bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MiR-128 promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in rat by targeting DKK2
Authors: Wang Can , Qiao Xianghe , Zhang Zhuang , Li Chunjie 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Bone loss caused by inflammatory disease, such as peri-implantitis, poses a great challenge to clinicians for restoration. Emerging evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) are indispensable regulators of bone growth, development, and formation. In the present study, we found that microRNA-128 (miR-128) was differentially up-regulated during the osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow stem cells (rBMSCs). Overexpression of miR-128 promoted osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs by up-regulating alkaline phosphatase (ALP), matrix mineralization, mRNA, and protein levels of osteogenic makers (e.g. RUNX2, BMP-2, and COLIA1), whereas inhibition of miR-128 suppressed osteoblastic differentiation in vitro. Mechanistically, miR-128 directly and functionally targeted Dickkopf2 (DKK2), which is a Wnt signaling pathway antagonist, and enhanced Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity. Furthermore, the positive effect of miR-128 on osteogenic differentiation was apparently abrogated by DKK2 overexpression. Collectively, these results indicate that miR-128 promotes osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs by targeting DKK2, which may provide a promising approach to the treatment of peri-implantitis.
Conceptualizing Participation and Communication Disorder in Dementia Research
Authors: Davies Katharine 
Published: January 2020

PurposeThe overarching aim of this article is to explore the relating concepts of participation and communication in dementia care research and to propose future avenues of research within the field of communication disorders. Individuals with dementia comprise speech-language pathologists' largest clinical population. In the context of a growing international movement toward ending discrimination and increasing social participation of persons with dementia, understanding how communication disability and participation interact warrants attention in this field. Previous literature has yet to explore links between communication disability and social citizenship in dementia care.MethodThis is a viewpoint article. A search was performed on three literature databases, followed by a snowball technique, in order to identify relevant literature on social citizenship.ResultsIntegrating a social citizenship–based understanding of participation in dementia would provide a framework for communication disorders researchers to examine systematic communicatively disabling conditions in communities and societies.ConclusionsIt is highlighted that a deeper understanding is needed of how stigmatization of both communication disability and dementia might interact to prevent the active participation of individuals with dementia.
Pathophysiology, Differential Diagnosis, and Management of Persistent Postural-Perceptual Dizziness: A Review
Authors: Holmberg Janene M. 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this article is to review the advancing understanding, differential diagnosis, and integral role of vestibular rehabilitation (VR) in the relatively new but very common diagnosis, persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD). PPPD is a functional vestibular disorder characterized by chronic and persistent nonspinning dizziness, visual/motion hypersensitivities, and perceived unsteadiness that is often triggered from a definable peripheral vestibular disorder. PPPD is being found to be more common than many well-known peripheral vestibular disorders such as Ménière's disease or bilateral vestibular hypofunction. Early and correct identification of PPPD, including appropriately prescribed VR, is being found essential not only to promote optimal recovery but also to prevent more refractory engrained PPPD.

Conclusion

PPPD management is steadily advancing, and treating clinicians are now able to access internationally sanctioned diagnostic criteria, World Health Organization
International Classification of Diseases
,
11th Revision
(WHO, 2018) classification, and advancing treatment protocols. Treatment protocols integrate not only medications and cognitive behavioral therapy but also the crucial role of VR, including education, visual/optokinetic motion desensitization, graded habitation, balance retraining, and integrated relaxation/mindfulness.
Wave heating of the solar atmosphere without shocks
Authors: Wójcik D. , Kuźma B. , Murawski K. , Musielak Z. E. 
Published: January 2020

Context. We investigate the wave heating problem of a solar quiet region and present its plausible solution without involving shock formation.
Aims. We aim to use numerical simulations to study wave propagation and dissipation in the partially ionized solar atmosphere, whose model includes both neutrals and ions.
Methods. We used a 2.5D two-fluid model of the solar atmosphere to study the wave generation and propagation. The source of these waves is the solar convection located beneath the photosphere.
Results. The energy carried by the waves is dissipated through ion-neutral collisions, which replace shocks used in some previous studies as the main source of local heating in quiet regions.
Conclusions. We show that the resulting wave dissipation is sufficient to balance radiative and thermal energy losses, and to sustain a quasi-stationary atmosphere whose averaged temperature profile agrees well with the observationally based semi-empirical model of Avrett & Loeser (2008, ApJS, 175, 229).
A global climatological model of extreme geomagnetic field fluctuations
Authors: Rogers Neil C. , Wild James A. , Eastoe Emma F. , Gjerloev Jesper W. , Thomson Alan W. P. 
Published: January 2020

This paper presents a multi-parameter global statistical model of extreme horizontal geomagnetic field fluctuations (dBH/dt), which are a useful input to models assessing the risk of geomagnetically induced currents in ground infrastructure. Generalised Pareto (GP) distributions were fitted to 1-min measurements of |dBH/dt| from 125 magnetometers (with an average of 28 years of data per site) and return levels (RL) predicted for return periods (RP) between 5 and 500 years. Analytical functions characterise the profiles of maximum-likelihood GP model parameters and the derived RLs as a function of corrected geomagnetic latitude,λ. A sharp peak in both the GP shape parameter and the RLs is observed at |λ| = 53° in both hemispheres, indicating a sharp equatorward limit of the auroral electrojet region. RLs also increase strongly in the dayside region poleward of the polar cusp (|λ| > 75°) for RPs > 100 years. We describe how the GP model may be further refined by modelling the probability of occurrences of |dBH/dt| exceeding the 99.97th percentile as a function of month, magnetic local time, and the direction of the field fluctuation,dBH, and demonstrate that these patterns of occurrence align closely to known patterns of auroral substorm onsets, ULF Pc5 wave activity, and (storm) sudden commencement impacts. Changes in the occurrence probability profiles with the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) orientation reveal further details of the nature of the ionospheric currents driving extreme |dBH/dt| fluctuations, such as the changing location of the polar cusp and seasonal variations explained by the Russell-McPherron effect.
Eyewear for Rugby Union: Wearer Characteristics and Experience with
Rugby Goggles
Authors: Little Julie-Anne , Eckert Fabienne , Douglas Marc , Barrett Brendan T. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUnlike many other sports, Rugby Union has not permitted players to wear
spectacles or eye protection. With an industrial partner, World Rugby developed
goggles suitable for use while playing rugby for the purposes of growing
participation amongst those that need to wear corrective lenses. This study
reports on the profile and experiences of goggle wearers. 387 players received
the goggles. Data were obtained from 188 (49%) using an online, 75-item
questionnaire. 87% “strongly agreed/agreed” that
goggles are beneficial and 75% are happy with goggle performance. Common
problems reported by 49.7 and 32.6% of respondents were issues with
fogging-up and getting dirty. 15 (8%) players stopped wearing the
goggles because of fogging-up, limits to peripheral vision and poor
comfort/fit. Injuries were reported in 3% of respondents. In
none of these cases did the player stop wearing the goggles. From the positive
experience of players in the trial, the goggles were adopted into the Laws of
the game on July 1, 2019. As the need to correct vision with spectacles is
common, and contact lenses are not worn by 80%+of spectacle
wearers, the new Rugby goggles will widen participation for those that need to
wear refractive correction, or have an existing/increased risk of
uniocular visual impairment.
Preeclampsia: The Need for a Biological Definition and Diagnosis
Authors: Vidaeff Alex C. , Saade George R. , Sibai Baha M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe centuries-old approach to the prevention of eclampsia and its associated maternal morbidity and mortality is based on the recognition of the presence of premonitory signs and symptoms such as hypertension and proteinuria. The spectrum of preceding signs and symptoms came to be known as preeclampsia, which is debatably considered to be an early stage on a clinical continuum possibly leading to eclampsia. The premonitory signs and symptoms were then construed as diagnostic criteria for the poorly understood syndrome of preeclampsia, and this led to a perpetual debate that remains subject to wide disagreement and periodic updates. In this commentary, we will draw attention to the fact that the criteria for preeclampsia should be viewed from the prism of a screening test rather than as diagnostic of a condition in itself. Focusing research on developing better diagnostic and screening methods for what is clinically important, namely maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality from hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, a long overdue upgrade from what was possible centuries ago, will ultimately lead to better management approaches to what really matters.
Acute Kidney Injury in Neonates with Perinatal Asphyxia Receiving Therapeutic Hypothermia
Authors: Bozkurt Ozlem , Yucesoy Ebru 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjective To assess the incidence and severity of acute kidney injury (AKI) and evaluate risk factors that predict AKI in asphyxiated infants receiving therapeutic hypothermia.Study Design Infants ≥36 weeks' gestation diagnosed with moderate-to-severe perinatal asphyxia and received therapeutic hypothermia were reviewed retrospectively (n = 166). Modified Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria were used to diagnose AKI. The results of infants with AKI were compared with the infants who did not develop AKI.Results AKI developed in 49 (29.5%) infants, of whom 22 had stage I, 13 had stage II, and 14 had stage III AKI. The overall mortality rate was 15.7% and was significantly higher in infants with AKI when compared with infants without AKI (41 vs. 5%; p < 0.001). Asystole at birth (p = 0.044), placental abruption (p = 0.041), outborn status (p = 0.041), need for vasopressor support (p = 0.031), increased bleeding tendency (p = 0.031), initial lactate level (p = 0.015), and 12-hour lactate level (p = 0.029) were independent risk factors for the development of AKI. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated a good predictive value for initial lactate level (>15 mmol/L), with 69% sensitivity (95% CI: 55–82) and 82% specificity (95% CI: 74–89), and for 12-hour lactate level (>6 mmol/L), with 83.7% sensitivity (95% CI: 70–93) and 73.5% specificity (95% CI: 64.5–81), to predict AKI.Conclusion AKI is still a common complication of perinatal asphyxia despite treatment with therapeutic hypothermia. Identification of risk factors associated with the development of AKI in asphyxiated infants would be potentially beneficial to reduce morbidity and mortality. Besides perinatal risk factors, initial and 12-hour lactate concentrations can be used for the early prediction of AKI.
Is Vascularized Composite Allograft Transplantation Experimental or an Accepted Surgical Procedure: Results from a National Survey
Authors: Colakoglu Salih , Tebockhorst Seth , Mathes David Woodbridge 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background More than 85 patients have received over 100 hand/arm transplants and more than 35 patients have received full or partial face transplants at institutions around the world. Given over two decades of experience in the field and in the light of successful outcomes with up to 17 years follow up time, should we still consider vascularized composite allograft (VCA) as a research/clinical investigation? We present the results of a nationwide electronic survey whose intent was to gather institutional bias with regard to this question.
Methods An 11 question survey that was developed by VCA advisory committee of American Society of Transplantation was sent to all identified Internal Review Board chairs or directors in the United States.
Results We received a total of 54 responses (25.3%) to the survey. The majority (78%) of responses came from either the chairperson, director, or someone who is administratively responsible for an IRB.
Conclusion Though certainly not an exhaustive investigation into each institution's preference, we present a representative sampling. The results of which favor VCA as an accepted clinical procedure given the appropriate setting. Further research is needed to fully ascertain practices at each individual institution.
Anterior Ethmoidal Artery: A Computed Tomography Analysis and New Classifications
Authors: El-Anwar Mohammad Waheed , Khazbak Alaa Omar , Eldib Diaa Bakry , Algazzar Hesham Youssef 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective to determine the anterior ethmoidal artery (AEA) anatomy and variations by computed tomography (CT) in adult and their relations to and presents new AEA classifications.
Methods One hundred and fifty paranasal CT scans (300 sides) were included. Axial images were acquired with multiplanar reformates to obtain delicate details in coronal and sagittal planes.
Results One hundred and forty-four AEAs canal (48%), 293 AEAs foramen (97.7%), and 229 AEAs sulcus could be detected (76.3%). The mean AEA intranasal length was 6.7 ± 1.27 mm (range: 4.24–10.6 mm). The mean angle between AEA and lamina papyracea was 105.49 ± 9.28 degrees (range: 76.41–129.76 degrees). Of them, 95.8% AEAs had an angle with lamina >90 degrees, while 4.2% had angle <90 degrees. The mean angle between AEA and lateral lamella of cribriform plate was 103.95 ± 13.08 degrees (range: 65.57–141.36 degrees). Of them, 87.5% AEAs had an angle >90 degrees and 12.5% had an angle <90 degrees. The mean distance between AEA and skull base was 1.37 ± 1.98 mm (range: 0–8.35 mm). The AEA types in relation to skull base was type 1 (0–2 mm from skull base; 64.6%), type 2 (2–4 mm; 22.2%), type 3 (4–6 mm; 11.1%), and type 4 (>6 mm; 2.1%). The mean distance between the AEA and frontal sinus ostium was 9.17 ± 4.72 mm (range: 0–25.36 mm). AEA classification according to distance from AEA to frontal sinus ostium was 17.4% type 1 (<5 mm), 41.7% type 2 (5–10 mm), 31.9% type 3 (10–15 mm), and 9% type 4 (>15 mm).
Conclusion Provided AEA details improve surgeons' awareness of AEA variations in the endoscopic field and can help residents in training.
Do Maternal Micronutrient Deficiencies Program the Body Composition and Behavior of the Offspring? Probable Underlying Mechanisms
Authors: Kalle Anand Kumar , Ghosh Shampa , Thomas Anju Elizabeth , Manchala Raghunath 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObesity and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) like diabetes are epidemic in India. Developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis, based on epidemiological evidence, associates maternal undernutrition and low birth weight (LBW) of the offspring with increased obesity and diabetes in their later life. Considering widespread maternal micronutrient (MN) deficiencies, LBW, and NCDs in India, we tested the hypothesis, “maternal MN deficiency per se programs the offspring for obesity and increases risk for NCDs in their later life” in rodent models. We showed in Wistar rat offspring that maternal MN (single or combined) deficiency per se: (1) increased body fat (visceral fat) and altered lipid metabolism, (2) decreased lean body and fat free mass, and (3) altered muscle function and altered glucose tolerance/metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Rehabilitation prevented vitamin but not mineral restriction-induced changes in offspring, which showed partial mitigation. Increased oxidative/steroid stress, decreased antioxidant status, and inflammatory state were the associated common mechanisms in the offspring. Our attempts to assess the role of epigenetics showed that folate and/or vitamin B12 deficiencies altered mother’s body composition besides that of the offspring. Additionally, in C57BL/6 mice, B12 deficiency-induced anxiety was observed in mothers and offspring. That expressions of histone modifying enzymes in mice brain and promoter methylation of adiponectin, leptin, and 11βHSD1 genes in rat offspring were altered in MN (B12 and Mg) deficiency suggested that altered epigenetics most likely plays a role in maternal MN deficiency-induced changes in body fat/lipid metabolism and anxiety-like behavior in mothers and offspring.
Is Video Laryngoscopy the Optimal Tool for Successful Intubation in a Neonatal Simulation Setting? A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Musharaf Iram , Daspal Sibasis , Shatzer John 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Endotracheal intubation is a skill required for resuscitation. Due to various reasons, intubation opportunities are decreasing for health care providers.
Objective To compare the success rate of video laryngoscopy (VL) and direct laryngoscopy (DL) for interprofessional neonatal intubation skills in a simulated setting.
Methods This was a prospective nonrandomized simulation crossover trial. Twenty-six participants were divided into three groups based on their frequency of intubation. Group 1 included pediatric residents; group 2 respiratory therapists and transport nurses; and group 3 neonatal nurse practitioners and physicians working in neonatology. We compared intubation success rate, intubation time, and laryngoscope preference.
Results Success rates were 100% for both DL and VL in groups 1 and 2, and 88.9% for DL and 100% for VL in group 3. Median intubation times for DL and VL were 22 seconds (interquartile range [IQR] 14.3–22.8 seconds) and 12.5 seconds (IQR 10.3–38.8 seconds) in group 1 (p = 0.779); 17 seconds (IQR 8–21 seconds) and 12 seconds (IQR 9–16.5 seconds) in group 2 (p = 0.476); and 11 seconds (IQR 7.5–15.5 seconds) and 15 seconds (IQR 11.5–36 seconds) in group 3 (p = 0.024).
Conclusion We conclude that novice providers tend to perform better with VL, while more experienced providers perform better with DL. In this era of decreased clinical training opportunities, VL may serve as a useful tool to teach residents and other novice health care providers.
Gorlin–Goltz Syndrome with Multidisciplinary Approach of Treatment
Authors: Sadaksharam Jayachandran , Annapoorni Amutha Velappan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGorlin–Goltz syndrome, is an uncommon genetic condition characterized by the presence of multiple odontogenic keratocysts of jaws along with several other abnormal, cutaneous, ophthalmic, and osseous displays. This syndrome is also acknowledged by various names, such as nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, jaw cyst, and bifid rib syndrome. This article illustrates about the clinical, radiological, and histological diagnostic findings and the multidisciplinary approach of treatment given to one such rare case of Gorlin–Goltz syndrome.
Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence Syndrome
Authors: Steenerson Kristen K. , Crane Benjamin T. , Minor Lloyd B. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSuperior canal dehiscence syndrome (SCDS) is a vestibular disorder caused by a pathologic third window into the labyrinth that can present with autophony, sound- or pressure-induced vertigo, and chronic disequilibrium among other vestibulocochlear symptoms. Careful history taking and examination in conjunction with appropriate diagnostic testing can accurately diagnose the syndrome. Key examination techniques include fixation-suppressed ocular motor examination investigating for sound- or pressure-induced eye movements in the plane of the semicircular canal. Audiometry, vestibular evoked myogenic potentials, and computed tomography confirm the diagnosis. Corrective surgical techniques can be curative, but many patients find their symptoms are not severe enough to undergo surgery. Although a primarily peripheral vestibular disorder, as first-line consultants for most dizziness complaints, neurologists will serve their patients well by understanding SCDS and its role in the differential diagnosis of vestibular disorders.
Does Universal Coverage Mitigate Racial Disparities in Potentially Avoidable Maternal Complications?
Authors: Ranjit Anju , Andriotti Tomas , Madsen Cathaleen , Koehlmoos Tracey , Staat Barton , Witkop Catherine , Little Sarah E. , Robinson Julian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective Potentially avoidable maternity complications (PAMCs) have been validated as an indicator of access to quality prenatal care. African-American mothers have exhibited a higher incidence of PAMCs, which has been attributed to unequal health coverage. The objective of this study was to assess if racial disparities in the incidence of PAMCs exist in a universally insured population.
Study Design PAMCs in each racial group were compared relative to White mothers using multivariate logistic regression. Stratified subanalyses assessed for adjusted differences in the odds of PAMCs for each racial group within direct versus purchased care.
Results A total of 675,553 deliveries were included. Among them, 428,320 (63%) mothers were White, 112,170 (17%) African-American, 37,151 (6%) Asian/Pacific Islanders, and 97,912 (15%) others. African-American women (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02–1.08) were more likely to have PAMCs compared with White women, and Asian women (aOR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.89–0.95) were significantly less likely to have PAMCs compared with White women. On stratified analysis according to the system of care, equal odds of PAMCs among African-American women compared with White women were realized within direct care (aOR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.00–1.07), whereas slightly higher odds among African-American persisted in purchased (aOR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01–1.10).
Conclusion Higher occurrence of PAMCs among minority women sponsored by a universal health coverage was mitigated compared with White women. Protocol-based care as in the direct care system may help overcome health disparities.
How patchiness controls the properties of chain-like assemblies of colloidal platelets
Authors: Karner Carina , Dellago Christoph , Bianchi Emanuela 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Patchy colloidal platelets with non-spherical shapes have been realized with different materials at length scales ranging from nanometers to microns. While the assembly of these hard shapes tends to maximize edge-to-edge contacts, as soon as a directional attraction is added—by means of, e.g. specific ligands along the particle edges—a competition between shape and bonding anisotropy sets in, giving rise to a complex assembly scenario. Here we focus on a two-dimensional system of patchy rhombi, i.e. colloidal platelets with a regular rhombic shape decorated with bonding sites along their perimeter. Specifically, we consider rhombi with two patches, placed on either opposite or adjacent edges. While for the first particle class only chains can form, for the latter we observe the emergence of either chains or loops, depending on the system parameters. According to the patch positioning—classified in terms of different configurations, topologies and distances from the edge center—we are able to characterize the emerging chain-like assemblies in terms of length, packing abilities, flexibility properties and nematic ordering.