bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acinic cell carcinoma of the salivary gland in the adult and paediatric population: a survival analysis
Authors: Sideris Anders , Rao Amshuman , Maher Nigel , Parker Andrew , Crawford Julia , Smee Robert , Jacobson Ian , Gallagher Richard 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAcinic cell carcinoma (AcCC) is a rare malignant neoplasm of the salivary glands and generally considered to be a low‐grade tumour. Surgical treatment is often curative, but a more aggressive high‐grade variant has been associated with poorer survival and propensity for distant metastasis. No standard treatment guidelines exist and the approach to treatment is varied in the published series. The aim of this study is to present the experience of three major hospitals in Sydney, Australia, in treating AcCC of the salivary gland, with a focus on clinico‐pathological features of disease and their associations with survival outcomes.MethodsAdult and paediatric cases of AcCC of the salivary gland during the time period 1979–2018 were retrospectively included. Demographic, clinico‐pathological, treatment and survival outcome data were extracted. Survival analysis was undertaken to assess the effect of clinical and pathological variables on overall and disease‐free survival.ResultsThirty‐two cases were reviewed (29 adult and three paediatric). Thirty tumours (93.8%) were parotid gland primary tumours. Mean overall and disease‐free survival was 17.0 ± 0.7 and 16.0 ± 0.9 years, respectively. Features associated with poorer survival were cT staging >1, presence of preoperative clinical facial nerve deficit and local recurrence. Positive margins were associated with recurrence.ConclusionThese data suggest that disease‐free and overall survival in AcCC of the salivary gland is excellent with surgery as the first‐line treatment. Poor survival outcomes are uncommon and may be associated with locally advanced disease in the presence of other well‐established high‐risk features.
Comparative performance of head ultrasound and MRI in detecting preterm brain injury and predicting outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Guillot Mireille , Sebastianski Meghan , Lemyre Brigitte 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo systematically review the literature to compare the performance of head ultrasound (HUS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in their ability to detect brain injury and their predictive value for neurodevelopmental outcomes.MethodsThis was a systematic review based on literature search in three electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library) and additional sources for studies on routine brain injury screening in preterm neonates published during 2000–May 2020. Studies were included if they reported on the comparative performance of HUS and MRI in detecting preterm brain injury and/or their predictive value for neurodevelopmental outcomes. Findings from the included studies underwent narrative synthesis.ResultsForty‐six studies were included. In comparison with HUS, MRI detected more anomalies and provided more details on the severity and the extent of preterm brain injury, particularly for white matter injury and cerebellar haemorrhage. Neonatal neuroimaging predicted outcomes with high negative predictive value but relatively low positive predictive value. The prognostic value of neonatal neuroimaging varied according to several factors including modality and timing of imaging, and tools used for grading brain injury.ConclusionCompared with HUS, MRI offers a better characterisation of preterm brain injury and may enhance the ability to predict neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Clinical significance of CD28 gene‐related activating alterations in adult T‐cell leukaemia/lymphoma
Authors: Sakamoto Yuma , Ishida Takashi , Masaki Ayako , Takeshita Morishige , Iwasaki Hiromi , Yonekura Kentaro , Tashiro Yukie , Ito Asahi , Kusumoto Shigeru , Utsunomiya Atae , Iida Shinsuke , Ueda Ryuzo , Inagaki Hiroshi 
Published: November 2020

SummaryMultiple oncogenic events are involved in the development of adult T‐cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATL). Because CD28 plays a pivotal role in T‐cell activation, we focused on alterations of the CD28 gene in ATL. We found multiple genetic abnormalities related to CD28 among the 144 patients enrolled in the present study. These involved gene fusions with the cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated antigen 4 or the inducible T‐cell co‐stimulator in 14 patients (10%), CD28‐activating mutations in 3 (2%), and CD28 copy number variations in 34 (24%). Patients with such CD28 gene alterations were significantly younger than those without. In patients not receiving allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, those with CD28 gene alterations tended to have a worse prognosis than those without. Finally, patients with chronic or smouldering ATL subtypes with CD28 gene alterations had a significantly worse prognosis than those without. These findings indicate that ATL, especially chronic or smouldering subtypes, have a more aggressive clinical course and are more refractory to conventional chemotherapies or mogamulizumab if they harbour CD28 gene alterations, likely because of continuous, prolonged, and enhanced CD28 activatory signalling. Novel treatment strategies to overcome the effects of these CD28 gene alterations are warranted.
Simplified AIT for allergy to several tree pollens—Arguments from the immune outcome analyses following treatment with SQ tree SLIT‐tablet
Authors: Würtzen Peter Adler , Grønager Pernille Milvang , Lund Gitte , Gupta Shashank , Andersen Peter Sejer , Biedermann Tilo , Ipsen Henrik 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe SQ tree SLIT‐tablet (containing birch extract) proved clinically significant effects during the pollen season for birch as well as alder/hazel. Immune outcomes of this treatment for allergens from multiple birch homologous trees need further investigation. We hypothesize that birch pollen extract AIT modulates a highly cross‐reactive immune response and that this may be the basis for the observed clinical cross‐protection.MethodsBlood samples were collected from 397 birch allergic patients during SQ tree SLIT‐tablet or placebo treatment (1:1) for up to 40 weeks. Serum IgE and IgG4 specific to birch, and birch homologous tree pollens from alder, hazel, hornbeam, beech and chestnut were measured by ImmunoCAP. IgE‐Blocking Factor (IgE‐BF) for alder, birch and hazel during treatment was measured by Advia Centaur and blocking effects for birch and all these birch homologous tree pollens were further investigated by basophil activation (BAT). Antibody readouts were investigated in patient subsets. T‐cell responses (proliferation) to allergen extracts and peptide pools (group 1 allergens) were investigated in T‐cell lines from 29 untreated birch pollen‐allergic individuals.ResultsSignificant Pearson correlations between serum IgE towards birch, alder, hazel, hornbeam and beech were observed (r‐values > .86). T‐cell reactivity was observed throughout the birch homologous group. Almost identical kinetics for changes in IgE towards birch, alder and hazel were observed during treatment and similar species‐specific changes were seen for serum‐IgG4. IgG4 reactivity towards birch and alder, hazel, hornbeam and beech correlated significantly at end‐of‐treatment (r‐values > .72). Treatment resulted in similar IgE‐BF kinetics for alder, birch, and hazel and blocking of BAT for multiple trees in most actively treated patients investigated.ConclusionsSystematic analyses of T‐cell and antibody cross‐reactivities before and during birch pollen extract AIT provide the immunological basis for the observed clinical effect of SQ tree SLIT‐tablet treatment of tree pollen allergy induced by multiple trees in the birch homologous group.
Basal cell carcinomas of the scalp after radiotherapy for tinea capitis in childhood: A genetic and epigenetic study with comparison with basal cell carcinomas evolving in chronically sun‐exposed areas
Authors: Cardoso José Carlos , Ribeiro Ilda Patrícia , Caramelo Francisco , Tellechea Oscar , Barbosa de Melo Joana , Marques Carreira Isabel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) has been mostly associated with sun exposure, but ionizing radiation is also a known risk factor. It is not clear if the pathogenesis of BCC, namely at a genomic and epigenetic level, differs according to the underlying triggering factors.ObjectiveThe present study aims to compare genetic and epigenetic changes in BCCs related to ionizing radiation and chronic sun exposure.MethodsTumor samples from BCCs of the scalp in patients submitted to radiotherapy to treat tinea capitis in childhood and BCCs from sun‐exposed areas were analysed through array comparative genomic hybridization (array‐CGH) and methylation‐specific multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MS‐MLPA) to detect copy number alterations and methylation status of specific genes.ResultsGenomic characterization of tumor samples revealed several copy number gains and losses in all chromosomes, with the most frequent gains observed at 2p, 6p, 12p, 14q, 15q, 18q, Xp and Yp, and the most frequent losses observed at 3q, 14q, 16p, 17q, 22q, Xp, Yp and Yq. We developed a statistical model, encompassing gains in 3p and 16p and losses in 14q and 20p, with potential to discriminate BCC samples with sporadic aetiology from BCC samples that evolve after radiotherapy in childhood for the treatment of tinea capitis, which presented statistical significance (P = 0.003). Few methylated genes were detected through MS‐MLPA, most frequently RARB and CD44.ConclusionsOur study represents a step forward in the understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of BCC and suggests potential differences according to the underlying risk factors.
Analytical stress intensity factors and Jk‐integrals of periodic and collinear interface cracks between dissimilar orthotropic materials
Authors: Tafreshi Azam 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper introduces an analytical expression for the stress intensity factors at the crack tips of a row of periodic and collinear cracks between infinite dissimilar orthotropic materials. The analytical Jk‐integrals of these traction‐free cracks have been presented for different material combinations, ‘crack length’/‘interval width’ ratios (λ) and various in‐plane loading conditions. Some of the analytical Jk‐integrals have been compared with the numerical values computed using the boundary element crack shape sensitivities which are in good agreement. For any in‐plane loading condition of a bimaterial plate with periodic and collinear interface cracks, the normalised J1‐integral is almost independent of λ, but there is a slight variation in the normalised J2‐integral with respect to λ. This is provided that the normalising factor is the strain energy release rate of a homogeneous plate made from one of the materials with the same ratio of λ and subject to the same loading condition.
Contact force ablation of accessory pathways in pediatric patients
Authors: Pook Caitlin , Kuhn Evelyn , Singh Anoop , Kovach Joshua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionContact force (CF) catheters provide feedback confirming adequate tissue contact for optimal lesion size and minimal complications. CF ablation catheters have resulted in decreased procedure times and improved outcomes for ablation of atrial fibrillation in adults. There is limited data evaluating CF use for accessory pathway (AP) ablation or in pediatric patients. The aim of our study was to compare a cohort who underwent AP ablation with a CF catheter to historical controls, evaluating for differences in procedure times, number of lesions, and outcomes.MethodsA retrospective chart review of CF ablation cases at Children's Wisconsin performed between June 2015 to April 2018 was compared to a historical control cohort of traditional radiofrequency (RF) ablations between June 2012 and June 2015. 43 patients with APs underwent 49 CF ablation procedures (18 males, 13.6 ± 3 years old) and a control cohort consisted of 77 procedures in 69 patients (38 males, 12.4 ± 4 years).ResultsThe groups did not differ significantly on procedure time (CF 2.01 ± 0.48 h, control 1.53 ± 0.48 h, p = .37), or total lesions administered (CF and control 7 ± 6 lesions, p = .89). CF cases showed a trend toward improvement in acute success (98% CF, 90% controls, p = .15) though with increased recurrence compared to controls (13% CF, 4.3% controls, p = .16), neither being statistically significant.ConclusionOur study suggests that ablation outcomes using CF are comparable to traditional RF ablation in pediatric patients with APs.
Pause‐dependent mitral isthmus conduction block during ablation of the mitral isthmus: What is the mechanism?
Authors: Kamakura Tsukasa , Chauvel Remi , Duchateau Josselin , Derval Nicolas , Pambrun Thomas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMitral isthmus (MI) ablation is commonly performed as an adjunct therapy to pulmonary isolation during the treatment for persistent atrial fibrillation. Confirmation of complete MI block is essential because an incomplete MI block may result in iatrogenic atrial tachycardia. However, there are several pitfalls in the diagnosis of an MI line block. We herein report a case of transient pause‐dependent MI block during MI ablation.
Extinction and the temporal distribution of macroevolutionary bursts
Authors: De Lisle Stephen P. , Punzalan David , Rollinson Njal , Rowe Locke 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPhenotypic evolution through deep time is slower than expected from microevolutionary rates. This is the paradox of stasis. Previous models suggest stasis occurs because populations track adaptive peaks that remain relatively stable on million‐year intervals, raising the equally perplexing question of why these large changes are so rare. Here, we consider the possibility that peaks can move more rapidly than populations can adapt, resulting in extinction. We model peak movement with explicit population dynamics, parameterized with published microevolutionary estimates. Allowing extinction greatly increases the parameter space of peak movements that yield the appearance of stasis observed in real data through deep time. Extreme peak displacements, regardless of their frequency, will rarely result in an equivalent degree of trait evolution because of extinction. Thus, larger peak displacements will rarely be inferred using trait data from extant species or observed in fossil records. Our work highlights population ecology as an important contributor to macroevolutionary dynamics, presenting an alternative perspective on the paradox of stasis, where apparent constraint on phenotypic evolution in deep time reflects our restricted view of the subset of earth's lineages that were fortunate enough to reside on relatively stable peaks.
Reproductive traits of the dwarf gobiesPandaka trimaculataandPandaka lidwilliin the western Pacific Ocean: histological evidence from one of the smallest fishes in the world
Authors: Kunishima Taiga , Saimaru Hirotoshi , Tachihara Katsunori 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGobies are generally small fishes which play important roles in estuarine ecosystems, yet little attention has been paid to their life‐history traits in the western Pacific region. In the present study, the reproductive traits of the dwarf gobiesPandaka trimaculataandPandaka lidwilliwere explored by examining their populations in a subtropical estuary on Okinawa‐jima Island, Japan, over 15 months. The Okinawan populations of both species shared similar reproductive traits.Pandaka trimaculataandP. lidwilliexhibited early female maturation at minimum sizes of 8.8 and 9.4 mm standard length (SL), respectively, which indicate that populations of thePandakaspecies in the subtropical region represent some of the smallest fishes in the world. Nonetheless, they also had high relative body sizes at maturity relative to the attained asymptotic SLs, ranging from 75.8% to 80.4%, which suggests that their populations are vulnerable to negative impacts. Both the species also had prolonged spawning periods, extending from February to November (P. trimaculata) and from January to October (P. lidwilli), indicating that these local populations have a high potential for maintenance and resilience. Their spawning periods, sizes at maturity and fecundities varied among seasons and latitudes, possibly because of low water temperatures affecting the relative allocation of energy to growth and reproduction. Such plasticity of life‐history traits in these small fishes indicates that they would be suitable models for understanding the evolution of life‐history strategies and monitoring the responses of organisms to climate change.
Space Oddities: The Acquisition of Agreement Verbs by L2 Learners of Sign Language of the Netherlands
Authors: BOERS–VISKER EVELINE , PFAU ROLAND 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article reports the results of the first longitudinal study that systematically investigates the acquisition of verb agreement by hearing learners of a sign language. During a 2‐year period, 14 novel learners of Sign Language of the Netherlands (NGT) with a spoken language background performed an elicitation task 15 times. Seven deaf native signers and NGT teachers performed the same task to serve as a benchmark group. The results obtained show that for some learners, the verb agreement system of NGT was difficult to master, despite numerous examples in the input. As compared to the benchmark group, learners tended to omit agreement markers on verbs that could be modified, did not always correctly use established locations associated with discourse referents, and made characteristic errors with respect to properties that are important in the expression of agreement (movement and orientation). The outcomes of the study are of value to practitioners in the field, as they are informative with regard to the nature of the learning process during the first stages of learning a sign language.
Progressive supranuclear palsy: Neuropathology of patients with a short disease duration due to unexpected death
Authors: Zhang Lu , Toyoshima Yasuko , Takeshima Akari , Shimizu Hiroshi , Tomita Itsuro , Onodera Osamu , Takahashi Hitoshi , Kakita Akiyoshi 
Published: November 2020

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) presents with a wide variety of signs/symptoms, making early initial diagnosis difficult. We investigated the clinical and neuropathological features of five patients with autopsy‐proven PSP of short duration, ranging from 11 to 41 months (average, 26.2 months) due to unexpected death, focusing particularly on the distribution and severity of neuronal loss as well as neuronal and glial tau pathology in the affected brain. Clinical features were studied retrospectively through careful review of the medical records, and neuropathological examinations were carried out, along with tau immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody AT8. These patients were diagnosed as having probable PSP (n = 4) and suggestive PSP (n = 1), respectively. In all cases, neuronal loss was evident in the substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus, globus pallidus, and locus ceruleus. AT8‐identified tau lesions, that is, pretangles/neurofibrillary tangles (PTs/NFTs), tufted astrocytes (TAs), and coiled bodies/neuropil threads (CBs/NTs), were distributed widely in the brain regions, especially in patients with longer disease duration. All cases showed variation in the regional tau burden among PTs/NFTs, TAs, and CBs/NTs. There was also a tendency for tau deposition to be more predominant in neuronal cells in the brainstem and cerebellum and in glial cells in the cerebral cortex and subcortical gray matter. These findings suggest that in PSP, the initial signs/symptoms are associated with degeneration and subsequent death of neurons with pathological tau deposition, and that the tau deposition in neuronal cells is independent of that in glial cells.
Gender and parental involvement in parent‐child reminiscing in a Scandinavian sample
Authors: Svane Riikka P. , Olesen Marie Josefine R. , Kingo Osman S. , Krøjgaard Peter 
Published: November 2020

Despite the extensive bulk of literature on maternal reminiscing style, only a handful of reminiscing studies have investigated gender differences in parental reminiscing style, with none of these studies having explored the possible relationship between parental involvement level and parental reminiscing style. The current study investigated gender differences in parental reminiscing style across positive and negative event types in an egalitarian Scandinavian context while exploring the potential relationship between parental reminiscing style and parental involvement level. Mothers and fathers fromN = 88 families reminisced about shared happy and sad events, respectively, with their 4‐year‐old children. Overall, parental involvement level was not related to parental reminiscing style. However, mothers’ elaborations and positive evaluations were associated with their level of involvement level in the sad event conversations. Although mothers and fathers did not differ in their reminiscing style overall, gender differences appeared in the consistency of parental reminiscing style across event types.
Occurrence, mortality and cost of brain disorders in Denmark: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Vestergaard Søren Viborg , Rasmussen Thomas Bøjer , Stallknecht Sandra , Olsen Jens , Skipper Niels , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Christiansen Christian Fynbo 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesTo examine the occurrence of brain disorders (ie, neurological and mental disorders) in Denmark and mortality and cost of illness among affected persons.DesignMatched cohort study.SettingWe obtained routinely collected registry data on all Danish residents during 1995–2015.ParticipantsWe identified all persons alive on 1 January 2015 with a diagnosis of 25 specific brain disorders (prevalent cohort) and all persons with an incident diagnosis during 2011–2015 (incident cohort). Each person was matched on age and sex with 10 persons from the general population without the brain disorder of interest.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrevalence and incidence of hospital-diagnosed brain disorders, 1-year absolute and relative mortality, and attributable direct and indirect costs of illness compared with the corresponding matched cohorts.ResultsWe identified 1 075 081 persons with at least one prevalent brain disorder (any brain disorder) on 1 January 2015, corresponding to 18.9% of the Danish population. The incidence rate of any brain disorder during 2011–2015 was 1349 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI 1345 to 1353). One-year mortality after diagnosis was increased in persons with any brain disorder (HR 4.7, 95% CI 4.7 to 4.8) and in persons in every group of specific brain disorders compared with the matched cohort from the general population. The total attributable direct costs of brain disorders in 2015 were €5.2 billion and total attributable indirect costs were €11.2 billion. Traumatic brain injury, stress-related disorders, depression and stroke were the most common brain disorders. Attributable costs were highest for depression, dementia, stress-related disorders and stroke.ConclusionsOne in five Danish residents alive on 1 January 2015 had been diagnosed with at least one brain disorder, and mortality was five times higher in persons with any diagnosed brain disorder than in the general population. We found high attributable direct and indirect costs of brain disorders.