bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatores preditivos de hemotransfusão após artroplastia total de joelho
Authors: Mozella Alan de Paula , Cobra Hugo Alexandre de Araújo Barros , Duarte Maria Eugênia Leite 
Published: November 2020

Resumo
Objetivos O presente estudo tem como objetivos (1) verificar a incidência e o volume de transfusão sanguínea entre os pacientes submetidos à artroplastia total do joelho (ATJ) unilateral cimentada em um único centro de referência nacional; (2) identificar variáveis pré e perioperatórias que nos permitam identificar os indivíduos sob maior risco (fatores preditores) quanto à necessidade de transfusão sanguínea nas 48 horas subsequentes à realização da cirurgia; (3) estimar o risco de transfusão sanguínea durante as primeiras 48 horas após o procedimento.
Métodos A amostra inicial foi constituída por todos os pacientes submetidos à ATJ entre agosto de 2010 e agosto de 2013. Após aplicação dos critérios de exclusão, permaneceram no estudo 234 pacientes com idade entre 30 e 83 anos, portadores de osteaoartrose primária ou secundária a artrite reumatoide.
Resultados A análise dos resultados mostrou que valores de hemoglobina pré-operatória ≤ 12,3 g/dL e tempo de isquemia ≥ 87 minutos são preditores independentes para hemotransfusão após ATJ, com risco relativo de 2,48 e 1,78, respectivamente. Aproximadamente metade dos pacientes (51,3%) submetidos a ATJ com essas duas variáveis necessitaram de hemotransfusão.
Conclusão A incidência de transfusão sanguínea após ATJ foi de 33,7%. Em média, cada paciente foi transfundido com 480 mL de concentrado de hemácias. Concentração de hemoglobina pré-operatória ≤ 12,3 g/dL (p < 0,001) e tempo de isquemia ≥ 87 minutos (p < 0,047) foram preditores independentes para hemotransfusão em ATJ sob uso de manguito pneumático, com risco relativo de 2,48 e 1,78, respectivamente. A idade, o gênero, diagnóstico ou índice de massa corporal não foram considerados preditores independentes para a necessidade de hemotransfusão até 48 horas após o procedimento de artroplastia.
Code Blue Events in the Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Units at a Tertiary Care Children's Hospital
Authors: Groden Catherine M. , Cabacungan Erwin T. , Gupta Ruby 
Published: November 2020

Objective The authors aim to compare all code blue events, regardless of the need for chest compressions, in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) versus the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). We hypothesize that code events in the two units differ, reflecting different disease processes.
Study Design This is a retrospective analysis of 107 code events using the code narrator, which is an electronic medical record of real-time code documentation, from April 2018 to March 2019. Events were divided into two groups, NICU and PICU. Neonatal resuscitation program algorithm was used for NICU events and a pediatric advanced life-support algorithm was used for PICU events. Events and outcomes were compared using univariate analysis. The Mann–Whitney test and linear regressions were done to compare the total code duration, time from the start of code to airway insertion, and time from airway insertion to end of code event.
Results In the PICU, there were almost four times more code blue events per month and more likely to involve patients with seizures and no chronic condition. NICU events more often involved ventilated patients and those under 2 months of age. The median code duration for NICU events was 2.5 times shorter than for PICU events (11.5 vs. 29 minutes), even when adjusted for patient characteristics. Survival to discharge was not different in the two groups.
Conclusion Our study suggests that NICU code events as compared with PICU code events are more likely to be driven by airway problems, involve patients <2 months of age, and resolve quickly once airway is taken care of. This supports the use of a ventilation-focused neonatal resuscitation program for patients in the NICU.
Key Points
On the standard conjecture for projective compactifications of Néron models of

-dimensional Abelian varieties
Authors: Tankeev S. G. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We prove that the Grothendieck standard conjecture of Lefschetz type holds for a smooth complex projective

-dimensional variety

fibred by Abelian varieties (possibly, with degeneracies) over a smooth projective curve if the endomorphism ring

of the generic geometric fibre is not an order of an imaginary quadratic field. This condition holds automatically in the cases when the reduction of the generic scheme fibre

at some place of the curve is semistable in the sense of Grothendieck and has odd toric rank or the generic geometric fibre is not a simple Abelian variety.
Solubility of unsteady equations of the three-dimensional motion of two-component viscous compressible heat-conducting fluids
Authors: Mamontov A. E. , Prokudin D. A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We consider equations for the three-dimensional unsteady motion of mixtures of viscous compressible heat-conducting fluids in the multi-velocity approach. We prove the existence, globally in time and the input data, of a generalized (dissipative) solution of the initial-boundary value problem corresponding to flows in a bounded domain.
Investigation of the weak solubility of the fractional Voigt alpha-model
Authors: Zvyagin A. V. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper is devoted to investigating the weak solubility of the alpha-model for a fractional viscoelastic Voigt medium. The model involves the Voigt rheological relation with a left Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative, which accounts for the medium’s memory. The memory is considered along the trajectories of fluid particles determined by the velocity field. Since the velocity field is not smooth enough to uniquely determine the trajectories for every initial value, we introduce weak solutions of this problem using regular Lagrangian flows. On the basis of the approximation-topological approach to the study of hydrodynamical problems, we prove the existence of weak solutions of the alpha-model and establish the convergence of solutions of the alpha-model to solutions of the original model as the parametertends to zero.
Criteria for

-approximability of functions on compact sets in

,

, by solutions of second-order homogeneous elliptic equations
Authors: Paramonov P. V. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We obtain capacitive criteria for the approximability of individual functions by solutions of second-order homogeneous elliptic equations with constant complex coefficients in the norm of a Whitney-type

-space on a compact set in

,

. The case

was studied in a recent paper by the author and Tolsa. For

-approximations by harmonic functions (with any

), weaker criteria were earlier found by the author. We establish some metric properties of the capacities considered.
Adjunction in 2-categories
Authors: Kaledin D. B. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The aim of the paper is to introduce an approach to the theory of 2-categories which is based on systematic use of the Grothendieck construction and the Segal Machine and to show how adjunction questions can be investigated by means of this approach and what its connections are with more traditional approaches. As an application, the derived Morita 2-category and the Fourier–Mukai 2-category over a Noetherian ring are constructed and the embedding of the latter in the former is demonstrated.
Bibliography: 15 titles.
Necessary and sufficient conditions for extending a function to a Schur function
Authors: Buslaev V. I. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A criterion for a function given by its values (with multiplicities) at a sequence of points in the disc

to extend to a holomorphic function in

with modulus at most

is stated and proved. In the case when the function is defined by the values of its derivatives at

, this coincides with Schur’s well-known criterion.
Bibliography: 16 titles.
The rise of angiosperms pushed conifers to decline during global cooling
Authors: Condamine Fabien L. , Silvestro Daniele , Koppelhus Eva B. , Antonelli Alexandre 
Published: November 2020

SignificanceCompetition for common resources can make some species groups thrive and others decline. Flowering plants rose to dominance between 125 and 80 Ma, undergoing an explosive radiation that is believed to have impacted long-established plant groups like gymnosperms. Here, we show that the decline of conifers is strongly and directly linked to the increasing diversity of flowering plants. Both the fossil record and molecular data converge in clarifying the effects of abiotic or biotic factors on the speciation and extinction rates of conifers. These results imply that long-term biological interactions through clade competition can play a more important role in the rise and demise of major organism groups than mass extinctions.
Systematic integrated analysis of genetic and epigenetic variation in diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Sheng Xin , Qiu Chengxiang , Liu Hongbo , Gluck Caroline , Hsu Jesse Y. , He Jiang , Hsu Chi-yuan , Sha Daohang , Weir Matthew R. , Isakova Tamara , Raj Dominic , Rincon-Choles Hernan , Feldman Harold I. , Townsend Raymond , Li Hongzhe , Susztak Katalin 
Published: November 2020

Significance
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common cause of chronic and end-stage renal failure in the world. In a genetically susceptible host, poor metabolic control contributes to DKD development. The epigenome integrates signals from sequence variations and environmental alterations. We performed genome-wide DNA methylation association analysis in one of the best-characterized kidney disease cohorts: The Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study. Complex computational integration analysis indicated the key role of genetic variations in DNA methylation. Our analysis highlighted loci, where methylation and gene-expression changes likely mediate the genotype effect on kidney disease development. Functional annotation of high-confidence genes suggested the causal role of inflammation, specifically, complement activation and apoptotic cell clearance in kidney disease development.
Outdoor air pollution in India is not only an urban problem
Authors: Ravishankara A. R. , David Liji M. , Pierce Jeffrey R. , Venkataraman Chandra 
Published: November 2020

Significance
The pollution in major cities in India is immense, and they are in the news often. In general, air pollution is viewed as an urban problem. Here, we show that outdoor air pollution due to particulate matter is just as harmful in nonurban (rural) areas as in urban areas in India based on satellite data and calculated health impacts. This finding has a far-reaching impact on how pollution is viewed in India and other developing countries. It is also very timely given that India, and countries like India, are turning attention to addressing air pollution, and they need to be aware of this vast issue.
Early life of Neanderthals
Authors: Nava Alessia , Lugli Federico , Romandini Matteo , Badino Federica , Evans David , Helbling Angela H. , Oxilia Gregorio , Arrighi Simona , Bortolini Eugenio , Delpiano Davide , Duches Rossella , Figus Carla , Livraghi Alessandra , Marciani Giulia , Silvestrini Sara , Cipriani Anna , Giovanardi Tommaso , Pini Roberta , Tuniz Claudio , Bernardini Federico , Dori Irene , Coppa Alfredo , Cristiani Emanuela , Dean Christopher , Bondioli Luca , Peresani Marco , Müller Wolfgang , Benazzi Stefano 
Published: November 2020

Significance
The extent to which Neanderthals differ from us is the focus of many studies in human evolution. There is debate about their pace of growth and early-life metabolic constraints, both of which are still poorly understood. Here we use chemical and isotopic patterns in tandem with enamel growth rates of three Neanderthal milk teeth from northeastern Italy to explore the early life of these individuals. Our study shows that these Neanderthals started to wean children at 5 to 6 months, akin to modern humans, implying similar energy demands during early infancy. Dental growth rates confirm this and follow trajectories comparable with modern humans. Contrary to previous evidence, we suggest that differences in weaning age did not contribute to Neanderthals’ demise.
The inhibition of LSD1 via sequestration contributes to tau-mediated neurodegeneration
Authors: Engstrom Amanda K. , Walker Alicia C. , Moudgal Rohitha A. , Myrick Dexter A. , Kyle Stephanie M. , Bai Yu , Rowley M. Jordan , Katz David J. 
Published: November 2020

Significance
We have made the discovery that pathological tau functions through the histone demethylase LSD1 in the Alzheimer’s disease pathway. Thus, we have identified a mechanism that links tau to the downstream neuronal dysfunction pathways. This step can potentially be targeted therapeutically, after the onset of dementia symptoms, to block the progression of dementia in Alzheimer’s disease patients.
The evolution of altruism and the serial rediscovery of the role of relatedness
Authors: Kay Tomas , Keller Laurent , Lehmann Laurent 
Published: November 2020

SignificanceThe canonical explanation for the evolution of altruism (“kin selection”)—which was mathematically derived in the 1960s by W. D. Hamilton—emphasizes the importance of genetic relatedness. Over the past three decades, numerous authors claim to have discovered alternative explanations. We systematically analyze the models substantiating these claims and reveal that in every model the interacting individuals are genetically related and that the authors have therefore unwittingly rediscovered Hamilton’s insight.
Numerical study of evaporative cooling in the space station
Authors: Fan Bo , Zhao Luheng , Zhang Yin , Sun Jingxin , Xiong Wei , Chen Jinqiang , Chen Xuzong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we numerically studied the effects of mechanical vibration and magnetic fields on evaporative cooling process carried in space station by direct simulation Monte Carlo method. Simulated with the vibration data of international space station, we found that the cooling process would suffer great atomic losses until the accelerations reduced tenfold at least. In addition, if we enlarge the s-wave scattering length five times by feshbach resonance, the phase space density increased to 50 compared to 3 of no magnetic fields situation after 5 s evaporative cooling. We also simulated the two stages crossed beam evaporative cooling process under both physical impacts and obtain 4 × 105
85Rb atoms with a temperature of 8 pK. These results are of significance to the cold atom experiments carried out on space station in the future.
Arc fault power balance in AC and DC electrical aeronautic networks: influence of pressure and cable material
Authors: Vazquez T , Teulet P , Valensi F , Risacher A , Masquère M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A systematic study of arc faulting between two cables in aeronautic conditions is performed and a power balance of the arc is realized. Electrical characteristics and radiative heat flux are recorded. The effect of the current mode (AC/DC), cable material and pressure is highlighted with the assessment of the power balance, which includes the mean power of the arc, power transferred to the cables that can cause melting and vaporization, and the power lost by radiation, conduction and convection in the arc column. The evaporated mass of the cables can be estimated in this way. Optical emission spectroscopy measurements of the induced plasma are performed rendering the overall temperature of the arc using a Boltzmann plot method. The overall temperature is higher for copper-contaminated plasma than for aluminium-contaminated plasma. Despite the erratic behaviour of the plasma, the trend shows that the DC as well as the use of lighter aluminium-based cables lead to higher power.
Role of thermionic emission in the formation of negative electric potential and oscillations in low pressure discharges
Authors: Volkov L S , Babaeva N Yu , Antonov N N 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the results from the two-dimensional computational investigation of the role of thermionic cathode emission in the formation of the negative (reverse) potential near the emissive cathode (LaB6 tablet). Two modes of discharge behavior are considered—high- and low-pressure modes. We show that the region of the negative potential (for that of the emitting cathode) is enclosed in a semi-sphere bounded by the line where the electric field changes its direction. This sheath region was distorted by the movement of the emitting points in horizontal and vertical directions. The unstable behavior of the high pressure discharge and self-excited oscillations of plasma parameters were observed. At low pressure the potential reversal and oscillations were not so pronounced.
Accidental neutron exposure in a medical setting: a case study
Authors: Ainsbury Elizabeth A , Eakins Jonathan , Güçlü İnci , Kırbaşoğlu Çiğdem , Peet Debbie , Tosun Idris 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In May 2016, a new linear accelerator (Linac) was installed at a hospital oncology department. A team of individuals supervised the installation, including a Radiation Oncologist who acted as an independent observer to the installation, calibration, beam data collection and shielding measurements. In order to ensure the shielding was correct, a licensed representative of the Turkish Atomic Energy Authority carried out formal measurements of the gamma and neutron dose rates at a variety of locations in and around the Linac facility. At 18 MV, the maximum neutron dose rate was 172 μSv h−1 and the maximum gamma dose rate was approximately 2 μSv h−1 (ambient dose equivalent in both cases), significantly higher than the expected and local background doses. As the neutron dose rates in particular were so high, it was concluded that the shielding was not sufficient, potentially due to an inadequate design. In order to rule out overexposure during the installation, biological dosimetry was carried out for a number of the individuals involved. The estimated doses were closely aligned with the doses measured using commercially available neutron dosemeters and were also within the tolerance dose ranges estimated using Monte Carlo simulations, which also supported the investigation. The results underline the need for careful planning before and after installation of new radiation exposure facilities, especially high MV Linac operation for which photo-neutrons might need to be mitigated. The results clearly indicate the importance of such checks, in addition to demonstrating the relevance of biological dosimetry supported by modelling strategies complex or unclear exposure scenarios.
Understanding radiological protection systems among diagnostic radiology facilities in Mumbai, India
Authors: Singh Thokchom Dewan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study aims to understand radiological protection systems in diagnostic radiology practices among 30 diagnostic radiology facilities in Mumbai, India. It assesses the status of radiological protection systems in the facilities, continuous professional development (CPD) of workers and their risky working behaviour and perceptions using a semi-structured questionnaire. Then, we examine the perceptions of workers when they were working in facilities without proper protection systems. We also, attempt to understand the reasons why workers engage in risky behaviour despite the availability of protective systems. In doing so, we examine the influence of CPD on their work behaviour. The study observed that about 20% of the diagnostic radiology facilities in Mumbai had lack of implementation of the regulatory requirements and establishment of radiological protection systems. Obviously, it is expected that the workers of regulated facilities would comply with regulatory requirements, and their working behaviour would be better than those of their counterparts of unregulated facilities would. However, our study observes that some workers in the regulated practices also indulge in risky working behaviour. About 30% of workers were not using personal monitoring device during work procedures. Although lead aprons were available in the facilities, about 51% of workers were not wearing it wherever required. It was observed that about 10% of workers engaged in the activities like opening the door during radiation exposure, chatting with others on mobile phone during procedure and not checking collimator light before radiation exposure etc. The factors that contributed to workers’ engagement in risky work behaviour are the non-availability of protection systems, lack of exposure to CPD, low-risk perception of workers and dearth of communication between institutes and regulator.
Mechanical properties of graphene-reinforced aluminium composite with modified substrate surface: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Liu Jun , Zhang Yingyan , Zhang Henin , Yang Jie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Due to its extraordinary properties, graphene has been widely used as reinforcing nanofillers to enhance the mechanical properties of polymer- or metal-based composites. However, the weak interfacial interaction between the matrix and graphene is still a major bottleneck that considerably hinders its reinforcing effectiveness and efficiency. This study presents an atomistic study via molecular dynamics simulation on a chemical modification strategy where the aluminium (Al) substrate is modified with Al2O3 (with or without covalent bonds formed between Al2O3 and graphene) or Al4C3 to achieve significantly improved interfacial shear strength and overall mechanical properties of graphene-reinforced aluminium (Al/Gr) composites. Numerical results show that this strategy works very well and among the three cases considered, modifying Al substrate by Al2O3 without covalent bonds formed at the interface between Al2O3 and graphene produces the strongest interfacial interaction and the best mechanical properties. In the presence of covalent bonds, however, the reinforcing effect is adversely affected due to the sp2–sp3 bond transformation which partially degrades graphene. The present work provides, for the first time, valuable insight into the role of substrate surface modification on the mechanical performance of Al/Gr nanocomposites.
Approaching ultra-low turn-on voltage in GaN lateral diode
Authors: Wang Zeheng , Yang Di , Shi Junjie , Yao Yuanzhe 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Besides the commercial success in power electronics, GaN-based devices are also considered as a promising candidate in sensors or high-frequency applications. In such applications, ultra-low turn-on voltage (V
T) is highly demanded to realize low power consumption and high sensitivity. In this paper, we approach ultra-low V
T in a novel Γ-shaped anode AlGaN/GaN Schottky barrier diode (SBD) using an ultra-thin barrier (UTB) and fluorine ions implantation (FI). Benefiting from the low-work-function anode and UTB, the proposed device exhibits ultra-low V
T that is lower than 0.1 V. Simultaneously, the trenched anode plate and FI region provide a good reverse blocking capability. According to the numerical analysis, when the fluorine ions implantation length (L
FI) is 3 μm and the fluorine ions concentration (N
FI) is

1
×

10

18

cm−3, a favorable Baliga figure-of-merits (BFOM) of 33.0 KW mm−1 can be achieved. Compared to the conventional SBD and the SBD with pure Γ-shaped anode, the proposed device experiences at least 90% enhancement of BFOM, rendering the proposed ΓF-SBD performs potential in high-power and high-frequency applications such as microwave sensing and wireless power transmission.