bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultracompact meta-pixels for high colour depth generation using a bi-layered hybrid metasurface
Authors: Yun Jeong-Geun , Sung Jangwoon , Kim Sun-Je , Yun Hansik , Choi Chulsoo , Lee Byoungho 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNano-structural colour pixels have attracted much attention as promising solutions for compact display devices. However, it is difficult to miniaturize and integrate conventional transmissive colour filtering components for high resolution pixels within subwavelength scale without sacrificing colour depth. Here, we propose a novel colour pixel structure using bi-layered hybrid metasurfaces that are composed of aluminum nanograting and amorphous silicon nanorod layers. The independent high-contrast control of resonance intensity and spectral position is achieved by anisotropic Mie resonances and cavity effect between stacked two metasurfaces. Moreover, the proposed structures permit the wide colour gamut through the novel physical principles. In addition, a meta-pixel which can provide gradual tuning of colour is demonstrated to obtain high colour depth. The proposed structures are expected to be fruitful for the development of next generation display and imaging systems.
Effect of Empagliflozin on Cardiac Function, Adiposity, and Diffuse Fibrosis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Hsu Jung-Chi , Wang Chih-Yuan , Su Mao-Yuan M. , Lin Lian-Yu , Yang Wei-Shiung 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEmpagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, significantly improves cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic patients; however, the mechanism is unclear. We hypothesized that empagliflozin might have beneficial effects on cardiac function, structure, adiposity, and myocardial diffuse fibrosis. This prospective study enrolled 35 patients (48.6% men, age 63.5 ± 9.7 years) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from June 1, 2017, to November 31, 2018. The patients received an SGLT2 inhibitor (empagliflozin 25 or 12.5 mg/d) for 6 months in addition to stable oral hypoglycaemic treatment. All patients underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) before and after empagliflozin treatment. Left ventricular (LV) function and structure were quantified using cine CMRI. Cardiac adiposity was defined based on pericardial fat and intracardiac triglyceride contents, whereas myocardial diffuse fibrosis was indicated by extracellular volume (ECV). The statistical significance of parameter changes was assessed using paired t-test and stepwise multiple linear regression. There were no significant differences in LV function and structure changes. Cardiac adiposity and diffuse fibrosis indices were also not different before and after empagliflozin treatment. Concerning clinical parameters, only a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure (by 6.4 mmHg) was observed (p = 0.013). Stepwise multiple linear regression revealed that worse baseline MRI parameters were associated with better improvements. Intracardiac triglyceride content decrease was inversely associated with baseline intracardiac triglyceride content (p < 0.001). Pericardial fat changes were negatively correlated with baseline pericardial fat (p < 0.001) and ECV changes (p = 0.028). ECV changes were inversely associated with baseline ECV (p < 0.001), baseline LV ejection fraction (p < 0.001), and LV mass index changes (p = 0.020). This study demonstrated that 6 months of empagliflozin treatment did not significantly improve the LV function, structure, adiposity, and diffuse fibrosis in patients with T2DM. Further, the beneficial effects of empagliflozin treatment might be more evident in patients with worse baseline LV substrate and structure.
Pretreatment diagnosis factors associated with overtreatment with surgery in patients with differentiated-type early gastric cancer
Authors: Horiuchi Yusuke , Fujisaki Junko , Yamamoto Noriko , Ida Satoshi , Yoshimizu Shoichi , Ishiyama Akiyoshi , Yoshio Toshiyuki , Hirasawa Toshiaki , Yamamoto Yorimasa , Nagahama Masatsugu , Takahashi Hiroshi , Tsuchida Tomohiro 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to clarify the pretreatment factors associated with overtreatment with surgery in patients with differentiated-type early gastric cancer. This single-centre, retrospective study included 781 patients with differentiated-type early gastric cancer treated by surgical resection between April 2005 and May 2017. Postoperative pathological results were used to divide patients into the accurate surgical indication group and overtreatment with surgery group; the groups were compared with respect to accurate diagnosis and misdiagnosis based on tumour diameter (≤30 mm or >30 mm), diagnosis of depth, diagnosis of ulcerative findings, and diagnosis of main histology. There were 224 patients in the overtreatment with surgery group. Multivariate analysis revealed significant differences in misdiagnosis of tumour diameter, misdiagnosis of depth, misdiagnosis of ulcerative findings, and misdiagnosis of main histology between the accurate surgical indication group and overtreatment with surgery group. Significant factors for pretreatment misdiagnosis leading to overtreatment in differentiated-type early gastric cancer were tumour diameter, depth, and main histology. It may be acceptable to perform endoscopic resection for patients with pretreatment tumour diameter ≤30 mm, mucosal invasion of pretreatment depth, and undifferentiated-type cancers containing differentiated-type components of pretreatment histology because this reduces overtreatment with surgery.
Superfluid-Insulator Transition unambiguously detected by entanglement in one-dimensional disordered superfluids
Authors: Canella G. A. , França V. V. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe use entanglement to track the superfluid-insulator transition (SIT) in disordered fermionic superfluids described by the one-dimensional Hubbard model. Entanglement is found to have remarkable signatures of the SIT driven by i) the disorder strength V, ii) the concentration of impurities C and iii) the particle density n. Our results reveal the absence of a critical potential intensity on the SIT driven by V, i.e. any small V suffices to decrease considerably the degree of entanglement: it drops ∼50% for V = −0.25t. We also find that entanglement is non-monotonic with the concentration C, approaching to zero for a certain critical value CC. This critical concentration is found to be related to a special type of localization, here named as fully-localized state, which can be also reached for a particular density nC. Our results show that the SIT driven by n or C has distinct nature whether it leads to the full localization or to the ordinary one: it is a first-order quantum phase transition only when leading to full localization. In contrast, the SIT driven by V is never a first-order quantum phase transition independently on the type of localization reached.
Photoperiod controls vegetation phenology across Africa
Authors: Adole Tracy , Dash Jadunandan , Rodriguez-Galiano Victor , Atkinson Peter M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractVegetation phenology is driven by environmental factors such as photoperiod, precipitation, temperature, insolation, and nutrient availability. However, across Africa, there’s ambiguity about these drivers, which can lead to uncertainty in the predictions of global warming impacts on terrestrial ecosystems and their representation in dynamic vegetation models. Using satellite data, we undertook a systematic analysis of the relationship between phenological parameters and these drivers. The analysis across different regions consistently revealed photoperiod as the dominant factor controlling the onset and end of vegetation growing season. Moreover, the results suggest that not one, but a combination of drivers control phenological events. Consequently, to enhance our predictions of climate change impacts, the role of photoperiod should be incorporated into vegetation-climate and ecosystem modelling. Furthermore, it is necessary to define clearly the responses of vegetation to interactions between a consistent photoperiod cue and inter-annual variation in other drivers, especially under a changing climate.
Detection of mercury ion based on quantum dots using miniaturised optical fibre sensor
Authors: Wang Wenqi , Liu Ting , Yi Dingrong 
Published: October 2019

Mercury ion (Hg2+) is one of the common pollutants which exists in the natural environment far and wide. The detection of Hg2+ usually requires large laboratory equipment, which limits their field applications. Here, a miniaturised optical fibre sensor based on quantum dots (QDs) for detection of Hg2+ is developed. The sensor is based on the principle of fluorescence quenching caused by Hg2+ and evanescent wave sensing. It is an all‐fibre sensor which composed of an optical fibre probe module, an optical module and a signal acquisition module. Through miniaturisation design of optical system and the structure of the sensor, the sensor is reduced to the volume of 120 × 120 × 100 mm. The experimental results show that in the miniaturised sensor both has high sensitivity and fast response speed. Meanwhile, the ion anti‐interference experiment shows that the sensor has good selectivity for Hg2+ detection. In general, the proposed sensor has significant potential in the field of biochemistry, environmental monitoring, and food safety.
Study of the spatial association between an active region jet and a nonthermal type III radio burst
Authors: Mulay Sargam M. , Sharma Rohit , Valori Gherardo , Vásquez Alberto M. , Del Zanna Giulio , Mason Helen , Oberoi Divya 
Published: October 2019

Aims. We aim to investigate the spatial location of the source of an active region (AR) jet and its relation with associated nonthermal type III radio emission.
Methods. An emission measure (EM) method was used to study the thermodynamic nature of the AR jet. The nonthermal type III radio burst observed at meterwavelength was studied using the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) radio imaging and spectroscopic data. The local configuration of the magnetic field and the connectivity of the source region of the jet with open magnetic field structures was studied using a nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) extrapolation and potential field source surface (PFSS) extrapolation respectively.
Results. The plane-of-sky velocity of the AR jet was found to be ∼136 km s−1. The EM analysis confirmed the presence of low temperature 2 MK plasma for the spire, whereas hot plasma, between 5 and 8 MK, was present at the footpoint region which also showed the presence of Fe XVIII emission. A lower limit on the electron number density was found to be 1.4 × 108 cm−3 for the spire and 2.2 × 108 cm−3 for the footpoint. A temporal and spatial correlation between the AR jet and nonthermal type III burst confirmed the presence of open magnetic fields. An NLFFF extrapolation showed that the photospheric footpoints of the null point were anchored at the location of the source brightening of the jet. The spatial location of the radio sources suggests an association with the extrapolated closed and open magnetic fields although strong propagation effects are also present.
Conclusions. The multi-scale analysis of the field at local, AR, and solar scales confirms the interlink between different flux bundles involved in the generation of the type III radio signal with flux transferred from a small coronal hole to the periphery of the sunspot via null point reconnection with an emerging structure.
Analyse des Versorgungsmodells „Portal“ – Untersuchung der Ergebnisqualität der IVOM-Therapie im Hinblick auf Latenzzeiten bei exsudativer AMD
Authors: Rothaus Kai , Farecki Marie-Louise , Mussinghoff Peter , Faatz Henrik , Spital Georg , Pauleikhoff Daniel , Lommatzsch Albrecht Peter 
Published: October 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die intravitreale operative Medikamenteneingabe (IVOM) stellte gegenwärtig bei vielen Makulopathien eine logistische Herausforderung für Patient und Arzt dar. Während die Patienten die Fahrten zu den Arztbesuchen organisieren müssen, haben die medizinischen Einrichtungen ausreichend kurzfristige Ressourcen vorzuhalten, um eine zeitnahe und termingerechte Behandlung zu gewährleisten. Ziel dieser Studie ist die Evaluation der kooperativen IVOM-Therapie bei Patienten mit einer exsudativen AMD hinsichtlich der folgenden 4 Qualitätsindikatoren: a) der Latenzzeiten innerhalb des Behandlungs- und Kontrollzyklus, b) die Behandlungsfrequenzen, c) die Adhärenz und d) das medizinische Ergebnis.
Patienten und Methode In Zusammenarbeit vieler Augenärzte werden seit über 7 Jahren AMD-Patienten innerhalb eines Portalsystems kooperativ behandelt. Dabei werden zwischen der konventionell behandelnden Praxis und dem operativen Zentrum die für die Behandlung wesentlichen Daten ausgetauscht. Insgesamt wurden von 1850 Patienten insgesamt 2283 wegen AMD zu behandelnde Augen dokumentiert. Diese elektronische Dokumentation wurde hinsichtlich der o. g. Qualitätsindikatoren retrospektiv ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Die Auswertung ergab eine durchschnittliche Latenzzeit zwischen der Kontrolle beim konservativen Augenarzt und einem erneuten Start einer IVOM-Serie von 8,1 Werktagen. Innerhalb der ersten beiden Behandlungsjahre wurden durchschnittlich 10,5 Injektionen und 8,2 Kontrolltermine pro Fall erreicht. Dabei waren nach den 2 Jahren noch 72,9% der Fälle in Behandlung bzw. Beobachtung und es konnte eine Stabilisierung des Visusgewinns von durchschnittlich 0,05 logMAR erreicht werden.
Schlussfolgerung Gerade bei der exsudativen AMD ist eine konsequente Therapie über Jahre von essenzieller Bedeutung für ein funktionelle Stabilität und Verbesserung der Sehleistung. Die Analyse des Versorgungsmodells zeigt, dass eine kooperative Organisation der IVOM-Therapie und Verlaufsdiagnostik im PRN-Schema zu einer konsequenten Behandlung und den notwendigen Kontrolluntersuchungen der Patienten über einen langen Zeitraum führen kann.
Indocyanine Green Lymphography, Lymphoscintigraphy, and Genetic Analysis in Nonsyndromic Primary Lymphedema: The Distal Dermal Backflow Grading System and the Print Sign
Authors: Mangialardi Maria Lucia , Lorenzano Valerio , Pagliara Domenico , Visconti Giuseppe , Gentileschi Stefano , Salgarello Marzia 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Investigating correlations between clinical, instrumental, and genetic features of primary lymphedema (PL) with the aim to facilitate the diagnosis, the staging, and the management of this subgroup of patients.
Methods A prospective observational study was conducted from September 2016 to May 2018, including patients with diagnosis of nonsyndromic PL. All patients underwent a lymphoscintigraphic rest-stress test, an indocyanine green (ICG) lymphographic test, and a genetic test from sputum sample.
Results A total of 20 patients were enrolled in the study and 44 limbs were examined. The totality of clinically affected limbs (32/44) showed lymphographic and lymphoscintigraphic abnormalities. Concerning clinically healthy limbs (12/44), an abnormal pattern was demonstrated in 33.3% of ICG lymphographic test and 75% of lymphoscintigraphy. Regarding lymphography findings, the most frequent pattern was the distal dermal backflow (DDB). We distinguished four grades of DDB, which correlates with clinical and lymphoscintigraphic features. Furthermore, we found a new lymphographic alteration consisting of fluorescence appearing distally to the injection site of ICG, including fingers/toes and palmar/plantar surface of the hand and of the foot. This alteration, called “print sign,” seems to be typical of DDB pattern PL. Genetic test did not help us make any etiological diagnosis.
Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first study about PL comparing clinical, ICG lymphographic, lymphoscintigraphic, and genetic findings. As expected, all clinically affected limbs showed abnormalities in ICG lymphographic and lymphoscintigraphic tests. In opposition to what has previously been reported, also clinically healthy limbs showed lymphographic and lymphoscintigraphic alterations and this could suggest the existence of a subclinical form of PL. We proposed a grading of the DDB pattern, which correlates with clinical and lymphoscintigraphic features. Furthermore, we have described a new lymphographic alteration that seems to be typical of DDB pattern PL, the “print sign.”
Long-Term Safety and Efficacy Data of a Plasma-Derived Factor VIII Concentrate with von Willebrand Factor for Treatment of Patients with Hemophilia A Covering 18 Years
Authors: Kittler Sabine Friederike Karolin , Miesbach Wolfgang , Bauhofer Artur , Becker Thomas , Schüttrumpf Jörg , Dubovy Patrick , Nemes László , Richter Heinrich , Königs Christoph 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe describe the results of the (to our knowledge) longest long-term noninterventional study so far performed to obtain real-life data on the treatment of hemophilia A patients with a single plasma-derived FVIII concentrate containing von Willebrand factor (pdFVIII; Haemoctin/Faktor VIII SDH Intersero). A total of 198 patients (146 in Germany and 52 in Hungary), of whom 160 had severe and 38 nonsevere hemophilia A, representing all age groups (0–88 years; mean ∼25 years at inclusion) were analyzed during prophylactic or on-demand treatment over 18 years (overall 1,418 patient-years; mean >7 years). pdFVIII was very effective and well tolerated. The mean annual bleeding rate, including spontaneous and traumatic bleeds, was considerably lower for patients treated prophylactically (mean 5.4; median 3.1) than for patients treated on demand (mean 26.1; median 21.9). Inhibitors were found in 13% (3/23) and high-titer inhibitors in 4% (1/23) of previously untreated patients with severe hemophilia A. Four previously treated patients with severe hemophilia A developed inhibitors, thereof three high-titer inhibitors (3.3 and 2.5 high-titer inhibitors in 1,000 patient-years). No unexpected adverse effect on the health of the patients, no pdFVIII-related thrombosis, thromboembolic event, or hypersensitivity reaction, and no suspected viral transmission related to pdFVIII were documented.
Myxedema Coma in a Pediatric Patient with Down Syndrome
Authors: Divecha Chhaya A. , Tullu Milind S. , Deshmukh Chandrahas T. , Karande Sunil 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMyxedema coma due to severe/long standing hypothyroidism is a known fatal endocrine emergency but is rare in children and unreported in pediatric Down syndrome. It mimics other conditions in the emergency room, making the diagnosis challenging. We present a 10-year-old-male child with global developmental delay and Down syndrome phenotype, admitted for altered sensorium subsequent to a febrile illness. The presence of myxedematous changes on clinical examination, on a background of altered sensorium and hypothermia, led to suspicion of myxedema coma, confirmed by laboratory testing. Due to nonavailability of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) was administered through nasogastric tube after an endocrine consult. Despite initial recovery in terms of improved consciousness, the child ultimately succumbed to refractory shock and terminal ventricular tachycardia. Our case highlights the need to consider myxedema coma as a differential diagnosis for altered mental status in the emergency room and use of screening tools for effective selection of patients.
Interrogatives in surprise contexts in English
Authors: Celle Agnès , Jugnet Anne , Lansari Laure , Peterson Tyler 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Verbal reactions to surprising situations or surprising information often include interrogative structures rather than exclamatives, contrary to what is assumed in traditional grammars. In such contexts, interrogatives combine requests for information and the expression of surprise (possibly associated with other emotions). Based on enacted data drawn from film scripts, our claim is that different (more or less canonical) forms of interrogatives imply varying levels of cognitive integration: clarification requests, ordinary (non-inferential) questions and inferential questions are on a continuum from less to more cognitively integrated information. Different forms of interrogatives may thus correspond to different speaker-addressee relations and pragmatic patterns. The overall frequency of interrogatives and variety of forms and patterns used may reflect the fact that surprise is more cognitive than other emotions.
“Self” in language, culture, and cognition
Authors: Lu Yanying 
Published: October 2019

This book explores socio-cultural meanings of ‘self’ in the Chinese language through analysing a range of conversations among Chinese immigrants to Australia qualitatively on the topics of individuality, social relationships and collective identity. If language, culture and cognition are major roads, this book is the junction that unites them by arguing that selfhood occurs at their interface. It provides an interdisciplinary approach to unpack manifestations and perceptions of ‘self’ in the contemporary Chinese diaspora discourse from the perspectives of Sociolinguistics, Cognitive Linguistics and the newly developed Cultural Linguistics. This book not only discusses empirical and theoretical issues on the conceptualisation and communication of social identity in a cross-cultural context, it also reveals how traditional and modern ideas in Chinese culture are interacting with those of other world cultures. Considering the power of language, enduring and emerging beliefs and stances that permeate these speakers’ views on their social being and outlooks on life impart their significance in cross-cultural communication and pragmatics.
As of January 2023, this e-book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched.
Language globalization versus inner language diversity?
Authors: Kalezic Maja 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
By this study we have tried not to reject but to use IT tools of so-called augmented reality in the digital era in order to show new possibilities for comprehensive way to preserve itemized vocabulary of a language both in its historical and its contemporary corpus by using the especially modified relational terminology database. Offering draft for the structurally new-designed terminological algorithm for expanding the referred database, we wanted to establish, among other things, some of databases new goals, e.g. continuously preservation of one linguistic corpus created and fixed in one moment of time, regardless of the intensive changes taking place in the permanent exchangeable reality of life that imports the continuing changes into the linguistic one.
L’estandardització del gaèlic escocès
Authors: Ortiz de Antonio Jordi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Since the Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act was passed in 2005, the Gaelic revitalisation process has been undertaken with regards to the status of the language, but corpus planning remains scarce. This paper consists of a review about standard language and the process of standardisation of Scottish Gaelic and it is aimed to examine and to reflect to what extent Haugen’s model (1983) is followed in the standardisation process affecting Gaelic in Scotland. After the discussion, it is noticeable that there has been an evident but implicit standardisation process: a Mid-Minch Gaelic variety of the language is implemented and somehow elaborated. However, there are some key priorities for the standard that have not been completed yet in terms of codification, especially grammatication. Therefore, Scottish Gaelic is not a completely standard language because although it still lacks an explicit codification process, Gaelic is implemented and elaborated.