bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trans‐myocardial bipolar electrogram: A strategy for mapping and determining efficacy of bipolar ablation of deep foci
Authors: Bokhari Mahmoud M. , Bhaskaran Abhishek , Gorth Gregory , Massé Stéphane , Downer Eugene , Nanthakumar Kumaraswamy 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMapping and ablation of intramural ventricular tachycardia (VT) remain a challenge. We developed a trans‐myocardial electrogram recording across distal tips of two separate ablation catheters placed on contralateral sides of the myocardium to record a trans‐myocardial bipole and a novel pacing electrode configuration. This trans‐myocardial bipole was applied during bipolar ablation in a patient with septal VT. Local activation in this trans‐myocardial bipole was similar to the earliest activation recorded from detailed activation maps from both sides of the septum. Pacing from this trans‐myocardial bipole resulted in a perfect morphology match. After bipolar ablation, the trans‐myocardial bipolar voltage decreased by 82%, and pacing threshold increased by 800%. These findings correlated with VT noninducibility.
Electric Shock: The 2012 India Blackout and Public Confidence in Politicians
Authors: Blankenship Brian , Urpelainen Johannes 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHow do disruptions in basic public service delivery shape people’s perceptions of politicians? We offer evidence from the July 2012 blackout in India, the largest in human history. Using data from the India Human Development Survey, we compare confidence in politicians between households that were surveyed during the outage and affected by it (treatment) and only days before it (control). Balance statistics show that the treatment and control groups are statistically indistinguishable, and further tests indicate that there was no disturbance to the pattern of surveying. Far from undermining public confidence in politicians, the outage increased it, as citizens reacted to the anxiety created by the crisis. The implications are normatively troubling, as politicians seem to have reaped benefits from disruptions in public service delivery.
Association between HLA‐DRB1*01 and HLA‐DRB1*15 with alloimmunisation in transfusion‐dependent patients with thalassaemia
Authors: Ebrahimi Mina , Dayer Dian , Jalalifar Mohammad Ali , Keikhaei Bijan , Tahan Nejad Asadi Zari 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlloantibody production is one of the most challenging complications in transfusion‐dependent thalassaemia patients. Haemolytic anaemia, an increase in blood consumption, difficulty in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and reduced quality of life are consequences of alloimmunisation. The most predisposed antigens (Ags) for alloantibody development are Rh and Kell blood group Ags.ObjectiveThe aim of the present study is to evaluate any correlation between HLA‐DRB1 alleles and Rh and Kell alloantibodies.Materials and MethodsFifty‐two non‐responders (control) and 54 responders (case) were enrolled in this study. Alloantibody detection was performed using the tube method. Genotyping of HLA‐DRB1*01 and HLA‐DRB1*15 was conducted by single‐specific primer‐polymerase chain reaction.ResultsIn the responder group, 77.8% were hyper‐responders (more than one alloantibody), and only 22.2% were mono‐responders. Most detected alloantibodies were Anti‐K (94.4%), followed by Anti‐E (64.8%), Anti‐C (29.6%) and Anti‐D (25.9%). There was a significant difference in HLA‐DRB1*15 between responder and non‐responder groups, 73.7% vs 26.3%, respectively. (P = .029, OR = 3.290; 95%CI). Our results showed that HLA‐DRB1*15 was more frequent in hyper‐responders than mono‐responders (92.9% vs 7.1%) (P = .007). The greatest HLA‐DRB1*15 was seen in Anti‐K (P = .014, odds ratio [OR = 3.784]; 95% confidence interval [CI]) and Anti‐E (P = .011, OR = 3.609; 95%CI) alloantibodies. There is no association between HLA‐DRB1*01 and alloimmunisation.ConclusionOur findings showed that there is a significant correlation between HLA‐DRB1*15 and Anti‐K and Anti‐E alloantibodies. These findings can be useful in detecting susceptible thalassaemic patients and improving transfusion management.
The Other Metallic Phase in Spent Nuclear Fuel: A Complete Thermodynamic Evaluation of the U–Pd–Rh–Ru System
Authors: Wang Lian-Cheng , Kaye Matthew H. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
During burnup of nuclear fuel, fission products accumulate. Post-irradiation examination of burned up nuclear fuel has revealed the presence of several phases, namely, the fuel matrix of UO2, with dissolved oxides present; a white metallic phase consisting of the so-called “noble metals” (i.e., Mo–Ru–Pd–Rh–Tc); a gray oxide phase consisting of alkali or alkaline earth oxides (e.g., BaZrO3 or Cs2UO4); and an another metallic inclusion containing a mixture of UPd3–URh3–URu3, which is not completely assessed due to the lack of phase diagrams of the UPd3–URh3, URh3–URu3, and UPd3–URu3. Understanding how these phases behave becomes especially important from a safety perspective, if one considers a potential accident scenario. The quaternary system U–Pd–Rh–Ru has been evaluated and a thermodynamic model has been developed by first considering the six binary subsystems and the four ternary subsystems. A critical examination of the U–Pd, U–Rh, and U–Ru experimental phase diagrams has been made, with attention placed on both the solution phases, generally present on the uranium side of the diagrams and the UPd3–URh3–URu3 compounds. Finally, the implications of this new model and its potential refinements of the Royal Military College of Canada nuclear fuel treatment developed by previous authors (notably the RMCC group under Thompson and Lewis) will be explored.
Multiphase Flow in Highly Fractured Shale Gas Reservoirs: Review of Fundamental Concepts for Numerical Simulation
Authors: Seales Maxian B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractConventional hydrocarbon reservoirs, from an engineering and economic standpoint, are the easiest and most cost-efficient deposits to develop and produce. However, as economic deposits of conventional oil/gas become scarce, hydrocarbon recovered from tight sands and shale deposits will likely fill the void created by diminished conventional oil and gas sources. The purpose of this paper is to review the numerical methods available for simulating multiphase flow in highly fractured reservoirs and present a concise method to implement a fully implicit, two-phase numerical model for simulating multiphase flow, and predicting fluid recovery in highly fractured tight gas and shale gas reservoirs. The paper covers the five primary numerical modeling categories. It addresses the physical and theoretical concepts that support the development of numerical reservoir models and sequentially presents the stages of model development starting with mass balance fundamentals, Darcy’s law and the continuity equations. The paper shows how to develop and reduce the fluid transport equations. It also addresses equation discretization and linearization, model validation and typical model outputs. More advanced topics such as compositional models, reactive transport models, and artificial neural network models are also briefly discussed. The paper concludes with a discussion of field-scale model implementation challenges and constraints. The paper focuses on concisely and clearly presenting fundamental methods available to the novice petroleum engineer with the goal of improving their understanding of the inner workings of commercially available black box reservoir simulators. The paper assumes the reader has a working understanding of flow a porous media, Darcy’s law, and reservoir rock and fluid properties such as porosity, permeability, saturation, formation volume factor, viscosity, and capillary pressure. The paper does not explain these physical concepts neither are the laboratory tests needed to quantify these physical phenomena addressed. However, the paper briefly addresses these concepts in the context of sampling, uncertainty, upscaling, field-scale distribution, and the impact they have on field-scale numerical models.
Recovery of lacustrine ecosystems after the end-Permian mass extinction
Authors: Zhao Xiangdong , Zheng Daran , Xie Guwei , Jenkyns Hugh C. , Guan Chengguo , Fang Yanan , He Jing , Yuan Xiaoqi , Xue Naihua , Wang He , Li Sha , Jarzembowski Edmund A. , Zhang Haichun , Wang Bo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe end-Permian mass extinction (EPME; ca. 252 Ma) led to profound changes in lacustrine ecosystems. However, whether or not post-extinction recovery of lacustrine ecosystems was delayed has remained uncertain, due to the apparent rarity of Early and Middle Triassic deep perennial lakes. Here we report on mid–Middle Triassic lacustrine organic-rich shales with abundant fossils and tuff interlayers in the Ordos Basin of China, dated to ca. 242 Ma (around the Anisian-Ladinian boundary of the Middle Triassic). The organic-rich sediments record the earliest known appearance, after the mass extinction, of a deep perennial lake that developed at least 5 m.y. earlier than the globally distributed lacustrine shales and mudstones dated as Late Triassic. The fossil assemblage in the organic-rich sediments is diverse and includes plants, notostracans, ostracods, insects, fishes, and fish coprolites, and thus documents a Mesozoic-type, trophically multileveled lacustrine ecosystem. The results reveal the earliest known complex lacustrine ecosystem after the EPME and suggest that Triassic lacustrine ecosystems took at most 10 m.y. to recover fully, which is consistent with the termination of the “coal gap” that signifies substantial restoration of peat-forming forests.
The impact of gender equity in agriculture on nutritional status, diets, and household food security: a mixed-methods systematic review
Authors: Harris-Fry Helen , Nur Hayaan , Shankar Bhavani , Zanello Giacomo , Srinivasan Chittur , Kadiyala Suneetha 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionUndernutrition rates remain high in rural, low-income settings, where large, gender-based inequities persist. We hypothesised that increasing gender equity in agriculture could improve nutrition.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review to assess the associations between gender-based inequities (in income, land, livestock, and workloads) and nutrition, diets and food security outcomes in agricultural contexts of low-income and middle-income countries. Between 9 March and 7 August 2018, we searched 18 databases and 14 journals, and contacted 27 experts. We included quantitative and qualitative literature from agricultural contexts in low-income and middle-income countries, with no date restriction. Outcomes were women’s and children’s anthropometric status, dietary quality and household food security. We conducted meta-analyses using random-effects models.ResultsWe identified 19 820 records, of which 34 studies (42 809 households) met the inclusion criteria. Most (22/25) quantitative studies had a high risk of bias, and qualitative evidence was of mixed quality. Income, land and livestock equity had heterogeneous associations with household food security and child anthropometric outcomes. Meta-analyses showed women’s share of household income earned (0.32, 95% CI −4.22 to 4.86; six results) and women’s share of land owned (2.72, 95% CI -0.52 to 5.96; three results) did not increase the percentage of household budget spent on food. Higher-quality studies showed more consistently positive associations between income equity and food security. Evidence is limited on other exposure–outcome pairings.ConclusionsWe find heterogeneous associations between gender equity and household-level food security. High-quality research is needed to establish the impact of gender equity on nutrition outcomes across contexts.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018093987.
Identifying alternative models of healthcare service delivery to inform health system improvement: scoping review of systematic reviews
Authors: Jessup Rebecca , Putrik Polina , Buchbinder Rachelle , Nezon Janet , Rischin Kobi , Cyril Sheila , Shepperd Sasha , O’Connor Denise A 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveTo describe available evidence from systematic reviews of alternative healthcare delivery arrangements relevant to high-income countries to inform decisions about healthcare system improvement.DesignScoping review of systematic reviews.Data sourcesSystematic reviews of interventions indexed in Pretty Darn Quick-Evidence.Eligibility criteriaAll English language systematic reviews evaluating the effects of alternative delivery arrangements relevant to high-income countries, published between 1 January 2012 and 20 September 2017. Eligible reviews had to summarise evidence on at least one of the following outcomes: patient outcomes, quality of care, access and/or use of healthcare services, resource use, impacts on equity and/or social outcomes, healthcare provider outcomes or adverse effects.Data extraction and synthesisJournal, publication year, number and design of primary studies, populations/health conditions represented and types of outcomes were extracted.ResultsOf 829 retrieved records, 531 reviews fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Almost all (93%) reviews reported on patient outcomes, while only about one-third included resource use as an outcome of interest. Just over a third (n=189, 36%) of reviews focused on alternative information and communications technology interventions (including 162 reviews on telehealth). About one-quarter (n=122, 23%) of reviews focused on alternative care coordination interventions. 15% (n=80) of reviews examined interventions involving changes to who provides care and how the healthcare workforce is managed. Few reviews investigated the effects of interventions involving changes to how and when care is delivered (n=47, 9%) or interventions addressing a goal-focused question (n=38, 7%).ConclusionA substantial body of evidence about the effects of a wide range of delivery arrangements is available to inform health system improvements. The lack of economic evaluations in the majority of systematic reviews of delivery arrangements means that the value of many of these models is unknown. This scoping review identifies evidence gaps that would be usefully addressed by future research.
‘Real time’ monitoring of antipsychotic prescribing in patients with dementia: a study using the Clinical Record Interactive Search (CRIS) platform to enhance safer prescribing
Authors: Colling Craig , Mueller Christoph , Perera Gayan , Funnell Nicola , Sauer Justin , Harwood Daniel , Stewart Robert , Bishara Delia 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundThe use of antipsychotic drugs in dementia has been reported to be associated with increased risk of cerebrovascular events and mortality. There is an international drive to reduce the use of these agents in patients with dementia and to improve the safety of prescribing and monitoring in this area.ObjectivesThe aim of this project was to use enhanced automated regular feedback of information from electronic health records to improve the quality of antipsychotic prescribing and monitoring in people with dementia.MethodsThe South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM) incorporated antipsychotic monitoring forms into its electronic health records. The SLaM Clinical Record Interactive Search (CRIS) platform provides researcher access to de-identified health records, and natural language processing is used in CRIS to derive structured data from unstructured free text, including recorded diagnoses and medication. Algorithms were thus developed to ascertain patients with dementia receiving antipsychotic treatment and to determine whether monitoring forms had been completed. We used two improvement plan-do-study-act cycles to improve the accuracy of the algorithm for automated evaluation and provided monthly feedback on team performance.ResultsA steady increase in antipsychotic monitoring form completion was observed across the study period. The percentage of our sample with a completed antipsychotic monitoring form more than doubled from October 2017 (22%) to January 2019 (58%).Conclusion‘Real time’ monitoring and regular feedback to teams offer a time-effective approach, complementary to standard audit methods, to enhance the safer prescribing of high risk drugs.
Elite coaches have a similar prevalence of depressive symptoms to the general population and lower rates than elite athletes
Authors: Kim Simon Sang Yeob , Hamiliton Bruce , Beable Sarah , Cavadino Alana , Fulcher Mark L 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveThe primary aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and life stress in elite coaches. The secondary aim was to explore the associations of depressive symptoms and life stress with demographic and lifestyle variables.MethodsNational-level coaches were invited to participate in an online survey. Depressive symptoms were measured by the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale-Revised (CESD-R). Life stress was measured using daily life hassle frequency and severity scores calculated from the Daily Hassles Questionnaire, with associations evaluated using linear regression.ResultsOf 110 potential participants, 69 completed and two partially completed surveys were received. The majority of respondents were male (77%), coaching individual sports (70%) and aged under 50 (71%). Overall, 14% of coaches reported at least moderate depressive symptoms according to the CESD-R. Those contemplating retirement were more likely to show depressive symptoms. Reported life stress was higher in females and in those contemplating retirement. There was a strong association between life stress and the odds of experiencing depressive symptoms (p=0.006).ConclusionsDepressive symptoms are as prevalent in elite coaches as in general population, with potential risk factors including high levels of life stress and impending retirement.
Augmented reality in surgical training: a systematic review
Authors: Williams Matthew Adam , McVeigh James , Handa Ashok Inderraj , Lee Regent 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe aim of this systematic review is to provide an update on the current state of augmented reality (AR) in surgical training and to further report on any described benefits compared with traditional techniques. A PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) strategy was adopted to formulate an appropriate research question and define strict search terms to be entered into MEDLINE, CENTRAL and Google Scholar. The search was returned on 12/09/2019. All returned results were screened first by title and then abstract. The systematic search returned a total of 236 results, of which 18 were selected for final inclusion. Studies covered the full range of surgical disciplines and reported on outcomes including operative duration, accuracy and postoperative complication rates. Due to the heterogeneity of the collected data, no meta-analysis was possible. Outcome measures of competency, surgical opinion and postoperative complication rate were in favour of AR technology while operative duration appears to increase.
Multi-objective optimization of western bentonite (Al2H2Na2O13Si4)-blended green sand casting process parameters to improve mould quality
Authors: Nandagopal M. , Sivakumar K. , Velmurugan S. , Durairaj R.B. , Mageshwaran G. 
Published: March 2020

The quality of the mould in the green sand casting process plays a vital role in achieving good quality castings. In this research work, the mould properties permeability and hardness are focused on to improve the quality of the mould. These properties are improved by optimizing the process parameters such as degrees of ramming, mould wall thickness, and weight percentage of western bentonite using Taguchi-based grey relational analysis. The optimal level of these process parameters is experimentally validated by producing castings in a modern jobbing foundry. In the validation experiments, the moulds are produced with nominal hardness (92) and the mould wall thickness is reduced by creating cavities for storage of gases at a distance of 30 mm from the mould cavity. An interesting result found is that the nominal mould hardness and reduced wall thickness improve the quality of the mould by increasing the permeability value from 80 to 120. The improved mould quality reduces the mould-related casting rejection rate in pressure plate casting from 40% to 30%.
Spectroscopic ellipsometric investigation of optical parameters of oil-water thin multiple systems
Authors: Ahmadova Kh. N. 
Published: March 2020

To determine the optical parameters of crude oil and seawater systems, we carried out spectral investigations using the ellipsometry method, which is a highly sensitive and accurate optical method for studying the surfaces and interfaces of various media. This method is based on studying the change in the polarization state of reflected light after its interaction with the surface of interfaces of these media. Crude oil and seawater from different regions of Caspian Sea were accessed by spectroscopic ellipsometry over the 200–1700 nm spectral range at room-temperature. Optical constants and dielectric function were obtained for massive samples of each substance, as well as for ultrathin layers of the oil spilled over the sea surface. Dielectric function, when completely determined in the frequency regions corresponding to electronic transitions and excitation of atomic or molecular vibrations in the object, is a unique dielectric fingerprint of this object. Oils with even miserable difference in type and concentration of biomarkers and heterocomponents will have different dielectric functions. The possibility to use dielectric function as a unique optical fingerprint for oil identification is figured out.
Global generalized solutions to a forager–exploiter model with superlinear degradation and their eventual regularity properties
Authors: Black Tobias 
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we consider a cascaded taxis model for two proliferating and degrading species which thrive on the same nutrient but orient their movement according to different schemes. In particular, we assume the first group, the foragers, to orient their movement directly along an increasing gradient of the food density, while the second group, the exploiters, instead track higher densities of the forager group. Specifically, we will investigate an initial boundary-value problem for a prototypical forager–exploiter model of the form [Formula: see text] in a smoothly bounded domain [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] is nonnegative and the functions [Formula: see text] are assumed to satisfy [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] as well as [Formula: see text] respectively, with constants [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Assuming that [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and that [Formula: see text] satisfies certain structural conditions, we establish the global solvability of this system with respect to a suitable generalized solution concept and then, for the more restrictive case of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], investigate an eventual regularity effect driven by the decay of the nutrient density [Formula: see text].