bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intelligence, alcohol consumption, and adverse consequences. A study of young Norwegian men
Authors: Rogne Adrian F. , Pedersen Willy , Von Soest Tilmann 
Published: September 2020

Aims: Research suggests that intelligence is positively related to alcohol consumption. However, some studies of people born around 1950, particularly from Sweden, have reported that higher intelligence is associated with lower consumption and fewer alcohol-related problems. We investigated the relationships between intelligence, alcohol consumption, and adverse consequences of drinking in young men from Norway (a neighboring Scandinavian country) born in the late 1970s. Methods: This analysis was based on the population-based Young in Norway Longitudinal Study. Our sample included young men who had been followed from their mid-teens until their late 20s ( n = 1126). Measures included self-reported alcohol consumption/intoxication, alcohol use disorders (AUDIT), and a scale measuring adverse consequences of drinking. Controls included family background, parental bonding, and parents’ and peers’ drinking. Intelligence test scores—scaled in 9 “stanines” (population mean of 5 and standard deviation of 2)—were taken from conscription assessment. Results: Men with higher intelligence scores reported average drinking frequency and slightly fewer adverse consequences in their early 20s. In their late 20s, they reported more frequent drinking than men with lower intelligence scores (0.30 more occasions per week, per stanine, age adjusted; 95% CI: 0.12 to 0. 49). Intelligence was not associated with intoxication frequency at any age and did not moderate the relationships between drinking frequency and adverse consequences. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the relationship between intelligence and drinking frequency is age dependent. Discrepancies with earlier findings from Sweden may be driven by changes in drinking patterns.
Validation of Modified Hertel Exophthalmometer
Authors: Jamal Rizwana Fathima , Azariah Emmanuel , Pandyan Deepak , Chinnaswami Ravindran 
Published: September 2020

Study Design: This is a correlation study. Objective: The objective was to obtain normative values from modified Hertel exophthalmometer, to compare difference in values between modified and standard Hertel exophthalmometer and to statistically analyze for correlation. Methods: The study to validate the modification done to Hertel exophthalmometer was performed at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at our institute. Informed consent was obtained from patients; measurement in 100 volunteers was made with Hertel and modified Hertel exophthalmometer by a single observer, and the measurements taken by the 2 devices were tabulated along with variables such as age and gender. Data were collected and statistical analysis was performed to compare and correlate the values between standard and modified exophthalmometer. Differences of ocular protrusion values in gender and age were also calculated. Results: There has been no statistically significant difference in the normative data between standard Hertel and modified Hertel exophthalmometer and in relation to age and gender. Conclusions: The modification of the Hertel exophthalmometer is validated and can also be used for relative exophthalmometry to assess the need for treatment and to evaluate the globe position and orbital volume intraoperatively. The proposed modification of the instrument allows it to be used in cases when one of the lateral orbital walls is fractured or displaced due to trauma.
Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of Smell and Taste Disorders in COVID‐19
Authors: Ibekwe Titus Sunday , Fasunla Ayotunde James , Orimadegun Adebola Emmanuel 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveLoss of smell and taste are considered potential discriminatory symptoms indicating triaging for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and early case identification. However, the estimated prevalence essential to guide public health policy varies in published literature. This meta‐analysis aimed to estimate prevalence of smell and taste loss among COVID‐19 patients.Data SourcesWe conducted systematic searches of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases for studies published on the prevalence of smell and taste loss in COVID‐19 patients.Review MethodsTwo authors extracted data on study characteristics and the prevalence of smell and taste loss. Random‐effects modeling was used to estimate pooled prevalence. Subgroup analysis and meta‐regression were conducted to explore potential heterogeneity sources. This study used PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines.ResultsTwenty‐seven of 32 studies reported a prevalence of loss of smell, taste, or both from a combined sample of 20,451 COVID‐19 patients. The estimated global pooled prevalence of loss of smell among 19,424 COVID‐19 patients from 27 studies was 48.47% (95% CI, 33.78%‐63.29%). Loss of taste was reported in 20 studies and 8001 patients with an estimated pooled prevalence of 41.47% (95% CI, 3.13%‐31.03%), while 13 studies that reported combined loss of smell and taste in 5977 COVID‐19 patients indicated a pooled prevalence of 35.04% (95% CI, 22.03%‐49.26%).ConclusionsThe prevalence of smell and taste loss among COVID‐19 patients was high globally, and regional differences supported the relevance of these symptoms as important markers. Health workers must consider them as suspicion indices for empirical diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.
Activity of transgene-produced B-domain–deleted factor VIII in human plasma following AAV5 gene therapy
Authors: Rosen Steffen , Tiefenbacher Stefan , Robinson Mary , Huang Mei , Srimani Jaydeep , Mackenzie Donnie , Christianson Terri , Pasi K. John , Rangarajan Savita , Symington Emily , Giermasz Adam , Pierce Glenn F. , Kim Benjamin , Zoog Stephen J. , Vettermann Christian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based gene therapies can restore endogenous factor VIII (FVIII) expression in hemophilia A (HA). AAV vectors typically use a B-domain–deleted FVIII transgene, such as human FVIII-SQ in valoctocogene roxaparvovec (AAV5-FVIII-SQ). Surprisingly, the activity of transgene-produced FVIII-SQ was between 1.3 and 2.0 times higher in one-stage clot (OS) assays than in chromogenic-substrate (CS) assays, whereas recombinant FVIII-SQ products had lower OS than CS activity. Transgene-produced and recombinant FVIII-SQ showed comparable specific activity (international units per milligram) in the CS assay, demonstrating that the diverging activities arise in the OS assay. Higher OS activity for transgene-produced FVIII-SQ was observed across various assay kits and clinical laboratories, suggesting that intrinsic molecular features are potential root causes. Further experiments in 2 participants showed that transgene-produced FVIII-SQ accelerated early factor Xa and thrombin formation, which may explain the higher OS activity based on a kinetic bias between OS and CS assay readout times. Despite the faster onset of coagulation, global thrombin levels were unaffected. A correlation with joint bleeds suggested that both OS and CS assay remained clinically meaningful to distinguish hemophilic from nonhemophilic FVIII activity levels. During clinical development, the CS activity was chosen as a surrogate end point to conservatively assess hemostatic efficacy and enable comparison with recombinant FVIII-SQ products. Relevant trials are registered on clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02576795 and #NCT03370913 and, respectively, on EudraCT (European Union Drug Regulating Authorities Clinical Trials Database; https://eudract.ema.europa.eu) as #2014-003880-38 and #2017-003215-19.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of test accuracy for the diagnosis of suspected pulmonary embolism
Authors: Patel Parth , Patel Payal , Bhatt Meha , Braun Cody , Begum Housne , Wiercioch Wojtek , Varghese Jamie , Wooldridge David , Alturkmani Hani , Thomas Merrill , Baig Mariam , Bahaj Waled , Khatib Rasha , Kehar Rohan , Ponnapureddy Rakesh , Sethi Anchal , Mustafa Ahmad , Lim Wendy , Le Gal Grégoire , Bates Shannon M. , Haramati Linda B. , Kline Jeffrey , Lang Eddy , Righini Marc , Kalot Mohamad A. , Husainat Nedaa M. , Jabiri Yazan Nayif Al , Schünemann Holger J. , Mustafa Reem A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPulmonary embolism (PE) is a common, potentially life-threatening yet treatable condition. Prompt diagnosis and expeditious therapeutic intervention is of paramount importance for optimal patient management. Our objective was to systematically review the accuracy of D-dimer assay, compression ultrasonography (CUS), computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA), and ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scanning for the diagnosis of suspected first and recurrent PE. We searched Cochrane Central, MEDLINE, and EMBASE for eligible studies, reference lists of relevant reviews, registered trials, and relevant conference proceedings. 2 investigators screened and abstracted data. Risk of bias was assessed using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 and certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework. We pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity. The review included 61 studies. The pooled estimates for D-dimer sensitivity and specificity were 0.97 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.96-0.98) and 0.41 (95% CI, 0.36-0.46) respectively, whereas CTPA sensitivity and specificity were 0.94 (95% CI, 0.89-0.97) and 0.98 (95% CI, 0.97-0.99), respectively, and CUS sensitivity and specificity were 0.49 (95% CI, 0.31-0.66) and 0.96 (95% CI, 0.95-0.98), respectively. Three variations of pooled estimates for sensitivity and specificity of V/Q scan were carried out, based on interpretation of test results. D-dimer had the highest sensitivity when compared with imaging. CTPA and V/Q scans (high probability scan as a positive and low/non-diagnostic/normal scan as negative) both had the highest specificity. This systematic review was registered on PROSPERO as CRD42018084669.
COVID-19 convalescent plasma clears SARS-CoV-2 refractory to remdesivir in an infant with congenital heart disease
Authors: Rodriguez Zahidee , Shane Andi L. , Verkerke Hans , Lough Christopher , Zimmerman Matthew G. , Suthar Mehul , Wrammert Jens , MacDonald Heather , Wolf Michael , Clarke Shanelle , Roback John D. , Arthur Connie M. , Stowell Sean R. , Josephson Cassandra D. 
Published: September 2020

Key Points
COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CP) may be a safe and effective treatment option in SARS-CoV-2 infection refractory to remdesivir. Infants may benefit from CP despite developing immune systems and donor variability emphasizes the need for characterization prior to use.
Soluble glycoprotein VI is a predictor of major bleeding in patients with suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Pishko Allyson M. , Andrews Robert K. , Gardiner Elizabeth E. , Lefler Daniel S. , Cuker Adam 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We have shown that patients with suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) have a high incidence of major bleeding. Recent studies have implicated elevated soluble glycoprotein VI (sGPVI) levels as a potential risk factor for bleeding. We sought to determine if elevated sGPVI plasma levels are associated with major bleeding events in patients with suspected HIT. We used a cohort of 310 hospitalized adult patients with suspected HIT who had a blood sample collected at the time HIT was suspected. Plasma sGPVI levels were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Patients were excluded who had received a platelet transfusion within 1 day of sample collection because of the high levels of sGPVI in platelet concentrates. We assessed the association of sGPVI (high vs low) with International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis major bleeding events by multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for other known risk factors for bleeding. Fifty-four patients were excluded due to recent platelet transfusion, leaving 256 patients for analysis. Eighty-nine (34.8%) patients had a major bleeding event. Median sGPVI levels were significantly elevated in patients with major bleeding events compared with those without major bleeding events (49.09 vs 31.93 ng/mL; P &lt; .001). An sGPVI level &gt;43 ng/mL was independently associated with major bleeding after adjustment for critical illness, sepsis, cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, and degree of thrombocytopenia (adjusted odds ratio, 2.81; 95% confidence interval, 1.51-5.23). Our findings suggest that sGPVI is associated with major bleeding in hospitalized patients with suspected HIT. sGPVI may be a novel biomarker to predict bleeding risk in patients with suspected HIT.
Using genomic resources for linkage analysis in Peromyscus with an application for characterizing Dominant Spot
Authors: Shang Zhenhua , Horovitz David J. , McKenzie Ronald H. , Keisler Jessica L. , Felder Michael R. , Davis Shannon W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPeromyscusare the most common mammalian species in North America and are widely used in both laboratory and field studies. The deer mouse,P. maniculatusand the old-field mouse,P. polionotus, are closely related and can generate viable and fertile hybrid offspring. The ability to generate hybrid offspring, coupled with developing genomic resources, enables researchers to conduct linkage analysis studies to identify genomic loci associated with specific traits.ResultsWe used available genomic data to identify DNA polymorphisms betweenP. maniculatusandP. polionotusand used the polymorphic data to identify the range of genetic complexity that underlies physiological and behavioral differences between the species, including cholesterol metabolism and genes associated with autism. In addition, we used the polymorphic data to conduct a candidate gene linkage analysis for theDominant spottrait and determined thatDominant spotis linked to a region of chromosome 20 that contains a strong candidate gene,Sox10. During the linkage analysis, we found that the spot size varied quantitively in affectedPeromyscusbased on genetic background.ConclusionsThe expanding genomic resources forPeromyscusfacilitate their use in linkage analysis studies, enabling the identification of loci associated with specific traits. More specifically, we have linked a coat color spotting phenotype,Dominant spot, withSox10, a member the neural crest gene regulatory network, and that there are likely two genetic modifiers that interact withDominant spot. These results establishPeromyscusas a model system for identifying new alleles of the neural crest gene regulatory network.
ST segment elevation caused by ostial right coronary artery obstruction in infective endocarditis: a case report
Authors: Bolton Alexander , Hajj Georges , Payvandi Laila , Komanapalli Christopher 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a rare, but serious complication of infective endocarditis, and diagnosis can be challenging given clinical overlap with other syndromes. A rare cause of ACS in infective endocarditis is mechanical obstruction of the coronary artery. We present the case of a patient with infective endocarditis who developed ST segment myocardial infarction due to occlusion of the right coronary artery ostium by a vegetation.

Case presentation
A 53-year-old female with no prior history of coronary artery disease was transferred to our tertiary care facility for evaluation and treatment of suspected myopericarditis. After transfer she developed inferior ST segment elevations on ECG along with fever and positive blood cultures for methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). A transesophageal echocardiogram revealed a vegetation on the aortic valve that intermittently prolapsed into the right coronary ostium. She decompensated from a hemorrhagic brain infarct and subsequently transferred to the intensive care unit. She underwent surgical aortic valve debridement without prior cardiac catheterization given the danger of septic coronary embolization. After a prolonged hospital course with multiple complications, she was able to discharge home, with no neurologic deficits on follow-up.

Conclusions
ACS presents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in the setting of infective endocarditis. Careful attention to the history, physical exam and testing can help differentiate infective endocarditis from other conditions sharing similar symptoms. Traditional atherosclerotic ACS management may cause great harm when treating patients with infective endocarditis. The presence of a multidisciplinary endocarditis team is ideal to provide the best clinical outcomes for this population.
Evaluation of the reporting quality of observational studies in master of public health dissertations in China
Authors: Dai Shuangyang , Zhou Xiaobin , Xu Hong , Li Beibei , Zhang Jingao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Backgrounds
Master of public health (MPH) plays an important role in Chinese medical education, and the dissertations is an important part of MPH education. In MPH dissertations, most are observational studies. Compared with randomized controlled trial (RCT), observational studies are more prone to information bias. So, the reporting of the observational studies should be transparent and standard. But, no research on evaluating the reporting quality of the MPH dissertation has been found.

Methods
A systematic literature search was performed in the Wanfang database from January 1, 2014 to May 31, 2019. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observation Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement was adopted to evaluate the reporting quality of the selected studies. Articles that met the following criteria were selected: (1) observational studies, including cross-sectional studies, case-control studies, and cohort studies; (2) original articles; (3) studies on humans, including both adults and children.

Results
The Median of compliance to individual STROBE items was 74.79%. The mean (standard deviation) of STROBE score was 14.29 (1.84). Five items/sub-items were 100% reported (“reported” and “partly reported” were combined): background, objectives, study design, report numbers of individuals at each stage, and key result. Fifteen items/sub-items were reported by 75% or more. Reporting of methods and results was often omitted: missing data (6.67%), sensitivity analyses (3.63%), flow diagram (15.15%), and absolute risk (0%). Logistic regression analysis indicated that cohort studies (OR = 3.41, 95% CI = 1.27–9.16), funding support (OR = 4.37, 95% CI = 1.27–9.16) and more published papers during postgraduate period (OR = 3.46, 95% CI = 1.40–8.60) were related to high reporting quality.

Conclusion
In short, the reporting quality of observational studies in MPH’s dissertations in China is suboptimal. However, it’s necessary to improve the reporting of method and results sections. We recommend that authors should be stricter to adhere STROBE statement when conducting observational studies.
Multimorbidity, physical frailty, and self-rated health in older patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Abu Hawa O. , Saczynski Jane , Mehawej Jordy , Paul Tenes , Awad Hamza , Bamgbade Benita A. , Pierre-Louis Isabelle C. , Tisminetzky Mayra , Kiefe Catarina I. , Goldberg Robert J. , McManus David D. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Holistic care models emphasize management of comorbid conditions to improve patient-reported outcomes in treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). We investigated relations between multimorbidity, physical frailty, and self-rated health (SRH) among older adults with AF.

Methods
Patients (n = 1235) with AF aged 65 years and older were recruited from five medical centers in Massachusetts and Georgia between 2015 and 2018. Ten previously diagnosed cardiometabolic and 8 non-cardiometabolic conditions were assessed from medical records. Physical Frailty was assessed with the Cardiovascular Health Study frailty scale. SRH was categorized as either “excellent/very good”, “good”, and “fair/poor”. Separate multivariable ordinal logistic models were used to examine the associations between multimorbidity and SRH, physical frailty and SRH, and multimorbidity and physical frailty.

Results
Overall, 16% of participants rated their health as fair/poor and 14% were frail. Hypertension (90%), dyslipidemia (80%), and heart failure (37%) were the most prevalent cardiometabolic conditions. Arthritis (51%), anemia (31%), and cancer (30%), the most common non-cardiometabolic diseases. After multivariable adjustment, patients with higher multimorbidity were more likely to report poorer health status (Odds Ratio (OR): 2.15 [95% CI: 1.53–3.03], ≥ 8 vs 1–4; OR: 1.37 [95% CI: 1.02–1.83], 5–7 vs 1–4), as did those with more prevalent cardiometabolic and non-cardiometabolic conditions. Patients who were pre-frail (OR: 1.73 [95% CI: 1.30–2.30]) or frail (OR: 6.81 [95% CI: 4.34–10.68]) reported poorer health status. Higher multimorbidity was associated with worse frailty status.

Conclusions
Multimorbidity and physical frailty were common and related to SRH. Our findings suggest that holistic management approaches may influence SRH among older patients with AF.
Sentinel lymph node mapping using ICG fluorescence and cone beam CT – a feasibility study in a rabbit model of oral cancer
Authors: Muhanna Nidal , Chan Harley H. L. , Douglas Catriona M. , Daly Michael J. , Jaidka Atul , Eu Donovan , Bernstein Jonathan , Townson Jason L. , Irish Jonathan C. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Current sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) techniques, including use of radioisotopes, have disadvantages including the use of a radioactive tracer. Indocyanine green (ICG) based near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging and cone beam CT (CBCT) have advantages for intraoperative use. However, limited literature exists regarding their use in head and neck cancer SLNB.

Methods
This was a prospective, non-randomized study using a rabbit oral cavity VX2 squamous cell carcinoma model (n = 10) which develops lymph node metastasis. Pre-operatively, images were acquired by MicroCT. During surgery, CBCT and NIR fluorescence imaging of ICG was used to map and guide the SLNB resection.

Results
Intraoperative use of ICG to guide fluorescence resection resulted in identification of all lymph nodes identified by pre-operative CT. CBCT was useful for near real time intraoperative imaging and 3D reconstruction.

Conclusions
This pre-clinical study further demonstrates the technical feasibility, limitations and advantages of intraoperative NIR-guided ICG imaging for SLN identification as a complementary method during head and neck surgery.