bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
People with learning disabilities and access to mainstream arts and culture: A participatory action research approach
Authors: Gratton Nicola 
Published: December 2019

Accessible summary

Ten people with learning disabilities were trained to work with a university to carry out research about people with learning disabilities, arts and culture.

They spoke to 82 people with learning disabilities to find out what gets in the way of attending arts and culture activities.

The research found that transport, cost and needing support often got in the way of people being able to go to activities and people needed to feel safe and welcomed when they attend an arts and culture activity.

It was found that including more people with learning disabilities in making decisions about art and culture could help more people attend activities. It was also found that involving more people with learning disabilities in training people who work in arts and culture could help people feel safe when they go to activities.

AbstractBackgroundArts and culture have proven benefits. However, access to arts and culture is not consistent. For people with learning disabilities, arts and culture are often considered therapeutic activities, and therefore, the needs of people with learning disabilities in accessing mainstream arts and culture are often overlooked. This research explores how people with learning disabilities experience culture, the barriers they experience in accessing it and how cultural sector organisations can improve access to their activities and events.MethodsA participatory action research approach was adopted for the study. Interviews and focus groups were conducted. The findings were analysed and resulting themes discussed with the peer research team. The group codelivered a workshop aimed at representatives from the cultural sector to share their findings.ResultsThe results from the focus groups and interviews indicated that for people with learning disabilities, community is central to their experience of arts and culture. The study found that transport, cost and needing support to attend cultural activities were barriers to access, whereas consideration of physical access and “emotional access” needs improved access for people with learning disabilities. Recommendations include improved consultation with people with learning disabilities about cultural opportunities and the formation of cocreated training delivered with people with learning disabilities to support cultural sector staff to offer a warm and safe environment.ConclusionsThe findings from the study provided useful learning for cultural sector organisations. However, both the findings of the research and the process of participatory action research were noted as being significant for how the cultural sector can build an ethos of inclusivity to ensure their offer is relevant and accessible to people with learning disabilities.
Cardiovascular shunting in vertebrates: a practical integration of competing hypotheses
Authors: Burggren Warren , Filogonio Renato , Wang Tobias 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTThis review explores the long‐standing question: ‘Why do cardiovascular shunts occur?’ An historical perspective is provided on previous research into cardiac shunts in vertebrates that continues to shape current views. Cardiac shunts and when they occur is then described for vertebrates. Nearly 20 different functional reasons have been proposed as specific causes of shunts, ranging from energy conservation to improved gas exchange, and including a plethora of functions related to thermoregulation, digestion and haemodynamics. It has even been suggested that shunts are merely an evolutionary or developmental relic. Having considered the various hypotheses involving cardiovascular shunting in vertebrates, this review then takes a non‐traditional approach. Rather than attempting to identify the single ‘correct’ reason for the occurrence of shunts, we advance a more holistic, integrative approach that embraces multiple, non‐exclusive suites of proposed causes for shunts, and indicates how these varied functions might at least co‐exist, if not actually support each other as shunts serve multiple, concurrent physiological functions. It is argued that deposing the ‘monolithic’ view of shunting leads to a more nuanced view of vertebrate cardiovascular systems. This review concludes by suggesting new paradigms for testing the function(s) of shunts, including experimentally placing organ systems into conflict in terms of their perfusion needs, reducing sources of variation in physiological experiments, measuring possible compensatory responses to shunt ablation, moving experiments from the laboratory to the field, and using cladistics‐related approaches in the choice of experimental animals.
Chemical chaperones reverse early suppression of regulatory circuits during unfolded protein response in B cells from common variable immunodeficiency patients
Authors: Bhatt D , Stan R C , Pinhata R , Machado M , Maity S , Cunningham-Rundles C , Vogel C , de Camargo M M 
Published: December 2019

SummaryB cells orchestrate pro-survival and pro-apoptotic inputs during unfolded protein response (UPR) to translate, fold, sort, secrete and recycle immunoglobulins. In common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients, activated B cells are predisposed to an overload of abnormally processed, misfolded immunoglobulins. Using highly accurate transcript measurements, we show that expression of UPR genes and immunoglobulin chains differs qualitatively and quantitatively during the first 4 h of chemically induced UPR in B cells from CVID patients and a healthy subject. We tested thapsigargin or tunicamycin as stressors and 4-phenylbutyrate, dimethyl sulfoxide and tauroursodeoxycholic acid as chemical chaperones. We found an early and robust decrease of the UPR upon endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in CVID patient cells compared to the healthy control consistent with the disease phenotype. The chemical chaperones increased the UPR in the CVID patient cells in response to the stressors, suggesting that misfolded immunoglobulins were stabilized. We suggest that the AMP-dependent transcription factor alpha branch of the UPR is disturbed in CVID patients, underlying the observed expression behavior.
Heart rate and early progression of cardiac allograft vasculopathy: A prospective study using highly automated 3‐D optical coherence tomography analysis
Authors: Pazdernik Michal , Wichterle Dan , Chen Zhi , Bedanova Helena , Kautzner Josef , Melenovsky Vojtech , Karmazin Vladimir , Malek Ivan , Stiavnicky Peter , Tomasek Ales , Ozabalova Eva , Krejci Jan , Wahle Andreas , Zhang Honghai , Kovarnik Tomas , Sonka Milan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionHeart rate slowing agents are frequently prescribed to manage heart transplant (HTx) patients with the assumption that higher heart rate is a risk factor in cardiovascular disease.Patients and MethodsThis prospective two‐center study investigated early progression of cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) in 116 HTx patients. Examinations by coronary optical coherence tomography and 24‐hour ambulatory ECG monitoring were performed both at baseline (1 month after HTx) and during follow‐up (12 months after HTx).ResultsDuring the first post‐HTx year, we observed a significant reduction in the mean coronary luminal area from 9.0 ± 2.5 to 8.0 ± 2.4 mm2 (P < .001), and progression in mean intimal thickness (IT) from 106.5 ± 40.4 to 130.1 ± 53.0 µm (P < .001). No significant relationship was observed between baseline and follow‐up mean heart rates and IT progression (R = .02, P = .83; R = −.13, P = .18). We found a mild inverse association between beta‐blocker dosage at 12 months and IT progression (R = −.20, P = .035).ConclusionOur study did not confirm a direct association between mean heart rate and progression of CAV. The role of beta blockers warrants further investigation, with our results indicating that they may play a protective role in early CAV development.
Clinical outcomes of sedation during emergency endoscopic band ligation for variceal bleeding: Multicenter cohort study
Authors: Park Chan Hyuk , Park Se Woo , Jung Jang Han , Kim Gyeong Guk , Choi Se Young , Kim Eun Sun , In Dong Hyun , Kim Hong Deok 
Published: December 2019

Background and AimsFew studies have directly compared the efficacy of sedated‐ and un‐sedated endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) for acute variceal bleeding. We aimed to determine whether sedation during EVL in patients with variceal bleeding is safe and effective.MethodsWe analyzed data from patients who underwent EVL for acute variceal bleeding according to sedation in six hospitals of Hallym University Medical Center. The primary endpoint was treatment failure, defined as a failure to control bleeding, death during EVL, or rebleeding within 5 days. Secondary endpoints included the procedure time, adverse events, and 30‐day mortality.ResultsOf 1,300 patients who were included, only 430 (33.1%) received sedation during EVL. Propofol alone was used for sedation in 85% of sedated‐EVLs. The mean procedure time in the sedation group was shorter than that of the non‐sedation group (12.4 ± 9.5 min versus 13.8 ± 9.4 min, P = 0.010). The proportion of treatment failure did not differ between the groups (7.4% versus 9.1%, P = 0.374). In the multivariable analysis, an AIMS65 score ≥2 and blood transfusion within 72 hours were associated with treatment failure of EVL; however, the use of sedation was not (odds ratio [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 0.96 [0.60–1.51]). Adverse events during EVL and hepatic encephalopathy did not differ between the two groups. Sedation also did not affect the 30‐day mortality (hazard ratio [95% CI] = 0.99 [0.66–1.47]).ConclusionSedation reduced the procedure time of EVL. Sedation is safe to use during EVL for variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis.
Retracted: Increasing connectivity of Great Lakes tributaries: Interspecific and intraspecific effects on resident brook trout and brown trout populations
Authors: Zorn Troy G. , Hessenauer Jan‐Michael , Wills Todd C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe above article from the Ecology of Freshwater Fish, published online on 20 December 2019 in Wiley Online Library (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/eff.12527), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor‐in‐Chief; the symposium editor, Phaedra Budy; and the author, Troy Zorn. The retraction has been made due to a mistake in the classification (accessible vs. landlocked) of one of the survey locations in Table 1, which affected the accuracy of other analyses in the article.
First report of 16Sr II‐C subgroup phytoplasma association with Acacia mangium in Tripura, India
Authors: Rao Govind Pratap , Bahadur Amar , Das Sukhen Chandra , Ranebennur Hemavati , Mitra Surabhi , Kumar Manish , Kumar Shailender 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLeaf yellowing symptoms were observed on Acacia mangium in the Sipahijala district of Tripura, India, during June 2017. Symptomatic and asymptomatic leaf samples (three of each) were collected from roadside trees of A. mangium for DNA extraction using the CTAB method. Amplicons of ~1.25 kb and ~480 bp were detected in all the symptomatic samples using the phytoplasma‐specific universal 16S rRNA and secA gene primers. Pair wise sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, virtual RFLP and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the phytoplasma strain associated with A. mangium belonged to phytoplasma subgroup 16SrII‐C. This is the first report of an association between the 16SrII‐C subgroup and A. mangium leaf yellowing.
Epileptogenicity in tuberous sclerosis complex: A stereoelectroencephalographic study
Authors: Neal Andrew , Ostrowsky‐Coste Karine , Jung Julien , Lagarde Stanislas , Maillard Louis , Kahane Philippe , Touraine Renaud , Catenoix Helene , Montavont Alexandra , Isnard Jean , Arzimanoglou Alexis , Bartolomei Fabrice , Guenot Marc , Rheims Sylvain 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveIn tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)‐associated drug‐resistant epilepsy, the optimal invasive electroencephalographic (EEG) and operative approach remains unclear. We examined the role of stereo‐EEG in TSC and used stereo‐EEG data to investigate tuber and surrounding cortex epileptogenicity.MethodsWe analyzed 18 patients with TSC who underwent stereo‐EEG (seven adults). One hundred ten seizures were analyzed with the epileptogenicity index (EI). In 13 patients with adequate tuber sampling, five anatomical regions of interest (ROIs) were defined: dominant tuber (tuber with highest median EI), perituber cortex, secondary tuber (tuber with second highest median EI), nearby cortex (normal‐appearing cortex in the same lobe as dominant tuber), and distant cortex (in other lobes). At the seizure level, epileptogenicity of ROIs was examined by comparing the highest EI recorded within each anatomical region. At the patient level, epileptogenic zone (EZ) organization was separated into focal tuber (EZ confined to dominant tuber) and complex (all other patterns).ResultsThe most epileptogenic ROI was the dominant tuber, with higher EI than perituber cortex, secondary tuber, nearby cortex, and distant cortex (P < .001). A focal tuber EZ organization was identified in seven patients. This group had 80% Engel IA postsurgical outcome and distinct dominant tuber characteristics: continuous interictal discharges (IEDs; 100%), fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hypointense center (86%), center‐to‐rim EI gradient, and stimulation‐induced seizures (71%). In contrast, six patients had a complex EZ organization, characterized by nearby cortex as the most epileptogenic region and 40% Engel IA outcome. At the intratuber level, the combination of FLAIR hypointense center, continuous IEDs, and stimulation‐induced seizures offered 98% specificity for a focal tuber EZ organization.SignificanceTubers with focal EZ organization have a striking similarity to type II focal cortical dysplasia. The presence of distinct EZ organizations has significant implications for EZ hypothesis generation, invasive EEG approach, and resection strategy.
Tree growth influenced by warming winter climate and summer moisture availability in northern temperate forests
Authors: Harvey Jill E. , Smiljanić Marko , Scharnweber Tobias , Buras Allan , Cedro Anna , Cruz‐García Roberto , Drobyshev Igor , Janecka Karolina , Jansons Āris , Kaczka Ryszard , Klisz Marcin , Läänelaid Alar , Matisons Roberts , Muffler Lena , Sohar Kristina , Spyt Barbara , Stolz Juliane , van der Maaten Ernst , van der Maaten‐Theunissen Marieke , Vitas Adomas , Weigel Robert , Kreyling Jürgen , Wilmking Martin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe role of future forests in global biogeochemical cycles will depend on how different tree species respond to climate. Interpreting the response of forest growth to climate change requires an understanding of the temporal and spatial patterns of seasonal climatic influences on the growth of common tree species. We constructed a new network of 310 tree‐ring width chronologies from three common tree species (Quercus robur, Pinus sylvestris and Fagus sylvatica) collected for different ecological, management and climate purposes in the south Baltic Sea region at the border of three bioclimatic zones (temperate continental, oceanic, southern boreal). The major climate factors (temperature, precipitation, drought) affecting tree growth at monthly and seasonal scales were identified. Our analysis documents that 20th century Scots pine and deciduous species growth is generally controlled by different climate parameters, and that summer moisture availability is increasingly important for the growth of deciduous species examined. We report changes in the influence of winter climate variables over the last decades, where a decreasing influence of late winter temperature on deciduous tree growth and an increasing influence of winter temperature on Scots pine growth was found. By comparing climate–growth responses for the 1943–1972 and 1973–2002 periods and characterizing site‐level growth response stability, a descriptive application of spatial segregation analysis distinguished sites with stable responses to dominant climate parameters (northeast of the study region), and sites that collectively showed unstable responses to winter climate (southeast of the study region). The findings presented here highlight the temporally unstable and nonuniform responses of tree growth to climate variability, and that there are geographical coherent regions where these changes are similar. Considering continued climate change in the future, our results provide important regional perspectives on recent broad‐scale climate–growth relationships for trees across the temperate to boreal forest transition around the south Baltic Sea.
Global‐scale species distributions predict temperature‐related changes in species composition of rocky shore communities in Britain
Authors: Burrows Michael T. , Hawkins Stephen J. , Moore J. Jon , Adams Leoni , Sugden Heather , Firth Louise , Mieszkowska Nova 
Published: December 2019

AbstractChanges in rocky shore community composition as responses to climatic fluctuations and anthropogenic warming can be shown by changes in average species thermal affinities. In this study, we derived thermal affinities for European Atlantic rocky intertidal species by matching their known distributions to patterns in average annual sea surface temperature. Average thermal affinities (the Community Temperature Index, CTI) tracked patterns in sea surface temperature from Portugal to Norway, but CTI for communities of macroalgae and plant species changed less than those composed of animal species. This reduced response was in line with the expectation that communities with a smaller range of thermal affinities among species would change less in composition along thermal gradients and over time. Local‐scale patterns in CTI over wave exposure gradients suggested that canopy macroalgae allow species with ranges centred in cooler than local temperatures (‘cold‐affinity’) to persist in otherwise too‐warm conditions. In annual surveys of rocky shores, communities of animal species in Shetland showed a shift in dominance towards warm‐affinity species (‘thermophilization’) with local warming from 1980 to 2018 but the community of plant and macroalgal species did not. From 2002 to 2018, communities in southwest Britain showed the reverse trend in CTI: declining average thermal affinities over a period of modest temperature decline. Despite the cooling, trends in species abundance were in line with the general mechanism of direction and magnitude of long‐term trends depending on the difference between species thermal affinities and local temperatures. Cold‐affinity species increased during cooling and warm‐affinity ones decreased. The consistency of responses across different communities and with general expectations based on species thermal characteristics suggests strong predictive accuracy of responses of community composition to anthropogenic warming.
Reflection in practice: How can patient experience feedback trigger staff reflection in hospital acute care settings?
Authors: Jones Jennifer , Bion Julian , Brown Celia , Willars Janet , Brookes Olivia , Tarrant Carolyn ,   the PEARL collaboration
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatient and staff experiences provide important insights into care quality, but health systems have difficulty using these data to improve care. Little attention has been paid to understanding how patient experience feedback can act as a prompt to reflection in practice in the clinical setting.ObjectiveWe aimed to identify the ways in which different types of patient experience feedback act as a trigger or prompt for engagement in reflection in clinical practice in acute hospital settings and identify important considerations for enhancing the value of patient experience data for reflective learning.MethodsWe conducted an ethnographic study in eight acute care units in three NHS hospital trusts in England, including 140 hours of observations and 45 semi‐structured interviews with nursing, medical and managerial staff working in acute medical units and intensive care units. The data were analysed thematically.FindingsWe distinguished between formal patient experience data sources: data purposively collected and collated to capture the patient experience of care, generally at organizational level, including surveys, complaints and comments; and informal sources of feedback on the patient experience recognized by staff alongside the formal data. We also identified patient narratives as an ‘in between’ source of data. The impact of different types of patient feedback in triggering reflection primarily depended on the extent to which the feedback was experienced as personally relevant, meaningful and emotionally salient.DiscussionPatient experience feedback is multi‐faceted, but our study suggests that all types of feedback could be harnessed more effectively to prompt reflection.
Patterns of presentation and survival of HIV‐infected patients admitted to a tertiary‐level intensive care unit
Authors: Maphula RW , Laher AE , Richards GA 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesCompared to other countires internationally, South Africa has the largest number of people living with HIV. There are limited data in developing countries on the outcomes of HIV‐infected patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). The objectives of this study were to describe the pattern of presentation of these patients and to determine factors that may influence survival to ICU discharge.MethodsThe medical charts of 204 consecutive HIV‐infected individuals who were admitted to the Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital adult general ICU during the calendar year 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Relevant data were subjected to univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsTwo‐hundred and four (22.6%) out of a total of 903 patients who were admitted to the ICU were HIV positive. Sepsis‐related illnesses were the most common reason for ICU admission (n = 95; 46.6%), followed by post‐operative care (n = 69; 33.8%) and non‐sepsis‐related illnesses (n = 40; 19.6%). The median length of stay in the ICU was 5 (interquartile range 2–9) days. ICU mortality was 33.3% (n = 68). On univariate analysis, age (P = 0.039), length of stay in the ICU (P = 0.040), primary diagnostic category (P < 0.05), sepsis acquired during the ICU stay (P = 0.012), inotrope/vasopressor administration (P < 0.001), mechanical ventilation (P < 0.001), haemodialysis (P = 0.001), CD4 cell count (P = 0.011), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Assessment (APACHE) II score (P < 0.001) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with mortality.ConclusionsAge, diagnostic category, sepsis acquired during the ICU stay, inotrope/vasopressor administration, mechanical ventilation, haemodialysis, CD4 cell count, APACHE II score, SOFA score and length of ICU stay were associated with ICU mortality in HIV‐infected patients.
STICKY PRICES AND COSTLY CREDIT
Authors: Wang Liang , Wright Randall , Liu Lucy Qian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe develop a theory of money and credit as competing payment instruments, then put it to work in applications. Agents use cash and credit because the former (latter) is subject to the inflation tax (transaction costs). Frictions that make the choice of payment method interesting also imply equilibrium price dispersion. We derive closed‐form solutions for money demand, and show how to simultaneously account for the price‐change facts, cash–credit shares in micro data, and money‐interest correlations in macro data. The effects of inflation on welfare, price dispersion and markups are discussed, as are nonstationary equilibria with dynamics in the price distribution.