bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Levosimendan Prevents Memory Impairment Induced by Diabetes in Rats: Role of Oxidative Stress
Authors: Rababa'h Abeer M. , Alzoubi Karem H. , Baydoun Sandy , Khabour Omar F. 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Levosimendan is a calcium sensitizer and phosphodiesterase inhibitor that has
potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Objectives:
The aim of the current study is to investigate the potential protective effect of levosimendan
on learning and memory impairment induced by diabetes.

Methods:
Adult Wister rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=15 rats/group): control,
levosimendan, streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes, and levosimendan-STZ diabetes. Upon confirmation
of the success of the STZ diabetic model, intraperitoneal levosimendan (100µg/kg/week) was administrated
to the assigned groups for 4 weeks. Then, the radial arm water maze was used to evaluate
spatial learning and memory. Oxidative stress biomarkers and brain-derived neurotrophic factor were
evaluated in hippocampal tissues.

Results:
The results showed that Diabetes Mellitus (DM) impaired both short- and long- term memory
(P<0.01), while levosimendan protected the animals from memory impairment. In addition, levosimendan
prevented DM-induced reduction in the hippocampal levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione
peroxidase (P<0.05). Moreover, the administration of levosimendan prevented DM-induced increases in
hippocampal thiobarbituric acid reactive substances level (P<0.05). Furthermore, levosimendan restored
the ratio of reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) in DM rats to that observed in the control group
(P<0.05).

Conclusions:
In summary, DM induced learning and memory impairment, and treatment with
levosimendan impeded this impairment probably through preventing alterations in the antioxidant system
in the hippocampus.
Mediterranean Style Diet and Kidney Function Loss in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Gomes-Neto António W. , Osté Maryse C.J. , Sotomayor Camilo G. , van den Berg Else , Geleijnse Johanna Marianna , Berger Stefan P. , Gans Reinold O.B. , Bakker Stephan J.L. , Navis Gerjan J. 
Published: January 2020

Background and objectives
Despite improvement of short-term graft survival over recent years, long-term graft survival after kidney transplantation has not improved. Studies in the general population suggest the Mediterranean diet benefits kidney function preservation. We investigated whether adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with kidney outcomes in kidney transplant recipients.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We included 632 adult kidney transplant recipients with a functioning graft for ≥1 year. Dietary intake was inquired using a 177-item validated food frequency questionnaire. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed using a nine-point Mediterranean Diet Score. Primary end point of the study was graft failure and secondary end points included kidney function decline (doubling of serum creatinine or graft failure) and graft loss (graft failure or death with a functioning graft). Cox regression analyses were used to prospectively study the associations of the Mediterranean Diet Score with study end points.

Results
During median follow-up of 5.4 (interquartile range, 4.9–6.0) years, 76 participants developed graft failure, 119 developed kidney function decline, and 181 developed graft loss. The Mediterranean Diet Score was inversely associated with all study end points (graft failure: hazard ratio [HR], 0.68; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.50 to 0.91; kidney function decline: HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.85; and graft loss: HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.63 to 0.88 per two-point increase in Mediterranean Diet Score) independent of potential confounders. We identified 24-hour urinary protein excretion and time since transplantation to be an effect modifier, with stronger inverse associations between the Mediterranean Diet Score and kidney outcomes observed in participants with higher urinary protein excretion and participants transplanted more recently.

Conclusions
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with better kidney function outcomes in kidney transplant recipients.
PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SOURSOP (ANNONA MURICATA) LEAVES
Authors: QORINA FONA , ARSIANTI ADE , FITHROTUNNISA QOTRUNNADA , TEJAPUTRI NADZILA ANINDYA 
Published: January 2020

Objective: Soursop (Annona muricata) is a tropical plant which has been utilized as a folk medicine to treat many diseases including cancer, inflammation and parasitic infection. In this study, we investigated its phytochemistry properties and antioxidant activity against free radicals.
Methods: Annona muricata leaves were extracted in three different solvents: ethanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane. Afterwards, a phytochemistry test and the thin layer chromatography (TLC) method were used to evaluate bioactive compounds contained in the three different extracts. Antioxidant activity from the semi-polar (ethyl acetate) and polar (ethanol) solvents were evaluated by the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method, and the antioxidant activity is expressed by IC50 value. The results were compared to ascorbic acid as a positive control.
Results: The phytochemistry test showed that the extracts were positive for flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, glycosides and tannins. Moreover, TLC analysis revealed that there were three chemical compounds contained in the extracts. The results from the DPPH method were that ethanolic extract was shown to have the most potent antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 35.51 ppm.
Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of Annona muricata could be developed as the next promising natural antioxidant source.
EFFECT OF HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA LINN ON IL-6 AND TNF- α LEVELS IN OVERTRAINED RAT HEART
Authors: SANTOSO DEWI IRAWATI SOERIA , YUNITA SRI , PARAMITA NURUL , ANDRAINI TRINOVITA , KARTINAH NENG TINE , BAYANI GUSHAN FAHMI EL , ILYAS ERMITA I. IBRAHIM 
Published: January 2020

Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. (HSL) administration on the interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels in rat heart. Overtraining was proven to increase the IL-6 and TNF-α levels in the blood, and HSL had anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. However, no studies have been conducted on the effect of methanolic extract of HSL administration on the IL-6 and TNF-α levels in overtrained rat heart.
Methods: This study used 25 male adult Wistar rats aged 8–10 w and weighing 200–250 g. The rats were randomly divided into five groups: control (C), control H. sabdariffa Linn (C+HSL), overtraining (OT), overtraining H. sabdariffa Linn (OT+HSL), and aerobic (A). Treatment was given 5 times a week for 11 w. At the end of the study, the IL-6 and TNF-α levels were measured using a standard ELISA kit.
Results: IL-6 and TNF-α levels in the heart were the highest in the overtraining group. The group that received HSL administration showed the lowest TNF-α and IL-6 levels.
Conclusion: HSL could be a used to protect the heart from an inflammatory state, particularly in an overtraining condition.
RISK FACTORS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS AMONG RELAPSED PATIENTS IN WEST PAPUA, INDONESIA: A DESCRIPTIVE AND ANALYTICAL STUDY
Authors: WIJAYANTO MOHAMMAD A. , ARNANDA RAIHAN A. , THAMRIN EDO P. 
Published: January 2020

Objective: Indonesia has one of the highest burdens of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), with 6800 new cases of MDR-TB annually and a previously reported cure rate of 51%. This study aimed to identify the risk factors that affect the development of MDR-TB in the diverse population of West Papua.
Methods: A case–control study was conducted in Sorong Regency Regional Hospital, a referral center for MDR-TB in West Papua. Data were obtained from medical records of patients with relapsed TB between January 2014 and September 2017. Extracted data included demographic characteristics, family history, medication history (type of medication and duration), smoking history, supporting examinations (sputum test for acid-fast bacilli [AFB] and radiologist interpretation of thoracic X-ray), and comorbidities (HIV and diabetes mellitus).
Results: Among 549 patients with suspected MDR-TB, 45 were confirmed to have MDR-TB. These 45 patients were defined as the case group and compared with a control group of 45 relapsed patients who had drug-sensitive TB. A great number of subjects in both case and control groups (44.4% and 57.8%) were categorized as previously lost to follow-up. Bivariate analysis using the chi-squared test found that an AFB result of+3 (odds ratio [OR]: 5.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.76–16.09), diabetes mellitus (OR: 6.14, 95% CI 1.26–29.89), and completion of intensive-phase category I anti-TB therapy (OR: 3.25, 95% CI 1.04–10.07) were associated with MDR-TB.
Conclusion: These clinical variables provide initial information about MDR-TB in West Papua and will assist clinicians to manage patients in related populations who have these risk factors.
CURCUMIN INCREASES THE SENSITIVITY OF BREAST CANCER CELLS TO TAMOXIFEN BY INHIBITING MRP2 MRNA EXPRESSION OF EFFLUX TRANSPORTER MRP2
Authors: KRISNAMURTI DESAK GEDE BUDI , WANANDI SEPTELIA INAWATI , LOUISA MELVA 
Published: January 2020

Objective: Tamoxifen is the drug of choice to treat breast cancer positive for estrogen receptor. Long-term use of tamoxifen can induce multidrug resistance (MDR) associated with decreased sensitivity of cancer cells to the drug. One of the causes of MDR is overexpression of efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP)2. Various drugs are known to act as MRP2 inhibitors, including curcumin. This study investigated the effects of curcumin on the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to tamoxifen through inhibition of MRP2.
Methods: We used MCF-7 cells that were previously exposed to long-term tamoxifen treatment [MCF-7(T) cells]. MCF-7(T) cells were treated with 1 µM tamoxifen, curcumin (5, 10, and 20 µM), combinations of curcumin (5, 10, and 20 µM) and 1 µM tamoxifen, or 10 µM nevirapine (a known MRP2 inhibitor) for 5 d. Then, the cells were harvested, counted to assess cell viability, and evaluated for MRP2 mRNA expression.
Results: Treatment with curcumin alone or in combination with tamoxifen significantly reduced cell viability at all curcumin concentrations compared with the control. The reduction in cell viability was accompanied by a reduced level of MRP2 mRNA expression.
Conclusion: Application of curcumin to MCF-7 cells previously exposed to long-term tamoxifen treatment increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to tamoxifen. The increased sensitivity of these cells was attributed, at least in part, to inhibition of the efflux transporter MRP2.
THE ROLE OF VITAMIN D, VITAMIN D RECEPTOR GENE FOKI POLYMORPHISM, AND CATHELICIDIN IN TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION IN CHILDREN
Authors: AMELIN FITRISIA , YANI FINNY FITRI , MACHMUD RIZANDA 
Published: January 2020

Objective: Recent studies have reported that vitamin D has an important role in tuberculosis. Polymorphism of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2228570 or FokI will generate proteins with various amino acid lengths, and affect the molecular physiological roles of vitamin D. Cathelicidin acts as an antimicrobial directly against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and mediator autophagy by macrophages induced by vitamin D. This study aims to determine the role of vitamin D, vitamin D receptor gene SNP rs2228570 (FokI), and plasma levels of cathelicidin in children with tuberculosis infection.
Methods: This cross-sectional was conducted on children aged £14 y who had close contacts with an adult who had sputum smear positive for acid-fast bacilli indicating pulmonary TB. The children were divided into two groups: those with and those without TB infection. Demographic data and blood samples were taken from children participating in this study to examine polymorphisms and cathelicidin plasma levels, and to determine the association between these levels in children with and without TB infection.
Results: There were no differences in the proportion of genotype and allele of SNP rs2228570 vitamin D receptor gene (FokI), polymorphisms of VDR, and cathelicidin plasma levels between children with and without TB infection (p>0.05). However, nutritional status and levels of cathelicidin by age category increased the risk of TB infection (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Cathelicidin level in children with TB infection lower than without. Vitamin D and FokI polymorphism did not play role in TB infection.
ANTIHYPERTENSIVE EFFECTS OF NIGELLA SATIVA: WEIGHING THE EVIDENCE
Authors: LOKESWARA ANGGA WIRATAMA , AFARATU KEVIN , PRIHASTAMA RAFINDHRA ADHITYA , FARIDA SITI 
Published: January 2020

Objective: Hypertension causes 7.5 million deaths annually worldwide. Antihypertensive drugs cause side effects, potentially leading to non-adherence, hence uncontrolled hypertension and increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Therefore, there has been increasing interest in alternative pharmacological treatments for hypertension, one of which is black cumin, or Nigella sativa, a traditional medicine that has been empirically used. This evidence-based case report aims to evaluate the current evidence for the effectiveness of Nigella sativa in reducing blood pressure in a mildly hypertensive patient.
Methods: A literature search was performed on MEDLINE, TRIP Database, Clinical Key, ScienceDirect, and DynaMed, using the keywords “nigella sativa”, “hypertension”, and “blood pressure” with all their synonyms and related terms. The included studies were two systematic reviews and two clinical trials, which were then critically appraised.
Results: Out of the four studies, three were considered valid. In terms of importance, Sahebkar et al. showed a reduction of the weighted mean difference (WMD) by Nigella sativa: −3.26 mmHg, 95% CI: −5.10, −1.42, I2 = 59% for systolic blood pressure and WMD: −2.80 mmHg, 95% CI: −4.28, −1.32, I2 = 60% for diastolic blood pressure. Badar et al. concluded that Nigella sativa significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared with the control group. Two studies were considered applicable to our patient in question.
Conclusion: The current evidence for the effect of Nigella sativa in lowering blood pressure is limited. However, one study gives strong evidence for significant antihypertensive effects of Nigella sativa. In mild hypertension, Nigella sativa could be one of the therapeutic options.
ALOE VERA VS. SILVER SULFADIAZINE FOR TREATING SECOND-DEGREE BURN WOUNDS: EVIDENCE-BASED CASE REPORT
Authors: MENNA CLARA , CALISTA NABILLA , AURINO LEORCA , DWIJAYANTI ADISTI 
Published: January 2020

Objective: Current treatment for second-degree burn wounds, including silver sulfadiazine (SSD) application, may cause side effects such as delayed and incomplete wound healing, leaving a scar. Traditional plants empirically used for burn wounds, such as Aloe vera, seem to be a promising option with good safety profiles.
Methods: We therefore compared Aloe vera to SSD for second-degree burn wounds based on a review of clinical trials obtained by an organized search through the Cochrane, PubMed, and DynaMed databases. Three randomized clinical trials studies were selected, two of which were critically appraised. The third study, with a different outcome assessment, was analyzed separately.
Results: Two studies showed that Aloe vera was more effective in treating second-degree burn wounds than SSD 1% with an absolute risk reduction of 0.2, relative risk reduction of 0.83–1.0, and number needed to treat five patients. The Aloe vera group showed faster healing, earlier epithelialization, and earlier pain alleviation. The third study combined Aloe vera with other herbs, which showed better healing ability and restored skin hydration than those with SSD.
Conclusion: Each of the three articles stated that Aloe vera was more effective than SSD for treating second-degree burn wounds. Nevertheless, each of the studies lacked methodology and comprehensive data reporting.
FORMULATION AND IN-VITRO EVALUATION OF THEOPHYLLINE HYDROCHLORIDE EFFERVESCENT FLOATING TABLETS: EFFECT OF POLYMER CONCENTRATION ON TABLET BUOYANCY
Authors: E. I. AKPABIO , D. E. EFFIONG , T. O. UWAH , N. I. SUNDAY 
Published: January 2020

Objective: This study was undertaken to formulate a floating drug delivery system of theophylline hydrochloride using different concentrations of a chosen polymer and then investigate how polymer concentration affects buoyancy and drug release properties of the tablets.
Methods: Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) at different concentration levels of 15% (F1), 20% (F2) and 30% (F3) was used to form the three formulation batches of floating tablets. Wet granulation method was used for the granule preparation while Sodium bicarbonate and citric acid were used as the gas generating agent. The physical properties of the granules and the floating tablets were evaluated. Also determined were the physicomechanical properties, buoyancy and swelling characteristics of the tablets. The in vitro drug release study was carried out according to the USP I (basket method) for 8h in 900 ml 0.1N HCl at 50 rpm. Samples withdrawn at the regular predetermined time were analyzed spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 271 nm and data obtained statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The differences between means were considered significant at P<0.05.
Results: The result showed that polymer (HPMC) concentration significantly (p>0.05) increased swelling index and improved floating lag time, it had no significant effect on the total floating time. Percentage drug release at the end of 8 h was 100%, 98.2% and 96.13% for formulation F1, F2 and F3, respectively. All three formulations followed the Higuchi drug release kinetics model and the mechanism of drug release was the non Fickian diffusion with exponents of 0.46, 0.51 and 0.56 for the respective batch.
Conclusion: Batch F3 gave a better-controlled drug release and floating properties in comparison to batch F1 and F2 thus Polymer concentration influenced the onset of floating and controlled the release of Theophylline.
Francis Bacon sob o olhar de Gilles Deleuze: a imagem como intensidade
Authors: Fontes Filho Osvaldo 
Published: January 2020

O ensaio de Gilles Deleuze La logique de la sensation é texto que se detém principalmente na prática e na eficácia da imagem. A pintura de Francis Bacon é ali tomada como paradigma de modernidade ao investir contra os clichês expressivos e ao produzir imagem junto à brutalidade dos fatos, como um contra-efeito do narrativo. Em uma obra que conjura todo modelo a representar, toda história a contar, “alguma coisa se passa”, explica Deleuze, “que define o funcionamento da pintura”. Algo se passa, tem lugar: o acontecimento de uma catástrofe e de uma histeria no ato de pintura que acomete a Figura de modo a transmitir uma potencial violência de reação e de expressão. O “Bacon” de Deleuze apresenta a realidade vivida em uma nova e não-convencional ordem de sensação.
Neste artigo, são comentados os modos como o filósofo interpreta os atos físicos da pintura de Bacon — marcas aleatórias, varredura da massa pictural, escansão das superfícies —, procedimentos que introduzem no mundo visual da figuração a variedade caótica dos fatos e sentidos. Mostra-se como as faces e as figuras contorcidas, distorcidas, escorchadas de Bacon recebem uma voz conceitual complementar no texto de Deleuze. Consequentemente, focaliza-se a disposição de alguns conceitos do filósofo: diagrama, Figura, diferença, espaço háptico. Locados no espaço afetivo ou na “lógica da sensação” da pintura baconiana, esses conceitos atribuem legitimidade ao entrelaçamento e à co-implicação entre arte e filosofia.
Uma última observação dá conta do fato de a prática da imagem em Bacon, apresentada por Deleuze no palco de uma modernidade particularmente solapada por um “dilúvio anestésico de imagens reprimindo a possibilidade de pensar”, evidenciar para o filósofo os rumos necessariamente sinuosos, “reptilíneos”, do pensamento moderno. Tanto o conceito como a forma criam por catástrofe, por conflagração, por variações alotrópicas.
PELATIHAN DASAR DAN WORKSHOP KEWIRAUSAHAAN DI DESA CINTARATU KABUPATEN PANGANDARAN
Authors: Sukoco Iwan , Fordian Dian , - Rusdin 
Published: January 2020

Kampus Program Studi Di luar Kampus Utama (PSDKU) Unpad Pangandaran berada di Desa Cintaratu Kecamatan Parigi Kabupaten Pangandaran. Keberadaan PSDKU Unpad Pangandaran tersebut tidak bisa dilepaskan dari masyarakat sekitarnya. Keberadaan PSDKU Unpad Pangandaran dan masyarakat, khususnya di Desa Cintaratu Kabupaten Pangandaran harus bersinergi dan saling memberikan manfaat. Atas dasar itu, Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat (PPM) dilakukan dengan tujuan memberikan pengetahuan dasar mengenai kewirausahaan dan workshop kepada pelaku UMKM di Desa Cintaratu Kabupaten Pangandaran. Sehinggan output dari PPM ini dapat mengembangkan ekonomi dan bisnis masyarakat Desa Cintaratu Kabupaten Pangandaran.Kegiatan yang telah dilaksanakan meliputi social mapping di Desa Cintaratu sebagai bahan acuan dalam menyusun program kerja PPM. Program kerja utama meliputi program fisik dan non fisik. Adapun program fisik yaitu pelatihan kewirausahaan dan workshop, pengelolaan kelompok usaha kecil, pendampingan dan pengelolaan organisasi bersama perangkat desa, pengelolaan inventarisasi dusun, pembuatan organisasi dan perbaikan sistem pengelolaan program pariwisata, peningkatan inovasi produk dalam kelompok usaha masyarakat. sedangkan program non fisik meliputi peningkatan minat mengembangkan usaha dan pelatihan kewirausahaan. Universitas Padjadjaran Pangandaran Campus is located in Cintaratu Village, Parigi Sub-District, Pangandaran District. The existence of the campus cannot be separated from the communities around it, therefore there needs to be synergy that will be mutually beneficial for both. From that perspective, this social service (PPM) was done for the purpose of giving basic knowledge about entrepreneurship and workshops to the UMKM participants in Cintaratu Village, Pangandaran District. The output of this PPM aims to develop the economy and businesses of the Cintaratu Village communities.The activities that has been done started with social mapping of Cintaratu Village as the basis for developing the PPM action plan. Afterwards the entrepreneurship training and workshop, small business group management, guidance and management of an organization training with the help of village government staff were held. Village inventory management, creation of an organization that focuses on tourism and how to manage the tourism programs, and also increasing the product innovation within community businesses were also done during the program. This program also involves efforts to increase the willingness of the community to develop their own businesses and get involved in further entrepreneurship training.