bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Passive optical heterodyne spectroscopy measurement of the Doppler shift of Fe(I) lines induced by the rotational velocity of the Sun
Authors: Sappey Andrew D. , Masterson Pat , Sappey Ben A. 
Published: October 2020

We have developed a sensitive, novel laser heterodyne radiometer using a fiber-coupled distributed feedback laser as the local oscillator to measure Fe(I) Fraunhofer lines Doppler-shifted by the rotational motion of the Sun. The radiometer repetitively measures the Doppler shift of an Fe(I) Fraunhofer line at a vacuum wavelength of 1559.252 nm induced by the Sun’s rotation on its eastern and western limbs. The measured shift is slightly smaller than expected as a result of the simple solar tracking system and collection optics used for demonstration. We show through calculation that a multichannel instrument of identical design in conjunction with a Keck-class telescope can be used to search for exoplanets in nearby star systems using the star-wobble radial velocity method with

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Microstructure and Wear of Cathodic Arc Physical Vapour Deposited on TiAlN, TiCrN and n TiAlN Alpha Si3N4 Films
Authors: Roy Manish , Saha Sabyasachi , Valleti Krishna 
Published: October 2020

Present study examined the microstructural features, hardness and wear performance of TiAlN, TiCrN and n-TiAlN/α-Si3N4 coatings deposited by cathodic arc physical vapour deposition (CA-PVD) technique on M-50 steel keeping in mind a possible application of hybrid bearings in next generation aero-engine. Microstructural features of the coatings were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy. Hardness was measured using microhardness tester. Wear test was carried out with the help of ‘Bruker’ tribometer. Worn surfaces were characterised employing SEM. Results show that TiCrN coating has crystalline columnar structure and other coatings have nano-crystalline structures. Besides improved hardness, TiAlN has best wear resistance and TiCrN coating exhibits least friction coefficient.
Jacques Derrida and zoomorphism: an inquiry
Authors: Michta Kamil 
Published: October 2020

The article discusses zoomorphism as part of the anthropocentric discourse aimed at establishing human dominance over animals. Basing on Jacques Derrida’s 1997 paper “The Animal That Therefore I Am (More to Follow),” the article approaches anthropomorphism and zoomorphism as culturally sanctioned ways of misrepresenting animality and shaping human attitudes towards real-life animals. A symptom of the misrepresentation is the gap between animals and their linguistic denotations. The specific aim of the article is to demonstrate that zoomorphism as used in everyday language conserves the human-centered vision of the world by ignoring the differences between individual animals. The discussion concludes by arguing that zoomorphism can be remedied by the individualizing aspects of anthropomorphism.
Kant and Consequentialism in Context: The SecondCritique’s Response to Pistorius
Authors: Walschots Michael H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCommentators disagree about the extent to which Kant’s ethics is compatible with consequentialism. A question that has not yet been asked is whether Kant had a view of his own regarding the fundamental difference between his ethical theory and a broadly consequentialist one. In this paper I argue that Kant does have such a view. I illustrate this by discussing his response to a well-known objection to his moral theory, namely that Kant offers an implicitly consequentialist theory of moral appraisal. This objection was most famously raised by Mill and Schopenhauer, but also during Kant’s time by Pistorius and Tittel. I show that Kant’s response to this objection in the second Critique illustrates that he sees the fundamental difference between his moral theory and a broadly consequentialist one to be one that concerns methodology.
Existence results for nonlinear coupled system of integral equations of Urysohn Volterra-Chandrasekhar mixed type
Authors: Nabil Tamer 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe combined systems of integral equations have become of great importance in various fields of sciences such as electromagnetic and nuclear physics. New classes of the merged type of Urysohn Volterra-Chandrasekhar quadratic integral equations are proposed in this paper. This proposed system involves fractional Urysohn Volterra kernels and also Chandrasekhar kernels. The solvability of a coupled system of integral equations of Urysohn Volterra-Chandrasekhar mixed type is studied. To realize the existence of a solution of those mixed systems, we use the Perov’s fixed point combined with the Leray-Schauder fixed point approach in generalized Banach algebra spaces.
Sprachenbildung und -förderung im schulischen Kontext – Kooperationsprojekt zur Qualifizierung von Lehrenden zwischen der Universidad Nacional de Colombia, niedersächsischen Hochschulen und der Deutschen Schule Bogotá
Authors: Münch-Manková Zuzana , Müller de Acevedo Juliane 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung
In der Fortbildung „Sprachbildung- und -förderung / Deutsch als Zweit- und Fremdsprache“, die im Verbundprojekt des Mercator-Instituts „Umbrüche gestalten“ entwickelt wurde, sollten kolumbianische und deutsche Lehrkräfte gemeinsam weitergebildet werden. In vier Modulen, die an die kolumbianischen Bedürfnisse angepasst wurden, setzten sich die Lehrenden mit den sprachpolitischen Grundlagen des DaZ-Unterrichts, der Förderung bildungssprachlicher und interkultureller Kompetenzen, dem Konzept des Sprachsensiblen Fachunterrichts sowie der Sprachdiagnostik auseinander.
DaF studieren in Lateinamerika – berufsbegleitend und praxisorientiert im Doppel-Master der Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín (Kolumbien) mit der Pädagogischen Hochschule Freiburg (Deutschland)
Authors: Müller Kristina , Friederici Luisa , Werder Sophie von 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Artikel präsentiert anhand einer Befragung von Absolventinnen und Absolventen Erfolge und Herausforderungen des deutsch-kolumbianischen DoppelmasterprogrammsMaestría en Lingüística – Linea Alemán como Lengua Extranjera/MA Deutsch als Zweit- und Fremdsprache. Nach einer kurzen Vorstellung des Studiengangs wird die Planung und Durchführung der Online-Umfrage erläutert sowie ausgewählte Ergebnisse besprochen, auf Grundlage derer abschließend konkrete Verbesserungsmaßnahmen diskutiert werden.
Tuṭṭanabšum: Princess, Priestess, Goddess
Authors: Kraus Nicholas Larry 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Tuṭṭanabšum, daughter of Naram-Suen, was one of the most powerful women of the Akkadian dynasty. The princess was installed as the high priestess of Enlil at Nippur; she held one of the highest cultic positions for the head of the Sumerian pantheon, in a city whose temple served as the religious capital of Sumer. Now, an administrative tablet from the Iraq Museum shows that Tuṭṭanabšum, like her father, was also elevated to the realm of the divine. Never before has there been evidence that a member of the Akkadian royal family other than the king was given divine status. The tablet demonstrates that the divinity adopted by Naram-Suen after his victory in the Great Rebellion applied not only to the king, but to other members of the royal family. Tuṭṭanabšum, therefore, was not only a member of the royal house and one of the highest cultic officials in the empire, but was also elevated to the divine realm.
Modulation instability in nonlinear chiral fiber
Authors: Gelmecha Demissie Jobir , Singh Ram Sewak 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the rigorous derivations of generalized coupled chiral nonlinear Schrödinger equations (CCNLSEs) and their modulation instability analysis have been explored theoretically and computationally. With the consideration of Maxwell’s equations and Post’s constitutive relations, a generalized CCNLSE has been derived, which describes the evolution of left-handed circularly polarized (LCP) and right-handed circularly polarized (RCP) components propagating through single-core nonlinear chiral fiber. The analysis of modulation instability in nonlinear chiral fiber has been investigated starting from CCNLSEs. Based on a theoretical model and numerical simulations, the difference on the modulation instability gain spectrum in LCP and RCP components through chiral fiber has been analyzed by considering loss and chirality into account. The obtained simulation results have shown that the loss distorts the sidebands of the modulation instability gain spectrum, while chirality modulates the gain for LCP and RCP components in a different manner. This suggests that adjusting chirality strength may control the loss, and nonlinearity simultaneously provides stable modulated pulse propagation.
Resource Use Efficiency of Smallholder Producers Cooperative in Nigeria
Authors: Sofoluwe Nurudeen Afolabi , Tijani Akeem Abiade 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study is to analyse efficiency in resource use by cooperative producers with specialization in vegetable production and estimate the costs and return to such enterprises under cooperative conditions. Marginal physical product (MPP), marginal value product (MVP), and marginal factor costs (MFC) in addition to budgetary analysis were utilised to analyse the primary data collected through the questionnaire. The enterprise efficiency level is 0.06, the benefit-cost ratio is 1.06 while the expense structure ratio 0.37. The MVP results showed that all the resources used in production are under-utilized suggesting inefficiency of resource use by the cooperative producers. The result can be of advantage to producers if an appropriate understanding of cooperative principles is put into perspective in production-related decisions. Improvement of the level of utilization of input resources should be of interest to the government and related stakeholders.
Soliton dynamics of ring quantum cascade lasers with injected signal
Authors: Prati Franco , Brambilla Massimo , Piccardo Marco , Columbo Lorenzo Luigi , Silvestri Carlo , Gioannini Mariangela , Gatti Alessandra , Lugiato Luigi A. , Capasso Federico 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNonlinear interactions in many physical systems lead to symmetry breaking phenomena in which an initial spatially homogeneous stationary solution becomes modulated. Modulation instabilities have been widely studied since the 1960s in different branches of nonlinear physics. In optics, they may result in the formation of optical solitons, localized structures that maintain their shape as they propagate, which have been investigated in systems ranging from optical fibres to passive microresonators. Recently, a generalized version of the Lugiato–Lefever equation predicted their existence in ring quantum cascade lasers with an external driving field, a configuration that enables the bistability mechanism at the basis of the formation of optical solitons. Here, we consider this driven emitter and extensively study the structures emerging therein. The most promising regimes for localized structure formation are assessed by means of a linear stability analysis of the homogeneous stationary solution (or continuous-wave solution). In particular, we show the existence of phase solitons – chiral structures excited by phase jumps in the cavity – and cavity solitons. The latter can be deterministically excited by means of writing pulses and manipulated by the application of intensity gradients, making them promising as frequency combs (in the spectral domain) or reconfigurable bit sequences that can encode information inside the ring cavity.
Noise monitoring in Monza (Italy) during COVID-19 pandemic by means of the smart network of sensors developed in the LIFE MONZA project
Authors: Bartalucci Chiara , Borchi Francesco , Carfagni Monica 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
As a scientific consequence of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, several initiatives have taken place in order to monitor noise levels trends before and after the lock down phase in several Italian and European cities. In Monza (Italy), since June 2017, a new smart noise monitoring system consisting of 10 sensors developed in the frame of the LIFE MONZA project is continuously measuring acoustic data every second and transmitting them hourly to a dedicated server. The sensors are located both along a main street of the Libertà district characterised by high traffic flows and along secondary streets of the district; they are positioned on (preferably sensitive) buildings facades and on streetlamps.
In the present paper results of a study concerning changes occurred in noise levels trends before and during the lock down phase for the smart sensors are presented, together with a comparison with noise levels collected by the same sensors in the equivalent months of the previous year. Some preliminary considerations regarding the reliability of the sensors themselves are also provided.
The Shifting Baselines of the British Hare Goddess
Authors: Murphy Luke John , Ameen Carly 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe rise of social zooarchaeology and the so-called ‘animal turn’ in the humanities both reflect a growing interest in the interactions of humans and non-human animals. This comparative archaeological study contributes to this interdisciplinary field by investigating the ways in which successive human cultures employed religion to conceptualise and interact with their ecological context across the longue durée. Specifically, we investigate how the Iron Age, Romano-British, early medieval English, medieval Welsh, and Information Age populations of Great Britain constructed and employed supranatural female figures – Andraste, Diana, Ēostre, St. Melangell, and the modern construct ‘Easter’ – with a common zoomorphic link: the hare. Applying theoretical concepts drawn from conservation ecology (‘shifting baselines’) and the study of religion (‘semantic centres’) to a combination of (zoo)archaeological and textual evidence, we argue that four distinct ‘hare goddesses’ were used to express their congregations’ concerns regarding the mediation of violence between the human in-group and other parties (human or animal) across two millennia.
An Exploratory Study of Research Data Governance in the U.S.
Authors: Kouper Inna , Raymond Anjanette H , Giroux Stacey 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMaking decisions regarding data and the overall credibility of research constitutes research data governance. In this paper, we present results of an exploratory study of the stakeholders of research data governance. The study was conducted among individuals who work in academic and research institutions in the US, with the goal of understanding what entities are perceived as making decisions regarding data and who researchers believe should be responsible for governing research data. Our results show that there is considerable diversity and complexity across stakeholders, both in terms of who they are and their ideas about data governance. To account for this diversity, we propose to frame research data governance in the context of polycentric governance of a knowledge commons. We argue that approaching research data from the commons perspective will allow for a governance framework that can balance the goals of science and society, allow us to shift the discussion toward protection from enclosure and knowledge resilience, and help to ensure that multiple voices are included in all levels of decision-making.
Radicals in prebiotic chemistry
Authors: Lim Renee W. J. , Fahrenbach Albert C. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Radical chemistry is tightly interwoven in proposed prebiotic synthetic pathways, reaction networks and geochemical scenarios that have helped shape our understanding of how life could have originated. Gas-phase prebiotic reactions involving electric discharge, vapour ablation by asteroidal and cometary impacts as well as ionising radiation all produce radicals that facilitate complex molecular synthesis. Reactions in the solid phase which are responsible for astrochemical syntheses can also take place through radicals produced via irradiation of protoplanetary/interstellar ice grains and dust particles. Aqueous-phase radical chemistry affords further molecular complexity promoting the production of precursors for the synthesis of biopolymers thought important for the emergence of life. Radical chemistry appears to be a common thread amongst all kinds of prebiotic investigations, and this Review aims to bring attention to a few selected examples. Some important historical studies and modern developments with respect to prebiotic chemistry are summarised through the lens of radical chemistry.
Taking offence at the (un)said:Towards a more radical contextualist approach
Authors: Parvaresh Vahid , Tayebi Tahmineh 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMany researchers in impoliteness studies have set themselves the task of determining, amongst other things, (i) what linguistic or non-linguistic phenomena can cause offence, and (ii) why people take offence. However, the reality of interaction clearly shows that, on many occasions, there appears to be a marked dissonance between the speaker and hearer in their evaluations of offensive language, even in locally situated interaction. More research is therefore needed to account for and explain why and how the hearer assigns a particularly offensive meaning to an utterance during the course of an interaction. With this aim, and by drawing on insight from what is referred to as “radical contextualism”, in this study we discuss the possibility of looking at how interactants can arrive at their own (subjective) evaluations of impoliteness in ways that do not match up with the alleged intentions of the so-called offender. Drawing on a number of exchanges that involve such instances of taking offence, we will argue that the taking of offence should best be viewed as a process over which the hearer has a more active control. Accordingly, the paper contributes to current attempts at explaining the variability involved in the taking of offence.
Mechanism of Acidification that Progresses in Library Collections of Books Made of Alkaline Paper
Authors: Mochizuki Yukinko , Itsumura Hiroshi , Enomae Toshiharu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Acidification mechanisms of paper were examined, studying 120 pairs of identical copies of books published from 1971 to 2010 housed in two Japanese university libraries. The pH at the edges of the alkaline paper lowered from 7.5 to 6.4 after 5–10 years and to 5.8 after 10–15 years after publication. The pH bottomed at 5.4 at the edges and at 7.0 in the centre of the sheet. Acid paper showed higher pH at the edges than in the centre of the sheet. The edge pH of the alkaline paper of books stored on an above-ground floor was lower due to more exposure to incoming open air with pollutants compared to paper stored in the basement. Elemental analysis suggested nitrogen oxide deposition, but could not prove sulphur oxide deposition at the edges of the paper. The position-dependent acidification is presumed to relate to the deposition tendency of air pollutants contained in open air, and accordingly the edge pH dropped dramatically. In the 1980s, alkaline paper was increasingly used in the production of books, and it was assumed that no more book acidification was to occur; however, this study concludes that even in alkaline paper, acidification processes will take place over time.
On Shadow Banking and Financial Frictions in DSGE Modeling
Authors: Kirchner Philipp 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAt the forefront of macroeconomic research on the causes of the Great Financial Crisis (GFC) was and still is the usage of dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models. To capture the nonlinearities of the GFC, these models were enriched with a variety of financial frictions. This paper focuses on a special subset of these frictions, the shadow banking system. We provide a structured review of the strand of literature that considers shadow banking in DSGE setups and draw particular attention to the modeling approach as well as impact of shadow banking. Our analysis allows the following conclusions: firstly, models featuring shadow banking are better able to simulate realistic movements in the business cycle that are of comparable magnitude to the GFC. Secondly, the models consider amplification channels between the financial sector and the real economy that proved to be of importance during the crisis. Thirdly, the models display a good explanatory power of financial stability measures in the light of shadow banking.
Soziales Trauma, Flucht und epistemisches Vertrauen
Authors: Hamburger Andreas 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag beschreibt die Anwendung der Theorie des sozialen Traumas in Verbindung mit der Mentalisierungstheorie auf die Thematik der erzwungenen Migration. Im Mittelpunkt der Überlegungen steht die Frage, ob und woraus Geflüchtete ihr epistemisches Vertrauen in die Sinnhaftigkeit und Zuverlässigkeit der Welt beziehen bzw. auf welcher Basis sie erschüttertes Vertrauen wieder aufbauen. Beschrieben wird neben den Hintergründen der psychologischen Auswirkungen von Zwangsmigration auch der sozialpsychologische Kontext, insbesondere im Zusammenspiel von sozialen Traumata der Geflüchteten in ihrer Wechselwirkung mit den sozialtraumatischen Hintergründen der Gesellschaften, denen die Geflüchteten in ihren Durchgangs- und Zielländern begegnen. Die Betrachtung dieser sozialtraumatischen Wechselwirkung hat Einfluss auf das Verständnis und den Umgang mit xenophoben Reflexen.
Spinal epidural lipomatosis: a rare association of Cushing’s disease
Authors: Ahmad Sajjad , Best Thomas , Lansdown Andrew , Hayhurst Caroline , Smeeton Fiona , Davies Steve , Rees Aled 
Published: October 2020

Summary
Excess cortisol is associated with hypertrophy and redistribution of adipose tissue leading to central obesity which is classically seen in Cushing’s syndrome. Abnormal accumulation of fatty tissue in the spinal canal is most commonly associated with chronic steroid therapy and rarely reported with endogenous Cushing’s syndrome. Herein, we describe a case of spinal epidural lipomatosis (SEL) associated with Cushing’s disease. A 17-year-old man was referred with lower limb weakness, weight gain, multiple stretch marks, back pain and loss of height. He had clinical and biochemical features of Cushing’s syndrome. MRI and Inferior Petrosal Sinus Sampling (IPSS) confirmed a pituitary adenoma as the source. On day 1 post trans-sphenoidal adenectomy he developed spastic paraparesis with a sensory deficit to the level of T5. MRI spine showed increased fat deposition in the spinal canal from T2 to T9 consistent with a diagnosis of SEL. He was managed conservatively and made a good recovery following restoration of eucortisolism and a period of rehabilitation.

Learning points:

SEL is a serious complication of glucocorticoid excess and should be considered in any patient presenting with new lower limb neurological symptoms associated with hypercortisolism.

It is important to distinguish symptomatic SEL from cortisol-induced proximal myopathy by good history and clinical examination.

MRI of the spine is the gold standard investigation for making a diagnosis of SEL.

Restoration of eucortisolism can lead to resolution of fat accumulation and good neurological outcome.