bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A combination of pyridine‐2, 4‐dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester and resveratrol stabilizes hypoxia‐inducible factor 1‐alpha and improves hair density in female volunteers
Authors: Juchaux F. , Sellathurai T. , Perrault V. , Boirre F. , Delannoy P. , Bakkar K. , Albaud J. , Gueniche A. , Cheniti A. , Dal Belo S. , Souverain L. , Le Balch M. , Commo S. , Thibaut S. , Michelet J.F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was first to demonstrate that a combination of pyridine‐2, 4‐dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester and resveratrol could synergizein vitroon biological pathways associated with hair growth and then to demonstrate the benefit on hair density in a clinical study.MethodsThe effects of pyridine‐2, 4‐dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester and resveratrol directly on the hypoxic inducible factor‐1α protein (HIF‐1α) and related genes expression were demonstrated on keratinocytes in culturein vitrousing western‐blot analysis and real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. The effect of resveratrol against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide treatment was studied in hair follicle and hair matrix cellsin vitrousing the sensitive probe Dichloro‐dihydro‐fluorescein diacetate (DCFH‐DA). Finally, a randomized clinical study on hair density was conducted on 79 Caucasian female subjects to assess the effect of this combination of actives.ResultsPyridine‐2, 4‐dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester and resveratrol stabilized HIF‐1a protein and increased the expression of HIF‐1α target genes. Resveratrol significantly reduced the oxygen peroxide‐induced oxidative stress generated in hair follicle and hair matrix cells. The clinical study showed that a topical treatment with the combination significantly increased the hair density on women from 1.5 months.ConclusionIn addition to the antioxidant properties of resveratrol, the association of pyridine‐2, 4‐dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester and resveratrol revealed a synergistic effect on the HIF‐1α pathway. The results of the clinical study confirmed the importance of such a combination to increase the hair density.
Human occupation and ecosystem change on Upolu (Samoa) during the Holocene
Authors: Gosling William D. , Sear David A. , Hassall Jonathan D. , Langdon Pete G. , Bönnen Mick N. T. , Driessen Tessa D. , van Kemenade Zoë R. , Noort Kevin , Leng Melanie J. , Croudace Ian W. , Bourne Anna J. , McMichael Crystal N. H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimTo track the peopling of the South Pacific and assess their impact on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.LocationUpolu, Samoa.TaxonTerrestrial and aquatic plantsMethodsA sedimentary record covering the last c. 10,500 years was recovered from the volcanic crater that contains Lake Lanoto'o near the centre of Upolu Island. Information on past ecological change was obtained from microscopic and macroscopic remains extracted from the sediments: charcoal (fire history), pollen/spores and plant remains (vegetation history), and lake status (algae/cyanobacteria). Information on the depositional environment and climate was obtained from geochemical and sedimentary analysis: loss‐on‐ignition (sediment composition), cryptotephras (volcanic eruptions) and precipitation regime (Ti/inc). The environmental history developed was compared with the archaeological record from the region.ResultsCharcoal material was found in the Lake Lanoto'o sediments at higher abundances and more frequently in samples from the period after the first archaeological evidence of people on Upolu (c. 2900–2700 years ago). No abrupt shift is recognized in the vegetation or aquatic ecosystem assemblages coincident with the arrival of people on the island.Main conclusionsMacrocharcoal is demonstrated to be an effective proxy for detecting human occupation of Upolu around 2,800 years ago. The immediate impact of these settlers on the vegetation seems to have been minimal; however, a subsequent opening up of the landscape is suggested through the gradual increase in ferns. The absence of any significant change in the aquatic community associated with, or after, the arrival of people on the islands suggests that humans rarely visited the lake. We suggest that on Upolu a simple model of decreasing human impact away from coastal areas is applicable.
Down‐regulation of SLC35C1 induces colon cancer through over‐activating Wnt pathway
Authors: Deng Minzi , Chen Zhihong , Tan Jieqiong , Liu Heli 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe canonical Wnt signalling pathway is a critical pathway involved in the proliferation of cells. It has been well‐established that it plays the central role during colorectal carcinogenesis and development. Yet the exact molecular mechanism of how the canonical Wnt pathway is fine‐tuned remains elusive. We found that SLC35C1, a GDP‐fucose transporter, negatively regulates the Wnt signalling pathway. We show here that SLC35C1 is reduced in all colon cancer by both immunohistochemistry images and TCGA data, whereas β‐catenin is increased. Down‐regulation of SLC35C1 is also detected by real‐time PCR in stage 3 and stage 4 colorectal cancer tissues. Moreover, analysing the TCGA database with cBioPortal reveals the negative correlation of SLC35C1 mRNA level to the expression of β‐catenin. Reduced SLC35C1 significantly promotes cell proliferation and colony formation of HEK293 cells. Meanwhile, in HEK293 cells silencing SLC35C1 activates canonical Wnt pathway, whereas overexpressing SLC35C1 inhibits it. Consistently, the reduction of SLC35C1 in HEK293 cells also elevated the mRNA level of Wnt target genes C‐myc, Axin2 and Cyclin D1, as well as the secretion of Wnt3a. In conclusion, we identified SLC35C1 as a negative regulator of the Wnt signalling pathway in colon cancer. Decreased SLC35C1 may cause over‐activation of Wnt signalling in colorectal cancer.
Liver‐related long‐term outcomes of thiazolidinedione use in persons with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Yen Fu‐Shun , Yang Yu‐Cih , Hwu Chii‐Min , Wei James C.‐C. , Huang Yi‐Hsiang , Hou Ming‐Chih , Hsu Chih‐Cheng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsStudies have described prominent histologic improvement in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) using thiazolidinedione (TZD); however, these were all short term with moderate sample size, no liver‐related long‐term outcomes could be noted.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study enrolled patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2013. We matched TZD users and nonusers at a 1:1 ratio through propensity score matching. This study included 5095 paired TZD users and nonusers. Cox proportional hazard models were used to compare the risks of cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation, hepatic failure and all‐cause mortality between TZD users and nonusers. The Kaplan‐Meier method was used to compare the cumulative incidence of these main outcomes.ResultsThe incidence rates of cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation, hepatic failure and all‐cause mortality during follow‐up were 0.77 vs 1.95, 1.43 vs 1.75, 0.36 vs 0.70, and 4.89 vs 3.78 per 1000 person‐years between TZD users and nonusers. The adjusted hazard ratios of cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation, hepatic failure and all‐cause mortality were 0.39 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.21‐0.72), 0.86 (95% CI: 0.52‐1.44), 0.46 (95% CI: 0.18‐1.17) and 1.18 (95% CI: 0.87‐1.61) respectively.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that TZD use could significantly lower the risk of cirrhosis. In clinical settings, TZD use might be able to improve liver‐related long‐term outcomes.
Volunteer experiences of wartime nursing in Finland during World War II
Authors: Elomaa‐Krapu Minna , Kaunonen Marja , Åstedt‐Kurki Päivi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe aim of the research was to analyse the experience of medical volunteers during World War II in the context of nursing history. Oral history data used in the study consisted of 30 interviews with Finnish wartime medical volunteers, known locally as Lottas. Interview data were analysed both thematically and by using the oral history method. Based on the analysis, the Lottas' experiences during wartime nursing became the leitmotif of this study. The main themes consisted of the following: ‘taking care of wounded and ill patients', ‘taking care of dying and deceased patients’, ‘taking care of mentally ill and psychoactive substance‐addicted patients’ and ‘confronting ethical and role dilemmas in nursing’. The interview results showed that the Lottas' duties were sometimes more demanding than basic nursing tasks and that their education was not adequate for the challenges that they faced. In this paper, the terms Lotta, medical Lotta or medical volunteer are used interchangeably and refer to people who were assigned to medical volunteer tasks, regardless of whether or not they were trained. It also includes junior members of the organisation who served as medical volunteers as minors, with special permission.
Influence of post‐disaster evacuation on childhood obesity and hyperlipidemia
Authors: Kawasaki Yukihiko , Nakano Hironori , Hosoya Mitsuaki , Yasumura Seiji , Ohira Tetsuya , Satoh Hiroaki , Suzuki Hitoshi , Sakai Akira , Ohtsuru Akira , Takahashi Atsushi , Kobashi Gen , Kamiya Kenji 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe objectives of this study were to determine the longer‐term trends in childhood obesity and hyperlipidemia among residents of Fukushima Prefecture 5 years after the Great East Japan Earthquake.MethodsWe evaluated the changes in height, weight, body mass index (BMI) standard deviation score (BMI‐SDS), low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐CHO), high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (HDL‐CHO), and triglyceride (TG) in residents aged 7–15 years who had lived in the evacuation zone between 2011 and 2015.Results(i) the mean BMI SDS in all residents in 2011 was 0.113, and the mean BMI‐SDS in all residents gradually decreased from 2011 to 2015; (ii) serum LDL‐CHO levels and TG levels in all residents with a BMI value ≧ 2SD in 2011 were higher than those in residents with a BMI value <2SD; (iii) the frequency of residents with an LDL‐CHO level ≥ 140 mg/dl in 2012, 2013, and 2014 did not decrease in comparison with that in 2011, whereas the frequency of residents with an LDL‐CHO level of ≥ 140 mg/dl in 2015 was lower than that in 2011. The frequency of residents with a TG level ≥ 120 mg/dl increased over the 5 years.ConclusionsThese results suggest that a number of pediatric residents suffered from obesity and hyperlipidemia. Furthermore, the long‐term observation indicated an improvement in obesity, although the improvement in lipid abnormalities was delayed compared with that in obesity. Thus, it is necessary to continue with health checks for these residents with obesity and/or hyperlipidemia.
Marijuana in pediatric and adult congenital heart disease heart transplant listing: A survey of provider practices and attitudes
Authors: Phillips Kari A. , Thrush Philip T. , Lal Ashwin K. , Kindel Steven J. , Castleberry Chesney , Sparks Joshua , Daly Kevin P. , Johnson Jonathan N. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDespite increasing legalization and use of marijuana, there is no consensus among pediatric heart transplant institutions or providers regarding users' eligibility for cardiac transplant. We sent a survey to pediatric and ACHD transplant providers (physicians, surgeons, transplant coordinators, and pharmacists) assessing their current institution's policies and their personal opinions about marijuana use in patients being considered for heart transplantation. Of the respondents, 84% practice in the United States and Canada. Most providers (80%) care for both pediatric and ACHD patients. Respondents included cardiologists (77%) and surgeons (11%), with the remaining being coordinators and pharmacists. Most providers (73%) reported their institution had no policy regarding marijuana use in heart transplant candidates. Only 20% of respondents' institutions consider mode of consumption, with 87% and 53% approving of oral and transdermal routes, respectively, and only 7% approving of vaporized or smoked routes. While 73% of providers would consider illegal marijuana use an absolute/relative contraindication to heart transplant listing, the number decreases to 57% for legal recreational users and 21% for legal medical users. Most providers personally believe marijuana to be physically and mentally/emotionally harmful to pediatric patients (67% and 72%, respectively). Many institutions lack a policy regarding marijuana use in pediatric and ACHD heart transplant candidates, and there is considerable disagreement among providers on the best practice. With increasing legalization and use of marijuana, each institution will have to address this issue thoughtfully to continue to provide high‐quality, consistent, and equitable care for pediatric and ACHD heart transplant candidates.
Recent developments in mesophyll conductance in C3, C4, and crassulacean acid metabolism plants
Authors: Cousins Asaph B. , Mullendore Daniel L. , Sonawane Balasaheb V. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThe conductance of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the substomatal cavities to the initial sites of CO2 fixation (gm) can significantly reduce the availability of CO2 for photosynthesis. There have been many recent reviews on: (i) the importance of gm for accurately modelling net rates of CO2 assimilation, (ii) on how leaf biochemical and anatomical factors influence gm, (iii) the technical limitation of estimating gm, which cannot be directly measured, and (iv) how gm responds to long‐ and short‐term changes in growth and measurement environmental conditions. Therefore, this review will highlight these previous publications but will attempt not to repeat what has already been published. We will instead initially focus on the recent developments on the two‐resistance model of gm that describe the potential of photorespiratory and respiratory CO2 released within the mitochondria to diffuse directly into both the chloroplast and the cytosol. Subsequently, we summarize recent developments in the three‐dimensional (3‐D) reaction‐diffusion models and 3‐D image analysis that are providing new insights into how the complex structure and organization of the leaf influences gm. Finally, because most of the reviews and literature on gm have traditionally focused on C3 plants we review in the final sections some of the recent developments, current understanding and measurement techniques of gm in C4 and crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants. These plants have both specialized leaf anatomy and either a spatially or temporally separated CO2 concentrating mechanisms (C4 and CAM, respectively) that influence how we interpret and estimate gm compared with a C3 plants.
The otic microbiota and mycobiota in a referral population of dogs in eastern USA with otitis externa
Authors: Bradley Charles W. , Lee Fiona F. , Rankin Shelley C. , Kalan Lindsay R. , Horwinski Joseph , Morris Daniel O. , Grice Elizabeth A. , Cain Christine L. 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundCanine otitis externa (OE) is a common inflammatory disease that is frequently complicated by secondary bacterial and/or yeast infections. The otic microbial population is more complex than appreciated by cytological methods and aerobic culture alone.Hypothesis/objectivesDifferences in bacterial and fungal populations of the external ear canal will correlate with specific cytological and culture‐based definitions of bacterial and Malassezia otitis.AnimalsForty client‐owned dogs; 30 with OE and 10 with healthy ears.Methods and materialsProspective study comparing cytological samples, aerobic bacterial cultures and culture‐independent sequencing‐based analyses of the external ear canal. Subjects with OE included 10 dogs with only cocci [≥25/high power field (HPF)] on cytological evaluation and culture of Staphylococcus spp.; 10 dogs with rods (≥25/HPF) and exclusive culture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa; 10 dogs with only yeast on cytological results morphologically compatible with Malassezia spp. (≥5/HPF).ResultsStaphylococcus was the most abundant taxa across all groups. Ears cytologically positive for cocci had decreased diversity, and all types of OE were associated with decreased fungal diversity compared to controls.Conclusions and clinical importanceCytological and culture‐based assessment of the ear canal is not predictive of the diverse microbiota of the ear canal in cases of Pseudomonas or Malassezia otitis. Less abundant bacterial taxa in cases of staphylococcal OE are worth scrutiny for future biological therapy.
A Benchmark Artifact to Evaluate the Manufacturing of Microfeatures by Digital Light Processing Stereolithography
Authors: Rebaioli Lara , Fassi Irene 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Suitable benchmark artifacts are needed for assessing the technological capabilities and limitations of a specific process or for comparing the performances of different processes. Only a few benchmark artifacts have been specifically designed for features with microscale dimensions, even if their manufacturing is becoming very common due to the increasing demand for miniaturized parts or objects with microscale features. In this study, a suitable benchmark part is designed to evaluate the geometrical performance of a digital light processing (DLP) stereolithography (SLA) system for manufacturing microfeatures. The effect of the main process parameters (i.e., layer thickness and exposure time) and the feature position within the building platform on the process performance was assessed by a specifically studied experimental campaign. The results show that both the analyzed process parameters influence the minimum feasible size of protruding features and that the feature position influences the dimensional accuracy.
A Novel Framework for Simultaneous Topology and Sizing Optimization of Complex, Multi-Domain Systems-of-Systems
Authors: Docimo Donald J. , Kang Ziliang , James Kai A. , Alleyne Andrew G. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This article presents a novel design framework for topology and component sizing optimization of multi-domain dynamic systems described by conservation laws. Multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) is a powerful tool for minimizing metrics such as inefficiency and cost for these systems-of-systems (SoS). However, quality of the designs identified from the optimization procedure depends on model accuracy and ability to capture inter-system interactions. This work utilizes a conservation-based, graphical modeling approach to capture physical system dynamics and interactions, and expands it to be used in MDO techniques. This yields three contributions to the literature. First, an augmented graph-based model is provided, expressing continuous and discrete design variable values as changes to vertex size, edge size, and edge connections of the dynamic system graph. Second, a sizing and topology optimization framework is developed using the augmented graph-based model as a basis. Third, analytical and numerical sensitivity functions are derived for a cooling system design problem, stemming from application of the design framework. The design framework is applied to two case studies for cooling subsystem design and electric vehicle (EV) powertrain design, with the goal of optimizing thermal and electrical component sizes, as well as discrete choices in the topology of the system being designed. These case studies provide examples for how the design framework enables analysis of alternatives (AoA) during early design stages.
Harnessing Process Variables in Additive Manufacturing for Design Using Manufacturing Elements
Authors: Xiong Yi , Tang Yunlong , Park Sang-In , Rosen David W. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Process plans in additive manufacturing (AM) have a profound impact on the performance of fabricated parts such as geometric accuracy and mechanical properties. Due to its layer-based, additive nature, AM processes can be controlled at multiple scales starting from the scan vector/pixel scale. However, most process planning methods in AM configure process settings at the part scale. This leaves large unexplored regions in the design space that may include optimal designs. To address these untapped potentials, we present a process planning strategy based on the concept of manufacturing elements (MELs) to harness process variables at low scales for design. First, we decompose a part design into multiple MELs that contain geometric and manufacturing information. Two-scale process–structure–property (PSP) relationships are then constructed for MELs and their assembly. Decision tools, including the compromise decision support problem, are employed to navigate two-scale PSP relationships for supporting designers in design exploration on process variables and optimization of process plans. The proposed strategy is illustrated with a process planning example for a lattice structure, which has multiple design goals and is to be fabricated using material extrusion.
But Will It Build? Assessing Student Engineering Designers’ Use of Design for Additive Manufacturing Considerations in Design Outcomes
Authors: Prabhu Rohan , Miller Scarlett R. , Simpson Timothy W. , Meisel Nicholas A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) enables engineers to improve the functionality and performance of their designs by adding complexity at little to no additional cost. However, AM processes also exhibit certain unique limitations, such as the presence of support material. These limitations must be accounted for to ensure that designs can be manufactured feasibly and cost-effectively. Given these unique process characteristics, it is important for an AM-trained workforce to be able to incorporate both opportunistic and restrictive design for AM (DfAM) considerations into the design process. While AM/DfAM educational interventions have been discussed in the literature, few studies have objectively assessed the integration of DfAM in student engineering designers’ design outcomes. Furthermore, limited research has explored how the use of DfAM affects the students’ AM designs’ achievement of design task objectives. This research explores this gap in literature through an experimental study with 301 undergraduate students. Specifically, participants were exposed to either restrictive DfAM or dual DfAM (both opportunistic and restrictive) and then asked to participate in a design challenge. The participants’ final designs were evaluated for (1) build time and build material (2) the use of the various DfAM concepts, and (3) the features used to manifest these DfAM concepts. The results show that the use of certain DfAM considerations, such as part complexity, number of parts, support material mass, and build plate contact area (corresponding to warping tendency), correlated with the build material and build time of the AM designs—minimizing both of which were objectives of the design task. The results also show that introducing participants to opportunistic DfAM leads to the generation of designs with higher part complexity and lower build plate contact area but a greater presence of inaccessible support material.
Nonlinear Dynamics Behavior of a Pear Cam With Roller Follower Mechanism
Authors: Yousuf Louay S. , Marghitu Dan B. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A pear cam and roller follower system is studied for distinct values of cam rotational speeds. Different values of clearance (C = 1, 1.5, and 2 mm) are used. SolidWorks is used for the numerical analysis. The largest Lyapunov exponent was calculated for the mechanism and the non-periodic motion is analyzed for different clearances and angular speeds. The displacement of follower motion is processed using OPTOTRAK / 3020 with a 3-D infrared sensor experimentally. The system with clearance C = 2 mm has largest value of (LLE) at N = 400 rpm, while the lowest value of (LLE) is at N = 100 rpm at the same value of angular speed.