bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the use of antibiotic-loaded bone cement associated with a lower risk of revision after primary total hip arthroplasty?
Authors: Leong Justin W. , Cook Michael J. , O’Neill Terence W. , Board Timothy N. 
Published: July 2020

Aims The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of antibiotic-loaded bone cement influenced the risk of revision surgery after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) for osteoarthritis. Methods The study involved data collected by the National Joint Registry (NJR) for England and Wales, Northern Ireland and the Isle of Man between 1 September 2005 and 31 August 2017. Cox proportional hazards were used to investigate the association between use of antibiotic-loaded bone cement and the risk of revision due to prosthetic joint infection (PJI), with adjustments made for the year of the initial procedure, age at the time of surgery, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade, head size, and body mass index (BMI). We looked also at the association between use of antibiotic-loaded bone cement and the risk of revision due to aseptic loosening or osteolysis. Results The cohort included 418,857 THAs of whom 397,896 had received antibiotic-loaded bone cement and 20,961 plain cement. After adjusting for putative confounding factors, the risk of revision for PJI was lower in those in whom antibiotic-loaded bone cement was used (hazard ration (HR) 0.79; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.64 to 0.98). There was also a protective effect on the risk of revision due to aseptic loosening or osteolysis, in the period of > 4.1 years after primary THA, HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.45, 0.72. Conclusion Within the limits of registry analysis, this study showed an association between the use of antibiotic-loaded bone cement and lower rates of revision due to PJI. The findings support the continued use of antibiotic-loaded bone cement in cemented THA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(8):997–1002.
Mid-term outcomes of surgical treatment in fractures in patients with osteopetrosis
Authors: Yiğit Şeyhmus , Arslan Hüseyin , Akar Mehmet S. , Şahin Mehmet A. 
Published: July 2020

Aims Osteopetrosis (OP) is a rare hereditary disease that causes reduced bone resorption and increased bone density as a result of osteoclastic function defect. Our aim is to review the difficulties, mid-term follow-up results, and literature encountered during the treatment of OP. Methods This is a retrospective and observational study containing data from nine patients with a mean age of 14.1 years (9 to 25; three female, six male) with OP who were treated in our hospital between April 2008 and October 2018 with 20 surgical procedures due to 17 different fractures. Patient data included age, sex, operating time, length of stay, genetic type of the disease, previous surgery, fractures, complications, and comorbidity. Results The mean follow-up period was 92.5 months (25 to 140). Bony union was observed in all of our patients. Osteomyelitis developed in two patients with femoral shaft fractures, and two patients had peri-implant stress fractures. Conclusion Treatment of fractures in OP patients is difficult, healing is protracted, and the risk of postoperative infection is high. In children and young adults with OP who have open medullary canal and the epiphyses are not closed, fractures can be treated with surgical techniques such as intramedullary titanium elastic nail (TENS) technique or fixation with Kirschner (K)-wire. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(8):1082–1087.
Predicting spondylolisthesis correction with prone traction radiographs
Authors: Cheung Jason P. Y. , Fong Ho Ken , Cheung Prudence W. H. 
Published: July 2020

AimsTo determine the effectiveness of prone traction radiographs in predicting postoperative slip distance, slip angle, changes in disc height, and lordosis after surgery for degenerative spondylolisthesis of the lumbar spine.MethodsA total of 63 consecutive patients with a degenerative spondylolisthesis and preoperative prone traction radiographs obtained since 2010 were studied. Slip distance, slip angle, disc height, segmental lordosis, and global lordosis (L1 to S1) were measured on preoperative lateral standing radiographs, flexion-extension lateral radiographs, prone traction lateral radiographs, and postoperative lateral standing radiographs. Patients were divided into two groups: posterolateral fusion or posterolateral fusion with interbody fusion.ResultsThe mean changes in segmental lordosis and global lordosis were 7.1° (SD 6.7°) and 2.9° (SD 9.9°) respectively for the interbody fusion group, and 0.8° (SD 5.1°) and -0.4° (SD 10.1°) respectively for the posterolateral fusion-only group. Segmental lordosis (ρ = 0.794, p < 0.001) corrected by interbody fusion correlated best with prone traction radiographs. Global lumbar lordosis (ρ = 0.788, p < 0.001) correlated best with the interbody fusion group and preoperative lateral standing radiographs. The least difference in slip distance (-0.3 mm (SD 1.7 mm), p < 0.001), slip angle (0.9° (SD 5.2°), p < 0.001), and disc height (0.02 mm (SD 2.4 mm), p < 0.001) was seen between prone traction and postoperative radiographs. Regression analyses suggested that prone traction parameters best predicted correction of slip distance (Corrected Akaike’s Information Criterion (AICc) = 37.336) and disc height (AICc = 58.096), while correction of slip angle (AICc = 26.453) was best predicted by extension radiographs. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) cut-off showed, with 68.3% sensitivity and 64.5% specificity, that to achieve a 3.0° increase in segmental lordotic angle, patients with a prone traction disc height of 8.5 mm needed an interbody fusion.ConclusionProne traction radiographs best predict the slip distance and disc height correction achieved by interbody fusion for lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis. To achieve this maximum correction, interbody fusion should be undertaken if a disc height of more than 8.5 mm is attained on preoperative prone traction radiographs. Level of Evidence: Level II Prognostic Study Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(8):1062–1071.
Technique and outcome of day case laparoscopic hiatus hernia surgery for small and large hernias: a five-year retrospective review from a high-volume UK centre
Authors: Mayo D , Darbyshire A , Mercer S , Carter N , Toh S , Somers S , Wainwright D , Fajksova V , Knight B 
Published: July 2020

Introduction Laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery is the standard surgical treatment for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in patients for who long-term pharmacotherapy is intolerable or ineffective. Advances in anaesthesia and minimally invasive surgery have led to day case treatment being adopted by some centres. The objective of this study is to describe our day case pathway and peri- and postoperative outcomes. Materials and methods This is a single centre, retrospective case series review of a prospectively collected database from October 2014 to August 2019 performed in a tertiary centre for upper gastrointestinal surgery. Data collected included demographics, comorbidities, indications, complications, length of stay and readmission. Results A total of 362 patients underwent laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery with or without hiatus hernia repair of up to 10cm, with day case rates of 59%. Unplanned admission following day surgery was 5.1% (13/225) and 30-day readmission was 2.2% (8/362); 90.6% of patients remained in hospital for less than 24 hours. There was one intraoperative complication and one patient required revisional surgery within 30 days. The rate of all postoperative complications was 1.38% (5/362) with one postoperative mortality. Discussion The inclusion of larger hernias is unusual, as most studies limit size to 5cm or less. Our results show the safety and feasibility of the procedure even when applied to hiatus hernias up to 10cm. Success was multifactorial and based on standardisation of procedures and support from dedicated specialist nursing staff. Conclusion Laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery can be performed safely as a day case procedure even in larger hiatus hernias, with a dedicated care pathway and specialist nurse practitioners to support it.
Sobre as fantasias originárias no cinema de ficção científica
Authors: Vicente Henrique Testa , Farate Carlos 
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo recorre ao conceito de fantasia inconsciente como instrumento de análise de um conjunto heterogéneo de filmes de ficção científica, desde a space opera ao filme sobre viagens no tempo, que marcaram este género cinematográfico, desde a década de 50 do século passado à atualidade. Através de uma revisão da literatura, do tipo narrativo ou não sistemático, procurou-se identificar e explorar as protofantasias subjacentes à trama dramática de obras fílmicas de referência, nomeadamente as fantasias de sedução, castração e da cena primitiva. O cinema de ficção científica parece facultar uma espécie de mitologia arquetípica contemporânea, com os seus próprios deuses e heróis, em conexão com as fantasias originárias dramatizadas, cuja apropriação idiossincrática é transversal a povos e culturas diferentes.
Avaliação de desempenho acadêmico pelo professor
Authors: Silva Thays Nogueira , Santos Daiane Silva , Osowski Vinicios Santos , Campos Junior Ricardo Fernandes , Rocca Julia Zanetti 
Published: July 2020

O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar as possíveis influências do status sociométrico do aluno na avaliação de desempenho escolar realizada por professores. Participaram 276 estudantes do segundo, terceiro e quarto ano escolar com idades de sete a 10 anos de uma escola pública no Brasil. Foi utilizada uma avaliação de status social e uma avaliação dos repertórios de leitura e escrita. O procedimento envolveu três etapas: (a) avaliação e identificação do status sociométrico dos alunos, (b) indicação do professor de alunos com baixo desempenho escolar e (c) avaliação do desempenho acadêmico dos alunos indicados. Os resultados demonstraram que, no grupo geral, em relação ao status sociométrico, 20% dos estudantes foram percebidos como populares e 13% como impopulares. No grupo de alunos indicado pelos professores, 2% eram estudantes classificados como populares e 22% como impopulares. A diferença entre o grupo indicado e o grupo geral foi confirmada estatisticamente pelo método de reamostragem. Por fim, a avaliação do desempenho acadêmico revelou que alunos classificados como impopulares indicados pelos professores tiveram melhor desempenho escolar do que seus pares caracterizados como populares. Relações entre variáveis sociais e avaliação do professor são discutidas.
A Test of Neo-Fisherism: 1964–2019
Authors: Bias Peter V. , Hall Joshua D. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Neo-Fisherism, the theory that monetary authorities should expect inflation rates to be positively and causally related to their targeted nominal interest rates, is reviewed and empirically investigated. Using several different measures of interest rates and inflation we analyze US monthly data from January 1964 to April 2019. Granger causality tests are performed in search of a Neo-Fisherist impact of interest rates causally impacting inflation or the reverse. The full period is reviewed and is also divided into three sub-periods: the period before the Federal Reserve targeted federal funds rate at 25 basis points (labeled here as the effective lower bound, ELB), the ELB period, and the post-ELB period. Prior to the effective lower bound, we find evidence largely supporting the classical view of causality from inflation to interest rates, however the relationship is bidirectional depending on the measurement of inflation and interest rates. During the ELB, we find moderate evidence in support of Neo-Fisherism. In this period, federal funds rate Granger-cause changes in inflation as measured using the CPI and Core CPI. In contrast, during the effective lower bound period, the standard classical result holds when considering the Shadow federal funds rate. In the period following the effective lower bound, the standard relationship is found as well, in which inflation granger causes movements in the interest rates. Overall, the results regarding causality between interest rates and inflation largely support the classical view of causality but are dependent on data measurements and the observed time period.
Existence and uniqueness of mild solutions for a fractional differential equation under Sturm-Liouville boundary conditions when the data function is of Lipschitzian type
Authors: Harjani Jackie , López Belen , Sadarangani Kishin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this article, we present a sufficient condition about the length of the interval for the existence and uniqueness of mild solutions to a fractional boundary value problem with Sturm-Liouville boundary conditions when the data function is of Lipschitzian type. Moreover, we present an application of our result to the eigenvalues problem and its connection with a Lyapunov-type inequality.
Progestogen addition with low-dose levonorgestrel intrauterine system in menopausal hormone treatment gives less normal breast tissue proliferation than oral norethisterone acetate or medroxyprogesterone acetate
Authors: Lundström Eva , Virijevic Ivana , Söderqvist Gunnar 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
The impact of hormones on the development of breast cancer is despite extensive studies, incompletely understood. Combined estrogen-progestogen treatment augments the risk for breast cancer beyond that of estrogen alone, according to numerous studies. The role of breast cell proliferation as a promoter in the development and growth of breast cancer is well recognized.

Materials and methods
Seventy-nine patients from three randomised trials were subject to a re-analysis of breast cell proliferation: (1) 22 women received continuous combined treatment with oral estradiol (E2) 2 mg/norethisterone acetate (NETA) 1 mg once daily for 3 months. (2) Thirty-seven women received 2 months of sequential treatment with oral conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) 0.625 mg daily combined with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) 5 mg for 14/28 days of each cycle. (3) Twenty women received oral estradiol-valerate (E2V) 2 mg daily combined with levonorgestrel (LNG) intrauterine system (IUS), 20 μg/24 h for 2 months. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) (studies 1 and 3) and core needle biopsy (CNB) (study 2) were used for the assessment of breast cell proliferation.

Results
There were no baseline proliferation differences, but at the end of treatment there was a highly significant between-group difference for E2V/LNG IUS versus the other two groups (p = 0.0025). E2/NETA and CEE treatments gave a 4–7-old increase in proliferation during treatment (p = 0.04) and (p = 0.007), respectively, which was absent in the E2V/LNG group, showing a significant correlation with insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) serum levels.

Conclusion
E2V in combination with very low serum concentrations of LNG in the IUS gives no increase in proliferation in the normal breast.
Preparation and characterization of double-coated probiotic bacteria via a fluid-bed process: a case study on Lactobacillus reuteri
Authors: Zaghari Leila , Basiri Alireza , Rahimi Somayeh 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this research, a specific fluidized bed coater, Wurster, was used to double-coat Lactobacillus reuteri. The first layer of coating was shellac (16, 17 and 18% w/v) and sodium alginate (0.5, 1 and 1.5% w/v). The microcapsules coated by 1% sodium alginate showed the highest relative survival of bacteria (11.1%) after 1 h in simulated gastric conditions (pH 2) and was, therefore, selected as the first layer of the microcapsules. Chitosan (0.5, 1 and 1.5% w/v), and arabic gum (1.5, 3 and 6% w/v) were used for the second layer. The best second layer was determined on the basis of relative survival of bacteria after acidic (simulated gastric conditions) and heating (80 °C for 15 and 30 min) examinations. The results showed that the relative survival of bacteria in microcapsules with a second coat of 1% w/v chitosan was higher than the others in both acidic (11.6%) and heating (7.31% at 15 min and 0.63% at 30 min) conditions.
Relative rarity of small wild cats in the Brazilian Pantanal
Authors: Tortato Fernando R. , Devlin Allison L. , Boulhosa Ricardo L. P. , Hoogesteijn Rafael 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Small wild cats (SWC) are naturally cryptic species. The current study presents occurrence information and capture-rates on four SWC species found in the Brazilian Pantanal. The most commonly recorded SWC by camera trap was Leopardus pardalis. Leopardus colocolo and Puma yagouaroundi were relatively rare, while Leopardus guttulus was not recorded in any survey year. We interpret our findings based on the potential competitive influences of L. pardalis and practical implications of camera trap survey design. We recommend that future studies should design camera trap grids with spacing appropriate for SWC to more directly address questions on local population status and interspecific interactions.
Global existence of solutions to some semilinear integro-differential evolution equations with sign-varying kernels
Authors: Jin Kun-Peng , Liang Jin , Xiao Ti-Jun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we study the global existence of solutions to some semilinear integro-differential evolution equations in Hilbert spaces with sign-varying kernels. By treating the problem through fixed point theory and energy method, we obtain the global existence theorem on [0, +∞) of mild and strong solution to the evolution equations with memory effects for oscillating and sign-varying kernels. This theorem generalizes and improves some previous existence results.
Some insights into the lives of builders of early Saint Petersburg
Authors: Gutsmiedl-Schümann D. , Gerling C. , Lapshin V. A. , Moiseyev V. G. , Shirobokov I. G. , Solov’ev S. L. , Uchaneva E. N. , Zubova A. V. , Meyer M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In 2014, the unexpected discovery of some mass graves shed light on the earliest days of the newly founded city of Saint Petersburg. The graves could be dated to the beginning of the 18th century, and analyses of the 255 excavated skeletons indicate that the individuals buried there were some of the workers who were forced to the construction sites and contributed tobuilding early Saint Petersburg.
In this article, we aim to examine the possible origins of the workers and their general living conditions, including pathologies, diet and nutrition. For this, we will use various methods from archaeology, anthropology and isotopic analyses, and we will give some insights into the lives of those people.
Elemental composition analysis of Pistacia lentiscus L., leaves collected from Mitidja plain in Algeria using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) technique
Authors: Benarfa Adel , Begaa Samir , Messaoudi Mohammed , Hamlat Nadjia , Sawicka Barbara 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Most of the rural Algerian communities believed that Pistacia lentiscus L. leaves have therapeutic capacities to treat many gastric diseases and abdomen aches, whereas, the rural habitants of Mitidja, Algeria powdered P. lentiscus L. leaves and consume it fresh in order to heal mild dyspeptic disorders and peptic ulcer. Therefore, the current study was conducted to investigate and monitor the amount of essential and toxic elements of these leaves. The leaf samples were collected from a place called Mitidja, Algeria in autumn 2014. Thereafter, those samples were subjected to an instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Fourteen elements were assessed (As, Br, Ca, Co, Fe, K, La, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sm, Th and Zn). Where, the elements Ca, Fe, K, Na and Zn presented significant concentrations. On the other hand, it was found that the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of these leaves for an adult person per day, is with the tolerance limits and satisfy the nutritional references. Moreover, P. lentiscus L. leaves might be an important nature supplier source of Ca, K, Na, Fe and Zn for the human body, since these elements are considered as the most dietary supplements recommended by doctors to maintain good health.
Distinct Temporal Structure of Nicotinic ACh Receptor Activation Determines Responses of VTA Neurons to Endogenous ACh and Nicotine
Authors: Morozova Ekaterina , Faure Philippe , Gutkin Boris , Lapish Christoper , Kuznetsov Alexey 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe addictive component of tobacco, nicotine, acts via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). The β2 subunit-containing nAChRs (β2-nAChRs) play a crucial role in the rewarding properties of nicotine and are particularly densely expressed in the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system. Specifically, nAChRs directly and indirectly affect DA neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). The understanding of ACh and nicotinic regulation of DA neuron activity is incomplete. By computational modeling, we provide mechanisms for several apparently contradictory experimental results. First, systemic knockout of β2-containing nAChRs drastically reduces DA neurons bursting, although the major glutamatergic (Glu) afferents that have been shown to evoke this bursting stay intact. Second, the most intuitive way to rescue this bursting—by re-expressing the nAChRs on VTA DA neurons—fails. Third, nAChR re-expression on VTA GABA neurons rescues bursting in DA neurons and increases their firing rate under the influence of ACh input, whereas nicotinic application results in the opposite changes in firing. Our model shows that, first, without ACh receptors, Glu excitation of VTA DA and GABA neurons remains balanced and GABA inhibition cancels the direct excitation. Second, re-expression of ACh receptors on DA neurons provides an input that impedes membrane repolarization and is ineffective in restoring firing of DA neurons. Third, the distinct responses to ACh and nicotine occur because of distinct temporal patterns of these inputs: pulsatile versus continuous. Altogether, this study highlights how β2-nAChRs influence coactivation of the VTA DA and GABA neurons required for motivation and saliency signals carried by DA neuron activity.
HEALTH PRESERVING COMPETENCES OF A PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHER: FOREIGN EXPERIENCE
Authors: BINYTSKA Kateryna , BALUKH Mykola 
Published: July 2020

The article highlights foreign experience as for the health preserving competency requirements. In the historical retrospective the conceptual views of the ideas of health preserving have been examined.
It is emphasized that the health preserving technologies used in the modern school, and, in particular, in the primary school, have changed with the change of understanding of the concept of «health». Different paradigms of health have been considered, the views of national and foreign scientists on the concept of «competence», «health preserving competences» have been explained.
It is generalized that the models of health preserving competency are generally considered at the following three «levels»: functional, interactive and critical.
It is emphasized that in the process of formation of health preserving competences of the future primary school teacher, it is necessary to ensure the increase of the level of knowledge about health, taking into account its socio-economic determinants, as well as knowledge and skills related to the healthy lifestyle in all conditions of vital activity, including self-appraisal, self-efficacy and social support. It is important to develop the understanding of the link between public health and the socio-economic development of the country.