bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leprosy Patients with Deformities at Post-Elimination Stage: The Bangladesh Experience
Authors: Mowla M. R. , Angkur D. M. , Hasan Z. , Sultana M. N. , Afrin S. , Akhter M. S. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Disability assessment in leprosy patients is a very important factor in the evaluation of the effectiveness of a leprosy elimination program. Little information exists on deformities in leprosy patients in Bangladesh.

Objectives
To describe the pattern and prevalence of deformities in leprosy patients after leprosy has been declared eliminated from Bangladesh in 1998.

Methods
A descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out in Chittagong Medical College Hospital using the registered records of patients for the period 2004–2013.

Results
Out of 670 leprosy patients, 213 (31.79%) had deformities. The prevalence of deformity was for grade 1: 92 (43.20%), for grade 2: 121 (56.80%). Among the patients with deformity, males 144 (67.60%) outnumbered females 69 (32.40%). Four age groups were considered. The calculated age-specific cumulative detection rates showed the highest case detection in &gt;40 years group at 81 (38.02%). The rate of children (&lt;14 years) was less at 7 (3.29%). Of the 213 patients with deformity, the borderline tuberculoid patients were totalled 79 (37.08%), which was higher than other forms of leprosy. Among the 121 patients with limb deformity, 57 (8.50%) had claw hand followed by wrist drop 31 (4.63%), foot drop 30 (4.48%). Three (0.45%) had a nerve abscess, 27 (4.02%) had a trophic ulcer and 7 (1.05%) patients had ocular complications.

Conclusion
The grade 2 deformities among newly detected leprosy patients were still high. Claw hand was the most common deformity in the upper limbs, whereas foot drop and trophic ulcer were the most common deformities in the lower limbs. Although leprosy according to the World Health Organization has been eliminated globally, the disease continues to be a significant cause of peripheral neuropathy, deformity, disability and disfigurement in some developing countries like Bangladesh.
An overview of risk investment in the transnational illegal wildlife trade from stakeholder perspectives
Authors: Brown Amber O. , Frankham Greta J. , Bond Luke , Stuart Barbara H. , Johnson Rebecca N. , Ueland Maiken 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe illegal wildlife trade (IWT) is a lucrative, clandestine trade that endangers animal welfare, damages native biodiversity and undermines the rule of law. Despite enhanced law enforcement focus and increased litigation, the illicit trade of wildlife and wildlife products has continued to flourish. The increase in the IWT can be attributed to a lack of identifiable relationships, risk functions and reward systems specific to each stakeholder in this illicit market. The increase in the IWT indicates that domestic and international regulations are not effective in their intent of preventing the illegal trade of various wildlife species. Without a clear understanding of stakeholder relationships, resources will continue to be wasted on ineffective prevention and detection methods with regards to the IWT. Law enforcement strategies rely on identifying key stakeholders in the IWT as well as their perceived motivations, risks, and relationships. These definitions may provide further insight into the motivations driving these individuals participating in this illicit market and may contribute to more successful interventions. Stakeholders and their associated roles within the IWT have been defined to serve as a tool to understand the various risk/reward utility functions in global markets. This study provides a framework support for policy makers by establishing baseline risk/reward systems for each stakeholder which can be built upon as intelligence surrounding these stakeholders increases.This article is categorized under:
Jurisprudence and Regulatory Oversight > Communication Across Science and Law
Jurisprudence and Regulatory Oversight > Interdisciplinary Collaboration
Language, Cognition, and Script Effects
Authors: Pae Hye K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis chapter begins with the discussions of what language is and the relationship between spoken language and written language, along with the early view oflanguage-is-speechin linguistics as well as awritten-language bias. A series of questions are posed and answered, covering whether we think differently according to the language we speak, whether language affects thinking or thinking affects language, and what the impact of literacy is. These questions are closely related to the linguistic relativity hypothesis. Based on empirical evidence for linguistic relativity,script relativityis proposed as an extension. Fundamental challenges in research into both linguistic relativity and script relativity are identified. The chapter ends with the introduction to this book, including the scope of the volume, terminology used throughout the book, and intended audiences.
Semantic Description of Data Mining Datasets: An Ontology-Based Annotation Schema
Authors: Kostovska Ana , Džeroski Sašo , Panov Panče 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWith the pervasiveness of data mining (DM) in many areas of our society, the management of digital data, readily available for analysis, has become increasingly important. Consequently, nearly all community accepted guidelines and principles (e.g. FAIR and TRUST) for publishing such data in the digital ecosystem, stress the importance of semantic data enhancement. Having rich semantic annotation of DM datasets would support the data mining process at various choice points, such as data understanding, automatic identification of the analysis task, and reasoning over the obtained results. In this paper, we report on the developments of an ontology-based annotation schema for semantic description of DM datasets. The annotation schema combines three different aspects of semantic annotation, i.e., annotation of provenance, data mining specific, and domain-specific information. We demonstrate the utility of these annotations in two use cases: semantic annotation of remote sensing data and data about neurodegenerative diseases.
Predicting the Health Condition of mHealth App Users with Large Differences in the Number of Recorded Observations - Where to Learn from?
Authors: Unnikrishnan Vishnu , Shah Yash , Schleicher Miro , Strandzheva Mirela , Dimitrov Plamen , Velikova Doroteya , Pryss Ruediger , Schobel Johannes , Schlee Winfried , Spiliopoulou Myra 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSome mHealth apps record user activity continuously and unobtrusively, while other apps rely by nature on user engagement and self-discipline: users are asked to enter data that cannot be assessed otherwise, e.g., on how they feel and what non-measurable symptoms they have. Over time, this leads to substantial differences in the length of the time series of recordings for the different users. In this study, we propose two algorithms for wellbeing-prediction from such time series, and we compare their performance on the users of a pilot study on diabetic patients - with time series length varying between 8 and 87 recordings.Our first approach learns a model from the few users, on which many recordings are available, and applies this model to predict the 2nd, 3rd, and so forth recording of users newly joining the mHealth platform. Our second approach rather exploits the similarity among the first few recordings of newly arriving users. Our results for the first approach indicate that the target variable for users who use the app for long are not predictive for users who use the app only for a short time. Our results for the second approach indicate that few initial recordings suffice to inform the predictive model and improve performance considerably.
Limits on CP-violating hadronic interactions and proton EDM from paramagnetic molecules
Authors: Flambaum V. V. , Samsonov I. B. , Tran Tan H. B. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Experiments with paramagnetic ground or metastable excited states of molecules (ThO, HfF+, YbF, YbOH, BaF, PbO, etc.) provide strong constraints on the electron electric dipole moment (EDM) and the coupling constant CSP of contact semileptonic interaction. We compute new contributions to CSP arising from the nucleon EDMs due to the combined electric and magnetic electron-nucleon interaction. This allows us to improve limits from the experiments with paramagnetic molecules on the CP-violating parameters, such as the proton EDM, |dp| < 1.1 × 10−23e·cm, the QCD vacuum angle, $$ \left|\overline{\theta}\right| $$

θ
¯

< 1.4 × 10−8, as well as the quark chromo-EDMs and the π-meson-nucleon couplings. Our results may also be used to search for the axion dark matter which produces oscillating $$ \overline{\theta} $$

θ
¯

.
Dark matter bound state formation in fermionic Z2 DM model with light dark photon and dark Higgs boson
Authors: Ko Pyungwon , Matsui Toshinori , Tang Yi-Lei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIf fermionic dark matter (DM) is stabilized by dark U(1) gauge symmetry that is spontaneously broken into its subgroupZ2, the particle contents of the model becomes very rich: DM and excited DM, both of them are Majorana fermions, as well as two dark force mediators, dark photon and dark Higgs boson are naturally present due to the underlying dark gauge symmetry. In this paper, we study the DM bound state formation processes within this scenario, assuming both dark photon and dark Higgs are light mediators and including the effects of excited DM. The Goldstone boson contributions to the potential matrix in the Schrödinger equations are found to be important. The emissions of a longitudinal vector boson (or somehow equivalently a Goldstone boson) during the DM bound state formations are crucial to induce a significant reannihilation process, reducing the dark matter relic abundance. Most of the stringent constraints for this kind of dark matter considered in the literature are simply evaded.
Integrable deformation of ℂPn and generalised Kähler geometry
Authors: Demulder Saskia , Hassler Falk , Piccinini Giacomo , Thompson Daniel C. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We build on the results of [1] for generalised frame fields on generalised quotient spaces and study integrable deformations for ℂPn. In particular we show how, when the target space of the Principal Chiral Model is a complex projective space, a two-parameter deformation can be introduced in principle. The second parameter can however be removed via a diffeomorphism, which we construct explicitly, in accordance with the results stemming from a thorough integrability analysis we carry out. We also elucidate how the deformed target space can be seen as an instance of generalised Kähler, or equivalently bi-Hermitian, geometry. In this respect, we find the generic form of the pure spinors for ℂPn and the explicit expression for the generalised Kähler potential for n = 1, 2.
Exact results for $$ {Z}_m^{\mathrm{OS}} $$ and $$ {Z}_2^{\mathrm{OS}} $$ with two mass scales and up to three loops
Authors: Fael Matteo , Schönwald Kay , Steinhauser Matthias 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We consider the on-shell mass and wave function renormalization constants $$ {Z}_m^{\mathrm{OS}} $$

Z
m
OS

and $$ {Z}_2^{\mathrm{OS}} $$

Z
2
OS

up to three-loop order allowing for a second non-zero quark mass. We obtain analytic results in terms of harmonic polylogarithms and iterated integrals with the additional letters $$ \sqrt{1-{\tau}^2} $$

1
−

τ
2

and $$ \sqrt{1-{\tau}^2}/\tau $$

1
−

τ
2

/
τ
which extends the findings from ref. [1] where only numerical expressions are presented. Furthermore, we provide terms of order $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(ϵ2) and $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(ϵ) at two- and three-loop order which are crucial ingredients for a future four-loop calculation. Compact results for the expansions around the zero-mass, equal-mass and large-mass cases allow for a fast high-precision numerical evaluation.
Thermal dynamic phase transition of Reissner-Nordström Anti-de Sitter black holes on free energy landscape
Authors: Li Ran , Zhang Kun , Wang Jin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe explore the thermodynamics and the underlying kinetics of the van der Waals type phase transition of Reissner-Nordström anti-de Sitter (RNAdS) black holes based on the free energy landscape. We show that the thermodynamic stabilities of the three branches of the RNAdS black holes are determined by the underlying free energy landscape topography. We suggest that the large (small) RNAdS black hole can have the probability to switch to the small (large) black hole due to the thermal fluctuation. Such a state switching process under the thermal fluctuation is taken as a stochastic process and the associated kinetics can be described by the probabilistic Fokker-Planck equation. We obtained the time dependent solutions for the probabilistic evolution by numerically solving Fokker-Planck equation with the reflecting boundary conditions. We also investigated the first passage process which describes how fast a system undergoes a stochastic process for the first time. The distributions of the first passage time switching from small (large) to large (small) black hole and the corresponding mean first passage time as well as its fluctuations at different temperatures are studied in detail. We conclude that the mean first passage time and its fluctuations are related to the free energy landscape topography through barrier heights and temperatures.
Averages of Products and Ratios of Characteristic Polynomials in Polynomial Ensembles
Authors: Akemann Gernot , Strahov Eugene , Würfel Tim R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPolynomial ensembles are a sub-class of probability measures within determinantal point processes. Examples include products of independent random matrices, with applications to Lyapunov exponents, and random matrices with an external field, that may serve as schematic models of quantum field theories with temperature. We first analyse expectation values of ratios of an equal number of characteristic polynomials in general polynomial ensembles. Using Schur polynomials, we show that polynomial ensembles constitute Giambelli compatible point processes, leading to a determinant formula for such ratios as in classical ensembles of random matrices. In the second part, we introduce invertible polynomial ensembles given, e.g. by random matrices with an external field. Expectation values of arbitrary ratios of characteristic polynomials are expressed in terms of multiple contour integrals. This generalises previous findings by Fyodorov, Grela, and Strahov. for a single ratio in the context of eigenvector statistics in the complex Ginibre ensemble.
Laser-induced softening analysis of a hardened aluminum alloy by physical simulation
Authors: Palmieri Maria Emanuela , Lorusso Vincenzo Domenico , Tricarico Luigi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe study focuses on the analysis of the softening effects of the work-hardened aluminum alloy sheets EN AW 5754 H32 1.5 mm thick, through the physical simulation of thermal cycles induced in the material by laser heat treatments (LHTs). A numerical-experimental approach was implemented to define the laser thermal cycles and to subsequently reproduce them on the GleebleTM 3180 physical simulator. The obtained softening was measured by microhardness and metallographic analysis tests. For the definition of laser thermal cycles, preliminary tests with a 2.5 kW CO2 laser source have been realized, and a three-dimensional transient finite element thermal models were developed and calibrated with the experimental results. The investigated laser heat treatment parameters explored thermal cycles with different shape, interaction time, and peak temperature. Physical simulation tests were performed using laser thermal cycles that showed the maximum softening of the aluminum alloy. A three-dimensional transient finite element thermoelectric model was developed to design the shape of the Gleeble specimens, which satisfy the heating and cooling rate required by laser thermal cycles. Results obtained show that it is possible to physically simulate the investigated laser thermal cycles, reducing the cross section of the shaped part of the specimen. Softening effects depend on the thermal cycle shape. Greater softening is observed by increasing the interaction time and the peak temperature, but beyond a peak temperature threshold value, negligible effects are detected.
Pelvic organ prolapse surgical training program in Bangladesh and Nepal improves objective patient outcomes
Authors: Hall Barbara , Goh Judith , Islam Maqsudul , Rawat Anubha 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
The DAK Foundation (Sydney) has facilitated pelvic organ prolapse (POP) repairs performed by local gynecologists for underprivileged women in Bangladesh and Nepal since 2014. Initially, there was no long-term patient follow-up. When 156 patients were examined at least 6 months after their surgery, an unacceptably high rate of prolapse recurrence and shortened vaginas was identified. This demonstrated the need for surgical up-skilling in both countries. Our hypothesis is that the introduction of a surgical training program in low-resource countries can significantly improve patient outcomes after pelvic floor surgery.

Methods
One-on-one surgical re-training was undertaken to up-skill the gynecologists in fascial vaginal repair and vaginal apical reconstruction utilizing sacrospinous fixation (SSF). Following the surgical up-skilling, a further 289 women (between 6 and 18 months post-operatively) were examined to determine patient outcomes. Outcome measures were:

Prolapse recurrence: POPQ (pelvic organ prolapse quantification [1]) ≥ stage 2

Vaginal length < 4 cm

Results
Prior to implementation of the surgical training program, 76% of patients had recurrent prolapse ≥ stage 2, and 56% had a vagina < 4 cm in length. Following the training program, prolapse recurrence was reduced to 45% with significant reductions in the apical, anterior and posterior compartments. The incidence of unacceptable vaginal shortening was 4%. We could not rely on patient symptoms to determine whether they had recurrences.

Conclusion
Clinical patient follow-up to determine surgical outcome is essential in low-resource settings. We have demonstrated that surgical up-skilling in vaginal hysterectomy, vaginal repair and introduction of SSF were necessary to achieve acceptable prolapse recurrence rates in our programs in Bangladesh and Nepal.
Quantitative Characteristics of Human-Written Short Stories as a Metric for Automated Storytelling
Authors: León Carlos , Gervás Pablo , Delatorre Pablo , Tapscott Alan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEvaluating the extent to which computer-produced stories are structured like human-invented narratives can be an important component of the quality of a story plot. In this paper, we report on an empirical experiment in which human subjects have invented short plots in a constrained scenario. The stories were annotated according to features commonly found in existing automatic story generators. The annotation was designed to measure the proportion and relations of story components that should be used in automatic computational systems for matching human behaviour. Results suggest that there are relatively common patterns that can be used as input data for identifying similarity to human-invented stories in automatic storytelling systems. The found patterns are in line with narratological models, and the results provide numerical quantification and layout of story components. The proposed method of story analysis is tested over two additional sources, the ROCStories corpus and stories generated by automated storytellers, to illustrate the valuable insights that may be derived from them.
Homozygous Smpd1 deficiency aggravates brain ischemia/ reperfusion injury by mechanisms involving polymorphonuclear neutrophils, whereas heterozygous Smpd1 deficiency protects against mild focal cerebral ischemia
Authors: Hagemann Nina , Mohamud Yusuf Ayan , Martiny Carlotta , Zhang Xiaoni , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Gunzer Matthias , Kolesnick Richard , Gulbins Erich , Hermann Dirk M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBy cleaving sphingomyelin into ceramide, which is an essential component of plasma membrane microdomains, acid sphingomyelinase (Asm) pivotally controls cell signaling. To define how the activation of the Asm/ceramide pathway, which occurs within seconds to minutes upon stress stimuli, influences brain ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, we exposed male and female wildtype mice carrying both alleles of Asm’s gene sphingomyelinase phosphodiesterase-1 (Smpd1+/+), heterozygously Asm-deficient mice (Smpd1+/−) and homozygously Asm-deficient mice (Smpd1−/−) of different age (8, 12 or 16 weeks) to 30, 60 or 90 min intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). For studying the contribution of brain-invading polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) to I/R injury, PMNs were depleted by delivery of a PMN-specific Ly6G antibody. In male and female mice exposed to 30 min, but not 60 or 90 min MCAO, homozygous Smpd1−/− consistently increased I/R injury, blood–brain barrier permeability and brain leukocyte and PMN infiltration, whereas heterozygous Smpd1+/− reduced I/R injury. Increased abundance of the intercellular leukocyte adhesion molecule ICAM-1 was noted on cerebral microvessels of Smpd1−/− mice. PMN depletion by anti-Ly6G delivery prevented the exacerbation of I/R injury in Smpd1−/− compared with wildtype mice and reduced brain leukocyte infiltrates. Our results show that Asm tempers leukocyte entry into the reperfused ischemic brain, thereby attenuating I/R injury.
Saliva pools for screening of human cytomegalovirus using real-time PCR
Authors: Fernandes Cláudia , Marques Augusta , de Jesus Chasqueira Maria , Braz Mónica Cró , Ferreira Ana Rute , Neto Ana Serrão , Mendes Cândida , Lito David , Menezes Maria-Favila , Sousa Maria José , Paixão Paulo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the leading congenital infection agent in the world. The importance of screening this infection has been debated, as 10–15% of the asymptomatic newborns with HCMV at birth will present late sequelae. The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of using saliva pools from newborns in a screening program for congenital HCMV infection, in two Portuguese hospitals. The screening was based on the use of pools of 10 saliva samples for detection of viral DNA by real-time PCR. Whenever there was a positive pool, the samples were tested individually, and for each positive sample the result was confirmed with a urine sample collected in the first 2 weeks of life. The study involved 1492 newborns. One hundred and fifty pools were screened, with 14 positive results in saliva, but only 10 were confirmed in urine samples, giving a prevalence of congenital HCMV infection in both hospitals of 0.67% (CI95% 0.36 to 1.23%).Conclusion: The overall prevalence of congenital HCMV infection in both hospitals was 0.67%. The use of saliva pools proved to be effective for the screening of this congenital infection, allowing timely screening and confirmation in a large population, with associated cost reduction.

What is Known:• Newborn screening for HCMV is desirable.• Saliva is a good and practical sample.

What is New:• The feasibility of using saliva pools for a large-scale screening.• The cost reduction of this strategy.