bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Idealness of k-wise intersecting families
Authors: Abdi Ahmad , Cornuéjols Gérard , Huynh Tony , Lee Dabeen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA clutter isk-wise intersectingif everykmembers have a common element, yet no element belongs to all members. We conjecture that, for some integer$$k\ge 4$$k≥4, everyk-wise intersecting clutter is non-ideal. As evidence for our conjecture, we prove it for$$k=4$$k=4for the class of binary clutters. Two key ingredients for our proof are Jaeger’s 8-flow theorem for graphs, and Seymour’s characterization of the binary matroids with the sums of circuits property. As further evidence for our conjecture, we also note that it follows from an unpublished conjecture of Seymour from 1975. We also discuss connections to the chromatic number of a clutter, projective geometries over the two-element field, uniform cycle covers in graphs, and quarter-integral packings of value two in ideal clutters.
Real-time states estimation of a farm tractor using dynamic mode decomposition
Authors: Wang Hao , Noguchi Noboru 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe present a pure data-driven method to estimate vehicle dynamics from the measurements of sideslip and yaw rate in the use of GPS and inertial navigation system. The GPS and INS configuration provides vehicle position, velocity vector, vehicle orientation, and yaw rate observations. A new dynamic mode decomposition with control (DMDc) method denoises the state observations by adopting the total least-squares algorithm. The total least-squares DMD with control (tlsDMDc) helps discover the underlying dynamics with the time-dependent observations of states and external control. The experiments of a simulated linear dynamic model with synthetic Gaussian noise illustrate that the solutions of tlsDMDc are more accurate than the standard DMDc to characterize underlying dynamics with imperfect measurements. We additionally investigate how the algorithm performs on vehicle motion deduction and sensor bias correction. It has been shown that the tlsDMDc-based state estimator with the couple of GPS and inertial sensor measurements provides accurate and robust observation in the presence of model error and measurement noise.
Irrelevant matches in round-robin tournaments
Authors: Faella Marco , Sauro Luigi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe consider tournaments played by a set of players in order to establish a ranking among them. We introduce the notion of irrelevant match, as a match that does not influence the ultimate ranking of the involved parties. After discussing the basic properties of this notion, we seek out tournaments that have no irrelevant matches, focusing on the class of tournaments where each player challenges each other exactly once. We prove that tournaments with a static schedule and at least five players always include irrelevant matches. Conversely, dynamic schedules for an arbitrary number of players can be devised that avoid irrelevant matches, at least for one of the players involved in each match. Finally, we prove by computational means that there exist tournaments where all matches are relevant to both players, at least up to eight players.
Using native grass seeding and targeted spring grazing to reduce low-level Bromus tectorum invasion on the Colorado Plateau
Authors: Porensky Lauren M. , Baughman Owen , Williamson Matthew A. , Perryman Barry L. , Madsen Matthew D. , Leger Elizabeth A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractReducing invasive species abundance near the leading edge of invasions is important for maintaining diverse, high-functioning ecosystems, but it can be hard to remove invasives present at low levels within desirable plant communities. Focusing on an invasive annual grass, Bromus tectorum, near the edge of its range in the southern Colorado Plateau, we used an observational study to ask what plant community components were associated with lower levels of B. tectorum, and a manipulative experiment to ask if targeted spring grazing or seeding native competitors were effective for reversing low-level invasion. The observational study found that higher C3 perennial grass cover and shrub cover were associated with lower B. tectorum abundance, and adult Poa fendleriana and Pascopyrum smithii plants had the fewest B. tectorum individuals within 50 cm. Our manipulative experiment used a randomized, hierarchical design to test the relative effectiveness of seeding native perennial grasses using different spatial planting arrangements, seeding rates, seed enhancements, and targeted spring grazing. Two years after seeding, seeded species establishment was 36% greater in high seed rate than unseeded plots, and high rate plots also had lower B. tectorum cover. One season after targeted spring grazing (a single, 2-week spring-grazing treatment 17 months post-seeding), grazed paddocks displayed trends towards higher seeded species densities and lower B. tectorum biomass in certain seeding treatments, compared to ungrazed paddocks. Results suggest high rate native grass seedings may be effective and short-duration spring grazing should be further evaluated as potential tools for preventing ecosystem conversion along invasion fronts.
Do Evaluative Pressures and Group Identification Cultivate Competitive Orientations and Cynical Attitudes Among Academics?
Authors: Johansson Tobias 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article theorizes and analyzes how two aspects of the increasing accountingization of academia in the form of evaluative pressures and group identification, independently and interactively, work to cultivate academics’ self-interest for their social interactions with the scientific community, forming them to adopt more competitive orientations and cynical attitudes. Using data of a large number of faculty members from the 17 universities in Sweden, it is shown that evaluative pressures and group identification perceived by academics jointly reinforce each other (interact) in affecting their competitive orientation, and that group identification strengthens (moderates) the positive relation between evaluative pressures and academics’ rivalry notions and cynical attitudes. It is shown, contributing further to research on performance evaluation and the cultivation of self-interest and an egoistic ethical climate in academia, that it is evaluative pressures from peers rather than from performance measurements that are the major driver of an individual’s competitive (less cooperative) orientation and cynical attitudes. It is also concluded that while evaluative pressures are related to an increase in academics' competitive orientations, which may be viewed as an intended effect from control designers in universities, such an orientation is inversely related to cooperativeness and openness toward others and goes hand in hand with an increase in having cynical attitudes about peers and the work environment. Control designers in universities may thus not be able to have the one without the other, something that raises ethical concerns for academic leaders to reflect upon when aiming at cultivating self-interest orientations of academics.
Skin and bubble formation in films made of methyl nanocellulose, hydrophobically modified ethyl(hydroxyethyl)cellulose and microfibrillated cellulose
Authors: Lyytikäinen Johanna , Morits Maria , Österberg Monika , Heiskanen Isto , Backfolk Kaj 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe use of nanomaterials and polymers from renewable resources is important in the search for sustainable alternatives to plastic-based packaging materials and films.
In this work, self-supporting thin films prepared from derivatized and non-derivatized nanocellulose and cellulose derivatives were studied. The effect of drying temperature on the film-forming behavior of compositions comprising hydrophobically modified ethyl(hydroxyethyl)cellulose (EHEC), native microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) and nanocellulose made from methyl cellulose was determined. The interaction between the components was assessed from viscosity measurements made at different temperatures, the result being linked to a thermal-dependent association during liquid evaporation, and the subsequent barrier and film-forming properties. The effect of temperature on suspensions was clearly different between the materials, confirming that there were differences in interaction and association between EHEC–MFC and methyl nanocellulose–MFC compositions. The amphiphilic EHEC affected both the suspension homogeneity and the film properties. Air bubbles were formed under certain conditions and composition particularly in MFC films, dependent on the drying procedure. The presence of air bubbles did not affect the oxygen transmission rate or the oil and grease resistance. An increasing amount of MFC improved the oxygen barrier properties of the films.
A model for discrete fracture-clay rock interaction incorporating electrostatic effects on transport
Authors: Steefel Carl I. , Tournassat Christophe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA model based on the code CrunchClay is presented for a fracture-clay matrix system that takes electrostatic effects on transport into account. The electrostatic effects on transport include those associated with the development of a diffusion potential as captured by the Nernst-Planck equation, and the formation of a diffuse layer bordering negatively charged clay particles within which partial anion exclusion occurs. The model is based on a dual continuum formulation that accounts for diffuse layer and bulk water pore space, providing a more flexible framework than is found in the classical mean electrostatic potential models. The diffuse layer model is obtained by volume averaging ion concentrations in the Poisson-Boltzmann equation, but also includes the treatment of longitudinal transport within this continuum. The calculation of transport within the bulk and diffuse layer porosity is based on a new formulation for the Nernst-Planck equation that considers averaging of diffusion coefficients and accumulation factors at grid cell interfaces. Equations for function residuals and the associated Jacobian matrix are presented such that the system of nonlinear differential-algebraic equations can be solved with Newton’s method. As an example, we consider a 2D system with a single discrete fracture within which flow and advective transport occurs that is coupled to diffusion in the clay-rich matrix. The simulation results demonstrate the lack of retardation for anions (e.g.,36Cl−) of the contaminant plume within the fracture flow system because they are largely excluded from the charged clay rock, while the migration of cations (e.g.,90Sr++) is more strongly attenuated. The diffusive loss of divalent cations in particular from the fracture is accentuated by their accumulation in the diffuse layer within the clay-rich matrix.
The politics within institutions for regulating public spending: conditional compliance within multi-year budgets
Authors: Steunenberg Bernard 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMulti-year budget frameworks are often considered as instruments for controlling spending, including in the context of the European Union. This paper shows that the effects of multi-year budgeting depends on several conditions, some of which, may lead to more rather than less spending. The analysis is based on a model of a finance minister’s decision to enforce a previously accepted budget ceiling in subsequent negotiations with a spending minister. The analysis takes account of uncertainty about preferences in these negotiations, positive transaction costs to the finance minister, and the possibility of political mediation through the prime minister. The findings of this paper show that compliance with budget frameworks improves under temporarily stable preferences (e.g. the absence of external shocks), more homogenous preferences within the government (e.g. majoritarian governments in contrast to coalition government), preference similarity between the finance minister and the prime minister (in case of mediation), and increasing transaction costs. In other circumstances, multi-annual frameworks will not be able to block any upward pressure on expenditures.
An Analysis of the Pattern of Adaptive Emotion Regulation Associated with Low Paranoid Ideation in Healthy and Clinical Samples
Authors: Wittkamp Martin F. , Krkovic Katarina , Lincoln Tania M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Research on emotion regulation and paranoid ideation has mostly focused on isolated regulation strategies and has remained largely inconclusive. According to the emotion regulation model by Berking and Whitley (in: Affect Regulation Training, Springer, New York 2014) successful modification or acceptance/tolerance of emotions requires an adequate comprehension (awareness, clarity, understanding) of emotions and adequate self-support.

Method
Building on this model, we investigated whether comprehension and self-support strengthen the negative association between modification and acceptance/tolerance and paranoid ideation. In study 1, we examined the hypotheses cross-sectionally based on questionnaire data from a combined sample (N = 125) consisting of people with a psychotic disorder, people at risk of developing psychosis, and healthy controls. In study 2, we examined the same hypotheses longitudinally by employing the experience sampling method in people with clinically relevant psychopathology below diagnostic threshold (N = 138).

Results
In study 1, the association between modification and paranoid ideation was not moderated by comprehension or self-support. However, comprehension and self-support moderated the association between acceptance/tolerance and paranoid ideation. In study 2, the interaction effect between comprehension and acceptance/tolerance on paranoid ideation was confirmed.

Conclusion
The results indicate that comprehending and accepting/tolerating emotions could be protective against paranoid ideation.
The effect of substrate bias on the piezoelectric properties of pulse DC magnetron sputtered AlN thin films
Authors: Khánh Nguyen Quoc , Radó János , Horváth Zsolt Endre , Soleimani Saeedeh , Oyunbolor Binderiya , Volk János 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSubstrate bias was applied for AlN deposition on rolled Ni sheet during pulse DC reactive sputtering to overcome the difficulty caused by thermal expansion mismatch between Ni substrate and AlN upon substrate heating. It was shown by Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM) that the quality of the deposited AlN layer depends strongly on the negative substrate bias, i.e., the energy transferred via the bombardment of the accelerated positive ions on the sample. As the negative substrate bias becomes larger, the so formed layer shows higher piezoresponse, and better homogeneity. A Z-cut LiNbO3 single crystal was used as a reference to correct the PFM signals. The highest average d33 piezoelectric coefficient value, achieved at − 100 V substrate bias, is 3.4 pm/V indicating the feasibility of AlN deposition on rolled Ni substrate for vibration energy harvesting applications.
Adolescent Problem Gambling in Rural Ghana: Prevalence and Gender Differentiation
Authors: Odame Samuel Kofi , Quarshie Emmanuel Nii-Boye , Oti-Boadi Mabel , Andoh-Arthur Johnny , Asante Kwaku Oppong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractProblem gambling among young people is now a public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the behaviour remains understudied, particularly, among rural-dwelling young people in countries within the subregion. We aimed to estimate the 12 months prevalence of problem gambling and to describe the overall and gender differences and commonalities in personal factors and social adversities associated with problem gambling among adolescents in rural Ghana. We conducted a cross-sectional survey involving a random sample of 1101 in-school adolescents aged 10–19 years in a rural district in Eastern Ghana; we used the DSM-IV-Multiple Response-Juvenile (DSM-IV-MR-J) questionnaire to assess problem gambling during the previous 12 months. Personal lifestyle and psychosocial variables were assessed using adopted items from the 2012 WHO–Global School-based Student Health Survey. Overall, three in 10 adolescents (3 in 10 females; 4 in 10 males) in rural Ghana reported problem gambling in the previous 12 months. Female adolescents who experienced problem gambling were more likely to report family-related social adversities, while adolescent male problem gambling was associated with school-related factors and interpersonal factors outside the family context. Regardless of gender, sexual abuse victimisation was associated with three times increase in the odds of experiencing problem gambling. Relative to the prevalence of gambling among adolescents in urban contexts in other countries within sub-Saharan Africa, the estimates of problem gambling among in-school rural adolescents in Ghana are higher. Although further studies are needed to understand the nuances of the behaviour, the evidence of this study underscores the need for general and targeted health promotion, intervention and prevention efforts to mitigate the family, school, and interpersonal social adversities associated with adolescent problem gambling in rural Ghana.
Congenital hypopituitarism in two brothers with a duplication of the ‘acrogigantism gene’ GPR101: clinical findings and review of the literature
Authors: Elizabeth Melitza S. M. , Verkerk Annemieke J. M. H. , Hokken-Koelega Anita C. S. , Verlouw Joost A. M. , Argente Jesús , Pfaeffle Roland , Neggers Sebastian J. C. M. M. , Visser Jenny A. , de Graaff Laura C. G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeCongenital hypopituitarism (CH) can cause significant morbidity or even mortality. In the majority of patients, the etiology of CH is unknown. Understanding the etiology of CH is important for anticipation of clinical problems and for genetic counselling. Our previous studies showed that only a small proportion of cases have mutations in the known ‘CH genes’. In the current project, we present the results of SNP array based copy number variant analysis in a family with unexplained congenital hypopituitarism.MethodsDNA samples of two affected brothers with idiopathic CH and their mother were simultaneously analyzed by SNP arrays for copy number variant analysis and Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) for mutation screening. DNA of the father was not available.ResultsWe found a 6 Mb duplication includingGPR101andSOX3on the X-chromosome (Xq26.2-q27.1) in the two siblings and their mother, leading to 2 copies of this region in the affected boys and 3 copies in the mother. Duplications ofGPR101are associated with X-linked acrogigantism (the phenotypic ‘opposite’ of the affected brothers), whereas alterations inSOX3are associated with X-linked hypopituitarism.ConclusionIn our patients with hypopituitarism we found a 6 Mb duplication which includesGPR101, a gene associated with X- linked gigantism, andSOX3, a gene involved in early pituitary organogenesis that is associated with variable degrees of hypopituitarism. Our findings show that in duplications containing bothGPR101andSOX3, the growth hormone deficiency phenotype is dominant. This suggests that, ifGPR101is duplicated, it might not be expressed phenotypically when early patterning of the embryonic pituitary is affected due toSOX3duplication. These results, together with the review of the literature, shed a new light on the role ofGPR101andSOX3in pituitary function.
Crowdfunding cultural and commercial entrepreneurs: an empirical study on motivation in distinct backer communities
Authors: Bürger Tobias , Kleinert Simon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDrawing on self-determination theory (SDT), this study examines differences in the motivation of backers to support cultural and commercial entrepreneurs through reward crowdfunding. We propose that backers of commercial campaigns are a community of early-customers motivated by the prospects of attractive product offerings, while backers of cultural projects constitute a distinct community motivated to support capital-constrained cultural entrepreneurs and connect with like-minded individuals. We use data from the largest German crowdfunding platform, Startnext, and analyze 2334 rewards from 225 cultural and commercial projects. Our results provide support for our hypotheses: Rewards involving price discounts matter particularly for backers of commercial projects and rewards that engage backers with their community matter more for cultural backers. Surprisingly, however, backers of cultural projects are not altruistic; they are no more likely than commercial backers to support campaigns selflessly in response to symbolic rewards.
The Zak Transform on Gelfand–Shilov and Modulation Spaces with Applications to Operator Theory
Authors: Toft Joachim 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe characterize Gelfand–Shilov spaces, their distribution spaces and modulation spaces in terms of estimates of their Zak transforms. We use these results for general investigations of quasi-periodic functions and distributions. We also establish necessary and sufficient conditions for linear operators in order for these operators should be conjugations by Zak transforms.
Assessment of kitchen wastewater quality for irrigation
Authors: Parwin Rijwana , Paul Kakoli Karar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this study, the potential reuse of kitchen wastewater (KWW) in irrigation was analyzed to reduce the present freshwater demand. To know the suitability of KWW for irrigation, the samples were first collected from an educational institute in India and then characterized according to its physical, chemical, and bacteriological properties. The characterized data were then compared with the standard limit for irrigation Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO in Water quality for agriculture. Irrigation and drainage paper 29, M56, 1994) and the US Salinity Laboratory (USSL). Apart from the above irrigation standards, the characterized data were also compared with sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate, sodium percentage (Na%), magnesium hazard (MH), Kelly’s ratio (KR), and permeability index to get better clarity. From the characterization, it was found that carbonate, fluoride, chromium, and Escherichia coli were absent, whereas parameters like pH, chloride, iron, copper, magnesium, lead, nickel, sodium, calcium, zinc, aluminum, and sodium adsorption ratio were within the permissible limit. The result obtained from the USSL classification system suggested that 30.77% of KWW samples are safe for irrigation. Moreover, its quality was found to be safe for irrigation based on SAR, Na%, KR, and MH. For better decision making of KWW reuse in irrigation, the output of Mamdani fuzzy inference system (MFIS) was compared with the USSL classification system. The overall agreement between USSL and MFIS was found to be 55.6% for KWW.