bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cooperation and spatial self-organization determine rate and efficiency of particulate organic matter degradation in marine bacteria
Authors: Ebrahimi Ali , Schwartzman Julia , Cordero Otto X. 
Published: October 2019

Significance
Microorganisms can cooperate by secreting public goods that benefit local neighbors; however, the conditions that favor cooperative growth in the environment, and the way in which this growth alters microbes’ contribution to ecosystem functions, remain unexplored. Here, we show that cooperation mediates the degradation of polysaccharide particles recalcitrant to hydrolysis in aquatic environments. Combining experiments and models, we define the physiological and environmental parameters that mediate the transition from cooperation to competition. Cooperation emerges through the self-organization of cells into ∼10- to 20-µm clusters that enable uptake of diffusible hydrolysis products. When cooperation is required, the degradation of recalcitrant biopolymers can only take place when degraders exceed a critical cell concentration, underscoring the importance of microbial interactions for ecosystem function.
Accounting casual character of the cutting tool life at the optimization of the cutting regimes
Authors: Mikhailov A , Ivchenko T , Petryaeva I 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In the real production functioning of the cutting tool takes place in the conditions of properties dispersion of the technological system elements that defines stochastic character of the cutting process parameters. As a result casual character has a basic data-out of cutting process - the cutting tool life. It is presented the method of the cutting regimes optimization taking into account the variation coefficient and the distributing law of the cutting tool life as casual value. The analysis of the optimization criteria (productivity and prime price) as functions of casual argument - the cutting tool life is executed. There are got analytical dependences, which allow taking into account dispersion of the cutting tool life at determination of its optimum value. There are set the correction coefficient on the productivity and prime price optimum cutting speeds taking into account the coefficient of cutting tool life variation. There are set the necessary for providing of the set level of reliability the coefficient of the cutting regimes change.
The decision of problem of reducing the temperature of cement during its grinding
Authors: R Sharapov Rinat 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The article is devoted to the question of improving the efficiency of grinding cement clinker. To improve the efficiency of grinding in ball mills closed circuit is proposed in the separation system to introduce fresh air. It is proposed to discharge excess separation air into a high-capacity filter. To solve this problem, the article makes a number of assumptions. For the calculation of the separation system, the expressions of the conversion of the initial product in the separator and flues of the system are given. The values of the concentration of the solid phase in different parts of the gas path of the separator are determined. On the basis of the obtained formulas, a system of equations is obtained, which allows to find the mass flow rate of fresh air. It is necessary to maintain the desired temperature of the separation process and the finished product. The dependence of the temperature of the finished cement on the volume of fresh air is obtained by the example of a closed circuit cement ball mill of the Belgorod cement plant.
Research on the Process of Paint Removal from Thermoplastic Materials by Laser
Authors: Sover A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Thelaser cleaning technology offers many advantages compared to the traditional paint removal technologies such as cleaning by chemical solvents or using media blasting. Yet, the effects of this technology depend on the carrier material onto which the paint has been applied. Sensitive carriers with a low melting point such as thermoplastic materials can be thermally damaged or destroyed. This paper analyses the paint removal from standard thermoplastic materials such as polypropylene (PP) by laser and aims at identifying the influence of the laser parameters on the carrier surface. The research includes experiments of paint removal from plastic substrates by a pulsed fibre laser at 1064 nm with various parameter settings and the characterisation of the treated surfaces. The results show that the paint layers can be removed completely while keeping the sensitive thermoplastic substrate unimpaired. The laser energy density, speed and spot size have impact on the paint removal effect and substrate surface quality. After the paint removal it is possible to use again or to recover thus cleaned thermoplastic parts without reducing the quality of the recyclate.
Investigation of the abrasion resistance of stainless-steel composites with Al2O3 reinforcement phase produced by using the capillary forming method
Authors: Spasova D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The present paper is relevant with the production and investigation of abrasion resistance of MMCs (Metal Matrix Composites) with metal matrix AISI 304 stainless steel and Al2O3 reinforcement phase. An innovative production method is used for the obtaining of the MMCs by using the conception of the “capillary forming”, where the metal matrix (AISI 304) was forcedly infiltrated in the space between the reinforcement phase (Al2O3) particles by vacuuming the space between reinforcement particles. A weighting method is used to determine the wear resistance by radial load in liquid and dry friction mode. The dynamics of mass variation in the wear process and the wear intensity are determined.
Development and characterization of starch - based nanocomposite materials
Authors: Zoumaki M , Tzetzis D , Mansour G 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Nature has developed several biodegradable materials which can be used in architectural and civil engineering to address the challenges of a more sustainable construction and housing industry to mitigate and adapt to climate change. Nowadays, there is an increasing interest in using biodegradable polymers from renewable resources such as starch and cellulose derivatives in the global plastic industry in order to reduce the environmental pollution caused by the petroleum-based traditional synthetic plastic waste. In this study, conventional composite and nanocomposite films of plasticized corn starch were prepared with sodium montmorillonite clay by a solution mixing procedure with glycerol as a plasticizer. The obtained nanocomposite microstructures were ascertained by XRD and SEM techniques and the tensile properties were investigated as a function of clay and plasticizer contents, in order to analyze the mechanical properties of the films.
A method of inserting symbol matrix on the workpiece sketch and assembling a device
Authors: Babă A , Bâldea M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In the process of designing the technological devices for orientation and fastening for semifinished parts, there is a close connection between the technological device designer and the process technologist, the one representing on the operating plans, for each operation, the orientation and fixing of the piece in the device by means of the symbols information. The work comes in support of the process technologist because all this activity becomes fully automated. Each symbol in the information symbol matrix (SI), specific for the design of technological devices, also contains information (name, number of degrees of freedom taken over, type of surface, etc.), which can be extracted by the Excel-AutoCAD link, for processing them. This paper presents concretely, inserting symbols on the surfaces of the loose piece as an example and how to form a control device using Tool Palettes.
Influence of the cutting precision of the cams on the dynamic performances of the cam mechanisms
Authors: Popa D , Popa C M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we study the influence of the determination of the external shape of the cam, and of the precision cutting on the imposed values of the reduced acceleration. The study is performed considering a circular cam at which one may analytically determine the displacement and the reduced velocity and acceleration. In the first part of the paper, one performs simulations to determine the external shape with a precision of 0.01 mm and 0.001 mm, that is, the same precision obtained by using a comparison measurer or an indicating snap gauge. For the cam we use an angular step of 10, 20, 50, and 100, and one studies the influence of the rotational step on the values of the reduced acceleration. In the second part of the paper, for the study of the dimensional deviation on the reduced acceleration, one performs two numerical simulations for a periodical deviation of maximum magnitude of 0.05 mm and for a periodical deviation of maximum magnitude of 0.02 mm respectively. Further on, we also realize a study of the influence of roughness of the external profile of the cam on the reduced acceleration. We consider the case in which the roughness is constant on all profile of the cam and the case in which the roughness has random values.
Determination of the load factor between screw and flange in screw connection realized with C-rail
Authors: Kalinowski M , Szczepanik M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The article concerns determination of the loading factor between the screw and the flange in the screw connection realized with the C-rail. The exemplary screw joints applied in Alstom’s trains will be analysed. The article will present the results of analytical calculations performed to evaluate of the loading factor in accordance with the standards VDI 2230 and NF E25-030 as well as the results of the finite elements analysis, by means of which the considered connection will be modelled. In addition, a comparison of the results obtained by means of both methods will be made.
Stiffness design of machine tools structures by topology management optimization approach
Authors: Dimitrov D M , Slavov S D , Yordanov K K 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The machine bodies are made as welded or cast parts, with relatively thin outer walls, reinforced with ribs that provide the necessary stiffness. Often, empirical formulas, which do not consider the load distribution in different areas of the body and that have an increased security factor, are used to calculate the thickness of the outer walls and the dimensions of the ribs. This approach does not meet modern design and production requirements, as it does not lead to optimal solutions. In the present work, a simulation, based on the finite element analysis methodology, is presented, using the capabilities of the COMSOL Multiphysics software, which allows the simultaneous determination of the magnitude and distribution of stresses from different load cases from machine operation. The topology optimization management algorithm is then used to remove unnecessary material from the machine body, based on the calculated stress distribution in the previous step. The results, achieved after the implementation of the topology optimization study, are shown and discussed. Conclusions about the applicability of the presented approach are made and objectives for its future development and improvement are also defined.
Methods for modernization of processing equipment
Authors: Iordache M D , Costea A , Malea C 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Industry dynamics determines the improvement of manufacturing processes and necessarily implies the development and evolution of technological equipment for machining, assembling and controlling. The modern technological concept requires multicriteria optimization of the technological system, emphasizing its ability to adapt precisely, quickly and efficiently to the variation of production tasks. This paper proposes a combined method of optimization of technological processes capable of overcoming the difficulties caused by the complexity, diversity and dynamic character of the processing equipment in order to make objective technical and economic decisions. The in-depth analysis of optimization problems for technological processes and equipment is required by the need to respect the multitude of conditions and their interdependence and has as main objective the establishment of rational solutions in the field of manufacturing engineering. For a technological process, in the first stage, based on a technological chart, several processing procedures are analyzed depending on the complexity of the semi-finished products and the type of machine-tool used, and with the mathematical model associated determine the number and optimal sequence of operations. In the second stage, an optimal variant of the process, presented as a combination of processing procedures, is analyzed with the global utility method, especially in the nodes with several operations, as special or modular structures and the optimal solution for the construction of the devices and machines -tools, technological equipment in general.
Vibrodynamic mechanism control automation in soil compacting machine
Authors: Tikhonov A F 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Article investigates relevance of high-quality compaction of soil bases during construction of different buildings. Influence of oscillation frequency on to values of disturbing force, total applied load and vertical travel range of the drum is substantiated. Improvement in performance of vibratory roller compactors during operation is provided by resonating frequency, which is optimal during soil-vibratory drum system interaction. Article presents schematic diagram and description of the operation concept for automatic controller with microprocessor, which performs continuous analysis of the interaction between soil and drum, which allows to set optimal frequency of vibratory drum vibrations, to achieve required degree of soil compaction, compensating for disturbing force.
Mapping of industrial innovations of the fifth technological mode within the framework of industrial park structures of the Sverdlovsk region
Authors: Plakhin A E , Tkachenko I N , Kompaneets M V , Mihajlovskij P V 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The main objective of the research presented in this article is to determine the priorities for the technological development of production based in industrial park structures of the Sverdlovsk region. The method of mapping technological innovations is used as the main research methodology, the information base is the plans and programs for the technological development of industrial enterprises in the Sverdlovsk region. The study develops a comprehensive methodology for assessing the technological and innovative development of industrial park structures based on the experience of Russia, Belarus and Moldova. Based on the results of the analysis, proposals are developed for adjusting the innovative development programs of regional industrial park structures.
Development of a digital learning platform for the planning of manufacturing processes
Authors: Hartmann M , Nestler A , Wohlrabe D , Arnold F , Hoffmann J , Wenkler E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The planning of manufacturing processes is an important part of the work of engineers and skilled workers. Students of engineering sciences and apprentices come with too little practical experience in studying and training, in the study and/or training period valuable competencies at machines and mechanisms often cannot be acquired. The use of a digital learning platforms to convey such content can help to develop the needed competencies among the target groups. The aim of the paper is to describe the concept and a pilot system for a learning platform. A cross-border project between partners from Germany and Czech Republic develops a concept for a digital learning platform and a pilot system. Daily practice of work process studies flows into the design of the platform with realistic workpieces, processes, procedures and systems. A wide range of media is provided: texts, audiovisual sequences, simulations. They support the mental integration of the contexts. Learning and working tasks at various stages of difficulty support the development of student’s and apprentice’s skills. The implementation of the recorded aspects in the form of a pilot solution was extensively tested with the target groups. The experiences and feedback provide a valuable basis for improving the overall concept.
Analysis as the starting point for the development of scientific research
Authors: Oroian B , Condrea I , Hrițuc A , Botezatu C , Ețcu M , Slătineanu L 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The development of scientific research in a given field requires firstly an analysis of the known aspects found in a certain connection with the problem to solve. There are distinct analysis scientific methods that are able to systematically highlight the current level of the known information in a given field and to offer suggestions for the problem-solving. A short presentation of some such analysis scientific methods was approached in this paper. As proper analysis methods, the systemic analysis, the SWOT analysis, the Ishikawa diagram, the ideas diagram analysis, and the axiomatic design were taken into consideration. A comparison of these analysis methods facilitated the emphasis of some common and distinct aspects specific to these analysis methods.
Personal development in the knowledge-based economy
Authors: Pirnau C , Ghiculescu L D , Marinescu N I 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to examine the effects of the education on personal and professional development models. In the knowledge-based economy, the emphasis on human capital development generates two parallel effects of the economic education: microeconomic and macroeconomic. The study is based on the use of the questioning technique (for a profound exploration of the ideas) and statistical methods to determine how an increase in an educational component affects the structure of the individual development plan, so in fact the interaction between various thinking modes. In this respect, this paper studies the correlation between the duration of the educational process and the results obtained by the students in the knowledge evaluation process. In the future, based on these studies, correlations can also be made between the time spent on studying and the professional and personal achievements.
Application of the FMEA method for the assessment of technical safety levels
Authors: Górny Adam 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The responsibility for ensuring technical safety rests in part with technical equipment designers. Their job is to choose solutions that will remain effective throughout the usable life of relevant equipment. The solutions they select must ensure the required safety levels while complying with mandatory laws and regulations. Rather than specifying what the right solutions are, laws only indicate the required level of safety, which needs to be checked using specific risk assessment methods that are appropriate for the solutions in place. The use of the FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) to identify irregularities helped define advisable improvements that will enable organizations to achieve the required safety level. These can be viewed as design guidelines for ensuring the proper operation of a device in the workplace free of hazards to the labor force. The paper analyzed the impact of the construction measures applied to reduce the use risk. The applied solutions were evaluated and the level of tolerated risk was recognized as a determinant of ensuring the possibility of safe work performance.
Quantitative measurement of the quality of a social economy project
Authors: Marcu D , Costoiu M , Semenescu A , Ioana A , Tufeanu D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Highlighting the qualitative impact that the implementation of a social economy project generates is difficult to achieve, as we are talking about projects with a social impact for which the economic factor is not a priority one. Under these circumstances, the assessment of the quality of such an approach can be made taking into account long-term social implications, psychological implications, comfort and safety, etc. To quantify the activities and the impact on the quality of life, we can define a number of indicators to quantify these aspects. In order to quantify such an aspect, we have to consider mainly 2 categories of elements: target group and project indicators.
Study of longitudinal dynamics in the case of a train which does not have all the vehicles with active brake
Authors: Crăciun C I , Cruceanu C , Spiroiu M A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The paper represents a small part of the studies conducted by the authors in the field of longitudinal dynamic phenomena developed in the body of the braked train. The aim of the study in this paper is to evaluate the effect of train composition on the maximum longitudinal forces magnitude and distribution along the train. The particular cases considered are those of trains that have vehicles running with isolated brake (i.e. not able to brake). For the simulations, a freight train consisting of 20 identical vehicles was originally used, followed by a classical train - locomotive and identical wagons, the total number of vehicles remaining the same. For each train formation, there are several scenarios regarding the positioning of the vehicles without brake in its body, scenarios that take into account the national regulations in force or the possible failures in service. A special case is represented by a possible failure of the locomotive braking system and the train movement under these conditions to a point where the problem can be remedied.
Considerations on the V-block type shape suspension springs at the rail vehicles
Authors: Sebeșan I , Sebeșan M R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In the paper is presented some theoretical considerations underlying the use of these springs in the railway vehicle constructions. The use of these springs as elastic suspension systems is justified by a few advantages that they offer in service, such as: simplicity, weight and low gauge, do not require guides, work without wear and have a high reliability. The elasticity in the three-principal: vertical, horizontal-transverse and longitudinal directions recommends the use of these springs in the axle’s suspension of the vehicle. As an application it is presented the axle suspension dimensioning elements in the case of a carload subway vehicle.
Analysis of the action of the aerodynamic resistances on an electric multiple unit train type
Authors: Arsene S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The present paper aims to analyse how aerodynamic resistances acting on an electric multiple unit train type are distributed during the movement. For this we considered a model, the case of the on an electric multiple unit train type that is in the operation of a railway company in Romania. Starting from the aspects mentioned in the literature, on how the aerodynamic resistances vary (it is directly proportional to the square of the displacement velocity), an initial estimation of the values of these forces is pursued. In the second step, it is performed an analysis of the airflow around the vehicle. To observe the evolution of aerodynamic resistances, the numerical simulation of airflow is used. In this sense, it has gone from the constructive shape of the train (which has been modelled in geometric form in 3D format) to its use in a specialized air flow simulation program. In this way the aerodynamic resistances acting on the train during the its movement are estimated.