bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P.30 Angiotensin II Infusion Leads to Aortic Dissection in LRP8 Deficient Mice
Authors: Lagrange Jeremy , Finger Stefanie , Kossmann Sabine , Garlapati Venkata , Ruf Wolfram , Wenzel Philip 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background/Objectives
Myeloid cells are crucial for the development of vascular infammation. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8 (LRP8) or Apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2), is expressed by macrophages, endothelial cells and platelets and has been implicated in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Our aim was to evaluate the role of LRP8, in particular from immune cells, in the development of vascular inflammation.

Methods
LRP8+/+ and LRP8−/− mice (on B6;129S background) were infused with angiotensin II (AngII, 1 mg/kg/day for 7 to 28 day) using osmotic minipumps. Blood pressure was recorded using tail cuff measurements. Vascular reactivity was assessed in isolated aortic segments. Leukocyte activation and infiltration were assessed by flow cytometry of aortic tissue and intravital videomicroscopy imaging. Histological analysis of aortic sections was conducted using sirius red staining.

Results
AngII infusion worsened endothelial-dependent vascular relaxation and immune cells rolling and adherence to the carotid artery in both LRP8+/+ as well as LRP8−/− mice. However, only LRP8−/− mice demonstrated a drastically increased mortality rate in response to AngII due to aortic dissection. Bone marrow transplantation revealed that chimeras with LRP8 deficient myeloid cells phenocopied LRP8−/− mice.

Conclusion
AngII-infused LRP8 deficient mice could be a useful animal model to study aortic dissection reflecting the lethality of this disease in humans.
P.37 An Assessment of Potential Sources of Error that May Arise in the Measurement of Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity
Authors: Cox James , Tan Isabella , Avolio Alberto , Butlin Mark 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) approximates aortic stiffness and is a predictor of cardiovascular events. Despite the literature highlighting the clinical relevance of cfPWV, there is minimal integration of this parameter in clinical assessments. An underlying reason may stem from potential measurement errors. This paper investigates the potential sources of error in the measurement of cfPWV.

Methods
Participants (n = 15, age 30 ± 15 years, 12 female) had supine cfPWV measured using the SphygmoCor XCEL device. Sources of error investigated included: 1) operator experience; 2) poor carotid waveform acquisition; 3) low placement of the leg cuff; and 4) tape measurement of distance. True cfPWV was obtained by averaging twenty cfPWV measurements (regression to the mean). Comparisons were made with regression analysis and Bland-Altman plots.

Results
All cfPWV measurements, for both the experienced and less experienced operator, were within ± 0.5 m/s of the true cfPWV when three (but not two) measurements were averaged. cfPWV acquired with a poor carotid waveform and lower placed leg cuf did not significantly differ from the measured cfPWV (p > 0.05), however, there were some physiological meaningful errors (cfPWV error > ± 0.5 m/s). Excluding four distance measurements, three of which made by the same operator for a single individual, all distance measurements were within 5% of the true distance.

Conclusions
Irrespective of the operators’ experience, with good cuff placement and carotid waveform acquisition, three measurements quantifies cfPWV accurately. Measurement error should not be a factor in the lack of clinical uptake of cfPWV.
P.38 Comparison of Arterial Hemodynamics in Early Vascular Aging (EVA), Average Vascular Aging (AVA) and Healthy Vascular Aging (HVA)
Authors: Lin Chen-hua , Cheng Hao-Min , Ko Yu-Ting , Peng Li-Ning , Chen Liang-Kung , Chen Chen-Huan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Large artery stiffening, as indexed by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), may vary substantially among individuals. The present study aimed to characterize the arterial mechanical properties of the macro- and microvasculature in subjects with early or healthy vascular aging (EVA, HVA).

Methods
Carotid and femoral pressure and central flow waveforms were noninvasively acquired in a total of 873 community residents (aged ≥50 years, mean age 66.9 years, 69.2% female). They were classified as EVA and HVA, according to the highest and lowest 10% of the cfPWV stratified by 5-year intervals. The remaining 80% were defined as average vascular aging (AVA). Macrovascular and microvascular functions were characterized by aortic input impedance, systemic vascular resistance and wave reflection indices.

Results
EVA subjects had significantly higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes. In multivariable analysis adjusting for sex, height, weight and mean arterial pressure (MAP), EVA had significantly increased characteristic impedance and reduced arterial compliance. By contrast, for the microvascular functions, systemic vascular resistance (not adjusted for MAP), amplitude of the reflected wave (Pb) and excess pressure integral (XSPI) derived from the reservoir-wave analysis were significantly increased in EVA when compared with HVA or AVA (all p < 0.05). Primary determinants of HVA included female, lower value of XSPI and SVR, whereas determinants of EVA included male, elevated BP, metabolic syndrome, increased Pb and SVR.

Conclusions
Systemic microvasculature play an important role in interacting with macrovasculature, as evidenced from increased or reduced systemic resistance and wave reflection, in subjects with HVA and EVA.
P.43 The Association Between Early Vascular Aging and Cyclothymic Affective Temperament
Authors: Vecsey-Nagy Milan , Szilveszter Bálint , Kolossváry Márton , Gonda Xénia , Rihmer Zoltán , Merkely Béla , Maurovich-Horvat Pál , Nemcsik János 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Affective temperaments (depressive, anxious, irritable, hyperthymic, cyclothymic) are regarded as the biologically stable core of personality, and accumulating data implies their relationship with cardiovascular diseases. There are currently limited data on the association of affective temperaments and early vascular aging. The aim of our study was to assess the potential relationship of affective temperaments and vascular age, as assessed by coronary CT.

Methods
In our current cross-sectional study, 209 patients referred to coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) due to suspected coronary artery disease (CAD), were included. After the evaluation of medical history and demographic parameters, all patients completed the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Vascular age was estimated using coronary artery calcium (CAC) score and we calculated its difference from chronological age for each patient. Linear regression analysis was applied to identify predictors of early vascular aging in the entire cohort and in male and female sub-populations, separately.

Results
The independent predictors of early vascular aging were female sex (B = −10.82 [95% CI: −15.30 – −6.33]), diabetes mellitus (B = 7.16 [95% CI: 1.20 – 13.12]) and dyslipidemia (B = −8.28 [95% CI: 3.94 – 12.62]). Further assessing gender differences, cyclothymic temperament score proved to be an independent predictor of early vascular aging in women (B = 0.89 [95% CI: 0.04 – 1.75]), while this association was absent in men.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that cyclothymic affective temperament contribute to early vascular aging in women.
P.49 Aortic Root Longitudinal Strain by Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography: Comparison with Cardiac Magnetic Resonance and Predictive Value in Marfan Syndrome Patients
Authors: Guala Andrea , Pons Maria Isabel , Ruiz-Muñoz Aroa , Dux-Santoy Lydia , Madrenas Laura , Gandara Minerva , Valente Filipa , Lopez-Sainz Angela , Galian Laura , Gutierrez Laura , Sao-Aviles Augusto , Gonzalez-Alujas Teresa , Ferreira Ignacio , Evangelista Arturo , Rodriguez-Palomares Jose , Teixido-Tura Gisela 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Low longitudinal strain of the ascending aorta (AAo) by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) predicts dilation and aortic events in Marfan syndrome (MFS) [1], possibly reflecting aortic stiffness [2]. Speckle-tracking is established for cardiac deformation, but proximal aorta applications are challenging due to wall thickness and substantial motion. We aimed to validate a purpose-specific speckle-tracking tool for root longitudinal strain analysis by comparison with CMR-derived AAo longitudinal strain and as predictor of dilation in MFS patients.

Methods
CMR feature-tracking [1] and echocardiography speckle-tracking where applied to 25 MFS patients free from previous aortic surgery by a single observer blind to clinical data. For echocardiography, two regions of interests were manually created covering both walls in a parasternal long-axis view and tracked along the cardiac cycle. Longitudinal strain was computed as the average of maximum increase in relative distance of several sub-regions covering both walls. Aortic diameter was measured on CMR images.

Results
Both techniques were successfully applied to all patients. Aortic root longitudinal strain by echocardiography was linearly related to CMR-derived AAo longitudinal strain (R = 0.573, p = 0.003, Figure A) and was higher (20.4 ± 8.4 vs 10.5 ± 3.8), especially at higher absolute values (Figure B). After a mean follow up of 45 ± 13 months, aortic root diameter growth rate was 0.27 ± 0.3 mm/year. In multivariable analysis corrected for root diameter and heart rate (p = 0.083 and 0.005, respectively), baseline longitudinal strain by echocardiography was independently related to progressive dilation (B = −0.017, p = 0.005).

Conclusion
Aortic root longitudinal strain by echocardiography is related to CMR-derived AAo longitudinal strain and is an independent predictor of progressive dilation in MFS patients.
P.55 Dietary Nitrate Prevents Progression of Carotid Subclinical Atherosclerosis Through BP-Independent Mechanisms in Patients with or at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Results from the Double-Blind, Randomized-Controlled, Factorial Vasera Trial
Authors: Morselli Franca , Faconti Luca , Mills Charlotte E , Morant Steve , Chowienczyk Philip J , Cruickshank J Kennedy , Webb Andrew J , Cavarape Alessandro 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Epidemiological and animal studies suggest the potential of dietary nitrate (NO3− ) to inhibit atherogenesis. Spironolactone may improve arterial stiffness. We tested if 6 months’ intervention with dietary nitrate and spironolactone could affect carotid subclinical atherosclerosis and stiffness versus placebo/doxazosin, to control for blood pressure (BP), in a population with or at risk of type 2 diabetes [1].

Methods
A subgroup of participants in our double-blind, randomized-controlled, factorial VaSera trial were randomized to nitrate-containing beetroot juice or nitrate-depleted juice, and spironolactone or doxazosin. Ultrasound for carotid diameter (CD, mm) and intima-media thickness (CIMT, mm) was performed at baseline, 3- and 6-months.
Carotid stiffness (CS, m/s) was estimated from aortic pulse pressure (Arteriograph®) and carotid lumen area. Data was analysed by modified intention-to-treat and mixed-model effect, adjusted for confounders.

Results
93 participants had a baseline evaluation; 86% had follow-up data. No statistical interactions occurred between the juice and drug arms. BP was similar between the juices and between the drugs. CIMT was significantly lower following nitrate-containing, compared with placebo juice [−0.06 (95% Confidence Interval −0.12, −0.01), p = 0.022], with no effect on CD. CS reduction was similar between juices [−0.38(−0.67, −0.10) with placebo, −0.13 (−0.42, 0.16) with active juice] and the drugs [−0.30(−0.58, −0.02) with doxazosin, −0.21(−0.51, 0.09), with spironolactone]. No differences were detected between spironolactone or doxazosin on CIMT and CD.

Conclusion
6 months’ intervention with dietary nitrate influences vascular remodelling, but not carotid stiffness or diameter. Neither spironolactone nor doxazosin had a BP-independent effect on carotid structure and function.
ANALISIS PRODUKSI DAN PENDAPATAN PETANI PALA (Myristica fragrans) DI NEGERI HILA, KECAMATAN LEIHITU, KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH
Authors: Ridjayanti Risna , Pattiasina Margaretha , Kembauw Esther 
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi dan pendapatan petani pala di Negeri Hila Kecamatan Leihitu Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. responden dipilih dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling (sengaja). Alat analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi linear berganda dan analisis pendapatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modal (X1), luas lahan (X2), penggunaan benih (X3), dan tenaga kerja (X4) berpengaruh nyata secara simultan terhadap produksi pala (Y) dan modal (X1), luas lahan (X2), penggunaan benih (X3), dan tenaga kerja (X4) berpengaruh nyata secara parsial terhadap produksi pala (Y) di Negeri Hila, Kecamatan Leihitu, Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa total pendapatan responden sebesar Rp. 409.990.750,- per tahun dengan rata-rata pendapatan sebesar Rp. 11.080.831,- per tahun.
POPULISME, PILKADA DAN MASA DEPAN DEMOKRASI
Authors: Tan Peter 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Populism has risen to become a contemporary political phenomenon at both the global, national and local levels. Electoral contestations, including the election of district heads or “Pilkada”, were infiltrated by populist political practices. In this paper, I mostly use the perspective of political philosophy on populism. The main thesis of this paper is that populism threatens the existence of democracy when populist actors and politicians exploit the ethnic and religious sentiments of the voters, or exploit the people's vulnerabilities as mere populist narratives and rhetoric to win the electoral support. On the other hand, the discourse on antagonism in left populism is able to make a positive contribution to democracy as long as it is always placed within the framework of an antagonistic democratic discourse. Within the framework of antagonistic democracy, left populism consistently exposes the depravity of power, constructs the “people” as a group that opposes the oligarchic and neoliberal elites, and struggles for the right to social justice of the oppressed. This politico-philosophical analysis of populism is relevant in reflecting on the moments of electoral contestations such as the election of district heads (Pilkada) and on the fight for a better future of democracy.
IMPACT OF FEMALE SCHOOL TEACHERS’ DRESS CODE ON JOB PERFORMANCES: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN SAGA CITY, JAPAN
Authors: Jayasooriya U.G.L.B. , De Silva Saliya , Wanigasundera Wanigasundera Appuhamillage Don Padmasiri 
Published: December 2020

The dress is an integral part of a profession. The research focuses on the dress codes of school teachers in Japan. Japan has relaxed the dress norms of school teachers over the years from a traditional/formal dress to a casual dress. We intended to examine if this change has a significant effect on the self-perceived job performance among school teachers in Japan with the purpose of seeking recommendations for many Asian countries like Sri Lanka in which traditional dress norms applied to teachers have not changed much or at all. A combined qualitative and quantitative study was conducted with three chosen prefectural schools in the Saga city, Japan. The qualitative study was a thematic analysis based on in-depth interviews with five selected school teachers. The quantitative study (n=30) was a descriptive cross-sectional study. A culturally validated, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on socio- demographic characteristics and dress code from the study sample. Self-perceived comfort level and effect of the dress code on performing their jobs were assessed on a set of given scenarios related to their profession. The responses were recorded on a five-point Likert scale. The subjects aged from 26 to 61 years old (mean =44±8 years). Wilcoxon Signed- Rank test indicated that the self-reported mean comfort score for casual dress of 25.75 is significantly higher than that of Kimono (mean score =10.77, p=.000). Most respondents believed that their job performance could be affected by the way they dress. According to the in-depth interviews, it was revealed that, compared to the traditional Kimono, the casual dress is convenient and comfortable for the duties they perform. Thus, the study reveals that Japan sets an example for the countries that are more concerned about embodying cultural symbols in the appearance of teachers rather than their convenience and efficiency: Japan has been successful in relaxing dress norms while sustaining the quality of education and cultural values.
Attitude of women and their husbands regarding prenatal invasive testing attending genetic clinic at a tertiary referral center, India
Authors: Koirala Namu , Kafle Shyam P. 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Prenatal Invasive Tests (amniocentesis and chorionic villous sampling) are used during pregnancy for detection of genetic anomalies. Due to the fear of fetal loss or various other reasons, the couples who seek to avail these tests areusually in dilemma though the chances of fetal loss following the invasive tests are very minimal.
Objectives: To assess the attitude ofhigh-risk pregnantwomen and their husbands regarding the prenatal invasive tests who are referred to the genetic clinic of a tertiary referral center in India.
Methodology: A descriptive, cross sectionalstudy was undertaken in 60 pregnantwomen who came to genetic clinic at a tertiary referral center in Indiafor counseling on the prenatal invasive testing. Conveniencesampling technique was used. Data was collected using a self-developed, validated semi structured questionnaire. There were total 14 items in the questionnaire where the response “Yes” was given score 3, “Uncertain/did not think about it” was given score 2 and “No” was given score 1. Maximum score was 42 and minimum was 14. The subjects were contacted by the principal investigator after the counseling for test was done by the trained counselor. The questionnaire was also administered separately to 49 accompanying husbands to assess their attitude regarding the tests. Mean, percentage, standard deviation, range and Pearson’s correlation were calculated.SPSS 16.0 version was used for data analysis.
Results: Almost half of the women reported that they had adequate information regarding the test following counselling. Both the women and their husbands had unfavorable attitude towards the tests i.e. 21.98 ± 5.44 and 22.27 ± 5.11 respectively despite adequate information following counselling. The main reasons for declining the tests were fear of identification of birth defects, fear of termination of pregnancy and influence by other family membersother than their husbands. There was a significant positive correlation between the attitude of women and their husbands towards declining the prenatal invasive tests (r=0.973) at p<0.05.
Conclusion: The pregnant women as well as their husbands had unfavorable attitudes towards prenatal invasive tests despite adequate information following counsellingsuggesting congruency indecision makingregarding the invasive tests.
Pattern of Maxillofacial Injuries in Pediatric Patients – A Hospital Based Retrospective Study
Authors: Mishra Ravish , Yadav Deepak , Kandel Laxmi , Tripathi Shashank , Pahari Bikash , Shubham Snigdha , Gautam Narayan 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Maxillofacial injuries are less frequent in children than adults and are more often minimally displaced. Literature reveals that the incidence of maxillofacial injuries accounts for 1% - 14.7% in children below age 16 years. There is lack of information on epidemiological data for pediatric maxillofacial injury from Nepal.
Objectives: The objective of the study is to determine the pattern of maxillofacial injuries in the pediatric population who had been treated in one of the tertiary level hospitals in western Nepal.
Methodology: Among 303 cases of maxillofacial trauma registered between March 2017 to February 2019 at UCMS College of Dental Surgery, Bhairahawa, Rupandehi, Nepal; 57 cases of pediatric maxillofacial injuries that were admitted and received treatment were enrolled in the study. Parameters recorded were demographic data, mode of injury, the pattern of maxillofacial injuries and treatment provided.
Results: Majority of patients were males (66.67%) among which 51% were adolescents (12-16 years). The mode of injury was road traffic accidents (77.2%) in most cases. Mandibular fractures were commonly seen in which parasymphysis region (40%) was common anatomic site. Most of the injured patients (45.6%) were managed with open reduction and internal fixation. Post-operative results were uneventful.
Conclusion: The road traffic accident was the predominant mode for injury. Mandible is one of the most commonly involved bones to get a fracture. Good traffic sense needs to be imbibed and developed by the government as well as the public to prevent road traffic accidents. In addition, children need to carry out their outdoor activities under adult supervision.
Knowledge and Attitude towards Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation among Students of a Dental College
Authors: Pun Dilli Bahadur , Thapa Bobby , Shrestha Prashanna , Chaudhary Sonam , Pandey Nashib , Chaurasia Lokeshwar 
Published: December 2020

Background and Objectives: Survival after cardiopulmonary arrest depends on early and effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Demand for courses of basic life support (BLS)/CPR is increasing worldwide. Till date, there have been little reports regarding CPR knowledge and attitude among the Nepalese dental health personnel. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude towards CPR among undergraduate dental students, interns and postgraduate residents studying at Kantipur Dental College and Teaching Hospital (KDCH), Kathmandu, Nepal.
Material and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 243 dental students studying at KDCH. Data was collected through a self -administered semi-structured questionnaire. Collected data was organized, recorded, coded and then analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) version 16. Descriptive statistics was used to compute mean, percentile, standard deviation and one way ANOVA test was done to compare the mean knowledge score between different academic levels of the students at 95% level of significance.
Results: The mean knowledge and attitude score towards CPR among the dental students was 8.05±2.85 and 4.63±0.51 respectively. Out of total students, only few (5.8%) had adequate knowledge whereas all (100%) had a positive attitude towards CPR. The mean score for the pre-clinical students (7.26 ±2.38) was significantly (p=0.001) lower than clinical students (8.44 ±3.23), interns and residents (8.85 ±2.54).
Conclusion: The present study showed inadequate knowledge regarding CPR among dental students of different academic levels but they have a positive attitude towards it. The integration of CPR in the early year of the curriculum along with regular training of CPR in succeeding years will enhance their knowledge.