bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ShinyButchR: Interactive NMF-based decomposition workflow of genome-scale datasets
Authors: Quintero Andres , Hübschmann Daniel , Kurzawa Nils , Steinhauser Sebastian , Rentzsch Philipp , Krämer Stephen , Andresen Carolin , Park Jeongbin , Eils Roland , Schlesner Matthias , Herrmann Carl 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) has been widely used for the analysis of genomic data to perform feature extraction and signature identification due to the interpretability of the decomposed signatures. However, running a basic NMF analysis requires the installation of multiple tools and dependencies, along with a steep learning curve and computing time. To mitigate such obstacles, we developed ShinyButchR, a novel R/Shiny application that provides a complete NMF-based analysis workflow, allowing the user to perform matrix decomposition using NMF, feature extraction, interactive visualization, relevant signature identification, and association to biological and clinical variables. ShinyButchR builds upon the also novel R package ButchR, which provides new TensorFlow solvers for algorithms of the NMF family, functions for downstream analysis, a rational method to determine the optimal factorization rank and a novel feature selection strategy.
The micro- and megafossil record of Nothofagaceae from South America
Authors: Pujana Roberto R , Fernández Damián A , Panti Carolina , Caviglia Nicolás 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe compiled the numerous fossil records (486) assigned to Nothofagaceae including pollen grains (from surface sediments and continental and oceanic borehole cores), leaves, woods and reproductive structures from South America. All the records are revised and the latest systematic treatments and ages of the bearing strata of each record are followed. When possible, we proposed a subgeneric affinity to each record based on updated bibliography. Fossils of three (Nothofagus, Fuscospora and Lophozonia) of the four subgenera are found in similar proportions through time since the Late Cretaceous. Fossils with reliable affinity with subgenus Brassospora were not found in South America. Most of the records are concentrated in the southern tip of South America (Patagonia Region) and nearby areas. After a significant presence of Nothofagaceae in the Cretaceous, the family declined in diversity and abundance in the Palaeocene and then increased from the Eocene to the Miocene. In the Miocene, the records reach their maximum diversity and abundance, and Nothofagaceae usually dominate the assemblages of pollen, leaves and woods from Patagonia. Pliocene Nothofagaceae records are virtually absent, probably because sedimentary rocks of that age are rare in Patagonia. The fossil record for Nothofagaceae varies according to environmental turnover; when tropical/subtropical floras were present in Patagonia in the Palaeocene–early Eocene, Nothofagaceae contracted southwards and when open steppes developed in the Miocene of east Patagonia, Nothofagaceae contracted westward.
Prioritizing Health Care and Employment Resources During COVID-19: Roles of Benevolent and Hostile Ageism
Authors: Apriceno MaryBeth , Lytle Ashley , Monahan Caitlin , Macdonald Jamie , Levy Sheri R 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesBenevolent and hostile ageism are subtypes of ageism that characterize older adults as incompetent. With benevolent ageism, older adults are also viewed as warm. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has strained resources and prompted debates about priority for older adults versus other groups.Research Design and MethodsCollege students completed an online survey of how much priority should be given to older adults in 3 relevant health care-related scenarios and 3 relevant employment scenarios.ResultsBenevolent ageism significantly predicted higher priority for older adults to receive health care (triage, COVID-19 vaccine, and COVID-19 testing) and employment resources (retention of job and working from home) while greater endorsement of hostile ageism significantly predicted lower priority ratings.Discussion and ImplicationsThese findings replicate and extend past work. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to wreak havoc on health care and employment resources, this study sheds light on one factor—benevolent and hostile ageism—that contributes to a greater understanding of prioritization views toward a vulnerable segment of the population.
The Hull Grundy collection in the Museum of Medicine and Health, University of Manchester
Authors: Mohr Peter , Seville Stephanie 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Anne Hull Grundy and her husband, John, were prolific antique collectors, remembered for their generous donations of fine and decorative arts to several major museums. Less well known is their collection of over 200 items broadly related to medical topics and donated to the University of Manchester Museum of Medicine and Health (mmh) between 1978 and 1983. The donation includes items of equipment in silver, a collection of commemorative medals and a set of framed prints, all linked to medicine and medical history. This paper describes the Hull Grundy collection and its place in the history of the museum. Short biographical sketches of Anne and John Hull Grundy and a brief history of the mmh, are followed by an account of the artefacts in the collection. The role of donors and donations in defining the nature of a ‘medical history museum’, and its potential use for social history and the medical humanities are also discussed.
The Denial of the Right of Return as a Rome Statute Crime
Authors: Kearney Micheal G 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In 2018, Pre-Trial Chamber I of the International Criminal Court (ICC) held that conduct preventing the return of members of the Rohingya people to Myanmar could fall within Article 7(1)(k) of the Statute, on the grounds that denial of the right of return constitutes a crime against humanity. No international tribunal has prosecuted this conduct as a discrete violation, but given the significance of the right of return to Palestinians, it can be expected that such an offence would be of central importance should the ICC investigate the situation in Palestine. This comment will review the recognition of this crime against humanity during the process prompted by the Prosecutor’s 2018 Request for a ruling as to the Court’s jurisdiction over trans-boundary crimes in Bangladesh/Myanmar. It will consider the basis for the right of return in general international law, with a specific focus on the Palestinian right of return. The final section will review the elements of the denial of right of return as a crime against humanity, as proposed by the Office of the Prosecutor in its 2019 Request for Authorization of an investigation in Bangladesh/Myanmar.
A Story Half Told—Selective Benefit Assessment in the New US CVD Rule for Exchange Rates
Authors: Lee Jaemin 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
The new countervailing duty proceeding rule of the United States on exchange rates aims to address currency undervaluation through a subsidy tool under the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures. As there is no prohibition in the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (ASCM) making macro-economic policies off-limits from the reach of subsidy norms, exchange rates can be subject to countervailing duty proceedings. However, there are specific requirements to be met under the ASCM and World Trade Organization jurisprudence. Most notably, the new countervailing duty proceeding rule arguably fails to meet the ‘benefit’ analysis requirements. It takes into account the effect that negatively weighs on foreign exporters subject to a countervailing duty proceeding while ignoring the one that positively weighs. This skewed benefit analysis of selective nature is difficult to sustain under the ASCM and its jurisprudence. A more detailed and thorough benefit analysis is needed to make this new scheme work in a World Trade Organization (WTO)–consistent manner. The new countervailing duty rule showcases structural problems addressing macro-economic policies through a subsidy framework.
Immunogenicity and Safety of Inactivated Enterovirus 71 Vaccine in Children Aged 36–71 Months: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled, Non-inferiority Phase III Trial
Authors: Zhang Lifen , Gao Fan , Zeng Gang , Yang Haitao , Zhu Taotao , Yang Shuangmin , Meng Xing , Mao Qunying , Liu Xiaoqiang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The Sinovac enterovirus 71 (EV71) vaccine has been given to children aged 6–35 months with good safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy. Further exploration is needed for the application of Sinovac EV71 vaccine in older children.

Methods
A phase III, double-blind, single-center, randomized, controlled, non-inferiority, and bridging-designed trial enrolled 300 participants aged 6–35 months and 600 participants aged 36–71 months. Non-inferiority and superiority analyses were made to determine the immunogenicity of Sinovac EV71 vaccine in older children (Older-S group), comparing with that of control EV71 vaccine in the same age group (Older-C group), or comparing with that of Sinovac EV71 vaccine in younger children (Younger-S group).

Results
The seroconversion rate of anti-EV71 in Older-S group (95.5%) was superior to that of Older-C group (86.0%), and non-inferior to that of Younger-S group (98.5%). For baseline seronegative participants, the geometric mean titer of Older-S group (370.0) was non-inferior to that of Older-C group (296.2) and superior to that of Younger-S group (176.5). Incidence of adverse reactions in Older-S group (47.0%) was similar to that of Older-C group (44.8%), or Younger-S group (49.8%).

Conclusions
This study showed good safety and immunogenicity of Sinovac EV71 vaccine in children aged 36–71 months.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT03909074

URL
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03909074?term=NCT03909074&draw=2&rank=1
Fighting for Family Reunification: the Congolese Experience in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Martuscelli Patrícia Nabuco 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Refugees in Brazil have no political rights. However, problems with family reunification visas in the Brazilian Embassy in Kinshasa was a cause that united Congolese refugees in Brazil. This article analyzes the political articulation of this group in São Paulo. I conducted semi-structured interviews with refugees who act as spokespersons for this movement, and I analysed their strategies of organization, presentation of claims, and political pressure to solve this issue through analysis of documents produced by them and delivered to Brazilian authorities. Even though they had no success, they developed an organizational structure composed by a WhatsApp group for fast communication and periodic meetings in person in the centre of São Paulo. This structure can be used to demand other rights and to continue to pressure the Brazilian government.
We Are Here for the Future of Our Kids: Parental Involvement in Refugee Adolescents’ Educational Endeavours in the United States
Authors: Gandarilla Ocampo Maria , Bennouna Cyril , Seff Ilana , Wessells Michael , Robinson Mackenzie V , Allaf Carine , Stark Lindsay 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Every year, thousands of young refugees and their families face challenges as they adjust to schools in the US. This article explores how families resettled to the US from conflict-affected, Arab-majority countries in the Middle East and North Africa region, such as Iraq and Syria, view education, and how parents support their children’s education following the experiences of resettlement. To centre the voices and lived experiences of these families, we analysed focus group discussions with 30 adolescents and in-depth interviews with 30 parents and 27 key informants. Analysis using constant comparative method and thematic analysis showed that, upon resettlement, education remained highly valued by families. Our study finds that, despite the challenges associated with families’ newcomer status, parents in this study provided educational support to their children by engaging with the school and with their children’s learning at home. We offer suggestions on how schools and organizations can bolster parents’ ability to support their children’s education.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast with distant metastasis to the liver and spleen: a case report
Authors: Gillie Breanne , Kmeid Michael , Asarian Armand , Xiao Philip 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the breast is a rare malignancy, accounting for 0.1–1% of breast cancers. Histologically breast ACC is similar to ACC’s found in salivary tissue and is a triple-negative breast cancer with an uncharacteristically favorable prognosis and low incidence of metastasis. Most cases present as a painful, palpable mass; however, asymptomatic cases found on screening mammograms have also been noted. Core needle biopsy or excisional biopsy is necessary for definitive diagnosis of breast ACC. Immunohistochemistry of these cancers can differentiate breast ACC from masses with similar histology, such as invasive cribriform carcinoma and collagenous spherulosis. There is no well-established treatment guideline for ACC; however, it has been noted that reoccurrence and metastasis are noted more in cases of local resection than mastectomy.
Becoming Foreign in the Victorian Novel: International Migration in Little Dorrit and Villette
Authors: Wagner Tamara S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article analyses the representation of migrant workers in Victorian fiction. While exploring the seldom-discussed experience of such migrants, I argue that in the fiction of the time, migration for work outside of the empire expresses the experience of individual isolation as the result of increasing urban anonymity as well as of global exchanges. The figure of the migrant thereby literalizes modern isolation in an emergent society of strangers. In depicting migratory characters as embodiments of loneliness, while establishing it as a shared experience through parallel plots, nineteenth-century novels map out possible connections in a globalizing world. In parsing the interplay of isolation and imaginary sympathy in two texts of the 1850s, Charles Dickens’s Little Dorrit and Charlotte Brontë’s Villette, I argue that the experience of feeling foreign while working abroad enables characters to seek connections that transcend boundaries of class and national identity, even as the sympathy they imagine might be flawed, warped by projection and identification. In Little Dorrit, Cavalletto’s accident in the streets of London enacts a pivotal moment of imagined sympathy for the recently returned Arthur Clennam that ultimately helps to solve the renegotiation of home and host country in the novel, while in Villette, a female migrant articulates an increasingly widespread experience not only of modern isolation, social invisibility, and cultural disorientation, but also of the power of anonymity. A critical analysis of migratory work in Victorian fiction adds an important new dimension to nineteenth-century global studies.
Screening Positive for Military Sexual Harassment or Assault Is Associated With Higher Compulsive Sexual Behavior in Men Military Service Members/Veterans
Authors: Blais Rebecca K 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) is understudied in military service members/veterans despite elevated risk for psychological disorders that are associated with CSB, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and alcohol misuse. Civilian research shows that sexual trauma is associated with higher CSB. Among military service members/veterans, sexual trauma that occurred before military service is identified as a risk factor for CSB, but the impact of screening positive for sexual trauma that occurred during military service (military sexual harassment[MSH]/military sexual assault[MSA]) on CSB is unknown. Moreover, screening positive for MSH/A confers a higher risk for distress relative to sexual trauma that occurred before or after military service, suggesting that MSH/A may be a robust predictor of CSB. The current study examined whether screening positive for MSH/A was associated with higher CSB after accounting for mental health and demographic characteristics. The current study specifically focused on men service members/veterans given that men show higher engagement and distress associated with CSB relative to women.

Materials and Method
Male service member/veterans (n = 508) completed self-report measures of CSB, MSH/A, PTSD and depression severity, hazardous drinking, and age. CSB was regressed on MSH/A, PTSD and depression severity, hazardous drinking, and age to determine if MSH/A was uniquely associated with CSB after accounting for other risk factors.

Results
A total of 9.25% to 12.01% of the sample reported scores suggestive of high levels of CSB. The regression of CSB on MSH/A screen status, PTSD, depression, alcohol use, and age explained 22.3% of the variance. Screening positive for MSH/A, higher PTSD symptoms, and higher depression symptoms were associated with higher CSB, but age or alcohol use were not.

Conclusion
Screening positive for MSH/A appears to be a unique risk factor for higher CSB above and beyond the effects of depression and PTSD. Since screening for CSB is not part of routine mental health care, clinicians may consider a positive screen for MSH/A as a possible indicator that CSB may be of clinical concern. Previous research on MSH/A and individual and sexual health outcomes suggest that distinguishing between MSH/A severities (harassment only vs. assault) is critical as the most dysfunction is observed with sexual trauma that involves assault. Owing to low endorsement of MSA, this study did not examine differences between MSA and MSH. Future research in this area would be strengthened by exploring MSH/A severities as a correlate of CSB.
Renohepatic crosstalk: a review of the effects of acute kidney injury on the liver
Authors: Bonavia Anthony , Stiles Nicholas 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Several theories regarding acute kidney injury (AKI)-related mortality have been entertained, although mounting evidence supports the paradigm that impaired kidney function directly and adversely affects the function of several remote organs. The kidneys and liver are fundamental to human metabolism and detoxification, and it is therefore hardly surprising that critical illness complicated by hepatorenal dysfunction portends a poor prognosis. Several diseases can simultaneously impact the proper functioning of the liver and kidneys, although this review will address the impact of AKI on liver function. While evidence for this relationship in humans remains sparse, we present supportive studies and then discuss the most likely mechanisms by which AKI can cause liver dysfunction. These include ‘traditional’ complications of AKI (uremia, volume overload and acute metabolic acidosis, among others) as well as systemic inflammation, hepatic leukocyte infiltration, cytokine-mediated liver injury and hepatic oxidative stress. We conclude by addressing the therapeutic implications of these findings to clinical medicine.
Perioperative Bacterial Contamination from Patients on Contact Precaution in Operating Room Environment
Authors: Kanamori Hajime , Rutala William A , Gergen Maria F , Weber David J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We investigated the microbial burden on the operating room environment when patients on contact precautions for a multidrug-resistant pathogen received surgery. Our study demonstrated that the perioperative environment was contaminated with aerobic bacteria and MRSA after surgery, and that MRSA persisted environmentally even after cleaning/disinfection, highlighting the need for meticulous cleaning/disinfection in the perioperative environment.
Protocol-driven intensive outpatient management of pregnant patients with symptomatic COVID-19
Authors: Soffer M D , Shook L L , James K , Sawyer M R , Ciaranello A , Mahrouk R , Bernstein S N , Boatin A A , Edlow A G , York-Best C , Kaimal A J , Goldfarb I T 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Reports of SARS-CoV2 infection have focused on pregnant women hospitalized due to moderate to severe COVID-19 disease or asymptomatic women diagnosed through universal screening at the time of obstetric admission. Many pregnant women who have symptomatic SARS-CoV2 infection may not meet criteria for hospitalization; however, whether and how these women can be managed safely in outpatient setting is not well described.

Objective
We sought to describe the time to symptom and viral clearance and to identify predictors of hospitalization in order to better understand the safety of monitoring pregnant patients with symptomatic COVID-19 in the outpatient setting.

Study Design
We performed a retrospective cohort study of pregnant patients with symptomatic, confirmed COVID-19 illness at a large academic medical center. Patients had systematic telehealth follow up by a clinician team to assess for symptoms, provide virtual prenatal care, and arrange in-person visits when appropriate in a dedicated outpatient center. Data was collected via chart abstraction.

Results
Of 180 pregnant patients presenting with symptoms and undergoing RT-PCR testing, 67 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection were identified during the study period. Nineteen (28%) required acute care given worsening of COVID-19 symptoms, and 95% of these were directed to this acute care setting due to symptom severity telehealth evaluation. Nine women (13%) were admitted to the hospital given worsening symptoms, 3 required ICU care, 2 required ventilatory support, and 2 required delivery. Women with the presenting symptoms of fever, cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, or nausea and vomiting were more likely to require admission. The median duration from initial positive test to RT-PCR viral clearance was 26 days. Disease progression, time to viral clearance and duration of symptoms did not vary significantly by trimester of infection.

Conclusions
Management of the majority of pregnant women with symptomatic COVID-19 illness can be accomplished in the outpatient setting with intensive and protocol-driven monitoring for symptom progression.
Impact of exercise on older adults’ mood is moderated by sleep and mediated by altered brain connectivity
Authors: Alfini Alfonso J , Won Junyeon , Weiss Lauren R , Nyhuis Casandra C , Shackman Alexander J , Spira Adam P , Smith J Carson 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Older adults comprise the fastest growing global demographic and are at increased risk of poor mental health outcomes. Although aerobic exercise and sleep are critical to the preservation of emotional well-being, few studies have examined their combined mood-enhancing effects, or the potential neural mechanisms underlying these effects. Here, we used a randomized crossover design to test the impact of acute exercise on mood and the intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) of the cingulo-opercular network in physically healthy older adults. Wrist actigraphy provided objective indices of sleep. Results revealed that 30 min of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise acutely enhanced positive affect (PA) and reduced iFC between the cingulo-opercular network and the hippocampus. Both effects were magnified among older adults with greater sleep disturbance. Exercise-induced changes in hippocampal iFC mediated relations between sleep disturbance and exercise-induced increases in PA. These findings provide evidence that aerobic exercise enhances mood, that it does so by altering connectivity between the anterior insula—a key hub in the cingulo-opercular network—and the hippocampus and that lower sleep quality is a stronger predictor of these effects among older adults. These observations underscore the benefits of moderate-intensity exercise—a safe and scalable behavioral intervention—and provide new clues about the neural circuitry underlying the interactive effects of sleep and exercise on mood.