bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Models of prescribing, scope of practice, and medicines prescribed, a survey of nurse practitioners
Authors: Fong Jacqueline , Cashin Andrew , Buckley Thomas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore current Australian Nurse Practitioners (NPs) models of prescribing used and medicines prescribed within their scopes of practice.DesignDescriptive online electronic national survey.MethodsAn online survey of Australian NPs was conducted in 2017. A total of 252 NP participants reported on their current prescribing practices.ResultsParticipants reported prescribing via three prescribing models with autonomous prescribing the most frequently used, followed by prescribing under supervision and prescribing under a structured arrangement. Participants reported prescribing 298 separate medications, representative of all major drug classifications from the Australian Medicines Handbook.ConclusionsNPs appear to engage in several modes of prescribing as relevant to their context of practice with most NPs prescribing using all models of prescribing at different times. Findings also highlight the diversity of and breath of the medicines that NP prescribes and highlight the need for NPs to have broad capability in relation to the quality use of medicines, irrespective of specialty or location of practice.ImpactFindings of this research add to the international literature on NP prescribing and through identification of models of prescribing and medicines prescribed inform future NP education and policy.
Impact of risk‐factor modification on arrhythmia recurrence among morbidly obese patients undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation
Authors: Donnellan Eoin , Wazni Oussama M. , Kanj Mohamed , Elshazly Mohamed , Hussein Ayman A. , Patel Divyang R. , Trulock Kevin , Wilner Bryan , Baranowski Bryan , Cantillon Daniel J , Varma Niraj , Jaber Wael , Saliba Walid I. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundMorbid obesity is associated with prohibitively high arrhythmia recurrence rates following atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation.DesignThis was a single‐center study comprising 239 patients with morbid obesity and symptomatic paroxysmal or persistent AF undergoing AF ablation compared to 239 patients with a body mass index less than 30 kg/m2 matched based on age, sex, ejection fraction, AF type, presence and type of heart failure, and left atrial volume index.MethodsOur primary outcome of interest was arrhythmia recurrence.ResultsDuring a mean follow‐up of 29 months, arrhythmia recurrence was observed in 65% of the morbidly obese cohort compared to 27% of the control group (P < .0001). Among those with morbid obesity, sleep apnea screening, and treatment (91% vs 40%; P < .0001), blood pressure control (62% vs 53%; P = .001), glycemic control (85% vs 56%; P = .004), and weight loss more than equal to 5% (33% vs 57% in those who lost less than 5% and 83% in those who gained weight, P < .0001) were associated with lower arrhythmia recurrence. Recurrent arrhythmia was observed in one (4%) patient who accomplished all four goals, compared to 36% who achieved 3 of 4, 85% who modified 2 of 4%, and 97% of those who modified zero or one risk‐factor. Risk‐factor modification (RFM) was also associated with substantial reductions in the need for repeat ablation or direct‐current cardioversion and arrhythmia‐related hospitalization (P < .0001).ConclusionRFM through pragmatic noninvasive means such as blood pressure and glycemic control, sleep apnea screening and treatment, and weight loss is associated with substantially lower rates of recurrent arrhythmia among morbidly obese patients undergoing AF ablation.
Computer‐aided assessment of the chemokine receptors CXCR3, CXCR4 and CXCR7 expression in gallbladder carcinoma
Authors: Yu Xiao , Lu Wei , Ng Chan Way , Xu Shuoyu , Wu Yao , Chen Shili , Gao Yuren , Zhang Yijian , Zhang Qingqing , Xu Yuzhen , Liu Yingbin , Li Sheng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is a vicious and invasive disease. The major challenge in the clinical treatment of GBC is the lack of a suitable prognosis method. Chemokine receptors such as CXCR3, CXCR4 and CXCR7 play vital roles in the process of tumour progression and metastasis. Their expression levels and distribution are proven to be indicative of the progression of GBC, but are hard to be decoded by conventional pathological methods, and therefore, not commonly used in the prognosis of GBC. In this study, we developed a computer‐aided image analysis method, which we used to quantitatively measure the expression levels of CXCR3, CXCR4 and CXCR7 in the nuclei and cytoplasm of glandular and interstitial cells from a cohort of 55 GBC patients. We found that CXCR3, CXCR4 and CXCR7 expressions are associated with the clinicopathological variables of GBC. Cytoplasmic CXCR3, nuclear CXCR7 and cytoplasmic CXCR7 were significant predictive factors of histology invasion, whereas cytoplasmic CXCR4 and nuclear CXCR4 were significantly correlated with T and N stage and were associated with the overall survival and disease‐free survival. These results suggest that the quantification and localisation of CXCR3, CXCR4 and CXCR7 expressions in different cell types should be considered using computer‐aided assessment to improve the accuracy of prognosis in GBC.
Illustrating the importance of meta‐analysing variances alongside means in ecology and evolution
Authors: Sánchez‐Tójar Alfredo , Moran Nicholas P. , O’Dea Rose E. , Reinhold Klaus , Nakagawa Shinichi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMeta‐analysis is increasingly used in biology to both quantitatively summarize available evidence for specific questions and generate new hypotheses. Although this powerful tool has mostly been deployed to study mean effects, there is untapped potential to study effects on (trait) variance. Here, we use a recently published data set as a case study to demonstrate how meta‐analysis of variance can be used to provide insights into biological processes. This data set included 704 effect sizes from 89 studies, covering 56 animal species, and was originally used to test developmental stress effects on a range of traits. We found that developmental stress not only negatively affects mean trait values, but also increases trait variance, mostly in reproduction, showcasing how meta‐analysis of variance can reveal previously overlooked effects. Furthermore, we show how meta‐analysis of variance can be used as a tool to help meta‐analysts make informed methodological decisions, even when the primary focus is on mean effects. We provide all data and comprehensive R scripts with detailed explanations to make it easier for researchers to conduct this type of analysis. We encourage meta‐analysts in all disciplines to move beyond the world of means and start unravelling secrets of the world of variance.
Bleaching of severely darkened nonvital tooth case report—48 months clinical control
Authors: Machado Alana C. , Braga Sheila R. M. , Ferreira Daniele , Jacintho Felipe F. , Scaramucci Tais , Sobral Maria Angela P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo record in detail, the long‐term success of a bleaching treatment employing hydrogen peroxide in a severely darkened tooth.Clinical considerationsTooth discoloration is an important aesthetic complain of patients. Because it is a relatively common condition, different materials and techniques capable of restoring the tooth color in a minimally invasive, conservative, and longstanding manner were developed. In this case, it was used the association between mediate (walking bleach) and immediate (internal/external) bleaching techniques using hydrogen peroxide as the main agent.ConclusionThe association of techniques was a conservative therapeutic solution to restore the natural color of the right upper central incisor, which was darkened after an endodontic treatment performed more than twenty years ago. The bleaching protocol used presented no risk to the patient, such as cervical resorption and the color was stable over a 48 months period, showing the success of the protocol proposed for this case.Clinical significanceThere is a possibility to severely darkened teeth receive an adequate bleaching treatment protocol, which can successfully restore the aesthetics and natural color in a conservative and long lasting way.
Prophylactic clipping not effective in preventing post‐polypectomy bleeding for < 20‐mm colon polyps: A multicenter, open‐label, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Inoue Takuya , Ishihara Ryu , Nishida Tsutomu , Akasaka Tomofumi , Hayashi Yoshito , Nakamatsu Dai , Ogiyama Hideharu , Yamaguchi Shinjiro , Yamamoto Katsumi , Mukai Akira , Kinoshita Kazuo , Yakushijin Takayuki , Iijima Hideki , Takehara Tetsuo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and AimProphylactic clipping (PC) after polypectomy has the potential to prevent post‐polypectomy bleeding (PPB). We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PC in preventing PPB for < 20‐mm polyps.MethodsThis multicenter, open‐label, randomized controlled trial conducted from December 2013 to June 2017 at 10 institutions randomly assigned 1080 patients with < 20‐mm colon polyps to the non‐PC and PC groups. Allocation factors were institution, antiplatelet drug use, and polyp number. The primary endpoint was differences in PPB rates between the groups. The severity of PPB and post‐procedural abdominal symptoms were also investigated. These endpoints in intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol (PP) analyses were evaluated.ResultsWe investigated 1039 patients with 2960 lesions. There was no significant difference between the groups in characteristics including age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, antiplatelet drug use, and lesion characteristics such as type and size. Excluding the clip used in the non‐PC group, intraoperative bleeding, and deviation of protocol, 903 patients were investigated in PP analysis. There was no significant difference in the PPB rate between the non‐PC and PC groups (2.7% vs 2.3%, P = 0.6973 [intention‐to‐treat analysis]; 3.0 vs 2.4%, P = 0.7353 [PP analysis]). Severe PPB (≥ grade 3) was similar between the groups. Total procedure time was significantly shorter in the non‐PC group than in the PC group (31 vs 36 min, P = 0.0002). Post‐procedural abdominal fullness was less common in the non‐PC group than in the PC group (20.8% vs 25.6%, P = 0.0833).ConclusionProphylactic clipping is not effective in preventing PBB for < 20‐mm colon polyps (UMIN000012163).
Validation of the Italian version of the Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth Health Index
Authors: Pisciotta Chiara , Ciafaloni Emma , Zuccarino Riccardo , Calabrese Daniela , Saveri Paola , Fenu Silvia , Tramacere Irene , Genovese Filippo , Dilek Nuran , Johnson Nicholas E. , Heatwole Chad , Herrmann David N. , Pareyson Davide ,   ACT‐CMT Study Group
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth Health Index (CMT‐HI) is a disease‐specific patient‐reported outcome measure measuring overall disease burden in Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth (CMT) patients, designed for natural history studies and clinical trials in English‐speaking affected individuals. We developed and validated its Italian Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth Health Index (I‐CMT‐HI) version. The questionnaire was translated and culturally adapted from source into Italian by two neurologists experienced in CMT and neuromuscular disorders (NMDs). The two translations were reviewed by a panel of seven experts in CMT and NMD. The provisional version was back‐translated into English by a professional translator. The definitive Italian version was developed during a consensus teleconference by the panel and a patient representative from ACMT‐Rete. A series of clinically and genetically characterized CMT patients completed the final questionnaire; 11 participated in a test‐retest reliability assessment of the instrument. The I‐CMT‐HI was administered to 30 CMT patients (13 CMT1A, eight CMTX1, two CMT1B, two CMT1E, two CMT2I, one CMT2A, one CMT2N, one distal Hereditary Motor Neuropathy), with test‐rest in 11:14 females and 16 males, aged (mean ± SD) 48.0 ± 16.4 years (range 18‐81), with CMT Examination Score (CMTES) = 10.0 ± 4.4 (range 2‐18). The I‐CMT‐HI mean total score was 29.4 ± 21.2 (range 0.1‐60.3). The I‐CMT‐HI showed a high test‐retest reliability: intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.95 (95% confidence interval, 0.84‐0.99). No patient had difficulty in completing the questionnaire and none reported any problem with the questions' formulation. The total CMT‐HI score was positively correlated with age and CMTES, with higher disease burden with increasing age and disease severity according to the CMTES. The I‐CMT‐HI is now ready for use in clinical studies in the Italian population.
WHAT DETERMINES THE ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION BETWEEN CAPITAL AND LABOR? A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Knoblach Michael , Stöckl Fabian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper provides the first comprehensive review of the empirical and theoretical literature on the determinants of the elasticity of substitution between capital and labor. Our focus is on the two‐input constant elasticity of substitution (CES) production function. We start by presenting four concise observations that summarize the empirical literature on the estimation of . Motivated by these observations, the main part of this survey then focuses on potential determinants of capital–labor substitution. We first review several approaches to the microfoundation of production functions where the elasticity of substitution (EOS) is treated as a purely technological parameter. Second, we outline the construction of an aggregate elasticity of substitution (AES) in a multi‐sectoral framework and investigate its dependence on underlying intra‐ and inter‐sectoral substitution. Third, we discuss the influence of the institutional framework on the extent of factor substitution. Overall, this survey highlights that the effective elasticity of substitution (EES), which is typically estimated in empirical studies, is generally not an immutable deep parameter but depends on a multitude of technological, non‐technological, and institutional determinants. Based on these insights, the final section identifies a number of potential empirical and theoretical avenues for future research.
Concomitant overexpression of Activin A and p63 is associated with poor outcome in oral cancer patients
Authors: Mundhe Dhanashree , Waghole Rohit , Pawar Sagar , Mishra Rupa , Shetty Arusha , Gera Poonam , Kannan Sadhana , Teni Tanuja 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aims to comprehensively analyze expression of Activin signaling components in oral cancer and to determine the predominant Activin expressed and its influence on prognosis. As our preliminary studies indicated regulation of Activin gene by p63, we also propose to assess its correlation with p63/p53 in oral tumors and its impact on outcome.MethodsExpression of Activin subunits, receptors, and regulators was assessed by qRT‐PCR and Western blotting. Correlation between Activin A and p63/p53 expression was evaluated in oral tumors by immunohistochemistry and their association with clinical outcome was determined by Kaplan‐Meier curves and Cox regression.ResultsActivin βA transcripts were upregulated (P = .013) in oral dysplastic and cancer cells compared with normal oral mucosa. Expression of Activin receptors and regulators was also altered. Activin βA protein was significantly upregulated in oral tumors and adjacent normal tissues compared with normal oral mucosa (P < .0001). Expression of Activin βA and p63 significantly correlated in oral tumors, correlation being stronger in tumors with high p53 (r = −.394,P = .005). Activin βA overexpression was associated with advanced tumor stage (P = .021), positive nodes (P = .045), poor recurrence‐free survival (P = .013), and overall survival (P = .024), while its concomitant overexpression with p63 was a better predictor of recurrence‐free survival (HR = 10.66, CI: 1.41‐80.19).ConclusionsActivin A overexpression is an early event in oral cancer pathogenesis and can independently predict survival. Moreover, in combination with p63 overexpression, it served as a better marker for poor prognosis. Activin A could thus be a promising target for improved outcome in oral cancer patients.
Integrating Health Literacy Into Core Curriculum: A Teacher‐Driven Pilot Initiative for Second Graders
Authors: Aghazadeh Sarah A. , Aldoory Linda , Mills Tamara 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDLimited research has addressed the effects of health literacy interventions in elementary schools. However, school‐aged children's health literacy is critical because children make decisions about their health every day. The purpose of the pilot project was to explore the feasibility of integrated health literacy lesson plans for second graders.METHODSA pretest‐posttest evaluation was conducted with second grade students following implementation of health literacy lessons that were integrated into core curriculum (language arts, science, and social studies).RESULTSHealth educators, a hospital/health care system, and a school district developed a partnership. A research team of teachers, administrators, health literacy experts and health care organizations designed and implemented health literacy lesson plans. A developmentally appropriate measure of health literacy was adapted from the Newest Vital Sign. Data showed that students' health literacy scores significantly increased after implementation of 4 lesson plans.CONCLUSIONSThis was an exploratory, pilot project that provided a useful starting point for discussing how to integrate health literacy into elementary school curriculum. An interdisciplinary team developed integrated health literacy materials that acknowledged the needs of teachers, the resources available, and the developmental stages of children. This intervention serves as a model for future health literacy initiatives in schools.
The Sexual Assault Forensic Examination Telehealth (SAFE‐T) Center: A Comprehensive, Nurse‐led Telehealth Model to Address Disparities in Sexual Assault Care
Authors: Miyamoto Sheridan , Thiede Elizabeth , Dorn Lorah , Perkins Daniel F. , Bittner Cynthia , Scanlon Dennis 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundRural and underserved communities often struggle to provide access to specialized health care, including sexual assault care. Telehealth is an effective solution for providing access to an array of specialized health care services. Prior sexual assault telehealth programs have provided evidence that telehealth is a feasible and acceptable solution. However, there is scant information about program development and considerations in the literature to guide those who may seek to implement a sexual assault telehealth program in their communities.PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the Sexual Assault Forensic Examination Telehealth (SAFE‐T) Center—a nurse‐led model for providing comprehensive, high‐quality sexual assault care in rural and underserved communities recently implemented at 3 hospitals in rural Pennsylvania.MethodsUsing the program's logic model, we present our community‐engaged approach to the development and implementation phases of the SAFE‐T Center.FindingsWe first describe how academic researchers partnered with multiple stakeholders to form a statewide advisory board and articulated a vision and mission for the SAFE‐T Center that meets the needs of local communities. We then describe the overall design of the model, how it was informed by this academic‐community partnership, and how each element relates to anticipated outcomes. We also present our plans for program evaluation, expansion, and sustainability.ConclusionThis detailed description of collaborative partnership, coalition‐building, program design and implementation can serve as a guide for hospitals and health systems seeking to implement telehealth programs to improve the care provided to survivors of sexual assault.
Mucosal‐associated invariant T‐cells are severely reduced and exhausted in humans with chronic HBV infection
Authors: Huang Wenyong , He Wenjing , Shi Xiaomin , Ye Qianyu , He Xiaoshun , Dou Lang , Gao Yifang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChronic hepatitis B virus (CHBV) infection is a major cause of liver diseases. Mucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are important for antiviral immunity in the liver, but the distinction between intrasinusoidal and peripheral MAIT cells in patients with CHBV infections remains unclear. PBMCs were obtained from patients with CHBV infections (n = 29) and age‐matched controls (n = 46). Liver‐associated mononuclear cells (LMCs) were collected from healthy donors (n = 29) and explanted livers (n = 19) from patients and used for phenotypic, functional and TCR diversity analyses. The percentages of both peripheral and intrasinusoidal MAIT cells were significantly reduced in the CHBV infection group compared to the control group. Peripheral MAIT cells from CHBV‐infected patients expressed higher levels of HLA‐DR, CD69, CD38 and PD‐1 than those of controls. We also confirmed that peripheral MAIT cells in HBV patients had elevated expression T‐cell exhaustion genes. Except for a difference in the level of PD‐1, no differences were observed between the liver MAIT cells of the two groups. The production of IFN‐α in peripheral MAIT cells of CHBV infection patients was lower than in control patients, but no such difference was observed in liver MAIT cells. Additionally, a distinct TCR signature was found in CHBV patients. Hence, we found distinct activities and functions in liver and peripheral MAIT cells of patients with CHBV infections.
A wireless endoscopy capsule suitable for imaging of the equine stomach and small intestine
Authors: Steinmann Mei , Bezugley Rebecca J. , Bond Stephanie L. , Pomrantz Jill S. , Léguillette Renaud 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundCapsule endoscopy offers a new method for visualization of the gastrointestinal mucosa in horses where other imaging technologies have diagnostic limitations.ObjectivesTo (1) test the feasibility of using this novel endoscopy capsule to visualize intestinal mucosa in horses, including an objective assessment of image quality, (2) assess how changes in preadministration preparation affect the transit time and the amount of gastrointestinal mucosa visualized, and (3) describe intestinal mucosa lesions in healthy horses.AnimalsFive healthy adult horses.MethodsThree protocols were used in a crossover study design. Protocols varied in time fasted, amount of oral fluid administered, and exercise. Manure was radiographically inspected for capsule recovery. Percentage of visible gastrointestinal mucosa was objectively assessed.ResultsDetailed images of the gastrointestinal mucosa were recorded with all 3 protocols, including images of the pylorus, major duodenal papilla, individual villi, and ileocecal junction. Visualization of large intestinal mucosa was poor. Interobserver agreement on image quality was excellent. Capsule administration after feed withholding for 24 hours provided the greatest percentage of visible mucosa in the stomach and small intestine. Total transit time to capsule excretion was 6.5 (3‐8.75) days. Of 15 capsules administered, 3 were not recovered. Lesions visualized included mucosal erosion, ulceration and hemorrhage, areas of thickened mucosa, and evidence of parasitism.ConclusionsThis novel endoscopic capsule appears safe, practical, and noninvasive in horses; however, variability in capsule excretion time must be taken into account for clinical application.