bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiomics data reveals the influences of myasthenia gravis on thymoma and its precision treatment
Authors: Ruan Xinjia , Lu Xiaofan , Gao Jun , Jiang Liyun , Zhu Yue , Zhou Yujie , Meng Jialin , Yan Hangyu , Yan Fangrong , Wang Fei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThymoma is a rare characterized by a unique association with autoimmune diseases, especially myasthenia gravis (MG). However, little is known about the molecular characteristics of MG‐associated thymoma individuals. We aim to examine the influences of MG on thymoma by analyzing multiomics data. A total of 105 samples with thymoma was analyzed from TCGA and these samples were divided into subgroups with MG (MGT) or without MG (MGF) according to clinical information. We then characterized the differential gene expression, pathway activity, somatic mutation frequency, and likelihood of responding to chemotherapies and immunotherapies of the two identified subgroups. MGT subgroup was characterized by elevated inflammatory responses and metabolically related pathways, whereas the MGF subgroup was predicted to be more sensitive to chemotherapy and presented with mesenchymal characteristics. More copy number amplifications and deletions were observed in MGT, whereas GTF2I mutations occur at significantly higher frequencies in MGF. Two molecular subtypes were further identified within MGF samples by unsupervised clustering where one subtype was enriched in TGF‐β and WNT pathways with higher sensitivity to relevant targeted drugs but hardly respond to immunotherapy. For another subtype, a higher recurrence rate of thymoma and more likelihood of responding to immunotherapy were observed. Our findings presented a comprehensive molecular characterization of thymoma patients given the status of MG, and provided potential strategies to help individualized management and treatment.
Upregulation of histone H3K9 methylation in fetal endothelial cells from preeclamptic pregnancies
Authors: Sheng Wenji , Gu Yang , Chu Xiaodan , Morgan John A. , Cooper Danielle B. , Lewis David F. , McCathran Charles E. , Wang Yuping 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAdverse intrauterine environment has been considered a predisposing factor for fetal programming in preeclampsia. Using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), we specifically explored if aberrant histone methylation occurs in fetal endothelial cells in preeclampsia. Strikingly, we found that increased di‐, and tri‐methylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me2 and H3K9me3) expression were associated with upregulation of methyltransferase G9a and downregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and CuZn‐SOD expression in preeclamptic HUVECs. We further demonstrated that hypoxia‐induced hypermethylation of H3K9 and reduced CuZn‐SOD expression mimicked what were seen in preeclamptic HUVECs and inhibition of G9a could attenuate these hypoxia‐induced adverse events. Our study was the first to identify hypermethylation status in fetal endothelial cells in preeclampsia, which provides plausible evidence that increased oxidative stress in the intrauterine environment is likely a mechanism to induce aberrant histone modification in fetal endothelial cells which may have a significant impact on fetal programming in preeclampsia.
Dental Decision Simulation (DDSim): Development of a virtual training environment
Authors: Johnson Kimberly S. , Schmidt Andrew M. , Bader James D. , Spallek Heiko , Rindal D. Brad , Enstad Chris J. , Fricton James R. , Asche Stephen E. , Kane Sheryl M. , Thirumalai Vijay , Godlevsky Olga V. , Johnson Neil J. , Acharya Amit , Rush William A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeCase‐based simulations are powerful training tools that can enhance learning and drive behavior change. This is an overview of the design/development of Dental Decision Simulation (DDSim), a web‐based simulation of an electronic dental record (EDR). The purpose was to use DDSim to train dentists to make evidence‐based treatment planning decisions consistent with current evidence. This simulated EDR provides case‐based information in support of a set of defined evidence‐based learning objectives.MethodsThe development of this complex simulation model required coordinated efforts to create several components: identify behavior changes, case authoring mechanism, create virtual patient visits, require users to make treatment plan decisions related to learning objectives, and a feedback mechanism to help users recognize departures from those learning objectives. This simulation was evaluated in a 2‐arm, clinic‐randomized, controlled pilot study examining the extent to which DDSim changed dentists’ planned treatment to conform to evidence‐based treatment guidelines relative to change in dentists not exposed to DDSim. Outcomes were measured by comparing preintervention and postintervention patient EDR treatment data.ResultsChanges in behavior over time did not favor intervention or control clinics.ConclusionDDSim provides a standardized learning platform that cannot be achieved through the use of live patients. Both live patients and case‐based simulations can be used to transfer knowledge and skill development. DDSim offers the advantage of providing a platform for developing treatment planning skills in a low‐risk environment. However, further research examining behavior change is needed.
Teaching rapid oral health deterioration risk assessment: A 5‐year report
Authors: Craig Trevor , Johnsen David C. , Hartshorn Jennifer E. , Cowen Howard , Ashida Sato , Thompson Lena , Pendleton Chandler , Xie Xian Jin , Marchini Leonardo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurpose/ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to present a 5‐year report about the outcomes of using a teaching tool that guides dental students through the thought process of the expert about how to assess the risk of rapid oral health deterioration (ROHD) among older adults and provide viable treatment alternatives.MethodsA teaching tool was previously developed using ROHD risk factors identified in the literature and the steps that experts apply in their treatment decision making, summarized in 10 questions. During 5 years, 188 senior dental students were introduced to the teaching tool and asked to use the 10‐question set to present a case they have treated during their Geriatric and Special Needs Program. Two evaluators were asked to grade the students on each question. Students were graded “G” if they answered the question and grasped the principles behind it, “A” if they only answered the question, or “M” if they missed the question. Additionally, the students were given a form to grade the importance of and comment on the exercise.ResultsMore than 75% of the students had an A or G for most questions, agreement between the 2 evaluators was above 85%, and students’ performances improved during the 5‐year period. Additionally, 94.4% of the students considered the teaching tool as important or very important for the general dentist.ConclusionThe vast majority of the students had an A or G grade, examiner agreement was high, and the students appreciated the importance of this teaching tool for the general dentist.
COVID‐19 diagnostics for resource‐limited settings: Evaluation of “unextracted” qRT‐PCR
Authors: Adams Nicholas M. , Leelawong Mindy , Benton Alison , Quinn Criziel , Haselton Frederick R. , Schmitz Jonathan E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has created a precipitous increase in the need for molecular diagnostics. Unfortunately, access to RNA extraction reagents can represent a bottleneck for quantitative real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR)‐based methodologies, stemming from both extraordinary supply‐chain stresses and the global reach of the virus into resource‐limited settings. To provide flexible diagnostic options for such environments, we report here an “unextracted modification” for qRT‐PCR using the Centers for Disease Control's (CDC's) widely utilized primers/probe sets for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (N1/N2/N3 targeting viral nucleocapsid and RP‐control targeting human RNase P). This approach replaces RNA extraction/purification with a heat‐inactivation step of viral transport media (VTM), followed by direct inoculation—with or without VTM spin concentration—into PCR master mixes. Using derivatives of care from our clinical workflow, we compared traditional and unextracted CDC methodologies. Although some decrease in analytic sensitivity was evident (by higher Ct values) without extraction, in particular for the N2 primer/probe‐set, we observed high categorical positive agreement between extracted and unextracted results for N1 (unconcentrated VTM‐38/40; concentrated VTM‐39/41), N3 (unconcentrated VTM‐38/40; concentrated VTM‐41/41), and RP (unconcentrated and concentrated VTM‐81/81). The negative categorical agreement for N1/N2/N3 was likewise high. Overall, these results suggest that laboratories could adapt and validate unextracted qRT‐PCR protocols as a contingency to overcome supply limitations, with minimal impact on categorical results.
Analysis of the application value of serum antibody detection for staging of COVID‐19 infection
Authors: Zheng Yutong , Yan Meitian , Wang Lan , Luan Liang , Liu Jing , Tian Xiao , Wan Nan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has now spread all over the world. The National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China reported 78 439 cured and discharged cases, 4634 deaths, 83 462 confirmed cases and 760 818 close contacts as of 25 June 2020. Joint detection of nucleic acids and antibodies has become an important laboratory diagnostic for COVID‐19 patients. Disease progression and infection stage can be established based on the biological characteristics of these tests. However, there have been few studies of the different infection stages of COVID‐19. We conducted a retrospective analysis to explore the clinical characteristics of COVID‐19 patients at different infection stages and to characterize the characteristics of specific serum antibodies at each stage. These pieces of data will provide a theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Mammalian Toxicity Testing of Semilinear and Branched Alcohol Ethoxylates
Authors: Maurer Laura L. , Kung Ming H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlcohol ethoxylates (AE) are commonly used nonionic surfactants with widespread adoption in consumer and industrial applications. The toxicology profile of this general class of molecules has been extensively reported previously. This report serves to make accessible previously unpublished toxicological data from 59 toxicology studies on AE produced from branched and semilinear alcohols produced by ExxonMobil, with alcohol backbones ranging from C9 to C15. Information on acute oral toxicity, acute dermal toxicity, genetic toxicity, skin irritation, eye irritation, skin sensitization, and oral repeat‐dose toxicity are presented here. These data significantly enrich the database on the toxicity of branched AE and support that the degree of branching presents no unique toxicological hazards in relation to that of semilinear AE in this report, as well as in comparison with similar data published on a range of linear, semilinear, and branched AE.
Clinical significance of SLN benign capsular nevi in patients with melanoma
Authors: Yamashita Thomas S. , Pockaj Barbara A. , Bagaria Sanjay P. , Flotte Thomas J. , Fahy Aodhnait S. , de Azevedo Rafael U. , Harmsen William S. , Block Matthew S. , Jakub James W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundBenign capsular nevi (BCN) are not infrequent in sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) of patients with melanoma. Their prognostic significance is unknown and the literature is limited. This study evaluated the clinical significance of incidentally found BCN in these patients.MethodsA multi‐institutional retrospective review of patients undergoing SLN biopsy for cutaneous melanoma between 2000 and 2016. Patients were divided into the following groups: (a) negative SLN and no BCN, (b) negative SLN and presence of BCN, (c) positive SLN seen only on immunohistochemistry (IHC), and (d) positive SLN via hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Outcomes measured were overall survival and any recurrence.ResultsA total of 1253 patients were identified (group 1 = 978, group 2 = 56, group 3 = 32, and group 4 = 187). Fifty‐seven percent were male and the mean age was 59.3 years. BCN was identified in 77 patients (6.2%), of which the majority was in the node‐negative group (72%). Multivariable analysis showed that BCN was associated with lower recurrence rates, though not statistically significant (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.5; P = .06). IHC‐ and H&E‐positive SLNs were associated with a higher risk of recurrence (HR = 2.4; P = .02 and 2.0, P < .0001, respectively).ConclusionPatients with BCN and negative SLN had lower recurrence rates than patients with negative SLN and no BCN. Our data suggest a possible protective effect against recurrence.
Potential influence of microorganisms on the corrosion of carbon steel in the French high‐ and intermediate‐level long‐lived radioactive waste disposal context
Authors: Diler Erwan , Leblanc Vanessa , Gueuné Hervé , Larché Nicolas , Deydier Valerie , Linard Yannick , Crusset Didier , Thierry Dominique 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the context of the high‐level radioactive waste disposal CIGEO, the corrosion rate due to microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) has to be evaluated. In France, it is envisaged to dispose of high‐ and intermediate‐level long‐lived radioactive waste at a depth of 500 m in a deep geological disposal, drilled in the Callovo‐Oxfordian claystone (Cox) formation. To do so, a carbon steel casing will be inserted inside disposal cells, which are horizontal tunnels drilled in the Cox. A specific cement grout will be injected between the carbon steel casing and the claystone. A study was conducted to evaluate the possibility of MIC on carbon steel in the foreseeable high radioactive waste disposal. The corrosiveness of various environments was investigated at 50°C and 80°C with or without microorganisms enriched from samples of Andra's underground research laboratory. The monitoring of corrosion during the experiments was ensured using gravimetric method and real‐time corrosion monitoring using sensors based on the measurements of the electrical resistance. The corrosion data were completed with microbiological analyses including cultural and molecular characterizations.
A high‐linearity Ka‐band CMOS down‐conversion mixer
Authors: Byeon Chul Woo , Lee Sang Ho , Lee Jeong Ho , Son Ju Ho 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article presents a high‐linearity Ka‐band complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) down‐conversion mixer. The mixer comprises an RF transconductance stage, switching stage, local oscillator buffer, and intermediate frequency (IF) buffer, and employs modified multiple gate transistors for high linearity. The intermodulation and gain characteristics are analyzed, revealing that the proposed IF buffer can enhance the linearity performance without a gain reduction. Implemented in 65‐nm CMOS technology, the proposed mixer consumes 23 mW and occupies a core chip area of 0.54 mm2. The mixer achieves a conversion gain of 9.3 to 11.1 dB, a noise figure of 8.4 to 9.2 dB, and an output third‐order intercept point of 15.6 to 23.6 dBm at an RF frequency of 37 to 41 GHz.
NMR study of dyadic and triadic splitting in copoly(arylene)phthalides based on diphenyl oxide and diphenyl sulfide
Authors: Kraikin Vladimir A. , Fatykhov Akhnef A. , Gileva Natalya G. , Kravchenko Alexey A. , Salazkin Sergey N. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAll 13C NMR signals of the poly(arylene) polymers, O‐1, S‐7, OS‐4, OOS‐3, OOOS‐2, SSO‐5, and SSSO‐6 (where O is a diphenyleneoxiphthalide unit and S is a diphenylenethiophthalide unit) in dyads and triads were assigned unequivocally with two‐dimensional NMR techniques (ge‐2D [1H–1H] COSY, ge‐2D [1H–13C] HSQC, and ge‐2D [1H–13C] HMBC), and for each atom, the increments of the shifts are determined. For structurally similar carbon atoms of the phthalide cycle and heteroaromatic fragments of the skeletal chain, additive signal splitting schemes in phthalide centered dyads and in diphenylene oxide and in diphenylene sulfide centered triads are considered, based on taking into account the contributions to their shielding of adjacent and distant substituents. It was shown that the nature of the splitting of the signals of each of the 20 carbon atoms in 3,3‐bisphenylphthalide fragments is determined by the type of carbon atom (tertiary or quaternary, even or odd), the type of heteroatoms in adjacent heteroaromatic fragments, their distance from the identified carbon nucleus, and their polyad symmetry. The results obtained in this article will greatly facilitate our further studies and, in particular, will allow us to study the microstructure of statistical copolymers based on the asymmetric OS monomer at the dyad and triad levels.
Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the recovery locus of control (RLOC) Scale among patients with myocardial infarction
Authors: Li Yuli , Kong Dong , Wang Wei , Zhu Yanhua , Liu Xiaoqin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimTo translate the RLOC Scale into Chinese and test its psychometric properties in the Chinese patients with myocardial infarction (MI).DesignA cross‐sectional design was used.MethodsA convenience sample of 233 patients with MI who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention and were ready for discharge were recruited in a level A tertiary hospital of Shandong Province from January 2019 to April 2019. Data were analysed using item analysis, internal consistency reliability and exploratory factor analysis.ResultsTwo factors—external RLOC and internal RLOC—were extracted, accounting for 70.5% of the variance. Cronbach's alpha for the Chinese version of RLOC Scale was 0.80 and for the two factors was 0.92 and 0.76, respectively. The Chinese version of RLOC Scale showed satisfactory reliability and validity, which can be used to measure the ability of recovery locus of control in Chinese patients with MI.
The predictive role of marital satisfaction on the parental agreement
Authors: Vafaeenejad Zahra , Elyasi Forouzan , Moosazadeh Mahmood , Shahhosseini Zohreh 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate the predictive role of marital satisfaction on similarities in parenting styles.DesignThe present cross‐sectional study was conducted on 617 Iranian father–mother dyads in 2018.MethodsDuring a systematic sampling method, Afrooz Marital Satisfaction Scale and Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire were administered. The data were analysed using a t test, a chi‐square test, one‐way ANOVA and logistic regression.ResultsResults showed that 71.47% of the couples exhibited agreement in parenting styles and that 82.50% reared their children in an authoritative manner. The logistic regression indicated that increased marital satisfaction among fathers (AOR: 3.19; CI: 2.06, 4.92) and mothers (AOR: 2.74; CI: 1.76, 4.25) could elevate the odds of correspondence in parenting styles. The findings suggest that agreement on parenting styles should be considered when evaluating marital satisfaction in couples. Intervention targeting marital satisfaction to improve parental agreement is recommended.
High‐efficiency single‐junction p‐i‐n GaAs solar cell on roll‐to‐roll epi‐ready flexible metal foils for low‐cost photovoltaics
Authors: Khatiwada Devendra , Favela Carlos A. , Sun Sicong , Zhang Chuanze , Sharma Sahil , Rathi Monika , Dutta Pavel , Galstyan Eduard , Belianinov Alex , Ievlev Anton V. , Pouladi Sara , Fedorenko Anastasiia , Ryou Jae‐Hyun , Hubbard Seth , Selvamanickam Venkat 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe demonstrate the fabrication and characterization of high‐efficiency, single‐junction p‐i‐n GaAs solar cells, on flexible metal foil with epi‐ready buffer via roll‐to‐roll fabrication. Single‐junction p‐i‐n GaAs solar cells were fabricated using metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). An efficiency greater than 13% was obtained at 1 sun, which is the highest reported efficiency on GaAs photovoltaics directly deposited on metal tapes. This exceeds our previously reported study showcasing 11.5% efficiency on single‐junction p‐n solar cell structure. Improved morphology of p‐i‐n structure compared with p‐n is explained by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and helium ion microscopy (HIM) measurements. Time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS) analysis showed reduced Zn diffusion in p‐i‐n cell compared with the p‐n cell. We attribute the improvement in efficiency of p‐i‐n cells on flexible metal tapes to the quality of the junction, surface morphology, controlled diffusion of species within the active layers, and increase in absorption due to the optimized intrinsic layer thickness.
Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry as a novel clinical imaging tool to detect asbestos fibres in malignant mesothelioma
Authors: Voloaca Oana M. , Greenhalgh Calum J. , Cole Laura M. , Clench Malcolm R. , Managh Amy J. , Haywood‐Small Sarah L. 
Published: July 2020

RationaleMalignant pleural mesothelioma is an extremely aggressive and incurable malignancy associated with prior exposure to asbestos fibres. Difficulties remain in relation to early diagnosis, notably due to impeded identification of asbestos in lung tissue. This study describes a novel laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) imaging approach to identify asbestos within mesothelioma models with clinical significance.MethodsHuman mesothelioma cells were exposed to different types of asbestos fibres and prepared on plastic slides for LA‐ICP‐MS analysis. No further sample preparation was required prior to analysis, which was performed using an NWR Image 266 nm laser ablation system coupled to an Element XR sector‐field ICP mass spectrometer, with a lateral resolution of 2 μm. Data was processed using LA‐ICP‐MS ImageTool v1.7 with the final graphic production made using DPlot software.ResultsFour different mineral fibres were successfully identified within the mesothelioma samples based on some of the most abundant elements that make up these fibres (Si, Mg and Fe). Using LA‐ICP‐MS as an imaging tool provided information on the spatial distribution of the fibres at cellular level, which is essential in asbestos detection within tissue samples. Based on the metal counts generated by the different types of asbestos, different fibres can be identified based on shape, size, and elemental composition. Detection of Ca was attempted but requires further optimisation.ConclusionsDetection of asbestos fibres in lung tissues is very useful, if not necessary, to complete the pathological dt9iagnosis of asbestos‐related malignancies in the medicolegal field. For the first time, this study demonstrates the successful application of LA‐ICP‐MS imaging to identify asbestos fibres and other mineral fibres within mesothelioma samples. Ultimately, high‐resolution, fast‐speed LA‐ICP‐MS analysis has the potential to be integrated into clinical workflow to aid earlier detection and stratification of mesothelioma patient samples.