bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epimerisation and hydrolysis of catechins under ultrasonic treatment
Authors: Zhu Yuchen , Zhang Jie , Chen Fang , Hu Xiaosong , Xu Duoxia , Cao Yanping 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThis study investigated the influence of ultrasonic treatments on the chemical conversions of catechins. Ultrasound treatments significantly enhanced the epimerisation and the hydrolysis of catechins in both the catechins solution and the tea extract solution. Catechins are more stable in the tea extract solution compared to the catechins solution. The conversion of catechins induced by ultrasound can be controlled by temperature and pH. Regard to the pyrogallol‐type catechins, both the epimerisation and the hydrolysis were enhanced at the higher temperatures (60 and 70 °C) and the acidic condition (pH 6). The epimerisation and the hydrolysis of (‐)‐epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) improved by 47% and 18%, respectively, when the temperature rose from 50 to 70 °C. Compared to pH 8, the epimerisation and the hydrolysis of EGCG at pH 6 improved by 27% and 39%, respectively. This study can be utilised to develop appropriate ultrasound‐assisted method to produce particular catechin monomers.
Impact of suicide on health professionals in psychiatric care mental healthcare professionals' perceptions of suicide during ongoing psychiatric care and its impacts on their continued care work
Authors: Rytterström Patrik , Ovox Säidi Margot , Wärdig Rikard , Hultsjö Sally 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPeople who attempt suicide as well as those who actually take their own life often have communicated their suicidal thoughts and feelings to healthcare professionals in some form. Suicidality is one of the most challenging caring situations and the impacts of suicide care affect both the professional and personal lives of healthcare professionals. This study investigates how mental health professionals perceive suicide while providing psychiatric care and how this perception impacts their continued care work. This qualitative exploratory study includes 19 mental health professionals in psychiatry who had provided care for patients who had taken their own life. Analysis followed the principle of phenomenography. The findings reveal that these healthcare professionals experienced an internal conflict that affected them both personally and professionally. In response to these conflicts, the healthcare professionals developed strategies that involved a safety zone and increased vigilance. Those who were able to commute and balance a safe spot and learning to be more vigilant seem to have developed as a result of patient's suicide. These findings have the potential to help establish a post‐suicide caring process where healthcare professionals learn to make better suicide assessments, become more open to talking about death with patients, and develop a humbler approach to understanding a patient's suicide.
Is there an association between viral load, CD4 count, WHO staging, and dental caries in HIV‐positive children?
Authors: Yengopal Veerasamy , Ayodeji Esan Temitope , Joosab Zorayda 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have investigated an association between CD4 counts, viral load (VL), WHO staging, and caries among HIV‐positive (HIV+) children on HAART therapy (>12 months).AimTo determine the strength of association between CD4 counts, WHO staging, VL, and dental caries.DesignThis cross‐sectional analytical study comprised of 355 HIV + children, aged 4‐12 years, attending a hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa. Demographic and clinical data such as decayed (d,D), missing (m,M), filled teeth (f,F) [dmft/DMFT], CD4 counts, and WHO staging were collected. Correlation and regression analyses were done to test for associations.ResultsCaries prevalence for this cohort of children was 57%. The dmft score for the primary dentition was 4.36 (SD 4.87) and DMFT for secondary dentition was 0.58 (SD 1.49). Pearson's correlation analyses showed significant association between VL and CD4 count (P = .003) and VL and WHO stage (P = .007). Weak associations were noted between caries (d, D) and VL, CD4 count, and WHO stage of disease for correlation and regression analyses.ConclusionThere appears to be no substantial evidence of any significant association between the presence of caries among HIV + children and CD4 counts, viral load, and WHO clinical stage of the disease.
Long non‐coding RNA SNGH7 Is activated by SP1 and exerts oncogenic properties by interacting with EZH2 in ovarian cancer
Authors: Bai Zhuanli , Wu YinYing , Bai Shuheng , Yan Yanli , Kang Haojing , Ma Wen , Zhang Jiangzhou , Gao Ying , Hui Beina , Ma Hailin , Li Rong , Zhang Xiaozhi , Ren Juan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLong non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators or a range of diseases and chronic conditions such as cancers, but how they function in the context of ovarian cancer (OC) is poorly understood. The Coding‐Potential Assessment Tool was used to assess the likely protein‐coding potential of SNHG7. SNHG7 expression was elevated in ovarian tumour tissues measured by qRT‐PCR. The online database JASPAR was used to predict the transcription factors binding to SNHG7. Twenty‐four‐well Transwell plates were used for invasion assays. RNA immunoprecipitation was performed to determine RNA‐protein associations. EdU assay was introduced to detect cell proliferation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was performed to confirm the directly interaction between DNA and protein. We discovered that in the context of OC there is a significant up‐regulation of the lncRNA SNHG7. Knocking down this lncRNA disrupted both OC cell invasion and proliferation, while its overexpression had the opposite effect. SP1 binding sites were present in the SNHG7 promoter, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) confirmed direct SP1 binding to this region, activating SNHG7 transcription. We found that at a mechanistic level in OC cells, KLF2 is a probable SNHG7 target, as we found that SHNCCC16 directly interacts with EZH2 and thus represses KLF2 expression. In summary, this research demonstrates that lncRNA SNHG7 is an SP1‐activated molecule that contributes to OC progression by providing a scaffold whereby EZH2 can repress KLF2 expression.
A large familial cluster and sporadic cases of frontal fibrosing alopecia in Brazil reinforce known human leucocyte antigen (HLA) associations and indicate new HLA susceptibility haplotypes
Authors: Ramos P.M. , Garbers L.E.F.M. , Silva N.S.B. , Castro C.F.B. , Andrade H.S. , Souza A.S. , Castelli E.C. , Miot H.A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundFrontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a lymphocytic scarring alopecia whose worldwide incidence is rising. Environmental triggers combined with genetic predisposition represent one of the current hypotheses in FFA aetiology. Familial clusters are opportunities to investigate the genetic basis of diseases.ObjectivesAssess human leucocyte antigen (HLA) genetic variability in a Brazilian sample of a large familial cluster (six sisters and one daughter) with FFA, unnafected familiar members and sporadic cases of FFA.MethodsWe addressed the HLA‐A, HLA‐B, HLA‐C, HLA‐G and HLA‐E genetic variability in this family and in seven sporadic FFA cases, comparing allele frequencies with those reported for the São Paulo State from Brazil.ResultsTwo susceptibility haplotypes, C*17:01:01:02/B*42:01:01:01 and C*07:02:01:03/B*07:02:01:01, were identified among familial cases and also in sporadic cases. The first haplotype is rare among Brazilians, and it was not previously reported as being associated with FFA. Both alleles were found in some different unaffected familiars, what emphasizes the role of environmental triggers in disease development. HLA‐A, HLA‐G and HLA‐E genes were not associated to familiar nor FFA sporadic cases.ConclusionThe identification of susceptibility haplotypes in FFA reinforces the genetic predisposition to the disease.
Truncal acne, what do we know?
Authors: Poli F. , Auffret N. , Leccia M.‐T. , Claudel J.‐P. , Dréno B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTruncal acne is frequently overlooked in dermatological practice, even though it may result in scars and impact on self‐esteem and body image. Therefore, it is important to identify the disease early in order to initiate treatment in time and, thus, to prevent it from worsening and resulting in physical and psychological sequelae. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of what is currently known about truncal acne, its prevalence, aetiology and physiopathology, how its severity is currently evaluated, how to differentiate it from other skin afflictions and current treatment options. A review of literature considering the issue of truncal acne published up to 2019 and available from PubMed was conducted, and in total, 76 articles were selected from PubMed. Currently, only little information about truncal acne is available. Considered as having the same pathophysiology as facial acne, the clinical picture and treatment response seem to differ. Specific acne severity grading systems and quality of life questionnaires as well as a specific treatment algorithm are still lacking. Filling this gap should allow clinicians to assess truncal acne in the best possible way, choosing suitable treatment options, helping patients to improve treatment adherence and quality of life and finally allowing a better management of truncal acne. In conclusion, more knowledge is required to treat more efficiently truncal acne.
Evaluation of safety and efficacy of booster injections of hyaluronic acid in improving the facial skin quality
Authors: Ayatollahi Azin , Firooz Alireza , Samadi Aniseh 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundSkin boosting with small particles of hyaluronic acid (HA) is a new method of skin rejuvenation.AimHere, we aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of booster injections of noncross‐linked HA in improving the facial skin quality.MethodsA total of 20 men and women age 40.15 ± 6.63 years were treated with 3 injections of noncross‐linked HA (1‐2 mL) with intervals of 3 weeks. Skin hydration and elasticity parameters were evaluated before intervention and 1 week and 4 months later. Facial skin improvement also evaluated using physician's global assessment score (PGA).ResultsSkin hydration increased 1 week and 4 months after last treatment, (P > .05). Skin firmness (R0) reduced significantly at week 1 and month 4 (P‐value = .01 and .00). Skin‐tiring effect/fatigue (R3) showed significant decrease at week 1 and month 4 (P‐value = .01 and .00, respectively). Four months after last treatment skin gross elasticity (R2) and net elasticity (R5) also increased significantly (P‐value = .00). Physician's global assessment 1 week and 4 months after last treatment were 2.33 ± 0.76 and 1.35 ± 0.49 out of 4, respectively. Adverse effects were mostly transient and mild in severity.ConclusionBooster therapy with HA is a safe and well‐tolerated procedure, and results in improvement in skin elasticity and relative increase in skin hydration.
Morphological and molecular identification of Colletotrichum siamense, a novel leaf pathogen associated with Sterculia lanceolata recorded in China
Authors: Zhang Yaowen , Long Di , Wang Jiawen , Li Qiqin , Wang Zhongwen , Lin Wei , Yuan Gaoqing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSterculia lanceolata, an important tropical woody plant, has high ornamental and medicinal value. To our knowledge, only brown root disease in this plant has been reported. In Nanning, Guangxi, China, an outbreak of leaf blight disease was observed on S. lanceolata in June 2019, with the leaf infection rate ranging from 80% to 100%. The disease seriously affected the leaves of trees and caused economic loss. Eight isolates were recovered from the infected leaves of different trees, and the pathogenicity was then determined by the methods of mycelial disc and conidial suspension, fulfilling Koch's postulates. According to the morphological and molecular biological characteristics of isolates, the pathogen causing leaf blight on S. lanceolata was identified as Colletotrichum siamense. Accurate identification of the pathogen provides a reliable basis for the control of the disease.
In vitro efficacy and pharmacodynamic profiles of four polyether ionophores against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus spp.
Authors: Hickey Elizabeth E. , Page Stephen W. , Trott Darren J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and pharmacodynamic profiles of four ionophores (lasalocid, monensin, narasin and salinomycin) against staphylococcal isolates from clinical cases of human and veterinary staphylococcal infections, and to determine the effect of methicillin resistance on the antimicrobial activity of ionophores. Broth microdilution MIC testing was used to determine antimicrobial activity against 156 staphylococcal isolates of human and veterinary origin. Pharmacodynamic profiles were examined using time‐kill kinetics profiles against an ATCC type strain of Staphylococcus aureus and a clinical isolate of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. All tests were performed in accordance with CLSI guidelines. All four ionophores demonstrated antimicrobial activity against methicillin‐resistant staphylococci at concentrations similar to those observed for methicillin‐susceptible isolates of the same species. Testing of human and veterinary MRSA isolates also showed that MIC values were not influenced by the host origin of the isolates. Pharmacodynamic profiles were similar for both isolates tested across all four ionophores, with similar reductions in viable cell counts being observed over an 18‐ to 24‐hr period. Lasalocid, monensin, narasin and salinomycin all demonstrated antimicrobial activity against staphylococcal isolates of human and veterinary origins, with activity being unaffected by methicillin resistance status, although some Staphylococcus species‐specific effects were observed that require further investigation.
Trait‐based aerial dispersal of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Authors: Chaudhary V. Bala , Nolimal Sarah , Sosa‐Hernández Moisés A. , Egan Cameron , Kastens Jude 
Published: May 2020

Summary

Dispersal is a key process driving local‐scale community assembly and global‐scale biogeography of plant symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities. A trait‐based approach could improve predictions regarding how AM fungal aerial dispersal varies by species.

We conducted month‐long collections of aerial AM fungi for 12 consecutive months in an urban mesic environment at heights of 20 m. We measured morphological functional traits of collected spores and assessed aerial AM fungal community structure both morphologically and with high‐throughput sequencing.

Large numbers of AM fungal spores were present in the air over the course of 1 yr, and these spores exhibited traits that facilitate aerial dispersal. Measured aerial spores were smaller than average for Glomeromycotinan fungi. Trait‐based predictions indicate that nearly one third of described species from diverse genera demonstrate the potential for aerial dispersal. Diversity of aerial AM fungi was relatively high (20 spore species and 17 virtual taxa), and both spore abundance and community structure shifted temporally.

The prevalence of aerial dispersal in AM fungi is perhaps greater than previously indicated, and a hypothesized model of AM fungal aerial dispersal mechanisms is presented. Anthropogenic soil impacts may liberate AM fungal propagules initiating the dispersal of ruderal species.
A saline contrast‐enhanced echocardiography‐guided approach to cryoballoon ablation
Authors: Kanda Takashi , Masuda Masaharu , Kurata Naoya , Asai Mitsutoshi , Iida Osamu , Okamoto Shin , Ishihara Takayuki , Nanto Kiyonori , Tsujimura Takuya , Okuno Shota , Matsuda Yasuhiro , Hata Yosuke , Mano Toshiaki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary vein isolation (PVI) with a cryoballoon usually uses iodinated contrast medium for confirmation of venous occlusion. We hypothesized that an alternative to angiography with iodinated contrast, saline bolus‐enhanced echocardiography with the microbubbles formed in situ, could be used to assess venous occlusion. We sought to assess the efficacy and safety of the contrast‐enhanced intracardiac echocardiographic (ICE) approach.MethodsThirty‐four consecutive patients without iodine sensitivity or renal insufficiency were studied to assess the accuracy of ICE‐guided PV occlusion underwent both angiographic guidance and ICE guidance (validation group). Twenty consecutive patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) and contraindications to iodinated contrast medium (ICE‐guided group) underwent PV occlusion and ablation with ICE guidance alone. Procedural results and clinical outcomes were compared with those of 245 control patients undergoing PVI by the conventional angiographic method (control group).ResultsIn the validation group, ICE‐guided PV occlusion was as effective as angiography‐guided PV occlusion. In the ICE‐guided group, two patients required touch‐up ablation using a radiofrequency ablation catheter with fluoroscopic guidance. Procedure time, radiation exposure, and requirements for touch‐up ablation were similar between the ICE‐guided group and the control group. In patients requiring only PVI, the ICE‐guided approach involved significantly less radiation exposure than the conventional approach. There was no significant difference in atrial fibrillation (AF)‐free survival rate between the two groups during a follow‐up period of 14 ± 6 months.ConclusionsAn echo‐guided approach using saline infusion was effective in terms of avoidance of iodinated contrast use and radiation exposure.
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as diagnostic criteria for diabetes: the optimal cut-off points values for the Pakistani population; a study from second National Diabetes Survey of Pakistan (NDSP) 2016–2017
Authors: Basit Abdul , Fawwad Asher , Abdul Basit Khalid , Waris Nazish , Tahir Bilal , Siddiqui Iftikhar Ahmed 
Published: May 2020

AimGlycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) cut-off values as diagnostic tool in diabetes and prediabetes with its concordance to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in Pakistani population.MethodologyData for this substudy was obtained from second National Diabetes Survey of Pakistan (NDSP) 2016–2017. With this survey, 10 834 individuals were recruited and after excluding known subjects with diabetes, 6836 participants fulfilled inclusion criteria for this study. Demographic, anthropometric and biochemical parameters were obtained. OGTT was used as standard diagnostic tool to screen population and HbA1c for optimal cut-off values. Participants were categorized into normal glucose tolerance (NGT), newly diagnosed diabetes (NDD) and prediabetes.ResultsOut of 6836 participants, 4690 (68.6%) had NGT, 1333 (19.5%) had prediabetes and 813 (11.9%) had NDD by OGTT criteria with median (IQR) age of 40 (31–50) years. Optimal HbA1c cut-off point for identification of diabetes and prediabetes was observed as 5.7% ((AUC (95% CI)=0.776 (0.757 to 0.795), p<0.0001)) and 5.1% ((AUC (95% CI)=0.607 (0.590 to 0.624), p<0.0001)), respectively. However, out of 68.6% NGT subjects identified through OGTT, 24.1% and 9.3% participants were found to have prediabetes and NDD, respectively by using HbA1c criteria. By using both OGTT and HbA1c criteria, only 7.9% and 7.3% were observed as prediabetes and diabetes, respectively.ConclusionFindings from second NDSP demonstrated disagreement between findings of OGTT and HbA1c as diagnostic tool for Pakistani population. As compared with international guidelines, HbA1c threshold for prediabetes and NDD were lower in this part of world. HbA1c as diagnostic tool might require ethnic or regional-based modification in cut-off points, validated by relevant community-based epidemiological surveys.
Mental health interventions for suicide prevention among indigenous adolescents: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Grande Antonio José , Elia Christelle , Peixoto Clayton , Jardim Paulo de Tarso Coelho , Dazzan Paola , Veras Andre Barciela , Cruickshank John Kennedy , Harding Seeromanie 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionThere are more than 370 million indigenous people from 5000 cultures living in 90 countries worldwide. Although they make up 5% of the global population, they account for 15% of the extreme poor. Youth suicide is the second leading cause of mortality among 15–29 years old and disproportionately affects indigenous youth. This research protocol pertains to a systematic review of studies that use a comparator/control group to evaluate the effectiveness of suicide interventions targeting indigenous adolescents (aged 10–19 years).Methods and analysisWe will conduct a systematic search on MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, LILACS and PsycINFO from inception to September 2019 to identify articles that compare mental health interventions for suicide prevention among indigenous adolescents. Two reviewers will independently determine the eligibility of each study. Studies will be assessed for methodological quality using the risk of bias tool to assess non-randomised studies of interventions. We will conduct a meta-analysis if possible and use established statistical methods to identify and control for heterogeneity where appropriate.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review will use published data and does not require ethics approval. However, this review is in preparation of a feasibility study that will examine how best to support the physical and mental health of indigenous adolescents in Brazil. Ethics approval for the feasibility study was obtained from National Research Ethics Commission. Findings will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication and will be made available to key decision-makers with authority for indigenous health and other relevant stakeholders.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019141754.
How self-stigma affects patient activation in persons with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kato Asuka , Fujimaki Yuko , Fujimori Shin , Isogawa Akihiro , Onishi Yukiko , Suzuki Ryo , Ueki Kohjiro , Yamauchi Toshimasa , Kadowaki Takashi , Hashimoto Hideki 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesSelf-stigma is associated with lower patient activation levels for self-care in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the causal pathway linking self-stigma with patient activation for self-care has not been shown. In order to determine how self-stigma affects patient activation for self-care, we tested a two-path hypothetical model both directly and as mediated by self-esteem and self-efficacy.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingTwo university hospitals, one general hospital and one clinic in Japan.ParticipantsT2DM outpatients receiving treatment (n=209) completed a self-administered questionnaire comprising the Self-Stigma Scale, Patient Activation Measure, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire, haemoglobin A1c test, age, sex and body mass index.Primary and secondary outcome measuresSelf-stigma levels were measured by using the Self-Stigma Scale. Patient activation levels were measured by the Patient Activation Measure.ResultsPath analysis showed a strong relationship between self-stigma and patient activation (χ2=27.55, p=0.120; goodness-of-fit index=0.97; adjusted goodness-of-fit index=0.94; comparative fit index=0.98; root mean square error of approximation=0.04). Self-stigma had a direct effect on patient activation (β=−0.20; p=0.002). Indirectly, self-stigma affected patient activation along two paths (β=0.31; p<0.001) by reducing self-esteem (β=−0.22; p<0.001) and self-efficacy (β=−0.36; p<0.001).ConclusionsDue to the cross-sectional design of the study, longitudinal changes between all the variables cannot be established. However, the findings indicate that self-stigma affected patient activation for self-care, both directly and as mediated by self-esteem and self-efficacy. Interventions that increase self-esteem and self-efficacy may decrease self-stigma in patients with T2DM, thus increasing patient activation for self-care.