bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cobalt Bis(dicarbollide) Alkylsulfonamides: Potent and Highly Selective Inhibitors of Tumor Specific Carbonic Anhydrase IX
Authors: Grüner Bohumír , Kugler Michael , El Anwar Suzan , Holub Josef , Nekvinda Jan , Bavol Dmytro , Růžičková Zdeňka , Pospíšilová Klára , Fábry Milan , Král Vlastimil , Brynda Jiří , Řezáčová Pavlína 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCarbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is an enzyme expressed on the surface of cells in hypoxic tumors. It plays a role in regulation of tumor pH and promotes thus tumor cell survival and occurrence of metastases. Here, derivatives of the cobalt bis(dicarbollide)(1‐) anion are reported that are based on substitution at the carbon sites of the polyhedra by two alkylsulfonamide groups differing in the length of the aliphatic connector (from C1 to C4, n=1‐4), which were prepared by cobalt insertion into the 7‐sulfonamidoalkyl‐7,8‐dicarba‐nido‐undecaborate ions. Pure meso‐ and rac‐diastereoisomeric forms were isolated. The series is complemented with monosubstituted species (n=2). Synthesis by a direct method furnished similar derivatives (n=2, 3), which are chlorinated at the B(8,8’) boron sites. All compounds inhibited CAIX with subnanomolar inhibition constants and showed high selectivity for CAIX. The best inhibitory properties were observed for the compound with n= 3 and two substituents present in rac‐arrangement with Ki=20 pM and a selectivity index of 668. X‐ray crystallography was used to study interactions of these compounds with the active site of CAIX on the structural level.
An improved quantum particle swarm photovoltaic multi‐peak mPPT method combined with Lévy flight
Authors: Chen Lei , Li Zhijun , Zhang Yinan , Zhang Yi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInertial weight adaptive quantum particle swarm optimization (DCWQPSO) algorithm can effectively improve the problem of particle falling into local extreme value. But the particle is still possible to fall into local extreme value in the later stage of particle evolution. When it is applied to photovoltaic multi‐peak maximum power tracking (MPPT), the tracking efficiency is not only reduced, but also may lead to tracking failure under the condition of sudden tracking of photovoltaic light intensity. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes a photovoltaic maximum power tracking (MPPT) control algorithm combining Lévy flight strategy with DCWQPSO algorithm. Lévy flight is a non‐Gaussian random process. The algorithm introduces Lévy flight strategy to change the mutation formula of particles and uses the characteristics of Lévy flight short step and occasionally long step jump search to improve the diversity of particles in the algorithm population. The algorithm proposed in this paper enhances the particle diversity, improves the convergence accuracy and speed of the algorithm, and overcomes the defects of the DCWQPSO algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that the MPPT control algorithm proposed in this paper has fast‐tracking speed and high precision, which can effectively improve the maximum power tracking efficiency and dynamic quality of photovoltaic power generation system under uncertain environment, and it also has good robustness.
An ensemble‐driven long short‐term memory model based on mode decomposition for carbon price forecasting of all eight carbon trading pilots in China
Authors: Sun Wei , Li Zhaoqi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe carbon trading market has become a powerful weapon in alleviating carbon emissions in China, and the carbon price is at the core of its operation. Hence, the carbon trading market serves as an indispensable component in forecasting the carbon price accurately in advance. This paper innovatively explores an ensemble‐driven long short‐term memory network (LSTM) model based on complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD) for carbon price forecasting, applying it to all eight carbon trading pilots in China. The CEEMD was initially implemented for mode transformation in order to decompose the original complicated mode into a set of simple modes. Then, the partial autocorrelation function selected time‐lagged features as inputs for each mode. Subsequently, the LSTM was used to model the mapping between time‐lagged factors as well as each mode's target values, constructing multiple LSTM models for ensemble learning. Finally, the inverse CEEMD computation was introduced to integrate the anticipated results of the multi‐mode into the final results. Its practical application simultaneously embraced all eight carbon pilots in China, covering their corresponding carbon price data over a considerably long period. The obtained results illustrated that the proposed model driven by ensemble learning possessed sufficient accuracy in carbon price forecasting in China compared with the single LSTM model as well as other conventional artificial neural network models. Furthermore, according to the scope of its application, the innovative model exhibited strong stability and universality.
Footprints of local adaptation span hundreds of linked genes in the Atlantic silverside genome
Authors: Wilder Aryn P. , Palumbi Stephen R. , Conover David O. , Therkildsen Nina Overgaard 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe study of local adaptation in the presence of ongoing gene flow is the study of natural selection in action, revealing the functional genetic diversity most relevant to contemporary pressures. In addition to individual genes, genome-wide architecture can itself evolve to enable adaptation. Distributed across a steep thermal gradient along the east coast of North America, Atlantic silversides (Menidia menidia) exhibit an extraordinary degree of local adaptation in a suite of traits, and the capacity for rapid adaptation from standing genetic variation, but we know little about the patterns of genomic variation across the species range that enable this remarkable adaptability. Here, we use low-coverage, whole-transcriptome sequencing of Atlantic silversides sampled along an environmental cline to show marked signatures of divergent selection across a gradient of neutral differentiation. Atlantic silversides sampled across 1371 km of the southern section of its distribution have very low genome-wide differentiation (median FST = 0.006 across 1.9 million variants), consistent with historical connectivity and observations of recent migrants. Yet almost 14,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are nearly fixed (FST &gt; 0.95) for alternate alleles. Highly differentiated SNPs cluster into four tight linkage disequilibrium (LD) blocks that span hundreds of genes and several megabases. Variants in these LD blocks are disproportionately nonsynonymous and concentrated in genes enriched for multiple functions related to known adaptations in silversides, including variation in lipid storage, metabolic rate, and spawning behavior. Elevated levels of absolute divergence and demographic modeling suggest selection maintaining divergence across these blocks under gene flow. These findings represent an extreme case of heterogeneity in levels of differentiation across the genome, and highlight how gene flow shapes genomic architecture in continuous populations. Locally adapted alleles may be common features of populations distributed along environmental gradients, and will likely be key to conserving variation to enable future responses to environmental change.
An investigation of corporate directors' responses to CEO pay ratio disclosures and say‐on‐pay votes
Authors: Norman Carolyn Strand , Rose Anna M. , Rose Jacob M. , Suh Ikseon 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to shed light on the effects of the CEO pay ratio and say‐on‐pay votes on directors' concerns about CEO pay equity. Investigation of the pay ratio disclosure rule offers opportunities to gain insights into whether equity perceptions associated with mandated pay ratio disclosure have significant effects on remuneration decisions in organizations. We conduct an online experiment with practicing corporate directors to examine the effects of CEO pay ratio disclosures and say‐on‐pay (SOP) votes on director decisions. Results indicate that CEO pay ratio disclosures significantly influence directors' decisions regarding executive compensation, leading directors to be less willing to increase CEO pay when the pay ratio is above the industry average pay ratio. Results also demonstrate that say‐on‐pay votes only influence directors' compensation decisions when the CEO pay ratio is above the industry average. Directors in firms with pay ratios that are above the industry average are less willing to increase CEO pay when they anticipate shareholder votes against a CEO pay increase than when they anticipate positive SOP voting outcomes. Directors in firms with CEO pay ratios that are below the industry average, however, are willing to increase CEO pay regardless of SOP voting outcomes.
miR‐130b‐3p regulates M1 macrophage polarization via targeting IRF1
Authors: Guo Qiang , Zhu Xiaoxiao , Wei Ran , Zhao Lin , Zhang Zhen , Yin Xunqiang , Zhang Yunhong , Chu Chu , Wang Bin , Li Xia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPolarized macrophages can be broadly classified into classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2) in response to the microenvironment signals. Interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) has been demonstrated to play a critical role in macrophage polarization. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of IRF1 expression in macrophage polarization still remain unclear. In this study, IRF1 expression was significantly increased in interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐treated RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, miR‐130b‐3p was decreased and negatively associated with Irf1 in M1 macrophages. miR‐130b‐3p repressed M1 polarization by inhibiting IRF1 and subsequently reducing the levels of the targets of IRF1, C‐C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Consistent with these data, overexpressed miR‐130b‐3p in LPS‐treated mice suppressed M1 macrophage polarization in lung macrophages and peritoneal macrophages by inhibiting Irf1 expression and alleviated the inflammation in mouse lung tissues. Furthermore, the predicted binding site between the Irf1 messenger RNA 3′‐untranslated region (3’‐UTR) and miR‐130b‐3p was confirmed by the dual‐luciferase reporter assay. In conclusion, our research gave the first evidence that miR‐130b‐3p affected the polarization of M1 macrophages by directly inhibiting Irf1. The miR‐130b‐3p/IRF1 pathway may be a potential target for regulating macrophage polarization.
Fragmented QRS complexes are associated with subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in patients with Behcet's disease: Four‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography
Authors: Hidayet Şıho , Yağmur Jülide , Bayramoğlu Adil , Cansel Mehmet , Ermiş Necip , Taşolar Hakan , Karaca Yücel , Yiğit Yakup , Şener Serpil , Ulutaş Zeynep , Pekdemir Hasan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundBehcet's disease (BD) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease in which early detection of cardiac involvement is essential. The aim of this study was to assess the left ventricular (LV) functions in BD patients using four‐dimensional (4D) speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) and to test the correlation between LV dysfunction and the presence of QRS fragmentation.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 64 Behcet's patients and 48 healthy volunteers. The BD group was divided into two subgroups depending on the presence (fQRS+) or absence (fQRS−) of fragmented QRS (fQRS). In both groups, left ventricular global area strain (LV‐GAS), global radial strain (GRS), global longitudinal strain (GLS), and global circumferential strain (GCS) were obtained with 4D echocardiography.ResultsGAS, GRS, GLS, and GCS values were significantly different in Behcet's patients and in healthy volunteers. GLS and GAS values were lower in the fQRS+ than in the fQRS− group (−15.8 ± 1.8 and −17.9 ± 1.6, P = .001 vs −25.0 ± 3.1 and −29.2 ± 4.2, P < .001, respectively). The duration of disease was longer in fQRS+ than in fQRS− patients (120.8 ± 67.4 vs 71.0 ± 40.5, P < .001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that fQRS and disease duration were independent predictors of LV‐GAS.ConclusionsFour‐dimensional STE may be helpful for the prediction of early cardiac dysfunction in patients with BD. The presence of fQRS may be an indicator of subclinical LV dysfunction.
Benefit segmentation of pleasure boaters in Mediterranean marinas: A proposal
Authors: Benevolo Clara , Spinelli Riccardo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMarinas provide shelter and services for vessels and boaters. This study aims to identify market segments among marinas' customers, using a benefit segmentation approach, where the importance that pleasure boaters pay to services and features of marinas is a proxy of the benefits sought. Data from 228 boaters was collected through an online questionnaire; a PCA and cluster analysis were performed, returning four well‐distinguished segments. The benefits sought by boaters shift from tourist and people‐related services to technical and boat‐centered services. Such a wide range of expectations can interest marina managers and may guide them in designing appropriate marketing strategies.
Synthesis of Thermoplastic Poly(2‐methoxyethyl acrylate)‐Based Polyurethane by RAFT and Condensation Polymerization
Authors: Tazawa Shunsuke , Maeda Tomoki , Nakayama Masamitsu , Hotta Atsushi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThermoplastic solid poly(2‐methoxyethyl acrylate) (PMEA)‐based polyurethane (PU) is synthesized through the reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and the condensation polymerization, using hydroxyl‐terminated RAFT reagents and diisocyanate, respectively. Neat PMEA is a promising antithrombogenic liquid used in the medical fields. The thermoplastic property of the solid PMEA‐based PU due to hydrogen bonding is confirmed by the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) at temperature below 72 °C. The antithrombogenic property of PMEA‐based PU is also analyzed by the platelet adhesion test. The number of platelets on PMEA‐based PU is 17 cells per unit area, which is smaller than that on the fluorinated diamond‐like carbon (F‐DLC), a well‐known highly antithrombogenic material. It is concluded that a newly synthesized PMEA‐based PU exhibits thermoplastic characteristics with excellent antithrombogenicity.
Stoichiometric Control over Partial Transesterification of Polyacrylate Homopolymers as Platform for Functional Copolyacrylates
Authors: Van Guyse Joachim F. R. , Bernhard Yann , Hoogenboom Richard 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOnly recently, post‐polymerization modification reactions of unactivated polyacrylates have been emerging as an attractive alternative to utilizing reactive monomers, enabling the synthetic upcycling of these widely applied polymers. Within this contribution, the triazabicyclodecene‐catalyzed transesterification of polyacrylates is reported, including the reaction kinetics and the broad scope for macromolecular design of functional copolyacrylates. More specifically, the transesterification is performed under equilibrium conditions with a set of primary alcohols whereby the reaction kinetics and the obtained conversion as a function of stoichiometric excess of alcohol are evaluated. The results show that the obtained conversion is dependent on the polarity of the solvent and of the alcohol. Through this approach, the transesterification degree can be accurately controlled by stoichiometry, enabling the precise modulation of the macromolecular structure. Finally, the utility of this approach is demonstrated to incorporate functional side chains that are incompatible with radical polymerization, to facilitate Diels–Alder and thiol‐ene reactions, enabling access to a broad range of functional materials from simple polyacrylate homopolymer precursors.
An equivalent circuit model for wide‐band analysis of defected ground structures with asymmetric slot and multiple slots
Authors: Van Nechel Evi , Ferranti Francesco , Rolain Yves , Lataire John 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this article, we propose a novel equivalent circuit model that can accurately represent the wide‐band behavior of a defected ground structure with a slot that is positioned asymmetrically with respect to the signal transmission line and also with multiple slots. The inclusion of losses is crucial to guarantee a high level of accuracy. The number of circuit elements is very parsimonious, which makes the model efficient and the identification of the equivalent circuit parameters simple. Pertinent measurement and simulation results validate the proposed model in different cases.
Population Dynamics and Simulated Effects of Length-Based Trophy Regulations for Flathead and Channel Catfish in the Lower James River, South Dakota
Authors: Schall Benjamin J. , Lucchesi David O. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Catfish are popular with anglers fishing southeastern South Dakota rivers, and a group of anglers has expressed concern about the perceived overharvest of trophy-size catfish. However, existing data are insufficient for determining whether Flathead Catfish Pylodictis olivaris and Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus are being overharvested. Our objective was to determine the population dynamics of Flathead and Channel catfish and model potential outcomes of length-based trophy regulations (one fish and no fish harvested over 610 mm) in the lower James River, South Dakota. Multiple gears were used to collect Flathead Catfish (low-frequency electrofishing and trotlines) and Channel Catfish (baited hoop nets and low-frequency electrofishing) during 2018, and samples were augmented with angler-caught catfish collected from three angling tournaments. Pectoral spines were removed from a subsample of fish for age estimation; 305-mm and larger fish received a Carlin dangler tag with a reward value of US$0, $10, or $100. Growth rates were slow to moderate for Flathead Catfish and moderate for Channel Catfish. Trophy-size Flathead Catfish (TL ≥ 1,020 mm) were sampled, but few of the collected Channel Catfish exceeded preferred length (TL ≥ 610 mm). Total annual mortality was estimated at 25.7% for Flathead Catfish and 25.2% for Channel Catfish. Exploitation estimated from angler reward tag returns was less than 1% for each species. Yield-per-recruit models indicated that a regulation specifying one fish over 610 mm would slightly reduce yield for both species but would only increase the number of memorable-length Flathead Catfish (860 mm) and Channel Catfish (710 mm) by less than 1%. A no-harvest regulation would substantially reduce yield of Flathead Catfish and would increase the number of memorable-length Flathead Catfish by approximately 2% and Channel Catfish by less than 1%. Information obtained during this study suggests that current Flathead and Channel Catfish populations have limited trophy potential and that length-based trophy regulations would have limited impact on the abundance of large catfish in the lower James River.
Empowerment in the perioperative dialog
Authors: Abelsson Anna , Falk Peter , Sundberg Bengt , Nygårdh Annette 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimTo describe how the nurse anaesthetist empowers the patient in the perioperative dialogue.DesignA qualitative descriptive design with interviews with 12 nurse anaesthetist (NA).MethodA hermeneutic text interpretation with a foundation in Gibson's empowerment model.ResultThe results highlight Gibson's nursing domain: Helper, Supporter, Counsellor, Educator, Resource Consultant, Resource Mobilizer, Facilitator, Enabler and Advocate. The overall understanding is revealed as a relationship can be built through closeness between the patient and the NA. The NA helps the patient master the situation by talking to and touching the patient. The patient is helped to find their own strengths and to cope with their fears. The patients decide over their own bodies. When the patients do not want to or cope with protecting themselves, the NA protects and represents the patient.
The different effects of the determinants of urbanisation on state‐sponsored and spontaneous urbanisation in Fujian Province of China
Authors: Shen Jianfa , Lin Lijie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper reconsiders the classical theoretical question on the relationship between urbanisation and development and the effects of administrative status and path dependency on urbanisation using the dual‐track urbanisation framework. It examines the different effects of the determinants of urbanisation on state‐sponsored and spontaneous urbanisation in Fujian Province of China during the 2000–2010 period. Various explanatory variables describing administrative status and demographic and economic conditions were employed to explain the levels of dual‐track urbanisation using a multivariate statistical analysis of 67 county‐level units. It was found that administrative status affected both state‐sponsored and spontaneous urbanisation. The initial level of urbanisation had strong positive effects on state‐sponsored and spontaneous urbanisation. Most importantly, the development level was the most significant factor in state‐sponsored urbanisation in Fujian, although the secondary sector of the economy had the strongest effect on spontaneous urbanisation. It appears that state‐sponsored urbanisation is strongly path dependent and has advanced in highly developed areas, whereas spontaneous urbanisation is more dynamic and led by the expansion of the manufacturing sector. The paper reveals the different mechanisms of state‐sponsored and spontaneous urbanisation processes in China.
Regional trajectories in life expectancy and lifespan variation: Persistent inequality in two Nordic welfare states
Authors: Wilson Ben , Drefahl Sven , Sasson Isaac , Henery Paul M. , Uggla Caroline 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn important dimension of inequality in mortality is regional variation. However, studies that investigate regional mortality patterns within and between national and regional borders are rare. We carry out a comparative study of Finland and Sweden: two welfare states that share many attributes, with one exception being their mortality trajectories. Although Finland has risen rapidly in the global life expectancy rankings, Sweden has lost its historical place among the top 10. Using individual‐level register data, we study regional trends in life expectancy and lifespan variation by sex. Although all regions, in both countries, have experienced substantial improvements in life expectancy and lifespan inequality from 1990–2014, considerable differences between regions have remained unchanged, suggesting the existence of persistent inequality. In particular, Swedish‐speaking regions in Finland have maintained their mortality advantage over Finnish‐speaking regions. Nevertheless, there is some evidence of convergence between the regions of Finland and Sweden.
Local modelling of U.S. mortality rates: A multiscale geographically weighted regression approach
Authors: Cupido Kyran , Fotheringham A. Stewart , Jevtic Petar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis work provides an investigation of the presence of spatial variability in the determinants of mortality rates. Specifically, by using the age‐adjusted mortality rates of the counties of the contiguous United States, this research applies a multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) approach to examine the spatial variations in the relationships between mortality rates and a diverse group of associated determinants. The results demonstrate that the MGWR approach produces a differentiable account of the global, regional, and local effects acting on mortality rates across the United States. Thus, this work lays the groundwork for the consideration of spatial varying effects on mortality rates, which operate at different spatial scales.