bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lifetime Patient Outcomes and Healthcare Utilization for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) and Extreme Preterm Infants: A Microsimulation Study
Authors: Thavorn Kednapa , Katwyk Sasha van , Augustine Sajit , Thébaud Bernard 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objectives

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is among the most severe chronic lung diseases and predominantly affects premature infants. There is a general understanding of BPD’s significant impact on the short-term outcomes however there is little evidence on long-term outcomes. Our study estimates the lifetime clinical outcomes, quality of life, and healthcare costs of BPD and associated complications.

Methods

We developed a microsimulation model to estimate lifetime clinical and economic burden of BPD among extreme preterm infants (≤28 weeks gestational age at birth) and validated it against the best available Canadian data. We further estimate the cumulative incidence of major complications associated with BPD, differentiated by BPD severity and gestational age category.

Results

We find, on average, patients with BPD and resulting complications will incur over CAD$700,000 in lifetime health systems costs. We also find the average life expectancy of BPD patients to be moderately less than that of the general population and significant reductions in quality-adjusted life year due to major complications. Healthcare utilization and quality of life measures vary dramatically according to BPD severity, suggesting significant therapeutic headroom for interventions that can prevent or mitigate the effects of BPD for patients.

Conclusions

Our study adds a significant expansion of existing evidence by presenting the lifetime burden of BPD based on key patient characteristics. Given the extreme cost burden at the earliest stage of life and lifetime negative impact on quality of life, there is larger headroom for investment in prevention and mitigation of severe BPD than is currently available.
Design, synthesis, in silico studies and biological evaluation of 5-((E)-4-((E)-(substituted aryl/alkyl)methyl)benzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives
Authors: Kumar Harsh , Deep Aakash , Marwaha Rakesh Kumar 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Looking at the extensive biological potential of thiazolidine-2,4-dione (TZD) moiety, a new series of thiazolidine-2,4-dione analogues was synthesized. Different spectral techniques (1H-NMR, IR, MS etc.) were used to confirm the chemical structures of the synthesized analogues. These synthesized compounds were screened for their antioxidant and antimicrobial potential.
Results and discussion: The antimicrobial screening was carried out against selected strains of fungi and bacteria using serial tube dilution method. The antioxidant potential was assessed using stable 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method. Further, the interaction between synthesized thiazolidine-2,4-dione compounds and DNA gyrase was explored using molecular docking studies. Various ADME parameters were also studied to evaluate the drug likeness of the synthesized compounds.
Conclusion: In antimicrobial evaluation, the compounds 4, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15 and 16 displayed promising activity against selected strains of microbes. Antioxidant evaluation found compound 6 having IC50 = 9.18 μg/mL to be the most potent compound in the series. The molecular docking study revealed compounds 4 (dock score = -4.73) and 7 (dock score = -4.61) with decent docking score, possess good interaction inside the ATP binding pocket of DNA gyrase and therefore can be used as lead structure for further optimizing into potent antimicrobial molecule.
Infrared photovoltaic detector based on p-GeTe/n-Si heterojunction
Authors: Zhao Yiqun , Tang Libin , Yang Shengyi , Lau Shu Ping , Teng Kar Seng 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
GeTe is an important narrow bandgap semiconductor material and has found application in the fields of phase change storage as well as spintronics devices. However, it has not been studied for application in the field of infrared photovoltaic detectors working at room temperature. Herein, GeTe nanofilms were grown by magnetron sputtering technique and characterized to investigate its physical, electrical and optical properties. A high-performance infrared photovoltaic detector based on GeTe/Si heterojunction with the detectivity of 8×10 11 Jones at 850 nm light irradiation at room temperature was demonstrated.
A comparison of four different models of acute respiratory distress syndrome in sheep
Authors: Engel Monique , Nowacki Relana M.E. , Jonker Elly M. , Ophelders Daan , Nikiforou Maria , Kloosterboer Nico , Zimmermann Luc J.I. , Waardenburg Dick A. van , Kramer Boris W. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can have various causes. The study objective was to investigate whether different pathophysiologic models of ARDS would show different respiratory, cardiovascular and inflammatory outcomes. Methods We performed a prospective, randomized study in 27 ventilated ewes inducing ARDS using three different techniques to mimic the pulmonary causes of ARDS (ARDSp): warm saline lavage (n=6), intratracheal hydrochloric acid (HCl; n=6), intratracheal albumin (n=10), and one technique to mimic an extrapulmonary cause of ARDS (ARDSexp): intravenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS iv; n=5). ARDS was defined when PaO 2 was <15kPa when ventilated with PEEP 10cm H 2 O and FiO 2 =1.0. The effects on gas exchange were investigated by calculating the oxygenation index (OI) and the ventilation efficacy index (VEI) every 30 minutes for a period of 4 hours. Post mortem lung lavage was performed to obtain broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) to assess lung injury and inflammation. Lung injury and inflammation were assessed by measuring the total number and differentiation of leukocytes, the concentration of protein and disaturated phospholipids, and interleukine-6 and -8 in the BALF. Histology of the lung was evaluated by measuring the mean alveolar size and alveolar wall thickness, as markers of lung injury. The concentration of interleukin-6 was determined in plasma, as a marker of systematic inflammation. Results The OI and VEI were most affected in the LPS iv group and thereafter the HCl group, after meeting the ARDS criteria. Diastolic blood pressure was lowest in the LPS iv group. There were no significant differences found in the total number and differentiation of leukocytes, the concentration of protein and disaturated phospholipids, or interleukin-8 in the BALF and histology of the lung. IL-6 in BALF and plasma was highest in the LPS iv group, but no significant differences were found between the other groups. It took a significantly longer period of time to meet the ARDS criteria in the LPS iv group. Conclusions The LPS model caused the most severe pulmonary and cardiovascular insufficiency. Surprisingly, there were limited significant differences in lung injury and inflammatory markers, despite the different pathophysiology, when the clinical definition of ARDS was applied.
Acquisition and bioactivity analysis of single-chain fragment variable antibody against CSFV
Authors: Li Benqiang , Tao Jie , Cheng Jinghua , Shi Ying , Liu Huili 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious disease that threatens the pig industry. Passive immunization with neutralizing antibodies against classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is an effective prevention and therapeutic measure. Results In this study, to prepare a single-chain fragment variable (scFv) antibody against CSFV, two weanling piglets were injected twice with a CSFV attenuated vaccine. After the second immunization, peripheral blood lymphocytes were separated from the blood of the piglets by lymphocyte separation medium. After FACS, B lymphocytes with FITC labelled-E2 and FITC goat anti-swine IgG were sorted, extracted and cultivated on 96-well plates for 72 h. Then, the culture supernatants of B lymphocytes were screened by indirect ELISA with the purified CSFV-E2 antigen,and the target scFv antibody was bound to CSFV and obtained. Then, the scFv gene was inserted into the eukaryotic expression plasmid pCAGGS, and the constituted plasmid pCAGGS-scFv was transfected into ST cells. Western blot analysis showed that an approximately 31 kDa fusion protein was detected in the cell supernatant. Addition, the neutralizing capacity was measured in vitro. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) results showed that scFv-16 was able to neutralize CSFV. Conclusion Our data demonstrated that scFv-16 would be an effective diagnostic tool and potential therapeutic reagent for the CSFV infection in swine.
The association between SAα2,3Gal and avian influenza viral load in mallards (Anas Platyrhynchos) and blue-winged teals (Anas discors)
Authors: Dolinski Amanda C , Jankowski Mark D , Fair Jeanne M , Owen Jen C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Individual heterogeneity in pathogen load can impact disease transmission dynamics; therefore, identifying intrinsic factors responsible for variation in pathogen load is necessary for determining which individuals are prone to be most infectious. Since low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIV) preferentially bind to alpha-2,3 sialic acid receptors (SAα2,3Gal) in the intestines and bursa of Fabricius in wild ducks ( Anas spp.), we investigated juvenile mallards ( Anas platyrhyncos ) and blue-winged teals ( Anas discors ) orally inoculated with A/northern pintail/California/44221-761/2006 (H5N9) and the virus titer relationship to percentage of SAα2,3Gal in the intestines and bursa. To evaluate the natural variation of free-ranging duck populations, birds were hatched and raised in captivity from eggs collected from nests of free-ranging birds in North Dakota, USA. Data generated from real time RT-PCR used to quantify virus titers in cloacal swabs, ileum tissue, and bursa of Fabricius tissue and lectin histochemistry used to quantify percentage of SAα2,3Gal was analyzed through a series of multiple linear regression and mixed models. Results In mallards, we found high individual variation in virus titers significantly related to high variation of SAα2,3Gal in the ileum, with sex being a significant factor. In contrast to mallards, individual variation in teals was minimal and significant relationships between virus titers and SAα2,3Gal were not determined. Collectively, teals had both higher virus titers and a higher percentage of SAα2,3Gal compared to mallards, which may indicate a positive association between viral load and SAα2,3Gal. Statistically significant differences were observed between infected and control birds indicating that LPAIV infection may influence the percentage of SAα2,3Gal, or vice versa, but only in specific tissues.Conclusions The results of this study provide quantitative evidence that SAα2,3Gal is related to LPAIV titers; thus, SAα2,3Gal should be considered a potential intrinsic factor of variation in LPAIV load.
Changes in Oral Health Indicators Due to Implementation of Health Insurance Coverage for First Molar Dental Sealant for Children and Adolescents in Korea
Authors: CHOI JINSUN , Ma Deuk-Sang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: The effectiveness of a dental sealant reimbursement policy for children and adolescents was verified by comparing changes in first molar oral health indicators before and after policy implementation. Methods: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data were analyzed: the fourth period (2007–2009) provided data before, and sixth period (2013–2015) data after policy implementation. The proportion of individuals with first-molar sealant, decay-missing-filled first molar permanent teeth, and single crowns in the group aged 11-20 years were calculated. Data were analyzed using chi-square for complex samples and the complex samples general linear model. Results: Compared with non-beneficiaries, among policy beneficiaries, sealant ownership increased by 7.7%, and the number of permanent teeth with sealant per capita was about double; the proportion of individuals with decay-missing-filled permanent teeth decreased 9.1%, and the average decay-missing-filled permanent teeth index per person decreased by about a quarter; the rate of single-crown holders decreased by 2.7%, and the average single-crown index decreased by 0.03 per person. The number of sealants increased with age and household income. The caries rate was higher in females and older respondents. Conclusions: A system is needed to ensure sealant is supplied to vulnerable groups; a follow-up system is required for long-term sealant maintenance.
Correlates of bullying victimization among school adolescents in Nepal: Findings from 2015 Global School-Based Student Health Survey Nepal
Authors: Neupane Tamanna , Pandey Achyut Raj , Bista Bihungum , Chalise Binaya 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background : Bullying is an emerging risk factor for poor mental health outcomes adversely affecting children and adolescents. However, it has rarely caught the attention of the health and education sector due to lack of evidence in many countries including Nepal. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with bullying behavior among adolescent students in Nepal.Methods : We used nationally representative data from the Nepal Global School-Based Student Health Survey that involved two-stage cluster sampling design with the use of a standard set of self-administered questionnaires. Complex sample analysis was done to determine the prevalence and correlates of bullying among 6529 students of 68 schools studying in grade 7 to 11 using descriptive analysis and multivariable logistic regression.Results : The overall prevalence of bullying among Nepalese school adolescents was 51% (55.7% in male and 46.1% in female). Bullied adolescents more commonly reported mental health problems with higher risk of loneliness (aOR 1.39, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.69), anxiety (aOR 1.97, 95% CI: 1.57, 2.47), suicide attempt (aOR 1.99, 95% CI: 1.48, 2.67), school absenteeism due to fear (aOR 1.72, 95% CI: 1.36, 2.19) and school truancy (aOR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.79). A significant association was seen between bullying victimization and negative health behaviors like involvement in physical fights (aOR 3.70, 95% CI: 3.00, 4.56) and tobacco use (aOR 1.99, 95% CI: 1.09, 3.61).Conclusion: School bullying is significantly associated with mental health factors like loneliness, anxiety, suicide attempt, school absenteeism and risky behavioral factors like smokeless tobacco use and involvement in physical fight. The insights provided by these findings have important implications for planning anti-bullying strategies in school settings in the Nepalese context.
Effects of red and blue light on leaf anatomy, CO2 assimilation, and the photosynthetic electron transport capacity of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings
Authors: Li Yan , Xin Guofeng , Liu Chang , Shi Qinghua , Yang Fengjuan , Wei Min 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: The red (R) and blue (B) light wavelengths are known to influence many plant physiological processes during growth and development, particularly photosynthesis. To understand how R and B light influences plant photomorphogenesis and photosynthesis, we investigated changes in leaf anatomy and stomatal traits, chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic parameters, and ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and Calvin cycle-related enzymes expression and their activities in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings exposed to four light qualities: monochromatic white (W, control), R, B, and mixed R and B (RB) light with the same photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 300 μmol/m2·s. Results: The results revealed that seedlings grown under R light had lower biomass accumulation, CO2 assimilation, and photosystem II (PSII) electron transportation compared to plants grown under the other treatments. These changes are probably due to inactivation of the photosystem (PS). Biomass accumulation and CO2 assimilation were significantly enriched in B- and RB-grown plants, especially the latter treatment. Their leaves were also thicker, and stomatal conductance, photosynthetic electron transport capacity, and the photosynthetic rate were enhanced. The up-regulation of the expression and activities of Rubisco, fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), and fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA), which are involved in the Calvin cycle and are probably the main enzymatic factors contributing to RuBP (ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate) synthesis, also increased. Conclusions: Mixed R and B light altered plant photomorphogenesis and photosynthesis, mainly through its effects on leaf anatomy, photosynthetic electron transportation, and the expression and activities of key Calvin cycle enzymes.
Overall adjustment acupuncture for postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP): A study protocol for a randomized sham-controlled trial
Authors: ren ZQ , Wang YF , Ao GF , Chen HX , Huang M , Lai MX , Zhao HD , Zhao R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Osteoporosis is becoming more prevalent in aging societies worldwide, and the economic burden attributable to osteoporotic fractures is substantial. The medications presently available to treat osteoporosis have side effects, acupuncture is widely used for the postmenopausal women because of it is non-invasive and has fewer side effects, but the powerful evidence for the clinic is still insufficient. Our study intends to explore the effect of Overall adjustment acupuncture (OA) in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis(PMOP).Methods: This study is a randomized, sham-controlled, patient-and assessor-blinded trial and aims to evaluate the effect of OA in women with PMOP. We will recruit 104 women aged 45-70 years with a diagnosis of PMOP. Participants will be randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to the OA group and the sham acupuncture (SA) group. Both groups will receive real herbal medicine treatment as a basic treatment twice a day for three months, the OA group receive real acupuncture treatment and the SA group received placebo acupuncture treatment (non-penetrating,sham skin needle therapy, sham cupping). All patients will receive acupuncture treatment twice per week for three months. The primary outcome is bone mineral density(BMD) and secondary outcomes include estradiol(E2), follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH), bone gla protein(BGP), bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), total antioxidant capacity(TAC), advanced oxidation protein products(AOPP) ,PPARγ, β-Catenin,FoxO3a, visual pain scale score(VAS) , Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndrome scores and quality of daily life score(QOL). Outcome measures will be collected at baseline, middle of the treatment(1.5 months), the end of treatments(3month).The present protocol followed the SPIRIT guidelines and fulfilled the SPIRIT checklist.Conclusion: This study will be conducted to compare the efficacy of OA versus SA. This trial will help to evaluate whether OA can effectively prevent and treat postmenopausal osteoporosis by improving the estrogen level of postmenopausal women, the mechanism is to improve the imbalance of osteogenic differentiation and lipogenesis of bone marrow cells under oxidative stress.Trial registration: This trial was registed at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, registration date: 5 August 2018.URL:http://www.chictr.org.cn,registration number:ChiCTR1800017581.
Isoliquiritigenin attenuates LPS-induced acute kidney injury through suppression of HMGB1 pathway in renal tubular against ferritinophagy
Authors: Tang Yun , Wang Yanmei , Wang Chan , Yu Meidie , Li Li , Chen Sipei , Li Guisen , Wang Li , Xie Mengyi , Li Yi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Septic acute kidney injury (AKI) mainly results in life-threatening renal dysfunction involving renal tubular injury to bring heavy burden to patients in intensive care unit (ICU). However, there is still a lack of therapy to prevent septic AKI effectively and inexpensive. To observe the role and novel mechanism of isoliquiritigenin (ISL) which isolated from the roots of licorice in septic AKI, we used LPS to induce renal tubular injury upon septic AKI both in vitro and in vivo. 50mg/kg ISL and 5 mg/kg Ferrostatin-1 were once given to the male C57BL/6 mice one hour before 1 mg/kg LPS i.p injection. 50 μM and 100 μM ISL respectively pre-treat the human renal tubular cells 5 hrs before 2 μg/ml LPS stimulation. We found ISL pretreatment apparently reversed LPS-induced renal dysfunction and ameliorated murine renal tubular injury by suppression HMGB1 pathway. Furthermore, we observed that LPS induced autophagy and ferroptosis in renal tubular, whereas ISL pretreatment significantly suppress autophagy and ferroptosis of renal tubular both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, autophagy activated ferroptosis via NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy. Moreover, HMGB1 is required for ferritinophagy in renal tubular. ISL treatment inhibited the expression of HMGB1. Taken together, these results suggest that ISL protects LPS-induced acute kidney injury through suppression of HMGB1 pathway in renal tubular against ferritinophagy.
The New American Joint Committee on Cancer T Staging System for Stomach: Increased Complexity without Clear Improvement in Predictive Accuracy for Endoscopic Ultrasound
Authors: Author) Chaoqun Han(Former Corresponding , Tao Xu , Zhang Qin , Liu Jun , Author) Zhen Ding(New Corresponding , Hou Xiaohua 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: The efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) for determining T category is variable for gastric cancer. The aim of this study is to evaluate the superiority of EUS by using the 6th edition American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system for stomach cancer compared to the new 7th/8th edition.Methods: A retrospective analysis of clinical and EUS imaging features of 348 gastric carcinoma patients who underwent radical resection were collected. Differences between the 6th edition and 7th/8th edition T staging system for EUS preoperative evaluated were compared.Results: The accuracy of EUS T staging was 72.4% for 7th/8th edition and 78.4% for 6th edition; especially the T3 stage accuracy was significantly worse when T3 group status was changed. The tumor location, EUS type and histological type were associated with inaccuracy. We further analyzed the EUS image features for each tumor T stage and found muscularis propria (MP) visible indistinctly or obvious thickening were considered to be indicators that lesions involved to the MP with a sensitivity of 81.3%; MP disappeared completely and accompanied with serosal layer intact might be a marker that lesion invaded to the subserosa; We also found that irregularities in the outer edge of the gastric wall were markers of gastric serosal layer penetration with a positive predictive value of 92.2%.Conclusions: The increased complexity of the 7th/8th edition T staging system is accompanied by worsening in the predictive accuracy for EUS as compared to the 6th edition. Furthermore, the tumor location, EUS type, histological type and EUS image features for each tumor T stage should warrant attention.