bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What role does substance use play in the social world of Australian people who have experienced homelessness? A critical realist mixed‐methods exploration
Authors: Bower Marlee , Perz Janette , Conroy Elizabeth 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSubstance use is prevalent amongst Australians who have experienced homelessness, but the social impacts of using substances amongst this group are poorly understood. This study uses a relational and critical realist approach to understand the role of substance use on the social lives of people with lived experience of homelessness. A mixed‐methods design was used to explore this question and assess the experiences of people who have exited homelessness. Recruiting across services catering to marginalised populations, 110 participants completed a cross‐sectional survey. Findings showed substance use both socially connected and disconnected participants, and that attempting abstinence required participants to negotiate and alter their social networks. To participants, being a substance “user,” or “non‐user,” was a social identity that they actively negotiated to facilitate competing social, psychological and material/embodied needs. Participants chose to engage and not engage with others to craft a social identity they valued, which had the sometimes‐negative side‐effect of limiting potential relationships, leaving users feeling isolated from their non‐users and a continued imperative to keep using. The impacts of substance use on social networks were similar for currently and formerly homeless participants, suggesting transitioning into housing may not immediately prompt a reduction in substance use or influence from substance‐using peers. Interventions with substance users with lived experience of homelessness would benefit from taking a social identity approach that incorporates an understanding of the material/embodied aspects of addiction to provide a holistic model of care that best supports the relational needs of the client.
Anti‐Diabetic Effects of Berberis kansuensis Extract on Type 2 Diabetic Rats Revealed by 1H‐NMR‐Based Metabolomics and Biochemistry Analysis
Authors: Du Huan , Li Qi , Yi Huan , Xu Tong , Xu Xin‐Mei , Kuang Ting‐Ting , Zhang Jing , Huang An‐Qing , Fan Gang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe dried stem bark of Berberis kansuensis C.K.Schneid. (Berberidaceae) was widely used to treat diabetes in traditional Tibetan medicine system. However, its anti‐diabetic mechanisms have not been elucidated. In this study, 1H‐NMR‐based metabolomics combined with biochemistry assay was applied to investigate the anti‐diabetic activities as well as underlying mechanisms of B. kansuensis extract on type 2 diabetic rats. The results showed that after 30 days treatment with B. kansuensis extract, the levels of FBG, GSP, INS, TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6 were significantly decreased in B. kansuensis group compared with the model group. Besides, a total of 28 metabolites were identified in rat serum by 1H‐NMR‐based metabolomics method, 16 of which were significantly different in the normal group compared with the model group, and eight of them were significantly reversed after B. kansuensis intervention. Further analysis of metabolic pathways indicated that therapeutic effect of B. kansuensis might be predominantly related to their ability to improve glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, citric acid cycle, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and choline metabolism. The results of both metabolomics and biochemical analysis indicated that B. kansuensis extract has a potential anti‐diabetic effect on type 2 diabetic rats. Its therapeutic effect may be based on the ability of anti‐inflammation, alleviating insulin resistance and restoring several disturbed metabolic pathways.
Heat‐sensitive inhibition of aqualysin 1 by protein containing wheat, maize, and barley extracts
Authors: Verbauwhede Annelien E. , Lambrecht Marlies A. , Fierens Ellen , Shegay Oksana , Brijs Kristof , Delcour Jan A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesWheat flour proteins inhibit the thermo‐active serine peptidase aqualysin 1 (Aq1) from Thermus aquaticus in a temperature‐dependent way. The impact of aqueous flour extracts (FEs) from maize, barley, or rice on Aq1 activity both in an assay and in a gluten‐starch model system (GSMS) for bread making was investigated.FindingsThe degree of Aq1 inhibition by maize and barley FEs decreased at temperatures exceeding 50°C. With higher levels of FEs, higher temperatures were required to undo inhibition. Rice FEs did not inhibit Aq1. Gluten hydrolysis started at lower temperatures in GSMS containing maize FE rather than wheat FE. Incubating Aq1 with maize FE prior to inclusion in GSMS containing wheat FE decreased the onset temperature of Aq1 activity.ConclusionsIn presence of their FEs, the onset and optimal temperatures for Aq1 activity increased in the order maize, wheat, and barley. When Aq1 was incubated with maize inhibitors prior to dough making, wheat inhibitors still impacted Aq1 activity.Significance and noveltyThat maize and barley contain inhibitors inactivating Aq1 in a heat‐sensitive way different from that exerted by those in wheat is novel and relevant in the context of the production of multigrain bread products.
Lisch nodules and iris mammillations in two siblings with familial legius syndrome
Authors: Bixel Kaitlyn D. , Cano Miguel J. , Johnson Damon M. , Gomez Benjamin , Lobsinger Laura V. , Valentin Frank E. , Hsieh David T. , Rohena Luis O. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLegius syndrome is characterized by numerous café‐au‐lait macules and intertriginous freckling, but typically lacks the distinctive tumor manifestations of neurofibromatosis type 1. We report two siblings with Legius syndrome and Lisch nodules illustrating the importance of eye surveillance in these patients.
Enhancing Methanol Oxidation Reaction with Platinum‐based Catalysts using a N‐Doped Three‐dimensional Graphitic Carbon Support
Authors: Elangovan Ayyappan , Xu Jiayi , Sekar Archana , Liu Bin , Li Jun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNitrogen‐doped graphitic carbon materials have been widely used as a catalyst support in the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). In this study, we report the role of three‐dimensionally architectured in‐situ N‐doped vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (VACNF) as a catalyst support for MOR in acidic and alkaline media. The abundant graphitic edge sites at the sidewall of N‐doped VACNF strongly anchor the deposited platinum group metal (PGM) catalysts and induce a partial electron transfer between the PGM catalysts and support. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the strong metal‐support interaction substantially increases the adsorption energy of OH, particularly near the N‐doping sites, which helps to compete and remove the adsorbed intermediate species generated during MOR. The PGM catalysts on N‐doped VACNF support exhibits CO stripping at lower potentials comparing to the commercial Vulcan carbon support and presents an enhanced electrocatalytic performance and better durability for MOR.
Dimensionality reduction of multielement glass evidence to calculate likelihood ratios
Authors: Gupta Anjali , Corzo Ruthmara , Akmeemana Anuradha , Lambert Katelyn , Jimenez Kenneth , Curran James M. , Almirall Jose R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDimensionality reduction of multivariate elemental concentrations of glass is reported for computing likelihood ratios (LRs). TheLRs calculated using principal component analysis (PCA) and a post hoc calibration steps result in very low (<1%) false inclusions when comparing glass samples known to originate from different sources and very low (<1%) false exclusions when comparing glass samples known to originate from the same source. TheLRs calculated using the novel PCA approach are compared with previously reportedLRs calculated using a more computationally intensive Multivariate Kernel (MVK) model followed by a calibration step using a Pool Adjacent Violators (PAV) algorithm. In both cases, the calibratedLRs limited the magnitude of the misleading evidence, providing only weak to moderate support for the incorrect hypotheses. Most of the different pairs that were found to be falsely included were explained by chemical relatedness (same manufacturer of the glass sources in very close time interval between manufacture). The computation ofLRs using dimensionality reduction of elemental concentrations using PCA may transfer to other multivariate data‐generating evidence types.
Stepwise Assembly of an Electroactive Framework from a Co6S8 Superatomic Metalloligand and Cuprous Iodide Building Units
Authors: Freeman Matthew B. , Edokobi Ozioma D. , Gillen Jonathan H. , Kocherga Margaret , Dipple Kathleen M. , Jones Daniel S. , Paley Daniel W. , Wang Le , Bejger Christopher M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is Christopher Bejger and co‐workers at UNC Charlotte, Columbia University, and Donghua University. The image depicts a pair of star clusters in the constellation Perseus as the structure of two metal clusters in the reported framework. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.20201215.
Dicarba[26]hexaporphyrinoids(1.1.1.1.1.1) with an Embedded Cyclopentene Moiety—Conformational Switching
Authors: Berlicka Anna , Stanowska Justyna , Białek Michał J. , Ślepokura Katarzyna , Latos‐Grażyński Lechosław 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is Lechosław Latos‐Grażyński and co‐workers at University of Wrocław. The image depicts two essential conformations of 31,34‐dicarba[26]hexachlorins: dumbbell and rectangular with regular or doubly inverted carbocyclic rings, respectively. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202002603.
Isoselective Polymerization of rac‐Lactide by Highly Active Sequential {ONNN} Magnesium Complexes
Authors: Rosen Tomer , Rajpurohit Jitendrasingh , Lipstman Sophia , Venditto Vincenzo , Kol Moshe 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe coordination chemistry and the activities in the ring‐opening polymerization catalysis of racemic lactide (LA) of magnesium complexes of a series of {ONNN}‐type sequential monoanionic ligands are described. All ligands include pyridyl and substituted‐phenolate as peripheral groups. The ligands bearing either chiral or meso‐bipyrrolidine cores led to single diastereomeric complexes, whereas the ligands bearing a diaminoethane core led to diastereomer mixtures. All {ONNN}Mg‐X complexes [X=Cl, HMDS (hexamethyldisilazide)] led to highly active and isoselective catalysts. The complexes bearing the chiral bipyrrolidine core exhibited the highest activities (full consumption of 5000 equiv. of rac‐LA at RT within 5 min) and highest isoselectivities (Pm=0.91), as well as a living character. The complexes of the meso‐bipyrrolidine based ligands were almost as active and slightly less stereoselective, while those of the diaminoethane based ligands exhibited reduced activities and isoselectivities.
Improving the Stability of Maleimide–Thiol Conjugation for Drug Targeting
Authors: Lahnsteiner Marianne , Kastner Alexander , Mayr Josef , Roller Alexander , Keppler Bernhard K. , Kowol Christian R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMaleimides are essential compounds for drug conjugation reactions via thiols to antibodies, peptides and other targeting units. However, one main drawback is the occurrence of thiol exchange reactions with, for example, glutathione resulting in loss of the targeting ability. A new strategy to overcome such retro‐Michael exchange processes of maleimide–thiol conjugates by stabilization of the thiosuccinimide via a transcyclization reaction is presented. This reaction enables the straightforward synthesis of stable maleimide–thiol adducts essential in drug‐conjugation applications.
Phase 1 study of the immunotoxin LMB‐100 in patients with mesothelioma and other solid tumors expressing mesothelin
Authors: Hassan Raffit , Alewine Christine , Mian Idrees , Spreafico Anna , Siu Lillian L. , Gomez‐Roca Carlos , Delord Jean‐Pierre , Italiano Antoine , Lassen Ulrik , Soria Jean‐Charles , Bahleda Rastilav , Thomas Anish , Steinberg Seth M. , Peer Cody J. , Figg William D. , Niederfellner Gerhard , Méresse Naegelen Valérie , Pastan Ira 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundLMB‐100 is an antibody‐toxin conjugate with an antimesothelin Fab linked to a 24‐kilodalton portion of Pseudomonas exotoxin A with mutations that decrease immunogenicity. The objective of the current first‐in‐human phase 1 study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and safety in patients with advanced solid tumors expressing mesothelin.MethodsCohorts of 1 to 7 patients received intravenous LMB‐100 at 7 dose levels from 40 µg/kg to 250 µg/kg intravenously on days 1, 3, and 5 of a 21‐day cycle.ResultsOf the 25 patients accrued, 17 had mesothelioma, 3 each had ovarian or pancreatic cancer, and 2 patients had gastric cancer. Dose‐limiting toxicities occurred in 2 of 4 patients treated at a dose of 250 µg/kg (capillary leak syndrome) and in 3 of 7 patients treated at a dose of 170 µg/kg (creatinine increase). The MTD of LMB‐100 was 140 µg/kg. Of the 10 patients with mesothelioma who were treated at doses of 170 µg/kg or 140 µg/kg, 8 had stable disease and 2 developed progressive disease. Peak LMB‐100 plasma concentrations were dose‐dependent during cycle 1. The development of antidrug antibodies decreased LMB‐100 blood levels in 8 of 21 patients (38%) who received cycle 2 and 9 of 11 patients (81.8%) who received cycle 3.ConclusionsThe MTD for single‐agent LMB‐100 was found to be 140 µg/kg given on a schedule of every other day for 3 doses every 3 weeks. Although less immunogenic than the first‐generation antimesothelin immunotoxin SS1P, the majority of patients developed antidrug antibodies after 2 cycles, indicating that LMB‐100 has limited antitumor efficacy as a single agent. Phase 2 studies of LMB‐100 plus pembrolizumab currently are ongoing for patients with mesothelioma and lung cancer.Lay Summary

Mesothelin, a cell surface antigen, is an attractive target for cancer therapy given its limited expression in normal human tissues and high expression in many human cancers. LMB‐100 is a recombinant antimesothelin immunotoxin consisting of a humanized antimesothelin antibody fragment fused to a truncated Pseudomonas exotoxin A.

In the current study, the authors determined the safety, maximum tolerated dose, and pharmacokinetics of LMB‐100, as well as the generation of antidrug antibodies.

Ongoing phase 2 clinical trials are evaluating the combination of LMB‐100 plus pembrolizumab in patients with treatment‐refractory mesothelioma and non–small cell lung cancer.
Heterogeneous expression of dopaminergic markers and Vglut2 in mouse mesodiencephalic dopaminergic nuclei A8–A13
Authors: Fougère Maxime , van der Zouwen Cornelis Immanuel , Boutin Joël , Ryczko Dimitri 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCo‐transmission of glutamate by brain dopaminergic (DA) neurons was recently proposed as a potential factor influencing cell survival in models of Parkinson's disease. Intriguingly, brain DA nuclei are differentially affected in Parkinson's disease. Whether this is associated with different patterns of co‐expression of the glutamatergic phenotype along the rostrocaudal brain axis is unknown in mammals. We hypothesized that, as in zebrafish, the glutamatergic phenotype is present preferentially in the caudal mesodiencephalic DA nuclei. Here, we used in mice a cell fate mapping strategy based on reporter protein expression (ZsGreen) consecutive to previous expression of the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (Vglut2) gene, coupled with immunofluorescence experiments against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or dopamine transporter (DAT). We found three expression patterns in DA cells, organized along the rostrocaudal brain axis. The first pattern (TH‐positive, DAT‐positive, ZsGreen‐positive) was found in A8–A10. The second pattern (TH‐positive, DAT‐negative, ZsGreen‐positive) was found in A11. The third pattern (TH‐positive, DAT‐negative, ZsGreen‐negative) was found in A12–A13. These patterns should help to refine the establishment of the homology of DA nuclei between vertebrate species. Our results also uncover that Vglut2 is expressed at some point during cell lifetime in DA nuclei known to degenerate in Parkinson's disease and largely absent from those that are preserved, suggesting that co‐expression of the glutamatergic phenotype in DA cells influences their survival in Parkinson's disease.
Enhancement ofreal‐timegrasp detection by cascaded deep convolutional neural networks
Authors: Weng Yaoqing , Sun Ying , Jiang Du , Tao Bo , Liu Ying , Yun Juntong , Zhou Dalin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRobot grasping technology is a hot spot in robotics research. In relatively fixed industrialized scenarios, using robots to perform grabbing tasks is efficient and lasts a long time. However, in an unstructured environment, the items are diverse, the placement posture is random, and multiple objects are stacked and occluded each other, which makes it difficult for the robot to recognize the target when it is grasped and the grasp method is complicated. Therefore, we propose an accurate, real‐time robot grasp detection method based on convolutional neural networks. A cascaded two‐stage convolutional neural network model with course to fine position and attitude was established. The R‐FCN model was used as the extraction of the candidate frame of the picking position for screening and rough angle estimation, and aiming at the insufficient accuracy of the previous methods in pose detection, an Angle‐Net model is proposed to finely estimate the picking angle. Tests on the Cornell dataset and online robot experiment results show that the method can quickly calculate the optimal gripping point and posture for irregular objects with arbitrary poses and different shapes. The accuracy and real‐time performance of the detection have been improved compared to previous methods.
Stabilization of the Closed‐Ring Isomer of Spiropyran by Amide Naphthotube in Water and Its Application in Naked‐Eye Detection of Toxic Paraoxon
Authors: Liu Wei‐Er , Quan Mao , Zhou Hang , Yang Liu‐Pan , Au‐Yeung H. Y. , Jiang Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe thermodynamically unstable, colourless closed‐ring isomer of spiropyran can be stabilized in water by the anti‐configurational isomer of amide naphthotube. The influence of the binding on the thermodynamics and kinetics of spiropyran have been studied. The complex was further used to prepare a test paper that allows naked‐eye detection of toxic paraoxon.
Economic policy uncertainty, stakeholder engagement, and environmental, social, and governance practices: The moderating effect of competition
Authors: Vural‐Yavaş Çiğdem 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the effect of the economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on corporate environmental, social, and governance practices (ESG), using 6,562 firm‐year observations from 15 developed European countries covering the period from 2004 to 2017. The results show that during periods of high uncertainty, firms increase their overall ESG performance, corporate environmental performance, and performance in governance. The relationship is valid for emission, resource use, workforce, management, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy subdimensions of ESG. Furthermore, during periods of high uncertainty, firms operating in concentrated industries increase their overall ESG activities and corporate environmental performance. These results suggest that firms use ESG practices as risk‐reducing activities like insurance, during high periods of uncertainty. Overall, consistent with the stakeholder theory, the results indicate that firms increase their ESG practices not only to reduce corporate risk‐taking but also to follow value‐increasing activities during periods of high uncertainty, implying an improved stakeholder engagement.
Field trials of chemical suppression of embryonic cane toads (Rhinella marina) by older conspecifics
Authors: McCann Samantha , Crossland Michael , Greenlees Matthew , Shine Richard 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Laboratory experiments have shown that the viability of embryos of the invasive cane toad (Rhinella marina) can be reduced by exposure to chemical cues from older conspecific larvae. These effects (very strong in laboratory trials) may offer an exciting new approach to controlling this problematic invasive species in Australia. However, the degree to which the method works in natural environments has yet to be assessed.

Our experiments in the laboratory and in seminatural outdoor waterbodies show that chemical cues from tadpoles do indeed suppress the growth, development, and survival of conspecific larvae that are exposed as embryos and do so in a dose‐dependent manner; higher tadpole densities cause greater suppression of embryos.

In seminatural outdoor waterbodies, suppressor‐exposed tadpoles were less than half as likely to survive to metamorphosis as were controls, and were much smaller when they did so and hence, less likely to survive the metamorph stage. Additionally, female cane toads were less likely to oviposit in a waterbody containing free‐ranging (but not cage‐enclosed) tadpoles, suggesting that the presence of tadpoles (rather than the chemical cues they produce) may discourage oviposition.

Broadly, our results suggest that the suppression effect documented in laboratory studies does indeed occur in the field also, and hence that we may be able to translate that approach to develop new and more effective ways to reduce rates of recruitment of peri‐urban populations of cane toads in their invasive range.