bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Openness to Experience Moderates the Association Between Problem-Solving Style and Negative Affect
Authors: Sanatkar Samineh , Rubin Mark 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Everyday problem-solving situations can be approached on an independent or interdependent basis. The current article investigated the moderating effects of openness to experience and self-efficacy on the relation between an independent versus interdependent problem-solving style and negative affect (stress, anxiety, depression, and neuroticism). Australian university students ( Ns = 399, 186, 337, and 248) and international academic researchers ( N = 199) took part in research studies examining the relations between personality, problem-solving-style, and mental health. Openness to experience moderated the association between problem-solving style and negative affect in all five studies. When openness was low, independent problem-solvers reported greater negative emotionality compared to interdependent problem-solvers. Further, the moderating effect of openness to experience on trait-based negative affectivity (i.e., neuroticism) was mediated by state-based negative emotional experiences of anxiety and stress. The moderating effect of self-efficacy appraisals was only statistically significant on specific anxiety about solving problems. Openness to experience seems to help alleviate the negative mental consequences of independent problem-solvers. These findings have implications for clinical practice with regard to building a therapeutic relationship and retaining clients.
Earthquake Declustering Using the Nearest‐Neighbor Approach in Space‐Time‐Magnitude Domain
Authors: Zaliapin Ilya , Ben‐Zion Yehuda 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe introduce an algorithm for declustering earthquake catalogs based on the nearest‐neighbor analysis of seismicity. The algorithm discriminates between background and clustered events by random thinning that removes events according to a space‐varying threshold. The threshold is estimated using randomized‐reshuffled catalogs that are stationary, have independent space and time components, and preserve the space distribution of the original catalog. Analysis of catalog produced by the Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence model demonstrates that the algorithm correctly classifies over 80% of background and clustered events, correctly reconstructs the stationary and space‐dependent background intensity, and shows high stability with respect to random realizations (over 75% of events have the same estimated type in over 90% of random realizations). The declustering algorithm is applied to the global Northern California Earthquake Data Center catalog with magnitudes m ≥ 4 during 2000–2015; a Southern California catalog with m ≥ 2.5, 3.5 during 1981–2017; an area around the 1992 Landers rupture zone with m ≥ 0.0 during 1981–2015; and the Parkfield segment of San Andreas fault with m ≥ 1.0 during 1984–2014. The null hypotheses of stationarity and space‐time independence are not rejected by several tests applied to the estimated background events of the global and Southern California catalogs with magnitude ranges Δm < 4. However, both hypotheses are rejected for catalogs with larger range of magnitudes Δm > 4. The deviations from the nulls are mainly due to local temporal fluctuations of seismicity and activity switching among subregions; they can be traced back to the original catalogs and represent genuine features of background seismicity.
Why Do the Maximum Intensities in Modeled Tropical Cyclones Vary Under the Same Environmental Conditions?
Authors: Tao Dandan , Bell Michael , Rotunno Richard , van Leeuwen Peter Jan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this study w e explored why the different initial tropical cyclone structures can result in different steady‐state maximum intensities in model simulations with the same environmental conditions. We discovered a linear relationsh ip between the radius of maximum wind (rm) and the absolute angular momentum that passes through rm (Mm) in the model simulated steady‐state tropical cyclones that rm = aMm+b. This nonnegligible intercept b is found to be the key to making a steady‐state storm with a larger Mm more intense. The sensitivity experiments show that this nonzero b results mainly from horizontal turbulent mixing and decreases with decreased horizontal mixing. Using this linear relationship from the simulations, it is also found that the degree of supergradient wind is a function of Mm as well as the turbulent mixing length such that both a larger Mm and/or a reduced turbulent mixing length result in larger supergradient winds.
Charge Separation in Collisions Between Ice Crystals and a Spherical Simulated Graupel of Centimeter Size
Authors: Luque Melina Y. , Nollas Fernando , Pereyra Rodolfo G. , Bürgesser Rodrigo E. , Ávila Eldo E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis work reports a new laboratory study of the electric charge separated in collisions between a spherical target of 1 cm in diameter growing by riming and vapor‐grown ice crystals, with the objective of studying the charging behavior of the larger ice precipitation particles in thunderstorms in terms of the noninductive mechanism. A series of experiments was conducte d for a wide range of environmental conditions; the measurements were performed for effective liquid water content between 0.5 and 5 g m−3, for ambient temperatures between −5 and −30 °C and at air speed of 11 m s−1. The magnitude and sign of the electric charge transfer on the ice sphere as a function of the ambient temperature and the effective liquid water content is presented. The results show a charge reversal temperature for the riming target, which is roughly independent of liquid water concentration in the measured range. The simulated graupel charges negatively for temperatures below −15 °C, and positively at temperatures above −15 °C.
Exploring Impacts of Size‐Dependent Evaporation and Entrainment in a Global Model
Authors: Karset I. H. H. , Gettelman A. , Storelvmo T. , Alterskjær K. , Berntsen T. K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhile most observations indicate well‐buffered clouds to aerosol perturbations, global models do not. Among the suggested mechanisms for this discrepancy is the models' lack of connections between cloud droplet size and two processes that can contribute to reduced cloudiness when droplets become more numerous and smaller: evaporation and entrainment. In this study, we explore different implementations of size‐dependent evaporation and entrainment in the global atmospheric model CAM5.3‐Oslo. We study their impact on the preindustrial‐to‐present day change in liquid water path (
) and the corresponding aerosol indirect effect (
). Impacts of the 2014–2015 fissure eruption in Holuhraun, Iceland, are also presented. Our entrainment modifications only have a moderate effect on
(changes from
1.07 W m
to
0.98 W m
), and a small impact on the signal from the Holuhraun eruption compared to other suggested compensating mechanisms. Simulations with added size‐dependent evaporation in the top of the stratiform clouds also show small evaporation differences between PI and PD. Moderate changes in
were achieved when also including an entrainment feedback to the evaporation changes, mixing air between the cloudtop layer and the layer above. These changes were not associated with the size dependency, but changes in the cloud susceptibility to aerosols in both PI and PD when adding evaporation. We find that increased evaporation of smaller droplets at stratiform cloud tops can reduce
, but can increase
in some areas due to enhanced shallow convection caused by destabilization.
Real‐Time Thermospheric Density Estimation via Two‐Line Element Data Assimilation
Authors: Gondelach David J. , Linares Richard 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInaccurate estimates of the thermospheric density are a major source of error in low Earth orbit prediction. Therefore, real‐time density estimation is required to improve orbit prediction. In this work, we develop a dynamic reduced‐order model for the thermospheric density that enables real‐time density estimation using two‐line element (TLE) data. For this, the global thermospheric density is represented by the main spatial modes of the atmosphere and a time‐varying low‐dimensional state and a linear model is derived for the dynamics. Three different models are developed based on density data from the TIE‐GCM, NRLMSISE‐00, and JB2008 thermosphere models and are valid from 100 to maximum 800 km altitude. Using the models and TLE data, the global density is estimated by simultaneously estimating the density and the orbits and ballistic coefficients of several objects using a Kalman filter. The sequential estimation provides both estimates of the density and corresponding uncertainty. Accurate density estimation using the TLEs of 17 objects is demonstrated and validated against CHAMP and GRACE accelerometer‐derived densities. The estimated densities are shown to be significantly more accurate and less biased than NRLMSISE‐00 and JB2008 modeled densities. The uncertainty in the density estimates is quantified and shown to be dependent on the geographical location, solar activity, and objects used for estimation. In addition, the data assimilation capability of the model is highlighted by assimilating CHAMP accelerometer‐derived density data together with TLE data to obtain more accurate global density estimates. Finally, the dynamic thermosphere model is used to forecast the density.
Mantle Structure and Flow Beneath an Early‐Stage Continental Rift: Constraints From P Wave Anisotropic Tomography
Authors: Yu Youqiang , Gao Stephen S. , Zhao Dapeng , Liu Kelly H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTo explore 3‐D seismic velocity and radial anisotropy structures of the upper mantle and mantle transition zone beneath the Malawi and Luangwa rift zones of the East African Rift System, we conduct the first study of P wave anisotropic tomography using data recorded at 75 seismic stations including 34 stations that we installed along two profiles as part of the Seismic Arrays for African Rift Initiation experiment. Both rift zones are revealed to have normal or slightly low velocity anomalies in the lithosphere and upper asthenosphere. The surrounding cratonic lithosphere is characterized by high‐velocity anomalies with amplitudes ranging from +1.0% to +2.0%. Negative radial anisotropy, which is indicative of upwelling or downwelling in the mantle, is mainly distributed beneath the rift zones, whereas the other areas mostly feature positive radial anisotropy that implies horizontal flow. A prominent circular low‐velocity anomaly exists in the top 200 km of the upper mantle beneath the Rungwe Volcanic Province without obvious connections to the lower mantle. Combining the present findings with previous geodetic and tomography results, we interpret the Rungwe Volcanic Province magmatism as primarily due to decompression melting in response to lithospheric extension induced by the counterclockwise and clockwise rotations of the Victoria and Rovuma microplates, respectively, with respect to the Nubian plate. Isolated mantle upwelling, which is indicated by scattered low‐velocity anomalies and negative radial anisotropy beneath the Malawi rift zone, may contribute to the incipient rifting.
Reconciling Orogenic Drivers for the Evolution of the Bangong‐Nujiang Tethys During Middle‐Late Jurassic
Authors: Li Shi‐Min , Wang Qing , Zhu Di‐Cheng , Cawood Peter A. , Stern Robert J. , Weinberg Roberto , Zhao Zhidan , Mo Xuan‐Xue 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIdentifying arc‐trench systems along with spatial and temporal variations in their record of tectono‐magmatic events is crucial for determining the orogenic divers and evolution of orogenic systems. New geochronological and geochemical data of Jurassic igneous rocks, as well as detrital zircon data from contemporaneous sedimentary units, within the eastern Bangong‐Nujiang suture in central Tibet indicate the existence of an approximately 1,200‐km Middle‐Late Jurassic magmatic arc system. This arc system can be divided into two distinct along‐strike segments, which are characterized by magmatic activity extending from 166 to 160 Ma in the east and 170–148 Ma in the west, followed by magmatic gaps at 160–120 and 148–125 Ma, respectively. An accretionary prism, magmatic arc, and retro‐arc sedimentary units are identified from south to north in the eastern segment. The 166–160 Ma arc includes high‐K calc‐alkaline granitoids, and high‐Mg andesites, dacites, and rhyolites, which collectively can be interpreted to originate from partial melting of ancient lower crust and mélange diapirs above a north dipping subduction zone. Our analysis reveals the existence of an overall compressional arc‐trench system along strike, which overlaps with a phase of 170–160 Ma ophiolite generation and a rock association of 160–148 Ma slab‐derived adakites and oceanic island basalt‐type rocks, and is followed by an overall magmatic gap during 148–125 Ma with subsequent 125–105 Ma extensive magmatism. We infer that these records may reflect sequential tectonic events, including subparallel ridge‐trench collision (170–160 Ma), slab window formation (160–148 Ma), subsequent subduction termination (148–125 Ma), and final Lhasa‐Qiangtang amalgamation (125–105 Ma).
B7-H3 promotes colorectal cancer angiogenesis through activating the NF-κB pathway to induce VEGFA expression
Authors: Wang Ruoqin , Ma Yanchao , Zhan Shenghua , Zhang Guangbo , Cao Lei , Zhang Xueguang , Shi Tongguo , Chen Weichang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTumor angiogenesis is a hallmark of cancer and is involved in the tumorigenesis of solid tumors. B7-H3, an immune checkpoint molecule, plays critical roles in proliferation, metastasis and tumorigenesis in diverse tumors; however, little is known about the biological functions and molecular mechanism underlying B7-H3 in regulating colorectal cancer (CRC) angiogenesis. In this study, we first demonstrated that the expression of B7-H3 was significantly upregulated and was positively associated with platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31) level in tissue samples from patients with CRC. In addition, a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that conditioned medium from B7-H3 knockdown CRC cells significantly inhibited the migration, invasion, and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), whereas overexpression of B7-H3 had the opposite effect. Furthermore, B7-H3 promoted tumor angiogenesis by upregulating VEGFA expression. Recombinant VEGFA abolished the inhibitory effects of conditioned medium from shB7-H3 CRC cells on HUVEC angiogenesis, while VEGFA siRNA or a VEGFA-neutralizing antibody reversed the effects of conditioned medium from B7-H3-overexpressing CRC cells on HUVEC angiogenesis. Moreover, we verified that B7-H3 upregulated VEGFA expression and angiogenesis by activating the NF-κB pathway. Collectively, our findings identify the B7-H3/NF-κB/VEGFA axis in promoting CRC angiogenesis, which serves as a promising approach for CRC treatment.
Frataxin deficiency induces lipid accumulation and affects thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue
Authors: Turchi Riccardo , Tortolici Flavia , Guidobaldi Giulio , Iacovelli Federico , Falconi Mattia , Rufini Stefano , Faraonio Raffaella , Casagrande Viviana , Federici Massimo , De Angelis Lorenzo , Carotti Simone , Francesconi Maria , Zingariello Maria , Morini Sergio , Bernardini Roberta , Mattei Maurizio , La Rosa Piergiorgio , Piemonte Fiorella , Lettieri-Barbato Daniele , Aquilano Katia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDecreased expression of mitochondrial frataxin (FXN) causes Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA), a neurodegenerative disease with type 2 diabetes (T2D) as severe comorbidity. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a mitochondria-enriched and anti-diabetic tissue that turns excess energy into heat to maintain metabolic homeostasis. Here we report that the FXN knock-in/knock-out (KIKO) mouse shows hyperlipidemia, reduced energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity, and elevated plasma leptin, recapitulating T2D-like signatures. FXN deficiency leads to disrupted mitochondrial ultrastructure and oxygen consumption as well as lipid accumulation in BAT. Transcriptomic data highlights cold intolerance in association with iron-mediated cell death (ferroptosis). Impaired PKA-mediated lipolysis and expression of genes controlling mitochondrial metabolism, lipid catabolism and adipogenesis were observed in BAT of KIKO mice as well as in FXN-deficient T37i brown and primary adipocytes. Significant susceptibility to ferroptosis was observed in adipocyte precursors that showed increased lipid peroxidation and decreased glutathione peroxidase 4. Collectively our data point to BAT dysfunction in FRDA and suggest BAT as promising therapeutic target to overcome T2D in FRDA.
The yin and yang of co-inhibitory receptors: toward anti-tumor immunity without autoimmunity
Authors: Schnell Alexandra , Bod Lloyd , Madi Asaf , Kuchroo Vijay K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCo-inhibitory receptors are important regulators of T-cell function that define the balance between tolerance and autoimmunity. The immune regulatory function of co-inhibitory receptors, including CTLA-4, PD-1, TIM-3, TIGIT, and LAG-3, was first discovered in the setting of autoimmune disease models, in which their blockade or deficiency resulted in induction or exacerbation of the disease. Later on, co-inhibitory receptors on lymphocytes have also been found to influence outcomes in tumor and chronic viral infection settings. These receptors suppress T-cell function in the tumor microenvironment (TME), thereby making the T cells dysfunctional. Based on this observation, blockade of co-inhibitory receptors (also known as checkpoint molecules) has emerged as a successful treatment option for a number of human cancers. However, severe autoimmune-like side effects limit the use of therapeutics that block individual or combinations of co-inhibitory receptors for cancer treatment. In this review we provide an overview of the role of co-inhibitory receptors in autoimmunity and anti-tumor immunity. We then discuss current approaches and future directions to leverage our knowledge of co-inhibitory receptors to target them in tumor immunity without inducing autoimmunity.
Chaperone mediated detection of small molecule target binding in cells
Authors: Cho Kelvin F. , Ma Taylur P. , Rose Christopher M. , Kirkpatrick Donald S. , Yu Kebing , Blake Robert A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe ability to quantitatively measure a small molecule’s interactions with its protein target(s) is crucial for both mechanistic studies of signaling pathways and in drug discovery. However, current methods to achieve this have specific requirements that can limit their application or interpretation. Here we describe a complementary target-engagement method, HIPStA (Heat Shock Protein Inhibition Protein Stability Assay), a high-throughput method to assess small molecule binding to endogenous, unmodified target protein(s) in cells. The methodology relies on the change in protein turnover when chaperones, such as HSP90, are inhibited and the stabilization effect that drug-target binding has on this change. We use HIPStA to measure drug binding to three different classes of drug targets (receptor tyrosine kinases, nuclear hormone receptors, and cytoplasmic protein kinases), via quantitative fluorescence imaging. We further demonstrate its utility by pairing the method with quantitative mass spectrometry to identify previously unknown targets of a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
Resistance of melanoma to immune checkpoint inhibitors is overcome by targeting the sphingosine kinase-1
Authors: Imbert Caroline , Montfort Anne , Fraisse Marine , Marcheteau Elie , Gilhodes Julia , Martin Elodie , Bertrand Florie , Marcellin Marlène , Burlet-Schiltz Odile , Peredo Anne Gonzalez de , Garcia Virginie , Carpentier Stéphane , Tartare-Deckert Sophie , Brousset Pierre , Rochaix Philippe , Puisset Florent , Filleron Thomas , Meyer Nicolas , Lamant Laurence , Levade Thierry , Ségui Bruno , Andrieu-Abadie Nathalie , Colacios Céline 
Published: January 2020

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have dramatically modified the prognosis of several advanced cancers, however many patients still do not respond to treatment. Optimal results might be obtained by targeting cancer cell metabolism to modulate the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Here, we identify sphingosine kinase-1 (SK1) as a key regulator of anti-tumor immunity. Increased expression of SK1 in tumor cells is significantly associated with shorter survival in metastatic melanoma patients treated with anti-PD-1. Targeting SK1 markedly enhances the responses to ICI in murine models of melanoma, breast and colon cancer. Mechanistically, SK1 silencing decreases the expression of various immunosuppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment to limit regulatory T cell (Treg) infiltration. Accordingly, a SK1-dependent immunosuppressive signature is also observed in human melanoma biopsies. Altogether, this study identifies SK1 as a checkpoint lipid kinase that could be targeted to enhance immunotherapy.
Regenerable and stable sp2 carbon-conjugated covalent organic frameworks for selective detection and extraction of uranium
Authors: Cui Wei-Rong , Zhang Cheng-Rong , Jiang Wei , Li Fang-Fang , Liang Ru-Ping , Liu Juewen , Qiu Jian-Ding 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUranium is a key element in the nuclear industry, but its unintended leakage has caused health and environmental concerns. Here we report asp2carbon-conjugated fluorescent covalent organic framework (COF) named TFPT-BTAN-AO with excellent chemical, thermal and radiation stability is synthesized by integrating triazine-based building blocks with amidoxime-substituted linkers. TFPT-BTAN-AO shows an exceptional UO22+adsorption capacity of 427 mg g−1attributable to the abundant selective uranium-binding groups on the highly accessible pore walls of open 1D channels. In addition, it has an ultra-fast response time (2 s) and an ultra-low detection limit of 6.7 nM UO22+suitable for on-site and real-time monitoring of UO22+, allowing not only extraction but also monitoring the quality of the extracted water. This study demonstrates great potential of fluorescent COFs for radionuclide detection and extraction. By rational designing target ligands, this strategy can be extended to the detection and extraction of other contaminants.
NPY mediates the rapid feeding and glucose metabolism regulatory functions of AgRP neurons
Authors: Engström Ruud Linda , Pereira Mafalda M. A. , de Solis Alain J. , Fenselau Henning , Brüning Jens C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractActivation of Agouti-Related Peptide (AgRP)-expressing neurons promotes feeding and insulin resistance. Here, we examine the contribution of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-dependent signaling to the diverse physiological consequences of activating AgRP neurons. NPY-deficient mice fail to rapidly increase food intake during the first hour of either chemo- or optogenetic activation of AgRP neurons, while the delayed increase in feeding is comparable between control and NPY-deficient mice. Acutely stimulating AgRP neurons fails to induce systemic insulin resistance in NPY-deficient mice, while increased locomotor activity upon AgRP neuron stimulation in the absence of food remains unaffected in these animals. Selective re-expression of NPY in AgRP neurons attenuates the reduced feeding response and reverses the protection from insulin resistance upon optogenetic activation of AgRP neurons in NPY-deficient mice. Collectively, these experiments reveal a pivotal role of NPY-dependent signaling in mediating the rapid feeding inducing effect and the acute glucose regulatory function governed by AgRP neurons.