bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reintroduction of illegally extracted Melocactus violaceus (Cactaceae) in Brazil
Authors: Caitano Haissa de Abreu , Dutra Valquíria Ferreira , Valadares Rodrigo Theófilo , Calazans Luana Silva Braucks 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCactaceae is one of the most threatened plant families, in part as a result of the illegal extraction of plants for ornamental use. However, reports of the seizure and reintroduction of cacti are scarce and do not include species of Melocactus, the genus of Cactaceae in Brazil that has the highest number of threatened species. The coroa-de-frade Melocactus violaceus is endemic to Brazil and categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. We report the seizure of 37 individuals of coroa-de-frade extracted illegally from their natural habitat, the results of their reintroduction to Paulo César Vinha State Park, in Espírito Santo state, Brazil, and provide information for environmental monitoring agencies regarding how to proceed in seizure cases, with the goal of minimizing the impacts of this illegal practice on the species. After seizure, 25 individuals were cultivated in a greenhouse and 12 were reintroduced in restinga, the natural area of occurrence of the species. After 6 months, survival was 76% for those individuals cultivated in the greenhouse and 84% for those planted in restinga, showing that rapid reintroduction of species with ornamental appeal, preferentially in their natural habitat, can reduce the impacts of illegal extraction. This reintroduction protocol can be used by managers of conservation units, contributing to the maintenance of threatened cactus species in their natural habitat.
Ranking the Regimes in Aristotle'sPolitics: The Four-Principles Approach
Authors: Mittiga Ross 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThere is a long-standing debate over which constitution Aristotle regards as best in thePolitics. I attempt to clarify his view by reconstructing four principles he uses to assess constitutions, in both ideal and more ordinary circumstances: (i) the supremacy-of-virtue principle, (ii) the more-virtuous-citizens-are-better-than-fewer principle, (iii) the equality principle, and (iv) the stability principle. I apply these principles to defend a rank ordering of constitutions, which situates the ideal aristocracy of books 7 and 8 at the top, and tyranny, along with unmixed forms of democracy and oligarchy, at the bottom.
Introduction: mobilizing nostalgia in Asia
Authors: Nakano Ryoko 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhat is the role of nostalgia in our increasingly dynamic and interconnected world? This special issue,Mobilizing Nostalgia in Asia, assesses the mobilization of nostalgia in the changing international order, and within individuated socioeconomic and cultural spheres. Its four articles examine the political and social dynamics that evoke, utilize, amend, and manipulate nostalgia for collective present needs and demands. This Introduction connects the issue's four contributions to three interconnected themes: the power of nostalgia, the plurality of nostalgia, and nostalgia as a process of creation.
Potted tropical ornamental tolerance to multiple PRE herbicides
Authors: Boyd Nathan S. , Steed Shawn 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWeeds are difficult to control in potted tropical ornamentals, especially when plants are kept for extended time periods at a nursery. Management is complicated by the lack of tolerance data for many tropical species. Experiments were conducted in 2015, 2016, and 2017 at the Gulf Coast Research and Education Center in Balm, FL, to evaluate tolerance of stromanthe, croton, philodendron, arbicola, cordyline, ixora, plumbago, allamanda, bird-of-paradise, firebush, and hibiscus to granular applications of indaziflam, flumioxazin, pendimethalin + oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin + dimethenamid-P, trifluralin + oxyfluorfen + isoxaben, and trifluralin + isoxaben, and liquid applications of prodiamine + isoxaben and dimethenamid-P. Indaziflam, pendimethalin + oxyfluorfen, and trifluralin + oxyfluorfen + isoxabin were safe for use on all evaluated ornamentals except stromanthe. Dimethenamid-P and pendimethalin + oxyfluorfen were safe on all evaluated ornamentals except allamanda. Flumioxazin damaged philodendron and bird-of-paradise but was safe on all other ornamentals tested. Trifluralin + isoxaben and prodiamine + isoxaben were safe on hibiscus, firebush, and bird-of-paradise, but prodiamine + isoxaben damaged allamanda. We have identified multiple PRE herbicides that can safely be used on multiple tropical ornamentals grown in containers.
Observational Constraints on the Response of High‐Latitude Northern Forests to Warming
Authors: Liu Junjie , Wennberg Paul O. , Parazoo Nicholas C. , Yin Yi , Frankenberg Christian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSince the 1960s, carbon cycling in the high‐latitude northern forest (HLNF) has experienced dramatic changes: Most of the forest is greening and net carbon uptake from the atmosphere has increased. During the same time period, the CO2 seasonal cycle amplitude (SCA) has increased by ~50% or more. Disentangling complex processes that drive these changes has been challenging. In this study, we substitute spatial sensitivity to temperature for time to quantify the impact of temperature increase on gross primary production (GPP), total ecosystem respiration (TER), the fraction of Photosynthetic Active Radiation (fPAR), and the resulted contribution of these changes in amplifying the CO2 SCA over the HLNF since 1960s. We use the spatial heterogeneity of GPP inferred from solar‐induced chlorophyll Fluorescence in combination with net ecosystem exchange (NEE) inferred from column CO2 observations made between 2015 and 2017 from NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory‐2. We find that three quarters of the spatial variations in GPP can be explained by the spatial variation in the growing season mean temperature (GSMT). The long term hindcast captures both the magnitude and spatial variability of the trends in observed fPAR. We estimate that between 1960 and 2010, the increase in GSMT enhanced both GPP and the SCA of NEE by ~20%. The calculated enhancement of NEE due to increase in GSMT contributes 56–72% of the trend in the CO2 SCA at high latitudes, much larger than simulations by most biogeochemical models.
Whump, Slosh, Slosh, Slosh—Filling the Crater That Did in the Dinosaurs
Authors: Norris Richard 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDrilling into the Chicxulub crater (Yucatan, Mexico) reveals the dramatic aftermath of the dinosaur‐killing meteorite impact. Previous views of this event have mainly come from places well away from Ground Zero, where we see the extinction of ~70% of life, the fallout of a globe‐spanning ejecta cloud, and the slumps and tsunamis that accompanied one of the biggest terrestrial earthquakes ever. The new view from the crater in a drill core records the collapse of the shattered and melted crater walls, the flood of the ocean back into the submarine crater, and the formation of hot vents over the pool of melt rock. The record shows that decades to centuries after the impact, the calm tropical marine lake was taken over by red tides and animals that colonized the previously sterile crater floor. The exact timing of appearance of the first newly evolved species is hard to pin down but probably occurred within a few centuries to several millennia based on evidence from the intensity of burrowing and estimates of sedimentation rates.
Measured and Simulated Carbon Dynamics in Midwestern U.S. Corn‐Soybean Rotations
Authors: Dold C. , Wacha K. M. , Sauer T. J. , Hatfield J. L. , Prueger J. H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCorn (Zea maysL.) and soybean (Glycine max[L.] Merr.) production dominate Midwestern U.S. agriculture and impact the regional carbon and nitrogen cycles. Sustaining soil carbon is important for corn‐soybean production (CS); however, quantifying soil carbon changes requires long‐term field measurements and/or model simulations. In this study, changes in soil organic (SOC), inorganic (SIC), and total (TC) carbon; pH; total nitrogen (TN); and net ecosystem production (NEP) were measured in a conventional corn‐soybean rotation in central Iowa. Soil samples (n = 42; 0–120 cm depth) were collected from two adjacent fields in 2005 and 2016. Eddy‐flux stations set up in the fields continuously monitored NEP from 2005–2016, and net biome production (NBP) was calculated using yield records. The DayCENT model was used to simulate the effects of conventional management practices on soil carbon and calibrated with field‐measured NEP and SOC. Measured soil TC (0–120 cm) decreased by −14.19 ± 6.25 Mg ha−1, with highest reductions in SOC and SIC (p < 0.05) at 0–15 and 90–120 cm, respectively. Measured TN decreased by −0.7 ± 0.29 Mg ha−1with N‐accumulation at 60–90 cm (p < 0.05). Eddy‐flux NBP decreased by −13.19 ± 0.05 Mg ha−1. Soil and eddy‐flux records show a carbon reduction by −1.14 ± 0.63 and −1.20 ± 0.06 Mg ha−1 yr−1, respectively. The validated DayCENT model suggests that all SOC pools declined. We postulate that conventional CS production has adverse effects on C and N dynamics in Midwestern United States.
Carbon Dioxide Partial Pressure and Emission Throughout the Scandinavian Stream Network
Authors: Martinsen Kenneth Thorø , Kragh Theis , Sand‐Jensen Kaj 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStream networks transport and emit substantial volumes of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. We gathered open monitoring data from streams in three Scandinavian countries and estimated CO2partial pressure (pCO2) at 2,298 sites. Most of the sites (87%) were supersaturated when averaged across the year with an overall mean pCO2of 1,464 μatm (range: 17–15,646). Using remote sensing data, we modeled a realistic stream network including streams above ~2.5 m wide and calculated catchment averages of multiple variables associated with geomorphometry, stream network proximity, and land cover. We compared the ability of eight machine learning models to predict pCO2and found that the Random Forest model achieved the highest accuracy, with a root‐mean‐square error of 0.22 (log10(pCO2)) andR2of 0.66. Mean catchment elevation, slope, and permanent water cover were the most important predictor variables. We used the predictive model to create a high‐resolution (25‐m resolution) map with predicted stream pCO2throughout the 268.807 km stream network in Denmark, Sweden, and Finland. Predicted pCO2averaged 1,134 μatm (range: 154–8,174). We used surface runoff, air temperature, and stream channel slope to estimate gas transfer velocity and CO2flux throughout the network. Mean stream CO2fluxes ranged from 1.0 and 1.2 in Sweden and Finland, respectively, 3 to 3.2 g C m−2 day−1in Denmark. Better‐performing models improve our ability to predict pCO2in stream networks and reduce the uncertainty of upscaling estimates of carbon emissions from inland waters to countries and continents.
Tectonics of the Papua‐Woodlark Region
Authors: Benyshek Elizabeth K. , Taylor Brian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Papua‐Woodlark region exemplifies many plate tectonic processes, from active continental breakup to double plunging subduction zones. We present a synthesis of geological and geophysical data from the region and interpret these data to characterize the present plate boundaries. A subducted slab shown to underlie the Trobriand forearc is associated with the Papuan volcanic arc and the diapiric emplacement of felsic gneissic domes in the Woodlark rift from previously subducted continental materials in the mantle wedge. In contrast, the Suckling‐Dayman metamorphic core complex formed in the footwall of the Mai'iu extensional detachment, augmented by calc‐alkaline and high‐K magmatic intrusion and uplift. Utilizing Global Positioning System relative velocities, transform fault azimuths, ridge axis azimuths, and two fault slip directions, we derive a plate kinematic model for the Australia, Woodlark, Trobriand, and Solomon Sea plates to describe the neotectonics and provide insight to the past tectonics. We present two cases—with and without subduction at the Trobriand Trough—and favor the former based on our characterization of the plate boundaries. Our model estimates current Trobriand subduction rates of 4.5–4.7 mm/yr with obliquity increasing westwards, and full spreading rates, increasing eastwards along the Woodlark Basin spreading center, of 20–40 mm/yr. Based on seafloor morphology, we further estimate the time of the change in the pole of the Woodlark Basin opening at 450 Ka followed by a decrease in spreading rate and complete reorientation of the spreading axis fabric at 200 Ka.
Understanding the Spatial Organization of Simultaneous Heavy Precipitation Events Over the Conterminous United States
Authors: Najibi Nasser , Mazor Ariel , Devineni Naresh , Mossel Carolien , Booth James F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe introduce the idea of simultaneous heavy precipitation events (SHPEs) to understand whether extreme precipitation has a spatial organization manifested as specified tracks or contiguous fields with inherent scaling relationships. For this purpose, we created a database of SHPEs using ground‐based precipitation observations recorded by the daily Global Historical Climatology Network across the conterminous United States during 1900–2014. SHPEs are examined for their seasonality, spatial manifestation, orientation, and areal extent. We quantified the spatial distribution of the centroids and principal axes of SHPEs and their quasi‐elliptical manifestations, azimuthal orientations, and areal extents on the ground. Four seasons, December‐January‐February (DJF), March‐April‐May (MAM), June‐July‐August (JJA), and September‐October‐November (SON) are considered to examine the spatial patterns and associated large‐scale atmospheric circulations. Results indicate that there are 54, 58, 103, and 204 SHPEs in DJF, MAM, JJA, and SON seasons, and their longest stretches range on average between 650 and 1,600, between 850 and 1,500, between 950 and 1,550, and between 750 and 1,450 km, respectively. SHPEs in the DJF, MAM, and JJA seasons occur mostly over the Pacific coast and central and midwestern United States, respectively. The atmospheric circulation patterns and mechanisms of precipitable water vapor and moisture transport in the atmosphere are also discussed in relation to these SHPEs. Power laws explain SHPEs' underlying area scaling behavior in all the four seasons, with stronger evidence in DJF and MAM. A seasonal spatial risk model is developed to predict the likelihood of SHPEs. Quantifying the characteristics of SHPEs and modeling their footprints can improve the projections of flood risk and understanding of damages to interconnected infrastructure systems.
Adding cetuximab to paclitaxel and carboplatin for first-line treatment of carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP): results of the Phase 2 AIO trial PACET-CUP
Authors:   Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie (AIO) - CUP Group, Folprecht Gunnar , Trautmann Karolin , Stein Alexander , Huebner Gerdt , Stahl Michael , Kasper Stefan , Kretzschmar Albrecht , Köhne Claus-Henning , Grünwald Viktor , Hofheinz Ralf-Dieter , Schütte Katharina , Löffler Harald , Bokemeyer Carsten , Krämer Alwin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Patients with carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) have a dismal prognosis, even when treated with multi-agent chemotherapy. We hypothesised that adding the epidermal growth-factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor cetuximab to standard first-line chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin would improve PFS and RR in unfavourable CUP.

Methods
This open-labelled, multicentre Phase 2 study included patients with unfavourable, untreated adeno- or undifferentiated CUP. Patients were randomised to receive either paclitaxel/carboplatin (group A) or paclitaxel/carboplatin plus cetuximab (group B) every 3 weeks for a maximum of 6 cycles followed by cetuximab maintenance in group B. The primary endpoint was PFS in the two groups. Secondary endpoints were RR, toxicity and overall survival (OS).

Results
One-hundred-and-fifty patients were randomised (group A = 72, group B = 78). The median PFS and OS for all patients were 3.8 and 8.1 months (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.9–4.8 and 6.8–9.5). There was no significant difference in PFS (3.7 vs 4.6 months, HR 0.98) or OS (8.1 vs 7.4, HR 1.1) between the two treatment groups. Response rate tended to be better for chemotherapy plus cetuximab compared to chemotherapy alone (22% vs 15%). Adverse events grade ≥3 were comparable between the two groups, except for significantly increased skin toxicity in the cetuximab arm.

Conclusions
Cetuximab plus paclitaxel/carboplatin did not improve PFS, OS and RR in metastatic CUP compared to paclitaxel/carboplatin alone. Addition of cetuximab resulted in additional skin toxicity.

Clinical trial registration
The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00894569.
The genetic architecture of sporadic and multiple consecutive miscarriage
Authors: Laisk Triin , Soares Ana Luiza G. , Ferreira Teresa , Painter Jodie N. , Censin Jenny C. , Laber Samantha , Bacelis Jonas , Chen Chia-Yen , Lepamets Maarja , Lin Kuang , Liu Siyang , Millwood Iona Y. , Ramu Avinash , Southcombe Jennifer , Andersen Marianne S. , Yang Ling , Becker Christian M. , Børglum Anders D. , Gordon Scott D. , Bybjerg-Grauholm Jonas , Helgeland Øyvind , Hougaard David M. , Jin Xin , Johansson Stefan , Juodakis Julius , Kartsonaki Christiana , Kukushkina Viktorija , Lind Penelope A. , Metspalu Andres , Montgomery Grant W. , Morris Andrew P. , Mors Ole , Mortensen Preben B. , Njølstad Pål R. , Nordentoft Merete , Nyholt Dale R. , Lippincott Margaret , Seminara Stephanie , Salumets Andres , Snieder Harold , Zondervan Krina , Werge Thomas , Chen Zhengming , Conrad Donald F. , Jacobsson Bo , Li Liming , Martin Nicholas G. , Neale Benjamin M. , Nielsen Rasmus , Walters Robin G. , Granne Ingrid , Medland Sarah E. , Mägi Reedik , Lawlor Deborah A. , Lindgren Cecilia M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMiscarriage is a common, complex trait affecting ~15% of clinically confirmed pregnancies. Here we present the results of large-scale genetic association analyses with 69,054 cases from five different ancestries for sporadic miscarriage, 750 cases of European ancestry for multiple (≥3) consecutive miscarriage, and up to 359,469 female controls. We identify one genome-wide significant association (rs146350366, minor allele frequency (MAF) 1.2%, P = 3.2 × 10−8, odds ratio (OR) = 1.4) for sporadic miscarriage in our European ancestry meta-analysis and three genome-wide significant associations for multiple consecutive miscarriage (rs7859844, MAF = 6.4%, P = 1.3 × 10−8, OR = 1.7; rs143445068, MAF = 0.8%, P = 5.2 × 10−9, OR = 3.4; rs183453668, MAF = 0.5%, P = 2.8 × 10−8, OR = 3.8). We further investigate the genetic architecture of miscarriage with biobank-scale Mendelian randomization, heritability, and genetic correlation analyses. Our results show that miscarriage etiopathogenesis is partly driven by genetic variation potentially related to placental biology, and illustrate the utility of large-scale biobank data for understanding this pregnancy complication.
Vibrational couplings and energy transfer pathways of water’s bending mode
Authors: Yu Chun-Chieh , Chiang Kuo-Yang , Okuno Masanari , Seki Takakazu , Ohto Tatsuhiko , Yu Xiaoqing , Korepanov Vitaly , Hamaguchi Hiro-o , Bonn Mischa , Hunger Johannes , Nagata Yuki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCoupling between vibrational modes is essential for energy transfer and dissipation in condensed matter. For water, different O-H stretch modes are known to be very strongly coupled both within and between water molecules, leading to ultrafast dissipation and delocalization of vibrational energy. In contrast, the information on the vibrational coupling of the H-O-H bending mode of water is lacking, even though the bending mode is an essential intermediate for the energy relaxation pathway from the stretch mode to the heat bath. By combining static and femtosecond infrared, Raman, and hyper-Raman spectroscopies for isotopically diluted water with ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, we find the vibrational coupling of the bending mode differs significantly from the stretch mode: the intramode intermolecular coupling of the bending mode is very weak, in stark contrast to the stretch mode. Our results elucidate the vibrational energy transfer pathways of water. Specifically, the librational motion is essential for the vibrational energy relaxation and orientational dynamics of H-O-H bending mode.
Designed CXCR4 mimic acts as a soluble chemokine receptor that blocks atherogenic inflammation by agonist-specific targeting
Authors: Kontos Christos , El Bounkari Omar , Krammer Christine , Sinitski Dzmitry , Hille Kathleen , Zan Chunfang , Yan Guangyao , Wang Sijia , Gao Ying , Brandhofer Markus , Megens Remco T. A. , Hoffmann Adrian , Pauli Jessica , Asare Yaw , Gerra Simona , Bourilhon Priscila , Leng Lin , Eckstein Hans-Henning , Kempf Wolfgang E. , Pelisek Jaroslav , Gokce Ozgun , Maegdefessel Lars , Bucala Richard , Dichgans Martin , Weber Christian , Kapurniotu Aphrodite , Bernhagen Jürgen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTargeting a specific chemokine/receptor axis in atherosclerosis remains challenging. Soluble receptor-based strategies are not established for chemokine receptors due to their discontinuous architecture. Macrophage migration-inhibitory factor (MIF) is an atypical chemokine that promotes atherosclerosis through CXC-motif chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4). However, CXCR4/CXCL12 interactions also mediate atheroprotection. Here, we show that constrained 31-residue-peptides (‘msR4Ms’) designed to mimic the CXCR4-binding site to MIF, selectively bind MIF with nanomolar affinity and block MIF/CXCR4 without affecting CXCL12/CXCR4. We identify msR4M-L1, which blocks MIF- but not CXCL12-elicited CXCR4 vascular cell activities. Its potency compares well with established MIF inhibitors, whereas msR4M-L1 does not interfere with cardioprotective MIF/CD74 signaling. In vivo-administered msR4M-L1 enriches in atherosclerotic plaques, blocks arterial leukocyte adhesion, and inhibits atherosclerosis and inflammation in hyperlipidemic Apoe−/− mice in vivo. Finally, msR4M-L1 binds to MIF in plaques from human carotid-endarterectomy specimens. Together, we establish an engineered GPCR-ectodomain-based mimicry principle that differentiates between disease-exacerbating and -protective pathways and chemokine-selectively interferes with atherosclerosis.
The Hsp70-Hsp90 co-chaperone Hop/Stip1 shifts the proteostatic balance from folding towards degradation
Authors: Bhattacharya Kaushik , Weidenauer Lorenz , Luengo Tania Morán , Pieters Ellis C. , Echeverría Pablo C. , Bernasconi Lilia , Wider Diana , Sadian Yashar , Koopman Margreet B. , Villemin Matthieu , Bauer Christoph , Rüdiger Stefan G. D. , Quadroni Manfredo , Picard Didier 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHop/Stip1/Sti1 is thought to be essential as a co-chaperone to facilitate substrate transfer between the Hsp70 and Hsp90 molecular chaperones. Despite this proposed key function for protein folding and maturation, it is not essential in a number of eukaryotes and bacteria lack an ortholog. We set out to identify and to characterize its eukaryote-specific function. Human cell lines and the budding yeast with deletions of the Hop/Sti1 gene display reduced proteasome activity due to inefficient capping of the core particle with regulatory particles. Unexpectedly, knock-out cells are more proficient at preventing protein aggregation and at promoting protein refolding. Without the restraint by Hop, a more efficient folding activity of the prokaryote-like Hsp70-Hsp90 complex, which can also be demonstrated in vitro, compensates for the proteasomal defect and ensures the proteostatic equilibrium. Thus, cells may act on the level and/or activity of Hop to shift the proteostatic balance between folding and degradation.