bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate in School Going Children
Authors: Surinder Pal Singh  , Harjinder Singh  , Leena Chopra  
Published: September 2020

Background: Pulmonary function tests (PFT’s) using complete spirometry help us quantify the state of the respiratory system and aid in the management of respiratory tract illnesses in pediatric practice. However, instrumentation is relatively expensive and only available in hospitals. In contrast, peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) can be measured using relatively inexpensive peak flow meters and are of value in identifying and assessing the degree of airflow limitation of individuals. To detect any abnormality it is necessary to know the normal values of PEFR in particular region as PEFR depends on geographical, climatic, anthropometric, nutritional, and socioeconomic conditions. The purpose of this study is to get values of PEFR in school going children in Patiala region and its correlation if any with anthropometric parameter such as height.Subjects and Methods:A total 600 children of age group 10- 14 years from schools of Patiala district were taken and age, height,weight of children were noted and PEFR was measured.Results:The correlation of height and weight with PEFR value among rural and urban children was found to be highly significant (p value<0.001). However there was no correlation found between the PEFR values and the age.Conclusion: The correlation of height and weight with PEFR values among urban and rural children was found to be highly significant.
Análisis del comportamiento informacional de los estudiantes posgraduados de la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad de Barcelona
Authors: Zaborras Rosa , Rey Martín Carina , Ollé Castellà Candela 
Published: September 2020

Las competencias informacionales engloban las habilidades en la búsqueda, selección, análisis, utilización y comunicación de la información. El análisis del comportamiento informacional en bibliotecas se aplica a grupos de usuarios concretos con el objetivo de conocer sus necesidades, percepciones y experiencias. De este modo es posible disponer de datos fiables para la toma de decisiones a la hora de contratar recursos y servicios, así como elaborar propuestas de mejora para aumentar la satisfacción de la comunidad. Este estudio se centra en el ámbito académico, en los estudiantes posgraduados de la Facultad de Educación de la UB. Para ello se han utilizado dos metodologías: por un lado el análisis de los datos de conexión COUNTER a los recursos digitales de la Universidad de Barcelona (UB) y por otro a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas a los estudiantes. En los resultados se exponen los patrones de conducta globales y propios, así como las experiencias y percepciones de los usuarios respecto a los recursos electrónicos y la formación de usuarios. Entre las conclusiones destaca la importancia de la colaboración entre docentes y bibliotecarios para el desarrollo de las competencias informacionales. Éstas permiten el conocimiento y explotación eficiente de las herramientas y de los recursos que ofrece la Universidad, a la vez que evidencian el rol del profesional bibliotecario como experto informacional.
Palabras clave: Comportamiento informacional; estudiantes postgraduados; alfabetización informacional; educación superior; rol del bibliotecario
Situación actual del sustrato náhuatl en el español de Nicaragua
Authors: Zamora Zobeyda Catalina 
Published: September 2020

En el español de Nicaragua el sustrato náhuatl se presenta como la característica lingüística, en el nivel léxico, más identitaria. La herencia lingüística que dejaron los grupos nahuas en la cultura, específicamente, en la gastronomía, en nombres de plantas, animales y topónimos como nombres de ríos, lagos, montañas y los nombres de ciudades y pueblos es una herencia que, en la actualidad continua vigente, pero que en la medida que pasa el tiempo está siendo absorbida por la variante dominante, esto es, el español estándar. Los cambios culturales y tecnológicos han provocado un desplazamiento de las palabras procedentes o de origen náhuatl, así palabras como: chicle (goma de mascar), chibola (canica), chapa (arete), zacate (hierba), entre otros, son términos de uso común en el español nicaragüense, sin embargo, estos cada vez más están siendo desplazados por los equivalentes en el español estándar.
En la presente ponencia presentaré datos que están relacionados con 6 investigaciones que evalúan la vitalidad léxica de las palabras procedentes de la lengua náhuatl frente a los vocablos del español general o estándar en la variante nicaragüense. El objetivo de esos estudios consistió en identificar la preferencia de uso de la herencia lingüística que dejaron los nahuas, por medio de sustrato, frente a términos del español general o estándar. Por tanto, expondré las consideraciones o preferencias que presentaron los hablantes que participaron en los distintos estudios.
Boulevard Zuid in Rotterdam: een onderzoek naar het vertrouwen van winkeliers in politie en gemeente
Authors: Schuilenburg Marc , Messie Laura , de Vries Darnell 
Published: September 2020

South Boulevard in Rotterdam: a study of trust of shopkeepers in police and local government
In this article, we analyze which aspects of performance theory and the procedural justice-based model are explaining the trust of shopkeepers in the police and local government. Utilizing a survey of 156 shopkeepers and 94 semi-constructed interviews with shopkeepers, which are located at the South Shopping Boulevard in Rotterdam (The Netherlands), the study finds that shopkeepers have a relatively high trust in the police and local government. This is surprising because various attempts in the past 30 years to revive the high street by the government have failed to improve its bad image, as dwindling visitor numbers, poor turnover, limited range of retailers, empty shops and high crime and offence levels show only too plainly. The findings also highlight that ethnic minority respondents have more trust in local government than Dutch shopkeepers. The explanation therefor is sought in the dual frame of reference theory.
A Formal Analysis of the French Temporal Connective <i>alors</i>
Authors: Bras Myriam , Le Draoulec Anne , Asher Nicolas 
Published: September 2020

This paper presents an analysis of the French
adverbial alors (then, at that time, so). Among the
linguistic markers that establish a temporal relation between the
eventualities introduced by two clauses, we define as \textit{temporal
connectives} those that introduce at the same time some sort of
discourse relation. We argue that alors can be such a
connective. Within the framework of Segmented Discourse
Representation Theory, our investigation concerning the discourse
information conveyed by sentence initial alors reveals at
least three sorts of relations close to the Result relation of SDRT.
Alors alone conveys a weak causal relation, which we formalize
using Lewis’ counterfactual, and encode in the discourse relation
Weak-Result. We distinguish it from Strong-Result, which is inferred
when lexical or other contextual information suggests a causal,
discursive link. We also show that alors can, when Weak-Result
is blocked, suggest an inferential relation, which we express using the
weak conditional already present in SDRT.
Complement Tense in Contrast: The <tt>SOT</tt> parameter in Russian and English
Authors: Grønn Atle , Von Stechow Arnim 
Published: September 2020

In an SOT-language like English, ‘past under past’ may have a simultaneous interpretation, i.e., we have temporal agreement. In a non-SOT language like Russian, we only have the shifted interpretation. In English, the temporal morphology of the embedded verb is determined by the matrix tense via a binding chain through verbal quantifiers such as ‘say’ or ‘think’. In Russian, these attitude verbs break the binding chain. The morphology of the embedded verb is determined locally by an embedded relative PRESENT, FUTURE or PAST. We propose that the difference between English and Russian is derived from:

The SOT-parameter:
A language L is an SOT-language if and only if the verbal quantifiers of L transmit temporal features.

Verbal quantifiers quantify over times (e.g. fut. will) or world-times (e.g. verba dicendi).

The paper will take up a recent challenge by Daniel Altschuler and Olga Khomitsevich against existing accounts: verbs of perception and, occasionally, factive verbs in Russian may express simultaneity by ‘past under past’. We will show that the problem is in fact non-existent when the complement is imperfective. Concerning factives, however, we argue that the complement tense is an independent de re past. Finally, perception verbs are normally not verbal quantifiers and hence not subject to the SOT-parameter.
The Post-Colonial Identity of Durban
Authors: Koopman Adrian 
Published: September 2020

Many scholars have pointed out that when changes in political regimes take place, these are frequently accompanied by politically-inspired changes of place names. In this article, I look at the naming of the South African east coast city Durban, starting with the name Durban itself, and the various suggestions that have been mooted for its replacement. In particular, I look at the Zulu name for Durban (eThekwini — 'the place of the bay') and its suitability as a new name for the city.
The article then goes 'inside' the city and looks at the recent re- naming of a considerable number of Durban's streets, and the public reaction to this. Both the re-naming and the public reaction are placed within the context of re-naming globally.
The Real, the Apparent, and What is <i>eigentlich</i>
Authors: Eckardt Regine 
Published: September 2020

In this paper, I will propose a uniform analysis for adjectival and
certain instances of adverbial eigentlich. The analysis rests
on the assumption that eigentlich contrasts the nominal
content of a concept C with a contextually given notion of
phenomenological evidence for C-hood. eigentlich
offers the semantic frame to refer to two ways of C-hood which
are usually supplied by context. In the adjectival use, the discourse
content should provide an N exemplar in the true sense (an
eigentliches N) along with an apparent N, thereby
proving the two notions to be different. In the adverbial use, the
message conveyed is usually that the actual world nominally
satisfies some proposition p (eigentlich, p) while
the actual world looks as if a contrasting proposition
q were the case. The analysis improves on earlier accounts in
German descriptive linguistics in that it offers a fully compositional
account of the semantic and pragmatic contribution of
eigentlich in a wide variety of constructions, including
focus, contrastive topic and questions. The analysis proposes a
delineation of eigentlich as an emotive marker which differs
from the content use in prosody, syntax, focus sensitivity and meaning.
A pilot feasibility randomized controlled trial on combining mind-body physical exercise, cognitive training, and nurse-led risk factor modification to reduce cognitive decline among older adults with mild cognitive impairment in primary care
Authors: Xu Zijun , Zhang Dexing , Lee Allen T.C. , Sit Regina W.S. , Wong Carmen , Lee Eric K.P. , Yip Benjamin H.K. , Tiu Jennifer Y.S. , Lam Linda C.W. , Wong Samuel Y.S. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesTo examine the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of (1) combining cognitive training, mind-body physical exercise, and nurse-led risk factor modification (CPR), (2) nurse-led risk factor modification (RFM), and (3) health advice (HA) on reducing cognitive decline among older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).MethodsIt was a 3-arm open-labeled pilot randomized controlled trial in the primary care setting in Hong Kong. Nineteen older adults with MCI were randomized to either CPR (n = 6), RFM (n = 7), or HA (n = 6) for 6 months. The primary outcome was the feasibility of the study. Secondary outcomes included the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Hong Kong version (HK-MoCA), the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), the Disability Assessment for Dementia (DAD), quality of life, depression, anxiety, physical activity, health service utilization, and diet.ResultsNineteen out the 98 potential patients were recruited, with a recruitment rate of 19% (95% CI [12–29]%,P = 0.243). The adherence rate of risk factor modification was 89% (95% CI [65–98]%,P = 0.139) for CPR group and 86% (95% CI [63–96]%,P = 0.182) for RFM group. In the CPR group, 53% (95% CI [36–70]%,P = 0.038) of the Tai Chi exercise sessions and 54% (95% CI [37–71]%,P = 0.051) of cognitive sessions were completed. The overall dropout rate was 11% (95% CI [2–34]%,P = 0.456). Significant within group changes were observed in HK-MoCA in RFM (4.50 ± 2.59,P = 0.008), cost of health service utilization in CPR (−4000, quartiles: −6800 to −200,P = 0.043), fish and seafood in HA (−1.10 ± 1.02,P = 0.047), and sugar in HA (2.69 ± 1.80,P = 0.015). Group × time interactions were noted on HK-MoCA favoring the RFM group (P = 0.000), DAD score favoring CPR group (P = 0.027), GAS-20 favoring CPR group (P = 0.026), number of servings of fish and seafood (P = 0.004), and sugar (P < 0.001) ate per day.ConclusionsIn this pilot study, RFM and the multi-domain approach CPR were feasible and had preliminary beneficial effects in older adults with MCI in primary care setting in Hong Kong.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1800015324).
Heterosis in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) for Yield and Yield Component Traits
Authors: Soresa Desalegn Negasa , Nayagam Gomathi , Bacha Netsanet , Jaleta Zerihun 
Published: September 2020

Estimates of heterosis for F1 hybrids over mid and better parent were computed for traits that showed significant differences between genotypes on analysis of variance. Heterosis for yield components and yield was studied using 8x8 half diallel cross in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The heterosis for yield was generally accompanied by heterosis for yield components. Heterosis for marketable fruit yield per plant ranged from (-63.4%) (P3xP8) to (33.8%) (P6xP8) and (-62.5%) (P3xP8) to (52.6%) (P5xP7), for mid parent and better parent respectively. Significant heterosis over better and mid-parent was observed for all the traits. Best parent and Mid-parent heterosis (MPH) was highest and in desirable direction for number of marketable fruit per plant (29.3%; 29.2%) in crosses ( P3xP6 for both ) and pericarp thickness (46.3%; 57.6%) in crosses (P2xP6 and P4xP8), number of fruit cluster per plant (32.8%; 35.9%) in cross (P3xP6 for both), individual fruit weight (36.1%; 41.2%) in cross (P2xP8, P3xP5) and fruit diameter (28.4%; 28.3%) in cross (P3xP5; P2xP6), fruit length (23.07%; 20.4%) in cross (P2xP6 for both). Out of 28 F1 crosses, positive and desirable heterosis by 10 crosses over better parent and 17 crosses over mid-parent were observed for total fruit density in tomato. An important heterosis both in heterobeltiosis and mid-parent was recorded in marketable fruit yield in ton per hectare. From all the crosses, seven crosses revealed positive from which three crosses are the most important P2xP7 (31%), P3xP5 (20%) and P3xP6 (54%) in better parent heterosis. Similarly for mid-parent heterosis, only ten crosses out of 28 reveled positive while the rest 18 crosses showed the undesirable direction for marketable fruit yield indicating majority of the hybrids exhibited unfavorable heterotic response and only a few hybrids could be considered for selection.
Effect of Tiger Nut Meal on Some Sex Hormones and Sperm Cells in Androgen-induced Benign Prostate Hyperplasia in Adult Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Izunwanne D. I. , Egwurugwu J. N. , Emegano C. L. 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: It is generally believed that Cyperus esculentus (tiger nut) has some fertility boosting effects. However, scientific validation of some of the fertility boosting potentials as well as the ameliorative effect of tiger nut on Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH) is lacking.
Objective: The aim of the project is to determine the effect of tiger nuts in reproductive function in rats induced with Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH).
Methods: A total of sixty (60) male rats weighing between 160 – 200 g were used in this study. They were divided into six groups of ten rats per group. Benign prostate hyperplasia was induced in three groups of the rats (as stated in methodology) with 30 mg/kg sub-cutaneous injections of hormones containing dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and estradiol valerate dissolved in olive oil in the ratio of 10:1 (three times in a week, one day interval). Administration of tiger nut meal commenced immediately and lasted for two months. At the end of administration, assay of reproductive hormones (FSH, LH and Testosterone) was done. Comprehensive semen analysis was also done including (count, motility & morphology).
Results: The study showed that the induction of BPH resulted in a very significant reduction of FSH while the administration of the tiger nut meal did not show any significant effect on FSH (P 0.05). The same trend was also observed on the effect of the tiger nut meal on LH level. For testosterone, it was observed that after the initial decrease as a result of the induction of infertility, 20% tiger nut meal administration significantly increased the testosterone level to 2.10±0.06 ng/ml from 0.30±0.01 ng/ml in the infertility-induced group. The effect of tiger nut meal on semen analyses namely, normal sperm cells and sperm motility showed a significant increase (P<0.05) following the induction of infertility. The effect of the tiger nut meal on sperm morphological toxicities were also examined. Sperm abnormalities like sperm cells with twisted tails were examined.
Conclusion: The administration of tiger nut significantly ameliorated the abnormalities and thus, restored the morphology of the sperm cells such that it can enhance fertility.
Atypical Presentation of Medullary Syndrome in a Young Woman
Authors: Sharma Geetanjali 
Published: September 2020

Wallenburg syndrome occurs due to damage to lateral segment of the medulla. Medial medullary syndrome occurs due to damage to upper portion of the medulla. I report a case of a 30 years old woman diagnosed with medullary syndrome [both medial & lateral features] in absence of CT scan findings sent to the department of Physiology for electrophysiological tests like nerve conduction studies, blink reflex, brainstem auditory evoked potential (BERA) & visual evoked potential (VEP). She had loss of sensations on the ipsilateral half of face (right), hemisensory loss on contralateral trunk & extremities, headache, contralateral hemiparesis (left), ipsilateral lingual paresis with atrophy, fibrillations with contralateral positive Babinski’s sign. The electrophysiological tests showed decrease in conduction velocity of right facial nerve, left tibial & peroneal nerves with decreased amplitude. The nerve conduction studies of median nerve (both motor & sensory) were normal. In blink reflex, latency of R2 ipsilateral & R2 contralateral of supraorbital nerves were increased on right side. There were increased latencies of waves II, III, IV & V of BERA & increased P100 latencies in VEP.
The results of the electrophysiological tests of the patient showed that she had features of both medial & lateral medullary syndrome suggesting a lesion of both upper & middle medulla. The CT scan in this case was normal but conduction of MRI & CT guided angiography of posterior cerebral & vertebral arteries could have further localized the lesion causing this mixed symptomology.
Evaluation of Hydro-alcoholic Extract of Clerodendrum myricoides (Hochst. Vatke) Leaves and Its Solvent Fractionsin Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Convulsion in Mice
Authors: Kediso Teketel Eristu , Tolessa Tesfaye , Getachew Fikirte , Makonnen Eyasu , Seifu Daniel 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that affects people of all ages. Herbal medicines are widely used across the globe due to their wide applicability and therapeutic efficacy. The low side effects of traditional herbal medicines have encouraged many types of research into antiepileptic activity. Clerodendrum myricoides is a plant whose leaves extract is traditionally used as an anticonvulsant in Ethiopia.
Objective: The point of this investigation was to assess the anticonvulsant effect of the hydro-alcoholic extract and solvent fractions of C. myricoides leaves against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in mice.
Methods: Comparison of mean latency to onset of convulsion, mean duration of convulsions, and the proportion of percentage protection against seizure of the plant extract was tested against PTZ-induced seizures. Three different doses were used by giving them orally 30 minutes before subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (80 mg/kg) administration with the positive (diazepam 2 mg/kg) and negative (physiological saline 10 mg/kg) control groups. Data were presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean and analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed by post-hoc Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. Fisher’s exact test was used for the percentage protection. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The crude extract of C. myricoides, with the doses of 300, 600, 1,200 mg/kgshowed a significant delay in mean latency to onset of seizures [299.33±30.129 sec (p< 0.05); 387.167± 27.6 sec (p<0.01); 417.833±31.9 sec (p<0.001); respectively)]; decrease in the duration of convulsion [27.333±1.585 sec (p<0.05); 16.833±1.537 sec (p<0.01); 10.50±0.671 sec (p<0.001) respectively]; and a proportion of percentage protection of mice against seizure [16.33% (1/6) (p< 0.05); 33.33% (2/6) (p<0.01); 50% (3/6) (p<0.001) respectively] in a dose-dependent manner compared to the control group [92.833±13.006 sec; 34.167±3.683 sec, 0% respectively]. C. myricoides anticonvulsant activity was less than that of diazepam [1001.16± 68.430 sec, 4.500±0.619, 83.33 sec, 83.33% respectively for the doses]. Its solvent fractions, however, didn’tshow a significant anticonvulsant effect.
Conclusion: The hydroalcoholic leaves crude extract of C. myricoides has anticonvulsant activity but its solvent fractions do not have comparable significant effects.
Impact of Climate Change on Animal Health, Emerging and Re-emerging Diseases in Africa
Authors: Magiri Royford , Muzandu Kaampwe , Gitau George , Choongo Kennedy , Iji Paul 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe threat of climate change and global warming is gaining worldwide recognition. The African continent, because of its size, diversity, and its new status as a “hub” of livestock production, need to gear up to mitigate the possible impacts of climate change on animal health. The aim of this review article is to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the influence of climate and climate change on the health of food-producing animals. Depending on its intensity and duration, heat stress may directly affect livestock health by causing metabolic disruptions, oxidative stress, and immune suppression, causing increased disease susceptibility, and death. Animal health could also be affected by emergence and re-emergence of vector- and non-vector-borne pathogens that are highly dependent on climatic conditions. The response to these challenges requires community participation in the adaptation of animal production systems to new environments and strengthening the efficiency of veterinary services delivery combined with well-coordinated public health services, since many emerging human diseases are zoonotic.