bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multitasking FeOCN Composite as an Economic, Heterogeneous Catalyst for 1‐Octene Hydroformylation and Hydration Reactions
Authors: Srivastava Avinash K. , Ali Munsaf , Siangwata Shepherd , Satrawala Naveen , Smith Gregory S. , Joshi Raj K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA highly efficient multitasking FeOCN composite was synthesized in a single step by the fast heating of an Fe(III) salt and urea. The composite was confirmed by various spectroscopic and analytical techniques which include XRD, FTIR, Raman, FESEM, and XPS analysis. The composite was then investigated for various organic transformations and it was found to be excellent for the hydroformylation of 1‐octene in toluene under 50 bar syngas pressure at 95 °C. The composite was also found to be significantly active for the hydration reactions of alkynes and nitriles under acid‐ and base‐free conditions. The hydration reactions were performed in aqueous methanol at 120 °C and an excellent yield of regioselective products was obtained under optimized reaction conditions.
Three‐Component, One‐Pot Tandem Sonogashira/Suzuki‐Miyaura Coupling Reactions for the Synthesis of a Library of Ceramide‐Transport Protein Inhibitors Designed In Silico
Authors: Ueno Masaharu , Miyoshi Norikazu , Hanada Kentaro , Kobayashi Shū 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe have developed a one‐pot, tandem Sonogashira/Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling reaction, which was unknown synthetically, and applied it for the synthesis of a library of potential natural ligand nonmimetic inhibitors of the lipid‐transfer protein, ceramide‐transport protein (CERT). The characteristic feature of this reaction is that the two‐step coupling reaction proceeds smoothly with only 5 mol% of palladium catalyst. Furthermore, the location of the formed carbon−carbon bond would be strictly defined because of the difference in reactivity. Therefore, many derivatives could be synthesized in high yields without the formation of regioisomeric byproducts by the same procedure. We also performed a semi‐gram scale synthesis of several derivatives to provide the bioactive assay. After synthesizing as many as 113 derivatives, we identified a non‐natural mimetic inhibitor with activity comparable to that of the known inhibitor (1R,3S)‐HPA‐12.
Iron‐Catalysed Radical Polymerisation by Living Bacteria
Authors: Bennett Mechelle R. , Gurnani Pratik , Hill Phil J. , Alexander Cameron , Rawson Frankie J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe ability to harness cellular redox processes for abiotic synthesis might allow the preparation of engineered hybrid living systems. Towards this goal we describe a new bacteria‐mediated iron‐catalysed reversible deactivation radical polymerisation (RDRP), with a range of metal‐chelating agents and monomers that can be used under ambient conditions with a bacterial redox initiation step to generate polymers. Cupriavidus metallidurans, Escherichia coli, and Clostridium sporogenes species were chosen for their redox enzyme systems and evaluated for their ability to induce polymer formation. Parameters including cell and catalyst concentration, initiator species, and monomer type were investigated. Water‐soluble synthetic polymers were produced in the presence of the bacteria with full preservation of cell viability. This method provides a means by which bacterial redox systems can be exploited to generate “unnatural” polymers in the presence of “host” cells, thus setting up the possibility of making natural–synthetic hybrid structures and conjugates.
The prevention of an anomalous chromatographic behavior and the resulting successful removal of viruses from monoclonal antibody with an asymmetric charge distribution by using a membrane adsorber in highly efficient, anion‐exchange chromatography in flow‐through mode
Authors: Masuda Yumiko , Ogino Yuka , Yamaichi Kozo , Takahashi Yusuke , Nonaka Koichi , Wakamatsu Kaori 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAnion exchange (AEX) chromatography in the flow‐through mode is a widely employed purification process for removal of process/product‐related impurities and exogenous/endogenous viruses from monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The pH of the mobile phase for AEX chromatography is typically set at half a unit below the isoelectric point (pI) of each mAb (i.e., pI − 0.5) or lower and, in combination with a low ionic strength, these conditions are usually satisfactory for both the recovery of the mAb and removal of impurities. However, we have recently encountered a tight binding of mAb1 to AEX resins under these standard chromatographic conditions. This anomalous adsorption behavior appears to be an effect of the asymmetric charge distribution on the surface of the mAb1. We found that mAb1 did not bind to the AEX resins if the mobile phase has a much lower pH and higher ionic strength, but those conditions would not allow adequate virus removal. We predicted that the use of membrane adsorbers might provide effective mAb1 purification, since the supporting matrix has a network structure that would be less susceptible to interactions with the asymmetric charge distribution on the protein surface. We tested the Natriflo HD‐Q AEX membrane adsorber under standard chromatographic conditions and found that mAb1 flowed through the membrane adsorber, resulting in successful separation from murine leukemia virus. This AEX membrane adsorber is expected to be useful for process development because mAbs can be purified under similar standard chromatographic conditions regardless of their charge distributions.
Retracted: LINC00311 promotes cancer stem‐like properties by targeting miR‐330‐5p/TLR4 pathway in human papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Gao Yu , Wang Fan , Zhang Li , Kang Mei , Zhu Liyang , Xu Lei , Liang Wei , Zhang Wei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGrowing evidence has suggested that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an essential role in the progression of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). LncRNA LINC00311 was found to be able to regulate many cellular process in several diseases. However, the function and regulatory mechanism of LINC00311 remains unclear in PTC. In the present study, the results showed that the expression of LINC00311 was upregulated in PTC tissues and cells. Furthermore, knockdown of LINC00311 dramatically suppressed spheroid formation, proliferation, migration, and invasion in PTC cells in vitro. Mechanistic investigations revealed that LINC00311 was negatively correlated with the expression of miR‐330‐5p, meanwhile, TLR4 was a direct target of miR‐330‐5p. In addition, rescue assays further determined that LINC00311 contributed to the progression of PTC through regulating TLR4 expression. Taken together, these findings indicated that LINC00311 could promote cancer stem‐like properties by targeting miR‐330‐5p/TLR4 pathway in PTC.
Optimization of 2‐stage cooperative spectrum for cognitive radio networks using multi‐antenna energy detectors
Authors: Lin Ping‐Rong , Chen Cheng‐Yu , Liu Tao‐Qing , Chen Jen‐Yeu , Jeng Shiann‐Shiun 
Published: January 2020

SummaryCooperative spectrum sensing, a kind of spectrum sensing scheme in cognitive radio (CR), uses multiple CR relays. To increase performance, this study uses multi‐antenna CR relays and beam‐forming reception. The required bandwidth for reporting channels in cooperative spectrum sensing is crucial. Two‐stage cooperative spectrum sensing is proposed to increase performance without increasing the required bandwidth. The cooperative spectrum sensing is also optimized to allow the CR networks to facilitate the best decision‐making. This study determines the detection performance when beam‐forming reception is used. Numerical simulations are used to validate the effectiveness of the method. It is shown that beam‐forming reception outperforms square‐law combining (SLC) for low SNR values.This study proposes a 2‐stage cooperative spectrum sensing method, which uses multi‐antenna CR relays and beam‐forming reception. The cooperative spectrum sensing is also optimized to allow the CR networks to facilitate the best decision‐making. Numerical simulations are used to validate the effectiveness of the method.
Relationship between per capita births of Cook Inlet belugas and summer salmon runs: age‐structured population modeling
Authors: Norman Stephanie A. , Hobbs Roderick C. , Beckett Laurel A. , Trumble Stephen J. , Smith Woutrina A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAnthropogenic disturbances may alter a population's conservation status if the ability of individuals to survive and breed is affected. We used an adaptation of the Heligman‐Pollard model to estimate survival at age of Cook Inlet belugas (CIB;Delphinapterus leucas), an endangered population in south‐central Alaska. We developed an age‐structured Leslie matrix model, based on the life history parameters survival and fecundity probability, to evaluate the sensitivity of population size and growth of CIB, to variation in estimate values of Chinook and coho salmon abundance in the Deshka River, a major tributary of the Susitna River. Birth effect (eb) was regressed against Chinook and coho salmon levels for the year of, the year before, and two years before a beluga calf birth. The effect of a range of modifications of salmon availability was illustrated in CIB with a series of simulations. The maximum annual population growths (λ) were set at 1.036 (3.6%). Ranges of CIB survival and fecundity probabilities indicated small changes in survival probabilities have a greater impact on population growth than similar changes in birth probability. As either survival (es) or fecundity (eb) was reduced, the annual growth declined, with eitheres = 0.961 oreb = 0.388, causing a decreased annual growth of −0.4%. Regressions of Chinook salmon for the year of, the year before, and two years before a birth were all significant at the 5% level as was coho in the year of and year prior to birth. The mechanism model with the best fit was the sum of Chinook and coho in the year of birth and year prior to birth. Simulations showed that if salmon runs remained at their current levels, the CIB population would likely continue its current slow decline and per capita births would continue to be low. The results from this study suggest reproductive success in CIB is tied to salmon abundance in the Deshka River. Current management practices should consider this when setting research priorities, designing new studies, and developing management actions to achieve CIB population recovery targets.
Soil depth and grassland origin cooperatively shape microbial community co‐occurrence and function
Authors: Upton Racheal N. , Checinska Sielaff Aleksandra , Hofmockel Kirsten S. , Xu Xia , Polley H. Wayne , Wilsey Brian J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMany soils are deep, yet soil below 20 cm remains largely unexplored. Exotic plants can have shallower roots than native species, so their impact on microorganisms is anticipated to change with depth. Using environmental DNA and extracellular enzymatic activities, we studied fungal and bacterial community composition, diversity, function, and co‐occurrence networks between native and exotic grasslands at soil depths up to 1 m. We hypothesized (1) the composition and network structure of both fungal and bacterial communities will change with increasing depth, and diversity and enzymatic function will decrease; (2) microbial enzymatic function and network connectedness will be lower in exotic grasslands; and (3) irrigation will alter microbial networks, increasing the overall connectedness. Microbial diversity decreased with depth, and community composition was distinctly different between shallow and deeper soil depths with higher numbers of unknown taxa in lower soil depths. Fungal communities differed between native and exotic plant communities. Microbial community networks were strongly shaped by biotic and abiotic factors concurrently and were the only microbial measurement affected by irrigation. In general, fungal communities were more connected in native plant communities than exotic, especially below 10 cm. Fungal networks were also more connected at lower soil depths albeit with fewer nodes. Bacterial communities demonstrated higher complexity, and greater connectedness and nodes, at lower soil depths for native plant communities. Exotic plant communities’ bacterial network connectedness altered at lower soil depths dependent on irrigation treatments. Microbial extracellular enzyme activity for carbon cycling enzymes significantly declined with soil depth, but enzymes associated with nitrogen and phosphorus cycling continued to have similar activities up to 1 m deep. Our results indicate that native and exotic grasslands have significantly different fungal communities in depths up to 1 m and that both fungal and bacterial networks are strongly shaped jointly by plant communities and abiotic factors. Soil depth is independently a major determinant of both fungal and bacterial community structures, functions, and co‐occurrence networks and demonstrates further the importance of including soil itself when investigating plant–microbe interactions.
The effect of TP53 and P21 gene polymorphisms on papillary thyroid carcinoma susceptibility and clinical/pathological features
Authors: Heidari Zahra , Harati‐Sadegh Mahdiyeh , Arian Abtin , Maruei‐Milan Rostam , Salimi Saeedeh 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPapillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common thyroid malignancy. Genetic polymorphisms of the TP53 and P21 genes are the candidate variants in various cancers development. This study investigated whether the polymorphisms in TP53 (rs1042522) and P21 (rs1059234 and rs1801270) affect the risk of PTC and whether such the genotype of these polymorphisms is associated with pathological and clinical characteristics of PTC. A case–control study was conducted with 286 Iranian people, including 131 PTC cases and 155 healthy controls. The genetic polymorphisms were investigated by the polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP). Our results suggested that TP53‐rs1042522 CC genotype was significantly associated with protection against PTC, in the dominant, recessive and allelic models (OR = 0.4, 95%CI: 0.2–0.8, P = .008; OR = 0.5, 95%CI: 0.3–0.9, P = .01; OR = 0.6, 95%CI: 0.4–0.8, P = .002, respectively). The rs1042522 was associated with PTC patients with tumor size greater than 1 cm in dominant and recessive models (OR = 0.2, 95%CI = 0.04–0.9, P = .04 and OR = 0.3, 95%CI = 0.1–0.7, P = .009, respectively) and was associated with vascular invasion in dominant model (OR = 0.3, 95%CI = 0.1–0.7, P = .01). No correlation was identified between P21 rs1059234 and rs1801270 polymorphisms and risk of PTC and pathological and clinical characteristics of PTC. Genetic variations in rs1042522 might alter the PTC risk, which could affect tumor size and cause lower incidence of vascular invasion in PTC cases. This was the first report suggesting that no correlation was found between P21 rs1059234 and rs1801270 polymorphisms and PTC risk. Thus, more studies with a larger population size and different ethnic groups and functional assays are needed to confirm our results.
Current advances in biodegradable synthetic polymer based cardiac patches
Authors: McMahan Sara , Taylor Alan , Copeland Katherine M. , Pan Zui , Liao Jun , Hong Yi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe number of people affected by heart disease such as coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction increases at an alarming rate each year. Currently, the methods to treat these diseases are restricted to lifestyle change, pharmaceuticals, and eventually heart transplant if the condition is severe enough. While these treatment options are the standard for caring for patients who suffer from heart disease, limited regenerative ability of the heart restricts the effectiveness of treatment and may lead to other heart‐related health problems in the future. Because of the increasing need for more effective therapeutic technologies for treating diseased heart tissue, cardiac patches are now a large focus for researchers. The cardiac patches are designed to be integrated into the patients' natural tissue to introduce mechanical support and healing to the damaged areas. As a promising alternative, synthetic biodegradable polymer based biomaterials can be easily manipulated to customize material properties, as well as possess certain desired characteristics for cardiac patch use. This comprehensive review summarizes recent works on synthetic biodegradable cardiac patches implanted into infarcted animal models. In addition, this review describes the basic requirements that should be met for cardiac patch development, and discusses the inspirations to designing new biomaterials and technologies for cardiac patches.
Lipid mass spectrometry: A path traveled for 50 years
Authors: Murphy Robert C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn the middle of the 1960s, I began graduate school and at the same time started on the path of using mass spectrometry to gain insight into various aspects of lipid biochemistry. This was not a straight path but one that went from organic geochemistry, to lunar sample analysis, to a pursuit of the structure of an elusive and very active, lipid mediator slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS‐A). The discovery of the structure of SRS‐A opened important questions about phospholipid biochemistry and the arachidonate cycle in cells. I have written this reflection to highlight the various advances in mass spectrometry that occurred during this time that had a great impact on our ability to study lipid biochemistry. I specifically applied these new advances to studies of leukotriene biosynthesis in vivo, leukotriene metabolism, and arachidonate‐containing phospholipids that are essential in providing arachidonic acid for the 5‐lipoxygenase pathway. Along the way, imaging mass spectrometry was shown to be a powerful tool to probe lipids as they exist in tissue slices. We found this as just one of the ways to use the emerging technology of lipidomics to study human pathophysiology. Our studies of neutral lipids and oxidized phospholipids were especially challenging due to the total number of molecular species that could be found in cells. Many challenges remain in using mass spectrometry for lipid studies, and a few are presented.
Hunting Activity Effects on Roost Selection by Male Wild Turkeys
Authors: Wakefield Calvin T. , Martin James A. , Wightman Patrick H. , Bond Bobby T. , Lowrey D. Kevin , Cohen Bradley S. , Collier Bret A. , Chamberlain Michael J. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTRoosting is an important component of wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo; turkey) ecology as roosts provide security from predators and inclement weather. Males call (gobble) from roosts during the reproductive season, and roost locations are important for maximizing access to females and transmission of calls across the landscape, while also minimizing predation risk. Spring hunting of male turkeys occurs during the reproductive season, and hunting activity influences male behaviors and calling. Because roost sites are important for wild turkey ecology, we evaluated roost site selection and fidelity of male turkeys relative to land cover types, vegetative characteristics, and the presence of hunting activity during 2017–2018 in Georgia, USA. Prior to onset of hunting, males selected roosts nearest to hardwood and pine (Pinusspp.) forests. Roost site fidelity was low and distances between roosts were large. After onset of hunting, males selected pine forests less and exhibited greater plasticity in roost selection while fidelity remained minimal, suggesting that males may have altered selection to mitigate risk from hunting while maintaining the strategy of moving about their ranges and roosting at different sites on consecutive nights. Future research should examine potential effects of hunting‐induced shifts in resource selection on other aspects of male turkey behavior and ecology. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Prevention of Ocular Tenon Adhesion to Sclera by a PDMAA Polymer to Improve Results after Glaucoma Surgery
Authors: Martin Gottfried , Lübke Jan , Schefold Suzanna , Jordan Jens F. , Schlunck Günther , Reinhard Thomas , Kanokwijitsilp Thananthorn , Prucker Oswald , Rühe Jürgen , Anton Alexandra 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe authors describe a process that may eventually reduce the risk of scar formation after glaucoma surgery. For this, a thin hydrogel coating is photochemically generated and linked to the sclera surface at the surgical site. This coating is generated from a photoreactive prepolymer containing anthraquinone groups, which is administered as a thin pad to the sclera surface. Short UV irradiation leads to a reaction of the photogroups with neighboring chains via C–H insertion crosslinking, thus transforming the precursor polymer into a hydrogel. Simultaneously, a reaction between the photogroups and the underlying sclera tissue occurs, so that the hydrogel patch becomes covalently linked to the tissue. The authors show that the resulting thin coating is strongly cell repellent and hinders tenon fibroblasts to form tenon tissue at the site of the coating and is suitable for inclusion into a surgical procedure.
Optical Development of UV Lenses
Authors: Wahn Hannes 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWithin the scope of optical system developments for industrial and scientific applications, different requirements have to be taken into account. These include, for example, restrictions regarding available space, protection against environmental influences, or the need for special properties of perspective. The spectral range or bandwidth might impose additional constraints. If available standard lenses do not meet the special requirements which arise, the development of customized optical systems may become necessary.
Localization Microscopy
Authors: Klatt Gregor , Saroglou Konstantinos , Kobitski Andrei , Nienhaus G. Ulrich 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSingle‐molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) denotes a family of super‐resolution optical fluorescence imaging techniques that overcome the Abbe diffraction barrier, which normally restricts the lateral optical resolution to 200 to 300 nm. The fundamental principle of all SMLM implementations is the localization of individual fluorescence emitters by detecting their photon emission at a certain position and time in the complete absence of emission from neighboring emitters. The centroid of the diffraction‐limited distribution of photons is a measure of the location of the emitter and much better defined than the photon distribution itself. Thus, whereas a standard widefield image is an overlay of the photon distributions from a large number of emitters, a super‐resolved SMLM image is a map of their individual locations.
Fiber End‐Capping and Splicing of High‐Power Fiber Arrays
Authors: Theeg Thomas , Pulzer Tony , Brag Jürgen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWell‐established splicer devices for fiber‐to‐fiber splices have been on the market for many years. The availability of CO2 laser‐based fiber splicing systems that can control the position and size of the heating zone has opened up new possibilities in the splicing of single and multiple fibers to optical elements of various sizes and shapes. The ability to control the splicing temperature in real time (ms range) enables precise and repeatable splicing results on a new level – especially for complex fiber structures such as large mode area (LMA) and hollow core fibers. Temperature‐controlled splicing also opens up the possibility of splicing different glass types (e.g. soft glass fibers).
More Than Meets the Eye
Authors: Beletkaia Elena , Pozo Jose 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHyperspectral imaging (HSI) has been widely applied in various fields, such as astronomy, food quality and safety control, remote sensing, pharmaceuticals, etc. In recent years, this technique has also gathered a huge amount of attention in biomedical fields. Hyperspectral imagery, processed using commercially available software, can identify subtle color differences in an imaged scene that are not visible to the human eye.