bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ways to improve the interaction between executive authorities and business entities in the sphere of forestry
Authors: Kolesnichenko E , Panyavina E , Sokolinskaya Yu , Netrebskaya O 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The effective development of the forestry sector mainly depends on the specifics and ways of interaction between business entities and the bodies of government, since the land resources are owned by the state. The authors analyzed the normative legal acts regulating the interaction between the state and business entities in the sphere of forestry. They also systematized and analyzed the factors that determine the effectiveness of this interaction. Taking into account the activities of the government bodies and enterprises, the authors paid special attention to differentiation and systematization of the factors. After applying the interview method, organizing a brainstorm and carrying out the hierarchy analysis, the authors concluded that the economic factor is the most important. The authors formulated a number of recommendations concerning the regulatory and legislative support as well as the infrastructure provision and the support for small and medium-sized enterprises. The authors generalized a lot of analytical, research and legislative material to give an idea of the modern forms and methods of interaction between the executive authorities and business entities in the sphere of forestry. Apart from that, the authors analyzed the interaction of the mentioned structures in the sparsely wooded areas.
Introduced poplar varieties and new hybrids for protective afforestation
Authors: Tsarev A , Tsareva R , Tsarev V , Miligula E , Lenchenkova O 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The volume of actual protective forest stands in the Central Chernozem Region is presented, and the need for their additional creation is shown. It is noted that in recent years, side by side with the main forest tree species competitive cultivars of euramerican poplars varieties and some new hybrids obtained by domestic breeding have been introduced in the forest shelter belts and protective stands, which in the reclamation fund of the Voronezh region reached a height of 15 m at 20 years, 25 m at 30 years and 30 m at 42 years. After many years of testing in various soil and climatic environments of the region the selection of promising poplars varieties, hybrids and clones for protective afforestation was carried out. The following euramerican cultivars have been recommended: ‘Vernirubens’, ‘Robusta’, ‘Regenerata’, ‘Sacrau-59’ etc. From domestic hybrids ‘Pioneer’ and ‘E.s.-38’ (Elite seedling No. 38) can be recommended, which grow well in the floodplain conditions in dry steppe zone in Volgograd region. At 30 years, they reached a height of 24-25 m; and diameter – 28-31 cm. For comparison, similar growth indices (height about 20 m, diameter – 28-30 cm) oak shelter forest plantations in Kamennaya Steppe reached only by the age of 75 years.
New technology for encapsulating conditioned seeds to increase aerial seeding efficiency
Authors: Vovchenko N , Novikov A , Sokolov S , Tishchenko E 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Study refers to the field of forestry, in particular, to technologies that ensure the encapsulation of seeds for aerial sowing during reforestation in areas inaccessible or ineffective for ground mechanization. The existing approaches today have a number of significant disadvantages: increased injury to seeds and the impossibility of subsequent directive sowing; insufficient density of the capsule outer shell for aerial seeding, allowing only surface aerial seeding; high complexity and laboriousness of execution, which does not allow its implementation in the field. Based on a systematic and patent search, the existing technologies for producing capsules, including freezing seeds, have been analyzed. The result is developed and patented sequence of operations, the effectiveness of using which in aerial seeding is confirmed economically. Its advantages are simplicity, increasing the accuracy of aerial seeding by ensuring the aerodynamic stability of the capsules in flight and increasing the protection of seeds in contact with the soil by placing the seeds inside the capsules. However, a number of questions remain for future research: how does the drop height and soil condition affect the strength and proportions of the capsules? How does the physical-chemical composition solution on the strength and proportions of capsules?
The influence of heavy metals in the green zone oak coppice on the fertility of Neuroterus numismalis Fourc and Diplolepis quercus folii L.
Authors: Tylek P , Kazbanova I 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The problem of pollution effect on insects requires careful research. It is necessary to work out ways to reduce this impact on insects, if the pollution does not aim to destroy it. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of heavy metals on the species composition and population of Cynips (Neuroterus numismalis and Diplolepis quercus folii) in the overgrown oak forests of green zones. The main test - the object was a Neuroterus numismalis and Diplolepis quercus folii. The main research was carried out in coppice oak forests of the green zone of Voronezh (Russian Federation) in the Pravoberezhnoye forestry in quarters 33 and 35 along the M-4 “Don” highway. The ability of a Neuroterus numismalis to selectively populate oak leaves with an increased concentration of heavy metals puts it in the category of the most effective bio-indicators among the Cynips. The gall of the Diplolepis quercus folii is most susceptible to chemical contamination. With a low level of chemical contamination, the fecundity of the Diplolepis quercus folii and Neuroterus numismalis reaches a maximum level and decreases (in the Neuroterus numismalis one more sharply) with an average level of pollution.
Closed-loop economic model formation in the forest industry
Authors: Allegret J-P , Yakovleva E A , Titova E V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The article is devoted to solving the problems of constructing a closed-loop model in the forest industry. The transition to a circular economy requires introduction of innovations in production based on a long life cycle of goods and resources, restoration, reconstruction, the possibility of joint consumption and processing. An urgent problem is the organization of utilization and processing of waste from the forest industry, since this leads to the conservation of primary wood material and significantly reduces the amount of deforestation. The aim of the study is to assess the level of implementation of closed cycles in the forest industry to conserve natural resources, to ensure the protection of people and the environment in production and management. The key role in substantiating the results of the study was provided by the scientific methodology for studying socio-economic phenomena and processes, methods of systemic, criteria-based, institutional analysis, empirical generalization, and a normative approach. To simulate the development of cyclic development, economic opportunities are identified that allow involving additional resources in the secondary circulation, reducing the volume of burial and burning of wood waste, and reducing harmful environmental consequences. The circular forestry model requires government action to overcome institutional, economic and political barriers.
Adaptive milling of solid wood furniture workpieces: analysis of the extended approach capabilities
Authors: Starikov A , Gribanov A , Lapshina M , Mohammed H 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
An extended approach to improve adaptive milling of solid wood workpieces is described. It is based on the joint usage of two physically different methods: non-contact ultrasonic scanning of the workpiece body and optical recognition of the wood fibers direction on the workpiece surface. To implement the proposed approach, it is necessary to change the existing technological route of furniture workpieces processing. A stage before the milling operation should be included. This stage involves the sequential execution of ultrasonic scanning, computer processing, and optical recognition of the obtained data. It allows us to determine the wood density, the internal defects localization, and the direction of wood fibers. Computer processing involves the usage of a virtual orthogonal grid. This grid covers the workpiece surface, on which the trajectory of the milling cutter is projected. The projection of the milling path is represented by the set of cells. It defines the local processing area. The gathered information about the wood properties is suggested to use for the adaptive selection of the important equipment technological parameters, such as the feed rate and the cutter rotation frequency. Varying of these parameters values and considering the physicomechanical properties of wood at the processing area allow us to improve the milling quality.
Estimated parameters of species participation in recreation (Voronezh, Russia)
Authors: Degtyareva S , Dorofeeva V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A series of sample plots have been laid to study the influence of recreational load in general and in grassy ground cover in Central Park of Culture and Leisure of Voronezh, Arboretum of Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G F Morozov. We used qualitative (structural biodiversity) and quantitative (relative projective cover, abundance and constancy) estimation parameters as indicators of the species’ participation in the formation of plant associations using two urban ecosystems as an example. The aforementioned arboretum and park belong to the forest-park part of the city green zone. Tracing of flora synanthropization is very important here. Species abundance is generally higher in the arboretum (226 species), but grass cover is not numerous (31 species) due to timely economic activities. By quantitative parameters, on the contrary, grasses of broad-leaved forests prevail in the grassy cover of the Park: ashweed (Aegopodium podagraria L.) with projective cover (40-44.6%) and sedge (Carex pilosa Scop.) - 19.8% -29.6 % (1-2 stages of recreation, respectively). The class of abundance of these dominant species raises to 3 (1-2 for other species). The analysis of the constancy class, on the contrary, has not revealed clear species attachment to certain test plots.
Aspects of modeling the main production processes of wood enterprises
Authors: Oleinik E B , Popov E V , Rogulin R S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article describes the main production processes at forest industry enterprises. The container has free space for the process of goods delivery, which enables customs inspection with partial unloading of goods. This enables to have enough time to inspect the container. It is believed that the costs associated with carriers are increasing. The ratio of free and occupied space when loading a container is not obvious. Two approaches to process modeling have been considered. The methods and algorithms for transport processes simulating have been presented. A solution to the problems of optimal container loading during customs control has been proposed. A simulation model of roundwood transportation across the borders has been implemented, which enables to determine the optimal loading volume of containers in order to minimize the time for customs clearance. The proposed option of partial loading reduces the time of customs inspection, which significantly reduces the costs associated with transportation of timber products, as well as the risk of customer refusal from the products delivered out of schedule.
Histological changes in the structure of one-year sprouts of Pinus sylvestris L. as a reflection of the structural adaptation of the species during its introduction
Authors: Galdina T , Khazova E 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Comparative anatomical studies of one-year sprouts Pinus sylvestris L. made it possible to obtain data on the features of vegetative organ formation, histological changes and the persistence of structural features by the influence of environmental factors. It is noted that the parameters of histological structure and cytological indexes of one-year sprouts are strongly influenced by the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) of growing conditions. The structure of the one-year sprouts of Pinus sylvestris L., growing in sufficient humidification (HTC=1.6) conditions, is characterized by the greatest thickness of cortex, phloem and xylem, the largest radius of pith, the maximum diameter of resin canals, while having the smallest size of external protective tissues. Histological studies of the geographical cultures of Pinus sylvestris L. of the central forest-steppe revealed, that being in the same growth conditions, the anatomical structure of one-year sprouts significantly changes. Histological and cytological indexes of the anatomical structure of the one-year sprouts of Pinus sylvestris L. populations from the dry steppe increase by 33%, from the broad-leaved forest zone decrease to 30%. Thus, structural adaptation of the assimilation apparatus to new growing conditions occurs, which determines in general the productivity and stability of the woodlands of Pinus sylvestris L.
Willow communities, optimal absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
Authors: Gorobets A , Silva M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
High biological productivity of willow communities contributes to the effective performance of carbon dioxide absorption in photosynthesis. In natural communities, shrub willows hectareve a better effect on carbon dioxide balance: the amount of absorbed gas significantly exceeds its emission. Deciduous willows are able to fulfill the same condition, but only when grown in plantations. For the effective absorption of carbon dioxide, willow communities should meet the following parameters depending on the soil conditions. A one-year phytomass growth of axial shoots (in terms of absolutely dry matter) should be more thectaren 3.11 tons⋅hectare−1⋅year−1 on rich soils. This condition is fully met by the Salix dasyclados and S. viminalis communities. When growing on poor soils, annual phytomass growth of axial shoots of more thectaren 0.93 tons⋅hectare−1⋅year−1 is sufficient, which is noted in the communities of S. purpurea. The annual increase in phytomass of axial shoots should be more 2.48 tons⋅hectare−1⋅year−1 when growing on swampy soils. S. dasyclados and S. viminalis are the most suitable for plantation cultivation. These willow species perform the raw material function in the most effective way and, along with this, absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in the greatest amount.
The impact of changes in climatic conditions on the dynamics of the phenology of species of nuts of the genus Juglans in the Voronezh region (Russia)
Authors: Slavskiy V , Horbachenko S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Taking into account the emerging trend towards temperature increase in the region of the research in recent years, introduction and cultivation of genus Juglans in the Voronezh region is a pressing issue. The studied the dynamics of phenological phases 5 the most promising for the cultivating species of nuts (Juglans regia L., Juglans manshurica Max., Juglans nigra L., Juglans cinerea L. and Juglans cordiformis Max.), which are the most promising for the cultivating. Has been identified a significant increase in air temperature over the past 30 years. A close correlation between the temperature indicators and the dynamics of phenological phases is established (primarily occurring in the spring). With an increase in average annual air temperature by 1 °C and remaining unchanged humidity indicators, the duration of the growing season increases by an average of 4 days. Keeping in mind the emerging tendency of climate change, the cultivation of heat-loving southern forms of Juglans nuts in the Voronezh region will constantly increase.
Density formation along the trunk radius in various wood species based on latitudinal or altitudinal zoning
Authors: Kiseleva A V , Snegireva S N , Platonov A D , Pinchevska O A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Wood is a material characterized by anisotropy of structure and variability of properties in the tree trunk. The indicators of wood properties can be predicted by the density value. Wood density formation in a tree trunk is influenced by many factors. The most important are: age changes, the position in the trunk and the impact of the environment. The purpose of this study is to establish the regularity of wood density formation along the trunk radius. Regularity is based on growing conditions and latitude zoning for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and altitude zoning for European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.). The studies have been performed on cores including wood sections from bark to core obtained using coring instrument. Density of each annual layer by measuring buoyancy force of specimens immersed in a liquid was determined. The formation features and periods of the maximum density of pine and chestnut wood along the trunk radius were established based on latitudinal and altitudinal zoning of wood in the temperate continental climate of the European part of Russia.
The role of energy potential in the mass transfer of moisture in the capillaries of woody plants
Authors: Korablev R A , Belocurov V P , Busarin E N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Theoretical and experimental studies of the growth and development of tree and shrub vegetation are determined by sorption characteristics, which depend on the moisture content in capillary-porous materials of phytomass stands. Thermodynamic parameters of mass transfer and their gradients are of fundamental importance. The purpose of this theoretical study was to solve a scientific problem on the development of theoretical foundations for mathematical modeling of mass transfer of moisture and nutrients in the vascular system of growing wood material, taking into account the energy potential. The research provides a theoretical justification and consideration of the thermodynamics of moisture mass transfer in the capillaries of wood materials. Based on the study of thermodynamic driving forces in capillary-porous growing wood bodies, it is established that the mass transfer potential is the chemical potential, which in the vascular system of wood and bast depends on free and chemically-bound moisture. The equations of filtration effect of moisture and moisture gradients on the mass transfer of moisture in capillary-growing wood materials, given the thermodynamic potential in non-isothermal conditions for wood phytomass, depending on the rate of change of thermodynamic potentials.
Mechanization of coniferous seeds grading in Russia: a selected literature analysis
Authors: Novikov A I , Ersson B T , Malyshev V V , Petrishchev E P , Ilunina A A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The review is intended for international readers or those unable to read Russian. The review is based on long-term research of the affiliated University and search in Russian-language databases. Currently, there is a large number of sites in the Russian forests that need to be restored. Mechanization of grading seeds in Russia has more than half a century of history. The results of retrospective analysis show that the choice of the sorting method depends on the seed characteristics and the level of achieved technologies in equipment design. The prospects for the use of optoelectronic and mechatronic devices for such purposes are due to low costs and negative impact compared to the use of grid and trier. The research materials will allow planning new experiments to find a reliable protocol for testing and preparing coniferous seeds, depending on the method of further seeding or storage. The study will allow to correct plant propagation protocols for sustainable forest management. However, many questions remained unresolved: what types of grader and pelleting apparatus to use, what wavelength range is best used to identify viable seeds?
Combined physical modification of polymer adhesives used in woodworking
Authors: Popov V , Latynin A , Tinkov A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
There is a shortage of valuable wood species in the world. One of the easiest and affordable ways to replace is to create glued products from scarce wood species by gluing oversized blanks. Products made of glued blanks are not inferior to the products made of solid wood in quality and properties. These products have the properties of rare wood species. However, growing demand on the quality of glued products constantly challenge technologists to increase the strength of adhesive joints. This problem can be solved in several ways: development of new bonding technologies, creation of special adhesives for a specific task and modification of known adhesives. The aim of the research is to increase the adhesive strength of wood due to decrease of adhesive viscosity and decrease in wetting angle. It is achieved due to directional effects of combined physical field to resin. Urea-formaldehyde resin and oak wood specimens have been considered as the object of the research. As a result of the resin modification, strength of the adhesive joint along the fibers increased by 2 times (196%), while the values of the viscosity and wetting edge angle were reduced by 62% and 82%, respectively.
Improving the reliability of chainsaws based on alignment of reliability of component links
Authors: Volkov V S , Kastyrin D Ju 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A method is proposed for calculating the reliability of components of a chainsaw and its construction as a whole based on a passive experiment to collect information about the failures of components and cases of inoperable condition. The design of a gasoline saw is considered as a mechanical system with sequential connection of elements, when the failure of one element causes the failure of the entire structure as a whole. The proposed calculation method can be used for the modernization and design of such structures in order to increase the failure time of low-reliability units and equalize the reliability indicators of all components of the chainsaw. It was found that the least reliable node of the MP-5 chainsaw is the ignition system with an average time to failure of 114 hours. At the same time, the most reliable element of a chainsaw is its frame, the average time to failure of which is 264 motor hours. The average time to failure of the remaining chainsaw links for a period of 300 hours is in the range of 20 to 80 hours.
Justification of the possibility of cooking eggs without water in an ultra-high frequency electromagnetic field
Authors: Novikova G , Orlova O , Mikhailova O , Prosviryakova M , Zaitsev P 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Rejected hatching eggs after ovoscoping can be used as protein feed for chickens after they have been heat-treated by exposure to an ultra-high frequency electromagnetic field. In this regard, the dielectric and physical-mechanical parameters of the components of a chicken egg are analyzed, the heat treatment modes and structural designs of resonators of ultra-high-frequency continuous-flow installations are justified. Studies show that the yolk is endogenously heated two to three times faster than the protein, which is coagulated mainly by heat transfer from the yolk. This is due to the mass difference and the dielectric loss factor of the egg components. Unconventional resonators have been developed that allow controlling the heating rate of raw material components not only by smoothly regulating the generator power. In a quasi-toroidal resonator, this is done by changing the capacitance in the capacitor part; in mobile hemispherical resonators that provide a downhole technological process of less than 0.5 due to the resonant beam electrodynamic system-by changing the speed of movement of the hemispheres; in a biconic resonator - by changing the downhole process.