bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transport of hydrated nitrate and nitrite ions through graphene nanopores in aqueous medium
Authors: Yadav Sushma , Chandra Amalendu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNitrate () and nitrite () ions are naturally occurring inorganic ions that are part of the nitrogen cycle. High doses of these ions in drinking water impose a potential risk to public health. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations are carried out to study the passage of nitrate and nitrite ions from water through graphene nanosheets (GNS) with hydrogen‐functionalized narrow pores in presence of an external electric field. The passage of ions through the pores is investigated through calculations of ion flux, and the results are analyzed through calculations of various structural and thermodynamic properties such as the density of ions and water, ion–water radial distribution functions, two‐dimensional density distribution functions, and the potentials of mean force of the ions. Current simulations show that the nitrite ions can pass more in numbers than the nitrate ions in a given time through GNS hydrogen‐functionalized pore of different geometry. It is found that the nitrite ions can permeate faster than the nitrate ions despite the former having higher hydration energy in the bulk. This can be explained in terms of the competition between the number density of the ions along the pore axis and the free energy barrier calculated from the potential of mean force. Also, an externally applied electric field is found to be important for faster permeation of the nitrite over the nitrate ions. The current study suggests that graphene nanosheets with carefully created pores can be effective in achieving selective passage of ions from aqueous solutions.
Model‐Based Evaluation of Linear Limited and Bayesian Sparse Sampling for Therapeutic Monitoring of Recombinant Coagulation Factor IX
Authors: Tegenge Million A. , Mahmood Iftekhar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDosing of coagulation factor products is mainly determined based on a patient's body weight; however, several studies have reported high interindividual variability in their pharmacokinetics (PK). The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate 2 sparse sampling methods for the estimation of AUC of recombinant factor IX (BeneFIX) as proof of concept for dose individualization. A population pharmacokinetic model was used to generate the plasma factor IX activity‐versus‐time data. The linear limited sampling model (LLSM) was developed based on the correlation of factor IX activity versus AUC0‐72 hours following screening of several blood sampling times in adolescent and adult subjects (n = 90 subjects). Factor IX trough concentrations were predicted from a relationship established from AUC versus factor IX activity measured 72 hours postdosing. Using the best selected sampling time, the LLSM and Bayesian model were validated in separate data sets (n = 75 subjects). Using the LLSM and Bayesian analysis, a blood sample at 24 hours predicted AUC with bias and root mean square error < 5% and < 15%, respectively. The predicted trough concentrations were ≥1 IU/dL in 99% and 100% of subjects by the LLSM and Bayesian model, respectively. The average factor IX dose for a target AUC of 800 IU·h/dL was 61, 60, and 63 IU/kg using the extensive (reference), LLSM and Bayesian model, respectively. Overall, the AUC, trough concentrations and individualized dosing of recombinant factor IX could be reasonably predicted using the LLSM and Bayesian model.
Real‐time optimization and control for polyhydroxybutyrate fed‐batch production at pilot plant scale
Authors: Ochoa Silvia , García Cesar , Alcaraz Wilman 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPolyhydroxyalkanoate‐type polymers (PHAs) are claimed as an alternative for replacing conventional plastics; but the economic feasibility of its production should still be assured in order to accomplish such a massive goal. In a previous work on fed‐batch production of PHAs, it was shown that the process yield and the properties of the biopolymer obtained highly depend on the type of feeding strategy applied. Such results evidenced the need for implementing optimization‐based control strategies to control the process in real‐time, rather than implementing pre‐defined feeding policies.RESULTSIn this study, real‐time optimization for the fed‐batch production of PHAs at pilot plant scale from a low‐cost substrate (vinasses‐molasses mixture) is presented. Two optimization‐based control strategies were developed to calculate the optimal feed flow rate. One strategy considered only the process productivity as an objective, whereas the other incorporated not only productivity but also a profitability‐oriented objective. The latter resulted in a productivity of 0.364 g/L h and a maximal polymer concentration of 62.03% cell dry weight, versus 0.043 g/L h and 6.25% attained by applying a traditional feedback control law.CONCLUSIONImplementation of closed‐loop based‐optimal control policies in PHA production has led to higher yield and polymer concentration, confirming that an improved operation of fed‐batch bioprocesses is reached when the feeding policy is updated in real‐time, according to an optimization goal. Despite implementation costs, applying this approach might be the best alternative for simultaneously facing uncertainties and achieving optimal operation at an industrial scale, especially when living microorganisms are used as factories. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of chitosan and Dysphania ambrosioides on the bone regeneration process: A randomized controlled trial in an animal model
Authors: Penha Elizandra Silva da , Lacerda‐Santos Rogério , de Medeiros Luanna Abílio Diniz Melquíades , Araújo Rosendo Rosana , dos Santos Antonielson , Fook Marcus Vinícius Lia , de Sousa Wladymyr Jefferson Bacalhau , de Oliveira Firmino Millena , Montagna Erik 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe focus of this triple‐blind study was on evaluating the effect of chitosan combined with Dysphania ambrosioides (A) extract on the bone repair process in vivo. In total, 60 male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) weighing between 260 and 270 g were randomly selected for this study and distributed into four groups (n = 15). Group C (chitosan), Group CA5 (chitosan + 5% of D. ambrosioides), Group CA20 (chitosan + 20% of D. ambrosioides), and Group CO (Control‐Blood clot). In each animal, bone defects measuring 2 mm in diameter were performed in both tibias for placement of the substances. After 7, 15, and 30 days, the animals were sedated and sacrificed using the cervical dislocation technique and the tissues were analyzed under optical microscope relative to the following events: inflammatory infiltrate, necrosis, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, fibroblasts, periosteal, and endosteal bone formation. The data were evaluated to verify distribution using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, and variance, using the Levene test; as distribution was not normal, data were subjected to the Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn nonparametric tests (p < .05). A significant inflammatory infiltrate was observed in Group CA5 (p = .008) in the time interval of 7 days, and in Group C at 15 (p = .009) and 30 (p = .017) days. Osteoblastic activity was more significant in Group CA20 (p = .027) compared with CA5 in the time interval of 7 days. Group CA20 demonstrated a significantly higher endosteal and periosteal bone formation value in the time interval of 7 (p = .013), 15 (p = .004), and 30 days (p = .008) compared with the other groups. The null hypothesis was refuted, bone regeneration was faster in spheres with an association of chitosan and 20% extract, and complete bone repair occurred clinically at 15 days and histologically at 30 days. The spheres proved to be a promising method for the biostimulation of alveolar bone repair and bone fractures.
Revisiting the indications for liver transplantation in cirrhotic patients considering the long‐term outcomes of cirrhotic patients
Authors: Ishigami Masatoshi , Honda Takashi , Kuzuya Teiji , Ishizu Yoji , Ito Takanori , Kamei Hideya , Ogura Yasuhiro , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn this study, we investigated long‐term survival of cirrhotic patients without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the proper timing of liver transplantation in the era with recent progress of management.MethodsWe first classified 217 non‐transplant cirrhotic patients without HCC according to the long‐term survival based on Child‐Turcotte‐Pugh (CTP) scores and the MELD scores. We then compared them with the survival after liver transplantation in 114 patients with liver cirrhosis.ResultsWe classified into four groups (class A as CTP score of 5,6, B as 7,8, C as 9‐12, D as 13‐15) according to the long‐term survival of the patients, the survivals of patients with class C and D were significantly worse compared with transplant patients (P < 0.001 in each group). And we also classified into four groups based on the MELD scores (class A as MELD score of −8, B as 9‐12, C as 13‐19, D as 19‐), the survivals of patients with class C and D were significantly worse compared with those of transplant patients (P < 0.001 in each group).ConclusionsConsidering the long‐term survival of patients with liver cirrhosis, CTP score of 9 and/or MELD score of 13 could be a proper timing for liver transplantation.
Measuring the color capability of modern display systems
Authors: Smith Euan , Heckaman Rodney L. , Lang Karl , Penczek John , Bergquist Johan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHistorically displays used three colorants in an additive system. During that time, the CIE chromaticity diagram adequately illustrated color capability. Modern displays are not constrained by this additive architecture, and the diagram can fail in its purpose. This is demonstrated by analysis and a large number of display measurements. A device‐independent methodology using CIE 1976 L*a*b* color gamut volume is described that provides a robust means to determine the size of the color gamut. This methodology is then extended to the ‘gamut rings’ diagram as a solution for visualizing color capability that directly correlates to color gamut volume. It is further shown how the methodology can be applied to determine the intersection between two gamut volume boundaries.
An international laboratory comparison of dissolved organic matter composition by high resolution mass spectrometry: Are we getting the same answer?
Authors: Hawkes Jeffrey A. , D'Andrilli Juliana , Agar Jeffrey N. , Barrow Mark P. , Berg Stephanie M. , Catalán Núria , Chen Hongmei , Chu Rosalie K. , Cole Richard B. , Dittmar Thorsten , Gavard Rémy , Gleixner Gerd , Hatcher Patrick G. , He Chen , Hess Nancy J. , Hutchins Ryan H. S. , Ijaz Amna , Jones Hugh E. , Kew William , Khaksari Maryam , Palacio Lozano Diana Catalina , Lv Jitao , Mazzoleni Lynn R , Noriega‐Ortega Beatriz E. , Osterholz Helena , Radoman Nikola , Remucal Christina K. , Schmitt Nicholas D. , Schum Simeon K , Shi Quan , Simon Carsten , Singer Gabriel , Sleighter Rachel L. , Stubbins Aron , Thomas Mary J. , Tolic Nikola , Zhang Shuzhen , Zito Phoebe , Podgorski David C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHigh‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has become a vital tool for dissolved organic matter (DOM) characterization. The upward trend in HRMS analysis of DOM presents challenges in data comparison and interpretation among laboratories operating instruments with differing performance and user operating conditions. It is therefore essential that the community establishes metric ranges and compositional trends for data comparison with reference samples so that data can be robustly compared among research groups. To this end, four identically prepared DOM samples were each measured by 16 laboratories, using 17 commercially purchased instruments, using positive‐ion and negative‐ion mode electrospray ionization (ESI) HRMS analyses. The instruments identified ~1000 common ions in both negative‐ and positive‐ion modes over a wide range of m/z values and chemical space, as determined by van Krevelen diagrams. Calculated metrics of abundance‐weighted average indices (H/C, O/C, aromaticity, and m/z) of the commonly detected ions showed that hydrogen saturation and aromaticity were consistent for each reference sample across the instruments, while average mass and oxygenation were more affected by differences in instrument type and settings. In this paper we present 32 metric values for future benchmarking. The metric values were obtained for the four different parameters from four samples in two ionization modes and can be used in future work to evaluate the performance of HRMS instruments.
Influence of 0.35 T magnetic field on the response of EBT3 and EBT‐XD radiochromic films
Authors: Darafsheh Arash , Hao Yao , Maraghechi Borna , Cammin Jochen , Reynoso Francisco J. , Khan Rao 
Published: June 2020

PurposeTo investigate the inconsistency of recent literature on the effect of magnetic field on the response of radiochromic films, we studied the influence of 0.35 T magnetic field on dosimetric response of EBT3 and EBT‐XD GafchromicTM films.MethodsTwo different models of radiochromic films, EBT3 and EBT‐XD, were investigated. Pieces of films samples from two different batches for each model were irradiated at different dose levels ranging from 1 to 20 Gy using 6 MV flattening filter free (FFF) x‐rays generated by a clinical MR‐guided radiotherapy system (B = 0.35 T). Film samples from the same batch were irradiated at corresponding dose levels using 6 MV FFF beam from a conventional linac (B = 0) for comparison. The net optical density was measured 48 h postirradiation using a flatbed scanner. The absorbance spectra were also measured over 500–700 nm wavelength range using a fiber‐coupled spectrometer with 2.5 nm resolution. To study the effect of fractionated dose delivery to EBT3 (/EBT‐XD) films, 8 (/16) Gy dose was delivered in four 2 (/4) Gy fractions with 24 h interval between fractions.ResultsNo significant difference was found in the net optical density and net absorbance of the films irradiated with or without the presence of magnetic field. No dependency on the orientation of the film during irradiation with respect to the magnetic field was observed. The fractionated dose delivery resulted in the same optical density as delivering the whole dose in a single fraction.ConclusionsThe 0.35 T magnetic field employed in the ViewRay® MR‐guided radiotherapy system did not show any significant influence on the response of EBT3 and EBT‐XD GafchromicTM films.
Registration of ‘StandClear CLP’ hard red winter wheat
Authors: Berg J. E. , Kephart K. D. , Lamb P. F. , Davis E. S. , Eberly J. O. , Miller J. H. , Chen C. , Pradhan G. P. , Torrion J. A. , Ramsfield R. , Smith V. , Nash D. L. , Holen D. L. , Cook J. P. , Gale S. , Jin Y. , Chen X. , Bruckner P. L. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract‘StandClear CLP’ (Reg. no. CV‐1162, PI 693236) hard red winter (HRW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed and released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station and exclusively licensed to Loveland Products, Inc., in 2020. StandClear CLP is a two‐gene Clearfield, semisolid‐stem wheat intended for use with the selective imidazolinone (IMI) herbicide imazamox. StandClear CLP resulted from a cross of MTS0531 to an IMI herbicide tolerant F1 plant from a population segregating for two acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) genes [TaAHAS1D and TaAHAS1B]. Original herbicide tolerance donors were IMI ‘Fidel’ (TX12588*4/FS2, BASF) for allele TaAHAS1D via descended experimental lines MTCL0309 and MTCL0510, and proprietary hard red spring wheat line CDC Teal 11A (BASF Corporation) for allele TaAHAS1B. StandClear CLP was selected as a F6:7 headrow in 2014 following multiple cycles of phenotypic mass selection for IMI herbicide tolerance and stem solidness. StandClear CLP was tested under the experimental number MTCS1601 from 2016 to 2019 in Montana for field performance, herbicide tolerance, and end‐use quality. StandClear CLP is a high‐yielding, Clearfield HRW wheat cultivar with intermediate stem solidness, moderate host plant resistance to wheat stem sawfly, and acceptable milling and baking quality.
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Core–Shell Nanoparticles—Insights into the Growth of Different Geometries
Authors: Womiloju Aisha A. , Höppener Christiane , Schubert Ulrich S. , Hoeppener Stephanie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMicrowave irradiation is utilized for the rapid synthesis of gold–silver core–shell bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) in a two‐step process. A strategy of establishing a bilayer organic barrier around the core using citrate and ascorbic acid as capping agents, providing a means to achieve a well‐defined boundary layer between the core and the shell material, is reported. These boundary layers are essential for synthesizing different core–shell morphologies and the approach results in tunable bimetallic NPs with defined core–shell structures, both for spherical as well as for triangular seed cores. In addition, theoretical calculations of the plasmonic characteristics based on the boundary element method of different classes of NPs are conducted. These investigations enable conclusions to be drawn on the influence of the core morphology on the tunability of their localized surface plasmon resonances.
Engineering the specificity of Streptococcus pyogenes sortase A by loop grafting
Authors: Wójcik Magdalena , Szala Kamil , van Merkerk Ronald , Quax Wim J. , Boersma Ykelien L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSortases are a group of enzymes displayed on the cell‐wall of Gram‐positive bacteria. They are responsible for the attachment of virulence factors onto the peptidoglycan in a transpeptidation reaction through recognition of a pentapeptide substrate. Most housekeeping sortases recognize one specific pentapeptide motif; however, Streptococcus pyogenes sortase A (SpSrtA WT) recognizes LPETG, LPETA and LPKLG motifs. Here, we examined SpSrtA's flexible substrate specificity by investigating the role of the β7/β8 loop in determining substrate specificity. We exchanged the β7/β8 loop in SpSrtA with corresponding β7/β8 loops from Staphylococcus aureus (SaSrtA WT) and Bacillus anthracis (BaSrtA WT). While the BaSrtA‐derived variant showed no enzymatic activity toward either LPETG or LPETA substrates, the activity of the SaSrtA‐derived mutant toward the LPETA substrate was completely abolished. Instead, the mutant had an improved activity toward LPETG, the preferred substrate of SaSrtA WT.
Evaluation of pyrethroids and organophosphates in insecticide mixtures for management of western corn rootworm larvae
Authors: St. Clair Coy R , Norris Edmund J , Masloski Kenneth E , Coats Joel R , Gassmann Aaron J 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe western corn rootworm is an economically important pest of corn. Management tactics include pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides, which may be applied as a mixture to protect corn roots. The goal of our study was to characterize the effects of pyrethroids and organophosphates alone and in combination on larval corn rootworm mortality and injury to corn roots. We evaluated two insecticide combinations: tebupirimphos with β‐cyfluthrin and chlorethoxyfos with bifenthrin. Using a soil‐based, laboratory bioassay, we exposed larvae to five concentrations of the pyrethroid alone, the organophosphate alone, the combined formulation, and a water control. We calculated LC50 values and co‐toxicity factors to determine synergism or antagonism between organophosphates and pyrethroids. We also measured adult emergence and root injury in a field experiment that tested tebupirimphos alone, β‐cyfluthrin alone, the combined formulation, and an untreated control.RESULTSBioassay results indicated antagonism between the pyrethroid and organophosphate at most concentrations for both insecticide combinations. In the field experiment, tebupirimphos alone or in combination with β‐cyfluthrin significantly reduced adult emergence and root injury compared to the untreated controls, but β‐cyfluthrin alone did not differ from the untreated control for either metric.CONCLUSIONSThese results suggest that, at the concentrations tested, the pyrethroid component of pyrethroid–organophosphate mixtures may not contribute to a reduction of rootworm emergence or root injury. While these pyrethroids may confer a management benefit for other pests, such as seedcorn maggot, the concentrations of pyrethroids present in current formulations of these mixtures are likely too low for effective rootworm management. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
A new multimodal, image‐guided, robot‐assisted, interstitial brachytherapy for the treatment of head and neck tumors–A preliminary study
Authors: Fanhao Meng , Xiaodong Xue , Bo Qiao , Lejun Xing , Yu Song , Liang Zhu , Tingting Jia , Rui Zhao , Depeng Zhao , Ran An , Yu Tian , Suixin Hu , Zheng Zhou , Wenjun Yu , Haizhong Zhang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundInterstitial brachytherapy (BT) is becoming an accepted treatment option for head and neck cancer patients for whom surgery poses high risks. Multimodal, image‐guided, robotic surgery has the potential to allow precise seed implantation into tumors. Our aim was to introduce a new multimodal, image‐guided surgical robot during the performance of interstitial BT for the treatment of tumors in the head and neck regions.MethodsClinical data for three patients were analyzed, retrospectively; patients had received 125I seed implantations from July 2019 to October 2019. Multimodal, image‐guided, robotic surgery was performed in all patients. Postoperative computed tomography data were imported to software to evaluate the accuracy of the seed position and the operation times.ResultsThe mean placement error of the 125I seed was 1.9 ± 0.74 mm. The mean operation time is 47 minutes.ConclusionThe experimental results showed that the Remebot has promise for use during BT for the head and neck.
Interactions among Sustainable Development Goals: Knowledge for identifying multipliers and virtuous cycles
Authors: Pham‐Truffert Myriam , Metz Florence , Fischer Manuel , Rueff Henri , Messerli Peter 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDeveloped to be interconnected by design, the 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) and their 169 targets have attracted a growing scientific community committed to exploring the systemic interactions inherent to the 2030 Agenda. Understanding which SDGs influence one another (positively or negatively) is critical to prioritize and implement policies that maximize synergies between goals while navigating trade‐offs. In this way, the need for informed decision‐making urgently requires knowledge of context‐specific SDG interactions. Drawing on an extensive literature review (including scientific reports and scholarly articles), we collected, synthesized, and analyzed data about negative and positive interactions among SDG goals and targets. Based on this unique dataset, our analysis focused on three key elements of the resulting network of SDG interactions: First, we identified the most dominant SDGs in the network. Second, we identified systemic multipliers, defined as nodes with higher weighted amounts of outgoing than incoming influence. Third, we identified critical sub‐networks of strongly interconnected SDG targets, highlighting possible virtuous cycles that could serve as concrete entry points to realize the 2030 Agenda. Building on our results, a collaborative effort to add and refine data on behalf of an open‐knowledge platform could provide a solid basis for further analysis and enhanced usability in concrete contexts.