bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FE-SEM Characterization of α-Mannose Density and Surface Mapping Changes in Human Sperm Head During In Vitro Capacitation
Authors: Gómez-Torres María José , Robles-Gómez Laura , Huerta-Retamal Natalia , Sáez-Espinosa Paula , Avilés Manuel , Aizpurua Jon , Romero Alejandro 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
OPPOSING AND POLICING RACIAL INTEGRATION
Authors: Kurwa Rahim 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOver fifty years after the passage of the Fair Housing Act, how have mechanisms of residential segregation changed? Using a case study of a Los Angeles suburb’s reaction to Black movement through the federal Housing Choice Voucher program, I argue that policing should be considered among the contemporary forces of residential segregation. Through interviews with forty-three local residents, I show how one community’s reaction to voucher movement spans from attitudes to actions. First, I document widespread hostility towards Black voucher holders on the basis of their race, gender, and participation in the voucher program. Second, I trace how the city’s municipal code changes have responded to public sentiment and created an incentive to participate in policing. By attaching fines and incentives for landlords to evict tenants to broadly written and subjective nuisance codes, the city has created a pathway by which local residents can pressure unwanted neighbors out of the community. Third, I illustrate how some residents engage in participatory policing by surveilling neighbors they believe are using vouchers and dispatching city and police agencies to inspect, fine, and possibly evict these targets. These findings illustrate how communities can use policing to racially segregate space, how eviction might be communally produced, and how local opposition to Black movement breaks the pathway between residential mobility and socio-economic gains that underlies the voucher program.
Ever failed. No matter. Try again. Fail again. Fail better: IR theory, utopia, and a failure to (re)imagine failure
Authors: Gabay Clive 
Published: October 2020

AbstractImportant scholarship in International Relations (IR) theory engages with the utopian tradition in order to render it ‘realistic’, whereby ‘failed’ utopian projects become necessarily unrealistic, and anti-political. The paper suggests such scholarship is informed by a narrow chronotic register, and a dichotomous ontology of chronos and kairos derived in part from the work of Karl Mannheim and E.H. Carr. As such, utopian scholarship in IR constructs a self-reinforcing relationship between change and realism, whereby only ‘realistic’ interventions can affect normatively desirable change, and therefore only interventions that are possible under current social and political conditions are normatively desirable. Drawing on the idea that the quest for utopia must always fail, the paper suggests that IR theory should be far more attuned to ‘failure’ than as simply a phenomenon that helps define the boundary between the realistic and unrealistic. The paper draws on non-canonical literatures from utopian studies and anarchism, to furnish an alternative ‘no-point’ form of utopianism that dissolves the chronos/kairos binary and thus engages neither in universalist and violent end-point, nor institutionally compromised ‘mid-range’ utopianism. This acts to reconceptualise ‘failure’ in excess of itself, a productive site for IR scholarship, and a political archive for movements and struggles to learn from.
Making Infrastructure ‘Visible’ in Environmental Law: The Belt and Road Initiative and Climate Change Friction
Authors: Bogojević Sanja , Zou Mimi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInfrastructure is often viewed through global and promotional lenses, particularly its role in creating market connectivity. However, infrastructure is heavily dependent on and constitutive of local spaces, where ‘frictions’, or disputes, emerge. Drawing on the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) as a case study, we examine in detail two cases of BRI-related climate change litigation – one in Pakistan, and one in Kenya – that shed light on the frictions arising from what is deemed the most significant transnational infrastructure project of our time. In doing so, this study demonstrates how infrastructure can be made more visible in environmental law and how environmental law itself provides an important mechanism for stabilizing friction in the places where infrastructure is located.
Determinants of Suicidal Ideation among Older Adults
Authors: Foroughan Mahshid , Rostami Mohammad , Jalal Younesi Seyed 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. This study examined the relationship of depression and life satisfaction with suicidal ideation among older Iranian adults. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 159 older adults in Tehran (73% community-residing, 60 years or older) participated. The data were gathered using the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and the Life Satisfaction Index-Z (LSIZ). According to the results, depression and life satisfaction are significantly related to suicidal ideation; the two variables predict 0.39% of the variance of suicidal ideation in older adults ( p < .01). The interaction between depression and life satisfaction is a stronger predictor of suicidal ideation in older adults than each of the variables alone.
On the Impact of a Streaming Oxygen Population on Collisionless Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Kolstø Håkon Midthun , Hesse Michael , Norgren Cecilia , Tenfjord Paul , Spinnangr Susanne Flø , Kwagala Norah 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUsing 2.5‐D Particle‐In‐Cell (PIC) simulations, we investigate how magnetotail reconnection is affected by a cold, streaming, oxygen plasma population, attributed to an ionospheric source, in the inflow region. As the tailward streaming oxygen reaches the current layer, a tailward motion of the reconnection site is induced. Due to the much longer cyclotron period of the oxygen ions, oxygen cannot couple as directly into the reconnection dynamics as protons. We find that the oxygen ions couple indirectly by means of impacting the electron dynamics. Therefore, a demagnetized species can, in fact, alter the dynamics of the reconnection site. We see further that the reconnection rate remains unchanged relative to a nonstreaming run. Our results may prove useful for understanding the development and dynamics of magnetospheric substorms and storms.
Hydrologic Properties of a Highly Permeable Firn Aquifer in the Wilkins Ice Shelf, Antarctica
Authors: Montgomery Lynn , Miège Clément , Miller Julie , Scambos Ted A. , Wallin Bruce , Miller Olivia , Solomon D. Kip , Forster Richard , Koenig Lora 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe present measurements of the density, hydraulic conductivity, and specific discharge of a widespread firn aquifer in Antarctica, within the Wilkins Ice Shelf. At the field site, the aquifer is 16.2 m thick, starting at 13.4 m from the snow surface and transitioning from water‐saturated firn to ice at 29.6 m. Hydraulic conductivity derived from slug tests show a geometric mean value of 1.4 ± 1.2 × 10−4 m s−1, equivalent to permeability of 2.6 ± 2.2 × 10−11 m2. A borehole dilution test indicates an average specific discharge value of 1.9 ± 2.8 × 10−6 m s−1. Ground‐penetrating radar profiles and a groundwater flow model show the aquifer is draining laterally into a large nearby rift. Our findings indicate that the firn aquifer in the vicinity of the field site is likely not in a steady state and its presence likely contributed to past ice shelf instability.
Intraseasonal Predictions for the South American Rainfall Dipole
Authors: Díaz Nicolás , Barreiro Marcelo , Rubido Nicolás 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe South American rainfall Dipole (SAD) is a renowned spatial structure present in the austral summer as part of the South American monsoon system. SAD phases have been related with extreme precipitations and severe droughts across South America, but are yet to be predicted. Here, we reveal two robust and reliable intraseasonal windows in the accumulated SAD index where we can forecast its quantile‐state between 5 to 15 and 60 to 70 days in advance (99% significance level). These windows are insensitive to variations in the pole's size and accumulation window, and results are consistent across different quantiles states (median, tercile, and quartile). Our method, which is based on analyzing the lagged mutual information between future and present states, could be used in the development of early warnings for extreme rainfall events. Moreover, it is unrestricted to the present analysis, being applicable to other stationary signals where a forecast is missing.
Identification of Potential Mantle Rocks Around the Lunar Imbrium Basin
Authors: Bretzfelder Jordan M. , Klima Rachel L. , Greenhagen Benjamin T. , Buczkowski Debra L. , Petro Noah E. , Day Mackenzie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBasin‐forming impacts expose material from deep within the interior of the Moon. Given the number of lunar basins, one would expect to find samples of the lunar mantle among those returned by the Apollo or Luna missions or within the lunar meteorite collection. However, only a few candidate mantle samples have been identified. Some remotely detected locations have been postulated to contain mantle‐derived material, but none are mineralogically consistent upon study with multiple techniques. To locate potential remnants of the lunar mantle, we searched for early‐crystallizing minerals using data from the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) and the Diviner Lunar Radiometer (Diviner). While the lunar crust is largely composed of plagioclase, the mantle should contain almost none. M3 spectra were used to identify massifs bearing mafic minerals and Diviner was used to constrain the relative abundance of plagioclase. Of the sites analyzed, only Mons Wolff was found to potentially contain mantle material.
Carbon Dioxide Emissions During the 2018 Kilauea Volcano Eruption Estimated Using OCO‐2 Satellite Retrievals
Authors: Johnson Matthew S. , Schwandner Florian M. , Potter Christopher S. , Nguyen Hai M. , Bell Emily , Nelson Robert R. , Philip Sajeev , O'Dell Christopher W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study applies Orbiting Carbon Observatory‐2 (OCO‐2) column‐averaged dry‐air mole fractions of CO2 (XCO2) to constrain CO2 fluxes during the 2018 Kilauea volcano eruption. CO2 enhancements (ΔXCO2) of 1–2 parts per million were observed far downwind of the eruption coincident with elevated sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentrations. The estimated CO2 emission rate was 77.1 ± 49.6 kilotons per day (kt day−1) on 11 July 2018 with most of the uncertainty from modeled winds and XCO2 retrievals. This emission rate is higher compared to flux estimates made with ground‐based measurements (30–40 kt day−1). However, cross‐sectional flux estimates made using OCO‐2 XCO2 observations will inherently be larger than ground‐based measurements near the source as these estimates comprise all sources of CO2 in the vicinity of the eruption (e.g., vegetation and soil burning). This study for the first time uses satellite XCO2 data ~200 km downwind to estimate CO2 emissions from a major volcanic eruption.
Hydroclimatic Controls on Salt Fluxes and Halite Deposition in the Dead Sea and the Shaping of “Salt Giants”
Authors: Sirota Ido , Ouillon Raphael , Mor Ziv , Meiburg Eckart , Enzel Yehouda , Arnon Ali , Lensky Nadav G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAs the only deep hypersaline, halite‐precipitating lake on Earth today, the Dead Sea is the single modern analog for investigating the mechanisms by which large‐scale and thick salt deposits, known as “salt giants”, have accreted in the geological record. We directly measure the hydroclimatic forcing and the physical limnologic processes leading to halite sedimentation, the vertical thermohaline structure, and salt fluxes in the Dead Sea. We demonstrate that changes in these forcing lead to strong seasonal and regional variations in the stratification stability ratio, triggering corresponding spatiotemporal variations in thermohaline staircase formation and diapycnal salt flux, and finally control the thickness of the halite layer deposited. The observed staircase formation is consistent with the mean‐field γ instability, causing layering in double‐diffusive convection. We show that double diffusion and thermohaline staircase formation drive the spatial variability of halite deposition in hypersaline water bodies, underlying and shaping “salt giants” basin architecture.
Enhanced Dehydration Weakening of Antigorite Driven by Slow Shear Heating: Insights From High‐Pressure Experiments With a Modified Apparatus Stiffness
Authors: Burdette Eric , Hirth Greg 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDeformation experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of apparatus stiffness on frictional stability during dehydration of antigorite. These experiments also provided a novel way to constrain relationships between fault slip rate and reaction weakening. Experiments were conducted at a confining pressure of 1 GPa using a Griggs apparatus with a modified loading column. During experiments, the temperature was ramped from 400°C to 700°C over 600 seconds, while deformation was imposed with varying load‐point displacement rates. No stick‐slip behavior was observed during the experiments, despite an order of magnitude lower apparatus stiffness, suggesting there are inherent differences in the frictional stability between low pressure (where stick‐slip is observed during dehydration) and high pressure experiments. Fault slip at high pressure may be stabilized by higher dehydration temperatures and higher shear stresses prior to the onset of dehydration reactions. In comparison to reference experiments conducted with an unmodified stiffness, the weakening rate during dehydration increases by a factor of two. In addition, the time (and therefore imposed temperature) at which the maximum weakening rate is observed decreases linearly with increasing maximum weakening rate. Microstructures in the deformed samples illustrate much greater reaction extents (locally >50%) relative to the reference experiments (<1%), with decreasing reaction extent away from the primary slip surfaces. These observations indicate that the dehydration reaction is enhanced by additional shear dissipation resulting from a tenfold increase in displacement per increment of weakening. The shear‐enhanced reaction mechanism could potentially generate runaway slip in subduction zone settings, leading to intermediate‐depth earthquakes.
DNA end resection and its role in DNA replication and DSB repair choice in mammalian cells
Authors: Zhao Fei , Kim Wootae , Kloeber Jake A. , Lou Zhenkun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDNA end resection has a key role in double-strand break repair and DNA replication. Defective DNA end resection can cause malfunctions in DNA repair and replication, leading to greater genomic instability. DNA end resection is initiated by MRN-CtIP generating short, 3′-single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). This newly generated ssDNA is further elongated by multiple nucleases and DNA helicases, such as EXO1, DNA2, and BLM. Effective DNA end resection is essential for error-free homologous recombination DNA repair, the degradation of incorrectly replicated DNA and double-strand break repair choice. Because of its importance in DNA repair, DNA end resection is strictly regulated. Numerous mechanisms have been reported to regulate the initiation, extension, and termination of DNA end resection. Here, we review the general process of DNA end resection and its role in DNA replication and repair pathway choice.
New directions for emerging therapies in acute myeloid leukemia: the next chapter
Authors: Daver Naval , Wei Andrew H. , Pollyea Daniel A. , Fathi Amir T. , Vyas Paresh , DiNardo Courtney D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractConventional therapy for acute myeloid leukemia is composed of remission induction with cytarabine- and anthracycline-containing regimens, followed by consolidation therapy, including allogeneic stem cell transplantation, to prolong remission. In recent years, there has been a significant shift toward the use of novel and effective, target-directed therapies, including inhibitors of mutant FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), the B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor venetoclax, and the hedgehog pathway inhibitor glasdegib. In older patients the combination of a hypomethylating agent or low-dose cytarabine, venetoclax achieved composite response rates that approximate those seen with standard induction regimens in similar populations, but with potentially less toxicity and early mortality. Preclinical data suggest synergy between venetoclax and FLT3- and IDH-targeted therapies, and doublets of venetoclax with inhibitors targeting these mutations have shown promising clinical activity in early stage trials. Triplet regimens involving the hypomethylating agent and venetoclax with FLT3 or IDH1/2 inhibitor, the TP53-modulating agent APR-246 and magrolimab, myeloid cell leukemia-1 inhibitors, or immune therapies such as CD123 antibody-drug conjugates and programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitors are currently being evaluated. It is hoped that such triplets, when applied in appropriate patient subsets, will further enhance remission rates, and more importantly remission durations and survival.
Age-related cerebral small vessel disease and inflammaging
Authors: Li Tiemei , Huang Yinong , Cai Wei , Chen Xiaodong , Men Xuejiao , Lu Tingting , Wu Aiming , Lu Zhengqi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe continued increase in global life expectancy predicts a rising prevalence of age-related cerebral small vessel diseases (CSVD), which requires a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. In recent years, the concept of “inflammaging” has attracted increasing attention. It refers to the chronic sterile low-grade inflammation in elderly organisms and is involved in the development of a variety of age-related chronic diseases. Inflammaging is a long-term result of chronic physiological stimulation of the immune system, and various cellular and molecular mechanisms (e.g., cellular senescence, immunosenescence, mitochondrial dysfunction, defective autophagy, metaflammation, gut microbiota dysbiosis) are involved. With the deepening understanding of the etiological basis of age-related CSVD, inflammaging is considered to play an important role in its occurrence and development. One of the most critical pathophysiological mechanisms of CSVD is endothelium dysfunction and subsequent blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage, which gives a clue in the identification of the disease by detecting circulating biological markers of BBB disruption. The regional analysis showed blood markers of vascular inflammation are often associated with deep perforating arteriopathy (DPA), while blood markers of systemic inflammation appear to be associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Here, we discuss recent findings in the pathophysiology of inflammaging and their effects on the development of age-related CSVD. Furthermore, we speculate the inflammaging as a potential target for future therapeutic interventions to delay or prevent the progression of the age-related CSVD.
Role of export industries on ozone pollution and its precursors in China
Authors: Ou Jiamin , Huang Zhijiong , Klimont Zbigniew , Jia Guanglin , Zhang Shaohui , Li Cheng , Meng Jing , Mi Zhifu , Zheng Heran , Shan Yuli , Louie Peter K. K. , Zheng Junyu , Guan Dabo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study seeks to estimate how global supply chain relocates emissions of tropospheric ozone precursors and its impacts in shaping ozone formation. Here we show that goods produced in China for foreign markets lead to an increase of domestic non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) emissions by 3.5 million tons in 2013; about 13% of the national total or, equivalent to half of emissions from European Union. Production for export increases concentration of NMVOCs (including some carcinogenic species) and peak ozone levels by 20–30% and 6–15% respectively, in the coastal areas. It contributes to an estimated 16,889 (3,839–30,663, 95% CI) premature deaths annually combining the effects of NMVOCs and ozone, but could be reduced by nearly 40% by closing the technology gap between China and EU. Export demand also alters the emission ratios between NMVOCs and nitrogen oxides and hence the ozone chemistry in the east and south coast.
Gene duplication drives genome expansion in a major lineage of Thaumarchaeota
Authors: Sheridan Paul O. , Raguideau Sebastien , Quince Christopher , Holden Jennifer , Zhang Lihong ,   Thames Consortium, Gaze William H. , Holden Jennifer , Mead Andrew , Raguideau Sebastien , Quince Christopher , Singer Andrew C. , Wellington Elizabeth M. H. , Zhang Lihong , Williams Tom A. , Gubry-Rangin Cécile 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAmmonia-oxidising archaea of the phylum Thaumarchaeota are important organisms in the nitrogen cycle, but the mechanisms driving their radiation into diverse ecosystems remain underexplored. Here, existing thaumarchaeotal genomes are complemented with 12 genomes belonging to the previously under-sampled Nitrososphaerales to investigate the impact of lateral gene transfer (LGT), gene duplication and loss across thaumarchaeotal evolution. We reveal a major role for gene duplication in driving genome expansion subsequent to early LGT. In particular, two large LGT events are identified into Nitrososphaerales and the fate of these gene families is highly lineage-specific, being lost in some descendant lineages, but undergoing extensive duplication in others, suggesting niche-specific roles. Notably, some genes involved in carbohydrate transport or coenzyme metabolism were duplicated, likely facilitating niche specialisation in soils and sediments. Overall, our results suggest that LGT followed by gene duplication drives Nitrososphaerales evolution, highlighting a previously under-appreciated mechanism of genome expansion in archaea.
SDE2 integrates into the TIMELESS-TIPIN complex to protect stalled replication forks
Authors: Rageul Julie , Park Jennifer J. , Zeng Ping Ping , Lee Eun-A , Yang Jihyeon , Hwang Sunyoung , Lo Natalie , Weinheimer Alexandra S. , Schärer Orlando D. , Yeo Jung-Eun , Kim Hyungjin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractProtecting replication fork integrity during DNA replication is essential for maintaining genome stability. Here, we report that SDE2, a PCNA-associated protein, plays a key role in maintaining active replication and counteracting replication stress by regulating the replication fork protection complex (FPC). SDE2 directly interacts with the FPC component TIMELESS (TIM) and enhances its stability, thereby aiding TIM localization to replication forks and the coordination of replisome progression. Like TIM deficiency, knockdown of SDE2 leads to impaired fork progression and stalled fork recovery, along with a failure to activate CHK1 phosphorylation. Moreover, loss of SDE2 or TIM results in an excessive MRE11-dependent degradation of reversed forks. Together, our study uncovers an essential role for SDE2 in maintaining genomic integrity by stabilizing the FPC and describes a new role for TIM in protecting stalled replication forks. We propose that TIM-mediated fork protection may represent a way to cooperate with BRCA-dependent fork stabilization.