bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The reactivity of cinnamic acid derivatives as lignin precursors
Authors: Karimov O. K. , Kolchina G. Y. , Teptereva G. A. , Chetvertneva I. A. , Karimov E. K. , Badretdinov A. R. 
Published: September 2020

Objectives. Cinnamic acid derivatives belong to a large class of phenolic compounds, which are widely distributed in plants and have high potential for use in the medical and industrial fields. They have various useful practical properties, e.g., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet, and anti-melanogenic properties. Hydroxycinnamic acids are of particular interest as phenylpropanoids, which are the starting compounds of lignin. The aim of this work was to study the electronic structure and analyze the reactivity of the simplest representatives of phenylpropanoids formed during the biosynthesis of the coumaric (p-hydroxycinnamic), caffeic (3,4-dihydroxycinnamic), ferulic (3-methoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic), sinapic (3,5-dimethoxy-4- hydroxycinnamic), and 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acids. These acids are the biogenetic precursors of most other phenolic compounds (coumarins, melanins, lignins, and flavonoids) and are found in almost all higher plants.Methods.Calculations with full optimization of the geometric parameters were performed using the original Hartree–Fock theory and hybrid density functional method. All calculations were performed using the Firefly program.Results.A comparative quantum chemical calculation of the geometric parameters of hydroxycinnamic acid molecules was conducted via two methods, and the values of the charges on atoms according to Mulliken were determined. It was found that with the addition of hydroxyl and methoxy substituents at the meta and para positions relative to the carboxyl fragment, the electron density shifts toward the benzene ring, and the symmetry of the molecule decreases. Additionally, in these structures, there is π,π-conjugation of the carboxyl fragment of the –СН=СНСООН molecule with the aromatic ring, which significantly affects the geometric configuration of the molecule. The maximum positive charge is concentrated on the C9 atom, while the maximum negative charge is on the oxygen atoms belonging to the methoxy substituents and the hydroxyl group, which confirms the role of oxygen atoms in the chemical transformations of acids.Conclusions.Two different methods were used to calculate the geometric, electronic, and energy parameters and electrophilicity indices of the studied hydroxycinnamic acids in the gas phase. The obtained values were consistent (within the limits of error) with the experimental data as well as the results described in earlier works’ calculations by other methods.
Scientific activity of Ya.K. Syrkin at the Faculty of Chemistry of the IvanovoVoznesensk Polytechnic Institute and in the Ivanovo Institute of Chemistry and Technology (1918–1932)
Authors: Malyasova A. S. , Koifman O. I. 
Published: September 2020

Objectives. Preserving the continuity of scientific schools and increasing scientific motivation is critical for educating new generations of researchers. One way to solve this problem is to promote the historically significant achievements of outstanding scientists working in the field, without which the foundations of modern chemical technologies cannot be imagined. The field of physical chemistry benefited immensely from the contributions made by Professor Yakov Kivovich Syrkin. This article is devoted to the analysis of the growth of Ya.K. Syrkin as a scientist and discusses his main scientific contributions to physical and quantum chemistry. Methods. The article was prepared using archival materials, bibliographic references, original texts of articles, and scientific reports. Results. The article details and documents the main scientific achievements of Ya.K. Syrkin during his work at the Ivanovo-Voznesensk Polytechnic Institute and the Ivanovo Institute of Chemistry and Technology between 1918 and 1932, showing his growth and development as a young scientist through his interactions with teachers and colleagues. Syrkin’s research on chemical equilibrium, reaction kinetics, thermodynamics, catalysis, solution theory, solvate effects, and colloidal systems are presented herein. Conclusions. A retrospective analysis of the career of Ya.K. Syrkin shows the scope of his research interests and his ability to build on the foundations provided by great predecessors such as Gibbs, Van’t Hoff, Arrhenius, Ostwald, and Nernst. A comprehensive study of fundamental and applied aspects of physical chemistry guided Syrkin’s approach to understanding the importance of molecular structure and the nature of chemical bonds in all observed chemical phenomena.
SERUM MAGNESIUM LEVELS IN WOMEN’S WHO ATTAINED MENOPAUSE NATURALLY AND SURGICALLY: ANALYTICAL CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Kumari Rashmi , Kumari Usha , Sinha Krishna 
Published: September 2020

Aim: Serum magnesium levels in women’s who attained menopause naturally and surgically.
Methods: The present analytical cross sectional study was conducted on patients (out patients and in patients) in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India. Group 1 (N=60): Women who had undergone hysterectomy with bilateral salphingoophorectomy at least 6 month ago. Group 2 (N=60): Women who have attained natural menopause at least 1 year ago. Serum magnesium was estimated by magnesium by Xylidyl blue colorimetric assay.
Results: In the present study maximum number of the patients 26 (43.3%) were in the age group of 46-50 years for the post surgical menopausal group and in the natural menopausal group maximum number of the patients were in the age group of 51-55 years 23 (38.3%). Maximum numbers of patients are multiparous in both groups. Hypomagnesemia was observed in 29 (48.3%) natural menopausal group and 17 (28.3%) were postsurgical menopausal. Hypermagnesemia was observed in 1 (1.7%) postsurgical menopausal group.
Conclusions: The prevalence of osteoporosis is very high in this part of India. Both natural and post- surgical menopausal women have lower levels of serum magnesium.
Keywords: Osteoporosis, Serum Magnesium
EVALUATE THE EXISTING MMR AND THE ETIOLOGY OF MATERNAL MORTALITY IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN BIHAR: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS.
Authors: Rani Sweety , Sinha Abha Rani 
Published: September 2020

Aim: to assess the existing MMR and the causes of maternal mortality.
Materials and Methods: The present retrospective hospital based study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar from Jan 2017 to march 2018.
Results: A total of 56 deaths were analyzed. The mortality rate in study period was 333 per 1,00,000 live births. Maximum maternal deaths (60.7%) were reported in the age group 21-25 years. More deaths were reported in multiparous women (67.9%) as compared to primiparous women (32.1%). Most of them were unbooked cases (60%). Hemorrhage (30.4%), eclampsia (16.1%), sepsis (12.5%) and embolism (7.1%) were the major direct causes of maternal death. Anemia (16.1%) was the major indirect cause of death.
Conclusions: Hemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal death followed by hypertensive disorders and sepsis. Anemia continues to be the most common indirect cause. Majority of maternal deaths were preventable by proper antenatal care, early detection of high risk pregnancies and their timely referral to tertiary care centre.
Keywords: MMR, Hemorrhage, Sepsis, Anemia
THE PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS PRESENTED WITH POSTERIOR FOSSA EXTRA DURAL HEMATOMA IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL: A RETROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY.
Authors: Karn Deepak 
Published: September 2020

Aim: to determine the prevalence and clinical profile of patients presented with posterior fossa extra dural hematoma.
Materials and Methods: The present retrospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery, SKMCH, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India. The records were retrospectively analyzed for clinical presentation, admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), mode of injury, type of intervention and postoperative outcome. Outcomes were assessed on the basis of Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) at the time of discharge and at 3 months
Results: Of these 39 patients, 28 were males and 11 females. The mean age of patients was 29.21 years. 24 patients had GCS 13-15 at admission followed by 9 with GCS 9-12 and only 5 of them had GCS <9 at admission. Mean EDH volume was 28.7 ml. 36 patients were operated, 5 patients managed conservatively.
Conclusion: The posterior fossa is an uncommon site for epidural haematomas. Due to the small volume of the posterior fossa and contained important structures mortality can be high if the haematoma is missed. Clinical progress is silent and slow, but the deterioration is sudden and quick to become fatal if not promptly treated. Early recognition is extremely important.
Keywords: Extradural hematoma, Posteriors fossa, GCS, Trauma
EVALUATE THE DEGREE OF CHRONIC PELVIC PAIN AND DEGREE OF ADHESION: A CLINICO-OBSERVATIONAL STUDY.
Authors: Rani Sweety , Sinha Abha Rani 
Published: September 2020

Aim: To evaluate degree of chronic pelvic pain and degree of adhesion.
Materials and Methods: The present clinico-observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna, from December 2016 to December 2017.among 40 women diagnosed with endometriosis. Pain intensity was assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) and categorized as mild, moderate or severe accordingly. This was followed by laparoscopy/ laparotomy and staging of endometriosis which was done as per the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) classification system. Corrective procedures were done simultaneously.
Results: Mean age of study cohort was 30 ±5.75 years. As per VAS, majority felt moderate pain (47.5%) in present study. The presenting symptoms were dysmenorrhoea (45.0%), dyspareunia (17.5%) and chronic pelvic pain (35.5%).
Conclusion: Degree of tubal involvement was more in all the women as compared to ovarian involvement. Post-operatively the intensity of the pain subsides.
Keywords: VAS, Adhesion, Endometriosis, Tubal, Ovarian
VITAMIN D SUPPLEMENTATION AND ITS EFFECT ON PREGNANCY OUTCOME: A COMPARATIVE STUDY.
Authors: Kumari Rashmi , Kumari Usha , Sinha Krishna 
Published: September 2020

Aim: to determine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on pregnancy outcome.
Materials and methods: The present prospective comparative interventional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Bhagalpur,Bihar,India. Total 80 patients were divided in to two groups. Group I (n=40): received only routine iron, folic acid and calcium supplementation (irrespective of vitamin D level). Group II (n=40): vitamin D supplementation (irrespective of vitamin D level) in the form of oral cholecalciferol sachet 60,000IU vitamin D weekly from 10 weeks of pregnancy until delivery along with routine iron, folic acid and calcium supplementation.
Results: Pre-eclampsia was observed in 22.5% of the patients who didn’t receive vitamin D supplement whereas the group I which received supplementation showed on pre-eclampsia in 6.7% of the patients (p=0.001).
Conclusion: This study concludes that there is significant role of vitamin D supplementation in pregnant women in prevention of pre-eclampsia.
Keywords: pre-eclampsia, vitamin D, singleton
EFFICACY OF ENDOSCOPIC VERSUS MICROSCOPIC REMOVAL OF PITUITARY NONINVASIVE ADENOMA: A PROSPECTIVE COMPARATIVE STUDY.
Authors: Karn Deepak 
Published: September 2020

Aim: to evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic versus microscopic removal of pituitary noninvasive adenoma.
Materials and methods: The present prospective comparative was conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery, SKMCH, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India among 40 patients diagnosed of noninvasive pituitary Adenoma. Group I (n=22); underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery. Group II (n=18): underwent microscopic transsphenoidal surgery.
Results: A total of 40 patients with pituitary noninvasive adenoma were operated transsphenoidally. Endonasal endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (group I) was carried out among 22 patients and 18 patients were operated by microscopic transsphenoidal surgery (group II). In group I, complete tumor excision was achieved in 14 (63.6%) patients, and in group II, it was achieved in 10 (55.6%) patients.
Conclusion: Both techniques are valid for the treatment of pituitary noninvasive adenomas. However, endoscopy proves to be superior for resection followed by less post-operative complication in comparison to microscopic technique.
Keywords: endoscopy, microscopy, pituitary adenoma
EVALUATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OF THYROID DYSFUNCTION AND ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY.
Authors: Rani Sweety , Sinha Abha Rani 
Published: September 2020

Aim: To evaluate the relationship between of thyroid dysfunction and abnormal Uterine bleeding.
Materials and Methods: The present retrospective hospital based study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar from September 2016 to July 2017.110 patients with abnormal uterine bleeding of were found to be eligible for inclusion in the study.
Results: Mean age of the study subjects was 32.71 years. Majority of patients was multiparous (58.2%). 40.0% of women presented with complaint of heavy menstrual bleeding. 42.7% of the study subjects were having thyroid dysfunction
Conclusion: Abnormal uterine bleeding found strongly associated with thyroid related disorders. Hence the evaluation of thyroid function forms an essential component among abnormal uterine bleeding patients
Keywords: Abnormal Uterine Bleeding, Thyroid Dysfunction
EVALUATION OF POSITIVITY OF CRP TEST IN EARLY ONSET NEONATAL SEPSIS IN RELATION TO DURATION OF PROM VS PROM DELIVERY INTERVAL (PDI)
Authors: Sharma Samiksha , Jha Girijanand , Singh Binod Kr , Kumar Saroj 
Published: September 2020

Early onset infections are caused by organism prevalent in the maternal genital tract or in the delivery area. PROM is rupture of membranes before the onset of labour after 37 completed weeks of gestation. Intra amniotic infection is an acute inflammation of the membrane and chorion of the placenta, typically due to ascending polymicrobial bacterial infection in the setting of membrane rupture. Hence based on above conditions the present study was planned for Evaluation of Positivity of CRP test in early Onset Neonatal Sepsis in Relation to Duration of PROM vs PROM Delivery Interval (PDI).
The present study was planned in Department of Pediatrics, Nalanda Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India. The study was planned from November 2018 to June 2019. In the present study 50 mothers attended t antenatal clinic towards term pregnancy with history of leaking or confirmed PROM were enrolled. Clinical PROM was confirmed by speculum examination and the duration was recorded. All cases managed actively and the interval between PROM and delivery were recorded in obstetric unit of this hospital.
The data generated from the present study concludes that even if 6 hour PROM is high risk for EONS, PDI should be considered first before PROM. So that, we will be more cautious and supportive and use of antibiotics in treatment to prevent need for neonatal intensive care without increase in perinatal morbidity and mortality.
Keywords: Early onset Sepsis (EOS), C- Reactive Protein (CRP), Premature rupture of membrane( PROM) PROM delivery interval(PDI), etc.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ENDOSCOPIC DISCECTOMY AND LUMBAR LAMINECTOMY IN LUMBAR DISC DISEASES
Authors: Karn Deepak 
Published: September 2020

Lumbar disc disease accounts for a large amount of lost productivity in the workforce. Accurate diagnosis can be difficult and often requires interpretation. Treatment is controversial. Treatment failures are not uncommon, are often related to posttraumatic or work-related injuries, and may result in litigation.
The present study was planned in Department of Neurosurgery, SKMCH, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India. In the present study 50 Patients Suffered from Lumbar disc diseases were enrolled and divided based different surgery procedure. In the present study 25 cases of the patients undergoing Endoscopic Discectomy and 25 cases of patients undergoing Lumbar Laminectomy surgery were enrolled.
The experience gained from the patients operated upon for lumbar disc herniation by endoscopic technique and conventional laminectomy with discectomy in the present study was presented herewith. All patients had virgin lumbar radiculopathy with positive clinical findings and MRI evidence of herniation. The endoscopic approach meant a shorter operating time, less bleeding during surgery, immediate mobilization of patients and shorter post-operative stay in the hospital and return to work in 7 days which is less than half the usual time in laminectomy with discectomy. In endoscopic technique fewer incidence of wound infections, Catheterization in endoscopic while urinary infection along with catheterization was very low. No patients developed pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, and increase in neurological deficit or nerve root injury. Thus endoscopic approach to discectomy for herniated lumbar disc remains the procedure of choice for majority of patients requiring surgery and it continues to be the Gold standard against which all procedures must be measured.
Keywords: Endoscopic Discectomy, Lumbar Laminectomy, Lumbar disc diseases, etc.
EVALUATE THE DIRECT AND INDIRECT ETIOLOGIES OF MATERNAL MORTALITY: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS.
Authors: Kumari Rashmi , Kumari Usha , Sinha Krishna 
Published: September 2020

Aim: prevalence and the various direct and indirect etiologies of maternal mortality.
Materials and Methods: The present 1 years retrospective hospital based study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Bhagalpur,Bihar,India
Results: A total of 56 deaths were analyzed. The mortality rate in study period was 333 per 1,00,000 live births. Maximum maternal deaths (60.7%) were reported in the age group 21-25 years. More deaths were reported in multiparous women (67.9%) as compared to primiparous women (32.1%). Most of them were unbooked cases (60%). Hemorrhage (30.4%), eclampsia (16.1%), sepsis (12.5%) and embolism (7.1%) were the major direct causes of maternal death. Anemia (16.1%) was the major indirect cause of death.
Conclusions: Hemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal death followed by hypertensive disorders and sepsis. Anemia continues to be the most common indirect cause. Majority of maternal deaths were preventable by proper antenatal care, early detection of high risk pregnancies and their timely referral to tertiary care centre.
Keywords: MMR, Hemorrhage, Sepsis, Anemia
A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE PREVALENCE AND CLINIC-ETIOLOGIC PROFILE OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA IN PREGNANCY: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY.
Authors: Rani Sweety , Sinha Abha Rani 
Published: September 2020

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and clinic-etiologic profile of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy:
Materials and Methods: The present hospital based observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar from July 2016 to January 2017. A detailed obstetrics history was obtained and maternal high risk factors like preeclampsia, eclampsia, DIC, HELLP syndromes etc were noted. Medical history like anemia, malaria, dengue, liver disorder, current or previous bleeding problems, family history of bleeding & transfusion history were noted. Clinical findings suggestive of thrombocytopenia like petechiae, ecchymoses etc. were noted.
Results: Out of total 74 patients, Gestational thrombocytopenia was the most common etiological factor with 41.9% cases followed by 35.1% for hypertensive disorders including HELLP syndrome followed by 6.8% for Malaria and dengue. The most common hemorrhagic presentation was petechiae, ecchymosis & purpura in 33.8% cases. Among the thrombocytopenic pregnant women in our study, 60.8% had mild thrombocytopenia, 24.3% had moderate thrombocytopenia and 14.9% had severe thrombocytopenia
Conclusion: The study demonstrated that thrombocytopenia is a frequent finding in pregnancy. It has many potential causes but gestational thrombocytopenia (GT) predominates. Degree of thrombocytopenia was mild to moderate.
Keywords: Pregnancy, Thrombocytopenia, Petechiae, Ecchymosis
LIPID PROFILE AND ITS ABNORMALITIES IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED TYPE 2 DIABETICS: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Kumar Naresh , Ram Bhim 
Published: September 2020

Background: Diabetes is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and disturbances of carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism. We aimed to research association between serum lipid profile and blood glucose, hypothesizing that early detection and treatment of lipid abnormalities can minimize the risk for atherogenic cardiovascular disorder and cerebrovascular accident in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the lipid profile levels in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics in the Department of General Medicine in Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India from March 2019 to February 2020. A total of 200 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics were enrolled in our study.
Results: In our study, 96 (48.0%) participants had normal serum triglycerides levels which is <150 mg/dl whereas 104 (52.0%) participants had an abnormal level of serum triglycerides. Among the 104 (52.0%) participants with abnormal triglycerides, 30.5% had borderline high levels (150-199mg/dl), 19.5% had high levels (200-499 mg/dl) and 2% participants had very high triglycerides (≥500 mg/dl. In our study, among the 200 participants, 142 (71%) participants had desirable total Cholesterol levels of <200mg/dl, 51 (25.5%) had borderline high levels of 200- 239mg/dl and 7 (3.5%) had high total cholesterol levels of ≥240mg/dl and 31% of participants had near optimal levels of LDL, 35.5% had borderline high levels of LDL, 12% had high levels of LDL and 1% had very high levels of LDL.
Conclusions: Deranged lipid profiles are quite prevalent in type 2 diabetics with females having higher triglyceride levels. Recognition of such elevated triglyceride levels in even newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics will help in better prevention of associated cardiovascular disease.
Keywords: Cardiovascular disease, Hypertriglyceridemia, Type 2 diabetes, Lipid profile