bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Männer, Männlichkeit, Sucht
Authors: Klein Michael 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Suchterkrankungen in Bezug auf Alkohol, Nikotin, illegale Drogen und Glücksspiel stellen mit großem Abstand die häufigste psychische Störung bei Männern dar. Ergebnisse: Etwa drei Viertel der Alkohol- und Drogenabhängigen sowie Glücksspielsüchtigen sind Männer. Deshalb sind geschlechtsspezifische Ursachenforschung, Prävention und Behandlung von großer Wichtigkeit. Die Mehrzahl der bisher durchgeführten geschlechtsspezifischen Studien bezieht sich auf alkoholbezogene Probleme. Dies ist bislang in Bezug auf suchtkranke Männer zu wenig verwirklicht. Acht zentrale Ursachen für problematischen Substanzkonsum bei Männern sind zu benennen: (1) biologische Risiken, (2) Rollenstereotype, (3) externalisierende und impulsive Persönlichkeitsfaktoren, (4) Peer-Druck und Konformismus, (5) Angst, Depression und Selbstwertprobleme, (6) Stressreduktionsversuch, (7) Einsamkeitsprobleme und (8) Abhängigkeits-Autonomiekonflikt. In Bezug auf Prävention und Therapie wird ein stets um eine jungen- und männerspezifische Perspektive erweitertes Vorgehen empfohlen und mit Beispielen erläutert. Dazu zählen im deutschen Sprachbereich vor allem Programme wie „Männlichkeiten und Sucht“ oder „VIKTOR – Hilfen für ältere alkoholabhängige Männer“. Schlussfolgerungen: In der Psychotherapie tätige Fachkräfte können durch Frühintervention, zieloffene Suchttherapie und geschlechterreflektierte Behandlungen wichtige Beiträge zur Verbesserung der Versorgungslage leisten.
Changing Extreme Precipitation Patterns in Nepal Over 1971–2015
Authors: Luo Yinxue , Wang Lang , Hu Chenxi , Hao Lu , Sun Ge 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper provides a comprehensive and comparative analysis of extreme precipitation patterns from 1971 to 2015 in Nepal, a data scarce, but “hot spot” region in global climate change. We compare in‐situ observations and gridded precipitation data from the Asian Precipitation Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration Toward Evaluation of Water Resources (APHRODITE). Using 11 precipitation indices, we show that high‐intensity (RX1day, R95pTOT, R99pTOT) and frequency‐related indices (R10 mm, R20 mm) have decreased but annual maximum consecutive dry and wet days have increased. Observations affirm these trends found by the APHRODITE, but show smaller magnitudes likely due to differences in measurements at locations made below the 3,000 m elevation line. Spatially, the relatively dry western region has become wetter, and the relatively wet eastern region has become drier post‐2003. The weakening of the South Asia Monsoon circulation, particularly assessed by the Webster and Yang Monsoon Index, correlates strongly with extreme precipitation indices. Changes in upper‐level jet and associated lower‐level monsoon trough are identified as critical factors influencing the extreme precipitation trend post‐2003. This study is the first to confirm the efficacy of APHRODITE in providing spatial and temporal precipitation patterns in a data‐limited region. We conclude that monsoon weakened circulations and changes in regional wind fields play dominant roles in the long‐term temporal and spatial trends of extreme precipitation in Nepal. The reduced precipitation extremes in the wet eastern region may somewhat lessen severe flooding and erosion, but the drier western region may face heightened risks in precipitation‐related hazards in Nepal.
Complex Fluid‐Driven Fractures Caused by Crack‐Parallel Stress
Authors: Li Wenfeng , Frash Luke P. , Carey J. William , Welch Nathan J. , Meng Meng , Viswanathan Hari S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractManaging fluid‐driven fracture networks is crucial for subsurface resource utilization, yet the current understanding of the key controlling factors remains insufficient. While geologic discontinuities have been shown to significantly influence fracture network complexity, this study identifies another major contributor. We conducted a new set of experiments using a transparent true triaxial cell, which enabled video recording of the temporal evolution of fluid‐driven fracture paths. Using pseudo‐2D samples without macroscale structural discontinuities, we observed multiple occurrences of hydraulic fracture curving and branching under anisotropic boundary stresses. We proposed a theoretical model demonstrating that the stress parallel to the crack line in the solid matrix near the crack tip (i.e., the T‐stress) accounts for the observed fracture curving behavior. This finding suggests that T‐stress is an additional mechanism contributing to the complexity of fluid‐driven fracture networks in the subsurface, besides the geologic discontinuities.
Turbulent Energy Conversion Associated With Kinetic Microinstabilities in Earth's Magnetosheath
Authors: Lewis Harry C. , Stawarz Julia E. , Matteini Lorenzo , Franci Luca , Klein Kristopher G. , Wicks Robert T. , Salem Chadi S. , Horbury Timothy S. , Wang Joseph H. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPlasma in Earth's magnetosheath rarely experiences interparticle collisions, so kinetic microinstabilities are thought to contribute to regulating the plasma thermodynamics. Instabilities excite waves and redistribute free energy in velocity space, reducing free energy in the velocity distribution function (VDF). Using 24 hr of data spread over 163 intervals of in situ magnetosheath observations by Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS), we investigate signatures of energy conversion where the turbulent dynamics have locally distorted the VDFs into non‐Maxwellian shapes, in the context of electron and ion temperature anisotropy driven instabilities. We find enhanced average energy conversion into the particles along instability boundaries, suggesting turbulence plays a role in redistributing free energy. In so doing, we quantify the energetics associated with unstable conditions for both species. This work provides insight into the open question of how specific plasma processes couple into the turbulent dynamics, ultimately leading to energy dissipation and particle energization in collisionless plasmas.
Electroconvulsive therapy-specific volume changes in nuclei of the amygdala and their relationship to long-term anxiety improvement in depression
Authors: Ishikawa Yuzuki , Oishi Naoya , Kyuragi Yusuke , Hatakoshi Momoko , Hirano Jinichi , Noda Takamasa , Yoshihara Yujiro , Ito Yuri , Miyata Jun , Nemoto Kiyotaka , Fujita Yoshihisa , Igarashi Hiroyuki , Takahashi Kento , Murakami Shingo , Kanno Hiroyuki , Izumi Yudai , Takamiya Akihiro , Matsumoto Junya , Kodaka Fumitoshi , Nakagome Kazuyuki , Mimura Masaru , Murai Toshiya , Suwa Taro 
Published: December 2024

AbstractElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the most effective treatments for depression. ECT induces volume changes in the amygdala, a key center of anxiety. However, the clinical relevance of ECT-induced changes in amygdala volume remains uncertain. We hypothesized that nuclei-specific amygdala volumes and anxiety symptoms in depression could explain the clinical correlates of ECT-induced volume changes. To test this hypothesis, we enrolled patients with depression who underwent ECT (N = 20) in this multicenter observational study and collected MRI data at three time points: before and after treatment and a 6-month follow-up. Patients who received medication (N = 52), cognitive behavioral therapy (N = 63), or transcranial magnetic stimulation (N = 20), and healthy participants (N = 147) were included for comparison. Amygdala nuclei were identified using FreeSurfer and clustered into three subdivisions to enhance reliability and interpretability. Anxiety symptoms were quantified using the anxiety factor scores derived from the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Before treatment, basolateral and basomedial subdivisions of the right amygdala were smaller than those of healthy controls. The volumes of the amygdala subdivisions increased after ECT and decreased during the follow-up period, but the volumes at 6-month follow-up were larger than those observed before treatment. These volume changes were specific to ECT. Long-term volume changes in the right basomedial amygdala correlated with improvements in anxiety symptoms. Baseline volumes in the right basolateral amygdala correlated with long-term improvements in anxiety symptoms. These findings demonstrate that clinical correlates of ECT-induced amygdala volume changes are existent, but in a nucleus and symptom-specific manner.
Development of a RIPK1 degrader to enhance antitumor immunity
Authors: Yu Xin , Lu Dong , Qi Xiaoli , Paudel Rishi Ram , Lin Hanfeng , Holloman Bryan L. , Jin Feng , Xu Longyong , Ding Lang , Peng Weiyi , Wang Meng C. , Chen Xi , Wang Jin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe scaffolding function of receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) confers intrinsic and extrinsic resistance to immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) and emerges as a promising target for improving cancer immunotherapies. To address the challenge posed by a poorly defined binding pocket within the intermediate domain of RIPK1, here we harness proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology to develop a RIPK1 degrader, LD4172. LD4172 exhibits potent and selective RIPK1 degradation both in vitro and in vivo. Degradation of RIPK1 by LD4172 triggers immunogenic cell death, enhances tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte responses, and sensitizes tumors to anti-PD1 therapy in female C57BL/6J mice. This work reports a RIPK1 degrader that serves as a chemical probe for investigating the scaffolding functions of RIPK1 and as a potential therapeutic agent to enhance tumor responses to ICBs therapy.
Genomic and transmission dynamics of the 2024 Marburg virus outbreak in Rwanda
Authors: Butera Yvan , Mutesa Leon , Parker Edyth , Muvunyi Raissa , Umumararungu Esperance , Ayitewala Alisen , Musabyimana Jean Pierre , Olono Alhaji , Sesonga Placide , Ogunsanya Olusola , Kabalisa Emmanuel , Adedokun Oluwatobi , Gahima Nelson , Irankunda Laetitia , Mutezemariya Chantal , Niyonkuru Richard , Uwituze Arlene , Uwizera Ithiel , Kagame James , Umugwaneza Arlette , Rwabuhihi John , Umwanankabandi Fidele , Mbonitegeka Valens , Ntagwabira Edouard , Kayigi Etienne , Izuwayo Gerard , Murenzi Herve , Mukankwiro Therese , Tuyiringire Nasson , Uwimana Jean Marie Vianney , Gasengayire Agnes , Sindayiheba Reuben , Onyeugo Glory-Ugochi , Aragaw Merawi , Gitundu Lenny , Bigirimana Radjabu , Fallah Mosoka , Ejikeme Adaora , Sembuche Senga , Kabanda Alice , Mugisha Jean Claude , Francis Emmanuel Edwar Siddig , Gashema Pierre , Ndayisenga Jerome , Rugamba Alexis , Kanyabwisha Faustin , Murenzi Gad , Happi Anise , Ngabonziza Jean Claude Semuto , Gashegu Misbah , Ahmed Ayman , Bigirimana Noella , Rwagasore Edson , Semakula Muhammed , Rwabihama Jean Paul , Musanabaganwa Clarisse , Seruyange Eric , Nkeshimana Menelas , Twagirumugabe Theogene , Turatsinze David , Remera Eric , Gahamanyi Noel , Tessema Sofonias Kifle , Mukagatare Isabelle , Nsanzimana Sabin , Happi Christian , Muvunyi Claude Mambo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The ongoing outbreak of Marburg virus disease in Rwanda marks the third largest historically, although it has shown the lowest fatality rate. Genomic analysis of samples from 18 cases identified a lineage with limited internal diversity, closely related to a 2014 Ugandan case. Our findings suggest that the Rwandan lineage diverged decades ago from a common ancestor shared with diversity sampled from bats in Uganda. Our genomic data reveal limited genetic variation, consistent with a single zoonotic transmission event and limited human-to-human transmission. Investigations including contact tracing, clinical assessments, sequencing and serology, linked the index case to a mining cave inhabited by Rousettus aegyptiacus. Serology tests identified three individuals seropositive for immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M, further supporting the zoonotic origin of the outbreak through human–animal interactions.
A quantitative multi-parameter mapping protocol standardized for clinical research in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Trang Henri , Hartung Tim J. , Chen Qianlan , Hetzer Stefan , Chien Claudia , Sperber Pia S. , Schmitz-Hübsch Tanja , Asseyer Susanna , Rust Rebekka , Mewes Darius , Anderhalten Lina , Sy Michael , Brandt Alexander U. , Finke Carsten , Paul Friedemann 
Published: December 2024

AbstractQuantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) involves mapping microstructure in standardized units sensitive to histological properties and supplements conventional MRI, which relies on contrast weighted images where intensities have no biophysical meaning. While measuring tissue properties such as myelin, iron or water content is desired in a disease context, qMRI changes may typically reflect mixed influences from aging or pre-clinical degeneration. We used a fast multi-parameter mapping (MPM) protocol for clinical routine at 3T to reconstruct whole-brain quantitative maps of magnetization transfer saturation (MT), proton density (PD), longitudinal (R1), and transverse relaxation rate (R2*) with 1.6 mm isotropic resolution. We report reference MPM values from a healthy population with age and gender distributions typical of multiple sclerosis in whole brain white matter (WM), T2-weighted WM hyperintensities, cortical grey matter and deep grey matter regions and present post-processing optimizations including integration of lesions and normalization of PD maps against cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for standardized research in multiple sclerosis (MS) and potentially also in related disorders. PD maps were affected by WM abnormalities in MS using WM calibration. The results acknowledge the impact of non-linear age effects on MPM and suggest using CSF calibration for future clinical application in MS.
Effect of berry maturity stages on the germination and protein constituents of African nightshade (Solanum scabrum) seeds
Authors: Ekhuya Noella Andenyi , Onyango Mary Abukutsa , Senkler Jennifer , Winkelmann Traud , Bündig Christin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAfrican nightshade (Solanum scabrum) is a vegetable of great importance in several African countries. Production by seed is constrained by limited access to high quality seed, leaving farmers unable to meet the growing demand. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of berry maturity stages (mature green and purple) on germination and protein components of African nightshade seeds. Nine accessions were used for the germination assays and three selected for the proteomics. The seeds harvested at the purple ripe stage showed a higher germination percentage than seeds harvested at the mature green stage. Seeds of three accessions, which showed different germination responses depending on maturity, were subjected to gel-based proteome comparison followed by mass spectrometry. Analysis revealed a total of 563 spots, of which 19–23% were differentially abundant between the two harvest times. This is the first study to utilise proteomics in African nightshade. Four types of seed storage proteins were identified. Identified proteins were associated with seed maturation, indicating more advanced maturation stages in accessions with higher germination capacity. In addition, a reference proteome map of S. scabrum was created using GelMap platform (www.gelmap.de). Colour change of African nightshade berries seems to be a suitable indicator for seed maturity.
Energy-resolved fast-neutron radiography using an event-mode neutron imaging detector
Authors: Wolfertz Alexander , Losko Adrian , Long Alexander M. , Brodish Sophia , Craft Aaron E. , Khaplanov Anton , Vogel Sven C. , Nelson Ronald O. , Wender Stephen A. , Tremsin Anton , Hirsh Tsviki Y. , Jäger Tim T. , Morgano Manuel , Feng Patrick 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEnergy-resolved fast-neutron radiography is a powerful non-destructive technique that can be used to remotely measure the quantity and distribution of elements and isotopes in a sample. This is done by comparing the energy-dependent neutron transmission of a sample with the known cross-sections of individual isotopes. The reconstruction of the composition is possible due to the unique features (e.g. resonances) in the cross-sections of individual isotopes. At short-pulsed ($${\lesssim }$$ 1 ns) neutron sources, such information is accessible via time-of-flight neutron imaging in principle, but requires a detector with nanosecond temporal resolution. Conventional neutron detectors can meet this requirement only by heavily compromising spatial resolution or efficiency. Here, we present a unique approach on fast neutron resonance radiography using a scintillator-based event-mode imaging detector at a short-pulsed neutron source, including first results on spatially mapped resonance profiles using MeV neutrons. The event mode approach applied in the presented detector allows recording of individual neutron interactions with nanosecond precision in time and sub-mm resolution in space. As a result, the entire available neutron energy spectrum can be measured for each pulse. At the same time, the use of a thick scintillator screen and lenses to focus the produced light results in a highly flexible field of view and a high interaction probability in the sensitive volume of the detector.
Re-design and evaluation of diclofenac-based carborane-substituted prodrugs and their anti-cancer potential
Authors: Selg Christoph , Gordić Vuk , Krajnović Tamara , Buzharevski Antonio , Laube Markus , Kazimir Aleksandr , Lönnecke Peter , Wolniewicz Mara , Sárosi Menyhárt B. , Schädlich Jonas , Pietzsch Jens , Mijatović Sanja , Maksimović-Ivanić Danijela , Hey-Hawkins Evamarie 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this study, we investigated a novel anti-cancer drug design approach by revisiting diclofenac-based carborane-substituted prodrugs. The redesigned compounds combine the robust carborane scaffold with the oxindole framework, resulting in four carborane-derivatized oxindoles and a unique zwitterionic amidine featuring a nido-cluster. We tested the anti-cancer potential of these prodrugs against murine colon adenocarcinoma (MC38), human colorectal carcinoma (HCT116), and human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT29). The tests showed that diclofenac and the carborane-substituted oxindoles exhibited no cytotoxicity, the dichlorophenyl-substituted oxindole had moderate anti-cancer activity, while with the amidine this effect was strongly potentiated with activity mapping within low micromolar range. Compound 3 abolished the viability of selected colon cancer cell line MC38 preferentially through strong inhibition of cell division and moderate apoptosis accompanied by ROS/RNS depletion. Our findings suggest that carborane-based prodrugs could be a promising direction for new anti-cancer therapies. Inhibition assays for COX-1 and COX-2 revealed that while diclofenac had strong COX inhibition, the re-engineered carborane compounds demonstrated a varied range of anti-cancer effects, probably owing to both, COX inhibition and COX-independent pathways.
Syntactic Growth of Adolescent Boys With Fragile X Syndrome or Down Syndrome: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Linert Jamie , Finestack Lizbeth H. , Abbeduto Leonard 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
The current study addresses a gap in the literature regarding syntactic development of adolescent boys with fragile X syndrome (FXS) and Down syndrome (DS). Specifically, we ask whether syntactic skills plateau or continue to change during adolescence for these groups and whether the profile of syntactic change differs between boys with FXS and those with DS.

Method:
Participants were 38 boys with FXS (with and without autism) and 20 boys with DS between the ages of 10 and 16 years, as well as 33 boys who were neurotypical between the ages of 3 and 8 years at study entry. Trained examiners evaluated the participants annually for four consecutive years. The evaluation included standardized language assessments and a conversational language sample, which was analyzed using mean length of utterance–morphemes and the Index of Productive Syntax. For each measure, we fit a series of candidate models, including the intercept-only model and models with nonverbal cognition and maternal IQ as moderators. We then used Akaike's information criteria–corrected to determine which model in a candidate set had the most empirical evidence.

Results:
Our between-groups results indicated that FXS and DS have distinct syntactic profiles. However, our growth analyses and moderator analyses yielded mixed results. For most measures, the most likely models suggest that there is no plateau in the growth of syntactic skills for boys with FXS or DS and that nonverbal cognition is associated with the rate of change.

Conclusions:
These results suggest that syntactic change continues to occur throughout adolescence for boys with FXS or DS. The results also indicate that the growth profiles are distinct between the two groups. Future research with more participants from more diverse backgrounds would add more clarity to these findings.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27984548
Speech Development Between 30 and 119 Months in Typical Children III: Interaction Between Speaking Rate and Intelligibility
Authors: Mahr Tristan J. , Rathouz Paul J. , Hustad Katherine C. 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
Earlier work has established developmental benchmarks for intelligibility and articulation rate, but the intersection of these two variables, especially within individual children, has received limited attention. This study examines the interaction between intelligibility and speaking rate in typically developing children between the ages 2;6 and 9;11 (years;months) and evaluates whether children show a speed–accuracy trade-off in their habitual speech production.

Method:
Speech samples of varying lengths were collected from 538 typically developing children. Intelligibility was measured as the number of words correctly transcribed by untrained adult listeners, and speaking rate was calculated in number of syllables per second. Regression models estimated the effects of age, utterance length, and speaking rate on intelligibility.

Results:
Intelligibility and speaking rate were positively correlated overall but weakly correlated after adjusting for age. In regression analyses, intelligibility increased with age and decreased with utterance length, and there was a trend for intelligibility to decrease with increased speaking rate, especially in longer utterances. At the individual level, for most children, there was a negative effect of speaking rate on intelligibility.

Conclusions:
Our findings provide evidence from a large-scale sample for the hypothesis that children's speech is subject to a speed–accuracy trade-off where increased speaking rate leads to reduced articulatory accuracy and hence reduced intelligibility. Further research is needed on how to apply this trade-off in a clinical setting.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27964125