bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Prognostic Nomogram Based on Immune Scores in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients
Authors: Hui Xie , Jianfang Zhang , Li Qing 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Immunotherapy has significantly altered the treatment landscape for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).However, there is no report on the prediction of overall survival (OS) of lung adenocarcinoma (LDAC) based on immune score. In this study,we aim to investigate the immune scores of the LADC and the prognosis-related factors and construct a nomogram for prognosis prediction.Methods:A total of 407 cases were included in the study.And the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with LADC and immune scores were download from TCGA database.We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Nomograms were framed from Cox models and internally validated by use of 1000 bootstrap.Model discrimination was assessed by using the concordance index (c-index) and the calibration curve.Results：Patients were divided into groups with low, moderate, or high Subgroups based on immune scores.This study shows that compared with patients with low and intermediate immune scores, only those with high immune scores had significantly improved OS (HR and 95% confidence interval[CI]:0.488 [0.327‐0.730]).The C‐index for OS prediction was 0.707(95% CI, 0.664‐0.750) .The calibration curves for prediction of 3-years and 5-years OS probabilities demonstrated good calibration and discrimination.Conclusions：High immune scores Subgroup is very significantly correlated with better OS in patients with LADC. Moreover, the nomograms for predicting prognosis may help to assess the survival of patients with LADC.
Gastric Cancer Surgical Experience from a single expert Western center: case series results
Authors: Graziosi Luigina , Marino Elisabetta , Avenia Stefano , Vannoni Maria Cristina , Donini Annibale 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Surgical treatment plays a key role in the cure of gastric cancer. Our aim was to analyzed changes both in outcomes and in the epidemiology, over a time period of 15 years.Methods410 patients operated between January 2004 and December 2018 were enrolled. Patients were subdivided into 3 groups. The entire cohort was evaluated, and a more detailed analysys was made in patients that underwent a curative surgery. Survival outcomes and oncological surgical outcomes have been described and correlated with Overall Survival. Results Results showed an increase trend in gastric cancer operation over the time period analyzed ( p< 0.05).Overall and disease free survival did not vary in the different time periods. In patients treated with the intent to cure: 5- and 10-Year survivals were respectively: 44% and 34.7%; 5- and 10 years disease free survival were 50.7 and 49.4%. Type of lymphadenectomy and number of lymphondal harvested changed significantly over the time (p < 0.05). Conclusions Gastric surgery must be done in an experienced center to obtain oncological outcomes; in selected cases an extended lymphadenectomy could give survival benefit to patients with locally advanced gastric cancer.
Anxiety, depression and social support in Chinese pregnant women with a history of recurrent miscarriage: a prospective study
Authors: Qu Jia , Weng Xueling , Gao Ling-ling 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Women with a history of recurrent miscarriage(RM) are a more vulnerable population, caring for the pregnant women with a history of RM is quite needed. Although evidence suggests an association among anxiety, depression and social support. Yet, it is unclear about changes in and relationships between anxiety, depression and social support among the pregnant women with a history of RM throughout the pregnancy period. The aim of this study was to examine the changes in and relationships among anxiety, depression and social support across three trimesters of pregnancy in Chinese women with a history of RM. Methods: A prospective, longitudinal study was employed. The study was carried out between September 2016 and October 2017 in a teaching hospital in Guangzhou, China. A convenience sample of 166 pregnant women with a history of RM completed the measures at their 6-12, 20-24 and 32-36 gestational weeks. data were collected by a master student with Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and the Perceived Social Support Scale. Results: Anxiety decreased from the early pregnancy to late pregnancy while depression first declined from early pregnancy to mid-pregnancy then remained to late pregnancy. Social support increased from early pregnancy to mid-pregnancy and then remained to late pregnancy. There were correlations in anxiety, depression and social support across the three trimesters of pregnancy. Conclusions: Anxiety and depression are highly prevalent in pregnant women with a history of RM, especially in early pregnancy, which merits clinical attention. Social support was an important buffer against anxiety and depression across the pregnancy. Interventions targeting women with RM may improve the health outcomes of women and their children.
A CRISPR/dCas9 toolkit for functional analysis of maize genes
Authors: Gentzel Irene , Park Chan Ho , Bellizzi Maria , Xiao Guiqing , Gadharve Kiran , Murphree Colin , Yang Qin , LaMantia Jonathan , Redinbaugh Margaret , Balint-Kurti Peter , Sit Tim , Wang Guo-Liang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The C lustered R egularly I nterspaced S hort P alindromic R epeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system has become a powerful tool for functional genomics in plants. The RNA-guided nuclease can be used to not only generate precise genomic mutations, but also to manipulate gene expression when present as a deactivated protein (dCas9).
Results: In this study, we describe a vector toolkit for analyzing dCas9-mediated activation (CRISPRa) or inactivation (CRISPRi) of gene expression in maize protoplasts. An improved maize protoplast isolation and transfection method is presented, as well as a description of dCas9 vectors to enhance or repress maize gene expression. Additionally, we describe the utility of Foxtail Mosaic Virus (FoMV), a positive-sense RNA monocot virus, as a vector for delivering guide RNAs (gRNAs) to maize protoplasts in addition to whole plants.
Conclusions: We anticipate that this maize protoplast toolkit will streamline the analysis of gRNA candidates and facilitate genetic studies of important trait genes in this transformation-recalcitrant plant.
Identifying Characteristics of Frequent and Highly Frequent Users of the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study
Authors: An Byeung Ki , Lee Tiffany Jane , Kim Sang Mi , Cho Suck Ju , Park Joonbum 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction:

Since the characteristics of frequent emergency department (ED) users are heterogeneous, it is impossible to mitigate the overcrowding of the ED without the basic data of diagnoses and risk factors of frequent ED users. Our study will provide invaluable information that will help predict patient demand for medical resources while also providing important information that can be used to improve emergency medical services.
Methods

This is the cross-sectional observational study using records from The Korea Health Insurance Review Agency. Frequent ED users were defined as patients who visited an ED more than 7–17 times per calendar year and highly frequent ED users were defined as patients who visited an ED eighteen or more times during the same period. The diseases were ranked by prevalence in each of the three ED frequency groups (less frequent, frequent, and highly frequent ED user groups). Our study then developed two logistic regression models comparing frequent users with less frequent users and highly frequent users with frequent users. Standardized ß values were used to rank risk factor importance.
Results

Although less frequent ED users composed 98.98% of all patients, they only consisted of 92.27% of all ED visits. Compared with less frequent users, a greater proportion of frequent ED users were aged 65 years or older and were insured by Medicaid or Veterans Affair Health Care Program. Frequent ED users were also most strongly defined by wound dressing follow-up visits and liver diseases (standardized ß value of 3.29 and 2.31). However, this study did not show highly frequent ED users differed from frequent ED users in regard to the different disease categories.
Conclusion

The diagnoses and risk factors related to frequent ED visits in Korea identified in this study will be an important reference for future research aimed at reducing ED overcrowding. By further analyzing the risk factors associated with frequent ED use, non-emergency administrative systems or medical facilities can be utilized to reduce the overload on the ED.
Mechanical ventilation of patients in helicopter emergency medical service transport: An international survey
Authors: Hilbert-Carius Peter , Struck Manuel , Hofer Veronika , Hinkelbein Jochen , Rognas Leif , Adler Jörn , Christian Michael D. , Wurmb Thomas , Bernhard Michael , Hossfeld Björn 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Mechanical ventilation in helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) environments is a procedure which carries a significant risk of complications. Limited data on the quality and performance of mechanical ventilation in HEMS are available in the literature. Method: We conducted an international survey to evaluate mechanical ventilation infrastructure in HEMS and collect data of transported ventilated patients. From June 20-22, 2019, the participating HEMS bases were asked to provide data via a web-based platform. Results: Fifty-three HEMS bases responded. Respondents were from Germany, Denmark, United Kingdom, Luxembourg, Austria and Switzerland. Of the HEMS bases, all medical team leaders were physicians, mainly anesthesiologists (79%), the majority were board certified (92.5%) and trained in intensive care medicine (89%) and had a median (range) experience in HEMS of 9 (0-25) years. HEMS may provide a high level of expertise in mechanical ventilation whereas the majority of ventilators are able to provide pressure controlled ventilation and continuous positive airway pressure modes (77%). Data of 30 ventilated patients with a median (range) age of 54 (21-100) years and 53% male gender were analyzed. Conclusion: In this pilot study, the management of ventilated HEMS-patients was not associated with ventilation related serious adverse events. Individual circumstances of patients, training of medical crew and different technical and environmental resources are likely to influence management. Further studies involving ventilated patients are necessary to assess safety and process quality of mechanical ventilation in HEMS.
Clinical Characteristics and CT Manifestations of 143 Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Taizhou City, Zhejiang, China
Authors: Kuang Yani , He Susu , Lin Shuangxiang , Zhu Rui , Zhou Rongzhen , Ying Shuying , Li Renzhan , Lin Haiyong , Zhang Zhibang , Pang Peipei , Ji Wenbin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: In December 2019, the first case of pneumonia associated with the SARS-CoV-2 was found in Wuhan and rapidly spread throughout China, so data are needed on the affected patients. The purpose of our study was to find the clinical manifestations and CT features of COVID-19.Methods: All patients with COVID-19 in Taizhou city were retrospectively included and divided into non-severe group and severe group according to the severity of the disease. The clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations and imaging features of COVID-19 patients were analyzed, and the differences between the two groups were compared.Results: A total of 143 laboratory-confirmed cases were included in the study, including 110 non-severe patients and 33 severe patients. The median age of patients was 47 (range 4–86 years). Fever (73.4%) and cough (63.6%) were the most common initial clinical symptoms. Between two groups of cases, the results of aspartate transaminase, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, serum albumin, CR, glomerular filtration rate, amyloid protein A, fibrinogen, calcitonin level and oxygen partial pressure, IL – 10, absolute value of CD3, CD4, CD8 were different, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Therefore, these quantitative indicators can be used to help assess the severity. On admission, the CT showed that the lesions were mostly distributed in the periphery of the lung or subpleural (135 cases (98%)), and most of lesions presented as patchy (81%), mixed density (63%) shadow. Consolidation (68% vs 41%), bronchial inflation signs (59% vs 41%), and bronchiectasis (71% vs 39%) were more common in the severe group.Conclusions: Most of the cases of COVID-19 in Taizhou have mild symptoms and no death. In addition to clinical symptoms, some laboratory tests (such as absolute values of CD4 and CD8) and CT findings can be used to assess the severity of the disease.
CD14+CD16- Monocytes Are the Main Precursors of Osteoclasts in Rheumatoid Arthritis via Expressing Tyro3TK
Authors: Xue Jimeng , Xu Liling , Zhu Huaqun , Bai Mingxin , Li Xin , Zhao Zhen , Zhong Hua , Cheng Gong , Li Xue , Hu Fanlei , Su Yin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Monocytes as precursors of osteoclasts in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were well demonstrated, while monocyte subsets in osteoclast formation were still controversial. Tyro3 tyrosine kinase (Tyro3TK) is a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family involved in immune homeostasis, the role of which in osteoclast differentiation was reported recently. This study aimed to compare the osteoclastic capacity of CD14+CD16+ and CD14+CD16− monocytes in RA and determine the potential involvement of Tyro3TK in their osteoclastogenesis.Methods Osteoclasts were induced in CD14+CD16+ and CD14+CD16− monocyte subsets isolated from healthy control (HC) and RA patients in vitro and evaluated by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. Then, the expression of Tyro3TK on CD14+CD16+ and CD14+CD16− monocyte subsets in peripheral blood of RA, osteoarthritis (OA), and HC were evaluated by flow cytometry, and their correlation with RA patient clinical and immunological features were analyzed. The role of Tyro3TK on CD14+CD16− monocytes in RA patient osteoclastogenesis was further investigated by osteoclast differentiation assay with Tyro3TK blockade.Results The results revealed that CD14+CD16− monocytes were the main source of osteoclasts. The expression of Tyro3TK on CD14+CD16− monocytes was significantly upregulated in RA patients compared with HC and OA patients, and positively correlated with the disease manifestations, such as IgM level, tender joint count and the disease activity score. Moreover, anti-Tyro3TK antibody could dose-dependently inhibited Gas6-mediated osteoclast differentiation in CD14+CD16− monocytes.Conclusions These findings indicate that elevated Tyro3TK on CD14+CD16− monocytes serves as a critical signal for osteoclast differentiation in RA.
The cultural practice of removing shoes indoors is relevant to the mortality rate of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
Authors: Iwasaki Soshi , Takahashi Kazunobu , Yamakage Michiaki 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Japan has had a lower number of SARS-CoV-2 cases than anticipated. Hence, we hypothesize that the habit of removing shoes indoors, which is practiced in various countries, might influence the SARS-CoV-2 transmission patterns and COVID-19 associated morbidity and mortality through transmission-based infection. There are significantly fewer COVID-19 deaths in countries that follow the cultural practice of removing shoes indoors.
Early gastric cancer with three gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors combined with synchronous colon cancer: A case report
Authors: Lee Sung Chul , Nam Kwangwoo , Kim Dong-Wook 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: This study presented a rare case of early gastric cancer (EGC) with multiple gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) combined with synchronous colon cancer and to discuss the progress of treatment in this disease.Case presentation: We report our experience with a case of multiple tumors, which were found at the same time in the abdomen. The patient was a 77-year-old man who was referred for a gastric GIST. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed the known lesion (a gastric GIST) on the lesser curvature of the high body and a new lesion on the lesser curvature of the low body with suspicion of EGC. A computed tomographic scan confirmed the presence of a GIST in the stomach and revealed two new lesions. One was suspected to be a 4 cm submucosal tumor on the anterior wall of the high body of the stomach. The other was a wall thickening of the descending colon, which demonstrated the possibility of malignancy. Colonoscopy confirmed synchronous colon cancer. Laparoscopic near-total gastrectomy with D1+ lymph node dissection and left hemicolectomy were performed sequentially without significant events. The patient was discharged without any postoperative complications.Conclusions: We report the case of a rare patient with EGC with multiple gastric GISTs combined with synchronous colon cancer.
A Combined Evidence Approach to Prioritize Nipah Virus Inhibitors
Authors: Kumari Nishi , Upadhyay Ayush , Kalia Kishan , Kumar Rakesh , Tuteja Kanika , Paul Priyanka Rani , Covernton Eugenia , Sharma Tina , Scaria Vinod , Bhardwaj Anshu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Nipah Virus (NiV) came into limelight due to an outbreak in Kerala, India. NiV causes severe disease and death in people with over 75% case fatality rate. It is a public health concern and has the potential to become a global pandemic. Lack of treatment has forced the containment methods to be restricted to isolation and surveillance. WHO’s‘R&D Blueprint list of priority diseases’ (2018) indicates that there is an urgent need for accelerated research & development for addressing NiV.In the quest for druglike NiV inhibitors (NVIs) a thorough literature search followed by systematic data curation was conducted. Rigorous data analysis was done with curated NVIs for prioritizing druglike compounds. For the same, more than 1800 descriptors of NVIs were computed and comparative analysis was performed with the FDA approved small molecules and antivirals. These compounds were further evaluated through PAINS filter to study their toxicity profile. Simultaneously, compounds were also prioritized based on the robustness of the assays through which they were identified. Our efforts lead to the creation of a well-curated structured knowledgebase of 182 NVIs with 98 small molecule inhibitors. The reported IC50/EC50 values for some of these inhibitors are in the nanomolar range – as low as 0.47 nM. In order to prioritize these inhibitors, we performed several tests and applied filters to identify drug-like non-toxic compounds. Of 98, a few compounds passed DruLito & PAINS filters exhibiting drug-like properties and were also prioritized in an independent screen based only the assay robustness. The NVIs have diverse structural features and offer a wide spectrum of ways in which they can be developed further as druglike molecules.We report a knowledgebase for furthering the development of NVIs. The platform has a diverse set of 98 NVIs of which a few have been prioritized based on a combined evidence strategy. The platform has the provision to submit new inhibitors as and when reported by the community for further enhancementof NiV inhibitor landscape.
Traumatic brain injury - the effects of patient age on treatment intensity and mortality
Authors: Skaansar Ola , Tverdal Cathrine , Rønning Pål Andre , Skogen Karoline , Brommeland Tor , Røise Olav , Aarhus Mads , Andelic Nada , Helseth Eirik 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Ageing is associated with worse treatment outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI). This association may lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy that affects treatment efficacy. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the role of treatment bias in patient outcomes by studying the intensity of diagnostic procedures, treatment, and overall 30-day mortality in different age groups of patients with TBI.
Methods
Included in this study was consecutively admitted patients with TBI, aged ≥ 15 years, with a cerebral CT showing intracranial signs of trauma, during the time-period between 2015–2018. Data were extracted from our prospective quality control registry for admitted TBI patients. As a measure of management intensity in different age groups, we made a composite score, where use of advanced TBI imaging, placement of intracranial pressure monitor, ventilator treatment, and evacuation of intracranial mass lesion each gave one point. Uni- and multivariate survival analyses were performed using logistic multinomial regression.
Results
A total of 1,571 patients with TBI fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The median age was 58 years (range 15–98), 70% were men, and 39% were ≥ 65 years. Head injury severity was mild in 706 patients (45%), moderate in 437 (28%), and severe in 428 (27%). Increasing age was associated with less management intensity, as measured using the composite score, irrespective of head injury severity. Multivariate analyses showed that the following parameters had a significant association with an increased risk of death within 30 days of trauma: increasing age, moderate/severe TBI, Rotterdam CT-score ≥ 4, and low management intensity (composite score ≤ 3).
Conclusion
The present study indicates that the management intensity of hospitalised patients with TBI decreased with advanced age and that low management intensity was associated with an increased risk of 30-day mortality. This suggests that the high mortality among elderly TBI patients may have an element of treatment bias and could in the future be limited with a more aggressive management regime.
The Impact of Two Embryo Culture Media, SOF and Commercial BO, on Pre- and Post-Implantation Development of Cloned Sannen Goat Embryos
Authors: Hajian Mehdi , Jafarpour Farnoosh , Aghamiri Sayed Morteza , Varnosfaderani Shiva Rouhollahi , Rahimi Mohsen , Nasr-Esfahani Mohammad Hossein 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.