bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shale Producers Adopt Geochemistry Fingerprinting to Quantify Cross-Well Production
Authors: Jacobs Trent 
Published: November 2019

Obtain a sample of reservoir rock, heat it up, add pressure, and then take a real close look at the drop of oil that comes out to find its unique “fingerprint.”
At a high level, this is the emerging extraction and geochemistry process that more than two dozen tight-oil producers have recently adopted to solve one of the shale sector’s biggest mysteries: how does oil flow through the rock matrix and into a hydraulically fractured horizontal well?
In a stacked formation, that question branches off into a few more: how much do neighboring horizontal wells communicate, which zones are co-producing the most, and how do these factors change over time?
“The ground truth comes when you collect rock, and know exactly what depth that rock comes from, and then extract hydrocarbons from that rock to know the fingerprint of that depth,” said Faye Liu, the founder and chief executive of geochemistry startup RevoChem.
Founded last year, the Houston-based firm has so far identified a geochemical fingerprint in more than 5,000 reservoir rocks and produced oil samples from more than 300 wells in nine different shale plays in North America and the Vaca Muerta Shale in Argentina.
Every new sample sheds a bit more light on the complex flow patterns of unconventional reservoirs. Among RevoChem’s findings is that pad wells placed in different benches of a tight reservoir stand a high chance of experiencing some level of cross-well communication (Fig. 1).
“All of your oil is a mixture coming from multiple zones,” explained Liu who was formerly a geochemist with Conoco Phillips. She noted that despite how they appear in modeling software, the evidence from geochemical fingerprinting shows that hydraulic fractures often extend out of their target zone and into other oil-rich layers of rock. “Essentially, every operator is experiencing the same•process.”
A primary goal for adopters of the technology is to describe that vertical drainage in detail—and how the profile changes over time. “In a stacked development, every subsurface professional must be engaged with that understanding,” said Toby Deen, a senior engineer with private Permian oil and gas company Felix Energy, which started conducting time-lapse fingerprinting earlier this year.
In addition to vertical production allocation, operators are using geochemical fingerprinting to overcome the difficulty that other diagnostics have had in assessing the related parameter of fracture height. If wells are believed to have a fracture height somewhere in the range of 400–600 ft, then using wider distances between vertically separated wells to avoid interference is justified.
However, if the geochemistry shows that only 5–10% of the cross-well production is from the extreme tips of such a fracture network, then wider spacing may not be optimal (Fig. 2). What would make future spacing decisions easier is if an operator could prove that a majority of production is coming from an area just 200–300 ft away from the wellbore. “That means there is a lot of infill potential,” said Liu.
BHA Behavior-Prediction Model Offers Potential for Automated Analysis
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: November 2019

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 191780-18ERM-MS, “Field Validation of a New BHA Model and Practical Case Studies in Unconventional Shale Plays, With a Framework for Automated Analysis for Operations Support,” by J.K. Wilson, Scientific Drilling International, prepared for the 2018 SPE/AAPG Eastern Regional Meeting, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, 7–11 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
A new 3D drillstring model determines the static and dynamic behavior of bottomhole assemblies (BHAs) in realistic wellbores. The modeling approach provides a prediction of the BHA’s mechanical and dynamic behavior and can be used as a planning tool for BHA design, an investigative tool for root-cause analysis, or, potentially, as a real-time optimization tool for avoiding harmful operating conditions.
Introduction
When using any model, engineers cannot forget the limits of calculation. However, they can settle for “good enough” as long as they adhere to the following two rules:
The results capture the general behavior of the system with respect to the parameters of interest.
The engineer using the results fully understands the limits of the model used to obtain them.
These rules are particularly important when considering highly nonlinear systems, such as the 3D behavior of BHAs. Nonlinearity arises in these systems from the large, coupled deflection that occurs in the downhole components as they move within the wellbore, and the frictional contact that results from the borehole wall restraining that movement. These inherent complexities have been a driving factor for continued research on the subject of BHA modeling for years. On the basis of the author’s own investigative studies and working experience, there appear to be three primary areas of focus within the study of BHA mechanics and dynamics:
The mechanical loading on the downhole components
The directional performance of various drilling assemblies
The dynamic response of BHAs
The purpose of the current project was to develop a BHA model that could analyze each of these topics in an efficient manner while maintaining a reasonable level of accuracy. Such a model could then be leveraged routinely to design more-robust tools and provide a reliable approach to engineering support for drilling operations.
BHA Simulation Model
As a response to the need to estimate downhole performance better, a mathematical model has been developed for estimating the mechanical and dynamic behavior of BHAs in realistic wellbores. It is based on a nonlinear finite-beam element and accounts for various intricacies of the downhole environment. Modeling a drilling assembly using this approach allows for the complexities of the BHA components to be easily represented as a series of beams with varying mechanical properties. The model was initially developed to analyze the behavior of vibration- inducing devices in unconventional horizontal wells, but has since been expanded to examine a multitude of different drilling•scenarios.
Analgosedation during flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy: Comparing the clinical effectiveness and safety of remifentanil versus midazolam/propofol
Authors: Lee Hyun , Choe Yeong Hun , Park Seung Yong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: There are limited data regarding the efficacy and safety of remifentanil sedation for diagnostic bronchoscopy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of remifentanil by comparing it with those of conventional drugs, midazolam and propofol.
Methods: A retrospective study of 186 patients who underwent diagnostic bronchoscopy at Chonbuk National University Hospital was performed. Patients were classified into the remifentanil group and midazolam/propofol group according to the drugs used during bronchoscopy.
Results: Of the 186 patients, 111 patients received remifentanil and 75 received midazolam/propofol during the bronchoscopy. The proportion of patients who required bronchoscopy for endobronchial inspection alone was significantly higher in the midazolam/propofol group than in the remifentanil group (93.3% vs. 71.2%; p < 0.001). In contrast, the proportion of patients who required more invasive procedures, such as bronchoscopic biopsy, bronchoalveolar lavage, or transbronchial lung biopsy, was significantly higher in the remifentanil group than in the midazolam/propofol group (27.8% vs. 6.7%; p < 0.001). The recovery time was significantly shorter in the remifentanil group than in the midazolam/propofol group (mean 6.4 min vs. 11.6 min, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the groups with regard to safety events including desaturation, hypotension, and arrhythmia.
Conclusions: Despite the higher proportion of patients who underwent more invasive procedures in the remifentanil group than in the midazolam/propofol group, there was no significant difference in safety events between the groups. Those in the remifentanil group also demonstrated a faster recovery time than those in the midazolam/propofol group.
“Being in good hands”: Next of kin’s perceptions of continuity of care in patients with heart failure
Authors: Östman Malin , Bäck-Pettersson Siv , Sandvik Ann-Helén , Sundler Annelie J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Heart failure (HF) is a chronic condition with a variety of diverse symptoms. Patients with HF are usually elderly with multimorbidity, which are both multifaceted and challenging. Being a next of kin to patients with HF is described as a complex task consisting of managing care and treatment, monitoring illness and being an emotional support, while also being able to navigate the healthcare system especially in long-term contact. However, few studies have investigated next of kin's perceptions of continuity of care in connection with HF. The present study aimed to describe continuity of care as perceived by the next of kin who care for patients with HF.
Methods
This study used a qualitative descriptive design. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the next of kin (n=15) of patients with HF to obtain their perceptions of continuity of care. A phenomenographic analysis method was used to capture the participants' perceptions of the phenomenon.
Results
The analysis reveals that the next of kin perceive that support from healthcare professionals was strongly associated with experiences of continuity of care. Four categories reveal the next of kin's perceptions of continuity of care: Want to be involved without being in charge; A desire to be in control without acting as the driving force in the care situation; A need for sustainability without being overlooked; and Focusing on making life meaningful while being preoccupied with caregiving activities.
Conclusions
Next of kin perceive continuity of care, when they have access to care and treatment and when caregivers collaborate, regardless of healthcare is given by primary care, municipalities or specialist clinics. A sense of “being in good hands” sums up the need for continuous support, shared decision-making and seamless transitions between caregivers. It seems important that healthcare organisations safeguard effective and collaborative models. Moreover, professionals need to plan and perform healthcare in collaboration with patients and next of kin.
Keywords
Continuity of care, Heart failure, Next of kin, Phenomenography, Qualitative research
Competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulation network of lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs in Wilms tumour
Authors: tang fucai , Lu zechao , wang jiamin , Li zhibiao , Wu weijia , Duan Haifeng , He zhaohui 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) have revealed a new mechanism of interaction between RNAs. However, an understanding of the ceRNA regulatory network in Wilms tumour (WT) remains limited.Methods: The expression profiles of mRNAs, miRNAs and lncRNAs in Wilms tumour samples and normal samples were obtained from the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatment (TARGET) database. The EdgeR package was employed to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs. Functional enrichment analyses via the ClusterProfile R package were performed, and the lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA interaction ceRNA network was established in Cytoscape. Subsequently, the correlation between the ceRNA network and overall survival was analysed.Results: A total of 2,037 lncRNAs, 154 miRNAs and 3,609 mRNAs were identified as differentially expressed RNAs in Wilms tumour. Of those, 205 lncRNAs, 26 miRNAs and 143 mRNAs were included in the ceRNA regulatory network. The results of Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly enriched in terms related to response to mechanical stimuli, transcription factor complexes, and transcription factor activity (related to RNA polymerase II proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding). The results of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in pathways related to the cell cycle. The survival analysis results showed that 14 out of the 205 lncRNAs, 1 out of 26 miRNAs and 8 out of 143 mRNAs were associated with overall survival in Wilms tumour patients (P < 0.05).Conclusions: CeRNA networks play an important role in Wilms tumour. This finding might provide effective, novel insights for further understanding the mechanisms underlying Wilms tumour.
Diagnostic accuracy of multi-slice computed tomography in Children with Abernethy malformation
Authors: Guo Chen , Zhong Yumin , Wang Qian , Hu Liwei , Gu Xiaohong , Shao Hong , Wu Wei , Cao Jianfeng , Qiu Haisheng 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background ：Abernethy malformation is a rare congenital abnormality. Imaging examination is an important method for the diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate manifestations of multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) in Abernethy malformation and its diagnostic accuracy.

Methods ：Fourteen children with Abernethy malformation were admitted to our center in China between July 2011 and January 2018. All 14 patients (eight males and six females) received MSCT and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) while eight patients also received ultrasound. The patients’ age ranged from 1 to 14 (median age 8 years old). The clinical records of the patients were retrospectively reviewed. MSCT raw data were transferred to an Advantage Windows 4.2 or 4.6 workstation (General Electric Medical Systems, Waukesha, WI). We compared the findings of MSCT with DSA and surgical results in order to ascertain diagnostic accuracy.

Results ：Three cases had type Ib Abernethy malformation and eleven cases had type II. Two cases of type II Abernethy malformation were misdiagnosed as type Ib using MSCT. Comparing the findings of MSCT with DSA and surgical results, the accuracy of MSCT was 85.7% (12/14), in which 100.0% (3/3) were type Ib and 81.8% (9/11) were type II. Clinical information included congenital heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, diffuse pulmonary arteriovenous fistula, abnormal liver function, hepatic nodules, elevated blood ammonia, and hepatic encephalopathy. Eleven cases were treated after diagnosis. One patient with Abernethy malformation type Ib(1/3) underwent liver transplantation. Seven patients with Abernethy malformation type II (7/11) were treated by shunt occlusion, received laparoscopy, or were treated with open surgical ligation. Another three patients (3/11) with Abernethy malformation type II were treated by interventional portocaval shunt occlusion under DSA.

Conclusion ：MSCT attains excellent capability in diagnosing type II Abernethy malformation and further shows the location of the portacaval shunt. DSA can help when it is hard to determine diagnosis between Abernethy type Ib and II using MSCT.

Key words: Abernethy malformation; Angiography; Tomography
Improving management of glycaemic control in people with T2DM in Primary Care: estimation of the impact on the clinical complications and associated costs
Authors: Mata-Cases Manel , Mahon James , Mauricio Didac , Franch-Nadal Josep , Real Jordi , Hex Nick 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Aim To estimate the potential benefits in terms of avoided complications and cost reduction if the Spanish health system would encourage the intensification of treatment for better glycaemic control in adults with Type 2 diabetes from the current HbA1c target used in clinical practice of 68 mmol/mol to a target of 53 mmol/mol. Methods The IQVIA Core Diabetes Model (version 9.0) was used to model the impact of these changes in respect of micro- and macrovascular complications and the associated costs. The modelling was based on data derived from the SIDIAP-Q population database from Catalonia, taking a random cohort of 10,000 people with type 2 diabetes and dividing it into sub-groups based on their basal HbA1c. Results The CDM modelling showed that the average cost reduction per person varies depending on basal HbA1c. The model estimates that after 25 years, people with a basal HbA1c between 48 and 58 mmol/mol and >75 mmol/mol show an average cost reduction of €6,027 and €11,966, respectively. Applying the per-person cost reduction to the cohorts of the prevalent population in Spain (1,910,374) the overall estimated cost reduction was €14.7 billion over 25 years. The improvements in outcomes resulted in an estimated reduction of more than 1.2 million complications cumulatively over 25 years, of which more than 550,000 relate to diabetic foot and more than 170,000 related to renal disease. Conclusion Over a 25 year period, Spain could considerably reduce costs and avoid major complications if, on a population level, more ambitious glycaemic control, according to Spanish or EU guidelines, could be achieved among people with type 2 diabetes by reducing the HbA1c threshold for treatment intensification. Although there is a slower trajectory for benefits in earlier years, there is a much more rapid benefit gain between years 5 and 15.
Iodine concentration and content measured by dual-source computed tomography are correlated to thyroid hormone levels in euthyroid patients
Authors: Li ZhengTeng , Zhai Rui , Liu HongMei , Pan Dongmei 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of the dual energy CT measured iodine concentration and total iodine content with blood measured thyroid parameters. Methods: 43 patients with normal thyroid function at our hospital from August 2017 to October 2019 were included in this retrospective study. Dual energy CT was used to scan the neck of thyroid patients. The mean iodine concentration and thyroid tissue volume were measured to calculate the total iodine content of the thyroid. Relevant tests of triiodothyronine (FT3), total triiodothyronine (TT3), total thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid hormone (TSH) were conducted. The correlation of the thyroid mean iodine concentration and total iodine content with blood-measured thyroid function was analysed. Result: The total iodine content in the thyroid was positively correlated with FT3 but negatively correlated with TSH. The mean iodine concentration of the thyroid was positively correlated with both FT3 and TT3. Conclusion: The thyroid iodine content measured by dual energy CT can be used to determine the human iodine nutritional status and evaluate thyroid function, which will facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid diseases.
Layer-specific speckle tracking analysis of left ventricular systolic function and synchrony in maintenance hemodialysis patients
Authors: Liu Chang , Yan Zining , Fan Li , Huang Jun , Shen Dan , Song Xiangting 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: This study investigated the value of layer-specific strain analysis by twodimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) for evaluating left ventricular (LV) systolic function and synchrony in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods: A total of 34 MHD patients and 35 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Dynamic images were collected at the LV apical long-axis, the four- and twochamber, and the LV short-axis views at the basal, middle, apical segments. The layerspecific speckle tracking (LST) was used to analyze the longitudinal strain (LS) and circumferential strain (CS) of LV sub-endocardium, mid-myocardium, subepicardium, global longitudinal strain (GLS), global circumferential strain (GCS), the LV 17 segment time to peak LS (TTP), the peak strain dispersion (PSD). The differences in these parameters were compared between control and MHD, and the correlation between PSD and each LS parameter was examined. The receiver operator characteristic curve was used to evaluate the efficacy of three myocardial layer LS and CS in the assessment of LV systolic dysfunction in MHD. Results: MHD had comparable left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), but significantly smaller GLS, GCS, and three-layer LS and CS compared to the control. The three layer LS of the basal segment, middle segment, and apex segment was significantly reduced in the MHD compared to the normal, while the three myocardial layer CS of the basal segment, middle segment, and apex segment was significantly reduced in the MHD compared to the normal, except for the sub-endocardium of middle and apex segment. MHD had significantly higher TTP of LV 17 segments and PSD compared to controls, and had delayed peak time in most segments. In addition, PSD of MHD was positively correlated with subendocardial and mid-myocardial LS and GLS, but not with subepicardial LS. The area under the curves (AUCs) of sub-endocardial, mid-myocardial, and sub-epicardial LS in MHD were 0.894, 0.852, and 0.870, respectively; the AUCs of sub-epicardial, midmyocardial, and sub-endocardial CS were 0.852, 0.837, and 0.669, respectively. Conclusion: LST may detect the early changes of all three-layer LS and CS and PSD in MHD, and is a valuable tool to diagnose LV systolic dysfunction in MHD.
NaCl-responsive ROS scavenging and energy supply in alkaligrass callus revealed from proteomic analysis
Authors: Zhang Yongxue , Zhang Yue , Yu Juanjuan , Zhang Heng , Wang Liyue , Wang Sining , Guo Siyi , Miao Yuchen , Chen Sixue , Li Ying , Dai Shaojun 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Salinity has obvious effects on plant growth and crop productivity. The salinity-responsive mechanisms have been well-studied in differentiated organs (e.g., leaves, roots and stems), but not in unorganized cells such as callus. High-throughput quantitative proteomics approaches have been used to investigate callus development, somatic embryogenesis, organogenesis, and stress response in numbers of plant species. However, they have not been applied to callus from monocotyledonous halophyte alkaligrass (Puccinellia tenuifora). Results: The alkaligrass callus growth, viability and membrane integrity were perturbed by 50 mM and 150 mM NaCl treatments. Callus cells accumulated the proline, soluble sugar and glycine betaine for the maintenance of osmotic homeostasis. Importantly, the activities of ROS scavenging enzymes (e.g., SOD, APX, POD, GPX, MDHAR and GR) and antioxidants (e.g., ASA, DHA and GSH) were induced by salinity. The abundance patterns of 55 salt-responsive proteins indicate that salt signal transduction, cytoskeleton, ROS scavenging, energy supply, gene expression, protein synthesis and processing, as well as other basic metabolic processes were altered in callus to cope with the stress. Conclusions: The undifferentiated callus exhibited unique salinity-responsive mechanisms for ROS scavenging and energy supply. Activation of the POD pathway and AsA-GSH cycle was universal in callus and differentiated organs, but salinity-induced SOD pathway and salinity-reduced CAT pathway in callus were different from those in leaves and roots. To cope with salinity, callus mainly relied on glycolysis, but not the TCA cycle, for energy supply. Keywords: Salinity response, ROS scavenging, Energy supply, Osmotic homeostasis, Callus, Halophyte alkaligrass, Proteomics