bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovery of Vespasiano Bignami paintings at the National Theatre of Costa Rica through technical photography and UV–Vis spectroscopy
Authors: Conejo-Barboza Geraldine , Libby Eduardo , Marín Carmen , Herrera-Sancho O. A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Establishing and understanding large format paintings are key to provide accurate information about the artist’s palette and developing conservation strategies. Therefore, investigating the artworks of a population offers insight into its culture, history and origins which reveals individual and collective identity through cultural heritage worldwide. Particularly, the ceiling of the Foyer at the National Theatre of Costa Rica (Central America) is decorated with three large format paintings from the nineteenth century made by the Italian painter Vespasiano Bignami. The paintings are known as La Poesía, La Música and La Danza (The Poetry, the Music and The Dance) and have undergone restorations in the past. However, their state of conservation is unknown and thus demands accurate scientific examination in order to document their status and the extent of undocumented previous restoration work. To overcome those issues, we propose the application of a combination of non-invasive and in-situ techniques to carry out a qualitative assessment of the pigments and actual state of conservation. Here, we employed technical photography in the visible and near infrared regions, using panoramic stitching techniques in order to obtain high resolution images of the very large artworks. Several conservation problems were observed such as: detachment of pigments, cracks, stains, and sections with undocumented restorations. In the IR and False Colour Infrared images we observed a very conspicuous behaviour of the red pigment used in the three paintings. Particular areas with the red pigment were fluorescent, and by means of ultraviolet fluorescence imaging we identified the pigment as through its red-coral fluorescence as Madder Lake, by comparison to a historical pigments reference palette. Measurements in five different red pigmented zones using UV–Vis spectroscopy in The Music show bands in the (550–650) nm region. A Lorentz Model nonlinear curve fit to the bands allowed us to correlate the fluorescent pigment in the paintings of Vespasiano Bignami with Madder Lake.
Technical analysis: the psychology of the market of dry bulk freight rates
Authors: Mileski Joan , Clott Christopher , Galvao Cassia Bomer , Laverne Taliese 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFinancial technical analysis of markets and trends differs from fundamental analysis in that econometrics are used on “fundamental” economic data in fundamental analysis. Technical analysis, however, adds to the overall trend analysis an additional examination of the psychology of markets. For freight rate predictions, there has been an exclusive reliance on typical fundamental analysis. Our results indicate that adding technical analysis to freight rate prediction can provide a better overall result. Psychological forces such as “irrational exuberance” or severe bearishness can influence trend predictions making them at best incomplete and at worst inaccurate for predicting the demand for shipping services. Further, ship construction decisions use freight rate predictions. In this paper, we perform a 20-year technical analysis of the BDI/Baltic Dry Index (formerly BFI/Baltic Freight Index) This analysis is a better, richer evaluation of freight rate trends that influence ship construction. Furthermore, technical analysis requires specific in-depth knowledge of the psychology of the market and experience in this type of trend analysis.
Response of body color change rearing under different light intensity conditions in farmed red spotted grouper, Epinephelus akaara
Authors: Choi Song-Hee , Kim Byeong-Hoon , Lee Chi-Hoon , Lee Young-Don 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundFish body color is one of the major factors that determine the commercial value of farmed fish, to understand for coloration mechanisms. The expression of melanin-related genes is according to the developmental stage and light intensity in the red spotted grouper,Epinephelus akaara.MethodsTo investigate changes in melanin formation and melanin-related genes in the larval development stage, fish larvae were reared from fertilized egg stage to 50 days after hatching (DAH). Experiment of body color changes was performed under each different light intensity conditions. Melanin-related genes expression was analyzed by real-time qPCR, and body coloration difference was represented by RGB (red, green, blue) code value.ResultsExpression levels of melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) mRNA, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA, and melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) mRNA were at their highest 5 DAH (days after hatching). Expression levels of agouti-signaling protein (ASIP) mRNA were at their highest 10 DAH. Results of body color changes according to changes in light intensity conditions showed that the expression level of MCH mRNA in the 2000 lx group was the highest at 6 weeks. The expression levels of POMC mRNA and MC1R mRNA in the 1000 lx group were at their lowest at 9 weeks. RGB color code value under different light intensities were the brightest under 1000 lx and the darkest under 0 lx.ConclusionOur research suggests that POMC mRNA and MC1R mRNA in the red spotted grouper are involved in melanin synthesis, and these genes are thought to be controlled by light intensity. To better understand the molecular mechanism of coloration in the red spotted grouper, further studies are needed to clarify the relationship between melanophore development and melanin-related genes.
Age estimation using DNA methylation technique in forensics: a systematic review
Authors: Maulani Chaerita , Auerkari Elza Ibrahim 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn addition to the DNA sequence, epigenetic markers have become substantial forensic tools during the last decade. Estimating the age of an individual from human biological remains may provide information for a forensic investigation. Age estimation in molecular strategies can be obtained by telomere length, mRNa mutation, or by sjTRECs but the accuracy is not sufficient in forensic practice because of high margin error.Main bodyOne solution to this problem is to use DNA methylation methods. DNA methylation markers for tissue identification at age-associated CpG sites have been suggested as the most informative biomarkers for estimating the age of an unknown donor. This review aims to give an overview of DNA methylation profiling for estimating the age in cases of forensic relevance and the important aspects in determining the mean absolute deviation (MAD) or mean absolute error (MAE) of the estimated age. Online database searching was performed through PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar with keywords selected for forensic age estimation. Thirty-two studies were included in the review, with variable DNA samples but blood commonly as a source. Pyrosequencing and EpiTYPER were methods mostly used in DNA analysis. The MAD in the estimates from DNA methylation was about 3 to 5 years, which was better than other methods such as those based on telomere length or signal-joint T-cell receptor excision circles. The ELOVL2 gene was a commonly used DNA methylation marker in age estimation.ConclusionDNA methylation is a favorable candidate for estimating the age at the time of death in forensic profiling, with an uncertainty mean absolute deviation of about 3 to 5 years in the predicted age. The sample type, platform techniques used, and methods to construct age predictive models were important in determining the accuracy in mean absolute deviation or mean absolute error. The DNA methylation outcome suggests good potential to support conventional STR profiling in forensic cases.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Histological,
ultrastructural, and biochemical study on the possible role of Panax ginseng in ameliorating liver injury induced by Lambda
cyhalotherin
Authors: Abdul-Hamid Manal , Mohamed Hanaa M. , Abd El-Twab Sanaa M. , Zaied Karim 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Lambda-cyhalotherin (LCT) is a pyrithroid type 2 pesticide that is
broadly utilized in pest control in public health, animal health, and
agriculture. Although claiming that LCT has a low mammalian toxicity, several
investigations reported its mammalian hepatotoxicity by mediating oxidative
stress causes severe hepatotoxicity and liver damage.

Results
LCT significantly decreased catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase
(SOD), and total thiol (T. thiol) and increased lipid peroxidation (LPO). mRNA
and protein expression levels of p53 were upregulated, whereas Bcl-2 mRNA and
protein expression levels were downregulated in LCT-intoxicated animals. Also,
light microscopic and ultrastructure studies for liver tissues of
LCT-intoxicated animals showed mononuclear leukocytic infiltration in the
parenchyma, congested portal vein with thickened wall, and proliferation of bile
duct and hepatocytes with cytoplasmic vacuolations, fatty changes, and collagen
fibers. Panax ginseng co-treatment attenuated
oxidative stress biomarkers. Both tested doses of Panax
ginseng (100 and 200 mg /kg b. wt./day) significantly decreased
p53 and elevate Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expression levels and reveals significant
amelioration and restoration of normal histology and ultrastructure of liver,
but 200 mg/kg b. wt. of Panax ginseng seems
to be more potent.

Conclusion

Panax ginseng exhibited
ameliorative effect against hepatic oxidative stress, apoptosis,
histopathological, and ultrastructural changes induced by LCT.
Identification of common neural substrates with connectomic abnormalities in four major psychiatric disorders: A connectome-wide association study
Authors: Tu Pei-Chi , Chen Mu-Hong , Chang Wan-Chen , Kao Zih-Kai , Hsu Ju-Wei , Lin Wei-Chen , Li Cheng-Ta , Su Tung-Ping , Bai Ya-Mei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Recent imaging studies of large datasets suggested that psychiatric disorders have common biological substrates. This study aimed to identify all the common neural substrates with connectomic abnormalities across four major psychiatric disorders by using the data-driven connectome-wide association method of multivariate distance matrix regression (MDMR).

Methods
This study analyzed a resting functional magnetic resonance imaging dataset of 100 patients with schizophrenia, 100 patients with bipolar I disorder, 100 patients with bipolar II disorder, 100 patients with major depressive disorder, and 100 healthy controls (HCs). We calculated a voxel-wise 4,330 × 4,330 matrix of whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) with 8-mm isotropic resolution for each participant and then performed MDMR to identify structures where the overall multivariate pattern of FC was significantly different between each patient group and the HC group. A conjunction analysis was performed to identify common neural regions with FC abnormalities across these four psychiatric disorders.

Results
The conjunction of the MDMR maps revealed that the four groups of patients shared connectomic abnormalities in distributed cortical and subcortical structures, which included bilateral thalamus, cerebellum, frontal pole, supramarginal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, lingual gyrus, lateral occipital cortex, and parahippocampus. The follow-up analysis based on pair-wise FC of these regions demonstrated that these psychiatric disorders also shared similar patterns of FC abnormalities characterized by sensory/subcortical hyperconnectivity, association/subcortical hypoconnectivity, and sensory/association hyperconnectivity.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that major psychiatric disorders share common connectomic abnormalities in distributed cortical and subcortical regions and provide crucial support for the common network hypothesis of major psychiatric disorders.
Raloxifene is a Female-specific Proteostasis Therapeutic in the Spinal Cord
Authors: Jenkins Edmund Charles , Casalena Gabriella , Gomez Maria , Zhao Dazhi , Kenny Timothy C , Shah Nagma , Manfredi Giovanni , Germain Doris 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSeveral neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by proteasome dysfunctions leading to protein aggregations and pathogenesis. Since we showed that estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) activates the proteasome, drugs able to stimulate ERα in the central nervous system (CNS) could hold potential for therapeutic intervention. However, the transcriptional effects of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), such as tamoxifen and raloxifene, can be tissue specific. A direct comparison of the effects of different SERMs on gene transcription in the CNS has never been performed. Here, we report an RNA-seq analysis of the spinal cord treated with estrogen, tamoxifen, or raloxifene. We find stark SERM and sex-specific differences in gene expression profiles in the spinal cord. Notably, raloxifene, but not estrogen or tamoxifen, modulates numerous deubiquitinating enzymes, proteasome subunits and assembly factors, and these effects translate into decreased protein aggregates. In the SOD1-G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, we found that even a low dose of raloxifene causes a significant decrease in mutant SOD1 aggregates in the spinal cord, accompanied by a delay in the decline of muscle strength in females, but not in males. These results strongly indicate SERM-selective as well as sex-specific effects, and emphasize the importance of sex as a biological variable to be considered for the careful selection of specific SERM for use in clinical trials for neurodegenerative diseases.
W′ Reconstitution Accelerates More with Decreasing Intensity in the Heavy- versus the Moderate-Intensity Domain
Authors: LIEVENS MAARTEN , CAEN KEVIN , BOURGOIS JAN G. , VERMEIRE KOBE , BOONE JAN 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the recovery intensity domain on W′ reconstitution. We used the W′BAL model as a framework and tested its predictive capabilities (W′PRED) across the different intensity domains.

Methods
Twelve young men (51.7 ± 5.9 mL·kg−1·min−1) completed a ramp incremental test, three to five constant power output (PO) tests to determine critical power (CP) and W′, and minimally two trials to verify the maximal lactate (La−) steady state. During four experimental trials, subjects performed two work bouts (WB1 and WB2) at P6 (i.e., PO that predicts exhaustion within 6 min) separated by a recovery interval at CP–10 W, Δgas exchange threshold (GET)–CP, GET, and 50% GET, respectively. WB1 was designed to deplete 75% W′, and the recovery time varied to replenish 50% W′. WB2 was performed to exhaustion (W′ACT). W′PRED was compared with W′ACT to evaluate the accuracy of the W′BAL model. Excess postexercise oxygen consumption was calculated as the difference between the measured and the predicted oxygen uptake during recovery.

Results

W′ACT averaged 49% ± 24%, 69% ± 24%, 81% ± 28%, and 93% ± 21% for CP–10 W, ΔGET–CP, GET, and 50% GET, respectively (P = 0.002). W′PRED overestimated W′ACT in CP-10 W (34% ± 32%, P = 0.004) and underestimated W′ACT in 50% GET (24% ± 28%, P = 0.013). Excess postexercise oxygen consumption was lowest in CP–10 W (P < 0.01) and higher in GET compared with ΔGET–CP (P = 0.01).

Conclusion
We demonstrated that W′PRED overestimated and underestimated W′ACT in the heavy- and moderate-intensity domain, respectively. Therefore, the practical applicability of a single recovery time constant, which only relies on the difference between the recovery PO and the CP, is questionable.
Policy actors’ perceptions of qualitative research in policymaking: the case of higher education rulemaking in the United States
Authors: Natow Rebecca S. 
Published: December 2020

Background:As calls for evidence-based policymaking become increasingly common, qualitative research has much to offer the policy community. However, policymakers frequently evidence a preference for quantitative research. By discounting the importance of qualitative research in the policymaking process, resulting policies and their target populations miss out on the benefits that qualitative research uniquely offers.
Aims and objectives:The purpose of this study was to examine how qualitative research has been perceived and used in the US government’s rulemaking process for creating higher education regulations.
Methods:This qualitative case study included data from semi-structured interviews with 34 policy actors involved in higher education rulemaking, rulemaking documents, and research reports cited in several key higher education regulations.
Findings:Many policy actors viewed qualitative research favourably, but qualitative studies have seldom been cited in higher education rulemaking. Several respondents discussed validity concerns and some policymakers’ misunderstandings regarding qualitative methods. Moreover, storytelling can influence policy actors’ perspectives about the content of policies, and qualitative research was viewed as effective at identifying compelling stories. Thus, narratives derived from qualitative research may provide an opportunity for qualitative researchers to have their work considered in policymaking processes.
Discussion and conclusion:Qualitative research faces challenges with gaining visibility and influence in the development of regulatory policy. However, this study has shown that qualitative research has the potential to be both useful and persuasive to policymakers. Studies that discuss relevant stories may be particularly compelling.
Optical vector analyzer with time-domain analysis capability
Authors: Li Shupeng , Qing Ting , Wang Lihan , Chen Xufeng , Fang Yijie , Tang Xiaohu , Cao Meihui , Pan Shilong 
Published: December 2020

Time-domain analysis (TDA) is useful for measuring optical devices along with a link and for diagnosing a long device. In this Letter, an optical vector analyzer with TDA capability is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The key to realizing TDA is a low-coherence optical carrier, which is achieved by modulating an electrical broadband signal on a continuous-wave light via acousto-optic modulation. Then, optical single-sideband modulation and vector balanced detection are used to measure the total frequency response of multiple devices under test (DUTs). Through an inverse Fourier transform, the obtained DUT impulses are distinguished in the time domain. Finally, time-domain gating and Fourier transform are applied to extract the frequency response of each DUT. An experiment is performed in which a fiber link comprising three DUTs and an

gas cell with a breakpoint inserted is characterized. The frequency setting resolution is 5 MHz, and a time-domain resolution of 30.84 ns is proved, which can reach 14.881 ns in theory.
Sensitivity of radio-photoluminescence glass dosimeters to accumulated doses
Authors: Kim Dong Wook , Sung Jiwon , Son Jaeman , Shin Han-Back , Kim Min-Joo , Noh Yu-Yun , Kim Hojae , Han Min Cheol , Kim Jihun , Han Su Chul , Chang Kyung Hwan , Kim Hojin , Park Kwangwoo , Yoon Myonggeun , Kim Jinsung , Shin Dongho 
Published: December 2020

Background
This study investigated the effect of accumulated doses on radio-photoluminescence glass dosimeters (RPLGDs) from measurements involving mega-voltage photons.

Methods
Forty-five commercially available RPLGDs were irradiated to estimate their dose responses. Photon beams of 6, 10, and 15 MV were irradiated onto the RPLGDs inside a phantom, which were divided into five groups with different doses and energies. Groups 1 and 2 were irradiated at 1, 5, 10, 50, and 100 Gy in a sequential manner; Group 3 was irradiated 10 times with a dose of 10 Gy; and Groups 4 and 5 followed the same method as that of Group 3, but with doses of 50 Gy and 100 Gy, respectively. Each device was subjected to a measurement reading procedure each time irradiation.

Results
For the annealed Group 1, RPLGD exhibited a linearity response with variance within 5%. For the non-annealed Group 2, readings demonstrated hyperlinearity at 6 MV and 10 MV, and linearity at 15 MV. Following the 100 Gy irradiation, the readings for Group 2 were 118.7 ± 1.9%, 112.2 ± 2.7%, and 101.5 ± 2.3% at 6, 10, and 15 MV, respectively. For Groups 3, 4, and 5, the responsiveness of the RPLGDs gradually decreased as the number of repeated irradiations increased. The percentage readings for the 10th beam irradiation with respect to the readings for the primary beam irradiation were 84.6 ± 1.9%, 87.5 ± 2.4%, and 93.0 ± 3.0% at 6 MV, 10 MV, and 15 MV, respectively.

Conclusions
The non-annealed RPLGD response to dose was hyperlinear for the 6 MV and 10 MV photon beams but not for the 15 MV photon beam. Additionally, the annealed RPLGD exhibited a fading phenomenon when the measurement was repeated several times and demonstrated a relatively large fading effect at low energies than at high energies.
Time after ostomy surgery and type of treatment are associated with quality of life changes in colorectal cancer patients with colostomy
Authors: Silva Karine de Almeida , Duarte Arenamoline Xavier , Cruz Amanda Rodrigues , de Araújo Lúcio Borges , Pena Geórgia das Graças 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
Quality of life in colorectal cancer patients may be affected by colostomy and treatment, but relevant studies are still scarce and contradictory. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between colostomy time and treatment type with quality of life in colorectal cancer patients.

Methods
A prospective observational study of 41 patients with colorectal cancer was conducted on three occasions T0, T1 and T2 (0–2; 3–5 and 6–8 months after ostomy surgery, respectively). The treatments prescribed were: surgery alone, chemotherapy or radiotherapy, or chemoradiotherapy. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer questionnaires were used to evaluate quality of life. Worsening clinical changes were evaluated considering difference in scores between times of surgery ≥±9 points.

Results
Regarding ostomy surgery, scores in physical function improved between T0 and T1 and these better scores were maintained at T1 to T2. The same was observed for urinary frequency, appetite loss and dry mouth. Chemoradiotherapy was associated with worse scores for global health status, nausea and vomiting, bloating and dry mouth. Although significant differences were not observed in some domains in the Generalized Estimating Equations analysis, patients showed noticeable changes for the worse in the pain, anxiety, weight concern, flatulence and embarrassment domains during these periods.

Conclusions
Colostomy improved quality of life at 3–5 months in most domains of quality of life and remained better at 6–8 months after surgery. Chemoradiotherapy had a late negative influence on quality of life. Health teams could use these results to reassure patients that this procedure will improve their quality of life in many functional and symptomatic aspects.