bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Series of Bisamide‐Substituted Diacetylenes Exhibiting a Terminal Alkyl Odd/Even Parity Effect on Mechanoactivated Photopolymerization
Authors: Qi Jiajun , Kim Yuna , Takahashi Kiyonori , Aoki Ken'ichi , Hisaki Ichiro , Nakamura Takayoshi , Tamaoki Nobuyuki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDiacetylene derivatives exhibit solid‐state polymerization to polydiacetylene initiated by UV light or γ‐ray irradiation. The activation of the photopolymerization relies on the monomer diynes arrangement. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the first mechanoresponsive bisamide substituted diacetylenes (DAs) show dramatic switching from light‐inert to light‐reactive states at a given pressure. The origin of this unique phenomenon was apparently related to the pressure‐sensitive crystalline transition in DAs, but the molecular mechanism remains elusive. To obtain more insight, herein a series of DAs with varying terminal alkyl spacer length is presented, and their molecular structural effect on the intermolecular hydrogen bonding and steric repulsion is examined. In pristine states, even‐parity DAs were inactive upon UV irradiation (λ=254 nm) unless external pressure was applied. By contrast, odd‐parity DAs were easily polymerized upon UV irradiation without pressure application. However, the pressure‐induced crystalline phase transition exhibiting photopolymerization was valid for all DAs regardless of their alkyl spacer length. A systematic investigation revealed that the terminal alkyl spacer length, especially its odd/even parity plays a key role in determining the intrinsic intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding nature of DA crystals and the resultant molecular packing. In addition, the relevant thermochromic behavior was also observed from photopolymerized polydiacetylenes.
Bildgebende UV/VIS‐Spektroskopie zur Untersuchung des Einflusses der Fluiddynamik auf die Entstehung von Haupt‐ und Nebenprodukt in schnellen konkurrierenden konsekutiven Gas‐Flüssig‐Reaktionen
Authors: Kexel Felix , von Kameke Alexandra , Oßberger Martin , Hoffmann Marko , Klüfers Peter , Schlüter Michael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractZur Bildung vieler Bulk‐Chemikalien müssen gasförmige Stoffe mit einer kontinuierlichen flüssigen Phase vermischt und zur Reaktion gebracht werden. Häufig kommt es dabei zur Entstehung unerwünschter Nebenprodukte. Wie die Entstehung eines Nebenprodukts einer schnellen konkurrierenden Folgereaktion durch die Zeitskalen der Vermischung beeinflusst werden kann wird untersucht. Zum Einsatz kommt ein Taylor‐Blasen‐Experiment, bei dem die Zeitskalen der Vermischung systematisch und reproduzierbar variiert werden können. Es zeigt sich, dass der Vermischung in der Wirbelschleppe einer Blase hinsichtlich der Entstehung von Nebenprodukten eine maßgebliche Bedeutung zukommt.
Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Carbon‐Carbon Bond Activation in Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors: Bi Xiufen , Zhang Qiuchi , Gu Zhenhua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCatalytic asymmetric transformations involving carbon‐carbon bond cleavages open intriguing strategies for the synthesis of chiral complex molecules. The transient organometallic species mainly generate from the oxidative addition of cyclic compounds with low valence metals or from β‐carbon elimination of tert‐alkoxyl metals. This overview covers the recent advances in transition‐metal‐catalyzed carbon‐carbon bond activation in asymmetric synthesis.
A Divergent Paired Electrochemical Process for the Conversion of Furfural Using a Divided‐Cell Flow Microreactor
Authors: Cao Yiran , Knijff Jasper , Delparish Amin , d'Angelo Maria Fernanda Neira , Noёl Timothy 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFurfural is a prominent, non‐petroleum‐based chemical feedstock material, derived from abundantly available hemicellulose. Hence, its derivatization into other useful biobased chemicals is a subject of high interest in contemporary academic and industrial research activities. While most strategies to convert furfural require energy‐intensive reaction routes, the use of electrochemical activation allows to provide a sustainable and green alternative. Herein, a disparate approach for the conversion of furfural is reported based on a divergent paired electrochemical conversion, enabling the simultaneous production of 2(5H)‐furanone via an anodic oxidation, and the generation of furfuryl alcohol and/or hydrofuroin via a cathodic reduction. Using water as solvent and NaBr as supporting electrolyte and electron‐mediator, a green and sustainable process was developed, which maximizes productive use of electricity and minimizes byproduct formation.
Synergistic interaction between B vitamins and statins to counter nociception in rats
Authors: Skiold López‐Canales Jorge , Estefania Ruiz‐Pedraza Paola , Carolina García‐Paz María Paola , Mery López‐Mayorga Ruth , Fernando Castillo‐Henkel Enrique , Jair Lozano‐Cuenca 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEvidence suggests that the antinociceptive activity of various drugs can be increased when administered in combination with B vitamins (BVs). The aim of this study was to examine the potential interaction between statins and BVs to counter nociception, the latter measured by the formalin test. Rats were orally administered atorvastatin (1, 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg), pravastatin (1, 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg), rosuvastatin (1, 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg), BVs (31, 56, 100 and 180 mg/kg) or calculated combinations of BVs with each drug. The effective dose 30 (ED30) was calculated for each statin and BVs and subjected to isobolographic analysis, thus finding the ED30 of the combinations. The antinociceptive experimental ED30 values for BVs administered with atorvastatin, pravastatin or rosuvastatin were 1.53 ± 0.38, 6.74 ± 0.04 and 4.26 ± 0.39, respectively, being lower (p < .05) than the corresponding theoretical ED30: 28.02 ± 2.20, 28.17 ± 2.20 and 29.86 ± 2.21. Since BVs likely boost the antinociceptive effect of statins, these combinations could possibly be advantageous in pain management.
Central coherence and set‐shifting between nonunderweight eating disorders and anorexia nervosa: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Keegan Ella , Tchanturia Kate , Wade Tracey D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis systematic review and meta‐analysis compared previously documented inefficiencies in central coherence and set‐shifting between people with nonunderweight eating disorders (bulimia nervosa and binge‐eating disorder) and people with anorexia nervosa.MethodWe performed random‐effects meta‐analyses on 16 studies (1,112 participants) for central coherence and 38 studies (3,505 participants) for set‐shifting. Random effects meta‐regressions were used to test whether the effect sizes for people with nonunderweight eating disorders were significantly different from the effect sizes for people with anorexia nervosa.ResultsPeople with anorexia nervosa (Hedge's g = −0.53, 95% CIs: −0.80, −0.27, p < .001) and bulimia nervosa (Hedge's g = −0.70, 95% CIs: −1.14, −0.25, p = .002), but not binge‐eating disorder, had significantly poorer central coherence than healthy controls. Similarly, people with anorexia nervosa (Hedge's g = −0.38, 95% CIs: −0.50, −0.26, p < .001) and bulimia nervosa (Hedge's g = −0.55, 95% CIs: −0.81, −0.29, p < .001), but not binge‐eating disorder, had significantly poorer set‐shifting than healthy controls. The effect sizes for people with nonunderweight eating disorders did not significantly differ from those for people with anorexia nervosa.DiscussionOur meta‐analysis was underpowered to make definitive judgments about people with binge‐eating disorder. However, we found that people with bulimia nervosa clearly have central coherence and set‐shifting inefficiencies which do not significantly differ from those observed in people with anorexia nervosa. Clinically, this suggests that people with bulimia nervosa might benefit from adjunctive approaches to address these inefficiencies, such as cognitive remediation therapy.
Health professionals' familiarity and experience with providing clinical care for pediatric avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
Authors: Coelho Jennifer S. , Norris Mark L. , Tsai Stephen C. E. , Wu Yuwei J. , Lam Pei‐Yoong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe current study explored the experience and familiarity of pediatric health professionals with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), and assessed the application of diagnostic criteria in a series of clinical vignettes.MethodPediatric health professionals were invited to complete an online survey. Data from 93 health professionals from medical and allied health roles who completed the survey were analyzed.ResultsRespondents providing care for pediatric feeding/eating disorders were more likely to report familiarity with ARFID than those not typically providing care for feeding/eating disorders. Clinicians who had provided care for pediatric ARFID reported more confidence in clinical management of ARFID than did those who had not yet provided care for ARFID, though there were overall relatively low levels of confidence in providing care for ARFID. Respondents to the clinical vignettes were more likely to confer a diagnosis of ARFID when there were symptoms of both psychosocial impairment and weight loss than when there was psychosocial impairment alone.DiscussionThe results suggest variability in current application of diagnostic criteria for ARFID, low confidence in clinical management of ARFID, and ambiguity in clinicians' judgments regarding whether psychosocial impairment is sufficient to meet a diagnosis of ARFID.
Changes in chlorophyll a and its response to nitrogen and phosphorus characteristics over the past three decades in Poyang Lake, China
Authors: Ma Mingzhen , Jia Junjie , Hu Yang , Yang Jun , Lu Yao , Shi Kun , Gao Yang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, we explore the relationship between changes in chlorophyll a (Chl a) content, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) characteristics from 1989 to 2018 in Poyang Lake, China, by applying Landsat Thematic Mapper/Enhanced Thematic Mapper (TM/ETM) image data in combination with in situ monitoring data. Results showed that the average Chl a content in water over this 30‐year period was 5.77 μg/L. Although the water quality status of the lake was generally healthy, proportional Chl a content >10 μg/L (E10) has gradually increased, and the water quality in some areas of the lake has subsequently deteriorated over the past 30 years. Additionally, E10 was significantly positively correlated to the TN/TP. Changes in Chl a content were significantly positively correlated to the ratio of TN flux to TP flux from tributaries into the lake, but negatively correlated to TP flux. Results indicated that Lake can be categorized as phosphorus‐sufficient and nitrogen limited.
Co‐N‐doped hierarchically ordered macro/mesoporous carbon as bifunctional electrocatalyst toward oxygen reduction/evolution reactions
Authors: Meng Zihan , Chen Neng , Cai Shichang , Wang Rui , Guo Weibin , Tang Haolin 
Published: December 2020

SummaryExploring progressed activity and stability, electrocatalyst toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), has been the most considerable factor in extensive commercialization of metal‐air batteries and fuel cells. Herein, Co/N co‐doped 3D hierarchical porous bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst was synthesized using F127 as soft template and PMMA nanosphere as hard template to build hierarchically ordered macro/mesoporous porous nanostructure. The as‐obtained macro/mesoporous Co‐N‐doped carbon endowing its 3D ordered hierarchical porosity and satisfactory surface area, leading to superior performance for ORR, OER, and rechargeable Zn‐air battery. For ORR, the catalyst showed superior ORR activity with an attractive half‐wave potential of 0.85 V (vs RHE), remarkable methanol tolerance, and robust long‐term stability under alkaline electrolyte. For OER, the as‐synthetized electrocatalyst exhibited low overpotential of 1.67 V (vs RHE) under the current density of 10 mA/cm2. Moreover, the Zn‐air battery assembled from the hierarchical porous catalyst displayed a high peak power density of 146 mW/cm2.
Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder: Psychopathological similarities and differences in comparison to anorexia nervosa and the general population
Authors: Cañas Laura , Palma Carol , Molano Ana M. , Domene Lola , Carulla‐Roig Marta , Cecilia‐Costa Raquel , Dolz Montserrat , Serrano‐Troncoso Eduardo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionAvoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) categorises patients with selective and/or restrictive eating patterns in the absence of distorted cognition concerning weight, food, and body image.ObjectiveTo examine the sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients with ARFID in comparison to those with anorexia nervosa (AN) and to a non‐clinical group (NCG).MethodA descriptive, observational, comparative study made up of three groups (ARFID, AN and NCG). Ninety‐nine children and adolescents were analyzed by means of a semi‐structured diagnostic interview and questionnaires on depression, anxiety, clinical fears and general psychopathology.ResultsThe ARFID group was significantly younger (10.8 vs. 14.1 years of age), with a greater proportion of males (60.6% vs. 6.1%), an earlier onset of illness (6.2 vs. 13.4 years of age), and a longer period of evolution of the illness (61.2 vs. 8.4 months) compared to the AN group. Clinically, patients with ARFID showed greater medical (42.4% vs. 12.1%) and psychiatric (81.8% vs. 33.3%) comorbidity—assessed with a semi‐structured diagnostic interview—greater clinical fear (p < 0.005), more attention problems (p < 0.005) and fewer symptoms of anxiety and depression (p < 0.005)—measured with self‐report questionnaires.ConclusionsARFID is a serious disorder with a significant impact on the physical and mental health of the pediatric population. Likewise, some of these physical and mental conditions may be a risk factor in developing ARFID. Attention problems and clinical fears in ARFID, and the greater presence of internalised symptoms in AN, were the main differences found in the psychopathological profiles.
Beneficial contribution of induced pluripotent stem cell‐progeny to Connexin 47 dynamics during demyelination‐remyelination
Authors: Mozafari Sabah , Deboux Cyrille , Laterza Cecilia , Ehrlich Marc , Kuhlmann Tanja , Martino Gianvito , Baron‐Van Evercooren Anne 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOligodendrocytes are extensively coupled to astrocytes, a phenomenon ensuring glial homeostasis and maintenance of central nervous system myelin. Molecular disruption of this communication occurs in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Less is known about the vulnerability and reconstruction of the panglial network during adult demyelination‐remyelination. Here, we took advantage of lysolcithin‐induced demyelination to investigate the expression dynamics of the oligodendrocyte specific connexin 47 (Cx47) and to some extent that of astrocyte Cx43, and whether this dynamic could be modulated by grafted induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐neural progeny. Our data show that disruption of Cx43‐Cx47 mediated hetero‐cellular gap‐junction intercellular communication following demyelination is larger in size than demyelination. Loss of Cx47 expression is timely rescued during remyelination and accelerated by the grafted neural precursors. Moreover, mouse and human iPSC‐derived oligodendrocytes express Cx47, which co‐labels with astrocyte Cx43, indicating their integration into the panglial network. These data suggest that in rodents, full lesion repair following transplantation occurs by panglial reconstruction in addition to remyelination. Targeting panglial elements by cell therapy or pharmacological compounds may help accelerating or stabilizing re/myelination in myelin disorders.
Stimulus transformation into motor action: Dynamic graph analysis reveals a posterior‐to‐anterior shift in brain network communication of older subjects
Authors: Rosjat Nils , Wang Bin A. , Liu Liqing , Fink Gereon R. , Daun Silvia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCognitive performance slows down with increasing age. This includes cognitive processes that are essential for the performance of a motor act, such as the slowing down in response to an external stimulus. The objective of this study was to identify aging‐associated functional changes in the brain networks that are involved in the transformation of external stimuli into motor action. To investigate this topic, we employed dynamic graphs based on phase‐locking of Electroencephalography signals recorded from healthy younger and older subjects while performing a simple visually‐cued finger‐tapping task. The network analysis yielded specific age‐related network structures varying in time in the low frequencies (2–7 Hz), which are closely connected to stimulus processing, movement initiation and execution in both age groups. The networks in older subjects, however, contained several additional, particularly interhemispheric, connections and showed an overall increased coupling density. Cluster analyses revealed reduced variability of the subnetworks in older subjects, particularly during movement preparation. In younger subjects, occipital, parietal, sensorimotor and central regions were—temporally arranged in this order—heavily involved in hub nodes. Whereas in older subjects, a hub in frontal regions preceded the noticeably delayed occurrence of sensorimotor hubs, indicating different neural information processing in older subjects. All observed changes in brain network organization, which are based on neural synchronization in the low frequencies, provide a possible neural mechanism underlying previous fMRI data, which report an overactivation, especially in the prefrontal and pre‐motor areas, associated with a loss of hemispheric lateralization in older subjects.
Tuberculosis screening and management of latent tuberculosis infection prior to biologic treatment in patients with immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases: A longitudinal population‐based analysis using claims data
Authors: Iba Arisa , Tomio Jun , Yamana Hayato , Sugiyama Takehiro , Yoshiyama Takashi , Kobayashi Yasuki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and AimScreening for tuberculosis before treating with biologic agents is recommended in patients with immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). We conducted this study to identify adherence to the recommended practice in a real‐world setting in Japan.MethodsWe used a community‐based insurance claims database in a city in the Greater Tokyo Area in Japan. Between July 2012 and January 2019, we enrolled patients with IMIDs in the age range 15 to 74 years who had initiated biologic therapy. Tuberculosis screening was defined as (a) interferon‐γ release assay and/or a tuberculin skin test (IGRA/TST) and (b) IGRA/TST and X‐ray and/or CT scan (X‐ray/CT) within 2 months before starting biologic agents. We analyzed the proportions of patients who underwent tuberculosis screening and their association with the patient‐ and treatment‐related factors and treatment for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI).ResultsOf 421 patients presumed to have initiated biologic therapy, 202 (48%) underwent IGRA/TST and 169 (40%) underwent IGRA/TST and X‐ray/CT. Patients aged 65 to 74 years were more likely to undergo tuberculosis screening than those aged 45 to 64 years. Compared to infliximab, IGRA/TST was less frequently performed in patients treated with etanercept, adalimumab, golimumab, abatacept, and tocilizumab. Treatment for LTBI was provided to 67 (16%) patients. Proportions of patients receiving LTBI treatment did not significantly differ according to the screening status.ConclusionThere was low adherence to the recommendations for tuberculosis screening and prophylactic treatment before biologic therapy. It is necessary to continue alerting clinical practitioners to the importance of screening for tuberculosis and treatment for LTBI.
Maternal and neonatal anthropometric analyses: Determining birth outcomes in low‐risk pregnancies at Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki
Authors: Ezemagu Uchenna K. , Uzomba Godwin C. , Chuwkuemeka Ubochi , Rachel Ogbu , Friday Egba C. , Onuora Olisa 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the input of maternal and neonatal body physique anthropometries to birth outcomes.MethodsA prospective study of 177 full‐term births at Alex Ekwueme Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki from July to December, 2019. Maternal and neonatal anthropometric parameters and birth outcomes: mode of delivery and Apgar score were considered in this study. The measurements followed the guidelines outlined by the Institute of Medicine.ResultsThe prevalence of low birth weight (6.21%), cesarean delivery (14.12%), and abnormal Apgar score (9.04%) was relatively low in the study. Birth weight was dependent on maternal age, weight, body mass index, percentage body fat, and waist and hip circumference (P < 0.05). Normal Apgar score at 1 min after birth of male neonates was dependent on maternal BMI and neonatal head circumference whereas abnormal Apgar score in male and female neonates was dependent on maternal age and waist:hip ratio, respectively (P < 0.05).ConclusionMaternal and neonatal body physique anthropometries can be used to identify mothers and neonates at risk of having birth complications. This provided a practical alternative means to know the possible risk of undesirable birth outcomes with spontaneous vaginal delivery in low‐risk pregnancies.
Combining shrinkage and sparsity in conjugate vector autoregressive models
Authors: Hauzenberger Niko , Huber Florian , Onorante Luca 
Published: December 2020

SummaryConjugate priors allow for fast inference in large dimensional vector autoregressive (VAR) models. But at the same time, they introduce the restriction that each equation features the same set of explanatory variables. This paper proposes a straightforward means of postprocessing posterior estimates of a conjugate Bayesian VAR to effectively perform equation‐specific covariate selection. Compared with existing techniques using shrinkage alone, our approach combines shrinkage and sparsity in both the VAR coefficients and the error variance–covariance matrices, greatly reducing estimation uncertainty in large dimensions while maintaining computational tractability. We illustrate our approach by means of two applications. The first application uses synthetic data to investigate the properties of the model across different data‐generating processes, and the second application analyzes the predictive gains from sparsification in a forecasting exercise for U.S. data.