bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of Islamic perspectives on leadership.
Authors: Abdallah Abdulkarim , Çitaku Fadil , Waldrop Marianne , Zillioux Don , Preteni Çitaku Lumturie , Hayat Khan Yawar 
Published: November 2019

Islamic culture encourages and supports a rich and complete way of life, with guidance, both spiritual and secular, provided for every facet of the devotee’s life.
The Qur’an and the Sunnah are the two sources for the Islamic concept of the role of the leader. The Qur’an is the holy book of the religion of Islam, and the Sunnah describes the exemplary life of Prophet Mohammad, largely understood through narration of his words and deeds – the Hadeeth.
The Holy Qur’an is universally honoured by Muslims, who identify passages that are pertinent and influential to their lives.
Leadership is a tenet that is highly emphasized in Islamic life and is embodied in the pillar of accountability. Indeed, the Prophet Mohammad in the Hadeeth states: ‘each of you is a guardian and is responsible for his subjects’ (Saheeh al Bukhari: 212).
This form of multi-level leadership is highly encouraged in Islam.
The operational principles that should be applied by Muslim leaders include the exercise of justice, fulfilment of trust, observance of righteousness, perseverance in doing what is right, and honouring promises (Beekum, 1999).
The model of Islamic leadership has four dimensions: Consciousness of God, Competency, Consultation, and Consideration (The 4C model).
Outcomes of Cadaveric Renal Transplantation Using Mycophenolate Mofetil or Azathioprine in South Africa
Authors: Gathara Linda , Naicker Saraladevi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Introduction: Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) has, to a great extent, replaced azathioprine (AZA) in immunosuppressive regimens worldwide in the prevention of acute allograft rejection. However, there are no studies in South Africa to show that MMF is superior to AZA.

Objectives: To describe the outcomes of cadaveric renal transplantation in patients treated with either MMF or AZA and followed up over a 5-year period.

Design: This was a retrospective comparative study.

Methods: A convenience sample of all eligible patients, 208 in total, was recruited from the Renal Transplant Unit at the Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital from 1985 to 2013, who were treated with either MMF or AZA.

Results: Of the 208 patients, 101 patients were treated with AZA and 107 patients treated with MMF, in addition to corticosteroids and cyclosporine. A total of 16 patients developed acute allograft rejection 12–52 weeks after cadaveric transplantation. Of these, 6% were in the AZA group and 10% in the MMF group. There was a 1% mortality in the MMF group and 16.8% in the AZA group (p < 0.001). The serum creatinine at a 3-month follow-up was found to be a strong predictor of allograft function in patients on MMF (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Patient survival was superior in the long term in cadaveric renal transplant patients receiving MMF therapy.
Histopathologic features of male domestic cat (Felis domestica) testes induced by bisphenol-A orally
Authors: Makmur Fachira Ulfa , Purba Fika Yuliza , Sari Dwi Kesuma 
Published: November 2019

Infertility in cat becomes a serious problem in pet community since many compounds of infertility-caused can be found widely in the environment. One of the compounds causing infertility in mammals is Bisphenol-A (BPA), which is known as an estrogenic compound. The purpose of this research is to observe the changes in testicular histology of male domestic cat (Felis domestica) induced by BPA orally. Sample used in this study were 24 male domestic cats divided into 4 groups, namely the group 1 as control, group 2, 3 and 4 were treated with BPA about 5, 10 and 100 mg/kg bodyweight, respectively for 5 days. The results showed that the estrogenic effect of BPA affects the reproductive system of the cat. The effects of BPA in cat included decrease in the amounts of spermatozoa, vacuolization of seminiferous tubules cells, degeneration of Leydig cells, degeneration of tubular epithelial cells, irregular forms of the germ, interstitial tissue hemorrhage, debris cell filled the lumen of seminiferous tubules. These results suggested that BPA can be harmful to the reproductive system of the cat
Glucose levels and Stress Index of Common Palm Civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) Coffee Eaters and not Coffee Eaters
Authors: Ulfa Nur Isnaini , Novelina Savitri , Satyaningtijas Aryani Sismin 
Published: November 2019

Common palm civet is a mamalia which often used to produce luwak coffee. Therefore health status of common palm civet is very important to be considered because force feeding of coffee can turn to stress condition. Glucose level, leukocyte profile and ratio N/L were often used as stress indicator. This study was aimed to determine glucose levels from blood of common palm civet, determine leukocyte profile and its deffirentiation also to calculate neutrophyl/limpocyte ratio from six common palm civet there were three group of observation, there were common palm civet coffe eaters and not coffe eaters. Blood samples were taken intracardially for further analyzed using manual blood method. Glucose levels of coffee eaters common palm civet was higher than common palm civet that was not coffee eaters. Stress index of coffee eaters common palm civet (0,516) was higher than not coffee eaters (0,463), but it was still in the normal range. Common palm civet that eat coffee continuosly can lead to oxidative stress condition.
The Analysis of Renal Anatomy and Histological Changes of Green Iguana (Iguana Iguana) After Feeding With Red Spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.)
Authors: Nurjunitar Annita Vury , Purba Fika Yuliza , Wahyuni Wahyuni , Ismartoyo Ismartoyo , Sari Dwi Kesuma 
Published: November 2019

Background and Objective: Iguana breeders usually used red spinach as a feed for iguanas. However, several studies have indicated that red spinach contains oxalate and purine which are harmful if consumed at a certain level because they can interfere with kidney function. This study aimed to investigate the change of anatomy and histology of green iguana (Iguana iguana) kidney after feeding with red spinach. Materials and methods: Twelve iguanas were used in this study and were divided into four groups in accordance to the dose level of red spinach (100%, 75%, 50% and 25%, namely group I to IV, respectively). The red spinach was given for 30 days through the nasogastric intubation. The effect of red spinach administration was observed through the anatomy and histological changes. The results were statistically analyzed with One Way ANOVA with p<0.05 was considered significant, and Post Hoc Test. The histopathology change of the kidney was analyzed descriptively. Results: The administration of red spinach in iguanas caused some anatomy changes of the kidney; such as the enlargement of iguana’s kidney. The histological findings included the enlargement of the glomerulus, capsular space constriction, hydropic degeneration, tubular dilation, necrosis, and formation of connective tissue (fibrosis), uric acid crystal sediment (gout), oxalate crystal, and lymphocyte infiltration. Among four different dose levels of red spinach, 100% of red spinach caused the highest damage to the iguana’s kidney. The significant change grew as the increasing dose of red spinach that was given to the green iguanas’ bodies. Conclusion: Red spinach caused changes in anatomy structure as well as kidney histology of green iguanas. Severe damages occurred in the treatment group III, moderate damage occurredin the treatment group II, and light damage occurred in the treatment group I. Keywords: Green iguana, Red spinach, Kidney, Anatomy Change, Histology Change
Convergent degeneration of olfactory receptor gene repertoires in marine mammals
Authors: Liu Ake , He Funan , Shen Libing , Liu Ruixiang , Wang Zhijun , Zhou Jingqi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Olfactory receptors (ORs) can bind odor molecules and play a crucial role in odor sensation. Due to the frequent gains and losses of genes during evolution, the number of OR members varies greatly among different species. However, whether the extent of gene gains/losses varies between marine mammals and related terrestrial mammals has not been clarified, and the factors that might underlie these variations are unknown.
Results: To address these questions, we identified more than 10,000 members of the OR family in 23 mammals and classified them into 830 orthologous gene groups (OGGs) and 281 singletons. Significant differences occurred in the number of OR repertoires and OGGs among different species. We found that all marine mammals had fewer OR genes than their related terrestrial lineages, with the fewest OR genes found in cetaceans, which may be closely related to olfactory degradation. ORs with more gene duplications or loss events tended to be under weaker purifying selection. The average gain and loss rates of OR genes in terrestrial mammals were higher than those of mammalian gene families, while the average gain and loss rates of OR genes in marine mammals were significantly lower and much higher than those of mammalian gene families, respectively. Additionally, we failed to detect any one-to-one orthologous genes in the focal species, suggesting that OR genes are not well conserved among marine mammals.
Conclusions: Marine mammals have experienced large numbers of OR gene losses compared with their related terrestrial lineages, which may result from the frequent birth-and-death evolution under varied functional constrains. Due to their independent degeneration, OR genes present in each lineage are not well conserved among marine mammals. Our study provides a basis for future research on the olfactory receptor function in mammals from the perspective of evolutionary trajectories.
Evolution of cis- and trans-regulatory divergence in the chicken genome between two contrasting breeds analyzed using three tissue types at one-day-old
Authors: Wang Qiong , Jia Yaxiong , Wang Yuan , Jiang Zhihua , Zhou Xiang , Zhang Zebin , Nie Changsheng , Li Junying , Yang Ning , Qu Lujiang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Gene expression variation is a key underlying factor influencing phenotypic variation, and can occur via cis- or trans-regulation. To understand the role of cis- and trans-regulatory variation on population divergence in chicken, we developed reciprocal crosses of two chicken breeds, White Leghorn and Cornish Game, which exhibit major differences in body size and reproductive traits, and used them to determine the degree of cis versus trans variation in the brain, liver, and muscle tissue of male and female 1-day-old specimens.Results: We provided an overview of how transcriptomes are regulated in hybrid progenies of two contrasting breeds based on allele specific expression analysis. Compared with cis-regulatory divergence, trans-acting genes were more extensive in the chicken genome. In addition, considerable compensatory cis- and trans-regulatory changes exist in the chicken genome. Most importantly, stronger purifying selection was observed on genes regulated by trans-variations than in genes regulated by the cis elements.Conclusions: We present a pipeline to explore allele-specific expression in hybrid progenies of inbred lines without a specific reference genome. Our research is the first study to describe the regulatory divergence between two contrasting breeds. The results suggest that artificial selection associated with domestication in chicken could have acted more on trans-regulatory divergence than on cis-regulatory divergence.
Sepsis in cancer patients residing in Zimbabwe: Spectrum of bacterial and fungal aetiologies and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns.
Authors: CHINOWAITA FRANK , Chaka Wendy , Nyazika Tinashe K , Maboreke Tendai C , Tizauone Emmanuel , Mapondera Prichard , Chitsike Inam , Cakana Andrew Z , Mavenyengwa Rooyen Tinago 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Introduction: Cancer and sepsis comorbidity is a major public health problem in most parts of the world including Zimbabwe. The microbial aetiologies of sepsis and their antibiograms vary with time and locations. Knowledge on local microbial aetiologies of sepsis and their susceptibility patterns is critical in guiding empirical antimicrobial treatment choices.
Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study which determined the microbial aetiologies of sepsis from blood cultures of paediatric and adult cancer patients obtained between July 2016 and June 2017. The TDR-X120 blood culture system and TDR 300B auto identification machine were used for incubation of blood culture bottles and identification plus antimicrobial susceptibility testing, respectively. Clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) standard breakpoints were used to interpret the antimicrobial susceptibility results.
Results: A total of 142 participants were enrolled; 50 (35.2%) had positive blood cultures with 56.0% Gram positive, 42.0% Gram negative bacteria and 2.0% yeast isolates. Most common isolates were coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp. (CoNS) (22.0%), Escherichia coli (16.0%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.0%), Enterococcus faecalis (14.0%) and Staphylococcus aureus (8.0%) in all cancer patients. These isolates were similar in both haematological and solid cancers. Gram negative isolates exhibited high resistance to gentamicin (61.9%) and ceftriaxone (71.4%) which are the empiric antimicrobial agents used in our setting. Amikacin and meropenem showed 85.7% and 95.2% activity respectively against all Gram negative isolates while vancomycin and linezolid were effective against 96.2% and 100.0% of all Gram positive isolates respectively. Ten (66.7%) isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae were extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) positive. Among Staphylococcus species it was also observed that 10/15 (66.7%) of the isolates were methicillin resistan t.
Conclusions : The major microbial aetiologies of sepsis among patients with cancer in Zimbabwe were CoNS, E. coli , K. pneumoniae , E. faecalis and S. aureus . Most isolates were resistant to commonly used empirical antibiotics and there was high level of ESBL and methicillin resistance carriage. A nationwide survey on microbial aetiologies of sepsis and their susceptibility patterns would assist in the guidance of effective sepsis empiric antimicrobial treatment among patients with cancer.
Perioperative poor grip strength recovery is associated with 30-day complication rate after cardiac surgery discharge in middle-aged and older adults- a prospective observational study
Authors: Fu Liyuan , Zhang Yuanyuan , Shao Bohan , Liu Xiangjing , Yuan Bo , Wang Zhengqing , Chen Tienan , Liu Zhigang , Liu Xiaocheng , Guo Qi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Although perioperative care during heart surgery has improved considerably, the rate of postoperative complications has remained stable. It has not been concluded how to better apply grip strength to clinical, postoperative complications. So our study aimed at researching the best way for using grip value for predicting early postoperative complications.
Methods: A total of 212 patients with mean age 63.8±6.3 who underwent cardiac surgery participated in our study. We analyzed the ROC curve of grip strength, grip/weight and grip recovery with complications, found the best cutoff point. Logistic regression confirmed the association between grip strength grouping and complications.
Results: We found that 36 patients had 30-day complications. EuroSCORE were 2.15±1.52 and 2.42±1.58 between normal and complication groups, respectively. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) of grip recovery take the most area (0.837, p<0.001), and the cutoff point was 83.92%. In logistic regression, lower grip recovery has higher risk impact on 30-day complications for 25.68 times than normal group, after adjusted surgery-related factors. After regrouped characteristic information by grip recovery cutoff point , we found that percentage of the estimated 6 minute walk distance (41.5 vs 48.3, p=0.028) and hospitalization time (7.2 vs 6.1, p=0.042) had worse trends in lower recovery group.
Conclusions: Poor grip recovery may be related to higher risk of postoperative complications within 30 days after discharge in middle-aged and older people independent of surgical risk. The results of this study provide a reference for the development of rehabilitation programs in the early postoperative recovery, and may also be a prognostic indicator for postoperative high-risk groups.
Autologous plasma versus fetal calf serum as a supplement for the culture of neutrophils.
Authors: Author) Razieh Alipour(Former Corresponding , Fatemi Alimohammad , Alsahebfosul Fereshteh , Andalib Alireza , Author) Abbasali Pourazar(New Corresponding 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective Currently the replacement of fetal calf serum (FCS) by a more suitable alternative is a sought aim in the field of tissue and cell culture research. Autologous plasma (AP) and especially autologous serum (AS) have been shown to be effective substitutes of FCS in culture media for some of cell types. Nevertheless, there is no comparative data on the most appropriate supplement for cell media in neutrophil studies, it is now unclear whether AP have relatively an equal, superior or inferior performance to FCS in neutrophil cell culture. In the present study, human blood neutrophils were isolated and cultured in FCS- or AP-supplemented medium. After 12, 36 and 60 hours of incubation, cell viability, oxidative burst and CD11b expression were determined by flow cytometry.Results Compared to the culture of neutrophils in FCS 10% medium, the culture of neutrophils in a medium with AP 10% could prolong their life span without affecting their function. The findings introduce AP as a better supplement for human neutrophil cell culture than FCS and propose a simple and economical procedure for neutrophil isolation and culture.
Silicon application and related changes in soil bacterial community dynamics reduced ginseng black spot incidence in Panax ginseng in a short-term study
Authors: Li Meijia , Wang Qiuxia , Liu Zhengbo , Pan Xiaoxi , Zhang Yayu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background This study analyzed the effect of silicon (Si) application on the occurrence of ginseng black spot caused by Alternaria panax . We explored the differences in soil physical and chemical factors and microbial community structure following Si application as well as the key factors that affected the occurrence of ginseng black spot in soil. Potted Panax ginseng plants were used to assess the effect of Si treatment on ginseng black spot. Soil physical and chemical properties were comprehensively analyzed. Bacterial communities were analyzed using Illumina HiSeq sequencing targeting the 16S rRNA gene.
Results After inoculation with A. panax , the morbidity (and morbidity index) of ginseng with and without Si was 52% (46) and 83% (77), respectively. Soil physical and chemical analysis showed that under the ginseng black spot inoculation, bacterial communities were mainly affected by pH and available potassium, followed by ammonium nitrogen and available Si. NMDS and PLS-DA analyses and the heat maps of relative abundance revealed that Si application elevated the resistance of ginseng black spot as regulated by the abundance and diversity of bacterial flora in rhizosphere soils. Heatmap analysis at the genus level revealed that A. panax + Si inoculations significantly increased the soil community abundance of Sandaracinus , Polycyclovorans , Hirschia , Haliangium , Nitrospira , Saccharothrix , Aeromicrobium , Luteimonas , and Rubellimicrobium and led to a bacterial community structure with relative abundances that were significantly similar to that of untreated soil.
Conclusions Short-term Si application also significantly regulated the structural impact on soil microorganisms caused by ginseng black spot. Our findings indicated that Si applications may possibly be used in the prevention and treatment of ginseng black spot.
Cost of incorrect application of antithrombotic prophylaxis prior to invasive procedures
Authors: Cuevas María Victoria , Martínez-Sancho Ignacio , Arribas Jana , García-Díaz Covadonga , Cuevas Beatriz 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background

We analyze the cost of an incorrect application, by the haematologist, of bridging anticoagulation in patients with low-risk atrial fibrillation (AF) needing interruption of treatment prior to a scheduled invasive procedure. Although not recommended, bridging therapy is widely used, resulting in avoidable costs and increased workload.

Methods

Observational retrospective study. We recorded demographic and clinical data including age, sex, type of procedure, use of bridging therapy with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), and haemorrhagic complications within 30 days of acenocoumarol withdrawal.

Results

Acenocoumarol was stopped in 161 patients, 97 (60%) were male and 64 (40%) female. Average age was 76,11 ± 8,45 years. Procedures included: minor surgical intervention 58 (36%), colonoscopy 61 (38%), gastroscopy 11 (7%), breast biopsy 4 (2.5%), prostate biopsy 4 (2.5%), infiltration 5 (3%), and other 18 (11%). All patients received bridging anticoagulation with LMWH (40mg enoxaparin per day) 3 days before and 3 days after the procedure (6 doses). We used a total of 966 doses, at €4.5 per unit, resulted in €4,347 of total cost. No complications occurred in 156 patients (97%). Haemorrhage was observed in 5 cases: 1 major haemorrhage needing 6 days of hospital stay and transfusion, and 4 minor haemorrhages (2 patients needed emergency attendance and 2 required hospital admission for 3 and 2 days, respectively). The cost of emergency care was €237.36, and the cost of hospital stay was €6860.81 (€623.71 per day, for 11 days). The total cost of the incorrect application of the protocol was €11445.17.

Conclusion

Guidelines about bridging anticoagulation in low risk AF patients undergoing scheduled invasive procedures were not followed. This practice increments the complications and supposes an increase in costs besides to an inadequate use of the human resources.
Post-lingual non-syndromic hearing loss phenotype: a polygenic case with 2 biallelic mutations in MYO5A and MITF
Authors: Khalil Athar , Karroum Samer Bou , Barake Rana , Dunya Gabriel , Abou-Rizk Samer , Kamar Amina , Nemer Georges , Bassim Marc 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Hearing loss (HL) represents the most common congenital sensory impairment with an incidence of 1-5 per 1000 live births. Non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) is an isolated finding that is not part of any other disorder accounting for 70% of all genetic hearing loss cases. Methods: In the current study , we reported a polygenic mode of inheritance in an NSHL consanguineous family using exome sequencing technology and we evaluated the possible effect of the detected single nucleotide variants (SNVs) using in silico methods. Results: Two bi-allelic SNVs were detected in the affected patients; a MYO15A (. p.V485A) variant, and a novel MITF (p.P338L) variant. Along with these homozygous mutations, we detected two heterozygous variants in well described hearing loss genes ( MYO7A and MYH14). The novel MITF p. Pro338Leu missense mutation was predicted to change the protein structure and function. Conclusion: A novel MITF mutation along with a previously described MYO15A mutation segregate with an autosomal recessive non-syndromic HL case with a post-lingual onset. The findings highlight the importance of carrying whole exome sequencing for a comprehensive assessment of HL genetic heterogeneity.