bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adductor canal block to manage flexion contracture deformity (FCD) of knee before total knee replacement (TKR) ‐ a case report
Authors: Ashok Jadon , Pavan Sudarshan , Neelam Sinha , Swastika Chakraborty 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
The fixed contracture deformity (FCD) which is often present in patients awaiting total knee replacement (TKR) affects the surgical outcome. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the severity of the FCD before the TKR surgery. Physiotherapy, including active stretching and exercise to increase range of motion are commonly practiced techniques. However, due to the presence of pain, patients are often unable to cooperate and perform exercise up-to the desired levels. We used continuous adductor canal block (CACB) in two patients with severe FCD scheduled for TKR surgery to decrease their pain during physiotherapy and to help them in increasing their range of motion to achieve early fitness for surgery. This approach is not documented and published earlier in the medical literature.

Case presentation
Two female patients aged 58 and 68 years were scheduled for TKR surgery with severe flexion contracture deformity of both limbs (70°–90°). Due to severe contracture deformity surgeon suggested improvement in ROM before surgery. Ultrasound-guided adductor canal block was given, and catheters were inserted in the adductor canal. Continuous infusion of local anesthetic and bolus injection before active stretching was given. Both patients had good pain relief in existing arthritic pain and pain during active stretching. The flexion deformity was reduced in both the patients up to 30°. The technique of adductor can block with continuous infusion also provided excellent postoperative analgesia and helped in early mobilization without affecting the muscle strength of lower limbs.

Conclusion
In two patients of severe flexion contracture deformity, the continuous adductor canal block helped to reduce the degree of deformity before the total knee replacement surgery. It also provided excellent pain relief in postoperative pain and helped in early postoperative mobilization without muscle weakness.
Evaluating visitor experience of digital interpretation and presentation technologies at cultural heritage sites: a case study of the old town, Zuoying
Authors: Liu Ying 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDigital technologies are increasingly used in the interpretation and presentation process at cultural heritage sites, shifting the manner of heritage display from previous ways, which tended to be monolithic and static, to a more diversified, experiential, and interactive approach and enabling new connections between heritage and the public. Digital experience is gradually becoming an important component of visitors’ heritage experience. However, little attention has been paid to the influence and effects that these technologies have on the visitor experience, and a corresponding measurement framework for the heritage digital experience is still lacking. To contribute to the design, implementation, and management of digital display systems at cultural heritage sites, this research aims to evaluate visitors’ expectations, acceptance, and experience of digital interpretation and presentation technologies. A mixed methodology, combining questionnaires based on a digital experience evaluation framework and semi-structured interviews, was adopted and used in Old Zuoying City (OZC), a typical heritage site for the application of digital display technologies in Taiwan. Our study indicates that digital display technologies received high acceptance from heritage visitors and had a positive impact on some specific aspects, such as encouraging their exploration of and further learning about the site, helping them better visualize the richness of heritage, and creating new experiences of perceiving, engaging, and communicating with history. In addition, based on the survey findings, a number of recommendations for the current stage of digital display design are presented. The survey results and evaluation framework can be used as a reference for other research on heritage visitors and to improve digital interpretation and presentation design.
Mortality and suicide in schizophrenia: 21-year follow-up in rural China
Authors: Ran Mao-Sheng , Xiao Yunyu , Fazel Seena , Lee Yeonjin , Luo Wei , Hu Shi-Hui , Yang Xin , Liu Bo , Brink Maria , Chan Sherry Kit Wa , Chen Eric Yu-Hai , Chan Cecilia Lai-Wan 
Published: October 2020

Background
Little is known about the trend and predictors of 21-year mortality and suicide patterns in persons with schizophrenia.

Aims
To explore the trend and predictors of 21-year mortality and suicide in persons with schizophrenia in rural China.

Method
This longitudinal follow-up study included 510 persons with schizophrenia who were identified in a mental health survey of individuals (≥15 years old) in 1994 in six townships of Xinjin County, Chengdu, China, and followed up in three waves until 2015. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox hazard regressions were conducted.

Results
Of the 510 participants, 196 died (38.4% mortality) between 1994 and 2015; 13.8% of the deaths (n = 27) were due to suicide. Life expectancy was lower for men than for women (50.6 v. 58.5 years). Males consistently showed higher rates of mortality and suicide than females. Older participants had higher mortality (hazard ratio HR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.05) but lower suicide rates (HR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.93–0.98) than their younger counterparts. Poor family attitudes were associated with all-cause mortality and death due to other causes; no previous hospital admission and a history of suicide attempts independently predicted death by suicide.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest there is a high mortality and suicide rate in persons with schizophrenia in rural China, with different predictive factors for mortality and suicide. It is important to develop culture-specific, demographically tailored and community-based mental healthcare and to strengthen family intervention to improve the long-term outcome of persons with schizophrenia.
Impact of Food and Drink Administration Vehicles on Paediatric Formulation Performance Part 2: Dissolution of Montelukast Sodium and Mesalazine Formulations
Authors: Martir J. , Flanagan T. , Mann J. , Fotaki Nikoletta 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPaediatric medicines are not always age-appropriate, causing problems with dosing, acceptability and adherence. The use of food and drinks as vehicles for medicine co-administration is common practice, yet the impact on drug bioavailability, safety and efficacy remains unaddressed. The aim of this study was to use in vitro dissolution testing, under infant simulating conditions, to evaluate the effect of co-administration with vehicles on the dissolution performance of two poorly soluble paediatric drugs. Dissolution studies of mesalazine and montelukast formulations were conducted with mini-paddle apparatus on a two-stage approach: simulated gastric fluid followed by addition of simulated intestinal fluid. The testing scenarios were designed to reflect daily administration practices: direct administration of formulation; formulation co-administered with food and drinks, both immediately after mixing and 4 h after mixing. Drug dissolution was significantly affected by medicine co-administration with vehicles, compared to the direct administration of formulation. Furthermore, differences were observed on drug dissolution when the formulations were mixed with different vehicles of the same subtype. The time between preparation and testing of the drug-vehicle mixture also impacted dissolution behaviour. Drug dissolution was shown to be significantly affected by the physicochemical properties and composition of the vehicles, drug solubility in each vehicle and drug/formulation characteristics. Ultimately, in this study, we show the potential of age-appropriate in vitro dissolution testing as a useful biopharmaceutical tool for estimating drug dissolution in conditions relevant to the paediatric population. The setup developed has potential to evaluate the impact of medicine co-administration with vehicles on paediatric formulation performance.
Treatment-Induced Neuropathy of Diabetes in Youth: Case Series of a Heterogeneous and Challenging Complication
Authors: Alexandrou Eirene G , Corathers Sarah D , Lahoti Amit , Redel Jacob , Tellez Siobhan , Yayah Jones Nana-Hawa , Kim Ahlee 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Treatment-induced neuropathy of diabetes (TIND) is a small fiber neuropathy precipitated by rapid correction of hyperglycemia. Literature on TIND in pediatric diabetes is scarce. We present 7 cases of TIND in children and young adults, increasing awareness of this condition in pediatric diabetes and broadening the scope of published knowledge.
Epidural Administration of Ropivacaine Reduces the Amplitude of Transcranial Electrical Motor–Evoked Potentials: A Double-Blinded, Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Furutani Kenta , Tobita Toshiyuki , Ishii Hideaki , Deguchi Hiroyuki , Mitsuma Yusuke , Kamiya Yoshinori , Baba Hiroshi 
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND:
An epidurally administered local anesthetic acts primarily on the epidural nerve roots and can act directly on the spinal cord through the dural sleeve. We hypothesized that epidurally administered ropivacaine would reduce the amplitude of transcranial electrical motor–evoked potentials by blocking nerve conduction in the spinal cord. Therefore, we conducted a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial.

METHODS:
Thirty adult patients who underwent lung surgery were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 groups, based on the ropivacaine concentration: the 0.2% group, the 0.375% group, and the 0.75% group. The attending anesthesiologists, neurophysiologists, and patients were blinded to the allocation. The epidural catheter was inserted at the T5–6 or T6–7 interspace by a paramedian approach, using the loss of resistance technique with normal saline. General anesthesia was induced and maintained using propofol and remifentanil. Transcranial electrical motor–evoked potentials were elicited by a train of 5 pulses with an interstimulus interval of 2 milliseconds by using a constant-voltage stimulator and were recorded from the tibialis anterior muscle. Somatosensory-evoked potentials (SSEPs) were evoked by electrical tibial nerve stimulation at the popliteal fossa. After measuring the baseline values of these evoked potentials, 10 mL of epidural ropivacaine was administered at the 0.2%, 0.375%, or 0.75% concentration. The baseline amplitudes and latencies recorded before administering ropivacaine were defined as 100%. Our primary end point was the relative amplitude of the motor-evoked potentials at 60 minutes after the epidural administration of ropivacaine. We analyzed the amplitudes and latencies of these evoked potentials by using the Kruskal-Wallis test and used the Dunn multiple comparison test as the post hoc test for statistical analysis.

RESULTS:
The data are expressed as the median (interquartile range). Sixty minutes after epidurally administering ropivacaine, the motor-evoked potential amplitude was lower in the 0.75% group (7% [3%–18%], between-group difference P < .001) and in the 0.375% group (52% [43%–59%]) compared to that in the 0.2% group (96% [89%–105%]). The latency of SSEP was longer in the 0.75% group compared to that in the 0.2% group, but the amplitude was unaffected.

CONCLUSIONS:
Epidurally administered high-dose ropivacaine lowered the amplitude of motor-evoked potentials and prolonged the onset latencies of motor-evoked potentials and SSEPs compared to those in the low-dose group. High-dose ropivacaine can act on the motor pathway through the dura mater.
Short- and Long-Term Stroboscopic Training Effects on Visuomotor Performance in Elite Youth Sports. Part 1: Reaction and Behavior
Authors: HÜLSDÜNKER THORBEN , GUNASEKARA NADIRA , MIERAU ANDREAS 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Recent research suggests that stroboscopic training is an effective tool to improve visual and visuomotor performance. However, many studies were limited by small samples, short training interventions, inexperienced athletes, and an exclusive focus on short-term effects. This first part of the study evaluates the short- and long-term effects of stroboscopic training on visuomotor reaction speed in elite athletes.

Methods
Forty-five young elite badminton athletes participated in this study, of which 32 (13.7 yr) were included in the final data analysis. Participants were assigned to an intervention (stroboscopic vision) or control group (normal vision). Both groups performed identical badminton-specific training drills implemented into the regular training schedule. Before and after a 10-wk training period and after a 6-wk retention interval, athletes performed a laboratory reaction test to determine EMG onset and visuomotor reaction time (VMRT). In addition, a field test investigated stroboscopic training effects on the quality of ball–racquet contact and net drop performance.

Results
VMRT decreased immediately after stroboscopic training (pre, 251 ms; post, 238 ms; P = 0.005, d = 0.63), and reactions remained significantly faster after the retention interval (retention, 241 ms; P = 0.041, d = 0.50). Analyses on EMG onset data suggested these adaptations were attributable to the premotor rather than the motor time. VMRT remained unchanged in the control group (pre, 252 ms; post, 256; retention, 253 ms; P > 0.99). Field test performance improvements were observed for the quality of ball–racquet contact and net drop performance; however, changes were not different between groups.

Conclusions
Stroboscopic training induced short- and long-term accelerations of visuomotor reaction speed in elite badminton players. Stroboscopic eyewear may be an effective training tool to accelerate visuomotor reactions in highly skilled athletes.
Understanding COVID-19 in at-risk patients
Authors: Perry Margaret Ann 
Published: October 2020

People with underlying health conditions have been shown to be at greater risk from COVID-19. Margaret Ann Perry explains what has been learnt so far Coronavirus and COVID-19 hit the headlines at the end of January 2020 when the first cases in the UK were confirmed. Since then the condition has continued to dominate the headlines as the number of deaths has risen around the world. People with underlying health conditions have been found to be at greater risk of severe disease. This article gives information on what has been learnt so far.
Characterization and application of nonlinear plastic materials for
post-CPA pulse compression
Authors: Tamer I. , Hornung M. , Lukas L. , Hellwing M. , Keppler S. , Van Hull R. , Hein J. , Zepf M. , Kaluza M. C. 
Published: October 2020

We demonstrate the three-fold post-chirped-pulse-amplification (post-CPA) pulse compression of a high peak power laser pulse using allyl diglycol carbonate (CR39), which was selected as the optimal material for near-field self-phase modulation out of a set of various nonlinear plastic materials, each characterized with respect to its nonlinear refractive index and optical transmission. The investigated materials could be applied for further pulse compression at high peak powers, as well as for gain narrowing compensation within millijoule-class amplifiers. The post-CPA pulse compression technique was tested directly after the first CPA stage within the POLARIS laser system, with the compact setup containing a single 1 mm thick plastic sample and a chirped mirror pair, which enabled a substantial shortening of the compressed pulse duration and, hence, a significant increase in the laser peak power without any additional modifications to the existing CPA chain.
Smart Dust und Micro Robots im industriellen Sektor
Authors: Holler Manuel , Dremel Christian , van Giffen Benjamin , Fuchs Rainer 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungNeben der massiven Erhöhung der Leistungsfähigkeit ist die radikale Miniaturisierung von Technologien ein zentraler Aspekt des digitalen Zeitalters – auch im Bereich der Robotik. In diesem Kontext stellen Smart Dust und Micro Robots mikro-elektro-mechanische Systeme im Sub-Millimeter-Bereich dar, je nach Ausprägung mit Sensorik‑, Verarbeitungs‑, Kommunikations- und Aktuatorikfähigkeiten ausgestattet. Dieser praxisorientierte Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Rolle von Smart Dust und Micro Robots im industriellen Sektor auf der Evidenzgrundlage von Fokusgruppen mit Industrievertretern. Interessierten Fach- und Führungskräften wird aufgezeigt, welche Potentiale resultieren, welche Hürden gemeistert werden müssen und welche strategische Aktivitäten es zur wertschöpfenden Nutzung in die Wege zu leiten gilt. Auch wenn heute in der Praxis noch schwierig umzusetzen, erkennt die Industrie diese Technologien und den damit verbundenen Mehrwert durchaus an.
Vertical transmission of zika virus in Aedes albopictus
Authors: Lai Zetian , Zhou Tengfei , Zhou Jiayong , Liu Shuang , Xu Ye , Gu Jinbao , Yan Guiyun , Chen Xiao-Guang 
Published: October 2020

Background
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne flavivirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Aedes albopictus is an important vector of ZIKV worldwide. To date, most experiments have focused on the vertical transmission of ZIKV in Ae. aegypti, while studies on Ae. albopictus are very limited. To explore vertical transmission in Ae. albopictus, a series of laboratory studies were carried out.

Methodology/Principal findings
In this study, Ae. albopictus were blood-fed with ZIKV-infectious blood, and the ovaries and offspring viral infection rates were analyzed by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). ZIKV was detected in the ovaries and oviposited eggs in two gonotrophic cycles. The minimum filial egg infection rates in two gonotrophic cycles were 2.06% and 0.69%, and the effective population transmission rate was 1.87%. The hatching, pupation, and emergence rates of infected offspring were not significantly different from those of uninfected offspring, indicating that ZIKV did not prevent the offspring from completing the growth and development process. ZIKV was detected in three of thirteen C57BL/6 suckling mice bitten by ZIKV-positive F1 females, and the viremia persisted for at least seven days.

Conclusions/Significance
ZIKV can be vertically transmitted in Ae. albopictus via transovarial transmission. The vertical transmission rates in F1 eggs and adults were 2.06% and 1.87%, respectively. Even though the vertical transmission rates were low, the female mosquitoes infected via the congenital route horizontally transmitted ZIKV to suckling mice through bloodsucking. This is the first experimental evidence of offspring with vertically transmitted ZIKV initiating new horizontal transmission. The present study deepens the understanding of the vertical transmission of flaviviruses in Aedes mosquitoes and sheds light on the prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases.
Disease Course and Treatment Response of Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases in Children With Liver Transplantation: Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Ozdogan Elif , Doganay Latife , Can Demet , Arikan Cigdem 
Published: October 2020

INTRODUCTION:
To describe the clinical and laboratory profile, natural course, treatment outcome, and risk factors of posttransplant esophageal and nonesophageal eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGIDs).

METHODS:
All children (aged <18 years) who underwent liver transplantation, between 2011 and 2019, in a single transplant center with a follow-up period of 1 year or more posttransplant and with a history of posttransplant endoscopic evaluation were included in this study.

RESULTS:
During the study period, 89 children met the inclusion criteria. Patients were followed for a median of 8.0 years. A total of 39 (44%) patients were diagnosed with EGID after transplantation. Of these, 29 (33%) had eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), and 10 (11%) had eosinophilic gastritis, gastroenteritis or enterocolitis. In comparison with the non-EGID group, patients with EGID were younger at transplant (P ≤ 0.0001), transplanted more frequently due to biliary atresia (P ≤ 0.0001), and had higher rates of pretransplant allergy (P = 0.019). In the posttransplant period, they had higher rates of mammalian Target of Rapamycin inhibitor use (P = 0.006), Epstein-Barr virus viremia (P = 0.03), post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (P = 0.005), and allergen sensitization (P ≤ 0.0001). In regression analysis, young age at transplant, age at diagnosis, pretransplant atopic dermatitis, and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease were associated with an increased risk of EGID or EoE. Laboratory abnormalities such as anemia (P = 0.007), thrombocytosis (P = 0.012), and hypoalbuminemia (P = 0.031) were more commonly observed in the eosinophilic gastritis, gastroenteritis or enterocolitis group than in the EoE group. Following treatment, most patients had symptomatic resolution at 3 months and histologic resolution at 6 months postdiagnosis. Among the patients who had 5 years of follow-up, none recurred.

DISCUSSION:
EGID is a common posttransplant diagnosis, which seems to affect patients who are transplanted earlier and who have pretransplant atopy. Posttransplant EGID is responsive to treatment, but as histologic remission occurs after symptomatic resolution, the decision to perform control endoscopy should be delayed.

JOURNAL/ajgast/04.03/00000434-202101000-00031/inline-graphic1/v/2023-07-18T070732Z/r/image-tiff
Menopausal Women: Recognition, Exercise Benefits, Considerations, and Programming Needs
Authors: Binkley Helen M. , Phillips Kristi L. , Wise Stephanie L. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Recognition of the physiological and psychological concerns associated with menopausal women is described. A review of the current literature regarding these conditions (vasomotor responses, insomnia, sarcopenia, osteoporosis, obesity, cardiovascular conditions, metabolic concerns, and psychological concerns) and how exercise impacts the conditions are discussed. Considerations of exercise for menopausal women are presented. General exercise programming and exercise adherence preferences are reviewed with recommendations for a variety of exercise types, exercise progressions, and exercise programming to meet the needs of the menopausal woman to improve overall health and well-being.
Blood Pressure Characteristics and Responses During Resistance Exercise
Authors: Apkarian Marc R. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Blood pressure changes acutely during resistance exercise. Continuous, beat-by-beat assessment provides detailed temporal resolution of blood pressure profiles, through techniques including intra-arterial catheterization, photoplethysmography, or applanation tonometry. However, noncontinuous measurements may be conducted before and after resistance exercise through auscultatory sphygmomanometry or oscillometry. Blood pressures tend to increase across repetitions within sets, influenced by load magnitude, repetitions and sets performed, muscle mass recruited, and rest periods; the highest pressures result from multi-joint, large muscle group exercises. Evaluation of such factors may facilitate better understanding of blood pressure responses to acute resistance exercise and influence program design considerations relative to anticipated hemodynamic changes.