bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of micro blasting process parameters on 3D surface topography and surface properties of zirconia (Y‐TZP) ceramics
Authors: Yetik Okan , Yavuzyegit Berzah , Yıldıran Avcu Yasemin , Koçoğlu Hürol , Pekkan Gürel , Sarıdağ Serkan , Guney Mert , Avcu Egemen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe present study aims to examine the effects of operational parameters on the surface topography and wear mechanisms of monolithic and conventional yttria‐stabilized zirconia (Y‐TZP) ceramics in the micro blasting process, performed under various acceleration pressures (1.5–3 bar), particle impact angles (30°–90°), and erodent particle sizes (50–460 μm). Three‐dimensional (3D) surface topography, surface roughness, and surface morphology of micro‐blasted specimens were analyzed by using non‐contact optical profilometry and SEM‐EDS. The micro blasting characteristics of both Y‐TZP were similar that increased blasting pressure and erodent particle size increased surface roughness. Erosion rate increased with increasing blasting pressure, whereas it decreased with increasing erodent particle size. Particle size was the most effective parameter on changing surface topography, while the particle impact angle had no distinct effect on the erosion rate, surface roughness, and surface topography of Y‐TZP ceramics. SEM‐EDS analyses showed that the primary wear mechanism during micro blasting was micro‐cutting with a substantial amount of embedded particles on the material's surface.
Synthesis and Characterization of Tris(oxazolinyl)borato Copper(II) and Copper(I) Complexes
Authors: Eedugurala Naresh , Wang Zhuoran , Kanbur Uddhav , Ellern Arkady , Pruski Marek , Sadow Aaron D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe reaction of ToMTl (ToM=tris(4,4‐dimethyl‐2‐oxazolinyl)phenylborate) and CuBr2 in benzene at 60 °C provides ToMCuBr (1) as an entry‐point into tris(oxazolinyl)phenylborato copper chemistry. ToMCuOtBu (2) and ToMCuOAc (3) are prepared by the reactions of ToMCuBr with KOtBu and NaOAc, respectively. ToMCuOtBu is transformed into (ToMCuOH)2 (4) through hydrolysis. NMR, FT‐IR, and EPR spectroscopies are used to determine the electronic and structural properties of these copper(II) compounds, and the solid‐state structures were characterized by X‐ray crystallography. Reduction of copper is observed upon treatment of ToMCuOtBu with phenylsilane in an attempt to synthesize monomeric copper(II) hydride. ToMCu (5) and ToM2Cu (6) were independently synthesized and characterized for comparison.
Barriers to mother‐adolescent communication about sex, maternal monitoring and sexual behaviour among adolescents in Mexico
Authors: Espinosa‐Hernández Graciela , Halgunseth Linda C. , Pond Richard S. , Daugherty Julia C. , Dark‐Freudeman Alissa R. 
Published: December 2020

Mexican mothers have an important role in adolescent sexuality; however, they report multiple barriers to parent–child sex communication, which may impact adolescent sexual behaviour. This cross‐sectional study examines whether adolescent perceptions of maternal barriers to communication are associated with adolescent sexual behaviour frequency indirectly through its association with maternal monitoring, and whether these associations differ by age and gender. Mexican adolescents (N = 1433), ages 12–19 (53% girls), completed a survey on normative sexual behaviours, adolescent perceptions of maternal barriers to sex communication, and maternal monitoring. Structural equation modelling analyses revealed that more barriers to communication (adolescent perceptions) were associated with more sexual behaviour frequency (i.e., oral and vaginal sex) among Mexican adolescents indirectly through its association with maternal monitoring. Findings were stronger for adolescents in 8th grades, but no differences were found by gender. This model expands our understanding of the parenting factors that impact Mexican adolescent sexuality.
Ursolic acid ameliorates hypobaric hypoxia‐induced skeletal muscle protein loss via upregulating Akt pathway: An experimental study using rat model
Authors: Rathor Richa , Agrawal Akanksha , Kumar Ravi , Suryakumar Geetha , Singh Som Nath 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHypobaric hypoxic stress leads to oxidative stress, inflammation, and disturbance in protein turnover rate. Aggregately, this imbalance in redox homeostasis is responsible for skeletal muscle protein loss and a decline in physical performance. Hence, an urgent medical need is required to ameliorate skeletal muscle protein loss. The present study investigated the efficacy of ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpene acid to ameliorate hypobaric hypoxia (HH)‐induced muscle protein loss. UA is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpene acid present in several edible herbs and fruits such as apples. It contains skeletal muscle hypertrophy activity; still its potential against HH‐induced muscle protein loss is unexplored. To address this issue, an in vivo study was planned to examine the beneficial effect of UA supplementation on HH‐induced skeletal muscle loss. Male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to HH with and without UA supplementation (20 mg/kg; oral) for 3 continuous days. The results described the beneficial role of UA as supplementation of UA with HH exposure attenuated reactive oxygen species production and oxidative protein damage, which indicate the potent antioxidant activity. Furthermore, UA supplementation enhanced Akt, pAkt, and p70S6kinase activity (Akt pathway) and lowered the pro‐inflammatory cytokines in HH exposed rats. UA has potent antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activity, and it enhanced the protein content via upregulation of Akt pathway‐related proteins against HH exposure. These three biological activities of UA make it a novel candidate for amelioration of HH‐induced skeletal muscle damage and protein loss.
LncRNA UCA1 remits LPS‐engendered inflammatory damage through deactivation of miR‐499b‐5p/TLR4 axis
Authors: Zhao Yan‐jun , Chen Yue‐e , Zhang Hong‐jun , Gu Xing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNeonatal pneumonia is a high neonatal mortality disease. The current research was designed to elucidate the modulatory function and feasible molecular mechanism of UCA1 in LPS‐induced injury in pneumonia. Herein, LPS was applied to induce WI‐38 cell inflammatory damage. We displayed that UCA1 was elevated in LPS‐injured WI‐38 cells. In the functional aspect, intervention of UCA1 evidently aggrandized cell viability in LPS‐triggered WI‐38 cells. In the meanwhile, elimination of UCA1 distinctly assuaged cell apoptosis concomitant with declined levels of proapoptotic proteins Bax and C‐caspase‐3, and ascended the expression of antiapoptotic protein Bcl‐2. Subsequently, disruption of UCA1 manifestly restrained inflammatory damage as characterized by declination of multiple pro‐inflammatory factors IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α in WI‐38 cells under LPS circumstance. More importantly, we predicted and verified that UCA1 functioned as a ceRNA by efficaciously binding to miR‐499b‐5p thereby inversely adjusting miR‐499b‐5p expression. Interesting, TLR4 was identified as direct target of miR‐499b‐5p, and positively regulated by UCA1 through sponging miR‐499b‐5p. Mechanistically, absence of miR‐499b‐5p or restoration of TLR4 impeded the beneficial effects of UCA1 ablation on LPS‐stimulated apoptosis and inflammatory response. Collectively, these observations illuminated that UCA1 inhibition protected WI‐38 cells against LPS‐managed inflammatory injury and apoptosis process via miR‐499b‐5p/TLR4 crosstalk, which ultimately influencing the development of pneumonia.
Preparation and characterization of 58S bioactive glass based scaffold with Kaempferol‐containing Zein coating for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Ranjbar Faezeh Esmaeili , Foroutan Farzad , Hajian Mahdieh , Ai Jafar , Farsinejad Alireza , Ebrahimi‐Barough Somaye , Dehghan Mohammad Mehdi , Azami Mahmoud 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to prepare a porous scaffold out of 58S bioactive glass as the bare and coated with Zein to improve mechanical properties and acting as a carrier for Kaempferol controlled delivery. Porosity and morphology, mechanical properties, drug release behavior, bioactivity, cell attachment, and biodegradation of the scaffolds were evaluated accordingly. Obtained results indicated that the scaffolds coated by (7wt/v %) Zein solution, showed the highest mechanical strength (3.06 ± 0.4 MPa) and desirable porous morphology. These scaffolds could support bioactivity, cell attachment, and provide sustained drug release in the safe range of Kaempferol concentration confirmed via 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide analysis. Overall, this study showed that the Zein‐coated scaffold possesses superior properties rather than bare scaffold, and the scaffolds coated with 7wt/v % Zein solution could be considered as appropriate scaffolds for bone regeneration.
Anatomical changes in postembryonic development of Pycnogonum litorale
Authors: Alexeeva Nina , Tamberg Yuta 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSea spiders (Pycnogonida) are a small group of arthropods, sister to other chelicerates. They have an unusual adult bauplan, oligosegmented larvae, and a protracted postembryonic development. Pycnogonum litorale (Strøm, 1762) is an uncommonly long‐lived sea spider with a distinctive protonymphon and adult anatomy. Although it was described ~250 years ago, little is known about its internal organization and development. We examined the anamorphic and early epimorphic development of this species using histology, light microscopy, and SEM, and provide the first comprehensive anatomical study of its many instars. Postembryonic development of P. litorale includes transformations typical of pycnogonids: reorganization of the larval organs (digestive, nervous, secretory), formation of the abdomen, trunk segments (+ appendages), primary body cavity and reproductive system. Specific traits include the accelerated articulation of the walking legs, formation of the subesophageal and posterior synganglia, and the system of twin midgut diverticula. In addition, P. litorale simultaneously lose the spinning apparatus and all larval appendages. We found that developmental changes occur in synchrony with changes in ecology and food sources. The transition from the anamorphic to the epimorphic period in particular is marked by considerable anatomical and lifestyle shifts.HighlightsPostembryonic development of P. litorale includes numerous anamorphic and epimorphic stages. The instars acquire abdomen, trunk segments, body cavity, and gonads, while losing all larval appendages. Developmental changes are synchronized with changes in lifestyle and food sources.
Dynamic tracking of variant frequencies depicts the evolution of mutation sites amongst SARS‐CoV‐2 genomes from India
Authors: Hudson B. Shenu , Kolte Vaishnavi , Khan Azra , Sharma Gaurav 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWith the exponential spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic across the world within the 12 months, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) strains are continuously trying to adapt themselves to the host environment by random mutations. When doing so, some variants with evolutionary advantages such as better human to human transmissibility potential might get naturally selected. This short communication demonstrates how the mutation frequency patterns are evolving in 2457 SAR‐CoV‐2 strains isolated from COVID‐19 patients across diverse Indian states. We have identified 19 such variants showing contrasting mutational probabilities in the span of 7 months. Out of these, 14 variants are showing increasing mutational probabilities suggesting their propagation with time due to their unexplored evolutionary advantages. However, the mutational probabilities of five variants have significantly decreased in June onward as compared to March/April, suggesting their termination with time. Further in‐depth investigation of these identified variants will provide valuable knowledge about the evolution, infection strategies, transmission rates, and epidemiology of SARS‐CoV‐2.
Dynamic relationship between meteorological conditions and air pollutants based on a mixed Copula model
Authors: He Simin , Li Zhiyao , Wang Wenjie , Yu Mingxing , Liu Liangpo , Alam Md Nur , Gao Qian , Wang Tong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMany methods have been developed to verify the correlation between meteorological conditions and air pollutants; however, all have limitations that lead to biased or incomplete conclusions. Hence, improved methods are urgently required to describe this correlation comprehensively and accurately. In this study, we demonstrated the ability of the Copula function to apply time‐varying correlations between meteorological factors and atmospheric pollutants. A mixed Copula model was constructed using meteorological monitoring data for Beijing and Guangzhou from 2014 to 2019 to dynamically analyse the correlation characteristics and tail dependence between these factors. We then performed a correlation analysis for the data from the average, lower, and upper tails to obtain a more accurate and comprehensive correlation description. Dynamic analysis results demonstrated significant seasonal fluctuations between meteorological conditions and pollutants relationships. Moreover, the correlation coefficient variations differ according to their average and tail values. High humidity is more likely to be accompanied by increased NO2 compared with average summer humidity. Our proposed model represents a novel application of the Copula function for determining the factors influencing air pollution. This model emphasizes the tail dependence between meteorological conditions and air pollutant concentrations and can be used to guide more targeted prevention and control strategies.
The interplay of KRAS mutational status with tumor laterality in non‐metastatic colorectal cancer: An international, multi‐institutional study in patients with known KRAS, BRAF, and MSI status
Authors: Kamphues Carsten , Kadowaki Shigenori , Amini Neda , van den Berg Inge , Wang Jaeyun , Andreatos Nikolaos , Sakamoto Yuki , Ogura Toshiro , Kakuta Miho , Pikouli Anastasia , Geka Despoina , Daitoku Nobuya , Theochari Maria , Buettner Stefan , Akiyama Takahiko , Antoniou Efstathios , Pikoulis Emmanouil , Theodoropoulos George , Imai Katsunori , Ijzermans Jan N. M. , Margonis Georgios A. , Akagi Kiwamu , Kreis Martin E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the prognostic relevance of KRAS status in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) depends on tumor laterality, this relationship is largely unknown in non‐metastatic CRC.MethodsPatients who underwent resection for non‐metastatic CRC between 2000 and 2018 were identified from institutional databases at six academic tertiary centers in Europe and Japan. The prognostic relevance of KRAS status in patients with right‐sided (RS), left‐sided (LS), and rectal cancers was assessed.ResultsOf the 1093 eligible patients, 378 had right‐sided tumors and 715 had left‐sided tumors. Among patients with RS tumors, the 5‐year overall (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) for patients with KRASmut versus wild‐type tumors was not shown to differ significantly (82.2% vs. 83.2% and 72.1% vs. 76.7%, respectively, all p > .05). Among those with LS tumors, KRAS mutation was associated with shorter 5‐year OS and RFS on both the univariable (OS: 79.4% vs. 86.1%, p = .004; RFS: 68.8% vs. 77.3%, p = .005) and multivariable analysis (OS: HR: 1.52, p = .019; RFS: HR: 1.32, p = .05).ConclusionsKRAS mutation status was independently prognostic among patients with LS tumors, but this association failed to reach statistical significance in RS and rectal tumors. These findings confirm reports in metastatic CRC and underline the possible biologic importance of tumor location.
Use of tranexamic acid is not associated with complications following bipolar hemiarthroplasty for metastatic disease
Authors: Owen Aaron , Wellings Elizabeth P. , Wyles Cody C. , Yuan Brandon J. , Rose Peter S. , Houdek Matthew T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionAdvances in the care of cancer patients have resulted in increased survival. The proximal femur is a common site for metastatic disease, often requiring surgical intervention. Tranexamic acid (TXA) has proven to be safe in elective and traumatic femoral hemiarthroplasty; however, its use has not been investigated in oncologic patients.MethodWe reviewed 66 patients (37 males) with a mean age of 64 ± 3 years undergoing a hemiarthroplasty for metastatic disease in the femoral neck. A total of 22 (33%) patients received intraoperative TXA. Primary outcomes included postoperative blood loss, intraoperative and postoperative transfusion requirement, and postoperative complications.ResultsThere was no difference in the baseline characteristics between the TXA and non‐TXA groups. When comparing the TXA and non‐TXA groups, there were no differences in 72 h postoperative blood loss between groups (1.21 L vs. 1.33 L, p = 0.61), percentage of patients requiring transfusion (36.4% vs. 36.4%, p = 1.0), or the incidence of postoperative complications including venous thromboembolism (14% vs. 11%, p = 0.70) and pulmonary embolism (0% vs. 5%, p = 1.0).ConclusionOncology patients are a high‐risk population for thromboembolic events. This initial study supports the safe use of TXA intraoperatively in femoral hemiarthroplasty performed for metastatic disease.
LC–MS based plasma metabolomics study of the intervention effect of different polar parts of Hawthorn on hyperlipidemia rats
Authors: Zeng Lu , Luo Lan , Xue Qi , He Qiong , Chen Xingyu , Meng Jiang , Wang Shumei , Liang Shengwang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHawthorn, a well‐known traditional Chinese medicine is used for the treatment of dyspepsia syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and hyperlipidemia. Hawthorn has complex composition. However, the effective fraction and mechanisms of action in alleviating hyperlipidemia are unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of four different polar components of hawthorn on hyperlipidemia rats, and to explore underlying mechanisms of action through liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry based plasma metabolomics. Hyperlipidemia rat model was established by feeding rats using a high‐fat diet. High‐fat model rats were then treated with four polar components of hawthorn for 14 consecutive days. Plasma samples were collected and subjected to biochemical and metabolomics analysis. Biochemical analysis showed that hawthorn n‐butanol and ethyl acetate extracts had the highest efficacy on hyperlipidemia rats. Water fraction showed a partial effect, whereas petroleum ether extract was not effective against hyperlipidemia rats. Furthermore, liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry metabolomics analysis showed that the most effective fraction of hawthorn reversed the metabolic disorder in plasma of hyperlipidemia rats. Metabolomics analysis showed that hawthorn exerts its activity by modulating lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and amino acid metabolism.
Raman Lasing in Multimode Silicon Racetrack Resonators
Authors: Zhang Yaojing , Zhong Keyi , Tsang Hon Ki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntegrated Raman lasers have been well explored using silica and silicon platforms for decades. A well‐known equation with negligible nonlinear losses is employed for predictions of Raman lasing threshold powers in critically coupled cavities. However, nonlinear losses are known to be highly detrimental to silicon devices. Herein, for the first time, including the effects of linear loss, nonlinear losses, and cavity design, a new general equation that predicts the onset of Raman lasing in a cavity is derived and validated experimentally. Generally, a cavity with a small effective area, a short length, and high quality factors (Qs) at both pump and Stokes wavelengths can lase at relatively low pump power. This theory is verified by the experimental results with sub‐milliwatt threshold powers in 2.8 mm long multimode cavities with different Qs at different pump wavelengths. The derived Raman gain coefficients from the measurements follow the scaling rules of Raman gain. This work advances the understanding of Raman lasing in high‐Q multimode cavities. It also shows that Raman lasing at O/S‐band is possible in racetrack resonators without needing any reverse bias and the broad operation wavelength is promising for single‐chip silicon devices operating at all communication bands.
Numerical and experimental investigation on the performance of hybrid porous gas journal bearings
Authors: Li Wenjun , Wang Sijing , Zhao Zilong , Zhang Kai , Feng Kai , Hou Weijie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAs the progress of the high‐speed performance requirement for porous gas journal bearings continuing, the aerodynamic effect, which plays a key role in the state of lubrication, causes the porous gas journal bearings being gradually to be used as hybrid bearings. This paper firstly presents a theoretical analysis on the lubrication mechanism of the hybrid bearings. The gas flow in the porous and clearance is modelled by using the mass continuity equation. Two experimental test rigs are designed to systematically test the static and dynamic characteristics of the hybrid bearings. The numerical results are corroborated by the experimental data. Results show that there is optimal clearance for hybrid bearings to obtain maximum load capacity. The load capacity of the hybrid bearings is increased by the aerodynamic effect to be higher than that of pure aerostatic bearings especially at higher rotational speed and larger eccentric ratio. However, due to the occurrence of the aerodynamic effect, the hybrid bearings show clear cross‐coupling dynamic coefficients, which may lead to bearing instability. It is interesting to note that the direct dynamic stiffness and damping coefficients are both influenced by the aerodynamic and aerostatic effects. Higher rotational speed and external supply pressure will result in higher direct dynamic coefficients.
A 9‐month‐old Chinese patient with Gabriele‐de Vries syndrome due to novel germline mutation in the YY1 gene
Authors: Tan Li , Li Ying , Liu Fan , Huang Yufeng , Luo Sukun , Zhao Peiwei , Gu Weiyue , Lin Jun , Zhou Aifen , He Xuelian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundGabriele‐de Vries syndrome (GADEVS), also known as YY1 haploinsufficiency syndrome, is a very rare autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) due to YY1 mutation characterized by mild‐to‐profound developmental delay (DD)/intellectual disability (ID), a wide spectrum of functional and morphologic abnormalities, and intrauterine growth restriction or low birth weight and feeding difficulties are common in the patients. However, NDDs, such as language development disorder and ID, could hardly be assessed in patients younger than 2 years old.MethodsWe describe a 9‐month‐old female with DD, failure to thrive, and facial dysmorphism. Genetic analysis was conducted by whole exome sequencing (WES) and confirmed by Sanger sequencing.ResultsIn addition to DD and dysmorphic facial features, this patient had urinary tract infection, acute pyelonephritis, bilateral vesicoureteral reflux (grade III), gastroesophageal reflux, and malnutrition. She was found to have foramen ovale or atrial septal defect, and enlarged left lateral ventricle in the brain. After performing WES, a novel heterozygous mutation NM_003403.5:c.1124G>A, p.Arg375Gln in the YY1 gene was identified.ConclusionOur findings suggest that genetic tests are critical technique for diagnosis of GADEVS, especially in patients with early‐childhood, unexplained developmental or growth disorders, thus, the prevalence of GADEVS may be underestimated. The clinical features and identified YY1 mutation in our patient expand the spectra of phenotypes and genotypes of GADEVS, respectively.