bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of anti-phishing browser based on random forest and rule of extraction framework
Authors: HR Mohith Gowda , MV Adithya , S Gunesh Prasad , S Vinay 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPhishing is a technique under Social Engineering attacks which is most widely used to get user sensitive information, such as login credentials and credit and debit card information, etc. It is carried out by a person masquerading as an authentic individual. To protect web users from these attacks, various anti-phishing techniques are developed, but they fail to protect the user from these attacks in various ways. In this paper, we propose a novel technique to identify phishing websites effortlessly on the client side by proposing a novel browser architecture. In this system, we use the rule of extraction framework to extract the properties or features of a website using the URL only. This list consists of 30 different properties of a URL, which will later be used by the Random Forest Classification machine learning model to detect the authenticity of the website. A dataset consisting of 11,055 tuples is used to train the model. These processes are carried out on the client-side with the help of a redesigned browser architecture. Today Researches have come up with machine learning frameworks to detect phishing sites, but they are not in a state to be used by individuals having no technical knowledge. To make sure that these tools are accessible to every individual, we have improvised and introduced detection methods into the browser architecture named as ‘Embedded Phishing Detection Browser’ (EPDB), which is a novel method to preserve the existing user experience while improving the security. The newly designed browser architecture introduces a special segment to perform phishing detection operations in real-time. We have prototyped this technique to ensure maximum security, better accuracy of 99.36% in the identification of phishing websites in real-time.
Wave-equation time migration
Authors: Fomel Sergey , Kaur Harpreet 
Published: October 2020

Time migration, as opposed to depth migration, suffers from two well-known shortcomings: (1) approximate equations are used for computing Green’s functions inside the imaging operator and (2) in case of lateral velocity variations, the transformation between the image-ray coordinates and the Cartesian coordinates is undefined in places where the image rays cross. We have found that the first limitation can be removed entirely by formulating time migration through wave propagation in image-ray coordinates. Our approach constructs a time-migrated image without relying on any kind of traveltime approximation by formulating an appropriate geometrically accurate acoustic wave equation in the time-migration domain. The advantage of this approach is that the propagation velocity in image-ray coordinates does not require expensive model building and can be approximated by quantities that are estimated in conventional time-domain processing. Synthetic and field data examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and show that the proposed imaging workflow leads to a significant uplift in terms of image quality and can bridge the gap between time and depth migrations. The image obtained by the proposed algorithm is correctly focused and mapped to depth coordinates; it is comparable to the image obtained by depth migration.
Metabolomics of Lean/Overweight Insulin-Resistant Females Reveals Alterations in Steroids and Fatty Acids
Authors: Diboun Ilhame , Al-Mansoori Layla , Al-Jaber Hend , Albagha Omar , Elrayess Mohamed A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The global diabetes epidemic is largely attributed to obesity-triggered metabolic syndrome. However, the impact of insulin resistance (IR) prior to obesity on the high prevalence of diabetes and the molecular mediators remain largely unknown. This study aims to compare the metabolic profiling of apparently healthy lean/overweight participants with IR and insulin sensitivity (IS), and identify the metabolic pathways underlying IR.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, clinical and metabolic data for 200 seemingly healthy young female participants (100 IR and 100 IS) was collected from Qatar Biobank. Orthogonal partial least square analysis was performed to assess the extent of separation between individuals from the 2 groups based on measured metabolites. Classical linear models were used to identify the metabolic signature of IR, followed by elastic-net-regularized generalized linear model (GLMNET) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to determine top metabolites associated with IR.

Results
Compared to lean/overweight participants with IS, those with IR showed increased androgenic steroids, including androsterone glucuronide, in addition to various microbiota byproducts, such as the phenylalanine derivative carboxyethylphenylalanine. On the other hand, participants with IS had elevated levels of long-chain fatty acids. A ROC analysis suggested better discriminatory performance using 20 metabolites selected by GLMNET in comparison to the classical clinical traits (area under curve: 0.93 vs 0.73, respectively).

Conclusion
Our data confirm the multifactorial mechanism of IR with a diverse spectrum of emerging potential biomarkers, including steroids, long-chain fatty acids, and microbiota metabolites. Further studies are warranted to validate these markers for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Genotype-Phenotype Features of Germline Variants of the TMEM127 Pheochromocytoma Susceptibility Gene: A 10-Year Update
Authors: Armaiz-Pena Gustavo , Flores Shahida K , Cheng Zi-Ming , Zhang Xhingyu , Esquivel Emmanuel , Poullard Natalie , Vaidyanathan Anusha , Liu Qianqian , Michalek Joel , Santillan-Gomez Alfredo A , Liss Michael , Ahmadi Sara , Katselnik Daniel , Maldonado Enrique , Salgado Sarimar Agosto , Jimenez Camilo , Fishbein Lauren , Hamidi Oksana , Else Tobias , Lechan Ron , Tischler Art S , Benn Diana E , Dwight Trisha , Clifton-Bligh Rory , Sanso Gabriela , Barontini Marta , Vincent Deepa , Aronin Neil , Biondi Bernadette , Koops Maureen , Bowhay-Carnes Elizabeth , Gimenez-Roqueplo Anne-Paule , Alvarez-Eslava Andrea , Bruder Jan M , Kitano Mio , Burnichon Nelly , Ding Yanli , Dahia Patricia L M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Purpose
This work aimed to evaluate genotype-phenotype associations in individuals carrying germline variants of transmembrane protein 127 gene (TMEM127), a poorly known gene that confers susceptibility to pheochromocytoma (PHEO) and paraganglioma (PGL).

Design
Data were collected from a registry of probands with TMEM127 variants, published reports, and public databases.

Main Outcome Analysis
Clinical, genetic, and functional associations were determined.

Results
The cohort comprised 110 index patients (111 variants) with a mean age of 45 years (range, 21-84 years). Females were predominant (76 vs 34, P &lt; .001). Most patients had PHEO (n = 94; 85.5%), although PGL (n = 10; 9%) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC, n = 6; 5.4%) were also detected, either alone or in combination with PHEO. One-third of the cases had multiple tumors, and known family history was reported in 15.4%. Metastatic PHEO/PGL was rare (2.8%). Epinephrine alone, or combined with norepinephrine, accounted for 82% of the catecholamine profiles of PHEO/PGLs. Most variants (n = 63) occurred only once and 13 were recurrent (2-12 times). Although nontruncating variants were less frequent than truncating changes overall, they were predominant in non-PHEO clinical presentations (36% PHEO-only vs 69% other, P &lt; .001) and clustered disproportionately within transmembrane regions (P &lt; .01), underscoring the relevance of these domains for TMEM127 function. Integration of clinical and previous experimental data supported classification of variants into 4 groups based on mutation type, localization, and predicted disruption.

Conclusions
Patients with TMEM127 variants often resemble sporadic nonmetastatic PHEOs. PGL and RCC may also co-occur, although their causal link requires further evaluation. We propose a new classification to predict variant pathogenicity and assist with carrier surveillance.
Η εφαρμογή του μοντέλου της ανεστραμμένης τάξης (flipped Classroom) στη Τριτοβάθμια Εκπαίδευση: ο λόγος στους φοιτητές
Authors: Ρακιτζή Καρολίνα , Μπότσογλου Καφένια , Ρουσσάκης Γιάννης 
Published: October 2020

Οι διδάσκοντες της Τριτοβάθμιας Εκπαίδευσης αντιμετωπίζουν την πρόκληση της οργάνωση της διδασκαλίας και της μάθησης κατά τρόπο που θα ανταποκρίνεται τις εκπαιδευτικές ανάγκες και τις εμπειρίες των φοιτητών τους, που τα τελευταία χρόνια έχουν κυρίως ψηφιακό υπόβαθρο. Η παραδοσιακή διδασκαλία με διάλεξη φαίνεται να μην τις καλύπτει·, αντιθέτως, εμφανίζεται να έχει ως αποτέλεσμα τόσο την ελλιπή επικοινωνία και αλληλεπίδραση μεταξύ των φοιτητών αλλά και μεταξύ φοιτητών – διδασκόντων, όσο και την αδυναμία ένταξης συνεργατικών μεθόδων εργασίας. Στο πλαίσιο αυτό, επιχειρήθηκε η εφαρμογή του καινοτόμου μοντέλου της ανεστραμμένης τάξης (flipped classroom). Η εργασία παρουσιάζει όψεις αυτής της εφαρμογής, η οποία είχε τη μορφή έρευνας δράσης που διήρκησε ένα εξάμηνο και εφαρμόστηκε στο μάθημα «Σύγχρονες Παιδαγωγικές Προσεγγίσεις», στο Παιδαγωγικό Τμήμα Ειδικής Αγωγής του Πανεπιστημίου Θεσσαλίας με συμμετέχοντες 131 φοιτητές. Η θεματική ανάλυση περιεχομένου των εργασιών των συμμετεχόντων σε δύο φάσεις κωδικοποίησης οδηγούν σε συμπεράσματα ικανά να τροφοδοτήσουν τον στοχασμό της Πανεπιστημιακής Εκπαίδευσης. Σκιαγραφείται μια αισιόδοξη εικόνα τόσο σε διδακτικό επίπεδο με το αυξημένο ενδιαφέρον των φοιτητών να επιθυμούν να συμμετέχουν ενεργά στην εκπαιδευτική διαδικασία καθορίζοντας σε σημαντικό βαθμό της πορεία της, όσο και σε κοινωνικό συμβάλλοντας στην αλληλεπίδραση, τη συνεργασία και κατ’ επέκταση τη κοινωνικοποίησή τους εντός και εκτός της πανεπιστημιακής αίθουσας.
From “business continuity” to “back to business” for orthopaedic surgeons during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Liow Ming Han Lincoln , Tay Kenny Xian Khing , Yeo Nicholas Eng Meng , Tay Darren Keng Jin , Goh Seo Kiat , Koh Joyce Suang Bee , Howe Tet Sen , Tan Andrew Hwee Chye 
Published: October 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to unprecedented challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. Orthopaedic departments have adopted business continuity models and guidelines for essential and non-essential surgeries to preserve hospital resources as well as protect patients and staff. These guidelines broadly encompass reduction of ambulatory care with a move towards telemedicine, redeployment of orthopaedic surgeons/residents to the frontline battle against COVID-19, continuation of education and research through web-based means, and cancellation of non-essential elective procedures. However, if containment of COVID-19 community spread is achieved, resumption of elective orthopaedic procedures and transition plans to return to normalcy must be considered for orthopaedic departments. The COVID-19 pandemic also presents a moral dilemma to the orthopaedic surgeon considering elective procedures. What is the best treatment for our patients and how does the fear of COVID-19 influence the risk-benefit discussion during a pandemic? Surgeons must deliberate the fine balance between elective surgery for a patient’s wellbeing versus risks to the operating team and utilization of precious hospital resources. Attrition of healthcare workers or Orthopaedic surgeons from restarting elective procedures prematurely or in an unsafe manner may render us ill-equipped to handle the second wave of infections. This highlights the need to develop effective screening protocols or preoperative COVID-19 testing before elective procedures in high-risk, elderly individuals with comorbidities. Alternatively, high-risk individuals should be postponed until the risk of nosocomial COVID-19 infection is minimal. In addition, given the higher mortality and perioperative morbidity of patients with COVID-19 undergoing surgery, the decision to operate must be carefully deliberated. As we ramp-up elective services and get “back to business” as orthopaedic surgeons, we have to be constantly mindful to proceed in a cautious and calibrated fashion, delivering the best care, while maintaining utmost vigilance to prevent the resurgence of COVID-19 during this critical transition period. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-6:222–228.
Single-shot photon recording for three-dimensional memory with prospects of high capacity
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Tan Dezhi , Qiu Jianrong 
Published: October 2020

Femtosecond laser-induced modification in the glass has drawn considerable interest due to its widespread superiority in the applications of three-dimensional optical storage. In this Letter, we report that a single pulse could be used in optical memory with super-high writing speed. The photoluminescence image and spectrum indicate that one pulse-induced permanent photoreduction of

S
m

3
+

to

S
m

2
+

in

S
m

3
+

-doped sodium aluminoborate glass can be achieved. Consequently, strong emission contrast is obtained, which is used for optical storage. By regulating the fabrication conditions, the fluorescent diameter could be controlled to approximately 800 nm, which demonstrates the feasibility in super-high density optical storage. Besides, multi-layer information is successfully inscribed. The proposed technique of single-pulse writing holds great potential for optical memory with high speed and huge capacity.
High numerical aperture microwave metalens
Authors: Liu Yong-Qiang , Sun Jinhai , Che Yongxing , Qi Kainan , Li Liangsheng , Yin Hongcheng 
Published: October 2020

The numerical aperture (NA) of a lens determines its focusing resolution capability and the maximum light collection or emission angle. In this Letter, an ultrathin high NA metalens operating in the microwave band is designed and demonstrated both numerically and experimentally. The proposed element is constructed by a multi-layer complementary split ring resonator, which can cover full

2

π

phase shift simultaneously with high transmission magnitude by varying its radius gradually. The numerical and experimental results reveal that the designed ultrathin (thickness is only

∼

0.23

λ

) metalens can focus normal incident microwave efficiently to a spot of full width at half-maximum (FWHM) as small as

∼

0.54

λ

with a corresponding high NA exceeding 0.9. Besides, the high NA metalens also possesses a relatively large focusing efficiency with a peak 48% within considered broad frequency range from 7.5 to 10 GHz. The performances of the presented metalens can be comparable or even superior to nowadays high-quality optical metalenses and represent an important step to develop a high-performance metalens in low spectrum. Besides, it can greatly facilitate the development of some novel miniaturized devices like a high-gain low profile scanning antenna, an ultra-compact retroreflector, and cloaks.
Sleeping with the Lights On: The Unsettling Story of Horror, Darryl Jones (2018)
Authors: Anderson Patrick 
Published: October 2020

Review of: Sleeping with the Lights On: The Unsettling Story of Horror, Darryl Jones (2018)
New York: Oxford University Press, 181 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-19882-648-4, h/bk, £10.99
On the moduli spaces of singular principal bundles on stable curves
Authors: Castañeda Ángel Luis Muñoz 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We prove the existence of a linearization for singular principal G-bundles not depending on the base curve. This allow us to construct the relative compact moduli space of δ-(semi)stable singular principal G-bundles over families of reduced projective and connected nodal curves, and to reduce the construction of the universal moduli space over 𝓜

g
to the construction of the universal moduli space of swamps.
Tropical superelliptic curves
Authors: Brandt Madeline , Helminck Paul Alexander 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe present an algorithm for computing the Berkovich skeleton of a superelliptic curveyn=f(x) over a valued field. After defining superelliptic weighted metric graphs, we show that each one is realizable by an algebraic superelliptic curve whennis prime. Lastly, we study the locus of superelliptic weighted metric graphs inside the moduli space of tropical curves of genusg.
Seeing as Cognizing: Perception, Concepts and Meditation Practice in Indian Buddhist Epistemology
Authors: Pecchia Cristina 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
As Buddhist literature makes abundantly clear, the Buddha’s knowledge is an instance of yogic perception; it radically differs from the ordinary cognition of empirical objects and results from a special training that includes ascetic toil and meditative practices. This essay aims to explore the role of special cognitive processes – in particular the Buddha’s vision of the Truths and cognitive processes relating to meditation practices – in the Buddhist epistemological tradition of South Asia. It argues that, given the Indian philosophical context, an epistemology with Buddhist presuppositions had to consider why and how meditation practices can make a difference as regards the results of cognition. Passages from Dharmakīrti’s work will be examined that show how Dharmakīrti represents yogic perception and the function of meditation practices (especially visualization) in transforming habitual processes of conceptualization.
Information-sharing practices on Facebook during the 2017 French presidential campaign: An “unreliable information bubble” within the extreme right
Authors: Figeac Julien , Smyrnaios Nikos , Salord Tristan , Cabanac Guillaume , Fraisier Ophélie , Ratinaud Pierre , Seffusatti Fanny 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis research explores the spread of unreliable information on Facebook during the 2017 French presidential campaign. By analyzing information-sharing behavior on 252 Facebook pages, our study highlights the wide variety of information sources shared by several political communities, notably news published by partisan websites or activist blogs. Our results demonstrate that political parties – particularly, those on the extreme ends of the political spectrum – tend to re-share a large amount of information reflecting the same ideological positions as their own. This trend is amplified by a phenomenon of endo-citation, that is, a “circular circulation” of information between Facebook pages within the same political community. Our results focus on the information practices of the far-right, tracing a clear over-representation of sources that are unreliable or likely to relay disinformation. We argue that this circular transmission of information creates an “unreliable information bubble” that characterizes far-right information-sharing behavior.
Pointwise bound for ℓ-torsion in class groups: Elementary abelian extensions
Authors: Wang Jiuya 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Elementary abelian groups are finite groups in the form of

A
=

(

ℤ
/
p

⁢
ℤ

)

r

{A=(\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z})^{r}}

for a prime number p. For every integer

ℓ
>
1

{\ell>1}

and

r
>
1

{r>1}

, we prove a non-trivial upper bound on the

ℓ

{\ell}

-torsion in class groups of every A-extension. Our results are pointwise and unconditional. This establishes the first case where for some Galois group G, the

ℓ

{\ell}

-torsion in class groups are bounded non-trivially for every G-extension and every integer

ℓ
>
1

{\ell>1}

. When r is large enough, the unconditional pointwise bound we obtain also breaks the previously best known bound shown by Ellenberg and Venkatesh under GRH.
A comparison of approaches for estimating combined population attributable risks (PARs) for multiple risk factors
Authors: Ruan Yibing , Walter Stephen D. , Friedenreich Christine M. , Brenner Darren R. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The methods to estimate the population attributable risk (PAR) of a single risk factor or the combined PAR of multiple risk factors have been extensively studied and well developed. Ideally, the estimation of combined PAR of multiple risk factors should be based on large cohort studies, which account for both the joint distributions of risk exposures and for their interactions. However, because such individual-level data are often lacking, many studies estimate the combined PAR using a comparative risk assessment framework. It involves estimating PAR of each risk factor based on its prevalence and relative risk, and then combining the individual PARs using an approach that relies on two key assumptions: that the distributions of exposures to the risk factors are independent and that the relative risks are multiplicative. While such assumptions rarely hold true in practice, no studies have investigated the magnitude of bias incurred if the assumptions are violated.

Methods
Using simulation-based models, we compared the combined PARs obtained with this approach to the more accurate estimates of PARs that are available when the joint distributions of exposures and risks can be established.

Results
We show that the assumptions of exposure independence and risk multiplicativity are sufficient but not necessary for the combined PAR to be unbiased. In the simplest situation of two risk factors, the bias of this approach is a function of the strength of association and the magnitude of risk interaction, for any values of exposure prevalence and their associated risks. In some cases, the combined PAR can be strongly under- or over-estimated, even if the two assumptions are only slightly violated.

Conclusions
We encourage researchers to quantify likely biases in their use of the M–S method, and here, we provided level plots and R code to assist.
Special value formula for the twisted triple product L-function and an application to the restricted L
2-norm problem
Authors: Cheng Yao 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We establish explicit Ichino’s formulae for the central values of the
triple product L-functions with emphasis on the calculations for the real place.
The key ingredient for our computations is Proposition 8
which generalizes a result in [P. Michel and A. Venkatesh,
The subconvexity problem for

GL
2

{\rm GL}_{2}

,
Publ. Math. Inst. Hautes Études Sci. 111 2010, 171–271].
As an application we prove the optimal upper bound of a sum of restricted

L
2

{L^{2}}

-norms
of the

L
2

{L^{2}}

-normalized newforms on certain quadratic extensions with prime level and bounded
spectral parameter following the methods in [V. Blomer,
On the 4-norm of an automorphic form,
J. Eur. Math. Soc. (JEMS) 15 2013, 5, 1825–1852].
Optimal importance sampling for continuous Gaussian fields
Authors: Pacchiarotti Barbara 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We consider the problem of selecting a change of mean which minimizes the variance of Monte Carlo estimators for the expectation of a functional of a continuous Gaussian field, in particular
continuous Gaussian processes.
Functionals of Gaussian fields have taken up an important position in many fields
including statistical physics of disordered systems and mathematical finance
(see, for example,
[A. Comtet, C. Monthus and M. Yor,
Exponential functionals of Brownian motion and disordered systems,
J. Appl. Probab. 35 1998, 2, 255–271],
[D. Dufresne,
The integral of geometric Brownian motion,
Adv. in Appl. Probab. 33 2001, 1, 223–241],
[N. Privault and W. I. Uy,
Monte Carlo computation of the Laplace transform of exponential Brownian functionals,
Methodol. Comput. Appl. Probab. 15 2013, 3, 511–524] and
[V. R. Fatalov,
On the Laplace method for Gaussian measures in a Banach space,
Theory Probab. Appl. 58 2014, 2, 216–241].
Naturally, the problem of computing the expectation of such functionals, for example the Laplace transform,
is an important issue in such fields.
Some examples are considered, which, for particular Gaussian processes, can be related to option pricing.