bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex dependent effects of post-natal penicillin on brain, behavior and immune regulation are prevented by concurrent probiotic treatment
Authors: Kayyal Marya , Javkar Tanvi , Firoz Mian M. , Binyamin Dana , Koren Omry , McVey Neufeld Karen-Anne , Forsythe Paul 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThere is increasing awareness of the need to consider potential long-term effects of antibiotics on the health of children. In addition to being associated with immune and metabolic diseases, there is evidence that early-life antibiotic exposure can affect neurodevelopment. Here we investigated the effect of low dose of penicillin V on mice when administered for 1 week immediately prior to weaning. We demonstrated that exposure to the antibiotic during the pre-weaning period led to long-term changes in social behaviour, but not anxiety-like traits, in male mice only. The change in behaviour of males was associated with decreased hippocampal expression of AVPR1A and AVPR1B while expression of both receptors was increased in females. Spleens of male mice also showed an increase in the proportion of activated dendritic cells and a corresponding decrease in regulatory T cells with penicillin exposure. All changes in brain, behaviour and immune cell populations, associated with penicillin exposure, were absent in mice that received L. rhamnosus JB-1 supplementation concurrent with the antibiotic. Our study indicates that post-natal exposure to a clinically relevant dose of antibiotic has long-term, sex dependent effects on the CNS and may have implications for the development of neuropsychiatric disorders. Importantly, we also provide further evidence that probiotic based strategies may be of use in counteracting detrimental effects of early-life antibiotics on neurodevelopment.
The effect of 17% EDTA and QMiX ultrasonic activation on smear layer removal and sealer penetration: ex vivo study
Authors: Matos Felipe de Souza , da Silva Fabrício Rutz , Paranhos Luiz Renato , Moura Camilla Christian Gomes , Bresciani Eduardo , Valera Marcia Carneiro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to compare the effect of conventional irrigation (CI) and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) with 17% EDTA and QMiX on the maximum depth and percentage of sealer penetration into the dentinal tubules by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and to describe the cleaning of root canal walls by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Eighty single-rooted human mandibular premolars were instrumented and randomly assigned to four groups (n = 20): EDTA + CI, QMiX + CI, EDTA + PUI, and QMiX + PUI. Ten samples from each group were examined by SEM (2,000×) and the remaining 40 roots were filled with a single gutta-percha cone and AH Plus sealer mixed with 0.1% rhodamine B for analysis by CLSM (10×). Images were assessed at distances of 2 mm (apical), 5 mm (middle), and 8 mm (coronal) from the apex with the Leica Application Suite V4.10 software. The EDTA + PUI and QMiX + PUI protocols presented higher rates of debris/smear layer removal in the apical and middle thirds. The PUI was superior to CI in the maximum depth of sealer penetration at the middle third. The QMiX + PUI group had a higher percentage of sealer penetration at the apical third. The PUI and QMiX protocol improved debris/smear layer removal and tubular dentin sealer penetration.
Coordination of carbon and nitrogen accumulation and translocation of winter wheat plant to improve grain yield and processing quality
Authors: Huang Xin , Wang Chenyang , Hou Junfeng , Du Chenyang , Liu Sujun , Kang Juan , Lu Hongfang , Xie Yingxin , Guo Tiancai , Ma Dongyun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe objective of this work was to characterize the accumulation of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), and the translocation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars to achieve both high-quality and high-yield. Twenty-four wheat cultivars, including 12 cultivars containing high-quality gluten subunit 5 + 10 at Glu-D1, and 12 cultivars with no Glu-D1 5 + 10, were planted at Yuanyang and Xuchang in Henan Province, during 2016–2017, and 2017–2018 cropping seasons. Wheat cultivars containing Glu-D1 5 + 10 had an advantage in grain quality traits. Significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed for grain protein concentration (GPC) between 5 + 10 group and no 5 + 10 group. Grain yield (GY) was significantly correlated with kernel number (KN) (r = 0.778, P < 0.01), thousand-kernel weight (TKW) (r = 0.559, P < 0.01), dry matter accumulation at post-anthesis (r = 0.443, P < 0.05), and stem water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) accumulation (r = 0.487, P < 0.05) and translocation amount (r = 0.490, P < 0.05). GPC, dough stability time (DST) and nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE) were significantly correlated with nitrogen accumulation (NAA) at maturity stage (r = 0.524, = 0.404, = 0.418, P < 0.01, < 0.05, < 0.05, respectively), and nitrogen translocation amount (r = 0.512, = 0.471, = 0.405, P < 0.05, < 0.05, < 0.05, respectively). These results suggest that good-quality, high-yield, and high-efficiency could achieve through the selection of high-quality wheat cultivars and coordination of C and N accumulation and translocation. High-quality gluten subunit gene Glu-D1 5 + 10 and stem WSC could be used as a selection index for breeding and production of high-quality and high-yield wheat.
Endoscopic hematoma removal of supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage under local anesthesia reduces operative time compared to craniotomy
Authors: Katsuki Masahito , Kakizawa Yukinari , Nishikawa Akihiro , Yamamoto Yasunaga , Uchiyama Toshiya 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe surgical efficacy for supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains unknown. We compared the advantages of the widely practiced endoscopic hematoma removal under local anesthesia with that of craniotomy under general anesthesia for ICH. We also focused on our novel operative concept of intentional hematoma leaving technique to avoid further damage to the brain. We retrospectively analyzed 134 consecutive patients (66 endoscopies and 68 craniotomies) who were surgically treated for supratentorial ICH. The characteristics of the 134 patients were as follows: The median (interquartile range) age was 73 (61–82) years. The median Glasgow Coma Scale scores at admission, on day 7, and the median modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 6 months were 10 (7–13), 13 (10–14), and 4 (3–5) respectively. The statistical comparison revealed there were no differences in GCS score on day seven between the endoscopy 13 (12–14) and craniotomy group 12 (9–14). No differences were observed in mRS scores at 6 months between the endoscopy 4 (2–5) and craniotomy group 4 (3–5). However, the patients treated with our technique tended to have favorable outcomes. Multivariate analysis revealed the operative time was significantly decreased in the endoscopy group compared to the craniotomy group (p < 0.001).
Decreased MYC-associated factor X (MAX) expression is a new potential biomarker for adverse prognosis in anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Authors: Yamashita Takahisa , Higashi Morihiro , Momose Shuji , Adachi Akiko , Watanabe Toshiki , Tanaka Yuka , Tokuhira Michihide , Kizaki Masahiro , Tamaru Jun-ichi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMYC-associated factor X (MAX) is a protein in the basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper family, which is ubiquitously and constitutively expressed in various normal tissues and tumors. MAX protein mediates various cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis through the MYC-MAX protein complex. Recently, it has been reported that MYC regulates the proliferation of anaplastic large cell lymphoma. However, the expression and function of MAX in anaplastic large cell lymphoma remain to be elucidated. We herein investigated MAX expression in anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) and found 11 of 37 patients (30%) with ALCL lacked MAX expression, whereas 15 of 15 patients (100%) with PTCL-NOS expressed MAX protein. ALCL patients lacking MAX expression had a significantly inferior prognosis compared with patients having MAX expression. Moreover, patients without MAX expression significantly had histological non-common variants, which were mainly detected in aggressive ALCL cases. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that MAX expression was related to the expression of MYC and cytotoxic molecules. These findings demonstrate that lack of MAX expression is a potential poor prognostic biomarker in ALCL and a candidate marker for differential diagnosis of ALCL and PTCL-NOS.
Single-cell sequencing of genomic DNA resolves sub-clonal heterogeneity in a melanoma cell line
Authors: Velazquez-Villarreal Enrique I. , Maheshwari Shamoni , Sorenson Jon , Fiddes Ian T. , Kumar Vijay , Yin Yifeng , Webb Michelle G. , Catalanotti Claudia , Grigorova Mira , Edwards Paul A. , Carpten John D. , Craig David W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe performed shallow single-cell sequencing of genomic DNA across 1475 cells from a cell-line, COLO829, to resolve overall complexity and clonality. This melanoma tumor-line has been previously characterized by multiple technologies and is a benchmark for evaluating somatic alterations. In some of these studies, COLO829 has shown conflicting and/or indeterminate copy number and, thus, single-cell sequencing provides a tool for gaining insight. Following shallow single-cell sequencing, we first identified at least four major sub-clones by discriminant analysis of principal components of single-cell copy number data. Based on clustering, break-point and loss of heterozygosity analysis of aggregated data from sub-clones, we identified distinct hallmark events that were validated within bulk sequencing and spectral karyotyping. In summary, COLO829 exhibits a classical Dutrillaux’s monosomic/trisomic pattern of karyotype evolution with endoreduplication, where consistent sub-clones emerge from the loss/gain of abnormal chromosomes. Overall, our results demonstrate how shallow copy number profiling can uncover hidden biological insights.
Robust detection of oncometabolic aberrations by 1H–13C heteronuclear single quantum correlation in intact biological specimens
Authors: Barekatain Yasaman , Yan Victoria C. , Arthur Kenisha , Ackroyd Jeffrey J. , Khadka Sunada , De Groot John , Huse Jason T. , Muller Florian L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMagnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy has potential to non-invasively detect metabolites of diagnostic significance for precision oncology. Yet, many metabolites have similar chemical shifts, yielding highly convoluted 1H spectra of intact biological material and limiting diagnostic utility. Here, we show that hydrogen–carbon heteronuclear single quantum correlation (1H–13C HSQC) offers dramatic improvements in sensitivity compared to one-dimensional (1D) 13C NMR and significant signal deconvolution compared to 1D 1H spectra in intact biological settings. Using a standard NMR spectroscope with a cryoprobe but without specialized signal enhancing features such as magic angle spinning, metabolite extractions or 13C-isotopic enrichment, we obtain well-resolved 2D 1H–13C HSQC spectra in live cancer cells, in ex vivo freshly dissected xenografted tumors and resected primary tumors. This method can identify tumors with specific oncometabolite alterations such as IDH mutations by 2-hydroxyglutarate and PGD-deleted tumors by gluconate. Results suggest potential of 1H–13C HSQC as a non-invasive diagnostic in precision oncology.
Epigenome-450K-wide methylation signatures of active cigarette smoking: The Young Finns Study
Authors: Mishra Pashupati P. , Hänninen Ismo , Raitoharju Emma , Marttila Saara , Mishra Binisha H. , Mononen Nina , Kähönen Mika , Hurme Mikko , Raitakari Olli , Törönen Petri , Holm Liisa , Lehtimäki Terho 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Smoking as a major risk factor for morbidity affects numerous regulatory systems of the human body including DNA methylation. Most of the previous studies with genome-wide methylation data are based on conventional association analysis and earliest threshold-based gene set analysis that lacks sensitivity to be able to reveal all the relevant effects of smoking. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of active smoking on DNA methylation at three biological levels: 5′-C-phosphate-G-3′ (CpG) sites, genes and functionally related genes (gene sets). Gene set analysis was done with mGSZ, a modern threshold-free method previously developed by us that utilizes all the genes in the experiment and their differential methylation scores. Application of such method in DNA methylation study is novel. Epigenome-wide methylation levels were profiled from Young Finns Study (YFS) participants’ whole blood from 2011 follow-up using Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChips. We identified three novel smoking related CpG sites and replicated 57 of the previously identified ones. We found that smoking is associated with hypomethylation in shore (genomic regions 0–2 kilobases from CpG island). We identified smoking related methylation changes in 13 gene sets with false discovery rate (FDR) ≤ 0.05, among which is olfactory receptor activity, the flagship novel finding of the present study. Overall, we extended the current knowledge by identifying: (i) three novel smoking related CpG sites, (ii) similar effects as aging on average methylation in shore, and (iii) a novel finding that olfactory receptor activity pathway responds to tobacco smoke and toxin exposure through epigenetic mechanisms.
Targeting mitochondrial fitness as a strategy for healthy vascular aging
Authors: Rossman Matthew J. , Gioscia-Ryan Rachel A. , Clayton Zachary S. , Murphy Michael P. , Seals Douglas R. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide and aging is the primary risk factor for CVD. The development of vascular dysfunction, including endothelial dysfunction and stiffening of the large elastic arteries (i.e., the aorta and carotid arteries), contribute importantly to the age-related increase in CVD risk. Vascular aging is driven in large part by oxidative stress, which reduces bioavailability of nitric oxide and promotes alterations in the extracellular matrix. A key upstream driver of vascular oxidative stress is age-associated mitochondrial dysfunction. This review will focus on vascular mitochondria, mitochondrial dysregulation and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and discuss current evidence for prevention and treatment of vascular aging via lifestyle and pharmacological strategies that improve mitochondrial health. We will also identify promising areas and important considerations (‘research gaps’) for future investigation.
Fast two‐dimensional THz imaging using rail‐based synthetic aperture radar (SAR) processing
Authors: Saqueb S. , Nahar N.K. , Sertel K. 
Published: June 2020

The authors present a terahertz‐band imaging system using rail‐based synthetic aperture radar sensing and processing. In the proposed setup, the object is inclined with respect to the transmitter and is scanned in azimuth using a motorised linear stage. The single‐transceiver system is based on one‐port full‐duplex frequency extender module coupled with a vector network analyser. Processing the reflection data recorded in the frequency domain, it is possible to reconstruct high‐resolution two‐dimensional images of objects and voids concealed behind material layers in the 220–355 and 500–750 GHz bands with sub‐millimetre resolution.
How faculae and network relate to sunspots, and the implications for solar and stellar brightness variations
Authors: Yeo K. L. , Solanki S. K. , Krivova N. A. 
Published: June 2020

Context. How global faculae and network coverage relates to that of sunspots is relevant to the brightness variations of the Sun and Sun-like stars.
Aims. We aim to extend and improve on earlier studies that established that the facular-to-sunspot-area ratio diminishes with total sunspot coverage.
Methods. Chromospheric indices and the total magnetic flux enclosed in network and faculae, referred to here as “facular indices”, are modulated by the amount of facular and network present. We probed the relationship between various facular and sunspot indices through an empirical model, taking into account how active regions evolve and the possible non-linear relationship between plage emission, facular magnetic flux, and sunspot area. This model was incorporated into a model of total solar irradiance (TSI) to elucidate the implications for solar and stellar brightness variations.
Results. The reconstruction of the facular indices from the sunspot indices with the model presented here replicates most of the observed variability, and is better at doing so than earlier models. Contrary to recent studies, we found the relationship between the facular and sunspot indices to be stable over the past four decades. The model indicates that, like the facular-to-sunspot-area ratio, the ratio of the variation in chromospheric emission and total network and facular magnetic flux to sunspot area decreases with the latter. The TSI model indicates the ratio of the TSI excess from faculae and network to the deficit from sunspots also declines with sunspot area, with the consequence being that TSI rises with sunspot area more slowly than if the two quantities were linearly proportional to one another. This explains why even though solar cycle 23 is significantly weaker than cycle 22, TSI rose to comparable levels over both cycles. The extrapolation of the TSI model to higher activity levels indicates that in the activity range where Sun-like stars are observed to switch from growing brighter with increasing activity to becoming dimmer instead, the activity-dependence of TSI exhibits a similar transition. This happens as sunspot darkening starts to rise more rapidly with activity than facular and network brightening. This bolsters the interpretation of this behaviour of Sun-like stars as the transition from a faculae-dominated to a spot-dominated regime.
The challenge of measuring the phase function of debris discs
Authors: Olofsson J. , Milli J. , Bayo A. , Henning Th. , Engler N. 
Published: June 2020

Context. Debris discs are valuable systems to study dust properties. Because they are optically thin at all wavelengths, we have direct access to the absorption and scattering properties of the dust grains. One very promising technique to study them is to measure their phase function, that is, the scattering efficiency as a function of the scattering angle. Discs that are highly inclined are promising targets as a wider range of scattering angles can be probed.
Aims. The phase function (polarised or total intensity) is usually either inferred by comparing the observations to synthetic disc models, assuming a parametrised phase function or estimating it from the surface brightness of the disc. Here, we argue that the latter approach can be biased due to projection effects leading to an increase in column density along the major axis of a non-flat disc.
Methods. We present a novel approach to account for those column density effects. The method remains model dependent, as a disc model is still required to estimate the density variations as a function of the scattering angle. This method allows us, however, to estimate the shape of the phase function without having to invoke any parametrised form.
Results. We apply our method to SPHERE/ZIMPOL observations of HR 4796 A and highlight the differences with previous measurements only using the surface brightness; the main differences being at scattering angles smaller than ~100°. Our modelling results suggest that the disc is not vertically flat at optical wavelengths; this result is supported by comparing the width along the major and minor axis of synthetic images. We discuss some of the caveats of the approach, mostly that our method remains blind to real local increases in the dust density and that it cannot be readily applied to angular differential imaging observations yet.
Conclusions. We show that the vertical thickness of inclined (≥60°) debris discs can affect the determination of their phase functions. Similarly to previous studies on HR 4796 A, we still cannot reconcile the full picture using a given scattering theory to explain the shape of the phase function, the blow-out size due to radiation pressure, and the shape of the spectral energy distribution, which is a long-lasting problem for debris discs. Nonetheless, we argue that similar effects, such as the ones highlighted in this study, can also bias the determination of the phase function in total intensity.
Biologika bei chronischer Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Pinggera Leyla , Innerhofer Veronika , Fischer Natalie , Riechelmann Herbert 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammation of the nasal and paranasal mucosa, lasting for more than 12 weeks. By now approximately 15 % of the European and American population are affected, which indicates that CRS is a serious health problem. Beside other subgroups the most important classification is CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). Standard-of-care therapies include nasal saline solution as well as topic or systemic corticosteroids. If this does not lead to a sufficient recovery, surgical therapy is a good option. A new therapy option is represented by biologics, particularly monoclonal antibodies (mAB). They are well-established for treatment of asthma bronchiale. Due to the fact that asthma is often associated with nasal polyps, and mAB may could also lead to improvements in CRS, studies were conducted. In the meantime there is a number of mAB which have emerged as an alternative treatment for patients with CRSwNP.
Evaluation des FITKIDS-Programms zum gesunden Aufwachsen von Kindern aus suchtbelasteten Familien
Authors: Hower Kira Isabel , Pförtner Timo-Kolja , Saak Pamela , Schneider Annika , Aydin Osman , Pfaff Holger , Kons Jörg , Groß Sandra , Ansmann Lena 
Published: June 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Elterlicher Drogenkonsum kann zu prekären
Lebensbedingungen für Kinder führen. Suchtbelastete Familien
sind durch Hilfemaßnahmen schwer zu erreichen. Die
Drogen-/Suchtberatung hat gute Zugangschancen,
berücksichtigt die familiäre Situation bisher jedoch
unzureichend. Die Implementierung des Organisationsentwicklungsprogramms
FITKIDS in die Arbeit der Drogen-/Suchtberatungsstellen hat zum
Ziel, die gesunde Entwicklung betroffener Kinder zu stärken.
Methode Die Studie EvaFit II evaluiert die Wirkung von FITKIDS
mittels semi-strukturierter, leitfadengestützter Einzelinterviews
mit suchtkranken Eltern (n=14), und deren Kindern (n=6) in
FITKIDS geschulten Beratungsstellen.
Ergebnisse Die Ergebnisse zeigen positive Wirkungen bezüglich
der Lebenssituation der Familien, z. B. in Bezug auf soziale
Teilhabe, Kommunikation oder die Vermittlung in Hilfesysteme. Die
vertrauensvolle Zusammenarbeit mit Beraterinnen und Beratern ist
dafür entscheidend.
Diskussion Mithilfe der kinderorientierten Ausrichtung der
Beratungsstellen, der Kompetenzerweiterung der Beraterinnen und Berater und
dem Aufbau von Netzwerkstrukturen gelingt es, Sucht- und Drogenberatung,
Erziehungsberatung und die Kinder-/Jugendhilfe zu vereinen. Die
Ergebnisse tragen zur Evidenzbasierung in der Suchthilfe bei.