bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraventricular hemodynamics in pediatric patients with single right ventricles reveal deteriorated washout and low vortex formation times: An in silico study
Authors: Grünwald Anna , Korte Jana , Wilmanns Nadja , Winkler Christian , Linden Katharina , Herberg Ulrike , Groß-Hardt Sascha , Steinseifer Ulrich , Neidlin Michael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe congenital heart disease univentricular heart (UVH) occurs with an incidence of 0.04-0.5% in newborns and is often treated with the Fontan procedure. In this intervention, the cardiac circulation is transformed into a singular circulation with only one ventricular chamber pumping.Hemodynamics the singular ventricle is a major research topic in cardiology and there exists a relationship between fluid dynamical features and cardiac behavior in health and disease. By visualizing the flow using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models, an option is created to investigate the flow in patient-specific geometries.CFD simulation of the pathological single right ventricle in contrast to the healthy left ventricle is the research object of the present work. The aim is the numerical comparison of the intraventricular flow within the ventricles. Based on this, flow formation in different anatomies of the ventricles is investigated.Patient-specific measurements of ventricles from three-dimensional real-time echocardiographic images served as the basis for the simulations with five single right ventricle (SRV) patients and two subjects with healthy left hearts (LV) investigated. Interpolation of these data reproduced the shape and continuous motion of the heart during a cardiac cycle. This motion was implemented into a CFD model with a moving mesh methodology. For comparison of the ventricles, the vortex formation as well as the occurring turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and washout were evaluated. Vortex formation was assessed using the dimensionless vortex formation time (VFT).The results show significantly lower values for the VFT and the TKE in SRV patients than for the compared LV Patients. Furthermore, vortex formation does not progress to the apex in SRV patients. These findings were confirmed by a significantly lower washout in SRV patients.Flow simulation within the moving ventricle provides the possibility of more detailed analysis of the ventricular function. Simulation results show altered vortex formation and reduced washout of SRV in comparison to healthy LV. This information could provide important information for the planning and treatment of Fontan patients.
“I was discriminated against because I was seen as PRC‐Chinese”: The negotiation between ethnicity and nationalism among Taiwanese migrants in Australia
Authors: Li Yao‐Tai 
Published: December 2020

AbstractResearch on race and ethnicity has focused on conditions under which solidarity will be developed to consolidate collective benefits. For example, facing racial discrimination can bring large‐scale affiliations (e.g., people of color, Latinos, or Asians) to fight against racial injustice. Focusing on the negotiation and struggle between ethnicity and nationalism among Taiwanese migrants in Australia—a politicizing context associated with a prior definition of Chinese category, despite inherent differences within it, this article shows the complexity of ethnicity when ethnic identity/solidarity intersects with nationalism and racial discrimination. I argue that Taiwanese migrants attach specific meanings to the ethnic (Chinese) category and constantly connect to and shift its boundaries in different contexts. Meanwhile, they also make a distinction between racial discrimination from white Australians and political hostility from PRC‐Chinese. This article proposes a procedural and contextual understanding of ethnic identity, solidarity, nationalism, and boundary making/unmaking within the Chinese category as it is enacted in Taiwanese migrants' everyday lives. It also examines situational variability in the salience of ethnic identifications, racialization of the ethnic category, and people's interpretation of ethnic and national identity when facing racial discrimination.
Avocado Production: Water Footprint and Socio‐economic Implications
Authors: Sommaruga Ruben , Eldridge Honor May 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThe market for avocados is among the fastest expanding markets worldwide, and consumption, particularly in North America and Europe, has increased during recent decades due largely to a combination of socio‐economic and marketing factors. Avocado production, however, is associated with significant water conflicts, stresses and hot spots, as well as with other negative environmental and socio‐economic impacts on local communities in the main production zones. In considering near‐future climatic change in tropical and subtropical areas where avocados are produced, an urgent road map is needed to avoid and mitigate negative effects of avocado production. This road map needs to bring authorities and policymakers together with large and small producers from areas with present and projected future water scarcity to evaluate the critical capacity and optimal levels of avocado production. The EU as one of the most important markets for this fruit could facilitate and support such a road map and at the same time critically promote imports from countries and regions where current and future severe water risk are not further threatened. Finally, consumer behaviour can contribute to minimising negative effects by making a conscious effort to engage in ethical consumption and environmental conservation, contributing to the sustainability of communities in producing areas.
Chromosome‐level genome assembly of the aphid parasitoid Aphidius gifuensis using Oxford Nanopore sequencing and Hi‐C technology
Authors: Li Bingyan , Du Zhenyong , Tian Li , Zhang Limeng , Huang Zhihua , Wei Shujun , Song Fan , Cai Wanzhi , Yu Yanbi , Yang Hailin , Li Hu 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTAphidius gifuensis is a parasitoid wasp that has been commercially bred and released in large scale as a biocontrol agent for the management of aphid pests. As a highly efficient endoparasitoid, it is also an important model for exploring mechanisms of parasitism. Currently, artificially bred populations of this wasp are facing rapid decline with undetermined cause, and mechanisms underlying its parasitoid strategy remain poorly understood. Exploring the mechanism behind its population decline and the host–parasitoid relationship is impeded partly due to the lack of a comprehensive genome data for this species. In this study, we constructed a high‐quality reference genome of A. gifuensis using Oxford Nanopore sequencing and Hi‐C (proximity ligation chromatin conformation capture) technology. The final genomic assembly was 156.9 Mb, with a contig N50 length of 3.93 Mb, the longest contig length of 10.4 Mb and 28.89% repetitive sequences. 99.8% of genome sequences were anchored onto six linkage groups. A total of 11,535 genes were predicted, of which 90.53% were functionally annotated. Benchmarking Universal Single‐Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) analysis showed the completeness of assembled genome is 98.3%. We found significantly expanded gene families involved in metabolic processes, transmembrane transport, cell signal communication and oxidoreductase activity, in particular ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporter, Cytochrome P450 and venom proteins. The olfactory receptors (ORs) showed significant contraction, which may be associated with the decrease in host recognition. Our study provides a solid foundation for future studies on the molecular mechanisms of population decline as well as host–parasitoid relationship for parasitoid wasps.
Adverse maternal and perinatal pregnancy outcomes related to very advanced maternal age in primigravida and multigravida in the Netherlands: A population‐based cohort
Authors: Rademaker Doortje , Hukkelhoven Chantal W. P. M. , van Pampus Maria G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe age at which women give birth is rising steadily in the western world. Advanced maternal age has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. We assessed the association between advanced maternal age and the risk of adverse maternal and perinatal outcome in primigravid and multigravid women.Material and methodsThe study was a population‐based cohort study and included women giving birth between January 2000 and December 2018 using data from the Dutch perinatal registration of Perined. Women were divided into age groups. We compared outcomes between women of 40‐44, 45‐49, and over 50 years old (the study groups) with women of 25‐29 years old (reference group), stratified for parity. We employed multivariable regression to correct for possible confounders including methods of conception, multiple pregnancies, ethnicity, and socio‐economic status. Our primary outcomes were maternal and perinatal mortality. Secondary outcomes included common maternal and perinatal complications, as well as cesarean section rate.ResultsA cohort of 3 700 326 women gave birth during the study period. Of these women, 3.2% were above 40 years of age. Maternal mortality was rare in all groups, but significantly higher in multigravid women over 50 years old. Perinatal mortality was significantly higher in all pregnancies of women over 40 years old, but not for primigravida over 50 years old. The most notable results with the steepest increase were in maternal complications. Both primigravida and multigravida over 40 years old were at a two times higher risk of perinatal mortality, cesarean section, gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders, and a low Apgar score after 5 minutes. The risk for women over 45 was almost tripled for perinatal mortality and gestational diabetes and six times higher for cesarean section. Women over 50 years old had a seven times higher risk of cesarean section, a four times higher risk of gestational diabetes, postpartum hemorrhage, and neonatal intensive care unit admission, and a 10 times higher risk of hypertensive disorders.ConclusionsThe risk of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes for women over 40 years old surges as age increases. A novel aspect was the consistent increased risks not only for primigravid women but also for multigravida.
An increase in dietary lipid content from different forms of double‐low rapeseed reduces enteric methane emission in Datong yaks on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhang Qunying , Degen Allan , Hao Lizhuang , Huang Yayu , Niu Jianzhang , Wang Xun , Chai Shatuo , Liu Shujie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEnteric methane (CH4) emission in cattle generally decreases by approximately 1 g/g dry matter intake (DMI) with an increase in dietary lipids of 10 g/kg dry matter (DM). The effect of dietary lipids on CH4 emission in yaks has not been reported and is the subject of this study. Four Datong yaks were used in a 4 × 4 Latin‐square design in which the four treatments included restricted intakes of double‐low rapeseed differing in form and lipid (ether extract—EE) content: (a) rapeseed meal (EE 32.6 g/kg DM); (b) rapeseed meal and rapeseed cake (EE 45.8 g/kg DM); (c) rapeseed meal and whole cracked rapeseed (EE 54.5 g/kg DM) and (d) rapeseed meal and rapeseed oil (EE 62.7 g/kg DM). The digestibility of feed components did not differ among treatments. The ruminal total volatile fatty acids (p = .082) and acetic acid (p = .062) concentrations tended to be lowest in yaks consuming the diet with highest lipid content. In addition, CH4 production was lowest in this group (p = .004), and declined by 1.75 g/g DMI per 10 g/kg DM reduction in dietary lipid content, a rate substantially faster than in cattle.
Assessment of reproductive and growth performance of pigs on commercial swine farms in southern Kyushu, Japan
Authors: Sasaki Yosuke , Kawabata Tadahiro , Nakatake Shingo , Kohigashi Tomoya , Toya Ryohei , Uemura Ryoko , Sueyoshi Masuo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to assess the productivity of pigs to investigate the time‐dependent change in productivity and compare productivity according to breeding company group and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) status on commercial swine farms in southern Kyushu, Japan. Data used in the present study were 245 annual productivity records from 2014 to 2018 obtained from 72 farms. Average sow inventory was 481.2 sows. Mean numbers of pigs weaned per sow per year and market pigs sold per sow per year were 23.7 and 21.6, respectively. Pigs born alive per litter increased from 11.1 to 11.9 pigs from 2014 to 2018 (p < .05). Farms using domestic breeding companies had similar numbers in 2016 to those using international breeding companies, but fewer pigs in 2014, 2015, 2017, and 2018 (p < .05). Farms with an unknown or unstable PRRS status had fewer pigs born alive per litter and pigs weaned per sow per year than those with stable or negative PRRS statuses (11.2 ± 0.06 vs. 11.8 ± 0.08 pigs and 22.6 ± 0.38 vs. 25.0 ± 0.22 pigs, respectively;p < .05). These results can be used to establish feasible targets and standards of performance to identify problem areas and improve production.
Exploring the effects of gamification pedagogy on children’s reading: A mixed‐method study on academic performance, reading‐related mentality and behaviors, and sustainability
Authors: Li Xiuhan , Chu Samuel Kai Wah 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGamification is becoming increasingly popular in primary education due to the widespread use of digital technology. However, gamified reading is new, and there is little empirical evidence regarding its effectiveness. The sustainability of the effects of gamification pedagogy is also in doubt as some scholars think that such effects are short‐term and not sustainable. This paper presents the results of three sub‐studies of examining the effects of an online gamified reading platform and the sustainability of these effects. Study 1 examined the change in students’ academic performance between two groups divided based on their different participation levels. Study 2 addressed the question of how students/parents/teachers perceive students’ motivation and gaining in the use of the gamified platform. Study 3 explored the sustainability of the effects of the gamified platform from a longitudinal perspective. Findings suggest that students’ deep engagement in the gamified e‐learning platform can help increase their reading motivation and improve their reading abilities. Such effects can be sustained for several semesters.
Practitioner NotesWhat is already known about this topic

Reading is very important for children’s development. However, the ubiquity of digital entertainment (eg, digital games & online videos) occupies children’s attention and energy, resulting in a decline in children’s reading motivation.
At present, gamification has been widely used in e‐learning to increase learners’ learning motivation and engagement.
Few studies have focused on children’s gamified reading supported by sufficient empirical evidence.
What this paper adds

This study proposes a gamification pedagogy with a gamified reading platform to facilitate primary students’ reading motivation and competence.
This study uses a mixed‐method approach to examine the effects of the proposed gamification pedagogy on students’ reading interest, motivation, habits and abilities.
This study explores the sustainability of the gamified platform effects and fills the research gap regarding the sustainability of gamification pedagogy.
Implications for practice and/or policy

Active users of the gamified reading platform benefit from it in reading interest, motivation, habits, and abilities.
The effects of gamification pedagogy can be sustainable when users’ intrinsic learning motivation is aroused.
Progress on the role of extrachromosomal DNA in tumor pathogenesis and evolution
Authors: Xing Jichen , Ning Qian , Tang Diya , Mo Zhongcheng , Lei Xiaoyong , Tang Shengsong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe amplification of oncogenes on extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) provides a new mechanism for cancer cells to adapt to the changes in the tumor microenvironment and accelerate tumor evolution. These extrachromosomal elements contain oncogenes, and their chromatin structures are more open than linear chromosomes and therefore have stronger oncogene transcriptional activity. ecDNA always contains enhancer elements, and genes on ecDNA can be reintegrated into the linear genome to regulate the selective expression of genes. ecDNA lacks centromeres, and the inheritance from the parent cell to the daughter cell is uneven. This non‐Mendelian genetic mechanism results in the increase of tumor heterogeneity with daughter cells that can gain a competitive advantage through a large number of copies of oncogenes. ecDNA promotes tumor invasiveness and provides a mechanism for drug resistance associated with poorer survival outcomes. Recent studies have demonstrated that the overall proportion of ecDNA in tumors is approximately 40%. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of ecDNA in the field of tumorigenesis and development.
Biallelic mutations of CFAP58 are associated with multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella
Authors: Sha Yankun , Sha Yanwei , Liu Wensheng , Zhu Xingshen , Weng Mingxiang , Zhang Xinzong , Wang Yifeng , Zhou Huiliang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMultiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF) is a severe type of teratozoospermia. In this study, whole‐exome sequencing was conducted on 55 patients with MMAF, and biallelic mutations of CFAP58 were identified in two patients. The variants are rare and pathogenic, and CFAP58 was absent in the CFAP58‐mutated sperm. The F037/II:1 couple benefited from intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). This study further indicated that CFAP58 is a pathogenic gene associated with MMAF and ICSI is an effective treatment.
Are changes in binge drinking among European adolescents driven by changes in computer gaming?
Authors: Halkjelsvik Torleif , Brunborg Geir S. , Bye Elin K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionThere is currently no good explanation for the decline in adolescent drinking reported for many Western countries in recent years. As modern computer gaming is highly exciting and socially rewarding, it may function as a substitute for adolescent binge drinking. We hypothesized a negative correlation between country‐level changes in computer gaming and binge drinking.MethodsWe analysed within‐country changes based on data from 15–16 year‐old pupils (n = 517 794) participating in the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Drugs from 1995 to 2015. Binge drinking in the last 30 days (5+ units on one occasion) was regressed on frequency of computer gaming and three control variables measuring the frequency of engagement in other hobbies, reading books and going out (to a disco, cafe, etc.).ResultsDescriptive data showed no general decline in binge drinking across European countries. In contrast to our prediction, the association between binge drinking and computer gaming was not negative [b = 0.26, one‐sided 95% confidence interval (−∞, 0.47), P = 0.98, Bayes Factor = 0.21]. We found the same pattern of result in a secondary analysis on six Nordic countries that have experienced declines in adolescent drinking recent years. In analyses with covariates reflecting engagement in other activities, we only observed statistical evidence for an effect of going out.Discussion and ConclusionsA substantial decline in adolescent binge drinking during the years 1995–2015 is only evident in some European countries, and it is likely not caused by increased computer gaming.
Increased cannibalism in Colorado potato beetles feeding on non‐preferred host plants in laboratory
Authors: Alyokhin Andrei , Baron Nicholas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractColorado potato beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata(Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is an oligophagous herbivore that feeds on several plant species in the family Solanaceae. Cannibalism is common in this species and accounts for a significant part of natural field mortality. We investigated effects of feeding on potato (Solanum tuberosumL., preferred host), tomato (Solanum lycopersicumL., non‐preferred host), and pothos [Epipremnum aureum(Linden & André) Bunting (Araceae), non‐host] leaves on the incidence of adult Colorado potato beetles predating each other. After 48 h of confinement in laboratory arenas, significantly higher cannibalism was observed in the absence of host vegetation than in the presence of either potato or tomato leaves. After 72 h, more beetles were attacked when kept on tomato leaves than on potato leaves. Being confined on non‐host pothos leaves led to higher cannibalism compared to either species of host plant. However, its incidence was lower compared to the no‐leaf treatment, probably because pothos leaves served as a source of water. Our results suggest that adult cannibalism in the Colorado potato beetle may be triggered by a relatively mild adversity, but its extent increases as conditions deteriorate.
An upgrade of the Malmö model by implementing case‐based teaching and learning, in an undergraduate dental education
Authors: Lundegren Nina , Jönsson Anders , Lindberg Pia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAt our dental education, the examination failure rate amongst students has increased, resulting in subsequent involuntary dropouts. One of the main problems seems to be that the students struggle with taking the necessary responsibility for their learning, as required by the problem‐based learning (PBL) methodology.AimTo describe the background to, and the transition process from, pure PBL to case‐based teaching and learning (CBT) with flipped classroom seminars at the dental programme at [anonymised for peer review].MethodsIn this position paper, we describe our observed problems with the PBL methodology, as implemented at this faculty, and the potential benefits of a change towards CBT. The current implementation of CBT is presented, along with educational research supporting the choice of activities.ResultsTentative findings are that the flipped classroom seminars and the clearer instructions appear to be successful with higher levels of activity, engagement and attendance amongst the students, and the students have evaluated the seminars as very good learning activities.ConclusionTentative findings suggest that the current implementation of CBT may be a fruitful way of teaching in dental education today. Most of the teaching staff have been reawakened to teaching, and as a result, the content of the courses are being reviewed and improved. The students appreciate that what is expected of them has been made clearer and that there is a variety of learning activities.
Synchronous effects produce cycles in deer populations and deer‐vehicle collisions
Authors: Anderson Thomas L. , Sheppard Lawrence W. , Walter Jonathan A. , Rolley Robert E. , Reuman Daniel C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPopulation cycles are fundamentally linked with spatial synchrony, the prevailing paradigm being that populations with cyclic dynamics are easily synchronised. That is, population cycles help give rise to spatial synchrony. Here we demonstrate this process can work in reverse, with synchrony causing population cycles. We show that timescale‐specific environmental effects, by synchronising local population dynamics on certain timescales only, cause major population cycles over large areas in white‐tailed deer. An important aspect of the new mechanism is specificity of synchronising effects to certain timescales, which causes local dynamics to sum across space to a substantial cycle on those timescales. We also demonstrate, to our knowledge for the first time, that synchrony can be transmitted not only from environmental drivers to populations (deer), but also from there to human systems (deer‐vehicle collisions). Because synchrony of drivers may be altered by climate change, changes to population cycles may arise via our mechanism.