bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quasi Gelfand Triples
Authors: Skrepek Nathanael 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe generalize the notion of Gelfand triples (also called Banach-Gelfand triples or rigged Hilbert spaces) by dropping the necessity of a continuous embedding. This means in our setting we lack of a chain inclusion. We replace the continuous embedding by a closed embedding of a dense subspace. This notion will be called quasi Gelfand triple. These triples appear naturally, when we regard the boundary spaces of spatially multidimensional differential operators, e.g., the Maxwell operator. We will show that there is a smallest space where we can continuously embed the entire triple. Moreover, we will show density results for intersections of members of the quasi Gelfand triple. Finally, we show that every quasi Gelfand triple can be decomposed into two “ordinary” Gelfand triples.
Langzeitverläufe bei Schizophrenien
Authors: Nenadić Igor , Falkenberg Irina , Mehl Stephanie , Kircher Tilo 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Entgegen der klassischen Konzeptualisierung der Schizophrenie als eine progressive Erkrankung mit hoher Chronifizierung zeigen aktuelle Langzeitstudien einen höheren Anteil an Remissionen, möglicherweise auch einen höheren Anteil an Recovery als bisher angenommen. Die Heterogenität der klinischen Verläufe spiegelt sich auch in kognitiven und biologischen (z. B. bildgebenden) Variablen wider, in welchen viele Betroffene Remissionen zeigen. Frühe Interventionen in den ersten Wochen und Monaten nach Erkrankungsbeginn sind dabei nicht nur für die unmittelbare Remission, sondern möglicherweise auch für den Langzeitverlauf entscheidend. Die Behandlung und Reduktion somatischer Begleiterkrankungen ist neben einer differenzierten Kerntherapie dabei ein vielversprechender Ansatz, Verläufe auch nach Jahren der Erkrankung positiv zu beeinflussen. Die Identifikation weiterer Prädiktoren, z. B. anhand biologischer Parameter, kann dabei zusammen mit Ansätzen des maschinellen Lernens zur Optimierung einer individualisierten Kerntherapie beitragen.
The clinical applications of dual-layer spectral detector CT in digestive system diseases
Authors: Chen Yidi , Liu Xijiao , Zeng Hanjiang , Zhang Jinge , Li Zhengyan , Wu Bin , Huang Zixing , Song Bin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objective
Dual-layer spectral detector CT (DLCT) has several advantages in clinical practice, this study aims to reveal the clinical applications of DLCT in digestive system diseases.

Materials and methods
We searched PubMed and Cochrane Reviews for articles published from January 1, 2010 to May 31, 2024, using the terms “dual-layer spectral detector CT” or “dual-layer CT” combined with “hepatic fat” or “hepatic fibrosis” “hepatocellular carcinoma” or “pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma” or “pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors” or "gastric cancer" or "colorectal cancer" or "Crohn’s disease" or "bowel ischemia" or "acute abdominal conditions".

Results
DLCT consists of a top layer sensitive to lower-energy photons and a bottom layer sensitive to higher-energy photons. This configuration enables simultaneous acquisition of two energy spectra from a single X-ray beam ensuring consistent spatial alignment and temporal resolution. Spectral raw images allow image post-processing to improve image quality, reduce radiation doses and contrast media doses, and generate multiple quantitative parameters. It has broad potential for early detection, accurate staging, efficacy assessment, and prognosis prediction of liver, pancreatic, and gastrointestinal diseases, as well as for the assessment of digestive system vasculature.

Conclusions
DLCT not only provides valuable information for the clinical diagnosis and therapeutic effect evaluation of digestive system diseases but also may play a more important role in the overall management of digestive diseases and in the decision-making of individualized medicine.

Key Points
QuestionWhat are the advantages of DLCT compared to traditional single-energy CT in the early detection, staging, and therapeutic evaluation of digestive system diseases?
FindingsDLCT enhances image quality, improves tissue characterization, and allows for multi-parametric analysis, making it superior in detecting and evaluating liver, pancreatic, and gastrointestinal diseases.
Clinical relevanceDLCT provides high-quality, multi-parametric imaging that improves the accuracy of diagnosing digestive diseases, facilitates more precise treatment planning, and enhances monitoring of treatment response, ultimately contributing to better patient management and prognosis.
Thyroid doses for the Chornobyl Tissue Bank: improved estimates based on revised methodology and individual residence and diet history
Authors: Masiuk Sergii , Chepurny Mykola , Buderatska Valentyna , Ivanova Olha , Boiko Zulfira , Zhadan Natalia , Chornovol Halyna , Bolgov Mikhail , Shpak Viktor , Tronko Mykola , Cahoon Elizabeth K. , Chanock Stephen J. , Bogdanova Tetiana , Morton Lindsay M. , Drozdovitch Vladimir 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIncreased thyroid cancer incidence has been one of the principal adverse health effects of the Chornobyl (Chernobyl) nuclear power plant accident. Accurate dose estimation is critical for assessing the radiation dose-response relationship. Current dosimetry estimates for individuals from the Chornobyl Tissue Bank (CTB) are based only on the limited information on their places of residence at the time of the accident and/or at the time of surgery for thyroid cancer. The present study aimed to assess whether additional residential and dietary history data collected during personal interviews would substantially impact dose estimates. This paper presents an assessment of thyroid doses from 131I intake for the 197 exposed individuals from the CTB with pathologically confirmed papillary thyroid cancer. Thyroid doses, which had been calculated for these individuals in 2010, were revised in this study using the recently substantially revised ‘Thyroid Dosimetry 2020 system for Ukraine’ (TDU20). In addition, residence and diet history data were collected during personal interviews with individuals for whom dosimetry-related data were scarce. The arithmetic mean of thyroid doses estimated in this study was 510 mGy (previously 700 mGy), while the median was 81 mGy (previously 120 mGy). A rather wide range of thyroid doses from zero to 11.9 Gy (previously up to 15.0 Gy) was observed among study participants. The uncertainties in doses were characterized by the geometric standard deviation of 1,000 individual stochastic doses. As a result, the geometric standard deviation varied from 1.3 to 5.3 with an overall arithmetic mean of 2.7 and a median of 2.9. This study clearly showed that the use of individual questionnaire data in dose assessment of individuals who completed personal dosimetry interviews had a noticeable impact on the thyroid dose values: the thyroid doses changed by more than 100 mGy in 31 out of 104 (29.8% of the total) individuals, while such changes due to the use of TDU20 were observed in 18 out of 104 (17.3%) individuals. Clearly, future focused studies using samples from the CTB would benefit from personal interviews to improve dose estimates. Another lesson learned from this study is that whenever a radiation accident occurs, it is important to ask affected people by health and radiation safety authorities to keep records of their own behavior and diet, and, if possible, those of their children.
Black spruce boreal forest soil solution inorganic nitrogen is highly resilient to 20 years of elevated nitrogen deposition
Authors: Houle Daniel , Renaudin Marie , Moore Jean-David , Duchesne Louis 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSoil solution is the liquid phase of soil containing nutrients that are essential for vegetation’s health and growth. As such, soil solution chemistry is directly related to nutrient cycling and productivity in forest ecosystems. However, the long-term impacts of elevated N deposition on boreal forest soil solution composition remain uncertain. In this study, we investigate the effects of two decades of ammonium nitrate addition applied at rates of 3 (LN treatment) and 10 (HN treatment) times the ambient N deposition on soil solution collected weekly during the snow-free period at a black spruce boreal forest site located in eastern Canada. We show that N addition corresponding to 60 years (LN treatment) and 200 years (HN treatment) of accelerated ambient N deposition had nearly no important nor lasting impacts on soil solution NO3− and NH4+ concentrations. This reveals that N deposition will most likely not significantly impact Canadian boreal forests soil solution inorganic N concentration in the future. Based on these results and along with NOx emissions data measured globally in North America and on NO3–N deposition recorded at our experimental forest site, it is also likely that N deposition never affected Canadian forests’ soil chemistry in the past, even at the peak of N emission in North America in the 70 s. Our results indicate a surprisingly strong and widespread resilience of the eastern Canadian boreal forest soil solution chemistry and inorganic N content to long-term N deposition. This resilience can be partially explained by an important N-limitation in high-latitude forest ecosystems.
Scale dependence of bird diversity in London
Authors: Dein Jacob , Tran Liem 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Context
Understanding drivers of biodiversity in cities can be mutually beneficial for ecosystems and people. Crowd-sourced bird observations provide an opportunity to assess how patterns of bird diversity change across observation scales and suggest driving processes.

Objectives
We assessed the scale dependence of bird diversity within a 128 × 128 km extent over London’s urban–rural gradient to suggest scales at which key drivers may be operating.

Methods
We quantified scale variance of bird diversity across scales from 500 m to 64,000 m for three groups of species (All, Passeriformes, and Anseriformes and Charadriiformes combined). We estimated diversity by aggregating observations into a series of grids and computed comparable diversity estimates within each cell using interpolation and rarefaction. We calculated the variance explained by each scale for common diversity metrics.

Results
The results show that bird diversity patterns around London vary by scale, and that the location of high variance shifts across the study area depending on both scale and species group. The variance of Passeriformes diversity gradually shifted from the urban core to the periphery, while variance of Anseriformes and Charadriiformes diversity occurred near water features.

Conclusions
The results suggest that the urban–rural gradient and location of water are two properties of the study extent around London influencing the scale dependance of bird diversity that could be used to ground scale considerations of further modeling efforts.
Generative artificial intelligence in management research: a practical guide on mistakes to avoid
Authors: Lorenz Felix , Lorenzen Solvej , Franco Matheus , Velz Julius , Clauß Thomas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntegrating generative artificial intelligence (AI) into academic research has opened new horizons for enhancing efficiency, accuracy, and innovation in the research process. While recent reviews, conceptualizations, and editorials highlight the potential or provide policy views, we want to give a practical guide on using generative AI in management research and which pitfalls to avoid. We offer five practical tips on what to avoid when using generative AI during the research process. Further, we provide practical guidelines, highlighting AI’s limitations and attempting to provide an outlook on each stage. In doing so, we provide comprehensive guidance on the promises and pitfalls for researchers seeking to leverage AI in the research process.
Biting behavior against Varroa mites in honey bees is associated with changes in mandibles, with tracking by a new mobile application for mite damage identification
Authors: Li-Byarlay Hongmei , Young Kaila , Cleare Xaryn , Cao Deng , Luo Shudong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Certain populations of feral or wild European Honey Bees (EHB), Apis mellifera, have developed a tolerance of or persistence against the parasitic mite Varroa destructor in the USA. Although the grooming or mite-biting behavior is a trait bees use to defend against parasitic Varroa mites, little information is available concerning the grooming or mite-biting behavior of feral EHBs. Accordingly, we observed damaged mites of feral bees in Ohio (Apis mellifera ligustica) and commercial bees in four field seasons, 2020 to 2023, as well as feral bees in Kentucky (A. mellifera mellifera) in 2023, for a total of 7494 mites. When the mite-biting behavior was compared among these three populations, feral bees of Ohio (A. m. ligustica) and Kentucky (A. m. mellifera) displayed a significantly higher percentage (22% and 27% more) than the commercial bees. To investigate the mechanism of the mite-biting behavior, we examined bee mandibles. Mandibles are the primary mouthparts and tools used to remove or amputate the Varroa mites. Gentle Africanized honey bees (gAHB, A. mellifera scutellata-hybrid) in Puerto Rican exhibit mite resistance through microevolution on the island. Asian honey bees (A. cerana) are the original natural host of V. destructor. However, little has been reported on the morphometric analysis of mandibles between the two species A. cerana and A. mellifera and between the subspecies A. m. scutellata-hybrid and A. m. ligustica. Utilizing X-ray micro-computed tomography (microCT), we then examined the three-dimensional morphology of mandibles in (1) A. cerana, (2) gAHB A. m. scutellata-hybrid, (3) Ohio feral A. m. ligustica, and (4) package or commercial colonies A. m. ligustica. Our findings revealed distinctive three-dimensional shapes of mandibles, indicating substantial variations among these populations. These variations suggest that mandible morphology has an integral role in the bee’s defensive mechanisms against parasitic mites. We also developed the first smartphone application to quantify the mite damage by applying artificial intelligence to image analysis. This research contributes valuable insights into the prospective selection and breeding of honey bees with enhanced mite resistance, thus promoting the sustainability of apiculture.
Zusammenhang zwischen Gender, empathisierender sowie systematisierender Denkweise und dem Fachinteresse sowie der Kurswahl in der Sekundarstufe II von Lernenden im Fach Physik
Authors: Welberg Julia , Schneider Ann-Katrin , Laumann Daniel , Heinicke Susanne 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungInteresse ist eine zentrale Variable des Lernens und beeinflusst die Kurswahl in der Sekundarstufe II. Studien zeigen, dass Jungen im Mittel ein stärkeres Fachinteresse Physik haben und häufiger Physikkurse in der Sekundarstufe II wählen als Mädchen. Diese genderbezogenen Unterschiede werden oft mit sozialisierungsbezogenen Argumenten erklärt. Darauf aufbauend wurden Maßnahmen zur interessensbezogenen Förderung und diversitätssensiblen Gestaltung des Unterrichts entwickelt, die Gender als Diversitätsmerkmal berücksichtigen. Betrachtet man die interessensbezogene Wirkung entsprechender Maßnahmen, finden sich eher schwach positive Effekte, die die Frage aufwerfen, inwiefern die Förderung nach Gender der Heterogenität der Interessensausprägung gerecht werden kann.Ergänzende Persönlichkeitsmerkmale zu Gender finden sich beispielsweise in den Neigungen zu empathisierender und systematisierender Denkweise, basierend auf der Empathizing-Systemizing Theory. In einer quantitativen Studie mit Lernenden der Sekundarstufen I und II wurde der Zusammenhang dieser Neigungen zu empathisierender und systematisierender Denkweisen mit dem Fachinteresse Physik und der Kurswahl von Physik in der Sekundarstufe II untersucht. Ein Pfadmodell zeigt, dass die Neigung zu systematisierender Denkweise einen starken Einfluss auf das Fachinteresse Physik hat, was wiederum die Kurswahl beeinflusst. Im Vergleich dazu hat Gender nur einen geringen Einfluss auf das Fachinteresse Physik und die Kurswahl Physik in der Sekundarstufe II. Die Varianzaufklärung des Fachinteresse Physik durch die Neigung zu systematisierender Denkweise in Ergänzung zu Gender (R2 = 0,30) ist höher als durch Gender allein (R2 = 0,07).Der Einbezug von empathisierender und systematisierender Denkweise könnte daher differenziertere Analysen zum Interesse an Physik und zur Kurswahl ermöglichen, was neue Impulse für individuelle Fördermaßnahmen und die diversitätssensible Gestaltung des Physikunterrichts liefern könnte.
Optimizing laser 3D printing parameters for customized rubber latex health shoe insoles
Authors: Chansoda Kanchanabhorn , Chookaew Watcharapong , Suvanjumrat Chakrit 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis research explores the use of additive manufacturing, specifically laser 3D printing, to create customized health shoe insoles from natural rubber latex, following ISO/ASTM 52900:2021 standards. By blending natural rubber latex with additives and dispensing the mixture through a syringe nozzle, the process allows for precise extrusion control, while a laser beam cures the latex in real time. Key process parameters—including laser power, beam angle, source distance, nozzle diameter, extrusion rate, and printing speed—were systematically optimized to ensure high precision and efficiency. Additionally, aesthetic properties, such as color and raster angle, were considered to enhance the product’s visual appeal. Mechanical testing, compliant with ISO 37:2024, validated the durability and performance of the printed rubber specimens. Optimal settings of 10 W for laser power, a 45-degree beam angle, 50 mm source distance, 0.85 mm nozzle diameter, 60 mm/s printing speed, and 0.03 mm3/s extrusion rate were determined, while adding 1% v/v blue pigment further improved the material’s ultimate strength. The curing process, maintained between 80 °C and 90 °C to avoid degradation, enabled the production of a US size 7.5 insole in under 24 h. This innovative approach significantly reduces production time and cost, offering a scalable and efficient solution for the manufacturing of customized rubber products through additive manufacturing.
The representation–usage–impact approach to anticipate long-term social effects of autonomous vehicles
Authors: Lecomte Robin , Yannou Bernard , Cahen Roland , Thibaud Guillaume , Étienne Fabrice 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article explores a new approach to anticipate the social impacts of disruptive products, using autonomous vehicles (AVs) as a case study. It highlights the limitations of current methods in predicting the social effects of new products and proposes that futures studies and strategic foresight can provide better techniques. The main hypothesis is that experts in social sciences can anticipate long-term social impacts by considering contextualized future product usages. The authors propose a new model called Representation–Usage–Impact (RUI), which combines expert knowledge from sociology and other fields. The article presents a detailed structure for the model and describes how experts can contribute their knowledge. Sessions were organized with experts to link AV usages with potential social impacts. The results demonstrate that social science experts can identify a wide range of potential long-term social impacts. The article suggests that the RUI model should be integrated and tested into design and decision-making tools to enhance the understanding of product impacts in practical contexts.
Public Humanities Before Public Humanities
Authors: Risam Roopika 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article makes the case for unearthing a long history of public humanities. The story begins with the very emergence of universities in the United States and continues through key moments where people of color and Indigenous people have shaped the history of public humanities. Risam makes the case against allowing the novelty of the term “public humanities” to erase this history and for resisting cooptation of public humanities by the neoliberal university.
Online robust self-learning terminal sliding mode control for balancing control of reaction wheel bicycle robots
Authors: Zhu Xianjin , Xu Wenfu , Chen Zhang , Deng Yang , Zheng Qingyuan , Liang Bin , Liu Yu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes an online robust self-learning terminal sliding mode control (RS-TSMC) with stability guarantee for balancing control of reaction wheel bicycle robots (RWBR) under model uncertainties and disturbances, which improves the balancing control performance of RWBR by optimising the constrained output of TSMC. The TSMC is designed for a second-order mathematical model of RWBR. Then robust adaptive dynamic programming based on an actor-critic algorithm is used to optimise the TSMC only by data sampled online. The system closed-loop stability and convergence of the neural network weights are guaranteed based on the Lyapunov analysis. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated through simulations and experiments.
Lessons to learn? Using the Inter-American Court of Human Rights’ jurisprudence on amnesties and pardons in the context of the Russo-Ukrainian War
Authors: Masol Sergii , Perez-Leon-Acevedo Juan-Pablo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The standards of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights on amnesties and pardons in mass atrocity cases have been influential in Latin America and beyond. In turn, discussions about possible transitional justice mechanisms related to the Russo-Ukrainian war have involved issues of amnesty and pardon. However, the dicta of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights do not formally bind Ukraine and Russia. By connecting the two (semi-)peripheries of international law – namely, Latin America and Eastern Europe – the present article examines whether and to what extent the jurisprudence in question can shed light on legal and policy solutions for addressing the amnesty and pardon challenges posed by the Minsk agreements, domestic developments in Ukraine and Russia, and a potential future peace accord.