bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The psychosocial health needs of bisexual men in Senegal: A research translation experience
Authors: Martínez-Pérez G , Nabil F , Mbaye E , Nkoum N 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Criminalization of same-sex relations is a driver of the HIV epidemic. Whilst LGBT activists advocate for social change in sub-Saharan Africa, men who engage in same-sex relations -many of which have sex with women (MSM/W)- face obstacles in all steps of the HIV cascade of care. In Senegal, research on MSM/W has been authorized given their assigned status as a key population in the fight against HIV. In 2018-19, a grounded theory research was done with the aim to understand the health experiences of MSM/W in Dakar.

Methods
Individual interviews were conducted with 19 MSM/W. Respondents were recruited with the aid of local grassroots. A non-structured life story guide was used to help them recall in chronological order their experiences with healthcare.

Results
No major constraints in using HIV services were expressed. There were narratives of self-hatred, internalized homophobia, emotional stress, sleep disorders, and low self-esteem. A few mentioned suicidal thoughts. Histories of sexual abuse, and feelings of sexual orientation being passed on by the perpetrators were common. Fear of hatred and violence caused some respondents to pursue heterosexual relationships, and, in a few cases, to resort to spiritual healers to change their sexual identity. In spite of religion being identified as a fueler of stigmatization, many found relief in practicing Islam.

Conclusions
Findings informed a Training Program on MSM/W Psychosocial Health, which will target 100 healthcare workers in 2020. This study shows that psychosocial health for MSM/W needs to be promoted not just as a component in the Zero HIV Transmission for 2030 efforts. It is time to move from an HIV Care for All MSM to a Wellbeing for All MSM paradigm. Further research on same-sex identities as determinants of diseases other than HIV is needed. Human rights should be at the fore of efforts to build capacities to tackle the psychosocial needs of all MSM/W in Senegal.
Green Deal as a Climate Changes Dam on the Road to Health
Authors: Jevtic M , Bouland C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Public health professionals (PHP) have a dual task in climate change. They should persuade their colleagues in clinical medicine of the importance of all the issues covered by the GD. The fact that the health sector contributes to the overall emissions of 4.4% speaks to the lack of awareness within the health sector itself. The issue of providing adequate infrastructure for the health sector is essential. Strengthening the opportunities and development of the circular economy within healthcare is more than just a current issue. The second task of PHP is targeting the broader population. The public health mission is being implemented, inter alia, through numerous activities related to environmental monitoring and assessment of the impact on health. GD should be a roadmap for priorities and actions in public health, bearing in mind: an ambitious goal of climate neutrality, an insistence on clean, affordable and safe energy, a strategy for a clean and circular economy. GD provides a framework for the development of sustainable and smart transport, the development of green agriculture and policies from field to table. It also insists on biodiversity conservation and protection actions. The pursuit of zero pollution and an environment free of toxic chemicals, as well as incorporating sustainability into all policies, is also an indispensable part of GD. GD represents a leadership step in the global framework towards a healthier future and comprises all the non-EU members as well. The public health sector should consider the GD as an argument for achieving goals at national levels, and align national public health policies with the goals of this document. There is a need for stronger advocacy of health and public-health interests along with incorporating sustainability into all policies. Achieving goals requires the education process for healthcare professionals covering all of topics of climate change, energy and air pollution to a much greater extent than before.
Innovative ways in providing energy – towards improving health
Authors: Van Den Hazel P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Energy issues in the world demand new innovative ways of providing us with energy. Innovations sometimes go faster than that the health sector can study the disadvantages for health. The burden of disease might change due to new forms of energy.
Heat pumps is one example of a new form of energy that has also health disadvantages in use. Noise is one major issue in the use of heat pumps. There is a limited amount of studies on the use of heat pumps in densely populated areas in cities. Other forms of energy transition such as wind turbines are another source of concern.

Methods
Literature review

Results
The use of heat pumps has problems in the application by its users. The installation is not always adequate causing more noise problems.
Wind turbines show problems with low frequency noise, shadow and general wellbeing of persons living in the neighbourhood.

Conclusions
Good practices could save a lot of hindrance and health effects.
Strengthening health promotion policy
Authors: De Leeuw E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Policy development and implementation are too often considered the 'autonomous' result of a mix of good evidence production and social support for change. But both these policy drivers need to be created, supported, and - to be honest - manipulated toward the best possible configuration of different intervention modalities (or 'policy instruments') involving ranges of audiences (from the traditional 'risk group' to a much more fuzzy caste of politicians at many different levels of governments and governance). Whereas there is an acknowledgement that intervention development and evaluation must take into account multi-level complexity thinking, the realisation that this must translate into a similarly complex world of policy development has not yet sunk in.
This presentation will review the interface between (a) the available evidence and knowledge bases for health promotion policy effectiveness; (b) the role and deceptive nature of social, political and determinants of health and political action; and (c) the nature of deliberative democracy and its various forms (e.g., 'participatory budgeting') and the prerogative of community action. I will claim - and demonstrate - that the discipline of health political science has made available functional toolkits for shaping and investigating systematically the policy process for health. Particularly, we need to progress our thinking from traditional mono-paradigmatic empirical research only, to a dynamic world of hybridisation of theories and practices. I will demonstrate the feasibility of this approach by showing the new policy opportunities that can be created by combining policy network research with language frame network mapping.
Hybrid team based learning-personalised education for teaching epidemiology in public health degrees
Authors: Ha T , Kemp B , Wallace M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
University education in Australia and internationally involves teaching diverse students: in terms of age, life experience, previous degrees completed, and level of English competency. In Australia the Bachelors of Public Health (BPH) at The University of Wollongong, epidemiology is a core subject. It aims to equip students with the knowledge and skills needed to design, critique and interpret studies that investigate why different populations experience different health outcomes. A student-centred learning strategy; Hybrid Team Based Learning and Personalised Education teaching strategy (HTBL-PE) was created to maximise academic success. Each phase has a distinct purpose based on learning theories (e.g. TBL, Bloom's taxonomy and Vygotsky). HTBL-PE aims to systematically build students abilities; strengthen self-confidence and belief, by teaching the way students learn and harnessing the capabilities of the team to strengthen the individual.

Objectives
HTBL-PE was evaluated in spring 2019 in the BPH, where their experiences at the beginning and end of semester were measured.

Results
In total 73 out of 84 enrolled students provided data at both time-points (87%). At the end of the semester, the vast majority of students indicated their interest in epidemiology had increased (93%), critical thinking had improved (92%), and confidence as independent learners had increased (86%). Outcomes did not differ significantly by gender or across learning styles. More than two thirds of students had already applied learnings from this subject in other settings (67%). Students' final mark for this subject was significantly higher than their Weighted Average Mark (WAM) prior to the semester (+17.4, p &lt; 0.001). Average scores for the subject were &gt; 84/100 with a &lt; 0.5% failure rate.

Conclusions
HTBL-PE has positive learning outcomes; low failure rates, increased confidence in learning and themselves, increased interest in epidemiology and high overall scores in the subject.

Key messages
An effective new innovative teaching strategy resulted in a subject average score &gt; 84/100 and &lt;0.5% failure rate. The vast majority of students reported increased confidence as independent lifelong learners, critical thinking, confidence in epidemiology (knowledge, skills, and attitudes) and themselves.
Risk of infection in antimicrobial-resistant Gram-negative bacteria carriers: A systematic review
Authors: Arzilli G , Scardina G , Casigliani V , Moi M , Lucenteforte E , Petri D , Rello J , Manissero D , Lopalco P L , Tavoschi L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Antimicrobial-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (AMR-GNB) have emerged as important health care-associated pathogens. Infections with AMR-GNB are associated with high patient morbidity and attributable mortality. Colonization is a prerequisite for infection, however the extent to which colonized patients develop infection is unclear. This systematic review explored the risk of developing infection during hospitalisation among AMR-GNB faecal carriers. Also, we investigated the acquisition rate for AMR-GNB colonization among patients not colonized at admission.

Methods
We searched on PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane databases for studies published from 2010 up to April 2019. We included studies reporting on hospitalised patients ≥18 years old in high-income countries (excluding long-term care facilities).

Results
Out of 9496 articles, 55 studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Forty-two studies reported data from EU/EEA, 6 from USA and 7 from other regions. Almost all studies (n = 45) were conducted in university hospitals. Most studies (n = 41;74.5%) were performed in high-risk wards (ICU, haematology, burn units and transplant units). Out of 55 studies, 8 examined AMR-GNB, 27 Enterobacteriaceae, while the others investigated specific pathogens: Klebsiella spp. (n = 11), E. Coli (n = 2), A. Baumannii (n = 3) and P. Aeruginosa (n = 4). The rate of AMR-GNB carriage acquisition was 10.5% (n = 40 studies; 95% CI:8.2-13.1). The risk of progression to infection among patients colonized at hospital admission was 13.9% (n = 15; 5.4-24.9), while the infection rate in patients who acquired carriage during hospitalization was 23.0% (n = 7; 5.9-45.2). Patients with an undefined time of colonization presented an infection rate of 16.9% (n = 13; 11.2-23.4). Considering these three populations as a whole, the risk of developing infection was 16.0% (11.0-21.0).

Conclusions
Our results suggest that risk of progression to infection in AMR-GNB colonized patients in hospital setting is high.

Key messages
The aim of our study was to estimate the risk of progression to infection, during hospital stay, in patients colonized by AMR-GNB at hospital admission in high-income countries. Our results suggest that faecal colonization with AMR-GNB poses a 16.0% risk of subsequent AMR-GNB infection. This risk in higher (23.0%) in patients who acquired colonization during hospitalisation.
AI detection of M. Tuberculosis pathogens using Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) analyses
Authors: Dedicatoria M , Klaus S , Case R , Na S , Ludwick E , Wu D , Quattrochi L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Rapid identification of pathogens is critical to outbreak detection and sentinel surveillance; however most diagnoses are made in laboratory settings. Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and computer vision offer unprecedented opportunities to facilitate detection and reduce response time in field settings. An initial step is the creation of analysis algorithms for offline mobile computing applications.

Methods
AI models to identify objects using computer vision are typically “trained” on previously labeled images. The scarcity of labeled image-libraries creates a bottleneck, requiring thousands of labor hours to annotate images by hand to create “training data.” We describe the applicability of Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) methods to amass sufficient training data with minimal manual input.

Results
Our AI models are built with a performance score of 0.84-0.93 for M. Tuberculosis, a measure of the AI model's accuracy using precision and recall. Our results demonstrate that our GAN pipeline boosts model robustness and learnability of sparse open source data.

Conclusions
The use of labeled training data to identify M. Tuberculosis developed using our GAN pipeline techniques demonstrates the potential for rapid identification of known pathogens in field settings. Our work paves the way for the development of offline mobile computing applications to identify pathogens outside of a laboratory setting. Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and computer vision offer unprecedented opportunities to decrease detection time in field settings by combining these technologies. Further development of these capabilities can improve time-to-detection and outbreak response significantly.

Key messages
Rapidly deploy AI detectors to aid in disease outbreak and surveillance. Our concept aligns with deploying responsive alerting capabilities to address dynamic threats in low resource, offline computing environs.
Positive association between depression and educational outcomes among young adults
Authors: Smirnov I , Dementeva J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
It has been previously shown that depression is negatively associated with the academic performance of university students. These results, however, rely on university grades and, thus, do not allow comparison of students from different educational organizations. As a result, the relationship between academic performance and depression on a population level is not well known.
We use data from the Russian panel study 'TrEC' that tracks 4,893 participants since 2011. This panel is nationally representative for one age cohorts (13-14 years old in 2011). The data set includes educational outcomes of students measured using standardized tests (PISA scores and scores at Unified State Examination). In 2018, participants filled PHQ-9. At that point, many of them were in the first year of their Master's programs.
The prevalence of depression (PHQ-9 &gt; = 10) was 20% for women and 11% for men. We find no association between PHQ-9 scores for women and their PISA scores, Pearson's r = 0.01 (CI95% = [-0.03, 0.06]), however we find positive association for men, r = 0.16 (CI95% = [0.11, 0.20]). This corresponds to a relative risk of being depressed for the highest performing men (PISA levels 5 and 6) of 1.6.
This result holds after controlling for the socioeconomic status of participants and the fact of studying at university. For those participants who study at a university, it is possible to additionally control for the selectivity of their university as the average academic performance of enrollees is publicly available information for Russian universities. We find that the personal educational outcomes rather than the selectivity of the university explain the results.
It is generally believed that educational outcomes are negatively associated with depression. We find no such association for women and a positive association for men. This result might be particular to Russia or to a certain age cohort. In any case, they highlight the need for more research in this area.

Key message
We use data from a nationally representative panel and find that educational outcomes measured by a standardized test are positively associated with depression for young men but not for young women.
Is the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire applicable to lower educated adolescents?
Authors: Theunissen M , de Wolff M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire self-report (SDQ-SR) is a widely used instrument to identify emotional and behavioral problems by Preventive Child Healthcare (PCH). It is a valid instrument in more highly educated adolescents, however evidence regarding lower educated adolescents (vocational school) is lacking. The aim of this study was to compare the psychometric properties of the SDQ-SR when used with less well and more highly educated ('higher') adolescents, and to explore opinions of adolescents and PCH professionals regarding its suitability.

Methods
We included 426 adolescents (130 lower and 296 higher educated), who completed the SDQ-SR. We compared how the psychometric properties (i.e. internal consistency) applied to lower and higher educated adolescents. We assessed whether the five-factor structure of the SDQ is invariant across different educational levels. Moreover, we interviewed 24 adolescents from pre-vocational secondary education schools, and performed online focus group interviews with 17 PCH professionals.

Results
The internal consistencies (Cronbach's alphas) per SDQ scale were comparable for lower and higher educated adolescents. On most subscales the lower educated adolescents had higher mean scores than the higher educated adolescents. Findings on differences by educational level for the other psychometric properties, i.e. multi-group invariance and single group (CFA) analyses, were inconsistent, with some measures showing unequal factor loadings but others not. Although professionals and lower educated adolescents reported that the SDQ includes many outdated and difficult words, professionals nevertheless perceived the SDQ-SR as a valid instrument.

Conclusions
The psychometric properties of the SDQ-SR are sufficient for use among lower educated adolescents. However, for optimal implementation in PCH there is a need for improvement in the wording of the SDQ, as expressed by both professionals and adolescents.

Key messages
The psychometric properties of the SDQ are sufficient for use among lower educated adolescents. For optimal implementation the SDQ needs to be updated in more understandable language.
Mental health, health and healthcare utilization of asylum seeking and refugee children in Germany
Authors: Costa D , Biddle L , Bozorgmehr K 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The mental health condition and healthcare needs of asylum seeking and refugee (ASR) children are essential aspects of health services organization. We describe the relation between psychosocial functioning, health status and healthcare use of ASR children in Germany using a cross-sectional population-based survey.

Methods
560 ASR adults in 58 collective accommodations in Germany's 3rd largest federal state were randomly sampled and assessed in 2018 (response rate: 42%). 126 participants answered the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to assess children' psychosocial functioning with higher scores suggesting poorer functioning. SDQ dimensions (Emotional; Conduct; Peer; Hyperactivity; ProSocial; Total) were compared by demographics, health (long-lasting illness, physical limitation, pain) and healthcare use (unmet need for a pediatrician/specialist, hospital/emergency department visits). Age and sex-adjusted odds ratios (AOR, 95%CI, Confidence Intervals) for presenting borderline/abnormal scores for each SDQ dimension were computed using logistic regression models depending on children' health and healthcare use.

Results
Valid data of 90 ASR children was analyzed: 57% girls; 40% 10-17 years; 58% from East/West Asia; 56% in Germany for more than a year. A borderline/abnormal SDQ Total score was associated with pain (compared to no pain, AOR, 95%CI=3.14, 1.21-8.10) and with an unmet need for a specialist (4.57, 1.09-19.16). High scores (borderline/abnormal) in the SDQ Emotional dimension were positively associated with a long-lasting illness (5.25, 1.57-17.55), physical limitation (4.28, 2.48-12.27) and pain (3.00, 1.10-8.22), and negatively associated with visiting a pediatrician (0.23, 0.07-0.78), a specialist (0.16, 0.04-0.69) and the emergency department (0.27, 0.08-0.96).

Conclusions
Somatic clinical encounters with ASR children should include the assessment of mental health symptomatology, especially in those with worst physical health conditions.

Key messages
Among asylum seeking and refugee children, a poor physical condition and unmet medical needs are linked with poorer mental health. Provision of care to this vulnerable group must include mental health.
Births, miscarriages and induced abortions among foreign born women in Finland
Authors: Jokela S , Koukkula M , Lilja E , Klemetti R , Koponen P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The increasing number of foreign-born women living in Finland has raised a need for more information about their sexual and reproductive health and need for services. This study explores the prevalence of births, induced abortions and miscarriages as well as the associated socioeconomic factors of foreign-born women.

Methods
This study used data collected in the Survey on Well-Being Among Foreign Born Population (FinMonik), conducted in 2018-2019. The random sample (n = 6 695) consisted of women aged 18 to 64 years and living in Finland. The participation rate among women was 56% (n = 3 746). The results were stratified according to country groups based on geographic region of origin: Middle East and Africa; Russia, former Soviet Union and Estonia; Asia; EU, North America, Latin America and others. The analyses were conducted with logistic regression adjusting for age. In the analyses, weights were used to reduce non-response bias.

Results
The proportion of women who had at least one birth in their lifetime varied from 67 to 80%. Those from the Middle East or Africa had the highest proportion of three or more births (41%). The proportion of women who had experienced induced abortion was highest among women from Russia, former Soviet Union and Estonia: 34% of these women had experienced at least one abortion while 20% had experienced at least two abortions. No difference in reported miscarriages was observed between the groups (20-27%). In all groups, married women (82%) and those with only basic education (82%) had more often at least one birth than unmarried women (61%) and those with higher education (70%). Compared to the other groups, lower educated Russian, former Soviet Union and Estonian women had more often experienced at least one induced abortion (44 %).

Conclusions
There are major differences in the prevalence of births and abortions among women from different regions and educational level.

Key messages
Challenges in sexual and reproductive health vary by region of origin. Low-threshold health services and health education are needed to guarantee better sexual and reproductive health for all women.