bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravenous magnesium sulfate in the management of severe pre‐eclampsia: A randomized study of 12‐hour versus 24‐hour maintenance dose
Authors: Unwaha Emmanuel A. , Bello Folasade A. , Bello Oluwasomidoyin O. , Oladokun Adesina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of a 12‐hour versus 24‐hour intravenous maintenance dose of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) in women with pre‐eclampsia, and the maternal and fetal outcomes.MethodsThis was a randomized controlled trial conducted at the labor ward complex of University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria between May and August 2014. Pregnant women with severe pre‐eclampsia were randomized to receive a 12‐hour versus 24‐hour maintenance dose of MgSO4. Study outcomes were occurrence of seizures, adverse maternal effects, neonatal survival, and admission to the intensive care unit. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20.ResultsThere were 80 patients randomized to the 12‐hour (n=40) and 24‐hour (n=40) groups. The participants in the two groups had comparable demographic features. There was no significant difference (P>0.999) between the satisfactory maternal outcome following the 12‐hour maintenance dose and the standard 24‐hour regimen (95.0% vs 97.5%). Similarly, there was no significant difference (P=0.276) in perinatal mortality in the 12‐hour versus 24‐hour arm (17.5% vs 12.5%, respectively). No case of eclampsia and maternal death was recorded.ConclusionA 12‐hour maintenance dose of intravenous MgSO4 in the management of severe pre‐eclampsia is effective and safe when compared with the 24‐hour maintenance dose.
Using Dynamic Classes and Role Classes to Model Object Migration
Authors: Wieringa Roel , de Jonge Wiebren , Spruit Paul 
Published: December 2019

In this article, we argue that object‐oriented models must be able to represent three kinds of taxonomic structures: static classes, dynamic classes, and role classes, that behave differently with respect to object migration. If CAR is a static subclass of VEHICLE, then a vehicle that is not a car can never migrate to the CAR subclass. On the other hand, if EMPIoyee is a dynamic subclass of the PERSON object class, then a PERSON that is not an employee may migrate to EMP. In both cases, an instance of the subclass is identical to an instance of the superclass. By contrast, if EMP is modeled as a role class of PERSON, then every employee differs from every person, but a PERSON instance can acquire one or more EMP instances as roles. The distinctions between the three kinds of classes are orthogonal, so that we can have, for example, dynamic subclass of object or role classes, or role classes of dynamic or static classes.The article is divided into two parts. In the first, informal part, we present an analysis of the differences between the three kinds of classes and motivate their utility by a number of examples. We argue that the inheritance of object life cycles is downward in the static class hierarchy and upward in the dynamic class hierarchy. We summarize this analysis by giving a number of modeling heuristics that can be used to make sound modeling decisions, and we compare our approach to class migration with other approaches.In the second, formal part of the article, we outline one possible approach to formalizing the specification of static classes, dynamic classes, role classes and class migration, based on order‐sorted dynamic logic and process algebra. We illustrate this approach by giving a number of small example specifications and by proving some useful properties of these specifications. This article is an updated and extended version of (Wieringa et al., 1994).
Peracetic acid as a single endodontic irrigant: effects on microhardness, roughness and erosion of root canal dentin
Authors: Keine Kátia C. , Kuga Milton C. , Coaguila‐Llerena Hernán , Palma‐Dibb Regina G. , Faria Gisele 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe aim was to assess the effects of 1% peracetic acid (PAA) as a single endodontic irrigant on microhardness, roughness, and erosion of root canal dentin, compared with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and with 2.5% NaOCl combined with 17% EDTA. Forty human, single‐rooted tooth hemisections were submitted to Knoop microhardness test, before and after the following irrigation protocols: PAA = 1% PAA; NaOCl = 2.5% NaOCl; NaOCl‐EDTA‐NaOCl = 2.5% NaOCl +17% EDTA +2.5% NaOCl; and SS = saline. Another 40 roots were instrumented, irrigated with the same protocols, and sectioned longitudinally. The roughness analysis was performed on the mesial section using a confocal laser scanning microscope, whereas erosion was analyzed on each third of the distal section, using a scanning electron microscope. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey post‐tests, and Kruskal‐Wallis and Dunn post‐tests (α = .05). The PAA and NaOCl‐EDTA‐NaOCl groups showed no significant differences (p > .05); both promoted reduction in microhardness and increase in roughness, compared with the NaOCl and SS groups (p < .05). NaOCl‐EDTA‐NaOCl promoted higher erosion in the cervical and middle thirds than the other groups (p < .05); there was no difference among PAA, NaOCl, and SS (p > .05). There was also no difference among the groups regarding the apical third (p > .05). PAA used as a single endodontic irrigant caused reduction in root canal dentin microhardness and increase in roughness in a similar way to NaOCl‐EDTA‐NaOCl; however, PAA caused less erosion than NaOCl‐EDTA‐NaOCl.
Anti‐corrosive property of bioinspired environmental benign imidazole and isoxazoline heterocyclics: A cumulative studies of experimental and DFT methods
Authors: Ramkumar Sowmya , Nalini D. , Quraishi Mumtaz A. , Ebenso Eno E. , Verma Chandrabhan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the present study, four imidazoline (IDZ) and four isoxazolines (ISO) heterocyclics differing in the nature of methoxy (‐OCH3) and aromatic (phenyl and naphthyl) moieties are synthesized, characterized and evaluated as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acidic solution of 1 M HCl. Results showed that imidazoline based heterocyclic compounds are better corrosion inhibitors than isoxazoline based heterocyclics and both classes of compounds showed inhibition efficiency of more than 85% at 20 mgL−1 concentration. Results further showed that inhibitors containing methoxy, phenyl, and naphthyl moieties showed higher protection efficiency as compared to the inhibitors without these moieties. PDP Study revealed that investigated IDZs and ISOs acted as mixed type inhibitors and their adsorption on the metallic surface followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. All the experimental results were corroborated by density function theory (DFT) based quantum chemical calculations. Numerous DFT based indices calculated for neutral as well as protonated forms of the IDZs and ISOs in order to get better insight about metal‐IDZs/ISOs interactions. Outcomes of the DFT analysis showed that protonated (cationic) form of the all the inhibitors are more strongly adsorbed on the metallic surface as compared to their neutral form.
Preparation of co‐Co3O4/carbon nanotube/carbon foam for glucose sensor
Authors: Han Jiajia , Miao Longfei , Song Yonghai 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCo‐Co3O4/carbon nanotube/carbon foam (Co‐Co3O4/CNT/CF) nanocomposites were prepared by soaking melamine foam into a solution of Co(NO3)2·6H2O, followed by calcination in N2and air in sequence. The obtained Co‐Co3O4/CNT/CF nanocomposites were characterized with scanning electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry. It was found that Co3O4nanoparticles were grown on the external of CF successfully, while CNTs were grown on the surfaces of CF in a large amount, which further improved the electrical conductivity of the. The prepared Co‐Co3O4/CNT/CF nanocomposites were then used to construct nonenzymatic sensor to detect glucose in alkaline solution. The sensor showed detection range from 1.2 μM to 2.29 mM with a detection limit of 0.4 μM (S/N=3) and a high sensitivity of 637.5 μA−1cm−2. The developed sensor also showed an instant response, favorable reproducibility, and high selectivity. The results attest that Co‐Co3O4/CNT/CF composites have great potential in the development of nonenzymatic sensors for glucose.
Ion trap MS using high trapping gas pressure enables unequivocal structural analysis of three isobaric compounds in a mixture by using energy‐resolved mass spectrometry and the survival yield technique
Authors: Maroto Alicia , Jeanne Dit Fouque Dany , Memboeuf Antony 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRecently, it has been shown that energy‐resolved mass spectrometry (MS) can provide quantitative information from two isomeric or isobaric compounds in mixtures by using the survival yield (SY) technique together with “gas‐phase collisional purification” (GPCP) strategy (Anal. Chem., 2016, 88, p.10821). Herein, we present an improvement and an extension of this concept to the structural analysis of a model mixture of three isobaric compounds (two peptides and a polyether). By using default collision‐induced dissociation (CID) tandem MS parameters on an ion trap instrument, the previous approach did not show any signs of isobaric contamination. However, by modifying CID conditions and using a threefold increase of the He trapping gas pressure (to reach 3.00·10−5 mbar), the SY curve was unexpectedly and strongly shifted to higher excitation voltages with two plateaus appearing. Those plateaus, indicating clearly the presence of three isobaric compounds, were taken as reliable indicators to perform GPCP at carefully selected excitation voltages in order to selectively fragment one compound after the other. In this way, CID mass spectra of each compound were correctly recovered, both in terms of fragment ion peaks and in terms of relative intensities, from energy‐resolved MSn spectra of the three compounds mixture. This feature enables their unequivocal structural analysis as if samples were free from isobaric interferences. In this paper, we also discuss the possibility for recovering SY curves for pure compounds directly from the mixture. Clearly, in this case, the higher He trapping gas pressure made it possible to use the SY technique, for the first time, for the structural analysis in the case of mixtures of three isobaric compounds. This observation, quite unexpected, demonstrates that the trapping gas pressure is of paramount importance although it is usually not considered in energy‐resolved MS for structural and/or quantitative analysis.
Analysis of color volume of multi‐chromatic displays using gamut rings
Authors: Masaoka Kenichiro , Jiang Fu , Fairchild Mark D. , Heckaman Rodney L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThere are claims that multi‐chromatic displays can achieve a wider color gamut by the use of additional highly saturated secondary color channels. However, there are other claims that these displays lose lightness and/or color saturation at brighter levels. These apparently divergent views have led to some controversy in the display industry and at standard setting organizations. This study examines the color gamut volume for a variety of simulated and measured multi‐chromatic (sometimes incorrectly referred to as “multi‐primary”) displays using combinations of white and/or secondary color channels, such as cyan, magenta, and yellow. Furthermore, a two‐dimensional gamut representation, referred to as “gamut rings,” is introduced to illustrate that the addition of nonprimary optical color channels to a trichromatic (RGB) display can result in a significant decrease in the chroma at higher lightness levels. The additional saturated color channels can increase the gamut volume only around their hues at darker levels. The results also confirm the validity of comparing the color light output and white light output for revealing the design trade‐offs between the high‐peak white and the color‐image brightness for multi‐chromatic displays.
Effect of blue light from LCD on VDT work: Experiment using blue light reduction function LCD
Authors: Yoshimura Kumiko , Sakakibara Hisataka , Ikeda Mitsuru , Shibata Kazuhiro , Tamamura Yoshinori 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the impact of the blue light from the visual display terminal (VDT) on visual search tasks. We assessed the quantity of the blue light from medical imaging diagnoses (medical‐grade) liquid‐crystal display (LCD) and general (personal computer‐grade) LCD for the VDT work, both equipped with the blue light reduction function. Then, we measured the visibility of display by evaluating the correct answer rate and reaction time of visual search tasks. The quantity of the blue light was proportional to the luminance of the display. When the blue light reduction function was used during the VDT work, the blue light at the peak wavelength was reduced by about 56%. Though the luminance of the display reduced, the visibility of the display was not decreased. These findings suggest that the blue light reduction on the LCD could work efficiently in the VDT work, maintaining the visibility of the display.
Determination of pesticides in dried minor tropical fruits from Colombia using the Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe method‐gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Varela‐Martínez Diana Angélica , González‐Curbelo Miguel Ángel , González‐Sálamo Javier , Hernández‐Borges Javier 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe AOAC 2007.1 quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe official method, together with gas chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was applied for the analysis of 38 multiclass pesticides from dried fruits typically cultivated and exported from Colombia: uchuva (Physalis peruviana), lulo (Solanum quitoense), guanabana (Anona muricata), and pitahaya (Hylocereus undatus). The whole method was validated in terms of matrix‐matched calibration, matrix effect, and recovery using atrazine‐d5 as internal standard, triphenylphosphate for quality control of the injection, and a proper mixture of analytes protectants. Matrix‐matched calibration data were found satisfactory for all pesticides and dried fruits, reporting R2 values above 0.99. Matrix effect values evidenced the existence of such effect in most cases. The applied procedure gave satisfactory recovery percentages (70–120%) and relative standard deviation values (< 20%) for 92% of the 456 combinations pesticide/fruit studied (spiked levels of 25, 200, and 400 µg/kg). Finally, 20 real dried fruit samples were analyzed and residues of tebuconazole were found in two samples of uchuva at a concentration below the lowest calibration level of the method for one of them and at 10.8 ± 1.6 µg/kg for the other, being below or similar to the general maximum residue level established for monitoring purposes in food applications.
Assessing the degree of land degradation and rehabilitation in the Northeast Asia dryland region using net primary productivity and water use efficiency
Authors: Kang Wenping , Kang Sinkyu , Liu Shulin , Han Youngji 
Published: December 2019

AbstractChanges in vegetation productivity and species composition have been used as conventional indicators of land degradation and rehabilitation assessments. The two biophysical parameters vary nonlinearly during land change process with various time lags, which provide, as a whole, a useful framework to diagnose degree of land degradation and rehabilitation. In this study, the net primary productivity (NPP) and water use efficiency (WUE), which are the proxies of vegetation productivity and eco‐physiological properties related to species composition, were combined to develop an eco‐physiological framework to assess the degree of land degradation in the Northeast‐Asia dryland regions (NADR) from 1982 to 2012. Results from long‐term trends analysis showed early, middle or late degradation stages occurred in northern grassland and central barren or sparsely vegetated regions, respectively, while the rehabilitation prevailed in eastern croplands and forest, southern, and western grassland. In contrast, short‐term trend analysis illustrated the recent rehabilitation in mid‐eastern Mongolia and Loess Plateau, which was unseen in long‐term trend analysis. The spatial patterns and temporal changes of land degradation and rehabilitation could be explained partly by either or both natural and anthropogenic factors. Long‐term drying and warming might induce land degradation in northern and central NADR, respectively, while the recovery projects and wetting conditions after 2000s promoted the land rehabilitation in Loess Plateau and mid‐eastern Mongolia. Here, our NPP–WUE framework may contribute further conceptual development and rapid assessments on land degradation and rehabilitation in wide geographic regions.
Effects on the plant stem arrangement onsediment transport capacity of croplands
Authors: Fu Suhua , Mu Hongli , Liu Baoyuan , Yu Xianju , Zhang Guanghui , Liu Yingna 
Published: December 2019

AbstractVegetation effectively prevents soil erosion; however, little information is available on the effects of plant stems on sediment transport capacity. The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of plant stem arrangement patterns on sediment transport capacity and to quantify this relationship. Artificial plant stems (stem diameter, 0.01 m) were arranged in five patterns: tessellated, random, bead, zigzag, and banding. Two discharges, two slope gradients, and two plant basal cover conditions were used to conduct flume experiments. Results revealed that plant stem arrangement affected flow regime, hydraulic parameters, hydrological connectivity, and sediment transport capacity. The structural index of connectivity (i.e., the index of sediment connectivity) and the functional index of connectivity (i.e., flow velocity) were used to quantify the effects of plant stem arrangement on sediment transport capacity. The latter exhibited a significant linear function with hydraulic parameters, including flow velocity (p < .05). Unit stream power had the greatest adjusted R2 value and provided the best estimation of sediment transport capacity. Plant stem arrangement did not affect the relationship between sediment transport capacity and hydraulic parameters. These results are helpful and will enhance our predictions of different plant stem arrangement effects on sediment transport capacity.
Unfair Advantages for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Listed for Liver Transplant in Short‐Wait Regions Following 2015 Hepatocellular Carcinoma Policy Change
Authors: Brondfield Max N. , Dodge Jennifer L. , Hirose Ryutaro , Heimbach Julie , Yao Francis Y. , Mehta Neil 
Published: December 2019

For patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) listed for liver transplantation (LT), United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) enacted policy changes in 2015 to improve equity between HCC and non‐HCC patients. We evaluated the impact of these changes on regional disparities in wait‐list dropout and LT. We included patients in the UNOS database listed with Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease HCC exceptions in long‐wait regions (LWRs), mid‐wait regions (MWRs), and short‐wait regions (SWRs) before these policy changes (era 1, January 1 to December 31, 2013) and after (era 2, October 7, 2015, to October 7, 2016). Cumulative incidence of wait‐list dropout and LT were evaluated using competing risk regression. Median time to LT increased by 3.6 months (3.1 to 6.7 months) in SWRs and 1.3 months (6.9 to 8.2 months) in MWRs (P < 0.001), with a slight decrease in LWRs (13.4 to 12.9 months; P = 0.02). The 2‐year cumulative incidence of dropout increased from 9.7% to 14.8% in SWRs (P = 0.03) and from 18.9% to 22.6% in MWRs (P = 0.18) but decreased in LWRs from 26.7% to 24.8% (P = 0.31). Factors predicting wait‐list dropout included listing in era 2 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.17), in LWRs (HR, 2.56), and in MWRs (HR, 1.91). Regional differences in wait‐list outcomes decreased with policy changes, but HCC patients in SWRs remain advantaged. Recent policy change may narrow these disparities.
Hypomethylation of MIR‐378 5’‐flanking region predicts poor survival in young patients with myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Wu De‐hong , Zhu Xiao‐wen , Wen Xiang‐mei , Zhang Ying‐ying , Ma Ji‐chun , Yao Dong‐ming , Zhou Jing‐dong , Guo Hong , Wu Peng‐fei , Zhang Xing‐li , Qiu Hong‐chun , Lin Jiang , Qian Jun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have disclosed up‐regulation of MIR‐378 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and might consequently affect the outcome of the patients. Correspondingly, hypomethylation of MIR‐378 was also identified in AML, particularly for FAB‐M2 subtype with t(8;21) chromosomal translocation. Nevertheless, the methylation status of MIR‐378 has not been illustrated in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Herein we designed to understand the methylation pattern of MIR‐378 involved in MDS and clinical interrelation thereof.MethodsReal‐time quantitative methylation‐specific PCR (RQ‐MSP) was performed to evaluate the methylation degree of MIR‐378 5’‐flanking region on bone marrow mononuclear cells collected from 95 de novo MDS patients. Five gene mutations (IDH1, IDH2, DNMT3A, U2AF1, and SF3B1) were detected by high‐resolution melting analysis to further evaluate the clinical relevance of hypomethylation of MIR‐378.ResultsUnmethylated level of MIR‐378 5’‐flanking region was significantly higher in MDS patients than that in controls (p = .034). Hypomethylated MIR‐378 was identified in 20 of 95 (21%) cases with MDS. Male patients appeared to be more frequent to harbor MIR‐378 hypomethylation compared to female patients (15/55, 27.3% vs. 4/40, 10.0%, p = .04). There was no significant difference in age, white blood cell counts, platelet counts, hemoglobin concentration, and karyotypes between the patients with and without MIR‐378‐hypomethylation. Distinct distribution of five gene mutations was not observed in the two groups as well. However, MIR‐378‐hypomethylated patients had significantly shorter overall survival than those without MIR‐378 hypomethylation (p = .036). Moreover, among patients <60 years, hypomethylation of MIR‐378 was confirmed to be an independent adverse prognostic factor by both Kaplan–Meier and Multivariate Cox analyses.ConclusionHypomethylation of MIR‐378 5’‐flanking region is an adverse prognosticator in MDS, particularly in patients <60 years.
A fast adaptive spectral graph wavelet method for the viscous Burgers' equation on a star‐shaped connected graph
Authors: Shukla Ankita , Mehra Mani , Leugering Günter 
Published: December 2019

Water wave propagation in an open channel network can be described by the viscous Burgers' equation on the corresponding connected graph, possibly with small viscosity. In this paper, we propose a fast adaptive spectral graph wavelet method for the numerical solution of the viscous Burgers' equation on a star‐shaped connected graph. The vital feature of spectral graph wavelets is that they can be constructed on any complex network using the graph Laplacian. The essence of the method is that the same operator can be used for the construction of the spectral graph wavelet and the approximation of the differential operator involved in the Burgers' equation. In this paper, two test problems are considered with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition. The numerical results show that the method accurately captures the evolution of the localized patterns at all the scales, and the adaptive node arrangement is accordingly obtained. The convergence of the given method is verified, and efficiency is shown using CPU time.