bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How 25 years of psychosocial research has contributed to a better understanding of the links between depression and diabetes
Authors: Pouwer F. , Schram M. T. , Iversen M. M. , Nouwen A. , Holt R. I. G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis narrative review of the literature provides a summary and discussion of 25 years of research into the complex links between depression and diabetes. Systematic reviews have shown that depression occurs more frequently in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes compared with people without diabetes. Currently, it remains unclear whether depression is also more common in people with impaired glucose metabolism or undiagnosed type 2 diabetes compared with people without diabetes. More prospective epidemiological research into the course of depression and an exploration of mechanisms in individuals with diabetes are needed. Depression in diabetes is associated with less optimal self‐care behaviours, suboptimal glycaemic control, impaired quality of life, incident micro‐ and macrovascular diseases, and elevated mortality rates. Randomized controlled trails concluded that depression in diabetes can be treated with antidepressant medication, cognitive–behavioural therapy (individual, group‐based or web‐based), mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy and stepped care. Although big strides forward have been made in the past 25 years, scientific evidence about depression in diabetes remains incomplete. Future studies should investigate mechanisms that link both conditions and test new diabetes‐specific web‐ or app‐based interventions for depression in diabetes. It is important to determine whether treatment or prevention of depression prevents future diabetes complications and lowers mortality rates.
Advances in femtosecond laser processing of optical material for device applications
Authors: Choi Jiyeon , Schwarz Casey 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFemtosecond laser induced changes and writing in optical materials have proven to be an excellent route to the production of high‐quality micro‐ and nanofabrication of functional devices. In this paper we present the latest advancements in femtosecond laser processing of optical materials for device applications. We look at femtosecond direct laser writing for photonic device fabrication in fused silica and active glasses. We also discuss femtosecond laser writing and wet chemical etching in fused silica, Foturan, and chalcogenide glasses with applications in microfluidics, optics, sensors, and photonic devices.
Expression of Th17‐ and Treg‐specific transcription factors in vitiligo patients
Authors: Bhardwaj Supriya , Rani Seema , Kumaran Muthu S. , Bhatia Alka , Parsad Davinder 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundVitiligo is mainly considered an autoimmune skin disease as the number of IL‐17 producing Th17 cells, involved in the development of autoimmune and inflammatory pathologies, increased in vitiligo skin. T regulatory cells (Tregs) seem to be altered during the disease. Thus, there must be some upstream molecular factors that regulate the cellular response to apoptotic and inflammatory stimuli.ObjectivesTo investigate the expression of Th17‐ and Treg‐specific transcription factors in PBMCs and to evaluate the correlation between these transcription factors and cytokines in vitiligo patients.MethodsWe investigated 30 active NSV patients for Th17‐ and Treg‐specific transcription factors RORγt (retinoic acid‐related orphan receptor gamma t), FOXP3 (forkhead/winged helix), HELIOS, EOS, and IRF4 (Interferon Regulatory Factor 4) as well as apoptotic marker NALP1 (NACHT‐leucine‐rich‐repeat protein 1) in PBMCs with RT‐qPCR. Immunostaining was done for transcription factors and cytokines on skin sections.ResultsThe mRNA level of FOXP3 was significantly lower in patients (0.76 fold, P < 0.001), whereas RORγt was slight but not significantly increased (0.76 fold, P = 0.06). Furthermore, NALP1 in lymphocytes was found to be increased in patients (0.69 fold, P < 0.01). The immunostaining results revealed increased expression of RORγ, IL‐17A, NALP1, and IL‐1β in vitiligo skin when compared to normal healthy skin.ConclusionReduced FOXP3/RORγt mRNA ratio suggests thriving of the Th17 cell population in PBMCs of vitiligo patients. Increased NALP1 levels indicate the existence of an apoptotic phenomenon which correlates with the increased expression of IL‐1β in vitiligo pathogenesis.
Clinical profile, anatomical features and long‐term outcome of acute coronary syndromes in human immunodeficiency virus‐infected patients
Authors: Postigo Andrea , Díez‐Delhoyo Felipe , Devesa Carolina , Bruña Vanesa , Clavero‐Olmos Marta , Vicent Lourdes , Juárez Miriam , Sousa Iago , Fernández‐Avilés Francisco , Martínez‐Sellés Manuel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term prognosis of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected patients is unknown.AimsTo compare outcomes after ACS in HIV‐infected and uninfected patients.MethodsRetrospective observational study. HIV cases were matched with two HIV‐uninfected controls for age, sex and type of ACS.ResultsIn 92 HIV patients (mean age 51.3 ± 9.0 years, 7.6% women), the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was high (smoking 71.7%; hypertension 41.3%; diabetes 14.1%); dyslipidaemia was more frequent (53 (57.6%) vs 79 (42.9%), P = 0.02) and obesity less common (8 (8.7%) vs 41 (22.3%), P = 0.002) than in controls. Eighty‐seven (94.6%) HIV patients had undetectable viral load and 85 (92.4%) were under anti‐retroviral therapy. Multivessel disease was more common in HIV patients than in controls (44 (47.8%) vs 71 (39.1%); P = 0.05) as was Killip class 3–4 on admission (9 (9.8%) vs 6 (3.3%); P = 0.04). The rate of in‐hospital mortality was similar in both groups (2%), and there were no significant differences in 3‐year mortality (10.2% vs 5.7%; P = 0.27). Non‐cardiovascular readmissions at 3 years were more frequent in HIV patients than in controls (36.5% vs 7.4%; P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified previous coronary artery disease as the strongest predictor of mortality in HIV patients (hazard ratio 4.7, 95% confidence interval 1.4–15.7, P = 0.01), whereas HIV infection was not associated with prognosis.ConclusionHIV patients with ACS had more frequent multivessel disease and heart failure than matched controls. However, in‐hospital and long‐term mortality was similar in both groups. Non‐cardiovascular re‐hospitalisations were more common in HIV patients.
Use of a limited‐channel device for obstructive sleep apnoea diagnosis in a tertiary sleep disorders centre
Authors: Smith Dugal , Park Joanna , Hay Karen , Hoey Lynn , Leong Gemma , Leong Matthew , Downey Carl , Curtin Deanne , Tay George 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundA major impediment to the provision of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) treatment is reliance on labour‐intensive and costly laboratory‐based polysomnography (PSG).AimsTo investigate if measurement of oximetry and nasal flow through the ApneaLink device (AL) could identify patients with moderate–severe OSA among those referred for PSG to a tertiary sleep service.MethodsNew referrals to The Prince Charles Hospital Sleep Disorders Centre were assessed for suitability. Demographics, anthropometrics, Epworth Sleepiness and OSA50 scores were collected. Exclusion criteria included age <18 years, pregnancy, significant cognitive impairment, poorly controlled psychiatric disorder, domiciliary oxygen and prior OSA treatment. Participants underwent concurrent type 1 PSG and AL assessments.ResultsOne hundred participants had a mean age of 55 years (standard deviation 17) and were 49% male. Forty‐eight (48%) had moderate–severe OSA on PSG. Composite variable AL 3% oxygen desaturation index ≥16 and AL apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI) ≥15 had receiver operator characteristic area under the curve of 0.87, sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 94% for PSG AHI ≥15. The three false‐positives seen with this composite variable had PSG AHI 11–14 and Epworth Sleepiness Score 6–17. The various composites of AL, anthropometric and questionnaire variables did not improve the AUC or specificity but did improve sensitivity.ConclusionsAL is useful in the diagnosis of moderate–severe OSA in patients referred to a tertiary sleep disorders centre. This could lessen reliance on PSG, expedite OSA care, lead to significant cost savings and make diagnosis of OSA more available in non‐urban areas.
‘I have anxiety, but I have values and preferences’ Experiences of users with generalized anxiety disorder: A qualitative study
Authors: Hurtado María M. , Villena Amelia , Vega Amanda , Amor Gisela , Gómez Clara , Morales‐Asencio José Miguel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTo understand the experience and perceptions of people diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder, along the whole process and their role through the decision‐making process for their treatment. A qualitative study through focus groups composed of people diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder was carried out. Content analysis was carried out to explore the most representative issues. Five thematic categories were identified: onset of the disorder, symptoms and course; daily life with the disorder; coping with the disorder; demand of healthcare for anxiety, and treatment options and decision‐making. Most of the patients reported physical symptoms of anxiety. The majority of participants perceived little social support from their environment and occupational interferences. Coping seems to differ among participant that have recovered or not recovered. The involvement of users with generalized anxiety disorder was scarce, and pharmacological treatment was always the first option offered. There is scarce orientation to elicit preferences and values of patients across the process of care for people with generalized anxiety disorder. The consequence is a biased predisposition of the healthcare system to provide pharmacological treatment as the first option and ignore the perspective of patients on how to cope with their illness.
The origin of urban communities: From the regional species pool to community assemblages in city
Authors: Fournier Bertrand , Frey David , Moretti Marco 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimCities worldwide are characterized by unique human stressors that filter species based on their traits, potentially leading to biodiversity loss. The knowledge of which species are filtered and at which scale is important to gain a more mechanistic understanding of urban community assembly and to develop strategies to manage human impact on urban ecosystems. We investigate the ecological mechanisms shaping urban community assembly, taking into account changes across scales, taxa and urban green space types.LocationCity of Zurich, Switzerland.TaxonCarabid beetles and wild bees.MethodsWe use a large species occurrence and trait dataset with a high spatial resolution to assess the filtering effect of a medium‐sized city on a regional pool of potential colonists. We then assess the filtering from the urban pool to five widely distributed types of urban green spaces.ResultsWe found that our model city selects for functionally similar but taxonomically diverse bee and carabid beetle species from the regional species pool. Within the city, community assembly processes vary among green space types and taxa resulting in important changes in community taxonomic and functional composition.Main conclusionsOur findings suggest that urban community assembly is a multi‐scale process dominated by the strong environmental filtering from a regional to an urban species pool. This leads to the selection of species pre‐adapted to urban conditions. Spatial habitat heterogeneity within and among UGS types can maintain an important taxonomic diversity within cities. However, increasing urban functional diversity would require stronger management efforts that consider regional ecological processes.
Information and communication technology coordinators: Their intended roles and architectures for learning
Authors: Woo David James , Law Nancy 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the roles of information and communication technology (ICT) coordinators, using architectures for learning as the theoretical framework to identify (a) the structures and mechanisms utilized to decide the role of a coordinator and (b) those organized for the coordinator to realize a role within a school context of ICT‐enabled, instructional reform. Data on ICT coordinator roles were collected from semi‐structured interviews with ICT coordinators and colleagues, and from school documents. The data were analysed and coded according to the elements of architectures for learning and shown to influence instructional reform. The paper presents four cases of ICT coordinators with roles intended to provide instructional support, technical support, both instructional and technical support, and neither instructional nor technical support. By comparing architectures for learning associated with different intended roles, we find that different conceptualizations of the ICT coordinator are connected to particular decision‐making mechanisms and organizational units found in a school. We also uncover differences in architectures for learning organized for ICT coordinators that are intended to provide instructional support compared with those intended to provide technical support. Using an architectures for learning framework in the design of an ICT coordinator role can be foundational to the successful participation of the role in the instructional reform.
Expert consensus on clinical applicability of the American Geriatrics Society‐Beers Criteria to older persons in Africa: An exploratory validation study
Authors: Saka Sule Ajibola , Oosthuizen Frasia , Nlooto Manimbulu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesThere are currently no criteria to guide appropriate prescribing to older persons in Africa. Although the American Geriatrics Society‐Beers (AGS‐Beers) Criteria appear to be favoured by African researchers, there is a need to adapt its recommendations to the continent's health care systems. This study aimed to adapt the AGS‐Beers recommendations to Nigerian and South African health care contexts.MethodsA modified Delphi technique was used to explore Nigerian and South African experts' consensus on the applicability of the 2015 AGS‐Beers Criteria recommendations to older persons in Africa. Thirty‐two recommendations, 21 from the parent Criteria and 11 modified, were explored among 10 purposively selected medical and pharmacy experts in a predetermined two‐round survey that utilized a 5‐point Likert scale. Consensus was defined as a lower‐limit 95% CI mean ratings of ≥3.0.ResultsOverall, the experts reached consensus on 62.5% (20/32) of the recommendations and 76.2% (16/21) of the parent AGS‐Beers' recommendations specifically. While the experts consensually agreed that medications with strong anticholinergic effects should be generally avoided in older persons, mean = 4.11 (SD = ±1.27, 95% CI, 3.14‐5.09), they could not reach a consensus on the context‐specific recommendation to avoid amitriptyline in neuropathic pain mean = 3.11 (SD = ±1.05, 95% CI, 2.30‐3.92).ConclusionsThe 2015 AGS‐Beers Criteria were adapted to the Nigerian and South African health care contexts. The adapted and the parent recommendations differed in their context specificity. The recommendations may serve as a guide to clinicians when prescribing medications to older persons in Nigeria and South Africa.
Spatial perspectives enhance modeling of nanomaterial risks
Authors: Moore Elizabeth A. , Babbitt Callie W. , Tomaszewski Brian , Tyler Anna Christina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNovel engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are increasingly being manufactured and integrated into renewable energy generation and storage technologies. Past research estimated the potential impact of this increased demand on environmental systems, due to both the life cycle impact of ENM production and the potential for their direct release into ecosystems. However, many models treat ENM production and use as spatially implicit, without considering the specific geographic location of potential emissions. By not considering geographical context, ENM accumulation or impact may be underestimated. Here, we introduce an integrated predictive model that forecasts likely ENM manufacturing locations and potential emissions to the environment, with a focus on critical environmental areas and freshwater ecosystems. Spatially explicit ENM concentrations are estimated for four case study ENMs that have promising application in lithium‐ion battery production. Results demonstrate that potential ENM exposure from manufacturing locations within buffer zones of sensitive ecosystems would accumulate to levels associated with measured ecotoxicity risk under high release scenarios, underscoring the importance of adding a spatial and temporal perspective to life cycle toxicity impact assessment. This predictive integrated modeling approach is novel to the nanomaterial literature and can be adapted to other regions and material case studies to proactively inform life cycle tradeoffs and decision‐making.
How do the ownership structure and board of directors' features impact earnings management? The Spanish case
Authors: Saona Paolo , Muro Laura , Alvarado María 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper examines how the ownership structure and board of directors' features determine the managerial opportunistic behavior exemplified in the management of accounting earnings. This study contributes to the literature by investigating the relationship of firm‐level and country‐level corporate governance systems on the earnings management in the Spanish corporate sector. Results reveal that the varying efficiency of the corporate governance systems is reflected in the way in which accounting discretion is performed. We found evidence that earnings management is reduced as the voting rights of the controlling shareholder increased and that there is an inverse U‐shaped relationship between insiders' ownership and the earnings manipulation. Regarding the board characteristics, we observe that larger, independent boards, those with a larger proportion of female members, and those with an audit committee compounded by a greater proportion of outside independent directors oversee managers more efficiently, constraining their capacity to manage earnings. To the contrary, board duality increases the likelihood of opportunistic manipulation of financial reporting. We found that when the institutional environment improves in the Spanish context, the discretionary power of the corporate sector to overstate the financial statements is reduced. The findings prove the necessity of reinforcing the rules and regulations toward a more transparent disclosure of the financial statements.
The effect of thermoregulation quality improvement initiatives on the admission temperature of premature/very low birth‐weight infants in neonatal intensive care units: A systematic review
Authors: Donnellan Denise , Moore Zena , Patton Declan , O'Connor Tom , Nugent Linda 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this review was to ascertain the impact of thermoregulation quality improvement initiatives (QIs) on the admission temperatures of premature/very‐low‐birth‐weight infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).MethodsA systematic search of databases Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane library was carried out. Specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were adhered to, with no publication date limitations added. The chosen studies were examined for quality, data were extracted and analysed, before a narrative synthesis was performed. The last search occurred on January 7, 2019, with PRISMA flow diagrams completed for identified studies.ResultsTen studies of varying methodology design were included in this review. Variations of thermoregulation interventions were included in the 10 studies. Nevertheless, all of them demonstrated that admission temperature rates can be significantly improved by implementing a thermoregulation QI. The multidisciplinary team and ongoing education were seen as much needed components to the overall sustainability, and continuing success of the QI's.Practical ImplicationsThis systematic review determines that thermoregulation QIs can positively impact the admission temperatures of premature/very‐low‐birth‐weight infants in the NICU. Prevention of hypothermia is aimed at reducing the risks of developing major neonatal morbidities. The pooling of the results from the 10 studies helps in the sharing of outcome measures and thus, improving quantitative synthesis. More frequent monitoring of the axillary temperature would help in preventing hypothermia and hyperthermia occurring. Ongoing education and staff training are essential for managing thermoregulation successfully. Examining the compliance rates to such quality initiatives, and the variations in interventions would benefit from further research to ensure better standardisation of clinical practice.
Obstructive sleep apnea and hypertriglyceridaemia share common genetic background: Results of a twin study
Authors: Meszaros Martina , Tarnoki Adam Domonkos , Tarnoki David Laszlo , Kovacs Daniel Tamas , Forgo Bianka , Lee Jooyeon , Sung Joohon , Vestbo Jørgen , Müller Veronika , Kunos Laszlo , Bikov Andras 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObstructive sleep apnea is associated with an increased risk of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia. Both obstructive sleep apnea and its comorbidities are at least partly heritable, suggesting a common genetic background. Our aim was to analyse the heritability of the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and its comorbidities using a twin study. Forty‐seven monozygotic and 22 dizygotic adult twin pairs recruited from the Hungarian Twin Registry (mean age 51 ± 15 years) attended an overnight diagnostic sleep study. A medical history was taken, blood pressure was measured, and blood samples were taken for fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and lipoprotein (a). To evaluate the heritability of obstructive sleep apnea and its comorbidities bivariate analysis was performed with an adjustment for age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and smoking after false discovery rate correction and following exclusion of patients on lipid‐lowering and antidiabetic medications. There was a significant correlation between indices of obstructive sleep apnea severity, such as the apnea–hypopnea index, oxygen desaturation index and percentage of sleep time spent with oxygen saturation below 90%, as well as blood pressure, serum triglyceride, lipoprotein (a) and glucose levels (all p < .05). The bivariate analysis revealed a common genetic background for the correlations between serum triglyceride and the oxygen desaturation index (r = .63, p = .03), as well as percentage of sleep time spent with oxygen saturation below 90% (r = .58, p = .03). None of the other correlations were significantly genetically or environmentally determined. This twin study demonstrates that the co‐occurrence of obstructive sleep apnea with hypertriglyceridaemia has a genetic influence and heritable factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of dyslipidaemia in obstructive sleep apnea.