bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growing degree‐days optimize trinexapac‐ethyl reapplications on ultradwarf bermudagrass putting greens: I. Predicting the maximum suppression point
Authors: Brown Austin M. , Harris James R. , Gonçalves Clebson G. , Peppers John M. , Magni Simone , Volterrani Marco , McElroy J. Scott 
Published: November 2020

AbstractApplying trinexapac‐ethyl (TE) is a common practice for growth suppression and quality improvement of ultradwarf bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. x C. transvaalensis Burtt‐Davy] putting greens. Previous research suggested that growing degree‐days (GDD) effectively predict the suppression of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) putting greens following a TE application, and additional research showed similar results on ultradwarf bermudagrass putting greens. Whereas temperature may be the main factor influencing turfgrass suppression following a TE application, it is likely that other environmental factors affect suppression as well. The objective of this research was to identify the optimal variable unit for predicting suppression, particularly the maximum suppression point (MSP), after a TE application on a ‘MiniVerde’ ultradwarf bermudagrass putting green. Tested variable units included calendar days (DAT), GDD (base temperatures of 0–12 °C), soil temperature (2.5 cm), global horizontal irradiance (GHI), and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). The GDD with a base temperature of 0 °C (GDD0) model predicted suppression better than the GDD with a base temperature of 10 °C (GDD10) model, GHI model, and PAR model. According to the GDD0 model (pseudo‐R2, .564; SE: 0.195), the MSP occurred at 262 GDD0 with a suppression magnitude of 61%. The models did not indicate a rebound period following the single TE application.
Optimal design of lattice wave digital fractional‐order Butterworth filter
Authors: Mahata Shibendu , Kar Rajib , Mandal Durbadal 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThis letter presents the design of digital fractional‐order Butterworth filter (DFOBF) of order (n+α), where n is an integer, and α ∈ (0,1), from the perspective of optimal realization. The magnitude–frequency characteristic of the DFOBF is optimally modeled using the computationally efficient lattice wave digital filters (LWDFs). Design examples for the third‐ and fifth‐order LWDF‐DFOBFs with various values of n, α, and cut‐off frequencies are presented.
“Azole” as privileged heterocycle for targeting the inducible cyclooxygenase enzyme
Authors: Prasher Parteek , Sharma Mousmee 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAn over‐expression of COX‐2 isoenzyme belonging to the Cyclooxygenase Enzyme Family triggers the overproduction of pro‐inflammatory prostaglandins that instigate the development of chronic inflammation and related disorders. Hence, the rationally designed drugs for mitigating over‐activity of COX‐2 isoenzyme play a regulatory role toward the alleviation of the progression of these disorders. However, a selective COX‐2 inhibition chemotherapy prompts several side effects that necessitate the identification of novel molecular scaffolds for deliberating state‐of‐the‐art drug designing strategies. The heterocyclic “azole” scaffold, being polar and hydrophilic, possesses remarkable physicochemical advantages for designing physiologically active molecules capable of interacting with a wide range of biological components, including enzymes, peptides, and metabolites. The substituted derivatives of azole nuclei enable a comprehensive SAR analysis for the appraisal of bioactive profile of the deliberated molecules for obtaining the rationally designed compounds with prominent activities. The comprehensive SAR analysis readily prompted the identification of Y‐shaped molecules and the eminence of bulkier group for COX‐2 selective inhibition. This review presents an epigrammatic collation of the pharmacophore‐profile of the chemotherapeutics based on azole motif for a selective targeting of the COX‐2 isoenzyme.
The relationship between inpatient hyperglycaemia and mortality is modified by baseline glycaemic status
Authors: Rayyan‐Assi Hana'a , Feldman Becca , Leventer‐Roberts Maya , Akriv Amichay , Raz Itamar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsThere is a well‐established association between inpatient hyperglycaemia and mortality. However, evidence is inconsistent regarding whether this association is differential among those with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Most studies are based on convenience samples or are unable to adjust for comorbidities. We examined whether the association between hyperglycaemia and 30‐day mortality was modified by baseline glycaemic status.Materials and MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of 174,671 eligible hospitalized individuals between 2012 and 2015. Thirty‐day mortality was assessed during the first inpatient stay up to 30 days post discharge. The adjusted association between hyperglycaemia and mortality was assessed with logistic regression models. Then, four interaction terms were entered into the model to assess if the association between hyperglycaemia and mortality differed by baseline glycaemic status.ResultsThe multivariate model demonstrated a 2.18‐fold risk of mortality associated with hyperglycaemia (odds ratio [OR] [95%CI]: 2.19 [2.08–2.31]). Adding the interaction terms between hyperglycaemia and baseline glycaemic status the ORs of 30‐day mortality were 1.41 (1.25–1.60) in non‐T2DM status, 1.32 (1.16–1.51) in pre‐diabetes status and 1.30 (1.04–1.62) in unscreened status, as compared to T2DM status with hyperglycaemia.ConclusionsHyperglycaemia is positively associated with mortality and both those without and with controlled T2DM are at highest risk. These findings may help medical staff identify potential increased risk of mortality upon hospital entry and discharge, and direct further research to assess how hyperglycaemia control and proactive deterioration prevention throughout the entire inpatient stay may prevent adverse outcomes.
Tissue disaggregation and isolation of specific cell types from transgenic Xenopus appendages for transcriptional analysis by FACS
Authors: Kakebeen Anneke Dixie , Chitsazan Alexander Daniel , Wills Andrea Elizabeth 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundXenopus embryos and tadpoles are versatile models for embryological, cell biological, and regenerative studies. Genomic and transcriptomic approaches have been increasingly employed in these frogs. Most of these genome‐wide analyses have profiled tissues in bulk, but there are many scenarios where isolation of single cells may be advantageous, including isolation of a preferred cell type, or generation of a single‐cell suspension for applications such as scRNA‐Seq.ResultsHere we present a protocol for the disaggregation of complex tail and limb bud tissue, and use cell type‐specific fluorescence in transgenic X. tropicalis appendages to isolate specific cell populations using fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). Our protocol addresses a specific challenge in Xenopus embryos and tadpoles: the storage of maternal yolk platelets in each cell, which can introduce light scatter and thereby false positives into FACS analysis.ConclusionsHere we gate against both nontransgenic and ubiquitously transgenic animals to reduce both false positives and false negatives. We use the Xtr.Tg(pax6:GFP;cryga:RFP;actc1:RFP)Papal transgenic line as a test case to demonstrate that nucleic acid preparations made from sorted cells are high quality and specific. We anticipate this method will be adaptable to study various cell types that have transgenic reporter lines to better profile cell types of interest.
Thought Leader Comparisons of Risks in Precision Medicine Research
Authors: Beskow Laura M. , Hammack‐Aviran Catherine M. , Brelsford Kathleen M. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBiomedical research is increasingly capitalizing on an array of data to illuminate the interplay between “omics,” lifestyle, and health. Leveraging this information presents opportunities to advance knowledge but also poses risks to research participants. In interviews with thought leaders, we asked which data type associated with a hypothetical precision medicine research endeavor was riskiest: 42% chose ongoing access to electronic health records, 17% chose genomic analyses of biospecimens, and 15% chose streaming data from mobile devices. Other responses included “It depends” (15%), the three types are equally risky (8%), and the combination of data types together is riskiest (3%). When asked to consider the hypothetical study overall, 60% rated the likelihood of the risks materializing as low, but 20% rated the potential consequences as severe. These results have implications for study design and informed consent, including placing appropriate emphasis on the risks and protections for the full range of data.
Ethical Considerations When Using a Mobile Eye Tracker in a Patient‐Facing Area: Lessons from an Intensive Care Unit Observational Protocol
Authors: Larsen Ethan P. , Kolman Jacob M. , Masud Faisal N. , Sasangohar Farzan 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTThis article describes the process of designing, approving, and conducting an investigator‐initiated protocol to use an eye‐tracking device in a health care setting. Participants wore the device, which resembles eyeglasses, in a front‐facing manner in an intensive care unit for the study of personnel gaze patterns, producing a visual record of workflow. While the data of interest for our study was not specifically the health information protected by the privacy rule of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), a wide variety of such data was captured by the eye‐tracking device, and the prospective consent of all people who might have been incidentally videotaped was not feasible. The protocol therefore required attention to unique ethical considerations—including consent, privacy and confidentiality, HIPAA compliance, institutional liability, and the use of secondary data. The richness of eye‐tracker data suggests various beneficial applications in health care occupational research and quality improvement. Therefore, sharing our study's successful design and execution, including proactive researcher‐institutional review board communication, can inform and encourage similarly valuable, ethical, and innovative audiovisual research techniques.
Spawning salmon density influences fruit production of salmonberry (Rubus spectabilis)
Authors: Siemens Lisa D. , Dennert Allison M. , Obrist Debora S. , Reynolds John D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAnnual spawning migrations by Pacific salmon can provide substantial subsidies to nutrient‐limited freshwater and riparian ecosystems, which can affect the abundance, diversity, and physical characteristics of plant and animal species in these habitats. Here, we provide the first investigation of how salmon subsidies affect reproductive output in plants, focusing on a common riparian shrub, salmonberry (Rubus spectabilis). We studied 14 streams with a range of spawning salmon densities on the central coast of British Columbia, Canada. We determined the effects of chum (Oncorhynchus keta), pink (O. gorbuscha), and total salmon spawning density on the number of fruits per shrub, number of seeds per fruit, fruit weight, and estimated sugar content (° Brix) of salmonberry fruits. We found that the number of fruits per salmonberry shrub increased with increasing salmon density. However, we found no effect of salmon density on the number of seeds per fruit, fruit weight, or sugar content. The effect of salmon density was species‐dependent; the number of fruits per shrub increased with chum salmon density but was not affected by pink salmon density. This could be because chum salmon occur at higher densities and are transferred from water to land at higher rates than pink salmon in our study area. Higher salmonberry fruit production could lead to a larger input of salmonberry fruits to coastal food webs. These results demonstrate how salmon can cross ecological boundaries and influence reproductive output of terrestrial species.
In‐hospital care in acute heart failure during the COVID‐19 pandemic: insights from the German‐wide Helios hospital network
Authors: König Sebastian , Hohenstein Sven , Meier‐Hellmann Andreas , Kuhlen Ralf , Hindricks Gerhard , Bollmann Andreas ,   Helios Hospitals, Germany
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has led to changes in health care utilization for different acute cardiovascular diseases. Whether hospitalization rates and in‐hospital mortality were affected by the pandemic in patients with acute symptomatic heart failure (HF) was investigated in this study.Methods and resultsAdministrative data provided by 67 German Helios hospitals were examined for patients with a main discharge diagnosis of HF using ICD codes. Urgent hospital admissions per day were compared for a study period (13 March–21 May 2020) with control intervals in 2020 (1 January–12 March) and 2019 (13 March–21 May), resulting in a total of 13 484 patients excluding all patients with laboratory‐proven COVID‐19 infection. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were calculated using Poisson regression. Generalized linear mixed models were used for univariable and multivariable analysis to identify predictors of in‐hospital mortality. The number of admissions per day was lower in the study period compared to the same year [IRR 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67–0.73, P < 0.01] and the previous year control group (IRR 0.73, 95% CI 0.70–0.76, P < 0.01). Age was similar throughout the intervals, but case severity increased in terms of distribution within New York Heart Association (NYHA) classes and comorbidities. Within the study period, 30‐day rates for urgent hospital readmissions were higher compared to the same year but not the previous year control group. In‐hospital mortality was 7.3% in the study period, 6.1% in the same year (P = 0.03) and 6.0% in the previous year control group (P = 0.02). In multivariable analysis, age, NYHA class and other predictors of fatal outcome were identified but hospitalization during the study period was not independently associated with mortality.ConclusionOur data showed a significant reduction of urgent hospital admissions for HF with increased case severity and concomitant in‐hospital mortality during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Germany. Identifying causes of reduced inpatient treatment rates is essential for the understanding and valuation with regard to future optimal management of patients with HF.
Optimized implementation of cardiac resynchronization therapy: a call for action for referral and optimization of care
Authors: Mullens Wilfried , Auricchio Angelo , Martens Pieter , Witte Klaus , Cowie Martin R. , Delgado Victoria , Dickstein Kenneth , Linde Cecilia , Vernooy Kevin , Leyva Francisco , Bauersachs Johann , Israel Carsten W. , Lund Lars H. , Donal Erwan , Boriani Giuseppe , Jaarsma Tiny , Berruezo Antonio , Traykov Vassil , Yousef Zaheer , Kalarus Zbigniew , Cosedis Nielsen Jens , Steffel Jan , Vardas Panos , Coats Andrew , Seferovic Petar , Edvardsen Thor , Heidbuchel Hein , Ruschitzka Frank , Leclercq Christophe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is one of the most effective therapies for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and leads to improved quality of life, reductions in heart failure hospitalization rates and all‐cause mortality. Nevertheless, up to two‐thirds of eligible patients are not referred for CRT. Furthermore, post‐implantation follow‐up is often fragmented and suboptimal, hampering the potential maximal treatment effect. This joint position statement from three European Society of Cardiology Associations, Heart Failure Association (HFA), European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) and European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI), focuses on optimized implementation of CRT. We offer theoretical and practical strategies to achieve more comprehensive CRT referral and post‐procedural care by focusing on four actionable domains: (i) overcoming CRT under‐utilization, (ii) better understanding of pre‐implant characteristics, (iii) abandoning the term ‘non‐response’ and replacing this by the concept of disease modification, and (iv) implementing a dedicated post‐implant CRT care pathway.
Effects of the variation of diffusion coefficients in the potentiometric stripping analysis
Authors: Lovrić Milivoj 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA simple steady state model of potentiometric stripping analysis and its derivative mode that are influenced by the film of adsorbed substance that hinders the diffusion of oxidant and metal ions is developed. The dependence of stripping time and the maximum in the derivative mode on the degree of inhibition is calculated. The responses are enhanced if the flux of oxidant is diminished.
Characterization of major odor‐active compounds responsible for nutty flavor in Cheddar cheese according to Chinese taste
Authors: Chen Chen , Zhou Wenya , Yu Haiyan , Yuan Jiajie , Tian Huaixiang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA nutty flavor is desirable in Cheddar cheese and is easily accepted by most Chinese consumers. Although compounds responsible for nutty flavor in cheeses have been documented, no final conclusions have been reached. In this study, nine samples of top‐selling Cheddar cheeses in the Chinese market were selected, and the odor‐active compounds responsible for the nutty flavor in these samples were studied by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), gas chromatography‐olfactometry (GC‐O), sensory evaluation, and aroma addition experiment. Forty‐nine volatile flavor compounds were identified by GC‐MS via headspace‐solid‐phase microextraction, and 14 odor‐active compounds were identified by GC‐O. It was determined that 2‐methylbutanal, 3‐methylbutanal, and benzaldehyde contributed to the nutty flavor of Cheddar cheese, according to Chinese tastes. The addition of suitable concentrations of these compounds to a model of Cheddar cheese without nutty flavor resulted in the perception of nutty aroma by sensory analysis. These results indicate that 2‐methylbutanal, 3‐methylbutanal, and benzaldehyde are the key aroma‐active compounds, which could make positive contributions to the nutty flavor of Cheddar cheese and favored by Chinese consumers within a certain concentration range.
Characterization of aroma‐active compounds in Jasminum sambac concrete by aroma extract dilution analysis and odour activity value
Authors: Zhang Jinglin , Li Juan , Wang Juan , Sun Baoguo , Liu Yuping , Huang Mingquan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractJasminum sambac is a flower and usually used in food, cosmetics or other chemical industries for its unique flavour characteristics in China. However, molecular sensory technologies have not applied to identify aroma‐active compounds in J sambac concrete. In this study, gas chromatography‐olfactometry (GC‐O), gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry and solvent‐assisted flavour evaporation were applied to isolate the odorants in three Chinese J sambac concrete (E1, E2 and E3) obtained from different companies. A total of forty‐nine, forty‐eight, thirty‐nine odorants were screened by GC‐O with aroma extract dilution analysis in E1, E2 and E3, respectively. The higher flavour dilution (FD) factors were linalool (19 683‐59 049, floral), methyl anthranilate (6561‐19 683, grape‐like) and benzyl acetate (2187‐19 683, floral). Twenty‐two aroma compounds were quantitated by gas chromatography‐flame ionization detection with internal standard, and then their odour activity values were obtained. Linalool, cis‐3‐hexenyl acetate, linalyl acetate, eugenol and methyl salicylate contributed greatly to the aroma of J sambac concretes. The aroma recombination model was established by mixing twenty‐two key odorants based on their measured concentrations, and the result revealed that the overall aroma profile was similar to that of the original sample. These results proved basic data for improvement of the national standard of jasmine concrete.
DICER1‐associated embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and adenosarcoma of the gynecologic tract: Pathology, molecular genetics, and indications for molecular testing
Authors: Apellaniz‐Ruiz Maria , McCluggage W. Glenn , Foulkes William D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGynecologic sarcomas are uncommon neoplasms, the majority occurring in the uterus. Due to the diverse nature of these, the description of “new” morphological types and the rarity of some of them, pathological diagnosis and treatment is often challenging. Finding genetic alterations specific to, and frequently occurring, in a certain type can aid in the diagnosis. DICER1 is a highly conserved ribonuclease crucial in the biogenesis of microRNAs and mutations in DICER1 (either somatic or germline) have been detected in a wide range of sarcomas including genitourinary embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas (ERMS) and adenosarcomas. Importantly, DICER1‐associated sarcomas share morphological features irrespective of the site of origin such that the pathologist can strongly suspect a DICER1 association. A review of the literature shows that almost all gynecologic ERMS reported (outside of the vagina) harbor DICER1 alterations, while approximately 20% of adenosarcomas also do so. These two tumor types exhibit significant morphological overlap and DICER1 tumor testing may be helpful in distinguishing between them, because a negative result makes ERMS unlikely. Given that germline pathogenic DICER1 variants are frequent in uterine (corpus and cervix) ERMS and pathogenic germline variants in this gene cause a hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome (DICER1 syndrome), patients diagnosed with these neoplasms should be referred to medical genetic services. Cooperation between pathologists and geneticists is crucial and will help in improving the diagnosis and management of these uncommon sarcomas.
Quantification of NG2‐positivity for the precise prediction of KMT2A gene rearrangements in childhood acute leukemia
Authors: Zerkalenkova Elena , Mikhaylova Ekaterina , Lebedeva Svetlana , Illarionova Olga , Baidun Liudmila , Kashpor Svetlana , Osipova Elena , Maschan Michael , Maschan Alexey , Novichkova Galina , Olshanskaya Yulia , Popov Alexander 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIt has long been known that there is a link between neuron glial antigen 2 (NG2) surface expression and KMT2A gene rearrangements in acute leukemia (AL). However, the exact levels of NG2 positivity that predict the presence of KMT2A rearrangement are not known. The current study focuses on a cohort of 505 pediatric AL patients who showed any level of positive NG2 expression (greater than 1% of cells) for whom comprehensive genetic data were available. NG2 expression was measured as either the percentage of positive cells or the number of molecules on the cell surface. KMT2A gene rearrangements were identified by FISH. The fusion partner was detected with RT‐PCR, LDI‐PCR or anchored multiplex PCR followed by high‐throughput sequencing. KMT2A‐positive samples comprised a substantial proportion of the NG2‐positive cohort (180 of 505, 36%), with a total of 19 different types of translocation. Despite its occurrence in other AL genetic subgroups, NG2 expression was significantly increased in AL patients with KMT2A rearrangements in terms of both the cell percentage and number of molecules per cell. The threshold levels (TL) for NG2‐positivity were established by ROC analysis of the whole cohort and separately for children less than 1 years old and older with lymphoblastic (ALL) and myeloid (AML) leukemia. The lowest TL was defined in infants with ALL (7%), while in older children, the threshold was higher (12%). In AML patients, the situation was reversed, with 28% NG2‐positivity in infants and 14% in patients >1 year old. The defined TLs resulted in improved diagnostic performance compared to the conventional thresholds of 10% and 20% for all patient groups.