bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
H and L Chain Affinity Maturation and/or Fab N-Glycosylation Influence Immunoreactivity toward Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Antigens in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial B Cell Clones
Authors: Corsiero Elisa , Carlotti Emanuela , Jagemann Lucas , Perretti Mauro , Pitzalis Costantino , Bombardieri Michele 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We previously showed that anti–neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-rmAbs derived from CD19+ B cells within RA human synovial tissues frequently react against NETs. In this study, we aimed to characterize the importance of affinity maturation via somatic hypermutation (SHM) within the Ig variable H (VH) and variable L (VL) chains and Fab–N-linked glycosylation in RA synovial B cell clones reactive to NETs and NET-derived Ags such as citrullinated histones. Selected anti-NET RA-rmAbs derived from synovial RA CD19+ B cells were subjected to overlap-PCR to generate germline (GL; VH and VL reverted into GL), hybrid clones (VH/VL region reverted into GL), and N-glycosylation mutants (N→Q) and analyzed for anti-NETs and citrullinated histones (cit-H2B) immunoreactivity. Anti-NET/cit-H2B immunoreactivity of selected RA-rmAbs was abrogated in the VH and VL GL counterpart. In RA B cell hybrid clone RA015/11.88 and RA056/11.23.2, NET and/or cit-H2B immunoreactivity was solely dependent on SHM in the IgVH region whereas RA B cell hybrid clone RA015/11.91 required affinity maturation of both VH and VL for efficient binding to cit-H2B. In 7/80 RA-rmAb, SHM resulted in ex novo N-glycosylation sites in VH and/or VL regions. Removal of Fab-linked glycans in RA056/11.23.2 in the N-mutant counterpart resulted in 90% reduction in immunoreactivity to cit-H2B. Thus, SHM in the IgVH and/or VL regions of RA synovial B cells is necessary for the immunoreactivity to NET-Ags. Fab–N-linked–glycosylation introduction sites are observed in a minority of anti-NET B cell clones but can strongly influence NET-Ag binding.
Single-Legged Hop and Single-Legged Squat Balance Performance in Recreational Athletes With a History of Concussion
Authors: Lynall Robert C. , Campbell Kody R. , Mauntel Timothy C. , Blackburn J. Troy , Mihalik Jason P. 
Published: March 2020

Context
Researchers have suggested that balance deficiencies may linger during functional activities after concussion recovery.

Objective
To determine whether participants with a history of concussion demonstrated dynamic balance deficits as compared with control participants during single-legged hops and single-legged squats.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants
A total of 15 previously concussed participants (6 men, 9 women; age = 19.7 ± 0.9 years, height = 169.2 ± 9.4 cm, mass = 66.0 ± 12.8 kg, median time since concussion = 126 days [range = 28–432 days]) were matched with 15 control participants (6 men, 9 women; age = 19.7 ± 1.6 years, height = 172.3 ± 10.8 cm, mass = 71.0 ± 10.4 kg).

Intervention(s)
During single-legged hops, participants jumped off a 30-cm box placed at 50% of their height behind a force plate, landed on a single limb, and attempted to achieve a stable position as quickly as possible. Participants performed single-legged squats while standing on a force plate.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Time to stabilization (TTS; time for the normalized ground reaction force to stabilize after landing) was calculated during the single-legged hop, and center-of-pressure path and speed were calculated during single-legged squats. Groups were compared using analysis of covariance, controlling for average days since concussion.

Results
The concussion group demonstrated a longer TTS than the control group during the single-legged hop on the nondominant leg (mean difference = 0.35 seconds [95% confidence interval = 0.04, 0.64]; F2,27 = 5.69, P = .02). No TTS differences were observed for the dominant leg (F2,27 = 0.64, P = .43). No group differences were present for the single-legged squat on either leg (P ≥ .11).

Conclusions
Dynamic balance-control deficits after concussion may contribute to an increased musculoskeletal injury risk. Given our findings, we suggest that neuromuscular deficits currently not assessed after concussion may linger. Time to stabilization is a clinically applicable measure that has been used to distinguish patients with various pathologic conditions, such as chronic ankle instability and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, from healthy control participants. Whereas the single-legged squat may not sufficiently challenge balance control, future study of the more dynamic single-legged hop is needed to determine its potential diagnostic and prognostic value after concussion.
The Effects of Eccentric Training on Biceps Femoris Architecture and Strength: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gérard Rémy , Gojon Léo , Decleve Philippe , Van Cant Joachim 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveTo determine the effects of an eccentric hamstrings strength-training program, performed for at least 4 weeks by healthy adults, on muscle architecture and eccentric strength.Data SourcesA systematic search was performed up to October 2018 in the following electronic databases: PubMed, PEDro, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus. Combinations of the following search terms were used: eccentric strength training, eccentric loading, nordic hamstring, hamstring strength, fascicle length, pennation angle, muscle thickness, muscle architecture, biceps femoris long head, biceps femoris, and hamstring muscles.Study SelectionIncluded articles were randomized controlled trials that allowed comparisons between isolated eccentric strength training of the biceps femoris muscle and other programs.Data ExtractionData from the included studies were extracted by 2 independent reviewers. These data included the study design, participant characteristics, inclusion and exclusion criteria of clinical studies, exercise and intervention characteristics, outcome measures, and the main results of the study. When meta-analysis was possible, we performed quantitative analysis. Ten randomized controlled trials were included.Data SynthesisLimited to moderate evidence indicated that eccentric strength training was associated with an increase in fascicle length (mean difference [MD] = 1.97; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.48, 2.46), an increase in muscle thickness (MD = 0.10; 95% CI = 0.06, 0.13), and a decrease in pennation angle (MD = 2.36; 95% CI = 1.61, 3.11). Conflicted to moderate evidence indicated that eccentric hamstrings strength was increased after eccentric strength training compared with concentric strength training (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 1.06; 95% CI = 0.26, 1.86), usual level of activity (SMD = 2.72; 95% CI = 1.68, 3.77), and static stretching (SMD = 0.39; 95% CI = −0.97, 1.75).ConclusionsIn healthy adults, an eccentric strength-training program produced architectural adaptations on the long head of the biceps femoris muscle and increased eccentric hamstrings strength.
Full-genome sequences of the first two SARS-CoV-2 viruses from India
Authors: Yadav Pragya D. , Potdar Varsha A. , Choudhary Manohar Lal , Nyayanit Dimpal A. , Agrawal Megha , Jadhav Santosh M. , Majumdar Triparna D. , Shete-Aich Anita , Basu Atanu , Abraham Priya , Cherian Sarah S. 
Published: March 2020

Background & objectives:
Since December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has globally affected 195 countries. In India, suspected cases were screened for SARS-CoV-2 as per the advisory of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. The objective of this study was to characterize SARS-CoV-2 sequences from three identified positive cases as on February 29, 2020.

Methods:
Throat swab/nasal swab specimens for a total of 881 suspected cases were screened by E gene and confirmed by RdRp (1), RdRp (2) and N gene real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions and next-generation sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis, molecular characterization and prediction of B- and T-cell epitopes for Indian SARS-CoV-2 sequences were undertaken.

Results:
Three cases with a travel history from Wuhan, China, were confirmed positive for SARS-CoV-2. Almost complete (29,851 nucleotides) genomes of case 1, case 3 and a fragmented genome for case 2 were obtained. The sequences of Indian SARS-CoV-2 though not identical showed high (~99.98%) identity with Wuhan seafood market pneumonia virus (accession number: NC 045512). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Indian sequences belonged to different clusters. Predicted linear B-cell epitopes were found to be concentrated in the S1 domain of spike protein, and a conformational epitope was identified in the receptor-binding domain. The predicted T-cell epitopes showed broad human leucocyte antigen allele coverage of A and B supertypes predominant in the Indian population.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The two SARS-CoV-2 sequences obtained from India represent two different introductions into the country. The genetic heterogeneity is as noted globally. The identified B- and T-cell epitopes may be considered suitable for future experiments towards the design of vaccines and diagnostics. Continuous monitoring and analysis of the sequences of new cases from India and the other affected countries would be vital to understand the genetic evolution and rates of substitution of the SARS-CoV-2.
Estado do conhecimento das pesquisas sobre aprendizagem de pessoas jovens e adultas no campo da EJA
Authors: Sanceverino Adriana Regina , Ribeiro Ivanir , Laffin Maria Hermínia Lage Fernandes 
Published: March 2020

O presente artigo resulta de um projeto de pesquisa intitulado “Fundamentos e autores recorrentes do campo da Educação de Jovens e Adultos no Brasil” que busca inventariar, sistematizar e analisar produções acadêmica no campo da EJA, que integra pesquisadores de diversos estados do Brasil e do exterior. Este texto objetiva compreender os principais fundamentos teórico-metodológicos que embasam os estudos sobre a aprendizagem, os autores recorrentes e a trajetória de pesquisa deles e dos orientadores no campo da EJA. Convém ponderar que se trata de abordagem quanti-qualitativa de caráter bibliográfico mediante análise de conteúdo, de natureza inventariante e descritivo da produção acadêmica sobre a temática da aprendizagem na EJA. Conta com o aporte teórico de Romanowski e Ens (2006), Meksenas (2002), Severino (2006) entre outros. Como resultado, destaca-se o número reduzido de artigos identificados nesse levantamento, que tem como foco de análise a aprendizagem de jovens e adultos, o que demonstra uma lacuna nesse campo de pesquisa. O tema aprendizagem ainda demonstra certa invisibilidade no contexto de produção teórica sobre desenvolvimento e aprendizagem, já que essas teorias se referem, historicamente, predominantemente, às crianças e aos adolescentes, sendo muito menos explorados esses processos em relação à vida adulta, o que têm implicações importantes para a EJA, seja em relação às políticas de formação de professores para atuarem nessa modalidade de educação, em relação à inadequação de currículos, de metodologias, de materiais didáticos e das formas de avaliação adotadas.
Elton John's Blue Moves
Authors: Restall Matthew 
Published: March 2020

By 1976, Elton John was the best-selling recording artist and the highest-grossing touring act in the world. With seven #1 albums in a row and a reputation as a riveting piano-pounding performer, the former Reggie Dwight had gone with dazzling speed from the London suburbs to the pinnacles of rock stardom, his songs never leaving the charts, his sold-out shows packed with adoring fans. Then he released Blue Moves, and it all came crashing down.
Was the commercially disappointing and poorly reviewed double album to blame? Can one album shoot down a star? No, argues Matthew Restall; Blue Moves is a four-sided masterpiece, as fantastic as Captain Fantastic, as colorful as Goodbye Yellow Brick Road, a showcase for the three elements—piano-playing troubadour, full orchestra, rock band—with which Elton John and his collaborators redirected the evolution of popular music. Instead, both album and career were derailed by a perfect storm of circumstances: Elton’s decisions to stop touring and start his own label; the turbulent shiftings of popular culture in the punk era; the minefield of attitudes towards celebrity and sexuality. The closer we get to Blue Moves, the better we understand the world into which it was born—and vice versa. Might that be true of all albums?
Global partitioning of runoff generation mechanisms using remote sensing data
Authors: Lucey Joseph T. D. , Reager John T. , Lopez Sonya R. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. A set of complex processes contribute to generate river runoff, which in the hydrological sciences are typically divided into two major categories: surface runoff, sometimes called Hortonian flow, and baseflow-driven runoff or Dunne flow. In this study, we examine the covariance of global satellite-based surface water inundation (SWI) observations with two remotely sensed hydrological variables, precipitation, and terrestrial water storage, to better understand how apparent runoff generation responds to these two dominant forcing mechanisms in different regions of the world. Terrestrial water storage observations come from NASA’s Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission, while precipitation comes from the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) combined product, and surface inundation levels from the NASA Surface WAter Microwave Product Series (SWAMPS) product. We evaluate the statistical relationship between surface water inundation, total water storage anomalies (TWS; TWSAs), and precipitation values under different time lag and quality control adjustments between the data products. We find that the global estimation of surface inundation improves when considering a quality control threshold of 50 % reliability for the SWAMPS data and after applying time lags ranging from 1 to 5 months. Precipitation and total water storage equally control the majority of surface inundation developments across the globe. The model tends to underestimate and overestimate at locations with high interannual variability and with low inundation measurements, respectively.
Numerical Study for Two-Phase Flow with Gravity in Homogeneous and Piecewise-Homogeneous Porous Media
Authors: Araujo Isamara L. N. , Rodríguez-Bermúdez Panters , Rodríguez-Núñez Yoisell 
Published: March 2020

In this work we study two-phase flow with gravity either in 1-rock homogeneous media or 2-rocks composed media, this phenomenon can be modeled by a non-linear scalar conservation law with continuous flux function or discontinuous flux function, respectively. Our study is essentially from a numerical point of view, we apply the new Lagrangian-Eulerian finite difference method developed by Abreu and Pérez and the Lax-Friedrichs classic method to obtain numerical entropic solutions. Comparisons between numerical and analytical solutions show the efficiency of the methods even for discontinuous flux function.
Estimation of nitrogen leaching load from agricultural fields in the Puck Commune with an interactive calculator
Authors: Dybowski Dawid , Dzierzbicka-Glowacka Lidia Anita , Pietrzak Stefan , Juszkowska Dominika , Puszkarczuk Tadeusz 
Published: March 2020

Background
Nutrient leaching from agricultural fields is one of the main causes of pollution and eutrophication of the Baltic Sea. The quantity of nitrogen (N) leached from a particular field can be very different from the amount of N leached from other fields in a given region or even within a single farm. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate the quantity of N leached for each field separately.

Methods
An opinion poll has been conducted on 31 farms within the Puck Commune, which is approximately 3.6% of all farms located in this commune. Farmers provided data on the manner of fertilizing and cultivating crops on all their farms. For each field individually, on the basis of collected data, an estimated amount of the N leaching from the field has been determined.

Results
An interactive calculator to assist farmers in determining the quantity of N leaching from the agricultural field has been developed. The influence of factors shaping the amount of N leaching from a single field has been analyzed, and it has been determined that autumn plowing (specifically its absence) and the type of cultivated soil had the greatest average influence on this value in the studied sample.

Discussion
Due to the possible ways of reducing N leaching from agricultural fields, most of the studied fields were fertilized in an appropriate manner. However, in the studied sample there were fields for which the fertilization intensity significantly exceeded the recommended doses. In this context, a tool in the form of an interactive, easy-to-use N leaching calculator should help farmers to select appropriate doses and optimal fertilization practices.
Metal and Metal Oxide Electrocatalysts for Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Amini Kiana , Gostick Jeff , Pritzker Mark D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRedox flow batteries (RFBs) are one of the promising technologies for large‐scale energy storage applications. For practical implementation of RFBs, it is of great interest to improve their efficiency and reduce their cost. One of the key components of RFBs that can greatly influence the efficiency and final cost is the electrode. The chemical and structural nature of electrodes can modify the kinetics of redox reactions and the accessibility of the electroactive species to available active sites. The ideal electrocatalyst for RFBs must have good activity for the desirable redox reaction, provide a high surface area, and exhibit sufficient conductivity and durability over repeated use. One strategy is to coat the electrode with metal and metal oxide electrocatalysts. Metal electrocatalysts have the advantage of high conductivity, while metal oxide catalysts are usually less expensive and so more economically attractive. In order to gain a better understanding of the performance of the electrocatalysts in RFBs, a comprehensive review of the progress in the development of metal and metal oxide electrocatalysts for RFBs is provided and a critical comparison of the latest developments is presented. Finally, practical recommendations for advancement of electrocatalysts and effective transfer of knowledge in this field are provided.
Monolithic Chalcogenide Optical Nanocomposites Enable Infrared System Innovation: Gradient Refractive Index Optics
Authors: Kang Myungkoo , Sisken Laura , Lonergan Charmayne , Buff Andrew , Yadav Anupama , Goncalves Claudia , Blanco Cesar , Wachtel Peter , Musgraves J. David , Pogrebnyakov Alexej V. , Baleine Erwan , Rivero‐Baleine Clara , Mayer Theresa S. , Pantano Carlo G. , Richardson Kathleen A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe size and weight of conventional imaging systems is defined by costly non‐planar lenses and the complex lens assemblies required to minimize optical aberrations. The ability to engineer gradient refractive index (GRIN) optics has the potential to overcome constraints of traditional homogeneous lenses by reducing the number of components in optical systems. Here, an innovative strategy to realize this goal based on monolithic GRIN media created in Ge‐As‐Se‐Pb chalcogenide infrared nanocomposites is presented. A gradient heat treatment to spatially modulate the volume fraction of high refractive index Pb‐rich nanocrystals within a glass matrix is utilized, providing a GRIN profile while maintaining an optical transparency. A first‐ever correlation of material chemistry and microstructure, processing protocol, and optical property modification resulting in a prototype GRIN structure is presented. The integrated approach and mechanistic understanding illustrated by this versatile modification paradigm provides a platform for new optical functionalities in next‐generation imaging applications.
Tracking Neoantigens by Personalized Circulating Tumor DNA Sequencing during Checkpoint Blockade Immunotherapy in Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Jia Qingzhu , Chiu Luting , Wu Shuangxiu , Bai Jian , Peng Lina , Zheng Linpeng , Zang Rui , Li Xueqin , Yuan Bibo , Gao Yixing , Wu Dingyong , Li Xiaohong , Wu Lin , Sun Jianguo , He Ji , Robinson Bruce W. S. , Zhu Bo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe evolutionary dynamics of tumor‐associated neoantigens carry information about drug sensitivity and resistance to the immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). However, the spectrum of somatic mutations is highly heterogeneous among patients, making it difficult to track neoantigens by circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) sequencing using “one size fits all” commercial gene panels. Thus, individually customized panels (ICPs) are needed to track neoantigen evolution comprehensively during ICB treatment. Dominant neoantigens are predicted from whole exome sequencing data for treatment‐naïve tumor tissues. Panels targeting predicted neoantigens are used for personalized ctDNA sequencing. Analyzing ten patients with non‐small cell lung cancer, ICPs are effective for tracking most predicted dominant neoantigens (80–100%) in serial peripheral blood samples, and to detect substantially more genes (18–30) than the capacity of current commercial gene panels. A more than 50% decrease in ctDNA concentration after eight weeks of ICB administration is associated with favorable progression‐free survival. Furthermore, at the individual level, the magnitude of the early ctDNA response is correlated with the subsequent change in tumor burden. The application of ICP‐based ctDNA sequencing is expected to improve the understanding of ICB‐driven tumor evolution and to provide personalized management strategies that optimize the clinical benefits of immunotherapies.
Tungsten Dichalcogenide Nanoflake/InGaZnO Thin‐Film Heterojunction for Photodetector, Inverter, and AC Rectifier Circuits
Authors: Lee Silah , Lee Han Sol , Yu Sanghyuck , Park Ji Hoon , Bae Heesun , Im Seongil 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHeterojunction PN diode and inverter circuits are fabricated and presented, combining two‐dimensional WSe2 nanoflake and amorphous InGaZnO (a‐IGZO) thin film on a glass substrate. A heterojunction p‐WSe2/n‐IGZO diode exhibits rectifying characteristics and effectively responds to red light (λ = 620 nm) under a reverse bias. The combination of a heterojunction PN diode and IGZO field effect transistor (FET) leads to a diode‐load inverter showing a peak voltage gain of about 12 at a supply voltage of 5 V. The same integration from the PN diode and n‐FET displays the capability of visible light detection when a reverse‐bias voltage is applied to the PN diode. Furthermore, after oxygen plasma treatment on the PN diode, it shows dramatically enhanced on/off rectification ratio of ≈5 × 105 due to the hole doping effect on the WSe2 nanoflake. Such an improved PN diode leads to an alternating current rectifier circuit as integrated with IGZO FET.