bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scalp Block Is Associated With Improved Recurrence Profiles in Patients Undergoing Primary Glioma Resection Surgery
Authors: Sung Chao-Hsien , Tsuang Fon-Yih , Shih Chung-Chih , Chang Jui-Ling , Liao Min-Hsiu , Yang Ya-Wen , Lee Tzong-Shiun , Cheng Hsiao-Liang , Wu Chun-Yu 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Glioma is associated with high recurrence and poor survival, despite the success of tumor resection surgery. This may be partly because the immune microenvironment within a glioma is susceptible to perioperative immunosuppression. Therefore, intraoperative anesthesia-related immunomodulators, such as scalp block, intravenous anesthesia, the opioid dosage administered, and transfusions, may influence oncological outcomes among patients with glioma. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the influence of anesthetic techniques on oncological outcomes after craniotomy for glioma resection, particularly the effects of scalp block, intravenous anesthesia, and inhalation anesthesia.

Methods:
Consecutive patients who underwent primary glioma resection surgeries between January 2010 and December 2017 were analyzed to compare postcraniotomy oncological outcomes (progression-free survival [PFS] and overall survival) by using the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox regression analysis. A propensity score-matched regression analysis including prognostic covariates was also conducted to analyze the selected relevant anesthetic factors of the unmatched regression model.

Results:
A total of 230 patients were included in the final analysis. No analyzed anesthetic factor was associated with overall survival. Patients who received scalp block had a more favorable median (95% confidence interval [CI]) PFS (55.37 [95% CI, 12.63-62.23] vs. 14.07 [95% CI, 11.27-17.67] mo; P=0.0053). Scalp block was associated with improved PFS before (hazard ratio, 0.465; 95% CI, 0.272-0.794; P=0.0050) and after (hazard ratio, 0.367; 95% CI, 0.173-0.779; P=0.0091) propensity score-matched Cox regression analysis. By contrast, intravenous anesthesia, amount of opioid consumed, and transfusion were not associated with PFS.

Conclusions:
The study results suggest that the scalp block improves the recurrence profiles of patients receiving primary glioma resection.
Merger of Betula tatewakiana (Betulaceae) from northern Japan to northeast Asian B. ovalifolia based on ploidy level
Authors: Shiotani Yuki , Fukuda Tomoko , Pimenova Elena A. , Petrunenko Ekaterina A. , Krestov Pavel V. , Bondarchuk Svetlana N. , Nishikawa Yoko , Shimamura Takashi , Fujimura Yoshiyasu , Nakamura Koh 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIt has been controversial whether Betula tatewakiana, a dwarf birch distributed in Hokkaido of northern Japan, is an endemic species or a synonym of B. ovalifolia broadly distributed in northeast Asia. The endemic hypothesis is based on the idea that B. tatewakiana is diploid while B. ovalifolia is tetraploid and that they are separated based on the ploidy level; however no chromosome data have actually been published before. Resolving the taxonomic problem is crucial also in judging the conservation priority of B. tatewakiana in a global perspective. Our chromosome observation revealed that B. tatewakiana is tetraploid as well as B. ovalifolia. Collaterally, we conducted morphological observation and clarified that B. tatewakiana is morphologically identical to B. ovalifolia in white hairs and dense resinous glands respectively on adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces, based on which they are different from closely related species in the same section Fruticosae. We concluded that the hypothesis that B. tatewakiana is a Hokkaido endemic based on the ploidy level is not supported and that B. tatewakiana should be merged with B. ovalifolia.
Analysis of DC bus bar dominant stray parameters based on equivalent calculation models
Authors: He Shaomin , Yang Huan , Li Guangzhuo , Hu Sideng , He Xiangning 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to analyze the dominant stray parameters of the DC bus bar and focus on weakening the influence of the stray parameters instead of reducing the value of the stray parameters in DC bus bar while switching. By finding the mechanisms to reduce the effects of stray parameters on switching transient, the simple and straightforward optimization methods could be given for the engineering designer.

Design/methodology/approach
The investigations are focused on the equivalent circuit by segmented impedance evaluation in the low-frequency band and the energy propagation by wave impedance evaluation in the high frequency band. This paper proposes an equivalent impedance calculation model to locate the dominant stray parameters in the DC bus bar and takes the energy propagation characteristics using wave impedance into consideration, which can simplify the optimization design of DC bus bar.

Findings
According to the equivalent circuit and electromagnetic field analysis, this paper proves the existence of the dominant stray parameters in DC bus bar that is widely used on high-power converters and certifies that not all the stray parameters in different areas of DC bus bar have the same effects on switching process, which can give a good guidance for the optimization design of DC bus bar.

Originality/value
The positions of DC-link capacitors, resulting in only part of stray parameters in DC bus bar has more impact during switching, are significant to the DC bus bar optimization design. These stray parameters named dominant stray parameters in this paper play a leading role in the switching transient process. The area of DC bus bar, which is close to IGBTs and far from DC-link capacitors, contains the dominant stray parameters in the switching transient process. Therefore, the distance between DC-link capacitors and IGBTs should be shortened as much as possible. Based on the results, the efficiency for the DC bus bar optimization design could be improved by weakening the influence of the stray parameters, such as reducing the dominant stray parameters only. Therefore, it can save the cost and time of DC bus bar optimization design.
Simplification by pruning as a model order reduction approach for RF-MEMS switches
Authors: Ciuprina Gabriela , Ioan Daniel , Lup Aurel-Sorin , Silveira Luis Miguel , Duca Anton , Kraft Michael 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
This paper proposes an algorithm for the extraction of reduced order models of MEMS switches, based on using a physics aware simplification technique.

Design/methodology/approach
The reduced model is built progressively by increasing the complexity of the physical model. The approach starts with static analyses and continues with dynamic ones. Physical phenomena are introduced sequentially in the reduced model whose order is increased until accuracy, computed by assessing forces that are kept in the reduced model, is acceptable.

Findings
The technique is exemplified for RF-MEMS switches, but it can be extended for any device where physical phenomena can be included one by one, in a hierarchy of models. The extraction technique is based on analogies that are carried out for both the multiphysics and the full-wave electromagnetic phenomena and their couplings. In the final model, the multiphysics electromechanical phenomena is reduced to a system with lumped components with nonlinear elastic and damping forces, coupled with a system with distributed and lumped components which represents the reduced model of the RF electromagnetic phenomena.

Originality/value
Contrary to the order reduction by projection methods, this approach has the advantage that the simplified model can be easily understood, the equations and variables have significance for the user and the algorithm starts with a model of minimal order, which is increased until the approximation error is acceptable. The novelty of the proposed method is that, being tailored to a specific application, it is able to keep physical interpretation inside the reduced model. This is the reason why, the obtained model has an extremely low order, much lower than the one achievable with general state-of-the-art procedures.
Information seeking behaviour of beggars in Accra
Authors: Owusu Charlotte , Kankam Philip Kwaku 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
It is evident that human existence is highly dependent on information. Information is considered to be an essential right of every single individual to sustain life and enjoy it as well. The benefits of looking into the information behaviour of people can, therefore, not be overemphasised. However, there is a yawning gap in research conducted into the information behaviour of marginalised groups such as beggars. This study aims to investigate the information seeking behaviour of beggars in Ghana.

Design/methodology/approach
Through a case study design, the study used a qualitative approach and interpretivist paradigm to look into this phenomenon. In total, ten beggars were sampled from the beggar population in Accra through the use of convenient and snowball sampling techniques. A semi-structured interview schedule was used as data collection tool to solicit responses from the participants.

Findings
The study revealed that beggars in Accra lacked understanding of their information needs, although they were heavily dependent on information for their tasks and survival. Again, the findings of the study showed that beggars were faced with information seeking barriers such as illiteracy, lack of information literacy skills and financial resources. The study recommends the need for stakeholders to look into the social welfare and literacy needs of beggars.

Originality/value
The authors consider the study original both in conceptualisation and design. The main question being interrogated stems from identified gaps in the literature and the study intends to fill these knowledge gaps. The study’s originality also stems from the fact that there is a paucity of information on the subject of study in the context of Ghana.
Subsidiary autonomy and knowledge transfer
Authors: Søberg Peder Veng , Wæhrens Brian Vejrum 
Published: November 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the effect of subsidiary autonomy on knowledge transfers during captive offshoring to emerging markets.Design/methodology/approachFive longitudinal cases of captive R&D and manufacturing offshoring to emerging markets.FindingsThe propositions entail the dual effect of operational subsidiary autonomy on primary knowledge transfer and reverse knowledge transfer. For newly established subsidiaries, operational subsidiary autonomy has a mainly negative effect on primary knowledge transfer and a mainly positive effect on reverse knowledge transfer and local collaboration activities increase this effect. Strategic subsidiary autonomy is mainly negative for primary and reverse knowledge transfer.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations concerning the applied exploratory case study approach suggest that further research should test the identified relationships using surveys, after the initial pilot study.Practical implicationsA gradual increase of operational subsidiary autonomy as the subsidiary capability level increases is beneficial to ensure primary knowledge transfer. Allowing subsidiaries to collaborate locally within the confines of their mandates benefits reverse knowledge transfer.Originality/valueThis paper extends the secondary knowledge transfer concept to include knowledge flows with local collaboration partners, not only other subsidiaries and clarifies the distinction between operational and strategic autonomy concerning local collaboration. A subsidiary asserts operational autonomy when its collaboration with local partners relates to its existing mandate. A subsidiary asserts strategic autonomy when it collaborates with local partners beyond this mandate.
The end of architecture as we know it, the genesis of tomorrow’s tourism
Authors: Bevolo Marco 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to inform the reader of some emerging trends in placemaking and digital destination management, while providing a conceptual background on shifts in architectural design.

Design/methodology/approach
The trend paper is based on a fundamental bibliographic view on evolutions in placemaking, from architectural design to spatial agency, integrated by and contextualized in tourism trends, however possibly anecdotal.

Findings
The trend paper identifies a fundamental shift from architectural processes to spatial agency as organizing principle for placemaking, discussing how digital tourism trends are formed or forming change in this.

Originality/value
The trend paper newly relates otherwise distant and unrelated fields, namely architectural design theory and tourism trends, by connecting at the level of IoT and IT digital technologies, exploring the impact and the mutual role played by its two constituencies.
Applying the world-changing through social action protocol with young adult literature
Authors: Henning A. Suzie , Shaffer Shelly 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe a protocol for developing students into social actors using young adult (YA) literature in social studies. The world-changing through social action protocol (WSAP) utilizes five recursive steps (P2TripleS): problem posing, problem history, systems thinking, solutions thinking and social action. WSAP is designed to provide secondary social studies teachers with tools to create thematic units, activities and discussions about difficult current issues, such as school violence, bullying, death, or suicide. The purpose of WSAP is to help teachers incorporate strategies to encourage civic action for social justice.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, WSAP is applied to the YA novel Violent Ends (Hutchinson et al., 2015), which describes a school shooting and its effects from multiple perspectives.

Findings
This paper discusses the use of the theoretical framework, WSAP and its five recursive steps (P2TripleS). The protocol developed is a helpful tool for teachers to integrate ELA and Social Studies curriculum in a student-centered, project-based environment while addressing the C3 and Common Core State Standards. The protocol is applied to the YA novel, Violent Ends (Hutchinson et al., 2015) and includes questions and strategies that guide teachers and students to critically think about democratic action and gun violence.

Practical implications
The specific steps of the WSAP protocol will be demonstrated with Violent Ends, providing example activities from this book for practitioners.

Originality/value
This paper is the first to apply the WSAP with a YA text.
Nitric oxide mediates oxylipin production and grazing defense in diatoms
Authors: Johnson Matthew D. , Edwards Bethanie R. , Beaudoin David J. , Van Mooy Benjamin A. S. , Vardi Assaf 
Published: November 2019

SummaryDiatom blooms are important features of productive marine ecosystems and are known to support higher trophic levels. However, when stressed or wounded, diatoms can produce oxylipin molecules known to inhibit the reproduction and development of copepods and decrease microzooplankton growth rates. Using oxylipin chemical treatments, lipidomic analysis and functional genomic approaches, we provide evidence that nitric oxide (NO) and oxylipin signalling pathways in diatoms respond to protist grazers, resulting in increased defence fitness and survival. Exposure of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum to the dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina resulted in NO production by P. tricornutum and pronounced change in its dissolved oxylipin profile. Experimentally elevating levels of NO also resulted in increased oxylipin production, and lower overall grazing rates. Furthermore, O. marina preferentially grazed on P. tricornutum prey with lower levels of NO, suggesting that this molecule and its effect on oxylipin pathways play a key role in prey selection. Exposure of O. marina grazing on P. tricornutum to exogenous oxylipins also decreased grazing rates, which is consistent with a grazing deterrence role for these molecules. These results suggest that NO and oxylipin production help to structure diatom communities, in part by modulating interactions with microzooplankton predators.
Naloxone‐Induced Withdrawal in Individuals With and Without Fentanyl‐Positive Urine Samples
Authors: Jones Jermaine D. , Sherwin Elliana , Martinez Suky , Comer Sandra D. 
Published: November 2019

Background and ObjectiveThis retrospective analysis of data from heroin users screening for clinical research, sought to determine if more naloxone is needed to precipitate opioid withdrawal among those who regularly use heroin with fentanyl, as opposed to those who use heroin without fentanyl.MethodsOver the course of three to five screening visits, participants completed assessments of drug use, along with urine toxicology tests at each visit. To test for opioid dependence, 29 participants completed a modified Wang test (score: 0‐150) during which an intramuscular dose of naloxone (0.2‐0.4 mg) was administered and the severity of withdrawal was quantified.ResultsThe severity of opioid withdrawal was compared between individuals whose urine toxicology regularly tested positive for fentanyl (N = 15), and those only positive for other opioids (N = 14). No significant differences were found in demographic or drug use between the fentanyl‐positive (mean: age 41.1 years, 9.1 bags heroin/d) and fentanyl‐negative (42.0 years, 10.0 bags heroin/d) groups. Intramuscular naloxone‐precipitated robust withdrawal in both samples (P < .01) with no significant difference (P = .8) in the severity (fentanyl positive [100.6 ± 13.4]; fentanyl negative [82.7 ± 9.6]).Conclusions and Scientific SignificanceThese data suggest that a standard naloxone dose can be equally effective at precipitating withdrawal in individuals using heroin with fentanyl compared to heroin without fentanyl. These data contribute to our understanding of how naloxone antagonizes the effects of fentanyl and may have significant implications for the clinical laboratory and opioid overdose. A prospective clinical laboratory study with the proper opioid maintenance controls is needed to provide a more definitive finding. (Am J Addict 2019;00:00–00)
Acute myeloid leukaemia and the immune system: implications for immunotherapy
Authors: Barrett A. John 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe recognition of the curative potential of the graft‐versus‐leukaemia effect for patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) undergoing stem cell transplantation, and the emergence of immunotherapy as a powerful weapon to treat cancer, has spurred the exploration of the immune landscape of AML to apply immunotherapeutic approaches to curing the disease. While current concepts of cancer immunology and immunotherapy have relevance, there are also unique aspects of immune dysregulation in AML to be considered when designing rational immunotherapy for this leukaemia. This is timely because rapid advances in cancer immunobiology, together with technological developments have opened up the field of immunotherapy for malignant disease. Here the current knowledge of AML immunobiology is summarized together with a description of new immunotherapies to counter immunosuppression and immune evasion by AML. Recent advances in treatment with recombinant antibodies, adoptive cell therapy and vaccines and their future promise in AML treatment are reviewed.
Online peer mentorship programmes for children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disabilities: A systematic review
Authors: Saxena Shikha , Mitchell Jacob , Ehsan Annahita , Majnemer Annette , Shikako‐Thomas Keiko 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundChildren and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disabilities may be less well integrated into their community than their peers. Online groups can be particularly accessible for individuals with neurodevelopmental disabilities, as individuals may be able to connect with a larger network than they would in their local community. This systematic review aimed at estimating the effectiveness of online peer mentorship programmes on children and adolescent's participation in life situations.MethodsA systematic review was conducted to search Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL, and Education Research Complete (ERIC) electronic databases. Thematic analysis was done for studies that used qualitative methodology.ResultsEleven articles were included, and they examined the influences of five different structured online peer mentorship intervention programmes and six different online support groups. The disabilities included cerebral palsy (n = 3), autism spectrum disorder (n = 3), spina bifida (n = 2), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (n = 2), and other neurodevelopmental disorders. The mentors included in the studies were caregivers of children with disabilities, youth and adults with disabilities, and a virtual peer actor. The mentees included in the studies were youth with disabilities (age 10–19 years) and their families. Intervention characteristics varied across the studies but consistently showed a unique potential to facilitate social networking and support. Intervention programmes with specific content and structure showed better participation outcomes than unstructured interventions. Presence of a moderator and participant characteristics (age and sociocultural background) was suggested to influence the outcomes of interventions.ConclusionsOnline peer mentorship programmes appear to have positive influence on social engagement and participation in life situation for children and adolescents with disabilities. This paper discusses several areas that should be considered in future research studies to improve potential effectiveness and use of study designs that help to establish not only if interventions work but also for whom they work best and why.
Immediate dental implants in fibula free flaps to reconstruct the mandible: A pilot study of the short‐term effects on radiotherapy for patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Sandoval María L. , Rosen Evan B. , Robert Allen J. , Nelson Jonas A. , Matros Evan , Gelblum Daphna Y. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe current pilot study aims to report short‐term experience as it relates to acute radiotherapy treatment outcomes comparing patients with immediate dental implants in fibula free flap reconstructions to a historical cohort of patients with fibula free flap reconstructions without dental implants.Materials and methodsA retrospective review of patients who underwent segmental mandibulectomy, reconstruction with fibula free flaps, and adjuvant radiotherapy with (n = 10) and without immediate dental implants (n = 10) at a tertiary cancer center from 2015 to 2018 was performed (IRB #17‐271). Incidence of postoperative complications, time to initiation of radiation therapy, development of acute toxicity, and patient reported outcome data were recorded. The radiation plans were evaluated to identify the mean and maximum doses received by the mandible and oral cavity as well as the locations of radiation global hot spots.ResultsThere was a similar number of postoperative complications in both cohorts, with three events in the case group and two events in the control group. Patients with dental implants reported less trismus than control patients. Evaluation of the radiation treatment plans revealed similar median radiation global hot spots in both groups.ConclusionsThe current study suggests that the presence of dental implants does not increase the risk of complications following surgery or during radiation treatment. Implants do not alter radiation dosimetry but do appear to positively impact early patient quality of life. Although longer follow‐up is needed, based on this preliminary experience, cancer patients should be offered this type of reconstruction without fear of impacting radiation timing or delivery.