bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘An exploration of stakeholder involvement in decision-making: a qualitative study of commissioning for alcohol services’
Authors: Alderson hayley , Kaner Eileen , Hunter David , O'Donnell Amy , Bate Angela 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The concept of providing individuals with a ‘voice’ via stakeholder involvement has been advocated within English health care policy for several decades. Stakeholder involvement encourages people affected by an issue to contribute to planning and decision making regarding treatment and care, inclusive of providers and recipients of care. This paper explores stakeholder involvement within the commissioning of public health alcohol services and illustrates whether stakeholders perceived that meaningful involvement had taken place. Methods: We conducted a qualitative case study, inclusive of in-depth interviews with 10 Alcohol commissioners, 11 alcohol service providers and 6 general practitioners plus three facilitated focus groups with 31 alcohol service users. All interviews and focus groups were audio-recorded and data were transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis drawing on Arnstein’s theory was used to discuss key issues related to participants involvement which are illuminated using direct quotes. Results: Overall findings suggest that most participants were aware of and could name various methods of stakeholder involvement, methods varied from formal strategically imposed mechanisms to innovative opportunities. We found that strategic mechanisms of involvement focused on collating data to help construct a national picture regarding service delivery. Using Arnstein’s ladder to illustrate the extent of stakeholder involvement, the majority of the participants perceived involvement to occur at the level of informing or consultation implying a level of tokenism. In addition, the impact of stakeholder involvement is not systematically monitored making it hard to identify the impact that involvement methods have had. Conclusion: This paper has shown a lack of consistency regarding the opportunities within the commissioning process for stakeholder involvement to influence service design and delivery. It is essential within public health that a deeper understanding is generated of who stakeholders are within this complex and fluid environment and to develop a clearer understanding of the different roles that stakeholders can play within the entire commissioning process in order to maximise its utility. Future commissioning guidance also needs to reflect more dimensionality than ladders of involvement currently afford.
Effect of Story-Based Audio Visual Mnemonics in Comparison with Text Reading Method on Memory Consolidation among Medical Students: A randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Abdalla Mona Mohamed Ibrahim , Azzani Meram , Rajendren Reanugah , Hong Tan Kim , Balachandran Yamunah A/P , Hassan Toffahah Ruwa Fayyad Mohd , Wei Tan Yi , Yahaya Ummu Kulthum Binti , En Lau Jing , Ajaykumar Sridhar , Moore Rebecca Anak Roger , Haja Mohammed Hanifa Salman 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Traditional teaching methods via faculty lectures lacked interactivity, as seen with text-based materials. Hence, this research aimed to compare the effectiveness of story-based audio-visual mnemonics and conventional text reading methods on medical students’ memory consolidation. Methods: A single-center, systematic random sampling, single-blinded, controlled study was conducted among 80 medical students in year one. The students were randomly assigned to the text-based (control) or story-based audio-visual mnemonics (intervention). Then, a test was held immediately, consisting of ten multiple-choice questions and ten oral recall keywords based on the topic given. The test was repeated in one week, two weeks, and four weeks later. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were utilized. The mean score difference between the audiovisual mnemonic and control groups was determined using a two-tailed unpaired t-test. Results: This study found that participants who underwent a story-based audiovisual mnemonics method had statistically significant higher marks in the single-response answer questions compared to participants who undergone a text reading method. The audiovisual group also spent a statistically significant shorter time to recall in the oral recall test in comparison to the control group. In conclusion, story-based audio-visual mnemonics are more effective in medical student’s memory retention compared to the conventional text reading method.
Effects of reflection and immediate feedback to improve clinical reasoning of medical students in the assessment of dermatologic conditions: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Choi Sungjun , Oh Sohee , Lee Dong-Hun , Yoon Hyun-Sun 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: There are few studies that directly compared different interventions to improve medical students’ clinical reasoning for dermatologic conditions. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of adding practice with reflection and immediate feedback on traditional dermatology electives in improving medical students' ability in evaluating skin lesions.METHODS: The participants were fourth-year medical students of Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea, who were enrolled to take a 2-week dermatology elective course (n=87). Students were assigned to one of the three educational interventions: 2-hour training involving 10 written clinical cases (experimental); 1-hour lecture and 1-hour outpatient clinic (lecture); and 2-hour outpatient clinic (no intervention). Before and at the end of rotation, diagnostic accuracy was estimated using 20 written clinical cases with photographs (10 novel cases presented in diagnostic training [training set], 10 cases with diagnoses not included in training [control set]).RESULTS: There was a significant interaction effect of intervention×set×time. A post hoc analysis indicated that the students in the experimental group outperformed students in the other two groups only in the training set of the final tests; after completing the 2-week rotation, for the training set, the mean score was higher in the experimental group (7.5±1.3) than in the lecture (5.7±1.6) and no intervention (5.6±1.3) groups, producing an effect size of 1.2 standard deviation (SD) and 1.5 SD, respectively. CONCLUSION: Practicing written clinical cases with reflection and feedback is superior to a lecture-based approach and yields additional benefits to a dermatology elective, thereby enhancing medical students’ ability to accurately diagnose skin lesions.
Serum levels of D-dimer and fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products correlate with BP severity
Authors: Lu Mei , Wang Xiuying , Xiao Tong , Wang Sijia , Fang Min , Cheng Chuantao , Xia Yumin , Liu Yale 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common blistering dermatosis with increasing mortality. Currently, the severity of BP can be assessed by the detection of anti-BP180 immunoglobulin G (IgG) titer, but it is absent in many grassroots clinics. BP patients are usually in a hypercoagulable state, and the levels of D-dimer and fibrin degradation products (FDPs) are elevated. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the use of D-dimer and FDPs in the assessment of BP severity. Methods This study included 33 BP and 33 Herpes zoster (HZ) patients, with the HZ patients serving as a control. The levels of plasma D-dimer and FDPs as along with eosinophil counts were recorded during a routine screening examination. Anti-BP180 IgG titer was tested by ELISA. BP lesion area was evaluated on admission. Correlational analyses were carried out between these indexes. Results The plasma D-dimer and FDP levels were higher in BP patients than in HZ patients. A significant positive correlation was found between the lesion area and both D-dimer and FDP levels in BP patients. There was also a positive association between anti-BP180 IgG and D-dimer, and between anti-BP180 IgG and FDP. Conclusions Plasma D-dimer and FDP may be convenient markers to evaluate the severity of BP.
Pulmonary function of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus induced pneumonia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lv Dongqing , Chen Xi , Mao Linghong , Sun Jiao , Wu Guixian , Lin Zhi , Lin Ronghai , Yu Jiansong , Wu Xiaomai , Jiang Yongpo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Pulmonary fibrosis is a common complication in patients with viral pneumonia, which causes restricted ventilation disorders and affects the prognosis of patients. However, the pulmonary function of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19)-induced pneumonia has not yet been reported.Methods: A retrospective analysis of 137 patients with COVID-19-induced pneumonia who were discharged from the Enze Hospital, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), from January 31, 2020, to March 11, 2020. Follow-up occurred two weeks after hospital discharge, whereupon patients received a pulmonary function test. Results: Of the 137 patients who received a pulmonary function test two weeks after discharge, 51.8% were male, and the mean age was 47 years. Only 19.7% of the patients were identified as having severe novel coronavirus pneumonia. The pulmonary function test showed that for a small number of patients ((FEV1/FVC)/% <70%,) the mean ICV and FVC was 2.4±0.7 L, 3.2±0.8 L, respectively. In severe cases, 88.9% of patients had an IVC <80% of the predicted value and 55.6% of patients had an FVC <80% of the predicted value. The MEF25, MEF50, and MEF75 <70% values were 55.6%, 40.7%, and 25.9%, respectively. In the non-severe group, 79.1% of patients has an IVC <80% of the predicted value, and 16.4% of patients had an FVC <80% of the predicted value. The mean MEF25, MEF50, and MEF75 <70% values were 57.3%, 30%, and 13.6%, respectively.Conclusions: In this study, the results suggest that the pulmonary function of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19)-induced pneumonia manifested as restrictive ventilation disorder and small airway obstruction. The incidence was increased among critically ill patients.Trial registration number: ChiCTR2000029866.
Acceptance of illness, quality of life and nutritional status of patients after lower limb amputation due to diabetes mellitus
Authors: Szymanska-Chabowska Anna , Łabuń Adrianna , Tański Wojciech , Zielińska Dorota , Juzwiszyn Jan , Chabowski Mariusz 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction. Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases with a high number of sufferers worldwide. Diabetic neuropathy and diabetic angiopathy lead to serious infectious complications which are very difficult to combat and may finally lead to the amputation of a lower limb. The aim of the study was to evaluate the quality of life, the level of acceptance of the illness and the nutritional status of patients after lower limb amputation due to diabetes. Methods. Ninety nine patients (23 men and 76 women) were enrolled into the study. They had all undergone lower limb amputation due to diabetic foot in the Department of General and Oncological Surgery. The following questionnaires were used: the WHO Quality of Life-BREF, the Mini Nutritional Assessment, the Acceptance of Illness Scale and the socio-demographic questionnaire. Results. The diabetes-related amputees had a higher QoL within the social domain (64.48), an intermediate QoL – within the environmental domain (63.04) and the mental domain (59.61), and a lower QoL – within physical (somatic) domain (54.69). There was no statistical correlation between genders or between all the domains of QoL (p>0.05). The patients were at risk of malnutrition (MNA was 22.66). There were statistical differences between women and men as regards nutritional status (p=0.034). The mean AIS score was 27.65, which means that the respondents accept their disease. There was no statistical correlation between gender and the acceptance of the disease (p=0.288). There was not statistical correlation between age and QoL (p>0.05). There were statistical differences between age and nutritional status (p<0.05), and between age and acceptance of the illness (p=0.044). Conclusions. The better the quality of life was in all the domains, the better the level of acceptance of illness was. The less malnourished the patient was, the better their quality of life was in all the domains.
Automated Systems for Detection of COVID-19 Using Chest X-ray Images and Lightweight Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Alqudah Ali Mohammad , Qazan Shoroq , Alqudah Amin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Since December 2019, the appearance of an outbreak of a novel coronavirus disease namely COVID-19 and which is previously known as 2019-nCoV. COVID-19 is a type of coronavirus that leads to the general destruction of respiratory systems and a severe respiratory symptom which are associated with highly Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admissions and death. Like any disease, the early diagnosis of coronavirus leads to limit its wide-spreading and increases the recovery rates of patients. The gold standard of COVID-19 detection is the real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) which has been used by the clinician to discover the presence or absence of this type of virus. The clinicians report that this technique has a low positive rate in the early stage of this disease. Based on this, the clinicians were forced to use another way to help in the early diagnosis of COVID-2019. So, the clinician's attention moved towards the medical imaging modalities especially the computed Tomography (CT) and X-ray chest images. Both modalities show that there is a change in the lungs in the case of COVID-19 that is different from any other type of pneumonic disease. Therefore, this research targeted toward employing different Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to propose a system for early detection of COVID-19 using chest X-ray images. These images are classified using different AI algorithms and a combination of them, then their performance was evaluated to recognize the best of them. These algorithms include a convolutional neural network (CNN), Softmax, support vector machine (SVM), Random Forest, and K nearest neighbor (KNN). Here CNN is into two scenarios, the first one to classify the X-ray images using a softmax classifier, and the second one to extract automated features from the images and pass these features to other classifiers (SVM, RFF, and KNN). According to the results, the performance of all classifiers is good and most of them record accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and precision of more than 98%.
Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genomes of two sibling species of parasitic roundworms, Haemonchus contortus and Teladorsagia circumcincta.
Authors: Palevich Nikola , Maclean Paul Haydon , Choi Young-Jun , Mitreva Makedonka 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Haemonchus contortus and Teladorsagia circumcincta are among the two most pathogenic internal parasitic nematodes infecting small ruminants, such as sheep and goats, and are a global animal health issue. Accurate identification and delineation of Haemonchidae species is essential for development of diagnostic and control strategies with high resolution for Trichostrongyloidea infection in ruminants. Here, we describe in detail and compare the complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes of the New Zealand H. contortus and T. circumcincta field strains to improve our understanding of species- and strain-level evolution in these closely related roundworms. Methods In the present study, we performed extensive comparative bioinformatics analyses on the recently sequenced complete mt genomes of the New Zealand H. contortus NZ_Hco_NP and T. circumcincta NZ_Teci_NP field strains. Amino acid sequences inferred from individual genes of each of the two mt genomes were compared, concatenated and subjected to phylogenetic analysis using Bayesian inference (BI), Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Maximum Parsimony (MP).Results The AT-rich mt genomes of H. contortus NZ_Hco_NP and T. circumcincta NZ_Teci_NP are 14,001 bp (A+T content of 77.4 %) and 14,081 bp (A+T content of 77.3 %) in size, respectively. All 36 of the typical nematode mt genes are transcribed in the forward direction in both species and comprise of 12 protein-encoding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA (rrn) genes, and 22 transfer RNA (trn) genes. The secondary structures for the 22 trn genes and two rrn genes differ between H. contortus NZ_Hco_NP and T. circumcincta NZ_Teci_NP, however the gene arrangements of both are consistent with other Trichostrongylidea sequenced to date. Conclusions Comparative analyses of the complete mitochondrial nucleotide sequences, PCGs, A+T rich and non-coding repeat regions of H. contortus NZ_Hco_NP and T. circumcincta NZ_Teci_NP further reinforces the high levels of diversity and gene flow observed among Trichostrongylidea, and supports their potential as ideal markers for strain-level identification from different hosts and geographical regions with high resolution for future studies. The complete mt genomes of H. contortus NZ_Hco_NP and T. circumcincta NZ_Teci_NP presented here provide useful novel markers for further studies of the meta-population connectivity and the genetic mechanisms driving evolution in nematode species.
Assessing Preventive Health Behaviors from COVID-19 Based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) among People in Golestan Province: A Cross-Sectional Study in Northern Iran
Authors: Shahnazi Hossein , Ahmadi-Livani Maryam , Pahlavanzadeh Bagher , Rajabi Abdolhalim , Hamrah Mohammad Shoaib , Charkazi Abdurrahman 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 is a new viral disease that has caused a pandemic in the world. Due to the lack of vaccines and definitive treatment, preventive behaviors are the only way to overcome the disease. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the preventive behaviors from the disease based on constructs of the health belief model.Methods: In the present cross-sectional study during March 11 to 16, 2019, 750 individuals in Golestan province of Iran were included in the study using the convenience sampling and they completed the questionnaires through cyberspace. Factor scores were calculated using the confirmatory factor analysis. The effects of different factors were separately investigated using the univariate analyses, including students sample t-test, ANOVA, and simple linear regression. Finally, the effective factors were examined by the multiple regression analysis at a significant level of 0.05 and through Mplus 7 and SPSS 16.Results: The participants' mean age was 33.9±9.45 years; and 57.1% of them had associate and bachelor's degrees. Multiple regression indicated that the mean score of preventive behavior from COVID-19 was higher in women than men, and greater in urban dwellers than rural dwellers. Furthermore, one unit increase in the standard deviation of factor scores of self-efficacy and perceived benefits increased the scores of preventive behavior from COVID-19 by 0.22 and 0.17 units respectively. On the contrary, one unit increase in the standard deviation of factor score of perceived barriers and fatalistic beliefs decreased the scores of the preventive behavior from COVID-19 by 0.36 and 0.19 units respectively.Conclusion: Results of the present study indicated that female gender, perceived barriers, perceived self-efficacy, fatalistic beliefs, perceived interests, and living in city had the greatest preventive behaviors from COVID-19 respectively. Preventive interventions were necessary among men and villagers.
Changes in RT-PCR test results and symptoms during the menstrual cycle of a female individual infected with SARS-CoV-2: a case report
Authors: Zheng Hua , Tan Juan , Ma Ke , Meng Weihua 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The implications of the menstrual cycle for disease susceptibility, development, and severity of acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are largely unknown.Case presentation: We report a 37-year-old woman infected with SARS-CoV-2 who showed a 16-day incubation period. She developed a fever on the first day of her menstrual period, and again on the first day of her next menstrual period after hospital discharge. RT-PCR test results were positive during the first menstrual period before admission, turned negative during hospitalization, and then positive again during the second menstrual period after hospital discharge.Conclusions: This case indicates sex hormones may play an important role in SARS-CoV-2 infection. For women with history of exposure to SARS-CoV-2, the management protocol should include assessment of the menstrual status.
Evaluating the Suitability of Hyper- and Multispectral Imaging to Detect Foliar Symptoms of the Grapevine Trunk Disease Esca in Vineyards
Authors: Bendel Nele , Kicherer Anna , Backhaus Andreas , Klück Hans-Christian , Seiffert Udo , Fischer Michael , Voegele Ralf T. , Töpfer Reinhard 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) such as Esca are among the most devastating threats to viticulture. Due to the lack of efficient preventive and curative treatments, Esca causes severe economic losses worldwide. Since symptoms do not develop consecutively, the true incidence of the disease in a vineyard is difficult to assess. Therefore, an annual monitoring is required. In this context, automatic detection of symptoms could be a great relief for winegrowers. Spectral sensors have proven to be successful in disease detection, allowing a non-destructive, objective, and fast data acquisition. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of the in-field detection of foliar Esca symptoms over three consecutive years using ground-based hyperspectral and airborne multispectral imaging.Results: Hyperspectral disease detection models have been successfully developed using either original field data or manually annotated data. In a next step, these models were applied on plant scale. While the model using annotated data performed better during development, the model using original data showed higher classification accuracies when applied in practical work. Moreover, the transferability of disease detection models to unknown data was tested. Although the visible and near-infrared (VNIR) range showed promising results, the transfer of such models is challenging. Initial results indicate that external symptoms could be detected pre-symptomatically, but this needs further evaluation. Furthermore, an application specific multispectral approach was simulated by identifying the most important wavelengths for the differentiation tasks, which was then compared to real multispectral data. Even though the ground-based multispectral disease detection was successful, airborne detection remains difficult.Conclusions: In this study, different approaches for the detection of foliar Esca symptoms are presented. Both sensor systems seem to be suitable for the in-field detection of the disease, even though airborne data acquisition has to be further optimized. Our disease detection approaches could facilitate monitoring plant phenotypes in a vineyard.