bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Особенности преподавания учебного предмета «Литературное чтение» в начальных классах образовательных организаций с родным (нерусским) и русским (неродным) языком обучения
Authors: Khayrullin R. , Verkholomova E. , Surzhikova L. 
Published: May 2020

Вслед за авторитетными учеными-методистами, занимающимися проблемой преподавания русского языка и литературы в национальной школе, авторы утверждают, что для обеспечения высокого уровня образования нерусских учащихся, нужны специальные учебники, которые учитывают психолого-педагогические особенности нерусских учеников. В качестве примера в статье рассматривается линия учебников по Литературному чтению под редакцией проф. М.В. Черкезовой, созданная специально для образовательных организаций с родным (нерусским) и русским (неродным) языком обучения.The article shows the peculiarities of teaching the subject Literary Reading in primary classes of schools with native (non-Russian) and Russian (non-native) language of education. Along with authoritative scientists-methodologists dealing with teaching Russian language and literature at national schools, the authors claim that for ensuring high education level of non-Russian pupils, special textbooks that consider psychology and pedagogical peculiarities of non-Russian pupils are needed. As proof, the line of textbooks of Literary reading under the editorship of M.V. Cherkezova created especially for the types of educational institutions is considered in the article.
Менторинг формирования языковой личности в национально-региональных условиях Татарстана
Authors: Khalitova L. , Pachkova V. , Gerasimova V. 
Published: May 2020

Авторы рассказывают о своем опыте поликультурного образования в гимназии 3 Зеленодольского муниципального района Республики Татарстан, введении менторинга при изучении английского, русского и татарского языков. Особая роль в воспитательном процессе отводится сотрудничеству с Ассамблеей народов Татарстана и созданному в гимназии музею Известные татары современности (ныне Центр развития и популяризации татарского языка).The authors tell about their experience of multicultural education in Gymnasium No. 3 of Zelenodolsk municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan. They introduce the mentoring in the study of English, Russian and Tatar languages. A special role in the educational process is given to cooperation with the Assembly of peoples of Tatarstan and the gymnasium Museum Famous Tatars of our time (now the Center for the development and popularization of the Tatar language).
Обращение по номинациям семейного родства у русских и у индонезийцев как отражение национальных культур
Authors: Machdalena S. 
Published: May 2020

Автор исследует особенности номинаций семейного родства у русских, которые образуются с суффиксами, указывающими на уровень отношений между коммуникантами, как то: диминутивность, вежливость, уважаемость, в то время как у индонезиецев различия использования терминов в разных регионах не указывает на уровень отношений между адресантом и адресатом. Различие языков указывает на различия в культуре, образе мышления, менталитете и традициях.This article deals with Russian and Indonesian family affiliation nominations that are very different. In Russian, nomination of family affiliation formed with the suffixes, indicate a level of relations between adreser and adresee such as diminutiveness, politeness, respect, while in Indonesian nomination of family affiliation is different. The variety in using the terms in different regions of the country does not indicate a level of relationship between adreser and adresee. Different languages show different cultures, ways of thinking, mentality and traditions of the two nations.
SANGICOCCUS SP., A NEW RECORD OF PEST DEVASTATING COCONUT PALMS IN PALAWAN, PHILIPPINES
Authors: E.P. Pacumbaba  , J.C. Orense  , M.B. Zipagan  , M.L.R. Imperial  
Published: May 2020

Sangicoccus sp. nr. truncatispinus (Reyne) (Eriococcidae: Homoptera) is recorded for the first time as a major pest of coconut palms in the Philippines. It is also the first record among the coconut growing areas in the world. It sucks the plant sap resulting to chlorosis of leaves. Furthermore, honeydew droplets exuded by the pest accumulated on upper leaf surfaces become substrate for sootymolds.

The severe infestation observed in late 1980’s already spread to 6 out of 8 municipalities of the southern second district of Palawan. Presently, crop losses are estimated to reach 53% of the nut yield. The prevailing easterly and westerly wind directions of 1-5 m/sec coupled with the dense manner of planting enabled first instar nymphs (crawlers) to spread to other palms. The long dry spell also favored the proliferation of Sangicoccus sp.bv.

Controlling the spread and outbreak of this pest seems to be difficult as it thrives on eleven alternate hosts. Ant attendance contributed to dispersal and protection from natural enemies. Moreover, field population of ten predatory species remained minimal. Possible strategies for its control are presented.
Boron Deficiency of Coconut (Cocos nucifera Lin.): A Field Note
Authors: Severino S. Magat  , Luis  G. Cruz  
Published: May 2020

The soil and external supply of micronutrient boron (B) clearly affect the coconut crop’s growth and development; and, thus, the yield and quality of produce, particularly during the dry season (< 75 mm rainfall/month).

A clear deficiency of B in young palms of several farms ( 11 out of 37) was observed in a project site of a nationwide multi-location piloting (MULTILOC ACTPRO) of coconut varieties and hybrids located in an inland area of Linabu, Balingasag, Misamis Oriental, Northern Mindanao, Philippines. The deficiency in young coconut is characterized by the presence of deformed leaf fronds or “little leaf”, followed by non-splitting or delayed opening of leaflets that usually appear in zigzag-like pattern in advanced or severe deficiency stage. The apical shoot blackens, exhibiting growth failure and death of tissues and plant per se.

Photographs of the boron deficiencies in sample farms, and recommended correcting measures are presented.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF COCONUT ESTATES
Authors: T.S.G. Peiris  , M.T.N. Fernando  , U.P. de S. Waidayanatha  
Published: May 2020

The yield gap between the potential and actual productivity has been widening in coconut estates (>9 ha) over the years. Among many reasons, the non-adoption and incorrect adoption of recommended agronomic and crop management practices on coconut cultivation have largely contributed to this yield gap. A survey carried out by the Coconut Research Institute (CRI) indicated that the lack of competent caretakers to correctly implement the crop management practices is a major reason to the yield gap and that there is an urgent demand for trained Farm Managers. Eight percent of the estates was identified as ‘poor’ with respect to the nut yield and the standard of the management practice adopted. Majority of both proprietors and caretakers (75%) was not satisfied with the productivity of their estates. The performance of the estates was significantly associated with the land suitability class of coconut and the uses of recommend practices. About 75% of the caretakers had not received any training on coconut cultivation. According to the perception of the proprietors, males between 25-30 years of age are the best group to be trained as Farm Managers. The training course should include theory and practice on all aspects of coconut cultivation, intercropping, animal production, labour management, accounting procedures in estates, and the use of agricultural machinery.
PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED COCONUT VARIETIES/ HYBRIDS UNDER SEQUENTIAL COCONUT TODDY AND NUT PRODUCTION SCHEME OR SCTNP
Authors: M.I. Secretaria  , R.M. Ebuna  , S.S. Magat  , J.N. Maravilla  , G.A. Santos  , G.B. Baylon  
Published: May 2020

The response to sequential coconut toddy and nut production (SCTNP) scheme of four coconut varieties/hybrids at PCA-Zamboanga Research Center, San Ramon, Zamboanga City showed that the dwarf x tall hybrids, Malayan red dwarf x Baybay tall (MRD x BAYT), Malayan red dwarf x Tagnanan tall (MRD x TAGT) and Catigan green dwarf x Laguna tall (CATD x LAGT) produced significantly higher toddy (495 – 699 li/tree/yr) and nut yield (143-169 nuts/tree/yr) compared to tall cultivar, ‘Laguna’ LAGT (364 li and 123 nuts per tree per year). Varietal difference in terms of the floral and vegetative characteristics of the coconut cultivar and hybrids contributed significantly to the differences in the sap/toddy and nut yields.
INFLUENCE OF DRIP IRRIGATION ON GROWTH, NUT CHARACTERS AND YIELD OF COCONUT IN LITTORAL SANDY SOIL
Authors: R. Dhanapal  , H.P. Maheswarappa  , P. Subramanian  
Published: May 2020

A field experiment was conducted at Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, India for six years (1993-1999) to study the impact of drip irrigation levels and mulching on coconut in littoral sandy soil. The treatments consisted of three levels of drip irrigation (66, 100, and 133 % of open pan evaporation (E0)) along with basin irrigation (100 % of E0) and rainfed control as main plot treatments and mulching with coconut leaves and no mulching as sub plot treatments. The experimental results revealed that annual leaf production and leaf nutrient status of coconut was better in the irrigated treatments compared to the rainfed control. The drip irrigation at 66 per cent of E0 (27 litres of water per palm per day during December-January months and 32 litres of water per palm per day during February-May months) resulted in water saving and the nut yield was on par with 100 per cent and 133 per cent of E0 through drip and 100 per cent of E0 through basin irrigation and differed significantly compared to rainfed control. The nut characters like nut weight, husk weight, copra thickness, copra content and copra yield was superior under irrigated treatments compared to rainfed control. The copra yield was 499 kg per ha under rainfed condition, where as it was 2087 to 2202 kg per ha under irrigated treatments. Irrigation along with mulching with coconut leaves resulted in significantly higher nut yields.
Atatürk Dönemi Ekonomi Politikalarına Yönelik Yapılmış Olan Çalışmaların Analizi
Authors: ŞENEL UZUNKAYA Seçil 
Published: May 2020

Türkiye
Cumhuriyeti ilk kurulduğu yıllarda ekonomik anlamda oldukça olumsuz şartlara
sahiptir. Bunun en temel nedeni, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’ndan devralınan yüksek
tutarlı borçlar ve savaşlarda hayatını kaybeden genç nüfusun ülkedeki işgücünü
olumsuz etkilemesidir. Bu ekonomik olumsuzlukları minimum seviyelere
indirebilmek ve ülkenin ekonomik anlamda kalkınabilmesini sağlayabilmek
amacıyla Atatürk tarafından bir dizi ekonomi politikaları uygulanmıştır. İki
farklı dönem aralığında incelenebilen bu politikaların ilki 1923 ve 1929 dönem
aralığını kapsayan dışa açık ekonomi modelidir. Bunun ardından, 1929-1938 dönem
aralığını kapsayan devletçi ekonomi uygulamaları söz konusudur. Atatürk
tarafından uygulanan bu ekonomi politikalarının çok başarılı sonuçlar verdiği
görülmektedir. Bu büyük başarı literatürde birçok yazarın da araştırma konusunu
oluşturmuştur. Bu çalışmada da Atatürk
döneminde uygulanan ekonomi politikalarını konu eden çalışmaların analiz
edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, ulusal ve uluslararası yazında taranan bazı
makalelerin detayları hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Atatürk’ün para
ve maliye politikalarının detaylıca açıklandığı tarihsel bir çalışmanın
bulunmadığı görülmüştür. Belirtilen hususa ek olarak, Atatürk’ün ekonomi
politikalarına yönelik sayısal verilerin dikkate alınarak istatistiki bir
analizin yapılacağı yeni bir çalışmanın literatüre katkı sağlayacağı
düşünülmektedir.
A Solar Magnetic-fan Flaring Arch Heated by Nonthermal Particles and Hot Plasma from an X-Ray Jet Eruption
Authors: Lee Kyoung-Sun , Hara Hirohisa , Watanabe Kyoko , Joshi Anand D. , Brooks David H. , Imada Shinsuke , Prasad Avijeet , Dang Phillip , Shimizu Toshifumi , Savage Sabrina L. , Moore Ronald , Panesar Navdeep K. , Reep Jeffrey W. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We have investigated an M1.3 limb flare, which develops as a magnetic loop/arch that fans out from an X-ray jet. Using Hinode/EIS, we found that the temperature increases with height to a value of over 107 K at the loop top during the flare. The measured Doppler velocity (redshifts of 100–500 km s−1) and the nonthermal velocity (≥100 km s−1) from Fe xxiv also increase with loop height. The electron density increases from 0.3 × 109 cm−3 early in the flare rise to 1.3 × 109 cm−3 after the flare peak. The 3D structure of the loop derived with Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory/EUV Imager indicates that the strong redshift in the loop-top region is due to upflowing plasma originating from the jet. Both hard X-ray and soft X-ray emission from the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager were only seen as footpoint brightenings during the impulsive phase of the flare, then, soft X-ray emission moved to the loop top in the decay phase. Based on the temperature and density measurements and theoretical cooling models, the temperature evolution of the flare arch is consistent with impulsive heating during the jet eruption followed by conductive cooling via evaporation and minor prolonged heating in the top of the fan loop. Investigating the magnetic field topology and squashing factor map from Solar Dynamics Observatory/HMI, we conclude that the observed magnetic-fan flaring arch is mostly heated from low atmospheric reconnection accompanying the jet ejection, instead of from reconnection above the arch as expected in the standard flare model.
POPPER’S MORAL INDIVIDUALISM AND ITS IMPLICATION FOR REASONABLE DIALOGUE: FOCUS ON HACOHEN’S AND O’HEAR’S INQUIRY OF POPPER’S ETHICS
Authors: Muhammad Ateeq  
Published: May 2020

It is said that the social conflicts and disputes can be resolved by dialogue between opposing groups. Karl popper argues that if social conflicts are resolved with the authoritarian attitude that our arguments are conclusive then this attitude imposes its opinion and hence it cannot provide the ground for reasonable dialogue. Karl Popper rejects authoritarian attitude on the basis of his critique of absolute knowledge. He believes in fallibility of knowledge. He thinks that if disagreementsare resolved with an attitude that our arguments are rational but are not conclusive then this attitude is ready to be convinced by other. Hence it can provide the ground for reasonable dialogue. Popper is of the view that an attitude is moral as it believes in equality of men. Hacohen and O’Hear critically examine Popper’s fallibilism. They identify a problem that fallibilism ultimately leads Popper to anti-foundationalism which makes ethics purely individualistic. In this paper I focus on this problem and workout how Popper’s moral individualism is inadequate for possibility of reasonable dialogue.
GENESIS OF COALITION POLITICS IN INDIA: A REVIEW OF EARLY TO PRESENT
Authors: Singh Rajkumar , Prakash Chandra Singh 
Published: May 2020

In the election of 17th Lok Sabha held in mid-2019, the Indian political parties tried hard to be a tie-up with each other against the present Modi-led NDA dispensation. In independent India, first, such attempt was made early in 1974 and started a new process of consolidation of opposition forces by the merger. In line, the Bharatiya Lok Dal (BLD) was formed by the merger of seven political parties and in this process, the constituent units lost their identity in the BLD. At the time although Congress (O) and the Jana Sangh were ready to cooperate but refused to lose their existence. Their experiences of emergency proved a blessing for them and they came together and formed an alliance called Janata Party, to challenge the Congress leadership of the time. Likewise, as of today in 2018-19 the Bharatiya Janata Party is the country’s largest political party in terms of representation in the national parliament and state assemblies and all political parties of present-day India with Indian National Congress as forerunner with the help of regional party try a futile attempt first to challenge and then to defeat the BJP in various elections. Although with a great difference in the situation the motto of opposition parties has been one and only to give weighty protest to turn the events in their favour. This ups and downs of Indian politics may prove a path-breaking for other developing countries where political parties are struggling hard to gain power but did not succeed on account of causes best known to them.
FLOUTING OF GRICEANS MAXIMS IN COMEDY DRAMAS
Authors: Zeb Faiza 
Published: May 2020

The only way to be successful now days in every field of life is the effective use of verbal expression. Language serves as a toolkit to inform, reveal, explore, expose, explain, manipulate, exaggerate, intensify, mitigate and what not. It has every hidden potential to serve its users. Significance of this toolkit of language can also be a bravura feature in gaining comic and/or tragic effects in media. The language of the media violates its few communicative principles which can be termed as Gricean cooperative principle, to serve the specific interests via playing upon the common use of language. The present study explores the intricacies involved in any communication to achieve comic effects. For this purpose, Gricean maxims have been investigated thoroughly with the help of Pakistani comedy show “Bulbulay” which is a famous TV series all over the country. The TV series is considered to be popular among the masses due to its different and unique language that is achieved by flouting the maxims in Gricean’s terminology. The study explains the inimitable ways of achieving comic effects in series and also suggests further work on other areas regarding the unusual use of language to achieve desired results.
A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to assess the effects of a combined nutraceutical on endothelial function in patients with mild-to-moderate hypercholesterolaemia
Authors: Pecchioli Valerio , Cicero Arrigo F.G. , Lomartire Nazareno , Gemmiti Maria , Colangeli Antonello , Germanò Rosanna , Corsi Maria , Germanò Giuseppe 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionThere is growing interest in lipid-lowering nutraceuticals; however, there are a relative scarcity of data on combined compounds. This study was aimed to assess the efficacy and tolerability of a combined nutraceutical (CARDIOL® Forte – CF) containing polyunsaturated fatty acids, hydroxytyrosol, Coenzyme Q10, folic acid, B<sub>12</sub> and E vitamins, piperine, and red yeast rice in patients with mild-to-moderate hypercholesterolaemia.Material and methodsIn this single-centre, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study enrolled subjects who were randomised to receive the tested combined nutraceutical for 16 weeks (CF group) or placebo (control group), in association with a low-fat diet. After 8 weeks of treatment, all patients underwent a 15-day washout period; then, a further 8 weeks of treatment was planned.ResultsOf 80 enrolled subjects, 37 completed the study in the CF group and 38 in the control group. After 8 weeks of treatment, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were reduced by 17% in the CF group and by 6.4% in the control group, compared to baseline (p = 0.0001); these changes were improved at the end of study. Total cholesterol and triglyceride levels significantly decreased during treatment; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol did not change. In the CF group, flow-mediated dilation increased by 18.8% after 8 weeks and by 39.3% at the end of treatment. No adverse events or musculoskeletal disorders were reported in either group.ConclusionsThe tested combined nutraceutical, in association with a controlled diet, can reduce cholesterol levels and improve endothelial function, thus reducing the cardiovascular risk in patients with mild-to-moderate hypercholesterolaemia.
Interferon-γ release assays for tuberculous meningitis diagnosis: a meta-analysis
Authors: Lan You , Chen Wei , Yan Qun , Liu Wenen 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionTuberculous meningitis (TBM) is still a great challenge to global public health. As conventional diagnostic methods for TBM are unsatisfactory, interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs) have been introduced for TBM diagnosis tentatively. However, the role of IGRAs for diagnosing TBM remains unclear. Thus, we systematically evaluated the diagnostic performance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood (PB) IGRAs in TBM to fill this blank.Material and methodsRelevant studies were systematically searched in both foreign and Chinese databases up to March 2018. Studies in which TBM diagnosis was based on microbiological or clinical criteria were included. The quality of the included studies was assessed through the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) tool. Main outcome measures, including sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR) and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), were pooled statistically using random effects models. The potential heterogeneity was explored by threshold effect analysis, subgroup analyses and meta-regression. Funnel plots and Egger’s test were used to test the potential publication bias. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata and Meta-DiSc software.ResultsTwenty-six out of 656 publications were eligible for meta-analysis, including 1892 participants in total. The pooled estimates of PB IGRAs for TBM diagnosis are as follows: sensitivity: 0.81 (95% CI: 0.78–0.84); specificity: 0.76 (95% CI: 0.73–0.78); PLR: 4.23 (95% CI: 2.95–6.07); NLR: 0.24 (95% CI: 0.19–0.32) and DOR: 21.06 (11.91-37.24). The corresponding estimates for CSF IGRAs were obtained: sensitivity: 0.81 (95% CI: 0.76–0.85); specificity: 0.89 (95% CI: 0.86–0.92); PLR: 7.87 (95% CI: 4.98–12.46); NLR: 0.19 (95% CI: 0.13–0.29); and DOR: 47.74 (25.02–91.12).ConclusionsThe diagnostic performance of IGRAs is suboptimal. In terms of cost, turn-around time and accessibility, these assays are unsuitable for use as biomarkers for TBM diagnosis.
The most frequent Polish ATM mutations are not susceptibility factors for tobacco-related cancers
Authors: Podralska Marta , Dzikiewicz-Krawczyk Agnieszka , Mosor Maria , Żurawek Magdalena , Iżykowska Katarzyna , Słomski Ryszard , Rydzanicz Małgorzata , Gabryel Piotr , Dyszkiewicz Wojciech , Ziółkowska-Suchanek Iwona 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionThe inactivation of both alleles of the ATM gene leads to ataxia-telangiectasia syndrome, whereas carriers of monoallelic mutations in the ATM gene are associated with increased risk of different types of cancer. Three substitutions in the ATM gene (c.6095G>A, c.7630-2A>C, c.5932G>T) are the most common mutations causing ataxia-telangiectasia among Polish patients. The aim of this study was to determine whether these ATM mutations are associated with increased risk of tobacco-related cancers.Material and methods783 Polish patients with tobacco-related cancers were included in the study (468 with lung cancer, 153 with a single laryngeal cancer, 86 with multiple primary tumors localized in the larynx and 76 multiple primary tumors localized in the head or neck). The control group consisted of 464 healthy subjects from the Polish population. Three ATM mutations – c.5932G>T, c.6095G>A, c.7630-2A>C – were tested among selected patients. Molecular analyses were performed using high resolution melting analysis and restriction fragment length polymorphism.ResultsIn the present study, we detected only one mutation, c.7630-2A>C, and no carriers of c.5932G>T, c.6095G>A mutations in the ATM gene among Polish patients with tobacco-related cancers. A patient with c.7630-2A>C mutation was diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma, the most common type of lung cancer. One carrier of c.6095G>A mutation was found in the control group.ConclusionsThe results indicate that the studied ATM variants do not seem to be associated with tobacco-related cancers in Poland.