bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ESC-Leitlinie 2020 zur Behandlung von Erwachsenen mit angeborenem Herzfehler (ACHD)
Authors: Ruperti-Repilado Francisco Javier , Thomet Corina , Schwerzmann Markus 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungIm August 2020 veröffentlichte die European Society of Cardiology (ESC) neue Leitlinien zur Behandlung von Erwachsenen mit angeborenem Herzfehler („adult congenital heart disease“, ACHD). Die bisherigen Empfehlungen des Jahres 2010 wurden den Entwicklungen der letzten 10 Jahre in Diagnostik und Therapie angepasst. Nach wie vor entsprechen die Empfehlungen aber nahezu ausschließlich einem Evidenzgrad C (Expertenmeinung oder Erkenntnisse aus kleinen respektive retrospektiven Studien oder Registerstudien). Wir sprechen von einer heterogenen Patientenpopulation mit einer Vielzahl von unterschiedlichen Herzfehlern und Korrektureingriffen, die sich dank sinkender perioperativer Mortalität und weiterer medizinischer Fortschritte in konstantem Wachstum befindet und älter wird. Die aktuellen Leitlinien sind dementsprechend nicht nur auf die akute Behandlung kardialer Probleme fokussiert, sondern legen das Augenmerk auf eine gesamtheitliche longitudinale Betreuung. Ergänzt werden diese allgemeinen Aspekte durch defektspezifische Empfehlungen, wobei v. a. Fortschritte bei Arrhythmiediagnose und -behandlung, invasiver Kardiologie sowie pulmonalarterieller Hypertonie zu wesentlichen Anpassungen führten. Erstmalig wird in den Leitlinien 2020 auch die Thematik von Koronaranomalien aufgegriffen.
EUS is accurate in characterizing pancreatic cystic lesions; a prospective comparison with cross-sectional imaging in resected cases
Authors: Wesali Sahar , Demir Mehmet A. , Verbeke Caroline S. , Andersson Mats , Bratlie Svein Olav , Sadik Riadh 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Imaging modalities for characterizing pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) is a known uncertainty. The aim of this prospective study was to compare the diagnostic performance of endoscopic ultrasound morphology, cytology and cyst fluid carcinoembryonic antigen (EUS-FNA-CEA) with cross-sectional imaging in resected PCLs.

Methods
The cross-sectional imaging and EUS-FNA-CEA results were collected in an academic tertiary referral centre using histology of the surgical specimen as the diagnostic standard.

Results
Of 289 patients undergoing evaluation for PCL with cross-sectional imaging and EUS-FNA between February 2007 and March 2017, 58 underwent surgical resection providing a final diagnosis of the PCLs: 45 mucinous, 5 serous, 1 pseudocyst, 2 endocrine, 2 solid pseudopapillary neoplasms and 3 other. EUS-FNA-CEA was more accurate than cross-sectional imaging in diagnosing mucinous PCLs (95% vs. 83%, p = 0.04). Ninety-two percent of the PCLs with high-grade dysplasia or adenocarcinoma were smaller than 3 cm in diameter. The sensitivity of EUS-FNA-CEA and cross-sectional imaging for detecting PCLs with high-grade dysplasia or adenocarcinoma were 33% and 5% (p = 0.03), respectively. However, there was no difference in accuracy between the modalities (62% vs. 66%, p = 0.79). The sensitivity for detecting pancreatic adenocarcinomas only was 64% for EUS-FNA-CEA and 9% for cross-sectional imaging (p = 0.03). Overall, EUS-FNA-CEA provided a correct diagnosis in more patients with PCLs than cross-sectional imaging (72% vs. 50%, p = 0.01).

Conclusions
EUS-FNA-CEA is accurate and should be considered a complementary test in the diagnosis of PCLs. However, the detection of PCLs with high-grade dysplasia or adenocarcinoma needs to be improved. Cyst size does not seem to be a reliable predictor of high-grade dysplasia or adenocarcinoma.
Individualism, Polarization and Recovery from the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Eichengreen Barry 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPolitical polarization, meaning sharp differences in the political ideologies and preferences of the partisans of different parties, implies that members of one party are more likely to dismiss the policies and recommendations of spokesmen and appointees of the other party on the grounds that those policies and recommendations are informed by value systems inimical to their own. In the US, this means that when spokesmen for one party endorse masks, members of the other party reject them instinctively and automatically.
The Law on Police Use of Force in the United States
Authors: Garrett Brandon , Slobogin Christopher 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecent events in the United States have highlighted the fact that American police resort to force, including deadly force, much more often than in many other Western countries. This Article describes how the current regulatory regime may ignore or even facilitate these aggressive police actions. The law governing police use of force in the United States derives in large part from the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures. As construed by the United States Supreme Court, the Fourth Amendment provides police wide leeway in using deadly force, making custodial arrests, and stopping and frisking individuals. While state and local police departments can develop more restrictive rules, they often do not. Additionally, the remedies for violations of these rules are weak. The predominant remedy is exclusion of evidence, the impact of which falls primarily on the prosecutor and in any event only has a deterrent effect when evidence is sought. Civil and criminal sanctions have been significantly limited by the Supreme Court, particularly through the doctrine of qualified immunity (applied to individual officers) and the policy or custom defense (applied to municipalities). This minimal regulatory regime is one reason police-citizen encounters in the United States so often result in death or serious bodily harm to citizens, in particular those who are Black. The Article ends with a number of reform proposals.
Photonic crystal rod-based high-performance ultrafast fiber laser system
Authors: Lv Zhiguo , Yang Zhi , Li Qianglong , Li Feng , Wang Yishan , Zhao Wei , Yang Xiaojun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we innovatively conduct a Porro prism-based beam pointing stability promotion technique research and realize a high-performance rod-type photonic crystal fiber-based chirped pulse amplification (CPA) system, mainly including a frequency-reduced all-fiber pre-amplification stage, photonic crystal rod-based main amplification stage, and 1600 lines/mm transmission grating-pair compressor. Laser output with average power of 50 W, repetition rates of 500 kHz, pulse energy of 100 μJ, pulse duration of 830 fs, beam quality of M2<1.3, power fluctuation of 0.55% root mean square, and beam pointing drift of 19 μrad/°C over 8 h is realized. The high-performance laser system has an enormous application potential in fundamental research and precision manufacturing fields.
Pre-pregnancy dietary pattern is associated with newborn size: results from ProcriAr study
Authors: Teixeira Juliana A. , Hoffman Daniel J. , Castro Teresa G. , Saldiva Silvia Regina D. M. , Francisco Rossana P. V. , Vieira Sandra Elisabete , Marchioni Dirce Maria 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBabies born small-for-gestational age (SGA) have an increased risk of mortality, morbidity and adverse functional consequences. Studies suggest that pre-pregnancy maternal diet may influence newborns’ size. This study aimed to determine whether maternal pre-pregnancy dietary patterns (DP) are associated with delivering SGA newborns in the ProcriAr Cohort Study, Sao Paulo-Brazil. Pre-pregnancy DP of 299 women were investigated using factor analysis with principal component’s estimation, based on intake reported on a validated 110-item FFQ. Newborns were classified as SGA if their weight and/or length, adjusted by gestational age and sex, were below the 10th percentile of the INTERGROWTH-21st standards. Multivariate Poisson regression modelling with robust error variance was performed to examine associations between the different DP (in quintiles) and SGA. In a model adjusted by maternal sociodemographic and health behaviours, women who scored in the highest quintile of the DP ‘Snacks, sandwiches, sweets and soft drinks’ (in relation to the women who scored in the lowest quintile) were significantly more likely to deliver SGA babies (relative risk 1·92; 95 % CI 1·08, 3·39). This study verified that women’s pre-pregnancy dietary behaviour characterised by an energy-dense nutrient-poor food intake was a risk factor for delivering SGA newborns. Investments in education and improved access to healthful food and nutritional information before pregnancy should be prioritised due to their potential positive impact on child health. However, further studies are warranted to identify specific metabolic pathways that may be underlying these associations.
The impact of diet during adolescence on the neonatal health of offspring: evidence on the importance of preconception diet. The HUNT study
Authors: Van Lippevelde Wendy , Vik Frøydis N. , Wills Andrew K. , Strömmer Sofia T. , Barker Mary E. , Skreden Marianne , Anderson Berry Ann , Hanson Corinne , Brantsæter Anne Lise , Hillesund Elisabeth R. , Øverby Nina C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEmerging evidence suggests that parents’ nutritional status before and at the time of conception influences the lifelong physical and mental health of their child. Yet little is known about the relationship between diet in adolescence and the health of the next generation at birth. This study examined data from Norwegian cohorts to assess the relationship between dietary patterns in adolescence and neonatal outcomes. Data from adolescents who participated in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (Young-HUNT) were merged with birth data for their offspring through the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Young-HUNT1 collected data from 8980 adolescents between 1995 and 1997. Linear regression was used to assess associations between adolescents’ diet and later neonatal outcomes of their offspring adjusting for sociodemographic factors. Analyses were replicated with data from the Young-HUNT3 cohort (dietary data collected from 2006 to 2008) and combined with Young-HUNT1 for pooled analyses. In Young-HUNT1, there was evidence of associations between dietary choices, meal patterns, and neonatal outcomes, these were similar in the pooled analyses but were attenuated to the point of nonsignificance in the smaller Young-HUNT3 cohort. Overall, energy-dense food products were associated with a small detrimental impact on some neonatal outcomes, whereas healthier food choices appeared protective. Our study suggests that there are causal links between consumption of healthy and unhealthy food and meal patterns in adolescence with neonatal outcomes for offspring some years later. The effects seen are small and will require even larger studies with more state-of-the-art dietary assessment to estimate these robustly.
Morphological Characteristics of Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement Emissions
Authors: Chu Xiangning , Wolter Lukas , Malaspina David , Andersson Laila , Connors Martin , Chatfield Colin , Zeller Neil 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMorphological characteristics of Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement (STEVE) are investigated during an event on July 17, 2018. We calibrate photographs from citizen scientists for scientific purposes. We determine the altitude profiles for STEVE emissions. The spectral continuum purplish STEVE emission peaks at 200 km, which is in the altitude range where redline‐only SAR emission could be generated. The green picket fence peaks at 110 km, similar to that of the typical green aurora. For both emissions, their altitudes of the peak emissions and the shapes of the altitude profiles are similar across different longitudes. In regions of two‐layer purplish STEVE emissions, the lower layer STEVE peaks at ∼130 km with slightly different peak altitudes at different longitudes. The green picket fence structures are separated by 14 km in longitude with a full width of half maximum of ∼5.3 km. They move westward at a roughly constant speed of ∼250 m/s, although they sometimes disappear and reappear. The purplish STEVE and green picket fence emissions are latitudinally narrow, and whether they are simultaneously collocated on the same magnetic field line depends on their latitudinal offset relative to their width. We demonstrate that the green picket fence and purplish STEVE emissions are located on magnetic field lines within a tenth (0.02°) of the latitudinal width of STEVE (0.2°). The fact suggests that different STEVE emissions are driven by the same narrow region either in the ionosphere or the magnetosphere, although their generation mechanisms differ. The morphological characteristics have important implications in determining how STEVE is generated.
Idealized Model Simulations to Determine Impacts of Storm‐Relative Winds on Differential Reflectivity and Specific Differential Phase Fields
Authors: Loeffler Scott D. , Kumjian Matthew R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHydrometeors of varying sizes have different fall speeds; for example, larger raindrops have greater fall speeds than smaller raindrops. The resultant differential sedimentation leads to differences in residence time in a sorting layer where drops can be advected by the storm‐relative winds. The resulting size sorting has an effect on the polarimetric radar variables including specific differential phase KDP and differential reflectivity ZDR. This study uses a simple numerical model of raindrop size sorting to analyze and further elucidate the relationship between the storm‐relative winds and the ZDR and KDP fields. Increased mean storm‐relative winds lead to increased ZDR magnitudes and decreased KDP magnitudes. The separation distance between ZDR and KDP maxima is proportional to the magnitude of the mean storm‐relative wind and the orientation of a vector from ZDR to KDP maxima is aligned with the mean storm‐relative wind over the sorting layer. Further, it is shown that larger values of storm‐relative helicity are associated with greater separation distances and separation orientations approaching orthogonal to the shear vector over the sorting layer.
Nuciferine modulates the gut microbiota and prevents obesity in high-fat diet-fed rats
Authors: Wang Yu , Yao Weifan , Li Bo , Qian Shiyun , Wei Binbin , Gong Shiqiang , Wang Jing , Liu Mingyan , Wei Minjie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGut microbiota dysbiosis has a significant role in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, including obesity. Nuciferine (NUC) is a main bioactive component in the lotus leaf that has been used as food in China since ancient times. Here, we examined whether the anti-obesity effects of NUC are related to modulations in the gut microbiota. Using an obese rat model fed a HFD for 8 weeks, we show that NUC supplementation of HFD rats prevents weight gain, reduces fat accumulation, and ameliorates lipid metabolic disorders. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the fecal microbiota suggested that NUC changed the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota in HFD-fed rats. In particular, NUC decreased the ratio of the phyla Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, the relative abundance of the LPS-producing genus Desulfovibrio and bacteria involved in lipid metabolism, whereas it increased the relative abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria in HFD-fed rats. Predicted functional analysis of microbial communities showed that NUC modified genes involved in LPS biosynthesis and lipid metabolism. In addition, serum metabolomics analysis revealed that NUC effectively improved HFD-induced disorders of endogenous metabolism, especially lipid metabolism. Notably, NUC promoted SCFA production and enhanced intestinal integrity, leading to lower blood endotoxemia to reduce inflammation in HFD-fed rats. Together, the anti-obesity effects of NUC may be related to modulations in the composition and potential function of gut microbiota, improvement in intestinal barrier integrity and prevention of chronic low-grade inflammation. This research may provide support for the application of NUC in the prevention and treatment of obesity.
TRAIL receptor-induced features of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition increase tumour phenotypic heterogeneity: potential cell survival mechanisms
Authors: Peyre Ludovic , Meyer Mickael , Hofman Paul , Roux Jérémie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe continuing efforts to exploit the death receptor agonists, such as the tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), for cancer therapy, have largely been impaired by the anti-apoptotic and pro-survival signalling pathways leading to drug resistance. Cell migration, invasion, differentiation, immune evasion and anoikis resistance are plastic processes sharing features of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that have been shown to give cancer cells the ability to escape cell death upon cytotoxic treatments. EMT has recently been suggested to drive a heterogeneous cellular environment that appears favourable for tumour progression. Recent studies have highlighted a link between EMT and cell sensitivity to TRAIL, whereas others have highlighted their effects on the induction of EMT. This review aims to explore the molecular mechanisms by which death signals can elicit an increase in response heterogeneity in the metastasis context, and to evaluate the impact of these processes on cell responses to cancer therapeutics.
CBL0137 increases the targeting efficacy of Rovalpituzumab tesirine against tumour-initiating cells in small cell lung cancer
Authors: Lindner Daniel J. , Wildey Gary , Parker Yvonne , Dowlati Afshin , Stark George R. , De Sarmishtha 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSmall cell lung cancer (SCLC) is characterised by high relapse rates. Tumour-initiating cells (TICs) are responsible for drug resistance and recurrence of cancer. Rovalpituzumab tesirine (Rova-T), a potent humanised antibody–drug conjugate, selectively targets delta-like protein 3, which is highly expressed in SCLC TICs. The experimental drug CBL0137 (CBL) inhibits the histone chaperone FACT (facilitates chromatin transcription), which is required for the expression of transcription factors that are essential for TIC maintenance. Rova-T and CBL each target SCLC TICs as single agents. However, acquired or intrinsic resistance to single agents is a major problem in cancer. Therefore, we investigated the potential effect of combining Rova-T and CBL in SCLC to eradicate TICs more effectively. Our preclinical studies report a novel and highly translatable therapeutic strategy of dual targeting TICs using Rova-T in combination with CBL to potentially increase survival of SCLC patients.
Ileal immune tonus is a prognosis marker of proximal colon cancer in mice and patients
Authors: Picard Marion , Yonekura Satoru , Slowicka Karolina , Petta Ioanna , Rauber Conrad , Routy Bertrand , Richard Corentin , Iebba Valerio , Tidjani Alou Maryam , Becharef Sonia , Ly Pierre , Pizzato Eugenie , Lehmann Christian H. K. , Amon Lukas , Klein Christophe , Opolon Paule , Gomperts Boneca Ivo , Scoazec Jean-Yves , Hollebecque Antoine , Malka David , Ghiringhelli François , Dudziak Diana , Berx Geert , Vereecke Lars , van Loo Geert , Kroemer Guido , Zitvogel Laurence , Roberti Maria Paula 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIleal epithelial cell apoptosis and the local microbiota modulate the effects of oxaliplatin against proximal colon cancer by modulating tumor immunosurveillance. Here, we identified an ileal immune profile associated with the prognosis of colon cancer and responses to chemotherapy. The whole immune ileal transcriptome was upregulated in poor-prognosis patients with proximal colon cancer, while the colonic immunity of healthy and neoplastic areas was downregulated (except for the Th17 fingerprint) in such patients. Similar observations were made across experimental models of implanted and spontaneous murine colon cancer, showing a relationship between carcinogenesis and ileal inflammation. Conversely, oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy could restore a favorable, attenuated ileal immune fingerprint in responders. These results suggest that chemotherapy inversely shapes the immune profile of the ileum–tumor axis, influencing clinical outcome.
DNA aptamers against bacterial cells can be efficiently selected by a SELEX process using state-of-the art qPCR and ultra-deep sequencing
Authors: Kolm Claudia , Cervenka Isabella , Aschl Ulrich J. , Baumann Niklas , Jakwerth Stefan , Krska Rudolf , Mach Robert L. , Sommer Regina , DeRosa Maria C. , Kirschner Alexander K. T. , Farnleitner Andreas H. , Reischer Georg H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDNA aptamers generated by cell-SELEX against bacterial cells have gained increased interest as novel and cost-effective affinity reagents for cell labelling, imaging and biosensing. Here we describe the selection and identification of DNA aptamers for bacterial cells using a combined approach based on cell-SELEX, state-of-the-art applications of quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), next-generation sequencing (NGS) and bioinformatic data analysis. This approach is demonstrated on Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), which served as target in eleven rounds of cell-SELEX with multiple subtractive counter-selections against non-target species. During the selection, we applied qPCR-based analyses to evaluate the ssDNA pool size and remelting curve analysis of qPCR amplicons to monitor changes in pool diversity and sequence enrichment. Based on NGS-derived data, we identified 16 aptamer candidates. Among these, aptamer EF508 exhibited high binding affinity to E. faecalis cells (KD-value: 37 nM) and successfully discriminated E. faecalis from 20 different Enterococcus and non-Enterococcus spp. Our results demonstrate that this combined approach enabled the rapid and efficient identification of an aptamer with both high affinity and high specificity. Furthermore, the applied monitoring and assessment techniques provide insight into the selection process and can be highly useful to study and improve experimental cell-SELEX designs to increase selection efficiency.
Nickel(II)- and Silver(I)-Catalyzed C–H Bond Halogenation of Anilides and Carbamates
Authors: Kianmehr Ebrahim , Afaridoun Hadi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
ortho-C–H bond halogenation of anilides and N-aryl carbamates using easily available N-halosuccinimides (NXS) as the active halogenation reagent in the presence of nickel or silver catalyst has been developed. This method provides a new approach to 2-haloanilides and carbamates, which may serve as starting materials for the synthesis of pharmaceutically and biologically active compounds.
Synthesis of fluorocarbon nanofilms on titanium using high-power KrF laser radiation
Authors: Sergeev P.B. , Kirichenko A.N. , Kravchuk K.S. , Morozov N.V. , Khmelnitskii R.A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFluorocarbon (C : F) nanofilms up to 60 nm thick are synthesised on a titanium surface. The films are obtained by annealing thin layers of fluorocarbon oil (FO) (with an area of 0.6 cm2) in air with pulsed (80-ns) KrF laser radiation having a fluence of more than 4 J cm−2. The strength of C : F nanocoatings turns out to be comparable with that of titanium and exceeds several hundred times the corresponding characteristics of Teflon F-4. The high transparency of FO indicates a possibility of using it as a cover liquid when modifying titanium surface using beams of various technological lasers.