bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Two-Dimensional Shear Wave Elastography and Point Shear Wave Elastography for Assessing Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Zhou Xiaozhuan , Rao Jiawei , Wu Xukun , Deng Ronghai , Ma Yi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Progressive liver fibrosis may result in cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We performed a meta-analysis to compare liver fibrosis staging in chronic liver disease patients using two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) and point shear wave elastography (pSWE). Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched until September 30th 2019 for studies evaluating the diagnostic performance of 2D-SWE and pSWE for assessing liver fibrosis. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, diagnostic odds ratios, and area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were estimated using the bivariate random effects model. Results: Eighteen studies with 3,082 patients were included in the analysis. The pooled sensitivities of 2D-SWE and pSWE were significantly different for the detection of significant fibrosis (0.83 vs. 0.70, P < 0.001) and advanced fibrosis (0.89 vs. 0.78, P < 0.05), but not for detection of cirrhosis (0.87 vs. 0.83, P > 0.05). The pooled specificities of 2D-SWE and pSWE were not significantly different for detection of significant fibrosis (0.83 vs. 0.83, P > 0.05), advanced fibrosis (0.80 vs. 0.85, P > 0.05), or cirrhosis (0.84 vs. 0.88, P > 0.05). Conclusions: Both 2D-SWE and pSWE have high sensitivity and specificity for detecting each stage of liver fibrosis. 2D-SWE has higher sensitivity than pSWE for detection of significant fibrosis and advanced fibrosis. Large-scale and multi-center studies are needed to directly compare 2D-SWE and pSWE.
Impact of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPNs) on Patient Employment and Income: Findings From the Living with MPNs Survey
Authors: Condliffe Simon , Yu Jingbo , Paranagama Dilan , Parasuraman Shreekant 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background The objective of this analysis was to evaluate income loss resulting from disease-related employment changes among patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Methods Patients aged 18 to 70 years diagnosed with an MPN were eligible to participate in the online Living with MPNs survey (April–November, 2016). Respondents employed at the time of diagnosis were asked questions about changes in employment status related to their MPN and their salaries before and after those changes. Cumulative income loss resulting from disease-related employment changes up to the time of the survey was calculated based on the timing of changes in employment and salary, which was reported in inflation-adjusted 2018 US dollars. Results Among 904 patients with an MPN who responded to the survey, 299 were employed at the time of MPN diagnosis and reported ≥1 disease-related employment change. For nearly half (144/299 [48.2%]) of employed patients who reported a change in employment status, the first change occurred within 1 year of diagnosis, and most (229/299 [76.6%]) had ≥1 change within 2 years. Employment status changes and the associated impact on income were greatest among patients who took early retirement ($517,866 lost income), followed by those who took medical disability leave ($289,910) or left a job because of their disease ($257,178). Conclusions Disease-related employment changes contributed to considerable income loss among patients with MPNs. Similar to other chronic conditions, potential exists for disease-related employment changes and income loss among patients with MPNs that should be considered during disease management.
Access to Institutional Delivery Services and Associated Factors among Mothers in Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Kayrite Qaro Qanche , Salgedo Waju Beyene , Weldemarium Tesfaye Dagne 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Poor utilization of institutional delivery services has been identified as a major contributory factor to poor maternal and newborn outcomes. Previous studies have tried to measure access in terms of utilization while it has different dimensions that need to be measured separately. Therefore, this study assessed the four dimensions of access (geographic accessibility, perceived availability, affordability, and acceptability) and associated factors.Methods A community based cross-sectional study design was used to undertake this study from March 16 to April 15, 2018, in Jimma Zone. The sample size for this study was 605 mothers who had given birth in the last six months preceding the study. Multi-variable binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the four dimensions of access by using AOR with 95% CI. Ethical clearance was obtained from Jimma University Institutional Review Board.Results Five hundred and ninety-three mothers participated in this study resulting in a response rate of 98%. Four hundred five (68%), 273(46%), 279(47%) and 273(46%) had geographic, perceived availability, affordability and acceptability access to institutional delivery services respectively. Antenatal [AOR=3.74(1.56, 8.98)], occupation of mother [AOR=5.10(1.63, 15.88)], and residence [AOR=1.93(1.13, 3.29)] were independently associated with geographic accessibility. Household graduation [AOR=1.46(1.03, 2.06)], residence [AOR=1.74(1.17, 2.59)] and ANC [AOR=3.80(1.38, 10.50)] were independently associated with perceived availability. Moreover, wealth quintile [AOR=11.60(6.02, 22.35)], ANC [AOR=3.48(1.36, 9.61)] and occupation of husband [AOR=3.63(1.51, 8.74)] were independently associated with affordability. Lastly, mother’s education [AOR=2.69(1.42, 5.09)], residence [AOR=2.60(1.66, 4.08)] and household graduation [AOR=3.12(2.16, 4.50)] were independently associated with acceptability of institutional delivery services.Conclusions Moderate proportions of mothers have geographic accessibility to institutional delivery services but access to the other three dimensions was low. ANC visits of 4 and above, occupation of mothers' husbands, urban residence, graduation of mother’s household as a model family, higher wealth quintiles of mother’s household, and maternal educational level of secondary school and above significantly affect access to institutional delivery services. Thus, it was recommended that concerned bodies should give special attention to ANC service, female education, training of model families, and enhancement of household wealth through job creation opportunities to improve access to institutional delivery services.
Dezocine prevents sufentanil-induced cough during general anesthesia induction: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Xiong Zhencheng , Yi Ping , Song Jipeng , Tan Mingsheng 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Sufentanil is one of the opioids currently used to induce general anesthesia, and cough is one of the most common complications. Many drugs have been used to prevent sufentanil-induced cough (SIC), and dezocine is one of them. The purpose of our meta-analysis is to evaluate the efficacy of dezocine on SIC.Methods We searched multiple databases including PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, the Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases (CNKI) to identify studies that met the inclusion criteria. This meta-analysis focused on the incidence and severity of SIC after dezocine intervention, as well as adverse effects.Results Five randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were identified, including 890 patients. Each study was a comparison of dezocine with an equal volume of 0.9% saline. When the injection dose of dezocine was 0.1 mg/kg, the incidence (pooled risk ratio [RR]=0.03, [95% CI: 0.02 to 0.07], P<0.00001, I2=0%) and severity (mild: RR=0.07, [95% CI: 0.03 to 0.18], P<0.00001, I2=0%; moderate: RR=0.05, [95% CI: 0.02 to 0.16], P<0.00001, I2=0%; severe: RR=0.04, [95% CI: 0.01 to 0.16], P<0.00001, I2=0%) of SIC were significantly decreased. There were no statistically significant differences in vital signs between the two groups based on the results of the pooled analysis.Conclusion This meta-analysis showed that dezocine significantly reduced the incidence and severity of SIC in the induction of general anesthesia, but had no significant effect on vital signs. More high-quality RCTs are needed to complement existing conclusions.
Constructing Stability – A Classic Grounded Theory Of Next-Of-Kin In Palliative Cancer Care
Authors: Harstade Carina Werkander , Sandgren Anna 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Being next-of-kin to someone with cancer requiring palliative care involves a complex life situation. Changes in roles and relationships might occur and the next-of-kin thereby try to adapt by being involved in the ill person’s experiences and care even though they can feel unprepared for the care they are expected to provide. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a classic Grounded Theory of next-of-kin in palliative cancer care. Method: Forty-two next-of-kin to persons with cancer in palliative phase or persons who had died from cancer were interviewed. Theoretical sampling was used during data collection. The data was analysed using classic Grounded Theory methodology to conceptualize patterns of human behaviour. Results: Constructing stability emerged as the pattern of behaviour through which next-of-kin deal with their main concern; struggling with helplessness. This helplessness includes an involuntary waiting for the inevitable. The waiting causes sadness and frustration, which in turn increases the helplessness. The theory involves; Shielding, Acknowledging the reality, Going all in, Putting up boundaries, Asking for help, and Planning for the inescapable. These strategies can be used separately or simultaneously and they can also overlap each other. There are several conditions that may impact the theory Constructing stability, which strategies are used, and what the outcomes might be. Some conditions that emerged in this theory are time, personal finances, attitudes from extended family and friends and availability of healthcare resources. Conclusions: The theory shows the complexities of being next-of-kin to someone receiving palliative care, while striving to construct stability. This theory can increase healthcare professionals’ awareness of how next-of-kin struggle with helplessness and thus generates insight into how to support them in this struggle. Keywords cancer, constructing stability, grounded theory, next-of-kin, palliative care
Genome sequencing of Mycobacterium pinnipedii strains: genetic characterization and evidence of superinfection in a South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens)
Authors: Author) Taiana Silva Pereira(Former Corresponding , Ikuta Cássia Y. , Zimpel Cristina K. , Camargo Naila C. S. , Filho Antônio F. de Souza , Neto José S. Ferreira , Heinemann Marcos B. , Author) Ana M. S. Guimarães(New Corresponding 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Mycobacterium pinnipedii, a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex (MTBC), is capable of infecting several host species, including humans. Recently, ancient DNA from this organism was recovered from pre-Columbian mummies of Peru, sparkling debate over the origin and frequency of tuberculosis in the Americas prior to European colonization. Results: We present the first comparative genomic study of this bacterial species, building from the genome sequencing of two M. pinnipedii isolates (MP1 and MP2) obtained from different organs of a stranded South American sea lion. Our results indicate that MP1 and MP2 differ by 113 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) and 46 indels, constituting the first report of a mixed-strain infection in a sea lion. SNP annotation analyses indicate that genes of the VapBC family, a toxin-antitoxin system, and genes related to cell wall remodeling are under evolutionary pressure for protein sequence change in these strains. OrthoMCL analysis with seven modern isolates of M. pinnipedii shows that these strains have highly similar proteomes. Gene variations was only marginally associated with hypothetical proteins and PE/PPE (proline-glutamate and proline-proline-glutamic, respectively) gene families. We also detected large deletions in ancient and modern M. pinnipedii strains, including few occurring only in modern strains, indicating a process of genome reduction occurring over the past 1,000 years. Our phylogenomic analyses suggest the existence of two modern clusters of M. pinnipedii associated with geographic location, and possibly host species, and one basal node associated with the ancient M. pinnipedii strains. Previously described MiD3 and MiD4 deletions may have occurred independently, twice, over evolutionary course of the MTBC. Conclusion:The presence of superinfection (i.e. mixed-strain infection) in this sea lion suggests that M. pinnipedii is highly endemic in this population. In contrast to the human-adapted M. tuberculosis strains, M. pinnipedii proteomes of the studied isolate showed high degree of conservation, despite being under genomic decay when compared to M. tuberculosis. This finding indicates that further genomes need to be sequenced and analyzed to increase the chances of finding variably present genes among strains or that M. pinnipedii genome remodeling occurred prior to bacterial speciation.
Economic benefit analysis of low-level high vacuum compaction method from the perspective of low carbon
Authors: Yuan Liangrong , Song Menglan 
Published: November 2019

In order to discuss the superiorities of High Vacuum Drubbing Means (HVDM) in soft foundation treatment of roads, this paper takes the soft foundation treatment project of Wucheng Road in Wuwei County of Wanjiang City Belt in China as an example. By comparing and analyzing the economic benefit differences between HVDM method and traditional powder injection pile method in soft soil foundation treatment, the following conclusions are drawn: Low-level high-vacuum compaction method soft base processing method is better than traditional powder-jet pile method in soft foundation treatment. The method can better reduce the consumption of raw materials such as cement and stone, avoid the pollution of the social environment caused by cement production, shorten the construction period by about 50 % and save the direct labor cost. Compared with the traditional powder-sprayed pile method, total cost of the project can be saved by more than 30 % and the construction quality is controllable. The construction process is green and its social and economic benefits are remarkable.
Migrantes profesionistas mexicanos en Estados Unidos: Análisis de las desigualdades de género
Authors: Domínguez Villalobos Lilia , Brown Grossman Flor , Nava Bolaños Isalia 
Published: November 2019

Este trabajo analiza comparativamente los determinantes de la integración en el mercado de trabajo estadunidense por nivel de calificación de la ocupación de los y las migrantes profesionistas mexicanos. Para cumplir con el objetivo estimamos dos modelos econométricos multinomiales que examinan las probabilidades de no ocuparse o de emplearse en puestos de distinto nivel de calificación. Con base en estos resultados se construyen escenarios. En el primero que combina el grado académico con la presencia de hijos, fue contundente la alta probabilidad para la población femenina de estar fuera de la fuerza de trabajo, con la salvedad de contar con doctorado. En el segundo escenario, en el que se relacionan las condiciones migratorias, la escolaridad y el dominio del inglés, se ilustra la vulnerabilidad como inmigrantes que se intersecta con la vulnerabilidad de género, cuando no están presentes las condiciones óptimas.
Characteristics of Nano-metal Colloid Prepared by Electrical Spark Discharge Method
Authors: Tseng Kuo-Hsiung , Chung Meng-Yun 
Published: November 2019

Background:
This study used Electrical Spark Discharge Method (ESDM) to fabricate the
nano-Au, nano-Ag and nano-Cu colloid. The spark wears down the surface of the electrodes and gets
nano-metal particles at standard temperature and pressure and without adding any other chemical
materials in the deionized water.

Methods:
The nano-metal particles are examined by UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Zetasizer, Transmission
Electron Microscope, and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis and are proven to be nano-metal
colloid. Under the comparison of different parameters (discharge pulse width, HV, Ip), the size of
nano-metal particles increases with the level of Ip.

Results:
Under the experiment of light or dark, most of the Absorbance of the nano-Au and nano-Ag
colloid is higher than that of the environment under strong light irradiation as long as it is prepared in
a pure black environment. The nano-Au and nano-Ag colloid prepared by ESDM have a zeta potential
exceeding the absolute value of 30 mV, no matter which parameter is applied or whether there is
illumination or not.

Conclusion:
It represents a good suspension stability of the nano-Au and nano-Ag colloid, but the
nano-Cu colloid does not have this feature. The suspension stability is not good.
Analysis of Oncogene Protein Structure Using Small World Network Concept
Authors: Kumari Neetu , Verma Anshul 
Published: November 2019

Background:
The basic building block of a body is protein which is a complex system
whose structure plays a key role in activation, catalysis, messaging and disease states. Therefore,
careful investigation of protein structure is necessary for the diagnosis of diseases and for the drug
designing. Protein structures are described at their different levels of complexity: primary (chain),
secondary (helical), tertiary (3D), and quaternary structure. Analyzing complex 3D structure of
protein is a difficult task but it can be analyzed as a network of interconnection between its
component, where amino acids are considered as nodes and interconnection between them are
edges.

Objective:
Many literature works have proven that the small world network concept provides
many new opportunities to investigate network of biological systems. The objective of this paper is
analyzing the protein structure using small world concept.

Methods:
Protein is analyzed using small world network concept, specifically where extreme
condition is having a degree distribution which follows power law. For the correct verification of
the proposed approach, dataset of the Oncogene protein structure is analyzed using Python
programming.

Results:
Protein structure is plotted as network of amino acids (Residue Interaction Graph (RIG))
using distance matrix of nodes with given threshold, then various centrality measures (i.e., degree
distribution, Degree-Betweenness correlation, and Betweenness-Closeness correlation) are
calculated for 1323 nodes and graphs are plotted.

Conclusion:
Ultimately, it is concluded that there exist hubs with higher centrality degree but less
in number, and they are expected to be robust toward harmful effects of mutations with new
functions.
Barriers to Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence in One of the Prisons in Iran
Authors: Farhoudi Behnam , Seyedalinaghi SeyedAhmad , Jafarinasab Masoud , Ghavam Seyed Mohammad , Dadras Omid , Alipour Amin , Alijani Mohsen 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Antiretroviral medications have improved the survival and life quality of
people living with HIV and turned HIV into a chronic controllable disease. However, the success
of HIV treatment depends on many factors; patient adherence is one the most important indicators.
In this study, we explored the potential barriers to an effective adherence antiretroviral therapy
(ART) among the HIV-positive prisoners of Ghezel-Hesar prison, Iran.

Methods:
To explore and identify the barriers toward ART adherence, a focus group discussion
was held with six prisoners eligible for ART but rejected to be treated or did not retain on ART.
The prisoners were recruited through purposive sampling method. All the words, behaviors and
even body languages were precisely recorded and analyzed to reach the final results.

Results:
The most reported obstacles toward ART adherence were the lack of trust in the effectiveness
of medications and drug complications. Other reasons were inadequate nutrition, lack of
amenities, social stigma, lack of economic and psychological support, misbehavior of prison staff
and inadequate methadone prescription for those with opium addiction.

Conclusion:
Due to the results and the fact that adequate Methadone prescription for opium addiction,
improving life quality and receiving emotional and medical support from staff could improve
adherence to HIV medication in prisoners,comprehensive education of prisoners about their
health condition along with staff education may improve the life condition of HIV infected prisoners
and may cause dramatic improvement in ART adherence and prisoners health.
Molecular Interactions within the Crystal Packing of Busulfan (DNA Cross-Linking Agent) by Hirshfeld Surface Analysis
Authors: Rajaniverma Datla , Rao Dasari J. , Begum Shaikh R. , Seetaramaiah Vishnubolta , Ramakrishna Yajjala , Tondon Poonam , Thangavel Karthick 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Non-Covalent Interactions (NCIs) play a vital role in the chemical
process. Certain Experimental and theoretical approaches provide information about the
stronger and weaker interactions. In the present work, we have implemented Hirshfeld
charges based surface mapping to find the weaker interactions between the molecules of
busulfan.

Objective:
The main objective of this work is to recognize the non-covalent interactions
which are not simply drawn from the experimental and conventional theoretical approach.
It aims to provide more insightful information into the crystallographic structure.

Methods:
In the present work, we have implemented a Hirshfeld surface mapping which
incorporates periodic boundary conditions of the crystalline geometry. Each point of the
isosurface is defined by two distances i.e. de, the distance from the point to the nearest atom
outside to the surface and di, the distance to the nearest atom inside the surface. Also,
for precise identification of intermolecular interactions, mapping by normalized contact
distance dnorm is also considered. Fingerprint plot di vs de for various types of interactions
were also provided.

Results:
The Hirshfeld surface and fingerprint plot show the very weak H···H interactions in
addition to the O···H interactions. This enables the visualization of very weak interactions.

Conclusion:
This proposed work on Hirschfeld surface analysis accounts for the solidstate
environment of the busulfan, crystallographic parameters and packing information.
Hence, the interactions obtained for monomer and extended molecular framework in this
work are more reliable to study the intermolecular interactions. The 2D finger print plots
revealed the predominant O⋅⋅⋅H interactions within the crystal packing. In addition to O⋅⋅⋅H
interactions, H⋅⋅⋅H interaction were also identified.