bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an intensive care oral care frequency assessment scale
Authors: Doğu Kökcü Özlem , Terzi Banu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundOral care and frequency of oral care is important for intensive care patients in order to prevent the risk of ventilator‐associated pneumonia. However, there are no scales to assess the frequency of oral care specific to intensive care units (ICUs).Aims and ObjectivesThis study aimed to develop a valid and reliable tool, “Intensive Care Oral Care Frequency Assessment Scale (ICOCFAS)”, for assessing the frequency of nurses' oral care in critical ill patients.DesignThis was an instrument development study.MethodsThe validity and reliability of the ICOCFAS, which consists of nine items, were tested using content validity (five expert opinions), construct validity (factor analysis), item analysis, and internal consistency analysis methods. The population of the research consisted of inpatients at the ICU of a hospital in Sakarya, Turkey. The research was conducted with 73 patients in the ICU.ResultsExpert opinions on the content validity indicated that the scale was admissible. The Kaiser‐Meyer‐Olkin (KMO) coefficient was calculated at 0.800, and the Chi‐square value of the Bartlett test was considerably significant (χ2 = 270.539; P < .001). Using a path diagram in confirmatory factor analysis, Chi‐square/df ratio values were calculated as 1.49, standardized root mean square residual as 0.077, comparative fit index as 0.97, and root mean square error of approximation as 0.082. Cronbach's alpha was 0.851. The correlations between the items and total scores were 0.455 to 0.835 and were statistically significant (P < .001).ConclusionsThe ICOCFAS is an efficient tool with high validity and reliability for assessing oral care frequency in the ICU.Relevance to clinical practiceThe ICOCFAS is a valid and reliable tool for Turkish society for assessing the frequency of oral care of patients in the ICU. It is recommended for various national and international studies with different patients in ICUs.
Alpine plant growth and reproduction dynamics in a warmer world
Authors: Dolezal Jiri , Kurnotova Margareta , Stastna Petra , Klimesova Jitka 
Published: July 2020

Summary

Climate warming may stimulate growth and reproduction in cold‐adapted plants, but also reduce their performance due to warming‐induced drought limitation. We tested this theory using a unique experiment with the alpine forb Rumex alpinus.

We examined how climate warming over the past four decades affected its annual rhizome growth, leaf production and flowering, and whether responses varied between alpine, subalpine and montane populations.

Before the period of accelerated warming in the 1970s and 1980s, the primary limitation on growth had been cold temperatures and short growing seasons. Increased summer temperatures in the 1990s and 2000s enhanced rhizome growth and leaf production, but not flowering. Alpine and subalpine plants profit more than montane plants, currently producing three times longer annual rhizome increments and twice as many leaves as 40 yr ago, and achieving nearly the same values as montane plants. During the warmest 2005–2015 period, growth became contingent on summer precipitation and began to decrease across all populations, likely due to an increasing water shortage in dense monospecific stands. Warming releases plants from cold limitations but induces water shortage.

Rumex alpinus exceeds its thermal optimum and becomes water‐limited as the climate warms. Our results suggest that warming‐induced responses in alpine plants will not be one‐sided shifts to higher growth and reproduction, but rather multidimensional and spatiotemporally variable.
ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 115 integrates jasmonate and cytokinin signaling machineries to repress adventitious rooting in Arabidopsis
Authors: Lakehal Abdellah , Dob Asma , Rahneshan Zahra , Novák Ondřej , Escamez Sacha , Alallaq Sanaria , Strnad Miroslav , Tuominen Hannele , Bellini Catherine 
Published: July 2020

Summary

Adventitious root initiation (ARI) is a de novo organogenesis program and a key adaptive trait in plants. Several hormones regulate ARI but the underlying genetic architecture that integrates the hormonal crosstalk governing this process remains largely elusive.

In this study, we use genetics, genome editing, transcriptomics, hormone profiling and cell biological approaches to demonstrate a crucial role played by the APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 115 transcription factor.

We demonstrate that ERF115 functions as a repressor of ARI by activating the cytokinin (CK) signaling machinery. We also demonstrate that ERF115 is transcriptionally activated by jasmonate (JA), an oxylipin‐derived phytohormone, which represses ARI in NINJA‐dependent and independent manners. Our data indicate that NINJA‐dependent JA signaling in pericycle cells blocks early events of ARI.

Altogether, our results reveal a previously unreported molecular network involving cooperative crosstalk between JA and CK machineries that represses ARI.
Spaces of possibilities: a theoretical analysis of mentoring from a regulatory perspective
Authors: Ziegler Albert , Gryc Katharina L. , Hopp Manuel D. S. , Stoeger Heidrun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA review of the literature on the effectiveness of mentoring reveals a paradox: on the one hand, there is evidence that mentoring can be highly effective. On the other hand, meta‐analyses usually only show small to moderate effect sizes, and sometimes even negative effects. To better understand this mentoring paradox, we discuss three fundamental problems in mentoring research. We propose working definitions and theoretical premises to overcome these problems. We apply various systemic concepts to the field of mentoring that might help to resolve the mentoring paradox. We introduce mentees’ actiotopes and their interaction with other systems as the unit of analysis, and the regulations for which mentors are responsible for in the context of mentoring as the categories of analysis. To systemize and elaborate on the regulatory dimensions of mentoring, we introduce the nonagonal framework of regulation in mentoring (NFR‐M). To facilitate the analysis of ongoing changes caused by mentoring and therefore a dynamic understanding of mentoring, we introduce the concept of spaces of possibilities in mentoring (M‐spaces). Finally, we introduce the concepts of the Athena Mentor to explain why mentors can differ so dramatically in the effectiveness of the regulations they are responsible for in the context of mentoring. We conclude by describing how mentoring comparisons based on the NFR‐M, mentors’ regulatory insight, regulatory power, and M‐spaces can help to resolve the mentoring paradox.
Targeting the β‐adrenergic receptor in the clinical management of congenital long QT syndrome
Authors: Saadeh Khalil , Shivkumar Kalyanam , Jeevaratnam Kamalan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe long QT syndrome (LQTS) is largely treated pharmacologically with β‐blockers, despite the role of sympathetic activity in LQTS being poorly understood. Using the trigger–substrate model of cardiac arrhythmias in this review, we amalgamate current experimental and clinical data from both animal and human studies to explain the mechanism of adrenergic stimulation and blockade on LQT arrhythmic risk and hence assess the efficacy of β‐adrenoceptor blockade in the management of LQTS. In LQTS1 and LQTS2, sympathetic stimulation increases arrhythmic risk by enhancing early afterdepolarizations and transmural dispersion of repolarization. β‐Blockers successfully reduce cardiac events by reducing these triggers and substrates; however, these effects are less marked in LQTS2 compared with LQTS1. In LQTS3, clinical and experimental investigations of the effects of sympathetic stimulation and β‐blocker use have produced contradictory findings, resulting in significant clinical uncertainty. We offer explanations for these contradicting results relating to study sample size, the dose of the β‐blocker administered associated with its off‐target Na+ channel effects, as well as the type of β‐blocker used. We conclude that the antiarrhythmic efficacy of β‐blockers is a genotype‐specific phenomenon, and hence the use of β‐blockers in clinical practice should be genotype dependent.
Surgical Treatment and Rehabilitation for Hoffa Fracture Nonunion: Two Case Reports and a Literature Review
Authors: Zhang Peng , Zhang Xiu‐zhen , Tao Fu‐lin , Li Qing‐hu , Zhou Dong‐sheng , Liu Fan‐xiao 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundA coronal fracture of the distal femoral condyle, known as a Hoffa fracture, seldom occurs and is easy to misdiagnose. Surgery treatment, including open anatomic reduction and internal fixation, is the primary method of treatment. However, cases involving nonunion are extremely rare.Case PresentationWe reported two cases in a 56‐year‐old female who visited our outpatient clinic with complaints of locking sensation, swelling, and pain, and a 64‐year‐old male patient who need additional care after having undergone surgery for a distal femur fracture. They presented with nonunion ofa Hoffa fracture (Letenneur type II), and these cases of nonunion were resolved surgically with debridement, two cannulated lag screws, a lateral extra‐articular buttress plate, and the liberal use of autologous bone grafts. After surgery, the two patients were allowed to bear partial weight and perform exercises. They were allowed to walk with full weight‐bearing after 3 months. No early complications, such as infection and loss of reduction, were noted after the revision surgery. At the one‐year follow‐up, both patients had excellent function and reported minimal pain, with a Lysholm score of 94.ConclusionsOur case reports highlight the importance of the liberal use of autologous bone grafts, which allow stable reconstruction of the affected femoral condyle, thereby restoring joint congruence. A lateral extra‐articular buttress plate in combination with two cannulated lag screws is recommended for nonunion in Hoffa fracture patients, and they need to be closely followed up to detect complications promptly, especially those related to nonunion.
Gloria Anzaldúa as philosopher: The early years (1962–1987)
Authors: Alessandri Mariana 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIt's time that philosophers read Gloria Anzaldúa as a philosopher. Scholars have been hinting at it for some time, but in describing her they still tend to choose the terms “theorist,” “feminist,” and “thinker” instead of “philosopher.” Anzaldúa fits into all of these categories, but from her notes, we know that Anzaldúa also thought of herself as a philosopher. In 2002, for instance, she called herself a “feminist‐visionary‐spiritual‐activist‐poet‐philosopher fiction writer.” This essay argues that we should grant Anzaldúa's wish to be considered a philosopher in addition to the other appellations, and focuses on works that she read and wrote in the first half of her scholarly career, including the publication ofBorderlands/La Fronterain 1987. The evidence for the claim that Anzaldúa thought of herself as a philosopher is mostly archival, but some of it also appears in her published works. Once philosophers explicitly begin to recognize Anzaldúa as a philosopher, comparisons between her and other already recognized philosophers will become fuller and bear more fruit.
Theory‐of‐mind during childhood: Investigating syntactic and executive contributions
Authors: Burnel Morgane , Durrleman Stéphanie , Reboul Anne , Carré Arnaud , Baciu Monica , Perrone‐Bertolotti Marcela 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBoth syntax and Executive Functions (EF) are involved in Theory‐of‐Mind (ToM) but their contributory roles have mainly been studied separately. Moreover, researchers have mostly administered False Belief (FB) tasks while they may not be representative of all ToM abilities. Studies of adults give valuable information regarding whether syntax and EF are useful for ToM reasoning (i.e.,Reasoningaccount), however, only the study of children brings direct evidence in favor of ToM emergence (i.e.,Emergenceaccount). Also, because the ToM tasks used often entail verbal and executive demands, the links observed could mostly result from such confounds (i.e.,Expressionaccount). We evaluated ToM, syntactic and EF abilities in 126 children (3‐11 y.o.) using a set of ToM tasks with minimal verbal and executive demands. Our goals were to assess (1) the hierarchical contribution of syntax and EF to ToM, (2) whether results previously obtained for FB tasks are representative of ToM in general, (3) whether the ToM‐syntax and ToM‐EF links are constant (i.e.,Reasoningaccount) or decrease during development (i.e.,Emergenceaccounts). Results of stepwise regression analyses showed a predominant role of syntax over EF to predict ToM abilities. The comparison of results for ToM and FB tasks showed that FB is not always representative of ToM. Finally, there was no moderating effect of age on the syntax‐ToM or EF‐ToM relations, thus suggestive of theReasoningaccount rather than theEmergenceaccount.
Toward integrating research on parent–child emotion talk and linguistic theory: A spotlight on parents’ (in)direct communication
Authors: Hernandez Erika , Carmichael Katie , Dunsmore Julie C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractParent–child discussions about emotion are a key socialization influence on children’s socio‐emotional development. Extant research on parent–child discussions about emotion largely focuses on three main types of discourse content: parental elaboration, parental use of emotion labels and explanations, and parental emotion coaching. A new direction involves distinguishing between parents’ direct and indirect communication of discourse content. This distinction may be vital when considering the role of children’s communicative competence in their developing socio‐emotional competence. We integrate literature on (in)direct communication, a concept prominent in linguistics, and emotion socialization. We argue that parental indirect communication can teach children communicative competence in the context of emotion talk. We discuss literature from the developmental and linguistic fields on parents’ teaching of communicative skills, as well as potential cognitive, relational, and emotional functions of indirectness, with communication and its socialization embedded within cultural context. Finally, we suggest new research directions examining the role of parental indirect communication in children’s socio‐emotional development. By integrating developmental and linguistic literatures, we provide a novel approach to the study of parental emotion socialization through parent–child discourse.
On the identification of cohesive zone model for curved crack in mortar
Authors: Vargas R. , Tsitova A. , Bernachy‐Barbe F. , Bary B. , Canto R. B. , Hild F. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes an approach to defining the path of a curved crack in a single‐edge notched specimen with gray level residuals extracted from digital image correlation, followed by the calibration of the parameters of a cohesive zone model. Only the experimental force is used in the cost function minimized via finite element model updating. The displacement and gray level residual fields allow for the validation of the calibrated parameters. Last, the results are confronted with those given by a straight crack to highlight the benefits of accounting for the actual crack path.
The extent of chloroquine underdosing in adult patients with malaria by Plasmodium vivax from an endemic area of the Brazilian Amazon basin
Authors: Valéria Dias Ferreira Michelle , Gabryelle Nunes Cardoso Mello Amanda , Sena Luann Wendel Pereira , Regina Matos Lopes Tamyris , Luiz Fernandes Vieira José 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the extent of chloroquine underdosing and to measure the concentrations of chloroquine and desethylchloroquine in adult patients with P. vivax malaria in the Brazilian Amazon basin.MethodsProspective study of cases in male adult patients with malaria by Plasmodium vivax treated with a total dose of 1500 mg chloroquine over three days and a short course of primaquine. Patients were weighed at admission, and the dose per mg/kg was determined. Blood samples were collected at 24 and 168 h after enrolment, and the concentrations of chloroquine and desethylchloroquine were measured in plasma by high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.ResultsOf 61 patients were included in the study, and 60% received a total dose of chloroquine below 25 mg/kg. Plasma chloroquine concentrations ranged from 90 to 184 ng/ml and from 175 to 827 ng/ml at 24 and 168 hours. For desethylchloroquine, the values ranged from 32 to 144 ng/ml and from 90 to 440 ng/ml at 24 and 168 h. There were no significant correlations between the plasma levels of chloroquine and the doses administered (mg/kg) at 24 and 196 h. Similar results were found for desethylchloroquine.ConclusionThere is widespread suboptimal dosing of chloroquine that is probably due to the dosing regimen based on patient age, which reduces the drug exposure with a possible influence on parasite clearance.
WRKY42 transcription factor positively regulates leaf senescence through modulating SA and ROS synthesis inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Niu Fangfang , Cui Xing , Zhao Peiyu , Sun Mengting , Yang Bo , Deyholos Michael K. , Li Ye , Zhao Xinjie , Jiang Yuan‐Qing 
Published: July 2020

SUMMARYLeaf senescence represents the final stage of leaf growth and development, and its onset and progression are strictly regulated; however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study we found thatWRKY42was highly induced during leaf senescence. Loss‐of‐functionwrky42mutants showed delayed leaf senescence whereas the overexpression ofWRKY42accelerated senescence. Transcriptome analysis revealed 2721 differentially expressed genes between wild‐type andWRKY42‐overexpressing plants, including genes involved in salicylic acid (SA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis as well as several senescence‐associated genes (SAGs). Moreover, WRKY42 activated the transcription ofisochorismate synthase 1(ICS1),respiratory burst oxidase homolog F(RbohF) and a few SAG genes. Consistently, the expression of these genes was reduced inwrky42mutants but was markedly increased in transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressingWRKY42. Bothin vitroelectrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) andin vivochromatin immunoprecipitation and dual luciferase assays demonstrated that WRKY42 directly bound to the promoters ofICS1andRbohF, as well as a fewSAGs, to activate their expression. Genetic analysis further showed that mutations ofICS1andRbohFsuppressed the early senescence phenotype evoked byWRKY42overexpression. Thus, we have identified WRKY42 as a novel transcription factor positively regulating leaf senescence by directly activating the transcription ofICS1,RbohFandSAGs, without any seed yield penalty.
Daudi cell stroma: An alternative to dithiothreitol to resolve daratumumab interference in pretransfusion testing
Authors: Tremblay Tony , Branch Donald R. , Loubaki Lionel 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundTreatment of red blood cells with dithiothreitol (DTT) or trypsin effectively denatures CD38; however, this treatment damages other antigens, some of which are of clinical importance. Thus, other avenues to deplete daratumumab (DARA) from plasma samples should be explored.Study Design and MethodsThe Daudi B‐cell line was found to express high levels of CD38 and was sonicated in a sonication buffer to achieve complete cell lysis. The resulting stroma preparation was centrifuged at 20 000g for 20 minutes and then mixed with 250 μL of DARA–plasma and incubated for 10 minutes at 37°C. The stroma–DARA–plasma mixture was centrifuged again, and the supernatant was collected and subjected to four additional rounds of adsorption with fresh stroma. DARA‐depleted plasma was tested by gel indirect antiglobulin test (IAT).ResultsCD38 expression on Daudi cells was confirmed by flow cytometry. Gel IAT analysis showed that the incubation of plasma from DARA‐treated patients with Daudi cells stroma resulted in a significant depletion of DARA but allowing detection of other alloantibodies of interest such as anti‐K, anti‐Yta, and anti‐Gya.ConclusionsDaudi cell stroma is inexpensive, easy to prepare in large batches, and can be used as an off‐the‐shelf reagent. Incubation of plasma from DARA‐treated patients with Daudi cell stroma can efficiently overcome DARA interference in serologic testing without affecting DTT‐ or trypsin‐sensitive antigens.
Nurses’ provisions for self-determination when caring for clients with cognitive impairment who live in a residential aged care facility: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Morris Patricia , McCloskey Rose , Keeping-Burke Lisa , Manley Allison 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this scoping review is to examine and map knowledge of nursing provisions for self-determination while providing care to clients with cognitive impairment in residential aged care facilities.

Introduction:
Maintaining the ability to have choices and to make decisions about daily activities is important for older adults. In residential aged care facilities, nurses’ can be challenged to preserve clients’ self-determination in favor of ritualistic care routines and a perceived duty to care. Moreover, nurses may perceive that their professional responsibilities to protect clients requires them to guard against decisions that are considered unwise or pose a risk to clients’ health or safety. Insight into how nurses negotiate choice with clients with cognitive impairment who are living in a residential care facility will provide an in-depth understanding of the role self-determination plays in clients’ lives.

Inclusion criteria:
The scoping review will consider research and narrative reports on nursing provisions for self-determination in clients with cognitive impairment who are living in a residential aged care facility. The concepts of interest are self-determination and nursing provisions. Self-determination is defined as client choice and nursing provisions are the intentional reactions to clients’ expressed choices.

Methods:
This scoping review will aim to locate published and unpublished literature employing a three-step search strategy. Only papers published in English from 1995 onward will be included. Data extracted from included papers will outline details on the participants, context, strategy, activity, and outcomes. Extracted data will be reported in a tabular form and presented narratively to address the review objective.
Calculation of Dynamical Phase Diagram in U-Zr Binary System Under Irradiation
Authors: Lu Yong , Jiang Zheng , Li Linyang , Wang Cuiping , Guo Yihui , Han Jiajia , Liu Xingjun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
By taking into account the ballistic mixing caused by recoil implantation and cascade collision, a model that describing effective free energy for alloys under irradiation from the perspective of diffusion equilibrium was used to study the effect of irradiation-induced defects on phase stability in U-Zr binary system. Based on the effective free energy model and the thermodynamic model, dynamical phase diagrams of U-Zr alloy under different irradiation intensities were calculated, and the differences between the dynamical phase diagram and thermodynamic equilibrium phase diagram (TEPD) were discussed. The obtained results indicate that, under irradiation, the high-temperature stable γ(U, Zr) phase can be stabilized resulting in two invariant reactions at low temperature, which could be ascribed to the domination of irradiation-induced ballistic mixing.