bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis for prevention of recurrent childhood wheeze and asthma: a protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Quinn Lauren Alexandra , Shields Michael D. , Groves Helen E. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been associated with greater risk of recurrent wheezing and subsequent asthma. However, it is still unclear whether this association is causal or not. RSV-specific monoclonal antibodies have been shown to reduce RSV-related hospitalisations in high-risk infants, i.e. those born pre-term, but the longer term follow-up has given conflicting evidence for the prevention of recurrent wheeze or asthma.

Objective
We aim to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether or not prophylaxis with a monoclonal antibody for prevention of RSV-bronchiolitis reduces the risk of subsequent recurrent wheeze or asthma. If so, this would support the hypothesis that the association between RSV and recurrent wheeze and/or asthma is causative.

Methods
To identify relevant studies, we will search a number of databases including Medline, Embase, PubMed and Web of Science and will also manually look for unpublished data by contacting the manufacturers of monoclonal antibodies. The intervention being investigated is RSV-specific monoclonal antibody prophylaxis, and the outcome being measured is recurrent wheeze and/or asthma. Studies will be screened according to inclusion/exclusion criteria, to include primary studies of any study design type. Eligible studies will then be evaluated for quality and assessed for bias independently by three reviewers using the ‘Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation’ (GRADE) approach. The results of the studies will be extracted into 2 × 2 outcome tables, and a meta-analysis will be carried out to produce forest plots based on relative risk. Heterogeneity will be assessed using the I2 statistic. The statistical software we will use is StatsDirect.

Discussion
This review will aid in determining if the relationship between RSV and asthma development is a causal one, by showing the effect (if any) of RSV prophylaxis on subsequent recurrent wheeze/asthma. If this study shows RSV prophylaxis to have no effect on the outcome of recurrent wheeze/asthma, the question of causality remains.
The bifurcation analysis and optimal feedback mechanism for an SIS epidemic model on networks
Authors: Chen Lijuan , Huang Shouying , Chen Fengde , Fu Mingjian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIt is well known that the feedback mechanism or the individual’s intuitive response to the epidemic can have a vital effect on the disease’s spreading. In this paper, we investigate the bifurcation behavior and the optimal feedback mechanism for an SIS epidemic model on heterogeneous networks. Firstly, we present the bifurcation analysis when the basic reproduction number is equal to unity. The direction of bifurcation is also determined. Secondly, different from the constant coefficient in the existing literature, we incorporate a time-varying feedback mechanism coefficient. This is more reasonable since the initiative response of people is constantly changing during different process of disease prevalence. We analyze the optimal feedback mechanism for the SIS epidemic network model by applying the optimal control theory. The existence and uniqueness of the optimal control strategy are obtained. Finally, a numerical example is presented to verify the efficiency of the obtained results. How the topology of the network affects the optimal feedback mechanism is also discussed.
A toolkit with nine district types to support municipalities in taking an integrated approach to prevention
Authors: Storm Ilse , Post Nikkie , Verweij Antonia , Leenaars Karlijn 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundNot only do people differ in their health, so do districts within municipalities. For example, city centres have different characteristics and health issues than villages or post-war neighbourhoods. This is why the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment has developed a toolkit, ‘Prevention in the district’, based on nine different types of district.MethodsThe aim of the toolkit is to help municipalities implement an integrated approach to prevention by providing tailored, practical information. We therefore looked at the best way to improve the connection between the available knowledge and local needs. Based on data analysis, expert opinion and working sessions with professionals and local policymakers, we developed a toolkit with three related tools.ResultsThe following tools were developed: 1) nine district types with their prominent characteristics and 14 themes for prevention (ranging from loneliness to overweight); 2) a data guide containing a set of indicators to assess the district health profile; 3) a prevention guide containing a mix of evidence-based interventions for the 14 themes. The tools are presented in a toolkit (a clickable PDF) to emphasise the fact that they form a coherent whole. The link between data and interventions is considered to be particularly innovative.ConclusionThe three tools support the improvement of the health and well-being of residents in a district. The first indications are that the toolkit empowers municipalities and lets them work towards an integrated approach. An integrated approach in both district health profiles and district plans could also serve as an example for other countries.
Simultaneous exposure to vinylcyclohexene and methylmercury in Drosophila melanogaster: biochemical and molecular analyses
Authors: Piccoli Bruna Candia , Segatto Ana Lúcia Anversa , Oliveira Cláudia Sirlene , D’Avila da Silva Fernanda , Aschner Michael , da Rocha João Batista Teixeira 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundExposure to vinylcyclohexene (VCH) and methylmercury (MeHg+) can induce oxidative stress and gene modulation. Several studies have been evaluating the effects of VCH and MeHg+, but little is known about interactive effects between them. This work aimed to assess the exposure and co-exposure effects of MeHg+and VCH on oxidative stress and gene modulation inDrosophila melanogaster.MethodsReactive species production, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities were evaluated after exposure and co-exposure to VCH (1 mM) and MeHg+ (0.2 mM) for one or three days in the head and body (thorax and abdomen) of flies. The expression of genes related to redox state and inflammatory response was evaluated after exposure and co-exposure to VCH and MeHg+ for three days.ResultsSurvival decreased only in flies co-exposed to VCH and MeHg+for three days. All treatments increased total reactive species production after one day of exposure. However, no significant changes were observed in the head after three days of exposure. One day of exposure to VCH caused an increase in the head GST activity, whereas MeHg+induced an increase after three days of exposure. Regarding the body, all treatments increased GST activity after one day of exposure, but only the flies exposed to MeHg+presented an increase in GST activity after three days of exposure. Treatments did not alter AChE activity in the head. As for gene expression, there was a significant increase in the Relish transcription factor gene in the flies’ body, but Nrf2, Keap1, Jafrac1, TrxR1, and NF-κβ were not altered.ConclusionThe results suggest that exposure to VCH and MeHg+induce oxidative stress and activation of an inflammatory response in fruit flies.
Novel coumarins active against Trypanosoma cruzi and toxicity assessment using the animal model Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Soares Fabiana Gomes Nascimento , Göethel Gabriela , Kagami Luciano Porto , das Neves Gustavo Machado , Sauer Elisa , Birriel Estefania , Varela Javier , Gonçalves Itamar Luís , Von Poser Gilsane , González Mercedes , Kawano Daniel Fábio , Paula Fávero Reisdorfer , de Melo Eduardo Borges , Garcia Solange Cristina , Cerecetto Hugo , Eifler-Lima Vera Lucia 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Chagas disease (CD) is a tropical parasitic disease. Although the number of people infected is very high, the only drugs available to treat CD, nifurtimox (Nfx) and benznidazole, are highly toxic, particularly in the chronic stage of the disease. Coumarins are a large class of compounds that display a wide range of interesting biological properties, such as antiparasitic. Hence, the aim of this work is to find a good antitrypanosomal drug with less toxicity. The use of simple organism models has become increasingly attractive for planning and simplifying efficient drug discovery. Within these models, Caenorhabditis elegans has emerged as a convenient and versatile tool with significant advantages for the toxicological potential identification for new compounds.

Methods
Trypanocidal activity:
Forty-two 4-methylamino-coumarins were assayed against the epimastigote form of Trypanosoma cruzi (Tulahuen 2 strain) by inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50).
Toxicity assays:
Lethal dose 50% (LD50) and Body Area were determined by Caenorhabditis elegans N2 strain (wild type) after acute exposure.
Structure-activity relationship:
A classificatory model was built using 3D descriptors.

Results
Two of these coumarins demonstrated near equipotency to Nifurtimox (IC50 = 5.0 ± 1 μM), with values of: 11 h (LaSOM 266), (IC50 = 6.4 ± 1 μM) and 11 g (LaSOM 231), (IC50 = 8.2 ± 2.3 μM). In C. elegans it was possible to observe that Nfx showed greater toxicity in both the LD50 assay and the evaluation of the development of worms. It is possible to observe that the efficacy between Nfx and the synthesized compounds (11 h and 11 g) are similar. On the other hand, the toxicity of Nfx is approximately three times higher than that of the compounds. Results from the QSAR-3D study indicate that the volume and hydrophobicity of the substituents have a significant impact on the trypanocidal activities for derivatives that cause more than 50% of inhibition. These results show that the C. elegans model is efficient for screening potentially toxic compounds.

Conclusion
Two coumarins (11 h and 11 g) showed activity against T. cruzi epimastigote similar to Nifurtimox, however with lower toxicity in both LD50 and development of C. elegans assays. These two compounds may be a feasible starting point for the development of new trypanocidal drugs.
Genetic interactions between Protein Kinase D and Lobe mutants during eye development of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Maier Dieter , Nagel Anja C. , Preiss Anette 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundInDrosophila,the development of the fly eye involves the activity of several, interconnected pathways that first define the presumptive eye field within the eye anlagen, followed by establishment of the dorso-ventral boundary, and the regulation of growth and apoptosis. InLobe (L)mutant flies, parts of the eye or even the complete eye are absent because the eye field has not been properly defined. Manifold genetic interactions indicate thatLinfluences the activity of several signalling pathways, resulting in a conversion of eye tissue into epidermis, and in the induction of apoptosis. As information on the molecular nature of theLmutation is lacking, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still an enigma.ResultsWe have identified Protein Kinase D (PKD) as a strong modifier of theLmutant phenotype. PKD belongs to the PKC/CAMK class of Ser/Thr kinases that have been involved in diverse cellular processes including stress resistance and growth. Despite the many roles of PKD,Drosophila PKDnull mutants are without apparent phenotype apart from sensitivity to oxidative stress. Here we report an involvement ofPKDin eye development in the sensitized genetic background ofLobe. Absence ofPKDstrongly enhanced the dominant eye defects of heterozygousL2flies, and decreased their viability. Moreover, eye-specific overexpression of an activated isoform of PKD considerably ameliorated the dominantL2phenotype. This genetic interaction was not allele specific but similarly seen with three additional, weakerLalleles (L1, L5, LG), demonstrating its specificity.ConclusionsWe propose that PKD-mediated phosphorylation is involved in underlying processes causing theLphenotype, i.e. in the regulation of growth, the epidermal transformation of eye tissue and apoptosis, respectively.
Finite element analysis comparing WaveOne Gold and ProTaper Next endodontic file segments subjected to bending and torsional load
Authors: Ismail Amira Galal , Zaazou Mohamed Hussein Abdelfattah , Galal Manar , Kamel Nada Omar Mostafa , Nassar Mohamed Abdulla 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
The objective of this study was to assess the bending and torsional properties of two nickel-titanium endodontic files with equivalent sizes and various designs and alloys using finite element analysis, ProTaper Next®X2 (PTN) size 25 with 0.06 taper and WaveOne Gold® (WOG) primary size 25 with 0.07 taper.

Methodology
Two-dimensional models of the two files PTN and WOG were created using computer tomography scanning and stereomicroscope to produce a three-dimensional digital model. Instrument behavior under bending or torsional conditions was numerically analyzed in SolidWorks software package.

Result
ProTaper Next® revealed higher flexibility than WaveOne Gold® when exposed to cantilever bending but showed higher stress accumulation than WOG. In terms of torsional resistance, PTN also revealed higher torsional resistance than WOG.

Conclusion
The geometry of the instrument, thermomechanical treatment of the alloy, and its composition affect the mechanical behavior (bending and torsion) of nickel titanium rotary files. Hence, being aware of these behavioral differences, each clinician will be able to use the adequate file according to the clinical situation in addition to the manufacturer’s instructions.
In vitro free radical scavenging and antidiabetic activity of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts: a comparative evaluation of Argyreia pierreana and Matelea denticulata
Authors: Gudise Venkataiah , Chowdhury Bimalendu , Manjappa Arehalli S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundOxidation is believed to play a vital role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus by lipid peroxidation; DNA and protein damage leads to the development of vascular complications like coronary heart disease, stroke, neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy. The herbal preparations are complementary and alternative medicines to allopathic drugs which are believed to cause adverse events. Therefore, the current study was aimed to identify the novel plants, which belong to the generaArgyreia(Argyreia pierreana(AP)) andMatelea(Matelea denticulata(MD)), and assess the aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts for in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic potential by DPPH, OH•, superoxide, and glucose uptake and gene expression (GLUT-4 and PPARγ) studies using the L-6 cell line respectively.ResultsThe preliminary scrutiny revealed the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, tannins, alkaloids, and glycosides. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of ethanolic extracts were found higher than those of aqueous extracts. The ethanolic extracts exhibited the superior antioxidant capacity when compared with aqueous extracts. However, the ethanolic extract of MD was shown superlative glucose uptake activity (72.54%) over control (0.037%) and GLUT-4 and PPARγ gene expressions (1.17 and 1.20) in term of folds respectively over cell control (1.00).ConclusionThe ethanolic leaf extracts of both plants showed significant in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities compare to aqueous extracts. TheMatelea denticulataethanolic leaf extract exhibited superior activity. This superior activity might be due to their higher phenolic and flavonoid content. However, further approaches are needed to define these activities.
The Power of Fan
Authors: Richey Jeffrey 
Published: December 2019

The latest Star Wars film, The Last Jedi (2017), unflinchingly embraces tragedy and the nobility of failure – themes and values that resonate with traditional East Asian thought, especially Daoism. This is what makes it, along with The Empire Strikes Back (1980) and Rogue One: A Star Wars Story (2016), among the most spiritually mature and philosophically consistent chapters of the series. These films celebrate the (not unlimited) power of the feminine, the hidden, the receptive, and the organic — in a word, what traditional East Asian thought names as y?n ? — in ways that help the warmed-over cafeteria Zen Buddhism/Daoism that is George Lucas’ Jedi mumbo-jumbo to actually hold together and work to provide a meaningful worldview. If these movies work as art — as opposed to fun action fantasy or fanboy service — then they do so as y?n tragedies. If their protagonists function as authentic heroes – as opposed to adolescent wish-fulfillment or mere signifiers of hegemonic power – then they do so with y?n nobility. That is, they acknowledge and embrace the realities of weakness, obscurity, vulnerability, and fragility in order to discover and develop the virtues of adaptability, resilience, transformation, and growth. The Daoist concept of f?n ? – which combines the meanings of “reversal,” “rebellion,” and “return” – not only helps explain the power of the best Star Wars films, but also explains why some audience members have reacted so negatively and violently to the evolving saga.
Design of an InP/ZnO core–shell nanocone array solar cell with efficient broadband light absorption enhancement
Authors: Zhang Zongyi , Wu Yonggang , Qin Xuefei , Xia Zihuan , Zhou Jian 
Published: December 2019

We design a standing semiconductor-dielectric core–shell nanocone array
(CSNCA) that can not only concentrate the incident light into the
structure, but also confine most of the concentrated light to the
semiconductor (indium phosphide) core region, which remarkably
enhances the light absorption of the more material-saving
semiconductor core. We find guided resonance features along the radial
and FP-resonant features along the axial direction by analyzing the
electric field patterns at the absorption spectrum peaks. The CSNCA
can support multiple higher-order HE modes, in comparison to the bare
nanocone array (BNCA). Results based on detailed balance analysis
demonstrate that the core–shell design gives rise to higher
short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage, and thus higher power
conversion efficiency. Detailed research is focused on the 1 µm high
CSNCAs, and a remarkable power conversion efficiency enhancement
(42.2%) is gained compared with the BNCAs.
Riffing the Canon: The Pictures Generation and Racial Bias
Authors: Symko Riva 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article considers exhibitions as archival documents, and conceives of the restaging of exhibitions as an act of appropriating the archive. It examines The Pictures Generation 1974–1984 (2009), curated by Douglas Eklund as a restaged 'riff' on Pictures (1977), curated by Douglas Crimp. Pictures was a focused meditation on the historical significance of a particular aesthetic strategy. The Pictures Generation historicized Pictures as the foundational moment of appropriation. Eklund's form of restaging, however, reinforced the racially segregated realities that have marginalized the history of appropriative practices by artists of colour. Drawing on a post+colonial framework, I consider how exhibition restagings may be leveraged as a curatorial strategy of historical rupture.
Photocatalytic activity of NiFe2O4 and Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 modified by Eu(III) and Tb(III) for decomposition of Malachite Green
Authors: Tsvetkov M. P. , Ivanova I. R. , Valcheva E. P. , Zaharieva J. Ts. , Milanova M. M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe mixed metal oxides NiFe2O4 and Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 with a spinel-like structure, pure and modified with the lanthanide ions Eu(III) and Tb(III), were prepared by a sol-gel process in which propylene oxide was used as a gelling agent and then tested as photocatalysts. The photocatalytic activity was studied under polychromic visible light irradiation (halogen lamp) for the decomposition of the water pollutant Malachite Green in model solutions which were prepared under laboratory conditions. The modified samples showed a better activity under visible light irradiation than the pure samples. The highest activity under visible light irradiation was observed for Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 that was modified with 5 wt. % Eu(III) or Tb(III), and which showed the positive effects of the doping ions. Based on the cartographic data for the smooth and equal distribution of Tb(III) on the surface of Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 particles, the surface processes may have influenced the photocatalytic activity. The energy band gap of the samples was calculated, showing somewhat lower values for the doped samples than the pure ferrites.
Entkräftung und Widerruf
Authors: McMyler Benjamin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A speaker’s retraction of her own previous testimony serves to defeat the reason for belief provided by her testimony in a distinctive way. In telling an addressee that p, the speaker purports to settle for the addressee the question whether p. In retracting her testimony, the speaker then revokes her settling of this question for the addressee, cancelling the addressee’s entitlement to pass the epistemic buck back to her should the content of her belief be challenged, and this entitlement is cancelled even if the addressee has good reason to believe that the speaker’s retraction is misguided or mistaken. Deferentially believing a speaker and allowing them to settle a theoretical question thus has a distinctive temporal and interpersonal character, requiring the addressee to assume that both she herself and the speaker will continue to do their part in the joint activity that is the addressee’s holding p true.
Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) and laser VEL: a review
Authors: Elia David , Gambacciani Marco , Berreni Nicolas , Bohbot Jean Marc , Druckmann René , Geoffrion Hugues , Haab François , Heiss Niko , Rygaloff Nicolas , Russo Eleonora 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this publication is to summarize the results of the vaginal erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) Smooth® laser (VEL) on the vaginal atrophy component of the genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM). GSM has two categories of clinical signs related to estrogen deficiency: symptoms of vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) and urinary symptoms. This symptomatology is chronic, progressive over the years and affects a majority of women concerned by natural menopause but not exclusively: we must also consider the growing number of survivors of gynecological or non-gynecological cancers (breast, cervix, uterus, vagina, anus, etc.). At a time when hormonal treatment of menopause is contested as is the installation of under urethra prosthesis, the innovation provided by the VEL technology has the merit of offering the women concerned an effective therapeutic alternative with the security of a patent. The VEL technology has an original and unique process: acting only by thermal effect and not by ablation on tissue, VEL is a safe solution in terms of side effects and potential complications. Studies have been increasing since 2012 and all demonstrate a significant improvement in the GSM signs and symptoms, as well as an improved sexual life after VEL treatment. Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized studies are expected in order to ultimately confirm the safety and effectiveness of VEL.