bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of a Participatory and Interactive Virtual Reality Intervention in Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder: Longitudinal Questionnaire Study
Authors: Kim Hyun-Jin , Lee Seulki , Jung Dooyoung , Hur Ji-Won , Lee Heon-Jeong , Lee Sungkil , Kim Gerard J , Cho Chung-Yean , Choi Seungmoon , Lee Seung-Moo , Cho Chul-Hyun 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundSocial anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by excessive fear of negative evaluation and humiliation in social interactions and situations. Virtual reality (VR) treatment is a promising intervention option for SAD.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to create a participatory and interactive VR intervention for SAD. Treatment progress, including the severity of symptoms and the cognitive and emotional aspects of SAD, was analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention.MethodsIn total, 32 individuals with SAD and 34 healthy control participants were enrolled in the study through advertisements for online bulletin boards at universities. A VR intervention was designed consisting of three stages (introduction, core, and finishing) and three difficulty levels (easy, medium, and hard) that could be selected by the participants. The core stage was the exposure intervention in which participants engaged in social situations. The effectiveness of treatment was assessed through Beck Anxiety inventory (BAI), State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Internalized Shame Scale (ISS), Post-Event Rumination Scale (PERS), Social Phobia Scale (SPS), Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS), Brief-Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE), and Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS).ResultsIn the SAD group, scores on the BAI (F=4.616, P=.009), STAI-Trait (F=4.670, P=.004), ISS (F=6.924, P=.001), PERS-negative (F=1.008, P<.001), SPS (F=8.456, P<.001), BFNE (F=6.117, P=.004), KSAD (F=13.259, P<.001), and LSAS (F=4.103, P=.009) significantly improved over the treatment process. Compared with the healthy control group before treatment, the SAD group showed significantly higher scores on all scales (P<.001), and these significant differences persisted even after treatment (P<.001). In the comparison between the VR treatment responder and nonresponder subgroups, there was no significant difference across the course of the VR session.ConclusionsThese findings indicated that a participatory and interactive VR intervention had a significant effect on alleviation of the clinical symptoms of SAD, confirming the usefulness of VR for the treatment of SAD. VR treatment is expected to be one of various beneficial therapeutic approaches in the future.Trial RegistrationClinical Research Information Service (CRIS) KCT0003854; https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/search_result_st01.jsp?seq=13508
Risk Associated with NAD (P) H: Quinone Oxidoreductase I (NQOI) C609T Polymorphism for Cigarette Smoke Induced Cardiovascular Disease (CVD): A Study on Male Current Smokers from Eastern India
Authors: Santanu Banerjee  
Published: October 2020

NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is a well-known enzyme for its protective role against cigarette smoke (CS) derived harmful quinones such as p-benzoquinone which is a major causative agent of CS-related cardiovascular disease (CVD). NQO1 C609T single nucleotide polymorphism has severe consequence on NQO1 function and its availability. We propose that the presence of the variant allele of this polymorphism exposes smokers towards a greater risk of developing CVD. For the verification of this hypothesis we perform a genotype analysis for this SNP in two groups of male current smokers (smokers with CVD, n=100 and smokers without CVD, n=200) by a PCR-RFLP method. Genotype distributions of both groups were in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. The wild type (p) and the variant allele (q) frequencies were different for these two groups (in smokers without CVD: p=67.3%, q=32.7%; in smokers with CVD: p=59%, q=41%). The genotype frequencies were significantly different between the two smoker groups (in smoker without CVD: CC=43.5%, CT=47.5% and TT=9%; in smokers with CVD: CC=32%, CT=54% and TT=14%). Cochran-Armitage-linear Trend Test indicated that the ‘proportions of smokers with CVD’ have a linear trend with the number of variant alleles of NQO1 C609T SNP (CA Test χ2=4.329, p<0.05). The variation of genotype distribution between the two smoker groups was analysed by different genetic test model. Significant variation was observed in additive model (p<0.05). The odds ratios (OR) for the heterozygous (CT) and the homozygous (TT) were greater than one (for CT: OR=1.55, 95%CI: 0.91-2.61; for TT: OR=2.11, 95%CI: 0.94-4.74).Thus, the study strongly indicated that the variant allele of the NQO1 C609T SNP is associated with greater risk for developing CS- related CVD in cigarette smokers.
Retorno a la actividad asistencial en el contexto de COVID-19: priorización, protocolos y procedimientos. Experiencia de una unidad de gastroenterología ambulatoria en Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Molano Caro Jenny , Borrero-Cortés. Crystian , Lizarazo Rodriguez Jorge Iván , Gómez Chacón Néstor Eduardo 
Published: October 2020

La infección por el virus SARS-CoV-2 en Colombia condujo a que el Gobierno decretara una cuarentena total obligatoria en marzo de 2020. En dicho momento, las unidades de endoscopia ambulatoria permanecieron cerradas y solo se efectuaron procedimientos urgentes en el ámbito hospitalario. Esto ocasionó un represamiento de procedimientos endoscópicos sensibles al tiempo, prioritarios y electivos, de realización ambulatoria. La velocidad de propagación del virus se ha contenido, lográndose detener la progresión exponencial observada inicialmente. En dicho contexto, la atención de gastroenterología se ha continuado en la modalidad de teleconsulta. En mayo de este mismo año, el comportamiento de contención epidemiológica permitió que la Alcaldía de Bogotá y el Gobierno nacional emitieran circulares con las recomendaciones para la prestación de algunos servicios ambulatorios reglamentados, y así dar oportunidad de atención a pacientes con enfermedades sensibles al tiempo. Dentro de este marco legal y epidemiológico, se reinició la prestación de servicios de endoscopia digestiva en Emdiagnóstica S.A.S. Por tanto, presentamos aquí las estrategias para la programación y la realización de procedimientos endoscópicos en una unidad ambulatoria de gastroenterología, durante la pandemia por COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) en Colombia. También se describe un sistema de priorización de procedimientos de acuerdo con el criterio médico, que va desde la atención por teleconsulta o la aplicación de una encuesta telefónica hasta la utilización de una escala MeNTS (Medically Necessary Time-Sensitive) adaptada para endoscopia digestiva. Además, se relatan las adecuaciones en la planta física, la metodología implementada para la protección del talento humano y de los pacientes y el seguimiento posterior a la realización de los procedimientos para retroalimentación, seguridad y evaluación de satisfacción.
Investor Perceptions of Government Deregulation: Evidence from Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
Authors: Hoffman Benjamin W. , Campbell John L. , Smith Jason L. 
Published: October 2020

SYNOPSIS
We investigate the stock market's reaction to events leading up to the Securities and Exchange Commission's and Public Company Accounting Oversight Board's 2007 regulatory changes that reduced the scope of and documentation requirements for assessments of firms' internal controls over financial reporting (ICFR), as required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, Section 404. We examine abnormal returns surrounding key dates leading to the passage of these regulations and offer two main findings. First, investors reacted negatively on key event dates, suggesting that investors viewed the regulations as likely to reduce financial reporting quality rather than to drive audit efficiencies. Second, this negative market reaction is larger when ICFR effectiveness should matter most—when firms are more complex, have higher litigation risk, and greater fraud risk. Overall, our results may imply that investors prefer stronger government regulation when it comes to the assessments of a firm's internal controls over financial reporting.
Sex Differences in Rates of Change and Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors Among Adults Who Did and Did Not Go On to Develop Diabetes: Two Decades of Follow-up From the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
Authors: Ramezankhani Azra , Azizi Fereidoun , Hadaegh Farzad 
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVE
We investigated the cumulative burden and linear rates of change of major metabolic risk factors (MRFs) among Iranian adults in whom type 2 diabetes did and did not develop.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We included 7,163 participants (3,069 men) aged 20–70 years at baseline with at least three examinations during 1999–2018. Individual growth curve modeling was used for data analysis. Statistical interactions for sex by diabetes status were adjusted for age, family history of diabetes, smoking status, and physical activity level.

RESULTS
Study sample included 743 (316 men) new case subjects with diabetes. In both men and women, compared with individuals in whom diabetes did not develop, individuals in whom diabetes developed had a higher burden of all MRFs and a greater rate of change in BMI, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure; however, the differences in burden and rate of change between those who did and did not develop diabetes were greater in women than in men. During the transition to diabetes, women experienced more adverse change in BMI, FPG, triglyceride, and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) (diabetes-sex interaction P values &lt;0.05) and faster rates of change in BMI, FPG, HDL-C, and total cholesterol (interaction P values &lt;0.01) and SBP (interaction P = 0.055) than men.

CONCLUSIONS
The greater exposure of women to and burden of MRFs before onset of diabetes may have implications for implementing sex-specific strategies in order to prevent or delay diabetes complications.
Aportes al debate sobre convergencia tecnológica en las prácticas de consumo audiovisual
Authors: Morales Susana , Martínez Luque Santiago 
Published: October 2020

Este artículo propone recuperar algunos datos producidos en el marco del proyecto Radios cooperativas y públicos. Estudios de consumo y audiencias radiofónicas en el Gran Córdoba (Primera y Segunda Parte) para debatir afirmaciones usuales que circulan en ámbitos académicos, de manera naturalizada, ligadas a las transformaciones recientes del consumo audiovisual. En particular, en este trabajo nos interesa aportar al debate sobre el proceso de convergencia mediática. Creemos que es necesario discutir ciertas imágenes de este proceso a partir de las cuales se afirma y reproduce que los nuevos medios y tecnologías de información y comunicación han venido a desplazar y reemplazar -estricta y definitivamente- a los medios audiovisuales tradicionales, tales como la radio y la TV. Así también aquellas aseveraciones en torno a las prácticas de consumo de determinados grupos etarios –especialmente de los jóvenes-. En ese sentido, si bien cabe reconocer el progresivo e incuestionable crecimiento de las nuevas tecnologías, internet y las redes sociales digitales como espacios de consumo audiovisual, entendemos que es necesario producir una mirada crítica sobre este proceso que nos permita tanto dar cuenta de las prácticas de consumo audiovisual como de las particularidades locales que podrían complejizar los datos generales con los que solemos contar.
Realising South Africa's National Development Plan goals: The need for change to a collaborative democracy to facilitate community participation
Authors: Auriacombe Christelle , Meyer Natanya 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A democratic government should adhere to firm public administration principles, legal instruments, structures and mechanisms. However, providing these elements is insufficient to guarantee integrated participative service delivery. This article aims to unravel the most important elements required to create a participative governance model that fuses horizontal intra-relationships between public officials and departments and vertical interactions between public and private networks. The research methodology entailed a critical desktop document analysis of books, articles, regulatory policy and strategy documents. Network governance was conceptually and contextually analysed through unobtrusive research methods. It served as a possible analytical model for democratic governance, where citizens take centre stage in participative decision-making. The findings provide both a description and a contextualisation of the themes that emerged from the research. The article highlights that the network governance model could help South Africa move forward from a dated, elitist democracy based on a dependency model, to a participative democracy model, where communities and government work together. The article concludes that South Africa can only realise the National Development Plans (NDPs) 2030 goals (to maximise people's development, strengthen governance networks and enhance state's capacity to provide adequate public services) by drawing on partnerships within a network governance framework.
Effects of the fruiting period and growing seasons on market quality in goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.)
Authors: Polat Mehmet , Mertoglu Kerem , Eskimez Ilknur , Okatan Volkan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Progression of the vegetation period and change of year are associated with variations in general climatic parameters, such as temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, radiation, precipitation, wind speed and others. Only limited knowledge is available about the effects of these parameters on the characteristics of quality of fruits especially those with successive ripening such as goji berry. In our study, fruits of goji berry were characterised based on physico-chemical properties within four different harvest periods, in two consecutive years. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the pomological characteristics were superior at the beginning of the production season, while the phytochemical properties were better at the end. Fruit length, width and weight characteristics were noted to decrease from the first harvest to the last by 21%, 18% and 33%, respectively, while the total anthocyanin, phenol and antioxidant activity properties increased by 264%, 48% and 105%, respectively. There was a decrease in fruit weight, fruit length and fruit width up to 15.9%, 18.3% and 6%, respectively and were directly associated with yield due to sink competition among fruits. Providing high ripening index that ensures more acceptable fruits, with high soluble solid content (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA) seems to be a very important breeding objective to meet consumer demands thanks to superior organoleptic quality. According to correlations, the synthesis of phenolic compounds increased in parallel with SSC rise and TA, which improved pomological properties too. It is thought that the obtained results may indicate the cultural processes and evaluation methods to be used for the harvested fruits.
Topical use of ozone effectively alleviates the acute symptoms and quality of life of patients with moderate to severe bullous pemphigoid: a randomized controlled trial†
Authors: Li Li , Sang Li-Yun , Zhang Wen-Guang , Wang Tong , Guo Shu-Ping , Cui Hong-Zhou , Liu Hong-Ye 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the adjuvant treatment of acute stage symptoms and quality of life of patients with bullous pemphigoid (BP) with ozone.

Methods
We included 74 patients with moderate and severe BP hospitalized from July 2018 to December 2020. The participants were randomly divided into the control group and the ozone group, with 37 patients in each group (n = 37). The control group used tap water to wash the whole body, and mupirocin ointment was used for the erosions. The ozone group used ozone water to wash the whole body, and the erosion place was coated with ozone oil. The bullous pemphigoid disease area index (BPDAI) score of BP disease was used to observe the clinical symptoms and skin lesions of the two groups before and on day 3, 7, and 14 after treatment. Pruritus and sleep were observed before and on day 3, 7, and 14 after treatment. The Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) was used to observe the quality of life before and after treatment and the adverse reactions were recorded.

Results
The total BPDAI score and erythema score in the ozone group were significantly different from those in the control group on day 3, 7, and 14 after treatment (P < 0.050). The scab drying time and erosion drying time of ozone group were shorter than that of control group (P < 0.001). There were statistically significant differences between the ozone group and the control group in pruritus score and sleep score on day 3, 7, and 14 after treatment (P < 0.001). There was statistically significant difference in skin disease quality of life between the two groups 14 days after treatment (P < 0.001). No significant adverse reactions and complications were observed in both groups.

Conclusions
Ozone external use can rapidly improve the acute stage of edema erythema, erosion, and itching of BP, improve the quality of life of patients, is an effective treatment method, and worthy of clinical promotion.
A review of the research on music therapy in hospice care†
Authors: Fu Meng-Xue , Lin Qin , Wu Ji-Jun , Zhong Xiao-Li , Yang Ling-Na , Han Guo-Jing 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective
To summarize the research progress of music therapy in hospice care and to provide reference for further research.

Methods
A wide range of literatures on music therapy and hospice care at home and abroad were searched and read, and the literature was integrated, judged, analyzed, and summarized.

Results
The related research on music therapy in hospice care mainly focused on western developed countries such as Europe and the United States. China is still in the stage of theoretical exploration, lacking qualitative research based on case investigation and empirical research based on data statistics.

Conclusions
Music therapy supports the management of symptoms in hospice care, which can meet the diverse needs of patients and their family members including physical, psychological, social, and spiritual.
TiO2 waveguides thin films prepared by sol-gel method on glass substrates with and without ZnO underlayer
Authors: Bouachiba Y. , Taabouche A. , Bouabellou A. , Hanini F. , Sedrati C. , Merabti H. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
TiO2 thin films have been deposited on glass substrates with and without ZnO underlayer by sol-gel dip coating process. XRD patterns show the formation of anatase phase with the diffraction lines (1 0 1) and (2 0 0) in TiO2/glass sample. In TiO2/(ZnO/glass) sample, TiO2 is composed of anatase phase with the diffraction line (2 0 0) but the diffraction peaks of ZnO wurtzite are also well-defined. The determination of the refractive index and the thickness of the waveguiding layers has been performed by m-lines spectroscopy. The thickness of TiO2 thin films deduced by Rutheford Backscattering Geometry (RBS) agrees well with that obtained by m-lines spectroscopy. TiO2/glass sample exhibits one guided TE0 and TM0 polarized modes. In TiO2/(ZnO/glass) sample, only, TE0 single mode has been excited due to cutoff condition.
Chemical and thermal characteristics of soluble polysaccharides from fruit pericarps of the Algerian Argania spinosa
Authors: Hachem Kadda , Boudraa Kamel Eddine , Kaid-Harche Meriem 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Soluble polysaccharides were isolated from fruit pericarps of the Algerian Argania spinosa. The cell wall fraction was subjected to sequential extractions with H2O (2 × 2 h at 100°C), EDTA (1%, 6 h at 80°C) and KOH (1 and 4 M, 14 h at 25°C). The structures of the obtained polysaccharide fractions were characterized using gas chromatography (GC), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The presence of arabinose, galactose and rhamnose in the pectin fractions suggests the presence of rhamnogalacturonan, while the abundance of xylose in the hemicellulosic fractions indicates the presence of xylan. The DSC data revealed the endothermal behavior of all the soluble polysaccharides and only two thermal transitions, the glass transition (Tg) and the fusion transition (Tf) have been recorded.
CHILDRENâ€™S VIEWS ON, AND EXPERIENCES OF, PHYSICAL AND VERBAL ABUSE IN SCHOOLS: TWO CASE STUDIES OF PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN HARARE, ZIMBABWE
Authors: Sigauke Aaron 
Published: October 2020

Â In Zimbabwe, changes to regulations on corporal punishment have led to claims by teachers, parents and others that the only effective weapon that was there to maintain discipline in schools has been removed. This study aimed at finding out views and experiences of primary school children on the use of corporal punishment and verbal assault as means of maintaining discipline in schools. It set out from the view that physical punishment and verbal assault by school authorities are forms of child abuse and a violation of childrenâ€™s rights. A case study approach was used in two primary schools, one from a low-income location (high-density residential area) and another from a high-income location (low-density residential area), both in Harare. The study established that in spite of the existence of legal instruments, children are physically and verbally abused in various ways. While children are aware of their rights, they, however, find it difficult to report and in some cases do not even know where and to whom to report to. The study makes a number of recommendations directed towards authorities both in and outside the school system responsible for the discipline of children.
More focus on atypical glandular cells in cervical screening: Risk of significant abnormalities and low histological follow-up rate
Authors: Zhong Pingping , Yin Chenghong , Jin Yulan , Chen Tianbao , Zhan Yang , Tian Cheng , Zhu Li , Zheng Xingzheng 
Published: October 2020

Objectives:
Atypical glandular cells (AGC) detected by Papanicolaou (Pap) smears are in close relation with adenocarcinoma and precursors detected by histopathology. Yet, sometimes the cytological diagnosis of AGC has been neglected. With increase of adenocarcinoma and precursors, we need more focus on glandular abnormalities.

Material and Methods:
Clinicopathological data of patients who had AGC on Pap smears between April 2015 and October 2018 and underwent histological follow-up were retrieved from the computerized database of Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Patients with a prior history of cancer were excluded from the study. Statistical analyses were performed using Pearson’s Chi-square test in SPSS software version 23. P < 0.05 (two sided) was considered as statistical significance.

Results:
Liquid-based cytological examination of the uterine cervix was carried out in 164,080 women. Five hundred and twenty-five women were diagnosed with AGC, 314 with not otherwise specified (AGC-NOS), and 211 with favor neoplastic (AGC-FN). Only 310 cases had histological follow-up, 168 women (168/314, 53.5%) originally with AGC-NOS on Pap smears, and 142 (142/211, 67.3%) with AGC-FN. The median age of histological significant abnormalities was 46.7 years, and 126 women (126/162, 77.8%) were postmenopausal. Sixty-six cases (66/168, 39.3%) of AGC-NOS had significant abnormalities (96/142, 67.6%, AGC-FN). One hundred and sixty-two cases of significant abnormalities included 40 high-grade squamous abnormalities and 122 glandular abnormalities. AGC-FN was more likely to be associated with a clinically significant abnormalities (P < 0.001) compared to AGC-NOS.

Conclusions:
Patients with AGC on Pap smears are in close relation with significant abnormalities, especially with significant glandular abnormalities on histopathology slices. AGC should be evaluated vigilantly with histological workup, especially if patients are diagnosed with AGC-FN and are aged 41–60 years. We need more focus on AGC.