bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismic Design of Mid-Rise Reinforced Concrete Structures According to TEC 2007 and TBEC 2018
Authors: Derogar S , Safkan I , Odabas B 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Reinforced concrete (RC) structure are widely used structural system in buildings across the Turkey. The new Turkish standard on earthquake, TBEC 2018: Turkish Building Earthquake Code, was published on 2018 which is replaced for the old earthquake code, TEC 2007: Turkish Earthquake Code-2007. This paper aims to present a comparison between the seismic design provisions of these two codes for the design of mid-rise RC structures. The code provisions in both codes are evaluated and differences in terms of ductility and strength for the design of mid-rise RC structures are highlighted and presented. It was shown that the design base shear is higher when using TBEC 2018 code. A 4-story building is designed according to both codes and then the performance of the structure was evaluated. Due to differences on allowable drift limit, the R and Cd factors, the structure showed different behaviour when design according to both codes which are discussed in detail in this paper. A cost analysis was also carried out and compared for both buildings.
Influence of fillers on structure and behaviour of gypsum mortars
Authors: Doleželová M , Krejsová J , Scheinherrová L , Vimmrová A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Gypsum mortars with different types of lightweight fillers were studied. The importance of gypsum as one of the most environmentally friendly building binder increases nowadays and new ways of its utilization are searched. Using of fillers in the gypsum is generally not necessary, because gypsum does not shrink, but they can be used for economic reasons or to improve the thermal properties or fire resistance of the gypsum material. We studied the structure and properties of the gypsum mortars with three types of lightweight fillers (expanded perlite, expanded clay aggregate, recycled PUR) and compared them with the gypsum mortar with siliceous sand. The SEM analyses were performed together with the mechanical tests. The roughness of the fillers surface and its influence on the structure and properties was studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy. It was found, that the type of the filler has principal impact on the microstructure of gypsum mortars and their properties.
An experimental study on the behavior of fiber-reinforced concrete flexural members under cyclic loading
Authors: Gatabi H R , Celikag M , Bengar H A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
An experimental work was performed to address the cyclic performance of reinforced concrete flexural members containing steel, PVA, and Forta-Ferro fibers. Four full-scale reinforced concrete flexural members having the same geometry were subjected to a one-point bending test with slow cyclic loading. One of the four specimens was a control specimen with 0% fiber volume fraction (Vf), and the other three contained 1.5, 0.6, and 1.5% Vf of steel, Forta-Ferro, and PVA fibers, respectively. The ultimate resistance, ductility, stiffness, dissipation of energy was studied, and the influence that different fibers had on the cyclic performance was evaluated. In general, the cyclic performance of the reinforced concrete flexural members improved by adding fibers, leading to higher ultimate displacement and maximum strength value.
Integrating AHP and GIS as a decision-making tool for the optimal allocation of wind farm: A case study of Syria
Authors: Habib M , Matouk A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Nowadays, renewable energy is commonly applied to ensure a sustainable development and minimize the reliance on fossil fuels. Wind is considered as one of the most significant inexhaustible sources of energy for power generation through turbines. However, choosing an appropriate site of wind farm and designing a turbine array to fit it are a key issue to success as expected. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology has been widely accepted in a number of areas as a decision support system based on analyzing geospatial data to facilitate reaching desired results in shorter time and less cost. The process of establishing the best-suited location of wind parks require analysis of spatial multi-criteria within a GIS environment using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). This research focuses on defining the main factors that influence wind energy development and presents GIS-based land suitability analysis model to determine the optimal allocation of wind farm in Syria. As a part of this study, the procedure of designing geodatabase for wind power plants is illustrated that includes conceptual, logical, and physical design phases. The results show efficiency of the integrated technique in site suitability evaluation of the presented case.
Estimation of compaction characteristics of soils using Atterberg limits
Authors: Hussain A , Atalar C 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Soils are mostly used construction materials. Naturally occurring soils when are used as a construction material their engineering properties need to be determined and they mostly need to be compacted for the improvement of their engineering properties. The determination of these engineering properties becomes a vital process for the successful design of any geotechnical structure. Testing the properties of compaction, optimum water content (OWC), and maximum dry density (MDD), requires high amount of work and consumes a large amount of time in the laboratory. In this paper, an attempt to develop predictive models between liquid limit, and compaction test parameters is made. To achieve this purpose, 8 samples of North Nicosia Kythrea group soils in North Cyprus were subjected to Atterberg limits and compaction laboratory tests. The soils were tested using standard Proctor compaction tests. Stepwise multiple linear regression analyses were carried out on the experimental data and predictive models were developed in terms of liquid limit (LL). Their compaction results were used to validate the proposed models. According to the findings, the R2 values of the models suggested are over 75% and the error variation between the predicted and experimental compaction characteristics values was found to be below ±1. It has been shown that these models will be useful for a preliminary design of earthwork projects which involves Nicosia soils in Cyprus.
A comparative study of critical failure surface determination in slope stability assessment
Authors: Iravanian A , Shlash A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Slope stability analysis and design of manmade slopes has always been a challenging geotechnical problem. Different methods have been developed and created to examine two and three dimensional slope models based on various methods of assumption and assessment. Throughout this study two limit equilibrium, and finite element methods has been used to examine the stability of the slope and to determine the critical slip surface of failure by using PLAXIS, FLAC/Slope and SLOPE/W software programs respectively. Different values of shear strength parameters were chosen to investigate the efficiency of these methods. Various values of unit weight, cohesion, internal friction angle, and their impact on the safety factor were examined. Comparing the results for factor of safety indicated that finite element calculation used in PLAXIS gives more conservative results by 0.5% compared to SLOPE/W program. FLAC/Slope was observed as the most complicated software and finite difference method generally gave the lowest value for factor of safety in comparison with the other methods. Impact of internal friction angle, unit weight, and cohesion on length of failure arc was also evaluated, and no significant relation between length of failure arc (La) and safety factor was detected.
Swell and compressibility characteristics of expansive clays in north Cyprus
Authors: Iravanian Anoosheh , Abdeh Amr 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Expansive clays in semi-arid regions are known as problematic soils especially for low weight civil structures. Volume change is a critical issue, therefore determining expansive clays and quantifying their expandability, retractility and strength is a major step to be considered in geotechnical engineering. This research provides a study on the behaviour of expansive clays done under different geotechnical laboratory experiments on four different types of expansive clayey soils brought from various areas in Northern Cyprus, aiming to prepare a soil-properties map in these regions. Fundamental assessments were performed for determining soil index properties. Swell and consolidation behaviours were determined using one-dimensional oedometer apparatus. The results showed that the rate of the expansiveness of sample the bentonitic clay samples were the highest for the predicted ultimate swell with expandability index categorized as very high. Also, these samples showed the largest compressibility upon the consolidation test results. The results obtained were used to construct a relationship between compression and plasticity Index.
Acoustic and structural design of a highway noise barrier
Authors: Kesten S , Umut Ö , Ayva B 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Highway noise barriers are designed to mitigate the effects of traffic noise along the highway. Noise barriers primarily block the direct path of the sound between the source on the highway and the receiver exposed to the sound. Noise mitigation capability, aesthetics, cost and constructability and structural capacity against wind and earthquake loads are critical parameters to be considered in noise barrier design. The height and length of a noise barrier are determined by acoustical considerations, aesthetics and cost. In addition, the structural design of the noise barrier should meet the established standards. The aim of this study is to evaluate the noise mitigation capabilities, aesthetic features and costs of acoustic designs for the residential buildings located near the urban highway and evaluate the structural performances against wind and earthquake. Through the interviews, the designs higher than 10m are not found acceptable by the residents and also due to the aesthetic concerns the upper part of the noise barrier is set to be constructed as glass. Therefore, the noise reduction capabilities and construction cost and the alternatives that complies with the constraints are determined and the corresponding costs are calculated accordingly. Noise simulation software is used to identify the effectiveness of selected noise barriers and structural analysis and design software is used to evaluate the structural performance. The results show that designed precast lightweight concrete and glass composite noise barrier meet the required noise reduction goal along with a resilient structural performance and affordable cost.
Adaption of construction management aspects and building economic principles to prevent cost overruns in modern timber construction
Authors: Koppelhuber J , Bok M W 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The timber construction industry is subject to continuous development and steady modernisation worldwide. This leads to a compelling necessity regarding highly industrialised and standardised processes – both technological and economical – along the value chain of today’s timber construction. Within this field innovative materials and products (such as cross laminated timber – CLT) in combination with a deeply rooted systematic approach are used to create large span and multi-storey timber structures. The results are displayed in an increased use of (partially) automated machines and production plants, novel (semi-)prefabricated components as well as complex software solutions. However – next to numerous technical researches – numerous aspects within construction management and building economics require intensive investigation. Since the influencing factors from economical point of view have been criminally neglected over the past decades it becomes apparent that aspects such as cost planning and estimation, invitation and call for tender as well as cost calculation of timber construction projects demand comprehensive research. Therefore, an outstanding and all-encompassing investigation has been carried out over the past 6 years in Austria at the University of Technology in Graz [1] to identify, develop and implement building economic principles and relating tools focussing exclusively on timber construction. Therefore, the emphasis was set on the development and practical implementation of timber-specific solutions in order to avoid cost overruns and hidden costs during design, construction and use. Possible approaches to solve this lack of economical and operational instruments in timber construction are discussed in this paper.
Bio-precipitation of CaCO3 for soil improvement: A Review
Authors: Miftah A , Khodadadi Tirkolaei H , Bilsel H 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The bio-mineralization of calcium carbonates is an innovative and eco-friendly technique for improving soil, which has recently become increasingly popular in the field of geotechnical engineering. Different bio-cementation methods are employed for improving granular soils, including microbially-induced CaCO3 precipitation (MICP) and enzymatic-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP). These methods offer innovativeness, effectiveness and sustainability when applied in geotechnical engineering, and have been suggested as possible solutions for various different geotechnical issues. More research has been conducted into MICP compared to EICP. Nevertheless, urease sourced from plants likely offers many benefits over the use of bacteria urease in bio-cementation processes. The present study reviews the mechanisms, possible areas for implementation, related benefits and drawbacks of the bio-cementations techniques. Additionally, it will concentrate on the techniques used in the precipitation of CaCO3 involving the urease hydrolysis of urea. The study findings will enhance the comprehension of biotechnical mechanisms and ensure that geotechnical specialists are suitably informed with up-to-date knowledge on this subject.
Assessment of Bedestan (St. Nicholas Church) on the first decade of conservation works
Authors: Mısırlısoy D , Bilsel N , Safkan I 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
St. Nicholas Church (Bedestan) is one of the most significant monuments located exactly in the centre of the walled city of Nicosia, in the Selimiye Quarter. The significance of the heritage building lies on its temporal transformation. Bedestan initially built by Byzantines in the 5th century, and was later enlarged during the Lusignan, Venetian, Ottoman and British period. Between 2004 and 2009 had gone through conservation works by United Nations Development Programme Partnership for Future (UNDP-PFF) which is funded by European Union. In 2009 the project has won Europa Nostra Award between 140 projects. The project consisted of both architectural and structural strengthening interventions. The aim of the study is to assess current condition of the structure on the first decade of conservation works. The method had three objectives. Firstly, the literature was reviewed in order to understand the historical process of the building. Then, site survey was completed for further understanding of the applied intervention to the structure. Finally, the current condition of the structure was observed after ten years of completed restoration works. Deterioration on used materials as well as durability of strengthening works was assessed and observations were listed herein.
Geo-ecological assessment of job-related diseases in mono-cities of the Russian Federation
Authors: Zinovyeva E G , Koptyakova S V , Balynskaya N R , Chuprin V V , Luntsova A I 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The relevance of the study is due to the importance of the health state and the quality of life among the population in connection with the adverse influence of a number of factors (environment, emission from large enterprises, food quality, and natural resources).
In the list of these factors affecting the health of employees working in industrial enterprises, harmful factors of the working environment are very important, the impact of which under certain conditions leads to high morbidity with temporary disability, to the development of work-related diseases. The results of a study investigating the level of work-related morbidity suggest that the number of employees in hazardous and harmful working conditions at industrial enterprises in Magnitogorsk increased to 42.95%. In 2017, the ratio of workplaces of industrial enterprises that do not meet sanitary and hygienic requirements for noise increased; the same variable (ratio) according to the standards of vibration, microclimate, lighting decreased; no deviations were detected in electromagnetic fields (EMF). Chronic work-related pathology in 2017 more often arose due to imperfection of technological processes (36.65% of cases), imperfection of workplaces (30.0%), structural shortcomings of labor facilities (16.65%) and sanitary facilities (6.65%), labour (working) contact with an infectious agent (10.0%). The results of the study can be used to improve programs at the federal and regional levels to improve the environmental situation.
The structure of the manipulators of industrial robots
Authors: Ten T L , Ivanov V L , Kogay G D , Drozd V G , Te A L 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The paper discusses the specifics of using the technology of applying the force action of servo-drives to manipulator components in accordance with the control signals from the robot control device. Consideration is given to solving the inverse kinematics of manipulators of the robot manipulator in continuous path control. Solving the inverse problem description of dependencies is formed in an analytical and tabular form.
The cost of liquid nitrogen for WBC sessions
Authors: Vasilenok A V , Baranov A Y , Malysheva T A , Filatova O A , Kutyanova L R , Andreev A M , Solonina Y A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The first unit for the whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) used liquid nitrogen (LN). Liquid nitrogen has a low boiling point (-196 °C) and a high heat sink capacity (HSC). The HSC of LN is 260 kJ/kg at a temperature level of -130°C. Approximately 600 kJ of heat should be removed from the body surface of a patient during a WBC session. The average heat flux from the body surface makes up 3.4 kW. The use of liquid nitrogen makes it possible to remove heat without complicated equipment. Refusal to use LN is caused by the temperature in the WBC zone (-110 °C). This fact reduces the efficiency of WBC procedures. Cryoagent consumption is 5 times less than the demand in some units with LN coolings.
Energy and environment options of working fluid alternative for different refrigeration configurations
Authors: Tsvetkov O B , Laptev Yu A , Nikitin A A , Mitropov V V , Sharkov A V , Rakhmanov Yu A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Hydrofluorocarbons, currently used as refrigerants, in air-conditioning systems, for high-temperature heat pump systems in industrial applications are potent greenhouse gases. Their contribution to climate change is to increase. Future use of the hydrofluorocarbons as the hydrochlorofluorocarbons will be phased down. There are very different options to replace them and only a few pure fluids possess the combination of chemical, environmental, thermodynamic, and safety properties necessary for a working fluid. Low global warming potential refrigerants are anticipated to be the refrigerants of choice in industrial applications.
A secondary heat effect on the properties of K70 strength class steel for trunk pipelines
Authors: Sharapova D M , Ganzulenko O Y , Sharapov M G 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The article presents the results of the technological weldability studies for K70 strength class steel. A gradation of the studied semi-finished products by their repairability (by the number of the allowed local reheat of the material during the welding and repair processes) is proposed. The viscosity reducing of the metal in the overheating zone, determined by the magnitude of the impact test with Charpy samples at the temperature – 40° C was a basis for the gradation condition. The influence of the welding heat input and the number of reheats on the HAZ metal viscosity is established. Thus, the obtained results allow us to state the low technological weldability of this steel, taking into the account such an important indicator as the repairability of the material.
Energy efficient technology of waste management by micro-cogeneration
Authors: Rakhmanov Y A , Sergienko O I , Gorbunov G N 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The paper considers possible options for energy-efficient waste management technologies using micro-cogeneration. A typology of energy technologies with micro-cogeneration is proposed depending on the main method of disposal, type of reactor, products of the implementation of the main recycling process, as well as processes and equipment of micro cogeneration technology. A brief overview of the current market situation and trends in the development of energy technologies for waste management is presented. The proposed typology and block diagram can be used in choosing rational energy-efficient technologies for waste management.
Environmental assessment of the Akmola region territories relative to the exposure to diseases of the population by the sigmal deviation method
Authors: Kurmanbayeva A S , Kakabayev A A , Bayazitova Z E , Baikenova G E , Sharipova B U 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the statistical indicators of the population’ sickness in various districts of Akmola region. The object of the work is to conduct an environmental assessment of Akmola region’s districts on the relative risk of morbidity. The following morbidity indicators were studied: blood, blood-forming organs and individual disorders involving the immune mechanism; respiratory organs; oncopathology; digestive organs and general morbidity. The sigmal deviation method was used to find out environmental assessment and ranking of territories. The conclusion is made about the importance of risk assessment for environmentally related diseases for ranking territories, identifying crisis zones and ensuring the well-being of the population. It was revealed that the territory of Akmola region has an uneven anthropogenic impact. It is shown that in areas with a high level of atmospheric pollution and adverse water supply conditions, the medical and environmental situation is extreme or critical. The necessity of constant monitoring of the incidence rate for environmentally caused diseases and the adoption of environmental measures in the identified crisis areas is substantiated. The methods for assessing the risks of morbidity considered in the article can be used to improve the activities of the executive branch of Kazakhstan.
Ecological and economical assessment of efficiency of application of alternative energy sources to achieve the goals of the Climate Strategy of St. Petersburg
Authors: Savoskula V A , Sergienko O I , Pavlova A S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The paper considers the procedure and methodology for assessing the environmental and economic efficiency of using alternative energy sources installed at industrial enterprises, which can significantly reduce climate risks by reducing greenhouse gas emissions in replaced sources. Based on the proposed methodology, the costs of introducing a hybrid solar installation at an electronic equipment manufacturing enterprise were determined, resource efficiency indicators of efficiency and environmental impact, as well as the cost of generated energy, were calculated. It is shown that the application of the methodology will contribute to the selection of the best available technologies for alternative energy and the achievement of the goals of the Climate Strategy of St. Petersburg.