bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Host population diversity as a driver of viral infection cycle in wild populations of green sulfur bacteria with long standing virus-host interactions
Authors: Berg Maureen , Goudeau Danielle , Olmsted Charles , McMahon Katherine D , Thweatt Jennifer , Bryant Donald , Eloe-Fadrosh Emiley A , Malmstrom Rex R , Roux Simon 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTViral infections of bacterial hosts range from highly lytic to lysogenic, where highly lytic viruses undergo viral replication and immediately lyse their hosts, and lysogenic viruses have a latency period before replication and host lysis. While both types of infections are routinely observed in the environment, the ecological and evolutionary processes that regulate these different viral dynamics are still not well understood. In this study, we identify and characterize the long-term dynamics of uncultivated viruses infecting green sulfur bacteria (GSB) in a model freshwater lake sampled from 2005-2018. Because of the additional requirements for the laboratory cultivation of anaerobes like GSB, viruses infecting GSB have yet to be formally identified, leaving their diversity and impact on natural populations of GSB virtually unknown. In this study, we used two approaches to identify viruses infecting GSB; onein vitrobased on flow cytometry cell sorting, the otherin silicobased on CRISPR spacer sequences. We then took advantage of existing bulk metagenomes derived from Trout Bog Lake covering the 2005-2018 period to examine the interactions between GSB hosts and their viruses across multiple years and seasons. From our data, GSB populations in Trout Bog Lake were found to be concurrently infected with at least 2-8 viruses each, many of which were lysogenic viruses; one GSB host population in particular was consistently associated with two lysogens with a nearly 100% infection rate for over 10 years. We illustrate with a theoretical infection model that such an interaction can be stable over multiple years given a low, but persistent level of lysogen induction in host populations with already high infection rates. Overall, our data suggest that single GSB populations are typically infected by multiple viruses at the same time, that lytic and lysogenic viruses can readily co-infect the same host population in the same ecosystem, and that host strain-level diversity might be an important factor controlling the lytic/lysogeny switch.
An optimum profile of a special pin fin: full solutions
Authors: Turkyilmazoglu Mustafa 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to present an elegant exact solution in terms of elementary functions for a special pin fin without the classical length-of-arc approximation.

Design/methodology/approach
The temperature distribution along the fin and the surface function, both being the functions of a shape parameter, is inversely proportional to each other. The specialty of the spine is such that its shape and temperature profile are linked for a given Biot number.

Findings
Exact formulas for the pin fin tip temperature, pin fin base heat transfer rate, surface area of the spine and thermal fin efficiency are also given.

Originality/value
Without the traditional arc length assumption, the pin fin is shown to be an effective extended surface to remove the excessive heat from the hot surface it is pinned to. Optimum pin fin dimensions leading to the maximum base heat transfer rate are also worked out for a specified fin volume.
Toward a new understanding of immigrant information behavior
Authors: Ndumu Ana 
Published: March 2020

PurposeImmigration dominates much of the current US sociopolitical discourse. The research on US-based immigrant information behavior, however, remains scant. To understand the role of information in immigration, this study explores information overload among Black immigrants in the US.Design/methodology/approachThe researcher developed a literature-derived information overload scale to investigate participants' information access along with experiences and response to information overload.FindingsResults suggest that participants experience information overload due to behavioral (e.g. the demands of needing, seeking, or using information), quantitative (i.e. volume or length), and qualitative (e.g. authority, diversity, or urgency) indicators. Most participants mitigate information overload by turning to intermediaries and filtering resources.Research limitations/implicationsThe information overload scale can advance knowledge of the role of information in immigrant acculturative stress.Social implicationsLIS researchers and practitioners can utilize findings to foster social inclusion and well-being among immigrants.Originality/valueScholarship on immigrant information behavior must reflect the centrality of information in migration and how it shapes integration and acculturation.
The role of marketing communication mix on Korean customers' coffee shop brand evaluations
Authors: Kim Soon-Ho , Lee Seonjeong Ally 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThis study investigates relationships among components of the marketing communication mix, brand identification, brand image, brand love and brand loyalty. The focus of this study is advertisement spending, customers' attitudes toward the advertisement, monetary promotion and non-monetary promotion as marketing communication mix elements.Design/methodology/approachProposed relationships are investigated with 683 previous coffee shop customers, based on a cross-section, online, self-administered survey in South Korea.FindingsResults identify advertising spending, attitude toward the advertisement, monetary promotion, and non-monetary promotion play key roles in influencing brand identification; however, they do not influence brand image. Both brand identification and brand image further influence brand love on brand loyalty.Originality/valueThis study is the first to investigate the marketing communication mix elements in a coffee shop context.
An ethnographic study on leadership-as-practice in trauma simulation training
Authors: Vuojärvi Hanna , Korva Saana 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThis study aims to discover how leadership emerges in a hospital’s trauma team in a simulated trauma care situation. Instead of investigating leadership from a leader-centric perspective, or using a metrics-based approach to reach generalizable results, the study aims to draw from post-heroic theories by applying leadership-as-practice and sociomaterial perspectives that emphasize the cultural-historical context and emergent nature of leadership.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted in a Finnish central hospital through ethnographic observations of 14in situtrauma simulation trainings over a period of 13 months. The data consist of vignettes developed and written from field notes. The analysis was informed by the cultural-historical activity theory.FindingsLeadership in a trauma team during anin situsimulation training emerges from a complex system of agencies taking place simultaneously. Contextual elements contributed to the goal. Clarity of roles and task division, strong execution of leadership at critical points, active communication and maintenance of disciplined communication helped to overcome difficulties. The team developed coordination of the process in conjunction with the care.Originality/valueThe study considers trauma leadership to be a practical phenomenon emerging from the trauma team’s sociomaterial context. The results can be used to develop non-technical skills training within the field of simulation-based medical training.
Role of artificial intelligence in operations environment: a review and bibliometric analysis
Authors: Dhamija Pavitra , Bag Surajit 
Published: March 2020

Purpose“Technological intelligence” is the capacity to appreciate and adapt technological advancements, and “artificial intelligence” is the key to achieve persuasive operational transformations in majority of contemporary organizational set-ups. Implicitly, artificial intelligence (the philosophies of machines to think, behave and perform either same or similar to humans) has knocked the doors of business organizations as an imperative activity. Artificial intelligence, as a discipline, initiated by scientist John McCarthy and formally publicized at Dartmouth Conference in 1956, now occupies a central stage for many organizations. Implementation of artificial intelligence provides competitive edge to an organization with a definite augmentation in its social and corporate status. Mere application of a concept will not furnish real output until and unless its performance is reviewed systematically. Technological changes are dynamic and advancing at a rapid rate. Subsequently, it becomes highly crucial to understand that where have the people reached with respect to artificial intelligence research. The present article aims to review significant work by eminent researchers towards artificial intelligence in the form of top contributing universities, authors, keywords, funding sources, journals and citation statistics.Design/methodology/approachAs rightly remarked by past researchers that reviewing is learning from experience, research team has reviewed (by applying systematic literature review through bibliometric analysis) the concept of artificial intelligence in this article. A sum of 1,854 articles extracted from Scopus database for the year 2018–2019 (31st of May) with selected keywords (artificial intelligence, genetic algorithms, agent-based systems, expert systems, big data analytics and operations management) along with certain filters (subject–business, management and accounting; language-English; document–article, article in press, review articles and source-journals).FindingsResults obtained from cluster analysis focus on predominant themes for present as well as future researchers in the area of artificial intelligence. Emerged clusters include Cluster 1: Artificial Intelligence and Optimization; Cluster 2: Industrial Engineering/Research and Automation; Cluster 3: Operational Performance and Machine Learning; Cluster 4: Sustainable Supply Chains and Sustainable Development; Cluster 5: Technology Adoption and Green Supply Chain Management and Cluster 6: Internet of Things and Reverse Logistics.Originality/valueThe result of review of selected studies is in itself a unique contribution and a food for thought for operations managers and policy makers.
Analysis of reservoir heterogeneity‐induced amplification effect on time‐lapse seismic responses of fluid substitution: A physical modelling study
Authors: He Yan‐Xiao , Wang Shangxu 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTSeismic wave propagation through a fluid‐saturated poroelastic layer might be strongly affected by media heterogeneities. Via incorporating controlled laboratory simulation experiments, we extend previous studies of time‐lapse seismic effects to evaluate the wave scattering influence of the heterogeneous nature of porous permeable media and the associated amplification effects on 4D seismic response characteristics of reservoir fluid substitution. A physical model consisted of stratified thin layers of shale and porous sandstone reservoir with rock heterogeneities was built based on the geological data of a real hydrocarbon‐saturated reservoir in Northeast China. Multi‐surveys data of good quality were acquired by filling poroelastic reservoir layers with gas, water and oil in sequence. Experimental observations show that reservoir heterogeneity effect causes significantly magnified abnormal responses to the fluid‐saturated media. Specifically, reflection signatures of the gas‐filled reservoir are dramatically deviated from those of the liquid fluid‐filled reservoir, compared with ones of the homogeneous media. By removing the influences unrelated to reservoir property alterations, 4D seismic estimates of travel‐time and frequency‐dependent characteristic are reasonably consistent with fluid variations. Nevertheless, strong 4D amplitude difference anomalies might not correspond to the regions where fluid variations occur. We also find that 4D seismic difference attributes are evident between oil‐ and water‐filled models, whereas significant between oil‐ and gas‐filled models. Meanwhile, rock physics modelling results reveal the predicted 4D seismic differences are obviously smaller than those calculated from seismic observations. The results in this paper, therefore, implicate that the effect of a reservoir's heterogeneous nature might be beneficial for hydrocarbons detection as well as monitoring small variations in pore fluids.
Stimulation of brain cannabinoid CB1 receptors can ameliorate hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Shimizu Takahiro , Yamamoto Masaki , Zou Suo , Shimizu Shogo , Higashi Youichirou , Saito Motoaki 
Published: March 2020

AbstractExcessive activation of the sympatho‐adrenomedullary system plays a pathogenic role in triggering and sustaining essential hypertension. We previously reported that, in normotensive rats, intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) administered neuropeptides, corticotropin‐releasing factor and bombesin induced activation of the sympatho‐adrenomedullary system, and that brain cannabinoid CB1 receptors negatively regulated this activation. In this study, we investigated the effects of brain CB1 receptor stimulation on blood pressure and the sympatho‐adrenomedullary outflow in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), commonly used animal models of essential hypertension, and in Wistar‐Kyoto (WKY) rats, normotensive controls of SHRs. In 18‐week‐old SHRs and WKY rats under urethane anaesthesia (1.0 g/kg, i.p.), SHRs exhibited significantly higher systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressures and plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline, and a lower heart rate than WKY rats. Single administration of arachidonyl 2′‐chloroethylamide (ACEA, CB1 agonist, 1.4 µmol/animal, i.c.v.) significantly but partially reduced mean and diastolic blood pressures and the plasma level of noradrenaline in SHRs compared to vehicle (N,N‐dimethylformamide)‐treated SHRs. These ACEA‐induced reductions were abolished by central pretreatment with rimonabant (CB1 antagonist, 300 nmol/animal, i.c.v.), which alone showed no significant effect on blood pressures or plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline levels of SHRs. On the other hand, ACEA had no significant effect on blood pressure or plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline levels in WKY rats. These results suggest that stimulation of brain CB1 receptors can ameliorate hypertension accompanied by enhanced sympathetic outflow without affecting blood pressure under normotensive conditions.
The impact of diabetes on the association between alcohol intake and the risk of end‐stage kidney disease in the Singapore Chinese Health Study
Authors: Geng Ting‐Ting , Jafar Tazeen Hasan , Yuan Jian‐Min , Koh Woon‐Puay 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between alcohol intake and end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) risk is controversial. Moreover, while evidence has shown that the relationship between alcohol and atherosclerosis may be modified by diabetes, whether this applies to ESKD is unknown.MethodsWe examined these associations in the Singapore Chinese Health Study, a prospective cohort of 63 257 adults aged 45 to 74 years. Information on alcohol intake, diet, lifestyle factors, and medical history was collected at recruitment. We identified 1217 ESKD cases via linkage with the Singapore Renal Registry after a mean follow‐up of 17.5 years. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CI of ESKD.ResultsAmong the participants without diabetes at baseline, monthly to weekly drinking was associated with a decreased risk of ESKD (HR 0.69; 95% CI, 0.54‐0.87) compared to nondrinkers. In contrast, this association was attenuated and not significant among those with diabetes (HR 0.82; 95% CI, 0.58‐1.16; Pinteraction = .19). Comparatively, alcohol intake of ≥2 drinks per day was significantly associated with an increased risk of ESKD compared to nondrinkers among those with diabetes (HR 2.00; 95% CI, 1.14‐3.53) but not among those without diabetes (HR 0.91; 95% CI, 0.53‐1.56; Pinteraction = .01). The risk of ESKD among those with diabetes and who also consumed ≥2 drinks per day was increased by nearly 12‐fold compared to nondrinkers without diabetes (HR 11.6; 95% CI, 6.73‐19.9).ConclusionLow‐dose drinking is associated with a reduced risk of ESKD among individuals without diabetes. However, joint exposure to heavy drinking and diabetes is associated with a substantially higher risk of ESKD.
Differential correlation of serum BDNF and microRNA content in rats with rapid or late onset of heavy alcohol use
Authors: Ehinger Yann , Phamluong Khanhky , Darevesky David , Welman Melanie , Moffat Jeffrey J. , Sakhai Samuel A. , Whiteley Ellanor L. , Berger Anthony L. , Laguesse Sophie , Farokhnia Mehdi , Leggio Lorenzo , Lordkipanidzé Marie , Ron Dorit 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHeavy alcohol use reduces the levels of the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the prefrontal cortex of rodents through the upregulation of microRNAs (miRs) targeting BDNF mRNA. In humans, an inverse correlation exists between circulating blood levels of BDNF and the severity of psychiatric disorders including alcohol abuse. Here, we set out to determine whether a history of heavy alcohol use produces comparable alterations in the blood of rats. We used an intermittent access to 20% alcohol using the two‐bottle choice paradigm (IA20%2BC) and measured circulating levels of BDNF protein and miRs targeting BDNF in the serum of Long‐Evans rats before and after 8 weeks of excessive alcohol intake. We observed that the drinking profile of heavy alcohol users is not unified, whereas 70% of the rats gradually escalate their alcohol intake (late onset), and 30% of alcohol users exhibit a very rapid onset of drinking (rapid onset). We found that serum BDNF levels are negatively correlated with alcohol intake in both rapid onset and late onset rats. In contrast, increased expression of the miRs targeting BDNF, miR30a‐5p, miR‐195‐5p, miR191‐5p and miR206‐3p, was detected only in the rapid onset rats. Finally, we report that the alcohol‐dependent molecular changes are not due to alterations in platelet number. Together, these data suggest that rats exhibit both late and rapid onset of alcohol intake. We further show that heavy alcohol use produces comparable changes in BDNF protein levels in both groups. However, circulating microRNAs are responsive to alcohol only in the rapid onset rats.
Geo‐mapping of young people in residential aged care
Authors: Zail Joshua , Eastwood Kathryn , Bugeja Lyndal , Bassed Richard , Ibrahim Joseph E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveReducing the need for permanent accommodation in nursing homes (residential aged care services) for young people is a major challenge in Australia and internationally. This study investigated the use of innovative geo‐mapping strategies to describe the geographical distribution of young people living in residential aged care services (RACS).MethodsGeographic Information System software was used to generate 13 choropleth maps using data from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Geographically specific characteristic descriptions of young people living in RACS were completed according to prevalence, remoteness, age (0‐49 years and 50‐64 years), sex, medical conditions and care requirements.ResultsThese geospatial visualisations showed that regional areas were over‐represented for young people living in RACS and that the distribution has changed over the past decade. Many areas experienced increases in numbers, particularly in south‐eastern regional Australia.ConclusionGeo‐mapping provides useful information for the development of targeted programs and services.
Value of ultrasonography and the Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Appendicitis score in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis
Authors: Karapolat Banu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe diagnosis of acute appendicitis is a clinical challenge. Clinical scoring systems and radiological examinations are used to assist in diagnosis.MethodsWe reviewed 106 patients between January 2016 and January 2018 who presented with right iliac fossa pain and underwent appendectomy. Their Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Appendicitis (RIPASA) scores were calculated and abdominopelvic ultrasonography (USG) was performed before they were operated with a prediagnosis of acute appendicitis. RIPASA scores and USG findings were compared to the histopathological results of appendectomy specimens.ResultsThe histopathological examinations showed that all of the 100 (94.3%) patients whose RIPASA scores were 7 and more had acute appendicitis and the six (5.7%) patients whose scores were less than 7 had no appendicitis. When the appendectomy specimens of the 70 patients who had been diagnosed with acute appendicitis with USG were examined histopathologically, 69 (98.6%) patients were confirmed to have acute appendicitis. Acute appendicitis was found in 18 (81.8%) of the 22 patients whose appendixes could not be visualized with USG. Acute appendicitis was found in eight (88.9%) of the nine patients who had been reported normal with USG.ConclusionRIPASA scores should be calculated for all patients who are suspected of having acute appendicitis and for those with a RIPASA score of 7 and more, surgery should be highly recommended without USG.
Testing tumors from different anatomic sites for clonal relatedness using somatic mutation data
Authors: Ostrovnaya Irina , Mauguen Audrey , Seshan Venkatraman E. , Begg Colin B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA common task for the cancer pathologist is to determine, in a patient suffering from cancer, whether a new tumor in a distinct anatomic site from the primary is an independent occurrence of cancer or a metastasis. As mutational profiling of tumors becomes more widespread in routine clinical practice, this diagnostic task can be greatly enhanced by comparing mutational profiles of the tumors to determine if they are sufficiently similar to conclude that the tumors are clonally related, that is, one is a metastasis of the other. We present here a likelihood ratio test for clonal relatedness in this setting and provide evidence of its validity. The test is unusual in that there are two possible alternative hypotheses, representing the two anatomic sites from which the single clonal cell could have initially emerged. Although evidence for clonal relatedness is largely provided by the presence of exact mutational matches in the two tumors, we show that it is possible to observe data where the test is statistically significant even when no matches are observed. This can occur when the mutational profile of one of the tumors is closely aligned with the anatomic site of the other tumor, suggesting indirectly that the tumor originated in that other site. We exhibit examples of this phenomenon and recommend a strategy for interpreting the results of these tests in practice.