bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GENERALISED GELFAND–GRAEV REPRESENTATIONS IN BAD CHARACTERISTIC ?
Authors: GECK MEINOLF 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLet G be a connected reductive algebraic group defined over a finite field with q elements. In the 1980’s, Kawanaka introduced generalised Gelfand–Graev representations of the finite group $$ G\left({\mathbbm{F}}_q\right) $$
G

F
q

, assuming that q is a power of a good prime for G. These representations have turned out to be extremely useful in various contexts. Here we investigate to what extent Kawanaka’s construction can be carried out when we drop the assumptions on q. As a curious by-product, we obtain a new, conjectural characterisation of Lusztig’s concept of special unipotent classes of G in terms of weighted Dynkin diagrams.
Inferior Vena Cava Leiomyosarcoma: What Method of Reconstruction for Which Type of Resection?
Authors: Gaignard Elodie , Bergeat Damien , Robin Fabien , Corbière Lisa , Rayar Michel , Meunier Bernard 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInferior vena cava leiomyosarcoma (IVCL) is a rare tumor with a poor prognosis, and its surgical resection remains a challenge. To date, surgery is the only potentially curative treatment for IVCL with a 5‐year survival rate of 55%. The main challenge is to combine oncological surgery with clear margins and vascular reconstruction of the inferior vena cava (IVC). In this review, we discuss the different approaches to vascular reconstruction after IVCL resection, using a prosthetic or autologous patch, direct suture or simple ligation without IVC reconstruction. The reconstruction of IVC depends of tumor location and its extension. We recommend no reconstruction if venous collaterality is well‐established. When vascular reconstruction is required, we prefer prosthetic PTFE graft. These patients should be referred to high‐volume centers with a multidisciplinary team of sarcoma surgeons with cardiothoracic, vascular and hepatic specialties.
Local Intra-arterial Vasodilator Infusion in Non-Occlusive Mesenteric Ischemia Significantly Increases Survival Rate
Authors: Winzer Robert , Fedders Dieter , Backes Moritz , Ittermann Till , Gründling Matthias , Mensel Birger , Held Hanns-Christoph , Kromrey Marie-Luise , Weitz Jürgen , Hoffmann Ralf-Thorsten , Bülow Robin , Kühn Jens-Peter 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the outcome of local intra-arterial papaverine infusion therapy in patients with non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI), and factors influencing survival, in comparison with a conservative approach.

Methods
From 2013 to 2019, patients with NOMI confirmed by imaging were included in a retrospective two-center study. According to different in-house standard procedures, patients were treated in each center either conservatively or interventionally by a standardized local infusion of intra-arterial papaverine into the splanchnic arteries. Thirty-day mortality and factors influencing the outcome, such as different demographics and laboratories, were compared between groups using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox regression, respectively.

Results
A total of 66 patients with NOMI were included, with n = 35 treated interventionally (21 males, mean age 67.7 ± 12.3 years) and n = 31 treated conservatively (18 females, mean age 71.6 ± 9.6 years). There was a significant difference in 30-day mortality between the interventional (65.7%; 12/35 survived) and the conservative group (96.8%; 1/31 survived) (hazard ratio 2.44; P = 0.005). Thresholds associated with a worse outcome of interventional therapy are > 7.68 mmol/l for lactate, < 7.31 for pH and <  − 4.55 for base excess.

Conclusion
Local intra-arterial papaverine infusion therapy in patients with NOMI significantly increases survival rate in comparison with conservative treatment. High lactate levels, low pH and high base excess, and high demand for catecholamines are associated with a poor outcome.

Level of Evidence
Level III.
The role of internal variability in climate change projections of North American surface air temperature and temperature extremes in CanESM2 large ensemble simulations
Authors: Yu Bin , Li Guilong , Chen Shangfeng , Lin Hai 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecent studies indicated that the internal climate variability plays an important role in various aspects of projected climate changes on regional and local scales. Here we present results of the spreads in projected trends of wintertime North American surface air temperature and extremes indices of warm and cold days over the next half-century, by analyzing a 50-member large ensemble of climate simulations conducted with CanESM2. CanESM2 simulations confirm the important role of internal variability in projected surface temperature trends as demonstrated in previous studies. Yet the spread in North American warming trends in CanESM2 is generally smaller than those obtained from CCSM3 and ECHAM5 large ensemble simulations. Despite this, large spreads in the climate means as well as climate change trends of North American temperature extremes are apparent in CanESM2, especially in the projected cold day trends. The ensemble mean of forced climate simulations reveals high risks of warm days over the western coast and northern Canada, as well as a weakening belt of cold days extending from Alaska to the northeast US. The individual ensemble members differ from the ensemble mean mainly in magnitude of the warm day trends, but depart considerably from the ensemble mean in spatial pattern and magnitude of the cold day trends. The signal-to-noise ratio pattern of the warm day trend resembles that of the surface air temperature trend, with stronger signals over northern Canada, Alaska, and the southwestern US than the midsection of the continent. The projected cold day patterns reveal strong signals over the southwestern US, northern Canada, and the northeastern US. In addition, the internally generated components of mean and extreme temperature trends exhibit spatial coherences over North America, and are comparable to their externally forced trends. The large-scale atmospheric circulation-induced temperature variability influences these trends. Overall, our results suggest that climate change trends of North American temperature extremes are likely very uncertain and need to be applied with caution.
Bacterial biofilms in infective endocarditis: an in vitro model to investigate emerging technologies of antimicrobial cardiovascular device coatings
Authors: Lauten Alexander , Martinović Marc , Kursawe Laura , Kikhney Judith , Affeld Klaus , Kertzscher Ulrich , Falk Volkmar , Moter Annette 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective
In spite of the progress in antimicrobial and surgical therapy, infective endocarditis (IE) is still associated with a high morbidity and mortality. IE is characterized by bacterial biofilms of the endocardium, especially of the aortic and mitral valve leading to their destruction. About one quarter of patients with formal surgery indication cannot undergo surgery. This group of patients needs further options of therapy, but due to a lack of models for IE prospects of research are low. Therefore, the purpose of this project was to establish an in vitro model of infective endocarditis to allow growth of bacterial biofilms on porcine aortic valves, serving as baseline for further research.

Methods and results
A pulsatile two-chamber circulation model was constructed that kept native porcine aortic valves under sterile, physiologic hemodynamic and temperature conditions. To create biofilms on porcine aortic valves the system was inoculated with Staphylococcus epidermidis PIA 8400. Aortic roots were incubated in the model for increasing periods of time (24 h and 40 h) and bacterial titration (1.5 × 104 CFU/mL and 1.5 × 105 CFU/mL) with 5 L cardiac output per minute. After incubation, tissue sections were analysed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for direct visualization of the biofilms. Pilot tests for biofilm growth showed monospecies colonization consisting of cocci with time- and inocula-dependent increase after 24 h and 40 h (n = 4). In n = 3 experiments for 24 h, with the same inocula, FISH visualized biofilms with ribosome-containing, and thus metabolic active cocci, tissue infiltration and similar colonization pattern as observed by the FISH in human IE heart valves infected by S. epidermidis.

Conclusion
These results demonstrate the establishment of a novel in vitro model for bacterial biofilm growth on porcine aortic roots mimicking IE. The model will allow to identify predilection sites of valves for bacterial adhesion and biofilm growth and it may serve as baseline for further research on IE therapy and prevention, e.g. the development of antimicrobial transcatheter approaches to IE.

Graphic abstract
Safety and feasibility of prolonged versus early laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Cheng Xing , Cheng Ping , Xu Peng , Hu Ping , Zhao Gang , Tao Kaixiong , Wang Guobin , Shuai Xiaoming , Zhang Jinxiang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the standard treatment for acute cholecystitis (AC), and it should be performed within 72 h of symptoms onset if possible. In many undesired situations, LC was performed beyond the golden 72 h. However, the safety and feasibility of prolonged LC (i.e., performed more than 72 h after symptoms onset) are largely unknown, and therefore were investigated in this study.

Methods
We retrospectively enrolled the adult patients who were diagnosed as AC and were treated with LC at the same admission between January 2015 and October 2018 in an emergency department of a tertiary academic medical center in China. The primary outcome was the rate and severity of adverse events, while the secondary outcomes were length of hospital stay and costs.

Results
Among the 104 qualified patients, 70 (67.3%) underwent prolonged LC and 34 (32.7%) underwent early LC (< 72 h of symptom onset). There were no differences between the two groups in mortality rate (none for both), conversion rates (prolonged LC 5.4%, and early LC 8.8%, P = 0.68), intraoperative and postoperative complications (prolonged LC 5.7% and early LC 2.9%, P ≥ 0.99), operation time (prolonged LC 193.5 min and early LC 198.0 min, P = 0.81), and operation costs (prolonged LC 8,700 Yuan, and early LC 8,500 Yuan, P = 0.86). However, the prolonged LC was associated with longer postoperative hospitalization (7.0 days versus 6.0 days, P = 0.03), longer total hospital stay (11.0 days versus 8.0 days, P < 0.01), and subsequently higher total costs (40,400 Yuan versus 31,100 Yuan, P < 0.01).

Conclusions
Prolonged LC is safe and feasible for patients with AC for having similar rates and severity of adverse events as early LC, but it is also associated with longer hospital stay and subsequently higher total cost.
The prevalence of adult de novo scoliosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: McAviney Jeb , Roberts Carrie , Sullivan Bryony , Alevras Alexander J. , Graham Petra L. , Brown Benjamin Thomas 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Primary degenerative scoliosis represents a new scoliosis developing in patients with no prior history of spinal curvature. Researchers sought to determine the prevalence of this type of scoliosis.

Methods
MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science and PubMed were searched from inception to 28th March, 2018. Studies that assessed adults from the general population for scoliosis using imaging techniques were included. Studies were included only if the study authors had excluded participants with previously diagnosed scoliosis and/or spinal disorders. Mixed-effects logistic-regression was used to establish an overall prevalence estimate with 95% confidence intervals (primary outcome) and to examine the effect of age and sex (secondary outcomes).

Results
Four cross-sectional studies and one cohort study, involving 4069 participants (66.6% Female), aged between 41 and 94 years, were eligible for inclusion. Reported prevalence figures ranged from 13 to 68%. The pooled prevalence estimate from the mixed-effects logistic regression analysis was 37.6% (95% CI 18.7–61.8). Females were more likely to suffer from scoliosis compared with males (p < 0.001), with prevalence figures of 41.2% (95% CI 20.7–65.8) versus 27.5% (95% CI 12.2–51.1), respectively. Individuals aged < 60 years had a prevalence of 13% (95% CI 5.2–30.2), whereas the prevalence estimates were substantially higher in the > 60 age group [36% (95% CI 17.4–60.6)].

Conclusion
Primary degenerative scoliosis is a highly prevalent condition, especially in females. Further research targeting this type of scoliosis is required to obtain more precise global prevalence estimates and to understand the influence of age and sex.
Differences between auto-fluorescence and tetracycline-fluorescence in medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw—a preclinical proof of concept study in the mini-pig
Authors: Ristow Oliver , Nehrbass Dirk , Zeiter Stephan , Arens Daniel , Moratin Julius , Pautke Christoph , Hoffmann Jürgen , Freudlsperger Christian , Otto Sven 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Fluorescence-guided bone surgery is a well-established technique in the treatment of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. No histopathological evidence for bone auto-fluorescence is currently available, and thus, any differences from tetracycline-fluorescence remain unclear. Therefore, the goals of this study were to find out if macroscopic and histological differences occur between the auto- and tetracycline-fluorescence in the delineation of viable and necrotic jawbone in the mini-pig.

Materials and methods
According to the proof of concept, osteonecrosis was provoked in eight Göttingen minipigs. Pigs were divided into two groups (AF group: no fluorochrome label; TF group: tetracycline label). Delineation of necrosis and viable bone was evaluated in vivo and in vitro macro−/microscopically, correlated to fluorescence properties and compared between the two study groups.

Results
No macroscopic and microscopic clinical differences were seen in fluorescence between the AF and TF groups. Macroscopic and microscopic viable bone fluoresced green, whereas necrotic bone showed no or only pale fluorescence in both groups. The auto-fluorescence was attributable to the arrangements and structure of collagen and the cell-filled bone lacunae.

Conclusion
Neither in vivo nor in vitro macroscopically differences are apparent between the auto-fluorescence and the tetracycline-fluorescence of bone. The auto-fluorescence is attributable to the arrangements and structure of collagen and the cell-filled bone lacunae. Tetracycline-fluorescence is a mixture of tetracycline (at the bone edges with increased bone formation) and large components of auto-fluorescence.

Clinical relevance
Because auto-fluorescence is easy to apply, reproducible, and does not rely on the subjective impression of the surgeon, it promises to be an important standardized alternative to tetracycline-labeled MRONJ therapy.
Towards High-Performance Code Generation for Multi-GPU Clusters Based on a Domain-Specific Language for Algorithmic Skeletons
Authors: Wrede Fabian , Kuchen Herbert 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn earlier work, we defined a domain-specific language (DSL) with the aim to provide an easy-to-use approach for programming multi-core and multi-GPU clusters. The DSL incorporates the idea of utilizing algorithmic skeletons, which are well-known patterns for parallel programming, such as map and reduce. Based on the chosen skeleton, a user-defined function can be applied to a data structure in parallel with the main advantage that the user does not have to worry about implementation details. So far, we had only implemented a generator for multi-core clusters and in this paper we present and evaluate two prototypes of generators for multi-GPU clusters, which are based on OpenACC and CUDA. We have evaluated the approach with four benchmark applications. The results show that the generation approach leads to execution times, which are on par with an alternative library implementation.
Spatio-temporal deep learning methods for motion estimation using 4D OCT image data
Authors: Bengs Marcel , Gessert Nils , Schlüter Matthias , Schlaefer Alexander 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Localizing structures and estimating the motion of a specific target region are common problems for navigation during surgical interventions. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an imaging modality with a high spatial and temporal resolution that has been used for intraoperative imaging and also for motion estimation, for example, in the context of ophthalmic surgery or cochleostomy. Recently, motion estimation between a template and a moving OCT image has been studied with deep learning methods to overcome the shortcomings of conventional, feature-based methods.

Methods
We investigate whether using a temporal stream of OCT image volumes can improve deep learning-based motion estimation performance. For this purpose, we design and evaluate several 3D and 4D deep learning methods and we propose a new deep learning approach. Also, we propose a temporal regularization strategy at the model output.

Results
Using a tissue dataset without additional markers, our deep learning methods using 4D data outperform previous approaches. The best performing 4D architecture achieves an correlation coefficient (aCC) of 98.58% compared to 85.0% of a previous 3D deep learning method. Also, our temporal regularization strategy at the output further improves 4D model performance to an aCC of 99.06%. In particular, our 4D method works well for larger motion and is robust toward image rotations and motion distortions.

Conclusions
We propose 4D spatio-temporal deep learning for OCT-based motion estimation. On a tissue dataset, we find that using 4D information for the model input improves performance while maintaining reasonable inference times. Our regularization strategy demonstrates that additional temporal information is also beneficial at the model output.
Detailed energy efficiency strategies for converting an existing office building to NZEB: a case study in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Alajmi Ali , Short Abby , Ferguson Janna , Poel Kalina Vander , Griffin Corey 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper is an attempt to identify a methodology for converting conventional energy consumption buildings to net-zero energy buildings (NZEB). The first step was rather different from the usual energy audit, which is to analyze a facility’s energy consumptions from both macro- and micro-scales. To implement such an approach, a governmental office building (Metro) in Portland, OR, was chosen as a case study. After a building model was validated against a real measurement, it was then used to evaluate different energy efficiency strategies (EESs) so as to reduce the energy consumption. The EESs showed a reduction in energy use intensity (EUI) from 166 to 66 kWh/m2.year, which is 60% less than the current consumption. The remaining energy demand of the building will be compensated by implementing renewable energy technologies (RETs), namely photovoltaic. The photovoltaic (PV) panels showed viability since they will produce 532 MWh on-site throughout the year, which is sufficient for the future remaining energy demand of the building (490.5 MWh). In conclusion, the simple payback period (SPP) and the life cycle cost analysis proved the feasibility of EESs and RETs. Environmentally, a total of 106 tons of CO2was prevented per year; in addition, 64.6 tons of CO2will also be avoided by the PVs on a yearly basis.
Pure high-grade papillary urothelial bladder cancer: a luminal-like subgroup with potential for targeted therapy
Authors: Schnitzler Tician , Ortiz-Brüchle Nadina , Schneider Ursula , Lurje Isabella , Guricova Karolina , Buchner Alexander , Schulz Gerald Bastian , Heidenreich Axel , Gaisa Nadine Therese , Knüchel Ruth , Garczyk Stefan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Non-invasive high-grade (HG) bladder cancer is a heterogeneous disease that is characterized insufficiently. First-line Bacillus Calmette-Guérin instillation fails in a substantial amount of cases and alternative bladder-preserving treatments are limited, underlining the need to promote a further molecular understanding of non-invasive HG lesions. Here, we characterized pure HG papillary urothelial bladder cancer (pure pTa HG), a potential subgroup of non-invasive HG bladder carcinomas, with regard to molecular subtype affiliation and potential for targeted therapy.

Methods
An immunohistochemistry panel comprising luminal (KRT20, ERBB2, ESR2, GATA3) and basal (KRT5/6, KRT14) markers as well as p53 and FGFR3 was used to analyze molecular subtype affiliations of 78 pure pTa HG/papillary pT1(a) HG samples. In 66 of these, ERBB2 fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed. Additionally, targeted sequencing (31 genes) of 19 pTa HG cases was conducted, focusing on known therapeutic targets or those described to predict response to targeted therapies noted in registered clinical trials or that are already approved.

Results
We found that pure pTa HG/papillary pT1(a) HG lesions were characterized by a luminal-like phenotype associated with frequent (58% of samples) moderate to high ERBB2 protein expression, rare FGFR3 alterations on genomic and protein levels, and a high frequency (89% of samples) of chromatin-modifying gene alterations. Of note, 95% of pTa HG/papillary pT1 HG cases harbored at least one potential druggable genomic alteration.

Conclusions
Our data should help guiding the selection of targeted therapies for investigation in future clinical trials and, additionally, may provide a basis for prospective mechanistic studies of pTa HG pathogenesis.
I disordini da carenza nutrizionale di iodio in Europa: aggiornamento 2019
Authors: Lazarus John H. 
Published: May 2020

SommarioIl gozzo endemico in Europa è riconosciuto da diversi secoli e la carenza nutrizionale di iodio (IDD) è nota da più di 150 anni. L’impatto della IDD sullo sviluppo del sistema nervoso e particolarmente sul quoziente intellettivo (QI) e sul rendimento scolastico dei bambini è stato documentato negli ultimi 40 anni ma i Ministeri della Salute hanno dedicato scarsa attenzione al problema e, di conseguenza, il consumo di sale fortificato con iodio in Europa è molto variabile. L’Unione Europea ha finanziato un ulteriore progetto Horizon 2020 per valutare la discrepanza nelle misurazioni dello iodio, determinare il ruolo della tireoglobulina circolante quale marcatore di IDD in gravidanza e studiare lo stato di nutrizione iodica combinando i risultati di tre grandi studi di coorte in Spagna, Regno Unito e Paesi Bassi. In aggiunta è stato sviluppato un modello di coorte aperta “state-transition”, finalizzato a prevedere le conseguenze sanitarie ed economiche di un programma di prevenzione delle IDD. Tale analisi ha concluso per il positivo costo/beneficio dell’uso del sale fortificato con iodio quale misura preventiva contro l’IDD in una popolazione moderatamente iodo-deficiente, quale quella residente in Europa. È auspicabile che la dichiarazione di Cracovia possa sostenere future politiche di implementazione a livello dei Ministeri della Salute.