bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An insight into curcumin‐based photosensitization as a promising and green food preservation technology
Authors: Seidi Damyeh Maral , Mereddy Ram , Netzel Michael E. , Sultanbawa Yasmina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractConsumer awareness on the side effects of chemical preservatives has increased the demand for natural preservation technologies. An efficient and sustainable alternative to current conventional preservation techniques should guarantee food safety and retain its quality with minimal side effects. Photosensitization, utilizing light and a natural photosensitizer, has been postulated as a viable and green alternative to the current conventional preservation techniques. The potential of curcumin as a natural photosensitizer is reviewed in this paper as a practical guide to develop a safe and effective decontamination tool for industrial use. The fundamentals of the photosensitization mechanism are discussed, with the main emphasis on the natural photosensitizer, curcumin, and its application to inactivate microorganisms as well as to enhance the shelf life of foods. Photosensitization has shown promising results in inactivating a wide spectrum of microorganisms with no reported microbial resistance due to its particular lethal mode of targeting nucleic acids. Curcumin as a natural photosensitizer has recently been investigated and demonstrated efficacy in decontamination and delaying spoilage. Moreover, studies have shown the beneficial impact of an appropriate encapsulation technique to enhance the cellular uptake of photosensitizers, and therefore, the phototoxicity. Further studies relating to improved delivery of natural photosensitizers with inherent poor solubility should be conducted. Also, detailed studies on various food products are warranted to better understand the impact of encapsulation on curcumin photophysical properties, photo‐driven release mechanism, and nutritional and organoleptic properties of treated foods.
Recommendations for Maintaining a Dermestid Beetle Colony (Dermestes maculatus) for Processing Human Remains
Authors: Sanger Ciarleglio Jessica E. , Perez Kristen M. , Motola Haley L. , DiGangi Elizabeth A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDermestid beetles (Dermestes maculatus De Geer 1774) are small carrion insects characterized by a rounded or oval‐shaped body and white abdomen with black markings. Given their natural propensity to consume soft tissue throughout various stages of decomposition, biological anthropologists have sought to use dermestids as a forensic processing method in addition to traditional chemical tissue removal techniques. Although useful, most of the existing academic literature regarding the upkeep of dermestid colonies for skeletal remains processing either lack specificity or are outdated. Additionally, nonacademic sources that contain information regarding dermestid maintenance are often disjointed, resulting in a difficulty to replicate habitat construction and ideal environmental conditions. Therefore, this technical note presents recommendations for anthropologists interested in establishing and maintaining a D. maculatus population. These recommendations are based on our experiences using several dermestid colonies to process five unembalmed human heads, procured from an anatomical gift company for a larger study on gunshot trauma. Aspects of the dermestids’ environment that are crucial for the management of a healthy colony include the type of bedding, food, water, and containment method used, in addition to maintaining appropriate temperature ranges (24–27°C) and humidity levels (35–73%). Although habitat construction and dermestid maintenance involve materials that are relatively inexpensive and readily available, setting up and maintaining a D. maculatus colony can be laborious and time consuming and should only be undertaken when the volume of casework is such that this investment would be offset.
The endolysin of the Acinetobacter baumannii phage vB_AbaP_D2 shows broad antibacterial activity
Authors: Yuan Yuyu , Li Xiaoyu , Wang Lili , Li Gen , Cong Cong , Li Ruihua , Cui Huijing , Murtaza Bilal , Xu Yongping 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThe emergence and rapid spread of multidrug‐resistant bacteria has induced intense research for novel therapeutic approaches. In this study, the Acinetobacter baumannii bacteriophage D2 (vB_AbaP_D2) was isolated, characterized and sequenced. The endolysin of bacteriophage D2, namely Abtn‐4, contains an amphipathic helix and was found to have activity against multidrug‐resistant Gram‐negative strains. By more than 3 log units, A. baumannii were killed by Abtn‐4 (5 µM) in 2 h. In absence of outer membrane permeabilizers, Abtn‐4 exhibited broad antimicrobial activity against several Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterococcus and Salmonella. Furthermore, Abtn‐4 had the ability to reduce biofilm formation. Interestingly, Abtn‐4 showed antimicrobial activity against phage‐resistant bacterial mutants. Based on these results, endolysin Abtn‐4 may be a promising candidate therapeutic agent for multidrug‐resistant bacterial infections.
The Role of Realistic Channel Geometry Representation in Hydrological Model Predictions
Authors: Brackins John , Moragoda Nishani , Rahman Azbina , Cohen Sagy , Lowry Christopher 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA key element in hydraulic and hydrologic modeling is the specification of representative channel geometry. For continental‐scale modeling, the large amount of high‐resolution data required, as well as the considerable computational effort needed to incorporate such data, has led to simplifying assumptions such as rectangular or trapezoidal channels for river reaches. The National Water Model (NWM) uses a trapezoidal channel representation for 2.7 million river reaches to forecast water discharge for the entire continental United States. This has created uncertainties in when to initiate hydraulic predictions. The aim of this study is to: (1) evaluate the impact of simplified (NWM trapezoidal) channel geometry representation on hydrological model predictions and (2) suggest an improved representation of channel geometry while maintaining parsimony in model input and runtime. The Hydrologic Engineering Center’s River Analysis System model was used to simulate hydraulic dynamics in three study sites under varying streamflow conditions (including flooding) with four different geometry representations at each site: NWM (trapezoidal), surveyed, and two proposed generalized geometries. Statistical analyses show that more realistic channel geometry improves simulated Muskingum‐Cunge routing parameters and stage/discharge predictions, indicating potential for geometric improvements to enhance hydrological models like the NWM.
Assessment of CFSR and CMADS Weather Data for Capturing Extreme Hydrologic Events in the Fuhe River Basin of the Poyang Lake
Authors: Lu Jianzhong , Liu Zixuan , Liu Weizhe , Chen Xiaoling , Zhang Ling 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEvaluating the accuracy of gridded weather data is important because these data significantly affect the results of hydrologic simulations. In this study, we evaluated the applicability of Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) and China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model (CMADS) datasets for capturing the hydrologic extreme events in the Fuhe River Basin (FRB) of the Poyang Lake, a typical humid area in eastern China. First, both the CFSR and CMADS temperature and precipitation data obtained from 2008 to 2013 were validated using ground‐based meteorological station data. Then, the SWAT model was driven by the CFSR and CMADS datasets for hydrologic predictions. The results show that both CFSR and CMADS temperature data are of high quality. The CMADS data underestimate precipitation, whereas CFSR data overestimate precipitation. Both datasets have their own advantage and disadvantage to detect extreme rainfall events. For the FRB case study, SWAT models driven by two datasets yield good streamflow simulation results. The CMADS‐driven model performs slightly better than CFSR‐driven model in predicting extreme streamflow events in the simulation time‐period (2009–2013). In general, both the CFSR and CMADS data can be used to obtain satisfactory simulation results for hydrologic predictions. They provide alternatives that enable quickly implementing a hydrologic model in data‐scarce areas.
More affordable and effective noninvasive single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping using high‐throughput amplicon sequencing
Authors: Eriksson Charlotte E. , Ruprecht Joel , Levi Taal 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNoninvasive genotyping methods have become key elements of wildlife research over the last two decades, but their widespread adoption is limited by high costs, low success rates and high error rates. The information lost when genotyping success is low may lead to decreased precision in animal population densities, which could misguide conservation and management actions. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) provide a promising alternative to traditionally used microsatellites as SNPs allow amplification of shorter DNA fragments, are less prone to genotyping errors and produce results that are easily shared among laboratories. Here, we outline a detailed protocol for cost‐effective and accurate noninvasive SNP genotyping using multiplexed amplicon sequencing optimized for degraded DNA. We validated this method for individual identification by genotyping 216 scats, 18 hairs and 15 tissues from coyotes (Canis latrans) using 26 SNPs. Our genotyping success rate for scat samples was 93%, and 100% for hair and tissue, representing a substantial increase compared to previous microsatellite‐based studies while remaining at a low cost of under $5 per PCR replicate (excluding labour). The accuracy of the genotypes was further corroborated in that genotypes from scats matching known, GPS‐collared coyotes were always located within the territory of the known individual. We also show that different levels of multiplexing produced similar results, but that PCR product cleanup strategies can have substantial effects on genotyping success. By making noninvasive genotyping more affordable, accurate and efficient, this research may allow for a substantial increase in the use of noninvasive methods to monitor and conserve free‐ranging wildlife populations.
Complementary sampling methods for coral histology, metabolomics and microbiome
Authors: Greene Austin , Leggat William , Donahue Megan J. , Raymundo Laurie J. , Caldwell Jamie M. , Moriarty Tess , Heron Scott F. , Ainsworth Tracy D. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Underwater visual surveys of coral reefs are the primary method managers use to monitor coral health. However, these surveys are limited to visual signs, such as bleaching and tissue loss lesions, which occur only after significant stress has accumulated. More holistic characterization of coral health can allow for better monitoring of reef changes across natural environmental gradients, in response to anthropogenic stress and after disturbance events (e.g. disease outbreaks, mass bleaching, dredging, run‐off events).

Various methods exist to evaluate the health of the coral holobiont that do not depend on visual signs, including histological assessment, microbiome dysbiosis and metabolic profiles, yet these tools are rarely deployed concurrently. We present a clear, readily deployable protocol for sampling and preserving coral fragments, including (a) extraction of coral metabolites for analysis, (b) preservation of microbiome DNA for sequencing and (c) preservation of coral tissues for histopathology. Combined with visual surveys, these methods provide an unparalleled, holistic characterization of coral health.

We provide a field‐tested, optimized protocol for conducting coral sampling. This protocol guides the user through concurrent assessments of coral tissue structure and the holobiont microbiome and metabolome, and directs the user to useful resources for downstream data analysis.

This protocol facilitates quantitative characterization of coral health beyond visual surveys alone, which is a valuable step forward in reef research and management and will improve our ability to describe, model and mediate impacts to coral reefs.
Evaluating a novel formula for noninvasive estimation of arterial carbon dioxide during post‐resuscitation care
Authors: Rentola Raisa R. , Skrifvars Markus B. , Heinonen Erkki , Häggblom Tom , Hästbacka Johanna 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundControlling arterial carbon dioxide is paramount in mechanically ventilated patients, and an accurate and continuous noninvasive monitoring method would optimize management in dynamic situations. In this study, we validated and further refined formulas for estimating partial pressure of carbon dioxide with respiratory gas and pulse oximetry data in mechanically ventilated cardiac arrest patients.MethodsA total of 4741 data sets were collected retrospectively from 233 resuscitated patients undergoing therapeutic hypothermia. The original formula used to analyze the data is PaCO2‐est1 = PETCO2 + k[(PIO2 − PETCO2) − PaO2]. To achieve better accuracy, we further modified the formula to PaCO2‐est2 = k1*PETCO2 + k2*(PIO2 − PETCO2) + k3*(100‐SpO2). The coefficients were determined by identifying the minimal difference between the measured and calculated arterial carbon dioxide values in a development set. The accuracy of these two methods was compared with the estimation of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide using end‐tidal carbon dioxide.ResultsWith PaCO2‐est1, the mean difference between the partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and the estimated carbon dioxide was 0.08 kPa (SE ±0.003); with PaCO2‐est2 the difference was 0.036 kPa (SE ±0.009). The mean difference between the partial pressure of carbon dioxide and end‐tidal carbon dioxide was 0.72 kPa (SE ±0.01). In a mixed linear model, there was a significant difference between the estimation using end‐tidal carbon dioxide and PaCO2‐est1 (P < .001) and PaCO2‐est2 (P < .001) respectively.ConclusionsThis novel formula appears to provide an accurate, continuous, and noninvasive estimation of arterial carbon dioxide.
Imperialism, Internationalism, and Archaeology in the Un/Making of the Middle East
Authors: Meskell Lynn 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTArchaeological materialities and imaginaries have been deeply entwined in colonial rivalries and struggles for self‐determination that have lasting legacies across the Middle East. Neoimperial ambitions and conflict over territory, religion, oil, and antiquities have similarly been accompanied by heritage claims and the rhetoric of high cultural humanism. Throughout the twentieth century, foreign occupation and military adventurism emboldened archaeological elites, including Hogarth, Kenyon, Lawrence, Woolley, and Bell, to implement expansive new designs for a one‐world archaeology. Whether situated in London or Jerusalem, Western archaeologists were instrumental in the colonial carve‐up that extended to historical sites, concessions, collections, and even the creation of new states, often working through international agencies, such as the League of Nations and UNESCO, under a banner of salvage and uplift. The connected histories of archaeology, espionage, and the end of empire have cast a long shadow, prompting deeper analysis of archaeologists’ role as participants and beneficiaries. It is thus timely to reconsider disciplinary histories and interventions—from the colonial era through two World Wars to recent regional conflicts with the attendant international responses—and to interrogate archaeology's century‐old ambitions and practices that are replicated in new technics of “oversight.” [espionage, war, archaeology, military‐industrial‐academic complex, Middle East]
“Me” versus “We” in moral dilemmas: Group composition and social influence effects on group utilitarianism
Authors: Curşeu Petru Lucian , Fodor Oana C. , A. Pavelea Anișoara , Meslec Nicoleta 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe paper is one of the first empirical attempts that builds on the moral dilemmas and group rationality literature to explore the way in which group composition with respect to group members’ individual choices in moral dilemmas and social influence processes impact on group moral choices. First individually and then, in small groups, 221 participants were asked to decide on 10 moral dilemmas. Our results show that emergent group level utilitarianism is higher than the average individual utilitarianism, yet, lower than the highest individual utilitarianism within groups. We also show that average individual utilitarianism positively predicts group utilitarianism while group fragmentation in individual utilitarianism has a negative effect on group utilitarianism. Next to group composition, minority influence processes explain additional variance in group utilitarianism, cognitive dissent having a positive influence, while normative deviance a negative influence on group utilitarianism. Majority influence has no significant influence on group utilitarianism. Finally, our results show that the relationship between group fragmentation in individual utilitarianism and emergent group utilitarianism is mediated by the two forms of minority influence.
Pro‐resolving mediator protectin D1 promotes epimorphic regeneration by controlling immune cell function in vertebrates
Authors: Nguyen‐Chi Mai , Luz‐Crawford Patricia , Balas Laurence , Sipka Tamara , Contreras‐López Rafael , Barthelaix Audrey , Lutfalla Georges , Durand Thierry , Jorgensen Christian , Djouad Farida 
Published: June 2020

Background and PurposeSpecialized pro‐resolving mediators (SPMs) are a family of lipids controlling the resolution of inflammation and playing a role in many processes including organ protection and tissue repair. While SPMs are potent bioactive molecules in vivo, their role in epimorphic regeneration of organs in vertebrates has not been tested. Using the zebrafish larva as a robust regenerative vertebrate system, we studied the role of the SPM neuroprotectin/protectin D1 (PD1) during the caudal fin fold regeneration.Experimental ApproachRegeneration of the fin fold was analysed when exposed to a synthetic PD1. The effect of PD1 on immune cell recruitment and activation was further investigated using live imaging combined with fluorescent reporter lines. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we dissected the role of neutrophils and macrophages on driving the pro‐regenerative effect of PD1.Key ResultsWe showed that PD1 improves fin fold regeneration. Acting in a narrow time window during regeneration, PD1 accelerates the resolution of inflammation without affecting the initial kinetic of neutrophil recruitment but instead, promotes their reverse migration potential. In addition, PD1 induces macrophage polarization switch towards non‐inflammatory states in both zebrafish and mammalian system. Finally, macrophages but not neutrophils are essential for PD1‐mediated regeneration.Conclusion and ImplicationsThese results reveal the pro‐regenerative action of PD1 and its role in regulating neutrophil and macrophage response in vertebrates. These findings strongly support the development of pro‐resolving mediators as natural therapeutic candidates for degenerative disorders and the use of the zebrafish as a tool to investigate pro‐regenerative drugs.
The potential of cannabidiol in the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Esposito Giuseppe , Pesce Marcella , Seguella Luisa , Sanseverino Walter , Lu Jie , Corpetti Chiara , Sarnelli Giovanni 
Published: June 2020

Identifying drugs effective in the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is crucial, pending a vaccine against SARS‐CoV2. We suggest the hypothesis that cannabidiol (CBD), a non‐psychotropic phytocannabinoid, has the potential to limit the severity and progression of the disease for several reasons:‐ (a) High‐cannabidiol Cannabis sativa extracts are able to down‐regulate the expression of the two key receptors for SARS‐CoV2 in several models of human epithelia, (b) cannabidiol exerts a wide range of immunomodulatory and anti‐inflammatory effects and it can mitigate the uncontrolled cytokine production responsible for acute lung injury, (c) being a PPARγ agonist, it can display a direct antiviral activity and (d) PPARγ agonists are regulators of fibroblast/myofibroblast activation and can inhibit the development of pulmonary fibrosis, thus ameliorating lung function in recovered patients. We hope our hypothesis, corroborated by preclinical evidence, will inspire further targeted studies to test cannabidiol as a support drug against the COVID‐19 pandemic.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed issue on The Pharmacology of COVID‐19. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.21/issuetoc
Sirtuin 3‐mediated deacetylation of acyl‐CoA synthetase family member 3 by protocatechuic acid attenuates non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Sun Ruimin , Kang Xiaohui , Zhao Yan , Wang Zhanyu , Wang Ruiwen , Fu Rong , Li Yang , Hu Yan , Wang Zhecheng , Shan Wen , Zhou Junjun , Tian Xiaofeng , Yao Jihong 
Published: June 2020

Background and PurposeHepatic fatty acid metabolism disorder, a key pathogenic mechanism underlying non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is associated with the hyperacetylation of mitochondrial enzymes. Acyl‐CoA synthetase family member 3 (ACSF3), which is involved in the regulation of fatty acid metabolism, was predicted to contain lysine acetylation sites related to the mitochondrial deacetylase sirtuin 3 (SIRT3). The purpose of this study was to explore the underlying mechanism by which SIRT3 deacetylates ACSF3 in NAFLD and the protective effect of the natural phenolic compound protocatechuic acid (PCA) against fatty acid metabolism disorder via the SIRT3/ACSF3 pathway.Experimental ApproachThe role of protocatechuic acid and its molecular mechanism in NAFLD were detected in rats and SIRT3‐knockout mice fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) and in AML‐12 cells treated with palmitic acid (PA).Key ResultsPharmacological treatment with protocatechuic acid significantly attenuated high‐fat diet‐induced fatty acid metabolism disorder in NAFLD. Molecular docking assays showed that protocatechuic acid specifically bound SIRT3 as a substrate and increased SIRT3 protein expression. However, the protective role of protocatechuic acid was abolished by SIRT3 knockdown, which increased ACSF3 expression and exacerbated fatty acid metabolism disorder. Mechanistically, SIRT3 was shown to specifically regulate the acetylation and degradation of ACSF3, which govern the capacity of ACSF3 to mediate fatty acid metabolism disorder during NAFLD.Conclusion and ImplicationsSIRT3‐mediated ACSF3 deacetylation is a novel molecular mechanism in NAFLD therapy and protocatechuic acid confers protection against high‐fat diet‐ and palmitic acid‐induced hepatic fatty acid metabolism disorder through the SIRT3/ACSF3 pathway.