bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competitive ability of FNR NPPs: requirements and implementation in the Proryv Project Direction
Authors: Tolstoukhov D.A. , Panov S.A. , Presnyakov I.V. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A key condition for the advanced development of nuclear energy is to ensure the competitiveness of NPPs in comparison with alternative generation in solving system problems. Modern nuclear power technologies on Thermal Reactors, operating in open fuel cycle, can not guarantee long-term sustainable development of nuclear power, these technologies have almost exhausted the potential for increasing competitiveness. The report is considering the competitiveness of NPPs with thermal and fast reactors in comparison with power plants on organic fuels and renewable energy sources. The analysis performed on actual data of technical and economic indicators of competing generation types. The requirements of competitiveness for NPPs are considered, allowing to ensure development taking into account the possible improvement of technical and economic indicators of alternative generation. Determined the requirements to the criteria for competitiveness of NPPs with Fast Reactors and closed NFC. Also in the report are given facts on the evaluation of the achievement the required indicators for NPPs with BR and closed NFC on the basis of actual work in the Proryv Project.
Justification and optimization of FNR transition to the closed fuel cycle mode
Authors: Khomyakov Yu S , Rodina E A , Shmidt O V , Egorov A V , Makeeva I R , Popov I S , Sokolov V P 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The «Proryv» project implies developing advanced nuclear technologies for next generation large-scale nuclear power based on fast neutron reactors (FRs) operating in a closed nuclear fuel cycle (NFC). All components of the closed NFC must be in agreement with the requirements for the product characteristics and optimized in accordance with the different stages of the fuel cycle. Different variants of the closed nuclear fuel cycle are being looked into with different types of FRs, fuel, and fuel cycle facility arrangement options (centralized or on-site). Many processes and technical solutions, which are being used to develop the fuel recycling technology, have never been applied on a commercial or laboratory scale. Successfully implementing this technology implies developing a system of codes within the «Proryv» project, which would allow researchers to model various closed NFC options using a hierarchical approach. Dedicated computer software is used for optimizing particular closed NFC modules (the reactor, fuel fabrication and reprocessing modules). Optimization criteria are selected based on the requirements for characteristics of the products (in relation to quality or production time), which are in turn obtained from calculating the system as a whole. The functional possibility of conducting correlated calculations for FR cores and back-end nuclear fuel cycle processes was developed, which enabled researchers to factor in the effect of variable reactor core arrangement, startup fuel characteristics, equilibrium state attainment strategies and SNF composition on technology components and closed nuclear fuel cycle management.
Next generation control rods for fast neutron nuclear reactors
Authors: Risovany V D , Zakharov A V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Boron carbide with different boron-10 isotope content is used in the control rods of liquid sodium-cooled fast neutron nuclear reactors as absorbing material. “Trap” type control rods with heterogeneous placement of absorbing (B4C or EU2O3) and moderating (ZrH2) materials were developed. These products did not become widely used due to the high activity of europium radioisotopes and the high damageability of boron carbide. This article examines the design of next-generation control rods with boron carbide in the form of large diameter rings, hafnium hydride (HfHx, where x = 1.0-1.5) and made from a mixture of europium oxide and cobalt (Eu2O3 + Co) for fast neutron reactors . The use of a closed cycle using boron-10 isotopes, as well as spent absorbing kernels from Eu2O3+Co as gamma-ray sources is examined. It also deals with the prospects for the use of control rods with dysprosium hafnate (nDy2O3mHfO2) for lead-cooled fast reactors type BREST-OD-300.
Hydrometallurgical and combined technologies fast reactor MNUP and MOX UNF reprocessing
Authors: Shadrin A Yu , Dvoeglazov K N , Mochalov Yu S , Vidanov V V , Kashcheev V A , Terentiev A G , Gerasimenko M N , Cheshuyakov S A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Russian Federation is developing the key technologies for closed nuclear fuel cycle with FR used mixed uranium-plutonium nitride or oxide (MOX) fuel within the framework of the project “Proryv”. This is a new integrated comprehensive product for nuclear power, which provides in the future
- no accumulation of spent nuclear fuel;
- radioactive waste management based on the principles of radiation-equivalent disposal;
- technological support for the non-proliferation treaty;
- competitiveness with other large-scale power technologies.
The experimental and demonstration energy complex is under construction now on the site of Siberian Chemical Combine for the industrial development of the closed nuclear fuel cycle. ODEC will include a fast reactor BREST-OD-300 with lead coolant, facility for fabricating/refabrication of nitride fuel and the spent nuclear fuel processing facility.
Up today, the key technology elements were demonstrated using macro quantities U, Pu, Np, irradiated mixed nitride fuel and real high-level waste. Within the framework of the project “Proryv” a prototype of the fuel cycle of fast reactors is developing.
CNFC process codes
Authors: Schmidt O V , Feigin A I , Makeeva I R , Liventsov S N 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The following models and codes for technological stages of CNFC are being developed in the frames of “Proryv” project
• Mathematical models of technological processes describing physical and chemical, gas/hydrodynamic, kinetic and phase processes occurring in apparatus. The models are focused on reasoning the range of technical parameters under normal, transitional and abnormal modes and on reasoning and optimization of mass-dimensional characteristics of the equipment and calculation of separate units lifetime;
• KOD TP code is intended for real-time simulation of the operation of technological schemes in order to define the functionality, controllability and to optimize the technology including control systems and simulation of accidents;
• Kinematic model of processing lines is intended for virtual definition of commutated workability both separate processes, nodes and facilities and processing lines in all. Starting, transitional, stationary modes are considered as 4D-models taking into account kinematic and technological features and restrictions.
Developing models and codes are currently used when technologies for closing stages of CNFC are designed (preparing initial data for equipment design and construction). Calculation models allow to detect collisions on early stages and to correct technological, design and engineering documentation; to perform polyvariant calculations to define the efficiency of separate nodes and the scheme in whole; to reason technical and design solutions and to evaluate the fission and nuclear materials during all the stages of the technological process including the in-process one. Currently the integrated system of models and codes is being developed for consistent simulation of heterogeneous processes and phenomena that are required to consider under calculating maintaining and reasoning the safety of CNFC technologies. The integrated system includes the existing and newly developed models and codes intended to describe technologic processes and apparatus, nuclear and radiation safety, ignition criteria, combustion, construction and engineering system behavior under critical loading and so on. The use of modern computational systems allows to perform associate calculations with date exchange between different codes from simple engineering to CFD- codes and to provide the solution of the complex problem of CNFC technology simulation.
The relationship between frontotemporal effective connectivity and performance during auditory working memory task in noise
Authors: Othman E A , Yusoff A N , Mohamad M , Abdul Manan H 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The present study examined the relationship between effective connectivity among frontotemporal brain regions and auditory working memory (AWM) performance. Twenty healthy participants performed a word-based backward recall task in four signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions during functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. Functional data were pre-processed and analyzed using Statistical Parametric Mapping. Optimum connectivity model and strength of effective connectivity were analyzed using Dynamic Causal Modelling. Group results indicated significant brain activation in left superior temporal gyrus (STG) and left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Behavioral results showed that performance was enhanced in good SNR but worsened in low SNR. Bayesian model selection showed strong evidence of a bidirectional connection between left STG and left IFG. Correlation analyses showed a moderate positive linear relationship between effective connectivity from left STG to left IFG and behavioral performance. These findings suggest that the strength of effective connectivity from left STG and left IFG may underpin successful AWM performance.
Dosimetric comparison between different radiotherapy protocols for prostate cancer using Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Syahir M K , Fahmi M R , Hashikin N A A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We aimed to evaluate absorbed doses received by organs at risk (OARs) following prostate treatment with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), using different techniques (3D-CRT and box), number of fields (4 and 6 fields) and photon energies (6 and 10 MV). The MIRD5 adult male anthropomorphic phantom in GEANT4 package was used. However, the prostate, rectum and both femoral heads were not available, hence, were created within the phantom. A dose of 75 Gy was prescribed to the prostate, in all simulated treatments. Field size of 6.4 × 5.9 cm2 was used in all techniques. For 3D-CRT technique, beams with similar shape to the prostate were used, while for box technique, square-shaped beams were used. Absorbed doses to OARs (rectum, urinary bladder and both femoral heads) were then evaluated. The 3D-CRT technique resulted in lower dose to OARs compared to box technique. Also, the findings show an inverse relationship between number of fields and the OARs doses. There was no dose difference between the OARs with different beam energies. In conclusion, the 6-field 3D-CRT technique with 6 MV photon beam is an ideal treatment option for prostate cancer.
Identification of acute intracranial bleed on computed tomography using computer aided detection
Authors: Foo Y H , Wong J H D , Azman R R , Leong Y L , Tan L K 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Intracranial haemorrhage can be life threatening. Timely detection of acute intracranial haemorrhage in an emergency room is essential so that the patient can be given medical attention without delay. This has led to the use of Computer Aided Detection (CAD) systems which can help to pick up and prioritize patients with high risk of bleeding. A CAD for identification of acute intracranial haemorrhage in Computed Tomography (CT) on a per patient basis was developed in this project. The CAD is aimed to be a triage tool which determines the priority of image being read by radiologists. It was developed and validated using 119 and 108 volumes of brain CT images respectively. The volumes were first registered to standard Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space. Slices close to the base and top of the skull that tend to contribute to false positives were omitted. Then, the volumes were analysed by a fully automated CAD program developed in MATLAB. The algorithm involved multiple thresholding and symmetry detection in 3D to detect acute intracranial haemorrhage. The evaluation took around 5s per volume. On a per patient basis, the CAD achieved sensitivity of 75.0%, specificity of 83.8%, and accuracy of 80.6% in the validation set.
Changes in divergent thinking strategy due to creativity training: Findings from dynamic causal modelling
Authors: Abdul Hamid K , Yusoff A N , Rahman S , Osman S S , Surat S , Marzuki Ahmad M , Azmi N H 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Enhancing divergent thinking skills via creativity stimulation training has proven to increase performance in creativity, and caused changes in neuronal responses. However, the studies on effective connectivity between these regions has yet to be explored. This study aims to identify the most optimum connectivity model between left angular gyrus (AG), left precuneus (PCU) and medial prefrontal cortices (mPFC) during divergent thinking task in 36 healthy volunteers. All participants performed a behavioral alternative use test (AUT) and were divided into two groups, in which experimental group received creativity training, and control group were void of it. Both groups then underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data acquisition, in which participants were instructed to alternative use test (AUT) of the common household object visually projected to them in the MRI bore. Post-fMRI AUT assessment was also done. Data were analysed using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM12) and Dynamic Causal Modelling (DCM12.5) software. Findings revealed full bidirectional connectivity between left AG, left PCU and mPFC during execution of alternative use generation. Creativity stimulation training has impacted in the change of input centre to be on left AG in the control group and mPFC in the experimental group, implying different divergent thinking strategies among participants who attended the creativity training.
Preliminary evaluation of Time-of-flight (ToF) imaging system for monitoring DIBH radiotherapy
Authors: Abubakar A , Imran S S , Karim N K A , Kassim M Z , Gokula K , Norhafizah I , Zin H M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The study focusses on evaluation of a Time-of-flight (ToF) camera for monitoring breath-hold (BH) level during voluntary deep inspiration breath-hold radiotherapy (vDIBH-RT). A commercial Argos 3D P330 ToF camera (Bluetechnix, Austria) was used to provide the distance of the patient imaged based on the light reflected from the illuminated surface. A volunteer was recruited in this study to preliminary evaluate the performance of the ToF camera for optical surface imaging. The vDIBH-RT was simulated by instructing the patient to perform DIBH for 15 seconds during ToF imaging. A small region was selected on the image of the patient’s chest surface, mid-way between the nipples. 200 consecutive ToF images of the selected area were captured during the DIBH. Imaging was repeated during free breathing (FB). These were performed for two times (representing fractions) to evaluate the inter-fraction variability. MATLAB (MathWork, Natick, MA) was used to calculate the average distance and standard deviation (SD) across each set of images acquired during a DIBH representing the BH level and BH stability, respectively. The inter-fraction variability defined as the difference between fraction-1 and fraction-2 was 4.5 mm ± 0.86. The BH stability for both sessions were within 1 mm. The distance measured during free breathing shows traces similar to the respiratory pattern obtained when using spirometry system. In conclusion, the ToF camera has potential in monitoring BH during DIBH-RT for breast cancer.
Quantitative imaging with commercial SPECT
Authors: Said M A , Masud M A , Razak H R Abdul 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
With the introduction of the Computed Tomography (CT) into the SPECT technology, SPECT-CT is now capable to quantify the uptake to the organ by the introduction of Activity Calibration Factor (ACF). We implemented three different phantoms geometry to obtain the ACF. First acquisition done with uniform cylinder phantom from Data Spectrum, followed with uniform NEMA IEC Body and uniform glass bottle allows the simulation of different type of clinical imaging study. Acquisitions were performed on a Brightview XCT (Philip) gamma camera. All acquisition and reconstruction protocol according to the clinical practice setting with different voxel volume sizes of 0.811 cm3, 0.104 cm3 and 0.012 cm3 to demonstrate the different values of ACFs. The ACFs for Tc-99m, I-131 and Lu-177 calculated from 3D segmentation of SPECT-CT images for scaling three different matrix sizes. The results obtained in this study demonstrated that SPECT-CT is able to quantify uptake at the organ, and it has high possibility to be used as quantitative SPECT in clinical practice in the future.
Metabolic monitoring via on-line analysis of 13C-enriched carbon dioxide in exhaled mouse breath using substrate-integrated hollow waveguide infrared spectroscopy and luminescence sensing combined with Bayesian sampling
Authors: Seichter Felicia , Vogt Josef , Tütüncü Erhan , Hagemann Leila Tamina , Wachter Ulrich , Gröger Michael , Kress Sandra , Radermacher Peter , Mizaikoff Boris 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In studies that target specific functions or organs, the response is often overlaid by indirect effects of the intervention on global metabolism. The metabolic side of these interactions can be assessed based on total energy expenditure (TEE) and the contributions of the principal energy sources, carbohydrates, proteins and fat to whole body CO2 production. These parameters can be identified from indirect calorimetry using respiratory oxygen intake and CO2 dioxide production data that are combined with the response of the 13CO2 release in the expired air and the glucose tracer enrichment in plasma following a 13C glucose stable isotope infusion. This concept is applied to a mouse protocol involving anesthesia, mechanical respiration, a disease model, like hemorrhage and therapeutic intervention. It faces challenges caused by a small sample size for both breath and plasma as well as changes in metabolic parameters caused by disease and intervention. Key parameters are derived from multiple measurements, all afflicted with errors that may accumulate leading to unrealistic values. To cope with these challenges, a sensitive on-line breath analysis system based on substrate-integrated hollow waveguide infrared spectroscopy and luminescence (iHWG-IR-LS) was used to monitor gas exchange values. A Bayesian statistical model is developed that uses established equations for indirect calorimetry to predict values for respiratory gas exchange and tracer data that are consistent with the corresponding measurements and also provides statistical error bands for these parameters. With this new methodology, it was possible to estimate important metabolic parameters (respiratory quotient (RQ), relative contribution of carbohydrate, protein and fat oxidation fcarb, ffat
and fprot
, total energy expenditure TEE) in a resolution never available before for a minimal invasive protocol of mice under anesthesia.
New pest record of emerald stem borer, Agrilus sp. (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) on clove in South Bolaang Mongondow district, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Watung J F , Tulung M , Salaki C L 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The attack of emerald stem borer, Agrilus sp. on clove plant was first detected in 2007 by plant census officers at the plantation of P.T. Kawanua Kahuripan Pantera (KKP) in Bolaang Mongondow Selatan District. The surveys of clove pests at the end of 2016 to early 2017 in several clove plantations in South Bolaang Mongondow District, clove trees were found to have died from the attacks of the emerald stem borer. The attack occurred on the young clove tree about 5 to 20-yr-old plant, at a location with a height elevation of about 400 m above sea level (asl) on Lungkap village plantation up to 900 m asl on Tonsili plantation. As a result, the attack can cause the death of clove trees because the larvae bore around the tissue under the bark (cambium, xylem and phloem) so that it interferes with nutrient transport. In clove tree can be found in 1 to 4 larvae. Attack symptoms is in the form of zig-zag grooves. The average attack rate ranged from 17%, 26%, and 25% in each of the plantation resorts observed, namely: Lombuguwon resort, Tapamayondi and Tamonok. Distribution pattern in type fields are clustered with range I values (index of relationship variance and mean) greater than 1 (2,68, 3,03, 2,71); Iδ (Morisita index) greater than 1 (5,88, 3,99, 3,92); and k (negative binomial distribution index) smaller 2 (0,60, 0,49, 0,59). Agrilus sp. is categorized as a new pest in clove plant in Indonesia because it has never been reported before.
Simple method for mass-trapping of Chalcosoma atlas (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in oil palm plantation
Authors: Pradana M G , Prasetyo A E , Sitompul P , Daulay A S , Pasaribu H 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Atlas beetle is identified as one of minor pest in oil palm plantation. It feeds on oil palm fronds and some cases on the fruits. The beetle mass trapping has been conducted at an immature oil palm plantation in the peatland area located in Indragiri Hulu Region, Riau Province, Indonesia. In a total 2,963.89 ha area, the 10 dm3 dimension trap installed in the block boundaries every 100 m. The trap developed by 100 g of pineapple pieces which placed into a hanging container. The result showed from daily observation for 6 mo (June-Nov 2017), the trap caught 650,691 individuals. The highest catch number in the July-September period with total 39.96 individu/trap/day then decreased until the end of November with a total of 6.30 individu/trap/day.The result showed that the sex ratio trapped beetle is 1:1. The damage rate of atlas beetle decreased from 23.08% to 10.14% during trap application.
Rapid methods for screening sugarcane clones resistance against smut disease (Sporisorium scitamineum Syd.)
Authors: Khairani H S , Sinaga M S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The Indonesian government has a program to increase sugarcane productivity for domestic and export purposes. One constraint to sugarcane production is smut disease caused by Sporisorium scitamineum Syd. New resistant clones should be released since this disease already spreads to sugarcane varieties that are widely grown by farmers. Sugarcane clones are actually available, unfortunately the standard procedures for screening of clones resistance requires up to 5 mo. This experiment was conducted to develop a rapid screening method for smut resistance. The method was based on injecting 2 mL of S. scitamineum spores (106 spores/mL) on 4-mo-old plants. Injection was carried out on stem, 15 cm from the ground to avoid contamination; a maximum humidity of 72 hr in the inoculation area was maintained by sterile water droplets. Incidence of dried leaves and occurrence of smut spores at the leaves was observed as indication of plant responses to smut infection. With this method, plant responses can be obtained in less than 3 mo. This rapid screening method can be used as an alternative to shorten the testing period of sugarcane resistance to sugarcane smut.