bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activities on acute mental health inpatient wards: A narrative synthesis of the service users’ perspective
Authors: Foye Una , Li Yan , Birken Mary , Parle Kayleigh , Simpson Alan 
Published: January 2020

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

Boredom is a big issue on inpatient mental health wards that is linked to poor patient satisfaction, feelings of frustration and increased incidents of self‐harm and aggression.

This is even more so for people detained under the Mental Health Act. Where wards have a good range of activities, for example art, music, computer games, gardening and exercise, service users felt less bored and had improved well‐being.

Over many years, studies have reported a lack of activities, especially during evenings and weekends. It has also been found that little is known about what activities service users want, or how activities might be meaningful for them.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

This review found that very few studies have asked service users about what activities would be useful and why.

By seeing what makes activities desirable and accessible, we can understand how to improve the experiences of service users on wards.

Overall, these data help to understand what impact activities (or lack of activities) have on service users and staff experiences on these wards.

What are the implications for practice?

Through identifying the activities most appreciated and engaged with by service users and by asking service users what activities they would like available, we can inform best practice guidance for the commissioning and provision of inpatient mental health care.

This will enable service provider organizations to target their effort and resources on supporting good practice and to redirect resources from less useful activities.

AbstractBackgroundConcern about the lack of activities on mental health inpatient wards is long‐standing with reports consistently finding that service users receive insufficient access to a range of activities and report high levels of boredom. There is recognition that little is known about what service users want when admitted to inpatient wards.AimThis review seeks to understand service users’ experiences and views in relation to the provision and availability of activities, and to explore the perceived benefits and barriers to service users.MethodsWe searched multiple databases (Scopus, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Embase) for studies that evaluated activities on acute adult inpatient mental health wards. We identified 12 papers across a range of methodological designs from which the narrative synthesis has been analysed.ResultsFindings show that the provision of activities is unsatisfactory for many service users, which in turn is related to increased boredom that has a negative impact on service users’ well‐being. We explore the benefits and barriers to engagement, providing an insight into the aspects that make an activity important.ConclusionThere are few studies exploring the needs of service users regarding activity provision; therefore, there is limited knowledge about what is meaningful for individuals.
A pilot study on the possibility of human‐centred participative redesign of work organization at psychiatric wards
Authors: Stab Nicole , Hacker Winfried 
Published: January 2020

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

Rationalization and an increasing shortage of nurses in psychiatric care require the improvement of working conditions.

Work organization of hospital wards determines nurses’ well‐being on the job.

In somatic care, observation‐based assessments and participative improvements of work organization in the wards by involved nurses can reduce workload.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

In psychiatric nursing, observation‐based assessment as well as nurses’ self‐reports may identify characteristics of ward organization that determine nurses’ well‐being.

This study suggests a system of characteristics of work organization at psychiatric wards that may guide participative analyses and improvement measures. This may contribute to the research on prevention of conflicts and aggressive behaviour in psychiatric wards.

What are the implications for practice?

Participative analysis and, if necessary, participative redesign of work organization at psychiatric wards may reduce nurses’ perceived work load.

An approach to address the above is suggested for psychiatric nursing, which, in another version, is proven effective in somatic care.

AbstractIntroductionThe study was based on an approach for participative improvement of work organization at somatic hospital wards related to characteristics that determine nurses’ health. It differed from research seeking to adjust the environment to prevent aggressive behaviour at psychiatric wards. The focus was on the ergonomic principles of the whole work system and its impact on the nurses’ health.Aim/QuestionWe analysed the prerequisites for a transfer of this approach to psychiatric nursing.MethodThis study employed a cross‐sectional design examining 11 wards of a hospital for psychiatry and neurology; 109 nurses participated. We used a multi‐method design with observation‐based assessments and nurses’ self‐reports of ward organization.ResultsTwo clusters with wards of different work organization were identified. One cluster consisted of better‐organized wards. The other included wards with a worse organization. We found substantial convergence between the observation‐based assessments and nurses’ self‐reports.DiscussionThis study results indicated that observation‐based assessments were an acceptable alternative to nurses’ self‐reports, enabling the evaluation of ward organization in a feasible and reliable way.Implications for practiceThis study showed an approach with a specific view on the structural quality of psychiatric wards; this may support work improvement processes in a more systematic way.
A novel pathogenic FERMT1 variant in four families with Kindler syndrome in Argentina
Authors: Valinotto Laura Elena , Natale Mónica Inés , Lusso Silvina Beatriz , Cella Eliana , Gutiérrez Olga , Sebastiani Fernando , Manzur Graciela Beatriz 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundKindler syndrome is a rare genodermatosis. Major clinical criteria include acral blistering in infancy and childhood, progressive poikiloderma, skin atrophy, abnormal photosensitivity, and gingival fragility.MethodsFERMT1 gene was sequenced in 5 patients with a clinical diagnosis of Kindler syndrome.ResultsWe report a novel pathogenic variant detected in four unrelated families of Paraguayan origin, where one nucleotide deletion in FERMT1 gene (c.450delG) is predicted to cause a frameshift mutation leading to loss of function. Haplotype analysis revealed the propagation of an ancestral allele through this population.ConclusionsThe identification of this recurrent pathogenic variant enables optimization of molecular detection strategies in our patients, reducing the cost of diagnosis.
Employment status and contributing factors among adults with congenital heart disease in Japan
Authors: Enomoto Junko , Mizuno Yoshiko , Okajima Yoshitomo , Kawasoe Yasutaka , Morishima Hiroko , Tateno Shigeru 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundWorking is an important concern in transitional care for adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) because work connects people with society. Employment status is correlated with gender, but studies on patient employment by gender have rarely been conducted. This study therefore aimed to examine the employment status of ACHD by gender and to explore the factors influencing this status.MethodsIn this study, 193 Japanese ACHD (mean age: men—33.62 years, women—32.69 years; 89 men, no students included) completed a questionnaire including questions about employment status, an evaluation of hindrances to employment, the Linear Analog Scale to assess quality of life (QOL), and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS).ResultsIn the study sample, 13 of 89 (14.6%) men and 13 of 104 (12.5%) women did not have a job. These rates were higher than the national standard rates in Japan (men: 5.0%, women: 2.9%). Of these patients, only one man and one woman listed their illness as a reason for their unemployment. The factors thought to explain unemployment were age for men and disease severity for women (P < 0.05 for both). Unemployed patients had significantly lower QOL and SWLS scores.ConclusionsMost ACHD can join the workforce but a higher percentage of ACHD do not work and find it challenging to have a career compared with the general population. Moreover, because unemployed patients have low QOL and SWLS scores, obtaining work is crucial to enable these people to have mentally and emotionally stable and fulfilling lives.
Neurodevelopmental outcomes at 3 years for infants with congenital heart disease and very‐low birthweight
Authors: Yoshida Taketoshi , Hiraiwa Akiko , Ibuki Keijiro , Makimoto Masami , Inomata Satomi , Tamura Kentaro , Kawasaki Yukako , Ozawa Sayaka , Hirono Keiichi , Ichida Fukiko 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundBoth congenital heart disease (CHD) and very‐low birthweight (VLBW) infants are at a very high risk of neurodevelopmental delay. We investigated neurological development at 3 years in pediatric patients with CHD after surgical intervention, those of VLBW, and healthy controls.MethodsWe enrolled pediatric patients with CHD (n = 67), VLBW (n = 67), and healthy controls (n = 81). Infants with CHD were grouped into those with single ventricle and two ventricles, and infants with VLBW were grouped into those with birthweights of <1000 and 1000–1499 g. Neurodevelopmental outcomes at 3 years were evaluated using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition.ResultsCompared with healthy controls, a significant deficit in the language, cognition, and motor skills scores were observed in infants with CHD and VLBW. Infants with a single ventricle exhibited significantly low scores in language and gross motor skills. No statistically significant difference was observed between the birthweight groups of <1000 and 1000–1499 g.ConclusionNeurodevelopmental outcomes for infants with both CHD and VLBW showed impairment. Notably, neurodevelopmental delays in infants with a single ventricle were remarkable. Thus, because infants with both CHD and VLBW are at high risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, periodic developmental screenings and support are warranted for these children.
RNA‐Sequencing of ovine PBMC after exposure to Haemonchus contortus larval antigen
Authors: Jacobs Jesica R. , Middleton Denzel , Greiner Scott P. , Bowdridge Scott A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMechanisms of immune activation in effector cells during Haemonchus contortus infection in sheep are currently unknown. Microarray experiments have been performed on tissues of H contortus infected sheep of varying parasite resistance during early and late points of infection, but not in immune effector cells. The purpose of this study was to compare early gene activation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from primed parasite susceptible (Suffolk) and resistant (St. Croix) sheep in response to H contortus larval antigen (HcLA). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured for 6 hours with HcLA, and RNA‐sequencing was performed. St. Croix PBMC upregulated 499 unique genes in response to HcLA while Suffolk PBMC upregulated 130 unique genes and 25 genes were shared between the two breeds. St. Croix PBMC had increased expression of genes associated with immune function, signal transduction, response to stress and others. In addition, while mechanisms of innate recognition of H contortus are unknown, multiple pattern recognition receptors were found to be upregulated in St. Croix PBMC cultured with HcLA and none were found to be upregulated in Suffolk PBMC. These patterns of immune gene activation may contribute to St. Croix's rapid response and ability to resist H contortus infection.
Risk or Efficacy? How Psychological Distance Influences Climate Change Engagement
Authors: Chu Haoran , Yang Janet Z. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractConstrual‐level theory suggests that high‐level abstract features weigh more in people's decision‐making at farther distance, while low‐level concrete features weigh more at closer distance. Based on this, we propose that psychological distance will influence the effect of risk versus efficacy framing on climate change engagement. In particular, risk perception related to the end‐state expectancy of climate change mitigation should influence people's climate change engagement at farther distance. In contrast, efficacy perception related to the perceived feasibility of attaining end‐state goals should influence engagement at closer distance. Results from an experimental survey based on a national sample that is both demographically and geographically representative (N = 1,282) supported our proposition. At closer spatial distance, perceived efficacy boosted by efficacy framing increased participants’ intention to perform climate mitigation behaviors. In contrast, at farther distance, risk framing increased behavioral intention through heightened risk perception. Based on these findings, we suggest that when communicating distant and abstract risks, highlighting their disastrous impacts may better motivate action. In contrast, when communicating impending and concrete risks, stressing the feasibility of action may have stronger motivational potential.
Incorporating patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) into dialysis policy: Current initiatives, challenges, and opportunities
Authors: Umeukeje Ebele M. , Nair Devika , Fissell Rachel B. , Cavanaugh Kerri L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGovernments at national and state levels regulate dialysis care in the United States to ensure safe practices, and continually elevate the quality of care. An objective of these regulatory policies is the independent evaluation of dialysis unit outcomes by patients, caregivers, and the community to facilitate choices as well as to advance equal access to high quality dialysis care. These polices recognized decades ago that it was fundamental to include the patient perspective in the assessment and evaluation of dialysis care quality by requiring both individual and aggregate patient reported outcomes (PROs). Although there is support for integrating the patient perspective, concerns persist about the implementation of these polices including selection of PRO measures, administration timing and reach, as well as interpretation of results including benchmarking to permit comparisons across organizations. The experience from the early adoption of PROs into dialysis policies in conjunction with advances in electronic health records, personal data capture and monitoring, and analytics is poised to address these concerns. The dialysis community has the opportunity to lead the way in innovation related to PRO implementation not only in kidney disease care, but also for other healthcare conditions or contexts such as oncology, surgical, and acute care.
Placebo‐controlled dose‐effect studies with topical minoxidil 2% or 5% in male‐patterned hair loss treated with oral finasteride employing an analytical and exhaustive study protocol
Authors: Van Neste Dominique 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundDrug trials for male‐pattern hair loss (MPHL) did not investigate hair cycling.Materials and MethodsMale‐pattern hair loss volunteers (n = 22) took oral finasteride 1 mg daily with randomly either MTS5% or control lotion (1 mL/d). After 12 months on oral drug, 14 were randomized for a dose‐effect study of topical minoxidil 2% or 5%. Each 3‐month “on‐lotion” was followed by a 3‐month “off‐lotion.”ResultsExogen release and anagen initiation from pre‐existing but functionally deficient follicles occurred mainly during combined dug treatment. Anagen initiation by topical minoxidil 5% could not be maintained by oral finasteride. As compared with control males, the compound index of hair growth raised from 30% at baseline up to 60% within 3 months of combined drug regimen which is better than oral drug only (no change) but still far beyond normalization of productivity (considered as 100%). There was no obvious transformation of miniaturized hair follicles into terminal hair‐producing follicles, and the activation of miniaturized hair follicles was not clinically relevant (slow growth and short duration of anagen).ConclusionsBenefit with oral finasteride and topical 5% minoxidil (1 mL, 1 per day) resulted from initiation of anagen in deficient terminal follicles without increased growth rates.
Spatio‐temporal prediction of land surface temperature using semantic kriging
Authors: Bhattacharjee Shrutilipi , Chen Jia , Ghosh Soumya K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSpatio‐temporal prediction and forecasting of land surface temperature (LST) are relevant. However, several factors limit their usage, such as missing pixels, line drops, and cloud cover in satellite images. Being measured close to the Earth's surface, LST is mainly influenced by the land use/land cover (LULC) distribution of the terrain. This article presents a spatio‐temporal interpolation method which semantically models LULC information for the analysis of LST. The proposed spatio‐temporal semantic kriging (ST‐SemK) approach is presented in two variants: non‐separable ST‐SemK (ST‐SemKNSep) and separable ST‐SemK (ST‐SemKSep). Empirical studies have been carried out with derived Landsat 7 ETM+ satellite images of LST for two spatial regions: Kolkata, India and Dallas, Texas, U.S. It has been observed that semantically enhanced spatio‐temporal modeling by ST‐SemK yields more accurate prediction results than spatio‐temporal ordinary kriging and other existing methods.
Effects of freshwater crayfish on influenza A virus persistence in water
Authors: Root J. Jeffrey , Ellis Jeremy W. , Shriner Susan A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSeveral investigations have recently assessed the ability of some aquatic invertebrates to act as tools for avian influenza A virus (IAV) surveillance as well as their potential role(s) in IAV ecology. Because of this, as well as the high IAV seroprevalence rates noted in select mesocarnivores that commonly inhabit aquatic and semi‐aquatic habitats, we evaluated the effects that freshwater crayfish have on IAV in water at three dose levels and monitored for the presence of IAV in crayfish tissues (gill and green gland) and haemolymph at multiple time points. At relatively high, medium and low (approximately 104, 103 and 102 EID50/ml, respectively) doses, mesocosms containing crayfish (Orconectes sp.) had less detectable IAV RNA present when final water samples were assayed (9 days post‐contact [DPC]). In general, containers without crayfish present had nearly three‐fold greater quantities of viral RNA at 9 DPC. A varying number of RNA positive samples were detected for the three crayfish sample types collected. Gill tissue produced the largest number of positive non‐water samples (n = 26), with the highest quantities detected from crayfish sampled on 1 and 4 DPC (103.5 EID50 equivalent/ml). On a few occasions, gill (n = 8) and haemolymph samples (n = 1) produced higher quantities of viral RNA than their respective water samples or water samples collected 1–2 DPC earlier, but these differences were typically minor. Based upon water samples, statistical models indicated that the interaction of dose and crayfish exposure days explained most of the variation in these data. Future efforts should address if crayfish exposed to IAV‐laden water have the capacity to successfully transmit IAVs to mammals and birds which frequently prey upon them.
Caribbean golden orbweaving spiders maintain gene flow with North America
Authors: Čandek Klemen , Agnarsson Ingi , Binford Greta J. , Kuntner Matjaž 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Caribbean archipelago offers one of the best natural arenas for testing biogeographic hypotheses. The intermediate dispersal model of biogeography (IDM) predicts variation in species richness among lineages on islands to relate to their dispersal potential. To test this model, one would need background knowledge of dispersal potential of lineages and their biogeographic patterns, which has been problematic as evidenced by our prior work on the Caribbean tetragnathid spiders. In order to investigate the biogeographic imprint of an excellent disperser, we study Trichonephila in the Americas. Trichonephila is a nephilid genus that contains globally distributed species known to overcome long, overwater distances. The results of our phylogenetic and population genetic analyses on T. clavipes suggest that populations over the Caribbean and North America maintain a lively gene flow. However, the single species status of T. clavipes over the entire New World is challenged by our species delimitation analyses. Combined with prior evidence from spider genera of different dispersal ability, these patterns coming from an excellent disperser (Trichonephila) that is species‐poor and of a relatively homogenous genetic structure, support the IDM predictions.
Mapping Efficiency of a Pulsing Flow-Driven Turbine
Authors: Fernelius Mark H. , Gorrell Steven E. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Pressure gain combustion (PGC) shows potential to increase the cycle efficiency of conventional gas turbine engines (GTEs) if used in place of the steady combustor. However, a turbine driven by pulsing flow experiences a decrease in efficiency. An experimental rig was built to compare a steady flow-driven turbine with a pulsing flow-driven turbine. The pressure pulse was a full annular, sinusoidal pressure pulse. The experimental data showed a decrease in turbine efficiency and pressure ratio. The pressure pulse amplitude and not the frequency was discovered to be the cause for the decrease in turbine efficiency for the current experimental setup. The decrease in turbine efficiency was mapped with turbine pressure ratio and corrected amplitude to demonstrate how the efficiency of a turbine under pulsing flow conditions could be mapped.
Effect of URANS and Hybrid RANS-Large Eddy Simulation Turbulence Models on Unsteady Turbulent Flows Inside a Side Channel Pump
Authors: Wang Yefang , Zhang Fan , Yuan Shouqi , Chen Ke , Wei Xueyuan , Appiah Desmond 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this work, the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) and three hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes-large eddy simulation (RANS-LES) models are employed to resolve the vortical flows in a typical single-stage side channel pump, to evaluate the suitability of these advanced turbulence models in predicting the pump hydraulic performance and unstable swirling flows. By the comparison of the overall performance, it can be observed that the results obtained by scale-adapted simulation (SAS) are closer to test data than shear stress transport (SST), detached eddy simulation (DES) and filter-based model (FBM). Simultaneously, the distribution of axial velocity on the plane near the interface is used to describe the position and intensity of internal fluid exchange between impeller and side channel. It is obvious that the intensity of mass flow exchange is strong near the inner and outer edges. Then, the vortex core region illustrates that the vortex is easily produced near the interface due to internal fluid exchange. Finally, the evolutions of circumferential in-plane vortical structures are presented to further account for the process of fluid exchange and the main vortex flows. It reveals that the recirculation flow presents a strong instability during 6–7 blade pitches as the fluid enters into the impeller and the flow is stable in downstream 7–8 blade pitches. Besides, the flow turns to be unsteady near outlet affected by the sudden change of fluid direction. This work could provide some suggestions for the choice of appropriate turbulence model in simulating strong swirling flows.