bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eustachian Tube Dysfunction in Adhesive Otitis Media: Obstructive Versus Patulous Types
Authors: Bae Seong Hoon , Cheon Tae Uk , Il Cho Sung , Nam Gi‐Sung 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveUnderstanding the distinct subtypes of adhesive otitis media (AdOM) is crucial for appropriate treatment such as balloon Eustachian tuboplasty (BET), particularly in distinguishing between patulous and obstructive Eustachian tube (ET) function. Nevertheless, AdOM caused by patulous Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) remains underexplored. This study aims to describe the detailed characteristics and define the patulous type of AdOM associated with patulous ETD (PET).Study DesignA prospective cohort study.SettingA total of 62 ears of patients diagnosed with AdOM, PET, and traumatic perforation were included from a tertiary referral center (university hospital).MethodsObstructive–AdOM, patulous–AdOM, PET, and a control group with traumatic perforation patients underwent endoscopic examinations, completed symptom questionnaires, and had passive ET opening pressure evaluated using a modified inflation–deflation test following tympanostomy tube insertion.ResultsPatulous–AdOM was identified in 43% of the patients and was characterized by significantly lower median opening pressures (222 daPa) than those in patients with obstructive–AdOM (400 daPa) and PET (below 100 daPa). Habitual sniffing was reported in 92.3% of patients with patulous–AdOM, and reduced mastoid pneumatization was observed in both the patulous and obstructive subtypes.ConclusionAccurate differentiation between patulous–AdOM and obstructive–AdOM is essential because BET may exacerbate symptoms in patients with patulous characteristics. A comprehensive evaluation of ET function is critical before initiating treatment, underscoring the need for tailored approaches to manage AdOM.
Resistance welding process for glass fiber‐reinforced polypropylene composite joints: Parameter optimization and performance assessment
Authors: Cheng Xiangrong , Su Guiyang , Du Bing , Long Wanling , Liu Jingwei , Feng Tengwen , Chen Liming 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThermoplastic composites are extensively utilized in aircraft, transportation, medical, and various other sectors due to their superior damage tolerance, ease of repair, and consistent processing capabilities. This work focuses on glass fiber reinforced polypropylene composite (GF/PP) composites, specifically the preparation of GF/PP resistance welding single‐lap joints. The optimization aim was the single lap shear strength, and the optimal combination of process parameters was identified through orthogonal testing and response surface methodology as a welding current of 16.7 A, welding pressure of 20 N, and welding time of 75.6 s. Subsequently, the resistance welding process was assessed regarding thermal parameters, mechanical properties, and failure interfaces. The results indicate that the resistance welded joint, under optimal parameters, exhibits a shear strength of 6.656 ± 0.475 MPa, achieving 84% of the benchmark value for hot compression. Its primary failure mode is characterized by a combination of adhesive failure and interlayer damage within the heating element. As the energization time increases, the LSS rises to a maximum peak and subsequently declines, with the maximum shear strength occurring during the reduction in welding displacement.Highlights
Combining orthogonal experimental design with response surface methodology.
Quantification of process parameter‐mechanical property connections.
Welded joints can produce 6.656 shear strength, 84% of the norm for hot pressing.
Resistance‐welded joints have peak shear strength when displacement is reduced.
Preparation of High‐Fidelity Entangled Cat States with Composite Pulses
Authors: Gu Ge‐Ge , Li Dong‐Sheng , Chen Ye‐Hong , Huang Bi‐Hua , Xia Yan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA protocol is proposed for the preparation of high‐fidelity entangled cat states with composite pulses. The physical model contains two Kerr‐nonlinear resonators and a cavity. By properly designing the parameters, each Kerr‐nonlinear resonator is confined in the cat‐state subspace and the entangled cat states can be generated efficiently. Composite two‐photon drives are introduced with multiple amplitudes and frequencies to improve the fidelity of the entangled cat states in the presence of parameter errors. The performance of the protocol is estimated by taking into account the parametric errors and decoherence. Numerical simulation results show that, the protocol is robustness to timing error, detuning error, and decoherence. It is hoped that the protocol may provide a method for preparing stable entangled cat states.
Synergistic Hydrophilic and Electrostatic Induction for Liquid Photonic Crystals of Poly (Acrylic Acid)‐block‐Polystyrene Colloidal Nanospheres From RAFT‐Mediated Emulsion Polymerization
Authors: Zhang Xu , Wang Zhujun , Huang Yi , Teo Nicholas Kai Shiang , Mo Yexi , Hsia Tina , Guo Jianjun , Shao Min , Shao Jianzhong , Thang San H. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLiquid Photonic Crystals (LPCs) represent a distinctive category of photonic materials that merges the ordered structure of colloidal photonic crystals with the dynamic nature of liquids, allowing for flexibility in tuning their assembly and optical properties in response to external stimuli. However, the requirement of high solid content and high stability of these LPCs continue to pose a significant challenge in their controlled synthesis, efficient assembly, and system stabilization. Herein, highly charged poly (acrylic acid)‐b‐polystyrene (PAA‐b‐PS) colloidal nanospheres are synthesized using RAFT‐mediated emulsion polymerization. Under the hydration and electrostatic interactions induced by selected polymeric inducers, PAA‐b‐PS colloidal nanospheres with a uniform carboxylate anion surface are synthesized, capable of forming iridescent LPCs at an overall low solid content (20 wt%) containing localized areas of high solid content. Furthermore, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), one of the polymeric inducers, undergoes photosensitive modification to facilitate the digital light processing (DLP) 3D printed LPCs hydrogel models. This strategy offers innovative approaches for the synthesis, assembly, and 3D‐printed LPC materials, promising applications in smart displays, sensory systems, and optical devices.
Triphenylamine‐Based Porous Organic Polymers with High Porosity: their High Carbon‐Dioxide Adsorption and Proton‐Conductivity Emergence
Authors: Okubo Kohei , Kitajima Showa , Kasai Hitoshi , Oka Kouki 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAmorphous porous organic polymers (POPs) feature high specific surface area and chemical and thermal stability; therefore, they are applied in various fields. It is previously reported that chemical polymerization using iodine as an oxidant enables the synthesis of amorphous POPs without impurities. In this study, an iodine‐based chemical polymerization method is employed to maximize the specific surface area of polytriphenylamine, a typical amorphous POP. Furthermore, 1,3,5‐tris[4‐(diphenylamino)phenyl]benzene, a monomer with three triphenylamine moieties connected by a benzene core, is used to increase the number of reaction points and construct a rigid structure. The resulting poly[1,3,5‐tris[4‐(diphenylamino)phenyl]benzene] (pTTPA) exhibited a high specific surface area. Using 200 equivalents of iodine resulted in a pTTPA with the largest Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area (2134.6 m2 g−1) among previously reported triphenylamine‐based amorphous POPs, and demonstrated a high CO2 adsorption capacity (3.31 mmol g−1 at 25 °C). Furthermore, pTTPA exhibited significant water–vapor adsorption when the BET specific surface area reached 1500 m2 g−1, leading to the emergence of proton conductivity (e.g., 4.33 × 10−6 S cm−1 at 95% RH and 90 °C). The findings demonstrate that iodine‐based chemical polymerization enables the maximization of the porosity of amorphous POPs and the development of proton conductivity within them.
A systematic review on microplastic contamination in marine sediment and water of Asia: Concentration, characterization, and polymeric risk assessment
Authors: Doshi Mahima , Rabari Vasantkumar , Trivedi Jigneshkumar 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMicroplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous in the marine environment and harmful for biodiversity. This review was based on 311 studies published on various online platforms published between 2006 and 2024 on MP contamination in marine sediment and water in different countries of Asia. The research highlights an increasing trend in MP contamination studies, with China and India. Analytical techniques for sample collection, digestion, flotation, and polymer identification are discussed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) emerged as the preferred method for polymer identification. The maximum MP contamination in marine sediments was recorded at Taiwan and Indonesia, while the maximum MP contamination in marine water was recorded in China, Malaysia, and India. The fiber was the most dominant shape. The 1–2 mm and 500 μ—1 mm‐sized MPs having blue color were found dominantly. The pollution indices revealed a very high risk of MP contamination in all the Asian countries.Practitioner Points
China and India are the leading in publications on MP contamination studies.
Common tools used are steel scoop/spatula/shovel for sediment, nets for water.
FTIR is the preferred method for polymer identification.
Highest MP in sediment of Indonesia and in water of China, Malaysia, and India.
Dominant MP shape: fiber; size 1–2 mm and 500 μ–1 mm, blue color.
CRISPR for the High School Classroom
Authors: Wollert David 
Published: February 2025

What You Will Learn in This Chapter
With the unraveling of the mechanism for CRISPR-Cas systems in Streptococcus pyogenes in 2012, the application of the basic knowledge to gene editing revolutionized life science research. The newest gene technology method brings with it the promise of new cures for genetic diseases, bringing us ever closer to truly personalized medicine. It’s a fascinating and potentially controversial topic that will capture the interest of your high school students. Fortunately, there are now plenty of CRISPR-related resources available, including wet-labs that allow students to actually perform CRISPR gene editing in the classroom. Many (perhaps most) high school budgets, however, may not be in a position to purchase and implement expensive lab kits. To meet this need, there are also a variety of free and inexpensive resources to introduce CRISPR in the classroom. The goal of this chapter is to introduce you to CRISPR (also called CRISPR-Cas9) and direct you to some resources for teaching CRISPR to your high school students.
CRISPR in Drosophila
Authors: Vishal Kumar , Van Zant Jeffrey L. , Cripps Richard M. 
Published: February 2025

What You Will Learn from This Chapter
This chapter describes specific techniques plus general curricular approaches to performing CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in Drosophila in a classroom environment. We present several different scenarios for performing CRISPR in Drosophila, that can be adapted depending upon the length of time available for the class, and the technology available to the instructor and students.
The Multicultural Almanac as a Pedagogical Tool in Religious Education
Authors: Jonsson Linda 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Swedish syllabus for primary school, from preschool class to year 3 (F–3), states that ‘Teaching in religion should aim at helping the pupils to develop knowledge of religions and other outlooks on life in their own society and in other parts of the world’ (Skolverket, Läroplan för grundskolan, förskoleklassen och fritidshemmet, Lgr22 [Curriculum for the compulsory school, preschool class and the leisure-time centre], 2022, p. 188). The headings in the syllabus – Living together, Living in the neighbourhood, Living in the world and Exploring reality – indicate that the learning should start with the close and familiar, but it is also be about what we experience as foreign and unknown. In many Swedish classrooms in the lower grades, the calendar/almanac is a natural starting point for the school day. Using the almanac the teacher draws the pupils’ attention to the day of the week and date. The following chapter, taking an intercultural pedagogical and lifeworld-oriented approach, will reason about whether a multicultural almanac as a pedagogical tool can contribute to the pupils seeing themselves as a part of a larger whole. The chapter concludes with some pedagogical implications for an enriching Religious Education (RE) based on the multicultural almanac as a pedagogical tool. The almanac serves as a contribution to creating a sustainable classroom community in diversity and for Education for Sustainable Development (ESD).
Are All Immigrants Equally Healthy? Examining the Healthy Immigrant Paradox Across Age Groups and Education Levels in Spain
Authors: Solé-Auró Aïda 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Immigration has changed the demographic composition and social structure of many Western European countries, which has increased interest in how immigrants age. This chapter examines the health of immigrants versus Spanish-born for individuals aged ≥30 years old using cross-sectional Spanish data from 2014 and 2020. I used descriptive and multivariate models to examine the association between migration status and health outcomes (e.g., chronic health conditions, self-perceived health, Global Activity Limitation Indicator, cognitive impairment, smoking, and overweight). In particular, I explored how the association between immigration status and health varies according to age groups and education levels. I further investigated two separate interactions: the interaction between immigration status and education on health and the interaction between immigration status and age on health. My findings support the existence of the healthy immigrant paradox in Spain, wherein both short- and long-term immigrants generally have much better health conditions than Spanish-born. Considering the diversity of the immigrant population in terms of their countries of origin and educational attainment, future research should focus on understanding the role of educational selectivity in contributing to the observed health inequalities among the considered outcomes over the life course.
The effect of Ukrainian refugees on the local labour markets: the case of Czechia
Authors: Postepska Agnieszka , Voloshyna Anastasiia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Following the Russian Federation’s invasion of Ukraine on

$$24^{th}$$

24

th

February 2022, over a quarter of the Ukrainian population became displaced. Czechia emerged as a key destination, granting temporary protection to approximately 433,000 Ukrainians by the end of 2022, thus sheltering the highest per capita number of Ukrainian refugees worldwide. The swift enactment of the ‘Lex Ukraine Act’ granted the refugees unrestricted access to the labour market. This led to a notable increase in the number of legally employed Ukrainians and expanded Czechia’s workforce. Using individual micro-level data from 16 waves of the Labour Force Sample Survey (LFSS), collected between the

$$1^{\text {st}}$$

1

st

quarter of 2019 and the

$$4^{\text {th}}$$

4

th

quarter of 2022, we examine the short-term impact of the influx of the Ukrainian refugees into the workforce on the labour market outcomes of locals in Czechia. Incorporating several empirical strategies, including a two-way fixed effects model (TWFE), extensions to the canonical difference-in-differences (DiD) estimator, and matching on selective characteristics of individuals/districts and pre-treatment trends, we find consistent evidence that the influx of refugees had no economically meaningful impact on employment, unemployment, or inactivity rates within the local population, regardless of gender, educational level, or industry. Most importantly, we find consistent evidence of an increase in weekly working hours among local females in treated districts. This increase is primarily driven by workers with secondary education employed in the most affected sectors.
Paving the way towards predistribution: a study on the introduction of a land value tax
Authors: Olea Jesús , Hoyos David , García-Enríquez Javier 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper explores the potentiality of implementing a land value tax (LVT) aimed at displacing the existing taxes on real estate and partially the taxes on personal income as a first step towards the implementation of an ecological tax reform. The LVT is simulated in the context of Bizkaia, a Spanish province with fiscal autonomy. A hedonic price model allowing for spatial correlation is used to estimate the tax base and collection capacity. Following Lyons’ (2012) approach, we set as a collection objective the amount derived from the shift of all taxes on real estate and the income tax returns of nearly 75% of the population representing the lowest taxable bases and calculate the average tax per square metre for the whole territory. Then, the proposed LVT is applied proportionally to the site value for each property according to different zones. We find that a proportional rate of 1.05% on the land value would be sufficient in order to carry out the proposed tax displacement. Our findings suggest that focusing tax systems on the predistribution of income rather than on its redistribution may well set fiscal policy on the path towards a sustainable and fair economy.
New Variants of Arithmetic Quantum Ergodicity
Authors: Humphries Peter , Thorner Jesse 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We establish two new variants of arithmetic quantum ergodicity. The first is for self-dual

$$\textrm{GL}_2$$

GL
2

Hecke–Maaß newforms over

$$\mathbb {Q}$$

Q

as the level and Laplace eigenvalue vary jointly. The second is a nonsplit analogue wherein almost all restrictions of Hilbert (respectively Bianchi) Hecke–Maaß cusp forms to the modular surface dissipate as their Laplace eigenvalues grow.
Development and validation of the PACPN: Parents’ Attitudes Towards Crying Pediatricians and pediatric Nurses questionnaire
Authors: Foijer M. , Spek B. , de Vos M. A. , Verhagen A. A. E. , Aris-Meijer J. L. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Crying by healthcare professionals in the medical setting is a common but understudied phenomenon. We aimed to develop a questionnaire which measures the attitudes of parent towards crying pediatricians and pediatric nurses. We assessed reliability and validity in a group of parents of children who are living with, have died from or survived a life-limiting or life-threatening-condition. The development of the PACPN was based on modification of an existing questionnaire and expert input. In a cross-sectional-design, we assessed reliability and validity for both pediatricians and pediatric nurses. Dimensionality was assessed using principal component analysis (PCA). Cronbach’s alphas were calculated for each subscale. For construct validity, participants were asked to rate an additional question regarding the goal to measure parents’ attitudes towards crying pediatricians/pediatric nurses. We hypothesized that a higher score would have a strong positive correlation with the total score of the PACPN. At the end of the questionnaire, participants were asked to rate and comment the completeness. The developed 25-item questionnaire was completed by 116 parents. The PCA revealed two dimensions: (1) family’s circumstances; (2) personal circumstances of the pediatrician/pediatric nurse. Internal consistency was good (pediatricians, .81–.93; pediatric nurses, .83–.93). The hypothesis regarding construct validity was confirmed (Spearman’s rho = .71–.75). The completeness score was 7.7 (min–max 1–10, SD = 1.51).

Conclusion: The PACPN showed good internal consistency and some degree of construct validity. We assume that by adding some items with nuance to the situation and the degree of crying the completeness of the questionnaire will improve.

What is Known:
•
Crying by HCPs in the medical setting, such as the hospital is common but HCPs have different attitudes towards this. • A questionnaire on crying physicians and nurses is available for assessing HCPs attitudes.

What is New:
•
The PACPN questionnaire is a simple tool for assessing parents’ attitudes towards crying pediatricians and pediatric nurses. • The PACPN showed good internal consistency and some degree of construct validity.
Gradient flow solutions for porous medium equations with nonlocal Lévy-type pressure
Authors: Foghem Guy , Padilla-Garza David , Schmidtchen Markus 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We study a porous medium-type equation whose pressure is given by a nonlocal Lévy operator associated to a symmetric jump Lévy kernel. The class of nonlocal operators under consideration appears as a generalization of the classical fractional Laplace operator. For the class of Lévy operators, we construct weak solutions using a variational minimizing movement scheme. The lack of interpolation techniques is ensued by technical challenges that render our setting more challenging than the one known for fractional operators.
Optimization analysis of stiffness and natural frequency of unidirectional and randomly oriented short fiber-reinforced composite materials
Authors: Onyibo Emmanuel Chukwueloka , Gazioglu Aysegul , Abulibdeh Mohammad , Osman Osman Mohamed , Huwail Turki Bin , Alkhatib Mohammed , Aburemeis Amr , Razavi Seyedalireza , Sahmani Saeid , Safaei Babak 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this study, numerical and analytical techniques including finite element analysis (FEA), rule of mixture (ROM), and Halpin–Tsai model were used to study the effects of the fiber volume fraction (FVF) on the vibrational responses of microscale unidirectional (UD) and random short fiber-reinforced (RSFR) finite element (FE)-modeled composite unit cells. It was found that as the FVF increases, so do the strength, resistance to deformation (stiffness), and natural frequency of the fiber-reinforced composite. However, such improvements have also shown to cause an increase in the overall mass of the composites, due to higher FVFs, and therefore, resulting in the exhibition of an early fiber–matrix debonding potential. The results of the simulation showed that the optimal dynamic stability was attained for a FVF of 0.3, and the maximum resistance to deformation with respect to stiffness-to-mass ratio was achieved for a FVF of 0.2. These results highlight the importance of selecting optimum FVFs for achieving the best balance between the desired performance (stiffness-to-mass) and mechanical properties of unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites (UD-FRC) and RSFR composites. Also, the harmonic loading capabilities of the hybrid composites having optimized FVFs were equally investigated.