bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between physical activity and general health in teachers of the universities of medical sciences of Fars Province
Authors: Sobhanian S. , Khoshnam E. , Naderian M. , Barhagh HD. 
Published: February 2020

El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar la asociación entre actividad física y salud general en profesores de las universidades de ciencias médicas de Fars (Irán). La muestra de este estudio analítico transversal estuvo compuesta por 244 profesores de las universidades de ciencias médicas de Fars (Irán) en 2018. El instrumento de recopilación de datos incluyó un cuestionario de tres secciones: 1) Características demográficas (edad, género e ingresos del hogar). 2) Cuestionario breve para la medición de la actividad física habitual en estudios epidemiológicos. 3) Cuestionario de salud general de Goldberg. El análisis de los datos se realizó con SPSS 16. Los resultados mostraron que no había relación estadística significativa entre la actividad física y las subescalas de salud general en la muestra estudiada. Se recomiendan estudios futuros sobre este tema con muestras más grandes y en otras regiones.
The aim of this study was to examine the association between physical activity and general health in faculty members of the Universities of Medical Sciences of Fars (Iran). The sample of this cross-sectional analytical study was composed of 244 faculty members of the Universities of Medical Sciences of Fars (Iran) in 2018. The data collection instrument included a three-section questionnaire: 1) Demographic characteristics (age, gender, and household income). 2) Short questionnaire for the measurement of habitual physical activity in epidemiological studies. 3) Goldberg General Health Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 16. The results showed that there was no significant statistical relationship between physical activity and general health subscales in the sample studied. Future studies about this topic with larger samples and in other regions are recommended.
Earthquake Forecast Verification for Northwestern Turkey
Authors: KARACA Hakan 
Published: February 2020

Seismic events have a pattern of recurrence in magnitude, time and space. Considerable effort is being spent to identify seismic patterns and successfully predict future earthquakes by using the recognized patterns. As a result of these intensive efforts, a variety of methods has been proposed. As the knowledge and experience in the field accumulated in parallel to the variety of the methods proposed, it was deemed necessary to test the performance of some of the highlighted methods, especially considering the wide reception of methods utilizing spatially smoothed seismicity (SSS), pattern informatics (PI) and Relative Intensity (RI). The performance of these methods in the prediction of future earthquakes has been selected for investigation. The investigated area is the region bounded by 270-330 in longitudes and 39.80-410 in latitudes, well known for the North Anatolian Fault. The period of coverage has been selected such as to maximize the length with the minimum magnitude of completeness. As a result of such optimization, the period from 1973 to 2019 has been selected with minimum magnitude of completeness being determined as 3.8. In order to measure the relative performance of the methods, relative operating characteristic (ROC) analysis has been utilized. The method based on SSS has been adapted to the related ROC procedures, while the results of PI and RI methods are already suitable for the evaluation by ROC procedures. After the analysis was completed, according to the ROC procedures, none of the methods were singled out in forecast performance. However, when the ratio of hits versus total alarms and the area covered by the alarms, PI method outperforms two other methods by its efficiency.
Foot Shape and Asymmetry in the Charcot Foot: Assessment Using the Foot Posture Index
Authors: Young Joshua 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN), or the Charcot foot, is a complication usually associated with diabetes that frequently results in changes in foot shape and structure that have an effect on function and risk of ulceration. This study aimed to assess foot shape and asymmetry in CN using the Foot Posture Index (FPI-6).

Methods:
Case notes of patients with CN seen in a diabetic orthotic clinic were reviewed, and available FPI-6 data were analyzed. A comparison group of patients with diabetes without CN was also identified. Groups were compared according to published ranges of foot posture and asymmetry using the Fisher exact test.

Results:
Twenty-seven patients with CN with 28 affected feet and a comparison group of 27 patients with diabetes only were identified. There was large variation in FPI-6 scores in affected (1 to 12) and unaffected (–1 to 10) feet. Mean scores for affected feet (6.82) and unaffected feet (5.05) differed significantly (P = .005). Considering all FPI-6 scores as positive numbers to indicate mean absolute difference between affected and unaffected feet, CN-affected feet differed by a mean of 3.00 points from unaffected feet. Patients in the CN group were less likely to have asymmetry in the normal range than the comparison group (P = .0146).

Conclusions:
This study provides new data on foot shape after CN. Patients with CN have feet that are significantly asymmetrical, and the affected foot may be more pronated or supinated. Feet affected by CN are characterized by shape, which is more frequently outside the normal range. The FPI-6 may be suitable for more widespread use in assessment and outcome measurement.
Adverse Effects of Coumestrol and Genistein on Mammary Morphogenesis and Future Milk Production Ability of Mammary Epithelial Cells
Authors: Kumai Aogu , Tsugami Yusaku , Wakasa Haruka , Suzuki Norihiro , Suzuki Takahiro , Nishimura Takanori , Kobayashi Ken 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIsoflavones are a class of flavonoids present in legumes and are called phytoestrogens because of their estrogen‐like activity. Endogenous estrogen is well known to regulate mammary gland morphogenesis during pregnancy. Each isoflavone also has different physiological activities. However, it is difficult to investigate the direct effect of each isoflavone in mammary morphogenesis in vivo because isoflavones are metabolized into different isoflavones by enteric bacteria. In this study, investigated are the direct influences of coumestrol, daidzein, and genistein on mammary structure development and future milk production ability of mammary epithelial cells (MECs) using in vitro culture models. Mouse MECs are cultured in Matrigel with basic fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor to induce ductal branching and alveolar formation, respectively. Coumestrol and genistein inhibit ductal branching and alveolar formation by affecting the proliferation and migration of MECs with the induction of apoptosis. Daidzein hardly influences mammary structure development. Furthermore, pretreatment with coumestrol adversely affects the induction of milk production ability of MECs. These results suggest that each isoflavone differentially influences mammary morphogenesis and future milk production by affecting MEC behaviors. These results also suggest that the culture models are effective to study mammary epithelial morphogenesis in vitro.
Life in a fragment: Evolution of foraging strategies of translocated collared brown lemurs, Eulemur collaris, over an 18‐year period
Authors: Donati Giuseppe , Campera Marco , Balestri Michela , Barresi Marta , Kesch Kristina , Ndremifidy Kelard , Rabenantoandro Jonhy , Racevska Elena , Randriatafika Faly , Ravaolahy Murielle , Ravoahangy Andriamandranto M. , Roma Marika , Rowe Fiona , Santini Luca , Serra Valentina , Zander Stacey L. , Tsagnangara Cedric , Vincelette Manon , Ramanamanjato Jean‐Baptiste 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWhile the drivers of primate persistence in forest fragments have been often considered at the population level, the strategies to persist in these habitats have been little investigated at the individual or group level. Considering the rapid variation of fragment characteristics over time, longitudinal data on primates living in fragmented habitats are necessary to understand the key elements for their persistence. Since translocated animals have to cope with unfamiliar areas and face unknown fluctuations in food abundance, they offer the opportunity to study the factors contributing to successful migration between fragments. Here, we illustrated the evolution of the foraging strategies of translocated collared brown lemurs (Eulemur collaris) over an 18‐year period in the Mandena Conservation Zone, south‐east Madagascar. Our aim was to explore the ability of these frugivorous lemurs to adjust to recently colonized fragmented forests. Although the lemurs remained mainly frugivorous throughout the study period, over the years we identified a reduction in the consumption of leaves and exotic/pioneer plant species. These adjustments were expected in frugivorous primates living in a degraded area, but we hypothesize that they may also reflect the initial need to cope with an unfamiliar environment after the translocation. Since fragmentation is often associated with the loss of large trees and native vegetation, we suggest that the availability of exotic and/or pioneer plant species can provide an easy‐to‐access, nonseasonal food resource and be a key factor for persistence during the initial stage of the recolonization.
Copeptin in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Goetze Jens P. , Støving René Klinkby 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveAntidiuretic hormone (ADH) is involved in the response to stress and in depression and anxiety. However, studies on ADH in anorexia nervosa (AN) show conflicting results. A major reason for this may be methodological challenges due to short half‐life of ADH in circulation and rapid degradation in vitro. To overcome these obstacles, copeptin, the C‐terminal fragment stemming from the ADH precursor, has been increasingly used as a stable clinical measure for ADH. Furthermore, copeptin has been recognized as a biomarker of insulin resistance in obesity.MethodsWe measured fasting copeptin in plasma from 25 normohydrated, stable women with AN (BMI 13.0 ± 2.0) and 25 age‐matched women.ResultsNo difference in copeptin levels was found (6.8 ± 1.8 vs. 5.5 ± 0.5 pmol/L). Confirmatory, copeptin concentrations were correlated to insulin resistance assessed by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.DiscussionWe report for the first time that copeptin level as a marker of ADH activity is not altered in fluid‐ and electrolyte‐stabilized patients with severe AN patients, indicating that ADH may not be crucial in the pathophysiological involvement of psychologic stress in AN.
Commercially Available CuO Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes Using Ammonia Borane as a Hydrogen Source
Authors: Du Jialei , Chen Jie , Xia Hehuan , Zhao Yiwei , Wang Fang , Liu Hong , Zhou Weijia , Wang Bin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTandem ammonia borane dehydrogenation and nitroarenes hydrogenation has been reported as a novel strategy for the preparation of aromatic amines. However, the practical application of this strategy is subjected to the high‐cost and tedious preparation of supported noble metal nanocatalysts. The commercially available CuO powder is herein demonstrated to be a robust catalyst for hydrogenation of nitroarenes using ammonia borane as a hydrogen source under mild conditions. Numerous amines (even sterically hindered, halogenated, and diamines) could be obtained through this method. This monometallic catalyst is characteristic of support‐free, excellent chemoselectivity, low‐cost, and high recyclability, which will favor its future utilization in preparative reduction chemistry. Mechanistic studies are also carried out to clarify that diazene and azoxybenzene are key intermediates of this heterogeneous reduction.
Systematic Material Study Reveals TiNb2O7 as a Model Wide‐Bandgap Photoanode Material for Solar Water Splitting
Authors: Burns Eric. W. , Pergolesi Daniele , Schmidt Thomas J. , Lippert Thomas , Daramalla Venkateswarlu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis work reveals that photoanodes based on TiNb2O7 (TNO) powder show remarkable water‐oxidation properties including nearly ideal charge‐transfer and charge‐injection efficiencies. Furthermore, using a simplified photoanode construction and carefully surveying the structural and morphological characteristics of oriented and polycrystalline thin films and powder‐based samples revealed that the water‐splitting kinetics of TNO is negligibly effected by surface morphology; instead, internal grain boundaries likely play a driving role. The current powder‐based TNO photoanodes exhibit ideal water‐oxidation kinetics and oxidize water at minimal applied biases under illumination; consequently, TNO exhibits an early onset photocurrent voltage (0.4 V vs. RHE) that rivals that of other state‐of‐the‐art photoanode materials.
Validation of a subclassification for high‐risk prostate cancer in a prospective cohort
Authors: Butler Santino S. , Dee Edward C. , Lamba Nayan , Sha Sybil T. , Mahal Brandon A. , Whitbeck Amanda , Makkar Rishi , Wangoe Janet , Mouw Kent W. , Nguyen Paul L. , Muralidhar Vinayak 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundA subgroup of men with favorable high‐risk prostate cancer (T1c with either a Gleason score of 4 + 4 = 8 and a prostate‐specific antigen [PSA] level <10 ng/mL or a Gleason score of 6 and a PSA level >20 ng/mL) has been associated with improved outcomes in comparison with other standard high‐risk patients. This study was designed to validate the prognostic utility of a subclassification for high‐risk disease with a prospectively collected data set.MethodsThis study identified 3033 men from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial who had been diagnosed from 1993 to 2001 with clinically localized prostate cancer—either intermediate‐risk disease (clinical stage T2b‐c, a Gleason score of 7, or a PSA level of 10 to 20 ng/mL) or high‐risk disease (clinical stage T3‐T4, a Gleason score of 8‐10, or a PSA level >20 ng/mL)—that was managed with radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for pathological T3 to T4 or N1 (pT3‐T4/pN1) disease. Fine and Gray competing risks regression was used to determine adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of prostate cancer–specific mortality (PCSM).ResultsThe median follow‐up was 5.7 years. Patients with favorable high‐risk disease had lower 8‐year PCSM in comparison with patients with standard high‐risk disease (2.2% vs 10.8%; aHR, 0.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.09‐0.73; P = .01) but similar PCSM in comparison with patients with intermediate‐risk disease (2.2% vs 2.2%; aHR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.32‐2.54; P = .84). Among those who underwent surgery, those with favorable high‐risk disease had lower odds of pT3‐T4/pN1 disease than those with standard high‐risk disease (46.2% vs 63.3%; aOR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.27‐0.94; P = .03).ConclusionsThis study validates the prognostic utility of a subclassification for high‐risk disease in a prospectively collected patient cohort. Patients with favorable high‐risk disease have PCSM similar to that of patients with intermediate‐risk disease and significantly better than that of patients with standard high‐risk disease. Future trials are needed to assess possible de‐intensification of therapy for favorable high‐risk disease.
Near‐Infrared Photoactive Aza‐BODIPY: Thermally Robust and Photostable Photosensitizer and Efficient Electron Donor
Authors: Łapok Łukasz , Cieślar Igor , Pędziński Tomasz , Stadnicka Katarzyna M. , Nowakowska Maria 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe report herein the synthesis of aza‐BODIPY substituted with strongly electron‐donating p‐(diphenylamino)phenyl substituents (p‐Ph2N−) at 3,5‐positions. The presence of p‐Ph2N− groups lowers the energy of the singlet excited state (Es) to 1.48 eV and induces NIR absorption with λabs at 789 nm in THF. The compound studied is weakly emissive with the emission band (λf) at 837 nm and with the singlet lifetime (τS) equal to 100 ps. Nanosecond laser photolysis experiments of the aza‐BODIPY in question revealed T1→Tn absorption spanning from ca. 350–550 nm with the triplet lifetime (τT) equal to 21 μs. By introducing a heavy atom (Br) into the structure of the aza‐BODIPY, we managed to turn it into a NIR operating photosensitizer. The photosensitized oxygenation of the model compound–diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF)‐proceedes via Type I and/or Type III mechanism without formation of singlet oxygen (1O2). As estimated by CV/DPV measurements, the p‐Ph2N− substituted aza‐BODIPYs studied exhibits oxidation processes at relatively low oxidation potentials (Eox1), pointing to the very good electron‐donating properties of these molecules. Extremely high photostability and thermal robustness up to approximately 300 °C are observed for the p‐Ph2N− substituted aza‐BODIPYs.
Uncovering sources of maternal variability: Inherited and environmental contributions to maternal phenotype
Authors: Lapp Hannah E. , Moore Celia L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntergenerational patterns of parental behavior, especially maternal behavior, have been observed across mammalian species including humans, non‐human primates, and rodents. These patterns are largely experience‐dependent as opposed to genetically induced, with experiences in early‐life serving an essential role in directing maternal behavior expressed later in life. Environmental conditions can also alter maternal behavior with consequences for offspring neurodevelopment and interactions with the next generation. Here, we describe effects of lineage during developmental environmental disruption using a limited bedding and nesting material manipulation during the first 2 weeks of life. Dams from three lineages were placed in environments containing either abundant nesting material or reduced nesting material. Environmental condition affected eight measures of maternal behavior and dam lineage affected 12 measures of maternal behavior during the first two postnatal weeks. Lineage, condition, and pup sex predicted pup body weight immediately following the manipulation, with lineage accounting for the largest portion of variance in body weight. Although from a limited sample, these data are the first to examine effects of lineage and environment simultaneously and suggest dam lineage may be a better predictor of maternal behavior than current environmental conditions with important implications for pup outcomes.
Producing and scrounging can have stabilizing effects at multiple levels of organization
Authors: Vickery William L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study shows, for the first time, that the evolution of a simple behavior, scrounging, at the individual level can have effects on populations, food chains, and community structure. In particular, the addition of scrounging in consumer populations can allow multiple consumers to coexist while exploiting a single prey. Also, scrounging in the top predator of a tritrophic food chain can stabilize interactions between the top predator, its prey, and its prey's prey. This occurs because the payoffs to scrounging for food in a population are negative frequency dependent, allowing scroungers to invade a population and to coexist with producers at a frequency which is density‐dependent. The presence of scroungers, who do not search for resources but simply use those found by others (producers) reduces the total amount of resource acquired by the group. As scrounging increases with group size, this leads to less resource acquired per individual as the group grows. Ultimately, this limits the size of the group, its impact on its prey, and its ability to outcompete other species. These effects can promote stability and thus increase species diversity. I will further suggest that prey may alter their spatial distribution such that scrounging will be profitable among their predators thus reducing predation rate on the prey.
Assessment and treatment of childhood epilepsy in Haiti
Authors: Crevier‐Sorbo Gabriel , Brunette‐Clément Tristan , Medawar Edgar , Mathieu Francois , Morgan Benjamin R. , Hachem Laureen , Fallah Aria , Weil Alexander G. , Ibrahim George M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe global burden of pediatric epilepsy is disproportionately concentrated in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). However, little is known about the effectiveness of current treatment programs in this setting. We present the outcomes of children who were assessed and treated at the Clinique D'Épilepsie de Port‐au‐Prince (CLIDEP), the only pediatric epilepsy referral center in Haiti.MethodsA 10‐year retrospective review of children consecutively assessed and treated at CLIDEP was performed. The primary outcome was seizure control following treatment for epilepsy. The secondary outcome was an accurate determination of the diagnosis of epilepsy. A data‐driven principle component regression (PCR) analysis was used to identify variables associated with outcomes of interest.ResultsOf the 812 children referred for evaluation, most children (82%) underwent electroencephalography to investigate a possible epilepsy diagnosis. Very few children (7%) underwent cranial imaging. Although many patients were lost to follow‐up (24%), most children who returned to clinic had less frequent seizures (51%) and compliance with medication was relatively high (79%). Using PCR, we identified a patient phenotype that was strongly associated with poor seizure control which had strong contributions from abnormal neurological examination, higher number of antiepileptic drugs, comorbid diagnoses, epileptic encephalopathy or epilepsy syndrome, and developmental delay. Head circumference also contributed to epilepsy outcomes in Haiti with smaller head sizes being associated with a poor seizure outcome. A dissociable phenotype of febrile seizures, suspected structural abnormality, epileptic encephalopathy or epilepsy syndrome, and higher seizure frequency was associated with a diagnosis of epilepsy.SignificanceWe describe the current landscape of childhood epilepsy in Haiti with an emphasis on diagnosis, treatment and outcomes. The findings provide evidence for the effectiveness of programs aimed at the diagnosis and management of epilepsy in LMICs and may inform the allocation of resources and create more effective referral structures.