bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The consequences of migration for the migrants' parents in Bolivia
Authors: BASTIA TANJA , VALENZUELA CLAUDIA CALSINA , POZO MARIA ESTHER 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe existing literature on transnational care suggests that it is possible to care for ageing parents from afar. However, most of these studies are based on research in higher‐income countries, where families have access to institutional support and where travel and communication networks are generally of high quality. Studies focusing on lower‐income countries of origin have found a greater likelihood of migrants' parents being in a vulnerable situation. Here, though, there has been a preference for focusing on rural areas. In this article, we address this gap by reporting on a research project that spans rural, urban and peri‐urban areas, as well as different migration streams (regional South–South and South–North), and ask how migrants' parents fare during their adult children's absences in a context of very weak institutional support, widespread poverty and inequality. We find that parents in urban and peri‐urban areas are generally better able to negotiate their adult children's absences, while those in rural areas experience an increase in their vulnerability. However, there are also stories that are in tension with these general trends, which indicates that social networks, migrants' destinations and parents' socio‐economic statuses also mediate the availability of transnational care.
Hall technique crowns and children's masseter muscle activity: A surface electromyography pilot study
Authors: Abu Serdaneh Salsabeel , AlHalabi Manal , Kowash Mawlood , Macefield Vaughan , Khamis Ammar H. , Salami Anas , Hussein Iyad 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundHall technique crowns (HTCs) alter the occlusion temporarily, potentially affecting jaw muscles, particularly the masseter – the primary jaw‐closing muscle.AimTo assess masseter muscle activity (MMA) in children treated with a unilateral HTC.DesignIn 12 children treated with a single HTC, bilateral MMA was recorded with surface electromyography (sEMG) for ten cycles of Rest Position (RP) and Maximum Voluntary Clenching (MVC) over 20 seconds immediately pre‐HTC cementation (Pbase), immediately post‐HTC cementation (Pimmed), at 2 weeks post‐HTC cementation (P2w) and at 6 weeks post‐HTC cementation (P6w). t test, ANOVA and post hoc statistics were used (P < .05).ResultsAs expected, MMA was low at rest and increased during maximal jaw clenching (P < .0001). MMA (mean ± SD) increased significantly (P < .001) between RP and MVC at: Pbase [from 1.60 μV·s (±0.96) to 5.40(±2.30)]; Pimmed [1.57(±1.15) to 3.75(±1.87)]; P2w [1.39(±0.54) to 5.54(±1.45)] and finally P6w [1.46(±0.56) to 6.45(±2.56)]. Rest MMA at Pbase, Pimmed, P2w and P6w remained unchanged (P = .18) whereas Pbase clench MMA reduced by a third at Pimmed (P < .001), returned to and exceeded baseline levels at P2w (P = .822) and P6w (P < .001), respectively.ConclusionsThis pilot study showed that Hall technique crowns may affect masseter muscle activity in children. Clench MMA was reduced immediately post‐treatment but returned to and later exceeded baseline levels at 2 and 6 weeks, respectively. Rest MMA remained unchanged.
Porous SiOC monoliths with catalytic activity by in situ formation of Ni nanoparticles in solution‐based freeze casting
Authors: Schumacher Daniel , Wilhelm Michaela , Rezwan Kurosch 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMicro‐ and macroporous monoliths with in situ formed nickel nanoparticles were prepared for the first time by the combination of solution‐based freeze casting and preceramic polymers (methyl polysiloxane). This one‐step process results in macroporous monoliths composed of microporous and catalytic active nickel‐containing polymer‐derived ceramic. Four different complexing and cross‐linking siloxanes with amino functionality were screened for their ability to create small nickel particles. TEM analysis confirmed 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane being most efficient. High BET‐specific surface areas of 344‐461 m2 g−1 were achieved. Increased ratio of complexing groups to nickel improves the dispersion of nickel to (3.61 ± 1.49) nm. The nickel size dependence of conversion (maximum 0.49) and CH4 selectivity (maximum 0.74) in CO2 methanation emphasizes the importance of controlling the nickel size. The hydrophobic surface characteristic is hypothesized to be the main reason polymer‐derived catalysts having better catalytic activity compared with nickel‐impregnated silica. The promising catalytic activity combined with the versatile freeze casting process can prospectively address heat‐ and mass‐transfer considerations in heterogeneous monolith catalysis.
Oral health–related food selectivity among French independently living elders
Authors: Maitre Isabelle , Lourtioux Flore , Picouet Pierre , Braud Adeline 
Published: January 2020

AbstractImpaired oral conditions are described as influencing food intake behaviour and contributing to poor nutritional status in elderly persons. In order to evaluate the influence of age and oral factors on food choice among independently living elderly, we investigated food selectivity and oral health status in elders (aged over 65 years) and in younger people (aged between 35 and 64 years). Food selective behaviour was appraised by using a food selectivity questionnaire based on traditional French dishes. A stepwise binary logistic regression analysis was done to sequentially identify age and oral conditions associated with oral discomfort–related food avoidance. Occlusal status and oral health–related quality of life contributed to food choice. Risk of oral discomfort–related food avoidance was significantly increased in people with fewer than seven occlusal functional units (OFUs) and with Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index summary scores (GOHAI‐ADD) indicating poor and average oral health–related quality of life (P < .05). Age was never a significant factor of food selective behaviour. The present data support the impact of occlusal status and oral health–related quality of life on food behaviour. Specific attention should be given in maintaining or restoring good oral conditions throughout the lifespan, especially occluding teeth.
Unraveling the extreme morphological variation in the neotropical Ficus aurea complex (subg. Spherosuke, sect. Americanae, Moraceae)
Authors: Hernández‐Esquivel Karen Beatriz , Piedra‐Malagón Eva María , Cornejo‐Tenorio Guadalupe , Mendoza‐Cuenca Luis , González‐Rodríguez Antonio , Ruiz‐Sanchez Eduardo , Ibarra‐Manríquez Guillermo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFicus (Moraceae) is one of the most diverse genera of tree species in the world. The subgenus Spherosuke, section Americanae, comprises several species complexes because its diagnostic structures are extremely variable. Currently, neither there is a phylogenetic hypothesis that can help solve the delimitation problems within these complexes nor has an integrative taxonomic approach been developed. In the present study, morphometric methods were applied to solve the taxonomic problems in the Ficus aurea complex. Morphometric variation of syconia and leaves was analyzed to find differences between four previously recognized forms (fo. aurea, fo. cookii, fo. isophlebia, and fo. tuerckheimii). Syconium characters were analyzed using traditional morphometrics, while leaf shape was evaluated with geometric morphometrics, encompassing 20 populations along two‐thirds of the distribution range of the complex. Data sets from syconia and leaves were tested for possible associations with geographic and rainfall variables. There are significant differences between the four forms in syconium characters and leaf shape. Geography and rainfall variables show significant covariation related to the morphometric variation of syconia but not to leaf shape. Consequently, we propose that the four forms should be repositioned into the specific rank. Besides, F. tecolutensis is also recognized as a separated species from form aurea considering Principal Component Analysis, field observations, and herbarium specimens. An identification key, descriptions, as well as taxonomic comments of the species are provided.
Reducing postoperative nausea and vomiting in pediatric patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A quality report
Authors: Muhly Wallis T. , Ganley Theodore , Jantzen Ellen , Browne Patricia , Kerr Joy , Gurnaney Harshad G. , Kraemer Francis Wickham , Galvez Jorge , Keren Ron , Wells Lawrence 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative nausea and vomiting after elective outpatient surgery can complicate discharge and increase patient suffering. Within our hospital system, there was variability in the use of postoperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis for patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, which resulted in variable outcomes. To address this variability, we designed and implemented a standardized postoperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis guideline for the care of this surgical population.AimWe sought to develop and implement a standardized postoperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis guideline for all patients presenting for elective ambulatory anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with the goal of reducing the rate of emesis to ≤5%.MethodsWe convened a multidisciplinary team to develop a postoperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis guideline which included administration of dexamethasone, ondansetron, and a low‐dose propofol infusion in addition to a femoral and sciatic nerve block and routine ketorolac administration for pain control. Our primary outcome, emesis rate, was tracked using a P‐chart. Process measures included use of guideline medications and balancing measures included opioid administration, pain scores, and emergence time.ResultsWe analyzed postoperative nausea and vomiting outcomes for 817 patients from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2018. The baseline postoperative emesis rate for all anesthetizing locations was 17%. Following, guideline implementation, the emesis rate decreased to 5%. Opioid administration was decreased following guideline implementation. The percentage of patients managed without any perioperative opioids increased from 16% in the baseline group to 38% following guideline implementation. The P‐chart suggests that the observed reduction in emesis rate represents special cause variation and this reduction was sustained over a two‐year period.ConclusionsImplementation of standard postoperative nausea and vomiting guidelines for adolescents undergoing outpatient anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was associated with lower emesis rates. This reduction in emesis rate may have been due to the concurrent reduction in opioids we observed following guideline implementation.
Patient perfectionism and clinician impression formation during an initial interview
Authors: Hewitt Paul L. , Chen Chang , Smith Martin M. , Zhang Lisa , Habke Marie , Flett Gordon L. , Mikail Samuel F. 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesThe negative impact of pre‐treatment patient perfectionism on therapeutic alliance and outcomes has been well documented. However, there is much to learn about how patient perfectionism impacts the development of the therapeutic alliance. Our study addressed this by examining the extent to which trait and self‐presentational components of perfectionism influence clinician’s perceptions of patients during an initial interview.DesignIn a re‐analysis of data from Hewitt et al., 2008, Psychiatry, 71, 93–122, participants were 90 treatment‐seeking adults (aged 19–64, Mage = 36.2; 40 men) recruited from outpatient mental health clinics. Each patient had a one‐on‐one, semi‐structured interview with a clinician that lasted approximately 50 min.MethodPatients completed self‐report measures assessing trait perfectionism, perfectionistic self‐presentation, and symptom distress before the interview. Patients were then invited to discuss reasons for seeking treatment and to reflect on the two most challenging situations in their lives in which they had not coped well. Following the interview, clinicians indicated their overall impressions of patients by responding to three self‐report questions and rated patients’ distress and hostility via nine adjectives.ResultsAfter controlling for patients’ symptom distress, other‐oriented perfectionism and non‐display of imperfection had small positive relationships with clinician‐rated hostility; self‐oriented perfectionism, socially prescribed perfectionism, and non‐disclosure of imperfection had small‐to‐moderate negative relationships with clinician impressions. Additionally, path analysis revealed other‐oriented perfectionism and non‐display of imperfection indirectly predicted less favourable clinician impressions through clinician‐rated hostility.ConclusionsFindings highlight the importance of evaluating and addressing trait and self‐presentation components of perfectionism early in the therapeutic process.Practitioner points

Higher levels of other‐oriented perfectionism and non‐display of imperfection were associated with greater clinician‐rated hostility during an initial interview.

Patient hostility mediated the relationship between patients’ other‐oriented perfectionism, non‐display of imperfection, and less favourable clinician impressions.

Our study highlights the importance of assessing and attending to patient perfectionism and displays of hostility during the earliest stages of therapeutic contact.
Evidential Preemption
Authors: Begby Endre 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAs a general rule, whenever a hearer is justified in forming the belief that p on the basis of a speaker’s testimony, she will also be justified in assuming that the speaker has formed her belief appropriately in light of a relevantly large and representative sample of the evidence that bears on p. In simpler terms, a justification for taking someone’s testimony entails a justification for trusting her assessment of the evidence. This introduces the possibility of what I will call “evidential preemption.” Evidential preemption occurs when a speaker, in addition to offering testimony that p, also warns the hearer of the likelihood that she will subsequently be confronted with apparently contrary evidence: this is done, however, not so as to encourage the hearer to temper her confidence in p in anticipation of that evidence, but rather to suggest that the (apparently) contrary evidence is in fact misleading evidence or evidence that has already been taken into account. Either way, the speaker is signalling to the hearer that the subsequent disclosure of this evidence will not require her to significantly revise her belief that p. Such preemption can effectively inoculate an audience against future contrary evidence, and thereby creates an opening for a form of exploitative manipulation that I will call “epistemic grooming.” Nonetheless, I argue, not all uses of evidential preemption are nefarious; it can also serve as an important tool for guiding epistemically limited agents though complex evidential scenarios.
Effects of mineral supplementation on reproductive performance of pregnant cross‐breed Bonsmara cows: An experimental study
Authors: Molefe Keitiretse , Mwanza Mulunda 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMinerals in animal feed occur in variable structures, most of which determine the uptake and usage in biological processes in the body. Effective chemical breakdown of minerals may ensure efficient utilization in metabolism. The aim this study was to evaluate the effects of mineral supplementation on reproduction in cows. A farm was selected for the experiment due to the fact that it previously experienced different reproductive conditions in the farm. The farm comprises cross‐breed cows with Bonsmara dominating in the farm. Twelve pregnant primiparous and multiparous cows of different ages, parity and weight, that had previously experienced reproductive conditions, were randomly selected for this study. The cows were then randomly sub‐divided into two groups (experimental and control group) of six. The experimental group was injected with MULTIMIN™ + Se + Cu at a dosage of 1 ml/45 kg BW and Calci 50 p.i. at a dosage of 100–150 ml/500 kg BW at an interval of 6 weeks (from June to October 2017). Blood samples were collected before every injection date. The t test was used to relate the mean weight gain and serum metabolite between the experimental and control groups. The body weight gain was significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the non‐supplemented group. Supplemented cows had significantly (p < .05) high levels of triglycerides and creatinine kinase. A case of retained placenta and dystocia among non‐supplemented cows were noted. Thus, mineral supplementation can be used to improve productivity and reproductive well‐being.
CT and radiographic evaluation of bronchial collapsibility at forced expiration in asymptomatic brachycephalic dogs
Authors: Yoon Hyounglok , Yu Jin , An Gayeon , Bang Sohyun , Kwon Dohoon , Kim Hyunryung , Lee Hanbin , Chang Jinhwa , Chang Dongwoo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBronchial collapse due to bronchomalacia is an important cause of chronic coughing in dogs. Radiographic and CT evidence of bronchial collapse has previously been reported in healthy Beagle dogs under forced expiration. However, published studies in brachycephalic dog breeds that are prone to bronchial collapse are currently lacking. In the present prospective analytical experimental study, CT and radiography were used to measure the bronchial diameter and collapsibility of each pulmonary bronchus during end‐expiratory, 5 mL/kg forced‐expiratory, and 10 mL/kg forced‐expiratory phases in 17 asymptomatic brachycephalic dogs and six healthy Beagle dogs. Bronchial collapsibility was significantly greater during forced expiration, than that at the end of expiration in both groups (P < .001). Bronchial collapsibility measurements of the left lung lobes and the right cranial, middle, and accessory lobes were significantly higher in asymptomatic brachycephalic dogs than those in healthy Beagle dogs, during all expiratory phases (P < .05). The higher bronchial collapsibility of brachycephalic dogs was also supported using CT multiplanar reconstruction images and radiography. In conclusion, radiographic and CT measures of bronchial collapsibility in asymptomatic brachycephalic dogs are higher than measures in healthy Beagle dogs. Therefore, measures of bronchial collapse in brachycephalic dogs should not be evaluated using the same baseline measures as those used for healthy Beagle dogs.
Ultrasound‐guided arthrocentesis of the temporomandibular joint in healthy adult horses is equivalent to blind arthrocentesis
Authors: Norvall Amy , Cota Jose Guerrero , Pusterla Nicola , Cissell Derek 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEquine temporomandibular joint (TMJ) diseases are increasingly recognized as a problem for the well‐being and performance of horses. Diagnosis is confounded by overlap of clinical signs associated with pathology of the oral cavity, poll, and cervical vertebrae. Arthrocentesis for intra‐articular analgesia, sampling of synovial fluid, and medication is needed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Ultrasound features of the normal TMJ and a blind arthrocentesis technique have been described, but a systematic approach to ultrasound‐guided (USG) arthrocentesis has not been reported. Ultrasound guidance allows visualization of the TMJ that may prove beneficial in cases when pathology, abnormal anatomy, or clinician inexperience make blind arthrocentesis difficult. We hypothesized that USG arthrocentesis would result in fewer needle repositions than blind arthrocentesis. We also aimed to assess synovial fluid parameters for normal equine TMJs. A prospective randomized method comparison with crossover experimental design compared the number of needle positionings required for accurate injection of the TMJ using each technique. Arthrocentesis technique and operator experience were tested using cadavers and two operators. Injection success was confirmed using CT. The radiologist then applied both techniques in normal live horses. No statistically significant difference was noted between arthrocentesis techniques or operators (P > .05). No complications were observed in live horses following either technique. Synovial fluid parameters were largely within the normal range expected for other synovial joints. Either blind or USG arthrocentesis of the equine TMJ can be performed with minimal prior operator experience. Ultrasound‐guided arthrocentesis is an alternative method and can be considered in cases with altered anatomy.
Optimization-Based Energy Management Strategy for a 48-V Mild Parallel Hybrid Electric Power System
Authors: Wang Ying , Huang Zhiyong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The application of a 48-V mild hybrid powertrain system is one of the eco-friendly technologies for global CO2 reduction in the present sector of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). It is well known that the energy management strategy is crucial for improving the fuel economy of the HEVs. Therefore, the strengths and the limitations of dynamic programming (DP) global optimization strategy and adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) for this kind of powertrain system under new European driving cycle (NEDC) and federal test procedure (FTP75) driving cycles are discussed in this paper. The results of the DP global optimization solution have also been adopted as a reference for evaluating the degree of optimality of real-time controllers. The reference start of charge (SOC) was found to be a very important parameter for the real-time ECMS approach. Thus, an adaptive ECMS approach using the SOC obtained from DP global optimization algorithm as a reference SOC in real-time ECMS control was studied. The study results in this paper may provide some theoretical support for future energy management optimization of a 48-V mild hybrid parallel powertrain system.
Retinal pigment epithelial atrophy after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy
Authors: Cho Han Joo , Kim Kunhae , Lim Soo Hyun , Kang Dong Hyun , Kim Jong Woo 
Published: January 2020

Background/aimsTo describe the risk factors for the development of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) atrophy following intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injection treatment for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).MethodsWe retrospectively included 162 eyes of 162 treatment-naïve patients with PCV in this study. All patients were treated with an initial series of three monthly loading doses of anti-VEGF injections, followed by further injections as required. Baseline ocular characteristics and lesion features were assessed using fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography and spectral domain optical coherence tomography, to determine and evaluate the potential risk factors for RPE atrophy through 2 years of follow-up.ResultsRPE atrophy had developed in 17 of 162 eyes (10.5%) after 2 years of anti-VEGF treatment. Nine cases (53.0%) of RPE atrophy occurred at branching vascular networks, and eight (47.0%) developed at locations with polyp or polyp-associated pigment epithelial detachment. Among the baseline characteristics, the mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was significantly thinner (192±98 vs 288±152; p=0.009) and presence of subretinal drusenoid deposits was significantly more frequent in eyes with RPE atrophy (11.8% vs 2.1%; p=0.028). Using multiple logistic regression analysis, the mean subfoveal choroidal thickness (OR 0.975; 95% CI 0.929 to 1.324; p=0.002) was identified as a significant risk factor for the development of RPE atrophy.ConclusionsApproximately one-tenth of the patients with PCV developed RPE atrophy during the 24 months after intravitreal anti-VEGF injections. Subfoveal choroidal thinning at baseline is associated with increased risk of post-treatment RPE atrophy.