bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Duration of Inducible Ventricular Tachycardia Early After ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Its Impact on Mortality and Ventricular Tachycardia Recurrence
Authors: Deshmukh Tejas , Zaman Sarah , Narayan Arun , Kovoor Pramesh 
Published: June 2020

Background

The clinical significance of the duration of inducible ventricular tachycardia (
VT
) at electrophysiology study (
EPS
) in patients soon after
ST
‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction and its predictive utility for
VT
recurrence are not known.

Methods and Results

Consecutive
ST
‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction patients with day 3 to 5 left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40% underwent
EPS
. A positive
EPS
was defined as sustained monomorphic
VT
with cycle length ≥200 ms. The induced
VT
was terminated by overdrive pacing or direct current shock at 30 s or earlier if hemodynamic decompensation occurred. Patients with inducible
VT
duration 2 to 10 s were compared with patients with inducible
VT
>10 s. The primary end point was survival free of
VT
or cardiac mortality. From 384 consecutive
ST
‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction patients who underwent
EPS
, 29% had inducible
VT
(n=112, 87% men). After mean follow‐up of 5.9±3.9 years, primary end point occurred in 35% of patients with induced
VT
2 to 10 s duration (n=68) and in 22% of patients with induced
VT
>10 s (n=41) (
P
=0.61). This was significantly different from the noninducible
VT
group, in which primary end point occurred in 3% of patients (n=272) (
P
=0.001).

Conclusions

This study is the first to show that in patients who undergo
EPS
early after myocardial infarction, inducible
VT
of short duration (2–10 s) has similar predictive utility for ventricular tachyarrhythmia as longer duration (>10 s) inducible
VT
, which was significantly different to those without inducible
VT
. It is possible that immediate cardioversion of rapid
VT
might have contributed to some of the short durations of inducible
VT
.
Involuntary Orienting and Conflict Resolution during Auditory Attention: The Role of Ventral and Dorsal Streams
Authors: Stewart Hannah J. , Shen Dawei , Sham Nasim , Alain Claude 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Selective attention to sound object features such as pitch and location is associated with enhanced brain activity in ventral and dorsal streams, respectively. We examined the role of these pathways in involuntary orienting and conflict resolution using fMRI. Participants were presented with two tones that may, or may not, share the same nonspatial (frequency) or spatial (location) auditory features. In separate blocks of trials, participants were asked to attend to sound frequency or sound location and ignore the change in the task-irrelevant feature. In both attend-frequency and attend-location tasks, RTs were slower when the task-irrelevant feature changed than when it stayed the same (involuntary orienting). This behavioral cost coincided with enhanced activity in the pFC and superior temporal gyrus. Conflict resolution was examined by comparing situations where the change in stimulus features was congruent (both features changed) and incongruent (only one feature changed). Participants were slower and less accurate for incongruent than congruent sound features. This congruency effect was associated with enhanced activity in the pFC and was greater in the right superior temporal gyrus and medial frontal cortex during the attend-location task than during the attend-frequency task. Together, these findings do not support a strict division of “labor” into ventral and dorsal streams but rather suggest interactions between these pathways in situations involving changes in task-irrelevant sound feature and conflict resolution. These findings also validate the Test of Attention in Listening task by revealing distinct neural correlates for involuntary orienting and conflict resolution.
Beckett the Spiritist
Authors: Rapcsak Balazs 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Most of the critical attention devoted to Breath has been focused on its adaptations and the affinities between its theatrical realization and the visual arts. Tracing Beckett’s ambivalent attitude towards the staging of the play, this article offers a closer analysis of Breath as a textual artefact. It discusses various published and unpublished versions of the script and their relation to the sketch’s infamous ‘appropriation’ in its first production as part of the revue Oh! Calcutta!, in an attempt to reconstruct three episodes of a media drama that unfolds in and around the play.
Do Tamil newspapers educate the public about suicide? Content analysis from a high suicide Union Territory in India
Authors: Menon Vikas , Kaliamoorthy Charanya , Sridhar Vivekanandhan Kavanoor , Varadharajan Natarajan , Joseph Rini , Kattimani Shivanand , Kar Sujita Kumar , Arafat SM Yasir 
Published: June 2020

Background: Responsible media reporting of suicide is a key population-level suicide prevention strategy. Thus far, there has been no systematic analysis of media reporting of suicide in Puducherry, a consistently high suicide burden state in India. Aim: To evaluate the adherence of media reports of suicide against the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines in Puducherry. Method: We conducted a year-round content analysis of all suicide-related reports in the two most widely read vernacular dailies of Puducherry. We used a pre-defined data extraction form and coded each item based on the WHO reporting guidelines. Results: A total of 318 suicide reports were retrieved. Harmful reporting practices such as mentioning the method of suicide (99.1%), description of the steps involved (68.2%) and location of suicide (86.5%), monocausal explanations (91.8%), and inciting life events (52.5%) were common. Helpful practices such as mentioning warning signs (1.3%), recognizing links with mental health disorders (3.8%) and effects on bereaved persons (2.2%) were rare. Only one article (0.31%) included any content related to educational/preventive aspects of suicide. Conclusion: Media reporting of suicide in Puducherry, India, does not adhere to reporting guidelines and there is very little focus on educating the public about preventive aspects of suicide. Urgent efforts are warranted to improve the quality of media reporting which should include the development of national guidelines on suicide reporting and collaborative efforts that take into account barriers and perspectives of media professionals.
National Trends in Surgical Resection of Vestibular Schwannomas
Authors: Ren Yin , Sethi Rosh K. V. , Stankovic Konstantina M. 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo characterize the national trend for surgical resection of vestibular schwannoma (VS) and to assess changes in demographics, length of stay (LOS), discharge patterns, and hospital charges.Study DesignPopulation‐based inpatient registry analysis.SettingNational Inpatient Sample and SEER database (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results).Patients and MethodsRetrospective review of the US National Inpatient Sample and the SEER database from 2001 to 2014 of all patients who underwent resection of VS.ResultsA total of 24,380 VS resections were performed. While the annual incidence of VS remained stable at 1.38 per 100,000, surgical volume declined by 36.1%, from 2807 in 2001 to 1795 in 2014 (R2 = 0.58). Total hospital charges more than doubled, from $52,475 in 2001 to $115,164 in 2014 ($4478 per year, R2 = 0.96). While most procedures were performed at large‐sized hospitals, this decreased from 89% in 2002 to 75.8% in 2014. Average LOS remained stable at 5.2 days during the study period. The number of discharges to a nursing facility increased from 113 (5.5%) in 2002 to 245 (13.6%) in 2014 (P =. 0002).ConclusionVS resection has evolved in the United States. While the incidence remained stable, surgical volume decreased by 36%, and hospital charges more than doubled. More cases are being performed at smaller hospitals. Although LOS did not vary significantly, there is an increase in nonroutine discharges. These data may guide future research in resource utilization in neurotology.
The Role of Age and Merkel Cell Polyomavirus in Oral Cavity Cancers
Authors: Windon Melina , Fakhry Carole , Rooper Lisa , Ha Patrick , Schoppy David , Miles Brett , Koch Wayne , Vosler Peter , Eisele David , D’Souza Gypsyamber 
Published: June 2020

The incidence of oral tongue cancer, the majority subsite of oral cavity cancer, is rising among young people with less exposure to tobacco and alcohol. Viral causes have been proposed, including Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). We evaluated patient and tumor characteristics among 126 incident oral cavity cancers (OCCs). Consistent with generational norms, younger patients had less exposure to tobacco and a greater number of oral sexual partners than older OCCs. In addition, younger patients were more likely to present at an earlier stage and with cancer arising from the oral tongue (each P <. 05). A subset of 44 cases was centrally tested for MCPyV large T antigen expression by immunohistochemistry. In the presence of controls, none of the tumors expressed MCPyV. These findings exclude consideration of MCPyV as an etiologic factor in OCC and may generate hypotheses for future examinations of the factors underlying the rise in oral tongue cancers.
Augmentation of Scarred Vocal Folds With Centrifuged and Emulsified Autologous Fat Grafts
Authors: Salmerón‐González Enrique , García‐Vilariño Elena , Llópez‐Carratalá Ignacio , Collado‐Martin Diego , María Perolada‐Valmaña José , Armengot‐Carceller Miguel 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo review the results of a series of patients with glottic insufficiency caused by scarred vocal folds who underwent injection laryngoplasty with centrifuged and emulsified autologous fat.Study DesignProspective cohort.SettingSingle center, tertiary institution.Subjects and MethodsExamination of the medical records of 21 patients operated on through injection laryngoplasty with fat grafts for the treatment of dysphonia was performed. All patients were operated on between January of 2015 and September of 2019. The voice variables measured were the GRABS (Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, Strain) scale, the Voice Handicap Index–10 (VHI‐10), maximum phonation time, jitter, shimmer, and harmonic/noise ratio before surgery and 8 months later.ResultsTwenty‐six injection laryngoplasties were performed in 21 patients during the reviewed period. Seventeen were men, and 4 were women. Mean age was 57.2 (range, 18‐80) years. Mean (SD) follow‐up time was 20.7 (9.3) months. Etiology of dysphonia was scarring after tumor resection in 17 patients and sulcus vocalis in 4. Five patients received an additional injection laryngoplasty. Statistically significant improvements were observed in all the parameters evaluated (P <. 05).ConclusionsInjection laryngoplasty with fat grafts processed through centrifugation and emulsification is an effective technique for the treatment of dysphonia caused by glottic insufficiency related to scarred vocal folds, with minimal complication rates.
Narrowband Imaging for p16+ Unknown Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma Prior to Transoral Robotic Surgery
Authors: Al‐Mulki Kareem , Hamilton James , Kaka Azeem S. , Boyce Brian J. , Baddour H. Michael , El‐Deiry Mark , Solares C. Arturo , Magliocca Kelly , Summers Kelly , Aiken Ashley , Saba Nabil F. , Beitler Jonathan J. , Patel Mihir R. 
Published: June 2020

Our purpose was to assess the potential utility of narrowband imaging (NBI) as a tool in diagnosing and treating unknown primary oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) in patients prior to diagnostic resection with transoral robotic surgery (TORS). Between 2016 and March 2019, 29 patients with carcinoma of unknown primary meeting inclusion criteria were identified and treated with TORS. NBI was used preoperatively in 9 of 29 patients. A suspected tumor site was delineated by NBI in 8 of 9 patients (89%). Of the patients imaged with NBI, 8 of 9 (89%) patients had a pathologically confirmed tumor following TORS, corresponding to the same 8 suspected tumor sites identified with NBI. In contrast, a primary tumor was localized following TORS in 15 of 20 (75%) patients not evaluated with NBI. Thus, we see NBI as a potentially useful tool for the diagnosis and management of p16+ carcinoma of unknown primary.Level of Evidence: IIb
The Difficult Airway and Aerosol‐Generating Procedures in COVID‐19: Timeless Principles for Uncertain Times
Authors: Smith Joshua D. , Chen Michelle M. , Balakrishnan Karthik , Sidell Douglas R. , di Stadio Arianna , Schechtman Samuel A. , Brody Robert M. , Kupfer Robbi A. , Rassekh Christopher H. , Brenner Michael J. 
Published: June 2020

The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on otolaryngology practice is nowhere more evident than in acute airway management. Considerations of preventing SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission, conserving personal protective equipment, and prioritizing care delivery based on acuity have dictated clinical decision making in the acute phase of the pandemic. With transition to a more chronic state of pandemic, heightened vigilance is necessary to recognize how deferral of care in patients with tenuous airways and COVID‐19 infection may lead to acute airway compromise. Furthermore, it is critical to respect the continuing importance of flexible laryngoscopy in diagnosis. Safely managing airways during the pandemic requires thoughtful multidisciplinary planning. Teams should consider trade‐offs among aerosol‐generating procedures involving direct laryngoscopy, supraglottic airway use, fiberoptic intubation, and tracheostomy. We share clinical cases that illustrate enduring principles of acute airway management. As algorithms evolve, time‐honored approaches for diagnosis and management of acute airway pathology remain essential in ensuring patient safety.
Effectiveness of progressive and resisted and non-progressive or non-resisted exercise in rotator cuff related shoulder pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Naunton Josh , Street Gabrielle , Littlewood Chris , Haines Terrence , Malliaras Peter 
Published: June 2020

Objective: Synthesize evidence regarding effectiveness of progressive and resisted or non-progressive and non-resisted exercise compared with placebo or no treatment, in rotator cuff related pain. Data sources: English articles, searched in Cochrane CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL databases up until May 19, 2020. Methods: Randomized controlled trials in people with rotator cuff related pain comparing either progressive and resisted exercise or non-progressive and non-resisted exercise, with placebo or no treatment were included. Data extracted independently by two authors. Risk of bias appraised with the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Results: Seven trials (468 participants) were included, four trials (271 participants) included progressive and resisted exercise and three trials (197 participants) included non-progressive or non-resisted exercise. There was uncertain clinical benefit for composite pain and function (15 point difference, 95% CI 9 to 21, 100-point scale) and pain outcomes at >6 weeks to 6 months with progressive and resisted exercise compared to placebo or no treatment (comparison 1). For non-progressive or non-resisted exercise there was no significant benefit for composite pain and function (4 point difference, 95% CI −2 to 9, 100-point scale) and pain outcomes at >6 weeks to 6 months compared to placebo or no treatment (comparison 2). Adverse events were seldom reported and mild. Conclusions: There is uncertain clinical benefit for all outcomes with progressive and resisted exercise and no significant benefit with non-progressive and non-resisted exercise, versus no treatment or placebo at >6 weeks to 6 months. Findings are low certainty and should be interpreted with caution.
TINA and alternative strategies for Polish economic transformation
Authors: Osiatyński Jerzy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe article examines the commonly shared belief that ‘there was no alternative’ (the TINA hypothesis) regarding the transformation strategy in Poland in 1989–1990. This belief is shown to be incorrect, with evidence that an alternative was contemplated. Following a visit in Stockholm in January 1989 of high-ranking experts of the Consultative Economic Council (a government think-tank established shortly after martial law was introduced on 13 December 1980), the Council produced a report on the Swedish Model. The report was hoped to provide foundations for shifting the still centrally planned Polish economy towards economic efficiency and the social welfare standards of the Nordic countries. After the 1989 parliamentary elections and the appointment of the non-communist government of Tadeusz Mazowiecki, the political environment changed radically and the priority of the new government was to swiftly establish a truly liberal market economy in Poland. The article shows, however, that notwithstanding those revolutionary changes, a high-level debate took place only a few weeks after the new government came to power to discuss an option of a more gradual strategy of Poland’s economic transformation that at the same time would be of a more social democratic nature. An insider account of that debate and of its external and internal constraints is given in the subsequent sections of the article.
World Cleft Coalition International Treatment Program Standards
Authors: Kassam Serena N. , Perry Jamie L. , Ayala Ruben , Stieber Erin , Davies Gareth , Hudson Nan , Hamdan Usama S. 
Published: June 2020

Objective: To present preliminary efforts to establish an internationally agreed set of minimum core practice and best practice guidelines, along with overarching principles to promote safe and comprehensive cleft care globally. Design: Representatives from 6 national and international organizations collaborated to form a World Cleft Coalition. Representatives met monthly/bimonthly to compile standards for safe, comprehensive, and sustainable cleft care. Outcomes were circulated within each organization and to a small subset of external constituents for feedback. Results: A series of overarching principles were established for those involved in International Cleft Treatment Programs, based on the experience of participating organizations. The overarching principles are followed by a structured and detailed Recommended Practice for Ensuring Safe, Comprehensive and Sustainable Cleft Care, which includes minimum core and best practice for the following areas: surgical safety, quality control, patient education, patient selection, patient follow-up, comprehensive care, partnership with the host nations and professionals, training and exchanges for sustainability, and local capacity building. Conclusions: Outcomes aimed to provide a working document to define core principles for safe comprehensive cleft care, while balancing various levels of resources, geographic locations, appropriately trained health care professional specialists, and training limitations. The study highlights the process and benefits to a collaborative international working group not only to establish best practice but also to solicit and engage others in discussion of their experiences with building and supporting safe, high-quality, comprehensive, sustainable, worldwide cleft care.
A Systematic Review of Newer Antidiabetic Agents in the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Dougherty John A. , Guirguis Erenie , Thornby Krisy-Ann 
Published: June 2020

Objective: To evaluate glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors, and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT) inhibitors to treat nondiabetic and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as it relates to improvement in hepatosteatosis (HS) or steatohepatitis (SH). Data Sources: MEDLINE and CINAHL were searched from inception through May 1, 2020. Search terms included nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, fatty liver, dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, and sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Full-text observational and randomized controlled studies in English were included. Patients diagnosed with NAFLD, treated with GLP-1 RAs, DPP-4 inhibitors, and SGLT2 inhibitors, with measures to evaluate HS or SH were evaluated. Data Synthesis: Eight GLP-1 RA trials were reviewed; 7 GLP-1 RA trials showed improvement in HS. Two studies demonstrated improvement in liver histology in patients with SH. Seven SGLT2 inhibitor studies were reviewed; 6 studies demonstrated improvements in NAFLD. Five studies showed improvements in HS, whereas 1 displayed improvement in liver histology in NASH. Six studies that included DPP-4 inhibitors were evaluated, and only 2 demonstrated improvement in NASH. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: Based on evidence reviewed, GLP-1 RAs and SGLT2 inhibitors decreased HS and SH in NAFLD patients, whereas DPP-4 inhibitor therapy was not effective for patients with HS. Conclusions: Based on study data utilizing imaging studies and biopsy results, GLP-1 RAs or SGLT2 inhibitors can benefit NAFLD T2DM patients. Clinical trials with larger patient populations may augment these results.
Effect of total hip arthroplasty on brake reaction time and braking force
Authors: Bäcker Henrik C , Krüger David , Spies Sophie , Perka Carsten , Kirschbaum Stephanie M , Hardt Sebastian 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: The correct moment for return to driving after total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains unclear. Until today no uniform recommendation exists on the ability to perform an emergency brake. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the braking ability of patients before and after THA implantation based on brake reaction time in milliseconds (BRT) and braking force in N (BF). Methods: In total, 25 patients (15 men, 10 women, mean age 51.3 ± 10.1 years) were treated with THA on the right side. Inclusion criteria consisted of a valid driving licence, frequent road participation and at least 2 years of driving experience. Exclusion criteria were underlying neurological disorders as well as severe complaints in the lumbar spine and the right knee joint. The brake ability was evaluated for emergency braking with a car simulator and a measuring sole. Measurements were performed preoperatively, 6 days, 2, 4 and 6 weeks after surgery. Results: Preoperatively, the mean BRT was 671.3 ± 123.5 ms and the BF 455.4 ± 185.0 N. Significant differences were observed at 6 days and 2 weeks after surgery, (BRT 836.4 ± 219.7 ms, respectively, BRT 735.0 ± 186.7 ms, and BF 302.6 ± 154.9 N, respectively, BF 375.5 ± 149.3 N, p < 0.05). Only 4 weeks after, no significant differences were seen compared to pre-operative with a BRT of 647.0 ± 91.9ms ( p = 0.354) and BF of 435.9 ± 177.4 ( p = 0.843). Furthermore, the BRT improved significantly after 6 weeks (607.4 ± 87.6; p = 0.005). Conclusions: The braking force is significantly reduced, and the brake reaction time is prolonged directly after surgery for at least 2 weeks. After 4 weeks, no statistically significant differences were measured, although special care should still be taken during return to activity.