bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complex Restorative Treatment of Patients with Post-Traumatic Tetraparesis
Authors: Yaminskyi Yu.Ia 
Published: May 2020

Summary. Despite the rapid development of medical technologies, the problem of restoration the functions of the spinal cord remains unsolved.
Objective: to improve the quality of life of patients with the consequences of traumatic damage to the spinal cord.
Materials and Methods. The study is based on an analysis of the treatment results of 95 patients with the consequences of traumatic damage to the cervical segments of the spinal cord. Depending on the severity of the spinal cord injury, the patients were distributed as follows: group ASIA A – 43 patients, group B – 37 patients, and group C – 15 patients. Reconstructive surgery was performed on patients from 6 months to 2 years after the injury. Among the methods of rehabilitation treatment, chronic epidural electrical stimulation of the spinal cord (as the first stage of rehabilitation treatment) was used in all patients, neurotization of the anterior interosseous nerve (anterior interosseous nerve AIN) by the branch of the muscular cutaneous nerve – in 38 patients, transposition of the tendon of the deltoid muscle to the tendon of the triceps of the shoulder – in 8 patients.
Results. The ASIA impairment scale, SCIM (Spinal cord independence measure scale) and MRC (Medical Research Council scale) were used to evaluate treatment outcomes. The results were evaluated 18 months after reconstructive surgery. In the ASIA A group, the quality of life improved in 74.4% of patients, due to an improvement of the upper extremity function. In the ASIA B group, an improvement in the quality of life was noted in 83.7% of patients, both due to improved self-care and mobility, and due to improved control of the function of the pelvic organs. In the ASIA C group, improved quality of life was mainly due to improved mobility.
Conclusions. Complex restorative treatment of patients with incomplete cervical spinal cord injury allowed to improve the quality of life due to correction of segmentary and conductive violations of the spinal cord. In patients with complete spinal cord injury, only segmentary violations are suitable for correction.
Bone Densitometry Indices of Humerus Bone in Patients with Partial Rupture of the Supraspinatus Tendon
Authors: Strafun S.S. , Bohdan S.V. , Abbasov S.M. 
Published: May 2020

Summary. Bone density is an important factor that affects the strength of the suture of the tendons of the rotator cuff. The higher the bone density is, the greater is the strength of fixation of the supraspinatus tendon to the bone, since the anchor is more securely fixed in the bone.
Objective: to determine the bone mineral density of the proximal humeral epiphysis in patients with partial tear of the supraspinatus tendon.
Materials and Methods. An X-ray examination of 48 shoulder joints (24 with partial tear of the supraspinatus tendon and 24 intact contralateral) was performed in 24 patients with partial tear of the supraspinatus tendon. On the electronic photographic prints of X-rays with the help of the specified software, 2 standard for all patients zones of determination of mineral density of bone tissue, both on the extremity with partial rupture of the supraspinatus tendon and on similar parts of the contralateral limb, were found. The bone mineral density (BMD) measurement zones were placed as follows: 1st zone - the greater tubercle of the humerus; 2nd zone - the middle of the humeral head. Each zone had a square shape and corresponded to 0.9±0.15 cm² of the area of the standard radiograph. Also, all patients underwent standard radiographic examination of the hip joints and lumbar spine.
Conclusions: In zone 1 (the greater tubercle of the humerus), the bone mineral density of the limb with partial tear of the supraspinatus tendon reached 0.167±0.155 g/cm² and was slightly lower than that on the healthy limb 0.238±0.115 g/cm² (p<0.05). This indicates the effect of partial rupture of the supraspinatus tendon on the development of osteoporotic processes in the area of the greater tubercle of the humerus. In the 2nd zone (the middle of the humeral head), the average bone mineral density of the limb with partial rupture of the supraspinatus tendon reached 0.193±0.109 g/cm² and was also less than 0.245±0.159 g/cm² on the contralateral limb. In the 1st zone (the greater tubercle of the humerus), the dependence of changes in bone mineral density on the total changes in bone mineral density (r=0.62; p<0.01) was revealed. In zone 2 (r=0.14; p<0.01), bone mineral density was independent of overall changes in bone mineral density.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN BERKENDARA SELAMAT DENGAN KECELAKAAN PENGEMUDI TRANSPORTASI RODA DUA BERBASIS ONLINE DI KOTA PEKANBARU
Authors: Ruzain Raihanatu Binqalbi , Herawati Yulia , Christofa Daniel 
Published: May 2020

Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas Jalan merupakan penyebab utama kematian dan cedera dan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang meningkat secara global, mengakibatkan lebih dari 1,2 juta kematian setiap tahunnya. Lebih dari 62.000 orang tewas dalam kecelakaan lalu lintas yang melibatkan sepeda motor di 27 negara Uni Eropa antara tahun 2001 dan 2009. Kemajuan transportasi roda dua berbasis online merupakan jawaban kebutuhan transportasi masyarakat saat ini, transportasi ini memberi kemudahan berupa masayarakat dapat menggunakan transportasi dengan cepat, efisien, ekonomis dan biaya yang pasti. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan berkendara selamat dengan kecelakaan pengemudi transportasi roda dua berbasis online. Penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif dengan korelasi Product Moment obsevasional. Subjek penelitian ini adalah pengemudi transportasi roda dua berbasis online sejumlah 100 orang. Pengetahuan berkendara selamat sebagai variable bebas dan kecelakaan pengemudi sebagai variable terikat. Dipenelitian terdapat hubungan signifikan antara pengetahuan berkendara selamat dengan kecelakaan pengemudi transportasi roda dua berbasis online. Pengemudi disarankan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan berkendara selamat dengan membaca, mengikuti seminar dan pelatihan.
Universal Transition Diagram from Dormant to Actively Accreting Supermassive Black Holes
Authors: Inayoshi Kohei , Ichikawa Kohei , Ho Luis C. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The vast majority of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in the local universe exhibit levels of activity much lower than those expected from gas supplying rates onto the galactic nuclei, and only a small fraction of silent SMBHs can turn into active galactic nuclei. Revisiting observational data of very nearby SMBHs whose gravitational spheres of influence are spatially reached by the Chandra X-ray satellite, we find that the level of BH activity drastically increases from the quiescent phase when the inflow rate outside of the BH influence radius is higher than 0.1% of the Eddington accretion rate. We also show that the relation between the nuclear luminosity and gas accretion rate from the BH influence radius measured from X-ray observations is well described by the universal state transition of accreting SMBHs, as predicted by recent hydrodynamical simulations with radiative cooling and BH feedback. After the state transition, young massive stars should form naturally in the nucleus, as observed in the case of the nearest SMBH, Sagittarius A*, which is currently quiescent but was recently active.
Periodic Fast Radio Bursts as a Probe of Extragalactic Asteroid Belts
Authors: Dai Z. G. , Zhong S. Q. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The periodic activity of the repeating fast radio burst (FRB) 180916.J0158+65 was recently reported by the CHIME/FRB Collaboration team. From this source 28 bursts not only show a ∼16 day period with an active phase of ∼4.0 days, but they also exhibit a broken power law in differential energy distribution. In this Letter, we suggest that FRB 180916.J0158+65-like periodic FRBs could provide a unique probe of extragalactic asteroid belts (EABs), based on our previously proposed pulsar-EAB impact model, in which repeating FRBs arise from an old-aged, slowly spinning, moderately magnetized pulsar traveling through an EAB around another stellar-mass object. These two objects form a binary, and thus the observed period is in fact the orbital period. We show that this model can be used to well interpret all of the observed data of FRB 180916.J0158+65. Furthermore, we constrain the EAB’s physical properties and find that (1) the outer radius of the EAB is at least an order of magnitude smaller than that of its analog in the solar system, (2) the differential size distribution of the EAB’s asteroids at small diameters (large diameters) is shallower (steeper) than that of solar system small objects, and (3) the two belts have a comparable mass.
Infections Are Associated With Increased Risk of Giant Cell Arteritis: A Population-based Case-control Study from Southern Sweden
Authors: Stamatis Pavlos , Turkiewicz Aleksandra , Englund Martin , Jönsson Göran , Nilsson Jan-Åke , Turesson Carl , Mohammad Aladdin J 
Published: May 2020

Objective.To investigate the association between infections and the subsequent development of giant cell arteritis (GCA) in a large population-based cohort from a defined geographic area in Sweden.Methods.Patients diagnosed with biopsy-confirmed GCA between 2000 and 2016 were identified through the database of the Department of Pathology in Skåne, the southernmost region of Sweden. For each GCA case, 10 controls matched for age, sex, and area of residence were randomly selected from the general population. Using the Skåne Healthcare Register, we identified all infection events prior to patients’ date of GCA diagnosis and controls’ index date. With infection as exposure, a conditional logistic regression model was employed to estimate the OR for developing GCA. The types of infections contracted nearest in time to the GCA diagnosis/index date were identified.Results.A total of 1005 patients with biopsy-confirmed GCA (71% female) and 10,050 controls were included in the analysis. Infections were more common among patients subsequently diagnosed with GCA compared to controls (51% vs 41%, OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.53–2.07). Acute upper respiratory tract infection (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.47–2.14), influenza and pneumonia (OR 1.72, 95 % CI 1.35–2.19), and unspecified infections (OR 5.35, 95 % CI 3.46–8.28) were associated with GCA. Neither skin nor gastrointestinal infections showed a correlation.Conclusion.Infections, especially those of the respiratory tract, were associated with subsequent development of biopsy-confirmed GCA. Our findings support the hypothesis that a range of infections may trigger GCA.
Données endoscopiques d’un groupe réductif connexe : applications d’une construction de Langlands
Authors: Lemaire Bertrand , Waldspurger Jean-Loup 
Published: May 2020

RésuméSoient
$F$
un corps global, et
$G$
un groupe réductif connexe défini sur
$F$
. On prouve que si deux données endoscopiques de
$G$
sont équivalentes en presque toute place de
$F$
, alors elles sont équivalentes. Le résultat est encore vrai pour l’endoscopie (ordinaire) avec caractère. On donne aussi, pour
$F$
global ou local et
$G$
quasi-simple simplement connexe, une description des données endoscopiques elliptiques de
$G$
.
Möbius Randomness Law for Frobenius Traces of Ordinary Curves
Authors: Sha Min , Shparlinski Igor E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecently E. Bombieri and N. M. Katz (2010) demonstrated that several well-known results about the distribution of values of linear recurrence sequences lead to interesting statements for Frobenius traces of algebraic curves. Here we continue this line of study and establish the Möbius randomness law quantitatively for the normalised form of Frobenius traces.
Validité du test des 48 images dans la détection de la simulation des troubles de la mémoire : données de références
Authors: Rouleau Isabelle , Mallette Pierre-Luc 
Published: May 2020

La simulation et l’exagération des troubles cognitifs doivent être envisagées dans l’interprétation du profil neuropsychologique surtout lors d’expertises. À cette fin, la validité du test des 48 images (48-I) a été examinée en comparant la performance de 55 simulateurs présumés à celle de 37 simulateurs volontaires et à celle de 389 patients, dont 22 amnésiques et 105 présentant une atteinte légère à modérée de la mémoire. Tous ont complété l’épreuve des 15 mots de Rey et le rappel immédiat de la figure complexe de Rey. Aucune différence n’a été observée entre les deux groupes de simulateurs. Au 48-I, le score obtenu par les simulateurs est aussi faible que celui des amnésiques, mais ils réussissent aussi bien les autres tests de mémoire que les patients avec atteinte mnésique légère à modérée, qui eux obtiennent une performance presque parfaite au 48-I. Ces résultats supportent la validité du 48-I dans la détection de la simulation.
Faculty Engagement in Internationalization: The Role of Personal Agency Beliefs
Authors: Nyangau Josiah Zachary 
Published: May 2020

As higher education in the United States has experienced a proliferation of internationalization activities, there has been a steady stream of studies directed at understanding institutional rationales for internationalization. Further, an emerging body of research seeks to understand faculty motivations of international involvement. However, scant attention has been devoted to understanding the role of personal agency beliefs in facilitating faculty international engagement. This study, part of a larger project, draws on in-depth interviews with fifteen faculty to address this topic. The findings show that strong efficacy beliefs and positive perceptions about organizational context are strong influences on faculty behavior relative to international engagement.
Cool Parent Syndrome; Redefining Cool
Authors: Amgain Ganesh 
Published: May 2020

Parenting style also called parental behaviour is the way parents generally relate to their children.1 It is the overall emotional climate in which parents raise their children. It has been divided into four different categories; Authoritative, Authoritarian, Permissive and Uninvolved. Experts recommend parents to follow authoritative parenting styles to the most effective one. But in Nepalese context, authoritarian parenting style runs among the families. Researches have shown that Nepalese parenting style could not be incorporated into a single parenting style as suggested by Baumrind.2 Present day’s parents in Nepalese context, with all the education and modernization, not setting clear rules for the children, and provision of more than enough freedom is found to be cool. Most of the parenting studies only find the correlation between parenting styles and outcomes rather than cause and effect. That’s why, rather than sticking to the specific type of parenting style or be cool with them, it’s crucial to take time and be able to connect to them and address the needs of the children.
Keywords: Parenting styles, Cool Parents, Cool Parent Syndrome
Pain in Separation of the Molars among the Orthodontic patients
Authors: Manandhar Pushkar , Rajbhandari Anjana , Pradhan Resina , Bajracharya Manju , Maharjan Surendra 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Pain has been the most common and foremost reason for discontinuing the orthodontic treatment. The patients usually experience pain in Orthodontic treatment during separator placement, wire placement, headgear wear, and rapid palatal expansion. Placement of orthodontic separators (brass wire, elastomeric, spring-type steel separators, and latex elastics) results in a painful experience. Therefore the purpose of the study is to assess the pain perception among the patients seeking orthodontic treatment.
Methods: This study was carried out amongst 120 (53 male and 67 female) patients seeking orthodontic treatment. Elastomeric separators were placed mesially and distally to the first molars and the participants were given a self-administrated Universal pain assessment Tool to document perceived pain and pain upon chewing, using a visual analog scale for seven days. Total scores were calculated and descriptive statistics in the form of a number (mean) and percentage were calculated.
Results: This study showed a mean score for perceived pain of each day to be 7.16, 7.1, 6.05, 4.67, 3.69, 2.88, and 2.27 respectively with a mean of 4.831 +/- 1.273. Similarly, the mean score for pain on chewing was 8.21, 7.53, 6.62, 5.19, 4.38, 3.65, and 3 with a mean of 5.5119 +/- 1.269.
Conclusions: There was a significant difference in pain perception among the male and female participants, females having higher pain perception. There was a significant difference in pain perception between the Adolescent and Adult in both normal life and during eating.
Spinal Anesthesia for Removal of Thoraco-Lumbar Pedicle Screw
Authors: Gyawali Nirmal Kumar 
Published: May 2020

Background: Spinal anesthesia compared to the general anesthesia has advantages of decreased blood loss, better cardiovascular stability, and postoperative pain control. This study was designed to evaluate pedicle screw removal at the lateral position under spinal anesthesia.
Methods: It is a prospective study done in patients with ASA (American Society of Anaesthesiologist) I and II with ages between 17 to 75 years of both sex admitted for pedicle screw removal surgery during the period March 2018 to April 2019 AD in Western Hospital and research center Nepalgunj. All patients were informed about the risk of conversion to general anesthesia in detail. Spinal anesthesia was given to all 83 patients who came for pedicle screw removal.
Result: Out of all patients 54% were from Hills and the remaining 46% were from Terai. The commonest cause of injury was fall from a tree which was in 48 (57.8%) out of 83 cases. The commonest level of injury was L1 followed by L2. The operation was completed under spinal anesthesia. None of the patients required conversion to general anesthesia. And 69 (83.1%) patients did not require any additional medications whereas the remaining 14 (16.86%) needed additional medications.
Conclusion: Spinal anesthesia is the safe and effective anesthetic technique for short duration spinal surgery eg pedicle screw removal in terms of perioperative events and in prolonged postoperative analgesia, as well as in terms of patient and surgeon’s satisfaction.
Effectiveness of Hyperbaric Ropivacaine over Hyperbaric Bupivacaine in Spinal Anaesthesia
Authors: Ghimire Ramesh , Gyawali Madhu 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Spinal anesthesia is widely recognized as an alternative to general anesthesia for the surgery in lower extremities, perineum or lower body wall. The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness and safety of hyperbaric Bupivacaine over hyperbaric Ropivacaine .
Materials and Methods: We enrolled 60 patients of either sex, ASA grade I &II who were randomly allocated in two groups. Group-B received 3 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine with glucose 8% and Group-R received 3ml of 0.5% hyperbaric Ropivacaine glucose 8.33%. The various parameters of the subarachnoid block, hemodynamic variables, recovery from sensory and motor blockade and side effects were studied.
Result: The time to onset of maximum sensory block level was faster in Bupivacaine (9.10±3.90min) than in Ropivacaine (10.87±5.37min) and statistically not significant. The time to 5 segments regression was faster in Ropivacaine (116.00±29.72min) than Bupivacaine (143.50±18.76min) and the time to S2 level regression of sensory block was faster in Ropivacaine (154.00±27.84min) than Bupivacaine (186.00±18.73min). The time to onset of the maximum motor was faster with Bupivacaine (8.70±3.19min) as compared to Ropivacaine (13.10±4.40min) The time to regression of motor block by 1 grade was faster with Ropivacaine (97.00±26.64min) than Bupivacaine (146.50±23.53min) and the time to complete regression of motor block was faster with Ropivacaine (149.00±30.75min) than Bupivacaine (183.50±19.96min).
Conclusion: The hyperbaric Ropivacaine (3ml, 0.5%) provides a reliable subarachnoid block of shorter duration than hyperbaric Bupivacaine (3ml, 0.5%) with stable hemodynamic parameters.
Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Oral Films of Cetirizine Hydrochloride
Authors: Baniya Deepti Piya , Pandey Gaurav , Bajaracharya Mijala , Dhungana Bishwo Raj 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Fast-dissolving oral delivery system is a solid dosage form, which is used as a novel approach, as it dissolves rapidly in the mouth and directly reaches the systemic circulation. This facilitates rapid absorption and reduces first-pass effects. These films provide better utilization without the need to chew and do not require the need of water for administration. Fast-dissolving oral films might be useful in special patients like those with swallowing difficulties and in that in chemotherapy. This study was aimed to formulate and evaluate the fast dissolving oral films of Cetirizine Hydrochloride.
Methods: Oral films of Cetirizine Hydrochloride were prepared using Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC), Polyvinyl alcohol, glycerol, aspartame in different concentrations by the solvent casting method. Films were evaluated for different physical Films were subjected to USP dissolution studies.
Results: The drug content of the nine formulations was found to be in the range as per Indian Pharmacopeia. In vitro release studies indicated 60-91% release within 30 min in the formulated oral films. The best release was found to be 91.58% of formulation F7, having a minimum concentration of HPMC alone as a polymer along with other common ingredients and minimum release was found to be 60.01% of formulation F1. Surface pH was found to be near to neutral (pH 7) which was good for buccal mucosa.
Conclusion: Increasing the concentration of polymer (PVA and HPMC) while keeping the plasticizer ratio constant showed enhanced folding endurance. The dissolution rates were also increased with the increase in the concentration of the polymers. The high concentration of polymers decreased the release rate of cetirizine while a low concentration of polymers causes an increment in the release rate of cetirizine.
Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak and the Strategy for Prevention
Authors: Sajed Ahmad Naeem , Amgain Kapil 
Published: May 2020

The Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) is the novel disease of the respiratory system, causing the ongoing pandemic with flu-like symptoms. It is caused by a virus known as SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2). This disease affected the entire world and various myths are circulating about its diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. The choice for diagnosis should be based on clinical and epidemiological factors and linked to an assessment of the likelihood of infection. A number of rapid diagnostic and serological tests are being used for the detection of suspected COVID-19 cases. However, the sensitivity and specificity of such newly marketed tests have not been evaluated and never up to standard yet. Therefore, it is not recommended any such immunochromatographic or serological rapid screening tests for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections. The most reliable diagnostic test to confirm COVID-19 is PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) which is a molecular-based test for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. Eradication of highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 Virus that causing the ongoing deadly pandemic COVID-19, demands individual attention and awareness are necessary regarding the route and mode of transmission across the bounders throughout the entire world. Proper hand-washing, staying at the home and maintaining the social distance are proved to the most effective preventive measures and are immediate solutions to save human beings from this unseen enemy.