bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Anticipation of Extirpation
Authors: Nunn Patrick D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs concern about sea level rise grows and optimal solutions are sought to address its causes and effects, little attention has been given to past analogs. This article argues that valuable insights into contemporary discussions about future sea level rise can be gained from understanding those of the past, specifically the ways in which coastal peoples and societies reacted during the period of postglacial sea level rise. For much of the Holocene, most continental people eschewed coastal living in favor of inland areas. In many places large coastal settlements appeared only after the development of polities and associated crosswater networks. Postglacial sea level rise affected coastal living in ways about which we remain largely ignorant. Yet, millennia-old stories from Australia and northwest Europe show how people responded, from which we can plausibly infer their motivations. Stories from Australia say the people have succeeded in halting sea level rise, whereas those from northwest Europe indicate that people have failed, leading to the drowning of coastal cities such as Ys (Brittany) and Cantre’r Gwaelod (Wales). This distinction is explained by the contrasting duration of postglacial sea level rise in these regions; around Australia, sea level stopped rising 7,000 years ago, while along many coasts of northwest Europe it has risen unceasingly since the last ice age ended. The nature of past human and societal responses to postglacial sea level rise holds important insights for the future.
Case Report: Use of hydroxychloroquine and N-acetylcysteine for treatment of a COVID-19 positive patient
Authors: Puyo Carlos , Kreig Danielle , Saddi Venugopal , Ansari Essam , Prince Oliver 
Published: June 2020

There is worldwide concern for lack of specific therapy against the novel Betacoronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This case report presents the results of a pharmacological intervention aimed at modulating the inflammatory effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in an effort to avoid the use of mechanical ventilation. A COVID-19 positive patient was admitted with multisystem organ dysfunction, including acute respiratory insufficiency, and was treated with a combination of low oral doses of hydroxychloroquine and intravenous N-acetylcysteine (NAC). The combination therapy resulted in noticeable clinical improvement and a quantifiable decrease of several of the inflammatory markers measured, in particular ferritin levels, C-reactive protein (CRP) and lactic acid. He also developed pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), both known side effects of COVID-19 infection. Following thrombolysis and heparinization his clinical evolution continued a positive trend until discharge. The therapeutic approach utilized in this case suggests that early intervention not only decrease acute organ dysfunction but also may decrease the need for mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 positive patients.
Assessing the age- and gender-dependence of the severity and case fatality rates of COVID-19 disease in Spain
Authors: Moraga Paula , Ketcheson David I. , Ombao Hernando C. , Duarte Carlos M. 
Published: June 2020

Background:The assessment of the severity and case fatality rates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the determinants of its variation is essential for planning health resources and responding to the pandemic. The interpretation of case fatality rates (CFRs) remains a challenge due to different biases associated with surveillance and reporting. For example, rates may be affected by preferential ascertainment of severe cases and time delay from disease onset to death. Using data from Spain, we demonstrate how some of these biases may be corrected when estimating severity and case fatality rates by age group and gender, and identify issues that may affect the correct interpretation of the results.Methods:Crude CFRs are estimated by dividing the total number of deaths by the total number of confirmed cases. CFRs adjusted for preferential ascertainment of severe cases are obtained by assuming a uniform attack rate in all population groups, and using demography-adjusted under-ascertainment rates. CFRs adjusted for the delay between disease onset and death are estimated by using as denominator the number of cases that could have a clinical outcome by the time rates are calculated. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to compare CFRs obtained using different levels of ascertainment and different distributions for the time from disease onset to death.Results:COVID-19 outcomes are highly influenced by age and gender. Different assumptions yield different CFR values but in all scenarios CFRs are higher in old ages and males.Conclusions:The procedures used to obtain the CFR estimates require strong assumptions and although the interpretation of their magnitude should be treated with caution, the differences observed by age and gender are fundamental underpinnings to inform decision-making.
Introduction to the Special Issue: Understanding the Direct Support Workforce in the United States
Authors: Laws Carol B. , Hewitt Amy S. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This special issue on the direct support workforce highlights the critical role of the direct support workforce in the quality of life of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in the United States. Although there is increasing demand for this workforce, challenges in the recruitment, training, and retention of direct support professionals (DSPs) threatens the safety, health, and full inclusion of people with IDD living in the community. This special issue brings to the forefront current research to understand this workforce and their importance and to consider strategies to address the complex challenges facing DSPs so that people with disabilities can live and thrive in their communities.
A Primer on Single-Case Research Designs: Contemporary Use and Analysis
Authors: Ledford Jennifer R. , Barton Erin E. , Severini Katherine E. , Zimmerman Kathleen N. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The overarching purpose of this article is to provide an introduction to the use of rigorous single-case research designs (SCRDs) in special education and related fields. Authors first discuss basic design types and research questions that can be answered with SCRDs, examine threats to internal validity and potential ways to control for and detect common threats, and provide guidelines for selection of specific designs. Following, contemporary standards regarding rigor, measurement, description, and outcomes are presented. Then, authors discuss data analytic techniques, differentiating rigor, positive outcomes, functional relations, and magnitude of effects.
Similarities in Functional Play and Differences in Symbolic Play of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Thiemann-Bourque Kathy , Johnson Lynette K. , Brady Nancy C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Contradictory reports of play strengths and weaknesses for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) persist in the literature. We compared the play of 19 children with ASD to 19 typically developing (TD) children matched on language and cognitive skills. All children were verbal. Results revealed no differences in indiscriminate actions, functional play, and object interest. The children with ASD showed less symbolic play and a significantly fewer number of children met criteria for emerging or mastered symbolic play. A specific deficit was observed for “doll as agent” symbolic play. Outcomes suggest that compared to children without disabilities, children with ASD may have comparable functional play skills and struggle with the transition to some, but not all types of symbolic play.
Generation of the mechanical Schrödinger cat state in a hybrid atom-optomechanical system
Authors: Etehadi Abari Najmeh , Naderi Mohammad Hossein 
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we propose a new theoretical scheme for generating a macroscopic Schrödinger cat state of a mechanical oscillator in a hybrid optomechanical system where a beam of two-level atoms passes through the cavity. In the model under consideration, the cavity field couples to the macroscopic mirror through the optomechanical interaction while it couples to the atom through a generalized Jaynes–Cummings interaction that involves the cavity-mode structure. The motion of the mirror modifies the cavity-mode function and therefore modulates the atom-field interaction, leading to the three-mode atom-field-mirror coupling or, equivalently, polariton-mirror coupling in a dressed picture. This interaction induces a controllable anharmonicity in the energy spectrum of the mechanical oscillator, which provides the possibility of generating a superposition of two time-dependent coherent states of the mechanical oscillator just by performing a conditional measurement on the internal states of the atoms exiting the optomechanical cavity. We also investigate the tripartite atom-field-mirror entanglement, which is controllable by adjusting the parameters of the system. In addition, we explore the effects of the mechanical dissipation and thermal noise on the tripartite quantum correlation in the system as well as the generated mechanical superposition state.
The Multimodal Writer: Creative Writing across Genres and Media, Josie Barnard (2019)
Authors: Gibson Yates Sarah 
Published: June 2020

Review of: The Multimodal Writer: Creative Writing across Genres and Media, Josie Barnard (2019)
London: Red Globe Press, 192 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-13760-791-1, p/bk, £19.99
Dyskurs u władzy. Filozofia polityczna Michela Foucaulta
Authors: Ostolski Adam 
Published: June 2020

This paper examines one of the important aspects of Michel Foucault’s political philosophy: different mechanisms subordinating people to the governing discourse. In contrast to the prevailing theories of the “public sphere”, seeking an liberation through the liberation of speech, Foucault focuses his attention on the “order of the discourse”, and the inevitable power that language has upon people. Among numerous strategies of power/knowledge the following seem to be of the greatest importance: the power of fiction, exclusion, normalization, and the appropriation of discourse.
Mulberry bodies in the urine sediment of a patient with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Martínez-Figueroa Carlos , Cortés-Sarabia Karen , Catalán-Nájera Hilda Guadalupe , Martínez-Alarcón Micaela 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Fabry disease is a hereditary disease caused by a mutation in the α-galactosidase A (GLA) gene resulting in the accumulation of glycosphingolipids in different organs. Timely diagnosis is crucial for the early initiation of treatment to avoid organic dysfunction secondary to lipid accumulation. In view of the above, a number of studies have been performed to assess the role of mulberry bodies as a new diagnostic tool. In this study, we report a case demonstrating the utility of this test.

Case presentation
We report the case of a woman of advanced age without a history of chronic disease with symptoms consistent with urinary tract infection (dysuria, pelvic pain, and frequent urination). Based on laboratory test results, a diagnosis of anemia with concomitant chronic kidney disease was established. Urine test revealed microhematuria, proteinuria, urine sediment, and the presence of lipid particles consistent with mulberry bodies.

Conclusions
The identification of mulberry bodies and cells in urine sediment is an easy-to-use tool potentially useful in diagnosing Fabry disease, which may contribute to initiate enzyme replacement therapy in a timely manner and reduce systemic deterioration.
Artificial intelligence with neural networks in optical measurement and inspection systems
Authors: Heizmann Michael , Braun Alexander , Hüttel Markus , Klüver Christina , Marquardt Erik , Overdick Michael , Ulrich Markus 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Optical measuring and inspection systems play an important role in automation as they allow a comprehensive and non-contact quality assessment of products and processes. In this field, too, systems are increasingly being used that apply artificial intelligence and machine learning, mostly by means of artificial neural networks. Results achieved with this approach are often very promising and require less development effort. However, the supplementation and replacement of classical image processing methods by machine learning methods is not unproblematic, especially in applications with high safety or quality requirements, since the latter have characteristics that differ considerably from classical image processing methods. In this paper, essential aspects and trends of machine learning and artificial intelligence for the application in optical measurement and inspection systems are presented and discussed.
Intelligent methods for root cause analysis behind the center line deviation of the steel strip
Authors: Tiensuu Henna , Tamminen Satu , Haapala Olli , Röning Juha 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This article presents a statistical prediction model-based intelligent decision support tool for center line deviation monitoring. Data mining methods enable the data driven manufacturing. They also help to understand the manufacturing process and to test different hypotheses. In this study, the original assumption was that the shape of the strip during the hot rolling has a strong effect on the behaviour of the steel strip in Rolling, Annealing and Pickling line (RAP). Our goal is to provide information that enables to react well in advance to strips with challenging shape. In this article, we show that the most critical shape errors arising in hot rolling process will be transferred to critical errors in RAP-line process as well. In addition, our results reveal that the most critical feature characterizes the deviation better than the currently used criterion for rework. The developed model enables the user to understand better the quality of the products, how the process works, and how the quality model predicts and performs.
Multi-step purification method of water-soluble oligosaccharides produced from hardwood and softwood
Authors: Francillon Juliette , Chirat Christine , Boisset Claire , Buon Laurine 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Pressurized hot water pretreatment was performed on softwood (SW) and hardwood (HW) chips following the same conditions (1 h at 170 °C) in order to partly hydrolyse hemicelluloses. The complete characterization of these sugar enriched autohydrolysates (AH) being rather complex, two different purification methods were conducted. Nanofiltration (NF) 1kDa membrane and ultrafiltration (UF) 3 and 5kDa membranes were used to separate oligosaccharides (OS) from undesired compounds and for their molar mass fractionation. Granulated activated charcoal (GAC) adsorption was also used for hydrolysates detoxification. The chemical nature of OS and side charge groups vary significantly depending of the fractions obtained, e. g. xylans' chain length is positively correlated with the degree of acetylation. UF at 5kDa allows for the total separation of galactoglucomannans (GGMs) from xylans, in SW AH, however, this result was not achieved with HW. From the acid soluble lignin (ASL) removal point of view, membrane filtration from 1kDa is more efficient than activated carbon treatment concerning HW AH, on the contrary to SW AH. Regarding the lignin to OS ratio, for both species, GAC leads to a better sugar purity.
Laser pressure welding of Al-Li alloy 2198: effect of welding parameters on fusion zone characteristics associated with mechanical properties
Authors: Zhao Tianbo , Sato Yutaka S. , Xiao Rongshi , Huang Ting , Zhang Jingquan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAl-Li alloy 2198 exhibits good combination of toughness and strength but its application is strongly limited by the poor weldability due to the formation of porosities during fusion-welding. This is the first study proposing and verifying a new approach to produce defect-free laser welds of poorly fusion-weldable Al-Li alloy 2198 with applied external pressure, i.e., feasibility of laser pressure welding to Al-Li alloy 2198 was examined. The microstructures associated with tensile shear behavior of laser pressure welded Al-Li alloy 2198 obtained at various welding parameters were analyzed. The results showed that formation of the welding defect in the weld could be successfully suppressed by applying laser pressure welding, even without shielding gas. Three microstructural zones, including the chill zone, the columnar zone and the equiaxed zone were observed in the fusion zone. Size of fusion zone and area fraction of porosities generally increased with increasing roller pressure and welding heat-input, and they dominantly affected the tensile shear behavior, including the peak load and the failure mode, of the weld.
Determinants of substance use among young people attending an urban primary health center in Delhi
Authors: Mogan KA , Venkatesh U , Kapoor Richa , Kumar Mukesh 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Substance abuse remains one of the major challenges in young people, as it is one of the top five causes of disability-adjusted life years (DALY). The present study aims to find the prevalence and determinants of substance use among young people attending an urban primary health center in Delhi.

Methodology
Systematic random sampling was used to enroll the calculated sample size of 190. Substance use was assessed using ASSIST (an Alcohol Smoking Substance Involvement Screening Tool) and brief intervention was given based on the standard guidelines of ASSIST. The total score among the substance users is calculated and divided into Grades 1, 2 or 3. Log binomial regression was performed to quantify the association between substance use and covariates such as age, sex, education, occupation, family history of substance use, socio-economic status and family type. The association was expressed in odds ratio (OR) with 95 percent confidence interval (CI).

Result
The mean age of study participants was 18.6 ± 4.1, ranges from 10 to 24 years. Out of 48 substance users, 43.7% were consuming only tobacco, 22.9% were consuming only alcohol and 33.3% were polysubstance users. The history of substance use among family members of participants was found to be 46.3%. Median substance involvement score of tobacco, alcohol and cannabis users was 19 (IQR: 14.5–22), 19 (IQR: 13.5–25) and 22.5 (IQR: 22–23), respectively. Among tobacco users, 2.7% were Grade 1 and 7.2% were Grade 2. Four (16%), 20 (80%) and one (4%) of alcohol users were Grades 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Among the cannabis users, four (100%) were in the Grade 2 category. The median age of initiation of substance use among users was 16 (range 13–21) years. The analysis shows substance use was almost 25 times (adjusted OR = 25.84, 95% CI 5.65–118.09) more common among males and it increase by 2.5 times with a decrease in socio-economic status (adjusted OR = 2.52, 95% CI 1.27–5.02) and the result is significant. The substance use was almost 7 times higher when there is a family history of substance usage (adjusted OR = 7.40, 95% CI 2.15–25.4). Residential and marital status were not significantly associated with substance use.

Conclusion
Male sex, lower socio-economic status, participants currently not going to school/college, family history of substance use were found to be significant predictors of substance use among the study participants.
Validation of SPH-FE Numerical Modeling of the Interaction between a High-Speed Water Jet and a PMMA Target by CEL Model and Experimental Study
Authors: Ben Belgacem I. , Cheikh L. , Barhoumi E.M. , Khan W. , Ben Salem W. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we present a numerical simulation of a round impacting jet using coupled Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) and Finite Element (FE) methods. Numerical results are compared with the results of another simulation carried out by the CEL (Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian) method. A water jet with a spherical head was used at an initial speed of 570 m/s to impact a flat plate made of Polymethyl-Methacrylate (PMMA). To model the entire process, the SPH method was used to model the water jet and the FE method for the PMMA structure. The distribution of the pressure on the impact surface and the resulting deformation of the structure were discussed. A Numerical model was developed using ABAQUS/Explicit version 6.14. Results of the coupled SPH-FE simulation were further validated. It is demonstrated that the CEL method presents smoother curves compared to the SPH method. These comparisons serve not only to validate the numerical simulation but also to give guidance in formulating the SPH-FEM numerical model.
Approximation by Stancu–Chlodowsky type λ-Bernstein operators
Authors: Mursaleen M. , Al-Abied A. A. H. , Salman M. A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we give some approximation properties by
Stancu–Chlodowsky type λ-Bernstein operators in the polynomial weighted space and
obtain the convergence properties of these operators by using Korovkin’s theorem. We also establish the direct result and the Voronovskaja type asymptotic formula.
Convergence theorem for a finite family of asymptotically demicontractive multi-valued mappings in CAT(0) spaces
Authors: Ugwunnadi Godwin C. , Mewomo Oluwatosin T. , Izuchukwu Chinedu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce the class of asymptotically demicontractive multivalued mappings and establish a strong convergence theorem of the modified Mann iteration to a common fixed point of a finite family of asymptotically demicontractive multivalued mappings in a complete

CAT
⁢

(
0
)

{\mathrm{CAT}(0)}

space. We also give a numerical example of our iterative method to show its applicability.
Use of birth weight- vs. ultrasound-derived fetal weight classification methods: implications for detection of abnormal umbilical artery Doppler
Authors: Finneran Matthew M. , Ware Courtney A. , Russo Jessica , Webster Shaylyn , Mathew Susanne , Buhimschi Irina A. , Buhimschi Catalin S. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To compare a birth weight-derived (Brenner) and multiple ultrasound-derived [Hadlock, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium (INTERGROWTH)] classification systems’ frequency of assigning an antenatal estimated fetal weight (EFW) <10% and subsequent detection rate for abnormal umbilical artery Doppler (UAD).

Methods
We analyzed 569 consecutive non-anomalous singleton gestations identified by ultrasound with either an abdominal circumference (AC) <3% or EFW <10% at a tertiary medical center between 1/2012 and 12/2016. The biometric measurements were exported for all serial ultrasounds and the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated for the diagnosis of any abnormal UAD, absent or reversed end-diastolic flow (AREDF), and small for gestational age (SGA) for each classification method.

Results
Brenner classified less patients with EFW <10% (49.7%) vs. the comparison methods (range: 84.2–85.0%; P < 0.001). The sensitivity was highest using Hadlock for detection of any abnormal UAD [96.6%; confidence interval (CI) 92.8–98.8%], AREDF (100%; CI 95.1–100%), and SGA (89.0%; CI 85.4–91.6%). However, there was minimal variation between the Hadlock, NICHD, and INTERGROWTH methods for detection of the studied outcomes. The AUCs for any abnormal UAD, AREDF, and SGA were highest for the Brenner method, but there were a substantial number of false-negative results with lower overall detection rates.

Conclusions
Use of a birth weight-derived method to assign a fetal weight <10% as the threshold to initiate UAD surveillance has a lower detection rate for abnormal UAD when compared to ultrasound-derived methods. Despite substantial methodological differences in the creation of the Hadlock, NICHD, and INTERGROWTH methods, there were no differences in the detection rates of abnormal UAD.