bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loneliness as a risk factor for frailty transition among Chinese old people
Authors: SHA SHA , Yuebin Xu , Lin Chen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: previous literature has reported that loneliness is a strong predictor of frailty risk, yet less is known about the role of loneliness in frailty transition types. In this study, we examined whether and how loneliness is related to frailty transition among Chinese old people. Methods: our study used participants (aged>=60) from 2008/2009, 2011/2012 and 2014 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). Loneliness was assessed by a single question asking how often the respondent feels lonely. FRAIL Scale was created to measure physical frailty for our study, and frailty was also assessed by a broader definition of frailty index. Frailty transition as an outcome variable has been designed as two types according to the measurement of frailty. Results: greater loneliness at baseline reduced the possibility of remaining robust or prefrail physical frailty state after 3 years (OR=0.78, 95%CI: 0.68 - 0.91, p<0.01), adjusted for all confounding variables. Greater loneliness was associated with an increased risk of worsening physical frailty after years: compared with those who had never felt lonely, the odds ratios for people who often felt lonely were 1.19 (95%CI: 1.01 - 1.41, p<0.05) after 3 years and 1.34 (95%CI: 1.08 - 1.66, p<0.01) after 6 years, adjusted for confounding variables. The association between loneliness and change in the frailty index differed in survey periods: loneliness at baselines was found to increase the possibility of participants remaining in frailty (seldom loneliness: OR= 1.78, 95%CI: 1.25 - 2.55, p<0.01; often loneliness: OR= 1.74, 95%CI: 1.21 - 2.50, p<0.01) after 6 years, but no significant sign was shown in 3 years follow-up. Besides, loneliness at baselines was significantly associated with frailty transition at follow-up among males, even after adjusting for all potential confounding variables. However, a similar association was not observed among females. Conclusion: old people with a high level of loneliness tend to be frail in the future, and greater loneliness is related to increased risk of worsening frailty and remaining frail. Male elderly with a high level of loneliness were more likely to suffer from frailty transition than female elderly in China.
Genetic diversity and different cross-neutralization capability of porcine circovirus type 2 isolates recently circulating in South Korea
Authors: Kang Seok-Jin , Kang Hyeonjeong , Yu Su-Hwa , Lee Hye Jeong , Lee Nakhyung , Hyun Bang-Hun , Cha Sang-Ho 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is a small single-stranded DNA virus and a primary cause of PCV-associated diseases (PCVAD) that result in substantial economic loss for swine farms. Between 2016 and 2018, PCV2 field viruses were isolated from PCVAD-affected swine farms in South Korea and investigated for genetic and antigenic heterogeneity. Results: The genetic analysis of ORF2 showed that the genotype of the Korean PCV2 field isolates has been rapidly shifted from PCV2a or 2b to mutant PCV2b known as PCV2d with 82.6% to 100% amino acid sequence similarity. PCV2-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) demonstrated variable antigen-binding activity to four representative Korean PCV2 field isolates [QIA215 (PCV2a), QIA418 (PCV2b), QIA169 (PCV2d), and QIA244 (PCV2d)] without genotype specificity, and one mAb showed neutralization activity to QIA215. In a cross-virus neutralization assay using anti-PCV2 sera of pigs and guinea pigs injected with a commercial vaccine and the Korean PCV2 field isolates, the anti-porcine sera of a commercial vaccine had high neutralization activity against QIA215 and QIA418 with statistically lower activity against PCV2d viruses. Anti-guinea pig sera of QIA215, QIA418, QIA169, and a commercial vaccine had high neutralization activity against all of the viruses with significantly lower activity against QIA244. Importantly, anti-guinea pig sera of QIA244 had high neutralization activity against all of the viruses. Conclusions: This study confirmed genetic and antigenic diversity among recent PCV2 field isolates in Korean swine farms, and the strain-based difference in virus neutralization capability should be considered for more effective control by vaccination.
Consumers’ satisfaction factors mining and sentiment analysis of B2C online pharmacy reviews
Authors: liu jingfang , zhou yingyi , jiang xiaoyan , zhang wei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background In recent years, online pharmacies have been accepted by increasingly more consumers, and the prospects for online pharmacies are optimistic. This article explores the consumers’ satisfaction factors addressed in Business to Customer (B2C) online pharmacy reviews and analyzes the sentiments expressed in the reviews. The goal of this work is to help B2C online pharmacy enterprises identify consumers’ concerns, continuously improve the health services level.Methods This article was based on the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic model. From a third-party platform-based B2C online pharmacy and a proprietary B2C online pharmacy (JD Pharmacy and J1.COM, respectively), 136,630 pieces of over-the-counter (OTC) drug review data posted from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2018 were selected as samples and used to explore the satisfaction factors of B2C online pharmacy consumers regarding the entire drug purchasing process. Then, the sentiments expressed in the drug reviews were analyzed with SnowNLP.Result Categorization of the 12 factors identified by LDA showed that 5 factors were related to logistics; these 5 factors, which also included the most drug reviews, made up 38.5% of the reviews. The number of factors related to drug prices was second, with 3 factors, and reviews of drug prices made up 25.5% of the reviews. Customer service and drug effects each had two related factors, and a smaller percentage of these reviews (13.95%) were related to drug effects. Consumers still maintain positive opinions of JD Pharmacy and J1.COM. However, some opinions on logistics and drug prices are expressed.Conclusion The most important task for online pharmacies is to improve logistics. It is better to develop self-built logistics. Both types of B2C online pharmacies can improve consumer viscosity by implementing marketing strategies. With regard to customer service, focusing on improving employees' service attitudes is necessary.
Contraceptive Use and Maternal Mortality in Indonesia: A Community-Level Ecological Analysis
Authors: Aryanty Riznawaty Imma , Romadlona Nohan Arum , Besral Besral , Panggabean Elvi Debora P. , Utomo Budi , Makalew Richard , Magnani Robert J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Prior studies have shown that contraceptive use reduces maternal mortality independently of other maternal health services. The present study took advantage of geographically detailed Indonesian data to study the interplay between contraceptive use and other risk and protective factors for maternal mortality at the community level, a level of analysis where the protective effects of family planning can be best understood.Methods: Data from the 2015 Intercensal Population Survey (SUPAS) and the 2014 Village Potential Survey (PODES) were used to construct a series of census block-level variables measuring key risk and protective factors for maternal mortality. The relationships between these factors and maternal mortality, measured via natural log-transformation of past five-year maternal mortality ratios in each of the 40,748 census blocks were assessed via log-linear regressions.Results: Higher community maternal mortality ratios were associated with lower community contraceptive prevalence, higher percentage of parity four-plus births, higher proportion of poor households, lower population density of hospitals, higher density of traditional birth attendants (TBA), and residence outside of Java-Bali. For every percentage point increase in CPR, community maternal mortality ratios were lower by 7.0 points (95% CI = 0.9, 14.3). Community-level household wealth was the strongest predictor of maternal mortality.Conclusions: Community contraceptive prevalence made a significant contribution to reducing maternal mortality net of other risk and protective factors during 2010-2015. Increased health system responsiveness to the needs of pregnant women and reductions in socioeconomic and geographic disparities in maternal health services will be needed for Indonesia to reach the 2030 SDG maternal mortality goal.
Precise annotation of tick mitochondrial genomes reveals multiple copy number variation of short tandem repeats and one transposon-like element
Authors: Chen Ze , Xuan Yibo , Liang Guangcai , Yang Xiaolong , Yu Zhijun , Barker Stephen C. , Kelava Samuel , Bu Wenjun , Liu Jingze , Gao Shan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: In the present study, we used long-PCR amplification coupled with Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) to obtain complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes of individual ticks and unprecedently performed precise annotation of these mt genomes. We aimed to: (1) to develop a simple, cost-effective and accurate method for the study of extremely high AT-content mt genomes within an individual animal (e.g. Dermacentor silvarum) containing miniscule DNA; (2) to provide a high-quality reference genome for D. silvarum with precise annotation and also for future studies of other tick mt genomes; and (3) to detect and analyze mt DNA variation within an individual tick.Results: These annotations were confirmed by the PacBio full-length transcriptome data to cover both entire strands of the mitochondrial genomes without any gaps or overlaps. Moreover, two new and important findings were reported for the first time, contributing fundamental knowledge to mt biology. The first was the discovery of a transposon-like element that may eventually reveal much about mechanisms of gene rearrangements in mt genomes. Another finding was that Copy Number Variation (CNV) of Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) account for mitochondrial sequence diversity (heterogeneity) within an individual tick, insect, mouse or human, whereas SNPs were not detected. The CNV of STRs in the protein-coding genes resulted in frameshift mutations in the proteins, which can cause deleterious effects. Mitochondria containing these deleterious STR mutations accumulate in cells and can produce deleterious proteins. Conclusions: We proposed that the accumulation of CNV of STRs in mitochondria may cause aging or diseases. Future tests of the CNV of STRs hypothesis help to ultimately reveal the genetic basis of mitochondrial DNA variation and its consequences (e.g., aging and diseases) in animals. Our study will lead to the reconsideration of the importance of STRs and a unified study of CNV of STRs with longer and shorter repeat units (particularly polynucleotides) in both nuclear and mt genomes.
Microglia prevent beta-amyloid plaque formation in the early stage of an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model with suppression of glymphatic clearance
Authors: Feng Weixi , Zhang Yanli , Wang Ze , Xu Hanrong , Wu Ting , Marshall Charles , Gao Junying , Xiao Ming 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Soluble beta-amyloid (Aβ) can be cleared from the brain through various mechanisms including enzymatic degradation, glial cell phagocytosis, transport across the blood-brain barrier and glymphatic clearance. However, the relative contribution of each clearance system and their compensatory effects in delaying the pathological process of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are currently unknown. Methods: Fluorescent trace, immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses were performed to compare glymphatic clearance ability and Aβ accumulation among 3-month-old APP695/PS1-dE9 transgenic (APP/PS1) mice, wild-type mice, aquaporin 4 knock out (AQP4 -/- ) mice and AQP4 -/- /APP/PS1 mice. The consequence of selectively eliminating microglial cells, or downregulating apolipoprotein E (apoE) expression, on Aβ burden was also investigated in the frontal cortex of AQP4 -/- /APP/PS1 mice and APP/PS1 mice. Results: AQP4 deletion in APP/PS1 mice significantly exaggerated glymphatic clearance dysfunction and intraneuronal accumulation of Aβ and apoE, although it did not lead to Aβ plaque deposition. Notably, microglia, but not astrocytes, increased activation and phagocytosis of Aβ in the cerebral cortex of AQP4 -/- /APP/PS1 mice, compared with APP/PS1 mice. Selectively eliminating microglia in the frontal cortex via local injection of clodronate liposomes resulted in deposition of Aβ plaques in AQP4 -/- /APP/PS1 mice, but not APP/PS1 mice. Moreover, knockdown of apoE reduced intraneuronal Aβ levels in both APP/PS1 mice and AQP4 -/- /APP/PS1 mice, indicating an inhibitory effect of apoE on Aβ clearance. Conclusion: The above results suggest that the glymphatic system mediated Aβ and apoE clearance and microglia mediated Aβ degradation synergistically prevent Aβ plague formation in the early stages of the AD mouse model. Protecting one or both of them might be beneficial to delaying the onset of AD.
Clinical Diagnostic Value for Colorectal Cancer Based on Serum CEA, CA24-2 and CA19-9
Authors: Rao Hui , Wu Heming , Huang Qingyan , Yu Zhikang , Zhang Qunji , Zhong Zhixiong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

To explore the clinical value of a combined detection of serum concentration of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 24-2 (CA24-2), and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) for colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods

The levels of serum tumor markers (CEA, CA24-2 and CA19-9) and clinical characteristics in patients with colorectal cancer were evaluated. In addition, KRAS/NRAS/PIK3CA/BRAF mutations were detected in some patients with colorectal cancer.

Results

A total of 2,281 patients were recruited in the study, included 1,578 colorectal cancer patients and 703 controls. The levels of CEA, CA24-2 and CA19-9 in colorectal cancer group was significantly higher than control group. The sensitivities of three individual markers were lower than 30%, which individual sensitivity of the tumor markers sorted in descending order was CEA>CA19-9>CA24-2. The specificities of three individual markers were more than 92%, and the specificity sorted in descending order was CA24-2>CA19-9>CEA. The combination of CEA+CA19-9+CA24-2 ranked the highest in sensitivity index and specificity index for colorectal cancer diagnosis. The prediction equation excluding the risk of colorectal cancer was. Probability (normal) = Exp (-5.47 - 0.28CEA - 0.11 CA242 + 0.001 CA199)/ (1+ Exp (-5.47 - 0.28CEA - 0.11 CA242 + 0.001 CA199)). There were no significant differences in age, gender, histology type, differentiation, depth of invasion and TNM stage between mutations in KRAS/NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA genes or not, respectively.

Conclusions

Serum CEA, CA24-2, and CA19-9 are valuable noninvasive indicators for prediction the risk of colorectal cancer. We need to look for other, more sensitive tumor markers.
Differential Expression of MicroRNAs in Fibrotic Liver Tissues of Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Hai Long , Ma Li-Na , Zhao Ying-Xia , Luo Xia , Liu Xiao-Yan , Hu Yan-Chao , DING Xiang Chun , Zhang Yan-Li , Nawaz Shah 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which are single-stranded small RNAs approximately 21 to 23 bases long, are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and lipid metabolism/fatty acid metabolism, and play important roles in the differentiation of the liver and the maintenance of its morphology and function MiRNAs are also closely related to the occurrence, development, treatment, and prognosis of liver diseases. Fibrotic Liver is a chronic process of the intrahepatic damage–repair response. The mixed effects of these pathogenic factors result in an abnormal comprehensive proliferation of fibrous tissue in the liver, diffused production and deposition of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and an imbalance in ECM synthesis and degradation. These lead to secondary inflammatory responses in the liver and the reversible pathological process of self-healing.Methods: Liver tissues were obtained from 3 patients with CHB with liver histopathological fibrosis grade ≥ S2, 2 patients with CHB with fibrosis grade < S2, and 1 healthy individual with a normal liver. The high-throughput miRNA microarray technique was used for miRNA expression analysis. The screening criteria for differential miRNA expression were a fold-change ≥ 2 and P< 0.005. The miRNAs with significantly different expression levels were verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and the target gene functions were predicted by Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway analyses. Finally, an miRNA-gene network map was constructed.Results: In the CHB groups of tissues, 34 miRNAs with ≥ 2-fold difference in expression were found, of which 18 were upregulated and 16 were downregulated. qPCR was used to verify these miRNAs that showed significant differences, with the results showing consistency with the microarray results, indicating that the miRNA microarray results were credible. Bioinformatics analysis results demonstrate that some of the key upregulated miRNAs found in the network map were hsa-miR-125b-2-3p, hsa-miR-4639-3p, hsa-miR-4764-3p, and hsa-miR-3133, whereas some of the key downregulated ones were hsa-miR-1297, hsa-miR-154-5p, hsa-miR-3183 and hsa-miR-663a.Conclusion: In patients with CHB, the miRNA expression profile changes significantly with the severity of fibrotic liver. The development of fibrotic liver may be related to the miRNA-mediated regulation of cell development, metabolism, and apoptosis, and the positive/negative regulation of cell processes.This study was approved by the ethics committee of general hospital of Ningxia medical university (2015-134).
Effects of Fluoride and Calcium Phosphate-Based Varnishes on pH, Lactic Acid and Trace Elements in Saliva: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Authors: Pascual Andrea Poza , Muñoz Clara Serna , Silva Amparo Perez , Martínez-Beneyto Yolanda , Ruiz Antonio Jose Ortiz 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: When dental plaque is not regularly removed, bacteria break down sugars in the diet forming acids as by-products. Lactic acid is the main acid involved in caries. As acids accumulate minerals are lost from the surface layer of the tooth. The imbalance in demineralization/remineralization favours the loss of calcium and phosphate from the teeth. Saliva contains the most important microelements for the remineralization and maturation of dental tissue and plays a crucial role in maintaining the oral environment. Fluoride is the agent par excellence in preventing and detaining cavities. However, remineralization may be hampered by limited levels of calcium and phosphate, and new products have been developed to ensure a constant supply. Two of the most used products are amorphous calcium phosphate stabilized with casein phosphopeptide (CPP-ACP) and tricalcium phosphate modified by fumaric acid (fTCP).Methods: We conducted a controlled, randomized clinical trial of the effect on the saliva of the application of two varnishes − MI Varnish (CPP-ACP with sodium fluoride 5%) and Clinpro White Varnish (fTCP with sodium fluoride 5%) – applied every three months in children with a high risk of caries, for 12 months. We included 58 children aged 4-12 years, assigned to control (placebo), Clinpro and MI groups. Baseline and three-monthly saliva samples were taken. We assessed changes in pH, lactic acid concentrations and trace elements in saliva.Results: At 12 months, all groups showed a nonsignificant increase in pH levels and a reduction in lactic acid, which was greatest in the placebo group. There was a significant reduction in 24Mg, 31P and 66Zn levels in the placebo group (p≤0.05), but not in the other elements studied: 23Na, 27Al, 39K, 44Ca, 52Cr, 55Mn, 57Fe, 59Co, 63Cu, 75As, 111Cd, 137Ba, 208Pb and 19F.Conclusions: Neither pH, lactic acid concentrations or most salivary trace elements were useful in defining patients at high risk of caries or in monitoring the effect of MI Varnish and Clinpro White Varnish after three-monthly application for 12 months.Trial registration: ISRCTN13681286. Registered 26 May 2020 - Retrospectively registered, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN13681286
The Variation Tendency of Serum C-Reactive Protein is A Good Marker to Exclude Anastomotic Leakage after Laparoscopic Gastrectomy for Adenocarcinoma of Esophagogastric Junction
Authors: Luo Bin , Liao Qianchao , Zheng Jiabin , Hu Weixian , Yao Xueqing , Cai Guanfu , Li Yong , Wang Junjiang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Backgroud:Esophagojejunal anastomotic leakage (EJAL) after laparoscopic gastrectomy with mediastinal lymph nodes resection for adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction (AEG) constituted the most common and serious postoperative complications (PCs). Early diagnosis of EJAL was of great importance. This retrospective study aimed to investigate whether the variation tendency of serum C-reactive protein can be used as an early marker to exclude EJAL after laparoscopic gastrectomy for AEG.Methods:Data for patients underwent laparoscopic gastrectomy for AEG, from January 2015 to March 2020, were retrospectively analyzed. Diagnostic accuracy was determined by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for PCs of grade II or more，according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. Results:A total of 114 patients were analyzed, of whom 21 (18.4%, 95% CI 11.4-25.4 %) developed major PCs, including anastomotic leakage in 13. The ratio of CRP level on postoperative day 3 to day 2 (POD3/2 CRP) provided the best diagnostic accuracy (AUC 0.903, 95% CI 0.814-0.993, p＜0.001). Proximal gastrectomy (OR 8.224, 95% CI 1.976-34.234, p=0.004) and operation time ≥360 minutes (OR 6.753, 95% CI 2.037-22.395, p=0.002) were identified as significant independent risk factors for major postoperative complications.Conclusions:The POD3/2 CRP was the best marker to exclude anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic gastrectomy for AEG.