bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Mandala: A Diagram of the Clinical Education Experience in Athletic Training
Authors: Cernohous Steve , West Sharon 
Published: June 2020

Objective: The objective of this paper is to present the practical use of a Mandala that: 1) provides opportunities for athletic training students to explore, reflect on and appreciate their clinical experiences; 2) provides educators with a model to understand and value athletic training student experiences; 3) organizes and captures factors and associated relationships that influence the athletic training student's clinical experience; and 4) provides impetus for further research and discussion between and among athletic training educators.
Background: Athletic training educators often find it difficult to demonstrate and assess the behavioral component of learning. Creative teaching strategies and exercises that help athletic training students develop interpersonal competence, self-awareness, and self-reflection are needed in athletic training education. One approach to address this need is to employ the practical exercise of creating athletic training student Mandalas; portraits of self-expression and interpretation of their athletic training clinical experience.
Description: The Mandala of Clinical Education depicts the individualistic and complex elements of the athletic training student clinical experience. It is a manifestation of a milieu of intrinsic and extrinsic elements, personal experience, and established research. The athletic training student is positioned in the center of the Mandala, embraced by contributing elements and the wholeness of the clinical experience. The artistic design reveals a series of gates, doors, and portals in which the elements of the student's experiences interact and serve as a point for self-reflection.
Conclusion: Mandalas allow the athletic training student and educator opportunities to explore, understand, and value all clinical experiences in athletic training. Mandalas may also facilitate athletic training students developing interpersonal competence, self-awareness and self-reflection, all of which are key components to the foundational behaviors of professional practice.
Spirituality in the Curricula of Accredited Athletic Training Education Programs
Authors: Udermann Brian E. , Schutte Greta E. , Reineke David M. , Pitney William A. , Gibson Mark H. , Murray Steven R. 
Published: June 2020

Objective: The objectives of this study were to examine if topics related to spirituality were being addressed in the curricula of athletic training education programs (ATEPs) and to investigate whether program directors (PDs) believed this to be a topic worthy of inclusion in ATEP experiences.
Design and Setting: A descriptive mixed method study using a web-based survey.
Subjects: The sample consisted of 291 PDs from accredited undergraduate ATEPs in the United States.
Measurements: The items measured included participants' institutional affiliation, years of experience and educational background, perceptions on the propriety of including spiritual topics in ATEP curricula, and general awareness of the literature surrounding spirituality and health.
Results: One hundred ten (79.7%) colleges/universities offered a course in spirituality outside the ATEP curriculum, but only 5 (3.6%) colleges/universities currently offered a course in the ATEP curriculum in which spirituality was the main focus. W e found that 89% of PDs believed there was a connection between spirituality and health/healing. Also, 69% agreed that spirituality should be addressed in a variety of ways within ATEPs. Forty seven percent agreed that it was appropriate to address spirituality with patients. Fourteen percent also reported that spirituality should be incorporated in the athletic training competencies and proficiencies.
Conclusions: These data suggest that the majority of PDs believe there is a connection between spirituality and health/healing, and that spirituality should be addressed in a variety of ways in ATEPs.
Institutional Profiles of CAATE Accredited Entry-Level Athletic Training Education Programs in the United States
Authors: Rich Valerie J. , Kedrowski Jonathan J. , Richter Scott 
Published: June 2020

Context: Educational reform has recently become common thread in athletic training education. The National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) Education Task force suggests that Athletic Training Education Programs (ATEPs) align within colleges of health-related professions and offer academic majors.
Objective: To provide a current profile of ATEP programs including departmental nomenclature, school/college affiliation, institutional classification, degree attainment, and identify ATEPs offering an athletic training major.
Design: Descriptive study
Setting: Internet search of ATEP websites
Subjects: 357 CAATE accredited ATEPs (341 entry-level undergraduate; 16 entry-level graduate)
Measurements: Frequencies and percentages were calculated for all ATEPs based on Carnegie Institutional Classification, school/college affiliation, departmental nomenclature, degree granted and whether ATEPs offered an athletic training major.
Results: Twenty-nine percent of Carnegie classified ATEPs were offered at ‘Master's Large’ institutions. Twenty-four percent of ATEPs were located in Colleges of Education and 25% in Colleges of Health Sciences. Twenty-two percent of ATEPs were located in Departments of Physical Education, followed by 18% in Athletic Training/Sports Medicine, and 16% in Kinesiology. Almost 80% of ATEPs currently offer an athletic training major, with most degrees granted as a Bachelor's of Science.
Conclusions: ATEPs are adapting to new accreditation standards and suggested educational reform. Although some ATEPs are aligning with colleges of health-related professions or have evolved into their own departmental entities, the majority remains within departments of physical education or affiliated disciplines. At this point in time, it is unclear if these realignments are a direct result of the NATA's recommendations.
Situational Supervision for Athletic Training Clinical Education
Authors: Levy Linda S. , Gardner Greg , Barnum Mary G. , Willeford K. Sean , Sexton Patrick , Guyer M. Susan , Fincher A. Louise 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: The medical education model provides the basis for athletic training students to learn theoretical and practical skills. Clinical rotations are completed where they apply what they have learned under the direct supervision of a clinical instructor (CI) or approved clinical instructor (ACI). Approved clinical instructors are taught how to evaluate athletic training students' clinical skills and proficiencies, yet are left to decide for themselves how students should be supervised. No formal supervision training is required for potential CIs/ACIs. Situational Supervision is one potential model that can be used by athletic training educators to provide guidance to CIs/ACIs regarding student supervision. This model provides a method for students to be supervised according to their knowledge base, experience and self-confidence.
Objective: To present the Situational Supervision Model that can be used to develop athletic training students' clinical skills.
Background: Based on Blanchard and Hersey's Situational Leadership, Situational Supervision provides CIs/ACIs with one supervision model that can be used in athletic training clinical education.
Description: As students become more comfortable with clinical skills and mature in motivation and competence, CIs/ACIs need to adapt supervision styles to match the students' progressing development.
Clinical Advantages: Using situational supervision, clinical instruction becomes a cooperative interaction between CIs/ACIs and athletic training students that is dependent on the students' needs and abilities, which may result in higher satisfaction and production for both the students and the CIs/ACIs.
Survey Instrument Validity Part I: Principles of Survey Instrument Development and Validation in Athletic Training Education Research
Authors: Burton Laura J. , Mazerolle Stephanie M. 
Published: June 2020

Context: Instrument validation is an important facet of survey research methods and athletic trainers must be aware of the important underlying principles.
Objective: To discuss the process of survey development and validation, specifically the process of construct validation.
Background: Athletic training researchers frequently employ the use of survey research for topics such as clinical instruction and supervision, burnout, and professional development; however, researchers have not always used proper procedures to ensure instrument validity and reliability for the data collection process.
Description: Four major methods exist to establish the validity of an instrument: face, content, criterion related, and construct. When developing a survey to measure a previously unexplored construct (eg, an athletic trainer's attitudes toward appropriate exertional heat stroke treatment), researchers should employ a four-step process: (1) defining constructs and content domain, (2) generating and judging measurement items, (3) designing and conducting studies to develop a scale, and (4) finalizing the scale.
Clinical Advantages: Establishing the validity of a survey instrument strengthens the data yielded from the data collection process, which allows for greater confidence in the interpretation of the results from the survey.
Conclusions: Construct validity, although a time-intensive process, is necessary to ensure accuracy and validity of the survey instrument.
Student Knowledge, Attitudes, and Use of Evidence-Based Concepts Following an Educational Intervention
Authors: Manspeaker Sarah A. , Van Lunen Bonnie L. , Turocy Paula S. , Pribesh Shana , Hankemeier Dorice 
Published: June 2020

Context: While evidence-based practice (EBP) concepts are being taught in health profession education programs, models of instruction and effectiveness of these models are not evident in athletic training.
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the Evidence-Based Teaching Model (EBTM) in increasing student knowledge, attitudes, and use of evidence-based concepts.
Design: Within subjects design with pre- and post-test evaluations of students' knowledge, attitudes, and intended use using the researcher-developed Evidence-Based Concepts: Knowledge, Attitudes and Use (EBCKAU) survey. Setting: CAATE-accredited undergraduate programs.
Participants: Eighty-two students from a stratified purposeful sample of 9 institutions were enrolled in the study, 78 students (95%) completed the knowledge portion of the survey, while 68 students (83%) fully completed the knowledge, attitudes, and use portions of the survey.
Data Collection and Analysis: The EBCKAU survey was used to assess student factors relating to EBP through multiple choice, Likert scale, and open-ended questions.
Results: Students significantly increased their knowledge, confidence in knowledge, familiarity with, and confidence in use of EBP skills following the EBTM. Prior to the EBTM, students earned a mean knowledge score of 50%. This improved to 66% post-EBTM. Students' interest and perceived importance scores did not increase. Barriers to student use of EBP included time, available resources, ACI open-mindedness, and experience.
Conclusions: The EBTM was effective in improving student factors related to knowledge and use of EBP concepts. To our knowledge, this is the first published teaching model that assessed student outcomes related to EBP in athletic training education.
Athletic Training Educators' Instructional Methods and Confidence in Graduating Students' Abilities Regarding Psychosocial Intervention and Referral
Authors: Hamson-Utley Jennifer-Jordan , Stiller-Ostrowski Jennifer L. 
Published: June 2020

Context: Graduating athletic training students must consider both physical and mental aspects of injury to fully rehabilitate the injured athlete; however, programs may not be preparing students to apply psychosocial strategies that can improve the recovery process.
Objective: To examine Psychosocial Intervention and Referral (PIR) content area curricular methods (instruction and assessment) and the confidence of program directors (PDs) in a graduating student's ability to utilize psychological interventions.
Design: Cross-sectional survey.
Setting: An Internet e-survey gathered information from 128 undergraduate PDs.
Patients or Other Participants: 128 undergraduate professional education PDs; response rate 38.3% (128/334)
Data Collection and Analysis: E-survey variables included educational background (accredited program or internship) and years of PD service, courses, instruction and assessment methods, program demographics (10), content area emphasis rank, and PD's confidence in graduating students' PIR abilities (0–10 scale). Chi-square and odds ratio analyses were employed.
Results: PIR content area received the lowest instructional emphasis rank overall (n = 69; M = 6.80 [2.34]). Competencies that focus on applying psychological interventions with patients were most often instructed through lectures and/or discussions (72.6%) and assessed through written tests (52.3%). Significant Pearson chi-square tests (P &lt; .05) showed that confident PDs (rating of 7 to 10) were more likely to use role-playing to instruct and practical exams to assess student learning. Odds ratio analyses found significantly higher odds of confidence in PDs who used practical assessment methods (1.12 to 25.11).
Conclusion: The results suggest that the use of hands-on instructional and assessment techniques will increase a PD's confidence in a student's psychosocial intervention abilities. Implications for effective pedagogical methodology are discussed.
The Professional Values of Program Directors and Head Athletic Trainers: The Impact of the Hidden Curriculum
Authors: Peer Kimberly S. , Schlabach Gretchen A. 
Published: June 2020

Context: Athletic training education programs (ATEPs) promote the development of foundational behaviors of professional practice. Situated in the context of professional values, ATEPs are challenged to identify outcome measures for these behaviors. These values are tacitly reflected as part of the hidden curriculum.
Objective: To ascertain the importance of professional values as perceived by program directors and head athletic trainers at professional ATEPs located in the Great Lakes Athletic Trainers' Association (GLATA) district.
Design: Cross-sectional survey design.
Setting: 77 ATEPs in GLATA and accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE).
Participants: We surveyed a convenience sample of program directors and head athletic trainers from CAATE-accredited ATEPs in GLATA. We partitioned the 146 participants by their professional role: program director (PDs), head athletic trainer (HATs), and program director/head athletic trainer (PD/HATs).
Main Outcome Measure(s): We measured differences among PDs, HATs, PD/HATs relative to their unfamiliar values, important values, top three ranked values, and perceived importance with articulating professional values.
Results: Altruism and aesthetics were identified as the 2 most frequently unfamiliar values among PDs and HATs, whereas PD/HATs identified 1 value, altruism. Truth/honesty and integrity were the most frequently selected values by PDs and HATs. Truth/honesty and respect were the most frequently selected values by PD/HATs. Truth/honesty was ranked the most important value by HATs and PD/HATs. Truth/honesty and integrity were tied as the number one ranked value by PDs. There was a significant difference in ranking between PD and PD/HAT in regard to the professional values of truth/honesty and integrity.
Conclusion: Truth/honesty, integrity, respect, accountability, and caring are important professional values of ATEP PDs, HATs, PD/HATs in GLATA. It is important for the NATA to explicitly articulate professional core values.
Yusuf Suresi Bağlamında Toplumsal Cinsiyet Kavramı
Authors: TEKE Canan 
Published: June 2020

Özetİnsan sosyal bir varlık olduğu
için onun birçok özelliği toplum içerisinde şekillenmektedir. Cinsiyetlere dair
algılarımız da kültürün bize sunduğu çerçevede gelişmektedir. Cinsiyet denilince
daha çok biyolojik özelliklere vurgu yapılırken, toplumsal cinsiyet de ise toplumun
bu erkek-kadın cinslerine yüklediği anlam ifade edilmektedir. Dolayısıyla
toplumsal cinsiyet kavramına yüklenen anlamlar toplumdan topluma değişiklik
arzetmektedir. Bu kavramın ne olduğu ve nasıl şekillendiği ile ilgili
tartışmalar yıllardır süregelmektedir. Toplumsal cinsiyet her iki cinse de
teorikte atıf yapmaktayken, pratikteki
tartışmalar kadın cinsiyetiyle ilgili eşitsizlikler üzerine yoğunlaşmaktadır. İslam dünyasında da kadın
merkezli tartışmalar hep sıcak tutulmuş ve kadına yönelik haksızlıklar olup
olmadığı tartışılagelmiştir. Bu yüzden Kur’an’ın toplumsal cinsiyete bakış
açısı önem arzetmektedir. Bu konu
kültürel hayatla bağlantılı olduğu için Kur’an-Sosyoloji eksenli çalışmalar
yapılmasına ihtiyaç vardır. Bu ihtiyaçtan hareketle, bu çalışmadaki
problemimiz, Toplumsal Cinsiyet kavramını Yusuf Suresi’nde geçen ‘Züleyha’ ve
‘Yusuf’ özelinde ele almak olacaktır. Amacımız ise sadece sosyolojinin
penceresinden Kur’an’a bakmak değil aynı zamanda Kur’an’ın bakış açısıyla
topluma bakarak Yusuf Kıssası özelinde Kur’an’ın dönemin toplumsal cinsiyet
algısına ilişkin ortaya koyduğu örnekleri anlamaya çalışmaktır. Yöntem olarak
ise tarihsel dokümantasyon yöntemini tercih ettik.

Anahtar
Kelimeler: Toplumsal
cinsiyet, cinsiyet, Yusuf, Züleyha, Mısır
Peningkatan Nilai Ujian Nasional Melalui Penerapan Manajemen Pembelajaran Berbasis Kelas Promosi Degradasi
Authors: Waluyo Teguh 
Published: June 2020

Masalah utama penelitian ini adalah rendahnya nilai ujian nasional (UN) siswa kelas IX di SMP Negeri 5 Semarang Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan nilai UN siswa kelas promosi degradasi di SMP Negeri 5 Semarang pada Tahun Pelajaran tersebut melalui penerapan menejemen pembelajaran berbasis kelas. Prosedur yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaan penelitian ini adalah melalui langkah-langkah secara bertahap, yakni tahap perencanaan, pengorganisasian, aktualisasi program, monitoring, dan evaluasi, serta tindak lanjut. Pengukuran hasil nasional (UN) pada pesereta didik dilakukan melalui dua cara, yaitu (1) uji coba Mandiri dalam bentuk Try Out atau penjajagan UN yang dilakukan atas inisiatif sekolah sendiri. Hasil dari uji coba Mandiri tersebut langsung diterapkan pada kelas promosi degradasi dan (2) Uji coba nonMandiri. Uji coba ini pada dasarnya mengikuti program yang telah dilakukan oleh Dinas Pendidikan yang menerapkan Program Try Out atau Penjajagan UN yang dikelola dan diatur oleh Dinas Pendidikan dan berlaku untuk semua SMP di Kota Semarang, baik negeri maupun swasta. Peningkatan jumlah nilai hasil UN Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019 mengalami kenaikan dari 326,2 menjadi 335,48 bila dibandingkan dengan hasil UN Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018. Hal itu berarti terjadi peningkatan nilai sebesar 9,28. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah nilai UN siswa yang cukup signifikan dan kenaikan peringkat sekolah negeri (SMP Negeri 5 Semarang) yang didasarkan pada hasil capaian nilai UN. Pada Tahun Pelajaran 2014/2015, berdasarkan prestasi nilai UN, SMP Negeri 5 Semarang berada pada peringkat 5 dari 43 SMP Negeri se-Kota Semarang. Pada Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018, SMP Negeri 5 Semarang berada pada peringkat 6 (merosot satu tingkat). Selanjutnya, pada Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019, peringkat SMP Negeri 5 Semarang naik, yakni berada pada peringkat 4. Hal itu berarti, peringkat SMP Negeri 5 Semarang mengalami kenaikan 2 tingkat. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Penerapan Menejemen Pembelajaran Berbasis Kelas Promosi Degradasi pada Siswa Kelas IX SMP Negeri 5 Semarang cukup efektif dalam peningkatan nilai UN siswa kelas IX dan peringkat SMP Negeri 5 Semarang pada Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019.
The Italo-Greek Courtiers and their Saint: Constructing the Italo-Greek Elite's Collective Identity in the Twelfth-Century Norman Kingdom of Sicily
Authors: Tounta Eleni 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT:
This article focuses on the Italo-Greek elite of the Sicilian kingdom in the twelfth century and examines how this elite, which owed its social status to the court offices it held, constructed a collective identity to ensure its prosperity and continuity as a sociocultural group. Since proximity to the king was the prime reason for the existence of this elite, the courtier role is the only facet of its identity that is represented in the sources. Therefore, the poems of two Italo-Greek courtiers, the so-called Anonymous Poet of Malta and Eugenius of Sicily, offer insights into how the Italo-Greeks perceived and represented their role as royal courtiers and came to forge a distinct collective identity. The Vita of Bartholomew of Simeri is considered to be part of the same identity construction strategy, since the saint is invested with traits of an Italo-Greek royal courtier.
Naar een maatschappelijk effectieve schuldenrechter
Authors: Huls Nick 
Published: June 2020

Towards a societally effective judge in debt cases
The corona crisis can be seen as an opportunity to facilitate a much wider access to the courts for a clean slate in the case of personal insolvency. This access was provided by the 1998 Dutch law on debt rescheduling Wsnp. After explaining the relapse of the law and the problems of the present system, an overview is given of the societal activities to turn the tide. The judiciary has started several local experiments to help overindebted citizens. Using the concept of societally effective courts the Council of the judiciary has backed this development. In the concluding part the author discusses several paths to improve the situation. First, the courts should organize themselves in such a way that debt collection and debt help are coordinated. Second, the courts must abandon their strict attitude towards the formalities for access that are now in place. The municipal assistance institutions should be given the possibility to suggest to the courts that their clients are ripe for a fresh start.
Bescherming tegen verwatering
Authors: Brons M. 
Published: June 2020

Bescherming tegen verwatering
Een minderheidsaandeelhouder kan worden geconfronteerd met diverse nadelige gevolgen van een emissie van aandelen in het kapitaal van de BV waarin hij participeert, terwijl de wet hem daartegen vaak onvoldoende beschermt. De auteur bespreekt verschillende vormen van contractuele of statutaire bescherming tegen (de negatieve effecten van) verwatering.