bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitudes and Understanding of Probiotics Among Pediatricians in Different Regions of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hasosah Mohammed , Qurashi Mansour , Balkhair Abdullah , Alzahrani Ziyad , Alabbasi Abdullah , Alzahrani Muhanad , Alnahdi Wejdan , Shafei Sohaib , Bafaqih Malak , Khan Muhammad A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Many studies reported that knowledge and attitudes of health professionals have a medium level of knowledge of probiotics.OBJECTIVE: Evaluate knowledge and practice styles among pediatricians working in different regions of Saudi Arabia regarding probiotics.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.SETTING: Pediatric hospitals; central, western, eastern, northern, and southern regions, Saudi Arabia.PATIENTS AND METHODS: A survey of 550 pediatric providers (PPs) conducted and completed by pediatricians which included pediatric residents (PRs), pediatric specialist (PSs) and pediatric consultants (PCs) and pediatric gastroenterologists (PGs). They were asked anonymously about knowledge and practice of probiotics.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Evaluate knowledge and practice styles among pediatricians working in Saudi Arabia regarding probiotics.SAMPLE SIZE: 550 pediatric providers (PPs) in the cross-sectional analysis.RESULTS: A response rate of 82% yielded 452 questionnaires. Among respondents, 261 of 452 (57.7%) were aware of the definition of probiotics. There were significant differences in the percentage of participants who have little knowledge of probiotics (P<0.05), with a maximum in PRs and a minimum in PGs. The most common probiotic used by all participants was lactobacillus acidophilus (63.3%), and mycobacterium avium was the probiotic least often prescribed (8.6%). The majority of participants reported that probiotics were used to improve digestion and improve GI immunity, but there were no significant differences found between groups (P=0.298). The majority of PRs and PSs correctly reported that probiotics reduce the risk of antibiotic-induced diarrhea (74.9% and 80.2%) respectively, but there were no significant differences among them. Internet (50.0%) was the source of probiotics-related information to all pediatricians.LIMITATION: There may be some response bias—PPs who have a special interest in probiotics may have been more likely to respond to the survey.CONCLUSION: Significant differences in knowledge and practice patterns exist regarding probiotics. Identification of knowledge gaps may be useful to develop educational materials to improve proper definition, knowledge, and the use of probiotics.
Depression And Cardiovascular Risk – Association Among Beck Depression Inventory, PCSK9 Levels And Insulin Resistance
Authors: Macchi Chiara , Favero Chiara , Ceresa Alessandro , Vigna Luisella , Conti Diana Misaela , Pesatori Angela Cecilia , Racagni Girogio , Corsini Alberto , Ferri Nicola , Sirtori Cesare Riccardo , Buoli Massimiliano , Bollati Valentina , Ruscica Massimiliano 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background. Depression and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are among the most common causes of disability in high-income countries, depression being associated with a 30% increased risk of future CV events. The association of depression with CV outcomes is likely via behavioral mechanisms, e.g. sedentary lifestyle and obesity, this last being more frequently linked to the occurrence of depressive symptoms. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has been related to a large number of CV risk factors, e.g. insulin resistance. Aim of this study was to investigate whether in a population of obese subjects, depression could affect PCSK9 levels and how these changes may mediate potentially associated pre-diabetic risk. Results. In 389 obese individuals, mainly women, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) was significantly associated with PCSK9 levels, i.e. for every unit increment in BDI-II score, PCSK9 rose by 1.85 ng/mL and with the homeostatic model assessment index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Mediation analysis suggested that PCSK9 levels partially mediates by 11% the effect of BDI-II on HOMA-IR. Conclusions. This study proposes a possible mechanism linking depression and insulin resistance, a well-known CV risk factor, providing evidence on a role for PCSK9.
Use of the Robson classification to understand the increased risk of cesarean section in case of maternal obesity.
Authors: Crequit Simon , Korb Diane , Morin Cécile , Schmitz Thomas , Sibony Olivier 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to identify characteristics of pregnant women with obesity that contribute to increased cesarean rate.Methods: Retrospective cohort in a single academic institution between 2012 and 2019. Women who delivered during this period were classified according to the Robson classification. Women with normal body mass index (N=11797) and with obesity (N=2991) were compared. The contribution of each Robson group to the overall caesarean rate were compared.Results: The overall cesarean rate was higher for women with (28.1%) than without (14.2%, p < 0.001) obesity. This result came mainly from Robson group 5a (history of one cesarean). After adjustment for medical factors within this group, the association between maternal obesity and cesarean during labor was significant.Conclusions: The higher cesarean rate in women with obesity is explained by Robson group 5a in which obesity is an independent risk factor of in labor cesarean delivery.
Brucella Outer Membrane Proteins to Control Maturation and Antigen Presentation of Mouse Dendritic Cells
Authors: Yang Ningning , Tong Zhixia , Wang Zhen , Xu Mingguo , Zhang Qian , Zhang Huan , Wang Yueli , Yi Jihai , Sun Tianhao , Cui Buyun , Chen Chuangfu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonotic disease, which seriously endangers animal husbandry in China. Bone marrow- derived dendritic cells ( DCs ) are professional antigen presenting cells (APC) that play an important role in the interaction between pathogens and host immunity. Because of that DCs play an irreplaceable role in the initiation and orientation of the acquired immune response, establishing the model of interaction between Brucella and DCs may be more suitable than the traditional macrophage model for understanding the relationship between the pathogenic mechanism of Brucella and the specific immune response of the infected host. In this study, DCs were isolated from BALB/C female mice and stimulated with Brucella major outer membrane proteins (OMPs: OMP10, OMP19, OMP25, BP26 and OMP31) or brucella mutants (Δ omp10 , Δ omp19 , Δ omp25 , Δ bp26 , Δ omp31 ) to examine their effects on DC maturity and antigen presentation.Results: Brucella OMP10, OMP19, BP26, brucella mutants Δ omp10 , Δ omp19 , Δ omp25 , Δ bp26 , Δ omp31 and Brucella RB51 induced DC maturation and antigen presentation efficiency in mice, activated proliferation of T lymphocytes, and decreased apoptosis, which helped the host recognize antigens and eliminate pathogens. However, Brucella 2308 evaded the host immune function and established chronic infection by maintaining a balance between intracellular replication and inducing apoptosis, thus reducing DC maturation and antigen presentation to T cells. Toll-like receptor (TLR) -mediated signaling pathways were involved in the DC maturation and antigen presentation induced by Brucella OMPs. Conclusion: These results enhance understanding of Brucella pathogenesis and the host protective immune response mechanism and lay the foundation for the rational design of Brucella vaccines.
Social Support and Physical Activity in the Perioperative Period and Six Months After Colorectal Cancer Surgery.
Authors: Ocalewski Jarosław , Michalska Patrycja , Izdebski Paweł 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: According to the recommendations of the ERAS protocol, physical activity is a key behavior for pre-surgical preparation of patients. The research aimed at determining the relationship between physical activity and social support, self-efficacy, cancer symptoms in preparation for colorectal cancer resection and half a year after surgery.Methods: The research was carried out among patients with colorectal cancer. The assessment was performed in a longitudinal study, a week before the surgery (T1) (N=151) and six months after the surgery (T2) (N=105). The data was collected through the following research tools: physical activity, social support (OSS-3), self-efficacy (GSES) and the experienced cancer symptoms (Brief IPQ).Results: In a week before the surgery, social support facilitated in the time of physical activity (β=.18), whereas half a year after the surgery social support had a negative impact on the time of physical activity (β=-.20). The variable of symptoms is related to the negative effect of physical activity, and this is particularly evident in the six-month period after surgery (a week before the surgery: β=-.16; six months after the surgery: β=-.34).Conclusions: It has been shown that social support, symptoms are important for shaping physical activity in the period before colorectal cancer surgery and six months after surgery. Patients with colorectal cancer living alone have had higher levels of physical activity than patients with colorectal cancer living in a partnership. In the period after colorectal cancer surgery social support may lead patients to believe that they do not need to make any physical effort because caregivers take care of their daily responsibilities.Trial registrations: Ocalewski J, Michalska P. Social support and physical activity in the preoperative period and six months after colon cancer surgery. [Internet]. OSF; 2020. Available from: osf.io/px2zk
Trichoderma Asperellum as A Promising Mycofungicide for Managing The Dieback Disease of Tea (Camellia Sinensis)
Authors: Kumhar Kishor Chand , Babu Azariah , Arulmarianathan John Peter , Deka Bhabesh , Bordoloi Mitali , Rajbongshi Hirakjyoti , Dey Pritam 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The dieback disease of tea caused by Fusariumsolani adversely affects its production and quality. Genus Trichoderma is a promising biocontrol agent to control it without any residual effect and most suitable for inclusion into an integrated disease management approach. Isolation of Trichoderma from rhizosphere soil of the Dooars zone was done. It was identified as T. asperellum based on its cultural characters and DNA fingerprinting. A liquid formulation (2% Aqueous Suspension) was prepared from it and bio-efficacy was evaluated under field conditions for the control of dieback disease and other parameters for two seasons in three zones. Its different concentrations, T. harzianum, and Hexaconazole were included in the study. Results: The fungal isolate (KBN-29), identified as T. asperellum, was found nearest to the isolate TV-3 (Genebank-KX538814.1) with 99% similarity. Plots treated with T. asperellum 2% AS at 1000 and 1200ml/ha concentration gave better disease control as the yield of green leaves as compared to Hexaconazole 5% EC. The formulation was safe to non-target beneficial organisms’ in all three zones without any phytotoxicity to tea leaves at 4, 8, and 16ml/L concentrations.Conclusions: The present study confirms that the developed liquid formulation of T. asperellum 2% AS was found significantly superior for the management of dieback disease of tea plantations in Darjeeling, Dooars, and Assam zones when used at concentrations of 1200 and 1000 ml followed by 800 and 600 ml/ha during both seasons. The maximum made tea yield was recorded in plots treated with T. asperellum at 1000 and 1200ml/ha followed by Hexaconazole 5% EC. The T. asperellum 2% AS was observed to be safe for non-target beneficial organisms viz., C. carnea, O. javanus, and S. gilvifrons. The developed T. asperellum 2% AS formulation was not phytotoxic to tea leaves at 4, 8, and 16ml/L concentrations.
Maternal and neonatal outcomes of repeated antepartum bleeding in&nbsp;493 placenta previa cases: a retrospective study
Authors: ziyan Jiang , huang shiyun , zuo qing , ge zhiping , lu hongmei , zhou xin , wang tianjun , tang xiaotong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Placenta previa (PP) is a serious complication of late pregnancy. Exploring the effect of antepartum bleeding caused by PP on pregnancy outcomes is very important.Methods We retrospectively analyzed 493 women complicated with PP. Patients were divided into antepartum repeated bleeding and non-bleeding groups. Maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes were compared.Results The risk of antepartum hemorrhage was 2.038 times higher when gravidity was 5 (95% CI 1.104 ~ 3.760, P = 0.023). Pregnant women with a history of more than three intrauterine procedures had a 1.968 times higher risk of antepartum hemorrhage (95% CI 1.135 ~ 3,412, P = 0.016) compared to pregnant women without any intrauterine procedures. The risk of antepartum bleeding was found to be decreasing with the pregnancy advancing; When the placenta edge was noted to be over cervival os, the risk of antepartum bleeding was 4.385-fold than the low-lying plcaenta cases (95%CI2.454ཞ8.372,P = 0.000). In the respect of maternal outcomes, the repeated bleeding group, the risk of emergency surgery was 7.213 times higher than elective surgery (95% CI 4.402ཞ11.817, P = 0.000). As for the neonatal outcomes, the risk of asphyxia was 2.970 times and the risk of NICU admission was 2.542-fold higher in repeated bleeding group compared to non-bleeding group, respectively.Conclusions Obstetricians should be aware of the increased risk of antepartum bleeding especially for ≤ 34 weeks and placenta edge over cervical os PP patients, they have a higher risk of antepartum bleeding. These women have higher possibility of emergency c-section and need preterm newborn resuscitation.
Time spent in referral process and its determinants among clients of maternal and child health service in Jimma zone, Ethiopia, 2020; A cross-sectional study.
Authors: Kitila Sena Belina , Tesema Abebe Abera , Bedada Gadisa Bekele , Olika Ayantu Kebede , Terfa Yonas Biratu , Ololo Shimelis , Olika Alemi Kebede 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background The time spent between referring and receiving health facilities is an important determinant of the outcome of the referred patients/clients especially among women in low income countries due to poor access to early and appropriate referrals. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the average time spent between referring and service utilization at receiving health facility.Methods A cross-sectional study was employed by using time and motion approach. Structured questionnaire and observation checklist were used for collecting data. SPSS 21 version was used for data analysis and binary and multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify a variable which has a significant association on the basis of OR, 95% CI and a P value of less than 0.05.Result A total of 266 women were participated in the study with the mean age of the study population is 24.65(± 5.03) years. Majority 223(83.8%) of the participants came for maternal health services and more than half 143(53.8%) of the respondents were self-referrals. Amongst the referred cases the main reason for the referral was for further evaluation and management. Women spent a maximum of 540 minutes on the way to arrive at receiving health facility. Residence and distance were the predictor variables for average time spent. More than two fifth of the women wait more than three hours to get the service at receiving health facility. Residence and distance were the determinant variables for average time spent.Conclusion In general, women wait a maximum of one and half hours to contact health care providers for assessment and more than two fifth of the women wait more than three hours to get the service at receiving health facility. Giving due emphasis to referral system as an integral part of maternal health was essential.
Functions and Clinical Significance of KLRG1 in the Development of Lung Adenocarcinoma and Immunotherapy
Authors: Yang Xiaodong , Zheng Yuexin , Han Zhihai , zhang xiliang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background. As a marker of differentiation, Killer cell lectin like receptor G1 (KLRG1) plays an inhibitory role in human NK cells and T cells. However, its clinical role remains inexplicit. This work intended to investigate the predictive ability of KLRG1 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) after immune-checkpoint inhibitor therapy, as well as to explore the role of a possible KLRG1 molecular mechanism on LUAD development.Methods. Using data from the Gene Expression Omnibus, the Cancer Genome Atlas and the Genotype-Tissue Expression, we compared the expression of KLRG1 and its related genes Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), Scm polycomb group protein like 4 (SCML4) in LUAD and normal lung tissues. We further established a stable LUAD cell line with KLRG1 knockdown and investigate the effect of KLRG1 knockdown on tumor cell proliferation. We also studied the prognostic value of the four factors in terms of overall survival (OS) in LUAD. Using data from the Gene Expression Omnibus, we further investigated the expression of KLRG1 in the patients with different responses after immunotherapy.Results. The expression of KLRG1, BTK, CCR2 and SCML4 was significantly downregulated in LUAD tissues compared to normal controls. Knockdown of KLRG1 promoted the proliferation of A549 tumor cells. And low expression of these four factors was all associated with unfavorable overall survival in patients with LUAD. Furthermore, low expression of KLRG1 also correlated with poor responses in LUAD patients after immunotherapy.Conclusion. Based on these findings, we infer that KLRG1 had significant correlation with immunotherapy response. Meanwhile, KLRG1, BTK, CCR2 and SCML4 might serve as valuable prognostic biomarkers in LUAD. Key pointsKLRG1 inhibits the progress of LUAD.KLRG1 had significant correlation with immunotherapy response.KLRG1, BTK, CCR2 and SCML4 might serve as valuable prognostic biomarkers in LUAD.
Non- Specific Low Back Pain among Nurses in Qassim, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Elmannan Abeer Abuzeid Atta , AlHindi Hajar A. , AlBaltan Reema I. , AlSaif Mariah S. , AlMazyad Nouf S. , AlZurayer Ruba K. , AlRumayh Shouq S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Non-specific Low back pain (LBP) is a complex and multifactorial health problem. Evidence has shown that LBP is an important occupational hazard and nurses are particularly at high risk. While several studies have addressed the prevalence of LBP worldwide, the prevalence of LBP in Saudi Arabia remains unclear. In this study we aimed to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of LBP among nurses in Qassim region, Saudi Arabia.Methods: This was a multicenter cross-sectional study carried out in four major public hospitals in Qassim region. A total of 323 nurses were recruited through a two-stage sampling method. A previously validated questionnaire was used to gather data. The main outcome measures were; LBP prevalence during working life, demographic factors, life-style factors, work-related factors and psychological factors. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors independently associated with LBP.Results: The study showed that LBP prevalence was 65.6% (n = 212). Over one third of study participants sought treatment for LBP (n = 82, 38.7%). Age and the type of ward were found significantly associated with LBP (aOR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.77; p value = 0.007) & (aOR: 0.36; 95%CI: 0.15, 0.86; p value = 0.02), respectively. However, gender, working hours, number of patients, stress and smoking were not identified as LBP risk factors in this study.Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that LBP is a highly prevalent occupational health problem among nurses in Qassim. Young nurses 20–30 years are more likely to suffer from LBP, while nurses working in the general surgery wards have lower risk for LBP in this study. On-the-job training is essential particularly for new and young nurses on proper body mechanics when mobilizing patients or lifting heavy equipment. In addition, there is a need for evidence –based interventions to improve the work-place environment for nurses in hospitals in order to lower LBP prevalence.
Contribution of Mitochondrial Structure and Respiratory Metabolism to The Cold-Resistance of Alfalfa Seedling Root
Authors: Liu Meijun , Zhao Wenjing , Zhang Haoyang , Wang Yuxiang , Sui Xiaoqing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Fall dormancy of alfalfa is significantly associated with its cold tolerance, while root, the main body of alfalfa for overwintering, is critical for the cold resistance of alfalfa. The effect of low temperature on mitochondrial ultrastructure and respiratory metabolism of alfalfa seedling root with different fall dormancy was examined, to study the root cold resistance mechanism by which fall dormancy affects alfalfa cold tolerance. Results: Low temperature induced mitochondrial swelling, and the decline of ATP and accumulation of H 2 O 2 in alfalfa seedling root. Both the Cytochrome pathway (CP) and Alternative pathway (AP) respiratory rate were restrained and mETC complex I, II, III and IV activities were inhibited directly by low temperature in both kinds of alfalfa seedling root, while the decline of mETC complex II and III activities were more serious in Gannong No. 5. These results indicated that the damage of mitochondrial structure and the inhibition of mETC complex I , II, III and IV activities directly by low temperature declined the ATP synthesis and aggravated the ROS accumulation, which inhibit the growth of alfalfa seedling root. Moreover, the lower damage on mitochondrial structure and mETC complex II, III activities and higher the percent of AP to total respiratory rate lead to the lower ATP lack and H 2 O 2 accumulation, which contributed to the root growth of Xinmu No.4 seedling. Conclusions: Low sensitivity of mitochondrial structural stability and mETC complex II, III and Alternative respiration to low temperature contributed to the root cold resistance of alfalfa with low fall dormancy grade.
Structure and Properties of Lignin From Five Distinct Biomasses
Authors: hu chunyan , Ilangovan Manikandan , Guna Vijaykumar , Rizzarelli Paola , Mirabella Emanule Francesco , Reddy Narendra 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We have investigated the structural, thermal and morphological properties of lignin extracted from five distinct biomasses in order to establish the influence of the age of the source, environmental conditions during growth and quantity present. In fact, lignin is an integral part of cellulosic biomass and affects the structure, properties, processing and applications. Presence of lignin is critical for structural integrity but detrimental for converting biomass into new products. Aerial roots from banyan tree, sugarcane bagasse, bamboo, cornhusk and rice straw were selected to extract Klason lignin using the sulfuric acid approach. Extent of lignin in the samples varied from 9.14 to 23.77 %. Overall, compositional analysis showed that the lignin from the five sources had considerable variation, particularly in terms of the trace elements. Nevertheless, structure and properties of lignin extracted from five distinct biomasses was found to be independent of the age of the source, conditions during growth or quantity present in the biomass.