bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Removal capability of 4-Nonylphenol using new nano-adsorbents produced in sand filters of water treatment plants
Authors: Safari Mastaneh , Mehrdadi Nasser , Baghdadi Majid , Nabi Bidhendi Gholamreza 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Sand filters are a physical treatment unit in water treatment plants that have considerable potential for removing large suspended matter. However, these filters are somewhat inefficient in removing micro-pollutants. In this study, using waste leachate, carbon nanoparticles were coated on the silica particles to increase the surface adsorption capacity on silica substrates of rapid sand filters. The surface properties of nano-adsorbents produced by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and EDS test were investigated. Furthermore, the adsorption capacity of 4-Nonylphenol was examined using a new nanocomposite under different operational conditions (contact time, temperature and initial concentration) and after obtaining pHzpc, the effect of pH, total dissolved solids (TDS) and total organic carbon (TOC) on the efficacy of 4-Nonylphenol removal was tested. The adsorption isotherms in three temperature amounts of 15, 25, and 50 °C were also studied and Langmuir isotherm well fit the experimental data. To evaluate the thermal effect on the adsorption process, the thermodynamic study was also conducted. The results demonstrated that this reaction is spontaneous, endothermic and thermodynamically desirable. The experimental data also showed that the new engineered material is a good reusable adsorbent in water treatment.
Quantum speedups of some general-purpose numerical optimisation algorithms
Authors: Alexandru Cezar-Mihail , Bridgett-Tomkinson Ella , Linden Noah , MacManus Joseph , Montanaro Ashley , Morris Hannah 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We give quantum speedups of several general-purpose numerical optimisation methods for minimising a function

f
:

R

n

→
R

. First, we show that many techniques for global optimisation under a Lipschitz constraint can be accelerated near-quadratically. Second, we show that backtracking line search, an ingredient in quasi-Newton optimisation algorithms, can be accelerated up to quadratically. Third, we show that a component of the Nelder–Mead algorithm can be accelerated by up to a multiplicative factor of

O

(

n

)

. Fourth, we show that a quantum gradient computation algorithm of Gilyén et al can be used to approximately compute gradients in the framework of stochastic gradient descent. In each case, our results are based on applying existing quantum algorithms to accelerate specific components of the classical algorithms, rather than developing new quantum techniques.
Solitary waves on falling liquid films in the low Reynolds number regime
Authors: Williams Hollis 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We study the problem of a thin liquid film falling down an inclined slope. We use a simplified model to study the evolution and morphology of the solitary waves on a thin film with a periodic forcing at the inlet. In recent work by Denner et al (2016 Phys. Rev. E 93, 033121), the regime for high Re was studied and results obtained on the geometry and dispersion of the waves. We wish to establish whether similar results are observed in a regime of smaller Re and examine quantities which can be compared with experiment, such as the maximum and minimum film height as a function of a rescaled Reynolds number which accounts for the inclination of the substrate. Our results show some evidence that h
min collapses onto a single curve when plotted as a function of Re*, and approaches the absolute value of h
min/h

N
= 0.375 in agreement with results obtained at higher Re. We also obtain a curve for d/λ which can be compared with the results reported in (Denner et al 2016 Phys. Rev. E 93, 033121).
Reflective and Non-reflective Aesthetic Ideas in Kant’s Theory of Art
Authors: Kuplen Mojca 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to resolve some of the inconsistencies within Kant’s theory of aesthetic ideas that have been left unaddressed by previous interpretations. Specifically, Kant’s text appears to be imbued with the following two tensions. First, there appears to be a conflict between his commitment to the view that mere sensations cannot function as vehicles for the communication of aesthetic ideas and his claim that musical tones, on account of being mere sensations, can express aesthetic ideas. Second, his description of musical form as consisting of a play of aesthetic ideas that leave behind no thoughts appears to be incongruous with his formulation of aesthetic ideas as free imaginative representations that contain a wealth of thoughts and meanings. If what it means to express aesthetic ideas is precisely to stimulate much thinking, then how can an object exist that expresses aesthetic ideas, but without leaving any thoughts behind? I attempt to resolve these two perceived tensions by proposing a distinction between reflective and non-reflective aesthetic ideas communicated by form and mere sensations respectively.
Vocabula Amatoria: A Glossary of French Culinary Sex Terms
Authors: Cleves Rachel Hope 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
John Stephen Farmer’s Vocabula Amatoria, published in 1896, is a French-English erotic dictionary that is a gold mine of popular sexual discourse. Farmer, editor of a seven-volume dictionary of English slang, based Vocabula Amatoria on three French erotic dictionaries published between 1861 and 1869 by Auguste Scheler, Alfred Delvau, and Jules Choux. The first of the three drew on literary sources, but Delvau’s and Choux’s dictionaries incorporated vernacular that they encountered in Paris’s cafés, cabarets, theaters, and brothels. Farmer’s translations also integrated English slang from the late nineteenth century that he either had collected for his dictionaries or had learned through his work as a journalist and editor living on the margins of respectability. Many of the French sexual idioms collected in Vocabula Amatoria incorporate food metaphors—for example, likening the penis to root vegetables, or the vagina to cooking tools. The English idioms are less food focused. Farmer’s dictionary is a valuable source for understanding the differences between French and English popular attitudes toward food and sex in the late nineteenth century.
Acalculia in Aphasia
Authors: Gonzalez Rafael , Rojas Macarena , Rosselli Mónica , Ardila Alfredo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients with aphasia can present a type of acalculia referred to as aphasic acalculia.AimsTo investigate the correlation and to test regression models for one- and two-digit calculation skills using verbal and nonverbal predictors.Methods and ProceduresWe selected an aphasia sample of 119 men and 81 women with a mean age of 57.37 years (SD = 15.56) and an average level of education of 13.52 years (SD = 4.08). Spanish versions of the Western Aphasia Battery and Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination, plus a Written Calculation test, were individually administered. The calculation section of the Western Aphasia Battery and the Written Calculation tests were used to pinpoint calculation difficulties.Outcomes and ResultsCalculation difficulties were more severe in Global and Mixed non-fluent aphasia; they were very similar in Broca, Conduction, and Amnesic Aphasia. All correlations between the two calculation subtests and the other subtests of the Western Aphasia Battery were statistically significant. Calculation subtests correlated negatively with age and positively with schooling. Sex and time post-onset did not show any correlation with the calculation scores. Education, Reading, Block Design, and Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices were significant predictors of Western Aphasia Battery Calculation. Writing was the only significant predictor of the Written Calculation scores.ConclusionsNonverbal abilities were predictors of calculation tests, whereas agraphia defects were predictors of the Written Calculation test. Therefore, calculation abilities can be regarded both as written language-dependent and verbal language-independent.
Analysis, identification and visualization of subgroups in genomics
Authors: Völkel Gunnar , Laban Simon , Fürstberger Axel , Kühlwein Silke D , Ikonomi Nensi , Hoffmann Thomas K , Brunner Cornelia , Neuberg Donna S , Gaidzik Verena , Döhner Hartmut , Kraus Johann M , Kestler Hans A 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMotivationCancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease involving multiple somatic mutations that accumulate during its progression. In the past years, the wide availability of genomic data from patients’ samples opened new perspectives in the analysis of gene mutations and alterations. Hence, visualizing and further identifying genes mutated in massive sets of patients are nowadays a critical task that sheds light on more personalized intervention approaches.ResultsHere, we extensively review existing tools for visualization and analysis of alteration data. We compare different approaches to study mutual exclusivity and sample coverage in large-scale omics data. We complement our review with the standalone software AVAtar (‘analysis and visualization of alteration data’) that integrates diverse aspects known from different tools into a comprehensive platform. AVAtar supplements customizable alteration plots by a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm for subset identification and provides an innovative and user-friendly interface for the evaluation of concurrent solutions. A use case from personalized medicine demonstrates its unique features showing an application on vaccination target selection.AvailabilityAVAtar is available at: https://github.com/sysbio-bioinf/avatarContacthans.kestler@uni-ulm.de, phone: +49 (0) 731 500 24 500, fax: +49 (0) 731 500 24 502
aPRBind: protein–RNA interface prediction by combining sequence and I-TASSER model-based structural features learned with convolutional neural networks
Authors: Liu Yang , Gong Weikang , Zhao Yanpeng , Deng Xueqing , Zhang Shan , Li Chunhua 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMotivationProtein–RNA interactions play a critical role in various biological processes. The accurate prediction of RNA-binding residues in proteins has been one of the most challenging and intriguing problems in the field of computational biology. The existing methods still have a relatively low accuracy especially for the sequence-based ab-initio methods.ResultsIn this work, we propose an approach aPRBind, a convolutional neural network-based ab-initio method for RNA-binding residue prediction. aPRBind is trained with sequence features and structural ones (particularly including residue dynamics information and residue–nucleotide propensity developed by us) that are extracted from the predicted structures by I-TASSER. The analysis of feature contributions indicates the sequence features are most important, followed by dynamics information, and the sequence and structural features are complementary in binding site prediction. The performance comparison of our method with other peer ones on benchmark dataset shows that aPRBind outperforms some state-of-the-art ab-initio methods. Additionally, aPRBind can give a better prediction for the modeled structures with TM-score≥0.5, and meanwhile since the structural features are not very sensitive to the refined 3D structures, aPRBind has only a marginal dependence on the accuracy of the structure model, which allows aPRBind to be applied to the RNA-binding site prediction for the modeled or unbound structures.Availability and implementationThe source code is available at https://github.com/ChunhuaLiLab/aPRbind.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
How to Handle Concomitant Asymptomatic Prosthetic Joints During an Episode of Hematogenous Periprosthetic Joint Infection, a Multicenter Analysis
Authors: Wouthuyzen-Bakker Marjan , Sebillotte Marine , Arvieux Cédric , Fernandez-Sampedro Marta , Senneville Eric , Barbero José Maria , Lora-Tamayo Jaime , Aboltins Craig , Trebse Rihard , Salles Mauro José , Kramer Tobias Siegfried , Ferrari Matteo , Garcia-Cañete Joaquín , Benito Natividad , Diaz-Brito Vicens , del Toro Maria Dolores , Scarborough Matthew , Soriano Alex 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Prosthetic joints are at risk of becoming infected during an episode of bacteremia, especially during Staphylocococcus aureus bacteremia. However, it is unclear how often asymptomatic periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) occurs, and whether additional diagnostics should be considered.

Methods
In this multicenter study, we retrospectively analyzed a cohort of patients with a late acute (hematogenous) PJI between 2005–2015 who had concomitant prosthetic joints in situ. Patients without at least 1 year of follow-up were excluded.

Results
We included 91 patients with a hematogenous PJI and 108 concomitant prosthetic joints. The incident PJI was most frequently caused by Staphylococcus aureus (43%), followed by streptococci (26%) and Gram-negative rods (18%). Of 108 concomitant prosthetic joints, 13 were symptomatic, of which 10 were subsequently diagnosed as a second PJI. Of the 95 asymptomatic prosthetic joints, 1 PJI developed during the follow-up period and was classified as a “missed” PJI at the time of bacteremia with S. aureus (1.1%). Infected prosthetic joints were younger than the noninfected ones in 67% of cases, and prosthetic knees were affected more often than prosthetic hips (78%).

Conclusions
During an episode of hematogenous PJI, concomitant asymptomatic prosthetic joints have a very low risk of being infected, and additional diagnostic work-up for these joints is not necessary.
Dispersion Patterns and Sample Size Estimates for Egg Masses of Spotted Lanternfly (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae)
Authors: Keller J , Rost J , Hoover K , Urban J , Leach H , Porras M , Walsh B , Bosold M , Calvin D 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (White), is a new invasive pest in the United States. To quantify spotted lanternfly population abundance, one must understand this pest’s dispersion pattern, that is, the spatial arrangement of individuals within a population. Spotted lanternflies overwinter in egg masses from late fall to May, making this life stage suitable for population assessments. We measured the dispersion pattern of egg masses at two types of sites: a suburban housing development, where we used individual trees as the sampling unit, and rural woodlots, where we used individual trees and also plots with 5.64 m radius as sampling units. Plots were the same size as those recommended for monitoring the gypsy moth, a well-studied pest with similar egg laying habit to the spotted lanternfly. Egg masses in both sampling units were counted up to a height of 3 m. With trees as the sampling unit, egg masses were aggregated in 12 of 20 rural sampling universes, randomly dispersed at 6, and completely absent at 2. Similar patterns were seen when using the 5.64-m radius rural sampling units and for suburban sampling universes. We calculated sample size requirements for a range of mean densities at a precision of 25 and 30%. Additionally, the vertical distribution of egg masses was characterized on the invasive tree of heaven [Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle], a preferred host for spotted lanternflies. For small trees, there was a positive relationship between number of egg masses in the bottom 3 m of the tree and the total count.
The role of motivational and legal contexts in understanding support for tissue donation across 27 European countries
Authors: Nguyen Nga TQ , Maxwell Alexander P , Donnelly Michael , O’Neill Ciaran 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
There is a mismatch between attitudinal support for tissue donation and its translation into behavioural action (i.e. become registered donor). The legal and motivational context around tissue donation may contribute to better understanding of this mismatch.

Methods
Data were extracted from the Eurobarometer 82.2 survey (2014). Data included socio-demographic characteristics, motivations underlying attitudes to tissue donation and the legal context within which donation was considered (opt-in and opt-out consent). The sample was partitioned based on contextual information and seemingly unrelated bivariate probit regressions were used to explore the relationship between passive and active support for tissue donation.

Results
Approximately 56% of 25 879 respondents stated a willingness to donate tissue after death (passive support) and 9.1% reported that they were a registered donor (active support). We found evidence of unobserved heterogeneity between active and passive support across contexts. Our findings suggest that contexts in which altruistic motives can be supported by self-interest may increase the probability of converting passive to active support. Factors associated with increased support for tissue donation included: higher levels of education; good knowledge of the healthcare system; confidence in the safety of tissue donation; readiness to be a tissue recipient and knowing a recipient of donated tissue.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate the value of examining active and passive support for tissue donation together within specific contexts. This more nuanced approach affords clearer insights that may help to guide policy makers confronted with apparently conflicting evidence around strategies intended to promote organ and tissue donation.
Declared funding and authorship by alcohol industry actors in the scientific literature: a bibliometric study
Authors: Golder Su , Garry Jack , McCambridge Jim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol industry actors are known to be involved in scientific research. Despite concerns regarding bias, the extent of involvement and coverage of this research are unknown.MethodsWe aimed to investigate the extent and type of scientific research 1918–2019 which was supported by the alcohol industry, including alcohol companies themselves and other organizations, such as trade associations. We identified bibliographic records from the Web of Science suite of databases which have named alcohol companies or organizations in the fields relating to author affiliations and support declarations. We then ascertained trends in publications over time, type of support, funding, outlets (such as journal titles), subject areas covered (such as health) and named companies (such as Carlsberg) and organizations (such as Drinkaware).ResultsThe analysis included 13 481 unique records, 11 014 (82%) were authored or funded by alcohol companies and 2488 (18%) were authored or funded by other organizations. The majority of the records (90%, 12 157/13 481) were journal publications. The most common subject areas covered by the publications were biology (5415/13 481, 40%), chemistry (3937/13 481, 29%) and health (3707/13 481, 27%). In line with general publishing trends, there has been an overall increase in research funded or supported by alcohol companies and organizations since records began. The main exception is the steady decline in company author affiliations, particularly in health-related topics since the mid-1990s.ConclusionsAlcohol companies and related organizations are extensively involved in or supporting scientific research according to data in Web of Science. This does not, however, necessarily reflect the totality of scientific research produced by alcohol companies and related organizations.
Examining gender differentials in the association of low control work with cognitive performance in older workers
Authors: Ford Katherine J , Batty G David , Leist Anja K 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Limited workplace control, an important dimension of job strain, can reduce occupational opportunities for problem solving and learning. Women may have fewer professional resources to mitigate effects of low control, while conversely, gender-role norms may moderate the influence of occupational psychosocial risk factors. We therefore examined whether the links between control and cognitive function were similarly gendered.

Methods
This observational, longitudinal study included respondents of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe who were aged 50–64 years at entry, employed and provided at least two measurements of control and cognition (n = 6697). Relationships between control and cognition, quantified with standardized scores from verbal fluency, immediate and delayed word recall tests, were explored using linear fixed-effect and random-effect models with gender interactions.

Results
Consistent trends of improved verbal fluency performance with high control were evident across analyses, equal to producing around three-quarters of a word more under high control conditions, with an effect size ∼0.1 SD units (fully adjusted models, range 0.077–0.104 SD), although associations with recall tests were inconsistent. We did not find evidence of clear gender differences in control–cognition relationships for any of the cognitive domains.

Conclusions
The cognitive health of older European workers may benefit from improved workplace control irrespective of gender. Possible sources of bias that could explain the lack of gender differences are discussed, particularly gender differences in labour force participation, response behaviour in job control ratings and implications of gender-role norms on the importance of occupational risk factors.
Association of Mitochondrial Function, Substrate Utilization, and Anaerobic Metabolism With Age-Related Perceived Fatigability
Authors: Liu Fangyu , Wanigatunga Amal A , Zampino Marta , Knuth Nicolas D , Simonsick Eleanor M , Schrack Jennifer A , Ferrucci Luigi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPrevious work has shown that poorer mitochondrial function is associated with age-related perceived fatigability. However, whether glucose oxidation and anaerobic metabolism are intermediate factors underlying this association remains unclear. We examined the total cross-sectional association between mitochondrial function and perceived fatigability in 554 adults aged 22–99 years. Mitochondrial function was assessed by skeletal muscle oxidative capacity (kPCr) using 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Perceived fatigability was measured by rating of perceived exertion after a 5-minute (0.67 m/s) treadmill walk. The intermediate role of glucose oxidation (measured by the rate of change of respiratory exchange ratio [RER change rate] during the 5-minute treadmill walk) and anaerobic metabolism (measured by ventilatory threshold [VeT] during a maximal treadmill test) was evaluated by examining their cross-sectional associations with kPCr and perceived exertion. For each 0.01/s lower kPCr, perceived fatigability was 0.47 points higher (p = .002). A 0.01/s lower kPCr was also associated with 8.3 L/min lower VeT (p &lt; .001). Lower VeT was associated with higher fatigability at lower levels of kPCr but not at higher kPCr levels (β for interaction = 0.017, p = .002). kPCr and RER change rate were not significantly associated (p = .341), but a 0.01/min higher RER change rate was associated with 0.12-point higher fatigability (p = .001). Poorer mitochondrial function potentially contributes to higher perceived fatigability through higher glucose oxidation and higher anaerobic metabolism. Future studies to further explore the longitudinal mechanisms between these metabolic changes and fatigability are warranted.