bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinctive patterns and characteristics of neon jet launched from plasma candle device
Authors: Abdelaziz Ayman A. , Kim Hyun‐Ha 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study reported the characterization of neon plasma jets emerging from a novel plasma device known as a plasma candle. The device launches stable, wide, and long cold plasmas in a shape resembling a flickering candle flame. The neon plasma candle (Ne‐PC) exhibited several interesting phenomena in terms of the discharge propagation and plume pattern, which are not common in other jet devices. A particular attention was paid to the dynamics of the gas flow, which was found to have significant effects on the discharge characteristics and jet shape. It is found that a porous disc in the Ne‐PC device distributed the gas flow uniformly, and subsequently enhanced the discharge initiation and formed a uniform conical jet. Moreover, the effect of the applied voltage on the flow dynamics led to a transformation in the conical shape of the jet to a fork‐like shape. This phenomenon did not appear in the helium plasma candle, and it is observed that the induced electrohydrodynamic (EHD) as well as the low velocity, diffusion coefficient, and momentum of the gas play a crucial role in this phenomenon. Optical emission spectroscopy measurements provided insights into the mechanism of the plume pattern and described its effect on the generated species. At higher applied voltages, a significant reduction in neon emissions was observed, but higher RONS were generated, due to the entrainment of the surrounding air. Furthermore, it is found that the Ne‐PC has a higher ability to generate RONS than the helium candle and neon in the conventional plasma jet devices (Ne‐CPJ), thereby suggesting its feasibility for material processing and biomedical applications.
Cultivar‐dependent increases in mycorrhizal nutrient acquisition by barley in response to elevated CO2
Authors: Thirkell Tom J. , Campbell Matthew , Driver Josephine , Pastok Daria , Merry Beverley , Field Katie J. 
Published: December 2020

Societal Impact StatementModern agriculture is under pressure to meet yield targets while reducing reliance on finite resources to improve sustainability. Climate change represents an additional challenge—elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations may increase plant growth and boost yield, but the nutritional value of crops grown at elevated CO2 is often reduced. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can improve plant nutrition, although how this symbiosis will be affected by climate change is unclear. Here, we demonstrate mycorrhizal contribution to nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition in barley under current and future CO2 concentrations. In one cultivar, AMF substantially increased phosphorus uptake at elevated CO2 and prevented phosphorus dilution, suggesting the symbiosis may become more important for crop nutrient uptake in the future.Summary

Globally important cereals such as barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) often engage in symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The impact of elevated atmospheric CO2 on nutrient exchange between these symbionts remains unknown.
In controlled environment experiments, we used isotope tracers (15N, 33P, 14C) to quantify nutrient fluxes between two barley cultivars (Moonshine and Riviera) and their associated AMF at ambient (440 ppm) and elevated (800 ppm) CO2.
Elevated CO2 reduced shoot N concentration in Moonshine, and shoot N and P concentration in Riviera. Elevated CO2 substantially increased mycorrhizal 33P acquisition in Moonshine. Mycorrhizal contribution to P uptake in Moonshine may have prevented dilution of tissue P concentration at elevated CO2. In Riviera, AMF did not improve 33P acquisition. Both cultivars received 15N from their AMF symbionts, and this acquisition was not influenced by CO2 concentration, although Moonshine received more 15N than Riviera.
Our results suggest that AMF may provide substantial contributions to barley nutrition at current and projected future CO2 concentrations. This is especially noteworthy for barley, which is generally considered to have low mycorrhizal receptivity. AMF may help alleviate or avoid nutrient dilution normally observed at elevated CO2. Variation between cultivars indicates that mycorrhizal contribution to cereal nutrition could be improved through selective breeding practices.
Cyclic nucleotide selectivity of protein kinase G isozymes
Authors: Kim Choel , Sharma Rajesh 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe intrinsic activity of the C‐terminal catalytic (C) domain of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)‐dependent protein kinases (PKG) is inhibited by interactions with the N‐terminal regulatory (R) domain. Selective binding of cGMP to cyclic nucleotide binding (CNB) domains within the R‐domain disrupts the inhibitory R–C interaction, leading to the release and activation of the C‐domain. Affinity measurements of mammalian and plasmodium PKG CNB domains reveal different degrees of cyclic nucleotide affinity and selectivity; the CNB domains adjacent to the C‐domain are more cGMP selective and therefore critical for cGMP‐dependent activation. Crystal structures of isolated CNB domains in the presence and absence of cyclic nucleotides reveal isozyme‐specific contacts that explain cyclic nucleotide selectivity and conformational changes that accompany CNB. Crystal structures of tandem CNB domains identify two types of CNB‐mediated dimeric contacts that indicate cGMP‐driven reorganization of domain–domain interfaces that include large conformational changes. Here, we review the available structural and functional information of PKG CNB domains that further advance our understanding of cGMP mediated regulation and activation of PKG isozymes.
Rotation vibration spectrum of potassium molecules via the improved generalized Pöschl‐Teller oscillator
Authors: Horchani Ridha , Jelassi Haikel , Ikot Akpan N. , Okorie Uduakobong S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this work, we used the improved generalized Pöschl‐Teller potential (IGPT) to calculate the rotational‐vibrational (ro‐vibrational, hereinafter) energies of potassium molecules in the excited electronic state . In doing this, we first solved the Schrödinger equation for the (IGPT) by applying both the Pekeris‐type and the Greene‐Aldrich approximations to the centrifugal term. The obtained energy spectra are compared with that of the experimental Rydberg‐Klein‐Rees (RKR) data. We also showed that the IGPT potential is a good potential function in fitting experimental RKR data for the 39K2 () molecule. Finally, we have proved that Pekeris‐type approximation is better than Greene‐Aldrich approximation in calculating the accurate ro‐vibrational energies spectra for the potassium molecular dimers.
Hyaluronic acid in viscous malignant mesothelioma pleural effusion
Authors: Cheah Hui Min , Fitzgerald Deirdre , Louw Amber , Creaney Jenette , Lee Y. C. Gary 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMalignant pleural effusion (MPE) is common with mesothelioma. We report two cases of extraordinarily viscous MPEs associated with mesothelioma. The viscosity prohibited spontaneous gravity‐dependent drainage via indwelling pleural catheters. Our ex vivo experiments found very high hyaluronic acid (HA) content within the fluid. Treatment of the fluid with hyaluronidase, but not with deoxyribonucleases, significantly reduced fluid viscosity. The results provide proof that HA can contribute to high viscosity of pleural fluid in mesothelioma. Research into strategies of counteracting HA properties in the management of MPEs may provide further insight.
Towards diverse representation and inclusion in soil science in the United States
Authors: Carter Tiffany L. , Jennings Lydia L. , Pressler Yamina , Gallo Adrian C. , Berhe Asmeret Asefaw , Marín‐Spiotta Erika , Shepard Christopher , Ghezzehei Teamrat , Vaughan Karen L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSoil science is one of the least diverse subdisciplines within the agricultural, earth, and natural sciences. Representation within soil science does not currently reflect demographic trends in the United States. We synthesize available data on the representation of historically marginalized groups in soil science in the United States and identify historical mechanisms contributing to these trends. We review education and employment information within academia and the federal government, land‐grant university participation, and available Soil Science Society of America (SSSA) membership data to gain insight into the current state of representation within soil sciences and implications for the future of this discipline. Across all domains of diversity, historically marginalized groups are under‐represented in soil science. We provide recommendations toward recognizing diversity within the field and improving and encouraging diversity within the SSSA, and suggested responses for both individuals and institutions toward improving diversity, equity, and inclusion.
Upstream downstream divergence and hydro‐socioeconomic distress in South Asia
Authors: Arfanuzzaman Md. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe issue of transboundary river management is highly pertinent to South Asia with conflicts emerging in water resource management and utilization which indeed affect the beneficial uses of downstream states. The paper considers the situation of the Teesta river basin to assess the water unavailability driven agricultural shock, cost of loss and damage of the downstream region, identify the mutual benefits of water collaboration, and suggest potential adaptation options for water unavailability. The study found during 1995–2010, the annual mean discharge in the upper Teesta floodplain was 707 cumec, where the downstream discharge was 140 cumec and during 2005–2010 the downstream region received less than 8% of the mean annual discharge which may be attributed to reduced flow from the upstream region due to the intense operation of dams and barrage. Consequently, the water reliant 5,000 villages and 12 sub‐districts of lower Teesta basin of Bangladesh were found to be experiencing immense hydro‐socioeconomic impairment and food insecurity. The study estimates that in the Rangpur region, total loss and damage of Boro rice production is 15,08,020 metric tons during 2006–2015, and in the Nilphamri total loss and damage is estimated 9,83,054 metric tons during the same period. Here, the total computed economic loss for both the region is $564 million from 2006–15 FY, which remarkably trims down the overall agricultural production and socio‐economic situation in the lower Teesta region of Bangladesh and fuel the hydro‐economic and political tension between the close riparian.
Case for Climate Smart Agriculture in Addressing the Threat of Climate Change
Authors: Eleblu John Saviour Yaw , Darko Eugene Tenkorang , Danquah Eric Yirenkyi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractClimate smart agriculture (CSA) embodies a blend of innovations, practices, systems, and investment programmes that are used to mitigate against the adverse effects of climate change and variability on agriculture for sustained food production. Food crop production under various climate change scenarios requires the use of improved technologies that are called climate smart agriculture to ensure increased productivity under adverse conditions of increased global temperatures, frequent and more intense storms, floods and drought stresses. This chapter summarizes available information on climate change and climate smart agriculture technologies. It is important to evaluate each climate change scenario and provide technologies that farmers, research scientists, and policy drivers can use to create the desired climate smart agriculture given the array of tools and resources available.
Die Rolle der Medien bei Entstehung, Verlauf und Bewältigung von Essstörungen
Authors: Peter Christina , Brosius Hans-Bernd 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungEssstörungen gehören in westlichen Gesellschaften zu den häufigsten psychosomatischen Erkrankungen. Die Medien werden seit geraumer Zeit dafür verantwortlich gemacht, einer der Auslöser von Essstörungen zu sein. Beispielsweise konnte in mehreren Studien gezeigt werden, dass Medien ein unrealistisches Schönheitsideal vermitteln und dieses gerade bei jungen Rezipientinnen eine Unzufriedenheit mit dem eigenen Körper bewirken kann.Allerdings wurden 2 zentrale Aspekte bisher kaum betrachtet.Zum einen fehlt es an Studien, in denen die Erkrankten selbst im Mittelpunkt stehen und die Rolle der Medien in der Entstehungs‑, Verlaufs- und Bewältigungsphase einer Essstörung betrachtet wird. Zum anderen gibt es kaum Untersuchungen dazu, wie und in welchem Umfang die Krankheit in den Medien thematisiert wird und wie solche Darstellungen auf die betroffene Gruppe wirken.Auf Basis der bisherigen Forschung in diesem Bereich ist zu vermuten, dass die Wahrnehmung dessen, wie die eigene Krankheit in den Medien dargestellt wird, Konsequenzen für die Selbstwahrnehmung, das Wohlbefinden und das Handeln der erkrankten Personen hat. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die komplexe Rolle von Medien im Rahmen einer Essstörung und zeigt vor allem Lücken in der kommunikationswissenschaftlichen Forschung zu diesem Thema auf.
Microwatt power management: challenges of on-chip energy harvesting
Authors: Schmickl Stefan , Faseth Thomas , Pretl Harald 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIoT devices become more and more popular which implies a growing interest in easily maintainable and battery-independent power sources, as wires and batteries are unpractical in application scenarios where billions of devices get deployed. To keep the costs low and to achieve the smallest possible form factor, SoC implementations with integrated energy harvesting and power management units are a welcome innovation.On-chip energy harvesting solutions are typically only capable of supplying power in the order of microwatts. A significant design challenge exists for the functional blocks of the IoT-SoC as well as for the power management unit itself as the harvested voltage has to be converted to a higher and more usable voltage. Simultaneously, the power management blocks have to be as efficient as possible with the lowest possible quiescent currents.In this paper, we provide a look at on-chip microwatt power management. Starting with the energy-harvesting from RF power or light, we then show state-of-the-art implementations of ultra-low power voltage references and ultra-low power low-dropout regulator (LDO) designs.
Disease knowledge and patient education are key players for a better quality of life in vascular surgery patients
Authors: Udelnow Andrej , Hecht Verena , Buschmann Ivo , Wilbrandt Catharina , Barth Udo , Meyer Frank , Halloul Zuhir 
Published: December 2020

Summary
Background
The aim of this prospective investigation was to determine factors that influence the verbal disease knowledge level of the patient after the informed consent (IC) talk and to assess whether it can be improved by additional education. Furthermore, the factors underlying quality of life (QoL) after treatment, among them knowledge, education, and ambulatory care, were investigated.

Methods
Consecutive patients who had undergone vascular surgical intervention for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), thrombendarteriectomy (TEA) of the femoral bifurcation, or digital subtraction angiography (DSA) with or without endovascular intervention for arterial occlusive disease (AOD) were included over a defined study time period. They were divided randomly into (i) standard IC talk, (ii) extended IC talk with a PowerPoint lecture (PP; Microsoft Inc., Redmond, WA, USA), and (iii) extended IC talk with a walking diary (WD). The patients filled out questionnaires before and after treatment and a RAND36 Health Survey during follow-up. The disease knowledge level was quantified by six verbal items. Group comparisons were performed by matched-pair analysis (MPA) and factor analysis by multiple regression analysis and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).

Results
From January 2015 until November 2016, n = 198 patients were enrolled. Remembrance and comprehension rates were in general low and did not improve significantly with additional PP or WD. Age was inversely associated with disease knowledge. Age was also inversely and WD/PP and knowledge level directly associated with mid-term QoL. However, other factors such as care provision and social status were important as well.

Conclusion
Communication with and education of vascular surgery patients is one of the mainstays of treatment and should be continued beyond the legal and formal requirements during treatment and after discharge from hospital in order to keep the QoL as high as possible.
Gluing Compact Matrix Quantum Groups
Authors: Gromada Daniel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe study glued tensor and free products of compact matrix quantum groups with cyclic groups – so-called tensor and free complexifications. We characterize them by studying their representation categories and algebraic relations. In addition, we generalize the concepts of global colourization and alternating colourings from easy quantum groups to arbitrary compact matrix quantum groups. Those concepts are closely related to tensor and free complexification procedures. Finally, we also study a more general procedure of gluing and ungluing.
Degenerate Affine Flag Varieties and Quiver Grassmannians
Authors: Pütz Alexander 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe study finite dimensional approximations to degenerate versions of affine flag varieties using quiver Grassmannians for cyclic quivers. We prove that they admit cellular decompositions parametrized by affine Dellac configurations, and that their irreducible components are normal Cohen-Macaulay varieties with rational singularities.
Usefulness of mirror image processing software for creating images of expected appearance after blepharoptosis surgery
Authors: Mawatari Yuki , Kawaji Takahiro , Kakizaki Hirohiko , Vaidya Aric , Takahashi Yasuhiro 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to evaluate the usefulness of creating images of expected appearance after blepharoptosis surgery using mirror image processing software.

Methods
This prospective, observational study included 60 sides from 30 patients with bilateral aponeurotic blepharoptosis who underwent levator resection or aponeurotic repair on both sides. Before surgery, facial photographs were taken after the eyelid on one side was lifted with a curved hook. The mirror images were created from these photographs and were merged with the original photographs for making the whole facial images, which were shown to each patient at the preoperative counseling. At 1 month postoperatively, we asked patients about the usefulness of the mirror images to predict the postoperative appearance at the preoperative counseling and the similarity between the expected and the resultant postoperative appearance using questionnaires. Margin reflex distance-1, eyebrow height, and pretarsal skin height measured on predictive images were compared with those measured at 1 month postoperatively.

Results
Twenty-nine patients (96.7%) favorably responded to the usefulness of the mirror images to predict the postoperative appearance, and twenty-five patients (83.3%) accepted the similarity between the expected appearance and the actual postoperative appearance. The predictive images showed significantly lower margin reflex distance-1, higher eyebrow height, and higher pretarsal skin height than the postoperative results (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
The creation of expected postoperative images was a useful simulation procedure before blepharoptosis surgery for patients to predict the probable postoperative appearance.
Woody plant species diversity as a predictor of ecosystem services in a social–ecological system of southwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Shumi Girma , Rodrigues Patrícia , Hanspach Jan , Härdtle Werner , Hylander Kristoffer , Senbeta Feyera , Fischer Joern , Schultner Jannik 
Published: December 2020

AbstractContextHuman-dominated landscapes in the tropics need to be managed for biodiversity and the maintenance of ecosystem services (ES). Nevertheless, integrating both biodiversity conservation and ES management remains a challenge.ObjectivesThis study aimed to quantify woody plant species diversity and associated ES in farmland and forests, and investigate the relationship between species and ES diversity.MethodsThe study was conducted in southwestern Ethiopia. We surveyed woody plants in 181 20 m by 20 m plots in farmland, forest with, and forest without coffee management. We also interviewed 180 randomly selected households about woody plant benefits. We then (a) quantified species and ES diversity; and (b) investigated the relationship between species and ES diversity.ResultsWe recorded 128 woody plant species in total. Most ES were available in all land uses, although they differed in their mean availability. ES composition was significantly different among land uses. ES diversity was positively related with species diversity in all land uses.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that all examined land-use types were multifunctional in terms of key ES provided by woody plants and that maintaining high species diversity also benefits ES diversity. Given these findings, we suggest to: (1) strengthen landscape multifunctionality by drawing on the positive relationship between biodiversity and ES diversity; (2) devise conservation policies that encompass entire landscape mosaics and enhance co-benefits of conservation and ES provision across land uses; and (3) conduct further social–ecological studies that use mixed data to elicit socially relevant relationships between biodiversity and ES diversity.
The value of the high, low and close in the estimation of Brownian motion
Authors: Riedel Kurt 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe conditional density of Brownian motion is considered given the max,$$B(t|\max )$$B(t|max), as well as those with additional information:$$B(t|close, \max )$$B(t|close,max),$$B(t|close, \max , \min )$$B(t|close,max,min)where the close is the final value:$$B(t=1)=c$$B(t=1)=cand$$t \in [0,1]$$t∈[0,1]. The conditional expectation and conditional variance of Brownian motion are evaluated subject to one or more of the statistics: the close (final value), the high (maximum), the low (minimum). Computational results displaying both the expectation and variance in time are presented and compared with the theoretical values. We tabulate the time averaged variance of Brownian motion conditional on knowing various extremal properties of the motion. The final table shows that knowing the high is more useful than knowing the final value among other results. Knowing the open, high, low and close reduces the time averaged variance to$$42\%$$42%of the value of knowing only the open and close (Brownian bridge).