bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stabilization of Cut Slopes along the Highway by Optimizing Geometry, NH-58, Lesser Himalaya
Authors: Siddique T. , Pradhan S. P. , Das Nani , Anand A. K. , Singh T. N. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The Himalayan ranges are well known for active and incessant slope failures. The network of highways and local roads in the region is under sustained threat of potential fatal landslides. Urban sprawl and increased human intervention increased the vulnerability and probability of sliding to manifolds. Tampering the fragile conditions of the sensitive Himalayan orogen may generate new avenues of slope failures. Road widening and development projects have a close association with slope failures. However, such landslides can be coped with proper geotechnical planning and execution. The slopes along national highway-58 (NH-58) are being excavated for road widening. Large numbers of steep and unstable cut sections were visible soon after the excavation along the highway. The geotechnical assessment has been undertaken to determine stable slope geometry. The profile of existing slopes is modified by creating benches, and safety factor was determined at different overall angle. The optimization of slope geometry suggests that most of the unstable slope may have safety factor of 1.5, by creating benches of 10 m (height), 5 m (span), at an angle of 65°. It can also be inferred from the analysis that the safety factor may be improved from 11.5 to 32.2% for each 5° reduction in the overall slope angle. Certain adverse impacts and future projections of inadequately performed road widening were also discussed in the paper.
Toxin Analysis of Freshwater Cyanobacterial and Marine Harmful Algal Blooms on the West Coast of Florida and Implications for Estuarine Environments
Authors: Metcalf J. S. , Banack S. A. , Wessel R. A. , Lester M. , Pim J. G. , Cassani J. R. , Cox P. A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecent marine and freshwater algal and cyanobacterial blooms in Florida have increased public concern and awareness of the risks posed by exposure to these organisms. In 2018, Lake Okeechobee and the Caloosahatchee river, on the west coast of Florida, experienced an extended bloom of Microcystis spp. and a bloom of Karenia brevis in the coastal waters of the Gulf of Mexico that coincided in the Fort Myers area. Samples from the Caloosahatchee at Fort Myers into Pine Island Sound and up to Boca Grande were collected by boat. High concentrations of microcystin-LR were detected in the cyanobacterial bloom along with brevetoxins in the marine samples. Furthermore, β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) and isomers N-(2-aminoethyl)glycine (AEG) and 2,4-diaminobuytric acid (DAB) were detected in marine diatoms and dinoflagellates, and cyanobacteria of freshwater origin. High freshwater flows pushed the cyanobacterial bloom to barrier island beaches and Microcystis and microcystins could be detected into the marine environment at a salinity of 41 mS/cm. For comparison, in 2019 collections of Dapis (a new generic segregate from Lyngbya) mats from Sarasota showed high concentrations of BMAA, suggesting the possibility of long-term exposure of residents to BMAA. The findings highlight the potential for multiple, potentially toxic blooms to co-exist and the possible implications for human and animal health.
Radiation Oncology Fellowship: a Value-Based Assessment Among Graduates of a Mature Program
Authors: Ito Emma , Moraes Fabio Y. , Ramotar Matthew , Lunsky Isis , Soliman Hany , Catton Charles N. , Kassam Zahra , Morton Gerard , Tosoni Sarah , Gospodarowicz Mary , Wong Rebecca K.S. , Liu Fei-Fei , Chung Peter W. M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe University of Toronto – Department of Radiation Oncology (UTDRO) has had a well-established Fellowship Program for over 20 years. An assessment of its graduates was conducted to evaluate training experience and perceived impact on professional development. Graduates of the UTDRO Fellowship Program between 1991 and 2015 were the focus of our review. Current employment status was collected using online tools. A study-specific web-based questionnaire was distributed to 263/293 graduates for whom active e-mails were identified; questions focused on training experience, and impact on career progression and academic productivity. As a surrogate measure for the impact of UTDRO Fellowship training, a comparison of current employment and scholarly activities of individuals who obtained their Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Canada (FRCPC) designation in Radiation Oncology between 2000 and 2012, with (n = 57) or without (n = 230) UTDRO Fellowship training, was conducted. Almost all UTDRO Fellowship graduates were employed as staff radiation oncologists (291/293), and most of those employed were associated with additional academic (130/293), research (53/293), or leadership (68/293) appointments. Thirty-eight percent (101/263) of alumni responded to the online survey. The top two reasons for completing the Fellowship were to gain specific clinical expertise and exposure to research opportunities. Respondents were very satisfied with their training experience, and the vast majority (99%) would recommend the program to others. Most (96%) felt that completing the Fellowship was beneficial to their career development. University of Toronto, Department of Radiation Oncology Fellowship alumni were more likely to hold university, research, and leadership appointments, and author significantly more publications than those with FRCPC designation without fellowship training from UTDRO. The UTDRO Fellowship Program has been successful since its inception, with the majority of graduates reporting positive training experiences, benefits to scholarly output, and professional development for their post-fellowship careers. Key features that would optimize the fellowship experience and its long-term impact on trainees were also identified.
Tumor-derived neomorphic mutations in ASXL1 impairs the BAP1-ASXL1-FOXK1/K2 transcription network
Authors: Xia Yu-Kun , Zeng Yi-Rong , Zhang Meng-Li , Liu Peng , Liu Fang , Zhang Hao , He Chen-Xi , Sun Yi-Ping , Zhang Jin-Ye , Zhang Cheng , Song Lei , Ding Chen , Tang Yu-Jie , Yang Zhen , Yang Chen , Wang Pu , Guan Kun-Liang , Xiong Yue , Ye Dan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAdditional sex combs-like 1 (ASXL1) interacts with BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) deubiquitinase to oppose the polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1)-mediated histone H2A ubiquitylation. Germline BAP1 mutations are found in a spectrum of human malignancies, while ASXL1 mutations recurrently occur in myeloid neoplasm and are associated with poor prognosis. Nearly all ASXL1 mutations are heterozygous frameshift or nonsense mutations in the middle or to a less extent the C-terminal region, resulting in the production of C-terminally truncated mutant ASXL1 proteins. How ASXL1 regulates specific target genes and how the C-terminal truncation of ASXL1 promotes leukemogenesis are unclear. Here, we report that ASXL1 interacts with forkhead transcription factors FOXK1 and FOXK2 to regulate a subset of FOXK1/K2 target genes. We show that the C-terminally truncated mutant ASXL1 proteins are expressed at much higher levels than the wild-type protein in ASXL1 heterozygous leukemia cells, and lose the ability to interact with FOXK1/K2. Specific deletion of the mutant allele eliminates the expression of C-terminally truncated ASXL1 and increases the association of wild-type ASXL1 with BAP1, thereby restoring the expression of BAP1-ASXL1-FOXK1/K2 target genes, particularly those involved in glucose metabolism, oxygen sensing, and JAK-STAT3 signaling pathways. In addition to FOXK1/K2, we also identify other DNA-binding transcription regulators including transcription factors (TFs) which interact with wild-type ASXL1, but not C-terminally truncated mutant. Our results suggest that ASXL1 mutations result in neomorphic alleles that contribute to leukemogenesis at least in part through dominantly inhibiting the wild-type ASXL1 from interacting with BAP1 and thereby impairing the function of ASXL1-BAP1-TF in regulating target genes and leukemia cell growth.
Assessment of bridge natural frequency as an indicator of scour using centrifuge modelling
Authors: Kariyawasam Kasun D. , Middleton Campbell R. , Madabhushi Gopal , Haigh Stuart K. , Talbot James P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOne of the most prevalent causes of bridge failure around the world is “scour”—the gradual erosion of soil around a bridge foundation due to fast-flowing water. A reliable technique for monitoring scour would help bridge engineers take timely countermeasures to safeguard against failure. Although vibration-based techniques for monitoring structural damage have had limited success, primarily due to insufficient sensitivity, these have tended to focus on the detection of local damage. High natural frequency sensitivity has recently been reported for scour damage. Previous experiments to investigate this have been limited as a result of the cost of full-scale testing and the fact that scaled-down soil-structure models tested outside a centrifuge do not adequately simulate full-scale behaviour. This paper describes the development of what is believed to be the first-ever centrifuge-testing programme to establish the sensitivity of bridge natural frequency to scour. A 1/60 scale model of a two-span integral bridge with 15 m spans was tested at varying levels of scour. For the fundamental mode of vibration, these tests found up to a 40% variation in natural frequency for 30% loss of embedment. Models of three other types of foundation, which represent a shallow pad foundation, a deep pile bent and a deep monopile, were also tested in the centrifuge at different scour levels. The shallow foundation model showed lower frequency sensitivity to scour than the deep foundation models. Another important finding is that the frequency sensitivity to “global scour” is slightly higher than the sensitivity to “local scour”, for all foundation types. The level of frequency sensitivity (3.1–44% per scour depth equivalent to 30% of embedment of scour) detected in this experiment demonstrates the potential for using natural frequency as an indicator of both local and global scour of bridges, particularly those with deep foundations.
The Influence of Tree Diversity on Natural Enemies—a Review of the “Enemies” Hypothesis in Forests
Authors: Staab Michael , Schuldt Andreas 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Natural enemies are an important component for forest functioning. By consuming herbivores, they can be effective top-down regulators of potential pest species. Tree mixtures are generally expected to have larger predator and parasitoid populations compared to monocultures. This assumption is based on the “enemies” hypothesis, a classical ecological concept predicting a positive relationship between plant diversity (and complexity) and natural enemies, which, in turn, should increase top-down control in more diverse environments. However, the “enemies” hypothesis has mostly been tested and supported in relatively simple agricultural ecosystems. Until recently, research in forests was sparse. We summarize the upcoming knowledge-base for forests and identify forest characteristics likely shaping relationships between tree diversity, natural enemies (abundance, species richness, diversity), and top-down control. We further identify possible implications for mixed species forestry and key knowledge gaps.

Recent Findings
Tree diversity (almost exclusively quantified as tree species richness) does not consistently increase enemy abundance, diversity, or result in herbivore control. Tests of the “enemies” hypothesis are largely based on aboveground natural enemies (mainly generalists) and have highly variable outcomes across taxa and study systems, sometimes even finding a decrease in predator diversity with increasing tree diversity. Recurrent effects of tree species identity and composition indicate that a closer focus on tree functional and phylogenetic diversity might help to foster a mechanistic understanding of the specific circumstances under which tree diversity can promote top-down control.

Summary
Our review suggests that the “enemies” hypothesis may not unambiguously apply to forests. With trees as structurally complex organisms, even low-diversity forests can maintain a high degree of habitat heterogeneity and may provide niches for many predator and parasitoid species, possibly blurring correlations between tree and natural enemy diversity. Several further factors, such as latitude, identity effects, intraguild predation, or functional and phylogenetic components of biodiversity, may confound the predictions of the “enemies” hypothesis. We identify topics needing more research to fully understand under which conditions tree diversity increases natural enemy diversity and top-down control—knowledge that will be crucial for forest management.
Numerical and experimental analysis for simulating fuel reactor in chemical looping combustor system
Authors: Ismail Tamer M. , Ding Lu , Ramzy Khaled , Abd El-Salam M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe greenhouse problem has a significant effect on our communities such as, health and climate. Carbon dioxide is one of the main gases that cause global warming. Therefore, CO2 capture techniques have been the focus of attention these days. The chemical looping combustion technique adopted the air reactor and fuel reactor to recycle heat energy. This study presents a numerical and experimental investigation on a fuel reactor in chemical looping combustor (CLC) system. The present numerical model is introduced by the kinetic theory of granular flow and coupled with gas–solid flow with chemical reactions to simulate the combustion of solids in the CLC. The k–ε turbulent model was used to model the gas phase and the particle phase. The developed model simplify the prediction of flow patterns, particle velocities, gas velocities, and composition profiles of gas products and the distribution of heterogeneous reaction rates under the same operating conditions. The predicted and experimental results were compared according to the basis of determination coefficient (R2). In addition the results showed that there is a good agreement between the predicted and experimental data. The value of (R2) for CO, CO2 and CH4 was 0.959, 0.925 and 0.969 respectively. This shows that the present model is a promising simulation for solid particle combustion and gives the power direction for the design and optimization of the CLC systems.
Outcomes from COVID-19 across the range of frailty: excess mortality in fitter older people
Authors: Miles Amy , Webb Thomas E. , Mcloughlin Benjamin C. , Mannan Imran , Rather Arshad , Knopp Paul , Davis Daniel 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Our aim was to quantify the mortality from COVID-19 and identify any interactions with frailty and other demographic factors.

Methods
Hospitalised patients aged ≥ 70 were included, comparing COVID-19 cases with non-COVID-19 controls admitted over the same period. Frailty was prospectively measured and mortality ascertained through linkage with national and local statutory reports.

Results
In 217 COVID-19 cases and 160 controls, older age and South Asian ethnicity, though not socioeconomic position, were associated with higher mortality. For frailty, differences in effect size were evident between cases (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.93–1.12) and controls (HR 1.99, 95% CI 1.46–2.72), with an interaction term (HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.37–0.71) in multivariable models.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that (1) frailty is not a good discriminator of prognosis in COVID-19 and (2) pathways to mortality may differ in fitter compared with frailer older patients.
Geometrical Deposits on Microstructured Surfaces
Authors: Kubyshkina Veronika , Orejon Daniel , Dover Coinneach Mackenzie , Sefiane Khellil 
Published: July 2020

AbstractResearch into evaporating droplets on patterned surfaces has grown exponentially, since the capacity to control droplet morphology has proven to have significant technological utility in emerging areas of fundamental research and industrial applications. Here, we incorporate two interest domains — complex wetting patterns of droplets on structured surfaces and the ubiquitous coffee-ring phenomenon of nanofluids containing dispersed aluminium oxide particles. We lay out the surface design criteria by quantifying the effect of pillar density and shape on the wetting footprint of droplets, yielding complex polygon droplet geometries. Our work is not constrained to pure liquids only, as we delve into the shape selection of particle-laden droplets of different concentrations. We visualise the deposition patterns through microscopy on surfaces exhibiting different features and further establish the ordering of particles on microscale surface asperities. At a high nanofluid concentration, we observe intriguing self-assembly of particles into highly ordered intricate structures. The collective findings of this work have the potential to enhance many industrial technologies, particularly attractive for high performance optical and electrical devices.
Preliminary Take-Off Analysis and Simulation of PrandtlPlane Commercial Aircraft
Authors: Abu Salem K. , Palaia G. , Bianchi M. , Zanetti D. , Cipolla V. , Binante V. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe present paper deals with the take-off performance analysis of PrandtlPlane aircraft. The PrandtlPlane is a Box-Wing configuration based on Prandtl’s “Best Wing System” concept, which minimizes the induced drag once wingspan and lift are given. The take-off dynamics is simulated implementing the non-linear equations of motion in a numerical tool, which adopts a Vortex Lattice Method solver to evaluate the aerodynamics characteristics taking also ground effects into account. The take-off analysis is performed for both a PrandtlPlane and a reference monoplane, with the aim of comparing the performance of the two different architectures. The preliminary results show the potential advantages of the PrandtlPlane, such as runway length reduction and improved passenger comfort.
Complex bubble deformation and break-up dynamics studies using interface capturing approach
Authors: Fan Yuqiao , Fang Jun , Bolotnov Igor 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe dynamics of bubble deformation has significant impacts on two-phase flow fundamentals such as bubble induced turbulence and flow regime transition. Despite the significant progress achieved by experimental studies on bubble deformation, certain limitations still exist especially for wide-range datasets. To significantly expand the flow conditions available from experiments, direct numerical simulation (DNS) is utilized to study the bubble-liquid interactions using finite-element solver with level-set interface capturing method. Different from conventional investigations of bubble rising and deforming in stagnant liquids, a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) bubble controller is leveraged to maintain the bubble location in uniform liquid flow. This paper evaluates the reliability and reproducibility of the PID bubble controller for complex bubble deformation studies through a comprehensive set of verification and validation studies. An improved bubble deformation map is developed, based on Weber number and bubble Reynolds number, showing six zones for different deformation and break-up mechanisms. This research aims at producing virtual experiment level data source using interface resolved DNS and shedding light into the physics of interface dynamics. The insights obtained can be further incorporated in improved multiphase CFD models to guide the engineering designs and industrial processes where bubble deformation and break-up play a pivotal role.
Future preferences and prospection of future of outcomes: Independent yet specific associations with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Kostyrka‐Allchorne Katarzyna , Cooper Nicholas R. , Wass Sam V. , Fenner Benjamin , Gooding Peter , Hussain Sahir , Rao Vidya , Sonuga‐Barke Edmund J.S. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionSymptoms of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct problems have been associated with heightened temporal discounting of reward value resulting in a preference for immediate over delayed outcomes. We examined the cross‐sectional relationship between future preference (including intertemporal choice) and prospection (the ability to bring to mind and imagine the experience of future personally‐relevant events and outcomes) in adolescents with a range of ADHD symptoms and aggressive behaviour.MethodsA combination of behavioural tasks and self‐reports measured intertemporal decision making, individual differences in preference for future outcomes and experience of prospection in a convenience sample of English adolescents aged 11–17 (n = 64, 43.8% males). Parents rated symptoms of ADHD and aggression.Results& Conclusions: Factor analysis identified two factors: “Future Preference” and “Prospection”. Significant negative bivariate correlations were found between ADHD and the scores of both factors and between aggression and Future Preference. A path model confirmed the independent significant association of ADHD with both factors but not with aggression. There was no evidence that Prospection was associated with Future Preference or that it reduced the associations between ADHD symptoms and Future Preference. These results provide further evidence that ADHD is associated with a tendency to prefer immediate over future outcomes. The same association with aggression seemed to be driven by the overlap with ADHD symptoms. We provide some of the first evidence that individuals with high ADHD symptoms have difficulty in prospecting about future episodes. However, this is unrelated to their preference for future outcomes.