bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of visual outcomes by an artificial neural network following intravitreal injection and laser therapy for retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Huang Ching-Yen , Kuo Ren-Jieh , Li Cheng-Han , Ting Daniel S , Kang Eugene Yu-Chuan , Lai Chi-Chun , Tseng Hsiao-Jung , Yang Lan-Yan , Wu Wei-Chi 
Published: November 2019

Aims
To construct a program to predict the visual acuity (VA), best corrected VA (BCVA) and spherical equivalent (SE) of patients with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) from 3 to 12 years old after intravitreal injection (IVI) of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor and/or laser photocoagulation treatment.

Methods
This retrospective study employed a feedforward artificial neural network with an error backpropagation learning algorithm to predict visual outcomes based on patient birth data, treatment received and age at follow-up. Patients were divided into two groups based on prior treatments. The main outcome measures were the difference between the predicted and actual values of visual outcomes. These were analysed using the normalised root mean square error (RMSE). Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare the predictive accuracy by this algorithm.

Results
A total of 60 ROP infants with prior treatments were included. In the IVI group, the normalised average RMSE for VA, BCVA, and SE was 0.272, 0.185 and 0.131, respectively. In the laser group, the normalised average RMSE for VA, BCVA and SE was 0.190, 0.250 and 0.104, respectively. This result shows that better predictive power was obtained for SE than for VA or BCVA in both the IVI and laser groups (p<0.001). In addition, the algorithm performed slightly better in predicting visual outcomes in the laser group (p<0.001).

Conclusions
This algorithm offers acceptable power for predicting visual outcomes in patients with ROP with prior treatment. Predictions of SE were more precise than predictions of for VA and BCVA in both groups.
Metagenomics of the faecal virome indicate a cumulative effect of enterovirus and gluten amount on the risk of coeliac disease autoimmunity in genetically at risk children: the TEDDY study
Authors: Lindfors Katri , Lin Jake , Lee Hye-Seung , Hyöty Heikki , Nykter Matti , Kurppa Kalle , Liu Edwin , Koletzko Sibylle , Rewers Marian , Hagopian William , Toppari Jorma , Ziegler Annette-Gabriele , Akolkar Beena , Krischer Jeffrey P , Petrosino Joseph F , Lloyd Richard E , Agardh Daniel 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveHigher gluten intake, frequent gastrointestinal infections and adenovirus, enterovirus, rotavirus and reovirus have been proposed as environmental triggers for coeliac disease. However, it is not known whether an interaction exists between the ingested gluten amount and viral exposures in the development of coeliac disease. This study investigated whether distinct viral exposures alone or together with gluten increase the risk of coeliac disease autoimmunity (CDA) in genetically predisposed children.DesignThe Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young study prospectively followed children carrying the HLA risk haplotypes DQ2 and/or DQ8 and constructed a nested case–control design. From this design, 83 CDA case–control pairs were identified. Median age of CDA was 31 months. Stool samples collected monthly up to the age of 2 years were analysed for virome composition by Illumina next-generation sequencing followed by comprehensive computational virus profiling.ResultsThe cumulative number of stool enteroviral exposures between 1 and 2 years of age was associated with an increased risk for CDA. In addition, there was a significant interaction between cumulative stool enteroviral exposures and gluten consumption. The risk conferred by stool enteroviruses was increased in cases reporting higher gluten intake.ConclusionsFrequent exposure to enterovirus between 1 and 2 years of age was associated with increased risk of CDA. The increased risk conferred by the interaction between enteroviruses and higher gluten intake indicate a cumulative effect of these factors in the development of CDA.
Adverse childhood experiences and bullying behaviours at work among workers in Japan
Authors: Kizuki Masashi , Fujiwara Takeo , Shinozaki Tomohiro 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesTo examine the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), workplace bullying victimisation and bullying behaviours to subordinates among Japanese workers.MethodsWe conducted an internet-based cross-sectional survey among workers who had enacted 0, 1 and ≥2 types of bullying behaviours that had been directed towards subordinates in the past 3 years (n=309 for each group, total N=927). We assessed ACEs with questionnaires about adverse experiences at home and bullying victimisation at school. The total and controlled direct effects of ACEs on the number of bullying behaviours to subordinates were estimated from a baseline-adjusted and a direct-effect marginal structural ordinal logistic model, respectively.ResultsThere was a positive dose–response association between the level of ACEs and the frequency of workplace bullying victimisation, as well as the number of bullying behaviours enacted at work after adjustment for sex, age and childhood socioeconomic status (both p<0.001). Workers in the highest tertile of ACEs compared with the lowest tertile had 3.15 (95% CI 2.20 to 4.50) times higher odds of having perpetrated more bullying behaviours at work. The magnitude of the effect was 2.57 (95% CI 1.70 to 3.90) via pathways not mediated by workplace bullying victimisation in a direct-effect marginal structural model.ConclusionsPeople who had ACEs were at increased risk later in life of enacting bullying behaviours at work. Current findings may be useful to prevent bullying behaviours at work.
Effects of nitrogen deposition on litter decomposition and nutrient release mediated by litter types and seasonal change in a temperate forest
Authors: Yan Guoyong , Dong Xiongde , Huang Binbin , Wang Honglin , Hong Ziming , Zhang Junhui , Xing Yajuan , Wang Qinggui 
Published: November 2019

We conducted a field experiment with four levels of simulated nitrogen (N) deposition (0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 g N m−2yr−1, respectively) to investigate the response of litter decomposition of Pinus koraiensis (PK), Tilia amurensis (TA), and their mixture to N deposition during winter and growing seasons. Results showed that N addition significantly increased the mass loss of PK litter and significantly decreased the mass loss of TA litter throughout the 2 yr decomposition processes, which indicated that the different responses in the decomposition of different litters to N addition can be species specific, potentially attributed to different litter chemistry. The faster decomposition of PK litter with N addition occurred mainly in the winter, whereas the slower decomposition of TA litter with N addition occurred during the growing season. Moreover, N addition had a positive effect on the release of phosphorus, magnesium, and manganese for PK litter and had a negative effect on the release of carbon, iron, and lignin for TA litter. Decomposition and nutrient release from mixed litter with N addition showed a non-additive effect. The mass loss from litter in the first winter and over the entire study correlated positively with the initial concentration of cellulose, lignin, and certain nutrients in the litter, demonstrating the potential influence of different tissue chemistries.
A hidden constraint on the Hamiltonian formulation of relativistic worldlines
Authors: Koch Benjamin , Muñoz Enrique 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGauge theories with general covariance are particularly reluctant to quantization. We discuss the example of the Hamiltonian formulation of the relativistic point particle that, despite its apparent simplicity, is of crucial importance since a number of point particle systems can be cast into this form on a higher dimensional Rindler background, as recently pointed out by Hojman. It is shown that this system can be equipped with a hidden local, symmetry generating, constraint which on the one hand does not bother the classical evolution and on the other hand simplifies the realization of the path integral quantization. Even though the positive impact of the hidden symmetry is more evident in the Lagrangian version of the theory, it is still present through the suggested Hamiltonian constraint.
Adsorption behavior of Cs+ ions to vermiculite demonstrated by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Takeuchi Akira 
Published: November 2019

The present paper discusses the simulation results, performed by classical molecular dynamics (MD), for vermiculite. The kinetic process of the [Formula: see text] ions in water that are adsorbed into vermiculite [Formula: see text] was investigated with classical MD simulations utilizing Coulomb and Born–Mayer–Huggins potentials. A monoclinic vermiculite crystal with a [Formula: see text] supercell was placed into 8461 molecules of water to form a rectangular supercell of [Formula: see text]. The water was placed into contact with both sides of the [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] planes of the vermiculite crystal, along the [Formula: see text]-axis only. The rectangular supercells, which were prepared with the vermiculite in water with and without an additional 200 [Formula: see text] ions, were simulated. The MD conditions included a constant pressure ensemble for 1 ps at a constant step of 0.1 fs. The results revealed an increase in the distances of the [Formula: see text] layers at the interface between the vermiculite and water. This increase in the separation of the [Formula: see text] layers was suitable for the uptake of [Formula: see text] ions by the vermiculite. The accelerated MD simulation which replaced the interfacial [Formula: see text] ions with [Formula: see text] ions tended to include the [Formula: see text] ions into the vermiculite by excluding the [Formula: see text] ions.
Analysis of strontium in soil and plant samples contaminated during the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident
Authors: Ishii K. , Arai H. , Ohnuma T. , Takeuchi A. 
Published: November 2019

An accident in March 2011 released small amounts of radioactive strontium isotopes ([Formula: see text]Sr) along with large amounts of radioactive caesium isotopes ([Formula: see text]Cs). [Formula: see text]Sr isotopes accumulate in bone and are more dangerous than [Formula: see text]Cs isotopes. Therefore, it is necessary to research the contamination by [Formula: see text]Sr. We examined 10 types of plants and the soil beneath them using particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis and investigated correlations between elemental transfer coefficients from soil to plant, including Sr, magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca). We determined that the Sr transfer coefficient was [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]0.2; we found a proportional relationship between those of Mg and Ca, which were [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]0.2. We collected plant and soil samples from hot locations close to the nuclear power plant and investigated the contamination by [Formula: see text]Cs and [Formula: see text]Sr in plants and soil using a [Formula: see text]-ray scintillation detector and our new [Formula: see text]Sr detection system. We recorded [Formula: see text]Sr specific activities of 19 and 5.6 kBq/kg at and 5 cm below the soil surface, respectively, at a distance of 3 km from the nuclear power plant. We estimated a specific activity of [Formula: see text]Sr in plants of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]0.6 Bq/kg in most of the Fukushima region, 13–64 Bq/kg in the controlled area, and 380 Bq/kg within 3 km of the nuclear power plant. Thus, we confirmed that plants grown in Fukushima were free of contamination by [Formula: see text]Cs and [Formula: see text]Sr.
Multicore bi-layer gold-coated SPR-based sensor for simultaneous measurements of CFC and HCFC
Authors: Asaduzzaman Jabin Md. , Ahmed Kawsar , Juwel Rana Md. , Kumar Paul Bikash , Dhasarathan Vigneswaran , Shahin Uddin Muhammad 
Published: November 2019

Global warming is an alarming issue in our daily life. As we know that CFCs and HCFCs have a great impact on ozone depletion and global warming process. So, there must be a cheaper way to detect CFCs and HCFCs from refrigerant products like refrigerator, aerosols, air-conditioner, etc. So, for the very first time, this paper proposes a novel highly sensitive dual-core bi-layer gold-coated surface plasmon resonance (DB-SPR)-based photonic crystal fiber (PCF) for sensing CFCs and HCFCs in the field of chemical and biosensing. The analysis is assumed at 20[Formula: see text]C (293 K) for the concentration level of CFCs and HCFCs ranging between 20% and 80%. The entire numerical evaluation process is done by using finite element method (FEM) with a full vectorial software named COMSOL V-5.1 by examining the number of mesh elements of 228,120 which has better flexibility in the fabrication process. The proposed model can prove itself better than any other models by the justification of the major optical parameters, such as birefringence (B[Formula: see text]), coupling length (L[Formula: see text]), confinement loss ([Formula: see text]), transmittance (T[Formula: see text]), transmittance variance (T[Formula: see text]), power fraction (P[Formula: see text]), amplitude sensitivity (S[Formula: see text]), wavelength sensitivity (S[Formula: see text]), figure of merit (FOM), resolution (Rl[Formula: see text]), resonance (R2), etc. which respectively corresponds to their maximum performance profiles of 0.038, 40 [Formula: see text]m, 1140 dB/cm, −180 dB, 410 dB/RIU, 51%, −3200 RIU[Formula: see text], 30450.43 nm/RIU, 1300, 1.25[Formula: see text]×[Formula: see text]10[Formula: see text], 0.98712. So, it is evident that proposed SPR PCF can be a tough competitor in the field of biosensing and chemical sensing as well as gas sensing.
Poincaré Maps of “ <”-Shape Planar Piecewise Linear Dynamical Systems with a Saddle
Authors: Zhao Qianqian , Yu Jiang 
Published: November 2019

It is important in the study of limit cycles to investigate the properties of Poincaré maps of discontinuous dynamical systems. In this paper, we focus on a class of planar piecewise linear dynamical systems with “[Formula: see text]”-shape regions and prove that the Poincaré map of a subsystem with a saddle has at most one inflection point which can be reached. Furthermore, we show that one class of such systems with a saddle-center has at least three limit cycles; a class of such systems with saddle and center in the normal form has at most one limit cycle which can be reached; and a class of such systems with saddle and center at the origin has at most three limit cycles with a lower bound of two. We try to reveal the reasons for the increase of the number of limit cycles when the discontinuity happens to a system.
Diaspora of Chinese Intellectuals in the Cold War Era
Authors: Yung (容启聪) Kenneth Kai-chung 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
On the eve of the Communist takeover in 1949, a considerable number of Chinese intellectuals were reluctant to live under Communist rule. They began their self-exile and the search for a new home outside China. Many travelled to places on China’s periphery such as Taiwan and Hong Kong. Others continued their journey and finally settled down in Southeast Asia and North America. Sojourning abroad, most of these self-exiled intellectuals still kept a close eye on Chinese politics and society. They were eager to promote their political ideal for a liberal-democratic China in the overseas Chinese communities. However, they were at the same time facing the challenge of assimilation into local society. This article traces the journey of the self-exiles in the 1950s and 1960s from Hong Kong to Southeast Asia and North America. It examines several representative figures and studies their activities in their new place of settlement. It argues that, although the self-exiles largely maintained a strong commitment to the future of their homeland, they varied in their degree of assimilation into their new homes. Age was not a key factor in their decision to adapt to the local community. Instead, the existence of a politically and economically influential Chinese population played a more important role in such a decision. Intellectuals who lived in Hong Kong or Southeast Asia were more willing to adjust their life to the locality, while those who went to North America were less attached to the local society.
The Emerging Technological Revolution in Earth Observations
Authors: Stephens Graeme , Freeman Anthony , Richard Erik , Pilewskie Peter , Larkin Philip , Chew Clara , Tanelli Simone , Brown Shannon , Posselt Derek , Peral Eva 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA technology revolution in Earth observation sensor design is occurring. This revolution in part is associated with the emergence of CubeSat platforms that have forced a de facto standardization on the volume and power into which sensors have to fit. The extent that small sensors can indeed provide similar or replacement capabilities compared to larger and more expensive counterparts has barely been demonstrated and any loss of capability of smaller systems weighed against the gains in costs and new potential capabilities offered by implementing them with a more distributed observing strategy also has not yet been embraced. This paper provides four examples of observations made with prototype miniaturized observing systems, including from CubeSats, that offer a glimpse of this emerging sensor revolution and a hint at future observing system design.
Sensitivity of Surface Temperature to Oceanic Forcing via q-Flux Green’s Function Experiments. Part III: Asymmetric Response to Warming and Cooling
Authors: Liu Fukai , Lu Jian , Huang Yi , Leung L. Ruby , Harrop Bryce E. , Luo Yiyong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractClimate response is often assumed to be linear in climate sensitivity studies. However, by examining the surface temperature (TS) response to pairs of oceanic forcings of equal amplitude but opposite sign in a large set of local q-flux perturbation experiments with CAM5 coupled to a slab, we find strong asymmetry in TS responses to the heating and cooling forcings, indicating a strong nonlinearity intrinsic to the climate system examined. Regardless of where the symmetric forcing is placed, the cooling response to the negative forcing always exceeds the warming to the positive forcing, implying an intrinsic inclination toward cooling of our current climate. Thus, the ongoing global warming induced by increasing greenhouse gases may have already been alleviated by the asymmetric component of the response. The common asymmetry in TS response peaks in high latitudes, especially along sea ice edges, with notable seasonal dependence. Decomposition into different radiative feedbacks through a radiative kernel indicates that the asymmetry in the TS response is realized largely through lapse rate and albedo feedbacks. Further process interference experiments disabling the seasonal cycle and/or sea ice reveal that the asymmetry originates ultimately from the presence of the sea ice component and is further amplified by the seasonal cycle. The fact that a pair of opposite tropical q-flux forcings can excite very similar asymmetric response as a pair placed at 55°S strongly suggests the asymmetric response is a manifestation of an internal mode of the climate model system.
The Motion of Mesoscale Snowbands in Northeast U.S. Winter Storms
Authors: Kenyon Jaymes S. , Keyser Daniel , Bosart Lance F. , Evans Michael S. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The spatial distribution of snowfall accumulation accompanying winter storms is a product of both snowfall rate and duration. Winter storms are commonly associated with mesoscale snowbands that can strongly modulate snowfall accumulation. Although the development of mesoscale snowbands can usually be anticipated, snowband residence time at a fixed location is often a forecasting challenge. However, given that snowband residence time is related to characteristics of band motion, an improved understanding of band motion presents an opportunity to improve snowfall-accumulation forecasts. This study investigates environmental features associated with specific snowband motion characteristics. Using radar reflectivity data, snowband events in the northeast United States spanning a 6-yr period are categorized according to a band-motion classification scheme, with this scheme consisting of laterally translating, hybrid, laterally quasi-stationary, and pivoting snowbands. On the basis of this classification, composite analysis is performed to identify common environmental features associated with particular band-motion categories. Results indicate that snowband motion is related to cyclone-relative band position, the confluence/diffluence and curvature of midlevel streamlines, and the distribution of horizontal temperature advection. Snowband motion is also related to hodograph shape, as well as to the across- and along-isotherm components of the Q vector. Composite results are supplemented with case studies, which suggest that laterally quasi-stationary and pivoting snowbands can favor distinct gradients in snowfall accumulation. The present study proposes that snowband motion warrants consideration during the forecasting process and, to that end, conceptual models are presented to synthesize key findings for operational application.
A Systematic Review of Factors Related to Employment Outcomes for Adults with Visual Impairments
Authors: Lund Emily M. , Cmar Jennifer L. 
Published: November 2019

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of survey-based research on predictors or correlates of employment outcomes for individuals with visual impairments (i.e., those who are blind or have low vision). Methods: We used a three-pronged systematic search process to identify quantitative, English, peer-reviewed articles published from 1990 to August 2018 that included analyses of factors related to employment in American adults with visual impairments. We coded all included articles for sample parameters, participant characteristics, quality indicators (QIs), and study outcomes. Results: Thirteen articles were included in the review. The majority of studies met few, if any, QIs. Education level, braille reading medium, and attending integrated or public schools were significantly associated with employment outcomes in most analyses in which those variables were included. Other demographic and disability-related variables were generally not associated with employment or yielded inconsistent results across studies. Psychosocial, service, and miscellaneous variables were included less frequently and were generally not associated with employment or yielded mixed results, with a few exceptions. Discussion: Based on our quality indicator ratings, there were consistent methodological weaknesses in this body of literature. Small samples ( N = 200 or fewer) were prevalent across studies, which limits both generalizability and statistical power. Use of nonrepresentative and nonnational samples further limits generalizability of the results, and a lack of longitudinal studies hinders our ability to draw causal inferences. More high-quality employment research is needed, particularly in the areas of braille, transportation self-efficacy, and other psychosocial factors. Implications for practitioners: Despite the methodological issues identified in the included studies, results support findings from other systematic reviews regarding the importance of educational advancement for individuals with visual impairments. Practitioners should encourage individuals with visual impairments who do not have college degrees to explore options for postsecondary education.