bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Three‐Dimensional Noise Modeling Method Based on Singular Value Decomposition and Its Application to CMONOC GPS Network
Authors: Ma Jun , Li Zhao , Jiang Weiping , Cao Chengdu , Huo Liang , Zhou Xiaohui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractConstruction of noise model is an important task in the analysis of Global Positioning System (GPS) reference station coordinate time series. Ignoring the relationship between the noise on different components within a GPS station network may affect the accuracy of station's velocity and its uncertainty. In view of this problem, we propose to use the singular value decomposition (SVD) method to establish a new three‐dimensional (3‐D) noise model for GPS station networks. Our simulation tests show that the accuracy of the noise amplitude obtained based on the proposed 3‐D noise model is 30–50% higher than that directly obtained from Create and Analyze Time Series (CATS) software, thereby improving the accuracy of the velocity uncertainty by approximately two times. Taking the coordinate time series of 82 GPS stations from the Crustal Motion Observation Network of China (CMONOC) as an example, we confirm that significant correlation exists among noise amplitude estimates in the different components of the CMONOC stations. In general, the variation of white noise (WN) amplitude is 2–6% smaller than that of flicker noise (FN) amplitude, and the FN amplitude in the vertical component is 1% larger than that in the horizontal component. Compared with the velocity uncertainty obtained from CATS software, the variations of the velocity uncertainty obtained from the new 3‐D noise model in the horizontal components (7% for North, 8% for East) are slightly less than that in the Up component (9%). However, the velocity estimation is hardly affected by the new 3‐D noise model.
Land‐Atmosphere Drivers of Landscape‐Scale Plant Water Content Loss
Authors: Feldman Andrew F. , Short Gianotti Daniel J. , Trigo Isabel F. , Salvucci Guido D. , Entekhabi Dara 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPlant water content observations using microwave remote sensing measurements allow monitoring of landscape‐scale plant water stress. During soil drying following rainfall events, we use a Granger causality framework to quantify the degree to which environmental factors drive satellite‐based plant water content loss across Africa's diverse biomes. After soil drying into the water‐limited regime, satellite observations show that plants dry while solar radiation, vapor pressure deficit, and diurnal temperature amplitude increase. We find that soil drying primarily drives plant water content loss across African drylands, though with regional effects of diurnal temperature amplitude increases (found to indicate vapor pressure deficit increases here). We also detect interactions between these factors that reinforce plant drying during periods of soil moisture loss. Our results provide observational evidence across Africa that individual and interactive components of surface drying and heating can all drive plant water stress, especially during intermittent poststorm drying periods.
Traces of the 1997 Indonesian Wildfires in the Marine Environment From a Network of Coral δ13C Records
Authors: Li Xiaohua , Wang Xiaowei , Liu Chuanyu , Liu Yi , Yu Kefu , Sun Weidong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGreat efforts have been made to understand the impacts of the 1997 Indonesian wildfires on land ecology and human health, yet its influences on marine environments are poorly understood owing to sparse observations. Here we present weekly to monthly resolution coral δ13C records across the South China Sea in conjunction with a regional ocean general circulation model to study the effects of these cataclysmic wildfires on nearby oceans. Large and persistent negative δ13C excursions were found in corals from the interior South China Sea several months after the wildfires. This delay indicates that the 13C‐depleted ash fallout was distributed by ocean currents rather than direct atmospheric transport, which is supported by the results of our numerical model. Thus, the impacts of tropical wildfires on marine ecology may last for 1 year and extend thousands of kilometers from the burning center.
Prediction of the Ionospheric Response to the 14 December 2020 Total Solar Eclipse Using SUPIM‐INPE
Authors: Martínez‐Ledesma M. , Bravo M. , Urra B. , Souza J. , Foppiano A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe present the first prediction of the ionospheric response to the 14 December 2020 solar eclipse using the SUPIM‐INPE model. Simulations are made for all known ionosonde stations for which solar obscuration is significant. The found response is similar to that previously reported for other eclipses, but it also shows a modification of the equatorial fountain transport that will impact the low latitudes after the event. In addition to the large reduction of electron concentration along the totality path (~4.5 TECu, ~22%), a significant electron and oxygen ion temperature cooling is observed (up to ~400 K) followed by lasting temperature increases. Changes of up to ~1.5 TECu (~5%) are also expected at the conjugate hemisphere. These predictions may serve as a reference for eventual ionospheric measurements of multiple instruments and are leading to a better understanding of the ionospheric response to solar eclipses.
A Method to Update Model Kinematic States by Assimilating Satellite‐Observed Total Lightning Data to Improve Convective Analysis and Forecasting
Authors: Chen Zhixiong , Sun Juanzhen , Qie Xiushu , Zhang Ying , Ying Zhuming , Xiao Xian , Cao Dongjie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study assesses the benefit of convective‐scale data assimilation (DA) for model initialization using well‐known functional relationships between lightning flash rate and vertical velocity. Based on the relationships, a lightning DA scheme to update model kinematic states was implemented in the Weather Research and Forecasting Data Assimilation (WRFDA) three‐dimensional variational (3DVar) system. This scheme combines total lightning observations with model‐based prescribed vertical velocity profiles to retrieve kinematic information through a DA scheme. With the availability of space‐borne lightning imagers in recent years, total lightning observations from the Lightning Mapping Imager (LMI) on board the FY‐4A geostationary satellite were assimilated in combination with radar DA. A detailed analysis of the impact of the lightning DA scheme on convective precipitation forecasting was conducted using a squall line case over Beijing on 13 July 2017. The assimilation of LMI data provides added benefits to the assimilation of radar radial winds by reducing wind errors and strengthening convergence along the squall line in the analysis. Although the microphysical states are identical due to the assimilation of reflectivity, the lightning DA scheme helps in promoting updraft developments at lightning observation locations, which improves the representation of mixed‐phase convection. The quantitative verification of short‐term convective forecasts indicated that the lightning DA adds value to the radar DA by improving the precipitation forecast skill. The lightning DA scheme was evaluated further for a heavy rainfall case in 2018 over the Beijing metropolitan area and revealed overall similar forecast improvements for composite reflectivity and accumulated rainfall.
Discerning Lunar Pyroclastic and Impact Glasses via Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Zeng Xiaojia , Li Xiongyao , Liu Jianzhong , Mo Bing , Yu Wen , Tang Hong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIt is a challenge to distinguish the various lunar glasses, which are characterized by complex origin (volcanic eruption or impact melting) and large compositional variation (picritic, basaltic, or feldspathic). In this work, we present the Raman spectra (200–1,500 cm−1) of a series of lunar glasses (i.e., pyroclastic glasses [PGs], mare impact glasses [MIGs], and highland impact glasses [HIGs]), which were recognized in lunar breccia meteorites Northwest Africa 7948, 10480, 12384. As the Raman technique is sensitive to the composition of glasses, our results show that different types of lunar glasses exhibit various Raman peak positions (RPP) in 400–600 cm−1 and 800–1,200 cm−1 spectral ranges. Specifically, RPP for PGs commonly shift upward to high frequency in the 400–600 cm−1 spectral range (i.e., > 570 cm−1), compared with the RPP for MIGs and HIGs (i.e., < 570 cm−1). In addition, MIGs and HIGs can be distinguished by the relationship of their RPP in 400–600 and 800–1,200 cm−1 ranges (i.e., for MIG, RPP800–1,200 > 1,510 − RPP400–600; for HIG, RPP800–1,200 < 1,510 − RPP400−600). Based on these observations, new Raman diagnostic criteria were proposed to discern lunar pyroclastic and impact glasses (although there may be instances of lunar glasses with different compositions than those measured here). This method offers a nondestructive, quick, and low‐cost way for distinguishing different types of lunar glasses in laboratory (e.g., for the future returned‐soils sampled by Chang'E‐5).
Velocity of SuperDARN Echoes at Intermediate Radar Ranges
Authors: Koustov Alexander V. , Luciuk Michael R. , Gillies Robert G. , Ullrich Sydney , Larson Bion , McWilliams Kathryn A. , Schmidt Marina T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe study investigates the relationship between Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) high‐frequency (HF) radar velocities measured at intermediate ranges of 600–1,000 km from the radar and the E × B plasma drift. Two approaches are implemented. First, a 3‐h interval of SuperDARN Rankin Inlet (RKN) radar measurements and Resolute Bay incoherent scatter radar RISR‐C measurements in nearly coinciding directions is investigated to show that (1) HF echoes with low velocities (less than 200 m/s) are often detected when E × B drifts are in excess of 1,000 m/s; (2) high‐velocity HF echoes from the E region have velocities somewhat below the expected values of the ion‐acoustic speed of the plasma and the HF line‐of‐sight velocity does not show a tendency for an increase at the largest E × B drifts; (3) for E region echoes, 12 MHz velocities are slightly larger than those at 10 MHz; and (4) 12‐MHz echoes are often received from the electrojet heights while 10‐MHz echoes are received from the F region heights so that the observed velocities are quite different with the latter reflecting the E × B drift of the plasma. In the second approach, velocities of 10‐ and 12‐MHz RKN echoes are compared for a large data set comprising several months of observations to show that occurrence of 12‐MHz low‐velocity echoes is fairly common (up to 25% of the time) whenever the plasma drifts are fast. Under this condition, the SuperDARN cross polar cap potential is underestimated, on average, by ~4 kV.
LncRNA LINC00472 regulates cell stiffness and inhibits the migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma by binding to YBX1
Authors: Deng Xiangying , Xiong Wei , Jiang Xianjie , Zhang Shanshan , Li Zheng , Zhou Yanhong , Xiang Bo , Zhou Ming , Li Xiaoling , Li Guiyuan , Zeng Zhaoyang , Gong Zhaojian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in human tumorigenesis. By using publicly available expression profiling data from lung adenocarcinoma and integrating bioinformatics analysis, we screened a lncRNA, LINC00472. LINC00472 expression in lung adenocarcinoma tissues was significantly lower and tightly associated with patient prognosis and TNM clinical stages in lung adenocarcinoma. LINC00472 also inhibited lung adenocarcinoma cell migration and invasion and increased cell stiffness and adhesion. RNA pull down and RIP assays identified that LINC00472 interacted with the transcription factor Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1), which partially reversed the inhibition of cell migration and invasion and increased LINC00472-induced cell stiffness and adhesion. LINC00472 also regulated the density and integrity of F-actin in A549 and PC-9 cells possibly via YBX1. LINC00472 inhibited the cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) processes via the modulation of YBX1. These results indicated that LINC00472 inhibited the cell EMT process by binding to YBX1, and affected the mechanical properties of the cell, ultimately inhibited its ability to invade and metastasize. Collectively, the present study provides the first evidence that LINC00472 changes the mechanical properties and inhibits the invasion and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells.
Targeting miR-18a sensitizes chondrocytes to anticytokine therapy to prevent osteoarthritis progression
Authors: Lian Chengjie , Tao Tianyu , Su Peiqiang , Liao Zhiheng , Wang Xudong , Lei Yiting , Zhao Pei , Liu Lei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInflammation participates in the development of OA and targeting inflammatory signaling pathways is a potential strategy for OA treatment. IL-1β is one of the most important inflammatory factors to trigger the activation of NF-κB signaling and accelerate OA progression, whereas OA patients could hardly benefit from inhibiting IL-1β in clinic, suggesting the importance to further explore the details of OA inflammation. We here showed that expression of miR-18a in chondrocytes was specifically induced in response to IL-1β in vitro as well as in rat model of OA during which NF-κB signaling was involved, and that nuclear-translocated p65 directly upregulated miR-18a expression at transcriptional level. Further, increased miR-18a mediated hypertrophy of chondrocytes, resulting in OA degeneration, by targeting TGFβ1, SMAD2, and SMAD3 and subsequently leading to repression of TGF-β signaling. And the level of serum miR-18a was positively correlated to severity of OA. Interestingly, other than IL-1β, pro-inflammation cytokines involving TNFα could also remarkably upregulate miR-18a via activating NF-κB signaling and subsequently induce chondrocytes hypertrophy, suggesting a pivotal central role of miR-18a in inflammatory OA progression. Thus, our study revealed a novel convergence of NF-κB and TGF-β signaling mediated by miR-18a, and a novel mechanism underlying inflammation-regulated OA dependent of NF-κB/miR-18a/TGF-β axis. Notably, in vivo assay showed that targeting miR-18a sensitized OA chondrocytes to IL-1β inhibitor as targeting IL-1β and miR-18a simultaneously had much stronger inhibitory effects on OA progression than suppressing IL-1β alone. Therefore, the diagnostic and therapeutic potentials of miR-18a for OA were also revealed.
Self-templated synthesis of uniform hollow spheres based on highly conjugated three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks
Authors: Liu Yuan-Yuan , Li Xiang-Chun , Wang Shi , Cheng Tao , Yang Huiyan , Liu Chen , Gong Yanting , Lai Wen-Yong , Huang Wei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) have served as a family of porous crystalline molecules for various promising applications. However, controllable synthesis of COFs with uniform morphology is paramount yet still remains quite challenging. Herein, we report self-templated synthesis of uniform and unique hollow spheres based on highly conjugated three-dimensional (3D) COFs with diameters of 500–700 nm. A detailed time-dependent study reveals the continuous transformation from initial nano sphere-like particles into uniform hollow spherical structures with Ostwald ripening mechanism. Particularly, the resulting 3D COF (3D-Sp-COF) is prone to transport ions more efficiently and the lithium-ion transference number (t+) of 3D-Sp-COF reaches 0.7, which even overwhelms most typical PEO-based polymer electrolytes. Inspiringly, the hollow spherical structures show enhanced capacitance performance with a specific capacitance of 251 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, which compares favorably with the vast majority of two-dimensional COFs and other porous electrode materials.
A trimeric Rab7 GEF controls NPC1-dependent lysosomal cholesterol export
Authors: van den Boomen Dick J. H. , Sienkiewicz Agata , Berlin Ilana , Jongsma Marlieke L. M. , van Elsland Daphne M. , Luzio J. Paul , Neefjes Jacques J. C. , Lehner Paul J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCholesterol import in mammalian cells is mediated by the LDL receptor pathway. Here, we perform a genome-wide CRISPR screen using an endogenous cholesterol reporter and identify >100 genes involved in LDL-cholesterol import. We characterise C18orf8 as a core subunit of the mammalian Mon1-Ccz1 guanidine exchange factor (GEF) for Rab7, required for complex stability and function. C18orf8-deficient cells lack Rab7 activation and show severe defects in late endosome morphology and endosomal LDL trafficking, resulting in cellular cholesterol deficiency. Unexpectedly, free cholesterol accumulates within swollen lysosomes, suggesting a critical defect in lysosomal cholesterol export. We find that active Rab7 interacts with the NPC1 cholesterol transporter and licenses lysosomal cholesterol export. This process is abolished in C18orf8-, Ccz1- and Mon1A/B-deficient cells and restored by a constitutively active Rab7. The trimeric Mon1-Ccz1-C18orf8 (MCC) GEF therefore plays a central role in cellular cholesterol homeostasis coordinating Rab7 activation, endosomal LDL trafficking and NPC1-dependent lysosomal cholesterol export.
An all-natural bioinspired structural material for plastic replacement
Authors: Guan Qing-Fang , Yang Huai-Bin , Han Zi-Meng , Ling Zhang-Chi , Yu Shu-Hong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPetroleum-based plastics are useful but they pose a great threat to the environment and human health. It is highly desirable yet challenging to develop sustainable structural materials with excellent mechanical and thermal properties for plastic replacement. Here, inspired by nacre’s multiscale architecture, we report a simple and efficient so called “directional deforming assembly” method to manufacture high-performance structural materials with a unique combination of high strength (281 MPa), high toughness (11.5 MPa m1/2), high stiffness (20 GPa), low coefficient of thermal expansion (7 × 10−6 K−1) and good thermal stability. Based on all-natural raw materials (cellulose nanofiber and mica microplatelet), the bioinspired structural material possesses better mechanical and thermal properties than petroleum-based plastics, making it a high-performance and eco-friendly alternative structural material to substitute plastics.
Expanding the genetic architecture of nicotine dependence and its shared genetics with multiple traits
Authors: Quach Bryan C. , Bray Michael J. , Gaddis Nathan C. , Liu Mengzhen , Palviainen Teemu , Minica Camelia C. , Zellers Stephanie , Sherva Richard , Aliev Fazil , Nothnagel Michael , Young Kendra A. , Marks Jesse A. , Young Hannah , Carnes Megan U. , Guo Yuelong , Waldrop Alex , Sey Nancy Y. A. , Landi Maria T. , McNeil Daniel W. , Drichel Dmitriy , Farrer Lindsay A. , Markunas Christina A. , Vink Jacqueline M. , Hottenga Jouke-Jan , Iacono William G. , Kranzler Henry R. , Saccone Nancy L. , Neale Michael C. , Madden Pamela , Rietschel Marcella , Marazita Mary L. , McGue Matthew , Won Hyejung , Winterer Georg , Grucza Richard , Dick Danielle M. , Gelernter Joel , Caporaso Neil E. , Baker Timothy B. , Boomsma Dorret I. , Kaprio Jaakko , Hokanson John E. , Vrieze Scott , Bierut Laura J. , Johnson Eric O. , Hancock Dana B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality. Genetic variation contributes to initiation, regular smoking, nicotine dependence, and cessation. We present a Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND)-based genome-wide association study in 58,000 European or African ancestry smokers. We observe five genome-wide significant loci, including previously unreported loci MAGI2/GNAI1 (rs2714700) and TENM2 (rs1862416), and extend loci reported for other smoking traits to nicotine dependence. Using the heaviness of smoking index from UK Biobank (N = 33,791), rs2714700 is consistently associated; rs1862416 is not associated, likely reflecting nicotine dependence features not captured by the heaviness of smoking index. Both variants influence nearby gene expression (rs2714700/MAGI2-AS3 in hippocampus; rs1862416/TENM2 in lung), and expression of genes spanning nicotine dependence-associated variants is enriched in cerebellum. Nicotine dependence (SNP-based heritability = 8.6%) is genetically correlated with 18 other smoking traits (rg = 0.40–1.09) and co-morbidities. Our results highlight nicotine dependence-specific loci, emphasizing the FTND as a composite phenotype that expands genetic knowledge of smoking.
Nearest-neighbor NMR spectroscopy: categorizing spectral peaks by their adjacent nuclei
Authors: Behera Soumya P. , Dubey Abhinav , Chen Wan-Na , De Paula Viviane S. , Zhang Meng , Sgourakis Nikolaos G. , Bermel Wolfgang , Wagner Gerhard , Coote Paul W. , Arthanari Haribabu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMethyl-NMR enables atomic-resolution studies of structure and dynamics of large proteins in solution. However, resonance assignment remains challenging. The problem is to combine existing structural informational with sparse distance restraints and search for the most compatible assignment among the permutations. Prior classification of peaks as either from isoleucine, leucine, or valine reduces the search space by many orders of magnitude. However, this is hindered by overlapped leucine and valine frequencies. In contrast, the nearest-neighbor nuclei, coupled to the methyl carbons, resonate in distinct frequency bands. Here, we develop a framework to imprint additional information about passively coupled resonances onto the observed peaks. This depends on simultaneously orchestrating closely spaced bands of resonances along different magnetization trajectories, using principles from control theory. For methyl-NMR, the method is implemented as a modification to the standard fingerprint spectrum (the 2D-HMQC). The amino acid type is immediately apparent in the fingerprint spectrum. There is no additional relaxation loss or an increase in experimental time. The method is validated on biologically relevant proteins. The idea of generating new spectral information using passive, adjacent resonances is applicable to other contexts in NMR spectroscopy.
Revealing fine-scale spatiotemporal differences in SARS-CoV-2 introduction and spread
Authors: Moreno Gage K. , Braun Katarina M. , Riemersma Kasen K. , Martin Michael A. , Halfmann Peter J. , Crooks Chelsea M. , Prall Trent , Baker David , Baczenas John J. , Heffron Anna S. , Ramuta Mitchell , Khubbar Manjeet , Weiler Andrea M. , Accola Molly A. , Rehrauer William M. , O’Connor Shelby L. , Safdar Nasia , Pepperell Caitlin S. , Dasu Trivikram , Bhattacharyya Sanjib , Kawaoka Yoshihiro , Koelle Katia , O’Connor David H. , Friedrich Thomas C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEvidence-based public health approaches that minimize the introduction and spread of new SARS-CoV-2 transmission clusters are urgently needed in the United States and other countries struggling with expanding epidemics. Here we analyze 247 full-genome SARS-CoV-2 sequences from two nearby communities in Wisconsin, USA, and find surprisingly distinct patterns of viral spread. Dane County had the 12th known introduction of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States, but this did not lead to descendant community spread. Instead, the Dane County outbreak was seeded by multiple later introductions, followed by limited community spread. In contrast, relatively few introductions in Milwaukee County led to extensive community spread. We present evidence for reduced viral spread in both counties following the statewide “Safer at Home” order, which went into effect 25 March 2020. Our results suggest patterns of SARS-CoV-2 transmission may vary substantially even in nearby communities. Understanding these local patterns will enable better targeting of public health interventions.