bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Avaliação dos resultados entre a colecistectomia laparoscópica eletiva ou de urgência
Authors: Lescowic Waleska Ramos Alvim , Okuhara Mylla Kaori Shimada , Pinto Rinaldo Danesi 
Published: September 2020

Introdução: Colecistectomia laparoscópica é tratamento padrão-ouro para colecistolitíase. É classificada em eletiva ou de urgência e existe uma quantidade pequena de publicações que comparam esses dois momentos de atendimento. Objetivo: Analisar os resultados de colecistectomias laparoscópicas eletivas ou de urgência quanto ao tempo entre internação e cirurgia, tempo de hospitalização, complicações, uso de antimicrobianos e de drenos, mortalidade e custo. Métodos: Análise retrospectiva de 368 pacientes submetidos à colescistectomia laparoscópica. Dados foram coletados do prontuário e da conta hospitalar dos pacientes. Resultados: Dos 368 pacientes, 277 (75,3%) foram submetidos à colecistectomia laparoscópica eletiva e 91 (24,7%) à de urgência. Dos submetidos à eletiva, 194 (70,04%), eram mulheres. A idade média foi de 45,66±14,87 anos. A permanência hospitalar média foi de 26,60±16,85 horas. Utilizaram terapia antimicrobiana 2 (0,72%) pacientes e dreno 16 (5,78%) pacientes. Houve complicações em 6 (2,17%) casos. O custo médio foi 3.157,76±1.882,22 reais. Nas de urgência, 61 (67,03%) eram mulheres. A idade média foi 51,36±19,08 anos. A permanência hospitalar média foi de 108,27±96,11 horas. Usaram antimicrobiano 33 (36,26%) pacientes e dreno 21 (23,08%) pacientes. Complicações ocorreram em 13 (14,29%) pacientes. Dois (2,20%) pacientes foram a óbito. O custo médio foi de 9.357,00±7.224,14 reais. Analisando as variáveis, o custo médio das colecistectomias de urgência foi o triplo do das eletivas. Conclusão: Colecistectomias laparoscópicas de caráter urgente apresentam um custo consideravelmente mais elevado devido ao maior tempo entre internação e cirurgia, maior tempo de hospitalização, maior índice de complicações, mais uso de drenos e maior necessidade de terapia antimicrobiana, quando comparadas a procedimentos eletivos.
Prescrever a desprescrição: uma revisão para um círculo virtuoso
Authors: Rossi Stephani Vogt , Andreatta Thayná , Simões Vanessa Paganini , Faria Jamille Sara Silva , Pombo Bruno Hosken , Bitencourt Roberta 
Published: September 2020

Os benzodiazepínicos (BZDs) geralmente são utilizados no tratamento de ansiedade, insônia, abstinência alcoólica, delirium e crises convulsivas devido sua atividade ansiolítica, hipnótica, anticonvulsivante e relaxante muscular. Esses medicamentos não devem exceder duas a quatro semanas, mas é comum encontrar pacientes que usam por até 10 anos. Com o objetivo de conhecer as abordagens propostas para desprescrição dos BZDs foi realizada uma revisão embasada nas bases de dados NCBI/PubMed (National Center for Biotechnology Information) e SciELO (Scientific Eletronic Lirary Online). Os resultados da revisão mostram o quão heterogênea são as intervenções a respeito da desprescrição de BZDs e a necessidade de melhor descrição para permitir uma adequada replicação na prática clínica e em pesquisas.
Avifauna of Saurashtra University Campus, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
Authors: Trivedi Varsha , Vaghela Sanjay 
Published: September 2020

We examined the avifauna of Saurashtra University Campus (SUC), Rajkot, Gujarat from July to December 2017. The study area was divided into four sections: North (N), East (E), South (S) and West (W) and surveyed over 18 visits (four line transects/visit). We recorded a total of 82 bird species from 67 genera, 40 families and 16 orders. Of these 57 species were terrestrial and 25 aquatic. By population size the most abundant birds were members of Columbidae (28%), Sturnidae (13%), and Charadridae (8%). Seventy per cent of birds observed (n=7665) were classed as very common and 2% (n=261) as very rare. Species density (S/N = 3.39) and population density (n/N = 196) were at their maximum in December. Ecological indices on temporal base reveal high species richness and Simpson diversity (1/D =17.0 and 1-D= 0.942) in August and November and Shannon diversity was high (H’=3.275) in November during study period.
A new species of Platylestes Selys (Odonata: Zygoptera: Lestidae) from the coastal area of Kannur District, Kerala, India
Authors: K.G. Emiliyamma  , Palot Muhamed Jafer , C. Charesh  
Published: September 2020

The genus Platylestes Selys, 1862 is known from India, by only one species, P. platystylus from eastern India, West Bengal, and recently from Kerala. Here, we describe a new species Platylestes kirani from the coastal tracts of the northern part of Kerala, southern India. The new species differs from all other known species of the genus by its unique coloration, distinct marking on synthorax, and the shape of anal appendages.
Notes on a communal roosting of two oakblues (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Arhopala) and the Common Emigrant (Pieridae: Catopsilia pomona) butterflies in Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Seal Sohom , Sarkar Debanjan , Das Agnish Kumar , Chowdhury Ankush 
Published: September 2020

Communal roosting on an over-nightly basis is common in butterflies for resting and for avoiding predation. Having a source of nectar and safeguarding from harsh weather conditions are also notable parameters to consider a site as a potential roosting spot. Roosting differs from a congregation in the fact that the latter happens mainly in the exposed plant part or the oozing out of fluid, which attracts the butterflies to extract chemicals from the same. The current study has been conducted on an Elephant-apple tree Dillenia indica in the New Forest campus of Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India to observe the roosting behaviour of three blue butterfly species, namely: Large Oakblue Arhopala amantes, Indian Oakblue Arhopala atrax, and pierid butterfly Common Emigrant Catopsilia pomona. The roosting observation was first noted during mid-October. The coinciding of the roosting period and the fruiting season of the tree may mark the importance of having a food source in a potent roosting site. Moreover, the site would provide a shady area with dense foliage, which would also include safeguards against predation.
A first complete documentation of the early stages of Hampson’s Hedge Blue Acytolepis lilacea lilacea Hampson, 1889 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from Western Ghats, Kerala, India
Authors: V.K. Chandrasekharan  , Muhamed Jafer Palot  
Published: September 2020

This is the first complete documentation of the early stages of Acytolepis lilacea lilacea, the subspecies from southern India, with the first record of the larval host plant Cycas circinalis, and a comparison with the early stages of Acytolepis puspa felderi Toxopeus, 1927, a sympatric and similar species, highlighting the notable differences. The significant differences noted in the early stages of Acytolepis lilacea lilacea with that of A. puspa are the difference in ornamentation of eggs, more fluffy, blue shaded and less hairy larvae and more elongated pupae. No previous record of the early stages of any of the subspecies of Acytolepis lilacea Hampson, 1889 is available. Preliminary observations regarding the flight period and seasonal varriations of Acytolepis lilacea lilacea, from Parambikulam Tiger Reserve, Kerala, India, are also presented.
First report of mango leaf gall midge Procontarinia robusta Li, Bu & Zhang (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from India
Authors: Duraikannu Vasanthakumar  , Palanisamy Senthilkumar , Sharma Radheshyam Murlidhar 
Published: September 2020

The present study reports a leaf gall midge, Procontarinia robusta Li, Bu & Zhang of Mango, Mangifera indica L. from India. It is being reported for the first time from India. Earlier, this species was reported from China, Indonesia and East Timor. A brief diagnosis of its immature stages and coloured images are given to facilitate easy identification.
Clinical and pathological findings in a Dwarf Red Brocket Mazama rufina (Mammalia: Cetartiodactyla: Cervidae) attacked by dogs
Authors: Díaz Eduardo Alfonso , Donoso Gustavo , Sáenz Carolina , Dueñas Ivette , Cabrera Francisco 
Published: September 2020

Capture myopathy is a common fatal syndrome in wild ungulates resulting from anthropogenic stressful events such as the capture or transport of specimens. There are, however, few published data on this issue due to predator attacks. The present report describes for the first time the capture myopathy syndrome in a Dwarf Red Brocket Mazama rufina following dog Canis familiaris attack. Clinical signs included pale mucous with increase capillary refill time, tachycardia, tachypnea, hypertension, hypothermia, hypoglycemia, and red brown urine. Muscle tremors, ataxia, prostration, paralysis, and opisthotonus were progressively observed. Laboratory tests showed increased levels of cortisol, creatinine, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and potassium; decreased blood urea nitrogen-creatinine ratio; and myoglobinuria. The animal died 72 hours after hospital admission. At necropsy, findings included injuries on both hindlimbs with edema, emphysema, and soft-friable texture in affected muscles, dark kidneys and brown urine in bladder. Histopathological exams were indicative of skeletal-cardiac muscle degenerative lesions and myoglobinuric nephrosis. Immuno-histochemistry revealed myoglobin depletion in degenerate muscles and myoglobin accumulation in renal tissues. We strongly recommend that treatment for capture myopathy be initiated when a wild ungulate is admitted with history of predator attack, since the syndrome may have already established. This report adds to the instances of negative impacts caused by domestic dogs on threatened wildlife species.
A diversity of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from a cashew ecosystem in Kerala, India
Authors: Mamparambath Subramanian Smitha  , Ambalaparambil V. Sudhikumar  
Published: September 2020

An exhaustive study was conducted to document spider fauna in cashew orchards of the Cashew Research Station, Madakkathara, Kerala, India from January 2015 to July 2017. A total of 63 species of spiders under 52 genera belonging to 14 families were recorded. The most species-rich families were Salticidae and Araneidae representing 33 and 27 per cent, respectively, of the total spider fauna. A guild structure analysis revealed six feeding guilds, viz.: stalkers, orb-web builders, foliage runners, scattered line weavers, ground runners, and ambushers. The occurrence of spiders was at a maximum during the monsoon with 59 species, followed by 26 during winter, 16 species during summer, and eight species being present all-round the year.
Indigenous uses and traditional practices of endemic and threatened Chilgoza Pine Pinus gerardiana Wall. ex D.Don by tribal communities in Kinnaur District, Himachal Pradesh, northwestern Himalaya
Authors: Swaran Lata  , P.S. Negi  , S.S. Samant  , M.K. Seth  , Varsha  
Published: September 2020

Pinus gerardiana is an endemic and threatened pine of northwestern Himalaya. It is the only conifer in India which is traded for its nuts. In addition to subsidiary source of income to Kinnaura tribes, it is an important part of ecology, traditions, and culture of Kinnaur District of Himachal Pradesh. Kinnaura are one of the largest ethnic groups of Himachal Pradesh famous for their own unique traditions, culture, and lifestyle. In view of this, the present study was conducted to document the indigenous uses and traditional practices of Pinus gerardiana (Chilgoza Pine) by Kinnaura tribes of Himachal Pradesh. At present, destructive harvesting practices of collection of Chilgoza nuts, fuelwood, torchwood, timber, and needles of Chilgoza Pine is not only causing serious damage to trees but also affecting its natural regeneration and future crop production. Thus, this continuous loss of Chilgoza Pine will affect the livelihood of the tribal communities and ecosystem of the area in near future. Hence, population assessment, ecological niche modeling, awareness programmes, and sustainable harvesting of cones are suggested for its conservation.
Power lines as a threat to a canopy predator: electrocuted Harpy Eagle in southwestern Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Câmara Gusmão Almério , Danilo Degra  , Odair Diogo da Silva  , Lucas Simão de Souza  , Angélica Vilas Boas da Frota  , Carlos Augusto Tuyama  , Maria Cristina Tuyama  , Thatiane Martins da Costa  , Ana Paula Dalbem  , Adrian A. Barnett  , Francisca Helena Aguiar-Silva  , Manoel dos Santos Filho  
Published: September 2020

Here we report an electrocution event of a juvenile Harpy Eagle Harpia harpyja in Alta Floresta D’Oeste municipality in Rondonia state, Brazil. We also discuss the negative effects that power transmission lines can have on Harpy Eagle populations in highly fragmented environments.
University campuses can contribute to wildlife conservation in urbanizing regions: a case study from Nigeria
Authors: Iliyasu Simon  , Jennifer Che  , Lynne Baker  
Published: September 2020

Globally, colleges and universities are increasingly mandating sustainability and environmental protection into their practices. To date, such institutions have focused their efforts on recycling and energy-use reduction and less on the management and conservation of wildlife and wildlife habitats. However, in an increasingly urbanizing world, well-managed campuses can provide habitat and even refuge for wildlife species. On the campus of a sustainability-minded university in Nigeria, we used camera traps to determine the presence of wildlife and used occupancy modeling to evaluate factors that influenced the detectability and habitat use of two mammals for which we had sufficient detections: White-tailed Mongoose Ichneumia albicauda and Gambian Rat Cricetomys gambianus. Our intent was to gather baseline data on campus wildlife to inform future research and make recommendations for maintaining wildlife populations. We detected wildlife primarily within less-disturbed areas that contained a designated nature area, and the presence of a nature area was the key predictor variable influencing habitat use. No measured variables influenced detectability. This study supports other research that highlights the importance of undisturbed or minimally disturbed natural habitats on university campuses for wildlife, especially in increasingly built-up and developed regions. We recommend that institutions of higher education devote greater resources to making campuses wildlife-friendly and increase opportunities for students to engage in campus-based wildlife research and conservation and other sustainability-related programs.
A history of primatology in India (In memory of Professor Sheo Dan Singh)
Authors: Mewa Singh  , Mridula Singh  , Honnavalli N. Kumara  , Dilip Chetry  , Santanu Mahato  
Published: September 2020

India harbors a wide diversity of primates with 24 species that include lorises, macaques, langurs and gibbons. Systematic research on the primates in India started about 60 years ago. In order to develop a historical perspective, we recognize three broad phases of primate research: largely natural history and base line research, primarily behavioral ecology research, and increasingly question and hypothesis-driven research. We describe the old and the recent primate research in the country and suggest research areas for the future.
Challenges to school-based physical activity data collection: Reflections from English primary and secondary schools
Authors: Taylor Sarah , Owen Michael 
Published: September 2020

Background: Schools are ideal environments in which to conduct child and adolescent physical activity (PA) research. Despite this, PA-specific practical guidance for school-based research is lacking, which may present unique challenges to researchers. Based on reflections from our own experiences, this paper seeks to provide practical guidance on how best to approach school-based PA data collection. Discussion: This paper focuses on the practicalities of quantitative and qualitative data collection in English primary (4–11 years) and secondary (11–16 years) schools. Recruitment and consent are discussed, and practical guidance provided with respect to engagement with parent/carer(s) and ethical considerations. The importance of good communication with schools, together with its importance in facilitating efficient data collection (through planning, data collection and resource utilisation), is described. Finally, the importance of giving back to the school and participants once a research project has been completed is stressed. Summary: Improved understanding of data collection procedures for school-based PA research is key to helping research become more systematic and efficient. Findings in this paper will be particularly useful to undergraduate and postgraduate students and early career researchers.
Ankle Range of Motion Following 3-Component Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Authors: Ruiz Roxa , Krähenbühl Nicola , Susdorf Roman , Horn-Lang Tamara , Barg Alexej , Hintermann Beat 
Published: September 2020

Background: Although surgeons have argued that preserving motion at the level of the ankle joint may be crucial for the long-term success in the treatment of end-stage ankle osteoarthritis, there is little evidence regarding the potential of total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) to increase ankle range of motion (ROM). In addition, the effect of a percutaneous heel cord lengthening (HCL) during TAA on ankle motion is poorly understood. Methods: A total of 357 primary TAAs treated with a 3-component device (336 patients, mean age 62.6 [24-85] years) performed between May 2003 and November 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Sagittal ankle ROM was assessed according to a previously published protocol preoperatively (PreOP), 1 year postoperatively (PostOP), and at the last available follow-up (LastFU). Pain assessed on a visual analog scale (VAS) was assessed at the same time points. The effect of a percutaneous HCL on ankle ROM and VAS for pain was also evaluated. Results: Preoperative ankle ROM increased from mean 31.3 (0-69) to 33.9 (5-65) degrees 1 year postoperatively ( P = .0002) and decreased to 31.9 (5-70) degrees at the LastFU ( P = .007). Percutaneous HCL showed no effect on ankle ROM development after TAA ( P = .141). Ankle ROM improvement after TAA (PreOP to LastFU) was higher in ankles with lower preoperative ankle motion ( P < .0001). A lower ankle ROM at the last follow-up tended to be associated with a higher pain level ( P = .056). Conclusion: Although ankles with a lower preoperative sagittal ROM gained motion, the current data suggest that TAA has little potential to increase the preoperative available ankle motion. In some patients with a high preoperative ankle ROM, a slight decrease of ankle motion was observed postoperatively. Patients with limited ankle motion at long-term follow-up tended toward experiencing higher pain levels. The short- and long-term effect of a percutaneous HCL on ankle ROM following TAA was minimal. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative series.
Correlation between ocular perfusion pressure and translaminar pressure difference in glaucoma: Evidence for a three-pressure disease?
Authors: Matuoka Mateus L , Santos Katia S , Cruz Natasha FS , Kasahara Niro 
Published: September 2020

Aim: To evaluate the correlation between the translaminar pressure difference (TLPD) and the ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) in glaucoma patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients and normal individuals underwent an ophthalmic evaluation as well as blood pressure, height, and weight measurements. Intracranial pressure (ICP) and OPP were calculated using proxy mathematical formulas to attain indirect surrogate parameter values. The TLPD was calculated as intraocular pressure minus ICP. The association between the variables was evaluated using linear and non-linear regression analysis and the correlation estimated with Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: The sample included 50 POAG patients and 25 normal subjects. The mean OPP for all 75 subjects (75 eyes) was 53.1 ± 9.3 mmHg and the calculated TLPG was 3.1 ± 4.2 mmHg. TLPG showed a negative correlation with OPP ( r = −0.580; 95% CI, −0.690 to −0.366; p < 0.0001). Conclusion: The negative correlation between OPP and TLPD observed in the study substantiates the concept of glaucoma as a three-pressure disease.
Characteristics of toddlers with early versus later diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Miller Lauren E , Dai Yael G , Fein Deborah A , Robins Diana L 
Published: September 2020

Autism spectrum disorder symptom emergence is heterogeneous, yet literature comparing young children diagnosed early versus later is relatively scant. Toddlers diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder between 12 and 18 months ( n = 20), 19 and 24 months ( n = 65), or 25 and 41 months ( n = 27) were compared on demographics, developmental functioning, and symptoms. Later diagnosed children were more impaired than both younger groups on nonverbal reasoning, adaptive behavior, and autism spectrum disorder severity. Fine motor, receptive language, and social skills followed a linear pattern, with 25- to 41-month children more delayed than 19- to 24-month participants, who were more delayed than 12- to 18-month toddlers. Communication skills were similarly impaired across groups. Universal autism spectrum disorder screening before 18 months may detect toddlers when symptoms are milder and more amenable to intervention. Lay abstract The emergence of autism symptoms in childhood is variable, with some children showing signs of autism spectrum disorder very early, and others not being identified until much later. Although most children in the United States are not diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder until preschool, at ages 3–4 years, symptoms can be reliably detected at 14 months. It is less certain how those toddlers diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder earlier versus later differ from each other clinically. This study revealed that young children diagnosed later in development, between ages 25 and 41 months, are more impaired on measures of cognitive, adaptive, and social functioning than their counterparts who are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder earlier. All young children with autism spectrum disorder are impaired in communication to a similar degree, however. Universal autism screening at 18 months may identify toddlers with autism spectrum disorder when their symptoms are milder and more readily amenable to intervention. Repeated screening at 24 months is supported to detect those children missed by an earlier screening, who may be more severely affected. Caregivers should be encouraged to pursue diagnostic evaluation at an initial positive screening result to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment.