PENGARUH VARIETAS DAN POLA TANAM KAPAS TERHADAP KELIMPAHAN POPULASI PREDATOR HAMA PENGISAP DAUN Amrasca biguttula (ISHIDA)
Authors: INDRAYANI IGAA. , NURINDAH NURINDAH , SUJAK SUJAK 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRAK<br />Penanaman varietas tahan hama adalah salah satu cara pengendalian<br />serangga hama pengisap daun, A. biguttula, yang telah diadopsi petani<br />kapas di Indonesia. Penggunaan varietas tahan hama cukup efektif<br />menekan serangan hama pengisap ini. Namun demikian, peluang adanya<br />cara pengendalian alternatif patut dipertimbangkan, misalnya memanfaat-<br />kan faktor mortalitas biotik A. biguttula, seperti musuh alami. Penelitian<br />pengaruh varietas dan pola tanam kapas terhadap perkembangan populasi<br />predator hama pengisap daun A. biguttula telah dilakukan di Kebun<br />Percobaan Asembagus, Situbondo, dan di laboratorium Entomologi Balai<br />Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat di Malang, mulai Januari sampai<br />Desember 2005. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh<br />perbedaan varietas dan pola tanam kapas terhadap perkembangan predator<br />A. biguttula. Perlakuan terdiri atas dua faktor, yaitu faktor I adalah varietas<br />kapas dengan tingkat ketahanan terhadap A. biguttula berbeda-beda, yaitu:<br />(1) TAMCOT SP37 (peka), (2) Kanesia 7 (moderat), dan (3) LRA 5166<br />(tahan). Faktor II adalah pola tanam kapas, yaitu: (1) monokultur, dan (2)<br />tumpangsari dengan kedelai. Setiap perlakuan disusun secara faktorial<br />dengan rancangan petak terbagi (Split Plot) dengan tiga kali ulangan.<br />Parameter pengamatannya adalah populasi nimfa A. biguttula dan<br />predator. Di laboratorium dilakukan uji pemangsaan terhadap predator<br />terpilih dengan cara memberi umpan nimfa A. biguttula untuk mengetahui<br />kemampuannya memangsa per hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa<br />perbedaan tingkat ketahanan varietas terhadap A. biguttula mempengaruhi<br />perkembangan populasi kompleks predator. Lebih banyak predator<br />ditemukan pada TAMCOT SP37 dan Kanesia 7 dibanding pada LRA<br />5166. Sedangkan perbedaan pola tanam tidak menyebabkan perbedaan<br />populasi predator. Kapas monokultur maupun tumpangsari dapat<br />menyediakan lingkungan ideal bagi perkembangan kompleks predator.<br />Laba-laba dan Paederus sp. adalah predator yang populasinya lebih<br />dominan dibanding predator lainnya. Pada uji pemangsaan di<br />laboratorium, Paederus sp. mampu memangsa 15-25 nimfa A. biguttula<br />instar kecil dan 10-20 instar besar, sedangkan laba-laba per hari<br />memangsa 2-12 nimfa A. biguttula instar kecil dan besar.<br />Kata kunci: Kapas, Gossypium hirsutum, hama, Amrasca biguttula,<br />Paederus sp., nimfa, mortalitas biotik, varietas, pola tanam,<br />Jawa Timur<br />ABSTRACT<br />Effect of variety and cropping pattern of cotton on<br />population density of insect predator Amrasca biguttula<br />(Ishida)<br />Planting resistant variety of cotton is one of cultural method for<br />controlling sucking insect pest, A. biguttula. This method has widely been<br />applied by cotton farmers in Indonesia. Nevertheless, alternative control<br />should also be found to obtain better control of this pest, e.g. biological<br />control by using parasitoids and predators. Study on effect of variety and<br />cropping pattern of cotton to population density of insect predator of A.<br />biguttula was carried out at Asembagus Experimental Station and in<br />Entomology Laboratory of Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber Crops Institute<br />in Malang from January to December 2005. The objective of study was to<br />study the effect of variety and cropping pattern of cotton to population<br />density of insect predators. Treatment consists of two factors. The first<br />factor was cotton variety based on resistance to A. biguttula, viz.<br />TAMCOT SP37, Kanesia 7, and LRA 5166 known susceptible,<br />intermediate, and resistant to A. biguttula, respectively. The second factor<br />was cropping system with monoculture and intercropping with soybean.<br />Each treatments was arranged in Split Plot Design with three replications.<br />Parameter observed in field study were population of A. biguttula and its<br />predators. While, the laboratory study was to find out the daily prey<br />ability of selected predator by baiting nymph of A. biguttula.<br />The result showed that difference resistance of cotton variety<br />influenced the population density of insect predator. More insect predators<br />were found on TAMCOT SP37 and Kanesia 7 compared to LRA 5166,<br />while the density of insect predator was not affected by different cropping<br />pattern and it was due to the patterns provided better environment for<br />insect predator development. Spider and Paederus sp. were the dominant<br />insect predators found in the field because their population higher than<br />those other predators. Laboratory study showed that Paederus sp. preyed<br />15-25 younger and 10-20 older instar of nymph per day, while spider ate<br />2-12 nymphs of both age of A. biguttula per day.<br />Key words: Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, pest, Amrasca biguttula,<br />Paederus sp., nymph, biotic mortality, variety, cropping<br />pattern, East Java