bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Dynamical Instability in Titan’s Thermospheric Jet
Authors: Cordiner M. A. , Garcia-Berrios E. , Cosentino R. G. , Teanby N. A. , Newman C. E. , Nixon C. A. , Thelen A. E. , Charnley S. B. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Similar to Earth, Saturn’s largest moon, Titan, possesses a system of high-altitude zonal winds (or jets) that encircle the globe. Using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in 2016 August, Lellouch et al. discovered an equatorial jet at much higher altitudes than previously known, with a surprisingly fast speed of up to ∼340 m s−1; however, the origin of such high velocities is not yet understood. We obtained spectrally and spatially resolved ALMA observations in 2017 May to map Titan’s 3D global wind field and compare our results with a re-analysis of the 2016 August data. Doppler wind velocity maps were derived in the altitude range ∼300–1000 km (from the upper stratosphere to the thermosphere). At the highest thermospheric altitudes, a 47% reduction in the equatorial zonal wind speed was measured over the 9 month period (corresponding to L

s
= 82°–90° on Titan). This is interpreted as being due to a dramatic slowing and loss of confinement (broadening) of the recently discovered thermospheric equatorial jet, as a result of dynamical instability. These unexpectedly rapid changes in the upper-atmospheric dynamics are consistent with strong variability of the jet’s primary driving mechanism.
Failure of Goniosurgery for Glaucoma Associated With Sturge-Weber Syndrome
Authors: Yeung Helen H. , Kane Steven A. , Turlapati Namratha , Nzuna Jane Song , Walton David S. 
Published: November 2020

Purpose:
To report the surgical results of goniosurgery for children with glaucoma associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome.

Methods:
Retrospective review of medical records of patients who had initial goniosurgery for glaucoma associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome.

Results:
A total of 46 eyes of 42 patients who had glaucoma associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome and were treated with initial goniosurgery were identified to determine the efficacy of therapeutic goniotomy and trabeculotomy (goniosurgery). The average age at the time of goniosurgery was 1.5 years (range: 1 month to 23 years). Office intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements before goniosurgery were recorded in 76% of patients (32 of 42 patients) with an average measurement of 35 mm Hg (range: 25 to 50 mm Hg). The average interval to failure was 4 months (range: 1 to 48 months). Forty-six eyes underwent goniosurgery with a rate of failure of 98% (45 of 46 eyes) and a qualified success rate of 2% (1 of 46 eyes). Fifty-one goniotomy and 11 trabeculotomy procedures were performed. On gonioscopy, the filtration angles were all abnormal with variable width and visibility of the ciliary body band and less visible scleral spur. The trabecular meshwork was seen preoperatively in 100% of eyes (41 of 41 eyes) examined, all of which underwent goniosurgery. Five eyes underwent goniosurgery without documented gonioscopy. The ciliary body band was seen in 39% of eyes (16 of 41 eyes) and the scleral spur was visible in 10% of eyes (4 of 41 eyes).

Conclusions:
Goniosurgery is not an effective initial glaucoma surgery for glaucoma associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome. It can be used to temporize the IOP, but ultimately other forms of glaucoma surgery must be considered when indicated.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2020;57(6):384–387.]
La musique comme analyseur : mutations de la filière musicale et mutation de la recherche sur la musique
Authors: MAGIS Christophe , PERTICOZ Lucien 
Published: November 2020

Première des industries culturelles à avoir subi les conséquences de son manque de préparation aux « révolutions numériques », et notamment au succès de l’informatique connectée et de la norme MP3, l’industrie musicale a connu, au tournant du XXIème siècle, l’une des plus importantes crises de son histoire qui en est pourtant coutumière. Les vingt dernières années ont donc été celles à la fois d’une importante expérimentation sur le plan tant technique que socioéconomique et d’une documentation foisonnante quant aux perspectives de sortie de crise, ou aux transformations des usages sociaux de la musique. Cet article en propose une mise en perspective critique.
Changement technologique et sociabilité : les trois âges des communautés virtuelles africaines
Authors: ALZOUMA Gado 
Published: November 2020

Dans cet article, nous nous proposons d’examiner les multiples facettes des liens qui se forment entre usagers du numérique en Afrique au travers de l’évolution des communautés virtuelles sur le continent au cours des 25 dernières années. Les deux principales questions ayant guidé cette recherche sont les suivantes : quels sont les différents types de communautés virtuelles auxquels les pratiques et l’appropriation du numérique ont donné lieu en Afrique ? Comment sont affectées les structures générales de ces communautés, leurs configurations, lorsque le type d’objet technique qu’elles utilisent pour se fédérer change au cours du temps ? Pour répondre à ces questions, nous accorderons une attention particulière aux changements ayant affecté la technologie et aux nouvelles formes de sociabilité rendues possibles par l’usage de nouvelles applications, notamment les réseaux sociaux et les services de messagerie tels que WhatsApp, mais aussi à la naissance d’une culture numérique africaine qui se manifeste par la croissance exponentielle des applications indigènes, la création des startups africaines, ainsi que la colonisation de l’imaginaire africain par le numérique dans les domaines de l’art et des activités ludiques.
The Future of Undergraduate Immunology Education: Can a Comprehensive Four-Year Immunology Curriculum Answer Calls for Reform in Undergraduate Biology Education?
Authors: Justement Louis B , Bruns Heather A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The field of immunology is rapidly evolving and has significant relevance to understanding human health, particularly in light of the threat from infectious diseases and the ability to harness the immune system to treat cancer, autoimmune diseases, and allergies. Providing opportunities to explore the field of immunology is relevant to undergraduate students interested in pursuing careers in health professions and biomedical research. There are calls for greater emphasis on interdisciplinary science education at the undergraduate level and the acquisition of transferrable competencies that will prepare undergraduates for success in a range of careers. The study of immunology provides an ideal platform to expose students to interdisciplinary science, both at the foundational and applied level. We describe the organization of an immunology curriculum, development of program learning objectives, selection and mapping of content objectives across courses, and programmatic assessment with the intent to meet calls for reform in undergraduate biology education.
Evaluation of Training in Pediatric Ultrasound-guided Vascular Cannulation Using a Model
Authors: López-Álvarez José Manuel , Pérez-Quevedo Olivia , Naya-Esteban Joaquín , Ramirez-Lorenzo Teresa , López-Manteola Sira Alonso-Graña , Lorenzo-Villegas Dionisio Lorenzo 
Published: November 2020

Background:
The study objective was to evaluate a training program and a training model for pediatric ultrasound-guided vascular cannulation (USGVC) by inexperienced operators.

Methods:
An observational descriptive study was conducted at the pediatric intensive care unit of a level-III hospital. The study protocol comprised the following parts: (1) pretraining test; (2) theory and practice training session consisting of an explanation of basic vascular ultrasound concepts plus performing vascular cannulation in a model; (3) posttraining test; and (4) evaluation of the training model.

Results:
A total of 25 health-care professionals participated in the study. All of them possessed the skills to locate vessels and ultrasound planes, and they performed USGVC using the training model. On a 1–5 scale, the model was rated to have 87.6% fidelity with real pediatric patients; the best regarded aspect of it was utility (93%). Differences were found between pre- and post-training scores: 2.72 ± 0.84 versus 4.60 ± 0.50; P < 0.001 (95% confidence interval: −2.28, −1.47). Altogether, 300 ultrasound-guided cannulation procedures were carried out (12 per participant) distributed along the longitudinal axis in plane and the transverse axis out of plane, with 150 punctures in each of them. The success rate for USGVC in the training model was 79.7%, the mean time for the procedure was 115.6 ± 114.9 s, and the mean time for achieving successful cannulation was 87.69 ± 82.81 s. The mean number of trials needed for successful USGVC was 1.49 ± 0.86.

Conclusion:
After undergoing the theory–practice training, participants: (a) improved their knowledge of ultrasound-guided vascular access; (b) positively evaluated the USGVC training model, in particular its utility and fidelity as compared with cannulation in pediatric patients; and (c) achieved a high USGVC success rate in a relatively short time.
Evaluation of Resistive Index of Orbital Vessels Using Color Doppler Imaging in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kanagaraju Vikrant , Divya K. , Raajaganesh M. , Devanand B. 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Resistive index (RI), derived from color Doppler imaging (CDI), is a marker of vascular resistance used widely in varied clinical settings. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between RIs of the orbital vessels in a pure cohort of type 2 diabetic patients with or without retinopathy using CDI.

Methods:
Fifty patients having type 2 diabetes and 50 age-matched controls were evaluated in this prospective study. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) was diagnosed based on seven-field stereo fundus photography and diabetic patients were divided into two. Patients with no DR (n = 26) were taken as Group 1, while patients with DR (n = 24) were taken as Group 2. CDI was performed and the RIs of the ophthalmic artery (OA), posterior ciliary artery (PCA), central retinal artery (CRA), and central retinal vein (CRV) were measured.

Results:
Significant differences were observed in the mean RI values of all orbital arteries between controls and patients with DR (P < 0.05). Comparison of RI values between controls and Group 1 showed no significant differences. Mean RI values of the PCA and CRA were found to be significantly higher in the patients in Group 2 than in Group 1 (P = 0.03 and P < 0.001, respectively). The duration of diabetes correlated with the mean RI of all the orbital vessels. RI of the CRA was a reliable predictive indicator for DR (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:
RIs of the orbital arteries are significantly higher in patients with DR. RI of the orbital vessels can be a potentially useful biomarker in the early diagnosis and follow-up of patients with DR.
GAMBARAN PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN BAYI DENGAN RIWAYAT BBLR DI WILAYAH KERJA UPTD PUSKESMAS PAGERAGEUNG KABUPATEN TASIKMALAYA TAHUN 2017
Authors: Sekarkinanti Laras , Danefi, SST, M.Kes Tupriliany 
Published: November 2020

Kejadian Berat Badan Lahir Rendah di wilayah kerja UPTD Puskesmas Pagerageung Kabupaten Tasikmalaya tahun 2016 mengalami peningkatan dari tahun 2015. Pada tahun 2015 kejadian BBLR sebanyak 30 bayi (4,12%), sedangkan tahun 2016 menjadi 32 bayi (4,18%). BBLR sering kali menyebabkan komplikasi. Komplikasi jangka panjang diantaranya gangguan pertumbuhan dan gangguan perkembangan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui gambaran pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bayi dengan riwayat BBLR di wilayah kerja UPTD Puskesmas Pagerageung Kabupaten Tasikmalaya Tahun 2017. Adapun manfaat dari penelitian ini adalah diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi pada pengembangan ilmu kebidanan khususnya tentang pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bayi.
Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 28 bayi yang memiliki riwayat BBLR dengan teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu total sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar format DDST atau observasi dan kuesioner dan diolah dengan menggunakan analisisunivariat.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa sebagian besar bayi dengan riwayat BBLR mengalami pertumbuhan yang sesuai. Pada perkembangan bayi didapatkan hasil perkembangan tingkah laku sosial, bahasa dan motorik halus mengalami perkembangan yang sesuai tetapi pada perkembangan motorik kasar sebagian besar mengalami perkembangan yang tidak sesuai.
Simpulan penelitian ini yaitu bayi dengan riwayat BBLR mempunyai resiko kecil untuk mendapatkan keterlambatan pertumbuhan namun mempunyai resiko lebih besar terjadinya keterlambatan perkembangan khususnya perkembangan motorik kasar. Saran kepada tenaga kesehatan serta orangtua untuk memantau pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bayi serta memberikan stimulasi secara optimal.
GAMBARAN KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI DI DUSUN PAMEUNGPEUK DESA CIKUNIR KECAMATAN SINGAPARNA TAHUN 2018
Authors: Yasin MUHAMMAD Ade , Amalia Lia 
Published: November 2020

Hipertensi atau yang dikenal dengan nama penyakit darah tinggi adalah suatu keadaan dimana terjadi peningkatan tekanan darah diatas ambang batas normal yaitu 120/80 mmHg. Menurut WHO (World Health Organization), batas tekanan darah yang dianggap normal adalah kurang dari 130/85 mmHg. Bila tekanan darah sudah lebih dari 140/90 mmHg dinyatakan hipertensi (batas tersebut untuk orang dewasa diatas 18 tahun) (Adib, 2009).
Metode penelitian menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain deskriptif, sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh kepala keluarga di Dusun pameungpeuk yaitu 107 orang, Instrumen dalam penelitian yang digunakan adalah lembar kuesioner serta tehnik analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat yang dihitung persentasenya serta disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan dinarasikan
Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa Jumlah responden yang menderita hipertensi sebanyak 22 responden (20,6%) dan yang tidak menderita hipertensi sebanyak 85 responden (79,4%).
Pihak Instansi Kesehatan lebih meningkatkan upaya penanggulangan hipertensi seperti pemberdayaan kader PTM dan penyuluhan faktor risiko hipertensi secara rutin.
Lessen en valkuilen voor wethouders
Authors: Bouwmans Henk 
Published: November 2020

Lessons and pitfalls for aldermen
This article is about how the number of downfalls of aldermen can be controlled or reduced. Behind this main question are two sub-questions: should the alderman, who is now filling his office increasingly professionally, professionalize even more? Or should the alderman take a pause for reflection by thinking about how to hold the office in a more politicizing way, so that it remains accessible to untrained administrators? The answers to these questions are based on the research conducted on the downfalls of aldermen in four consecutive board periods from 2002 to 2018 in the Netherlands. The investigation shows that, for at least half of the downfalls, the alderman directly influenced his fall through his own behaviour or omissions. Better preparation, sharper selection and more professional implementation and guidance during the aldermanship is desirable to reduce the large number of downfalls that are detrimental to the image, role and position of the office of alderman. At the same time, more professionalization of the office because of the desire for efficient and effective implementation, as well as simultaneous decentralization and regionalization, is turning the alderman more and more into a manager. That could mean the end of political aldermanship. The relevance for practitioners is that this article shows that (a) the early departure and the political downfall of aldermen in the period 2002-2018 shows a stable pattern; (b) for at least half of the downfalls the alderman fall through his own behaviour or neglect of influence; (c) better preparation, sharper selection and more professionalization may limit the number of political downfalls of aldermen.
Digitaal leiderschap
Authors: Branderhorst Martiene 
Published: November 2020

Digital leadership. Exploration of the changing role of municipal clerks in the information society
Rapid technological change and the information society have consequences for the role and duties of municipal clerks. To increase understanding of the implications of digital technologies for the role of municipal clerk (town clerk), this article presents an exploration of the ‘digital leadership’ of municipal clerks, i.e. leadership that suits a time when digital technologies are growing explosively. By using the four leadership perspectives of Bolman and Deal and the public value thinking of Moore, it was investigated which leadership themes are mentioned in the literature. In this way, this article aims to contribute to the leadership role of the municipal clerk so that he gives shape and direction to the organization from a vision on this change task and leads this transition instead of seeing it as a collection of smart gadgets or an issue concerning the IT department. This means that he will have to be aware of technological developments, can think critically about their significance and acquire the necessary knowledge and skills to be able to lead the municipal organization in the information society. This article shows practitioners that: (a) municipal clerks play an important role when it comes to the structure of the municipal organization in the information society; (b) the way in which municipalities innovate digitally has an impact on society and people’s lives; and (c) it is therefore important to shape the leadership of municipal clerks based on public values in order to realize legitimate applications of digital technologies with added social value.
Clinical interventions and speech outcomes for individuals with submucous cleft palate
Authors: Jung Seung Eun , Ha Seunghee , Koh Kyung S. , Oh Tae Suk 
Published: November 2020

Background This study aimed to identify the initial diagnostic characteristics and treatment status of children with submucous cleft palate (SMCP) and to examine the relationship between the timing of surgical correction and the degree of articulation and resonance improvement.
Methods This retrospective study included 72 children diagnosed with SMCP between 2008 and 2016. The evaluation criteria were the age of the initial visit, total number of visits, age at the end of treatment, speech problems, resonance problems, and speech therapy.
Results Children with SMCP first visited the hospital at an average age of 34.32 months, and speech problems were identified at an average age of 48.53 months. Out of 72 children, 46 underwent surgery at an average age of 49.74 months. Four of these children required secondary surgery at an average age of 83.5 months. Among the children who underwent surgery before 3 years of age, 70% exhibited articulation improvements, with mild-to-moderate hypernasality. Articulation improvements showed no statistically significant differences according to age at the time of surgery. However, children who underwent surgery before 4 years had a better hypernasality rating than those who underwent surgery after 4 years of age.
Conclusions Children with SMCP tend to undergo delayed treatment because the anatomical symptoms in some children with SMCP are unclear, and surgical interventions are considered only after speech problems are clarified. Starting interventions as early as possible reduces the likelihood of receiving secondary surgery and speech therapy, while increasing expectations for positive speech function at the end.
Comparison of breast volume change between oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery with radiation therapy and a simultaneous contralateral balancing procedure through the inverted-T scar technique
Authors: Kim Min Wook , Oh Won Seok , Lee Jae Woo , Kim Hyun Yul , Jung Youn Joo , Choo Ki Seok , Nam Kyung Jin , Bae Seong Hwan , Kim Choongrak , Nam Su Bong , Joo Ji Hyeon 
Published: November 2020

Background Reduction mammoplasty or mastopexy is performed as an additional balancing procedure in patients with large or ptotic breasts who undergo breast-conserving surgery (BCS). Radiation therapy on breasts that have undergone surgery may result in changes in the volume. This study presents a comparative analysis of patients who received post-BCS balancing procedures to determine whether volume changes were larger in breasts that received radiation therapy than on the contralateral side.
Methods Thirty-six participants were selected among patients who received BCS using the inverted-T scar technique between September 2012 and July 2017, were followed up for 2 or more years, and had pre-radiation therapy computed tomography images and post-radiation therapy images taken between 12 and 18 months after completion. The average age of the participants was 53.5 years, their average body mass index was 26.62 kg/m2.
Results The pre- and post-radiation therapy volumes of the breasts receiving BCS were 666.08±147.48 mL and 649.33±130.35 mL, respectively. In the contralateral breasts, the volume before radiation therapy was 637.69±145.72 mL, which decreased to 628.14±166.41 mL after therapy. The volume ratio of the affected to the contralateral breasts was 1.05±0.10 before radiation therapy and 1.06±0.12 after radiation therapy.
Conclusions The ratio of the volume between the two breasts immediately after surgery and at roughly 18 months postoperatively was not significantly different (P=0.98). For these reasons, we recommend a simultaneous single-stage balancing procedure as a reasonable option for patients who require radiation therapy after BCS without concerns regarding volume change.
Partial second toe pulp free flaps in early childhood
Authors: Hong Min Ki , Lee Dong Chul , Choi Min Suk , Koh Sung Hoon , Kim Jin Soo , Roh Si Young , Lee Kyung Jin 
Published: November 2020

Background The introduction of the partial second toe pulp free flap has enabled superior aesthetic and functional results for fingertip reconstruction in adults. Children undergoing fingertip amputation for various reasons have limited options for reconstruction. Conventional treatment could shorten the finger, leading to poor cosmesis and function. We report 18 years of our experiences with fingertip reconstruction using partial second toe pulp free flaps in patients in early childhood.
Methods Medical charts of children who had undergone fingertip reconstruction using partial second toe pulp free flaps from 2001 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. The surgical procedures were identical to those for adults, except for the usage of 11-0 nylon sutures. Patients’ demographic data, vessel size, flap dimensions, length of the distal phalanx, and functional outcomes over the course of long-term follow-up were documented. The statistical analysis was performed with the Student t-test, the Mann-Whitney U test, and Pearson correlation analysis.
Results Eighteen toe pulp flaps in 17 patients (mean age, 3.0 years) were identified. All the flaps survived without any major complications. In long-term follow-up, the flap-covered distal phalanges showed growth in line with regular development. There was no donor-site morbidity, and all children adapted to daily life without any problems. In two-point discrimination tests, the fingertip sensation recovered to almost the same level as that in the contralateral finger.
Conclusions Partial second toe pulp free flaps are an excellent option for fingertip reconstruction in young children, as well as in adults.