bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A three-dimensional printing navigational template combined with mixed reality technique for localizing pulmonary nodules
Authors: Fu Rui , Zhang Chao , Zhang Tao , Chu Xiang-Peng , Tang Wen-Fang , Yang Xue-Ning , Huang Mei-Ping , Zhuang Jian , Wu Yi-Long , Zhong Wen-Zhao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Localizing non-palpable pulmonary nodules is challenging for thoracic surgeons. Here, we investigated the accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology combined with mixed reality (MR) for localizing ground glass opacity-dominant pulmonary nodules.

METHODS
In this single-arm study, we prospectively enrolled patients with small pulmonary nodules (&lt;2 cm) that required accurate localization. A 3D-printing physical navigational template was designed based on the reconstruction of computed tomography images, and a 3D model was generated through the MR glasses. We set the deviation distance as the primary end point for efficacy evaluation. Clinicopathological and surgical data were obtained for further analysis.

RESULTS
Sixteen patients with 17 non-palpable pulmonary nodules were enrolled in this study. Sixteen nodules were localized successfully (16/17; 94.1%) using this novel approach with a median deviation of 9 mm. The mean time required for localization was 25 ± 5.2 min. For the nodules in the upper/middle and lower lobes, the median deviation was 6 mm (range, 0–12.0) and 16 mm (range, 15.0–20.0), respectively. The deviation difference between the groups was significant (Z = −2.957, P = 0.003). The pathological evaluation of resection margins was negative.

CONCLUSIONS
The 3D printing navigational template combined with MR can be a feasible approach for localizing pulmonary nodules.
Lamin B receptor-mediated chromatin tethering to the nuclear envelope is detrimental to theXenopusblastula
Authors: Oda Haruka , Kato Satsuki , Ohsumi Keita , Iwabuchi Mari 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, chromatin is tethered to the nuclear envelope (NE), wherein inner nuclear membrane proteins (INMPs) play major roles. However, in Xenopus blastula, chromatin tethering to the NE depends on nuclear filamentous actin that develops in a blastula-specific manner. To investigate whether chromatin tethering operates in the blastula through INMPs, we experimentally introduced INMPs into Xenopus egg extracts that recapitulate nuclear formation in fertilized eggs. When expressed in extracts in which polymerization of actin is inhibited, only lamin B receptor (LBR), among the five INMPs tested, tethered chromatin to the NE, depending on its N2 and N3 domains responsible for chromatin-protein binding. N2–3-deleted LBR did not tether chromatin, although it was localized in the nuclei. We subsequently found that the LBR level was very low in the Xenopus blastula but was elevated after the blastula stage. When the LBR level was precociously elevated in the blastula by injecting LBR mRNA, it induced alterations in nuclear lamina architecture and nuclear morphology and caused DNA damage and abnormal mitotic spindles, depending on the N2–3 domains. These results suggest that LBR-mediated chromatin tethering is circumvented in the Xenopus blastula, as it is detrimental to embryonic development.
Efficacy of Cultured Allogenic Keratinocytes in Treatment of Deep Second-Degree Burn
Authors: Kim Eung Hyun , Lee Soo Hyang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Cultured allogenic keratinocytes, produced as Kaloderm® (Tego Science, Seoul, Korea), are an effective dressing material for burn wounds. Generally, deep second-degree contact, steam, and flame burns tend to progress to third-degree burns. This study reviews the efficacy of cultured allogenic keratinocytes in deep second-degree burn patients. This is a retrospective study of 64 patients treated between November 2013 and April 2019. A half of deep second-degree contact, steam, and flame burn patients were treated with cultured allogenic keratinocytes. The other half were treated with chlorhexidine gauze and antibiotic ointment. The primary outcome was time to wound closure. A secondary outcome was the number of Kaloderm sheets used. Groups were compared based on the type of burn and treatment. In the experimental group, the median times to reepithelization were 10.0 days for the contact burn group, 13.5 days for the flame burn group, and 11.0 days for the steam burn group. Progression to a third-degree burn occurred in only one patient in the experimental group and four patients in the control group. Patients treated with cultured allogenic keratinocytes required a mean time of 11.7 ± 2.4 days for complete closure, whereas the mean time to complete closure in the control group was 16.4 ± 5.3 days. Patients with deep second-degree burns from flame, steam, and contact treated with cultured allogenic keratinocytes reepithelialized faster than those treated with chlorhexidine dressings.
Risk Factors for Mortality and Prolonged Hospitalization in Electric Burn Injuries
Authors: Schweizer Riccardo , Pedrazzi Nadine , Klein Holger J , Gentzsch Tony , Kim Bong-Sung , Giovanoli Pietro , Plock Jan A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Electrical injuries are rare, but very destructive with high morbidity and mortality, prolonged hospital length of stay and need for repeated procedures. The aim of study was to investigate characteristics and management of electrical injuries and predisposing factors for mortality and prolonged length of stay. Patient charts were reviewed retrospectively to identify patients admitted with electrical injuries at the Zurich Burns Center (2005–2019). Patient characteristics, management, and outcome were analyzed and risk factors for mortality and prolonged hospitalization were assessed. Eighty-nine patients were included, mostly males (86.5%), between 21 and 40 years (50.6%), with high-voltage (74.2%) occupational injuries (66.3%). Median intensive care unit and hospital stays were 6 (first and third IQR: 2.0; 30.0) and 18 (9.0; 48.0) days. Low-voltage patients had a median of 2 (1.5; 3.0) procedures, compared to 4 (2.0; 10.8) in high-voltage. The amputation rate was 13.5%, and a total of 46 flaps were required. Fifty-four patients had at least one serious complication. Mortality was 18% in high-voltage patients, mostly after multiple organ failure (35%). High total body surface area (TBSA), renal failure and cardiovascular complications were risk factors for mortality (P &lt; .001) in multivariate regression models. Determinants for prolonged hospital stay were TBSA and sepsis (P &lt; .01), and additionally abdominal complications and limb loss for intensive care unit stay (P &lt; .05). Electrical injuries are still cause of significant morbidity and mortality, mostly involve young men in their earning period. Several risk factors for in-hospital mortality and prolonged stay were identified and can support physicians in the management and decision making in these patients.
Knockdown-Mortality Responses of Six Stored-Product Beetle Species on Different Surfaces Treated With Thiamethoxam, Using a Standardized Lethality Index
Authors: Tsaganou Fotoula K , Vassilakos Thomas N , Athanassiou Christos G 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBioassays were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of thiamethoxam in different surfaces, against six stored-grain insects, Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae), and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae). Six different surfaces (concrete, plywood, galvanized steel, linen, plastic, and ceramic tile) treated with thiamethoxam at 0.05 and 0.1 mg/cm2 were used as substrate for adult exposure. Knockdown was recorded after 1, 3, and 7 d of exposure to the treated surface, in order to calculate a Standardized Lethality Index (SLI). Knockdown counts were ranked from ‘0’ to ‘4’, with ‘0’ representing adult insects ‘moved generally’ and ‘4’ representing dead insects. Based on the results, insect knockdown seems leading to mortality than to recovery and the SLI ranking of the target species according to their susceptibility to thiamethoxam showed that S. granarius being more susceptible and decreasing susceptibility in an order of S. oryzae &gt; T. castaneum ≥ O. surinamenis ≥ C. ferrugineus ≥ T. confusum. In general, among the surfaces, thiamethoxam efficacy was lower on linen, wooden, and concrete surfaces, as compared to metallic and plastic surfaces. Nevertheless, at the end of 7-d exposure, all surfaces equally affected thiamethoxam toxicity.
Modest efficacy of nivolumab plus ipilimumab in patients with papillary renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Tachibana Hidekazu , Kondo Tsunenori , Ishihara Hiroki , Fukuda Hironori , Yoshida Kazuhiko , Takagi Toshio , Izuka Junpei , Kobayashi Hirohito , Tanabe Kazunari 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Purpose
Combined immunotherapy of nivolumab plus ipilimumab for intermediate- and poor-risk metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma showed prolonged progression-free survival and high objective response rate in a randomized phase III clinical trial. However, the efficacy of this treatment for papillary renal cell carcinoma remains unclear. In the present study, we analysed the efficacy of nivolumab plus ipilimumab therapy for papillary renal cell carcinoma compared with that for clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Materials and Methods
This is a retrospective study of 30 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who received nivolumab and ipilimumab as first-line therapy between December 2015 and May 2020. The objective response rate, progression-free survival and toxicity were compared between the two groups (clear cell renal cell carcinoma and papillary renal cell carcinoma).

Results
Out of 30 patients, 7 and 23 were diagnosed with papillary renal cell carcinoma and clear cell renal cell carcinoma, respectively. With a median follow-up of 7.2 months, the median progression-free survival was significantly shorter in papillary renal cell carcinoma than in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (2.4 vs. 28.1 months, P = 0.014). Of the seven patients with papillary renal cell carcinoma, one had partial response, one had stable disease and five had progressive disease, resulting in an objective response rate of 14.2%, which was lower compared to that of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (14.2 vs. 52.1%, P = 0.06). Discontinuation due to toxicity was not observed with papillary renal cell carcinoma, meanwhile 60.8% of patient with clear cell renal cell carcinoma discontinued treatment due to toxicity.

Conclusion
Nivolumab plus ipilimumab had modest efficacy for papillary renal cell carcinoma compared with that for clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab remains an option for a limited number of patients with intermediate- or poor-risk papillary renal cell carcinoma.
Gut Microbiota-targeted Interventions for Reducing the Incidence, Duration, and Severity of Respiratory Tract Infections in Healthy Non-elderly Adults
Authors: Karl J Philip 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Respiratory tract infections (RTI), such as those caused by influenza viruses and, more recently, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, pose a significant burden to military health care systems and force readiness. The gut microbiota influences immune function, is malleable, and may provide a target for interventions aiming to reduce RTI burden. This narrative review summarizes existing evidence regarding the effectiveness of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, all of which are gut microbiota-targeted interventions, for reducing the burden of RTI in military-relevant populations (i.e., healthy non-elderly adults).

Materials and Methods
A systematic search strategy was used to identify recent meta-analyses and systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials conducted in healthy non-elderly adults which examined effects of probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics on the incidence, duration, and/or severity of RTI, or on immune responses to vaccinations against viruses that cause RTI. Relevant randomized controlled clinical trials not included in those reports were also identified.

Results
Meta-analyses and multiple randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that certain probiotic strains may reduce the incidence, duration, and/or severity of RTI and improve immune responses to vaccination against RTI-causing pathogens in various populations including healthy non-elderly adults. Fewer randomized controlled trials have examined the effects of prebiotics or synbiotics on RTI-related outcomes in healthy non-elderly adults. Nevertheless, some studies conducted within that population and other populations have observed that certain prebiotics and synbiotics reduce the incidence, duration, and/or severity of RTI or improve immune responses to vaccinations against RTI-causing viruses. However, across all product classes, not all product formulations have shown benefit, and most have not been tested in multiple randomized controlled trials in military-relevant populations.

Conclusion
Dietary supplementation with certain gut microbiota-targeted interventions, and certain probiotics in particular, may provide viable strategies for reducing RTI-related illness in military personnel. Research in military populations is warranted to fully understand the magnitude of any military health and cost benefits, and to establish definitive recommendations for use.
Effects of Reduced-Nicotine Cigarettes Across Regulatory Environments in the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Kaplan Brent A , Koffarnus Mikhail N , Franck Christopher T , Bickel Warren K 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionCigarette smoking remains the leading preventable cause of death in the United States. Recent efforts have explored the potential health and policy benefits of reducing nicotine, an addictive component, in combustible cigarettes. To date, an experimental, prospective analysis directly comparing the effects of varying regulatory environments on purchases of multiple products has yet to be conducted. The present study compared real purchasing of conventional cigarettes, reduced-nicotine cigarettes, and a variety of other nicotine and tobacco products across a range of regulatory environments.MethodsParticipants were assigned to one of five groups, each associated with a different nicotine level (mg of nicotine to g of tobacco) in SPECTRUM investigational cigarettes (15.8, 5.2, 2.4, 1.3, and 0.4 mg/g). Across sessions, participants made real purchases for nicotine/tobacco products in an Experimental Tobacco Marketplace. Each session corresponded with a distinct regulatory environment wherein different nicotine/tobacco products were available for purchase.ResultsOur results suggest that the primary drivers of cigarette and nicotine purchasing are regulatory environment and the presence/absence of alternative nicotine and tobacco products. Perhaps surprisingly, nicotine level does not appear to be such a driver of purchasing behavior under these experimental conditions. Investigational cigarette purchasing is lowest when other preferred combustible products are available and highest when investigational cigarettes are the only combustible product available for purchase.ConclusionsIf a reduced-nicotine policy is implemented, great care should be taken in determining and making available less-harmful nicotine/tobacco products as the availability of preferred combustible products may result in undesirable levels of purchasing.ImplicationsThis is the first experimental study investigating different potential regulatory effects related to a reduced-nicotine policy by examining purchasing across a range of nicotine/tobacco products. Our results suggest the presence of affordable, highly preferred combustible products is likely to maintain tobacco purchasing at undesirable levels. To promote switching to less-harmful products, affordable alternate nicotine and tobacco products should be readily available. Finally, our results suggest that the availability of noncigarette products, not cigarette nicotine level, will most likely affect purchasing of reduced-nicotine cigarettes.
The Opaqueness of Rules†
Authors: Hass Binesh 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article takes up the question of whether legal rules are reasons for action. They are commonly regarded in this way, yet are legal rules reasons for action themselves (the reflexivity thesis) or are they instead merely statements of other reasons that we may already have (the paraphrastic thesis)? I argue for a version of the paraphrastic thesis. In doing so, considerable attention is given to the neglected but important puzzle of the opaqueness of rules, which arises out of what some regard as the gap between the evaluative grounds of legal rules and what makes them into reasons for action. After examining an important articulation of the puzzle in the work of Joseph Raz, I argue that the reflexivity thesis is (i) undermined by certain features of rule making and (ii) defeated by the principle of presumptive sufficiency. The result is that it is possible for legal rules to be paraphrastic statements of reasons but, conversely, impossible for them to be reasons in themselves.
Is Majority Rule Justified in Constitutional Adjudication?
Authors: Caviedes Cristóbal 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this article, I challenge the use of a majority voting rule (majority rule) to declare statutes unconstitutional in many constitutional courts. To do this, I briefly present four main features of majority rule and assess whether these features (separately and jointly considered) provide definitive reasons for using this voting rule over others in constitutional adjudication. I conclude that these features do not provide such reasons either individually or taken together. This conclusion enables one to analyse whether constitutional courts should use other voting rules in constitutional adjudication, such as supermajority rules.
Learning to Apply Mindfulness to Pain (LAMP): Design for a Pragmatic Clinical Trial of Two Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Chronic Pain
Authors: Burgess Diana J , Evans Roni , Allen Kelli D , Bangerter, Ann , Bronfort Gert , Cross Lee J , Ferguson John E , Haley Alex , Hagel Campbell Emily M , Mahaffey Mallory R , Matthias Marianne S , Meis Laura A , Polusny Melissa A , Serpa J Greg , Taylor Stephanie L , Taylor Brent C 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are evidence-based nonpharmacological treatments for treating chronic pain. However, the predominant MBI, mindfulness-based stress reduction, has features that pose significant implementation barriers.

Objectives
This study will test two approaches to delivering MBIs for improving Veterans’ chronic pain and mental health comorbidities. These two approaches address key implementation barriers.

Methods
We will conduct a four-site, three-arm pragmatic randomized controlled trial, Learning to Apply Mindfulness to Pain (LAMP), to test the effectiveness of two MBIs at improving pain and mental health comorbidities. Mobile+Group LAMP consists of prerecorded modules presented by a mindfulness instructor that are viewed in an online group setting and interspersed with discussions led by a facilitator. Mobile LAMP consists of the same prerecorded modules but does not include a group component. We will test whether either of these MBIs will be more effective than usual care at improving chronic pain and whether the Mobile+Group LAMP will be more effective than Mobile LAMP at improving chronic pain. Comparisons for the primary hypotheses will be conducted with continuous outcomes (Brief Pain Inventory interference score) repeated at 10 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months. The secondary hypotheses are that Mobile+Group LAMP and Mobile LAMP will be more effective than usual care at improving secondary outcomes (e.g., post-traumatic stress disorder, depression). We will also confirm the comparisons for the primary and secondary hypotheses in gender-specific strata.

Implications
This trial is expected to result in two approaches for delivering MBIs that will optimize engagement, adherence, and sustainability and be able to reach large numbers of Veterans.
Browsing versus Studying: A Pro-market Case for Regulation
Authors: Heidhues Paul , Johnen Johannes , Kőszegi Botond 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We identify a competition-policy-based argument for regulating the secondary features of complex or complexly priced products when consumers have limited attention. Limited attention implies that consumers can only “study” a small number of complex products in full, while—by failing to check secondary features—they can superficially “browse” more. Interventions limiting ex post consumer harm through safety regulations, caps on certain fees, or other methods induce consumers to do more or more meaningful browsing, enhancing competition. We show that for a pro-competitive effect to obtain, the regulation must apply to the secondary features, and not to the total price or value of the product. As an auxiliary positive prediction, we establish that because low-value consumers are often more likely to study—and therefore less likely to browse—than high-value consumers, the average price consumers pay can be increasing in the share of low-value consumers. We discuss applications of our insights to health-insurance choice, the European Union’s principle on unfair contract terms, food safety in developing countries, and the shopping behaviour of (and prices paid by) low-income and high-income consumers.
The Aggregate Implications of Mergers and Acquisitions
Authors: David Joel M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article develops a search and matching model of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) and uses it to evaluate the implications of merger activity for aggregate economic outcomes. The theory is consistent with a rich set of facts on U.S. M&A, including sorting among merging firms, a substantial merger premium and serial acquisition. It provides a sharp link between these facts and the nature of merger gains. At the micro-level, both complementarities between merging firms and productivity improvements of target firms are important in generating gains. At the macro-level, the model suggests a significant beneficial impact of M&A on aggregate outcomes—the contribution to steady state output is 14$\%$ and 4$\%$ for consumption—which occurs through the reallocation of resources across firms and equilibrium effects on firm selection and new entrepreneurship. Nevertheless, the economy is not efficient, suggesting a scope for policy improvements—a simple flat tax on M&A can raise steady state consumption as much as 2$\%$ relative to the laissez-faire equilibrium. In short, the boundaries of the firm can matter for macroeconomic outcomes.
A SURVEY STUDY OF RADIATION PROTECTION AWARENESS AMONG RADIOLOGY TECHNICIANS IN MOGADISHU, SOMALIA
Authors: Aras Serhat , Tanzer Ihsan Oguz , Ikizceli Turkan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We investigate the ionizing radiation exposure awareness and subject matter knowledge among clinical radiology technicians working in state and private hospitals in Mogadishu, Somalia. Research data are collected via face to face interviews with a prepared questionnaire performed between April and May 2018 in Mogadishu, Somalia. A total of 61 clinical radiology technicians working in 10 state and private hospitals in Mogadishu volunteered to be part of this study.
Among the participants, awareness of the harmful effects of ionizing radiation and sufficient subject matter knowledge were lacking. In addition, radiation protection equipment during radiological examinations were not adequately used by clinical radiology technicians. Our results indicate a necessity to retrain and improve the technician education curriculum before and after graduation to create a safer environment both for hospital staff and patients during radiological examinations.