bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The UAE and Responsible Finance—Can Responsible Finance Ṣukūk Help the UAE in Fulfilling Its Sustainability Ambitions?
Authors: Richardson Edana 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Responsible finance ṣukūk provide market participants with a capital markets instrument through which they can fulfil the dictates of Islamic law while also participating in green, social or sustainable economic activity. However, as centres for Islamic finance (such as Malaysia and Indonesia) become prominent markets for responsible finance ṣukūk, issuances of these instruments have been noticeably slower to develop in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This has not been due to a lack of public enthusiasm for a sustainable economy from UAE authorities. However, the plethora of government sustainability initiatives, statements and targets has resulted in somewhat of a patchwork of policies, not all of which are publicly available or centrally curated. This article will aim to map the UAE’s sustainability agenda and consider where responsible finance ṣukūk fit within this agenda. Against this backdrop, it will analyse the contractual structure of the UAE’s first issuance of responsible finance ṣukūk.
The Special Role of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in the Muslim Holy Shrines in Jerusalem
Authors: Kattan Victor 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article explores the meaning of the Jerusalem clause in Article 9(2) of the Israel–Jordan Peace Treaty. It begins by considering the drafting of the clause, before analysing subsequent agreements between Israel, Palestine, and Jordan. The article then turns to history to explore the origins of Jordan’s special role, which amounted to a particular rule of customary international law, from 1967, when Israel recognised that special role after it occupied East Jerusalem, until 1994, when it was codified in the Peace Treaty. The article concludes by explaining that Jordan’s special role is comprised of its custodianship of the Muslim holy shrines in Jerusalem, with its attendant duties of maintaining, protecting, and regulating access to the shrines and that Israel is obligated to give due regard to Jordan’s primary role in the exercise of these duties within the spaces of these shrines.
Ecological wood anatomy of Alnus nepalensis (Betulaceae) throughout Nepal
Authors: Noshiro Shuichi , Suzuki Mitsuo , Joshi Lajmina , Ikeda Hiroshi , Ohba Hideaki 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Variation in the wood structure of Alnus nepalensis D. Don (Betulaceae) in relation to tree size and habitat altitude was studied in four areas of Nepal: Tamur, Rolwaling, Budi Gandaki, and Bajhang-Khaptad. Alnus nepalensis is a pioneer tree distributed in the Himalayas from northern India to southwestern China and grows throughout Nepal in a wide altitudinal range from 200 m in the tropical zone to 3030 m at the upper limit of the temperate zone. Ecological trends in the wood structure of Alnus nepalensis varied between the studied areas, distinct in the Tamur area, but indistinct in other areas, and tended to be detected in areas with specimens from altitudinal ranges of 2000 m. When all the specimens were separated at 1800 m in elevation and analyzed as two altitudinal groups, features of vessel size and distribution and the ratio of solitary vessels had a significant correlation with tree height in both groups, and tall trees tended to have larger, more solitary vessels. Vessel element and fiber lengths did not have any significant trends in the lower group but had a negative correlation with altitude in the upper group along with the reduction of tree height. Thus, vessel size seems to facilitate the height growth of this pioneer tree, and shorter tracheary elements and more vessel multiples seem to be related to the adaptation of smaller trees at higher elevations.
Wood and bark of Buddleja: uniseriate phellem, and systematic and ecological patterns
Authors: Frankiewicz Kamil E. , Chau John H. , Oskolski Alexei A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Wood anatomy of Buddleja is well-explored but not in many southern African members, which form a grade of species and small clades that form successive sister groups to the rest of the genus, and its bark structure has not been studied at all. We provide new descriptions of wood anatomy for twelve species, including nearly all Buddleja from southern Africa and two species of Freylinia in the sister group of Buddleja. We also describe bark structure from fifteen species. To assess if wood anatomy provides phylogenetic and/or ecological signal, we compiled data on wood traits and climatic variables from the distributions of 53 species. Wood traits counteracting cavitation correlated with higher temperature and precipitation seasonality; simultaneously they were better expressed in species with smaller maximal plant height. It is likely that hotter and drier areas harbour smaller plants which have traits conveying higher conductance safety. Bark structure varies considerably. In bark of Buddleja section Gomphostigma, periderm is initiated in the outer cortex and develops thin-walled phellem, and sclerification of their phloem does not occur. This resembles bark in Freylinia, supporting the position of section Gomphostigma as sister to the rest of Buddleja. In the remaining Buddleja species, bark is characterised by formation of periderm with phelloid cells in the secondary phloem. The phellem is often uniseriate, a condition not reported elsewhere. Its formation occurs close in time to solid sclerification of the cut-off phloem, suggesting a possible novel ontogenetic mechanism.
“What is 291?”
Authors: Cole Lori 
Published: July 2020

Abstract“What is 291?” The results of this survey, issued in 1914 by the photographer Alfred Stieglitz to artists, writers, and patrons of his gallery, known by its address at 291 Fifth Avenue, were published in his magazineCamera Work(1903–1917). However, just as Stieglitz was issuing the questionnaire, his associates—Marius de Zayas, Paul Haviland, Agnes Ernst Meyer, and Francis Picabia—were already planning a magazine called291(1915–1916), thereby transforming the question even as it was being asked. Read as a response to the questionnaire, the publication291destabilizes and amplifies the community Stieglitz had established, while visually embedding its history into the pages of the new magazine. Taking291as a case study of the avant-garde and its legacies, this essay traces the origins of the magazine from its predecessors—that is, the periodicalCamera Workand the gallery 291—to consider “What is 291?” and its afterlife. Emerging from the intersection of a magazine and gallery as a new iteration of print culture,291worked to expand the American avant-garde and to reimagine the magazine as a medium.
The Future of Avant-Garde Studies
Authors: Asholt Wolfgang , Bürger Peter , Forgács Éva , Hjartarson Benedikt , Piotrowski Piotr , van den Berg Hubert 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A decade ago at a conference in Poznań, leading scholars of the avant-garde were asked to share their thoughts on the future of their discipline. Now we are launching the first Journal of Avant-Garde Studies it is time to reflect on these visions from scholars mainly based in Europe. Have we moved in different directions or have promises remained unfulfilled? Contemporary scholars of the avant-garde reflected on the round table discussion and offered their views on where we will go from here.
Projected Changes in South Asian Monsoon Low Pressure Systems
Authors: Dong Wenhao , Ming Yi , Ramaswamy V. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMonsoon low pressure systems (MLPSs) are among the most important synoptic-scale disturbances of the South Asian summer monsoon. Potential changes in their characteristics in a warmer climate would have broad societal impacts. Yet, the findings from a few existing studies are inconclusive. We use the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) coupled climate model CM4.0 to examine the projected changes in the simulated MLPS activity under a future emission scenario. It is shown that CM4.0 can skillfully simulate the number, genesis location, intensity, and lifetime of MLPSs. Global warming gives rise to a significant decrease in MLPS activity. An analysis of several large-scale environmental variables, both dynamic and thermodynamic, suggests that the decrease in MLPS activity can be attributed mainly to a reduction in low-level relative vorticity over the core genesis region. The decreased vorticity is consistent with weaker large-scale ascent, which leads to less vorticity production through the stretching term in the vorticity equation. Assuming a fixed radius of influence, the projected reduction in MLPSs would significantly lower the associated precipitation over north-central India, despite an overall increase in mean precipitation.
A Pilot Study of Metabolomic Pathways Associated With Fatigue in Survivors of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Chou Yun-Jen , Kober Kord M. , Kuo Ching-Hua , Yeh Kun-Huei , Kuo Tien-Chueh , Tseng Yufeng J. , Miaskowski Christine , Liang Jin-Tung , Shun Shiow-Ching 
Published: July 2020

Background: Over 30% of cancer survivors experience chronic fatigue. An alteration in energy metabolism is one of the hypothesized mechanisms for cancer-related fatigue (CRF). No studies have evaluated for changes in metabolic profiles in cancer survivors with CRF. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate for differences in metabolic profiles between fatigued and non-fatigued survivors of colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: Survivors were recruited from the surgical outpatient department and the oncology clinic of a medical center in northern Taiwan. Fatigue was assessed using the Fatigue Symptom Inventory. Fasting blood samples were collected on the day the fatigue questionnaire was completed. Metabolomic profile analysis was performed using non-targeted, liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Fold change analyses, t-tests, and pathway analyses were performed to identify differences in metabolomic profiles between the fatigued and non-fatigued survivors. Results: Of the 56 CRC survivors in this study, 28.6% (n = 16) were in the fatigue group. Statistically significant differences in carnitine, L-norleucine, pyroglutamic acid, pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid, spermine, hydroxyoctanoic acid, and paraxanthine were found between the two fatigue groups. In addition, two pathways were enriched for these metabolites (i.e., glutathione metabolism, D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism). Conclusions: Findings from this pilot study provide preliminary evidence that two pathways that are involved with the regulation of ATP production and cellular energy (i.e., glutathione metabolism, D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism) are associated with fatigue in CRC survivors. If these findings are confirmed, they may provide new therapeutic targets to decrease fatigue in cancer survivors.
Standardized pachymetry-assisted manual lamellar dissection for Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty
Authors: Bertino Pedro , Magalhães Renata Soares , de Souza Junior Carlos Jose , Prazeres Tatiana Moura Bastos , de Sousa Luciene Barbosa 
Published: July 2020

Purpose: To present an alternative technique (Pachy-DSEK) for the manual preparation of thin endothelial lamellae in Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK), as well as to evaluate its visual and anatomic outcomes. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted in 15 cases who underwent DSEK at a private eye clinic in Brazil (INOB, Brasília) from June 2017 to December 2019. All patients had ocular comorbidities and relative contraindications to Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK). All endothelial lamellae were manually prepared by using a standardized technique. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), tomographic parameters and graft’s thickness were evaluated preoperatively and at 6 months. Endothelial cell counts were evaluated preoperatively and at 12 to 24 months. Results: During preparation there was one case (6%) of peripheral tear and no tissue was lost. At 6 months, the median BCVA improved from 1.60 to 0.40 logMAR ( p = 0.0009). There was no significant change in anterior ( p = 0.507) and posterior astigmatism ( p = 0.483), anterior ( p = 0.683) and posterior mean keratometry ( p = 0.767), and total corneal power ( p = 0.952). The median central graft thickness at 6 months was 80 µm. Ultrathin grafts (<130 µm) were achieved in 80% of cases. At 12 to 24 months endothelial cell count decreased significantly. Graft’s detachment occurred in two cases (13%) and endothelial rejection in one case (6%). Conclusion: By using ultrasonic pachymetry intra-operatively and standardizing graft preparation, most manually dissected endothelial lamellae were ultrathin. Pachy-DSEK was safe and effective for treating endothelial disfunction in eyes with ocular comorbidities. It may be a cost-effective alternative to automated dissection methods.
A cohort study showing correspondence of low wall shear stress and cephalic arch stenosis in brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula access
Authors: Hammes Mary , Cassel Kevin , Boghosian Michael , Watson Sydeaka , Funaki Brian , Coe Frederic 
Published: July 2020

Background: A brachiocephalic fistula is frequently placed for hemodialysis; unfortunately, cephalic arch stenosis commonly develops, leading to failure. We hypothesized that a contribution to brachiocephalic fistula failure is low wall shear stress resulting in neointimal hyperplasia leading to venous stenosis. The objective of this investigation is to determine correspondence of low wall shear stress and the development of cephalic arch stenosis. Methods: Forty subjects receiving hemodialysis with a primary brachiocephalic fistula access were followed from time of placement for 3 years or until cephalic arch stenosis. Venogram, Doppler, and viscosity were performed at time of fistula maturation, annually for 3 years or to time of cephalic arch stenosis. Computational hemodynamics modeling was performed to determine location and percent low wall shear stress in the arch. The relationship between wall shear stress at time of maturation and location of cephalic arch stenosis were estimated by correlating computational modeling and quadrant location of cephalic arch stenosis. Results: In total, 32 subjects developed cephalic arch stenosis with 26 displaying correspondence between location of low wall shear stress at time of maturation and subsequent cephalic arch stenosis, whereas 6 subjects did not (p = 0.0015). Most subjects with correspondence had low wall shear stress areas evident in greater than 20% of the arch (p = 0.0006). Low wall shear stress was associated with a higher risk of cephalic arch stenosis in the 23-to-45 age group (p = 0.0029). Conclusions: The presence and magnitude of low wall shear stress in the cephalic arch is a factor associated with development of cephalic arch stenosis in patients with brachiocephalic fistula. Attenuation of low wall shear stress at time of maturation may help prevent the development of cephalic arch stenosis which is difficult to treat once it develops.
Autophagy Is Involved in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Death in Coculture with Chondrocytes
Authors: Paggi Carlo Alberto , Dudakovic Amel , Fu Yao , Garces Catalina Galeano , Hevesi Mario , Galeano Garces Daniela , Dietz Allan B. , van Wijnen Andre J. , Karperien Marcel 
Published: July 2020

Objective Cartilage formation is stimulated in mixtures of chondrocytes and human adipose–derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) both in vitro and in vivo. During coculture, human MSCs perish. The goal of this study is to elucidate the mechanism by which adipose tissue–derived MSC cell death occurs in the presence of chondrocytes. Methods Human primary chondrocytes were cocultured with human MSCs derived from 3 donors. The cells were cultured in monoculture or coculture (20% chondrocytes and 80% MSCs) in pellets (200,000 cells/pellet) for 7 days in chondrocyte proliferation media in hypoxia (2% O2). RNA sequencing was performed to assess for differences in gene expression between monocultures or coculture. Immune fluorescence assays were performed to determine the presence of caspase-3, LC3B, and P62. Results RNA sequencing revealed significant upregulation of >90 genes in the 3 cocultures when compared with monocultures. STRING analysis showed interconnections between >50 of these genes. Remarkably, 75% of these genes play a role in cell death pathways such as apoptosis and autophagy. Immunofluorescence shows a clear upregulation of the autophagic machinery with no substantial activation of the apoptotic pathway. Conclusion In cocultures of human MSCs with primary chondrocytes, autophagy is involved in the disappearance of MSCs. We propose that this sacrificial cell death may contribute to the trophic effects of MSCs on cartilage formation.
The influence of education in decision making concerning athlete’s return to sport following a concussion injury: A systematic review
Authors: Waterworth Victoria , Procyk Alexander , Canetti Elisa , Hing Wayne , Gough Suzanne 
Published: July 2020

Objectives Concussions have emerged as one of the most prevalent and controversial injuries sustained within the sporting context. The objective of this review was to determine the influence that education has on decision making concerning athlete’s return to sport following a concussion injury and if the risk is worth it in the eyes of the athletes. Study design Systematic review. Methods A rapid literature review was performed in PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Embase and Web of Science looking for articles that discussed concussions and any three of the four following search terms: (a) decision making, (b) education/knowledge, (c) sport/return to sport and (d) risk. Results Sixteen of 1243 articles were included in this review based on eligibility criteria. Ten were cohort studies, four were cross-sectional studies and two were qualitative research. There was a good agreement between the authors for all studies when determining risk of bias, presenting a Cohen’s κ of 0.901 (95% CI, 0.834, 0.968), p <  0.001. Conclusion Education can make a difference in athlete’s decision making process to return to sport; however, their awareness of the health risks that they put themselves in by returning to sport too soon is clouded by other external and internal factors. What is not fully understood is why do they put themselves at this risk? Further studies should explore athletes’ risk aversion behaviour and how it impacts their decision to return to sport following a concussion.
Reduced polyfunctional T cells and increased cellular activation markers in adult allergy patients reporting adverse reactions to food
Authors: Sonnet Friederike , Namork Ellen , Stylianou Eva , Gaare-Olstad Ingvild , Huse Kanutte , Andorf Sandra , Mjaaland Siri , Dirven Hubert , Nygaard Unni 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The underlying cellular mechanisms causing adverse reactions to food are complex and still not fully understood. Therefore, in this study we aimed to identify functional and/or phenotypical immune cell signatures characteristic for adult patients reporting adverse reactions to food.
By mass cytometry, we performed high-dimensional profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from adult patients reporting adverse reactions to food and healthy controls. The patients were grouped according to sIgE-positive or sIgE-negative serology to common food and inhalant allergens. Two broad antibody panels were used, allowing determination of major immune cell populations in PBMC, as well as activation status, proliferation status, and cytokine expression patterns after PMA/ionomycin-stimulation on a single cell level.

Results
By use of data-driven algorithms, several cell populations were identified showing significantly different marker expression between the groups.
Most striking was an impaired frequency and function of polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in patients reporting adverse reactions to food compared to the controls. Further, subpopulations of monocytes, T cells, and B cells had increased expression of functional markers such as CD371, CD69, CD25, CD28, and/or HLA-DR as well as decreased expression of CD23 in the patients. Most of the differing cell subpopulations were similarly altered in the two subgroups of patients.

Conclusion
Our results suggest common immune cell features for both patient subgroups reporting adverse reactions to food, and provide a basis for further studies on mechanistic and diagnostic biomarker studies in food allergy.
Late complications of radiosurgery for cerebral arteriovenous malformations: report of 5 cases of chronic encapsulated intracerebral hematomas and review of the literature
Authors: Finitsis Stephanos , Bernier Valerie , Buccheit Isabelle , Klein Olivier , Bracard Serge , Zhu Francois , Gauchotte Guillaume , Anxionnat René 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Chronic encapsulated intracerebral hematomas (CEIHs) are a rare, late complication of radiosurgery for intracranial AVM. We present 5 cases treated mostly by surgical excision and review the literature.

Methods
Patients (age 39, 42, 36, 31, 62) presented with headache, paresthesia, hemiparesis or were asymptomatic. CEIHs presented 10 to 13 years (median 12 years) post radiosurgery. Three patients had demonstrated early radiation induced changes post radiosurgery. Angiographic cure, assessed with DSA, was present in all cases except 1 case with a small nidus remnant. MRI demonstrated mixed lesions with a solid enhancing part, organized hematoma and extensive surrounding edema while three cases had also a cystic component.

Results
Excision of the CEIHs with complete or partial removal of the capsule was performed in 4 patients and resulted in marked clinical improvement. One patient was managed conservatively with administration of steroids as surgery was judged excessively hazardous with eventual stabilization of his symptoms.

Conclusions
CEIHs are rare, late complications of radiosurgery for cranial AVM. They may be asymptomatic or provoke symptoms and may be preceded by early radiation induced changes. Complete removal of CEIHS is an effective treatment. Because of the long latency period of CEIHs, patients who had radiosurgery for brain AVMs should be followed by MRI at least 10 years even after complete obliteration.
Algorithms for the quantitative Lock/Key model of cytoplasmic incompatibility
Authors: Calamoneri Tiziana , Gastaldello Mattia , Mary Arnaud , Sagot Marie-France , Sinaimeri Blerina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) relates to the manipulation by the parasite Wolbachia of its host reproduction. Despite its widespread occurrence, the molecular basis of CI remains unclear and theoretical models have been proposed to understand the phenomenon. We consider in this paper the quantitative Lock-Key model which currently represents a good hypothesis that is consistent with the data available. CI is in this case modelled as the problem of covering the edges of a bipartite graph with the minimum number of chain subgraphs. This problem is already known to be NP-hard, and we provide an exponential algorithm with a non trivial complexity. It is frequent that depending on the dataset, there may be many optimal solutions which can be biologically quite different among them. To rely on a single optimal solution may therefore be problematic. To this purpose, we address the problem of enumerating (listing) all minimal chain subgraph covers of a bipartite graph and show that it can be solved in quasi-polynomial time. Interestingly, in order to solve the above problems, we considered also the problem of enumerating all the maximal chain subgraphs of a bipartite graph and improved on the current results in the literature for the latter. Finally, to demonstrate the usefulness of our methods we show an application on a real dataset.