bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Network-inspired versus Kozeny–Carman based permeability-porosity relations applied to Biot’s poroelasticity model
Authors: Rahrah Menel , Lopez-Peña Luis A. , Vermolen Fred , Meulenbroek Bernard 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWater injection in the aquifer induces deformations in the soil. These mechanical deformations give rise to a change in porosity and permeability, which results in non-linearity of the mathematical problem. Assuming that the deformations are very small, the model provided by Biot’s theory of linear poroelasticity is used to determine the local displacement of the skeleton of a porous medium, as well as the fluid flow through the pores. In this continuum scale model, the Kozeny–Carman equation is commonly used to determine the permeability of the porous medium from the porosity. The Kozeny–Carman relation states that flow through the pores is possible at a certain location as long as the porosity is larger than zero at this location in the aquifer. However, from network models it is known that percolation thresholds exist, indicating that the permeability will be equal to zero if the porosity becomes smaller than these thresholds. In this paper, the relationship between permeability and porosity is investigated. A new permeability-porosity relation, based on the percolation theory, is derived and compared with the Kozeny–Carman relation. The strongest feature of the new approach is related to its capability to give a good description of the permeability in case of low porosities. However, with this network-inspired approach small values of the permeability are more likely to occur. Since we show that the solution of Biot’s model converges to the solution of a saddle point problem for small time steps and low permeability, we need stabilisation in the finite element approximation.
Development and validation of a prognostic model incorporating [18F]FDG PET/CT radiomics for patients with minor salivary gland carcinoma
Authors: Cheng Nai-Ming , Hsieh Cheng-En , Fang Yu-Hua Dean , Liao Chun-Ta , Ng Shu-Hang , Wang Hung-Ming , Chou Wen-Chi , Lin Chien-Yu , Yen Tzu-Chen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to develop and validate a prognostic model incorporating [18F]FDG PET/CT radiomics for patients of minor salivary gland carcinoma (MSGC).

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the pretreatment [18F]FDG PET/CT images of 75 MSGC patients treated with curative intent. Using a 1.5:1 ratio, the patients were randomly divided into a training and validation group. The main outcome measurements were overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS). All of the patients were followed up for at least 30 months or until death. Following segmentation of tumors and lymph nodes on PET images, radiomic features were extracted. The prognostic significance of PET radiomics and clinical parameters in the training group was examined using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Variables showing a significant impact on OS and RFS were entered into multivariable Cox regression models. Recursive partitioning analysis was subsequently implemented to devise a prognostic index, whose performance was examined in the validation group. Finally, the performance of the index was compared with clinical variables in the entire cohort and nomograms for surgically treated cases.

Results
The training and validation groups consisted of 45 and 30 patients, respectively. The median follow-up time in the entire cohort was 59.5 months. Eighteen relapse, 19 dead, and thirteen relapse, eight dead events were found in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. In the training group, two factors were identified as independently associated with poor OS, i.e., (1) tumors with both high maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and discretized intensity entropy and (2) poor performance status or N2c-N3 stage. A prognostic model based on the above factors was devised and showed significant higher concordance index (C-index) for OS than those of AJCC stage and high-risk histology (C-index: 0.83 vs. 0.65, P = 0.005; 0.83 vs. 0.54, P < 0.001, respectively). This index also demonstrated superior performance than nomogram for OS (C-index: 0.88 vs. 0.70, P = 0.017) and that for RFS (C-index: 0.87 vs. 0.72, P = 0.004).

Conclusions
We devised a novel prognostic model that incorporates [18F]FDG PET/CT radiomics and may help refine outcome prediction in patients with MSGC.
Existence and multiplicity of solutions for Schrödinger–Kirchhoff type problems involving the fractional $p(\cdot )$-Laplacian in $\mathbb{R}^{N}$
Authors: Kim In Hyoun , Kim Yun-Ho , Park Kisoeb 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe are concerned with the following elliptic equations with variable exponents:
$$ M \bigl([u]_{s,p(\cdot,\cdot)} \bigr)\mathcal{L}u(x) +\mathcal {V}(x) \vert u \vert ^{p(x)-2}u =\lambda\rho(x) \vert u \vert ^{r(x)-2}u + h(x,u) \quad \text{in } \mathbb {R}^{N}, $$
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where $[u]_{s,p(\cdot,\cdot)}:=\int_{\mathbb {R}^{N}}\int_{\mathbb {R}^{N}} \frac{|u(x)-u(y)|^{p(x,y)}}{p(x,y)|x-y|^{N+sp(x,y)}} \,dx \,dy$

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, the operator $\mathcal{L}$
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is the fractional $p(\cdot)$
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are continuous functions, $M \in C(\mathbb {R}^{+})$
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is a Kirchhoff-type function, the potential function $\mathcal {V}:\mathbb {R}^{N} \to(0,\infty)$
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is continuous, and $h:\mathbb {R}^{N}\times\mathbb {R} \to\mathbb {R}$
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→
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satisfies a Carathéodory condition. Under suitable assumptions on h, the purpose of this paper is to show the existence of at least two non-trivial distinct solutions for the problem above for the case of a combined effect of concave–convex nonlinearities. To do this, we use the mountain pass theorem and variant of the Ekeland variational principle as the main tools.
Existence of ground state solutions for quasilinear Schrödinger equations with general Choquard type nonlinearity
Authors: He Yu-bo , Zhou Jue-liang , Lin Xiao-yan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we study the following Choquard type quasilinear Schrödinger equation:
$$ -\Delta u+u-\Delta \bigl(u^{2}\bigr)u=\bigl(I_{\alpha }*G(u) \bigr)g(u),\quad x\in {\mathbb{R}}^{N}, $$
−
Δ
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where $N\geq 3$
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≥
3
, $0<\alpha <N$
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<
α
<
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, and $I_{\alpha }$

I
α

is a Riesz potential. By using the minimization method developed by (Tang and Chen in Adv. Nonlinear Anal. 9:413–437, 2020; Willem in Minimax Theorems, 1996), we establish the existence of ground state solutions with general Choquard type nonlinearity. Our results extend the results obtained by (Chen et al. in Appl. Math. Lett. 102:106141, 2020).
Chinese- and English-speaking adult current smokers’ perspectives on smoking and culturally and linguistically appropriate cessation: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Poureslami Iraj , Shum Jessica , Aran Niloufar , Tregobov Noah 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
A lack of culturally and linguistically appropriate smoking cessation intervention programs exist among Chinese-Canadian communities. Smoking cessation programs that are provided in Canadian mainstream culture and language have shown limited effectiveness in altering smoking behaviours of smokers from these communities. Our study aimed to explore and compare smoking patterns, knowledge, beliefs, and risk perceptions of adult current smokers between Chinese- and English-speaking Canadians participating in a culturally and linguistically tailored smoking cessation program.

Methods and Design
A qualitative study embedded in an effectiveness study using an 8-month quasi-experimental design, was conducted to compare the effects of four one-on-one culturally and linguistically sensitive consultation sessions (intervention group) and three telephone follow-up assessments (control group). All participants were provided take-home educational materials (designed exclusively for this study), and completed study questionnaires at baseline and 6-month post-intervention. An 8-month post-intervention phone assessment was conducted with all participants to assess cessation progress and maintenance.

Participants
70 Chinese- and English-speaking adult (aged 19-80) current smokers (≥ 5 cigarettes per day) residing in the Greater Vancouver Area, Canada, were recruited between May 2018 and April 2019.

Data analysis
Thematic analysis was conducted on self-reported qualitative information from study questionnaires and verbatim transcripts of in-person consultations and telephone follow-ups. Cultural- and demographic-related themes were considered.

Results
Perceptions of smoking patterns, smoking status, triggers, and barriers to smoking cessation were identified. Important elements of smoking cessation program, including facilitator characteristics, duration, procedures, cultural factors, and topics were also identified. Differences in perceptions of smoking were observed between gender and language groups. Stress was a major trigger for smoking in both language groups. An individual’s social network was reported as the largest barrier to successful cessation for Chinese-speaking participants.

Conclusions
Our study provides knowledge and information to further examine the role of risk perception (realization of the possible harms of smoking) in smoking cessation to facilitate the development of future interventions that could more effectively promote smoking cessation among new immigrants and within ethnocultural communities. We found that our program was generally accepted by smokers in both language groups and the participants reported that they were able to apply the strategies learned in the intervention during their quit smoking plan.
Risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission by aerosols, the rational use of masks, and protection of healthcare workers from COVID-19
Authors: Sommerstein Rami , Fux Christoph Andreas , Vuichard-Gysin Danielle , Abbas Mohamed , Marschall Jonas , Balmelli Carlo , Troillet Nicolas , Harbarth Stephan , Schlegel Matthias , Widmer Andreas ,   Swissnoso, Balmelli Carlo , Eisenring Marie-Christine , Harbarth Stephan , Marschall Jonas , Pittet Didier , Sax Hugo , Schlegel Matthias , Schweiger Alexander , Senn Laurence , Troillet Nicolas , Widmer Andreas F. , Zanetti Giorgio 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To determine the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission by aerosols, to provide evidence on the rational use of masks, and to discuss additional measures important for the protection of healthcare workers from COVID-19.

Methods
Literature review and expert opinion.

Short conclusion
SARS-CoV-2, the pathogen causing COVID-19, is considered to be transmitted via droplets rather than aerosols, but droplets with strong directional airflow support may spread further than 2 m. High rates of COVID-19 infections in healthcare-workers (HCWs) have been reported from several countries. Respirators such as filtering face piece (FFP) 2 masks were designed to protect HCWs, while surgical masks were originally intended to protect patients (e.g., during surgery). Nevertheless, high quality standard surgical masks (type II/IIR according to European Norm EN 14683) appear to be as effective as FFP2 masks in preventing droplet-associated viral infections of HCWs as reported from influenza or SARS. So far, no head-to-head trials with these masks have been published for COVID-19. Neither mask type completely prevents transmission, which may be due to inappropriate handling and alternative transmission pathways. Therefore, compliance with a bundle of infection control measures including thorough hand hygiene is key. During high-risk procedures, both droplets and aerosols may be produced, reason why respirators are indicated for these interventions.
Boundaries on Turkish export-oriented industrialization
Authors: Güvercin Deniz 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study examines the Turkish experience of export-oriented industrialization by emphasizing its linkage to previous capital accumulation model and developments and by the evolution of political and economic institutions. The study emphasizes that the structural drawbacks in Turkish economy that emerged in the economic development process aggravated in post-1980 period and aims to uncover the political and economic mechanisms leading to its aggravation. The VAR methodology is used to model Turkish economy’s experience of export-oriented industrialization by using the data for the period 2007: Q1–2017: Q4. The impulse response analysis results show that export is responsive to investment and capacity utilization and responsive to interest rate and import in the negative direction. Import is responsive to export, investment and capacity utilization in a positive direction and decreases with interest rate. Investment increases with export, but decreases with imports. Additionally, the debt level increases with export and investment, but decreases with import and import increases the interest rate and export decreases the interest rate.
Changes in the gut microbiota mediate the differential regulatory effects of two glucose oxidases produced by Aspergillus niger and Penicillium amagasakiense on the meat quality and growth performance of broilers
Authors: Wu Shengru , Chen Xiaodong , Li Taohuan , Ren Hao , Zheng Lixin , Yang Xiaojun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Glucose oxidase (GOD), an aerobic dehydrogenase, has been used as an antibiotic substitute in feed. A study was conducted to evaluate the differential effects of 2 different GODs fermented by Aspergillus niger or Penicillium amagasakiense on caecal microbiota and to further illuminate the potential roles of changes in the gut microbiota in regulating the growth performance and meat quality of broiler chickens.

Results
A total of 420 one-day-old healthy Arbor Acres broilers were randomly assigned to 4 treatments: the control group, the antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) supplementation group, and the GOD-A and GOD-P (GODs produced by A. niger and P. amagasakiense, respectively) groups. As a result, supplementation with GOD produced by P. amagasakiense could significantly improve the average daily weight gain and average daily feed intake of broilers before 21 days of age by significantly increasing the enzymatic activities of jejunal amylase and those of ileal amylase, chymotrypsin, and lipase in 21-day-old broilers and could increase the enzymatic activities of duodenal amylase, jejunal amylase and lipase, and ileal chymotrypsin and lipase in 42-day-old broilers. Meanwhile, compared with AGP treatment, supplementation with GOD produced by P. amagasakiense significantly decreased the L value of 21-day-old broilers and the ΔpH and L* value of 42-day-old broilers, while supplementation with GOD produced by A. niger significantly increased the pH24 h value of 21-day-old and 42-day-old broilers by reducing plasma malondialdehyde content. By using 16S rRNA sequencing, we found that the beneficial bacteria and microbiota in broilers were not disturbed but were improved by GOD supplementation compared with ADP treatment, including the genera Eubacterium and Christensenella and the species uncultured_Eubacterium_sp, Clostridium_asparagiforme, and uncultured_Christensenella_sp, which were positively related to the improved intestinal digestive enzymatic activities, growth performance, and meat quality of broilers.

Conclusion
The altered gut microbiota induced by supplementation with glucose oxidase produced by P. amagasakiense mediate better regulatory effects on the meat quality and growth performance of broilers than that induced by supplementation with glucose oxidase produced by A. niger.
Potential pharmacogenomic targets in bipolar disorder: considerations for current testing and the development of decision support tools to individualize treatment selection
Authors: Cuéllar-Barboza Alfredo B. , McElroy Susan L. , Veldic Marin , Singh Balwinder , Kung Simon , Romo-Nava Francisco , Nunez Nicolas A. , Cabello-Arreola Alejandra , Coombes Brandon J. , Prieto Miguel , Betcher Hannah K. , Moore Katherine M. , Winham Stacey J. , Biernacka Joanna M. , Frye Mark A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Treatment in bipolar disorder (BD) is commonly applied as a multimodal therapy based on decision algorithms that lack an integrative understanding of molecular mechanisms or a biomarker associated clinical outcome measure. Pharmacogenetics/genomics study the individual genetic variation associated with drug response. This selective review of pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenomic testing (PGT) in BD will focus on candidate genes and genome wide association studies of pharmacokinetic drug metabolism and pharmacodynamic drug response/adverse event, and the potential role of decision support tools that incorporate multiple genotype/phenotype drug recommendations.

Main body
We searched PubMed from January 2013 to May 2019, to identify studies reporting on BD and pharmacogenetics, pharmacogenomics and PGT. Studies were selected considering their contribution to the field. We summarize our findings in: targeted candidate genes of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic pathways, genome-wide association studies and, PGT platforms, related to BD treatment. This field has grown from studies of metabolizing enzymes (i.e., pharmacokinetics) and drug transporters (i.e., pharmacodynamics), to untargeted investigations across the entire genome with the potential to merge genomic data with additional biological information.

Conclusions
The complexity of BD genetics and, the heterogeneity in BD drug-related phenotypes, are important considerations for the design and interpretation of BD PGT. The clinical applicability of PGT in psychiatry is in its infancy and is far from reaching the robust impact it has in other medical disciplines. Nonetheless, promising findings are discovered with increasing frequency with remarkable relevance in neuroscience, pharmacology and biology.
Transcatheter drug delivery through bronchial artery for COVID-19: is it fiction or could it come true?
Authors: Zaitoun Mohamed M. A. , Basha Mohammad Abd Alkhalik , Elmokadem Ali Hassan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMore than 1,200 active or recruiting clinical trials for novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatments and vaccines are registered. Many drugs have shown promise for treatment of COVID-19. Nevertheless, up to date, no drugs have been confirmed as a definitive treatment for COVID-19. Trials such as the SOLIDARITY and RECOVERY are ongoing, and first results were announced in favour of therapy with dexamethasone with a significant trend showing greatest benefit among those patients requiring ventilation. The drawbacks of these trials include exposing the patients to drugs with well-documented systemic adverse effects or unknown complications of novel therapies without proof of clinical benefit. We present here the hypothesis that bronchial artery infusion could be an alternative for systemic drug infusion in COVID-19 trials with superadded benefits of high drug concentration and low systemic adverse effects. The concept of this idea has many uncertainties and no current clinical data to support. Perhaps, the technique should be first applied in animal models to determine its safety and calculate the effective dose of the drugs. Guidelines and reviews of pharmacotherapy for COVID-19 should be implemented for this fiction to come true.
Basal ganglia hemorrhage secondary to scorpion sting: a fatal presentation
Authors: Majumdar Avirup , Atam Virendra , Ansari Shahnawaz Ali , Kumar Satish , Bhardwaj Akriti 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Cerebrovascular manifestations are uncommon presentations of scorpion sting in the Indian subcontinent. Encephalopathy, cerebral edema, subarachnoid hemorrhage, non-hemorrhagic strokes, and cortical necrosis are a few CNS complications described in the medical literature due to scorpion envenomation.

Case description
We report a rare case of scorpion envenomation in a 40-year old, non-hypertensive farmer, who presented in an unconscious state. Non-contrast CT head revealed intracerebral hemorrhages in left temporoparietal lobe extending into left basal ganglia with intraventricular extension.

Discussion and evaluation
Toxin-induced autonomic storm is mostly responsible for the acute hypertensive crisis in affected individuals leading to stroke (commonly cerebral infarct) as a CNS complication.

Conclusion
Basal ganglia bleed following scorpion sting is an extremely rare scenario which is usually fatal as was in our case. Early suspicion and prompt institution of treatment (prazosin) is crucial in the management of intracranial bleed secondary to scorpion sting.
Post-stroke depression: frequency, risk factors, and impact on quality of life among 103 stroke patients—hospital-based study
Authors: Khedr Eman M. , Abdelrahman Ahmed A. , Desoky Tarek , Zaki Ahmed Fathi , Gamea Ayman 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPost-stroke depression (PSD) has worse functional outcomes and quality of life. Despite the extensive literature on this topic, there is no agreement on the frequency or risk factors for post-stroke depression.ObjectivesTo establish the frequency and risk factors of post-stroke depression and its impact on quality of life.Patients and methodsOne hundred three stroke patients were recruited from the out-patient clinic of Qena University Hospital who satisfied the WHO definition for stroke, together with a control group of 50 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. A complete history, neurological examination, and CT brain were obtained for each patient. DSM-IV TR criteria were used for diagnosis of depressive disorders which was scored with the Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D); Barthel Index (BI), and quality of life were also measured.ResultsThirty-eight (36.9%) stroke patients had PSD which was significantly higher than in the normal population (control group 12%). Statistically significant risk factors for PSD included low educational level, low socioeconomic status, smoking, and post-stroke functional impairment. Post-stroke depression has an impact on quality of life.ConclusionPost-stroke depression is a relatively common complication of stroke and can affect the quality of life. Low educational level and socioeconomic status, as well as smoking and functional impairments, were considered as risk factors for the occurrence of post-stroke depression. Early detection of predictors of post-stroke depression may improve the outcome of stroke and prevent the psychiatric consequences.