bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethics in autonomous robots as philosophy in silico: The study case of phronetic machine ethics
Authors: Polak Paweł , Krzanowski Roman 
Published: April 2020

The paper explores the application of computing science to the modeling of the ethical concepts. The modeling in computers is denoted as in silico modeling. The in silico method has found applications in biology, chemistry, cosmology, sociology among others. The applications of in silico modeling to philosophical problems (like ethics) are rather infrequent. Yet, the approach discussed in the paper holds the promise of not only facilitating the development of ethical robotics but it also may provide the insights into the philosophical problems themselves (by explicating their implicit structures). The paper provides also a brief overview of the concept of modeling in silico in historical and current contexts
Ciało i cielesność w świecie wirtualnym na przykładzie reklamy, sztuki i mediów społecznościowych (wybrane problemy)
Authors: Żydek-Bednarczuk Urszula 
Published: April 2020

Celem referatu jest refleksja na temat ciała i cielesności pojawiająca się w Internecie. Temat ten podporządkowany jest współczesnym ideologiom, więc wyznacza sposób myślenia ludzi współczesnych, nowe trendy, mody, działania i funkcjonowanie całego systemu aksjologicznego. Ciało i cielesność podlega współczesnym ideologiom: konsumpcjonizmu, indywidualizmu, zabawy i ludyczności, codzienności i transparencji. Do analizy wybrano ciało przedstawiane w reklamie, ciało w sztuce na podstawie przypadków Stelarca oraz ciało przedstawione na portalu Porcelanowych Motyli. Rozważaniom towarzyszy refleksja etyczna i aksjologiczna.
Cyclic tensile tests on prestressing strands embedded in concrete
Authors: Remitz Jörn , Empelmann Martin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe fatigue life of prestressed concrete beams, subjected to cyclic bending, mainly depends on the fatigue behaviour of the embedded prestressing strands. An evaluation of international fatigue test results revealed a reduced fatigue life of embedded strands in prestressed concrete beams compared to single strands in air. The reduced fatigue life can be explained by specific influences and fatigue processes caused by the built-in conditions of strands. Due to the lack of basic understanding, systematic investigations are currently carried out to identify, quantify and describe different influencing parameters and fatigue processes as well as to better understand and determine the fatigue behaviour of strands in pre-tensioned concrete beams. In this article, the experimental investigations regarding the fatigue life of strands embedded in concrete are presented. Within cyclic uniaxial tensile tests on strands in air and strands embedded in concrete, the influence of fretting fatigue processes and friction stresses between the outer wires of strands and the surrounding concrete was determined.
Tetralogia de Fallot: un reporte de caso
Authors: Duque Alexandra 
Published: May 2020

La Tetralogía de Fallot es la principal causa de cardiopatía congénita cianosante, que genera una gran mortalidad y que en algunos casos es susceptible de tratamiento quirúrgico. Reportamos un caso de una niña de 7 días de nacida con esta malformación acompañada de ausencia de las válvulas pulmonares, que fallece como consecuencia de la severidad de la misma. En el momento del examen interno se encuentra un corazón de tamaño normal con las anomalías morfológicas características de la Tetralogía de Fallot con ausencia de las válvulas sigmoideas pulmonares.
Análisis de la variación en las secuencias del adnmt humano en individuos residentes de la región Cundi-boyacense
Authors: Mora Torres Carlos Arturo 
Published: May 2020

El uso del ADN mitocondrial (ADNmt) se ha convertido en una importante herramienta, para vincular una evidencia biológica humana a un hecho o situación judicial de un proceso e identificar individuos con familiares no directamente emparentados (familiares diferentes a los padres o hijos de la víctima) por línea materna, con un buen poder de discriminación como en los casos de identificación de restos humanos, muestras de pelos en delitos sexuales y de homicidios. Con el aumento de estudios poblacionales en el área de ADNmt y por consiguiente un aumento en la base de datos, el Grupo de Genética puede tener un sistema de discriminación más robusto en la identificación humana o de vestigios biológicos de interés forense. En este trabajo se realizó un estudio genético-poblacional de individuos de la región Cundi-boyacense colombiana, analizando una muestra de 100 individuos obteniendo la variación de las secuencias de las regiones HVI y HVII. En total se encontraron 78 haplotipos diferentes en los 100 individuos analizados, llevando a una diversidad genética (según Tajima F, 1989) de 98.89% (0.9889), teniendo un poder de discriminación alto en los casos del área de la Genética Forense, y ayudando a ampliar la base de datos de ADNmt con fines forenses.
Prenatal Tanıda Fetal Manyetik Rezonans Görüntülemenin Rolü
Authors: ÖZALP Miraç , DEMİR Ömer , DİNÇ Gülseren , ŞAL Hidayet , ARAN Turhan , OSMANAĞAOĞLU Mehmet Armağan , KUL Sibel 
Published: April 2020

ÖZET Amaç Üçüncü basamak
merkezimizde klinisyenler tarafından tercih edilen fetal MRG endikasyonlarının
incelenmesi ve MRG’nin ultrason
bulgularına olan ek tanısal katkısının ortaya konmasıdır. Gereç ve Yöntem 2016-2018 yılları
arasında fetal MRG yapılan 322 olgu retrospektif olarak incelendi. Fetal
lezyonlar organ sistemlerine göre sınıflandırıldı ve klinisyenlerin
endikasyonları belirlendi. Prenatal dönemde yapılan fetal ultrason ve MRG
sonuçları değerlendirildi. Bulgular MRG çekilen 322
fetüsün endikasyonlarının dağılımı; 138’inde (%42.8) santral sinir sistemi
anomalileri, 99’unda (%30.7) plasental anomaliler, 36’sında (%11.2) genitoüriner
sistem anomalileri, 18’inde (%5.6) solunum sistemi anomalileri, 17’sinde (%5.3)
maternal faktör, 13’ünde (%4) baş, boyun, yüz anomalileri ve 1’inde (%0.4)
fetal faktör olarak belirlendi.Tüm endikasyonlar
incelendiğinde MRG ile ek bulgu saptanan olgu sayısı 13’tür (%4.03). Santral
sinir sistemi anomalileri 7 olgu ile en sık ek bulgu saptanan gruptur, bu grup
içerisinde fetal MRG %5.07 oranında ek katkı sunmuştur. Sırasıyla genitoüriner
sistem anomalileri olan grupta 3 ek bulgu (%8.33 oranında ek katkı), maternal
endikasyonlar grubunda 2 ek bulgu (%11.7 oranında ek katkı) ve solunum sistemi
anomalileri olan grupta 1 ek bulgu (%5.55 oranında ek katkı) olduğu görüldü. Sonuç

Ultrasonografinin
yetersiz kaldığı hallerde uygun perinatal yönetim ve danışmanlık için fetal MRG
giderek artan sıklıkta kullanılmaktadır. MR cihazlarının daha ulaşılabilir
olması, bu alandaki uzmanlığın artması ve MRG teknolojisindeki ileri gelişmeler,
bu modalitenin perinatoloji alanında daha yaygın kullanımı ile sonuçlanacaktır.
Arapça Konuşma Öğretiminde Öğrenci Görüşlerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: YILDIZ Musa , ÇİLEK Ersin 
Published: May 2020

Günümüz dünyasında yabancı dil öğrenimine olan ihtiyacın gitgide arttığı görülmektedir. Son yıllarda resmi dili Arapça olan ülkelerle ekonomik, siyasi, kültürel vb. ilişkilerin gelişmesi sonucunda Arapça öğrenimine ve öğretimine ilgi artmaktadır. Ancak Arapça öğretiminde dört dil becerisinin her birine aynı ilginin gösterilmediği, bu becerilerden konuşma becerilerinin eksik kaldığı ve öğrencilerin uygulamada pratik eksikleri olduğu görülmektedir. Bu eksiğin giderilmesi için öğrencilerin iletişim becerilerinde daha özgüvenli ve ekip çalışmalarının yapıldığı yöntemler önerilmiştir. Bu çalışmada öğrencilerin iletişim becerileri derslerinde yaşadıkları problemler, konuşma eğitiminde hangi etkinlikleri, yöntem ve teknikleri, araç-gereçlerle ölçme araçlarını kullandıkları ve hangi güçlüklerle karşılaştıkları saptanmıştır.
Occurrence of antibiotics and antiretroviral drugs in source-separated urine, groundwater, surface water and wastewater in the peri-urban area of Chunga in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Elijah Ngumba  , Anthony Gachanja  , James Nyirenda  , Johanna Maldonado  , Tuula Tuhkanen  
Published: April 2020

Recently, there has been an increased interest in bridging the knowledge gap in the occurrence and fate of pharmaceuticals in African urban water cycles. In this study, the occurrence of 7 antibiotics and 3 antiretrovirals in source-separated urine, groundwater, wastewater and surface water of the peri-urban area of Chunga in Lusaka, Zambia, was studied. In groundwater, the pharmaceuticals were only sporadically present with 4 antibiotics and 1 antiretroviral detected. The concentration of the antibiotics ranged from below limit of quantification (<LOQ) to 880 ng/L, with sulfamethoxazole having the highest detection frequency of 42.3%. In the surface water, a comparatively high concentration of pharmaceuticals was measured with concentrations ranging from <LOQ–11 800 ng/L to <LOQ–49 700 ng/L for antibiotics and antiretroviral drugs, respectively. Similarly, the concentration of antibiotics in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influent and effluent waters ranged from 100–33 300 ng/L and 80–30 040 ng/L, respectively. The concentration of the antiretrovirals was also relatively high in the wastewater and ranged from 680–118 970 ng/L and 1 720–55 760 ng/L in the influent and effluent, respectively. The concentration of the target analytes in source-separated urine were several orders of magnitude higher than in wastewater. Sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and lamivudine had the highest concentrations, of 7 740 µg/L, 12 800 µg/L and 10 010 µg/L, respectively. The high concentration detected in source-separated urine calls for precautionary measures to be undertaken when such urine is to be used as a fertilizer. However, urine source separation has a major advantage of pooling a significant proportion of excreted pharmaceuticals into small manageable volumes which can be effectively treated, minimizing environmental contamination. The high concentrations of antibiotics and antiretroviral drugs measured in this study necessitate creation of effective barriers to mitigate the possible environmental and human health risks.
Exploring Childhood Statelessness in South Africa
Authors: Khan Fatima 
Published: May 2020

The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees set a 10-year timeline in 2014 to prevent childhood statelessness. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees believes this is possible if the following four steps are taken. First, it urges all States to allow children, who would otherwise be stateless, to gain nationality in the country where they are born. Secondly, it urges States to reform citizenship laws that discriminate on the ground of gender, so that mothers are able to pass nationality to their children on an equal basis as fathers. Thirdly, it calls for the elimination of laws and practices that deny children nationality because of their ethnicity, race, or religion. Lastly, and most importantly, it calls on States to ensure universal birth registration to prevent statelessness. The specific focus of this paper will be to examine the risk of childhood statelessness in South Africa. This paper will begin by providing an explanation of statelessness, followed by the causes and consequences of statelessness. It will briefly comment on the two Statelessness Conventions and examine the extent to which the right to nationality in international human rights laws can protect the stateless child. South Africa has not ratified either of the two Conventions on Statelessness, but it believes its citizenship laws are sufficient to prevent childhood statelessness. This article aims to interrogate whether South Africa’s laws can protect children at risk of being born stateless and provide adequate solutions to this problem. Through this analysis, the four steps identified by the UNHCR to prevent statelessness will be tested against South African law. This paper utilises a child-centred approach, thereby viewing children as beings with rights and not merely as objects of protection, as with the State-centred approach.
PENGARUH PEMBELAJARAN SAINS BERBASIS EKSPERIMEN TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS PADA ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: HAKIM RISYDA LAMIYA NABILA , Nugraha Ali , Gustiana Asep Deni 
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan temuan empirik di taman kanak-kanak (TK) yang menunjukkan masih banyak anak usia dini dikategorikan kurang dalam membangun pengetahuan baru sesuai dengan pengalamannya. Hal ini merupakan salah satu penyebab fenomena rendahnya pengetahuan anak dalam konsep pembelajaran sains. Hal tersebut pula dipengaruhi oleh metode pembelajaran sains berbasis eksperimen yang masih langka dalam pelaksanaannya seperti melakukan sebuah percobaan sederhana. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh keterampilan proses pembelajaran sains terhadap anak-anak usia dini sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan metode pembelajaran sains berbasis eksperimen. Penelitian ini dilakukan kepada anak-anak usia dini kelompok B Taman kanak-kanak Lab UPI Bandung. Pembelajaran berdasarkan pengalaman pada anak diharapkan dapat memudahkan anak untuk mendapakan ilmu pengetahuan yang nyata dan baru. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode kuasi eksperimen desain yaitu, Nonequivalent Control Group Design dengan instrumen penelitiannya daftar ceklis. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel sebanyak 18 orang yang terdiri atas 1 kelompok kontrol dan kelompok eksperimen dari 2 kelas TK B. Hasil penelitian menunjukan p 0,05, itu mengartikan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap keterampilan proses sains antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok eksperimen. Hasil penelitian setelah dilakukan pembelajaran sains berbasis eksperimen dengan skor rata-rata peningkatan kelompok kontrol ialah 71,95%, sedangkan kelompok eksperimen mencapai 94,70%. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran sains berbasis eksperimen memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap keterampilan proses sains pada anak usia dini.
The Achievement of Archiving Analog Seismograms in Japanese Institutes for 15 Yr
Authors: Matsu’ura Ritsuko S. , Umino Norihito , Tamura Yoshiaki , Iio Yoshihisa , Kasahara Minoru , Ohkura Takahiro 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Since 2004, more than 100,000 smoked paper seismograms have been preserved as high-definition image files in three academic institutes in Japan. Also, 27,000 analog records on 35 mm films of 0.6 m long were converted to tiff files in two institutes. In the process of scanning analog records, we have obtained several tips for the preservation of records. Some records were found and organized in their original places after decades of the archiving process. A few scientific findings for old earthquakes have been obtained using the image files of analog records. Our work induced another project of preserving smoked paper seismograms obtained by government operations in Japan by the same manner. To continue archiving data that are not immediately linked to an increase in the number of research papers at each institute, continuous support such as the international evaluation of the high quality of our archives is fairly important, along with our own ceaseless efforts. To not make future researchers struggle in the same way that we did, it is necessary to foster among seismologists the common traits of data preservation, which astronomers have shared since the sixteenth century.
Evaluation of Publication Rate of Forensic Medicine Specialty Theses in Turkey
Authors: Çağlayan Derya , Çelik Cemil , Kaya Ahsen , Aktaş Ekin Özgür 
Published: April 2020

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the publication rate of Forensic Medicine specialty theses in national and international journals.
Materials and Methods: The Thesis Center database of Council on Higher Education was searched for medical specialty theses written between 1983-2016. Another screening was done using the resident and mentor names as well as thesis title on Ulakbim, Türk Medline, Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed databases. The years in which the theses were done and the articles were published, database of the journal, resident’s order among the authors, type of research, thesis subjects were recorded.
Results: It was found that 77 (32.6%) out of a total of 236 theses written between 1983-2016 were published. Fifteen-point two percent of these theses were published in Science Citation Index-Expanded/Social Sciences Citation Index, 11.9% were published in international, and 5.5% in national indexed journals. The mean publication time was 2.95±2.49 years. It was also found that the resident was the first author in 85.7% of the articles, and 53.2% of the published theses were prospective studies. Most frequently article subjects were in the fields of Forensic Pathology (26%) and Forensic Psychiatry (23.4%).
Conclusion: Publishing rate of theses in Forensic Medicine was similar to the data regarding publication rates of theses in different medical specialty fields in our country and abroad; however, it is below the level desired. It is of utmost importance to generate solutions to facilitate the process including but not limited to mentors that are encouraging and instructive,...
Detection and identification of wheat and barley phytopathogens in the Russian Federation
Authors: Slovareva Olga Y. 
Published: April 2020

Grain export is an important branch of the food business in the Russian Federation. The countries of Europe, Asia, Africa, and South America are importers of Russian grain. Each importing country has its own requirements for the phytosanitary condition of imported products. One important requirement for importers is the absence of pathogens that can cause bacterial diseases of grain crops, such as Pectobacterium rhapontici, Rathayibacter tritici, Pseudomonas fuscovaginae, Pseudomonas syringae pvs., Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae, Xanthomonas translucens pvs., Rathayibacter rathayi, and Pseudomonas cichorii. Reliable information on the distribution of these bacterial strains in the Russian Federation is limited. Methods for the isolation and identification of these bacterial pathogens have not been developed to date, which increases the risk of the spread of phytopathogens that could cause significant economic harm to agriculture.
The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify the causative agents of bacterial diseases of wheat and barley. In order to do this, we collected samples of plant material of wheat and barley in the Rodionovo-Nesvetaysky, Myasnikovsky, Zernogradsky, Azovsky, and Martynovsky districts of the Rostov Oblast. Various bacterial strains were isolated from the obtained samples using the appropriate cultural media. The strains were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers designed for the 16S ribosomal RNA (PSF/PSR and 8UA/519B) and SyD1/SyD2 primers selected for the Pseudomonas syringae genome (GenBank CP047267.1) with subsequent sequencing according to the Sanger method. As a result, the following bacterial strains were isolated and identified from wheat and barley samples: Curtobacterium sp., Paenibacillus sp., Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas azotoformans, P. poae, P. azotoformans, P. hibiscicola, P. fluorescens, Stenotrophomonas sp., P. syringae pv. syringae, P. syringae pv. atrofaciens, Bacillus sp., Erwinia sp., Pantoea sp., and Pantoea agglomerans.
Cross-Covariance Weight of GSTAR-SUR Model for Rainfall Forecasting in Agricultural Areas
Authors: Sulistyono Agus Dwi , Hartawati Hartawati , Suryawardhani Ni Wayan , Iriany Atiek , Iriany Aniek 
Published: May 2020

The use of location weights on the formation of the spatio-temporal model contributes to the accuracy of the model formed. The location weights that are often used include uniform location weight, inverse distance, and cross-correlation normalization. The weight of the location considers the proximity between locations. For data that has a high level of variability, the use of the location weights mentioned above is less relevant. This research was conducted with the aim of obtaining a weighting method that is more suitable for data with high variability. This research was conducted using secondary data derived from 10 daily rainfall data obtained from BMKG Karangploso. The data period used was January 2008 to December 2018. The points of the rain posts studied included the rain post of the Blimbing, Karangploso, Singosari, Dau, and Wagir regions. Based on the results of the research forecasting model obtained is the GSTAR ((1), 1,2,3,12,36) -SUR model. The cross-covariance model produces a better level of accuracy in terms of lower RMSE values and higher R2 values, especially for Karangploso, Dau, and Wagir areas.
Basis Existence of Internal n-Graph Space
Authors: Lazwardi Ahmad 
Published: May 2020

Graph of real valued continuous function with special addition and multiplication has already proven that is isomorphic to real number system. Furthermore, the graph of continous real valued function forms a field. The aim of this research was to generalize such concept to its n-tuple Cartesian Product and to prove that interchange of basis still able to be executed. The result of this research is n-tuple Cartesian Product of graph function forms a vector space over and interchange of basis still able to be executed
The Influence of the Genetic and Immunologic Context in the Development of Colorectal Adenoma: A Case Series Report
Authors: Garcia Diogo , Spaans Louisa , Miranda Sara , Gonçalves Gilza , Reis Joana , Costa José Luís , Durães Cecília , Carneiro Fátima , Machado José Carlos 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Overcoming immunosurveillance is a major step in the progression of many types of tumors. Several immune escape strategies have been identified, including immunoediting and the establishment of an immune suppressive microenvironment. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the hereditary or sporadic context has any influence in the relationship between immune surveillance and tumor development, using sporadic and familial adenomatous polyposis related colorectal adenomas as a model.Material and Methods: The immune tumor-infiltrating cells of a total of 58 low-grade and 18 high-grade colorectal adenomas were examined and compared, using immunostaining for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD57, CD68 and FoxP3.Results: FoxP3 and CD68 counts were significantly higher in sporadic low-grade dysplasia (p = 0.0003 and p = 0.0103, respectively),and FoxP3 and CD4 counts were found to be significantly higher in high-grade sporadic dysplasia (p = 0.0008 and p = 0.0018, respectively)when compared with corresponding lesions in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis.Discussion: This study suggests that the immune microenvironment of sporadic and hereditary lesions is different. Sporadic lesions contain a higher number of immune suppressive Treg cells, which suggests a stronger immune selective pressure. In contrast, hereditarylesions seem to benefit from a more tolerant immune microenvironment, allowing for the development of lesions with lower immune cell infiltration.Conclusion: This study shows that sporadic lesions harbor higher tumor-infiltrating immune cell counts, which might reflect a higher immune tolerance towards hereditary lesions.