bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correction of Moderate to High Hyperopia With Implantation of an Allogeneic Refractive Lenticule
Authors: Wu Jiawei , Xiong Lu , Wang Zheng , Reinstein Dan Z. , Vida Ryan S. , Archer Timothy J. 
Published: November 2020

PURPOSE:
To describe the visual outcomes of correcting moderate to high hyperopia after two different surgical procedures of lenticular implantation.

METHODS:
This prospective small case series study used epikeratophakia combined with transepithelial phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK-EP) and femtosecond laser–assisted lenticule intrastromal keratoplasty (LIKE) using myopic small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE)–derived refractive lenticule for correcting hyperopia ranging from +3.00 to +10.00 diopters (D). The implanted refractive lenticule was matched with the recipient's manifest refraction. The visual, refractive, corneal tomographic, and epithelial thickness outcomes were analyzed after surgery.

RESULTS:
Four eyes underwent PTK-EP and 6 eyes underwent LIKE. At the last postoperative visit, 6 of 10 eyes had uncorrected distance visual acuity equal to or better than the preoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA). No eyes lost one line or more of CDVA postoperatively. Postoperative spherical equivalent was within ±0.50 D of the target for 9 of 10 eyes. Posterior corneal curvature slightly steepened for PTK-EP and LIKE. Postoperative epithelial thickness demonstrated the expected doughnut pattern in both groups characterized by epithelium in the central zone (5 mm) thinner than that in the peripheral zone (5 to 7 mm).

CONCLUSIONS:
Visual outcomes, refraction, posterior corneal surface changes, and epithelial remodeling after PTKEP or LIKE show a potentially useful modality for correcting moderate to high hyperopia.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(11):772–779.]
Health Literacy Research Funded by the NIH for Disease Prevention
Authors: Villani Jennifer , Trivedi Neha 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Advancing health literacy is a fundamental step toward achieving population health. To that end, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) funded research to increase scientific understanding of how health literacy can reduce disparities and enhance the health of the United States.

Objective:
This study identified and evaluated NIH-funded health literacy research focusing on disease prevention.

Methods:
New R01, R03, and R21 research project grants awarded from fiscal year (FY) 2004 to FY 2017 studying health literacy and disease prevention were identified. Study characteristics, including the role of health literacy, how health literacy was measured, populations studied, and study design, were coded for each grant. Administrative grant data were obtained from the NIH's internal database. Research impact was assessed using the relative citation ratio (RCR).

Key Results:
There were 192 grants studying health literacy and disease prevention awarded by 18 NIH institutes and centers from FY 2004 to FY 2017, covering a wide variety of health conditions including cancer (26.0%), infectious diseases (13.5%), nutrition (8.3%), drug/alcohol use (7.8%), and cardiovascular disease (6.3%). Most grants studied the health literacy skills of patients (88%), with a few studies assessing the health literacy practices of health care providers (2.1%) or systems (1%). There was good representation of populations with traditionally low levels of health literacy, including Black/African American participants (30.2%), Hispanic/Latinx participants (28.6%), older adults (37%), and people with low income (20.8%). The scientific articles generated by these grants were more than twice (RCR = 2.18) as influential on the field as similar articles.

Conclusions:

The NIH provided support for a wide array of prevention-focused health literacy research. The value of this research is highlighted by the number of funding institutes and centers, the diversity of populations and health conditions studied, and the effect these grants had on the field. Future research should move beyond patient-level health literacy to health literacy practices of health care systems and providers.

[
HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2020, 4(4):e212–e223.]

Plain Language Summary:
This study describes health literacy research funded by the National Institutes of Health that focused on disease prevention. These grants sought to prevent a variety of health conditions, but health literacy research over the past 14 years continued to concentrate on the capacity of patients despite increased attention on the health literacy practices of health care providers and systems.
The Effect of Teaching Collocations to Kurdish Tertiary Students through Mobile Learning
Authors: Mallampalli Sasi Sekhar , Goyal Shriya 
Published: November 2020

<p class="0abstract">Proficiency in English occupies a significant place in the newly formed Kurdistan region of Iraq. English is considered a window of opportunities and economic development of its people and the region. The quality of teaching and learning plays a crucial role in achieving the objective. However, the lack of trained teachers in English at the school level has severely affected the standards of English at the tertiary level. Students pursuing undergraduate courses at Cihan University find it a challenging task to meet the required standards. The lack of a strong foundation in English in addition to the constraints of time and the high standards of the curriculum at the tertiary level makes it more challenging for the teachers to teach them writing skills. The present study aims at exposing the Kurdish students to English collocations vocabulary through Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) to enhance their writing and communicative purposes. Twenty-five students from undergraduate courses were randomly selected for the purpose of the study. The results have shown an improved performance of the students in using the right collocations. The study brings out the need for integrating MALL in the regular curriculum at the tertiary levels in Kurdistan.</p>
T Cell–Intrinsic CX3CR1 Marks the Most Differentiated Effector CD4+ T Cells, but Is Largely Dispensable for CD4+ T Cell Responses during Chronic Viral Infection
Authors: Batista Nathália V , Chang Yu-Han , Chu Kuan-Lun , Wang Kuan Chung , Girard Mélanie , Watts Tania H 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
CD4+ T cells play critical roles during chronic viral infections, but the factors that regulate these responses remain incompletely defined. During chronic infection of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus clone 13 (LCMV13), the TNFR family member GITR plays a critical CD4+ T cell–intrinsic role in allowing T cell accumulation and viral control. Previously, RNA sequencing of GITR+/+ and GITR−/− T cells sorted from the spleen of mice at day 3 of LCMV13 infection identified the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 as increased by GITR signaling in CD4+ T cells. In this study, we evaluated the role of CX3CR1 on CD4+ T cells during LCMV13 infection. CX3CR1 expression is induced on Ag-specific CD4+ T cells upon Ag stimulation, and GITR signaling further increases the level of CX3CR1 expression. CX3CR1 marks the most differentiated T-bethi, Th1 effector population. Adoptively transferred CX3CR1−/− SMARTA cells had slightly reduced expression of T-bet and IFN-γ per cell compared with their CX3CR1+/+ counterparts but showed no deficit in accumulation in the spleen, lung, or liver. In mixed-radiation chimeras reconstituted with CX3CR1+/+ and CX3CR1−/− bone marrow, CX3CR1+/+ CD4+ T cells showed a marginal deficit in tissue-resident memory T cell numbers compared with the CX3CR1−/− T cells. CX3CR1 may limit acquisition of the tissue-resident memory T cell phenotype because of its effects on increasing T-bet expression, albeit these small effects are unlikely to be of major biological significance. Taken together, these studies show that CX3CR1 marks the most highly differentiated CD4+ Th1 effector population but is largely dispensable for CD4+ T cell responses during chronic viral infection.
Zika Virus Disease Comparing Children and Adults in a Dengue-Endemic Setting
Authors: Wongsawat Jurai , Vivong Nutcharin , Suttha Patama , Utayamakul Sumonmal , Aumpornareekul Somtavil , Chewcharat Api , Chokephaibulkit Kulkanya 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTAcute Zika virus (ZIKV) infection may mimic dengue virus (DENV) infection. We aimed to study the clinical difference of ZIKV disease among suspected non-severe DENV patients comparing children and adults. Patients with acute illness suspected of DENV disease plus no evidence of plasma leakage at the Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Nonthaburi, Thailand, were enrolled from December 2016 to September 2018. Clinical data including DENV rapid diagnostic test (RDT) results were collected. Zika virus diagnosis was confirmed by real-time reverse transcription PCR on urine. Of 291 (180 pediatric and 111 adult) cases enrolled, 27 (10 pediatric and 17 adult) confirmed ZIKV cases were found. Rash was more frequent among pediatric ZIKV than pediatric non-ZIKV cases (100% versus 60%, P = 0.01). Rash, arthralgia, and conjunctivitis were more frequent among adult ZIKV than adult non-ZIKV cases (100% versus 29.8%, 64.7% versus 26.6%, 52.9% versus 9.7%, all P < 0.01, respectively). The median (interquartile range [IQR]) duration of rash was 4.5 (3.0, 7.25) days and 6.0 (4.5, 7.0) days in pediatric and adults ZIKV cases, respectively. Pediatric ZIKV cases had more fever (100% versus 58.5%, P = 0.03) but less arthralgia (20% versus 64.7%, P = 0.04) and less conjunctivitis (10% versus 52.9%, P = 0.04) than adult ZIKV cases. No ZIKV cases with DENV RDTs performed around day 3 of illness were positive for dengue nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) antigen. In dengue-endemic settings, rash and fever in children, and rash, arthralgia, and conjunctivitis in adults, particularly if rash persists for ≥ 3 days, plus negative dengue NS1 Ag during early febrile phase should prompt ZIKV diagnostic testing.
THE EFFECTS OF P-ALAXIN ON FERTILITY AND HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN MALE ADULT WISTAR RATS
Authors: Osonuga Ifabunmi Oduyemi , Adenowo Thomas Kehinde , Akindele Raheem Akinwunmi , Idowu Gbolahan 
Published: November 2020

P-Alaxin, is an anti-malarial drug that is highly effective in treating malaria all forms of malarial infection including multi drug resistance malaria in areas of high resistance especially in Africa. It is composed of dihydroartemisinin and piperaquine phosphate. This study investigates the effects of therapeutic dose of P-alaxin on fertility and hematological indices in rats. Fifteen male adult Wistar rats weighing between 150 and 220g were divided into three consisting of 5 rats per group. Normal saline was administered to the control group while the test and recovery groups were given 15.4mg/kg body weight of P-Alaxin orally for three days. The recovery group was allowed to recover for three days from the drug's effect. The animals were anaesthetized using diethyl ether. Blood samples were collected through cardiac puncture. Oral administration of P-alaxin (15.4mg/kg body weight) for three days reduced (p<0.05) significantly the sperm motility, sperm count, viability and testosterone as well as the PCV, Hb, WBC and RBC when compared to the control and there was no significant change in values of pH of the tests rats' semen. Allowing the rats to recover from the effects of the drug resulted in gradual restoration of sperm parameters and hematological indices under investigation. From the study it can be safely concluded that oral administration of P-Alaxin caused reduction in the hematological and sperm parameters and serum testosterone and could reduce male Wistar rats' fertility and also lead to anemia in rats
PERILOUS HIV BRINGS OUT DEADLY CANCERS
Authors: Camila A Carlman  , Bharat Mishra  , Anita Patel  
Published: November 2020

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is both infectious and contagious disease. The people infected with HIV have an increased risk of cancer while comparing with uninfected people. Kaposi’s sarcoma, aggressive B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma & cervical cancer are the three types of cancers which are termed as “HIV –associated cancers”. Apart from these cancers, HIV patients are prone to cancers of anus, liver, lung, pharynx which are termed as “non-AIDS defining cancers”. Viral oncogenesis and cytokine induced growth contribute to the development of Kaposi sarcoma. Several virally encoded genes such as bcl-2, IL-6, cyclin-D, GPCR & interferon regulatory factor, plays key role in cellular proliferation and survival. Infection with HIV weakens the immune system and reduces the body’s ability to fight against viral infections that may lead to cancer. Immunosuppression and inflammation in HIV patients also contribute to cancer progression. The complications of AIDS- related cancers include easy bleeding and bruising, tiredness, nausea, vomiting, poor appetite, mouth sores, hair loss etc. According to the data, HIV infected males are more susceptible to Kaposi’s sarcoma and Non- Hodgkin Lymphoma whereas females are more liable to cervical cancers. Early diagnosis and treatment options help to drop the risk of AIDS related cancers. The HAART therapy reduces the risk of cancer in HIV patients by lowering the amount of HIV circulating in blood, so that function of immune system to fight against the virus can be restored. Other treatment methods are chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation and surgery.
Residualidad del herbicida integrity en maíz, y el efecto agcelence de Headline (pyraclostrobin) en la remisión de síntomas de fitotoxicidad en chile, jitomate y calabaza, en Cuautla, Morelos
Authors: Acosta Ramos M. , García Munguía A. M , Vázquez Sánchez E. , Franco Sánchez M. , García Munguía C. A 
Published: November 2020

Algunos herbicidas según su estructura y características fisicoquímicas persisten en el ambiente y es de gran importancia conocer con certeza el tiempo en el cual la molécula química persiste adherida a las partículas del suelo, para determinar el momento oportuno en el cual es posible establecer el siguiente cultivo sin que haya problemas de fitotoxicidad propiciando por la acumulación de residuos en agua y suelo principalmente subiendo después por la cadena trófica y llegando hasta los seres humanos por consumo de alimentos, principalmente hortalizas de pocos días de desarrollo. La presente investigación determinó el efecto residual del herbicida Integrity, así como el efecto del fungicida Headline como promotor del efecto Agcelence para la remisión de síntomas de fitotoxicidad en la rotación de maíz con hortalizas, en donde los resultados fueron los siguientes: Integrity no ocasionó síntomas de fitotoxicidad a la dosis comercial (1.5 L.ha-1) aplicado en post-emergencia al cultivo, sin embargo las plantas de maíz presentaron una menor altura, se observó efecto residual hasta los 75 dias después de la aplicación en el testigo sin Headline tanto en chile, calabaza y jitomate; se encontró que Headline (pyraclostrobin) en su dosis alta (2.5 mL.L-1) ayuda en la remisión de los síntomas de fitotoxicidad ocasionados por el herbicida Integrity en un nivel agronómicamente aceptable (< 12.5 % de fitotoxicidad) en jitomate y calabaza.
Expression profiles and polymorphic identification of the &lt;i&gt;ACSL1&lt;/i&gt; gene and their association with body size traits in Dezhou donkeys
Authors: Lai Zhenyu , Wu Fei , Zhou Zihui , Li Mei , Gao Yuan , Yin Guijun , Yu Jie , Lei Chuzhao , Dang Ruihua 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Finding out the genetic mechanism of growth and development traits and the development of related molecular markers can help improve the breeding of livestock. The long-chain acyl coenzyme A synthase 1 (ACSL1) gene plays a major role in lipid synthesis and fatty acid catabolism. However, there are few studies on the ACSL1 gene polymorphism of Dezhou donkeys. This study analyzed the expression level of the ACSL1 gene in different tissues of young and adult Dezhou donkeys, as well as association analysis of four gene polymorphic loci in 450 individuals. The results showed that expression levels of the ACSL1 gene are higher in heart, liver, spleen, lung, renal, gastric and muscle tissues of adult donkeys than in those of young donkeys. In the association analysis between genotype and body size traits, the wild genotype DD at the ACSL1-1 locus in female and male donkeys was greater than the mutant genotype II (P<0.05); genotype II of ACSL1-2 was significantly higher than that of DD in withers height, body length, rump width and body weight of male donkeys (P<0.05); and ACSL1-3 showed a tendency for the wild genotype II to be greater than the mutant genotype DD in female and male donkeys (P<0.05). In addition, among the five haplotype combinations constructed, Hap3Hap3 (II-II-DD-DD) and Hap6Hap6 (DD-II-II-II) haplotype combinations were superior to other haplotype combinations in growth traits, which also indicated that the results of haplotype combination association analysis and genotype association analysis tended to be the same. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that the polymorphic loci of the ACSL1 gene can be used as candidate molecular markers for the growth and development of Dezhou donkeys, and provide a theoretical reference for the breeding of Dezhou donkeys.
Direct and semi-direct radiative forcing of biomass-burning aerosols over the southeast Atlantic (SEA) and its sensitivity to absorbing properties: a regional climate modeling study
Authors: Mallet Marc , Solmon Fabien , Nabat Pierre , Elguindi Nellie , Waquet Fabien , Bouniol Dominique , Sayer Andrew Mark , Meyer Kerry , Roehrig Romain , Michou Martine , Zuidema Paquita , Flamant Cyrille , Redemann Jens , Formenti Paola 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Simulations are performed for the period 2000–2015 by two different regional climate models, ALADIN and RegCM, to quantify the direct and semi-direct radiative effects of biomass-burning aerosols (BBAs) in the southeast Atlantic (SEA) region. Different simulations have been performed using strongly absorbing BBAs in accordance with recent in situ observations over the SEA. For the July–August–September (JAS) season, the single scattering albedo (SSA) and total aerosol optical depth (AOD) simulated by the ALADIN and RegCM models are consistent with the MACv2 climatology and MERRA-2 and CAMS-RA reanalyses near the biomass-burning emission sources. However, the above-cloud AOD is slightly underestimated compared to satellite (MODIS and POLDER) data during the transport over the SEA. The direct radiative effect exerted at the continental and oceanic surfaces by BBAs is significant in both models and the radiative effects at the top of the atmosphere indicate a remarkable regional contrast over SEA (in all-sky conditions), with a cooling (warming) north (south) of 10 ∘S, which is in agreement with the recent MACv2 climatology. In addition, the two models indicate that BBAs are responsible for an important shortwave radiative heating of ∼0.5–1 K per day over SEA during JAS with maxima between 2 and 4 km a.m.s.l. (above mean sea level). At these altitudes, BBAs increase air temperature by ∼0.2–0.5 K, with the highest values being co-located with low stratocumulus clouds. Vertical changes in air temperature limit the subsidence of air mass over SEA, creating a cyclonic anomaly. The opposite effect is simulated over the continent due to the increase in lower troposphere stability. The BBA semi-direct effect on the lower troposphere circulation is found to be consistent between the two models. Changes in the cloud fraction are moderate in response to the presence of smoke, and the models differ over the Gulf of Guinea. Finally, the results indicate an important sensitivity of the direct and semi-direct effects to the absorbing properties of BBAs. Over the stratocumulus (Sc) region, DRE varies from +0.94 W m−2 (scattering BBAs) to +3.93 W m−2 (most absorbing BBAs).
La Palma landslide tsunami: calibrated wave source and assessment of impact on French territories
Authors: Abadie Stéphane , Paris Alexandre , Ata Riadh , Le Roy Sylvestre , Arnaud Gael , Poupardin Adrien , Clous Lucie , Heinrich Philippe , Harris Jeffrey , Pedreros Rodrigo , Krien Yann 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. In this paper, we present new results on the potential La Palma collapse event, previously described and studied in Abadie et al. (2012). Three scenarios (i.e., slide volumes of 20, 40 and 80 km3) are considered, modeling the initiation of the slide to the water generation using THETIS, a 3D Navier–Stokes model. The slide is a Newtonian fluid whose viscosity is adjusted to approximate a granular behavior. After 5 min of propagation with THETIS, the generated water wave is transferred into FUNWAVE-TVD (Total Variation Diminishing version of FUNWAVE) to build a wave source suitable for propagation models. The results obtained for all the volumes after 15 min of Boussinesq model simulation are made available through a public repository. The signal is then propagated with two different Boussinesq models: FUNWAVE-TVD and Calypso. An overall good agreement is found between the two models, which secures the validity of the results. Finally, a detailed impact study is carried out on La Guadeloupe using a refined shallow water model, SCHISM, initiated with the FUNWAVE-TVD solution in the nearshore area. Although the slide modeling approach applied in this study seemingly leads to smaller waves compared to former works, the wave impact is still very significant for the maximum slide volume considered on surrounding islands and coasts, as well as on the most exposed remote coasts such as Guadeloupe. In Europe, the wave impact is significant (for specific areas in Spain and Portugal) to moderate (Atlantic French coast).
Na rua, a droga é destruição e curtição: um estudo em representações sociais
Authors: Campos Lorena Cardoso Mangabeira , Oliveira Jeane Freitas de , Jesus Marília Emanuela Ferreira de , Porcino Carle , Porto Priscilla Nunes 
Published: November 2020

Este estudo objetiva analisar a estrutura das representações sociais de pessoas em situação de rua sobre drogas. Pesquisa qualitativa, com 158 pessoas em situação de rua, que responderam ao Teste de Associação Livre de Palavras, com o estímulo “drogas” de novembro/2017 a janeiro/2018. Os dados foram processados por dois softwares que permitiram análise fundamentada na Teoria das Representações Sociais. Nas representações gráficas geradas pelos softwares, os termos “destruição”, “coisa ruim”, “tristeza” sinalizam uma conotação negativa sobre as drogas em contraponto ao termo “curtição” que revela o uso como ação que promove prazer, sobrevivência, relacionada ao contexto da rua. Para o grupo investigado, as drogas representam elemento de sobrevivência, que podem potencializar outras vulnerabilidades. Destaca-se a importância da Estratégia de Redução de Danos no cuidado às pessoas em situação de rua, pela possibilidade desta considerar o sujeito, suas representações e especificidades.
Descritores: Drogas; Pessoas em Situação de Rua; Associação Livre; Vulnerabilidade Social.