bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced surface treatment techniques counteract biofilm-associated infections on dental implants
Authors: Koopaie Maryam , Bordbar-Khiabani Aidin , Kolahdooz Sajad , Darbandsari Ali Kia , Mozafari Masoud 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Topography and surface chemistry can significantly affect biofilm formation on dental implants. Recently, the γ-TiAl alloy was considered as the most reliable candidates for the preparation of dental implants because of its excellent mechanical strength, chemical stability and biocompatibility. The emphasis of this study lies in the effects of high-speed milling assisted the minimum quantity of lubrication (HSM-MQL), micro-current wire electrical discharge machining (mWEDM), Er,Cr:YSGG laser and sandblasting/large-grit/acid-etching (SLA) treatments on surface morphology, topography, chemical composition, wettability and biofilm-associated infections on the surface of each group. The surface-treated samples were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), SEM surface reconstruction, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and water contact angle measuring system. SEM and topography images of mWEDM and laser-treated surfaces showed more irregular surfaces compared to SLA and HSM-MQL surfaces. Results showed that mWEDM and laser-treated surfaces revealed hydrophobic behavior. A significant decrease of biofilm formation was observed on mWEDM treated surface due to the hydrophobicity and existence of the copper element in the recast layer chemical composition. Moreover, EDS confirmed that the zirconium, silicon, and fluorine elements were decorated onto the SLA treated γ-TiAl surface that can have a direct effect on the anti-bacterial activity.
Nanoparticles deposition effects on 1050A aluminum alloy anodic layers
Authors: Gaber Gh A , Hussein W A , Ghanem W A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The objective of this research is to investigate the electrochemical features of aluminum alloy owing to the deposition of SiO2 or TiO2 nanoparticles in an anodic aluminum oxide film (AAO) via electrophoretic deposition (EPD). The modified oxide layer shows potential in view of corrosion protection while retaining the adhesion promotion properties. The modified oxide layer with TiO2 nanoparticles was more effective in corrosion prevention.
Distributed and discrete hydrogen monitoring through optical fiber sensors based on optical frequency domain reflectometry
Authors: Rizzolo Serena , Boukenter Aziz , Ouerdane Youcef , Michalon Jean-Yves , Marin Emmanuel , Macé Jean-Reynald , Girard Sylvain 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The potential of discrete and distributed fiber-based sensors exploiting the Rayleigh scattering signature of doped amorphous silica is investigated for the real time monitoring of molecular hydrogen (H2) detection. We showed that the impact of the refractive index changes induced by the H2 diffusion into the silica host matrix can be used to detect and quantify this gas presence through two approaches: first via the related fiber length variation and second through the observed spectral shift. Comparing the obtained results with H2 diffusion calculations, we can estimate the sensor sensitivity thresholds to be ∼1016
n
molecule cm−3 for the distributed measurements (spatial resolution better than 1 mm) and below ∼1019
n
molecule cm−3 for the discrete-one. The presented architecture of the sensor is well adapted to the monitoring of slowly evolving H2 concentrations such as the ones expected in nuclear waste repositories as the time response of the sensor remains limited by the diffusion of the gas within the optical fiber. These threshold values and time responses can be easily improved by optimizing the length, the composition and/or the geometry of the sensing fiber.
Changes in Mean Corpuscular Volume and RBC Distribution Width Predict Erythrocyte Engraftment Following ABO-Incompatible Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Sanford Kimberly , Case Natalie , Blake Benjamin , Michaud Tabitha , McPherson Richard A , Roseff Susan D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to identify laboratory parameters representing erythrocyte engraftment to be used as an indicator to change the recipient to donor ABO group and Rh type following an ABO-incompatible hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Studies have shown that ABO incompatibility does not have an effect on outcome of HSCT; however, the serologic consequences of these ABO-incompatible transplants can make it difficult to decide when to begin support with donor ABO/Rh-type blood products.

Methods
This study explored the use of RBC distribution width (RDW), mean corpuscular volume, and hemoglobin as regularly tested laboratory parameters that could be used as surrogate markers for RBC engraftment in 65 patients who received ABO/Rh-incompatible HSCT.

Results
The appearance of engrafted donor RBCs correlated with a peak in RDW (P = .002). In addition, our findings suggest that serologic changes in ABO/Rh appear to correspond with a peak in RDW (P = .002).

Conclusions
High values of RDW likely result from a substantial proportion of large, young erythrocytes from recent engraftment with smaller, older pretransplant erythrocytes from the recipient. Our findings suggest that peak RDW may be an indicator of erythrocyte engraftment, following an ABO/Rh-incompatible HSCT.
Occupational Co-exposures to Multiple Chemical Agents from Workplace Measurements by the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Authors: Bosson-Rieutort Delphine , Sarazin Philippe , Bicout Dominique J , Ho Vikki , Lavoué Jérôme 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe occupational environment represents an important source of exposures to multiplehazards for workers’ health. Although it is recognized that mixtures of agents may have differenteffects on health compared to their individual effects, studies generally focus on the assessment ofindividual exposures. Our objective was to identify occupational co-exposures occurring in the United States using the multi-industry occupational exposure databank of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).MethodsUsing OSHA’s Integrated Management Information System (IMIS), measurement data from workplace inspections occurring from 1979 to 2015 were examined. We defined a workplace situation (WS) by grouping measurements that occurred within a company, within the same occupation (i.e. job title) within 1 year. All agents present in each WS were listed and the resulting databank was analyzed with the Spectrosome approach, a methodology inspired by network science, to determine global patterns of co-exposures. The presence of an agent in a WS was defined either as detected, or measured above 20% of a relevant occupational exposure limit (OEL).ResultsAmong the 334 648 detected exposure measurements of 105 distinct agents collected from 14 513 US companies, we identified 125 551 WSs, with 31% involving co-exposure. Fifty-eight agents were detected with others in &gt;50% of WSs, 29 with a proportion &gt;80%. Two clusters were highlighted, one for solvents and one for metals. Toluene, xylene, acetone, hexone, 2-butanone, and N-butyl acetate formed the basis of the solvent cluster. The main agents of the metal cluster were zinc, iron, lead, copper, manganese, nickel, cadmium, and chromium. 68 556 WS were included in the analyses based on levels of exposure above 20% of their OEL, with 12.4% of co-exposure. In this analysis, while the metal cluster remained, only the combinations of toluene with xylene or 2-butanone were frequently observed among solvents. An online web application allows the examination of industry specific patterns.ConclusionsWe identified frequent co-exposure situations in the IMIS databank. Using the spectrome approach, we revealed global combination patterns and the agents most often implicated. Future work should endeavor to explore the toxicological effects of prevalent combinations of exposures on workers’ health to prioritize research and prevention efforts.
CROP: correlation-based reduction of feature multiplicities in untargeted metabolomic data
Authors: Kouřil Štěpán , de Sousa Julie , Václavík Jan , Friedecký David , Adam Tomáš 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Summary
Untargeted liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis produces a large number of features which correspond to the potential compounds in the sample that is analyzed. During the data processing, it is necessary to merge features associated with one compound to prevent multiplicities in the data and possible misidentification. The processing tools that are currently employed use complex algorithms to detect abundances, such as adducts or isotopes. However, most of them are not able to deal with unpredictable adducts and in-source fragments. We introduce a simple open-source R-script CROP based on Pearson pairwise correlations and retention time together with a graphical representation of the correlation network to remove these redundant features.

Availability and implementation
The CROP R-script is available online at www.github.com/rendju/CROP under GNU GPL.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Structural brain networks and functional motor outcome after stroke—a prospective cohort study
Authors: Schlemm Eckhard , Schulz Robert , Bönstrup Marlene , Krawinkel Lutz , Fiehler Jens , Gerloff Christian , Thomalla Götz , Cheng Bastian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe time course of topological reorganization that occurs in the structural connectome after an ischaemic stroke is currently not well understood. We aimed to determine the evolution of structural brain networks in stroke patients with motor deficits and relate changes in their global topology to residual symptom burden and functional impairment. In this prospective cohort study, ischaemic stroke patients with supratentorial infarcts and motor symptoms were assessed longitudinally by advanced diffusion MRI and detailed clinical testing of upper extremity motor function at four time points from the acute to the chronic stage. For each time point, structural connectomes were reconstructed, and whole-hemisphere global network topology was quantified in terms of integration and segregation parameters. Using non-linear joint mixed-effects regression modelling, network evolution was related to lesion volume and clinical outcome. Thirty patients were included for analysis. Graph-theoretical analysis demonstrated that, over time, brain networks became less integrated and more segregated with decreasing global efficiency and increasing modularity. Changes occurred in both stroke and intact hemispheres and, in the latter, were positively associated with lesion volume. Greater change in topology was associated with larger residual symptom burden and greater motor impairment 1, 3 and 12 months after stroke. After ischaemic stroke, brain networks underwent characteristic changes in both ipsi- and contralesional hemispheres. Topological network changes reflect the severity of damage to the structural network and are associated with functional outcome beyond the impact of lesion volume.
The role of B-Cell Lymphoma-3 (BCL-3) in enabling the hallmarks of cancer: implications for the treatment of colorectal carcinogenesis
Authors: Legge Danny N , Chambers Adam C , Parker Christopher T , Timms Penny , Collard Tracey J , Williams Ann C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
With its identification as a proto-oncogene in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and central role in regulating NF-κB signalling, it is perhaps not surprising that there have been an increasing number of studies in recent years investigating the role of BCL-3 (B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia/Lymphoma-3) in a wide range of human cancers. Importantly, this work has begun to shed light on our mechanistic understanding of the function of BCL-3 in tumour promotion and progression. Here, we summarize the current understanding of BCL-3 function in relation to the characteristics or traits associated with tumourigenesis, termed ‘Hallmarks of Cancer’. With the focus on colorectal cancer, a major cause of cancer related mortality in the UK, we describe the evidence that potentially explains why increased BCL-3 expression is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. As well as promoting tumour cell proliferation, survival, invasion and metastasis, a key emerging function of this proto-oncogene is the regulation of the tumour response to inflammation. We suggest that BCL-3 represents an exciting new route for targeting the Hallmarks of Cancer; in particular by limiting the impact of the enabling hallmarks of tumour promoting inflammation and cell plasticity. As BCL-3 has been reported to promote the stem-like potential of cancer cells, we suggest that targeting BCL-3 could increase the tumour response to conventional treatment, reduce the chance of relapse and hence improve the prognosis for cancer patients.
Safety and Efficacy of Starting Antiretroviral Therapy in the First Week of Life
Authors: Maswabi Kenneth , Ajibola Gbolahan , Bennett Kara , Capparelli Edmund V , Jean-Philippe Patrick , Moyo Sikhulile , Mohammed Terence , Batlang Oganne , Sakoi Maureen , Lockman Shahin , Makhema Joseph , Lichterfeld Mathias , Kuritzkes Daniel R , Hughes Michael D , Shapiro Roger L 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Early antiretroviral therapy (ART) is recommended for infants with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, few antiretroviral options are available for neonates.

Methods
The Early Infant Treatment Study in Botswana tested HIV-exposed infants within 96 hours of birth, and HIV-infected infants started nevirapine (NVP) 6 mg/kg twice daily, zidovudine (ZDV), and lamivudine (3TC) at age &lt; 7 days. NVP trough concentrations were tested at 1 and 2 weeks. NVP was switched to ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (LPV/r) at week 2, 3, 4, or 5 according to delivery gestational age.

Results
Forty HIV-infected infants started ART at median age 2 days (range, 1–5 days). NVP trough concentrations were highly variable and below therapeutic target (3000 ng/mL) for 50% of 2-week measurements; concentrations did not correlate with viral decline at weeks 2, 4, or 12. Two deaths unrelated to ART occurred through 24 weeks. Only 1 unscheduled treatment modification was required. Within 4 weeks of transition to LPV/r, 9 (22.5%) had transient HIV RNA increases, likely due to poor LPV/r palatability. At 12 weeks, 22 (55%) of 40 were &lt;40 copies/mL (93% &lt;400 copies/mL); by 24 weeks, 27 of 38 (71%) were &lt; 40 copies/mL (84% &lt; 400 copies/mL). HIV-1 RNA response at 12 and 24 weeks did not differ by baseline HIV RNA or other factors.

Conclusions
NVP/ZDV/3TC started in the first week of life was safe and effective, even when trough NVP levels were below target. Transient viral increases occurred following transition to LPV/r, but by 12 and 24 weeks most children achieved and maintained viral suppression.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT02369406.
More light (and some speculation) on Vanbrugh’s Haymarket Theatre project
Authors: McGeary Thomas 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
John Vanbrugh opened his new theatre in London’s Haymarket in April 1705. In 1976 Judith Milhous located (at the University of Nottingham) a list of subscribers to the project and (at the British Library) the contract between Vanbrugh and the Duke of Newcastle. This article reconsiders those discoveries by Milhous and considers several newly uncovered documents, which shed light on how such opera subscription projects were conducted. Political biographies of the subscribers to the Haymarket Theatre indicate it was primarily a Whig project, but not necessarily a Kit-Cat Club project. The contracts with the subscribers allowed them to use the theatre ten nights a year for their own use for plays or entertainments. It is speculated the Haymarket Theatre may have been intended to serve as a venue for a musical facet of the emerging Whig cultural programme, which is otherwise best known for literary productions.
Factors influencing the use of leadless or transvenous pacemakers: results of the European Heart Rhythm Association Prospective Survey
Authors: Boveda Serge , Marijon Eloi , Lenarczyk Radoslaw , Iliodromitis Konstantinos E , Marin Francisco , Defaye Pascal , Solnon Aude , Dagres Nikolaos , Potpara Tatjana S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
To study the proportion of leadless pacemaker (LL-PM) implants and the factors influencing the choice of LL-PM vs. transvenous pacemaker (TV-PM) across tertiary centres in Europe with routine availability of the LL-PM. A European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) prospective snapshot survey using electronically distributed questionnaire sent to participating centres. Participating tertiary cardiac pacing centres prospectively included consecutive patients implanted between November 2018 and January 2019. Questions covered standards of care and policies used for patient management, focusing particularly on the reasons for choosing LL-PM vs. TV-PM. Overall, 21 centres from four countries (France, Netherlands, Spain, and Italy) participated, with eventual data from 798 patients (n = 472, 59% male). With 69 implants, LL-PM represented only 9% of all implants and 36% of the single-chamber pacing group; double-chamber transvenous pacemakers were implanted in 528 patients and biventricular (cardiac resynchronization pacemaker) in 79. The two major reasons reported in favour of LL-PM implantation were an anticipated high risk of infection or low rate of ventricular pacing. Compared to TV-PM, LL-PM patients were more often male (74% vs. 54%, P = 0.009), with greater proportion of valvular heart disease (45% vs. 35%, P = 0.01) and atrial fibrillation (AF; 65% vs. 23%, P &lt; 0.0001), with significantly more comorbidities (≥ one comorbidity, 66% vs. 52%, P = 0.02). This contemporary multicentre European survey shows that LL-PM constitutes a small proportion of all PM implants. Patients implanted with LL-PM were more likely to have AF and a high anticipated risk of infection.
Small-area methods for investigation of environment and health
Authors: Piel Frédéric B , Fecht Daniela , Hodgson Susan , Blangiardo Marta , Toledano M , Hansell A L , Elliott Paul 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Small-area studies offer a powerful epidemiological approach to study disease patterns at the population level and assess health risks posed by environmental pollutants. They involve a public health investigation on a geographical scale (e.g. neighbourhood) with overlay of health, environmental, demographic and potential confounder data. Recent methodological advances, including Bayesian approaches, combined with fast-growing computational capabilities, permit more informative analyses than previously possible, including the incorporation of data at different scales, from satellites to individual-level survey information. Better data availability has widened the scope and utility of small-area studies, but has also led to greater complexity, including choice of optimal study area size and extent, duration of study periods, range of covariates and confounders to be considered and dealing with uncertainty. The availability of data from large, well-phenotyped cohorts such as UK Biobank enables the use of mixed-level study designs and the triangulation of evidence on environmental risks from small-area and individual-level studies, therefore improving causal inference, including use of linked biomarker and -omics data. As a result, there are now improved opportunities to investigate the impacts of environmental risk factors on human health, particularly for the surveillance and prevention of non-communicable diseases.
Matrix degradation regulates osteoblast protrusion dynamics and individual migration
Authors: Movilla Nieves , Valero Clara , Borau Carlos , García-Aznar Jose Manuel 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Protrusions are one of the structures that cells use to sense their surrounding environment in a probing and exploratory manner as well as to communicate with other cells. In particular, osteoblasts embedded within a 3D matrix tend to originate a large number of protrusions compared to other type of cells. In this work, we study the role that mechanochemical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) play on the dynamics of these protrusions, namely, the regulation of the size and number of emanating structures. In addition, we also determine how the dynamics of the protrusions may lead the 3D movement of the osteoblasts. Significant differences were found in protrusion size and cell velocity, when degradation activity due to metalloproteases was blocked by means of an artificial broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, whereas stiffening of the matrix by introducing transglutaminase crosslinking, only induced slight changes in both protrusion size and cell velocity, suggesting that the ability of cells to create a path through the matrix is more critical than the matrix mechanical properties themselves. To confirm this, we developed a cell migration computational model in 3D including both the mechanical and chemical properties of the ECM as well as the protrusion mechanics, obtaining good agreement with experimental results.
Deficiency of TGR5 exacerbates immune-mediated cholestatic hepatic injury by stabilizing the β-catenin destruction complex
Authors: Rao Jianhua , Yang Chao , Yang Shikun , Lu Hao , Hu Yuanchang , Lu Ling , Cheng Feng , Wang Xuehao 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Intrahepatic cholestasis induced by drug toxicity may cause cholestatic hepatic injury (CHI) leading to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. The G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (TGR5) is a membrane receptor with well-known roles in the regulation of glucose metabolism and energy homeostasis. However, the role and mechanism of TGR5 in the context of inflammation during CHI remains unclear. Wild-type (WT) and TGR5 knockout (TGR5−/−) mice with CHI induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) were involved in vivo, and WT and TGR5−/− bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were used in vitro. TGR5 deficiency significantly exacerbated BDL-induced liver injury, inflammatory responses and hepatic fibrosis compared with WT mice in vivo. TGR5−/− macrophages were more susceptible to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation than WT macrophages. TGR5 activation by its ligand suppressed LPS-induced pro-inflammatory responses in WT but not TGR5−/− BMDMs. Notably, expression of β-catenin was effectively inhibited by TGR5 deficiency. Furthermore, TGR5 directly interacted with Gsk3β to repress the interaction between Gsk3β and β-catenin, thus disrupting the β-catenin destruction complex. The pro-inflammatory nature of TGR5-knockout was almost abolished by lentivirus-mediated β-catenin overexpression in BMDMs. BMDM migration in vitro was accelerated under TGR5-deficient conditions or supernatant from LPS-stimulated TGR5−/− BMDMs. From a therapeutic perspective, TGR5−/− BMDM administration aggravated BDL-induced CHI, which was effectively rescued by β-catenin overexpression. Our findings reveal that TGR5 plays a crucial role as a novel regulator of immune-mediated CHI by destabilizing the β-catenin destruction complex, with therapeutic implications for the management of human CHI.