bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correction of the Tear Trough Deformity and Concomitant Infraorbital Hollows With Extracellular Matrix/Stromal Vascular Fraction Gel
Authors: Luo Sai , Zhang Xi , Dong Huishuang , Wen Changlong , Hao Lijun 
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND
The tear trough deformity is a sign of eye aging. Filling is an ideal choice for the tear trough accompanied by infraorbital hollows.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of stromal vascular fraction gel (SVF-gel) as a filler for the tear trough deformity which is combined with infraorbital hollows.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
From July 2017 to June 2018, 33 patients underwent autologous fat aspiration and were followed up successfully. Stromal vascular fraction gel was used to correct patients with bilateral Barton Ⅰ/Ⅱ tear trough deformity and infraorbital hollows. Improvement was evaluated by measuring skin-periosteal depth, 3D volume, global aesthetic improvement scale (GAIS), and patient self-assessment.

RESULTS
Skin-periosteal depth improved significantly (p < .001). The volumetric increment of the tear trough and infraorbital regions increased 2.132 ± 0.671 mL, and the retention rate was excellent (72.87 ± 10.23%). The GAIS showed a high score (2.5 ± 0.5 points), with patient self-assessment showing satisfactory results for all 7 questions on the questionnaire.

CONCLUSION
The high retention rate of SVF-gel suggests that it can provide an effective solution to tear trough deformity accompanied by infraorbital hollows.
Are There Differences Between Intradermal and Intramuscular Injections of Botulinum Toxin on the Forehead?
Authors: Kim Yu Jin , Lim Oh Kyung , Choi Won Jun 
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND
The intradermal technique to inject botulinum toxin is a popular procedure in upper facial rejuvenation to minimize side effects, such as brow ptosis, and can sometimes result in a lifting effect.

OBJECTIVE
The present study investigated differences in effects according to injection modality.

METHODS AND MATERIALS
Fifteen women received intradermal injections of botulinum toxin (total dose, 8U) into the forehead, and 14 women received intramuscular injections.

RESULTS
The maximal antiwrinkle effect was recorded at Week 2, and the duration of the effect was the same in both groups. The brow position was lowered at Weeks 2 and 4 in the intramuscular injection group and was preserved in the intradermal injection group throughout the follow-up period. The amount of maximal voluntary eyebrow movement was decreased at Weeks 2 and 4 and recovered at Week 16 in both groups. The change in the electromyographic amplitude of the frontalis muscle was prolonged until Week 16 in both groups. Subjective satisfaction with wrinkles was similar in both groups. However, the intradermal injection was more painful.

CONCLUSION
Intradermal injection of botulinum toxin is a safe and effective method to improve forehead rhytides.
Factors Affecting Depth of Penetration in Microneedling- and Laser-Assisted Drug Delivery: The Importance of Timing of Topical Application
Authors: Chung Hye Jin , Cheng Judy , Gonzalez Manuel , Al-Janahi Sara 
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND
Microneedling- and laser-assisted drug delivery are emerging techniques used to treat various conditions. However, key parameters affecting drug penetration remain unknown.

OBJECTIVE
This study aims to investigate the importance of timing of topical application, needle length, and device type for drug delivery.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Skin harvested from cosmetic surgeries was treated with black ink applied before or after treatment with a microneedling pen (MP), roller, or fractional ablative CO2 laser, and incubated for different time intervals. Ink penetration was additionally tested using different needle lengths. Sandwich estimator was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS
Ink applied before MP penetrated deeper compared to ink applied afterward at 1 and 3 hours, and roller microneedling in both the ink-before and -after scenarios at 1, 3, and 6 hours (p < .05). Microneedling demonstrated lateral extension of ink beyond microchannels with increased ink penetration over time. CO2 laser demonstrated ink localization within microthermal zones without time-dependent increases in depth after 30 minutes. Ink penetration increases by 0.06 mm per 1 mm increase in needle length.

CONCLUSION
Ink applied before MP results in the deepest penetration of ink. Microneedling offers unique advantages in transdermal delivery as its channels exhibit increasing penetration over time and lateral extension of product.
Direct Oral Anticoagulants for the Treatment of Left Ventricular Thrombus—A New Indication? A Meta-summary of Case Reports
Authors: Tomasoni Daniela , Sciatti Edoardo , Bonelli Andrea , Vizzardi Enrico , Metra Marco 
Published: March 2020

Abstract:
Left ventricular thrombus (LVT) can be a consequence of cardiac diseases such as heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and acute myocardial infarction. Currently, the guidelines recommend the use of warfarin for the treatment of this condition. However, there are increasing reports of patients with LVTs being treated with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), for several reasons. We set out to review the available literature to assess the safety and the efficacy of this approach. We analyzed 52 cases, extrapolated by 34 papers contained in literature, focusing on the characteristics of patients, treatment, outcome, and follow-up. Rivaroxaban was the most commonly used DOAC, followed by apixaban. The diagnosis of LVT and the follow-up were mainly performed by transthoracic echocardiography. The thrombus resolved in 45 patients (92%) of 49 (there are no data available regarding the outcome of 3 patients) and failed to resolve in 4 patients treated with DOACs. The resolution occurred in a median of 32 days. DOACs are shown to be a reasonable and valid option for the treatment of LVT. Our study provides a rationale for a prospective randomized controlled trial.
Association between osteoporosis and menopause in relation to SOX6 rs297325 variant in Taiwanese women
Authors: Hsu Tzu-Liang , Tantoh Disline Manli , Chou Ying-Hsiang , Hsu Shu-Yi , Ho Chien-Chang , Lung Chia-Chi , Jan Cheng-Feng , Wang Lee , Liaw Yung-Po 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objective:
Osteoporosis, the most prevalent bone disorder in humans, is a global public health issue and its relationship with menopause is well-established. The interaction between menopause and genes on osteoporosis risk is, however, yet to be fully elucidated. We assessed the association between menopause and osteoporosis in relation to the SOX6 rs297325 variant in Taiwanese women.

Methods:
There were 7,581 female participants, aged 30 to 70 years old. Information on SOX6 rs297325 and menopause were obtained from the Taiwan Biobank Database while that on osteoporosis was obtained from the National Health Insurance Research Database.

Results:
Menopause but not SOX6 rs297325 was significantly associated with a higher risk of osteoporosis (odds ratio [OR] = 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04-2.10). The interaction between menopause and rs297325 on osteoporosis was significant (P = 0.0216). After stratification by rs297325 genotypes, the risk of osteoporosis was significantly higher in menopausal women having the TT + CC genotype (OR = 2.02; 95% CI = 1.21-3.38). After stratification by menopausal status and rs297325 genotypes, the OR; 95% CI was 0.62; 0.38 to 0.99 in premenopausal women with the TC + CC genotype and 1.24; 0.82 to 1.88 in menopausal women with the TC + CC genotype.

Conclusion:
SOX6 rs297325 was not significantly associated with osteoporosis but might have modulated the association between menopause and osteoporosis. The risk of osteoporosis was higher in menopausal women with the TC + CC genotype but lower in premenopausal women with the TC + CC genotype.
Molecular and Epidemiologic Analysis of Diarrheal Pathogens in Children With Acute Gastroenteritis in Bangladesh During 2014–2019
Authors: Sharif Nadim , Nobel Nasir Uddin , Sakib Najmuj , Liza Syeda Moriam , Khan Shafia Tasnim , Billah Baki , Parvez Anowar Khasru , Haque Aynul , Talukder Ali Azam , Dey Shuvra Kanti 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Diarrheal disease is one of the leading causes of childhood morbidity and mortality in the 21st century in developing countries. Mainly infants and young children develop diarrheal diseases. This study aims to determine the incidence of diarrheal pathogens in children in Bangladesh.

Methods:
During 2014 to 2019, 387 fecal specimens were collected from children with diarrhea in Bangladesh. Bacterial pathogens were detected by conventional bacteriologic, biochemical and molecular sequence analysis methods. DNA virus and RNA virus (diarrheal viruses) were detected using polymerase chain reaction and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, respectively and confirmed by molecular sequence analysis.

Results:
Bacterial infections were detected in 39.27% (152 of 387) of the stool samples. Escherichia coli was the most prevalent (17.3%) followed by Vibrio cholerae (13.5%), Salmonella spp. (4.9%) and Shigella spp. (3.6%). From 387 fecal specimens tested, 42.4% (164 of 387) were positive for viral infections. Rotavirus was the most prevalent (26.3%), followed by adenovirus (5.7%), norovirus (5.4%) and human bocavirus (4.9%). Dual infection between rotavirus and E. coli accounted for the largest portion of coinfection (48%). Diarrhea (77%) and abdominal pain (65%) were most common followed by vomiting (63%), fever (43%) and dehydration (39%). E. coli and V. cholerae were most resistant against ciprofloxacin (62.7%) and tetracycline (88.5%). qnrA and sul4 resistance genes were isolated from these pathogens.

Conclusions:
Data from this study underline the high incidence of diarrheal pathogens and presence of antibiotics resistance genes in a pediatric population in Bangladesh.
Pharmacological target-focused transcriptomic analysis of native vs cultured human and mouse dorsal root ganglia
Authors: Wangzhou Andi , McIlvried Lisa A. , Paige Candler , Barragan-Iglesias Paulino , Shiers Stephanie , Ahmad Ayesha , Guzman Carolyn A. , Dussor Gregory , Ray Pradipta R. , Gereau Robert W. , Price Theodore J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons detect sensory inputs and are crucial for pain processing. They are often studied in vitro as dissociated cell cultures with the assumption that this reasonably represents in vivo conditions. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has directly compared genome-wide transcriptomes of DRG tissue in vivo versus in vitro or between laboratories and culturing protocols. Comparing RNA sequencing-based transcriptomes of native to cultured (4 days in vitro) human or mouse DRG, we found that the overall expression levels of many ion channels and G-protein–coupled receptors specifically expressed in neurons are markedly lower although still expressed in culture. This suggests that most pharmacological targets expressed in vivo are present under the condition of dissociated cell culture, but with changes in expression levels. The reduced relative expression for neuronal genes in human DRG cultures is likely accounted for by increased expression of genes in fibroblast-like and other proliferating cells, consistent with their mitotic status in these cultures. We found that the expression of a subset of genes typically expressed in neurons increased in human and mouse DRG cultures relative to the intact ganglion, including genes associated with nerve injury or inflammation in preclinical models such asBDNF,MMP9,GAL, andATF3. We also found a striking upregulation of a number of inflammation-associated genes in DRG cultures, although many were different between mouse and human. Our findings suggest an injury-like phenotype in DRG cultures that has important implications for the use of this model system for pain drug discovery.
Pattern of Smartphone Usage and Psychosocial Factors Affecting Smartphone Overdependence in Middle-Aged Women
Authors: Jeong Yeo Won , Oh Juyeon 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Studies suggest that the prevalence of smartphone overdependence has increased in middle-aged individuals; however, little is known about factors that may influence smartphone overdependence among middle-aged women. This study assessed the patterns of smartphone usage and the psychosocial factors affecting smartphone overdependence in middle-aged women. Middle-aged women (n = 135) in South Korea completed the Smartphone Overdependence Scale, Ego Resiliency Scale, Profile of Mood States-Brief, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Subjective Happiness Scale. The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. The mean smartphone duration per use was 13.41 ± 10.82 minutes, the mean frequency of smartphone usage per day was 23.06 ± 20.29, and the most used smartphone function was messaging. Smartphone overdependence occurred in 13 (9.63%) of the 135 middle-aged women, and higher tension (OR = 1.34, p = .011), less vigor (OR = 0.83, p = .040), and less social support from significant others (OR = 0.40, p = .010) were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of smartphone overdependence. This study has value as a first step in examining smartphone overdependence and its psychosocial predictive factors among middle-aged women. A smartphone overdependence intervention for middle-aged women could include activities that reduce tension, increase vigor, and enhance offline social support.
Assessment of tumor response to definitive chemoradiotherapy and prognosis prediction in patients with esophageal cancer judged by PET response criteria in solid tumors: multicenter study in Japan
Authors: Kitajima Kazuhiro , Kaida Hayato , Nakatani Koya , Ishibashi Mana , Morita Takahiro , Nakajo Masatoyo , Tamaki Yukihisa , Minamimoto Ryogo 
Published: March 2020

Objectives
The aim of the study was to evaluate PET response criteria in solid tumors (PERCIST) to indicate therapeutic response to definitive chemoradiotherapy, as well as prediction of recurrence and death in patients with esophageal cancer.

Methods
Before and after recieving definitive chemoradiotherapy, 181 patients with esophageal cancer underwent fluorodeoxyglucose-PET/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT). PERCIST, reduction rates of tumor uptake and volume of whole lesions, tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging regarding progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using log-rank and Cox methods.

Results
Complete metabolic response (CMR), partial metabolic response (PMR), stable metabolic disease (SMD), and progressive metabolic disease (PMD) shown by PERCIST were seen in 42 (23.2%), 113 (62.4%), 14 (7.7%), and 12 (6.6%) patients, respectively. Progression developed in 137 (75.7%) patients and 101 (56.1%) patients died (median follow-up 16.9, range 3.2–124.9 months). Those who achieved CMR showed significantly longer PFS and OS as compared with patients who did not (PMR, SMD, and PMD) (both P < 0.0001). In univariate analysis, initial clinical T status (P = 0.0048), N status (P = 0.011), and TNM stage (P = 0.0006), PERCIST (P < 0.0001), and reduction rate of peak lean body mass standardized uptake value (P < 0.0001), of metabolic tumor volume (P < 0.0001), and of total lesion glycolysis (TLG) (P < 0.0001) were associated with significantly increased OS. Multivariate analysis confirmed PERCIST [hazard ratio (HR): 13.15, 95% confidence interval (CI), 4.54–55.8; P < 0.0001], and TLG reduction rate (HR: 2.21, 95% CI, 1.04–4.68; P = 0.040) as independent OS predictors.

Conclusion
PERCIST is useful for evaluating therapeutic response to definitive chemoradiotherapy, and predicting progression and death in patients with esophageal cancer.
Restoration of I-131 whole body image using a Wiener filter
Authors: Pandey Anil Kumar , Santosh Yashwariya , Sharma Param D. , Yadav Divya , Bal Chandrashekhar , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: March 2020

Introduction
The aim of the study was to restore I-131 whole body image using Wiener filter.

Material and methods
A set of 50 I-131 whole body images acquired using Symbia E dual head gamma camera with high energy general purpose collimator was used. The Gaussian point-spread function (PSF) characterised by the size (3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13 pixels) and corresponding standard deviation (0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 1.75, and 2 pixels) and noise-to-signal power ratios (NSR: 0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5) were used as parameters for Wiener filter. Using the combinations of PSF and NSR, a total of 2450 images (50 × 49 = 2450 images, where 49 images include 1 input and 48 restored images for each input image) were generated and inspected by two nuclear medicine physicians. They selected one best image (the image which had less noise and better contrast between the lesion and background in comparison with the input image). Their results were analyzed.

Results
Compared to input image, the metastatic uptake in restored images was very easily perceived. The restored image obtained with PSF (size = 13, sigma = 2) and NSR = 0.3 had better signal-to-noise ratio in comparison to restored image obtained with PSF (size = 11, sigma = 1.75) and NSR = 0.2.

Conclusion
The restored images with PSF (size = 13, sigma = 2) and NSR = 0.3 were found to have superior image quality in comparison with its input image.
The Clinical Characteristics of Fractures in Pediatric Patients Exposed to Proton Pump Inhibitors
Authors: Fleishman Nathan , Richardson Troy , Attard Thomas 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:There are increasing concerns regarding proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and the risk of fractures in adults. Few studies have evaluated this risk among pediatric patients. This study examined fractures and fracture location among pediatric patients exposed to PPI compared with those without documented exposure.Study Design:Encounters for patients 6 months to 15.5 years were identified between July 1, 2011 to December 31, 2015 in the Pediatric Hospital Information System database. Exclusion criteria was applied for chronic illnesses, conditions or medications predisposing to fracture. Encounters were classified as PPI encounters if a charge for PPI was documented. PPI encounters were propensity matched to non‐PPI encounters. Following initial encounter, patients were evaluated over a 2‐year period for hospitalizations resulting from fracture.Results:There was a statistically significant higher rate of fractures among the PPI‐exposed group (1.4% vs 1.2%, P = 0.019). Adjusting for remaining differences in sex, race, encounter type, payer, and resource intensity after matching, the difference remained statistically significant (P = 0.017) with an adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) of 1.2 (1.0‐‐1.4). Upper extremity was the most common location for fracture; however, the PPI cohort was more likely to suffer from lower extremity, rib, and spinal fractures (P = 0.01).Conclusions:This study suggests an increased risk of fracture among pediatric patients taking PPI. Among patients hospitalized with a fracture, those with PPI exposure had a higher rate of lower extremity, rib, and spine fractures compared with controls. This appeared to be a class effect not related to individual PPI agent.
Extraintestinal Manifestations Are Associated With Disease Severity in Pediatric Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Jansson Sabine , Malham Mikkel , Paerregaard Anders , Jakobsen Christian , Wewer Vibeke 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of this study was to investigate a possible association between extraintestinal manifestations (EIM) and a more severe disease course in pediatric onset inflammatory bowel disease (pIBD).Methods:This study compares the disease course of pIBD patients (IBD diagnosis <15 years of age) with and without EIM in a population‐based cohort from Denmark. Patients diagnosed with pIBD between 1998 and 2008 were included in the study and followed until December 31, 2014. Data on phenotype, treatment, relapses, and the temporal relationship between IBD relapses and activity of EIM were collected at end of follow‐up by manual revision of patient charts.Results:Of 333 pIBD patients, 14 (4.2%) had EIM at time of diagnosis and 47 (14.1%) developed EIM during follow‐up. Median follow‐up time was 9.6 years for patients with EIM and 8.8 years for patients without. In ulcerative colitis, EIM were associated with an increased risk of biological treatment and surgery (hazard ratio: 2.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3–5.5, P = 0.008 and 2.9 [95% CI: 1.1–7.7, P = 0.03], respectively). In Crohn disease, EIM were associated with an increased relapse rate (1.3 [95% CI: 1.1–1.5], P = 0.001). Lastly, we found a positive temporal relationship between relapse of IBD and EIM activity.Conclusion:The presence of EIM is associated with a more severe disease course in pIBD. This should be considered when deciding treatment options, as a more aggressive treatment approach could be warranted in patients with EIM. However, prospective studies are needed to fully evaluate this.
The Interaction Between Hematological Cancer Patients and Family Caregivers and Their Life Changes
Authors: Serçe Özgü , Günüşen Neslihan Partlak 
Published: March 2020

Background
Diagnosis of hematological cancer affects patients and caregivers as a unit. Few studies have focused on the relationship between hematological cancer patients and their caregivers.

Objective
To explore (a) the interaction between patients receiving treatment for hematological cancer in a hematology-oncology clinic and their family caregivers and (b) perceived changes in lives of patients receiving treatment for hematological cancer in a hematology-oncology clinic and their family caregivers.

Methods
We used a qualitative descriptive design with a dyadic approach. The study sample included 11 patients with hematological cancer and 11 family caregivers selected through purposive sampling. In-depth interviews were conducted using a semistructured interview format.

Results
As a result of a content analysis, 3 themes emerged: hidden emotions, companionship, and life changes. Both the patients and the family caregivers described coping by hiding their feelings, thoughts, and needs and reducing communication with each other. Dyad members described commitment to each other and an increase in confidence. In addition, the patients and the family caregivers experienced changes in their roles and perspectives during the diagnosis and treatment process.

Conclusion
Patients with hematological cancer and family caregivers need nurses’ support. Nurses should be prepared to provide patient-caregiver–based interventions.

Implication for Practices
It is important that nurses take action to strengthen the relationship between patients and their caregivers, particularly with a focus on carrying out interventions to improve communication between them. Nurses can also strengthen dyads’ coping by drawing attention to positive developments in their perspectives and relationships.