bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Plug-and-Train Robot (PLUTO) for Hand Rehabilitation: Design and Preliminary Evaluation
Authors: Nehrujee Aravind , Andrew Hallel , Patricia Ann , ReethaJannetSurekha  , Selvaraj SamuelKamaleshKumar , Prakash Henry , Sujatha S. , Balasubramanian Sivakumar 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Hand neurorehabilitation involves the training of movements at various joints of the forearm, wrist, fingers, and thumb. Assisted training of all these joints either requires either one complex multiple degree-of-freedom (DOF) robot or a set of simple robots with one or two DOF. Both of these are not economically or clinically viable solutions. The paper presents work that addresses this problem with a single DOF robot that can train multiple joints one at a time – the plug and train robot (PLUTO). PLUTO has a single actuator with a set of passive attachments/mechanisms that can be easily attached/detached to train for wrist flexion-extension, wrist ulnar-radial deviation, forearm pronation-supination, and gross hand opening-closings. The robot can provide training in active and assisted regimes. PLUTO is linked to performance adaptive computer games to provide feedback to the patients and motivate them during training. As the first step toward clinical validation, the device's usability was evaluated in 45 potential stakeholders/end-users of the device, including 15 patients, 15 caregivers, and 15 clinicians with standardized questionnaires: System Usability Scale (SUS) and User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ). Patients and caregivers were administered the questionnaire after a two-session training. Clinicians, on the other hand, had a single session demo after which feedback was obtained. The total SUS score obtained from the patients, clinicians, and healthy subjects was 73.3 ± 14.6 (n = 45), indicating good usability. The UEQ score was rated positively in all subscales by both the patients and clinicians, indicating that the features of PLUTO match their expectations. The positive response from the preliminary testing and the feedback from the stakeholders indicates that with additional passive mechanisms, assessment features, and optimized ergonomics, PLUTO will be a versatile, affordable, and useful system for routine use in clinics and also patients’ homes for delivering minimally supervised hand therapy.
Views of University Students in Jordan towards Biobanking
Authors: Khatib Faisal , Jibrin Dayana , Al-Majali Joud , Elhussieni Mira , Almasaid Sharifeh , Ahram Mamoun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundBiobanks are considered a primary mean of supporting contemporary research, in order to deliver personalized and precise diagnostics with public acceptance and participation as a corner stone for their success.AimsThis study aims to assess knowledge, perception, and attitudes towards biomedical research and biobanking among students at the University of Jordan.MethodologyAn online questionnaire was designed, developed, and piloted. It was divided into 5 sections that included questions related to issues of biomedical research and biobanking as well as factors influencing decision to participate.ResultsResponses from 435 students revealed that 52.9% previously heard of biobanks. There was overwhelming acceptance for participation in biomedical, genetic, and biobanking research. A blood sample was the most preferred for donation. Protection of privacy, a consent prior to donation, approval of an ethics committee, and trust towards researchers were the most important factors associated with willingness to participate. On the other hand, vagueness of the type of research performed on samples and not receiving research results had a negative connotation. There was no clear agreement on the type of consent preferred by students, but to be contacted and informed of research results was preferred by the majority. Students also preferred disposal of samples and information when deciding to withdraw from participation.ConclusionThere is strong enthusiasm among students to participate in biomedical research and biobanking with all rights reserved thus providing hope for a very promising future in Jordan.
Trust and Professionalism in Science: Medical Codes as a Model for Scientific Negligence?
Authors: Desmond Hugh , Dierickx Kris 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Professional communities such as the medical community are acutely concerned with negligence: the category of misconduct where a professional does not live up to the standards expected of a professional of similar qualifications. Since science is currently strengthening its structures of self-regulation in parallel to the professions, this raises the question to what extent the scientific community is concerned with negligence, and if not, whether it should be. By means of comparative analysis of medical and scientific codes of conduct, we aim to highlight the role (or lack thereof) of negligence provisions in codes of conduct for scientists, and to discuss the normative consequences for future codes of conduct.Methods: We collected scientific and medical codes of conduct in a selection of OECD countries, and submitted each code of conduct to comparative textual analysis.Results: Negligence is invariably listed as an infraction of the norms of integrity in medical codes of conduct, but only rarely so in the scientific codes. When the latter list negligence, they typically do not provide any detail on the meaning of ‘negligence’.Discussion: Unlike codes of conduct for professionals, current codes of conduct for scientists are largely silent on the issue of negligence, or explicitly exclude negligence as a type of misconduct. In the few cases where negligence is stipulated to constitute misconduct, no responsibilities are identified that would help prevent negligence. While we caution against unreasonable negligence provisions as well as disproportional sanctioning systems, we do argue that negligence provisions are crucial for justified trust in the scientific community, and hence that there is a very strong rationale for including negligence provisions in codes of conduct.
The Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Based Chatbot for Promoting Physical Activity and Healthy Diet: Protocol for a Systematic Review
Authors: Oh Yoo Jung , Zhang Jingwen , Fang Min-Lin , Fukuoka Yoshimi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundWith the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in recent years, the rapidly expanding fields of AI-supported chatbot lifestyle interventions have offered new solutions to the global epidemic of physical inactivity and obesity. However, to the best of our knowledge no systematic review of chatbot-based lifestyle change intervention exists. The goals of this systematic review are to summarize the characteristics of chatbot interventions and to synthesize and evaluate uses of chatbots to improve physical activity, dietary, and weight management behaviors and to identify knowledge gaps and directions for future studies.MethodsIn collaboration with a medical librarian, six electronic bibliographic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, ACM Digital Library, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and IEEE) will be searched to identify all relevant studies. Main outcomes include changes in self-report and/or objectively measured physical activity, sedentary behavior, diet, and body weight. Additional outcomes include feasibility, acceptability, safety, and user satisfactions of chatbots. Two reviewers will independently screen the title and abstract, conduct a full-text screening to select the qualified studies, extract data from the included studies, and assess the risk of bias using Covidence software. Lastly, we will conduct a qualitative synthesis of the findings. However, if several randomized controlled trials that report similar outcome measurements are identified., quantitative synthesis will be provided.DiscussionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review to synthesize and evaluate the existing research that assess the impact of AI chatbots on changing physical activity, dietary, and weight management behaviors. We anticipate our findings to advance knowledge by identifying the key characteristics of effective AI chatbot interventions and by highlighting knowledge gaps and limitations in the literature.Systematic review registrationInternational Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO): CRD42020216761.
Risk factors leading to glaucoma surgery of glaucoma patient using Japanese nationwide administrative claims data: A retrospective non-interventional cohort study
Authors: Shirai Chikako , Tsuda Satoru , Tarasawa Kunio , Fushimi Kiyohide , Fujimori Kenji , Nakazawa Toru 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Early recognition and management of baseline risk factors may play an important role in reducing glaucoma surgery burdens. However, no studies have investigated them using real-world data in Japan or other countries. This study aimed to clarify the risk factors leading to glaucoma surgery of glaucoma patient using the Japanese nationwide administrative claims data associated with the diagnosis procedure combination (DPC) system.
Methods
It was a retrospective, non-interventional cohort study. Data were collected from patients who were admitted to DPC participating hospitals, nationwide acute care hospitals and diagnosed with glaucoma between 2012 to 2018. The primary outcome was the risk factors associated with glaucoma surgery. The association between baseline characteristics and glaucoma surgery was identified using multivariable logistic regression analysis by comparing patients with and without glaucoma surgery. Meanwhile, the secondary outcomes included the rate of comorbidities, the rate of concomitant drug use and the treatment patterns of glaucoma eye drops at the index admission. Among patients with glaucoma surgery, the risk factors leading to cataract surgery were also evaluated as subgroup analysis.
Results
A total of 29,599 patients included in the analysis, 12,038 and 17,561 patients were in the glaucoma surgery and non-glaucoma surgery cohorts, respectively. The factors associated with the increase in glaucoma surgery were having allergies, taking concomitant drugs including cancer, depression, ischemic heart disease and peptic ulcer, being diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma and longer length of stay in hospital. In contrast, the factors associated with the decrease in glaucoma surgery were having hypertension, taking hypertension drug, age ≥ 80 and female.
Conclusions
Special focus on Japanese patients with glaucoma who have allergy-related comorbidities or take immune, nervous, circulatory or gastrointestinal system-related concomitant drugs seems to be desirable.
Genome-wide Characterization and Expression Analysis of YABBY&nbsp;Gene Family in Three Cultivars of Cucurbita Linn. And Their Response of Salt Stress in Cucurbita Moschata
Authors: Yuan Jingping , Shen Changwei , Xin Jingjing , Li Zhenxia , Li Xinzheng , Zhou Junguo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundPlant specific YABBY transcription factors have important biological roles in plant growth and abiotic stress. However, the identification of Cucurbita Linn. YABBY and their response to salt stress have not yet been reported. The gene number, gene distribution on chromosome, gene structure, protein conserved structure, protein motif and the cis-acting element of YABBY in three cultivars of Cucurbita Linn. were analyzed by bioinformatics tools, and their tissue expression patterns and expression profile under salt stress were analyzed.ResultsIn this study, 34 YABBY genes (11 CmoYABBYs in Cucurbita moschata, 12 CmaYABBYs in Cucurbita maxima, and 11 CpeYABBYs in Cucurbita pepo) were identified and they were divided into five subfamilies (YAB1/YAB3, YAB2, INO, CRC and YAB5). YABBYs in the same subfamily usually have similar gene structures (intron-exon distribution) and conserved domains. Chromosomal localization analysis showed that these CmoYABBYs, CmaYABBYs, and CpeYABBYs were unevenly distributed in 8, 9, and 9 chromosomes of 21 chromosomes, respectively. Total of 6 duplicated gene pairs, and they all experienced segmental duplication events. Cis-acting element analysis showed that some Cucurbita Linn. YABBYs were associated with at least one of plant hormone response, plant growth, and abiotic stress response. Transcriptional profiles of CmoYABBYs and CmaYABBYs in roots, stems, leaves, and fruits, and CpeYABBYs in seed and fruit mesocarp showed that YABBYs of Cucurbita Linn. had tissue specificity. Finally, the transcriptional profile of 11 CmoYABBYs in leaf and qRT-PCR analysis of CmoYABBYs in root under salt stress indicated that some genes may play an important role in salt stress.ConclusionsGenome-wide identification and expression analysis of YABBYs revealed the characteristics of YABBY gene family in three cultivars of Cucurbita Linn.. Transcriptome and qRT-PCR analysis revealed the response of the CmoYABBYs to salt stress.This provides a theoretical basis for the functional research and utilization of YABBY genes in Cucurbita Linn..
Combıned-Complex Decongestıve Therapy Reduces Volume And Improves Quality Of Lıfe And Functıonal Status In Patıents Wıth Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema
Authors: Borman Pinar , Yaman Aysegul , Yasrebi Sina , Inanli Adeviye Pinar 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of complex decongestive therapy (CDT) in patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL), in regard to volume reduction, functional status and quality of life (QoL).Methods: Fifty patients with unilateral BCRL were included. The demographic variables focusing on lymphedema were recorded. All patients received combined phase 1 CDT including skin-care, manual lymphatic drainage, multilayer bandaging and supervised exercises, five times a week for three weeks, as a total of 15 sessions. Patients were assessed by limb volumes and excess volumes according to geometric approximation derived from serial circumference-measurements of the limb, prior and at the end of third week. The functional disability was evaluated by quick disability of arm, shoulder and hand questionnaire (DASH). Quality of life was assessed by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-C30) and its breast cancer module (EORTC-QLQ-BR23­).Results: Fifty females with mean age of 53.22±11.2 years were included. The median duration of lymphedema was 12 months. There were 22 patients in stage1, 26 in stage2 and 2 patients in stage3. The mean baseline limb and excess volumes were significantly decreased at the end of therapies (3262±753cm³ vs 2943±646.6cm³ and 31.36±16.5% vs 19.12±10.4%, p=0.000,respectively). The DASH and EORTC-QLQ-C30 and BR23 scores were also decreased significantly (p<0.05). The improvements in volumes were related negatively with the duration of lymphedema,and the stage of lymphedema. Conclusion: In conclusion phase 1CDT in a combined manner performed daily for 3 weeks, greatly reduces the volumes as well as improves the disability and QoL, especially when performed earlier.Trial Registration: 'retrospectively registered’
The role of Nrf2 in acute and chronic muscle injury
Authors: Bronisz-Budzyńska Iwona , Kozakowska Magdalena , Podkalicka Paulina , Kachamakova-Trojanowska Neli , Łoboda Agnieszka , Dulak Józef 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is considered as a master cytoprotective factor regulating the expression of genes encoding anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and detoxifying proteins. The role of Nrf2 in the pathophysiology of skeletal muscles has been evaluated in different experimental models, however, due to inconsistent data, we aimed to investigate how Nrf2 transcriptional deficiency (Nrf2tKO) affects muscle functions both in an acute and chronic injury. The acute muscle damage was induced in mice of two genotypes – WT and Nrf2tKO mice by cardiotoxin (CTX) injection. To investigate the role of Nrf2 in chronic muscle pathology, mdx mice that share genetic, biochemical, and histopathological features with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) were crossed with mice lacking transcriptionally active Nrf2 and double knockouts (mdx/Nrf2tKO) were generated. To worsen the dystrophic phenotype, the analysis of disease pathology was also performed in aggravated conditions, by applying a long-term treadmill test.We have observed slightly increased muscle damage in Nrf2tKO mice after CTX injection. Nevertheless, transcriptional ablation of Nrf2 in mdx mice did not significantly aggravate the most deleterious, pathological hallmarks of DMD related to degeneration, inflammation, fibrotic scar formation, angiogenesis, and the number and proliferation of satellite cells in non-exercised conditions. On the other hand, upon chronic exercises, the degeneration and inflammatory infiltration of the gastrocnemius muscle, but not diaphragm, turned to be increased in Nrf2tKOmdx in comparison to mdx mice. In conclusion, the lack of transcriptionally active Nrf2 influences moderately muscle pathology in acute CTX-induced muscle injury and chronic DMD mouse model, without affecting muscle functionality. Hence, in general, we demonstrated that the deficiency of Nrf2 transcriptional activity has no profound impact on muscle pathology in various models of muscle injury.
Current Status of Scientific Research Accomplishments of Senior Eight-year-program Medical Students in China: A Multicenter Cross-sectional Questionnaire-based Study
Authors: Wan Mengyao , Liu Shuang , Zhu Jiawei , Xiao Sulong , Yuan Lei , Lei Xiaokang , Lei Hao , Shi Xiaomeng , You Wen , Ruan Gechong , Qian Jiaming , Li Ji 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Backgrounds: Among the distinct medical education systems in China, the eight-year program is an elite program dedicated to cultivating physician scientists. Although the research ability of senior students in eight-year medical programs is a pivotal quality, it remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the current status and challenges of students’ research experience, abilities and outputs.Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in five medical schools in northern China. Electronic questionnaires were sent to 235 randomly chosen fifth-grade or sixth-grade 8-year-program medical students. A total of 211 responses were collected and analyzed using SPSS 22.0.Results: Only 13.3% of participants chose research as their future career goal. Students generally felt that conducting research was stressful and difficult. The greatest obstacle was a lack of time due to heavy workloads. The two major motivations for research were graduation and future employment (75.8%) and research interest (24.2%). More than half of the students (142, 67.3%) had research experience by the time of the survey, among whom 84 students already had research outputs. A higher proportion of students with outputs was motivated by the requirements for graduation or employment compared to students without outputs (71.4% vs. 55.2%, P = 0.046).Conclusions: Senior 8-year-program medical students in China generally had high pressure to conduct research and devoted their efforts to overcome these challenges. More guidance and novel encouragement to enhance students’ initiative and interest in research could be provided by medical schools and educators in the future.
Triple null mutations in starch synthase SSIIa gene homoeologs lead to high amylose and resistant starch in hexaploid wheat
Authors: Schoen Adam , Joshi Anupama , Tiwari Vijay K , Gill Bikram S. , Rawat Nidhi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Lack of nutritionally appropriate foods is one of the leading causes of obesity in the US and worldwide. Wheat (Triticum aestivum) provides 20% of the calories consumed daily across the globe. The nutrients in the wheat grain come primarily from the starch composed of amylose and amylopectin. Resistant starch content, which is known to have significant human health benefits, can be increased by modifying starch synthesis pathways. Starch synthase enzyme SSIIa, also known as starch granule protein isoform-1 (SGP-1), is integral to the biosynthesis of the branched and readily digestible glucose polymer amylopectin. The goal of this work was to develop a triple null mutant genotype for SSIIa locus in the elite hard red winter wheat variety ‘Jagger’ and evaluate the effect of the knock-out mutations on resistant starch content in grains with respect to wild type. Results: Knock-out mutations in SSIIa in the three genomes of wheat variety ‘Jagger’ were identified using TILLING. Subsequently, these loss-of function mutations on A, B, and D genomes were combined by crossing to generate a triple knockout mutant genotype Jag-ssiia-∆ABD. The Jag-ssiia-∆ABD had an amylose content of 35.70% compared to 31.15% in Jagger, leading to ~118% increase in resistant starch in the Jag-ssiia-∆ABD genotype of Jagger wheat. The single individual genome mutations also had various effects on starch composition. Conclusions: Our full null Jag-ssiia-∆ABD mutant showed a significant increase in RS without the shriveled grain phenotype seen in other ssiia knockouts in elite wheat cultivars. Moreover, this study shows the potential for developing nutritionally improved foods in a non-GM approach. Since all the mutants have been developed in an elite wheat cultivar, their adoption in production and supply will be feasible in future.
Persistently higher serum sCD40L levels are associated with outcome in septic patients
Authors: Liang Yingjian , Zhu Chengrui , Sun Yini , Li Zhiliang , Wang Liang , Liu Yina , Li Xin , Ma Xiaochun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) exhibits proinflammatory and procoagulant effects. Recent data indicated that sCD40L plays a significant role in septic patients. The aim of the present study was to determine sCD40L changes in surgical patients without sepsis (SWS) and in surgical sepsis patients (SS) during the first three days at intensive care unit (ICU) admission and to observe the association between sCD40L and mortality.Methods: Time changes in sCD40L levels were assessed for 3 days after ICU admission in 49 patients with SS and compared with 19 SWS patients. Serum sCD40L concentration was detected by ELISA. Survival at 28 days was used as the endpoint.Results: SS had significantly higher sCD40L levels than SWS and control patients. We observed an association between sCD40L levels ≥1028.75 pg/ml at day 2 and 28-day mortality (odds ratio = 7.888; 95% confidence interval = 1.758 to 35.395; P= 0.007). We could not discover any significant differences in gender, presence of septic shock, site of infection, length of stay in the ICU, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, incidence of AKI, ARDS, or type of surgery between nonsurvivors and survivors.Conclusions: Septic patients show persistently higher circulating sCD40L levels in the first three days at ICU admission, and the serum sCD40L levels are associated with the mortality of patients with sepsis; thus, serum sCD40L may be used as a reliable biomarker and therapeutic target in sepsis.