bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Drosophila model of Friedreich ataxia with CRISPR/Cas9 insertion of GAA repeats in the frataxin gene reveals in vivo protection by N-acetyl cysteine
Authors: Russi Maria , Martin Elodie , D’Autréaux Benoit , Tixier Laura , Tricoire Hervé , Monnier Véronique 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Friedreich ataxia (FA) is caused by GAA repeat expansions in the first intron of FXN, the gene encoding frataxin, which results in decreased gene expression. Thanks to the high degree of frataxin conservation, the Drosophila melanogaster fruitfly appears as an adequate animal model to study this disease and to evaluate therapeutic interventions. Here, we generated a Drosophila model of FA with CRISPR/Cas9 insertion of approximately 200 GAA in the intron of the fly frataxin gene fh. These flies exhibit a developmental delay and lethality associated with decreased frataxin expression. We were able to bypass preadult lethality using genetic tools to overexpress frataxin only during the developmental period. These frataxin-deficient adults are short-lived and present strong locomotor defects. RNA-Seq analysis identified deregulation of genes involved in amino-acid metabolism and transcriptomic signatures of oxidative stress. In particular, we observed a progressive increase of Tspo expression, fully rescued by adult frataxin expression. Thus, Tspo expression constitutes a molecular marker of the disease progression in our fly model and might be of interest in other animal models or in patients. Finally, in a candidate drug screening, we observed that N-acetyl cysteine improved the survival, locomotor function, resistance to oxidative stress and aconitase activity of frataxin-deficient flies. Therefore, our model provides the opportunity to elucidate in vivo, the protective mechanisms of this molecule of therapeutic potential. This study also highlights the strength of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology to introduce human mutations in endogenous orthologous genes, leading to Drosophila models of human diseases with improved physiological relevance.
Examining the robustness of observational associations to model, measurement and sampling uncertainty with the vibration of effects framework
Authors: Klau Simon , Hoffmann Sabine , Patel Chirag J , Ioannidis John PA , Boulesteix Anne-Laure 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
The results of studies on observational associations may vary depending on the study design and analysis choices as well as due to measurement error. It is important to understand the relative contribution of different factors towards generating variable results, including low sample sizes, researchers’ flexibility in model choices, and measurement error in variables of interest and adjustment variables.

Methods
We define sampling, model and measurement uncertainty, and extend the concept of vibration of effects in order to study these three types of uncertainty in a common framework. In a practical application, we examine these types of uncertainty in a Cox model using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. In addition, we analyse the behaviour of sampling, model and measurement uncertainty for varying sample sizes in a simulation study.

Results
All types of uncertainty are associated with a potentially large variability in effect estimates. Measurement error in the variable of interest attenuates the true effect in most cases, but can occasionally lead to overestimation. When we consider measurement error in both the variable of interest and adjustment variables, the vibration of effects are even less predictable as both systematic under- and over-estimation of the true effect can be observed. The results on simulated data show that measurement and model vibration remain non-negligible even for large sample sizes.

Conclusion
Sampling, model and measurement uncertainty can have important consequences for the stability of observational associations. We recommend systematically studying and reporting these types of uncertainty, and comparing them in a common framework.
Population-based organized screening by faecal immunochemical testing and colorectal cancer mortality: a natural experiment
Authors: Keys Matthew T , Serra-Burriel Miquel , Martínez-Lizaga Natalia , Pellisé Maria , Balaguer Francesc , Sánchez Ariadna , Bernal-Delgado Enrique , Castells Antoni 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Population-based organized screening programmes for colorectal cancer (CRC) are underway worldwide, with many based on the faecal immunochemical test (FIT). No clinical trials assessing FIT compared with no screening are planned, and few studies have assessed the population impact of such programmes.

Methods
Before 2010, 11 out of 50 Spanish provinces initiated population-based organized screening programmes with FIT for an average-risk population aged 50–69 years. We used a quasi-experimental design across Spanish provinces between 1999 and 2016 to evaluate their impact on population age-standardized mortality and incidence rates due to CRC. Difference-in-differences and synthetic control analyses were performed to test for validation of statistical assumptions and to assess the dynamics of screening-associated changes in outcomes over time.

Results
No differences in outcome trends between exposed (n = 11) and control (n = 36) provinces were observed for up to 7 years preceding the implementation of screening. Relative to controls, exposed provinces experienced a mean increase in age-standardized incidence of 10.08% [95% confidence interval (CI) (5.09, 15.07)] 2 years after implementation, followed by a reduction in age-standardized mortality rates due to CRC of 8.82% [95% CI (3.77, 13.86)] after 7 years. Results were similar for both women and men. No associated changes were observed in adjacent age bands not targeted by screening, nor for 10 other major causes of death in the exposed provinces.

Conclusions
FIT-based organized screening in Spain was associated with reductions in population colorectal cancer mortality. Further research is warranted in order to assess the replicability and external validity of our findings, and on gender-specific use of FIT in organized screening.
Culture, meat, and cultured meat
Authors: Bryant Christopher J 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Cultured meat grown in vitro from animal cells has the potential to address many of the ethical, environmental, and public health issues associated with conventional meat production. However, as well as overcoming technical challenges to producing cultured meat, producers and advocates of the technology must consider a range of social issues, including consumer appeal and acceptance, media coverage, religious status, regulation, and potential economic impacts. Whilst much has been written on the prospects for consumer appeal and acceptance of cultured meat, less consideration has been given to the other aspects of the social world that will interact with this new technology. Here, each of these issues is considered in turn, forming a view of cultured meat as a technology with a diverse set of societal considerations and far-reaching social implications. It is argued that the potential gains from a transition to cultured meat are vast, but that cultural phenomena and institutions must be navigated carefully for this nascent industry to meet its potential.
Demography and Mass Rearing ofAmblyseius swirskii(Acari: Phytoseiidae) Fed on Two Species of Stored-Product Mites and Their Mixture
Authors: Asgari Faeze , Moayeri Hamid Reza Sarraf , Kavousi Aurang , Enkegaard Annie , Chi Hsin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAmblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) is one of the most important biological control agents and has been used in many countries. In this study, the suitability of Carpoglyphus lactis L. (Acari: Carpoglyphidae), Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank), and their mixture for rearing A. swirskii was evaluated by using the two-sex life table. When reared on C. lactis, the durations of egg, deutonymph, total preadult, total preoviposition period, and adult male longevity of A. swirskii (1.95, 1.17, 6.13, 6.30, and 10.09 d, respectively) were significantly shorter than those reared on the mixed prey (2.05, 1.45, 6.55, 6.64, and 15.56 d, respectively). When reared on the mixed prey, however, the fecundity (110.21 eggs/female) of A. swirskii was significantly higher in comparison with those solely reared on C. lactis (82.17 eggs/female) or on T. putrescentiae (98.23 eggs/female). When reared on the mixed diet, the intrinsic rate of increase (r = 0.3792 d−1), finite rate of population increase (λ = 1.4611 d−1), and net reproductive rate (R0 = 79.69 offspring) of A. swirskii were significantly higher than those on single-species diets. For a daily production of 10,000 eggs of A. swirskii, a smaller population size (2,626 individuals) of A. swirskii is needed when reared on the mixed diet, in contrast to the 4,332 individuals on C. lactis and 3,778 individuals on T. putrescentiae. The population projection and mass-rearing analysis based on life table showed that the mixed diet was the most suitable and economical diet for the mass-rearing of A. swirskii.
Effects of Storage Periods of an Artificial Larval Diet on the Yield and Quality of Mass-Reared West Indian Sweet Potato Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Misa Kinjo , Himuro Chihiro , Honma Atsushi , Ikegawa Yusuke , Ohishi Tsuyoshi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Artificial diets have been employed for the mass-rearing of numerous insects because of their ease of use and standardized quality. An ability to store artificial diets under nonrefrigerated conditions over the long term could improve the efficacy of mass-rearing systems considerably. However, it remains largely unknown how long artificial diets can be stored at such temperatures without any adverse effects on the insects reared. In this study, we investigated yield, body size, and reproductive potential of West Indian sweet potato weevil, Euscepes postfasciatus (Fairmaire), which is a major sweet potato pest, under management using the sterile-insect technique in Japan and reared using artificial diets with different storage periods (14, 28, and 42 d) at nonrefrigerated temperatures (25 ± 1°C), and compared them with those of the control (0 d). Notably, E. postfasciatus yield and reproductive potential increased significantly with an increase in storage period (28 and 42 d). Conversely, male body size decreased significantly following feeding with artificial diet stored for 42 d, when compared with the control, while there were no significant differences in female body size between the control and all the treatments. We discuss the potential causes of such varying effects between yield and body size and conclude that E. postfasciatus artificial diet can be stored for at least 28 d without any adverse effects on weevil yield and weevil quality. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report revealing the positive effects of long-term storage of the artificial diet on mass-reared insects.
Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) Communities Differ Between a Game Preserve and Nearby Natural Areas in Northern Florida
Authors: McGregor Bethany L , Blackburn Jason K , Wisely Samantha M , Burkett-Cadena Nathan D 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Culicoides Latreille biting midges are small hematophagous flies that feed on a variety of vertebrate animals. White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), a farmed species in the United States, can occur at high densities on farms. This elevated density of available hosts may result in greater abundance of midges and greater potential for disease transmission on farms than natural ecosystems. This research aimed to determine whether Culicoides abundance varied between a game preserve in Gadsden County, Florida, a site bordering the preserve (‘adjacent’), a site 3.5 km away (‘moderate’), and a site 13 km away (‘distant’). CDC light traps were set one night per week at the preserve, adjacent site, and moderate site in 2016 and at all four sites in 2017. Total abundance was greatest at the preserve and second greatest at the adjacent site both years. Average abundance of female Culicoides stellifer (Coquillett) was an order of magnitude greater on the preserve (x¯=24.59 in 2016, 17.95 in 2017) than at any other site (x¯≤1.68 in 2016, x¯≤1.03 in 2017), whereas the greatest average abundance of Culicoides venustus Hoffman was found at the adjacent site (x¯=5.15 in 2016, x¯=1.92 in 2017). Distance from the preserve significantly affected overall average abundance for both species (P &lt; 0.001), although pairwise significance varied. Species diversity was lowest on the preserve and highest at the moderate site both years. These data suggest that high densities of animals may increase transmission potential on high fence preserves and in adjacent areas by contributing to high densities of vector species.
Experimental evidence for weakened tree nutrient use and resorption efficiencies under severe drought in a subtropical monsoon forest
Authors: Xu Xiao-Ni , Xia Jian-Yang , Zhou Xu-Hui , Yan Li-Ming 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Aims
The functions of global forests are threatened by the increasing frequency of severe drought. Due to drought inducing reductions in soil nutrient availability, efficiencies of nutrient use and resorption of trees become crucial for forest functions and biogeochemical cycles. However, understanding the dynamics of responses of foliar nutrient use and resorption efficiencies to drought, especially in tropical or subtropical forests, is still limited. Our goal was to detect whether and how the importance of leaf nutrient use and resorption changes across different species in the hot and wet forests when suffering drought stress in different months.

Methods
Based on a 70% throughfall exclusion experiment in a subtropical forest, we collected green and senesced leaves of Schima superba and Lithocarpus glaber in different months from October 2016 to May 2019, to estimate the effects of drought on leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) use and resorption efficiencies (i.e. NUE and PUE, NRE and PRE).

Important Findings
The effects of drought on nutrient use and resorption efficiencies varied between species and months. Based on a 2-year observation, drought had no effect on S. superba, but significantly decreased NUE, NRE and PRE of L. glaber by 3.4%, 20.2% and 7.1%, respectively. Furthermore, the negative drought effects were aggravated by the natural summer drying in 2017. As a result, NUE and PUE of L. glaber were significantly depressed by 17.2% and 58.1%, while NRE and PRE were significantly reduced by 56.5% and 53.8% in August 2017. Moreover, the responses of NRE, PRE and NUE to drought were related with soil moisture (SM) for L. glaber, and when SM decreased to a threshold near 9 v/v%, drought effects were shifted from unresponsive to negative. Our results highlight a species-specific threshold response of nutrient use under drought in a subtropical forest.
The balancing act of organizing professionals and managers: An ethnographic account of nursing role development and unfolding nurse-manager relationships
Authors: van Schothorst-van Roekel Jannine , Weggelaar-Jansen Anne Marie J W M , de Bont Antoinette A , Wallenburg Iris 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Scholars describe organizing professionalism as ‘the intertwinement of professional and organizational logics in one professional role’. Organizing professionalism bridges the gap between the often-described conflicting relationship between professionals and managers. However, the ways in which professionals shape this organizing role in daily practice, and how it impacts on their relationship with managers has gained little attention. This ethnographic study reveals how nurses shape and differentiate themselves in organizing roles. We show that developing a new nurse organizing role is a balancing act as it involves resolving various tensions concerning professional authority, task prioritization, alignment of both intra- and interprofessional interests, and internal versus external requirements. Managers play an important yet ambiguous role in this development process as they both cooperate with nurses in aligning organizational and nursing professional aims, and sometimes hamper the development of an independent organizing nursing role due to conflicting organizational concerns.
The Supraorbital Eyebrow Craniotomy for Intra- and Extra-Axial Brain Tumors: A Single-Center Series and Technique Modification
Authors: Ansari Shaheryar F , Eisenberg Amy , Rodriguez Amanda , Barkhoudarian Garni , Kelly Daniel F 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The supraorbital (SO) eyebrow craniotomy provides minimally invasive access to the anterior and middle fossae and parasellar region.

OBJECTIVE
To present a series of patients treated with the SO approach to assess outcomes, the impact of endoscopy, and describe a modified pericranial flap aimed at reducing postoperative frontalis paresis and hypesthesia.

METHODS
A retrospective analysis was undertaken of our prospective database of patients who underwent SO craniotomy for tumor/cyst removal. Patients were evaluated based on pathology, utility of endoscopy, extent of resection, complications, and functional/esthetic recovery.

RESULTS
From 2007 to 2018, 129 operations were performed in 117 patients (54% women; mean age 60 ± 16.5 yr). The most common lesions were meningiomas (43%), gliomas (15%), and metastases (15%). Prior surgery and/or radiation had been performed in 37% and 26% of patients, respectively. Endoscopy was used in 76 (61%) operations and allowed more complete tumor removal in 38 (50%). For first-time operations, gross-total removal was achieved in 78%. Major complications included stroke (3%), cranial nerve deficit (3%), acute hematoma (1%), and cerebrospinal fluid leak (1%). The modified pericranial flap technique used in 18 recent patients resulted in a shorter duration of transient frontalis paresis and forehead hypesthesia with complete functional recovery in all 18.

CONCLUSION
The SO craniotomy is an effective keyhole approach for intra- and extra-axial tumors. Endoscopic assistance may allow additional tumor removal in almost 30% of the cases. The modified pericranial flap appears to accelerate functional recovery, although additional patients and follow-up are required to better assess this technique.
Use of Navigated Ultrasonic Bone Cutting Tool for En Bloc Resection of Thoracic Chondrosarcoma: Technical Report
Authors: Vedantam Aditya , Vigneswaran Krishanthan , Rao Ganesh , Walsh Garrett L , Rhines Laurence D , Tatsui Claudio E 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
En bloc surgical resection with wide margins offers the best local control rates for chondrosarcoma of the spine.

OBJECTIVE
To describe the surgical technique for en bloc resection of a large thoracic chondrosarcoma using image guidance for a complex osteotomy with an ultrasonic bone cutting device (Misonix, Farmingdale, New York).

METHODS
A 2-stage procedure was performed for resection of a thoracic chondrosarcoma involving the T3-T7 vertebral bodies. During the first stage, a posterior approach, the ultrasonic bone cutter was precisely navigated to perform an intralaminar osteotomy as well as a multilevel split sagittal osteotomy through the vertebral bodies. In the second stage, a transthoracic approach was used to complete the en bloc resection of the specimen. Intraoperative frozen sections from the surgical margins were negative for tumor.

RESULTS
The ultrasonic bone cutting device was navigated based on coregistration of the intraoperative computed tomography (CT) images and preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Real-time navigation using coregistered images enabled identification of tumor margins within the bone and adjacent soft tissue allowing precise execution of the intralaminar and multilevel split sagittal vertebral osteotomies. Surgical video demonstrates the utility of real-time navigation to properly identify the tumor margins and guide the ultrasonic bone cutting tool during the osteotomies.

CONCLUSION
We describe the use of image guidance to navigate an ultrasonic bone cutting tool for a complex en bloc resection of a multilevel thoracic spine chondrosarcoma.
Role Variations and Perceptions of Campus Police versus Local and State Law Enforcement
Authors: Youstin Tasha J , Kopp Phillip M 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this article was to explore potential variations in students’ perceptions towards campus police (CP) roles and behaviours as compared with local and state law enforcement (LSLE). This study used a web-based survey to solicit responses from (n = 995) students. Results showed that students perceived traditional policing roles of higher import to LSES while rating campus-specific roles higher for CP. However, rank order of roles revealed remarkable similarities between policing agencies. Additionally, CP were perceived more favourably in terms of their behaviour, with similar participant characteristics predicting perceptions of CP and LSLE. Interactions with LSLE significantly affected perceptions of CP behaviour and vice versa, indicating a lack of distinction between CP and LSLE. While prior research suggests that CP is marginalized, the current analysis offers support that differences in role importance between CP and LSLE may be due to the unique needs of college campuses.
Statistical pattern recognition reveals shared neural signatures for displaying and recognizing specific facial expressions
Authors: Volynets Sofia , Smirnov Dmitry , Saarimäki Heini , Nummenmaa Lauri 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHuman neuroimaging and behavioural studies suggest that somatomotor ‘mirroring’ of seen facial expressions may support their recognition. Here we show that viewing specific facial expressions triggers the representation corresponding to that expression in the observer’s brain. Twelve healthy female volunteers underwent two separate fMRI sessions: one where they observed and another where they displayed three types of facial expressions (joy, anger and disgust). Pattern classifier based on Bayesian logistic regression was trained to classify facial expressions (i) within modality (trained and tested with data recorded while observing or displaying expressions) and (ii) between modalities (trained with data recorded while displaying expressions and tested with data recorded while observing the expressions). Cross-modal classification was performed in two ways: with and without functional realignment of the data across observing/displaying conditions. All expressions could be accurately classified within and also across modalities. Brain regions contributing most to cross-modal classification accuracy included primary motor and somatosensory cortices. Functional realignment led to only minor increases in cross-modal classification accuracy for most of the examined ROIs. Substantial improvement was observed in the occipito-ventral components of the core system for facial expression recognition. Altogether these results support the embodied emotion recognition model and show that expression-specific somatomotor neural signatures could support facial expression recognition.