bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of Linear Parameter-Varying Based Sliding Mode Regulator for Limit Protection of Aero-Engines
Authors: Yang Shu-Bo , Wang Xi , Sun Peng-Hui 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In aircraft engine control, replacing linear regulators by sliding mode control (SMC) regulators is considered as an effective approach to reducing the conservatism in the traditional treatment for limit protection. However, most of the relevant studies are based on linear descriptions, which cannot represent the nonlinear systems directly due to their limited valid range. Even if gain scheduling techniques are employed, the stability of the nonlinear systems cannot be theoretically guaranteed. In this paper, a sliding mode strategy for a class of uncertain linear parameter varying (LPV) systems is studied. LPV descriptions are applied to extend the valid range of the linear models covering the entire operation envelope with guaranteed performance and stability. The mismatch between LPV and the real systems is considered as uncertainties. With a sliding surface defined by the tracking errors, system properties on the surface are proved to be satisfactory. After that, a reaching law is designed to ensure global invariance of SMC. Based on a reliable model turbofan, simulation results show that the SMC method can fully exploit the limit margin and, compared to the traditional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control, has a faster response. In addition, stability and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified in a temperature protection case.
An Equivalent Constitutive Model of Cancellous Bone With Fracture Prediction
Authors: Salem Mohammad , Westover Lindsey , Adeeb Samer , Duke Kajsa 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
To simulate the mechanical and fracture behaviors of cancellous bone in three anatomical directions and to develop an equivalent constitutive model. Microscale extended finite element method (XFEM) models of a cancellous specimen were developed with mechanical behaviors in three anatomical directions. An appropriate abaqus macroscale model replicated the behavior observed in the microscale models. The parameters were defined based on the intermediate bone material properties in the anatomical directions and assigned to an equivalent nonporous specimen of the same size. The equivalent model capability was analyzed by comparing the micro- and macromodels. The hysteresis graphs of the microscale model show that the modulus is the same in loading and unloading; similar to the metal plasticity models. The strength and failure strains in each anatomical direction are higher in compression than in tension. The microscale models exhibited an orthotropic behavior. Appropriate parameters of the cast iron plasticity model were chosen to generate macroscale models that are capable of replicating the observed microscale behavior of cancellous bone. Cancellous bone is an orthotropic material that can be simulated using a cast iron plasticity model. This model is capable of replicating the microscale behavior in finite element (FE) analysis simulations without the need for individual trabecula, leading to a reduction in computational resources without sacrificing model accuracy. Also, XFEM of cancellous bone compared to traditional finite element method proves to be a valuable tool to predict and model the fractures in the bone specimen.
Neutrophil expansion defines an immunoinhibitory peripheral and intratumoral inflammatory milieu in resected non-small cell lung cancer: a descriptive analysis of a prospectively immunoprofiled cohort
Authors: Mitchell Kyle G , Diao Lixia , Karpinets Tatiana , Negrao Marcelo V , Tran Hai T , Parra Edwin R , Corsini Erin M , Reuben Alexandre , Federico Lorenzo , Bernatchez Chantale , Dejima Hitoshi , Francisco-Cruz Alejandro , Wang Jing , Antonoff Mara B , Vaporciyan Ara A , Swisher Stephen G , Cascone Tina , Wistuba Ignacio I , Heymach John V , Gibbons Don L , Zhang Jianjun , Haymaker Cara L , Sepesi Boris 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundThe biological underpinnings of the prognostic and predictive significance of a relative neutrophilia in patients with non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) are undefined. We sought to comprehensively examine the relationships between circulating and intratumoral neutrophil populations and features of the immune contexture in patients undergoing NSCLC resection.MethodsPreoperative soluble cytokine and angiogenic factors; tumor multiplex immunofluorescence; RNA, whole exome, and T-cell receptor sequencing; and flow cytometry were analyzed for relationships with populations of circulating (from complete blood counts) and intratumoral neutrophils (transcriptional signatures) in a prospectively enrolled resected NSCLC cohort (n=66). In a historical cohort (n=1524), preoperative circulating neutrophil and lymphocyte counts were analyzed for associations with overall survival (OS).ResultsCirculating neutrophil populations were positively correlated with increased tumor burden, and surgical tumor resection was followed by a subsequent reduction in peripheral neutrophil counts. Expansion of the circulating neutrophil compartment was associated with increased levels of pro-granulopoietic (IL-1β, IL-17A, TNFα, IL-6) and TH2-associated (IL-5, IL-13) cytokines. Tumors with high intratumoral neutrophil burden were marked by a blunted T-cell response characterized by reduced expression of cytotoxic T-cell genes (CD8A,CD8B,GZMA,GZMB), decreased CD3+CD8+cell infiltration, and diminished expression of IFNγ-related genes. The associations between increased intratumoral neutrophil burden and reduced CD3+CD8+infiltration persisted after adjustment for tumor size, histology, mutational burden, and PD-L1 expression. In 1524 patients, elevated preoperative circulating neutrophil count was independently associated with worse OS (main effect HR 1.82, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.68, p=0.002).ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that neutrophil expansion reflects protumorigenic and immunosuppressive processes that manifest as worse OS in patients undergoing NSCLC resection. These results justify further investigation of therapeutic strategies targeting neutrophil-associated immune evasion.
A Review of Medicinal Plants in Cardiovascular Disorders: Benefits and Risks
Authors: Naveed Muhammad , Majeed Fatima , Taleb Abdoh , Zubair Hafiz Muhammad , Shumzaid Muhammad , Farooq Muhammad Asim , Baig Mirza Muhammad Faran Ashraf , Abbas Muhammad , Saeed Muhammad , Changxing Li 
Published: April 2020

Many cultivated and wild plants are used for the management of various diseases, specifically renal and hepatic diseases and those of the immune and cardiovascular systems. In China, medicinal plants from ancient to modern history have been used in patients with angina pectoris, congestive heart failure (CHF), systolic hypertension, arrhythmia, and venous insufficiency for centuries. The latest increase in the fame of natural products and alternative medicine has revived interest in conventional remedies that have been consumed in the management of CVD. The cardio-protective properties of the various herbs are possibly due to their anti-oxidative, antihypercholesterolemic, anti-ischemic activities, and inhibition of platelet aggregation that reduce the risk of CVD. Ethno-pharmacological and biological properties of these plants are explored, based upon published scientific literature. Although a majority of medicinal plants having a biological mechanism that linked with CVD management, to date, published literature pertaining to their promising scientific properties are still poorly understood. Compared with synthetic medicines, alternative medicines do not need scientific studies before their formal approval from the government sector and due to this purpose; their safety, as well as efficacy, still remain elusive. Taken together, we addressed all accessible evidence on alternative medicines commonly consumed in CVD management. Our comprehensive analysis of the scientific literature indicated that many TCMs are available and valuable herbal medication would be the best alternative for the management of CVD as a complementary therapy. Furthermore, practitioners should always discuss possible benefits–risks of alternative medicines with patients so that they are aware of the consumption of alternative medications.
New LHCb pentaquarks as hadrocharmonium states
Authors: Eides Michael I. , Petrov Victor Yu. , Polyakov Maxim V. 
Published: April 2020

New LHCb Collaboration results on pentaquarks with hidden charm1 are discussed. These results fit nicely in the hadrocharmonium pentaquark scenario.[Formula: see text] In the new data the old LHCb pentaquark [Formula: see text] splits into two states [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. We interpret these two almost degenerated hadrocharmonium states with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], as a result of hyperfine splitting between hadrocharmonium states predicted in Ref. 2. It arises due to QCD multipole interaction between color-singlet hadrocharmonium constituents. We improve the theoretical estimate of hyperfine splitting[Formula: see text] that is compatible with the experimental data. The new [Formula: see text] state finds a natural explanation as a bound state of [Formula: see text] and a nucleon, with [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and binding energy 42 MeV. As a bound state of a spin-[Formula: see text] meson and a nucleon, hadrocharmonium pentaquark [Formula: see text] does not experience hyperfine splitting. We find a series of hadrocharmonium states in the vicinity of the wide [Formula: see text] pentaquark that can explain its apparently large decay width. We compare the hadrocharmonium and molecular pentaquark scenarios and discuss their relative advantages and drawbacks.
Mechanical controls on structural styles in shortening environments: a discrete-element modelling approach
Authors: Hughes Amanda 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
It has long been recognized that the structures that accommodate shortening within fold-and-thrust belts exhibit a wide variety of styles that reflect the mechanical behaviour of the stratigraphic units that are being deformed. The ability to characterize these different structural styles, and to understand the factors that control their variability, is essential to many applications, including petroleum geology, earthquake hazard assessment and regional geological studies. The relative contributions of different aspects of the mechanical stratigraphy and boundary conditions to determining fault-related folding style are investigated through the use of the discrete-element modelling (DEM) method in this study. Modelling emergent contractional structures within a shortening wedge with this method demonstrates that (a) The major different styles of shortening structures can all be reproduced under different mechanical circumstances within the range of realistic mechanical conditions, and (b) Different aspects of the mechanics of the deforming rock units (for example, peak strength, strain weakening, layer strength anisotropy) exert various degrees of control on the styles of structures that emerge from the models as shortening progresses. These analyses inform our understanding of the relative importance of these different factors in determining the style of structures which accommodate shortening in different fold-and-thrust belt systems.
A new international initiative for facilitating data-driven Earth science transformation
Authors: Cheng Qiuming , Oberhänsli Roland , Zhao Molei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Data-driven techniques including machine-learning (ML) algorithms with big data are re-activating and re-empowering research in traditional disciplines for solving new problems. For geoscientists, however, what matters is what we do with the data rather than the amount of it. While recent monitoring data will help risk and resource assessment, the long-earth record is fundamental for understanding processes. Thus, how big data technologies can facilitate geoscience research is a fundamental question for most organizations and geoscientists. A quick answer is that big data technology may fundamentally change the direction of geoscience research. In view of the challenges faced by governments and professional organizations in contributing to the transformation of Earth science in the big data era, the International Union of Geological Sciences has established a new initiative: the IUGS-recognized Big Science Program. This paper elaborates on the main opportunities and benefits of utilizing data-driven approaches in geosciences and the challenges in facilitating data-driven earth science transformation. The main benefits may include transformation from human learning alone to integration of human learning and AI, including ML, as well as from known questions seeking answers to formulating as-yet unknown questions with unknown answers. The key challenges may be associated with intelligent acquisition of massive, heterogeneous data and automated comprehensive data discovery for complex Earth problem solving.
Cusp tectonics: an Ediacaran megakarst landscape and bidirectional mass slides in a Pan-African syntaxis (NW Namibia)
Authors: Hoffman Paul F. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Lithospheric cusps occur where arcs are joined end to end. Where a subducting plate moves directly into a cusp, the slab experiences lateral constriction due to the cusp geometry. Buckled slabs of Cenozoic age occur at cusps (also known as ‘syntaxes’) in the Arabian, Indian, Pacific, Juan de Fuca and other plates. Here I report an Ediacaran example from the cusp of the Congo Craton where Pan-African collision zones meet at a right angle in NW Namibia. The craton was blanketed by syn- and post-rift Neoproterozoic marine carbonate, disconformably overlain by collision-related foredeep clastics. The disconformity has little stratigraphic relief in a 900 km-long fold belt rimming the craton, except within 60 km of the cusp apex where foredeep deposits bury a megakarst landscape floored by exhumed crystalline basement. Forebulge uplift, estimated from palaeokarst relief, was ≥1.85 km. This far exceeds characteristic forebulge heights of
c.
0.5 km and matches the deepest part of the Grand Canyon of Arizona (USA). Coeval with megakarst development, map-scale mass slides moved coherently westwards and southwards towards the advancing accretionary prisms. Rapid burial by foredeep clastics preserved the megakarst palaeosurface and associated mass slides; folding them brought protection from complete destructive resurfacing for eons.
A slab failure origin for the Donegal composite batholith, Ireland as indicated by trace-element geochemistry
Authors: Archibald Donnelly B. , Murphy J. Brendan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

The Silurian–early Devonian Donegal composite batholith of Ireland is a classic composite batholith that intruded Neoproterozoic Dalradian metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks during and after the Scandian phase (
c.
435–425 Ma) of the Caledonian Orogeny. The Scandian phase is widely attributed to the collision of Baltica, Ganderia and Avalonia with Laurentia during closure of the Iapetus Ocean. Isotopic and lithogeochemical data indicate episodic construction of the composite batholith from
c.
430–400 Ma. The granitoid rocks are enriched in large-ion lithophile elements, such as Cs, Rb and Ba, and are depleted in high field strength (Nb, Ta, P and Ti) and heavy rare-earth elements. In particular, the chemistry of granitoid rocks from the Donegal composite batholith has Nb/Y >0.4, La/Yb >10, Sm/Yb >2.5 and Gd/Yb >2.0. These characteristics are compatible with a slab-failure origin for the batholith. Following collision, the Iapetus Ocean slab severed by detaching from the trailing continental crust. Upwelling asthenosphere filled the void and the advected heat melted the subcontinental lithospheric mantle and/or the base of the crust to generate the magmas that formed the Donegal composite batholith. The trace-element data indicate melt derivation from processes that left behind a garnet-bearing, plagioclase-absent residue.
Allosteric Inhibition of SHP2 Stimulates Antitumor Immunity by Transforming the Immunosuppressive Environment
Authors: Quintana Elsa , Schulze Christopher J. , Myers Darienne R. , Choy Tiffany J. , Mordec Kasia , Wildes David , Shifrin Nataliya Tobvis , Belwafa Amira , Koltun Elena S. , Gill Adrian L. , Singh Mallika , Kelsey Stephen , Goldsmith Mark A. , Nichols Robert , Smith Jacqueline A.M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 binds to phosphorylated signaling motifs on regulatory immunoreceptors including PD-1, but its functional role in tumor immunity is unclear. Using preclinical models, we show that RMC-4550, an allosteric inhibitor of SHP2, induces antitumor immunity, with effects equivalent to or greater than those resulting from checkpoint blockade. In the tumor microenvironment, inhibition of SHP2 modulated T-cell infiltrates similar to checkpoint blockade. In addition, RMC-4550 drove direct, selective depletion of protumorigenic M2 macrophages via attenuation of CSF1 receptor signaling and increased M1 macrophages via a mechanism independent of CD8+ T cells or IFNγ. These dramatic shifts in polarized macrophage populations in favor of antitumor immunity were not seen with checkpoint blockade. Consistent with a pleiotropic mechanism of action, RMC-4550 in combination with either checkpoint or CSF1R blockade caused additive antitumor activity with complete tumor regressions in some mice; tumors intrinsically sensitive to SHP2 inhibition or checkpoint blockade were particularly susceptible. Our preclinical findings demonstrate that SHP2 thus plays a multifaceted role in inducing immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment, through both targeted inhibition of RAS pathway–dependent tumor growth and liberation of antitumor immune responses. Furthermore, these data suggest that inhibition of SHP2 is a promising investigational therapeutic approach.Significance:Inhibition of SHP2 causes direct and selective depletion of protumorigenic M2 macrophages and promotes antitumor immunity, highlighting an investigational therapeutic approach for some RAS pathway–driven cancers.
Signals from the Metastatic Niche Regulate Early and Advanced Ovarian Cancer Metastasis through miR-4454 Downregulation
Authors: Dasari Subramanyam , Pandhiri Taruni , Grassi Tommaso , Visscher Daniel W. , Multinu Francesco , Agarwal Komal , Mariani Andrea , Shridhar Viji , Mitra Anirban K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTreatment of ovarian cancer is limited by extensive metastasis and yet it remains poorly understood. We have studied the critical step of metastatic colonization in the context of the productive interactions with the metastatic microenvironment with a goal of identifying key regulators. By combining miRNA expression analysis using an organotypic 3D culture model of early ovarian cancer metastasis with that of matched primary and metastatic tumors from 42 patients with ovarian cancer, we identified miR-4454 as a key regulator of both early colonization and advanced metastasis in patients with ovarian cancer. miR-4454 was downregulated in the metastasizing ovarian cancer cells through paracrine signals from microenvironmental fibroblasts, which promoted migration, invasion, proliferation, and clonogenic growth in ovarian cancer cells as well as their ability to penetrate through the outer layers of the omentum. Stable overexpression of miR-4454 decreased metastasis in ovarian cancer xenografts. Its mechanism of action was through the upregulation of its targets, secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich (SPARC) and BCL2 associated athanogene 5 (BAG5), which activated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling, promoted mutant p53 gain of function by its stabilization, and inhibited apoptosis. Because microenvironment-induced downregulation of miR-4454 is essential for early and advanced metastasis, targeting it could be a promising therapeutic approach.Implications:This study identifies a miRNA, miR-4454, which is downregulated by signals from the microenvironment and promotes early and advanced ovarian cancer metastasis through its effects on FAK activation, mutant p53 stabilization, and apoptosis inhibition.
Prognostic Value of Resting Distal-to-Aortic Coronary Pressure in Clinical Practice
Authors: Ahn Jung-Min , Park Duk-Woo , Kim Seon-Ok , Kang Do-Yoon , Lee Cheol-Hyun , Lee Pil Hyung , Lee Seung-Whan , Park Seong-Wook , Park Seung-Jung 
Published: April 2020

Background:
The resting distal-to-aortic coronary pressure ratio (Pd/Pa) is a universally available, hyperemia-free physiological index of coronary stenosis. We investigated clinical outcomes according to resting Pd/Pa versus hyperemic fractional flow reserve (FFR).

Methods:
From the IRIS-FFR (Interventional Cardiology Research Incooperation Society Fractional Flow Reserve) registry, 7014 lesions in 4707 patients with valid resting Pd/Pa and FFR were included in this study. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiac events (MACE; a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and repeat intervention). The MACE rate was compared among resting Pd/Pa ≤0.92 and FFR ≤0.80. A marginal Cox model accounted for correlated data in patients with multiple lesions.

Results:

During a median follow-up of 2.0 years, 223 MACEs occurred. Resting Pd/Pa was an independent predictor for the occurrence of MACE (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.89 [95% CI, 1.32–2.71];
P
=0.001) over clinical and angiographic variables. When resting Pd/Pa and FFR were added into a multivariable model, MACE was no longer significantly associated with resting Pd/Pa (aHR, 1.35 [95% CI, 0.93–1.97];
P
=0.12) but remained to be associated with FFR (aHR, 2.34 [95% CI, 1.56–3.54];
P
<0.001). Compared with lesions with normal value of resting Pa/Pa and FFR, lesions with abnormal values of either resting Pd/Pa (aHR, 2.12 [95% CI, 1.17–3.84];
P
=0.014) or FFR (aHR, 2.32 [95% CI, 1.52–3.55];
P
<0.001) or both (aHR, 2.37 [95% CI, 1.57–3.57];
P
<0.001) showed a significantly increased risk of the occurrence of MACE.

Conclusions:
Resting Pd/Pa appeared to be a less-robust prognostic index than FFR. Resting Pd/Pa could be used as a prognostic index when hyperemic agents are contraindicated or not easily available.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01366404.
Sustainable agriwaste management at farm level through self-reliant farming system
Authors: Rautaray Sachin Kanta , Dubey Rachana , Raychaudhuri Sachidulal , Pradhan Sanatan , Mohanty Sheelabhadra , Mohanty Rajeeb Kumar , Ambast Sunil Kumar 
Published: April 2020

Annually 500 M t organic wastes are produced in India from the agriculture sector. Transportation of bulky organic manures for centralized collection, processing and distribution to farms is cost prohibitive. Hence, recycling of agricultural wastes using vermicompost technology at the farm level is a practical way of managing agriwaste for meeting the plant nutrient requirement. Our experience with a 1.584 ha farm for three years (2015–2016 to 2017–2018) revealed that 8.1 t vermicompost was produced in three batches from 24 t agriwastes produced within the farm area. The system productivity by recycling these farm generated agriwastes and run-off water was 18.05 t (≈11.4 t ha−1) rice equivalent yield which was higher by 2.6 times as compared to rice fallow (4.46 t ha−1). Also, the net return from this system (Indian rupees 70141 ha−1) was higher by 2.3 times, after considering the fixed cost towards construction of a water recycling pond. An increase in carbon stock in soil for the four years study period was 0.66 Mg ha−1 year−1 with the agriwaste recycling system under organic nutrition. For the inorganic fertilizer plot, the increase in carbon stock was 0.53 Mg ha−1 year−1. A decrease in bulk density from 1.56 to 1.46 Mg m−3, increase in water holding capacity from 0.43 to 0.52 cm3 cm−3 and increase in available P and K content in soil from 38.0 and 174.7 kg ha−1 to 45.8 and 186.5 kg ha−1, respectively, were noted. Thus, recycling of agricultural waste at the farm level is useful in improving soil health and crop productivity.