bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salt stress effect on morphometrical and anatomical leaf traits of promising poplar biotypes
Authors: Evlakov P M , Zapletin V Yu , Rzhevsky S G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of short-term salt stress on the morphometric, anatomical and biochemical traits of fast-growing woody plants and to evaluate the promising poplar genotypes according to their degree of resistance. The experiments were conducted on five annual varieties in containers. The fourth leaf from the top of apical shoot, 80% of which corresponds to a maximum leaf area and high photosynthetic activity, was used in the experiment. The studies showed the nature of changes in the specific surface density and water content of the leaf of annual shoots. A short-term salt stress causes changes in leaf anatomy. Thus, the less stable genotype of poplar ‘Kitayskiy’ responds by the reduction of the leaf thickness. The changes in leaf anatomy of the experimental plants also include a decrease in height of the palisade and spongy parenchyma cells, which leads to the reduction of assimilation surface area and unproductive water loss. The study included analysis of changes in the proline concentration as a result of short-term salinization of the experimental plants. All samples showed a change in proline levels in response to stress, but most intense reaction was shown by genotypes ‘Veduga’ and ‘Hybrid e.s.-38’. In general, greater stability and plasticity at the initial stage of salinization is characteristic of poplars ‘Volosistoplodny’, ‘Sacrau-59’, ‘Hybrid e.s.-38’ and ‘Veduga’, which allows us to recommend them for reforestation and afforestation on irrigated soils.
Innovative aspects of cultivation of large spruce seedlings for reforestation
Authors: Kazakov I V , Prokazin N E , Kazakov V I , Martynyuk A A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Studies conducted in a forest nursery (Moscow region, Russia) have established the following. Seeds, additionally sorted by size and weight, should be used for the cultivation of large spruce seedlings (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.). Lightweight seeds must be removed. Only heavy and medium weight seeds should be used for sowing. When sowing, the seeds must be distributed uniformly in the sowing line with the same distance between them. The rate of sowing of spruce seeds should ensure the optimal plant density in the sowing line in the amount of 20-30 pieces per meter. Horizontal pruning of spruce seedling roots must be carried out at a depth of 12-15 cm at the age of three in the second half of July. This enables to form a fibrous root system and developed crown of plants. Innovative technology of cultivation of large spruce seedlings in the sowing section of the nursery enables to get planting material which is similar to transplants.
Changes in land use cover and its effects on hydrometeorological risk in Tuxtla Gutiérrez (Mexico)
Authors: Silva M , García A , Hernando A , Manzanera A , Aguilar M , Guichard D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
To better understand the space-time dynamics and the effect of urban growth on the transformation of territory, this article presents the results of Iber 2D simulation tests to analyze flood events in the lower Sabinal river basin, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico. First, Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 satellite images from 1986 and 2014 years were processed to generate classified images of the land cover of the study area. From the identified coverages, the soil roughness values were defined, as well as the infiltration parameter of water in the soil. Both values were used as input data in an Iber 2D simulation model to analyze and compare the maximum flood level with different precipitation values in the two reference years. Between 1986 and 2014, the coverage of urbanizations increased considerably, while the coverage of trees, pastures and agriculture decreased. Due to this change in coverages, in 2014 rainfall caused higher values of direct runoff, increasing water heights levels and therefore the risk of overflowing the Sabinal River. With the model shown here, it is possible to calculate the depth and water heights reached and identify the points and moments of overflow of the river. This model can be used to provide feedback to flood risk warning systems and to analyze basins that lack monitoring infrastructure.
Irrigation systems of urban landscapes of the south of the European part of Russia: problems and perspective
Authors: Gorbov S N , Bezuglova O S , Romanuta E V , Tischenko S A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper discusses the necessity to apply the innovative irrigation technology when creating artificial landscapes in the South of the European part of Russia. The artificial green areas of the Rostov agglomeration significantly differ from the traditional steppe plant associations. They are presented, as a rule, by tree plantings or grassy introduced species which are used to create the city microclimate and also for protection from the eastern winds. Unfortunately climatic conditions and increasing anthropogenic load don‘t provide the stable rooting and development of plants without additional moistening, despite the Chernozem high agronomic value. The process of the soil cover replanting of its central part and the phenologically old trees replacing is actively under way. This process should be accompanied by compliance with the requirements for enhanced, both in frequency and volume, irrigation of young trees. But the use of automatic and semi-automatic irrigation systems is associated with the absence of a regulatory framework for the design, installation, and further operation of irrigation systems under the conditions of the Russian Federation. This issue requires the solving with the direct participation of specialists from various fields, both theorists and construction practitioners, land reclamation specialists, soil scientists, landscape designers.
Sustainable extended reproduction of chernozem forest
Authors: Chernyshov M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The problem of sustainable forest reproduction, belonging to the sparsely forested regions, is becoming more acute and urgent every year due to progressive aging and degradation of existing forests. The forest legislation in the Russian Federation is imperfect. Most legal acts do not have clear standards for assessing forest quality at different stages of their cultivation, necessary to control the reproduction of highly productive and sustainable stands of the main forest-forming tree species that successfully perform various useful functions. Accounting and measuring work was performed to assess the current state and trends of forest reproduction of the Chernozem region. The following has been found. Natural oak regeneration under the forest canopy is completely absent in mature and over-mature stands. Only two ways of oak forest reproduction are possible: either natural revegetation by preliminary acorning 1-2 years before the mother plantation cutting, or by artificial reforestation, which requires large financial and labor costs. Regeneration cutting should be restarted in mature and over-mature oak stands. The main reason for poor quality and unsatisfactory condition of closing and closed pine and oak forest stands under the age of 10-20 years is the lack of timely silviculture, leading to their inhibition by deciduous species. Therefore, artificial reforestation should include all types of thinning.
Three-dimensional virtual dynamometer to measure the process of overcoming obstacles by disc cultivator
Authors: Lysych M N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The process of interaction between elastically fastened tillage tools and obstacles is investigated by means of computer applications that simulate the dynamics of the movement of 3d-models (MDB) created in the CAD. Design of the virtual stand and dynamometer block, implemented in the SolidWorks CAD system and the application for modeling the movement dynamics of SolidWorks Motion are described. The virtual stand enables to simultaneously capture all the components of traction resistance vector (RX, RY, RZ). Measured volumetric power characteristics of the process of stump overcoming by a section of a modular disk cultivator and the forces arising on the spring of a safety mechanism are given as an example of the virtual stand use. The discrepancy between experimental data and modeling data at the entrance to the stump is 8 … 10%. In the future, virtual test data can be used to optimize the structures of tillage tools and safety mechanisms, as well as to reliably simulate disturbances in modeling the working process of the machine-tractor unit as a whole.
Saving hydraulic drive of the grapple slewing gear in timber transport machines and improvement of its work processes
Authors: Chetverikova I , Popikov P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The research analysis of dynamics of technological machine work processes has been carried out. The aim of the work is improvement of work processes of the grapple slewing gear in forest transport machines by justification of energy saving hydraulic drive parameters. It enables to reduce dynamic loading and power consumption of the carried-out technological process. The computer program including the design data of new power-saving hydraulic drive of the grapple slewing gear affecting the efficiency of working processes is developed on the basis of a mathematical model of work process. As a result of computer experiments it is established that the energy-saving hydraulic drive with optimum parameters reduces the maximum pressure of actuating fluid during column braking. The pressure becomes equal to 3MPa. Recovery energy when turning the column is 25% of the spent energy. Amplitude of load swinging with a frequency of 0.8–1.5 Hz with the sharp change of the column movement mode decreases in 2–3 times.
Tendencies of the development of forest management in modern Russia
Authors: Kolesnichenko E , Morkovina S , Sirotkina N , Shevyakov A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Entrepreneurial activity in the sphere of forest management is characterized by a system of extensive relations and entrepreneurs seek to gain maximum profit from the use of economic, social and natural resources. In the article, the authors focus on the theoretical aspects of the study of forest management in modern Russia and analyze the key legal provisions regulating the activities of businessmen involved in the sphere of forest management. Based on the use of statistical analysis methods, the authors assess the state of forestry and reforestation process in Russia. According to the calculations, the authors conclude that the increase in forest cutting brings about a decrease in forest restoration (including artificial reforestation). Thus, entrepreneurs face certain problems related to the forest resources valuation. The authors conclude that an overestimation of the value of forest resources (rental rates) leads to a decrease in the entrepreneurial activity in the sphere of forest management. On the other hand, low cost of forest resources attracts unreliable investors, which has a negative effect. The researchers suggest that a concession is an effective mechanism for interaction between the authorities and business structures in forest management. They argue that this will make the use of forest resources more effective thanks to the process of reforestation.
Research units of flexible working body motion, cutting branches
Authors: Bukhtoyarov L D , Maksimenkov A I , Abramov V V , Lysych M N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
There are significant tilts of the working body, clamping, hitting an insurmountable obstacle when the machine is working in the forest, due to the unevenness of the soil, stumps, and fallen trees. Therefore, circular saws and cutters often fail. Flexible working body is able to deviate from insurmountable obstacles, which increases the reliability of the machine. Since each link of the flexible working body can move relative to the other, the use of analytical methods for describing kinematics is possible only for the cases with a large number of known input parameters, which we have shown in the mathematical model of the rotor. A virtual prototype of a rotor with a flexible working body has been created to describe the movement of a flexible working body with a minimum number of input parameters. 3d contact between the links, their geometrical parameters, initial position, weight, gravity, torque applied to the shaft are given in the simulation model of the rotor. Thus, (having only geometric and mass characteristics of the links of a flexible working body at the input based on a simulation experiment) dependencies have been obtained to determine the kinematics of the links of a flexible working body, taking into account its bending in the vertical and horizontal plane.
Risk analysis in the management of forest fire in Russia
Authors: Ostapenko A , Morkovin V , Manmareva V , Manmarev D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the Russians forests, from 10 to 15 thousand forest fires are annually registered, and according to forecasts, the tendency of increasing damage from fires in the country’s forests will grow. The final annual damage from forest fires in 2010 amounted to 550.4 thousand hectares of forest covered by fire. The article discusses the risks of forest fires determined by a combination of natural, economic and social factors. Based on an expert survey, an assessment was made of the probability of occurrence of risk events taking into account the categories of forests in Russia. The expert assessment used two criteria - the probability of a forest fire and the extent of expected losses from the occurrence of risk. It is shown that the most vulnerable to forest fires are forests located near homes, social and industrial facilities, as well as recreational forests. Three categories of forests have been proposed for the purpose of continuous monitoring of fire danger, firstly, forests located near dwellings, social and industrial facilities, secondly, forests with a developed network of roads and having a high level of timber value.
Directions of innovative development of the forest complex
Authors: Serebryakova N A , Dorokhova N V , Avdeev I V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The article considers the most promising directions of innovative development of the forest complex, the most suitable conditions for the digitalization of the economy. The study was conducted using a complex of General scientific and private methods: dialectical, historical, abstract-logical, as well as systemic, situational and scenario approaches, comparative analysis, empirical generalization. As a result, the efficiency and prospects of using a wide range of digital technologies for the development of the forest complex are proved. It is proposed to create and use a digital platform of the forest complex, aimed at the concentration of resources necessary for the digitalization of the forest complex, as well as the systematization and harmonization of the activities of stakeholders in this direction. The main goal of creating a digital platform of the forest complex is a significant increase in production efficiency due to the large-scale introduction of digital technologies. The goal is concretized by a number of tasks related to theoretical and methodological justification of expediency and efficiency of digital technologies in the forest complex. The implementation of this project will significantly improve the efficiency of economic activity in the forest complex of the country.
Assessment of the economic activity greening level and the green economy development directions
Authors: Vertakova Y V , Plotnikov V A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Sustainable development is a priority in a modern world. The essence of sustainable development is to ensure such economic growth that allows to preserve the natural environment for present and future generations. One of the effective tools for this is the development of green economy. The authors consider the problems of sustainable development and a green economy on the example of Russia. The purpose of the study: (1) to develop a method for assessing the development of a green economy based on a comparison of environmental and economic indicators; (2) to test this method on the materials of the Russian regions, to assess their economic activity greening level; (3) to offer recommendations for improving policies and regulation in the development of the green economy. In this study, in order to assess the level of ecologization of the regional economy, a method of assessing ecological and economic territorial development is used, based on the calculation of the integral index. This technique allows for a comparative analysis of Russian regions in terms of environmental and economic development. The authors give a comparative quantitative assessment of the level of greening of the Russian regions. On this basis, the priorities and directions of development of the green economy are proposed. It is recommended to use these proposals in the regulation of regional development in order to achieve the main goal – sustainable development. These recommendations do not reflect only the specifics of the Russian Federation, and therefore may also be applicable in the international practice.
Numerical Research of Bending Flexible Plates
Authors: Gabbasov Radek , Filatov Vladimir , Dao Ngoc Khoa 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The problem considered in the article belongs to the class of geometrically nonlinear problems. A numerical method basing on the use of difference equations of successive approximation method (MSA) is proposed to solve the problem. The results obtaining from example of this article are compared with the results received by A.S. Volmir for confirmation of efficiency of methodology.
Results of Studying the Yield Strength of the Spatial Structure Joint Using CAE Systems
Authors: Alpatov Vadim 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Numerical experiments of a of the spatial structure joint are presented. Studied the spatial structure joint created by the authors. The joint of spatial structure is protected by a patent of the Russian Federation. The studies were performed in four software systems: Lira (DNDIASB, Kiev), SCAD (SCAD Group, Kiev), CosmosWorks (Structural Research & Analysis Corp., Los Angeles), ANSYS Design Space (ANSYS, USA). Calculations purpose – evaluate the performance of each settlement complex. The evaluation of each computational complex was carried out according to the model creation time, computation time, FE mesh quality and ease of use of the program complex. The results of the evaluation of the accuracy and time of creation of the FE mesh, the accuracy and time of solving the problem were obtained.
Calculation of Equal Strength Thick-Walled Concrete Cylinder with Free Ends
Authors: Andreev Vladimir , Potekhin Ivan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The article discusses radially inhomogeneous thick-walled cylindrical shells in which inhomogeneity may be due to various reasons (structure, the effect of the temperature field, etc.).Thick-walled shells are called equal-stressed, if the principle stress σ1 in all points of the body is constant. In inhomogeneous body, in addition to the elastic modulus of a material, its strength can also variable. In accordance with the first theory of strength, if the stress σ1 is variable and at each point the strength of the material is equal, then the thick-walled shell is called equal-strength. The article discusses the modelling of equal strength concrete thick-walled shell with free ends.
Examples of Non-Associative Evolution Laws in Thermomechanical Framework for Elastoplastic Damaged Material
Authors: Kaminska Inez 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The goal of the paper is to outline the major steps of thermomechanical constitutive modelling with emphasis on incorporation of non-associative evolution laws. A brief description of the main assumptions and general equations are given. Then two examples are presented, both resulting in Beltrami-Michell failure condition, but differing in dissipation potential. The first example couples effects of plasticity and damage, while the second separates the phenomena. Some comments are given on basic technicalities in modelling.
Determination of Steady-State Amplitudes in the Region of Dynamic Instability of a Viscoelastic Plate
Authors: Kosheleva Elena 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The problem of determining the amplitude of oscillations in the region of dynamic instability of a rectangular plate, the material of which obeys the hereditary law of deformation, in a geometrically nonlinear formulation is considered. The differential equation of plate oscillations under the action of constant and variable loads in its plane was obtained. It has been found also the amplitude of steady-state oscillations and was drawn amplitude-frequency curve.
Discrete-Continual Finite Element Method for Semianalytical Analysis of Plates on Two-Parameter Elastic Foundation. Part 1: Continual Formulations of the Problem and Approximations
Authors: Mozgaleva Marina , Aslami Mojtaba , Akimov Pavel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper is proposed discrete-continual finite element method (DCFEM) for semianalytical analysis of plates on two-parameter elastic foundation. First of all, the operational and discrete-continual formulations of the problem are described, then the approximation of unknown functions and its partial derivatives are obtained. Later the internal forces, local stiffness matrices and local load vectors are evaluated, then these local vectors and matrices are assembled to obtain resultant multipoint boundary problem and in the final step the problem is solved by the exact analytical method. This method allowed to obtain exact analytical solutions of boundary problems along the regular direction, and these solutions remain exact for arbitrary influences such as any force or moment, soil parameters, intermediate constraints and connections. Using this method, the problem remains continual in the one direction (basic), while the discrete (finite element) approximation is carried out with respect to the non-basis direction. The structural discontinuities in the analytical direction can be taken into account, by addition of new appropriate boundary conditions at the relevant section. The DCFEM increases the accuracy of the solution and significantly reduces the computational efforts, especially within analysis of extended plates such as strip foundations.
Investigation of the Degree of Vibrations’ Transmission Transferred Through the Subsoil to the Structure
Authors: Grosel Jacek , Golicki Przemyslaw 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The work presents the course and results of tests to determine the coefficient of transmission of vibrations from a building sub-base to a building structure. Vibration of structure is caused by quasi-seismic excitation; in presented example it is vibrations caused by tram passage. The factor of transmission is relationship between vibrations recorded on the object and the level of vibrations on the ground without an existing object. The value of the transmission degree will enable better design of the building.
Estimation of Stress Distribution in Timber Beams under Steady Changes of Moisture Content
Authors: Lesko Arkadiusz 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper relates to the effect of steady-state change of moisture content in timber elements. Several constitutive models of the material used in the literature have been presented. For the purpose of the simulation, a three-dimensional FEM model was prepared. Results were presented based on four models of moisture distribution and three sets of material parameters. Based on the literature and simulation results, the necessity of changing the practical design approach was discussed.