bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of plants on the diversity and activity of methylotrophs in soil
Authors: Macey Michael C. , Pratscher Jennifer , Crombie Andrew T. , Murrell J. Colin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Methanol is the second most abundant volatile organic compound in the atmosphere, with the majority produced as a metabolic by-product during plant growth. There is a large disparity between the estimated amount of methanol produced by plants and the amount which escapes to the atmosphere. This may be due to utilisation of methanol by plant-associated methanol-consuming bacteria (methylotrophs). The use of molecular probes has previously been effective in characterising the diversity of methylotrophs within the environment. Here, we developed and applied molecular probes in combination with stable isotope probing to identify the diversity, abundance and activity of methylotrophs in bulk and in plant-associated soils.

Results
Application of probes for methanol dehydrogenase genes (mxaF, xoxF, mdh2) in bulk and plant-associated soils revealed high levels of diversity of methylotrophic bacteria within the bulk soil, including Hyphomicrobium, Methylobacterium and members of the Comamonadaceae. The community of methylotrophic bacteria captured by this sequencing approach changed following plant growth. This shift in methylotrophic diversity was corroborated by identification of the active methylotrophs present in the soils by DNA stable isotope probing using 13C-labelled methanol. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes and construction of metagenomes from the 13C-labelled DNA revealed members of the Methylophilaceae as highly abundant and active in all soils examined. There was greater diversity of active members of the Methylophilaceae and Comamonadaceae and of the genus Methylobacterium in plant-associated soils compared to the bulk soil. Incubating growing pea plants in a 13CO2 atmosphere revealed that several genera of methylotrophs, as well as heterotrophic genera within the Actinomycetales, assimilated plant exudates in the pea rhizosphere.

Conclusion
In this study, we show that plant growth has a major impact on both the diversity and the activity of methanol-utilising methylotrophs in the soil environment, and thus, the study contributes significantly to efforts to balance the terrestrial methanol and carbon cycle.
“It’s like I was out there by myself”: The receipt of reentry support among HIV-infected formerly incarcerated individuals in New York City
Authors: Rowell-Cunsolo Tawandra L. , Hu Gloria , Haile Rahwa 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
In the U.S., approximately one in seven HIV-infected individuals experience incarceration at least once in their lifetime. While HIV-infected individuals experience positive health outcomes during periods of incarceration, they tend to experience treatment disruption as they return to their community after custody which results in poor health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to explore the transitional support received from the Department of Corrections during the reentry period.

Methods
We conducted in-depth interviews with 20 HIV-infected formerly incarcerated individuals in New York City. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed. Three researchers performed line-by-line reading of the transcripts to identify dominant codes and themes that emerged. A mixture of deductive and inductive techniques was used to identify patterns that emerged in the data.

Results
Most of the participants were male and racial and ethnic minorities. There were five dominant themes that emerged during our analysis: 1) variations in the quantity of antiretroviral medication received during transition; 2) linkages to community-based physical health care providers was not well-coordinated; 3) insufficient housing and social resources; 4) structural and social challenges to post-release well-being; and 5) family as a source of resilience.

Conclusions
Discharge support planning should include sufficient medication to prevent treatment disruption and a more comprehensive approach to linkage to community-based healthcare services. Such planning should also include thorough pre-release assessments to identify appropriate levels of support needed, including employment and housing assistance, which will be useful for resource allocation. Broadening public health partnerships may also increase availability and promote accessibility to the most appropriate healthcare services and programs, which may provide better opportunities to receive coordinated care and ensure continuity of care. Finally, ties to family members and other loved ones should be leveraged to help facilitate the achievement of optimal health outcomes among this population.
A comparative analysis of machine learning methods for emotion recognition using EEG and peripheral physiological signals
Authors: Doma Vikrant , Pirouz Matin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEmotion recognition using brain signals has the potential to change the way we identify and treat some health conditions. Difficulties and limitations may arise in general emotion recognition software due to the restricted number of facial expression triggers, dissembling of emotions, or among people with alexithymia. Such triggers are identified by studying the continuous brainwaves generated by human brain. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals from the brain give us a more diverse insight on emotional states that one may not be able to express. Brainwave EEG signals can reflect the changes in electrical potential resulting from communications networks between neurons. This research involves analyzing the epoch data from EEG sensor channels and performing comparative analysis of multiple machine learning techniques [namely Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbor, Linear Discriminant Analysis, Logistic Regression and Decision Trees each of these models] were tested with and without principal component analysis (PCA) for dimensionality reduction. Grid search was also utilized for hyper-parameter tuning for each of the tested machine learning models over Spark cluster for lowered execution time. The DEAP Dataset was used in this study, which is a multimodal dataset for the analysis of human affective states. The predictions were based on the labels given by the participants for each of the 40 1-min long excerpts of music. music. Participants rated each video in terms of the level of arousal, valence, like/dislike, dominance and familiarity. The binary class classifiers were trained on the time segmented, 15 s intervals of epoch data, individually for each of the 4 classes. PCA with SVM performed the best and produced an F1-score of 84.73% with 98.01% recall in the 30th to 45th interval of segmentation. For each of the time segments and “a binary training class” a different classification model converges to a better accuracy and recall than others. The results prove that different classification models must be used to identify different emotional states.
Nutrition in RMDs: is it really food for thought? Focus on rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Alunno Alessia , Nikiphorou Elena , Philippou Elena , Daien Claire , Wiek Dieter , Kouloumas Marios , Cutolo Maurizio 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
The relationship between food and health is known since the antiquity and in the field of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs), mainly rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a large number of studies has been published over the last 50 years encompassing different aspects of nutrition. This led to postulate a role of nutrients for both primary prevention of RMDs in the general population and secondary prevention of disease flares and complications in patients with an established RMD.

Main body of abstract
We aimed to summarise and critically discuss current evidence on the role of different nutrients and dietary regimens in RMDs with a focus on RA. Over the last years, some seminal papers proved that some compounds, such as salt, can directly modulate the immune system and large epidemiological studies have been linking dietary patters with the risk to develop RMDs. However, physicians’ knowledge about the role of diet in disease prevention and treatment is often poor and ultimately diet is rarely perceived as a companion of pharmacological treatment.

Conclusions
Based on the currently available evidence, we are not (yet?) in the phase of putting diet on the same level as pharmacological treatment in RMDs and in particular, RA, but future studies will likely shed additional light on this controversial topic and at least might suggest a value as dietary prevention of risk factors.
Evaluation of low cryptococcal antigen titer as determined by the lateral flow assay in serum and cerebrospinal fluid among HIV-negative patients: a retrospective diagnostic accuracy study
Authors: Wang Xuan , Cheng Jia-Hui , Zhou Ling-Hong , Zhu Jun-Hao , Wang Rui-Ying , Zhao Hua-Zhen , Jiang Ying-Kui , Huang Li-Ping , Yip Ching-Wan , Que Chun-Xing , Zhu Min , Zhu Li-Ping 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCryptococcosis is one of the most common opportunistic infections in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. Although the cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) lateral flow assay (LFA) has been widely used in clinical settings due to its high sensitivity and specificity, the diagnostic value of a low CrAg LFA titers remains unclear. In this study, we performed a retrospective analysis of 149 HIV-negative patients with low CrAg LFA titers (≤1:10) in a Chinese tertiary hospital from January 2013 to December 2017, to evaluate the diagnostic value of low CrAg LFA titers in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at different thresholds. Sensitivity and specificity of low CrAg LFA titers in patients with definitive diagnoses of cryptococcosis were 39.6% (95% CI, 29.7–50.1%) and 100% (95% CI, 69.2–100%), respectively, at a threshold of 1:10 in serum. A sensitivity of 72.9% (95% CI, 62.9–81.5%) and a decreased specificity of 70.0% (95% CI, 34.8–93.3%) were observed at a threshold of 1:5 in serum. No false-positive cases were identified in patients with low CrAg titers in CSF and all positive predictive values (PPVs) were 100%. Among the cases with low serum CrAg titers, lumbar puncture was performed in 97 patients and positive CSF CrAg titers were reported in 6 patients. In conclusion, the results of this study imply that low CrAg LFA titer, either in serum or CSF, is crucial for early diagnosis of cryptococcosis in HIV-negative patients, and lumbar puncture is recommended to be performed routinely for CSF testing when a positive low serum titer is reported. Cryptococcal meningitis should be considered seriously when the CSF CrAg titer is positive.
Intensity noise as a driver for transverse mode instability in fiber amplifiers
Authors: Stihler Christoph , Jauregui Cesar , Kholaif Sobhy E. , Limpert Jens 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe effect of transverse mode instability (TMI) is currently the main limitation for the further average-power scaling of fiber laser systems with diffraction-limited beam quality. In this work a main driving force for TMI in fiber amplifiers is identified. Our experiments and simulations illustrate that the performance of fiber laser systems in terms of their diffraction-limited output power can be significantly reduced when the pump or seed radiation exhibit intensity noise. This finding emphasizes the fact that the TMI threshold is not only determined by the active fiber but, rather, by the whole system. In the experiment an artificially applied pump intensity-noise of 2.9% led to a reduction of the TMI threshold of 63%, whereas a similar seed intensity-noise decreased it by just 13%. Thus, even though both noise sources have an impact on the TMI threshold, the pump intensity-noise can be considered as the main driver for TMI in saturated fiber amplifiers. Additionally, the work unveils that the physical origin of this behavior is linked to the noise transfer function in saturated fiber amplifiers. With the gained knowledge and the experimental and theoretical results, it can be concluded that a suppression of pump-noise frequencies below 20 kHz could strongly increase the TMI threshold in high-power fiber laser systems.
Can we really teach cognitive behavioral therapy with a massive open online course?
Authors: Gargot Thomas , Arnaoutoglou Nikitas A. , Costa Tiago , Sidorova Olga , Liu-Thwaites Natasha , Moorey Stirling , Hanon Cécile 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A better training in psychotherapy is needed for psychiatry trainees. Online Cognitive Behavioural Therapies (CBT) could be a good solution. Free and wide audience course like Massive Open Online course (MOOCs) increase dissemination and accessibility of the training. However, the engagement needs to be improved. A hybrid approach seems relevant with the MOOC as an incentive. Beyond the promotion of the topic, a MOOC can be a promotion tool for the provider. The economic model of the MOOC needed to be taken into account to allow sustainability. To explore these elements, we take into account a survey taken during the 1st European Psychiatric Association MOOC about CBT.
Use of Optimal Evidence-Based Anticancer Drug Regimens in Physician Offices Versus Hospital Outpatient Facilities
Authors: Fishman Ezra , Fisch Michael J. , Liu Ying , Barron John J. , Nguyen Ann , Sylwestrzak Gosia 
Published: March 2020

PURPOSE: Cancer care has increasingly shifted from physician offices (MDOs) to hospital-based outpatient departments (HOPDs). This study compared the proportion of patients receiving optimal, evidence-based anticancer drug regimens and the cost of care when administered in these sites. METHODS: Patients with breast, lung, or colorectal cancer were identified from a large health insurance database. Anticancer drug regimens were considered on pathway when they were on the payer’s program list of optimal regimens when administered. Anticancer drug–related costs included all patient- and plan-paid costs on claims for anticancer drugs over the 6-month postindex period; total per-patient costs were summed over all claims in that period. RESULTS: A total of 38,140 patients (MDO, n = 18,998; HOPD, n = 19,142) were included. On-pathway status was similar in HOPDs (59.5%; 95% CI, 58.6% to 60.4%) versus MDOs (60.8%; 95% CI, 59.8% to 61.8%; P = .069). HOPDs had substantially higher costs. Adjusted cancer drug–related costs were $63,763 (95% CI, $62,301 to $65,224) for HOPDs versus $36,500 (95% CI, $35,729 to $37,271) for MDOs ( P < .001); adjusted total costs were $115,843 (95% CI, $113,642 to $118,044) for HOPDs versus $77,346 (95% CI, $76,072 to $78,620) for MDOs ( P < .001). For Medicare Advantage, adjusted total costs were $61,812 for HOPDs compared with $62,769 for MDOs; adjusted drug-related costs were $31,610 for HOPDs compared with $33,168 for MDOs. For commercial insurance, total costs were $119,288 for HOPDs compared with $77,613 for MDOs; drug-related costs were $65,930 for HOPDs compared with $36,366 for MDOs. CONCLUSION: Total and cancer drug–related per-patient costs were higher in HOPDs versus MDOs, but on-pathway status was similar. The cost differential between HOPDs and MDOs was driven by commercially insured members rather than Medicare Advantage members.
First derivative ATR-FTIR spectroscopic method as a green tool for the quantitative determination of diclofenac sodium tablets
Authors: Fahelelbom Khairi M. S. , Saleh Abdullah , Mansour Ramez , Sayed Sadik 
Published: March 2020

Background: Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy is a rapid quantitative method which has been applied for pharmaceutical analysis. This work describes the utility of first derivative ATR-FTIR spectroscopy in the quantitative determination of diclofenac sodium tablets. Methods: This analytical quantitative technique depends on a first derivative measurement of the area of infrared bands corresponding to the CO stretching range of 1550-1605 cm-1. The specificity, linearity, detection limits, precision and accuracy of the calibration curve, the infrared analysis and data manipulation were determined in order to validate the method. The statistical results were compared with other methods for the quantification of diclofenac sodium. Results: The excipients in the commercial tablet preparation did not interfere with the assay. Excellent linearity was found for the drug concentrations in the range 0.2 – 1.5 w/w %. (r2= 0.9994). Precision of the method was assessed by the repeated analysis of diclofenac sodium tablets; the results obtained showed small standard deviation and relative standard deviation values, which indicates that the method is quite precise. The high percentage of recovery of diclofenac sodium tablets (99.81, 101.54 and 99.41%) demonstrate the compliance of the obtained recoveries with the pharmacopeial percent recovery. The small limit of detection and limit of quantification values (0.0528 and 0.1599 w/w %, respectively) obtained by this method indicate the high sensitivity of the method. Conclusions: First derivative ATR-FTIR spectroscopy showed high accuracy and precision, is considered as nondestructive, green, low cost and rapid, and can be applied easily for the pharmaceutical quantitative determination of diclofenac sodium tablet formulations.
Patient and caregiver reported facilitators of self-care among patients with chronic heart failure: report from a formative qualitative study
Authors: Kamath DY , Bhuvana KB , Dhiraj RS , Xavier D , Varghese K , Salazar LJ , Granger CB , Pais P , Granger BB 
Published: March 2020

Background: Adherence to a complex, yet effective medication regimen improves clinical outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). However, patient adherence to an agreed upon plan for medication-taking is sub-optimal and continues to hover at 50% in developed countries. Studies to improve medication-taking have focused on interventions to improve adherence to guideline-directed medication therapy, yet few of these studies have integrated patients’ perceptions of what constitutes effective strategies for improved medication-taking and self-care in everyday life. The purpose of this formative study was to explore patient perceived facilitators of selfcare and medication-taking in South Asian CHF patients. Methods: We conducted in-depth interviews of patients with long standing heart failure admitted to the cardiology and internal medicine wards of a South Indian tertiary care hospital. We purposively sampled using the following criteria: sex, socio-economic status, health literacy and patient reported medication adherence in the month prior to hospitalization. We employed inductive coding to identify facilitators. At the end of 15 interviews (eight patients and seven caregivers; seven patient-caregiver dyads), we arrived at theoretical saturation for facilitators. Results: Facilitators could be classified into intrinsic (patient traits – situational awareness, self-efficacy, gratitude, resilience, spiritual invocation and support seeking behavior) and extrinsic (shaped by the environment – financial security and caregiver support, company of children, ease of healthcare access, trust in provider/hospital, supportive environment and recognizing the importance of knowledge). Conclusions: We identified and classified a set of key patient and caregiver reported self-care facilitators among Indian CHF patients. The learnings from this study will be incorporated into an intervention package to improve patient engagement, overall self-care and patient-caregiver-provider dynamics.
On anthropometric data of the male student candidates of the Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy at the University of Tartu in 2017
Authors: Lintsi Mart , Aule Rein , Annus Heiti , Mooses Martin , Viru Mehis , Lemberg Harry , Pehme Ando , Nurmekivi Ants , Kaarma Helje , Aunapuu Marina , Arend Andres 
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate some anthropometric variables of student candidates of the Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu in 2017. All anthropometric measurements were made according to the recommendations of R. Martin [7].
Comparison of the height and weight data of the studied subjects with the height and weight norms of Estonia provided by Kaarma et al. [9] revealed that the entrants were taller in height but with the same average weight.
In our study, the somatotypes recommended by Kaarma et al. [9] were used for the first time on entrants to the university. Our study found that male student candidates’ body somatotypes were divided into SD classes as follows: small 8.6%, medium 22.9%, large 18.6%; subtypes of pycnomorphic somatotypes: 7.1% in class I, 1.4% in class II, and 8.6% in class III; leptomorphic somatotypes were divided: 11.4% in class I, none in class II and 31.4% in class III.
Based on the recommendations of several authors, we calculated the ideal body weight for all the entrants enrolled in the study.
Comparison of the average body weight of entrants with the average weight calculated using the ideal weight method revealed an interesting situation. Namely, the mean values calculated using the Devine (1974) formula did not differ statistically significantly from the mean of the measured weights (t=0.101, p> 0.05). Neither did Devine’s (1974) ideal weight and BMI, Rohrer’s index and ponderal index calculated from it, and the body surface calculated according to the formulas of Dubois and Dubois and Mosteller differ from the actual figures.
Assessment of development of adolescent volleyball players’ jumping ability
Authors: Stamm Raini , Stamm Meelis , Mets Madis 
Published: March 2020

The aim of the study was to find the influence of Prof. A. Belyayev and L. Bulykina’s a month-and-a-half vertical jumping ability development programme on adolescent volleyball players aged 12–14 years.
The subjects in the experimental group were 15 adolescent volleyball players whose mean age was 12.9 years – 7 boys whose initial mean running jump result was 52.9 cm and 8 girls whose mean running jump result was 36.9 cm. The control group consisted of 13 players – 3 boys whose initial mean running jump result was 54.3 cm and 10 girls whose mean running jump result was 47 cm.
The study consists of three parts; in the first part, the subjects’ anthropometric variables and running and standing jump ability were measured. Thereafter, the volleyball players of the experimental group attended a programme that lasted for 54 days, after which the children’s anthropometric variables and jumping ability were measured again.
The results showed that the vertical jumping ability development programme proved effective. It improved girls’ and boys’ mean vertical standing jump result by 6.8 cm and vertical jump from attack steps by 6.5 cm. Boys improved their vertical standing jump result by 6.2 cm and vertical jump from attack steps by 7.8 cm. Girls’ vertical standing jump result improved by 7.4 cm and vertical jump from attack steps by 5.1 cm; the changes were statistically significant.
In the control group, jumping ability did not change statistically significantly, considering the mean results of the groups.
A. V. Belyayev and L. Bulykina’s jumping ability development programme proved to be suitable to be used in an adapted version for developing 12–14-year-old volleyball players’ vertical jumping ability.