bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Posição Brasileira no Sistema Internacional de Estados: Um Breve Exame das Políticas dos Governos Lula, Dilma e Temer
Authors: Tixiliski Giacomo Otavio 
Published: July 2020

O Estado-Nação continua sendo o principal ator das relações internacionais devido ao seu caráter expansivo, por isso se faz necessário o entendimento do Sistema Internacional de Estados (SIE), principalmente em relação as mudanças das relações interestatais que advém com o século XXI. Nessa perspectiva, nota-se o pensamento de um mundo multipolarizado que incluía o Estado brasileiro e outros entes soberanos entre os polos de poder responsáveis por um novo fluxo de poder no SIE. Com isso, o objetivo que aqui se propõe por meio do método dedutivo e pela análise conjuntural a determinar, tanto quanto possível, a posição do Brasil no SIE de 2003 a 2018. Para isso, o artigo ampara-se na concepção de política internacional forjada por José Luís Fiori, principalmente sobre sua hierarquização dos Estados no SIE. O objetivo foi investigado com base na observação das principais políticas aplicadas pelos governos de Luís Inácio Lula da Silva, Dilma Rousseff e Michel Temer que impactaram no poder do Estado nacional. Por fim, conclui-se que o Estado brasileiro mantém sua posição periférica, mesmo com as tentativas de se produzir políticas mais autônomas e soberanas diante dos imperativos das grandes potências e às imposições do SIE. Isso se deve ao fato dessas políticas de maior autonomia serem escassas e não terem continuidade por um tempo prolongado até que tenha viabilizado resultados mais consistentes. Palavras-Chave: Poder; Sistema Internacional de Estados; Brasil.
Da UNASUL para o PROSUL: A Visão do Estado de Direito e o Regionalismo Latino-Americano
Authors: Forti Neto Octávio 
Published: July 2020

As organizações regionais latino-americanas são numerosas e tendem a tratar de diversos temas. De forma a analisar um tema específico do regionalismo latino-americano, é importante trazer a questão da defesa do Estado de Direito. Isto foi presente na UNASUL e se mostra realidade no PROSUL. Assim sendo, o objetivo deste artigo é trazer a temática da qualidade democrática, dentro do viés do Estado de Direito, na retórica das organizações regionais com foco específico nos mecanismos institucionais da UNASUL e, mais recentemente, no PROSUL. Através de estudos de caso, bem como entrevistas com oficiais dos países membros que participaram da UNASUL, pretende-se mostrar que o regionalismo Sul-americano sofre de deficiências, tais como: forte intergovernamentalismo, falta de resultados e propensão ideológica, que acabam por serem impeditivos para o fortalecimento do Estado de Direito. Palavras-Chave: UNASUL; PROSUL; regionalismo sul-americano; Estado de Direito.
Paulo Freire e Espanha influência, reuniões, tributos e mitos
Authors: González Ana Ayuste , Bernet Jaume Trilla 
Published: July 2020

Este texto se divide em três partes. A primeira trata da influencia das ideias de Paulo Freire no final da Espanha Franquista, portanto, de modo clandestino, em publicações que não podiam vir à luz do dia, sem sofrer represálias simbólicas e físicas. A segunda, trata da presença de Freire, pessoalmente e por meio das obras, marcando de maneira ampla e profunda a educação e o pensamento pedagógico espanhol, agora, não mais clandestinamente, pois o país saíra da longeva ditadura franquista e consolidava sua democracia. Na terceira e última parte, o texto trata dos perigos e das armadilhas que o próprio Freire temia tanto que ocorresse com seu legado: a ortodoxia dos que se apropriam de seu pensamento, fechando-o ao diálogo e à contribuição dos que não pertencem à “seita” então formada. Cair nesta armadilha é negar Freire que, além de diferenciar radicalismo (ir às raízes dos problemas) de sectarismo (congelar e se apropriar de ideias referenciais), apelou de modo contundente para que não o repetissem, mas que o reinventassem em cada contexto específico.
The Effect of Hallux Valgus Surgery on Quality of Life
Authors: Koken Murat , Guclu Berk 
Published: July 2020

Background
Health-related quality of life (QOL) is defined as a patient's subjective perception of his or her own health. Insufficient data exist on QOL of patients who undergo a hallux valgus (HV) operation. We used a 36-item short form survey (SF-36) to measure QOL of such patients. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of HV on QOL and to identify QOL determinants.

Methods
Fifty patients who underwent surgery for HV between 2015 and 2017 were included in the study. The SF-36 questionnaire was applied to the patients before and after surgery. Patients' medical records were examined to identify possible factors affecting QOL such as age, gender, body mass index, duration of symptoms, or smoking.

Results
The mean age of the patients was 55.6 ± 3.8 years, and 42 of the 50 patients were women. The mean duration of disease was 12 ± 3.7 years. The surgery improved QOL scores for general health, emotional well-being, role limitations due to personal or emotional problems, physical functioning and bodily pain. However, the changes in scores for vitality and social functioning were not statistically significant. Lower postoperative QOL scores for emotional well-being and bodily pain were significantly associated with age and duration of the symptoms. Compared to the mean QOL of healthy adult Turkish population, all scores in subdimensions were lower.

Conclusions
This study shows that HV in adults has a negative impact on general health, bodily pain, physical functioning, physical and emotional well-being rather than social well-being and vitality.
Epidermal activation of Hedgehog signaling establishes an immunosuppressive microenvironment in basal cell carcinoma by modulating skin immunity
Authors: Grund‐Gröschke Sandra , Ortner Daniela , Szenes‐Nagy Antal B. , Zaborsky Nadja , Weiss Richard , Neureiter Daniel , Wipplinger Martin , Risch Angela , Hammerl Peter , Greil Richard , Sibilia Maria , Gratz Iris K. , Stoitzner Patrizia , Aberger Fritz 
Published: July 2020

Genetic activation of hedgehog/glioma‐associated oncogene homolog (HH/GLI) signaling causes basal cell carcinoma (BCC), a very frequent nonmelanoma skin cancer. Small molecule targeting of the essential HH effector Smoothened (SMO) has proven an effective therapy of BCC, though the frequent development of drug resistance poses major challenges to anti‐HH treatments. In light of recent breakthroughs in cancer immunotherapy, we analyzed the possible immunosuppressive mechanisms in HH/GLI‐induced BCC in detail. Using a genetic mouse model of BCC, we identified profound differences in the infiltration of BCC lesions with cells of the adaptive and innate immune system. Epidermal activation of Hh/Gli signaling led to an accumulation of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells, and to an increased expression of immune checkpoint molecules including programmed death (PD)‐1/PD‐ligand 1. Anti‐PD‐1 monotherapy, however, did not reduce tumor growth, presumably due to the lack of immunogenic mutations in common BCC mouse models, as shown by whole‐exome sequencing. BCC lesions also displayed a marked infiltration with neutrophils, the depletion of which unexpectedly promoted BCC growth. The study provides a comprehensive survey of and novel insights into the immune status of murine BCC and serves as a basis for the design of efficacious rational combination treatments. This study also underlines the need for predictive immunogenic mouse models of BCC to evaluate the efficacy of immunotherapeutic strategies in vivo.
Continuous real time 3D motion reproduction using dynamic MRI and precomputed 4DCT deformation fields
Authors: Dasnoy‐Sumell Damien , Souris Kevin , Van Ooteghem G. , Macq Benoit 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRadiotherapy of mobile tumors requires specific imaging tools and models to reduce the impact of motion on the treatment. Online continuous nonionizing imaging has become possible with the recent development of magnetic resonance imaging devices combined with linear accelerators. This opens the way to new guided treatment methods based on the real‐time tracking of anatomical motion. In such devices, 2D fast MR‐images are well‐suited to capture and predict the real‐time motion of the tumor. To be used effectively in an adaptive radiotherapy, these MR images have to be combined with X‐ray images such as CT, which are necessary to compute the irradiation dose deposition. We therefore developed a method combining both image modalities to track the motion on MR images and reproduce the tracked motion on a sequence of 3DCT images in real‐time. It uses manually placed navigators to track organ interfaces in the image, making it possible to select anatomical object borders that are visible on both MRI and CT modalities and giving the operator precise control of the motion tracking quality. Precomputed deformation fields extracted from the 4DCT acquired in the planning phase are then used to deform existing 3DCT images to match the tracked object position, creating a new set of 3DCT images encompassing irregularities in the breathing pattern for the complete duration of the MRI acquisition. The final continuous reconstructed 4DCT image sequence reproduces the motion captured by the MRI sequence with high precision (difference below 2 mm).
Mapping Gendered Infrastructures: Critical Reflections on Violence Against Women in India
Authors: Datta Ayona , Ahmed Nabeela 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUsing geographical information systems and participatory mapping with women from low‐income areas of Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, revealed their fears of violence against them, but equally the spatiotemporal ‘dark spots’ where this might occur. This in turn influenced infrastructure policy and provoked the introduction of a ‘she corridor’. Ayona Datta, a professor of geography at University College London, and Nabeela Ahmed, postdoctoral research fellow at the Sheffield Institute of International Development, tell us how.
The House as Ancestor: A Tale of Māori Social Value
Authors: Hoete Anthony 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn order for a house to have social value, it must be a focus of spiritual, political and cultural significance to a specific community. This is a tale of one such house, the Māori whare. The whare is formally greeted as one would a person, before addressing the humans within. Carving, ornament and pattern constitute most of its Māori‐ness, and are central to its place in Māori civilisation. Anthony Hoete, founder of WHAT_architecture, unravels the architecture of Māori placemaking, its social standing and worldview.
A Motion Vector Sensor via Direct‐Current Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Yin Xing , Liu Di , Zhou Linglin , Li Xinyuan , Xu Guoqiang , Liu Lu , Li Shaoxin , Zhang Chuguo , Wang Jie , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMotion vector sensors play an important role in artificial intelligence and internet of things. Here, a triboelectric vector sensor (TVS) based on a direct‐current triboelectric nanogenerator is reported, for self‐powered measuring various motion parameters, including displacement, velocity, acceleration, angular, and angular velocity. Based on the working mechanism of the contact‐electrification effect and electrostatic breakdown, a continuous DC signal can be collected to directly monitor moving objects free from environmental electromagnetic signal interference existing in conventional self‐powered TVSs with an alternative‐current signal output, which not only enhances the sensitivity of sensors, but also provides a simple solution to miniaturize the sensors. Its sensitivity is demonstrated to be equivalent to state‐of‐the‐art photoelectric technology by a comparative experiment in an intelligent mouse. Notably, an intelligent pen based on the miniaturized TVS is designed to realize motion trajectory tracing, mapping, and writing on the curved surface. This work provides a new paradigm shift to design motion vector sensors and self‐powered sensors in artificial intelligent and internet of things.
Mechanical Properties Tailoring of 3D Printed Photoresponsive Nanocellulose Composites
Authors: Müller Luca A. E. , Zimmermann Tanja , Nyström Gustav , Burgert Ingo , Siqueira Gilberto 
Published: July 2020

Abstract3D printing technologies allow control over the alignment of building blocks in synthetic materials, but compositional changes often require complex multimaterial printing steps. Here, 3D printable materials showing locally tunable mechanical properties are produced in a single printing step of Direct Ink Writing. These new inks consist of a polymer matrix bearing biocompatible photoreactive cinnamate derivatives and up to 30 wt% of anisotropic cellulose nanocrystals. The printed materials are mechanically versatile and can undergo further crosslinking upon illumination. When illuminating the material and controlling the irradiation doses, the Young's moduli can be adjusted between 15 and 75 MPa. Moreover, spatially controlled illumination allows patterning stiff geometries, resulting in 3D printed structures with segments of different mechanical properties tailoring the mechanical behavior under compression. The high design freedom implemented by 3D printing and photopatternability opens the venue to rapid manufacturing of devices for applications such as prosthetics or soft robotics where the 3D shapes and mechanical properties must be tailored for personalized load cases.
Wide‐Range‐Tunable p‐Type Conductivity of Transparent CuI1−xBrx Alloy
Authors: Yamada Naoomi , Tanida Yuta , Murata Hidenobu , Kondo Takahiro , Yoshida Shougo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTransparent p‐type semiconductors with wide‐range tunability of the hole density are rare. Developing such materials is a challenge in the field of transparent electronics that utilize invisible electric circuits. In this paper, a CuI–CuBr alloy (CuI1−xBrx) is proposed as a hole‐density‐tunable p‐type transparent semiconductor that can be fabricated at room temperature. First‐principles calculations predict that the acceptor state originating from copper vacancies in CuBr is deeper than that in CuI, leading to the hypothesis that the hole density in CuI1−xBrx can be tuned over a wide range by varying x between 0 and 1. The experimental results support this hypothesis. The hole density in CuI1−xBrx polycrystalline alloy layers can be tuned by over three orders of magnitude (1017–1020 cm−3) by varying x. In other words, the p‐type conductivity of the CuI1−xBrx alloy shows metallic and semiconducting properties. Such alloy layers can be prepared at room temperature without sacrificing transparency. Furthermore, CuI1−xBrx forms transparent p–n diodes with n‐type amorphous In–Ga–Zn–O layers, and these diodes have satisfactory rectification performance. Therefore, CuI1−xBrx alloy is an excellent p‐type transparent semiconductor for which the p‐type conductivity can be tailored in a wide range.
High Performance Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc Oxide Thin Film Transistor via Interface Engineering
Authors: Zhao Yepin , Wang Zhengxu , Xu Guangwei , Cai Le , Han Tae‐Hee , Zhang Anni , Wu Quantan , Wang Rui , Huang Tianyi , Cheng Pei , Chang Sheng‐Yung , Bao Daqian , Zhao Zhiyu , Wang Minhuan , Huang Yijie , Yang Yang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSolution‐processed indium‐gallium‐zinc oxide (IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs) have become well known in recent decades for their promising commercial potential. However, the unsatisfactory performance of small‐sized IGZO TFTs is limiting their applicability. To address this issue, this work introduces an interface engineering method of bi‐functional acid modification to regulate the interfaces between electrodes and the channels of IGZO TFTs. This method increases the interface oxygen vacancy concentration and reduces the surface roughness, resulting in higher mobility and enhanced contact at the interfaces. The TFT devices thus treated display contact resistance reduction from 9.1 to 2.3 kΩmm, as measured by the gated four‐probe method, as well as field‐effect mobility increase from 1.5 to 4.5 cm2 (V s)−1. Additionally, a 12 × 12 organic light emitting diode display constructed using the acid modified IGZO TFTs as switching and driving elements demonstrate the applicability of these devices.
Reversible Crosslinked Polymer Binder for Recyclable Lithium Sulfur Batteries with High Performance
Authors: Liu Zhimeng , He Xin , Fang Chen , Camacho‐Forero Luis E. , Zhao Yangzhi , Fu Yanbao , Feng Jun , Kostecki Robert , Balbuena Perla B. , Zhang Junhua , Lei Jingxin , Liu Gao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOwing to the negative impact of the extensive utilization of batteries on the environment, sustainability of the cells needs to be included in the systemic research of batteries. Herein, a dissolvable ionic crosslinked polymer (DICP) is exploited as a binder for lithium–sulfur batteries by crosslinking the polyacrylic acid and polyethyleneimine through carboxy‐amino ionic interaction. This interaction is pH‐controlled, and therefore, the crosslinked binder network can be readily dissociated under basic conditions, providing a facile strategy enabling valuable components recycled through a convenient washing method. The sulfur cathode prepared using the recycled carbon–sulfur composite can deliver comparable capacity as that of fresh electrode. In addition, evidence from cell performance and characterizations, such as in situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, in situ UV–visible spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculation, confirms that DICP is a more effective binder than its commercial counterpart on suppressing polysulfide dissolution in the electrolyte. Exploiting reversible crosslinked polymer binder for recyclable Li–S batteries with ameliorated electrochemical performance, this study illuminates sustainable development for large‐scale energy storage systems.
Making Large‐Area Titanium Disulfide Films at Reduced Temperature by Balancing the Kinetics of Sulfurization and Roughening
Authors: Li Yifei , Singh Akshay , Reidy Kate , Jo Seong Soon , Ross Frances M. , Jaramillo Rafael 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe synthesis of large‐area TiS2 thin films is reported at temperatures as low as 500 °C using a scalable two‐step method of metal film deposition followed by sulfurization in an H2S gas furnace. It is demonstrated that the lowest‐achievable sulfurization temperature depends strongly on the oxygen background during sulfurization. This dependence arises because TiO bonds present a substantial kinetic and thermodynamic barrier to TiS2 formation. Lowering the sulfurization temperature is important to make smooth films, and to enable integration of TiS2 and related transition metal dichalcogenides—including metastable phases and alloys—into device technology.
Human Oral Motion‐Powered Smart Dental Implant (SDI) for In Situ Ambulatory Photo‐biomodulation Therapy
Authors: Park Moonchul , Islam Sayemul , Kim Hye‐Eun , Korostoff Jonathan , Blatz Markus B. , Hwang Geelsu , Kim Albert 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPeri‐implant disease is an inflammatory condition affecting the soft and hard tissues surrounding a dental implant. However, current preventative methods are insufficient due to the limited bioactivity on the dental implant and poor patient compliance. Recently, photo‐biomodulation (PBM) therapy that can recover and regenerate peri‐implant soft tissue has attracted considerable attention in dentistry. In this paper, a seamless human oral motion‐powered dental implant system (called Smart Dental Implant or SDI) is presented as an ambulatory PBM therapy modality. SDI allows the in situ light delivery, which is enabled by the energy harvesting from dynamic human oral motions (chewing and brushing) via an engineered piezoelectric dental crown, an associated circuit, and micro light emitting diodes (LEDs). The SDI also offers adequate mechanical strength as the clinical standards. Using primary human gingival keratinocytes (HGKs) as a model host organism andPseudomonas aeruginosalipopolysaccharides (LPS) as a model inflammatory stimulus, effective SDI‐mediated PBM therapy is demonstrated. A new class of dental implants could be an ambulatory PBM therapy platform for the prevention of peri‐implant disease without patient dependency, warranting long‐lasting dental implants.
Engineered Perineural Vascular Plexus for Modeling Developmental Toxicity
Authors: Kaushik Gaurav , Gupta Kartik , Harms Victoria , Torr Elizabeth , Evans Jonathan , Johnson Hunter J. , Soref Cheryl , Acevedo‐Acevedo Suehelay , Antosiewicz‐Bourget Jessica , Mamott Daniel , Uhl Peyton , Johnson Brian P. , Palecek Sean P. , Beebe David J. , Thomson James A. , Daly William T. , Murphy William L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThere is a vital need to develop in vitro models of the developing human brain to recapitulate the biological effects that toxic compounds have on the brain. To model perineural vascular plexus (PNVP) in vitro, which is a key stage in embryonic development, human embryonic stem cells (hESC)‐derived endothelial cells (ECs), neural progenitor cells, and microglia (MG) with primary pericytes (PCs) in synthetic hydrogels in a custom‐designed microfluidics device are cocultured. The formation of a vascular plexus that includes networks of ECs (CD31+, VE‐cadherin+), MG (IBA1+), and PCs (PDGFRβ+), and an overlying neuronal layer that includes differentiated neuronal cells (βIII Tubulin+, GFAP+) and radial glia (Nestin+, Notch2NL+), are characterized. Increased brain‐derived neurotrophic factor secretion and differential metabolite secretion by the vascular plexus and the neuronal cells over time are consistent with PNVP functionality. Multiple concentrations of developmental toxicants (teratogens, microglial disruptor, and vascular network disruptors) significantly reduce the migration of ECs and MG toward the neuronal layer, inhibit formation of the vascular network, and decrease vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) secretion. By quantifying 3D cell migration, metabolic activity, vascular network disruption, and cytotoxicity, the PNVP model may be a useful tool to make physiologically relevant predictions of developmental toxicity.
Device Postannealing Enabling over 12% Efficient Solution‐Processed Cu2ZnSnS4 Solar Cells with Cd2+ Substitution
Authors: Su Zhenghua , Liang Guangxing , Fan Ping , Luo Jingting , Zheng Zhuanghao , Xie Zhigao , Wang Wei , Chen Shuo , Hu Juguang , Wei Yadong , Yan Chang , Huang Jialiang , Hao Xiaojing , Liu Fangyang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractKesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 is a promising photovoltaic material containing low‐cost, earth‐abundant, and stable semiconductor elements. However, the highest power conversion efficiency of thin‐film solar cells based on Cu2ZnSnS4 is only about 11% due to low open‐circuit voltage and fill factor mainly caused by antisite defects and unfavorable heterojunction interface. In this work, a postannealing procedure is proposed to complete a Cd‐alloyed Cu2ZnSnS4 device. The postannealing to complete the device significantly enhances the performance of the indium tin oxide and promotes the moderate interdiffusion of elements between the layers in the device. As a result of the diffusion of Cu, Zn, In, and Sn, the interfacial electron and hole densities are improved, leading to the achievement of a suitable band alignment for carrier transport. The postannealing also reduces the interface traps and deep‐level defects, contributing to decreased nonradiative recombination. Therefore, the open‐circuit voltage and fill factor are both improved, and an efficiency over 12% for pure sulfide‐based kesterite thin‐film solar cells is obtained.