bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Static structural and thermal analysis of disc brake pad model
Authors: Chouhan Yashvardhan singh , Tiwari Sudhir 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper attempts to present a study of the automotive disk brake’s thermo-mechanical behaviour during the braking period using the Static Structural and Transient Thermal analysis for vehicle disk brake pad system using finite elemental analysis. In this work Thermal and static analysis was performed on solid and ventilated disc for two configurations of pads using ANSYS 15. Two pad Profiles with pure and single slot along with both discs have been studied. The analysis is conducted on the model that lacks thermal properties first. It is predicted for structural performance such as deformation and von-mises stress. After that, with the introduction of heat flux, convection and adiabetic components, thermo-mechanical analysis is performed on the same model. The estimate results of temperature distribution, total deformation and von-mises stress are presented. The software tools CATIA and ANSYS Workbench have been selected for modelling and analysis. CATIA is a widely used 3D modelling technology in the design process. ANSYS is a software package for general purpose finite element analysis (FEA). The outcome of this investigation assists brake engineers in choosing appropriate research to determine the disk brake assembly in structural and contact behaviour.
Study and analysis of WO-CO Turning Tool Using Finite Element Method
Authors: Dhengre Nishant , Pradhan M. K. , Katarne Rajnish 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Machining is the most vital operation, widely used in the manufacturing industry to remove materials and to achieve the desired geometry. As with most engineering problems we want to get the uppermost return, with the least investment. In this case we want to minimize costs, while increasing cutting speeds. But the major challenge faced is about understanding the mechanics of machining and significant influence of tool geometry, cutting velocity, depth and feed for cut that can be iterated to bring the best in the process. In this study, emphasizes will be made on range of speed causing stress on turning tool during metal cutting. A model has been developed using ANSYS software that can help in understanding the machining process. A different approach is proposed which will lead to the minimization of the damage to work material as well as tool material and to increase the profit or minimizing manufacturing cost per unit. In cutting operation, the region near the tool tip is the most important region and conditions at the tool tip is examined with precision so that improvements in tool performance can be achieved.
In the present work, study of tool wear caused by the change in cutting depth, feeding rate and speed of cutting of single point cutting tool for a turning operation to predict the tool life in orthogonal cutting using Finite Element Method (FEM) is carried out. A simulation model was developed using ANSYS software in order to estimate the magnitude of the von-misses and residual stresses evolved during the machining process.
The result shows the influence of depth during cut in the machining and influence of induced stresses on carbide tool. The result obtained have been verified by the available results from the literature for the variation of x-y stress, von-misses stress with the temperature, on carbide tool and was found to be in good agreement.
A review on straightening of bars and application of probabilistic approach on Moment-curvature relationship
Authors: Roy Sanjib , Pal Arun Kiran , Rawal Shannay 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Bar straightening is a significant process in the value stream of bar manufacturing processes. Any improvement in the process has a substantial impact on quality and productivity as a whole. This paper presents the outline of the fundamentals of the straightening process from a material science perspective and discusses the state of art in terms of process analysis and development. It has been inferred that the major aspect of the process is to understand the moment-curvature relationship in bars subjected to re-rolling. The process is governed by several parameters such as bar speed, the angle between osculating plane and loading plane, bar size or radius of bar, applied reverse bending moment, initial and final curvature, etc. It has also been observed that the research in this domain has seldom applied a statistical approach to enhance process capability. A brief account of the potential use of statistical process control has been presented. Use of statistics shall enable a better understanding of various process parameters. This, in turn, will help in deciding whether the process is in control and therein to assist in deciding the acceptance or rejection of lot.
Left ventricular myocardial deformation pattern, mechanical dispersion, and their relation with electrocardiogram markers in the large population-based STANISLAS cohort: insights into electromechanical coupling
Authors: Verdugo-Marchese Mario , Coiro Stefano , Selton-Suty Christine , Kobayashi Masatake , Bozec Erwan , Lamiral Zohra , Venner Clément , Zannad Faiez , Rossignol Patrick , Girerd Nicolas , Huttin Olivier 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Aims
Mechanical alterations in patients with electrical conduction abnormalities are reported to have prognostic value in patients with left ventricular asynchrony or long QT syndrome beyond electrocardiogram (ECG) variables. Whether conduction and repolarization patterns derived from ECG are associated with speckle tracking echocardiography parameters in subjects without overt cardiac disease is yet to be investigated. To report ranges of longitudinal deformation according to conduction and repolarization values in a population-based cohort.

Methods and results
One thousand, one hundred, and forty subjects (48.6 ± 14.0 years, 47.7% men) enrolled in the fourth visit of the STANISLAS cohort (Lorraine, France) were studied. Echocardiography strain was performed in all subjects. RR, PR, QRS, and QT intervals were retrieved from digitalized 12-lead ECG. Echocardiographic data were stratified according to quartiles of QRS and QTc duration values. Full-wall global longitudinal strain (GLS) was −21.1 ± 2.5% with a mechanical dispersion (MD) value of 34 ± 12 ms. Absolute GLS value was lower in the longest QRS quartile and shortest QTc quartile (both P &lt; 0.001). Time-to-peak of strain was not significantly different according to QRS duration although significantly higher in patients with higher QTc (P &lt; 0.001). MD was significantly greater in patients with longer QTc (32 ± 12 ms for QTc &lt; 396 ms vs. 36 ± 12 ms for QTc &gt; 421 ms; P = 0.002).

Conclusion
Longer QTc is related to increased MD and better longitudinal strain values. In a population-based setting, QRS is not associated with MD, suggesting that echocardiography-based dyssynchrony does not largely overlap with ECG-based dyssynchrony.
Upper airway volumetric changes of obstructive sleep apnoea patients treated with oral appliances: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dontsos Vasileios K , Chatzigianni Athina , Papadopoulos Moschos A , Nena Evangelia , Steiropoulos Paschalis 
Published: May 2020

Summary

Background
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common sleep-related breathing disorder, attributed to the collapse of the pharyngeal walls and the subsequent complete or partial upper airway obstruction. Among different treatment options for OSA, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure, and oral appliances (OAs) have been used, with various outcomes and side effects.

Objective
The aim of this study was to summarize current knowledge in an evidence-based manner regarding the upper airway volume increase of OSA patients while treated with OAs.

Search methods
Electronic search was conducted in Pubmed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus, up to May 2020.

Selection criteria
Studies were selected after the application of predetermined eligibility criteria.

Data collection and analysis
Mean airway volume differences and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated, using the random effects model. Sensitivity, exploratory, and meta-regression analyses were also implemented.

Results
Eleven studies filled the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review, while 10 of them were suitable for meta-analysis. In total, 291 patients were included, with mean upper airway volume increase of 1.95 cm3 (95% CI, 1.37–2.53; P &lt; 0.001) with Mandibular Advancement Devices in place. In all studies, post-treatment Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) was either &lt;10 events/hour or was reduced by more than 50% from baseline levels. A greater increase of the velopharynx volume was observed, regarding airway compartments.

Conclusions
Treatment with OAs in OSA may lead to a significant increase of the upper airway volume with a subsequent decrease of AHI. The velopharynx seems to be affected the most from OA therapy.
Completing the Banking Union with a European deposit insurance scheme: who is afraid of cross-subsidization?
Authors: Carmassi Jacopo , Dobkowitz Sonja , Evrard Johanne , Parisi Laura , Silva André F , Wedow Michael 
Published: May 2020

SUMMARY
This paper investigates the impact and appropriateness of establishing a fully mutualized European deposit insurance scheme (EDIS) using a unique supervisory micro-level data set on euro area banks’ covered deposits and their other liabilities. We find that an ex-ante funded deposit insurance fund (DIF) with a target size of 0.8% of euro area covered deposits would be sufficient to cover losses even in a severe banking crisis. We then derive risk-based contributions to the DIF based on the different bank- and country-specific factors, showing that they can take into account the relative riskiness of banks and banking systems to tackle moral hazard. We also find that smaller and larger banks would not excessively contribute to EDIS relative to the amount of covered deposits in their balance sheet. Finally, we show that there would be no unwarranted systematic cross-subsidization within EDIS in the sense of some banking systems systematically contributing less than they would benefit from the DIF.
Komagataella phaffii YPS1-5 encodes the alpha-factor degrading protease Bar1
Authors: Heistinger Lina , Gasser Brigitte , Mattanovich Diethard 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Yeast mating pheromones are small secreted peptides required for efficient mating between cells of opposite mating type. Pheromone gradients allow the cells to detect potential mating partners. Secreted pheromone degrading proteases steepen local gradients and allow fast recovery from the pheromone signal. The methylotrophic yeast Komagataella phaffii is a preferentially haploid species. Only under nitrogen starvation, mating genes are activated and the cells are able to undergo a full sexual cycle of mating and sporulation. It has been shown that, similar to other yeasts, K. phaffii requires the mating pheromone and pheromone surface receptor genes for efficient mating. The analysis of so far uncharacterized mating-type-specific genes allowed us to identify the K. phaffii α-factor protease gene YPS1–5. It encodes an aspartic protease of the yapsin family and is upregulated only in a-type cells under mating conditions. The phenotype of K. phaffiia-type strains with a deletion in the protease gene was found to be highly similar to the phenotype of Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-factor protease BAR1 deletion strains. They are highly sensitive to α-factor pheromone in pheromone sensitivity assays and were found to mate with reduced efficiency. Based on our results, we propose to rename the gene into K. phaffii BAR1.
The Lives of Merchant Capital: The Frères Monneron and the Legacy of Old Regime Empire
Authors: Cussen Oliver 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This article scrutinizes the nineteenth-century legacy of the old regime’s commercial empire through the ambiguous case of the Monneron brothers. Having gained fortune and recognition in Indian Ocean trade, the brothers sat as deputies in the National Assembly, but by the end of the 1790s their affairs and reputations had been destroyed. Their experiences reveal how the politics of commerce fundamentally changed during the Revolution. But the Monnerons also draw our attention to structural developments in French commercial imperialism that preceded and transcended the Revolution. They helped facilitate French investment in the Indian Ocean in the final decades of the old regime, a ‘spatial fix’ in merchant capital that was carried out in anticipation of crisis in the Atlantic, and that was consolidated around the turn of the century through the introduction of sugar cultivation in the Mascarene islands. By reading the biographies of the Monnerons alongside the life of their capital, this article attempts to acknowledge the undeniable ruptures of revolutionary politics without losing sight of broader developments in the global history of capitalism.
Application of hierarchical clustering to identify high risk pests to Sitka spruce: Ireland as a case study
Authors: Duffy Catriona , Tuffen Melanie G , Fealy Rowan , Griffin Christine T 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Invertebrate forest pests and pathogens can cause considerable economic losses and modern patterns of trade have facilitated the international movement of pest species on an unprecedented level. This upsurge in trade has increased the pathways available to high risk species, facilitating entry and potential establishment in nations where they were previously absent. To support policy and pest prioritization, pest risk analyses are conducted to decide ‘if’ and ‘how’ pests should be regulated in order to prevent entry or establishment; however, they cannot be carried out for every potential pest. This paper utilizes a hierarchical clustering (HC) approach to analyse distribution data for pests of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) in order to identify species of high risk to Ireland, as well as potential source regions of these pests. The presence and absence of almost a 1000 pests across 386 regions globally are clustered based on their similarity of pest assemblages, to provide an objective examination of the highest risk pests to Irish forestry. Regional clusters were produced for each taxon analysed including the Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Nematoda, Lepidoptera and the Fungi. The results produced by the HC analysis were interpreted with regard to biological realism and climate. Biologically meaningful clusters were produced for each of the groups, except for the Diptera and Nematoda, and each of the species analysed were ranked within their group by a quantitative risk index specific to the island of Ireland. The impact of uncertainty in the distribution data is also examined, in order to assess its influence over the final groupings produced. The outputs from this analysis suggest that the highest risk pests for Ireland’s Sitka spruce plantations will originate from within Europe. Ultimately, Ireland could benefit from seeking regulation for some of the higher ranking pests identified in this analysis. This analysis provides the first of its type for Sitka spruce, as well as its application in Ireland. It also serves to highlight the potential utility of HC as a ‘first approach’ to assessing the risk posed by alien species to hitherto novel regions.
A Scoping Review of the Conceptual Differentiation of Technology for Healthy Aging
Authors: Kim Hansuk , Kelly Sarah , Lafortune Louise , Brayne Carol 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
With the emergence of healthy aging as a key societal issue in recent decades, technology has often been proposed as a solution to the challenges faced by aging societies. From a public health perspective, however, aging-related technologies have been inconsistently conceptualized and ill-defined. By examining how relevant concepts in “technology for aging” have been developed to date, we hope to identify gaps and begin clarifying the topic.

Research Design and Methods
We conducted a scoping review according to PRISMA-ScR, drawing on PubMed and Embase. We selected articles that directly reported concepts of technology for aging, or from which such concepts could be inferred.

Results
We identified 43 articles, most of which were narrative reviews (n = 31). Concepts of technology for aging were presented in diverse ways with some overlap. Most studies provided some terminology (n = 36), but with little conceptual uniformity. Conceptual discourse was often focused on the aging agenda; while technological aspects were poorly defined. A conceptual framework from a public health perspective was derived from 8 articles—it showed that technology strategies do not take a population approach.

Discussion and Implications
While the potential of “technology for aging” is vast, its real capacity to deliver a desirable life for older people remains underdeveloped. Clearer concepts and realistic goals at population level are lacking. Efficient investment must be made throughout the social system, and technology needs to be integrated via macro-level practices.
MaRe: Processing Big Data with application containers on Apache Spark
Authors: Capuccini Marco , Dahlö Martin , Toor Salman , Spjuth Ola 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Life science is increasingly driven by Big Data analytics, and the MapReduce programming model has been proven successful for data-intensive analyses. However, current MapReduce frameworks offer poor support for reusing existing processing tools in bioinformatics pipelines. Furthermore, these frameworks do not have native support for application containers, which are becoming popular in scientific data processing.

Results
Here we present MaRe, an open source programming library that introduces support for Docker containers in Apache Spark. Apache Spark and Docker are the MapReduce framework and container engine that have collected the largest open source community; thus, MaRe provides interoperability with the cutting-edge software ecosystem. We demonstrate MaRe on 2 data-intensive applications in life science, showing ease of use and scalability.

Conclusions
MaRe enables scalable data-intensive processing in life science with Apache Spark and application containers. When compared with current best practices, which involve the use of workflow systems, MaRe has the advantage of providing data locality, ingestion from heterogeneous storage systems, and interactive processing. MaRe is generally applicable and available as open source software.
Lowe syndrome patient cells display mTOR- and RhoGTPase-dependent phenotypes alleviated by rapamycin and statins
Authors: Madhivanan Kayalvizhi , Ramadesikan Swetha , Hsieh Wen-Chieh , Aguilar Mariana C , Hanna Claudia B , Bacallao Robert L , Aguilar R Claudio 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Lowe syndrome (LS) is an X-linked developmental disease characterized by cognitive deficiencies, bilateral congenital cataracts and renal dysfunction. Unfortunately, this disease leads to the early death of affected children often due to kidney failure. Although this condition was first described in the early 1950s and the affected gene (OCRL1) was identified in the early 1990s, its pathophysiological mechanism is not fully understood and there is no LS-specific cure available to patients. Here we report two important signaling pathways affected in LS patient cells. While RhoGTPase signaling abnormalities led to adhesion and spreading defects as compared to normal controls, PI3K/mTOR hyperactivation interfered with primary cilia assembly (scenario also observed in other ciliopathies with compromised kidney function). Importantly, we identified two FDA-approved drugs able to ameliorate these phenotypes. Specifically, statins mitigated adhesion and spreading abnormalities while rapamycin facilitated ciliogenesis in LS patient cells. However, no single drug was able to alleviate both phenotypes. Based on these and other observations, we speculate that Ocrl1 has dual, independent functions supporting proper RhoGTPase and PI3K/mTOR signaling. Therefore, this study suggest that Ocrl1-deficiency leads to signaling defects likely to require combinatorial drug treatment to suppress patient phenotypes and symptoms.
Aorto-carotid bypass for type A acute aortic dissection complicated with carotid artery occlusion: no touch until circulatory arrest
Authors: Sasaki Hideki , Harada Takashi , Ishitoya Hiroshi , Sasaki Osamu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The surgical management for type A acute aortic dissection complicated with carotid artery occlusion remains controversial. Between December 2012 and June 2017, 127 patients who presented with type A acute aortic dissection were operated on in our hospital. Of this group, nine (7.08%) patients had cerebral malperfusion due to carotid artery occlusion. The site of occlusion was innominate artery (n = 5) or right carotid artery (n = 4). Preoperative neurological symptoms were left hemiplegia (n = 1), left hemiparesis (n = 3) and seizure (n = 2). Preoperative consciousness level was Japan Coma Scale 2 (n = 6), 20 (n = 2), or 200 (n = 1). The procedure consisted of hemiarch replacement (n = 4) or total arch replacement (n = 5). Aorto-carotid bypass was performed in all patients under hypothermic circulatory arrest. The time from onset of symptoms to operating room was 7.2 ± 2.4 h. Hospital mortality was 0%. Left hemiplegia and left hemiparesis improved significantly. Japan Coma Scale was 0 in all patients at discharge. Overall survival at 24 months after operation was 100%. Aorto-carotid artery bypass for type A acute aortic dissection with carotid artery occlusion is the treatment of choice in these high-risk patients. Our strategy of ‘no touch until circulatory arrest’ may contribute to neurological improvement.
The Trace Field of Hyperbolic Gluings
Authors: Mila Olivier 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe determine the adjoint trace field of gluings of general hyperbolic manifolds. This provides a new method to prove the nonarithmeticity of gluings, which can be applied to the classical construction of Gromov and Piatetski-Shapiro (and generalizations) as well as certain gluings of pieces of commensurable arithmetic manifolds. As an application, we give many new examples of nonarithmetic gluings and prove that the unique nonarithmetic Coxeter 5-simplex is not commensurable to any gluing of arithmetic pieces.