bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic Detection of Fetal Persistent Right Umbilical Vein and Incidence and Significance of Concomitant Anomalies
Authors: li jingyu , Yuan Qian , Ding Hao , Yang Zeyu , Wang Bing , Wang B 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Persistent right umbilical vein (PRUV) is characterized by atresia of the left umbilical vein while the right umbilical vein remains open. Given the limited sample size of most studies, the incidence of PRUV and the status of concomitant anomalies may not be fully reflected. Thus, we studied the incidence of fetal PRUV and its concomitant anomalies on a larger scale using our hospital database. This study hoped to address the following questions: Does PRUV increase the risk of fetal anomalies? If the PRUV fetus also has a single umbilical artery (SUA), does the risk of fetal anomaly increase further? What is the positive predictive value of PRUV for fetal anomalies? Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 756 cases of fetal PRUV at our hospital from January 2007 to April 2017. Prenatal ultrasound and color Doppler images were assessed. All PRUV fetuses underwent echocardiography and detailed ultrasound examinations of other systems. Newborn status was obtained via the database or by telephone follow-up. Results: A total of 435,428 pregnant women underwent prenatal ultrasonography at 16–40 weeks, the incidence of fetal PRUV was 0.17%, and 102 fetuses (13.5%) developed other anomalies. Two complicated cases had trisomy 18. PRUV was associated with a higher incidence of fetal anomalies. When fetal anomalies were classified by body systems, PRUV was associated with a higher incidence of cardiovascular, nervous, urinary, skeletal, digestive, and respiratory system anomalies. The positive predictive values of a PRUV for any fetal anomalies and cardiovascular anomalies were 13.5% (95%CI, 11.2%–16.2%) and 5.4% (95%CI, 4.0%–7.3%), respectively. SUA further increases the risk of PRUV fetuses with other anomalies and cardiovascular anomalies. Conclusions: Detailed prenatal ultrasonography and echocardiography should be performed in fetuses with PRUV to rule out anomalies in other systems.When the PRUV is combined with SUA, echocardiography is particularly important. Fetuses with complicated PRUV should undergo chromosomal examination. Although isolated fetal PRUV prognosis is good, complicated PRUV prognosis depends on the type and severity of the concomitant anomalies.
Moving towards a competency-based curriculum: Analyses of patients’ information and students’ evaluation in geriatric and special care dentistry
Authors: Limpuangthip Nareudee , Komin Orapin , Tatiyapongpaiboon Teerawut 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: There is no core competency for geriatric dentistry and special patient care (GSP) in Thailand. Therefore, a GSP program was developed as a knowledge-based curriculum. The purpose of this study was to describe the development and architecture of the GSP curriculum by analysing information of the patients attending the GSP clinic and students’ evaluation to move towards a competency-based curriculum. Comparisons with the original GSP curriculum and future direction are discussed.Methods: The development and architecture of the GSP curriculum were described. Information of the 130 patients attending the GSP clinic, and those who participated in a maintenance recall was analysed. Students’ evaluation was performed using a questionnaire comprising 21 items within 7 domains based on the ASEAN University Network-Quality Assurance (AUN-QA) checklist. The responses were made using a 5-point ordinal scale ranging from totally agree to totally disagree.Results: Only 50% of the patients attended a maintenance recall to be assessed for their oral and general health. Among the recalled patients, 74.2% reported emerging problems. The AUN-QA questionnaire responses indicated that students mostly agreed with the program specification, teaching and learning approach, students’ assessment methods, student quality, and support domains. Indifferent reactions were predominantly on the expected learning outcomes, a clear contribution of each course, timely student feedback, academic staff quality, and output domains. The modified curriculum was developed based on the patients’ information and students’ evaluation. The original and modified GSP curricula were compared.Conclusions: Information analysis of the patients and students’ evaluation are essential to move a knowledge-based curriculum for geriatric and special patient care dentistry towards a competency-based curriculum that is appropriate for the patients’ condition and serve students’ requirements. Oral health care in elderly and special care patients requires a multidisciplinary approach, and should encompass oral disease problems, behavior and social context.
Interleukin-35 inhibited production of histamine and pro-inflammatory cytokines through suppression MAPKs pathway in HMC-1 cells
Authors: Fu Lixin , Chen Tao , Sun Qiaomei , Zhou Peimei , Guo Zai-pei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: IL-35 is a newly anti-inflammatory cytokine which belong to the IL-12 family. Mast cells, as one of the major effector cells in the immune response system, play important roles in the pathogenesis of chronic spontaneous urticarial (CSU). The aim of our study is to explore the inhibited role of IL-35 in HMC-1. Methods: The effects of IL-35 on cell proliferation, cytokine expression and histamine release in human mast cell line (HMC­1) were investigated by CCK8, ELISA or RT-PCR. The phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 and JNK1/2, in PMA and A23187 induced HMC-1 cells were detected by Western Blot.Results: We found that IL-35 significantly inhibited the proliferation of HMC-1 cells stimulated by PMA and A23187. IL-35 also down-regulates the released of histamine and the mRNA expression of IL-6 and IL-17 in activated HMC-1. Furthermore, IL-35 markedly inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 and JNK1/2, in PMA and A23187 induced HMC-1 cells. Conclusions: This study provides first observations on the inhibitory and anti-inflammtory effect of IL-35 on activated HMC-1 cells. We suggest that IL35 may play an inhibited role in the pathogenesis of CSU.
Establishment and verification of the nomogram that predicts the 3-year recurrence risk of epithelial ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Hu Jun , Jiao Xiaobing , Zhu Lirong , Guo Hongyan , Wu Yumei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background As we all know, patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma have poor prognosis and high recurrence rate. It is critical and challenging to screen out the patients with high risk of recurrence. At present, there are some models predicting the overall survival of epithelial ovarian carcinoma, however, there is no widely accepted tool or applicable model predicting the recurrence risk of epithelial ovarian carcinoma patients. The objective of this study was to establish and verify a nomogram to predict the recurrence risk of EOC.Methods We reviewed the clinicopathological and prognostic data of 193 patients with EOC who achieved clinical complete remission after cytoreductive surgery and chemotherapy between January 2003 and December 2013 in Peking University First Hospital. The nomogram was established with the risk factors selected by LASSO regression. The medical data of 187 EOC patients with 5-year standard follow-up in Peking University Third Hospital and Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital were used for external validation of the nomogram. AUC curve and Hosmer-Lemeshow test were used to evaluate the discrimination and calibration.Results The nomogram for 3-year recurrence risk was established with FIGO stage, histological grade, histological type, lymph node metastasis status and serum CA125 level at diagnosis. The total score can be obtained by adding the grading values of these factors together. The C statistics was 0.828 [95% CI, 0.764-0.884] and the Chi-square value is 3.6 (P=0.731>0.05) with the training group. When the threshold value was set at 198, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and concordance index were 88.8%, 67.0%, 71.8%, 86.3% and 0.558 respectively. In the external validation, the C statistics was 0.803 [95%CI, 0.738-0.867] and the Chi-square value is 11.04 (P=0.135>0.05). With the threshold value of 198, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and concordance index of the nomogram were 75.7%, 77.0%, 83.2%, 67.9%, and 0.52 respectively.Conclusions We established and validated a nomogram to predict 3-year recurrence risk of patients with EOC who achieved clinical complete remission after cytoreductive surgery and chemotherapy. This nomogram with good discrimination and calibration might be useful for screening out the patients with high risk of recurrence.
Investigation the differences between the medical personnel’s and general population’s view on the doctor-patient relationship in China by a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Sang Tianqing , Zhou Hongli , Li Muhan , Li Wenting , Shi Haibo , Chen Haibin , Zhou Hongguang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Due to economic development and an increase in the aging population, the demand for medical resources is increasing. A good doctor-patient relationship (DPR) can optimize patients’ medical experience and improve treatment efficiency. The DPR, however, is currently in crisis in China. To explore ways to improve DPR, this study assessed the views on the status of the DPR, medical services, and the general situation of medical work among medical personnel (MP) and the general population (GP).Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted between December 2019 and March 2020, targeted the MP and the GP in Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, and Zhengzhou City, Henan Province. A total of 154 MP and 329 GP answered a self-administered questionnaire through Questionnaire Star and WeChat apps. Wilcoxon's Sign Rank Test, Chi-square test, and frequency distributions and percentages were used to process the data.Results: Only 11.04% of the MP and 14.89% of the GP believed that the current DPR was harmonious. Moreover, 54.55% of the MP and 71.12% of the GP believed that the medical industry was a service industry. While 14.29% of the MP and 64.44% of the GP thought medical stuff earned high salaries, 19.48% of the MP and 47.11% of the GP wanted their children to be in the medical industry. The recognition of the current status of the DPR did not affect the GP’s preference for their children's practice (p<0.05). Most MP hoped to improve salaries (40.26%), followed by safety (17.53%) and social status (12.99%); only 8.44% of the MP wanted to improve the DPR.Conclusion: The MP’s and GP’s views on the current status of DPR, the importance of medical service attitudes, and the general sense of the medical industry were similar. However, there was a significant difference in the perception of the nature of medical services and the income of the people employed in the medical industry between the two groups. Balancing the expectations of patients in the medical industry and increasing public awareness of the actual situation in the medical industry may be a feasible way to improve the DPR.
Risk Factors for Exposure of Baerveldt Glaucoma Drainage Implants: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Edo Ayaka , Jian Koji , Kiuchi Yoshiaki 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Glaucoma drainage implant exposure is one of the serious complications after glaucoma drainage implant surgery. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the risk factors for exposure of the device after implantation of a Baerveldt glaucoma drainage implant.Methods: This is a retrospective review of the medical records of all patients who underwent Baerveldt glaucoma drainage implant surgery at the Hiroshima University Hospital between April 1, 2012 and October 31, 2016, and who were followed for at least 6 months after surgery. We examined the risk factors for implant exposure based on data obtained from the medical records, with particular focus on the differences in implant models.Results: A total of 80 eyes from 80 patients were identified; all patients were Japanese. In this study, the rate of Baerveldt glaucoma drainage implant exposure was 15.0% (12 of 80). The exposure rate of the BG 102-350 was tended to be higher than that for the BG 101-350 and BG 103-250 (p=0.092; adjusted odds ratio=3.34; 95% confidence interval, 0.82–13.58). In the patients who had diabetic mellitus, the BG 102-350 showed a significant risk of implant exposure (p=0.038; adjusted odds ratio =15.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.17–202.59).Conclusions: In Baerveldt glaucoma drainage implant surgery in patients with diabetes, using the BG 102-350 was associated with greater risk of implant exposure compared with using BG 101-350 or BG 103-250.
Transcription strategies related to photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism of wheat in response to nitrogen deficiency
Authors: Liu Xin , Yin Chengmiao , Xiang Li , Jiang Weitao , Xu Shaozhuo , Mao Zhiquan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: It is a great challenge to reduce nitrogen application without yield reduction in agricultural production. Screening response gene related to important pathways will be helpful to understand the physiology, metabolism, and morphology response of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under nitrogen deficiency condition. Results: We conducted a hydroponic experiment with two nitrogen levels, which were complete nutrient solution (N1) and nutrient solution without nitrogen (N0). The results showed that the wheat phenotype were greatly changed under nitrogen deficiency, e.g., the decreased crop height, leaf area, root volume, photosynthetic rate, crop weight, and the increased root length, root surface area and root/shoot ratio. After a comprehensive analysis of the phenotype, transcriptome, GO pathways and KEGG pathways of wheat under nitrogen deficiency, we found that, the up-regulated Exp (24 genes) and Nrt (9 genes) families members were the positive response related to the increase of nitrogen absorption; the down-regulated Pet (3 genes), Psb (8 genes), Nar (3 genes) and Nir (1 genes) were related to the limitation of photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism. Conclusions: This study provides 48 reference genes for improving photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism of wheat under nitrogen deficiency, which can provide molecular markers for gene editing breeding.
The effects of BMMSC treatment on lung degeneration in elderly macaques
Authors: Yang Yukun , Ruan Guangping , Li Ye , Wang Yanying , Tian Chuan , Wang Qiang , He Huanyu , Zhu Gaohong , Fang Dong , Wang Mao , ZHU Xiangqing , Pan Xinghua 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Age-related degeneration of lung tissues increases the risk of lung injury and exacerbates lung disease. It is also the main risk factor for chronic lung diseases (such as COPD, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, cancer, etc.).Methods: we performed systematic screening, evaluation of elderly macaque model. A senile multiple organ dysfunction model was used to explored whether BMMSCS could improve degeneration of lung tissues in an elderly macaque model.Results: Using model evaluation tests, we found that the average alveolar area, Mean linear intercept（MLI） and fibrosis area in the elderly macaque models were significantly larger than in young rhesus monkeys (P <0.05), and the capillary density around the alveoli was significantly lower than in young macaque models (P <0.05). Intraveous infusion of BMMSCS reduced the degree of pulmonary fibrosis in elderly macaque, increased the density of capillaries around the alveoli (P <0.05), and the number of type Ⅱ alveolar epithelium in elderly macaque (P <0.05). BMMSCS infusion reduced lung tissue ROS level, systemic and lung tissue inflammation level and Treg cell ratio in elderly macaque model（P＜0.05）. Indirect co-cultivation revealed that BMMSCS reduced the expression of senescence-related genes, ROS levels, apoptosis rate of aging type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells (A549 cells) and promoted their proliferation (P＜0.05).Conclusions: BMMSC treatment can improve age-related degeneration of macaque lung tissue
Molecular Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Structural Genes: Evidence of Positive Selection in the Spike Glycoprotein
Authors: Zhan Xiao-Yong , Zhang Ying , Zhou Xuefu , Huang Ke , Qian Yichao , Leng Yang , Yan Leping , Huang Bihui , He Yulong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: SARS-CoV-2 has caused a global pandemic since early 2020 and remains a serious public health issue worldwide. Four structural genes, envelope (E), membrane (M), nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S), play a key role in controlling entry into human cells and virion assembly of SARS-CoV-2. The evolution of these genes may determine infectivity of SARS-CoV-2, but thus far, little is known about them. Methods: We analyzed 3090 SARS-CoV-2 isolates from the GenBank database to determine the evolutionary patterns of the four structural genes by employing various molecular evolution algorithms. Results: Phylogenetic analyses showed that global SARS-CoV-2 isolates can be clustered into three to four major clades based upon protein sequence. Although intragenic recombination was not detected among different alleles, purifying selection has affected the evolution of these genes. By analyzing full genomic sequences of these alleles, our result revealed that codon 614 of the S glycoprotein has been subjected to a strong positive selection pressure, and a consistent D614G mutation was identified. Additionally, another potentially positive selection site at codon 5 in the signal sequence of the S protein was also identified with a consistent L5F mutation. The allele containing the D614G mutation has undergone significant expansion during SARS-CoV-2 transmission, implying a better adaptability of isolates with the mutation. Nevertheless, L5F allele expansion was found to be relatively restricted. The D614G mutation is located at subdomain 2 (SD2) of the C-terminal portion (CTP) of the S1 subunit. Protein structural modeling showed that the D614G mutation may cause the disruption of a salt bridge between S protein monomers and increase their flexibility, consequently promoting receptor binding domain (RBD) opening, virus attachment, and ultimately entry into host cells. Located at the signal sequence of S protein, the L5F mutation may facilitate protein folding, assembly, and secretion of the virus. Conclusions: This is the first reported evidence of positive Darwinian selection in the spike gene of SARS-CoV-2. This finding contributes to a broader understanding of the adaptive mechanisms of this virus, and provide insight for the development of novel therapeutic approaches, as well as the creation of effective vaccines, through targeting mutation sites.
Design of a robot-assisted system for transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic lumbar surgeries: study protocol
Authors: Fan Ning , Yuan Shuo , Du Peng , Zhu Wenyi , Li Liang , Hai Yong , Ding Hui , Wang Guangzhi , Zang Lei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

Transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic lumbar surgeries (PELS) for lumbar disc herniation and spinal stenosis are growing in popularity. However, there are some problems in the establishment of the working channel and foraminoplasty such as nerve and blood vessel injuries, more radiation exposure, and steeper learning curve. Rapid technological advancements have allowed robotic technology to assist surgeons in improving the accuracy and safety of surgeries. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a robot-assisted system for transforaminal PELS, which can provide navigation and foraminoplasty.

Methods

The robot-assisted system consists of three systems: preoperative planning system, navigation system, and foraminoplasty system. In the preoperative planning system, 3D visualization of the surgical segment and surrounding tissues are realized using the multimodal image fusion technique of Computed tomography and Magnetic resonance imaging, and the working channel planning is carried out to reduce the risk for injury to vital blood vessels and nerves. In the navigation system, the robot can obtain visual perception ability from a visual receptor and automatically adjust the robotic platform and robot arm to the appropriate positions according to the patient’s position and preoperative plan. In addition, the robot can automatically register the surgical target through intraoperative fluoroscopy. After that, the robot will provide navigation using the 6 degree-of-freedom (DOF) robot arm according to the preoperative planning system and guide the surgeon to complete the establishment of the working channel. In the foraminoplasty system, according to the foraminoplasty planning in the preoperative planning system, the robot performs foraminoplasty automatically using the high speed burr at the end of the robot arm. The system can provide real-time feedback on the working status of the bur through multi-mode sensors such as multidimensional force, position, and acceleration. Finally, a prototype of the system is constructed and performance tests are conducted.

Discussion

Our study will develop a robot-assisted system to perform transforaminal PELS, and this robot-assisted system can also be used for other percutaneous endoscopic spinal surgeries such as interlaminar PELS and percutaneous endoscopic cervical and thoracic surgeries through further research. The development of this robot-assisted system can be of great significance. First, the robot can improve the accuracy and efficiency of endoscopic spinal surgeries. In addition, it can avoid multiple intraoperative fluoroscopies, minimize exposure to both patients and the surgical staff, shorten the operative time, and improve the learning curve of beginners, which is beneficial to the popularization of percutaneous endoscopic spinal surgeries.
Collapsin response mediator protein 4 enhances radio-sensitivity through calcium-mediated cell signaling
Authors: Park Sang Yoon , Kim Jong-Tae , Park Eun Sun , Hwang Yo Sep , Yoon Hyang Ran , Baek Kyoung Eun , Jung Haiyoung , Yoon Suk Ran , Kim Bo Yeon , Cho Hee Jun , Lee Hee Gu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Radiation therapy, an effective treatment modality against various types of cancer including colorectal cancer, reduces local recurrence rate despite damaging both normal and cancer cells. However, the presence of cancer cells resistant to radiation therapy remains a major therapeutic obstacle; thus, understanding the mechanisms underlying radiation resistance is an important step toward achieving successful outcomes in cancer treatment. Hence, in the present study, radioresistant cell lines were established and the radiation-induced genetic changes associated with radiation resistance were examined.Methods: We generated radioresistant colorectal cancer cell lines and subjected them to RNA sequencing. To know the relationship between CRMP4 downregulation and radiation resistance, western blotting and flow cytometry were used.Results: CRMP4 was identified as the candidate gene associated with radiation sensitivity. The intracellular Ca2+ concentrations increased when cells were exposed to radiation, which in turn, initiated apoptosis. Decreased CRMP4 expression enhanced resistance to radiation and Ca2+ ionophore A23187. Conversely, Ca2+ deficiency by BAPTA-AM caused higher cell death in CRMP4-depleted cells than in CRMP4-expressing cells.Conclusion: Our results indicated that CRMP4 influences Ca2+ signaling pathways involved in apoptosis, and that CRMP4 is critical for radiation sensitivity in colorectal cancer as it can sensitize cancer cells to radiation therapy.