bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytosociology of a Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest in the State of Michoacán, Mexico
Authors: Medina-García Consuelo , Velázquez Alejandro , Giménez de Azcárate Joaquin , Macías-Rodríguez Miguel Ángel , Larrazábal Alejandra , Gopar-Merino Luis Fernando , López-Barrera Faustino , Pérez-Vega Azucena 
Published: October 2020

Background: seasonally dry tropical forests are considered critical and important ecosystems because they harbor exceptional biological diversity. Mexico lacks sound phytosociological studies of Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest and Michoacán is no exception. The present study may be regarded the first phytosociological in most of the Mexican pacific coast where seasonally dry tropical forests occurs.
Questions/Objective: We aimed at describing the representative plant associations of the seasonally dry tropical forest, distributed on western Michoacán and to provide a sintaxonomic classification framework based on the floristic differentiation of the recognized communities and highlight its phytocenotic diversity.
Study site and dates: Estado de Michoacán; 20 years.
Methods: A total of 82 phytosociological inventories were conducted. Data were submitted to multivariate two-way indicator species analyses to depict plant communities and their ecological affinities.
Results: From its analysis and interpretation, nine plant groups were differentiated, of which all but one was given the rank of association, which are Lysilomo acapulcensis–Heliocarpetum terebinthinacei , Ceibo aesculifoliae–Lysilometum divaricatae , Caesalpinio platylobae-Cordietum elaeagnoidis , Cochlospermo vitifolii-Lueheetum candidae , Lysilomo divaricatae-Cordietum elaeagnoidis ; Stenocereo quevedonis-Cordietum selerianae , Guazumo ulmifoliae-Cordietum elaeagnoidis ¸ Lonchocarpo huetamoensis-Cordietum elaeagnoidis and the community of Spondias purpurea-Cochlospermum vitifolium.
Conclusions: Comparative floristic and structural profiles among plant communities permitted us to distinguish their bioclimatic relationships. Diagnostic species representative of all plant associations were selected and used for sintaxonomic nomenclature. Plant associations were finally array along bioclimatic and altitudinal gradients and showed in arranged phytosociological tables. The plant association/community’descriptions permitted to compare structural physiognomy, floristic composition, ecological affinities, distribution patterns and bioclimatic liaison among them.
Orden Commelinales en Aguascalientes, México
Authors: Cabrera Manuel Florencia , Siqueiros Delgado María Elena , Ceja-Romero Jacqueline , Sosa Ramírez Joaquín 
Published: October 2020

Antecedentes: El orden Commelinales incluye cinco familias, 68 géneros, y cerca de 780 especies a nivel mundial; en México, está representado por Commelinaceae, Haemodoraceae y Pontederiaceae. Aguascalientes se ubica en la región centro-norte de México, representa una zona de transición florística, entre la región Xerofítica Mexicana y la Mesoamericana de Montaña, y cuenta con las familias Commelinaceae y Pontederiaceae.
Preguntas y / o Hipótesis: ¿Cuál es la diversidad de Commelinales en Aguascalientes?, ¿Cuál es la distribución de sus especies?
Especies de estudio: Especies de Commelinales en Aguascalientes, México.
Sitio y años de estudio: Aguascalientes, México. Julio de 2013 a octubre de 2015.
Métodos: Se realizaron 52 recolectas abarcando 142 puntos de muestreo. En total 167 ejemplares fueron recolectados e identificados con el apoyo de especialistas y literatura especializada. Adicionalmente, se revisó material de herbarios de la región y se elaboraron mapas de distribución.
Resultados: Se reportan ocho géneros y 23 especies de Commelinales para Aguascalientes, de los cuales seis géneros y 20 especies pertenecen a Commelinaceae, y dos géneros y tres especies a Pontederiaceae; ocho especies son endémicas de México; dos géneros y seis especies son nuevos registros para Aguascalientes; Tradescantia hirsutiflora Bush es nuevo registro para México. Commelinaceae se distribuye principalmente al noreste del estado, predominantemente en matorral subtropical, mientras que Pontederiaceae son acuáticas y se distribuyen principalmente al sureste.
Conclusiones: Este estudio amplía y actualiza el número de especies de Commelinales en Aguascalientes y en México, así como la distribución y tipos de vegetación en la que se encuentran.
In silico identification and expression analysis of Metal-nicotianamine transporter (YSL3) and Oligopeptide transporter 3 (OPT3) under Cd stress in Brassica oleracea var. acephala
Authors: Sutkovic Jasmin , Karic Ajdina , Yildirim Ahmet 
Published: October 2020

Background: Metal-nicotianamine transporter (YSL) family protein belongs to the oligopeptide heavy metal transporter group, as characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana . Oligopeptide transporters (OPTs) are a group of membrane-localized proteins, involved in different transport mechanisms, contributing to nitrogen mobilization, glutathione transport and long-distance metal distribution. Metal-nicotianamine transporter gene 3 (YSL3) incorporates the oligopeptide transporter domain, found to transfer several heavy metals in diverse plant species, and among them cadmium transport in Brassica oleracea .
Objective: To evaluate and confirm the expression of Metal-nicotianamine transporter (YSL3) under cadmium stress.
Studied species: Brassica oleracea var. acephala
Study site and dates: Brassica oleracea var. acephala samples were collected from Blagaj region, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Methods: Through a simple bioinformatic approach the interactome partner of Metal-nicotianamine transporter (YSL3) was discovered and annotated. Oligopeptide transporter 3 (OPT3) and Metal-nicotianamine transporter (YSL3) genes were checked for expression levels under cadmium stress.
Results: We have identified a strong interacting partner of YSL3, later confirmed as Oligopeptide transporter 3 (OPT3) protein in Brassica oleracea . The in vitro expression analysis by using a qRT-PCR revealed a significant upregulation of YSL3 and OPT3, during Cd stress.
Conclusions: These findings indicate that the represented in-silico approach, followed by in vitro gene expression study, successfully confirmed YSL3 and identified OPT3 as a new gene, in correlation to cadmium stress.
MINERALOGICAL COMPOSITION AND SOIL MICROSTRUCTURE OF THE ACCUMULATIVE-DENUDATION LANDSCAPE OF THE NORTHERN PART OF THE FOREST STEPPE AND IN CASE OF MATERIAL EROSION
Authors: Chizhikova N. , Lebedeva (Verba) M. , Lebedev M. 
Published: October 2020

The distribution of clay minerals of the fraction less than 1 micron, extracted from typical, alkaline, podzolized agronomic black earths, depends on the type of soil, lithology of soil-forming rocks and relief. The silt fraction of agrochernozems developed on the quaternary loess-like heavy loam consists of smectite phase, represented by complex disordered mica-smectite formations, di-trioctahedral mica, kaolinite, chlorite. Agroblack soils formed on sediments in which include Neogene eluvium, contain a smectite phase represented by montmorillonite itself and badelyte with clinoptylolites in it. Erosion-resistant the material is represented by rounded aggregates, the structure of which was determined by micromorphological analysis. In the composition of micaceous micaceous fraction, extracted from this material, is dominated by micaceous mectritic formation. The conclusion is made about the demolition of the most valuable fertility of aggregated material - product of interaction smectite phase with organic matter.
METALS IN OILED PEAT (WESTERN SIBERIA)
Authors: Vodianitsky Yu. , Savichev A. , Trofimov S. , Shishkonakova E. 
Published: October 2020

The study of metals in oil-contaminated peat has double meaning. Firstly, it is diagnostic as convenient and simple The method of soil condition monitoring, and secondly, the ecological method to predict the state of the peat bog as a biocenosis element. Every pollutant elements in contaminated peat are divided into two bands. Some of them (Ti, V, Cr, Ni, Zr, Ba, Y, La, Ce, Nd) accumulate in the upper, bituminous layer of peat. Other elements (halogen chlorine, as well as metals: Ca, Mp, Zn, Cu, Sr), on the contrary, migrate deep into the peat layer with light fractions hydrocarbons. For capturing particularly moving Cu metals, Zn needs to be equipped with artificial geochemical barriers to prevent pollutants from entering groundwater and open ponds.
Effect of Wettability on Vaporization of Hydrocarbon Solvents in Nano Capillaries
Authors: Al-Kindi Ilyas , Babadagli Tayfun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Tight rock reservoirs have gained popularity and become a subject of great interest due to their huge recovery potential. A substantial portion of the potential hydrocarbon could be removed from the reservoir by injecting solvent gases (hydrocarbon or CO2) as an Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) application. Achieving a precise modeling of these processes and accurate description of hydrocarbon dynamics requires a clear understanding of phase-change behaviour in confined (capillary) medium. It was previously shown that early vaporization of liquids could occur in channels that were larger than 1000 nanometers. The surface wettability plays a critical role in influencing the vaporization and condensation nature in confined systems.
This paper studies the influence of the medium wettability on phase-transition temperatures of liquid hydrocarbons in macro (&gt; 1000 nm) and nano (&lt; 500 nm) channels by using different types of rock samples. The boiling temperature of hydrocarbon solvents was measured in two extreme wetting conditions: (1) strongly water wet, and (2) strongly oil wet. Boiling temperatures of heptane and octane in sandstone, limestone, and tight sandstone were observed to be lower than their bulk boiling points by closely 13%, on average. Altering rock wettability characteristically changes the average hydrocarbon nucleation temperatures being as critical as the pore size. The experimental outcomes also showed that reducing the solvent adsorption on clays in Berea sandstone lowers the nucleation temperature of heptane and octane from their normal phase-change temperatures by 30%.
Fracture Characterization During Flowback with Two-Phase Flow in Tight and Ultratight Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Zhang Fengyuan , Emami-Meybodi Hamid 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Flowback rate transient analysis (RTA) is a practical tool for characterizing hydraulic fracture (HF) properties. However, the accuracy of the interpreted results from flowback RTA is challenged by the complexity in two-phase flow in the hydraulic fracture and matrix system. Accordingly, we present a new semianalytical method to characterize HF attributes and dynamics using multi-phase flowback data for tight and ultratight (shale) oil wells. The proposed method includes a two-phase diagnostic plot, a fracture RTA approach for straight-line analysis, and a matrix model capable of characterizing water and oil flow. The RTA approach is based on fracture infinite acting linear flow (IALF) and boundary dominated flow (BDF) solutions, which treats HF as an open tank with a variable production rate at the well and the contribution of water and oil from matrix within the distance of investigation (DOI). The pressure-dependent fluid and geomechanical properties, such as permeability and porosity, are considered in the pseudotime defined in fracture and matrix to reduce the nonlinearity of the system. We tested the accuracy of the proposed method against numerical results obtained from commercial software and verified its applicability by analyzing the flowback and long-term production data from a field example in Eagle Ford shale. The validation results confirm that our method can closely calculate water and oil influx from matrix as well as the average pressure and saturation in the HF and matrix DOI. The accurate estimation of the initial fracture permeability and pore volume demonstrates the applicability of the proposed method in quantifying HF properties from two-phase flowback data exhibiting fracture IALF and BDF regimes. The analysis results show that the estimated initial fracture pore volume shows more accuracy than initial fracture permeability due to the different calculation sources in the straight-line analysis. In short, the proposed method is, to our best knowledge, the first RTA approach incorporating the two-phase water and oil influx from matrix into the inverse analysis of fracture properties and dynamics using straight-line analysis, instead of history matching
Innovative Use of Solid Expandable Liners as Host in Multilateral Well Construction Applications
Authors: Wold Andreas , Berge Frode , Paulsen Eric , Baker Roy 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Solid Expandable Tubular (SET) usage in drilling applications of oil and gas wells has traditionally spanned drilling challenges such as covering up unstable formations due to pressure variations, isolate sections with losses or wellbore intrusions, maximizing Inner Diameter (ID) of the liner at Total Depth (TD) to improve Equivalent Circulating Density (ECD) of the next cementing operation. A bigger ID also gives room for higher production rates due to lower pressure through prod tubing.
As operators are looking to cut well costs, well designs are optimized with as few casing strings as possible to get to TD. Solid expandable liners have customarily been considered a contingency only to be installed in case problems arise. The operational envelope of expandable liners has broadened over the years with the introduction of high torque expandable connections and rotation-enabled expandable liners which has allowed the liners to be run in more complex scenarios and in increasingly challenging down hole applications. Operators have started becoming aware of the fact that expandable liners can play a bigger role as a planned-in and permanent tool in the operational tool box. One such area is multilateral wells where reservoir contact can be greatly increased by drilling multiple sections through the reservoir from one mother-bore. By using existing casing infrastructure operators can drill additional reservoir section(s) without drilling completely new wells, saving both time and money.
One major North Sea operator recognized a potential to utilize an expandable liner in a multilateral application, and have completed the first two wells validating this solution for constructing multilateral junctions from an expandable liner run and expanded out of a milled window in 10 ¾ in. casing. The post-expanded drift of the expandable liner allowed for drilling of an 8 ½ in. mainbore out of the expanded liner shoe, and an 8 ½ in. lateral branch sidetrack with a pressure seal multilateral junction installed. Length requirement of the expandable liner was estimated to be from 500 to 1000m as the solid expandable liner would need to isolate the gas zone, although it was not required to act as a permanent barrier. During the pre-validation phase connection gas testing was performed, as well as post-expanded wear testing in order to simulate liner wear from drilling two 6000m long reservoir sections. The next test well was planned with two multilateral junctions allowing for a total of three reservoir sections.
This paper details the innovative approach a major North Sea operator took to multilateral wellbore design utilizing the SET system in three distinct ways in the same installation; 1) as a means to temporarily isolating the gas zone in the reservoir in order to drill the oil zone, 2) utilize the SET system as host casing for a multilateral junctions and 3) to isolate existing perforations in the 10 ¾ in. casing.
Integrated Data Analysis to Identify Best Practices for Non-core Asset Development in The Eagle Ford
Authors: Jayakumar Swathika , Warren Mark , Wood Tanner 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Eagle Ford Shale play has undergone significant development over the last decade, with indications that there is still room for additional development. As operator's move to non-core areas there is a need for additional optimization to effectively drain these new areas. This paper studies trends emerging from a post-stimulation completion diagnostics database, comprised of over 10 years of data, to help identify factors associated with effective horizontal completions in the Eagle Ford shale.
By employing data analytical techniques to the horizontal well database, critical production performance metrics and insights associated with effective completions are presented. Coupled with this, case histories are also included that illustrate techniques that have increased overall completion effectiveness in relation to proppant placement, cluster treatment efficiency, stage containment, well deliverability, wells spacing/frac size optimization, and ultimately increased production performance. The case histories also highlight the effects of completion optimization on limiting production declines as operators move into non-core acreage over time in most North American shale plays, and more specifically the Eagle Ford shale.
Machine Learning Based Predictive Models for CO2 Corrosion in Pipelines With Various Bending Angles
Authors: Yang Huihui , Lu Ligang , Tsai Kuochen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Predicting CO2 corrosion in fluid transmission pipelines is crucial for oil/gas company in upstream applications. This paper applies Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) and Multiple Layer Perceptron Neural Network (MLPNN) models for the prediction of CO2 corrosion in aqueous pipelines with different pipe bending angles. To build the predictive models, a data set with total of 77,745 data points was generated parametrically by a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. Since different environmental conditions and geometries of the pipeline may cause non-uniform corrosion, a total of seven variables, including flow velocity, pH value, CO2 concentration, pipe inner diameter, pipe bend angle, radius and temperature are taken as the input features with the corrosion rate as the target variable. The CFD model was then used to compute the electrochemical processes occurring at the metal surfaces to predict the corrosion rate. Knowing that these features have nonlinear relationship with the target, tree based LightGBM, and neural network based MLPNN were chosen. LightGBM can control the overfitting issues, deal with comparative scales of the features and learn non-linear decision boundaries via boosting. The most significant findings are that these two types of machine learning (ML) algorithms have higher efficiency and can predict new results in microseconds in contrast to hours or even days using CFD. The R square of the LightGBM model is 0.9985, which is slightly higher than that of the MLPNN model at 0.9931. The k-fold cross validation results also show the stability of the two models. These ML models are 5 to 6 orders of magnitude faster than CFD models with similar accuracy therefore significantly saving time and cost. We further built a web application based on these predictive models as a tool for pipeline design and monitoring applications.
Segmentation of X-Ray Images of Rocks Using Deep Learning
Authors: Ar Rushood Ibrahim , Alqahtani Naif , Wang Ying Da , Shabaninejad Mehdi , Armstrong Ryan , Mostaghimi Peyman 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Segmentation of X-ray images of rocks is an important step in digital rock technology. Current segmentation methods often suffer from operator bias and can be time-consuming. To overcome these limitations, an automated image segmentation model is created for pore scale images through the use of convolutional neural networks. A dataset of micro-Computed Tomography (CT) images of sandstones is considered. To create the ground truth data for training, Scanning Electron Microscopy 2D and micro-CT 3D images are used to obtain accurate segmentation masks. Three models are trained with the available data: One with limited images, one with the full dataset, and one with augmented data. The data augmentation is achieved by increasing sample size through image partitioning. The data set for each model is divided into training, validation, and testing with a 60/30/10 split, respectively. The U-Net architecture, designed to work with limited training data, is used to develop the models. Further validation of the models is performed on a different dataset unseen by the models. The Minkowski functionals and permeability of the volume generated by the segmented images are computed and compared with the ground truth segmentation. Against the unseen dataset, the models scored a dice coefficient of 0.9479, 0.9518, and 0.9599, respectively. We discuss the potential for improvement by data augmentation and fine-tuning. One limitation of the models is with the deficiency of variety in training data as both SEM and micro-CT is required to obtain the segmentation masks. We also discuss the performance of the model on unseen samples and show the potential improving efficiency in the digital rock technology. The models provide a quick and accurate segmentation for images of sandstones without the influence of operator bias, and the method shows promise for further development and improvement.
Integrated Approach for Well Interference Diagnosis Considering Complex Fracture Networks Combining Pressure and Rate Transient Analysis
Authors: Qin Jiazheng , Cheng Shiqing , Zhu Jing , He Youwei , Yu Wei , Rui Zhenhua , Sepehrnoori Kamy 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Well interference has been historically investigated by pressure transient analysis, while it has shown that rate transient analysis has great potential in well interference diagnosis. However, the impact of complex fracture networks (CFN) on rate transient behavior of parent well and child well in unconventional reservoirs is still not clear. To further investigate, this paper develops an integrated approach combining pressure and rate transient analysis for well interference diagnosis considering CFN.
To perform multi-well simulation considering CFN, non-intrusive embedded discrete fracture model approach was applied for coupling fracture with reservoir models. The impact of CFN including natural fractures and frac-hits on pressure and rate transient behavior in multi-well system was investigated. Obvious distinctions could be viewed for different kinds of CFN on diagnostic plots compared with single-well model. Due to the interference from surrounding producers, new flow regimes including compound linear flow and interference flow would occur on loglog plot. In general, the effect of natural fractures seems to be more evident than that of frac-hits. Blasingame plots could be categorized into different types based on various CFN patterns.
Application of this integrated approach to demonstrates that it works well to characterize the well interference among different multi-fractured horizontal wells in a well pad. Better reservoir evaluation can be acquired based on the new features observed in the novel model, demonstrating the practicability of the proposed approach. The combination of pressure and rate transient analysis can reduce the uncertainty and improve the accuracy of the well interference interpretation based on both field pressure and rate data.