bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DISTANCE LEARNING OF “UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE (BY PROFESSIONAL DIRECTION)” OF STUDENTS OF MEDICAL SPECIALTIES
Authors: Zalipska I. Ya. 
Published: June 2020

The article considers the features and benefits of using distance learning in the educational process. The content of the concept of “distance learning” and the views of scientists on its interpretation are presented. It reveals the teaching experience of the discipline “Ukrainian language (by professional direction)” by means of distance learning at the Ukrainian Language Department of I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University. The materials for checking the level of medical specialties students’ knowledge in the aforementioned discipline are offered for the following themes: “Language standard. Orthoepic norms, norms of emphasis”, “Lexical aspect of medical professional language. Phraseological units in professional language”, “Terminology in professional communication. Lexical-semantic relations in scientific terminology. Features of Ukrainian medical terminology”, “Dictionaries in professional communication. Types of dictionaries, their function and role in enhancing language culture”, “Morphological aspect of Medical Professional Language”, “Syntactic aspect of Medical Professional Language”, “Features of Ukrainian language etiquette. Communicative qualities of language culture. Doctor’s Language Etiquette”, “Public speech and its genres”.
It emphasizes the usage of detailed instructions for practical tasks and for submitting samples to each task. The research demonstrates that the teacher must take into account the goal, the age of the students, the professional orientation of the tasks. It underscores that the given tasks have a practical orientation and cannot comprehensively assess the student’s knowledge level in the study of a specific topic, but they aim to diversify distance learning, make it interesting. Undoubtedly, the usage of computer-based distance learning provides a learning process, so it needs to be refined and developed. This type of training encourages the specialist to look for new forms and methods of teaching the discipline, and the student to work independently, to work with different sources of information. It should be noted that the development of distance learning in the Ukrainian education system is perspective.
Association Between Blood Lead Level and Uncontrolled Hypertension in the US Population (NHANES 1999–2016)
Authors: Miao Hui , Liu Yan , Tsai Thomas C. , Schwartz Joel , Ji John S. 
Published: June 2020

Background

This study aims to explore whether higher blood lead levels (
BLL
) may be associated with failure to control blood pressure and subsequent uncontrolled hypertension.

Methods and Results

We used serial cross‐sectional waves of the
US
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2016. 30 762 subjects aged 20 years and above were included. Uncontrolled hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥130 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥80 mm Hg. We estimated odds ratios (
OR
s) of quartiles of
BLL
for any hypertension and uncontrolled hypertension by sex using logistic regression, adjusted for demographics, smoking status, serum cotinine, alcohol intake, body mass index, and menopause status in women. The weighted prevalence of hypertension was 46.7%, of which 80.1% were uncontrolled. Men, younger ages, ethnic minorities, people with lower income, never and current smokers, and people with higher
BLL
were less likely to have their hypertension controlled. In men, compared with the lowest quartile of
BLL
(<0.94 μg/dL), the highest 2 quartiles (0.94–1.50 μg/dL, 1.50–2.30 μg/dL) were associated with hypertension (Q2:
OR
, 1.12; 95%
CI
, 0.96–1.30; Q3:
OR
, 1.16; 95%
CI
, 1.01–1.34; Q4:
OR
, 1.25; 95%
CI
, 1.08–1.45), but not in women. In hypertensive men, higher
BLL
was related to uncontrolled hypertension compared with the lowest quartile (Q2:
OR
, 1.34; 95%
CI
, 0.98–1.85; Q3:
OR
, 1.70; 95%
CI
, 1.26–2.30; Q4:
OR
, 1.96; 95%
CI
, 1.45–2.65). In women, the relationship was similar (Q2:
OR
, 1.26; 95%
CI
, 0.95–1.67; Q3:
OR
, 1.48; 95%
CI
, 1.10–2.00; Q4: 1.70; 95%
CI
, 1.26–2.30).

Conclusions

BLL
is associated with higher prevalence of hypertension and uncontrolled hypertension, with more pronounced association in men.
Utilization and Complications of Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Rozen Guy , Elbaz‐Greener Gabby , Marai Ibrahim , Andria Nizar , Hosseini Seyed Mohammadreza , Biton Yitschak , Heist E. Kevin , Ruskin Jeremy N. , Gavrilov Yulia , Carasso Shemy , Ghanim Diab , Amir Offer 
Published: June 2020

Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common and bears a major clinical impact in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). We aimed to investigate the use and real‐world safety of catheter ablation for AF in patients with HCM.

Methods and Results

We drew data from the US National Inpatient Sample to identify cases of AF ablation in HCM patients between 2003 and 2015. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, and incidence of catheter ablation complications, mortality, and length of stay were analyzed, including trends between the early (2003–2008) and later (2009–2015) study years. Among a weighted total of 1563 catheter ablation cases in patients with HCM, the median age was 62 (interquartile range, 52–72), 832 (53.2%) were male, and 1150 (73.6%) were white. The average annual volume of AF ablations in patients with HCM doubled between the early and the later study period (79–156). At least 1 complication occurred in 16.1% of cases, and the in‐hospital mortality rate was 1%. Cardiac and pericardial complications declined from 8.8% to 2.3% and from 2.8% to 0.9%, respectively, between the early and the later study years (
P
<0.01). Independent predictors of complications included female sex (odds ratio [OR], 4.81; 95% CI, 2.72–8.51), diabetes mellitus (OR, 6.57; 95% CI, 2.68–16.09) and obesity (OR, 3.82; 95% CI, 1.61–9.06).

Conclusions
Despite some decline in procedural complications over the years, catheter ablation for AF is still associated with a relatively high periprocedural morbidity and even mortality in patients with HCM. This emphasizes the importance of careful clinical consideration, by an experienced electrophysiologist, in referring patients with HCM for an AF ablation.
Improving Model-Based Genetic Programming for Symbolic Regression of
Small Expressions
Authors: Virgolin M. , Alderliesten T. , Witteveen C. , Bosman P. A. N. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Gene-pool Optimal Mixing Evolutionary Algorithm (GOMEA) is a model-based EA framework that has been shown to perform well in several domains, including Genetic Programming (GP). Differently from traditional EAs where variation acts blindly, GOMEA learns a model of interdependencies within the genotype, that is, the linkage, to estimate what patterns to propagate. In this article, we study the role of Linkage Learning (LL) performed by GOMEA in Symbolic Regression (SR). We show that the non-uniformity in the distribution of the genotype in GP populations negatively biases LL, and propose a method to correct for this. We also propose approaches to improve LL when ephemeral random constants are used. Furthermore, we adapt a scheme of interleaving runs to alleviate the burden of tuning the population size, a crucial parameter for LL, to SR. We run experiments on 10 real-world datasets, enforcing a strict limitation on solution size, to enable interpretability. We find that the new LL method outperforms the standard one, and that GOMEA outperforms both traditional and semantic GP. We also find that the small solutions evolved by GOMEA are competitive with tuned decision trees, making GOMEA a promising new approach to SR.
Stop Signal Task Training Strengthens GABA-mediated Neurotransmission within the Primary Motor Cortex
Authors: Chowdhury Nahian S. , Livesey Evan J. , Harris Justin A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We have recently shown that the efficiency in stopping a response, measured using the stop signal task, is related to GABAA-mediated short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) in the primary motor cortex. In this study, we conducted two experiments on humans to determine whether training participants in the stop signal task within one session (Experiment 1) and across multiple sessions (Experiment 2) would increase SICI strength. For each experiment, we obtained premeasures and postmeasures of stopping efficiency and resting-state SICI, that is, during relaxed muscle activity (Experiment 1, n = 45, 15 male participants) and SICI during the stop signal task (Experiment 2, n = 44, 21 male participants). In the middle blocks of Experiment 1 and the middle sessions of Experiment 2, participants in the experimental group completed stop signal task training, whereas control participants completed a similar task without the requirement to stop a response. After training, the experimental group showed increased resting-state SICI strength (Experiment 1) and increased SICI strength during the stop signal task (Experiment 2). Although there were no overall behavioral improvements in stopping efficiency, improvements at an individual level were correlated with increases in SICI strength at rest (Experiment 1) and during successful stopping (Experiment 2). These results provide evidence of neuroplasticity in resting-state and task-related GABAA-mediated SICI in the primary motor cortex after response inhibition training. These results also suggest that SICI and stopping efficiency are temporally linked, such that a change in SICI between time points is correlated with a change in stopping efficiency between time points.
Task-specific Disruptions in Theta Oscillations during Working Memory for Temporal Order in People with Schizophrenia
Authors: Liu Xiaonan L. , Ranganath Charan , Hsieh Liang-Tien , Hurtado Mitzi , Niendam Tara A. , Lesh Tyler A. , Carter Cameron S. , Ragland J. Daniel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Prior studies demonstrated that neural oscillations are enhanced during working memory (WM) maintenance and that this activity can predict behavioral performance in healthy individuals. However, it is unclear whether the relationship holds for people with WM deficits. People with schizophrenia have marked WM deficits, and such deficits are most prominent when patients are required to process relationships between items, such as temporal order. Here, we used EEG to compare the relationship between oscillatory activity and WM performance in patients and controls. EEG was recorded as participants performed tasks requiring maintenance of complex objects (“Item”) or the temporal order of objects (“Order”). In addition to testing for group differences, we examined individual differences in EEG power and WM performance across groups. Behavioral results demonstrated that patients showed impaired performance on both Item and Order trials. EEG analyses revealed that patients showed an overall reduction in alpha power, but the relationship between alpha activity and performance was preserved. In contrast, patients showed a reduction in theta power specific to Order trials, and theta power could predict performance on Order trials in controls, but not in patients. These findings demonstrate that WM impairments in patients may reflect two different processes: a general deficit in alpha oscillations and a specific deficit in theta oscillations when temporal order information must be maintained. At a broader level, the results highlight the value of characterizing brain–behavior relationships, by demonstrating that the relationship between neural oscillations and WM performance can be fundamentally disrupted in those with WM deficits.
Beckett, Music, Intermediality
Authors: Laws Catherine 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The topic of ‘Beckett and music’ has gained considerable attention in recent years. In previous work I have argued that music in Beckett’s plays does not, as some have suggested, exist beyond or exceed the ambiguities of body, knowledge and subjectivity that are apparent in other aspects of his work, but rather that its use parallels and reinforces these processes. If this kind of intermediality, involving music, operates already in some of Beckett’s work, how does it manifest when musicians work with or in relation to it? This question is addressed through a discussion of John Tilbury’s version of Worstward Ho, for piano, recorded voice and electronics.
Participatory video as a novel recovery-oriented intervention in early psychosis: A pilot study
Authors: MacDougall Arlene G , Kukan Sahana , Price Elizabeth , Glen Sarah , Bird Richelle , Powe Laura , Wiener Joshua C , Lysaker Paul H , Anderson Kelly K , Norman Ross MG 
Published: June 2020

Background: Personal narrative plays an important role in the process of recovery from psychotic illnesses. Participatory video is a novel, active intervention that can be used as a tool for fostering narrative development among people with psychosis. Aim: To assess the feasibility, acceptability and potential clinical utility of participatory video as an innovative tool for promoting recovery in early psychosis. Methods: Ten outpatients of an early psychosis intervention programme were recruited to participate in 13 biweekly workshops to plan, film and produce documentary-style videos of their experiences. Feasibility was measured through recruitment and retention. Acceptability was measured through workshop attendance and client satisfaction. Clinical outcomes were assessed at baseline, post intervention and 3 months post intervention. Results: The participatory video intervention was feasible and associated with a high degree of satisfaction for participants who completed the workshops ( n = 6). At 3-month follow-up, participants exhibited significant reductions ( p < .05) in tension, self-stigma and negative perceptions of hoped-for selves. Conclusions: The findings of this pilot study suggest that participatory video is feasible and acceptable for individuals with early psychosis. This study also provides important pilot data supporting a larger trial investigating the effectiveness of participatory video as a recovery-oriented intervention.
Intravenous dexmedetomidine versus intravenous clonidine for post spinal anesthesia shivering: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Wang Na , Wang Zaitang , Song Xuesong , Wang Jinguo 
Published: June 2020

Background Dexmedetomidine and clonidine are the most extensively studied drugs for shivering treatment, because α2-adrenergic agonists can reduce the shivering threshold. The objective of this meta-analysis was to compare the efficacy and complications of dexmedetomidine with those of clonidine, when used for control of post spinal anesthesia shivering. Methods Electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCT) comparing the effect of dexmedetomidine versus clonidine for control of post spinal anesthesia shivering. The endpoints were effective rate of shivering treatment, time to cease shivering, recurrent rate of shivering and complications. Results Six studies comprising 340 adult patients were included in this meta-analysis. Dexmedetomidine had higher effective rate of shivering treatment (odds ratio [OR]: 4.11, 95% confidence interval (CI): [1.53, 11.07], P = 0.005), shorter time to cease shivering (Mean differences (MD)=–1.91; 95% CI [–3.66, –0.15], P = 0.03), lower recurrent rate of shivering (OR = 0.30; 95% CI [0.12, 0.75], P = 0.01), compared to clonidine. Dexmedetomidine had a lower rate of hypotension and higher incidence of sedation than clonidine. Conclusions Dexmedetomidine is superior to clonidine when used for shivering treatment after spinal anesthesia, because of higher incidence of effective rate and sedation, faster control of shivering, lower incidence of recurrent rate and hypotention.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Balloon Dilation in Treatment of Subglottic Stenosis With a Rabbit Model
Authors: Wistermayer Paul , McIlwain Wesley , Escalante Derek , Rogers Derek J. 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesIdentify the effects of balloon dilation duration and topical ciprofloxacin‐dexamethasone application in treatment of subglottic stenosis.Study DesignRandomized controlled trial.SettingAnimal research facility.Subjects and MethodsForty‐four rabbits underwent subglottic injury in an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee–approved study. One week after injury, the subglottis of each rabbit was measured and treated with endoscopic balloon dilation for 2 rounds of short duration (SBD; 3 seconds), long duration (LBD; 30 seconds), or LBD with topical ciprofloxacin‐dexamethasone application (LBD+C). The subglottis of each rabbit was remeasured at the study endpoint: 1 month postdilation or following development of life‐threatening respiratory distress.ResultsOf 44 rabbits, 35 (80%) survived to endoscopic balloon dilation, with 21 rabbits developing a grade III Cotton‐Myer stenosis. Prior to dilation, there was no difference in stenosis rates among groups (all subjects, P =. 99; grade III stenosis only, P =. 52). Among grade III subjects, improvement in stenosis after dilation was –1% (SD, 21%) for SBD, 27% (SD, 38%) for LBD, and 58% (SD, 29%) for LBD+C (P =. 01). Early euthanasia/death rates among grade III subjects were 85% for SBD, 63% for LBD, and 17% for LBD+C (P =. 03). Time to early euthanasia/death was 5.0 days for the SBD group and 8.4 days for the LBD group (P =. 04).ConclusionSBD was inferior to LBD or LBD+C in multiple metrics. LBD+C offered significant improvements in stenosis size and mortality over the SBD group and had the lowest rate of early mortality. Further research is needed to identify optimal balloon dilation treatment duration.
Subjective Visual Vertical Testing in Patients With Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media
Authors: da Costa Monsanto Rafael , Kasemodel Ana Luiza Papi , Tomaz Andreza , de Oliveira Penido Norma 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo analyze the results of the subjective visual vertical test using the “bucket method” in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM).Study DesignCross‐sectional, controlled study.SettingOutpatient otology clinic in a tertiary care hospital.Subjects and MethodsPatients had CSOM, defined as the presence of chronic infection or inflammation of the middle ear cleft, associated with a perforation of the tympanic membrane, frequent or intractable middle ear suppuration, with or without cholesteatoma. Controls were selected using a nonprobability, purposive sampling method. We excluded patients with neurologic or metabolic diseases, cognitive deficits, otosclerosis, vestibular migraine, Ménière’s disease, past use of ototoxic medication, or head and neck cancer. The volunteers were subjected to the subjective visual vertical test using the “bucket method.” The results obtained in our study and control groups were analyzed using nonparametric tests.ResultsOur study comprised 51 patients with CSOM and 50 controls. In the CSOM group, we observed that 72.5% of the patients had vestibular symptoms in the past year, and 70.5% had abnormalities identified in at least 1 vestibular function test. The subjective visual vertical test revealed that patients with CSOM (with and without cholesteatoma) had significantly higher deviations of the true vertical as compared with controls (CSOM, 3.66°; controls, 0.76°; P <. 001).ConclusionOur results revealed that CSOM was associated with high rates of vestibular symptoms, abnormal vestibular function tests, and abnormal subjective vertical visual results.
Identification of 11 Different HPV Subtypes in Adult Patients With Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis
Authors: Hoesli Rebecca C. , Wingo Melissa L. , Richardson Brent E. , Bastian Robert W. 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo define the human papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes seen in a large adult population with traditionally defined recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.Study DesignRetrospective review.SettingTertiary care laryngology practice.Subjects and MethodsAll patients had a firm diagnosis of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis defined by (1) visually obvious papillomas, (2) recurrence requiring multiple surgeries, and (3) pathology diagnosis of “papilloma.” Each patient had also undergone HPV subtyping. Age, sex, presence of malignancy, and HPV subtypes were tabulated and correlated with long‐term patient outcomes.ResultsA total of 184 patients were identified who fulfilled the above criteria. In total, 87.0% (160) had a low risk subtype; 9.2% had an alternative subtype. These consisted of subtypes 16, 18, 31, 44, 45, 55, and 70. Four patients (2.2%) had combinations of subtypes, with 1 patient with HPV 11 and 16, 1 patient with HPV 11 and 76, 1 patient with 11 and 84, and 1 patient with 18 and 45. Finally, 3.8% of patients were HPV negative, despite fulfilling all 3 criteria listed above.ConclusionIn the patient population above, almost 10% of patients had an HPV subtype other than 6 and 11. This suggests that traditionally defined recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) can be caused by HPV subtypes other than 6 and/or 11. In addition, the clinical course of persons with this definition of RRP appears to vary by subtype, and this information may offer the ability to nuance follow‐up instructions, reducing in particular the burden placed upon patients who have RRP caused by subtypes 6 and 11.
Prevalence of Eustachian Tube Dysfunction in the US Elderly Population
Authors: Fischer Jakob L. , Riley Charles A. , Hsieh Mei‐Chin , Marino Michael J. , Wu Xiao‐Cheng , McCoul Edward D. 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) in elderly adults in the United States and its association with other upper aerodigestive inflammatory processes.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingPopulation based.Subjects and MethodsIn total, 147,805 patients without malignancy were compared to 13,804 demographically matched patients with malignancy of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) by querying the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)–Medicare linked database for patients aged 66 to 99 years between 2003 and 2011. The prevalence of ETD and inflammatory diseases among these patients was compared. Association between ETD, other upper aerodigestive inflammatory processes, and UADT malignancies was evaluated.ResultsThe prevalence of ETD was 5.44% among patients without malignancy and 9.08% in those with cancer (odds ratio [OR], 1.73; 95% CI, 1.63‐1.84). Patients with ETD in the control population were more likely (OR, 95% CI) to be diagnosed with chronic rhinitis (5.00, 4.70‐5.33), chronic sinusitis (4.20, 3.98‐4.43), allergic rhinitis (4.27, 4.08‐4.47), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (2.42, 2.31‐2.53). Patients with ETD and chronic rhinitis (1.43, 1.24‐1.65), chronic sinusitis (1.57, 1.38‐1.78), and acute otitis media (1.33, 1.08‐1.65) were associated with higher rates of UADT malignancy.ConclusionOver 5% of patients older than 65 in the United States are diagnosed with ETD in the absence of UADT malignancy. Associations between ETD and chronic rhinitis, chronic sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, and GERD in the absence of UADT malignancy suggest that some patients may benefit from treatment of inflammatory disease as a cause of ETD.