bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
False-Negative Histopathologic Diagnosis of Prostatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yang Chen , Humphrey Peter A. 
Published: November 2019

Context.—Histopathologic diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate is based on light-microscopic examination of hematoxylin-eosin–stained tissue sections. Multiple factors, including preanalytic and analytic elements, affect the ability of the pathologist to accurately diagnose prostatic adenocarcinoma. False-negative diagnosis, that is, failure to diagnose prostatic adenocarcinoma, may have serious clinical consequences. It is important to delineate and understand those factors that may affect and cause histopathologic false-negative diagnoses of prostatic adenocarcinoma.Objectives.—To review common factors involved in histopathologic underdiagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma, including the following: (1) tissue processing and sectioning artifacts, (2) minimal adenocarcinoma, (3) deceptively benign appearing variants of acinar adenocarcinoma, (4) single cell adenocarcinoma, and (5) treatment effects.Data Sources.—Data sources included published, peer-reviewed literature and personal experiences of the senior author.Conclusions.—Knowledge of the reasons for histopathologic false-negative diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate is an important component in the diagnostic assessment of prostate tissue sections. Diagnostic awareness of the histomorphologic presentations of small (minimal) adenocarcinoma; deceptively benign appearing variants including atrophic, foamy gland, microcystic, and pseudohyperplastic variants; single cell carcinoma; and treatment effects is critical for establishment of a definitive diagnosis of adenocarcinoma and the prevention of false-negative diagnoses of prostate cancer.
High-throughput sequence analysis reveals variation in the relative abundance of components of the bacterial and fungal microbiota in the rhizosphere ofGinkgo biloba
Authors: Ruan Rujue , Jiang Zhifang , Wu Yuhuan , Xu Maojun , Ni Jun 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundThe narrow region of soil, in contact with and directly influenced by plant roots, is called the rhizosphere. Microbes living in the rhizosphere are considered to be important factors for the normal growth and development of plants. In this research, the structural and functional diversities of microbiota between theGinkgo bilobaroot rhizosphere and the corresponding bulk soil were investigated.MethodsThree independent replicate sites were selected, and triplicate soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere and the bulk soil at each sampling site. The communities of bacteria and fungi were investigated using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the rRNA gene, respectively.ResultsA number of bacterial genera showed significantly different abundance in the rhizosphere compared to the bulk soil, includingBradyrhizobium,Rhizobium,Sphingomonas,StreptomycesandNitrospira. Functional enrichment analysis of bacterial microbiota revealed consistently increased abundance of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and decreased abundance of two-component systems in the rhizosphere community, compared to the bulk soil community. In contrast, the situation was more complex and inconsistent for fungi, indicating the independency of the rhizosphere fungal community on the local microenvironment.
Lateral Soft Tissue Neck X-ray a Tool for the Otorhinolaryngology Surgeon
Authors: Uju Ibekwe Matilda , Edirin Oghenekaro 
Published: November 2019

Background: Management of aerodigestive emergencies can prove a challenge especially in this sub-Saharan region where there is a dearth of specialized equipment. In some areas, a plain radiograph may be the only investigative tool readily available to the surgeon. It is routinely done in most of these cases. In our environment health care is often financed by the patients through out of pocket expenses since most do not have health insurance. Affordability of a particular treatment becomes paramount. This study, therefore, is aimed at assessing the use of lateral soft tissue neck X-ray and its reliability as a diagnostic tool in aerodigestive emergencies.
Objective: To determine the relevance or effectiveness of plain radiograph of the lateral soft tissue neck in patients with upper aerodigestive emergencies and therefore its use as a tool to the otorhinolaryngology (ORL) surgeon as the first-line investigation in these patients.
Patients and Methods: It is a prospective study of all patients that presented to the ENT surgery department of UPTH from April 2018 to April 2019 with upper aerodigestive emergencies. Patients who presented in the ENT clinic, accident and emergency department, children`s emergency wards and the clinics with upper aerodigestive emergencies were recruited in this study. All the patients had X-ray lateral soft tissue of the neck done on presentation and the results were then compared with the final operative findings in the operation theatre. Some patients had also chest radiograph done however; the diagnosis was done based on the lateral soft tissue neck finding. Patients that had radiologic investigation other than radiograph of the lateral soft tissue neck as the main investigative tool were excluded from the study. The radiologist opinion was obtained for all the radiographs as a routine. The results were analyzed using the SPSS 20 and presented in simple statistical tables.
Results: Sixteen patients were studied. Males were 14(87.5%) while females were 2(12.5%). Age range was from 1.5 to 77 years with children comprising only 31.25% of the study population. The commonest presenting complaint was voice change 68.75%. Positive findings on the x-ray neck were seen as soft signs in 62.5% and radio-opacity in 18.75%. In n=14(87.5%) the lateral neck x-ray positive findings were corroborated by the operative findings. The tool has a specificity of 100% for both foreign body inhalation/ingestion and laryngeal tumour but the sensitivity of 80% in laryngeal tumours but 100% for the foreign body.
Conclusion: Study concludes that lateral soft tissue neck x-ray was found to be a good and useful tool in the diagnosis of a good number of upper aerodigestive emergencies such as foreign body ingestion/inhalation and patients with upper airway obstruction caused by laryngeal tumours and some infective conditions such as a retropharyngeal abscess.
Hydrogel Coatings for Heart Stents
Authors: Chen Kaifeng , Yang Jun , Guo Song , Chen Chia‐Hung , Luo Rongcong , Wu Yun‐Long 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHeart stents are medical devices used to keep or expand the lumen of arteries. For more than the last three decades, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)‐based stent placement was applied as a primary choice in treating coronary artery diseases (CADs). Despite the success in relieving the symptoms of narrowed or weak arteries, bare metal stent placement is inevitably associated with restenosis, leading to stent failure in a relatively short timescale. To overcome this problem, bioactive‐containing polymer layer is coated on the stents, the so‐called drug‐eluting stent (DES), had been designed and successfully used to lower the restenosis rate. Thein situdelivery of the active substances and/or the surface functionalities from the coatings of stents can facilitate re‐endothelialization, anti‐platelet aggregation, anti‐inflammation, and anti‐thrombosis and reduce the potential risk of PCI procedure to the surrounding tissues. Among the various coating strategies, hydrophilic polymeric hydrogel coatings show unique advantages such as capability of loading hydrophilic bioactives and/or cells, moldable softness to cell modulus, and tight fixation to arteries after placement. Consequently, hydrogel coating for heart stents are attracting more attention. This review aims at providing a timely summary and outlook for hydrogel coatings of heart stents.
Defect‐Engineered Atomically Thin MoS2 Homogeneous Electronics for Logic Inverters
Authors: Gao Li , Liao Qingliang , Zhang Xiankun , Liu Xiaozhi , Gu Lin , Liu Baishan , Du Junli , Ou Yang , Xiao Jiankun , Kang Zhuo , Zhang Zheng , Zhang Yue 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUltrathin molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) presents ideal properties for building next‐generation atomically thin circuitry. However, it is difficult to construct logic units of MoS2 monolayer using traditional silicon‐based doping schemes, such as atomic substitution and ion implantation, as they cause lattice disruption and doping instability. An accurate and feasible electronic structure modulation strategy from defect engineering is proposed to construct homogeneous electronics for MoS2 monolayer logic inverters. By utilizing the energy‐matched electron induction of the solution process, numerous pure and lattice‐stable monosulfur vacancies (Vmonos) are introduced to modulate the electronic structure of monolayer MoS2 via a shallow trapping effect. The resulting modulation effectively reduces the electronic concentration of MoS2 and improves the work function by 100 meV. Under modulation of Vmonos, an atomically thin homogenous monolayer MoS2 logic inverter with a voltage gain of 4 is successfully constructed. A brand‐new and practical design route of defect modulation for 2D‐based circuit development is provided.
New Strategies for Defect Passivation in High‐Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Akin Seckin , Arora Neha , Zakeeruddin Shaik M. , Grätzel Michael , Friend Richard H. , Dar M. Ibrahim 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLead halide perovskite solar cells now show excellent efficiencies and encouraging levels of stability. Further improvements in performance require better control of the trap states which are considered to be associated with vacancies and defects at crystallite surfaces. Herein, a reflection on the ways in which these traps can be mitigated is presented by improving the quality of the perovskite layer and interfaces in fully assembled device configurations. In this review, the most recent design strategies reported in the literature, which have been explored to tune grain orientation, to passivate defects, and to improve charge‐carrier lifetimes, are presented. Specifically, the advances made with single‐cation, mixed‐cation and/or mixed‐halide, and 3D/2D bilayer‐based light absorbers are discussed. The interfacial, compositional, and band alignment engineering along with their consequent effects on the open‐circuit voltage, power conversion efficiency, and stability are a particular focus.
Computer‐based engineering of thermostabilized antibody fragments
Authors: Lee Jiwon , Der Bryan S. , Karamitros Christos S. , Li Wenzong , Marshall Nicholas M. , Lungu Oana I. , Miklos Aleksandr E. , Xu Jianqing , Kang Tae Hyun , Lee Chang‐Han , Tan Bing , Hughes Randall A. , Jung Sang Taek , Ippolito Gregory C. , Gray Jeffrey J. , Zhang Yan , Kuhlman Brian , Georgiou George , Ellington Andrew D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe used the molecular modeling program Rosetta to identify clusters of amino acid substitutions in antibody fragments (scFvs and scAbs) that improve global protein stability and resistance to thermal deactivation. Using this methodology, we increased the melting temperature (Tm) and resistance to heat treatment of an antibody fragment that binds to the Clostridium botulinum hemagglutinin protein (anti‐HA33). Two designed antibody fragment variants with two amino acid replacement clusters, designed to stabilize local regions, were shown to have both higher Tm compared to the parental scFv and importantly to retain full antigen binding activity after 2 hr of incubation at 70°C. The crystal structure of one thermostabilized scFv variants was solved at 1.6 Å and shown to be in close agreement with the RosettaAntibody model prediction.
Molecular Design Strategy of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Emitters Using CN‐Substituted Imidazopyrazine as a New Electron‐Accepting Unit
Authors: Kothavale Shantaram , Lee Kyung Hyung , Lee Jun Yeob 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF)‐based organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) have attracted enormous attention recently due to their capability to replace conventional phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes for practical applications. In this work, a newly designed CN‐substituted imidazopyrazine moiety was utilized as an electron‐accepting unit in a TADF emitter. Two TADF emitters, 8‐(3‐cyano‐4‐(9,9‐dimethylacridin‐10(9H)‐yl)phenyl)‐2‐phenylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyrazine‐3‐carbonitrile (Ac‐CNImPyr) and 8‐(3‐cyano‐4‐(10H‐phenoxazin‐10‐yl)phenyl)‐2‐phenylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyrazine‐3‐carbonitrile (PXZ‐CNImPyr), were developed based on the CN‐substituted imidazopyrazine acceptor combined with acridine and phenoxazine donor, respectively. A CN‐substituted phenyl spacer was introduced between the donor and acceptor for a sufficiently small singlet‐triplet energy gap (ΔEST) and molecular orbital management. Small ΔEST of 0.07 eV was achieved for the phenoxazine donor‐based PXZ‐CNImPyr emitter. As a result, an organic light‐emitting diode based on the PXZ‐CNImPyr emitter exhibited a high external quantum efficiency of up to 12.7 %, which surpassed the EQE limit of common fluorescent emitters. Hence, the CN‐modified imidazopyrazine unit can be introduced as a new acceptor for further modifications to develop efficient TADF‐based OLEDs.
Double‐Decker Paramagnetic {(K)(H3Hhp)2}⋅2−Radical Dianions Comprising Two [30]Trithia‐2,3,5,10,12,13,15,20,22,23,25,30‐Dodecaazahexaphyrins and a Potassium Ion
Authors: Konarev Dmitri V. , Khasanov Salavat S. , Islyaikin Mikhail K. , Otsuka Akihiro , Yamochi Hideki , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Lyubovskaya Rimma N. , Ivanov Evgenii N. , Koifman Oskar I. , Zhabanov Yuriy A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractReduction of free‐base [30]trithia‐2,3,5,10,12,13,15,20,22,23,25,30‐dodecaazahexaphyrin (H3Hhp) yields {cryptand[2.2.2](K)}2{(K)(H3Hhp)2}⋅4C6H4Cl2(1) containing double‐decker {(K)(H3Hhp)2}⋅2−radical dianions, whose structure was elucidated using X‐ray diffraction. Potassium ion forms 12 short (K+)⋅⋅⋅N(H3Hhp) contacts with two H3Hhp macrocycles in the 3.048–3.157 Å range. Dianions haveS=1/2 spin state manifesting an effective magnetic moment of 1.64 μBat 300 K and a narrow Lorentzian electron paramagnetic resonance signal. Quantum chemical calculations support the ionic nature of the (K+)‐N(H3Hhp) interactions and the nearly equal distribution of the −1.5 charge over each macrocycle. H3Hhp takes the role of an aza‐crown ether in free‐base reduced state and forms a new type of double‐decker complex.
(Co,Fe)3O4 Decorated Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes in Nano‐Composite Gas Diffusion Layers as Highly Stable Bifunctional Catalysts for Rechargeable Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Aasen Drew , Clark Michael P. , Ivey Douglas G. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract(Co,Fe)3O4 nanoparticles are decorated onto N‐doped carbon nanotubes at room temperature through a simple mixing process and are simultaneously deposited within a porous gas diffusion layer (GDL) by an impregnation technique. The (Co,Fe)3O4 nanoparticles are identified as the spinel phase through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The composite GDL is used as the air electrode for Zn‐air batteries and shows excellent performance as a bifunctional catalyst with initial discharge and charge potentials of 1.19 V and 2.00 V, respectively, at 20 mA cm−2. Cycling performance of the impregnated electrode compares favourably with benchmark Pt‐RuO2 catalysts at both 10 mA cm−2 and 20 mA cm−2. The (Co,Fe)3O4/N‐CNT impregnated GDL had a final discharge/charge efficiency of 58.5 % after 100 h (200 cycles) of bifunctional cycling at 10 mA cm−2, which is superior to that of Pt‐RuO2 (55.3 % efficiency). The cycling efficiency for (Co,Fe)3O4/N‐CNT impregnated GDL at 20 mA cm−2 is also better than that for Pt−Ru (53.5 % vs 41.3 % after 50 h (100 cycles)). The result is a simple and easily scalable one‐pot electrode synthesis method for high performing bi‐functional air electrodes for Zn‐air batteries.
Contemporary prostate cancer treatment choices in multidisciplinary clinics referenced to national trends
Authors: Tang Chad , Hoffman Karen E. , Allen Pamela K. , Gabel Molly , Schreiber David , Choi Seungtaek , Chapin Brian F. , Nguyen Quynh‐Nhu , Davis John W. , Corn Paul , Logothetis Christopher , Ward John , Frank Steven J. , Navai Neema , McGuire Sean E. , Anscher Mitchell , Pisters Louis , Pettaway Curtis A. , Kumar Rachit , Linson Patrick , Tripuraneni Prabhakar , Tomaszewski Jeffrey J. , Patel Ashish B. , Augspurger Mark , Kuban Deborah A. 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to assess treatment choices among men with prostate cancer who presented at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center multidisciplinary (MultiD) clinic compared with nationwide trends.MethodsIn total, 4451 men with prostate cancer who presented at the MultiD clinic from 2004 to 2016 were analyzed. To assess nationwide trends, the authors analyzed 392,710 men with prostate cancer who were diagnosed between 2004 and 2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The primary endpoint was treatment choice as a function of pretreatment demographics.ResultsUnivariate analyses revealed similar treatment trends in the MultiD and SEER cohorts. The use of procedural forms of definitive therapy decreased with age, including brachytherapy and prostatectomy (all P < .05). Later year of diagnosis/clinic visit was associated with decreased use of definitive treatments, whereas higher risk grouping was associated with increased use (all P < .001). Patients with low‐risk disease treated at the MultiD clinic were more likely to receive nondefinitive therapy than patients in SEER, whereas the opposite trend was observed for patients with high‐risk disease, with a substantial portion of high‐risk patients in SEER not receiving definitive therapy. In the MultiD clinic, African American men with intermediate‐risk and high‐risk disease were more likely to receive definitive therapy than white men, but for SEER the opposite was true.ConclusionsPresentation at a MultiD clinic facilitates the appropriate disposition of patients with low‐risk disease to nondefinitive strategies of patients with high‐risk disease to definitive treatment, and it may obviate the influence of race.
HIV Cure Research: Risks Patients Expressed Willingness to Accept
Authors: Kratka Allison , Ubel Peter A. , Scherr Karen , Murray Benjamin , Eyal Nir , Kirby Christine , Katz Madelaine N. , Holtzman Lisa , Pollak Kathryn , Freedburg Kenneth , Blumenthal‐Barby Jennifer 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTDespite doing well on antiretroviral therapy, many people living with HIV have expressed a willingness to accept substantial risks for an HIV cure. To date, few studies have assessed the specific quantitative maximal risk that future participants might take; probed whether, according to future participants, the risk can be offset by the benefits; and examined whether taking substantial risk is a reasonable decision. In this qualitative study, we interviewed 22 people living with HIV and used standard gamble methodology to assess the maximum chance of death a person would risk for an HIV cure. We probed participants’ reasoning behind their risk‐taking responses. Conventional inductive content analysis was used to categorize key themes regarding decision‐making. We found that some people would be willing to risk even death for an HIV cure, and some of their reasons were plausible and went far beyond the health‐related utility of an HIV cure. We contend that people's expressed willingness to take substantial risk for an HIV cure should not be dismissed out of hand.
Perioperative intravenous low‐dose ketamine for neuropathic pain after major lower back surgery: A randomized, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Czarnetzki Christoph , Desmeules Jules , Tessitore Enrico , Faundez Antonio , Chabert Jocelyne , Daali Youssef , Fournier Roxane , Dupuis‐Lozeron Elise , Cedraschi Christine , Richard Tramèr Martin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundChronic pain after major lower back surgery is frequent. We investigated in adults the effect of perioperative low‐dose ketamine on neuropathic lower back pain, assessed by the DN4 questionnaire, 6 and 12 months after major lower back surgery.MethodsIn this single‐centre randomized trial, 80 patients received intravenous ketamine 0.25 mg/kg preoperatively, followed by 0.25 mg kg−1 hr−1 intraoperatively, and 0.1 mg kg−1 hr−1 from 1 hr before the end of surgery until the end of recovery room stay; 80 controls received placebo.ResultsPreoperatively, 47.4% of patients in the ketamine group and 46.3% in the placebo group had neuropathic pain; 10% and 3.8%, respectively, were using strong opioids. At the end of the infusion, the median cumulative dose of ketamine was 84.8 mg (IQR 67.4–106.7) and the median plasma level was 97 ng/ml (IQR 77.9–128.0). At 6 months, 28.8% of patients in the ketamine group and 23.5% in the placebo group had neuropathic pain (absolute difference, 5.2%; 95% CI −10.7 to 21.1; p = .607). At 12 months, 26.4% of patients in the ketamine group and 17.9% in the placebo group had neuropathic pain (absolute difference 8.5%; 95% CI −6.7 to 23.6; p = .319).ConclusionsIn this patient population with a high prevalence of neuropathic lower back pain undergoing major lower back surgery, a perioperative intravenous low‐dose ketamine infusion did not have an effect on the prevalence of neuropathic lower back pain at 6 or 12 months postoperatively.SignificanceWe were unable to show any analgesic benefit of a short‐term perioperative ketamine infusion as an adjuvant to multimodal analgesia in patients with a high prevalence of neuropathic lower back pain undergoing major back surgery. Based on these data, the widespread opinion that ketamine is universally analgesic across different pain conditions must be challenged.Prior presentationsAbstract presentation at the annual congress of the Swiss Society of Anaesthesiology, 2016, Basel, Switzerland.Clinical trial number and registry URLRegistered by Dr Christoph Czarnetzki as principal investigator on February 20, 2008 at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00618423).
A long non‐coding RNA LNBC3 facilitates non‐small cell lung cancer progression by stabilizing BCL6
Authors: Shen Jian , Ma Jun , Li Jianghong , Wang Xin , Wang Yi , Ma Jie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a common malignancy worldwide. Numerous reports have shown the critical role of long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in NSCLC. However, the role of a novel lncRNA named LNBC3 is still unknown.MethodsBy lncRNA profiling, novel lncRNAs related to NSCLC were identified. LNBC3 expression was quantified by qRT‐PCR. Migration and viability assays were performed to evaluate the function of LNBC3 in vitro. In vivo xenograft model was conducted to determine the oncogenic functions of LNBC3. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) followed by mass spectrometry (MS) was utilized to identify BCL6 as LNBC3 binding target.ResultsLNBC3 is markedly overexpressed in tumor tissues and NSCLC cell lines. Higher LNBC3 levels correlated with advanced TNM stages, larger tumor size, and metastasis. LNBC3 promoted NSCLC migration and viability. The in vivo experiments demonstrated that xenograft tumor growth and proliferation were facilitated with increasing LNBC3 levels. The antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) targeting LNBC3 substantially inhibited lung cancer progression. Mechanistic studies showed that LNBC3 could interact with BCL6 leading to BCL6 stabilization through reduced proteasomal degradation.ConclusionsCollectively, our data have identified a novel lncRNA LNBC3 in NSCLC progression. The LNBC3‐BCL6 axis might be a potential target for pharmaceutical intervention.