bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathological and immunohistochemical studies following the experimental infection of ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) by Edwardsiella ictaluri
Authors: Gaafar Alkhateib Y. , Hassan Abdullah Ebtsam Sayed , Mahmoud Mahmoud Mostafa , Younes Abdelgayed M. , Nakai Toshihiro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn recent decades, several mass mortalities were recorded in riverine ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) in Tokyo Metropolis, Hiroshima Prefecture, and Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan; in these outbreaks, microbiological and pathological examinations revealed Edwardsiella ictaluri as the causative agent. In this study, histopathological findings and immunohistochemical localization of the bacteria following experimental infection of ayu were discussed. Infection experiments were performed using 44 healthy cultured ayu fingerlings using E. ictaluri isolate (H90). The fish were injected with the isolate intraperitoneally with a dose of 5.1 × 105 cfu/fish, while the control fish were injected with sterile phosphate buffered saline. The fish were observed for clinical signs, with daily collection of dead fish, and isolation of bacteria from the posterior kidney was performed and confirmed to be E. ictaluri by slide agglutination using anti‐PH0744 serum. Daily collection of five moribund fish for necropsy and tissue specimens collection from hepatopancreas, spleen, posterior kidney, gills, brain, heart, and intestine for histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. Post‐mortem lesions were recorded as exophthalmia, bloody ascitis, hemorrhagic kidney and distended gallbladder, meningio‐encephalitis, hemorrhagic vent, and petechial hemorrhages on viscera. Histopathological examination revealed diffuse severe congestion in blood vessels and several degenerative and necrotic changes inconcurrent with positive antigenic staining by immunohistochemistry.
Minimal residual disease negativity by next‐generation flow in non‐CR myeloma patients
Authors: Kim Sung‐Min , Yang Naery Euphrasia , Jeong Dajeong , Yun Jiwon , Ryu Sohee , Yoon Sung‐Soo , Ahn Yong‐Oon , Lee Dong Soon 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNext‐generation flow (NGF) has detected minimal residual disease (MRD) in numerous myeloma patients who achieve a complete response (CR). However, when MRD is not detected via NGF in non‐CR patients, its clinical meaning is uncertain. Here, we investigated the correlation between MRD findings on NGF and the response criteria, paying special attention to patients with discrepant results. We performed NGS analysis of IgH rearrangements on bone marrow samples from the non‐CR patients with negative MRD on NGF. NGS detected residual abnormal clones in those patients, suggesting that NGF and NGS should be used in a complementary manner for MRD investigation.
Neutrophil dysfunction triggers inflammatory bowel disease in G6PC3 deficiency
Authors: Goenka Anu , Doherty John A , Al-Farsi Tariq , Jagger Christopher , Banka Siddharth , Cheesman Edmund , Fagbemi Andrew , Hughes Stephen M , Wynn Robert F , Hussell Tracy , Arkwright Peter D 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 3 (G6PC3) encodes a ubiquitously expressed enzyme that regulates cytoplasmic glucose availability. Loss-of-function biallelic G6PC3 mutations cause severe congenital neutropenia and a diverse spectrum of extra-hematological manifestations, among which inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been anecdotally reported. Neutrophil function and clinical response to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) were investigated in 4 children with G6PC3 deficiency-associated IBD. G6PC3 deficiency was associated with early-onset IBD refractory to treatment with steroids and infliximab. The symptoms of IBD progressed despite G-CSF treatment. In vitro studies on the patients’ blood showed that neutrophils displayed higher levels of activation markers (CD11b, CD66b, and CD14), excessive IL-8 and reactive oxygen species, and increased apoptosis and secondary necrosis. Secondary necrosis was exaggerated after stimulation with Escherichia coli and could be partially rescued with supplemental exogenous glucose. HSCT led to normalization of neutrophil function and remission of gastrointestinal symptoms. We conclude that neutrophils in G6PC3 deficiency release pro-inflammatory mediators when exposed to gut bacteria, associated with intestinal inflammation, despite treatment with G-CSF. HSCT is an effective therapeutic option in patients with G6PC3 deficiency-associated IBD refractory to immune suppressants.
Dietary docosahexaenoic acid inhibits neurodegeneration and prevents stroke
Authors: Yamagata Kazuo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStroke severely impairs quality of life and has a high mortality rate. On the other hand, dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) prevents neuronal damage. In this review, we describe the effects of dietary DHA on ischemic stroke‐associated neuronal damage and its role in stroke prevention. Recent epidemiological studies have been conducted to analyze stroke prevention through DHA intake. The effects of dietary intake and supply of DHA to neuronal cells, DHA‐mediated inhibition of neuronal damage, and its mechanism, including the effects of the DHA metabolite, neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1), were investigated. These studies revealed that DHA intake was associated with a reduced risk of stroke. Moreover, studies have shown that DHA intake may reduce stroke mortality rates. DHA, which is abundant in fish oil, passes through the blood–brain barrier to accumulate as a constituent of phospholipids in the cell membranes of neuronal cells and astrocytes. Astrocytes supply DHA to neuronal cells, and neuronal DHA, in turn, activates Akt and Raf‐1 to prevent neuronal death or damage. Therefore, DHA indirectly prevents neuronal damage. Furthermore, NDP1 blocks neuronal apoptosis. DHA, together with NPD1, may block neuronal damage and prevent stroke. The inhibitory effect on neuronal damage is achieved through the antioxidant (via inducing the Nrf2/HO‐1 system) and anti‐inflammatory effects (via promoting JNK/AP‐1 signaling) of DHA.
Rainy season drought severity trend analysis of the Indonesian maritime continent
Authors: Ferijal Teuku , Batelaan Okke , Shanafield Margaret 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDrought is generally associated with a long‐term reduction in total precipitation. However, changes at shorter time‐scales can also induce drought conditions. This study analyses trends of meteorological drought severity during the rainy season in the Indonesian maritime continent. We propose a new dry spell index to characterize this drought severity. The anomalous accumulation definition was used to define a single most intense rainy season for region with one or two rainy seasons per year. The Mann–Kendall test was applied for trend analysis of the index. Temporal and spatial drought characterisations were compared between the dry spell index and standardized precipitation index. The results show that in semi‐annual and anti‐monsoonal regimes the rainy season precipitation increases, the number of dry days decreases, and long dry spell contribution decreases, overall causing a decrease in drought severity. Over the same period, the number of dry days, duration of the extreme dry spell, and long dry spell contribution increased in the monsoon regime, indicating a tendency towards a drier condition. In contrast, standardized precipitation index showed a strong tendency towards a wetter condition during the rainy season over this region.
Systemic bone loss following myocardial infarction in mice
Authors: Tjandra Priscilla M. , Paralkar Manali P. , Osipov Benjamin , Chen Yi‐Je , Zhao Fengdong , Ripplinger Crystal M. , Christiansen Blaine A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMyocardial infarction (MI) and osteoporotic fracture are leading causes of morbidity and mortality, and epidemiological evidence linking their incidence suggests possible crosstalk. MI can exacerbate atherosclerosis through the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation and β3 adrenoreceptor‐mediated release of hematopoietic stem cells, leading to monocytosis. We hypothesized that this same pathway initiates systemic bone loss following MI, since osteoclasts differentiate from monocytes. In this study, MI was created with left anterior descending artery ligation in 12‐week‐old male mice (n = 24) randomized to β3‐adrenergic receptor (AR) antagonist (SR 59230A) treatment or no treatment for 10 days postoperatively. Additional mice (n = 21, treated and untreated) served as unoperated controls. Bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), and body composition were quantified at baseline and 10 days post‐MI using dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry; circulating monocyte levels were quantified and the L5 vertebral body and femur were analyzed with microcomputed tomography 10 days post‐MI. We found that MI led to circulating monocyte levels increases, BMD and BMC decreases at the femur and lumbar spine in MI mice (−6.9% femur BMD, −3.5% lumbar BMD), and trabecular bone volume decreases in MI mice compared with control mice. β3‐AR antagonist treatment appeared to diminish the bone loss response (−5.3% femur BMD, −1.2% lumbar BMD), though these results were somewhat inconsistent. Clinical significance: These results suggest that MI leads to systemic bone loss, but that the SNS may not be a primary modulator of this response; bone loss and increased fracture risk may be important clinical comorbidities following MI or other ischemic injuries.
Altered mechanical behavior of demineralized bone following therapeutic radiation
Authors: Bartlow Christopher M. , Mann Kenneth A. , Damron Timothy A. , Oest Megan E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPost‐radiotherapy (RTx) bone fragility fractures are a late‐onset complication occurring in bone within or underlying the radiation field. These fractures are difficult to predict, as patients do not present with local osteopenia. Using a murine hindlimb RTx model, we previously documented decreased mineralized bone strength and fracture toughness, but alterations in material properties of the organic bone matrix are largely unknown. In this study, 4 days of fractionated hindlimb irradiation (4 × 5 Gy) or Sham irradiation was administered in a mouse model (BALB/cJ, end points: 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, n = 15/group/end point). Following demineralization, the viscoelastic stress relaxation, and monotonic tensile mechanical properties of tibiae were determined. Irradiated tibiae demonstrated an immediate (day after last radiation fraction) and sustained (4, 8, 12 weeks) increase in stress relaxation compared to the Sham group, with a 4.4% decrease in equilibrium stress (p < .017). While tensile strength was not different between groups, irradiated tibiae had a lower elastic modulus (−5%, p = .027) and energy to failure (−12.2%, p = .012) with monotonic loading. Gel electrophoresis showed that therapeutic irradiation (4 × 5 Gy) does not result in collagen fragmentation, while irradiation at a common sterilization dose (25 kGy) extensively fragmented collagen. These results suggest that altered collagen mechanical behavior has a role in postirradiation bone fragility, but this can occur without detectable collagen fragmentation. Statement of Clinical Significance: Therapeutic irradiation alters bone organic matrix mechanics and which contribute to diminished fatigue strength, but this does not occur via collagen fragmentation.
Development of an aqueous ultrasound‐assisted extraction process of bioactive compounds from beet leaves: a proposal for reducing losses and increasing biomass utilization
Authors: Nutter Julia , Fernandez María V , Jagus Rosa J , Agüero María V 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDRed beet plants are cultivated worldwide for the consumption of their roots, generating large amounts of unexploited by‐products. In particular, beet leaves (BLs) represent about 50% of the whole plant and are usually discarded as waste. This constitutes not only an economic issue, since multiple resources invested in the production will be wasted, but also an environmental problem because of the pollution associated with their disposal. However, BLs comprise an important source of functional compounds (polyphenols and betalains) that could be recovered from the raw material, representing a sustainable solution for the underutilization of this by‐product. This study proposes the recovery of polyphenols and betalains using an aqueous ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) process at different powers (35, 50, and 100 W) that was characterized and optimized.RESULTSUAE significantly enhanced the recovery of bioactive compounds and shortened the time required for extraction in comparison with traditional macerations (35 < 50 < 100 W). During UAE, the temperature of the systems increased as a function of the power applied, favouring the recovery of these phytochemicals. Additionally, a Box–Behnken design and response surface methodology were employed to optimize UAE conditions (90 W ultrasound power, 1:20 solid:liquid ratio, 16 min extraction time), under which the yields were 14.9 mg g−1 (polyphenols), 949.1 μg g−1 (betaxanthins), and 562.2 μg g−1 (betacyanins), consistent with the values predicted by the models.CONCLUSIONThis study enabled the development of a green‐solvent UAE process that constitutes an effective post‐harvest by‐products strategy to minimize losses and increase biomass utilization through the recovery of bioactive compounds from BLs, promoting sustainability in the agri‐food chain. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Anatomical characterization of the inguinal lymph nodes using microcomputed tomography to inform radical inguinal lymph node dissections in penile cancer
Authors: Marshall Kaitlin , Nair Shiva M. , Willmore Katherine E. , Beveridge Tyler S. , Power Nicholas E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground & ObjectivesRadical inguinal lymph node dissections (rILND) for penile cancer risk significant postoperative lymphocele and lymphedema. However, reducing the risk of lymphatic complications is limited by our understanding of lymphatic anatomy. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the lymphatic anatomy within the current surgical borders of a rILND.MethodsTo visualize the position of the lymph nodes, tissue packets excised from the inguinal region of five fresh, male cadavers were imaged using microcomputed tomography (µCT). To standardize the position, rotation and size between specimens, each lymph node packet was aligned using a Generalized Procrustes analysis.ResultsThere was a median of 13.5 lymph nodes (range = 8‐18) per packet, with the majority (99%) clustered within a 6 cm radius of the saphenofemoral junction; a region 39%‐41% smaller than current surgical borders. No difference existed between the number of nodes between sides, or distribution around the saphenofemoral junction.ConclusionsThis study provides the first 3D, in situ, standardized characterization of lymph node anatomy in the inguinal region using µCT. By using knowledge of the normal lymphatic anatomy, this study can help inform the reduction in borders of rILND to limit disruption and ensure a complete lymphadenectomy.
Calvarium Thinning in Patients with Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks of the Anterior Skull Base
Authors: Sharma Dhruv , Tucker Brady J. , Millay David S. , Rubel Kolin E. , Saltagi Mohamad , Nelson Rick F. , Illing Elisa A. , Ting Jonathan Y. 
Published: September 2020

Objectives/HypothesisPatients with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks (sCSF‐L) of the temporal bone have isolated calvarial and skull base thinning that is independent of obesity. This study determines if anterior skull base (ASB) sCSF‐L patients also have calvarial thinning.Study DesignRetrospective Cohort Study.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of ASB sCSF‐L patients compared to nonobese (body mass index [BMI] < 30 kg/m2) and obese (BMI ≥ 30) control groups. Twenty‐one patients in the ASB sCSF‐L group and 25 patients in each control group were included. Calvarium and extracranial zygoma thicknesses were measured bilaterally with blinded, standardized, volumetric analysis.ResultsASB sCSF‐L patients had a mean (SD) age of 50.43 (10.19) years, an average (SD) BMI of 38.81 (8.92) kg/m2, and most were female (85.71%). The calvarium in patients with ASB sCSF‐L was significantly thinner than the nonobese (2.55 mm [0.77] vs. 2.97 [0.67] mm; P = .006; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 0.12–0.30; Cohen d, 0.58) and obese control groups (2.55 [0.77] vs. 2.92 [0.76] mm; P = .02; 95% CI, 0.05–0.34; Cohen d, 0.66). The calvarium thickness of the nonobese patients was not significantly different from the obese patient controls (2.97 [0.67] vs. 2.92 [0.76] mm, P = .9). The extracranial zygoma was not significantly different among the groups (analysis of variance, P = .33).ConclusionsASB sCSF‐L patients have isolated calvarial thinning that is independent of obesity. Like lateral skull base sCSF‐L patients, these data suggest that the additional obesity‐associated intracranial process contributes to skull thinning.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:1271–1276, 2021
Phosphorus dynamics in the Barents Sea
Authors: Downes Patrick P. , Goult Stephen J. , Woodward E. Malcolm S. , Widdicombe Claire E. , Tait Karen , Dixon Joanna L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Barents Sea is considered a warming hotspot in the Arctic; elevated sea surface temperatures have been accompanied with increased inflow of Atlantic water onto the shelf sea. Such hydrodynamic changes and a concomitant reduction of sea ice coverage enables a prolonged phytoplankton growing season, which will inevitably affect nutrient stoichiometry and the controls on primary production. During the summer of 2018, we investigated the role of phosphorus in mediating primary production in the Barents Sea. Dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), its most bioavailable form, had an average net turnover time of 9.4 ± 4.8 d. The most southern Atlantic influenced station accounted for both the highest rates of primary production (655 mg C m2 d−1) and shortest net DIP turnover (2.8 ± 0.5 d). The fraction of assimilated DIP released as dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) at this station was < 4% compared to an average of 21% at all other stations. We observed significant differences between phytoplankton communities in Arctic and Atlantic waters within the Barents Sea. Slower DIP turnover and greater release of DOP was associated with Phaeocystis pouchetii dominated communities in Arctic waters. Faster turnover rates and greater phosphorus retention occurred among the Atlantic phytoplankton communities dominated by Emiliania huxleyi. These findings provide baseline measurements of P utilization in the Barents Sea, and suggest increased Atlantic intrusion of this region could be accompanied by more rapid DIP turnover, possibly leading to future P limitation (rather than N limitation) on primary production.
An All‐Optically Controlled Liquid‐Crystal Plasmonic Metasurface Platform
Authors: Sharma Mukesh , Ellenbogen Tal 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe need for thin active metasurface based elements, opens an exciting research direction toward exploration of various active materials and their control mechanisms. Here, an all‐optical control mechanism of composite metasurfaces is studied, based on rapid laser‐induced thermo‐optical nonlinearities in nematic liquid crystals (NLCs). Specifically, the absorption of photons leads to local heating, which in turn facilitates a nematic‐to‐isotropic (N–I) phase transition of a twisted‐NLC (TNLC) layer that is sandwiched between an indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass plate and the metasurface. This mechanism is used to experimentally demonstrate all‐optically switchable plasmonic metasurface color tag. The dependence of the switching on the laser power and the dynamic response of the device are characterized. Experimental results show that the pump beam power significantly affects the switching time, which can be further reduced by thermal management of the design. Such switching mechanisms have great potential in all‐optically controlled systems and can be applied to realize additional active and multifunctional optical devices at nanoscale.
Analyzing user sentiment in social media: Implications for online marketing strategy
Authors: Micu Adrian , Micu Angela Eliza , Geru Marius , Lixandroiu Radu Constantin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article examines restaurant customers’ online activity following visits to restaurants. Differences in customers’ opinions based on gender and location are discussed. Sentiment analysis was used to analyze customers’ social media behavior in terms of liking, rating, and reviewing restaurants. User‐generated reviews and comments about experiences influence potential customers’ decisions. The results of this study show that gender and location of customers influence restaurant ratings. This article shows that sentiment analysis (using Natural Language Toolkit and TextBlob) can help marketers by providing a useful tool for big data analysis. Sentiment analysis can be used to interpret customer behavior and highlight how presales, sales, and after‐sales strategies can be improved.
Partial tibial nerve transfer for foot drop from deep peroneal palsy: Lessons from three pediatric cases
Authors: Crowe Christopher S. , Mosca Vincent S. , Osorio Marisa B. , Lewis Sarah P. , Tse Raymond W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPeroneal nerve palsy with resultant foot drop has significant impacts on gait and quality of life. Traditional management includes ankle‐foot‐orthosis, tendon transfer, and arthrodesis—each with certain disadvantages. While nerve transfers for peroneal nerve injury have been reported in adults, with variable results, they have not been described in the pediatric population. We report the use of partial tibial nerve transfer for foot drop from deep peroneal nerve palsy in three pediatric patients. The first sustained a partial common peroneal nerve laceration and underwent transfer of a single tibial nerve branch to deep peroneal nerve 7 months after injury. Robust extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus reinnervation was obtained without satisfactory tibialis anterior function. The next patient sustained a thigh laceration with partial sciatic nerve injury and underwent transfer of two tibial nerve branches directly to the tibialis anterior component of deep peroneal nerve 9 months after injury. The final patient sustained a blast injury to the posterior knee and similarly underwent a double fascicular transfer directly to tibialis anterior 4 months after injury. The latter two patients obtained sufficient strength (MRC 4–5) at 1 year to discontinue orthosis. In all patients, we used flexor hallucis longus and/or flexor digitorum longus branches as donors without postoperative loss of toe flexion. Overall, our experience suggests that early double fascicular transfer to an isolated tibialis anterior target, combined with decompression, could produce robust innervation. Further study and collaboration are needed to devise new ways to treat lower extremity nerve palsies.