bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overview on the Recent Progress on Electrofluorochromic Materials and Devices: A Critical Synopsis
Authors: Corrente Giuseppina Anna , Beneduci Amerigo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe phenomenon of electrofluorochromism occurs whenever the fluorescence of a material can be reversibly modulated, both in terms of intensity and color change, through the application of an electrical stimulus. Electrofluorochromic (EFC) materials have gained a great interest in the last decade, since they offer access to the development of different optoelectronic devices. Great efforts have been made to achieve highly performing EFC materials either as small organic molecules or as polymers. A critical overview of the most recent materials progress development is presented here, trying to guide the reader toward the most remarkable advancements in this field in the last years. This synoptic frame is completed by the recognition of the weak progress done on the development of the related EFC devices, which cannot be achieved without the identification of the most interesting applications. Among the many issues that are still open, it is necessary to correctly define the performance metrics for a suitable characterization of EFC materials and devices. Indeed, most of the published data are not homogeneous and the lack of standardized procedures really hampers a performance comparison among the various systems. Thus, standardized procedures are desirable and would allow for an easier transfer of this technology.
Advances in Oxosulfonylation Reaction
Authors: Ghosh Sumit , Samanta Sadhanendu , Ghosh Asim Kumar , Neogi Sukanya , Hajra Alakananda 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOxosulfonylation is a difunctionalization protocol where oxo and sulfonyl groups are introduced in one step to construct ketosulfones and N‐acylsulfonamides from simple and readily accessible reagents. The development of oxosulfonylation methods has gained significant attention due to their importance in organic and medicinal chemistry. This review article provides a brief and concise overview of the current status and latest methodologies using green oxidant and sulfonyl sources for oxosulfonylation reactions developed in the last two decades.magnified image
Cavin1 Deficiency Causes Disorder of Hepatic Glycogen Metabolism and Neonatal Death by Impacting Fenestrations in Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells
Authors: Wei Zhuang , Lei Jigang , Shen Feng , Dai Yuxiang , Sun Yan , Liu Yilian , Dai Yan , Jian Zhijie , Wang Shilong , Chen Zhengjun , Liao Kan , Hong Shangyu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIt has been reported that Cavin1 deficiency causes lipodystrophy in both humans and mice by affecting lipid metabolism. The ablation of Cavin1 in rodents also causes a significant deviation from Mendelian ratio at weaning in a background‐dependent manner, suggesting the presence of undiscovered functions of Cavin1. In the current study, the results show that Cavin1 deficiency causes neonatal death in C57BL/6J mice by dampening the storage and mobilization of glycogen in the liver, which leads to lethal neonatal hypoglycemia. Further investigation by electron microscopy reveals that Cavin1 deficiency impairs the fenestration in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and impacts the permeability of endothelial barrier in the liver. Mechanistically, Cavin1 deficiency inhibits the RhoA‐Rho‐associated protein kinase 2‐LIM domain kinase‐Cofilin signaling pathway and suppresses the dynamics of the cytoskeleton, and eventually causes the reduction of fenestrae in LSECs. In addition, the defect of fenestration in LSECs caused by Cavin1 deficiency can be rescued by treatment with the F‐actin depolymerization reagent latrunculin A. In summary, the current study reveals a novel function of Cavin1 on fenestrae formation in LSECs and liver glycogen metabolism, which provide an explanation for the neonatal death of Cavin1 null mice and a potential mechanism for metabolic disorders in patients with Cavin1 mutation.
Clinical and genetic characteristics of 10 Japanese patients with PROM1‐associated retinal disorder: A report of the phenotype spectrum and a literature review in the Japanese population
Authors: Fujinami Kaoru , Oishi Akio , Yang Lizhu , Arno Gavin , Pontikos Nikolas , Yoshitake Kazutoshi , Fujinami‐Yokokawa Yu , Liu Xiao , Hayashi Takaaki , Katagiri Satoshi , Mizobuchi Kei , Mizota Atsushi , Shinoda Kei , Nakamura Natsuko , Kurihara Toshihide , Tsubota Kazuo , Miyake Yozo , Iwata Takeshi , Tsujikawa Akitaka , Tsunoda Kazushige ,   Japan Eye Genetics Consortium study group
Published: August 2020

AbstractVariants in the PROM1 gene are associated with cone (−rod) dystrophy, macular dystrophy, and other phenotypes. We describe the clinical and genetic characteristics of 10 patients from eight Japanese families with PROM1‐associated retinal disorder (PROM1‐RD) in a nationwide cohort. A literature review of PROM1‐RD in the Japanese population was also performed. The median age at onset/examination of 10 patients was 31.0 (range, 10–45)/44.5 (22–73) years. All 10 patients showed atrophic macular changes. Seven patients (70.0%) had spared fovea to various degrees, approximately half of whom had maintained visual acuity. Generalized cone (−rod) dysfunction was demonstrated in all nine subjects with available electrophysiological data. Three PROM1 variants were identified in this study: one recurrent disease‐causing variant (p.Arg373Cys), one novel putative disease‐causing variant (p.Cys112Arg), and one novel variant of uncertain significance (VUS; p.Gly53Asp). Characteristic features of macular atrophy with generalized cone‐dominated retinal dysfunction were shared among all 10 subjects with PROM1‐RD, and the presence of foveal sparing was crucial in maintaining visual acuity. Together with the three previously reported variants [p.R373C, c.1551+1G>A (pathogenic), p.Asn580His (likely benign)] in the literature of Japanese patients, one prevalent missense variant (p.Arg373Cys, 6/9 families, 66.7%) detected in multiple studies was determined in the Japanese population, which was also frequently detected in the European population.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric C(sp2)−H Allylic Alkylation: Enantioselective Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Allenoates
Authors: Hu Yimin , Shi Wangyu , Zheng Bing , Liao Jianning , Wang Wei , Wu Yongjun , Guo Hongchao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHerein we describe the first organocatalytic asymmetric C(sp2)−H allylation of racemic trisubstituted allenoates with Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) carbonates to access axially chiral tetrasubstituted allenoates. Various trisubstituted allenoates and MBH carbonates were well tolerated under mild reaction conditions, providing novel chiral tetrasubstituted allenoates with adjacent axial chirality and tertiary carbon stereocenters in high yields with good to excellent diastereoselectivities and enantioselectivities.
Chemical Vapor Deposition for Atomically Dispersed and Nitrogen Coordinated Single Metal Site Catalysts
Authors: Liu Shengwen , Wang Maoyu , Yang Xiaoxuan , Shi Qiurong , Qiao Zhi , Lucero Marcos , Ma Qing , More Karren L. , Cullen David A. , Feng Zhenxing , Wu Gang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAtomically dispersed and nitrogen coordinated single metal sites (M‐N‐C, M=Fe, Co, Ni, Mn) are the popular platinum group‐metal (PGM)‐free catalysts for many electrochemical reactions. Traditional wet‐chemistry catalyst synthesis often requires complex procedures with unsatisfied reproducibility and scalability. Here, we report a facile chemical vapor deposition (CVD) strategy to synthesize the promising M‐N‐C catalysts. The deposition of gaseous 2‐methylimidazole onto M‐doped ZnO substrates, followed by an in situ thermal activation, effectively generated single metal sites well dispersed into porous carbon. In particular, an optimal CVD‐derived Fe‐N‐C catalyst exclusively contains atomically dispersed FeN4 sites with increased Fe loading relative to other catalysts from wet‐chemistry synthesis. The catalyst exhibited outstanding oxygen‐reduction activity in acidic electrolytes, which was further studied in proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells with encouraging performance.
Evolution of the film properties of 3‐methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane containing waterborne acrylic coatings during storage
Authors: Barquero Aitor , Leiza Jose Ramon 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe use of alkoxysilane monomers is one of the most attractive methods to obtain one‐pot self‐crosslinkable latexes for coating applications. The copolymerization kinetics shows that the alkoxysilane monomer is effectively incorporated into the copolymer. However, the hydrolysis and condensation reactions that give the latex the self‐crosslinking ability can also prematurely happen. As a result, the microstructure of the latex, and consequently of the dried polymer film, will change during the storage. Herein, the evolution of key film properties, such as, water uptake and tensile strength as a function of the storage time of latexes with different alkoxysilane monomer loadings is presented. As storage time increases, there is an improvement on the mechanical properties, obtaining a harder polymer as the result of the development of the hydrolysis and condensation reactions during the first 4 weeks. However, for more extended storage periods (17 weeks) there is a significant decrease in the mechanical performance, because the crosslinking in the latex has developed enough to hinder the film formation.
Facile fabrication of elongated polymer micro/nano discs and their surface adhesiveness
Authors: Tuntanatewin Waranyou , Mekwatanakarn Pinyo , Zhang Hong , Okamura Yosuke 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe key factor of polymer particles using as a drug carrier is the ability to adhere to the surface of the target sites in order to optimize the drug delivery efficiency. To this end, shape of the particles is one of the essential parameters since nonspherical particles such as discs theoretically have more contact surface area than spherical particles. We herein propose a facile method to fabricate elongated polymer micro/nano discs by combining phase separation and a roll‐to‐roll coating process with a stretching method. By roll‐to‐roll coating, biodegradable poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) discs formed on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film can be instantly stretched by uniaxial stretcher. The effect of stretching temperature and percentage of film elongation on the particle morphology was studied. The results showed that the PLGA discs can be elongated and the aspect ratio of 2.3 can be achieved with 600% elongation at 80°C, reflecting the increase of estimated contact surface area by 1.8 times. The adhesion efficiency of these elongated discs was compared with discs before stretching, spheres, and elongated spheres by using the water‐dropping test. The elongated discs showed the best result among these particles and their adhesion efficiency are strongly related to estimated contact surface area.
Thin Ag films adhesive onto flexible substrates with excellent properties for multi‐application
Authors: Chen Dexin , Kang Zhixin , Li Wei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHere, thin Ag films with excellent properties were successfully prepared on flexible substrates through surface grafting and assembling followed by simple spray‐assisted deposition process. The constructed molecule brushes provide the interfacial adhesion for Ag layers onto polymer substrates. The mechanical and electrical properties of the conductive Ag coated PET could be tuned by changing the spraying passes. As the electromagnetic interference shielding material, the composite PET possesses a highest shielding efficiency of 45 dB. In addition, the Ag coated PET with the thickness of 0.1 mm would maintain the 72% electrical conductivity even been folded even at a minimum diameter of 0.2 mm. It was demonstrated that uniform and fine cracks would generate when the Ag coated PET was stretching, but Ag films still retain continuous networks to maintain the high electronic conductivity even stretching to 100%. Simple finite element modeling results prove that the stress by stretching would concentrate in corner of the crack and the deformation is mainly at stress side. The Ag layers were also produced on TPU substrates to detect the stretching, showing its potential applications for strain sensors and health monitoring systems.
Polluting SMEs and the construction of their environmental behaviours: Evidence from Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan Md Nazmul , Anastasiadis Stephanos , Spence Laura J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates how and under what conditions polluting SMEs (small‐scale firms that produce or deal with environmentally sensitive goods such as plastics, hazardous chemicals, textiles, and rawhides) in developing countries address the environmental issues related to their activities—a broadly neglected and under‐studied research agenda. Utilising extensive qualitative data drawn from SMEs operating in two of the most polluting industries in Bangladesh—leather tanning and textile dyeing—and a contextual lens from a developing country perspective, this paper provides insights into the construction of the environmental behaviours enacted by polluting SMEs. The analysis suggests that such behaviours are constructed under a number of micro‐, meso‐, and macro‐level socio‐economic conditions that act as either enablers of or barriers to responsible environmental behaviours, depending on the circumstances. The overall findings show that SMEs address the relevant environmental issues in a complex fashion, and may provide policymakers with support in the design of environmental policies tailored to the practical needs of small‐scale polluting firms.
Efficient production of an ezetimibe intermediate using carbonyl reductase coupled with glucose dehydrogenase
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Jian , Zhou Rong , Wu Di , Tang Ya‐Qun , Wang Meng‐Ying , Liu Zhi‐Qiang , Zheng Yu‐Guo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEzetimibe is a top‐selling hypolipidemic drug for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Biosynthesis of (4S)‐3‐[(5S)‐5‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐5‐hydroxypentanoyl]‐4‐phenyl‐1,3‐oxazolidin‐2‐one ((S)‐ET‐5) using carbonyl reductase has shown advantages including high catalytic efficiency, excellent stereoselectivity, mild reaction conditions, and environmental friendness, and was considered as the key step for ezetimibe production. The regeneration efficiency of the cofactor, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) (NAD(P)H) is one of the main restricted factor. Recombinant Escherichia coli strain (smCR125) coexpressing carbonyl reductase (CR125) and glucose dehydrogenase were successfully constructed and applied for the production of (S)‐ET‐5 for the first time. Without extra addition of the coenzyme NADPH, the yield of 99.8% and the enantiomeric excess (e.e.) of 99.9% were achieved under ET‐4 concentration of 200 g/L. Using a substrate fed‐batch strategy, under the optimal conditions, the substrate ET‐4 concentration was increased to 250 g/L with the yield of 98.9% and the e.e. of 99.9% after 12 hr reaction. The space–time yield of 494.5 g L−1 d−1 and the space–time yield per gram biocatalyst of 24.7 g L−1 d−1 g−1 DCW were achieved, which were higher than ever reported for the biosynthesis of the ezetimibe intermediate.
Construction and application of SPOC‐based flipped classroom teaching mode in Installation Engineering Cost curriculum based on OBE concept
Authors: Zhang Lei , Xuan Yueqing , Zhang Huimin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe combination of the outcome‐based education (OBE) concept and the emerging engineering education is a developing trend of the joint effect of discipline development and social needs. From the perspective of reforming teaching practice, a small private online course (SPOC)‐based flipped classroom teaching mode of Installation Engineering Cost in Hebei Agricultural University based on the OBE concept was built, following the basic process of teaching goals–teaching activities–learning evaluation. These teaching activities including pre‐class, in‐class, and after‐class steps had run for 2 school years on big and small class scales. A questionnaire survey was conducted to analyze the teaching effect after 2 school years of teaching practice. The results showed that through the SPOC‐based flipped classroom teaching mode, final exam scores of students in the Urban and Rural Construction Institute were, on average, 11.11 points higher than those in the Modern Science and Technology Institute in 2017–2018 school year, and 8.32 points higher than those from traditional classroom teaching, indicating that the SPOC‐based flipped classroom teaching on the small class scale had a positive effect on mastery of knowledge. Questionnaire results showed that students' awareness, participation, and satisfaction in flipped classrooms were higher than in traditional classrooms. Compared to the big class teaching, the implementation of small class teaching was more conducive to the cultivation of students' comprehensive abilities. The SPOC‐based flipped classroom teaching mode provides a reference for blended teaching in the future.
A retrospective observational study of intraductal breast papilloma and its coexisting lesions: A real‐world experience
Authors: Li Xiaona , Wang Huan , Sun Zhe , Fan Chuifeng , Jin Feng , Mao Xiaoyun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundBreast intraductal papilloma is a heterogeneous group. The aim of the study is to investigate the intraductal breast papilloma and its coexisting lesions retrospectively in real‐world practice.MethodsWe retrospectively identified 4450 intraductal breast papilloma and its coexisting lesions.ResultsAbout 18.36% of intraductal papilloma coexisted with malignant lesions of the breast, 37.33% coexisted with atypia hyperplasia (AH), 25.24% coexisted with benign lesions, and only 19.10% coexisted without concomitant lesions. In addition, 36.80% of intraductal breast papilloma had nipple discharge, 51.46% had a palpable breast mass, and 16.45% had both nipple discharge and a palpable breast mass. About 28.18% experienced discomfort or were asymptomatic. Furthermore, 98.99% had ultrasound abnormalities, and 53.06% had intraductal hypoechogenicity upon ultrasound. 31.89% had mammographic distortion, and 14.45% had microcalcification upon mammography. Intraductal breast papilloma with malignancy had significant correlations with clinical manifestations.ConclusionCoexisting malignancy was also related to ultrasound abnormality (BIRADS 4C and 5), mammographic distortion, and microcalcification upon mammography but was not related to the intraductal hypoechoic upon ultrasound. Coexisting atypical hyperplasia correlated with nipple discharge but not palpable mass, mammographic distortion, or intraductal hypoechoic upon ultrasound. The coexisting AH was also related to abnormality upon ultrasound or microcalcification compared with the benign lesions. The intraductal papilloma coexists with malignancy or AH accounted for more than 50%, and the clinical information on papilloma and its coexisting lesions is nonspecific. We recommended surgical treatment for benign intraductal papillary lesions.
Dehydrogenation of bioethanol using Cu nanoparticles supported on N‐doped ordered mesoporous carbon
Authors: Pulikkal Thumbayil Rouzana , Christensen David Benjamin , Mielby Jerrik , Kegnæs Søren 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCarbon supported Cu nanoparticles have a remarkable selectivity towards the catalytic dehydrogenation of bioethanol to acetaldehyde, which is an interesting alternative to the preparation from ethylene. In this work, we prepared a series of catalysts comprised of Cu nanoparticles supported on N‐doped ordered mesoporous carbons to investigate the catalytic effect of nitrogen content. Our study shows that N‐doping has a significant effect on the dispersion of Cu nanoparticles and that the highest content of N results in the highest activity. Furthermore, we show that the combined effects of strong metal‐support interactions and nano‐confinement is an effective method to prevent thermal and steam induced sintering. In contrast, we find no evidence that N‐doping activates the substrate or change the rate‐determining step. At 260 °C, the best catalyst results in >99 % selectivity and a site‐time yield of 175 molacetaldehyde/molCu/h. Under these conditions, the catalysts are stable for more than 12 h using an aqueous solution of 10 % ethanol as feed.
Exploring local spatial features in hyperspectral images
Authors: Ahmad Mohamad , Vitale Raffaele , Silva Carolina S. , Ruckebusch Cyril , Cocchi Marina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe propose a methodological framework to extract spatial features in hyperspectral imaging data and establish a link between these features and the spectral regions, capturing the observed structural patterns. The proposed approach consists of five main steps: (i) two‐dimensional stationary wavelet transform (2D‐SWT) is applied to a hyperspectral data cube, decomposing each single‐channel image with a selected wavelet filter up to the maximum decomposition level; (ii) a gray‐level co‐occurrence matrix is calculated for every 2D‐SWT image resulting from stage (i); (iii) distinctive spatial features are determined by computing morphological descriptors from each gray‐level co‐occurrence matrix; (iv) the morphological descriptors are rearranged in a two‐dimensional data array; and (v) this data matrix is subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) for exploring the variability of the aforementioned descriptors across spectral channels. As a result, groups of spectral wavelengths associated to specific spatial features can be pointed out yielding a better understanding and interpretation of the data. In principle, this information can also be further exploited, for example, to improve the separation of pure spectral profiles in a multivariate curve resolution context.
A Mechanistic Study of the Multiple Roles of Oleic Acid in the Oil‐Phase Synthesis of Pt Nanocrystals
Authors: Xie Minghao , Lyu Zhiheng , Chen Ruhui , Xia Younan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOleic acid (OAc) is commonly used as a surfactant and/or solvent for the oil‐phase synthesis of metal nanocrystals but its explicit roles are yet to be resolved. Here, we report a systematic study of this problem by focusing on a synthesis that simply involves heating of Pt(acac)2 in OAc for the generation of Pt nanocrystals. When heated at 80 °C, the ligand exchange between Pt(acac)2 and OAc leads to the formation of a PtII–oleate complex that serves as the actual precursor to Pt atoms. Upon increasing the temperature to 120 °C, the decarbonylation of OAc produces CO, which can act as a reducing agent for the generation of Pt atoms and thus formation of nuclei. Afterwards, several catalytic reactions can take place on the surface of the Pt nuclei to produce more CO, which also serves as a capping agent for the formation of Pt nanocrystals enclosed by {100} facets. The emergence of Pt nanocrystals further promotes the autocatalytic surface reduction of PtII precursor to enable the continuation of growth. This work not only elucidates the critical roles of OAc at different stages in a synthesis of Pt nanocrystals, but also represents a pivotal step forward toward the rational synthesis of metal nanocrystals.