bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moisture migration analysis of Chinese naked oat during different storage conditions by sorption isotherm model and low‐field NMR
Authors: Cao Lifang , Li Bowen , Zhao Nan , Li Huan , Wang Yanfeng , Yu Xing , Huang Xin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMoisture migration is considered to be one of the most important influencer on crop quality during storage, which is easily affected by storage conditions, such as ambient humidity and temperature. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of storage condition on moisture content of Chinese naked oat by simulating 9 equilibrium relative humidity (ERH) and 5 temperatures. The equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of dry sample was achieved by adsorption, while EMC of wet one was achieved by desorption. EMC of oat increased with the increase in ERH and decreased when temperature increased. The sorption isotherm was a typical “S” shape and fitted using current EMC/ERH models. Modified Chung–Pfost (MCPE) model was the most suitable for describing the dynamic sorption process of Chinese naked oat during storage with a ERH range from 10% to 90%. There was an obvious hysteresis between adsorption and desorption isotherms, whose range decreased with the increase of temperature. High temperature accelerated moisture migration by increasing the hydrophilicity of oat surface. Moreover, dynamic moisture migration was imaged by low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), showing that moisture migrated between ambient environment and oat mainly through endosperm where most moisture accumulated. During sorption, free water migrated firstly, followed by bound water and the change in content of bound water was more stable than that of free water. The results of this study can provide a useful information for future work on quality control of oat during storage.
High Hopes for “Deep Medicine”? AI, Economics, and the Future of Care
Authors: Sparrow Robert , Hatherley Joshua 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the much‐celebrated book Deep Medicine, Eric Topol argues that the development of artificial intelligence for health care will lead to a dramatic shift in the culture and practice of medicine. In the next several decades, he suggests, AI will become sophisticated enough that many of the everyday tasks of physicians could be delegated to it. Topol is perhaps the most articulate advocate of the benefits of AI in medicine, but he is hardly alone in spruiking its potential to allow physicians to dedicate more of their time and attention to providing empathetic care for their patients in the future. Unfortunately, several factors suggest a radically different picture for the future of health care. Far from facilitating a return to a time of closer doctor‐patient relationships, the use of medical AI seems likely to further erode therapeutic relationships and threaten professional and patient satisfaction.
Trust in American Medicine: A Call to Action for Health Care Professionals
Authors: Mohottige Dinushika , Boulware L. Ebony 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMedical mistrust has a well‐documented harmful impact on a range of patients’ health behaviors and outcomes. It can have such egregious downstream effects on so many aspects of medicine—from clinical trial participation to health care use, timely screening, organ donation, and treatment adherence—that it is sometimes described as one of the social determinants of health. In the article “Trust, Risk, and Race in American Medicine,” Laura Specker Sullivan makes the compelling case that trust is essential to building a therapeutic alliance in which effective, high‐quality health care can be delivered and received. As a complement to her suggestion that health care providers take an active role in mitigating mistrust by demonstrating “not only their capacity to be honest and forthright but also their ability to respond to the potential truster's needs,” we recommend that key health care professionals commit to five actions.
Earning Patient Trust: More Than a Question of Signaling
Authors: Elbaum Alan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLaura Specker Sullivan's article “Trust, Risk, and Race in American Medicine” is a philosophically grounded and highly practical call for medical professionals to take on the task of comprehending the sources of patients’ mistrust. This is not only a clinical competence but also a moral obligation, in particular, when mistrust is warranted—as with African American patients who rely on medical institutions that have breached and continue to breach the trust of their communities. While Specker Sullivan focuses on how clinicians can signal comprehension once it has already been attained, I wish to step back and examine the nature of the efforts to gain knowledge. The effort to comprehend requires, at a minimum, the following actions: educating oneself about medical racism, examining one's implicit biases, and engaging, with empathic curiosity, with the patient or family members in the clinical encounter at hand.
Two cases of oligometastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer detected by diffusion‐weighted whole‐body imaging with background body signal suppression
Authors: Shimizu Yuki , Nakajima Nobuyuki , Nagao Kentaro , Nitta Masahiro , Hasegawa Masanori , Kawamura Yoshiaki , Kazama Toshiki , Shoji Sunao , Takahara Taro , Miyajima Akira 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionTreatment for oligometastasis in prostate cancer has changed from systemic therapy to metastatic lesion‐targeted therapy. Early detection of metastatic lesions and assessment of the treatment response have become very important. Therefore, we started to perfume assessments with whole‐body magnetic resonance imaging, especially diffusion‐weighted imaging with background body signal suppression, as a modality to detect metastasis in patients with prostate cancer.Case presentationWe encountered two cases of castration‐resistant prostate cancer in which oligometastasis was detected by diffusion‐weighted imaging with background body signal suppression. Metastasis‐directed therapy was initiated for to treat the lesions in each case. The treatment was effective for disease control and symptom relief. Diffusion‐weighted imaging with background body signal suppression could detect new lesions at an early phase and delineate changes in lesions immediately after therapy.ConclusionDiffusion‐weighted imaging with background body signal suppression enables early decision‐making for metastasis‐directed therapy compared with conventional imaging modalities. Further, metastasis‐directed therapy targeting oligometastatic lesions detected by diffusion‐weighted imaging with background body signal suppression may improve patients’ overall survival and quality of life.
Field studies of pollutant removal from nursery and greenhouse runoff by constructed wetlands
Authors: McMaine John T. , Vogel Jason R. , Belden Jason B. , Schnelle Mike A. , Morrison Shane A. , Brown Glenn O. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPlant nursery runoff commonly contains pesticides and nutrients that often threaten aquatic ecosystems. Constructed wetlands could be a tool to remove pesticides and nutrients from nursery runoff but have not been extensively studied in this setting. Two field‐scale constructed wetlands (one subsurface‐flow constructed wetland [SFCW] and one free‐surface constructed wetland [FSCW]) were implemented and monitored for water quality improvement. The SFCW demonstrated significant mass reduction of 78% or greater for nitrate, orthophosphate, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total suspended solids. The SFCW also demonstrated significant mass reduction of 79% or greater for 10 of the 12 pesticide compounds detected in over half of the collected samples. The FSCW demonstrated significant mass reduction of 46% or greater for all nonpesticide analytes except total nitrogen. Loading rate and actual storage volume compared with inflow volume likely affected performance. Reduced size and increased loading rate of the FSCW likely reduced its ability to effectively reduce pesticides. Results from this study indicate that constructed wetlands are likely an effective tool for nursery runoff management. When designing and implementing constructed wetlands, it is important for practitioners to consider the tradeoff between system size (additional cost and land otherwise dedicated to production) and performance.
Wind waves in the Adriatic Sea under a severe climate change scenario and implications for the coasts
Authors: Bonaldo Davide , Bucchignani Edoardo , Pomaro Angela , Ricchi Antonio , Sclavo Mauro , Carniel Sandro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWave climate projections at global scales are often of little direct use for local or regional coastal applications, where bathymetric gradients and coastal geometry dominate onshore wave propagation and transformation. In such systems, and even more in the case of semi‐enclosed basins where coastal orography can play a major role in wind modulation, wave climate assessments require a specific effort, with particularly strict prescriptions in terms of model resolution and quality of the wind forcing. In this work, we provide a numerical modelling estimate of the expected variations of wave regime in the Adriatic Sea (a semi‐enclosed basin of the Mediterranean Sea) under an IPCC RCP 8.5 climate change scenario at the end of the current century, focusing on the implications for energy modulation in the coastal regions. Results tend to confirm the evolution towards an overall decrease of wave storminess in the basin, as suggested by previous studies, but show that some regions might experience a local increase in the severity of the sea states impacting the coast. The model resolution and the unprecedented directional skills of the climatological wind forcings allow to ascribe this behaviour to a shift in the directional wind regime that can be related to a northward translation of the Mediterranean cyclones trajectory. Although in the absence of a quantitative assessment of the uncertainty associated with the choice of the climate model, our results give an account of the possible extent of the spatial variability of the response of coastal dynamics to mid‐latitude storm tracks modification induced by climate change.
Hyphenation of field‐amplified sample injection and transient isotachophoresis in CE for the determination of sotalol and metoprolol in human urine samples
Authors: Xu Lei , Meng Weiqi , Lu Jing , Cui Fengjuan , Gao Lidi , Chen Lin , Xin Yang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA sensitive approach of capillary electrophoresis coupled with field‐amplified sample injection and transient isotachophoresis was developed for the simultaneous determination of two β‐blockers: sotalol and metoprolol. In this dual focusing technique, the samples were prepared via only dissolution in ultrapure water and then injected electrokinetically. Phosphate acted as both the background electrolyte and the leading electrolyte. Its optimized concentration was 80 mM. A total of 25 mM of glycine was used as the terminating electrolyte. Under optimum conditions, good separation of sotalol and metoprolol was achieved within 10 min. In comparison with the conventional method, the sensitivity enhancement factors were up to 1031 and 919 for sotalol and metoprolol, respectively. The proposed method was employed in the determination of sotalol and metoprolol in spiked human urine samples. The limits of detection and limits of quantitation obtained via ultraviolet detection were 5 and 12 ng/mL, respectively, for sotalol, and 10 and 25 ng/mL, respectively, for metoprolol. The intraday repeatability values were lower than 2.7 and 1.7% for peak area and migration time, respectively. The assay is a simple and efficient strategy with potential for application in clinical and biochemical laboratories for monitoring sotalol and metoprolol.
Documentation of farmer perceptions and site‐specific properties to improve soil management on smallholder farms in Tanzania
Authors: Nord Alison , Snapp Sieglinde 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIdentifying sustainable land management practices within smallholder agriculture is a challenge. This is partly driven by the challenge of documenting farmers' perspectives and practices in an integrated manner with site‐specific scientific soil assessment. Smartphone applications such as LandPKS provide new approaches to quantify site‐specific soil degradation and fertility but are untested with African farm management. We surveyed 578 households in rain‐fed maize (Zea mays) production areas of Tanzania using a stratified sampling frame to encompass a wide range of soils and agroecologies. A socio‐economic survey and simultaneous sampling in focal plots documented farmer characteristics, perspectives, and management practices, along with soil properties and crop yields. For a subsample of 58 households, we additionally assessed site‐specific field status with the LandPKS application. Farmer perceptions of change in soil fertility status were consistent with soil properties, for example, a field perceived to be declining in fertility was also likely to have low SOC (1.8% relative to 2.7% for increasing fertility). LandPKS provided additional novel insights into soil limitations such as identifying poor water infiltration areas consistently associated with farmer use of erosion control practices (water infiltration of 4 mm hr−1 vs 20 all other plots). This charts a way forward to address soil fertility and land degradation challenges through the use of smartphone applications to capture site‐specific conditions and farmer concerns as the basis for land management recommendations that are highly relevant and address local conditions.
Templateless Electrodeposition of Conducting Polymer Nanotubes on Mesh Substrates
Authors: Fradin Caroline , Celestini Franck , Guittard Frédéric , Darmanin Thierry 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCreating homogeneous nanostructures of complex substrates such as meshes remains a real challenge for practical applications. Here, a templateless elecropolymerization method is used to create conducting polymer nanotubes. Using thieno[3,4‐b]thiophene‐based monomers, nanotubes are obtained especially using dichloromethane saturated in water (CH2Cl2 + H2O) in order to release a high amount of O2 and H2 bubbles. Two strategies are used by direct electropolymerization or posttreatment by simple esterification reaction. By direct electropolymerization, the surface morphology is highly dependent on the used monomer. By contrast, by posttreatment it is possible to obtain the same structure and to change the surface energy during the posttreatment. With the last strategy, it is possible to reach superhydrophobic mesh with ultra‐low water adhesion and high oleophobic properties, even with short fluorinated chains (C4F9).
Spatiotemporally Controlled Plasticity and Elasticity in 3D Multi‐Shape Memory Structures Enabled by Elemental Sulfur‐Derived Polysulfide Networks with Intrinsic NIR Responsiveness
Authors: Lee Ji Mok , Choi Yong‐Seok , Noh Guk Yun , Lee Woohwa , Yoo Youngjae , Kim Dong‐Gyun , Yoon Ho Gyu , Kim Yong Seok 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThermadapt shape memory polymers (SMPs), utilizing a variety of dynamic covalent bond exchange mechanisms, have been extensively studied in recent years but it is still challenging to address several constraints in terms of limited accuracy and complexity for constructing 3D shape memory structures. Here, an effective and facile preparation of thermadapt SMPs based on elemental sulfur‐derived poly(phenylene polysulfide) networks (PSNs) is presented. These SMPs possess intrinsic near‐infrared (NIR)‐induced photothermal conversion properties for spatiotemporal control of their plasticity and elasticity. The NIR‐controllable plasticity and elasticity of the PSNs enable versatile shape manipulation of 3D multi‐shape memory structures, including building block assembly, reconfiguration, shape fixing/recovery, and repair.
The influence of organizational social responsibility on involvement behavior in community sport membership associations
Authors: Misener Katie , Morrison Kristen , Shier Micheal , Babiak Kathy 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMembership‐based associations are critical to their local communities and the overall social impact of the nonprofit sector. This study examines how organizational social responsibility within nonprofit membership associations influences positive member involvement behaviors, including volunteering, speaking positively about the club, and member loyalty. Self‐administered online questionnaires were completed by 735 members within seven grassroots membership associations in Ontario, Canada offering community‐based sport programs. Results show that members are somewhat aware of and felt positively about their organization's socially responsible efforts. Awareness of these efforts had a positive direct effect on the involvement behaviors of members, including intention to stay involved with their club and speaking positively about their club to others (i.e., word of mouth). Members' level of social consciousness was found to have a positive direct effect on word of mouth. Furthermore, members' positive evaluation of sport clubs' socially responsible initiatives was found to partially mediate the positive relationship between social consciousness and involvement behavior, as well as partially mediate the positive relationship between awareness of those efforts and involvement behavior. Results of this research provide grassroots membership associations with an in‐depth understanding of how their organization's efforts toward social responsibility influence member perceptions and behaviors, which may help them focus their efforts and more effectively manage their social change agenda moving forward.
A systematic review of illness representation clusters in chronic conditions
Authors: Rivera Eleanor , Corte Colleen , DeVon Holli A. , Collins Eileen G. , Steffen Alana 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA person's beliefs about their chronic condition (illness representations) influence health and treatment outcomes. Recently, researchers have used clustering approaches to identify subgroups with different patterns of beliefs about their illness, with some subgroups having more favorable health outcomes than others. To date, these findings have not been synthesized. The purpose of this systematic review of the literature was to synthesize results of studies that used clustering approaches to analyze illness representation in chronic disease populations, in order to characterize the clusters and their relationship to health outcomes. Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines we searched CINAHL, PsycInfo, and PubMed. To be included, studies had to be (a) peer reviewed, (b) in English, (c) performing a cluster analysis (CA), latent class analysis (LCA), or latent profile analysis (LPA), (d) using only illness representation (IR) subscales to form clusters, (e) measuring illness representation with the Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ‐R), (f) in a chronic condition sample, and (g) measuring health‐related outcomes. Twelve studies were included. Across studies, the number of clusters found ranged from two to three. In all studies, an association was found between illness representation group and at least one of their health outcomes. Illness representation clusters associated with favorable outcomes usually included lower disease‐related consequences, fewer symptoms, less negative emotion, and a more stable disease pattern. The results of this review indicate that the relationship between the patterns of the illness representation profiles and health outcomes transcend diseases. Additionally, some dimensions of illness representation may be more important drivers of group membership than others.
Nonlinear predictive control applied to a biped walker with adjustable step length using a passive walking‐based reference generator
Authors: Negri Gabriel H. , Rosa Lucas K. H. , Cavalca Mariana S. M. , Celiberto Luiz A. , de Figueiredo Elisandra B. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThis paper presents the use of passive dynamics to generate the sagittal plane references for a biped walker. In order to achieve an adjustable gait width, a neural network reference generator, trained with passive walking data on different slopes, was applied. The control algorithm was implemented with an Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) strategy, in order to perform multiple‐input multiple‐output reference tracking while maintaining balance. The main contributions of the present work are using a kneed passive walker model for reference generation, which creates gait profiles that are more natural than the compass gait model, presenting a low computational cost, since only the forward kinematic model is used, and enabling adjustable gait width, due to the use of a neural network trained with data from the passive walker. Simulation results using V‐REP (Virtual Robot Experimentation Platform) are presented, using a sagittal kneed walker with a torso and arms, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Robust finite‐time control and estimation for uncertain time‐delayed switched systems by observer‐based sliding mode technique
Authors: Nie Rong , Ai Qilong , He Shuping , Yan Zhiguo , Luan Xiaoli , Liu Fei 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThis article investigates the robust estimation and observer‐based finite time sliding mode control problems for a class of switched systems with time‐delays and uncertainties. For the studied system model, a common sliding surface related to the estimated states is initially constructed. Then, a suitable sliding mode control law is designed to ensure the accessibility of sliding surface. By selecting the appropriate Lyapunov function and using the average dwell time method and the partition strategy lemma, sufficient conditions of finite time boundedness of system are given. The observer gain is obtained by solving a couple of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, a practical water quality control system is given to show the effectiveness of the design methods.
Registration of ‘Dagmar’ hard red spring wheat
Authors: Heo H.‐Y. , Lanning S. P. , Lamb P. F. , Nash D. , Wichman D. M. , Eberly J. , Carr P. , Kephart K. D. , Stougaard R. N. , Torrion J. , Miller J. , Chen C. , Holen D. , Blake N. K. , Talbert L. E. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract‘Dagmar’ hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Reg. no. CV‐1158, PI 690450) was released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station because of its excellent yield potential in dryland areas of Montana, solid stems, and superior end‐use quality. Dagmar was a selection from the cross MT1133/MT1148 and was tested as experimental line MT1621. Dagmar has similar grain yield potential to ‘Vida’, the most widely grown cultivar in Montana. Stems of Dagmar are more solid than those of Vida, suggesting increased resistance to the wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus Norton). Dagmar has higher grain protein and stronger gluten than Vida. Thus, Dagmar should be useful in Montana and adjoining states facing drought and wheat stem sawfly pressure.