bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of venous thromboembolism at pretreatment screening and associated risk factors in 2086 patients with gynecological cancer
Authors: Tasaka Nobutaka , Minaguchi Takeo , Hosokawa Yoshihiko , Takao Wataru , Itagaki Hiroya , Nishida Keiko , Akiyama Azusa , Shikama Ayumi , Ochi Hiroyuki , Satoh Toyomi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimPostoperative pulmonary embolism can be a fatal surgical complication and is thought to occur secondary to asymptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) that exists preoperatively in some patients. The purpose of this study was to clarify the frequency and risk factors of pretreatment VTE in gynecological cancer patients.MethodsThis study investigated 2086 patients with gynecological cancer (cervix, n = 754; endometrium, n = 862; ovary, n = 470) who underwent initial treatment between 2004 and 2017. Pretreatment VTE screening was performed with D‐dimer (DD) levels in these patients. Based on this, the associated risk factors were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsPretreatment VTE was discovered in 7.3% of patients with cervical cancer, 11.5% of those with endometrial cancer and 27.0% of those with ovarian cancer. Significant independent risk factors were: age greater than or equal to 60 years and tumor long diameter greater than or equal to 40 mm for cervical cancer; age greater than or equal to 60 years, stage III/IV advanced disease, clear cell carcinoma and tumor long diameter greater than or equal to 60 mm for endometrial cancer; and age greater than or equal to 60 years, clear cell carcinoma and massive ascites for ovarian cancer.ConclusionPretreatment asymptomatic VTE is very frequent in gynecological cancer patients. It may be beneficial to consider measuring DD or performing venous ultrasonography in patients with the above risk factors.
Intention to treat and per protocol analysis in clinical trials
Authors: Tripepi Giovanni , Chesnaye Nicholas C. , Dekker Friedo W. , Zoccali Carmine , Jager Kitty J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn clinical epidemiology, experimental studies usually take the form of randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs). The data analysis of an RCT can be performed by using two complementary strategies, that is according to the intention to treat (ITT) principle and the per protocol (PP) analysis. By using the ITT approach, investigators aim to assess the effect of assigning a drug whereas by adopting the PP analysis, researchers investigate the effect of receiving the assigned treatment, as specified in the protocol. Both ITT and PP analyses are essentially valid but they have different scopes and interpretations dependent on the context.
Evaluating the neurophysiological evidence for predictive processing as a model of perception
Authors: Walsh Kevin S. , McGovern David P. , Clark Andy , O'Connell Redmond G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFor many years, the dominant theoretical framework guiding research into the neural origins of perceptual experience has been provided by hierarchical feedforward models, in which sensory inputs are passed through a series of increasingly complex feature detectors. However, the long‐standing orthodoxy of these accounts has recently been challenged by a radically different set of theories that contend that perception arises from a purely inferential process supported by two distinct classes of neurons: those that transmit predictions about sensory states and those that signal sensory information that deviates from those predictions. Although these predictive processing (PP) models have become increasingly influential in cognitive neuroscience, they are also criticized for lacking the empirical support to justify their status. This limited evidence base partly reflects the considerable methodological challenges that are presented when trying to test the unique predictions of these models. However, a confluence of technological and theoretical advances has prompted a recent surge in human and nonhuman neurophysiological research seeking to fill this empirical gap. Here, we will review this new research and evaluate the degree to which its findings support the key claims of PP.
Current status of immunotherapies for addiction
Authors: Xu Ashley , Kosten Thomas R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe treatment of substance use disorders has always been challenging because multiple neurotransmitters mediate addiction. However, with smoking being the leading cause of preventable death and the recent opioid epidemic in the United States, the search for novel solutions becomes more imperative. In this review, we discuss the use of antibodies to treat addictions and highlight areas of success and areas that require improvement, using examples from cocaine, nicotine, and opioid vaccines. Through each example, we examine creative problem‐solving strategies for developing future vaccines, such as using an adenovirus vector as a carrier, designing bivalent vaccines, stimulating Toll‐like receptors for adjuvant effects, and altering the route of administration. Our review also covers passive immunization alone to override or prevent drug toxicity as well as in combination with vaccines for more rapid and potentially greater efficacy.
Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Lee Song‐I. , Chae Eun Jin , Song Joon Seon , Lee Jae Ha , Song Jin Woo 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTBackground and objectivePPFE is characterized by fibrosis in the pleura and subpleural lung parenchyma in the upper lobes, while other types of ILD, mainly UIP, can be observed in about half of the patients in their lower lobes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of the radiologically defined PPFE in patients with IPF.MethodsClinical data and chest CT images were retrospectively analysed in 445 patients with IPF (biopsy‐proven cases, n = 165). The radiological criteria of PPFE were defined as follows: (i) bilateral subpleural dense fibrosis with or without pleural thickening in the upper lobes, (ii) evidence of disease progression and (iii) no clinical evidence of identifiable aetiologies.ResultsThe median follow‐up period was 43.0 months. The mean age of the patients was 66.4 years and 76.4% were male. PPFE was identified in 28 patients (6.3%). The PPFE group showed lower BMI and lung function (FVC and TLC) at baseline, more frequent pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum, higher decline rates in lung function and poorer prognosis during follow‐up than the no‐PPFE group. PPFE was an independent risk factor (HR = 2.953, 95% CI: 1.350–6.460, P = 0.007) for pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum, but not for mortality in patients with IPF.ConclusionAmong patients with IPF, the PPFE group, when compared to the no‐PPFE group, showed lower BMI and lung function and showed more frequent complications and poorer survival during follow‐up.
Comparison of 1-Repetition-Maximum Performance Across 3 Weightlifting Overhead Pressing Exercises and Sport Groups
Authors: Soriano Marcos A. , García-Ramos Amador , Torres-González Antonio , Castillo-Palencia Joaquín , Marín Pedro J. , de Baranda Pilar Sainz , Comfort Paul 
Published: March 2020

Objective: To (1) compare the 1-repetition-maximum (1RM) performance between the push press, push jerk, and split jerk and (2) explore these differences between weightlifters, CrossFit athletes, and a mixed group of athletes. Methods: Forty-six resistance-trained males (age 28.8 [6.4] y; height 180.0 [6.0] cm; body mass 84.1 [10.2] kg; weightlifting training experience 3.64 [3.14] y) participated in this study. The 1RM performance of the push press, push jerk, and split jerk was assessed during the same session in a sequential order (ie, combined 1RM assessment method). Thirty-six participants were retested to determine between-sessions reliability of the 1RM values. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) showed a high between-sessions reliability for the push press (ICC = .98; 95% CI, .95–.99), push jerk (ICC = .99; 95% CI, .98–1.00), and split jerk (ICC = .99; 95% CI, .98–1.00). There was a significant main effect of exercise (η2 = .101) and exercise × group interaction (η2 = .012) on 1RM performance (P < .001), whereas the main effect of group did not reach statistical significance (P = .175). Conclusions: This study provides evidence that the weightlifting overhead press derivatives affect 1RM performance. In addition, the interaction of exercise and sport group was caused by the higher differences in 1RM performance between exercises for weightlifters compared with CrossFit and a mixed group of athletes. Therefore, strength and conditioning professionals should be aware that the differences in 1RM performance between weightlifting overhead-press derivatives may be affected by sport group.
Core Temperature and Sweating in Men and Women During a 15-km Race in Cool Conditions
Authors: Bongers Coen C.W.G. , ten Haaf Dominique S.M. , Ravanelli Nicholas , Eijsvogels Thijs M.H. , Hopman Maria T.E. 
Published: March 2020

Purpose: Studies often assess the impact of sex on the relation between core body temperature (CBT), whole-body sweat rate (WBSR), and heat production during exercise in laboratory settings, but less is known in free-living conditions. Therefore, the authors compared the relation between CBT, WBSR, and heat production between sexes in a 15-km race under cool conditions. Methods: During 3 editions of the Seven Hills Run (Nijmegen, the Netherlands) with similar ambient conditions (8–12°C, 80–95% relative humidity), CBT and WBSR were measured among 375 participants (52% male) before and immediately after the 15-km race. Heat production was estimated using initial body mass and mean running speed, assuming negligible external work. Results: Men finished the race in 76 (12) minutes and women in 83 (13) minutes (P < .001, effect size [ES] = 0.55). Absolute heat production was higher in men than in women (1185 [163] W vs 867 [122] W, respectively, P < .001, ES = 1.47), even after normalizing to body mass (15.0 [2.2] W/kg vs 13.8 [1.9] W/kg, P < .001, ES = 0.56). Finish CBT did not differ between men and women (39.2°C [0.7°C] vs 39.2°C [0.7°C], P = .71, ES = 0.04). Men demonstrated a greater increase in CBT (1.5°C [0.8°C] vs 1.3°C [0.7°C], respectively, P = .013, ES = 0.31); the sex difference remains after correcting for heat production (P = .004). WBSR was larger in men (18.0 [6.9] g/min) than in women (11.4 [4.7] g/min; P < .001, ES = 0.97). A weak correlation between WBSR and heat production was found irrespective of sex (R2 = .395, P < .001). Conclusions: WBSR was associated with heat production, irrespective of sex, during a self-paced 15-km running race in cool environmental conditions. Men had a higher ΔCBT than women.
AcutePlasmodium chabaudi chabaudiMalaria Infection Induces Antibodies Which Bind to the Surfaces of Parasitized Erythrocytes and Promote Their Phagocytosis by Macrophages In Vitro
Authors: Mota Maria M. , Brown K. Neil , Holder Anthony A. , Jarra William 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTCBA/Ca mice infected with 5 × 104Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudiAS-parasitized erythrocytes experience acute but self-limiting infections of relatively short duration. Parasitemia peaks (∼40% infected erythrocytes) on day 10 or 11 and is then partially resolved over the ensuing 5 to 6 days, a period referred to as crisis. How humoral and cellular immune mechanisms contribute to parasite killing and/or clearance during crisis is controversial. Humoral immunity might be parasite variant, line, or species specific, while cellular immune responses would be relatively less specific. ForP. c. chabaudiAS, parasite clearance is largely species and line specific during this time, which suggests a primary role for antibody activity. Accordingly, acute-phase plasma (APP; taken fromP. c. chabaudiAS-infected mice at day 11 or 12 postinfection) was examined for the presence of parasite-specific antibody activity by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antibody binding to the surface of intact, live parasitized erythrocytes, particularly those containing mature (trophozoite and schizont) parasites, was demonstrated by immunofluorescence in APP and the immunoglobulin G (IgG)-containing fraction thereof. Unfractionated APP (fromP. c. chabaudiAS-infected mice), as well as its IgG fraction, specifically mediated the opsonization and internalization ofP. c. chabaudiAS-parasitized erythrocytes by macrophages in vitro. APP from another parasite line (P. c. chabaudiCB) did not mediate the same effect againstP. c. chabaudiAS-parasitized erythrocytes. These results, which may represent one mechanism of parasite removal during crisis, are discussed in relation to the parasite variant, line, and species specificity of parasite clearance during this time.
The Specificity Patterns of Human Immunoglobulin G Antibodies in Serum Differ from Those in Autologous Secretions
Authors: Berneman Armand , Belec Laurent , Fischetti Vincent A. , Bouvet Jean-Pierre 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTThe specificity patterns of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to streptococcal antigens in serum and autologous secretions were compared in order to determine whether IgG found in human secretions is exclusively of serum origin or can also be locally produced irrespective of the systemic immune system. Surface antigens from a type 6 M-protein strain ofStreptococcus pyogeneswere extracted by cell wall digestion and subjected to sodium lauryl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions. After being blotted onto nitrocellulose, the antigens were incubated with purified IgG from various body fluids: saliva, cervicovaginal secretions, seminal fluid, and colostrum. Binding was then revealed with labeled antibodies to human Fcγ fragments. The antibody specificity patterns obtained by computer-assisted analysis were compared with those of paired sera. Major variations were observed between serum and secretions, as well as between different secretions from the same subject. These results are in favor of IgG-associated local immunity within different tissue compartments. This IgG response to mucosal antigens can complement that of secretory IgA in the defense against pathogens and should be taken into account during topical vaccinations.
The Transferrin Binding Protein B of
Moraxella catarrhalis
Elicits Bactericidal Antibodies and Is a Potential Vaccine Antigen
Authors: Myers Lisa E. , Yang Yan-ping , Du Run-pan , Wang Qijun , Harkness Robin E. , Schryvers Anthony B. , Klein Michel H. , Loosmore Sheena M. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT

The transferrin binding protein genes (
tbpA
and
tbpB
) from two strains of
Moraxella catarrhalis
have been cloned and sequenced. The genomic organization of the
M. catarrhalis
transferrin binding protein genes is unique among known bacteria in that
tbpA
precedes
tbpB
and there is a third gene located between them. The deduced sequences of the
M. catarrhalis
TbpA proteins from two strains were 98% identical, while those of the TbpB proteins from the same strains were 63% identical and 70% similar. The third gene, tentatively called
orf3
, encodes a protein of approximately 58 kDa that is 98% identical between the two strains. The
tbpB
genes from four additional strains of
M. catarrhalis
were cloned and sequenced, and two potential families of TbpB proteins were identified based on sequence similarities. Recombinant TbpA (rTbpA), rTbpB, and rORF3 proteins were expressed in
Escherichia coli
and purified. rTbpB was shown to retain its ability to bind human transferrin after transfer to a membrane, but neither rTbpA nor rORF3 did. Monospecific anti-rTbpA and anti-rTbpB antibodies were generated and used for immunoblot analysis, which demonstrated that epitopes of
M. catarrhalis
TbpA and TbpB were antigenically conserved and that there was constitutive expression of the
tbp
genes. In the absence of an appropriate animal model, anti-rTbpA and anti-rTbpB antibodies were tested for their bactericidal activities. The anti-rTbpA antiserum was not bactericidal, but anti-rTbpB antisera were found to kill heterologous strains within the same family. Thus, if bactericidal ability is clinically relevant, a vaccine comprising multiple rTbpB antigens may protect against
M. catarrhalis
disease.
Deletion of the Central Proline-Rich Repeat Domain Results in Altered Antigenicity and Lack of Surface Expression of the
Streptococcus mutans
P1 Adhesin Molecule
Authors: Brady L. J. , Cvitkovitch D. G. , Geric C. M. , Addison M. N. , Joyce J. C. , Crowley P. J. , Bleiweis A. S. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT

Members of the family of surface adhesins of oral streptococci, including P1 of
Streptococcus mutans
, contain two highly conserved repeat domains, one rich in alanine (A region) and the other rich in proline (P region). To assess the contribution of the P region to the biological properties of P1, an internal deletion in
spaP
was engineered. In addition, the P region was subcloned and expressed as a fusion partner with the maltose binding protein of
Escherichia coli
and liberated by digestion with factor Xa. Results of Western blot experiments in which recombinant polypeptides were probed with a panel of 11 monoclonal antibodies indicated that the P region is a necessary component of conformational epitopes within the central portion of P1. Antibodies reactive with the P region were detected in a polyclonal rabbit antiserum generated against whole
S. mutans
cells but not in two rabbit antisera generated against purified P1 (
M
r
∼ 185,000), suggesting that this domain is immunogenic on the surface of intact bacteria but not as part of a soluble full-length molecule. Finally, transformation of a
spa
P-negative mutant with a shuttle vector containing an internally deleted
spa
P lacking P-region DNA resulted in a complete absence of surface-localized P1 and substantially less P1 in sonicated cells compared to the case for the mutant complemented with the full-length gene. These results suggest that the P region is an integral component contributing to the conformation of the central region of P1 and indicate that its presence is necessary for surface expression of the molecule on
S. mutans
.
α-GlcNAc-1→2-α-Glc, theSalmonellaHomologue of a Conserved Lipopolysaccharide Motif in theEnterobacteriaceae, Elicits Broadly Cross-Reactive Antibodies
Authors: Nnalue Ndubisi Anthony 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTTo define cross-reactive epitopes inSalmonellalipopolysaccharide (LPS), antisera designated anti-S, anti-Ra, and anti-Re were generated against smooth (S), complete-core (Ra), and deep-core mutant (Re) strains, respectively, and characterized immunochemically. The reactivities of anti-Ra and anti-S with rough LPS (rLPS) chemotypes in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) decreased progressively with increasing truncation of the complete-core oligosaccharide (e.g., Ra > Rb1>…Re), while that of anti-Re increased (Ra < Rb1<…Re). Anti-Ra was relatively more reactive with nonhomologous smooth LPS (sLPS) than anti-S, which in turn was more reactive than anti-Re. This order reflected the relative reactivities of these sera with outer-core rLPS but not those with inner-core rLPS, which suggests that the cross-reactivities of all three sera with sLPS were mediated by antibodies which bind outer-core determinants. Anti-Ra, but not anti-S or anti-Re, reacted with molecules substituted by O chains in immunoblots and revealed ladder-like patterns in sLPSs of various serospecificities. Anti-Ra, however, did not react with O-antigen-specific neoglycoconjugates in ELISA, thus demonstrating specificity for core epitopes. Ra and Rb1but not otherSalmonellacore chemotypes inhibited the reactivity of anti-Ra with sLPS in ELISA, which showed that the terminal outer-core disaccharide, α-GlcNAc-1→2-α-Glc (GlcNAc→Glc), was the major epitope of cross-reactive antibodies in the serum. GlcNAc→Glc represents the conserved motif α-hexose-1→2-α-hexose in cores of theEnterobacteriaceae, other homologues of which should likewise be cross-reactive. These results demonstrate that S or Re strains do not elicit cross-reactive antibodies and indicate that immunization with Ra strains may represent a general strategy for eliciting cross-reactive antibodies against LPSs from enteric bacteria.
Role of Immunoglobulin A Monoclonal Antibodies against P23 in Controlling MurineCryptosporidium parvumInfection
Authors: Enriquez F. Javier , Riggs Michael W. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTCryptosporidium parvumis an important diarrhea-causing protozoan parasite of immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) has been implicated in resistance to mucosal infections with bacteria, viruses, and parasites, but little is known about the role of IgA in the control ofC. parvuminfection. We assessed the role of IgA duringC. parvuminfection in neonatal mice. IgA-secreting hybridomas were developed by using Peyer’s patch lymphocytes from BALB/c mice which had been orally inoculated with viableC. parvumoocysts. Six monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were selected for further study based on indirect immunofluorescence assay reactivity with sporozoite and merozoite pellicles and the antigen (Ag) deposited on glass substrate by gliding sporozoites. Each MAb was secreted in dimeric form and recognized a 23-kDa sporozoite Ag in Western immunoblots. The Ag recognized comigrated in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with P23, a previously defined neutralization-sensitive zoite pellicle Ag. MAbs were evaluated for prophylactic or therapeutic efficacy againstC. parvum, singly and in combinations, in neonatal BALB/c mice. A combination of two MAbs given prophylactically prior to and 12 h following oocyst challenge reduced the number of intestinal parasites scored histologically by 21.1% compared to the numbers in mice given an isotype-matched control MAb (P< 0.01). Individual MAbs given therapeutically in nine doses over a 96-h period following oocyst challenge increased efficacy againstC. parvuminfection. Four MAbs given therapeutically each reduced intestinal infection 34.4 to 42.2% compared to isotype-matched control MAb-treated mice (P< 0.05). One MAb reduced infection 63.3 and 72.7% in replicate experiments compared to isotype-matched control MAb-treated mice (P< 0.0001). We conclude that IgA MAbs directed to neutralization-sensitive P23 epitopes may have utility in passive immunization against murineC. parvuminfection.
In Vivo Transduction with Shiga Toxin 1-Encoding Phage
Authors: Acheson David W. K. , Reidl Joachim , Zhang Xiaoping , Keusch Gerald T. , Mekalanos John J. , Waldor Matthew K. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT

To facilitate the study of intestinal transmission of the Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1)-converting phage H-19B, Tn
10d-bla
mutagenesis of an
Escherichia coli
H-19B lysogen was undertaken. Two mutants containing insertions in the gene encoding the A subunit of Stx1 were isolated. The resultant ampicillin-resistant
E. coli
strains lysogenic for these phages produced infectious H-19B particles but not active toxin. These lysogens were capable of transducing an
E. coli
recipient strain in the murine gastrointestinal tract, thereby demonstrating that lysogens of Shiga toxin-converting phages give rise to infectious virions within the host gastrointestinal tract.
Starvation Selection Restores Elastase and Rhamnolipid Production in a
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Quorum-Sensing Mutant
Authors: Van Delden Christian , Pesci Everett C. , Pearson James P. , Iglewski Barbara H. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT

The
las
quorum-sensing system of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
controls the expression of elastase and rhamnolipid. We report that starvation can select a mutant producing these virulence factors in spite of a
lasR
deletion. Expression of the autoinducer synthase gene
rhlI
was increased in this suppressor mutant, suggesting compensation by the
rhl
system. These data show that
P. aeruginosa
can restore elastase and rhamnolipid production in the absence of a functional
las
quorum-sensing system.