bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shared response to changes in drainage basin: Phylogeography of the Yunnan small narrow‐mouthed frog, Glyphoglossus yunnanensis (Anura: Microhylidae)
Authors: Zhang Dong‐Ru , Hui Hong , Yu Guo‐Hua , Song Xin‐Qiang , Liu Shuo , Yuan Si‐Qi , Xiao Heng , Rao Ding‐Qi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimWith the late Cenozoic uplift of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP), drainage of the southeastern edge of the QTP changed significantly. However, the impact of this dramatic change on the geographical distribution and genetic diversity of endemic organisms is still poorly understood. Here, we examined the geographical patterns of genetic variation in the Yunnan small narrow‐mouthed frog, Glyphoglossus yunnanensis (Microhylidae), and two alternative hypotheses were tested: That is, the geographical distribution of genetic variation was determined by either the contemporary drainage basin or historical drainage basins.LocationThe Mountains of southwest China.Materials and methodsAnalyses were based on 417 specimens collected from across the distribution of the species. We reconstructed the genealogy (Bayesian and maximum parsimony methods) and assessed demographic history based on DNA sequencing data from mitochondrial and nuclear markers. We also mapped the genetic diversity and estimated the divergence times by a relaxed clock model.ResultsThe species has maintained a relatively stable population size without recent population expansion. Four major maternal lineages were identified with good support, one representing a possible cryptic species and the other three showing further subdivision. The distribution of these deeply differentiated lineages/sublineages corresponded well to geographical regions. The secondary contact zones and phylogeographic breaks in distinct lineages of G. yunnanensis were almost concordant with those of Nanorana yunnanensis.Main conclusionsLineage division conformed to the hypothesis of drainage system evolution, that is, the phylogeographic pattern of G. yunnanensis was shaped by historical drainage patterns. Concordance in phylogeographic patterns may suggest a shared response to common hydrogeological history and also might indicate that there was more contribution of the drainage history than ecological or life‐history traits in structuring genetic variation between these two disparate codistributed taxa G. yunnanensis and N. yunnanensis.
Climate change influences mycorrhizal fungal–plant interactions, but conclusions are limited by geographical study bias
Authors: Bennett Alison E. , Classen Aimée T. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractClimate change is altering the interactions among plants and soil organisms in ways that will alter the structure and function of ecosystems. We reviewed the literature and developed a map of studies focused on how the three most common types of mycorrhizal fungi (arbuscular mycorrhizal [AM], ectomycorrhizal [EcM], and ericoid mycorrhizal [ErM] fungi) respond to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations (eCO2), climatic warming, and changes in the distribution of precipitation. Broadly, we ask how do mycorrhizal fungi respond to climate change, how do these responses vary by fungal type, and how do mycorrhizal traits influence plant adaptation, movement, or extinction in response to climatic change? First, we found that 92% of studies were conducted in the northern hemisphere, and plant host, ecosystem type and study location were only correlated with each other in the northern hemisphere because studies across all mycorrhizal fungal types were only common in the northern hemisphere. Second, we show that temperature and rainfall variability had more variable effects than eCO2 on mycorrhizal fungal structures, but these effects were context dependent. Third, while mycorrhizal fungal types vary in their responses to climate change, it appears that warming leads to more variable responses in ectomycorrhizal than in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Finally, we discuss common traits of mycorrhizal fungi that could aid in fungal and plant adaption to climate change. We posit that mycorrhizal fungi can buffer plant hosts against extinction risk, they can facilitate or retard the dispersal success of plants moving away from poor environments, and, by buffering host plants, they can enable host plant adaptation to new climates. All of these influences are, however, context dependent a finding that reflects the complex traits of mycorrhizal fungi as a group, the diversity of plant species they associate with and the variation in ecosystems in which they reside. Overall, while we point out many gaps in our understanding of the influence of climate changes on mycorrhizal fungi, we also highlight the large number of opportunities for researching plant and mycorrhizal fungal responses to and mitigation of climate changes.
Immune checkpoint molecules in pregnancy: Focus on regulatory T cells
Authors: Zhang Yong‐Hong , Sun Hai‐Xiang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRegulatory T (Treg) cells are a specialized subpopulation of T cells that plays critical roles in the maintenance of immune homeostasis. Although efforts have been done, their role in human pregnancy is not fully understood. Numerous studies reported the presence of Treg cells throughout gestation by promoting maternal–fetal tolerance and fetal development. Furthermore, Treg population is heterogeneous as it is expressing different immune checkpoint molecules favoring immune suppressive function. Therefore, better understanding of the heterogeneity and function of Treg cells during pregnancy is critical for an effective immune intervention. Latest evidence has shown that several immune checkpoint molecules are closely associated with pregnancy outcome via multiple inhibitory mechanisms. Majority of these studies demonstrated the modulatory effects of immune checkpoint molecules on effector T‐cell immunity, but their effects on Treg activation and function are still an enigma. In this review, we emphasize the potential influence of multiple immune checkpoint molecules, including CTLA‐4, PD‐1, Tim‐3, LAG‐3, and TIGIT, either in membrane or soluble form, on the function of decidual and peripheral Treg cells during pregnancy. Additionally, we discuss the promising future of targeting Treg cells via immune checkpoint molecules for pregnancy maintenance and prevention of complicated pregnancies.
Impact of Fatty Acid Structure on CALB‐Catalyzed Esterification of Glucose
Authors: Arcens Dounia , Grau Etienne , Grelier Stéphane , Cramail Henri , Peruch Frédéric 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEnzymatic synthesis of fatty acid glucose esters from different fatty acyl donors are performed via enzymatic catalysis in the presence of Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB), using acetonitrile as the solvent. The acyl donor nature (fatty acid or fatty acid vinyl ester) and structure are varied. Lower reaction rates and lower conversions are obtained with fatty acids in comparison to their corresponding vinyl esters. Moreover, the acyl donor with the longest chain length gives the highest conversions. The presence of unsaturation on the acyl donor chain is also shown to be detrimental to the conversion.Practical Applications: The practical applications of the present work are related to the production of gluco‐esters that could be used as nonionic surfactants as detergents, cosmetics and food emulsifiers, emollients or conservatives, respectively. In this study, it is shown that in order to get high production yields, each reaction parameter has to be tuned properly.
Model averaging estimation for conditional volatility models with an application to stock market volatility forecast
Authors: Liu Qingfeng , Yao Qingsong , Zhao Guoqing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper is concerned with model averaging estimation for conditional volatility models. Given a set of candidate models with different functional forms, we propose a model averaging estimator and forecast for conditional volatility, and construct the corresponding weight‐choosing criterion. Under some regulatory conditions, we show that the weight selected by the criterion asymptotically minimizes the true Kullback–Leibler divergence, which is the distributional approximation error, as well as the Itakura–Saito distance, which is the distance between the true and estimated or forecast conditional volatility. Monte Carlo experiments support our newly proposed method. As for the empirical applications of our method, we investigate a total of nine major stock market indices and make a 1‐day‐ahead volatility forecast for each data set. Empirical results show that the model averaging forecast achieves the highest accuracy in terms of all types of loss functions in most cases, which captures the movement of the unknown true conditional volatility.
A comparison of conditional predictive ability of implied volatility and realized measures in forecasting volatility
Authors: Shi Yafeng , Ying Tingting , Shi Yanlong , Ai Chunrong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn a conditional predictive ability test framework, we investigate whether market factors influence the relative conditional predictive ability of realized measures (RMs) and implied volatility (IV), which is able to examine the asynchronism in their forecasting accuracy, and further analyze their unconditional forecasting performance for volatility forecast. Our results show that the asynchronism can be detected significantly and is strongly related to certain market factors, and the comparison between RMs and IV on average forecast performance is more efficient than previous studies. Finally, we use the factors to extend the empirical similarity (ES) approach for combination of forecasts derived from RMs and IV.
Indole Alleviates Diet‐Induced Hepatic Steatosis and Inflammation in a Manner Involving Myeloid Cell 6‐Phosphofructo‐2‐Kinase/Fructose‐2,6‐Biphosphatase 3
Authors: Ma Linqiang , Li Honggui , Hu Jinbo , Zheng Juan , Zhou Jing , Botchlett Rachel , Matthews Destiny , Zeng Tianshu , Chen Lulu , Xiao Xiaoqiu , Athrey Giri , Threadgill David W. , Li Qingsheng , Glaser Shannon , Francis Heather , Meng Fanyin , Li Qifu , Alpini Gianfranco , Wu Chaodong 
Published: January 2020

Background and Aims
Indole is a microbiota metabolite that exerts anti‐inflammatory responses. However, the relevance of indole to human non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not clear. It also remains largely unknown whether and how indole acts to protect against NAFLD. The present study sought to examine the association between the circulating levels of indole and liver fat content in human subjects and explore the mechanisms underlying indole actions in mice with diet‐induced NAFLD.

Approach and Results
In a cohort of 137 subjects, the circulating levels of indole were reversely correlated with body mass index. In addition, the circulating levels of indole in obese subjects were significantly lower than those in lean subjects and were accompanied with increased liver fat content. At the whole‐animal level, treatment of high‐fat diet (HFD)–fed C57BL/6J mice with indole caused significant decreases in the severity of hepatic steatosis and inflammation. In cultured cells, indole treatment stimulated the expression of 6‐phosphofructo‐2‐kinase/fructose‐2,6‐biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), a master regulatory gene of glycolysis, and suppressed macrophage proinflammatory activation in a PFKFB3‐dependent manner. Moreover, myeloid cell–specific PFKFB3 disruption exacerbated the severity of HFD‐induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation and blunted the effect of indole on alleviating diet‐induced NAFLD phenotype.

Conclusions
Taken together, our results demonstrate that indole is relevant to human NAFLD and capable of alleviating diet‐induced NAFLD phenotypes in mice in a myeloid cell PFKFB3‐dependent manner. Therefore, indole mimetic and/or macrophage‐specific PFKFB3 activation may be the viable preventive and/or therapeutic approaches for inflammation‐associated diseases including NAFLD.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of relapsed follicular lymphoma after autologous stem cell transplantation in the rituximab era
Authors: Sesques Pierre , Bourcier Jessie , Golfier Camille , Lebras Laure , Nicolas‐Virelizier Emmanuelle , Hacini Maya , Perrin Marie Claire , Voillat Laurent , Bachy Emmanuel , Traverse‐Glehen Alexandra , Moreau Anne , Martin Laurent , Ramla Selim , Casasnovas Olivier , Le Gouill Steven , Salles Gilles , Ghesquières Hervé 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHigh‐dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is a therapeutic option for patients with relapsed follicular lymphoma (FL). The clinical characteristics and outcomes of FL relapse after ASCT in the rituximab era have not yet been fully elucidated. We retrospectively reviewed 414 FL patients treated with ASCT between 2000 and 2014 in four hematology departments. All patients received rituximab as a first‐line treatment. We specifically analyzed the clinical characteristics, treatment strategies at relapse, and outcomes of 95 patients (23%) who relapsed after ASCT. The patients (median age, 57 y) received a median of two lines of therapy (range, 2‐6) prior to ASCT, with 92% in complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) before ASCT. Histological transformation at relapse after ASCT was observed in 20% of the patients. Treatment at relapse after ASCT consisted of chemotherapy with or without rituximab (n = 45/90, 50%), targeted agents (18%), rituximab monotherapy (14%), or consolidation allogeneic transplantation after induction chemotherapy (12%) and radiotherapy (6%). After relapse, the median progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 1 year (95% CI, 0.541‐1.579) and 5.5 years (95% CI, 1.910‐9.099), respectively. In the multivariate analysis, histological transformation (HT) was associated with OS (P = .044; HR 2.439; 95% CI, 1.025‐5.806), and a high FLIPI score at relapse was associated with PFS (P = .028; HR 2.469; 95% CI, 1.104‐5.521). This retrospective study showed that the period of PFS of patients who relapsed after ASCT is short. A biopsy should be performed for these patients to document the HT. Our results indicate that new treatment strategies will need to be developed for these patients.
Comorbidity assessment to determine prognosis in older adult patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Galli Eugenio , Cuccaro Annarosa , Maiolo Elena , Bellesi Silvia , D'Alò Francesco , Fusco Domenico , Colloca Giuseppe , De Stefano Valerio , Hohaus Stefan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe clinical management of older adult patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) remains a major challenge. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of comorbidity assessment according to a standardized approach, the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS), on prognosis in patients with classical HL aged 60 years and older. We studied 76 consecutive older adult patients with HL (median age 69 y, range 60‐84) who had been treated in our institution between 1999 and 2018. Comorbidity was assessed at diagnosis according to CIRS. Anthracycline‐containing chemotherapy with curative intent was administered in 59 (78%) patients. We identified 41 (54%) patients with at least one severe comorbidity rated on CIRS grade ≥ 3. Patients with severe comorbidity were more likely to have advanced‐stage disease (P = .003), to have an International Prognostic Score (IPS) > 3 (P = .03), and to not receive anthracycline‐containing chemotherapy (P = .008). The probability of overall survival (OS) at 3 years was 88% (95% CI, 71%‐95%) in patients without severe comorbidities, while it was only 46% (95% CI, 29%‐62%) in patients with a comorbidity CIRS grade ≥ 3 (P = .0001). The impact of comorbidity on prognosis was also evident when restricting the analysis to patients treated with anthracycline‐containing therapy. The 3‐year OS was 93% (95% CI, 76%‐98%) (P = .004) in patients without severe comorbidity and 72% (95% CI, 47%‐87%) in patients with severe comorbidity (P = .004). In a multivariate analysis, presence of comorbidity, but not age, was a significant factor for OS. Therefore, we conclude that a significant proportion of older adult patients with HL has severe comorbidity on the CIRS scale, which impacts more importantly than age on prognosis.
The role of acculturation in migrants’ use of gynecologic emergency departments
Authors: Schwachenwalde Sabina , Sauzet Odile , Razum Oliver , Sehouli Jalid , David Matthias 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether acculturation of migrant patients is a predictor of non‐urgent use of gynecologic emergency departments (GEDs).MethodsA cross‐sectional study based on standardized questionnaire interviews among migrant (n=477) and non‐migrant (n=246) women attending a GED in Berlin, Germany, between 2017 and 2018. Non‐urgent GED use was defined by health system (e.g., no hospital admission) or patient (e.g., low subjective urgency) criteria. Acculturation was assessed by the Frankfurt Acculturation Scale. Logistic regressions were calculated with non‐migrants as the reference.ResultsRelative to migrants, low acculturation of migrants had no significant effect on overall non‐urgent GED use. However, low acculturation was a significant predictor of non‐urgent use if defined only by health system criteria (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–2.44; P=0.041). Inversely, low acculturation had a significant negative effect on non‐urgent use if defined only by patient criteria (AOR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.38–0.90; P=0.014).ConclusionLow‐acculturated migrants were more prone to non‐urgent GED use as defined by health system criteria, and might have a distorted perception of urgency. According to their perception, however, low‐acculturated patients showed appropriate GED use for urgent complaints, indicating that they are insufficiently cared for by the healthcare system.
Investigations on the aging behavior of transparent bioplastics for optical applications
Authors: Baltscheit Jana , Schmidt Nico , Schröder Finn , Meyer Jörg 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this study, the optical properties of transparent bioplastics have been investigated. The long‐term technological goal is to establish biopolymers in a new market segment for demanding optical applications and to contribute to a more sustainable economy. A collection of transparent bioplastics has been tested with respect to the long‐term stability and the possibility of an application in optical components for LED lighting. The focus of materials testing was on the influence of short wavelength visible radiation as well as thermal loads. The results show, that some materials may be candidates for subsequent feasibility studies. To the best of our knowledge, the application of such polymers in complex technical products and in particular in luminaires has not yet been realized. The use of bio‐based plastics for optical components therefore represents a novelty and has a high development potential.image
Two‐dimensional MXenes for lithium‐sulfur batteries
Authors: Zhang Chuanfang (John) , Cui Linfan , Abdolhosseinzadeh Sina , Heier Jakob 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRechargeable lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries have attracted significant research attention due to their high capacity and energy density. However, their commercial applications are still hindered by challenges such as the shuttle effect of soluble lithium sulfide species, the insulating nature of sulfur, and the fast capacity decay of the electrodes. Various efforts are devoted to address these problems through questing more conductive hosts with abundant polysulfide chemisorption sites, as well as modifying the separators to physically/chemically retard the polysulfides migration. Two dimensional transition metal carbides, carbonitrides and nitrides, so‐called MXenes, are ideal for confining the polysulfides shuttling effects due to their high conductivity, layered structure as well as rich surface terminations. As such, MXenes have thus been widely studied in Li‐S batteries, focusing on the conductive sulfur hosts, polysulfides interfaces, and separators. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the significant progresses regarding the design of multifunctional MXene‐based Li‐S batteries and discuss the solutions for improving electrochemical performances in detail. In addition, challenges and perspectives of MXenes for Li‐S batteries are also outlined.image
Ultrasensitive graphene‐Si position‐sensitive detector for motion tracking
Authors: Wang Wenhui , Liu Kaiyang , Jiang Jie , Du Ruxia , Sun Litao , Chen Wei , Lu Junpeng , Ni Zhenhua 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMotion tracking has attracted great attention in the fields of real‐time tracking, nanorobotics, and targeted therapy. For achieving more accurate motion tracking, the highly sensitive position‐sensitive detector (PSD) is desirable. Here, we demonstrate a meliorated PSD based on graphene‐Si heterojunction for motion tracking. The position sensitivity of PSD was improved by employing surface engineering of graphene. Through modulating the transport property of graphene, nearly 20‐fold increase of sensitivity was achieved under weak light, and at the same time, the detection limit power was reduced to ~ 2 nW. A motion tracking system was developed based on the improved PSD, and human arm swing was tracked, which demonstrated high sensitivity and real‐time tracking capabilities of the PSD. In addition, the PSD can support up to ~ 10 kHz high‐frequency tracking. This work provides a new strategy for improving the performance of PSD, and promotes the development of two‐dimensional materials in novel optoelectronic devices.image
Identification of apoptosis‐associated protein factors distinctly expressed in cigarette smoke condensate‐exposed airway bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Lin Ben‐cheng , Li Qiu‐yue , Tian Lei , Liu Huan‐liang , Liu Xiao‐hua , Shi Yue , He Chen , Ding Su‐su , Yan Jun , Li Kang , Bian Li‐ping , Lai Wen‐qing , Zhang Wei , Li Xiang , Xi Zhu‐ge 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSmoking is associated with an increased risk of respiratory diseases, including lung cancer and asthma. However, the mechanisms or diagnostic markers for smoking‐related diseases remain largely unknown. Here we investigated the role of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) in the regulation of human bronchial epithelial cell (BEAS‐2B) behavior. We found that exposure to CSC significantly inhibited BEAS‐2B cell viability, impaired cell morphology, induced cell apoptosis, triggered oxidative damage, and promoted inflammatory response, which suggests a deleterious effect of CSC on bronchial epithelial cells. In addition, CSC markedly altered the expression of apoptosis‐associated protein factors, including p21, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, and Fas ligand. In sum, our study identified a panel of novel protein factors that may mediate the actions of CSC on bronchial epithelial cells and have a predictive value for the development and progression of smoking‐related diseases, thus providing insights into the development of potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategies against these diseases.