bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Registered nurses’ perceptions and experiences of autonomy: a descriptive phenomenological study
Authors: Oshodi Titilayo Olufunke , Bruneau Benjamin , Crockett Rachel , Kinchington Francia , Nayar Shoba , West Elizabeth 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundProfessional autonomy is a key concept in understanding nurses’ roles in delivering patient care. Recent research exploring the role of autonomy in the nursing work environment indicated that English and American nurses had differing perceptions of autonomy. This qualitative study aimed to explore the understanding and experiences of autonomy of nurses working in England.MethodsA descriptive phenomenological analysis of data from 48 semi-structured interviews with registered nurses from two National Health Service (NHS) hospitals (purposive sample) was used to explore the concept of autonomy.ResultsSix themes were identified:working independently; working in a team; having professional skills and knowledge; involvement in autonomy;boundaries around autonomy;anddeveloping autonomy requires support. A key finding was that nurses related autonomy to their clinical work and to the immediate work environment of their ward, rather than to a wider professional context. Nurses also perceived that autonomy could be turned off and on rather than comprising an integrated aspect of nursing.ConclusionsFindings suggest that nurses in England, as framed by the sample, had a local ward-focused view of autonomy in comparison to nurses in America, who were reported to relate autonomy to a wider involvement in hospital level committees. Findings further indicate that autonomy was practiced occasionally, rather than incorporated into practice. Findings highlight the need for nurses in England to adopt a broader perspective and actively contribute to writing hospital guidelines and policies that recognise the importance of autonomy to nurse training and practice.
What happened and why? A programme theory-based qualitative evaluation of a healthcare-academia partnership reform in primary care
Authors: Uvhagen Håkan , Hasson Henna , Hansson Johan , von Knorring Mia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
There is increasing interest in and demands for partnerships between academia and healthcare practices. Few empirical studies have described the influence of such partnerships from a practice perspective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a reform launched to increase integration between primary care and academia and to identify potential reasons for why the observed impact occurred in three areas targeted by the reform: research, student education, and continued professional development.

Methods
The study was conducted in Stockholm County, the largest healthcare region in Sweden, at the introduction of a partnership between primary care and academia, including eight coordinating centres and approximately 500 surrounding primary care units. A programme theory-based qualitative approach to evaluation was used, building on document analysis, and in-depth interviews with the centre managers (n = 6) and coordinators (n = 8) conducted 42–66 months after the initiation of the reform.

Results
The analysis showed that the reform had some impact on all three areas targeted by the reform: research, student education, and continued professional development. The input that contributed most extensively to the impact was the establishment of facilitating roles. Most changes occurred at the coordinating centres and primarily in the area of student education. The effect on student education was primarily due to having prior experience in this area and perceptions of timely benefits of students to care practice.

Conclusions
Partnerships between primary care and academia hold the potential of practice impact. To increase integration between primary care and academia, the components of the integration must be understandable and relevant for primary care practitioners, and importantly, compliant with delivery of primary care.
Evaluation of allogeneic freeze-dried platelet lysate in cartilage exposed to interleukin 1-β in vitro
Authors: Camargo Garbin Livia , McIlwraith C. Wayne , Frisbie David D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundPlatelet-rich plasma (PRP) as well as other platelet-derived products have been used as a potential disease-modifying treatment for musculoskeletal diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA). The restorative properties of such products rely mainly on the high concentrations of growth factors, demonstrating encouraging results experimentally and clinically. Yet, the autologous blood-derived nature of the PRP product lead to limitations that precludes it’s widespread use. The main limitations for PRP use are; product variability, the need for minimum laboratory settings in most cases, and the need for storage at low temperatures to preserve its properties. Based on these limitations, the objective of this study was to investigate an allogeneic off-the-shelf platelet lysate (PL) in cartilage exposed to interleukin 1β (IL-1β). For this purpose, blood and cartilage were harvested from eight skeletally mature and healthy horses. Blood was processed into PL aliquots and divided into three groups (Frozen, Freeze-dried and Filtered freeze-dried), used in autologous and allogeneic conditions and in three different concentrations (1.5, 3 and 6-fold). Different PL preparations were then applied in cartilage culture with interleukin-1 beta and cultured for 10 days. Cartilage and media samples were collected and analyzed for total GAG and35SO4-labeled GAG content.ResultsNo significant differences between the controls and PL groups in cartilage and media were demonstrated. The effects of PL on cartilage matrix were concentration dependent and intermediate concentrations (3-fold) in PL showed increased35SO4-labelled GAG in cartilage.ConclusionIn conclusion, the allogeneic freeze-dried PL presented equivalent effects compared to frozen autologous PL. Intermediate platelet concentration on average demonstrated improved results, demonstrating less GAG loss compared to other concentrations.
Use of the rSpaA415 antigen indicates low rates of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infection in farmed cattle from the United States of America and Great Britain
Authors: Cubas Atienzar Ana I. , Gerber Priscilla F. , Opriessnig Tanja 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundClinical cases ofErysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, a zoonotic gram-positive bacterium, have been reported in many ruminant species, including in cattle, deer, moose and muskoxen. Fatal cases have been repeatedly reported in cattle over the years but to date there is only one Japanese study investigating the seroprevalence of this bacterium in cattle using the growth agglutination test (GAT). This technique is subjective, time-consuming, expensive and hazardous compared to modern serological tests such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) or the newly developed fluorescent microbead-based immunoassays (FMIA).ResultsThe FMIA based on the surface protein SpaA (rSpaA415) antigen ofE. rhusiopathiaedeveloped in this study had an almost perfect agreement with the GAT (k = 0.83) and showed a sensitivity of 89.7% and a specificity of 92.9% when compared to the GAT. Overall, detection rates ofE. rhusiopathiaeantibody positive samples were 13.8% (51/370) in British herds and 6% (12/200) in US herds. Positive cattle were present in 34.3% (24/70) of the investigated British farms and in 34.7% (8/23) of the US farms with an on-farm prevalence of 7.1 to 100% for the British farms and 8.3–30% for the US farms.ConclusionsFMIA is a fast, safe and economic alternative to the GAT for the diagnosis ofE. rhusiopathiaein cattle. This work is the first seroprevalence study ofE. rhusiopathiaein healthy farmed cattle in Great Britain and the US and revealed that infection occurs at a low level. Further investigations to evaluate risks of zoonotic transmission when handling cattle are needed.
Specific growth rate governs AOX1 gene expression, affecting the production kinetics of Pichia pastoris (Komagataella phaffii) PAOX1-driven recombinant producer strains with different target gene dosage
Authors: Garrigós-Martínez Javier , Nieto-Taype Miguel Angel , Gasset-Franch Arnau , Montesinos-Seguí José Luis , Garcia-Ortega Xavier , Valero Francisco 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
The PAOX1-based expression system is the most widely used for producing recombinant proteins in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris (Komagataella phaffii). Despite relevant recent advances in regulation of the methanol utilization (MUT) pathway have been made, the role of specific growth rate (µ) in AOX1 regulation remains unknown, and therefore, its impact on protein production kinetics is still unclear.

Results
The influence of heterologous gene dosage, and both, operational mode and strategy, on culture physiological state was studied by cultivating the two PAOX1-driven Candida rugosa lipase 1 (Crl1) producer clones. Specifically, a clone integrating a single expression cassette of CRL1 was compared with one containing three cassettes over broad dilution rate and µ ranges in both chemostat and fed-batch cultivations. Chemostat cultivations allowed to establish the impact of µ on the MUT-related MIT1 pool which leads to a bell-shaped relationship between µ and PAOX1-driven gene expression, influencing directly Crl1 production kinetics. Also, chemostat and fed-batch cultivations exposed the favorable effects of increasing the CRL1 gene dosage (up to 2.4 fold in qp) on Crl1 production with no significant detrimental effects on physiological capabilities.

Conclusions
PAOX1-driven gene expression and Crl1 production kinetics in P. pastoris were successfully correlated with µ. In fact, µ governs MUT-related MIT1 amount that triggers PAOX1-driven gene expression—heterologous genes included—, thus directly influencing the production kinetics of recombinant protein.
Long non-coding RNA UCA1 promotes breast cancer by upregulating PTP1B expression via inhibiting miR-206
Authors: Li Yi , Zeng Qingan , Qiu Jiliang , Pang Ting , Xian Jianzhong , Zhang Xuexia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 (UCA1) is involved in various cancers and often functions through microRNAs. The pro-survival protein PTP1B is known to play important roles in cancer development. However, the connection between UCA1 and PTP1B in breast cancer is not well studied.

Methods
In this study, we first evaluated the correlation between UCA1 level and PTP1B expression in breast tissues, which showed the expression of PTP1B were much higher in the breast tumor tissues than in the peritumor normal tissues. The UCA1 level was positively associated with PTP1B expression in breast tumor tissues.

Results
We observed that UCA1 could up-regulate PTP1B expression in breast cancer cells. We also found that miR-206 could inhibit the expression of PTP1B by directly binding to the 3′-UTR of its mRNA. Interestingly, UCA1 could increase the expression of PTP1B through sequestering miR-206 at post-transcriptional level. The results also suggested that UCA1-induced PTP1B expression facilitated the proliferation of breast cancer cells.

Conclusions
We conclude that UCA1 can up-regulates PTP1B to enhance cell proliferation through sequestering miR-206 in breast cancer. Our finding provides new insights into the mechanism of breast cancer regulation by UCA1, which could be a potential target for breast cancer treatment.
Trial registration 2012N5hSYSU48573. Registered at Oct 12, 2012
Circ-AKT3 inhibits clear cell renal cell carcinoma metastasis via altering miR-296-3p/E-cadherin signals
Authors: Xue Dingwei , Wang Huan , Chen Yuanlei , Shen Danyang , Lu Jieyang , Wang Mingchao , Zebibula Abudureheman , Xu Liwei , Wu Haiyang , Li Gonghui , Xia Liqun 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Circular RNA (circRNA) is a type of circular endogenous RNA produced by special selective splicing and participates in progression of diverse diseases. However, the role of circRNA in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is still rarely reported.

Methods
We detected lower circ-AKT3 expression in ccRCC using the circular RNA microarray. Then, qPCR array was applied to verify the expression of circ-AKT3 in between 60 ccRCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues, as well as ccRCC cell lines and human normal kidney cell (HK-2). We investigated the function of circ-AKT3 in ccRCC in vitro and in vivo and detected underlying mechanisms by Western blotting, bioinformatic analysis, RNA pull-down assay and luciferase reporter assay.

Results
Circ-AKT3 was verified significantly downregulated in ccRCC. Knockdown of circ-AKT3 promoted ccRCC migration and invasion, while overexpression of circ-AKT3 suppressed ccRCC metastasis. Further, circ-AKT3/miR-296-3p/E-cadherin axis was shown responsible for circ-AKT3 inhibiting ccRCC metastasis.

Conclusion
Circ-AKT3 suppresses ccRCC metastasis by enforcing E-cadherin expression through competitively binding miR-296-3p. Circ-AKT3 may therefore serve as a novel therapeutic to better suppress ccRCC metastasis.
Pathologically confirmed brain metastases from primary uterine cervical tumors: two cases and a literature review
Authors: Bi Yalan , Li Lei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundPathologically confirmed brain metastasis from primary cervical cancer is extremely rare. Herein, we report two cases of intracranial metastasis from cervical cancer that were histopathologically confirmed after surgical excision. In addition, we conducted a literature review to characterize the clinical manifestation, pathogenesis, and treatment of these patients.Case summaryAmong the 1800 patients with primary cervical cancer who received therapy at our center from 2010 to 2018, two patients (0.1%) had definite histopathological evidence of brain metastasis. A 46-year-old female who had a history of poorly differentiated stage IIB cervical cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation presented with a solitary mass in the right occipital lobe 26 months after the initial diagnosis. She underwent surgery and chemotherapy but died of disease progression 9 months later. Another 55-year-old female diagnosed with poorly differentiated stage IVB cervical squamous cancer presented with a solitary mass in the right frontal lobe 16 months after simple hysterectomy. Twelve months later, multiple lesions were observed in the bilateral frontal-parietal lobe. The lesions were treated by surgery and stereotactic radiosurgery. The patient died of multiple organ failure 14 months later.ConclusionThe pathogenesis and best management of brain metastasis from cervical cancer are not clear. Highly invasive subtypes or advanced cancer stages may be the key clinicopathological factors of brain metastasis. Surgical treatment is warranted in patients with a good health status and without metastasis to other sites.
What motivates individuals to volunteer in Ebola epidemic response? A structural approach in Guinea
Authors: Kpanake Lonzozou , Dounamou Togba , Sorum Paul Clay , Mullet Etienne 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
The 2014–2016 Ebola epidemic in West Africa placed greater demands on the affected countries’ already scarce health workforce. Consequently, governments in the most affected West African countries made appeals for volunteers to join Ebola response programs. Those volunteers played an important yet high-risk role in aiding the victims of the Ebola epidemic and in limiting its spread. However, little is known as to what motivated those volunteers to commit themselves to the Ebola response programs. This information is important for planning for volunteer recruitment strategies during future epidemics. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to identify and assess the motivations that led individuals to volunteer for Ebola response programs in West Africa.

Methods
The study participants were 600 persons who volunteered through the Guinean Ebola response program during the 2014–2016 epidemic. From February to May 2016, they were presented with a questionnaire that contained 50 assertions referring to possible motives for volunteering in the Ebola response program and indicated their degree of agreement with each of them on a scale of 0–10. The responses were analyzed using factor analysis.

Results
Seven separable volunteer motivations were identified. “Feeling of patriotic duty” (M = 9.02) and “Feeling of moral responsibility” (M = 8.12) clearly emerged as the most important. Second-tier motivations were “Compliance with authority” (M = 6.66), “Desire to use one’s skills for a collective good” (M = 6.49), “Seeking personal growth” (M = 5.93), “Desire to gain community recognition” (M = 5.13), and “Hoping for a career reorientation” (M = 4.52).

Conclusions
These findings strongly suggest that volunteer recruitment, if needed in future Ebola epidemics, must adopt a multifaceted motivational approach rather than focus on one single motivator. Putting relatively more emphasis on motivational messages referring to patriotic values, as well as to moral responsibility, would likely increase volunteering.
Debating medicalization of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C): learning from (policy) experiences across countries
Authors:   ANSER, Leye Els , Van Eekert Nina , Shamu Simukai , Esho Tammary , Barrett Hazel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) is internationally considered a harmful practice, it is increasingly being medicalized allegedly to reduce its negative health effects, and is thus suggested as a harm reduction strategy in response to these perceived health risks. In many countries where FGM/C is traditionally practiced, the prevalence rates of medicalization are increasing, and in countries of migration, such as the United Kingdom, the United States of America or Sweden, court cases or the repeated issuing of statements in favor of presumed minimal forms of FGM/C to replace more invasive forms, has raised the debate between the medical harm reduction arguments and the human rights approach.Main bodyThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the arguments associated with the medicalization of FGM/C, a trend that could undermine the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 5.3. The paper uses four country case studies, Egypt, Indonesia, Kenya and UK, to discuss the reasons for engaging in medicalized forms of FGM/C, or not, and explores the ongoing public discourse in those countries concerning harm reduction versus human rights, and the contradiction between medical ethics, national criminal justice systems and international conventions. The discussion is structured around four key hotly contested ethical dilemmas. Firstly, that the WHO definition of medicalized FGM/C is too narrow allowing medicalized FGM to be justified by many healthcare professionals as a form of harm reduction which contradicts the medical oath of do no harm. Secondly, that medicalized FGM/C is a human rights abuse with lifelong consequences, no matter who performs it. Thirdly, that health care professionals who perform medicalized FGM/C are sustaining cultural norms that they themselves support and are also gaining financially. Fourthly, the contradiction between protecting traditional cultural rights in legal constitutions versus human rights legislation, which criminalizes FGM/C.ConclusionMore research needs to be done in order to understand the complexities that are facilitating the medicalization of FGM/C as well as how policy strategies can be strengthened to have a greater de-medicalization impact. Tackling medicalization of FGM/C will accelerate the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goal of ending FGM by 2030.
Principal variable selection to explain grain yield variation in winter wheat from features extracted from UAV imagery
Authors: Li Jiating , Veeranampalayam-Sivakumar Arun-Narenthiran , Bhatta Madhav , Garst Nicholas D. , Stoll Hannah , Stephen Baenziger P. , Belamkar Vikas , Howard Reka , Ge Yufeng , Shi Yeyin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundAutomated phenotyping technologies are continually advancing the breeding process. However, collecting various secondary traits throughout the growing season and processing massive amounts of data still take great efforts and time. Selecting a minimum number of secondary traits that have the maximum predictive power has the potential to reduce phenotyping efforts. The objective of this study was to select principal features extracted from UAV imagery and critical growth stages that contributed the most in explaining winter wheat grain yield. Five dates of multispectral images and seven dates of RGB images were collected by a UAV system during the spring growing season in 2018. Two classes of features (variables), totaling to 172 variables, were extracted for each plot from the vegetation index and plant height maps, including pixel statistics and dynamic growth rates. A parametric algorithm, LASSO regression (the least angle and shrinkage selection operator), and a non-parametric algorithm, random forest, were applied for variable selection. The regression coefficients estimated by LASSO and the permutation importance scores provided by random forest were used to determine the ten most important variables influencing grain yield from each algorithm.ResultsBoth selection algorithms assigned the highest importance score to the variables related with plant height around the grain filling stage. Some vegetation indices related variables were also selected by the algorithms mainly at earlier to mid growth stages and during the senescence. Compared with the yield prediction using all 172 variables derived from measured phenotypes, using the selected variables performed comparable or even better. We also noticed that the prediction accuracy on the adapted NE lines (r = 0.58–0.81) was higher than the other lines (r = 0.21–0.59) included in this study with different genetic backgrounds.ConclusionsWith the ultra-high resolution plot imagery obtained by the UAS-based phenotyping we are now able to derive more features, such as the variation of plant height or vegetation indices within a plot other than just an averaged number, that are potentially very useful for the breeding purpose. However, too many features or variables can be derived in this way. The promising results from this study suggests that the selected set from those variables can have comparable prediction accuracies on the grain yield prediction than the full set of them but possibly resulting in a better allocation of efforts and resources on phenotypic data collection and processing.