bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The feasibility of a multi‐professional training to improve how health care professionals deliver different news to families during pregnancy and at birth
Authors: Mugweni Esther , Lowenhoff Catherine , Walker Melita , Jaswal Sabrena , Emrys‐Jones Angela , Adams Cheryll , Kendall Sally 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn the United Kingdom, pregnant women are offered foetal anomaly screening to assess the chance of their baby being born with eleven different conditions. How health care professionals (HCPs) deliver news about a child having a congenital anomaly affects how it is received and processed by parents. We refer to this news as different news.MethodsWe conducted a mixed methods evaluation of a training intervention to improve how HCPs deliver different news. Twenty‐six HCPs self‐completed pretraining and posttraining questionnaires on skills, knowledge, and attitudes related to delivering different news. Qualitative interviews were conducted with eight HCPs. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, the paired t test to compare the pre and post scores and estimate the difference between pre and post scores, and the 95% confidence interval. Qualitative data were analysed using framework analysis guided by the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF).ResultsThe training intervention was both feasible and acceptable. HCPs indicated that it enhanced or consolidated their knowledge and skills, covered topics relevant to their practice, and that they would recommend it to colleagues. Participants particularly valued integration of the voice of parents with lived experience in the training. Significant increase in mean scores were observed in confidence to deliver different news (2.81, 95% CI [2.43, 3.19] to 4.28, 95% CI [4.09, 4.47]; p < .001) and skills to deliver different news (3.00, 95% CI [2.64, 3.36] to 4.36, 95% CI [4.13, 4.59]; p < .001). HCPs reported feeling more confident in their ability to provide sensitive, responsive, balanced care to families.ConclusionsThe significant improvements in confidence and skills reported by HCPs suggest that the training may be effective in equipping HCPs to minimize the distress, anxiety, and depression associated with receiving different news. This represents a key aspect of the prevention of mental ill health across the life course.
Institutions and the financial development–economic growth nexus in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Aluko Olufemi A. , Ibrahim Muazu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUsing a sample splitting approach that does not impose an exogenous quadratic term, we examine the effect of financial development on economic growth in sub‐Saharan Africa by allowing the link to be mediated by the level of institutions. Our findings reveal a disproportionate growth‐enhancing effect of finance, given countries’ distinct level of institutional quality. More specifically, when the International Country Risk Guide‐based measure of institutions is used as the threshold variable, below the optimal level of institutional quality, financial development does not significantly promote economic growth. For countries with institutional quality above the threshold, higher finance is associated with growth. However, when institutions are measured by World Governance Indicators proxy, we find a significant effect of financial development, irrespective of whether a country is below or above the threshold. Interestingly, the growth‐enhancing effect of finance is greater for low‐institution countries relative to high‐institution countries. Thus, through its ability to provide some crucial roles, the well‐developed financial sector may also perform the function of sound institutions in influencing economic growth.
First detection of Bursaphelenchus mucronatus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) on Monochamus sutor (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Romania
Authors: Mitrea‐Calin Monica , Inácio Maria L. , Cean Mirela , Costache Claudia , Rusinque Leidy , Paraschiv Marius , Camacho Maria J. , Vieira Paulo , Cristea Stelica , Nóbrega Filomena 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAs a result of the detection of the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in Portugal, and its subsequent spread to Spain, intense surveys were conducted to screen for the presence of Bursaphelenchus species in Romania. Herein, we report recent surveys of insects potentially vectoring Bursaphelenchus species collected using trap trees or pheromone‐baited traps placed in the forest. Trap felled spruce trees (Picea abies) and pheromone‐baited traps were installed in six different counties in Romania (Brașov, Sibiu, Suceava, Hunedoara, Timiș and Dâmbovița). Ten different species of insects distributed among Curculionidae and Cerambycidae were obtained. Nematodes were extracted from insects and observed to validate the presence of Bursaphelenchus specimens. One female identified as Monochamus sutor was the only specimen carrying nematodes in the genus Bursaphelenchus. Nematodes were identified as B. mucronatus based on morphological and molecular features. This is the first detection and report of natural spread of B. mucronatus in Romania. The absence of B. xylophilus was confirmed in the areas of Romania surveyed in this work.
Medical interventions suppressed progression of advanced Alzheimer's disease more than mild Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Honjo Yasuyuki , Ide Kazuki , Takechi Hajime 
Published: February 2020

AimAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease. In 2000, Mendiondo et al. reported on a model predicting that AD progresses at an accelerating rate and cognitive function worsens rapidly. Recently, anti‐AD drugs and non‐pharmacological intervention have been established, but the effect of intervention is unclear and might depend on the stage of AD progression. Here, we examined the prediction of Mendiondo's model in patients with different severities of AD.MethodsA total of 163 new outpatients with AD at four memory clinics were retrospectively analyzed. The Revised Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS‐R) and Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) were administered to all AD patients at the first visit and after approximately 12 months. We divided the patients into three groups according to scores at the first visit: mild, moderate and moderate‐to‐severe. We compared the scores at the first visit with those obtained after 12 months of anti‐AD drug and non‐pharmacological interventions.ResultsThe HDS‐R score improved from 14.5 to 15.0, and the MMSE score improved from 18.8 to 19.1 after 12 months of intervention. Also, the HDS‐R and MMSE scores at the first visit were significantly associated with the annual change in the scores. Among the three groups, lower HDS‐R and MMSE scores at the first visit were associated with significantly greater annual improvement in the scores after 12 months of intervention.ConclusionsContrary to the prediction of Mendiondo's model, mild or moderate AD progressed more rapidly than moderate‐to‐severe AD under pharmacological and non‐pharmacological interventions. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 324–328.
Blended professionals, technology and online learning: Identifying a socio‐technical third space in higher education
Authors: White Steven , White Su , Borthwick Kate 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe idea of a ‘third space’ located between academic and professional domains has proven useful in exploring changing academic and professional roles in higher education, including in online learning. However, the role of technology in accounts of third space activity remains under‐explored. Drawing on research into the introduction of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) at three UK higher education institutions, it is argued that both social and technical factors must be considered to understand, plan for and manage the third space roles and structures which emerge in such initiatives. This study focuses on learning designers, confirming that they act as third space ‘blended professionals’ in the somewhat distinctive case of MOOC development. However, it also proposes the concept of a socio‐technical third space in which blended professionals act as hubs in a metaphorical network of activity, using social and technical means to shape their own roles and those of others.
Executive functioning and disinhibited eating in children and adolescents
Authors: Kelly Nichole R. , Jaramillo Manuela , Ramirez Sophie , Altman Deborah R. , Rubin Sarah G. , Yang Shanna B. , Courville Amber B. , Shank Lisa M. , Byrne Meghan E. , Lemay‐Russell Sarah , Brady Sheila M. , Broadney Miranda M. , Tanofsky‐Kraff Marian , Yanovski Jack A. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryBackgroundExecutive functioning (EF) difficulties may be associated with problems regulating eating behaviours. Few studies have evaluated this question in youth using diverse measures of EF or objective measures of energy intake.MethodsThe current study used neuropsychological tasks and a laboratory test meal to evaluate the links between EF and youth's disinhibited eating patterns. Two‐hundred‐five nontreatment seeking youth (M age = 13.1 ± 2.8 years; M BMIz = 0.6 ± 1.0; 33.2% overweight; 54.1% female) completed tasks measuring decision making, general and food‐specific behavioural disinhibition, willingness to delay gratification for food and money, cognitive flexibility, and working memory. Age (children vs adolescents) was examined as a moderator. All analyses adjusted for demographic factors, pubertal status, lean mass (kg), fat mass (%), height, general intellectual functioning, and depressive symptoms.ResultsAfter adjusting for multiple comparisons, more general behavioural disinhibition was associated with greater total energy intake (P = .02), and poorer cognitive flexibility was associated with more fat intake (P = .03) across all ages. Poorer decision making in children (P = .04), but not adolescents (P = .24), was associated with greater fat intake. Food‐specific behavioural disinhibition, the ability to delay gratification for both food and monetary rewards, and working memory were not significantly associated with youth's disinhibited eating patterns during a single meal.ConclusionsMost domains of EF were not associated with youth's disinhibited eating. Significant associations may highlight the need to target specific cognitive processes, particularly behavioural disinhibition, decision making, and cognitive flexibility, in potential intervention strategies for children's disinhibited eating.
ACTN2 (rs6656267) and MPPED2 (rs11031093 and rs536007) polymorphisms in primary dentition caries: A case‐control study
Authors: Katifelis Hector , Sioziou Anna , Gazouli Maria , Emmanouil Dimitris 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundDental caries represents one of the most common human diseases which can lead to pulpitis, pain, and tooth loss and can negatively affect growth and well‐being. Although dietary and environmental factors have been extensively studied towards their contribution of the disease, genetic factors that contribute one's susceptibility over caries development remain rather clouded.AimTo investigate the possible contribution of ACTN2 (rs6656267) and MPPED2 (rs11031093 and rs536007) polymorphisms in primary dentition caries.DesignSamples from children (5‐12 years old) were collected and genotyped for ACTN2 (rs6656267) and MPPED2 (rs11031093 and rs536007) polymorphisms. With regard to dmfs index and socio‐economic status, an association between these polymorphisms and primary dentition caries was investigated.ResultsACTN2 (rs6655267) and MPPED2 (rs536007) are not associated with primary dentition caries. MPPED2 (rs11031093, G Allele) is marginally associated.ConclusionsMPPED2 (rs11031093, G Allele) is marginally associated with caries susceptibility on primary dentition.
The MAAPE score in intermediate and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with Yttrium‐90 resin microsphere radioembolization
Authors: Wallace Michael C , Samuelson Shaun , Khoo Tiffany , Ooi Jacob , Tibballs Jonathan , Ferguson John , Preen David B , Knuiman Matthew , Garas George , MacQuillan Gerry , Adams Leon A , Jeffrey Gary P 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground and AimYttrium‐90 resin microsphere radioembolization (RE) is not recommended for routine use in intermediate or advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by recent guidelines. This study aims to establish pre‐treatment variables which predict survival in HCC patients treated with RE to identify those who will benefit most from it, and to inform patient selection for future trials.MethodsSingle center, retrospective study of consecutive patients with HCC treated with RE from 2007 to 2018. Patients included if undergoing their first RE treatment for intermediate or advanced HCC; a Child–Pugh score of B7 or less; and a performance status of 1 or less. Multivariable Cox regression identified variables that were significantly associated with survival. A predictive score was developed based upon coefficients from the fitted Cox regression model, and cubic spline regression was used to identify prognostic groups.ResultsOne hundred thirteen patients with intermediate (53.1%) and advanced HCC (45.1%) followed for a median of 13.2 months were included. Variables associated with superior survival used to derive the MAAPE score were lower Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score (≤ 7), lower Alpha‐fetoprotein (≤ 150 IU/L), higher serum Albumin (> 37 g/L), absence of Portal vein tumor thrombus, and better performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group = 0). Three survival prognostic groups were identified: good (median overall survival 25.0 months), average (15.3 months), and poor (6.3 months) (overall log–rank test, P < 0.001).ConclusionThe MAAPE score accurately identifies HCC patients in whom RE is safe and effective. This will allow for optimal patient selection for future trials of RE versus systemic therapy.
Differences in Caregiver Reports of the Quality of Hospice Care Across Settings
Authors: Quigley Denise D. , Parast Layla , Haas Ann , Elliott Marc N. , Teno Joan M. , Anhang Price Rebecca 
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVESTo examine variation in reported experiences with hospice care by setting.DESIGNConsumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems Hospice (CAHPS®) Survey data from 2016 were analyzed. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to examine differences in measure scores by setting of care (home, nursing home [NH], hospital, freestanding hospice inpatient unit [IPU], and assisted living facility [ALF]).SETTINGA total of 2636 US hospices.PARTICIPANTSA total of 311 635 primary caregivers of patients who died in hospice.MEASUREMENTSOutcomes were seven hospice quality measures, including five composite measures that assess aspects of hospice care important to patients and families, including hospice team communication, timeliness of care, treating family member with respect, symptom management, and emotional and spiritual support, and two global measures of the overall rating of the hospice and willingness to recommend it to friends and family. Analyses were adjusted for mode of survey administration and differences in case‐mix between hospices.RESULTSCaregivers of decedents who received hospice care in a NH reported significantly worse experiences than caregivers of those in the home for all measures. ALF scores were also significantly lower than home for all measures, except providing emotional and spiritual support. Differences in NH and ALF settings compared to home were particularly large for hospice team communication (ranging from −11 to −12 on a 0‐100 scale) and getting help for symptoms (ranging from −7 to −10). Consistently across all care settings, hospice team communication, treating family member with respect, and providing emotional and spiritual support were most strongly associated with overall rating of care.CONCLUSIONSImportant opportunities exist to improve quality of hospice care in NHs and ALFs. Quality improvement and regulatory interventions targeting the NH and ALF settings are needed to ensure that all hospice decedents and their family receive high‐quality, patient‐ and family‐centered hospice care. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1218–1225, 2020.
The Community‐Academic Aging Research Network: A Pipeline for Dissemination
Authors: Mahoney Jane E. , Pinzon Maria Mora , Myers Shannon , Renken Jill , Eggert Erin , Palmer Will 
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESThe Community‐Academic Aging Research Network (CAARN) was created to increase the capacity and effectiveness of Wisconsin's Aging Network and the University of Wisconsin to conduct community‐based research related to aging. The purpose of this article is to describe CAARN's infrastructure, outcomes, and lessons learned.DESIGNUsing principles of community‐based participatory research, CAARN engages stakeholders to participate in the design, development, and testing of older adult health interventions that address community needs, are sustainable, and improve health equity.SETTINGAcademic healthcare and community organizations.PARTICIPANTSResearchers, community members, and community organizations.INTERVENTIONCAARN matches academic and community partners to develop and test evidence‐based programs to be distributed by a dissemination partner.MEASUREMENTSNumber of partnerships and funding received.RESULTSCAARN has facilitated 33 projects since its inception in 2010 (30 including rural populations), involving 46 academic investigators, 52 Wisconsin counties, and 1 tribe. These projects have garnered 52 grants totaling $20 million in extramural and $3 million in intramural funding. Four proven interventions are being prepared for national dissemination by the Wisconsin Institute for Healthy Aging: one to improve physical activity; one to reduce bowel and bladder incontinence; one to reduce sedentary behavior; and one to reduce falls risk among Latinx older adults. Additionally, one intervention to improve balance using a modified tai chi program is being disseminated by another organization.CONCLUSIONCAARN's innovative structure creates a pipeline to dissemination by designing for real‐world settings through inclusion of stakeholders in the early stages of design and by packaging community‐based health interventions for older adults so they can be disseminated after the research has been completed. These interventions provide opportunities for clinicians to engage with community organizations to improve the health of their patients through self‐management. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1325–1333, 2020.
Disentangling aggregation‐prone proteins: a new method for isolating α‐synuclein species
Authors: Nichols Michael R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractProtein aggregation plays a central role in numerous neurodegenerative diseases. The key proteins in these diseases are of significant importance, but their investigation can be challenging due to unique properties of protein misfolding and oligomerization. Alpha‐synuclein protein (α‐Syn) is the predominant component of Lewy Bodies in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and is a member of this class of proteins. Many α‐Syn studies are limited by the inability to separate various monomeric, oligomeric, and fibrillar forms of the protein from heterogeneous mixtures. This Editorial Highlight summarizes the impact of a study published in the current issue of Journal of Neurochemistry, in which Lashuel and colleagues developed a simple, rapid centrifugation‐ and filter‐based method for separating, isolating, and quantifying different forms of α‐Syn. The researchers used electron microscopy, SDS‐PAGE, circular dichroism, and protein assays to carefully validate the method and quantitate α‐Syn yields and loss. The publication of this new method will not only aid in future studies of α‐Syn, but will likely extend to other proteins that underlie a variety of neurodegenerative diseases.
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From “Time is Brain” to “Imaging is Brain”: A Paradigm Shift in the Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Puig Josep , Shankar Jai , Liebeskind David , Terceño Mikel , Nael Kambiz , Demchuk Andrew M , Menon Bijoy , Dowlatshahi Dar , Leiva‐Salinas Carlos , Wintermark Max , Thomalla Götz , Silva Yolanda , Serena Joaquin , Pedraza Salvador , Essig Marco 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTArterial recanalization to restore the blood supply and limit the brain damage is the primary goal in the management of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Since the publication of pivotal randomized clinical trials in 2015, endovascular thrombectomy has become part of the standard of care in selected cases of AIS from large‐vessel occlusions up to 6 hours after the onset of symptoms. However, the association between endovascular reperfusion and improved functional outcome is not strictly time dependent. Rather than on rigid time windows, candidates should be selected based on vascular and physiologic information. This approach places imaging data at the center of treatment decisions. Advances in imaging‐based management of AIS provide crucial information about vessel occlusion, infarct core, ischemic penumbra, and degree of collaterals. This information is invaluable in identifying patients who are likely to benefit from reperfusion therapies and excluding those who are unlikely to benefit or are at risk of adverse effects. The approach to reperfusion therapies continues to evolve, and imaging is acquiring a greater role in the diagnostic work‐up and treatment decisions as shown in recent clinical trials with extended time window. The 2018 American Heart Association/American Stroke Association guidelines reflect a paradigm shift in the management of AIS from “Time is Brain” to “Imaging is Brain.” This review discusses the essential role of multimodal imaging developing from recent trials on therapy for AIS.
Gadolinium causes M1 and M2 microglial apoptosis after intracerebral haemorrhage and exerts acute neuroprotective effects
Authors: Ohnishi Masatoshi , Kai Takao , Shimizu Yuki , Yano Yukino , Urabe Yuui , Tasaka Shunpei , Akagi Marina , Yamaguchi Yasunori , Inoue Atsuko 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Gadolinium (Gd) affects microglial polarization during remyelination. We previously reported that the suppression of proinflammatory microglia was neuroprotective in intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of Gd on microglial polarization and neuronal injury after ICH.

Methods
Gadolinium was intraperitoneally administered to ICH mice prepared by an intrastriatal microinjection of collagenase type VII. The polarization of M1, 2a, b and c microglia was evaluated by real-time PCR using the respective markers. Changes in representative mRNAs were also confirmed by immunological methods. Neuroprotective effects were evaluated by counting NeuN-positive cells and a behavioural analysis.

Key findings
One day after ICH, the mRNA levels of proinflammatory M1 microglial markers, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and anti-inflammatory M2 microglial markers, such as arginase1 (M2a, c), Ym1 (M2a), and transforming growth factor-β (M2c), increased, while those of chemokine CCL1 (M2b) only increased after 3 days. Gd decreased the levels of all M1 and M2 markers. Arginase1 and iNOS protein levels also increased, and Gd reduced them due to apoptotic cell death. Gadolinium attenuated oedema, neuron loss, neurological deficits and the mortality rate without affecting haematoma sizes.

Conclusions
Gadolinium induced M1 and M2 microglial apoptosis and exerted acute neuroprotective effects after ICH.