bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does the male gender govern conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy?
Authors: Manandhar Kishor , Manandhar Sujita 
Published: January 2020

Introductions: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) occasionally demands conversion to open cholecystectomy (OC) because of multiple risk factors. This study was conducted to find out whether male gender is a stand-alone risk factors for conversion of LC to OC.
Methods: This was a comparative analysis of conversion of LC to OC in patients operated for symptomatic cholelithiasis during June 2017 to May 2018 at Bir hospital, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal. The patients were divided into two groups: male (group 1) and female (group 2). Study variables included gender, America Society of Anesthesiologist class, history of upper abdominal pain within six weeks prior to surgery, upper abdominal surgery, emergency department visit due to upper abdominal pain, adhesion of gallbladder to adjacent structure and body mass index. Binominal logistic regression analysis of risk factors for conversion was conducted. Odds ratio (95% CI) was calculated. The p value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Among 151 patients (male 39, female 112), 7 (4.6%, male 3 and female 4) had conversion from LC to OC. Male gender itself as an isolated risk factor had no significant association to conversion (p=0.303). There was no significant difference found for age, operating time and hospital stay. Previous emergency visit (p=0.020) and adhesion (p<0.030) were associated with conversion.
Conclusions: Male gender had no significant association for conversion of LC to open. Previous emergency visit due to upper abdominal pain and adhesion of gallbladder were associated risk factors for conversion.
Efficacy of prophylactic intravenous ondansetron for attenuation of pain on propofol injection
Authors: Manandhar Sujita , Manandhar Kishor 
Published: January 2020

Introductions: Propofol is a popular intravenous anesthetic agent. One disadvantage of propofol is pain on its injection which can be excruciating at times. Various agents and methods have been tried to attenuate this unpleasant effect. Ondansetron, primarily used as an antiemetic has also been studied to reduce it.
Methods: This randomized, prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was conducted on patients of either sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I & II, undergoing elective surgeries requiring general anesthesia. The patients were randomly divided into ondansetron (A, received intravenous ondansetron 4 mg) and placebo (B, received equivalent volume of normal saline) groups. Manual occlusion of venous drainage was done at mid-arm by an assistant for 1 minute after which 25% of the calculated dose (2 mg/kg) of propofol (1% w/v in lipid base) was injected. Patients were asked by a blinded investigator to score the pain on injection of propofol on 4-point scale: 0=no pain, 1=mild pain, 2=moderate pain, 3=severe pain and compared in between two groups. The p<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: There were 96 adult patients, 48 in each group of Ondansetron placebo. Pain on propofol injection was found significantly higher in the placebo group compared to the ondansetron group. (62.5% vs 35.4%). Most of the patients in the ondansetron group had mild pain only, whereas, a significant number of patients in the placebo group had higher degrees of pain on propofol injection.
Conclusions: Prophylactic intravenous 4 mg ondansetron is a safe and simple method of attenuating pain on propofol injection.
Knowledge and practice of positioning technique and attachment of breastfeeding among postnatal mothers
Authors: Khanal Anjana 
Published: January 2020

Introductions: Good positioning technique and attachment of breastfeeding is beneficial for both child and mother. The aim of this study was to identify knowledge and practice of positioning technique and attachment of breastfeeding among postnatal mothers.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among postnatal mothers who were admitted in Patan Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal. Data were collected by structured interview regarding knowledge and practice of positioning technique and attachment of breastfeeding using WHO Observation. A non-probability, purposive sampling technique was used. Data was analyzed by SPSS.
Results: Out of 168 respondents, 14 (8.3%) had inadequate knowledge and 78 (46.4%) had poor practice. Nine (5.4%) had poor technique in sitting position and 16 (9.5%) in lying position. There was statistically significant association between parity and knowledge. Practice was associated with parity and age. Overall knowledge correlated with practice.
Conclusions: More than half of postnatal mothers had moderate level of knowledge and good practice. Parity was associated with knowledge and practice.
Knowledge and attitude toward evidence based practice among nurses of a tertiary care teaching hospital, Nepal
Authors: Dahal Sailaza 
Published: January 2020

Introductions: Evidence Based Practice (EBP) raises the standard of nursing practice. The objective of this study was to assess knowledge and attitude toward EBP among nurses of Patan Hospital, Patan Academy of health Sciences (PAHS), Nepal.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from 12th August to 7th September 2018. Convenience sampling was used to select nurses with bachelor degree in nursing, working at Patan Hospital, PAHS, Nepal. Data were collected using self-administered semi-structured questionnaire to find out knowledge and attitude of nurses towards EBP.
Results: Out of 125 nurses participated, 61 (48.8%) had average level of knowledge, 19 (15.2%) had good knowledge and 45 (36.0%) poor level of knowledge of EBP. Positive attitude toward EBP was found in 123 (98.4%). There was weak positive (r = 0.263) relationship between knowledge and attitude of EBP.
Conclusions: Nearly half of the nurses had an average level of knowledge regarding EBP, and nearly all had positive attitude toward it.
Factors associated with stress among mothers of hospitalized children admitted through emergency department
Authors: Basnet Sandhya 
Published: January 2020

Introductions: Hospitalization of a child is stressful for mothers, affects child care and has long-term negative effects on both mother and child. This study aims in identify stress level and associated factors on mothers of a hospitalized child admitted through emergency department.
Methods: A cross sectional analytical study was conducted in mothers of children admitted in pediatric ward through emergency department of Patan Hospital, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Nepal, from April 2018 to February 2019. Purposive sampling was used to interview mothers using validated Nepali version Dass 21 to find out the stress level and related factors (child, hospital environment, economic burden and hospital staffs). The SPSS was used for data analysis.
Results: Among 90 mothers, 42 (46.7%) showed extremely severe stress and 19 (21.1%) in severe stress. Uncertainty of future of child’s illness 72 (80%), facilities of hygienic drinking water 66 (73.3%) in hospital, cost of treatment 47 (52.2%), and inadequate explanation by nursing staffs about procedures 39 (40%) were related factors of stress. Mothers stress significantly and positively correlated with child related factor (r=0.562) and economic burden (r=0.253).
Conclusions: Mothers of hospitalized children were stressed with child related factors of uncertainty of illness and economic burden of cost of treatment.
Care giver burden among spouse of psychiatric patients attending psychiatry outpatient department of a teaching hospital
Authors: Basukala Sulochana 
Published: January 2020

Introductions: Caregiver burden in mental illness is a global issue. Burden is more significant and high among spouse than other caregivers. Spouse face illness-specific burdens of feeling powerlessness, fear, marital stress and partnership and family roles.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in outpatient department of psychiatry in Patan hospital, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Nepal, from 26th August to 23rd September, 2018. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used. Data was collected from spouses of psychiatric patients by face-to-face interview using Burden Assessment Schedule (BAS) to assess the caregiver burden of spouses of psychiatric patients.
Results: Out of 160 spouses interviewed, 94 (59%) had severe burden, 13 (9%) very severe, and 53 (34%) moderate. Burden was significantly associated with respondents’ relation to patient, educational status, income and diagnosis. The respondent’s age, occupation, duration of caring, and place of residence had no significant association with burden.
Conclusions: More than half of the spouses of psychiatric patients had severe care giver burden.
Quality improvement in virtual classroom
Authors: Bajracharya Sumana , Shrestha Ashis , Jnawali Pramod 
Published: January 2020

Introductions: Online teaching method has shown to be equally effective as the traditional teaching method. An online teaching method, the virtual classroom (VCR) was developed for undergraduate medical students of Patan Academy of Health Sciences (PAHS). This study aims to present the outcome of complete audit cycle of VCR for quality improvement of the program.
Methods: Feedbacks were collected from final year medical students who are posted in four different rural sites of PAHS. A validated google feedback form was used to collect the feedbacks from individual students after every VCR sessions. Students from 2017 were group one and students from 2018 were group two. Feedbacks were recorded in Likert scale of five. Ratings were done for quality of video, sound and power supply. Plan, do, study, and act (PDSA) cycle was used for quality improvement process. The necessary changes were done after analysis of data from group A. Same process was repeated for group B.
Results: Fifty-six feedbacks were collected in first cycle. The complete PDSA audit cycle showed improvement in quality of VCR, with mean score on video of 3.0 and 4.1, audio 3.1 and 4.03, internet 3.6 and 4.03, power supply 4.0 and 3.98 in first cycle group A vs second cycle group B.
Conclusions: Improvement was achieved by running quality feedback cycle and quality improvement cycle should be continued to maintain the quality achieved with this process.
Use of thromboprophylaxis for venous thromboembolism among patients admitted in medical ward
Authors: Paudel Ujjawal , Bhatt Prashant Raj , Nepal Choodamani 
Published: January 2020

Introductions: Studies have shown inadequate use of prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in hospital admitted medical patients. This study aims to evaluate the use of VTE prophylaxis in admitted medical patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital.
Methods: This was a cross sectional observational study for three weeks from 19 March to 8 April 2017 in patients admitted in the medical ward of Patan Hospital, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal. Patient charts were reviewed for appropriate VTE prophylaxis as per modified Padua risk Assessment model. Risks of VTE, presence of bleeding risks, demographics (age, BMI), hospital stay were descriptively analysed.
Results: Out of 122 patients, 81 (66.4%) were at risk of VTE. Among 81 at risk, 69 were eligible for VTE pharmacoprophylaxis with no risk of bleeding only 29 (42%) received pharmacoprophylaxis and 12 eligible for prophylaxis but with the risk of bleeding did not receive any prophylaxis. Reduced mobility was the most common indication of thromboprophylaxis in 79 (64%), followed by acute infection 50 (41%).
Conclusions: There was suboptimal use of thromboprophylaxis in hospital admitted medical patients at risk of venous thromboembolism, VTE.
The role of hemostatic disorders in the progression of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Dudar I. , Mykhaloiko I. 
Published: January 2020

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a global public health problem because of its high prevalence and the accompanying increase in the risk of end-stage renal disease, cardiovascular disease, and premature death. At present there is a number of experimental and clinical data that show that one of the important mechanisms of the pathogenesis of CKD is a violation of the blood coagulation system (hemostasis) both locally in the kidneys and with the capture of the microcirculatory channel of other organs, therefore an important task for specialists in the nephrology, as well as doctors of other specialties is understanding the functioning of the system of hemostasis in normal and in various kidney diseases and the correction of this pathology with drugs.
There are several types of haemostasis disorders that may occur in CKD: disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome (DIC), arterial and venous thrombosis and bleeding.
In this review, we tried to determine the place of the DIC in the development and progress of the CKD and to assess the prospects for further research.
Advantages of expanded hemodialysis (HDx) over standard hemodialysis
Authors: Aleksieieva N.G. 
Published: January 2020

Chronic kidney disease leads to the accumulation of a wide range of uremic toxins. Negative effects of uremic toxins are most likely due to the combined effects of many uremic solutes, including small molecules, middle molecules, and soluble protein-linked substances. Large and medium-sized molecules are directly associated with chronic inflammation and adverse effects, including major cardiovascular risks and consequently poor prognosis.
Recent advances in chemical composition and new production techniques led to improved biocompatibility and selective permeability of dialysis membranes. Specifically, the creation of a new class of membranes provided the possibility to improve the clearance of medium to high molecular weight (MW) solutes (i.e. uremic toxins in the range of 5–50 kDa).
The new HDx therapy (expanded HD) is the next evolution in hemodialysis, as it effectively targets the removal of large middle molecules. The HDx therapy is enabled by the THERANOVA dialyzer featuring an innovative membrane that combines a higher permeability than regular high-flux dialyzers with effective selectivity for large proteins.
Expanded hemodialysis is an advanced therapy targeting large and medium-sized molecules that are currently not possible to remove by modern dialysis methods including traditional hemodialysis (HD) and hemodiafiltration (HDF). HDx became possible due to THERANOVA, a new dialyzer with an innovative membrane. The THERANOVA-based HDx provides a great new opportunity for dialysis patients, providing unique high-efficiency hemodialysis with the usage of already available infrastructure and standard HD workflows.
Analisis Kemampuan Rasio Likuiditas dan Profitabilitas dalam Mengukur Financial Distress
Authors: Sopian Muhammad Iksan , Sunarya Erry , Komariah Kokom 
Published: January 2020

Financial distress is a condition where the results of the company's performance are unable to meet the company's obligations. The purpose of this research is to find out the effect of Liquidity and Profitability in measuring financial distress in PT .eterindo wahanatama Tbk and PT. Waskita Karya Tbk. The analysis technique used is multiple linear analysis techniques, and for hypothesis testing is a partial statistical test (t test) and simultaneous test (f test). The results of the t test show that liquidity (CR) (X1) has an effect but not significant to financial distress, Profitability (ROA) (X2) has a significant effect on financial distress. Based on the simultaneous F test means that together Liquidity (CR) and Profitability (ROA) have no significant effect on purchasing decisions (Y). Based on the test of the coefficient of determination of 0.354 it can be interpreted that the effect of Liquidity (CR) and Profitability (ROA) on purchasing decisions is equal to 28.4%. The remaining 71.6% is influenced by other factors not explained in this study.
Keywords : Liquidity, Profitability, financial Distress.
Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Akademik terhadap Kepuasan Mahasiswa pada Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Prabumulih
Authors: Susianti Susianti 
Published: January 2020

Evaluation of service quality at Prabumulih College of Economics is needed to find out what is actually expected and perceived by students with what has been offered. This study aims to determine the effect of academic service quality on student satisfaction at the Prabumulih College of Economics. The method used in this study is a survey method. The data collected consists of primary data and secondary data. Primary data obtained through the interview method that is equipped with a questionnaire that has been prepared. Secondary data were obtained from related companies, as well as several library sources in the form of journals and books relating to this research. And the method used in this research is survey method. The data collected consists of primary data and secondary data. Primary data obtained through the interview method that is equipped with a questionnaire that has been prepared. In this study, what will be analyzed is the effect of service quality consisting of 1) tangible (direct evidence) including physical facilities, equipment, employees, and communication facilities; 2) reliability, which is the ability to provide the promised service immediately, accurately and satisfactorily; 3) responsiveness (responsiveness), namely the desire of staff to help customers and provide services responsively; 4) assurance, including knowledge, competence, courtesy, and trustworthiness of staff, free from danger, risk or doubt; and 5) empathy (empathy), including ease in establishing relationships, good communication, personal attention, and understanding of the individual needs of customers. The results showed that physical evidence, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, concern and student satisfaction had a positive and significant effect on student satisfaction.
Keywords: Quality of Service, the Satisfaction of College Students
Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Eceran (Retail Marketing Mix Application) terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen
Authors: Amandin Amandin 
Published: January 2020

Given how important the role of service quality is for the life of an organization or company to try to increase its potential, so that the quality and quantity of these services can compete or at least be able to keep up with the pace of competition in the business world. This study aims to determine the Effect of Retail Service Quality (Retail Marketing Mix Application) on Consumer Satisfaction in Alfamart Jl. Raya Palembang-Prabumulih, Gelumbang District, Muara Enim Regency. The method used in this study is a survey method. The data collected consists of primary data and secondary data. Primary data obtained through the interview method that is equipped with a questionnaire that has been prepared. Secondary data were obtained from related companies, as well as several library sources in the form of journals and books relating to this research. And the research design used is causal associative design. In this research, what will be analyzed is the effect of service quality consisting of reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, tangible. The results showed the calculation of the coefficient of determination (R2) was used to determine what percentage of the dependent variable variation could be explained by the variation of the independent variables. From the SPSS output display, the summary model of customer satisfaction is influenced or explained by variations in the five dimensions of service quality, namely physical evidence, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, care. Therefore it can be concluded that the retail marketing mix delivered well by the company can increase customer satisfaction.
Keywords: Service Quality, Consumer Satisfaction
Pertanggung Jawaban Peraturan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan Nomor 45 Terhadap Laporan Keuangan Program Kerja Badan Musyawarah Keluarga Minang Kabau Provinsi Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Ramayani Rika Fitri 
Published: January 2020

The situation and characteristics of the Minangkabau Family Consultative Body of the South Sumatra Province have work programs or activities. This appears related to the management of financial statements. This research in the research design used is descriptive qualitative approach. The purpose of using qualitative research methods is to disclose comparatively and in accounting for financial statements in accordance with the guideline PSAK No. 45. The results showed the weekly general cash report or transactions recorded manually in large books, and became the basis for making the budget realization report for the current year. Application of PSAK No. 45, will produce financial reports consisting of: Statements of Financial Position, Activity Reports, Cash Flow Statements and Notes to Financial Statements. The report has been presented in accordance with PSAK No. 45 of 2011. Conclusion, this standard looks more complicated but by applying this standard will produce more adequate financial statements.
Keywords: PSAK Guideline Number 45, Financial Statements, Minang Kabau Family Consultative Body
Peranan Kepala Desa Muara sungai dalam Pengelolaan Pasar
Authors: Aswariningsih Yelli 
Published: January 2020

Village planning provides the flexibility and opportunity for villages to explore local initiatives (ideas, desires and local will) which are then institutionalized into policies, programs and activities in the field of village governance and development. The purpose of the study was to explain the role of the village head in the management of the Muara Sungai village market in the management of the village market in the Muara river village, CambaiPrabumulih Timur District. The research method is descriptive-analytical with the juridical-empirical method. The results showed that the role of Muara Sungai village head Cambai Subdistrict, Prabumulih Timur Regency in issuing a policy in village market management had not been done properly and correctly, this proved the village head could not issue a form of policy according to his authority, so that it did not provide benefits and income to the village treasury. This is seen as unproductive due to unclear management patterns. So in essence the village market has not provided benefits to increase village income. Therefore, the management of village markets should be improved through standardized management mechanisms and systems as well as accountability in order to avoid irregularities.
Keywords : Management, Market, Village, Village Head