bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NRF2‐dependent stress defense in tumor antioxidant control and immune evasion
Authors: Friedmann Angeli José Pedro , Meierjohann Svenja 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe transcription factor NRF2 is known as the master regulator of the oxidative stress response. Tumor entities presenting oncogenic activation of NRF2, such as lung adenocarcinoma, are associated with drug resistance, and accumulating evidence demonstrates its involvement in immune evasion. In other cancer types, the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway is not commonly mutated, but NRF2 is activated by other means such as radiation, oncogenic activity, cytokines, or other pro‐oxidant triggers characteristic of the tumor niche. The obvious effect of stress‐activated NRF2 is the protection from oxidative or electrophilic damage and the adaptation of the tumor metabolism to changing conditions. However, data from melanoma also reveal a role of NRF2 in modulating differentiation and suppressing anti‐tumor immunity. This review summarizes the function of NRF2 in this tumor entity and discusses the implications for current tumor therapies.
Physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness—A ten‐year follow‐up
Authors: Bahls Martin , Ittermann Till , Ewert Ralf , Stubbe Beate , Völzke Henry , Friedrich Nele , Felix Stephan B. , Dörr Marcus 
Published: November 2020

Physical activity (PA) may influence cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Yet, PA takes place in different domains (i.e., sports‐related physical activity [SPA], leisure time related physical activity [LTPA], and work‐related physical activity [WPA]) and not all domain‐specific PA may help to maintain high CRF levels throughout life. We assessed the relationship between changes in domain‐specific PA and the age‐related decline in CRF. We analyzed data of 353 men (median age 50 years; inter‐quartile range [IQR] 40 to 60) and 335 women (median age 50 years; IQR 41 to 59) with data for domain‐specific PA as well as CRF testing measured ten years apart. CRF was assessed with cardiorespiratory exercise testing. Domain‐specific PA was measured using the Baecke questionnaire. During the 10‐year follow‐up, CRF decreased in men from 29.3 (IQR 25.0 to 34.7) mL/min/kg to 24.3 (IQR 20.8 to 27.3) mL/min/kg. In women, CRF declined from 26.0 (IQR 21.0 to 30.9) to 21.4 (IQR 18.3 to 25.6) mL/min/kg. A one point higher SPA at baseline was related to a 1.14 (95% confidence interval [CI] −1.50 to −0.53) mL/min/kg greater decrease in VO2peak. A one point greater SPA and LTPA over time was associated with a 1.68 (95% CI 1.06 to 2.29) mL/min/kg and 1.24 (95% CI 0.57 to 1.90) mL/min/kg lower decrease in VO2peak, respectively. Neither baseline values nor changes of WPA were associated with CRF. Sports and leisure time related PA may attenuate the age‐related decline in CRF.
Maintaining adequate donations and a sustainable blood supply: Lessons learned
Authors: Gammon Richard R. , Rosenbaum Lizabeth , Cooke Rhonda , Friedman Mark , Rockwood Linda , Nichols Tracie , Vossoughi Sarah 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe availability of a safe blood supply is a key component of transfusion medicine. A decade of decreased blood use, decreased payment for products, and a dwindling donor base have placed the sustainability of the US blood supply at risk.Study Design and MethodsA literature review was performed for blood center (BC) and hospital disaster management, chronically transfusion‐dependent diseases, and appropriate use of group O‐negative red blood cells (RBCs), and the Choosing Wisely campaign. The aim was to identify current practice and to make recommendations for BC and hospital actions.ResultsWhile BCs are better prepared to handle disasters than after the 9/11 attacks, messaging to the public remains difficult, as donors often do not realize that blood transfused during a disaster was likely collected before the event. BCs and transfusion services should participate in drafting disaster response plans. Hospitals should maintain inventories adequate for patients in the event supply is disrupted. Providing specialty products for transfusion‐dependent patients can strain collections, lead to increased use of group O RBCs, and create logistical inventory challenges for hospitals. The AABB Choosing Wisely initiative addresses overuse of blood components to optimally use this precious resource. Group O‐negative RBCs should be transfused only to patients who truly need them.ConclusionsCollecting and maintaining a blood supply robust enough to handle disasters and transfusion‐dependent patients in need of specialty products is challenging. Collaboration of all parties should help to optimize resources, ensure appropriate collections, improve patient care, and ultimately result in a robust, sustainable blood supply.
Towards HCV elimination among people who inject drugs in Hai Phong, Vietnam: study protocol for an effectiveness-implementation trial evaluating an integrated model of HCV care (DRIVE-C: DRug use & Infections in ViEtnam–hepatitis C)
Authors: Rapoud Delphine , Quillet Catherine , Pham Minh Khue , Vu Hai Vinh , Nguyen Thanh Binh , Nham Thi Tuyet Thanh , Tran Thi Hong , Molès Jean-Pierre , Vallo Roselyne , Michel Laurent , Feelemyer Jonathan , Weiss Laurence , Lemoine Maud , Vickerman Peter , Fraser Hannah , Duong Thi Huong , Khuat Thi Hai Oanh , Des Jarlais Don , Nagot Nicolas , Laureillard Didier 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionIn Vietnam, people who inject drugs (PWID), who are the major population infected by hepatitis C virus (HCV), remain largely undiagnosed and unlinked to HCV prevention and care despite recommended universal hepatitis C treatment. The data on the outcomes of HCV treatment among PWID also remain limited in resource-limited settings. The DRug use & Infections in ViEtnam–hepatitis C (DRIVE-C) study examines the effectiveness of a model of hepatitis C screening and integrated care targeting PWID that largely uses community-based organisations (CBO) in Hai Phong, Vietnam. In a wider perspective, this model may have the potential to eliminate HCV among PWID in this city.Methods and analysisThe model of care comprises large community-based mass screening, simplified treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) and major involvement of CBO for PWID reaching out, linkage to care, treatment adherence and prevention of reinfection. The effectiveness of DAA care strategy among PWID, the potential obstacles to widespread implementation and its impact at population level will be assessed. A cost-effectiveness analysis is planned to further inform policy-makers. The enrolment target is 1050 PWID, recruited from the DRIVE study in Hai Phong. After initiation of pan-genotypic treatment consisting of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir administrated for 12 weeks, with ribavirin added in cases of cirrhosis, participants are followed-up for 48 weeks. The primary outcome is the proportion of patients with sustained virological response at week 48, that will be compared with a theoretical expected rate of 70%.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by Haiphong University of Medicine and Pharmacy's Ethics Review Board and the Vietnamese Ministry of Health. The sponsor and the investigators are committed to conducting this study in accordance with ethics principles contained in the World Medical Association's Declaration of Helsinki (Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects). Informed consent is obtained before study enrolment. The data are anonymised and stored in a secure database. The study is ongoing. Results will be presented at international conferences and submitted to international peer-review journals.Trial registration numberNCT03537196.
Evaluation of a wearable wireless device with artificial intelligence, iThermonitor WT705, for continuous temperature monitoring for patients in surgical wards: a prospective comparative study
Authors: Liu Yuwei , Liu Changqing , Gao Min , Wang Yan , Bai Yangjing , Xu Ruihua , Gong Renrong 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate a new-generation, non-invasive, wireless axillary thermometer with artificial intelligence, iThermonitor (WT705, Raiing Medical, Beijing, China), and to ascertain its feasibility for perioperative continuous body temperature monitoring in surgical patients.SettingDepartments of Biliary Surgery and Operating Room and the post-anaesthesia care unit of a university teaching hospital in Chengdu, China.ParticipantsA total of 526 adult surgical patients were consecutively enrolled.DesignThis was a prospective observational study. Axillary temperatures were continuously recorded with iThermonitor throughout the whole perioperative period. The temperatures of the contralateral armpit were measured with mercury thermometers at 8:00, 12:00, 16:00 and 20:00 every day and were used as references.Outcome measuresThe outcomes were the accuracy and precision of the temperatures measured with iThermonitor, the validity to detect fever and the feasibility of continuous wear. Pairs of temperatures were evaluated with Student’s t-test, Pearson’s correlation and repeated-measures Bland-Altman plot.ResultsA total of 3621 pairs of body temperatures were obtained. The temperatures measured with iThermonitor agreed with those measured with the mercury thermometers overall, with a mean difference of 0.03°C±0.35°C and a moderate correlation (r=0.755, p<0.001). The 95% limits of agreement (LoA) ranged from −0.63°C to 0.73°C, with 5.11% of the differences outside the 95% LoA. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.753. Continuous temperature monitoring captured more fevers than intermittent observation (117/526 vs 91/526, p<0.001), detected fever up to 4.35 hours earlier, and captured a higher peak temperature (0.29°C±0.27°C, 95% CI: 0.26–0.31). All subjects felt that wearing iThermonitor was more or less comfortable and did not affect their daily activities.ConclusionsiThermonitor is promising for continuous remote temperature monitoring in surgical patients. However, further developments are still needed to improve the precision of this device, especially for temperature detection in underweight patients and those with lower body temperature.Trial registration numberChiCTR1900024549; Results (registered on 5 July 2019).
Predicting treatment outcomes for bilinguals with aphasia using computational modeling: Study protocol for the PROCoM randomised controlled trial
Authors: Peñaloza Claudia , Dekhtyar Maria , Scimeca Michael , Carpenter Erin , Mukadam Nishaat , Kiran Swathi 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionBilinguals with aphasia (BWA) present varying degrees of lexical access impairment and recovery across their two languages. Because both languages may benefit from therapy, identifying the optimal target language for treatment is a current challenge for research and clinical practice. Prior research has demonstrated that the BiLex computational model can accurately simulate lexical access in healthy bilinguals, and language impairment and treatment response in bilingual aphasia. Here, we aim to determine whether BiLex can predict treatment outcomes in BWA in the treated and the untreated language and compare these outcome predictions to determine the optimal language for rehabilitation.Methods and analysisThe study involves a prospective parallel-group, double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Forty-eight Spanish–English BWA will receive 20 sessions of semantic treatment for lexical retrieval deficits in one of their languages and will complete assessments in both languages prior and after treatment. Participants will be randomly assigned to an experimental group receiving treatment in the optimal language determined by the model or a control group receiving treatment in the language opposite to the model’s recommendation. Primary treatment outcomes include naming probes while secondary treatment outcomes include tests tapping additional language domains. Treatment outcomes will be compared across the two groups using 2×2 mixed effect models for repeated measures Analysis of variance (ANOVA) on metrics of treatment effects commonly employed in rehabilitation studies (ie, effect size and percentage change).Ethics and disseminationAll procedures included in this protocol (protocol number 29, issue date: 19 March 2019) were approved by the Boston University Charles River Campus Institutional Review Board at Boston, Massachusetts (reference number: 4492E). The results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals and will be presented at national and international conferences.Trial registration numberNCT02916524.
Challenges, experience and coping of health professionals in delivering healthcare in an urban slum in India during the first 40 days of COVID-19 crisis: a mixed method study
Authors: George Carolin Elizabeth , Inbaraj Leeberk Raja , Rajukutty Shon , de Witte Luc P 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesTo describe the initial dilemmas, mental stress, adaptive measures implemented and how the healthcare team collectively coped while providing healthcare services in a large slum in India, during the COVID-19 pandemic.SettingCommunity Health Division, Bangalore Baptist Hospital, Bangalore.Study designWe used mixed methods research with a quantitative (QUAN) paradigm nested in the primary qualitative (QUAL) design. QUAL methods included ethnography research methods, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions.ParticipantsA healthcare team of doctors, nurses, paramedical and support staff. Out of 87 staff, 42 participated in the QUAL methods and 64 participated in the QUAN survey.ResultsBeing cognizant of the extreme vulnerability of the slums, the health team struggled with conflicting thoughts of self-preservation and their moral obligation to the marginalised section of society. Majority (75%) of the staff experienced fear at some point in time. Distracting themselves with hobbies (20.3%) and spending more time with family (39.1%) were cited as a means of emotional regulation by the participants in the QUAN survey. In the QUAL interviews, fear of death, the guilt of disease transmission to their loved ones, anxiety about probable violence and stigma in the slums and exhaustion emerged as the major themes causing stress among healthcare professionals. With positive cognitive reappraisal, the health team collectively designed and implemented adaptive interventions to ensure continuity of care. They dealt with the new demands by positive reframing, peer support, distancing, information seeking, response efficacy, self-efficacy, existential goal pursuit, value adherence and religious coping.ConclusionThe novel threat of the COVID-19 pandemic threw insurmountable challenges potentiating disastrous consequences; slums becoming a threat to themselves, threat to the health providers and a threat for all. Perhaps, a lesson we could learn from this pandemic is to incorporate ‘slum health’ within universal healthcare.
Karyotype Characterisation of Two Australian Dragon Lizards (Squamata: Agamidae: Amphibolurinae) Reveals Subtle Chromosomal Rearrangements Between Related Species with Similar Karyotypes
Authors: Alam Shayer M.I. , Sarre Stephen D. , Georges Arthur , Ezaz Tariq 
Published: November 2020

Agamid lizards (Squamata: Agamidae) are karyotypically heterogeneous. Among the 101 species currently described from Australia, all are from the subfamily Amphibolurinae. This group is, with some exceptions, karyotypically conserved, and all species involving heterogametic sex show female heterogamety. Here, we describe the chromosomes of 2 additional Australian agamid lizards, <i>Tympanocryptis lineata</i> and <i>Rankinia diemensis</i>. These species are phylogenetically and cytogenetically sisters to the well-characterised <i>Pogona vitticeps,</i> but their sex chromosomes and other chromosomal characteristics are unknown. In this study, we applied advanced molecular cytogenetic techniques, such as fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) and cross-species gene mapping, to characterise chromosomes and to identify sex chromosomes in these species. Our data suggest that both species have a conserved karyotype with <i>P. vitticeps</i> but with subtle rearrangements in the chromosomal landscapes. We could identify that <i>T. lineata</i> possesses a female heterogametic system (ZZ/ZW) with a pair of sex microchromosomes, while <i>R. diemensis</i> may have heterogametic sex chromosomes, but this requires further investigations. Our study shows the pattern of chromosomal rearrangements between closely related species, explaining the speciation within Australian agamid lizards of similar karyotypes.
Possibilidades de atuação para as organizações no universo científico brasileiro: estudo de caso do Grupo Claudino
Authors: Fortaleza Keynayanna Késsia Costa 
Published: November 2020

A sociedade brasileira passa por um momento extremamente delicado no que diz respeito ao reconhecimento, a importância social e a validação de projetos ligados ao universo científico. Divulgar a ciência e seus resultados positivos para a vida em sociedade tornou-se um grande desafio para a classe científica do país. Diante desta realidade, este artigo se caracteriza como bibliográfico (STUMPF, 2005) e documental (MOREIRA, 2005) e tem como objetivo explorar como as organizações, enquanto agentes sociais diretos nas comunidades onde atuam podem investir e beneficiar a ciência no Brasil. O estudo de caso se dará junto a um conglomerado sediado no Piauí, o Grupo Claudino, que desde a década de 1970 investe em projetos de ordem educativos, sociais e científicos. Para fundamentar teoricamente essa reflexão, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica embasada nos seguintes autores dos campos da Comunicação, Educação e Jornalismo Científico: Burkett (1990), Bacegga (2009), Citelli (2009), Lima ( 2017), Kaplún (1998), dentre outros pesquisadores do tema.
Central Command and the Regulation of Exercise Heart Rate Response in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Sarma Satyam , Howden Erin , Lawley Justin , Samels Mitchel , Levine Benjamin D. 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Chronotropic incompetence is common in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and is linked to impaired aerobic capacity. Whether upstream autonomic signaling pathways responsible for raising exercise heart rate are impaired in HFpEF is unknown. We investigated the integrity of central command and muscle metaboreceptor function, 2 predominant mechanisms responsible for exertional increases in heart rate, in patients with HFpEF and senior controls.

Methods:

Fourteen healthy senior controls (7 men, 7 women) and 20 carefully screened patients with HFpEF (8 men, 12 women) underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing (peak V
o
2
) and static handgrip exercise at 40% of maximal voluntary contraction to fatigue with postexercise circulatory arrest for 2 minutes to assess central command and metaboreceptor function, respectively.

Results:

Peak V
o
2
(13.1±3.4 versus 22.7±4.0 mL/kg/min;
P
<0.001) and heart rate (122±20 versus 155±14 bpm;
P
<0.001) were lower in patients with HFpEF than senior controls. There were no significant differences in peak heart rate response during static handgrip between groups (patients with HFpEF versus controls: 90±13 versus 93±10 bpm;
P
=0.49). Metaboreceptor function, defined as mean arterial blood pressure at the end of postexercise circulatory arrest, was not significantly different between groups.

Conclusions:
Central command (vagally mediated) and metaboreceptor function (sympathetically mediated) in patients with HFpEF were not different from those in healthy senior controls despite significantly lower peak whole-body exercise heart rates. These results demonstrate key reflex autonomic pathways regulating exercise heart rate responsiveness are intact in HFpEF.
covid-19 and the Role of the Security Council as Global Health Peacekeeper
Authors: Kondoch Boris 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The covid-19 pandemic has become one of the greatest challenges the world has faced since the founding of the United Nations. The following article provides a short overview, which addresses the United Nations’ efforts in minimizing the negative impact of the virus on peace and security by focusing on the potential role of the Security Council from a normative perspective.
Evaluation of cervical maturity by cervical collagen measurement using light-induced fluorescence (LIF) during pregnancy
Authors: Zheng Zheng , Di Xiaodan , Wang Lele , Zhang Weijuan , Feng Yan , Shi Shao-Qing , Garfield Robert E , Liu Huishu 
Published: November 2020

Objective The study aimed to evaluate cervical ripening by measuring cervical collagen levels in non-pregnant women, women with a normal pregnancy, and postpartum women by light-induced fluorescence (LIF). Methods Cervical collagen content in normal pregnant women (n = 165) at various times of gestation was measured by LIF with a collascope, which is specifically designed to measure fluorescence of collagen. Cervical LIF in non-pregnant women (n = 12) and postpartum women (n = 14) was also detected. The demographic characteristics of women at various times were recorded. The Bishop score at 40 to 41 gestational weeks (n = 37) before the onset of labor was analyzed. Results Cervical LIF values progressively declined from the non-pregnant state to late gestation (R = −0.836) and reached their lowest levels during parturition and then increased at postpartum. LIF values and the Bishop score were significantly negatively correlated (R = −0.83). In patients with a Bishop score ≥6, the first stage of labor was shortened with a decrease in LIF values (R = 0.718). Conclusions Cervical collagen levels as measured by LIF could be a useful method for evaluating cervical maturity.