bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of HIV among MSM in China: a large-scale systematic analysis
Authors: Dong Mengjie , Peng Bin , Liu Zhen-Feng , Ye Qian-ni , Liu Hao , Lu Xi-Li , Zhang Bo , Chen Jia-Jia 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background：The prevalence of HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM) has become a significant public health challenge. The aim was to comprehensively estimate the national prevalence of HIV among MSM and its time trends through a large-scale systematic analysis. Methods：Systematic search of Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang Data databases without language restriction for studies on the prevalence of HIV among MSM published before Dec.31, 2018. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were published in the peer-reviewed literature and used validated assessment methods to assess the prevalence of HIV among MSM. Estimates were pooled using random-effects analysis.Results：Data were extracted from 355 cross-sectional studies (571,328 individuals) covered 59 cities from 30 provinces and municipalities of China. The overall national prevalence of HIV among MSM from 2001 to 2018 was estimated to be 5.7% (95% CI: 5.4–6.1%), with high between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 98.0%, P < 0.001). Our study showed an increased tendency in the HIV prevalence as time progressed by meta-regression analysis (I2= 95.9%, P<0.0001). HIV prevalence was the highest in those aged 50 years and older with HIV prevalence of 19.3% (95%CI: 13.1-27.4%, N=13). HIV was more prevalent in the illiterate population (16.8%), than in those who had received an education. Although the internet was a major venue for Chinese MSM seeking male sex partners (35.6%, 95%CI: 32.3%-39.9%, N=101), seeking MSM in bathhouses/saunas had the highest associated prevalence of HIV (13.4%, 95%CI: 10.3%-17.1%, N=22). The HIV prevalence among MSM varied by location: compared with other regions in China, HIV was highly prevalent among MSM in the southwest (10.7%, 95%CI: 9.3%-12.2%, N=91). Compared to participants who sometimes or always used condoms, participants who had never used a condom in the past 6 months had a higher risk of HIV infection, with odds ratios of 0.1 (95%CI: 0.08-0.14). Conclusions：Our analysis provided reliable estimates of China’s HIV burden among MSM, which appears to present an increasing national public health challenge. Effective government responses are needed to address this challenge and include the implementation of HIV prevention.
Encapsulation of plant-derived bioactive ingredients through electrospraying for nutraceuticals and functional foods applications
Authors: Gómez-Mascaraque Laura G. , Rubio Amparo Lopez- 
Published: October 2019

:
The electrospraying technique, which consists of electrohydrodynamic atomization of
polymeric fluids, can be used to generate dry nano- and microparticles by subjecting a polymer
solution, suspension or melt to a high voltage (typically in the range of 7-20 kV) electric field.
This potential can be exploited for developing nano- and microencapsulation structures under
mild temperature conditions. and, tThus, it constitutes a promising alternative to conventional
microencapsulation techniques for sensitive ingredients, like most plant-derived bioactive
compounds, especially for their application in the food sector. Given the importance of plants
as one of the major sources of dietary bioactive compounds, significant much research
attention has been recently paid to research to the encapsulation of phytochemicals through
novel techniques such as electrospraying, aiming to provide new tools for the development of
innovative functional food products and nutraceuticals. In this review, the latest advances in
the application of electrospraying for nano- and microencapsulation of phytochemicals are
discussed, with a focus on their potential use in the food sector.
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast, Ovarian and Cervical Cancers
Authors: Talluri Sekhar , Malla Rama R. 
Published: October 2019

Background:
The potential of Super Paramagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) as theranostic
agents for cancer has been investigated extensively. SPIONS can be utilized for diagnostic imaging, drug delivery as
well as for therapeutic applications. SPIONS are of particular interest because of their potential for non-invasive
diagnosis and non-invasive therapeutic applications. This article is a review of in vivo and clinical studies of SPIONs
for diagnosis and treatment of breast, ovarian and cervical cancer. The current limitations of this technology with
relation to clinical therapeutic applications and the potential to overcome these limitations are also discussed.

Methods:
NCBI Pubmed was searched for relevant documents by using keyword and MESH based search. The following
keyword combinations were used: ‘breast cancer’ and SPION, ‘ovarian cancer’ and SPION, and ‘cervical
cancer’ and SPION. The resulting list was manually scanned for the studies involving clinical and in vivo studies.

Results:
The 29 most relevant publications were identified and reviewed.

Conclusion:
Although numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of the
use of SPIONs for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications, there is relatively little progress towards translation
to clinical applications involving breast, ovarian and cervical cancer.
Development of Long-Circulating and Fusogenic Liposomes Co-encapsulating Paclitaxel and Doxorubicin in Synergistic Ratio for the Treatment of Breast Cancer
Authors: Roque Marjorie Coimbra , Franco Marina Santiago , Vilela José Mário Carneiro , Andrade Margareth Spangler , de Barros André Luís Branco , Leite Elaine Amaral , Oliveira Mônica Cristina 
Published: October 2019

Background:
The co-encapsulation of paclitaxel (PTX) and doxorubicin (DXR) in liposomes
has the potential to offer pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic advantages, providing delivery of both
drugs to the tumor at the ratio required for synergism.

Objective:
To prepare and characterize long-circulating and fusogenic liposomes co-encapsulating PTX
and DXR in the 1:10 molar ratio (LCFL-PTX/DXR).

Methods:
LCFL-PTX/DXR was prepared by the lipid film formation method. The release of PTX and
DXR from liposomes was performed using a dialysis method. Studies of cytotoxicity, synergism, and
cellular uptake were also carried out.

Results:
The encapsulation percentage of PTX and DXR was 74.1 ± 1.8 % and 89.6 ± 12.3%, respectively,
and the mean diameter of the liposomes was 244.4 ± 28.1 nm. The vesicles remained stable for
30 days after their preparation. The drugs were simultaneously released from vesicles during 36 hours,
maintaining the drugs combination in the previously established ratio. Cytotoxicity studies using 4T1
breast cancer cells showed lower inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) value for LCFL-PTX/DXR treatment
(0.27 ± 0.11 µm) compared to the values of free drugs treatment. In addition, the combination
index (CI) assessed for treatment with LCFL-PTX/DXR was equal to 0.11 ± 0.04, showing strong synergism
between the drugs. Cell uptake studies have confirmed that the molar ratio between PTX and
DXR is maintained when the drugs are administered in liposomes.

Conclusion:
It was possible to obtain LCFL-PTX/DXR suitable for intravenous administration, capable
of releasing the drugs in a fixed synergistic molar ratio in the tumor region.
Polyfunctional CD8+ T-Cell Response to Autologous Peptides from Protease and Reverse Transcriptase of HIV-1 Clade B
Authors: Acevedo-Saenz Liliana , Perdomo-Celis Federico , Montoya Carlos J. , Velilla Paula A. 
Published: October 2019

Background: :The diversity of the HIV proteome influences the cellular response and development of an effective vaccine, particularly due to the generation of viral variants with mutations located within CD8+ T-cell epitopes. These mutations can affect the recognition of the epitopes, that may result in the selection of HIV variants with mutated epitopes (autologous epitopes) and different CD8+ T-cell functional profiles.Objective::To determine the phenotype and functionality of CD8+ T-cell from HIV-infected Colombian patients in response to autologous and consensus peptides derived from HIV-1 clade B protease and reverse transcriptase (RT).Methods::By flow cytometry, we compared the ex vivo CD8+ T-cell responses from HIV-infected patients to autologous and consensus peptides derived from HIV-1 clade B protease and RT, restricted by HLA-B*35, HLA-B*44 and HLA-B*51 alleles.Results::Although autologous peptides restricted by HLA-B*35 and HLA-B*44 did not show any differences compared with consensus peptides, we observed the induction of a higher polyfunctional profile of CD8+ T-cells by autologous peptides restricted by HLA-B*51, particularly by the production of interferon-γ and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β. The response by different memory CD8+ T-cell populations was comparable between autologous vs. consensus peptides. In addition, the magnitude of the polyfunctional response induced by the HLA-B*51-restricted QRPLVTIRI autologous epitope correlated with low viremia.Conclusion::Autologous peptides should be considered for the evaluation of HIV-specific CD8+ Tcell responses and to reveal some relevant epitopes that could be useful for therapeutic strategies aiming to promote polyfunctional CD8+ T-cell responses in a specific population of HIV-infected patients.
Accuracy of Wristband Fitbit Models in Assessing Sleep: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Haghayegh Shahab , Khoshnevis Sepideh , Smolensky Michael H , Diller Kenneth R , Castriotta Richard J 
Published: October 2019

Background
Wearable sleep monitors are of high interest to consumers and researchers because of their ability to provide estimation of sleep patterns in free-living conditions in a cost-efficient way.

Objective
We conducted a systematic review of publications reporting on the performance of wristband Fitbit models in assessing sleep parameters and stages.

Methods
In adherence with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, we comprehensively searched the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane, Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases using the keyword Fitbit to identify relevant publications meeting predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results
The search yielded 3085 candidate articles. After eliminating duplicates and in compliance with inclusion and exclusion criteria, 22 articles qualified for systematic review, with 8 providing quantitative data for meta-analysis. In reference to polysomnography (PSG), nonsleep-staging Fitbit models tended to overestimate total sleep time (TST; range from approximately 7 to 67 mins; effect size=-0.51, P<.001; heterogenicity: I2=8.8%, P=.36) and sleep efficiency (SE; range from approximately 2% to 15%; effect size=-0.74, P<.001; heterogenicity: I2=24.0%, P=.25), and underestimate wake after sleep onset (WASO; range from approximately 6 to 44 mins; effect size=0.60, P<.001; heterogenicity: I2=0%, P=.92) and there was no significant difference in sleep onset latency (SOL; P=.37; heterogenicity: I2=0%, P=.92). In reference to PSG, nonsleep-staging Fitbit models correctly identified sleep epochs with accuracy values between 0.81 and 0.91, sensitivity values between 0.87 and 0.99, and specificity values between 0.10 and 0.52. Recent-generation Fitbit models that collectively utilize heart rate variability and body movement to assess sleep stages performed better than early-generation nonsleep-staging ones that utilize only body movement. Sleep-staging Fitbit models, in comparison to PSG, showed no significant difference in measured values of WASO (P=.25; heterogenicity: I2=0%, P=.92), TST (P=.29; heterogenicity: I2=0%, P=.98), and SE (P=.19) but they underestimated SOL (P=.03; heterogenicity: I2=0%, P=.66). Sleep-staging Fitbit models showed higher sensitivity (0.95-0.96) and specificity (0.58-0.69) values in detecting sleep epochs than nonsleep-staging models and those reported in the literature for regular wrist actigraphy.

Conclusions
Sleep-staging Fitbit models showed promising performance, especially in differentiating wake from sleep. However, although these models are a convenient and economical means for consumers to obtain gross estimates of sleep parameters and time spent in sleep stages, they are of limited specificity and are not a substitute for PSG.
Cp2ZrCl2: AN EFFICIENT CATALYST FOR MULTICOMPONENT SYNTHESIS OF CAROTENOID DEHYDROSQUALENE SYNTHASE INHIBITING PYRANO[2,3-d]PYRIMIDINEDIONES
Authors: D SONAWANE BABASAHEB , D SONAWANE VIKAS D , D SONAWANE KAILAS , J DHANAVADE MARUTI D , B AWARE CHETAN , K AWATE SHARAD , V PATIL SURESH 
Published: October 2019

Objectives: The present protocol deals with zirconocene dichloride (Cp2ZrCl2) catalyzed synthesis of pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidinediones through one-pot multicomponent reactions of aromatic aldehydes with malononitrile and barbituric acid at ambient temperature. All the synthesized compounds were characterized and evaluated for antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities. Furthermore, a molecular docking was carried out to reveal the atomic insights between synthesized compounds and carotenoid dehydrosqualene synthase (PDB ID: 3ACX).
Methods: All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity by diffusion method. Antioxidant activities such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and radical scavenging activity. A mixture of barbituric acid 1 (1 mmol), malononitrile 2 (1 mmol), benzaldehyde 3a (1 mmol), ethanol (5 mL), and Cp2ZrCl2 (5 mol %) was stirred at ambient temperature for specified time. After completion of reaction as indicated by thin-layer chromatography, the obtained crude product was filtered and purified by column chromatography on silica gel (Merck, 60–120 mesh) using ethyl acetate:pet. ether to afford pure product which was then characterized by spectroscopic methods such by FTIR, nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), 13C NMR, and mass spectroscopy.
Results: All the synthesized pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidinediones were characterized by spectroscopic analysis. The results revealed that pyrano[2,3-d] pyrimidinediones (4 a-k) displayed the zone of inhibition in the range of 3–13 mm. The most active compound 4b displayed largest zone of inhibition of 13 mm for Escherichia coli (NCIM-2832) and 9 mm for Bacillus subtilis (NCIM-2635). The antifungal and antioxidant activity of all synthesized pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidinediones (4a-k) showed moderate to good activity. Molecular docking studies suggest that pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidinediones might inhibit the carotenoid dehydrosqualene synthase activity.
Conclusion: All the synthesized pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidinediones display moderate to good antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activity. This molecular docking studies supported that pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidinediones might inhibit the carotenoid dehydrosqualene synthase (PDB ID: 3ACX).
EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF DIPLOCYCLOS PALMATUS FRUITS ON ALBINO MICE
Authors: Kishan J Ram , ZEEYAUDDIN KHAJA , P VENKANNA , VEMULA SATEESH KUMAR 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The present study is preplanned to assess the antimicrobial and analgesic activity of the collected plants of Diplocyclos palmatus from Moinabad, Ranga Reddy, Telangana.
Methods: In this study, D. palmatus fruits were used to gain the ethanolic extract and were tested for the phytochemical screening, antimicrobial activity using agar diffusion method against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Bacillus) and to compare its effect with the marketed standard streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, and analgesic activity of plant was performed by tail clip, tails immersion, and radiant heat method.
Results: The maximum zone of inhibition is shown in the Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli) compared to standard and control. The ethanolic extract of D. palmatus fruits was shown analgesic activity and it was found to be more remarkable when compared to the standard aspirin and control. From the results of three different methods at different dose of ethanolic extract (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg followed by 0–5 min interval up to 30 min), tail immersion method at 200 mg/kg dose of the D. palmatus fruits extract was achieved good results i.e., in 10 min (11.4 ± 1.93) and 15 min (13.4 ± 1.63). In tail clip method, 400 mg/kg dose is in 10 min (11 ± 1.67) and 15 min (10 ± 0.707) achieved best output, while same thing radiant heat method 200 mg/kg dose of the D. palmatus fruits extract is in 10 min (11.3 ± 1.67) and 15 min (14 ± 1.82) achieved outstanding results.
Conclusion: The analgesic and antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of D. palmatus fruits are more significant compared to the other part of D. palmatus. Hence, the study concludes that the plant is having both analgesic and antimicrobial activity, and therefore, it can be used for various therapeutic purposes and further analysis.
ISOLATION AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY ANALYSIS OF CONDITIONAL AMINO ACIDS FROM THE FRESH LEAVES OF ALTERNANTHERA SESSILIS
Authors: S SWARNAKUMARI , S Mohan , VE IDA CHRISTI , S ABINAYA , S KALAIVANI 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of the study was to isolate the conditional amino acids present in the fresh leaves extracts of Alternanthera sessilis and compare the isolated amino acids with amino acid standards.
Method: The fresh plant material was used for extraction. For the extracted sample solution, paper chromatography and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting analysis were then carried out.
Results: Since A. sessilis is rich in protein, various amino acids have been isolated in aggregates and paper chromatography has been performed. Amino acids were separated and identified using trial and error method. Cysteine, glycine, aspartic acid, and proline are the standard amino acids used for comparing with the isolated amino acids by HPTLC fingerprint analysis, which gives an idea for the authentication of the plant, its constituents and also provides a parameter for quality control.
Conclusion: The results scientifically validate the use of A. sessilis in the traditional medicine and also as a food.
INSULIN SECRETAGOGUE EFFECT OF ROOTS OF RAVENALA MADAGASCARIENSIS SONN. - AN IN VITRO STUDY
Authors: PRIYADARSINI S SAKTHI , PR KUMAR , ANAND ABHISHEK , B DEVENDIRAN , S KADIYAM VENKAT , PADMANABH ROY RICHIE 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to establish the cytotoxicity profile and to evaluate the insulin secretagogue effect of ethanolic root extract of Ravenala madagascariensis Sonn.
Methods: The cell viability of rat insulinoma 5F (RIN5F) cell lines over the treatment of plant extract was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)- 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The insulin-releasing effect was evaluated by insulin secretion assay over RIN5F cell lines by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results: The ethanolic extract of the roots of R. madagascariensis Sonn. showed negligible cytotoxicity at 20–40 μg/ml, and hence, concentrations up to 40 μg/ml were used in insulin secretion assay. The ethanolic root extract at 20 and 40 μg/ml significantly (p<0.05 compared to control) stimulated the insulin release in a dose-dependent manner even in the presence of glucose at lower and higher concentrations (5 and 10 mM).
Conclusion: Thus, our results validate its traditional claim in the treatment of diabetes by stimulating the secretion of insulin, thereby suggesting a possible mechanism of its antidiabetic effect.
HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF SWERTIA CHIRATA AND SWERTIA CORDATA ATTENUATES HYPOXIA-MEDIATED MEMORY DYSFUNCTION BY IMPROVING NEURONAL SURVIVAL IN WISTAR RATS
Authors: KAUSHAL KRITIKA , SINGH HARVINDER , KANT ANIL 
Published: October 2019

Objective: Swertia chirata and Swertia cordata have been used in traditional and folk medicines to treat several mental disorders. However, the mechanistic and experimental justification to its traditional use is lacking. The present study was aimed to investigate the neuromodulatory potential of S. chirata and S. cordata during hypoxia-induced neuronal damage in Wistar rats and to determine the underlying mechanism.
Methods: Animals were divided into six groups (n=5). Hypoxia was inflicted by subjecting animals to the atmosphere having 10% O2 for 3 days. Animals were administered 100 mg/kg hydroalcoholic extract of S. chirata and S. cordata orally once daily for 7 days, after which motor coordination (Rotarod test) and memory functions (active avoidance test and passive avoidance test) were evaluated. Animals were sacrificed and biochemical investigations for oxidative stress and histopathology were performed.
Results: Subjecting animals to hypoxia resulted in marked memory dysfunction, and extract treatments improved memory functions in active avoidance and passive avoidance task. Hypoxiainduced the marked oxidative stress as indicated by the significantly elevated reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation and depleted catalase and glutathione levels in the hippocampus. S. chirata and S. cordata treatment alleviated oxidative stress in the hippocampus region of the brain. Brain histopathology confirmed that hypoxia resulted in significant neuronal damage and extract treatment efficiently rescued neurons from hypoxic damage. Overall, S. chirata extract treatment was observed to have better neuromodulatory effect than S. cordata during hypoxia.
Conclusion: Hypoxia induced memory dysfunction by inflicting neuronal damage and oxidative stress in the hippocampus region of the brain. The hydroalcoholic extract of S. chirata and S. cordata improved memory functions in hypoxic animals by alleviating hippocampal oxidative stress and by improving neuronal morphology and survival.
CAROTID ARTERY INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS AND 10-YEAR RISK OF HEART DISEASE IN DIABETIC PATIENTS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: MUGADA VINODKUMAR , KOLAKOTA RAJ KIRAN 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess the factors affecting carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) and 10-year risk of heart disease in diabetic patients classified according to CIMT.
Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted on 92 patients for 1 year. 10-year risk of heart disease was calculated using the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guideline on the Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk. Based on CIMT, the subjects were classified into two groups. Group 1 contains subjects with CIMT <0.9 and Group 2 contains subjects with CIMT ≥0.9. The Mann–Whitney U-test, Pearson’s correlation, and descriptive statistics were used to compare and describe the data. The level of statistical significance was taken at p<0.05.
Results: Patients with 51–60 years of age group are high in number. Males were predominantly high than their counterparts. There is a statistically significant association between total cholesterol (p=0.001), high-density lipoproteins (p=0.000), low-density lipoproteins (p=0.001), postprandial blood sugar (p=0.000), and hemoglobin 1Ac (p=0.035) with CIMT. The mean 10-year risk of heart disease in Groups 1 and 2 is 13.13±15.40 and 23.63±17.57, respectively. There is statistically highly significant association (p=0.000) of 10-year risk of heart disease between two groups. There is a positive correlation (r=0.45, p<0.0001) between CIMT and risk of heart disease.
Conclusion: Our study found that greater the CIMT, greater the risk of the heart of disease.