bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with sexual and reproductive health behaviour of street-involved young people: findings from a baseline survey in southwest Nigeria
Authors: Olaleye Atinuke O , Obiyan Mary O. , Folayan Morenike O. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: To achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 3, which is to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all persons of all ages, street-involved young people (SIYP) must be assured of universal access to sexual and reproductive healthcare. This study aims to determine the factors associated with age- and sex-specific differences in the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) behaviour of SIYP in southwest Nigeria.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that recruited 1505 SIYP aged 10-24 years by use of respondent-driven and time-location sampling. Data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires on socioeconomic characteristics; access to SRH information; contraceptive knowledge and use; sexual behavior; and sexual practice. The outcome variables were inconsistent condom use, multiple sexual partners, and transactional sex. Binomial regression analysis models were developed to determine risk indicators for outcome variables. Results: Although 968 (64.3%) participants were sexually active and 1089 (72.4%) knew about modern contraception, only 300 (31.0%) sexually active respondents used modern contraceptives. Knowledge of modern contraception (AOR: 0.11; 95% C.I: 0.01-0.82, p=0.03) and being employed (AOR: 0.38; 95% C.I: 0.15-0.95, p=0.04) reduced the odds for inconsistent condom use among male SIYPs. For female SIYPs, knowledge of modern contraception reduced the odds for inconsistent condom use (AOR: 0.26; 95% C.I: 0.08-0.90, p=0.03), whereas access to SRH information significantly increased the odds for inconsistent condom use (AOR: 5.06; 95% C.I: 1.67-15.37, p=0.004). Conclusion: Age- and sex- related factors associated with risky sexual behaviors vary among SIYP. Addressing these differences in the delivery of targeted interventions to reduce sexual health risk of SIYP may be required.
Direct oligonucleotide sequencing with nanopores
Authors: Chalapati Sachin , Crosbie Conor , Limbachiya Dixita , Pinnamaneni Nimesh Chandra 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Third-generation DNA sequencing has enabled users to sequence long, unamplified DNA fragments with minimal sample and library preparation steps. Sequencing single-stranded nucleic acids directly without amplification or by ligating a spacer strand are challenging, as the single-strand species are poor templates to add the sequencing adapters. Sequencing ssDNA or RNA directly gives valuable insights like base-level modifications and degradation levels along with saving valuable time and resources. Biological nanopores used by Oxford Nanopore Technologies process the target strands at a single-strand level, although the typical samples sequenced are double-stranded or converted into double-strand. We have identified that the MinION platform from Oxford Nanopore can perform sequencing of short, single-strand oligonucleotides directly without amplification or second-strand synthesis by performing an annealing step before library preparation. Short 5’ phosphorylated oligos when annealed to an adapter sequence can be directly sequenced in the 5' to 3' direction via nanopores, the adapters were designed to bind to the 5’ end of the oligos and leave a 3’ adenosine overhang after binding to their target. The 3’ adenosine overhang of the adapter and the terminal phosphate makes the 5’ end of the oligo to be analogous to an end-prepared dsDNA, rendering it compatible with ligation-based library preparation for sequencing. An oligo-pool containing 42,000 orthogonal sequences of 120 bp length were sequenced using the method and 37,265 of the total sequences were recovered with high accuracy. While analyzing the raw data, we had interesting observations. In our raw data, we have identified that empty signals can be wrongly identified as a valid read by the MinION platform and sometimes multiple signals containing several strands can be fused into a single read by the platforms segmentation faults. We believe that this method could enable novel applications of nanopore sequencing in DNA data-storage systems where short oligonucleotides function as the primary information carriers.
Normative Values For Circulating Intestinal Fatty Acid Binding Protein And Calprotectin Across Gestational Ages
Authors: Shores Darla , Fundora Jennifer , Go Mitzi , Shakeel Fauzia , Brooks Sandra , Alaish Samuel M. , Yang Jun , Sodhi Chhinder P. , Hackam David J. , Everett Allen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Serum biomarkers to aid diagnosis, such as intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFABP) and calprotectin, are actively being investigated; however, the normative values of these markers among healthy premature and term infants remains unknown.Aims: We sought to identify normative values for the serum concentrations of IFABP and calprotectin across gestational (GA) and post-menstrual age.Methods: We collected serum from infants (24-40 weeks GA) in the first week of life and at multiple time points in a sub-cohort of premature infants (24-29 weeks GA), excluding sepsis or known intestinal disease. IFABP and calprotectin were measured using ELISA. Groups were compared with descriptive statistics and mixed effects linear regression.Results: 112 infants had specimens in the first week of life, and 19 premature infants had longitudinal specimens. IFABP concentration in the first week of life was low and did not differ across gestational ages. Longitudinally, IFABP increased 4% per day (P<0.001). Calprotectin concentration in the first week of life was more variable. An inverse relationship between day of life and calprotectin level was found in the longitudinal cohort (P <0.001).Conclusions: Serum IFABP and calprotectin fluctuate over time. Infants had low levels of IFABP during the first week of life, independent of gestational age, and levels increased longitudinally in premature infants. Calprotectin levels generally declined over time. Normative data for infants is necessary to establish meaningful cut-off levels for clinical use.
Use of static and dynamic 18F-FDopa PET parameters for detecting patients with glioma recurrence or progression
Authors: Zaragori Timothée , Ginet Merwan , Marie Pierre-Yves , Roch Veronique , Grignon Rachel , Gauchotte Guillaume , Rech Fabien , Blonski Marie , Lamiral Zohra , Taillandier Luc , Imbert Laetitia , Verger Antoine 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Static 18 F-FDopa PET images are currently used for identifying patients with glioma recurrence/progression after treatment, although the additional diagnostic value of dynamic parameters remains unknown in this setting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performances of static and dynamic 18 F-FDopa PET parameters for detecting patients with glioma recurrence/progression as well as assess further relationships with patient outcome. Methods: Fifty-one consecutive patients who underwent an 18 F-FDopa PET for a suspected glioma recurrence/progression at post-resection MRI, were retrospectively included. Static parameters, including mean and maximum tumor-to-normal-brain (TBR) ratios, tumor-to-striatum (TSR) ratios and metabolic tumor volume (MTV), as well as dynamic parameters with time-to-peak (TTP) values and curve slope, were tested for predicting: 1) glioma recurrence/progression at 6-months after the PET exam and 2) survival on longer follow-up. Results: All static parameters were significant predictors of glioma recurrence/progression (accuracy≥94%) with all parameters also associated with mean progression-free survival (PFS) in the overall population (all p<0.001, 29.7 vs. 0.4 months for TBR max , TSR max and MTV). The curve slope was the sole dynamic PET predictor of glioma recurrence/progression (accuracy=76.5%) and was also associated with mean PFS (p<0.001, 18.0 vs. 0.4 months). However, no additional information was provided relative to static parameters in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Although patients with glioma recurrence/progression can be detected by both static and dynamic 18 F-FDopa PET parameters, most of this diagnostic information can be achieved by conventional static parameters. Further studies are warranted to investigate the relevance of such 18 F-FDopa kinetics in populations involving only high-grade gliomas.
Pioglitazone for primary stroke prevention in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors: A retrospective study
Authors: Hung Yi-Chih , Chiu Lu-Ting , Huang Hung-Yu , Bau Da-Tian 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Studies assessing the efficacy of pioglitazone solely for primary stroke prevention in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and present multiple cardiovascular (CV) risk factors are rare. Thus, we aimed to assess the effect of pioglitazone on primary stroke prevention in Asian patients with type 2 DM without established CV diseases but with risk factors for CV diseases. Methods: Between 2000 and 2012, we enrolled patients aged ≥18 years, who were newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and had at least one of the following CV risk factors: hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Patients with a history of stroke and those using insulin or glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist for more than 3 months were excluded. Patients were divided into the pioglitazone and non-pioglitazone groups based on their receipt of pioglitazone during the follow-up period. Propensity-score matching (1:1) was used to balance the distribution of the baseline characteristics and medications. Follow-up was terminated upon ischemic stroke development, withdrawal from the insurance system, or on December 31, 2013, whichever occurred first. The overall incidence of new-onset ischemic stroke in the two groups was subsequently compared. The subgroup analyses of ischemic stroke were conducted using different baseline features. Additionally, the effect of pioglitazone exposure dose on the occurrence of ischemic stroke was evaluated. Chi-square test, Student’s t-test, competing risk regression models, Kaplan–Meier method, and log-rank test were some of the statistical tests conducted.Results: A total of 13 078 patients were included in the pioglitazone and non-pioglitazone groups. Compared with patients who did not receive pioglitazone, those administered pioglitazone had a lower risk of developing ischemic stroke (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.78; 95% confidence interval: 0.62–0.95). The subgroup analyses defined by different baseline features did not reveal significant alterations in the observed effect of pioglitazone. Moreover, a significant decreasing trend in ischemic stroke risk with an increase in pioglitazone dose (p-value for trend = 0.04) was observed.Conclusion: Pioglitazone use decreased the risk of new-onset ischemic stroke in Asian patients with type 2 DM and CV risk factors.Trial registration number: CMUH104-REC2-115-CR4
Detection of Gastrointestinal Parasitism at Recreational Canine Sites in the United States (the DOGPARCS study)
Authors: Stafford Kristina , Kollasch Todd M , Duncan Kathryn T , Horr Stephanie , Goddu Troy , Heinz-Loomer Christine , Rumschlag Anthony J , Ryan William G , Sweet Sarah , Little Susan E 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background The rapid growth in off-leash dog parks provides opportunity for canine socialization activities but carries risk of exposure to intestinal parasites. This study assessed the prevalence of these infections in dogs visiting off-leash dog parks.Methods Fresh defecations were collected from dogs visiting parks in 30 metropolitan areas across the United States. Samples were analyzed by coproantigen immunoassay (CAI) (FecalDx ® and Giardia Test, IDEXX Laboratories, Inc) and zinc sulfate centrifugal flotation (CF). Owners responded to a questionnaire on their dog’s signalment and use of heartworm/intestinal parasite control medications (HWCM).Results Samples were examined from 3,006 dogs, 87.9% aged at least 12 months, visiting 288 parks. At least one intestinal parasite was detected in 622 (20.7%) samples, nematodes in 263 (8.8%), with hookworm, whipworm, and ascarids in 7.1, 1.9, and 0.6% of samples, respectively. A sample positive for one or more intestinal parasites was found in 245 (85.1%) parks, with nematodes found in 143 (49.7%). Combined, CAI and CF detected 78.4% more intestinal nematode infections than CF alone. Hookworm and whipworm were detected in all age groups, but ascarids were only detected in dogs less than 4 years. Approximately 42% of dogs aged less than 1 year were positive for nematodes or Giardia . Based on owner reports, HWCM was current for 68.8% of dogs, dogs previously diagnosed with intestinal parasitism were more likely to be receiving a HWCM than those without such history, and a significantly lower ( P = 0.0003) proportion of dogs receiving a HWCM were positive for intestinal nematodes compared with those not on such medication.Conclusion Intestinal parasites, the most common of which were Giardia , Ancylostoma caninum and Trichuris vulpis , were found in 20% of dogs and 85% of dog parks across the United States. Enhanced detection of canine intestinal parasitism was achieved by combining CF and CAI. Canine intestinal parasites are common across the United States, and dog health can be improved by regular testing of fecal samples and routine administration of medications effective against the most common infections.
The efficacy of different treatment approaches for pediatric OSAHS patients with mandibular rethognathia: a study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Wu Jiali , Guo Jinghan , Yu Liming , Wang Jing , Li Xiaoyan , Xu Shuhua , Zhu Min , Feng Jinqiu , Liu Yuehua 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a multifactorial syndrome caused by many risk factors, such as craniofacial anomalies, adenotonsillar hypertrophy, obesity and airway inﬂammation. Although new treatment patterns have recently been proposed, treatment methods for children remain particularly challenging and controversial. This randomized controlled trial was designed to investigate the efficacy of adenotonsillectomy and/or orthodontic treatment for mild OSAHS children with mandibular rethognathia.Methods: A sample of 352 children with mild OSAHS and mandibular rethognathia, aged between 7 and 10 years, will be enrolled in the study. They will be randomized into four groups – the drug treatment group, the surgical treatment group,the orthodontic treatment group, or the surgery and postoperative orthodontic group. After randomization they will receive treatments within 4 weeks. Outcome assessment will take place at the following points: (1)baseline, (2) 7 months after the treatment starting point, (3) 12 months after the treatment starting point, and (3) 24 months after the treatment starting point. The primary endpoint of the trial is the mean change of obstructive apnea/hypopnea index. Other endpoints will consist of the lowest oxygen saturation, apnea index, and hypopnea index assessed by polysomnogram, subjective symptoms (assessed by the OSA-20 questionnaire), cephalometric measurements and morphologic analysis of the upper airway.Discussion: The results of this study will provide valuable evidence for the merits and long-term efficacy of different treatment approaches and contribute to facilitating the multidisciplinary treatment of pediatric OSAHS.Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, ID: NCT03451318. Registered on 2 March 2018 (last update posted 19 April 2018).
Real-time surveillance of surgical margins via ICG-based near-infrared fluorescence imaging in patients with OSCC
Authors: Pan Jiongru , Deng Han , Hu Shiqi , Xia Chengwan , Chen Yongfeng , Wang Jianquan , Wang Yuxin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Local recurrence is the main cause of death among patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study assessed near-infrared fluorescence (NIF) imaging and spectroscopy to monitor surgical margins intraoperatively for OSCC. Methods Cytological and animal experiments were first performed to confirm the feasibility of monitoring surgical margins with NIF imaging and spectroscopy. Then, 20 patients with OSCC were included in the clinical trials. At 6–8 hours after 0.75 mg/kg indocyanine green (ICG) injection, all patients underwent surgery with NIF imaging. During the surgery, both NIF images and quantified fluorescence intensity were acquired to monitor the surgical margins. Results In cytological and animal experiments, the results showed it was feasible to monitor surgical margins with NIF imaging and spectroscopy. Fluorescence was detected in primary tumors in all patients. The fluorescence intensities of the tumor, peritumoral, and normal tissues were 398.863±151.47, 278.52±84.89, and 274.5±100.93 arbitrary units (AUs), respectively (P<0.05). The SBR of tumor to peritumoral tissue and normal tissues was computed to be 1.45±0.36 and 1.56±0.41 respectively. After primary tumor excision, the wounds showed abnormal fluorescence in four patients (4/20), and residual cancer cells were confirmed by pathological examination in two patients (2/20). Conclusion These findings confirmed the complementary value of NIF imaging during radical tumor resection of OSCC. Before tumor resection, we could utilize the fluorescence margin produced by ICG NIF imaging to determine the surgical margin. Moreover, after tumor blocks were removed, the status of surgical margin could also be evaluated rapidly by ICG NIF imaging of tumor bed and in vitro specimens.
Is fibroid location associated with hemorrhage and complication rates following laparoscopic myomectomy?
Authors: Aslan Kiper , Orhan Adnan , Turkgeldi Engin , Suer Ebru , Duzok Nergis , Ozerkan Kemal , Ata Baris , Uncu Gurkan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective To determine whether hemorrhage and complication rates vary according to location of the dominant fibroid following laparoscopic myomectomy. Background Laparoscopic myomectomy is associated with less postoperative pain, analgesic requirement, shorter hospitalization period, and less febrile complications when compared to conventional laparotomy. Despite the advantages, complications like hemorrhage, blood transfusion, bowel and urinary tract injury and conversion to laparotomy may be seen in laparoscopic myomectomy. We don’t know whether fibroid location effect these complications. Materials & Methods Women, who underwent laparoscopic myomectomy at two different tertiary academic hospitals, were analyzed retrospectively. Only women with at least one intramural fibroid (Monroe type 3, 4 or 5) were included. Patients were categorized according to localization of the dominant fibroid, i.e. anterior uterine wall, posterior uterine wall, and fundus. Change in hemoglobin levels before and after surgery, and complication rates were compared across categories. Results 219 women with mean age of 35.7 +/-6 years were included. There were 81 women with fundal fibroid, 56 with anterior wall, and 72 with posterior wall fibroid. Other 10 women with intraligamentary and isthmic fibroid were excluded. The mean fibroid diameter was 6.7 ± 2.6, 6.6 ± 2.3, and 6.7 ± 2.3 cm in the fundal, anterior and posterior groups, respectively (p=0.9). The median (25 th – 75 th percentile) changes in hemoglobin levels were 1.5 (0.8 – 2.2), 1.3 (0.6 – 2.1), and 1.3 (0.9 – 2) g/dl in fundal, anterior and posterior wall groups, respectively (p = 0.55). There were 5 (6.2%), 5 (8.9%), and 2 (2.8%) complications in fundal, anterior, and posterior wall groups, respectively (p = 0.33). Conclusion Incidence of hemorrhage or complication does not seem to vary depending on fibroid location. However, the sample size was limited, the observed values suggest that fibroid location does not affect hemorrhage and complication rates.
Cepharanthine and Curcumin inhibited mitochondrial apoptosis induced by PCV2
Authors: Xu Yinlan , Zheng Jiangang , Sun Panpan , Guo Jianhua , Zheng Xiaozhong , Sun Yaogui , Fan Kuohai , Yin Wei , Li Hongquan , Sun Na 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an immunosuppressive pathogen with high prevalence rate in pig farms. It has caused serious economic losses to the global pig industry. Due to the rapid variation of PCV2 strain, short vaccine protection period and poor cross-protection effect, etc. It is necessary to screen and develop effective new compounds and explore their anti-PCV2 mechanism. The 13 natural compounds were purchased, with a clear plant origin, chemical structure and content and specific biological activities.
Methods
The maximum no-cytotoxic concentration (MNTC) and 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) for 13 tested compounds were determined by the cytopathologic effect (CPE) assay and (3-(4,5-dimethyithiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method in PK-15 cells, respectively, qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the anti-PCV2 effect of compounds. Western blot method, AnnexinV-FITC /PI, JC-1, and ROS Kits were respectively used to detect the anti-PCV2 induced apoptosis mechanism of Cepharanthine and Curcumin. In this study, Ribavirin was used as the positive control.
Results
MNTC and CC50 of 13 compounds were obtained. Compared with the PCV2 infected group, the expression of Cap treated with Paeonol (0.4 mg/mL and 0.2 mg/mL), Cepharanthine (0.003 mg/mL, 0.0015 mg/mL and 0.00075 mg/mL) and Curcumin (0.02 mg/mL, 0.001 mg/mL and 0.005 mg/mL) were significantly lower in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of Cleaved-caspase3 and Bax were up-regulated in the treated with Cepharanthine or Curcumin, while the expression of Bcl-2 was down-regulated, ROS value and MMP value were decreased to different degrees and the apoptosis rate was reduced.
Conclusion
Paeonol, Cepharanthine and Curcumin have significant antiviral effect. And the PCV2-induced Mitochondrial apoptosis was mainly remitted by Cepharanthine and Curcumin.