bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Informative modeling of subjective reality for intellectual anthropomorphic robots
Authors: Dolganov A G , Letnev K Y 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This research is aimed at solving the problem of safeguarding robot operation by modeling the subjective reality of an intellectual anthropomorphic robot. Analysis has been carried out on trends in designing advanced robot control systems and methods of improving the safety of robot usage. The following conclusions are drawn: the risk of causing damage to human life, health or property increases when people interact with robots; it is necessary to combine neural network control systems with expert control systems in order to enhance the intellect of a robot and raise the level of trust held by humans towards robots; developing norms and regulations, designing collaborative robots, drawing visualization diagrams for safety zones cannot really provide the depth of robot socialization sufficient for the human society; an informative model of the subjective reality could be integrated into an intellectual anthropomorphic robot to provide a safer ‘human-robot’ interaction. Such an approach should result in achieving the greatest trust of humans and their safety due to anthropomorphic conversion of both the external design of a robot and its internal control structure. By its nature, the research is interdisciplinary – it is run in the fields of artificial intelligence and philosophy of subjective reality.
Arranging mining machinery systems in a single classification by the types of raw peat being extracted
Authors: Iakupov D R , Ivanov S L , Ivanova P V , Permyakova E K 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The following article presents a single classification of peat extraction strategies, methods, mining machinery systems, and types of raw peat. It also defines types of connection established between blocks, modules and mining machines within an extraction system. We suggest nine main mining systems that include specialized blocks and modules. Given strategies (peat quarrying and surface layer extraction) utilize the following techniques – excavation, hydraulic extraction, loosening and auxiliary operations. Techniques of peat extraction are further divided into methods. Extraction techniques imply the division of structure of peat materials into five groups – cloddy, sod, and milled peat, slurry and secondary raw materials. It was the parameter of peat material structure that made it possible to link extraction methods with tools used for their realization. Systems of mining machinery were classified by the types of connection between blocks and modules – coordination, connection, and coupling. The next level of our classification includes functions of mining systems (extraction and processing, deposit preparation, drainage, extraction, recultivation, deposit maintenance, subordinate and auxiliary systems, and systems for product transportation). Blocks and modules linked by coordination, connection, and coupling form a mining system that is used within the whole process of peat extraction.
Reconditioning and hardening of mining equipment hydraulic cylinder working surfaces by using of double-electrode cladding
Authors: Zverev S I , Fiveyskii A M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
For high-performance and high-quality reconditioning of the working surfaces of the hydraulic cylinders of mining equipment, technology is required that allows you to recondition the surface of the part that meets high requirements for accuracy of shape, hardness and roughness. There are several approaches to obtain the required properties. Comparative overview of the specifics of various approaches showed that arc cladding is the most effective and easiest way to recondition the geometric shape of a part applying to mining industry. It is interesting to obtain a weld metal with the structure of metastable austenite, which special properties allows to reach needed hardness and roughness of the cladded layer’s surface by subsequent surface rolling with plastic deformation. Unfortunately, to obtain the structure of metastable austenite it is needed low dilution rate of the base metal in the cladded metal, that is the reason to realize two layers cladding, which significantly reduces productivity of the method. In order to reduce the required number of cladded layers and obtain the structure of metastable austenite already in the first layer it could be applied multi-electrode processes – double-electrode cladding.
Patterns of form error inheritance during machining
Authors: Pegashkina E V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper studies modeling of quality parameters formation during machining on metal cutting machines. It was demonstrated that operational properties of parts are created not only at finishing operations, but rather formed throughout the entire technological process. At the same time, some characteristics and properties are inherited from operation to operation, i. e. copying of workpiece form errors to the machined part in the form of the same errors. The nonlinearity of the workpiece corresponds to the nonlinearity of the part. The extent of operational copying of nonlinearity (shaft surface runout in the middle section) was studied. A mathematical model of such error inheritance was developed with consideration of the nonlinear approximation of depth of cut variation along the workpiece circumference (per one revolution of the part). For existing tool materials, the exponent x at the cutting depth in the formula of the cutting force P is in the range of 0.7–0.9. As the depth of cut decreases, the refinement coefficient decreases. Therefore, when switching from rough operations (large cutting depths) to finishing (small cutting depths), the refinement coefficient becomes smaller.
The study of the influence of deviations of the arc energy parameters on the defects formation during automatic welding of pipelines
Authors: Filyakov A E , Sholokhov M A , Poloskov S I , Melnikov A Yu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Modern quality management systems for welding products are based on procedures to minimize the likelihood of typical defects. The reasons for deviations of the energy parameters of the welding process include disturbances along the length of the arc or its breaks associated with a spasmodic change in the electrode wire feed speed, violation of the power circuit with the welded product, mains voltage, and shielding gas consumption. To establish a connection between deviations of the welding parameters with the quality indicators of the welded joints, a model for the formation of a weld seam under the conditions of technological disturbances has been developed. It is shown that the formation of the crater depends not only on the duration of the arc break, but also on the welding parameters. It has been established that in the presence of lateral oscillation of the electrode, an arc break significantly increases the undercut, the maximum depth of which movesto the center of the groove to the cutting center as the break duration increases. Whereas an increase in the amplitude of lateral oscillation of the electrode causes a significant increase in the depth of the crater.
Application of double electrode welding as the way to increase welding productivity of fillet welds of bridge structures
Authors: Mosin A A , Sholokhov M A , Buzorina D S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
One of the ways to solve the task to increase productivity and obtain an enlarged leg in one pass is the use of two-electrode submerged arc welding (welding with a split electrode). When testing this welding method with respect to welding bridge metal structures, it was found that the quality of the welded joints and the productivity of the process substantially depend on the positioning of the electrodes relative to the groove. However, for the effective implementation of this method, a comprehensive study of its functionality for welding of bridge metal structures is necessary to conduct. An effective tool in solving such problems is physical and mathematical modeling, which allows without running a large number of experiments to study the features of the formation of fillet welds. To carry out this analysis, we used the previously developed physical and mathematical model of weld formation in single-arc submerged arc welding, added a description of the spatial position of the split electrode relative to the joint and defined the distribution of the heat flux and pressure of the double arc. It was found that the location of the electrodes with the lagging arc on the web provides better weld formation.
Evaluation of the resulting quality level index for interregional passenger automobile transport
Authors: Epifanov V V , Obshivalkin M Y , Generalova (Lukon’kina) K A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In order to improve transport services for the population, it is necessary to study and analyze the information on the quality of transport services on the basis of gained experience and wishes of the passengers. This paper, basing on the normative and technical documentation and expert assessments, provides the rationale for the selection of quality indicators for interregional passenger automobile transport. Quality evaluation indexes are supposed to be simple for calculation and use; quality indexes are supposed to be formed in the way to judge the participation of carriers in the improvement of the quality of the transport process, i. e. to separate the qualities, which depend and do not depend on their activities. Indexes, developed on the basis of the standards’ requirements are used in this paper. Such approach in the management of interregional passenger transport can contribute to the quality improvement of interregional automobile transport services provided to the population. The results of statistical data processing of passengers’ questionnaires are also given here. The transport quality indexes were quantified through the passengers’ answers ranking, the evaluation of the interregional passenger automobile transport quality was carried out on the example of the Ulyanovsk State Technical University.
Modern concept analysis of failure modes and consequences for quality assurance of products and processes
Authors: Kalinin E V , Kalinina L L , Norkina O S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Human needs in certain types of products, in new goods and services are constantly developing, changing, clarifying. To meet these needs, new goods samples are being created, and the products are being improved. Production processes are being developed, new equipment, tools and techniques are being created. New technical solutions, new operations application as well asit execution methods can produce constructive errors and dangerous situations both during production and during its exploitation. The Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) allows to predict that product lifecycle processes can functioning not properly. FMEA helps ensure the products and processes quality at the earliest stages of it design. The American approach (AIAG – Automotive Industry Action Group) and the German approach (VDA – Verband der Automobilindustrie) have now been harmonized. In 2019, the FMEA Handbook was published, reflecting the new FMEA implementation concept. Experience has emerged with a new approach. The work considers the possibilities of applying a new approach in the conditions of Russian companies, which allows to find new technical solutions.
Advanced standard operating procedures for survey of buildings and structures of metallurgical production
Authors: Kuznetsov M S , Dubinina V G , Patrushev Yu V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article presents modern methods for determination of the depth of various types of foundations at the metallurgical industry facilities. It was decided to use modern geophysical research methods, such as seismic exploration methods in order to solve the tasks for determination of depth of pile foundations and deep foundations under conditions of operating production metallurgical site. Geometric parameters of foundations can be measured using engineering seismic equipment, and three-component measurement data shall be processed by means of specific processing flow. The use of coherency procedures makes it possible to separate the dedicated phases of reflection from the foundation bottom in the wave pattern. Reproducibility of results of foundation bottom laying depth with actual depth was checked using engineering seismic recording systems by uncovering of foundation check pit-holes at the blast furnace complex facilities No. 7 of JSC EVRAZ NTMK. The measurement accuracy of pile foundations and spread foundations equal to 0.5 meters was achieved by means of seismic techniques as a result of the measurements conducted at the metallurgical production facilities.
Instrument ofthe work breakdown accounting in the high-tech production
Authors: Podoliak O O , Markova Yu N , Mineeva T A , Kuznetcova N A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
At present, in mechanical engineering there is a tendency of small-scale production due to the peculiarities and requirements of the market. At the same time, machine-building enterprises have to account the costs of produced products accurately (both for the state defense order and for the open market). The problem of the product labor intensity calculation becomes urgent, as it is used as a basis for of the product full cost calculation. Taking into account the technology changes, equipment, peculiarities of production program formation (small or medium series), using the existing approaches, work norms manuals becomes impossible. The investigation presents an improved algorithm for the work norm calculating using for the main workers in the high-tech production. A feature of the proposed approach is taking into account the share of passive observation during the technological operations in conditions of small-scale production in the conditions of the high-tech production. The article presents the results of the proposed method testing. The approbation was realized at the industrial enterprise in the conditions of the small-scale production. Proposed algorithm for work norms calculation can be used in automation of labor rationing at the industrial enterprise.
Comparative analysis of cutting fluids
Authors: Ershova I V , Kalinina N E , Cherepanova E V , Fayskhanov D F 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The article contains the results of seven working tests of cutting fluids for metal-cutting equipment. The results of the analysis were evaluated by experts, including process engineers, chemical engineers, foremen and production machine operators in the following areas: turning, drilling, milling, sawing, grinding, threading, boring works. The analysis made it possible to determine the scope of application of cutting fluids depending on the volume and rhythm of the work, the operating conditions of the cutting fluids, the requirements of the design and technological documentation taking into account the final cost of the cutting fluids used. The problem of determining an accelerated system of practical tests for cutting fluids to evaluate the effectiveness of using a particular product before conducting the production tests on machine equipment is considered. For this, criteria for evaluating the cutting fluids are proposed using the weighting method to ensure informed decision-making in the choice of a cutting fluid for admission to full-fledged production tests.
Problem of model usage in mechanical engineering
Authors: Pegashkin V F , Ignatova N U 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The concept ‘model’ in mechanical engineering is analyzed. Some problems of model usage at the industrial enterprise are named: ontology of elements of difficult model system; difference between the description of the model in natural language and mathematical language; the problem of fitting objects. Design of new way of feedback between a paint robot and its operator based on the use of not only virtual, but also augmented reality, requires an appeal to the ontology of models or to philosophical discourse. The difference between model description in natural and artificial languages implies the application of a semantic approach. The problem of fitting objects during the model testing in mechanical engineering can be solved during testing. The authors argue that the use of an interdisciplinary approach in comprehending complex model systems, taking into account virtual and augmented realities, allows us to clarify the conditions for using virtual 3D models in mechanical engineering.
Marketing aspect in the ‘Value Engineering’ in the new products development of machine-building enterprises
Authors: Murukina A D , Tipner L M , Prilutskaya M A , Kalinina N A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The dynamism of the engineering products markets is determined by a high level of competition, frequent changes in technology. One of the key problems of Russian machine-building enterprises is the long term of development and putting the product into the production which leads to the fact that ‘yesterday’s product is launched on tomorrow’s markets’. So, we see an arising need for a fundamental change in the product development process by including future consumers in it and ensuring verification of the results at each stage, from the formation of the technical task to the testing of the finished product. Such an approach will allow balancing consumer value and product characteristics, determining the significance and cost of functions, and substantiating a fair price. These problems are solved by the method of value engineering of a product. Application of this method requires reliable information on consumer characteristics, conditions and process of product operation, parameters of similar products. The tools of classical marketing research and new products engineering development should be combined into one system. As a result, the use of value engineering reduces the time required to bring a new product to the market and increases the competitiveness of the product.
Utilization aspects in a life cycle contract (the example of public transport in Russia)
Authors: Amosov N A , Kuznetsova E Y , Prilutskaya M A , Kukushkina G R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A structural analysis of public transport in Russia on the criterion ‘passenger turnover’ has been carried out in the last few years. Demand statistics have been compiled for all urban transport types. This has led to identify the quantitatively predominant types of public transport with a high pace of development. The article discusses the possibility of applying the life cycle contract concept to public transport in connection with the popularization of the concept on the one hand and the relevance of resolving organizational issues of exploitation public transport on the other. The article shows that public transport plays a key role in the total volume of citizens’ movement in Russia, therefore a life cycle contract is applicable to it as a whole. And the final phase of the life cycle contract is about utilization. Federal State Statistics Service data on passenger transport should form the basis for the correct calculation of future production capacities of end-of-life vehicles processors. This is necessary for the effective realization of the stage of ‘decline’ of the life cycle contract.
Upgrading of induction motors with energy efficiency enhancement at the electrical repair shops and sites of the running industrial companies
Authors: Mugalimov R G , Mugalimova A R , Zakirova R A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
It is demonstrated that the main disadvantage of induction motors is a relatively low power factor. In order to enhance energy efficiency of the electric drives, it is proposed to use an innovative technology of their upgrading in the course of overhauls. A distinctive feature of the proposed overhaul is the recalculation of the stator winding considering the real state of the stator steel and uses the phenomenon of current ferro-resonance in the machine’s electromagnetic system. This makes it possible to create an induction motor with the desired power factor, even equal to one. Upgrading allows increasing the efficiency factor and reducing the active power losses by 3–7% in the electric drive system and in the power supply system. Additional expenses for upgrading costs amount to 23–30% of the conventional overhaul costs. However, these additional expenses can be justified within 0.25–0.8 years due to energy savings. The results of this R&D project can be recommended for review to the power departments of the running industrial companies, electrical repair shops and energy saving centers.
Processes in spark electric discharge in air, nitrogen and oxygen
Authors: Piskarev I M , Aristova N A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The yield of redox reactions in aqueous solutions under the action of a remote spark discharge in the air, nitrogen and oxygen was studied. Mohr’s salt and potassium permanganate were used as test substances. The direct and indirect effects of a source of active particles were compared. On direct exposure active species can immediately interact with the substance. By indirect action the source of active species directly affects only water. Immediately after treatment water was mixed with a solution of the test substance and the reactions of accumulated active species with the test substance began. When discharged in air medium, the oxidation and reduction reaction yields are approximately the same 5 - 6 1(100 эВ)−1 eV. Equal yields means that active species are firstly produced in water. When discharged in the nitrogen and oxygen medium, the oxidation yield is ∼15% lower, and the recovery yield is much lower. In this case, there is oxygen or nitrogen in the aqueous solution, so nitrogen oxides cannot be formed in water. So the contribution of products, produced in the discharge region is not more than 15% and that radiation plays a major role in initiating of chemical processes in liquid.
Determination of the reduction coefficients in a continuous finishing group of stands in a hot rolling mill using artificial neural network
Authors: Latypov O R , Platov S I , Dema R R , Urtsev N V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
There are many problems when creating digital doubles. One of which is the definition of the source data: in this case, the definition of private reductions (coefficient ratios) in a continuous finishing group of stands of the broadband hot rolling mill 2000 of PJSC Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Work. Algorithms were developed to calculate the thickness of the breakdown bar, the number of stands involved, power required for rolling and coefficient ratios to solve this problem. The algorithms are based on well-known solutions (the Imai method) using neural networks. The training of neural networks was conducted on a sample collected for the period from 01.01.2017 to 01.01.2019 work of the mill in the PyTorch library of the interpreted programming language Python. The average error εME of the calculation of coefficient ratios (according to the developed algorithms with neural networks) does not exceed 8.9% and the standard deviation σ does not exceed 0.074.