bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Flexible 3D Organic Preamplifier for a Lactate Sensor
Authors: Baek Sanghoon , Kwon Jimin , Mano Taisei , Tokito Shizuo , Jung Sungjune 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOrganic transistors are promising platforms for wearable biosensors. However, the strategies to improve signal amplification have yet to be determined, particularly regarding biosensors that generate very weak signals. In this study, an organic voltage amplifier is presented for a lactate sensor on flexible plastic foil. The preamplifier is based on a 3D complementary inverter, which is achieved by vertically stacking complementary transistors with a shared gate between them. The shared gate is extended and functionalized with a lactate oxidase enzyme to detect lactate. The sensing device successfully detects the lactate concentration in the human sweat range (20–60 mm) with high sensitivity (6.82 mV mm−1) due to high gain of its amplification. The 3D integration process is cost‐effective as it is solution‐processable and doubles the number of transistors per unit area. The device presented in this study would pave the way for the development of high‐gain noninvasive sweat lactate sensors that can be wearable.
Numerical approximation of a stochastic age‐structured population model in a polluted environment with Markovian switching
Authors: Li Wenrui , Ye Ming , Zhang Qimin , Li Yan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a stochastic age‐structured population model with Markovian switching is investigated in a polluted environment. Both the stochastic disturbance of environment and the Markovian switching are incorporated into the model. By Itô formula and several assumptions, the boundedness in the qth moment of exact solutions of model are proved. Furthermore, making use of truncated Euler–Maruyama (EM) method, the strong convergence criterion of numerical approximation in the qth moment is established, and the rate of convergence is estimated. Numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the theoretical results. Our results indicate that the truncated EM method can be used for stochastic age‐structured population system in a polluted environment.
The importance of enteral nutrition to prevent or treat undernutrition in children undergoing treatment for cancer
Authors: Trehan Amita , Viani Karina , da Cruz Luciane Beitler , Sagastizado Stephany Zelaya , Ladas Elena J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNutrition therapy is a therapeutic approach to treating medical conditions and symptoms via diet, which can be done by oral, enteral or parenteral routes. It is desirable to include nutritional interventions as a standard of care in pediatric cancer units (PCUs) at all levels of care. The interventions are dependent on available resources and personnel across all clinical settings. Enteral nutrition is easy, inexpensive, uses the gastrointestinal tract, maintains gut mucosal integrity, and allows for individualized nutritional strategies. This narrative review describes enteral nutritional interventions for children undergoing cancer treatment and is aimed at PCUs of all levels of care located in a low‐ and middle‐income country.
Experimental study on the improvement of mechanical properties of GLARE using nanofillers
Authors: Abd El‐baky Marwa A. , Attia Mohamed A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe present study investigates the effect of halloysite clay nanotubes (HCNTS) on the mechanical properties of glass reinforced aluminum laminate (GLARE) as a very popular fiber metal laminate (FML). GLARE (3/2) with quasi‐isotropic lay‐up, [Al/[(0°/90°)/(45°/−45°)]s/Al/[(0°/90°)/(45°/−45°)]s/Al], filled with different wt% ofHCNTs (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 wt%) were fabricated using hand lay‐up followed by compression molding. Tensile, flexural, and impact properties of the fabricated GLAREs were evaluated. The failure of the specimens was examined using field emissionscanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) and visual inspection. Test results demonstrated that the incorporation of HCNTs improves the mechanical properties of GLARE. Among the studied wt%, the inclusion of 1 wt% of HCNTs to GLARE leads to maximum improvements of 35.67%, 8.50%, 28.85%, 50.47%, 50.27%, 30.43%, and 51.52% in tensile strength, tensile strain, Young's modulus, modulus of toughness, flexural strength, flexural strain, and impact strength, respectively, was attained by adding 1 wt% of HCNTs to GLARE compared to pristine GLARE. Meanwhile, increasing HCNTS content to 3 wt% reverse the trend. FESEM showed that, HCNTS are well dispersed in epoxy. However, a higher weight fraction of HCNTS in epoxy, that is, 3 wt% leads little agglomerations.
Verborgene Energielandschaften
Authors: Hoffmann Michael , Mikolajick Thomas 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungFerroelektrika besitzen eine spontane Polarisation, die sich durch ein elektrisches Feld umschalten lässt. Die Landau‐Theorie beschreibt dies durch eine Energielandschaft mit zwei Minima und einer Barriere, die der Ursprung einer negativen Kapazität ist. Mit elektrischen Messungen gelang es nun, diese Energielandschaft und die damit einhergehende negative Kapazität in anwendungsrelevanten ferroelektrischen Materialien nachzuweisen. Diese Entdeckung ist vielversprechend für Anwendungen in energieeffizienterer Elektronik und Energiespeicherung.
Root morphology and exudate availability are shaped by particle size and chemistry in Brachypodium distachyon
Authors: Sasse Joelle , Kosina Suzanne M. , de Raad Markus , Jordan Jacob S. , Whiting Katherine , Zhalnina Kateryna , Northen Trent R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRoot morphology and exudation define a plants’ sphere of influence in soils. In turn, soil characteristics influence plant growth, morphology, root microbiome, and rhizosphere chemistry. Collectively, all these parameters have significant implications on the major biogeochemical cycles, crop yield, and ecosystem health. However, how plants are shaped by the physiochemistry of soil particles is still not well understood. We explored how particle size and chemistry of growth substrates affect root morphology and exudation of a model grass. We grew Brachypodium distachyon in glass beads with various sizes (0.5, 1, 2, 3 mm), as well as in sand (0.005, 0.25, 4 mm) and in clay (4 mm) particles and in particle‐free hydroponic medium. Plant morphology, root weight, and shoot weight were measured. We found that particle size significantly influenced root fresh weight and root length, whereas root number and shoot weight remained constant. Next, plant exudation profiles were analyzed with mass spectrometry imaging and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Mass spectrometry imaging suggested that both, root length and number shape root exudation. Exudate profiles were comparable for plants growing in glass beads or sand with various particles sizes, but distinct for plants growing in clay for in situ exudate collection. Clay particles were found to sorb 20% of compounds exuded by clay‐grown plants, and 70% of compounds from a defined exudate medium. The sorbed compounds belonged to a range of chemical classes, among them nucleosides, organic acids, sugars, and amino acids. Some of the sorbed compounds could be desorbed by a rhizobacterium (Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS415), supporting its growth. This study demonstrates the effect of different characteristics of particles on root morphology, plant exudation and availability of nutrients to microorganisms. These findings further support the critical importance of the physiochemical properties of soils when investigating plant morphology, plant chemistry, and plant–microbe interactions.
Effect of Bi3+ Ion Concentration on Physicochemical, Optical and Catalytic Properties of One‐Pot Combustion Synthesized Nanocrystalline Bi‐Doped La2O3
Authors: Gangwar Bhanu P. , Irusta Silvia , Sharma Sudhanshu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLa2‐2xBi2xO3 (x=0‐0.04) nanocrystalline powders are synthesized by one‐pot single step solution combustion method. 4 atom% Bi doped La2O3 reveals the presence of both Bi3+ and metallic Bi. Temperature programmed reduction (TPR) of La2O3 and La2−2xBi2xO3 (x=0.005‐0.04) indicates that the oxygen storage capacity changes with the dopant (Bi) concentration. La2‐2xBi2xO3 (x=0.04) has less hygroscopic behavior compared to La2O3 and shown enhanced stability in an open atmosphere. The direct band gap of La2O3 and La(OH)3 decreases significantly after Bi doping. Further, PL studies of Bi doped compounds show a blue emission at 458 nm due to 3P1 ‐ 1S0 transition of the Bi3+ ion substituted in La2O3. Emission intensity is maximum with 0.5 atom percent Bi doping, which decreases gradually with increasing Bi3+ ion concentration. Bi doping also modifies the catalytic activity of La2O3, resulting in higher CO oxidation activity than unsubstituted La2O3.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Cross‐Coupling of Arylsilanes with DAST Reagent: Synthesis of Aromatic Sulfinamides
Authors: Liu Zhenwei , Liu Xinya , Luan Nannan , Geng Yang , Liang Apeng , Li Jingya , Zou Dapeng , Wu Yusheng , Wu Yangjie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA transition‐metal‐free cross‐coupling of arylsilanes with DAST (diethylaminosulfur trifluoride) reagent has been developed. A number of aromatic sulfinamides were obtained in reasonable yields (15%‐87%). Notable advantages of this method include easy operation, mild reaction conditions and wide substrate scope.
Introduction of Two New Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquids for the Formamide and Formamidine Derivatization of Amines
Authors: Hosseini Lakeh Elham , Yeganeh Shariyati Armaghan , Safarpoor Nikoo Langarudi Mohaddeseh , Tajik Hassan , Shirini Farhad 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, two recently reported 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO)‐based ionic liquids were used for the acceleration of the N‐formylation of primary and secondary amines with formic acid under solvent‐free conditions. These reagents have also been used for the efficient synthesis of N, N′‐diaryl formamidines through reaction of triethyl orthoformate with primary aryl amines. These methods offer several advantages such as excellent yields, short reaction times and simple work‐up with the environmentally friendly procedure.
Ultrasound‐Promoted Mild, and Efficient Protocol for Three‐Component Synthesis of 2,4,5‐Trisubstituted Imidazoles Using Urea and PPh3 as the Sources of Nitrogen and Organocatalyst
Authors: Behrouz Somayeh , Navid Soltani Rad Mohammad , Abdollahzadeh Mahla , Amin Piltan Mohammad 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSubstituted imidazoles have wild applications in different area of sciences and industries. In this research, the catalytic activity of PPh3 as a cheap and efficient organocatalyst is reported for synthesis of 2,4,5‐trisubstituted imidazoles. In this method, ultrasonic assisted one‐pot, three‐component reaction of benzil, aldehydes, urea and PPh3 in ethylene glycol as a green solvent at room temperature has been achieved to afford the structurally diverse 2,4,5‐trisubstituted imidazoles in 80–95 %. The effect of different parameters on the reaction progress was also discussed. Utilizing ultrasonic irradiation dramatically improved the reaction in terms of yields and reaction times compared to conventional heating technique. The current protocol offers many advantages such as mild reaction conditions, short reaction time, the use of non‐metallic, harmless, and cheap catalyst, ease of separation and purification, simple work‐up procedure, and the reactivity to all types of aldehydes particularly the aliphatic aldehydes.
Dense MoS2 Micro‐Flowers Planting on Biomass‐Derived Carbon Fiber Network for Multifunctional Sulfur Cathodes
Authors: Razaq Rameez , Zhang Nana , Xin Ying , Li Qian , Wang Jin , Zhang Zhaoliang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe significant challenge in lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs) arises from low conductivity of sulfur cathode, loss of active sulfur species due to less anchoring sites and sluggish redox kinetics of lithium polysulfides (LPSs). Herein, the dense MoS2 micro‐flowers assembled by cross‐linked 2D MoS2 nanoflakes planting on biomass‐derived carbon fiber (CF) network (MoS2/CFs) are fabricated as multifunctional sulfur cathodes of LSBs. The 2D MoS2 nanoflakes supported on CF provide abundant anchoring sites for strong adsorption, while the 3D flowerlike structure prevents lamellar aggregation of 2D MoS2 nanoflakes. Importantly, the dense MoS2 micro‐flowers planting on the network weaved by biomass‐derived CFs ensures the high electronic conductivity of the MoS2/CFs composite, sufficient electrode/electrolyte interaction, fast electron and Li+ transportation. Moreover, the CF network weaved from cost‐effective tissue paper reduces the cost of LSBs. Thus, the S‐MoS2/CFs cathode exhibits a high rate capability (1149 and 608 mA h g−1 are obtained at 0.2 C and 4 C, respectively), excellent cyclic performance with ∼75% capacity retention and 99% Coulombic efficiency at 2 C after 500 cycles, corresponding to ∼0.05% capacity fading per cycle only, as well as structure integrity during the discharge/charge process.
The role of the entrepreneurial university in building an entrepreneurial ecosystem in a post conflict economy: An exploratory study of Rwanda
Authors: Nkusi Alain C. , Cunningham James A. , Nyuur Richard , Pattinson Steven 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to examine the role of the entrepreneurial university in supporting the development of the entrepreneurial ecosystem in a post conflict, transitional economy. We developed a cross case analysis to identify common themes and patterns in the data. Our findings demonstrate that in a post conflict, transitional economy entrepreneurial universities entrepreneurial ecosystem development is constrained by a number of institutional factors including, structures, systems, leadership, strategies, and culture. We further identify that, when an entrepreneurial ecosystem system has been destroyed during conflict, these constraints present significant challenges to the evolution of the entrepreneurial ecosystem post conflict. Second, in a departure from other studies, our findings also outline the role of the entrepreneurial university in the unique evolution of the post conflict entrepreneurial ecosystem in Rwanda. We identify that the entrepreneurial ecosystem evolves through a number of stages including, embryonic, destruction, formation, and capacity building stages.
Testing lepton flavor models at ESSnuSB
Authors: Blennow Mattias , Ghosh Monojit , Ohlsson Tommy , Titov Arsenii 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe review and investigate lepton flavor models, stemming from discrete non- Abelian flavor symmetries, described by one or two free model parameters. First, we confront eleven one- and seven two-parameter models with current results on leptonic mixing angles from global fits to neutrino oscillation data. We find that five of the one- and five of the two-parameter models survive the confrontation test at 3σ. Second, we investigate how these ten one- and two-parameter lepton flavor models may be discriminated at the proposed ESSnuSB experiment in Sweden. We show that the three one-parameter models that predict sinδCP= 0 can be distinguished from those two that predict|sinδCP|= 1 by at least 7σ. Finally, we find that three of the five one-parameter models can be excluded by at least 5σand two of the one-parameter as well as at most two of the five two-parameter models can be excluded by at least 3σwith ESSnuSB if the true values of the leptonic mixing parameters remain close to the present best-fit values.
Upconversion nanoparticles as intracellular pH messengers
Authors: Tsai Evaline S. , Joud Fadwa , Wiesholler Lisa M. , Hirsch Thomas , Hall Elizabeth A. H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUpconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) should be particularly well suited for measurement inside cells because they can be imaged down to submicrometer dimensions in near real time using fluorescence microscopy, and they overcome problems, such as photobleaching, autofluorescence, and deep tissue penetration, that are commonly encountered in cellular imaging applications. In this study, the performance of an UCNP modified with a pH-sensitive dye (pHAb) is studied. The dye (emission wavelength 580 nm) was attached in a polyethylene imine (PEI) coating on the UCNP and excited via the 540-nm UCNP emission under 980-nm excitation. The UC resonance energy transfer efficiencies at different pHs ranged from 25 to 30% and a Förster distance of 2.56 nm was predicted from these results. Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, equilibrated with nigericin H+/K+ ionophore to equalize the intra- and extracellular pH‚ showed uptake of the UCNP-pHAb conjugate particles and, taking the ratio of the intensity collected from the pHAb emission channel (565–630 nm) to that from the UCNP red emission channel (640–680 nm), produced a sigmoidal pH response curve with an apparent pKa for the UCNP-pHAb of ~ 5.1. The UCNP-pHAb were shown to colocalize with LysoBrite dye, a lysosome marker. Drug inhibitors such as chlorpromazine (CPZ) and nystatin (NYS) that interfere with clathrin-mediated endocytosis and caveolae-mediated endocytosis, respectively, were investigated to elucidate the mechanism of nanoparticle uptake into the cell. This preliminary study suggests that pH indicator–modified UCNPs such as UCNP-pHAb can report pH in SH-SY5Y cells and that the incorporation of the nanoparticles into the cell occurs via clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
Regular participation in leisure time activities and high cardiovascular fitness improve motor sequence learning in older adults
Authors: Zwingmann K. , Hübner L. , Verwey W. B. , Barnhoorn J. S. , Godde B. , Voelcker-Rehage C. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Older adults show higher interindividual performance variability during the learning of new motor sequences than younger adults. It is largely unknown what factors contribute to this variability. This study aimed to, first, characterize age differences in motor sequence learning and, second, examine influencing factors for interindividual performance differences.

Method
30 young adults (age M = 21.89, SD = 2.08, 20 female) and 29 older adults (age M = 69.55, SD = 3.03, 18 female) participated in the study. Motor sequence learning was assessed with a discrete sequence production (DSP) task, requiring key presses to a sequence of visual stimuli. Three DSP practice phases (á 8 blocks × 16 sequences, two six-element sequences) and two transfer blocks (new untrained sequences) were performed. Older participants conducted the Mini-Mental Status Examination and a visuospatial working-memory task. All participants finished a questionnaire on everyday leisure activities and a cardiovascular fitness test.

Results
Performance speed increased with practice in both groups, but young improved more than older adults (significant Group × Time effect for response time, F(1,5) = 4.353, p = 0.004, $$\eta_{p}^{2}$$

η

p

2

= 0.071). Accuracy did not change in any age group (non-significant Group × Time effect for error rates, F(1,5) = 2.130, p = 0.091, $$\eta_{p}^{2}$$

η

p

2

= 0.036). Older adults revealed lower transfer costs for performance speed (significant Time × Group effect, e.g., simple sequence, F(1,2) = 10.511, p = 0.002, $$\eta_{p}^{2}$$

η

p

2

= 0.156). High participation in leisure time activities (β = − 0.58, p = 0.010, R2 = 0.45) and high cardiovascular fitness (β = − 0.49, p = 0.011, R2 = 0.45) predicted successful motor sequence learning in older adults.

Discussion
Results confirmed impaired motor learning in older adults. Younger adults seem to show a better implicit knowledge of the practiced sequences compared to older adults. Regular participation in leisure time activities and cardiovascular fitness seem to prevent age-related decline and to facilitate motor sequence performance and motor sequence learning in older adults.
A novel method of clinical first tarsometatarsal joint hypermobility testing and radiologic verification
Authors: Ornig Martin , Tschauner Sebastian , Holweg Patrick Lukas , Hohenberger Gloria Maria , Bratschitsch Gerhard , Leithner Andreas , Leitner Lukas 
Published: July 2020

Summary
Background
First tarsometatarsal joint (TMT-1) hypermobility might cause hallux valgus deformity (HV), and recurrence following surgical correction. Anatomic findings, indicating tibialis anterior tendon (TAT) involvement in TMT‑1 stabilization, led to the development of cross-glide test allowing clinical TMT‑1 stability testing. Cross-glide test function was evaluated in anatomical specimens and in the clinical setting, compared to simulated weight-bearing computer tomography (CT) analysis.

Methods
Cross-glide test was evaluated in 6 healthy lower leg specimens before and after TAT transection. Clinical testing was performed prospectively in 36 feet (6 controls, 21 HV, 9 recurrent HV); consecutive weight-bearing CT analysis was performed. Results from clinical testing were compared to CT analysis.

Results
TMT‑1 instability significantly increased in anatomic specimens following TAT transection (p = 0.009). In the clinical setting, all healthy feet were cross-glide test negative, 62% of HV cases and all recurrent HV feet were positive. In the CT analysis- Compared to controls the HV cases revealed significantly increased MT‑1 internal rotation (p = 0.003) and decreased dorsal angle (p = 0.002), considered as collapsing forefoot signs; HV recurrent cases revealed similar results. Positive cross-glide tested cases revealed increased MT‑1 internal rotation values (p < 0.001) and dorsal angle values (p < 0.001) in CT analysis. Strikingly, cross-glide test positive HV cases revealed significantly increased internal TMT‑1 rotation (p = 0.043) in CT analysis, and HV and IMT (intermetatarsal) angle were significantly higher (p = 0.005, p = 0.006). 15 HV recurrence cases, treated with TMT‑1 arthrodesis, revealed no recurrence during follow-up.

Conclusion
Cross-glide test allows reliable clinical TMT‑1 instability testing, via TAT tension, and is less laborious than CT analysis. We recommend TMT‑1 arthrodesis in cases with instability in clinical testing, to avoid HV recurrence.
Strukturiertes fallorientiertes Lernen
Authors: Ertl Sebastian , Stastka Laurenz , Löffler-Stastka Henriette 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungEin modernes „case-based“ E‑Learning ist ein exzellentes Hilfsmittel, um Skills und Kommunikation zu trainieren, da „diagnostic reasoning“ als schematisches Problemlösen gesehen wird. Wir präsentieren einen Patientenfall zum Thema Gerinnungsstörung bei chronischem Substanzmissbrauch, bei dem nur durch interdisziplinäres Vorgehen ein adäquater Erfolg erzielt werden kann. Diesbezüglich ist zu erwähnen, dass zu diesem Thema noch wenig Evidenz vorhanden ist und es noch weiterer Forschung bedarf.