bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and morphological and molecular characteristics of Sarcocystis bertrami in horses in China
Authors: Ma Chun-Li , Ye Yu-Long , Wen Tao , Huang Zhu-Mei , Pan Jing , Hu Jun-Jie , Tao Jian-Ping , Song Jing-Ling 
Published: January 2020

Three cyst-forming Sarcocystis species have been identified in horsemeat; however, there exists considerable confusion concerning their relationships. Here, 74% (34/46) of the examined tissue samples from horses contained sarcocysts based on examination by light microscopy (LM), and the organism was identified as Sarcocystis bertrami based on cyst structure. The S. bertrami cysts were microscopic (up to 6750 μm in length) and exhibited a striated wall with 2.0–5.1 μm villar protrusions (vps) under LM. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations showed that the vps were tightly packed, similar to “type 11c”. Four genetic markers (18S, 28S, ITS1 and the mitochondrial cox1 gene) of S. bertrami were sequenced and analyzed. The 28S and ITS1 sequences are the first records for Sarcocystis in horses. The newly obtained sequences of the 18S and cox1 genes both shared the highest similarities with those of S. bertrami and S. fayeri obtained from horses. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 18S, 28S and cox1 sequences revealed that S. bertrami and S. fayeri formed an independent clade within a group comprising Sarcocystis spp. from ruminants and pigs. Therefore, S. bertrami and S. fayeri are considered to represent the same species of Sarcocystis in horses, and S. fayeri is a junior synonym of Sarcocystis bertrami.
Skeletal Muscle Microvascular Adaptations Following Regular Cold Water Immersion
Authors: Ihsan Mohammed , Watson Greig , Choo Hui Cheng , Govus Andrew , Cocking Scott , Stanley Jamie , Abbiss Chris Richard 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of endurance training and regular post-exercise cold water immersion on changes in microvascular function. Nine males performed 3 sessions∙wk-1 of endurance training for 4 weeks. Following each session, participants immersed one leg in a cold water bath (10°C; COLD) for 15 min while the contra-lateral leg served as control (CON). Before and after training, microvascular function of the gastrocnemius was assessed using near-infrared spectroscopy, where 5 min of popliteal artery occlusion was applied and monitored for 3 min upon cuff release. Changes in Hbdiff (oxyhemoglobin – deoxyhemoglobin) amplitude (O-AMP), area under curve (O-AUC) and estimated muscle oxygen consumption (mVO2) were determined during occlusion, while the reperfusion rate (R-RATE), reperfusion amplitude (R-AMP) and hyperemic response (HYP) were determined following cuff release. Training increased O-AMP (p=0.010), O-AUC (p=0.011), mVO2 (p=0.013), R-AMP (p=0.004) and HYP (p=0.057). Significant time (p=0.024) and condition (p=0.026) effects were observed for R-RATE, where the increase in COLD was greater compared with CON (p=0.026). In conclusion, R-RATE following training was significantly higher in COLD compared with CON, providing some evidence for enhanced microvascular adaptations following regular cold water immersion.
Die aktuelle und zukünftige Rolle der Active Surveillance beim Prostatakarzinom
Authors: Pfaff Tillmann , Jentzmik Florian 
Published: January 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDas Prostatakarzinom (PCa) ist mit 25 % aller diagnostizierten malignen Tumoren die häufigste Krebserkrankung des Mannes in Deutschland. Ca. 50 % der Tumoren sind sogenannte low-risk-Karzinome. Diese Tumoren haben ein sehr geringes Risikopotenzial. Eine invasive Therapie mit kurativer Intention kann hier eine potenzielle Übertherapie darstellen. Als alternative Therapiemöglichkeit hat sich die Active Surveillance etabliert. Mit der Active Surveillance soll ein low-risk Tumor überwacht werden, die Übertherapie vermieden und bei Progress eine invasive Therapie eingeleitet werden, bei gleicher tumorspezifischen Mortalitätsrate und einer Reduktion der Morbidität.
Non-Surgical and Non-Radioiodine Techniques for Ablation of Benign
Thyroid Nodules: Consensus Statement and Recommendation
Authors: Feldkamp Joachim , Grünwald F. , Luster Markus , Lorenz Kerstin , Vorländer Christian , Führer Dagmar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThyroid nodules and cysts are frequently diagnosed in Germany with a
prevalence of about 20% in young adults reaching up to 70%
in older adults. Surgery is the standard treatment of symptomatic nodules,
nodules with suspicion of malignancy and thyroid cancer. Radioiodine
treatment is applied for autonomously functioning nodules. During the last
years new non-surgical and non-radioiodine techniques have been introduced
to treat thyroid nodules. These techniques include
ethanol/polidocanol treatment, radiofrequency, microwave, and laser
ablation, and high frequency ultrasound ablation. A significant reduction in
nodule size could be documented for these techniques in several studies, but
long-term outcome data are missing. Until now, there is no general consensus
regarding the appropriate indications for these methods. For this reason,
the Thyroid Section (German Society for Endocrinology), the Thyroid Working
Committee (German Society for Nuclear Medicine), and the German Association
of Endocrine Surgeons (CAEK) for the German Society of General and Visceral
Surgery (DGAV) reviewed the respective literature, discussed the pro and
cons and developed a consensus statement and recommendation to help
physicians and patients in their decision making.
Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura-Type Cross-Coupling Reactions of π-Activated Alcohols
Authors: Akkarasamiyo Sunisa , Ruchirawat Somsak , Ploypradith Poonsaksi , Samec Joseph S. M. 
Published: January 2020

The Suzuki–Miyaura reaction is one of the most powerful tools for the formation of carbon–carbon bonds in organic synthesis. The utilization of alcohols in this powerful reaction is a challenging task. This short review covers progress in the transition-metal-catalyzed Suzuki­–Miyaura-type cross-coupling reaction of π-activated alcohol, such as aryl, benzylic, allylic, propargylic and allenic alcohols, between 2000 and June 2019.1	Introduction2	Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions of Aryl Alcohols2.1	One-Pot Reactions with Pre-activation of the C–O Bond2.1.1	Palladium Catalysis2.1.2	Nickel Catalysis2.2	Direct Activation of the C–O Bond2.2.1	Nickel Catalysis3	Suzuki–Miyaura-Type Cross-Coupling Reactions of Benzylic Alcohols4	Suzuki–Miyaura-Type Cross-Coupling Reactions of Allylic Alcohols4.1	Rhodium Catalysis4.2	Palladium Catalysis4.3	Nickel Catalysis4.4	Stereospecific Reactions4.5	Stereoselective Reactions4.6	Domino Reactions5	Suzuki–Miyaura-Type Cross-Coupling Reactions of Propargylic Alcohols5.1	Palladium Catalysis5.2	Rhodium Catalysis6	Suzuki–Miyaura-Type Cross-Coupling Reactions of Allenic Alcohols6.1	Palladium Catalysis6.2	Rhodium Catalysis7	Conclusions
European and Australian Cerebral Palsy Surveillance Networks Working Together for Collaborative Research
Authors: Sellier Elodie , McIntyre Sarah , Smithers-Sheedy Hayley , Platt Mary Jane ,   on behalf of SCPE and ACPR Groups
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Aims This study aims to describe and compare goals and methods, characteristics of children with cerebral palsy (CP), and to compare prevalence of CP in the Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe (SCPE) and the Australian Cerebral Palsy Register (ACPR).
Methods This study compares the objectives of the two networks and their working practices; key documents from both above-mentioned networks were used. Children included in the comparison of the descriptive profile and prevalence measures were born between 1993 and 2009 for Australian data and between 1980 and 2003 for SCPE.
Results SCPE contributed 10,756 cases and ACPR 6,803. There were similar distributions of motor type, severity, and gestational age groups, except for the proportion of the lowest gestational age category (range, 20–27 weeks) which was twice higher in the ACPR (13 vs. 7%). Associated impairment proportions were also similar except for severe vision impairment which was more than twice as high in SCPE as in the ACPR (11 vs. 4%), but most likely due to a subtle difference in definitions. Prevalence rates were comparable at the same time point in the different groups of birth weight, and declined over time, except for the moderately low birth weight in ACPR.
Conclusion Two CP networks representing two continents have compared their major characteristics to facilitate the comparison across their study populations. These characteristics proved to be similar with only marginal differences. This gives additional strength to the observation in both networks that CP prevalence is decreasing which is of great importance for families and health care systems.
Fathers' Visitation of Very Low Birth Weight Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit during the First Week of Life
Authors: Patel Khushbu , Cortright Lindsay , Tumin Dmitry , Kohler John A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjective The perceived fragility of extremely preterm neonates may deter paternal visitation early during the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay. We retrospectively analyzed the correlation between paternal visitation of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants in our NICU and sociodemographic characteristics.Study Design We identified inborn VLBW infants admitted to our NICU from 2017 to 2018. The rate of visit days in the first week of life was analyzed using Spearman's correlation and Poisson's regression.Results The analysis included 292 infants (median gestational age [GA]: 29 weeks), with fathers present on a median of 3 days of the first week of life. GA was not correlated with visitation (rho = –0.04). On multivariable regression, fathers visited less frequently if they did not live with the mother or if the mother lived 25 to 75 km from the hospital versus < 25 km.Conclusion Fathers' visitation in our NICU was constrained by socioeconomic factors rather than VLBW infants' characteristics.
Molecular mechanism of the chitinolytic peroxygenase reaction
Authors: Bissaro Bastien , Streit Bennett , Isaksen Ingvild , Eijsink Vincent G. H. , Beckham Gregg T. , DuBois Jennifer L. , Røhr Åsmund K. 
Published: January 2020

Significance
Biomass decomposition by microorganisms relies on a battery of enzymes, of which lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) constitute a central player. LPMOs are notably able to disrupt the abundant recalcitrant carbohydrates cellulose and chitin and thus increase the overall rate of their degradation. It has recently been demonstrated that LPMOs prefer hydrogen peroxide over molecular oxygen to oxidize and cleave their substrates. Here, we explain through molecular simulations and experiments how a chitin-active LPMO activates hydrogen peroxide and catalyzes substrate hydrogen abstraction. Thereby, we reveal the molecular details of this unusual bioinorganic chemistry, which is of high relevance for the understanding of pathogenesis-defense mechanisms and biomass turnover.
What music makes us feel: At least 13 dimensions organize subjective experiences associated with music across different cultures
Authors: Cowen Alan S. , Fang Xia , Sauter Disa , Keltner Dacher 
Published: January 2020

SignificanceDo our subjective experiences when listening to music show evidence of universality? And if so, what is the nature of these experiences? With data-driven methodological and statistical approaches, we examined the feelings evoked by 2,168 music excerpts in the United States and China. We uncovered 13 distinct types of experiences that people across 2 different cultures report in listening to music of different kinds. Categories such as “awe” drive the experience of music more so than broad affective features like valence. However, emotions that scientists have long treated as discrete can be blended together. Our results provide answers to long-standing questions about the nature of the subjective experiences associated with music.
Object clitic production in French-speaking L2 children and children with SLI
Authors: Scheidnes Maureen , Tuller Laurice , Prévost Philippe 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study examines French object clitic production in 20 typically developing L2 children (L1 English) compared to 19
monolingual children with SLI. We collected spontaneous and elicitation data twice at a one-year interval (T1, T2) in order to better
evaluate the impact of age- and time-related factors on the L2-SLI comparison, as well as the impact of proficiency and working memory on
object clitic production. The data revealed considerable group overlap at T1 in both tasks, but the L2 children produced significantly more
object clitics than the SLI group at T2 in spontaneous language, thus suggesting that the L2-SLI overlap decreases when the L2 children have
more language exposure. In elicitation, clitic production in both groups increased from T1 to T2 when all clitic types were included, but
when only 3p accusative clitics were analyzed, the L2 children outperformed the SLI group. Age played an important role in elicitation in
both groups, thus suggesting that mature performance systems, including unimpaired working memory, are required for object clitic production
in this task. Language-related measures were linked to both tasks, thus suggesting that object clitic production is particularly sensitive
to overall language proficiency, possibly because of issues with resource allocation.
Has “Grain for Green” threaten food security on the Loess Plateau of China?
Authors: Shi Peng , Feng Zhaohong , Gao Haidong , Li Peng , Zhang Xiaoming , Zhu Tiantian , Li Zhanbin , Xu Guoce , Ren Zongping , Xiao Lie 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
There is debating over the question of whether the large-scale ‘Grain for Green’ program on the Loess Plateau of China threatens regional food security. Self-sufficiency index and cropland pressure index were used to assess food security on the Loess Plateau after the implementation of revegetation program. The results showed that the ‘Grain for Green’ program initially had a considerable impact on regional food security, where grain yield fell from 1999 to 2001, resulting in a lower grain self-sufficiency and increased farmland stress. Subsequently, grain yield in this region increased due to the elevated agricultural material input and increased construction of terraces and check dams. The grain self-sufficiency index would have increased to 96.55% if there were improvements to the agricultural conditions, such as fertilization and irrigation, which would have resulted in an increase in the crop yield per unit of 20%. However, the grain self-sufficiency increased to 105.25% via the construction of terraces and check dams. Thus, the government should further expand the ‘Grain for Green’ program in coordination with improvements to the agricultural production conditions and the construction of terraces and check dams on the Loess Plateau.
Centrality anomalies in complex networks as a result of model over-simplification
Authors: Alves Luiz G A , Aleta Alberto , Rodrigues Francisco A , Moreno Yamir , Nunes Amaral Luís A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Tremendous advances have been made in our understanding of the properties and evolution of complex networks. These advances were initially driven by information-poor empirical networks and theoretical analysis of unweighted and undirected graphs. Recently, information-rich empirical data complex networks supported the development of more sophisticated models that include edge directionality and weight properties, and multiple layers. Many studies still focus on unweighted undirected description of networks, prompting an essential question: how to identify when a model is simpler than it must be? Here, we argue that the presence of centrality anomalies in complex networks is a result of model over-simplification. Specifically, we investigate the well-known anomaly in betweenness centrality for transportation networks, according to which highly connected nodes are not necessarily the most central. Using a broad class of network models with weights and spatial constraints and four large data sets of transportation networks, we show that the unweighted projection of the structure of these networks can exhibit a significant fraction of anomalous nodes compared to a random null model. However, the weighted projection of these networks, compared with an appropriated null model, significantly reduces the fraction of anomalies observed, suggesting that centrality anomalies are a symptom of model over-simplification. Because lack of information-rich data is a common challenge when dealing with complex networks and can cause anomalies that misestimate the role of nodes in the system, we argue that sufficiently sophisticated models be used when anomalies are detected.
Measurements of decay branching fractions of

in associated

production at the CEPC *
Authors: Bai Yu , Chen Chun-Hui , Fang Ya-Quan , Li Gang , Ruan Man-Qi , Shi Jing-Yuan , Wang Bo , Kong Pan-Yu , Lan Bo-Yang , Liu Zhan-Feng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The high-precision measurement of Higgs boson properties is one of the primary goals of the Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC). The measurements of

decay branching fraction in the CEPC experiment is presented, considering a scenario of analysing 5000 fb-1

collision data with the center-of-mass energy of 250 GeV. In this study the Higgs bosons are produced in association with a pair of leptons, dominantly mediated by the ZH production process. The statistical uncertainty of the signal cross section is estimated to be about 1% in the

final state, and approximately 5%-10% in the

final states. In addition, the main sources of the systematic uncertainties and their impacts to the measurements of branching fractions are discussed. This study demonstrates the potential of precise measurement of the hadronic final states of the Higgs boson decay at the CEPC, and will provide key information to understand the Yukawa couplings between the Higgs boson and quarks, which are predicted to be the origin of quarks’ masses in the standard model.
Measurement of the differential cross sections and angle-integrated cross sections of the 6Li(n, t)4He reaction from 1.0 eV to 3.0 MeV at the CSNS Back-n white neutron source *
Authors: Bai Huaiyong , Fan Ruirui , Jiang Haoyu , Cui Zengqi , Hu Yiwei , Zhang Guohui , Chen Zhenpeng , Jiang Wei , Yi Han , Tang Jingyu , Zhou Liang , An Qi , Bao Jie , Cao Ping , Chen Qiping , Chen Yonghao , Cheng Pinjing , Feng Changqing , Gu Minhao , Guo Fengqin , Han Changcai , Han Zijie , He Guozhu , He Yongcheng , He Yuefeng , Huang Hanxiong , Huang Weiling , Huang Xiru , Ji Xiaolu , Ji Xuyang , Jing Hantao , Kang Ling , Kang Mingtao , Li Bo , Li Lun , Li Qiang , Li Xiao , Li Yang , Li Yang , Liu Rong , Liu Shubin , Liu Xingyan , Luan Guangyuan , Ma Yinglin , Ning Changjun , Qi Binbin , Ren Jie , Ruan Xichao , Song Zhaohui , Sun Hong , Sun Xiaoyang , Sun Zhijia , Tan Zhixin , Tang Hongqing , Wang Pengcheng , Wang Qi , Wang Taofeng , Wang Yanfeng , Wang Zhaohui , Wang Zheng , Wen Jie , Wen Zhongwei , Wu Qingbiao , Wu Xiaoguang , Wu Xuan , Xie Likun , Yang Yiwei , Yu Li , Yu Tao , Yu Yongji , Zhang Jing , Zhang Linhao , Zhang Liying , Zhang Qingmin , Zhang Qiwei , Zhang Xianpeng , Zhang Yuliang , Zhang Zhiyong , Zhao Yingtan , Zhou Zuying , Zhu Danyang , Zhu Kejun , Zhu Peng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The 6Li(n, t)4He reaction was measured as the first experiment involving neutron-induced charged particle emission reactions at the CSNS (China Spallation Neutron Source) Back-n white neutron source. The differential cross-sections of the 6Li(n,t)4He reaction at 15 detection angles ranging from 19.2° to 160.8° are obtained from 1.0 eV to 3.0 MeV at 80 neutron energy points; for 50 energy points below 0.1 MeV they are reported for the first time. The results indicate that the anisotropy of the emitted tritium is noticeable above E
n = 100 eV. The angle-integrated cross-sections are also obtained. The present differential cross-sections agree in general with the previous evaluations, but there are some differences in the details. More importantly, the present results indicate that the cross-sections of the 6Li(n, t)4He reaction might be overestimated by most evaluations in the 0.5 − 3.0 MeV region, although they are recommended as standards below 1.0 MeV.
Reheating and entropy perturbations in fibre inflation *
Authors: Gu Bao-Min , Brandenberger Robert 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We study reheating in some one and two field realizations of fibre inflation. We find that reheating begins with a phase of preheating in which long wavelength fluctuation modes are excited. In two field models there is a danger that the parametric amplification of infrared fluctuations in the second scalar field - associated with an entropy mode - might induce an instability of the curvature fluctuations. We show that, at least in the models we consider, the entropy mode has a sufficiently large mass to prevent this instability. Hence, from the point of view of reheating the models we consider are well-behaved.
The simulation of compliance of structural joints in the calculation of multi-story frame buildings
Authors: Malahova A N , Morozova D V 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Multi-story frame buildings in precast concrete are one of the main types of buildings being built in the country. The article considers and analyzes the results of the numerical calculation of the structural system of a multi-story frame building, made using the LIRA-SAPR software package. It has been shown that with a semi-rigid assembly of the crossbars with columns it is necessary and possible to simulate the compliance of the joints. The ratio of bending moments in spans and on supports in the crossbars of the calculation scheme depends on the coefficient of compliance (rigidity) of the joints.
In its turn, the compliance of semi-rigid joints is a complex quantity, determined by the compliance of the structural elements of the joints, namely: the compliance of the embedded parts in the joined elements of the frame, the compliance of the connecting cover plate, the compliance of the welds for the connecting cover plate, as well as the compliance of the seam between the crossbar and a column filled with cement-sand mortar. An algorithm for determining the compliance of structural elements of a semi-rigid joint is given.
Interaction of a barrette with surrounding and underlying soil taking into account rheological property of soils
Authors: Ter-Martirosyan Z G , Huu Hung Dam 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The article presents the formulation and solution to the problem: A barrette has interaction with the surrounding and underlying soils, taking into account their linear and rheological properties, under the influence of the force applied to the barrette head - which would be solved with the analytical method. As a computational geomechanical model, a soil column with limited dimensions of rectangular cross-section containing a barrette is considered. It was shown that the distribution of the force applied to the barrette is distributed between its side surfaces and its toe significantly not only depends on the ratio of the stiffness of the surrounding and underlying soils(G1/G3; G2/G3), but also the geometric parameters of the barrette and the soil column. According to the value of the force applied to the barrette head, the stress-strain state of the “barrette-surrounding and underlying soils” system, including settlement and barrette’s bearing capacity, is distributed between the side surfaces of the barrette and its toe. The papers result servers as a basic to calculate the barrette’s bearing capacity and to prognose stress field and deformation of the ground surrounding the barrette and under its toe in time.