bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Random Holography: Generating EPR‐Like Correlation with Thermal Photons
Authors: Ye Zhiyuan , Hou Wanting , Ding Chen‐Xin , Men Xue‐Jiao , He Run‐Jie , Zhao Jilun , Wang Hai‐Bo , Xiong Jun , Wang Kaige 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEntanglement and correlation of photons play a central role in quantum information and communication. There are two types of photon correlations: one usually exists in a two‐particle entangled state first conceived by Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen (EPR) in 1935, while the other occurs in a thermal light source found by Hanbury Brown and Twiss (HBT) in 1956. Many studies are concerned with the physical nature and differences behind the two types of photon correlations. Here, a holography‐inspired linear optical system that generates a pair of conjugate chaotic beams is proposed, which include both HBT‐type and EPR‐like correlations. From principle to experimental generation, the study presents a classical paradigm of a simple bi‐correlation light source for diverse quantum‐mimic applications such as two‐photon imaging.
Novel Implicit Integration Algorithms With Identical Second‐Order Accuracy and Flexible Dissipation Control for First‐Order Transient Problems
Authors: Li Jinze , Cui Naigang , Zhu Yijun , Yu Kaiping 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTFor the solutions of first‐order transient problems with optimal efficiency, conventional single‐step implicit methodologies, unaided by additional post‐processing techniques, encounter limitations in concurrently attaining identical second‐order accuracy and controllable numerical dissipation. Addressing this challenge, the present study contributes not only a comprehensive analytical framework for formulating implicit integration algorithms but also leverages the auxiliary variable and the composite sub‐step technique to propose two distinct types of implicit integration algorithms. Each type is characterized by self‐initiation, unconditional stability, identical second‐order accuracy, controllable numerical dissipation, and zero‐order overshoots. Recognizing that single‐step implicit methods can be conceptualized as composite single‐sub‐step ones, both algorithm types achieve identical effective stiffness matrices, thereby reducing the computational effort for solving linear problems. The utilization of auxiliary variables endows the proposed single‐step method with numerical attributes akin to established counterparts, while achieving identical second‐order accuracy. Conversely, the adoption of the composite sub‐step technique in the proposed two‐sub‐step methods surpasses the published algorithms by significantly reducing the error constants. This superiority persists when enforcing the same sub‐step sizes and sub‐step dissipation levels. Numerical simulations affirm that the proposed methods consistently outperform existing alternatives without incurring additional computational expenses.
The value of field studies in earth and environmental sciences: A review
Authors: Chitty Enya G. , Hesp Patrick A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractField studies are defined here as any study of the natural world that occurs beyond classrooms. There is rising concern for the future of field studies in Earth and Environmental Sciences in Higher Education, despite being core to environmental inquiry, as cost‐cutting across the sector was intensified by the COVID‐19 pandemic. This paper reviews the value of fieldwork and provides an overview of its benefits. We show that field studies improve student academic performance, cognition, critical thinking, practical skills, inquiry, and writing skills. Fieldwork accelerates personal development, leads to greater student engagement, and develops confidence and resilience. Students prefer institutions that have more fieldwork opportunities, and this is reflected in higher enrollment and retention rates. Field trips at the undergraduate level transform students into scholars, and the practical skills and experience acquired on field trips are vocational competencies sought out by industry, thereby increasing graduate employability. Courses that incorporate field studies deliver a range of measurable outcomes that elevate student abilities proportionally to the level of immersion in the field. We demonstrate that courses that incorporate field studies are prized by industry, students, and educators alike, and should be recognized as an essential part of higher education courses.
Spatial predictors of landowners' engagement in the restoration of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: Pienkowski Thomas , Freni Sterrantino Anna , Tedesco Anazelia M. , Clark Matt , Brancalion Pedro H. S. , Jagadish Arundhati , Mendes Alex , Pugliese de Siqueira Ludmila , Mills Morena 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Forest restoration can potentially contribute to multiple global sustainable development goals. Yet, little is known about the factors associated with local actors' choice to engage in restoration, limiting the development of effective scaling strategies.

Our study examines the spatial socio‐ecological factors associated with landowners' engagement in forest restoration, documented by the Atlantic Forest Restoration Pact in Brazil. We draw on Diffusion of Innovations theory to model associations between forest restoration and explanatory variables among 222,000 private properties in the Atlantic Forest.

Properties with the highest cattle densities were 163.9% more likely to be restored (95% CI: 131.1%–201.3%) than those with the lowest. Large properties had a 120.0% higher restoration probability (95% CI: 90.9%–153.5%) than medium ones. Compared to reference levels, associations between forest cover (in 2010) and restoration probability were ambiguous, but properties with greater forest loss (1990–2010) were 9.0% less likely to be restored (95% CI: −12.5% to −5.3%). Properties with water bodies were 22.2% more likely to be restored (95% CI: 8.9%–37.1%), while upland properties were 46.6% less likely (95% CI: 32.3%–57.8%), and those with the highest ruggedness 22.2% less likely (95% CI: 12.4%–30.9%). Longer travel times to urban areas reduced restoration likelihood by 48.3% (95% CI: 39.7%–55.8%). Properties in the highest road distance quantile were 11.1% more likely to be restored (95% CI: 0.1%–23.2%). High forest management levels reduced restoration likelihood by 52.6% (95% CI: 15.5%–73.6%), while densely populated areas increased it by 53.8% (95% CI: 35.6%–74.4%). Properties in wealthier municipalities were more likely to be restored (54.7%, 95% CI 10.8%–116.4%).

Landowners' decision‐making appears responsive to legislative requirements (on minimum forest cover and afforestation around waterbodies), underscoring their value for promoting restoration. Commercial landowners might have greater incentives to restore or be selectively targeted by restoration organisations, risking the marginalisation of smallholders in poorer areas from restoration agendas. Engagement with forest restoration is highest where there are more people and lower travel times to cities, suggesting restoration can potentially deliver ecological benefits in some of Brazil's most degraded landscapes.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Kidney Function and Body Composition in Adult Survivors of Unilateral, Non‐Syndromic Wilms Tumor: A Report From the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study
Authors: Green Daniel M. , Li Kendrick , Kaste Sue C. , Ness Kirsten K. , Krasin Matthew J. , Xie Lu , Wilson Carmen L. , Srivastava DeoKumar , Jay Dennis W. , Davidoff Andrew M. , Zahr Rima S. , Taneja Siddhant , Shelton Kyla C. , Lanctot Jennifer Q. , Dixon Stephanie B. , Ehrhardt Matthew J. , Mulrooney Daniel A. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Robison Leslie L. , Hudson Melissa M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe relationships among treatment exposures, body composition, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in adult survivors of Wilms tumor have not been well studied.MethodsWe evaluated body composition with dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) and eGFR with the updated Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equations (creatinine only—eGFRCr, cystatin C only—eGFRCysC, creatinine and cystatin C—eGFRCr+CysC) without race in 134 adults previously treated for unilateral, non‐syndromic Wilms tumor at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital between 1964 and 2004 with chemotherapy and with (hemiabdomen [HA] or whole abdomen [WA]) or without radiation therapy (RT). Z‐scores for DXA variables were calculated using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.ResultsWART was associated with a lower relative total (p = 0.004) and trunk (p < 0.001) lean mass, eGFRCr (p = 0.008), eGFRCysC, (p < 0.001), and eGFRCr+CysC (p < 0.001), and higher values of cystatin C (p < 0.001). Linear regression demonstrated that relative total lean mass (p = 0.009) and relative trunk lean mass (p < 0.001) Z‐scores, and eGFRCr (p = 0.013) were lower among those who received WART compared to No RT patients.ConclusionsWART is associated with lower relative total and trunk lean mass Z‐scores and eGFR, regardless of the equation used, and is lower in survivors treated with WART compared to unirradiated survivors of unilateral, non‐syndromic WT. Assessments using other GFR measures may provide greater insight into the mechanism and magnitude of kidney function loss among WART‐treated WT survivors.
Interfacial and mechanical properties of silane coupling agent interface‐modified basalt fiber reinforced thermoplastic polypropylene resin composites
Authors: Zhang Zhiqiang , Sun Wenhao , Huang Weipeng , Zhu Yanchao , Li Juntao , Liang Ce , Gao Shuang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBasalt fiber (BF)‐reinforced thermoplastic composites are not only made with little environmental pollution and recyclable, with obvious environmental value, but also have excellent mechanical properties, excellent resistance to high temperature and corrosion. In the present study, modifications to the interface of BF were performed using monoaminosilane and diaminosilane agents, specifically 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (SATMS) and N‐(2‐aminoethyl)‐3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (DATMS), along with a urea‐modified silane, 3‐urethylpropyltrimethoxysilane (SUTMS). These modifications were evaluated against one another. Utilizing a film lamination technique, composites of BF and thermoplastic polypropylene resin (BF‐PP) were fabricated. Analytical assessments included examining the modified fibers' surface morphology, chemical structure, and roughness. Mechanical assessments of the modified BF‐PP composites were conducted, revealing that composites treated with the urea‐inclusive silane agent (BF/SUTMS‐PP) exhibited superior performance, enhancing flexural strength by 26%, tensile strength by 22.4%, and notched Izod impact strength by 21%. However, because of the lower thermal stability of SUTMS, when the processing temperature exceeds 240°C, there is a decomposition of the heated Y‐base end, thus affecting the mechanical properties of BF/SUTMS‐PP.Highlights
The basalt fibers were modified by SATMS, DATMS, and SUTMS.
The urea‐containing silane coupling agent has the strongest enhancement effect.
Composite reinforced with SUTMS‐BF displayed the best mechanical properties.
Mechanism of the performance difference and effect of blow‐up ratio parameters on biodegradable poly (butyleneadipate‐co‐terephthalate)/polylactide composite mulch films
Authors: Wu Xuan , Zhang Kun , Zhang Bing , Shang Xiwang , Liu Jiahuan , Liu Yulin , Zhang Xinyue , Wang Qiuhong , Xie Jiazhuo , Xu Jing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe development and application of biodegradable mulching film is an efficient way to solve the “white pollution” of farmland. In the actual production, we found that the mulch film produced by different processing technology with the same formula showed quite different application properties. Here, the poly (butyleneadipate‐co‐terephthalate)/polylactide (PBAT/PLA) composite films with two die/screw diameters and eight blow‐up ratio were prepared by extrusion blowing. Results showed increasing blow‐up ratio can significantly improve the tensile strength at the transverse direction. In addition, the optical and water vapor barrier performances of the PBAT/PLA composite films were slightly effected. With the increasing of blow‐up ratio, the transverse molecular chain orientation of the polymer increases, resulting in changes in mechanical performance. This work can contribute to better understand the relationship between the performance and the manufacturing parameters of the biodegradable mulching films and foster the end‐user confidence in the eco‐friendly biodegradable mulch films.Highlights
Eight PBAT/PLA mulch films with different blow‐up ratios were obtained.
The properties of PBAT/PLA mulch films were mainly affected by blow‐up ratio.
The relation between performance and manufacturing parameters was clarified.
Die and screw diameter have no significant effect on film properties.
Design of a yeast SUMO tag to eliminate internal translation initiation
Authors: Law Jamison D. , Gao Yuan , Wysocki Vicki H. , Gopalan Venkat 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAfter overexpression in a suitable host, recombinant protein purification often relies on affinity (e.g., poly‐histidine) and solubility‐enhancing (e.g., small ubiquitin‐like‐modifier [SUMO]) tags. Following purification, these tags are removed to avoid their interference with target protein structure and function. The wide use of N‐terminal His6‐SUMO fusions is partly due to efficient cleavage of the SUMO tag's C‐terminal Gly‐Gly motif by the Ulp1 SUMO protease and generation of the native N‐terminus of the target protein. While adopting this system to purify the Salmonella homodimeric FraB deglycase, we discovered that Shine–Dalgarno (SD) sequences in the eukaryotic SUMO tag resulted in truncated proteins. This finding has precedents for synthesis of partial proteins in Escherichia coli from cryptic ribosome‐binding sites within eukaryotic coding sequences. The SUMO open reading frame has two “GGNGGN” motifs that resemble SD sequences, one of which encodes the Gly‐Gly motif required for Ulp1 cleavage. By mutating these SD sequences, we generated SUMONIT (no internal translation), a variant that eliminated production of the truncated proteins without affecting the levels of full‐length His6‐SUMO‐FraB or Ulp1 cleavage. SUMONIT should be part of the toolkit for enhancing SUMO fusion protein yield, purity, and homogeneity (especially for homo‐oligomers). Moreover, we showcase the value of native mass spectrometry in revealing the complications that arise from generation of truncated proteins, as well as oxidation events and protease inhibitor adducts, which are indiscernible by commonly employed lower resolution methods.
Dynamic Event‐Triggered Output‐Feedback Control for Large‐Scale Feedforward Nonlinear Discrete‐Time Impulsive Systems
Authors: Fan Debao , Zhang Xianfu , Qi Yanan , Li Hanfeng 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis article addresses the dynamic event‐triggered output‐feedback control problem for a class of large‐scale feedforward nonlinear discrete‐time impulsive systems. The investigated systems are allowed to contain impulse effects, discrete‐time dynamics, and large‐scale coupled characteristics, which brings substantial difficulties to the event‐triggered control. It is worth noting that this scenario has not been considered in the existing works. For that, a novel dynamic event‐triggered output‐feedback control strategy is proposed in this article. Specifically, we apply a gain scaling approach to cope with system uncertainties and employ an average impulsive interval technique to suppress the undesirable impulse effects. Then, a novel low‐gain discrete‐time impulsive observer is constructed to estimate the unmeasurable system states. After that, a dynamic event‐triggered output‐feedback controller, which has a concise linear‐like form, is delicately designed to ensure that all the signals of the resulting closed‐loop system are globally bounded, and the system states converge to the origin. Moreover, by enhancing the gain scaling mechanism, we further develop an improved output‐feedback control strategy to counteract stronger nonlinearities. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is demonstrated by a practical simulation example.
A Resilient Event‐Triggered Control Scheme for Nonlinear Multi‐Agent Systems Under Communication Delays and Denial‐Of‐Service Attacks
Authors: Fu Minrui , Yang Haichuan , Yu Ziquan , Zhang Youmin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the resilient event‐triggered control (ETC) for nonlinear multi‐agent systems in the presence of communication delays and denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks. The communication delays and asynchronous DoS attack are considered for each communication link. Based on sampling‐receiving events and DoS attack events, flow and jump sets are formulated to describe the system's transmission time status. An independent event‐triggering mechanism (ETM) is designed for each communication link. Furthermore, a resilient control scheme is constructed in which sufficient conditions for achieving system input‐output stability are provided, including the constraints of frequency and DoS attack duration, the conditions of Lyapunov functions, and the maximally allowable transmission interval. Finally, the attitude cooperative control problem of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (multi‐UAVs) is adopted as a simulation example. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Almost Dynamic Output Regulation for Switched T‐S Fuzzy Systems
Authors: Yu Shuanghe , Xu Jingjie , Zhao Ying 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis article studies the almost output regulation (OR) issue for switched Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy systems (T‐SFS) with the OR and the disturbance suppression properties simultaneously considered. A switched fuzzy dynamic output feedback controller (OFC) is firstly constructed for switched T‐SFS with modeled and unmodeled disturbances. By considering the average dwell‐time (ADT) constraint and introducing different coordinate transformations of subsystems, a solvability condition on the almost OR issue of switched T‐SFS is then established with the multiple Lyapunov functions method. Furthermore, the controller gains are designed to drive the switched T‐SFS to satisfy the OR and ‐gain properties. Finally, a simulation case is provided to validate the feasibility of the offered control technique.
Research progress on the first‐night effect in polysomnography studies
Authors: Zhang Yuting , Chen Kun , Xu Yunxia , Wu Huijuan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe first‐night effect (FNE) is a prevalent occurrence in sleep monitoring that can impact the accuracy of monitoring results, encompassing both FNE and reverse first‐night effect. FNE is characterized by extended sleep onset latency, reduced total sleep time, diminished sleep efficiency, prolonged wake‐time after sleep onset, among other manifestations. The physiological and psychological mechanisms underlying FNE are primarily linked to acute stress induced by the environment and heightened levels of anxiety, involving the default mode network. FNE exhibits varying manifestations and impacts across individuals of different age groups and genetic predispositions. We also discuss the influence of placebo and sedative‐hypnotics on FNE. Understanding these factors is crucial for guiding clinicians and technologists in standardizing polysomnography (PSG) practices and improving the accuracy of sleep disorder diagnoses.
Design and Synthesis of Multi‐compartment Microcapsules via Pickering Emulsion Polymerization for Infrared Stealth and Adaptive Camouflage Applications
Authors: Chen Kunlin , Chen Jingyu , Xu Changyue , Zhu Haie , Hu Jing , Yu Kejing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHigh‐performance color‐changing compounds, recognized as prominent smart materials, dynamically alter their color in response to external environmental stimuli. However, existing compounds exhibit limited responsiveness and color diversity, presenting challenges in the development of textiles responsive to multiple stimuli. This research introduces a novel design for dual‐responsive color‐changing microcapsules, employing a Pickering emulsion template method. The larger compartment encloses photosensitive dyes, whereas the smaller one contains thermochromic phase‐change colorants. Adjusting the density of nanocapsules in the smaller compartment on the microcapsule surface enables a spectrum of colors, including red, yellow, blue, and green, triggered by light and heat. When incorporated into textiles, these microcapsules bestow adaptive color‐changing attributes and infrared stealth capabilities onto the fabrics. Additionally, by modulating the color via surface micro/nanostructures, textile surfaces can exhibit hydrophobic and oleophobic properties. Such enhancements extend the textiles’ potential applications in areas like anti‐counterfeiting and military operations.
Harmonizing Wide Voltage Window and High Energy Density toward Asymmetric All‐Solid‐State Supercapacitor
Authors: Zhao Gang , Chen Huanchi , Jia Bingzhe , Bai Shanshan , Qiang Xinrui , Wu Xinming 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAll‐solid‐state supercapacitors are known for their safety, stability, and excellent cycling performance. However, their limited voltage window results in lower energy density, restricting their widespread application in practical scenarios. Therefore, in this work, CC/MoO3@Ti3C2Tx negative electrode and Mo1Al1‐MnO2/CC positive electrode materials are synthesized and prepared by electrochemical deposition co‐coating and one‐step hydrothermal methods, respectively, and assembled into an asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device based on the two electrode materials. The study reveals that the surface capacitances of the positive and negative electrodes are 1685.5 mF cm−2 and 1134.98 mF cm−2 correspondingly, with potential windows of both as high as 1.1 V. Surprisingly, the potential window of the all‐solid‐state supercapacitor assembled based on the two electrodes reaches 2.2 V, and the energy density reaches 0.44 m W h cm−2, which is much higher than the performance indicators based on similar electrodes. The resulting excellent performance parameters are mainly attributed to the efficient synergy between the pseudo‐capacitance effect of the MoO3 film and the high electrical conductivity of the Ti3C2Tx sheets, as well as the great improvement of the intrinsic electron mobility and ion diffusion channel stability of MnO2 by Mo and Al bimetallic doping.
Green Nanotechnology of Cell Wall Swelling for Nanostructured Transparent Wood of High Optical Performance
Authors: Chen Hui , Garemark Jonas , Li Lengwan , Nero Mathias , Ritter Maximilian , Cheung Ocean , Willhammar Tom , Sychugov Ilya , Li Yuanyuan , Berglund Lars A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTransparent wood composites provide new functionalities through active additives distributed at the nanoscale. Scalable nanotechnology includes processing where nanoparticles and molecules are brought into the dense wood cell wall. A novel cell wall swelling step through green chemistry is therefore investigated. Sub‐zero centigrade NaOH treatment provides extensive cell wall swelling. Cell wall accessibility is vastly increased so that chemicals can readily impregnate the nanostructured cell wall. Transparent wood with a thickness of up to 15 mm can therefore be fabricated. The optical transmittance and the attenuation coefficient are improved since the polymer is distributed inside the cell wall as a matrix for the nanoscale cellulose fibrils. The proposed technology paves the way for scalable wood nanoengineering.