bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predation as an explanation for a latitudinal gradient in arm number among featherstars
Authors: Saulsbury James G. , Baumiller Tomasz K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimThe role of biotic interactions in generating broad patterns in organismal phenotypes is a central question in macroecology. We investigate global patterns in feeding morphology among featherstars, a globally widespread group of suspension‐feeding echinoderms whose evolutionary history has been demonstrably shaped by predators.LocationWorld's oceans.TaxonCrinoidea.MethodsWe tested for global patterns in the featherstar suspension‐feeding apparatus, a filter made up of 5–200 arms which is the main interface with predators. We investigate a geospatial dataset of 23,950 occurrences in 442 species using statistical analyses including quantile regression and a new permutation‐based phylogenetic comparative approach appropriate for testing for a broad range of patterns in data with strange distributions.ResultsWe find that featherstars exhibit a latitudinal gradient in arm number: arm number is both greater on average and more variable between species at lower latitudes. This pattern holds across depths and hemispheres and is not a spurious result of either the latitudinal diversity gradient or phylogenetic autocorrelation. Tropical featherstars that conceal themselves have fewer arms, and also appear to experience less intense predation.Main conclusionsTemperature, primary productivity and substrate type do not adequately explain the latitudinal gradient in arm number. We attribute it instead to a corresponding gradient in predation intensity: many armed featherstars can withstand more intense arm loss to predators. Concealment and other alternate solutions to the problem of predation, along with reproductive costs associated with having many arms, explain why the trend is wedge‐shaped rather than linear. Our findings constitute a latitudinal gradient in functional diversity, paralleling recent findings in other taxa. The gradient may be a consequence of shallow tropical reefs; inasmuch as reefs as centres of biotic interactions promote functional richness, changes in the distribution of reefs through deep time probably entailed shifts in the global deployment of ecological diversity.
Red elemental selenium (Se0) improves the immunoactivities of EPC cells, crucian carp and zebrafish against spring viraemia of carp virus
Authors: Tian Jinbao , Zhang Yong , Zhu Rong , Wu Yeqing , Liu Xiaoxiao , Wang Xingguo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSelenium, as an essential trace element, interferes through selenoproteins in many physiological processes of plants and mammals. Its antiviral activity has recently attracted much attention because selenium improves the antiviral capacity of animal cells against a few viruses relevant to human diseases. In this study, the red elemental selenium was purified from the fermentative culture of Herbaspirillum camelliae WT00C and then used to culture epithelioma papulosum cyprinid (EPC) cells or feed crucian carp and zebrafish. Finally, its antiviral effects were investigated at the cell level and living fishes after spring viraemia of carp virus infection. At the cell level, 5, 10 and 20 μg ml–1 red elemental selenium significantly induced the expression of interferon (IFN) and ISG15 genes in EPC cells. The viral TCID50 (50% tissue culture infective dose) values in the EPC cells incubated with 5, 10 and 20 μg ml–1 red elemental selenium were significantly less than those of the control. More expression of IFN and ISG15 genes and less TCID50 values indicate that red elemental selenium indeed improves the antiviral capability of EPC cells. In the crucian carp fed with the food containing 5 and 10 μg g–1 red elemental selenium, IFN expressions showed 13‐ and 39‐fold increases at the 16th day of post‐injection, and its expression was dependent on selenium concentrations. Meanwhile, no fish death occurred in all the experimental groups. In the zebrafish fed with the red worm containing 5 μg g–1 red elemental selenium, IFN and Mx expressions and survival rate were significantly higher than those of the control. The results of this study show that red elemental selenium indeed improves the antiviral activity of fish. The antiviral effects of selenium mainly come from its immune regulation through its incorporation into selenoproteins. The optimum level of selenium contributes to improving fish immunity, whereas excess selenium causes excessive immune and inflammatory responses.
Impact of ductal interventions on diabetes in patients with chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Talukdar Rupjyoti , Reddy D Nageshwar , Tandan Manu , Gupta Rajesh , Lakhtakia Sundeep , Ramchandani Mohan , Kalapala Rakesh , Basha Jahangeer , Nabi Zaheer , Reddy Manohar , Darishetty Santosh , Koppoju Vinod , Pradeep R , Rao G Venkat 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and AimEven though ductal interventions in chronic pancreatitis (CP) are known to improve pain, its impact on diabetes is unclear. In this cohort study, we evaluated the impact of ductal interventions on diabetes in these patients.MethodsConsecutive patients with CP visiting the pancreas clinic between August 1, 2011, and July 21, 2012, were enrolled and followed until December 2018. Detailed clinical, laboratory, imaging, and treatment data were recorded at enrolment and follow‐up. Patients were followed up every 6 months through hospital visit and/or telephonic interview. Risk factors for diabetes were evaluated using logistic regression. The impact of ductal interventions on diabetes was evaluated using Kaplan–Meier survival analyses and Cox proportional hazards.ResultsA total of 644 patients were enrolled of which 137 were excluded. Of these, 326 (64.3%) patients had idiopathic CP, and 283 (55.8%) patients underwent ductal intervention. The cumulative incidence of diabetes was 57.9%. Median duration between symptom onset and ductal intervention was similar irrespective of diabetes (2.6 [0.6–6.0] vs 3.0 [1.0–5.5] years; P = 0.69). Alcohol intake and pancreatic ductal calculi were independent risk factors for diabetes (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] of 2.05 (1.18–3.55), P = 0.01, and 2.05 (1.28–3.28), P = 0.003, respectively). Kaplan–Meier analyses revealed that diabetes free interval was significantly longer in patients undergoing ductal interventions, predominantly in those with idiopathic CP with obstructive ductal calculi (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] 0.39 [0.28–0.55]; P < 0.0001). There were no differences in glycemic status in patients with non‐idiopathic CP and those with pre‐existing diabetes.ConclusionEarly ductal intervention could delay development of diabetes in patients with idiopathic CP with obstructive ductal calculi.
Enhanced gemcitabine cytotoxicity with knockdown of multidrug resistance protein genes in human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines
Authors: Yang Jiaqi , Sontag David , Gong Yuewen , Minuk Gerald Y 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and AimCholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an often fatal primary cancer of the liver that tends to be resistant to chemotherapy. Multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs) contribute to the chemoresistance of these tumors. The objectives of the study were to document MRP expression profiles in two representative human intrahepatic and extrahepatic CCA cells lines (HuCCT1 and KMBC, respectively) and gemcitabine‐induced cytotoxicity prior to and following MRP knockdown.MethodsMultidrug resistance protein mRNA and protein expression were documented by real‐time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and western blots, respectively. MRP knockdown was achieved with lentivirus small hairpin RNA constructs.ResultsPrior to gemcitabine exposure, MRP1, MRP2, MRP4, MRP5, and MRP6 mRNA were expressed in HuCCT1 cells and MRP1, MRP3, MRP4, and MRP5 in KMBC cells. Following gemcitabine exposure, MRP5 and MRP6 expressions were significantly upregulated in HuCCT1 cells and MRP5 in KMBC cells. In HuCCT1 cells, although MRP5 knockdown had no effect, MRP6 knockdown significantly increased gemcitabine‐induced cytotoxicity. In KMBC cells, MRP5 knockdown significantly increased gemcitabine cytotoxicity.ConclusionsInhibition of MRP6 expression in intra‐hepatic and MRP5 in extra‐hepatic should be explored as potential treatments for CCA in humans.
Work‐related helping and family functioning: A work–home resources perspective
Authors: Aw Sherry S. Y. , Ilies Remus , Li Xinxin , Bakker Arnold B. , Liu Xiao‐Yu 
Published: October 2020

Using the work–home resources (W‐HR) model as an overarching framework, our study seeks to examine the interplay between employees’ provision and receipt of interpersonal organizational citizenship behaviours (OCB‐I; i.e. helping behaviours), and its spillover effects on two family outcomes (family performance and marital withdrawal behaviours). Further, we simultaneously test resource depletion (emotional exhaustion) and resource generation (personal accomplishment) mechanisms linking OCB‐Is and the family domain. Based on a time‐lagged, dual‐source study of 320 employees, we found that OCB‐I enactment is positively related to both exhaustion (only for those who receive low OCB‐Is from colleagues) and personal accomplishment at work (regardless of OCB‐I receipt), which interferes with and enriches employees’ family lives, respectively. We discuss the theoretical contributions of these findings to OCB research and the W‐HR model.Practitioner Points

Employees should realize that offering help at work can both enrich and hinder family life.

Organizations could cultivate a culture of support and reciprocity to dampen the effect of helping at work on exhaustion and the ensuing negative consequences for family functioning.
Do intra‐articular injections of analgesics improve outcomes after temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis?: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Siyan , Hu Yingshun , Zhang Xiao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesIntra‐articular analgesics are increasingly being used after temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthrocentesis but without clear evidence on its efficacy. The aim of this study was to review the role of intra‐articular analgesic injected after TMJ arthrocentesis in improving post‐operative outcomes.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Scopus, BioMed Central, CENTRAL and Google Scholar databases were searched from inception up to 15th April 2020. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on adult patients with temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) comparing any intra‐articular analgesic with control after arthrocentesis were included. Risk of bias was assessed by Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias‐2 tool.ResultsNine RCTs were included. Four studies used non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and five used opioids after arthrocentesis. Descriptive analysis of NSAID studies indicated that intra‐articular NSAIDs may not improve pain and maximal mouth opening (MMO) after TMJ arthrocentesis. Meta‐analysis indicated a statistically significant reduction of pain with the use of opioids at 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 months. Similarly, MMO was significantly improved with intra‐articular opioids at 1 week, 1 and 6 months. Data were analysed from a limited number of studies with a small sample size. The quality of the included studies was low.ConclusionsLow‐quality evidence suggests that intra‐articular NSAIDs may have no effect on pain and MMO after TMJ arthrocentesis. Intra‐articular opioids may improve pain and MMO at short‐term follow‐up. Results are to be interpreted with caution considering several limitations of the review. Further high‐quality trials with large sample size are needed to provide better evidence.
Dietary phosphorus restriction affects bone metabolism, vitamin D metabolism and rumen fermentation traits in sheep
Authors: Köhler Oriana M. , Grünberg Walter , Schnepel Nadine , Muscher‐Banse Alexandra S. , Rajaeerad Abbas , Hummel Jürgen , Breves Gerhard , Wilkens Mirja R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHomeostasis of calcium (Ca) and phosphate (Pi) is maintained by a concerted interplay of absorption and reabsorption via the gastrointestinal tract and the kidney and by storage and mobilization from the bone regulated mainly by parathyroid hormone (PTH), 1,25‐dihydroxycholecalciferol and calcitonin. The present study aimed at characterizing the effects of dietary P restriction on bone, vitamin D metabolism and rumen fermentation traits reflecting the endogenous P cycle maintaining the ruminal P supply for microbial metabolism. The experiments were done in eleven female, non‐pregnant, non‐lactating four‐ to nine‐year‐old Black Headed Mutton sheep allotted to two feeding groups: "P‐restricted" (0.11% P/kg DM and 0.88% Ca/kg DM) and "Control" (0.38% P/kg DM and 0.88% Ca/kg DM). Dietary P restriction did not lead to hypophosphataemia, probably due to a compensation by bone mobilization, demonstrated by increased serum concentrations of a resorption marker and altered gene expression in bone tissue. In addition, the RNA expression of fibroblast growth factor 23, a bone‐derived factor involved in the regulation of vitamin D metabolism, was significantly reduced with dietary P restriction. Furthermore, several genes related to vitamin D metabolism and plasma concentrations of 1,25‐(OH)2D were associated with serum concentrations of phosphate (Pi). In the parotid gland, the expression of the Pi transporter NaPi2b was negatively associated with serum Pi and positively with parathyroid PTH expression. Although Pi concentrations in saliva and the gastrointestinal tract were significantly reduced, we found no adverse effects of the P‐restricted ration on the production of short chain fatty acids, but slight differences in the production of butyrate as well as its relationship to rumen Pi and ammonia concentrations that might indicate an impact on ruminal fermentation.
Murrili meteorite’s fall and recovery from Kati Thanda
Authors: Sansom Eleanor K. , Bland Philip A. , Towner Martin C. , Devillepoix Hadrien A.R. , CupÁk Martin , Howie Robert M. , Jansen‐Sturgeon Trent , Cox Morgan A. , Hartig Benjamin A.D. , Paxman Jonathan P. , Benedix Gretchen , Forman Lucy 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOn November 27, 2015, at 10:43:45.526 UTC, a fireball was observed across South Australia by 10 Desert Fireball Network observatories lasting 6.1 s. An ~37 kg meteoroid entered the atmosphere with a speed of 13.68 ± 0.09 km s−1and was observed ablating from a height of 85 km down to 18 km, having slowed to 3.28 ± 0.21 km s−1. Despite the relatively steep 68.5° trajectory, strong atmospheric winds significantly influenced the darkflight phase and the predicted fall line, but the analysis put the fall site in the center of Kati Thanda–Lake Eyre South. Kati Thanda has meters‐deep mud under its salt‐encrusted surface. Reconnaissance of the area where the meteorite landed from a low‐flying aircraft revealed a 60 cm circular feature in the muddy lake, less than 50 m from the predicted fall line. After a short search, which again employed light aircraft, the meteorite was recovered on December 31, 2015 from a depth of 42 cm. Murrili is the first recovered observed fall by the digital Desert Fireball Network (DFN). In addition to its scientific value, connecting composition to solar system context via orbital data, the recovery demonstrates and validates the capabilities of the DFN, with its next generation remote observatories and automated data reduction pipeline.
Migration, pathogens and the avian microbiome: A comparative study in sympatric migrants and residents
Authors: Turjeman Sondra , Corl Ammon , Wolfenden Andrew , Tsalyuk Miriam , Lublin Avishai , Choi Olivia , Kamath Pauline L. , Getz Wayne M. , Bowie Rauri C. K. , Nathan Ran 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAnimals generally benefit from their gastrointestinal microbiome, but the factors that influence the composition and dynamics of their microbiota remain poorly understood. Studies of nonmodel host species can illuminate how microbiota and their hosts interact in natural environments. We investigated the role of migratory behaviour in shaping the gut microbiota of free‐ranging barn swallows (Hirundo rustica) by studying co‐occurring migrant and resident subspecies sampled during the autumn migration at a migratory bottleneck. We found that within‐host microbial richness (α‐diversity) was similar between migrant and resident microbial communities. In contrast, we found that microbial communities (β‐diversity) were significantly different between groups regarding both microbes present and their relative abundances. Compositional differences were found for 36 bacterial genera, with 27 exhibiting greater abundance in migrants and nine exhibiting greater abundance in residents. There was heightened abundance ofMycoplasmaspp. andCorynebacteriumspp. in migrants, a pattern shared by other studies of migratory species. Screens for key regional pathogens revealed that neither residents nor migrants carried avian influenza viruses and Newcastle disease virus, suggesting that the status of these diseases did not underlie observed differences in microbiome composition. Furthermore, the prevalence and abundance ofSalmonellaspp., as determined from microbiome data and cultural assays, were both low and similar across the groups. Overall, our results indicate that microbial composition differs between migratory and resident barn swallows, even when they are conspecific and sympatrically occurring. Differences in host origins (breeding sites) may result in microbial community divergence, and varied behaviours throughout the annual cycle (e.g., migration) could further differentiate compositional structure as it relates to functional needs.
Impact of tolerance to fluconazole on treatment response in Candida albicans bloodstream infection
Authors: Levinson Tal , Dahan Alon , Novikov Anna , Paran Yael , Berman Judith , Ben‐Ami Ronen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundTreatment of Candida albicans bloodstream infection with fluconazole is associated with significant mortality despite in vitro susceptibility to the drug.ObjectivesWe sought to determine whether tolerance to fluconazole is predictive of treatment failure.MethodsWe reviewed patients with monomicrobial C albicans bloodstream infection who received primary monotherapy with fluconazole. Tolerance to fluconazole, defined as the fraction of growth above the MIC, was quantified using the disc diffusion assay and digital image analyses. Survival analyses were performed with host and treatment factors as predictive variables.ResultsAmong 44 patients included in the study, all‐cause mortality was 29.5% at 30 days and 43.1% at 12 weeks. Forty‐one isolates (93%) were susceptible to fluconazole (MIC50, 0.5 mg/L). Fluconazole tolerance was strongly associated with death for patients treated with fluconazole within 24 h of candidemia onset (33.3% vs 0%; p = .007), but not among patients whose treatment was started later. MIC did not correlate with survival, regardless of treatment delay. A Cox regression model including time to treatment, tolerance to fluconazole, fluconazole exposure and Pitt bacteraemia score provided good prediction of treatment outcome (area under the receiver‐operator curve, 0.82).ConclusionsIn patients with C albicans bloodstream infection, tolerance testing was predictive of fluconazole efficacy if the drug was started early. Further study is required to validate the utility of this metric to guide treatment choices.
A simple automated approach to measure mouse whole gut transit
Authors: Kacmaz Halil , Alto Alecia , Knutson Kaitlyn , Linden David R. , Gibbons Simon J. , Farrugia Gianrico , Beyder Arthur 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundGastrointestinal (GI) motility is a complex physiological process that is critical for normal GI function. Disruption of GI motility frequently occurs in GI diseases or as side effects of therapeutics. Whole gut transit measurements, like carmine red leading‐edge transit, in mice form the cornerstone of in vivo preclinical GI motility studies.MethodWe have developed an easily achievable, labor‐saving method to measure whole gut transit time in mice. This approach uses inexpensive, commercially available materials to monitor pellet production over time via high definition cameras capturing time‐lapse video for offline analysis.Key ResultWe describe the assembly of our automated gut transit setup and validate this approach by comparing the results with loperamide to delay transit and conventional transit measurements. We demonstrate that compared to the control group, the loperamide group had slowed transit, evidenced by a decrease in total pellet production and prolonged whole gut transit time. The control group had an extended transit time compared with the results reported in the literature. Whole gut transit rates accelerated to times comparable to the literature by disrupting cages every 10‐15 min to imitate the conventional approach, suggesting that disruption affects the assay and supports the use of an automated approach.Conclusion & InferencesA novel automated, inexpensive, and easily assembled whole gut transit setup is labor‐saving and allows minimal disruption to animal behavior compared with the conventional approach.
Reflections on vital sign measurement in nursing practice
Authors: Connor Nancy , McArthur Deanne , Camargo Plazas Pilar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPhysiological observations or vital sign monitoring is a fundamental tenet of nursing care within an acute care setting. Surveillance of vital signs with algorithmic early warning frameworks aids the nurse in monitoring for early symptoms of clinical deterioration. The nurse must be cognizant of the factors that can influence the vital sign measurements because the framework score is only as reliable as the data inserted. Vital sign technology has made significant progress in its ability to objectify nursing subjective assessments. Early scientists have struggled with its relationship with subjectivity, claiming it has no relevance in true science. Quantitative measurements, regardless of how objectively they were created or obtained, need a subjective lens to interpret and act on the results. The skill of “making” the vital signs can be easily taught or done with technology, but it is the “taking” of the data for analysis of truth and action that requires a higher level of expertise. This paper will examine the truth of vital sign methodology and monitoring to explore the question, “Is true objectivity in the nursing practice of vital sign measurement possible?” The truth in vital sign recognition through a subjective lens will also be explored to challenge the philosophical scientific claims that objective data are the absolute truth.