bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EUS-guided 22-gauge fine needle biopsy versus single-incision with needle knife for the diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal subepithelial lesions: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sanaei Omid , Fernández-Esparrach Glòria , De La Serna-Higuera Carlos , Carrara Silvia , Kumbhari Vivek , El Zein Mohamad H. , Ismail Amr , Ginès Angels , Sendino Oriol , Montenegro Andrea , Repici Alessandro , Rahal Daoud , Brewer Gutierrez Olaya I. , Moran Robert , Yang Juliana , Parsa Nasim , Paiji Christopher , Aghaie Meybodi Mohamad , Shin Eun Ji , Lennon Anne Marie , Kalloo Anthony N. , Singh Vikesh K. , Canto Marcia Irene , Khashab Mouen A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims EUS-FNA has suboptimal accuracy in diagnosing gastrointestinal subepithelial tumors (SETs). EUS-guided 22-gauge fine needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) and single-incision with needle knife (SINK) were proposed to increase accuracy of diagnosis. This study aimed to prospectively compare the diagnostic accuracy and safety of EUS-FNB with SINK in patients with upper gastrointestinal SETs.
Patients and methods All adult patients referred for EUS evaluation of upper gastrointestinal SETs ≥ 15 mm in size were eligible for inclusion. Patients were randomized to undergo EUS-FNB or SINK. Lesions were sampled with a 22-gauge reverse beveled core needle in the EUS-FNB group and by a conventional needle-knife sphincterotome and biopsy forceps in the SINK group. Patients were blinded to the technique used. The primary outcome was diagnostic accuracy. Secondary outcomes included adverse events, histological yield and procedure duration. Study enrollment was terminated early due to poor recruitment.
Results A total of 56 patients (31 male (55.37 %); mean age, 67.41 ± 12.70 years) were randomized to either EUS-FNB (n = 26) or SINK (n = 30). Technical success was 96.15 % and 96.66 %, respectively. The majority of lesions were gastrointestinal stromal tumors (51.78 %). No significant difference was found between EUS-FNB and SINK in terms of diagnostic accuracy for a malignant or benign disease (76 % vs. 89.28 %, respectively; P = 0.278). The rate of adverse events (none severe) was also comparable (7.69 % vs. 10 %, respectively; P = 1.0) including two abdominal pain episodes in the EUS-FNB group compared to two delayed bleeding (one requiring hospitalization and radiologic embolization) and 1 abdominal pain in the SINK group.
Conclusion EUS-FNB and SINK are equally effective techniques for upper gastrointestinal SETs sampling. SINK can be associated with mild to moderate delayed bleeding.
Clinical usefulness of the S-O clip during colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection in difficult-to-access submucosal layer
Authors: Okamoto Yuki , Oka Shiro , Tanaka Shinji , Inagaki Katsuaki , Tanaka Hidenori , Matsumoto Kenta , Boda Kazuki , Yamashita Ken , Sumimoto Kyoku , Ninomiya Yuki , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims In colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), the S-O clip improves the accessibility to the submucosal layer of the colon. However, its safety and usefulness in difficult colorectal ESDs are unclear. Thus, in this study, we aimed to assess the effectiveness of the S-O clip in colorectal ESD in the difficult-to-access submucosal layer.
Patients and methods From January 2016 to December 2016, 189 consecutive cases of colorectal ESD were performed at Hiroshima University Hospital before the S-O clip was introduced. Between January 2017 and June 2018, among 271 consecutive colorectal ESD cases, 41 cases were performed colorectal ESD using the S-O clip. We compared outcomes between the two groups (41 cases with S-O clip [use group] and 189 cases without S-O clip [non-use group]) using propensity score matching.
Results Prior to propensity score matching, 41 cases with the S-O clip (use group) and 189 cases without the S-O clip (non-use group) were extracted. The degree of submucosal fibrosis was more severe and the procedure time was longer in the use group than in the non-use group. In the use and non-use groups, en bloc resection (100 % vs. 94.7 %) and complete en bloc resection (100 % vs. 92.6 %) rates were satisfactory. After propensity score matching, 33 cases in each group were extracted. As a result, complete en bloc resection rate was significantly higher in the use group than in the non-use group (100 % vs. 84.9 %).
Conclusion The S-O clip is effective and can be used safely in colorectal ESD in the difficult-to-access submucosal layer.
Allan-Herndon-Dudley-Syndrome: Considerations about the Brain
Phenotype with Implications for Treatment Strategies
Authors: Krude Heiko , Biebermann Heike , Schuelke Markus , Müller Timo D. , Tschöp Matthias 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDespite its first description more than 75 years ago, effective treatment for
“Allan-Herndon-Dudley-Syndrome (AHDS)”, an X-linked thyroid
hormone transporter defect, is unavailable. Mutations in the SLC16A2 gene
have been discovered to be causative for AHDS in 2004, but a comprehensive
understanding of the function of the encoded protein, monocarboxylate
transporter 8 (MCT8), is incomplete. Patients with AHDS suffer from
neurodevelopmental delay, as well as extrapyramidal (dystonia, chorea,
athetosis), pyramidal (spasticity), and cerebellar symptoms (ataxia). This
suggests an affection of the pyramidal tracts, basal ganglia, and
cerebellum, most likely already during fetal brain development. The
function of other brain areas relevant for mood, behavior, and vigilance seems
to be intact. An optimal treatment strategy should thus aim to deliver T3 to
these relevant structures at the correct time points during development. A
potential therapeutic strategy meeting these needs might be the delivery of T3
via a “Trojan horse mechanism” by which T3 is
delivered into target cells by a thyroid hormone transporter independent T3
internalization.
Clinical and Radiological Evaluation of Marginal Bone Loss around Dental Implants Restored with Zirconium vis-à-vis Porcelain Fused to Metal: An In Vivo Study
Authors: Wirring Udey Singh , Kalra Tarun , Kumar Manjit , Bansal Ajay , Javaid Aquib 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction Marginal bone level is the criterion for implant success. Patient expectations for more natural looking implant restorations created the need to restore implants with more esthetically pleasing materials like Zirconia rather than conventional porcelain-fused to-metal (PFM) crowns. The aim of this study was to evaluate marginal bone loss around dental implants clinically and radiographically when restored with Zirconia and PFM prosthesis.
Materials and Methods Two groups (control and test) were formed with 14 patients each. In the control group, the subjects were rehabilitated with PFM crowns and in the test group, the subjects were rehabilitated with Zirconia crowns. Rehabilitation was done after the healing period of 3 months. Radiographic evaluation was done at regular (baseline, 3rd, 6th, and 12th month) intervals.
Results The results were statistically analyzed. Keeping in mind the limitations of the study, it was revealed that the difference in the crestal bone resorption in both the groups was not significant.
Synthetic molecular evolution of host cell-compatible, antimicrobial peptides effective against drug-resistant, biofilm-forming bacteria
Authors: Starr Charles G. , Ghimire Jenisha , Guha Shantanu , Hoffmann Joseph P. , Wang Yihui , Sun Leisheng , Landreneau Brooke N. , Kolansky Zachary D. , Kilanowski-Doroh Isabella M. , Sammarco Mimi C. , Morici Lisa A. , Wimley William C. 
Published: April 2020

Significance
New approaches to prevention and treatment of drug-resistant bacterial infections are needed. Here we show how synthetic molecular evolution, screening of iterative libraries, can identify membrane permeabilizing antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that do not have the usual impediments to activity in vivo. Screening in the presence of concentrated human erythrocytes to mimic a generic cell-rich environment enabled identification of peptides with potent, broad-spectrum bactericidal activity under conditions where most known AMPs have little or no activity. One optimized peptide was tested in the cell- and protein-rich environment of an infected, purulent wound in mice. Infection was significantly reduced, and biofilm formation in the wound was prevented, demonstrating the power of synthetic molecular evolution of AMPs.
Competing ditransitive constructions in Enets
Authors: Khanina Olesya , Shluinsky Andrey 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper reports on a corpus study of two ditransitive constructions in Enets (Uralic, Samoyedic): the standard
ditransitive construction and the so-called Destinative construction involving a specific destinative nominal morpheme. We suggest that the mutual distribution of the two competing constructions depends on referential
properties of theme and information structure of the clause. The Destinative construction is used when a theme is indefinite, the
standard ditransitive construction is used when a theme is definite. Most often, definiteness of a theme is also accompanied by
specificity of a recipient; the combination of an indefinite theme and a non-specific recipient has not been attested at all.
There is also a small number of cases when the standard ditransitive construction is used in clauses with an indefinite theme: in
all such cases recipients are non-standard from the information structure point of view, they are either topical, emphatic, or
extraposed. We suggest that both contexts of usage of the standard ditransitive construction can be explained if we describe its
main discourse function as highlighting the known referents in discourse, be it definite themes or topical, emphatic, or
extraposed recipients. The main discourse function of the destinative construction is then introducing new referents in the theme
position.
Preparation of ordered states in ultra-cold gases using Bayesian optimization
Authors: Mukherjee Rick , Sauvage Frédéric , Xie Harry , Löw Robert , Mintert Florian 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Ultra-cold atomic gases are unique in terms of the degree of controllability, both for internal and external degrees of freedom. This makes it possible to use them for the study of complex quantum many-body phenomena. However in many scenarios, the prerequisite condition of faithfully preparing a desired quantum state despite decoherence and system imperfections is not always adequately met. To pave the way to a specific target state, we implement quantum optimal control based on Bayesian optimization. The probabilistic modeling and broad exploration aspects of Bayesian optimization are particularly suitable for quantum experiments where data acquisition can be expensive. Using numerical simulations for the superfluid to Mott-insulator transition for bosons in a lattice as well as for the formation of Rydberg crystals as explicit examples, we demonstrate that Bayesian optimization is capable of finding better control solutions with regards to finite and noisy data compared to existing methods of optimal control.
Thermally stimulated relaxation and behaviors of oxygen vacancies in SrTiO3 single crystals with (100), (110) and (111) orientations
Authors: Qu Haimo , Luo Bingcheng , Bian Shuaishuai , Yue Zhenxing 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The strontium titanate (SrTiO3) single crystals with different orientations of (100), (110) and (111) were investigated using thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) measurements, which has been proved to be an effective strategy to fundamentally study the relationship between relaxation phenomena and defect chemistry in dielectrics. The origins of different relaxations in SrTiO3 crystals were identified and the activation energy of oxygen vacancies was estimated from TSDC measurements. It was further found that oxygen-treated SrTiO3 crystals exhibit different relaxation behaviors. Noticeable changes of thermal relaxation associated with oxygen vacancies have taken place in relation to the crystalline anisotropy. The SrTiO3 (110) samples display higher concentration and activation energy of oxygen vacancies. First-principles calculations were carried out on SrTiO3 (110) crystals to study the effect of oxygen vacancy on different surface microstructure. From the resulting minimum formation energy of 0.63 eV, it demonstrates that the oxygen vacancies tend to form on the TiO-terminated surfaces. Considering the band structure, oxygen vacancies near the surface contribute to the transition of crystal from insulator to metallic characteristic.
Polyacrylamide grafted Eucalyptus camaldulensis (EC-g-PAM) gum as an efficient binding agent in drug formulations
Authors: Ali Zeeshan , Qureshi Fatima , Hussain Dilshad , Munir Hira , Sajid Muhammad 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe use of plant based gums in pharmaceutical sphere is desirable binding agents during pharmaceutical formulations. In this research,Eucalyptus camaldulensisgum is modified by microwave irradiation in order to estimate its binding characteristics for the fabrication of varied pharmaceutical formulations. Gum is analyzed in three forms; native, purified and grafted EC-g-PAM. The distinctive chemical assays for the characterization of carbohydrates indicated the existence of reducing sugars in all three types native, purified and grafted EC (EC-g-PAM) gum extracts. The relatively high phenolic contents i.e. 0.159μg ml−1GAE of grafted EC extract indicate considerable antioxidant potential worthy of further investigations. In case of antimicrobial assay, grafted gum proved to be highly effective and produced a wider ring of no bacterial growth with forE. coliwhile showed comparatively lesser change in the surroundingS. aureusconcentration. Owing to its non-toxicity, it is incorporated into the paracetamol and it revealed excessive controlled drug-release profiles. Grafted gum possessed significantly controlled drug release profile, thus, the drug formulations based on the proposed gum, could be more beneficial site-specific oral drug carrier system.
Self-heterodyned detection of dressed state coherences in helium by noncollinear extreme ultraviolet wave mixing with attosecond pulses
Authors: Fidler Ashley P , Warrick Erika R , Marroux Hugo J B , Bloch Etienne , Neumark Daniel M , Leone Stephen R 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Noncollinear wave-mixing spectroscopies with attosecond extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulses provide unprecedented insight into electronic dynamics. In infrared and visible regimes, heterodyne detection techniques utilize a reference field to amplify wave-mixing signals while simultaneously allowing for phase-sensitive measurements. Here, we implement a self-heterodyned detection scheme in noncollinear wave-mixing measurements with a short attosecond XUV pulse train and two few-cycle near infrared (NIR) pulses. The initial spatiotemporally overlapped XUV and NIR pulses generate a coherence of both odd (1snp) and even (1sns and 1snd) parity states within gaseous helium. A variably delayed noncollinear NIR pulse generates angularly-dependent four-wave mixing signals that report on the evolution of this coherence. The diffuse angular structure of the XUV harmonics underlying these emission signals is used as a reference field for heterodyne detection, leading to cycle oscillations in the transient wave-mixing spectra. With this detection scheme, wave-mixing signals emitting from at least eight distinct light-induced, or dressed, states can be observed, in contrast to only one light induced state identified in a similar homodyne wave-mixing measurement. In conjunction with the self-heterodyned detection scheme, the noncollinear geometry permits the conclusive identification and angular separation of distinct wave-mixing pathways, reducing the complexity of transient spectra. These results demonstrate that the application of heterodyne detection schemes can provide signal amplification and phase-sensitivity, while maintaining the versatility and selectivity of noncollinear attosecond XUV wave-mixing spectroscopies. These techniques will be important tools in the study of ultrafast dynamics within complex chemical systems in the XUV regime.
Modified independent component analysis for extracting Eigen-Modes of a quantum system
Authors: Wu Yadong , Zhai Hui 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Dynamical probes are popular experimental tools for studying quantum systems nowadays. Though a well-defined eigen-mode will manifest itself as a single frequency oscillation in the dynamical probe, the real experimental data can be quite messy because a probe usually excites multiple modes which are also mixed together with random white noise. Moreover, the oscillations usually quickly damp out due to finite decoherence time. These make it difficult to extract the frequencies of these oscillation measurement data, that is, the eigen-energies of these eigen-modes. Here we develop an unsupervised machine learning algorithm to solve this problem. Our method is inspired by the independent component analysis method and its application to the ‘cocktail party problem’, where the goal is to recover each voice from detectors that detect signals of many mixed voices. We demonstrate the advantage of our method by an example of analyzing the collective mode of a Bose–Einstein condensate of atomic gases. We believe that this method can find broad applications in analyzing data of dynamical experiments in quantum systems of different fields.
CALIPER Hematology Reference Standards (II)
Authors: Higgins Victoria , Tahmasebi Houman , Bohn Mary Kathryn , Hall Alexandra , Adeli Khosrow 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to establish comprehensive age- and sex-specific reference intervals for hematologic parameters in the CALIPER cohort of healthy children and adolescents.MethodsA total of 536 healthy children and adolescents (birth to 21 years) were recruited with informed consent, and whole blood samples were analyzed for 27 hematologic parameters on the Beckman Coulter DxH 520 system. Age- and sex-specific pediatric reference standards were established. Reference values obtained on the DxH 520 were also compared with data obtained on a larger laboratory-based instrument (DxH 900).ResultsMost hematologic parameters showed significant age- and/or sex-specific changes during growth and development. Of the 27 hematologic parameters, all except four (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, basophil percentage, low hemoglobin density, immature cell percentage) required age partitioning, and eight required sex partitioning.ConclusionsThis study establishes a robust pediatric hematology reference database that will assist in more accurate test result interpretation. Our data clearly demonstrate significant variation in hematologic parameter concentrations in children and adolescents, necessitating the use of pediatric-specific reference standards.
TNFα signalling predicts poor prognosis of patients with endometrial cancer
Authors: Wieser Verena , Abdel Azim Samira , Sprung Susanne , Knoll Katharina , Kögl Johanna , Hackl Hubert , Marth Christian , Zeimet Alain G , Fiegl Heidelinde 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynaecologic tumour in the Western world. Previous studies have implicated an imbalance of oestrogens and progestogens in the development of most ECs, while the role of low-grade tissue inflammation remains largely unexplored. We investigated the impact of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), a central mediator of inflammation and spermatogenesis-associated protein 2 (SPATA2), a regulator of TNF receptor signalling, on clinical outcomes in EC. We evaluated TNFA and SPATA2 transcript levels in 239 EC patients and 25 non-malignant control tissues. Findings were validated in a cohort of 332 EC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Expression of TNFA and SPATA2 was increased in EC when compared with control tissues (P &lt; 0.001). TNFA expression correlated with SPATA2 expression in non-malignant (P = 0.003, rS = 0.568) and EC tissue (P = 0.005, rS = 0.179). High TNFA and SPATA2 expression were associated with poor recurrence-free survival (RFS; P = 0.049 and P = 0.018) and disease-specific (P = 0.034 and P = 0.002) survival. Increased SPATA2 expression was also associated with decreased overall survival (OS; P = 0.013). In multivariate analysis, both TNFA and SPATA2 were predictors of clinical outcome. The impact of SPATA2 on RFS and OS could be validated in the TCGA cohort. Our study demonstrates that ECs exhibit a TNF signature which predicts clinical outcome. These findings indicate that TNF signalling modulates the course of EC, which could be therapeutically utilized in the future.
Are Predator Smell (TMT)-Induced Behavioral Alterations in Rats Able to Inhibit Seizures?
Authors: Delfino-Pereira Polianna , Berti Dutra Poliana , Cortes de Oliveira Jose Antonio , Casanova Turatti Izabel Cristina , Fernandes Artur , Peporine Lopes Norberto , Garcia-Cairasco Norberto 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the chemical and behavioral effects of 2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline (TMT) after olfactory exposure and to verify their influence in the expression of acute audiogenic seizures in the Wistar Audiogenic Rat (WAR) strain. PROTOCOL 1: TMT gas chromatography was applied to define odor saturation in a chamber to different concentrations, time required for saturation and desaturation, and if saturation was homogeneous. Also, male Adult Wistar rats were exposed to saline (SAL) or to different TMT concentrations and their behaviors were evaluated (neuroethology). PROTOCOL 2: Male adult WARs were exposed for 15 s to SAL or TMT, followed by sound stimulation for 1 min or until tonic–clonic convulsion. Behavioral analysis included latencies (wild running and tonic–clonic convulsion), seizure severity indexes, and neuroethology. Gas chromatography established a saturation homogeneous to different concentrations of TMT, indicating that saturation and desaturation occurred in 30 min. TMT triggered fear-like or aversion-like reactions associated with reduction in motor activity and in grooming behavior, in the 2 highest concentrations. Pure TMT presented anticonvulsant properties, such as less-severe seizure phenotype, as well as a decrease in tonic–clonic convulsion expression. TMT elicited fear-like or aversion-like behaviors in Wistar and WAR and can be utilized in a quantifiable and controllable way. Our results suggested possible antagonism between “fear-related” or “aversion-related” and “seizure-related” networks.