bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The cancer patient and cardiology
Authors: Zamorano José Luis , Gottfridsson Christer , Asteggiano Riccardo , Atar Dan , Badimon Lina , Bax Jeroen J. , Cardinale Daniela , Cardone Antonella , Feijen Elizabeth A.M. , Ferdinandy Péter , López‐Fernández Teresa , Gale Chris P. , Maduro John H. , Moslehi Javid , Omland Torbjørn , Plana Gomez Juan Carlos , Scott Jessica , Suter Thomas M. , Minotti Giorgio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAdvances in cancer treatments have improved clinical outcomes, leading to an increasing population of cancer survivors. However, this success is associated with high rates of short‐ and long‐term cardiovascular (CV) toxicities. The number and variety of cancer drugs and CV toxicity types make long‐term care a complex undertaking. This requires a multidisciplinary approach that includes expertise in oncology, cardiology and other related specialties, and has led to the development of the cardio‐oncology subspecialty.This paper aims to provide an overview of the main adverse events, risk assessment and risk mitigation strategies, early diagnosis, medical and complementary strategies for prevention and management, and long‐term follow‐up strategies for patients at risk of cancer therapy‐related cardiotoxicities. Research to better define strategies for early identification, follow‐up and management is highly necessary. Although the academic cardio‐oncology community may be the best vehicle to foster awareness and research in this field, additional stakeholders (industry, government agencies and patient organizations) must be involved to facilitate cross‐discipline interactions and help in the design and funding of cardio‐oncology trials.The overarching goals of cardio‐oncology are to assist clinicians in providing optimal care for patients with cancer and cancer survivors, to provide insight into future areas of research and to search for collaborations with industry, funding bodies and patient advocates. However, many unmet needs remain. This document is the product of brainstorming presentations and active discussions held at the Cardiovascular Round Table workshop organized in January 2020 by the European Society of Cardiology.
Ferrite Nanocomposite Based Electrochemical Sensor: Characterization, Voltammetric and Amperometric Studies for Electrocatalytic Detection of Formaldehyde in Aqueous Media
Authors: Ganie Adil Shafi , Bano Sayfa , Sultana Saima , Sabir Suhail , Khan Mohammad Zain 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDevelopment of nanocomposite based electrochemical sensors for detection of toxic chemicals describes an environmentally benign strategy for monitoring the health of ecosystem. Herein, we reported in situ preparation of graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) decorated Ag2S/NiFe2O4 nanocomposite sensor by facile precipitation method. The electrochemical studies demonstrated efficient electrocatalytic activity of ternary nanocomposite pasted glassy carbon electrode (g‐C3N4@Ag2S/NiFe2O4/GCE) for selective detection of formaldehyde. Moreover, fabricated sensor exhibit rapid amperometric response with excellent selectivity, remarkable sensitivity (1681 μA mmol L−1 cm−2) and lower detection limit (LOD: 1.63 μmol L−1). It is noteworthy to mention that sensor exhibits good operational and long‐term storage stability.
Electrochemical Studies of the Nickel‐based Hydroxide Electrode for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction and Coulombic Efficiency of the Electrode
Authors: Zide Dorcas , Felix Cecil , Oosthuysen Tobie , Bladergroen Bernard Jan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNickel hydroxide, Ni(OH)2 electrode material has been used as a positive electrode in commercial alkaline secondary batteries for more than 100 years. This is because Ni(OH)2 has a good high rate discharge ability performance, wide operation and storage temperature range and relatively low. However, the Ni(OH)2 positive electrode exhibits poor performance which results from (i) competitive reactions of the oxidation of the active material and evolution of oxygen. (ii) The reduced charge acceptance of Ni(OH)2 positive electrode is suspected to be related to a relatively long distance between Ni(OH)2 particles and the nearest portion of the substrate. In this study, electrodes are prepared using β‐Ni(OH)2 powder as the active electrode material, hot‐pressed onto a nickel mesh current collector. The Ni2+ in the compound β‐Ni(OH)2 material is partially substituted with Co2+ and Al3+ metals and the performance of as‐prepared materials are optimized and examined. XRD, FTIR, TG‐DTA, SEM/EDS, and ICP confirms the formation of the expected compositions. The samples with 5 wt.% Co2+, and 10 wt.% Al3+ metals are found to be the optimal compositions with promising electrochemical activities. The modification of Ni(OH)2 by the partial substitution of Co2+ and Al3+ metals for Ni2+ shows some effect on the redox peaks of Ni(OH)2 and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). E.g. the onset for oxidation of the active material is significantly improved with partial substitution of Ni2+ by Co2+. On the other hand partial substitution of Ni2+ with Al3+ moves the onset of electrode oxidation to higher potential. In addition, the partial substitution of 10 wt.% Al3+ metal improves both discharge capacity (from 128 mAh/g to 170 mAh/g), and the coulombic efficiency (from 87 % to 93 %) of the β‐Ni(OH)2 electrode.
Voltammetric Studies of 3‐Nitro‐tyrosine Electro‐oxidation at Solid Electrodes and its Interaction with DNA
Authors: Nascimento José A. M. , Nascimento Maysa L. , Mendes Carlos H. S. , Oliveira Severino Carlos B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe electrochemical oxidation of 3‐nitro‐tyrosine (3‐NO2‐Tyr) was studied in aqueous media at metallic electrodes (platinum and gold), using voltammetric techniques. The interaction between 3‐NO2‐Tyr and double helix DNA (dsDNA) in a physiological medium was also investigated. Electro‐oxidation of 3‐NO2‐Tyr occurs in one single irreversible pH‐dependent step with the transfer of one electron and one proton from the phenolic group to the formation of radicals, which preferably dimerize, fouling the electrode surfaces. The differential pulse voltammetry and gel electrophoresis results clearly demonstrated a strong interaction of 3‐NO2‐Tyr with the dsDNA for the formation of a stable 3‐NO2‐Tyr‐dsDNA complex.
Recent Progress of Single‐atom Catalysts in the Electrocatalytic Reduction of Oxygen to Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Zhu Weiya , Chen Shaowei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts (SACs) have been attracting extensive interest in the electrocatalytic production of hydrogen peroxide by oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). This is due to the maximal efficiency of atom utilization and intimate interaction of the metal centers with the supporting matrix that may be exploited for deliberate manipulation of the electrocatalytic activity and selectivity, in comparison with the conventional nanoparticle counterparts. Herein, we summarize recent progress of the design and engineering of SACs towards ORR for H2O2 generation, based on both noble and non‐noble metals. We conclude the review with a perspective highlighting the promises and challenges involved in future research.
Novel rosette‐like formations with nanothick petals observed on acid‐etched titanium
Authors: Medina Hector , Kohler Rachel 
Published: August 2020

SummaryUnderstanding of surface evolution is important in applications that require engineering prescribed surface structures. Novel crystalized formations have been observed on titanium specimens etched with sulfuric acid as part of an ongoing implantology research. Crystal formations resembling rosettes were discovered via scanning electron microcopy near the edges of several commercially pure titanium specimens etched by immersion in 18M (98%) sulfuric acid at 60°C for 30 minutes to 1 hour. These crystallized formations were composed of numerous thin sheets (in the neighborhood of 20‐50 nm thick) resembling “petals” that form in an approximately hexagonal arrangement. Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analysis identified these as sulfur oxide formations, probably titanyl sulfate. Literature documentation of similar formations has not been found. Further investigation of the thermal‐chemical potential, activation energies, or other factors involved in the nucleation and growth of these formations is needed. Such understanding could help advance knowledge in areas related to surface engineering and corrosion mechanisms. Furthermore, it is inferred that this novel formations could have applications in certain processes where chemical reactions in bypassing fluids are assisted by surface chemistry and enhanced by surface roughness.
Circularly polarized designs of modified isosceles triangular microstrip antennas
Authors: Deshmukh Amit A. , Ray Kamla P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe modified designs of different isosceles triangular microstrip antennas realized by overlapping two isosceles patches, are proposed for circularly polarized response. An offset distance between the two overlapped patches yield optimum spacing in between the orthogonal modes of the composite patch, to give circular polarization. Proposed configuration is investigated for angle increasing from 50° to 100°. An optimum response in terms of the bandwidth (BW) is obtained in 50° modified isosceles patch. Here, input impedance and axial ratio (AR) BW of 646 MHz (52%) and 76 MHz (6.12%), respectively, is obtained. As an additional design feature, proposed configuration shows variation in the center frequency of AR BW against increasing isosceles angle and the offset distance. Proposed designs exhibit broadside radiation pattern with a gain of above 8 dBi, with a good agreement between the simulated and measured results. A new simpler design for circular polarized response supported with detailed design methodology are the new technical contributions in the proposed work.
Analysis of a hybrid fractal curve antenna using the segmentation method
Authors: Jamil Atif , Yusoff Mohd Zuki , Yahya Noorhana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA microstrip‐fed hybrid Fractal antenna for WLAN application is presented in this article. The proposed antenna is composed of meander and Koch elements combined to form a longer curve that extends the electrical length. This approach simultaneously reduces the operating frequency and antenna size. The Green's functions and segmentation method are used to calculate the input impedance of the hybrid Fractal antenna. For analysis, the amalgamated antenna shape is decomposed into simple regular segments. The impedance parameters of the newly arranged shapes are calculated by the corresponding Green's functions. The impedance matrix equations of all the segments are presented so as to display in a single matrix whose solution determines the input impedance of the complete antenna geometry. To validate the theory, a prototype of the proposed antenna has been numerically simulated and experimentally measured.
Concentrations of Metals in Fishes from the Athabasca and Slave Rivers of Northern Canada
Authors: Tendler Brett , Ohiozebau Ehimai , Codling Garry , Giesy John P. , Jones Paul D. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
There is growing concern about possible effects of exploitation of the Alberta Oil Sands on the ambient environment, including possible effects on populations of fishes in the Athabasca River and farther downstream in Lake Athabasca and the Slave River. In the present study, concentrations of metals in dorsal muscle tissue of 5 fish species—goldeye, northern pike, walleye, whitefish, and burbot—from the Slave, Peace, and Athabasca Rivers were quantified. A suite of 25 metals including As, Hg, Se, Tl, and V was analyzed. Most metals exhibited no significant variations in concentration among locations. Concentrations of 5 metals, As, Hg, Se, Tl, and V, revealed significant variations among locations and were of sufficient magnitude to be of interest. Concentrations of Hg did not vary significantly among locations; however, because it was detected at concentrations of concern and the use of the selected fishes was a local source of food for humans and pets, it was of interest. Concentrations of As, Se, Tl, and V in dorsal muscle of certain fishes in the farthest downstream sites on the Slave River were greater than those in the same tissues and species in the farther upstream sites on the Peace and Athabasca Rivers. This phenomenon was most prevalent with Tl and to a lesser extent with As and Se. Nevertheless, concentrations were not of concern for the health of human consumers. Although metals did not appear to be increased in fish in the Alberta Oil Sands region in the present study, further research is needed to understand the potential impacts. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2180–2195. © 2020 SETAC
Toxicity of Carbon Dioxide to Freshwater Fishes: Implications for Aquatic Invasive Species Management
Authors: Cupp Aaron R. , Smerud Justin R. , Thomas Linnea M. , Waller Diane L. , Smith David L. , Erickson Richard A. , Gaikowski Mark P. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) has been approved by the US Environmental Protection Agency as a new aquatic pesticide to control invasive Asian carps and other aquatic nuisance species in the United States. However, limited CO2 toxicity data could make it challenging for resource managers to characterize the potential risk to nontarget species during CO2 applications. The present study quantified the toxicity of CO2 to 2 native riverine fishes, bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), using 12-h continuous flow-through CO2 exposure at 5, 15, and 25 °C water temperatures. Resulting survival indicated that bluegill (median lethal concentration [LC50] range 91–140 mg/L CO2) were more sensitive to CO2 than fathead minnow (LC50 range 235–306 mg/L CO2) across all water temperatures. Bluegill were also more sensitive to CO2 at 5 °C (LC50 91 mg/L CO2, 95% CI 85–96 mg/L CO2) than at 25 °C (LC50 140 mg/L CO2, 95% CI 135–146 mg/L CO2). Fathead minnow showed an opposite response and were less sensitive at 5 °C (LC50 306 mg/L CO2, 95% CI 286–327 mg/L CO2) relative to 25 °C (LC50 235 mg/L CO2, 95% CI 224–246 mg/L CO2). Our results show that CO2 toxicity can differ by species and water temperature. Data from the present study may inform decisions related to the use of CO2 as a control tool. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2247–2255. Published 2020. This article is a U.S. government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Experimental study on the effect of lateral concentrated smoke extraction on smoke stratification in the longitudinal ventilated tunnel
Authors: Tang Fei , Zhu Yuantao , Chen Lei 
Published: August 2020

SummarySmoke is the main cause of death in tunnel fires. It is one of the important measures to maintain smoke stratification in the early stage of tunnel fire. This article focused on experimentally studying the combined effect of lateral concentrated smoke extraction and longitudinal ventilation on the smoke stratification, which never be revealed before. The velocity of the smoke layer and air layer, vertical temperature distribution, and the flow patterns of the smoke were measured. It was found that the longitudinal ventilation and lateral concentrated smoke extraction would affect the flow of the smoke and change the shear velocity between the smoke layer and air layer, then, the patterns of the smoke layer will be affected. And the flow patterns with Froude (Fr) number can be classified into three categories: (a)Fr < 0.6, with stable smoke stratification; (b) 0.6 < Fr < 0.85, with a stable smoke stratification but the blurring interface; and (c) Fr > 0.85, the smoke layer is completely unstable. The result can provide a reference for ventilation design of immersed tube tunnels.
Mathematical analysis of the spatial coupling of an explicit temporal adaptive integration scheme with an implicit time integration scheme
Authors: Muscat Laurent , Puigt Guillaume , Montagnac Marc , Brenner Pierre 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes equations and the large eddy simulation equations can be coupled using a transition function to switch from a set of equations applied in some areas of a domain to the other set in the other part of the domain. Following this idea, different time integration schemes can be coupled. In this context, we developed a hybrid time integration scheme that spatially couples the explicit scheme of Heun and Crank–Nicolson's implicit scheme using a dedicated transition function. This scheme is linearly stable and second‐order accurate. In this article, an extension of this hybrid scheme is introduced to deal with a temporal adaptive procedure. The idea is to treat the time integration procedure with unstructured grids as it is performed with Cartesian grids and local mesh refinement. Depending on its characteristic size, each mesh cell is assigned to a rank. And for two cells from two consecutive ranks, the ratio of the associated time steps for time marching the solutions is 2. As a consequence, the cells with the lowest rank iterate more than the other ones to reach the same physical time. In a finite‐volume context, a key ingredient is to keep the conservation property for the interfaces that separate two cells of different ranks. After introducing the different schemes, the article recalls briefly the coupling procedure, and details the extension to the temporal adaptive procedure. The new time integrator is validated with the propagation of 1D wave packet, the Sod's tube, and the advection of 2D vortex.
Molecular characterization of ochratoxigenic fungi associated with poultry feedstuffs in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Gherbawy Youssuf A. , Elhariry Hesham M. , Alamri Saad A. , El‐Dawy Eman G.A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFungal and mycotoxins contamination of food and poultry feeds can occur at each step along the chain from grain production, storage, and processing. A total of 200 samples comprising of mixed poultry feedstuffs (n = 100) and their ingredients (n = 100) were collected from Riyadh, Alhassa, Qassium, and Jeddah cities in Saudi Arabia. These samples were screened for contamination by fungi. Penicillium chrysogenum was the predominant species taking into its account and frequency, respectively, in both mixed poultry feedstuff and barley samples (4,561.9 and 687 fungal colony‐forming units (CFU)/g) and (66% and 17%). Moisture content was an important indicator for the count of fungi and ochratoxin A. Ochratoxin analysis of plate cultures was performed by a HPLC technique. Sample of mixed poultry feedstuff which was collected from Jeddah displayed the highest level of ochratoxin (14.8 µg/kg) and moisture content (11.5%). Corn grains samples were highly contaminated by ochratoxin A (450 and 423 µg/kg) and recorded the highest moisture contents (14.1 and 14.5%). Ochratoxin A production in fungal species isolated from mixed poultry feedstuff samples were high with P. verrucosum (5.5 μg/kg) and A. niger (1.1 μg/kg). In sorghum and corn grains, the highest ochratoxins producing species were P. viridicatum (5.9 μg/kg) and A. niger (1.3 μg/kg), respectively. Sixty‐three isolates of A. niger were ochratoxigenic, and all of them showed the presence of pks genes using PKS15C‐MeT and PKS15KS primer pairs. The detection technique of A. niger in poultry feedstuff samples described in the present study was successfully used as a rapid and specific protocol for early detection of A. niger without cultivation on specific media.
Gamma‐aminobutyric acid production by Lactobacillus brevis A3: Optimization of production, antioxidant potential, cell toxicity, and antimicrobial activity
Authors: Alizadeh Behbahani Behrooz , Jooyandeh Hossein , Falah Fereshteh , Vasiee Alireza 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this study, whey powder was used as the basic compound for fermentation culture and the production of bioactive gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) compound. GABA is a nonprotein four‐carbon amino acid that inhibits stress signals by preventing brain signals, reducing stress, and being effective in treating neurological disorders and decreasing the growth of cancer cells. Due to the side effects caused by the chemical type of GABA, the biological production of GABA has attracted. Three levels of whey powder (5%, 10%, and 15%), and monosodium glutamate (MSG) (1%, 3%, and 5%) were selected at temperatures (25, 30, and 37°C) and after fermentation, the presence of GABA in the culture medium was examined by thin‐layer chromatography. The optimal amount of GABA was measured by using high‐performance liquid chromatography. The results of the central composite design of the response surface methodology at a significant level of 95% showed that the optimal treatment was 14.96% whey powder, 4.95% MSG at temperature of 37°C and fermentation for 48 hr and under these conditions, GABA production was 553.5 ppm. The results of the fermented extract tests showed that the highest antimicrobial activity was on Escherichia coli and the highest free radical scavenging was 59.67%. The IC50 level in the Caco‐2 cancer cell cytotoxicity test was 39.5 mg/ml. According to the results, the combination of whey with MSG can be used as a cheap substrate to produce a valuable bioactive GABA product, and the cellular extract of this fermentation can also be used as an antimicrobial and antioxidant compound in food and pharmaceutical formulations.
Insights into olfactory ensheathing cell development from a laser‐microdissection and transcriptome‐profiling approach
Authors: Perera Surangi N. , Williams Ruth M. , Lyne Rachel , Stubbs Oliver , Buehler Dennis P. , Sauka‐Spengler Tatjana , Noda Masaharu , Micklem Gos , Southard‐Smith E. Michelle , Baker Clare V. H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOlfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are neural crest‐derived glia that ensheath bundles of olfactory axons from their peripheral origins in the olfactory epithelium to their central targets in the olfactory bulb. We took an unbiased laser microdissection and differential RNA‐seq approach, validated by in situ hybridization, to identify candidate molecular mechanisms underlying mouse OEC development and differences with the neural crest‐derived Schwann cells developing on other peripheral nerves. We identified 25 novel markers for developing OECs in the olfactory mucosa and/or the olfactory nerve layer surrounding the olfactory bulb, of which 15 were OEC‐specific (that is, not expressed by Schwann cells). One pan‐OEC‐specific gene, Ptprz1, encodes a receptor‐like tyrosine phosphatase that blocks oligodendrocyte differentiation. Mutant analysis suggests Ptprz1 may also act as a brake on OEC differentiation, and that its loss disrupts olfactory axon targeting. Overall, our results provide new insights into OEC development and the diversification of neural crest‐derived glia.