL was 4.9% (95% CI: 4.3–5.5) for background studies (n = 35), 1.5% (95% CI: 0.6–2.4) for BIS-monitored studies (n = 7), and 7.7% (95% CI: 5.6–9.8) for circumference-monitored studies (n = 11). The cumulative BCRL incidence rate in BIS-monitored patients was 3.1% as compared to 12.9% with background monitoring (69% reduction) and 17.0% with circumference-monitored patients (81% reduction).

Conclusions
Evidence suggests that monitoring with BIS allowing for early intervention significantly reduces the relative risk of chronic BCRL with a 69% and 81% reduction compared to background and circumference, respectively. Circumference monitoring did not appear to provide a benefit with respect to chronic BCRL incidence. Based on these results, BIS should be considered for BCRL screening in order to detect subclinical BCRL and reduce rates of chronic BCRL, particularly in high-risk patients.
If Artificial In Vitro Microenvironment Can Influence Tumor Drug Resistance Network via Modulation of lncRNA Expression?—Comparative Analysis of Glioblastoma-Derived Cell Culture Models and Initial Tumors In Vivo
Authors: Witusik-Perkowska Monika , Jaskólski Dariusz J. , Liberski Paweł P. , Szemraj Janusz 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe tumor resistance of glioblastoma cells in vivo is thought to be enhanced by their heterogeneity and plasticity, which are extremely difficult to curb in vitro. The external microenvironment shapes the molecular profile of tumor culture models, thus influencing potential therapy response. Our study examines the expression profile of selected lncRNAs involved in tumor resistance network in three different glioblastoma-derived models commonly utilized for testing drug response in vitro. Differential expression analysis revealed significant divergence in lncRNA profile between parental tumors and tumor-derived cell cultures in vitro, including the following particles: MALAT1, CASC2, H19, TUSC7, XIST, RP11-838N2.4, DLX6-AS1, GLIDR, MIR210HG, SOX2-OT. The examined lncRNAs influence the phenomenon of tumor resistance via their downstream target genes through a variety of processes: multi-drug resistance, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, autophagy, cell proliferation and viability, and DNA repair. A comparison of in vivo and in vitro expression identified differences in the levels of potential lncRNA targets, with the highest discrepancies detected for the MDR1, LRP1, BCRP and MRP1 genes. Co-expression analyses confirmed the following interrelations: MALAT1–TYMS, MALAT1–MRP5, H19–ZEB1, CASC2–VIM, CASC2–N-CAD; they additionally suggest the possibility of MALAT1–BCRP, MALAT1–mTOR and TUSC7–PTEN interconnections in glioblastoma. Although our results clearly demonstrate that the artificial ex vivo microenvironment changes the profile of lncRNAs related to tumor resistance, it is difficult to anticipate the final phenotypic effect, since this phenomenon is a complex one that involves a network of molecular interactions underlying a variety of cellular processes.
The Local Provision of Restorative Justice in Scotland: an Exploratory Empirical Study
Authors: Maglione Giuseppe , Buchan Jamie , Robertson Laura 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article presents the results of the first empirical qualitative research on the provision of restorative justice (RJ) in Scotland, based on interviews with 14 practitioners. In Scotland, RJ has attracted the attention of penal reformers and practitioners since the late 1980s, offering an alternative to criminal justice practices based on retribution and/or rehabilitation whilst promising to reduce reoffending and heal people harmed by crime. In 2017, the Scottish Government has fully recognized the existence of RJ by issuing the first national ‘Guidance’ for the delivery of this process, followed by an ambitious ‘Action Plan’. In spite of such a long-lasting interest and recent policy recognition, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the organization and actual delivery of RJ in Scotland. In fact, research on this subject is scant, anecdotal and dated. This article addresses this knowledge gap by presenting original data on the provision of RJ within Scottish local authorities. The findings show similar understandings of RJ, context-specific organizational models and common systemic challenges characterizing RJ providers, generating evidence to critically assess recent Scottish policy on RJ, whilst drawing implications with relevance for the development of RJ across Europe.
Evidence of apple blotch resistance in wild apple germplasm (Malus spp.) accessions
Authors: Wöhner Thomas , Emeriewen Ofere Francis , Höfer Monika 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDiplocarpon coronariae causes apple blotch, which results in significant economic losses. Resistance to apple blotch in commercial apple cultivars has not been reported in recent literature. The Malus germplasm collection from the Fruit Genebank of the Julius Kühn-Institut that is maintained in Dresden, Germany consists of 516 accessions of about 49 Malus species. This apple gene pool was evaluated for resistance to Diplocarpon coronariae. A four-year field survey was subsequently followed by artificial inoculation of field-selected accessions. Fifteen accessions that represent nine different species and hybrids were confirmed to be highly resistant following a repeated inoculation assay in the laboratory. The results from this investigation is of high interest to breeders for future apple breeding programmes and investigations of resistance to Diplocarpon coronariae.
Developing benthic monitoring programmes to support precise and representative status assessments: a case study from the Baltic Sea
Authors: Nygård Henrik , Lindegarth Mats , Darr Alexander , Dinesen Grete E. , Eigaard Ole R. , Lips Inga 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBenthic habitats and communities are key components of the marine ecosystem. Securing their functioning is a central aim in marine environmental management, where monitoring data provide the base for assessing the state of marine ecosystems. In the Baltic Sea, a > 50-year-long tradition of zoobenthic monitoring exists. However, the monitoring programmes were designed prior to the current policies, primarily to detect long-term trends at basin-scale and are thus not optimal to fulfil recent requirements such as area-based periodic status assessments. Here, we review the current monitoring programmes and assess the precision and representativity of the monitoring data in status assessments to identify routes for improvement. At present, the monitoring is focused on soft-bottoms, not accounting for all habitat types occurring in the Baltic Sea. Evaluating the sources of variance in the assessment data revealed that the component accounting for variability among stations forms the largest proportion of the uncertainty. Furthermore, it is shown that the precision of the status estimates can be improved, with the current number of samples. Reducing sampling effort per station, but sampling more stations, is the best option to improve precision in status assessments. Furthermore, by allocating the sampling stations more evenly in the sub-basins, a better representativity of the area can be achieved. However, emphasis on securing the long-term data series is needed if changes to the monitoring programmes are planned.
A new taxonomy of global optimization algorithms
Authors: Stork Jörg , Eiben A. E. , Bartz-Beielstein Thomas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSurrogate-based optimization, nature-inspired metaheuristics, and hybrid combinations have become state of the art in algorithm design for solving real-world optimization problems. Still, it is difficult for practitioners to get an overview that explains their advantages in comparison to a large number of available methods in the scope of optimization. Available taxonomies lack the embedding of current approaches in the larger context of this broad field. This article presents a taxonomy of the field, which explores and matches algorithm strategies by extracting similarities and differences in their search strategies. A particular focus lies on algorithms using surrogates, nature-inspired designs, and those created by automatic algorithm generation. The extracted features of algorithms, their main concepts, and search operators, allow us to create a set of classification indicators to distinguish between a small number of classes. The features allow a deeper understanding of components of the search strategies and further indicate the close connections between the different algorithm designs. We present intuitive analogies to explain the basic principles of the search algorithms, particularly useful for novices in this research field. Furthermore, this taxonomy allows recommendations for the applicability of the corresponding algorithms.
Complicated pyelonephritis associated with chronic renal stone disease
Authors: Ciccarese Federica , Brandi Nicolò , Corcioni Beniamino , Golfieri Rita , Gaudiano Caterina 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
This article reviews imaging manifestations of complicated pyelonephritis associated with chronic renal stones disease, in particular xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) and emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN), as potential mimics of other renal diseases and malignances and provides helpful tips and differentiating features that may alert the radiologist to suspect a diagnosis of infection.

Materials and methods
A retrospective review of the records from 6 adult patients (5 females and 1 male, mean age 72,3 years) with diagnosis of XGP associated with chronic nephrolithiasis and 7 adult patients (6 females and 1 male, mean age 59,3 years) with diagnosis of EPN associated with chronic nephrolithiasis from January 2010 to January 2020 was carried out. Computed tomography urography (CTU) with at least an unenhanced scan, and the parenchymal and excretory phases after contrast medium administration performed at our Teaching Hospital were included. When available images related to conventional radiography, ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging of the same patients, the comparison with CTU images was carried out.

Conclusion
A possible diagnosis of XGP or EPN must always be taken into account when a pyelonephritis is associated with untreated kidney stones, especially whenever clinical presentation is atypical, current therapy is not effective and imaging shows features of dubious interpretation. Due to their rarity and atypical presentation, a multidisciplinary approach is required and an expert radiologist represents a key figure in the multidisciplinary team as he can help to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions and thus avoid unnecessary radical surgical procedures.