bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved power conversion efficiency in Perovskite solar cell using silver nanoparticles modified photoanode
Authors: Eli D , Onimisi MY , Garba S , Gyuk PM , Jamila T , Boduku HP 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMetal nanoparticles have demonstrated outstanding properties in photovoltaic devices through introducing localized surface plasmon effects. The performance of Perovskite solar cell (PSC) by incorporating Ag@P4VP NPs was investigated systematically. The plasmonic enhancement effects are explored based on the combination of UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The performance, especially the short circuit current density(Jsc), and open circuit voltage(Voc)of the PSC containing Ag@P4VP NPs was significantly affected. The power conversion efficiency(PCE), JscandVocofthe reference device shows a value of 3.80 %, 11.04 mAcm−2and 0.85 V. Upon introducing AgNPs@P4VP, aPCEof 5.69 %,Jscof 12.61 mAcm−2andVocof 0.88 V were recorded, which improved thePCE∼ 39.4 % over that of the standard device. The improvement is attributed to an increase in photocurrent density due to enhanced light harvesting by silver nanoparticles.
Assessment of micro-morphology of the leaves of Solanum nigrum (L.), Amaranthus hybridus (L.) and Celosia argentea (L.) cultivated using kola pod extract-mediated AgNPs as biofertilizer
Authors: Ogundola A F , Liasu M O , Ogunkunle ATJ , Ajao OS , Jimoh MO 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this study, assessment was made on the growth response and micro-morphology of the leaves of Amaranthus hybridus, Celosia argentea and Solanum nigrum cultivated using super grow (Golden Neo-Life Diamite-(GNLD) bio-fertilizer, kola pod extract-mediated AgNPs with super grow. AgNPs was synthesized biologically making use of pod extract of Cola nitida. A pot experiment was conducted to cultivate the three vegetables on soil from botanical gardens, LAUTECH in 5 kg soil capacity pots and super grow (biofertilizer) and mixture of AgNPs and super grow were applied at the second week after planting. Data were collected from the plant growth parameters. Random ccollection of the leaves was done at the onset of flowering and prepared for viewing with a binocular light microscope (Olympus) at 100X and 400X magnifications. Photographs were obtained digitally with Android phone using Microsoft image programme for windows. Statistical analysis of variance was done used MINITAB release 17, and means were separated with Fisher’s Least significant different at p<0.05. Leaves of plant treated with AgNPs have their micro organs (stomata and subsidiary/epidermal cells) bigger in sizes and increased in densities. This situation was observed in the leaves of the three plant species used in this study. Conclusively, Kola pod extract-mediated AgNPs strengthened the super grow and influenced the growth response as there was significant difference among the values recorded from the treatments. Also, micro-morphology of the AgNPs treated plant samples recorded significant values.
Effect of particle size of rice husk ash on aluminium/graphene composites
Authors: Yekinni AA , Durowoju MO , Agunsoye JO , Mudashiru LO 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Aluminium/graphene (Al/G) composite has gained wider engineering applications because of its unique properties such as lightweight, excellent corrosion resistant, improved strength and enhanced thermal conductivity. However, difficulty in dispersing graphene in molten aluminium remains one of the major optimization challenges. This study developed, by stir casting technique, composites of aluminium alloy from recycled aluminium can, 0.4 wt. % graphene (G) and 1.6 wt.% rice husk ash (RHA) with particle sizes of 150, 300 and 600 μm. The tensile, hardness, impact and fatigue properties were analyzed using Instron Extensometer, Vickers hardness tester, Charpy Impact machine and rotating fatigue machine respectively. Furthermore, the cast samples were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The morphology of the microstructure of all composites showed the retention and uniform distribution of G and RHA particles in the Al matrix devoid of presence of harmful aluminium carbide with improved mechanical properties. The study established a new approach of dispersing graphene in molten aluminium through a stir cast method with 150 μm particle size of RHA given the best mechanical and morphological properties.
Enhancing the thermal performance of solar collectors using nanofluids
Authors: Omisanya M I , Hamzat AK , Adedayo SA , Adediran IA , Asafa TB 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSolar energy remains the most ubiquitous and inexhaustible source of energy. This energy can be utilized by several approaches including the use of solar collectors. Several studies have illustrated that the efficiency of solar collectors can be significantly improved by the introduction of nanofluids which have shown improved thermal conductivity up to 160% with a subsequent reduction in greenhouse gases such as CO2. To produce nanofluids, nanoparticles such as Al2O3, hybrid ZnO + Al2O3, and metals (Al, Cu) particles are dispersed into the based fluids such as water, glycerol, and bio-fluids. The added nanoparticles enhance the viscosity, absorption rate, convective heat transfer coefficient and heat losses of the fluid. The performance of details the applications and effectiveness of different nanofluids in four types of solar collectors - parabolic trough, flat plate, direct absorption, and evacuated tube. In addition, the work sheds light on the future trend and challenges of nanofluids (including toxicity) in solar collectors. Regardless of its toxicity, researchers have shown more interest in nanofluids use in solar collectors because of its strong sustainability to a safe environment and the exploration of hybrid nanofluids to better enhance solar collectors. Solar collectors can also be modulated by using different nanofluids at varying concentrations.
Influence of XL-bond nanochemical on strength indices of weak lateritic soil
Authors: Olaniyan OS , Ajileye VO , Adewusi MO , Aransiola DO , Ayanlola JA 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Lateritic soil is among the major construction materials in road pavement. However, obtaining lateritic soil with sufficient strength is difficult and stabilization with cement is expensive. Stabilization with cement and lime has been well reported but there is paucity of information on stabilization with XL-Bond nanochemicals. In this study, the strength characteristics of stabilized lateritic soil with XL-Bond nanochemical were investigated. Lateritic soil samples were taken from Bariga and Mushin, Lagos State, Nigeria borrowpits (A: Latitude 6.5391°, longitude 3.3849°) and (B: Latitude 6.5273°, longitude 3.3414°), respectively. The geotechnical properties which include Moisture Content (MC), Particle Size Analysis (percentage passing sieve no 200), Plastic Index (PI), Optimum Moisture Content (OMC), Maximum Dry Density (MDD), Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) and California Bearing Ratio [CBR] (soaked) of lateritic soils were determined at natural state. The lateritic soils were stabilized at 2, 4, 6, and 8% of XL-Bond nanochemical by dry unit weight of the soil samples. The PI, MDD, CBR (soaked and unsoaked) and UCS of stabilized laterite soil samples were determined in line with standard methods.
The MC, percentage passing sieve no 200, PI, OMC, MDD, UCS and CBR (soaked and unsoaked) of soil samples A, B were (45.6%, 38.98%, 5.0%, 10.5%, 2420 g/m3, 59kPa, 12.0% and 10.0% ); (41.1%, 54.52%, 2.0%, 12.50%, 1960g/m3, 72kPa, 4.0% and 20.0%), respectively. The PI, MDD, CBR (soaked and unsoaked) and UCS of stabilized soil with XL-Bond varied from (3-7%; 2.30-2.35g/cm3, 12-23%, 23-50% and 64-83 kPa) and (3-6%; 1.44-1.50g/cm3,6-20%, 21-40% and 79-8 kPa), respectively. There is significant effect of varying percentage of XL-Bond on CBR of stabilized samples (P = 0.1004>0.05). In conclusion, stabilization of Laterite soil with XL-Bond nanochemical enhanced its compressive strength. The stabilized lateritic soil can be used as subgrade materials in highway construction.
Inhibition efficiency of silver nanoparticles solution on corrosion of mild steel, stainless steel and aluminum in 1.0 M HCl medium
Authors: Asafa TB , Odusote JK , Ibrahim OS , Lateef A , Durowoju MO , Azeez MA , Yekeen TA , Oladipo IC , Adebayo EA , Badmus JA , Sanusi YK , Adedokun O 
Published: June 2020

AbstractResearch work on corrosion behaviour of metals and their alloys continues to attract considerable attention because of the huge cost required to prevent corrosion and replace failed or contaminated components due to corrosion reactions. Different inhibitors have been used to minimize corrosion rate, but addition of nanoparticles has been reported to enhance inhibition efficiency. In this work, the influence of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on inhibition of corrosion of mild steel, stainless steel and aluminum in 1.0 M HCl were investigated. Biosynthesized AgNPs were acquired from Laboratory of Industrial Nanobiotechnology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso. The particles were hitherto characterized using FTIR, UV-Vis and TEM. Five concentrations of AgNPs solution (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 μg/ml) were added to 1.0 M HCl. The corrosion inhibition effects of the AgNPs on the metal samples were analyzed using gravimetric (weight loss), potentiodynamic polarization and gasometric (hydrogen gasevolution) approaches. Gravimetric study was conducted within 2000 h of exposure, and the results showed that weight loss increased with exposure time but decreased with increased concentration of AgNPs solution. In addition, inhibition efficiency was enhanced by the addition of AgNPs solution; 52% for mild steel, 70% for stainless steel and 62% for aluminum. Gasometric results revealed that the volume of hydrogen gas evolution reduced with increased exposure time and concentration of AgNPs solution. Furthermore, potentiodynamic polarization results showed that the presence of AgNPs modified the mechanism of anodic dissolution and cathodic hydrogen gas evolution. These results indicated that AgNPs can be incorporated into the existing inhibitors towards minimizing corrosion rate.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for optical and photocatalytic applications: a review
Authors: Kareem M A , Bello I T , Shittu H A , Awodele M K , Adedokun O , Sanusi Y K 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Nano-sized particles of silver (Ag) whose diameter falls within 1-100 nm range possess an exceptional physico-chemical, biological and antimicrobial properties. As a result of their unique properties, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been vigorously investigated. In the last decade, several trials have been made to heighten the green methods of formulating AgNPs to reduce the danger of the by-products from chemical methods. A clear understanding of AgNPs properties is absolutely necessary in order to make the best use of these nanoparticles in various fields, while their effect on man and environment is reduced to the least achievable. This review aims to discuss the green methods of preparing AgNPs and its numerous applications in the area of opto-electronics and environmental remediation. Many natural biomolecules in plants and microorganism were involved in formation, stabilization and bio-reduction of AgNPs. Over the years, several discoveries have reiterated that the catalytic and optical properties of AgNPs are dependent on the size, size-distribution and shape, which show variation by differing their synthetic approaches, stabilizers and reducing agents. In this review, silver nanoparticles have been reported to produce a desired result as a promising photocatalytic material and with a viable application in opto-electronic device. Thus silver nanoparticles are considered useful for having diverse range of applications for the benefits of man.
Effect of low temperature synthesis of carbon nanotube nanocomposite on the photovoltaic performance of anode buffer layer in polymer solar cells
Authors: Oyeshola H O , Adisa M A , Adejumo B K , Babalola K K , Agboluaje B A , Adedokun O , Sanusi Y K 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Today’s solar cells are simply not efficient enough and are currently too expensive to manufacture for large-scale electricity generation. However, potential advancements in nanotechnology may open the door to the production of cheaper and slightly more efficient solar cells. This research is based on the study of photovoltaic properties of low temperature synthesized carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposite as an anode buffer layer for the PEDOT:PSS based polymer solar cells. CNT was synthesized using simple and cost effective method at low temperature. The structural and optical properties of prepared CNT samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and UV spectroscopy. CNT/PEDOT:PSS nanocomposite solutions was prepared and spin coated on a cleaned glass substrate at different spin coating speed, the fabricated buffer layer thin film devices were annealed from 100 °C to 500 °C, their optical and electrical properties were then analyzed. The XRD of synthesized CNTs nanoparticles show diffraction pattern which exhibit tetragonal structure and FTIR shows functional group of carbon nanotube. The SEM image showed that the obtained sample maintained tubular structure, cluster at 20 nm but properly dispersed at 100 nm. The optical studies of the films show an increase in absorbance as the annealing temperature increases. The photovoltaic performance of the polymer solar cell showed an improved efficiency of 6.44 % for optimized device. It is deduced from this work that low temperature synthesized CNT nanocomposite demonstrated better performance as anode buffer layer for high efficient polymer solar cells.
Nanobiosensors: applications in biomedical technology
Authors: Banigo AT , Azeez TO , Ejeta KO , Lateef A , Ajuogu E 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Biosensor devices are composed of bioreceptor, transducer and detector that detect and aid in measuring parameters of some primary metabolites, immunological molecules and many more materials. These devices are of various types including piezoelectric which exhibit high efficiency based on sensitivity, response time, selectivity and linearity. Currently, newly developed nanobiosensors help in transduction and are employed to sense biomolecules bearing high sensitivity. Nanobiosensors also could be homogeneous or heterogeneous in nature and equally function in sensing mechanism of the biosensing technology. Thus, different nanobiosensors are greatly utilized to reduce poison in products, disease diagnostics and in many biomedical applications. Based on all these factors and the positive impact of using these devices; nanobiosensor types, applications, challenges and preferred solution in biomedical technology were considered and discussed in this work.
Biosynthesis and bactericidal activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using cell-free bioflocculant from domestic wastewater bacterial consortium
Authors: Adebayo E A , Kumi E O , Ajibade V O , Akinjo A O , Abiola O S , Raji M A , Adepoju Y , Oduoye O T 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWater bodies are becoming contaminated by chemicals and harmful microorganisms like bacteria, which often cause serious illnesses and at times death. It is therefore pertinent to find a mean of purifying wastewaters and larger polluted water bodies. This research aimed at isolating bioflocculant–producing bacteria to synthesis silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for water purification and antimicrobial activities. Wastewater was collected from eateries (sites A and B) around LAUTECH Ogbomoso; the bioflocculant–producing bacteria were isolated and characterized to species level using molecular tools and registered in the GenBank database. Kaolin (5 g/L) suspension was used to measure the flocculating activity of isolated organisms at an optical density (OD) of 550 nm. The cell-free bioflocculant was used to synthesize AgNPs and its potentials to reduce the microbial load of polluted water were evaluated. The isolated strains were characterized and identified as (A)Bacillus polymyxa(KY705398),Bacillusspecies (KY705399),Bacillus alvei(KY705400) andBacillus subtilis(KY705401); (B)Klebsiella pneumoniae(KY706100),Providencia stuartii(KY706101), andAcinetobacterspecies (KY706102). The consortium organisms gave flocculating activity of 92.46% (A) and 60% (B). The UV-vis spectroscopy showed AgNPs with surface plasmon resonance at 570 nm and 460 nm for sites A and B respectively. FTIR peaks of AgNPs (A) (3525, 3284, and 1179 cm−1) and (B) (3611, 3307 and 2492 Cm−1), pointed to protein as both capping and stabilizing agents for the synthesized nanoparticles. Synthesized AgNPs exerted total reduction of microbial load in faecal polluted wastewater of 146 CFU/ml at a 10−5factor at a concentration of 20 μg. The results obtained revealed that cell-free bioflocculant AgNPs has bactericidal activity and it could be used as efficient water purifying agent.
Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles-doped titanium (IV) oxide thin films
Authors: Balogun SW , Abdulhamid AB , Sanusi YK , Adedokun O 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Current advancements in nanotechnology appear to open a more efficient, stable, and cheaper way of producing solar cells to replace the too expensive means of inorganic solar cells production. The creation of nanoscale materials for advanced structures has led to a growing research interest in the area of photovoltaic energy conversion using photovoltaic devices. This research investigates the impact of annealing temperature on the optical properties of silver nanoparticles-doped titanium (IV) oxide thin film (TiO2:AgNPs) deposited by spin-coating method on glass substrate. AgNPs were prepared using the leaf extract of Gliricidia sepium as a reducing agent for silver nitrate. Deposition of TiO2:AgNPs composite solution was performed in different volume ratio. Deposition of TiO2:AgNPs volume ratio (1: 0.2) was performed with different spin-coating speed for 30 seconds at 7 different thicknesses. Characterization of the optical properties of thin films was carried out by using a UV-vis single beam spectrophotometer; this was used to calculate the absorbance and the bandgap energy. Sixteen 16 samples of TiO2:AgNPs deposited at 1000 rpm on the glass substrate were annealed at temperature range of 50 to 425 °C with step of 10 °C interval in a tubular furnace. It was observed from the results that the peak absorption of photon energy occurred at 375 °C in the visible spectrum of the wavelength band. The optimal thickness for peak absorbance of the TiO2:AgNPs blend layer occurred at 115 nm in the visible spectrum and at the corresponding spin speed of 1000 rpm. The optimized fabrication process with blend layer thickness of 115 nm yielded the best absorbance at an annealed temperature of 375 °C in the visible spectrum. The volume ratio of (1:0.2) gave the peak absorption at 0.75 au. At 1000 rpm with the corresponding thickness of 115 nm, TiO2:AgNPs blend has the peak absorbance. The energy band gap of the blend thin film is 3.58 eV at 375 °C in the visible spectrum of wavelength band. The result obtained showed that AgNPs enhanced light absorption, broadened absorption spectral range and thermal stability of titanium (IV) oxide film. The result can be used as a guideline in the design and fabrication of solar cells.
Effects of pH, temperature and agitation on the biosynthesis of iron nanoparticles produced by Trichoderma species
Authors: Kareem SO , Adeleye TM , Ojo RO 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
There is an increasing global search for commercially and environmentally clean synthesis of metallic nanoparticles from bioresources. However, there is insufficient reported information on the production of iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) from fungi such as Trichoderma species which has potentials for greater for yield of FeNPs as compared with bacterial sources. Filtrates obtained from biomass of pure cultures grown (72 h) in Potato Dextrose Broth were reacted with 1 M ferric chloride solution. A change in coloration monitored by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (200-600 nm) as compared with control (ferric chloride solution) indicated a positive result. Nanoparticle synthesized in the reactive filtrate was characterized using utltraviolet-visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The effects of some physical parameters such as agitation, pH and temperature were monitored. The UV-vis spectrum revealed the peak of absorbance of synthesized nanoparticle by selected Trichoderma species at 275 nm. Optimum conditions for nanoparticle biosynthesis were observed at pH 4.5, 35 °C and when cells were agitated. Peaks of transmittance were observed at 950, 1800, 2250, 3000 and 3500 cm−1. These peaks represent the C-H, C=O, C=N, C=H and the OH functional groups respectively. The presence of the alkene, carboxyl and phenol groups suggests a capping of the NPs by the organism after redox reaction. The properties of extracellular iron nanoparticles synthesized by Trichoderma species from this study, presents the fungi as a bioresource for synthesis of stable NPs.
Numerical Study on the Extreme Impact Load of Wavy-Water Ditching
Authors: Zhao Yunke , Qu Qiulin , Liu Peiqing 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this paper, numerical method is used study the extreme impact load and its physical causes during the wavy aircraft ditching. the finite volume method and VOF method are used to capture the free surface, six degrees of freedom model and global motion mesh to deal with the relative motion between water and aircraft. and simulate the forced landing process of the aircraft. By choosing the place with the largest vertical velocity relative to the water as the impact position, the extreme impact load on the fuselage is predicted. In this paper, during the impact stage of the wavy water surface, the fuselage encountered an impact peak which is unforeseen on the calm water surface, and the magnitude of the impact peak was related to the sinking speed of the aircraft relative to the water surface. This paper also compares the movement attitude and overload history of aircraft ditching under five sea conditions with different wave height, and gives the influence rules of wave height on the extreme impact load and the peak values of other parameters, which provides a reference for the design of aircraft load distribution.
Numerical Simulation of the Aerodynamic Performance of the Backswept Blade of a Propeller at High Altitudes
Authors: Chen J M , He G Y , Wang Q , Chen L S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In high-speed situations, propeller efficiency drops rapidly after the design point is surpassed, and propeller performance deteriorates sharply; thus, high-altitude, long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) cannot readily meet the design requirements of fast climbing and rapid maneuvering. The design method of the swept blade is investigated to solve this problem. The three-dimensional Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations are solved based on the periodic boundary conditions and multiple reference frame (MRF) models to simulate the aerodynamic properties of unswept and swept blades. The results show that the swept-blade propeller can provide a larger thrust than the unswept-blade propeller and that the velocity range with acceptable efficiency is extended after the design point is surpassed. The sweep design method used in this paper provides a reference for the propeller design of high-altitude, long-endurance UAVs.