bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological Characteristic of Malaria Coinfected with Dengue Fever in Hodeidah, Yemen
Authors: Al-Areeqi Asma’a , Alghalibi Saeed , Yusuf Qais , Al-Masrafi Isra'a , Al-Kamarany Mohammed Amood 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Malaria and dengue fever are the most prevalent vector-borne diseases in tropical areas and represent major public health problems. They are transmitted by mosquito namely Anopheles and Aedes aegypti, respectively. Hodeidah is a high density with these vectors. Also, co-infection of these diseases has (malaria and dengue) become undetected due to lack of suspicious clinical suspicion and overlapping symptoms.
Aim of the Study: The study aimed to detect the prevalence of co-infection with malaria and dengue fever, determine the clinical presentation within febrile patients in Hodeidah city and determine some potential risk factors associated with co-infection.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted (from January to December 2017) in febrile patients. All patients were designed into three groups: Group A (co-infected with malaria and dengue); Group B (malaria as mono-infection) and Group C (dengue as mono-infection). The diagnosis of malaria was by microscopic and rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and the dengue virus was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The diagnosis was performed in Center of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases (CTMID), Authority of AL-Thawra Public Hospital-Hodeidah, in collaboration with the Tihama Foundation for Medical-Pharmaceutical Studies and Research (TFMPSR), Hodeidah, Yemen.
Results: Out of 270 febrile patients, 82 cases (30.4%) patients were malaria – dengue coinfection, 100 cases (37.0%) of malaria, 21 cases (7.7%) of dengue and 67 cases (24.8%) were non-malaria and non-dengue. The most common symptoms were fever, headache, arthralgia, myalgia and retro-orbital pain, where the clinical symptoms of co-infected patients were more like dengue than malaria. One death was reported in malaria – dengue coinfection, with a case fatality rate (CFR%) of 1.2% (1/82).
Conclusion: Our results show a high prevalence of malaria – dengue coinfecion in Hodeidah, Yemen as the first time. These due to a high density of vectors in this region and endemic areas for malaria and dengue. Furthermore, surveillance strategies, preventive measures and healthcare worker's education are critical for curtailing this problem and lifesaving.
Development of High Oxygen Barrier Multi-layered Packaging Film for Shelf Life Extension of Ready-to-Cook (RTC) Idli Batter
Authors: Gaikwad P. S. , Yadav B. K. , Anandakumar S. , Loganathan M. , Shanmugasundaram S. 
Published: February 2020

Aim: The current study focuses on development of high oxygen barrier multi-layered packaging film for shelf life extension of Ready-to-Cook (RTC) idli batter.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Food Packaging and System Development at Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India, between Aug 2018 and Dec 2019.
Methodology: The developed multi-layered film composed with polypropylene (PP) nanocomposite by depositing silicon dioxide (SiO2) on PP (0.010 mm) film and attached with different thickness of barrier layers were PP (0.010–0.053 mm) and ethylene-vinyl alcohol (EVOH 32%) film (0.066 mm) using layer-by-layer (LbL) process. The physical and chemical characteristics of commercial (A) and all developed multi-layered (B, C, D, E and F) films were tested for barrier and mechanical properties.
Results and Discussion: The SEM analysis confirmed that the developed PP nanocomposite multi-layered films have a presence of SiO2 with quasi-spherical structure with diameter ranging from 200 to 500 nm. FTIR analysis also identified the presence of Si-O-Si group on all the developed PP nanocomposite films at wavenumber ranges from 1100-900 cm-1 and 467 cm-1. The film composed with PP++SiO2+EVOH (sample F) showed lower in oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of 452.46±33.94 cc/m2/24h and water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) of 1.07±0.16 g/m2 day. The batter stored in sample F film help to extend the shelf life upto 33 h at ambient temperature and commercially stored batter spoiled quickly (24 h) at ambient temperature.
EFVb-HAART Increases Mortality, Locomotor Deficits and Reduces Reproductive Capacity in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Iorjiim Walter Mdekera , Omale Simeon , Etuh Monday Alexander , Bagu Great David , Ogwu Sunshine Ochala , Gyang Steven Samuel 
Published: February 2020

Aims: This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Efavirenz-based highly active antiretroviral therapy (EFVb-HAART, Efavirenz/Lamivudine/Tenofovir) with emphasis on survival, longevity, climbing ability, and reproductive capacity in D. melanogaster.
Methods: The experiments were carried out at the Africa Center of Excellence in Phytomedicine Research and Development (ACEPRD), University of Jos, Nigeria between January 2017 and August 2018. D. melanogaster (both sexes) 1-4 days old were exposed to different concentrations of EFVb-HAART (range 10-1200 mg) in the fly food for initial 7 days to determine the LD50, then 5 day fly exposure to 93.11 mg, 46.56 mg, 23.28 mg or 11.64 mg for negative geotaxis assay, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Furthermore, 28-day fly survival and longevity were determined. Statistical significance was presumed at P< 0.05.
Results: The LD50 of EFVb-HAART in D. melanogaster was 93.11 mg. The HAART exposed flies showed significantly (P<0.001) increased mortality, significant (P<0.001) decreased fly eclosion, acetylcholinesterse (AChE) activity and climbing ability compared to unexposed group at all experimental concentrations.
Conclusion: The decreased 28-day survival, longevity, climbing ability and reproductive capacity at all experimental concentrations may be attributable to the deleterious effects of EFVb-HAART in D. melanogaster. Our findings suggest that long term use of EFVb-HAART by HIV patients may be associated with accelerated aging, decreased life expectancy, quality of life (due to possible neurotoxicity) and reproductive competence, as evidenced by increased mortality, reduced longevity, AChE activity, and 100% emergence failure respectively in D. melanogaster, and may require further study in humans. We recommend further research to expound the biochemical and molecular toxicodynamics of EFVb- HAART in D. melanogaster with the view of ameliorating same.
Socio-Demographic and Clinical Profiles of Cannabis Abusers Admitted for Treatment in a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Uyo, South-South Nigeria
Authors: Effiong Jombo, Henry , Idung Alphonsus Udo , Iyanam Victory Edet 
Published: February 2020

Background: Cannabis is one of the commonly abused psychoactive substances worldwide. The increasing abuse of this psychoactive substance is recognized as a significant public health problem in many developing countries. A proper assessment of the patterns and trends of cannabis use disorders will be useful because of the increasing number of cannabis abusers worldwide and demand for appropriate treatment.
Aims: This study examined the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of cannabis abusers admitted for treatment in a tertiary healthcare institution in the South-South region of Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study involving 105 subjects of cannabis abusers admitted for treatment over a one year period from August 2017 to July 2018. Socio-demographic and clinical variables were obtained from a careful chart review using a 35 item questionnaire. Diagnoses were made according to the International Classification of Disease Criteria (ICD-10).
Results: 105 subjects were included in this study. The mean age of patients was 29.71±8.2. The mean age of initiation of substance use was 19.05±3.0 years. Males were predominantly involved in cannabis abuse practices. The age of initiation of substance use was significantly different between the male and female subjects (t=-2.86, P=.009). The age of initiation and duration of substance use was significantly related to the risk of developing substance dependence and psychotic symptoms.
Conclusion: Cannabis was commonly abused by people who were often unemployed, single, young males involved in multiple drug abuse. The low mean duration of use, multiple substance abuses together with increasing frequency of psychiatric morbidity forms a major challenge for our mental health care services. There is the need for preventive, curative, and rehabilitative strategies to reduce the public health impact of this scourge.
Nonlinear observer design for two‐time‐scale systems
Authors: Duan Zhaoyang , Kravaris Costas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA two‐time‐scale system involves both fast and slow dynamics. This article studies observer design for general nonlinear two‐time‐scale systems and presents two alternative nonlinear observer design approaches, one full‐order and one reduced‐order. The full‐order observer is designed by following a scheme to systematically select design parameters, so that the fast and slow observer dynamics are assigned to estimate the corresponding system modes. The reduced‐order observer is derived based on a lower dimensional model to reconstruct the slow states, along with the algebraic slow‐motion invariant manifold function to reconstruct the fast states. Through an error analysis, it is shown that the reduced‐order observer is capable of providing accurate estimation of the states for the detailed system with an exponentially decaying estimation error. In the last part of the article, the two proposed observers are designed for an anaerobic digestion process, as an illustrative example to evaluate their performance and convergence properties.
Synthesis of magnetic nanocomposite microparticles for binding of chlorinated organics in contaminated water sources
Authors: Gutierrez Angela M. , Bhandari Rohit , Weng Jiaying , Stromberg Arnold , Dziubla Thomas D. , Hilt J. Zach 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this work, the development of novel magnetic nanocomposite microparticles (MNMs) via free radical polymerization for their application in the remediation of contaminated water is presented. Acrylated plant‐based polyphenols, curcumin multiacrylate (CMA) and quercetin multiacrylate (QMA), were incorporated as functional monomers to create high affinity binding sites for the capture of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), as a model pollutant. The MNMs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and UV–visible spectroscopy. The affinity of these novel materials for PCB 126 was evaluated and fitted to the nonlinear Langmuir model to determine binding affinities (KD). The results suggest the presence of the polyphenolic moieties enhances the binding affinity for PCB 126, with KD values comparable to that of antibodies. This demonstrates that these nanocomposite materials have promising potential as environmental remediation adsorbents for harmful contaminants.
Toward community‐inclusive data ecosystems: Challenges and opportunities of open data for community‐based organizations
Authors: Yoon Ayoung , Copeland Andrea 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe benefits of open data for helping to address societal problems and strengthen communities are well recognized, and unfortunately previous studies found that smaller communities are often excluded from the current data ecosystem because of existing technological, technical, cognitive, and practical barriers. This study aims to investigate the process of communitiesʼ data use for community development and decision‐making—focusing on the opportunities and challenges of data for communities. From the interviews with 25 staff from community‐based organizations (CBOs) in nine small, medium, and large cities in the United States, the findings of this study describe dataʼs role in supporting communitiesʼ development while reporting several major challenges that hinder CBOs data use: difficulty accessing data, limitations of open data (un‐local nature, excluding essential data from being open), limited data capacity (especially in data literacy skills), and difficulties using and accessing existing data infrastructures. Our findings suggest opportunities for addressing these challenges, particularly by creating educational programming, building partnerships within data ecosystems, and bringing community voices forward in current data ecosystems, which are critical to realizing dataʼs potential for all citizens.
Modulation of the Purine Pathway for Riboflavin Production in Flavinogenic Recombinant Strain of the Yeast Candida famata
Authors: Dmytruk Kostyantyn V. , Ruchala Justyna , Fedorovych Daria V. , Ostapiv Roman D. , Sibirny Andriy A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRiboflavin (vitamin B2) is an indispensable nutrient for humans and animals, since it is the precursor of the essential coenzymes flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), involved in variety of metabolic reactions. Riboflavin is produced on commercial scale and is used for feed and food fortification purposes, and in medicine. Until recently, the mutant strains of the flavinogenic yeast Candida famata were used in industry for riboflavin production. Guanosine triphosphate is the immediate precursor of riboflavin synthesis. Therefore, the activation of metabolic flux toward purine nucleotide biosynthesis is a promising approach to improve riboflavin production. The phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase are the rate limiting enzymes in purine biosynthesis. Corresponding genes PRS3 and ADE4 from yeast Debaryomyces hansenii are modified to avoid feedback inhibition and cooverexpressed on the background of a previously constructed riboflavin overproducing strain of C. famata. Constructed strain accumulates twofold more riboflavin when compared to the parental strain.
Understanding the effect of high gas entrance velocity on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell culture performance and its implications on bioreactor scale‐up and sparger design
Authors: Chaudhary Garima , Luo Robin , George Meena , Tescione Lia , Khetan Anurag , Lin Henry 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThere are three main potential sources for cell shear damage existing in stirred tank bioreactors. One is the potential high energy dissipation in the immediate impeller zones; another from small gas bubble burst; and third is from high gas entrance velocity (GEV) emitting from the sparger. While the first two have been thoroughly addressed for the scale‐up of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell culture knowing that a wide tolerable agitation range with non‐damaging energy dissipation exists and the use of shear protectants like Pluronic F68 guard against cell damage caused by bubble burst, GEV remains a potential scale‐up problem across scales for the drilled hole or open pipe sparger designs. GEV as high as 170 m/s due to high gas flow rates and relatively small sparger hole diameters was observed to be significantly detrimental to cell culture performance in a 12,000 L bioreactor when compared to a satellite 2 L bioreactor run with GEV of <1 m/s. Small scale study of GEV as high as 265 m/s confirmed this. Based on the results of this study, a critical GEV of >60 m/s for CHO cells is proposed, whereas previously 30 m/s has been reported for NS0 cells by Zhu, Cuenca, Zhou, and Varma (2008. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 101, 751–760). Implementation of new large scale spargers with larger diameter and more holes lowered GEV and helped improve the cell culture performance, closing the scale‐up gap. Design of such new spargers was even more critical when hole plugging was discovered during large scale cultivation hence exacerbating the GEV impact. Furthermore, development of a scale down model based on mimicry of the large scale GEV profile as a function of time was proven to be beneficial for reproducing large scale results.
Optimized CRISPR/Cas9 strategy for homology‐directed multiple targeted integration of transgenes in CHO cells
Authors: Shin Sung Wook , Lee Jae Seong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSite‐specific integration has emerged as a promising strategy for precise Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line engineering and predictable cell line development (CLD). CRISPR/Cas9 with the homology‐directed repair (HDR) pathway enables precise integration of transgenes into target genomic sites. However, inherent recalcitrance to HDR‐mediated targeted integration (TI) of transgenes results in low targeting efficiency, thus requiring a selection process to find a targeted integrant in CHO cells. Here, we explored several parameters that influence the targeting efficiency using a promoter‐trap‐based single‐ or double‐knock‐in (KI) monitoring system. A simple change in the donor template design by the addition of single‐guide RNA recognition sequences strongly increased KI efficiency (2.9–36.0 fold), depending on integration sites and cell culture mode, compared to conventional circular donor plasmids. Furthermore, sequential and simultaneous KI strategies enabled us to obtain populations with ~1–4% of double‐KI cells without additional enrichment procedures. Thus, this simple optimized strategy not only allows efficient CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated TI in CHO cells but also paves the way for the applicability of multiplexed KIs in one experimental step without the need for sequential and independent CHO–CLD procedures.
A self‐adhesive microneedle patch with drug loading capability through swelling effect
Authors: Chew Sharon W. T. , Shah Ankur H. , Zheng Mengjia , Chang Hao , Wiraja Christian , Steele Terry W. J. , Xu Chenjie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMicroneedles (MNs) offer a rapid method of transdermal drug delivery through penetration of the stratum corneum. However, commercial translation has been limited by fabrication techniques unique to each drug. Herein, a broadly applicable platform is explored by drug‐loading via swelling effect of a hydrogel MN patch. A range of small molecule hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and biomacromolecule therapeutics demonstrate successful loading and burst release from hydrogel MNs fabricated from methacrylated hyaluronic acid (MeHA). The post‐fabrication drug loading process allows MeHA MN patches with drug loadings of 10 μg cm−2. Additional post‐fabrication processes are explored with dendrimer bioadhesives that increase work of adhesion, ensuring stable fixation on skin, and allow for additional drug loading strategies.
Critical aspects of balloon position during final proximal optimization technique (POT) in coronary bifurcation stenting
Authors: Andreasen Lene N. , Holm Niels R. , Webber Bruce , Ormiston John A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesIn a coronary bifurcation bench model, to determine the effects of side branch (SB) wire crossing position and balloon position on the stent scaffolding after the final proximal optimization technique (POT).BackgroundPOT performed as a final step after SB dilatation or kissing balloon inflation (KBI) has been widely advocated despite limited evidence.MethodsThirty‐one stent implantations in bifurcation phantoms were performed using a one‐stent provisional technique with (KBI) (n = 13), with POT‐side‐POT technique (n = 12) or with the two‐stent culotte technique (n = 6). SB wiring was performed through either a proximal or a distal stent cell and confirmed by optical coherence tomography. Final POT was performed with the balloon positioned either across or proximal to the SB takeoff. The area of the opened stent cell in front of the SB was assessed by 3D reconstructed microcomputation tomography scans performed before and after Final POT.ResultsIn cases with metallic carina, final POT across the SB takeoff caused SB rejailing. Regardless of stent technique and wire position, a Final POT across the SB takeoff reduced the SB cell opening area by 43% [32%;58%] (n = 15). The largest reduction (54–70%) was found after the POT‐side‐POT technique in procedures with a proximal wiring. Final POT performed proximal to the SB takeoff caused limited or no SB cell opening area reduction (4% [0.6%;6%] [n = 16]).ConclusionFinal POT with balloon positioned across the SB takeoff in a narrow angle bifurcation reduces largest stent cell area in front of the SB ostium and may cause SB rejailing in cases with metallic carina.
Clinical outcomes following ST‐elevation myocardial infarction secondary to stent thrombosis treated by percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Noaman Samer , O'Brien Jessica , Andrianopoulos Nick , Brennan Angela L. , Dinh Diem , Reid Christopher , Sharma Anand , Chan William , Clark David , Stub Dion , Biswas Sinjini , Freeman Melanie , Ajani Andrew , Yip Thomas , Duffy Stephen J. , Oqueli Ernesto ,   the Melbourne Interventional Group Investigators
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the clinical outcomes of patients presenting with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) secondary to stent thrombosis (ST) compared to those presenting with STEMI secondary to a de novo culprit lesion and treated by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).BackgroundST is an infrequent but serious complication of PCI with substantial associated morbidity and mortality, however with limited data.MethodsWe studied consecutive patients who underwent PCI for STEMI from 2005 to 2013 enrolled prospectively in the Melbourne Interventional Group registry. Patients were divided into two groups: the ST group comprised patients where the STEMI was due to ST and the de novo group formed the remainder of the STEMI cohort and all patients were treated by PCI. The primary endpoint was 30‐day all‐cause mortality.ResultsCompared to the de novo group (n = 3,835), the ST group (n = 128; 3.2% of STEMI) had higher rates of diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia, established cardiovascular diseases, myocardial infarction, and peripheral vascular disease, all p < .01. Within the ST group, very‐late ST was the most common form of ST, followed by late and early ST (64, 19, and 17%, respectively). There was no significant difference in the primary outcome between the ST group and the de novo group (4.7 vs. 7.1%, p = .29). On multivariate analysis, ST was not an independent predictor of 30‐day mortality (odds ratio: 0.62, 95% confidence interval: 0.07–1.09, p = .068).ConclusionThe short‐term prognosis of patients with STEMI secondary to ST who were treated by PCI was comparable to that of patients with STEMI due to de novo lesions.
Burn‐induced myocardial depression in a pediatric patient leading to fulminant cardiogenic shock and multiorgan failure requiring extracorporeal life support
Authors: Panchal Apurva , Casadonte Joseph 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCardiac stress is a critical determinant of outcomes associated with severe thermal injury. The cardiovascular response to a catecholamine‐mediated surge from severe burns passes through two phases. Initial hypovolemia with myocardial depression leads to a low cardiac output, which then progresses to a hyperdynamic‐hypermetabolic phase with increased cardiac output.
Recent Advances in Catalytic Dearomative Hydroboration of N‐Heteroarenes
Authors: Park Sehoon 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCatalytic dearomative reduction of N‐heteroarenes is of important transformations in organic synthesis as well as medicinal chemistry, since the reduced aza compounds such as dihydropyridines can be synthetic building blocks as well as structural motifs for bioactive natural products and pharmaceuticals. While hydrogenation and hydrosilylation are well‐utilized methods for such dearomative reduction of N‐heteroarenes, the dearomative hydroboration has recently emerged as a competent alternative with high selectivity and good functional group tolerance. This Minireview describes recent advances in the catalytic hydroboration of N‐heteroarenes. A diverse range of new catalytic systems will be detailed with strong emphasis on their unique working modes, which are closely related to chemo‐, regio‐ and stereooutcomes observed in the hydroboration of N‐heteroarenes.