bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers and facilitators to retaining a cohort of street-based cisgender female sex workers recruited in Baltimore, Maryland, USA: Results from the SAPPHIRE study
Authors: Silberzahn Bradley , Morris Miles B. , Riegger Katelyn E. , White Rebecca H. , Tomko Catherine A. , Park Ju N. , Footer Katherine H.A. , Huettner Steven S. , Sherman Susan G. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Despite experiencing HIV/STIs, violence, and other morbidities at higher rates than the general public, street-based female sex workers are often absent from public health research and surveillance due to the difficulty and high costs associated with engagement and retention. The current study builds on existing literature by examining barriers and facilitators of retaining a street-based cohort of cisgender female sex workers recruited in a mobile setting in Baltimore, Maryland who participated in the SAPPHIRE study. Participants completed interviews and sexual health testing at baseline, 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-months.Methods: Retention strategies are described and discussed in light of their benefits and challenges. Strategies included collecting several forms of participant contact information, maintaining an extensive field presence by data collectors, conducting social media outreach and public record searches, and providing cash and non-cash incentives. We also calculated raw and adjusted retention proportions at each follow-up period. Lastly, baseline sample characteristics were compared by number of completed visits across demographic, structural vulnerabilities, work environment, and substance use variables using F-tests and Pearson’s chi-square tests. Results: Although there were drawbacks to each retention strategy, each method was useful in tandem in achieving a successful follow-up rate. While direct forms of contact such as phone calls, social media outreach, and email were useful for retaining more stable participants, less stable participants required extensive field-based efforts such as home and site visits that increase the likelihood of random encounters. Overall, adjusted retention exceeded 70% for the duration of the 12-month study. Participants who were younger, recently experienced homelessness, and injected drugs daily were less likely to have completed all or most follow-up visits.Conclusion: Retention of street-based female sex workers required the simultaneous use of diverse retention strategies that were tailored to participant characteristics. With familiarity of the dynamic nature of the study population characteristics, resources can be appropriately allocated to the most likely method(s) of successful retention.
DNA methylation regulates glioma cell cycle through down-regulating MiR-133a-5p expression
Authors: Liu Liang , Zhu Zhengquan , Li Xu , Zheng Yong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: MiRNAs plays a key role in regulating gene expression networks of various biological processes in many cancers. Results: Here, we analyzed miRNA expression profiles by miRNA microarray and verified by RT-PCR. It was shown that the expression difference of miR-133a-5p was most significantly and consistently downregulated. The proliferative capacity and cell cycle profile of cells transfected with miR-133a-5p mimic were assessed by colony forming assay and PI staining, respectively. The target gene of miR-133a-5p was predicted using TargetScan and verified by dual luciferase gene reporter assay. Western blotting and RT-PCR were used to analyze the expression levels of relevant factors. Methylation-specific quantitative PCR (MSP) was used to detect miR-133a-5p methylation levels. Epigenetic regulation of miR-133a-5p was assessed by treating the cells with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor AZA or the histone deacetylase inhibitor TSA. We found that overexpression of miR-133a-5p inhibited cell proliferation, induced a cell cycle arrest and downregulated the expression of Cyclin D1, Cyclin D2, and cyclin dependent kinase 4 (CdK4). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 alpha (PPARGC1A or PGC-1α) was verified as a target gene of miR-133a-5p. PGC-1α protein levels were significantly decreased in glioma cells following miR-133a-5p overexpression. Furthermore, forced expression of PGC-1α partly abrogated the anti-proliferative effects of miR-133a-5p. miR-133a-5p was hypermethylated in glioma cells, and AZA treatment significantly up-regulated its levels. Conclusions: MiR-133a-5p is downregulated in glioma cells through promoter hypermethylation, and its forced expression inhibits glioma cell proliferation and induces G1 phase arrest by targeting PGC-1α.
Evaluating capacity at three government referral hospital emergency units in the Kingdom of Eswatini using the WHO Hospital Emergency Unit Assessment Tool
Authors: Pigoga Jennifer , Joiner Anjni Patel , Chowa Phindile , Luong Jennifer , Mhlanga Masitsela , Reynolds Teri , Wallis Lee 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The Kingdom of Eswatini, a lower-middle income nation of 1.45 million in southern Africa, has recently identified emergency care as a key strategy to respond to the national disease burden. We aimed to evaluate the current capacity of hospital emergency care areas using the WHO Hospital Emergency Unit Assessment Tool (HEAT) at government referral hospitals in Eswatini. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of three government referral hospital emergency care areas using HEAT in May 2018. This standardised tool assists healthcare facilities to assess the emergency care delivery capacity in facilities and support in identifying gaps and targeting interventions to strengthen care delivery within emergency care areas. Senior-level emergency care area employees, including senior medical officers and nurse matrons, were interviewed using the HEAT. Results: All sites provided some level of emergency care 24 hours a day, seven days a week, though most had multiple entry points for emergency care. Only one facility had a dedicated area for receiving emergencies and a dedicated resuscitation area; two had triage areas. Facilities had limited capacity to perform signal functions (life-saving procedures that require both skills and resources). Commonly reported barriers included training deficits and lack of access to supplies, medications, and equipment. Sites also lacked formal clinical management and process protocols (such as triage and clinical protocols). Conclusions: The HEAT highlighted strengths and weaknesses of emergency care delivery within hospitals in Eswatini and identified specific causes of these system and service gaps. In order to improve emergency care outcomes, multiple interventions are needed, including training opportunities, improvement in supply chains, and implementation of clinical and process protocols for emergency care areas. We hope that these findings will allow hospital administrators and planners to develop effective change management plans.
Mutation analysis of 419 family and prenatal diagnosis of 339 cases of spinal muscular atrophy in China
Authors: Sun Yingjie , Kong Xiangdong , Zhao Zhenhua , Zhao Xuechao 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a common and lethal autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. At present, gene therapy medicine for SMA, i.e., Spinraza (Nusinersen), has been approved by the FDA, bringing hope to SMA patients and families. Accurate diagnosis is essential for treatment. Our goal was to detect genetic mutations in SMA patients in China and to show the results of the prenatal diagnosis of SMA.Methods In this study, we examined 419 patients in our hospital from January 2010 to September 2019. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification analysis was used to determine the copy numbers of SMN1 and SMN2. Long-range PCR combined with nested PCR was used to detect point mutations in SMN1. In addition to the above detection methods, we also used QF-PCR in prenatal diagnosis to reduce the impact of maternal contamination. We conducted a total of 339 prenatal diagnoses from January 2010 to September 2019.Results Homozygous deletion of SMN1 exon 7 was detected in 96.40% (404/419) of patients. Homozygous deletion of SMN1 exon 7 alone was detected in 15 patients (3.60%). In total, 10 point mutations were detected in the 15 pedigrees. Most patients with SMA Type I have 1~2 copies of the SMN2 gene. Patients with SMA Type II have 2 or 3 copies of the SMN2 gene. The results of prenatal diagnoses showed that 118 fetuses were normal, 149 fetuses were carriers of heterozygous variants, and the remaining 72 fetuses harbored compound heterozygous variants or homozygous variants. Conclusions Our study found that the most common mutation in SMA was homozygous deletion of SMN1 exon 7 in our study. We suggest that detecting only the deletion of exon 7 of SMN1 can meet most of the screening needs. We also believe that SMN2 copy numbers can help infer the disease classification and provide some reference for future treatment options.
Molecular epidemiology of carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Sri Lanka: First report of KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Kumudunie Wirittamulla Gamage Maheshika , Wijesooriya Wijesooriya Rathnayaka Pathirennehalage Lakmini Inoka , Namalie Kalubowilage Dhananja , Sunil-Chandra Narapity Pathirannehalage , Wijayasinghe Yasanandana Supunsiri 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to author disagreement.
HIV understanding, experiences and perceptions of HIV-positive men who have sex with men in Amazonian Peru: A qualitative study.
Authors: Tattsbridge Jasmine , Wiskin Connie , De Wildt Gilles , Llavall Anna Clavé , Ramal-Asayag César 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background HIV-related incidence and mortality is increasing across Peru, with highest mortality rates recorded in Amazonian region of Loreto. This epidemic is concentrated in men who have sex with men, a population with 14% HIV treatment adherence despite free national provision. This study investigates barriers and facilitators to following healthcare advice through experiences and perceptions of HIV-positive men who have sex with men and healthcare professionals in Loreto. Methods Twenty qualitative interviews with HIV-positive men who have sex with men and one focus group with HIV-specialist healthcare professionals were conducted in Loreto, January-February 2019. Interviews were transcribed per verbatim. Thematic content analysis and deviant case analysis were used. Results A culture of isolation and discrimination was identified, propagated by poor public knowledge surrounding HIV transmission and treatment. Employment potential was hampered and 7/20 patients had suicidal thoughts post-diagnosis. Barriers to care included: shame, depression, travel cost/times, a preference for traditional plant-based medicine and side-effects of antiretroviral therapy. Facilitators included: education, family and clinic support, disease acceptance and lifestyle changes. Conclusion More effective, focussed community education and workplace discrimination investigations are recommended to reduce stigma and increase adherence to treatment in this population.
Facile method for the selective recover of Gd and Pr from LCD screen wastes using ultrasound-assisted leaching
Authors: Pérez Astrid D. Toache , Miró Ana M. Bolarín , De Jesús Félix Sánchez , Lavine Gretchen T. Lapidus 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Rare earth elements (REE) are essential for the production of technological devices. However, their high demand and low availability, together with an increase in electronic waste generation, compel the development of efficient, economic and green methods for recovering these elements from electronic waste. In this work, a facile method for selective recovering of REE from Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) screen wastes, employing ultrasound assisted leaching is presented. The screen wastes were milled and sieved to pass through − 325 mesh sieve. The milled powder was summited to ultrasound-assisted leaching in aqueous medium, at room temperature (25 °C) and pH 6 for 60 minutes. Subsequently, a magnetic separation was applied into the leach residue. ICP was employed to quantitatively analyze the composition of the LCD powders and the effectiveness of the extraction process. SEM-EDS allowed qualitatively analyzing the chemical composition of the solid materials. The results shown that the LCD screen wastes are formed, mainly, by amorphous oxides of Si, Fe, In, Sn and REE. The amount of Gd and Pr in the wastes were 93 mg/kg and 24 mg/kg, respectively; It represents enough reason to recover it. X-ray diffraction analysis of the magnetic portion of the leaching residue, confirmed the presence of an amorphous phase together with crystalline metallic iron alloy. The magnetic behavior, obtained by Vibration Sample Magnetometry, helped to understand the nature of the residues. The formation of this metallic alloy is attributed to the effect of high power ultrasonic during the leaching. It was confirmed that the magnetic residues concentrates and recovers 87 wt. % of Gd and 85 wt. % of Pr of the total content of these REE in the magnetic residue. Therefore, ultrasound-assisted leaching is a selective and facile method for recovering Gd and Pr from a screen wastes.
Plant Community Analysis along Environmental Gradients in Moist Afromontane Forest of Gerba Dima, South-western Ethiopia
Authors: Hundie Abyot Dibaba , Urgessa Teshome Soromessa , Dullo Bikila Warkineh 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
This study was carried out in Gerba Dima Forest, South-Western Ethiopia, to determine the floristic composition, species diversity and community types along environmental gradients. Ninety sample plots having a size of 25 × 25 m (625 m2) were laid by employing stratified random sampling. Nested plots were used to sample plants of different sizes and different environmental variables. All woody plant species with Diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 2.5 cm and height ≥ 1.5 m were recorded in 25 m X 25 m plots. Within the major plots, five 3 m x 3 m subplots (9 m2) was used to collect shrubs with dbh < 2.5 cm and > 1.5 m height. Within each 9 m2subplots, two 1 m2 subplots were used to collect data on the species and abundance of herbaceous plants. Hierarchical (agglomerative) cluster analysis was performed using the free statistical software R version 3.6.1 using package cluster to classify the vegetation into plant community types. Redundancy Analysis (RDA) ordination was used in describing the pattern of plant communities along an environmental gradient.
Result
One hundred and eighty plant species belonging to 145 genera, 69 families and comprising of 15 endemic species were recorded. Cluster analysis resulted in five different plant communities and this result was supported by the ordination result. RDA result showed altitude was the main environmental variable in determining the plant communities. The ANOVA test indicated that the five community types differ significantly from each other with regard to EC and K.
Conclusions
The studied forest can play a significant role in biodiversity conservation since it harbours high species diversity and richness. Thus, all Stakeholders including Oromia Forest and wildlife enterprise (OFWE) and the regional government should work to designate the forest as a biosphere reserve and being registered under UNESCO.
The psychometric properties of the Bergen–Yale Sex Addiction Scale for the Iranian population
Authors: Youseflu Samaneh , Kraus Shane W. , Razavinia Fatemeh , Afrashteh Majid Yousefi , niroomand soudabeh 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The assessment of sex addiction among different populations requires a valid and reliable tool. Since the Bergen–Yale Sex Addiction Scale (BYSAS) was not available in Iran, this study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Persian version of BYSAS. Method: After translation/back-translation procedure, a total of 756 Iranian men and women completed the BYSAS. The structural validity of this tool was evaluated by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. An expert panel review also examined content validity of the items. Psychometric properties of the scale including validity, reliability (internal consistency [Cronbach’s alpha]) and test-retest) and factor structure were assessed. Results: Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) scores for BYSAS were 0.75 and 0.62, respectively. Data analysis demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha ranging from 0.88 to 0.89). Discussion: Study findings suggest that the BYSAS is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing sex addiction among Persian speaking adults. Replication of research findings is needed to expand the BYSAS for clinical and non-clinical Iranian populations.
Cumulative live birth rates over multiple complete cycles of in vitro fertilisation cycles: ten-year cohort study of 20687 women following freeze-all strategy
Authors: Zhu Qianqian , Wang Bian , Lin Jiaying , Yin Mingru , Wang yun , Guo Haiyan , kuang yanping 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

For patients embarking on in vitro fertilization (IVF) or Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), one of the most concerned problems is their chance of a live-birth. The cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) after IVF has been reported in recent years; however these studies were all about conventional IVF strategy, the CLBRs following freeze-all strategy has not been reported.
Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study. A total of 20687 women undergoing their first and following IVF cycles during the period from January 1, 2007 through March 31, 2016 were included in this study. The primary Outcomes of the present study were presented in three types: the live birth rate per complete cycle, the conservative CLBR and the optimal CLBR.
Results

The CLBR increased from 50.74% for the first complete cycle to 64.41% after seven complete cycles,and varied by age category. The CLBR after five complete cycles declined from 77.11% for women younger than 31 years, to 8.63% for women older than 40 years. The predictors of live birth over multiple complete cycles for patients embarking on IVF following freeze-all strategy were women’s age and causes of infertility. In the model constructed for patients finishing the first complete cycle, the number of oocyte retrieved at complete cycle one also played an important predictive role.
Conclusions

Among women undergoing IVF following freeze-all strategy, the CLBR after seven complete IVF cycles was 84.77% if there were no barriers to continue the IVF treatment, with variation by age. Two prediction models were developed to estimate their probability of having a baby over multiple complete IVF cycles with freeze-all strategy among patients before starting IVF and patients after the first complete cycle, which is critical for patients to make treatment decisions and preparations physically, emotionally and financially.
Is the tuberculosis knowledge awareness obstructing tuberculosis infection in rural areas of Anqing, China?
Authors: Wen Yufeng , Zou Yunfei , Zhang Zhiping , Wu Huan , Wang Ximei , Wang Chenxu , Xue Hui 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background

Health education on tuberculosis is considered as one of the major measures for prevention of tuberculosis disease epidemic. This study is to assess the effects of tuberculosis awareness on tuberculosis infection in rural areas in China.
Methods

This study was conducted in rural areas of Anhui province, China. There 1118 newly diagnosed TB patients were selected as case group while 384 participants with no TB disease enrolled in control group. Univariate analysis and Multivariable logistic regression model were carried out to assess the effect of TB awareness on TB infection.
Results

The univariate analysis showed that four core knowledge items of TB, sex, age, education, domicile, smoking, drinking, income, contacting with TB patients, vaccination of bacillus calmette guerin and living area on TB were significantly different between the case and control groups (P < 0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that education (OR = 0.242, P = 0.001), income (OR = 0.555, P = 0.016) were protective factors and domicile (OR = 0.073, P = 0.026), contacting with TB patients (OR = 3.020, P = 0.017) were risk factors for TB infection. However, the awareness or any item of knowledge of TB were not found to be related to TB infection.
Conclusions

The awareness of TB is not the main influencing factor for TB infection in rural areas, the contents or forms of health education towards TB maybe modified in rural areas.
LRIG1 regulates invasion and migration of human gliomas through SNAI2 and E-cadherin
Authors: Tao Xiang , Zhang Wenfei , Liu Junhui , Zhu Xiaonan , Ji Baowei , Xu Haitao , Chen Zhibiao 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The particular molecular mechanisms that activates invasion and migration of human gliomas remains obscure. Our previous study has indicated the function of leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1(LRIG1) in the inhibition of the cell invasion and downstream genes snail homolog 2(SNAI2) and E-cadherin were involved in this process. In this study we give an insight into the role SNAI2 and E-cadherin played in this process and the relationship between them in glioma tissue specimen. We employed a full length expression plasmid to overexpress LRIG1 in the malignant glioma cell line U251. Introduction of exogenous LRIG1 into U251 significantly inhibited cell invasion and metastasis detected by transwell assay and scratch test, respectively. On the other hand, LRIG1 overexpression leads to reduced SNAI2 expression and elevated E-cadherin expression, manifested by qRT-PCR and western blot, which was consistent with the results in glioma tissue specimens. Further research revealed that 4-chloro-DL-phenylalanine (PCPA), a small molecule inhibitor of SNAI2, can significantly promote the inhibitory effect of cell invasion and migration caused by overexpressed LRIG1. Our data suggested that LRIG1 as a tumor suppressor restricted glioma invasion and migration by regulating SNAI2 and E-cadherin axis and low expression of LRIG1 is associated with poor prognosis in glioma. In conclusion, restoration of LRIG1 in glioma cells could be a novel therapeutic strategy.