bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability and validity of the self‐report version of the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire – Revised (EATQ‐R) Short Form in a Turkish sample
Authors: Demirpence Dilara , Putnam Samuel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper presents the first study to examine the psychometric qualities of a Turkish translation and adaptation of the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire – Revised (EATQ‐R). Participants included 1,109 Turkish adolescents (48.7% females) aged 11 to 15 years. Results showed that internal consistency of the broad EATQ‐R factors ranged from .65 to .74, internal consistency of the 11 fine‐grained scales was comparable to that reported for the original English instrument, and test–retest stability of EATQ‐R scales ranged from .60 to .70. Principal axis factoring of the scales revealed a three‐factor structure (Effortful Control, Surgency, and Affiliativeness) that roughly reflected the structure obtained in U.S. samples. Item‐level factor analysis revealed and confirmed eight factors consistent with a priori scales. Concurrent validity, assessed through correlations between EATQ‐R and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) subscales, found that Effortful Control was negatively correlated with Total Difficulties and Hyperactivity‐Inattention Problems; Effortful Control, Affiliativeness, and Surgency were positively correlated with Prosocial Behaviors; and Frustration was linked to Emotional, Conduct, Hyperactivity‐Inattention, and Total Difficulties. Our results suggest that the EATQ‐R is a useful questionnaire to measure reactive and regulative temperamental traits in Turkish children and adolescents.
Features of anticholinergic prescriptions and predictors of high use in the elderly: Population‐based study
Authors: Joung Kyung‐in , Shin Ju‐Young , Cho Sung‐il 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeOlder people are especially vulnerable to negative anticholinergic effects. Although anticholinergic drugs are commonly used among older people, drugs with potent antimuscarinic properties are considered as potentially inappropriate medications for older people. Here, we examined features of anticholinergic use and investigated predictors for the high use of strong anticholinergic agents (ACs) in the elderly.MethodsA total of 388,629 Korean elderly aged ≥70 years were recruited from the 2012 National Health Insurance Service Elderly cohort database. The use of ACs in 2012 was quantitatively assessed by calculating standardized prescribed doses. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to identify predictors of the high use of strong ACs (≥90 doses).ResultsAlmost half of the subjects (47.2%) used more than 15 doses of strong ACs during 2012. 17.0% of the subjects had an annual cumulative use of strong ACs over 90 doses. Morbidities such as depression (odds ratio [OR], 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.56, 2.48–2.63), Parkinson's disease (2.41, 2.26–2.56), genitourinary diseases (2.12, 2.07–2.16), polypharmacy (3.28, 3.21–3.36), and low income (1.29, 1.25–1.33) were strong predictors of their high use. Antihistamines (chlorpheniramine) and antidepressants (amitriptyline) greatly contributed to the total prescription of strong ACs.ConclusionsDespite the vulnerability of older people to the adverse reactions of strong ACs, their use seems to be at a high level in terms of cumulative usage among some elderly. More attention should be paid to older people with predictive factors of high use of strong ACs.Key points

Despite the susceptibility of older people to negative anticholinergic effects, high use of strong anticholinergic agents was is quite frequent; 17.0% of the elderly had an annual cumulative use of these drugs ≥90 doses.
Parkinson's disease, depression, genitourinary diseases, low income, and polypharmacy strongly predicted the high use of strong anticholinergic agents.
A few strong anticholinergic agents, including antihistamines (chlorpheniramine) and antidepressants (amitriptyline), accounted for the majority of medications prescribed.
Understanding the predictors of their high use by medical practitioners may result as more appropriate anticholinergic medications.
Spiegelmeric 4R/S‐hydroxy/amino‐L/D‐prolyl collagen peptides: conformation and morphology of self‐assembled structures
Authors: More Shahaji H , Ganesh Krishna N 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe primary structure of collagen, the major protein in connective tissue of mammals, comprises of repeating triads [(LPro‐LHyp‐Gly)n, P1, LHyp being 4R‐hydroxy‐lProline)] in a single strand that adopts left‐handed polyproline II type helix. Three such single stranded helices wind around each another and held together by interchain H‐bonds to form right‐handed triple helix. This manuscript reports on collagen derived from its mirror image triad [(DPro‐DHyp‐Gly)n, P2, DHyp being 4S‐hydroxy‐DProline) and its 4‐amino analogue (DPro‐DAmp‐Gly)n P4, DAmp being 4S‐amino‐DProline that form corresponding spiegelmeric triplexes. The amino L‐collagen peptide (LPro‐LAmp‐Gly)n P3 and its D‐analogue P4 show higher thermal stabilities compared to 4‐hydroxy‐lProline collagen peptides P1 and P2. The enantiomeric peptide pairs show mirror image CD profiles and identical thermal stability, with ionizable 4‐amino group in P3 and P4 imparting pH dependent triplex stability. Upon cold mixing of the L‐ and D‐collagen peptides, different morphological nanostructures arise from inter triplex peptide association. When the peptides are hot mixed (annealed), the inter peptide association occurs via interaction of single stranded peptide chains of opposite handedness leading to networked gel formation in P1 and P2, while the charged peptides P3 and P4 show more ordered nanofibers, different from the enantiomerically pure peptides. The nanocomposites of such chiral hybrid peptides may have not only interesting physicomorphology, but also biological properties that need exploration.
For none, one, or two polarities—How do POLO junctions fit best into industrial Si solar cells?
Authors: Peibst Robby , Kruse Christian , Schäfer Sören , Mertens Verena , Bordihn Stefan , Dullweber Thorsten , Haase Felix , Hollemann Christina , Lim Bianca , Min Byungsul , Niepelt Raphael , Schulte‐Huxel Henning , Brendel Rolf 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe present a systematic study on the benefit of the implementation of poly‐Si on oxide (POLO) or related junctions into p‐type industrial Si solar cells as compared with the benchmark of Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell (PERC). We assess three aspects: (a) the simulated efficiency potential of representative structures with POLO junctions for none (=PERC+), one, and for two polarities; (b) possible lean process flows for their fabrication; and (c) experimental results on major building blocks. Synergistic efficiency gain analysis reveals that the exclusive suppression of the contact recombination for one polarity by POLO only yields moderate efficiency improvements between 0.23%abs and 0.41%abs as compared with PERC+ because of the remaining recombination paths. This problem is solved in a structure that includes POLO junctions for both polarities (POLO2), for whose realization we propose a lean process flow, and for which we experimentally demonstrate the most important building blocks. However, two experimental challenges—alignment tolerances and screen‐print metallization of p+ poly‐Si—are unsolved so far and reduced the efficiency of the “real” POLO2 cell as compared with an idealized scenario. As an intermediate step, we therefore work on a POLO IBC cell with POLO junctions for one polarity. It avoids the abovementioned challenges of the POLO2 structure, can be realized within a lean process flow, and has an efficiency benefit of 1.59%abs as compared with PERC—because not only contact recombination is suppressed but also the entire phosphorus emitter is replaced by an n+ POLO junction.
High‐resolution episcopic microscopy enables three‐dimensional visualization of plant morphology and development
Authors: Cinnamon Yuval , Genin Olga , Yitzhak Yiftah , Riov Joseph , David Israel , Shaya Felix , Izhaki Anat 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe study of plant anatomy, which can be traced back to the seventeenth century, advanced hand in hand with light microscopy technology and relies on traditional histologic techniques, which are based on serial two‐dimensional (2D) sections. However, these valuable techniques lack spatial arrangement of the tissue and hence provide only partial information. A new technique of whole‐mount three‐dimensional (3D) imaging termed high‐resolution episcopic microscopy (HREM) can overcome this obstacle and generate a 3D model of the specimen at a near‐histological resolution. Here, we describe the application of HREM technique in plants by analyzing two plant developmental processes in woody plants: oil secretory cavity development in citrus fruit and adventitious root formation in persimmon rootstock cuttings. HREM 3D models of citrus fruit peel showed that oil cavities were initiated schizogenously during the early stages of fruitlet development. Citrus secretory cavity formation, shape, volume, and distribution were analyzed, and new insights are presented. HREM 3D model comparison of persimmon rootstock clones, which differ in their rooting ability, revealed that difficult‐to‐root clones failed to develop adventitious roots due to their inability to initiate root primordia.
Capillary breakup extensional rheometry of sodium carboxymethylcellulose solutions in water and propylene glycol/water mixtures
Authors: Różańska Sylwia , Verbeke Karel , Różański Jacek , Clasen Christian , Wagner Patrycja 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTThis article presents the results of capillary break‐up extensional rheometer experiments conducted for semidilute solutions of carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt (Na‐CMC) with degrees of substitution (DS) ranging from 0.62 to 1.04 in distilled water and propylene glycol (PG)/water mixtures. The partial aggregation of Na‐CMC chains with DS < 1 observed in aqueous solutions triggers an increase in apparent extensional viscosity and extension of break‐up time. The rheological properties of Na‐CMC solutions in propylene glycol/water mixture are determined by the solubility of the polymer and the physical crosslinking of chains. The disappearance of the elasto‐capillary regime during the filament thinning of Na‐CMC solutions with DS < 1 in propylene glycol/water mixture was linked to the physical crosslinking of polymer chains. The shape of the extensional viscosity curve for Na‐CMC solutions with DS = 1.04 in PG/water mixture was characteristic for semidilute polymer solutions with a low number of entanglements. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 1537–1547
Application of a pulsed atmospheric arc plasma jet for low‐density polyethylene coating
Authors: Korzec Dariusz , Nettesheim Stefan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe development of a method for deposition of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) on rotating three‐dimensional aluminum alloy substrates is presented. LDPE powder with an average diameter of 50 m is dispersed with nitrogen as a carrier gas. This suspension is injected into a plasma plume generated by a pulsed atmospheric arc plasma jet (PAA‐PJ). The optimized PAA‐PJ operating parameters are a pulse frequency of 63 kHz, a power of 1,500 W, a plasma gas (mixture of nitrogen with 3.3% hydrogen) flow of 54 SLM (standard litre per minute), a carrier gas flow of 9 SLM, and a powder rate of up to 5 g/min. The plasma head is moved at 200 mm/s, and the substrate is rotated at 10 rev/min. The net deposition rate reaches 2.5 g/min. A homogeneous, high‐quality film with 1‐mm thickness is deposited on an approximately 100 cm2 substrate surface.
Cover Image, Volume 75, Issue 12
Authors: Zhu Xiang , Yu Linhua , Hsiang Tom , Huang Di , Xu Zhihong , Wu Qinglai , Du Xiaoying , Li Junkai 
Published: November 2019

The cover image is based on the Original Article The influence of steric configuration of phenazine‐1‐carboxylic acid‐amino acid conjugates on fungicidal activity and systemicity by Xiang Zhu et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.5455.
image
Canopy spray deposition and related mortality impacts of commonly used insecticides on Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) populations in blueberry
Authors: Mermer Serhan , Pfab Ferdinand , Hoheisel Gwen A , Bahlol Haitham Y , Khot Lav , Dalton Daniel T , Brewer Linda J , Rossi Stacconi Marco V , Zhang Chengzhu , Xue Lan , Walton Vaughn M 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDInsecticide applications in blueberry production systems play a crucial role in the control of Drosophila suzukii populations. Here, quantitative spray deposition patterns were obtained under replicated field experiments in blueberry during two field seasons with three sprayers, i.e. cannon, electrostatic, and air‐blast. Seven insecticides were tested (at 6 hours using a Potter spray tower) to determine the mortality data for adult D. suzukii. Spray deposition and mortality data for adult D. suzukii were used to create model simulations for insect populations. Model simulations included field deposition rates of sprayers and insecticide mortality as factors. Simulations were applied in different combinations with five applications over a 6‐week period.RESULTSRelative deposition rates for the cannon sprayer were elevated in the upper zones of the canopy, whereas for the air‐blast sprayer, deposition was greater in the bottom zones. Electrostatic spray deposition was relatively uniform within the six canopy zones. Clear trends in D. suzukii laboratory mortality were found with lowest to highest mortality recorded for phosmet, spinetoram, spinosad, malathion, cyantraniliprole, zeta‐cypermethrin, and methomyl respectively. Maximum D. suzukii population impacts, as shown by model outputs, were observed with air‐blast sprayers together with zeta‐cypermethrin.CONCLUSIONThe electrostatic sprayer had the least variable canopy deposition among the three types of spray equipment, and the air‐blast sprayer had the highest overall deposition rates. This study provides new hypotheses that can be used for field verification with these spray technologies and insecticides as key factors. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Pinning synchronization of complex delayed dynamical networks via generalized intermittent adaptive control strategy
Authors: Liu Mei , Jiang Haijun , Hu Cheng , Yu Zhiyong , Li Zhanfeng 
Published: November 2019

SummaryIn this paper, the problem of pinning synchronization for delayed complex directed networks via generalized intermittent adaptive control strategy is considered. First, a dynamical mode of delayed network is investigated. Second, a generalized intermittent adaptive control strategy which unified the traditional periodic intermittent control and the aperiodic case is introduced. Additionally, by constructing a piecewise Lyapunov auxiliary function and making use of piecewise analysis technique, some effective and novel criteria to ensure the global synchronization of delayed complex networks based on the designed control protocols are obtained. Finally, an example with numerical simulations is provided to demonstrate the validness of the theoretical results proposed scheme.
When empowered nurses are under stress: Understanding the impact on attitudes and behaviours
Authors: Heron Laura , Bruk‐Lee Valentina 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe present study examined the role of stress as a moderator on the indirect effect of structural empowerment, through psychological empowerment, on three important nurse‐related outcomes: affective organizational commitment, nursing workarounds, and safety performance. The results demonstrated that structural empowerment and psychological empowerment were positively related to affective organizational commitment and safety performance, whereas neither were significantly related to nursing workarounds. Consistent with previous findings, structural empowerment was also positively correlated with psychological empowerment. Mediation models were predominantly supported, providing evidence for the expanded model of empowerment. Finally, all three moderated mediation models were significant, although the impact of stress on the nursing workaround process was contrary to what was proposed. Findings offer significant implications for both researchers and practitioners, particularly in relation to the importance of workplace empowerment, the role of stress, and the nature of the nursing workarounds construct.
Development and initial validation of the Perceived Scarcity Scale
Authors: DeSousa Maysa , Reeve Charlie L. , Peterman Amy H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThough socio‐economic status (SES) partially explains the experience of stress and health outcomes, most research to date has relied on a small number of traditional indicators that fail to capture the full domain of socioeconomic factors. The recent reconceptualization of perceived scarcity is proposed as a subjective indicator of SES when attempting to predict both stress and health outcomes. Although a conceptualization of perceived scarcity has been advanced, a psychometrically sound scale is needed to assess the utility and scientific import of this concept. No such scale exists. Therefore, the current paper describes the development, psychometric properties, and initial validation of the Perceived Scarcity Scale (PScS). Four studies using traditional scale development processes were employed to develop (Studies 1 and 2) and provide an initial validation (Studies 3 and 4) for the PScS. Results support the existing model of perceived scarcity and indicate that the measure is valid. Moreover, the scale predicted concurrent perceived stress, as well as longitudinal ratings of perceived stress, global health, quality of life, and symptoms of depression and anxiety. The development of the new scale provides clinicians and researchers with a brief, validated measure that can assess the level of perceived scarcity individuals currently experience.
Partial factor methods for existing structures according to fib Bulletin 80: Assessment of an existing prestressed concrete bridge
Authors: Gino Diego , Castaldo Paolo , Bertagnoli Gabriele , Giordano Luca , Mancini Giuseppe 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe assessment of existing reinforced concrete structures is one of the major aspects for engineers and practitioners. In particular, existing infrastructures, as bridges and viaducts, are extensively exposed to environmental actions, materials aging, degradation, and variation of magnitude of traffic loads during their service life. Hence, the assessment of existing structural systems assuming the same criteria conceived for the design (i.e., partial factor method—EN 1990) can be too conservative and, sometimes, may lead to unnecessary and expensive structural interventions. In this context, fib Bulletin 80 defines the partial factor methods suitable for the assessment of existing reinforced concrete structures accounting for their residual service life, information from in situ and laboratory tests, measurements of variable actions and reduced target reliability levels according to both economical and human safety criteria. The methodologies proposed in fib Bulletin 80 have been applied to assess the safety of an existing prestressed reinforced concrete bridge built in 90s and located in Italy. The results are compared to the outcomes from the assessment performed according to EN1990 and, finally, limits and advantages of the methodologies proposed by fib Bulletin 80 are discussed.
Nanocarriers in photodynamic therapy—in vitro and in vivo studies
Authors: Sztandera Krzysztof , Gorzkiewicz Michał , Klajnert‐Maculewicz Barbara 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive technique which has proven to be successful in the treatment of several types of tumors. This relatively simple method exploits three inseparable elements: phototoxic compound (photosensitizer [PS]), light source, and oxygen. Upon irradiation by light with specified wavelength, PS generates reactive oxygen species, which starts the cascade of reactions leading to cell death. The positive therapeutic outcome of PDT may be limited due to several aspects, including low water solubility of PSs, hampering their effective administration and blood circulation, as well as low tumor specificity, inefficient cellular uptake and activation energies requiring prolonged illumination times. One of the promising approaches to overcome these obstacles involves the use of carrier systems modulating pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the PSs. In the present review, we summarized current in vitro and in vivo studies regarding the use of nanoparticles as potential delivery devices for PSs to enhance their cellular uptake and cytotoxic properties, and thus—the therapeutic outcome of PDT.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Mitochondrial genetics revisited
Authors: Dujon Bernard 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMitochondrial genetics started decades ago with the discovery of yeast mutants that ignored the Mendelian rules of inheritance. Today, the many known DNA sequences of this second eukaryotic genome illustrate its eccentricity in terms of informational content and functional organisation, suggesting a yet incomplete understanding of its evolution. The hereditary transmission of mitochondrial alleles relies on complex mixes of molecular and cellular mechanisms in which recombination and limited sampling, two sources of rapid genetic changes, play central roles. It is also under the influence of invasive genetic elements whose inconstant distribution in mitochondrial genomes suggests rapid turnovers in evolving populations. This susceptibility to changes contrasts with the development of specific functional interactions between the mitochondrial and nuclear genetic compartments, a trend that is prone to limit the genetic exchanges between distinct lineages. It is perhaps this opposition and the discordant inheritance between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes that best explain the maintenance of a second genome and a second independent protein synthesising machinery in eukaryotic cells.
Einleitung
Authors: Klug Helga 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Idee, mich mit den Auswirkungen der Finanzkrise 2008 und ihren Folgen auf Individuum und Gesellschaft auseinanderzusetzen, reifte in den letzten Jahren. Mir fiel auf, dass selbst bei Menschen mit scheinbar fehlender persönlicher Betroffenheit das Interesse für wirtschaftliche Umgestaltungen stieg und die Suche nach Ursachen, nach Schuldzuschreibungen und Lösungsansätzen nicht mehr allein im Bereich der Ökonomie abgehandelt wurde.
Die Finanzkrise und ihre Folgen: Manifestationen und Repräsentationen der Krise
Authors: Klug Helga 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungDie WHO (2011) hat darauf hingewiesen, dass die Gefahr von psychischen Krankheiten infolge der Wirtschaftskrise, die in vielen europäischen Ländern mit einem Anstieg der Arbeitslosigkeit, einer Zunahme der in Armut lebenden Menschen und Kürzungen von staatlichen Ausgaben einherging, steigt. Von einem wirtschaftlichen Standpunkt aus gesehen, führt eine erhöhte Zahl an Erkrankungen volkswirtschaftlich zu Produktionsausfällen, die auf durchschnittlich drei bis vier Prozent des Bruttosozialprodukts in der Europäischen Union geschätzt werden (vgl. World Health Organization, 2011, S. 1).