bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ipilimumab/nivolumab‐induced pseudolymphoma in a patient with malignant melanoma
Authors: Ayoubi Noura , Haque Adel , Vera Nora , Ma Sophia , Messina Jane , Khushalani Nikhil , Seminario‐Vidal Lucia 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCombination therapy with ipilimumab and nivolumab is an adjuvant treatment approach for metastatic melanoma that boasts increased 3‐year survival when compared with a single immunotherapy agent. Combination therapy, however, is associated with increased toxicities, especially cutaneous side‐effects. Here we present a patient with metastatic melanoma and a sudden eruption of painful nodules on the face and arms 10 days after the administration of the fourth dose of combination ipilimumab/nivolumab. Biopsies demonstrated lymphoid hyperplasia, not clinically or pathologically consistent with an infectious, malignant or autoimmune etiology; a diagnosis of pseudolymphoma secondary to ipilimumab/nivolumab was made. After a steroid taper, the lesions resolved, and the patient was restarted on nivolumab monotherapy 2 weeks later without recurrence of symptoms or disease.
Social accountability in metropolitan cities: Strategies and legacies in Delhi and São Paulo
Authors: Houtzager Peter P. , Acharya Arnab K. , Amancio Julia , Chowdhury Aheli , Dowbor Monika , Pande Suchi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMotivationSocial accountability by civil society is an important part of strengthening democratic governance and improving the delivery of public services.PurposeThe article documents the landscape of social accountability in two metropolitan cities. We identify widespread and contrasting forms of activism by the poor in metropolitan Delhi and São Paulo to improve public services, and a mix of factors that allow and impel the poor to engage in social accountability. While impact evaluation studies have identified accountability tools that can, in certain contexts, help improve public services, and case studies have explored accountability campaigns, neither has sought to examine and explain how widespread activism is, its intensity and which strategies are commonly used.Approach and methodsThe study is built on an unusual set of nested comparisons and survey method, comparing accountability activism in Delhi and São Paulo, services in healthcare and social assistance, and 40 low‐income micro‐regions of each city. We leverage these comparisons to identify causal factors that produce the patterns of activism we find. We conducted a survey of civil society leaders in each of these micro‐regions.FindingsWe find that accountability activism is high on the civil society agenda—it is common in almost all low‐income regions of Delhi and São Paulo. Its intensity and strategies vary in unexpected ways across the cities and services, suggesting that no single set of factors can explain all three features of activism. The type of service, presence of translocal actors, and institutions that seek to give citizens greater access to, and control over, government all shape different aspects of accountability activism. Going further along the causal chain, we argue that differences in the presence of translocal actors and institutional context are the legacy of earlier cycles of civil society mobilization.Policy implicationsInitiatives to introduce or support social accountability, and research on the topic, need to take account of the various causes of different aspects of accountability, and to take into account the historical formation of the landscape of activism in which they work.
A field cage study of the optimal age for release of radio‐sterilized Aedes albopictus mosquitoes in a sterile insect technique program
Authors: Iyaloo Diana Pillay , Oliva Clelia , Facknath Sunita , Bheecarry Ambicadutt 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe use of the sterile insect technique (SIT) is being considered as an additional tool for the control of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae), the vector of Chikungunya and Dengue viruses in Mauritius. The aim of this study was to assess the competitiveness value of sterile males of different age and under various release conditions. Three release ratios were tested with sterile males of either 1, 3, or 5 days old at release. The competition of sterile males against same age or a mixed age population of fertile males (which is more representative of the field situation) was also investigated. The participation in mating (observed through single female oviposition), the average‐induced sterility, and the male competitiveness index indicated that 3‐day‐old sterile males have the best balance between survival and mating capacity, and should therefore be the favored age of release in the field. Reduction in the cage fertility was obtained at 5‐to‐1 release ratio; however, it is speculated that at least a 10‐fold ratio of sterile‐to‐fertile males should be chosen to induce substantial sterility in the wild Ae. albopictus population in the SIT pilot release site in Mauritius. Interestingly, this study showed for the first time that the age of the fertile male population against which the sterile males compete is a very important parameter that can significantly affect the sexual performance of sterile males, leading to overestimation of their competitiveness values.
Can online annual general meetings increase shareholders’ participation in corporate governance?
Authors: Gao Huasheng , Huang Jun , Zhang Tianshu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe find that annual shareholder meetings conducted online can significantly increase the participation of shareholders, especially minority shareholders. This finding is more evident when the cost of physically attending the annual meeting is higher and when the firm's ownership is more dispersed. We further document significant positive stock returns when firms initiate annual online meetings. We also find that such online meetings help improve corporate governance. Overall, we provide evidence that online shareholder meetings provide shareholders a cost‐effective way to participate in governance issues.
Should you repeat mismatch repair testing in cases of tumour recurrence? An evaluation of repeat mismatch repair testing by the use of immunohistochemistry in recurrent tumours of the gastrointestinal and gynaecological tracts
Authors: Aird John J , Steel Michael J , Chow Christine , Ho Julie , Wolber Robert , Gilks C Blake , Hoang Lynn N , Schaeffer David F 
Published: November 2019

AimsThe role of mismatch repair (MMR) testing has evolved from identifying Lynch syndrome patients to predicting response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. This has led to requests from clinicians to retest recurrences of MMR‐proficient primary tumours in the hope that the recurrence may show a different MMR status and qualify the patient for treatment. We aimed to determine whether repeat testing is warranted.Methods and resultsWe evaluated recurrent tumours (local recurrences or metastases) from 137 patients with MMR‐proficient primary tumours of the gastrointestinal and gynaecological tracts. The local recurrences and metastases all occurred at least 30 days after resection of the primary tumour. We used a combination of a tissue microarray and whole slide staining to perform immunohistochemistry (IHC) for PMS2, MLH1, MSH2, and MSH6, and compared the results with the MMR status of the primary tumour. Three of 137 (2%) initially showed a discordant staining pattern. However, further investigation showed that these discordances were attributable to some of the known pitfalls associated with MMR IHC interpretation – post‐radiotherapy loss of MSH6 expression and subclonal loss of MLH1 staining. We did not identify any cases with a genuine discordance in MMR status.ConclusionWe conclude that repeat MMR IHC testing of recurrences is not warranted, as MMR status does not change relative to that of the primary tumour.
A reference isotope dilution headspace GC/MS method for the determination of nitrite and nitrate in meat samples
Authors: Luckovitch Natasha , Pagliano Enea 
Published: November 2019

SummaryA novel method for the determination of nitrite and nitrate in meat products is presented. The samples were ground and extracted in hot water with the presence of and internal standards. The solution was buffered with sodium bicarbonate and reacted with triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate to convert nitrite and nitrate into EtNO2 and EtONO2. Such derivatives could be detected by headspace GC/MS in positive chemical ionisation mode with 0.05 µg g−1 and 1.0 µg g−1 LOD. The method was used for and quantitation in the 0.5‐300 and 2.5‐300 µg g−1 ranges. The method was applied for the analysis of fifteen meat products. Despite minimal sample preparation, the headspace sampling ensured a clean chromatography for over 135 analyses (throughput ten samples per hour). The proposed method offers selective GC/MS detection combined with high‐precision isotope dilution calibration, it is suitable for metrological applications and can support regulations on meat safety (European Commission, 2011).
Multiple‐response anti‐counterfeiting realized in CaYAl3O7 host with the dual coexistence of Eu2+/Eu3+
Authors: Yang Xiuxia , Zhao Lei , Zeng Wei , Liu Zhichao , Fan Xiaotong , Tian Shuyu , Zhang Hao , Xu Xuhui , Qiu Jianbei , Yu Xue 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFluorescent anti‐counterfeiting technologies have become indispensable by virtue of their high concealment properties. In this work, the observation of the characteristic emission originated from Eu2+ and Eu3+ ions in CaYAl3O7 realizes a dual‐mode anti‐counterfeiting strategy. The host matrix provides an environment, where blue and red emission could be manipulated with the introduction of Nd3+ ions for the reduced occupation of Eu3+ in the sites of Y3+ ions. Moreover, the photoluminescence spectra of these samples exhibit time and temperature‐dependent dynamic changes thanks to the capture and release of carriers in the reconstructed traps induced by Nd3+ ions. Herein, a multi‐stimuli responsive dynamic and static anti‐counterfeiting could be achieved in this work.
Enhanced luminescence of manganese in singly doped white light zinc phosphate glass
Authors: Mao Wei , Cai Muzhi , Xie Wenqing , Li Panpan , Xu Shiqing , Zhang Junjie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOn the basis of a kind of zinc phosphate oxynitride glass matrix with a broadband blue light, a series of manganese single‐doped glasses were obtained. A broader red emission with the higher intensity belonging to the Mn2+ ion was observed in this glass matrix. The mechanism of the emission from Mn2+ ions was clarified through Mn3+ as an “energy acquisition probe” to replace complex dynamic luminescence discussion, which was a fit explanation for the differences in luminescence behavior of Mn ions in prepared glasses at different degrees of redox. The research results indicated that the prepared manganese‐doped glass was a potential candidate as phosphor‐converted white‐light‐emitting diodes. An encapsulated white‐light‐emitting diode device based on this glass with 276 nm ultraviolet chip was achieved. It showed the CIE values of (0.33, 0.35), high CRI (Ra = 86), and low color temperature (5228 K).
Sustained effects on attachment security in middle childhood: results from a randomized clinical trial of the Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch‐up (ABC) intervention
Authors: Zajac Lindsay , Raby K. Lee , Dozier Mary 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundInterventions have been developed to promote the development of secure and organized attachments during early childhood among children who have experienced early adversity, yet little is known about whether the effects of these early interventions are sustained beyond 12 months postintervention. The current study examined whether receiving the Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch‐Up (ABC) intervention during infancy led to improvements in perceived attachment security in middle childhood among 100 Child Protective Services (CPS)‐referred children.MethodsChildren and parents were randomized to receive ABC or a control intervention during infancy. Children completed the Kerns Security Scale at age nine (Mage = 9.46, SD = 0.36). (Trial Registry Name: Intervening Early with Neglected Children; Registry ID: NCT02093052; URL for registry: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02093052?term=dozier&rank=1).ResultsChildren whose parents received ABC reported higher levels of attachment security on the Kerns Security Scale at age nine than children whose parents had received the control intervention, t(98) = 2.31, p = .023, d = 0.49.ConclusionsFindings underscore the long‐term benefits of intervening early to promote caregiving quality among at‐risk families and demonstrate the efficacy of a brief 10‐session intervention in promoting attachment security over the span of eight years in a sample of CPS‐referred children.
Differences in perceived predation risk associated with variation in relative size of extra‐pair and within‐pair offspring
Authors: Hallinger Kelly K. , Vitousek Maren N. , Winkler David W. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractExtra‐pair paternity (EPP) is a widespread phenomenon in birds. Researchers have long hypothesized that EPP must confer a fitness advantage to extra‐pair offspring (EPO), but empirical support for this hypothesis is definitively mixed. This could be because genetic benefits of EPP only exist in a subset of environmental contexts to which a population is exposed. From 2013 to 2015, we manipulated perceived predator density in a population of tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) breeding in New York to see whether fitness outcomes of extra‐pair and within‐pair offspring (WPO) varied with predation risk. In nests that had been exposed to predators, EPO were larger, longer‐winged and heavier than WPO. In nonpredator nests, WPO tended to be larger, longer‐winged and heavier than EPO, though the effect was nonsignificant. We found no differences in age, morphology or stress physiology between extra‐pair and within‐pair sires from the same nest, suggesting that additive genetic benefits cannot fully explain the differences in nestling size that we observed. The lack of an effect of predator exposure on survival or glucocorticoid stress physiology of EPO and WPO further suggests that observed size differences do not reflect more general variation in intrinsic genetic quality. Instead, we suggest that size differences may have arisen through differential investment into EPO and WPO by females, perhaps because EPO and WPO represent different reproductive strategies, with each type of nestling conferring a fitness advantage in specific ecological contexts.
IgM response is a prognostic biomarker of primary biliary cholangitis treated with ursodeoxycholic acid and bezafibrate
Authors: Takano Keiko , Saeki Chisato , Oikawa Tsunekazu , Hidaka Akihisa , Mizuno Yusuke , Ishida Jinya , Takakura Kazuki , Nakano Masanori , Torisu Yuichi , Amano Katsushi , Ishikawa Tomohisa , Zeniya Mikio , Tsubota Akihito , Saruta Masayuki 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground and AimPrimary biliary cholangitis (PBC) patients who are refractory to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) are at risk for progression to cirrhosis and liver failure. Bezafibrate could be an alternative second‐line therapeutic option in these patients. This study aimed to evaluate the long‐term outcome(s) of combined UDCA and bezafibrate therapy in UDCA‐refractory PBC patients and identify prognostic factors.MethodsAmong 445 patients treated with UDCA, 150 patients inadequately responded to UDCA monotherapy and received long‐term UDCA plus bezafibrate (median, 15 years). Data from these patients were used for this retrospective analysis.ResultsCombination therapy resulted in significant improvements in serum biochemistry and liver transplantation risk estimated using the UK‐PBC‐risk and the GLOBE scores. The cumulative normalization rates of alkaline phosphatase, gamma‐glutamyltransferase, and immunoglobulin M (IgM) were significantly higher in patients without cirrhosis‐related symptoms or liver‐related events than in those with them. Overall, IgM constantly emerged as a significant factor associated with cirrhosis‐related symptoms and liver‐related events at all time points. Cumulative survival rates were significantly lower in patients with IgM ≥ 240 mg/dL than in patients with IgM < 240 mg/dL. Thus, normalization of IgM levels was a good surrogate predictor of long‐term prognosis. None of the patients discontinued combination therapy due to any adverse events during the follow‐up period.ConclusionsOur findings point to the beneficial effects of long‐term UDCA plus bezafibrate combination therapy for UDCA‐refractory PBC patients, and IgM response can be a useful predictive biomarker of long‐term clinical outcomes.
Long‐term results of variceal bleeding management in 302 patients with chronic extrahepatic portal vein obstruction
Authors: Chen Hui , He Chuangye , Lv Yong , Fan Jiahao , Tang Shihao , Niu Jing , Yuan Jie , Luo Bohan , Guo Wengang , Yin Zhanxin , Han Guohong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground and AimTreatment modalities of variceal bleeding or rebleeding for extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO) are limited, and their long‐term results and prognostic factors are unclear. This study aimed at assessing the long‐term results of EHPVO treated with current recommendations and investigating the influencing factors.MethodsBetween 2009 and 2016, 302 consecutive patients with EHPVO were included. Watch‐and‐wait policy was applied for those with no (n = 59) or small varices (n = 55), nonselective beta‐adrenergic blocker and nonselective beta‐adrenergic blocker plus endotherapy were for primary (n = 115) and secondary prophylaxis (n = 87), transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) or combination therapy was for those with recurrent bleeding (n = 92).ResultsThe median follow up was 58.8 months. The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year cumulative rates were 3.6%, 19.2%, 32.3% for small varices development and 4.5%, 30.9%, 53.4% for large varices development. The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year cumulative rates were 11.1%, 20.9%, and 34.9% for first variceal bleeding and 16.0%, 26.9%, and 33.6% for variceal rebleeding. For those with recurrent variceal bleeding, only TIPS (n = 37, technical success rate: 90.2%) was associated with a reduced risk of variceal rebleeding (1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year: 5.6%, 11.7%, and 21.9%). The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year survival rates were 96.9%, 95.8%, and 91.9%. Prothrombotic factors and anticoagulation did not influence the risk of variceal bleeding, rebleeding, and survival.ConclusionsBy applying the same variceal management as recommended for patients with liver cirrhosis, patients with non‐cirrhotic EHPVO showed a similar development of varices and variceal bleeding. This is also true for the beneficial effect of TIPS to prevent rebleeding.
Microstructurally controlled trace element (Zr, U–Pb) concentrations in metamorphic rutile: An example from the amphibolites of the Bergen Arcs
Authors: Moore Jo , Beinlich Andreas , Porter Jennifer K. , Talavera Cristina , Berndt Jasper , Piazolo Sandra , Austrheim Håkon , Putnis Andrew 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAs a common constituent of metamorphic assemblages, rutile provides constraints on the timing and conditions of rock transformation at high resolution. However, very little is known about the links between trace element mobility and rutile microstructures that result from synmetamorphic deformation. To address this issue, here we combine in situ LA‐ICP‐MS and sensitive high‐resolution ion microprobe trace element data with electron back‐scatter diffraction microstructural analyses to investigate the links between rutile lattice distortions and Zr and U–Pb systematics. Furthermore, we apply this integrated approach to constrain further the temperature and timing of amphibolite facies metamorphism and deformation in the Bergen Arcs of southwestern Norway. In outcrop, the formation of porphyroblastic rutile in dynamically hydrated leucocratic domains of otherwise rutile‐poor statically hydrated amphibolite provides key contextual information on both the ambient conditions of hydration and deformation and the composition of the reactive fluid. Rutile in amphibolite recorded ambient metamorphic temperatures of ~590–730°C during static hydration of the granulitic precursor. By contrast, rutile from leucocratic domains in the directly adjacent shear zone indicates that deformation was accompanied by a localized increase in temperature. These higher temperatures are recorded in strain‐free rutile (~600–860°C) and by Zr concentration measurements on low‐angle boundaries and shear bands (620–820°C). In addition, we also observe slight depletions of Zr and U along rutile low‐angle boundaries relative to strain‐free areas in deformed grains from the shear zone. This indicates that crystal–plastic deformation facilitated the compositional re‐equilibration of rutile upon cooling to slightly below the peak temperature of deformation. Cessation of deformation at mid‐crustal conditions near ~600°C is recorded by late stage growth of small (<150 µm) rutile in the high‐strain zones. U–Pb age data obtained from the strain‐free and distorted rutile grains cluster in distinct populations of 437.4 ± 2.7 Ma and c. 405–410 Ma, respectively. These different ages are interpreted to reflect the difference in closure for thermally induced Pb diffusion between undeformed and deformed rutile during post‐deformation exhumation and cooling. Thus, our results provide a reconstruction of the thermochronological history of the amphibolite facies rocks of the Lindås Nappe and highlight the importance of integration of microstructural data during application of thermometers and geochronometers.
Effects of optogenetic stimulation of vasopressinergic retinal afferents on suprachiasmatic neurones
Authors: Hume Catherine , Allchorne Andrew , Grinevich Valery , Leng Gareth , Ludwig Mike 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPhysiological circadian rhythms are orchestrated by the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The activity of SCN cells is synchronised by environmental signals, including light information from retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). We recently described a population of vasopressin‐expressing RGCs (VP‐RGC) that send axonal projections to the SCN. To determine how these VP‐RGCs influence the activity of cells in the SCN, we used optogenetic tools to specifically activate their axon terminals within the SCN. Rats were intravitreally injected with a recombinant adeno‐associated virus to express the channelrhodopsin‐2 and the red fluorescent protein mCherry under the vasopressin promoter (VP‐ChR2mCherry). In vitro recordings in acute brain slices showed that approximately 30% of ventrolateral SCN cells responded to optogenetic stimulation with an increase in firing rate that progressively increased during the first 200 seconds of stimulation and which persisted after the end of stimulation. Finally, application of a vasopressin V1A receptor antagonist dampened the response to optogenetic stimulation. Our data suggest that optogenetic stimulation of VP‐RGC axons within the SCN influences the activity of SCN cells in a vasopressin‐dependent manner.