bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges and opportunities for China entering global research and development for emerging infectious diseases: a case study from Ebola experience
Authors: Li Chao , Chen Jing-Yi , Huang Yang-Mu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundChina has emerged as a powerful platform for global pharmaceutical research and development (R&D) amid the 2014 Ebola outbreak. The research and development impact of developing countries on prevention and control of infectious disease outbreaks has long been underestimated, particularly for emerging economies like China. Here, we studied its research and development progress and government support in response to Ebola outbreak by timeline, input, and output at each research and development stage. This study will contribute to a deeper understanding of the research and development gaps and challenges faced by China, as well as providing evidence-based suggestions on how to accelerate the drug development process to meet urgent needs during future outbreaks.MethodsData were obtained from the National Nature Science Foundation of China database, PubMed database, Patent Search System of the State Intellectual Property Office of China, National Medical Products Administration, national policy reports and literature between Jan 1st, 2006 and Dec 31st, 2017. An overview of research funding, research output, pharmaceutical product patent, and product licensed was described and analyzed by Microsoft Excel. A descriptive analysis with a visualization of plotting charts and graphs was conducted by reporting the mean ± standard deviation.ResultsChina has successfully completed the research and development of the Ebola Ad5-EBOV vaccine within 26 months, while the preparation and implementation of clinical trials took relative long time. The National Nature Science Foundation of China funded CNY 44.05 million (USD 6.27 million) for Ebola-related researches and committed strongly to the phase of basic research (87.8%). A proliferation of literature arose between 2014 and 2015, with a 1.7-fold increase in drug research and a 2.5-fold increase in diagnostic research within 1 year. Three years on from the Ebola outbreak, six Ebola-related products in China were approved by the National Medical Products Administration.ConclusionsChina has started to emphasize the importance of medical product innovation as one of the solutions for tackling emerging infectious diseases. Continuing research on the development of regulatory and market incentives, as well as a multilateral collaboration mechanism that unifies cross-channel supports, would advance the process for China to enter global R&D market more effectively.
Current landscape and influence of big data on finance
Authors: Hasan Md. Morshadul , Popp József , Oláh Judit 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBig data is one of the most recent business and technical issues in the age of technology. Hundreds of millions of events occur every day. The financial field is deeply involved in the calculation of big data events. As a result, hundreds of millions of financial transactions occur in the financial world each day. Therefore, financial practitioners and analysts consider it an emerging issue of the data management and analytics of different financial products and services. Also, big data has significant impacts on financial products and services. Therefore, identifying the financial issues where big data has a significant influence is also an important issue to explore with the influences. Based on these concepts, the objective of this paper was to show the current landscape of finance dealing with big data, and also to show how big data influences different financial sectors, more specifically, its impact on financial markets, financial institutions, and the relationship with internet finance, financial management, internet credit service companies, fraud detection, risk analysis, financial application management, and so on. The connection between big data and financial-related components will be revealed in an exploratory literature review of secondary data sources. Since big data in the financial field is an extremely new concept, future research directions will be pointed out at the end of this study.
Bayesian hierarchical analyses for entrepreneurial intention of students
Authors: Ayalew Mesfin Mulu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn recent years, entrepreneurship has become an important issue due to national economic development and the contribution of society. Data with a hierarchical structure received more attention and occur frequently in social science, public health and epidemiological researches. In such research, binary outcomes are common. Multilevel logistic regression models allow one to account for the clustering of subjects within clusters of higher-level units when estimating the effect of subject and cluster characteristics on subject outcomes. Traditional logistic regression is inappropriate when data are hierarchically structured. Therefore, this study presents multi-level Bayesian logistic analysis for entrepreneurial intention of students using classical and Bayesian approach. The descriptive result revealed that about 57.4% of the students had an entrepreneurial intention while 42.6% do not have an intention. The results also showed that entrepreneurial education/training and entrepreneurial attitudes significantly predicts students’ entrepreneurial intention at 5% level of significance. The model results indicate that the effects of the selected variable on entrepreneurial intention vary across university. By failing to take into account the clustering within university (level 2), Bayesian multilevel effects are not taken into consideration in modeling, the β coefficients in multilevel logistic model using classical approach are distorted somewhat in both directions either in over or under direction. This study also evaluates and compares the behavior of maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimators to investigate the relationship between covariates and the response. Both point and interval estimation performances were investigated. The results revealed that lower standard errors of the estimated coefficients in the Bayesian logistic regression approach as compared to classical approach. Moreover, the results revealed that the length of the Bayesian credible interval is smaller than the length of the maximum likelihood confidence interval for all factors. In order to identify the most plausible method between Bayesian method and maximum likelihood estimation of the data, AIC, BIC and DIC are adopted in this paper. The result of the study depicts that the Bayesian method performs better and more efficient than maximum likelihood estimation. The study recommends that the government as well as the universities should design programs that facilitate entrepreneurship to change the mindset, attitude, and intention of those students who do not have knowhow about entrepreneurship as a future career.
Occurrence characteristics of electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves at sub-auroral Antarctic station Maitri during solar cycle 24
Authors: Upadhyay Aditi , Kakad Bharati , Kakad Amar , Omura Yoshiharu , Sinha Ashwini Kumar 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe present a statistical study of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves observed at Antarctic station (geographic $$70.7{^\circ }\,\hbox {S}$$70.7∘S, $$11.8{^\circ }\,\hbox {E}$$11.8∘E, $$L=5$$L=5) on quiet and disturbed days during 2011–2017. The data span a fairly good period of both ascending and descending phases of the solar cycle 24, which has witnessed extremely low activity. We noted EMIC wave occurrence by examining wave power in different frequency ranges in the spectrogram. EMIC wave occurrence during ascending and descending phases of solar cycle 24, its local time, seasonal dependence and durations have been examined. There are total 2367 days for which data are available. Overall, EMIC waves are observed for 3166.5 h ($$\approx 5.57\%$$≈5.57% of total duration) which has contributions from 1263 days. We find a significantly higher EMIC wave occurrence during the descending phase ($$\approx$$≈ 6.83%) as compared to the ascending phase ($$\approx$$≈ 4.08%) of the solar cycle, which implies nearly a twofold increase in EMIC wave occurrence. This feature is attributed to the higher solar wind dynamic pressure during descending phase of solar activity. There is no evident difference in the percentage occurrence of EMIC waves on magnetically disturbed and quiet days. On ground, EMIC waves show marginally higher occurrence during winter as compared to summer. This seasonal tendency is attributed to lower electron densities and conductivities in the ionosphere, which can affect the propagation of EMIC waves through ionospheric ducts. In local time, the probability distribution function of EMIC wave occurrence shows enhancement during 11.7–20.7 LT (i.e., afternoon–dusk sector). Daily durations of EMIC waves are in the range of 5–1015 min and it is noted that the longer duration (240–1015 min) events are prevalent on quiet days and are mostly seen during the descending phase of solar cycle.
Free viewpoint image generation system using fisheye cameras and a laser rangefinder for indoor robot teleoperation
Authors: Komatsu Ren , Fujii Hiromitsu , Tamura Yusuke , Yamashita Atsushi , Asama Hajime 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn robot teleoperation, a lack of depth information often results in collisions between the robots and obstacles in its path or surroundings. To address this issue, free viewpoint images can greatly benefit the operators in terms of collision avoidance as the operators are able to view the robot’s surrounding from the images at arbitrary points, giving them a better depth information. In this paper, a novel free viewpoint image generation system is proposed. One approach to generate free viewpoint images is to use multiple cameras and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR). Instead of using the expensive LiDAR, this study utilizes a cost-effective laser rangefinder (LRF) and a characteristic of man-made environments. In other words, we install multiple fisheye cameras and an LRF on a robot. Free viewpoint images are generated under the assumption that walls are perpendicular to the floor. Furthermore, an easy calibration for estimating the poses of the multiple fisheye cameras, the LRF, and the robot model is proposed. Experimental results show that the proposed method can generate free viewpoint images using cameras and an LRF. Finally, the proposed method is primarily implemented using OpenGL Shading Language to utilize a graphics processing unit computation to achieve a real-time processing of the multiple high-resolution images. Supplementary videos and our source code are available at our project page (https://matsuren.github.io/fvp).
Impact of date palm pollen (Phoenix dactylifera) treatment on paracetamol-induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats
Authors: Al-Asmari Abdulrahman Khazim , Al-Said Mansour S. , Abbasmanthiri Rajamohamed , Al-Buraidi Ahmed , Ibrahim Khalid Elfaki , Rafatullah Syed 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundConsumption of plant-derived nutraceuticals and crude drugs in Arab traditional medicine is widely believed to confer beneficial effects in liver and kidney diseases. Fruits from the date palmPhoenix dactyliferaL. are a rich source of nutrients and bioactive phytochemicals which possess a myriad of pharmacological effects. Herein, we examined the impact of Date Palm Pollen (DPP) aqueous suspension treatment on paracetamol (APAP) [Acetaminophen (APAP)] triggered hepatorenal damage in rats and further explored the underlying putative mechanism.MethodsThirty Wistar rats were assigned to five groups (n = 6/group). Group I was control group; animals in group II were administered APAP 1000 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) intraperitonealy (i.p.); Group III and IV administered APAP plus date palm pollen with doses of 50, 100 mg/kg b.w and group V were administered APAP plus Silymarin (SIL) 10 mg/kg b.w. (i.p) respectively. Various biochemical parameters and histological assessment were evaluated in serum and tissue homogenate.ResultsPretreatment with DPP aqueous suspensions (50 and 100 mg/kg b.w.) significantly (p < 0.05) thwarted APAP triggered alterations in serum biomarkers of liver damage [aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)], serum albumin as well as bilirubin. DPP treatment further mitigated APAP triggered dyslipidemia associated with hepatic damage by influencing APAP elicited changes in serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL and VLDL. DPP treatment significantly (p < 0.05) ameliorated extrahepatic manifestations of APAP toxicity by influencing alterations in parameters of renal function (creatinine, urea and uric acid) as well serum electrolytes (Sodium, Potassium and Calcium). DPP treatment further influenced APAP-induced histological lesions by curtailing necrosis and inflammatory changes in the hepatic and renal architecture, respectively. Furthermore, DPP treatment modulated APAP-induced redox imbalance in the hepatic and renal tissue by blunting the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as decrease of nonprotein sulfhydryls (NP-SH) significantly (p < 0.05) when compared with control. The protective effect of DPP was further confirmed histologically.ConclusionsThe present observations point to an hepatorenal protective effects of acute DPP treatment in APAP-intoxicated rats which is underpinned by its robust antioxidant properties.
Phase II/III randomized trial of CID-ATT with radiotherapy compared with CHOP with radiotherapy as first-line treatment for previously untreated early staging extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKL).
Authors: Lin Tongyu , Huang He , Liang Chao Yong , Guo Chengcheng , Tian Ying , Liu Tingzhi , Li Xue Ying , Zhang Mengping , Hong Huang Ming , Shrestha Dr.Prem Raj 
Published: March 2020

8508 Background: Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKL) is more prevalent in Asia and has worse prognosis than B-NHL. No therapeutic strategy is currently identified for ENKL. This phase II/III study was undertaken to compare CHOP-B/IMVD/DHAP-Alternating Triple Therapy (CID-ATT) and standard CHOP regimen as first-line treatment prospectively. Methods:109 patients (pts) initially diagnosed as ENKL (16-70 ys old) with Ann Abor Stage I to II were randomized to receive CID-ATT or CHOP regimen from Jan 2006 to Jan 2012. CID-ATT alternated among CHOP-B, IMVD, and DHAP, given in alternating sequence for a total of 6 courses (2 circle). Involved field radiation was administered after 6 courses(2 circle) of CID-ATT regimen or 6 cycles of CHOP regimen. All pts received prophylactic granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-11and thrombopoietin for each DHAP cycle. Results: 109 pts were evaluable (54CID-ATT; 55 CHOP). With a median follow-up of 40.3months,OS and PFS was significantly prolonged with CID-ATT compared with CHOP (1yOS :80.2% vs 78.6%, 3yOS:68.0% vs 42.3%, 5yOS: 64.2% vs 34.5%,P=0.023; 1yPFS: 74.9% vs 59.6%, 3yPFS:60.5% vs 32.0%, 5yPFS: 60.5% vs 32.0% ; P=0.016). Compared to CHOP group, CID-ATT group has a much higher complete remission rate (CID-ATT:47/54,87.0 % vs CHOP:29/55,52.7%, P<0.001). The survivals for pts who achieved CR after One circle (3 courses) were significantly better than those who were in non-CR group.(5yOS: CR group in ATT:75.3%, non-CR group in ATT:51.5%, CR group in CHOP:39.3%, non-CR group in CHOP:31.0%; P=0.003). No treatment related death was observed, although Grade III/IV neutropenia (30/54,55.6%) and thrombocytopenia (33/54,61.1%) were observed in CID-ATT regimen, especially in DHAP cycle. Conclusions: Our study has demonstrated that the CID-ATT regimen as an optimal first-line therapy achieved promising clinical activity with safe and tolerated toxicity under close monitoring and good supportive care of untreated early staging ENKL pts. CR of induce chemotherapy following radiotherapy is very important for ENKL survival. Clinical trial information: CSWOG0002.
Phase I/II dose-escalation study of daratumumab in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.
Authors: Lokhorst Henk M , Plesner Torben , Gimsing Peter , Nahi Hareth , Minnema Monique , Lassen Ulrik Niels , Krejcik Jakub , Laubach Jacob , Lisby Steen , Basse Linda , Richardson Paul Gerard Guy 
Published: March 2020

8512^ Background: Daratumumab (DARA) is a human CD38 monoclonal antibody (mAb) with broad-spectrum killing activity. Preliminary safety and efficacy data from this first-in-human dose-escalation study of DARA in pts with relapsed or refractory (RR) multiple myeloma (MM) have previously been published. Here, we present safety and efficacy data from the finalized part 1 and preliminary safety data from the ongoing part 2 of the study. Methods: Pts ≥18 years requiring systemic therapy and considered RR to at least 2 prior lines of therapy and ineligible for ASCT were enrolled. In part 1, a 3+3 dose-escalation design was applied and DARA was administered over a 9-week period as 2 pre- and 7 full doses. The phase II dose was determined to 8mg/kg and these pts receive DARA weekly for 8 weeks followed by dosing every 2nd week for 16 weeks and every 4th week until disease progression, toxicity or for max. 24 months. Results: Data from 32 pts included in part 1 are presented. In part 2, 7/16 pts have been recruited: all available data will be presented at the meeting. In part 1, the median number of prior treatment lines was 6. PK analysis showed plasma peak levels as expected but relatively rapid clearance at low dose levels. At doses ≥4mg/kg, observed PK values approximated model-predicted values. Efficacy evaluation from part 1 was based on IMWG guidelines. In the ≥4mg/kg groups (n=12), 5 PRs and 3 MRs were observed. 7 of these pts had a 50-100% concomitant reduction in bone marrow plasma cells. Median PFS in the ≥4mg/kg dose groups was not reached (median follow-up at data cut-off was 3.8mths (range: 0-9.6mths). No ADA responses were detected. In part 1, the most common adverse events reported were infusion related (IRE) which occurred predominantly during the first full infusion. 44% of subjects across all dose groups had IREs grade 1-3, of which 2 were grade 3. Six related SAEs (1 anemia, 1 thrombocytopenia, 2 bronchospasm, 1 cytokine release, 1 AST increase) were reported. Conclusions: DARA induced a marked reduction in paraprotein and bone marrow plasma cells at doses ≥4mg/kg in heavily pretreated RR MM pts. In addition, high response rates and encouraging PFS data were observed. This is unprecedented for single-agent mAb treatment of MM. Clinical trial information: NCT00574288.
Clinical, genomic, and imaging predictors of malignancy: Analysis of the first U.S. cooperative group prospective clinical trial in asymptomatic monoclonal gammopathies (SWOG S0120).
Authors: Dhodapkar Madhav V. , Sexton Rachel , Waheed Sarah , Usmani Saad Zafar , Papanikolaou Xenofon Dimitrios , Nair Bijay P. , Petty Nathan , Shaughnessy John D. , Hoering Antje , Crowley John , Orlowski Robert Z. , Barlogie Bart 
Published: March 2020

8515 Background: Asymptomatic monoclonal gammopathies (AMG) are the most common plasma cell dyscrasia classified as either monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or asymptomatic multiple myeloma (AMM). Clinical outcome in AMGs can be highly variable and there is an unmet need to identify newer clinical, genomic and imaging parameters from prospective studies to guide patient management. Methods: We analyzed clinical, genomic and imaging data from AMG patients (n=334) enrolled in a prospective observational clinical trial (S0120) conducted under the auspices of SWOG. Baseline data from clinical variables, as well as gene expression profiles of purified tumor cells and the findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were correlated with the risk of progression to symptomatic myeloma (MM) requiring therapy. Results: In addition to serum M spike, percent bone marrow plasma cells and the ratio of involved/uninvolved serum free light chains, the level of serum beta-2-microglobulin was associated with an increased risk of progression to clinical myeloma requiring therapy. Gene expression profiles (GEP) of purified tumor cells revealed that all of the known molecular GEP subtypes of human MM are also represented in the precursor phase. An increased risk score (> - 0.26) based on a 70-gene signature (GEP70) was an independent predictor of the risk of progression to clinical MM requiring therapy. The presence of focal lesions on MRI also conferred an increased risk of disease progression but was not independent of other clinical and genomic features. Conclusions: These data represent the first comprehensive evaluation of clinical, genomic and imaging features of AMGs in the context of a prospective US-cooperative group trial, and demonstrate that while all genetic subtypes of MM have a precursor phase, genetic signatures previously associated with high risk myeloma also predict the risk of progression to clinical malignancy requiring therapy. These findings suggest the need to integrate both clinical assessment of tumor bulk and genomic properties of tumor cells in the clinical management of these patients. Clinical trial information: NCT00900263.
Second primary malignancies (SPM) in newly diagnosed myeloma (MM) patients treated with lenalidomide (Len): Meta-analysis of 6,383 individual patient data (IPD).
Authors: Palumbo Antonio , Bringhen Sara , Rajkumar Vincent , Lupparelli Giulia , Usmani Saad Zafar , Waage Anders , Larocca Alessandra , van der Holt Bronno , Musto Pellegrino , Evangelista Andrea , Zweegman Sonja , Dimopoulos Meletios A. , Hajek Roman , Cavo Michele , Lonial Sagar , Ciccone Giovannino , Boccadoro Mario , Barlogie Bart , Sonneveld Pieter , McCarthy Philip L. 
Published: March 2020

8517 Background: An increased risk of SPM in MM pts treated with len has been reported. We performed an IPD metanalysis to estimate the incidence of SPM according to len exposure. Methods: Randomized studies of MM, from PubMed and ASCO/IMW/ASH (after 2000), that met the following criteria, were included: randomization to treatment with len (len-trials); randomization to treatment including new drug but not len (no-len-trials); available SPM data. Primary aim was to estimate cumulative incidence of SPMs by len exposure, corrected for death (competing event). Results: Data from 6,383 pts (3,218 from 8 len-trials, 3,165 from 10 no-len-trials) were analyzed. Median age was 69 years. During follow-up (median=30 mos) 420 (6.6%) SPMs were reported: 188 (2.9%) hematologic and 232 (3.6%) solid cancers. Solid tumors occurred with similar incidence in all groups. Incidence of hematologic SPM was significantly higher in patients receiving len (3.2 vs 1.1, p=0.04), but risk is limited to patients treated with melphalan+len (4.1, 95%CI: 2.4-5.8) with no excess in other combinations (len without melphalan: 1.2, 0.0-2.6; melphalan without len: 1.1, 0.0-2.7) (p=0.003). The cumulative incidence of death for any cause was much higher than the risk of SPM. Conclusions: The risk of hematologic SPMs was higher in pts receiving melphalan+len. The benefit/risk profile of len treatment remains positive. Cumulative incidence (%) of SPMs and death (95%CI). [Table: see text]