bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Corpus-Based Analysis of Deontic Modality of Obligation and Prohibition in Arabic/English Constitutions
Authors: El-Farahaty Hanem , Elewa Abdelhamid 
Published: December 2020

It is argued that legal language should be formal, precise and clear to avoid ambiguity and/or misunderstanding. As rights and duties are communicated through modals, clarity and precision in drafting and translating them is crucial. Otherwise, there is a possibility of conveying loose messages in the source text or different and/or inconsistent messages in the target text. However, the drafting of Arabic modal expressions does not follow clear guidelines, and their translation differs from one translator to another. This paper investigates how deontic modality of obligation and prohibition is used in The Leeds Annotated Parallel Corpus of Arabic-English Constitutions in comparison to The Leeds Monolingual Corpus of English Constitutions. More specifically, the paper presents a classification of these modal expressions and investigates the different lexical variants expressed in a Corpus of Arabic Constitutions. The paper uses corpus-based tools to analyse the different lexical forms used for deontic modality of obligation and prohibition in Arabic and how they are rendered into English. Results of such analysis are compared to a non-translated Corpus of English Constitutions to find out whether the deontic meaning of the modals is comparable to the set of deontic modals used in the constitutions originally drafted in English. The corpus-based analysis gave a detailed classification of a variety of modal expressions used in the Arabic Corpus. It also showed that the translation of deontic modals of obligation and prohibition from Arabic into English is influenced by the source text lexical variations; however, the corpus techniques employed in the study managed to capture some comparable modals in both corpora.
A case of aortic dissection with highly suggestive features of COVID-19
Authors: Shahzad Tahir , Mohamed Salih Mustafa Mulham , Bhutta Zain A. , Edmund Harris Tim Richard 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Aortic dissection is a cardiovascular emergency with an overall in-hospital mortality rate of 27.4%, and with every hour without intervention, the mortality rate increases by 1%–2% in the first 48 hours. Thoracic aortic dissection typically presents with tearing chest, back, or abdominal pain. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus 2 (SARS–Cov2), which has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) and usually manifests with respiratory symptoms, including cough, shortness of breath, flu-like symptoms, and fever. This case report highlights an important impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the identification and management of aortic dissection in the emergency department.
Case report: A 35-year-old Bahraini male, a suspected case of Marfan syndrome, presented with complaints of shortness of breath and worsening productive cough after returning from the United States (U.S). He denied any chest, back, or abdominal pain, dizziness, weakness in any limb, gait disturbance, headache, or change in vision. He was considered high risk for COVID-19 because of the recent travel and respiratory symptoms and was diagnosed incidentally with ascending aortic dissection along with a right lung consolidation. His SARS–Cov2 PCR came negative thrice during hospital stay, and he underwent elective cardiothoracic surgery.
Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has been a major stressor for the healthcare system worldwide, inflicting serious threats. Aortic dissection is one of the major life-threatening diseases that needs to be identified early on in the emergency department; however, in this case delayed diagnosis raised significant concerns due to underlying evolving triaging system for COVID-19 and atypical and overlapping clinical presentation. Further research is needed to look for COVID-19–associated factors, affecting the standard of care in the emergency department. Improving handover can directly impact patient care; therefore, it should be optimized.
Conflictividad en la aplicación del derecho laboral al personal religioso
Authors: Vidal Gallardo Mercedes 
Published: December 2020

El régimen del personal de las confesiones religiosas representa un ámbito que ha quedado excluido de cualquier intervención o control estatal, por exigencias del principio de laicidad. El propósito de este estudio es analizar si estamos en presencia de un ámbito de autonomía absoluta e ilimitada, que bajo ningún concepto permita interferencia estatal alguna, como garantía y defensa de la identidad de la confesión religiosa o, por el contrario, las relaciones que vinculan a las confesiones con su personal en el desempeño de servicios profesionales, deberían no sólo estar sometidas al orden público y a cada uno de los elementos que lo integran, en los términos previstos en el art. 3.1 de la LOLR, es decir, la salvaguardia de la seguridad, de la salud y de la moralidad pública, sino también limitadas por los derechos y libertades reconocidos en la Constitución y, es especial, los de libertad, igualdad y no discriminación, de los que es titular el personal religioso que trabaja para la Confesión.
The issue of the personnel regime of religious confessions was an area that should be excluded from any intervention or state control by requirements of the principle of secularism. The purpose of this study is to analyze if we are in the presence of a sphere of absolute and unlimited autonomy, which under no circumstances allows any state interference as a guarantee and defense of the identity of the religious confession or, on the contrary, the relationships that link the Confessions with their staff in the performance of professional services, should be subject not only to public order and to each one of the elements that comprise it, in the terms provided in art. 3.1 of the LOLR, that is, the safeguarding of security, health and public morality, but should also be limited by the rights and freedoms recognized in the Constitution and, especially, those of freedom, equality and non-discrimination, of which the religious personnel who work for the Confession are entitled.
La necesidad de reformar la medida de seguridad libertad vigilada
Authors: Salat Paisal Marc 
Published: December 2020

Después de casi una década desde la introducción en el Código penal español de la medida de seguridad libertad vigilada solo es posible plantear si quiera más dudas sobre su regulación, imposición y sobre todo su ejecución de los que en su día surgieron por parte de la doctrina especializada. En el presente trabajo se pretende se expondrá brevemente cual es el estado de la cuestión de la realidad práctica de la libertad vigilada en España para luego pasar al análisis de la regulación de instituciones jurídicas de naturaleza similar en el Derecho anglosajón con el objetivo de comprender cómo allí se está planteando su ejecución y sobre todo cómo es regulada. El objetivo final no es otro que buscar en el Derecho comparado posibles soluciones a la falta de regulación de la ejecución de la libertad vigilada regulada en el art. 106 del Código penal español.
Almost a decade after the introduction the supervised release in the Spanish Criminal Code, it is only possible to raise even more doubts about its regulation, imposition and above all its execution. This paper will briefly explain the state of the question of the practical reality of supervised release in Spain and then analyse the regulation of similar legal institutions in Anglo-Saxon law in order to understand how it is regulated and above all executed. The final objective is none other than to seek in comparative law possible solutions to the lack of regulation of the Spanish supervised release’s execution.
La inacusatividad y la alternancia causativa. El caso de los clíticos marginales en el español rioplatense
Authors: Arias Juan José 
Published: December 2020

El siguiente artículo pretende analizar la presencia del clítico marginal la en estructuras inacusativas del español rioplatense, más específicamente con un subgrupo de los llamados verbos existenciales-presentacionales (Masullo 2014), los cuales comprenden distintos tipos de verbos de compleción gradual (Rappaport-Hovav 2015): verbos de cambio de estado de escala abierta o de múltiples puntos (e.g. adelgazarla, empeorarla, mejorarla), de escala cerrada o de dos puntos (e.g. morirla, pirarla, palmarla), como así también verbos de movimiento o cambio de ubicación (e.g. aparecerla, llegarla, volverla). Basada en los principios de la Morfología Distribuida (Halle & Marantz 1993, y trabajos posteriores), nos proponemos demostrar que la presencia de este clítico acusativo con verbos inacusativos se trata de un fenómeno productivo y composicional del español rioplatense. En concreto, postulamos que la es un clítico morfológico o post-sintáctico (Pujalte & Saab 2012), en tanto es un elemento con propiedades expletivas no presente en la sintaxis que se inserta en FF. Argumentaremos a favor de que la es un alomorfo de Ø y que ambos exponentes compiten con el clítico anticausativo se para lexicalizar rasgos asociados al núcleo Voz. En líneas generales, los datos analizados de la variedad rioplatense ofrecen evidencia a favor de que la ausencia de se en las variantes anticausativas simples no debe equipararse con la ausencia de estructura, sino más bien con la presencia de un morfema nulo Ø en la posición de Voz.
Quantification of Piperine by TLC Densitometer Method and Forced Degradation Study in a Classical Ayurvedic Formulation-Trikatu Churna
Authors: Qadir Abdul , Ansari Shahid Husain , Ahmad Sayeed , Ahmad Adil , Taleuzzaman Mohamad 
Published: December 2020

Developed a thin layer chromatography (TLC) method for the quantification of piperine in Trikatu Churna formulation it is a major and important ingredient in the formulation. TLC methods for the determination of piperine in the Trikatu churna along with its raw materials have been developed, as per the ICH guideline. The developed method has been validated, experimented with parameters like linearity, accuracy, the limit of detection, the limit of quantification, inter-day and intra-day assay precision, repeatability of measurement, and repeatability of a sample application. Performed a degradation study in different conditions. Prepared a calibration curve in the concentration range (100-800 ng/spot) with correlation coefficients r2 (0.997) with Rf value 0.46 ± 0.03. The Limit of detection (LOD) and Limit of quantification (LOQ) value has 100 ng and 329 ng, respectively. The maximum degradation found in the bench top (98%) follow with an acidic condition (86%), almost similar in the range of condition basic, oxidation and wet (75-77%), and a minimum in dry heat condition (49%). The freeze-thaw stability study, the accelerated stability study, the real-time stability study result of these conditions almost is the same range (92-99%).
Development and Feasibility of a Very Low-cost, Home-made, Near Infrared lymphatic Imaging Device
Authors: Montoya P. T. Luis López , Valadez M. D. Luis Roberto García , López P. T. Yucari , Sandoval P. T. Joceline , Montoya P. T. Angel López , Alcaraz P. T. Itzel , Paz P. T. Claudia 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Near Infrared (NIR), lymphatic Imaging is an emergent imaging technique used to assess superficial lymphatic structures and its function. It uses a NIR light source and a special camera that detects the fluorescence of a non-radioactive dye called indocyanine green (ICG), which is injected subdermally and its way through lymphatic capillaries, making this device useful in the diagnosis and follow up of lymphatic diseases.
Objective: To show (NIR) step-by-step development of a feasible, user-friendly, and low-cost homemade Near Infrared (NIR) lymphatic imaging device.
Methods: Using worldwide available components such as a customized laser and a modified webcam, we assembled what is a functional plug and play NIR lymphatic imaging device and evaluated its function with a 25-year-old healthy woman.
Conclusion: It is feasible to build a functional, homemade, low-cost Near Infrared (NIR) lymphatic imaging device in a tenth of its value.
Multiple-Antibiotic Resistance and Presence of CTX-M Genes among Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from Different Sources in Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: A. Adeleke, Olufeyikemi , A. Owoseni, Abimbola 
Published: December 2020

Aims: Assessment of the antibiotic resistance pattern and detection of genes responsible for the β-lactam resistance in enterobacteria isolated from different sources was carried out in the course of the study.
Place and Duration of Study: Samples from different sources in Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria including Abattoir and Cow ranch. The study was done August 2015 to May 2016.
Methodology: Isolation was done on nutrient agar, xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD) and identified using standard procedures. Antibiotic multidisc containing the following ceftazidime (30 µg), cefruroxime (30 µg), gentamicin (10 µg), ciprofloxacin (5 µg), ofloxacin (5 µg), augmentin (30 µg), nitrofurantoin (300 µg), and ampicillin ( ) were used to study the resistance patterns of the bacteria. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was carried out to screen for CTX-M gene in beta-lactam resistant isolates and statistical analyses were carried out using the analysis of variance test (ANOVA) and the PAST (paleontology statistics) software analytical package where applicable.
Results: Fifty-two (52) entrobacteria consisting of nine genera (9) were isolated and identified, Serratia (13), Enterobacter (11), Klebsiella (6), E. coli (5), Proteus (5), Salmonella (3), Shigella (3), Citrobacter (3), and Yersinia (3). The highest resistance observed by the isolates was to ampicillin (80.7%) followed by augmentin (40%) and 33% resistance of the isolates to cefuroxime, while all the isolates were sensitive to ceftazidime, gentamicin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and nitrofurantoin. Nineteen of the isolates were resistant to three or more of the tested antibiotics i.e. multiple resistance while five of the multidrug resistant isolates show the presence of CTX-M β-lactam resistance gene which seems to be responsible for their resistance to the β-lactam antibiotic tested.
Conclusion: There are a number of organisms in the environment that have developed multiple resistances to several antibiotics and in view of this thwart treatment; of major concern are the Enterobacteriaceae family in which new resistance characteristics have been discovered leading to increasing resistance to standard available drug therapies.
The Impact of a Medical Education Research Faculty Development Program on Career Development, Through the Lens of Social Cognitive Career Theory
Authors: Jordan Jaime , Coates Wendy C. , Gottlieb Michael , Soares William E. , Shah Kaushal H. , Love Jeffrey N. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe Medical Education Research Certificate at the Council of Residency Directors in Emergency Medicine (MERC at CORD), a specialized adaptation of the Association of American Medical Colleges MERC program, provides faculty development in education research in emergency medicine. However, its long‐term influence on career development remains unknown. Our study explored the impact of MERC at CORD on career development through the lens of social cognitive career (SCC) theory.MethodsThis was a prospective qualitative study using a constructivist/interpretivist paradigm to assess long‐term career development outcomes. A purposeful randomized stratified sampling strategy of MERC at CORD graduates (2011–2014) ensured diversity of representation (sex, region, number of research publications, and project group leadership). Subjects were invited by e‐mail to participate in semistructured phone interviews. Thematic analysis by two independent reviewers followed an iterative process until saturation was reached.ResultsTwelve graduates were interviewed. All engaged with MERC at CORD early in their careers with minimal previous education research experience. Currently, all hold medical education leadership positions. Graduates had a mean of 19.3 publications (range = 9–43). Themes explaining reasons for participating in MERC at CORD include: desire for education research skills, recommendation of mentors/colleagues, and accessibility. Themes citing the program’s value to career development include networking/collaboration, mentorship, informational framework to build upon, and the application of theoretical knowledge through experiential learning. MERC at CORD impacted career development aligning with the core domains of SCC theory including self‐efficacy, outcome expectations, and goals.ConclusionMERC at CORD enhanced the long‐term career development of participants by providing a core knowledge framework in a mentored, experiential learning environment. Participants identified themes aligned with SCC theory as influential in their long‐term career advancement in medical education including the development of education research skills, successful completion of education research, career acceleration, promotion, niche development, and formulation of professional goals.
The Characteristics of Disulfide‐Centered Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Li Xiaolong , Lu Tao , Obenchain Daniel A. , Zhang Jiaqi , Herbers Sven , Grabow Jens‐Uwe , Feng Gang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe disulfide‐centered hydrogen bonds in the three different model systems of diethyl disulfide⋅⋅⋅H2O/H2CO/HCONH2 clusters were characterized by high‐resolution Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy and quantum chemical computations. The global minimum energy structures for each cluster are experimentally observed and are characterized by one of the three different S−S⋅⋅⋅H−C/N/O disulfide‐centered hydrogen bonds and two O⋅⋅⋅H−C hydrogen bonds. Non‐covalent interaction and natural bond orbital analyses further confirm the experimental observations. The symmetry‐adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) analysis reveals that electrostatic is dominant in diethyl disulfide⋅⋅⋅H2O/HCONH2 clusters being consistent with normal hydrogen bonds, whilst dispersion takes over in diethyl disulfide⋅⋅⋅H2CO cluster. Our study gives accurate structural parameters for the disulfide bond involved non‐covalent clusters providing important benchmarking data for the theoretical evaluation of more complex systems.
Zn‐Cu‐In‐S‐Se Quinary “Green” Alloyed Quantum‐Dot‐Sensitized Solar Cells with a Certified Efficiency of 14.4 %
Authors: Song Han , Lin Yu , Zhou Mengsi , Rao Huashang , Pan Zhenxiao , Zhong Xinhua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe photoelectronic properties of quantum dots (QDs) have a critical impact on the performance of quantum‐dot‐sensitized solar cells (QDSCs). Currently, I‐III‐VI group QDs have become the mainstream light‐harvesting materials in high‐performance QDSCs. However, it is still a great challenge to achieve satisfactory efficiency for light‐harvesting, charge extraction, and charge collection simultaneously in QDSCs. We design and prepare Zn0.4Cu0.7In1.0SxSe2−x (ZCISSe) quinary alloyed QDs by cation/anion co‐alloying strategy. The critical photoelectronic properties of target QDs, including band gap, conduction band energy level, and density of defect trap states, can be conveniently tailored. Experimental results demonstrate that the ZCISSe quinary alloyed QDs can achieve an ideal balance among light‐harvesting, photogenerated electron extraction, and charge‐collection efficiencies in QDSCs compared to its single anion or cation quaternary alloyed QD counterparts. Consequently, the quinary alloyed QDs boost the certified efficiency of QDSCs to 14.4 %, which is a new efficiency record for liquid‐junction QD solar cells.
Macrocyclic glycopeptide‐based chiral selectors for enantioseparation in sub/supercritical fluid chromatography
Authors: Folprechtová Denisa , Kalíková Květa 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIncreasing number of reported works dealing with macrocyclic glycopeptide‐based columns in sub/supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) points to the growing interest in this area. With the development and production of sub 2 µm fully porous particles and superficially porous particles with bonded macrocyclic glycopeptides, significant improvements have been made in ultrafast high efficiency chiral SFC. This review article gives an overview of macrocyclic glycopeptide‐based chiral selectors that were used in theoretical studies and/or applications in SFC. The review covers the period from 1997 when macrocyclic glycopeptides were first used in SFC till the end of July 2020 according to Web of Science. This work can also be helpful to analysts searching for an appropriate method for the separation/determination of enantiomers of their interest.
Study of Tofacitinib in Refractory Dermatomyositis: An Open‐Label Pilot Study of Ten Patients
Authors: Paik Julie J. , Casciola‐Rosen Livia , Shin Joseph Yusup , Albayda Jemima , Tiniakou Eleni , Leung Doris G. , Gutierrez‐Alamillo Laura , Perin Jamie , Florea Liliana , Antonescu Corina , Leung Sherry G. , Purwin Grazyna , Koenig Andrew , Christopher‐Stine Lisa 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveThis open‐label 12‐week study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib, a JAK inhibitor, in treatment‐refractory active dermatomyositis (DM).MethodsTofacitinib in extended‐release doses of 11 mg was administered daily to 10 subjects with DM. Prior to treatment, a complete washout of all steroid‐sparing agents was performed. The primary outcome measure was assessment of disease activity improvement based on the International Myositis Assessment and Clinical Studies group definition of improvement. Response rate was measured as the total improvement score according to the 2016 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) myositis response criteria. Secondary outcome measures included Cutaneous Dermatomyositis Disease Area and Severity Index (CDASI) scores, chemokine levels, immunohistochemical analysis of STAT1 expression in the skin, RNA sequencing analysis, and safety.ResultsAt 12 weeks, the primary outcome was met in all 10 subjects. Five (50%) of 10 subjects experienced moderate improvement in disease activity, and the other 50% experienced minimal improvement according to the 2016 ACR/EULAR myositis response criteria. The secondary outcome of the mean change in the CDASI activity score over 12 weeks was statistically significant (mean ± SD 28 ± 15.4 at baseline versus 9.5 ± 8.5 at 12 weeks) (P = 0.0005). Serum chemokine levels of CXCL9/CXCL10 showed a statistically significant change from baseline. A marked decrease in STAT1 signaling in association with suppression of interferon target gene expression was demonstrated in 3 of 9 skin biopsy samples from subjects with dermatomyositis. The mean ± SD level of creatine kinase in the 10 subjects at baseline was 82 ± 34.8 IU/liter, highlighting that disease activity was predominantly located in the skin.ConclusionThis is the first prospective, open‐label clinical trial of tofacitinib in DM that demonstrates strong clinical efficacy of a pan‐JAK inhibitor, as measured by validated myositis response criteria. Future randomized controlled trials using JAK inhibitors should be considered for treating DM.