bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of the Hidden Population with COVID-19 Disease
Authors: Soltanian Ali Reza , Bashirian Saeid , Basti Shahin Akhondzadeh , Karami Manoochehr , Ostovar Afshin , Khazaei Salman 
Published: June 2020

The population with emerging diseases such as COVID-19, which is used to calculate the basic reproduction number of epidemic outbreak (R0) cannot be simply observed. In this article, we have proposed a method for estimating the hidden population of people with COVID-19 disease. Knowing the number of people with COVID-19 disease is very important for health policy. The provision of medical equipment (e.g., masks, alcohol, ventilators, medication, etc.), the reopening of schools and universities, the start of tourism and public gatherings, the provision of medical staff and preventive planning depend on the number of patients with the disease. Therefore, it is very important to estimate the number of patients.
Key words: • Corona virus • Covid-19 • Epidemiology • Hidden population • Attack rate

Copyright © 2020 Soltanian et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial.
Vaccine Design against Coronavirus Spike (S) Glycoprotein in Chicken: Immunoinformatic and Computational Approaches
Authors: Awadelkareem Eman Ali , Ali Sumaia Awad Elkariem 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a highly contagious respiratory disease in chickens and produces economic loss within the poultry industry. This disease is caused by a single stranded RNA virus belonging to Cronaviridae family. This study aimed to design a potential multi-epitopes vaccine against Infectious bronchitis virus spike protein (S). Protein characterization was also performed for IBV spike protein.Methods: The present study used various tools in Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) to predict conserved B and T cell epitopes against IBV spike (S) protein that may perform a significant role in provoking the resistance response to IBV infection. Results: In B cell prediction methods, three epitopes (1139KKSSYY1144, 1140KSSYYT1145, 1141SSYYT1145) were selected as surface, linear and antigenic epitopes. Many MHCI and MHCII epitopes were predicted for IBV S protein. Among them 982YYITARDMY990 and 983YITARDMYM991 epitopes displayed high antigenicity, no allergenicity and no toxicity as well as great linkage with MHCI and MHCII alleles. Moreover, docking analysis of MHCI epitope produced strong binding affinity with BF2 alleles. Conclusion: Five conserved epitopes were expected from spike glycoprotein of IBV as the best B and T cell epitopes due to high antigenicity, no allergenicity and no toxicity. In addition, MHC epitopes showed great linkage with MHC alleles as well as strong interaction with BF2 alleles. These epitopes should be designed and incorporated and then tested as multi-epitope vaccine against IBV.
Simulation in Physiotherapy Students for Clinical Decisions During Interaction with People with Low Back Pain. Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sandoval-Cuellar Carolina , Acosta-Otalora Martha Lucia , Villarraga-Nieto Angélica del Pilar , Goyeneche-Ortegón Ruth Liliana , Castellanos-Garrido Adriana Lucia , Castellanos-Vega Rocio del Pilar , Cobo-Mejía Elisa Andrea , Alfonso-Mora Margareth Lorena 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a symptomatology with a high global prevalence; health professionals, including physiotherapists, must have the skills to create professional interaction plans that permit a better quality of life for consultants. Clinical simulation can be a pedagogic setting that facilitates in students adequate training to acquire skills that improve professional reasoning in this clinical situation. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of clinical simulation with simulated patient (SP) versus simulation with role playing (RP) in physiotherapy students for decision-making in clinical skills while caring for a person with LBP. Methods. Experimental study, with 42 participants from two Colombian universities, randomized into two groups (SP n = 21, RP n = 21). The clinical skill was evaluated during the interaction with a person with LBP for which the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE-ML) was validated for individuals with low back pain; thereafter, a pedagogical method was conducted that included clinical simulation and, finally, the OSCE-ML was applied again to compare both groups. Results. Changes occurred in the OSCE-ML among both groups of students: the scores increased (0.66 and 0.59 in RP and SP, respectively), and neither of the two was superior (difference 0.01 95%CI -0.21 to 0.23). Conclusion. Both types of simulation favour decision-making in professional reasoning in physiotherapy students during interaction with individuals with LBP. Trial Registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04428892 Identifying number: NCT04428892. Retrospectively registered.
Confirmed or Unconfirmed Cases of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia in Italian Patients: A Retrospective Analysis of Clinical Features
Authors: De Angelis Giulia , Posteraro Brunella , Biscetti Federico , Ianiro Gianluca , Verme Lorenzo Zileri Dal , Cattani Paola , Franceschi Francesco , Sanguinetti Maurizio , Gasbarrini Antonio 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study was aimed to compare clinical features of 165 Italian patients with laboratory confirmed or unconfirmed 2019-nCoV (also termed SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia. On March 31 2020, hospitalized patients who presented with fever and/or respiratory symptoms, exposures, and presence of lung imaging features consistent with 2019-nCoV pneumonia, were included. Before admission to a hospital ward, patients underwent RT-PCR based SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in their nasopharyngeal swab samples. Of 165 patients studied, 119 had positive RT-PCR results and 46 were RT-PCR negative for two days or longer (i.e., when the last swab sample was obtained). The median age was 70 years (IQR, 58–78), and 123 (74.6%) of 165 patients had at least one comorbidity. The majority of patients (101/165, 61.2%) had a mild pneumonia, and the remaining patients (64/165, 38.8%) a severe/critical pneumonia. We did not find any substantial difference in symptoms, incubation periods, and radiographic/CT abnormalities as well as in many of the biological abnormalities recorded. However, at multivariable analysis, higher concentrations of hemoglobin (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.11‒1.65; P = 0.003) and lactate dehydrogenase (OR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.99‒1.01; P = 0.05), and lower counts of leukocytes (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.72‒0.90; P <0.001) were independently associated with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis. While mortality rates were similar, patients with confirmed diagnosis were more likely to receive antivirals (95% vs 19.6%, P <0.001) and to develop ARDS (63% vs 37%, P = 0.003) than those with unconfirmed COVID-19 diagnosis. In conclusion, our findings suggest that unconfirmed 2019-nCoV pneumonia cases may be actually COVID-19 cases and that clinicians should be cautious when managing patients with presentations compatible with COVID-19.
Establishment of an immune-related gene pairs model to predict colon adenocarcinoma prognosis
Authors: Luo Jihang , Liu Puyu , Wang Leibo , Huang Yi , Wang Yuanyan , Geng Wenjing , Chen Duo , Bai Yuju , Yang Ze 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background. Colon cancer is the most common type of gastrointestinal cancer and has high morbidity and mortality. Colon adenocarcinoma(COAD) is the main pathological type of colon cancer. There is a lot of evidence describing the correlation between the prognosis of COAD and the immune system. The objective of the current study was the development of a robust prognostic immune-related gene pairs (IRGPs) model for estimating overall survival of COAD. Methods. The gene expression profiles and clinical information of patients with colon adenocarcinoma come from TCGA and GEO databases and are divided into training and validation cohorts. Immune genes were selected which show significantly association with prognosis. Results. Among 1647 immune genes, a 17 IRGPs model was built which was significantly associated with OS in the training cohort. In the training and validation data set, the IRGPs model divided patients into high-risk groups and low-risk groups, and the prognosis of the high-risk group was significantly worse(P＜0.001). Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis confirmed the feasibility of this model. Functional analysis confirmed that multiple tumor progression and stem cell growth-related pathways in high-risk groups were up-regulated. T cells regulatory and Macrophage M0 were significantly highly expressed in the high-risk group. Conclusion. We successfully constructed an IRGPs model that can predict the prognosis of COAD, which provides new insights into the treatment strategy of COAD.
Unveiling the SEI Formation in a Potassium Ion Battery Using Distribution of Relaxation Time
Authors: Chen Yuhui , Sheng Chuanchao , Yu Fengjiao , Li Chunmei , Zhang Heng , Huang Jun , Wu Yuping , Armand Michel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Understanding of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation process in novel battery systems is of primary importance. Alongside increasing powerful in-situ techniques, searching for readily-accessible, non-invasive, and low-cost tools to probe battery chemistry is highly demanded. Here, we applied distribution of relaxation time (DRT) analysis to interpret in-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results during cycling, which is able to distinguish various electrochemical processes based on their time constants. By building direct link between SEI layer and the cell performances, it allows us track the formation and evolution process of SEI layer, diagnose the failure of cell, and unveil the reaction mechanism. For instance, in a K-ion cell using SnS2/N-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO) composite electrode, we found that the ion-transport in the electrolyte phase is the main reason of cell deterioration. In the electrolyte with potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (KFSI), the porous structure of the composite electrode was reinforced by rapid formation of a robust SEI layer at SnS2/electrolyte interface and thus the KFSI-based cell delivers a high capacity and good cycleability. This method lowers the barrier of in-situ EIS analysis, and helps public researchers to explore high-performance electrode materials.
Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Power Generation Technology and its Challenges
Authors: Li Hao , Zhang Ruiyun , Lu Chengzhuang , Cheng Jian , Xu Shisen , Yang Guanjun , Huang Hua 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
As a clean and efficient power generation device, molten carbonate fuel cell(MCFC)can directly convert chemical energy into electrical energy at the operating temperature of 650 degrees, avoiding the heat loss caused by the Carnot cycle, and effectively reducing the emission of CO2 and other pollutants. This paper introduces the background, basic principle, system design and current situation of fused carbonate fuel cell at home and abroad, and explains the technical problems that molten carbonate power generation technology is facing. At the same time, the cost of the molten carbonate power generation system is analyzed, and the present cost and the cost after industrialization are compared and evaluated to provide a reference for the economy of the molten carbonate fuel cell power generation system.
The Waveform Inversion of Mainshock and Aftershock Data of the 2006 M6.3 Yogyakarta Earthquake
Authors: Saputra Hijrah , Wahyudi Wahyudi , Suardi Iman , Suryanto Wiwit 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This research was examines the focal mechanism associated with the mainshock and three aftershocks of the magnitude 6.3 Yogyakarta earthquake on May 27, 2006. This study, therefore, aims to provide a cleareranswer on the source mechanism of the earthquake, which has been debated. Data were obtained from the mainshock and aftershock sources, on June 8, 9, and 16, 2006. The mainshock and three aftershocks were used to conduct waveform inversion by calculating the Green's functions through the extended reflectivity method of the near-field and the far-field signal component. The mainshock's focal mechanism has a strike, dip, and range angle of 243.40o, 77.50o, and -28.30o, respectively.Furthermore, the mainshock is not a pure strike-slip as previously hypothesized. The focal mechanism for the aftershock earthquake source on Mw 4.4, obtained on June 8, had a strike, dip, rake, and variance of 192.20o, 29.70o, -48.30o and 0.22, respectively. This aftershock had a different segment from the mainshock event and those obtained on the 9 and 16 of June with the same type of faulting as the mainshock with variance values of 0.195 and 0.243. These results showed that the mainshock of May 27, 2006, activated the aftershock on June 8, with a different type of fault.
A Phase 2 Study of Combined Chemo-Immunotherapy with Cisplatin-Pembrolizumab and Radiation for Unresectable Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Yeku Oladapo , Russo Andrea L , Lee Hang , Spriggs David 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Unresectable or metastatic vulva cancer has relatively poor outcomes despite chemotherapy-sensitized radiation therapy and combination cytotoxic therapy. Despite the virus-associated and immunogenic nature of this disease, novel immunotherapy options that exploit this advantage are currently lacking. Platinum agents such as cisplatin have been shown to prime dendritic cells for T-cell costimulation, promote downregulation of inhibitory checkpoint molecules, and sensitize tumor cells to cytotoxic T-cell killing. Radiation therapy has also been shown to promote immunogenetic cell death as monotherapy and in combination with cisplatin. In combination with pembrolizumab, cisplatin-sensitized radiation is hypothesized to increase overall response rates and recurrence-free survival in patients with vulva cancer, via induction of an anti-tumor inflammatory response.Methods: We propose a single-arm phase II clinical trial of pembrolizumab combined with cisplatin-sensitized radiation therapy for women with unresectable, locally advanced, or metastatic vulva cancer. The first three patients with locally advanced or unresectable disease will receive cycle 1 of pembrolizumab followed by a break and resumption of pembrolizumab at cycle 4 and as part of a safety cohort. All other patients, including the fourth patient with locally advanced/unresectable disease, will receive weekly cisplatin and pembrolizumab every 3 weeks, concurrently with daily radiation therapy. Following the completion of Cis-RT, patients will continue pembrolizumab maintenance for a total of 12 cycles. Archived tissue will be used for HPV status, MSI status, PD-L1, and TIL stratification post-hoc. Imaging will be performed at baseline and every 3 cycles (21-day cycles) as per standard-of-care. Laboratory analysis will occur on the first day of each cycle. Discussion: The combination of cisplatin-sensitized radiation and immune checkpoint blockade has not been evaluated in the upfront setting for vulvar cancer. In this rare malignancy, there are limited interventional clinical trials. This trial is designed to be as accessible as possible by allowing patients to receive cisplatin and radiation locally according to accepted standard-of-care while receiving pembrolizumab and adverse event monitoring at a centralized site. A robust suite of translational correlative studies has also been built into the trial to evaluate tumor-directed immune activation. Trial registration: NCT04430699
Coronavirus Pandemic: Opportunities or Challenges for Energy Transition?
Authors: Cui Lianbiao , Zhang Xiaobing , Duan Hongbo , Zhu Lei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic greatly shocked the global energy market, which could be clearly demonstrated by the recent collapse in crude oil prices. Using a dynamic multi-regional computable general equilibrium model, we explored the influences of the COVID-19 pandemic on energy production and consumption. The associated impacts on the macroeconomy as well as on carbon emissions are also examined. The results of this paper indicate dramatic negative shocks of the COVID-19 pandemic to energy consumption at both global and national levels, particularly for oil and oil products. However, the energy transition to renewables will be paused, as other non-oil fossil fuels can still play significant roles in economic activity. The epidemic may also temporarily terminate the more than ten-year increasing trend of the world’s total CO2 emissions, despite its limited contribution to the mitigation of global warming. However, there are still many opportunities worthy of use to promote short- or mid-term low-carbon energy transitions.
Advantage of pars plana vitrectomy combined with penetrating keratoplasty and transscleral-sutured intraocular lens implantation in complex eyes: a case series
Authors: Hayashi Takahiko , Ida Yasutsugu , Shimizu Toshiki , Kuroki Tsubasa , Kobashigawa Yuji , Iijima Yasuhito , Yuda Kentaro 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) and transscleral-sutured intraocular lens (IOL) implantation (IOL-suture) in complex eyes.

Methods In this prospective, consecutive interventional case series, patients who underwent PKP combined with PPV and IOL implantation from July 2014 to Mar 2017 at Yokohama Minami Kyosai Hospital were enrolled. The postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (converted to logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution [logMAR] units), intraocular pressure (IOP, mmHg), endothelial cell density (ECD, cells/mm2), graft survival, complications, astigmatism, and spherical equivalent (dioptres [D]) were evaluated.

Results This study included 11 eyes of 11 patients (three females and eight males; mean age, 61.8 ± 13.9 years) with an injury (n = 6) or bullous keratopathy (n = 5). The BCVA significantly improved from 1.50 ± 0.66 logMAR preoperatively to 0.78 ± 0.59 logMAR (p < 0.001) postoperatively. The baseline ECD significantly decreased from 2396 ± 238 cells/mm2 preoperatively to 1132 ± 323 cells/mm2 (p < 0.001) postoperatively. Despite two rejection episodes, graft survival rates were 100%. The mean follow-up period was 38.0 ± 20.5 months. Two patients required combined glaucoma surgery, and three patients underwent subsequent glaucoma surgery. Postoperative astigmatism and the spherical equivalent were 3.9 ± 3.2 D and 0.29 ± 2.18 D, respectively.

Conclusion The combination of PKP, PPV, and IOL-suture implantation could be a safe and effective approach for eyes requiring anterior segment surgery; however, these eyes are associated with a higher incidence of glaucoma surgery.
Musculo-skeletal phenotype of Costello syndrome and cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome: insights on the functional assessment status
Authors: Leoni Chiara , Romeo Domenico M , Michele Pelliccioni , Mariangela Di Già , Roberta Onesimo , Valentina Giorgio , Elisabetta Flex , Tartaglia Marco , Rigante Donato , Valassina Antonio , Zampino Giuseppe 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BackgroundCostello syndrome (CS) and cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome (CFCS) belong to the RASopathies, a group of neurodevelopmental disorders with skeletal anomalies as associated features. Due to their rarity, the characterization of the musculo-skeletal phenotype in both CS and CFCS has been poorly characterized compared to other RASopathies. Patients and methodsHerein we assessed a thorough evaluation of orthopedic findings in CS and CFCS in a monocentric cohort of patients, including information about their functional status. A total of 34 patients with molecularly confirmed diagnosis of CS (N=17) and CFCS (N=17) were recruited. Data on orthopedic findings were collected by filling in a comprehensive checklist of 100 items assessment. Functional and disability evaluations were performed by assessing the 6-minute walking test (6MWT) in patients with independent walking and Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI). Genotype/phenotype correlations were assessed taking into account available data in the literature. ResultsOrthopedic manifestations are highly prevalent in CS and CFCS, and do overlap in the two disorders. Overall, patients with CS harboring the recurrent HRAS Gly12Ser substitution show a more severe skeletal phenotype compared to patients carrying the Gly12Ala and Gly13Cys variants. Among CFCS patients, those with MAP2K1/2 mutations show different skeletal characteristics compared to BRAF variants, with a higher prevalence of orthopedic abnormalities. Generalized muscular hypotrophy is detected in most recruited patients. Functional assessment demonstrates that patients with CS and CFCS reach lower values compared to the general population with CFCS patients showing the lowest scores.ConclusionsOrthopedic manifestations appear universal features of CS and CFCS and they can evolve along patients’ life. Longitudinal assessment of disability status by using 6MWT and PODCI could be useful to evaluate the functional impact of orthopedic and neurological manifestations on patients’ outcome, and help monitoring planning a tailored treatment of these comorbidities.
The Inhibitor of DNA Binding Family Regulates the Prognosis of Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Zhou Quan , Mei Ye-dong Mei , Huai-jie Yang , Ya-ling Tao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The inhibitor of DNA binding or differentiation (ID) protein family contributes to the carcinogenesis and progression of various cancers. However, its mechanistic role in tumor initiation and progression of ovarian cancer (OC) has remained unclear. Methods: We used the Oncomine, GEPIA, Kaplan-Meier plotter, cBioPortal, SurvExpress, PROGgene V2 server, TIMERdatabase, and FunRich to evaluate the expression and predictive prognostic value of individual IDs members’ mRNA in patients with OC. Results: Our results revealed that the mRNA transcripts of all ID family members were markedly downregulated in OC compared to normal tissue. Aberrant expression of ID 1/3/4correlated with cancer aggressiveness and clinical in OC patients. The prognostic value of ID members was also explored within the subtypes, pathological stages, clinical stages, and TP53 mutational status. The group with a low risk IDs showed a relatively good overall survival (OS) in comparison to the high-risk group. In contrast, the expression level of IDs was significantly associated with the levels of inﬁltrating B cells and macrophages. Finally, enrichment analysis showed that ID co-expressed genes were involved in ID-, c-MYC, TNF-, and Wnt signaling pathways. Conclusion: These results indicate that ID1/3/4 may be exploited as promising prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in OC patients.