bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal, pregnancy, and neonatal outcomes for women with Turner syndrome
Authors: Ramage Kaylee , Grabowska Kirsten , Silversides Candice , Quan Hude , Metcalfe Amy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundTurner syndrome (TS) occurs in approximately 1 in 2500 live female births and is caused by the partial or complete loss of one of the X chromosomes, resulting in abnormalities such as ovarian failure and infertility. However, pregnancy in women with TS may still occur via spontaneous pregnancy or through oocyte donation. Limited data exists on pregnancy in women with TS that could aid in clinical care.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based cross‐sectional study using data from the Discharge Abstract Database (2004–2015), which contains all labor and delivery hospitalizations across Canada (excluding Quebec) where women delivered a live or stillborn infant. The odds of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes for women with and without TS were calculated using backwards multivariable logistic regression with generalized estimating equations, adjusting for the Obstetric Comorbidity Index, mode of delivery, and year.ResultsOverall, 2,682,284 women delivered a live or stillborn infant during the study period and 44 birth events occurred for women with TS. No severe maternal morbidity or adverse cardiovascular events occurred for women with TS at their labor and delivery hospitalization. However, infants born to women with TS were 3.6 times more likely (95% CI: 1.7–7.8) to experience neonatal morbidity than those born to women without TS. These infants also were more likely to have had a preterm birth (aOR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.6–5.4) and to be small‐for‐gestational‐age (aOR: 4.5, 95% CI: 2.4–8.4).ConclusionThis study adds further understanding of the likelihood of adverse outcomes for pregnant women with TS.
LncRNA H19 aggravates TNF‐α‐induced inflammatory injury via TAK1 pathway in MH7A cells
Authors: Yang Jialiang , Li Yixuan , Wang Lili , Zhang Zhenchun , Li Zunzhong , Jia Qian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common chronic autoimmune disease in women. This research aims to disclose the probable function of lncRNA H19 in MH7A cells.The influences of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) on cell viability, apoptosis, and inflammatory factor expression were, respectively, detected through cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8), flow cytometry, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay and Western Blot. The levels of H19 and TAK1 were, respectively, tested through qRT‐PCR and Western blot. The expression of NF‐κB and JNK/p38MAPK pathway‐associated proteins was tested through Western blot. We found that TNF‐α reduced MH7A cell viability in a concentration‐dependent manner and facilitated apoptosis and IL‐8, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 production. Besides, TNF‐α treatment raised the level of H19 in MH7A cells. Moreover, H19 silence reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines, while overexpression of H19 reversed this effect. TNF‐α treatment elevated the expression of inflammatory cytokines by up‐regulating H19. Furthermore, overexpression of H19 promoted TAK1 phosphorylation. Following studies revealed that H19 activated NF‐κB and JNK/p38 MAPK pathways by promoting TAK1 phosphorylation.
bFGF promotes neurological recovery from neonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy by IL‐1β signaling pathway‐mediated axon regeneration
Authors: Ma Zheng , Wang Fang , Xue Lu‐Lu , Niu Ying‐Jie , Hu Yue , Su Zhang‐Yu , Huang Jin , Niu Rui‐Ze , Wang Ting‐Hua , Ba Ying‐Chun , Xiong Liu‐Lin , Bai Xue 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionNeonatal hypoxia–ischemic brain damage (HIBD) can lead to serious neuron damage and dysfunction, causing a significant worldwide health problem. bFGF as a protective reagent promotes neuron repair under hypoxia/ischemia (HI). However, how bFGF and downstream molecules were regulated in HI remains elusive.MethodsWe established an in vitro HI model by culturing primary cortical neurons and treated with oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD). We suppressed the expression of bFGF by using siRNA (small interfering RNA) interference to detect the neuronal morphological changes by immunofluorescence staining. To determine the potential mechanisms regulated by bFGF, the change of downstream molecular including IL‐1β was examined in bFGF knockdown condition. IL‐1β knockout (KO) rats were generated using CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated technologies. We used an accepted rat model of HI, to assess the effect of IL‐1β deletion on disease outcomes and carried out analysis on the behavior, histological, cellular, and molecular level.ResultsWe identified that OGD can induce endogenous expression of bFGF. Both OGD and knockdown of bFGF resulted in reduction of neuron numbers, enlarged cell body and shortened axon length. We found molecules closely related to bFGF, such as interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β). IL‐1β was up‐regulated after bFGF interference under OGD conditions, suggesting complex signaling between bFGF and OGD‐mediated pathways. We found HI resulted in up‐regulation of IL‐1β mRNA in cortex and hippocampus. IL‐1β KO rats markedly attenuated the impairment of long‐term learning and memory induced by HI. Meanwhile, IL‐1β−/− (KO, homozygous) group showed better neurite growth and less apoptosis in OGD model. Furthermore, serine/threonine protein kinase (AKT1) mRNA and protein expression was significantly up‐regulated in IL‐1β KO rats.ConclusionsWe showed that IL‐1β‐mediated axon regeneration underlie the mechanism of bFGF for the treatment of HIBD in neonatal rats. Results from this study would provide insights and molecular basis for future therapeutics in treating HIBD.
Gepants for abortive treatment of migraine: A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Hong Peiwei , Tan Tianlin , Liu Yao , Xiao Jing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of gepants for abortive treatment of migraine by network meta‐analysis.Materials & MethodsPublications, which were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about gepants for abortive treatment of migraine, were acquired from Pubmed and Cochrane Library. The literatures screening and quality assessment followed the Cochrane handbook. Review manager 5.3 and Addis v1.16.8 were utilized for data analyzing.ResultsTotally, 15 RCTs were included in the network meta‐analysis. The trials enrolled were with high quality. There are 7 treatments were analyzed: BI 44370 TA, MK‐3207, olcegepant, rimegepant, telcagepant, ubrogepant, and placebo. Of these trials, 11,118 patients and 10,917 patients were assigned to one of 7 treatments randomly for efficacy assessment and safety assessment, respectively. In meta‐analysis of direct comparisons, all gepants were superior to placebo in achieving pain freedom 2 hr postdose and only rimegepant and telcagepant were higher than placebo in incidence of any adverse events. In network meta‐analysis, the rank best 3 drugs were olcegepant, BI 44370 TA, and MK‐3207 for efficacy outcomes. And the rank best 3 drugs were BI 44370 TA, placebo, and ubrogepant for safety outcomes.ConclusionGepants were effective for abortive treatment of migraine. The most effective treatment of gepants for migraine might be olcegepant which were administrated transvenously. And all of gepants were safe for migraine treatment with single dose.
Multi‐voxel pattern analysis of amygdala functional connectivity at rest predicts variability in posttraumatic stress severity
Authors: Fitzgerald Jacklynn M. , Belleau Emily L. , Miskovich Tara A. , Pedersen Walker S. , Larson Christine L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionResting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) studies demonstrate that individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) exhibit atypical functional connectivity (FC) between the amygdala, involved in the generation of emotion, and regions responsible for emotional appraisal (e.g., insula, orbitofrontal cortex [OFC]) and regulation (prefrontal cortex [PFC], anterior cingulate cortex). Consequently, atypical amygdala FC within an emotional processing and regulation network may be a defining feature of PTSD, although altered FC does not seem constrained to one brain region. Instead, altered amygdala FC involves a large, distributed brain network in those with PTSD. The present study used a machine‐learning data‐driven approach, multi‐voxel pattern analysis (MVPA), to predict PTSD severity based on whole‐brain patterns of amygdala FC.MethodsTrauma‐exposed adults (N = 90) completed the PTSD Checklist‐Civilian Version to assess symptoms and a 5‐min rsfMRI. Whole‐brain FC values to bilateral amygdala were extracted and used in a relevance vector regression analysis with a leave‐one‐out approach for cross‐validation with permutation testing (1,000) to obtain significance values.ResultsResults demonstrated that amygdala FC predicted PCL‐C scores with statistically significant accuracy (r = .46, p = .001; mean sum of squares = 130.46, p = .001; R2 = 0.21, p = .001). Prediction was based on whole‐brain amygdala FC, although regions that informed prediction (top 10%) included the OFC, amygdala, and dorsolateral PFC.ConclusionFindings demonstrate the utility of MVPA based on amygdala FC to predict individual severity of PTSD symptoms and that amygdala FC within a fear acquisition and regulation network contributed to accurate prediction.
Efficacy and safety of carbon‐ion radiotherapy for the malignant melanoma: A systematic review
Authors: Li Chengcheng , Zhang Qiuning , Li Zheng , Feng Shuangwu , Luo Hongtao , Liu Ruifeng , Wang Lina , Geng Yichao , Zhao Xueshan , Yang Zhen , Li Qiang , Yang Kehu , Wang Xiaohu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMalignant melanomas (MMs) were the fifth most common cancer in men and the sixth most common cancer in women in 2018, respectively. These are characterized by high metastatic rates and poor prognoses. We systematically reviewed safety and efficacy of carbon‐ion radiotherapy (CIRT) for treating MMs. Eleven studies were eligible for review, and the data showed that MM patients showed better local control with low recurrence and mild toxicities after CIRT. Survival rates were slightly higher in patients with cutaneous or uveal MMs than in those with mucosal MMs. CIRT in combination with chemotherapy produced higher progression‐free survival rates than CIRT only. In younger patients, higher rates of distant metastases of gynecological MMs were observed. The data indicated that CIRT is effective and safe for treating MMs; however, a combination with systemic therapy is recommended to ensure the best possible prognosis for MMs.
Rethinking clinical oncology drug research in an era of value‐based cancer care: A role for chemotherapy pathways
Authors: Hoverman J. Russell 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe United States spends nearly 1/5th of its GDP on healthcare. Yet, to achieve value‐based care, the Economist describes the US healthcare system as handicapped by multiple, disparate silos that prevent the organization and sharing of data. This paper explores the current state of clinical oncology drug research and its relationship to value‐based cancer care. Clinical Chemotherapy Pathways are proposed as a unifying structure to bring together disparate sources of data to increase value.
High Performance Catalysts BaCoO3−CeO2 Prepared by the One‐Pot Method for NO Direct Decomposition
Authors: Xie Pingping , Yong Xin , Wei Miao , Li Yongdan , Zhang Cuijuan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNO direct decomposition is the most promising but also the most challenging approach for nitrogen oxides mitigation. Developing high performance catalysts is greatly desirable to promote the application of this technology. The present catalysts BaCoO3−CeO2 prepared by the one‐pot method show superior activity towards NO direct decomposition, robust oxygen resistance and decent durability. The NO conversion to N2 of 5 %BaCoO3−CeO2 catalyst is 57.2 %, 70.1 % and 75.6 % at 700, 750 and 800 °C, respectively. It still maintains at 54.3 % even in the presence of 10 vol % O2 at 800 °C and is stable in 1 vol % O2 at least for 24 h at 750 °C. Such impressive performance is ascribed to the unique properties of CeO2, strong interaction between perovskite and CeO2, and microstructure of the catalysts rendered by the citric acid‐nitrate one‐pot method.
Anode materials for potassium‐ion batteries: Current status and prospects
Authors: Sha Mo , Liu Long , Zhao Huaping , Lei Yong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPotassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) as one of the most promising alternatives to lithium‐ion batteries have been highly valued in recent years. However, progress in KIBs is largely restricted by the sluggish development in anode materials. Therefore, it is imperative to systematically outline and evaluate the recent research advances in the field of anode materials for KIBs toward promoting the development of high‐performance anode materials for KIBs. In this review, the recent achievements in anode materials for KIBs are summarized. The electrochemical properties (ie. charge storage mechanism, capacity, rate performance, and cycling stability) of these reported anode materials, as well as their advantages/disadvantages, are discerned and analyzed, enabling high‐performance KIBs to meet the requirements for practical applications. Finally, technological developments, scientific challenges, and future research opportunities of anode materials for KIBs are briefly reviewed.
Applicability of electrical resistance tomography to the analysis of fluid distribution in haemodialysis modules
Authors: Paglianti Alessandro , Marotta Gaspare , Montante Giuseppina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis work aims to explore the applicability of electrical resistance tomography (ERT) in the analysis of fluid distribution in haemodialysis modules, which is not straightforward due to the complex geometry of the hollow fibre bundles and the small sizes of the modules. On the other hand, ERT is potentially a suitable and convenient technique for investigation in this field due to its cost‐effectiveness and capacity to perform measurements in opaque systems. After a preliminary estimation of the fibre bundle local distribution, the assessment of the technique is performed by observing the time evolution of the measured conductivity maps during the module filling and emptying operations with water and air, which are alternatively fed inside or outside the fibre bundle. Reliable conductivity maps are obtained by placing the module vertically or horizontally. Additional experimental data collected by feeding liquid mixtures of different sodium chloride concentrations show that the technique is suitable for detecting concentration variations, due to the mass transfer through the fibres, and flow maldistribution, due to the specific geometry of the module. From the preliminary results collected in this work, the technique appears to be adequate for the collection of data that can support the optimization of the module geometry and computational model validation.
Nonlinear ion acoustic waves in dissipative and dispersive magneto‐rotating relativistic plasmas with two temperature superthermal electrons
Authors: Abbasi M.M. , Masood W. , Khan Majid , Ahmad Ali 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA study has been presented for the nonlinear features of ion‐acoustic (IA) shock waves in a magnetorotating plasma consisting of warm viscous streaming ions along with kappa‐distributed electrons having two different temperatures. In this regard, we have employed the reductive perturbation technique to derive the Zakharov‐Kuznetsov‐Burgers (ZKB) equation that governs the dynamics of IA shock waves. The solution obtained by the hyperbolic tangent method has been shown to depend on various plasma parameters such as spectral index (κc), density fraction (f), effective rotation frequency (Ωc), ion kinematic viscosity (ηo), and temperature ratio (σ). In the limiting case when dissipative coefficient D → 0, we have also examined the solitary potential distributions, which are the solutions of Zakharov Kuznetsov (ZK) equation. It is found that both rarefactive and compressive structures exist for the system under consideration. The transition in the nature of such profiles is due to the enhancement in the density of cold electrons. The importance of present theoretical investigations has been carried out with regard to Saturn's magnetosphere, where two temperature superthermal electron populations have been observed by various satellite missions.
MAFB modulates the maturation of lymphatic vascular networks in mice
Authors: Rondon‐Galeano Maria , Skoczylas Renae , Bower Neil I. , Simons Cas , Gordon Emma , Francois Mathias , Koltowska Katarzyna , Hogan Benjamin M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundLymphatic vessels play key roles in tissue fluid homeostasis, immune cell trafficking and in diverse disease settings. Lymphangiogenesis requires lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) differentiation, proliferation, migration, and co‐ordinated network formation, yet the transcriptional regulators underpinning these processes remain to be fully understood. The transcription factor MAFB was recently identified as essential for lymphangiogenesis in zebrafish and in cultured human LECs. MAFB is activated in response to VEGFC‐VEGFR3 signaling and acts as a downstream effector. However, it remains unclear if the role of MAFB in lymphatic development is conserved in the mammalian embryo.ResultsWe generated a Mafb loss‐of‐function mouse using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Mafb mutant mice presented with perinatal lethality associated with cyanosis. We identify a role for MAFB in modifying lymphatic network morphogenesis in the developing dermis, as well as developing and postnatal diaphragm. Furthermore, mutant vessels displayed excessive smooth muscle cell coverage, suggestive of a defect in the maturation of lymphatic networks.ConclusionsThis work confirms a conserved role for MAFB in murine lymphatics that is subtle and modulatory and may suggest redundancy in MAF family transcription factors during lymphangiogenesis.
Demographic trends in community functional tolerance reflect tree responses to climate and altered fire regimes
Authors: Marshall L. A. , Falk D. A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractForests of the western United States are undergoing substantial stress from fire exclusion and increasing effects of climate change, altering ecosystem functions and processes. Changes in broad‐scale drivers of forest community composition become apparent in their effect on survivorship and regeneration, driving demographic shifts. Here we take a community functional approach to forest demography, by investigating mean drought or shade functional tolerance in community assemblages. We created the Community Mean Tolerance Index (CMTI), a response metric utilizing drought/shade tolerance trade‐offs to identify communities undergoing demographic change from a functional trait perspective. We applied the CMTI to Forest Inventory and Analysis data to investigate demographic trends in drought and shade tolerance across the southern Rocky Mountains. To find the major drivers of change in community tolerance within and across forest types, we compared index trends to climate and fire‐exclusion‐driven disturbance, and identified areas where demographic change was most pronounced. We predicted that greater shifts in drought tolerance would occur at lower forest type ecotones where climate stress is limiting and that shifts in shade tolerance would correspond to excursions from the historic fire regime leading to greater changes in forest types adapted to frequent, low‐intensity fire. The CMTI was applied spatially to identify sites likely to transition to oak shrubfield, where disturbance history combined with a species‐driven demographic shift toward drought tolerance. Within forest types, lower elevations are trending toward increased drought tolerance, while higher elevations are trending toward increased shade tolerance. Across forest types, CMTI difference peaked in mid‐elevation ponderosa pine and mixed‐conifer forests, where fire exclusion and autecology drive demographic changes. Peak CMTI difference was associated with fire exclusion in forest types adapted to frequent fire. At higher elevations, site‐level stand dynamics appear to be influencing demographic tolerance trends more than broad climate drivers. Through a community demographic approach to functional traits, the CMTI highlights areas and forest types where ecosystem function is in the process of changing, before persistent vegetation type change occurs. Applied to regional plot networks, the CMTI provides an early warning of shifts in community functional processes as climate change pressures continue.
The mathematical influence on global patterns of biodiversity
Authors: Beaugrand Gregory , Kirby Richard , Goberville Eric 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlthough we understand how species evolve, we do not appreciate how this process has filled an empty world to create current patterns of biodiversity. Here, we conduct a numerical experiment to determine why biodiversity varies spatially on our planet. We show that spatial patterns of biodiversity are mathematically constrained and arise from the interaction between the species’ ecological niches and environmental variability that propagates to the community level. Our results allow us to explain key biological observations such as (a) latitudinal biodiversity gradients (LBGs) and especially why oceanic LBGs primarily peak at midlatitudes while terrestrial LBGs generally exhibit a maximum at the equator, (b) the greater biodiversity on land even though life first evolved in the sea, (c) the greater species richness at the seabed than at the sea surface, and (d) the higher neritic (i.e., species occurring in areas with a bathymetry lower than 200 m) than oceanic (i.e., species occurring in areas with a bathymetry higher than 200 m) biodiversity. Our results suggest that a mathematical constraint originating from a fundamental ecological interaction, that is, the niche–environment interaction, fixes the number of species that can establish regionally by speciation or migration.
Accounting for imperfect detection in observational studies: modeling wolf sightability in Yellowstone National Park
Authors: Metz Matthew C. , SunderRaj Jeremy , Smith Douglas W. , Stahler Daniel R. , Kohl Michel T. , Cassidy Kira A. , Hebblewhite Mark 
Published: June 2020

AbstractImperfect detection is ubiquitous among wildlife research and is therefore commonly included in abundance estimation. Yet, the factors that affect observation success are largely unknown for rare and elusive species, such as large carnivores. Here, we took advantage of intensive ground‐based monitoring effort and an extensive GPS data set (2000–2018) and developed a winter sightability model for gray wolves (Canis lupus) in northern Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA. Our resulting sightability model indicated that observation success was positively affected by the topographic nature of where wolves were in relation to observer locations (viewshed), areas being less forested (openness), and wolf group size, and negatively affected by distance from observer locations. Of these, viewshed had the strongest effect on the probability of observing a wolf, with the odds of observing a wolf being four times more likely when wolves were in the predicted viewshed. Openness was the next most influential covariate, and group size was the least influential. We also tested whether a wolf being harvested from a pack when they were outside of Yellowstone National Park had an effect on wolf sightability. We did not, however, find support for human‐induced mortality affecting wolf sightability inside of Yellowstone National Park. Our results indicate that the ability to observe wolves was greatly affected by ecological and landscape‐level factors, a finding that is likely to generally extend to other large carnivores. As such, our sightability model highlights the importance of considering landscape structure and variation in large carnivore use of the landscape when conducting observational‐based studies.