bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING SELF-DETERMINATION THEORY IN TEACHING SCIENCE FOR GRADE EIGHT STUDENTS: A CASE STUDY IN SRI LANKA
Authors: Jayarathne Avanthi , Chandrasena W. D. 
Published: August 2020

Science is highly important as it focusses on enhancing the quality of human life. Though, science is perceived to be an interesting discipline, students’ performance in the field of school science is not very satisfactory. Self-determination theory (SDT) assumes that inherent in human nature is the propensity to be curious about one’s environment and interested in learning and developing one’s knowledge. Thus, SDT can be used to teach science effectively in classrooms to enhance students’ performance. As described in SDT, people have three innate psychological needs; competence, autonomy and relatedness. If these needs are fulfilled, the optimal functioning of human beings can be obtained. Hence, this study focused in investigating the effectiveness of using SDT in teaching “Main Biological Processes in Plants” for Grade 8 students. The study was conducted using two groups of students as the experimental and the control. The experimental group was instructed using SDT while the control group was taught using traditional method. The students’ performance, psychological relatedness, competence, and the autonomy showed higher in the experimental group compared to the control group. Thus, the results indicate that the instructional approach based on SDT is very effective compared to traditional approach of instruction in teaching science as SDT approach develops intrinsic motivation of students.
PERANCANGAN SISTEM PEMOMPAAN AIR SAMPEL TENAGA SURYA UNTUK SISTEM ONLINE MONITORING KUALITAS AIR SUNGAI
Authors: Setiaji Galih 
Published: August 2020

Pada tahun 2014 KLHK dan BPPT telah melakukan pengkajian dan penerapan teknologi online monitoring kualitas air sungai (Onlimo) di sungai Ciliwung. Peran sistem Onlimo ini adalah untuk mempermudah upaya pengendalian pencemaran sungai. Tahun 2015 dan 2016 KLHK dan BPPT telah melakukan pemasangan sistem Onlimo di 10 lokasi pada 4 DAS prioritas. Dalam sistem Onlimo tersebut terdapat dua metode pemasangan sensor yaitu: pencelupan secara langsung ke dalam sungai dan pengukuran di luar sungai. Pada sistem pengukuran di luar sungai, sampel air sungai dipompa dari sungai menuju tangki yang telah tersedia sensor di dalamnya. Sistem pemompaan sampel air sungai diaplikasikan saat kondisi sungai tidak memungkinkan untuk dilakukanya pencelupan sensor secara langsung. Saat ini sistem pemompaan masih diaplikasikan pada daerah yang memiliki suplai listrik PLN karena konsumsi listrik yang cukup besar untuk menjalankanya. Dengan rencana KLHK yang menargetkan penerapan sistem online monitoring kualitas air di 15 DAS prioritas, maka penting untuk dipersiapkan perancangan sistem pengambilan sampel dengan energi alternatif agar dapat ditempatkan di lokasi manapun tanpa tergantung listrik dari PLN. Pada perancangan ini telah dihasilkan rancangan sistem Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) yang dapat menyuplai kebutuhan listrik sebuah sistem pemompaan air sampel untuk sistem online monitoring kualitas air selama 24 jam.Â Kata Kunci : online monitoring, kualitas air, sensor, pembangkit listrik, tenaga surya
DESAIN PENGOLAHAN AIR MENGGUNAKAN MEMBRAN ULTRAFILTRASI KAPASITAS 50M3/HARI
Authors: Sulaeman Oman 
Published: August 2020

Air bersih merupakan kebutuhan setiap orang, kebutuhan ini terus meningkat dari waktu ke waktu. Adanya keterbatasan pemerintah untuk mengolah air menjadi kendala masyarakat untuk memiliki akses dalam mendapatkan air bersih. Keberadaan sungai sebagai salah satu sumber air telah tercemar oleh limbah rumah tangga dan polutan lainnya menjadikan air sungai tidak lagi dapat memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat. Oleh karena itu untuk mendapatkan air bersih yang memenuhi baku mutu air bersih diperlukan teknologi yang tepat. Salah satu teknologi yang di butuhkan dalam perencanaan unit pengolah air yang sesuai dan efisien untuk mengolah menjadi air bersih yaitu dengan menggunakan membran ultrafiltrasi. Dalam desain ini akan direncanakan pengolahan air bersih dengan kapasitas 50 m3/hari. kata kunci : Ultrafiltrasi, Desain, Air bersih
ANALISIS KUALITAS AIR LIMBAH DOMESTIK PERKANTORAN
Authors: Sulistia Susi , Septisya Alifya Cahaya 
Published: August 2020

Air limbah domestik adalah air limbah yang berasal dari usaha dan atau kegiatan permukiman, rumah makan, perkantoran, perniagaan, apartemen dan asrama. Sebelum dibuang ke lingkungan Â air limbah domestik harus diolah di unit pengolahan atau Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL). Sampel air diambil dari inlet dan outlet Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) yang menggunakan metode biologis (biofilter anaerob-aerob) di area perkantoran. Sampel inlet diambil dari bak ekualisasi dan sampel outlet diambil dari hasil akhir IPAL. Sebanyak 7 parameter yaitu pH, BOD/Biochemical Oxygen Demand, COD/ChemicalÂ Oxygen Demand, amonia, minyak dan lemak, total padatan tersuspensi (TSS/Total Suspended Solids) dan total coliform dianalisis setiap bulan untuk memantau hasil IPAL dan kualitas dari air limbah domestik sehingga aman jika dibuang ke lingkungan. Parameter yang digunakan didasarkan pada PERMEN LHK RI No. 68 tahun 2016 tentang kualitas air limbah domestik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pH (inlet 7.09 dan outlet 6.60), BOD (inlet 49.5132 mg/L dan outlet 6.1122 mg/L), COD (inlet 287.5833 mg/L dan outlet 145.1667 mg / L), TSS (inlet 65.8333 mg/L dan outlet 14.1667 mg/L), amonia (inlet 158.1989 mg/L dan outlet 56.5617 mg/L), minyak dan lemak Â (inlet 1822.75 mg / L dan outlet 102.25 mg/L), dan total coliform (inlet 160000 / 100mL dan outlet 300 / Nilai 100 mL dianalisa selama tiga bulan (Februari-April). Berdasarkan parameter tersebut, kualitas air limbah domestik area perkantoran masih dalam ambang batas untuk pH, BOD, TSS, dan total coliform, sementara COD, amonia, dan minyak & lemak melebihi standar kualitas yang ditetapkan.Â Kata kunci: air limbah domestik, instalasi pengolahan air limbah, dan parameter kualitas air limbah domestikÂ
OPTIMALISASI KINERJA PERANGKAT PENINGKAT pH BERBASIS RESIN MAGNESIUM OKSIDA UNTUK PRODUKSI AIR SIAP MINUM
Authors: Robbani Muhammad Haqqiyuddin , Setiadi Imam 
Published: August 2020

Rendahnya nilai pH air yang dihasilkan oleh teknologi pengolahan air siap minum (Arsinum) berbasis membran reverse osmosis (RO) masih menjadi salah satu permasalahan yang kerap terjadi. Remineralisasi atau penambahan kembali ion mineral merupakan salah-satu alternatif teknologi yang dapat digunakan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi operasi (waktu tinggal) terbaik dalam proses peningkatan pH air siap minum menggunakan resin magnesium oksida dengan tetap memperhatikan nilai TDS yang masih aman untuk dikonsumsi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan memvariasikan laju alir serta jumlah cartridge yang nantinya akan berkaitan dengan lamanya waktu tinggal atau waktu kontak antara air umpan dengan resin magnesium oksida. Penambahan resin magnesium oksida nyatanya mampu meningkatkan nilai pH larutan umpan hingga mencapai nilai pH 9 (sembilan). Adapun kadar TDS air produk yang terukur untuk semua waktu tinggal yang diatur dalam variabel penelitian ini masih dalam batas aman untuk dikonsumsi. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi bahan pertimbangan teknis untuk kemudian dapat diaplikasikan dalam proses produksi air siap minum. kata kunci: pH, air siap minum, reverse osmosis, remineralisasi, magnesium oksida
STUDI LINGKUNGAN TEMPAT PEMROSESAN AKHIR SAMPAH GALUGA KECAMATAN CIBUNGBULANG KABUPATEN BOGOR PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
Authors: Suciati Fuzi , Aviantara Dwindrata B 
Published: August 2020

Tempat pemrosesan akhir (TPA) sampah Galuga merupakan areal controlled landfill untuk sampah domestik penduduk Kota dan Kabupaten Bogor. Areal seluas 54 ha tersebut 92% diperuntukkan bagi sampah domestik Kota Bogor. Sebanyak 500 ton/hari sampah domestik Kota Bogor serta 600 ton/hari sampah domestik Kabupaten Bogor dibuang pada fasilitas penimbusan akhir tersebut. Fasilitas TPA Galuga yang telah beroperasi lebih dari 30 tahun tersebut dilengkapi pula dengan unit proses pengomposan sampah open windrow. Namun laju perolehan produk akhir kompos belum mampu mengimbangi laju penambahan sampah domestik yang masuk ke areal tersebut. Dari sekitar 1100 ton per hari sampah yang masuk ke TPA galuga sekitar 250 – 300 ton per hari sampah yang berupa plastik maupun kertas dapat disisihkan oleh pemulung. Walaupun TPA Galuga merupakan controlled landfill namun belum terkelola dengan baik. Hal tersebut menimbulkan persoalan lingkungan bau sampah serta mutu lindi yang fluktuatif. Terobosan teknologi tampaknya diperlukan untuk menanggulangi persoalan sampah di TPA Galuga. kata kunci : sampah domestik, tempat pemrosesan akhir, penimbusan akhir, kualitas lingkungan
BIOLOGICAL FERTILIZER EFFECT OF HEAVY METAL ABSORPTION OF COPPER AND LEAD TO BABY CORN CROP
Authors: Sudaryono Sudaryono 
Published: August 2020

Absorption of heavy metals by plants is influenced by soil and plant biology. Heavy metals are absorbed into plant tissues through the root, then enter the food chain cycle. Metal will accumulate in body tissues and can have negative impacts for humans, animals, and plants when exceeding the limit of tolerance. Heavy metal accumulation in plant tissues can directly affect plant growth and production, can indirectly affect human health when consuming food contaminated heavy metals. The research objective was to determine the ability of biological fertilizers containing bacteria Azotobacter sp. and Pseudomonas sp., in absorbing heavy metals (Cu and Pb) contained in landfill waste compost, which is used to fertilize crops corn (baby corn). The research methodologyuses a split plot design arranged in Completely Randomized Design with 3 blocks as replicates. The first factor that serves as the main plot of the biological fertilizer, consisting of two cedars, namely: no biological fertilizers and biological fertilizers. The second factor that functions as a sub plot that is a combination of landfill waste compost with NPK fertilizer, consisting of four treatments, namely: Compost waste landfill: no fertilizer NPK = 1: 0; compost waste landfill: NPK = 2/3 : 1/3; compost waste landfill: fertilizer NPK = 1/3: 2/3Without landfill waste compost: NPK = 0: 1. The results showed that administration of biological fertilizers in combination with compost waste landfill is more dominant for increasing and improving soil physical chemistry, such as increasing soil pH, nutrientsÂ nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and cation exchange capacity (KPK). Biological fertilizer containing bacteria Azotobacter sp. and Pseudomonas sp. may reduce the uptake of heavy metals Cu to below the threshold of 2.526 to 15.79 ppm, the maximum content of Cu ranges between 20-100 ppm. The mean content of Pb in tissues and cobs of corn is above the maximum limit of 29.80 to 42.69 ppm, which is still allowed Pb content between 0.1 to 10 ppm. Means baby corn crop is not safe for consumption.key words: compost from the landfill, heavy metals, biological fertilizer
Synthesis of polyynes by laser ablation of graphite in ethanol
Authors: Khashan Khawla S. 
Published: August 2020

In this work Polyynes was synthesized by pulse laser ablation of graphite target in ethanol solution. UV-Visible Spectrophotometer, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to study the optical absorption, chemical bonding, particle size and the morphology. UV absorption peaks coincide with the electronic transitions corresponding to linear hydrogen – capped polyyne (Cn+1H2), the absorption peaks intensity increased when the polyynes were produced at different laser energies and the formation rats of polyynes increased with the increasing of laser pulse number. The FTIR absorption peak at 2368.4 cm-1, 1640.0 cm-1 and 1276.8 cm-1 stretching vibration bond, were refer to the C ≡ C, C = C and C-C, respectively. A bond suggests the formation carbon nanoparticles suspend in this solvent and the TEM show the formation of spherical nanoparticles with size ranges from (1.2 to 105.9 nm) and aggregation of the carbon nanoparticles.
Construction and performance study of a solar - powered hybrid cooling system in Iraq
Authors: Mutlak Falah A-H. 
Published: August 2020

The systems cooling hybrid solar uses solar collector to convert solar energy into the source of heat for roasting Refrigerant outside of the compressor and this process helps in the transformation of Refrigerant from the gas to a liquid state in two-thirds the top of the condenser instead of two-thirds the bottom of the condenser as in Conventional cooling systems and this in turn reduces the energy necessary to lead the process of cooling. The system cooling hybrid use with a capacity of 1 ton and Refrigerant type R22 and the value of current drawn by the system limits (3.9-4.2A), the same value of electric current calculated by the system are Conventional within this atmosphere of Iraq, and after taking different readings of the temperatures and pressure to several points in the system's found that the Refrigerant when it comes out of the compressor, it loses part of the temperature of the water in the solar collector through a heat exchanger while the literature published in accordance with the manufacturers that the solar collector, a kind of vacuum tubes contributes to raise the pressure and temperature of the fluid cooler to reduce the consumption of energy spent on compressor. Therefore, the system described by the current not fit for domestic use within the Iraqi environmental conditions.
Morphology, chemical and electrical properties of CdO Nanoparticles on porous silicon
Authors: Nayef Uday Muhsin 
Published: August 2020

In this paper, CdO nanoparticles prepared by pulsed laser deposition techniqueonto a porous silicon (PS) surface prepared by electrochemical etching of p-type silicon wafer with resistivity (1.5-4Ω.cm) in hydrofluoric (HF) acid of 20% concentration. Current density (15 mA/cm2) and etching times (20min). The films were characterized by the measurement of AFM, FTIR spectroscopy and electrical properties.
Atomic Force microscopy confirms the nanometric size.Chemical components during the electrochemical etching show on surface of PSchanges take place in the spectrum of CdO deposited PS when compared to as-anodized PS.
The electrical properties of prepared PS; namely current density-voltage characteristics under dark, show that the pass current through the PS layer is more than that obtained from the CdO/PS/Si which is related to increasing junction resistivity that come from increasing in depletion width.
Calculation the optical energy band gap of LR115 SSNTD irradiated by α particle
Authors: Jaber Al-Tai,i Hassan M. 
Published: August 2020

The effect of α-particle irradiation on the optical absorption in nuclear track detectors (LR115) has been studied. These detectors have been irradiated with different doses. The optical absorption has been measured using the ultraviolet-visible (UV-1100) spectroscopy, that irradiation results in shifting the peaks of the optical absorption. The values of Urbach energy have been calculated from the position of steady-state optical band gap energy, for a standard sample which was unirradiated with indirect influence, has been found 1.9 eV whereas its value after irradiation 1.98 eV. In case of the direct influence, it is found to be, respectively, before irradiation 1.98 eV and after irradiation 2.05 eV. From these results, we can reveal that the values of energy gaps in direct–coincidence before and after irradiation greater than those for indirect one. The number of carbon atoms has been determined in each case for the optical energy gaps.
The solar eclipse and its relation with higree months
Authors: H. S. Abdul Rahman 
Published: August 2020

The solar eclipse occurs at short time before the crescent birth moment when the moon near any one of moon orbit nodes It is important to determine the synchronic month which is used to find Higree date. The 'rules' of eclipses are:
Y= ± 0.997 of Earth radius , the solar eclipse is central and 0.997 < |Y| < 1.026 the umbra cone touch the surface of the Earth, where Y is the least distance from the axis of the moon's shadow to the center of the Earth in units of the equatorial radius of the Earth.
A new model have been designed, depend on the horizontal coordinates of the sun, moon, the distances Earth-Moon (rm), Earth-sun (rs) and |Y| to determine the date and times of total solar eclipse and the geographical coordinates of spot shadow as well as the shadow diameter and the variations with time.
The results are compared with Almanac and others programs are gets a good agreements and the results show the area of eclipse shadow inversely proportional with rm /rs .The Higree month which must be begin after the solar eclipse and the relation were discussed hear.
Relative intensity distribution in the rotational structure for B1Σ+- A1Π and B1Σ+- X1Σ+ electronic systems of BeO molecule
Authors: Mahmod Marwa Waleed 
Published: August 2020

Theoretical spectroscopic study of Beryllium Oxide has been carried out, Boltzmann distribution of P, Q and R branches in the range of (0<J<13) at temperature 4200K for (0-0) band for electronic transitions B1Σ+-A1Π and B1Σ-X1Σ. The Boltzmann distribution of these branches has a maximum values at equal J approximately while the values of relative population are different. For the B1Σ+- X1Σ+ transition the branch's lines extend towards lower wavenumber. This is because (Bv'-Bv") value is negative, i.e Bv'< Bv" For B1Σ+-A1Π transition branch's lines extend towards higher wave number .This is because (Bv'-Bv") value is positive, i.e. Bv'> Bv".
The evaluation of left ventricle stiffness index in patients suffering from hypertension
Authors: Al-Mashhadani Asia H. 
Published: August 2020

Many diseases can produce cardiac overload, of these disease hypertension, valve disease congenital anomaly in addition to many other disease. One of the most common diseases causing left ventricle overload is hypertension. A long term hypertension can cause myocardium hypertrophy leading to changes in the cardiac contractility and reduced efficiency. The investigations were carried out using conventional echocardiography techniques in addition to the tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) from which many noninvasive measurements can be readily obtained. The study has involved the effect of hypertension on the myocardium stiffness index through the measurement of early diastolic filling (E) and the early velocity of lateral mitral annulus (Ea) from which left ventricle filling pressure can be obtained. Our aim was to investigate the changes in the myocardium index of diastolic stiffness using TDI for patients suffering from systemic hypertension. We studied 263 hypertensive patients (105 males and 158 females of average age of 54.07± 12.7) and 166 healthy subjects (age range 40.06± 12.8,53 males and 113 females) as a control group. Measurements were carried out using tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) of the mitral annulus in addition to other echocardiographic measurements for the assessment of left ventricle end diastolic dimension (LVEDD), Doppler peak early (E) and late (A) diastolic filling velocities. Results reveal that mitral annular early diastolic velocity (Ea) measured by TDI, that (Ea) was significantly lower for the hypertensive group in comparison with the control group (Ea 9.81 ± 2.87 cm/s for hypertensive vs. 12.90 ± 2.395 cm/s for control p value <0.001. Hypertensive group also showed a significantly higher mitral annular late diastolic velocity (Aa) in comparison with control group as Aa 11.21 ± 2.504 cm/s for hypertensive vs. 9.787 ±2.201cm/s for control, p value <0.001.. In conclusion, LV myocardial diastolic stiffness index is increased in hypertensive patients.
Density distributions, form factors and reaction cross sections for exotic 11Be and 15C nuclei
Authors: Abdullah Ahmed N. 
Published: August 2020

The ground state proton, neutron and matter densities of exotic 11Be and 15C nuclei are studied by means of the TFSM and BCM. In TFSM, the calculations are based on using different model spaces for the core and the valence (halo) neutron. Besides single particle harmonic oscillator wave functions are employed with two different size parameters Bc and Bv. In BCM, the halo nucleus is considered as a composite projectile consisting of core and valence clusters bounded in a state of relative motion. The internal densities of the clusters are described by single particle Gaussian wave functions.
Elastic electron scattering proton form factors for these exotic nuclei are analyzed via the plane wave born approximation (PWBA). As the calculations in the BCM do not distinguish between protons and neutrons, the calculations of the proton form factors are restricted only by the TFSM.
The reaction cross sections for these exotic nuclei are studied by means of the Glauber model with an optical limit approximation using the ground state densities of the projectile and target, where these densities are described by single Gaussian functions. The calculated reaction cross sections at high energy are in agreement with the experimental data.
Structural, electrical and optical properties of CdS thin films and the effect of annealing on photoconductivity
Authors: Abdul-Ameer Al-Rehamey Haidar Jwad 
Published: August 2020

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin films with n-type semiconductor characteristics were prepared by flash evaporating method on glass substrates. Some films were annealed at 250 oC for 1hr in air. The thicknesses of the films was estimated to be 0.5µ by the spectrometer measurement. Structural, morphological, electrical, optical and photoconductivity properties of CdS films have been investigated by X-ray diffraction, AFM, the Hall effect, optical transmittance spectra and photoconductivity analysis, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern shows that CdS films are in the stable hexagonal crystalline structure. Using Debye Scherrerś formula, the average grain size for the samples was found to be 26 nm. The transmittance of the samples was determined from optical trasmittance spectra. It is observed that the direct band gap energy for as deposited and annealed films are (2.55, 2.45) eV, respectively. The effect of annealing at 250 oC for 1hr in air on optical and photoconductivity of films under various intensity of illuminations (43.81 and 115.12) mW/cm2 was studied. The dark and photocurrents of the annealed films were found to be greater than that of as deposited.
Cu Nanoparticles preparation by Laser Ablation in Liquid Phase method (LALP)
Authors: Noori Zaydoon tariq 
Published: August 2020

Nanoparticle has pulled in expanding consideration with the developing enthusiasm for nanotechnology which hold potential as essential segments for development applications. In the present work, a copper nanoparticle is manufactured as a suspension in distilled water by beating a bulk copper target with laser source (532 nm wavelength, 10 ns pulse duration and 10 Hz repletion rate) via method. UV- visible absorption spectra and AFM analysis has been done to observe the effect of repetition rate for the pulsation of laser. Copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) were successfully synthesized with green color. The Cu- NPs have very high purity because the preparation was managed in aqueous media to eliminate ambient contaminations. Absorption spectrum shows peaks at 450 nm- 700 nm µm due to the generation of Cu-NPs.