bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic Postoperative Pain: Comprehending It to Intervene
Authors: Oliveira Lorraine Ariel Duarte , Rocha Carolina Alves Araújo , Silva Ledismar José 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIt is estimated that between 266.2 and 359.5 million operations were performed in 2012 worldwide, and this number is on the rise. Chronic postoperative pain (CPOP) is the most important and still neglected postoperative complication, with a multifactorial causality, leading to a major impact on morbidity rates, high costs for the public health system, and direct and negative effects on the quality of life of the patients. The present systematic literature review aimed to elucidate the processes of postoperative pain chronification, biopsychosocial factors, risk factors, management of pain, and types of surgical procedures mainly associated with it. The review was based on the methodological recommendations of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The following databases were consulted: the Medical Literature, Analysis, and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). After reading the selected articles, the following surgical specialties were chosen to be addressed: general, orthopedics, breast cancer, gynecology, obstetrics, and thoracic. In conclusion, a deficient management of acute postoperative pain is the main risk factor for the development of CPOP. To prevent CPOP, training programs for healthcare professionals should be implemented to improve their skills and knowledge of the management of pain before, during, and after surgeries. It is also necessary to conduct more in-depth studies on the evaluation and management of this condition.
Final report of the key comparison of Vickers hardness: APMP.M.H-K1.b and APMP.M.H-K1.c
Authors: Hattori Koichiro , Wu Chung-Lin , Tak Nae-Hyung , Yang Ping , Sanponpute Tassanai , Leung Raymond , Ha Pham Thanh , Takagi Satoshi 
Published: February 2020

This report describes the results of first APMP key comparison on Vickers hardness, APMP.M.H-K1b and APMP.M.H-K1c involving Seven member institutes, CMS/ITRI (Chinese Taipei), KRISS (Korea, Republic of), NIM (China), NMIJ/AIST (Japan), NIMT (Thailand), SCL (Hong Kong, China) and VMI (Vietnam). The pilot laboratory was NMIJ/AIST. Three institute, KRISS, NIM and NMIJ/AIST, act as linking institutes to the key comparisons CCM.H-K1b and CCM.H-K1c conducted for the Vickers hardness scales HV1 and HV30, respectively.
The comparison was also conducted for HV 10 Vickers hardness scales and it was conducted as the supplemental comparison item.
The comparison item is Vickers hardness for 200 HV 1, 200 HV 10, 200 HV 30, 600 HV 1, 600 HV 10, 600 HV 30, 900 HV 1, 900 HV 10, and 900 HV 30. Through this comparison, the results for 200 HV 1, 600 HV 1 and 900 HV 1 scales are linked to CCM.H-K1b, and the results for 200 HV 30, 600 HV 30 and 900 HV 30 scales are linked to CCM.H-K1c. The reference values were calculated by using weighted mean from the results of the institutes. The Degree of Equivalence (DoE) was indicated by the relative deviation from the reference values. All institute results showed in good agreement to the key comparison reference values of CCM.H-K1b and CCM.H-K1c.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
A practical quantification of error sources in regional-scale airborne groundwater salinity mapping
Authors: King Jude , Essink Gualbert Oude , Karaoulis Marios , Bierkens Marc F P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Hosting over 10% of the world’s population, low elevation (<10 m above mean sea-level) coastal zones are susceptible to saline groundwater intrusion—making fresh groundwater an often scarce and threatened commodity. To inform suitable coastal groundwater management strategies, regional-scale mapping of fresh and saline groundwater occurrence is extremely beneficial. This mapping is usually based on conventional ground-based methods. However, these are not only slow and expensive, but result in localized and disconnected information which is uneconomical and impractical on the larg scales required. Airborne electromagnetic (AEM) surveys have been proven a frugal and rapid way to overcome these shortcomings. Consequently, AEM methods are increasingly being used globally. Little is known about the effects of flightline spacing and additional ground-based data on the quality of mapping results, and in general the accuracy of AEM, other than validation against often sparse ground measurements. Understanding this is therefore invaluable as input to groundwater management strategies, survey planning and decision making. Here, we use a regional scale (900 km2), high-resolution (50 m × 50 m × 0.5 m) 3D synthetic model of electrical conductivity and geological properties, to investigate the effects of data availability on the accuracy of regional-scale groundwater salinity mapping. This was undertaken by simulating commonly used AEM parameters and realistic data acquisition methods. Two key data components are considered: (1) the AEM survey itself, and (2) geological information used to convert the AEM results into groundwater salinity. Spatially, different data-densities of these two components are quantitatively compared to highlight ideal geometrical configurations for given accuracy requirements. Our results indicate that in terms of optimising costs versus benefits, the value of additional lithological information is dependent on how well the initial distribution of electrical conductivity is resolved by the acquisition and inversion process.
Silicone elastomers filled with rare earth oxides
Authors: Iacob Mihail , Airinei Anton , Asandulesa Mihai , Dascalu Mihaela , Tudorachi Nita , Hernandez Leonor , Cazacu Maria 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Silicones which possess, amongst others, remarkable mechanical properties, thermal stability over a wide range of temperatures and processability, and rare earth oxides (REO), known for their unique optic, magnetic and catalytic properties can be coupled into multifunctional composite materials (S-REOs). In addition, the intrinsic hydrophobicity of REO and polysiloxanes makes them easily compatible without the need for surface treatments of the former. Thus, europium oxide (Eu2O3), gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) and dysprosium oxide (Dy2O3) in amounts of 20 pph are incorporated as fillers into silicone matrices, followed by processing mixture as thin films and crosslinking at room temperature. The analysis of the obtained films reveals the changes induced by these fillers in the thermal, mechanical, dielectric and optical properties, as well as the hydrophobicity of the silicones. The luminescence properties of S-REO composites were investigated by fluorescence spectra and lifetime - resolved measurements with a multiemission peaks from blue to greenish register. The thermogravimetrical analysis indicates an increasing of thermal stability of the composites that contain REO, compared to pure silicone. As expected, the dielectric permittivity significantly increased due to nature of the fillers, while the dielectric loss values are relatively low for all samples, indicating a minimal conversion of electrical energy in the form of heat within bulk composites. The presence of rare earth oxides into the silicone matrix facilitates the motions of long-range charge carriers through the network resulting in higher values of conductivity of the composite films. The stress-strain measurements revealed the reinforcing effect of the rare earth metal oxides on a silicone matrix, leading to a significant increase of Young modulus. The known hydrophobicity of silicones is further enhanced by the presence of REO.
Optoelectronic properties for the compressively strained Ge1−xSnx films grown on Ge(004)
Authors: Tao Ping , Tang Wenchao , Wang Yan , Shi Jianxin , Cheng Henry H , Wu Xiaoshan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Compressively strained Ge1-xSnx films (x = 0.04, 0.08, 0.14) have been grown on Ge(004) substrates by Molecular Beam Epitaxy. The wavelength dependence of the refractive index is deduced as

n

(
x
,
λ
)

=

n

Ge

(
λ
)

+

(
‐
2
+
3.5
λ
)

x
+
5

(
1
‐
λ
)

x

2

in the near-infrared range (NIR) (800–1700 nm) for Ge1-xSnx alloy films. That is similar to Si1-xGex alloy films. The Hall measurement shows that the donor levels decrease due to dislocation at room temperature. Temperature dependence of the electron mobility for Ge1-xSnx films reveals that strain-induced defects lower the carrier mobility from 10 K to 310 K. The maximum carrier mobility reaches 2082 cm2/V·s at T = 122 K for Ge0.96Sn0.04/Ge film. These results indicate that Sn-doping has great influences on electronic properties for Ge1-xSnx alloys. Our investigations may be helpful for fabricating the high performance optoelectronic devices.
Superior strength-ductility combination of a Co-rich CoCrNiAlTi high-entropy alloy at room and cryogenic temperatures
Authors: Du X H , Huo X F , Chang H T , Li W P , Duan G S , Huang J C , Wu B L , Zou N F , Zhang L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In the present study, a Co-rich CoCrNi-AlTi high-entropy alloy was designed and fabricated by hot forging and 700 °C for 8 h annealing process. The microstructure of the resultant alloy was composed of three multicomponent-phases with the face-centered cubic (FCC) structure, hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structure and L12 structure, respectively. The alloy exhibited a remarkable combination of tensile yield strength (gigapascal scale) and plasticity (uniform strain over 30%) at both room and cryogenic temperatures. The cooperative operation of multiple mechanisms consisting of refined-grain strengthening, second-phase strengthening, precipitation strengthening, stacking faults and phase-transformation toughening was suggested to be responsible for the excellent mechanical response.
Effects of particulate agglomerated degree on deformation behaviors and mechanical properties of in-situ ZrB2 nanoparticles reinforced AA6016 matrix composites by finite element modeling
Authors: Sun Yue , Zhao Yutao , Wu Jili , Kai Xizhou , Zhang Zhenyu , Fang Zheng , Xia Chaoyi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this paper, both the tensile deformation behaviors and mechanical properties of in situ ZrB2 nanoparticles reinforced AA6016 matrix composites are investigated with finite element analysis. For the modeling, the volume fraction of nano ZrB2 particles is defined by combining cluster sizes with particulate agglomerated degree which was observed in the agglomeration clustered regions by experiments. The effects of clusters on the mechanical behaviors of composites are disclosed according to qualify mechanical behaviors of local particulate agglomeration. The results indicate that finite element analysis is performed to predict the Young’s modulus of composites, which is in good agreement with the experimental results. In addition, the speed of stress concentration is faster when the agglomerated degree elevates, which minimizes elongation of composites under the same particle volume fraction. Likewise, under the same agglomerated degree, the higher particle volume fraction of composites triggers the reduction of elongation.
Pre-breakdown phenomena in hydrocarbon liquids in a point-plane gap under step voltage. Part 2: behaviour under negative polarity and comparison with positive polarity
Authors: Lundgaard Lars , Linhjell Dag , Hestad Øystein L , Unge Mikael , Hjortstam Olof 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This study addresses the dielectric performance of nonpolar hydrocarbon liquids and mineral oils under negative polarity stress. Stopping length for non-breakdown streamers, breakdown voltages and velocities for various pre-breakdown streamer modes have been studied for a selection of model liquids (cyclohexane and white oils), for a gas to liquid oil, and a refined naphthenic transformer oil. Studies of propagation modes were done using an 80 mm point to plane gap and a step voltage with 0.5 μs rise time. Light emission and pre-breakdown currents have been recorded and instantaneous velocities have been derived from images of propagating streamers. Compared to positive polarity, there are less differences in streamer behaviour in the oils examined under negative polarity. Breakdown voltages and acceleration voltages are higher for negative streamers than for positive ones, while their propagation velocities are lower. While propagation modes for positive voltages are quite distinct, the mode changes for negative ones are more gradual. The behaviour of both positive and negative streamers is in line with the hypothesis that the propagation is governed by electron avalanches and quantum chemical properties of liquid components.
Targeted enrichment of 28Si thin films for quantum computing
Authors: Tang K , Kim H S , Ramanayaka A N , Simons D S , Pomeroy J M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We report on the growth of isotopically enriched 28Si epitaxial films with precisely controlled enrichment levels, ranging from natural abundance ratio of 92.2% all the way to 99.99987% (0.832 × 10−6 mol mol−1 29Si). Isotopically enriched 28Si is regarded as an ideal host material for semiconducting quantum computing due to the lack of 29Si nuclear spins. However, the detailed mechanisms for quantum decoherence and the exact level of enrichment needed for quantum computing remain unknown. Here we use hyperthermal energy ion beam deposition with silane gas to deposit epitaxial 28Si. We switch the mass selective magnetic field periodically to control the 29Si concentration. We develop a model to predict the residual 29Si isotope fraction based on deposition parameters and measure the deposited film using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The measured 29Si concentrations show excellent agreement with the prediction, deviating on average by only 10%.
Maupertuis-Hamilton least action principle in the space of variational parameters for Schrödinger dynamics; A dual time-dependent variational principle
Authors: Takatsuka Kazuo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Time-dependent variational principle (TDVP) provides powerful methods in solving the time-dependent Schröinger equation. As such Kan developed a TDVP (Kan 1981 Phys. Rev. A 24, 2831) and found that there is no Legendre transformation in quantum variational principle, suggesting that there is no place for the Maupertuis reduced action to appear in quantum dynamics. This claim is puzzling for the study of quantum–classical correspondence, since the Maupertuis least action principle practically sets the very basic foundation of classical mechanics. Zambrini showed within the theory of stochastic calculus of variations that the Maupertuis least action principle can lead to the Nelson stochastic quantization theory (Zambrini 1984 J. Math. Phys.
25, 1314). We here revisit the basic aspect of TDVP and reveal the hidden roles of Maupertuis-Hamilton least action in the Schrödinger wavepacket dynamics. On this basis we propose a dual least (stationary) action principle, which is composed of two variational functionals; one responsible for ‘energy related dynamics’ and the other for ‘dynamics of wave-flow’. The former is mainly a manifestation of particle nature in wave-particle duality, while the latter represents that of matter wave. It is also shown that by representing the TDVP in terms of these inseparably linked variational functionals the problem of singularity, which is inherent to the standard TDVPs, is resolved. The structure and properties of this TDVP are also discussed.
Experience Transforms Conjunctive Object Representations: Neural Evidence for Unitization After Visual Expertise
Authors: Liang Jackson C , Erez Jonathan , Zhang Felicia , Cusack Rhodri , Barense Morgan D 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCertain transformations must occur within the brain to allow rapid processing of familiar experiences. Complex objects are thought to become unitized, whereby multifeature conjunctions are retrieved as rapidly as a single feature. Behavioral studies strongly support unitization theory, but a compelling neural mechanism is lacking. Here, we examined how unitization transforms conjunctive representations to become more “feature-like” by recruiting posterior regions of the ventral visual stream (VVS) whose architecture is specialized for processing single features. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to scan humans before and after visual training with novel objects. We implemented a novel multivoxel pattern analysis to measure a conjunctive code, which represented a conjunction of object features above and beyond the sum of the parts. Importantly, a multivoxel searchlight showed that the strength of conjunctive coding in posterior VVS increased posttraining. Furthermore, multidimensional scaling revealed representational separation at the level of individual features in parallel to the changes at the level of feature conjunctions. Finally, functional connectivity between anterior and posterior VVS was higher for novel objects than for trained objects, consistent with early involvement of anterior VVS in unitizing feature conjunctions in response to novelty. These data demonstrate that the brain implements unitization as a mechanism to refine complex object representations over the course of multiple learning experiences.
Creating benchmark measurements of tropical forest bird communities in large plots
Authors: Robinson W Douglas , Curtis Jenna R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An understanding of how tropical bird communities might respond to climate change and other types of environmental stressors seems particularly urgent, yet we still lack, except for a few sites, even snapshot inventories of avian richness and abundances across most of the tropics. Such benchmark measurements of tropical bird species richness and abundances could provide opportunities for future repeat surveys and, therefore, strong insight into degrees and pace of change in community organization over time. The challenges of creating a network of benchmarked sites include high variation in detectability among species, general rarity of many species that creates hurdles for use of modern bird counting methods aimed at controlling for variation in detectability, and lack of a standardized protocol to create repeatable inventories. We argue that reasonably complete inventories of tropical bird communities require use of multiple survey techniques to provide internal calibrations of abundance estimates and require multiple visits to improve completeness of richness inventories. We suggest that a network of large (50–100 ha) plots scattered across the tropics can also provide insights into geographic variation in and drivers of avian community structure analogous to insights provided by the Smithsonian Center for Tropical Forest Science Forest Global Earth Observatory network of forest dynamics plots. Perhaps most importantly, large plots provide opportunities for use of multiple survey techniques to estimate abundances while also using some exactly repeatable survey techniques that can greatly improve abilities to quantify change over time. We provide guidance on establishment of and survey methods for large tropical bird plots as well as important recommendations for collection and archiving of metadata to safeguard the long-term utility of valuable benchmark data.
Health Services as Credence Goods: a Field Experiment
Authors: Gottschalk Felix , Mimra Wanda , Waibel Christian 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Agency problems are a defining characteristic of healthcare markets. We present the results from a field experiment in the market for dental care: a test patient who does not need treatment is sent to 180 dentists to receive treatment recommendations. In the experiment, we vary the socio-economic status of the patient and whether a second opinion signal is sent. Furthermore, measures of market, practice and dentist characteristics are collected. We observe an overtreatment recommendation rate of 28% and a striking heterogeneity in treatment recommendations. Furthermore, we find significantly fewer overtreatment recommendations for patients with higher socio-economic status compared with lower socio-economic status for standard visits, suggesting a complex role for patients’ socio-economic status. Competition intensity, measured by dentist density, does not have a significant influence on overtreatment. Dentists with shorter waiting times are more likely to propose unnecessary treatment.
Landscape Change and Trade in Ancient Greece: Evidence from Pollen Data
Authors: Izdebski Adam , Słoczyński Tymon , Bonnier Anton , Koloch Grzegorz , Kouli Katerina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this article we use pollen data from six sites in southern Greece to study long-term vegetation change in this region from 1000 BCE to 600 CE. Based on insights from environmental history, we interpret our estimated trends in the regional presence of cereal, olive and vine pollen as proxies for structural changes in agricultural production. We present evidence that there was a market economy in ancient Greece and a major trade expansion several centuries before the Roman conquest. Our results are consistent with auxiliary data on settlement dynamics, shipwrecks and ancient oil and wine presses.
Functional analysis of the agnH gene involved in nicotine-degradation pathways in Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain SCUEC1
Authors: Xia Zhenzhen , Yu Mengfei , Yao Jiacheng , Feng Zhe , Li Dinghua , Liu Tao , Cheng Guojun , He Donglan , Li Xiaohua 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain SCUEC1 is a nicotine-degrading bacterium, which has been recently isolated from the tobacco waste-contaminated field soil. However, the mechanism for nicotine degradation in this strain remains unclear. Here, we analyze the function and biological properties of the agnH gene in the strain SCUEC1. The overexpression of the AgnH protein was detected by SDS-PAGE analysis, and functional insight of the AgnH protein was carried out with monitoring the changes of maleic acid into fumaric acid by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Moreover, the effects of temperature, pH and metal ions on the enzymatic activities of the AgnH protein were also analyzed. The results demonstrated that the agnH gene was successfully ligated to the plasmid pET28a. The optimal condition for the enzymatic activities for the AgnH, approximately 28.0 kDa, was determined as 37 °C, pH 8.0 and 25 µM Mg2+. Conclusively, the agnH gene fulfils an important role in the conversion of maleic acid into fumaric acid involved in nicotine-degradation pathways in Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain SCUEC1.
Social rights and duties in Babeuf and the neo-Babouvists (1786–1848)
Authors: Roza Stéphanie 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This article examines the conception of social rights found in the writings of François-Noël Babeuf in the late eighteenth century and those of his followers, the neo-Babouvists, in the first half of the nineteenth. Both believed that social rights were to be based on natural needs, which they categorized as physical and moral: while physical needs necessitated the right to subsistence, moral needs encompassed the right to education. Babeuf and the neo-Babouvists also believed that social rights were inseparable from principles of equality and the reciprocity of rights and duties among society’s members. The neo-Babouvists developed this notion of reciprocity into the view that labour laws and the right to work constituted the legitimate and reciprocal counterparts of the property rights of employers. This balancing of property rights and workers’ rights was to be provisional, however, pending the transformation of society towards a community of goods.