bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ON APPROXIMATION OF SUM OF CONVERGENT SERIES
Authors: Paudyal Daya Ram , Mishra Lakshmi Narayan 
Published: September 2020

The paper has given a clear opinion on the progress of environmental protection and sustainability in the Nigerian context. The environmental regulations scenario in the country is marred by malpractices and corruption more stringent policy enforcement will help in the achievement of environmental protection. This paper deals with a specialized method of approximating the sum of an infinite series containing positive terms which are monotonically decreasing. The analysis has been done by taking some references done by the great mathematician Leonhard Euler with some special examples. Consequently, we have established a relation to estimate the sum of convergent infinite series
Changing the Rules of the Game: Sustainable Product Service Systems and Manufacturing in the Fashion Industry
Authors: Palomo-Lovinsk Noël , Faerm Steven 
Published: September 2020

The fashion industry is based on a bygone era in which time is linear and place is specific. This lack of relevancy results in global apparel production that is increasingly inefficient and destructive. The harmful practices of fashion manufacturing industry are no longer permissible in an age that has the knowledge capacity and technological innovations to avoid environmental damage and human inequalities. The deleterious manufacturing practices performed in developing countries contribute to the industry being under continued scrutiny, yet intensifying expectations for fast-paced delivery are at the root of these harmful practices. There is a tacit acknowledgement among fashion industry pundits that historical examples of manufacturing and commerce in the United States do not meet the demands of a society accustomed to instant access, constant change, and low prices. These slower and more traditional models of manufacturing and commerce will increasingly impede profitability in the contemporary marketplace as environmental and social issues continue.
Thus, the fashion industry is in a state flux. Simultaneously, it must decrease destructive practices within the life cycle of clothing while remaining financially sustainable. This binary relationship elicits key questions that can help direct the industry toward a better future. What are the possibilities of domestic apparel manufacturing that utilizes innovative production methods, communication technology, and service systems that, in turn, encourage holistic, sustainable practices? What are the possibilities for and needs of designers who want to take full advantage of an evolving relationship between consumers and designers? In this study, particular attention is paid to new systems of production and distribution that will change the role of fashion designers for the future.
Thoughts on Jinan's Establishment of the National Central City of China's Yellow River Basin
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Chu Xiaochang 
Published: September 2020

<p>The national central city is not a single existence, and it must be based on the national-level urban agglomeration. At the same time, it must have superior geographical advantages and rich natural resources as the basis for development. Urban agglomeration promotes national central cities; on the contrary, national central cities can also drive the common development of urban agglomerations. During the National People’s Congress and National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference this year, Jinan Municipal Government proposed to create a national central city in the Yellow River Basin as the development goal. In this article, the measures taken by Jinan Municipal Government to create the national central city of the Yellow River Basin are put forward, and the impact of the surrounding urban agglomeration on the development of Jinan is pointed out. Meanwhile, the opportunities and challenges that Jinan will bring to the surrounding urban agglomeration by establishing the national central city are elaborated.</p>
A Study to Assess the Level of Anxiety Associated with COVID-19 among High School Students.
Authors: RAJU Janula , ASİRVATHAM Raju 
Published: September 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on school children especially in their academic performance which may affect their mental health. The study aimed to assess the anxiety level of high school students. A cross sectional electronic study conducted among high school students in Tamil Nadu, the southernmost state of India. A total of 302 high school students participated in the study. A two sectioned self-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS 16.0 version software. A chi-square test was used to investigate the level of anxiety among students and ANOVA test used to find the mean difference between groups, with significance set to P&lt;0.05. Among 302 participants, 41.7% (n=126) were male, 58.3% (n=176) were aged 13-17 years. The study indicated that majority 132 (43.7%) of study participants reported that they had Mild anxiety which was followed by 77 (25.5%) no anxiety and 62 (20.5%) moderate anxiety. Factors such as age, gender, family members tested positive or being quarantined were having association with anxiety level. The researcher concluded that the high school children are experiencing a considerable level of anxiety during lock down of COVID-19 pandemic period. There was a strong association of anxiety level of students, if any family members are tested positive for corona virus or any one is being quarantined for the symptoms of corona virus.
IMPLIKASI PENAFSIRAN HAK MENGUASAI NEGARA OLEH MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI TERHADAP POLITIK HUKUM AGRARIA PADA PULAU-PULAU KECIL DI INDONESIA
Authors: Sari Nina Amelia Novita , Tambunan Ezra , Felany Patricia Inge , Nugraha Xavier 
Published: September 2020

<p>Salah satu pengaturan Indonesia sebagai negara kesejahteraan (<em>welfare state</em>), dapat dilihat dalam Pasal 33 ayat (3) UUD NRI Tahun 1945. Dalam Pasal 33 ayat (3) UUD NRI Tahun 1945 dijelaskan bahwa,”bumi, air, dan kekayaan yang terkandung di dalamnya dikuasai oleh negara dan dipergunakan sebesar-besarnya bagi kemakmuran untuk rakyat. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat “hak menguasai negara” yang dimiliki oleh negara, terhadap seluruh wilayah Indonesia, termasuk pulau-pulau kecil. Hal ini menimbulkan problematika, yaitu apa yang dimaksud dengan “hak menguasai negara”? Bagaimana implikasi pengaturan “hak menguasai negara” terhadap politik hukum agraria bagi pulau-pulau kecil? Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif, yaitu penelitian yang bertujuan untuk menemukan hukum yang sesuai untuk diterapkan secara konkrit guna menyelesaikan suatu masalah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab mengenai pemaknaan konsep “hak menguasai negara” dan implikasi konsep “hak menguasai negara” dalam politik hukum agraria bagi pulau-pulau kecil. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, ditemukan bahwa “hak menguasai negara” ditafsirkan sebagai yurisprudensi tetap (<em>fasten jurisprudence)</em> oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi. Hal ini dapat dilihat dalam Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 001-021-022/PUU-I/2003,Nomor 002/PUU-I/2003, dan Nomor 058-059-060-063/PUU-II/2004 yang menafsirkan secara konstan “hak menguasai negara”, sebagai perbuatan merumuskan kebijakan <em>(beleid</em>), merumuskan pengaturan (<em>regelendaad</em>), melakukan pengurusan (<em>bestuurdaad</em>), melakukan pengelolaan <em>(beheersdaad</em>), dan melakukan pengawasan <em>(toezichthoudensdaad</em>). Penafsiran “hak menguasai negara” oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi tersebut berimplikasi pada politik hukum agraria pada pengelolaan pulau-pulau kecil yang diejawantahkan dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2007 Tentang Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir Dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil. Melalui pengaturan tersebut, diharapkan dapat menjamin terwujudnya peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat, khususnya masyarakat di pulau-pulau kecil.</p>
IMPLEMENTASI ASAS TANGGUNG JAWAB NEGARA SEBAGAI BENTUK PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KERUSAKAN TERUMBU KARANG (Studi Kasus Kecelakaan Kapal MV Caledonian Sky di Raja Ampat)
Authors: Damanik Kristwan Genova 
Published: September 2020

<em>In Law No.32/2009 on Environmental Protection and Management, the principle of state responsibility is one of the means of protecting pollution and/or environmental damage. The principle of state responsibility server to ensure the utilization of natural resources for the welfare of the people, both present and future generations.Normatively, laws and regulations regulate sanctions for perpetrators of environmental violations, but in the application of law there is unity of action (ego sectoral), so the dispute resolution becomes complicated<strong>. </strong>Inadequate legal understanding of the state’s affirmative officials results in constrained law enforcement, and well as regulated legal sanctions for officials who neglect to carry out the task of giving the impression the government is not serious about addressing environment violations.The various weaknesses and obstacles in applying the principle of state responsibility in the environmental law system in Indonesia related to ship MV Caledonian Sky accident is the core of research that poured in this paper</em>
LEGAL STANDING DEBITOR SELAMA MENGUASAI OBJEK JAMINAN FIDUSIA
Authors: Subagiyo Dwi Tatak 
Published: September 2020

<p><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p>Eksistensi lembaga jaminan fidusia, digunakan untuk menampung kebutuhan masyarakat akan pentingnya tambahan modal berupa dana dalam melakukan kegiatan usaha di bidang ekonomi dengan tetap menguasai benda modalnya itu digunakan dalam mempertahankan kegiatan usaha, sebagai agunan/jaminan memperoleh bantuan dana. Mengingat kedua lembaga jaminan yang ada dalam KUHPerdata yaitu gadai dan hipotek, tidak memberikan ruang dan tempat bagi masyarakat yang mengembangkan usaha dengan perolehan dana dari lembaga keuangan. Legal standing debitor adanya prinsip fidusia, selama benda dijadikan objek jaminan, hak milik benda yang bersangkutan, diakui tetap ada pada debitor dan debitor selaku peminjam pakai benda. Sedangkan atas agunan yang bersangkutan, kreditor hanya sekedar mempunyai hak jaminan kebendaan dan bukan hak kepemilikan.<strong>Kaca Kunci:</strong> kedudukan hukum, debitor, objek fidusia</p><p align="left"><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p align="left"><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong></p><em><em>this existence of fiduciary guarantee institution, is used to accommodate the society's need for the additional capital in the form of funds in conducting business activities in the field of economy while retaining the capital is used in maintaining business activities, as collateral get funding. In view of the two existing guarantee institutions in the Civil Code that are mortgage and mortgage, it does not provide space and place for the people who develop the business with the acquisition of funds from financial institutions.</em></em><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td bgcolor="white" width="40" height="39"><table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td><div class="shape"><p>x</p></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><em> legal standing of the debtor in controlling fiduciary fiduciary goods under the fiduciary guarantee law, it is understood that the principle that as long as the object is used as the object of guarantee, the property rights of the object is recognized, it is still present to the debtor and debtor as the borrower with the object. While for the collateral concerned, the creditor only has the right of material security and not the right of ownership.<strong>Keywords: legal standing</strong>,debtor, object fiduciary.</em>
PERTANGGUNG JAWABAN HUKUM ADVOKAT MAGANG YANG BERACARA DI PENGADILAN TERKAIT DENGAN PROFESI ADVOKAT
Authors: Pura Margo Hadi 
Published: September 2020

<p><span class="s8"><span class="bumpedFont15">Kehidupan masyarakat dikendalikan oleh suatu hukum dasar yang dikenal dengan nama undang-undang dasar atau konstitusi, yaitu hukum dasar tertulis yang menjadi pangkal gerak, dasar dan orientasi dari</span></span><span class="s8"><span class="bumpedFont15"> perjalanan kehidupan tersebut.</span></span><span class="s8"><span class="bumpedFont15">Profesi pada </span></span><span class="s8"><span class="bumpedFont15">hake</span></span><span class="s8"><span class="bumpedFont15">katnya</span></span><span class="s8"><span class="bumpedFont15"> adalah pekerjaan tetap yang berwujud karya pelayanan yang dijalankan dengan penguasaan dan penerapan pengetahuan di bidang ilmu tertentu yang pengembangannya dihayati sebagai panggilan hidup dan pelaksanaan terkait pada nilai-nilai tertentu yang dilandasi semangat pengabdian terhadap sesama manusia demi kepentingan umum serta berakar pada penghormatan dan upaya menjunjung tinggi martabat manusia. Profesi adalah pekerjaan tetap bidang tertentu berdasarkan keahlian khusus yang dilakukan secara bertanggungjawab dengan tujuan memperoleh </span></span><span class="s8"><span class="bumpedFont15">penghasilan</span></span><span class="s8"><span class="bumpedFont15">.</span></span><span class="s8"><span class="bumpedFont15"> </span></span><span class="s8"><span class="bumpedFont15">Apabila profesi itu berkenaan dengan bidang hukum, maka pro</span></span><span class="s8"><span class="bumpedFont15">fesi itu disebut profesi hukum.</span></span><span class="s8"><span class="bumpedFont15"> Profesi hukum merupakan salah satu profesi yang menuntut pemenuhan nilai moral dari pengembangannya. Nilai moral itu merupakan kekuatan yang mengarahkan</span></span><span class="s8"><span class="bumpedFont15"> dan mendasari perbuatan luhur. </span></span><span class="s8"><span class="bumpedFont15">D</span></span><span class="s8"><span class="bumpedFont15">ua hal </span></span><span class="s8"><span class="bumpedFont15">yang menjadi fokus artikel ini adalah mengenai</span></span><span class="s8"><span class="bumpedFont15">pertanggungjawaban advokat magang yang sudah beracara kaitannya dengan profesi advokat</span></span><span class="s8"><span class="bumpedFont15">.</span></span></p>
PANCASILA SEBAGAI ETIKA POLITIK DAN HUKUM NEGARA INDONESIA [Pancasila as Political Ethics and Indonesian State Law]
Authors: Pureklolon Thomas Tokan 
Published: September 2020

<p><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p><em>Pancasila is not only a source of derivation of legislation, but also a source of morality, especially in relation to the legitimacy of power, law and various policies in the implementation and administration of the state. The existence of the first precept of "The Almighty Godhead", and the second precept of "Fair and Civilized Humanity" is the source of moral values </em><em></em><em>for national and state life. The state of Indonesia which is based on the first precept of "The Almighty God" is not a "theocracy" state which bases state power and state administration on religious legitimacy. The power of the head of state is not absolute based on religious legitimacy but based on legal legitimacy and democratic legitimacy. Therefore, the principle of the principle of "Godhead of the Almighty" has more to do with moral legitimacy. This is what distinguishes the Almighty God from theocracy. The writing method in this journal is a qualitative method, with an interdisciplinary approach. Although in the Indonesian state it is not based on religious legitimacy, morally the life of the state must be in accordance with the values </em><em></em><em>derived from God, especially the law and morals in the life of the state.</em><strong><em></em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: Political Ethics, Law, Pancasila</em></strong></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Pancasila tidak hanya merupakan sumber derivasi peraturan perundang-undangan, melainkan juga merupakan sumber moralitas, terutama dalam hubungannya dengan legitimasi kekuasaan, hukum serta berbagai kebijakan dalam pelaksanaan dan penyelenggaraan negara. Eksistensi sila pertama “Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa”, serta sila kedua “Kemanusiaan yang Adil dan Beradab” merupakan sumber atas nilai-nilai moral bagi kehidupan kebangsaan dan kenegaraan. Negara Indonesia yang berdasarkan sila pertama “Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa” bukanlah negara “teokrasi” yang mendasarkan kekuasaan negara dan penyelenggaraan negara pada legitimasi religius. Kekuasaan kepala negara tidak bersifat mutlak berdasarkan legitimasi religius, melainkan berdasarkan legitimasi hukum serta legitimasi demokrasi. Oleh karena itu asas sila “Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa” lebih berkaitan dengan legitimasi moral. Hal inilah yang membedakan negara yang Berketuhanan Yang Maha Esa dengan negara teokrasi. Metode penulisan dalam jurnal ini adalah metode kualitatif, dengan pendekatan interdisipliner. Walaupun dalam negara Indonesia tidak mendasarkan pada legitimasi religius, secara moralitas kehidupan negara harus sesuai dengan nilai-nilai yang berasal dari Tuhan, terutama hukum serta moral dalam kehidupan negara.</p><p><strong>Kata kunci: Etika Politik, Hukum, Pancasila</strong></p>
Determinants of self-paid rotavirus vaccination status in Kanazawa, Japan, including socioeconomic factors, parents’ perception, and children’s characteristics
Authors: Hara Megumi , Koshida Rie , Araki Kaoru , Kondo Masahide , Hirota Yoshio 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Japan’s National Immunization Program does not cover rotavirus vaccine and no government subsidies are available. This study aimed to measure the uptake of and determinants that influenced self-paid rotavirus vaccination, including socioeconomic status and relative poverty.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study at health check-ups for all children aged 18 months in Kanazawa, Japan, between December 2017 and July 2018. Community nurses collected information on self-paid vaccination history, parents’ perceptions of and recommendations for rotavirus vaccine, and socioeconomic status in interviews using a unified questionnaire. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess vaccine uptake and possible determinants.Results: In total, 1,282 participants were enrolled. The estimated rotavirus vaccine coverage was 72.9%. Perceptions that rotavirus gastroenteritis was serious and that the rotavirus vaccine was effective, pediatricians’ recommendations, information from the city office, magazine and Internet articles, and higher parental education level were associated with higher rotavirus vaccine uptake. Lower household income was associated with decreased rotavirus vaccine uptake. Vaccine expense, fear of adverse reactions to the vaccine, number of household members and siblings, and children’s characteristics were not correlated with rotavirus vaccination. Poverty was associated with decreased rotavirus vaccine uptake, even after adjustment for other determinants (adjusted odds ratio 0.49, 95% confidence interval: 0.26–0.90).Conclusion: Parents’ perceptions, socioeconomic status, relative poverty, and pediatricians’ recommendations are determinants of vaccination. This study suggests that appropriate information about rotavirus vaccine, subsidies for those of lower socioeconomic status, and national recommendations are necessary to achieve higher coverage.
Effectiveness of Tuina manipulation in patients with knee osteoarthritis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lv Zhizhen , Zhu Qingguang , Guo Guangxin , Sun Wuquan , Cheng Yanbin , Kong Lingjun , Fang Min , Wu Zhiwei , Xu Shanda , Zhou Xin , Zhang Shuaipan , Yao Chongjie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common disabling musculoskeletal disorder. Previous studies showed that Tuina manipulation and health care education were effective treatments for patients with KOA. However, there is no evidence to support the use of one intervention over the other. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Tuina manipulation and health care education for the management of pain and dysfunction in patients with KOA.Methods/Design: This study is a single-centre, two-arm, open-label randomized controlled trial (RCT). A total of 170 eligible KOA patients will be randomly assigned to the Tuina manipulation group or the health education group in a 1:1 ratio. Patients in the Tuina manipulation group will receive a 30-minute 2-step treatment plan, including pain point assessment and manual therapy, which will be performed 12 times in 4 weeks. The health education group will receive 45 minutes of lecture and discussion three times a week for four weeks. The primary outcome is the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). Secondary outcomes include the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) and 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). The results of this study will help clarify the value of Tuina manipulation and health education as treatments for KOA and will highlight any differences in treatment outcomes.Discussion: The design and methodology of the trial is rigorous and allows the collection of valuable data to assess the efficacy of a specific Tuina regimen for the treatment of KOA. Therefore, the trial will provide a solid foundation for future clinical research on KOA and Tuina therapy.Trial registration: This trial was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on 24 February 2020 (ChiCTR2000030154), http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx
Study of Temperature Distribution and Material Flow for different pin profile in Friction Stir Welding of AA6061-T6
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Kumar Ramesh , Kore Sachin D 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A fully-coupled 3-D model of FSW was developed for 4 mm plates of AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy based on the Finite Volume Method (FVM) in ANSYS Fluent 14.5 software. Two types of the model; one with the tool and another without the tool was developed for different tool geometry and analysis was done for temperature distribution in the workpiece as well as in tool using system coupling for the first model and workpiece only in later one. A parametric study was performed at different tool rotational speed regarding temperature distribution, and material flow analysis was carried out for all tool geometries at a single rotational speed. The material behaves differently when passes through the different tools and it was affected by thermal history, viscosity, and strain rate for particular tool geometry. Temperature-dependent material properties and a user-defined function (UDF) code of viscosity have been incorporated in the model considering the workpiece as a non-Newtonian viscous fluid. A better material mixing was observed in the case of threaded pin geometry by using a steady-state laminar flow model. All tapered tool geometries were unable to mix material properly just below and around the pin tip due to very low-velocity magnitude in this region, which may lead to a kind of defect. An asymmetric temperature distribution observed in the workpiece and at higher rotational speed peak temperature observed higher in the workpiece, and the flow of heat was more in tool. Validation of the model was done by performing experiments.