bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New techniques for a measurement of the electron’s electric dipole moment
Authors: Ho C J , Devlin J A , Rabey I M , Yzombard P , Lim J , Wright S C , Fitch N J , Hinds E A , Tarbutt M R , Sauer B E 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The electric dipole moment of the electron (eEDM) can be measured with high precision using heavy polar molecules. In this paper, we report on a series of new techniques that have improved the statistical sensitivity of the YbF eEDM experiment. We increase the number of molecules participating in the experiment by an order of magnitude using a carefully designed optical pumping scheme. We also increase the detection efficiency of these molecules by another order of magnitude using an optical cycling scheme. In addition, we show how to destabilise dark states and reduce backgrounds that otherwise limit the efficiency of these techniques. Together, these improvements allow us to demonstrate a statistical sensitivity of 1.8 × 10−28 e cm after one day of measurement, which is 1.2 times the shot-noise limit. The techniques presented here are applicable to other high-precision measurements using molecules.
Implications of non-linearities between cumulative CO2 emissions and CO2-induced warming for assessing the remaining carbon budget
Authors: Nicholls Z R J , Gieseke R , Lewis J , Nauels A , Meinshausen M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
To determine the remaining carbon budget, a new framework was introduced in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C (SR1.5). We refer to this as a ‘segmented’ framework because it considers the various components of the carbon budget derivation independently from one another. Whilst implementing this segmented framework, in SR1.5 the assumption was that there is a strictly linear relationship between cumulative CO2 emissions and CO2-induced warming i.e. the TCRE is constant and can be applied to a range of emissions scenarios. Here we test whether such an approach is able to replicate results from model simulations that take the climate system’s internal feedbacks and non-linearities into account. Within our modelling framework, following the SR1.5’s choices leads to smaller carbon budgets than using simulations with interacting climate components. For 1.5 °C and 2 °C warming targets, the differences are 50 GtCO2 (or 10%) and 260 GtCO2 (or 17%), respectively. However, by relaxing the assumption of strict linearity, we find that this difference can be reduced to around 0 GtCO2 for 1.5 °C of warming and 80 GtCO2 (or 5%) for 2.0 °C of warming (for middle of the range estimates of the carbon cycle and warming response to anthropogenic emissions). We propose an updated implementation of the segmented framework that allows for the consideration of non-linearities between cumulative CO2 emissions and CO2-induced warming.
SBA-15 synthesis from sodium silicate prepared with sand and sodium hydroxide
Authors: Lázaro A L , Rodríguez-Valadez Francisco J , López J J Machorro , Espejel-Ayala F 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In the industry, sodium carbonate is used to prepare sodium silicate; however, this process generates great volumes of CO2. In this work, sodium hydroxide has been proposed to prepare sodium silicate using natural sand. Two experimental variables were considered, sodium hydroxide concentration and temperature to prepare sodium silicate. Results show the formation of sodium silicate with a NaOH:sand ratio = 1.1 at 550 °C. Moreover, an economical revision was achieved to compare costs of sodium silicate with sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate. The use of sodium hydroxide permits to decrease CO2 emissions generated in the decomposition of sodium carbonate. Additionally, the sodium silicate prepared herein was used to synthesize a zeolite type material, SBA-15. SBA-15 obtained has similar characteristics than the commercial mesoporous material. The use of sodium silicate prepared with non-pure sand for preparing mesoporous materials is an economical and friendly environmental alternative.
Optical trapping and orientation-resolved spectroscopy of europium-doped nanorods
Authors: Kumar Aashutosh , Kim Jeongmo , Lahlil Khalid , Julie Gwénaëlle , Nic Chormaic Síle , Kim Jongwook , Gacoin Thierry , Fick Jochen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Europium-doped NaYF4 nanorods with a high aspect ratio are optically trapped using a single fibre tip optical tweezers. Three distinct trapping positions of the nanorods are observed: in contact with the fibre tip, close to the tip and 5 µm from the tip end. The direction and polarisation-dependent Eu3 +  photoluminescence is investigated by recording the emission parallel and perpendicular to the nanorod long axis through the trapping fibre and the microscope objective, respectively. These spectroscopic measurements permit an unambiguous determination of the nanorod orientation.
Fracture behavior in battery materials
Authors: Li Ping , Zhao Yibo , Shen Yongxing , Bo Shou-Hang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The fracture of battery materials is one of the main causes of battery degradation. This issue is further amplified in emerging solid-state batteries, where the more robust interface between the liquid electrolyte and solid electrode in conventional batteries is replaced by a brittle solid–solid interface. In this review, we summarize the observed fracture behavior in battery materials, the origin of fracture initiation and propagation, as well as the factors that affect the fracture processes of battery materials. Both experimental and modeling analyses are presented. Finally, future developments regarding the quantification of fracture, the interplay of chemo-mechanical factors, and battery lifespan design are discussed along with a proposed theoretical framework, in analogy to fatigue damage, to better understand battery material fracture upon extended cycling.
TwisTranscripT: stochastic simulation of the transcription-supercoiling coupling
Authors: El Houdaigui Bilal , Meyer Sam 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Summary
Transcription and DNA supercoiling are involved in a complex, dynamical and non-linear coupling that results from the basal interaction between DNA and RNA polymerase. We present the first software to simulate this coupling, applicable to a wide range of bacterial organisms. TwisTranscripT allows quantifying its contribution in global transcriptional regulation, and provides a mechanistic basis for the widely observed, evolutionarily conserved and currently unexplained co-regulation of adjacent operons that might play an important role in genome evolution.

Availability and implementation
TwisTranscripT is freely available at https://github.com/sammeyer2017/TwisTranscripT. It is implemented in Python3 and supported on MacOS X, Linux and Windows.
Fine-mapping within eQTL credible intervals by expression CROP-seq
Authors: Pan Yidan , Tian Ruoyu , Lee Ciaran , Bao Gang , Gibson Greg 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The majority of genome-wide association study (GWAS)-identified SNPs are located in noncoding regions of genes and are likely to influence disease risk and phenotypes by affecting gene expression. Since credible intervals responsible for genome-wide associations typically consist of ≥100 variants with similar statistical support, experimental methods are needed to fine map causal variants. We report here a moderate-throughput approach to identifying regulatory GWAS variants, expression CROP-seq, which consists of multiplex CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing combined with single-cell RNAseq to measure perturbation in transcript abundance. Mutations were induced in the HL60/S4 myeloid cell line nearby 57 SNPs in three genes, two of which, rs2251039 and rs35675666, significantly altered CISD1 and PARK7 expression, respectively, with strong replication and validation in single-cell clones. The sites overlap with chromatin accessibility peaks and define causal variants for inflammatory bowel disease at the two loci. This relatively inexpensive approach should be scalable for broad surveys and is also implementable for the fine mapping of individual genes.
Simulation of the Clinical and Pathological Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a Golden Syrian Hamster Model: Implications for Disease Pathogenesis and Transmissibility
Authors: Chan Jasper Fuk-Woo , Zhang Anna Jinxia , Yuan Shuofeng , Poon Vincent Kwok-Man , Chan Chris Chung-Sing , Lee Andrew Chak-Yiu , Chan Wan-Mui , Fan Zhimeng , Tsoi Hoi-Wah , Wen Lei , Liang Ronghui , Cao Jianli , Chen Yanxia , Tang Kaiming , Luo Cuiting , Cai Jian-Piao , Kok Kin-Hang , Chu Hin , Chan Kwok-Hung , Sridhar Siddharth , Chen Zhiwei , Chen Honglin , To Kelvin Kai-Wang , Yuen Kwok-Yung 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
A physiological small-animal model that resembles COVID-19 with low mortality is lacking.

Methods
Molecular docking on the binding between angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) of common laboratory mammals and the receptor-binding domain of the surface spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 suggested that the golden Syrian hamster is an option. Virus challenge, contact transmission, and passive immunoprophylaxis studies were performed. Serial organ tissues and blood were harvested for histopathology, viral load and titer, chemokine/cytokine level, and neutralizing antibody titer.

Results
The Syrian hamster could be consistently infected by SARS-CoV-2. Maximal clinical signs of rapid breathing, weight loss, histopathological changes from the initial exudative phase of diffuse alveolar damage with extensive apoptosis to the later proliferative phase of tissue repair, airway and intestinal involvement with viral nucleocapsid protein expression, high lung viral load, and spleen and lymphoid atrophy associated with marked chemokine/cytokine activation were observed within the first week of virus challenge. The mean lung virus titer was between 105 and 107 TCID50/g. Challenged index hamsters consistently infected naive contact hamsters housed within the same cages, resulting in similar pathology but not weight loss. All infected hamsters recovered and developed mean serum neutralizing antibody titers ≥1:427 14 days postchallenge. Immunoprophylaxis with early convalescent serum achieved significant decrease in lung viral load but not in lung pathology. No consistent nonsynonymous adaptive mutation of the spike was found in viruses isolated from the infected hamsters.

Conclusions
Besides satisfying Koch’s postulates, this readily available hamster model is an important tool for studying transmission, pathogenesis, treatment, and vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.
Do athletes play by different rules? Obstructive coronary artery disease in asymptomatic competitive Masters athletes: a case series
Authors: McKinney James , Moulson Nathaniel , Morrison Barbara N , Phulka Jobanjit S , Yeung Phillip , Isserow Saul , Wood David A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Both the age and number of endurance Masters athletes is increasing; this coincides with increasing cardiovascular risk. The vast majority of sports-related sudden cardiac deaths (SCDs) occur among athletes &gt;35 years of age. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common cause of SCD amongst Masters athletes.

Case summary
In our prospective screening trial, six asymptomatic Masters athletes with ischaemia on electrocardiogram exercise stress testing had their coronary anatomy defined either by cardiac computed tomography or coronary angiography. Three patients underwent coronary angiography, with fractional flow reserve (FFR) testing performed when indicated. Subsequent percutaneous revascularization was performed in one patient after a shared-decision making process involving the patient and the referring cardiologist. All six athletes identified with obstructive CAD were male. The mean age and Framingham risk score was 61.8 years (±9.5) and 22.7% (±6.1), respectively. The mean metabolic equivalent of task achieved was 14.4 (±3.8). All athletes were treated with optimal medical therapy as clinically indicated. No cardiac events occured in 4.3 years of follow-up.

Discussion
Guidelines recommend revascularization of Masters athletes to alleviate the ischaemic substrate despite a paucity of evidence that revascularization will translate into a reduction in myocardial infarct or sudden cardiac arrest/death. Herein, although a limited study population, we demonstrate a lack of clinical events after 4.3 years of follow-up whether or not revascularization was performed. A prospective multicentre registry for asymptomatic Masters athletes with documented obstructive CAD is needed to help establish the role of revascularization in this population.
The hidden skills of the cryoballoon: occlusion of cardiac perforation in a patient with persistent left superior vena cava—a case report
Authors: El Hamriti Mustapha , Bergau Leonard , Sommer Philipp , Sohns Christian 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Cardiac tamponade is one of the most serious complications when performing cardiac interventions. Although most of the patients can be treated effectively using pericardiocentesis, urgent surgery can be necessary in case of continuous bleeding and patients’ haemodynamic impairment.

Case summary
With this unique clinical case report we describe an acute endovascular occlusion of a cardiac perforation utilizing the inflated 28 mm cryoballon at the transseptal puncture site close to the superior part of the coronary sinus ostium in a patient with persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) and severe post-procedural tamponade. Prior to this maneuver, 1200 mL of haemorrhagic effusion has been aspirated. Forty-five minutes after cryoballoon-guided occlusion we deflated the balloon and no additional blood could be aspirated over the following 20 minutes.

Discussion
Cryoballon-guided occlusion of the perforation site saved the patient from immediate cardiac surgery and resulted in stable haemodynamic conditions. This bailout approach was transferred from coronary interventions where occlusion of a perforated vessel using balloon devices is a common technique to achieve acute hemostasis.
Evaluation of the MC-Media Pad® Rapid Aerobic Count Device for the Enumeration of Total Aerobic Counts in a Variety of Foods: Collaborative Study, First Action Official MethodSM 2019.02
Authors: Bastin Benjamin , Klass Nicole , Crowley Erin , Agin James , Lindhardt Charlotte , Chollet Renaud 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
The MC-Media Pad® Rapid Aerobic Count (RAC) is a ready-to-use culture device combining a test pad coated with medium and water absorption polymers that are designed for the rapid quantification of total aerobic bacteria in food products.

Objective
The MC-Media Pad RAC was compared to the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook, Chapter 3.02: Quantitative Analysis of Bacteria in Foods as Sanitary Indicators for raw ground pork and the Standard Methods for the Examination of Dairy Products, Chapter 6: Microbial Count Methods for yogurt drink.

Method
The candidate method was evaluated against the reference methods using a paired study design in a multi-collaborator study, following the current AOAC INTERNATIONAL Official Methods of AnalysisSM Appendix J guidelines. Three target contamination levels (low, medium, and high) were evaluated. MC-Media Pad RAC devices were enumerated after 24 and 48 h of incubation.

Results
Plate counts obtained by both methods were log10-transformed and the difference of means (including 95% confidence intervals), repeatability SD, and reproducibility SD were determined for each contamination level. All 95% confidence intervals for mean difference fell easily within ±0.10, the performance requirement being ±0.5.

Conclusion
The MC-Media Pad RAC (for both 24 and 48 h) and both reference methods for each contamination level were therefore shown to be equivalent, with 97.5% confidence.

Highlights
The new method offers a convenient alternative to the reference methods for detection of aerobic plate count in food products, yielding reliable and comparable results in 24 or 48 h compared to 48 h for the reference methods.
The prevalence of femoroacetabular impingement anatomy in Division 1 aquatic athletes who tread water
Authors: Langner Joanna L , Black Marianne S , MacKay James W , Hall Kimberly E , Safran Marc R , Kogan Feliks , Gold Garry E 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a disorder that causes hip pain and disability in young patients, particularly athletes. Increased stress on the hip during development has been associated with increased risk of cam morphology. The specific forces involved are unclear, but may be due to continued rotational motion, like the eggbeater kick. The goal of this prospective cohort study was to use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify the prevalence of FAI anatomy in athletes who tread water and compare it to the literature on other sports. With university IRB approval, 20 Division 1 water polo players and synchronized swimmers (15 female, 5 male), ages 18–23 years (mean age 20.7 ± 1.4), completed the 33-item International Hip Outcome Tool and underwent non-contrast MRI scans of both hips using a 3 Tesla scanner. Recruitment was based on sport, with both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals included. Cam and pincer morphology were identified. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank/Rank Sum tests were used to assess outcomes. Seventy per cent (14/20) of subjects reported pain in their hips yet only 15% (3/20) sought clinical evaluation. Cam morphology was present in 67.5% (27/40) of hips, while 22.5% (9/40) demonstrated pincer morphology. The prevalence of cam morphology in water polo players and synchronized swimmers is greater than that reported for the general population and at a similar level as some other sports. From a clinical perspective, acknowledgment of the high prevalence of cam morphology in water polo players and synchronized swimmers should be considered when these athletes present with hip pain.
Potato Psyllid (Hemiptera: Triozidae) Behavior on Three Potato Genotypes With Tolerance to ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’
Authors: Fife Austin N , Cruzado Karin , Rashed Arash , Novy Richard G , Wenninger Erik J 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The potato/tomato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc) transmits ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (Lso) (also known as ‘Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous’), the bacterium associated with zebra chip disease (ZC) in potato. When disease incidence is high, ZC causes large economic losses through reductions in potato yield and tuber quality. No commercial potato variety has been found totally resistant to the pathogen. We evaluated host acceptance behaviors using no-choice assays on three breeding clones derived from Solanum chacoense Bitter with putative tolerance to Lso and/or ZC as part of an effort to determine whether the disease tolerance observed in those breeding clones was related to effects on psyllid settling behavior. We also counted the number of eggs laid and nymphs hatched on the different genotypes to observe any differences in reproduction. The potato variety ‘Russet Burbank’ was used as a susceptible control. Probing frequency and female walking duration were greater on Russet Burbank than the other genotypes. Oviposition did not differ among genotypes. However, female psyllids on two of the Lso-tolerant genotypes displayed reduced fertility 18–24 d after confinement with a male, relative to females on Russet Burbank. These results suggest that although the germplasms display minor abiotic activity on psyllid fertility, tolerance to Lso may be more strongly linked with plant tolerance to the pathogen rather than effects on host acceptance behaviors.
Immune regulation of islet homeostasis and adaptation
Authors: Guo Jinglong , Fu Wenxian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe islet of Langerhans produces endocrine hormones to regulate glucose homeostasis. The normal function of the islet relies on the homeostatic regulations of cellular composition and cell–cell interactions within the islet microenvironment. Immune cells populate the islet during embryonic development and participate in islet organogenesis and function. In obesity, a low-grade inflammation manifests in multiple organs, including pancreatic islets. Obesity-associated islet inflammation is evident in both animal models and humans, characterized by the accumulation of immune cells and elevated production of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and metabolic mediators. Myeloid lineage cells (monocytes and macrophages) are the dominant types of immune cells in islet inflammation during the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this review, we will discuss the role of the immune system in islet homeostasis and inflammation and summarize recent findings of the cellular and molecular factors that alter islet microenvironment and β cell function in obesity and T2DM.
Robotic approach to treat Median Arcuate Ligament syndrome: a case report
Authors: Bustos Roberto , Papamichail Michail , Mangano Alberto , Valle Valentina , Giulianotti Pier Cristoforo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The Median Arcuate Ligament (MAL) syndrome is the symptomatic compression of the celiac trunk by the MAL and other ganglionic periaortic tissue. Despite its rarity, this condition is significant from a clinical, diagnostic and management standpoint and it is usually a diagnosis of exclusion. A 61-year-old female with history of intermittent postprandial epigastric pain was diagnosed with MAL syndrome during CT scan imaging (no other causes of pain were identified). Patient successfully underwent robotic MAL release with symptoms improvement after surgery. The robotic approach is feasible and may allow a very precise and delicate dissection with release of the MAL.
The integration of heterogeneous information from diverse disciplines regarding persons and goods
Authors: Aram Bethany , López Fernández Aurelio , Muñiz Amian Daniel 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article presents a relational database capable of integrating data from a variety of types of written sources as well as material remains. In response to historical research questions, information from such diverse sources as documentary, bioanthropological, isotopic, and DNA analyses has been assessed, homogenized, and situated in time and space. Multidisciplinary ontologies offer complementary and integrated perspectives regarding persons and goods. While responding to specific research questions about the impact of globalization on the isthmus of Panama during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the data model and user interface promote the ongoing interrogation of diverse information about complex, changing societies. To this end, the application designed makes it possible to search, consult, and download data that researchers have contributed from anywhere in the world.
Drug prescribing and drug administration
Authors: Ainsworth Sean 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Safe prescribing during pregnancy and lactation requires an understanding not only of the effects of a drug on the mother but also on the fetus or infant. Many mothers are prescribed at least one medicine with the potential for harmful effects on either the fetus or infant. Few drugs are deemed safe and effective during these periods and most medications in pregnancy are used ‘off label’. Neonates, too, are ‘therapeutic orphans’—most drugs used in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are not approved by regulatory authorities and are, therefore, used ‘off label’. As such there is greater onus on the prescriber to make sure that they understand the consequences of their prescription. This first section covers important aspects of prescribing, medicines storage, and administration. It also explains how medicines safe at other ages cause toxicity, not just from the drug itself but also from the excipients that are sometimes required.