bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No effects of modality in development of locative expressions of space in signing and speaking children
Authors: SÜMER Beyza , ÖZYÜREK Aslı 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLinguistic expressions of locative spatial relations in sign languages are mostly visually motivated representations of space involving mapping of entities and spatial relations between them onto the hands and the signing space. These are also morphologically complex forms. It is debated whether modality-specific aspects of spatial expressions modulate spatial language development differently in signing compared to speaking children. In a picture description task, we compared the use of locative expressions for containment, support, and occlusion relations by deaf children acquiring Turkish Sign Language and hearing children acquiring Turkish (age 3;5–9;11). Unlike previous reports suggesting a boosting effect of iconicity, and/or a hindering effect of morphological complexity of the locative forms in sign languages, our results show similar developmental patterns for signing and speaking children's acquisition of these forms. Our results suggest the primacy of cognitive development guiding the acquisition of locative expressions by speaking and signing children.
Political Values and Life Satisfaction in China
Authors: Liu Xinsheng , Zhang Youlang , Vedlitz Arnold 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study focuses on the theoretical links between two important ingredients of individuals’ fundamental political values (i.e. authoritarian ideology and national attachment) and their life satisfaction assessments in an authoritarian context. We employ data from a 2016 national public survey in China to empirically examine how these political values relate to Chinese citizens’ life satisfaction. Our regression analyses demonstrate that Chinese citizens with stronger authoritarian ideology and national attachment are likely to report a higher level of life satisfaction. Our study contributes to the existing literature by highlighting the importance of the connections between political values and citizen life satisfaction. It also advances our understanding of the origins of social and political stability in authoritarian regimes, where citizen life satisfaction usually represents a major source of state legitimacy.
Research about the optimal strategies for prevention and control of varicella outbreak in a school in a central city of China: based on an SEIR dynamic model
Authors: Zha Wen-ting , Pang Feng-rui , Zhou Nan , Wu Bin , Liu Ying , Du Yan-bing , Hong Xiu-qin , Lv Yuan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Varicella is an acute respiratory infectious diseases, with high transmissibility and quick dissemination. In this study, an SEIR (susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered) dynamic model was established to explore the optimal prevention and control measures according to the epidemiological characteristics about varicella outbreak in a school in a central city of China. Berkeley Madonna 8.3.18 and Microsoft Office Excel 2010 software were employed for the model simulation and data management, respectively. The result showed that the simulated result of SEIR model agreed well with the reported data when β (infected rate) equal to 0.067. Models showed that the cumulative number of cases was only 13 when isolation adopted when the infected individuals were identified (assuming isolation rate was up to 100%); the cumulative number of cases was only two and the TAR (total attack rate) was 0.56% when the vaccination coefficient reached 50%. The cumulative number of cases did not change significantly with the change of efficiency of ventilation and disinfection, but the peak time was delayed; when δ (vaccination coefficient) = 0.1, m (ventilation efficiency) = 0.7 or δ = 0.2, m = 0.5 or δ = 0.3, m = 0.1 or δ = 0.4 and above, the cumulative number of cases would reduce to one case and TAR would reduce to 0.28% with combined interventions. Varicella outbreak in school could be controlled through strict isolation or vaccination singly; combined interventions have been adopted when the vaccination coefficient was low.
Do you believe in magical thinking? Examining magical thinking as a mediator between obsessive-compulsive belief domains and symptoms
Authors: Fite Robert E. , Adut Sarah L. , Magee Joshua C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground:Despite substantial research attention on obsessive beliefs, more research is needed to understand how these beliefs serve as aetiological or maintaining factors for obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms. Magical thinking may allow individuals to gain a sense of control when experiencing intrusive thoughts and corresponding obsessive beliefs, potentially accounting for why OC belief domains are often related to OC symptoms.Aims:This study examines magical thinking as a mediating variable in the relationship between OC belief domains and symptoms.Method:Undergraduate students (n = 284) reported their obsessive beliefs, magical thinking, and OC symptoms.Results:As expected, there were significant indirect effects for the belief domain of inflated responsibility and over-estimation of threat on OC symptoms via magical thinking. There was also an indirect effect for the belief domain of importance and control of thoughts on OC symptoms via magical thinking. Unexpectedly, there was no indirect effect involving the belief domain of perfectionism and intolerance of uncertainty.Conclusions:Magical thinking may be one mechanism through which certain OC beliefs lead to OC symptoms. It may be that magical thinking serves as a coping mechanism in response to elevated beliefs. Future studies should extend these findings across time and clinical samples.
Preliminary Psychometrics for the Executive Function Challenge Task: A Novel, “Hot” Flexibility, and Planning Task for Youth
Authors: Kenworthy Lauren , Freeman Andrew , Ratto Allison , Dudley Katerina , Powell Kelly K. , Pugliese Cara E. , Strang John F. , Verbalis Alyssa , Anthony Laura G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjective:Executive functions (EF) drive health and educational outcomes and therefore are increasingly common treatment targets. Most treatment trials rely on questionnaires to capture meaningful change because ecologically valid, pediatric performance-based EF tasks are lacking. The Executive Function Challenge Task (EFCT) is a standardized, treatment-sensitive, objective measure which assesses flexibility and planning in the context of provocative social interactions, making it a “hot” EF task.Method:We investigate the structure, reliability, and validity of the EFCT in youth with autism (Autism Spectrum Disorder; n = 129), or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with flexibility problems (n = 93), and typically developing (TD; n = 52) youth.Results:The EFCT can be coded reliably, has a two-factor structure (flexibility and planning), and adequate internal consistency and consistency across forms. Unlike a traditional performance-based EF task (verbal fluency), it shows significant correlations with parent-reported EF, indicating ecological validity. EFCT performance distinguishes youth with known EF problems from TD youth and is not significantly related to visual pattern recognition, or social communication/understanding in autistic children.Conclusions:The EFCT demonstrates adequate reliability and validity and may provide developmentally appropriate, treatment-sensitive, and ecologically valid assessment of “hot” EF in youth. It can be administered in controlled settings by masked administrators.
Adaptation, acceptability and feasibility of a Short Food Survey to assess the dietary intake of children during attendance at childcare
Authors: Grady Alice , Fielding Alison , Golley Rebecca K , Finch Meghan , Hendrie Gilly A , Burrows Tracy , Seward Kirsty , Lecathelinais Christophe , Yoong Sze Lin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjective:To (i) describe the adaptation of the Short Food Survey (SFS) for assessing the dietary intake of children (2–5 years) during attendance at Early Childhood Education and Care (SFS-ECEC); (ii) determine the acceptability and feasibility of the SFS-ECEC; and (iii) compare the SFS-ECEC to direct observations for assessing dietary intake of children in care.Design:The adapted forty-seven-item SFS-ECEC was completed by childcare educators to capture individual child’s usual intake over the past month. Acceptability and feasibility were assessed via educator self-report and completion rates. Mean servings of food groups consumed in accordance with dietary guidelines reported in the SFS-ECEC were compared to those obtained by a single-day direct observation via visual estimation conducted by trained personnel. Mean differences, intra-class correlations, Bland–Altman plots, percentage agreement and Cohen’s κ were examined.Setting:Early Childhood Education and Care, NSW, Australia.Participants:Educators and children.Results:213 (98·61 %) SFS-ECECs were returned. Acceptability was high with 86·54 % of educators reporting the tool as easy to understand. Mean differences in servings of food groups between the SFS-ECEC and direct observation were statistically significantly different for five out of six foods and ranged 0·08–1·07, with intra-class correlations ranging 0·00–0·21. Agreement between the methods in the classification of children meeting or not meeting dietary guidelines ranged 42·78–93·01 %, with Cohen’s κ ranging −0·03 to 0·14.Conclusions:The SFS-ECEC is acceptable and feasible for completion by childcare educators. While tool refinement and further validation is warranted, small mean differences suggest the tool may be useful in estimating group-level intakes.
Theorisingpraxisand practice(s). Notes on Silviya Lechner’s and Mervyn Frost’sPractice Theory and International Relations
Authors: HELLMANN GUNTHER 
Published: March 2020

Abstract:Silviya Lechner’s and Mervyn Frost’s bookPractice Theory and International Relationsoffers a new approach to theorise international relations in terms of ‘practices’. It is a welcome contribution to an intensifying debate about ‘praxis’, ‘practice’ and ‘practices’ because Lechner and Frost actually engage key authors of praxis, such as Ludwig Wittgenstein, who, in IR, have often only been referenced in passing. While the rediscovery of Wittgenstein as praxis theorist is welcome, the reading of his approach to praxis is irritating because ‘internalism’ and ‘descriptivism’ – two concepts which Lechner and Frost highlight as central in both Wittgenstein’s work and their new practice theory – are interpreted in ways which are difficult to reconcile with Wittgenstein’s late philosophy. This critique offers a different reading of Wittgenstein’s approach to praxis and argues that such an alternative reading opens up an understanding of praxis which, if adopted more widely, would also free IR theorising from self-imposed strictures.
Role of Saturation on Elastic Dispersion and Attenuation of Tight Rocks: An Experimental Study
Authors: Li Hui , Wang Daxing , Gao Jinghuai , Zhang Mengbo , Wang Yirong , Zhao Luanxiao , Yang Zhifang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUsing the forced‐oscillation method, we measure the dispersion of Young's modulus, extensional attenuation, and Poisson's ratio of tight sandstone and carbonate samples at seismic frequencies (1–1000 Hz) under a constant confining pressure of 20 MPa and for a water saturation varying between 0% and 100%. The experimental data suggest that the dispersion of Young's modulus and attenuation of tight rocks is significant in a broad frequency band spanning over 1–1000 Hz. A comparison with the high‐porosity and high‐permeability sample data shows a contrasting dispersion and attenuation characteristics. For the tight sandstone, Young's modulus reaches a maximum dispersion of 16% at 60% water saturation and a 13% dispersion at 100% saturation. Attenuation is insignificant in dry condition and for water saturation ≤30%. In contrast with the peak attenuation occurring at very high water saturation (e.g., 80–100%) in partially saturated high‐porosity rocks, peak attenuation of tight sandstone takes place at a water saturation of 60%. For the tight carbonate, the magnitude of dispersion (~3%) and attenuation are markedly lower for all saturation levels. In the explored frequency range (1–1000 Hz), Young's modulus increases monotonously, and no obvious attenuation peak is observed when saturation levels are greater than 10%. Using well‐established theoretical models based on physical properties and microstructure of the tested rocks, we suggest that the observed attenuation characteristics are possibly attributed to the combined physical mechanism of microscopic (squirt) flow, mesoscopic flow in partially saturated rock, and shear dispersion due to viscous flow in grain contacts.
Evidence of Loop Current Frontal Eddy Intensification Through Local Linear and Nonlinear Interactions with the Loop Current
Authors: Hiron Luna , de la Cruz Benjamin Jaimes , Shay Lynn K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDuring the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill, an underestimated part of the oil was entrained into an intensified Loop Current Frontal Eddy (LCFE). These eddies, which are also known to play an essential role in the Loop Current eddy (LCE) shedding, are difficult to predict, and the dynamics involving their intensification are still not fully understood. The Loop Current (LC) and its strongest LCFEs were continuously tracked during 2009–2011 using sea surface height (SSH) from AVISO+. A mooring array provided complementary information about the internal structure of the LC‐LCFE interaction. The intensification of the tracked LCFEs presented similar characteristics, independent of their location: a steep increase in kinetic energy, a corresponding negative increase in SSH, and an increase in its area. As the LCFE grows, the flow at the interface with the LC becomes stronger and deeper and the horizontal density gradient between the features increases. The intensification of the front and the LCFEs is driven by the advection (nonlinear) term and the gradient pressure (linear) term in the momentum budget. Evidence of an inverse energy cascade suggests that LCFEs are extracting energy and mass from the submesoscale field to the zone of contact between the LC and the LCFE, strengthening the front and allowing the LCFEs to grow during periods of intensification. Understanding the physics driving the LCFE intensification is a key step to improve LC forecast models and to better predict LCE shedding events, as well as oil and particle transport around the LC.
Fine‐Scale Variability of Observed and Simulated Surface Albedo Over the Southern Great Plains
Authors: Berg Larry K. , Long Charles N. , Kassianov Evgueni I. , Chand Duli , Tai Sheng‐Lun , Yang Zhao , Riihimaki Laura D. , Biraud Sébastien C. , Tagestad Jerry , Matthews Alyssa , Mendoza Albert , Mei Fan , Tomlinson Jason , Fast Jerome D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSurface albedo can be highly variable in both space and time. The Department of Energy's Holistic Interactions of Shallow Clouds, Aerosols, and Land‐Ecosystems field study provides a unique opportunity to characterize the variability of surface albedo over the Southern Great Plains of the United States using integrated tower, aircraft, and satellite observations. The primary advantage of the aircraft and satellite observations is the ability to examine the spatial distribution of surface albedo over a large area, while the tower measurements have the ability to examine both diurnal and day‐to‐day variability at a single location. In general, consistency was found between the broadband (BB) albedo measured from the surface, air, and space. There was a small increase from 0.186 to 0.194 in the aircraft BB surface albedo between May and September (about 4% change), while the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer black‐sky BB surface albedo increased from 0.151 to 0.166 over the same period (about 10% change), while the standard deviations in the aircraft and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer BB albedo were similar. The largest seasonal differences in the aircraft BB albedo were found for areas with winter wheat or forest, while areas with pasture or grasses showed a smaller seasonal diversity. The Weather Research and Forecasting model was used to simulate the BB surface albedo. In comparison with the aircraft and satellite observations, the Weather Research and Forecasting‐simulated BB surface albedo had no seasonal change and a much narrower distribution.
Long‐Term Elimination of Grazing Reverses the Effects of Shrub Encroachment on Soil and Vegetation on the Ordos Plateau
Authors: Zheng Yuanrun , Zhou Guangsheng , Zhuang Qianlai , Shimizu Hideyuki 
Published: March 2020

AbstractConversion from grasslands to shrublands resulting from overgrazing occurs worldwide and is reinforced by the global climatic change. The functioning, biogeochemical cycles (e.g., carbon and water), and the stability of grassland ecosystems are significantly affected by the conversion. To best manage and use those grassland ecosystems, it is imperative to examine how the shrub‐encroached grasslands can be restored to native grassland ecosystems. In this study, aboveground biomass of all species, root biomass, soil water content, and soil texture in a set of fenced and unfenced plots were observed every three years from 1992 to 2011 in a semishrub encroached grassland on the Ordos Plateau of China. In the fenced plots, aboveground biomass increased for grass species and decreased for semishrub species. Root biomass and soil water content in the 0–10‐cm soil layer increased, but decreased in the 10–30‐cm soil layers. The fraction of soil particle sizes less than 0.01 mm increased in the 0–10‐cm soil layer. In contrast, these variables remained constant in the unfenced plots over the experimental period. The semishrub encroached grassland dominated by Artemisia ordosica was replaced with a native perennial grass, Stipa bungeana, when grazing was eliminated in the fenced plots. Changes in soil texture and moisture after fencing were correlated with the native grassland restoration from semishrub encroached grasslands. This study suggests that, to restore the native grassland, grazing should be eliminated in the study region.
The health effects of ultrafine particles
Authors: Schraufnagel Dean E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUltrafine particles (PM0.1), which are present in the air in large numbers, pose a health risk. They generally enter the body through the lungs but translocate to essentially all organs. Compared to fine particles (PM2.5), they cause more pulmonary inflammation and are retained longer in the lung. Their toxicity is increased with smaller size, larger surface area, adsorbed surface material, and the physical characteristics of the particles. Exposure to PM0.1 induces cough and worsens asthma. Metal fume fever is a systemic disease of lung inflammation most likely caused by PM0.1. The disease is manifested by systemic symptoms hours after exposure to metal fumes, usually through welding. PM0.1 cause systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and coagulation changes that predispose individuals to ischemic cardiovascular disease and hypertension. PM0.1 are also linked to diabetes and cancer. PM0.1 can travel up the olfactory nerves to the brain and cause cerebral and autonomic dysfunction. Moreover, in utero exposure increases the risk of low birthweight. Although exposure is commonly attributed to traffic exhaust, monitored students in Ghana showed the highest exposures in a home near a trash burning site, in a bedroom with burning coils employed to abate mosquitos, in a home of an adult smoker, and in home kitchens during domestic cooking. The high point-source production and rapid redistribution make incidental exposure common, confound general population studies and are compounded by the lack of global standards and national reporting. The potential for PM0.1 to cause harm to health is great, but their precise role in many illnesses is still unknown and calls for more research.
Gene expression changes associated with trajectories of psychopathology in a longitudinal cohort of children and adolescents
Authors: Ota Vanessa Kiyomi , Santoro Marcos Leite , Spindola Leticia Maria , Pan Pedro Mario , Simabucuro Andressa , Xavier Gabriela , Vieira-Fonseca Tamiris , Zanardo Evelin Aline , dos Santos Felipe Rodolfo Camargo , Schäfer Julia Luiza , Kulikowski Leslie Domenici , Galante Pedro A. F. , Asprino Paula Fontes , Brietzke Elisa , Grassi-Oliveira Rodrigo , Rohde Luis Augusto , Miguel Euripedes Constantino , Gadelha Ary , Mari Jair Jesus , Bressan Rodrigo Affonseca , Salum Giovanni Abrahao , Belangero Sintia Iole 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe aimed to identify blood gene expression patterns associated to psychopathological trajectories retrieved from a large community, focusing on the emergence and remission of general psychiatric symptoms. Hundred and three individuals from the Brazilian High-Risk Cohort Study (BHRCS) for mental disorders were classified in four groups according to Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) total score at the baseline (w0) and after 3 years (w1): low–high (L–H) (N = 27), high–low (H–L) (N = 12), high–high (H–H) (N = 34) and low–low (L–L) groups (N = 30). Blood gene expression profile was measured using Illumina HT-12 Beadchips, and paired analyses comparing w0 and w1 were performed for each group. Results: 98 transcripts were differentially expressed comparing w0 and w1 in the L-H, 33 in the H–L, 177 in the H–H and 273 in the L–L. Of these, 66 transcripts were differentially expressed exclusively in the L–H; and 6 only in the H–L. Cross-Lagged Panel Models analyses revealed that RPRD2 gene expression at w1 might be influenced by the CBCL score at w0. Moreover, COX5B, SEC62, and NDUFA2 were validated with another technique and were also differentially regulated in postmortem brain of subjects with mental disorders, indicating that they might be important not only to specific disorders, but also to general psychopathology and symptoms trajectories. Whereas genes related to metabolic pathways seem to be associated with the emergence of psychiatric symptoms, mitochondrial inner membrane genes might be important over the course of normal development. These results suggest that changes in gene expression can be detected in blood in different psychopathological trajectories.