bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Phlebotomus papatasi systemic transcriptional response to trypanosomatid-contaminated blood does not differ from the non-infected blood meal
Authors: Sloan Megan A. , Sadlova Jovana , Lestinova Tereza , Sanders Mandy J. , Cotton James A. , Volf Petr , Ligoxygakis Petros 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Leishmaniasis, caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania, is a disease that effects up to 8 million people worldwide. Parasites are transmitted to human and animal hosts through the bite of an infected sand fly. Novel strategies for disease control, require a better understanding of the key step for transmission namely, the establishment of infection inside the fly. Methods In this work we wanted to identify fly systemic transcriptomic signatures associated with Leishmania infection. We used next generation sequencing to describe the transcriptome of whole Phlebotomus papatasi sand flies when fed with blood alone (control) or with blood containing one of three trypanosomatids: Leishmania major, Leishmania donovani and Herpetomonas muscarum: a parasite not transmitted to humans. Results Of these, only L. major is able to successfully establish an infection in P. papatasi. However, the transcriptional signatures observed after each parasite-contaminated blood meal were not specific to success or failure of a specific infection and were not different from each other. They were also indistinguishable from non-contaminated blood. Conclusions This implies that sand flies perceive Leishmania as just one feature of their microbiome landscape and that any strategy to tackle transmission should focus on the response towards the blood meal rather than parasite establishment. Alternatively, Leishmania could suppress host responses. These results will generate new thinking around the concept of stopping transmission by controlling the parasite inside the insect.
Maternal mortality following thromboembolism; Incidences and prophylaxis strategies
Authors: Shirazi Mahboobeh , Sahebdel Behrokh , Torkzaban Mahnoosh , Feizabad Elham , ghaemi marjan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Thromboembolism is one of the main causes of maternal mortality, which can be prevented in many cases. The present study was designed to investigate the incidence and prophylaxis strategies for maternal mortality following thromboembolism in postnatal.Methods: In this case series study, the data of the mortality cases were extracted according to the ethical and security standards of the Ministry of Health of the country and compared with a healthy control group. The thromboembolism risk factors measured and scored using a questionnaire entitled "the evaluation of risk factors for maternal mortality following thromboembolism during pregnancy, labor, or post-partum".Results: The maternal mortality rate was 16 per 100,000 live births. Among 297 mortality cases, 27 (9%) death were due to thromboembolism. The mean gestational age was 32.5 weeks. Dyspnea (88.8%) and tachycardia (18.5%) were found as common clinical manifestations in these patients. Sixteen cases (59.3%) did not get heparin, 6 (22.2%) received single dose and 5 (18.5%) received two doses and more. In these 11 cases, 5 (45%) patients received heparin before surgery, 1 after surgery, and 5 before and after surgery. Twenty cases deceased in the first hours after delivery and the rest after 2 to 12 days. The average score of risk for thromboembolism based on Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynecologist (RCOG) guideline was 4.6.Conclusion: It seems that one of the most important cause of maternal mortality in this study was the lack of recognition of high-risk patients and the lack of prescription for prophylaxis with heparin and this clearly explains the need for accurate screening of high-risk mothers, designing a standard form and the care and treatment of these patients.
Subcutaneous ticks: first report in a golden jackal and their absence in non-canid carnivores
Authors: Mechouk Noureddine , Deak Georgiana , Ionica Angela Monica , Ionescu Dan Traian , Chisamera Gabriel Bogdan , Gherman Calin Mircea , Mihalca Andrei Daniel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Ticks are hematophagous arthropods which normally attach to the surface of the skin of the host. Their aberrant presence in the subcutaneous tissue of a few carnivores, predominantly foxes has been reported. However, there are no reports in other carnivores such as mustelids or golden jackals. Our aim was to investigate and broaden the host spectrum for this aberrant localization of ticks.Methods: Between 2015 and 2020, 198 carnivore carcasses from 12 species were examined by parasitological necropsy. When subcutaneous ticks were found, the nodules were removed, carefully dissected, and stored in ethanol. The morphological identification of the subcutaneous ticks was carried out to the species level.Results: A single subcutaneous tick was found in one carcass, a golden jackal. The tick was identified as a female Ixodes ricinus. All the other carcasses were negative for the presence of subcutaneous ticks.Conclusion: The present paper represents the first report of a subcutaneous tick in a golden jackal (Canis aureus), extends the host spectrum for this unusual phenomenon and demonstrates its presence only in canids among carnivores.
Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury is Alleviated by Curcumin-Peptide Hydrogel via Upregulating Autophagy and Protecting Mitochondrial Function
Authors: Liao Chilin , Liu Yang , Huang Mengzhao , Liu Huayong , Ye Ziliang , Su Qiang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is an important factor limiting the success of cardiac reperfusion therapy. Curcumin has a significant cardioprotective effect against IRI, can inhibit ventricular remodeling induced by pressure load or MI, and improve cardiac function. However, the poor water solubility and low bioavailability of curcumin restrict its clinical application. Methods: In this study, we prepared and evaluated a curcumin-hydrogel (cur-hydrogel) to reduce cardiomyocyte apoptosis and reactive oxygen species formation induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation injury, promote autophagy, and reduce mitochondrial damage by maintaining the phosphorylation of Cx43. Results: Meanwhile, cur-hydrogel can restore cardiac function, inhibit myocardial collagen deposition and apoptosis, and activate JAK2/STAT3 pathway to alleviate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Conclusions: The purpose of this study is to elucidate the protective effects of cur-hydrogel on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating apoptosis, autophagy and mitochondrial injury in vitro and in vivo, which lays a new theoretical and experimental foundation for the prevention and reduction of IRI.
Characteristics and clinical outcomes of culture-negative and culture-positive septic shock: a single-center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kim June-sung , Kim Youn-Jung , Kim Won Young 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: We evaluated the characteristics and outcomes of culture-negative septic shock versus culture-positive septic shock.Methods: We performed a retrospective observational study of data from a prospective registry from 2014 to 2018. A total of 2,499 adult patients with septic shock were enrolled. The primary outcome was 90-day mortality, and the secondary outcomes were the length of hospital stay, a requirement for mechanical ventilation or renal replacement therapy, and in-hospital mortality.Results: Of 1,718 patients with septic shock, 1,012 (58.9%) patients were culture-positive (blood 803, urine 302, sputum 102, others 204) and the median pathogen detection time was 9.5 hours (aerobic 10.2 hours and anaerobic 9.0 hours). The most common site of infection among the culture-positive was the hepatobiliary tract (39.5%), while for the culture-negative was the lower respiratory tract (38.2%). The culture-negative group had a lower mean body temperature (37.3 vs 37.7 ℃), lactate (2.5 vs. 3.2 mmol/L), C-reactive protein (11.1 vs 11.9 mg/dL), and sequential organ failure assessment score (7.0 vs. 8.0) than that of the culture-positive group. However, 90-day mortality between the groups was not significantly different (32.7 vs 32.2%, p=0.83), and the other clinical outcomes also did not differ significantly. Moreover, a shorter culture detection time was correlated with a higher sequential organ failure assessment score but not with mortality.Conclusion: Patients with septic shock are frequently culture-negative, especially in cases where the infection focus is in the lower respiratory tract. Although culture-negative was associated with degree of organ dysfunction, it was not an independent predictor of death.
Distinct expression and prognostic values of GATA transcription factor family in human ovarian cancer.
Authors: Zhou Quan , Yang Huai-jie , Zuo Man-zhen , Tao Ya-ling 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Accumulated studies have provided controversial evidences of expression patterns and prognostic value of the GATA family in human ovarian cancer. In the present study, we accessed the distinct expression and prognostic roles of 7 individual members of GATA family in ovarian cancer (OC) patients through Oncomine analysis, CCLE analysis, Human Protein Atlas (HPA), Kaplan–Meier plotter (KM plotter) database, cBioPortal and Metascape. Our results indicated that GATA1, GATA3, GATA4 and TRPS1 mRNA and protein expression was significantly higher in OC than normal samples. High expression of GATA1, GATA2, and GATA4 were significantly correlated with better overall survival (OS), while increased GATA3 and GATA6 expression were associated with worse prognosis in OC patients. GATA1, GATA2, GATA3 and GATA6 were closely related to the diﬀerent clinicopathological features of OC. The genetic variation and interaction of the GATA family may be closely related to the pathogenesis and prognosis of OC, and the regulatory network composed of GATA family genes and their neighboring genes are mainly involved in Notch signaling pathway, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation and Hippo signaling pathway. Aberrant expressions of GATA family were all found to be associated with the clinicopathological features and clinical outcome of OC, and transcriptional GATA1/2/3/4/6 could be prognostic markers and potential therapeutic target for OC patients.
Capacity of National Malaria Control Programmes to implement vector surveillance: a global analysis
Authors: Russell Tanya L , Farlow Robert , Min Myo , Espino Effie , Mnzava Abraham , Burkot Thomas R. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundSolving the problem of malaria requires a highly skilled workforce with robust infrastructure, financial backing and sound programme management coordinated by a strategic plan. Here, the capacity of National Malaria Control Programmes (NMCPs) was analysed to identify the strengths and weaknesses underpinning implementation of vector surveillance and control activities by the core elements of programme capacity, being strategic frameworks, financing, human resources, logistics and infrastructure, and information systems. ResultsAcross nearly every country surveyed, the vector surveillance programmes were hampered by a lack of capacity and capability. Only 8 % of NMCPs reported having sufficient capacity to implement vector surveillance. In contrast, 57 %, 56 % and 28 % of NMCPs had the capacity to implement long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), indoor residual spraying (IRS) and larval source management (LSM) activities, respectively. Largely underlying this was a lack of up-to-date strategic plans that prioritize vector surveillance and include frameworks for decision-making and action. ConclusionsStrategic planning and a lack of well-trained entomologists heavily hamper vector surveillance. Countries on the path to elimination generally had more operational/field staff compared to countries at the stage of control, and also were more likely to have an established system for staff training and capacity building. It is unlikely that controlling countries will make significant progress unless huge investments also go towards increasing the number and capacity of programmatic staff.
A Young Female Presented With Massive Pulmonary Embolism Wıth Inferior Vena Cava Thrombus As A Complication Of Nephrotic Syndrome: A Case Report.
Authors: Jeele Mohamed Osman , Mohamud Mohamed Farah Yusuf , Addow Rukia Omar Barre 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) was first described in 1827 as the presence of proteinuria of ≥3.5 g/24 hours, albuminemia <3.0 g, peripheral edema, hyperlipidemia, lipiduria, and increased thrombotic risk. Nephrotic syndrome has an incidence of three cases per 100 000 each year in adults. Nephrotic syndrome also has serious complications due to hypercoagulable state in both various venous and arteries which could lead thromboembolic events. The pathophysiology of hypercoagulability in the nephrotic syndrome is due to an imbalance of prothrombotic and antithrombotic factors, as well as impaired thrombolytic activities.Here we will present 19 years old women who presented to the emergency department complaining of chest pain and shortness of breath for three days. The patient was quickly diagnosed with pulmonary embolism and inferior vena cava thrombosis as a complication of nephrotic syndrome, allowing prompt initiation of anticoagulant therapy. After two weeks of admission, the patient's condition resolved, her laboratory results returned to almost normal and the patient was discharged with Oral Prednisolone, Coumadin, Atorvastatin, and Ramipril. We are aim to determine which is the likely cause of pulmonary embolism in patients with the nephrotic syndrome.
Inhibitory Effects of Circulating Natural Autoantibodies to CD47-derived Peptides on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Liu Xiu , Meng Qingyong , He Ziyi , Dong Rui , Hu Ying 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Natural autoantibodies serve as an important anti-tumorigenic system due to its immune surveillance function. The present study aims to investigate whether circulating natural IgG autoantibodies against cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47) could suppress the proliferation of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. Three OSCC cell lines were used for this study. The expression of fourteen tumor related genes including CD47 were tested. OSCC cells were grown, respectively, with 20% human plasma positive and negative for anti-CD47 IgG. Cell proliferation, apoptosis and invasion/metastasis were examined. The results showed that CD47 presented highest expression among all 14 genes detected in OSCC cells. Plasma anti-CD47 IgG significantly inhibited the viability of all three OSCC cell lines. The proportions of apoptotic cells were remarkably higher in OSCC cells treated with anti-CD47 IgG-positive plasma than those treated with IgG-negative plasma. Furthermore, the cell invasion/metastasis was attenuated evidently with the attribution of plasma anti-CD47 IgG. In conclusion, natural autoantibodies against CD47 may be a potential target for OSCC immunotherapy.
Bariatric surgery can acutely modulate ER-stress and inflammation on subcutaneous adipose tissue in non-diabetic patients with obesity
Authors: Ferraz-Bannitz Rafael , Welendorf Caroline Rossi , Coelho Priscila Oliveira , Salgado Wilson , Nonino Carla Barbosa , Beraldo Rebeca , Foss-Freitas Maria 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Bariatric surgery, especially Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), is the most effective and durable treatment option for severe obesity. The mechanisms involving adipose tissue may be important to explain the effects of surgery.Methods: We aimed to identify the genetic signatures of adipose tissue in patients undergoing RYGB. We evaluated 13 obese, non-diabetic patients (mean age 37 years, 100% women, Body mass index (BMI) 42.2 kg/m2) one day before surgery, 3 and 6 months (M) after RYGB.Results: Analysis of gene expression in adipose tissue collected at surgery compared with samples collected at 3M and 6M Post-RYGB showed that interleukins (Interleukin 6, Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP1)) and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) genes (Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3 (EIF2AK3) and Calreticulin (CALR)) decreased during the follow-up (P≤0.01 for all). Otherwise, genes involved in energy homeostasis (Adiponectin and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)), cellular response to oxidative stress (Sirtuin 1, Sirtuin 3, and Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)), mitochondrial biogenesis (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α)) and amino acids metabolism (General control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2)) increased from baseline to all other time points evaluated (P≤0.01 for all). Also, expression of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARϒ) (adipogenesis regulation) was significantly decreased after RYGB (P<0.05). Additionally, we observed that PGC1α, SIRT1 and AMPK strongly correlated to BMI at 3M (P≤0.01 for all), as well as ADIPOQ and SIRT1 to BMI at 6M (P≤0.01 for all).Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that weight loss is associated with amelioration of inflammation and ERS and increased protection against oxidative stress in adipose tissue. These observations are strongly correlated with a decrease in BMI and essential genes that control cellular energy homeostasis, suggesting an adaptive process on a gene expression level during the caloric restriction and weight loss period after RYGB.Trial registration: CAAE: 73585317.0.0000.5440
Prognostic value of suppression of tumorigenesis-2 (ST2) for cardiovascular events in coronary artery disease patients with and without diabetes mellitus
Authors: Li Man , Duan Lei , Cai Yulun , Hao Benchuan , Chen Jianqiao , Li Huiying , Liu Hongbin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Suppression of tumorigenesis-2 (ST2) is implicated in myocardial overload and has long been recognized as an inflammation marker related to heart failure and acute coronary syndromes, but data on the prognostic value of ST2 in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) remain limited. This study sought to investigate the prognostic value of ST2 in patients with established coronary artery disease and its predictive value in CAD patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: A total of 3641 consecutive patients were included in this prospective cohort study. The primary end point was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). The secondary end point was all-cause death. The association between ST2 and outcomes was investigated using multivariable Cox regression.Results: During a median follow-up of 6.4 years, 775 patients had the occurrence of MACEs and 275 patients died. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates indicated that the patients with higher levels of ST2 (ST2> 19 ng/ml) had a significantly increased risk of MACEs (log-rank p＜0.001) and all-cause death (log-rank p<0.001). Multiple Cox regression models showed that higher level of ST2 was an independent predictor for MACEs developments (HR=1.36, 95% CI 1.17-1.56, p<0.001) and all-cause death (HR=2.01, 95% CI 1.56-2.59, p<0.001). The addition of ST2 to established risk factors significantly improved risk prediction of the composite outcome of MACEs and all-cause death (C-statistic, net reclassification index, and integrated discrimination improvement, all p<0.05). Subgroup analyses showed that ST2 remained a significant predictor of MACEs and all-cause death in patients with and without T2DM in multivariable models.Conclusions: A higher level of ST2 is significantly associated with long-term MACEs and all-cause death in CAD patients with and without T2DM. ST2 may provide incremental prognostic value beyond traditional risk factors.
Characterization and genetic diversity of Helicobacter pylori type IV secretion system components CagI and CagN and their association with clinical outcomes among Iranian patients
Authors: Azizimoghaddam Yasaman , Kermanpour Sadaf , Mirzaei Nasrin , Houri Hamidreza , Yadegar Abbas , Kumar Navin , Aghdaei Hamid Asadzadeh , Zali Mohammad Reza 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: A number of cagPAI genes in H. pylori genome was proposed to be the most probably evolved under a diversifying selection and evolutionary pressure. Among them, CagI and CagN are described as a part of the two different-operon of cagPAI that are involved in the T4SS, but the definite association of these factors with clinical manifestations is unclear.Methods: A total of 70 H. pylori isolates were obtained from different gastroduodenal patients. All isolates were examined for the presence of primary H. pylori virulence genes by PCR analysis. Direct DNA sequence analysis was performed for the cagI and cagN genes. The results were compared with reference strain.Results: The cagI, cagN, cagA, cagL, vacA s1m1, vacA s1m2, vacA s2m2, babA2, sabA and dupA genotypes were detected in 80%, 91.4%, 84%, 91.4%, 32.8%, 42.8%, 24.4%, 97.1%, 84.3%, and 84.3% of the total isolates, respectively. The most variable codon usage in cagI was observed at residues 20 to 25, 55 to 60, 94, 181 to 199, 213 to 221, 241 to 268, and 319 to 320, while the most variable codon usage in CagN hypervariable motif (CagNHM) was observed at residues 53 to 63. Sequencing data analysis of cagN revealed a hypothetical hexapeptide motif (EAKDEN/K) in residues of 278-283 among six H. pylori isolates, which needs further studies to evaluate its putative function.Conclusion: The present study demonstrated a high prevalence of cagI and cagN genes among Iranian H. pylori isolates with gastroduodenal diseases. Furthermore, no significant correlation between cagI and cagN variants and clinical outcomes was observed in present study. However, all patients had high prevalence of cagPAI genes including cagI, cagN, cagA and cagL that indicates more potential role of these genes in disease outcome.
Violência contra a mulher: um diálogo com estudantes do ensino médio
Authors: De NOVAIS Melissa , SANTOS Jaqueline Aguiar dos , LABIAK Fernanda Pereira , NUNES Ariella Cappellari 
Published: November 2020

O presente relato de experiência tem como objetivo analisar e socializar uma intervenção de conscientização e de prevenção da violência contra a mulher, promovida por extensionistas do projeto Direito Intergeracional e Transversalidade da Universidade do Vale do Itajaí em São José (SC), com estudantes do ensino médio de uma escola pública estadual. A partir da atividade de intervensão realizada, que se deu por meio de palestra, pôde ser debatido com os estudantes questões relacionadas à violência contra mulher, procurando ampliar e entender o conhecimento dos estudantes acerca do tema. Observou-se uma ampla participação dos estudantes, a necessidade de lugar de fala em torno da temática e a auto-reflexão em torno das próprias atitudes, comprovando que a educação sobre a violência é uma forma eficiente de prevenção e que a extensão universitária possui papel privilegiado e relevante em promover mudanças culturais e sociais na comunidade e na educação da comunidade acadêmica.