bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technical Note: Benchmarking automated eye tracking and human detection for motion monitoring in ocular proton therapy
Authors: Via Riccardo , Hennings Fabian , Fattori Giovanni , Pica Alessia , Lomax Antony , Weber Damien Charles , Baroni Guido , Hrbacek Jan 
Published: February 2020

PurposeOcular proton therapy is an effective therapeutic option for patients affected with uveal melanomas. An optical eye‐tracking system (ETS) aiming at noninvasive motion monitoring was developed and tested in a clinical scenario.Materials and methodsThe ETS estimates eye position and orientation at 25 frames per second using the three‐dimensional position of pupil and cornea curvature centers identified, in the treatment room, through stereoscopic optical imaging and infrared eye illumination. Its capabilities for automatic detection of eye motion were retrospectively evaluated on 60 treatment fractions. Then, the ETS performance was benchmarked against the clinical standard based on visual control and manual beam interruption.ResultsEye‐tracking system detected eye position successfully in 97% of all available frames. Eye‐tracking system‐based eye monitoring during therapy guarantees quicker response to involuntary eye motions than manual beam interruptions and avoids unnecessary beam interruptions.ConclusionsEye‐tracking system shows promise for on‐line monitoring of eye motion. Its introduction in the clinical workflow will guarantee a swifter treatment course for the patient and the clinical personnel.
Semiconductor Quantum Dots as Components of Photoactive Supramolecular Architectures
Authors: La Rosa Marcello , Payne Emily H. , Credi Alberto 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLuminescent quantum dots (QDs) are colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals consisting of an inorganic core covered by a molecular layer of organic surfactants. Although QDs have been known for more than thirty years, they are still attracting the interest of researchers because of their unique size‐tunable optical and electrical properties arising from quantum confinement. Moreover, the controlled decoration of the QD surface with suitable molecular species enables the rational design of inorganic‐organic multicomponent architectures that can show a vast array of functionalities. This minireview highlights the recent progress in the use of surface‐modified QDs – in particular, those based on cadmium chalcogenides – as supramolecular platforms for light‐related applications such as optical sensing, triplet photosensitization, photocatalysis and phototherapy.
The role of prenatal diagnosis following preimplantation genetic testing for single‐gene conditions: A historical overview of evolving technologies and clinical practice
Authors: Hardy Tristan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPreimplantation genetic testing for monogenic conditions (PGT‐M) has become a valued reproductive option for couples at risk of having a child with a single gene condition. In line with developments in molecular genetics, there has been an overall trend toward laboratory techniques with higher accuracy in comparison to earlier PGT‐M techniques. The recommendation for confirmatory prenatal diagnostic testing has remained a standard component of PGT‐M counseling, reflecting the inherent difficulties of testing the limited number of cells obtained from embryo biopsy, as well as recognition of the biological and human factors that may lead to misdiagnosis in a PGT‐M cycle. Reported misdiagnosis rates are less than 1 in 200 pregnancies following PGT‐M, although updated data regarding newer methods of PGT‐M are required. There is limited evidence available regarding clinician and patient behavior in pregnancies resulting from PGT‐M cycles. It remains essential that clinicians involved in the care of patients undergoing PGT‐M provide appropriate counseling regarding the risks of misdiagnosis and the importance of confirmatory prenatal diagnosis. The nature of PGT‐M test design lends itself to cell‐free DNA‐based noninvasive prenatal testing for monogenic conditions (NIPT‐M), which is likely to become a popular method in the near future.
Memory lapses in daily life among breast cancer survivors and women without cancer history
Authors: Scott Stacey B. , Mogle Jacqueline A. , Sliwinski Martin J. , Jim Heather S. L. , Small Brent J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveCancer‐associated cognitive decline is a concern among cancer survivors. Survivors' memory lapses (eg, location of keys, names, and reason entered room) may negatively impact quality of life. This study used smartphone‐based surveys to compare cancer survivors to those without cancer history on frequency of, severity of, and affective response to daily memory lapses.MethodsFor 14 evenings, breast cancer survivors (N = 47, M age = 52.9) and women without a cancer history (N = 105, M age = 51.8) completed smartphone‐based surveys on memory lapse occurrence and severity and negative and positive affect.ResultsSurvivors were nearly three times more likely to report a daily memory lapse but did not differ from comparison group on memory lapse severity. Negative affect was significantly higher on days with memory lapses associated with doing something in the future (eg, appointments) but this did not differ across groups. Positive affect was not significantly related to survivorship status or the occurrence of daily memory lapses.ConclusionSurvivors may be at‐risk for more frequent memory lapses. Both survivors and women without a history of cancer reported greater negative affect on days when memory lapses occurred, suggesting that daily cognitive functioning may have important implications for quality of life.
Nuclear quantum and H/D isotope effects on three‐centered bonding diborane: Path integral molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Daengngern Rathawat , Kobayashi Osamu , Kungwan Nawee , Ngaojampa Chanisorn , Tachikawa Masanori 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNuclear quantum and H/D isotope effects of bridging and terminal hydrogen atoms of diborane (B2H6) molecules were systematically studied by classical ab initio molecular dynamics (CLMD) and ab initio path integral molecular dynamics (PIMD) simulations with BHandHLYP/6‐31++G** level of theory at room temperature (298.15 K). Calculated results clearly show that H/D isotope effect appears in the distribution of hydrogen (deuterium) of B2H6 (B2D6). Geometry of B2H6 also plays a significant role in the nuclear quantum effect proved by PIMD simulations, but slightly deviated from its equilibrium structure when simulated via CLMD simulation. The bond lengths between boron atoms R (B1 … B2) and the bridging hydrogen atoms RHH (HB1 … HB2) of the B2H6 molecule obtained from PIMD simulations are slightly longer than those of the deuterated form of the diborane (B2D6) molecule. The principal component analysis (PCA) was also employed to distinguish the important modes of bridging hydrogen as related to the nuclear quantum and H/D isotope effects. The highest level of contribution obtained from PCA of PIMD simulations is bending, while various mixed vibrations with less contribution were also found. Therefore, the nuclear quantum and H/D isotope effects need to be taken into account for a better understanding of diborane geometry.
A multi‐targeted treatment approach to cancer cachexia: Auckland's Cancer Cachexia evaluating Resistance Training (ACCeRT) trial
Authors: Rogers Elaine S. , Sasidharan Rita , Sequeira Graeme M. , Wood Matthew R. , Bird Stephen P. , Keogh Justin W.L. , Arroll Bruce , Stewart Joanna , MacLeod Roderick D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundCancer cachexia is a condition often seen at diagnosis, throughout anti‐cancer treatments and in end‐stage non‐small‐cell lung cancer patients.Methods and resultsParticipants with late‐stage non‐small‐cell lung cancer and cachexia (defined as ≥5% weight loss within 12 months) were randomly assigned 1:2 to 2.09 g of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 300 mg of cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 inhibitor celecoxib orally once daily vs. same dosing of EPA, celecoxib, plus two sessions per week of progressive resistance training and 20 g of oral essential amino acids high in leucine in a split dose over 3 days, after each session. Primary endpoint was the acceptability of the earlier multi‐targeted approach. Main secondary endpoints included change in body weight and fat‐free mass, by bioelectric impedance analysis and total quadriceps muscle volume by magnetic resonance imaging over 20 weeks. Sixty‐nine patients were screened resulting in 20 patients being enrolled. Acceptability scored high, with 4.5/5 (Arm A) and 5/5 (Arm B) for EPA and 5/5 for celecoxib within both arms and 4.8/5 for progressive resistance training sessions and 4.5/5 for essential amino acids within Arm B, all at Week 20. Results showed a net gain in bioelectric impedance analysis fat‐free mass of +1.3 kg, n = 2 (Arm A), compared with +0.7 kg, n = 7 (Arm B) at Week 12, and —1.5 kg, n = 2 (Arm A), compared with —1.7 kg, n = 4 (Arm B) at Week 20. Trends in efficacy in terms of improvement and/or stability in cachexia markers were seen within magnetic resonance imaging muscle volume, albumin, and C‐reactive protein levels within both arms. There were no exercise‐related adverse events, with one possible related adverse event of asymptomatic atrial fibrillation in one participant within Arm A.ConclusionsNon‐small‐cell lung cancer cachectic patients are willing to be enrolled onto a multi‐targeted treatment regimen and may benefit from cachexia symptom management even during the late/refractory stage.
Growth hormone secretagogues: history, mechanism of action, and clinical development
Authors: Ishida Junichi , Saitoh Masakazu , Ebner Nicole , Springer Jochen , Anker Stefan D. , von Haehling Stephan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGrowth hormone secretagogues (GHSs) are a generic term to describe compounds that increase growth hormone (GH) release. GHSs include agonists of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS‐R), whose natural ligand is ghrelin, and agonists of the growth hormone‐releasing hormone (GHRH) receptor, to which the GHRH binds as a native ligand. Several GHSs have been developed with a view to treating or diagnosing of GH deficiency, which causes growth retardation, gastrointestinal dysfunction, and altered body composition, in parallel with extensive research to identify GHRH, GHS‐R, and ghrelin. This review will focus on the research history and the pharmacology of each GHS, which reached randomized clinical trials. Furthermore, we will highlight the publicly disclosed clinical trials regarding GHSs.
Fertilizer timing affects nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, and ammonia emissions from soil
Authors: Thies Samuel , Joshi Deepak R. , Bruggeman Stephanie A. , Clay Sharon A. , Mishra Umakant , Morile‐Miller Janet , Clay David E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe impact of interactions between management and climate on nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and ammonia (NH3) emissions are not well understood. This study quantified the effect of urea fertilizer application timing on inorganic N movement, immobilization, and the gaseous emissions of N2O‐N, CO2‐C, and NH3‐N. Urea was applied once, at two rates (0 and 224 kg ha−1) on six dates (early fall, 20 Sept. 2017; mid‐fall, 11 Oct. 2017; early winter, 1 Nov. 2017; early spring, 1 May 2018; mid‐spring, 22 May 2018; and early summer, 12 June 2018). Gaseous emissions, soil temperature, and soil moisture were measured every 4 h for 21 consecutive days following urea application. Changes in soil inorganic N contents were used to determine the amount of inorganic N remaining in the soil, nitrification, immobilization/fixation, and leaching. For all fertilizer application dates, the cumulative fertilizer derived N2O‐N emissions for the 21 days following application were <0.05% of the applied N. Fertilizer‐derived N2O‐N emission rates were higher than N2O‐N emission rates in the unfertilized soil in early fall and early summer. Even though the highest net N2O‐N emissions occurred in early spring, the application of fertilizer did not increase emissions. The highest net N2O‐N + NH3‐N emissions occurred in cool soils (early spring) in soils with water filled pore space (>60%). These findings indicate that intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC) default value of 1% of applied N for N2O emissions improved by considering the fertilizer application date.
Biomass crops as a soil amendment in cultivated histosols: Can we reach carbon equilibrium?
Authors: Dessureault‐Rompré Jacynthe , Libbrecht Christophe , Caron Jean 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPeatlands are known to perform essential economical, societal and regulating functions. Once they are drained to provide optimal crop growth conditions, however, a series of degradation processes is generated. Wind and water erosion, subsidence and soil organic matter oxidation are the main causes of degradation observed in cultivated histosols. This study evaluated the decomposition dynamics and chemical changes of three biomass crops during an in‐situ incubation in a cultivated histosol. The decomposition dynamics characterized in the field study were then used in a simulation to determine if sustainability could be reached by using biomass crops as a soil amendment. The results showed that an exponential decay fitting curve best represented the weight loss of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in the in‐situ bags over time, while a logistic fitting curve best represented that of miscanthus (Miscanthus X giganteus) and willow (Salix miyabeana). The quality of the crop determined the initial and overall decomposition dynamics observed. The loss of carbon from the crushed biomass crop was much more important in sorghum than in miscanthus and willow. The long‐term simulation of histosol amendment revealed that using miscanthus and willow at input rates of 7.5 and 10 T of carbon per year, respectively, would be sufficient to ensure sustainability. Improving knowledge on carbon loss in cultivated histosols as related to soil and crop management would help in developing a soil amendment program at the farm scale. In addition, more knowledge is needed to determine the impact of long‐term and successive amendment with biomass crops on the physical and biochemical properties of histosols.
Influence of Titanium Species on the Ordered Mesoporous Structure of V‐Zr Catalysts for Naphthalene Oxidation with Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Liu Chuanfa , Zhou Zhiwei , Qin Juan , Li Fanqing , Yu Chaojie , Liu Guang , Huang Hao , Wu Wenliang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe characterization of XRD, N2 sorption, Raman, Py‐IR, O2‐TPD, NH3‐TPD, SEM‐EDX and TEM were utilized to investigate the influence of titanium species on the ordered mesoporous structure of V‐doped titanium and zirconium composite metal oxides (VTZ) catalysts prepared by EISA method. The characterization results showed that the introduction of titanium species would increase the catalyst crystallization temperature resulting in pure t‐ZrO2 phase formation with uniform distribution for all elements and more oxygen vacancies owing to the inhibition of its crystal transformation, which would be beneficial to the promotion of specific surface area and stronger Brønsted acidity. The catalytic performance in the liquid‐phase oxidation of naphthalene with hydrogen peroxide was also studied. The 12V15TZ‐550 catalyst with the molar ratio of vanadium and titanium species to the total titanium and zirconium species of 12 and 15%, respectively, calcined at 550 °C showed higher catalytic performance than other catalysts, where the naphthalene conversion of 17.3% and the 1,4‐naphthoquinone selectivity of 71.0% can be obtained. The catalytic stability would be kept well after repeated use for 5 times.
Security of Internet of Things edge devices
Authors: Lv Zhihan 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe purpose of the study is to meet the more needs of the future social development for the Internet of things (IoT) and make IoT better provide more convenience for people and reduce the risk of data leakage in the IoT system. Starting with the IoT edge devices, the centralized and distributed hit rate and average corresponding speed of the edge nodes are studied. Meanwhile, the gateway security of the edge devices designed is discussed to obtain a more reliable gateway. The research results show that the Max‐PSN cache algorithm proposed in this article is superior to the other two algorithms in terms of hit rate and average response speed of centralized and distributed fog systems, which shows the effectiveness of the cache algorithm. The gateway designed shows good randomness through frequency detection and poker detection, which can effectively resist attacks, thus ensuring the security of the gateway. Therefore, the research on the security of the IoT edge devices plays a positive role in reducing the risk of data leakage and the wide application of the IoT system.
Thick slab punching with symmetry reductions
Authors: Bocklenberg Lennart , Mark Peter 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe contribution presents a test series of four geometrically similar specimens of different size designed to investigate the punching behavior of thick reinforced concrete slabs. The thickness ranges from 300 to 650 mm and the slab radius varies between 1.12 and 2.45 m. For experimental execution, an innovative test method is employed and updated towards thick slabs. It uses the symmetry of specimens and reduces them corresponding to the symmetry grade to quarters. By applying this method, geometrical dimensions and associated test loads are reduced by 75%. The tests demonstrate on the one hand that the updated method is suitable for punching tests of thick specimens. And, on the other hand, the results indicate a less pronounced size effect for multilayered, highly reinforced slabs than predicted in theory.
Density Estimation of Unmarked Populations Using Camera Traps in Heterogeneous Space
Authors: Luo Gai , Wei Weideng , Dai Qiang , Ran Jianghong 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTCamera traps are commonly used to monitor animal populations, but statistical estimators of density from camera‐trap data for species that cannot be individually identified are still in development, and few models take space use into account. We present a model to estimate the density of unmarked populations, which considers species’ space use. The model assumes that animal movements depend on space use probability. Using a hypothetical animal population, we carried out a set of computer simulations on individual movements and camera‐trap monitoring to estimate population density with sampling data. Our results demonstrated that the model performed well, and highlighted the importance of adding space use information into density estimation approaches. We also tested the effect of multiple variables (i.e., day range, no. of camera traps, time span of monitoring duration) on density estimates. Increasing the number of camera traps and monitoring duration may reduce the variance of density estimate. Precision of density estimates increased when the species’ day range increased. Subject to accurate measurement of model parameters, this method provides a potential approach to estimate unmarked population density using camera‐trap data. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Core Values and Value Conflicts in Cybersecurity: Beyond Privacy Versus Security
Authors: van de Poel Ibo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis chapter analyses some of the main values, and values conflicts, in relation to cybersecurity by distinguishing four important value clusters that should be considered when deciding on cybersecurity measures. These clusters are security, privacy, fairness and accountability. Each cluster consists of a range of further values, which can be viewed as articulating specific moral reasons relevant when devising cybersecurity measures. In addition to the four value clusters, domain-specific values that are served by computer systems, such as health, are important. Following a detailed discussion of the four relevant value clusters, potential value conflicts and value tensions are considered. The relationships of five pairs of values (privacy-security, privacy-fairness, privacy-accountability, security-accountability and security-fairness) are analysed in terms of whether they are largely supportive or conflicting. In addition, possible methods for addressing these potential value conflicts are discussed. It is concluded that values, and value conflicts, in cybersecurity should be considered in context, also taking into account the specific computer systems at play, to enable the use of nuanced and fine-grained methods for addressing the relevant value conflicts.
Hadron-in-jet production at partonic threshold
Authors: Kaufmann Tom , Liu Xiaohui , Mukherjee Asmita , Ringer Felix , Vogelsang Werner 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We consider the longitudinal momentum distribution of hadrons inside jets in proton-proton collisions. At partonic threshold large double logarithmic corrections arise which need to be resummed to all orders. We develop a factorization formalism within SCET that allows for the joint resummation of threshold and jet radius logarithms. We achieve next-to-leading logarithmic NLL′ accuracy by including non-global logarithms in the leading-color approximation. Overall, we find that the threshold resummation leads to a sizable enhancement of the cross section and a reduced QCD scale dependence, suggesting that the all-order resummation can be important for the reliable extraction of fragmentation functions in global analyses when jet substructure data is included.
Universal black holes
Authors: Hervik Sigbjørn , Ortaggio Marcello 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We prove that a generalized Schwarzschild-like ansatz can be consistently employed to construct d-dimensional static vacuum black hole solutions in any metric theory of gravity for which the Lagrangian is a scalar invariant constructed from the Riemann tensor and its covariant derivatives of arbitrary order. Namely, we show that, apart from containing two arbitrary functions a(r) and f (r) (essentially, the gtt and grr components), in any such theory the line-element may admit as a base space any isotropy-irreducible homogeneous space. Technically, this ensures that the field equations generically reduce to two ODEs for a(r) and f (r), and dramatically enlarges the space of black hole solutions and permitted horizon geometries for the considered theories. We then exemplify our results in concrete contexts by constructing solutions in particular theories such as Gauss-Bonnet, quadratic, F(R) and F(Lovelock) gravity, and certain conformal gravities.