bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoplasmic reticulum‐associated degradation mediated by MoHrd1 and MoDer1 is pivotal for appressorium development and pathogenicity of Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Tang Wei , Jiang Haolang , Aron Osakina , Wang Min , Wang Xueyu , Chen Jiangfeng , Lin Birong , Chen Xuehang , Zheng Qiaojia , Gao Xiuqin , He Dou , Wang Airong , Wang Zonghua 
Published: May 2020

SummaryMost secretory proteins are folded and modified in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER); however, protein folding is error‐prone, resulting in toxic protein aggregation and cause ER stress. Irreversibly misfolded proteins are subjected to ER‐associated degradation (ERAD), modified by ubiquitination, and degraded by the 26S proteasome. The yeast ERAD ubiquitin ligase Hrd1p and multispanning membrane protein Der1p are involved in ubiquitination and transportation of the folding‐defective proteins. Here, we performed functional characterization of MoHrd1 and MoDer1 and revealed that both of them are localized to the ER and are pivotal for ERAD substrate degradation and the ER stress response. MoHrd1 and MoDer1 are involved in hyphal growth, asexual reproduction, infection‐related morphogenesis, protein secretion and pathogenicity of M. oryzae. Importantly, MoHrd1 and MoDer1 mediated conidial autophagic cell death and subsequent septin ring assembly at the appressorium pore, leading to abnormal appressorium development and loss of pathogenicity. In addition, deletion of MoHrd1 and MoDer1 activated the basal unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy, suggesting that crosstalk between ERAD and two other closely related mechanisms in ER quality control system (UPR and autophagy) governs the ER stress response. Our study indicates the importance of ERAD function in fungal development and pathogenesis of M. oryzae.
Beyond Unionism versus Nationalism: the Rise of the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland
Authors: Tonge Jonathan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNorthern Ireland has always been a polity noted for its strong links between national identity, religion, and voting, and acute British unionist versus Irish nationalist divisions. The constitutional question of whether Northern Ireland should be part of the UK or a united Ireland dominates. Yet, recent surveys have suggested a sizeable and growing section of its electorate declares itself neither unionist nor nationalist. This development may have assisted the growth of the centrist Alliance Party, which rejects unionist and nationalist identities and claims to be neutral on Northern Ireland’s constitutional status. Alliance doubled its vote across three elections in 2019 and is now the third largest party in the region. This article examines the importance of ideological dealignment relative to other factors, such as Alliance’s opposition to Brexit, in explaining the rise of a non‐binary party in a divided society.
“This case is about you and your future”: Towards Judgments for Children
Authors: Stalford Helen , Hollingsworth Kathryn 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA handful of ‘child‐friendly’ judgments have emerged in the UK in recent years, attempting to adopt a child‐centred approach to the decision‐making stage of the legal process. Most notable is Sir Peter Jackson's judgment in Re A: Letter to a Young Person which, in taking the form of a letter to the child, has been applauded as a model of how to achieve ‘child friendly justice’. This article examines how and why the form and presentation of judicial decisions is an important aspect of children's access to justice, considering not just the potential but the duty of judges to enhance children's status and capacities as legal citizens through judgment writing. We identify four potential functions of judgments written for children (communicative, developmental, instructive and legally transformative), and call for a radical reappraisal of the way in which judgments are constructed and conveyed with a view to promoting children's access to justice.
Laying the foundations of international careers research
Authors: Mayrhofer Wolfgang , Smale Adam , Briscoe Jon , Dickmann Michael , Parry Emma 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAs an editorial to the special issue “new avenues in international careers research” this article discusses the roots of the international careers research stream, which sits at the intersection between career studies, HRM and international management. In order to support future studies in this emerging area of enquiry, we attempt to lay down the foundations of a research agenda based around what we see as the three core areas of interest: contextualised careers research, comparative careers research and careers research in internationally operating organisations. After providing some suggestions for the kinds of theoretical and methodological tools that will be required to build on these foundations, we introduce the five empirical papers that comprise this special issue.
Testing cause‐and‐effect relationships within a balanced scorecard
Authors: Kober Ralph , Northcott Deryl 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAccording to Kaplan and Norton, a fundamental tenet of the balanced scorecard (BSC) is that cause‐and‐effect relationships exist across measures within its four perspectives. However, prior research on BSCs has provided equivocal findings as to whether these relationships exist. Using a public sector BSC, we conduct a panel Granger causality analysis and find evidence of causal relationships. We highlight the importance of this finding from both a research and practice perspective.
Comparison of the efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) plus agomelatine to ECT plus placebo in treatment‐resistant depression
Authors: Lin C.‐H. , Yang W.‐C. , Chen C.‐C. , Cai W.‐R. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is commonly used to treat patients with treatment‐resistant depression. We aimed to investigate whether combining an antidepressant agent with ECT might enhance therapeutic efficacy and prevent early relapse.MethodDuring the acute ECT phase, patients (N = 97) with treatment‐resistant depression were randomized to receive ECT plus agomelatine 50 mg/day (n = 48) or ECT plus placebo (n = 49). Symptom severity measures, including the 17‐item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD‐17) and other scales, functional impairment, quality of life, neuropsychological tests, adverse events and attitudes toward ECT, were assessed regularly. Remission was defined as a HAMD‐17 score ≤7. If patients achieved post‐ECT remission, they were prescribed agomelatine 50 mg/day and participated in a 12‐week follow‐up trial. HAMD‐17 was rated at 4‐week intervals. Relapse was defined as a HAMD‐17 score ≥14, or rehospitalization for a psychiatric reason.ResultsThe two treatment groups were comparable at (i) baseline variables; (ii) score changes in all symptom measures, functional impairment, quality of life, and neuropsychological tests; (iii) frequency of adverse events and attitudes toward ECT; and (iv) post‐ECT response/remission rates. There were no statistically significant differences following ECT in relapse rates and time to relapse between these two groups.ConclusionAdding agomelatine to ECT yielded comparable response/remission rates to ECT without agomelatine in the acute ECT phase. Starting agomelatine in combination with ECT did not seem to be more efficacious in preventing relapse than starting agomelatine after the acute ECT course. More research is needed to guide clinical recommendations.
Ten Years of Experience With Buprenorphine in a Private Psychiatric Outpatient Practice
Authors: Feder Robert 
Published: May 2020

Background and ObjectivesThere have been few reports of buprenorphine treatment of opioid use disorder in private psychiatric practice. This report describes such a patient population and the outcomes obtained.MethodsChart reviews were performed on 285 patients seen over a 10‐year period in the author’s solo private psychiatric practice. Quantitative and qualitative data were reviewed and analyzed.ResultsComorbidity of psychiatric disorders was high (75%), while comorbidity of substance use disorders was low (5%, alcohol only). Fourteen percent of patients completed treatment (tapered off of buprenorphine and remained opioid‐free for up to 7 years). Forty‐eight percent of the sample had good outcomes (remaining on buprenorphine and abstinent of other opioids), 28% had poor outcomes, and 10% dropped out of prolonged successful treatment with unknown final outcomes. The group achieved a relatively high rate of smoking cessation during the study (22%). There were high rates of language disorder (21.6%) and autism spectrum disorder (8.6%) in children of mothers in the study.Discussion and ConclusionOutcomes were excellent compared with those reported in other treatment settings. Rates of smoking cessation were also notable. The treatment of comorbid psychiatric conditions, the setting to develop a strong physician‐patient relationship, patients choosing whether to taper off of buprenorphine, and the slow rate of taper all likely contributed to successful outcomes. Further investigation is needed regarding possible increased rates of developmental disorders in children of mothers treated with buprenorphine.Scientific SignificancePrivate psychiatric practice is a highly successful domain for the treatment of opioid use disorder. (Am J Addict 2020;29:508–514)
Development of a core outcome set for myelodysplastic syndromes – a Delphi study from the EUMDS Registry Group
Authors: Rochau Ursula , Stojkov Igor , Conrads‐Frank Annette , Borba Helena H. , Koinig Karin A. , Arvandi Marjan , van Marrewijk Corine , Garelius Hege , Germing Ulrich , Symeonidis Argiris , Sanz Guillermo F. , Fenaux Pierre , de Witte Theo , Efficace Fabio , Siebert Uwe , Stauder Reinhard 
Published: May 2020

SummaryTreatment options for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) vary widely, depending on the natural disease course and patient‐related factors. Comparison of treatment effectiveness is challenging as different endpoints have been included in clinical trials and outcome reporting. Our goal was to develop the first MDS core outcome set (MDS‐COS) defining a minimum set of outcomes that should be reported in future clinical studies. We performed a comprehensive systematic literature review among MDS studies to extract patient‐ and/or clinically relevant outcomes. Clinical experts from the European LeukemiaNet MDS (EUMDS) identified 26 potential MDS core outcomes and participated in a three‐round Delphi survey. After the first survey (56 experts), 15 outcomes met the inclusion criteria and one additional outcome was included. The second round (38 experts) resulted in six included outcomes. In the third round, a final check on plausibility and practicality of the six included outcomes and their definitions was performed. The final MDS‐COS includes: health‐related quality of life, treatment‐related mortality, overall survival, performance status, safety, and haematological improvement. This newly developed MDS‐COS represents the first minimum set of outcomes aiming to enhance comparability across future MDS studies and facilitate a better understanding of treatment effectiveness.
Prenatal exome sequencing in fetuses with congenital heart defects
Authors: Li Ru , Fu Fang , Yu Qiuxia , Wang Dan , Jing Xiangyi , Zhang Yongling , Li Fucheng , Li Fatao , Han Jin , Pan Min , Zhen Li , Li Dongzhi , Liao Can 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe genetic diagnosis of congenital heart defects (CHDs) is challenging because of genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical value of whole exome sequencing (WES) in the prenatal diagnosis of CHDs in a large cohort. Trio‐based WES was performed in 260 fetuses with CHDs negative for karyotype and chromosome microarray analysis results. WES produced a diagnostic yield of 10% (26/260) in the entire cohort. Relative high diagnostic rate was observed in cases with cardiac rhabdomyoma (60%), complex CHDs (16.7%), septal defect (14.0%), and conotruncal defect (9.9%). There was no significant difference between the diagnostic yields in simple and complex CHDs groups (9.9% vs 16.7%), and in non‐isolated and isolated CHDs groups (15.7% vs 7.9%). The diagnostic yields in cases with CHDs with soft markers, CHDs with fetal growth restriction, and CHDs with other structural anomalies (syndromic CHDs) were 0 (0/13), 50% (1/2) and 18.2% (10/55), respectively. Variants of unknown significance were detected in 16 (6.2%) fetuses, and secondary findings in 7 (2.7%) cases. Variants in 14 candidate genes were identified. Our study demonstrates an incremental diagnostic yield by trio‐based WES in the prenatal diagnosis of CHDs after routine tests, not as high as expected.
Reconstructive therapy for the management of peri‐implantitis via submerged guided bone regeneration: A prospective case series
Authors: Monje Alberto , Pons Ramón , Roccuzzo Andrea , Salvi Giovanni E. , Nart José 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe present case series assesses the response to reconstructive therapy for the management of 2/3‐wall peri‐implantitis bone defects following submerged‐healing guided bone regeneration.Material and MethodsFifteen consecutive patients with 27 implants presenting peri‐implantitis were included. Guided bone regeneration was applied by means of autogenous bone/deproteinized bovine bone mineral grafting mixture and collagen membrane. Patients were assessed at baseline (T0) and at 6 (T1) and 12 months (T2). Clinical and radiographic variables defined the composite success criteria (probing pocket depth [PPD] ≤ 5 mm, no bleeding on probing/suppuration (SUP), no further radiographic bone loss). Patient site‐specific comfort was scored using a visual analog scale (VAS). Descriptive statistics was carried out to assess the changes along the study period. Outcomes are reported in terms of mean values (5%‐95% percentile values).ResultsAll the clinical variables substantially changed from T0 through T2. In particular, PPD decreased 3.7 mm (0.7‐5.9) from T0 to T2. Likewise, the scores for the modified plaque index (mPI) and modified sulcular bleeding index (mBI) were reduced by 0.5 (−0.5‐1.1) and 1.6 (0.4‐2.4), respectively. SUP did not display at any implant site at T2 (59.2% implants in 29.2% patients suppurated at T0). Keratinized mucosa decreased 0.6 mm (−0.2‐4.4) and while mucosal recession increased 2.5 mm (1.0‐4.3). Alike, the radiographic parameters varied significantly from T0 through T2. Infrabony defects were filled by 2.2 mm (0.0‐8.6) at T2 and marginal bone loss was reduced by 2.3 mm (−1.1‐8.1). The mean VAS score significantly increased from T0 (56.7) through T1 to T2, reaching a score of 96 at T2. At this timepoint, 85.2% of the peri‐implantitis lesions were resolved.ConclusionsThe proposed surgical approach followed by submerged healing to reconstruct peri‐implant bone defects may offer one therapeutic option for failing dental implants. Given the nature of the present study, its effectiveness in comparison to less invasive treatments needs investigation in randomized controlled trials.
Implications of Prelecture Material on Cognitive Load and Instructional Effectiveness in Cross‐Disciplinary IS Education: The Nexus of Benford's Law and SQL
Authors: Mills Robert J. , Beaulieu Tanya Y. , Feldon David F. , Olsen David H. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTFor some time, there has been a call for cross‐disciplinary teaching within the business disciplines. With the rise of data and analytics, there is an opportunity for cross‐disciplinary teaching by integrating technology throughout the business curriculum. However, many business professors have little experience in cross‐disciplinary teaching. We hope to rectify this by introducing an approach that uses prelecture material to prepare students for learning concepts and terms that are not core to the focal class. In a study that combines Structured Query Language (SQL) coding with an audit principle called Benford's Law, we analyze the impact of adding prelecture material about Benford's Law on student's cognitive load, knowledge gained, and instructional efficiency. Results indicate that students who received a prelecture on Benford's Law outperformed the control group in performance measures related to Benford's Law, and that the instructional efficiency on Benford's Law was also higher for the treatment group. We did not find any significant differences in cognitive load between the two groups, nor did the treatment group perform significantly better when tested on the SQL concepts. We conclude that cross‐discipline teaching is a fine balance between each discipline and communicating to students the importance of both disciplines is key.
The potential of the solitary parasitoidMicroctonus brassicaefor the biological control of the adult cabbage stem flea beetle,Psylliodes chrysocephala
Authors: Jordan Anna , Broad Gavin R. , Stigenberg Julia , Hughes Jessica , Stone Jake , Bedford Ian , Penfield Steven , Wells Rachel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe cabbage stem flea beetle (CSFB),Psylliodes chrysocephalaL. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a major pest of oilseed rape,Brassica napusL. (Brassicaceae), within the UK and continental Europe. Following the withdrawal of many broad‐spectrum pesticides, most importantly neonicotinoids, and with increased incidence of pyrethroid resistance, few chemical control options remain, resulting in the need for alternative pest management strategies. We identified the parasitoid waspMicroctonus brassicae(Haeselbarth) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) within CSFB collected from three independent sites in Norfolk, UK. Parasitism of adult CSFB was confirmed, and wasp oviposition behaviour was described. Moreover, we show that within captive colonies parasitism rates are sufficient to generate significant biological control of CSFB populations. A sequence of theM. brassicaemitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (MT‐CO1) gene was generated for rapid future identification. Moroccan specimens ofMicroctonus aethiopoides(Loan), possessing 90% sequence similarity, were the closest identified sequenced species. This study represents the first description published in English of this parasitoid of the adult cabbage stem flea beetle.
Changes in soil organic carbon under perennial crops
Authors: Ledo Alicia , Smith Pete , Zerihun Ayalsew , Whitaker Jeanette , Vicente‐Vicente José Luis , Qin Zhangcai , McNamara Niall P. , Zinn Yuri L. , Llorente Mireia , Liebig Mark , Kuhnert Matthias , Dondini Marta , Don Axel , Diaz‐Pines Eugenio , Datta Ashim , Bakka Haakon , Aguilera Eduardo , Hillier Jon 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study evaluates the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) under perennial crops across the globe. It quantifies the effect of change from annual to perennial crops and the subsequent temporal changes in SOC stocks during the perennial crop cycle. It also presents an empirical model to estimate changes in the SOC content under crops as a function of time, land use, and site characteristics. We used a harmonized global dataset containing paired‐comparison empirical values of SOC and different types of perennial crops (perennial grasses, palms, and woody plants) with different end uses: bioenergy, food, other bio‐products, and short rotation coppice. Salient outcomes include: a 20‐year period encompassing a change from annual to perennial crops led to an average 20% increase in SOC at 0–30 cm (6.0 ± 4.6 Mg/ha gain) and a total 10% increase over the 0–100 cm soil profile (5.7 ± 10.9 Mg/ha). A change from natural pasture to perennial crop decreased SOC stocks by 1% over 0–30 cm (−2.5 ± 4.2 Mg/ha) and 10% over 0–100 cm (−13.6 ± 8.9 Mg/ha). The effect of a land use change from forest to perennial crops did not show significant impacts, probably due to the limited number of plots; but the data indicated that while a 2% increase in SOC was observed at 0–30 cm (16.81 ± 55.1 Mg/ha), a decrease in 24% was observed at 30–100 cm (−40.1 ± 16.8 Mg/ha). Perennial crops generally accumulate SOC through time, especially woody crops; and temperature was the main driver explaining differences in SOC dynamics, followed by crop age, soil bulk density, clay content, and depth. We present empirical evidence showing that the FAO perennialization strategy is reasonable, underscoring the role of perennial crops as a useful component of climate change mitigation strategies.
Building a new scale to measure worries about oral hygiene self‐management in vulnerable older adults
Authors: Schensul Jean J. , Salvi Apoorva , Ha Toan , Reisine Susan , Li Jianghong , Moni Yacihuilca 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis paper describes a new scale to measure worries about self‐management of oral hygiene in low‐income older adults.BackgroundOral hygiene that prevents oral diseases and worsening of chronic conditions improves with instruction, but other cognitive/emotional factors impede oral hygiene practice especially among older adults. Many scales measure dental anxiety, but none measures oral hygiene self‐management worries.Materials and MethodsFormative research with diverse older adults 55‐95 in low‐income housing identified scale items. A 23‐item scale was tested in a pilot intervention study (n = 84) and formalised with a new sample (N = 331).ResultsIn both studies, PCA/factor analysis produced two subscales: (a) worries about cleaning teeth and (b) consequences of cleaning. Chronbach's alpha coefficient evaluated internal consistency, and Pearson's r and Kendall tau/Spearman's rho evaluated scale predictability, convergent and divergent validity. The scale and subscales showed good internal consistency in both studies (over 0.90) and stability T0 0.90; T1: 0.90). In the larger sample, statistically significant correlations between the scale, subscales; plaque score, and similar scales (perceived risk of oral health problems, and fears of oral diseases) demonstrated convergent validity. For divergent validity, the worries scale, not the GOHAI, a similar scale measuring oral health life quality, was associated with Plaque Score. Each scale was associated with different mediators suggesting different constructs.ConclusionThe overall scale has good internal consistency, test‐retest reliability, predictability and convergent and divergent validity. It captures a psycho‐emotional construct useful in oral health research and hygiene education with older adults.