bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation on foam formation through deformable porous media
Authors: Graziano Raffaele , Preziosi Valentina , Tomaiuolo Giovanna , Braeckman Karl , Guido Stefano 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFoam formation in porous media is a topic of growing scientific and industrial interest due to its range of applications, from daily life consumer products to oil recovery. Despite the work done so far on foams flowing through complex structures, such as rigid porous media, this subject still needs to be fully elucidated. An additional complexity to the problem arises when the porous medium is deformable, a situation which has only been faced, to our knowledge, from a modelling point of view. In this work, the investigation of foam formation in deformable porous media is carried out by using commercial sponges as a deformable porous media system, with special emphasis on the effect of confinement on foam bubble size distribution. Foam is formed by wetting the sponge with an aqueous surfactant solution and then squeezing the sponge either between two glass cover slides or between a plastic net and a cover slide. Our experimental data reveal that the latter system allows the formation of drier foams (ie, with lower liquid fraction, fL < 0.3), more similar to the ones obtained in dish‐washing applications. Moreover, the effect of sponge type, in terms of material and microstructure, on final foam is presented. Our results are of potential interest for the optimization of foams in complex structures, such as in deformable porous media.
The predictive value of a concise classification of left atrial appendage morphology to thrombosis in non‐valvular atrial fibrillation patients
Authors: He Jionghong , Fu Zenan , Yang Long , Liu Wei , Tian Ye , Liu Qifang , Jiang Zhi , Tian Longhai , Huang Jing , Tian Shui , Zhao Yidong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe complexity of left atrial appendage (LAA) in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) is closely related to LAA thrombosis and stroke incidence. But the classification of LAA morphology is not uniform and controversial.HypothesisThis study divided the LAA into two categories according to the LAA morphology to investigate the risk of thrombosis related to the LAA structural complexity in NVAF patients.MethodsA total of 336 NVAF patients were enrolled continuously in this study. The patients were divided into thrombosis group and non‐thrombosis group according to whether the thrombus presence in LAA. Through computer LAA three‐dimensional reconstruction, LAA morphology was divided into the complex type and simple type according to with or without the clearly lobulated structure judged by imaging experts. The relationship between LAA thrombosis and various potential risk factors was analyzed.ResultsA total of 19 potential risk factors for LAA thrombosis in NVAF patients were enrolled into statistical analysis. The coincidence rate of LAA morphology classification was 96.4% (324/336) between two imaging experts. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that complex LAA morphology (OR 4.168, 95% CI 1.871‐9.288,P< .001) was associated with the presence of LAA thrombus, independently of other enrolled risks.ConclusionsIt is a concise and reliable method to divide the LAA morphology into complex type and simple type according to whether with the clearly lobulated structure. The complex LAA is an independent risk factor for LAA thrombosis in NVAF patients.
Categorical face perception in fish: How a fish brain warps reality to dissociate “same” from “different”
Authors: Parker Amira N. , Wallis Guy M. , Obergrussberger Rainer , Siebeck Ulrike E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCategorical perception (CP) is the phenomenon by which a smoothly varying stimulus property undergoes a nonlinear transformation during processing in the brain. Consequently, the stimuli are perceived as belonging to distinct categories separated by a sharp boundary. Originally thought to be largely innate, the discovery of CP in tasks such as novel image discrimination has piqued the interest of cognitive scientists because it provides compelling evidence that learning can shape a category's perceptual boundaries. CP has been particularly closely studied in human face perception. In nonprimates, there is evidence for CP for sound and color discrimination, but not for image or face discrimination. Here, we investigate the potential for learned CP in a lower vertebrate, the damselfish Pomacentrus amboinensis. Specifically, we tested whether the ability of these fish to discriminate complex facial patterns tracked categorical rather than metric differences in the stimuli. We first trained the fish to discriminate sets of two facial patterns. Next, we morphed between these patterns and determined the just noticeable difference (JND) between a morph and original image. Finally, we tested for CP by analyzing the discrimination ability of the fish for pairs of JND stimuli along the spectrum of morphs between two original images. Discrimination performance was significant for the image pair straddling the boundary between categories, and chance for equivalent stimulus pairs on either side, thus producing the classic “category boundary” effect. Our results reveal how perception can be influenced in a top‐down manner even in the absence of a visual cortex.
Multi‐Structure Hollow Nanofibers: Controlled Synthesis and Photocatalytic Applications
Authors: Liu Jing , Liu Xiaofeng , Li Dianming , Yue Guichu , Li Huaike , Li Shuai , Gao Songwei , Wang Nü , Cui Zhimin , Bai Jie , Zhao Yong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSolar‐driven semiconductor photocatalysts for solving global energy shortage and environmental pollution have attracted massive attention. Multi‐structure hollow nanofibers (MSHFs) photocatalyst offers many advantages, including abundant surface area for multiple light harvesting and interface redox reaction, heterostructured thin shell for expediting charge separation and transportation and large length‐diameter ratio for easily recycling. Herein, we summarize the latest development of MSHFs materials in terms of controlled synthesis approaches and applications in photocatalysis. The synthetic strategies are mainly classified into two categories, containing templating method and electrospinning approach. These MSHFs have wide applications in H2 production, CO2 reduction, organic compound degradation and dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). To the end of the review, perspectives on the future research and development of MSHFs are also discussed.
A Series of Manganese(III) Salen Complexes as a Result of Team‐Based Inquiry in a Transnational Education Programme
Authors: Yuan Danlei , Cai Ningqi , Xu Jingxi , Miao Danyang , Zhang Sheng , Woodfine Sian E. , Plana Daniela , Hawes Chris S. , Watkinson Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe development of a team‐based approach to research‐led transnational practical chemistry teaching is described in which a team of five Chinese students on an articulated transnational degree programme, supported by a team of academic and technical staff, carried out a study examining the structural chemistry of a series of manganese(III) salen complexes. A series of four crystallographically characterized manganese(III) salen complexes with ancillary carboxylate ligands are reported here. The carboxylate coordination modes range from the bridging syn‐anti μ2‐κO : κO′ mode observed in the predominant cyclohexanoate and isobutyrate species, to a capping terminal monodentate mode for the adamantanoate species, and an unusual mixture of bridging and terminal coordination modes observed in a second minor phase of the cyclohexanoate species. The variation on extended structures based on the weakly interacting aliphatic backbones may provide a useful basis for further structural studies.
Supersaturation Dependent Separation of Vanillin Polymorphs from Aqueous Solution in the Presence of Ni‐Foam as Template
Authors: Sundareswaran Supriya , Karuppannan Srinivasan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA unique approach of employing heterogeneous templates for the polymorphic nucleation of vanillin is investigated for the first time using swift cooling crystallization process. The template surface with respect to the intense of supersaturation imparts great difference on the nucleation and morphology of vanillin polymorphs. Thus using Ni‐foam as a novel metal template, both the stable and metastable polymorphs of vanillin are isolated via template‐induced heterogeneous nucleation. The introduction of template plays dual role that induces the nucleation of rare metastable polymorph of vanillin and controls the liquid–liquid phase separation. Moreover, the internal structures and thermal behaviors of the obtained polymorphs are carefully characterized using powder X‐ray diffraction, single crystal X‐ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry analyses, respectively. As a result, the template‐induced heterogeneous nucleation is observed to be a favorable technique for the separation of polymorphic forms of vanillin.
Frequency response of the vocal tract considering the glottis opening area during human whistling
Authors: Mori Mikio , Fukuda Saki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhistling has become more popular in recent years. “Whistling competitions” are being held in Japan since 2005. However, it can be difficult to teach some people how to whistle. One of the reasons is that theoretical information, including clear descriptions about how to whistle is scant. A better understanding of the principle would be beneficial to both the trainer and the trainee. In this study, the glottis opening area during whistling was measured via endoscopic imaging data. The amplitude characteristics of the vocal tract were determined by measuring the glottis opening area during whistling and calculating the transfer function of the vocal tract in conjunction with that area. By considering the glottis opening area, we could logically explain the fact that, in reality, some notes corresponding to theoretically calculated resonance frequencies did not occur, and we could obtain a calculation result that was close to the physical model. Furthermore, because the calculation result close to the physical model was only associated with certain glottis opening areas, it is evident that not only the shape of the vocal tract and the lip opening area, but also the glottis opening area is an important component of sound production during human whistling.
Development of heat dissipation multilayer media for magnetic hologram memory
Authors: Nakamura Yuichi , Lim Pang Boey , Goto Taichi , Uchida Hironaga , Inoue Mitsuteru 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHolographic memory is a strong candidate for next‐generation optical storage with high recording densities and data transfer rates, and magnetic hologram memory using a magnetic garnet, as the recording material, is expected to be used as a rewritable and stable storage technology. We succeeded in recording and reconstruction of two‐dimensional data in magnetic hologram without error. However, the diffraction efficiency is insufficiently high for actual storage devices. To increase the diffraction efficiency, it is important to record deep magnetic fringes, whereas the merging of fringes due to the excess heat near the medium surface generated during the thermomagnetic recording process must be suppressed. To avoid this merge of fringes, we proposed a multilayered structure in which the magnetic layers are divided by the transparent heat dissipation layers (HDL) to control the heat diffusion. In this study, we propose a simple thermal design method for designing the HDL multilayer structure. Using this model, we designed and fabricated an HDL multilayer medium in which the recording magnetic layers are discrete in the film. The HDL multilayer medium exhibited diffraction efficiency higher than that of the single‐layer medium, and error‐free recording and reconstruction were achieved using the magnetic assist technique.
Biotic filtering of northern temperate tree seedling emergence in beyond‐range field experiments
Authors: Evans Piers , Crofts Anna L. , Brown Carissa D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractChanging climatic regimes are causing increasing temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and are subsequently expected to impact the spatial distribution of species. The distribution of plants at the scale of continents broadly conforms to the climatological regimes at play; however, in scaling down to the regional and landscape context, the influence of climate becomes confounded by complex and interacting biotic and abiotic factors. These factors have often been cited as important variables in determining the locations of biome overlap, including the boreal forest–temperate forest ecotone (BTE). The BTE exists as a broad latitudinal swath between the boreal and temperate forest biomes in the eastern half of North America. While the impact of non‐climatic factors on the location of the BTE has been investigated within the ecotone, few studies focus on how these same factors are shaping the colonization of the southern boreal forest by northern temperate tree species as part of a potential northward shift of the BTE. The effects of seed and seedling herbivory, substrate composition, microclimate, and canopy composition on seedling emergence of four northern temperate tree species were investigated in a beyond‐range seeding experiment spanning the southern portion of the island of Newfoundland, Canada. To represent a range of temperate tree reproductive strategies, we examined two small‐seeded tree species, Betula alleghaniensis and Thuja occidentalis, and two tree species with large seeds relative to typical boreal forest species, Acer saccharum and Fraxinus nigra. The results of this experiment show a reproductive strategy‐dependent emergence response; large seeds and seedlings appear more vulnerable to predation, while small seeds are more vulnerable to smothering by leaf litter. Canopies with greater representation of deciduous species posed a significant barrier to small seeds that produce small seedlings, while the food‐rich reward of the larger seeds made for attractive targets to granivorous vertebrates. This work represents a rare glimpse at the challenges northern temperate tree species will face if they are to colonize the southern boreal forest and track changing climates as is broadly expected.
Past and present disturbances generate spatial variation in seed predation
Authors: Bartel Savannah L. , Orrock John L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSeed survival is a key process for plant populations; variation in the activity and abundance of animals that consume seeds can lead to dramatic shifts in seed fate. Because granivores may respond to contemporary disturbance as well as to enduring changes in habitats caused by past disturbances, understanding seed fate requires studies capable of evaluating how past and present disturbances modify granivore communities, foraging activity, and ultimately, seed predation. Historic agricultural land use and contemporary canopy harvesting are widespread disturbances that could generate large‐scale patterns of seed fate by modifying environmental characteristics that determine granivore identity and behavior. To evaluate whether land‐use history and canopy harvesting affect seed–animal interactions, we conducted an experiment distributed across 80,000 ha of longleaf pine woodlands that coupled large‐scale canopy harvesting at seven 4‐ha sites containing both post‐agricultural land use and nonagricultural land use in South Carolina, United States. We deployed a total of 28,000 nail‐tagged seeds and recovered the tags to quantify seed fate. Past agricultural land use and contemporary canopy harvesting interacted to affect the rate of seed predation. Seed predation rates in harvested sites depended on land‐use history: Seed predation was 30% lower in post‐agricultural plots than in nonagricultural plots. This interaction was driven by the differential effect of land‐use history and canopy harvesting on rodent activity. Camera traps revealed thatSigmodon hispidusonly foraged in harvested plots and was most active in nonagricultural plots. In harvested plots, seed removal increased withS. hispidusactivity. In unharvested plots, seed removal increased withSciurus nigeractivity, butS. nigerwas not affected by land‐use history. In finding that land‐use history and canopy harvesting determine the outcomes of seed–animal interactions, we show that understanding patterns of seed predation is contingent upon the interplay of disturbances in both the distant past and recent past. These results suggest that patterns of past land use and present land use may help reconcile the considerable variation in seed fate observed in ecological communities.
Echocardiographic assessment of insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐7 and early identification of acute heart failure
Authors: Kalayci Arzu , Peacock W. Frank , Nagurney John T. , Hollander Judd E. , Levy Phillip D. , Singer Adam J. , Shapiro Nathan I. , Cheng Richard K. , Cannon Chad M. , Blomkalns Andra L. , Walters Elizabeth L. , Christenson Robert H. , Chen‐Tournoux Annabel , Nowak Richard M. , Lurie Mark D. , Pang Peter S. , Kastner Peter , Masson Serge , Gibson C. Michael , Gaggin Hanna K. , Januzzi Jr James L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsConcentrations of insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐7 (IGFBP7) have been linked to abnormal cardiac structure and function in patients with chronic heart failure (HF), but cardiovascular correlates of the biomarker in patients with more acute presentations are lacking.We aimed to determine the relationship between IGFBP7 concentrations and cardiac structure and to evaluate the impact of IGFBP7 on the diagnosis of acute HF among patients with acute dyspnoea.Methods and resultsIn this pre‐specified subgroup analysis of the International Collaborative of N‐terminal pro‐B‐type Natriuretic Peptide Re‐evaluation of Acute Diagnostic Cut‐Offs in the Emergency Department (ICON‐RELOADED) study, we included 271 patients with and without acute HF. All patients presented to an emergency department with acute dyspnoea, had blood samples for IGFBP7 measurement, and detailed echocardiographic evaluation.Higher IGFBP7 concentrations were associated with numerous cardiac abnormalities, including increased left atrial volume index (LAVi; r = 0.49, P < 0.001), lower left ventricular ejection fraction (r = −0.27, P < 0.001), lower right ventricular fractional area change (r = −0.31, P < 0.001), and higher tissue Doppler E/e′ ratio (r = 0.44, P < 0.001). In multivariable linear regression analyses, increased LAVi (P = 0.01), lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (P = 0.008), higher body mass index (P = 0.001), diabetes (P = 0.009), and higher concentrations of amino‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP, P = 0.02) were independently associated with higher IGFBP7 concentrations regardless of other variables. Furthermore, IGFBP7 (odds ratio = 12.08, 95% confidence interval 2.42–60.15, P = 0.02) was found to be independently associated with the diagnosis of acute HF in the multivariable logistic regression analysis.ConclusionsAmong acute dyspnoeic patients with and without acute HF, increased IGFBP7 concentrations are associated with a range of cardiac structure and function abnormalities. Independent association with increased LAVi suggests elevated left ventricular filling pressure is an important trigger for IGFBP7 expression and release. IGFBP7 may enhance the diagnosis of acute HF.
Monitoring events with application to syndromic surveillance using social media data
Authors: Sparks Ross , Joshi Aditya , Paris Cecile , Karimi Sarvnaz , MacIntyre C. Raina 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAvailability of time series data in different domains has resulted in approaches for outbreak detection. A popular alternative to detect outbreaks is to use daily counts of events. However, time between events (TBE) has proven to be a useful alternative, especially in the case of sudden, unexpected events. Past work that uses TBE for monitoring events assumes that the in‐control number of events is up to 10 per day. In this article, we derive robust monitoring plans that are scalable when the in‐control counts are higher than 10 per day but less than 100 per counting period (eg, day). TBE values are generally nonhomogeneous across days and within days. This makes the volume of data to train the technology a challenge, and this challenge increases the volume of data needed to design the charts. This article discusses these challenges and suggests solutions for data that are known to be Weibull‐distributed. We present our results in two parts. The first is a simulated dataset that controls parameters of the plan such as the daily counts of events. We then show how the monitoring plans can be applied to the detection of syndromes (ie, disease outbreaks) using social media
data.
Experimental study of the permeability of fractured sandstone under complex stress paths
Authors: Zhang Yu , Wang Lu , Li Hao , Zhang Yan , Fu Guangming 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOil and gas are main storage resources in the pores and fractures of rocks. Under a complex stress environment, the permeability evolution of the reservoir rock fracture directly affects the flow of oil and gas, which is important in oil and gas exploration and development. The permeability test of a single sample in complex stress paths was performed on intact sandstone, single‐fractured sandstone, and double‐fractured sandstone using high‐precision hydro‐mechanics‐coupled triaxial experimental equipment to study the permeability evolution of fractured sandstone. The experimental schemes of the permeability tests are as follows: (a) under increasing confining pressure; (b) under increasing liquid pressure; (c) under cyclic loading and unloading deviatoric stress; and (d) under increasing confining pressure and deviatoric stress synchronously. Results show that liquid flow on fractured sandstone can be regarded as laminar flow with low velocity. The permeability and stress sensitivity levels of the fractured sandstone are higher than those of the intact sandstone. The permeability decreases in a negative exponential manner when the confining pressure increases but increases in a positively exponential manner when the liquid pressure increases. The increase in the deviatoric stress decreases the permeability, whereas unloading increases the permeability. The entire evolution of permeability is irreversibly reduced. As the confining pressure and deviatoric stress increase synchronously, the permeability decreases, and the decrease rate tends to be stable. These results can provide an important basis for prediction of the permeability evolution of fractured sandstone and for efficient oil and gas exploitation.