bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Axial Temperature Profiles on Fe/SiO2 Catalyzed Non‐oxidative Coupling of Methane
Authors: Postma Rolf S. , Lefferts Leon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe effect of the axial temperature profile upstream and downstream of catalyst bed on the performance of non‐oxidative‐coupling‐of‐methane (NOCM) over Fe/SiO2 was determined. A three‐zone oven was used with independent temperature control of the catalyst‐zone as well as the zones upstream and downstream. It was found that catalytic initiation followed by residence time at 1000 °C downstream the catalyst bed increases CH4 conversion by a factor of 8, while decreasing carbonaceous deposit selectivity from 40 to 12 C%. Residence time at 1000 °C upstream of the catalyst bed causes deposit formation on the catalyst without significantly influencing methane conversion. A shallow catalyst bed followed by significant residence time at high temperature maximizes methane conversion and minimizes coking. This work shows that axial temperature profile and residence time upstream and downstream of the catalyst bed strongly influence the performance in catalytic NOCM.
The Si@C‐Network Electrode Prepared by an In Situ Carbonization Strategy with Enhanced Cycle Performance
Authors: Deng Li , Wu Zhan‐Yu , You Jin‐Hai , Yin Zu‐Wei , Ren Wen‐Feng , Zhang Peng‐Fang , Xu Bin‐Bin , Zhou Yao , Li Jun‐Tao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA porous and fluffy Si@C‐network electrode, in which the Si nanoparticles contact with the carbon conductive network, is prepared by an in‐situ carbonization method on a copper collector. Si nanoparticles are uniformly embedded in the 3‐dimensional fluffy carbon network, which could suppress the capacity decay resulting from the Si volume expansion during the cycling process. The Si@C‐network electrode with a high ratio (83.4 wt %) of active Si exhibits long‐term cycling stability (capacity retention of 765 mAh g−1 after 700 cycles at 2100 mA g−1) and good rate performance. The superior electrochemical performance is attributed to the continuous conductive network, which improves the conductivity of electrode and maintains the electrode structure well after 100 cycles.
Forgive and forget: Self‐stabilizing swarms in spite of Byzantine robots
Authors: Ashkenazi Yotam , Dolev Shlomi , Kamei Sayaka , Ooshita Fukuhito , Wada Koichi 
Published: November 2020

SummaryIn this article, we consider the case in which a swarm of robots collaborates in a mission, where a few of the robots behave maliciously. These malicious Byzantine robots may be temporally or constantly controlled by an adversary. The scope is synchronized full information robot operations, where a robot that does not follow the program/policy of the swarm is immediately identified and can be remembered as Byzantine. As robots may be suspected of being Byzantine due to benign temporal malfunctions, it is imperative to forgive and forget, otherwise, a robot cannot assume collaborative actions with any other robot in the swarm. Still, remembering for a while may facilitate a policy of surrounding, isolating and freezing the movement of the misbehaving robots, by several robots, allowing the rest to perform the swarm task with no intervention. We demonstrate the need to periodically forgive and forget to realize swarm several tasks including patrolling/cleaning in the presence of possible Byzantine robots. The policy for achieving the task consists of blocking the movement of the Byzantine robot(s) by some of the robots, while the rest patrol/clean the plane.
Interplay of Hückel and Möbius Aromaticity in Metal‐Metal Quintuple Bonded Complexes of Cr, Mo, and W with Amidinate Ligand: Ab initio DFT and Multireference Analysis**
Authors: Patra Shanti G. , Mondal Totan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aromaticity of metal‐metal quintuple bonded complexes of the type M2L2(M=Cr, Mo, and W; L=amidinate) are studied employing gauge including magnetically induced ring current (GIMIC) analysis and electron density of delocalized bonds (EDDB). It is found that the complexes possess two types of aromaticity: i) Hückel aromaticity through delocalization of ligandπelectrons with metal‐metalδ‐bond‐forming 6 conjugated electrons (4πand 2δ) ring; ii) Craig‐Möbius aromaticity through delocalization ofπelectrons of both the ligands with metal d‐orbitals in Craig type orientation forming 10πelectrons ring with a double twist. Extended transition state natural orbital chemical valence (ETS‐NOCV) and canonical molecular orbital natural chemical shielding (CMO‐NCS) analysis confirm the Craig‐Möbius type arrangement of the orbitals. Furthermore, the unprecedented Hückel and Möbius type aromaticity is confirmed from the plot of the current pathways using 3D line integral convolution (3D‐LIC) plots. The metal‐metal bond order also increases down the group as justified from the complete active space self‐consistent field (CASSCF) analysis. Due to an increase in theπandδelectron conjugation, both the Hückel and Möbius aromaticity increase down the group.
Hydrogen‐Bond Dynamics and Energetics of Biological Water
Authors: Adhikari Aniruddha , Park Won‐Woo , Kwon Oh‐Hoon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWater molecules in the immediate vicinity of biomacromolecules and biomimetic organized assemblies often exhibit a markedly distinct behavior from that of their bulk counterparts. The overall sluggish behavior of biological water substantially affects the stability and integrity of biomolecules, as well as the successful execution of various crucial water‐mediated biochemical phenomena. In this Minireview, insights are provided into the features of truncated hydrogen‐bond networks that grant biological water its unique characteristics. In particular, experimental results and theoretical investigations, based on chemical kinetics, are presented that have shed light on the dynamics and energetics governing such characteristics. It is emphasized how such details help us to understand the energetics of biological water, an aspect relatively less explored than its dynamics. For instance, when biological water at hydrophilic or charged protein surfaces was explored, the free energy of H‐bond breakage was found to be of the order of 0.4 kcal mol−1 higher than that of bulk water.
Exposure and Recovery from Environmentally Relevant Levels of Waterborne Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Deepwater Horizon Oil: Effects on the Gulf Toadfish Stress Axis
Authors: Cartolano Maria C. , Alloy Matthew M. , Milton Emily , Plotnikova Anastasiya , Mager Edward M. , McDonald M. Danielle 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
There is evidence that the combination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) released in the Deepwater Horizon oil spill impairs the glucocorticoid stress response of vertebrates in the Gulf of Mexico, but the mechanisms are unclear. We hypothesized that inhibition of cortisol release may be due to 1) overstimulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–inter-renal (HPI) axis, or 2) an inhibition of cortisol biosynthesis through PAH activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Using a flow-through system, Gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta) were continuously exposed to control conditions or one of 3 environmentally relevant concentrations of PAHs from Deepwater Horizon oil (∑PAH50 = 0–3 μg L–1) for up to 7 d. One group of toadfish was then exposed to a recovery period for up to 7 d. No changes in corticotrophin-releasing factor mRNA expression, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), or pituitary mass suggested that overstimulation of the HPI axis was not a factor. The AhR activation was measured by an elevation of cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A) mRNA expression within the HPI axis in fish exposed to high PAH concentrations; however, CYP1A was no longer induced after 3 d of recovery in any of the tissues. At 7 d of recovery, there was an impairment of cortisol release in response to an additional simulated predator chase that does not appear to be due to changes in the mRNA expression of the kidney steroidogenic pathway proteins steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage, and 11β-hydroxylase. Future analyses are needed to determine whether the stress response impairment is due to cholesterol availability and/or down-regulation of the melanocortin 2 receptor. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1062–1074. © 2020 SETAC
Update on SWI/SNF‐related gynecologic mesenchymal neoplasms: SMARCA4‐deficient uterine sarcoma and SMARCB1‐deficient vulvar neoplasms
Authors: Howitt Brooke E. , Folpe Andrew L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOur knowledge regarding the role of genes encoding the chromatin remodeling switch/sucrose non‐fermenting (SWI/SNF) complex in the initiation and progression of gynecologic malignancies continues to evolve. This review focuses on gynecologic tumors in which the sole or primary genetic alteration is in SMARCA4 or SMARCB1, two members of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. In this review, we present a brief overview of the classical example of such tumors, ovarian small cell carcinoma of hypercalcemic type, and then a detailed review and update of SMARCB1‐deficient and SMARCA4‐deficient tumors of the uterus and vulva.
Rapid and Ultrasensitive Detection of Mutations and Genes Relevant to Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria
Authors: Huber François , Lang Hans Peter , Lang Daniela , Wüthrich Daniel , Hinić Vladimira , Gerber Christoph , Egli Adrian , Meyer Ernst 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe worldwide emergence of multidrug‐resistant (MDR) bacteria is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Rapid and accurate diagnostic methods to detect antibiotic resistance are critical for antibiotic stewardship and infection control measurements. Here a cantilever nanosensor‐based diagnostic assay is shown to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genes associated with antibiotic resistance in Gram negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and positive (Enterococcus faecium) bacteria, representing frequent causes for MDR infections. Highly specific RNA capture probes for SNPs (ampRD135G or ampRG154R) or resistance genes (vanA, vanB, and vanD) allow to detect the binding of bacterial RNA within less than 5 min. Serial dilutions of bacterial RNA indicate an unprecedented sensitivity of 10 fg µL−1 total RNA corresponding to less than ten bacterial cells for SNPs and 1 fg µL−1 total RNA for vanD detection equivalent to single bacterial cell sensitivity.
Satellite glia as a critical component of diabetic neuropathy: Role of lipocalin‐2 and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase‐2 axis in the dorsal root ganglion
Authors: Bhusal Anup , Rahman Md Habibur , Lee Won‐Ha , Lee In‐Kyu , Suk Kyoungho 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDiabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of uncontrolled diabetes. The pathogenesis of DPN is associated with chronic inflammation in dorsal root ganglion (DRG), eventually causing structural and functional changes. Studies on DPN have primarily focused on neuronal component, and there is limited knowledge about the role of satellite glial cells (SGCs), although they completely enclose neuronal soma in DRG. Lipocalin‐2 (LCN2) is a pro‐inflammatory acute‐phase protein found in high levels in diverse neuroinflammatory and metabolic disorders. In diabetic DRG, the expression of LCN2 was increased exclusively in the SGCs. This upregulation of LCN2 in SGCs correlated with increased inflammatory responses in DRG and sciatic nerve. Furthermore, diabetes‐induced inflammation and morphological changes in DRG, as well as sciatic nerve, were attenuated in Lcn2 knockout (KO) mice. Lcn2 gene ablation also ameliorated neuropathy phenotype as determined by nerve conduction velocity and intraepidermal nerve fiber density. Mechanistically, studies using specific gene KO mice, adenovirus‐mediated gene overexpression strategy, and primary cultures of DRG SGCs and neurons have demonstrated that LCN2 enhances the expression of mitochondrial gate‐keeping regulator pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase‐2 (PDK2) through PPARβ/δ, thereby inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and increasing production of glycolytic end product lactic acid in DRG SGCs and neurons of diabetic mice. Collectively, our findings reveal a crucial role of glial LCN2‐PPARβ/δ‐PDK2‐lactic acid axis in progression of DPN. Our results establish a link between pro‐inflammatory LCN2 and glycolytic PDK2 in DRG SGCs and neurons and propose a novel glia‐based mechanism and drug target for therapy of DPN.Main Points
Diabetes upregulates LCN2 in satellite glia, which in turn increases pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase‐2 (PDK2) expression and lactic acid production in dorsal root ganglia (DRG).
Glial LCN2‐PDK2‐lactic acid axis in DRG plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy.
Adolescent use of hair dyes, straighteners and perms in relation to breast cancer risk
Authors: White Alexandra J. , Gregoire Allyson M. , Taylor Kyla W. , Eberle Carolyn , Gaston Symielle , O'Brien Katie M. , Jackson Chandra L. , Sandler Dale P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHair products can contain hormonally active and carcinogenic compounds. Adolescence may be a period of enhanced susceptibility of the breast tissue to exposure to chemicals. We therefore evaluated associations between adolescent hair product use and breast cancer risk. Sister Study participants (ages 35‐74 years) who had completed enrollment questionnaires (2003‐2009) on use of hair dyes, straighteners/relaxers and perms at ages 10 to 13 years (N = 47 522) were included. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for associations between hair products and incident breast cancer (invasive cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ), with consideration of heterogeneity by menopausal status and race/ethnicity. Over an average of 10 years of follow‐up, 3380 cases were diagnosed. Frequent use of straighteners and perms was associated with a higher risk of premenopausal (HR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.26‐3.55 and HR = 1.55, 95% CI: 0.96‐2.53, respectively) but not postmenopausal breast cancer (HR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.76‐1.30 and HR = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.89‐1.35, respectively). Permanent hair dye use during adolescence was uncommon (<3%) and not associated with breast cancer overall (HR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.78‐1.20), though any permanent dye use was associated with a higher risk among black women (HR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.01‐3.11). Although frequency of use of perms (37% non‐Hispanic white vs 9% black) and straighteners (3% non‐Hispanic white vs 75% black) varied by race/ethnicity, associations with breast cancer did not. Use of hair products, specifically perms and straighteners, during adolescence may be associated with a higher risk of premenopausal breast cancer.
Targeting CTLA‐4 in cancer: Is it the ideal companion for PD‐1 blockade immunotherapy combinations?
Authors: De Silva Pushpamali , Aiello Marco , Gu‐Trantien Chunyan , Migliori Edoardo , Willard‐Gallo Karen , Solinas Cinzia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractImmunotherapy approaches boosting spontaneous and durable antitumor immune responses through immune checkpoint blockade are revolutionizing treatment and patient outcomes in solid tumors and hematological malignancies. Among the various inhibitory molecules employed by the immune system to regulate the adaptive immune responses, cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen‐4 (CTLA‐4) is the first successfully targeted immune checkpoint molecule in the clinic, giving rise to significant but selective benefit either when targeted alone or in combination with anti‐programmed cell death protein‐1 (PD‐1) antibodies (Abs). However, the use of anti‐CTLA‐4 Abs was associated with the incidence of autoimmune‐like adverse events (AEs), which were particularly frequent and severe with the use of combinational strategies. Nevertheless, the higher incidence of AEs is associated with an improved clinical benefit indicating treatment response. A prompt recognition of AEs followed by early and adequate treatment with immunosuppressive agents allows the management of these potentially serious AEs. This narrative review aims to summarize CTLA‐4 biology, the rationale for the use as a companion for anti‐PD‐1 Abs in humans with results from the most relevant Phase III clinical trials including anti‐CTLA‐4 Abs in combination with anti‐PD‐1 Abs in solid tumors.
Comprehensive trends in incidence, treatment, survival and mortality of first primary invasive breast cancer stratified by age, stage and receptor subtype in the Netherlands between 1989 and 2017
Authors: van der Meer Daniël J. , Kramer Iris , van Maaren Marissa C. , van Diest Paul J. , C. Linn Sabine , Maduro John H. , J.A. Strobbe Luc , Siesling Sabine , Schmidt Marjanka K. , Voogd Adri C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOur study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of trends in incidence, survival, mortality and treatment of first primary invasive breast cancer (BC), according to age, stage and receptor subtype in the Netherlands between 1989 and 2017. Data from all women diagnosed with first primary stage I to IV BC (N = 320 249) were obtained from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. BC mortality and general population data were retrieved from Statistics Netherlands. Age‐standardised incidence and mortality rates were calculated with annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) statistics. The relative survival (RS) was used as estimator for disease‐specific survival. The BC incidence for all BC patients combined significantly increased until 2013 from 126 to 158 per 100 000 person‐years, after which a declining trend was observed. Surgery became less extensive, but (neo‐)adjuvant systemic treatments and their combinations were given more frequently. The RS improved for all age groups and for most stages and receptor subtypes, but remained stable for all subtypes since 2012 to 2013 and since 2000 to 2009 for Stage IV BC at 15 years of follow‐up. Overall, the 5‐ and 10‐year RS increased from 76.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 76.1, 77.4) and 55.9% (95% CI: 54.7, 57.1) in 1989 to 1999 to 91.0% (95% CI: 90.5, 91.5) and 82.9% (95% CI: 82.2, 83.5), respectively, in 2010 to 2016. BC mortality improved regardless of age and overall decreased from 57 to 35 per 100 000 person‐years between 1989 and 2017. In conclusion, the BC incidence in the Netherlands has steadily increased since 1989, but the latest trends show promising declines. Survival improved markedly for most patients and the mortality decreased regardless of age.
Tumor‐secreted proliferin‐1 regulates adipogenesis and lipolysis in cachexia
Authors: Nguyen Tuan Duc , Miyatake Yuji , Yoshida Takeshi , Kawahara Hironori , Hanayama Rikinari 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCancer‐associated cachexia (CAC) is a common syndrome in cancer patients and is characterized by loss of body weight accompanied by the atrophy of fat and skeletal muscle. Metabolic changes are a critical factor in CAC; however, the mechanisms through which tumors inhibit adipogenesis and promote lipolysis are poorly understood. To clarify these mechanisms, we investigated adipogenesis‐limiting factors released by tumors in a cell culture system. We identified proliferin‐1 (PLF‐1), a member of the growth hormone/prolactin gene family, as a key factor secreted from certain tumors that inhibited preadipocyte maturation and promoted the lipolysis of mature adipocytes. Importantly, mice transplanted with PLF‐1‐depleted tumor cells were protected from fat loss due to CAC. These data show that tumor‐secreted PLF‐1 plays an essential role in impaired adipogenesis and accelerated lipolysis and is a potential therapeutic target against CAC.
Utility of whole‐body diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging in the management of treatment‐related neuroendocrine prostate cancer
Authors: Kurashina Ryo , Kijima Toshiki , Okazaki Akihito , Fuchizawa Hirotaka , Suzuki Issei , Sakamoto Kazumasa , Betsunoh Hironori , Fukabori Yoshitatsu , Yashi Masahiro , Kamai Takao 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionTreatment‐related neuroendocrine prostate cancer, a rare and aggressive malignancy that emerges during androgen deprivation therapy characterized by low serum prostate‐specific antigen concentrations, is challenging to monitor because it is associated with predominantly visceral and lytic bone metastases.Case presentationWe describe the case of a 69‐year‐old man with treatment‐related neuroendocrine prostate cancer in whom the treatment response could be monitored using whole‐body diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging in addition to serum concentrations of neuroendocrine markers. The patient responded well to platinum‐based chemotherapy and achieved a complete response, as evidenced by these diagnostic modalities.ConclusionOur case suggests that whole‐body diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging is useful in disease management for treatment‐related neuroendocrine prostate cancer as well as the potential evaluation of mixed responses and treatment resistance.
Polyvinyl alcohol and pectin blended films: Preparation, characterization, and mesenchymal stem cells attachment
Authors: Kraskouski Aliaksandr , Hileuskaya Kseniya , Kulikouskaya Viktoryia , Kabanava Volha , Agabekov Vladimir , Pinchuk Sergei , Vasilevich Irina , Volotovski Igor , Kuznetsova Tatyana , Lapitskaya Vasilina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe design of novel wound dressings for chronic wound treatment is still of great importance. One of the promising approaches is application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), immobilized on a flexible polymer film, for healing. In this study, blended films based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and pectin with different component ratio have been prepared by solution casting method and evaluated. Physicochemical properties of the formed PVA/pectin films, including their morphology, wettability, swelling, stability, mechanical characteristics, have been studied. We demonstrated that the surface of PVA/pectin films could be modified by ultraviolet or dielectric barrier discharge plasma exposure. After both ultraviolet and plasma treatment, the hydrophilicity of PVA/pectin films increased. It has been shown that additional crosslinking of PVA/pectin films with glutaraldehyde resulted in reinforcement of their structure. MSCs were cultured on neat and modified PVA/pectin samples to evaluate the effects of film characteristics and composition on cell behavior. It has been determined that MSCs effectively adhered to glutaraldehyde‐crosslinked PVA/pectin films and formed on them the monolayer culture of fibroblast‐like cells. The additional modification of PVA/pectin films with collagen resulted in enhancement of MSCs adhesion. Our results show that the obtained PVA/pectin films with adhered MSCs can be suggested for potential application as a part of novel complex wound dressings.