bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A fifteen‐year review of skin allergy testing in Irish patients with symptomatic rhinitis
Authors: Nae Andreea , Hinchion K. , Keogh I.J. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveOur objective was to review skin prick allergy testing (SPAT) results in patients with symptomatic rhinitis in an Irish population.MethodsA fifteen‐year retrospective review of our database of symptomatic patients with rhinitis was performed. All patients who had SPAT performed during this interval were included. Data was analysed in terms of demographics and dominant allergens.Results1158 patients were included. 617 Females vs 541 Males. Age range five to eighty‐five years old. Mean age thirty‐four years. 49% of our patients tested positive to at least one aeroallergen. The most common allergens were dust mites (23%) and timothy grass (22%). Patients born during the Irish pollen season (April–July) were between 5 and 7 times more likely to be sensitive to timothy and ryegrass pollens compared to others tested. 241 patients had both SPAT and serum allergen specific IgE testing (SASIgET) performed; positive results were consistent between both groups.ConclusionResults demonstrated that half of our patients with symptomatic rhinitis had allergen sensitisation. Dust mites and grass were the main allergens in our area. Our nurse led clinic has allowed efficient patient education and the development of a unique Irish SPAT database. Retesting a patient with a known allergy test result it is not indicated.
Exploitable hosts used in cloud native cyber attacks
Authors: Morag Assaf 
Published: October 2020

Can an in-depth analysis of elements from cyber attack campaigns teach us something new? The answer is yes. As we've seen all too often, crypto-mining campaigns often initiate a vicious circle that starts by infecting and exploiting the host to seek new targets and infect new victims with the same malware. Can an in-depth analysis of elements from cyber attack campaigns teach us something new? The answer is yes. Based on data from a honeypot, Assaf Morag of Aqua Security examines the mechanisms used to automatically infect a host with crypto-miners and then seek out new vulnerable hosts and infect them as well. He also analyses the IPs of the victims. The conclusions reveal an increasing number of vulnerable IPs and ever-greater sophistication by attackers.
How organisations can ethically negotiate ransomware payments
Authors: Hofmann Tom 
Published: October 2020

By 2021, a new organisation will be falling victim to ransomware every 11 seconds. 1 However, ransomware figures have been skyrocketing since 2017 when the globe was hit by WannaCry and NotPetya. At that time, the term ‘ransomware’ entered common parlance and 54% of businesses were hit by these attacks. Ransomware figures have been skyrocketing since 2017 when the globe was hit by WannaCry and NotPetya. The onus lies on business leaders to make the ultimate decision – to pay or not to pay. Many leaders will take the high ground because they don't want to be seen negotiating with criminals. Yet other organisations have no option but to pay if they are to survive. Tom Hofmann of Flashpoint negotiates a way through this ethical minefield.
Moving from blocker to enabler: cloud security and the modern CISO
Authors: Subramanian Olivier 
Published: October 2020

The role of the chief information security officer (CISO) is changing. It's an exciting time for many working in information security as the new world of public cloud comes to fruition and is driving an evolution. Yet this pace of change for some can feel unsettling, so it is not uncommon for CISOs and security teams to want to revert to older models and this has become more prevalent with the increasing shift to public cloud. The role of the chief information security officer (CISO) is changing. It's an exciting time for many as the new world of public cloud comes to fruition. But change often brings fear and anxiety, and it's not unusual for the IT security function to act as ‘blockers’. Yet with the right changes, modern CISOs can act as a springboard to demonstrate relevance and the importance of their role while shaping a more secure IT landscape, says Olivier Subramanian of Contino.
How to leverage data security in a post-Covid world
Authors: Babbs Andrea 
Published: October 2020

Cyber security is often pushed down the list of priorities, and this was abundantly clear as businesses had to rush to get employees up and running for business continuity in recent months. Many already had some level of protection in place, but with a lasting switch to remote working and changing work habits and practices, there must be a refreshed emphasis on data security to protect employees, customers and businesses. Cyber security is often pushed down the list of priorities and this became abundantly clear as businesses had to rush to get employees up and running when working from home in recent months. With a lasting switch to remote working and changing work habits and practices, there must be a refreshed emphasis on data security. The new normal of hybrid workforces must have the correct layers of security that protect all types of employees. It's about increasing awareness and improving email culture, argues Andrea Babbs of Vipre Security.
Trade Law and Supply Chain Regulation in a Post-COVID-19 World
Authors: Meyer Timothy 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis Essay argues that trade agreements may overly constrain the ability of states to regulate supply chains for critical products such as medical supplies. Free trade agreements (FTAs) may exacerbate supply chain concentration, especially through loose rules of origin. And WTO rules constrain preventative regulation of supply chain risks designed to prevent a crisis, while providing exceptions for aggressive action only in the face of a crisis. Thus, WTO members risk flouting WTO rules if they do not limit aggressive, preventative supply chain regulation.
Factors associated with non-optimal resource utilization of air ambulance for interfacility transfer of injured patients
Authors: Quirion Andrew , Ahghari Mahvareh , Nolan Brodie 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveTimely access to definitive care is associated with improved outcomes in trauma patients. The goal of this study is to identify patient, institutional and paramedic risk factors for non-optimal resource utilization for interfacility transfers of injured adult patients transported by air ambulance to a LTC.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of adult emergent interfacility transports via Ornge with data collected on patient demographics, clinical status, sending facilities, transport details and paramedic qualifications. A logistic regression model was used to analyze data.Results1777 injured patients undergoing transport with Ornge were analyzed with 805 of these undergoing non-optimal transport. Patients who had an optimal resource use were found to be older and mechanically ventilated. Risk factors increasing odds of non-optimal transport included patients transported from a nursing station (OR 1.94), transport with primary or advanced care paramedics (OR 6.57 and 1.44, respectively) and transport between both 0800-1700 and 1700-0000 (OR 1.40 and 1.54, respectively). The median delay to arrival to receiving facility if a patient had a non-optimal resource use was 40 minutes.ConclusionsThree main risk factors were identified in this study. We believe that nursing stations as a sending facility and type of paramedics crew transporting patients resulted in non-optimal resource utilization primarily due to triage of lower acuity patients. However the timing of day is more likely to be a resource availability issue and something that can be further studied and potentially improved moving forward.
Automation risk and support for welfare policies: how does the threat of unemployment affect demanding active labour market policy support?
Authors: Im Zhen Jie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHow does unemployment risk affect workers’ support for demanding active labour market policies (ALMPs)? There may be a substantial number of workers who experience unemployment risk from labour market disruptions. Yet, we know less about its impact on demanding ALMP support than the impact of unemployment status. Here, I explore the impact of unemployment risk through automation. Automation-threatened workers’ support for demanding ALMPs may be influenced by two opposing considerations that are linked to their potential reliance on welfare. First, they may worry about barriers to welfare access. Second, they may worry about welfare competition, especially under austerity. Their support for demanding ALMPs would hence depend on which consideration they find to be most salient. Based on the European Social Survey (2016) data on West European countries, I find that automation-threatened workers significantly support such policies. This may indicate that they find welfare competition concerns more salient than welfare access ones.
Computational Identification of Repeat-Containing Proteins and Systems
Authors: Altae-Tran Han , Gao Linyi , Strecker Jonathan , Macrae Rhiannon K. , Zhang Feng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRepetitive sequence elements in proteins and nucleic acids are often signatures of adaptive or reprogrammable systems in nature. Known examples of these systems, such as transcriptional activator-like effectors (TALE) and CRISPR, have been harnessed as powerful molecular tools with a wide range of applications including genome editing. The continued expansion of genomic sequence databases raises the possibility of prospectively identifying new such systems by computational mining. By leveraging sequence repeats as an organizing principle, here we develop a systematic genome mining approach to explore new types of naturally adaptive systems, five of which are discussed in greater detail. These results highlight the existence of a diverse range of intriguing systems in nature that remain to be explored and also provide a framework for future discovery efforts.
Translation, Print Media, and Image in Arab Modern Art
Authors: Gencer Yasemin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe anthology of primary sources presented in Modern Art in the Arab World reveals a wealth of ideas, attitudes, hopes, fears, and concerns surrounding the many facets of modernism and art. The essays therein provide first-hand accounts of developing art scenes from across the Arab world and their relationships to their audiences on local, national, transnational, and global scales. These documents, many of which have been translated from Arabic or French into English for the first time, offer individual, in situ insights into a broad range of issues pertaining to art in the twentieth century while furnishing readers with numerous threads that connect these geographies with changes through time. Four matters in particular – the centrality of translation, print media, art, and image management to modernization – permeate this anthology's content and will be explored further in the following essay.
THE SOCIAL NETWORKS OF INVESTMENT IN EARLY MODERN ENGLAND
Authors: SMITH EDMOND 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe launch of the East India Company in 1599 relied on the engagement of an investing public. Despite this, little is known about how and why ordinary individual investors chose to invest in the corporation or what institutional frameworks supported them. While the later ‘financial revolution’ would radically alter the relationship between the state, investors, and financial organizations, this process does not adequately explain the earlier development of an investing public. Using a newly developed dataset of members’ familial, neighbourhood, civic, and business connections, this article reconstructs the social networks of East India Company investors in 1599. This analysis reveals that the company was formulated within an intensely interconnected investment environment – linkages that were used to distribute information and provide access to seemingly illiquid markets. Social networks played a key role in how people decided about where, when, with whom, and how much to invest during the expansion of investment opportunities in early modern England.
Finnish word order: Does comprehension matter?
Authors: Brattico Pauli 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFinnish word order is relatively free, making room for all mathematically possible word orders in many constructions. Because there is no evidence in this language for radical nonconfigurationality, explanations must be sought from syntax. It is argued in this article that morphosyntax and word order represent syntactic structure at the PF-interface. Rich morphosyntax frees word order, poor morphosyntax freezes it. The hypothesis is formalized within the context of a parsing-oriented theory of the human language faculty (UG) combining left-to-right minimalism with the dynamic syntax approach. The analysis was implemented as an algorithm and successfully tested with a corpus of 119,800 unique Finnish word orders.
Embryo co-culture with bovine amniotic membrane stem cells can enhance the cryo-survival of IVF-derived bovine blastocysts comparable with co-culture with bovine oviduct epithelial cells
Authors: Nejat-Dehkordi Shayan , Ahmadi Ebrahim , Shirazi Abolfazl , Nazari Hassan , Shams-Esfandabadi Naser 
Published: October 2020

SummaryCulture conditions have a profound effect on the quality of in vitro-produced embryos. Co-culturing embryos with somatic cells has some beneficial effects on embryonic development. Considering the ability of stem cells to secrete a broad range of growth factors with different biological activities, we hypothesized that bovine amniotic membrane stem cells (bAMSCs) might be superior to bovine oviduct epithelial cells (BOECs) in supporting embryonic development and enhancing their cryo-survival. Bovine abattoir-derived oocytes were matured and fertilized in vitro. The resultant presumptive zygotes were then cultured up to the blastocyst stage in the following groups: (i) co-culture with bAMSCs, (ii) co-culture with BOECs, and (iii) cell-free culture (Con). Embryos that reached the blastocyst stage were vitrified and warmed, and their post-warming re-expansion, survival and hatching rates were evaluated after 72 h culture. Results showed that the cleavage, blastocyst, and 2 h post-warming re-expansion rates of embryos did not differ between groups. However, their survival rates in BOEC and bAMSC groups were significantly higher compared with the control (72.7, 75.6 and 37.5%, respectively, P < 0.05). In conclusion, our results showed that the cryo-survivability of IVF-derived bovine embryos could be improved through co-culturing with bAMSCs. Moreover, considering the possibility to provide multiple passages from bAMSCs compared with BOECs, due to their stemness properties and their ability to produce growth factors, the use of bAMSCs is a good alternative to BOECs in embryo co-culture systems.
Neurological manifestations in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients: a systematic review of literature
Authors: Ibrahim Wael 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe exact incidence of neurological complications from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection remains unknown. Neurological symptoms are more common with severe form of the disease. Through neuro-invasion, the virus can affect both neurons and glial cells and induce wide range of neurological pathologies.ObjectivesTo systematically assess the neurological manifestations in patients diagnosed with COVID-19.MethodsA systematic literature search of the PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases was performed. Randomized controlled trials, nonrandomized controlled trials, observational studies of neurological manifestations in patients diagnosed with COVID-19.ResultsAll three-database search identified 89 publications. A total of 22 full-text articles assessed for eligibility with 12 articles excluded. Altogether, the included studies reported 290 patients with neurological manifestations. Neurological manifestations were subdivided into central causes (CNS) and peripheral causes (PNS). CNS symptoms is commoner representing 91% of all neurological patients with 9% only with PNS. Headache represented the commonest neurological symptoms in regard to number of patients, meanwhile dizziness has the highest incidence with 11.9%. Neurological manifestations were divided according to COVID-19 severity into: (1) nonsevere and (2) severe; with all CNS manifestations were more in severe patients except headache were more in nonsevere patients. All included studies were on adult patients except one study in pediatric patients with limited number of participants.ConclusionsFrom the descriptive analyses and available data of relatively small sample-sized studies, it can be concluded that in spite of the aforementioned limitations, that a wide spectrum of neurological manifestations including CNS and PNS can occur in COVID-19 patients.
Natural Law and the Chair of Ethics in the University of Naples, 1703–1769
Authors: Waldmann Felix 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis articles focuses on a significant change to the curriculum in “ethics” (moral philosophy) in the University of Naples, superintended by Celestino Galiani, the rector of the university (1732–53), and Antonio Genovesi, Galiani's protégé and the university's professor of ethics (1746–54). The article contends that Galiani's and Genovesi's sympathies lay with the form of “modern natural law” pioneered by Hugo Grotius and his followers in Northern Europe. The transformation of curricular ethics in Protestant contexts had stemmed from an anxiety about its relevance in the face of moral skepticism. The article shows how this anxiety affected a Catholic context, and it responds to John Robertson's contention that Giambattista Vico's use of “sacred history” in hisScienza nuova(1725, revised 1730, 1744) typified a search among Catholics for an alternative to “scholastic natural law,” when the latter was found insufficiently to explain the sources of human sociability.
EXPLORING THE LANDSCAPE OF RELATIONAL SYLLOGISTIC LOGICS
Authors: KRUCKMAN ALEX , MOSS LAWRENCE S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper explores relational syllogistic logics, a family of logical systems related to reasoning about relations in extensions of the classical syllogistic. These are all decidable logical systems. We prove completeness theorems and complexity results for a natural subfamily of relational syllogistic logics, parametrized by constructors for terms and for sentences.
How are Social Ties Protective?
Authors: Taylor Shelley E. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Social ties are the most important resource human beings have. Although other people can be difficult and challenging, they can also provide protection, solace, and social support, among other benefits. However, some relationships can be toxic and because these adverse conditions can be physiologically taxing, they can negatively affect both mental and physical health. Changes such as these can operate in large part through alterations in the sympathetic nervous system, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system, and the immune system. Much of the benefit of social support is perceptual and stems from the comfort of believing that supportive others can or will be there when times are stressful. The abilities to gain and perceive social support begin early in life and are heavily influenced by the climate of the family. Social support depends, in part, on reciprocity, yet many challenges to receiving support exist. Giving support to others has its own psychological and physiological benefits, although at intense levels, such as demanding caregiving responsibilities, these benefits dwindle. Moreover, social support needs change over time with changing circumstances. Public policy efforts to help people build and capitalize on their potential support networks is essential to maximize the impact of social ties on mental and physical health.
Injection‐Induced Earthquakes Near Milan, Kansas, Controlled by Karstic Networks
Authors: Joubert Charlène , Sohrabi Reza , Rubinstein Justin L. , Jansen Gunnar , Miller Stephen A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInduced earthquakes from waste disposal operations in otherwise tectonically stable regions significantly increases seismic hazard. It remains unclear why injections induce large earthquakes on non‐optimally oriented faults kilometers below the injection horizon, particularly since fluids are not injected under pressure, but rather poured, into the well as observed in the Milan, Kansas area. Here we propose a mechanism for induced earthquakes whereby the karstic lower Arbuckle provides the short‐circuit that establishes a tens of MPa stepwise fluid pressure increase within the basement upon arrival of the hydraulic connection to the free surface and ultimately induce slip on the deeper fault. We investigate this scenario through modeling and mechanical analysis and show that earthquakes near Milan are likely induced by large (and sudden) fluid pressure changes when the karst network links two previously isolated hydrological systems.
Poleward Shift of Atmospheric Rivers in the Southern Hemisphere in Recent Decades
Authors: Ma Weiming , Chen Gang , Guan Bin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe atmospheric river (AR) frequency trends over the Southern Hemisphere are investigated using three reanalyses and two Community Earth System Model (CESM) ensembles. The results show that AR frequency has been increasing over the Southern Ocean and decreasing over lower latitudes in the past four decades and that ARs have been shifting poleward. While the observed trends are mostly driven by the poleward shift of the westerly jet, fully coupled CESM experiments indicate anthropogenic forcing would result in positive AR frequency trends over the Southern Ocean due mostly to moisture changes. The difference between the observed trends and anthropogenically driven trends can be largely reconciled by the atmosphere‐only CESM simulations forced by observed sea surface temperatures: Sea surface temperature variability characteristic of the negative phase of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation strongly suppresses the moisture‐driven trends while enhances the circulation‐induced trends over the Southern Ocean, thus bringing the simulated trends into closer agreement with the observed trends.
Stable Isotope Composition of Cyclone Mekunu Rainfall, Southern Oman
Authors: Müller Thomas , Friesen Jan , Weise Stephan M. , Al Abri Omar , Bait Said Ali Bakhit Ali , Michelsen Nils 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCyclone Mekunu hit the southern Arabian Peninsula in late May 2018 and brought rainfall amounts that accounted for up to 6 times the mean annual precipitation. Coming from the Arabian Sea, a quite underdocumented region with regard to cyclones, the storm eye crossed the Omani coast approximately 80 km east of the border to Yemen. Using automatic samplers, rainfall samples were collected during the event at three locations along a transect almost parallel to the storm track. The stable isotope analyses show a wide range of δ values, with minimum and maximum values of −17.01‰ δ18O and −1.77‰ δ18O and −122.2‰ δ2H and −1.6‰ δ2H. On average, rainfall becomes isotopically lighter with elevation, but rather irregularly. In view of high wind speeds probably precluding a gradual rainout of ascending air masses, a “pseudo elevation effect” seems likely. Our measurements expand the known δ value range of local cyclones by about 6‰ for δ18O and by nearly 50‰ for δ2H. The isotopic composition of the annual Indian Summer Monsoon shows values of −0.93‰ δ18O to 2.21‰ δ18O and −2.1‰ δ2H to 23.7‰ δ2H. Thus, there is a clear difference in the dual isotope signatures of the two precipitation systems in the area. Our findings enable an assessment of the impact of cyclones on the hydro(geo)logical system. For the arid Najd area, we demonstrate that the isotopic signatures of groundwater samples fall between those of cyclone and (paleo)monsoon precipitation, suggesting that several rainfall types may have contributed to replenishment.