bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Nonprofit Hospitals Evaluate Their Community Benefit Activities?
Authors: Stabler Henry S. , Begun James W. 
Published: November 2020

Context:
Nonprofit hospitals in the United States are required to conduct a community health needs assessment (CHNA) every 3 years to identify the most pressing health issues in their community and then develop an implementation strategy for addressing these health issues. CHNA reports must include “evaluation of the impact of any actions that were taken to address the significant health needs identified in the immediately preceding CHNA.”

Objective:
To determine whether and how nonprofit hospitals are responding to the requirement to evaluate their implementation strategies addressing their community's priority health needs.

Design:
Using content analysis, we reviewed CHNA reports of all Minnesota nonprofit hospitals (n = 96) since regulations were finalized in December 2014.

Setting:
Nonprofit hospitals in Minnesota.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Reports were coded to determine whether hospitals are responding to the evaluation requirement and the types of evaluation measures (process vs outcome indicators) used to assess hospitals' activities.

Results:
Most of the reports (116 of 136 reports, or 85.3%) include narrative evaluating community benefit programs, showing widespread conformity with the IRS (Internal Revenue Service) mandate. All of the evaluations use process indicators, such as the number of individuals reached. More than half of the evaluations (64 of 116 reports, or 55.2%) also use outcome indicators, with many reporting short- and medium-term changes in health-related knowledge and behaviors. Use of outcome indicators increased substantially in CHNAs in the 2017-2020 period compared with 2015-2016.

Conclusions:
In general, Minnesota hospitals are using program evaluation to assess their community benefit implementation strategies, although the extent to which they evaluate their strategies varies considerably between hospitals. While the use of outcome indicators of impact has increased over time, levels of use suggest the importance of incorporating public health expertise in CHNA work.
Diagnostic Confidence and Feasibility of a Deep Learning Accelerated HASTE Sequence of the Abdomen in a Single Breath-Hold
Authors: Herrmann Judith , Gassenmaier Sebastian , Nickel Dominik , Arberet Simon , Afat Saif , Lingg Andreas , Kündel Matthias , Othman Ahmed E. 
Published: November 2020

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a single breath-hold fast half-Fourier single-shot turbo spin echo (HASTE) sequence using a deep learning reconstruction (HASTEDL) for T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen as compared with 2 standard T2-weighted imaging sequences (HASTE and BLADE).

Materials and Methods
Sixty-six patients who underwent 1.5-T liver magnetic resonance imaging were included in this monocentric, retrospective study. The following T2-weighted sequences in axial orientation and using spectral fat suppression were compared: a conventional respiratory-triggered BLADE sequence (time of acquisition [TA] = 4:00 minutes), a conventional multiple breath-hold HASTE sequence (HASTES) (TA = 1:30 minutes), as well as a single breath-hold HASTE with deep learning reconstruction (HASTEDL) (TA = 0:16 minutes). Two radiologists assessed the 3 sequences regarding overall image quality, noise, sharpness, diagnostic confidence, and lesion detectability as well as lesion characterization using a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 4 with 4 being the best. Comparative analyses were conducted to assess the differences between the 3 sequences.

Results
HASTEDL was successfully acquired in all patients. Overall image quality for HASTEDL was rated as good (median, 3; interquartile range, 3–4) and was significantly superior to HASTEs (P < 0.001) and inferior to BLADE (P = 0.001). Noise, sharpness, and artifacts for HASTEDL reached similar levels to BLADE (P ≤ 0.176) and were significantly superior to HASTEs (P < 0.001). Diagnostic confidence for HASTEDL was rated excellent by both readers and significantly superior to HASTEs (P < 0.001) and inferior to BLADE (P = 0.044). Lesion detectability and lesion characterization for HASTEDL reached similar levels to those of BLADE (P ≤ 0.523) and were significantly superior to HASTEs (P < 0.001). Concerning the number of detected lesions and the measured diameter of the largest lesion, no significant differences were found comparing BLADE, HASTES, and HASTEDL (P ≤ 0.912).

Conclusions
The single breath-hold HASTEDL is feasible and yields comparable image quality and diagnostic confidence to standard T2-weighted TSE BLADE and may therefore allow for a remarkable time saving in abdominal imaging.
Early Postoperative Complications From National Surgical Quality Improvement Program
Authors: Saheb-Al-Zamani Maryam , Cordeiro Erin , O'Neill Anne C. , Hofer Stefan O.P. , Cil Tulin D. , Zhong Toni 
Published: November 2020

Background
Despite the recent surge in rates of immediate breast reconstruction, there is a paucity of large multicenter studies to compare differences in morbidity after immediate versus delayed breast reconstruction. This study used the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) to study the association between timing of breast reconstruction and complication rates, stratified by reconstructive modality.

Study Design
The NSQIP database was used to identify breast reconstructions from 2005 to 2012. Rates of major complications were compared by timing within each reconstructive modality (implant vs autologous). Cohort differences in baseline characteristics and variables associated with increased complication rates were identified in bivariate analyses. A multivariable model was created to compare the association between the timing of reconstruction and major complications.

Results
Of 24,506 postmastectomy reconstructions, 85.8% were immediate, 14.2% were delayed, 84% were implant, and 16% were autologous reconstructions. Overall, 10.0% of patients suffered a major complication. After stratification, only implant reconstructions showed a statistically higher complication rate with immediate (8.8%) reconstruction compared with delayed (5.3%) (odds ratio, 1.7, P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in complication rates between autologous immediate (18.4%) or delayed (19.0%) reconstructions. After controlling for baseline cohort differences and other risk factors, immediate reconstruction remained as an independent significant predictor of major complications in implant reconstructions (odds ratio, 1.8, P < 0.01).

Conclusions
Immediate rather than delayed breast reconstruction is associated with a significantly higher rate of major complications in implant reconstruction but not in autologous reconstruction. It is important to include these findings in the routine preoperative surgeon-patient discussion of reconstructive options.
Multicenter evaluation of the Panbio™ COVID-19 Rapid Antigen-Detection Test for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Merino-Amador Paloma , Guinea Jesús , Muñoz-Gallego Irene , González-Donapetry Patricia , Galán Juan-Carlos , Antona Nerea , Cilla Gustavo , Hernáez-Crespo Silvia , Díaz-de Tuesta José-Luis , Gual-de Torrella Ana , González-Romo Fernando , Escribano Pilar , Sánchez-Castellano Miguel Ángel , Sota-Busselo Mercedes , Delgado-Iribarren Alberto , García Julio , Cantón Rafael , Muñoz Patricia , Folgueira M Dolores , Cuenca-Estrella Manuel , Oteo-Iglesias Jesús ,   Spanish Panbio™ COVID-19 validation group ‡
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe standard RT-PCR assay for COVID-19 is laborious and time-consuming, limiting the availability of testing. Rapid antigen-detection tests are faster and less expensive; however, the reliability of these tests must be validated before they can be used widely. The objective of this study was to determine the reliability of the PanbioTM COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test Device (PanbioRT) (Abbott) for SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swab specimens. This was a prospective multicenter study in ten Spanish university hospitals of patients from hospital units with clinical symptoms or epidemiological criteria for COVID-19. Patients whose onset of symptoms or exposure was more than 7 days earlier were excluded. Two nasopharyngeal exudate samples were taken to perform the PanbioRT and a diagnostic RT-PCR test. Among the 958 patients studied, 359 (37.5%) were positive by RT-PCR and 325 (33.9%) were also positive by the PanbioRT. Agreement was 95.7% (kappa score: 0.90). All 34 false-negative PanbioRT results were in symptomatic patients, with 23.5% of them at 6–7 days since the onset of symptoms and 58.8% presenting CT >30 values for RT-PCR, indicating a low viral load. Overall sensitivity and specificity for the PanbioRT were 90.5% and 98.8%, respectively. The PanbioRT provides good clinical performance as a point-of-care test, with even more reliable results for patients with a shorter clinical course of the disease or a higher viral load. While this study has had a direct impact on the national diagnostic strategy for COVID-19 in Spain, the results must be interpreted based on the local epidemiological context.
Knowledge and perceptions on COVID-19 among Senior High School students in Ghana: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kamal Lettor Isaac Bador , Apanga Paschal Awingura , Kumbeni Maxwell Tii , Akunvane Ramatu , Akparibo Robert 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic is associated with high morbidity and mortality. In Ghana, policy interventions have been implemented by the Government to combat the pandemic. However, the knowledge and perceptions of Senior High School students are not investigated on the COVID-19 symptoms, transmission and the government policy measures.ObjectivesThe present study surveyed senior high school students to assess their knowledge and perceptions of COVID-19 and the government policy measures to address the outbreak.MethodsThe study employed a descriptive cross-sectional study design to assess the knowledge and perceptions of senior high school students on the COVID-19 pandemic and the measures put in place to address it. 624 senior high school students aged 18 years old and above were surveyed. Descriptive analysis was performed to assess knowledge and perceptions of COVID-19 symptoms, mode of transmissions and prevention.FindingsMost students were knowledgeable about COVID-19 symptoms, transmission and preventive measures. Majority of the students obtained information about COVID-19 from television, radio, social media, and from family and friends. Overall, the students also demonstrated a positive perception towards COVID-19 mode of transmission and preventive measures.ConclusionsOverall, senior high school students in the Bawku Municipality in Ghana demonstrated an appreciable level of knowledge and positive perception of COVID-19. Students cited television, radio, peer education and social media as their information sources for COVID-19. These media outlets should be prioritized in disseminating COVID 19 information to the public, especially students.
Stakeholders’ social dialogue about responsibility and sustainability in the food sector
Authors: Cortese Damiano , Rainero Christian , Cantino Valter 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThis paper aims at understanding whether firms conceive and use social media as disseminators, as well as amplifiers, of their results concerning sustainability and responsibility and whether this practice stimulates stakeholder engagement and participation, laying the foundation for a dialogue on corporate social responsibility.Design/methodology/approachThis research analyses the theoretical background of communication related to sustainability and responsibility and the company–stakeholder dialogue in the food sector. An inductive interpretive approach is provided by conducting a qualitative content analysis related to the communication practices of the food company Ferrero (Italy) from June 2015 to September 2019.FindingsCompanies can use social channels to present their vision, values, approaches and choices related to sustainability and responsibility. Social media can become useful networks to reach stakeholders requiring and claiming for transparency about more and more relevant topics – allowing, at the same time, a two-way relationship and dialogue.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitation of the paper is that it presents the observation of a single firm.Practical implicationsThe managerial implications relate to the value created by a dialogical communication: this is a strong foundation for enhancing relationships capable of maintaining and increasing the company's reputation. The establishment of an interchange about sustainability and responsibility represents a new way to direct the company and its stakeholders towards mutual support in creating value.Originality/valueThis article contributes to enriching the debate on the degree of knowledge, understanding, response and reaction to social media–based corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication.
Mitigating demand risk of durable goods in online retailing
Authors: Ghadge Abhijeet , Bag Sujoy , Goswami Mohit , Tiwari Manoj Kumar 
Published: November 2020

PurposeAn uncertain product demand in online retailing leads to loss of opportunity cost and customer dissatisfaction due to instances of product unavailability. On the other hand, when e-retailers store excessive inventory of durable goods to fulfill uncertain demand, it results in significant inventory holding and obsolescence cost. In view of such overstocking/understocking situations, this study attempts to mitigate online demand risk by exploring novel e-retailing approaches considering the trade-offs between opportunity cost/customer dissatisfaction and inventory holding/obsolescence cost.Design/methodology/approachFour e-retailing approaches are introduced to mitigate uncertain demand and minimize the economic losses to e-retailer. Using three months of purchased history data of online consumers for durable goods, four proposed approaches are tested by developing product attribute based algorithm to calculate the economic loss to the e-retailer.FindingsMixed e-retailing method of selling unavailable products from collaborative e-retail partner and alternative product's suggestion from own e-retailing method is found to be best for mitigating uncertain demand as well as limiting customer dissatisfaction.Research limitations/implicationsLimited numbers of risk factor have been considered in this study. In the future, others risk factors like fraudulent order of high demand products, long delivery time window risk, damage and return risk of popular products can be incorporated and handled to reduce the economic loss.Practical implicationsThe analysis can minimize the economic losses to an e-retailer and also can maximize the profit of collaborative e-retailing partner.Originality/valueThe study proposes a retailer to retailer collaboration approach without sharing the forecasted products' demand information.
Rabbits – their domestication and molecular genetics of hair coat development and quality
Authors: Dorożyńska K. , Maj D. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThe European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is the only representative of its genus living in present‐day Europe and North Africa, and all domestic rabbits are descendants of this one species, which is native to the Iberian Peninsula. There are over 300 breeds of rabbits that differ in size, coat color, length of ears and type of fur. Rabbits are bred for various reasons, such as for laboratory animals and a source of meat, wool and fur, as well as for pets and exhibition animals. The hair coat is a important economic trait of rabbits. Its development and quality are influenced by various factors, both environmental and genetic. The genetic mechanisms underlying its development have not been thoroughly researched. The aim of this review is to discuss the domestication of rabbits and the different aspects of rabbit genetics. A brief review of the properties of rabbit hair coat, hair coat development and hair cycle will be provided, followed by discussion of the factors regulating hair coat development, molecular control of hair coat development and the role of non‐coding RNAs in the regulation of gene expression in the hair follicles of rabbits. Information about genetic regulation of pathways could provide useful tools for improving hair coat quality and be of practical use in rabbit breeding.
Variations in intrinsic breast cancer characteristics in screen‐detected breast cancer patients aged between 45 and 69 and above the age of 70
Authors: Huang Yeqian , Ip Eugenia C. , Ng Alexander K. T. , Cohen‐Hallaleh Ruben 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing age is a well‐recognized risk factor for breast cancer. With an increase in life expectancy of women, more older patients are diagnosed with breast cancer. This study aimed to identify the variations in breast cancer attributes and mortality in different age groups in New Zealand.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of data from the Auckland Breast Cancer Register between 1 June 2000 and 28 February 2017. Patients who were diagnosed through Breast Screen were included. Group A included those aged between 45 and 69 years. Group B included individuals with an age of 70 years or above.ResultsFrom June 2000 to February 2017, a total of 6304 new cases of new breast cancer were diagnosed through Auckland Breast Screen, with 5788 patients in group A and 516 patients in group B. Group B was more likely to have the lower grade invasive cancers, with fewer grade 3 cancers. Oestrogen receptor positivity was more pronounced in group B, along with progesterone receptor positivity. Conversely, HER‐2 receptor was less likely to be positive in group B. There was a significantly higher breast cancer‐related mortality in group B (6.0% versus 2.7%). Mortality related to other causes was also much higher in group B as compared to that in group A (12.8% versus 2.5%).ConclusionWomen aged 70 years or above generally tend to have a more favourable type of breast cancer, with a lower tumour grade, oestrogen and progesterone receptor positivity, and lower rate of HER‐2 overexpression.
Surveillance of the current situation regarding influenza vaccination according to medical oncologists in Japan
Authors: Maeda Toshiki , Sasaki Hidenori , Togawa Atsushi , Tanaka Toshihiro , Arima Hisatomi , Takata Tohru , Takamatsu Yasushi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to clarify the attitude of oncologists toward influenza vaccination and the current situation and issues regarding influenza vaccination for patients on chemotherapy in Japan. A web‐based survey of medical oncologists certified by the Japanese Society of Medical Oncology was conducted between November 1 and December 31, 2019. Of the 1369 medical oncologists who were invited to participate, 415 (30.3%) responded to our survey. The questionnaire comprised 4 sections: “oncologist characteristics,” “oncologist attitude toward influenza vaccines and the current status of influenza vaccination for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy,” “incidence of influenza infection and associated treatment complications,” and “treatment policy for influenza infection.” In total, 153 (36.9%) physicians replied that they did not actively encourage influenza vaccination for patients undergoing chemotherapy. The primary reasons given were lack of evidence (48/153, 31.4%) and uncertainty of appropriate timing (46/153, 30.1%). There was diverse variation in the timing of vaccination and in the levels of encouragement based on the cancer location and medication type. Two hundred eighty‐three (68.2%) oncologists reported that their cancer patients had experienced influenza infection while undergoing chemotherapy, and 169 (40.7%) responded that their patients had experienced an administration delay or discontinuation of medication because of influenza infection. Our surveillance revealed some oncologists considered evidence regarding the administration of influenza vaccine to cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy (particularly the optimal timing and level of recommendation by cancer location and medication) to be lacking. It also exposed the adverse impact of influenza infection in cancer patients.
The Development of Attention to Objects and Scenes: From Object‐Biased to Unbiased
Authors: Darby Kevin P. , Deng Sophia W. , Walther Dirk B. , Sloutsky Vladimir M. 
Published: November 2020

Selective attention is the ability to focus on goal‐relevant information while filtering out irrelevant information. This work examined the development of selective attention to natural scenes and objects with a rapid serial visual presentation paradigm. Children (N = 69, ages 4–6 years) and adults (N = 80) were asked to attend to either objects or scenes, while ignoring the other type of stimulus. A multinomial processing tree model was used to decompose selective attention into focusing and filtering components. The results suggest that attention is object‐biased in children, due to difficulty filtering attention to goal‐irrelevant objects, whereas attention in adults is relatively unbiased. The findings suggest important developmental asymmetries in selective attention to scenes and objects.
Demyelinating processes in aging and stroke in the central nervous system and the prospect of treatment strategy
Authors: Chen Di , Huang Yichen , Shi Ziyu , Li Jiaying , Zhang Yue , Wang Ke , Smith Amanda D. , Gong Ye , Gao Yanqin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDemyelination occurs in response to brain injury and is observed in many neurodegenerative diseases. Myelin is synthesized from oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system, and oligodendrocyte death‐induced demyelination is one of the mechanisms involved in white matter damage after stroke and neurodegeneration. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) exist in the brain of normal adults, and their differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes play a central role in remyelination. Although the differentiation and maturity of OPCs drive endogenous efforts for remyelination, the failure of axons to remyelinate is still the biggest obstacle to brain repair after injury or diseases. In recent years, studies have made attempts to promote remyelination after brain injury and disease, but its cellular or molecular mechanism is not yet fully understood. In this review, we discuss recent studies examining the demyelination process and potential therapeutic strategies for remyelination in aging and stroke. Based on our current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying remyelination, we hypothesize that myelin and oligodendrocytes are viable therapeutic targets to mitigate brain injury and to treat demyelinating‐related neurodegeneration diseases.