bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome in different developmental stages of Cerasus humilis peel coloration
Authors: Ji Xiaolong , Ren Jing , Sun Lijiao , Lang Shaoyu , Zhu Liwei , Song Xing Shun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Cerasus humilis is a unique dwarf shrub and fruit color is an important trait in the species. In this study, we evaluated the transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles of the plant at different developmental stages to elucidate the mechanism underlying color formation.Results: In a metabolomics analysis, 16 anthocyanin components were identified at different developmental stages, and high levels of cyanidin O-syringic acid and pelargonidin 3-O-beta-d-glucoside (callistephin chloride) were correlated with the reddening of the fruit peel. Additionally, transcriptome analysis showed that most anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and two MYB transcription factors were significantly up-regulated. qRT-PCR results for these differentially expressed genes were generally consistent with the high-throughput sequencing. A co-expression analysis revealed that ANS and UFGT play keys role in pigmentation. Conclusions: These findings provide insight into the mechanisms underlying anthocyanin accumulation and coloration during fruit peel development, providing a basis for the breeding of anthocyanin-rich C. humilis cultivars.
Retinal Vascular Changes with Non-Arteritis Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Assessed with IVAN Analysis
Authors: Zhang Longli , Hei Kaiwen , Ke Yifeng , Zhang Heng , Li Xiaorong , Yang Qianhui 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

To assess the vascular changes associated with non-arteritis anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) by using integrative vessel analysis (IVAN) and risk factors associated with NAION.
Methods

We performed a case-control study of 120 patients, including 40 NAION patients during July 2015 to July 2019. Patients were divided into Normal, hypertension and NAION groups. IVAN was conducted to evaluate the caliber of retinal vessels. In addition, we also analyzed risk factors (age, gender and BMI) to identify their association with NAION.
Results

84 women and 36 men were involved in our study, the average age was 58 ± 9.98 years. CRAE, CRVE and AVR in the whole patients were 154.54 ± 21.53 µm, 252.22 ± 15.88 µm and 0.64, respectively. ANOVA analysis showed significant difference of CRAE [F (2,116) = 4.203, p = 0.017], CRVE [F (2,116) = 49.91, p < 0.001] and AVR [F (2,116) = 13.81, p < 0.0001] between each group, NAION group had wider CRAE and CRVE, while smaller AVR. BMI value showed negative correlation with CRAE in NAION group, while positively with CRVE.
Conclusion

Retinal vascular caliber can be used as an indicator to evaluate the NAION. Our study suggested that an assessment of retinal vascular caliber may offer insights into the development of NAION.
Evaluation and management of obstetric genital fistulas treated at a pelvic floor centre in Germany
Authors: Reisenauer Christl , Amend Bastian , Falch Claudius , Abele Harald , Brucker Sara Yvonne , Andress Jürgen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Obstetric genital fistulas are an uncommon condition in developed countries. We evaluated their causes and management in women treated at a German pelvic floor centre.Methods: Women who had undergone surgery for obstetric genital fistulas between January 2006 and June 2020 were identified and their records were reviewed retrospectively.Results: 11 out of 40 women presented with genitourinary fistulas, and 29 suffered from rectovaginal fistulas. In our cohort the genitourinary fistulas were more common in multiparous (9/11) and the rectovaginal fistulas in primiparaous women (24/29). The majority of the genitourinary fistulas were at a high anterior position in the vagina and all rectovaginal fistulas were at a low posterior position. While all genitourinary fistulas were successfully closed, rectovaginal fistula closure was achieved in 88.65%. Women who suffered from rectovaginal fistulas and were at high risk of recurrence or postoperative functional discomfort and desired another child, we recommended the fistula repair in context of a subsequent delivery. For the first time, pregnancy related changes of the vaginal wall were used to optimize the success rate of a fistula closure.Conclusions: In developed countries, the birth itself can lead to injury-related genital fistulas. As fistula repair lacks evidence-based guidance, their management has to be tailored to the underlying pathology and the surgeonʼs experience. Attention should be directed towards preventive obstetric practice and adequate perinatal and postpartum care. Even if vesicovaginal fistulas occur rarely, in case of urinary incontinence after delivery, attention should be paid to the patient and a vesicovaginal fistula should be ruled out.Trial registration: retrospectively registered, DRKS 00022543, 28.07.2020
Analyzing Twitter Data to Evaluate the People’s Attitudes to Public Health Policies and Events in the Era of COVID-19
Authors: Tsai Meng-Hsiu , Wang Yingfeng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: In the era of a pandemic like COVID-19, monitoring the sentimental changes of the population is an urgent need, especially for the policy makers of the public health. A possible solution is to build a fast and low-cost surveillance system by using the sentiment analysis of Twitter data. Unfortunately, choosing a suitable sentiment classification model is still challenging. The general pre-trained model may be insensitive to the new specific terms of the pandemic. The early-trained model may have a bias issue due to the incomplete specific corpus. Although it is reasonable to assume the late-trained model is relatively reliable, it is usually available months after a pandemic begins. Methods: This paper conducts the sentiment analysis of Twitter data and compares different models. Furthermore, we propose a strategy for using the pre-trained, early-trained, and latetrained models in a surveillance system based on Twitter data. The first two models can be used together in the early stage, while the last model can be used in the late stage. This study also analyzes the relationship between the sentimental changes of COVID-19-related Twitter data and the public health policies and events. Results: Our results indicate that applying the pre-trained model to preprocessing early training samples may improve the early-trained model. Both models can work together by making up each other in the surveillance system in the early stage. Conclusions: A fast and low-cost surveillance system is critical to the policy makers of the public health in a pandemic. This work uses the sentiment analysis of Twitter data to evaluate people’s attitudes to public health policies and events. We propose a strategy to make the surveillance system effective since the early stage. This study also connects the sentimental changes of COVID19-related Twitter data to the public health policies and events.
Health System Preparedness in Tackling the COVID-19 in Nepal: a Qualitative Study Among Frontline Healthcare Workers and Policymakers
Authors: Shrestha Nipun , Mishra Shiva Raj , Ghimire Saruna , Gyawali Bishal , Marahatta Sujan Babu , Maskey Smriti , Baral Sushila , Shrestha Nilima , Yadav Rakesh , Adhikari Bipin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundRapidly growing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought unprecedented challenges to the health system in Nepal. The main objective of this study was to explore the characteristics and drivers of the health system preparedness towards COVID-19 and its impacts on frontline health care workers (HCWs) in Nepal.MethodsSemi-structured interviews (SSIs) were conducted among 32 HCWs who were involved in clinical care of COVID-19 patients and four policymakers who were responsible for COVID-19 control and management at central and provincial level. Participants were included from all seven provinces of Nepal. All SSIs were conducted through telephone or internet based tools such as Zoom and Skype. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed into English, and coded using inductive and deductive approaches.ResultsBoth HCWs and policymakers reported failure to initiate pre-emptive control measures at the early stages of the outbreak as the pivot in pandemic control. Although several measures were rolled out when cases started to appear, the overall health system preparedness was low. Specifically, there was inadequate personal protective equipment for HCWs, insufficient isolation beds for patients, poor coordination between the three tiers of governance, and poor engagement of the private sector. Additionally, HCWs experienced various degrees of stigma because of their profession and yet were able to maintain their motivation to continue working in the forefront.ConclusionThis study identified poor preparedness of the health system in the course of Nepal's COVID-19 response embedded in the governance. Specifically, the lack of human resources, inadequate logistic chain management and laboratory facilities for testing COVID-19 appeared to have jeopardized the health system preparedness and escalated the pandemic in Nepal. Despite the poor preparedness, and health and safety concerns, HCWs maintained their motivation. Urgent efforts are required to reform the governance and coordination mechanism in addition to incentivizing the HCWs for the current and future pandemics.
Shared Genetic Links Between Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Obesity-Related Traits: A Genome-Wide Association Study
Authors: Li Chunyu , Ou Ruwei , Gu Xiaojing , Wei Qianqian , Shang HuiFang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Epidemiological and clinical studies have suggested comorbidity between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and obesity-related traits. However, little is known about their shared genetic architecture.Objective: To examine whether there exist genetic enrichment between ALS and eleven obesity-related traits, including body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio, body fat percentage (BFP), birth weight, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), type 2 diabetes (T2D), fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and identify shared loci among them.Methods: Using the conditional false discovery rate (FDR) statistical framework, we analyzed genome wide association summary statistics for ALS (n=80610) and obesity-related traits, and further conducted functional enrichment analysis.Results: Robust genetic enrichment was observed for ALS conditional on BMI, BFP, HDL-C, LDL-C and T2D, but minimal enrichment on the other traits. 9 shared genetic loci with conjunctional FDR < 0.05 was identified, among which 6 were replicated in a second ALS cohort, including rs3849942 (C9orf72), rs170663 (G2E3), rs8018993 (SCFD1), rs978220 (ATXN3), rs62333164 (CLCN3) and rs12603276 (GGNBP2). We further identified GGNBP2 as a novel potential ALS risk gene, by integrating cis-expression quantitative trait loci analysis in human brain tissue and summary-data-based Mendelian randomization analysis. Functional analysis indicated the shared risk genes were involved in pathways membrane trafficking and vesicle-mediated transport.Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate selective genetic overlap between ALS and obesity-related traits, and identified new shared risk loci, including novel potential ALS risk gene GGNBP2. These results provide better understanding for the pleiotropy of ALS and have implications for future therapeutic trials.
Which factors may influence the implementation of drug dispensing in community pharmacies? A qualitative study
Authors: Cerqueira-Santos Sabrina , Rocha Kérlin Stancine Santos , Araújo Dyego Carlos Souza Anacleto , Júnior Genival Araujo Santos , Menezes Pedro Wlisses dos Santos , Sanchez Júlia Mirão , Mesquita Alessandra Rezende , Lyra Divaldo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to author disagreement.
Determinants of HIV Testing Among Men Living in Rural Areas: Evidence from Ethiopian Population–Based Household Survey, 2016.
Authors: Worku Getasew Taddesse 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Ethiopia is one of the high-burden HIV Country with low HIV test uptake. Although HIV is more prevalent among women in Sub-Saharan countries, HIV testing among men is equally important to end the HIV epidemic. Objective: To investigate the prevalence and determinants of HIV testing among rural men using Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) 2016 data.Method: This study used EDHS 2016 data. The sample size for this study was 10,187 rural men. Descriptive statistics analysis to know sample distribution and bivariable and multivariable logistic regression to identify associated factors with rural men's HIV testing status. All analyses were performed using the complex sample analysis procedure of the SPSS version 20.0 to account for the multistage sampling.Result: Overall, 40.3% of rural men were ever been tested for HIV. In the multivariable analysis, Being aged, 31-44 [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR:) 1.12; 95% CI: 1.01-1.42], living in developed regions (AOR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.09-1.88), engaged in non-agricultural sector (AOR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.05-1.52), being Muslim (AOR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.67-2.67), and having comprehensive knowledge about HIV (AOR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.12-1.54) were positively associated with HIV testing. In the contrary, belonging to medium (AOR: 0.56; 95% CI:0.47-0.67) and rich (AOR: 0.67; 95% CI:0.56-0.80) wealth status, attending primary (AOR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.16-0.28)) and secondary (AOR: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.25-0.35) education, having first sexual debut at age of <=17 (AOR: 0.26;95% CI: 0.19-0.93), perceived stigma towards HIV patients (AOR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.47-0.93) and have not health insurance coverage(AOR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.42-0.69) were negatively associated with HIV testing among rural men.Conclusion: HIV testing of rural men was very low. Socio-economic and other push factors like comprehensive knowledge about HIV, Perceived stigma towards HIV patients, and having health insurance coverage were found the determinant of testing among rural men. The Ethiopian government with its stakeholders should focus on rural men who least likely to get HIV testing. The Awareness building program about HIV and HIV testing should be initiated to encourage rural men to visit health facilities and take the test.
A Multilevel Modelling of Barriers to Healthcare Access and Healthcare Seeking for Childhood Illnesses Among Childbearing Women in Burundi
Authors: Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Hagan John Elvis Elvis , Budu Eugene , Mohammed Aliu , Adu Collins , Ameyaw Edward Kwabena , Adoboi Faustina , Schack Thomas 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundPoor health seeking behaviour continue to be major challenge in accessing healthcare in sub-Saharan Africa despite the availability of effective treatment for most childhood illnesses. The current study investigated the barriers to healthcare access and health seeking for childhood illnesses in Burundi.Methods The study utilized data from the 2016-17 Burundi Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS). A total of 11,828 childbearing women who had complete information on all the variables of interest were included in our study. The outcome variable for the study was healthcare seeking for childhood illnesses. The data were analyzed using STATA version 14.2 for windows. Chi-square test of independence and a multilevel modelling were carried out to generate the results. Statistical significance was pegged at 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results Overall, 80.55% of women in Burundi sought care for their children’s illness. We found that women who perceived getting money for medical care for self as a big problem [AOR=0.82; CI=0.73-0.91] and considered going for medical care alone as a big problem [AOR=0.84; CI=0.73-0.96], had lower odds of seeking healthcare for their children, compared to those who considered these indicators as not a big problem. The results also showed that cohabiting mothers [AOR=0.86; CI=0.76-0.96], those taking healthcare decisions alone [AOR=0.83; CI=0.71-0.97], women in female headed households [AOR=0.85;CI=0.74-0.98], women with children larger [AOR=0.86;CI=0.77-0.96] and smaller than average [AOR=0.76;CI=0.67-0.87], single birth children [AOR=0.65; 0.47-0.89], and women in rural areas [AOR=0.79; CI=0.63-0.99] had lower odds of seeking care for their children’s illness.ConclusionFindings suggest that Burundi should strengthen maternal health care regarding women’s healthcare accessibility and health seeking behaviours, especially with residential consideration and among women from the poorest wealth quintile, those cohabiting and those with lower parity. The Burundian government through multi-sectoral partnership should strengthen health systems (e.g. pay-for-performance [P4P]) for maternal health and address structural determinants of women’s health by creating favourable conditions to improve the status of women and foster their overall socioeconomic well-being.
Research on Early Warning of Renal Damage in Hypertensive Patients Based on Stacking Strategy
Authors: Bi Qiubo , Kuang Zemin , E Haihong , Song Meina , Tang Xinying , Liu Xing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Among the problems caused by hypertension, the early renal damage is often ignored. It can not be diagnosed until the condition is serious and irreversible damage occurs. So we decide to screen and explore related risk factors for hypertensive patients with early renal damage, and establish early-warning model of renal damage based on the data-mining method to achieve early diagnosis for hypertensive patients with renal damage. Methods: With the aid of electronic information management system for hypertensive specialist out-patient, we collected 513 cases of original untreated hypertensive patients, and recorded their demographic data, ambulatory blood pressure parameters, blood routine index and blood biochemical index to establish the clinical database, then we screen risk factors for early renal damage through feature engineering, and use Random Forest, Extra-Trees and XGBoost to build a early-warning model respectively. Finally, we build a new model by model fusion based on Stacking strategy. We use cross validation to evaluate the stability and reliability of each mode to determine the best risk assessment model. Results: According to the degree of importance, the descending order of features selected by feature engineering is the drop rate of systolic blood pressure at night, the red blood cell distribution width, blood pressure circadian rhythm, the average diastolic blood pressure at daytime, body surface area, smoking, age and HDL. Among the early-warning models of renal damage without model fusion, XGBoost has the best effect, the average accuracy of 5-fold cross validation is 0.90457. And the average accuracy of the two-dimensional fusion model based on Stacking strategy is 0.91428, which is greatly improved. Conclusions: Through feature engineering and risk factor analysis, we select the drop rate of systolic blood pressure at night, the red blood cell distribution width, blood pressure circadian rhythm and the average diastolic blood pressure at daytime as early-warning factors of early renal damage in patients with hypertension. On this basis, the two-dimensional fusion model based on Stacking strategy has a better effect than the single model, which can be used for risk assessment of early renal damage in hypertensive patients.
Human Nuclear Receptors (NRs) Genes have Prognostic Significance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Sun Guangtao , Sun Kejian , Shen Chao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the world. Human nuclear receptors (NRs) have been identified to closely related to various cancer. However, the prognostic significance of NRs on HCC patients has not been studied in detail.Method: We downloaded the mRNA profiles and clinical information of 371 HCC patients from TCGA database and analyzed the expression of 48 NRs. The consensus clustering analysis with the mRNA levels of 48 NRs was performed by the "ConsensusClusterPlus". The Univariate cox regression analysis was performed to predict the prognostic significance of NRs on HCC. The risk score was calculated by the prognostic model constructed based on eight optimal NRs which were selected. Then Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to determine whether the risk score is an independent prognostic signature. Finally, the nomogram based on multiple independent prognostic factors including risk score and TNM Stage was used to predict the long-term survival of HCC patients.Results: NRs could effectively separate HCC samples with different prognosis. The prognostic model constructed based on the eight optimal NRs (NR1H3, ESR1, NR1I2, NR2C1, NR6A1, PPARD, PPARG and VDR) could effectively predict the prognosis of HCC patients as an independent prognostic signature. Moreover, the nomogram was constructed based on multiple independent prognostic factors including risk score and TNM Stage and could better predict the long-term survival for 3- and 5-year of HCC patients.Conclusion: Our results provided novel evidences that NRs could act as the potential prognostic signatures for HCC patients.
Electronic Data Management in Public Health and Humanitarian Crises. Upgrades, Scalability and Impact of ODK
Authors: Marks Michael , Lal Sham , Brindle Hannah , Gsell Pierre-Stéphane , MacGregor Matthew , Stott Callum , Rijdt Martijn van de , Almazor Guillermo Gutiérrez , Golia Suman , Watson Conall , Diallo Abdourahamane , Toure Alhassane , Houlihan Catherine , Keating Patrick , Martin Hélène , Restrepo Ana-Maria Henao , Anokwa Yaw , Roberts Chrissy 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundODK provides software and standards that are popular solutions for off-grid electronic data collection and are the basis of related products like CommCare, Enketo, Ona, SurveyCTO and KoBoToolbox. In combination with the use of statistical analysis software such as R, these tools provide fully open-source options for off-grid use in public health data collection, management, analysis and reporting.ResultsNew functions were developed to facilitate the use of ODK, Enketo and R in large scale data collection, aggregation, monitoring and near-real-time analysis during clinical research in health emergencies. We present open-source enhancements to ODK that include a built-in audit-trail, a framework and companion app for biometric registration of ISO/IEC 19794-2 fingerprint templates, enhanced performance features, better scalability for studies featuring millions of data form submissions, increased options for parallelisation of research projects, and pipelines for automated management and analysis of data. We also developed novel encryption protocols for enhanced web-form security in Enketo. During the 2018-2020 Ebola epidemic in the North Kivu & Ituri regions of Democratic Republic of Congo, ODK, Enketo and R were leveraged to support the DRC Ministère de la Santé RDC and World Health Organization in their efforts to administer an experimental vaccine (VSV-Zebov-GP) as part of their strategy to control the transmission of infection. Against the backdrop of a complex and challenging epidemic response, our enhanced platform of open tools was used to collect and manage data from more than 280,000 eligible study participants who received VSV under informed consent. These data were used to determine whether the VSV-Zebov-GP was safe and effective and to guide daily field operations.ConclusionsWe present open source developments that make electronic data management during clinical research and health emergencies more viable and robust. These developments will also enhance and expand the functionality of a diverse range of data collection platforms (Ona, KoBoToolbox etc.) that are based on the ODK software and standards.FundingThis research is funded by the Department of Health and Social Care using UK Aid funding and is managed by the NIHR (PR-OD-1017-20001).