bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ca2+-activated KCa3.1 potassium channels contribute to the slow afterhyperpolarization in L5 neocortical pyramidal neurons
Authors: Roshchin M. V. , Ierusalimsky V. N. , Balaban P. M. , Nikitin E. S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLayer 5 neocortical pyramidal neurons are known to display slow Ca2+-dependent afterhyperpolarization (sAHP) after bursts of spikes, which is similar to the sAHP in CA1 hippocampal cells. However, the mechanisms of sAHP in the neocortex remain poorly understood. Here, we identified the Ca2+-gated potassium KCa3.1 channels as contributors to sAHP in ER81-positive neocortical pyramidal neurons. Moreover, our experiments strongly suggest that the relationship between sAHP and KCa3.1 channels in a feedback mechanism underlies the adaptation of the spiking frequency of layer 5 pyramidal neurons. We demonstrated the relationship between KCa3.1 channels and sAHP using several parallel methods: electrophysiology, pharmacology, immunohistochemistry, and photoactivatable probes. Our experiments demonstrated that ER81 immunofluorescence in layer 5 co-localized with KCa3.1 immunofluorescence in the soma. Targeted Ca2+ uncaging confirmed two major features of KCa3.1 channels: preferential somatodendritic localization and Ca2+-driven gating. In addition, both the sAHP and the slow Ca2+-induced hyperpolarizing current were sensitive to TRAM-34, a selective blocker of KCa3.1 channels.
Environmental regulations, green innovation and intelligent upgrading of manufacturing enterprises: evidence from China
Authors: Meng Fansheng , Xu Ye , Zhao Gang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntelligent development is an inevitable choice for the green development of manufacturing enterprises, environmental regulations and green innovation play an important role in the intelligent development of manufacturing enterprises. By analyzing the interrelationships between environmental regulations, green innovation, environmental dynamism and the intelligent upgrading of manufacturing enterprises, this paper builds a model of the impact of environmental regulations on the intelligent upgrading of manufacturing enterprises. Taking the listed Chinese manufacturing enterprises that implement intelligent upgrades as the survey object, the concept model was verified. The results of the study show that environmental regulations, green innovation have a significant positive effect on intelligent upgrading of manufacturing enterprises. Furthermore, it reveals that green innovation plays a partially mediating role in the relationship between environmental regulations and the intelligent upgrading of manufacturing enterprises. Environmental dynamism have a positive adjustment effect between green innovation and the intelligent upgrading of manufacturing enterprises. The conclusion of the study deepens the relevant research on the intelligent upgrade of manufacturing enterprises, and provides theoretical basis and reference for the intelligent development of manufacturing enterprises.
The impact of the AMV on Eurasian summer hydrological cycle
Authors: Nicolì Dario , Bellucci Alessio , Iovino Doroteaciro , Ruggieri Paolo , Gualdi Silvio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractImpact studies of the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV) on the climate system are severely limited by the lack of sufficiently long observational records. Relying on a model-based approach is therefore mandatory to overcome this limitation. Here, a novel experimental setup, designed in the framework of the CMIP6-endorsed Decadal Climate Prediction Project, is applied to the CMCC climate model to analyse the remote climate impact of the AMV on the Northern Eurasian continent. Model results show that, during Boreal summer, an enhanced warming associated to a positive phase of the AMV, induces a hemispheric-scale wave-train response in the atmospheric circulation, affecting vast portions of Northern Eurasia. The overall AMV-induced response consists in an upper-tropospheric anomalous flows leading to a rainfall increase over Scandinavia and Siberia and to an intensified river runoff by the major Siberian rivers. A strengthening of Eurasian shelves’ stratification, broadly consistent with the anomalous river discharge, is found in the proximity of the river mouths during positive-AMV years. Considering that Siberian rivers (Ob’, Yenisei and Lena) account for almost half of the Arctic freshwater input provided by terrestrial sources, the implications of these findings for decadal variability and predictability of the Arctic environment are also discussed.
A hydrodynamics assessment of the hammerhead shark cephalofoil
Authors: Gaylord Matthew K. , Blades Eric L. , Parsons Glenn R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHammerhead sharks are characterized by a conspicuous lateral expansion of the head forming a structure known as a cephalofoil. Two theories regarding the function of this structure suggest that it may increase maneuverability as well as produce dynamic lift similar to a cambered airplane wing. Here we report on a family-wide computational fluid dynamics analysis of all eight hammerhead shark species and three sharks with typical head shape. Models cast of the heads of fresh and museum specimens of hammerhead and typical sharks were used to produce pressure surface maps and lift and drag polar diagrams at various angles of attack. These analyses suggested that the cephalofoil (1) provides greater maneuverability that may be important in prey capture efficacy, (2) does not provide significant dynamic lift when held parallel to flow, (3) is characterized by greater drag than typical sharks across all attack angles, and (4) was found to result in a 10-x increase in energetic cost over typical shark head morphologies.
VEGF-A splice variants bind VEGFRs with differential affinities
Authors: Mamer Spencer B. , Wittenkeller Ashley , Imoukhuede P. I. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and its binding to VEGFRs is an important angiogenesis regulator, especially the earliest-known isoform, VEGF-A165a. Yet several additional splice variants play prominent roles in regulating angiogenesis in health and in vascular disease, including VEGF-A121 and an anti-angiogenic variant, VEGF-A165b. Few studies have attempted to distinguish these forms from their angiogenic counterparts, experimentally. Previous studies of VEGF-A:VEGFR binding have measured binding kinetics for VEGFA165 and VEGF-A121, but binding kinetics of the other two pro- and all anti-angiogenic splice variants are not known. We measured the binding kinetics for VEGF-A165, -A165b, and -A121 with VEGFR1 and VEGF-R2 using surface plasmon resonance. We validated our methods by reproducing the known affinities between VEGF-A165a:VEGFR1 and VEGF-A165a:VEGFR2, 1.0 pM and 10 pM respectively, and validated the known affinity VEGF-A121:VEGFR2 as KD = 0.66 nM. We found that VEGF-A121 also binds VEGFR1 with an affinity KD = 3.7 nM. We further demonstrated that the anti-angiogenic variant, VEGF-A165b selectively prefers VEGFR2 binding at an affinity = 0.67 pM while binding VEGFR1 with a weaker affinity—KD = 1.4 nM. These results suggest that the − A165b anti-angiogenic variant would preferentially bind VEGFR2. These discoveries offer a new paradigm for understanding VEGF-A, while further stressing the need to take care in differentiating the splice variants in all future VEGF-A studies.
A training algorithm for networks of high-variability reservoirs
Authors: Freiberger Matthias , Bienstman Peter , Dambre Joni 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPhysical reservoir computing approaches have gained increased attention in recent years due to their potential for low-energy high-performance computing. Despite recent successes, there are bounds to what one can achieve simply by making physical reservoirs larger. Therefore, we argue that a switch from single-reservoir computing to multi-reservoir and even deep physical reservoir computing is desirable. Given that error backpropagation cannot be used directly to train a large class of multi-reservoir systems, we propose an alternative framework that combines the power of backpropagation with the speed and simplicity of classic training algorithms. In this work we report our findings on a conducted experiment to evaluate the general feasibility of our approach. We train a network of 3 Echo State Networks to perform the well-known NARMA-10 task, where we use intermediate targets derived through backpropagation. Our results indicate that our proposed method is well-suited to train multi-reservoir systems in an efficient way.
Human serum albumin as a clinically accepted cell carrier solution for skin regenerative application
Authors: Shahin Hady , Elmasry Moustafa , Steinvall Ingrid , Markland Katrin , Blomberg Pontus , Sjöberg Folke , El-Serafi Ahmed T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe rules governing Medicinal Products in the European Union necessitates the production of cell-based therapy in good manufacturing practice facilities. The produced cells may need several hours in transportation to reach the application sites. In this study, we investigated four candidate solutions for transporting human keratinocytes. The solutions are (1) normal saline, (2) saline with 2.5% human serum albumin (Saline + HSA), (3) chemically defined, xeno-free keratinocyte media and (4) keratinocyte media with pituitary bovine extract (PBE-media). One million keratinocytes from three donors were suspended in each solution and kept at 4 °C for up to 24 h. Cells kept in Saline + HSA showed higher viability after 1, 3 and 24 h. Then, equal number of viable cells were seeded on collagenous matrix and cultured for 48 h. The adhesion and colonization were higher in the cells kept in PBE-media, while the keratinocyte surface marker, cytokeratin 14, was present in all studied groups. These results confirmed the suitability of Saline + HSA as a cell transportation solution for clinical use, which will be the choice for the planned clinical trial. Keratinocyte PBE-media can be an alternative for cells transported for research purpose, if the same media type is going to be used in the following experiments.
Liver dysfunction is associated with poor prognosis in patients after immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy
Authors: Yokohama Keisuke , Asai Akira , Matsui Masahiro , Okamoto Norio , Yasuoka Hidetaka , Nishikawa Tomohiro , Ohama Hideko , Tsuchimoto Yusuke , Inoue Yoshihiro , Fukunishi Shinya , Uchiyama Kazuhisa , Higuchi Kazuhide 
Published: September 2020

AbstractImmune-related adverse events (irAEs) are induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Liver is one of the main target organs which irAEs occur and we investigated the influence of liver dysfunction on prognosis of patients after ICIs. From July 2014 to December 2018, 188 patients with diverse cancers who received ICIs (nivolumab or pembrolizumab) were enrolled. Twenty-nine patients experienced liver dysfunction of any grades after ICIs. Progression-free survival (PFS) was significantly shorter in the liver dysfunction-positive group than in the liver dysfunction-negative group, and a similar result was obtained for Overall survival (OS). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed liver metastasis and alanine aminotransferase before ICIs were associated with a higher incidence of liver dysfunction after ICIs. Regardless of liver metastasis, PFS and OS were significantly shorter in the liver dysfunction-positive group. In conclusion, this study suggests liver dysfunction is associated with poor prognosis in patients after ICIs with diverse cancers.
Schisandrin B regulates MC3T3-E1 subclone 14 cells proliferation and differentiation through BMP2-SMADs-RUNX2-SP7 signaling axis
Authors: Wang Xueni , Liao Xiuling , Zhang Yimin , Wei Linyao , Pang Yuzhou 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSchisandrin B (SchB) is the highest content of biphenyl cyclooctene lignans in Schisandra chinensis. It has been reported to have a variety of pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, heart protection, liver protection. In this study, we found that SchB can promote the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 subclone 14 cells. Meanwhile, we found that SchB can regulate the BMP2-SMADs signaling pathway by increasing gene and protein expression of those relative biomolecules. Furthermore, SchB can raise the RUNX2 and SP7 expression in both mRNA and protein levels. Since the role of BMP2-SMADs-RUNX2-SP7 signaling axis in osteoblast proliferation and differentiation has been well documented. The present experimental findings indicate that SchB could promote the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts through BMP2-SMADs-RUNX2-SP7 signaling axis.
Formation of oriented fishbone-like pores in biodegradable polymer scaffolds using directional phase-separation processing
Authors: Ko Young Gun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe scaffold is a dreamed biomaterial of tissue engineers which can culture cells three-dimensionally outgrowing the two-dimensional cell culture in a petri dish to repair or regenerate tissues and organs. To maximize the performance of this dreamed material, complex three-dimensional (3D) structures should be generated with a simple technique and nontoxic ingredients. Many tissues have tubular or fibrous bundle architectures such as nerve, muscle, tendon, ligament, blood vessel, bone and teeth. The concept of mimicking the extracellualr matrix in real tissue has recently been applied to scaffold development. In this study, a novel method for preparing the poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) scaffold with a tubular architecture is presented. Solid–liquid phase-separation was applied to form tubular pores in the scaffold using the directional freezing apparatus. Pores formed in this manner exhibited a fishbone like morphology due to the two crystalline phases of 1,4-dioxane. A tubular diameter of ca. 60–250 μm was achieved by regulating the PLLA concentration and the cooling rate. The compressive modulus of the fishbone-like porous scaffold showed higher values than that of non-directional porous scaffold.
Hippocampal alterations in glutamatergic signaling during amyloid progression in AβPP/PS1 mice
Authors: Hascup Kevin N. , Findley Caleigh A. , Sime Lindsey N. , Hascup Erin R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOur previous research demonstrated that soluble amyloid-β (Aβ)42, elicits presynaptic glutamate release. We hypothesized that accumulation and deposition of Aβ altered glutamatergic neurotransmission in a temporally and spatially dependent manner. To test this hypothesis, a glutamate selective microelectrode array (MEA) was used to monitor dentate (DG), CA3, and CA1 hippocampal extracellular glutamate levels in 2–4, 6–8, and 18–20 month-old male AβPP/PS1 and age-matched C57BL/6J control mice. Starting at 6 months of age, AβPP/PS1 basal glutamate levels are elevated in all three hippocampal subregions that becomes more pronounced at the oldest age group. Evoked glutamate release was elevated in all three age groups in the DG, but temporally delayed to 18–20 months in the CA3 of AβPP/PS1 mice. However, CA1 evoked glutamate release in AβPP/PS1 mice was elevated at 2–4 months of age and declined with age. Plaque deposition was anatomically aligned (but temporally delayed) with elevated glutamate levels; whereby accumulation was first observed in the CA1 and DG starting at 6–8 months that progressed throughout all hippocampal subregions by 18–20 months of age. The temporal hippocampal glutamate changes observed in this study may serve as a biomarker allowing for time point specific therapeutic interventions in Alzheimer’s disease patients.
Virtual care models for cancer survivorship
Authors: Pham Quynh , Hearn Jason , Gao Bruce , Brown Ian , Hamilton Robert J. , Berlin Alejandro , Cafazzo Joseph A. , Feifer Andrew 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVirtual care models for cancer survivorship are needed to support patients living with the chronic effects of cancer treatment, while increasing health system capacity. Characteristics that may be critical to their success have not been adequately studied. This scoping review summarizes previous efforts to virtualize survivorship care to inform future innovations in the field. Four databases were searched for articles published before January 2020, and 24 articles that met selection criteria were included in this analysis. Rationale for pursuing virtual models of care shared two common objectives: (1) the need for sustainable survivorship care, and (2) the opportunity to improve survivorship outcomes. Breast cancer (N = 10) and prostate cancer (N = 4) were the most targeted cancers for virtual survivorship care. The implemented technologies included web platforms (N = 15), telephone calls (N = 12), and smartphone or tablet applications (N = 5). A variety of healthcare professionals were effectively involved in the provision of virtual care. Future virtual care models may benefit from integrating with existing health systems and services, repurposing common technologies, involving allied health professionals, and engaging patients and caregivers from diverse communities in the design of virtual services.
Oxidation of fish oil exacerbates alcoholic liver disease by enhancing intestinal dysbiosis in mice
Authors: Feng Ruibing , Ma Li-Juan , Wang Meng , Liu Conghui , Yang Rujie , Su Huanxing , Yang Yan , Wan Jian-Bo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe role of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has been controversial. N-3 PUFA oxidation in animal feeding stuffs was rarely concerned, likely contributing to inconsistent outcomes. Here, we report the impacts of oxidized fish oil (OFO) on ALD in C57BL/6 mice. Alcohol exposure increased plasma aminotransferase levels and hepatic inflammation. These deleterious effects were ameliorated by unoxidized FO but exacerbated by OFO. Sequencing analysis showed the accentuated intestinal dysbiosis and the increased proportion of Proteobacteria in OFO-fed mice. Intestinal sterilization by antibiotics completely abolished OFO-aggravated liver injury. Additionally, alcohol exposure leads to the greater increase in plasma endotoxin and decrease in intestinal tight junction protein expressions in OFO-fed mice. Stabilization of intestinal barrier by obeticholic acid markedly blunted OFO-aggravated liver injury in alcohol-fed mice. These results demonstrate that OFO exacerbates alcoholic liver injury through enhancing intestinal dysbiosis, barrier dysfunction, and hepatic inflammation mediated by gut-derived endotoxin.
Long-range nonspreading propagation of sound beam through periodic layered structure
Authors: Zubov Yurii , Djafari-Rouhani Bahram , Jin Yuqi , Sofield Mathew , Walker Ezekiel , Neogi Arup , Krokhin Arkadii 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLinear spreading of a wave packet or a Gaussian beam is a fundamental effect known in evolution of quantum state and propagation of optical/acoustic beams. The rate of spreading is determined by the diffraction coefficient D which is proportional to the curvature of the isofrequency surface. Here, we analyzed dispersion of sound in a solid-fluid layered structure and found a flex point on the isofrequency curve where D vanishes for given direction of propagation and frequency. Nonspreading propagation is experimentally observed in a water steel lattice of 75 periods (~1 meter long) and occurs in the regime of anomalous dispersion and strong acoustic anisotropy when the effective mass along periodicity is close to zero. Under these conditions the incoming beam experiences negative refraction of phase velocity leading to backward wave propagation. The observed effect is explained using a complete set of dynamical equations and our effective medium theory.
Optical spectroscopic observations of low-energy counterparts of Fermi-LAT γ-ray sources
Authors: Peña-Herazo H. A. , Amaya-Almazán R. A. , Massaro F. , de Menezes R. , Marchesini E. J. , Chavushyan V. , Paggi A. , Landoni M. , Masetti N. , Ricci F. , D’Abrusco R. , Cheung C. C. , La Franca F. , Smith H. A. , Milisavljevic D. , Jiménez-Bailón E. , Patiño-Álvarez V. M. , Tosti G. 
Published: September 2020

Context. A significant fraction of all γ-ray sources detected by the Large Area Telescope aboard the Fermi satellite is still lacking a low-energy counterpart. In addition, there is still a large population of γ-ray sources with associated low-energy counterparts that lack firm classifications. In the last 10 years we have undertaken an optical spectroscopic campaign to address the problem of unassociated or unidentified γ-ray sources (UGSs), mainly devoted to observing blazars and blazar candidates because they are the largest population of γ-ray sources associated to date.
Aims. Here we describe the overall impact of our optical spectroscopic campaign on sources associated in Fermi-LAT catalogs, coupled with objects found in the literature. In the literature search we kept track of efforts by different teams that presented optical spectra of counterparts or potential counterparts of Fermi-LAT catalog sources. Our summary includes an analysis of additional 30 newly collected optical spectra of counterparts or potential counterparts of Fermi-LAT sources of a previously unknown nature.
Methods. New spectra were acquired at the Blanco 4 m and OAN-SPM 2.1 m telescopes, and those available in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (data release 15) archive.
Results. All new sources with optical spectra analyzed here are classified as blazars. Thanks to our campaign, altogether we discovered and classified 394 targets with an additional 123 objects collected from a literature search. We began our optical spectroscopic campaign between the release of the second and third Fermi-LAT source catalogs (2FGL and 3FGL, respectively), classified about 25% of the sources that had uncertain nature and discovered a blazar-like potential counterpart for ∼10% of UGSs listed therein. In the 4FGL catalog, about 350 Fermi-LAT sources have been classified to date thanks to our campaign.
Conclusions. The most elusive class of blazars are found to be BL Lacs since the largest fraction of Fermi-LAT sources targeted in our observations showed a featureless optical spectrum. The same conclusion applied to the literature spectra. Finally, we confirm the high reliability of mid-IR color-based methods to select blazar-like candidate counterparts of unassociated or unidentified γ-ray sources.