bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of oleaginous yeasts that metabolize aromatic compounds
Authors: Yaguchi Allison , Franaszek Nicole , O’Neill Kaelyn , Lee Stephen , Sitepu Irnayuli , Boundy-Mills Kyria , Blenner Mark 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The valorization of lignin is critical for the economic viability of the bioeconomy. Microbial metabolism is advantageous for handling the myriad of aromatic compounds resulting from lignin chemical or enzymatic depolymerization. Coupling aromatic metabolism to fatty acid biosynthesis makes possible the production of biofuels, oleochemicals, and other fine/bulk chemicals derived from lignin. Our previous work identified Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus as a yeast that could accumulate nearly 70% of its dry cell weight as lipids using aromatics as a sole carbon source. Expanding on this, other oleaginous yeast species were investigated for the metabolism of lignin-relevant monoaromatics. Thirty-six oleaginous yeast species from the Phaff yeast collection were screened for growth on several aromatic compounds representing S-, G-, and H- type lignin. The analysis reported in this study suggests that aromatic metabolism is largely segregated to the Cutaenotrichosporon, Trichosporon, and Rhodotorula clades. Each species tested within each clade has different properties with respect to the aromatics metabolized and the concentrations of aromatics tolerated. The combined analysis suggests that Cutaneotrichosporon yeast are the best suited to broad spectrum aromatic metabolism and support its development as a model system for aromatic metabolism in yeast.
Aureliella helgolandensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel Planctomycete isolated from a jellyfish at the shore of the island Helgoland
Authors: Kallscheuer Nicolai , Wiegand Sandra , Boedeker Christian , Peeters Stijn H. , Jogler Mareike , Rast Patrick , Heuer Anja , Jetten Mike S. M. , Rohde Manfred , Jogler Christian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA novel planctomycetal strain, designated Q31aT, was isolated from a jellyfish at the shore of the island Helgoland in the North Sea. The strain forms lucid white colonies on solid medium and displays typical characteristics of planctomycetal strains, such as division by budding, formation of rosettes, presence of crateriform structures, extracellular matrix or fibre and a holdfast structure. Q31aT is mesophilic (temperature optimum 27 °C), neutrophilic (pH optimum 7.5), aerobic and heterotrophic. A maximal growth rate of 0.017 h− 1 (generation time of 41 h) was observed. Q31aT has a genome size of 8.44 Mb and a G + C content of 55.3%. Phylogenetically, the strain represents a novel genus and species in the recently introduced family Pirellulaceae, order Pirellulales, class Planctomycetia. We propose the name Aureliella helgolandensis gen. nov., sp. nov. for the novel species, represented by Q31aT (= DSM 103537T = LMG 29700T) as the type strain.
Current community based ecotourism practices in Menz Guassa community conservation area, Ethiopia
Authors: Teshome Endalkachew , Shita Fikadu , Abebe Firdyiwok 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEthiopia is a country which is endowed with an enormous assemblage of ecotourism resources. This makes it a suitable country for the development of community based ecotourism endeavors, to enhance conservation practices, and improve indigenous livelihood. This study aimed to assess the current community based ecotourism practices in Menz Guassa Community Conservation Area. A cross-sectional study design combining both quantitative and qualitative methods was used to describe the existing community based practices. A total of 223 study participants completed a questionnaire, and the data received were analyzed by using SPSS Version 20. Findings revealed that relatively, Menz Guassa offers higher natural tourism activities (i.e. trekking, bird and wildlife watching, climbing) with 4.35 mean, compared to cultural activities. Indigenous community leaders were capable of operating and managing community based ecotourism businesses effectively, and inspiring individuals from the local population to participate in the tourism business. The income generating from community based ecotourism practices contributes to natural resource conservation, cultural preservation, and livelihood improvement. The current community organization specifically established for the management and operation of community based tourism was effective. Community based ecotourism practices to this destination were respectful of the rights, cultural and spiritual practices of the indigenous community.
Large-scale evaluation of cytochrome P450 2C9 mediated drug interaction potential with machine learning-based consensus modeling
Authors: Rácz Anita , Keserű György M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes play an important role in the metabolism of xenobiotics. Since they are connected to drug interactions, screening for potential inhibitors is of utmost importance in drug discovery settings. Our study provides an extensive classification model for P450-drug interactions with one of the most prominent members, the 2C9 isoenzyme. Our model involved the largest set of 45,000 molecules ever used for developing prediction models. The models are based on three different types of descriptors, (a) typical one, two and three dimensional molecular descriptors, (b) chemical and pharmacophore fingerprints and (c) interaction fingerprints with docking scores. Two machine learning algorithms, the boosted tree and the multilayer feedforward of resilient backpropagation network were used and compared based on their performances. The models were validated both internally and using external validation sets. The results showed that the consensus voting technique with custom probability thresholds could provide promising results even in large-scale cases without any restrictions on the applicability domain. Our best model was capable to predict the 2C9 inhibitory activity with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.85 and 0.84 for the internal and the external test sets, respectively. The chemical space covered with the largest available dataset has reached its limit encompassing publicly available bioactivity data for the 2C9 isoenzyme.
Smoothness Parameter of Power of Euclidean Norm
Authors: Rodomanov Anton , Nesterov Yurii 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we study derivatives of powers of Euclidean norm. We prove their Hölder continuity and establish explicit expressions for the corresponding constants. We show that these constants are optimal for odd derivatives and at most two times suboptimal for the even ones. In the particular case of integer powers, when the Hölder continuity transforms into the Lipschitz continuity, we improve this result and obtain the optimal constants.
Application of airborne hyperspectral data for mapping of invasive alien Spiraea tomentosa L.: a serious threat to peat bog plant communities
Authors: Kopeć Dominik , Sabat-Tomala Anita , Michalska-Hejduk Dorota , Jarocińska Anna , Niedzielko Jan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRemote sensing is increasingly widely used in nature conservation management. The research focuses on developing an optimal set of airborne raster data for the identification of the invasive alien species Spiraea tomentosa L. The plant species selected for the purposes of this study poses a serious threat to peat bog plant communities, moist coniferous forests, and meadows in Central Europe. The impact of the data acquisition time on the accuracy of classification and the percentage cover limit required for correct identification of a target species using the developed method were also investigated. The study area is located in the Lower Silesian forests in Poland and is protected as a Natura 2000 site. Airborne hyperspectral and laser scanning data were simultaneously acquired two times in the growing season (August and September 2016) parallel to on-ground reference data collection. The 1 m resolution HySpex images with spectral range of 0.4–2.5 μm were corrected atmospherically, radiometrically and geometrically. Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) data acquired at 7 points/m2 were used to generate several products, e.g. Canopy Height Model (CHM), rasters representing morphometric features of the area (Multiresolution Index of the Ridge Top Flatness or Valley Bottom Flatness—MRRTF, MRVBF), wetness relations (Topographic Wetness Index—TWI) and the availability of light (Total Insolation—TI), intensity of laser pulse reflection and geometric relations of vegetation points (i.a. Vegetation Cover, Vegetation Mean Intensity). The Random Forest (RF) classification and different raster datasets were used to identify the target species. As a result, the highest accuracy was obtained for the scenario based on HySpex images acquired in September. The accuracy (f1 score) for the target species achieved 83%. The developed method for the identification of Spiraea tomentosa has a great potential for application and can be used for monitoring peat bogs threatened by invasion of alien plants.
Intersektorale Kooperationen auf verschiedenen Steuerungsebenen in der kommunalen Gesundheitsförderung von Kindern
Authors: Bentgens Caroline 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Intersektorale Zusammenarbeit ist eine wichtige Strategie in der kommunalen Gesundheitsförderung von Kindern, bei der Akteure aus verschiedenen Sektoren und auf unterschiedlichen Steuerungsebenen koordiniert zusammenarbeiten.

Fragestellung
Wie sehen Experten die intersektorale Zusammenarbeit in der kommunalen Gesundheitsförderung (KGF) der Landeshauptstadt Düsseldorf?

Material und Methode
Es wurden acht Interviews mit Experten geführt, die in der KGF von Kindern in Düsseldorf auf zwei verschiedenen Steuerungsebenen tätig sind. Drei Experten sind der operativen und fünf der strategischen Steuerungsebene zuzuordnen. Die Interviews wurden einer Qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse unterzogen.

Ergebnisse
Die Experten beschreiben vielfältige positive Aspekte intersektoraler Zusammenarbeit, die die eigene Arbeit bereichern, den Zugang zur Zielgruppe vereinfachen und die Bedeutung des Themas gegenüber Politik und anderen Stakeholdern steigern. Verbesserungswürdig sind die Zusammenarbeit mit den Krankenkassen und die Steuerungsstrukturen.

Schlussfolgerungen
Die Ergebnisse bekräftigen die Wichtigkeit intersektoraler Zusammenarbeit in der KGF und zeigen Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten auf.
Soziale Elternschaft und soziale Zugehörigkeit. Reflexionen der Zürcher Adoptionsstudie
Authors: Gabriel Thomas , Keller Samuel 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Artikel reflektiert den Begriff und das Konzept der „Sozialen Elternschaft“ vor dem Hintergrund ausgewählter Befunde der „Zürcher Adoptionsstudie“. Im Fokus stehen dabei erziehungswissenschaftliche Fragen an Übergänge vom Paar- zum Familienleben, die am empirischen Material verdichtet werden. Anhand des Konzepts der „Leiblichkeit“ wird eine zentrale Herausforderung exemplarisch aufgegriffen und diskutiert. Daran wird deutlich, wie gesellschaftliche Wandlungsprozesse, normative Ansprüche und Familienbilder sowie behördliche Überprüfungen die Suche nach Normalität von „Eltern unter Beobachtung“ beeinflussen. Sie erschweren oft eine eigenständige und sinnstiftende Entwicklung ihrer „Sozialen Elternschaft“, die auch das Kind einschließt.
Lesson learned? Demokratische Resilienz gegenüber digitaler Wahlbeeinflussung in den USA und Deutschland
Authors: Zettl Kerstin 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Studie untersucht den Einfluss systemischer und situativer Faktoren auf die unterschiedliche demokratische Resilienz vor externer, digitaler Wahlbeeinflussung durch Russland in den USA 2016 und in Deutschland 2017. Der Vergleich zeigt, dass insbesondere dem Polarisierungsgrad, der Logik des Wahlkampfes sowie der Stellung etablierter Medien eine Erklärungskraft für das jeweilig russischemeddlingunterstellt werden kann. Gleichzeitig können die Wirkweisen einzelner Faktoren auf der technischen Ebene (E-Voting) nicht isoliert, sondern nur in Bezug zueinander bewertet werden.
The readability of online health resources for phenylketonuria
Authors: Marsh Jessie M. , Dobbs Thomas D. , Hutchings Hayley A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPhenylketonuria (PKU) is a condition that results in the build-up of phenylalanine in the blood. This can cause severe brain damage and neurological issues if left untreated. Management can be complex and many individuals may turn to the internet to access further information. It is important that resources are understood as misinterpretation could result in harm to health. The aim of this study was to assess the readability of online resources for PKU and to assess their visual appearance using a communication sciences assessment framework. We searched the top five websites through Google using the search term “phenylketonuria/PKU”. We then analysed the text content of the identified websites using five readability formulae to determine the USA and UK reading grade. The median readability level across the five websites was US grade/UK grade 10.6/11.6, with individual grades ranging from 10/11 to 13.3/14.3. We found wide differences in the focus, layout and general appearance of the websites. The readability of resources was much higher than the recommended US 6th grade level. Online resources for PKU need to be simplified to ensure they can be easily understood.
LARUS: an unmanned aircraft for the support of maritime rescue missions under heavy weather conditions
Authors: Ostermann T. , Ben C. , Martin I. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn maritime emergencies, the time until arrival at the scene of an accident is a decisive factor for a successful rescue operation. In this context, the research project LARUS aims to support the rescue forces at sea with unmanned aerial systems and thus to optimize the rescue process. This refers on the one hand to the localization of potential accident sites and on the other hand to informing the rescuers about the situation on site as well as the provision of an efficient communication infrastructure. For this purpose, the UAS is equipped with various sensors and communication media. To ensure a seamless rescue procedure, the aircraft must be capable of operating even under severe weather conditions. In this regard, the Institute of Flight System Dynamics is currently investigating measures to reduce the gust loads to make the UAS robust against challenging weather conditions. The integration of the LARUS aerial system into airspace using an active collision avoidance system is also an important research aspect. In addition, the adaptation of flight control to the expanded requirements and influencing factors as well as the implementation of international SAR search strategies for flight guidance are also the subject of development work.
Influence of the endocannabinoid system on the antidepressant activity of bupropion and moclobemide in the behavioural tests in mice
Authors: Poleszak Ewa , Wośko Sylwia , Sławińska Karolina , Wyska Elżbieta , Szopa Aleksandra , Świąder Katarzyna , Wróbel Andrzej , Szponar Jarosław , Doboszewska Urszula , Wlaź Piotr , Wlaź Aleksandra , Serefko Anna 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Though there are several classes of antidepressant drugs available on the pharmaceutical market, depression that affects globally over 320 million people is still undertreated. Scientists have made attempts to develop novel therapeutical strategies to maximize effectiveness of therapy and minimize undesired reactions. One of the ideas is use of either dual-action agents or combined administration of two substances that affect diverse neurotransmissions. Thus, we investigated whether the selected CB receptor ligands (oleamide, AM251, JWH133, and AM630) can have an impact on the activity of bupropion and moclobemide. Bupropion belongs to the dual acting drugs, whereas moclobemide is an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase.

Methods
The mice forced swim test and the tail suspension test were applied in order to determine the potential antidepressant-like activity, whereas the HPLC method was used in order to assess the brain concentrations of the tested antidepressants.

Results
An intraperitoneal injection of sub-effective doses of oleamide (5 mg/kg), AM251 (0.25 mg/kg), and AM630 (0.25 mg/kg) increased activity of bupropion (10 mg/kg) in both behavioural tests. Effects of moclobemide (1.5 mg/kg) were potentiated only by AM251. These results were not influenced by the hypo- or hyperlocomotion of animals.

Conclusion
The outcomes of the present study revealed that particularly activation or inhibition of the CB1 receptor function may augment the antidepressant activity of bupropion, whereas only inhibition of the CB1 receptor function manages to increase activity of moclobemide. Most probably, an interplay between CB receptor ligands and bupropion or moclobemide takes place at the cellular level.
Translating COVID-19 Pandemic Surge Theory to Practice in the Emergency Department: How to Expand Structure
Authors: Paganini Matteo , Conti Andrea , Weinstein Eric , Della Corte Francesco , Ragazzoni Luca 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMultiple professional societies, nongovernment and government agencies have studied the science of sudden onset disaster mass casualty incidents to create and promote surge response guidelines. The COVID-19 pandemic has presented the health-care system with challenges that have limited science to guide the staff, stuff, and structure surge response.This study reviewed the available surge science literature specifically to guide an emergency department’s surge structural response using a translational science approach to answer the question: How does the concept of sudden onset mass casualty incident surge capability apply to the process to expand COVID-19 pandemic surge structure response?The available surge structural science literature was reviewed to determine the application to a pandemic response. The on-line ahead of print and print COVID-19 scientific publications, as well as gray literature were studied to learn the best available COVID-19 surge structural response science. A checklist was created to guide the emergency department team’s COVID-19 surge structural response.
The Learning Model of Use-of-Force Reviews
Authors: Thacher David 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSince the 1970s, police departments have subjected the use of force by their officers to increasingly stringent oversight, but those efforts have struggled against the difficulty of codifying the complex and idiosyncratic judgments that police work requires. In response, some departments have developed new models of oversight that use routine incident reviews partly as a tool for learning in order to document the continually surprising circumstances that officers encounter in the field, to scrutinize existing responses, and to articulate alternatives. This article analyzes the logic of this emerging model through a case study of use-of-force reviews in the Portland Police Bureau. I argue that this emerging model relies on an approach to practical inquiry that has not been adequately understood in criminal justice scholarship and practice—one that uses the routine review of organizational experience to pursue normative progress as well as technical understanding and that makes it possible to adapt complex policing practices to the local environment in which they operate.
Effects of dietary inulin supplementation on growth performance, intestinal barrier integrity and microbial populations in weaned pigs
Authors: Wang Weikang , Chen Daiwen , Yu Bing , Huang Zhiqing , Mao Xiangbing , Zheng Ping , Luo Yuheng , Yu Jie , Luo Junqiu , Yan Hui , He Jun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHere, we explored the influences of dietary inulin (INU) supplementation on growth performance and intestinal health in a porcine model. Thirty-two male weaned pigs (with an average body weight of 7·10 (sd 0·20) kg) were randomly assigned to four treatments and fed with a basal diet (BD) or BD containing 2·5, 5·0 and 10·0 g/kg INU. After a 21-d trial, pigs were killed for collection of serum and intestinal tissues. We show that INU supplementation had no significant influence on the growth performance in weaned pigs. INU significantly elevated serum insulin-like growth factor-1 concentration but decreased diamine oxidase concentration (P < 0·05). Interestingly, 2·5 and 5·0 g/kg INU supplementation significantly elevated the villus height in jejunum and ileum (P < 0·05). Moreover, 2·5 and 5·0 g/kg INU supplementation also elevated the villus height to crypt depth (V:C) in the duodenum and ileum and improved the distribution and abundance of tight-junction protein zonula occludens-1 in duodenum and ileum epithelium. INU supplementation at 10·0 g/kg significantly elevated the sucrase activity in the ileum mucosa (P < 0·05). INU supplementation decreased the expression level of TNF-α but elevated the expression level of GLUT 2 and divalent metal transporter 1 in the intestinal mucosa (P < 0·05). Moreover, INU increased acetic and butyric acid concentrations in caecum (P < 0·05). Importantly, INU elevated the Lactobacillus population but decreased the Escherichia coli population in the caecum (P < 0·05). These results not only indicate a beneficial effect of INU on growth performance and intestinal barrier functions but also offer potential mechanisms behind the dietary fibre-regulated intestinal health.
Effects of maternal vitamin D3 during pregnancy on FASN and LIPE mRNA expression in offspring pigs
Authors: Guo Liping , Miao Zhiguo , Ma Hanjun , Melnychuk Sergiy 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this study, sows were fed 200 (LD), 800 (ND) and 3200 (HD) IU of vitamin D3/kg basal diet during pregnancy (from 41 d to birth), respectively. All their offspring pigs were fed the same vitamin D3 replete die. At 150 days of age, a total of 18 offspring pigs (six offspring pigs per maternal diet group, sex balance) were weighed and slaughtered to investigate effects of maternal vitamin D3 during pregnancy on fatty acids synthase (FASN) and hormone-sensitive lipase (LIPE) expression in offspring pigs. The results showed that LD offspring pigs had higher FASN mRNA expression and the ratio of FASN/LIPE mRNA expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue, as well as higher LIPE mRNA expression of longissimus dorsal muscle, whereas, had lower the ratio of FASN/LIPE mRNA expression in longissimus dorsal muscle compared with ND or HD offspring pigs, respectively. Meanwhile, LD offspring pigs had higher carcass fat, average backfat thickness (ABFT), serum insulin and leptin levels, lower intramuscular fat (IMF), serum free fatty acid and triglycerol levels compared with ND or HD offspring pigs. In addition, the ratio of FASN/LIPE mRNA expression was negatively correlated with IMF content, and positively correlated to carcass fat content and ABFT in offspring pigs. Meanwhile, FASN mRNA expression was positively correlated with carcass fat content, while negatively correlated with ABFT in offspring pigs. These results suggested that maternal vitamin D3 affected fat accumulation and meat quality by regulating FASN and LIPE mRNA expression in offspring pigs.