Abstract 117: Elucidating the role of Flotillin-2 in EGFR signaling and cancer growth
Authors: Wisniewski David John , Liyasova Mariya S. , Zhang Xu , Gilbert Samuel F. , Catalano Alexis , Voeller Donna , Guha Udayan , Lipkowitz Stanley 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling is frequently dysregulated in a variety of cancers. The ubiquitin ligase Cbl ubiquitinates the activated EGFR, targeting it for degradation, and acts as an adaptor, recruiting proteins required for EGFR trafficking. To study Cbl adaptor function, we used Stable Isotope Labeling with Amino Acids in Cell Culture (SILAC) mass spectrometry (MS) to compare Cbl complexes in 3 groups: without or with EGF stimulation, and with EGF stimulation in the presence of an endosomal trafficking inhibitor. This approach identified over a hundred novel Cbl interactors, whose abundance in the complex with Cbl changed with the treatments. Secondary screening with an in cell Elisa assay demonstrated that siRNA mediated knockdown of Flotillin-2 (FLOT2) resulted in increased phosphorylation of FLOT2. Further evaluation of knockdown of FLOT2 in HeLa cells by immunoblotting showed that loss of FLOT2 led to increased phosphorylation, increased Cbl recruitment to the EGFR, increased ubiquitination of the EGFR, and degradation of EGFR upon EGF stimulation compared to negative control siRNA in HeLa cells. CRISPR knockout of FLOT2 in HeLa cells reduced steady-state levels of EGFR, but increased EGF-stimulated phosphorylation and signaling downstream of EGFR. In lung adenocarcinoma H441 cells, knockdown of FLOT2 increased EGF-stimulated EGFR phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and downstream signaling. This effect was reversed by the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib. Conversely, stable overexpression of FLOT2 in HeLa cells decreased EGF-stimulated EGFR phosphorylation and ubiquitination. Overexpression of wild type (WT) FLOT2 inhibited EGFR phosphorylation upon EGF stimulation in HEK293T cells. Conversely, overexpression of a soluble G2A FLOT2 mutant (which does not get recruited to the plasma membrane) did not inhibit EGF induced EGFR phosphorylation. In order to determine the effect of FLOT2 on EGFR-dependent cancer cell growth, both HeLa and H441 cells were treated in the presence or absence of both EGF and erlotinib in FLOT2 knockdown or knockout cells, and growth was monitored by cell counts over 7 days. HeLa cells exhibited increased growth and soft-agar colony formation in response to FLOT2 knockout, however this growth was not reduced by erlotinib treatment suggesting this was EGFR independent. However, EGF treatment greatly increased HeLa growth in the FLOT2 knockout group as compared to the control CRISPR and this increase was abrogated by erlotinib, indicating that FLOT2 knockout sensitizes HeLa cells to increased EGF-induced HeLa cell growth. H441 cells had an increase in growth over time in response to FLOT2 knockdown, and this growth was erlotinib sensitive, showing that the increase in growth was EGFR-dependent. In summary, these data demonstrate that FLOT2 negatively regulates EGFR activation and its subsequent ubiquitination and degradation. Further, we present evidence that FLOT2 negatively regulates cancer cell growth in an EGFR-dependent manner in H441 cells.
Citation Format: David John Wisniewski, Mariya S. Liyasova, Xu Zhang, Samuel F. Gilbert, Alexis Catalano, Donna Voeller, Udayan Guha, Stanley Lipkowitz. Elucidating the role of Flotillin-2 in EGFR signaling and cancer growth [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 117.