bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolating the Impacts of Land Use/Cover Change and Climate Change on the GPP in the Heihe River Basin of China
Authors: You Nanshan , Meng Jijun , Zhu Lijun , Jiang Song , Zhu Likai , Li Feng , Kuo Li‐Jen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTerrestrial gross primary production (GPP) is a key indicator of the ecosystem response to climate change and land use/cover change (LUCC) in arid areas. The available global GPP data sets cannot meet the demands for local applications in arid areas due to sparse vegetation and extreme climate conditions. Here, we developed a novel GPP estimation model for the Heihe River Basin (HRB), the second largest inland river basin in northern China, and disentangled the impacts of climate change and LUCC on GPP. First, we calibrated the vegetation photosynthesis model (VPM) using CO2 flux observations from multiple stations in the HRB and developed a modified local GPP model (HRB‐VPM). Then, we decoupled the joint effects of LUCC and climate change on GPP based on the log and differential transformation method. The results showed that HRB‐VPM outperformed Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and VPM GPP models in arid ecosystems. The root mean square error of HRB‐VPM was 4.9 and 1.5 gCm−2 day−1 lower than those of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and VPM models, respectively. We concluded that the underlying driving forces of the GPP changes were distinct across the HRB. In the upper reach, climate change accounted for 65.8% of GPP changes, while in the middle and lower reaches, LUCC contributed to 75.1% of GPP changes. Our research provides an effective way to monitor arid ecosystem degradation and is useful for mitigating the negative impacts of human activities and future climate change.
Sediment Routing and Floodplain Exchange (SeRFE): A Spatially Explicit Model of Sediment Balance and Connectivity Through River Networks
Authors: Gilbert Jordan T. , Wilcox Andrew C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSediment regimes, i.e., the processes that recruit, transport, and store sediment, create the physical habitats that underpin river‐floodplain ecosystems. Natural and human‐induced disturbances that alter sediment regimes can have cascading effects on river and floodplain morphology, ecosystems, and a river's ability to provide ecosystem services, yet prediction of the response of sediment dynamics to disturbance is challenging. We developed the Sediment Routing and Floodplain Exchange (SeRFE) model, which is a network‐based, spatially explicit framework for modeling sediment recruitment to and subsequent transport through drainage networks. SeRFE additionally tracks the spatially and temporally variable balance between sediment supply and transport capacity. Simulations using SeRFE can account for various types of watershed disturbance and for channel‐floodplain sediment exchange. SeRFE is simple, adaptable, and can be run with widely available geospatial data and limited field data. The model is driven by real or user‐generated hydrographs, allowing the user to assess the combined effects of disturbance, channel‐floodplain interactions and particular flow scenarios on the propagation of disturbances throughout a drainage network, and the resulting impacts to reaches of interest. We tested the model in the Santa Clara River basin, Southern California, in subbasins affected by large dams and wildfire. Model results highlight the importance of hydrologic conditions on postwildfire sediment yield and illustrate the spatial extent of dam‐induced sediment deficit during a flood. SeRFE can provide contextual information on reach‐scale sediment balance conditions, sensitivity to altered sediment regimes, and potential for morphologic change for managers and practitioners working in disturbed watersheds.
The updated landscape of tumor microenvironment and drug repurposing
Authors: Jin Ming-Zhu , Jin Wei-Lin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAccumulating evidence shows that cellular and acellular components in tumor microenvironment (TME) can reprogram tumor initiation, growth, invasion, metastasis, and response to therapies. Cancer research and treatment have switched from a cancer-centric model to a TME-centric one, considering the increasing significance of TME in cancer biology. Nonetheless, the clinical efficacy of therapeutic strategies targeting TME, especially the specific cells or pathways of TME, remains unsatisfactory. Classifying the chemopathological characteristics of TME and crosstalk among one another can greatly benefit further studies exploring effective treating methods. Herein, we present an updated image of TME with emphasis on hypoxic niche, immune microenvironment, metabolism microenvironment, acidic niche, innervated niche, and mechanical microenvironment. We then summarize conventional drugs including aspirin, celecoxib, β-adrenergic antagonist, metformin, and statin in new antitumor application. These drugs are considered as viable candidates for combination therapy due to their antitumor activity and extensive use in clinical practice. We also provide our outlook on directions and potential applications of TME theory. This review depicts a comprehensive and vivid landscape of TME from biology to treatment.
An epigenome-wide association study of early-onset major depression in monozygotic twins
Authors: Roberson-Nay Roxann , Lapato Dana M. , Wolen Aaron R. , Lancaster Eva E. , Webb Bradley T. , Verhulst Bradley , Hettema John M. , York Timothy P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMajor depression (MD) is a debilitating mental health condition with peak prevalence occurring early in life. Genome-wide examination of DNA methylation (DNAm) offers an attractive complement to studies of allelic risk given it can reflect the combined influence of genes and environment. The current study used monozygotic twins to identify differentially and variably methylated regions of the genome that distinguish twins with and without a lifetime history of early-onset MD. The sample included 150 Caucasian monozygotic twins between the ages of 15 and 20 (73% female; Mage = 17.52 SD = 1.28) who were assessed during a developmental stage characterized by relatively distinct neurophysiological changes. All twins were generally healthy and currently free of medications with psychotropic effects. DNAm was measured in peripheral blood cells using the Infinium Human BeadChip 450 K Array. MD associations with early-onset MD were detected at 760 differentially and variably methylated probes/regions that mapped to 428 genes. Genes and genomic regions involved neural circuitry formation, projection, functioning, and plasticity. Gene enrichment analyses implicated genes related to neuron structures and neurodevelopmental processes including cell–cell adhesion genes (e.g., PCDHA genes). Genes previously implicated in mood and psychiatric disorders as well as chronic stress (e.g., NRG3) also were identified. DNAm regions associated with early-onset MD were found to overlap genetic loci identified in the latest Psychiatric Genomics Consortium meta-analysis of depression. Understanding the time course of epigenetic influences during emerging adulthood may clarify developmental phases where changes in the DNA methylome may modulate individual differences in MD risk.
Fenpropathrin induces degeneration of dopaminergic neurons via disruption of the mitochondrial quality control system
Authors: Jiao Zhigang , Wu Yixuan , Qu Shaogang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe synthetic pyrethroid derivative, fenpropathrin, is a widely used insecticide. However, a variety of toxic effects in mammals have been reported. In particular, fenpropathrin induces degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and parkinsonism. However, the mechanism of fenpropathrin-induced parkinsonism has remained unknown. In the present study, we investigated the toxic effects and underlying mechanisms of fenpropathrin on perturbing the dopaminergic system both in vivo and in vitro. We found that fenpropathrin induced cellular death of dopaminergic neurons in vivo. Furthermore, fenpropathrin increased the generation of reactive oxygen species, disrupted both mitochondrial function and dynamic networks, impaired synaptic communication, and promoted mitophagy in vitro. In mice, fenpropathrin was administered into the striatum via stereotaxic (ST) injections. ST-injected mice exhibited poor locomotor function at 24 weeks after the first ST injection and the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cells and level of TH protein in the substantia nigra pars compacta were significantly decreased, as compared to these parameters in vehicle-treated mice. Taken together, our results demonstrate that exposure to fenpropathrin induces a loss of dopaminergic neurons and partially mimics the pathologic features of Parkinson’s disease. These findings suggest that fenpropathrin may induce neuronal degeneration via dysregulation of mitochondrial function and the mitochondrial quality control system.
Early-onset breast cancer in a woman with a germline mobile element insertion resulting in BRCA2 disruption: a case report
Authors: Deuitch Natalie , Li Shao-Tzu , Courtney Eliza , Shaw Tarryn , Dent Rebecca , Tan Veronique , Yackowski Lauren , Torene Rebecca , Berkofsky-Fessler Windy , Ngeow Joanne 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMobile element insertions (MEIs) contribute to genomic diversity, but they can be responsible for human disease in some cases. Initial clinical testing (BRCA1, BRCA2 and PALB2) in a 40-year-old female with unilateral breast cancer did not detect any pathogenic variants. Subsequent reanalysis for MEIs detected a novel likely pathogenic insertion of the retrotransposon element (RE) c.7894_7895insSVA in BRCA2. This case highlights the importance of bioinformatic pipeline optimization for the detection of MEIs in genes associated with hereditary cancer, as early detection can significantly impact clinical management.
Calcium-sensing receptor-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome response to calciprotein particles drives inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Jäger Elisabeth , Murthy Supriya , Schmidt Caroline , Hahn Magdalena , Strobel Sarah , Peters Anna , Stäubert Claudia , Sungur Pelin , Venus Tom , Geisler Mandy , Radusheva Veselina , Raps Stefanie , Rothe Kathrin , Scholz Roger , Jung Sebastian , Wagner Sylke , Pierer Matthias , Seifert Olga , Chang Wenhan , Estrela-Lopis Irina , Raulien Nora , Krohn Knut , Sträter Norbert , Hoeppener Stephanie , Schöneberg Torsten , Rossol Manuela , Wagner Ulf 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIncreased extracellular Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]ex) trigger activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in monocytes through calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR). To prevent extraosseous calcification in vivo, the serum protein fetuin-A stabilizes calcium and phosphate into 70-100 nm-sized colloidal calciprotein particles (CPPs). Here we show that monocytes engulf CPPs via macropinocytosis, and this process is strictly dependent on CaSR signaling triggered by increases in [Ca2+]ex. Enhanced macropinocytosis of CPPs results in increased lysosomal activity, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and IL-1β release. Monocytes in the context of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) exhibit increased CPP uptake and IL-1β release in response to CaSR signaling. CaSR expression in these monocytes and local [Ca2+] in afflicted joints are increased, probably contributing to this enhanced response. We propose that CaSR-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation contributes to inflammatory arthritis and systemic inflammation not only in RA, but possibly also in other inflammatory conditions. Inhibition of CaSR-mediated CPP uptake might be a therapeutic approach to treating RA.
Use of ratiometrically designed nanocarrier targeting CDK4/6 and autophagy pathways for effective pancreatic cancer treatment
Authors: Ji Ying , Liu Xiangsheng , Li Juan , Xie Xiaodong , Huang Max , Jiang Jinhong , Liao Yu-Pei , Donahue Timothy , Meng Huan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAberrant cell cycle machinery and loss of the CDKN2A tumor suppressor locus make CDK4/6 a potential target in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, a vast majority of PDAC cases do not harbor a durable response to monotherapy of CDK4/6 inhibitor. Utilizing remote loading to co-encapsulate CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib (PAL) and an autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), we demonstrate a ratiometrically designed mesoporous silica nanoformulation with synergistic efficacy in subcutaneous and orthotopic PDAC mouse models. The synergism is attributed to the effective intratumoral buildup of PAL/HCQ, which otherwise exhibit distinctly different circulatory and biodistribution profile. PAL/HCQ co-delivery nanoparticles lead to the most effective shrinkage of PDAC compared to various controls, including free drug mixture. Immunohistochemistry reveals that PAL/HCQ co-delivery nanoparticles trigger anti-apoptotic pathway after repetitive intravenous administrations in mice. When combined with a Bcl inhibitor, the performance of co-delivery nanoparticles is further improved, leading to a long-lasting anti-PDAC effect in vivo.
Surface chelation of cesium halide perovskite by dithiocarbamate for efficient and stable solar cells
Authors: He Jingjing , Liu Junxian , Hou Yu , Wang Yun , Yang Shuang , Yang Hua Gui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSurface engineering has been shown critical for the success of perovskite solar cells by passivating the surface enriched defects and mobile species. The discovery of surface modulators with superior interaction strength to perovskite is of paramount importance since they can retain reliable passivation under various environments. Here, we report a chelation strategy for surface engineering of CsPbI2Br perovskite, in which dithiocarbamate molecules can be coordinate to surface Pb sites via strong bidentate chelating bonding. Such chelated CsPbI2Br perovskite can realize excellent passivation of surface under-coordinated defects, reaching a champion power conversion efficiency of 17.03% and an open-circuit voltage of 1.37 V of CsPbI2Br solar cells. More importantly, our chelation strategy enabled excellent device stability by maintaining 98% of their initial efficiency for over 1400 h in ambient condition. Our findings provide scientific insights on the surface engineering of perovskite that can facilitate the further development and application of perovskite optoelectronics.
Reduced serial dependence suggests deficits in synaptic potentiation in anti-NMDAR encephalitis and schizophrenia
Authors: Stein Heike , Barbosa Joao , Rosa-Justicia Mireia , Prades Laia , Morató Alba , Galan-Gadea Adrià , Ariño Helena , Martinez-Hernandez Eugenia , Castro-Fornieles Josefina , Dalmau Josep , Compte Albert 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA mechanistic understanding of core cognitive processes, such as working memory, is crucial to addressing psychiatric symptoms in brain disorders. We propose a combined psychophysical and biophysical account of two symptomatologically related diseases, both linked to hypofunctional NMDARs: schizophrenia and autoimmune anti-NMDAR encephalitis. We first quantified shared working memory alterations in a delayed-response task. In both patient groups, we report a markedly reduced influence of previous stimuli on working memory contents, despite preserved memory precision. We then simulated this finding with NMDAR-dependent synaptic alterations in a microcircuit model of prefrontal cortex. Changes in cortical excitation destabilized within-trial memory maintenance and could not account for disrupted serial dependence in working memory. Rather, a quantitative fit between data and simulations supports alterations of an NMDAR-dependent memory mechanism operating on longer timescales, such as short-term potentiation.
Coordination engineering of iridium nanocluster bifunctional electrocatalyst for highly efficient and pH-universal overall water splitting
Authors: Wang Qilun , Xu Cong-Qiao , Liu Wei , Hung Sung-Fu , Bin Yang Hong , Gao Jiajian , Cai Weizheng , Chen Hao Ming , Li Jun , Liu Bin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWater electrolysis offers a promising energy conversion and storage technology for mitigating the global energy and environmental crisis, but there still lack highly efficient and pH-universal electrocatalysts to boost the sluggish kinetics for both cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, we report uniformly dispersed iridium nanoclusters embedded on nitrogen and sulfur co-doped graphene as an efficient and robust electrocatalyst for both HER and OER at all pH conditions, reaching a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with only 300, 190 and 220 mV overpotential for overall water splitting in neutral, acidic and alkaline electrolyte, respectively. Based on probing experiments, operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy and theoretical calculations, we attribute the high catalytic activities to the optimum bindings to hydrogen (for HER) and oxygenated intermediate species (for OER) derived from the tunable and favorable electronic state of the iridium sites coordinated with both nitrogen and sulfur.
A national macroinvertebrate dataset collected for the biomonitoring of Ireland’s river network, 2007–2018
Authors: Feeley Hugh B. , Bradley Catherine , Free Gary , Kennedy Bryan , Little Ruth , McDonnell Neasa , Plant Caroline , Trodd Wayne , Wynne Caroline , Boyle Shane O’ 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in Ireland is responsible for the ecological monitoring and assessment of 37 hydrometric areas covering 46 river catchments and over 13,000 km of river channel nationwide. The national river monitoring program commenced in 1971 and has developed further since 2007 into the National Rivers Water Framework Directive (WFD) Monitoring Program following the implementation of the WFD across the European Union. The monitoring program is designed to obtain sufficiently representative information to assess ecological quality for each water body assessed. Consequently, macroinvertebrate data have been collected at over 2,900 river survey stations on a minimum 3-year cycle to fulfil these requirements. While the EPA has collected these data for water quality assessments we recognize that the data have value beyond this one purpose. We provide a summary of how these 10,987 data records, covering the years 2007 to 2018, have been collected and used to deepen understanding of water quality, biodiversity and general ecological health of Ireland’s river network.
Eliciting preferences for truth-telling in a survey of politicians
Authors: Janezic Katharina A. , Gallego Aina 
Published: August 2020

SignificanceVoters who would like to accurately evaluate the performance of politicians in office often rely on incomplete information and are uncertain whether politicians’ words can be trusted. Honesty is highly valued in politics because politicians who are averse to lying should in principle provide more trustworthy information. Despite the importance of honesty in politics, there is no scientific evidence on politicians’ lying aversion. We measured preferences for truth-telling in a sample of 816 elected politicians and study observable characteristics associated with honesty. We find that in our sample, politicians who are averse to lying have lower reelection rates, suggesting that honesty may not pay off in politics.
Variable constraints on se lo(s) in Mexican
Spanish
Authors: Schwenter Scott A. , Hoff Mark R. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We examine the alternation between normative
se lo/la and se los/las to
express a plural indirect object and singular direct object. Using
corpus data from Mexico City and Monterrey, we find that significant
predictors of the more frequent variant, se los,
are number of the verb, referential distance, and presence of a
dative prepositional phrase. Contra previous claims that se
los marks plurality in ambiguous dative referents, we
argue that it serves as an accessibility marker that makes a plural
referent more salient if not recently mentioned. Se
los is used most frequently with first-person singular
verbs, resulting in (near-)fixed expressions. These findings
demonstrate the sensitivity of Spanish clitics to
discourse-pragmatic context and highlight limitations of
sentence-level analysis of morphosyntactic variants.
Complex attitudes towards two sociolinguistic variables and their
social meanings
Authors: Delgado-Díaz Gibran , Galarza Iraida , Díaz-Campos Manuel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This study considers attitudes about variable
production of coda /ɾ/ and syllable-initial /r/ in Puerto Rico. Two
actors produced typical Puerto Rican allophonic variants of coda /ɾ/
and syllable-initial /r/. Indirect attitudes of sixteen urban
speakers were measured through a matched-guise task, and direct
attitudes were observed through an interview. For coda /ɾ/, the tap
received the highest overall rating, while for syllable-initial /r/,
the trill received higher ratings than the posterior /r/. In both
cases, men gave higher ratings in comparison to women. The indexical
field analysis showed that social meanings change according to the
social context in which individuals interact, helping to explain why
speakers use traditionally stigmatized forms, since they can also
express positive social meanings.
Declarative intonation in four Afro-Hispanic varieties
Authors: Korfhagen David , Rao Rajiv , Sessarego Sandro 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This chapter studies declarative intonation using
the Autosegmental-Metrical model of intonational phonology in four
Afro-Hispanic varieties: Chinchano, Chocó, Chota Valley, and
Yungueño. We analyze the inventory of pitch accents, intermediate
phrase boundary tones and intonational phrase boundary tones in
declarative utterances extracted from spontaneous-speech corpora. The intonational inventories of these
Afro-Hispanic varieties are significantly reduced in comparison with
what has been observed in the declaratives of other native varieties
of Spanish. Our data imply that speakers’ patterns are the result of
a cross-generational transmission of simplified intonational
features, stemming from second-language acquisition strategies
rather than substrate influences.
Keyword analysis and the indexing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander identity
Authors: Bednarek Monika 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article presents a corpus-driven sociolinguistic study ofRedfern Now – the first major television drama series commissioned, written, acted, directed and produced by Indigenous industry professionals in Australia. The study examines whether corpus linguistic keyword analysis can identify evidence for type indexicality (social demographics, personae) and trait indexicality (stance, personality), with particular attention paid to the potential indexing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander identity. More specifically, the study’s goal is to retrieve and analyse words that are associated with varieties of English in Australia, and with Australian Aboriginal Englishes in particular. To this end, a corpus with dialogue fromRedfern Nowis compared to a reference corpus of US television dialogue. Results show thatRedfern Nowfeatures the use of easily recognisable and familiar words (e.g.blackfella[s],deadly; kinship terms), but also shows clear variation among characters. The case study concludes by evaluating the use of keyword analysis for identifying indexicality in telecinematic discourse.
Comparison of passenger vehicle braking distance when travelling on snow and asphalt at different velocities
Authors: Radu A I , Tolea B A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The objective of this paper was to determine the braking distance of a passenger vehicle when traveling at the speeds of 30, 50 and 70 km/h, on low friction surfaces (snow, deep snow) and also on asphalt. A number of tests were conducted on different surfaces. The vehicle was accelerated and then braked completely. Based on the braking distance values obtained by GPS, the adhesion coefficient was calculated for each surface for every velocity value tested.