bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with work-private life conflict and leadership qualities among line managers of health professionals in Swiss acute and rehabilitation hospitals – a cross-sectional study
Authors: Peter Karin Anne , Halfens Ruud JG , Hahn Sabine , Schols Jos MGA 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The workforce shortage of health professionals is a matter of global concern. Among possible causative factors in this shortage are work-private life conflicts related to increased stress and burnout symptoms, job dissatisfaction and a higher intention to leave the profession prematurely. Also, poor leadership qualities among direct line managers (e.g. clinic directors, leading physicians, ward managers, team leaders) have been associated with health professionals’ job dissatisfaction and intention to leave in previous studies. Therefore, this study aimed to identify key associated factors of work-private life conflicts and managerial leadership quality among health professionals.Methods: The study is based on a cross-sectional survey in 26 Swiss acute and rehabilitation hospitals, consisting of 3398 health professionals from various disciplines. For data analysis, multilevel models (with hospitals as the second level variable) were performed for ‘work-private life conflict’ and ‘quality of leadership’, considering significant main effects (using AIC) and significant interactions (using BIC) of potential explanatory variables.Results: The main findings reveal that the compatibility of health professionals’ work and private life is associated with topics of shift planning, in particular workers’ influence on shift planning (possibility of exchanging shifts, B=-2.87, p<0.01), the extent to which their individual preferences are considered (e.g. working on one specific shift only, B=6.31, p<0.01), number of shifts per weekend (B=1.38, p<0.01) and number of hours per week (B=0.13, p<0.01) that they had to work. In addition, high quantitative demands (B=0.25, p<0.01), being required to hide their emotions (B=0.16, p<0.01) and poor social community support at work (B=-0.12, p<0.01) were also related to severe work-private life conflict. Regarding managerial leadership, health professionals perceived the leadership qualities of their direct line manager as being better if they received more social support (B=0.61, p<0.01) and rewards (B=0.41, p<0.01) at work. Conclusions: The results show key components of improving the compatibility of work and private life as well as managerial leadership qualities among health professionals and may help health care leaders working in acute or rehabilitation hospitals to develop appropriate interventions.
Quality of Life and its Related Factors in Women with Substance Use Disorders Referring to Substance Abuse Treatment Centers
Authors: Barati Majid , Bandehelahi Khadijeh , Nopasandasil Tahereh , Jormand Hanieh , Keshavarzi Amir 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Substance-Related Disorders are among the most common social problems caused by using legal and illegal substances. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the quality of life (QoL) and its related factors among women with substance use disorders referring to substance abuse treatment centers in Hamadan, west of Iran.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 120 Iranian female substance users recruited through the census sampling method in 2018. Data collection tools consisted of demographic characteristics and QoL assessment (SF-36). Data were analyzed using SPSS-16 via one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi-square tests.Results: The mean age of the participants was 33.2±12.1 years and the mean score of their total QoL was 35.35±13.5. The results of multiple linear regression analysis indicated that using methamphetamine (β=-6.62) was the predictor of QoL in women. Moreover, there was a significant association between QoL and age (p <0.001), educational level (p = 0.011), and age at first use (p <0.001).Conclusion: According to the results, the participants’ QoL was found to be at an unsatisfactory level. So, it is essential to implement educational help-seeking behavior for treatment and effectiveness educational, as well as holding mental health intervention, school-based substance abuse prevention, and harm reduction programs of substance use. This is especially important in adolescents, young, low-educated, early drug use, and methamphetamine user women, as it may increase the QoL
Active constituents of Zanthoxylum nitidum from Yunnan Province against leukemia cells in vitro
Authors: Deng Ying , Ding Tongtong , Deng Lulu , Hao Xiaojiang , Mu Shu Zhen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Zanthoxylum nitidium (Roxb.) DC (Rutaceae) is well known for inhibiting the proliferation of human gastric, liver, kidney and lung cancer cells, though research on its potential use in treating leukaemia is relatively rare. Twenty-six compounds were isolated from the chloroform and petroleum ether extracts of the roots and leaves of Z. nitidium (Zanthoxylum nitidium). They were (+)-9′-O-transferuloyl-5, 5′-dimethoxylaricriresinol (1), 8-(3′-oxobut-1′-en-1′-yl)-5, 7-dimethoxy-coumarin (2), 5, 7, 8-trimethoxy-coumarin (3), 5-(3′, 3′-dimethyl-2′-butenyloxy)-7, 8-dimethoxy-coumarin (4), 2-(5-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl) methyl acetate (5), 2′-(5, 6-dihydrochleletrythrine-6-yl) ethyl acetate (6), 6-acetonyldi-hydrochelerythrine (7), 6β-hydroxymethyldihydronitidine (8), bocconoline (9), zanthoxyline (10), O-methylzanthoxyline (11), rhoifoline B (12), N-nornitidine (13), nitidine (14), chelerythrine (15), 4-hydroxyl-7,8-dimethoxy-furoquinoline (16), dictamnine (17), γ-fagarine (18), skimmianine (19), robustine (20), R-(+)-platydesmine (21), 4-methoxyl-1-methyl-2-quinoline (22), 4-methoxy-2-quinolone (23), liriodenine (24), aurantiamide acetate (25), 10-O-demethyl-12-O-methylarnottianamide (26). Four among them, compounds 4-6 and 16, were first confirmed in this study by UV, IR, 1D, 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS spectra. Compounds 1-2 and 11 were isolated from Z. nitidium for the first time. Of the assayed compounds, 1, 2, 9, 10, 14, 15 and 24, exhibited good inhibitory activities in the leukaemia cell line HEL, whereas compound 14 (IC50: 3.59 µM) and compound 24 (IC50: 15.95 µM) exhibited potent inhibitory activities. So, to further investigate the possible mechanisms, cell cycle and apoptosis assays were performed, which indicated that compound 14 causes obvious S-phase arrest in HEL cells and induced apoptosis, whereas compound 24 only induced apoptosis. The present results suggested both compounds 14 and 24 are promising potential anti-leukaemia drug candidates.
A novel tumour-on-chip microfluidic platform advances assessment of drug pharmacokinetics and treatment response
Authors: Petreus Tudor , Cadogan Elaine , Hughes Gareth , Smith Aaron , Reddy Venkatesh , Lau Alan , O'Connor Mark , Critchlow Susan , Ashford Marianne , O'Connor Lenka Oplustil 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Microphysiological in vitro systems are platforms for preclinical evaluation of drug effects and significant advances have been made in recent years. However, existing microfluidic devices are not yet able to deliver compounds to cell models in a way that reproduces the real physiological drug exposure. Here, we introduce a novel tumour-on-chip microfluidic system that mimics the pharmacokinetic profile of compounds on 3D tumour spheroids to evaluate their response to the treatments. We used this platform to test the response of SW620 colorectal cancer spheroids to irinotecan (SN38) alone and in combination with the ATM inhibitor AZD0156, using concentrations mimicking mouse plasma exposure profiles of both agents. We explored spheroid volume and viability as a measure of cancer cells response and changes in mechanistically relevant pharmacodynamic biomarkers (γH2AX, cleaved-caspase 3 and Ki67). We demonstrate here that our microfluidic tumour-on-chip platform can successfully predict the efficacy from in vivo studies and therefore represents an innovative tool to guide drug dose and schedules for optimal efficacy and pharmacodynamic assessment, while reducing the need for animal studies.
Bioinformatics analysis of expression profiling by high throughput sequencing for identification of potential key genes among SARS-CoV-2/COVID 19
Authors: Vastrad Basavaraj Mallikarjunayya , Vastrad Chanabasayya Mallikarjunayya 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is pandemic recently emerged and is rapidly spreading in humans. However, the precise molecular mechanisms of the advancement and progression of SARS-CoV-2 infection remain unclear. The current investigation attempted to identify and functionally analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between SARS-CoV-2 infection and mock by using comprehensive bioinformatics analyses. The GSE148729 expression profiling by high throughput sequencing was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and analyzed using the limma package in R software to identify DEGs. Pathway and gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of the up and down regulated genes were performed in ToppGene. The HIPPIE database was used to evaluate the interactions of up and down regulated genes and to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network using Cytoscape software. Hub genes were selected using the Network Analyzer plugin. Subsequently, extensive target prediction and network analyses methods were used to assess, target gene - miRNA regulatory network and target gene - TF regulatory network. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was utilized for validation. A total of 928 DEGs (461 up regulated genes and 467 down regulated genes) were identified between SARS-CoV-2 infection and mock samples. The Pathway enrichment analysis results showed that these up and down regulated genes were significantly enriched in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and ascorbate and aldarate metabolism. Several significant GO terms, including the response to biotic stimulus and oxoacid metabolic process, were identified as being closely associated with these up and down regulated genes. The top hub genes and target genes were screened and included JUN, FBXO6, PCLAF, CFTR, TXNIP, PMAIP1, BRI3BP, FAHD1, PROX1, CXCL11, SERHL2 and CFI. ROC curve analysis showed that messenger RNA levels of these ten genes (DDX58, IFITM2, IRF1, PML, SAMHD1, ACSS1, CYP2U1, DDC, PNMT and UGT2A3) exhibited better diagnostic efficiency for SARS-CoV-2 infection and mock. The current investigation identified a series of key genes and pathways that may be involved in the progression of SARS-CoV-2 infection, providing a new understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Immune cell topography predicts response to PD-1 blockade in cutaneous T cell lymphoma
Authors: Nolan Garry , Phillips Darci , Matusiak Magdalena , Gutierrez Belén , Bhate Salil , Barlow Graham , Jiang Sizun , Demeter Janos , Smythe Kimberly , Pierce Robert , Fling Steven , Ramchurren Nirasha , Cheever Martin , Goltsev Yury , West Robert , Khodadoust Michael , Kim Youn , Schürch Christian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Anti-PD-1 immunotherapies have transformed cancer treatment, yet the determinants of clinical response are largely unknown. We performed CODEX multiplexed tissue imaging and RNA sequencing on 70 tumor regions from 14 advanced cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) patients enrolled in a clinical trial of pembrolizumab therapy. Clinical response was not associated with the frequency of tumor-infiltrating T cell subsets, but rather with striking differences in the spatial organization and functional immune state of the tumor microenvironment (TME). After treatment, pembrolizumab responders had a localized enrichment of tumor and CD4+ T cells, which coincided with immune activation and cytotoxic PD-1+ CD4+ T cells. In contrast, non-responders had a localized enrichment of Tregs pre- and post-treatment, consistent with a persistently immunosuppressed TME and exhausted PD-1+ CD4+ T cells. Integrating these findings by computing the physical distances between PD-1+ CD4+ T cells, tumor cells, and Tregs revealed a spatial biomarker predictive of pembrolizumab response. Finally, the chemokine CXCL13 was upregulated in tumor cells in responders post-treatment, suggesting that chemoattraction of PD-1+ CD4+ T cells towards tumor cells facilitates a positive outcome. Together, these data show that T cell topography reflects the balance of effector and suppressive activity within the TME and predicts clinical response to PD-1 blockade in CTCL.
Petabyte-Scale Multi-Morphometry of Single Neurons for Whole Brains
Authors: Jiang Shengdian , Wang Yimin , Liu Lijuan , Zhao Sujun , Chen Mengya , Zhao Xuan , Xie Peng , Ding Liya , Ruan Zongcai , Dong Hongwei , Ascoli Giorgio , Hawrylycz Michael , Zeng Hongkui , Peng Hanchuan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Recent advances in brain imaging allow producing large amounts of 3-D volumetric data from which morphometry data is reconstructed and measured. Fine detailed structural morphometry of individual neurons, including somata, dendrites, axons, and synaptic connectivity based on digitally reconstructed neurons, is essential for cataloging neuron types and their connectivity. To produce quality morphometry at large scale, it is highly desirable but extremely challenging to efficiently handle petabyte-scale high-resolution whole brain imaging database. Here, we developed MorphoHub to address this challenge by optimizing both the data and workflow management. In particular, this work presents a multi-level method to produce high quality somatic, dendritic, axonal, and potential synaptic morphometry. Our method also boosts data sharing and remote collaborative validation. We applied MorphoHub to a petabyte application dataset involving 62 whole mouse brains, and identified 50,233 somata of individual neurons, profiled the dendrites of 11,322 neurons, reconstructed the full 3-D morphology of 1,050 neurons including their dendrites and full axons, and detected 1.9 million putative synaptic sites derived from axonal boutons. Analysis and simulation of these data indicate the promise of this approach for modern large-scale morphology applications.
Mealtime Caregiving Approaches and Behavioral Symptoms in Persons Living With Dementia: A Longitudinal, Observational Study
Authors: Lee Ji Yeon , Lee Kyung Hee , McConnell Eleanor 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Behavioral symptoms during mealtime can prohibit persons living with dementia from obtaining sufficient nutrition. However, little research has examined the relationship between behavioral symptoms and caregiving approaches. This study examines this relationship and further explores which specific caregiver behaviors were related to behavioral symptoms among persons living with dementia. Methods: A secondary data analysis was performed using 86 mealtime videos from a longitudinal, observational study. The videos were repeatedly taken at months 0, 3, and 6 with 30 persons living with dementia in one of four long-term care facilities. Video coding was performed using coding schemes modified from the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory for behavioral symptoms and the Person-/Task-Centered Behavior Inventory for caregiving approaches. Coding schemes for behavioral symptoms consisted of four categories: total duration, aggressive behavior, physically nonaggressive behavior, and verbally agitated behavior. Caregiving approaches consisted of ten-verbal/seven-nonverbal person-centered behavior codes, four-verbal/four-nonverbal task-centered behavior codes, and no-verbal/no-nonverbal interaction codes. A mixed-effect model was conducted using variables such as demographics, medical information, cognitive status, depression, function, and caregiving approaches as fixed effects, participant as a random effect, and four categories of behavioral symptoms as dependent variables. Results: The total duration of the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory was associated with no verbal response (β = 9.09) and task-centered verbal behavior (β = 8.43), specifically verbal controlling (β = 7.87). Physically nonaggressive behavior was associated with no verbal response (β = 9.36). Verbally agitated behavior was associated with task-centered nonverbal behavior (β = 51.29), and specifically inappropriate touch (β = 59.05). Conclusions: Mealtime is indispensable to dementia care, but best practices for mealtime have not been suggested when behavioral symptoms are present. Our findings revealed caregivers’ task-centered behaviors and no interaction were related to behavioral symptoms of persons living with dementia. When caregivers encounter behavioral symptoms during mealtime, it is recommended to avoid no response and task-centered behaviors, especially verbal controlling and inappropriate touch, and to promote person-centered behaviors.
Serum Albumin Levels as a Predictive Biomarker for Low-Load Resistance Training Programs’ Effects on Muscle Thickness in the Community-Dwelling Elderly Japanese Population: Results From the Interventional Study
Authors: Sawada Shuji , Ozaki Hayao , Natsume Toshiharu , Nakano Daiki , Deng Pengyu , Yoshihara Toshinori , Osawa Takuya , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Machida Shuichi , Naito Hisashi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Resistance training has been recommended as an effective measure against age-related loss of muscle mass and muscle strength, called sarcopenia, even in older adults. However, despite subjecting each participant to the same training program, the training effect solely depended on the individual. This study aimed to evaluate whether certain blood parameters influenced the effect of a low-load resistance training program on muscle thickness in the community-dwelling elderly population.Methods Sixty-nine community-dwelling Japanese (49 women and 20 men) subjects aged 69.4±6.5 years were included. Low-load resistance training was performed twice a week for 12 weeks. Muscle thickness at the anterior aspects of the thigh (AT) was measured using a B-mode ultrasound device, and 22 blood parameter levels were assessed before and after the program. We checked the first quartile value of each parameter to establish cutoff values, and participants were divided into low or normal groups for each parameter.Results A low-load resistance training program significantly increased muscle thickness at the AT. The interaction between time and groups was examined at low (<4.1 g/dL) versus normal (≥4.1 g/dL) serum albumin (Alb) levels. Although there was no difference in muscle thickness at the AT before the training intervention, the hypertrophic effects were higher in the normal serum Alb level group than in the low serum Alb level group. The binomial logistic regression analysis showed that participants in the low serum Alb group had an odds ratio of 7.08 for decreased muscle thickness at the AT. The effect of a low-load resistance training program on lower limb muscle thickness appears to be limited in participants with low serum Alb levels before training interventions.Conclusions Serum Alb level may act as a biomarker to predict the effects of low-load resistance training programs on muscle hypertrophy in elderly individuals.Trial registration This study was retrospectively registered in UMIN-Clinical Trial Registry (CTR), ID: UMIN000042759. Date of registration: 14/12/2020.
Th Cytokine Profile in Childhood-Onset&nbsp;Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Quan Wei , An Jingnan , Li Gang , Qian Guanghui , Jin Meifang , Feng Chenxi , Li Si , Li Xiaozhong , Xu Yunyun , Hu Xiaohan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) is a kind of chronic inflammatory disease characterized by a highly abnormal immune system. This study aimed to detect expression of the Th cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IFN-γ and TNF-α in the peripheral blood of children with cSLE; clinical symptoms; and a disease index and discuss the relationship between the Th cell cytokine regulatory network and onset of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in children and disease outcome.Methods: A total of 33 children with cSLE and 30 healthy children were enrolled in this study. Children in the cSLE group were classified into the inactive cSLE group or active cSLE group according to their SLE disease activity index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K). Th cytokine profiles in peripheral blood of different groups were detected and analyzed.Results: The levels of IL-2, IL-10 and IL-21 in the cSLE group were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group (P < 0.05, P<0.01 and P<0.01, respectively). The expression of IL-2, IL-10 and IL-21 in the active cSLE group was significantly higher than that in the healthy control group (P<0.05, P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively), but IL-22 expression was remarkably lower in the active cSLE group than in the healthy control group (P<0.001). IL-21 in the inactive SLE group was significantly higher than that in the healthy control group (P<0.05). The levels of IL-2 and IL-10 in the active cSLE group were significantly higher than those in the inactive cSLE group (P<0.01 and P<0.05). In-depth analysis showed that the expression levels of IL-2 (r=0.382, P=0.028), IL-6 (r=0.514, P=0.002) and IL-10 (r=0.429, P=0.016) were positively correlated with disease activity. Conclusion: This study provides a theoretical basis for the discovery of effective methods to regulate imbalance in T lymphocyte subsets in cSLE, which may open up potential new approaches for the diagnosis of cSLE.
Bayesian Spatial Modeling of Anemia among children under 5 years in Guinea
Authors: Barry Thierno Souleymane , Ngesa Oscar , Onyango Nelson Owuor , Mwambi Henry 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Bacground: Anemia is a major public health problem in Africa with an increasing number of children under 5years getting infected. Guinea is one of the most affected countries. In 2018, the prevalence rate was 75% inchildren under 5 years. This study sought to identify the factors associated with anemia and to map spatialvariation of anemia across the eight (8) regions in Guinea for children under 5 years, which can provideguidance for control programs for the reduction of the disease.Methods: Data from the Guinea Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS5) 2016 was used for this study. Atotal of 2609 children under 5 years who had full covariate information were used in the analysis. Spatialbinomial logistic regression methodology was undertaken via Bayesian estimation based on Markov chainMonte Carlo (McMC) using WinBUGS software version 1.4. Results: Our findings revealed that 77% of children under 5 years in Guinea had anemia and the prevalence inthe regions ranged from 70.32% (Conakry) to 83.60% (N’Zerekore) across the country. After adjusting for nonspatial and spatial random effects in the model, older children (48–59 months) (OR: 0.47, CI [0.29 0.70]) were less likely to be anemic compared to those who are younger (0-11 months). Children whose mothers havecompleted secondary education or more had a reduced chance of anemia infection by 33% (OR: 0.67, CI [0.490.90]) and Children from household heads from Kissi ethnic group are less likely to have anemia than theircounterparts whose leader is from Soussou (OR: 0.48, CI [0.22 0.91]). Conclusion: The spatial analysis allowed the identification of high-risk areas as well as the identification ofsocio-economic and demographic factors associated with anemia among children under 5 years. Such ananalysis is important in helping policy makers and health practitioners in developing programs geared towardscontrol and management of anemia among children under 5 years in the country.