bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ability of various cerebroplacental ratio thresholds to predict adverse neonatal outcomes in term fetuses exhibiting late-onset fetal growth restriction
Authors: Melekoglu Rauf , Yilmaz Ercan , Yasar Seyma , Hatipoglu Irem , Kahveci Bekir , Sucu Mete 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Our primary aim was to evaluate the ability of various cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) reference values suggested by the Fetal Medicine Foundation to predict adverse neonatal outcomes in term fetuses exhibiting late-onset fetal growth restriction (LOFGR). Our secondary aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of other obstetric Doppler parameters used to assess fetal well-being in terms of predicting adverse neonatal outcomes.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study of 317 pregnant women diagnosed with LOFGR at 37–40 weeks of gestation between January 1, 2016, and September 1, 2019. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to determine the predictive performance of CPR <1, CPR <5th or <10th percentile, and umbilical artery pulsatility (PI) >95th percentile in terms of predicting adverse neonatal outcomes.

Results
Pregnant women exhibiting LOFGR who gave birth in our clinic during the study period at a mean of 38 gestational weeks (minimum 37+0; maximum 40+6 weeks); the median CPR was 1.51 [interquartile range (IQR) 1.12–1.95] and median birthweight 2,350 g (IQR 2,125–2,575 g). The CPR <5th percentile best predicted adverse neonatal outcomes [area under the curve (AUC) 0.762, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.672–0.853, p<0.0001] and CPR <1 was the worst predictor (AUC 0.630, 95% CI 0.515–0.745, p=0.021). Of other Doppler parameters, neither the umbilical artery systole/diastole ratio nor the mid-cerebral artery to peak systolic velocity ratio (MCA–PSV) predicted adverse neonatal outcomes (AUC 0.598, 95% CI 0.480–0.598, p=0.104; AUC 0.521, 95% CI 0.396–0.521, p=0.744 respectively).

Conclusions
The CPR values below the 5th percentile better predicted adverse neonatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by LOFGR than the UA PI and CPR <1 by using Fetal Medicine Foundation reference ranges.
Cesarean section one hundred years 1920–2020: the Good, the Bad and the Ugly
Authors: Antoine Clarel , Young Bruce K. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In present-day obstetrics, cesarean delivery occurs in one in three women in the United States, and in up to four of five women in some regions of the world. The history of cesarean section extends well over four centuries. Up until the end of the nineteenth century, the operation was avoided because of its high mortality rate. In 1926, the Munro Kerr low transverse uterine incision was introduced and became the standard method for the next 50 years. Since the 1970’s, newer surgical techniques gradually became the most commonly used method today because of intraoperative and postpartum benefits. Concurrently, despite attempts to encourage vaginal birth after previous cesareans, the cesarean delivery rate increased steadily from 5 to 30–32% over the last 10 years, with a parallel increase in costs as well as short- and long-term maternal, neonatal and childhood complications. Attempts to reduce the rate of cesarean deliveries have been largely unsuccessful because of the perceived safety of the operation, short-term postpartum benefits, the legal climate and maternal request in the absence of indications. In the United States, as the cesarean delivery rate has increased, maternal mortality and morbidity have also risen steadily over the last three decades, disproportionately impacting black women as compared to other races. Extensive data on the prenatal diagnosis and management of cesarean-related abnormal placentation have improved outcomes of affected women. Fewer data are available however for the improvement of outcomes of cesarean-related gynecological conditions. In this review, the authors address the challenges and opportunities to research, educate and change health effects associated with cesarean delivery for all women.
COVID-19 in obstetrics 2020: the experience at a New York City medical center
Authors: Dayal Ashlesha K. , Razavi Armin S. , Jaffer Amir K. , Prasad Nishant , Skupski Daniel W. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The global spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus during the early months of 2020 was rapid and exposed vulnerabilities in health systems throughout the world. Obstetric SARS-CoV-2 disease was discovered to be largely asymptomatic carriage but included a small rate of severe disease with rapid decompensation in otherwise healthy women. Higher rates of hospitalization, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission and intubation, along with higher infection rates in minority and disadvantaged populations have been documented across regions. The operational gymnastics that occurred daily during the Covid-19 emergency needed to be translated to the obstetrics realm, both inpatient and ambulatory. Resources for adaptation to the public health crisis included workforce flexibility, frequent communication of operational and protocol changes for evaluation and management, and application of innovative ideas to meet the demand.
Optimization on reagent-loading manner for modular clinical chemistry analyzer series: simulations and verifications
Authors: Wang Mingyang , Ming Liang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The pre- and post-analytical processes have been discussed both in total laboratory system (TLA) and modular automation (MA). The analytical process, especially reagent-related factors influences on the integrated clinical chemistry analyzer, demonstrates a significant effect on clinical chemistry analyzer. Modular analyzer reagent-loading mode influences two mainly factors, testing turnaround time (tTAT) and the cost. Furthermore, how to definite the different reagent loading manners and verify the best reagent loading manner is big challenge.

Methods
We focus on tTAT, and study how the reagent-related factors effect TAT by simulations and verifications. Parameters were simulated by cobas 8000 workflow simulator for reagent-loading manner with at least three positions (Pattern 1), the module-parallel reagent-loading manner (Pattern 2) and the single-position loading mode (Pattern 3).

Results
tTAT, reagent on-line time, quality control (QC) cost and performance verification times all declined by 43%. Tuesday effect solved the repetitive problem for verification. Pattern 2 shows optimal performance in Tuesday effect-based verification.

Conclusions
The optimization of reagent-loading manner saved much workforce, and reduced the QC cost.
Building Islamic Ethics into Development: Exploring the Role and Limitations of “Islamic” Microfinance in Poverty Alleviation—An Indonesian Case Study
Authors: Farrar Salim , Uddin Tanvir 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this article, we examine the role and ethics of IBF in the context of development and address the critique that IBF is merely a rebranding of the conventional sector and merely exploits and further marginalises beneficiaries for profit. We focus on Islamic microfinance (IMF) in Indonesia and explore how it is applied to poverty alleviation. In addition to a review of the research to date, we perform a qualitative sociolegal study involving 27 interviews of two IMF institutions’ (BMT Muda and BPRS Mitra Syariah in East Java) beneficiaries, field staff, management and industry stakeholders. Our fieldwork investigates how institution staff members apply Islamic rules and norms when implementing programs, noting any discrepancies between the rhetoric of the Islamic ethical framework for development and the practice. We ultimately argue that while IMF is still a work in progress that would benefit from further regulatory and institutional reform, it is generating wide-ranging economic, social and spiritual benefits. We find evidence of social empowerment and brotherhood in IMF, emblematic of Islamic ethics, as well as genuine contributions to the economic and social development of Indonesia
Legal Origin, Institutional Quality, and Islamic Finance Development: Does Shari’a Matter?
Authors: Grassa Rihab 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Previous studies on financial development have shown that differences in the legal origin explain differences in financial development. Using historical comparisons and cross-country regressions for 40 countries observed for the period from 2005 to 2018, our research assesses how different legal origins have affected the development of Islamic finance worldwide. More particularly, our research assesses empirically why and how the adoption of Shari’a, wholly or partially (combined with common or civil law), could explain the level of development of Islamic finance in different jurisdictions. Our primary results show that countries adopting a Shari’a legal system have a very well-developed Islamic financial system. Moreover, countries adopting a mixed legal system based on common law and Shari’a law have sufficient flexibility within their legal systems to make changes to their laws in response to the changing socioeconomic conditions, and this has helped the development of the Islamic financial industry. However, countries adopting a mixed legal system based on both civil law and Shari’a law appear less flexible in making changes to their old laws and this thwarted the development of the Islamic financial industry in these countries. Furthermore, we have found that the concentration of a Muslim population (the percentage of Muslim population) along with the level of income have both had a positive effect on the development of Islamic banking assets and on the development of Islamic banking as a whole.
Iconicity ratings across the Japanese lexicon: A comparative study with English
Authors: Thompson Arthur Lewis , Akita Kimi , Do Youngah 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Iconicity is a resemblance between form and meaning grounded in perceptuo-motor analogy. In speech, iconicity is understood as words “sounding like what they mean.” Studies on English and Spanish use ratings to identify words speakers consider iconic. Perry et al. (2015) show that English onomatopoeia are rated highest, followed by adjectives/verbs > nouns > function words. Our study replicates this for Japanese but, owing to additional variables, yields more nuanced findings. Word-class aside, Japanese speakers are more likely to rate words as iconic if they are an (1) ideophone > (2) Yamato/native prosaic word > or (3) non-Yamato prosaic word. For comparison, we reanalyzed English ratings from Perry et al. (2015), and found neither strata (Germanic, Latinate, French) nor historically iconic etymology had a significant effect. With these factors in mind, we propose that ratings reflect a word’s relationship to sensory information rather than iconicity.
“Leaving the world better than we saw it:” Imperatives for general and special educators
Authors: Obiakor Festus E. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The United States and our world have been witnessing tremendous changes at socio-economic, political, and educational levels. Some of these changes have been fantastic and some have been depressing. For example, many of our fellow citizens are still enduring discriminations, victimizations, prejudices, and inaccurate expectations because of their race, skin color, language, national origin, religion, gender, sexual orientation, and values, to mention a few. These are evidenced in recent marches, protests, and agitations led by the “Black Lives Matter” movement to tackle increased police harassments, brutalities, shootings, and killings of Blacks, especially Black males. There are apparent disruptions, anxieties, frustrations, and deliberations about the kind of world that we are living in and the kind of world that we are leaving behind for our future generations. The critical questions are, Are we really “leaving the world better than we saw it?” What can general and special educators do to “leave the world better than they saw it?” This article responds to these questions.
Controllable nonlinear optical properties of different-sized iron phosphorus trichalcogenide (FePS3) nanosheets
Authors: Xu Danyun , Guo Zhe , Tu Yudi , Li Xinzhe , Chen Yu , Chen Zhesheng , Tian Bingbing , Chen Shuqing , Shi Yumeng , Li Ying , Su Chenliang , Fan Dianyuan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Two-dimensional iron phosphorus trichalcogenide (FePS3) has attracted significant attention for its use in electricity, magnetism and optical fields due to its outstanding physical and chemical properties. Herein, FePS3 was prepared using the chemical vapor transportation (CVT) method and then exfoliated by using fast electrochemical exfoliation. After gradient centrifugation, FePS3 nanosheets with thicknesses ranging from 1.5 to 20 nm and lateral dimensions of 0.5–3 μm were obtained. By utilizing the spatial self-phase modulation (SSPM) effect, the relationships between the nonlinear refractive index and the size of the FePS3 nanosheets were investigated in detail which revealed that the nonlinear refractive index can be effectively controlled by the size of the FePS3 nanosheets. It is worth noting that the optimal FePS3 nanosheets (3–5 layers thick and ∼1 μm in lateral dimensions) displayed the highest nonlinear refractive index of ∼10−5 cm2 W−1. This work demonstrates the potential that FePS3 nanosheets have for use in nonlinear optics or nonlinear optical devices.
Fourier-plane investigation of plasmonic bound states in the continuum and molecular emission coupling
Authors: Seo In Cheol , Kim Seongheon , Woo Byung Hoon , Chung Il-Sug , Jun Young Chul 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Bound states in the continuum (BICs) or trapped modes can provide an important new avenue for strong light confinement via destructive interference. Dielectric photonic structures have been extensively studied for optical BICs. However, BICs in plasmonic nanostructures have not been explored much yet. Herein, we present a thorough experimental study of plasmonic BICs via Fourier-plane spectroscopy and imaging. Optical mode dispersion in a metal grating covered by a dielectric layer is directly measured in an angle-resolved white light reflection spectrum. Two dielectric layer thicknesses are considered. Both plasmonic and photonics modes are supported in the visible range using a thicker dielectric film; hence, either hybrid or purely plasmonic BICs can be formed. With a thinner dielectric layer, only plasmonic modes are strongly excited and purely plasmonic BICs appear. Our measurements exhibit all features expected for BICs, including a substantial increase in the Q factor. We also demonstrate that the BIC position can be switched from one optical mode branch to the other by tuning a metal grating parameter. Moreover, by mixing luminescent dyes in a dielectric layer, light emission coupling into BICs is investigated. We find that the photoluminescence peak disappears at the BIC condition, which is attributed to the trapping of molecular emission at plasmonic BICs. Therefore, both white light reflection and dye emission measurements in the Fourier plane clearly indicate the formation of trapped modes in plasmonic nanostructures. Our observation implies that plasmonic BICs can enable a highly effective light trapping device despite the simple structure of the device geometry. Plasmonic supercavity design based on the BIC concept may provide many interesting future opportunities for nanolasers, optical sensing, and nonlinear enhancement.
Carbon nanotube–reinforced polymer composite for electromagnetic interference application: A review
Authors: Barathi Dassan Emayaruba G. , Anjang Ab Rahman Aslina , Abidin Mohd Shukur Zainol , Akil Hazizan Md 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The growth of the application of electronic devices has created a new form of pollution known as noise or radio frequency interference, electromagnetic radiation, or electromagnetic interference (EMI), which results in the malfunction of equipment. A new carbon-based polymer composite has been unlocked through the discovery of polymer composites. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have shown potential as reinforcement fillers in polymer to enhance an EMI shielding material owing to their large specific surface area, well-defined 3D networking structure, and unique electronic structure. The main focus of this review is the role of CNT as fillers in intrinsic conducting polymer and conducting polymer composite. The factors that influence EMI shielding performance are also included in this review. The roles of the size; shape; and electronic, mechanical, and chemical properties of nanomaterials in tuning the EMI shielding effectiveness of polymer hybrid are emphasized. The structural design of CNT polymer composite has been reviewed as well. Future research direction has been proposed to overcome the current technological limitations and realize the most advanced EMI shielding materials for future use. The composites have a potential to replace traditional shielding materials owing to their advantageous properties.
Functionalized layered double hydroxide applied to heavy metal ions absorption: A review
Authors: Tang Zhen , Qiu Zedong , Lu Shuang , Shi Xianming 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The use of functional material can help mitigate the pollution by heavy metals, which presents an array of risks to human production and life. This work provides a comprehensive review of the current knowledge on functionalized layered double hydroxide (LDH) as a heavy metal absorption material, by synthesizing the information from a total of 141 relevant publications published since 2005. LDH provides a potentially highly efficient method to adsorb heavy metal ions, which is simple to prepare and of low cost. The lack of functional groups and structural components of pristine LDH, however, limits the absorption capacity and widespread applications of LDH. Through intercalation, surface modification, or loading on substrates, functional groups or structural components are introduced into the pristine LDH to prepare functionalized LDH. In this process, the hydroxyl group and the valence state of [Mg(OH)6] octahedrons play a crucial role. Functionalized LDH can be endowed with selective absorption capacity and enhanced stability and recyclability. After adsorbing heavy metal ions, functionalized LDH can be readily separated from the liquid phase. These aspects are discussed, along with the structure and composition, shape and size, and synthesis methods and research tools of LDH. This work concludes with the discussion of preparation and utilization and a look to the future in terms of identified research needs regarding the preparation, use, and recycling (or upcycling) of economical and environmental-friendly LDH.
Vom Gefühl, eine Maschine zu sein
Authors: Eickhoff Hajo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Mit Industrie, Digitalisierung und Neurotechnologie hat sich der Mensch Werkzeuge geschaffen, die den technischen Fortschritt beschleunigen, aber auch die Gefahr bergen, den Menschen nicht nur zu optimieren, sondern ihn als Spezies zu überwinden. Was diese Werkzeuge so effektiv macht, ist ihre Anschlussfähigkeit an seine eigenen Werkzeuge, die Organe. Die Jahrmilliarden dauernde Entwicklung und Erfahrung hat die Zellen unaufhörlich verbessert, verfeinert und enorm widerstandsfähig gemacht, weshalb sie einer Überwindung des Menschen entgegenstehen. Der Mensch wird sich nicht neu definieren, sondern eines Tages seine Definition modifizieren müssen.
Homo periculosus sui
Authors: Peskoller Helga 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDer Ausgang des Beitrags ist ein Ereignis, das sich in der Natur real zugetragen hat. Erzählt wird von einem Kletterer, der ohne ein Anzeichen abgestürzt ist und unter widrigen Bedingungen gerettet werden musste. In die Erzählung flechten sich Theorieelemente mit historischen Perspektiven ein und geben ein Beispiel davon ab, wie subjektiv Erlebtes objektiviert werden kann. Dabei geht es primär um eine Sprache, die nahe am Bild bleibt und dadurch den Kontakt zum Körper hält als ein Schlüssel, den Menschen neu zu denken: über Empfindungen, die im Körper sitzen und im Nachgang aufgerufen werden, um wiederholt zu erinnern, was im Lärm des Geschehens stumm geworden ist – Versuche, das Konkrete im Abstrakten konsequent zum Ausgangspunkt einer „Nachschreibung“ zu machen.„Denn glaubt es mir! – das Geheimnis, um die größte Fruchtbarkeit und den größten Genuß vom Dasein einzuernten, heißt: gefährlich leben!“(Nietzsche)
„Mensch und Kunstfigur“
Authors: Brandstetter Gabriele 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Der Artikel untersucht das Konzept des „Neuen Menschen“ am Beispiel der Ästhetik und Anthropologie des Bauhauses. Maßgeblich ist dafür das Verhältnis von Körper und Technik, wie es auf der Bauhausbühne für den Tanz insbesondere durch Oskar Schlemmer konzipiert, bildlich und tänzerisch dargestellt und in seinem Unterricht systematisch ausgebaut wurde. Die Idee von „Mensch und Kunstfigur“, die Relation von Mensch, Material, Umraum und Praxis wird modellhaft umgesetzt in Schlemmers „Triadischem Ballett“ und den „Bauhaustänzen“. Ausgehend von diesem Beispiel aus der Avantgarde des 20. Jahrhunderts wird in dem Artikel gefragt, wie sich diese Idee des Menschen als „Gefüge“ von Körper, Technik, Umwelt im zeitgenössischen Tanz weiterentwickelt: am Beispiel von Choreographien von Gerhard Bohner („Im goldenen Schnitt“), Ola Maciejewska („Bombyx Mori“) und William Forsythe („Black Flags“).
Conflict in the Time of (Post-) Corona: Some Assessments from Behavioral Economics
Authors: Chowdhury Subhasish M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We present a non-technical assessment of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on individual level conflict behavior in the household, workplace, and societal interactions in the post-COVID era. We predict that there will be an increase in the intra-household conflict including domestic violence; and the divorce rate will rise. Within workplaces, the pandemic will result both in a higher level of sabotage among the employees, and employee retaliation towards the employer. The pandemic may also affect the diversity and inclusiveness within an organization adversely. In societal interactions, an increase in the identity related conflicts – especially related to the immigration status – can be observed. It is also likely that there will be an increase in the attack and defense or victimization activities in the society. We conclude by proposing various measures for conflict resolution, and a few possible areas of further investigations.
Radiation protection among health care workers: knowledge, attitude, practice, and clinical recommendations: a systematic review
Authors: Behzadmehr Razieh , Doostkami Mahboobe , Sarchahi Zohreh , Dinparast Saleh Leila , Behzadmehr Rezvaneh 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study was performed to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of health care workers (HCWs) towards radiation protection.MethodsIn this systematic review study, three international databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus) were searched for related published articles in the English language from 1 January 2000 to 1 February 2020. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Hoy et al. tool.ResultsOut of the 1,848 studies examined, 41 studies that were performed on 11,050 HCWs were included in the final stage. The results indicated that in most studies, more than half (50%) of the participants had average knowledge. Furthermore, 60% of the participants had a positive attitude, but in most studies, they had average practice regarding radiation protection. The most important recommendation for improving KAP among the participants was incorporating radiation protection standards in the student curriculum.ConclusionConsidering the results of the study, further attention should be paid to proper education regarding radiation protection standards and improvement of HCW performance.