bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal Instability of Thin Accretion Disks in the Presence of Wind and a Toroidal Magnetic Field
Authors: Habibi Asiyeh , Abbassi Shahram 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We study the local thermal stability of thin accretion disks. We present a full stability analysis in the presence of a magnetic field and, more importantly, wind. We use a general model suitable for adequately describing several kinds of winds. First, we explicitly show that the magnetic field, irrespective of the type of wind, has a stabilizing effect. This is also true when there is no wind. In this case, we confirm other works presented in the literature. However, our main objective is to investigate the local thermal stability of the disk in the presence of wind. In this case, interestingly, the response of the disk is directly related to the type of wind. In other words, in some cases, the wind can stabilize the disk. On the other hand, in some cases it can destabilize the disk. We find that in some thin disk models where the magnetic pressure cannot explain the stability of the disk by including a typical contribution for magnetic pressure, wind can provide a viable explanation for the thermal stability.
The Broadband X-Ray Spectrum of the X-Ray-obscured Type 1 AGN 2MASX J193013.80+341049.5
Authors: Kamraj Nikita , Baloković Mislav , Brightman Murray , Stern Daniel , Harrison Fiona A. , Assef Roberto J. , Koss Michael J. , Oh Kyuseok , Walton Dominic J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We present results from modeling the broadband X-ray spectrum of the Type 1 active galactic nucleus (AGN) 2MASX J193013.80+341049.5 using NuSTAR, Swift, and archival XMM-Newton observations. We find this source to be highly X-ray obscured, with column densities exceeding 1023 cm−2 across all epochs of X-ray observations, spanning an 8 yr period. However, the source exhibits prominent broad optical emission lines, consistent with an unobscured Type 1 AGN classification. We fit the X-ray spectra with both phenomenological reflection models and physically motivated torus models to model the X-ray absorption. We examine the spectral energy distribution of this source and investigate some possible scenarios to explain the mismatch between X-ray and optical classifications. We compare the ratio of reddening to X-ray absorbing column density (

/

) and find that 2MASX J193013.80+341049.5 likely has a much lower dust-to-gas ratio relative to the Galactic interstellar medium, suggesting that the broad line region itself could provide the source of extra X-ray obscuration, being composed of low-ionization, dust-free gas.
Multiple Temperature Components of the Hot Circumgalactic Medium of the Milky Way
Authors: Das Sanskriti , Mathur Smita , Gupta Anjali , Nicastro Fabrizio , Krongold Yair 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We present a deep XMM-Newton observation of the Galactic halo emission in the direction of the blazar 1ES 1553+113. In order to extract the Galactic halo component from the diffuse soft X-ray emission spectrum, accurately modeling the foreground components is crucial. Here we present complex modeling of the foregrounds with unprecedented details. A careful analysis of the spectrum yields two-temperature components of the halo gas (

T

1

em

=

10

6.25
−
6.42

K,

T

2

em

=

10

6.68
−
6.92

K). We find that these temperatures obtained from the emission spectrum are not consistent with those from the absorption spectrum (

T

1

ab

=

10

6.07
−
6.13

K,

T

2

ab

=

10

6.96
−
7.15

K), unlike the previous studies that found only one-temperature component of the Milky Way circumgalactic medium. This provides us with interesting insights into the nature of emitting and absorbing systems. We discuss several possibilities objectively, and conclude that most likely we are observing multiple (3–4) discrete temperatures between

10

5.5

K

and

≥

10

7

K in the Milky Way circumgalactic medium.
The Star-forming Interstellar Medium of Lyman Break Galaxy Analogs
Authors: Wu John F. , Baker Andrew J. , Heckman Timothy M. , Hicks Erin K. S. , Lutz Dieter , Tacconi Linda J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We present Very Large Telescope SINFONI near-infrared (NIR) integral field spectroscopy of six z ∼ 0.2 Lyman break galaxy “analogs” (LBAs) from which we detect H i, He i, and [Fe ii] recombination lines and multiple H2 rovibrational lines in emission. The Paα kinematics reveal high velocity dispersions and low rotational velocities relative to random motions (

). Matched-aperture comparisons of Hβ, Hα, and Paα reveal that the nebular color excesses are lower relative to the continuum color excesses than is the case for typical local star-forming systems. We compare observed He i/H i recombination line ratios to photoionization models to gauge the effective temperatures (T
eff) of massive ionizing stars, finding that the properties of at least one LBA are consistent with extra heating from an active galactic nucleus (AGN) and/or an overabundance of massive stars. We use H2 1−0 S(·) rovibrational spectra to determine a rotational excitation temperature T
ex ∼ 2000 K for warm molecular gas, which we attribute to UV heating in dense photon-dominated regions. Spatially resolved NIR line ratios favor excitation by massive young stars, rather than supernova or AGN feedback. Our results suggest that the local analogs of Lyman break galaxies are primarily subject to strong feedback from recent star formation, with evidence for AGNs and outflows in some cases.
Supernova Ejecta Interacting with a Circumstellar Disk. I. Two-dimensional Radiation-hydrodynamic Simulations
Authors: Suzuki Akihiro , Moriya Takashi J. , Takiwaki Tomoya 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We perform a series of two-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of the collision between supernova ejecta and circumstellar media (CSMs). The hydrodynamic interaction of a fast flow and the surrounding media efficiently dissipates the kinetic energy of the fast flow and is considered as a dominant energy source for a specific class of core-collapse supernovae. Despite some observational evidence for aspherical ejecta and/or CSM structure, multidimensional effects in the ejecta–CSM interaction are relatively unexplored. Our numerical simulations equipped with an adaptive mesh refinement technique successfully reproduce hydrodynamic instabilities developing around the ejecta–CSM interface. We also investigate effects of disklike CSMs on the dynamical evolution of supernova ejecta and bolometric light curves. We find that emission powered by ejecta–disk interaction exhibits significant viewing angle dependence. For a line of sight close to the symmetry axis, the observer directly sees the supernova ejecta, leading to a short brightening timescale. For an observer seeing the emission through the CSM disk, thermal photons diffuse throughout the CSM, and thus the light curve is severely smeared out.
Observations and 3D Magnetohydrodynamic Modeling of a Confined Helical Jet Launched by a Filament Eruption
Authors: Doyle Lauren , Wyper Peter F. , Scullion Eamon , McLaughlin James A. , Ramsay Gavin , Doyle J. Gerard 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We present a detailed analysis of a confined filament eruption and jet associated with a C1.5 class solar flare. Multi-wavelength observations from the Global Oscillations Network Group and Solar Dynamics Observatory reveal the filament forming over several days following the emergence and then partial cancellation of a minority polarity spot within a decaying bipolar active region. The emergence is also associated with the formation of a 3D null point separatrix that surrounds the minority polarity. The filament eruption occurs concurrently with brightenings adjacent to and below the filament, suggestive of breakout and flare reconnection, respectively. The erupting filament material becomes partially transferred into a strong outflow jet (∼60 km s−1) along coronal loops, becoming guided back toward the surface. Utilizing high-resolution Hα observations from the Swedish Solar Telescope/CRisp Imaging SpectroPolarimeter, we construct velocity maps of the outflows, demonstrating their highly structured but broadly helical nature. We contrast the observations with a 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulation of a breakout jet in a closed-field background and find close qualitative agreement. We conclude that the suggested model provides an intuitive mechanism for transferring twist/helicity in confined filament eruptions, thus validating the applicability of the breakout model not only to jets and coronal mass ejections but also to confined eruptions and flares.
Eyes With Acute, Treatment-Naïve CRVO and Foveal Intraretinal Hemorrhage: Characteristics and Outcomes
Authors: Mir Tahreem A. , Thomas Akshay S. , Yoon Stephen P. , Birnbaum Faith , Goerlitz-Jessen Mark , Fekrat Sharon 
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To compare outcomes in eyes with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) presenting with (group 1) or without (group 2) fovea-involving intraretinal hemorrhage (IRH).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Retrospective review of patients diagnosed with acute, treatment-naïve CRVO between January 2009 and July 2016.

RESULTS:

One hundred fifteen (39.8%) of 289 CRVO eyes had fovea-involving IRH. At baseline, eyes in group 1 had significantly worse visual acuity (VA) (1.2 ± 0.10 logMAR vs. 0.9 ± 0.06 logMAR;
P
= .001) and greater central subfield thickness (CST) (610.4 μm ± 35.9 μm vs. 435.0 μm + 21.6 μm;
P
< .001) than eyes in group 2. Final visual outcomes were comparable between groups (1.24 ± 0.09 logMAR vs. 1.02 ± 0.08 logMAR;
P
= .08). Group 1 received a significantly greater number of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections during the first year (7.80 ± 0.40 vs. 5.20 ± 0.40;
P
= .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Although treatment-naïve eyes with acute CRVO and fovea-involving IRH had worse VA and greater CST at presentation, the final VA was comparable to eyes without such a hemorrhage. Eyes with foveal IRH had a greater treatment burden in the first 12 months.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2019;50:752–759.]
Overlapping Spectrum of Retinochoroidal Scarring in Congenital Zika Virus and Toxoplasmosis Infections
Authors: Tsui Irena , Neves Luiza M. , Adachi Kristina , Gaw Stephanie L. , Pereira Jose Paulo , Brasil Patricia , Nielsen-Saines Karin , Moreira Maria Elisabeth Lopes , Zin Andrea A. 
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Antenatal Zika virus (ZIKV) or toxoplasmosis infections may present with isolated eye abnormalities with absence of other apparent birth defects. The purpose of this article is to discuss the overlapping spectrum of clinical presentation and retinochoroidal scarring in congenital ZIKV and toxoplasmosis infections.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Prenatal ultrasound abnormalities seen from antenatal ZIKV and toxoplasmosis infections overlap and may include intracranial calcifications, microcephaly, and intrauterine growth restriction. The clinical spectrum of both infections in less severely affected infants and children may include nonspecific neurological impairment such as developmental delay and seizures.

RESULTS:
Inherent limitations in serological testing pose additional barriers in establishing a diagnosis. Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) mottling in ZIKV infection can occur in isolation or adjacent to retinochoroidal atrophy. In contrast, RPE mottling outside of the borders of retinochoroidal atrophy is not typically seen in toxoplasmosis. To date, postnatal reactivation of congenital eye lesions as seen in toxoplasmosis have not been reported with ZIKV infection.

CONCLUSIONS:
As children infected with congenital ZIKV grow older, subclinical eye abnormalities may be indistinguishable from toxoplasmosis. Brazil has had high prevalence of both diseases with long-term information available on toxoplasmosis only. Surveillance guidelines for asymptomatic eye abnormalities will likely evolve.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2019;50:779–784.]
Ultrasound Imaging of the Gluteal Muscles During the Y-Balance Test in Individuals With or Without Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: DeJong Alexandra F. , Mangum L. Colby , Hertel Jay 
Published: December 2019

Context
Impairments in dynamic postural control and gluteal muscle activation have been associated with the development of symptoms related to long-term injury, which are characteristic of chronic ankle instability (CAI). Ultrasound imaging (USI) provides a visual means to explore muscle thickness throughout movement; however, USI functional-activation ratios (FARs) of the gluteal muscles during dynamic balance exercises have not been investigated.

Objective
To determine differences in gluteus maximus and gluteus medius FARs using USI, Y-Balance Test (YBT) performance, and lower extremity kinematics in individuals with or without CAI.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
University laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants
Twenty adults with CAI (10 men, 10 women; age = 21.70 ± 2.32 years, height = 172.74 ± 11.28 cm, mass = 74.26 ± 15.24 kg) and 20 adults without CAI (10 men, 10 women; age = 21.20 ± 2.79 years, height = 173.18 ± 15.16 cm, mass = 70.89 ± 12.18 kg).

Intervention(s)
Unilateral static ultrasound images of the gluteal muscles during quiet stance and to the point of maximum YBT reach directions were obtained over 3 trials. Hip, knee, and ankle sagittal-plane kinematics were collected with motion-capture software.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Gluteal thickness was normalized to quiet stance to yield FARs for each muscle in each YBT direction. We averaged normalized reach distances and obtained average peak kinematics. Independent t tests, mean differences, and Cohen d effect sizes were calculated to determine group differences for all outcome measures.

Results
The CAI group had anterior-reach deficits compared with the control group (mean difference = 4.37%, Cohen d = 0.77, P = .02). The CAI group demonstrated greater anterior gluteus maximus FARs than the control group (mean difference = 0.08, Cohen d = 0.57, P = .05).

Conclusions
The CAI group demonstrated YBT reach deficits and alterations in proximal muscle activation. Increased reliance on the gluteus maximus during dynamic conditions may contribute to distal joint dysfunction in this population.
Oral smokeless tobacco consumption pattern among rural Indian cancer patients: A prospective survey
Authors: Pandey Avinash , Singh Anjana , Singh Shivkant , Kumar Amit , Das Anshuman , Shahi Heena , Singh Aishwarya 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Bacground: Oral tobacco consumption predisposes to cancer. The pattern of its use in rural Indian cancer patients is unknown. Aim: The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of oral tobacco consumption in cancer patients. Objectives: To identify oral tobacco consumption pattern with respect to demographic variables and clinical profiles in adult Indian rural cancer patients. Materials and Methods: All consecutive individual adult (age >18 years) patients diagnosed with any cancer and registered in the Medical Oncology Outpatient department were enrolled for questionnaire-based survey on oral tobacco consumption between July 2017 and October 2017. Demographic variables were also recorded, including income, education, and occupation. Frequency distribution and cross-tabulation were used for statistical analysis using SPSS version 17. Results: Of 517 cancer patients enrolled, 456 (88%) were rural. 230/517 (44%) consumed several forms of oral tobacco. Out of 230, 179 (78%) of them had dried tobacco leaves, whereas 23 (10%) and 26 (11%) had Gutkha and pan (betel leaves) alone, respectively. 63 (27%) consumed tobacco leaves and gutkha both. 163 (91%) of tobacco chewers were male, whereas 65% of pan chewers were male and 35% of females. About 48% of tobacco chewers were addicted since >20 years, whereas 13% started in the past 5 years. 47/179 (26%) of tobacco chewers were illiterate, whereas 13/179 (7.2%) were graduates. 106 (59%) had monthly income of between Rs. 5000–10,000. 57 (32%) and 40 (22%) were farmers and laborers, respectively. 25/215 (12%) housewives were addicted. 41/58 (70%) of the head-and-neck cancer patients consumed tobacco products, where 29/41 (70%) used dried tobacco leaves to chew. Conclusion: More than 40% of adult Indian rural cancer patients consume oral smokeless tobacco products. Dried tobacco leaves are the most common form of smokeless tobacco consumed.
A tertiary care audit of using abiraterone acetate in patients of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Joshi Amit , Shrirangwar Sameer , Noronha Vanita , Sable Nilesh , Agarwal Archi , Popat Palak , Bhattacharjee Atanu , Prabhash Kumar 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Introduction: This is a retrospective analysis to assess the safety and efficacy of abiraterone acetate (AA) in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients treated at tertiary care institute. Materials and Methods: The clinical records of mCRPC patients treated with AA at our tertiary care institute between July 2013 and December 2015 were reviewed. The treatment efficacy, toxicities, and its determinants were analyzed. Results: A total of 59 mCRPC patients treated with AA were reviewed, of whom 37 were chemo-naive and 22 had received prior chemotherapy (postchemo). The median follow-up duration was 10.0/15.0 months for chemo-naïve/postchemotherapy patients. 43.2%/36.36% of chemo-naive/postchemo patients had visceral metastases. The median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 15/7.8 months and 10/5.3 months for chemo-naive/postchemo patients, respectively. Median time to best prostate-specific antigen response was 3.4 months. Abiraterone was relatively well tolerated with no grade 4 toxicity or treatment-related death. We found the presence of previous taxene use and baseline symptoms to be significantly determinant of OS with abiraterone. Conclusion: The present study reported the efficacy of abiraterone in both chemo-naïve and postchemo patients of mCRPC outside clinical trial setting. We found lower OS and PFS with abiraterone as compared to that reported in the clinical trial setting in both chemo-naïve and postchemo patients, and particularly in those patients with the visceral disease, and further clinical trial for abiraterone in this subgroup of patients is warranted.
Primary malignant mediastinal germ cell tumors: A single institutional experience
Authors: Mishra Subhasis , Das Majumdar Saroj Kumar , Sable Mukund , Parida Dillip Kumar 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Bacground: Primary mediastinal malignant germ cell tumour (PMMGCT) is rare with unsatisfactory prognosis and pose difficulty in management due to lack of guidelines. Methods: All cases of PMMGCT diagnosed and treated between years 2014 to 2018 were retrospectively evaluated for clinico-pathological features, multimodality treatment and follow up. Results: Among a total of five PMMGCT cases, three were seminomatous and two were non seminomatous tumour [Yolk- sac tumour (n-1) and Mixed tumour (n-1)]. Four of these cases were non - metastatic with locally advancement and another one presented with metastasis to supraclavicular lymph node. All patients received platinum based induction chemotherapy. Post-induction chemotherapy, two cases of non seminomatous tumours underwent surgery. Among the three seminoma cases, one patient showed complete metabolic response; one with metastasis succumbed to the disease and the in-operable case of seminoma received local radiotherapy. Conclusion: PMMGCT needs a multi-disciplinary approach for appropriate diagnosis and management. Clinicopathological features like tumour site, extension, histopathological type, tumour stage and serum tumour marker are necessary for prognostication and decision making of further treatment plan.
Does preoperative CA-125 cutoff value and percent reduction in CA-125 levels correlate with surgical and survival outcome after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with advanced-stage ovarian cancer? – Our experience from a tertiary cancer institute
Authors: Gupta Monisha , Patel Shilpa Mukesh , Arora Ruchi , Tiwari Rajneesh , Dave Pariseema , Desai Ava , Mankad Meeta 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate percent fall in CA-125 levels after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and preoperative CA-125 value to predict surgical and survival outcomes in women with advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Methods: A retrospective review of 406 women receiving NAC for advanced-stage EOC from January 2012 to July 2015 was conducted. Data were collected for demography, radiographic profile, CA-125 levels before and after NAC, chemotherapy, and surgicopathological information. Percent fall in CA-125 was categorized into two groups: <95% (R < 95) and >95% (R > 95) fall from prechemotherapy to preoperative levels. Similarly, women were also categorized using preoperative CA-125 levels of <100 and >100 U/ml. A subset of women from January 2012 to December 2013 was followed to June 2015 for evidence of any recurrence to determine survival outcomes. Results: About 56% women had R > 95 and 44% had R < 95. As compared to R < 95, R > 95 group was more likely to have complete cytoreduction (P = 0.00). Furthermore, women with R > 95 had significant better progression-free survival (PFS) as compared to women with R < 95 (P = 0.009) but no difference in overall survival (OS) (P = 0.28). Women with preoperative CA-125 <100 had significant higher number of complete cytoreduction (55% vs. 40%; P = 0.00) and were associated with both PFS (P = 0.007) and OS benefit (P = 0.02). Conclusion: Our data showed that >95% fall in CA-125 and an absolute preoperative CA-125 value of <100 U/ml is associated with better surgical and survival outcome in women with advanced EOC. These data are important in patient counseling and treatment planning.
A prospective comparative study between concurrent chemoradiation with brachytherapy boost with concurrent chemoradiation alone in locally advanced cancer esophagus
Authors: Tudu Rajanigandha 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Context: Carcinoma esophagus is a highly malignant disease with very low cure rate. Concurrent chemoradiation is the standard of care in patients deemed unfit for surgery. Intraluminal brachytherapy (ILRT) is effective for palliation of dysphagia and is also used as a boost to external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in curative intent. Aims: The aim of the study was to compare the clinical outcome of definitive concurrent chemoradiation followed by ILRT boost with concurrent chemoradiation alone in locally advanced carcinoma esophagus in terms of tumor response and toxicities. Settings and Design: A single institutional prospective study was carried out between January 2014 and June 2015. Subjects and Methods: Fifty-seven patients of locally advanced carcinoma esophagus were allocated to study and control arms. Both groups were treated with definitive concurrent chemoradiation with 44 Gy of EBRT. The chemotherapy consisted of injection cisplatin 70 mg/m2 intravenous on day 1 with capecitabine 800 mg/m2 b.i.d. daily from day 1 to 4 orally on days 1 and 22 of EBRT. After 2 weeks, the control group was treated with EBRT boost of 10 Gy in 5 fractions, while the study group received intraluminal high-dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy boost of 10 Gy in 2 fractions. No concurrent chemotherapy was administered during ILRT. The treatment outcome was assessed in terms of tumor response and toxicities using the CTCAE version 4.0 criteria. Results: At a median follow-up of 10 months, the overall response rate was 89.2% in the control group (25/28) and 93.10% in the study group (27/29). Acute hematological and gastrointestinal toxicities were noted. Conclusions: HDR ILRT in combination with EBRT is effective for treating dysphagia in cancer esophagus with low incidence of severe complications.