bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The clinical effect of recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide on asymptomatic peri-procedural myocardial injury after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
Authors: Liang Ling , Tang Rong , Xie Qiang , Han Junyu , Li Weihua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo determine the effect of intravenous injection of recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide (rhBNP) on lowering the incidence of asymptomatic peri-procedural myocardial injury (PMI) in patients who underwent coronary stent implantation. In this retrospective observational study, data pooled from a tertiary hospital electronic medical records were used to quantify the troponin enzyme change after patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) were pretreated with rhBNP infusion one day prior to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The primary end point was to analyze the incidence of the elevated high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I serum levels above the upper normal limit after PCI. A total of 156 CAD patients were enrolled into rhBNP group (n = 76) and control group (n = 80). The incidence of asymptomatic PMI was 33% in the rhBNP group versus 51% in the control group (P = 0.02) after PCI. At eight months, the incidences of composite endpoints were 25.3% in the control group and 13% in the rhBNP group (difference, 12.3 percentage points; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.197 to 1.048; P = 0.061). There were 7 visits in the rhBNP group and 15 visits in the control group for recurrent angina (difference, 10 percentage points; 95% CI 0.168–1.147; P = 0.087). A time-to-event analysis of the composite clinical endpoints and the recurrent angina between the control group and rhBNP group showed that the hazard ratios were 2.566 (95% CI 1.187–5.551; P = 0.017) and 2.607 (95% CI 1.089–6.244; P = 0.032) respectively. The decreased incidence of asymptomatic PMI after PCI and the reduced episodes of recurrent angina at eight months follow-up were associated with the administration of rhBNP infusion prior to PCI.
Sequence polymorphism of the waxy gene in waxy maize accessions and characterization of a new waxy allele
Authors: Luo Meijie , Shi Yaxing , Yang Yang , Zhao Yanxin , Zhang Yunxia , Shi Yamin , Kong Mengsi , Li Chunhui , Feng Zhen , Fan Yanli , Xu Li , Xi Shengli , Lu Baishan , Zhao Jiuran 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWaxy maize has many excellent characteristics in terms of its nutritional and economic value. In recent decades, the waxy maize germplasm has increased dramatically as a result of different selection methods. We collected 200 waxy maize inbred accessions from different origins to study their genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships, and to identify newwaxymutations. A simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis revealed wide genetic diversity among the 200 waxy maize accessions. The maize accessions were clustered into three groups. We sequenced thewaxygene from the first to the 14th exon. Nucleotide variation analysis of 167 waxy maize and 14 flint maize lines revealed some nucleotide differences in thewaxygene among different waxy maize groups, and much narrower nucleotide diversity in waxy maize than in flint maize. In a phylogenetic analysis, waxy maize carrying the same mutation allele clustered together, and waxy maize carrying different mutation alleles distributed in different groups; waxy maize was intermixed with flint maize in each branch, andwx-D7waxy maize separated significantly from waxy maize lines carryingwx-D10, wx-124andwx-hATmutant alleles. Thewx-hATwas a newwaxymutation identified in this study. It consisted of a 2286-bp transposon inserted into the middle of exon three of thewaxygene. A PCR marker specific for thewx-hATallele was developed. These results will be useful for the utilization and preservation of the waxy maize germplasm, and the PCR marker has potential uses in waxy maize breeding programs.
Density-based classification in diabetic retinopathy through thickness of retinal layers from optical coherence tomography
Authors: Mohammed Shariq , Li Tingyang , Chen Xing D. , Warner Elisa , Shankar Anand , Abalem Maria Fernanda , Jayasundera Thiran , Gardner Thomas W. , Rao Arvind 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a severe retinal disorder that can lead to vision loss, however, its underlying mechanism has not been fully understood. Previous studies have taken advantage of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and shown that the thickness of individual retinal layers are affected in patients with DR. However, most studies analyzed the thickness by calculating summary statistics from retinal thickness maps of the macula region. This study aims to apply a density function-based statistical framework to the thickness data obtained through OCT, and to compare the predictive power of various retinal layers to assess the severity of DR. We used a prototype data set of 107 subjects which are comprised of 38 non-proliferative DR (NPDR), 28 without DR (NoDR), and 41 controls. Based on the thickness profiles, we constructed novel features which capture the variation in the distribution of the pixel-wise retinal layer thicknesses from OCT. We quantified the predictive power of each of the retinal layers to distinguish between all three pairwise comparisons of the severity in DR (NoDR vs NPDR, controls vs NPDR, and controls vs NoDR). When applied to this preliminary DR data set, our density-based method demonstrated better predictive results compared with simple summary statistics. Furthermore, our results indicate considerable differences in retinal layer structuring based on the severity of DR. We found that: (a) the outer plexiform layer is the most discriminative layer for classifying NoDR vs NPDR; (b) the outer plexiform, inner nuclear and ganglion cell layers are the strongest biomarkers for discriminating controls from NPDR; and (c) the inner nuclear layer distinguishes best between controls and NoDR.
Wnt signaling mediates oncogenic synergy between Akt and Dlx5 in T-cell lymphomagenesis by enhancing cholesterol synthesis
Authors: Tan Yinfei , Sementino Eleonora , Liu Zemin , Cai Kathy Q. , Testa Joseph R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Dlx5 homeobox gene was first implicated as an oncogene in a T-ALL mouse model expressing myristoylated (Myr) Akt2. Furthermore, overexpression of Dlx5 was sufficient to drive T-ALL in mice by directly activating Akt and Notch signaling. These findings implied that Akt2 cooperates with Dlx5 in T-cell lymphomagenesis. To test this hypothesis, Lck-Dlx5;Lck-MyrAkt2 transgenic mice were generated. MyrAkt2 synergized with Dlx5 to greatly accelerate and enhance the dissemination of T-lymphomagenesis. RNA-seq analysis performed on lymphomas from Lck-Dlx5;Lck-MyrAkt mice revealed upregulation of genes involved in the Wnt and cholesterol biosynthesis pathways. Combined RNA-seq and ChIP-seq analysis of lymphomas from Lck-Dlx5;Lck-MyrAkt mice demonstrated that β-catenin directly regulates genes involved in sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 2 (Srebf2)-cholesterol synthesis. These lymphoma cells had high Lef1 levels and were highly sensitive to β-catenin and Srebf2-cholesterol synthesis inhibitors. Similarly, human T-ALL cell lines with activated NOTCH and AKT and elevated LEF1 levels were sensitive to inhibition of β-catenin and cholesterol pathways. Furthermore, LEF1 expression positively correlated with expression of genes involved in the cholesterol synthesis pathway in primary human T-ALL specimens. Together, these data suggest that targeting β-catenin and/or cholesterol biosynthesis, together with AKT, could have therapeutic efficacy in a subset of T-ALL patients.
Universal field-tunable terahertz emission by ultrafast photoinduced demagnetization in Fe, Ni, and Co ferromagnetic films
Authors: Huang Lin , Lee Sang-Hyuk , Kim Seon-Dae , Shim Je-Ho , Shin Hee Jun , Kim Seongheun , Park Jaehun , Park Seung-Young , Choi Yeon Suk , Kim Hyun-Joong , Hong Jung-Il , Kim Dong Eon , Kim Dong-Hyun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe report a universal terahertz (THz) emission behavior from simple Ni, Fe, and Co metallic ferromagnetic films, triggered by the femtosecond laser pulse and subsequent photoinduced demagnetization on an ultrafast time scale. THz emission behavior in ferromagnetic films is found to be consistent with initial magnetization states controlled by external fields, where the hysteresis of the maximal THz emission signal is observed to be well-matched with the magnetic hysteresis curve. It is experimentally demonstrated that the ultrafast THz emission by the photoinduced demagnetization is controllable in a simple way by external fields as well as pump fluences.
Cerebrospinal fluid sTREM2 in Alzheimer’s disease: comparisons between clinical presentation and AT classification
Authors: Knapskog Anne-Brita , Henjum Kristi , Idland Ane-Victoria , Eldholm Rannveig Sakshaug , Persson Karin , Saltvedt Ingvild , Watne Leiv Otto , Engedal Knut , Nilsson Lars N. G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTriggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is an innate immune receptor expressed by microglia. Its cleaved fragments, soluble TREM2 (sTREM2), can be measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Previous studies indicate higher CSF sTREM2 in symptomatic AD; however most of these studies have included biomarker positive AD cases and biomarker negative controls. The aim of the study was to explore potential differences in the CSF level of sTREM2 and factors associated with an increased sTREM2 level in patients diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia due to AD compared with cognitively unimpaired controls as judged by clinical symptoms and biomarker category (AT). We included 299 memory clinic patients, 62 (20.7%) with AD-MCI and 237 (79.3%) with AD dementia, and 113 cognitively unimpaired controls. CSF measures of the core biomarkers were applied to determine AT status. CSF sTREM2 was analyzed by ELISA. Patients presented with comparable CSF sTREM2 levels as the cognitively unimpaired (9.6 ng/ml [SD 4.7] versus 8.8 ng/ml [SD 3.6], p = 0.27). We found that CSF sTREM2 associated with age-related neuroinflammation and tauopathy irrespectively of amyloid β, APOE ε4 status or gender. The findings were similar in both symptomatic and non-symptomatic individuals.
Characterising a PDMS based 3D cell culturing microfluidic platform for screening chemotherapeutic drug cytotoxic activity
Authors: Khot M. Ibrahim , Levenstein Mark A. , de Boer Greg N. , Armstrong Gemma , Maisey Thomas , Svavarsdottir Hafdis S. , Andrew Helen , Perry Sarah L. , Kapur Nikil , Jayne David G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) spheroidal cell cultures are now recognised as better models of cancers as compared to traditional cell cultures. However, established 3D cell culturing protocols and techniques are time-consuming, manually laborious and often expensive due to the excessive consumption of reagents. Microfluidics allows for traditional laboratory-based biological experiments to be scaled down into miniature custom fabricated devices, where cost-effective experiments can be performed through the manipulation and flow of small volumes of fluid. In this study, we characterise a 3D cell culturing microfluidic device fabricated from a 3D printed master. HT29 cells were seeded into the device and 3D spheroids were generated and cultured through the perfusion of cell media. Spheroids were treated with 5-Fluorouracil for five days through continuous perfusion and cell viability was analysed on-chip at different time points using fluorescence microscopy and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay on the supernatant. Increasing cell death was observed in the HT29 spheroids over the five-day period. The 3D cell culturing microfluidic device described in this study, permits on-chip anti-cancer treatment and viability analysis, and forms the basis of an effective platform for the high-throughput screening of anti-cancer drugs in 3D tumour spheroids.
Mechanistic understanding of the adsorption and thermodynamic aspects of cationic methylene blue dye onto cellulosic olive stones biomass from wastewater
Authors: Al-Ghouti Mohammad A. , Al-Absi Rana S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the current study, the mechanistic understanding of the adsorption isotherm and thermodynamic aspects of cationic methylene blue (MB) dye adsorption onto cellulosic olive stones biomass from wastewater were investigated. The batch adsorption of MB onto the olive stones (black and green olive stones) was tested at a variety of pH, dye concentrations, temperatures, and biomass particle sizes. The adsorption thermodynamics such as Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy changes were also calculated. Moreover, the desorption studies of MB from the spent olive stones were studied to explore the re-usability of the biomasses. The results revealed that under the optimum pH of 10, the maximum MB uptake was achieved i.e. 80.2% for the green olive stones and 70.9% for the black olive stones. The green olive stones were found to be more efficient in remediating higher MB concentrations from water than the black olive stones. The highest MB removal of the green olive stones was achieved at 600 ppm of MB, while the highest MB removal of the black olive stones was observed at 50 ppm of MB. Furthermore, for almost all the concentrations studied (50–1000 ppm), the MB adsorption was the highest at the temperature of 45 °C (P value < 0.05). It was shown by the Fourier transform infrared that the electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding were proposed as dominant adsorption mechanisms at basic and acidic pH, respectively. While the hydrophobic-hydrophobic interaction was a dominant mechanism at neutral pH. The thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption process was endothermic, spontaneous, and favorable. Moreover, the real wastewater experiment and the desorption studies showed that the green and black olive stones were a cost-effective and promising adsorbents for MB remediation from wastewater on account of their high adsorption and desorption removal capacities.
Rapid and economic fabrication approach of dielectric reflectors for energy harvesting applications
Authors: Yepuri Venkatesh , Dubey R. S. , Kumar Brijesh 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDielectric reflectors are the passive components that have their potential demands for various purposes, such as back-end reflector in solar cells, the band pass filters in optical instruments, thermal reflector and so on. Though well-established techniques for manufacturing such reflectors are available, the demand for their low-cost production with a minimum number of coatings has attracted the attention of the scientific community. In this framework, this paper addresses the process optimization for the low-cost and rapid fabrication of dielectric TiO2/SiO2 reflectors with 100% reflectance. Numerous studies are carried out to explore the structural, morphological, and optical characteristics of reflectors. We summarize that the desired reflection band of a selective-wavelength range can be realized by varying the precursor and catalyst concentrations, annealing cycle, and the spin rate. With this, we noticed the shifting of reflection window from the visible (Vis) to near-infrared (NIR) wavelength region using reflectors of merely 2.5 stacks of TiO2/SiO2 films. We also performed the thermal response of the reflector by radiating an infrared light source and observed an exceptional performance indicating its thermal shielding application.
12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate increases cardiomyogenesis through PKC/ERK signaling
Authors: Radaszkiewicz Katarzyna Anna , Beckerová Deborah , Woloszczuková Lucie , Radaszkiewicz Tomasz Witold , Lesáková Petra , Blanářová Olga Vondálová , Kubala Lukáš , Humpolíček Petr , Pachernik Jiří 
Published: September 2020

Abstract12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) is the most widely used diacylglycerol (DAG) mimetic agent and inducer of protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated cellular response in biomedical studies. TPA has been proposed as a pluripotent cell differentiation factor, but results obtained have been inconsistent. In the present study we show that TPA can be applied as a cardiomyogenesis-promoting factor for the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells in vitro. The mechanism of TPA action is mediated by the induction of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity and the subsequent phosphorylation of GATA4 transcription factor. Interestingly, general mitogens (FGF, EGF, VEGF and serum) or canonical WNT signalling did not mimic the effect of TPA. Moreover, on the basis of our results, we postulate that a TPA-sensitive population of cardiac progenitor cells exists at a certain time point (after days 6–8 of the differentiation protocol) and that the proposed treatment can be used to increase the multiplication of ES cell-derived cardiomyocytes.
Down-regulation of miR-361-5p promotes the viability, migration and tube formation of endothelial progenitor cells via targeting FGF1
Authors: Yang Xiaofeng , Song Yanli , Sun Yuexi , Wang Mengmeng , Xiang Yang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Transplantion of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) may be a novel treatment for deep venous thrombosis (DVT). The present study probed into the role of microRNA (miR)-361-5p in EPCs and DVT recanalization. EPCs were isolated from male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats and identified using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. The viability, migration and tube formation of EPCs were examined using MTT assay, wound-healing assay and tube formation assay, respectively. Target gene and potential binding sites between miR-361-5p and fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) were predicted by StarBase and confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Relative expressions of miR-361-5p and FGF1 were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot as needed. A DVT model in SD rats was established to investigate the role of EPC with miR-361-5p antagomir in DVT by Hematoxylin–Eosin (H&E) staining. EPC was identified as 87.1% positive for cluster of difference (CD)31, 2.17% positive for CD133, 85.6% positive for von Willebrand factor (vWF) and 94.8% positive for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2). MiR-361-5p antagomir promoted proliferation, migration and tube formation of EPCs and up-regulated FGF1 expression, thereby dissolving thrombus in the vein of DVT rats. FGF1 was the target of miR-361-5p, and overexpressed FGF1 reversed the effects of up-regulating miR-361-5p on suppressing EPCs. Down-regulation of miR-361-5p enhanced thrombus resolution in vivo and promoted EPC viability, migration and angiogenesis in vitro through targeting FGF1. Therefore, miR-361-5p may be a potential therapeutic target for DVT recanalization.
MiR-25-3p targets PTEN to regulate the migration, invasion, and apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells via the PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Zhang Liang , Tong Zhuang , Sun Zhe , Zhu Guolian , Shen Erdong , Huang Yanfeng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system. MiR-25-3p was proved to be a biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of many cancers. MiR-25-3p was found to be high expressed in the blood of EC patients. The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of miR-25-3p and its target gene on EC.
Methods: miR-25-3p expression in the blood of EC patients and EC cells was detected by RT-qPCR. The target of miR-25-3p was identified by bioinformatics and luciferase reporter assay. After transfection, cell viability, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were detected by MTT, flow cytometry, wound healing, and transwell assays, respectively. The expressions of PTEN, Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved Caspase-3, p-PI3K, PI3K, p-AKT, and AKT were detected by Western blot.
Results: MiR-25-3p was high expressed in the blood of EC patients and EC cells. MiR-25-3p targeted PTEN and inhibited the expression of PTEN. MiR-25-3p mimic increased the viability, migration, invasion and the expressions of Bcl-2, and inhibited the apoptosis and the expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 in EC cells. MiR-25-3p mimic also enhanced the expressions of p-PI3K and p-AKT and the ratios of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT in EC cells. PTEN overexpression not only had an opposite effect of miR-25-3p mimic, but also reversed the effect of miR-25-3p mimic on EC cells.
Conclusion: MiR-25-3p targeted PTEN to promote the migration and invasion, and inhibit apoptosis of EC cells via the PI3K/AKT pathway, which might provide a new therapeutic target for EC treatment.
Diagnostik und Behandlung der hereditären hämorrhagischen Teleangiektasie
Authors: Seebauer Caroline Theresa , Kuehnel Thomas , Uller Wibke , Bohr Christopher , Andorfer Kornelia Elisabeth 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungDie hereditäre hämorrhagische Teleangiektasie (HHT; Morbus Osler-Weber-Rendu; Morbus Osler) ist mit einer weltweiten Prävalenz von 1:5000–8000 eine seltene Erkrankung der Kapillaren, bei der sich arteriovenöse Shunts bilden. Vorwiegend finden sich diese in der Nasenschleimhaut, im Magen-Darm-Trakt, in der Lunge, in der Leber und im zentralen Nervensystem. Leitsymptom der Erkrankung ist die Epistaxis. Die Therapie besteht aus einem mehrstufigen Behandlungskonzept, das neben Nasenpflege und der Lasertherapie in örtlicher Betäubung auch medikamentöse Therapien sowie operative Eingriffe in Vollnarkose umfasst. Zusätzlich erfolgt ein Screening zur Erfassung der Beteiligung innerer Organe in enger interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit mit den entsprechenden Fachabteilungen. Eine Behandlung der Läsionen im Bereich der (Schleim-) Haut, des Magen-Darm-Trakts und der Leber erfolgt symptomorientiert, wohingegen Gefäßmalformationen der Lunge und des zentralen Nervensystems aufgrund potenzieller und zum Teil bedrohlicher Komplikationen gelegentlich auch ohne subjektive Beschwerden behandlungsbedürftig sind.
Bismuth(V)-Mediated C–H Arylation of Phenols and Naphthols
Authors: Ball Liam T. , Senior Aaron 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe recently reported a general and practical strategy for the Bi(V)-mediated C–H arylation of phenols and naphthols. Our telescoped protocol proceeds via transmetallation from readily available arylboronic acids to a stable Bi(III) precursor, oxidation to a reactive Bi(V) intermediate, and subsequent ortho-selective phenol arylation. The process exhibits broad scope with respect to both components and tolerates functionality that is incompatible with conventional cross-coupling methods. Preliminary investigations provide insight into the mechanism of each key reaction step.1	Introduction2	Design of a Modular and Practical Arylating System3	B-to-Bi Transmetallation: Scope and Mechanism4	Oxidative C–H Arylation: Exemplification and Mechanism5	Conclusionsions
Photo-NHC Catalysis: Accessing Ketone Photochemistry with Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Hopkinson Matthew N. , Mavroskoufis Andreas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractExcitation of carbonyl groups is one of the most widely employed activation modes in photochemistry. Many synthetically important transformations, however, are successful only with aldehydes and ketones; substrates at the carboxylic acid oxidation level remain underrepresented. We have developed a conceptually novel strategy for enabling ‘ketone-like’ photochemistry with carboxylic acid derivatives that employs an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organocatalyst. Using this ‘Photo-NHC’ catalysis approach, a proof-of-concept photoenolization/Diels–Alder (PEDA) reaction between acid fluorides and trifluoroacetophenones was developed. Stoichiometric studies and TD-DFT calculations supported a mechanistic scenario in which the NHC influences the absorption wavelength and inherent photochemical reactivity of the carbonyl group during the catalytic cycle.1	Introduction2	Photo-NHC Catalysis3	Conclusions