bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zn2Al‐CO3 Layered Double Hydroxide: Adsorption, Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Performances
Authors: Dutta S. , Jana Tushar K. , Halder Suman K. , Maiti Ramaprasad , Dutta Ankita , Kumar A. , Chatterjee K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDue to the accelerating growth of civilian and industrial regime, chemical and bioremediation of water body become a major concern for society. Here, we report a facile and scalable process to get Zinc‐aluminium layered double hydroxide (LDH) with carbonate interlayer anion and present it as promising multifunctional material for potential applications in adsorption, antibacterial, and cytotoxicity performances. In this study, the sample was prepared by co‐precipitation method and the well crystalline LDH was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD), X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. The study shows excellent adsorption capacity of Zn2Al‐CO3 LDH as high as 81.4 mg/g against the methyl orange (MO) dye taken as a model organic pollutant. Adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms have also been investigated in detail. Moreover, the prepared Zn2Al‐CO3 LDH sample shows commendable antimicrobial efficacy against both Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria. In addition to that, under cytotoxicity study, the sample exhibits a creditable inhibitory effect towards the cancerous cell HEPG2 cell. As a whole the results show the significant implication of the Zn2Al‐CO3 LDHas a multifunctional material towards environmental concern and also as an antimicrobial material.
Effects of Ion Energy and Density on the Plasma Etching‐Induced Surface Area, Edge Electrical Field, and Multivacancies in MoSe2 Nanosheets for Enhancement of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Xiao Dezhi , Ruan Qingdong , Bao De‐Liang , Luo Yang , Huang Chao , Tang Siying , Shen Jie , Cheng Cheng , Chu Paul K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPlasma functionalization can increase the efficiency of MoSe2 in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by providing multiple species but the interactions between the plasma and catalyst are not well understood. In this work, the effects of the ion energy and plasma density on the catalytic properties of MoSe2 nanosheets are studied. The through‐holes resulting from plasma etching and multi‐vacancies induced by plasma‐induced damage enhance the HER efficiency as exemplified by a small overpotential of 148 mV at 10 mA cm–2 and Tafel slope of 51.6 mV dec–1 after the plasma treatment using a power of 20 W. The interactions between the plasma and catalyst during etching and vacancies generation are evaluated by plasma simulation. Finite element and first‐principles density functional theory calculations are also conducted and the results are consistent with the experimental results, indicating that the improved HER catalytic activity stems from the enhanced electric field and more active sites on the catalyst, and reduced bandgap and adsorption energy arising from the etched through‐holes and vacancies, respectively. The results convey new fundamental knowledge about the plasma effects and means to enhance the efficiency of catalysts in water splitting as well insights into the design of high‐performance HER catalysts.
On the security and confidentiality of quantum key distribution
Authors: Al‐Ghamdi Al‐Batool , Al‐Sulami Ameenah , Aljahdali Asia Othman 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCryptography is a scientific method that is used to transmit secret information. In contrast, quantum cryptography depends on physical laws to encrypt information; when the quantum computer appeared, the classic encryption method becomes inefficient. The quantum method is commonly used to distribute keys, a process called as quantum key distribution (QKD). In this paper, we consider the efficiency of the quantum method compared to classical methods. Also, we discuss the security of QKD against several attacks and provide security analysis based on probabilistic models. Additionally, the paper explains how to encrypt random numbers into a sequence of photons using a QKD system for the distribution of a key. This research demonstrates the efficiency and security of QKD in sending and distributing keys between communication parties. Thus, both the sender and the receiver would be able to obtain a security key using the quantum method rather than classical methods.
Factors Influencing Trapping Success of Northern Bobwhites
Authors: Behney Adam C. , Wolske Joseph M. , Cucinotta Thomas M. , Tappe Carolin 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTCapturing animals is a critical component of many ecological research projects. Factors that increase capture success can save time, money, and improve inference. Even though northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) are intensively studied, little information exists on factors that influence trapping success. Using baited walk‐in funnel traps during 2019, we examined how putting cover over traps, scraping litter and vegetation under traps, distance to nearest cover, overhead cover, date, time, and weather influenced trapping success of northern bobwhites in northeastern Colorado, USA. We found that cover placed over traps, litter scraped away underneath traps, traps placed closer to cover, and windy days resulted in greater trapping success. These results should enable researchers to be more successful capturing bobwhites and result in larger samples and more precise inference in future studies. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Revisiting the nexus of the financial development and economic development: new international evidence using a wavelet approach
Authors: Karlsson Hyunjoo Kim , Månsson Kristofer , Hacker Scott 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study investigates Granger causality and instantaneous causality between financial development and economic development for 76 economies of four different income levels. The main novelty of the study is that it fills a gap in existing studies on the relationship between financial development and economic development by employing wavelet analysis, which enables us to study the varying timescale relationships of the variables. Among the findings is that at the scale of 4–8 years, it is more common for financial development and economic development to support each other once a country achieves at least lower-middle-income status.
The Decreasing Incidence of Acute Appendicitis During COVID‐19: A Retrospective Multi‐centre Study
Authors: Tankel James , Keinan Aner , Blich Ori , Koussa Michael , Helou Brigitte , Shay Shahaf , Zugayar Diaa , Pikarsky Alon , Mazeh Haggi , Spira Ram , Reissman Petachia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAs the novel coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) spreads, a decrease in the number of patients with acute appendicitis (AA) has been noted in our institutions. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence and severity of AA before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsA retrospective cohort analysis was performed between December 2019 and April 2020 in the four high‐volume centres that provide health care to the municipality of Jerusalem, Israel. Two groups were created. Group A consisted of patients who presented in the 7 weeks prior to COVID‐19 first being diagnosed, whilst those in the 7 weeks after were allocated to Group B. A comparison was performed between the clinicopathological features of the patients in each group as was the changing incidence of AA.ResultsA total of 378 patients were identified, 237 in Group A and 141 in Group B (62.7% vs. 37.3%). Following the onset of COVID‐19, the weekly incidence of AA decreased by 40.7% (p = 0.02). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of the length of preoperative symptoms or surgery, need for postoperative peritoneal drainage or the distribution of complicated versus uncomplicated appendicitis.ConclusionsThe significant decrease in the number of patients admitted with AA during the onset of COVID‐19 possibly represents successful resolution of mild appendicitis treated symptomatically by patients at home. Further research is needed to corroborate this assumption and identify those patients who may benefit from this treatment pathway.
Can-Pain-a digital intervention to optimise cancer pain control in the community: development and feasibility testing
Authors: Adam Rosalind , Bond Christine M. , Burton Christopher D. , de Bruin Marijn , Murchie Peter 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeTo develop a novel digital intervention to optimise cancer pain control in the community. This paper describes intervention development, content/rationale and initial feasibility testing.MethodsDeterminants of suboptimal cancer pain management were characterised through two systematic reviews; patient, caregiver and healthcare professional (HCP) interviews (n = 39); and two HCP focus groups (n = 12). Intervention mapping was used to translate results into theory-based content, creating the app “Can-Pain”. Patients with/without a linked caregiver, their general practitioners and community palliative care nurses were recruited to feasibility test Can-Pain over 4 weeks.ResultsPatients on strong opioids described challenges balancing pain levels with opioid intake, side effects and activities and communicating about pain management problems with HCPs. Can-Pain addresses these challenges through educational resources, contemporaneous short-acting opioid tracking and weekly patient-reported outcome monitoring. Novel aspects of Can-Pain include the use of contemporaneous breakthrough analgesic reports as a surrogate measure of pain control and measuring the level at which pain becomes bothersome to the individual.Patients were unwell due to advanced cancer, making recruitment to feasibility testing difficult. Two patients and one caregiver used Can-Pain for 4 weeks, sharing weekly reports with four HCPs. Can-Pain highlighted unrecognised problems, promoted shared understanding about symptoms between patients and HCPs and supported shared decision-making.ConclusionsPreliminary testing suggests that Can-Pain is feasible and could promote patient-centred pain management. We will conduct further small-scale evaluations to inform a future randomised, stepped-wedge trial.Trial registrationQualitative research:ClinicalTrials.gov, reference NCT02341846Feasibility study: NIHR CPMS database ID 34172
SWI and phase imaging reveal intracranial calcifications in the P301L mouse model of human tauopathy
Authors: Ni Ruiqing , Zarb Yvette , Kuhn Gisela A. , Müller Ralph , Yundung Yankey , Nitsch Roger M. , Kulic Luka , Keller Annika , Klohs Jan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective
Brain calcifications are associated with several neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we describe the occurrence of intracranial calcifications as a new phenotype in transgenic P301L mice overexpressing four repeat tau, a model of human tauopathy.

Materials and methods
Thirty-six P301L mice (Thy1.2) and ten age-matched non-transgenic littermates of different ages were assessed. Gradient echo data were acquired in vivo and ex vivo at 7 T and 9.4 T for susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) and phase imaging. In addition, ex vivo micro-computed tomography (μCT) was performed. Histochemistry and immunohistochemistry were used to investigate the nature of the imaging lesions.

Results
SW images revealed regional hypointensities in the hippocampus, cortex, caudate nucleus, and thalamus of P301L mice, which in corresponding phase images indicated diamagnetic lesions. Concomitantly, µCT detected hyperdense lesions, though fewer lesions were observed compared to MRI. Diamagnetic susceptibility lesions in the hippocampus increased with age. The immunochemical staining of brain sections revealed osteocalcin-positive deposits. Furthermore, intra-neuronal and vessel-associated osteocalcin-containing nodules co-localized with phosphorylated-tau (AT8 and AT100) in the hippocampus, while vascular osteocalcin-containing nodules were detected in the thalamus in the absence of phosphorylated-tau deposition.

Discussion
SWI and phase imaging sensitively detected intracranial calcifications in the P301L mouse model of human tauopathy.
“False Friends” and Some Other Phenomena Reflecting the Historical Determination of the Terminology of Hungarian Private Law
Authors: Földi András 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article deals with some phenomena of the Hungarian legal language from a historical point of view, with special regard to the terminology of private law going back to Roman law tradition. The author aims, on the one hand, to present the historical background of the current terminology of Hungarian private law by means of some representative examples. On the other hand, it is attempted at demonstrating that “false friends” and some further misunderstandings in the current terminology of Hungarian private law can be led back to the historical determination of the concepts/terms in question. A certain Hungarian legal language existed already in the 16th c., however it reached the common European level by the middle of the 19th c. This development took place mainly under the influence of the Austrian and German law and legal science. Due to the translation of foreign legal terms to Hungarian since the 19th c. there emerged some “global” difficulties of legal terminology also in the Hungarian legal language. As the most important example, the reception of bona fides can be mentioned. It was an amendment of the Hungarian Civil Code in 2006 which tried to eliminate the misunderstandings as regards the principle of good faith (and fair dealing) conceived formerly by many Hungarian jurists exclusively in subjective sense. The history of reception of the German notions of Gültigkeit and Wirksamkeit in Hungary is extremely intriguing, too. Hungarian jurists did not follow the pattern of the German BGB but developed this pair created by Windscheid by drawing a clear distinction between the validity and effectiveness of legal transactions (as well as of the legal norms), similar to the Italian terminology (validità v. efficacia). Sometimes the reception of German notions happened in a less successful way (e.g. in the case of negatives Interesse created by Jhering, which can be qualified as a “false friend” in Hungary in comparison with the original German notion). Despite the important foreign, especially German impacts, the Hungarian legal language is an autonomous one having several remarkable features which deserve attention also in comparison with terminology of the Western legal cultures.
Study of Surface Roughness on Friction in Rolling/Sliding Contacts: Ball-on-Disc Versus Twin-Disc
Authors: Bergseth Ellen , Zhu Yi , Söderberg Anders 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlthough the efficiency of a gear pair is currently high, a better understanding of surface/lubricant contribution on efficiency is critical. Electrified drivelines will, for example, impose higher speed and alternate loading, and it is expected that these new conditions will, to a greater extent, rely on the surface/lubricant characteristics. Phenomena taking place in the gear contact is often measured using ball-on-disc and twin-disc tribometers. In this study, these two test set-ups were compared in order to assess differences in the behaviour of surface/lubricant interactions. Results showed that ball-on-disc and twin-disc set-ups reflect the same friction trends. However, the friction results differed by a factor of roughly two, even though the tribometers were set-up to run at the same contact pressure. The wear mechanisms also differed: micropits occurred on discs used in the twin-disc set-up, whereas normal or no wear was found on the ball-on-disc specimens. The contact conditions for the two test set-ups were also analysed using a numerical model. The comparison of these two machines may aid gear designers in selecting the proper experimental set-up for their purpose.
Metacognitive awareness as measured by second-order judgements among university and secondary school students
Authors: Nederhand Marloes L. , Tabbers Huib K. , De Bruin Anique B.H. , Rikers Remy M. J. P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhen compared to high performers, low performers generally have more difficulty to accurately estimate their own performance. This has been explained by low performers being both unskilled and unaware about their performance. However, Miller and Geraci Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 37(2), 502–506, (2011) found that low performing university students also assigned less confidence to their estimates (i.e., second-order judgments, SOJs), indicating some metacognitive awareness of their poor calibration. The current study examined whether the relationship between calibration accuracy and confidence in performance estimates is more general, and exists irrespective of performance level, not only for university students but also for secondary school students. We asked university students and secondary school students to estimate their exam grade after taking their exam, and to provide a second-order judgement). The results showed that for university students, poor calibration accuracy was indeed accompanied by low confidence scores, independent from performance level. For secondary school students however, calibration accuracy was unrelated to confidence scores, suggesting a less developed metacognitive awareness.
Graphene Oxide Functionalized Optical Planar Waveguide for Water Content Measurement in Alcohol
Authors: Lim Wenghong , Yap Yuenkiat , Lai Choonkong , Chong Wuyi , Ahmad Harith 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAn abrupt change in optical transmission characteristic of a graphene oxide (GO) coated optical planar waveguide was observed. This observation was based on the peculiar characteristics of the graphene oxide film, namely its high transverse-electric polarized light propagation loss, highly selective permeability of water, and change in optical propagation characteristic in the presence of water. The as-fabricated GO-coated optical waveguide showed a large polarization dependent loss of ~32 dB in the C-band optical fiber communication window (1550 nm). The response of the proposed sensor was first tested by using water. When a drop of water was applied onto the GO coating, the large polarization dependent loss was fully suppressed almost instantaneously. This effect was reversible as the polarization dependent loss was restored after complete water evaporation from the GO coating. All-optical measurement of water content in alcohol was then demonstrated by using the GO-coated optical waveguide. By analyzing the drying profile of the water-alcohol mixture, water content in the range of 0.2 volume % – 100 volume % could be measured. These measurements were carried out by using solution volume of 1.0 μL only. The all-optical sensing nature of the proposed sensor has potential applications in in-situ monitoring of water content in alcohol.
Acute mastoiditis in children: contemporary opportunities and challenges
Authors: Mather M , Powell S , Yates P D , Powell J 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundMastoiditis is the most common intra-temporal complication of acute otitis media. Despite potentially lethal sequelae, optimal management remains poorly defined.MethodA retrospective case review was conducted of children diagnosed with mastoiditis at a tertiary referral centre, in North East England, between 2010 and 2017.ResultsFifty-one cases were identified, 49 without cholesteatoma. Median patient age was 42 months (2 months to 18 years) and median hospital stay was 4 days (range, 0–27 days). There was no incidence trend over time. Imaging was conducted in 15 out of 49 cases. Surgery was performed in 29 out of 49 cases, most commonly mastoidectomy with (9 out of 29) or without (9 out of 29) grommets. Complications included sigmoid sinus thrombosis (3 out of 49) and extradural abscess (2 out of 51), amongst others; no fatalities occurred.ConclusionA detailed contemporary description of paediatric mastoiditis presentation and management is presented. The findings broadly mirror those published by other UK centres, but suggest a higher rate of identified disease complications and surgical interventions.
Maladaptive social norms, cultural progress, and the free-energy principle
Authors: Colombo Matteo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Veissière and collaborators ground their account of culture and social norms in the free-energy principle, which postulates that the utility (or adaptive value) of an outcome is equivalent to its probability. This equivalence would mean that their account entails that complying with social norms has always adaptive value. But, this is false, because many social norms are obviously maladaptive.
Thinking with other minds
Authors: Baggs Edward , Chemero Anthony 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We applaud the ambition of Veissière et al.'s account of cultural learning, and the attempt to ground higher order thinking in embodied theory. However, the account is limited by loose terminology, and by its commitment to a view of the child learner as inference-maker. Vygotsky offers a more powerful view of cultural learning, one that is fully compatible with embodiment.
Skill-based engagement with a rich landscape of affordances as an alternative to thinking through other minds
Authors: Kiverstein Julian , Rietveld Erik 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Veissière and colleagues make a valiant attempt at reconciling an internalist account of implicit cultural learning with an externalist account that understands social behaviour in terms of its environment-involving dynamics. However, unfortunately the author's attempt to forge a middle way between internalism and externalism fails. We argue their failure stems from the overly individualistic understanding of the perception of cultural affordances they propose.
Multicultural Experiences and the Secondary Transfer Effect of Intercultural Attitudes
Authors: Sparkman David J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract. This research investigates whether multicultural experiences (MCEs) (1) improve attitudes toward primary outgroups, (2) improve attitudes toward secondary outgroups (the “secondary transfer effect”) – depending on the perceived similarity versus dissimilarity of the target group, and (3) affect ingroup reappraisal. The deprovincialization and attitude generalization hypotheses were also investigated as underlying mechanisms. A meta-analysis of effects across studies ( N = 633) revealed MCEs (1) improve primary attitudes ( r = .19), (2) improve, albeit more weakly, similar secondary attitudes ( r = .10), but have no significant effect on dissimilar secondary attitudes ( r = .07); (3) have no effect on ingroup reappraisal ( r = .04), and (4) only improve secondary attitudes through attitude generalization. Contributions, limitations, and emerging questions regarding deprovincialization are discussed.