bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporating an Equity Agenda into Health Professions Education and Training to Build a More Representative Workforce
Authors: Effland Kristin J. , Hays Karen , Ortiz Felina M. , Blanco Brittni A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEfforts to achieve health equity goals in the United States require the recruitment, retention, and graduation of an increasingly diverse student body of aspiring health professionals. Improving access to health care providers who are culturally congruent with the populations served is a related ethical priority that has the potential to improve the health inequities faced by communities of color and others in the United States. Midwifery education program administrators and faculty have responded to this need by acknowledging that creation of a more representative midwifery workforce starts with midwifery education. The Equity Agenda Guideline, related conceptual model, and website resources were developed for the purpose of supporting health professions educators and institutions who recognize a need for change and are seeking answers about how to train and graduate more health care providers from communities that are currently underrepresented. Using a systems approach to outline the transformative multilevel changes required, these resources offer a roadmap for how to address the underlying problems of racism and other differentisms that have limited the growth and diversification of the health and helping professions. This article addresses how health education programs interested in making an impact on this complex and persistent problem can adopt or adapt the Equity Agenda Guideline, originally developed for midwifery education programs in the United States.
Angiopoietin‐1/Tie‐2 signal after focal traumatic brain injury is potentiated by BQ788, an ETB receptor antagonist, in the mouse cerebrum: Involvement in recovery of blood–brain barrier function
Authors: Michinaga Shotaro , Tanabe Ayami , Nakaya Ryusei , Fukutome Chihiro , Inoue Anna , Iwane Aya , Minato Yukiko , Tujiuchi Yu , Miyake Daisuke , Mizuguchi Hiroyuki , Koyama Yutaka 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAngiopoietin‐1, an angiogenic factor, stabilizes brain microvessels through Tie‐2 receptor tyrosine kinase. In traumatic brain injury, blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption is an aggravating factor that induces brain edema and neuroinflammation. We previously showed that BQ788, an endothelin ETB receptor antagonist, promoted recovery of BBB function after lateral fluid percussion injury (FPI) in mice. To clarify the mechanisms underlying BBB recovery mediated by BQ788, we examined the involvements of the angiopoietin‐1/Tie‐2 signal. When angiopoietin‐1 production and Tie‐2 phosphorylation were assayed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, increased angiopoietin‐1 production and Tie‐2 phosphorylation were observed in 7–10 days after FPI in the mouse cerebrum, whereas no significant effects were obtained at 5 days. When BQ788 (15 nmol/day, i.c.v.) were administered in 2–5 days after FPI, increased angiopoietin‐1 production and Tie‐2 phosphorylation were observed. Immunohistochemical observations showed that brain microvessels and astrocytes contained angiopoietin‐1 after FPI, and brain microvessels also contained phosphorylated Tie‐2. Treatment with endothelin‐1 (100 nM) decreased angiopoietin‐1 production in cultured astrocytes and the effect was inhibited by BQ788 (1 μM). Five days after FPI, increased extravasation of Evans blue dye accompanied by reduction in claudin‐5, occludin, and zonula occludens‐1 proteins were observed in mouse cerebrum while these effects of FPI were reduced by BQ788 and exogenous angiopoietin‐1 (1 μg/day, i.c.v.). The effects of BQ788 were inhibited by co‐administration of a Tie‐2 kinase inhibitor (40 nmol/day, i.c.v.). These results suggest that BQ788 administration after traumatic brain injury promotes recovery of BBB function through activation of the angiopoietin‐1/Tie‐2 signal.
image
Synucleinopathies: Where we are and where we need to go
Authors: Brás Inês Caldeira , Dominguez‐Meijide Antonio , Gerhardt Ellen , Koss David , Lázaro Diana F. , Santos Patrícia I. , Vasili Eftychia , Xylaki Mary , Outeiro Tiago Fleming 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSynucleinopathies are a group of disorders characterized by the accumulation of inclusions rich in the a‐synuclein (aSyn) protein. This group of disorders includes Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), multiple systems atrophy, and pure autonomic failure (PAF). In addition, genetic alterations (point mutations and multiplications) in the gene encoding for aSyn (SNCA) are associated with familial forms of Parkinson's disease, the most common synucleinopathy. The Synuclein Meetings are a series that has been taking place every 2 years for about 12 years. The Synuclein Meetings bring together leading experts in the field of Synuclein and related human conditions with the goal of discussing and advancing the research. In 2019, the Synuclein meeting took place in Ofir, a city in the outskirts of Porto, Portugal. The meeting, entitled "Synuclein Meeting 2019: Where we are and where we need to go", brought together >300 scientists studying both clinical and molecular aspects of synucleinopathies. The meeting covered a many of the open questions in the field, in a format that prompted open discussions between the participants, and underscored the need for additional research that, hopefully, will lead to future therapies for a group of as of yet incurable disorders. Here, we provide a summary of the topics discussed in each session and highlight what we know, what we do not know, and what progress needs to be made in order to enable the field to continue to advance. We are confident this systematic assessment of where we stand will be useful to steer the field and contribute to filling knowledge gaps that may form the foundations for future therapeutic strategies, which is where we need to go.
image
When Family Property Becomes Individual Property: Intrahousehold Property Ownership and Women's Well‐Being in China
Authors: Zang Emma 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines the impact of the 2011 judicial interpretation to the Chinese Marriage Law, which altered property rights, on the well‐being of husbands and wives.BackgroundAlthough the focus on macro‐level gender inequality continues, relatively few studies have focused on intrahousehold gender inequality in China.MethodUsing data from the China Family Panel Studies (80,162 observations of 22,541 individuals), a nationally representative survey of Chinese households, this study uses a difference‐in‐differences strategy to compare the outcomes of spouses in households where only the husband's name is on the deed with those where the spouses have equal homeownership status.ResultsIn the short term, the 2011 judicial interpretation to the Marriage Law led to diminished well‐being for women in a typical Chinese household where the deed to the marital home is in the husband's name only. However, in the long term, the adverse effect for women weakened, which is likely because couples turned to adaptive behaviors more in line with premarital agreements and traditional practices, nullifying any effects caused by the reform. No significant effects of the reform were found for men living households where only the wife's name is on the deed.ConclusionThis study demonstrates how a seemingly gender‐neutral policy can generate gendered consequences. It is therefore critical that policy makers consider the implications of intrahousehold inequality.
Paternity Leave and Fathers' Responsibility: Evidence From a Natural Experiment in Canada
Authors: Wray Dana 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study uses a natural experiment in Canada to examine whether reserved paternity leave policy can increase fathers' involvement with their children.BackgroundAlthough a growing body of research suggests that paternal leave‐taking is associated with increased father involvement, the causality of this relationship is unclear. Furthermore, leave‐taking may differently impact multiple dimensions of father involvement, including engagement (direct interaction with children), accessibility (time in children's presence), and responsibility (solo parenting time).MethodUsing two cross‐sectional waves of time diary data from the 2005 and 2010 Canadian General Social Survey, this study exploits the natural experiment of the reserved paternity leave policy introduced in the province of Quebec in 2006 compared to the shared parental leave benefits offered in the rest of Canada. Difference‐in‐differences methods are used to estimate the causal effect of the policy on multiple measures of father involvement.ResultsThe reserved paternity leave policy led to a direct increase in fathers' responsibility time—2.2 additional hours of solo parenting time per week—but no direct effect on fathers' engagement or accessibility time. The findings also suggest that there may be indirect, contextual effects of the policy that have shifted the norms in Quebec regarding fathering.ConclusionThis study concludes that reserved paternity leave can increase fathers' responsibility for children in ways that may benefit family well‐being and gender equality more broadly.
Nothing going on? Exploring the role of missed events in changes in subjective well‐being and the Big Five personality traits
Authors: Luhmann Maike , Buecker Susanne , Kaiser Till , Beermann Mira 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveMissed events are defined as the nonoccurrence of expected major life events within a specified time frame. We examined whether missed events should be studied in research on growth by exploring the role of missed events for changes in subjective well‐being (SWB) and the Big Five personality traits.MethodThe samples were selected from two nationally representative panel studies, the German Socioeconomic Panel Innovation Sample (SOEP‐IS, total N = 6,638) and the Dutch Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences panel (LISS, Ns between 4,262 and 5,749). Rank‐order stability and mean‐level change were analyzed using regression and mixed models. Type I error probability was reduced by using conservative thresholds for level of significance and minimal effect size.ResultsExpected but missed events were more frequent than actually experienced events. For SWB, rank‐order stability tended to be lower among those who experienced a missed event than among those who did not. For the Big Five personality traits, significant differences between those who did and those who did not experience a missed event were rare and unsystematic.ConclusionMissed events merit more attention in future research on growth and personality change, but the effects are probably weak.
Mental health nurses in non‐uniform: Facilitator of recovery process?
Authors: Chu Lok Yan , Chang Tin Wai , Dai Tsz Yuet , Hui Lok , Ip Hei Tung , Kwok San Yuet , Ying Kin Long , Chan Fung Man , Bressington Daniel 
Published: January 2020

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

Many Western countries have abandoned the wearing of nurse uniforms on inpatient mental health wards. The adoption of a non‐uniform policy in Hong Kong was recently introduced in select rehabilitation units to align with the philosophy of the recovery model.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

The findings suggest that nurses perceived wearing non‐uniform might help to reduce the self‐stigma of service users and develop better self‐esteem.

The perceived potential benefits of the introduction of a non‐uniform policy seemed to outweigh the perceived drawbacks.

What are the implications for practice?

The results further acknowledge the potential positive effects of nurses wearing non‐uniform on facilitating psychiatric service users' recovery process. However, further research on service users' perspectives is required.

The wearing of non‐uniform may be considered to be extended to other psychiatric wards in Hong Kong and other similar Asian settings in order to potentially help promote patient's recovery and to reduce emotional distance between staff and service users.

AbstractIntroductionA non‐uniform policy was recently adopted in selected Hong Kong rehabilitation wards to align with the philosophy of the recovery model. The change in policy is relatively novel in Asia, where no previous studies have reported how this may influence nursing care and service users' recovery.AimTo explore Hong Kong Mental Health Nurses' views about wearing non‐uniform within an inpatient rehabilitation unit in regard to facilitating service users' recovery process.MethodA qualitative descriptive study was conducted, utilizing individual in‐depth semi‐structured research interviews.ResultsA total of 12 interviews were conducted with nurse participants. The analysis process identified 3 main themes and 9 subthemes. Main themes were “building up rapport with service users,” “non‐uniform helps deinstitutionalization” and “different approaches to maximize the benefit and to minimize the risk.”DiscussionDespite some concerns, the majority of nurse participants positively viewed the policy of wearing non‐uniform and felt it was potentially beneficial to service users' recovery process.Implications for practiceNurses perceived that wearing non‐uniform may facilitate meaningful therapeutic engagement, and may help to reduce the self‐stigma and develop the self‐esteem of service users. Other inpatient units in Hong Kong and similar Asian settings might consider adopting the policy.
Genomic and phenotypic effects of inbreeding across two different hatchery management regimes in Chinook salmon
Authors: Waters Charles D. , Hard Jeffrey J. , Fast David E. , Knudsen Curtis M. , Bosch William J. , Naish Kerry A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGenomic approaches permit direct estimation of inbreeding and its effect on fitness. We used genomic‐based estimates of inbreeding to investigate their relationship with eight adult traits in a captive‐reared Pacific salmonid that is released into the wild. Estimates were also used to determine whether alternative broodstock management approaches reduced risks of inbreeding. Specifically, 1,100 unlinked restriction‐site associated (RAD) loci were used to compare pairwise relatedness, derived from a relationship matrix, and individual inbreeding, estimated by comparing observed and expected homozygosity, across four generations in two hatchery lines of Chinook salmon that were derived from the same source. The lines are managed as “integrated” with the founding wild stock, with ongoing gene flow, and as “segregated” with no gene flow. While relatedness and inbreeding increased in the first generation of both lines, possibly due to population subdivision caused by hatchery initiation, the integrated line had significantly lower levels in some subsequent generations (relatedness: F2–F4; inbreeding F2). Generally, inbreeding was similar between the lines despite large differences in effective numbers of breeders. Inbreeding did not affect fecundity, reproductive effort, return timing, fork length, weight, condition factor, and daily growth coefficient. However, it delayed spawn timing by 1.75 days per one standard deviation increase in F (~0.16). The results indicate that integrated management may reduce inbreeding but also suggest that it is relatively low in a small, segregated hatchery population that maximized number of breeders. Our findings demonstrate the utility of genomics to monitor inbreeding under alternative management strategies in captive breeding programs.
Religiosity, spirituality, and the quality of life of patients with sequelae of head and neck cancer
Authors: dos Reis Liliane Braga Monteiro , Leles Cláudio Rodrigues , Freire Maria do Carmo Matias 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate associations between religiosity, spirituality and quality of life (QoL) in patients with visible sequelae due to head and neck cancer surgery.Subject and MethodsCross‐sectional study in 202 patients in a cancer hospital in Brazil. Psychosocial, demographic and clinical conditions were collected through interviews, clinical examinations and from the medical records. The outcome was QoL, measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Head and Neck (FACT‐HN) and the University of Washington QoL Questionnaire for patients with head and neck cancer (UW‐QOL). The explanatory variables were religiosity (Duke University Religiosity Index—DUREL) and spirituality (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy‐Spiritual Well‐Being Scale—FACIT‐Sp12). Pearson's correlation and linear regression were used for data analysis.ResultsReligiosity and spirituality were associated with both measures of the patients' QoL. After adjustment, higher scores of QoL (FACT‐HN and UW‐QOL) were found in patients with higher levels of religiosity and of spirituality. Other significant covariates were gender (male), those living with their families, with sequelae not involving the cervical region, longer post‐surgical time and who had no chemotherapy or radiation.ConclusionReligiosity and spirituality were associated with the patients' QoL, regardless of their sociodemographic and cancer‐related clinical conditions and behaviours.
Nanoscale adhesion forces of glucosyltransferase B and C genes regulated Streptococcal mutans probed by AFM
Authors: Wang Rui , Deng Ling , Lei Zixue , Wu Peiyao , Wang Yigan , Hao Liying , Li Tianjiao , Jiang Li 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGlucosyltransferases (Gtfs), represented by GtfB and GtfC, are important virulence factors of Streptococcus mutans and the major etiologic pathogens of tooth decay. However, the individual roles of gtfB and gtfC in the initial attachment of S. mutans are not known. We used atomic force microscopy to explore the contribution of gtfB and gtfC, as well as enamel‐surface roughness, on the initial attachment of S. mutans. Adhesion forces of four S. mutans strains (wild‐type, ΔgtfB, ΔgtfC, and ΔgtfBC), onto etched enamel surfaces, were determined. Force curves showed that, with increasing etching time from 0 to 10 s, the forces of all strains increased accordingly with acid‐exposure time, the adhesion forces of wild‐type strains were significantly greater than those of mutant strains (p < .05), and the forces of the three mutants were similar (p < .05). When the etching time was increased from 10 to 30 s, difference in force between 20 and 30 s was not observed, and adhesion forces among ΔgtfB, ΔgtfC, and wild‐type strains were not significantly different when the etching time was >20 s (p > .05). These data suggest that the roughness and morphology of enamel surfaces may have a significant influence upon the initial attachment of bacteria, and that gtfB and gtfC are essential for the adhesion activity of bacteria. Furthermore, gtfB seems to be more important than gtfC for bacterial‐biofilm formation, and gtfB inactivation is an effective strategy to inhibit the virulence of cariogenic biofilms.
Tinea capitis: A single‐institution retrospective review from 2010 to 2015
Authors: Nguyen Cuong V. , Collier Sigrid , Merten Ashley H. , Maguiness Sheilagh M. , Hook Kristen P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveTinea capitis is a common infection of scalp hair in children. The prevalent etiologic organism has changed significantly over time, which may reflect the complex interaction of environmental factors, genetic predisposition, and movement of populations. We evaluate the prevalence of different infectious organisms causing tinea capitis and describe the clinical characteristics.MethodsA retrospective chart review of patients diagnosed with tinea capitis with tissue culture confirmation, who were seen in pediatric dermatology at a tertiary care center from 2010 to 2015. Patient demographics, culture data, and clinical characteristics were evaluated. Inflammatory pattern, characterized by presence of pustules, bogginess, or lymphadenopathy, was noted.ResultsForty‐six patients with culture‐positive tinea capitis were identified. In the 18 (42.9%) patients who were infected with either Trichophyton violaceum or Trichophyton soudanenese, all were of African ethnicity. In contrast, Trichophyton tonsurans was identified in a minority of African patients (3.8%), revealing a statistically significant difference between ethnicity and infective species (P‐value < 0.001). T tonsurans was significantly more likely than T violaceum to exhibit an inflammatory pattern (68% vs 22%, P value < 0.027).ConclusionsWhile T tonsurans remained the most common cause of tinea capitis, T violaceum and T soudanense have increased in prevalence. As these latter agents are less inflammatory, clinical diagnosis may be delayed. Studying changes in the infectious cause of tinea capitis can help us create a snapshot to better understand the evolution of our population make‐up, allowing us to provide crucial quality health care to all.
Basosquamous carcinoma and melanoma collision tumor in a child with xeroderma pigmentosum
Authors: Bostanci Seher , Akay Bengü Nisa , Kirmizi Ayca , Okcu Heper Aylin , Farabi Banu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractXeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis associated with hypersensitivity to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), being due to defects involving the nucleotide excision repair pathway. Patients with XP are prone to develop multiple cutaneous neoplasms including non‐melanoma skin cancers and melanoma. Collision tumors in patients with XP have been reported in the literature including the following lesions, actinic keratosis, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and in situ melanoma. Herein, we present a rare collision tumor composed of melanoma and basosquamous carcinoma in a 13‐year‐old XP patient and describe the dermoscopic features.
Hoarse cry in a newborn with epidermolysis bullosa simplex, generalized severe
Authors: Diociaiuti Andrea , Giancristoforo Simona , Pisaneschi Elisa , Condorelli Angelo Giuseppe , Boldrini Renata , Zambruno Giovanna , El Hachem May 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHoarse cry and respiratory stridor are the signs of potentially life‐threatening laryngeal involvement in selected severe and frequently early lethal subtypes of inherited epidermolysis bullosa (EB). We present a newborn with generalized skin blistering and onychodystrophy who developed a hoarse cry and inspiratory stridor. Ultrastructural skin examination revealed tonofilament clumping in basal keratinocytes and genetic testing identified the de novo missense mutation p.Arg125Cys in the KRT14 gene, consistent with EB simplex generalized severe, which is characterized by major morbidity in infancy but a favorable long‐term prognosis. The present case underlines the importance to consider EB simplex generalized severe in the differential diagnosis of EB infants presenting hoarseness and stridor.