bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ritual and Self-Cultivation in the Daoist Practice of “Oblatory Refinement”
Authors: Capitanio Joshua 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article describes a Daoist salvific ritual called jilian 祭鍊, “oblatory refinement,” as presented within a ritual manual written by Zheng Sixiao 鄭思肖 (1241–1318). Zheng’s formulation of this ritual and his extensive commentary on its individual elements show that he regards this ritual not only as a means of achieving salvation for others, but also as a complete system of self-cultivation that is capable of enabling the practitioner’s self-apotheosis. After discussing the historical background of the ritual and describing its various stages, I analyze Zheng’s approach to ritual practice and his understanding of the relationship between ritual and self-cultivation, both of which are characterized by his emphasis on the quality of “sincerity” (cheng 誠). Ultimately, I argue that the Daoist notion of an “inner,” cognitive and affective dimension of ritual practice points to useful ways of supplementing contemporary theoretical understandings of ritual that focus primarily, if not exclusively, on the formal aspects and social contexts of ritual activities.
Le chant de l’amour et de la mort d’une poétesse de l’Arabie antique
Authors: Ayoub Georgine 
Published: December 2019

Résumé
Si la déploration de la perte et les lamentations autour du brancard funèbre sont le fait des pleureuses, depuis la plus haute antiquité arabe, si les poétesses pleureuses dans l’Arabie antique ne sont point rares, bien rares, néanmoins, sont les poétesses qui ont chanté publiquement leur amour pour un homme. Or, il est une poétesse du Ier/VIIe siècle, qui, justement, est célèbre pour les poèmes où elle pleure son bien-aimé, le brigand-poète Tawba, tué au combat et jamais vengé. Elle a pour nom Laylā l-Aḫyaliyya. Ses poèmes seront appréciés par les plus grands poètes et savants. Mais elle est souvent, dans les récits, poursuivie par le sarcasme mâle. Notre propos sera de voir, à travers l’étude de la poésie de Laylā et dans les « récits » dessinant cette figure exemplaire dont les « faits » et les poèmes se transmettront de siècle en siècle, comment se construit la relation de la femme à l’amour, à la mort, à la sphère du public et à la parole, à l’aube de l’islam.
Le lieu de l’abus : poésie et taḫyīl chez ʿAbd al-Qāhir al-Ǧurǧānī (m. 471/1078)
Authors: Bertrand Loïc 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article aims to determine the specificity of the notion of taḫyīl in ʿAbd al-Qāhir al-Ǧurǧānī’s (d. 471/1078) work. We will attempt to define this rhetorical device and explain the rhetorician’s interest in it. Taḫyīl consists in taking a word or sentence used in a figurative sense, in its literal sense. Although this definition is well-known, it remains uncertain in many respects (what is its decisive criteria? Is it a figure?). To answer these questions, it is necessary to take into account the ethico-rhetorical frame of the question of the taḫyīl in al-Ǧurǧānī’s work. It is first determined as a rhetorical misuse resulting from a deceptive syllogism, and then as a specificity of poetry: indeed, taḫyīl is not to be blamed only in poetry. We will show that taḫyīl should not be considered as a figure but as a topos (literally a “place,” in Aristotelian rhetoric) used to overemphasize one’s statement, i.e. to provide an excess of the assertion (mubālaġa fī l-iṯbāt).
The long journey of ‘Privatautonomie’
Authors: Kiehnle Arndt 
Published: December 2019

Summary
Individual autonomy was rediscovered in modernity when it came to the persecution of dissenters in Germany after the Reformatio n. Since the 18th century the ‘Privatautonomie’ of the individual has been established in German private law. Later, in the 19th century, the term autonomy gained ground in the legal terminology of French private law, also thanks to the German emigrant Foelix. In the 20th century autonomy, not least thanks to German-speaking jurists who fled from the Nazis, became a legal term also used in the private law of the USA and Great Britain.
The Dutch postwar restoration of rights regime regarding movable property
Authors: van Vliet Lars 
Published: December 2019

Summary
During the Second World War Germany and German nationals looted the Netherlands and its nationals of many valuable assets, that were taken to Germany. Often the looting took the form of forced sales. In some cases, the sales price was too low, in other cases the German buyer paid market value or more, but often the buyer paid with guilders looted from the Dutch State. After the liberation of the Netherlands the ‘restoration of rights regime’ enabled victims of forced sales to seek annulment of the sales. This article concentrates on those movable goods that were sold to German buyers and that, after the war, returned from Germany to the Netherlands with the help of the Allied Forces, the so-called recuperation goods. If the seller did not seek annulment before the deadline of July 1951, for example because the price paid was considerable so that he preferred to keep the purchase price, or if his request was rejected, the Dutch State should not be forced to return these goods to their German buyer. Therefore, these goods were first subjected to Royal Decree E 133 which expropriated all German owned property in the Netherlands. Upon return to the Netherlands the recuperation goods became State property, but this measure could be undone by the seller successfully seeking annulment of the sales contract under Royal Decree E 100. However, if no annulment took place, the State remained owner of these goods.
Ethiopia-Eritrea Rapproachment
Authors: Magnet Joseph Eliot 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
On July 9, 2018 Ethiopia and Eritrea signed a Joint Declaration of Peace and Friendship. On July 17, 2018 Ethiopia announced plans for landlocked Ethiopia to use Eritrea’s port of Assab.
Ethiopia’s proposed use of Assab has implications for the indigenous Afar people who have lived in the port area for two thousand years. The United Nations Special Rapporteur on the situation of Human Rights in Eritrea and the United Nations Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in Eritrea found that Eritrea engaged in widespread persecution of the Afar people, including evicting them from the port area of Assab without any compensation. Both UN entities found that this persecution amounted to crimes against humanity.
This paper considers the legal consequences for Ethiopia and Ethiopian officials if they use the Assab port area taken from the Afar by criminal means: will they be involving themselves in Eritrea’s crimes? The paper then considers alternative arrangements from the perspective of where the interests of Ethiopia, Eritrea and the Afar are anticipated to converge. It concludes with proposals to resolve the present untenable situation.
An Examination of the Legislative Limitations of Artistic Freedom of Expression in Uganda
Authors: Kakungulu-Mayambala Ronald , Solomon Rukundo , Makmot Victor Philip 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Artistic freedom of expression is guaranteed under the 1995 Constitution of the Republic of Uganda and other international instruments. This paper examines its application in all forms of art including paintings, music, poetry, novels, and plays. The paper examines the different legislation used in the restriction of artistic freedom of expression. It argues that these restrictions are contrary to the guarantees of freedom of expression provided in the Constitution and in various regional and international instruments. Part I of this paper gives a historical background to artistic freedom of expression noting how it has been suppressed since colonial times. Part II examines international protection of artistic freedom of expression while Part III analyses the protection of artistic freedom of expression in Uganda as guaranteed by the Constitution. Part IV analyses the legislation limiting artistic freedom of expression and highlights how these are incompatible with international and local human rights standards. Part V puts forward the case for artistic freedom of expression. Finally, Part VI provides the conclusion.
Greek Genealogical Epic: Vitality of Its Formulaic Diction
Authors: Fernández-Delgado José-Antonio 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
One aspect of the Greek epic that has yet to be thoroughly explored is the possibility of differentiating, in the midst of formulaic wording, the different genres that from the point of view of Greek literature comprise, for example, the telling of heroic deeds (Iliad, Odyssey), gnomic-paraenetic poetry (Works and Days), or the stories of genealogies, be they divine (Theogony), or heroic (Ehoiai). However, each of these forms of poetic expression had available a specific formulaic apparatus apart from the other much more abundant and more visible, the epic one, shared among the different genres. Thus has it been pointed out on some occasions, although the critics have scarcely pursued the consequences. Here my proposal consists of investigating the dynamics of the formulaic diction of oral poetry of the genealogical type, based on information provided in this regard by the Hesiodic poems of the Theogony, and above all, of the Catalogue of Women.
Historical Sociolinguistics: How and Why? Some Observations from Greek Documentary Papyri
Authors: Bentein Klaas 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Whereas initially texts from the past were given relatively little attention in sociolinguistic studies, nowadays historical sociolinguistics as a discipline has come to maturity, too. A central notion in (historical) sociolinguistics is that of context: regrettably, however, there is still no generally accepted theory of how context can be captured and related to language. One of the few frameworks that has attempted to provide a coherent and unifying account is the so-called Functional Sociolinguistic framework. In this article, I illustrate the potential of this model for the study of Post-classical and Byzantine Greek complementation.
Atticist Lexicography in the Palaeologan Age and Historical Sociolinguistics: Some Brief Remarks
Authors: Valente Stefano 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper sketches how the investigation both of Atticist lexica produced or copied during the Palaeologan age and of Atticist entries in more general lexicographic works of that period can contribute to historical sociolinguistic studies. When examining Byzantine lexicography from this perspective, the highly conservative character of the content should always be kept in mind. Despite the re-use of linguistic categories elaborated and employed in earlier scholarly traditions, Byzantine Atticist lexica still offer evidence to help us understand how some of these categories such as ‘Attic’ vs ‘non-Attic’ were applied during the Palaeologan age.
‘Atticismo’, excerpta lessicografici e prassi didattiche in età paleologa
Authors: Ucciardello Giuseppe 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The search for purity of language during the Palaeologan age has often been regarded as a revival of the Atticist movement of the second century AD. Students who had access to the higher education aimed at mastering this new form of Attic Greek: a large set of ancient authors deemed to be models of language and style served as repositories of lexical materials. Within this framework the need of school handbooks, dictionaries is quite understandable. In the first section of the paper I offer an overview of the multifarious typologies of scholarly texts largely used in the first Palaeologan age. Then, I focus more specifically on some miscellaneous excerpts merged into anthological manuscripts, by taking into account a largely overlooked series of grammatical and lexical annotations on Lucian. Differently from what is often stated in the catalogues, I show how the order of the items follows closely Lucian’s texts. These annotations could be the transcription of teachers’ notes and/or lecture notes taken during collective/private readings of texts.
Gli Erotemata di Manuele Moscopulo e i suoi precedenti
Authors: Rollo Antonio 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
After displaying the theory of Theodosian nominal morphology, the paper offers an overview of the development of Greek grammar in Byzantium between the twelfth and the fourteenth centuries. Starting from Theodoros Prodromos’ handbook it takes on the study of the Erotemata of Moschopoulos and examines their relationship with the erotematic genre.
Database Design and Sociolinguistics: Considerations for ByzTec (the Byzantine Tagged Electronic Corpus)
Authors: Wahlgren Staffan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this paper work on building a linguistically tagged corpus of Byzantine texts (ByzTec) is discussed. In its present form the corpus consists of texts from the 10th and 14th centuries, and genres such as history, letter-writing and oratory are represented. Technical aspects of the corpus are described, as well as the different kinds of linguistic phenomena covered, such as morphology and semantics. So far, the primary purpose of the undertaking has been to facilitate the author’s own work on linguistic variation within an elite of Byzantine society. However, it is to be hoped that the corpus can be of use to others, including those interested in sociolinguistic aspects of Byzantine Greek.
Lingua letteraria e lingua di corte: diglossia e insegnamento tradizionale in Etiopia fra Tardo Antico e Medio Evo
Authors: Lusini Gianfrancesco 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The Ethiopian literary tradition extends over a time frame beginning even before the christianization of the Country (first half of the 4th cent.) up to modern times. In this long period we frequently register phenomena of interference both among different languages (Greek, Gǝ‘ǝz, Arabic, Amharic, agaw languages and so on) and between various registers of the same language, produced or conditioned by specific cultural or religious contexts. Particularly, in the Middle Ages the differentiation between Gǝ‘ǝz as the language of the clergy and the written discourse, and Amharic as the language of the court and the verbal communication, had momentous reflexes on the traditional teaching, related to Gǝ‘ǝz liturgical texts, but orally transmitted in Amharic. This development proved to be crucial for the start of the literarization process of Amharic, to be dated back to the second half of the 16th cent., as an effect of the missionary propaganda of the Portuguese Jesuits and of their polemics against the Ethiopian Orthodox clergy.
On Drinking Wine in Anacreon fr. 356 PMG (= 33 Gent.)
Authors: Palmisciano Riccardo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The A. supports with new arguments von der Mühll’s idea that in Anacreon fr. 356 PMG (=33 Gentili) Athenaeus has joined two distinct short poems. The first (fr. a) is an invitation to drink heavily in order to provoke Dionysiac enthusiasm; the second (fr. b) is an admonition against the degeneration of the symposium and a reminder of the rules of a well-ordered rite. The performance of the two poems must be placed in the same symposium at some distance of time, or, more probably, in different symposia: both could be performed whenever similar circumstances occurred. Some arguments are proposed in defence of Pauw’s amendment ἀνυβρίστως in fr. (a).
La psilosi nel coliambo ellenistico
Authors: Colesanti Giulio 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Deductive reasoning (as Hipponax composed choliambic verses in a psilotic Ionic, his Hellenistic imitators must also have reproduced psilosis in their choliambic works), the comparison with Theoc. Idyllls 28–31 (where he imitated the psilotic Aeolic dialect of Alcaeus) and above all the attested psilotic words in the verses of Phoenix of Colophon, Herodas and Callimachus suggest that the entire Hellenistic choliambic poetry was written in an Ionic characterised by psilosis.
New Manuscripts of De Littera Grammatical Texts
Authors: Soage Javier 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The paper points out and discusses further manuscript tradition of two De littera grammatical texts, namely the De littera ex libro dom⟨i⟩ni Donati and two versions of the so-called De littera. The critical study of both tracts is brought up to date in light of the new witnesses as well as by re-evaluation of the known copies.
Sous-traiter dans les Travaux publics au XVIIIe siècle, du cas à l’enquête
Authors: Conchon Anne 
Published: December 2019

Résumé
Alors que la sous-traitance est a priori proscrite dans le cadre des Travaux publics, elle est pourtant utilisée sur des chantiers de construction d’infrastructures, de façon à permettre aux entrepreneurs de réaliser des ouvrages requérant la mobilisation d’une main d’œuvre abondante et de savoir-faire complexes. Le contentieux qui opposa un entrepreneur de travaux, Pierre-Marin Legrand, à l’administration des Ponts et Chaussées à la fin du XVIIIe siècle apporte à cet égard de précieux éclaircissements sur cette relation de travail.
Le monde artisanal et la sous-traitance à Londres, au XVIIIe siècle : Organisation du travail, culture technique et identités
Authors: Hilaire-Pérez Liliane , Clifford Helen 
Published: December 2019

Résumé
La sous-traitance dans les métiers londoniens est un phénomène massif au XVIIIe siècle qui transforme l’économie et la culture technique artisanales. Elle est liée à la recherche de producteurs qualifiés capables de répondre à la demande en nombre d’articles hautement composites, censés varier les effets visuels et fonctionnels des objets de consommation. L’économie de la variété, appliquée à une production importante, favorise l’extension des circuits entre producteurs et l’essor des marchés de production, c’est-à-dire une organisation ramifiée complexe fondée sur la mobilisation d’opérateurs externes spécialisés, sous l’égide d’artisans-entrepreneurs. Nous nous proposons d’examiner l’impact de cette organisation du travail sur la culture technique et les identités professionnelles en milieu artisanal. On abordera cette question d’une part à travers l’écrit économique, d’autre part à partir d’actes de la pratique.
La sous-traitance en Chine contemporaine : Des chaines de valeurs globales aux réseaux d’entreprises familiales. Subordination et collaboration
Authors: Guiheux Gilles 
Published: December 2019

Résumé
Les trois dernières décennies de la croissance de l’économie chinoise sont à mettre au crédit de son insertion dans l’économie mondiale. Une grande partie de l’activité est liée à des commandes faites par des donneurs d’ordre étrangers à des établissements manufacturiers. Les relations de sous-traitance ne se résument pourtant pas à des relations de subordination. En particulier en Chine rurale, ces relations peuvent être horizontales, fortement insérées dans des réseaux sociaux préexistants. Cette situation interroge la frontière entre autonomie et subordination.
論《蒙古字韻》所反映的漢語方言音系
Authors: 武志 濱田 
Published: December 2019

提要
關於《蒙古字韻》所反映的漢語方言音系，本文得出了以下結論：①中古音四聲已分爲陰陽八調。②疑、云母的實現形式ꡃ <ŋ> [ŋ-]和ꡝ <’> [ʔ-]都是/ʔ-/ （陽調）的條件變體。③中古音微母、日母、以母 （各自對應於ꡓ <w>、ꡔ <ž>、ꡭ <y1>）爲[v-, ʐ-, jɦ-]，中古音奉母、禪母、部分匣母（對應於ꡤ <f1>、ꡚ <š1>、ꡯ <h1>）變爲[fɦ-, ʂɦ-, xɦ-]。這兩個音變構成一套鏈移 （chain shift）。④中古音全濁聲母除了邪母和部分匣母以外都變為“清音濁流” [Cɦ-]。⑤硬顎音聲母/c, cʰ, ç, j, ɲ/有獨立的地位，但是/c, cʰ, ç/沒有專用字母。⑥韻腹有/a, e, ɤ, i, u, y, ï/，韻尾有/j, w, m, n, ŋ/，介音有/w, ɥ, i/。介音/i/只與韻腹/a, e/相配。
元朝人沒有現代語言學的知識。從韻書等資料構擬出一套語音系統的科學研究是一項嶄新的嘗試。使用表音文字構擬脫離實際方言的語音系統並且還制定拼法，這是一項遠比現代人能想像的難得多的工作。本文認爲，哪一個字屬於哪一個小韻很可能是根據前代韻書而決定的，同時還認為，語音系統本身很可能是反映著實際方言音系的相當部分。
創造八思巴字拼寫的原則很可能是，蒙古語母語話者如同讀八思巴字蒙古語一樣發音，就能夠自然地念出近似漢語的語音。換句話說，八思巴字拼寫系統是爲了方便蒙古人而設計出的。
The Bohra Manuscript Treasury as a Sacred Site of Philology: a Study in Social Codicology
Authors: Akkerman Olly 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article examines the social meaning of philology in Arabic from the perspective of a contemporary Indian Shīʿī Muslim community, known as the Alawi Bohras. Rather than approaching philology as a tradition of canonical texts, it considers philology as a social act: a set of practices that are imbedded socially in the community. We focus on the community’s khizāna, or manuscript treasury, and investigate its social role as a sacred site of philology, its Arabic manuscripts being only accessible to the highest clerics. Even though inaccessible to believers, the khizāna manuscripts have rich social lives as objects of concealment, agency, and healing. These social lives precisely lay bare the encounter between the philological and the community. As a study in social codicology that explores this encounter, the case of the Alawi Bohras is an invitation to rethink the social meaning of philology and manuscripts in Muslim societies.
Arsāniyūs Shukrī al-Ḥakīm’s Account of His Journey to France, the Iberian Peninsula, and Italy (1748–1757) from Travel Journal to Edition
Authors: Krimsti Feras 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn 1748, the monk Arsāniyūs Shukrī al-Ḥakīm (1707–1786), a member of the Lebanese Maronite Order in Mount Lebanon, was sent to Catholic Europe, tasked with securing financial support and the protection of the French King for his indebted order. The literary byproduct of this journey through the Christian lands of Western Europe was an extensive travel account. Based on recent manuscript findings, the present contribution examines the different versions in which this ego-document has been transmitted, including the original travel journal written en route by Arsāniyūs himself, copies by contemporaries who turned the travel journal into a travelogue, an excerpt included in an anthology dating to the 1870s, and finally the edition by the Jesuit scholar Ferdinand Taoutel (1887–1977). The account of the journey, it is argued, remained the object of a philological engagement that was meant to guarantee the continuity of its relevance and use in changing contexts.
From Taṣḥīḥ to Taḥqīq: Toward a History of the Arabic Critical Edition
Authors: Dayeh Islam 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe article traces the transformations in Arabic editorial practices from the mid-19th century through the early decades of the 20th-century. Focusing on the publishing world of Cairo, the article examines some of the major political, cultural and technological conditions that shaped editorial choice and technique. The article explores continuities as well as ruptures with traditional Arabic-Islamic editorial practice, and assesses the impact of 19th-century European philological and historical scholarship. Particular attention is given to examining innovation in editorial practice, textual form, and modes of research over the course of a century.
Bar-Dancing, Palm Wine, and Letters
Authors: Porter Sanchez Danielle 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article focuses on the militarization of social life and leisure in Brazzaville during the Second World War and argues that efforts to instill a sense of control over the city could only suppress life so much, as many Congolese people were unwilling to completely succumb to the will of the administration in a war that seemed to offer very little to their communities or their city as a whole. Furthermore, drinking and dancing served as opportunities to engage with issues of class and race in the wartime capital of Afrique Française Libre. The history of alcohol consumption in Brazzaville is not simply the story of choosing whether or not to drink (or allow others to drink); rather, it is one of many stories of colonial control, exploitation, and racism that plagued Europe’s colonies in Africa during the Second World War.