bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological evidence relating environmental smoke to COPD in lifelong non-smokers: a systematic review
Authors: Lee Peter N. , Forey Barbara A. , Coombs Katharine J. , Hamling Jan S. , Thornton Alison J. 
Published: December 2019

Background: Some evidence suggests environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) might cause chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We reviewed available epidemiological data in never smokers. Methods: We identified epidemiological studies providing estimates of relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for various ETS exposure indices. Confounder-adjusted RRs for COPD were extracted, or derived using standard methods. Meta-analyses were conducted for each exposure index, with tests for heterogeneity and publication bias. For the main index (spouse ever smoked or nearest equivalent), analyses investigated variation in RR by location, publication period, study type, sex, diagnosis, study size, confounder adjustment, never smoker definition, and exposure index definition. Results: Twenty-eight relevant studies were identified; nine European or Middle Eastern, nine Asian, eight American and two from multiple countries. Five were prospective, seven case-control and 16 cross-sectional. The COPD definition involved death or hospitalisation in seven studies, GOLD stage 1+ criteria in twelve, and other definitions in nine. For the main index, random-effects meta-analysis of 33 heterogeneous (p<0.001) estimates gave a RR of 1.20 (95%CI 1.08-1.34). Higher estimates for females (1.59,1.16-2.19, n=11) than males (1.29,0.94-1.76, n=7) or sexes combined (1.10,0.99-1.22, n=15 where sex-specific not available), and lower estimates for studies of 150+ cases (1.08,0.97-1.20, n=13) partly explained the heterogeneity. Estimates were higher for Asian studies (1.34,1.08-1.67, n=10), case-control studies (1.55,1.04-2.32, n=8), and COPD mortality or hospitalisation (1.40,1.12-1.74, n=11). Some increase was seen for severer COPD (1.29,1.10-1.52, n=7). Dose-response evidence was heterogeneous. Evidence for childhood (0.88,0.72-1.07, n=2) and workplace (1.12,0.77-1.64, n=4) exposure was limited, but an increase was seen for overall adulthood exposure (1.20,1.03-1.39, n=17). We discuss study weaknesses that may bias estimation of the association of COPD with ETS. Conclusions: Although the evidence suggests ETS increases COPD, study weaknesses and absence of well-designed large studies preclude reliable estimation of the effect. More definitive evidence is required.
Bidirectional tuning of whispering gallery modes in a silica microbubble infiltrated with magnetic fluids
Authors: Liu Yilun , Zhang Hao , Fan Miaosen , Liang Congzhou , Lei Jie 
Published: December 2019

A bidirectional tuning mechanism of whispering gallery modes (WGMs) in a capillary-based microbubble microresonator infiltrated with magnetic fluids (MFs) is investigated. Owing to distinct RI responses of MFs dependent on the applied magnetic field direction with respect to the capillary axis, the RI of MFs shows different variation trends when an external magnetic field is parallel or perpendicular to the capillary axis. Experimental results indicate that WGM resonance dips exhibit wavelength shift in inverse directions for the above two cases, which is in accordance with our theoretical analysis on different refractive variation behaviors of MFs. As the applied magnetic field is perpendicular or parallel to the capillary axis, the WGM resonance wavelength tuning sensitivities tend to be

−

15.01

p
m

/

m
T

and 6.3 pm/mT, respectively. Our proposed WGM tuning scheme has several desirable advantages, including bidirectional tunability, high Q-factor, ease of fabrication, and good compatibility with functional materials, making it a promising candidate in the field of magnetic field vector sensing and magnetically manipulated micro-optic devices.
Temperature accuracy and resolution improvement for a Raman distributed fiber-optics sensor by using the Rayleigh noise suppression method
Authors: Yan Baoqiang , Li Jian , Zhang Mingjiang , Xu Yang , Yu Tao , Zhang Jianzhong , Qiao Lijun , Wang Tao 
Published: December 2019

A novel Rayleigh noise suppression method is proposed to improve temperature accuracy and resolution for Raman distributed fiber-optics sensors. The proposed temperature demodulation method can eliminate temperature measurement inaccuracy caused by Rayleigh noise. The experimental results indicate that the temperature accuracy is optimized from 6.2°C to 1.7°C at a sensing distance of 9.1 km by using the proposed method, and the temperature resolution leads to about 1.5°C improvement compared with the tradition demodulation method at a sensing distance of 10.0 km. The proposed method provides a robust and reliable high performance for long sensing ranges.
Modal instability suppression in a high-average-power and high-finesse Fabry–Perot cavity
Authors: Amoudry Loïc , Wang Huan , Cassou Kevin , Chiche Ronic , Dupraz Kevin , Martens Aurélien , Nutarelli Daniele , Soskov Viktor , Zomer Fabian 
Published: December 2019

An experimental method to remove modal instabilities induced by thermoelastic deformation in optical high-finesse resonators is presented and experimentally investigated in this paper. The method is found suitable for multi-mirror folded monolithic and compact cavities, such as those used in the particle accelerator environment. It is also suitable for very high stacked average power. Here we demonstrate stable operation at the 200 kW intracavity average power.
Single-step 3D-printed integrated optical system and its implementation for a sensing application using digital light processing technology
Authors: Swargiary Kankan , Jarutatsanangkoon Pasit , Suwanich Pimpakan , Jolivot Romuald , Mohammed Waleed S. 
Published: December 2019

This study proposes a single-step integrated optical fabrication scheme utilizing a 3D printer using digital light processing technology. Strong light confinement in the fabricated structure is realized through the introduction of an elevated (tower-shaped) waveguide in a transparent photosensitive resin (PX-8880). The fabrication is optimized to maximize light confinement through varying the dimensions of the guiding region and the tower structure. Benefiting from the surface roughness produced by the slicing process in the 3D printing (50 µm resolution), the fabricated structure was tested for vapor sensing. Obvious intensity dynamics have been reported due to the change of the optical scattering due to the presence of vapor as well as polymer vapor interaction. Though the reported response time is long, further optimization can lead to practical operation time.
Squint-looking differential synthetic aperture ladar: signal processing and experimental demonstration
Authors: Li Danyang , Wu Jin , Wan Lei , Wang Debin , Wu Tong , Ke Changjun 
Published: December 2019

Squint-looking differential synthetic aperture ladar (DSAL) is reported with detailed signal processing mathematics and high-resolution experimental demonstrations. Based on the DSAL principle and standard squint-looking synthetic aperture radar theory, the data processing procedures on squint-looking DSAL image formation are obtained. The experimental DSAL setup, operating in “step-stop” strip map mode, adopts a frequency chirped laser with a wavelength of 1550 nm as the illuminating source and a specially designed random phase generator to introduce large common mode random phase error (RPE) into the phase history data of both receiving sub-apertures. High-resolution DSAL images of a cooperative target at a distance of 1.85 m and squint-looking angle of

−

10

∘

or

+

10

∘

are demonstrated. The DSAL images, with or without large RPE, are all well focused by straightforwardly following the given data processing steps. The result illustrates that the DSAL technique is robust in removing common mode phase errors in squint-looking configuration.
Optical OCDMA coding and 3D imaging technique for non-scanning full-waveform LiDAR system
Authors: Yang Xingyu , Su Jinshan , Hao Liting , Wang Yuanqing 
Published: December 2019

Full-waveform LiDAR systems have been developed owing to their
superiority in terms of high precision and resolution. However,
further improving the imaging speed and resolution continues to be a
problem. In this study, we propose an optical orthogonal code division
multiple access (OCDMA) coding and 3D imaging technique, and a
non-scanning full-waveform LiDAR system is first demonstrated.
Encoding, multiplexing, and decoding are the essential modules of the
OCDMA LiDAR system, which use M detectors and N-bits code to achieve
high-accuracy decomposition for

M

×

N

pixels. In this paper, a complete 3D
imaging LiDAR system is introduced, and the implementation of encoding
and decoding is also illustrated. To prove that the technology is
scientific and effective, an imaging experiment is carried out. The
experimental result indicates that a system with only four avalanche
photodiodes (APDs) can achieve 256 pixels. Moreover, the vertical
resolution is about 1.8 cm and the range resolution is 15 cm at the
distance of 40 m.
Az ezredforduló pszichológiája II
Authors: Pléh Csaba 
Published: December 2019

Az összefoglaló tanulmány azt elemzi, hogyan változott meg az utóbbi néhány évtizedben a pszichológiai kutatás mondanivalója és működésmódja. A pszichológia három magyarázati modellje, a neurális, az evolúciós és a társas modell új módon kapcsolódnak egymáshoz. Megjelenik a kidolgozott evolúciós pszichológia, mely a társas életet és a társas magyarázatot is igyekszik bekebelezni. Az evolúciós fejlődés felfogások pedig egyszerre helyezik el a mentális életet egy neuroszociális és egy kultúrára is kiterjesztett evolúciós modellben. Mindezt az innátista fejlődésfelfogások finomodása révén olyan pszichogenetika érvelések kísérik, melyek az univerzális és az egyéni különbségekkel foglalkozó gentika hagyományt egyesítik.
Use of Subsistence-Harvested Whale Carcasses by Polar Bears in the Southern Beaufort Sea
Authors: Lillie Kate M. , Gese Eric M. , Atwood Todd C. , Conner Mary M. 
Published: December 2019

The availability of a food subsidy has the potential to influence the condition, behavior, fitness, and population dynamics of a species. Since the early 2000s, monitoring efforts along the coast of northern Alaska have indicated a higher proportion of polar bears (<i>Ursus maritimus</i>) of the southern Beaufort Sea (SB) subpopulation coming onshore to feed on subsistence-harvested bowhead whale (<i>Balaena mysticetus</i>) carcasses during the fall and early winter seasons. Concurrently, Indigenous communities annually hunt bowhead whale and deposit the unused remains at localized “bone piles,” creating the potential for human-bear interactions. Our objective was to determine the annual number of polar bears feeding at the bone pile near Kaktovik, Alaska. Using a hair snag surrounding the bone pile, we collected hair samples to identify individual bears via microsatellite genotypes during 2011 – 14. We used capture-mark-recapture data in the POPAN open-population model to estimate the number of bears visiting the bone pile. We estimated that as many as 72 (SE = 9) and 76 (SE = 10) male and female polar bears, respectively, used the bone pile located at Kaktovik, Alaska, in 2012, which represents approximately 16% of the SB polar bear subpopulation. It will be important to monitor the number of bears using the bone pile and subsequent human-bear interactions and conflicts along the northern coast of Alaska, if sea ice continues to recede.
Kinetics of Iron Removal From Ti-Extraction Blast Furnace Slag by Chlorination Calcination
Authors: He Siqi , Peng Tongjiang , Sun Hongjuan , Luo Dongshan , Xiao Qing , Geng Qian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this research, ammonium chloride was used to calcine Ti-extraction blast furnace slag (EBFS) with the aim of removing iron from it. The influences of calcination temperature, ammonium chloride to EBFS mass ratio and particle size on the rates of iron removal were investigated. The results show that the rate of iron removal increased to almost 100% with increases in calcination temperature and the NH4Cl to EBFS mass ratio, but decreased with increases in particle size. Iron is removed in the form of ferric chloride gas, and ammonium chloride can be recycled by recrystallization after decomposition. The bagdasarrym model was used to describe the calcination process at temperatures below 261°C, which was controlled by nonisothermal crystallization. The reaction kinetic equation was obtained and the apparent activation energy of 67.21 kJ/mol. Ferric chloride reaction product existed in the calcined slag in an amorphous solid state. The shrinking core model was used to describe the calcination process at temperatures above 261°C, which was controlled by surface chemical reactions. The reaction kinetic equation was obtained and the apparent activation energy was found to be 42.05 kJ/mol.
The 2015 refugee crisis, uncertainty and the media: Representations of refugees, asylum seekers and immigrants in Austrian and French media
Authors: Gottlob Anita , Boomgaarden Hajo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMedia coverage of migration and migrants can exert considerable influence on the public’s understanding of and attitudes towards migration. During the peak of what has been called ‘the refugee crisis’ in 2015, heated discussions about immigration and its possible impact filled the media landscape. This study focuses specifically on the news framing of insecurities regarding immigration, exploring what we have termed ‘uncertainty frames’ in the coverage of refugees, asylum seekers and immigrants. This study will thus lend empirical support to a novel attempt to combine the concepts of uncertainty, risk, and framing. These frames were analyzed within French and Austrian media from 2015 to 2016. Drawing on a content analysis of tabloid and broadsheet articles, different types of uncertainty frames (economy, values, society, etc.) as well as different types of solution frames (the kind of solutions provided for the issue of immigration) were examined. Results suggest that even though all frames decrease in salience over time, important variations in different types of uncertainty frames do appear. It is argued that frames related to abstract issues seem to stay more salient throughout time in both countries.
Zur Funktion des Vortheoretischen bei Adorno
Authors: Ferencz-Flatz Christian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPre-theoretical experience and the lifeworld are traditionally seen as a key reference for phenomenology. In the present paper I intend to point out their relevance for critical theory as well. To this extent, I start off with a brief overview of phenomenological approaches to pre-theoretical experience and their relationship to empirical research. In sketching out some of the overlaps between phenomenology and early critical theory in this regard, I then specifically focus on Adorno’s reflections concerning the role of an extended concept of experience in both his sociological and his philosophical work. Outlining Adorno’s methodological appropriation of “unregimented experience” in the guise of what he terms “physiognomic interpretation” – a procedure intended as a corrective to both rigorous empirical research and philosophical aprioric reasoning – I try to show wherein Adorno’s own approach to the pre-theoretical diverges from phenomenology. Finally, I conclude with some reflections concerning the different functions experience acquires in traditional phenomenology and critical theory.
Planning of Optimal Capacity for the Middle-Sized Storage Using a Mathematical Model
Authors: Kuľka Jozef , Mantič Martin , Kopas Melichar , Faltinová Eva , Siman Marián 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The article deals with the issue of midsize businesses, their position within the association, and specifically determining the size and range of stocks in their ware-houses. A mathematical model is used and several examples explain the issue of calculating warehouse items.
Evaluation of cytogenotoxic potential of Morinda lucida leaf extract on Swiss albino male mice using two bioassays
Authors: Anifowoshe Abass Toba , Abdulkareem Adam Olaitan , Opeyemi Olufunke Adenike , Aina Ololade Matthew , Makanjuola Damilola Eyiyemi , Abel Joy Ojonugwa , Majolagbe Jubril Olamide , Babamale Olarewaju Abdulkareem 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background: Utilization of Morinda lucida for the treatment of ailments such as malaria, diarrhea, infertility in women, and dysentery in many countries including Nigeria is on increase due to its efficiency, availability, and affordability. However, its cytogenotoxicity has not been elucidated. This study investigated the phytochemical constituents and possible genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of M. lucida leaf extract in Swiss albino male mice using bone marrow micronucleus and sperm morphology assays. Methods: Plant materials was collected, thoroughly washed, and air-dried at room temperature prior to maceration. The extract was assessed for the presence of the phytochemical compounds. Swiss albino male mice (Mus musculus) (n=4) were treated with different concentrations of this extract (400 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg, and 1200 mg/kg) while distilled water was used as negative control. Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed that the extract contains saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids, glycosides, and tannins. We observed micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) and normochromatic erythrocytes (NCE) of 3.20%, 1.10%, and 1.95% at different concentrations of 400 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg, and 1200 mg/kg respectively in the treated animals. The result showed no significant increase in the frequency of abnormalities (p < 0.05) when compared to the negative control; however, in separate analysis of mono-micronucleated PCE and mono-micronucleated NCE per group, a significant increase at 400 mg/kg and 1200 mg/kg concentrations was observed. The sperm anomalies decreased with increase in concentration. Conclusions: This study recommends 800 mg/kg concentration of the plant extract; however, it should be further and properly investigated as it contains some pharmaceutical components that can be used for pharmacological purposes.
Profile of sociodemographics, sources of infection, antiretrovirals and CD4 counts on HIV/AIDS outpatients in Turen Primary Health Centre, Indonesia
Authors: Dhini Ellyvina S. , Setiadi Antonius Adji P. , Wibowo Yosi I. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
The profile of patients with HIV/AIDS is required to develop appropriate HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment programs in Indonesia. Turen is one of the four sub-districts with the highest number of patients with HIV/AIDS in Malang District, Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to determine the sociodemographic profile, sources of infection, use of antiretrovirals and CD4 counts on HIV/AIDS outpatients in Turen Primary Health Centre (PHC).

Methods
The sociodemographic data, antiretroviral use, and CD4 counts were obtained from medical records on HIV/AIDS outpatients in Turen PHC. A qualitative approach using in-depth interviews was used to explore the source of infection. Descriptive analysis was used to summarise the quantitative data, while thematic analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data derived from interviews.

Results
A total of 45 HIV/AIDS outpatient medical records were reviewed. Of those, the majority were females (57.8%), ages 26–35 years (51.1%), married (55.6%) and having income less than 2 million rupiah (73.3%). All of them used a combination of antiretroviral therapy from two classes of antiretrovirals, i.e. nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor and non-nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor; the majority were treated with fixed-dose combination of tenofovir-lamifudin-efavirenz. The CD4 counts data were obtained from 31 patients with an average number of 282 cells/mm3. The qualitative data from interviews with 15 patients revealed that the source of infection was from husband, unsafe/unprotected sex and blood donor.

Conclusions
The high prevalence of HIV/AIDS among young married women and poor control of the disease in Indonesia warrants further considerations. The government should work together with all related stakeholders in raising awareness of HIV/AIDS, particularly among women, as well as improving treatment and support for people living with HIV/AIDS.
Molecular docking of novel 5-O-benzoylpinostrobin derivatives as wild type and L858R/T790M/V948R mutant EGFR inhibitor
Authors: Pratama Mohammad Rizki Fadhil , Poerwono Hadi , Siswodihardjo Siswandono 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Previous studies have shown that 5-O-benzoylpinostrobin derivatives is a potential anti-breast cancer, with the highest potential being the HER2 inhibitors, is a protein’s member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family. Overexpression of EGFR itself is known to be one of the causes of other cancer, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Thus, it is possible that 5-O-benzoylpinostrobin derivatives can also inhibit the overexpression of EGFR in NSCLC. In the case of NSCLC, mutations of EGFR are often found in several amino acids, such as L858R, T790M, and V948R. This study aimed to determine the potential of 5-O-benzoylpinostrobin derivatives as an inhibitor of wild type and L858R/T790M/V948R-mutant EGFR.

Methods
Docking was performed using AutoDock Vina 1.1.2 on both wild type and L858R/T790M/V948R-mutant EGFR. Parameters observed, consisted of free energy of binding (ΔG) and amino acid interactions of each ligand.

Results
Docking results showed that all 5-O-benzoylpinostrobin derivatives showed a lower ΔG for both wild type and L858R/T790M/V948R-mutant EGFR, with the lowest ΔG shown by 4-methyl-5-O-benzoylpinostrobin and 4-trifluoromethyl-5-O-benzoylpinostrobin. Both the ligands have the similarity of interacting amino acids compared to reference ligands between 76.47 and 88.24%. Specifically, the ΔG of all test ligands was lower in mutant EGFR than in the wild type, which indicates the potential of the ligand as EGFR inhibitors where a mutation to EGFR occurs.

Conclusions
These results confirm that 5-O-benzoylpinostrobin derivatives have the potential to inhibit EGFR in both wild type and L858R/T790M/V948R-mutant.