bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Significance of nutritional status in the development of periprosthetic infections
Authors: Zajonz Dirk , Daikos Alexandros , Prager Florian , Edel Melanie , Möbius Robert , Fakler Johannes K. M. , Roth Andreas , Ghanem Mohamed 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition caused by protein and vitamin deficiencies is a significant negative prognostic factor in surgical wound healing disorders and infections. Particularly in elective surgery, preoperative compensation of deficiencies is advisable to avoid negative postoperative consequences. This study examined the nutritional and protein balance of patients with periprosthetic hip and knee joint infections.Material and methodsPatients with periprosthetic hip or knee joint infections constituted the study group (SG). Control group I (CG I) included patients with primary implants and CG II included patients who required revision surgery because of aseptic loosening. Relevant nutritional and protein parameters were determined via analysis of peripheral venous blood samples. In addition, a questionnaire was used to evaluate the nutritional and eating patterns of all patients. The nutritional risk screening (NRS) 2002 score and body mass index (BMI) were also calculated for all participants.ResultsDifferences were found in the albumin level (SG: 36.23 ± 7.34, CG I: 44.37 ± 3.32,p < 0.001, CG II: 44.06 ± 4.24,p < 0.001) and total protein in serum (SG: 65.42 ± 8.66, CG I: 70.80 ± 5.33,p = 0.004, CG II: 71.22 ± 5.21,p = 0.004). The number of patients with lowered albumin levels (SG 19/61, CG I 1/78, CG II 2/55) and total protein in serum (SG: 12/61, CG I 5/78, CG II 2/55) also showed considerable variation. The number of patients with a NRS 2002 score ≥3 differed significantly between SG and both CGs (SG: 5/61, CG I 1/78, CG II 0/55); however, these differences could not be confirmed using BMI.ConclusionAs expected, lowered albumin and total protein levels were observed in PJI due to the acute phase reaction. The NRS can be performed to exclude nutritional deficiency, which cannot be excluded based on BMI. In cases of periprosthetic joint infection it is reasonable to compensate the nutritional deficiency with dietary supplements.
Importance of catalyst–photoabsorber interface design configuration on the performance of Mo-doped BiVO4 water splitting photoanodes
Authors: Krysiak Olga A. , Junqueira João R.C. , Conzuelo Felipe , Bobrowski Tim , Masa Justus , Wysmolek Andrzej , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical water splitting is mostly impeded by the slow kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction. The construction of photoanodes that appreciably enhance the efficiency of this process is of vital technological importance towards solar fuel synthesis. In this work, Mo-modified BiVO4 (Mo:BiVO4), a promising water splitting photoanode, was modified with various oxygen evolution catalysts in two distinct configurations, with the catalysts either deposited on the surface of Mo:BiVO4 or embedded inside a Mo:BiVO4 film. The investigated catalysts included monometallic, bimetallic, and trimetallic oxides with spinel and layered structures, and nickel boride (NixB). In order to follow the influence of the incorporated catalysts and their respective properties, as well as the photoanode architecture on photoelectrochemical water oxidation, the fabricated photoanodes were characterised for their optical, morphological, and structural properties, photoelectrocatalytic activity with respect to evolved oxygen, and recombination rates of the photogenerated charge carriers. The architecture of the catalyst-modified Mo:BiVO4 photoanode was found to play a more decisive role than the nature of the catalyst on the performance of the photoanode in photoelectrocatalytic water oxidation. Differences in the photoelectrocatalytic activity of the various catalyst-modified Mo:BiVO4 photoanodes are attributed to the electronic structure of the materials revealed through differences in the Fermi energy levels. This work thus expands on the current knowledge towards the design of future practical photoanodes for photoelectrocatalytic water oxidation.
Förderung bildungssprachlicher Lexik im Jahrgang 5 – Empirische Evaluation eines integrativen Förderkonzepts
Authors: Ehrig Britta-Katharina , Marx Nicole , Neumann Lena 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungAuch wenn das Beherrschen altersangemessener bildungssprachlicher Lexik einen wesentlichen Faktor schulischen Erfolgs darstellt, werden entsprechende Kompetenzen in deutschen Schulen bislang kaum ausreichend vermittelt. Entsprechend wurde im Rahmen der hier vorgestellten Studie basierend auf der Robust Vocabulary Instruction (RVI, Beck et al. 2002) eine achtwöchige Intervention zur integrierten Förderung bildungssprachlicher Lexik für den fünften Jahrgang eines Gymnasiums entwickelt.Die quasi-experimentelle Pilotstudie zeigte bei einem Prä-Posttest eine signifikante Verbesserung der Interventionsgruppe im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe. Darüber hinaus zeigten ANOVAs mit Messwiederholung, dass sich zwar beide Gruppen über den relativ kurzen Zeitraum verbesserten, die Interventionsgruppe sich jedoch signifikant stärker verbesserte. Zudem zeigte sich, dass eine Verbesserung nur in Bezug auf explizit trainierte oder zumindest von der Lehrkraft angesprochene Lexeme nachweisbar war. Ein rein implizites Wortschatzlernen nach nur rezeptiver Begegnung erwies sich nicht als erfolgreich.
The Impact of Interviewer Working Hours on Police Interviews with Children
Authors: Kyriakidou Marilena , Blades Mark , Cherryman Julie , Christophorou Stephanie , Kamberis Andreas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFatigue resulting from unpredictable or extended working conditions is a factor that negatively impacts the performance of police officers. In this study, we considered how investigative interviewing of children is influenced by interviewer working conditions. We examined two working conditions concerning when interviews were conducted: (a) during early duty shift and (b) an hour before the end of an interviewer’s duty shift and after the end of a shift. We analysed 102 police interviews with children and identified clues that interviews which commenced during early duty shift had more appropriate approaches than interviews in the other condition. Inappropriate approaches were not significantly affected by interviewer working conditions. These outcomes suggest considering new knowledge specific to the behaviour of interviewers according to working conditions and provide promising foundations for further research.
Preparation of modified ZnO nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of chlorobenzene
Authors: Nagaraju Pallavi , Puttaiah Shivaraju Harikaranahalli , Wantala Kitirote , Shahmoradi Behzad 
Published: May 2020

AbstractVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) are one of the major pollutants present in the petrochemical industrial effluents. These VOCs have high vapor pressure, which makes it to be dispersed into the atmosphere easily. Chlorobenzene is one such VOC, which has an ability to cause adverse impacts on human health by damaging the central nervous systems. The available treatment methods are unable to effectively treat such VOCs in environment. Photocatalytic degradation is the effective and economical methods, which are being used for the treatment of such pollutants. ZnO is one of the widely accepted photocatalyst, but it has a limitation of wide band-gap energy utilization. This paper mainly investigates the preparation of metal-doped ZnO nanoparticles using solgel technique and its application for the degradation of chlorobenzene in an aqueous media under different light sources. Among the modified ZnO nanoparticles prepared (Ag/ZnO, Cd/ZnO and Pb/ZnO), Pb/ZnO was found to be very effective in the degradation of chlorobenzene and achieved up to 100% within a short duration (< 120 min). The Pb/ZnO was also used as a photocatalyst in a vertical continuous photoreactor for the photodegradation of chlorobenzene using LED light.
An approach to demarcate groundwater recharge potential zone using geospatial technology
Authors: Bhunia Gouri Sankar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWith the increasing demands for water due to growing population, urban expansion, agricultural development and groundwater resources are gaining much attention, particularly in Gopiballavpur block, Paschim Medinipur district (West Bengal, India). Present study used cohesive approach of remote sensing and geographic information system to deliver an appropriate platform for convergent study of multi-disciplinary data and decision building for artificial groundwater recharge. Thematic maps were generated from Landsat8-Operational land Imager (OLI) and Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM), and aquifer parameter thematic layers were organized from conventional field data. The weighted linear combination method was used to determine the weights of various themes and their classes, namely ‘very good’, ‘good’, ‘poor’ and ‘very poor’ for identifying recharge potential zone. It has been concluded that 14.58% area has very good groundwater recharge potentiality of the study area. The area having ‘good’, ‘moderate’ and ‘low’ recharge potential is about 32.77%, 39.67% and 12.98%, respectively.
Postoperative analgesic efficacy of caudal dexamethasone added to bupivacaine vs bupivacaine alone for pediatric elective infra-umbilical surgery at (Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital), Ethiopia: Prospective cohort study
Authors: Gashaw Amanu , Dendir Getahun , sitot Mulualem , Balcha Bahailu , Aweke Zemedu 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
Caudal block is the most preferred technique of postoperative analgesia in pediatrics, despite its limited duration of action. Many additives are used to improve the efficacy of caudal blocks, such as opioids or α2 agonists. Recently, there has been increased use of caudal dexamethasone as postoperative analgesia.

Objective:
To assess the efficacy of adding caudal dexamethasone on bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia in pediatric infra-umbilical surgery.

Method:
A prospective cohort study design was employed for two equal groups of 30 children aged 1–14 years scheduled for infra-umbilical surgery under caudal bupivacaine; those exposed to dexamethasone (BD) were considered to be the exposed group and those exposed to bupivacaine alone (B) were the non-exposed group. Pain severity, first analgesia request time as well as analgesic consumption were assessed using Mann-Whitney U test for 24 h. Chi-square test was used to analyze the homogenous categorical independent variables between these two groups and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Result:
The dexamethasone with bupivacaine group had significant prolonged postoperative analgesia with a median of 915 (650–1,440) minutes compared with 433 (328–555) minutes in the bupivacaine-alone group (p < 0.001). Moreover, the total analgesic consumption was significantly lower in the dexamethasone group with a median total dose of 55 (0–250) mg compared with 402 (95–812) mg in the bupivacaine group with (p < 0.001). Pain score in the dexamethasone group was reduced, being statically significant at 4th, 8th and 12th hrs.

Conclusion:
Dexamethasone with bupivacaine decreases postoperative pain severity and total analgesic consumption and prolongs the duration of analgesia. Therefore, we recommend the use of caudal dexamethasone with bupivacaine as an effective option for postoperative analgesia.

Highlights:
Problems with products? Control strategies for models with interaction and quadratic effects
Authors: Beiser-McGrath Janina , Beiser-McGrath Liam F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractModels testing interactive and quadratic hypotheses are common in Political Science but control strategies for these models have received little attention. Common practice is to simply include additive control variables, without relevant product terms, into models with interaction or quadratic terms. In this paper, we show in Monte Carlos that interaction terms can absorb the effects of other un-modeled interaction and non-linear effects and analogously, that included quadratic terms can reflect omitted interactions and non-linearities. This problem even occurs when included and omitted product terms do not share any constitutive terms. We show with Monte Carlo experiments that regularized estimators, the adaptive Lasso, Kernel Regularized Least Squares (KRLS), and Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART) can prevent the misattribution of interactive/quadratic effects, minimize the problems of efficiency loss and overfitting, and have low false-positive rates. We illustrate how inferences drawn can change when relevant product terms are used in the control strategy using a recent paper. Implementing the recommendations of this paper would increase the reliability of conditional and non-linear relationships estimated in many papers in the literature.
Genetic analysis and screening of detoxification-related genes in an amitraz-resistant strain of Panonychus citri
Authors: Yu Shi-Jiang , Cong Lin , Liu Hao-Qiang , Ran Chun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPanonychus citri (McGregor) is the most common pest in citrus-producing regions. Special low-toxicity acaricides, such as spirocyclic tetronic acids and mite growth inhibitors, have been used for a long time in China. However, pesticide resistance in mites is a growing problem due to the lack of new acaricide development. Wide-spectrum insecticides, such as amitraz have gained acceptance among fruit growers. An amitraz-resistant strain of P. citri was obtained by indoor screening to examine field resistance monitoring of mites to acaricides and to explore the resistant mechanism of mites against amitraz. The amitraz-resistant strain of P. citri had an LC50 value of 2361.45 mg l−1. The resistance ratio was 81.35 times higher in the resistant strain of P. citri compared with the sensitive strain. Crossing experiments between the sensitive and resistant strains of P. citri were conducted, resulting in a D value of 0.11 for F1 SS♀×RS♂ and 0.06 for F1 RS♀×SS♂. Reciprocal cross experiments showed that the dose–mortality curves for the F1 generations coincided, indicating that the resistance trait was not affected by cytoplasmic inheritance. The dose–expected response relationship was evaluated in the backcross generation and a significant difference was observed compared with the actual value. The above results indicate that the inheritance of resistance trait was incompletely dominant, governed by polygenes on the chromosome. Synergism studies demonstrated that cytochrome P450s and esterase may play important roles in the detoxification of amitraz. Based on differential gene analysis, 23 metabolism-related genes of P. citri were identified, consistent with the results of synergism studies. Real-time PCR verification implied that P450s, ABC transporters, and acetylcholinesterase might influence the detoxification of amitraz by P. citri. These results provide the genetic and molecular foundation for the management of pest mite resistance.
A blockchain-based database management system
Authors: Samantha Tharani Jeyakumar , Tharmakulasingam Mukunthan , Muthukkumarasamy Vallipuram 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The software and hardware applications are clearly on the way of becoming an integral tool of business, communication and popular culture in many parts of the world. People are interacting with the environment via the Internet to perform physical activities remotely. These applications are hosted in the public or private servers under the control of the server admin. The users’ online usage data can be stored in public or private cloud platforms, used for processing and monitoring users’ online behaviour and emotional factors and shared with third parties to facilitate making their business decisions. When users allow their data to be collected via software applications and mobile devices, users need to have some level of trust and control over their data. But, software applications or mobile devices connected to the cloud server using client–server architecture does not ensure the reliability, security and integrity among their data. To get over these kinds of limitations, we propose a database management system using blockchain technology that can be used by any software applications. The blockchain database connected to the cloud server can be used to increase the trustfulness of the application. Blockchain has the capability to provide decentralization, immutability and owner-controlled digital assets among software applications. Since users can save their data in a shared transaction repository with tamper-resistant records, it enables related parties to access and control users’ data without the need for a central control system.
Toward a Unified Model for the Thermal State of the Planetary Mantle: Estimations From Mean Field Deep Learning
Authors: Shahnas M. H. , Pysklywec R. N. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe cooling of terrestrial planets depends upon the mechanism whereby heat is transferred from the interior to the surface and thereafter is radiated to the space. The surface boundary condition, geometry, internal processes, and the Rayleigh number are the most important controlling parameter influencing the rate of cooling. In this study we employ machine learning algorithms to train learning models that estimate the thermal state of the planets based on their curvature (f = rcmb/rsurf), Rayleigh number, and internal heating for two end member planets—rigid and free‐slip surface planets. Three‐dimension‐spherical control volume models are used to generate training samples. Employing regression learning algorithms, we show that supervised machine learning (SML) techniques can successfully predict the thermal state of the simplified model planets (predicted results versus calculated) with the possibility of extending the method to the actual planets where the complexities are incorporated into the model. The predictive models can be used in estimation of the surface heat flux and the planets' mean temperature. We find that deep learned models provide higher prediction accuracies than those obtained from simple machine leaning models with polynomialized features. The prediction accuracies in deep learned models for the unseen data approached 99% for both mean mantle temperature and mean surface heat flux. As such, deep learning techniques can be employed in more complex mantle problems in which more complex and highly pressure and temperature dependent processes are present.
Improvements in Circumpolar Southern Hemisphere Extratropical Atmospheric Circulation in CMIP6 Compared to CMIP5
Authors: Bracegirdle T. J. , Holmes C. R. , Hosking J. S. , Marshall G. J. , Osman M. , Patterson M. , Rackow T. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOne of the major globally relevant systematic biases in previous generations of climate models has been an equatorward bias in the latitude of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) mid‐latitude tropospheric eddy driven westerly jet. The far‐reaching implications of this for Southern Ocean heat and carbon uptake and Antarctic land and sea ice are key reasons why addressing this bias is a high priority. It is therefore of primary importance to evaluate the representation of the SH westerly jet in the latest generation of global climate and earth system models that comprise the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). In this paper we assess the representation of major indices of SH extratropical atmospheric circulation in CMIP6 by comparison against both observations and the previous generation of CMIP5 models. Indices assessed are the latitude and speed of the westerly jet, variability of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), and representation of the Amundsen Sea Low (ASL). These are calculated from the historical forcing simulations of both CMIP5 and CMIP6 for time periods matching available observational and reanalysis data sets. From the 39 CMIP6 models available at the time of writing there is an overall reduction in the equatorward bias of the annual mean westerly jet from 1.9° in CMIP5 to 0.4° in CMIP6 and from a seasonal perspective the reduction is clearest in austral spring and summer. This is accompanied by a halving of the bias of SAM decorrelation timescales compared to CMIP5. However, no such overall improvements are evident for the ASL.
Observed Relationships Between the Urban Heat Island, Urban Pollution Island, and Downward Longwave Radiation in the Beijing Area
Authors: Li Ju , Zhou Mingyu , Lenschow Donald H. , Cheng Zhigang , Dou Youjun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe used the mean air temperature and particulate matter concentration at northern and southern rural stations as rural background values to calculate the urban heat island intensity (UHII) and urban pollution island intensity (UPII) for Beijing. The correlation between UHII and UPII is significantly negative in winter during the daytime and nighttime when selecting southern rural background stations but significantly positive in spring during both daytime and nighttime and in winter during the nighttime when selecting northern rural background stations. The downward longwave radiation (DLR) is highly correlated with surface air temperature and water vapor, and with particulate matter concentration in winter and summer. Water vapor also has a high correlation with particulate matter concentration in winter and summer. Winter data were used to investigate the particulate matter contribution to DLR to minimize the effect of humidity. The results indicate that in winter the urban area DLR and net radiation increased more than rural area under polluted conditions compared with clean conditions, which may lead to an increase in UHII. But in other seasons with more moisture, the aerosol effect on DLR is smaller than water vapor. Our results imply that the contribution of air pollutants to DLR had been overestimated in recent studies without removing water vapor effects on the longwave radiation. We suggest that the interaction between the urban heat island and the urban pollution island and related mitigation strategies needs to be carefully studied in the future by considering different climate zone and seasons.
Thermal manipulation of plasmons in atomically thin films
Authors: Dias Eduardo J. C. , Yu Renwen , García de Abajo F. Javier 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNanoscale photothermal effects enable important applications in cancer therapy, imaging and catalysis. These effects also induce substantial changes in the optical response experienced by the probing light, thus suggesting their application in all-optical modulation. Here, we demonstrate the ability of graphene, thin metal films, and graphene/metal hybrid systems to undergo photothermal optical modulation with depths as large as >70% over a wide spectral range extending from the visible to the terahertz frequency domains. We envision the use of ultrafast pump laser pulses to raise the electron temperature of graphene during a picosecond timescale in which its mid-infrared plasmon resonances undergo dramatic shifts and broadenings, while visible and near-infrared plasmons in the neighboring metal films are severely attenuated by the presence of hot graphene electrons. Our study opens a promising avenue toward the active photothermal manipulation of the optical response in atomically thin materials with potential applications in ultrafast light modulation.