bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SURMOF Devices Based on Heteroepitaxial Architectures with White‐Light Emission and Luminescent Thermal‐Dependent Performance
Authors: Chen Dong‐Hui , Sedykh Alexander E. , Gomez Germán E. , Neumeier Beatrice Lilli , Santos Jaciara C. C. , Gvilava Vasily , Maile Ruben , Feldmann Claus , WÖll Christof , Janiak Christoph , Müller‐Buschbaum Klaus , Redel Engelbert 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA new set of Ln‐MOF (lanthanide‐metal‐organic framework) thin films, known as Ln‐SURMOFs (surface‐supported MOFs), is fabricated with a layer‐by‐layer, in order to generate solid‐state white‐lighting devices. A three‐component approach is carried out for a rational combination of red, green, and blue (RGB) emitting Eu3+, Tb3+, and Gd3+ containing layers in order to achieve white‐light emission. The Ln‐SURMOFs are fully characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction, infrared reflection–absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy (excitation‐emission and chromaticity determination according to Commission International de l'Eclairage, CIE). The devices show CIE x,y coordinates of almost ideal white light (0.331, 0.329), as well as a correlated color temperature of 5570 K. Besides, the temperature dependent performance of the RGB‐SURMOFs is studied at room temperature and at 77 K.
Ultrahigh Sensitive Carbon‐Based Conducting Rubbers for Flexible and Wearable Human–Machine Intelligence Sensing
Authors: Ajeev Arya , Javaregowda Bharathkumar H. , Ali Ashik , Modak Mrudul , Patil Shreya , Khatua Saumyakanta , Ramadoss Marimuthu , Kothavade Premkumar Anil , Arulraj Arul Kashmir 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe wearable strain sensors with multifunctional applications can fuel the rapid development of human–machine intelligence for various sectors like healthcare, soft robotics, and Internet of Things applications. However, achieving the low‐cost and mass production of wearable sensors with ultra‐high performance remains challenging. Herein, a simple, cost‐effective, and scalable methodology to fabricate the flexible and highly sensitive strain sensors using carbon black and latex rubbers (LR) is presented. The LR‐based strain sensor demonstrates excellent flexibility, fast response (≈600 ms), ultra‐high sensitivity (maximum gauge factor of 1.2 × 104 at 250% strain), and long‐term stability over 1000 cycles. The LR‐based strain sensors are sensitive to monitor subtle human motions such as heart pulse rate and voice recognition along with high‐strain human joint operations. Additionally, the sensing mechanism of LR bands is investigated by surface topographies and electromechanical response under various strained/unstrained conditions. Further, a smart glove‐based sensor module made of LR strain bands with an Arduino reader for the human–machine intelligence device for non‐verbal communication in military applications is demonstrated.
Enabling High‐Speed Computing with Electromagnetic Pulse Switching
Authors: Yakovlev Alex , Pacheco‐Peña Victor 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCommunication and transfer of information from one block to another within a system is fundamental for high‐speed and efficient computing. Herein, a simple approach for computing, without using conventional electrical charge/discharge‐based primitive operations, in which information is represented in electromagnetic energy steps travelling in sections of transmission lines, is proposed. These steps are formed by transverse electromagnetic (TEM) square pulses with a polarity representing the values of Boolean variables. Logical operations between variables are realized at the crossing point of inter‐connected transmission lines by exploiting the known laws of reflection and transmission of TEM waves allowing power division and/or recombination. A series and parallel configurations for at‐will square pulse manipulation are discussed, offering new possibilities for future electromagnetic pulse‐based computing systems.
Design of 3D Oxide–Metal Hybrid Metamaterial for Tailorable Light–Matter Interactions in Visible and Near‐Infrared Region
Authors: Zhang Di , Lu Ping , Misra Shikhar , Wissel Ashley , He Zihao , Qi Zhimin , Gao Xingyao , Sun Xing , Liu Juncheng , Lu Juanjuan , Zhang Xinghang , Wang Haiyan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDielectric–metallic hybrid metamaterials exhibit extraordinary optical properties due to the light–matter interactions at the dielectric–metallic interfaces. The ability in precision control of the light–matter interactions in nanoscale is key to tailor the optical properties of hybrid metamaterials. In this work, a complex 3D framework of multilayered self‐assembled BaTiO3(BTO)‐Au hybrid thin films is demonstrated with such precision control of the light–matter interaction in nanoscale. Unique “bamboo‐like” Au nanostructures are formed via the bilayer and trilayer stacking of BTO‐Au hybrid layers with interlayers of SrTiO3, CeO2, or MgO. Different film strain states introduced by the three interlayers result in variable diameter and density of Au nanopillars. Both simulated and experimental optical data demonstrate the localized surface plasmon resonance change and hyperbolic dispersion wavelength shift in visible to near‐infrared because of the effective tuning of the Au nanopillar aspect ratio and free electron density. The highly tunable optical properties along with the ferroelectric behavior and thermal robustness of the 3D hybrid film enable it to be a great candidate for multifunctional applications. This study demonstrates a unique 3D approach for precision optical property tuning and combined functionalities in oxide–metal metamaterial systems toward future integrated photonic and electronic devices.
Direct Observation of Shallow Trap States in Thermal Equilibrium with Band‐Edge Excitons in Strongly Confined CsPbBr3 Perovskite Nanoplatelets
Authors: Socie Etienne , Vale Brener R. C. , Burgos‐Caminal Andrés , Moser Jacques‐E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLead halide perovskites exhibit great potential for light‐emitting devices. Enhanced photoluminescence (PL) is obtained in perovskite materials of reduced dimensionalities due to the large exciton binding energy. However, as the nanocrystal size is reduced, the surface‐to‐volume ratio increases, leading to an abundance of surface defects. Here, a fast PL decay, 3–10 ps, is observed in quasi‐1D CsPbBr3 perovskite nanoplatelets using broadband fluorescence upconversion spectroscopy. This decay is attributed to reversible trapping of band‐edge excitons into dark states that lie close to the band edge. A simplified model is proposed to further confirm the presence of shallow traps and to fit the data obtained by ultrafast spectroscopy for multiple samples. Finally, the presence of deep trap states in aged nanoplatelets is revealed, likely arising from desorption of the organic capping ligands from the surface. Exciton trapping into these states is slower, 20–30 ps, but leads to a decrease in the photoluminescence quantum yield. These results may not only explain the extended luminescence lifetimes that have been reported for perovskite nanocrystals but also demonstrate the potential of combining ultrafast transient absorption and fluorescence up‐conversion to obtain a full description of the spectroscopic properties of the material.
Deterministic and Controllable Photonic Scattering Media via Direct Laser Writing
Authors: Marakis Evangelos , Uppu Ravitej , Meretska Maryna L. , Gorter Klaas‐Jan , Vos Willem L. , Pinkse Pepijn W. H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPhotonic scattering materials, such as biological tissue and white paper, are made of randomly positioned nanoscale inhomogeneities in refractive index that lead to multiple scattering of light. Typically these materials, both naturally occurring or man‐made, are formed through self assembly of the scattering inhomogeneities, making it extremely challenging to know the exact positions of these inhomogeneities, let alone control those. Here, the nanofabrication of photonic multiple‐scattering media using direct laser writing with a deterministic design is reported on. These deterministic multiple‐scattering media consist of submicron‐thick polymer nanorods that are randomly oriented within a cubic volume. The total transmission of light is studied as a function of the number of rods and of the sample thickness to extract the scattering and transport mean free paths using radiative transfer theory. Such ability to fabricate photonic multiple‐scattering media with deterministic and controllable properties opens up a myriad of opportunities for fundamental studies of light scattering, in particular, in the multiple‐scattering regime and with strong anisotropy and for new applications in solid‐state lighting and photovoltaics.
A Review of the Current State of Nanomedicines for Targeting and Treatment of Cancers: Achievements and Future Challenges
Authors: Kermanizadeh Ali , Jacobsen Nicklas Raun , Murphy Fiona , Powell Leagh , Parry Lee , Zhang Haiyuan , Møller Peter 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe design and utilization of nanomedicines offers great potential for treating various diseases including cancers. Current challenges with traditional cancer treatment strategies include but are not limited to lack of specific targeting, overt systemic toxicity and low efficacy. The use of nanomaterials show particular promise as candidates for cancer treatment due to their high surface to volume ratio and tuneable size, shape, and surface chemistry, which in combination, allow for improved tumor targeting and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. The scrutinization of the literature demonstrates the potential of nanosized carrier systems over traditional approaches (at the molecular level) for specific targeting of the tumors. Despite the great promise showing in preclinical studies, the number of nanomedicines reaching clinical testing is still very low. This review attempts to address this issue by using a weight of evidence approach to the different strategies for use of nanomedicines in combating cancer, as well as highlighting a number of areas that the field of nanomedicines is clearly lagging behind in, as compared to conventional drug discovery and development. It is hoped that the recommendations in this review will allow for better translation of nanomedicines reaching clinical trials.
Fluoride‐Free 2D Niobium Carbide MXenes as Stable and Biocompatible Nanoplatforms for Electrochemical Biosensors with Ultrahigh Sensitivity
Authors: Song Menglin , Pang Sin‐Yi , Guo Feng , Wong Man‐Chung , Hao Jianhua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecently, 2D niobium carbide MXene has drawn vast attention due to its merits of large surface area, good metallic conductivity, and tunable band gap, making it desirable for various applications. However, the usage of highly toxic fluoride‐containing etchant and quite long etching time in the conventional synthesis route has greatly hindered further exploration of MXene, especially restricting its biomedical application. Herein, novel fluoride‐free Nb2CTx nanosheets are prepared by a facile strategy of electrochemical etching (E‐etching) exfoliation. Taking advantage of rapid aluminum clearance, excellent chemical stability, and biocompatibility from the MXene by E‐etching, fluoride‐free Nb2CTx/acetylcholinesterase‐based biosensors are constructed for phosmet detection with the limit of detection down to 0.046 ng mL−1. The fabricated Nb2CTx‐based biosensor is superior to the counterpart from hydrofluoric acid‐etched Nb2CTx, indicating that fluoride‐free MXene can enhance the enzyme activity and electron transfer in the biosensor. The results prove that the fluorine‐free MXene shows promise for developing biosensors with high performance of ultrahigh sensitivity and selectivity. It is highly expected that the fluoride‐free MXene as a stable and biocompatible nanoplatform has great potential to be expanded to many other biomedical fields.
Ultra‐Permeable Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Membranes with Exceptional Performance at Scale
Authors: Jue Melinda L. , Buchsbaum Steven F. , Chen Chiatai , Park Sei Jin , Meshot Eric R. , Wu Kuang Jen J. , Fornasiero Francesco 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEnhanced fluid transport in single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) promises to enable major advancements in many membrane applications, from efficient water purification to next‐generation protective garments. Practical realization of these advancements is hampered by the challenges of fabricating large‐area, defect‐free membranes containing a high density of open, small diameter SWCNT pores. Here, large‐scale (≈60 cm2) nanocomposite membranes comprising of an ultrahigh density (1.89 × 1012 tubes cm−2) of 1.7 nm SWCNTs as sole transport pathways are demonstrated. Complete opening of all conducting nanotubes in the composite enables unprecedented accuracy in quantifying the enhancement of pressure‐driven transport for both gases (>290× Knudsen prediction) and liquids (6100× no‐slip Hagen–Poiseuille prediction). Achieved water permeances (>200 L m−2 h−1 bar−1) greatly exceed those of state‐of‐the‐art commercial nano‐ and ultrafiltration membranes of similar pore size. Fabricated membranes reject nanometer‐sized molecules, permit fractionation of dyes from concentrated salt solutions, and exhibit excellent chemical resistance. Altogether, these SWCNT membranes offer new opportunities for energy‐efficient nano‐ and ultrafiltration processes in chemically demanding environments.
Controlling Performance of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Triboelectric Nanogenerators via Chemical Composition Modulation and Electric Field‐Induced Ion Migration
Authors: Huang Shuyi , Shi Lin , Zou Taoyu , Kuang Haoze , Rajagopalan Pandey , Xu Hongsheng , Zhan Shijie , Chen Jinkai , Xuan Weipeng , Jin Hao , Dong Shurong , Zhou Hang , Wang Xiaozhi , Yin Wuliang , Kim Jong Min , Luo Jikui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, new strategies are proposed to design high‐performance organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite (PVK)‐based triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) via both chemical composition modulation and electric field‐induced ion migration in the films. Both composition variation and ion migration under electric field are found to change the type of conductivity of the perovskite films, then modify their surface potentials and electron affinities. These are utilized to fabricate PVK‐based TENGs in pairs with poly‐tetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or nylon films, respectively. Results show that PVK films are able to work as either a positive or a negative tribo‐material depending on the tribo‐material pair used; the optimal performances are obtained for PTFE/PVK TENGs using a PVK film with a MAI/PbI2 ratio of 2 and forward polarization, and for nylon/PVK TENGs using a PVK film with a MAI/PbI2 ratio of 0.4 and reverse polarization, respectively. The maximum output voltage and peak power density of PTFE/PVK TENGs are about 979 V and 24 W m−2, 2.5 and 6.5 times higher than those of TENGs with nonoptimal composition ratio or that are poorly polarized. This work provides a new material design method for high‐performance TENGs and a novel polarization strategy for TENG performance enhancement.
3D Architected Carbon Electrodes for Energy Storage
Authors: Narita Kai , Citrin Michael A. , Yang Heng , Xia Xiaoxing , Greer Julia R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe ability to design a particular geometry of porous electrodes at multiple length scales in a lithium‐ion battery can significantly and positively influence battery performance because it enables control over distribution of current and potential and can enhance ion and electron transport. 3D architecturally designed carbon electrodes are developed, whose structural factors are independently controlled and whose dimensions span micrometers to centimeters, using digital light processing and pyrolysis. These free‐standing lattice electrodes are comprised of monolithic glassy carbon beams, are lightweight, with a relative density of 0.1–0.35, and mechanically robust, with a maximum precollapse stress of 27 MPa, which facilitates electrode recycling. The specific strength is 101 kN m kg−1, comparable to that of 6061 aluminum alloy. These carbon electrodes can reach a mass loading of 70 mg cm−2 and an areal capacity of 3.2 mAh cm−2 at a current density of 2.4 mA cm−2. It is demonstrated that this approach allows for independent design of structural factors, i.e., beam diameter, electrode thickness, and surface morphology, enabling control over Li‐ion transport length, overpotential and battery performance, not available for slurry‐based electrodes. This multiscale approach to design of electrodes may open substantial performance‐enhancing capabilities for solid‐ and liquid‐state batteries, flow batteries, and fuel cells.
Prenatal and postnatal diagnosis of Schuurs‐Hoeijmakers syndrome: Case series and review of the literature
Authors: Seto Mimi Tin‐Yan , Bertoli‐Avella Aida M. , Cheung Ka Wang , Chan Kelvin Yuen‐Kwong , Yeung Kit San , Fung Jasmine Lee‐Fong , Beetz Christian , Bauer Peter , Luk Ho Ming , Lo Ivan Fai‐Man , Lee Chin Peng , Chung Brian Hon‐Yin , Kan Anita Sik‐Yau 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSchuurs‐Hoeijmakers syndrome (SHS) is a rare syndrome involving a de novo variant in the PACS1 gene on chromosome 11q13. There are 36 individuals published in the literature so far, mostly diagnosed postnatally (34/36) after recognizing the typical facial features co‐occurring with developmental delay, intellectual disability, and multiple malformations. Herein, we present one prenatal and 15 postnatal cases with the recurrent heterozygous pathogenic variant NM_018026.3:c.607C>T p.(Arg203Trp) in the PACS1 gene detected by exome sequencing. These 16 cases were identified by mining Centogene and the Hong Kong clinical genetic service databases. Collectively, the 49 postnatally diagnosed individuals present with typical facial features and developmental delay, while the three prenatally diagnosed individuals present with multiple congenital anomalies. In the current study, the use of exome sequencing as an unbiased diagnostic tool aided the diagnosis of SHS (pre‐ and postnatally). The identification of additional cases with SHS add to the current understanding of the clinical phenotype associated with pathogenic PACS1 variants. Databases combining clinical and genetic information are helpful for the study of rare diseases.
Ultratough and recoverable ionogels based on multiple interpolymer hydrogen bonding as durable electrolytes for flexible solid‐state supercapacitor
Authors: Ge Yongxin , Bu Ximan , Wang Lei , Wu Linlin , Ma Xiaofeng , Diao Wenjing , Lu Duyou 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe emerging application of ionogels in flexible devices require it enough durable under repeated mechanical deformation while maintaining their superior electrochemical properties. In this work, ultratough and recoverable ionogels, where ionic liquids are confined in chemically and interpolymer hydrogen‐bonding hybrid crosslinked network, were fabricated by in situ copolymerization of acrylic acid and 1‐vinylimidazole monomer within 1‐buty‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid. The reversible hydrogen bonds between imidazole and carboxylic acid groups of polymer chains in the network work as reversible “sacrificial bonds” to toughen ionogel, which makes the ionogels tough (tensile strength 1.62 MPa, toughness 8.7 MJ m−3), stretchable (elongation at break 1090%), and recoverable (91% recovery resting for 30 min, at 534 kPa stress and 500% strain). Moreover, the hydrogen‐bonded ionogels exhibit high ionic conductivity of 2.3 S m−1 at 80°C to 3.2 S m−1 at 150°C. Furthermore, the ionogel‐based flexible electrical double‐layer capacitor can be operated up to 1.5 V with a capacitance of 341.47 F g−1 at 0.5 A·g−1 and exhibits excellent capacitance retention after 1000 cycles as well as superior electrochemical performance over a wide range of temperature. This work provides new insights into the synthesis of tough and recoverable ionogels for high‐performance flexible supercapacitors.
Stabilizing Effect of Polysulfides on Lithium Metal Anodes in Sparingly Solvating Solvents
Authors: Reuter Florian S. , Huang Chen‐Jui , Hsieh Yi‐Chen , Dörfler Susanne , Brunklaus Gunther , Althues Holger , Winter Martin , Lin Shawn D. , Hwang Bing‐Joe , Kaskel Stefan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractElectrolytes with sparingly polysulfide solubility such as 1.5 M LiTFSI in tetramethylene sulfone (TMS) and 1,1,2,2‐tetrafluoroethyl‐2,2,3,3‐tetrafluoropropyl ether (TTE) are beneficial for the cycle stability of Li−S pouch cells. In this work, this specific electrolyte system and the role of dissolved polysulfides (PS) in symmetrical Li/Li cells is investigated. By studying varying TMS/TTE volume ratios and polysulfide addition aided by both ex situ and operando spectroscopic as well as microscopic techniques, the positive impact of PS on the lithium plating/stripping behavior is evaluated. The composition of the solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) as well as the microscopic morphology differs for electrolytes with PS from those without PS addition. These findings are crucial for the development of electrolytes for cycle‐stable Li−S prototype cells.
Modeling the evolution of interconnected processes: It is the song and the singers
Authors: Bapteste Eric , Papale François 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecently, Doolittle and Inkpen formulated a thought provoking theory, asserting that evolution by natural selection was responsible for the sideways evolution of two radically different kinds of selective units (also called Domains). The former entities, termed singers, correspond to the usual objects studied by evolutionary biologists (gene, genomes, individuals, species, etc.), whereas the later, termed songs, correspond to re‐produced biological and ecosystemic functions, processes, information, and memes. Singers perform songs through selected patterns of interactions, meaning that a wealth of critical phenomena might receive novel evolutionary explanations. However, this theory did not provide an empirical approach to study evolution in such a broadened context. Here, we show that analyzing songs and singers, using patterns of interaction networks as a common ontology for both, offers a novel, actionable, inclusive and mathematical way to analyze not only the re‐production but also the evolution and fitness of biological and ecosystemic interconnected processes.
A second Warburg‐like effect in cancer metabolism: The metabolic shift of glutamine‐derived nitrogen
Authors: Kodama Manabu , Nakayama Keiichi I. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCarbon and nitrogen are essential elements for life. Glucose as a carbon source and glutamine as a nitrogen source are important nutrients for cell proliferation. About 100 years ago, it was discovered that cancer cells that have acquired unlimited proliferative capacity and undergone malignant evolution in their host manifest a cancer‐specific remodeling of glucose metabolism (the Warburg effect). Only recently, however, was it shown that the metabolism of glutamine‐derived nitrogen is substantially shifted from glutaminolysis to nucleotide biosynthesis during malignant progression of cancer—which might be referred to as a “second” Warburg effect. In this review, address the mechanism and relevance of this metabolic shift of glutamine‐derived nitrogen in human cancer. We also examine the clinical potential of anticancer therapies that modulate the metabolic pathways of glutamine‐derived nitrogen. This shift may be as important as the shift in carbon metabolism, which has long been known as the Warburg effect.