bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Storing fish?: a dog’s isotopic biography provides insight into Iron Age food preservation strategies in the Russian Arctic
Authors: Losey Robert J. , Guiry Eric , Nomokonova Tatiana , Gusev Andrei V. , Szpak Paul 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAnalysis of individual animal bodies can provide numerous useful insights in archeology, including how humans provisioned such animals, which in turn informs on a variety of other past behaviors such as human dietary patterns. In this study, we conducted stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope analysis of collagen and keratin from four types of tissues from a dog burial at the Ust’-Polui site in the Iamal region of Arctic Russia. Ust’-Polui is an Iron Age site located on the Lower Ob River, a major northern fishery characterized by extreme seasonal shifts in fish presence. During a 6-month period stretching over the coldest months of the year, fish are nearly entirely absent in the Lower Ob River. Despite this, the stable isotope compositions of the dog’s bone and dentine collagen and hair and nail keratin all indicate a monotonous diet focusing on local fish. This pattern indicates the dog was provisioned year-round with fish. This was likely accomplished by mass harvesting of fish using nets or traps. Such fish were then processed and frozen for consumption during the non-fishing season. These findings suggest that people in the Ust’-Polui region also relied to some extent on fish throughout the year. Stored fish likely provided a dietary buffer for uneven returns from reindeer and bird hunting, both of which also are well-evidenced at the site.
Adsorption of lead(II) from aqueous solution using Africa elemi seed, mucuna shell and oyster shell as adsorbents and optimization using Box–Behnken design
Authors: Okolo B. I. , Oke E. O. , Agu Chinedu M. , Adeyi O. , Nwoso-Obieogu K. , Akatobi K. N. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to model and optimize the adsorption of Pb(II) ions from an aqueous solution using Africa elemi seed, mucuna shell and oyster shell modified with orthophosphorous acid used as adsorbents. The influence of operational parameters such as adsorbent dosage, initial pH and contact time was evaluated by response surface methodology (RSM). The interactions between the operational parameters were evaluated using Box–Behnken design of response surface methodology. The optimum conditions for maximum removal of Pb(II) ions were observed at pH of 2.0, 100 mg adsorbent dosage and 70 min of contact time, with correlation coefficient R2, 0.996 for Africa elemi seed adsorbent; pH of 6.0, 100 mg adsorbent dosage and 40 min contact time with R2 0.996 for mucuna shell adsorbent; and pH of 6.0, 100 mg adsorbent dosage and contact time of 40 min for oyster shell adsorbent. The ANOVA results obtained from the RSM were analyzed using second-order polynomial equations, and the contour plots showed the interaction among the variables of the adsorption. This shows that the prepared low-cost adsorbents can be effectively adopted for the removal of Pb(II) ions from industrial wastewaters.
KIF2C: a novel link between Wnt/β-catenin and mTORC1 signaling in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wei Shi , Dai Miaomiao , Zhang Chi , Teng Kai , Wang Fengwei , Li Hongbo , Sun Weipeng , Feng Zihao , Kang Tiebang , Guan Xinyuan , Xu Ruihua , Cai Muyan , Xie Dan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy and is the fourth-leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. HCC is refractory to many standard cancer treatments and the prognosis is often poor, highlighting a pressing need to identify biomarkers of aggressiveness and potential targets for future treatments. Kinesin family member 2C (KIF2C) is reported to be highly expressed in several human tumors. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of KIF2C in tumor development and progression have not been investigated. In this study, we found that KIF2C expression was significantly upregulated in HCC, and that KIF2C up-regulation was associated with a poor prognosis. Utilizing both gain and loss of function assays, we showed that KIF2C promoted HCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis bothin vitroandin vivo. Mechanistically, we identified TBC1D7 as a binding partner of KIF2C, and this interaction disrupts the formation of the TSC complex, resulting in the enhancement of mammalian target of rapamycin complex1 (mTORC1) signal transduction. Additionally, we found that KIF2C is a direct target of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and acts as a key factor in mediating the crosstalk between Wnt/β-catenin and mTORC1 signaling. Thus, the results of our study establish a link between Wnt/β-catenin and mTORC1 signaling, which highlights the potential of KIF2C as a therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
Effect of ash removal on structure and pyrolysis/gasification reactivity of a Chinese bituminous coal
Authors: He Qing , Gong Yan , Ding Lu , Wang Xingjun , Yu Guangsuo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this study, the effect of ash removal on Shenfu bituminous coal was investigated. The coal was pretreated by hydrofluoric acid (HF) pickling, and the raw/pretreated coal chars were prepared at 900 °C in a fixed bed reactor. The structure of coal and char were detected by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. The reactivity was tested in a thermogravimetric analyzer, including coal pyrolysis and char gasification. The reaction kinetics was analyzed through the Coats–Redfern method, master plots, the model-free and model-fitting method. The results show that the HF pickling can remove silicon from coal efficiently, and the macromolecular framework of coal is quite stable according to FTIR. The Raman parameters imply some carbonaceous structure on coal surface changed. For slow pyrolysis of coal, the effect of heating rate is considered. The changes of pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics are insignificant. For char gasification, the reactivity under isothermal and non-isothermal condition are discussed with an emphasis in different residence time of devolatilization process. In kinetic control region (low temperature), the activation energy (Ea) is very close (about 240 kJ/mol) for all chars. With the temperature increases, the reactivity of raw coal char is more easily suffered by diffusion. The random pore model is more suitable for the ash-free coal char, and the char with long residence time has a larger value of structural parameter ψ and smaller value of pre-exponential factor A. The Ea calculated by model-fitting and model-free method were in good agreement.
Mandatory Audit Firm Rotation for Listed Companies: The Effects in the Netherlands
Authors: de Jong Bas , Hijink Steven , in ’t Veld Lars 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Audit Regulation was adopted in 2014 to address many of the perceived failings in the market for statutory audits. It introduced mandatory audit firm rotation for public-interest entities, including listed companies, as of 17 June 2020/2023. Mandatory audit firm rotation was also considered by the Dutch legislator in 2012. Therefore, many Dutch listed companies had already switched audit firm in anticipation of the national requirement. In this article, we investigate the effects of mandatory audit firm rotation in the Netherlands by examining the financial reports of Dutch listed firms over the financial years 2012–2016 and by conducting a survey among stakeholders. We conclude that there is broad support for mandatory audit firm rotation in the Netherlands. Although mandatory audit firm rotation was seen as controversial at the time of adoption, it is now considered desirable by various stakeholders, including auditors themselves. However, mandatory audit firm rotation appears to have had some adverse effects. Most notably, our study shows a higher probability of errors in first year audits. The discount in audit fees provided by audit firms to lucrative larger public-interest entities for first year audits—the trophy client effect—may exacerbate the negative effect on audit quality. The Audit Regulation’s goals to improve the market for statutory audits have not been met so far.
Mechanisms for inclusion and exclusion through digital political participation: Evidence from a comparative study of online consultations in three German cities
Authors: Rottinghaus Bastian , Escher Tobias 
Published: August 2020

AbstractConsistent findings of unequal political participation have been motivating different democratic innovations, including those that utilize the opportunities of information and communication technologies for political online participation. While previous research has established only a limited mobilizing potential of digital media, we still lack a good understanding of the mechanisms leading citizens to decide for or against engagement online. Therefore, we investigate who participates in opportunities for political online participation, what explains (non)-engagement and how effective personalized invitations are to increase and diversify participation. To address these questions, we conducted a comparative study of three almost identical instances of local online participation, relying on evidence from surveys of registered users and random samples of the local population.Our results show that engagement in online participation is indeed significantly biased from the population towards resource-rich individuals who also differ in their assessment of the participation process and its results. This is despite the fact that knowledge of these participation opportunities is equally distributed among all social groups. While online aversion is a barrier for some, distrust in the participation process and lack of interest are more powerful reasons to refrain from engagement. Using a randomized-controlled field experiment we can confirm that personalized invitations are an effective instrument for mobilization that increased participation by a factor of four to seven and that can to a limited degree elicit participation from under-represented groups. These findings have a number of important implications for researchers and practitioners who aim to increase equality in political participation.
The effects of agomelatine and imipramine on liver cytochrome P450 during chronic mild stress (CMS) in the rat
Authors: Haduch Anna , Bromek Ewa , Rysz Marta , Pukło Renata , Papp Mariusz , Gruca Piotr , Łasoń Magdalena , Niemczyk Monika , Daniel Władysława A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The aim of our research was to determine the effects of chronic treatment with the atypical antidepressant agomelatine on the expression and activity of liver cytochrome P450 (CYP) in the chronic mild stress (CMS) model of depression, and to compare the results with those obtained for the first-generation antidepressant imipramine.

Methods
Male Wistar rats were subjected to CMS for 7 weeks. Imipramine (10 mg/kg ip/day) or agomelatine (40 mg/kg ip/day) was administered to nonstressed or stressed animals for 5 weeks (weeks 3–7 of CMS). The levels of cytochrome P450 mRNA, protein and activity were measured in the liver.

Results
Agomelatine and imipramine produced different broad-spectrum effects on cytochrome P450. Like imipramine, agomelatine increased the expression/activity of CYP2B and CYP2C6, and decreased the CYP2D activity. Unlike imipramine, agomelatine raised the expression/activity of CYP1A, CYP2A and reduced that of CYP2C11 and CYP3A. CMS modified the effects of antidepressants at transcriptional/posttranscriptional level; however, the enzyme activity in stressed rats remained similar to that in nonstressed animals. CMS alone decreased the CYP2B1 mRNA level and increased that of CYP2C11.

Conclusion
We conclude the following: (1) the effects of agomelatine and imipramine on cytochrome P450 are different and involve both central and peripheral regulatory mechanisms, which implicates the possibility of drug–drug interactions; (2) CMS influences the effects of antidepressants on cytochrome P450 expression, but does not change appreciably their effects on the enzyme activity. This suggests that the rate of antidepressant drug metabolism under CMS is similar to that under normal conditions.
Uncertainty analysis and robust shape optimisation for laminar flow aerofoils
Authors: Hollom J. , Qin N. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUncertainty in the critical amplification factor (
$N_{cr}$
) of the
$e^N$
transition model is used to approximate the uncertainty in the surface and flow quality of natural laminar flow (NLF) aerofoils. The uncertainty in
$N_{cr}$
is represented by a negative half-normal probability distribution that descends from the largest
$N_{cr}$
achievable with an ideal surface and flow quality. The uncertainty in various aerodynamic coefficients due to the uncertainty in
$N_{cr}$
is quantified using the weighted mean and standard deviation of flow solutions run at different
$N_{cr}$
values. The uncertainty in the aerofoil performance is assessed using this methodology. It is found that the standard deviation of the aerofoil performance due to the uncertainty in
$N_{cr}$
is largest when the transition location is most sensitive to changes in the lift coefficient at the ideal
$N_{cr}$
. Robust shape optimisation is also carried out to improve the mean performance and reduce the standard deviation of the performance with uncertainty in
$N_{cr}$
. This is found to be effective at producing aerofoils with a larger amount of laminar flow that are less sensitivity to uncertainty in
$N_{cr}$
. A trade-off is observed between the mean performance and the standard deviation of the performance. It is also found that reducing the standard deviation of the performance at one Mach number or lift coefficient design point can cause an increase in the standard deviation off-design.
Defusing the Regress Challenge to Debunking Arguments
Authors: Yeo Shang Long 
Published: August 2020

AbstractsA debunking argument contends that some target moral judgments were produced by unreliable processes and concludes that such judgments are unjustified. Debunking arguments face a regress challenge: to show that a process is unreliable at tracking the moral truth, we need to rely on other moral judgments. But we must show that these relied-upon judgments are also reliable, which requires yet a further set of judgments, whose reliability needs to be confirmed too, and so on. Some argue that the debunker faces an insurmountable regress, which disables the debunking conclusion. In this paper, I explore and defuse this regress challenge.
Development of a whiteboard video for managing trauma patients outside a tertiary trauma centre
Authors: Wong Kealin , Beno Suzanne , Ackery Alun 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTThis article describes the process of developing an educational whiteboard video for community trauma management and transport. Whiteboard videos have become widely used as educational resources for various medical subject matters. These short videos package information concisely through real-time illustration with an accompanying narration. Based on a needs assessment we created a free open access educational resource for community trauma management and transport. A group of interdisciplinary trauma providers partnered in content/script development, video design and dissemination. A third-party production company oversaw video animation and voice-over. The video was disseminated widely through stakeholders and various multimedia channels. We surveyed a sample of our intended audience and the majority of respondents perceived the video to be an effective educational resource. Although cost may represent a potential barrier for producing whiteboard videos, there appears to be a role in creating educational content using this multimedia format.
Seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies among healthcare workers with differing levels of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient exposure
Authors: Hunter Benton R. , Dbeibo Lana , Weaver Christopher S. , Beeler Cole , Saysana Michele , Zimmerman Michelle K. , Weaver Lindsay 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHealthcare employees were tested for antibodies against severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Among 734 employees, the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 1.6%. Employees with heavy coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exposure had similar antibody prevalence as those with limited or no exposure. Guidelines for PPE use seem effective for preventing COVID-19 infection in healthcare workers.
Historical surface mass balance from a frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar survey from Zhongshan station to Dome A
Authors: Guo Jingxue , Yang Wangxiao , Dou Yinke , Tang Xueyuan , Greenbaum Jamin S. , Dou Ruofan , Pan Yao , Zhang Yuzhong , Ding Minghu , Jiang Su , Shi Guitao , Cui Xiangbin , Sun Bo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUsing frequency-modulated continuous wave radar data from the 32nd Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition in 2015/16, subsurface profiles were obtained along an East Antarctic inland traverse from Zhongshan station to Dome A, and four distinct regions were selected to analyze the spatiotemporal variability in historical surface mass balance (SMB). Based on depth, density, and age data from ice cores along the traverse, the radar data were calibrated to yield average SMB data. The zone 49–195 km from the coast has the highest SMB (235 kg m−2a−1). The 780–892 km zone was most affected by the Medieval Warm Period and the Little Ice Age, and the SMB duringad1454–1836 (71 kg m−2a−1) was only one-quarter of that in the 20th century. The SMB in the 1080–1157 km zone fluctuates the most, possibly due to erosion or irregular deposition of snow by katabatic winds in low SMB areas with surface elevation fluctuations. Dome A (1157–1236 km) has the lowest SMB (29 kg m−2a−1) and did not decrease during Little Ice Age. Understanding the spatiotemporal variability of SMB in a larger space can help us understand the complex climate history of Antarctica.
Consumer-generated reviews: time for closer scrutiny?
Authors: Ezechukwu Nwanneka Victoria 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper focuses on consumer-generated reviews (CGRs), which are an increasingly influential source of consumer information. In particular, the paper highlights specific problems associated with CGRs, which questions their role as a reliable information source. Flowing from this, the paper calls for closer regulatory scrutiny of review platforms, which play an important intermediary role in facilitating the provision of CGRs. To this end, the paper considers possible regulatory responses in the EU which may address some of the issues highlighted.
Understanding the barriers to defendant participation in criminal proceedings in England and Wales
Authors: Owusu-Bempah Abenaa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOver the past two decades, there have been significant legal developments aimed at securing and enhancing the participation of vulnerable witnesses in criminal trials. Yet, there remains relatively little regard for the fact that many defendants, including those who are not deemed to be vulnerable, are unable to participate in criminal proceedings in a meaningful sense. This paper aims to address two questions. First, why should defendants have participatory rights and be capable of meaningful participation in criminal proceedings? Second, why has it proven so difficult to attain meaningful participation of defendants? It is contended that barriers to meaningful communication between the defendant and the court could be dismantled without great difficulty, but continue to exist because due regard is not given to the normative rationales for participatory rights and defendant participation.
Bound Together: The Intimacies of Music-Book Collecting in the Early American Republic
Authors: GOODMAN GLENDA 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article is a microhistory of music collecting in eighteenth-century America. It focuses on the life and collection of an elite white woman, Sally Brown, who gathered an amount of music that was unusual for women in the USA at that time. She was able to do so because her family had a successful mercantile business, one that included the slave trade. Sally’s experiences shed light on the gendered history of amateur music-making, which this article posits were connected to other gendered forms of domestic labour in the early American republic. By tracing how Sally acquired music, this article demonstrates the importance both of affective, personal ties and of the anonymized labour of the global trade network, which supplied her and other consumers with music-book materials. This article argues that, in ways with which musicological scholarship has yet to reckon, intimacy and labour contributed to music collecting at both individual and structural levels.
THE LITERARY POLEMICS OFANTH. PAL.11.275
Authors: Philbrick Rachel 
Published: August 2020

Καλλίμαχος τὸ κάθαρμα, τὸ παίγνιον, ὁ ξύλινος νοῦς,αἴτιος ὁ γράψας Αἴτια Καλλίμαχος.Callimachus [means] trash, trifle, wooden mind:the cause is the Callimachus who wroteCauses.This abusive epigram, probably composed in the first centuryc.e.by a certain Apollonius ‘Grammaticus’, has become famous on account of its false attribution to Apollonius of Rhodes and of its consequent identification as ‘evidence’ for the literary feud between Apollonius and Callimachus. Its literary features have attracted less interest. Cameron, for one, dismissed it, finding ‘no coherent literary thrust to the polemic’. I argue here that this epigram in fact shows close engagement with the poetics of Callimachus and his language of literary self-definition. As we find in other anti-Callimachean epigrams, the author ofAnth. Pal.11.275 crafts his insults by appropriating and transforming several Callimachean terms of literary-aesthetic value, which he then directs back against their creator.
Methodology for experimental and observational animal studies in cow-calf contact systems
Authors: de Oliveira Daiana , Barth Kerstin , Haskell Marie J. , Hillmann Edna , Jensen Margit Bak , Johnsen Julie Føske , Mejdell Cecilie , Waiblinger Susanne , Ferneborg Sabine 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this Research Reflection we describe a common standpoint on suitable methodology for controlled and observational studies in cow-calf contact systems in dairy production. Different methods to assess behaviour, health and production in cow-calf contact systems are outlined. Knowledge and experience from researchers working in this field supplement scientific literature whenever relevant. Specific methods including study design, early behaviour of cow and calf, social behaviour relevant to cow-calf contact systems, human-animal relationships and aspects related to management (milking, weaning and separation, health) are reviewed, and recommendations formed. We expect that this paper can contribute to a better understanding of the complexity of cow-calf contact systems and help to advance research in this area of dairy production.