bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognosis of segmentectomy and lobectomy for radiologically aggressive small-sized lung cancer
Authors: Kamigaichi Atsushi , Tsutani Yasuhiro , Mimae Takahiro , Miyata Yoshihiro , Ito Hiroyuki , Nakayama Haruhiko , Ikeda Norihiko , Okada Morihito 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

The purpose of this study was to determine the radiological characteristics of aggressive small-sized lung cancer and to compare the outcomes between segmentectomy and lobectomy in patients with these lung cancers.

METHODS
A series of 1046 patients with clinical stage IA1–IA2 lung cancer who underwent lobectomy or segmentectomy at 3 institutions was retrospectively evaluated to identify radiologically aggressive small-sized (solid tumour size ≤ 2 cm) lung cancers. Prognosis of segmentectomy was compared with that of lobectomy in 522 patients with radiologically aggressive small-sized lung cancer using propensity score matching.

RESULTS
Multivariable analysis showed that increasing consolidation-to-tumour ratio on preoperative high-resolution computed tomography (CT) (P = 0.037) and maximum standardized uptake on 18 fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT (P = 0.029) was independently associated with worse recurrence-free survival. Based on analysis of the receiver operating characteristic curve, radiologically aggressive lung cancer was defined as a radiologically solid (consolidation-to-tumour ratio ≥ 0.8) or highly metabolic (maximum standardized uptake ≥ 2.5) tumour. Among patients with radiologically aggressive lung cancer, no significant statistical differences in 5-year recurrence-free (81% vs 90%; P = 0.33) and overall (88% vs 93%; P = 0.76) survival comparing lobectomy (n = 392) to segmentectomy (n = 130) were observed. Among 115 propensity-matched pairs, 5-year recurrence-free survival and overall survival were similar between patients who underwent lobectomy and those who underwent segmentectomy (83.3% and 88.3% vs 90.9% and 94.5%, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS
Difference in survival was not identified with segmentectomy and lobectomy in patients with radiologically aggressive small-sized lung cancer with high risk of recurrence.
An EAPCI Expert Consensus Document on Ischaemia with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries in Collaboration with European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Coronary Pathophysiology & Microcirculation Endorsed by Coronary Vasomotor Disorders International Study Group
Authors: Kunadian Vijay , Chieffo Alaide , Camici Paolo G , Berry Colin , Escaned Javier , Maas Angela H E M , Prescott Eva , Karam Nicole , Appelman Yolande , Fraccaro Chiara , Louise Buchanan Gill , Manzo-Silberman Stephane , Al-Lamee Rasha , Regar Evelyn , Lansky Alexandra , Abbott J Dawn , Badimon Lina , Duncker Dirk J , Mehran Roxana , Capodanno Davide , Baumbach Andreas 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This consensus document, a summary of the views of an expert panel organized by the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI), appraises the importance of ischaemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA). Angina pectoris affects approximately 112 million people globally. Up to 70% of patients undergoing invasive angiography do not have obstructive coronary artery disease, more common in women than in men, and a large proportion have INOCA as a cause of their symptoms. INOCA patients present with a wide spectrum of symptoms and signs that are often misdiagnosed as non-cardiac leading to under-diagnosis/investigation and under-treatment. INOCA can result from heterogeneous mechanism including coronary vasospasm and microvascular dysfunction and is not a benign condition. Compared to asymptomatic individuals, INOCA is associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular events, repeated hospital admissions, as well as impaired quality of life and associated increased health care costs. This consensus document provides a definition of INOCA and guidance to the community on the diagnostic approach and management of INOCA based on existing evidence from research and best available clinical practice; noting gaps in knowledge and potential areas for further investigation.
Digital rock physics in four dimensions: simulating cementation and its effect on seismic velocity
Authors: Singh J , Cilli P A , Hosa A , Main I G 
Published: June 2020

SUMMARYPorosity exerts a strong control on the mechanical and hydraulic properties of rocks, but can often only be imaged indirectly from the surface using geophysical measurements, such as seismic velocity. Understanding and quantifying the relationship between seismic velocity and porosity is therefore a fundamental goal of many rock physics models. Simulating the geological processes that control porosity to generate digital rocks, and numerically modelling wave propagation to estimate their elastic properties, allows for flexible and rapid calibration of velocity–porosity trends. Here, the initial deposition of two digital carbonate sediments are simulated: grainstone (near spherical grains) and coquina (anisotropic shell fragments). The gradual precipitation of cement is then simulated, resulting in a suite of 3-D volumes of varying porosity with otherwise constant and known mineral and grain phases. These models are then used as input to a 3-D acoustic staggered-grid finite difference simulation of wavefield propagation, from which we estimate bulk seismic velocity and calculate the estimated bulk modulus. The resulting bulk modulus varies systematically with respect to porosity within the physical limits imposed by the Hashin–Shtrikman bounds. The samples exhibit anisotropy in the measured velocity consistent with structural anisotropy due to the settling of elongate grains under gravity. We use the resulting bulk velocity–porosity trends to test competing rock physics models, including one that accounts for varying effective pore-aspect ratio with porosity. The results validate the hypothesis that there is a power-law relationship between effective pore aspect ratio and porosity. This relationship is consistent with similar results obtained from a suite of natural carbonate grainstones examined in the laboratory. The results show the optimal rock physics model to be relatively insensitive to the degree of anisotropy in the fabric of the starting material, and may now be used with more confidence to link observed changes in effective pore aspect ratio to changes in porosity due to a range of geological processes, for example fracturing, dissolution and compaction, where other process-based models are available.
Squirt-flow seismic dispersion models: a comparison
Authors: Sun Yongyang , Carcione José M , Gurevich Boris 
Published: June 2020

SUMMARY
The anelastic properties of porous rocks depend on the pore characteristics, specifically, the pore aspect ratio and the pore fraction (related to the soft porosity). At high frequencies, there is no fluid pressure communication throughout the pore space and the rock becomes stiffer than at low frequencies, where the pore pressure is fully equilibrated. This causes a significant difference between the moduli at low and high frequencies, which is known as seismic dispersion and is commonly explained by the squirt-flow mechanism. In this paper, we consider and contrast three squirt-flow dispersion models: the modified Mavko–Jizba model, valid for a porous medium with arbitrary shapes of the pores and cracks, and two other models, based on idealized geometries of spheres and ellipsoids: the EIAS (equivalent inclusion-average stress) and CPEM (cracks and pores effective medium) models. We first perform analytical comparisons and then compute several numerical examples to demonstrate similarities and differences between the models. The analytical comparison shows that when the stiff pores are spherical and the crack density is small, the theoretical predictions of the three models are very close to each other. However, when the stiff pores are spheroids with an aspect ratio smaller than 1 (say, between 0.2 and 1), the predictions of inclusion based models are not valid at frequencies of ultrasonic measurements on rock samples. In contrast, the predictions of the modified Mavko–Jizba model are valid at ultrasonic frequencies of about 106 Hz, which is a typical frequency of laboratory measurements on core samples. We also introduce Zener-based bulk and shear dispersion indices, which are proportional to the difference between the high- and low-frequency stiffness moduli, and are a measure of the degree of anelasticity, closely related to the quality factors by view of the Kramers–Kronig relations. The results show that the three models yield similar moduli dispersion with very small differences when the crack density is relatively high. The indices versus crack density can be viewed as a template to obtain the crack properties from low- and high-frequency velocity measurements.
Siglec-15 recognition of sialoglycans on tumor cell lines can occur independently of sialyl Tn antigen expression
Authors: Murugesan Gavuthami , Correia Viviana G , Palma Angelina S , Chai Wengang , Li Chunxia , Feizi Ten , Martin Eva , Laux Brigitte , Franz Alexandra , Fuchs Klaus , Weigle Bernd , Crocker Paul R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Siglec-15 is a conserved sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin expressed on osteoclast progenitors, which plays an important role in osteoclast development and function. It is also expressed by tumor-associated macrophages and by some tumors, where it is thought to contribute to the immunosuppressive microenvironment. It was shown previously that engagement of macrophage-expressed Siglec-15 with tumor cells expressing its ligand, sialyl Tn (sTn), triggered production of TGF-β. In the present study, we have further investigated the interaction between Siglec-15 and sTn on tumor cells and its functional consequences. Based on binding assays with lung and breast cancer cell lines and glycan-modified cells, we failed to see evidence for recognition of sTn by Siglec-15. However, using a microarray of diverse, structurally defined glycans, we show that Siglec-15 binds with higher avidity to sialylated glycans other than sTn or related antigen sequences. In addition, we were unable to demonstrate enhanced TGF-β secretion following co-culture of Siglec-15-expressing monocytic cell lines with tumor cells expressing sTn or following Siglec-15 cross-linking with monoclonal antibodies. However, we did observe activation of the SYK/MAPK signaling pathway following antibody cross-linking of Siglec-15 that may modulate the functional activity of macrophages.
Host glycan utilization within the Bacteroidetes Sus-like paradigm
Authors: Brown Haley A , Koropatkin Nicole M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Bacteroidetes are numerically abundant Gram-negative organisms of the distal human gut with a greatly expanded capacity to degrade complex glycans. A subset of these are adept at scavenging host glycans within this environment, including mucin O-linked glycans, N-linked glycoproteins and highly sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) such as heparin (Hep) and chondroitin sulfate (CS). Several recent biochemical studies have revealed the specific polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) within the model symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron for the deconstruction of these host glycans. Here we discuss the Sus-like paradigm that defines glycan uptake by the Bacteroidetes and the salient details of the PULs that target heparin/heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate (DS)/hyaluronic acid (HA), respectively, in B. thetaiotaomicron. The ability of the Bacteroidetes to target highly sulfated host glycans is key to their success in the gut environment but can lead to inflammation in susceptible hosts. Therefore, our continued understanding of the molecular strategies employed by these bacteria to scavenge carbohydrate nutrition is likely to lead to novel ways to alter their metabolism to promote host health.
Effect of TQM educational interventions on the management policy standard of health promoting hospitals
Authors: Hamidi Yadollah , Moghadam Seyedeh Melika Kharghani , Hazavehei Seyed Mohammad Mahdi , Karimi-Shahanjarini Akram , Seif Rabiei Mohammad Ali , Farhadian Maryam , Alimohammadi Shohreh 
Published: June 2020

Summary
The purpose of this study was to manage total quality management (TQM) to increase the standard of management policy and contribute to achieve the standards for health promotion hospitals (HPHs). This was a quasi-experimental intervention study. A total of 35 managers participated in this study were selected in the census. Based on the TQM components, educational items were provided as lectures, posters and pamphlets. The TQM questionnaire and HPHs checklist used to collect data in three different periods: before the interventions, immediately after the interventions and 3 months after the interventions (follow-up). The data analysis was done by means of SPSS software (version 23). The results showed that the average difference of the components of the qualitative groups (p &lt; 0.001), education (p = 0.004), evaluation and feedback (p &lt; 0.001), customer-orientation (p &lt; 0.001), suggestion system (p = 0.024), leadership commitment (p &lt; 0.001) was significant over the three periods. Excluding the employment status before the educational intervention (p = 0.002), there was no significant relationship between the demographic characteristics and mean score of TQM (p &gt; 0.05). Based on the findings of this study, the educational interventions had a positive effect on quality management and management policy. Therefore, educational interventions should be accompanied by changes in the culture and management policies of the hospital to meet HPH standards.
Correction of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis related phenotypes in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neurons carrying a hexanucleotide expansion mutation in C9orf72 by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing using homology-directed repair
Authors: Ababneh Nidaa A , Scaber Jakub , Flynn Rowan , Douglas Andrew , Barbagallo Paola , Candalija Ana , Turner Martin R , Sims David , Dafinca Ruxandra , Cowley Sally A , Talbot Kevin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe G4C2 hexanucleotide repeat expansion (HRE) in C9orf72 is the commonest cause of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). A number of different methods have been used to generate isogenic control lines using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 and non-homologous end-joining by deleting the repeat region, with the risk of creating indels and genomic instability. In this study, we demonstrate complete correction of an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line derived from a C9orf72-HRE positive ALS/frontotemporal dementia patient using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing and homology-directed repair (HDR), resulting in replacement of the excised region with a donor template carrying the wild-type repeat size to maintain the genetic architecture of the locus. The isogenic correction of the C9orf72 HRE restored normal gene expression and methylation at the C9orf72 locus, reduced intron retention in the edited lines and abolished pathological phenotypes associated with the C9orf72 HRE expansion in iPSC-derived motor neurons (iPSMNs). RNA sequencing of the mutant line identified 2220 differentially expressed genes compared with its isogenic control. Enrichment analysis demonstrated an over-representation of ALS relevant pathways, including calcium ion dependent exocytosis, synaptic transport and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes ALS pathway, as well as new targets of potential relevance to ALS pathophysiology. Complete correction of the C9orf72 HRE in iPSMNs by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated HDR provides an ideal model to study the earliest effects of the hexanucleotide expansion on cellular homeostasis and the key pathways implicated in ALS pathophysiology.
A global Slc7a7 knockout mouse model demonstrates characteristic phenotypes of human lysinuric protein intolerance
Authors: Stroup Bridget M , Marom Ronit , Li Xiaohui , Hsu Chih-Wei , Chang Cheng-Yen , Truong Luan D , Dawson Brian , Grafe Ingo , Chen Yuqing , Jiang Ming-Ming , Lanza Denise , Green Jennie Rose , Sun Qin , Barrish J P , Ani Safa , Christiansen Audrey E , Seavitt John R , Dickinson Mary E , Kheradmand Farrah , Heaney Jason D , Lee Brendan , Burrage Lindsay C 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLysinuric protein intolerance (LPI) is an inborn error of cationic amino acid (arginine, lysine, ornithine) transport caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in SLC7A7, which encodes the light subunit of the y+LAT1 transporter. Treatments for the complications of LPI, including growth failure, renal disease, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, autoimmune disorders and osteoporosis, are limited. Given the early lethality of the only published global Slc7a7 knockout mouse model, a viable animal model to investigate global SLC7A7 deficiency is needed. Hence, we generated two mouse models with global Slc7a7 deficiency (Slc7a7em1Lbu/em1Lbu; Slc7a7Lbu/Lbu and Slc7a7em1(IMPC)Bay/em1(IMPC)Bay; Slc7a7Bay/Bay) using CRISPR/Cas9 technology by introducing a deletion of exons 3 and 4. Perinatal lethality was observed in Slc7a7Lbu/Lbu and Slc7a7Bay/Bay mice on the C57BL/6 and C57BL/6NJ inbred genetic backgrounds, respectively. We noted improved survival of Slc7a7Lbu/Lbu mice on the 129 Sv/Ev × C57BL/6 F2 background, but postnatal growth failure occurred. Consistent with human LPI, these Slc7a7Lbu/Lbu mice exhibited reduced plasma and increased urinary concentrations of the cationic amino acids. Histopathological assessment revealed loss of brush border and lipid vacuolation in the renal cortex of Slc7a7Lbu/Lbu mice, which combined with aminoaciduria suggests proximal tubular dysfunction. Micro-computed tomography of L4 vertebrae and skeletal radiographs showed delayed skeletal development and suggested decreased mineralization in Slc7a7Lbu/Lbu mice, respectively. In addition to delayed skeletal development and delayed development in the kidneys, the lungs and liver were observed based on histopathological assessment. Overall, our Slc7a7Lbu/Lbu mouse model on the F2 mixed background recapitulates multiple human LPI phenotypes and may be useful for future studies of LPI pathology.
Biallelic variants in the RNA exosome gene EXOSC5 are associated with developmental delays, short stature, cerebellar hypoplasia and motor weakness
Authors: Slavotinek Anne , Misceo Doriana , Htun Stephanie , Mathisen Linda , Frengen Eirik , Foreman Michelle , Hurtig Jennifer E , Enyenihi Liz , Sterrett Maria C , Leung Sara W , Schneidman-Duhovny Dina , Estrada-Veras Juvianee , Duncan Jacque L , Haaxma Charlotte A , Kamsteeg Erik-Jan , Xia Vivian , Beleford Daniah , Si Yue , Douglas Ganka , Treidene Hans Einar , van Hoof Ambro , Fasken Milo B , Corbett Anita H 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe RNA exosome is an essential ribonuclease complex required for processing and/or degradation of both coding and non-coding RNAs. We identified five patients with biallelic variants in EXOSC5, which encodes a structural subunit of the RNA exosome. The clinical features of these patients include failure to thrive, short stature, feeding difficulties, developmental delays that affect motor skills, hypotonia and esotropia. Brain MRI revealed cerebellar hypoplasia and ventriculomegaly. While we ascertained five patients, three patients with distinct variants of EXOSC5 were studied in detail. The first patient had a deletion involving exons 5–6 of EXOSC5 and a missense variant, p.Thr114Ile, that were inherited in trans, the second patient was homozygous for p.Leu206His and the third patient had paternal isodisomy for chromosome 19 and was homozygous for p.Met148Thr. The additional two patients ascertained are siblings who had an early frameshift mutation in EXOSC5 and the p.Thr114Ile missense variant that were inherited in trans. We employed three complementary approaches to explore the requirement for EXOSC5 in brain development and assess consequences of pathogenic EXOSC5 variants. Loss of function for exosc5 in zebrafish results in shortened and curved tails/bodies, reduced eye/head size and edema. We modeled pathogenic EXOSC5 variants in both budding yeast and mammalian cells. Some of these variants cause defects in RNA exosome function as well as altered interactions with other RNA exosome subunits. These findings expand the number of genes encoding RNA exosome subunits linked to human disease while also suggesting that disease mechanism varies depending on the specific pathogenic variant.
Epigenetic Potential in Native and Introduced Populations of House Sparrows (Passer domesticus)
Authors: Hanson Haley E , Koussayer Bilal , Kilvitis Holly J , Schrey Aaron W , Maddox J Dylan , Martin Lynn B 
Published: June 2020

Synopsis
Epigenetic potential, defined as the capacity for epigenetically-mediated phenotypic plasticity, may play an important role during range expansions. During range expansions, populations may encounter relatively novel challenges while experiencing lower genetic diversity. Phenotypic plasticity via epigenetic potential might be selectively advantageous at the time of initial introduction or during spread into new areas, enabling introduced organisms to cope rapidly with novel challenges. Here, we asked whether one form of epigenetic potential (i.e., the abundance of CpG sites) in three microbial surveillance genes: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 1B (TLR1B), 2A (TLR2A), and 4 (TLR4) varied between native and introduced house sparrows (Passer domesticus). Using an opportunistic approach based on samples collected from sparrow populations around the world, we found that introduced birds had more CpG sites in TLR2A and TLR4, but not TLR1B, than native ones. Introduced birds also lost more CpG sites in TLR1B, gained more CpG sites in TLR2A, and lost fewer CpG sites in TLR4 compared to native birds. These results were not driven by differences in genetic diversity or population genetic structure, and many CpG sites fell within predicted transcription factor binding sites (TFBS), with losses and gains of CpG sites altering predicted TFBS. Although we lacked statistical power to conduct the most rigorous possible analyses, these results suggest that epigenetic potential may play a role in house sparrow range expansions, but additional work will be critical to elucidating how epigenetic potential affects gene expression and hence phenotypic plasticity at the individual, population, and species levels.
Straddling the line: high potential impact on vulnerable marine ecosystems by bottom-set longline fishing in unregulated areas beyond national jurisdiction
Authors: Brewin Paul E , Farrugia Thomas J , Jenkins Chris , Brickle Paul 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Impacts of Patagonian toothfish bottom-set longline fishing on vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs) are examined in a licenced fishery and adjacent areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) lacking fishery management. VME taxa distributions were predicted using MaxEnt and compared to fishing footprints of ABNJ and licenced fleets. The ABNJ fishery footprint was almost twice as large as in licenced waters. Whilst the footprint of low fishing effort (0.0–3.4 h km−2) was similar between areas, footprints of medium (3.4–10.2 h km−2) and high (10.2–45.3 h km−2) fishing effort were 4 and 13 times greater, respectively, in ABNJ. Percent overlap of licenced fishing distribution on VME indicator taxa groups was low (6.45–9.82%) compared to the considerably higher (32.62–61.99%) percentage fishing overlap on VME indicator distribution in ABNJ. Our results show that, despite the main area of VME indicator taxa being found within jurisdictional waters, there are important VME habitats on the adjacent high-seas that are potentially highly impacted by unregulated fishing. This raises concerns regarding the potential for ABNJ fisheries to undermine domestic VME management where VMEs straddle managed areas and areas that are inconsistently managed or unmanaged. Management of VMEs would benefit from strengthening regional high-seas fishing governance and monitoring procedures.