bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential lung cancer screening outcomes using different age and smoking thresholds in the ANRS‐CO4 French Hospital Database on HIV cohort
Authors: Makinson A , Tron L , Grabar S , Milleron B , Reynes J , Le Moing V , Morquin D , Lert F , Costagliola D , Guiguet M 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesIn most lung screening programmes, only subjects ≥ 55 years old and smoking ≥ 30 pack‐years are eligible to undergo chest low‐dose computed tomography. Whether the same criteria should apply to people living with HIV (PLHIV) is uncertain, given the increased lung cancer risks associated with immunodeficiency and high rates of smoking. We assessed different outcomes obtained from simulating one round of lung cancer screening in PLHIV using different age and smoking thresholds for eligibility.MethodsData from the French Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le SIDA et les Hépatites Virales (ANRS)‐CO4 French Hospital Database on HIV (FHDH) cohort of PLHIV and a national representative survey of PLHIV in care in 2011 (the ANRS‐VESPA2 [enquête sur les personnes atteintes] study) were used to estimate the maximum proportion of incident lung cancers occurring between 2012 and 2016 that would have potentially been detected by screening in 2011. Secondary outcomes were numbers of eligible subjects in the cohort and numbers of subjects needed to screen (NNS) to detect one lung cancer.ResultsAmong 77819 PLHIV in 2011 (median age 46 years; 66% men), 285 subjects subsequently developed lung cancer. Adoption of the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations (55–80 years; ≥ 30 pack‐years) would have detected 31% of lung cancers at most. Lowering the minimum age to 50 and 45 years would have detected 49% and 60% of cancers, respectively, but would have greatly increased the number of eligible subjects and the NNS to detect one case of lung cancer.ConclusionsUse of the USPSTF criteria would have detected only a minority of lung cancers in a large French cohort of PLHIV in 2011. Screening PLHIV at younger ages (45 or 50 years) and/or the use of lower smoking thresholds (20 pack‐years) may be beneficial, despite the consequently higher numbers of eligible subjects and NNS to detect one case of lung cancer, and should be evaluated in future studies.
Leiomyosarcoma of the skin: review of the literature with an emphasis on prognosis and management
Authors: Kazlouskaya Viktoryia , Lai Yi C. , Khachemoune Amor 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLeiomyosarcoma (LMS) of the skin is rare, and no management guideline currently exists. Although LMS is historically classified as either dermal (cutaneous) or subcutaneous, definition for its classfication is inconsistent in the literature. Studies on the managenent of LMS are scarce, and there is no consensus on the appropriate surgical margin for the treatment of LMS. While a 1 cm margin may be sufficient in cutaneous LMS, wider margins may be required for subcutaneous tumors. Mohs micrographic surgery is a promising surgical modality for the treatment of cutaneous LMS. In this review, current knowledge on LMS is summarized and a practical approach to the management of this rare neoplasm is proposed.
Macrophomina phaseolina: an overlooked cutaneous infection, seed rot disease in humans
Authors: Schwartz Robert A. , Kapila Rajendra 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRare and emerging opportunistic fungal pathogens are a serious and growing concern for immunosuppressed patients. Macrophomina phaseolina, an important soilborne plant pathogen in tropical and subtropical soil, should be considered in this category. It may be evident as a localized cutaneous cellulitis or as an ocular keratitis. We describe a 42‐year‐old diabetic male originally from India in whom a soft tissue mass of the foot proved to be an M. phaseolina cellulitis and review the literature. To our knowledge, only four individuals have been documented with infections with this organism, three of whom were immunocompromised.
The static stability of support factor‐based rectangular packings: an assessment by regression analysis
Authors: Junqueira Leonardo , Queiroz Thiago Alves de 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis work presents new insights about how solutions of support factor‐based rectangular packings behave in relation to their static stability. In particular, we address the constrained two‐dimensional packing problem, for the solution of which is used a known integer linear programming model that positions items over a grid of points. The model has embedded constraints based on a support factor parameter that ensure a minimum support for the base of items. The solutions obtained from the model are then evaluated by a procedure that verifies the conditions for the static stability. Computational tests were performed on a large variety of randomly generated instances, and the outputs were assessed by means of regression analysis (linear and logistic). The results show which characteristics of the instances contribute directly and inversely to the probability of obtaining statically stable packing patterns. This outcome may be useful to guide the choice of support factor values in some practical contexts.
A retrospective matched‐cohort study of 3994 lower extremity wounds of multiple etiologies across 644 institutions comparing a bioactive human skin allograft, TheraSkin, plus standard of care, to standard of care alone
Authors: Gurtner Geoff C. , Garcia Aimee D. , Bakewell Katie , Alarcon Jason B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMost chronic wounds are related to comorbidities, for which no clinical trials are performed. This retrospective propensity matched‐cohort study examined data from 2 074 000 lower extremity wounds across 644 institutions to determine the effectiveness of TheraSkin plus standard of care (SOC; n = 1997) versus SOC alone (n = 1997). Multivariate modelling comparing outcomes such as healing rates, percent area reductions (PARs), amputations, recidivism, treatment completion, and medical transfers were evaluated. A higher proportion of wounds in the treatment group compared with the controls were more likely to close (68.3% versus 60.3%), particularly wounds with exposed structures (64% versus 50.4%) and with lower recidivism at 6 months (24.9% versus 28.3%). The control group was 2.75x more likely to require amputation than the treatment group. The combination of propensity matching and logistic regression analysis on a particularly large database demonstrated that wounds treated with TheraSkin had higher healing rates, higher PARs (78.7% versus 68.9%), fewer amputations, lower recidivism, higher treatment completion (61.0% versus 50.6%), and lower medical transfers (16.1% versus 23.5%) than SOC alone. This study considered data from complex wounds typically excluded from controlled trials and supports the idea that real‐world evidence studies can be valid and reliable.
Surgical site infection following traumatic orthopaedic surgeries in geriatric patients: Incidence and prognostic risk factors
Authors: Le Jinbo , Dong Zhijie , Liang Jie , Zhang Kun , Li Yanhua , Cheng Meijuan , Zhao Zhenshuan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGeriatric population is increasing rapidly worldwide, and fragility fracture and complication following orthopaedic surgery in elderly people have now become major challenges for surgeons. Further studies are required to identify potentially modifiable factors associated with surgical site infection (SSI) in geriatric patients. This retrospective, multicenter study was conducted at four level I hospitals in China. During the 31‐month study period, a total of 2341 patients (65 years or older) underwent orthopaedic surgery and complete data were recorded from September 2015 to April 2018. Demographics information, medications and additional comorbidities, surgery‐related variables, and laboratory indexes were extracted and analysed. Receiver‐operating characteristic analysis was performed to detect the optimum threshold of continuous variables. Independent risk factors of SSI were identified by univariate and multivariate analyses. Finally, 63 patients suffered from wound infection within the follow‐up period, indicating a 2.7% incidence rate of SSI. Statistical results showed that open injury (odds ratio [OR], 9.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.4‐16.7), American Society of Anesthesiologists classified III‐IV score (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.3‐3.8), surgical duration of >132 minutes (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.1‐5.0), serum albumin (ALB) of <36.4 mg/L (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.6‐3.4), and blood glucose (GLU) of >118 mg/dL (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.1‐5.3) were independent risk factors of postoperative SSI. With the application of sensitive and modifiable variables such as surgical duration and the levels of ALB and GLU, more geriatric patients with sub‐high risk of postoperative SSI could be identified.
Age and growth of Brauer's lanternfish Gymnoscopelus braueri and rhombic lanternfish Krefftichthys anderssoni (Family Myctophidae) in the Scotia Sea, Southern Ocean
Authors: Saunders Ryan A. , Lourenço Silvia , Vieira Rui P. , Collins Martin A. , Assis Carlos A. , Xavier Jose C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study examines age and growth of Brauer's lanternfish Gymnoscopelus braueri and rhombic lanternfish Krefftichthys anderssoni from the Scotia Sea in the Southern Ocean, through the analysis of annual growth increments deposited on sagittal otoliths. Otolith pairs from 177 G. braueri and 118 K. anderssoni were collected in different seasons from the region between 2004 and 2009. Otolith‐edge analysis suggested a seasonal change in opaque and hyaline depositions, indicative of an annual growth pattern, although variation within the populations of both species was apparent. Age estimates varied from 1 to 6 years for G. braueri (40 to 139 mm standard length; LS) and from 0 to 2 years for K. anderssoni (26 to 70 mm LS). Length‐at‐age data were broadly consistent with population cohort parameters identified in concurrent length‐frequency data from the region for both species. The estimated values of von Bertalanffy growth curves for G. braueri were L∞ = 133.22 mm, k = 0.29 year−1 and t0 = −0.21 year and the values for K. anderssoni were L∞ = 68.60 mm, k = 0.71 year−1 and t0 = −0.49 year. There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in growth between sexes for either species, suggesting that males and females have similar growth and development trajectories in the Scotia Sea. A positive allometric relationship between LS and wet mass was found for each species, as well as a significant (P < 0.0001) linear relationship between otolith size and LS. Growth performance (Ф′) was similar between the two species and congruent with other myctophid species across the Southern Ocean. This study provides important parameters for future Southern Ocean ecosystem studies in a resource management context.
Radiographic evaluation of the forelimbs and hind limbs of marmosets (Callithrix spp.)
Authors: de Souza Siragusi Rafael H. , Rahal Sheila C. , da Silva Jeana P. , Mamprim Maria J. , Rolim Luna S. , Teixeira Carlos R. , de Camargo Barbara W. D. F. , Monteiro Frederico O. B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe maintenance of marmosets in captivity may trigger various disorders. The objective of this study was to provide a radiographic evaluation of the forelimbs and hind limbs of marmosets rescued from illegal wildlife trade and maintained in captivity.MethodsFourteen marmosets were studied.Results and conclusionsThree marmosets were apparently normal. Of the eleven marmosets with radiographic changes in the hind limbs, five had pelvic narrowing and bilateral varus deviation of the femur, with one suggestive of rickets and another of osteomalacia. The other marmosets showed changes such as malunion of acetabular fracture, transtibial amputation, tibial antecurvatum, and knee osteoarthritis. Six marmosets showed alterations in the forelimbs such as radius fracture, scapulohumeral subluxation, and elbow joint incongruence. In conclusion, 78.57% of the marmosets had bone and/or joint changes detected by plain radiography, which were found predominantly in the hind limbs and without impediment to locomotion in captivity.
Reverse Koebner's phenomenon in a case of Lymphohemangioma circumscriptum: A diagnostic clue representative of the Whimster hypothesis
Authors: Sehrawat Manu , Sardana Kabir , Katare Anusha , Malhotra Purnima 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground:Lymphangioma circumscriptum are benign hamartomatous lymphatic growths, diagnosed clinically by the morphology of groups of clear fluid filled to serosanguinous fluid vesicles. MRI is an essential investigation to assess the depth of the lesions.AimTo report an interesting hitherto unreported observation of Reverse Koebner’s phenomenon, which can be used as a new diagnostic technique in Lymphohemagioma.MethodBiopsy was taken for the confirmation of the lesion which is an inflicted iatrogenic trauma which showed Reverse koebner’s phenomenon in the lesion.ResultsIrregular shaped reddish blue painless plaque with rough lobulated surface with discrete firm reddish‐blue painless papules, of varying sizes were biopsied. Post biopsy, significant reduction in size and redness of the lesions noticed.ConclusionDisappearance of the lesions on biopsy indicates reminiscensce of the reverse koebner’s phenonmenon.
The evaluation of long‐pulsed Nd:YAG laser efficacy and side effects in the treatment of cutaneous vessels on the face and legs
Authors: Asiran Serdar Zehra , Fisek Izci Neslihan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundLong‐pulsed Nd:YAG lasers have been used for the treatment of cutaneous vascular lesions on face and leg veins.ObjectiveTo report our experience with long‐pulsed Nd:YAG lasers for the treatment cutaneous vessels on the face and legs.Materials and MethodsA total of 145 patients with cutaneous vessels on the face and the legs were included in this study. All patients received two treatment sessions, first at the beginning and second after four weeks. Patients were evaluated three times: first at the beginning of the therapy, and second and third after the four weekly follow‐ups. The laser settings of each treatment session were recorded. The physician's assessment of treatment efficiency was taken by comparing gross photograph and clinical evaluation. The grade of improvement, as the percent of reduction in the severity of veins after laser treatment, was determined as follows: <25% improvement (mild); 25%–50% improvement (moderate); 51%–75% improvement (good); and >75% improvement (excellent). The side effects were also recorded.ResultsOf the 145 patients who completed the study, 63.6% of patients had vessels on the face, and 36.4% had them on the legs. After the first session, 82.8% of patients have good improvement (51%–75%). After the second session, 78.6% of patients have excellent improvement (>75%). The clinical improvement after the second treatment session was significantly higher than the first treatment session (P ˂ .05). There were no statistical differences between the treatment areas (P ˃ .05). The most common side effect was erythema in 12.4% (P ˃ .05).ConclusionThe Nd:YAG laser is an effective and safe treatment option for the treatment of cutaneous vessels on the face and the legs.
A radiological evaluation of the effects of edentulousness on the temporomandibular joint
Authors: Unal Erzurumlu Zerrin , Celenk Peruze 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe articular eminence of the temporomandibular joint is an anatomical structure exposed to functional loads resulting from masticatory forces. Tooth loss may change the biomechanics of the masticator system, and the articular eminence can be affected by this change.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the edentulousness and the articular eminence inclination of the temporomandibular joint.MethodsThe articular eminence inclination was measured in panoramic radiographs in the right and left temporomandibular joint on a total of 100 patients (50 dentate and 50 edentulous). The articular eminence inclination of dentate and edentulous patients was compared, as well as the influence of gender and duration of edentulousness.ResultsThe mean articular eminence inclination value in the dentate group (42.6 ± 4.30) was higher than that of the edentulous group (35.1 ± 4.70, P < .001). Although there was no significant difference between males and females in the dentate group with regard to articular eminence inclination (42.0 ± 4.70 and 42.9 ± 4.10, respectively, P = .373), in the edentulous group, males had higher values as compared to females (37.1 ± 4.70 and 34.2 ± 4.50, respectively, P = .003). Finally, the duration of edentulousness and the degrees of articular eminence inclination values did not show positive correlations (P = .782).ConclusionAccording to the results of this study, we found that edentulous patients had lower articular eminence inclination than dentate patients, and it was more prominent in female than male patients.
On the conditions of authority in academic publics
Authors: Piller Ingrid 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe discourse of some of the most powerful public figures in today’s world is often incoherent and nonsensical. Incoherent yet authoritative discourse shows that authority does not rest in language but results from non‐linguistic and pre‐textual conditions. The non‐linguistic and pre‐textual conditions are exemplified in an Australian case‐study of a media debate between the Immigration Minister and a refugee, drawing on research by Smith‐Khan (2019a, 2019b). Two such conditions are then examined with reference to academic publics. First, I ask which languages do or do not carry authority, before moving on to speaker identity as a condition of authority. The close association between English and academic excellence has resulted in diminishing the authority of academic publications in languages other than English. The same is true of publications by women and people of colour. I close by reflecting on referencing practices as forms of extending authoritativeness to voices in excluded languages and from excluded scholars in academic publics.
Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on blood pressure in obstructive sleep apnea patients: The Apnea Positive Pressure Long‐term Efficacy Study (APPLES)
Authors: Javaheri Sogol , Gottlieb Daniel J. , Quan Stuart F. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryObstructive sleep apnea is associated with hypertension, and short‐term studies have demonstrated a modest reduction in blood pressure with continuous positive airway pressure therapy. We evaluated the effects of continuous positive airway pressure versus sham continuous positive airway pressure on blood pressure in 1,101 participants with obstructive sleep apnea from the Apnea Positive Pressure Long‐term Efficacy Study, a randomized, sham‐controlled double‐blinded study designed to assess the impact of continuous positive airway pressure on neurocognition. Participants with apnea−hypopnea index ≥ 10 were randomly assigned to continuous positive airway pressure or sham continuous positive airway pressure. Blood pressures measured in the morning and evening at baseline, 2 months and 6 months were analysed post hoc using a mixed‐model repeated‐measures analysis of variance. The largest magnitude reduction was approximately 2.4 mmHg in morning systolic pressure that occurred at 2 months in the continuous positive airway pressure arm as compared with an approximate 0.5 mmHg reduction in the sham group (continuous positive airway pressure effect −1.9 mmHg, p = .008). At 6 months, the difference between groups was diminished and no longer statistically significant (continuous positive airway pressure effect −0.9 mmHg, p = .12). Sensitivity analysis with use of multiple imputation approaches to account for missing data did not change the results. Treatment with continuous positive airway pressure for obstructive sleep apnea reduces morning but not evening blood pressure in a population with well‐controlled blood pressure. The effect was greater after 2 than after 6 months of treatment.
Impacts of culture survival rate on culture cost and input factors: Case study of the hard clam (Meretrix meretrix) culture in Yunlin County, Taiwan
Authors: Chang Chi‐Cheng , Huang Jung‐Fu , Schafferer Christian , Lee Jie‐Min , Ho Li‐Ming 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study applies a translog cost function model to analyze the culture costs and the use of input factors among three groups of hard clam farmer households in Yunlin County, Taiwan, with different survival rates (low‐intermediate, intermediate‐high, and high). The study found that farmer household production in the three observed groups all exhibited economies of scale and could significantly expand the scale of production to lower the average cost. For farmer households with high survival rates, production cost could be reduced by 2.16% by a 10% increase in output. Moreover, the study shows that the survival rate–cost interaction values of farmer households in the intermediate‐high and low‐intermediate survival rate clusters were negative. Therefore, any increase in the survival rate could help lower the culture cost of farmer households. For low‐intermediate farmers, the survival rate–cost interaction value was the most negative; any increase in the survival rate by 10% would decrease the cost per hectare by NT$23,424. For high survival‐rate households, seeding and capital were substitutes, and seeding and feed were complements. As such, farmers would reduce the use of seeding factors when increasing the use of capital and decreasing the use of feed.
Dietary patterns of 6–24‐month‐old children are associated with nutrient content and quality of the diet
Authors: Faber Mieke , Rothman Marinel , Laubscher Ria , Smuts Cornelius M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe determined the associations of dietary patterns with energy/nutrient intakes and diet quality. Previously collected single 24‐hr dietary recalls for children aged 6–11 months (n = 1,585), 12–17 months (n = 1,131), and 18–24 months (n = 620) from four independent studies in low socio‐economic populations in South Africa were pooled. A maximum‐likelihood factor model, with the principal‐factor method, was used to derive dietary (food) patterns. Associations between dietary pattern scores and nutrient intakes were determined using Kendall's Rank Correlations, with Bonferroni‐adjusted significance levels. For both 6–11 months and 12–17 months, the formula milk/reverse breast milk pattern was positively associated with energy and protein intake and mean adequacy ratio (MAR). The family foods pattern (6–11 months) and rice and legume pattern (12–17 months) were positively associated with plant protein, fibre, and PU fat; both for total intake and nutrient density of the complementary diet. These two patterns were also associated with the dietary diversity score (DDS; r = 0.2636 and r = 0.2024, respectively). The rice pattern (18–24 months) showed inverse associations for nutrient intakes and nutrient densities, probably because of its inverse association with fortified maize meal. The more westernized pattern (18–24 months) was positively associated with unfavourable nutrients, for example, saturated fat and cholesterol. These results highlight that underlying dietary patterns varied in terms of energy/nutrient composition, nutrient adequacy, nutrient densities of the complementary diet, and dietary diversity.