bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complicating the Duality: Reconceptualising the Construction of Children in Victorian Child Protection Law
Authors: Walsh Kieran 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article seeks to challenge the prevailing view that child protection legislation introduced in the late Victorian and Edwardian periods was characterised by a victim/threat duality. An examination of the parliamentary debates leading to the passage of major reforming Acts leads to a more complex construction of children. While the classic duality was present in respect of some issues earlier in the period under examination, it gave way to a view which placed greater emphasis on the child as a victim. At the same time, the law began, in an admittedly limited sense, to recognise children as agents with individual stories capable of contributing to the legal process, especially through increased capability to participate at trials. This conclusion can add significantly to our understanding of how the law understood childhood before the development of the modern children's rights movement.
The cultural wantons of the new millennium
Authors: Archer Margaret S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn Culture and Agency (1988/1996, CUP), I made the distinction between the ‘Cultural System’ (C.S.), that is all items logged into the universal cultural archive, and ‘Socio‐Cultural’ (S‐C) interaction, namely how we persuade others to accept our views. The two are distinct; but any adequate explanation in social science involving ‘culture’ must respect this distinction and needs must come in a SAC, namely always entailing ‘Structure’, ‘Agency’ and ‘Culture’. Although not accepting that culture (C.S) was or is ever fully coherent or shared by definition, I charter a precipitous decline in its free accessibility as part of the Commons everywhere, but most markedly when and where morphogenesis predominates today – adding new variety to the (C.S.) and fostering divergent (S‐C) aims. Together, their ideational opportunism greatly augments Fake News as opponents lock in conflict, particularly when social integration is already low. Such Fake News is especially harmful to personal and collective Reflexivity and the ‘data smog’ of social media induces a ‘presentism’ that generates cultural wantons (Harry Frankfurt's term) amongst both those lying and in receipt of their lies.
‘This Is Not a Patient, This Is Property of the State’: Nursing, ethics, and the immigrant detention apparatus
Authors: Jenkins Danisha , Holmes Dave , Burton Candace , Murray Stuart J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper opens with first‐hand accounts of critical care medical interventions in which detainees, in the custody of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), are brought to the emergency department for treatment. This case dramatizes the extent to which the provision of ethical and acceptable nursing care is jeopardized by federal law enforcement paradigms. Drawing on the scholarship of Michel Foucault and Giorgio Agamben, this paper offers a theoretical account of the power dynamics that inform the health care of patients who find themselves caught in the custodial scaffolding of a vast immigration and detention apparatus. It offers an analysis of the display of sovereign and biopolitical power over the lives (and deaths) of detainees (Foucault), as well as the ways these individuals are reduced to “bare life” under the political pretext of an emergency or “state of exception” (Agamben). Our purpose here is both theoretical and practical: to better understand the often hidden agency or impersonal “will” exercised by the immigrant detention system, but also to equip clinicians in these and cognate facilities (e.g., prisons) with the critical tools by which they might better navigate incommensurable paradigms (i.e., care vs. custody) in order to deliver the best care while upholding their ethical duties as a care provider. This is all the more pressing because hospitals are not sanctuaries and given the incursion of federal law enforcement agents, nurses may find themselves conscripted as de facto agents of the state.
Leaf chlorosis in Arabidopsis thaliana hybrids is associated with transgenerational decline and imbalanced ribosome number
Authors: Vaid Neha , Ishihara Hirofumi , Plötner Björn , Sageman‐Furnas Katelyn , Wiszniewski Andrew , Laitinen Roosa A. E. 
Published: June 2020

Summary

The interaction of two parental genomes can result in negative outcomes in offspring, also known as hybrid incompatibility. We have previously reported a case in which two recessively interacting alleles result in hybrid chlorosis in Arabidopsis thaliana. A DEAD‐box RNA helicase 18 (AtRH18) was identified to be necessary for chlorosis.

In this study, we use a sophisticated genetic approach to investigate genes underlying hybrid chlorosis. Sequence comparisons, DNA methylation inhibitor drug treatment and segregation analysis were used to investigate the epigenetic regulation of hybrid chlorosis. Relative rRNA numbers were quantified using real‐time quantitative PCR.

We confirmed the causality of AtRH18 and provided evidence for the involvement of the promoter region of AtRH18 in the hybrid chlorosis. Furthermore, AtMOM1 from the second parent was identified as the likely candidate gene on chromosome 1. Chlorotic hybrids displayed transgenerational decline in chlorosis, and DNA demethylation experiment restored chlorophyll levels in chlorotic hybrids. Quantification of rRNA indicated that hybrid chlorosis was associated with an imbalance in the ratio of cytosolic and plastid ribosomes.

Our findings highlight that the epigenetic regulation of AtRH18 causes hybrid breakdown and provide novel information about the role of AtRH18 in plant development.
A case of an Infant with SARS‐CoV‐2 hepatitis early after liver transplantation
Authors: Heinz Nicole , Griesemer Adam , Kinney Joanna , Vittorio Jennifer , Lagana Stephen M. , Goldner Dana , Velasco Monica , Kato Tomoaki , Lobritto Steven , Martinez Mercedes 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe present a case of a pediatric liver transplant recipient diagnosed with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection four days after receiving a living donor liver allograft from her mother. The recipient was a 6‐month‐old with end‐stage liver disease due to biliary atresia and failed Kasai. The infant had an uncomplicated implantation, excellent graft function and down‐trending liver enzymes until developing fevers, diarrhea, and moderate respiratory distress requiring non‐invasive respiratory support. SARS‐CoV‐2 testing (nasal swab Polymerase Chain Reaction) was positive on post‐operative day (POD) 4. Liver enzymes peaked ~1000 U/L (5‐fold higher than the previous day) on POD 6. Histology demonstrated a mixed picture of moderate acute hepatitis and classical elements of mild to moderate acute cellular rejection. Her hepatitis and respiratory symptoms improved coincident with completing treatment with hydroxychloroquine, reduced immunosuppression, and intravenous gamma globulin (IVIG).
Frailty and incident depressive symptoms in a Chinese sample: the Rugao Longevity and Ageing Study
Authors: Chu Xue‐Feng , Zhang Na , Shi Guo‐Ping , Wang Yong , Wang Zheng‐Dong , Guo Jiang‐Hong , Jiang Xiao‐Yan , Jin Li , Wang Xiao‐Feng , Zhu Yin‐Sheng 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundTo explore the cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations between frailty and incident depressive symptoms in a Chinese elderly sample.MethodsWe analysed data of 1264 older Chinese elders aged 70–87 years in the Rugao Longevity and Ageing Study. The frailty phenotype was assessed using the Fried criteria and depression symptoms was measured by the Geriatric Depression Scale.ResultsAt baseline, 10.6% of participants had depressive symptoms and 9.0% had frailty. In cross‐sectional analysis, both pre‐frailty (odds ratio (OR) = 2.18, 95% CI 1.35–3.51) and frailty (OR = 4.64, 95% CI 2.49–8.66) were associated with depressive symptoms. In longitudinal analyses, frailty (OR = 2.12, 95% CI 1.17–3.83), instead of pre‐frailty, was associated with 1.5‐year incident depressive symptoms in a full‐adjusted model among participants free of baseline depressive symptoms. In the components of frailty, lower grip strength was associated with increased risk of depressive symptoms onset (OR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.06–2.29).ConclusionsFrailty and lower grip strength were associated with incident depressive symptoms in a Chinese elderly sample. Interventions designed to prevent depressive symptoms may be useful by utilising physical aspects of the elderly population.
Alienation in Commercial Society: The Republican Critique of Jean‐Jacques Rousseau and Adam Ferguson
Authors: Bijlsma Rudmer 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article explores the republican critiques of commercial society of Jean‐Jacques Rousseau and Adam Ferguson, focusing on their kindred analyses of social alienation. The joint study of these thinkers reveals a Rousseauean strand of eighteenth‐century republicanism that effectively combined a traditional (yet idiosyncratic) Stoic view of human flourishing with an innovative, proto‐sociological analysis and critique of quintessentially modern social phenomena. Rousseau and Ferguson regard alienation as a loss of wholeness, both in humans individually and in their relations to their (social) surroundings. The article addresses two specific aspects of alienation in commercial society as the two thinkers see it. The first aspect concerns the insincerity underpinning the new moral vocabulary of polite sociability; the second aspect concerns the division of labor. According to Rousseau and Ferguson, this division threatens true human flourishing as well as political liberty. Finally, the conservative dimension of their republican solutions for overcoming alienation and bolstering liberty is considered.
Does Death Render Life Absurd?
Authors: Thomas Joshua Lewis 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, I assess the claim that death renders life absurd. First, I characterize absurdity as something we perceive in situations involving extreme disharmonies which strike us as unexpected or unacceptable. Next, I outline several potential disharmonies which death might introduce into our existence (such as the disharmony between our dignity and capacities, and the undignified annihilation which death promises), but suggest that these examples need not be seen as necessarily absurd; there are perspectives available to us from which these facts can appear to be acceptable aspects of life. Finally, I consider a more problematic case of absurdity—that human beings allegedly fail to grasp the truth of their mortality—but suggest that the underlying disharmony here can be eliminated provided we develop an authentic attitude toward death (and that this is possible, despite some objections). In short, I argue that none of the most obvious potential absurdities which might arise from our mortality are strong enough to entail the claim that death inevitably renders life absurd, at least on one plausible and interesting interpretation of that claim.
The COVID‐19 Pandemic and Relationship Banking in Germany: Will Regional Banks Cushion an Economic Decline or is A Banking Crisis Looming?
Authors: Flögel Franz , Gärtner Stefan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBy providing liquidity Hausbanks can support business clients to overcome the social shutdown and hence cushion the economic impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Germany's regional banks demonstrated such ability in the financial crisis of 2008/09 when, in contrast to large banks, they extended lending. Revisiting research on the global financial crisis and relationship banking, this note presents hints on the soundness and lending ability of retail banks, discussing their influence in the virus‐related economic turmoil. Banks appear better prepared to resist the crisis than in 2008. Still, the (looming) turmoil of the real economy at large tends to stress all banks and regional banks in particular, owing, among other reasons, to their leading position in business lending. The crisis represents a chance for Hausbanks to prove their commitment to business clients and provides a possibility for researchers to analyse the performance of different types of banks.
Ignorance, Orientalism and Sinophobia in Knowledge Production on COVID‐19
Authors: Zhang Yunpeng , Xu Fang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this commentary, based on a close reading of media reports and our everyday experiences as overseas Chinese researchers, we examine the production of ignorance surrounding the COVID‐19. Specifically, we focus on ignorance caused by selective inattention and power plays. We challenge the dominant dualistic frame of authoritarianism versus democracy and the role it plays in overly simplifying and even distorting the responses of Chinese authorities in handling this public health emergency. We maintain that this binary thinking is reflective of the conflation of orientalism, sinophobia and statephobia in the West, which also intersects with sexism and racism within and outside academic sites of knowledge production. The consequence is that knowledge accumulated by experts from China as well as other Asian countries about the virus and mitigation strategies are marginalised, discredited, distrusted, if not dismissed altogether.
DEK46 performs C‐to‐U editing of a specific site in mitochondrial nad7 introns that is critical for intron splicing and seed development in maize
Authors: Xu Chunhui , Song Shu , Yang Yan‐Zhuo , Lu Fan , Zhang Meng‐Di , Sun Feng , Jia Ruxue , Song Ruolin , Tan Bao‐Cai 
Published: June 2020

SUMMARYThe self‐splicing of group II introns during RNA processing depends on their catalytic structure and is influenced by numerous factors that promote the formation of that structure through direct binding. Here we report that C‐to‐U editing at a specific position in two nad7 introns is essential to splicing, which also implies that the catalytic activity of non‐functional group II introns could be restored by editing. We characterized a maize (Zea mays) mutant, dek46, with a defective kernel phenotype; Dek46 encodes a pentatricopeptide repeat DYW protein exclusively localized in mitochondria. Analyses of the coding regions of mitochondrial transcripts did not uncover differences in RNA editing between dek46 mutant and wild‐type maize, but showed that splicing of nad7 introns 3 and 4 is severely reduced in the mutant. Furthermore, editing at nucleotide 22 of domain 5 (D5‐C22) of both introns is abolished in dek46. We constructed chimeric introns by swapping D5 of P.li.LSUI2 with D5 of nad7 intron 3. In vitro splicing assays indicated that the chimeric intron containing D5‐U22 can be self‐spliced, but the one containing D5‐C22 cannot. These results indicate that DEK46 functions in the C‐to‐U editing of D5‐C22 of both introns, and the U base at this position is critical to intron splicing.
Influence of filter media depth and vegetation on Faecal Coliform removal by stormwater biofilters
Authors: Bu Chun Hooi , Lai Sai Hin , Goh Xiang Ting , Chong Wen Tong , Chin Ren Jie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBiofilters are promising technologies that widely applied in the treatment of urban stormwater. However, the microbial removal capacity performance depends greatly on the design of biofilters. Hence, this laboratory study attempts to investigate the influence of filter media depths (i.e. 150, 250, 350 and 450 mm) and the variation of native plants, that is, Cow Grass (Axonopus compressus) and Pearl Grass (Axonopus compressus, dwarf) in removing stormwater microorganism particularly Faecal Coliform (FC). Findings showed that a minimum media depth of 300 mm was required to achieve >1 log FC removal. The mean removal of FC at 450 mm depth filter exceeded 2 log for both Cow and Pearl grass biofilter columns. Results showed that there was no statistically significant difference in vegetation type on the performance of FC removal, however, Cow grass biofilter column revealed higher FC mean log removal compared to Pearl grass biofilter column.
Bovine cysticercosis and human taeniasis in a rural community in Ethiopia
Authors: Gutema Fanta D. , Shiberu Teferi , Agga Getahun E. , Abdi Reta D. , Hiko Adem , Tufa Takele B. , Hailu Yacob 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundBovine cysticercosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease that affects cattle caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Taenia saginata, the adult parasite that causes taeniasis in humans. Although bovine cysticercosis, and the associated human taeniasis, is controlled in developed countries, it is one of the neglected tropical diseases. Like other parts of Ethiopia, raw or undercooked beef consumption is common in the rural community of Yem district with no meat inspection services.MethodsWe conducted an abattoir survey to estimate the prevalence of bovine cysticercosis in cattle and a questionnaire survey to determine the level of historical human taeniasis infection in Yem district of Ethiopia.ResultsBovine cysticercosis was detected in 3.1% of 485 cattle examined. Although animal level prevalence was low, a subset of positive animals had a higher rate of cysticercosis infection widely distributed in various parts of the body. Over two‐fifths (40%) of the cysts were found in the tongue making it an important organ to look for during meat inspection. Over half of the cysts were viable indicating their potential to infect people. History of taeniasis was reported by 71.5% of 151 residents interviewed during the study. Raw meat consumption was very common (89.4%) among the residents; people who consumed raw meat were 25 times more likely to report taeniasis than those who did not. In addition, traditional treatments using herbs and chemicals of unknown efficacy and risk were very common.ConclusionsBovine cysticercosis and human taeniasis are important in this rural community. Providing meat inspection services and public health education on intervention measures such as proper cooking of meat, access to latrines and clean water are effective strategies that can break the lifecycle of the parasite and ensure beef safety and public health.
A misalignment-adaptive wireless power transfer system using PSO-based frequency tracking
Authors: Kilic Fuat , Sezen Serkan , Sis Seyit Ahmet 
Published: June 2020

One of the major challenges in inductive wireless power transfer (WPT) systems is that the optimal frequency of operation may shift predominantly due to coupling variation as a result of so-called frequency splitting phenomenon. When frequency splitting occurs, two additional resonance frequencies split from the coupler’s resonance frequency. Maximum power levels are observed at these split resonance frequencies; however, these frequencies are strongly-dependent on the coupling coefficient, hence the distance and alignment between the couplers. In addition to that, peak power values at these frequencies can be different from each other due to small impedance differences between the primary and secondary side resonant couplers, forming a local and a global maximum. Therefore, the WPT system should adaptively operate at the correct frequency for achieving maximum power transfer. In this paper, a metaheuristic Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based frequency tracking algorithm is proposed for use in WPT systems. The WPT system employs multi sub-coil flux pipe couplers, a full-bridge inverter which is driven by TMS320F28069 controller card and is suitable for high power charging applications. The control algorithm can accurately find the global maximum power point in case of frequency splitting with asymmetric peaks. The proposed frequency tracking algorithm operates only at the primary side based on measurement of the input power level. Therefore, no additional communication link is needed between the primary and the secondary side. Effectiveness of the proposed control method is validated by performing experiments under three different misalignment scenarios and compared to the traditional Perturb and Observe algorithm.
Dissipative Multiresonant Pillared and Trampoline Metamaterials With Amplified Local Resonance Bandgaps and Broadband Vibration Attenuation
Authors: Muhammad  , Lim C.W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe present study deals with the analysis of dissipative multiresonant pillared and trampoline effect–enhanced elastic metamaterials for the amplification of local resonance bandgaps. The study is conducted through a finite element–based numerical technique and substantiated with a discrete mass-in-mass analytical model. The band structures and wave dispersion characteristics of the multiresonant pillars erected on a thin elastic plate foundation are analyzed. Compared to a single-resonant metamaterial, this multiresonant structure innovatively creates wider bandgaps due to the coupling of resonance frequencies of the pillar modes with the base plate. For trampoline metamaterials, a periodic array of holes is made inside the plate. The holes forge the plate to work as a compliance base that enhances the system resonance frequency through intensive vibration of pillar-plate structure resulting in further amplified local resonance bandgaps. The enlargement of bandgaps also depends upon the height of the pillar and diameter of holes. Extremely wide low-frequency bandgaps can be achieved for a larger pillar height and a bigger hole diameter. Through a frequency response study, reported bandgaps are compared and an infinite unit cell model (band structure) is validated. The introduction of material loss factor (material damping) resulted in a broadband vibration attenuation zone spread throughout the frequency spectrum. Compared to a standard multiresonant pillared-plate model, the bandgap amplification caused by the trampoline effect induces a relatively larger bandwidth, and this superior characteristic together with the dissipative nature of the medium may facilitate potential design outcomes for manipulating subwavelength metamaterial properties over a broad range of frequencies.
Data-Driven Gantry Health Monitoring and Process Status Identification Based on Texture Extraction
Authors: Tosyali Ali , Song Rui , Guo Weihong (Grace) , Abolhassani Amir , Kalamdani Rajeev 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
As a critical asset, gantry has wide applications in many fields such as medical image area, infrastructure, and heavy industry. Mostly, the gantry is reliable, however, the loss led by the gantry lockout is inestimable enormous. Moreover, there are limited previous gantry studies concentrated on the statistical quality control to detect the fault not to mention the research that focuses on the algorithms applied to the process status sequence to detect the fault. Time series gantry process status sequence usually consists of categorical values, which makes it hard to obtain features for the task of fault identification. This paper proposes a novel method using texture extraction in image processing to obtain the features of gantry process status sequence. The histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) texture extraction technique is used to the process status sequence. To demonstrate the effectiveness of image-based feature extraction, we applied different machine learning algorithms to the time series gantry process status sequences provided by a leading automobile manufacturer. Results demonstrate that the sequence after the transformation of texture extraction technique has improved the accuracy of machine learning algorithms (i.e., 10% increase on average for KNN, 32% increase for LDA, 26% increase for QDA, and 8% increase for linear SVM).