bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yakima Valley Farm Workers Clinic oral health transformation project
Authors: Koday Mark , Davis Stephen , Melbye Molly 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThe Yakima Valley Farm Workers Clinic (YVFWC) is one of the largest community health centers in the country with clinics throughout south‐central Washington and northern Oregon. Its dental program consists of 14 dental clinics providing general and specialty services to the low‐income populations it serves. Modeling itself after the YVFWC medical managed care program; the Dental program recently added value‐based metrics to its dental practice after Oregon offered a value‐based dental reimbursement plan in 2019. This is the first‐step YVFWC's dental program that has taken to prepare for value‐based reimbursement and transform its dental practice in order to reduce the disease burden in its patient population. The purpose of this article is to describe the processes YVFWC undertook to prepare itself for the new reimbursement model, which included the development of metrics, a metric validation process, a clinical dashboard, and a method for improving metrics. It also outlines its medical/dental integration improvement brought about by embedding hygienists into the medical primary care teams.
The effect of blood transfusion on sublingual microcirculation in critically ill patients: A scoping review
Authors: Liu Wanglin , He Huaiwu , Ince Can , Long Yun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effects of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion on sublingual microcirculation in critically ill patients.MethodsSystematic strategy was conducted to search studies that measured sublingual microcirculation before and after transfusion in critically ill patients. This review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses Scoping Review Extension.ResultsThe literature search yielded 114 articles. A total of 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. Observational evidence showed diffusive capacity of the microcirculation significantly improved in intraoperative and anemic hematologic patients after transfusion, while the convective parameters significantly improved in traumatic patients. RBC transfusion improved both diffusive and convective microcirculatory parameters in hypovolemic hemorrhagic shock patients. Most of the studies enrolled septic patients showed no microcirculatory improvements after transfusion. The positive effects of the leukoreduction were insufficiently supported. The effects of the storage time of the RBCs were not conclusive. The majority of the evidence supported a negative correlation between baseline proportion of perfused vessels (PPV) and changes in PPV.ConclusionsThis scoping review has catalogued evidence that RBC transfusion differently improves sublingual microcirculation in different populations. The existing evidence is not sufficient to conclude the effects of the leukoreduction and storage time of RBCs.
The return of economic nationalism to East Central Europe: Right‐wing intellectual milieus and anti‐liberal resentment
Authors: Varga Mihai 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article emphasises the non‐economic goals of economic nationalism and in particular its often overlooked political goals. Drawing parallels between economic nationalisms in Central Europe and East Asia, it focuses on Poland and Hungary and asks why did these countries turn to economic nationalism. The article traces this turn to ideational foundations developed by right‐wing intellectuals over the last two decades, arguing that right‐wing intellectuals believed that liberalism has failed what they conceived of its most important (political) purpose, the need of a radical break with the communist past. Based on a study of the writings and careers of leading Polish and Hungarian right‐wing intellectuals, the article draws attention to the nature of the perceived threat to the nation. It contributes to the sociology of nationalism an analysis of how such a threat emerges and translates into a guiding idea of illiberal economic policies.
Arabidopsis AZG2 transports cytokinins in vivo and regulates lateral root emergence
Authors: Tessi Tomás M. , Brumm Sabine , Winklbauer Eva , Schumacher Benjamin , Pettinari Georgina , Lescano Ignacio , González Claudio A. , Wanke Dierk , Maurino Verónica G. , Harter Klaus , Desimone Marcelo 
Published: October 2020

Summary

Cytokinin and auxin are key regulators of plant growth and development. During the last decade transport mechanisms have turned out to be the key for the control of local and long‐distance hormone distributions. In contrast with auxin, cytokinin transport is poorly understood.

Here, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana AZG2, a member of the AZG purine transporter family, acts as cytokinin transporter involved in root system architecture determination. Even though purines are substrates for both AZG1 and AZG2, we found distinct transport mechanisms.

The expression of AZG2 is restricted to a small group of cells surrounding the lateral root (LR) primordia and induced by auxins. Compared to the wild‐type (WT), mutants carrying loss‐of‐function alleles of AZG2 have higher LR density, suggesting that AZG2 is part of a regulatory pathway in LR emergence. Moreover, azg2 is partially insensitive to exogenous cytokinin, which is consistent with the observation that the cytokinin reporter TCSnpro:GFP showed lower fluorescence signal in the roots of azg2 compared to the WT.

These results indicate a defective cytokinin signalling pathway in the region of LR primordia. The integration of AZG2 subcellular localization and cytokinin transport capacity data allowed us to propose a local cytokinin : auxin signalling model for the regulation of LR emergence.
Production and turnover of mycorrhizal soil mycelium relate to variation in drought conditions in Mediterranean Pinus pinaster, Pinus sylvestris and Quercus ilex forests
Authors: Hagenbo Andreas , Piñuela Yasmine , Castaño Carles , Martínez de Aragón Juan , de‐Miguel Sergio , Alday Josu G. , Bonet José Antonio 
Published: October 2020

Summary

In forests, ectomycorrhizal mycelium is pivotal for driving soil carbon and nutrient cycles, but how ectomycorrhizal mycelial dynamics vary in ecosystems with drought periods is unknown. We quantified the production and turnover of mycorrhizal mycelium in Mediterranean Pinus pinaster, Pinus sylvestris and Quercus ilex forests and related the estimates to standardised precipitation index (SPI), to study how mycelial dynamics relates to tree species and drought‐moisture conditions.

Production and turnover of mycelium was estimated between July and February, by quantifying the fungal biomass (ergosterol) in ingrowth mesh bags and using statistical modelling. SPI for time scales of 1–3 months was calculated from precipitation records and precipitation data over the study period.

Forests dominated by Pinus trees displayed higher biomass but were seasonally more variable, as opposed to Q. ilex forests where the mycelial biomass remained lower and stable over the season. Production and turnover, respectively, varied between 1.4–5.9 kg ha−1 d−1 and 7.2–9.9 times yr−1 over the different forest types and were positively correlated with 2‐month and 3‐month SPI over the study period.

Our results demonstrated that mycorrhizal mycelial biomass varied with season and tree species and we speculate that production and turnover are related to physiology and plant host performance during drought.
Leadless pacemaker: State of the art and incoming developments to broaden indications
Authors: Curnis Antonio , Salghetti Francesca , Cerini Manuel , Fabbricatore Davide , Ghizzoni Giulia , Arrigoni Luca , Generati Greta , Arabia Gianmarco , Maiolo Vincenzo , Aboelhassan Mohamed , Bontempi Luca 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTheleadless pacemaker (LLPM) therapy has been developed in recent years to overcome the transvenous lead and device pocket‐related complications. The LLPMs now available are self‐contained right ventricular pacemakers and are limited to single‐chamber ventricular pacing modality. This literature review deals with the current status of LLPM technology and current areas of clinical applicability. The safety and efficacy outcomes published from randomized clinical trials and real world registries are analyzed and compared with historical conventional transvenous pacemaker data. Furthermore, new pacing modalities and future perspectives to broaden the clinical use and cover most of pacing indications are discussed. Due to the overall safe and effective profile in the short term and intermediate term, also in fragile patients, the LLPM use is constantly growing in daily clinical practice. Actually, it can be considered a landmark innovation, through which a new era of cardiac pacing has begun.
Coaching for the pediatric anesthesiologist: Becoming our best selves
Authors: Schwartz Jamie McElrath , Wittkugel Eric , Markowitz Scott D. , Lee Jennifer K. , Deutsch Nina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAnesthesiologists must balance demanding clinical workloads with career development goals. Leadership, conflict management, and other skills can improve medical outcomes, reduce stress at work, and increase career satisfaction. However, Medicine in general and Anesthesiology in particular have not traditionally emphasized physician growth in these areas. Coaching utilizes concepts from psychology, adult learning, and adult development theory to support an individual in personal and professional growth through inquiry, reflection, and shared discovery. This manuscript reviews the history and evidence basis for coaching, differentiates coaching from traditional mentorship, and presents some constructs of coaching and working with a coach. An example of a successful pilot program to disseminate coaching skills and support leadership growth among anesthesiologists, the Women's Empowerment and Leadership Initiative within the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia, is described.
Three AP2/ERF family members modulate flavonoid synthesis by regulating type IV chalcone isomerase in citrus
Authors: Zhao Chenning , Liu Xiaojuan , Gong Qin , Cao Jinping , Shen Wanxia , Yin Xueren , Grierson Donald , Zhang Bo , Xu Changjie , Li Xian , Chen Kunsong , Sun Chongde 
Published: October 2020

SummaryFlavanones and flavones are excellent source of bioactive compounds but the molecular basis of their highly efficient production remains elusive. Chalcone isomerase (CHI) family proteins play essential roles in flavonoid biosynthesis but little are known about the transcription factors controlling their gene expression. Here, we identified a type IV CHI (designated as CitCHIL1) from citrus which enhances the accumulation of citrus flavanones and flavones (CFLs). CitCHIL1 participates in a CFL biosynthetic metabolon and assists the cyclization of naringenin chalcone to (2S)‐naringenin, which leads to the efficient influx of substrates to chalcone synthase (CHS) and improves the catalytic efficiency of CHS. Overexpressing CitCHIL1 in Citrus and Arabidopsis significantly increased flavonoid content and RNA interference‐induced silencing of CitCHIL1 in citrus led to a 43% reduction in CFL content. Three AP2/ERF transcription factors were identified as positive regulators of the CitCHIL1 expression. Of these, two dehydration‐responsive element binding (DREB) proteins, CitERF32 and CitERF33, activated the transcription by directly binding to the CGCCGC motif in the promoter, while CitRAV1 (RAV: related to ABI3/VP1) formed a transcription complex with CitERF33 that strongly enhanced the activation efficiency and flavonoid accumulation. These results not only illustrate the specific function that CitCHIL1 executes in CFL biosynthesis but also reveal a new DREB‐RAV transcriptional complex regulating flavonoid production.
Dhh‐expressing Schwann cell precursors contribute to skin and cochlear melanocytes, but not to vestibular melanocytes
Authors: Bonnamour Grégoire , Soret Rodolphe , Pilon Nicolas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFor a long time, melanocytes were believed to be exclusively derived from neural crest cells migrating from the neural tube toward the developing skin. This notion was then challenged by studies suggesting that melanocytes could also be made from neural crest‐derived Schwann cell precursors (SCPs) on peripheral nerves. A SCP origin was inferred from lineage tracing studies in mice using a Plp1 promoter‐controlled Cre driver transgene (Plp1‐CreERT2) and a fluorescent Rosa26 locus‐controlled Cre reporter allele (Rosa26FloxSTOP‐YFP). However, doubts were raised in part because another SCP‐directed Cre driver controlled by the Dhh promoter (Dhh‐Cre) was apparently unable to label melanocytes when used with a non‐fluorescent Rosa26 locus‐controlled Cre reporter (Rosa26FloxSTOP‐LacZ). Here, we report that the same Dhh‐Cre driver line can efficiently label melanocytes when used in a pure FVB/N background together with the fluorescent instead of the non‐fluorescent Rosa26 locus‐controlled Cre reporter. Our data further suggest that the vast majority of skin melanocytes are SCP‐derived. Interestingly, we also discovered that SCPs contribute inner ear melanocytes in a region‐specific manner, extensively contributing to the cochlea but not to the vestibule.
Outcomes of pediatric liver transplant are unaffected by the time or day of surgery
Authors: Rogers Michael E. , Egberg Matthew D. , Sylvester Francisco , Lichtman Steven , Lin Feng‐Chang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn adults, the time of day for LT does not affect post‐transplant outcomes. Whether this is true or not in children is unknown. In this study, we aimed to evaluate if weekend and weeknight liver transplants are associated with worse patient and graft survival in children.MethodsWe interrogated the UNOS database for outcomes of pediatric liver transplants that occurred between 1988 and 2018. We excluded liver transplants in patients >17 years as well as all multiple organ transplants. We compared weeknight and weekday, as well as weekend transplant operations. We used Cox proportional hazard ratios to determine patient and graft survival by 7, 30, 90, and 365 days post‐transplant after controlling for confounding factors.ResultsIn total, 12,610 pediatric liver transplants were included in the analysis. A total of 4590 transplants occurred during weekdays, 3671 transplants occurred during weeknights, and 4349 occurred during weekends. After controlling for confounding variables, 1‐year patient survival was not associated with worse outcomes if the transplant occurred on the weeknight (HR 0.94, 95%CI 0.74‐1.21) or weekend (HR 0.95, 95%CI 0.75‐1.20) compared to the weekday. One‐year graft survival was also not associated with worse outcomes if the transplant occurred on the weeknight (HR 0.91, 95%CI 0.76‐1.09) or weekend (HR 0.91, 95%CI 0.77‐1.09) compared to the weekday.ConclusionWeekday, weeknight, and weekend procedures resulted in similar 1‐year survival rates. Pediatric patient and graft survival outcomes are not affected by the time or day of surgery.
Ecology‐based analysis of a recent association between Spartium junceum and 16SrV phytoplasma
Authors: Rizza Serena , Rossi Marika , Spallino Rosa E. , Tedeschi Rosemarie , Marzachì Cristina , Catara Vittoria , Tessitori Matilde 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAn outbreak of Spartium witches’ broom (SpaWB) in Sicily prompted us to identify and characterize associated phytoplasmas. Over 80 samples of Spanish broom (Spartium junceum) and around 270 individuals of the potential vector Livilla spectabilis were collected and analysed. Single and mixed infections of 16SrV and ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma spartii’ were detected in Spanish broom samples and for the first time in L. spectabilis. The 16SrV isolates were further characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to determine their phylogenetic relationship with flavescence dorée phytoplasma (FDp) and to evaluate the risk of host‐jumping to grapevine. Phylogenetic analysis of most of the analysed genes using the MLST approach grouped S. junceum 16SrV‐C isolates with FDp isolates infecting grapevine and Scaphoideus titanus. Notably, phylogenetic analysis of the vmpA gene clustered the S. junceum isolates with FDp genotypes transmitted by S. titanus. This study extends the knowledge of SpaWB epidemiology, focusing on the possible risk of a 16SrV host jump from Spanish broom to grapevine. Spanish broom was identified as a reservoir and potential inoculum source of phytoplasmas that cause severe disease in cultivated crops. Furthermore, the L. spectabilis psyllid may be involved in the epidemiology of this 16SrV‐C phytoplasma, although in the absence of in vivo transmission trials. The study further confirms the strong ability of phytoplasmas to adapt to new hosts and vectors, thus leading to potential phytosanitary emergencies.
Involvement of boron transporter BOR1 in growth under low boron and high nitrate conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Wang Qing , Zhang Wenna , Xiao Hua , Sotta Naoyuki , Beier Marcel P. , Takano Junpei , Miwa Kyoko , Gao Lihong , Fujiwara Toru 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBOR1 is an efflux transporter of boron (B), responsible for loading B into the xylem. It has been reported that nitrate (NO3−) concentrations significantly influence B concentrations in leaves and BOR1 mRNA accumulation in roots. Here, to unravel the interactive effects of B and NO3− on plant growth and the function of BOR1 under the combination of B and NO3−, seedling growth was analyzed in Col‐0 and bor1 mutants. The growth of bor1 mutants was negatively affected by high NO3− but neither by potassium chloride (KCl) nor ammonium (NH4+) under low B conditions, suggesting the involvement of BOR1 in growth under high NO3−. Mutants of bor2 and bor4 did not exhibit such growth responses, suggesting that this effect was specific to BOR1 among the BORs tested. Under low B conditions, loss of the BOR1 function led to a more significant decrease in B concentrations in the presence of high NO3− compared to normal NO3−. Additionally, grafting experiments demonstrated that these effects of NO3− occurred when BOR1 is absent in roots. High NO3− treatment elevated BOR1 mRNA accumulation while the BOR1 protein accumulation was downregulated. These apparent opposite responses indicated that the transcriptional and (post‐)translational regulations follow different patterns. Our work provides evidence of a novel regulation of BOR1 and another B transport system by both B and NO3− in an interactive manner.
Functional immune monitoring of BK Virus and donor‐specific T‐cell effector immune responses to guide treatment decision‐making after kidney transplantation; an illustrative case report and literature review
Authors: Lepore Marta , Crespo Elena , Melilli Edoardo , Cruzado Josep M. , Torija Alba , Grinyó Josep M. , Bestard Oriol 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDifferential diagnosis between Polyoma virus associated‐nephropathy (PVAN) and T‐cell mediated rejection (TCMR) might be challenging, as respective treatment approaches are totally opposite. Here we report the illustrative case of a kidney transplant recipient with PVAN who developed a persistent acute TCMR after full abrogation of viral infection through immunosuppression modulation. By simultaneous functional immune monitoring of BKV and donor‐specific T‐cell responses using IFN‐γELISPOT assay, we retrospectively demonstrated the predominant effector mechanisms responsible of allograft injury and thus, potential guidance for treatment decision‐making. Furthermore, the evidence of an efficient T‐cell alloimmunity abrogation accompanied by a sustained anti‐viral response after sirolimus addition, promotes the potential benefit of converting patients to an mTOR‐based immunosuppression in case of PVAN.
Viscoelastic testing in benign hematologic disorders: Clinical perspectives and future implications of point‐of‐care testing to assess hemostatic competence
Authors: Speybroeck Jacob , Marsee Mathew , Shariff Faadil , Zackariya Nuha , Grisoli Anne , Lune Stefani Vande , Larson Emilee E. , Hatch Jordan , McCauley Ross , Shariff Faisal , Aversa John G. , Son Michael , Agostini Vanessa , Campello Elena , Simioni Paolo , Scărlătescu Escaterina , Kwaan Hau , Hartmann Jan , Fries Dietmar , Walsh Mark 
Published: October 2020

AbstractViscoelastic tests (VETs) have been used routinely for liver transplantation, cardiac surgery, and trauma, but only recently have found clinical utility in benign hematologic disorders. Therefore, guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of these disorders based on viscoelastic variables have been adapted from the existing transplant, cardiothoracic surgery, and trauma resuscitation literature. As a result, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for benign hematologic disorders utilizing VETs are not uniform. Accordingly, even though there has been a recent increase in the utilization of VET for the diagnosis and treatment of such disorders, the literature is still in its early stages. Analysis of point‐of‐care viscoelastic tracings from benign hematologic disorders has the potential to allow prompt recognition of disease and to guide patient‐specific intervention. Here we present a review describing the application of VETs to benign hematologic disorders.
Viscoelastic testing in oncology patients (including for the diagnosis of fibrinolysis): Review of existing evidence, technology comparison, and clinical utility
Authors: Walsh Mark , Kwaan Hau , McCauley Ross , Marsee Mathew , Speybroeck Jacob , Thomas Scott , Hatch Jordan , Vande Lune Stefani , Grisoli Anne , Wadsworth Sarah , Shariff Faisal , Aversa John G. , Shariff Faadil , Zackariya Nuha , Khan Rashid , Agostini Vanessa , Campello Elena , Simioni Paolo , Scărlătescu Escaterina , Hartmann Jan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe quantification of the coagulopathic state associated with oncologic and hematologic diseases is imperfectly assessed by common coagulation tests such as prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen levels, and platelet count. These tests provide a static representation of a component of hemostatic integrity, presenting an incomplete picture of coagulation in these patients. Viscoelastic tests (VETs), such as rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) and thromboelastography (TEG), as whole blood analyses, provide data related to the cumulative effects of blood components and all stages of the coagulation and fibrinolytic processes. The utility of VETs has been demonstrated since the late 1960s in guiding blood component therapy for patients undergoing liver transplantation. Since then, the scope of viscoelastic testing has expanded to become routinely used for cardiac surgery, obstetrics, and trauma. In the past decade, VETs' expanded usage has been most significant in trauma resuscitation. However, use of VETs for patients with malignancy‐associated coagulopathy (MAC) and hematologic malignancies is increasing. For the purposes of this narrative review, we discuss the similarities between trauma‐induced coagulopathy (TIC) and MAC. These similarities center on the thrombomodulin‐thrombin complex as it switches between the thrombin‐activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor coagulation pathway and activating the protein C anticoagulation pathway. This produces a spectrum of coagulopathy and fibrinolytic alterations ranging from shutdown to hyperfibrinolysis that are common to TIC, MAC, and hematologic malignancies. There is expanding literature regarding the utility of TEG and ROTEM to describe the hemostatic integrity of patients with oncologic and hematologic conditions, which we review here.