bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimentation of digital multimedia forensics: State of the art and research gaps
Authors: OliveiraJr Edson , Zorzo Avelino F. , Neu Charles V. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDigital multimedia forensics (DMF) plays an outstanding role in digital forensics (DF) area as it encompasses solutions for promoting image, audio, and video evidence to be used in court. As every science, one straightforward way of evolving is conducting formal experiments and providing reliable and auditable evidence. Therefore, in this article, we systematically map and analyze how experiments in DMF have been conducted and whether data‐based evidence has been provided. This article presents a subset of results on DMF from a wider mapping study on DF experimentation. We then analyzed 49 experiments resulting from electronic and manual searches in widely known electronic databases and conferences/workshops on DF. We used them to answer six research questions. We demonstrated that DMF needs to improve the way experiments are reported, especially how data are shared to allow reproducibility and, consequently, evolution of the research topic. We show that experimental elements, for example, hypothesis, variables, design, instrumentation, validity evaluation, setup, training, data sets and benchmarks, statistical techniques (descriptive, hypothesis, and effect size test), and limitations, should be better reported. As a general result, we understand DMF formal experimentation needs to evolve toward providing useful, reliable, auditable, and reproducible experimental evidence as both academia and practitioners might straightforward benefit from such evolution.This article is categorized under:
Digital and Multimedia Science > Multimedia Forensics
Parental Perspectives on Children’s School Readiness: An Ethnographic Study
Authors: Jose Kim , Banks Susan , Hansen Emily , Jones Rachael , Zubrick Stephen R. , Stafford Joel , Taylor Catherine L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSchool readiness is a construct used by educators and policy makers to describe a range of abilities that are beneficial for children transitioning to school. The association of socioeconomic disadvantage with developmental vulnerability when children start school is well established. Parents play a crucial role in supporting children’s transition to school and are acknowledged as their child’s first and foremost teacher. The aim of this study was to explore how parents experience and support their children’s transition to school. This study presents findings from an ethnographic study with 39 parents living in two Australian communities characterised by high area-level socioeconomic disadvantage. The study reports on how parents experience and support their child for transition to school, specifically through their understanding of the concept of ‘readiness’. The role of early childhood services in supporting parents is also explored. Parents conceptualised school readiness as the child’s capacity to function effectively and independently in the hitherto unfamiliar physical and social world of school. Parents considered early childhood services supportive of their children's transition to school, particularly the development of social skills.
Dispositionality, categoricity, and where to find them
Authors: Azzano Lorenzo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDiscussions about dispositional and categorical properties have become commonplace in metaphysics. Unfortunately, dispositionality and categoricity are disputed notions: usual characterizations are piecemeal and not widely applicable, thus threatening to make agreements and disagreements on the matter merely verbal—and also making it arduous to map a logical space of positions about dispositional and categorical properties in which all parties can comfortably fit. This paper offers a prescription for this important difficulty, or at least an inkling thereof. This will be achieved by comparing pairs of positions and exploring their background metaphysics to discover where alleged agreements and disagreements concerning dispositionality and categoricity really lie; more specifically, the Pure Powers view (according to which properties are just dispositional) and the Powerful Qualities view (according to which properties are also categorical) will be under scrutiny. Over this background, the prescription functions by isolating a successful identity-based characterization of categoricity, while abandoning the correspondent identity-based characterization of dispositionality. On the contrary, according to this prescription a property is dispositional if and only if it is solely in virtue of possessing that property that its bearer is assigned a certain dispositional profile. A crucial consequence of this prescription is that, while supporters of the Pure Powers view often characterize their position as an essentialist one, the dispositionality of properties needn’t always be a matter of essence.
No significant association between stable iodine intake and thyroid dysfunction in children after the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster: an observational study
Authors: Nishikawa Y. , Suzuki C. , Takahashi Y. , Sawano T. , Kinoshita H. , Clero E. , Laurier D. , Phan G. , Nakayama T. , Tsubokura M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Stable iodine prophylaxis helps prevent childhood thyroid cancer in nuclear emergencies; however, there is limited information on its effect on thyroid function. This study aimed to examine thyroid function and autoimmunity among children and adolescents that took stable iodine after the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster.

Methods
For this observational study, data were obtained from children and adolescents that underwent thyroid cancer screening at Hirata Central Hospital from April 2012 to March 2018. Participant characteristics, including possible hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, were compared between the prophylaxis and no-prophylaxis groups. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess for possible hypothyroidism, autoantibodies positive, and hyperthyroidism.

Results
A total of 1,225 participants with stable iodine prophylaxis and 3,946 without prophylaxis were enrolled. Of those participants, blood samples were available for 144 and 1,201 participants in the prophylaxis and no-prophylaxis groups, respectively. There were 17 (11.8%) and 146 cases (12.2%) of possible hypothyroidism or autoantibodies positive cases in the prophylaxis and no-prophylaxis groups, respectively, and there were no cases and 3 cases (0.2%) of possible hyperthyroidism in those two groups, respectively. Multivariable analysis for possible hypothyroidism revealed no association between stable iodine intake and possible hypothyroidism or autoantibodies positive [odds ratio 0.716 (95% confidence interval 0.399–1.284)] (p = 0.262). We did not perform multivariable analysis for hyperthyroidism due to the limited number of cases.

Conclusion
Significant adverse effects of stable iodine intake on thyroid function were not observed among children and adolescents 7 years after the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster.
The EU Rule of Law Initiative Towards the Western Balkans
Authors: Hoxhaj Andi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe EU adopted a new enlargement strategy for the Western Balkans countries in 2018, provided a time frame for Serbia and Montenegro potentially to join the Union by 2025, and outlined the next steps for accession for Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, and North Macedonia. In March 2020, the EU gave the green light to the opening of accession talks with North Macedonia and Albania, and also introduced a new reformed ‘accession talks’ framework. The strengthening of the rule of law, fighting corruption and organised crime are the cornerstones of the EU-Western Balkans strategy of 2018 and the new accession talks framework of 2020. This article examines the latest enlargement policy developments in 2018–2020 by conceptualising how the EU promotes the rule of law in the Western Balkans thorough its new enlargement policy package. Furthermore, the article offers an in-depth analysis of the case of Albania, where the EU has experimented with some of its latest enlargement-policy ideas in regard to the rule of law. The article also offers some proposals and insights on how the EU rule of law initiative of 2018 can be improved, in order to become more transformative in strengthening the rule of law in countries of the Western Balkans.
A Tower of Tangled Histories: The Upper Silesia Tower in Poznań and the Making of an Unromantic Poland, 1911–1955
Authors: Babiracki Patryk 
Published: November 2020

Engaging with regional, international, and spatial histories, this article proposes a new reading of the twentieth-century Polish past by exploring the vicissitudes of a building known as the Upper Silesia Tower. Renowned German architect Hans Poelzig designed the Tower for the 1911 Ostdeutsche Ausstellung in Posen, an ethnically Polish city under Prussian rule. After Poland regained its independence following World War I, the pavilion, standing centrally on the grounds of Poznań’s International Trade Fair, became the fair's symbol, and over time, also evolved into visual shorthand for the city itself. I argue that the Tower's significance extends beyond Posen/Poznań, however. As an embodiment of the conflicts and contradictions of Polish-German historical entanglements, the building, in its changing forms, also concretized various efforts to redefine the dominant Polish national identity away from Romantic ideals toward values such as order, industriousness, and hard work. I also suggest that eventually, as a material structure harnessed into the service of socialism, the Tower, with its complicated past, also brings into relief questions about the regional dimensions of the clashes over the meaning of modernity during the Cold War.
Association of hyperuricemia and gamma glutamyl transferase as a marker of metabolic risk in alcohol use disorder
Authors: Hernández-Rubio Anna , Sanvisens Arantza , Bolao Ferran , Pérez-Mañá Clara , García-Marchena Nuria , Fernández-Prendes Carla , Muñoz Alvaro , Muga Roberto 
Published: November 2020

AbstractExcessive alcohol consumption leads to overproduction of urates and renal function plays a critical role in serum uric acid levels. We aimed to assess associations of hyperuricemia in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and comparable Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR). A total of 686 patients undergoing treatment for AUD between 2013 and 2017 were eligible (77% men); age at admission was 47 years [interquartile range (IQR), 40–53 years], age of onset of alcohol consumption was 16 years [IQR, 16–18 years] and the amount of alcohol consumed was 160 g/day [IQR, 120–240 g/day]. Body Mass Index was 24.7 kg/m2 [IQR, 21.9–28.4 kg/m2], eGFR was 105 mL/min/1.73 m2 [IQR, 95.7–113.0 mL], 9.7% had metabolic syndrome and 23% had advanced liver fibrosis (FIB-4 > 3.25). Prevalence of hyperuricemia was 12.5%. The eGFR-adjusted multivariate analysis showed that relative to patients with GGT ≤ 50, those with GGT between 51 and 300 U/L and those with GGT > 300 U/L were 4.31 (95% CI 1.62–11.46) and 10.3 (95% CI 3.50–29.90) times more likely to have hyperuricemia, respectively. Our data shows that hyperuricemia in the context of AUD is strongly associated with serum GGT levels and suggest an increased cardio-metabolic risk in this population.
Characterization of miR-200 family members as blood biomarkers for human and laying hen ovarian cancer
Authors: Choi Pui-Wah , Bahrampour Abbas , Ng Shu-Kay , Liu Sze Kei , Qiu Wei , Xie Fang , Kuo Winston Patrick , Kwong Joseph , Hales Karen H. , Hales Dale B. , Wong Kwong-Kwok , Norwitz Errol R. , Chow Chun Kin , Berkowitz Ross S. , Ng Shu-Wing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMicroRNA-200 (miR-200) family is highly expressed in ovarian cancer. We evaluated the levels of family members relative to the internal control miR-103a in ovarian cancer and control blood specimens collected from American and Hong Kong Chinese institutions, as well as from a laying hen spontaneous ovarian cancer model. The levels of miR-200a, miR-200b and miR-200c were significantly elevated in all human cancer versus all control blood samples. Further analyses showed significantly higher miR-200 levels in Chinese control (except miR-429) and cancer (except miR-200a and miR141) samples than their respective American counterparts. Subtype-specific analysis showed that miR-200b had an overall elevated level in serous cancer compared with controls, whereas miR-429 was significantly elevated in clear cell and endometrioid cancer versus controls. MiR-429 was also significantly elevated in cancer versus control in laying hen plasma samples, consistent with the fact that endometrioid tumor is the prevalent type in this species. A neural network model consisting of miR-200a/200b/429/141 showed an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.904 for American ovarian cancer prediction, whereas a model consisting of miR-200b/200c/429/141 showed an AUC value of 0.901 for Chinese women. Hence, miR-200 is informative as blood biomarkers for both human and laying hen ovarian cancer.
PERK participates in cardiac valve development via fatty acid oxidation and endocardial-mesenchymal transformation
Authors: Shimizu Takashi , Maruyama Kazuaki , Kawamura Takeshi , Urade Yoshihiro , Wada Youichiro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractProtein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) is one of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensors. PERK loss-of-function mutations are known to cause Wolcott–Rallison syndrome. This disease is characterized by early-onset diabetes mellitus, skeletal dysplasia, and cardiac valve malformation. To understand the role of PERK in valve formation in vivo, we used an endothelial-specific PERK conditional knockout mice as well as in vitro PERK inhibition assays. We used ProteoStat dyes to visualize the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endocardial cushion and valve mesenchymal cells (VMCs). Then, VMCs were isolated from E12.5 fetal mice, by fluorescence assisted cell sorting. Proteomic analysis of PERK-deleted VMCs identified the suppression of proteins related to fatty acid oxidation (FAO), especially carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT2). CPT2 is a critical regulator of endocardial-mesenchymal transformation (EndoMT); however how TGF-β downstream signaling controls CPT2 expression remains unclear. Here, we showed that PERK inhibition suppressed, not only EndoMT but also CPT2 protein expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under TGF-β1 stimulation. As a result, PERK inhibition suppressed mitochondrial metabolic activity. Taken together, these results demonstrate that PERK signaling is required for cardiac valve formation via FAO and EndoMT.
Investigation of CD26, a potential SARS-CoV-2 receptor, as a biomarker of age and pathology
Authors: Raha Animesh Alexander , Chakraborty Subhojit , Henderson James , Mukaetova-Ladinska Elizabeta , Zaman Shahid , Trowsdale John , Raha-Chowdhury Ruma 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjective: In some individuals, coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection leads to a variety of serious inflammatory symptoms, including blood clotting and acute respiratory distress. Death due to COVID-19 shows a steep rise in relation to age. Comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, and cardiovascular disease also increase susceptibility. It has been reported that T-cell regulatory dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4; cluster of differentiation 26 (CD26)) binds to the external spike (S) glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 as a receptor, for the viral entry into the host cell. CD26 is expressed on many cells, including T and natural killer (NK) cells of the immune system, as a membrane-anchored form. A soluble form (sCD26) is also found in the blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).Approach and results: To investigate a possible relationship between sCD26 levels, age and pathology, serum samples were collected from control, T2DM and age-related dementia (ARD) subjects. A significant reduction in serum sCD26 levels was seen in relation to age. ARD and T2DM were also associated with lower levels of sCD26. The analysis of blood smears revealed different cellular morphologies: in controls, CD26 was expressed around the neutrophil membrane, whereas in T2DM, excessive sCD26 was found around the mononucleated cells (MNCs). ARD subjects had abnormal fragmented platelets and haemolysis due to low levels of sCD26.Conclusions: These findings may help to explain the heterogeneity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. High serum sCD26 levels could protect from viral infection by competively inhibiting the virus binding to cellular CD26, whereas low sCD26 levels could increase the risk of infection. If so measuring serum sCD26 level may help to identify individuals at high risk for the COVID-19 infection.
Aquaporin-4- und Myelin-Oligodendrozyten-Glykoprotein-Antikörper-assoziierte Optikusneuritis: Diagnose und Therapie
Authors: Wildemann Brigitte , Horstmann Solveig , Korporal-Kuhnke Mirjam , Viehöver Andrea , Jarius Sven 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Optikusneuritis (ON) ist vielfach die erste Manifestation einer AQP4-Antikörper-vermittelten NMOSD (AQP4: Aquaporin-4, NMOSD: Neuromyelitis-optica-Spektrum-Erkrankung, Engl.: neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders) oder einer Myelin-Oligodendrozyten-Glykoprotein-Antikörper-assoziierten Enzephalomyelitis (MOG-EM; auch MOG antibody associated disorders, MOGAD). Für beide Erkrankungen wurden in den vergangenen Jahren internationale Diagnosekriterien und Empfehlungen zu Indikation und Methodik der serologischen Testung vorgelegt. Seit Kurzem liegen zudem Ergebnisse aus 4 großen, internationalen Phase-III-Studien zur Behandlung der NMOSD vor. Mit dem den Komplementfaktor C5 blockierenden monoklonalen Antikörper Eculizumab wurde 2019 erstmalig ein Medikament zur Langzeitbehandlung der NMOSD, die bislang vornehmlich Off-Label mit Rituximab, Azathioprin und anderen Immunsuppressiva erfolgt, auf dem europäischen Markt zugelassen. Für die erst vor wenigen Jahren
erstbeschriebene MOG-EM stehen inzwischen Daten aus mehreren retrospektiven Studien zur Verfügung, die eine Wirksamkeit von Rituximab und anderen Immunsuppressiva in der Schubprophylaxe auch in dieser Indikation nahelegen. Viele der zur Therapie der MS zugelassenen Medikamente sind entweder unwirksam oder können, wie z. B. Interferon-β, eine Verschlechterung des Krankheitsverlaufes bewirken. Beide Erkrankungen werden im Akutstadium mit hochdosierten Glukokortikoiden und Plasmapherese oder Immunadsorption behandelt. Diese Behandlung sollte möglichst rasch nach Symptombeginn eingeleitet werden. Insbesondere die MOG-EM ist durch eine oft ausgeprägte Steroidabhängigkeit gekennzeichnet, die ein langsames Ausschleichen der Steroidtherapie erfordert, und schließt viele Fälle der bislang meist als „idiopathisch“ klassifizierten „chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy“ (CRION) ein. Unbehandelt kann sowohl die NMOSD- als auch die MOG-EM-assoziierte ON zu schweren,
persistierenden und oft bilateralen Visuseinschränkungen bis hin zur Erblindung führen. Beide Erkrankungen verlaufen meist relapsierend. Neben den Sehnerven sind häufig das Myelon sowie der Hirnstamm und, vor allem bei NMO-Patienten, das Dienzephalon betroffen; supratentorielle Hirnläsionen im kranialen MRT sind, anders als früher gedacht, kein Ausschlusskriterium, sondern häufig. In der vorliegenden Arbeit geben wir einen Überblick über Klinik, Diagnostik und Therapie dieser beiden wichtigen Differenzialdiagnosen der MS-assoziierten und idiopathischen ON.
Plötzliche Belastungsdyspnoe bei einer jungen Frau – internistisch-gynäkologisches Grenzgebiet in der Notaufnahme
Authors: Mehl Lisa , Donner Johanna , Lock Guntram 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
Anamnese Eine 39-jährige Patientin wird wegen plötzlicher ausgeprägter Belastungsdyspnoe unter dem V. a. eine Lungenarterienembolie zugewiesen. Sie berichtet zudem über eine gerade abgeschlossene Kinderwunschbehandlung.
Untersuchungen und Diagnose Bei klinisch gutem Allgemeinzustand finden sich laborchemisch eine deutliche Erhöhung der D-Dimere und des hCGs, sonografisch ein ausgeprägter Aszites, ein großer rechtsseitiger Pleuraerguss sowie multizystische, deutlich vergrößerte Ovarien. In Zusammenschau mit der Anamnese wird die Diagnose eines ovariellen Hyperstimulationssyndroms (OHSS) gestellt. Diese Diagnose wird durch die Gynäkologen bestätigt und als Grad II–III (moderat bis schwer) klassifiziert.
Therapie und Verlauf Bis auf eine Thromboembolie-Prophylaxe mit Certoparin 3000 IE/d wird keine Therapie durchgeführt; die Erkrankung verläuft selbstlimitierend.
Schlussfolgerung Das OHSS ist primär ein gynäkologisches Krankheitsbild, dennoch können auch Internisten über die Leitsymptome Belastungsdyspnoe oder abdomineller Schmerz damit in Kontakt kommen. Früh erkannt sind die Symptome gut zu behandeln und schwere Verläufe können meist verhindert werden. In diesem Fall konnten Anamnese und Sonografie die initiale Verdachtsdiagnose einer Lungenarterienembolie widerlegen.
Off-label use of 0.4 % sodium hyaluronate teardrops: a safe and effective solution for submucosal injection in gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Arantes Vitor , Aliaga Ramos Josue , Abdul Rani Rafiz , Yoshida Naohisa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Submucosal (SM) injection is a critical step in endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). In Japan, use of viscous solutions such as sodium hyaluronate are recommended; the commercially product available is MucoUp (Seikagaku Co. and Boston Scientific Japan Co., Japan). Nevertheless, MucoUp is expensive and unavailable in many Western countries. For the past 8 years, we have been using low-cost sterile teardrops solution composed of 0.4 % sodium hyaluronate (Adaptis Fresh, Legrand Laboratory, Brazil). This solution is readily available in drugstores with a cost of approximately US$ 10.00 for each 10-cc bottle. The aim of this study was to present the clinical outcome with off-label sodium hyaluronate use for SM injection in gastric ESD.
Patients and methods A single-center retrospective study of collected data investigating consecutive patients that underwent gastric ESD between 2012 and 2019. ESD was performed using 0.4 % sodium hyaluronate teardrop for SM injection and Flush Knife BT 2.5 (Fujifilm Co., Japan). The following data were analyzed: clinical-pathological features, en-bloc, R0 and curative resection rate, procedure duration, adverse events, and clinical outcome.
Results ESD was performed with sodium hyaluronate for submucosal injection in 78 patients. The en-bloc resection rate and R0 resection rate were 96.1 % and 92.3 %, respectively. The curative resection rate for epithelial lesions was 83.8 %. Adverse events occurred in 5 cases (6.3 %): delayed bleeding (3.8 %, 3 cases) and perforation (2.5 %, 2 cases); all managed successfully by clipping and thermal coagulation. The mean volume of sodium hyaluronate solution used per patient was 10 cc (SD: ± 8 cc). During follow-up (mean: 17 months; SD: ± 14.5 months), two patients developed metachronous lesions (2.5 %).
Conclusions Off-label use of teardrops with 0.4 % sodium hyaluronate for submucosal injection was demonstrated to be safe and able to provide an effective submucosal cushion that facilitates SM dissection in gastric ESD procedures.