bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of New Bis-pyrazolines Endowed with Potent Antifungal Activity against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger
Authors: Sever Belgin , Altintop Mehlika Dilek , Özdemir Ahmet 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Due to the increasing number of cases of invasive fungal infections (IFIs),
there is an urgent need to identify potent antifungal agents capable of combating IFIs. Pyrazolines
are one such class of therapeutically active agents that could be considered to fulfill this need.

Objective:
In this context, this paper aims to identify two new series of bis-pyrazolines endowed
with potent antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger.

Methods:
Two new series of bis-pyrazolines (4a-i, 5a-e) were synthesized through an efficient and
versatile synthetic procedure. The compounds were screened for their antifungal effects on C. albicans
and A. niger using a broth microdilution method. Their cytotoxic effects on NIH/3T3 mouse
embryonic fibroblast cells were determined using MTT assay. Molecular docking studies were performed
in the active site of lanosterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) to shed light on their antifungal
effects using Schrödinger’s Maestro molecular modeling package.

Results:
5,5'-(1,4-Phenylene)bis[1-(2-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)thio)acetyl)-3-(2-thienyl)-4,5-
dihydro-1H-pyrazole] (4a) and 5,5'-(1,4-phenylene)bis[1-(2-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinylthiocarbamoyl)
thio)acetyl)-3-(2-thienyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole] (5a) were found as the most
promising antifungal agents in this series. Compounds 4a and 5a showed pronounced antifungal
activity against C. albicans (MIC= 0.016 mg/mL) and A. niger (MIC= 0.008 mg/mL). Based on
MTT assay, their antifungal effects were selective (IC50 > 0.500 mg/mL for NIH/3T3 cell line).
Molecular docking studies suggested that compounds 5a-e might show their anticandidal effects via
CYP51 inhibition in regard to their stronger interactions in the active site of CYP51.

Conclusion:
Compounds 4a and 5a stand out as potential antifungal agents for the management of
IFIs caused by C. albicans and A. niger.
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibition Potential and Some Bioactivities of the Peripherally Tetrasubstituted Cobalt(II), Titanium(IV), Manganese(III) Phthalocyanines
Authors: Karaçelik Ayça Aktaş , Küçük Murat , Efe Derya , Çakır Volkan , Bıyıklıoğlu Zekeriya 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Peripherally tetrasubstituted cobalt(II), titanium(IV), manganese(III)
phthalocyanines carrying redox-active metal centers were previously synthesized. Metallophthalocyanines
(MPcs) exhibited the potential to use in medicinal applications due to biological activities,
such as antibacterial, antioxidant and enzyme inhibition.

Objective:
This study's aim was to evaluate the previously synthesized metallophthalocyanines in
terms of carbonic anhydrase inhibition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities.

Methods:
In this study, the inhibition potential of the metallophthallocyanines against carbonic anhydrase
(CA) enzyme, which is important for treatments of many disorders, was evaluated. The
metallophthalocyanines showed high CA inhibitory activity with IC50 values in the range of 74-317
nM, which was similar or better when compared with the standard CA inhibitors sulfanilamide and
acetazolamide. In addition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities were determined. The metallophthallocyanines
exhibited moderate antibacterial activity, especially against S. aureus and S.
epidermis. The antioxidant activities of the compounds in both tests were quite high, even exceeding
the standards Trolox and BHT, with SC50 values of 0.0048-0.0257 and TEAC values of 1143.3-
1543.7 μM, being 2 to 73 fold better activity.

Results:
In this study, the inhibition potential of the metallophthallocyanines against carbonic anhydrase
(CA) enzyme, which is important for treatments of many disorders, was evaluated. The
metallophthalocyanines showed high CA inhibitory activity with IC50 values in the range of 74-317
nM, which was similar or better when compared with the standard CA inhibitors sulfanilamide and
acetazolamide. In addition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities were determined. The metallophthallocyanines
exhibited moderate antibacterial activity, especially against S. aureus and S.
epidermis. The antioxidant activities of the compounds in both tests were quite high, even exceeding
the standards Trolox and BHT, with SC50 values of 0.0048-0.0257 and TEAC values of 1143.3-
1543.7 μM, being 2 to 73 fold better activity.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, all three metallophthalocyanines exhibit excellent carbonic anhydrase
and antioxidant potential and deserve further interest for the synthesis of new derivatives.
Quality of Life Questionnaires for Children With Bronchial Asthma at Jordan University Hospital: An Observational Study
Authors: Al-Zayadneh Enas M. , Arafah Ala’ Dia-Eddin , Ibrahim Sarah Muwaffag , Glessa Maram Abdalla , Al-Iede Montaha 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Asthma is a common chronic illness worldwide. Identifying and treating
impaired health-related quality of life, is now recognized as an important component of asthma management.
A high prevalence of behavioral and emotional difficulties was noticed among children
with asthma.

Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted over 8 weeks involving 45 asthmatic
children, between the ages of 7-17 years old, presented to Jordan University Hospital in Amman,
Jordan. General demographic characteristics were collected, and two questionnaires were used:
asthma control test (ACT), and the pediatric asthma quality of life questionnaire (PAQLQ). We also
used the feeling thermometer scale, and a pulmonary function test was done for patients. SAS
Software version 9.4 USA and Pearsons coefficient were used to find associations.

Results:
Among 45 patients, 53% of the sample had poor asthma control. The mean FEV1 on lung
function testing was 80% (± 16.18) of predicted. The mean for clinical asthma scores (ACT) was
18.8 ± 4.53 (out of 25). FEV1 was significantly higher in children with good control compared to
those with a low ACT score (P-value <0.05). The mean total PAQLQ score was 5.3 ± 1.06 and it
correlated significantly with ACT score (P-value <0.001).

Conclusion:
This study highlights the association of poorly controlled asthma with a poor quality
of life. It is recommended that the quality of life of children should be assessed and observed during
clinic visits, for a better comprehensive approach and effective improvement of outcome.
Selar (Selar crumenophthalmus) Fish Protein Hydrolysate Has Antidiabetic Properties Possibly through GLP-1
Authors: Kusuma Rio J. , Ermamilia Aviria , Halimah Salehah N. , Pradani Ninda F. , Sholikha Imroatus 
Published: October 2020

Background :
Enzymatic hydrolysis of fish protein using protease or fish protein hydrolysate
can form bioactive peptides that have antidiabetic activity. One potential mechanism of
fish protein hydrolysate is reducing blood glucose through increased endogenous glucagon like peptide
(GLP)-1 production. Tempeh is soy fermented food that has protease which is potential biocatalyst
in producing fish protein hydrolysate.

Objective:
To evaluate the antidiabetic properties of Selar (Selar crumenophthalmus) fish protein
hydrolysate using tempeh protease as biocatalyst and duodenal gene expression of GLP-1.

Methods:
Selar fish protein isolate was digested for 8 hours at 37°C using crude tempeh protease.
Diabetes mellitus was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotosin (65 mg/kg bw)
and nicotinamide (230 mg/kg bw). Fish protein isolate and hydrolysate in dose of 300 mg/bw and
500 mg/ bw were orally administered daily for 4 weeks. Blood was drawn for fasting serum glucose
and lipid profile analysis. Total RNAs were isolated from duodenum and quantitative real
time PCR was performed to quantify mRNA expression of GLP-1. Data were analyzed using one
way ANOVA and gene expression analysis were performed using Livak.

Results and Discussion:
There is a significant difference on fasting serum glucose, total cholesterol,
triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and duodenal GLP-1 mRNA expression level
between groups (p<0.05). The duodenal GLP-1 mRNA expression was the highest in rats who received
hydrolyzed fish protein 500 mg/ bw.

Conclusion:
Hydrolysis of selar fish protein using tempeh protease has anti-diabetic properties possibly
through GLP-1 production.
Natural Bioactive Compounds as Adjuvant Therapy for Hepatitis C Infection
Authors: Santana Moema S. , Lopes Rute , Peron Isabela H. , Cruz Carla R. , Gaspar Ana M.M. , Costa Paulo I. 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Hepatitis C virus infection is a significant global health burden, which
causes acute or chronic hepatitis. Acute hepatitis C is generally asymptomatic and progresses to
cure, while persistent infection can progress to chronic liver disease and extrahepatic manifestations.
Standard treatment is expensive, poorly tolerated, and has variable sustained virologic responses
amongst the different viral genotypes. New therapies involve direct acting antivirals; however,
it is also very expensive and may not be accessible for all patients worldwide. In order to provide
a complementary approach to the already existing therapies, natural bioactive compounds are
investigated as to their several biologic activities, such as direct antiviral properties against hepatitis
C, and effects on mitigating chronic progression of the disease, which include hepatoprotective,
antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory activities; additionally, these compounds present
advantages, as chemical diversity, low cost of production and milder or inexistent side effects.

Objective:
To present a broad perspective on hepatitis C infection, the chronic disease, and natural
compounds with promising anti-HCV activity. Methods: This review consists of a systematic review
study about the natural bioactive compounds as a potential therapy for hepatitis C infection.

Results:
The quest for natural products has yielded compounds with biologic activity, including viral
replication inhibition in vitro, demonstrating antiviral activity against hepatitis C.

Conclusion:
One of the greatest advantages of using natural molecules from plant extracts is the
low cost of production, not requiring chemical synthesis, which can lead to less expensive therapies
available to low and middle-income countries.
Advanced Maternal Age and Adverse Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in
Pregnant Women
Authors: Almasi-Hashiani Amir , Omani-Samani Reza , Maroufizadeh Saman , Saedi Nafise , Shokouhi Nasim , Esmailzadeh Arezoo , Sepidarkish Mahdi , Safiri Saeid 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Advanced maternal age is an important predictor for maternal and neonatal outcomes such as
maternal mortality, low birth weight, stillbirth, preterm birth, cesarean section and preeclampsia.

Objective:
To determine the association of advanced maternal age and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in Iranian
pregnant women.

Methods:
In this hospital-based cross-sectional study, 5117 pregnant women from 103 hospitals in Tehran, Iran, were
participated in the study in 2015. The required data were gathered from hospitals which equipped to the department of
obstetrics and gynecology. Advanced maternal age was considered as an independent variable and unwanted pregnancy,
preeclampsia, preterm birth, cesarean section and low birth weight were considered as interested outcomes.

Results:
In our study, the prevalence of advanced maternal age was 12.08%. Advanced maternal age was significantly
associated with higher risk of unwanted pregnancy (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.12-1.73), preterm birth (OR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.28-
2.39) and cesarean section (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.03-1.74). In our study, there was no significant relationship between
advanced maternal age and preeclampsia but this relationship could be clinically important (OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 0.99-2.20, P=0.052), and there is no significant relationship between advanced maternal age and low birth weight (OR: 1.08, 95%
CI: 0.67-1.74, P=0.736).

Conclusion:
Advanced maternal age is associated with higher risk of unintended pregnancy, preterm birth and cesarean
section but our findings did not support advanced maternal age as a risk factor associated with low birth weight.
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Breast
Authors: Cheung Yun-Chung , Ueng Shir-Hwa , Ng Shu-Hang , Kuo Wen-Lin 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Contrast-enhanced spectral mammogram (CESM) is a modern technique
providing additional information to detect or diagnose breast cancers.

Introduction:
We present a rare ACC of breast on CESM.

Methods:
A 49-year-old woman with surgicopathological proved ACC was reported with tumor
features on CESM, sonography and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI).

Results:
Sonography revealed a 1.4 cm × 1.2 cm × 1 cm circumscribe round mass in the upper outer quadrant of the left
breast that was diagnosed to fibroadenoma. The mammogram did not show any discernible mass, however the
recombined subtracted images displayed a circumscribe mass with thin rim enhancement and enhanced internal patches
that were resembling to CE-MRI. Finally, the mass was proved to ACC.

Conclusion:
CESM facilitates detection of an isodense cancer and provides the enhanced features for differential
diagnosis. Resembling CE-MRI, CESM displayed rim enhancement and internal enhanced patches as diagnostic clues for
this case of ACC.
Precision Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of a Complex Lesion
Authors: Yousif Nooraldaem , Bardooli Fawaz , Hussain Tajammul , Noor Husam A. 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Balloon dilation and atherectomy have limitations in the treatment of heavily calcific
coronary lesions.

Introduction:
Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) is a state-of-the-art system that modifies severe calcific coronary plaques
efficiently. In this paper, we report our experience with IVL in the context of a calcific in-stent chronic total occlusion.

Case summary:
A 75-year-old gentleman whose status was post percutaneous coronary intervention,
with the deployment of two overlapping bare-metal stents in the mid-left anterior descending
artery (LAD) 20 years ago, was admitted to our cardiac center for the elective intervention of in-stent
chronic total occlusion (CTO) of LAD, which was performed using an antegrade wire escalation
(AWE) technique. After recanalization of the CTO body, optical coherence tomography pullback
confirmed a very high calcium score. Balloon dilatation attempts failed, so we proceeded with
shockwave lithotripsy with successful full expansion of the 3.5-mm IVL balloon followed by a
straightforward stent delivery. The procedure was complicated by distal wire perforation, which
was handled in a timely manner with coil embolization. The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful.

Conclusion:
This case illustrates the feasibility and effectiveness of IVL that powerfully cracks
coronary calcium while minimizing vessel wall trauma in the context of heavily calcific in-stent
CTO. In our case, coronary perforation occurred in a small-caliber side branch, which was identified
in a timely manner before hemodynamic compromise and treated successfully straight away
with coil embolization.
Leptin G-2548A and Leptin Receptor Q223R Gene Polymorphisms are Differently Associated with Oxidative Process in Mexican Mestizo and Indigenous with Obesity
Authors: Delgadillo-Guzmán Dealmy , Sharara-Núñez Alfonso Ibrahim , Pedroza-Escobar David , Castillo-Maldonado Irais , Quintanar-Escorza Martha Angélica 
Published: October 2020

:
Leptin levels and oxidative stress are implicated in obesity risk. Reports of association
of leptin gene (LEP) and leptin receptor gene (LEPR) polymorphisms with leptin elevation are contradictory
in a diverse population. Only a few studies report the linkage of obesity with biochemical
markers and genetic factors.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to examine whether plasma lipid peroxidation, antioxidant capability,
leptin levels are associate selected LEP -2548 A/G and LEPR Q223R polymorphisms in
mestizo and indigenous obesity Mexican population.

Methods:
We identified and characterized 50 overweight or obese subjects and 50 healthy, normal-
weight volunteers with indigenous Tepehuana or Mexican mestizo ethnicity from Durango,
Mexico. LEP -2548 A/G and LEPR Q223R polymorphisms were determined by genotyping. Concentrations
of leptin, antioxidant capacity (CA) and lipoperoxidation (LIPX) were determined in
fast conditions on plasma with Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) in all participants.

Results:
The highest genotype frequency was the heterozygous LEPR, which was associated with
lipid peroxidation levels in normal-weight Tepehuan populations. A positive correlation was observed
(r = 0.5; p <0.01) between LEP polymorphism and lipoperoxidation in normal weight Tepehuan
subjects. On the other hand, the LEPR polymorphism was associated with the level of lipoperoxidation
(r = 0.13; P<0.05) in mestizo populations of normal weight. Conclusion: It is probable
that there is a synergistic effect for obesity, where the presence of oxidative stress and single nucleotide
polymorphisms (SNP) of leptin and its receptor contributes to the generation of pathological
subcutaneous fat of obesity, together with the environmental conditions of the populations.
A Simplified Design Model for Modular Steel Buildings Subject to Vapor Cloud Explosions (VCEs)
Authors: Bedair Osama 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Modular steel buildings (MSB) are extensively used in petrochemical plants and refineries.
Limited guidelines are available in the industry for analysis and design of (MSB) subject to accidental vapor cloud
explosions (VCEs).

Objectives:
The paper presents simplified engineering model for modular steel buildings (MSB) subject to accidental
vapor cloud explosions (VCEs) that are extensively used in petrochemical plants and refineries.

Method:
A Single degree of freedom (SDOF) dynamic model is utilized to simulate the dynamic response of primary
building components. Analytical expressions are then provided to compute the dynamic load factors (DLF) for critical
building elements. Recommended foundation systems are also proposed to install the modular building with minimum
cost.

Results:
Numerical results are presented to illustrate the dynamic response of (MSB) subject to blast loading. It is shown
that (DLF)=1.6 is attained at (td/t)=0.4 for front wall (W1) with (td/T)=1.25. For side walls (DLF)=1.41 and is attained at
(td/t)=0.6.

Conclusions:
The paper presented simplified tools for analysis and design of (MSB) subject accidental vapor cloud blast
explosions (VCEs). The analytical expressions can be utilized by practitioners to compute the (MSB) response and
identify the design parameters. They are simple to use compared to Finite Element Analysis.
The Effectiveness and Safety of Remdesivir for the Treatment of Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hariyanto Timotius Ivan , Kwenandar Felix , Japar Karunia Valeriani , Damay Vika , Kurniawan Andree 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic disease that has significant
implications on the global health burden. Currently, there is no widely accepted pharmacologic
treatment for COVID-19. Remdesivir has been shown effective against various types of viruses,
including coronaviruses. This study aimed at synthesizing the latest evidence regarding the effectiveness
and safety of remdesivir as a potential treatment candidate against COVID-19.

Methods:
This systematic review has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020183707). A systematic
search of the literature was conducted in PubMed, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar
through June 5th, 2020. Statistical analysis was done by using the Review Manager 5.4 tool. The
risk of bias was evaluated using the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB
2) and GRADE analysis was performed to determine the certainty of the evidence.

Results:
Two studies with a total of 1,300 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that
remdesivir was associated with faster time to clinical improvement (MD -4.75 days; 95% CI -4.84
days to -4.65 days; p < 0.00001), reduction in mortality rate (RR 0.39; 95% CI 0.27 – 0.56; p <
0.00001) and fewer incidence of serious adverse events (RR 0.77; 95% CI 0.63 – 0.94; p = 0.01).
GRADE analysis showed a high certainty for serious adverse events and moderate certainty for
time to clinical improvement and mortality rate.

Conclusion:
Remdesivir is more effective and safer compared with standard care of treatment for
the treatment of COVID-19 because it was associated with faster time to clinical improvement, reduction
in mortality rate, and fewer incidence of serious adverse events.
Extraction and Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Activity of Mimosa rubicaulis in Swiss Albino Rats
Authors: Gurung Roshani , Adhikari Sundar , Koirala Niranjan , Parajuli Kalpana 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Pain and inflammation are major health problems. The adverse effect of
synthetic drugs for the management of painful inflammatory conditions gives a strong motivation
for researchers to develop newer drugs with lesser side effects. Mimosa rubicaulis has been traditionally
used in rheumatism, fungal infection, wound, fever, etc.

Objective:
The objective was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of ethanolic
stem extract of M. rubicaulis in Swiss albino rats.

Methods:
The stem of M. rubicaulis was collected, subjected to double maceration using ethanol
as a solvent. Then, Swiss albino rats (n=72) were taken. An acute toxicity study was conducted using
different doses of the plant extract. The anti-inflammatory activity (100 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg)
was evaluated using the carrageenan-induced paw edema test, while, analgesic activity (100
mg/kg, 250 mg/kg) was evaluated using a hot plate and tail immersion method. The result was analyzed
using a one-way analysis of variance and post hoc analysis with the Tukey test.

Results:
The acute toxicity study showed that the plant is safe for use in an animal model. The extract
showed anti-inflammatory activity by a reduction in paw edema volume by 25% and 48%.
Similarly, analgesic activity was shown by an increase in latency of paw licking and tail withdrawal
by 41%, and 56% (hot plate method) and 39% and 54% (Tail immersion method), p<0.05.

Conclusion:
It can be concluded that the ethanolic extract of Mimosa rubicaulis is safe and possesses
both anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity.