bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy decisions within an applied ethics framework: an analysis of five recent controversies
Authors: Bethem Jacob , Frigo Giovanni , Biswas Saurabh , DesRoches C. Tyler , Pasqualetti Martin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEverywhere in the world, and in every period of human history, it has been common for energy decisions to be made in an ethically haphazard manner. With growing population pressure and increasing demand for energy, this approach is no longer viable. We believe that decision makers must include ethical considerations in energy decisions more routinely and systematically. To this end, we propose an applied ethics framework that accommodates principles from three classical ethical theories—virtue ethics, deontology, consequentialism, and two Native American ethics (Lakota and Navajo)—all considered from the perspectives of the impacted communities. We illustrate this framework by evaluating five recent energy decisions: the Dakota Access Pipeline, the Navajo Nation’s possible transition from coal to solar, hydraulic fracturing in Pennsylvania, uranium mining in Virginia, and the construction of the Xiaolangdi Dam in China. An applied ethics framework is preferable to existing ethical analyses because it can serve to sharpen arguments for (un)ethical decisions and action. Rather than treat ethical reasoning as a matter of opinion, we argue that applying ethical principles in a universal and standardized way adds rigor to energy sector decisions by presenting a position available for objective scrutiny. Because our framework identifies which aspects of a targeted action (if any) must adjust to improve ethical merit, it can serve as a practical tool for improving decision-making as we enter a new era of energy transitions.
Mechanical Response of Barricade to Coupled THMC Behavior of Cemented Paste Backfill
Authors: Wu Di , Hou Wentao , Liu Shuai , Liu Huaibin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCemented paste backfill (CPB), which is prepared by mixing tailings, binder and water, is widely used in underground mines for waste management and ground control. Since the CPB is delivered into mined-out areas in the form of fluid, a barricade needs to be constructed for retaining it during the process of its filling and hardening. Therefore, the barricade should have enough mechanical stability to ensure the safety of the backfill operation. The behavior of CPB, which is influenced by the thermal, hydraulic, mechanical and chemical (THMC) coupled processes, acts on the barricade and thus affects its mechanical response. In the present study, a numerical model is developed to predict and analyze the barricade mechanical performance in response to the coupled THMC behavior of CPB. The validity of the proposed model is then verified against two field case studies. Acceptable agreement between the model prediction results and in situ monitoring data proves the capability of the developed model in simulating the barricade pressure and displacement. Then, the validated model is used to investigate the effect of filling strategy on the barricade displacement. The obtained results can contribute to a better understanding of the barricade performance under various backfill conditions.
Non-traumatic abdominal pain: assessment of diagnostic value of MDCT enterography in small bowel diseases—a retrospective study
Authors: Shokralla Sally Y. , Amin Farid G. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Because of its unique anatomy, overlap of its loops, and its continuous peristaltic motion, imaging of the small bowel is a big challenge. Non-traumatic abdominal pain of small bowel origin includes a spectrum of medical and surgical conditions ranging from minor to life-threatening conditions. Accurate diagnosis of these diseases is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality. The aim of our study is to assess the role of MDCT enterography in evaluation and diagnosis of different small bowel causes of non-traumatic abdominal pain.

Results
Data analysis of 47 patients’ files included in this study revealed a high diagnostic accuracy of MDCTE in diagnosing variable small bowel-related pathologies that were confirmed histopathologically.

Conclusion
MDCTE can be used as a reliable diagnostic imaging modality for the detection of small bowel diseases. However, operative data and tissue biopsy are still the confirmatory methods for diagnosis.
Skeletal Muscle ACSL Isoforms Relate to Measures of Fat Metabolism in Humans
Authors: STIERWALT HARRISON D. , EHRLICHER SARAH E. , ROBINSON MATTHEW M. , NEWSOM SEAN A. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Evidence from model systems implicates long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase (ACSL) as key regulators of skeletal muscle fat oxidation and fat storage; however, such roles remain underexplored in humans.

Purpose
We sought to determine the protein expression of ACSL isoforms in skeletal muscle at rest and in response to acute exercise and identify relationships between skeletal muscle ACSL and measures of fat metabolism in humans.

Methods
Sedentary adults (n = 14 [4 males and 10 females], body mass index = 22.2 ± 2.1 kg·m−2, V˙O2max = 32.2 ± 4.5 mL·kg−1⋅min−1) completed two study visits. Trials were identical other than completing 1 h of cycling exercise (65% V˙O2max) or remaining sedentary. Vastus lateralis biopsies were obtained 15-min postexercise (or rest) and 2-h postexercise to determine ACSL protein abundance. Whole-body fat oxidation was assessed at rest and during exercise using indirect calorimetry. Skeletal muscle triacylglycerol (TAG) was measured via lipidomic analysis.

Results
We detected protein expression for four of the five known ACSL isoforms in human skeletal muscle. ACSL protein abundances were largely unaltered in the hours after exercise aside from a transient increase in ACSL5 15-min postexercise (P = 0.01 vs rest). Skeletal muscle ACSL1 protein abundance tended to be positively related with whole-body fat oxidation during exercise (P = 0.07, r = 0.53), when skeletal muscle accounts for the majority of energy expenditure. No such relationship between ACSL1 and fat oxidation was observed at rest. Skeletal muscle ACSL6 protein abundance was positively associated with muscle TAG content at rest (P = 0.05, r = 0.57).

Conclusion
Most ACSL protein isoforms can be detected in human skeletal muscle, with minimal changes in abundance after acute exercise. Our findings agree with those from model systems implicating ACSL1 and ACSL6 as possible determinants of fat oxidation and fat storage within skeletal muscle.
Agreement between B-Mode Ultrasound and Air Displacement Plethysmography in Preprofessional Ballet Dancers
Authors: CHANDLER ALEXA J. , CINTINEO HARRY P. , SANDERS DAVID J. , MCFADDEN BRIDGET A. , ARENT MICHELLE A. , MONACO ROBERT , ARENT SHAWN M. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Body composition assessments are useful for practitioners to monitor overall athlete health and nutritional status, particularly in aesthetic and weight-class sports that emphasize ideal body weight standards. Portable and accurate measurement tools are especially important for these assessments. Ultrasound has the potential to provide portable body composition assessments, but accuracy must be further studied.

Purpose
This study aimed to assess the agreement between B-mode ultrasound and air displacement plethysmography (ADP) body composition results in preprofessional ballet dancers.

Methods
Male (n = 21, Mage = 17.2 ± 1.7 yr, MBMI = 20.5 ± 2.0 kg·m−2) and female (n = 27, Mage = 16.1 ± 1.4 yr, MBMI = 18.3 ± 1.3 kg·m−2) dancers were assessed by ADP and ultrasound to determine body fat percentage (%BF), fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM). Pearson’s correlations were used to assess agreement, and paired t-tests were used to determine differences between devices (α = 0.05). Ultrasound validity was assessed using SEE and total error. Bland–Altman plots were used to identify 95% limits of agreement.

Results
Agreement was high for %BF (females, r = 0.94; males, r = 0.77), FM (females, r = 0.94; males, r = 0.73), and FFM (females, r = 0.95; males, r = 0.99). However, ultrasound overestimated %BF and FM and underestimated FFM (P < 0.05) compared with ADP in females only. In addition, there were stronger agreement and lower error for FFM compared with both %BF and FM regardless of sex.

Conclusion
There is strong agreement between ultrasound and ADP in this population. Although ultrasound may be a useful field tool to assess body composition, future research is needed to refine %BF equations in this population to reduce calculation errors.
Association of serum osteoprotegerin with severity of chronic liver disease in female patients: A potential biomarker
Authors: Tariq Saba , Tariq Sundus , Hussain Shaista , Baig Mukhtiar 
Published: August 2020

Objective: To determine the association of serum osteoprotegerin (OPG) with the severity of chronic liver disease in female patients.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted in Madina Teaching Hospital from 2019-2020.An institutional review board of University Medical and Dental College, The University of Faisalabad gave the approval to conduct the study. Only female patients of age group 40 to 60 years having CLD were included in this study. Total 80 participants were enrolled after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Serum OPG levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) supplied by ELAB Sciences, USA. The severity of disease was assessed by Child-Pugh classification.
Results: OPG levels were significantly different between the three Child-Pugh classes. OPG levels were significantly high in class C indicating increased level of this cytokine in CLD as compared to class A (p = <0.05). There was a positive association of OPG with splenomegaly (OR = 2.10, p = <0.001), hepatomegaly (OR = 4.41, (p = < 0.05), skin pigmentation (OR = 2.06, p = <0.05), malena (OR = 1.87, p = <0.05) and prolonged bleeding (OR = 1.86, p = <0.05).
Conclusion: The levels of serum Osteoprotegerin is increased in severe form of chronic liver disease (Class C) of Child-Pughs classification as compared to mild (Class A) and moderate (Class B) forms of Child-Pughs classification.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2678
How to cite this:Tariq S, Tariq S, Hussain S, Baig M. Association of serum osteoprotegerin with severity of chronic liver disease in female patients: A potential biomarker. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(6):1325-1329. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2678
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
All the right moves: why in utero transfer is both important for the baby and difficult to achieve and new strategies for change
Authors: Watson Helena , McLaren James , Carlisle Naomi , Ratnavel Nandiran , Watts Tim , Zaima Ahmed , Tribe Rachel M. , Shennan Andrew H. 
Published: August 2020

The best way to ensure that preterm infants benefit from relevant neonatal expertise as soon as they are born is to transfer the mother and baby to an appropriately specialised neonatal facility before birth (“in utero”). This review explores the evidence surrounding the importance of being born in the right unit, the advantages of in utero transfers compared to ex utero transfers, and how to accurately assess which women are at most risk of delivering early and the challenges of in utero transfers. Accurate identification of the women most at risk of preterm birth is key to prioritising who to transfer antenatally, but the administrative burden and pathway variation of in utero transfer in the UK are likely to compromise optimal clinical care. Women reported the impact that in utero transfers have on them, including the emotional and financial burdens of being transferred and the anxiety surrounding domestic and logistical concerns related to being away from home. The final section of the review explores new approaches to reforming the in utero transfer process, including learning from outside the UK and changing policy and guidelines. Examples of collaborative regional guidance include the recent Pan-London guidance on in utero transfers. Reforming the transfer process can also be aided through technology, such as utilising the CotFinder app. In utero transfer is an unavoidable aspect of maternity and neonatal care, and the burden will increase if preterm birth rates continue to rise in association with increased rates of multiple pregnancy, advancing maternal age, assisted reproductive technologies, and obstetric interventions. As funding and capacity pressures on health services increase because of the COVID-19 pandemic, better prioritisation and sustained multi-disciplinary commitment are essential to maximise better outcomes for babies born too soon.
Entomological indicators of malaria transmission and insecticide resistance profile of Anopheles gambiae at the early phase of irrigated rice farming in the forest area of central Cameroon
Authors: Elanga-Ndille Emmanuel , Binyang Achille , Ndo Cyrille , Assatse Tatiane , Nouage Lynda , Tchouakui Magellan , Tene-Fossog Billy , Kekeunou Sevilor , Wondji Charles S. 
Published: August 2020

Background:Cameroonian authorities have recently established irrigated rice projects across the country. The assessment of the impact of such projects in the transmission of vector-borne diseases, such as malaria, imposes to compare the situation before and after their implementation in a given locality. In Bankeng, a village in a forest area in Cameroon, no preliminary data on malaria transmission indicators was collected before the implantation of irrigated rice farming. To attempt to catch up for this shortcoming 6 months after the first rice seedlings were sown., the present study aimed to generate data which could serve as a baseline to assess the impact of irrigated rice farming in Bankeng.Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed at the end of the rainy season in July 2018. Mosquitoes were sampled by night collections on human volunteers, identified morphologically and members of different complexes further sorted to species using molecular tools.Plasmodiuminfectious status was determined by Taqman genotyping. To assess resistance profile to insecticides, WHO bioassays were performed using two-to-five days old femalesAn. gambiaes.l. reared from larval collections in Bankeng. Furthermore, the molecular basis of resistance were investigatedResults:An. gambiaes.l represented 98% of the 1087 mosquitoes collected withAnopheles gambiaeas the predominant species. The total human biting rate was 44.5 bites/person/night. Entomological inoculation rate was 3.8 ib/p/n. The BankengAn. gambiaepopulation exhibited a high level of resistance to almost all insecticides except to organophosphates with a high frequency of L1014F kdr mutation (93.9%) and a 6-fold over-expression ofCYP6P3P450 gene. Conclusion: In the absence of preliminary data before the implementation of the irrigated rice fields; the present study provides interesting data which could help for the future assessment of the impact of irrigated rice cultivation on malaria transmission in the locality of Bankeng.
The Born in Bradford COVID-19 Research Study: Protocol for an adaptive mixed methods research study to gather actionable intelligence on the impact of COVID-19 on health inequalities amongst families living in Bradford
Authors: McEachan Rosemary R C , Dickerson Josie , Bridges Sally , Bryant Maria , Cartwright Christopher , Islam Shahid , Lockyer Bridget , Rahman Aamnah , Sheard Laura , West Jane , Lawlor Deborah A. , Sheldon Trevor A. , Wright John , Pickett Kate E. ,   on behalf of the Bradford Institute for Health Research COVID-19 Scientific Advisory Group
Published: August 2020

The UK COVID-19 lockdown has included restricting social movement and interaction to slow the spread of disease and reduce demand on NHS acute services. It is likely that the impacts of restrictions will hit the least advantaged disproportionately and will worsen existing structural inequalities amongst deprived and ethnic minority groups. The aim of this study is to deliver rapid intelligence to enable an effective COVID-19 response, including co-production of interventions, that address key issues in the City of Bradford, UK, and nationally. In the longer term we aim to understand the impacts of the response on health trajectories and inequalities in these. In this paper we describe our approach and protocol. We plan an adaptive longitudinal mixed methods approach embedded with Born in Bradford (BiB) birth cohorts which have rich existing data (including questionnaire, routine health and biobank). All work packages (WP) interact and are ongoing. WP1 uses co-production and engagement methods with communities, decision-makers and researchers to continuously set (changing) research priorities and will, longer-term, co-produce interventions to aid the City’s recovery. In WP2 repeated quantitative surveys will be administered during lockdown (April-June 2020), with three repeat surveys until 12 months post-lockdown with an ethnically diverse pool of BiB participants (parents, children aged 9-13 years, pregnant women: total sample pool N=7,652, N=5,154, N=1,800). A range of health, social, economic and education outcomes will be assessed. In WP3 priority topics identified in WP1 and WP2 will be explored qualitatively. Initial priority topics include children’s mental wellbeing, health beliefs and the peri/post-natal period. Feedback loops will ensure findings are fed directly to decision-makers and communities (via WP1) to enable co-production of acceptable interventions and identify future priority topic areas. Findings will be used to aid development of local and national policy to support recovery from the pandemic and minimise health inequalities.
Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera como instrumentos de gestión empresarial y control gerencial: más allá de una función en contabilidad
Authors: Reyes Maldonado Nydia Marcela , Chaparro García Fernando , Guerrero Barajas Andrés Hernando 
Published: August 2020

Los gerentes de las empresas juegan un rol fundamental en la aplicación exitosa de las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera. Utilizar las NIIF como instrumento de gestión y control debería ser algo evidente, pero al parecer su uso se sigue limitando a fines contables. En efecto, esta situación ha llevado a estudiar la percepción que tienen los gerentes colombianos respecto a sus responsabilidades frente a las NIIF y si aceptan que las mismas se usarán para evaluar su gestión. En este sentido, se procedió a diseñar un instrumento que considerara todas las responsabilidades que están relacionadas con la administración de las entidades contenidas en las NIIF. De este análisis surgieron 33 variables que fueron puestas a consideración de 100 gerentes quienes mediante una escala de Likert dieron su opinión. Utilizando un análisis factorial se determinaron 5 grupos de variables que obedecen a las principales responsabilidades de la gerencia frente a las NIIF, donde los resultados mostraron que los gerentes entrevistados no ejercen la gran mayoría de sus funciones bajo las normas y que están en desacuerdo con que las mismas se utilicen para evaluar la gestión realizada de los recursos de la entidad.
Coaching en las organizaciones: experiencia en el personal administrativo de salud
Authors: Mejía Chiang César Roberto , Jáuregui Machuca Kety 
Published: August 2020

Las organizaciones del sector salud afrontan problemas de interrelación, estrés y desmotivación del personal, derivados de la complejidad de sus labores, la estructura, los procesos y la cultura interna, en un sistema de salud nacional desarticulado y desorganizado. Para enfrentar estos problemas, la gestión del talento se ha convertido en un elemento que genera valor para crear e impulsar nuevos proyectos, crear un buen clima laboral, dinamizar los servicios y generar satisfacción y fidelidad en los clientes y compromiso con los colaboradores. El coaching se ha convertido en una herramienta útil para establecer un clima laboral propicio para el desempeño productivo de los colaboradores.En este sentido, el propósito de estudio es entender cómo se implementa el coaching en el personal administrativo en una clínica peruana.Los aspectos que más contribuyeron a una implementación efectiva fueron el estilo del programa, la conexión entre el coach y el coachee, los valores y competencias del coach, la presencia de la organización y la percepción sobre la utilidad y la facilidad de aplicación.
Development of the Wound Resource Education Nurse (WREN) programme
Authors: Renwick Caroline 
Published: August 2020

Aim: Managing wounds costs an estimated £5.3 billion a year in the UK. Poor wound care knowledge and a lack of access to specialist practitioners contribute to this expense. A project—the Wound Resource Education Nurse (WREN) programme—was developed to support patient-centred care, effective nursing outcomes and staff satisfaction in relation to wound care. Method: The competency-based WREN programme is open to health professionals, healthcare assistants and tissue viability link nurses who are enthusiastic and willing to develop their tissue viability knowledge and skills. Sessions are delivered on a monthly basis and comprise a mix of didactic teaching, practical sessions and case-based scenarios. Learning is assessed through quizzes and practical assessments at the end of each session and at course completion. Results: Two years after it started, 60 WRENs in an acute trust have completed the programme or are attending sessions. The programme has been rolled out to a mental health trust and district nursing services over 12–18 months, and has been attended by doctors, physiotherapists and other practitioners. Conclusion: The WREN programme has largely been successful, with the mental health trust showing the greatest improvement in practice and care. In all organisations, staff have developed competence and confidence in wound management, facilitating timely, appropriate care and realising cost savings. Although the programme was initially aimed at staff in nursing roles, other professionals have embraced it, so the trusts have a variety of competent practitioners.
Development of a 67.8  W, 2.5  ps ultrafast chirped-pulse amplification system based on single-crystal fiber amplifiers
Authors: Wang Na Na , Li Feng , Wang Xiang Lin , Hu Xiao Hong , Wang Yi Shan , Zhao Wei 
Published: August 2020

We demonstrate a high-power, high-energy chirped-pulse amplification (CPA) system based on three Yb:YAG amplifiers and a chirped-volume Bragg grating (CVBG). With an all-fiber laser as the seed light, a Yb:YAG rod amplifier and two Yb:YAG single-crystal fiber (SCF) amplifiers as the amplification stages, a laser power of 96 W at 200 kHz repetition rate corresponding to a pulse energy of 0.48 mJ has been generated. The stability of different output power has been measured and compared. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on a stable 100 W-level laser with sub-mJ pulse energy based on SCF. The beam quality

M

2

of different output lasers has also been measured, which is below 1.55 when the output power is 92 W. The amplified laser is seeded into the CVBG to be compressed, and a compression efficiency of 0.724 has been obtained with an output power of 67.8 W and pulse duration of 2.5 ps. The ultrafast CPA system delivering high pulse energy (sub-mJ) with hundreds of kHz repetition rate is expected to be used as the driving source of high-flux high-harmonic generation after further compression.