bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Inducible clindamycin resistance in nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus among healthcare workers
Authors: Oberoi Loveena , Bidani Jenia , Malhotra Anuradha , Kaur Sidhu Shailpreet , Soneja Sapna 
Published: July 2020

Staphylococcus aureus () is recognized as one of the most common microrganisms causing nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus is becoming an increasing problem among healthcare workers and in the healthy community individuals. General populations with persistent Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage rates at 10% to 20%, and up to 50% are intermittent carriers. Furthermore, carrier levels of 25% have been reported among healthcare workers(HCW’s). Strains with inducible clindamycin resistance (ICR) are difficult to detect in the routine laboratory as they appear to be resistant to erythromycin and sensitive to clindamycin in vitro when not placed adjacent to each other. In such cases, in vivo treatment with clindamycin may select constitutive erm mutants leading to clinical therapeutic failure. 100 nasal swabs samples were collected during January 2019 to November 2019. Isolates were identified using standard microbioloical procedures and MRSA determined by the disk diffusion method. The D-test was performed for detection of Inducible clindamycin resistance isolates with Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines.: Out of 18 isolated, 33.3 were MRSA. Of 18 isolates tested for ICR by D-test, 6 (33.3%) yielded inducible resistance. Inducible clindamycin resistance was found to be significantly higher among MRSA than MSSA isolates. Beside personal hygiene practices of healthcare workers, regular implementation of infection control practices, including screening of nasal carriages and microbial flora in our hospital are necessary to prevent spread of MRSA. It is also advisable to perform routine nasal decolonization of healthcare workers using mupirocin ointment to prevent transmission of these organisms.
Occurrence of intestinal parasitic infestation in patients suffering from gastro-intestinal disturbance
Authors: Singh Sudhir , Yadav Sanil , Farooq Umar , R Sharma Shweta , Sharma Vasundhara 
Published: July 2020

Intestinal parasitic infections are the most common infection in the world, and are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality. It is estimated that 3.5 billion people are affected globally and 450 million are ill as a result of these infection, the majority being children. Potable water supplies in the rural and urban areas are responsible for the high rate of intestinal parasitic infection. These parasites dwell in the gastrointestinal tract in humans and other animals in urbanized countries, protozoan parasites commonly cause gastrointestinal infections. Occurrence of intestinal parasitic infestation in patients suffering from gastro-intestinal disturbance. To determine the frequency of intestinal parasitic infestation and to identify the most common intestinal parasites causing gastrointestinal disturbance on the basis of age and sex. Stool sample to be collected in a dry, clean, wide mouthed sterile screw capped labelled 50 ml capacity plastic containers, under standard techniques after proper history of the patients. The stool sample were examined for the presence of mucus, blood, color, consistency and any segment or adult worm. Out of 95 stool sample 31 sample were positive for intestinal parasites in which egg of (19) was most common among all followed by (6), (2), (1), (1) (1) & (1).The prevalence of 32.63% parasitic infection in this study shows that intestinal parasitic infections are still important public health problem in our region and are due to low standard of personal hygiene, poor technique of hand hygiene, non-usage of hygienic latrine, poor sanitation and an illiterate population. A multisectoral control approach of mass deworming programs and hygiene education to the student and parents is required to control parasitic infection.
Assets Evaluation and Analysis of Specific Approaches in Enterprise Mergers and Acquisitions
Authors: Feng Yuhao 
Published: July 2020

<p>There will be many asset appraisal problems and related professional issues involved in enterprises mergers and acquisitions. An asset appraisal method occupies an important position in the purpose of asset evaluation, and therefore a reasonable approach can ensure the assessment results to the greatest extent. This article mainly introduces and summarizes the evaluation approaches that are frequently used in mergers and reorganizations<sup>[1]</sup>.</p>
PROGRAMA DE AQUISIÇÃO DE ALIMENTOS E MUDANÇAS LOCAIS: PROCESSO DE TERRITORIALIZAÇÃO DO ASSENTAMENTO ABRIL VERMELHO - SANTA BÁRBARA/PA
Authors: Paulino Gessiane Da Silva , Ribeiro Nayara Viana , Souza Armando Lírio de 
Published: July 2020

Esta pesquisa objetivou identificar o processo de formação do Assentamento Abril Vermelho, com ressalva à sua capacidade produtiva, para um possível acesso ao Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA). A pesquisa baseou-se no método exploratório, com os seguintes instrumentos: pesquisa bibliográfica, coleta de dados em sites oficiais e pesquisa de campo. Quanto à territorialização deste assentamento, a sua localização na Região Metropolitana de Belém, leva a urgência de sua inserção na acumulação capitalista dessa metrópole, o que contribui à desestruturação de suas organizações socioeconômicas. Assim, há necessidade de fortalecimento dessas organizações, para apoio aos produtores na comercialização dos seus produtos, como possibilidade de excluir os atravessadores; além de garantir produção suficiente para o acesso ao PAA. Dessa forma, tal ação romperia a forma individual de comercialização, e, garantiria a possibilidade do acesso ao PAA, que são fatores positivos à territorialização deste assentamento, devido fortalecer a autonomia das famílias assentadas.
UMA ANÁLISE SOBRE O DESENVOLVIMENTO DO PRIMEIRO COMANDO CAPITAL A PARTIR DA EFETIVAÇÃO DO DIREITO PENAL DO INIMIGO NA REALIDADE DO CÁRCERE BRASILEIRO
Authors: Nunes Izadora Nogueira 
Published: July 2020

O presente trabalho tem objetivo de contribuir para um modelo de segurança pública mais garantista e racional, demonstrando as consequências que o punitivismo exacerbado e a flexibilização de direitos podem desencadear à segurança pública em geral. O advento da globalização foi ponto de partida para aplicação de um modelo de segurança baseado na perseguição do criminoso, como solução imediata para conter os novos meios de riscos surgidos a partir dessa nova era. Assim, foi possível identificar a aplicação de um Direito Penal não humano, o Direito penal do Inimig, teorizado por Gunther Jakobs, que autoriza essa atuação Estatal coercitiva e autoritária para com os que são estigmatizados como elementos de alta periculosidade, que ameaçam a ordem social. Tal teoria pode ser identificada tanto no momento do processo penal, que é constantemente flexibilizado para levar à condenação, assim como dentro dos estabelecimentos prisionais, justamente por serem os lugares onde esses sujeito são levados para pagar pelos crimes que cometeram. O estigma destinado ao encarcerado, portanto, faz com que a pena se torne uma verdadeira tortura em razão das constantes violências dentro das prisões além da estrutura precária que esses lugares apresentam. Tais condições foram fundamentais para um processo de auto-organização da população carcerária, impulsionada por um sentimento de injustiça e vingança, através de uma organização paralela que foi justamente o Primeiro Comando Capital. Portanto, a aplicação de uma estratégia de segurança pública extremamente punitivista teve efeito totalmente contrário ao que se objetivava, na medida em que a macrocriminalidade se espalhou por todo o país e hoje se apresenta altamente poderosa e articulada.
A importância do direito à água e ao saneamento para o combate à Covid-19 (Paper 468)
Authors: França Samara Avelino de Souza 
Published: July 2020

Objetivou-se analisar a importância da universalização do abastecimento de água para o enfretamento da COVID-19, no estado do Pará e suas Regiões de Integração (RI). Coletaram-se dados no “Painel Saneamento Brasil”, do Instituto Trata Brasil, e site da Secretaria de Saúde do Pará, no boletim de 20 de maio. Os indicadores foram: percentual da população com acesso à água potável encanada; percentual de perdas ao longo da distribuição; e o número de casos confirmados, óbitos e taxa de letalidade pela COVID-19 no Pará. Verificou-se que: (i) nove RI paraenses tiveram mais de 500 casos, com três delas e o Estado superando a taxa de letalidade da América do Sul; (ii) que dos municípios com informação em água, existe um baixíssimo percentual de atendimento total, com valores bem inferiores ao do Brasil; que o índice estadual de perdas é quase 20% superior ao do país; e (iii) que embora o direito à água e saneamento sejam importantes para combater a COVID-19, lavar as mãos nem sempre é possível, pois também depende da disponibilidade de água nos domicílios. Portanto, a garantia plena desses direitos é um desafio de assegurar saúde pública e, por conseguinte, do mínimo existencial para a vida. Palavras-Chave: Saneamento. COVID-19. Pará. Direitos Humanos.
Research on the Fine Cost Management of Port Engineering Project Based on BIM
Authors: Yin Jian , Zhou Huiyun , Yang Jing 
Published: July 2020

<p>With the development of economic globalization, the scale of international trade continues to expand. Ports are very important for cross regional transactions. However, the construction cost is also very high in the actual construction process because port engineering is a relatively large project. Cost management can effectively control the cost and improve the economic benefits of port engineering project construction. The traditional cost management model has been unable to meet the needs because the construction cost control is a dynamic process and runs through the whole process of the project. BIM information technology is a technology with engineering digital model as the core. Based on BIM, this article studies the refined cost management of port engineering project, and aims to provide some help for relevant practitioners.</p>
INFLUENCE OF LIBRARY ACTIVITIES ON STUDENTS’ READING DYNAMISM
Authors: Vakhnina I. A. , Engalycheva (Bulgakova) E. V. 
Published: July 2020

The article presents the results of research carried from 1997 up to 2018 on the basis of the scientific library of the Omsk State Technical University. A definite part of the research was done together with the Department of Library and Information Work of Dostoevsky Omsk State University: the comparative analysis of the meaning aspects of students reading (types and kinds of literature, genres and authors); reading dynamism; factors and motivations influencing the readers’ activity; regularity of visiting the library. Special role is devoted to correlation of reading books in electronic and traditional forms. Changes in authors’ preferences that depended on many factors (environment, information technologies, library activities, advertisement offers, etc.) are examined in detail due to the period under study. Social networks as a new factor influencing the junior reading are observed. An important place in the article is given to the practical activity of the scientific library of the Omsk State Technical University for to promote reading among students. The article presents an analysis of educational and leisure activities of the library, in which literary and artistic, creative, intellectual competitions and projects, library actions for students take place. Competition for the best reading group, literary artistic projects “Word modulations” and “Tints of colors”, students’ interuniversity literature society “Poetic studio” activities and others play an important role. The results of practical researches are visualized with the help of figures (diagrams, graphs) illustrating research data. This makes it possible to identify the factors of the library activity influence on reading dynamism in the period from 1997 up to 2018, correlate common and particular in artistic preferences, youth’ scientific interests and also aims of their visiting the library.
MINAT MASYARAKAT TERHADAP USAHA DELIVERY ORDER PRODUK PERTANIAN DI KOTA BANDA ACEH
Authors: Burrahmad Muji , Baihaqi Akhmad , Sariyanto Dimas , Iskandar1 Elvira 
Published: July 2020

One of the marketing strategies in the modern era that offers delivery order facility (delivery service), system implemented at the present time that can help overcome the problem of limited time to buy. This paper aims to identify the level of interest of Banda Aceh city community to the delivery order business of agricultural products, as well as factors related to the interest of the society, and also the most popular type of food agriculture product. This research was conducted in Banda Aceh city, with the object of research of Banda Aceh city society.. The results of this study indicate the interest of Banda Aceh city community to the business of order delivery of agricultural products in high interest category that is with score 30,26. Factors - factors that have a very strong and strong relationship with the interest of the community terahadap delivery business order of agricultural products that is the work, income and accuracy of delivery. Factors that have a weak relationship with the interest of the community to the delivery order of agricultural product is delivery time, distance, price, and information. The type of food that people in Banda Aceh are interested in is food processed products of 65%.
Institutionalized Data Quality Assessments: A Critical Pathway to Improving the Accuracy of Integrated Disease Surveillance Data in Sierra Leone
Authors: Njuguna Charles Kuria , Vandi Mohamed , Mugagga Malimbo , Kanu Joseph , Liyosi Evans , Chimbaru Alexander , Gachari Wilson , Caulker Victor , Sesay Stephen , Githuku Jane , Yoti Zabulon , Yahaya Ali Ahmed , Talisuna Ambrose , Fall Ibrahima Socé 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Public health agencies require valid, timely and complete health information for early detection of outbreaks. Towards the end of the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in 2015, the Ministry of Health and Sanitation (MoHS), Sierra Leone revitalized the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response System (IDSR). Data quality assessments were conducted to monitor accuracy of IDSR data. Methods Starting 2016, data quality assessments (DQA) were conducted in randomly selected health facilities. Structured electronic checklist was used to interview district health management teams (DHMT) and health facility staff. We used malaria data, to assess data accuracy as malaria was endemic in Sierra Leone. Verification factors (VF) calculated as the ratio of verified malaria cases in health facility registers to the number of malaria cases in the national health information database, were used to assess data accuracy. Allowing a 5% margin of error, VF <95% were considered over reporting while VF >105 was underreporting. Differences in the proportion of accurate reports at baseline and subsequent assessments were compared using Z-test for two proportions. Results Between 2016 -2018, four DQA were conducted in 444 health facilities where 1,729 IDSR reports were reviewed. Registers and IDSR technical guidelines were available in health facilities and health care workers were conversant with reporting requirements. Overall data accuracy improved from over- reporting of 4.7% (VF 95.3%) in 2016 to under-reporting of 0.2% (VF 100.2%) in 2018. Compared to 2016, proportion of accurate IDSR reports increased by 14.8 % (95% CI 7.2%, 22.3%) in May 2017 and 19.5% (95% CI 12.5% -26.5%) by 2018. Over reporting was more common in private clinics and not- for profit facilities while under-reporting was more common in lower level government health facilities. Leading reasons for data discrepancies included counting errors in 358 (80.6%) health facilities and missing source documents in 47 (10.6%) health facilities. Conclusion This is the first attempt to institutionalize routine monitoring of IDSR data quality in Sierra Leone. Regular data quality assessments may have contributed to improved data accuracy over time. Data compilation errors accounted for most discrepancies and should be minimized to improve accuracy of IDSR data.
Dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin, a novel nuclear factor-kB inhibitor, prevents the development of cyclosporine A nephrotoxicity in a rat model
Authors: Morita Shinya , Shinoda Kazunobu , Yoshida Tadashi , Shimoda Masayuki , Kanno Yoshihiko , Mizuno Ryuichi , Kono Hidaka , Asanuma Hiroshi , Nakagawa Ken , Umezawa Kazuo , Oya Mototsugu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Cyclosporine A (CsA) is an essential immunosuppressant in organ transplantation. However, its chronic nephrotoxicity is an obstacle to long allograft survival that has not been overcome. Nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) is activated in the renal tissue in CsA nephropathy. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of the specific NF-kB inhibitor, dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ), in a rat model of CsA nephrotoxicity. Methods: We administered CsA (15 mg/kg) daily for 28 days to Sprague-Dawley rats that underwent 5/6 nephrectomy under a low-salt diet. We administered DHMEQ (8 mg/kg) simultaneously with CsA to the treatment group, daily for 28 days and evaluated its effect on CsA nephrotoxicity. Results: DHMEQ significantly inhibited NF-kB activation and nuclear translocation due to CsA treatment. Elevated serum urea nitrogen and creatinine levels due to repeated CsA administration were significantly decreased by DHMEQ treatment (serum urea nitrogen in CsA + DHMEQ vs CsA vs control, 69 ± 6.4 vs 113.5 ± 8.8 vs 43.1 ± 1.1 mg/dL, respectively, p < 0.0001; serum creatinine in CsA + DHMEQ vs CsA vs control, 0.75 ± 0.02 vs 0.91 ± 0.02 vs 0.49 ± 0.02 mg/dL, respectively, p < 0.0001), and creatinine clearance was restored in the treatment group (CsA + DHMEQ vs CsA vs control, 2.57 ± 0.09 vs 1.94 ± 0.12 vs 4.61 ± 0.18 ml/min/kg, respectively, p < 0.0001). However, DHMEQ treatment did not alter the inhibitory effect of CsA on urinary protein secretion. The development of renal fibrosis due to chronic CsA nephrotoxicity was significantly inhibited by DHMEQ treatment (CsA + DHMEQ vs CsA vs control, 13.4 ± 7.1 vs 35.6 ± 18.4 vs 9.4 ± 5.4%, respectively, p < 0.0001), and these results reflected the results of renal functional assessment. DHMEQ treatment also had an inhibitory effect on the increased expression of chemokines, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and chemokine (c-c motif) ligand 5 due to repeated CsA administration, which inhibited the infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils into the renal tissue.Conclusions: These findings suggest that DHMEQ treatment in combination therapy with CsA-based immunosuppression is beneficial to prevent the development of CsA-induced nephrotoxicity.
Clinically compatible differentiation protocol for human pluripotent stem cell-derived dopaminergic progenitor cells
Authors: Doi Daisuke , Kikuchi Tetsuhiro , Morizane Asuka , Takahashi Jun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Cell replacement therapy with human pluripotent stem cells has the potential to be a new therapy for Parkinson’s disease (PD). This protocol induces human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to dopaminergic progenitor cells (DAPs) as clinically compatible donor cells in 30 days. The protocol includes starting with high density culture, cell sorting by using a cell surface marker for floor plate, and a maturation culture to form floating aggregates. The DAPs differentiated with this protocol were used in a pre-clinical tumorigenicity and efficacy study aiming for approval to start a clinical trial in Japan.
Gender difference in the association between cough severity and quality of life among patients with postinfectious cough
Authors: Liu Wei , Wu Qinqin , Mao Bing , Jiang Hongli 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Despite close link exists between cough severity and quality of life (QoL), whether gender difference is implied in the effect of cough on QoL has not been studied yet. This study primarily aims to investigate whether the association between cough severity and QoL is modified by gender in patients with postinfectious cough.Methods: Secondary analyses were performed in 180 participants with postinfectious cough in a multisite randomized controlled trial. Baseline demographics, clinical characteristics and score of cough specific quality of life questionnaire (CQLQ) were collected. Linear regression analyses were conducted to examine gender difference in CQLQ score and the association between cough severity and CQLQ score.Results: Difference between women and men was not significant in CQLQ total score in the unadjusted analysis (P = 0.077). Women had 2.20-point higher CQLQ total score than men (0.11 to 4.30, P = 0.039), after adjusting for age, cough duration, cough severity, and clinical center. Gender significantly modified the association between cough severity and CQLQ total score (coefficient 1.80, 95% confidence interval, 0.29 to 3.30; P = 0.020), after adjusting for age, cough duration, and study center. An increase of 1-point in cough severity was associated with a 2.55-point (1.16 to 3.95) increase in CQLQ total score in women versus a 1.26-point (0.20 to 2.31) increase in men (P = 0.020). Conclusions: Female sex may be associated with worse QoL than men, and women’s QoL may be more significantly impaired as cough symptom deteriorates. Gender difference should be taken into account in the clinical settings and research of cough and cough related QoL.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTRTRC12002297. Registered 19 June 2012, http://www.chictr.org.cn/abouten.aspx.