bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MAKNA IMAN ISLAM DAN KUFR MENURUT FARID ESACK DAN KONTEKSTUALISASINYA PADA CIVIL SOCIETY
Authors: Asnani Mahdi 
Published: November 2019

“Tulisan ini menjelaskan tentang masalah definisi etis kawan dan lawan yang sering menjadi sebab perselisihan antar civiity (masyarakat). Definisi etis yang paling sering disinggung di dalam al-Qur’an adalah iman dan kufr (“percaya” dan “tidak percaya”). Dalam wacana muslim, kata Iman sering diganti dengan Islam sebagai istilah kunci bagi identifikasi diri. Farid Esack menawarkan pemaknaan ulang terhadap Iman, Islam, dan Kufr. Bahwa Iman bersifat dinamis, Islam adalah sebuah ketundukan dan Kufr adalah menghalangi dan menutupi perbuatan baik. Dalam penelitian bersifat kepustakaan ini, penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif analitis. Sehingga lebih dahulu dipaparkan bagaimana Farid Esack memaknai Iman, Islam, dan Kufr. Adapun kontekstualisasi dari makna Iman dalam civil society adalah bagaimana membangun karakter kepercayaan pada Negara, musyawarah sebagai alat demokrasi, menciptakan rasa aman, memelihara kedamaian, dan keseimbangan sosial. Selanjutnya dari makna Islam diciptakan karakter kepatuhan pada Negara, menjadi Islam moderat, memberi keselamatan, menciptakan keharmonisan sosial, dan bersikap bijaksana. Dan dari makna kufr muncul civil society karakter keterbukaan pada Negara, terbuka dengan pendapat yang berbeda, kebebasan dalam bermasyarakat, saling menghargai, dan menjaga keseimbangan sosial.”
KAJIAN RESEPSI SASTRA DAN NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM NOVEL FAITH AND THE CITY KARYA HANUM SALSABIELA RAIS DAN RANGGA ALMAHENDRA
Authors: Lisnaini Septi , Isnaniah Siti 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan yaitu mendeskripsikan resepsi pembaca novel Faith and The City karya Hanum Salsabiela Rais dan Rangga Almahendra. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian studi pustaka dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik analisis isi dokumen dan teknik wawancara. Peneliti menggunakan berbagai teknik pengumpulan data (analisis isi dokumen yang mendalam) dan menggunakan teori kajian resepsi sastra. Kemudian teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis model interaktif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan resepsi pembaca novel Faith and The City karya Hanum Salsabiela Rais dan Rangga Almahendra ini memiliki persepsi yang tidak jauh berbeda, yaitu mereka sepakat bahwa novel Faith and The City merupakan novel yang yang sangat unik, menarik, dan representatif dibaca oleh semua kalangan. Banyak pembelajaran dan nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter yang positif dapat diambil pelajarannya bagi pembaca.
Kata Kunci:
Genetic Diversity, Population Structure, and Linkage Disequilibrium of Pearl Millet
Authors: Serba Desalegn D. , Muleta Kebede T. , St. Amand Paul , Bernardo Amy , Bai Guihua , Perumal Ramasamy , Bashir Elfadil 
Published: November 2019

Core Ideas
Mapping of GBS reads of 398 accessions to the draft genome sequence identified 82,112 SNPs
Model‐based clustering analysis revealed a hierarchical genetic structure of six subgroups
Greater LD decay in the west‐African subpopulation is likely due to long history of recombination
Genetic differentiation analysis among subpopulations revealed variation in selection signatures
Pearl millet [Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone syn. Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is one of the most extensively cultivated cereals in the world, after wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), maize (Zea mays L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. It is the main component of traditional farming systems and a staple food in the arid and semiarid regions of Africa and southern Asia. However, its genetic improvement is lagging behind other major cereals and the yield is still low. Genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS)‐based single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were screened on a total of 398 accessions from different geographic regions to assess genetic diversity, population structure, and linkage disequilibrium (LD). By mapping the GBS reads to the reference genome sequence, 82,112 genome‐wide SNPs were discovered. The telomeric regions of the chromosomes have the higher SNP density than in pericentromeric regions. Model‐based clustering analysis of the population revealed a hierarchical genetic structure of six subgroups that mostly overlap with the geographic origins or sources of the genotypes but with differing levels of admixtures. A neighbor‐joining phylogeny analysis revealed that germplasm from western Africa rooted the dendrogram with much diversity within each subgroup. Greater LD decay was observed in the west‐African subpopulation than in the other subpopulations, indicating a long history of recombination among landraces. Also, genome scan of genetic differentiatation detected different selection histories among subpopulations. These results have potential application in the development of genomic‐assisted breeding in pearl millet and heterotic grouping of the lines for improved hybrid performance.
Profiling SNP and Nucleotide Diversity to Characterize Mekong Delta Rice Landraces in Southeast Asian Populations
Authors: Tam Nguyen Thanh , Dwiyanti Maria Stefanie , Koide Yohei , Nagano Atsushi J. , Ky Huynh , Tin Huynh Quang , Hien Nguyen Loc , Dung Le Viet , Kishima Yuji 
Published: November 2019

Core Ideas
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses are a powerful tool to examine structure of local rice population.
3000 dataset of IRRI facilitates SNP profiling of Southeast Asian rice populations.
Mekong Delta population is featured by comparisons with the other populations.
The low π‐value SNPs well‐profile unique genetic regions in their genomes.
Recent analyses using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) are a feasible mean for local collections which potentially possess useful, but not large, genetic variations. Genomic sequences of more than 3000 accessions released by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) can be used to characterize various local rice (Oryza sativa) populations. The aim of this study was to develop a method to facilitate genomic characterization of local rice populations. We mainly used 99 indica rice accessions (81 landraces and 18 improved varieties) from the Mekong Delta Development Research Institute (MDI). We obtained 2301 SNPs after a genomic sequencing analysis of the 99 rice accessions and subsequent filtering. Within the IRRI's dataset, the landraces fell into a cluster consisting of accessions from Southeast Asian countries (Ind3 cluster), and the MDI improved varieties were grouped in a cluster containing IRRI improved varieties (Ind1B cluster). A principal component analysis suggested that geographical location strongly affects phylogenetic relationships, and the MDI landraces were placed into a Vietnam+Cambodia group. To detect the nucleotide diversity within a population, π‐value is commonly used. We think that whole genome distribution of π‐values representing the nucleotide diversity of each population can be used to characterize local populations. Our simple profiling using low π‐value genomic regions was able to reveal regional characteristics of rice genomes and should be useful for identifying local rice populations.
Isotopes of Barium as a Chronometer for Supernova Dust Formation
Authors: Ott Ulrich , Stephan Thomas , Hoppe Peter , Savina Michael R. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Ejecta from the explosion of massive stars (core-collapse supernovae) make an important contribution to dust in the interstellar medium. However, dust formation around supernovae is not a simple process, with the formation of several components over time. In particular, the exact timing is a matter of debate. Here, we demonstrate that the isotopic composition of barium in supernova grains that survived in primitive meteorites constitutes a potential chronometer. For a subset of supernova silicon carbide grains (X1 grains), the Ba isotopes indicate that they formed at roughly the same time, and that, at this time, a substantial fraction of the freshly produced unstable 137Cs (half-life 30 yr) had already decayed into 137Ba. Application to the 137Cs/137Ba system of nucleosynthesis models that replicate the abundance patterns of stable neutron capture isotopes in these grains indicates a surprisingly late (∼20 yr) timescale for condensation, a conclusion that naturally rests on the reliability of these models.
Dust Formation in AGN Winds
Authors: Sarangi Arkaprabha , Dwek Eli , Kazanas Demos 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Infrared observations of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) reveal emission from the putative dusty circumnuclear “torus” invoked by AGN unification, which is heated up by radiation from the central accreting black hole (BH). The strong 9.7 and 18 μm silicate features observed in the AGN spectra, in both emission and absorption, further indicate the presence of such dusty environments. We present detailed calculations of the chemistry of silicate dust formation in AGN accretion disk winds. The winds considered herein are magnetohydrodynamic winds driven off the entire accretion disk domain that extends from the BH vicinity to the radius of BH influence, of order ∼1–100 pc depending on the mass of the resident BH. Our results indicate that these winds provide conditions conducive to the formation of significant amounts of dust, especially for objects accreting close to their Eddington limit, making AGNs a significant source of dust in the universe, especially for luminous quasars. Our models justify the importance of an r
−1 density law in the winds for efficient formation and survival of dust grains. The dust production rate scales linearly with the mass of the central BH and varies as a power law of index between 2 and 2.5 with the dimensionless mass accretion rate. The resultant distribution of the dense dusty gas resembles a toroidal shape, with high column density and optical depths along the equatorial viewing angles, in agreement with the AGN unification picture.
Chemistry on Rotating Grain Surfaces: Ro-thermal Desorption of Molecules from Ice Mantles
Authors: Hoang Thiem , Tung Ngo-Duy 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
It is widely believed that water and complex organic molecules (COMs) first form in the ice mantle of dust grains and are subsequently returned into the gas due to grain heating by intense radiation of protostars. Previous research on the desorption of molecules from the ice mantle assumed that grains are at rest, which is contrary to the fact that grains are suprathermally rotating as a result of their interaction with an anisotropic radiation or gas flow. To clearly understand how molecules are released into the gas phase, the effect of grain suprathermal rotation on surface chemistry must be quantified. In this paper, we study the effect of suprathermal rotation of dust grains spun-up by radiative torques on the desorption of molecules from icy grain mantles around protostars. We show that centrifugal potential energy due to grain rotation reduces the potential barrier of molecules and significantly enhances their desorption rate. We term this mechanism rotational-thermal or ro-thermal desorption. We apply the ro-thermal mechanism for studying the desorption of molecules from icy grains that are simultaneously heated to high temperatures and spun-up to suprathermal rotation by an intense radiation of protostars. We find that ro-thermal desorption is much more efficient than thermal desorption for molecules with high binding energy such as water and COMs. Our results have important implications for understanding the origin of COMs detected in star-forming regions and call for attention to the effect of suprathermal rotation of icy grains to use molecules as a tracer of physical conditions of star-forming regions.
Numerical Simulation and Completeness Survey of Bubbles in the Taurus and Perseus Molecular Clouds
Authors: Liu Mengting , Li Di , Krčo Marko , Ho Luis C. , Xu Duo , Li Huixian 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Previous studies have analyzed the energy injection into the interstellar matter due to molecular bubbles. They found that the total kinetic energies of bubbles are comparable to, or even larger than, those of outflows but still less than the gravitational potential and turbulence energies of the hosting clouds. We examined the possibility that previous studies underestimated the energy injection due to being unable to detect dim or incomplete bubbles. We simulated typical molecular bubbles and inserted them into the 13CO Five College Radio Astronomical Observatory maps of the Taurus and Perseus Molecular Clouds. We determined bubble identification completeness by applying the same procedures to both simulated and real data sets. We proposed a detectability function for both the Taurus and Perseus molecular clouds based on a multivariate approach. In Taurus, bubbles with kinetic energy less than ∼1 × 1044 erg are likely to be missed. We found that the total missing kinetic energy in Taurus is less than a couple of 1044 erg, which only accounts for around 0.2% of the total kinetic energy of identified bubbles. In Perseus, bubbles with kinetic energy less than ∼2 × 1044 erg are likely to be missed. We found that the total missing kinetic energy in Perseus is less than 1045 erg, which only accounts for around 1% of the total kinetic energy of identified bubbles. We thus conclude that previous manual bubble identification routines used in Taurus and Perseus can be considered to be energetically complete. Therefore, we confirm that energy injection from dynamic structures, namely outflows and bubbles, produced by star formation feedback are sufficient to sustain turbulence at a spatial scale from ∼0.1 to ∼2.8 pc.
The Relationship of Magnetic Twist and Plasma Motion in a Magnetic Cloud
Authors: Zhao Ake , Wang Yuming , Feng Hengqiang , Zhuang Bin , Li Xiaolei , Li Hongbo , Jia Hong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Our recent investigations indicate that interplanetary magnetic clouds (MCs) have a high-twist core and a weak-twist outer shell. Utilizing the velocity-modified uniform-twist force-free flux rope model, we further investigate the relationship between the twist profile of magnetic field lines and the distribution of the plasma poloidal angular velocity inside an MC. The poloidal velocity in the MC is 11 km s−1. There are evidently positive correlations between the absolute value of the twist and the plasma poloidal angular velocity in peeled flux ropes or flux rope layers, although the correlation coefficients in flux rope layers are less than those in peeled flux ropes. This finding suggests that plasma flows are frozen-in magnetic field lines as we expected for interplanetary medium, of which the magnetic Reynolds number is large. Furthermore, based on this picture, we infer the axial velocity in the MC frame, which is less than 10 km s−1 and almost uniform in the cross section of the MC. Besides, it is inferred that the plasma flows velocity in the MC is much less than the local Alfvén speed.
Measurement of the Nuclear Symmetry Energy Parameters from Gravitational-wave Events
Authors: Raithel Carolyn A. , Özel Feryal 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The nuclear symmetry energy plays a role in determining both the nuclear properties of terrestrial matter as well as the astrophysical properties of neutron stars. The first measurement of the neutron star tidal deformability, from gravitational-wave event GW170817, provides a new way of probing the symmetry energy. In this work, we report on new constraints on the symmetry energy from GW170817. We focus in particular on the low-order coefficients: namely, the value of the symmetry energy at the nuclear saturation density, S
0, and the slope of the symmetry energy, L
0. We find that the gravitational-wave data are relatively insensitive to S
0, but that they depend strongly on L
0 and point to lower values of L
0 than have previously been reported, with a peak likelihood near L
0 ∼ 23 MeV. Finally, we use the inferred posteriors on L
0 to derive new analytic constraints on higher-order nuclear terms.
Detection of Coronal Mass Ejections at L1 and Forecast of Their Geoeffectiveness
Authors: Telloni Daniele , Antonucci Ester , Bemporad Alessandro , Bianchi Tiziano , Bruno Roberto , Fineschi Silvano , Magli Enrico , Nicolini Gianalfredo , Susino Roberto 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A novel tool aimed to detect solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) at the Lagrangian point L1 and to forecast their geoeffectiveness is presented in this paper. This approach is based on the analysis of in situ magnetic field and plasma measurements to compute some important magnetohydrodynamic quantities of the solar wind (the total pressure, the magnetic helicity, and the magnetic and kinetic energy), which are used to identify the CME events, that is their arrival and transit times, and to assess their likelihood for impacting the Earths magnetosphere. The method is essentially based on the comparison of the topological properties of the CME magnetic field configuration and of the CME energetic budget with those of the quasi-steady ambient solar wind. The algorithm performances are estimated by testing the tool on solar wind data collected in situ by the Wind spacecraft from 2005 to 2016. In the scanned 12 yr time interval, it results that (i) the procedure efficiency is of 86% for the weakest magnetospheric disturbances, increasing with the level of the geomagnetic storming, up to 100% for the most intense geomagnetic events, (ii) zero false positive predictions are produced by the algorithm, and (iii) the mean delay between the potentially geoeffective CME detection and the geomagnetic storm onset if of 4 hr, with a 98% 2–8 hr confidence interval. Hence, this new technique appears to be very promising in forecasting space weather phenomena associated to CMEs.
Trigonometric Parallaxes of High-mass Star-forming Regions: Our View of the Milky Way
Authors: Reid M. J. , Menten K. M. , Brunthaler A. , Zheng X. W. , Dame T. M. , Xu Y. , Li J. , Sakai N. , Wu Y. , Immer K. , Zhang B. , Sanna A. , Moscadelli L. , Rygl K. L. J. , Bartkiewicz A. , Hu B. , Quiroga-Nuñez L. H. , van Langevelde H. J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We compile and analyze approximately 200 trigonometric parallaxes and proper motions of molecular masers associated with very young high-mass stars. Most of the measurements come from the BeSSeL Survey using the VLBA and the Japanese VERA project. These measurements strongly suggest that the Milky Way is a four-arm spiral, with some extra arm segments and spurs. Fitting log-periodic spirals to the locations of the masers, allowing for “kinks” in the spirals and using well-established arm tangencies in the fourth Galactic quadrant, allows us to significantly expand our view of the structure of the Milky Way. We present an updated model for its spiral structure and incorporate it into our previously published parallax-based distance-estimation program for sources associated with spiral arms. Modeling the three-dimensional space motions yields estimates of the distance to the Galactic center,

, the circular rotation speed at the Sun's position,

km s−1, and the nature of the rotation curve. Our data strongly constrain the full circular velocity of the Sun,

km s−1, and its angular velocity,

km s−1 kpc–1. Transforming the measured space motions to a Galactocentric frame which rotates with the Galaxy, we find non-circular velocity components typically ≲10 km s−1. However, near the Galactic bar and in a portion of the Perseus arm we find significantly larger non-circular motions. Young high-mass stars within 7 kpc of the Galactic center have a scale height of only 19 pc, and thus are well suited to define the Galactic plane. We find that the orientation of the plane is consistent with the IAU-defined plane to within ±0.°1, and that the Sun is offset toward the north Galactic pole by

pc. Accounting for this offset places the central supermassive black hole, Sgr A*, in the midplane of the Galaxy. The measured motions perpendicular to the plane of the Galaxy limit precession of the plane to ≲4 km s−1 at the radius of the Sun. Using our improved Galactic parameters, we predict the Hulse–Taylor binary pulsar to be at a distance of 6.54 ± 0.24 kpc, assuming its orbital decay from gravitational radiation follows general relativity.
Spectral characteristics of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural as a related substance in medicinal products containing glucose
Authors: Hudz Nataliia , Leontiev Dmytro , Wieczorek Piotr P. 
Published: November 2019

Objectives: To study 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) spectral characteristics aiming at their future application in analytical procedures and their validation for the determination of 5-HMF in liquid products containing glucose after sterilization.Method: Direct spectrophotometric method for the determination of 5-HMF using the molar absorption coefficient at the absorption maximum (284 nm).Results and discussion: aqueous 5-HMF solutions have strong absorption in the ultraviolet range below 310 nm and give two absorption maxima at wavelengths of 229–230 nm and 284 nm. An excellent linear relationship between absorbance and 5-HMF concentration was observed in the concentration range of 2.0–10.0 mg/l. The linear dependence passes through the origin. The molar absorption coefficients of 5-HMF were determined and found to be 3007 mol−1•L•cm−1at 229–230 nm and 16070 mol−1•L•cm−1at 284 nm. The use of the molar absorption coefficient of 5-HMF stated in the Pharmacopeia of the United States of America for determining 5-HMF in polydextrose (16830 mol−1·L·cm−1at 283 nm) gives recovery results for model solutions of reference substance of 5-HMF that are acceptable from the point of view of the requirements of the State Pharmacopeia of Ukraine for methods of quantitative determination of impurities. However, other values of the molar absorption coefficient (17000 and 22700 mol−1•L•cm−1) given in the scientific publications are unsuitable for the quantitative determination of 5-HMF as an impurity in medicinal products.Conclusion: The molar absorption coefficient (16830 mol−1•L•cm−1at 284 nm) may be used to quantify 5-HMF as an impurity in medicinal products containing glucose. For a specific medicinal product, a full validation of the analytical procedure of the 5-HMF determination is required taking into account the composition of this product.
Phytotherapeutic approaches to treatment and prophylaxis in pediatric practice
Authors: Petkova Valentina , Hadzhieva Bozhidarka , Nedialkov Paraskev 
Published: November 2019

Medicinal plants, their extracts and herbal medicinal products occupy a growing share of medicines in the pharmacy worldwide.
Historically, the first medicines were products of plants, as well as some of the most important medicines still in use today. With the development of phytochemistry, as part of the pharmaceutical science, great progress has been made in the isolation and in determining the value of a number of biologically active substances (BAS).
Many plants have yielded pure substances (or natural products) that are applied in modern medical practice. Other compounds are potentially useful or have toxic effects.
Traditional medicine incorporating many herbal medicines remains an important (and in some cases, the only) form of treatment in some countries, with increasing use in medical practice.
On the other hand, the fact that in pediatric patients there is a limitation, mainly moral and ethical, of the number of medications to be administered due to the difficulty of conducting clinical trials in children, stimulates the use of herbal medicines of proven quality, effectiveness and safety among this group of patients.