bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Content acquisition podcasts’ impact on preservice teachers’ understanding of language and disability
Authors: McNamara Scott W. T. , Wilson Kylie R. , Petersen Amy 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEducators’ understanding and use of language is particularly relevant in relation to historically marginalized groups, such as people with disabilities. However, previous research has suggested that teacher education programs do not adequately address the concepts of language and disability. Content acquisition podcasts (CAPs) may provide them with knowledge related to language and disability. The purposes of this investigation were to determine how a CAP impacts undergraduate students’ understanding of language with regards to people with disabilities, and examine undergraduate students’ perceptions towards CAPs as a learning tool. Qualitative analyses, a pairwise t‐test, and a Pearson’s correlation analysis were used to determine CAP’s impact on 43 preservice educators. Results revealed that the CAP significantly increased the participants’ knowledge and that the participants had positive perceptions towards the CAP. Findings from focus group discussions indicated a number of themes emerged in relation to both language use regarding people with disabilities and CAPs.
Practitioner NotesWhat is already known about this topic

Language allows for one to build and understand the world around them, as well as reflects how one views others.
The language educators use when referring to and addressing students with disabilities creates a unique environment that can impact students with disabilities’ self‐esteem, and provides a model for typically developing students on how to interact with their peers with disabilities.
Podcasts have been noted as an educational phenomenon, with social and “media‐rich” features that exemplify the uniqueness and broad appeal of online learning.
What this paper adds

Although there has been a great deal of research with regards to content acquisition podcasts (CAPs), most of the research has focused on topics that have singular answers, rather than focusing on complex issues that are often contextual, such as language use.
This study utilized focus groups to better understand undergraduate students’ perceptions of CAPs. To the best of the investigators’ knowledge, is the first CAP study to do so.
Implications for practice and/or policy

This investigation suggests that CAPs can be used to teach ambiguous and complex information, such as language usage and disability, to preservice teachers.
CAPs that are able to teach complex issues are a promising tool, as this would allow faculty members to positively impact preservice teachers’ instructional skills and enable CAPs to be used to prepare preservice teachers to build meaningful relationship with their students and create a positive learning environment.
Fungal infections in children with haematologic malignancies and stem cell transplant recipients
Authors: Otto William R. , Green Abby M. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryChildren with haematologic malignancies and haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients are at high risk for invasive fungal diseases (IFD). There has been an increased number of at‐risk children over the past two decades due to improvements in cancer therapies resulting in improved survival of children with high‐risk and refractory malignancies. The predominant organisms that cause IFD include Candida spp., Aspergillus spp. and the Mucorales molds. Clinical presentations of IFD vary based on host immune status and the causative organism. Though serum biomarkers such as the galactomannan assay and beta‐D‐glucan assay have been validated in adults, there are limited data regarding their diagnostic value in children. Thus, the gold standard for IFD diagnosis remains tissue biopsy with histopathological and microbiological evaluation. Treatment of IFD is multimodal and involves antifungal drugs, correction of immune dysfunction and surgical resection when feasible. Paediatric practice regarding IFD is largely extrapolated from data generated in adult patients; in this review, we evaluate both primary paediatric studies and guidelines intended for adult patients that are applied to paediatric patients. There remain significant knowledge gaps with respect to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of IFD in immunocompromised children, and further research is needed to help guide management decisions.
Retrospective clinical evaluation of 2‐ to 6‐unit implant‐supported fixed partial dentures: Mean follow‐up of 9 years
Authors: Chrcanovic Bruno R. , Kisch Jenö , Larsson Christel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundImplant‐supported fixed partial dentures (ISFPDs) are one of the most common options to rehabilitate partially edentulous patients.PurposeTo assess the clinical outcomes of ISFPDs.MethodsThis retrospective study included all patients treated with ISFPDs with 2 to 6 prosthetic units at one specialist clinic. Implant/prosthesis failure and technical complications were the outcomes analyzed.ResultsSix hundred and forty‐two patients with 876 ISFPDs (2241 implants) were included, followed up for 108.0 ± 76.2 months. Eighty‐eight prostheses and 112 implants (26 before, 86 after prosthesis installation) failed. The estimated CSR of ISFPDs at 30 years was 72.7%. Smokers presented lower implant survival than nonsmokers. Two hundred and ninety‐nine ISFPDs (33.2%) presented technical complications. Bruxism was a factor to exert a higher risk of screw and implant fracture, and ceramic chipping. ISFPDs with cantilever presented higher risk of failure, and screw loosening/fracture. Prostheses supported by implants with internal abutment connection or with two pontics had higher risk of presenting ceramic chipping. Extension of the prosthesis did not seem to exert influence on prosthesis failure/complications.ConclusionsISFPDs presented good long‐term prognosis. Implant failure was the main reason for ISFPD failure. The results suggest that bruxism and the presence of cantilever may contribute to the increased rate of mechanical complications and prosthesis failure.
A novel methodology for the development of an optimal agricultural crop field using Internet of Things
Authors: Ramasamy Manikandan , Santhanam Prasanna , Muniyappan Ashwin , Lakshmanan Sathish Kumar , Pandiyan Sanjeevi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Internet of Things (IoT) plays a vital role in the entity sharing and minimizing the workload of the human beings in various aspects. Nowadays the term IoT is used in various fields such as health care, automobiles, industry, agriculture, and so on. Agriculture is the main source of food to whole world. There are various problems faced by the farmers in agriculture due to shortage and wastage of water and fertilizers. In this regard, an optimal IoT model has been developed and proposed to attain an effective crop field. The proposed IoT model will monitor, record temperature, and soil moisture values, which will be continuously analyzed to achieve optimal plant growth and yield. The motor will be connected to the IoT model which automatically switch on/off based on optimal threshold temperature and soil moisture content value. A novel irrigation algorithm named differential waterflow algorithm has been proposed and deployed in the proposed IoT model for the automatic usage of the motor in the field. The proposed IoT model provides a web interface to the user through the cloud storage, so that the farmer can control and monitor the system in remote. The proposed system will reduce the water consumption and will ensure the uniform water distribution to the crops through the Poisson distribution which results in increasing yield.
Social media trends in dermatology, dermatopathology, and pathology publications: The social construction of medical subdisciplines
Authors: Saleh Jasmine , Dahiya Madhu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAn increase in the number of publications on social media has paralleled the growth of social media use in the past decade. Our study examined the trends in these publications relating to the fields of dermatology, pathology, and dermatopathology.MethodsPubMed was searched for relevant literature from 2009 to present, using the following key terms: “social media”, “dermatology”, “dermatopathology”, and “pathology.” Topics of articles, years of publication, countries of origin, and contributing journals were compiled and analyzed.ResultsA total of 99 publications was retrieved during the period between January 2009 and November 2019. Top publication years included 2019 (n = 21), 2018 (n = 24), 2017 (n = 20), and 2016 (n = 13). The most common topic areas noted were related to dissemination of information (n = 17; 17.2%), knowledge exchange for physicians (n = 16; 16.2%), and social networking (n = 15; 15.2%).ConclusionThe number of published articles on social media in these specialties has increased since 2009, signifying the widespread use of social media for professional networking, knowledge exchange, real‐time communication with patients and colleagues, and patient care. Social media in the areas of dermatology, dermatopathology, and pathology has undergone social construction during the past decade because of changes in technology and ideologies surrounding the use of social media within medicine.
When slowing down processing helps learning: Lexico‐semantic structure supports retention, but interferes with disambiguation of novel object‐label mappings
Authors: Borovsky Arielle 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis project explores how children disambiguate and retain novel object‐label mappings in the face of semantic similarity. Burgeoning evidence suggests that semantic structure in the developing lexicon promotes word learning in ostensive contexts, whereas other findings indicate that semantic similarity interferes with and temporarily slows familiar word recognition. This project explores how these distinct processes interact when mapping and retaining labels for novel objects (i.e., low‐frequency objects that are unfamiliar to toddlers) via disambiguation from a semantically similar familiar referent in 24‐month‐olds (N = 65). Toddlers’ log‐adjusted looking to labeled target objects (relative to distractor objects) was measured in three conditions: Familiar trials (familiar label spoken while viewing semantically related familiar and novel objects), Disambiguation trials (unfamiliar label spoken while viewing semantically similar familiar and unfamiliar object), and Retention trials (unfamiliar label spoken while viewing novel object pairs). Toddlers’ individual vocabulary structure was then compared to performance on each condition. Vocabulary structure was measured at two levels: category‐level structure (semantic density) for experimental items, and lexicon‐level structure (global clustering coefficient). The findings suggest, consistent with prior results, that semantic density interfered with known word recognition, and facilitated unfamiliar word retention. Children did not show a significant novel word preference during disambiguation, and disambiguation behavior was not impacted by semantic structure. These findings connect seemingly disparate mechanisms of semantic interference in processing and semantic leveraging in word learning. Semantic interference momentarily slows word recognition and resolution of referential uncertainty for novel label‐object mappings. Nevertheless, this slowing might support retention by enabling comparison between related objects.
Commodities, merchants, and refugees: inter‐Asian circulations and Afghan mobility
Authors: MARSDEN MAGNUS 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article consists of an analysis of ethnographic material on Afghan trading networks involved in both the export of commodities from China to a variety of settings across Eurasia and the movement of ‘refugees’ from Afghanistan to Europe. Much recent work on trading networks has deployed the concept of trust to understand the functioning of such social formations. By contrast, in this article I assess the durability of Afghan networks in three ways. First, recognition of how they are polycentric and multi‐nodal. Second, how they are successful in transforming their collective aims and projects in changing shifting political and economic circumstances. Third, how they are made up of individuals able to switch their statuses and activities within trading networks over time. Furthermore, I argue that a focus on the precise ways in which traders entrust capital, people and commodities to one another, reveals the extent to which social and commercial relationships inside trading networks are frequently impermanent and pregnant with concerns about mistrust and contingency. Recognition of this suggests that scholars should focus on practices of entrustment rather than abstract notions of trust in their analyses of trading networks per se, as well as seek to understand the ways in which these practices enable actors to handle and address questions of contingency.
Evaluation of filling material remnants after basic preparation, apical enlargement and final irrigation in retreatment of severely curved root canals in extracted teeth
Authors: Bago I. , Plotino G. , Katić M. , Ročan M. , Batinić M. , Anić I. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimTo compare the retreatment ability of several rotary and reciprocating file systems in curved root canals of extracted teeth and to evaluate the influence of additional apical enlargement performed after a basic retreatment on the amount of remaining filling material.MethodologyA total of 65 round curved root canals were used. The root canals were prepared with the ProTaper Next rotary system to size 25, .06 taper and filled with an epoxy resin‐based sealer and gutta‐percha using continuous wave vertical compaction and warm injection back‐filling. The canals were randomly divided into four groups according to the retreatment system used: Group I. ProTaper Universal Retreatment system + ProTaper Gold (PTG) instrumentation system up to PTG F2; Group II. Reciproc Blue system up to the instrument RB25; Group III. Reciproc system up to the instrument R25; Group IV. Wave One Gold (WOG) system up to the instrument WOG25. After the basic retreatment, additional apical enlargement was performed in each group with an instrument that was one size larger: in Group I, II and III up to apical size 40, and in Group IV up to 35. The final irrigation protocol included the following: 15% ethylenediaminotetraacetic acid followed by NaOCl irrigation. The volume of filling material was measured using an industrial micro‐CT four times: after root canal filling (Volume I), after basic retreatment with size 25 files (Volume II), after additional root canal enlargement with larger instruments (Volume III), and after the final irrigation protocol (Volume IV). The decrease in the amount of filling material after each retreatment protocol was analysed using a Kruskal–Wallis test. Intergroup analyses were performed with a Kruskal–Wallis test and between‐group differences were further analysed with Mann–Whitney U test.ResultsThere were no significant differences amongst the systems tested in the amount of remaining filling material, or the reduction rates after each phase of the retreatment procedures (P > 0.05). Intragroup analysis indicated that the use of a larger final instrument removed significantly more filling material in all groups (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe four tested instrumentation systems were equally effective in removing filling materials from curved root canals in extracted teeth. Additional apical enlargement with larger files improved the removal of filling remnants after basic retreatment.
Creation of well‐balanced experimental groups for comparative endodontic laboratory studies: a new proposal based on micro‐CT and in silico methods
Authors: De‐Deus G. , Simões‐Carvalho M. , Belladonna F. G. , Versiani M. A. , Silva E. J. N. L. , Cavalcante D. M. , Souza E. M. , Johnsen G. F. , Haugen H. J. , Paciornik S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimTo introduce a new method to select anatomically matched teeth using micro‐computed tomographic (micro‐CT) technology.MethodologySingle‐rooted mandibular incisors with a single root canal (n = 60) were selected and distributed into three experimental groups according to the method used for matching 10 pairs of teeth in each group. In group 1, the pairs of mandibular incisors were randomly selected from a pool of teeth. In group 2, teeth were paired based on the measurement of canal width 5 mm from the root apex using radiographs taken from buccolingual and mesiodistal directions. In group 3, teeth were scanned (pixel size of 14.25 μm) and pair‐matched based on the anatomical aspects of the root canal, named aspect ratio (AR), volume and three‐dimensional canal geometry. After allocating the specimens into groups 1 and 2, the teeth were scanned and the canal morphology evaluated as in group 3. A bivariate Pearson’s regression analysis was performed correlating the individual AR values of each pair, and the correlation coefficient was used to estimate the strength of the pair‐matching process. One‐way anova post hoc Tukey’s tests were applied for pairwise comparisons at a significance level of 5%.ResultsThe micro‐CT revealed that 100% of the samples had strong (80%) or very strong (20%) correlations with respect to AR values. Analysis of the radiographic method revealed strong correlation in two pairs (20%), but most of the samples had weak (30%) or negligible (30%) correlation coefficients. The randomization method resulted in three pairs (30%) with very strong correlations, whilst 50% had weak or negligible rates. A significant difference in correlation coefficients was observed in the micro‐CT method compared to the other groups (P < 0.05), whilst no difference was detected between radiographic and randomized methods (P > 0.05). Eta‐squared (η2) calculations demonstrated a very high effect size in the micro‐CT group for selecting pairs (0.99) and lower effect sizes in the radiographic (0.67) and randomized (0.66) groups.ConclusionsUse of Micro‐CT was able to provide better control of the confounding effect that anatomical variances in tooth morphology may have on the results in experiments with matched‐pair design.
The Social Policy Indicators (SPIN) database
Authors: Nelson Kenneth , Fredriksson Daniel , Korpi Tomas , Korpi Walter , Palme Joakim , Sjöberg Ola 
Published: March 2020

The Social Policy Indicators (SPIN) database provides the foundations for new comparative and longitudinal research on the causes behind, and the consequences of, welfare states and social citizenship rights. The SPIN database is oriented towards analyses of institutions as manifested in social policy legislation. To date, SPIN covers 40 countries, of which several have data on core social policy programmes from 1930. There are currently six data modules in SPIN, covering different social policy areas. The following research note describes the theoretical and conceptual basis of the SPIN project, as well as the data it contains.
Harnessing the immune system via FcγR function in immune therapy: a pathway to next‐gen mAbs
Authors: Chenoweth Alicia M , Wines Bruce D , Anania Jessica C , Mark Hogarth P 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe human fragment crystallizable (Fc)γ receptor (R) interacts with antigen‐complexed immunoglobulin (Ig)G ligands to both activate and modulate a powerful network of inflammatory host‐protective effector functions that are key to the normal physiology of immune resistance to pathogens. More than 100 therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are approved or in late stage clinical trials, many of which harness the potent FcγR‐mediated effector systems to varying degrees. This is most evident for antibodies targeting cancer cells inducing antibody‐dependent killing or phagocytosis but is also true to some degree for the mAbs that neutralize or remove small macromolecules such as cytokines or other Igs. The use of mAb therapeutics has also revealed a “scaffolding” role for FcγR which, in different contexts, may either underpin the therapeutic mAb action such as immune agonism or trigger catastrophic adverse effects. The still unmet therapeutic need in many cancers, inflammatory diseases or emerging infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) requires increased effort on the development of improved and novel mAbs. A more mature appreciation of the immunobiology of individual FcγR function and the complexity of the relationships between FcγRs and antibodies is fueling efforts to develop more potent “next‐gen” therapeutic antibodies. Such development strategies now include focused glycan or protein engineering of the Fc to increase affinity and/or tailor specificity for selective engagement of individual activating FcγRs or the inhibitory FcγRIIb or alternatively, for the ablation of FcγR interaction altogether. This review touches on recent aspects of FcγR and IgG immunobiology and its relationship with the present and future actions of therapeutic mAbs.
Pleiotropic effects of vitamin D3on CD4+T lymphocytes mediated by human periodontal ligament cells and inflammatory environment
Authors: Behm Christian , Blufstein Alice , Gahn Johannes , Kubin Barbara , Moritz Andreas , Rausch‐Fan Xiaohui , Andrukhov Oleh 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsBoth, vitamin D3and human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) possess immunosuppressive properties, but their combined effect on immune cells has never been investigated. Here, we analysed the impact of vitamin D3on the immunosuppressive properties of hPDLCs towards CD4+T lymphocytes.Material and MethodsAllogenic CD4+T lymphocytes were activated by phytohemagglutinin either in monoculture or co‐culture with hPDLCs, in the presence or absence of IFN‐γ and 1,25(OH)2D3. After 5 days, CD4+T‐lymphocyte proliferation, CD4+CD25+FoxP3+regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) proportion and IL‐10, TGF‐β1 and IL‐17A production were analysed.ResultsIn monoculture, 1,25(OH)2D3suppressed CD4+T‐lymphocyte proliferation, increased the percentage of CD4+FoxP3+CD25+FoxP3+Tregsand enhanced IL‐10 and TGF‐β1 production. In the presence of IFN‐γ treated hPDLCs, 1,25(OH)2D3significantly increased CD4+T‐lymphocyte proliferation and decreased the percentage of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+Tregs. IL‐10 and IL‐17A expression was significantly diminished by 1,25(OH)2D3, whereas TGF‐β1 was slightly increased. The effects of 1,25(OH)2D3in co‐culture were reversed by inhibition of indoleamine‐2,3‐dioxygenase‐1, prostaglandin‐endoperoxide synthase and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1. 1,25(OH)2D3also suppressed the expression of these proteins in hPDLCs.ConclusionEffects of vitamin D3on CD4+T lymphocyte are modified by hPDLCs depending on the microenvironment.