bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lumbar spine abnormalities and facet joint angles in asymptomatic elite junior tennis players
Authors: Connolly Molly , Rotstein Andrew H. , Roebert Justin , Grabinski Rafal , Malara Frank , O’Shea Tomas , Wood Tim , Omizzolo Melanie , Kovalchik Stephanie , Reid Machar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Lumbar spine abnormalities, in particular stress fractures to the pars interarticularis, are common in elite junior tennis players, though the difference in prevalence between males and females remains unclear. Further, facet joint orientation appears to be a possible option for recognizing which players might go on to present with a pars stress fracture. Given the link between pars stress fractures and low back pain in tennis players, it appears logical to explore the link between facet joint angle and pars abnormalities. Thus, the purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of lumbar spine abnormalities and explore the relationship between facet joint orientation and pars abnormalities in elite adolescent tennis players.

Methodology
Lumbar spine MRI images of 25 elite junior tennis players were obtained and distributed between five radiologists for analysis. Descriptive comparisons and confidence intervals were used to describe the prevalence of the abnormalities. A generalized linear regression model was conducted to investigate the relationship between lumbar pars abnormalities and lumbar facet joint angles.

Results
Sixteen (64%) of 25 players were found to have at least one lumbar spine abnormality. Pars abnormalities affected 36% of players while bone marrow edema was found in 24% of players. Disc herniation, disc degeneration, and facet joint degeneration were diagnosed in 20%, 44%, and 24% of players respectively. Lastly, one player (4%) was diagnosed with spondylolisthesis. Females had significantly larger facet joint angles across L3/4 L5/S1 compared to males (p < 0.01). Further, those who had pars abnormalities had larger facet joint angles compared to those who did not (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Disc degeneration, pars abnormalities, including bone marrow edema, and facet joint degeneration were common findings among elite adolescent tennis players.
Additionally, this study is the first to discover that pars abnormalities are linked to facet joint angle in elite adolescent tennis players. This finding might assist in identifying tennis players at a greater risk of developing lumbar spine pars abnormalities in the future.
Effect of different surface treatments on shear bond strength of ceramic brackets to old composite
Authors: Farhadifard Homa , Rezaei-Soufi Loghman , Farhadian Maryam , Shokouhi Parisa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
At present, the demand for orthodontic treatment is on the rise. On the other hand, evidence shows that the bond strength of composite resins to old composite restorations is often unreliable. Therefore, the aim of this in vitro study was to assess the effect of different surface treatments on shear bond strength (SBS) of ceramic brackets to old composite restorations.

Methods
In this in vitro experimental study, 60 nano-hybrid composite discs were fabricated. For aging, the discs were incubated in deionized water at 37 °C for 1 month. Next, they underwent 4 different surface treatments namely acid etching with 37% phosphoric acid, sandblasting, grinding, and Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation. Ceramic brackets were then bonded to the discs and underwent SBS testing.

Results
The maximum mean SBS value was obtained in the grinding group (9.16 ± 2.49 MPa), followed by the sandblasting (8.13 ± 2.58 MPa) and laser (6.57 ± 1.45 MPa) groups. The minimum mean SBS value was noted in the control group (5.07 ± 2.14 MPa).

Conclusion
All groups except for the control group showed clinically acceptable SBS. Therefore, grinding, sandblasting, and Er,Cr:YSGG laser are suggested as effective surface treatments for bonding of ceramic orthodontic brackets to aged composite.
Human reliability analysis in maintenance team of power transmission system protection
Authors: Tavakoli Mehdi , Nafar Mehdi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe requirement for reliable electrical energy supply increases continuously because of its vital role in our lives. However, events due to various factors in the power grid can cause energy supply to be interrupted. One of these factors is human error and thus human reliability analysis is a serious element in the industry. The first step is to identify the roots of human error, on which there has been limited research in this area. In this paper, the potential and actual causes of human error in maintenance teams of power transmission system protection are identified and predicted within a framework of human factors analysis and classification system method. Then, human error factors are ranked to help improve human reliability. The proposed method is implemented in the Fars Electricity Maintenance Company.
Comparative study between the effect of dexmedetomidine and lidocaine infusion in lumbar fixation on hemodynamics, fentanyl requirements, and postoperative analgesia
Authors: Mohammed Nayera S. , Habib Mariam K. , Abbas Essam A. , Mahmoud Sahar M. , Ramadan Ibraheem A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Spinal surgery is associated with high incidence of severe postoperative pain difficult to easy control. Appropriate treatment modalities decreased the postoperative morbidity, increased patient satisfaction, allowed early mobility, and decreased hospital costs. Lidocaine was used as intravenous additives to control intraoperative pain and decrease postoperative pain. As lidocaine, dexmedetomidine infusion associated with lower postoperative pain scores decreased the opioid consumption and its related adverse events. The aim of this double blind randomized prospective comparative study was to compare the efficacy of intraoperative dexmedetomidine versus lidocaine infusion on hemodynamics, fentanyl requirements, and postoperative analgesia among 66 patients subjected to lumbar fixation surgery and randomized into group D which received dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg infusion over 10 min as a loading dose then 0.3–0.5 μg/kg/h after induction of anesthesia as maintenance dose and group X which received lidocaine 0.3–0.5 mg/kg/h after induction of anesthesia.

Results
At 10, 15, 30, and 60 min, the mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate significantly decreased in group D compared to group X, and there was significantly higher total dose of intraoperative analgesic for fentanyl in group X than group D. There was significantly higher numeric rating scale in group X compared to group D at 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 h postoperative with significant early request of the first analgesia, higher incidence of analgesic needs, and higher dose of postoperative analgesia paracetamol, voltaren, or pethidine in group X compared to group D.

Conclusions
The intraoperative use of dexmedetomidine IV infusion was an alternative mode to decrease the demands of analgesia following spine surgery.
Experiential learning with virtual reality: animal handling training
Authors: Tang Florence Mei Kuen , Lee Ray Mau Fung , Szeto Roy Hok Lai , Cheung Justin Chak Ting , Ngan Olivia Miu Yung 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTraining in handling laboratory animals is fundamentally imperative to the responsible use of animals in research. Animal welfare topic is underdeveloped in the tertiary education, where instruction is majorly delivered in the format of lecture and group discussion only. Students with limited exposure to the laboratory were inattentive to animal welfare and uncertain how ethics intertwine with science. This paper describes a multi-disciplinary experience in developing and implementing virtual reality (VR) simulation to enhance contextual learning of using animal models in research with digital technology in biomedical science teaching at higher education. The in-house developed courseware consists of student-centred stimulations designed with game elements implemented at the tutorial session. At the first game level, the setting situates at in the preparation room that requires learners to apply the laboratory safety knowledge to wear personal protective equipment. At the second game level, the environment situates at the restricted experimental room to perform hands-on injections on mice. If the learner fails to pick up appropriate safety equipment at the first level, the learner is prohibited from entering the next level. During the simulation, the learner’s interaction is also displayed to the monitor that supports parallel teaching to the larger class. At the debriefing, 3Rs principles were reinforced as a sample framework for performing humane animal research. We illustrate how the hybrid uses of VR technology with gamification, together with didactic pedagogy, offers promise in enforcing working knowledge into better task performance, specifically research skills training. Our experience and students’ feedback show using immersive VR for educational purposes to encourage the learner applying conceptual knowledge in the simulated laboratory setting. Further application of VR in science for vocational training or higher education is feasible to engage students or stakeholders from various disciplines.
An in silico LLPS perturbation approach in the design of a novel SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain inhibitor
Authors: Durojaye Olanrewaju Ayodeji , Sedzro Divine Mensah , Mushiana Talifhani , Uzoeto Henrietta Onyinye , Cosmas Samuel , Ajima Judith Nnedimkpa , Ibiang Glory Omini 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe reversible process where a homogenous fluid de-mixes into two distinctively separate liquid phases is referred to as LLPS (Liquid-liquid phase separation). The resulting liquid is made up of one dilute phase and one condensed phase. An increasing number of studies have shown that the liquid-liquid phase separation is an important principle that underlies intracellular organization in biological systems, forming liquid condensates without a membrane envelope, otherwise known as MLOs (membraneless organelles). Such organelles include the P bodies, nucleolus and stress granules. Moreover, the regulation of many other biological processes such as signal transduction, chromatin rearrangement and RNA metabolism have been linked to the liquid-liquid phase separation.
Understanding internet gaming addiction in clinical practice
Authors: Gupta Devika , Bennett-Li Lydia , Velleman Richard , George Sanju , Nadkarni Abhijit 
Published: November 2020

SUMMARYInternet gaming disorder (IGD) is a condition in which the individual is preoccupied with playing online video games and unable to regulate this behaviour, resulting in adverse physical and psychological consequences. Although there is some debate about whether IGD is an addiction or a coping mechanism, global evidence indicates that the condition is increasing in prevalence with recent advances in technology and its higher penetration into routine life. Male children and adolescents located in East Asian countries are at higher risk than others in the world. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, depression and anxiety are typically associated with IGD. Given the continuing ambiguity regarding the diagnosis and screening tools for the disorder, it has become all the more relevant for mental health practitioners and academics to attend to this condition and develop evidence-based treatments. This review summarises both the existing evidence for the disorder and the debates that surround it.
The effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for major depressive disorder: evidence from routine outcome monitoring data
Authors: Geurts Dirk E.M. , Compen Felix R. , Van Beek Marleen H.C.T. , Speckens Anne E.M. 
Published: November 2020

Background
Meta-analyses show efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in terms of relapse prevention and depressive symptom reduction in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, most studies have been conducted in controlled research settings.

Aims
We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of MBCT in patients with MDD presenting in real-world clinical practice. Moreover, we assessed whether guideline recommendations for MBCT allocation in regard to recurrence and remission status of MDD hold in clinical practice.

Method
This study assessed a naturalistic cohort of patients with (recurrent) MDD, either current or in remission (n = 765), who received MBCT in a university hospital out-patient clinic in The Netherlands. Outcome measures were self-reported depressive symptoms, worry, mindfulness skills and self-compassion. Predictors were MDD recurrence and remission status, and clinical and sociodemographic variables. Outcome and predictor analyses were conducted with linear regression.

Results
MBCT adherence was high (94%). Patients with a lower level of education had a higher chance of non-adherence. Attending more sessions positively influenced improvement in depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms significantly reduced from pre- to post-MBCT (Δ mean = 7.7, 95%CI = 7.0–8.5, Cohen's d = 0.75). Improvement of depressive symptoms was independent from MDD recurrence and remission status. Unemployed patients showed less favourable outcomes. Worry, mindfulness skills and self-compassion all significantly improved. These improvements were related to changes in depressive symptoms.

Conclusions
Previous efficacy results in controlled research settings are maintained in clinical practice. Results illustrate that MBCT is effective in routine clinical practice for patients suffering from MDD, irrespective of MDD recurrence and remission status.
High-sensitive C-reactive protein and homocysteine levels in patients with newly diagnosed bipolar disorder, their first-degree relatives, and healthy control persons—Results from a clinical study
Authors: Nielsen Marc Østergaard , Petersen Nanna Aagaard , Coello Klara , Stanislaus Sharleny , Melbye Sigurd A. , Kjærstad Hanne Lie , Sletved Kimie Stefanie Ormstrup , Frikke-Schmidt Ruth , McIntyre Roger S. , Vinberg Maj , Kessing Lars Vedel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Changes in inflammatory and metabolic markers are implicated in the pathogenesis in both the development and progression of bipolar disorder (BD). Notwithstanding, these markers have not been investigated in newly diagnosed BD.

Methods
We compared high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and homocysteine (Hcy) levels in 372 patients with newly diagnosed BD, 106 unaffected first-degree relatives (URs), and 201 healthy control persons (HCs). Within the patient group, we also investigated possible associations between hs-CRP and Hcy, respectively, with illness-related characteristics and psychotropic medication.

Results
No statistically significant differences in Hcy and hs-CRP levels were found when comparing BD and URs with HCs. Similarly, there were no differences when comparing only patients in remission or patients with affective symptoms, respectively, with HCs. Hcy levels were found to be 11.9% (95% CI: 1.030–1.219) higher in patients with BD when compared with their URs (p = 0.008), when adjusting for folate and cobalamin status, age, sex, and self-reported activity levels. Hcy levels were significantly associated with folate, cobalamin, gender, and age in all models (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Our results do not support hs-CRP or Hcy as markers in newly diagnosed BD.
Role of Imprinting Disorders in Short Children Born SGA and Silver-Russell Syndrome Spectrum
Authors: Fuke Tomoko , Nakamura Akie , Inoue Takanobu , Kawashima Sayaka , Hara Kaori Isono , Matsubara Keiko , Sano Shinichiro , Yamazawa Kazuki , Fukami Maki , Ogata Tsutomu , Kagami Masayo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground(Epi)genetic disorders associated with small-for-gestational-age with short stature (SGA-SS) include imprinting disorders (IDs). Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is a representative ID in SGA-SS and has heterogenous (epi)genetic causes.Subjects and MethodsTo clarify the contribution of IDs to SGA-SS and the molecular and phenotypic spectrum of SRS, we recruited 269 patients with SGA-SS, consisting of 103 and 166 patients referred to us for genetic testing for SGA-SS and SRS, respectively. After excluding 20 patients with structural abnormalities detected by comparative genomic hybridization analysis using catalog array, 249 patients were classified into 3 subgroups based on the Netchine-Harbison clinical scoring system (NH-CSS), SRS diagnostic criteria. We screened various IDs by methylation analysis for differentially methylated regions (DMRs) related to known IDs. We also performed clinical analysis.ResultsThese 249 patients with SGA-SS were classified into the “SRS-compatible group” (n = 148), the “non-SRS with normocephaly or relative macrocephaly at birth group” (non-SRS group) (n = 94), or the “non-SRS with relative microcephaly at birth group” (non-SRS with microcephaly group) (n = 7). The 44.6% of patients in the “SRS-compatible group,” 21.3% of patients in the “non-SRS group,” and 14.3% in the “non-SRS with microcephaly group” had various IDs. Loss of methylation of the H19/IGF2:intergenic-DMR and uniparental disomy chromosome 7, being major genetic causes of SRS, was detected in 30.4% of patients in the “SRS-compatible group” and in 13.8% of patients in the “non-SRS group.”ConclusionWe clarified the contribution of IDs as (epi)genetic causes of SGA-SS and the molecular and phenotypic spectrum of SRS. Various IDs constitute underlying factors for SGA-SS, including SRS.
Dual GIP and GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Tirzepatide Improves Beta-cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Thomas Melissa K , Nikooienejad Amir , Bray Ross , Cui Xuewei , Wilson Jonathan , Duffin Kevin , Milicevic Zvonko , Haupt Axel , Robins Deborah A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Context
Novel dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (RA) tirzepatide demonstrated substantially greater glucose control and weight loss (WL) compared with selective GLP-1RA dulaglutide.

Objective
Explore mechanisms of glucose control by tirzepatide.

Design
Post hoc analyses of fasting biomarkers and multiple linear regression analysis.

Setting
Forty-seven sites in 4 countries.

Patients or other Participants
Three hundred and sixteen subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Interventions
Tirzepatide (1, 5, 10, 15 mg), dulaglutide (1.5 mg), placebo.

Main Outcome Measures
Analyze biomarkers of beta-cell function and insulin resistance (IR) and evaluate WL contributions to IR improvements at 26 weeks.

Results
Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) 2-B significantly increased with dulaglutide and tirzepatide 5, 10, and 15 mg compared with placebo (P ≤ .02). Proinsulin/insulin and proinsulin/C-peptide ratios significantly decreased with tirzepatide 10 and 15 mg compared with placebo and dulaglutide (P ≤ .007). Tirzepatide 10 and 15 mg significantly decreased fasting insulin (P ≤ .033) and tirzepatide 10 mg significantly decreased HOMA2-IR (P = .004) compared with placebo and dulaglutide. Markers of improved insulin sensitivity (IS) adiponectin, IGFBP-1, and IGFBP-2 significantly increased by 1 or more doses of tirzepatide (P &lt; .05). To determine whether improvements in IR were directly attributable to WL, multiple linear regression analysis with potential confounding variables age, sex, metformin, triglycerides, and glycated hemoglobin A1c was conducted. WL significantly (P ≤ .028) explained only 13% and 21% of improvement in HOMA2-IR with tirzepatide 10 and 15 mg, respectively.

Conclusions
Tirzepatide improved markers of IS and beta-cell function to a greater extent than dulaglutide. IS effects of tirzepatide were only partly attributable to WL, suggesting dual receptor agonism confers distinct mechanisms of glycemic control.
Palliative and Supportive Care in Neuro-oncology
Authors: Forst Deborah A. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTPURPOSE OF REVIEWThis article reviews the supportive care needs of patients with primary brain tumors and their caregivers, outlines the management of selected common symptoms of patients with brain tumors, and describes challenges and opportunities in providing palliative care for this population.RECENT FINDINGSPatients with primary malignant brain tumors generally have a poor prognosis and experience progressive neurologic decline and significant physical and psychological symptoms. Management of these symptoms, including fatigue, mood disorders, and the manifestations of cerebral edema, can be challenging. Caregivers for these patients have high rates of psychological distress and report significant caregiving burden. Although the benefit of early palliative care for patients with other advanced solid tumors is well established, our understanding of the role of palliative care in neuro-oncology is incomplete, and thus palliative care and hospice services remain underutilized.SUMMARYPatients with brain tumors and their caregivers have significant supportive care needs, which often differ from the needs of patients with cancers outside of the nervous system. Clinicians face challenges associated with managing patients’ symptoms and adequately facilitating prognostic understanding and decision making. Palliative care and hospice services may offer important benefits for this population.
Nonmalignant Brain Tumors
Authors: Lukas Rimas V. , Mrugala Maciej M. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article describes the diagnosis and management of meningioma, pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma, and glioneuronal tumors.

RECENT FINDINGS
Both meningiomas and pituitary adenomas are common brain tumors. In many cases, these lesions are found incidentally on imaging when patients are being evaluated for a variety of symptoms and signs. While nonmalignant, these tumors are occasionally associated with significant morbidity due to location and resulting secondary symptoms. Rarely, these tumors can also transform into malignant variants. Surgical techniques allow for more complete resections with minimal complications. Significant progress is being made in understanding the molecular biology of meningioma, which may result in wider availability of targeted therapies, especially for patients who are not candidates for other therapeutic modalities. Medical therapies for secretory pituitary adenomas continue to evolve. Craniopharyngiomas are nonmalignant tumors associated with significant morbidity due to their location. Molecular subtypes exist and may respond to targeted agents. Glioneuronal tumors are low-grade neoplasms potentially cured by gross total resection; however, residual and recurrent disease may require additional therapy. Recent studies have identified potentially targetable molecular alterations in more than half of cases.

SUMMARY
Meningiomas and pituitary adenomas are frequently encountered in neurologic practice, and familiarity with their presentation and management is essential for a practicing neurologist. Craniopharyngiomas, meningiomas, and glioneuronal tumors are characterized by a high frequency of potentially actionable genetic alterations, and targeted therapies may eventually supplement surgical therapy of these nonmalignant tumors.
Nowe gatunki we florze mchów Wigierskiego Parku Narodowego
Authors: Staniszek-Kik Monika , Górski Piotr , Fałtynowicz Wiesław , Fałtynowicz Hanna , Halama Marek , Kowalewska Agnieszka , Patejuk Katarzyna , Pencakowski Bartosz , Piegdoń Amelia , Romański Maciej 
Published: November 2020

In the years 2017–2019 bryological investigations were carried out in the Wigierski National Park. As a result, five moss species new to this area have been found – Dicranoweisia cirrata, Homomallium incurvatum, Orthotrichum pulchellum, Serpoleskea subtilis and Zygodon rupestris. The paper provides information about their localities and habitats.