bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Tumor Volume Parameters on Prostate Cancer Biopsies
Authors: Verhoef Esther I. , Kweldam Charlotte F. , Kümmerlin Intan P. , Nieboer Daan , Bangma Chris H. , Incrocci Luca , van der Kwast Theodorus H. , Roobol Monique J. , van Leenders Geert J. L. H. 
Published: January 2020

Context.—Prostate biopsy reports require an indication of prostate cancer volume. No consensus exists on the methodology of tumor volume reporting.Objective.—To compare the prognostic value of different biopsy prostate cancer volume parameters.Design.—Prostate biopsies of the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer were reviewed (n = 1031). Tumor volume was quantified in 6 ways: average estimated tumor percentage, measured total tumor length, average calculated tumor percentage, greatest tumor length, greatest tumor percentage, and average tumor percentage of all biopsies. Their prognostic value was determined by using either logistic regression for extraprostatic expansion (EPE) and surgical margin status after radical prostatectomy (RP), or Cox regression for biochemical recurrence-free survival (BCRFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) after RP (n = 406) and radiation therapy (RT) (n = 508).Results.—All tumor volume parameters were significantly mutually correlated (R2 &gt; 0.500, P &lt; .001). None were predictive for EPE, surgical margin, or BCRFS after RP in multivariable analysis, including age, prostate-specific antigen, number of positive biopsies, and grade group. In contrast, all tumor volume parameters were significant predictors for BCRFS (all P &lt; .05) and DSS (all P &lt; .05) after RT, except greatest tumor length. In multivariable analysis including only all tumor volume parameters as covariates, calculated tumor length was the only predictor for EPE after RP (P = .02) and DSS after RT (P = .02).Conclusions.—All tumor volume parameters had comparable prognostic value and could be used in clinical practice. If tumor volume quantification is a threshold for treatment decision, calculated tumor length seems preferential, slightly outperforming the other parameters.
Detection of EGFR T790M Mutation by Droplet Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction in Lung Carcinoma Cytology Samples
Authors: Nizamaddin Shara Kamil , Mehrotra Meenakshi , Nadhim Ari Sami H. , Luthra Rajyalakshmi , Roy-Chowdhuri Sinchita 
Published: January 2020

Context.—Advanced-stage non–small cell lung carcinoma patients on EGFR-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors frequently present with an acquired EGFR T790M resistance mutation. Early detection using a high-sensitivity assay is critical to allow patients to switch to third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The detection of EGFR T790M mutation is often challenging because of low tumor fraction in posttreatment specimens. Because a large fraction of non–small cell lung carcinoma patients are given a diagnosis by cytology, evaluating a high-sensitivity technique for EGFR T790M detection in these specimens is essential.Objective.—To evaluate a high-sensitivity droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) assay for EGFR T790M using different cytologic specimen preparations.Design.—A total of 42 cytology samples, including smears and cell block preparation, were evaluated for EGFR T790M using ddPCR. The results of the mutation assay were compared to the patient's known EGFR T790M mutation status.Results.—The ddPCR assay successfully determined the EGFR T790M mutation status in 36 of 42 samples (86%), including samples with low tumor fraction (≤20%). In 4 cases the results of the ddPCR assay could not be compared because the mutation status was unknown at the time of collection of the cytology sample. There was 1 false-positive result, with borderline positivity, and 1 false-negative result. Overall sensitivity and specificity of the ddPCR assay were 93% and 96%, respectively.Conclusions.—Our results indicate that EGFR T790M ddPCR is a highly sensitive and specific mutational assay that can be used reliably in cytologic specimens, including samples with low tumor fraction.
Pelagic Alphabet: Islands as a Model of the Ocean
Authors: Callejas Luis , Hansson Charlotte 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLCLA office's Pelagic Alphabet – an island microcosm of strange forms and imagined geographies – seeks to use the unique status and special place of the ‘island’ in human culture. Described here by the architecture and landscape studio's partners Luis Callejas and Charlotte Hansson, it is a place of blended imagination, topological exaggeration, boundary and territorial dispute.
No Design on Stolen Land: Dismantling Design's Dehumanising White Supremacy
Authors: Bélanger Pierre 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCapitalism is predicated on property ownership, and particularly land. The US and Canada are premier examples of the appropriation and dispossession of land occupied by Indigenous Peoples. Pierre Bélanger and co‐founders at OPEN SYSTEMS (OPSYS) based in Boston, on traditional lands of the Massachusett Peoples, illustrate tactics of ‘undesign’ adopted in this context.
Mechanotactic Activation of TGF‐β by PEDOT Artificial Microenvironments Triggers Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Dhawan Udesh , Wang Wei‐Li , Gautam Bhaskarchand , Aerathupalathu Janardhanan Jayakrishnan , Hsiao Po‐Chiang , Tu Hsiung‐Lin , Yu Hsiao‐Hua 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEpithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is integral for cells to acquire metastatic properties, and ample evidence links it to bioorganic framework of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Hydroxymethyl‐functionalized 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene polymer (PEDOT‐OH) enables construction of diverse nanotopography size and morphologies and is therefore exploited to engineer organic artificial microenvironments bearing nanodots from 300 to 1000 nm in diameter to understand spatiotemporal EMT regulation by biophysical components of the TME. MCF‐7 breast cancer cells are cultured on these artificial microenvironments, and temporal regulation of cellular morphology and EMT markers is investigated. The results show that upon physical stimulation, cells on 300 nm artificial microenvironments advance to EMT and display a decreased extracellular matrix (ECM) protein secretion. In contrast, cells on 500 nm artificial microenvironments are trapped in EMT‐imbalance. Interestingly, cells on 1000 nm artificial microenvironments resemble those on control surfaces. Upon further investigation, it is found that EMT induction is triggered via transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) and ECM cleaving protein, matrix metalloproteinease‐9. Immunostaining EMT proteins highlighted that EMT induction is achieved through attenuation of cell–cell and cell–microenvironment adhesions. The physical stimulation‐induced TGF‐β perturbation can have a profound impact on the understanding of tumor‐promoting signaling cascades originated by cellular microenvironment.
The Construction and Application of Three‐Dimensional Biomaterials
Authors: Wang Jie , Yu Yunru , Guo Jiahui , Lu Wei , Wei Qiong , Zhao Yuanjin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBiomaterials have been widely explored and applied in many areas, especially in the field of tissue engineering. The interface of biomaterials and cells has been deeply investigated. However, it has been demonstrated that conventional 2D biomaterials fail to maintain the 3D structures and phenotypes of cells, which is the result of their limited ability to mimic the latter's complex extracellular matrix. To overcome this challenge, cell cultivation dependent on 3D biomaterials has emerged as an alternative strategy to make the recovery of 3D structures and functions of cells possible. Thus, with the thriving development of 3D cell culture in tissue engineering, a holistic review of the construction and application of 3D biomaterials is desired. Here, recent developments in 3D biomaterials for tissue engineering are reviewed. An overview of various approaches to construct 3D biomaterials, such as electro‐jetting/‐spinning, micro‐molding, microfluidics, and 3D bio‐printing, is first presented. Their typical applications in constructing cell sheets, vascular structures, cell spheroids, and macroscopic cellular constructs are described as well. Following these two sections, the current status and challenges are analyzed, as well as the future outlook of 3D biomaterials for tissue engineering.
Simplified All‐Solid‐State WO3 Based Electrochromic Devices on Single Substrate: Toward Large Area, Low Voltage, High Contrast, and Fast Switching Dynamics
Authors: Cossari Pierluigi , Pugliese Marco , Simari Cataldo , Mezzi Alessio , Maiorano Vincenzo , Nicotera Isabella , Gigli Giuseppe 
Published: January 2020

AbstractElectrochromic devices (ECDs) represent one of the most promising energy saving and solar control technology for the market of energy‐efficient building and optoelectronic devices. A continuous and intense effort is currently devoted to the development of effective solid‐state ECDs and their integration in multifunctional systems, such as photoelectrochromics. Here, the fabrication of simplified all‐solid‐state WO3 based ECDs on single‐substrate is reported, demonstrating how the rational design of highly interconnected WO3 columnar nanostructures with Nafion polymer matrix remarkably decreases the charge transport barrier at the hybrid electrolyte/electrochromic interface (EEI), thus determining an impressive improvement of overall device performances. The soft polymer substrate of the electrolyte plays a key role on the formation of WO3 pillar‐like structures and on the increase of interfacial contact area by affecting the vacuum‐deposition WO3 growth. Apart from providing higher transmittance in bleached state, the resulting device, entirely manufactured at room temperature by bottom‐up process, exhibits lower activation voltages (0.5–3 V) and faster switching kinetics (5–10 s) compared with monolithic ECDs based on both bulk and mesoporous WO3 films. Furthermore, the enhanced EEI enables the scale‐up on large area and flexible substrate ensuring simultaneously a wide optical contrast (ΔT = 70%), and high coloration efficiency.
Anisotropic Heat Conduction in Ion‐Substituted Layered Cobalt Oxides
Authors: Cho Hai Jun , Takashima Yugo , Nezu Yukio , Onozato Takaki , Ohta Hiromichi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLayered cobalt oxides, AxCoO2 (A = Li, Na, Ca, and Sr), are attracting attention as thermoelectric materials showing large thermoelectric figure of merit ZT = S2σTκ−1 (S: thermopower, σ: electrical conductivity, T: absolute temperature, κ: thermal conductivity) at higher temperatures. Due to the layered structure, AxCoO2 shows strong anisotropy in the thermoelectric properties; both S and σ are large along the layer though systematic study in κ is not reported thus far. Here, the anisotropy in κ of AxCoO2 is shown systematically with the effect of Ax on κ. AxCoO2 epitaxial films are fabricated with two different crystallographic orientations with respect to the surface normal to the substrates and the κ is measured in normal to the substrate. The κ parallel to the layers (κ||) is 3–6 times larger than that perpendicular to the layers (κ⊥). The κ|| decreases with increasing the atomic mass of Ax though κ⊥ is insensitive to it; anisotropy of κ is controlled by substituting heavier Ax ions. The present result provides new material design concept for good thermoelectric materials.
Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) tolerate some degree of inequity while cooperating but refuse to donate effort for nothing
Authors: Campbell Matthew W. , Watzek Julia , Suchak Malini , Berman Sarah M. , de Waal Frans B. M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn cooperative hunting, a carcass cannot be divided equally, and hunts may be unsuccessful. We studied how chimpanzees respond to these two variables, working for unequal rewards and no rewards, which have been rarely included in experimental cooperative tasks. We presented chimpanzees with a task requiring three chimpanzees to work together and varied the reward structure in two separate experiments. In Experiment 1, two individuals received more rewards than the third, making the outcome unequal. We wanted to know if cooperation would continue or break down, and what mechanisms might maintain performance. Experiment 2 used equal rewards, but this time one or more locations were left unbaited on a proportion of trials. Thus, there was a chance of individuals working to receive nothing. In Experiment 1, the chimpanzees worked at a high rate, tolerating the unequal outcomes, with rank appearing to determine who got access to the higher‐value locations. However, equal outcomes (used as a control) enhanced cooperative performance, most likely through motivational processes rather than the absence of inequity aversion. In Experiment 2, performance dropped off dramatically when the chimpanzees were not rewarded on every trial. Their strategy was irrational as donating effort would have led to more rewards in the long run for each individual. Our results lead to a hierarchy of performances by condition with equity > inequity > donating effort. Chimpanzees therefore tolerate mild inequity, but cannot tolerate receiving nothing when others are rewarded.
Anthropogenic influences on primate antipredator behavior and implications for research and conservation
Authors: LaBarge Laura R. , Hill Russell A. , Berman Carol M. , Margulis Susan W. , Allan Andrew T. L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPredation risk affects prey species' behavior, even in the absence of a direct threat, but human‐induced environmental change may disturb ecologically significant predator–prey interactions. Here, we propose various ways in which knowledge of antipredator tactics, behavioral risk effects, and primate–predator interactions could assist in identifying human‐caused disruption to natural systems. Using behavior to evaluate primate responses to the ongoing environmental change should be a potentially effective way to make species conservation more predictive by identifying issues before a more dramatic population declines. A key challenge here is that studies of predation on primates often use data collected via direct observations of habituated animals and human presence can deter carnivores and influence subjects' perception of risk. Hence, we also review various indirect data collection methods to evaluate their effectiveness in identifying where environmental change threatens wild species, while also minimizing observer bias.
How bad can life be? A case of concurrent cardiac tamponade and pulmonary embolus
Authors: Ta'eed Anis , Wong Ai‐Ming , Mulder John , Yang Yang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe present a rare case of a patient presenting with submassive pulmonary embolism (PE) further complicated by cardiac tamponade with the clinical dilemma on whether to perform thrombolysis or emergency pericardiocentesis to save her life. The aetiology of her pericardial effusion remains unclear but may possibly relate to post‐PE pericarditis, a condition that resembles Dressler's syndrome. The pathophysiological processes of concurrent PE and cardiac tamponade combined to result in an unusual right ventricular shape on transthoracic echocardiography, and our findings raise the possibility of a fourth mechanism for the explanation of McConnell's sign – restricted free wall dilation via the moderator band.
Cooperative Catalysis for the Highly Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective [4+3]‐Cycloannulation of ortho‐Quinone Methides and Carbonyl Ylides
Authors: Suneja Arun , Loui Henning Jakob , Schneider Christoph 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe describe herein a highly diastereo‐ and enantioselective [4+3]‐cycloannulation of ortho‐quinone methides and carbonyl ylides to furnish functionalized oxa‐bridged dibenzooxacines with excellent yields and stereoselectivity in a single synthetic step. The combination of rhodium and chiral phosphoric acid catalysis working in concert to generate both transient intermediates in situ provides direct access to complex bicyclic products with two quaternary and one tertiary stereogenic centers. The products may be further functionalized into valuable and enantiomerically highly enriched building blocks.
Ribosomal Incorporation of Aromatic Oligoamides as Peptide Sidechain Appendages
Authors: Tsiamantas Christos , Kwon Sunbum , Rogers Joseph M. , Douat Céline , Huc Ivan , Suga Hiroaki 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDerivatives of 4‐aminomethyl‐l‐phenylalanine with aromatic oligoamide foldamers as sidechain appendages were successfully charged on tRNA by means of flexizymes. Their subsequent incorporation both at the C‐terminus of, and within, peptide sequences by the ribosome, was demonstrated. These results expand the registry of chemical structures tolerated by the ribosome to sidechains significantly larger and more structurally defined than previously demonstrated.
Facile synthesis and characterization of Chrysotile/SnO2 nanocomposite for enhanced photocatalytic properties
Authors: Luo Qianqian , Peng Hongxia , Tian Xiuying , Guo Jun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSnO2 nanocrystals grown on chrysotile surfaces could be facilely synthesized in large quantities through a direct precipitation process coupled with a calcination treatment. The as‐synthesized chrysotile/SnO2 nanocomposites showed a smaller band gap energy (2.88 ev) and relatively strong light absorption than the individually dispersed SnO2 nanocrystals. Due to the narrow gap and chemical passivation aroused by inherently negative charges on the surface of chrysotile, chrysotile/SnO2 nanocomposite was endowed with superior performance to chrysotile nanotube and SnO2 nanocrystals.
Microstructure and tensile properties of injection molded thermoplastic polyurethane with different melt temperatures
Authors: Xiang Ning , Zhang Xiaowen , Zheng Mengyao , Ge Yong , Wang Tao , Liu Haibao , Maharaj Chris , Dear John P. , Yan Yue 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTThe use of injection molding technology to prepare heterogeneous interlayer film of laminated glass holds strong applicable potential. This article aims to investigate the effects of melt temperature and melt flow on the microstructure evolution and tensile properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) specimens during the injection molding process. The tensile properties of the TPU specimens show dependency on the melt temperature and melt flow direction. The results of birefringence indicate that melt flow and lower melt temperature induce higher stretching deformation of the molecular chain network. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering analysis approves that besides the melt temperature and flow direction, the testing position on the cross section of the specimen has great influence on the microstructure of the TPU sheet. Further analysis and conclusions can be made using wide‐angle X‐ray scattering method. The above results demonstrate that both the tensile properties and microstructure of the injection molded TPU specimens tend to be isotropic with the increase of melt temperature. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48891.
Reduced graphene oxide suspension with a comb copolymer and its effects on the corrosion resistance of hydroxyl polyacrylate coatings
Authors: Hu Yue , Fan Xinchuan , Chen Xiaofeng , Niu Jun , Li Ningyan , Wang Xinqiang , Chen Dianyu 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTA comb copolymer (CC) is designed and prepared in present article, by grafting epoxy resin (E‐20) on poly(styrene‐co‐acrylate). The CC is used as a special dispersant, which leads to a stabilizable reduced graphene oxide (rGO) suspension in organic coatings. The dispersing mechanism is deduced as π‐π attraction between CC and rGO, which is supported by the analysis data of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The corrosion resistance of CG suspension is determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the results implies that the anti‐corrosion behavior performed obviously, and protective efficiency is up to 99.53% in Tafel analysis. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48898.
Exploration of (3‐benzyl‐5‐hydroxyphenyl)carbamates as new antibacterial agents against Gram‐positive bacteria
Authors: Liang Hua‐ju , Cheng Ya‐juan , Wang Lu‐xia , Huang Bao‐qin , Zhang Niu‐niu , Liang Jie , Yan Ming 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA series of (3‐benzyl‐5‐hydroxyphenyl)carbamates were evaluated as new antibacterial agents. Several compounds showed potent inhibitory activity against sensitive and drug‐resistant Gram‐positive bacteria. The compounds are ineffective against all tested Gram‐negative bacteria. The structure of the ester group exerted a profound effect on antibacterial activity. 4,4‐Dimethylcyclohexanyl carbamate 6h exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity against the standard and clinically isolated Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Enterococcus faecalis (minimum inhibitory concentration = 4–8 µg/ml) strains. The preliminary experimental evidence indicated that these carbamates target the bacterial cell wall and share a similar mechanism of action with vancomycin.
Multiway data analysis approach toward understanding of photoluminescence and energy transfer in carbon nanodots
Authors: Bagheri Saeed , Kompany‐Zareh Mohsen , Karimpour Touraj 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this study, dilution analysis and anion exchange chromatography (AEC) were employed to provide insights into the photoluminescence (PL) of carbon nanodots (CNDs). A stepwise dilution process revealed that some of the fluorophores with higher energy emission were quenched in the high concentration solution and appeared in the dilute solutions. AEC fractionation led to seven sorts of CND fractions with similar surface charges. The fractionation for this CND mixture showed that excitation wavelength dependence was lower for separated CND particles. The wavelength dependence of excitation spectra could be due to energy exchange between particles that was reduced in diluted solutions and separated fractions. Multivariate analysis of AEC's data demonstrated that there were five distinct fluorophores, which formed the total CND emission. It is interesting that none of these fluorophores had a clear contribution to the surface charge of the CND particles. Further characterization through FTIR spectroscopy and 1H NMR revealed that optical properties of CNDs did not follow the surface functional groups in CNDs. This situation means that the optical behaviour of particles and their fluorophores differed depending on the surface functional groups.
Acute postoperative pain management
Authors: Small C , Laycock H 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundAcute postoperative pain is common. Nearly 20 per cent of patients experience severe pain in the first 24 h after surgery, a figure that has remained largely unchanged in the past 30 years. This review aims to present key considerations for postoperative pain management.MethodsA narrative review of postoperative pain strategies was undertaken. Searches of the Cochrane Library, PubMed and Google Scholar databases were performed using the terms postoperative care, psychological factor, pain management, acute pain service, analgesia, acute pain and pain assessment.ResultsInformation on service provision, preoperative planning, pain assessment, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies relevant to acute postoperative pain management in adults is presented, with a focus on enhanced recovery after surgery pathways.ConclusionAdequate perioperative pain management is integral to patient care and outcomes. Each of the biological, psychological and social dimensions of the pain experience should be considered and understood in order to provide optimum pain management in the postoperative setting.