bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of vitamin E supplementation on orthodontic tooth movement in Wistar rats
Authors: Sufarnap Erliera , Siregar Darmayanti , Lindawati Yumi 
Published: September 2020

Background: Tooth movement induced by the application of orthodontic force is facilitated by bone remodelling cells and chemical mediators. Vitamin E has anti-inflammatory properties, which helps in suppressing the damaging effects of oxygen free radicals in cells during bone formation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin E supplementation on orthodontic tooth movement in Wistar rats. Methods: Wistar rats (n=56) were divided into two groups. Group 1 served as the control groups, while group 2 was given vitamin E for 14 days before application of orthodontic force. Each group was divided into four subgroups (n=7), corresponding to the number of days orthodontic force lasted, i.e. 0, 1, 3, 7 days. At each of these four time points, distance measurements and quantity of osteoblasts-osteoclasts were measured in each rat. Results: Tooth movement distance was increased for group 2 than group 1 for all time intervals, but this difference was only statistically different on day 3 (p=0.001). For both groups, tooth movement was significantly different between each time interval in each group (p=0.041). The mean number of osteoblast cells was increased for group 2 compared to group 1 for all time intervals (p<0.05), but was not significant different between time intervals (p=0.897). The number of osteoclasts was not significantly different between groups, but it was statistically different between time intervals (p=0.004). Conclusion: Present outcomes demonstrate that vitamin E contributes to faster tooth movement compared to control group. It also stimulates more bone formation without reducing the bone resorption.
Using triallelic SNPs for determining parentage in North American yak (Bos grunniens) and estimating cattle (B. taurus) introgression
Authors: Kalbfleisch Ted , Petersen Jessica L. , Tait Jr. R. G. , Qiu Jiansheng , Basnayake Veronica , Hackett Peter H. , Heaton Michael P. 
Published: September 2020

Background: Genetic testing for pedigree accuracy is critical for managing genetic diversity in North American (NA) yak (Bos grunniens), a population expanded mostly from imported zoological park specimens. DNA testing also enhances species conservation by identifying recentB. taurusF1 hybrid ancestors (within three generations). Biallelic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can accomplish either task, but increases the marker count and costs necessary to achieve both. Our aim was to identify novel, multifunctional, triallelic yak SNPs (tySNPs), with each having two alleles for yak parentage testing, and a third allele for identifying recent cattle introgression. Methods: Genome sequences were aligned to the cattle UMD3.1 assembly and SNPs were screened for 1) heterozygosity in a NA and a Chinese yak, 2) a third allele at high frequency in cattle, and 3) flanking sequences conserved in both species. Subsequently, tySNPs were filtered for unique alignment to the haplotype-resolved F1 yak assembly. Allele frequencies were estimated in a subset of 87 tySNPs by genotyping 170 NA yak.Results: We identified 610 autosomal tySNPs, distributed in 441 clusters with 5 Mb average genome spacing. The average NA yak minor allele frequency was high (0.296), while average introgressed cattle alleles were low (0.004). In simulations with tySNPs, 28 were sufficient for globally-unique animal identification (PI=5.81x10-12), 87 were able to exclude 19 random bulls from parentage at the 99% level without using the dam’s genotype (PE=5.3x10-4), and 87 were able to detect F1 hybridization events after three generations of yak backcrosses (1/16thB. taurusgermplasm).Conclusions: Identifying animals, determining parentage and detecting recent hybridization events was efficient with as few as 87 tySNPs. A similar triallelic approach could be used with other bottleneckedBosspecies that hybridize with cattle, such as NA plains bison (B. bison).
Ancestral childhood environmental exposures occurring to the grandparents and great-grandparents of the ALSPAC study children
Authors: Golding Jean , Gregory Steven , Matthews Sarah , Smith Daniel , Suarez-Perez Almudena , Bowring Claire , Iles Caven Yasmin , Birmingham Karen , Pembrey Marcus , Suderman Matthew , Northstone Kate 
Published: September 2020

Background: Cohort studies tend to be designed to look forward from the time of enrolment of the participants, but there is considerable evidence that the previous generations have a particular relevance not only in the genes that they have passed on, their cultural beliefs and attitudes, but also in the ways in which previous environmental exposures may have had non-genetic impacts, particularly for exposures during fetal life or in childhood. Methods: To investigate such non-genetic inheritance, we have collected information on the childhoods of the ancestors of the cohort of births comprising the original Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). The data collected on the study child’s grandparents and great grandparents comprise: (a) countries of birth; (b) years of birth; (c) age at onset of smoking; (d) whether the ancestral mothers smoked during pregnancy; (e) social class of the household; (f) information on 19 potentially traumatic situations in their childhoods such as death of a parent, being taken into care, not having enough to eat, or being in a war situation; (g) causes of death for those ancestors who had died. The ages at which the individual experienced the traumatic situations distinguished between ages <6; 6–11, and 12–16 years. The numbers of ancestors on which data were obtained varied from 1128 paternal great-grandfathers to 4122 maternal great grandmothers. These ancestral data will be available for analysis to bona fide researchers on application to the ALSPAC Executive Committee.
Kompetensi Interkultural Pengajaran Bahasa Arab sebagai Bahasa Asing pada Jenjang Madrasah Aliyah
Authors: Muhammad Yusuf  
Published: September 2020

The intercultural aspect is an important component of teaching Arabic in Indonesia. That is because cross-cultural understanding is the basis for learners to be able to communicate and interact in Arabic effectively and efficiently. This paper examines how the concept of intercultural competence in teaching Arabic at the level of Madrasah Aliyah. Academic problems are read using the literature method and analyzed using content analysis. This study formulates that intercultural competence in teaching Arabic at the Madrasah Aliyah level consists of students' knowledge of the language as a cultural phenomenon of Arab society, student awareness of cultural distinction and culture of Arab society, and sensitivity of students to these differences. In the framework of obtaining intercultural competencies, the learning process must be constructive, interactive, connective, reflective, and responsive. While teaching evaluation can be done using oral tests or by observation, project-based assessment, portfolio, or peer assessment. In addition, the qualifications of a teacher besides being professional must also be able to understand the culture of Arab and Islamic society to further assess, be innovative, and be able to conduct constructive studies of the cultural and linguistic aspects of Arab and Indonesian society.
Keywords: Intercultural Competence, Foreign Language Pedagogy, Arabic Language, Madrasah Aliyah
Knowledge management as a support for supply chain logistics planning in pandemic cases
Authors: Pinto Carlos Alberto Schettini 
Published: September 2020

Objective: This study presents how the knowledge management can be an excellent ally to logistics for planning the supply chain in actions in cases of pandemic.
Project / Methodology / Approach: The present study was based on a bibliographic review sought in the main existing databases. From there, it was possible to obtain subsidies to support the proposal of this work.
Results: The results showed that a correct application of knowledge management can assist in logistical planning in a very effective way, reducing gaps and shortages, providing very effective actions to mitigate the main obstacles that a pandemic can generate.
Research limitations: The most important limitation in this study was the fact that the COVID-19 pandemic is still very active and logistics operations do not yet have effective and consolidated data to bring even more reliable results.
Practical implications: According to the conclusions obtained, governmental organizations, at their three levels (municipal, state and federal) should focus on creating public policies that mitigate the problems of supplying of the various matrices of inputs and products.
Originality / value: The main contribution of the research lies in the opportunity to present a management component to assist the logistical demands that occur in a pandemic environment.
Dynamic Modeling and Control Analysis of Industrial Electromechanical Servo Positioning System Using Machine Learning Technique
Authors: Thangavel S. , Maheswari C. , Priyanka E. B. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Servo electromechanical systems are used in industrial automation to attain high accuracy, reliability, linearity, and high aspect ratio. Such technology possesses the advantage of compact structure and easy control over electro-pneumatic and electro-hydraulic systems. The major drawback of this technology is the high friction/vibration and also the jerk of servo electromechanical drives that are caused by load variation and speed regulation. When the load is varied, the force acting on the ball screw leading along the axial direction is varied, resulting in the creation of vibrations that lead to fatigue and wear. The major cause for this nature is magnetic loading and unloading capability of electrical machines, selection of controller tuning values, and feedback mechanism. It is necessary to control the magnitude of vibration to get smooth control on the toolpath during load variation. To arrest the vibration, the position control of the servo motor is implemented. In this proposed work, the design requirement of the servo mechanism, such as the stability of the driving mechanism, is examined in detail with mathematical modeling of the servo system. Simulation of the servo mechanism performance according to design and operating parameters is performed based on the derived mathematical model. To analyze the performance of the position control, gain-phase margin controller is compared with conventional Ziegler Nichols and auto-tune PI controllers. Further, the machine learning algorithm of K-means clustering is executed by taking the motor current parameter because the motor current is proportional to the torque, which gets direct impact by the load variations. Further, the cluster assignment on the motor current attributes is undertaken to infer either that the load variation is gradual or that it gives sudden fluctuations during the position control on the trajectory path.
The SUMO Conjugase Ubc9 Protects Dopaminergic Cells from Cytotoxicity and Enhances the Stability of α-Synuclein in Parkinson’s Disease Models
Authors: Verma Dinesh Kumar , Ghosh Anurupa , Ruggiero Lindsey , Cartier Etienne , Janezic Eric , Williams Dionne , Jung Eui-Gil , Moore Michael , Seo Jong Bok , Kim Yong-Hwan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSmall ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is a widespread regulatory mechanism of post-translational modification (PTM) that induces rapid and reversible changes in protein function and stability. Using SUMO conjugase Ubc9-overexpressing or knock-down cells in Parkinson’s disease (PD) models, we demonstrate that SUMOylation protects dopaminergic cells against MPP+ or preformed fibrils (PFFs) of α-synuclein (α-syn)-induced toxicities in cell viability and cytotoxicity assays. In the mechanism of protection, Ubc9 overexpression significantly suppressed the MPP+ or PFF-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, while Ubc9-RNAi enhanced the toxicity-induced ROS production. Further, PFF-mediated protein aggregation was exacerbated by Ubc9-RNAi in thioflavin T staining, compared with NC1 controls. In cycloheximide (Chx)-based protein stability assays, higher protein level of α-syn was identified in Ubc9-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) than in EGFP cells. Since there was no difference in endogenous mRNA levels of α-syn between Ubc9 and EGFP cells in quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), we assessed the mechanisms of SUMO-mediated delayed α-syn degradation via MG132, proteasomal inhibitor, and PMA, lysosomal degradation inducer. Ubc9-mediated SUMOylated α-syn avoided PMA-induced lysosomal degradation because of its high solubility. Our results suggest that Ubc9 enhances the levels of SUMO1 and ubiquitin on α-syn and interrupts SUMO1 removal from α-syn. In immunohistochemistry, dopaminergic axon tips in the striatum and cell bodies in the substantia nigra from Ubc9-overexpressing transgenic mice were protected from MPTP toxicities compared with wild-type (WT) siblings. Our results support that SUMOylation can be a regulatory target to protect dopaminergic neurons from oxidative stress and protein aggregation, with the implication that high levels of SUMOylation in dopaminergic neurons can prevent the pathologic progression of PD.
Alcohol Increases Exosome Release from Microglia to Promote Complement C1q-Induced Cellular Death of Proopiomelanocortin Neurons in the Hypothalamus in a Rat Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Mukherjee Sayani , Cabrera Miguel A. , Boyadjieva Nadka I. , Berger Gregory , Rousseau Bénédicte , Sarkar Dipak K. 
Published: September 2020

Microglia, a type of CNS immune cell, have been shown to contribute to ethanol-activated neuronal death of the stress regulatory proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neuron-producing β-endorphin peptides in the hypothalamus in a postnatal rat model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. We determined whether the microglial extracellular vesicle exosome is involved in the ethanol-induced neuronal death of the β-endorphin neuron. Extracellular vesicles were prepared from hypothalamic tissues collected from postnatal rats (both males and females) fed daily with 2.5 mg/kg ethanol or control milk formula for 5 d or from hypothalamic microglia cells obtained from postnatal rats, grown in cultures for several days, and then challenged with ethanol or vehicle for 24 h. Nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy indicated that these vesicles had the size range and shape of exosomes. Ethanol treatments increased the number and the β-endorphin neuronal killing activity of microglial exosomes bothin vivoandin vitro. Proteomics analyses of exosomes of cultured microglial cells identified a large number of proteins, including various complements, which were elevated following ethanol treatment. Proteomics data involving complements were reconfirmed using quantitative protein assays. Ethanol treatments also increased deposition of the complement protein C1q in β-endorphin neuronal cells in bothin vitroandin vivosystems. Recombinant C1q protein increased while C1q blockers reduced ethanol-induced C3a/b, C4, and membrane attack complex/C5b9 formations; ROS production; and ultimately cellular death of β-endorphin neurons. These data suggest that the complement system involving C1q-C3-C4-membrane attack complex and ROS regulates exosome-mediated, ethanol-induced β-endorphin neuronal death.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeurotoxic action of alcohol during the developmental period is recognized for its involvement in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, but the lack of clear understanding of the mechanism of alcohol action has delayed the progress in therapeutic intervention of this disease. Proopiomelanocortin neurons known to regulate stress, energy homeostasis, and immune functions are reported to be killed by developmental alcohol exposure because of activation of microglial immune cells in the brain. While microglia are known to use extracellular vesicles to communicate with neurons for maintaining homeostasis, we show here that ethanol exposure during the developmental period hijacks this system to spread apoptotic factors, including complement protein C1q, to induce the membrane attack complex and reactive super-oxygen species for proopiomelanocortin neuronal killing.
Liraglutide protects against high-fat diet-induced kidney injury by ameliorating apoptosis
Authors: Liang Riying , Wang Meijun , Fu Chang , Liang Hua , Deng Hongrong , Tan Ying , Xu Fen , Cai Mengyin 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Obesity is associated with the development and progression of chronic kidney disease. Emerging evidence suggests that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist could reduce renal damage and albuminuria. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) was considered as a crucial regulator in metabolism-related kidney disease. Herein, the role of SIRT1 in liraglutide-ameliorated high-fat diet (HFD)-induced kidney injury was illustrated.

Methods:
Male C57BL/6 mice were fed HFD for 20 weeks to induce kidney injury that was then treated with liraglutide for 8 weeks to estimate its protective effect on the kidney. Also, the mechanism of the drug in SV40 MES 13 (SV40) mouse mesangial cells was elucidated.

Results:
Liraglutide treatment ameliorated HFD-induced metabolic disorders, including hyperglycemia, increasing body weight, and insulin resistance. In addition, kidney weight, urine albumin-to-creatinine, and kidney morphological changes such as vacuolated tubules, glomerulomegaly, thickened glomerular basement membrane, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis were also significantly ameliorated. Furthermore, apoptotic cells and apoptosis markers were downregulated in the kidney of liraglutide-treated mice. In addition, the expression of SIRT1 protein was upregulated, whereas thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), which serves as a mediator of oxidative stress and apoptosis in metabolism disease, was downregulated by liraglutide. In SV40 cells, the effect of liraglutide on reversing the upregulation of cleaved caspase-3 induced by high glucose (30 mM) was hampered when SIRT1 was knocked down; also, the downregulation of TXNIP by liraglutide was blocked.

Conclusions:
Liraglutide might have a beneficial effect on metabolism-related kidney damage by inhibiting apoptosis via activation of SIRT1 and suppression of TXNIP pathway.
Elicitación de la distribución multinomial a partir de varios expertos
Authors: Montoya Espinosa Yurledy , Correa Morales Juan Carlos 
Published: September 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo es implementar una metodologa de elicitacion mediante el metodo Delphi que permita estimar el vector de parametros de la distribucion multinomial a partir de la cuanticacion de opinion y creencias de multiples expertos, buscando as conseguir un resultado diferenciador y de mas valor que la suma de aportaciones individuales para obtener una unica distribucion que represente el conocimiento del conjunto de expertos.
Reflexión sobre la exhortación apostólica Evangelii Gaudium
Authors: Martínez Mora Felipe Augusto 
Published: September 2020

La propuesta del papa Francisco para la renovación de la Iglesia es la misión. Tomamos como punto de partida la invitación del papa Francisco a salir al encuentro con el otro para proponer la reflexión sobre la incidencia que tiene en él la cuestión teológica. Es necesario, urgente, que la misión modifique la acción pastoral y el lenguaje teológico, ya que el decir y el hacer están estrechamente unidos. Dios, Jesucristo, el hombre, la cultura y las consecuencias éticas de la transformación misionera son los temas que se pretenden abordar en este artículo. El papa Francisco afirma que la misión es transformadora y que hay que dejar todo de manera distinta a como estaba, la teología tiene que dejarse interpelar por la praxisde la evangelización y a su vez la evangelización tiene que alimentarse de la teología que manifiesta la grandeza de Dios y el hombre.
RPL-4 and RPL-9 ̶Mediated Ribosome Purifications Facilitate the Efficient Analysis of Gene Expression in Caenorhabditis elegans Germ Cells
Authors: Nousch Marco 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In many organisms, tissue complexity and cellular diversity create a barrier that can hinder our understanding of gene expression programs. To address this problem, methods have been developed that allow for easy isolation of translated mRNAs from genetically defined cell populations. A prominent example is the Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification method also called TRAP. Here, ribosome associated mRNAs are isolated via purification of the ribosomal protein RPL10A/uL1, which is expressed under the control of a tissue specific promoter. Originally developed to investigate gene expression in mouse neurons, it has by now been adopted to many different organisms and tissues. Interestingly, TRAP has never been used successfully to analyze mRNA translation in germ cells. Employing a combination of genetic and biochemical approaches, I assessed several ribosomal proteins for their suitability for TRAP using the Caenorhabditis elegans germline as a target tissue. Surprisingly, I found that RPL10A/uL1 is not the ideal ribosomal component to perform such an analysis in germ cells. Instead other proteins such as RPL4/uL4 or RPL9/eL6 are much better suited for this task. Tagged variants of these proteins are well expressed in germ cells, integrated into translating ribosomes and do not influence germ cell functions. Furthermore, germ cell-specific mRNAs are much more efficiently co-purified with RPL4/uL4 and RPL9/uL6 compared to RPL10A/uL1. This study provides a solid basis upon which future germ cell TRAP experiments can be built, and it highlights the need for rigorous testing when adopting such methods to a new biological system.
HtsRC-Mediated Accumulation of F-Actin Regulates Ring Canal Size During Drosophila melanogaster Oogenesis
Authors: Gerdes Julianne A , Mannix Katelynn M , Hudson Andrew M , Cooley Lynn 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Ring canals in the female germline of Drosophila melanogaster are supported by a robust filamentous actin (F-actin) cytoskeleton, setting them apart from ring canals in other species and tissues. Previous work has identified components required for the expansion of the ring canal actin cytoskeleton, but has not identified the proteins responsible for F-actin recruitment or accumulation. Using a combination of CRISPR-Cas9 mediated mutagenesis and UAS-Gal4 overexpression, we show that HtsRC—a component specific to female germline ring canals—is both necessary and sufficient to drive F-actin accumulation. Absence of HtsRC in the germline resulted in ring canals lacking inner rim F-actin, while overexpression of HtsRC led to larger ring canals. HtsRC functions in combination with Filamin to recruit F-actin to ectopic actin structures in somatic follicle cells. Finally, we present findings that indicate that HtsRC expression and robust female germline ring canal expansion are important for high fecundity in fruit flies but dispensable for their fertility—a result that is consistent with our understanding of HtsRC as a newly evolved gene specific to female germline ring canals.