bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La capacidad predictiva en el rendimiento escolar del capital económico y cultural de las familias del estudiantado en España y Marruecos
Authors: Lozano Pérez Miguel Ángel , Trinidad Requena Antonio 
Published: December 2020

Las principales evaluaciones internacionales en el campo de la educación ponen de manifiesto que el origen familiar influye en el rendimiento escolar y que el nivel de relación de estas variables varía según el país. Por lo que surge la siguiente cuestión: ¿Cómo opera la desigualdad de oportunidades educativas según el origen familiar?. Para responder a esta pregunta hemos analizado dos sociedades que componen una de las fronteras más desiguales del mundo: España y Marruecos. Nuestro planteamiento es que el capital económico y el cultural poseen un efecto acumulativo en la desigualdad de oportunidades educativas. Sin embargo, el mayor desarrollo socioeconómico conlleva que el capital cultural sea mejor predictor en España que en Marruecos, mientras el origen económico de la familia tiene mayor peso en el país magrebí. Para testar esta hipótesis hemos analizado los datos de PIRLS 2016. Los resultados han sido acordes con la hipótesis, pero con mayor margen en el caso marroquí que en el español.
O exercício da escrita e da escuta como instrumentos de aprimoramento da prática clínica
Authors: Andrade Daniele Santos , Pedreira Liz Torres , Milheiro Vitoria da Silva Costa Machado , Matos Yasmin Vidal 
Published: December 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: O exercício da escrita e da escuta contribuem para a prática médica de forma ímpar. O recebimento da história do paciente se dá por uma escuta atenta que, para isso, precisa ser treinada. Assim, a escrita é a ferramenta primordial nesse processo. A medicina hoje assume um carácter cada vez mais tecnicista. DISCUSSÃO: A aproximação da Medicina e das ciências humanas, que para alguns, parece ser inconciliável, ganha espaço na Medicina Narrativa de Rita Charon, através deste exercício cíclico e inesgotável de escrever e escutar. Os livros são capazes de nos fornecer recursos interpretativos e proporcionar um posicionamento mais atento e perspicaz aos comportamentos do paciente de falar ou até mesmo ao se manter em silêncio. Assim que se apreende o que foi escutado, a escrita vem como diálogo consigo mesmo para entender com maior profundidade o que acabamos de experienciar. Entrando nesse complexo enredo do paciente, através da imaginação, abre-se o caminho para desenvolver empatia com o emissor e abre espaço para reflexão do médico em relação ao que ele vivencia. É essencial possuir um arsenal teórico e literário para se conectar com as vivências e o lugar social do paciente. CONCLUSÃO: A medicina não é em si ciência, por isso pressupõe a interpretação, a qual surge também da boa escuta e escrita. Desta forma, essas capacidades promovem uma relação médico(a)-paciente mais horizontal e menos paternalista dando o protagonismo ao paciente sobre si mesmo e sua dor.
REPENSANDO A IMAGINAÇÃO CRIMINOLÓGICA E OS MECANISMOS DE LUZ E SOMBRA DOS ESTADOS SOBERANOS NA MODERNIDADE
Authors: Oxley da Rocha Álvaro Filipe , Cunha Tiago Lorenzini 
Published: December 2020

Durante os últimos dois séculos, os Estados-nação foram capazes de reunir diversos mecanismos técnico-científicos de luz e sombra a fim de reproduzir o antigo (e ainda contemporâneo) modelo humanístico e iluminista de proteção da ordem social, por meio do Leviatã hobbesiano. Além disso, criaram – ao mesmo tempo que reforçam – uma determinada imaginação criminológica de guerra, invisível tanto à intelectualidade acadêmica (juristas, criminólogos, etc.) quanto à hegemonia histórica, voltada para a ideologia dos vencedores. Por esse motivo, este estudo repensa essa imaginação de guerra e de morte utilizada pelos Estados soberanos em face do projeto moderno, no sentido de trazer à tona a problemática que envolve os crimes praticados pelas agências de controle oficial, isto é, os Estados-nação e os Mercados Globais. Paralelamente, também se objetiva contestar a passividade da Criminologia contemporânea, de forma a colocá-la em tensão com sua própria disciplina, questionando, assim, seu logos; os crimes que deixou de estudar; os limites dessa disciplina; entre outras responsabilizações políticas e práticas. Palavras-chave: Estados-nação; Luz e sombra; Criminologia; Leviatã. AbstractDuring the past two centuries, nation-states were able to bring together various technical-scientific mechanisms of light and shadow in order to reproduce the old (and still contemporary) humanistic and illuminist model of protection of the social order through the Hobbesian Leviathan. In addition, they created – at the same time reinforce – a certain criminological imagination of war, invisible both to the academic intelligentsia (jurists, criminologists, etc.) and to historical hegemony, focused on the ideology of the victors. For this reason, this work seeks to rethink the imagination of war and death used by sovereign states in relation to the modern project, in order to shed light on the worst crimes committed by the official control agencies, that is, the genocides that were omitted by both the nation-states and the Global Markets. At the same time, we also want to challenge the passivity of contemporary criminology, so as to place it against the wall of its own discipline, questioning its logos, the crimes it purposely left to study, and the limits of that discipline, among other political and practical responsibilities. Keywords: Nation-states; Light and shadow; Criminology; Leviathan.
Choosing a method to perform an esophageal-intestinal anastomosis after complete removal of the stomach
Authors: Ivanov Yu. V. , Danilina E. S. , Istomin N. P. , Velichko E. A. , Mamoshin A. V. , Agibalov D. Yu. 
Published: December 2020

The paper reviews various methods of performing esophageal-intestinal anastomoses with complete removal of the stomach (gastrectomy). The main methods of manual and stapler stitching of the esophagus with the jejunum are described. Special attention is paid to detailing of techniques for the most commonly performed esophageal-intestinal anastomoses, with a comparative assessment of the reliability of manual and stapler anastomoses. Given the large number of proposed methods to perform esophageal-intestinal anastomoses, it can be stated that no universal anastomosis yet exists. In laparotomy, a stapler suture is most commonly used to perform an esophageal-intestinal anastomosis with circular crosslinking devices, while the manual version implies one of the invagination techniques, or muff-like anastomosis (the Tsatsanidi K.N., Bondar G.V., Davydov M.I. procedure). With laparoscopic access, the anastomosis is performed with linear endoscopic crosslinking devices. The choice of a technique to perform an esophageal-intestinal joint remains with the operating surgeon and depends on his/hers experience, skills, individual intraoperative situation, and equipment of the operating unit.
La buena fe en la concurrencia sobre bienes inmuebles
Authors: Fernández Cruz Gastón 
Published: December 2020

El presente trabajo representa una apretada síntesis de la tesis titulada "El Papel de la buena fe en la transferencia de la Propiedad Inmueble". con la que el autor optó el grado de bachiller eb Derecho en la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú en diciembre de 1984. Su pretensión no es otra que dejar claramente establecido el rol que representa la buena fe dentro de un sistema consensual de transferencia de la propiedad. cuando el derecho se enfrenta a una situación de excepción ante sucesivas transferencias.realizadas por un mismo sujeto.
Challenges that contribute to low participation of women in educational leadership at government primary schools, Ethiopia
Authors: Dagnew Asrat , Yirdaw Abebe , Asrat Selamawit 
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the challenges affecting women’s participation in educational leadership. The participants were 106 teachers and 24 school leaders. The respondents were selected using stratified random sampling, purposive sampling and comprehensive sampling methods. The findings from the study revealed that the perception of school leaders and teachers was high towards women leaders’ ability, skill and leadership competence. Despite their ability and competence, women are still largely underrepresented in the leadership of primary schools. There were several challenges at the self-image, organisational and societal levels preventing qualified women from ascending to junior positions in primary schools. At the self-image level, challenges such as women still acknowledging the world as masculine, women’s fear of balancing professional work and family responsibility, fear of success in achievement, lack of mentor and role models, reluctance of women to hold position of power, lack of awareness and knowledge of organisational culture were found to be deterring women from taking up leadership positions. In addition, cultural challenges such as cultural and religious sentiment with regard to women inferior to men, male prejudice reflecting stereotype women as less acceptant than men in society, misconception of the society about women’s roles, girls and boys being socialised by different roles and expectation in the society were seen as major hindrances of women’s participation in educational leadership in the study area.

Keywords: Educational leadership, challenges, contribute, participation, primary school.
A new approach to the anthropocentric design of human–robot collaborative environments
Authors: Di Marino Castrese , Rega Andrea , Vitolo Ferdinando , Patalano Stanislao , Lanzotti Antonio 
Published: December 2020

<p class="Abstract">This paper deals with collaborative robotics by highlighting the main issues linked to the interaction between humans and robots. A critical study of the standards in force on human–robot interaction and the current principles on workplace design for human–robot collaboration (HRC) are presented. The paper focuses on an anthropocentric paradigm in which the human becomes the core of the workplace in combination with the robot, and it presents a basis for designing workplaces through two key concepts: (i) the introduction of human and robot spaces as elementary spaces and (ii) the dynamic variations of the elementary spaces in shape, size and position. According to this paradigm, the limitations of a safety-based approach, introduced by the standards, are overcome by positioning the human and the robot inside the workplace and managing their interaction through the elementary spaces. The introduced concepts, in combination with the safety prescriptions, have been organised by means of a multi-level graph for driving the HRC design phase. The collaborative workplace is separated into sublevels. The main elements of a collaborative workplace are identified and their relationships presented by means of digraphs. </p>
Output Characteristics of Graphene Field Effect Transistors
Authors: Mishchenka V. N. 
Published: December 2020

The use of graphene, which has high mobility of charge carriers, high thermal conductivity and a number of other positive properties, is promising for the creation of new semiconductor devices with good output characteristics. The aim was to simulate the output characteristics of field effect transistors containing graphene using the Monte-Carlo method and the Poisson equation.Two semiconductor structures in which a single layer (or monolayer) of graphene is placed on a substrate formed from 6H-SiC silicon carbide material are considered. The peculiarity of the first of them is that the contact areas of drain and source were completely located on the graphene layer, the length of which along the longitudinal coordinate was equal to the length of the substrate. The second structure differed in that the length of the graphene layer was shortened and the drain and source areas were partly located on the graphene layer and partly on the substrate.The main output characteristics of field-effect transistors based on the two semiconductor structures considered were obtained by modeling. The modeling was performed using the statistical Monte Carlo method. To perform the simulation, a computational algorithm was developed and a program of numerical simulation using the Monte-Carlo method in three-dimensional space using the Poisson equation was compiled and debugged.The results of the studies show that the development of field-effect transistors using graphene layers can improve the output characteristics – to increase the output current and transconductance, as well as the limit frequency of semiconductor structures in high frequency ranges.
Capabilities for Probing of Upper Atmosphere Density Variations and Seismic-Orbital Effects Using Small-Size Spacecraft
Authors: Tertyshnikov A. V. 
Published: December 2020

The miniature spacecraft have a high ballistic coefficient, which is advantageous for the resolution of sensing the density of the upper atmosphere. The purpose of this work is to show new features of the "falling spheres method" based on the miniaturization of the Spacecraft. The "falling spheres method" is used to probe variations in the density of the upper atmosphere.A technical solution for diagnostics of orbital sections with abnormal changes in the speed and acceleration of spacecraft equipped with onboard navigation receivers and micro-accelerometers is considered.The technical result of the proposed development is the efficiency and cost – effectiveness of sounding variations in the density of the upper atmosphere, seismic-orbital effects-variations in the density of the atmosphere over earthquake-regions and the seismic hazard.
Is age and not antiretroviral therapy the strongest risk factor for chronic pain in HIV-infected population?
Authors: Kowalski Marcin , Horban Andrzej , Rongies Witold , Slomka Bartosz , Shahnazaryan Karen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background. Chronic pain in HIV-infected patients on effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) limits patients’ normal functioning both somatically and psychologically. The current state of knowledge on the topic is insufficient, with the underlying causes of this pain unexplained. Therefore we analyzed the frequency and factors associated with chronic pain in HIV-infected patients on ART.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of chronic pain in the HIV-infected population remaining under continuous specialist care, as well as the underlying causative factors of such pain.Methods. We conducted a prospective, survey study, including consecutive HIV-infected patients under specialist care at the HIV Outpatient Clinic of the Hospital for Infectious Disease in Warsaw between February 2014 and December 2016. During their routine visit all patients who agreed to participate in the study were surveyed using a study questionnaire. For all patients reporting any pain the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) form and Douleur Neuropathique 4 Questions form (DN4) were completed. Data on history and current ART and laboratory measurements were obtained from electronical database. Chi-squared and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for group comparison. The potential factors associated with chronic pain were identified via logistic regression models.Results. In total 196 HIV-infected patients were included in the study, 57 (29,1%) of them reported chronic pain. The reported pain was mostly (75%) limited to a single area of the body. In univariable logistic regression model the odds of chronic pain were significantly higher with increasing age (OR 1.36 [95%CI:1.17-1.58]), time under specialist care (OR 2.25 [95%CI:1.42-35.7]), time on ART (OR2.96 [95%CI:1.60-5.49]), previous ART with zidovudine (OR 2.00[95%CI:1.06-1.55]) and previous treatment with ddI, ddC or d4T (OR4.13 [95%CI:1.92-8.91]). Homosexual route of HIV infection as compared to injecting drug use was decreasing the odds of chronic pain (OR0.33 [95%CI: 014-0.75]). In multivariable analyses, adjusting for all above the only factor associated with chronic pain was age (OR1.28 [95%CI:1.06-1.55]).Conclusions. The prevalence of chronic pain in the studied population of HIV-infected Polish patients was high. The only risk factor for chronic pain identified was age. With ageing HIV population it is therefore imperative to develop cooperation protocols for specialist HIV treatment clinics, pain treatment clinics, and rehabilitation units.
Significant decline of HPV 6 infection and genital warts despite low HPV vaccination coverage in young women in Germany: a long-term prospective, cohort data analysis
Authors: Denecke Agnieszka , Iftner Thomas , Iftner Angelika , Riedle Sebastian , Ocak Marion , Luyten Alexander , Üye Isak , Tunc Kübra , Petry Karl Ulrich 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The introduction of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination has resulted in a remarkable decline of genital warts in women and men, but in Germany historical rates of vaccination are relatively low. We report long-term surveillance data on changes in HPV 6 and HPV 11 infection and the prevalence of genital warts in young women in the Wolfsburg HPV epidemiological study (WOLVES).Methods: Women born in 1983/84, 1988/89, and 1993/94 participated in four cohorts between 2009/10 and 2014/15. Quadrivalent vaccination coverage and prevalence of HPV 6/11 infection and genital warts are reported for participants aged 19−22 years and 24−27 years at the time of sample collection. Statistical analyses were done to compare similarly aged participants using 2 x 2 contingency tables (Röhmel-Mansmann unconditional exact test; two-side alpha of 0.05).Results: A total of 2,456 women were recruited. Between 2010 and 2015, there was a statistically significant decrease in the prevalence of HPV 6 infection among women aged 24−27 years (2.1% versus 0.0%; P<0.0001) and women aged 19−22 years (2.0% versus 0.0%; P=0.0056). There was no significant decline in HPV 11 infection. In total, 52 of 2,341 participants were diagnosed with genital warts. There was a statistically significant drop in the risk of developing genital warts in women aged 24−27 years between 2010 and 2015 (4.7% versus 1.7%, respectively; P=0.0018). The overall risk of developing genital warts in women aged 19−27 years decreased from 3.1% in 2010 to 1.2% in 2015 (P=0.0022).Conclusions: An increase in vaccination coverage was associated with a decreased prevalence of genital warts in young women. A protective effect greater than herd immunity alone was seen despite low vaccination rates. Quadrivalent vaccine had a protective effect on genital HPV 6 infection and an almost fully protective effect on the development of genital warts in the youngest population.
Falls efficacy instruments for community-dwelling older adults: A COSMIN-based systematic review
Authors: Soh Shawn Leng-Hsien , Lane Judith , Xu Tim Tianma , Gleeson Nigel , Tan Chee-Wee 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Falls efficacy is a widely-studied latent construct in community-dwelling older adults. Various self-reported instruments have been used to measure falls efficacy. In order to be informed of the choice of the best measurement instrument for a specific purpose, empirical evidence of the development and measurement properties of falls efficacy related instruments is needed.Methods: The Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Intruments (COSMIN) checklist was used to summarise evidence on the development, content validity, and structural validity of instruments measuring falls efficacy in community-dwelling older adults. Databases including MEDLINE, Web of Science, PsychINFO, SCOPUS, CINAHL were searched (May 2019). Records on the development of instruments and studies assessing content validity or structural validity of falls efficacy related scales were included. COSMIN methodology was used to guide the review of eligible studies and in the assessment of their methodological quality. Evidence of content validity: relevance, comprehensiveness and comprehensibility and unidimensionality for structural validity were synthesised. A modified GRADE approach was applied to evidence synthesis.Results: 35 studies, of which 18 instruments had been identified, were included in the review. High-quality evidence showed that the Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (FES)-13 items (MFES-13) has sufficient relevance, yet insufficient comprehensiveness for measuring falls efficacy. Moderate quality evidence supporting the FES-10 has sufficient relevance, and MFES-14 has sufficient comprehensibility. Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale–Simplified (ABC-15) has sufficient relevance in measuring balance confidence supported by moderate-quality evidence. Low to very low-quality evidence underpinned the content validity of other instruments. High-quality evidence supported sufficient unidimensionality for eight instruments (FES-10, MFES-14, ABC-6, ABC-15, ABC-16, Iconographical FES (Icon-FES), FES–International (FES-I) and Perceived Ability to Prevent and Manage Fall Risks (PAPMFR)). Conclusion: Content validity of instruments to measure falls efficacy is understudied. Structural validity is sufficient for a number of widely-used instruments. Measuring balance confidence is a subset of falls efficacy. Further work is needed to investigate a broader construct for falls efficacy.
Data-Science Driven Autonomous Process Optimization
Authors: Christensen Melodie , Yunker Lars , Adedeji Folarin , Häse Florian , Roch Loïc , Gensch Tobias , Gomes Gabriel dos Passos , Zepel Tara , Sigman Matthew , Aspuru-Guzik Alán , Hein Jason 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Autonomous process optimization involves the human intervention-free exploration of a range of pre-defined process parameters in order to improve responses such as reaction yield and product selectivity. Utilizing off-the-shelf components, we developed a closed-loop system capable of carrying out parallel autonomous process optimization experiments in batch with significantly reduced cycle times. Upon implementation of our system in the autonomous optimization of a palladium-catalyzed stereoselective Suzuki-Miyaura coupling, we found that the definition of a set of meaningful, broad, and unbiased process parameters was the most critical aspect of a successful optimization. In addition, we found that categorical parameters such as phosphine ligand were vital to determining the reaction outcome. To date, categorical parameter selection has relied on chemical intuition, potentially introducing an element of bias into the experimental design. In seeking a systematic method for the selection of a diverse set of phosphine ligands fully representative of the chemical space, we developed a strategy that leveraged computed molecular descriptor clustering analysis. This strategy allowed for the successful autonomous optimization of a stereoselective Suzuki-Miyaura coupling between a vinyl sulfonate and an arylboronic acid to selectively generate the E-product isomer in high yield.