bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REDUCTIONS OF POINTS ON ALGEBRAIC GROUPS
Authors: Lombardo Davide , Perucca Antonella 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLet $A$ be the product of an abelian variety and a torus defined over a number field $K$. Fix some prime number $\ell$. If $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}\in A(K)$ is a point of infinite order, we consider the set of primes $\mathfrak{p}$ of $K$ such that the reduction $(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}\hspace{0.2em}{\rm mod}\hspace{0.2em}\mathfrak{p})$ is well-defined and has order coprime to $\ell$. This set admits a natural density. By refining the method of Jones and Rouse [Galois theory of iterated endomorphisms, Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. (3)100(3) (2010), 763–794. Appendix A by Jeffrey D. Achter], we can express the density as an $\ell$-adic integral without requiring any assumption. We also prove that the density is always a rational number whose denominator (up to powers of $\ell$) is uniformly bounded in a very strong sense. For elliptic curves, we describe a strategy for computing the density which covers every possible case.
Tolerance of corn to PRE- and POST-applied photosystem II–inhibiting herbicides
Authors: Richburg Jacob T. , Norsworthy Jason K. , Barber Tom , Roberts Trent L. , Gbur Edward E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWeed control in corn traditionally has relied on atrazine as a foundational tool to control problematic weeds. However, the recent discovery of atrazine in aquifers and other water sources increases the likelihood of more strict restrictions on its use. Field-based research trials to find atrazine alternatives were conducted in 2017 and 2018 in Fayetteville, AR, by testing the tolerance of corn to PRE and POST applications of different photosystem II (PSII) inhibitors alone or in combination with mesotrione or S-metolachlor. All experiments were designed as a two-factor factorial, randomized complete block, with the two factors being (1) PSII-inhibiting herbicide and (2) the herbicide added to create the mixture. The PSII-inhibiting herbicides were prometryn, ametryn, simazine, fluometuron, metribuzin, linuron, diuron, atrazine, and propazine. The second factor consisted of either no additional herbicide, S-metolachlor, or mesotrione. Treatments were applied immediately after planting in the PRE experiments and to 30-cm–tall corn for the POST experiments. For the PRE study, low levels of injury (<15%) were observed at 14 and 28 d after application and corn height was negatively affected by the PSII-inhibiting herbicide applied. PRE-applied fluometuron- and ametryn-containing treatments consistently caused injury to corn, often exceeding 5%. Because of low injury levels caused by all treatments, crop density and yield did not differ from that of the nontreated plants. For the POST study, crop injury, relative height, and relative yield were affected by PSII-inhibiting herbicide and the herbicide added. Ametryn-, diuron-, linuron-, propazine-, and prometryn-containing treatments caused at least 25% injury to corn in at least 1 site-year. All PSII-inhibiting herbicides, except metribuzin and simazine when applied alone, caused yield loss in corn when compared with atrazine alone. Diuron-, linuron-, metribuzin-, and simazine-containing treatments applied PRE and metribuzin- and simazine-containing treatments applied POST should be investigated further as atrazine replacements.
Diagnostic Utility of the Portuguese Version of the Mini-Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination in Early Dementia
Authors: Peixoto Bruno , Baeta Élia , Machado Milene , Rocha Patrícia , Macedo Carla , Machado António , Gonçalves Gerly , Pimentel Paulo , Lopes Emanuela , Monteiro Luís 
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Aims: This contribution studies the psychometric properties (reliability, concurrent validity, and sensitivity) of the Portuguese version of the Mini-Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (M-ACE) in the context of early dementia. Methods: A sample of 60 participants was distributed in two groups: control group and dementia group. The following tests were administered: the ACE-III, from which the M-ACE was extracted, the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The CDR was used to determine the severity of dementia; the MoCA and ACE-III were used to determine the convergent validity of the M-ACE. Results: The reliability of the M-ACE is acceptable (α = .784). We extracted the cut-off scores and the corresponding values of sensitivity and specificity: A cutoff score of 17 on M-ACE has a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 72.1%. The M-ACE correlated significantly with the ACE-III and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Conclusion: The Portuguese version of the M-ACE has satisfactory psychometric characteristics and is a useful screening tool in the context of early dementia. The M-ACE can be employed in primary healthcare consultations.
The Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE)
Authors: Jovanović Veljko , Lazić Milica , Gavrilov-Jerković Vesna , Molenaar Dylan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE) is a self-report questionnaire designed to assess positive and negative emotions. In Study 1 ( N = 4,250, 61.95% females, Mage = 28.56 years), we evaluated measurement invariance of the SPANE across gender and age using moderated factor analysis. In Study 2 ( N = 200, 52.5% females, Mage = 21.82 years), we investigated the convergent and discriminant validity of the SPANE by examining its associations with measures of well-being and religiosity. In Study 3 ( N = 160, 87.5% females, Mage = 20.38 years), we used a prospective design to examine associations of the SPANE with the Big Five personality traits. The results provided general support for the measurement invariance of the SPANE across age and gender, but some non-invariant items were detected as well. The analyses of latent mean differences across gender revealed that women reported higher levels of both positive and negative emotions than men, but the effect size for positive emotions was very small. Older participants reported lower levels of positive emotions and higher levels of negative emotions than younger participants. Both convergent and discriminant validity of the SPANE were supported.
A Dynamic Rupture Source Model for Very Low‐Frequency Earthquake Signal Without Detectable Nonvolcanic Tremors
Authors: Wu Baoning , Oglesby David D. , Ghosh Abhijit , Li Bo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA very low‐frequency earthquake is a type of seismic event that is rich in low frequencies and depleted in higher frequencies compared to regular fast local earthquakes of similar magnitude. The source process behind very low‐frequency earthquakes is still poorly understood. Here we present a dynamic rupture source model for very low‐frequency earthquake signal without detectable associated tremors. We show that a single asperity model with sudden stress drop followed by a rate strengthening effect damps the seismic radiation and increases event duration. We compute synthetic seismograms for our source model. The synthetic signal successfully reproduces the features of observed very low‐frequency earthquakes. Moreover, the synthetic very low‐frequency earthquake signal in 0.02–0.05 Hz is not accompanied by detectable tremor signals at 2–8 Hz. Our results help explain why in some cases we observe very low‐frequency earthquakes without accompanying tremor.
Lateral Variations in Lithospheric Mantle Structure Control the Location of Intracontinental Seismicity in Australia
Authors: Bezada M. J. , Smale J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDespite decades of study, the mechanisms that lead to the localization of intracontinental seismicity remain vigorously debated. We find a very strong correlation between the attenuation of teleseismic P waves and the occurrence of intraplate seismicity in Australia. The regions with the highest attenuation host ~2 orders of magnitude more earthquakes per unit of area than the least attenuating regions. We argue that the attenuation we observe is produced by lateral variations in the thickness and/or viscosity of the lithospheric mantle and further suggest that the correlation we document implies that lithospheric mantle structure exerts first‐order controls on the localization of intraplate seismicity.
Missing Hydrological Contribution to Sea Level Rise
Authors: Kim Jae‐Seung , Seo Ki‐Weon , Jeon Taehwan , Chen Jianli , Wilson Clark R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOver the past decade, the rate of global mean sea level (GMSL) rise is about 3.5 mm/year. Terrestrial water/ice mass loss to the oceans and ocean volume expansion explain about 3.1 mm/year, indicating that the GMSL budget is not been fully understood. Past estimates from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data have indicated that terrestrial water storage (TWS) is increasing and is thus a mitigating contributor to GMSL rise. However, TWS estimates from GRACE are uncertain mostly due to limitations in GRACE estimates of degree‐1 and degree‐2 order‐0 spherical harmonic coefficients. We obtain an improved estimate of the TWS contribution to GMSL change using revised GRACE estimates of these low‐degree coefficients. For the period 2005–2015, we find that TWS makes an additional contribution to GMSL rise of about 0.32 ± 0.02 mm/year, mostly associated with a TWS decrease. This revised estimate is sufficient to nearly balance the budget of GMSL rise.
Dayside Magnetopause Reconnection: Its Dependence on Solar Wind and Magnetosheath Conditions
Authors: Koga D. , Gonzalez W. D. , Souza V. M. , Cardoso F. R. , Wang C. , Liu Z. K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMagnetic reconnection permits topological rearrangements of the interplanetary and magnetospheric magnetic fields and the entry of solar wind mass, energy, and momentum into the magnetosphere. Thus, magnetic reconnection is a key issue to understand space weather. However, it has not been fully understood yet under which interplanetary/magnetosheath conditions magnetic reconnection takes place more effectively at the dayside magnetopause. In the present study 25 dayside magnetopause reconnection events are investigated using the “Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms” (THEMIS) satellite observations in order to find its dependence on solar wind and magnetosheath conditions. It is found that the reconnection electric field is proportional to the interplanetary electric field and inversely proportional to the solar wind‐Alfvén Mach number and that the reconnection outflow speed is proportional to the solar wind Alfvén speed and inversely proportional to the magnetosheath plasma beta. It is also shown that the range of magnetic shear angles for which magnetic reconnection should occur is restricted to large shears as the magnetosheath flow direction becomes more perpendicular to the direction of the local magnetopause normal vector. Since these results refer to fairly typical solar wind‐Alfvén Mach number condition, they may not necessarily apply to more extreme cases.
Autoantibodies to synapsin I sequestrate synapsin I and alter synaptic function
Authors: Rocchi Anna , Sacchetti Silvio , De Fusco Antonio , Giovedi Silvia , Parisi Barbara , Cesca Fabrizia , Höltje Markus , Ruprecht Klemens , Ahnert-Hilger Gudrun , Benfenati Fabio 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSynapsin I is a phosphoprotein that coats the cytoplasmic side of synaptic vesicles and regulates their trafficking within nerve terminals. Autoantibodies against Syn I have been described in sera and cerebrospinal fluids of patients with numerous neurological diseases, including limbic encephalitis and clinically isolated syndrome; however, the effects and fate of autoantibodies in neurons are still unexplored. We found that in vitro exposure of primary hippocampal neurons to patient’s autoantibodies to SynI decreased the density of excitatory and inhibitory synapses and impaired both glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic transmission. These effects were reproduced with a purified SynI antibody and completely absent in SynI knockout neurons. Autoantibodies to SynI are internalized by FcγII/III-mediated endocytosis, interact with endogenous SynI, and promote its sequestration and intracellular aggregation. Neurons exposed to human autoantibodies to SynI display a reduced density of SVs, mimicking the SynI loss-of-function phenotype. Our data indicate that autoantibodies to intracellular antigens such as SynI can reach and inactivate their targets and suggest that an antibody-mediated synaptic dysfunction may contribute to the evolution and progression of autoimmune-mediated neurological diseases positive for SynI autoantibodies.
Dendritic cells license regulatory B cells to produce IL-10 and mediate suppression of antigen-specific CD8 T cells
Authors: Boldison Joanne , Da Rosa Larissa Camargo , Davies Joanne , Wen Li , Wong F. Susan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRegulatory B cells (Bregs) suppress and reduce autoimmune pathology. However, given the variety of Breg subsets, the role of Bregs in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes is still unclear. Here, we dissect this fundamental mechanism. We show that natural protection from type 1 diabetes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice is associated with increased numbers of IL-10-producing B cells, while development of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice occurs in animals with compromised IL-10 production by B cells. However, B cells from diabetic mice regain IL-10 function if activated by the innate immune receptor TLR4 and can suppress insulin-specific CD8 T cells in a dendritic cell (DC)-dependent, IL-10-mediated fashion. Suppression of CD8 T cells is reliant on B-cell contact with DCs. This cell contact results in deactivation of DCs, inducing a tolerogenic state, which in turn can regulate pathogenic CD8 T cells. Our findings emphasize the importance of DC–Breg interactions during the development of type 1 diabetes.
Tail state limited photocurrent collection of thick photoactive layers in organic solar cells
Authors: Wu Jiaying , Luke Joel , Lee Harrison Ka Hin , Shakya Tuladhar Pabitra , Cha Hyojung , Jang Soo-Young , Tsoi Wing Chung , Heeney Martin , Kang Hongkyu , Lee Kwanghee , Kirchartz Thomas , Kim Ji-Seon , Durrant James R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe analyse organic solar cells with four different photoactive blends exhibiting differing dependencies of short-circuit current upon photoactive layer thickness. These blends and devices are analysed by transient optoelectronic techniques of carrier kinetics and densities, air photoemission spectroscopy of material energetics, Kelvin probe measurements of work function, Mott-Schottky analyses of apparent doping density and by device modelling. We conclude that, for the device series studied, the photocurrent loss with thick active layers is primarily associated with the accumulation of photo-generated charge carriers in intra-bandgap tail states. This charge accumulation screens the device internal electrical field, preventing efficient charge collection. Purification of one studied donor polymer is observed to reduce tail state distribution and density and increase the maximal photoactive thickness for efficient operation. Our work suggests that selecting organic photoactive layers with a narrow distribution of tail states is a key requirement for the fabrication of efficient, high photocurrent, thick organic solar cells.
Elevated aldosterone and blood pressure in a mouse model of familial hyperaldosteronism with ClC-2 mutation
Authors: Schewe Julia , Seidel Eric , Forslund Sofia , Marko Lajos , Peters Jörg , Muller Dominik N. , Fahlke Christoph , Stölting Gabriel , Scholl Ute 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGain-of-function mutations in the chloride channel ClC-2 were recently described as a cause of familial hyperaldosteronism type II (FH-II). Here, we report the generation of a mouse model carrying a missense mutation homologous to the most common FH-II-associated CLCN2 mutation. In these Clcn2R180Q/+ mice, adrenal morphology is normal, but Cyp11b2 expression and plasma aldosterone levels are elevated. Male Clcn2R180Q/+ mice have increased aldosterone:renin ratios as well as elevated blood pressure levels. The counterpart knockout model (Clcn2−/−), in contrast, requires elevated renin levels to maintain normal aldosterone levels. Adrenal slices of Clcn2R180Q/+ mice show increased calcium oscillatory activity. Together, our work provides a knockin mouse model with a mild form of primary aldosteronism, likely due to increased chloride efflux and depolarization. We demonstrate a role of ClC-2 in normal aldosterone production beyond the observed pathophysiology.
Adaptation is maintained by the parliament of genes
Authors: Scott Thomas W. , West Stuart A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFields such as behavioural and evolutionary ecology are built on the assumption that natural selection leads to organisms that behave as if they are trying to maximise their fitness. However, there is considerable evidence for selfish genetic elements that change the behaviour of individuals to increase their own transmission. How can we reconcile this contradiction? Here we show that: (1) when selfish genetic elements have a greater impact at the individual level, they are more likely to be suppressed, and suppression spreads more quickly; (2) selection on selfish genetic elements leads them towards a greater impact at the individual level, making them more likely to be suppressed; (3) the majority interest within the genome generally prevails over ‘cabals’ of a few genes, irrespective of genome size, mutation rate and the sophistication of trait distorters. Overall, our results suggest that even when there is the potential for considerable genetic conflict, this will often have negligible impact at the individual level.
Formation and current-induced motion of synthetic antiferromagnetic skyrmion bubbles
Authors: Dohi Takaaki , DuttaGupta Samik , Fukami Shunsuke , Ohno Hideo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSkyrmion, a topologically-protected soliton, is known to emerge via electron spin in various magnetic materials. The magnetic skyrmion can be driven by low current density and has a potential to be stabilized in nanoscale, offering new directions of spintronics. However, there remain some fundamental issues in widely-studied ferromagnetic systems, which include a difficulty to realize stable ultrasmall skyrmions at room temperature, presence of the skyrmion Hall effect, and limitation of velocity owing to the topological charge. Here we show skyrmion bubbles in a synthetic antiferromagnetic coupled multilayer that are free from the above issues. Additive Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and spin-orbit torque (SOT) of the tailored stack allow stable skyrmion bubbles at room temperature, significantly smaller threshold current density or higher speed for motion, and negligible skyrmion Hall effect, with a potential to be scaled down to nanometer dimensions. The results offer a promising pathway toward nanoscale and energy-efficient skyrmion-based devices.
A miRNA signature in endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles in tumor-bearing mice
Authors: McCann James V. , Liu Amber , Musante Luca , Erdbrügger Uta , Lannigan Joanne , Dudley Andrew C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in tumor progression by altering immune surveillance, promoting vascular dysfunction, and priming distant sites for organotropic metastases. The miRNA expression patterns in circulating EVs are important diagnostic tools in cancer. However, multiple cell types within the tumor microenvironment (TME) including cancer cells and stromal cells (e.g. immune cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, ECs) contribute to the pool of circulating EVs. Because EVs of different cellular origins have different functional properties, auditing the cargo derived from cell type-specific EVs in the TME is essential. Here, we demonstrate that a murine EC lineage-tracing model (Cdh5-CreERT2:ZSGreenl/s/l mice) can be used to isolate EC-derived extracellular vesicles (EC-EVs). We further show that purified ZSGreen+ EVs express expected EV markers, they are transferable to multiple recipient cells, and circulating EC-EVs from tumor-bearing mice harbor elevated levels of specific miRNAs (e.g. miR-30c, miR-126, miR-146a, and miR-125b) compared to non tumor-bearing counterparts. These results suggest that, in the tumor setting, ECs may systemically direct the function of heterotypic cell types either in the circulation or in different organ micro-environments via the cargo contained within their EVs.
Light propagation in inhomogeneous media, coupled quantum harmonic oscillators and phase transitions
Authors: Urzúa Alejandro R. , Ramos-Prieto Irán , Soto-Eguibar Francisco , Arrizón Víctor , Moya-Cessa Héctor M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis contribution has two main purposes. First, using classical optics we show how to model two coupled quantum harmonic oscillators and two interacting quantized fields. Second, we present classical analogs of coupled harmonic oscillators that correspond to anisotropic quadratic graded indexed media in a rotated reference frame, and we use operator techniques, common to quantum mechanics, to solve the propagation of light through a particular type of graded indexed medium. Additionally, we show that the system presents phase transitions.
The analgesic effect of refeeding on acute and chronic inflammatory pain
Authors: Lee Jeong-Yun , Lee Grace J. , Lee Pa Reum , Won Chan Hee , Kim Doyun , Kang Youngnam , Oh Seog Bae 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPain is susceptible to various cognitive factors. Suppression of pain by hunger is well known, but the effect of food intake after fasting (i.e. refeeding) on pain remains unknown. In the present study, we examined whether inflammatory pain behavior is affected by 24 h fasting and 2 h refeeding. In formalin-induced acute inflammatory pain model, fasting suppressed pain behavior only in the second phase and the analgesic effect was also observed after refeeding. Furthermore, in Complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced chronic inflammatory pain model, both fasting and refeeding reduced spontaneous pain response. Refeeding with non-calorie agar produced an analgesic effect. Besides, intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of glucose after fasting, which mimics calorie recovery following refeeding, induced analgesic effect. Administration of opioid receptor antagonist (naloxone, i.p.) and cannabinoid receptor antagonist (SR 141716, i.p.) reversed fasting-induced analgesia, but did not affect refeeding-induced analgesia in acute inflammatory pain model. Taken together, our results show that refeeding produce analgesia in inflammatory pain condition, which is associated with eating behavior and calorie recovery effect.