bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social epistemic actions
Authors: Pezzulo Giovanni , Barca Laura , Maisto Domenico , Donnarumma Francesco 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We consider the ways humans engage in social epistemic actions, to guide each other's attention, prediction, and learning processes towards salient information, at the timescale of online social interaction and joint action. This parallels the active guidance of other's attention, prediction, and learning processes at the longer timescale of niche construction and cultural practices, as discussed in the target article.
The cost of over-intellectualizing the free-energy principle
Authors: Hutto Daniel D. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This commentary raises a question about the target article's proposed explanation of what goes on when we think through other minds. It highlights a tension between non-mindreading characterizations of everyday social cognition and the individualist, cognitivist assumptions that target article's explanatory proposal inherits from the predictive processing framework it favours.
Enculturation without TTOM and Bayesianism without FEP: Another Bayesian theory of culture is needed
Authors: Fortier-Davy Martin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
First, I discuss cross-cultural evidence showing that a good deal of enculturation takes place outside of thinking through other minds. Second, I review evidence challenging the claim that humans seek to minimize entropy. Finally, I argue that optimality claims should be avoided, and that descriptive Bayesianism offers a more promising avenue for the development of a Bayesian theory of culture.
Wh-Questions are understood before polar-questions: Evidence from English, German, and Chinese
Authors: MORADLOU Sara , ZHENG Xiaobei , TIAN Ye , GINZBURG Jonathan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper we consider the order of emergence of comprehension of wh-questions and polar-questions. We argue that considerations of complexity and input favour the earlier emergence of polar questions; on the other hand, if one assumes that question understanding emerges as a consequence of interactive learning this favours (certain) wh-questions, as well as a small subclass of polar questions. We offer corpus evidence from the Providence corpus that (a certain class of) wh-questions are in fact understood earlier than the polar-questions. We test this observation using elicitation studies on German and Chinese speaking children. Our results confirm the finding from the corpus study and are in line with an interactive learning perspective for the emergence of understanding of questions.
Institutional analysis and the gift: an introduction to the symposium
Authors: Kesting Stefan , Negru Ioana , Silvestri Paolo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHow can gift and gift-giving studies be relevant to the study of institutions andvice versa? This is the question we broadly address in the introduction to this symposium while drawing on the contributing articles and sketching out a possible future research in a perspective of integration between these two fields of study. Is the gift an institution? What types of methodological approaches would be most suitable in view of such integration? We define the gift as transfers underpinned by institutions, including customs and norms. We contend that the institutional thought can employ empirical and qualitative research methods used by anthropology and that there are important and fruitful lines of tension between gift-giving and institutions – from the relationship between freedom and obligation to the role of third sector between state and market – worthy of further research in the future.
COVID-19 complicated by pulmonary embolism treated with catheter directed thrombectomy
Authors: Galastri Francisco Leonardo , Valle Leonardo Guedes Moreira , Affonso Breno Boueri , Silva Marcela Juliano , Garcia Rodrigo Gobbo , Junior Milton Rodrigues , Ferraz Leonardo Jose Rolim , de Matos Gustavo Faissol Janot , de la Cruz Scarin Farah Christina , Nasser Felipe 
Published: May 2020

Summary: COVID-19 is a recently identified illness that is associated with thromboembolic events. We report a case of pulmonary embolism in a patient with COVID-19, treated by catheter directed thrombectomy. A 57 year old patient presented to the emergency center with severe COVID-19 symptoms and developed massive pulmonary embolism. The patient was treated with catheter directed thrombolysis (CDT) and recovered completely. Coagulopathy associated with COVID-19 is present in all severe cases and is a dynamic process. We describe a case of massive/high risk pulmonary embolism, in a patient with COVID-19 receiving full anticoagulation, who was treated by percutaneous intervention. CDT can be an additional therapeutic option in patients with COVID-19 and pulmonary embolism that present with rapid clinical collapse.
Amplification of transglutaminase 2 enhances tumor-promoting inflammation in gastric cancers
Authors: Cho Sung-Yup , Oh Yumi , Jeong Eui Man , Park Sanghui , Lee Dakeun , Wang Xiaorui , Zeng Qiqi , Qin Hongyu , Hu Fang , Gong Hui , Liu Xi , Zhang Guanjun , Na Deukchae , Lee Jieun , Chae Jeesoo , Suh Yun-Suhk , Kong Seong-Ho , Lee Hyuk-Joon , Kim Jong-Il , Park Hansoo , Zhang Chengsheng , Yang Han-Kwang , Lee Charles 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTumor-promoting inflammation is a hallmark of cancer and is highly associated with tumor progression, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are major drivers of tumor-promoting inflammation, but due to the complexity of the tumor microenvironment, the detailed regulatory mechanisms are still under investigation. Here, we investigated a novel role for transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) in the development of tumor-promoting inflammation and recruitment of TAMs to gastric cancer (GC) tissues. When estimated by array comparative genomic hybridization and droplet digital PCR, the copy numbers of the TGM2 gene were amplified in 13.6% (14/103) of GC patients and positively associated with TGM2 expression. Gene set enrichment analysis of expression microarray data for GC samples with high or low TGM2 expression showed that increased TGM2 expression was associated with tumor-promoting inflammation in GC. In addition, the expression of TGM2 was correlated with the expression of markers for macrophages, neutrophils, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels. Overexpression of TGM2 in GC cells augmented the IL-1β-induced secretion of macrophage-recruiting chemokines and NF-κB activation. TGM2 protein levels were associated with the expression levels of the macrophage marker CD163 in human GC tissue samples. Moreover, GC patients with high expression of TGM2 had a worse prognosis than those with low expression of TGM2. These results suggest TGM2 as a novel regulator of the tumor microenvironment of GC and provide a promising target for constraining tumor-promoting inflammation.
Cortical astrocytes regulate ethanol consumption and intoxication in mice
Authors: Erickson E. K. , DaCosta A. J. , Mason S. C. , Blednov Y. A. , Mayfield R. D. , Harris R. A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAstrocytes are fundamental building blocks of the central nervous system. Their dysfunction has been implicated in many psychiatric disorders, including alcohol use disorder, yet our understanding of their functional role in ethanol intoxication and consumption is very limited. Astrocytes regulate behavior through multiple intracellular signaling pathways, including G-protein coupled-receptor (GPCR)-mediated calcium signals. To test the hypothesis that GPCR-induced calcium signaling is also involved in the behavioral effects of ethanol, we expressed astrocyte-specific excitatory DREADDs in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of mice. Activating Gq-GPCR signaling in PFC astrocytes increased drinking in ethanol-naïve mice, but not in mice with a history of ethanol drinking. In contrast, reducing calcium signaling with an astrocyte-specific calcium extruder reduced ethanol intake. Cortical astrocyte calcium signaling also altered the acute stimulatory and sedative-hypnotic effects of ethanol. Astrocyte-specific Gq-DREADD activation increased both the locomotor-activating effects of low dose ethanol and the sedative-hypnotic effects of a high dose, while reduced astrocyte calcium signaling diminished sensitivity to the hypnotic effects. In addition, we found that adenosine A1 receptors were required for astrocyte calcium activation to increase ethanol sedation. These results support integral roles for PFC astrocytes in the behavioral actions of ethanol that are due, at least in part, to adenosine receptor activation.
Dual functions of Rack1 in regulating Hedgehog pathway
Authors: Li Yan , Sun Xiaohan , Gao Dongqing , Ding Yan , Liu Jinxiao , Chen Jiong , Luo Jun , Zhang Junzheng , Liu Qingxin , Zhou Zizhang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHedgehog (Hh) pathway plays multiple roles in many physiological processes and its dysregulation leads to congenital disorders and cancers. Hh regulates the cellular localization of Smoothened (Smo) and the stability of Cubitus interruptus (Ci) to fine-tune the signal outputs. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we show that the scaffold protein Rack1 plays dual roles in Hh signaling. In the absence of Hh, Rack1 promotes Ci and Cos2 to form a Ci–Rack1–Cos2 complex, culminating in Slimb-mediated Ci proteolysis. In the presence of Hh, Rack1 dissociates from Ci–Rack1–Cos2 complex and forms a trimeric complex with Smo and Usp8, leading to Smo deubiquitination and cell surface accumulation. Furthermore, we find the regulation of Rack1 on Hh pathway is conserved fromDrosophilato mammalian cells. Our findings demonstrate that Rack1 plays dual roles during Hh signal transduction and provide Rack1 as a potential drug target for Hh-related diseases.
Prospective deep phenotyping of choroideremia patients using multimodal structure-function approaches
Authors: Hagag Ahmed M. , Mitsios Andreas , Narayan Akshay , Abbouda Alessandro , Webster Andrew R. , Dubis Adam M. , Moosajee Mariya 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the retinal changes in choroideremia (CHM) patients to determine correlations between age, structure and function.

Subjects/Methods
Twenty-six eyes from 13 male CHM patients were included in this prospective longitudinal study. Participants were divided into <50-year (n = 8) and ≥50-year (n = 5) old groups. Patients were seen at baseline, 6-month, and 1-year visits. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography, and fundus autofluorescence were performed to measure central foveal (CFT) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT), as well as areas of preserved choriocapillaris (CC), ellipsoid zone (EZ), and autofluorescence (PAF). Patients also underwent functional investigations including visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity (CS), colour testing, microperimetry, dark adaptometry, and handheld electroretinogram (ERG). Vision-related quality-of-life was assessed by using the NEI-VFQ-25 questionnaire.

Results
Over the 1-year follow-up period, progressive loss was detected in SCT, EZ, CC, PAF, and CFT. Those ≥50-years exhibited more structural and functional defects with SCT, EZ, CC, and PAF showing strong correlation with patient age (rho ≤ −0.47, p ≤ 0.02). CS and VA did not change over the year, but CS was significantly correlated with age (rho = −0.63, p = 0.001). Delayed to unmeasurable dark adaptation, decreased colour discrimination and no detectable ERG activity were observed in all patients. Minimal functional deterioration was observed over one year with a general trend of slower progression in the ≥50-years group.

Conclusions
Quantitative structural parameters including SCT, CC, EZ, and PAF are most useful for disease monitoring in CHM. Extended follow-up studies are required to determine longitudinal functional changes.
Physiological cyclic stretch up-regulates angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression to reduce proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Song Jiantao , Qu Haiyan , Hu Bo , Bi Chenglong , Li Mengmeng , Wang Lin , Huang Xiaozhen , Zhang Mei 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is considered as an endogenous negative regulator of renin–angiotensin system (RAS), exerting multiple cardiovascular protective roles. Whether mechanical stretch modulates ACE2 expression remains unknown. The present study aimed at investigating whether ACE2 is involved in physiological stretch (10% elongation, 1 Hz) mediated cellular functions and the underlying mechanism. Cultured human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) were exposed to 10% stretch for indicated time, and real-time PCR and Western blot analysis showed 10% stretch increased ACE2 expression and activity significantly compared with static conditions and increased Ang-(1-7) level, but decreased Ang II level; Brdu incorporation assay and Scratch test showed that ACE2 was involved in the inhibition of HASMCs proliferation and migration by 10% stretch; the Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay demonstrated that 10% increased ACE2 promoter activity, but had no effect on ACE2 mRNA stability; kinase inhibition study and Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) showed that JNK1/2 and PKCβII pathway, as well as their downstream transcription factors, AP-1 and NF-κB, were involved in 10% stretch induced ACE2 expression. In conclusion, our study indicates ACE2 is a mechanosensitive gene, and may represent a potential therapeutic target for mechanical forces related vascular diseases.
β-elemene suppresses Warburg effect in NCI-H1650 non-small-cell lung cancer cells by regulating the miR-301a-3p/AMPKα axis
Authors: Li Lin , Zhao Dongkai , Cheng Guangyu , Li Qingjie , Chu Yunjie , Chu Hongbo , Ding Yunlu , Li Chikun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
β-elemene has been evidenced to suppress the development of numerous cancers including lung cancer. Previous research has found that in A549 cells, β-elemene increased the expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α (AMPKα), which negatively regulates the Warburg effect. Bioinformatics predicted that binding sites exist between AMPKα and miR-301a-3p, an miRNA that has shown oncogenic function in many cancers. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of β-elemene on the Warburg effect in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and its mechanism. Herein, the expression of miR-301a-3p was evaluated in NSCLC cells. Then, miR-301a-3p was overexpressed or silenced by mimics or inhibitors, respectively, followed by treatment with AMPK agonists or antagonists. NSCLC cells subjected to miR-301a-3p overexpression or inhibition were further treated with β-elemene. The results demonstrated that AMPKα was targeted and negatively regulated by miR-301a-3p. AMPKα agonists attenuated the Warburg effect in NSCLC cells induced by miR-301a-3p, as evidenced by the decrease in glucose level, lactic acid level, and expression of metabolism-related enzymes (glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), hexokinase 1 (HK1), and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA)). Additionally, β-elemene suppressed the expression of miR-301a-3p, enhanced that of AMPKα, and inhibited the Warburg effect in NSCLC cells. The results indicated that β-elemene attenuates the Warburg effect in NSCLC cells, possibly by mediating the miR-301a-3p/AMPKα axis.
LOC101928834, a novel lncRNA in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, promotes cell proliferation and predicts poor clinical outcome in myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Li Nianyi , Ma Yan , Wang Wei , Yin C. Cameron , Wu Wanling , Sun Ruichen , Zhao Guangjie , Li Shuang , Wang Xiaoqin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in hematological malignancies. We have previously identified several differentially expressed lncRNAs in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) by microarray analysis. In the present study, we explored the regulatory circuitry, potential functions, clinical and prognostic relevance of these lncRNAs in MDS by developing a lncRNA regulation network. We identified a novel lncRNA, LOC101928834, which was significantly up-regulated in the bone marrow of patients with MDS and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We further evaluated the clinical relevance of LOC101928834 in 89 MDS and 110 AML patients and found that higher level of LOC101928834 expression was associated with higher white blood cell count, higher blast percentage, the subtype of refractory cytopenia with excess blasts (RAEB) and shorter overall survival in MDS patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that LOC101928834 expression could discriminate MDS-RAEB patients from control with an area under the receiver-operating curve (AUC) of 0.9048. Moreover, functional analysis showed that LOC101928834 promoted cell proliferation and cell cycle progression, and activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in vitro. In conclusion, LOC101928834 expression is correlated with clinical and biological features of MDS and may serve as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker.
Automation of the Northwestern Narrative Language Analysis System
Authors: Fromm Davida , MacWhinney Brian , Thompson Cynthia K. 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
Analysis of spontaneous speech samples is important for determining patterns of language production in people with aphasia. To accomplish this, researchers and clinicians can use either hand coding or computer-automated methods. In a comparison of the two methods using the hand-coding NNLA (Northwestern Narrative Language Analysis) and automatic transcript analysis by CLAN (Computerized Language Analysis), Hsu and Thompson (2018) found good agreement for 32 of 51 linguistic variables. The comparison showed little difference between the two methods for coding most general (i.e., utterance length, rate of speech production), lexical, and morphological measures. However, the NNLA system coded grammatical measures (i.e., sentence and verb argument structure) that CLAN did not. Because of the importance of quantifying these aspects of language, the current study sought to implement a new, single, composite CLAN command for the full set of 51 NNLA codes and to evaluate its reliability for coding aphasic language samples.

Method
Eighteen manually coded NNLA transcripts from eight people with aphasia and 10 controls were converted into CHAT (Codes for the Human Analysis of Talk) files for compatibility with CLAN commands. Rules from the NNLA manual were translated into programmed rules for CLAN computation of lexical, morphological, utterance-level, sentence-level, and verb argument structure measures.

Results
The new C-NNLA (CLAN command to compute the full set of NNLA measures) program automatically computes 50 of the 51 NNLA measures and generates the results in a summary spreadsheet. The only measure it does not compute is the number of verb particles. Statistical tests revealed no significant difference between C-NNLA results and those generated by manual coding for 44 of the 50 measures. C-NNLA results were not comparable to manual coding for the six verb argument measures.

Conclusion
Clinicians and researchers can use the automatic C-NNLA to analyze important variables required for quantification of grammatical deficits in aphasia in a way that is fast, replicable, and accessible without extensive linguistic knowledge and training.
PET/CT versus PET/MRT bei Kopf-Hals-Tumoren
Authors: Schaarschmidt Benedikt M. , Umutlu Lale , Zarrad Fadi , Fendler Wolfgang P. 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Einführung der integrierten Positronenemissionstomografie/Magnetresonanztomografie (PET/MRT) bietet in der Bildgebung von Kopf-/Halstumoren neue Möglichkeiten der funktionellen Weichteildarstellung. Insbesondere in der Bildgebung von Plattenepithelkarzinomen des Kopf-/Halsbereichs bietet die PET/MRT deutliche Vorteile in der Primär- und Rezidivdiagnostik. Daher soll im Rahmen dieser Übersichtsarbeit der aktuelle Forschungsstand dargestellt werden und das zukünftige Potenzial dieser Modalität aufgezeigt werden.
Therapeutische Wirksamkeit von Kaltwasserimmersionen auf die Wiederherstellung der Leistungsfähigkeit von Sportlern nach intensiven Lauf- und Fahrradbelastungen – Eine systematische Literaturübersichtsarbeit
Authors: Rink Isabel , Rill Samuel , Baumann Christian 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Regeneration spielt im Sport eine große Rolle. In diesem Zusammenhang gewinnt die Hydrotherapie immer mehr an Bedeutung. Durch ihre Anwendung in verschiedenen Sportarten ist deren mediale Präsenz und damit die Bekanntheit von Kaltwasserimmersionen in den letzten Jahren gestiegen. Die große Bandbreite von Studien erschwert jedoch das Erkennen eindeutiger Handlungsanweisungen für die Praxis. Existierende Reviews beziehen sich meistens auf mehrere Outcome-Parameter oder untersuchen lediglich die physiologischen Parameter.
Ziel Konkrete Erkenntnisse aus der Praxis gewinnen über die Wirkung von Hydrotherapie auf die Wiederherstellung der körperlichen Leistungsfähigkeit mit spezifischen Angaben für Belastungsintensitäten und -arten. Diese systematische Literaturübersichtsarbeit eruiert die aktuelle Studienlage zur Wirksamkeit von Kaltwasserimmersionen auf die Wiederherstellung der Leistungsfähigkeit von Sportlern nach intensiven Lauf- und Fahrradbelastungen.
Methode Systematische Literaturrecherche in den Datenbanken Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE und Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). Anhand definierter Ein- und Ausschlusskriterien sichteten zwei unabhängige Gutachter die später in dieser Arbeit eruierten Studien in den drei genannten Datenbanken. Eine Bewertung des Verzerrungsrisikos der eingeschlossenen Studien erfolgte durch das Risk-of-Bias-Tool von Cochrane.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden sechs randomisierte kontrollierte Studien eingeschlossen. Eine Studie konnte einen positiven Effekt von Kaltwasserimmersionen auf Sprintausdauer und Sprintgeschwindigkeit feststellen, eine Studie zeigte keinen Effekt hinsichtlich der maximalen isometrischen Quadricepsanspannung sowie der Counter-Movement-Jump-Höhe und vier Studien fanden für verschiedene Parameter der körperlichen Leistungsfähigkeit positive, negative und keine Effekte.
Schlussfolgerungen Die Effektivität von Kaltwasserimmersionen scheint stark abhängig vom Belastungsprotokoll zu sein, welches dem Regenerationsprozess vorausgeht. Dementsprechend sollten für verschiedene Sportarten auch unterschiedliche Immersionsprotokolle angewendet werden. Wie genau diese Protokolle auszusehen haben, muss in zukünftigen Studien spezifisch untersucht werden.
Platelet Purinergic Receptors in Thrombosis and Inflammation
Authors: Gachet Christian , Hechler Beatrice 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIt took approximately 40 years from the seminal identification of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) as the factor R, an agent derived from red blood cells inducing platelet adhesion to glass, to the completion of the repertoire of its receptors on platelets and its importance in haemostasis and thrombosis. ADP, either derived from red blood cells or released by platelets themselves, stimulates platelets via two G protein-coupled receptors, P2Y1 and P2Y12. In addition, adenosine triphosphate, also contained in the platelet dense granules, activates the P2X1 cation channel. Each of these receptors plays a specific role during platelet activation and aggregation, with relevance to haemostasis, thrombosis and various inflammatory processes where platelets are involved including chronic responses such as atherosclerosis or acute responses such as sepsis, endotoxaemia or allergic asthma. Finally, platelets also express P2Y14, a receptor activated by released uridine diphosphate glucose. Although devoid of any known role in haemostasis, this receptor seems to play a specific role in neutrophil chemotaxis.