bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vernacular Landscapes Building and Protection of Meme in the Dong Ethnic Minority Regions
Authors: Zhu Wen Shuang , Liu Xun 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveDeep obedience to ancestral traditions is a fundamental canon of ethnic self‐identification. Information transmitted by archetypes (language, rituals, art, social structure, and more) guaranteed the stability of collective memory. Ethnic identity for Dong people is an indisputable value that is above other moral and social values. In this study, the author analyzes the main ethnic markers of the Dong people's culture, raising questions about preserving the authenticity of ethnic cultural heritage.MethodsThe article presents an analysis of tangible and intangible artifacts, and their relationship with modern living conditions.ResultsThe article studies the transformation of the cultural heritage of southwestern ethnic groups in modern conditions and possible ways to preserve historical forms (memes) as a prerogative ethnocultural heritage of the Dong people.ConclusionThe problems associated with the development of the tourist infrastructure of the region are analyzed. The article presents how ethnic tourism commercializes traditions, weakening the true sacredness.
Environmental pollutants in blood donors: The multicentre Norwegian donor study
Authors: Averina Maria , Hervig Tor , Huber Sandra , Kjær Mette , Kristoffersen Einar K. , Bolann Bjørn 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to measure blood concentrations of environmental pollutants in Norwegian donors and evaluate the risk of pollutant exposure through blood transfusions.BackgroundTransfused blood may be a potential source of exposure to heavy metals and organic pollutants and presents a risk to vulnerable patient groups such as premature infants.Methods/MaterialsDonors were randomly recruited from three Norwegian blood banks: in Bergen, Tromsø and Kirkenes. Selected heavy metals were measured in whole blood using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS), and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were measured in serum by ultrahigh‐pressure liquid chromatography coupled with a triple‐quadrupole mass spectrometer (UHPLC‐MS/MS).ResultsAlmost 18% of blood donors had lead concentrations over the limit suggested for transfusions in premature infants (0.09 μmol/L). About 11% of all donors had mercury concentrations over the suggested limit of 23.7 nmol/L. Cadmium was higher than the limit, 16 nmol/L, in 4% of donors. Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) concentrations were over the suggested limit of 0.91 ng/mL in 68% and 100% of the donors, respectively. PFAS concentrations and heavy metal concentrations increased with donor's age.ConclusionA considerable percentage of donors had lead, PFOS and PFOA concentrations over the suggested limits. In addition, at each study site, there were donors with high mercury and cadmium concentrations. Selecting young donors for transfusions or measurements of pollutants in donor blood may be a feasible approach to avoid exposure through blood transfusions to vulnerable groups of patients such as premature infants.
OsFKBP20‐1b interacts with the splicing factor OsSR45 and participates in the environmental stress response at the post‐transcriptional level in rice
Authors: Park Hyun J. , You Young N. , Lee Areum , Jung Haemyeong , Jo Seung H. , Oh Nuri , Kim Hyun‐Soon , Lee Hyo‐Jun , Kim Ju‐Kon , Kim Youn S. , Jung Choonkyun , Cho Hye S. 
Published: January 2020

SummarySessile plants have evolved distinct mechanisms to respond and adapt to adverse environmental conditions through diverse mechanisms including RNA processing. While the role of RNA processing in the stress response is well understood for Arabidopsis thaliana, limited information is available for rice (Oryza sativa). Here, we show that OsFKBP20‐1b, belonging to the immunophilin family, interacts with the splicing factor OsSR45 in both nuclear speckles and cytoplasmic foci, and plays an essential role in post‐transcriptional regulation of abiotic stress response. The expression of OsFKBP20‐1b was highly upregulated under various abiotic stresses. Moreover genetic analysis revealed that OsFKBP20‐1b positively affected transcription and pre‐mRNA splicing of stress‐responsive genes under abiotic stress conditions. In osfkbp20‐1b loss‐of‐function mutants, the expression of stress‐responsive genes was downregulated, while that of their splicing variants was increased. Conversely, in plants overexpressing OsFKBP20‐1b, the expression of the same stress‐responsive genes was strikingly upregulated under abiotic stress. In vivo experiments demonstrated that OsFKBP20‐1b directly maintains protein stability of OsSR45 splicing factor. Furthermore, we found that the plant‐specific OsFKBP20‐1b gene has uniquely evolved as a paralogue only in some Poaceae species. Together, our findings suggest that OsFKBP20‐1b‐mediated RNA processing contributes to stress adaptation in rice.
Plastid‐targeted forms of restriction endonucleases enhance the plastid genome rearrangement rate and trigger the reorganization of its genomic architecture
Authors: Sugimoto Hiroki , Hirano Minoru , Tanaka Hidenori , Tanaka Tomoko , Kitagawa‐Yogo Ritsuko , Muramoto Nobuhiko , Mitsukawa Norihiro 
Published: January 2020

SummaryPlant cells have acquired chloroplasts (plastids) with a unique genome (ptDNA), which developed during the evolution of endosymbiosis. The gene content and genome structure of ptDNAs in land plants are considerably stable, although those of algal ptDNAs are highly varied. Plant cells seem, therefore, to be intolerant of any structural or organizational changes in the ptDNA. Genome rearrangement functions as a driver of genomic evolutionary divergence. Here, we aimed to create various types of rearrangements in the ptDNA of Arabidopsis genomes using plastid‐targeted forms of restriction endonucleases (pREs). Arabidopsis plants expressing each of the three specific pREs, i.e., pTaqI, pHinP1I, and pMseI, were generated; they showed the leaf variegation phenotypes associated with impaired chloroplast development. We confirmed that these pREs caused double‐stranded breaks (DSB) at their recognition sites in ptDNAs. Genome‐wide analysis of ptDNAs revealed that the transgenic lines exhibited a large number of rearrangements such as inversions and deletions/duplications, which were dominantly repaired by microhomology‐mediated recombination and microhomology‐mediated end‐joining, and less by non‐homologous end‐joining. Notably, pHinP1I, which recognized a small number of sites in ptDNA, induced drastic structural changes, including regional copy number variations throughout ptDNAs. In contrast, the transient expression of either pTaqI or pMseI, whose recognition site numbers were relatively larger, resulted in small‐scale changes at the whole genome level. These results indicated that DSB frequencies and their distribution are major determinants in shaping ptDNAs.
Plant species‐specific recognition of long and short β‐1,3‐linked glucans is mediated by different receptor systems
Authors: Wanke Alan , Rovenich Hanna , Schwanke Florian , Velte Stefanie , Becker Stefan , Hehemann Jan‐Hendrik , Wawra Stephan , Zuccaro Alga 
Published: January 2020

SummaryPlants survey their environment for the presence of potentially harmful or beneficial microbes. During colonization, cell surface receptors perceive microbe‐derived or modified‐self ligands and initiate appropriate responses. The recognition of fungal chitin oligomers and the subsequent activation of plant immunity are well described. In contrast, the mechanisms underlying β‐glucan recognition and signaling activation remain largely unexplored. Here, we systematically tested immune responses towards different β‐glucan structures and show that responses vary between plant species. While leaves of the monocots Hordeum vulgare and Brachypodium distachyon can recognize longer (laminarin) and shorter (laminarihexaose) β‐1,3‐glucans with responses of varying intensity, duration and timing, leaves of the dicot Nicotiana benthamiana activate immunity in response to long β‐1,3‐glucans, whereas Arabidopsis thaliana and Capsella rubella perceive short β‐1,3‐glucans. Hydrolysis of the β‐1,6 side‐branches of laminarin demonstrated that not the glycosidic decoration but rather the degree of polymerization plays a pivotal role in the recognition of long‐chain β‐glucans. Moreover, in contrast to the recognition of short β‐1,3‐glucans in A. thaliana, perception of long β‐1,3‐glucans in N. benthamiana and rice is independent of CERK1, indicating that β‐glucan recognition may be mediated by multiple β‐glucan receptor systems.
Stabilized Water-Cut in Carbonate Naturally Fractured Reservoirs With Bottom Water With an Implication in Well Spacing Design for Recovery Optimization
Authors: Prasun Samir , Wojtanowicz Andrew K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMaximum stabilized water-cut (WC), also known as ultimate water-cut in a reservoir with bottom-water coning, provides important information to decide if reservoir development is economical. To date, theory and determination of stabilized water-cut consider only single-permeability systems so there is a need to extend this concept to naturally fractured reservoirs (NFRs) in carbonate rocks—known for severe bottom-water invasion. This work provides insight of the water coning mechanism in NFR and proposes an analytical method for computing stabilized water-cut and relating to well-spacing design. Simulated experiments on a variety of bottom-water hydrophobic NFRs have been designed, conducted, and analyzed using the dual-porosity/dual-permeability (DPDP) commercial software. They show a pattern of water-cut development in NFR comprising the early water breakthrough and very rapid increase followed by water-cut stabilization stage, and the final stage with progressive water-cut. The initial steply increase of water-cut corresponds to water invading the fractures. The stabilized WC production stage occurs when oil is displaced at a constant rate from matrix to the water-producing fractures. During this stage, water invades matrix at small values of capillary forces so they do not oppose water invasion. In contrast, during the final stage (with progressing water cut), the capillary forces grow significantly so they effectively oppose water invasion resulting in progressive water cut. A simple analytical model explains the constant rate of oil displacement by considering the driving effect of gravity and viscous forces at a very small value of capillary pressure. The constant oil displacement effect is confirmed with a designed series of simulation experiments for a variety of bottom-water NFRs. Statistical analysis of the results correlates the duration of the stabilized WC stage with production rate and well-spacing and provides the basis for optimizing the recovery. Results show that stabilized water-cut stage does not significantly contribute to recovery, so the stage needs to be avoided. Proposed is a new method for finding the optimum well spacing that eliminates the stabilized WC stage while maximizing recovery. The method is demonstrated for the base-case NFR.
Internet-of-Things-Enabled Dual-Channel Iontophoretic Drug Delivery System for Elderly Patient Medication Management
Authors: Reddy Mynampati Akshitha , Pradhan Bikash Kumar , Qureshi Dilshad , Pal Sumit Kumar , Pal Kunal 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWireless controllers have found its application in the supervision of the patients in the hospitals. It is not only a valid issue for the developing countries but also for the developed countries. For this reason, scientists are working on the advancement of medical devices that are capable of decreasing the workload of health caregivers. In this study, the development of an iontophoretic drug delivery device that could be controlled using a mobile is described. For the purpose, hardware and a software module were developed. The hardware module consisted of a two-channel voltage-controlled constant current sources that were used for driving the iontophoretic device. A mobile app was developed to control the two-channel iontophoretic device and to monitor the loose lead of the active and the passive patches. In the case of detection of the loose lead, the specific iontophoretic channel was stopped. Further, the audio-visual indicator was developed for the detection of the detachment of the patches (loose lead). The device was tested in vitro by performing the drug release study using drug-loaded emulsion gels that were formulated.
Design of Regular One-Dimensional, Two-Dimensional, and Three-Dimensional Linkage-Based Tessellations
Authors: Yellowhorse Alden D. , Brown Nathan , Howell Larry L. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Linkage origami is one effective approach for addressing stiffness and accommodating panels of finite size in origami models and tessellations. However, successfully implementing linkage origami in tessellations can be challenging. In this work, multiple theorems are presented that provide criteria for designing origami units or cells that can be assembled into arbitrarily large tessellations. The application of these theorems is demonstrated through examples of tessellations in two and three dimensions.
A Cable-Driven Parallel Robot With An Embedded Tilt-Roll Wrist
Authors: Lessanibahri Saman , Cardou Philippe , Caro Stéphane 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper addresses the optimum design, configuration, and workspace analysis of a cable-driven parallel robot (CDPR) with an embedded tilt-roll wrist. The manipulator consists in a tilt-roll wrist mounted on the moving platform of a suspended CDPR. The embedded wrist provides large amplitudes of tilt and roll rotations and a large translational workspace obtained by the CDPR. This manipulator is suitable for tasks requiring large rotation and translation workspaces such as tomography scanning, camera-orienting devices, and visual surveillance. The moving-platform is an eight-degree-of-freedom articulated mechanism with large translational and rotational workspaces, and it is suspended from a fixed frame by six cables. The manipulator employs two bi-actuated cables, i.e., cable-loops to transmit the power from motors fixed on the ground to the tilt-roll wrist. Therefore, the manipulator achieves better dynamic performances due to a lower inertia of its moving-platform.
Synthesizing Mechanical Chains for Morphing Between Spatial Curves
Authors: Li Yucheng , Murray Andrew P. , Myszka David H. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper extends the kinematic synthesis methodology for designing a chain of bodies to match a set of arbitrary curves to the spatial case. The methodology initiates with an arbitrary set of spatial curves, and concludes with a set of bodies defined by their spatial features. The bodies synthesized can be one of three types: a rigid segment, a helical segment with constant curvature and torsion but varying length, and a growth segment that maintains its geometry but may be scaled to become larger or smaller. To realize mechanical chains for mechanisms that achieve spatial shape change, only rigid and helical segments are used. After designing the segments, they may be aligned with the original spatial curves with their ends connected via an optimization. For two curves, these connections may be made with revolute joints to obtain high accuracy. For three or more curves, spherical joint connections allow for best accuracy. To compare curves as is useful in morphometry, all three segment types may be employed. In this case, an accurate description of the changes between curves is important, and optimizing to connect the segments is not needed. The procedure for redefining the curves in a way that the techniques in this paper may be applied, as well as the methodologies for synthesizing the three segment types are presented. Examples include a continuum robot problem and the morphometric analyses of cochlear curves and the lambdoidal suture located on a human skull. This work extends the established planar techniques for synthesizing mechanisms and addressing morphometric issues that are motivated with curves in two-dimensions.
Evaluation and Modeling of the Friction in Robotic Joints Considering Thermal Effects
Authors: Pagani Roberto , Legnani Giovanni , Incerti Giovanni , Gheza Matteo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The paper presents a second-order friction model for the joints of industrial robot manipulators that takes into account temperature effects. A solution based on a polynomial description of the friction is proposed. The theoretical analysis and the experimental measurements have shown that friction decreases with increasing temperature, which in turn depends on the working cycle of the manipulator. The mathematical model here proposed allows to foresee the friction variation during extensive working cycles and it does not require the use of a transducer for the measurement of the joint internal temperature; therefore it is well suitable for low-cost industrial applications, to improve the control performance or to predict the energy consumption. Experimental tests performed on a commercial six degrees-of-freedom (6 DOF) manipulator show that the model is effective in estimating the joint temperature and the friction torque during the robot operations.
Rigidly Foldable Thick Origami Using Designed-Offset Linkages
Authors: Lang Robert J. , Brown Nathan , Ignaut Brian , Magleby Spencer , Howell Larry 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We present new families of thick origami mechanisms that achieve rigid foldability and parallel stacking of panels in the flat-folded state using linkages for some or all of the hinges between panels. A degree-four vertex results in a multiloop eight-bar spatial mechanism that can be analyzed as separate linkages. The individual linkages are designed so that they introduce offsets perpendicular to the panels that are mutually compatible around each vertex. This family of mechanisms offers the unique combination of planar unfolded state, parallel-stacked panels in the flat-folded state and kinematic single-degree-of-freedom motion from the flat-unfolded to the flat-folded state. The paper develops the mathematics defining the necessary offsets, beginning with a symmetric bird’s-foot vertex, and then shows that the joints can be developed for asymmetric flat-foldable systems. Although in the general case there is no guarantee of achieving perfect kinematic motion, we show that for many cases of interest, the deviation is a tiny fraction of the plate thickness. Mechanical realizations of several examples are presented.
An Analytical and Modular Software Workbench for Solving Kinematics and Dynamics of Series-Parallel Hybrid Robots
Authors: Kumar Shivesh , Szadkowski Kai Alexander von , Mueller Andreas , Kirchner Frank 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Parallel mechanisms are increasingly being used as modular subsystem units in various robots and man-machine interfaces for their superior stiffness, payload-to-weight ratio, and dynamic properties. This leads to series-parallel hybrid robotic systems that are challenging to model and control due to the presence of various closed loops. Most model-based kinematic and dynamic modeling tools resolve loop closure constraints numerically and hence suffer from inefficiency and accuracy issues. Additionally, they do not exploit the modularity in robot design. In this paper, we present a modular and analytical approach toward kinematic and dynamic modeling of series-parallel hybrid robots. This approach has been implemented in a software framework called hybrid robot dynamics (hyrodyn) and its application is demonstrated with the help of a series-parallel hybrid humanoid robot recently developed at DFKI-RIC.
Kinematics and Constraints of the Exechon Robot Accounting Offsets Due to Errors in the Base Joint Axes
Authors: López-Custodio P. C. , Dai J. S. , Fu R. , Jin Y. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An Exechon robot with offsets between the axes of the joints that connect the legs to the fixed platform is analyzed for the first time. Ideally these axes intersect constituting two universal and one spherical joints. The introduction of imperfections in these universal and spherical joints leads to more complex forward and inverse kinematics, which are solved in this paper. It is proved that the equations used for the kinematics of the ideal Exechon robot are no longer applicable when these offsets are added. The constraint system is also obtained, and it is found to be different to the one of the ideal case. Finally, the combination of offsets that lead to the largest deviation in the position of the parallel platform is determined.
A Time Variational Method for the Approximate Solution of Nonlinear Systems Undergoing Multiple-Frequency Excitations
Authors: Prabith K. , Praveen Krishna I. R. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to use the time variational method (TVM) for the nonlinear response analysis of mechanical systems subjected to multiple-frequency excitations. The system response, which is composed of fractional multiples of frequencies, is expressed in terms of a fundamental frequency that is the greatest common divisor of the approximated frequency components. Unlike the multiharmonic balance method (MHBM), the formulation of the proposed method is very simple in analyzing the systems with more than two excitation frequencies. In addition, the proposed method avoids the alternate transformation between frequency and time domains during the calculation of the nonlinear force and the Jacobian matrix. In this work, the performance of the proposed method is compared with that of numerical integration and the MHBM using three nonlinear mechanical models undergoing multiple-frequency excitations. It is observed that the proposed method produces approximate results during the quasi-periodic response analysis since the formulation includes an approximation of the incommensurate frequencies to commensurate ones. However, the approximation error is very small and the method reduces a significant amount of computational efforts compared to the other methods. In addition, the TVM is a recommended option when the number of state variables involved in the nonlinear function is high as it calculates the nonlinear force vector and the Jacobian matrix directly from the displacement vector. Moreover, the proposed method is far much faster than numerical integration in capturing the steady-state, quasi-periodic responses of the nonlinear mechanical systems.
Light Control of the Diffusion Coefficient of Active Fluids
Authors: Vourc'h Thomas , Léopoldès Julien , Peerhossaini Hassan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Active fluids refer to the fluids that contain self-propelled particles such as bacteria or microalgae, whose properties differ fundamentally from the passive fluids. Such particles often exhibit an intermittent motion, with high-motility “run” periods broken by low-motility “tumble” periods. The average motion can be modified with external stresses, such as nutrient or light gradients, leading to a directed movement called chemotaxis and phototaxis, respectively. Using cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, a model microorganism to study photosynthesis, we track the bacterial response to light stimuli, under isotropic and nonisotropic (directional) conditions. In particular, we investigate how the intermittent motility is influenced by illumination. We find that just after a rise in light intensity, the probability to be in the run state increases. This feature vanishes after a typical characteristic time of about 1 h, when initial probability is recovered. Our results are well described by a mathematical model based on the linear response theory. When the perturbation is anisotropic, we observe a collective motion toward the light source (phototaxis). We show that the bias emerges due to more frequent runs in the direction of the light, whereas the run durations are longer whatever the direction.