bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENAMBAHAN KANDIDAT PROBIOTIK Bacillus methylothrophicus SECARA BERKALA PADA MEDIA PEMELIHARAAN UNTUK PENCEGAHAN INFEKSI BAKTERI Aeromonas hydrophila PADA IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Ardy Femy Musthofa , Desrina Desrina , Haditomo Alfabetian Harjuno Condro 
Published: January 2020

Aeromonas hydrophila is a bacteria that causes of MAS disease (motile aeromonad septicemia) in freshwater fish cultivation and can cause mass death in a fairly short period of time in some species including tilapia. There are several alternative strategies in prevention, one of which is the use of probiotic bacteria as agents for controlling or preventing this disease. One candidate for probiotics that has been molecularly identified as 16sRNA and is known to have the ability to inhibit pathogenic bacteria is B. methylotrhrophicus. The aim of this research was to study B.methylotrophicus in inhibiting A. hydrophila in Oreochromis niloticus culture. This research consisted of in vitro and in vivo test that used experiment method with completely randomized design with 4 treatments (density of 1 fishes/l) and 3 replications. The treatment consisted of a mixture of A. hydrophila 102 CFU/mL with B. methylotrophicus 109 CFU/mL (a) without addition of B. methylotrophicus (b) Addition every 3 days, (c) Addition every 5 days, (d) Addition every 7 day. 120 fishes at average weight of 17,5±1,9 g was used as experimental animals. Based on the in vitro test, the most powerful concentration of B. methylotrophicus to inhibit A. hydrophila was 109 cfu/mL with clear zone of 24,9±4,2 mm. In vivo tests show that the addition of B. methylotrophicus periodecally does not significantly affect survival rates, but can slow the gowth of A. hydrophila. Treatment D showed the highest survival rate (13.33%), followed by treatment A (6.66%), B (3.33%), and C (3.33%). These results indicate that B.methylotrophicus can prevent the gowth of A. hydrophila in vitro, and can increase SR by 6.66% in the in vivo test.
PERFORMA EFISIENSI PEMANFAATAN PAKAN DAN PERTUMBUHAN LELE SANGKURIANG YANG DIBUDIDAYA DI DESA TAMBAKSARI, KECAMATAN ROWOSARI, KABUPATEN KENDAL MELALUI PENAMBAHAN ENZIM PAPAIN DALAM PAKAN BUATAN
Authors: Rachmawati Diana , Samidjan Istiyanto , Hutabarat Johannes , Windarto Seto , Nugroho Ristiawan Agung 
Published: January 2020

Salah satu faktor penting dalam pemeliharaan lele sangkuriang (Clarias sp) adalah pakan. Biaya pakan dihitung sekitar 60-70% dari total biaya dalam satu siklus produksi. Tingginya porsi biaya pakan disebabkan oleh ketidakefisienan pakan. Salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah dengan menambahkan enzim papain dalam pakan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh suplementasi enzim papain dalam pakan terhadap pertumbuhan dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup lele sangkuriang (Clarias sp) yang dipelihara di kolam, di Desa Tambaksari, Kecamatan Rowosari, Kabupaten Kendal, Provinsi Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Bibit lele sangkuriang yang digunakan memiliki berat rata-rata 2,23 ± 0,56 g / benih. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Percobaan dilakukan dalam 4 (empat) perlakuan dan setiap perlakuan memiliki 4 (empat) pengulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari penambahan enzim papain protease ke dalam pakan dengan dosis 0 mg / kg pakan (A), 0,75 mg / kg pakan (B), 1,5 mg / kg pakan (C) dan 2 , 25 mg / kg pakan (D). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suplemen enzim papain dalam pakan secara signifikan (P <0,01) memengaruhi Specific Growth Rate (SGR); dan tidak berpengaruh signifikan (P> 0,05) Survival Rate (SR) lele sangkuriang (Clarias sp). Dosis terbaik penambahan enzim papain adalah pada level 1,5 mg / kg pakan (perlakuan C) yang memiliki efek optimal pada pertumbuhan ikan. Parameter kualitas air masih dalam kisaran layak untuk membudidayakan lele sangkuriang (Clarias sp).
Activity-Dependent Calcium Signaling in Neurons of the Medial Superior Olive during Late Postnatal Development
Authors: Franzen Delwen L. , Gleiss Sarah A. , Kellner Christian J. , Kladisios Nikolaos , Felmy Felix 
Published: January 2020

The development of sensory circuits is partially guided by sensory experience. In the medial superior olive (MSO), these refinements generate precise coincidence detection to localize sounds in the azimuthal plane. Glycinergic inhibitory inputs to the MSO, which tune the sensitivity to interaural time differences, undergo substantial structural and functional refinements after hearing onset. Whether excitation and calcium signaling in the MSO are similarly affected by the onset of acoustic experience is unresolved. To assess the time window and mechanism of excitatory and calcium-dependent refinements during late postnatal development, we quantified EPSCs and calcium entry in MSO neurons of Mongolian gerbils of either sex raised in a normal and in an activity altered, omnidirectional white noise environment. Global dendritic calcium transients elicited by action potentials disappeared rapidly after hearing onset. Local synaptic calcium transients decreased, leaving a GluR2 lacking AMPAR-mediated influx as the only activity-dependent source in adulthood. Exposure to omnidirectional white noise accelerated the decrease in calcium entry, leaving membrane properties unaffected. Thus, sound-driven activity accelerates the excitatory refinement and shortens the period of activity-dependent calcium signaling around hearing onset. Together with earlier reports, our findings highlight that excitation, inhibition, and biophysical properties are differentially sensitive to distinct features of sensory experience.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeurons in the medial superior olive, an ultra-fast coincidence detector for sound source localization, acquire their specialized function through refinements during late postnatal development. The refinement of inhibitory inputs that convey sensitivity to relevant interaural time differences is instructed by the experience of sound localization cues. Which cues instruct the refinement of excitatory inputs, calcium signaling, and biophysical properties is unknown. Here we demonstrate a time window for activity- and calcium-dependent refinements limited to shortly after hearing onset. Exposure to omnidirectional white noise, which suppresses sound localization cues but increases overall activity, accelerates the refinement of calcium signaling and excitatory inputs without affecting biophysical membrane properties. Thus, the refinement of excitation, inhibition, and intrinsic properties is instructed by distinct cues.
Repeated Exposure to Multiple Concurrent Stresses Induce Circuit Specific Loss of Inputs to the Posterior Parietal Cortex
Authors: Libovner Yaaqov , Fariborzi Mona , Tabba Daim , Ozgur Ali , Jafar Tamara , Lur Gyorgy 
Published: January 2020

Severe loss of excitatory synapses in key brain regions is thought to be one of the major mechanisms underlying stress-induced cognitive impairment. To date, however, the identity of the affected circuits remains elusive. Here we examined the effect of exposure to repeated multiple concurrent stressors (RMS) on the connectivity of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) in adolescent male mice. We found that RMS led to layer-specific elimination of excitatory synapses with the most pronounced loss observed in deeper cortical layers. Quantitative analysis of cortical projections to the PPC revealed a significant loss of sensory and retrosplenial inputs to the PPC while contralateral and frontal projections were preserved. These results were confirmed by decreased synaptic strength from sensory, but not from contralateral, projections in stress-exposed animals. Functionally, RMS disrupted visuospatial working memory performance, implicating disrupted higher-order visual processing. These effects were not observed in mice subjected to restraint-only stress for an identical period of time. The PPC is considered to be a cortical hub for multisensory integration, working memory, and perceptual decision-making. Our data suggest that sensory information streams targeting the PPC may be impacted by recurring stress, likely contributing to stress-induced cognitive impairment.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRepeated exposure to stress profoundly impairs cognitive functions like memory, attention, or decision-making. There is emerging evidence that stress not only impacts high-order regions of the brain, but may affect earlier stages of cognitive processing. Our work focuses on the posterior parietal cortex, a brain region supporting short-term memory, multisensory integration, and decision-making. We show evidence that repeated stress specifically damages sensory inputs to this region. This disruption of synaptic connectivity is linked to working memory impairment and is specific to repeated exposure to multiple stressors. Altogether, our data provide a potential alternative explanation to ailments previously attributed to downstream, cognitive brain structures.
Unique Spatial Integration in Mouse Primary Visual Cortex and Higher Visual Areas
Authors: Murgas Kevin A. , Wilson Ashley M. , Michael Valerie , Glickfeld Lindsey L. 
Published: January 2020

Neurons in the visual system integrate over a wide range of spatial scales. This diversity is thought to enable both local and global computations. To understand how spatial information is encoded across the mouse visual system, we use two-photon imaging to measure receptive fields (RFs) and size-tuning in primary visual cortex (V1) and three downstream higher visual areas (HVAs: LM (lateromedial), AL (anterolateral), and PM (posteromedial)) in mice of both sexes. Neurons in PM, compared with V1 or the other HVAs, have significantly larger RF sizes and less surround suppression, independent of stimulus eccentricity or contrast. To understand how this specialization of RFs arises in the HVAs, we measured the spatial properties of V1 inputs to each area. Spatial integration of V1 axons was remarkably similar across areas and significantly different from the tuning of neurons in their target HVAs. Thus, unlike other visual features studied in this system, specialization of spatial integration in PM cannot be explained by specific projections from V1 to the HVAs. Further, the differences in RF properties could not be explained by differences in convergence of V1 inputs to the HVAs. Instead, our data suggest that distinct inputs from other areas or connectivity within PM may support the area's unique ability to encode global features of the visual scene, whereas V1, LM, and AL may be more specialized for processing local features.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSurround suppression is a common feature of visual processing whereby large stimuli are less effective at driving neuronal responses than smaller stimuli. This is thought to enhance efficiency in the population code and enable higher-order processing of visual information, such as figure-ground segregation. However, this comes at the expense of global computations. Here we find that surround suppression is not equally represented across mouse visual areas: primary visual cortex has substantially more surround suppression than higher visual areas, and one higher area has significantly less suppression than two others examined, suggesting that these areas have distinct functional roles. Thus, we have identified a novel dimension of specialization in the mouse visual cortex that may enable both local and global computations.
El mercado de la pintura española en Estados Unidos en las primeras décadas del siglo XIX
Authors: Carrasco-González Guadalupe 
Published: January 2020

En Estados Unidos el fenómeno del coleccionismo se desarrolló a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. Fueron escasas las colecciones artísticas en las primeras décadas del siglo. En este artículo se analiza la llegada al mercado de arte estadounidense de la importante colección de Richard W. Meade, reunida durante su estancia en España entre 1804 y 1820. Buena parte de las pinturas que la componían eran de artistas barrocos españoles. A través del inventario de su patrimonio y los catálogos de las sucesivas subastas se analiza, cómo se reunió la colección y cómo contribuyó en esos años a iniciar el mercado estadounidense de pintura europea y española en particular.
Journal Programs and Cross-Disciplinary Research
Authors: Reed Marianne A. 
Published: January 2020

In order for innovative cross-disciplinary research to find its audience, it must be easily discovered by scholars, professional practitioners, and the public. Journal publishing programs in libraries operate under the principle that investment in open access publishing of quality peer-reviewed research is the best way to make that research visible to a global audience and to shift control of publishing from commercial entities to the academy. Library publishers are therefore not constrained, as commercial publishers are, by the need to publish only research that will ensure a profit. This means that library publishing programs can provide a home for cross-disciplinary journals that break new ground and that may take time to find an audience.
The lack of a profit imperative for library publishing programs also means that the platform for hosting journals is provided to journals at little or no cost, which makes library publishing very attractive to editors looking for a place to publish a new journal. Once the infrastructure is operational, the cost to add a new journal to the system is negligible because the costs of maintaining the technology are already covered. This lowers the financial barriers to starting new journals, allowing editors to focus on the task of finding and publishing excellent peer-reviewed research instead of fundraising.
Journal platforms used by library publishers are designed so that journals published on those systems automatically follow best practices and standards, such as those outlined by the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-MPH) that make the content readily discoverable by internet search engines. These platforms also integrate the use of machine-readable licenses that clearly indicate how the content can be used. In addition to infrastructure that ensures visibility, library publishing programs benefit from existing library expertise in collaboration, technology, copyright, data management, scholarly publishing, information literacy, digital preservation, and the effective promotion of online research.
Цифровое общество: новые возможности и старые угрозы
Authors: Деревянченко Александр Алексеевич , Калинин Дмитрий Васильевич 
Published: January 2020

<p>В статье, представляющей собой доработанный доклад на XV Международной научной конференции «Высшее образование для XXI века. Роль гуманитарного образования в контексте технологических и социокультурных изменений», анализируются некоторые тенденции складывающегося в современном мире цифрового общества; показаны возможности и угрозы, возникающие в связи с переходом человечества и России к данному обществу. Особо выделены задачи, стоящие перед системой образования и ее работниками.</p>
A Statistical Method for Associating Earthquakes with Their Source Faults in Southern California
Authors: Evans Walker S. , Plesch Andreas , Shaw John H. , Pillai Natesh L. , Yu Ellen , Meier Men-Andrin , Hauksson Egill 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
We present a new statistical method for associating earthquakes with their source faults in the Southern California Earthquake Center’s 3D Community Fault Models (CFMs; Plesch et al., 2007) in near-real time and for historical earthquakes. The method uses the hypocenter location, focal mechanism orientation, and earthquake sequencing to produce the probabilities of association between a given earthquake and each fault in the CFM as well as the probability that the event occurred on a fault not represented in the CFM. We used a set of known likely associations (the Known Likely Sets) as training or testing data and demonstrated that our models perform effectively on these examples and should be expected to perform well on other earthquakes with similar characteristics including the full catalog of southern California earthquakes (Hauksson et al., 2012). To produce near-real-time associations for future earthquakes, the models have been implemented as an R script and connected to the Southern California Seismic Network data processing system operated by the California Institute of Technology and the U.S. Geological Survey to automatically produce fault associations for earthquakes of M≥3.0 as they occur. To produce historical associations, we apply the method to the most recent CFM version (v.5.2), yielding modeled historical associations for all events of M≥3.0 in the catalog of southern California earthquakes from 1981 to 2016. More than 80% of these events and 99% of moment within the geography covered by the CFM had a primary association with a CFM fault. The models can help identify clusters of small earthquakes that indicate the onset of activity associated with major faults. The method will also assist in communicating objective information about the faults that source earthquakes to the scientific community and general public. In the event of a damaging southern California earthquake, the near-real-time association will provide valuable information regarding the similarity of the current event to forecast scenarios, potentially aiding in earthquake response.
High-Velocity Surface Layer Effects on Rayleigh Waves: Recommendations for Improved Shear-Wave Velocity Modeling
Authors: Gribler Gabriel , Liberty Lee M. , Dylan Mikesell T. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTSoil stiffness estimates are critical to geologic hazard and risk assessment in urban centers. Multichannel analysis of surface-wave (MASW) data collection along city streets is now a standard, cost-effective, and noninvasive soil stiffness approximation tool. With this approach, shear-wave velocities (VS) are derived from Rayleigh-wave signals. Although the current MASW practice is to neglect the effect of a high-velocity road layer on soil VS estimates, our models show measurable impacts on Rayleigh-wave amplitudes and phase velocities when seismic data are acquired on a road surface. Here, we compare synthetic models with field MASW and downhole VS measurements. Our modeling indicates that a road layer attenuates Rayleigh-wave signals across all frequencies, introduces coherent higher-mode signals, and leads to overestimated VS and VS30 values. We show that VS30 can be overestimated by more than 7% when soft soils underlie a rigid road surface. Inaccurate VS estimates can lead to improper soil classification and bias earthquake site-response estimates. For road-based MASW data analysis, we recommend incorporating a surface road layer in the Rayleigh-wave inversion to improve VS estimate accuracy with depth.
Variability of ETAS Parameters in Global Subduction Zones and Applications to Mainshock–Aftershock Hazard Assessment
Authors: Zhang Lizhong , Werner Maximilian J. , Goda Katsuichiro 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTMegathrust earthquake sequences can impact buildings and infrastructure due to not only the mainshock but also the triggered aftershocks along the subduction interface and in the overriding crust. To give realistic ranges of aftershock simulations in regions with limited data and to provide time-dependent seismic hazard information right after a future giant shock, we assess the variability of the epidemic-type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model parameters in subduction zones that have experienced M≥7.5 earthquakes, comparing estimates from long time windows with those from individual sequences. Our results show that the ETAS parameters are more robust if estimated from a long catalog than from individual sequences, given individual sequences have fewer data including missing early aftershocks. Considering known biases of the parameters (due to model formulation, the isotropic spatial aftershock distribution, and finite size effects of catalogs), we conclude that the variability of the ETAS parameters that we observe from robust estimates is not significant, neither across different subduction-zone regions nor as a function of maximum observed magnitudes. We also find that ETAS parameters do not change when multiple M 8.0–9.0 events are included in a region, mainly because an M 9.0 sequence dominates the number of events in the catalog. Based on the ETAS parameter estimates in the long time period window, we propose a set of ETAS parameters for future M 9.0 sequences for aftershock hazard assessment (K0=0.04±0.02, α=2.3, c=0.03±0.01, p=1.21±0.08, γ=1.61±0.29, d=23.48±18.17, and q=1.68±0.55). Synthetic catalogs created with the suggested ETAS parameters show good agreement with three observed M 9.0 sequences since 1965 (the 2004 M 9.1 Aceh–Andaman earthquake, the 2010 M 8.8 Maule earthquake, and the 2011 M 9.0 Tohoku earthquake).
Reproductive Injustice at the US Border
Authors: Messing Ariella J. , Fabi Rachel E. , Rosen Joanne D. 
Published: January 2020

The detention of immigrants inside US borders is not a new phenomenon. However, a dramatic shift has occurred in both the number and treatment of immigrants in detention. We examine recent changes in immigration policies that have systematized the mistreatment of children and pregnant immigrants, including a ban on abortion for unaccompanied minors in immigration detention, the neglect and mistreatment of pregnant immigrants in detention, and the separation and prolonged detention of parents and children in unsafe facilities. We employ the reproductive justice framework to demonstrate how these policies violate all 3 primary values of reproductive justice: the right to have children, the right not to have children, and the right to parent children in safe and secure environments. We argue that, when analyzed through the lens of reproductive justice, these policies can be seen as manifestations of a single targeted strategy to control the reproductive autonomy of migrants as a tool of immigration enforcement. We conclude with a call to action to the public health community.
Transferring Racial/Ethnic Marketing Strategies From Tobacco to Food Corporations: Philip Morris and Kraft General Foods
Authors: Nguyen Kim H. , Glantz Stanton A. , Palmer Casey N. , Schmidt Laura A. 
Published: January 2020

Objectives. To investigate the transfer of marketing knowledge and infrastructure for targeting racial/ethnic minorities from the tobacco to the food and beverage industry in the United States. Methods. We analyzed internal industry documents between April 2018 and April 2019 from the University of California San Francisco Truth Tobacco Industry Documents Library, triangulated with other sources. Results. In the 1980s, Philip Morris Companies purchased General Foods and Kraft Foods and created Kraft General Foods. Through centralized marketing initiatives, Philip Morris Companies directly transferred expertise, personnel, and resources from its tobacco to its food subsidiaries, creating a racial/ethnic minority–targeted food and beverage marketing program modeled on its successful cigarette program. When Philip Morris Companies sold Kraft General Foods in 2007, Kraft General Foods had a “fully integrated” minority marketing program that combined target marketing with racial/ethnic events promotion, racial/ethnic media outreach, and corporate donations to racial/ethnic leadership groups, making it a food industry leader. Conclusions. The tobacco industry directly transferred racial/ethnic minority marketing knowledge and infrastructure to food and beverage companies. Given the substantial growth of food and beverage corporations, their targeting of vulnerable populations, and obesity-related disparities, public policy and community action is needed to address corporate target marketing.