bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Varieties: Fatty Acid Profiles and Upgrading of γ‐Linolenic Acid–Containing Hemp Seed Oils
Authors: Alonso‐Esteban José Ignacio , González‐Fernández María José , Fabrikov Dmitri , Torija‐Isasa Esperanza , Sánchez‐Mata María de Cortes , Guil‐Guerrero José Luis 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHemp seeds (HS) constitute a rich nutrient source and contain γ‐linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3, n‐6), which is a healthy fatty acid (FA). The objectives of this research are i) to look for GLA‐rich varieties of unhusked hemp seeds (UHS) and commercial hulled hemp seeds (HHS); ii) to check the influence of different extracting systems on both oil yield and FA profiles; iii) to test a simultaneous oil extraction/GLA‐enrichment process looking to improve GLA content. Hop and European hackberry seeds (both from Cannabaceae family) are also analyzed for comparative purposes. GLA is the most discriminant FA among UHS varieties, ranging in both UHS and HHS seeds from 0.5% to 4.5% of total FA, while hop seeds are the richest GLA source from Cannabaceae (7.2% of total FA). The extraction system selected for hemp seeds processing has a clear influence on oil yields, although, the FA profiles are slightly modified. The use of n‐hexane and n‐hexane:acetone in extractions allows an improvement in oil yields at the same GLA percentage. A process comprising saponification and subsequent cooling allows the improvement of GLA percentage in both hemp and hop seeds extracts at values higher than 10% of total FA, at high yields (>70%).Practical Applications: The global HS market increases significantly year after year and the demand of hemp products is increasing rapidly. The natural GLA sources in nature are limited, and although hemp contains GLA, this reaches low percentages in the oil. Hemp is a well‐established crop with highly standardized agricultural technologies, thus, the development of any well‐designed processes feasible for application in oil extraction industries, would allow the development of new GLA‐based functional seed oils. This would boost the development of the agricultural and food industries dedicated to revaluing hemp products.
Acetylcholinesterase Sensor with Patterned Structure for Detecting Organophosphorus Pesticides Based on Titanium Dioxide Sol‐gel Carrier
Authors: Hu Huaying , Wang Bo , Li Yiru , Wang Pengchang , Yang Lianqiao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, novel and stable acetylcholinesterase (AChE) sensor with patterned structure for detecting organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) based on titanium dioxide sol‐gel carrier was proposed and prepared. Biosensor was assembled by dropping titanium oxide, chitosan (CS) and enzyme to the surface of the glass carbon step by step. The concentration range of the sensor detection for dichlorvos (DDVP) is 1.13 nM to 22.6 μM, and the limit of detection (LOD) is 0.23 nM. It can also detect dichlorvos in cabbage juice samples accurately. The preparation of biosensor adopted a patterned novel structure for the first time, which opens a new way for the structure optimization of organophosphorus pesticide sensor.
Highly Selective Nanostructured Electrochemical Sensor Utilizing Densely Packed Ultrathin Gold Nanowires Film
Authors: Dervisevic Esma , Dervisevic Muamer , Wang Yan , Malaver‐Ortega Luis F. , Cheng Wenlong , Tuck Kellie L. , Voelcker Nicolas H. , Cadarso Victor J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe number of studies conducted about nonenzymatic electrochemical sensors has increased in recent years due to the development of more stable and robust electrodes using noble metals. One of the key aspects for achieving high sensing performance including detection limit and sensitivity is the design of electrode architecture. Herein, we report a new electrochemical sensing platform featuring ultrathin standing gold nanowires (AuNWs) for nonenzymatic detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The use of AuNWs resulted in an increased electron transfer efficiency due to the higher active surface area compared to traditional gold film electrodes. This sensor demonstrates good selectivity, reproducibility, a linear range up to 49.5 mM of H2O2 with a sensitivity of 0.185±0.003 mAmM−1cm−2 and a limit of detection of 111 μM. The biological relevance of this sensor was tested in cell culture media to illustrate the performance of the proposed sensing electrode in complex biological media.
Future trends and main concepts of adaptive facade systems
Authors: Attia Shady , Lioure Romain , Declaude Quentin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThere is a growing interest in adaptive facade technologies to counter overheating problems and well‐being concerns in smart and high‐performance buildings. However, traditional literature review studies do not necessarily provide deep insights into the future trends of adaptive facade technologies. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a novel conceptual framework and technological classification for adaptive facades in the future. Our research methodology includes a literature review expert interviews and content analysis. In‐depth interviews with 27 international adaptive facade experts were conducted with a focus on the European context. The results categorize the adaptive facade technologies under four promising families and present a conceptual framework that identifies human‐centered design, smart building operating systems, service‐driven solutions, circularity, and materials as the main drivers of the facade technological advancements. Overall, this methodology yields new and rich qualitative knowledge related to adaptive facades; however, it has certain limitations, such as being time‐consuming. The research provides insights on future delivery processes and the future structural trends of adaptive facades. The new categorization and framework articulate the multifunctionality and performance requirements of facade technologies including smartness, automation, comfort, and well‐being.
Synchronicity of excitatory inputs drives hippocampal networks to distinct oscillatory patterns
Authors: Geschwill Pascal , Kaiser Martin E. , Grube Paul , Lehmann Nadja , Thome Christian , Draguhn Andreas , Hollnagel Jan‐Oliver , Both Martin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe rodent hippocampus expresses a variety of neuronal network oscillations depending on the behavioral state of the animal. Locomotion and active exploration are accompanied by theta‐nested gamma oscillations while resting states and slow‐wave sleep are dominated by intermittent sharp wave‐ripple complexes. It is believed that gamma rhythms create a framework for efficient acquisition of information whereas sharp wave‐ripples are thought to be involved in consolidation and retrieval of memory. While not strictly mutually exclusive, one of the two patterns usually dominates in a given behavioral state. Here we explore how different input patterns induce either of the two network states, using an optogenetic stimulation approach in hippocampal brain slices of mice. We report that the pattern of the evoked oscillation depends strongly on the initial synchrony of activation of excitatory cells within CA3. Short, synchronous activation favors the emergence of sharp wave‐ripple complexes while persistent but less synchronous activity—as typical for sensory input during exploratory behavior—supports the generation of gamma oscillations. This dichotomy is reflected by different degrees of synchrony of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic currents within these two states. Importantly, the induction of these two fundamental network patterns does not depend on the presence of any neuromodulatory transmitter like acetylcholine, but is merely based on a different synchrony in the initial activation pattern.
Investigating young water fractions in a small Mediterranean mountain catchment: Both precipitation forcing and sampling frequency matter
Authors: Gallart Francesc , Valiente María , Llorens Pilar , Cayuela Carles , Sprenger Matthias , Latron Jérôme 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe proportion of water younger than 2–3 months (young water fraction, Fyw) has become increasingly investigated in catchment hydrology. Fyw is typically estimated by comparing seasonal tracer cycles in precipitation and streamflow, through water sampling. However, some open research questions remain, such as: (i) whether part of the summer precipitation should be discarded because the high evapotranspiration demand, (ii) how well Fyw serves as a metric to compare catchments, and (iii) how sampling frequency affects Fyw estimates. To address these questions, we investigated Fyw in soil‐, ground‐ and stream waters for the small Mediterranean Can Vila catchment. Rainfall was sampled at 5‐mm intervals. Mobile soil water and groundwater were sampled fortnightly. Stream water was sampled depending on flow at variable time intervals (30 min to 1 week). Over 58 months, this sampling provided 1,529 δ18O determinations. Isotopic analyses results led us to include summer precipitation in the input signal. We found the highest Fyw in mobile soil waters (34%), while this was almost zero for groundwater except during wet periods. For stream waters, Fyw depended on the discharge variations, so that the flow‐weighted young water fraction () was 22.6%, whereas the time‐weighted Fyw was just 6.2%. Both and its discharge sensitivity (Sd) varied when different 12‐month sampling periods were investigated. The young water fraction that would be obtained from a virtual thorough sampling () was estimated from the Sd and the observed stream flow. This showed an underestimation of by 25% for the frequent dynamic sampling and 66% for weekly sampling, due to missing high flows. Our results confirm that Fyw and its discharge sensitivity are metrics very sensitive to meteorological forcing during the analysed period. Thus, comparisons between catchments need long‐term mean annual values and their variability. Our findings also support the dependence of Fyw estimates on the sampling rate and show the advantages of flow‐weighted analysis. Finally, catchment water turnover investigations should be accompanied by the analysis of flow duration curves.
Compare water supply and water demand—A model for a better understanding of water management in ancient times by the example of Assyrian settlements along the lower Ḫābūr River*
Authors: Röttcher Klaus 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe understanding of water management can be key to the understanding of cultures. The collaboration between archaeology and water management gives rise to new and interesting insights into the function and use of hydraulic structures and water management in ancient civilizations. In this article the concept was introduced of how water supply and water demand can be compared to check especially how many people could exist in an area. This concept was developed and tested by the situation of Assyrian settlements along the Ḫābūr River with a part of the available archaeology data. Further discussions between experts on water management and archaeology could improve this concept. Displaying water management is an essential contribution to the understanding of the canal system along the Lower Ḫābūr River and its importance for the local population. Extensive research into the processing and incorporation of all available data can further refine the route of the canal. The developed concept is also an idea for other archaeology projects in arid and semi‐arid regions to check if the water supply is enough for the estimated number of people.
Decellularized extracellular matrix‐rich hydrogel–silver nanoparticle mixture as a potential treatment for acute liver failure model
Authors: Ahmed Ebtehal , Saleh Tarek , Yu Lina , Song Su‐Hyeon , Park Kyung‐Mee , Kwak Ho‐Hyun , Woo Heung‐Myong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAcute liver failure (ALF) occurs due to severe liver damage that triggers rapid loss of normal liver function. Here, we investigate the usefulness of an injectable liver extracellular matrix (LECM)‐rich hydrogel generated from an optimized decellularization protocol incorporated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a promising therapy for ALF. First, we optimized a non‐destructive protocol for rat liver decellularization to obtain ECM‐rich well‐preserved scaffold. Then, LECM hydrogel generated from two commonly used decellularization protocols were compared by LECM hydrogel obtained from our optimized protocol. The ALF model was induced by an intraperitoneal (IP) thioacetamide (TAA) injection followed by the IP injection of LECM hydrogel, collagen–AgNP mixture, or LECM hydrogel–AgNP mixture. LECM‐rich scaffold and hydrogel were successfully obtained using our optimized decellularization protocol. Use of the LECM hydrogel–AgNP mixture to treat TAA‐induced ALF greatly improved liver injury and histological liver regeneration. Interleukin‐6 and transforming growth factor‐beta expressions were significantly reduced, while albumin, hepatocyte growth factor, and Ki67‐positive cells were highly expressed. Moreover, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase plasma levels and liver homogenate nitric oxide level were significantly lowered. In conclusion, the LECM hydrogel–AgNP mixture has potential efficient therapeutic and regenerative effects on TAA‐induced liver injury.
Psychometric properties of the Italian version of the sense of community responsibility scale
Authors: Prati Gabriele , Procentese Fortuna , Albanesi Cinzia , Cicognani Elvira , Fedi Angela , Gatti Flora , Mannarini Terri , Rochira Alessia , Tartaglia Stefano , Boyd Neil , Nowell Branda , Gattino Silvia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe central aim of the present research was to examine the psychometric properties of adapted versions of the sense of community (SOC) responsibility scale in three Italian samples. We examined the psychometric properties of three modified versions of the sense of community responsibility (SOC‐R) scale. Consistent with the original scale, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated that the scale was unidimensional and exhibited excellent internal consistency. In addition, factor analyses revealed that SOC responsibility and SOC are two separate, albeit related, constructs. The results also provided evidence of the discriminant validity of SOC and SOC‐R on key outcomes. Taken together, these results provide support for the Community Experience Model, which posits that community experiences are a function of resource and responsibility components, as well as for the adaptable nature of the SOC‐R scale to the Italian context.
“It feels like home”: Transgender youth in the Midwest and conceptualizations of community climate
Authors: Paceley Megan S. , Sattler Patricia , Goffnett Jacob , Jen Sarah 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCommunity climate toward sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth is associated with higher rates of victimization and poorer health and wellbeing‐related outcomes such as depression and suicidal ideation. However, this field of research has underemphasized the experiences of transgender youth, particularly within the Midwestern context which is marked by vast rurality and characterized as sociopolitically conservative. Using qualitative and community‐based methods, this study identified factors that impact community climate from the perspective of transgender youth (n = 19) in the Midwest and situated them within the Ecological Systems Theory (EST). Thematic analysis of interviews revealed four themes: resources, visibility, policies, and ideologies. Themes often crossed levels within the EST, indicating the complexity and interrelated nature of climate across local, regional, and national contexts. Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed.
Sex‐dependent effects of postweaning exposure to an enriched environment on novel objective recognition memory and anxiety‐like behaviors: The role of hippocampal BDNF level
Authors: Sakhaie Nona , Sadegzadeh Farshid , Mohammadnia Alireza , Dadkhah Masoumeh , Saadati Hakimeh 
Published: May 2020

AbstractExposure to enriched environment (EE) has been indicated to enhance cognitive functions, hippocampal neural plasticity, neurogenesis, long‐term potentiation, and levels of the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in laboratory animals. Also, studies on the sex‐dependent effects of exposure to EE during adolescence on adult cognitive functions are less. This is important because the beneficial effects of EE may be predominant in the adolescence stage. Therefore, the present study was designed to compare the effects of EE during adolescence (PND21‐PND60) on novel objective recognition memory (NORM), anxiety‐like behaviors, and hippocampal BDNF mRNA level in the adult male and female rats. Assessment of NORM and anxiety‐like behaviors has been done by novel objective recognition task, open field (OF), and elevated plus maze (EPM), respectively. The expression of BDNF mRNA level was also evaluated by quantitative RT‐PCR. Our findings demonstrated that housing in the EE during adolescence improves NORM in adult male rats. Also, exposure to EE during adolescence had a different effect on anxiety‐like behaviors in both sexes. Additionally, our results indicated an augmented BDNF level in the hippocampus of male and female rats. In conclusion, adolescent exposure to EE has sex‐dependent effects on cognitive functions and anxiety‐like behaviors and increases BDNF mRNA expression in the hippocampus of both male and female rats; thus, BDNF is an important factor that can mediate the beneficial effects of EE and running exercise on cognitive functions and psychiatric traits.
Hyaluronan primes the oxidative burst in human neutrophils
Authors: Niemietz Iwona , Moraes Abigail T , Sundqvist Martina , Brown Kelly L 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a glycosaminoglycan that in its natural, high molecular mass (HMM) form, promotes tissue repair and homeostasis. With inflammation, HA metabolism and HMM HA fragmentation to low molecular mass (LMM) forms is greatly enhanced. Considerable evidence suggests that LMM HA may act as a damage-associated molecular pattern to initiate innate immune responses. However, the responsiveness of myeloid cells to LMM HA is controversial and largely unknown for neutrophils. Peripheral blood cells from healthy donors were incubated ex vivo with pharmaceutical grade HA of different molecular mass (HMM, LMM, and HA fragments &lt;10 kDa). Key innate immune functions were assessed, namely production of cytokines and reactive oxygen species release (ROS), granule mobilization, and apoptosis. None of the tested sizes of HA altered cytokine production by PBMC and neutrophils. Also, HA had no effect on neutrophil granule mobilization and apoptosis. In contrast, HA primed neutrophils for rapid and robust release of ROS in response to a secondary stimulus (N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl phenylalanine). Priming occurred within 20 min of exposure to HA and was similar for all tested molecular mass. The observed effect was independent of granule mobilization and associated with the activation of intracellular signaling pathways involving Src family kinases, glycogen synthase kinase-3, and the proline-rich Akt substrate of 40 kDa. Our findings provide new evidence that HA, irrespective of molecular mass, is a specific priming agent of the neutrophil oxidative burst, which is a critical, early component of an innate immune response.
Spatiotemporal evaluation of the geomorphological state of beach‐dune systems using management criteria
Authors: Roig‐Munar Francesc X. , Garcia‐Lozano Carla , Pintó Josep , Martín‐Prieto José A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article analyses the spatiotemporal evolution (spanning 1956 to 2016) of two large bays located on the Costa Brava coast: the Gulf of Roses and Bay of Pals (NW Mediterranean, Spain). This research demonstrates how the status of dunes is related to management measures. For this purpose, a matrix of 11 variables was used to assess the management procedures and geo‐environmental conservation status of each sector. The 12 beach‐dune systems assessed have been classified into four stages according to their degree of degradation over time: 1—systems in a natural state (two beaches), 2—very altered or disappeared dune systems (three beaches), 3—remaining systems (three beaches), and 4—systems in recovery state (four beaches). The results show that well‐conserved and recovered dunes are strongly associated with management measures such as rope off dunes, managed paths, and lack of mechanical cleaning. On the contrary, remaining and beaches where dunes have disappeared are located in urban or semiurban areas associated with a lack of management measures. The sustainable and soft management actions applied during the recent years in the studied area have led the dunes toward their recovery after degradation caused by visitors.
Individual Nudix hydrolases affect diverse features of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Drabinska Joanna , Ziecina Mateusz , Modzelan Marta , Jagura‐Burdzy Grazyna , Kraszewska Elzbieta 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNudix proteins catalyze the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate bonds in a variety of substrates and are ubiquitous in all domains of life. The genome of an important opportunistic human pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, encodes multiple Nudix proteins. To determine the role of nine Nudix hydrolases of the P. aeruginosa PAO1161 strain in its fitness, virulence or antibiotic resistance mutants devoid of individual enzymes were constructed and analyzed for growth rate, motility, biofilm formation, pyocyanin production, and susceptibility to oxidative stress and different antibiotics. The potential effect on bacterial virulence was studied using the Caenorhabditis elegans–P. aeruginosa infection model. Of the nine mutants tested, five had an altered phenotype in comparison with the wild‐type strain. The ΔPA3470, ΔPA3754, and ΔPA4400 mutants showed increased pyocyanin production, were more resistant to the β‐lactam antibiotic piperacillin, and were more sensitive to killing by H2O2. In addition, ΔPA4400 and ΔPA5176 had impaired swarming motility and were less virulent for C. elegans. The ΔPA4841 had an increased sensitivity to oxidative stress. These changes were reversed by providing the respective nudix gene in trans indicating that the observed phenotype alterations were indeed due to the lack of the particular Nudix protein.
Myoclonus: An Electrophysiological Diagnosis
Authors: Merchant Shabbir Hussain I. , Vial‐Undurraga Felipe , Leodori Giorgio , van Gerpen Jay A. , Hallett Mark 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundMany different movement disorders have similar “jerk‐like” phenomenology and can be misconstrued as myoclonus. Different types of myoclonus also share similar phenomenological characteristics that can be difficult to distinguish solely based on clinical exam. However, they have distinctive physiologic characteristics that can help refine categorization of jerk‐like movements.ObjectivesIn this review, we briefly summarize the clinical, physiologic, and pathophysiologic characteristics of different types of myoclonus. The methodology and technical considerations for the electrophysiologic assessment of jerk‐like movements are reviewed. A simplistic pragmatic approach for the classification of myoclonus and other jerk‐like movements based on objective electrophysiologic characteristics is proposed.ConclusionsClinical neurophysiology is an underutilized tool in the diagnosis and treatment of movement disorders. Various jerk‐like movements have distinguishing physiologic characteristics, differentiated in the milliseconds range, which is beyond human capacity. We argue that the categorization of movement disorders as myoclonus can be refined based on objective physiology that can have important prognostic and therapeutic implications.