bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pooled analysis of primary hepatic angiosarcoma
Authors: Zeng Dong , Cheng Jianan , Gong Zhihua , Chen Jianghong , Long Haixia , Zhu Bo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Angiosarcoma is an aggressive and malignant neoplasm. Primary hepatic angiosarcoma is extremely rare and accounts for only approximately 5% of all angiosarcomas. Therefore, many doctors do not know enough about this disease; this lack of knowledge motivated us to perform this study.

Methods
We carried out a systematic review of the literature published worldwide from 1990 to 2019 to study the main characteristics, demographics, treatment and prognosis of primary hepatic angiosarcoma.

Result
A total of 219 patients were included in this study. Patients were mainly middle-aged and elderly at diagnosis, with an average age at onset of 56.7 years. The vast majority of patients (61.5%) presented with abdominal pain or distension. Of 143 patients with clear records of metastasis, 31.5% (45 patients) had distant metastasis. The median overall survival time was only 6 months, and the 1- and 2-year survival rates were 30.4 and 17.3%, respectively. Sex, age, tumor size and metastasis at diagnosis showed no correlation with survival rate. Hepatic rupture was a significant predictor of survival. Surgery is a major treatment choice, and adjuvant chemotherapy can improve the prognosis of patients. Hepatic artery embolization is mainly used in cases of tumor rupture. However, liver transplantation is not advised.

Conclusion
We presented an overview of the demographics, tumor characteristics and treatment outcomes of the largest number of primary hepatic angiosarcoma patients investigated to date. We highlight the use of routine physical examinations and surgery combined with adjuvant chemotherapy to improve the outcomes in these cases.
Plural Marking and d-Linking in Spanish Interrogatives
Authors: Maldonado Mora 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhat is the semantic import of number morphology? This question has been traditionally addressed by focusing on singular and plural noun phrases. The present work brings interrogative phrases into the picture. We analyse Spanish bare interrogative ‘quién’ and its plural counterpart ‘quiénes’. Unlike which-questions in both English and Spanish, the behaviour of quién- and quiénes-interrogatives cannot be easily explained by most accounts of semantic number. In contrast, we argue that the distribution of these interrogatives in Spanish can be well accounted for by assuming that the plural ‘quiénes’ triggers a strong plurality presupposition, and can only be used in d-linking contexts, whereas ‘quién’ carries no specific requirement, as far as its semantics is concerned. As a result, our proposal shows that current approaches to number marking need to be refined in order to account for cross-linguistic and within-language variation.
An aphid effector promotes barley susceptibility through suppression of defence gene expression
Authors: Escudero-Martinez Carmen , Rodriguez Patricia A , Liu Shan , Santos Pablo A , Stephens Jennifer , Bos Jorunn I B 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Aphids secrete diverse repertoires of effectors into their hosts to promote the infestation process. While ‘omics’ approaches facilitated the identification and comparison of effector repertoires from a number of aphid species, the functional characterization of these proteins has been limited to dicot (model) plants. The bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi is a pest of cereal crops, including barley. Here, we extend efforts to characterize aphid effectors with regard to their role in promoting susceptibility to the R. padi–barley interaction. We selected three R. padi effectors based on sequence similarity to previously characterized Myzus persicae effectors and assessed their subcellular localization, expression, and role in promoting plant susceptibility. Expression of R. padi effectors RpC002 and Rp1 in transgenic barley lines enhanced plant susceptibility to R. padi but not M. persicae, for which barley is a poor host. Characterization of Rp1 transgenic barley lines revealed reduced gene expression of plant hormone signalling genes relevant to plant–aphid interactions, indicating that this effector enhances susceptibility by suppressing plant defences in barley. Our data suggest that some aphid effectors specifically function when expressed in host species, and feature activities that benefit their corresponding aphid species.
Rule Following, Anxiety, and Authenticity
Authors: Egan David 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper argues that the problematic of rule following in Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations and Heidegger's analysis of anxiety in Being and Time have analogous structures. Working through these analogies helps our interpretation of both of these authors. Contrasting sceptical and anti-sceptical readings of Wittgenstein helps us to resolve an interpretive puzzle about what an authentic response to anxiety looks like for Heidegger. And considering the importance of anxiety to Heidegger's conception of authenticity allows us to locate in Wittgenstein's later philosophy a covert appeal to something resembling Heideggerian authenticity.
G279.0+1.1: a new extended source of high-energy gamma-rays
Authors: Araya M 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
G279.0+1.1 is a supernova remnant (SNR) with poorly known parameters, first detected as a dim radio source and classified as an evolved system. An analysis of data from the Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) revealing for the first time an extended source of gamma-rays in the region is presented. The diameter of the GeV region found is ${\sim} 2{^{\circ}_{.}}8$, larger than the latest estimate of the SNR size from radio data. The gamma-ray emission covers most of the known shell and extends further to the north and east of the bulk of the radio emission. The photon spectrum in the 0.5–500 GeV range can be described by a simple power law, $\frac{\mathrm{ d}N}{\mathrm{ d}E} \propto E^{-\Gamma }$, with a spectral index of Γ = 1.86 ± 0.03stat ± 0.06sys. In the leptonic scenario, a steep particle spectrum is required and a distance lower than the previously estimated value of 3 kpc is favoured. The possibility that the high-energy emission results from electrons that already escaped the SNR is also investigated. A hadronic scenario for the gamma-rays yields a particle spectral index of ∼2.0 and no significant constraints on the distance. The production of gamma-rays in old SNRs is discussed. More observations of this source are encouraged to probe the true extent of the shell and its age.
Force on a neutron quantized vortex pinned to proton fluxoids in the superfluid core of cold neutron stars
Authors: Sourie Aurélien , Chamel Nicolas 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
The superfluid and superconducting core of a cold rotating neutron star (NS) is expected to be threaded by a tremendous number of neutron quantized vortices and proton fluxoids. Their interactions are unavoidable and may have important astrophysical implications. In this paper, the various contributions to the force acting on a single vortex to which fluxoids are pinned are clarified. The general expression of the force is derived by applying the variational multifluid formalism developed by Carter and collaborators. Pinning to fluxoids leads to an additional Magnus type force due to proton circulation around the vortex. Pinning in the core of an NS may thus have a dramatic impact on the vortex dynamics, and therefore on the magnetorotational evolution of the star.
A systematic study of proto-neutron star convection in three-dimensional core-collapse supernova simulations
Authors: Nagakura Hiroki , Burrows Adam , Radice David , Vartanyan David 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
This paper presents the first systematic study of proto-neutron star (PNS) convection in three dimensions (3D) based on our latest numerical fornax models of core-collapse supernova (CCSN). We confirm that PNS convection commonly occurs, and then quantify the basic physical characteristics of the convection. By virtue of the large number of long-term models, the diversity of PNS convective behaviour emerges. We find that the vigour of PNS convection is not correlated with CCSN dynamics at large radii, but rather with the mass of PNS − heavier masses are associated with stronger PNS convection. We find that PNS convection boosts the luminosities of νμ, ντ, $\bar{\nu }_{\mu }$, and $\bar{\nu }_{\tau }$ neutrinos, while the impact on other species is complex due to a competition of factors. Finally, we assess the consequent impact on CCSN dynamics and the potential for PNS convection to generate pulsar magnetic fields.
Cartoon Images on E-juice Labels: A Descriptive Analysis
Authors: Seitz Christopher M , Orsini Muhsin Michael , Jung Grace , Butler Kate 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Although previous studies have found cartoons in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) advertisements, social media posts, and a small sample of labels, there has yet to be an analysis of cartoons located on the labels attached to bottles of e-juice (the solution that contains nicotine and other chemicals). As such, the objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence and types of cartoons on e-juice labels.

Methods
Two researchers independently analyzed the presence and types of cartoons on the labels of e-juice flavors available on eliquid.com. Based on the Master Settlement Agreement’s definition of a cartoon, the cartoons were placed into five categories: (1) comically exaggerated people, (2) comically exaggerated animals, (3) comically exaggerated creatures, (4) anthropomorphic creatures, or (5) extra-human creatures.

Results
There was a total of 1587 brands that offered 7135 e-juice products. Of those, 311 brands (19%) offered 1359 products (19%) that contained cartoons on the e-juice labels. From the labels that contained cartoons, 790 (58%) were of comically exaggerated people, 247 (18%) were of anthropomorphic creatures, 212 (16%) were of comically exaggerated animals, 73 (5%) were of comically exaggerated creatures, and 37 (3%) were of extra-human creatures

Conclusions
Given the previous success of Joe Camel on youth tobacco use, the prevalence of cartoon images found in this study is noteworthy. In addition, the number of brands that had cartoons on e-juice labels indicates that this issue is pervasive among businesses that sell e-juice.

Implications
This study adds to the body of knowledge on this topic by describing a concerning number of cartoons located on e-juice labels, indicating a need for policy that prohibits the use of cartoon images in e-cigarette packaging.
Risk Factors for Neuropathic Pain in Middle-Aged and Elderly People: A Five-Year Longitudinal Cohort in the Yakumo Study
Authors: Imagama Shiro , Ando Kei , Kobayashi Kazuyoshi , Nakashima Hiroaki , Seki Taisuke , Hamada Takashi , Machino Masaaki , Ota Kyotaro , Tanaka Satoshi , Morozumi Masayoshi , Kanbara Shunsuke , Ito Sadayuki , Ishiguro Naoki , Hasegawa Yukiharu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objective
To determine the risk factors for new neuropathic pain (NeP) after five years in healthy middle-aged and elderly volunteers.

Design
Prospective longitudinal cohort study (Yakumo study).

Setting
Clinical evaluation in a health checkup.

Subjects
A total of 366 people (male N = 146, female N = 220, average age = 63.5 years) who did not have NeP in 2013 were examined.

Methods
NeP was diagnosed based on a painDETECT questionnaire score ≥13. Body mass index (BMI), comorbidity, low back pain (LBP), sciatica, physical ability, grip and back muscle strength, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, frailty, spinal alignment, and quality of life (QOL) with the SF36 in 2013 were compared between NeP(+) and NeP(-) subjects in 2018 using multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results
The NeP(+) rate in 2018 was 5.2%, with no significant differences in age and gender. NeP(+) subjects had significantly lower BMI, severe sciatica, poor gait ability, higher rates of osteoporosis and sarcopenia, greater lumbar kyphosis and spinal inclination, and poorer mental health in 2013. Poor gait ability (odds ratio [OR] = 8.05), low BMI (OR = 2.31), lumbar kyphosis (OR = 1.38), low percentage of the young adult mean (OR = 1.15), and low mental QOL (OR = 1.06) were identified as significant and independent risk factors for new NeP after five years.

Conclusions
This longitudinal cohort study identified five independent risk factors for development of new NeP after five years, with related factors of spinal inclination, sarcopenia, and sciatica. New NeP may be prevented by intervention or treatment of these factors at an early stage in relatively healthy middle-aged and elderly people.
An approach to constrain models of accreting neutron stars with the use of an equation of state
Authors: Dohi Akira , Hashimoto Masa-aki , Yamada Rio , Matsuo Yasuhide , Fujimoto Masayuki Y 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We investigate X-ray bursts during the thermal evolution of an accreting neutron star that corresponds to the X-ray burster GS 1826$-$24. Physical quantities of the neutron star are included using an equation of state below and above the nuclear matter density. We adopt an equation of state and construct an approximate network that saves computational time and calculates nuclear energy generation rates accompanying the abundance evolutions. The mass and radius of the neutron star are found by solving the stellar evolution equations from the center to the surface; this involves necessary information such as the nuclear energy generation in accreting layers, heating from the crust, and neutrino emissions inside the stellar core. We reproduce the light curve and recurrence time of the X-ray burst from GS 1826$-$24 within the standard deviation of 1$\sigma$ for the assumed accretion rate, metallicity, and equation of state. It is concluded that the observed recurrence time is consistent with the theoretical model with metallicity of the initial CNO elements $Z_{\rm CNO} = 0.01$. We suggest that the nuclear reaction rates responsible for the $rp$-process should be examined in detail, because the rates may change the shape of the light curve and our conclusion.
A novel formulation of the primordial black hole mass function
Authors: Suyama Teruaki , Yokoyama Shuichiro 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Computations of the primordial black hole (PBH) mass function discussed in the literature have conceptual issues. They stem from the fact that the mass function is a differential quantity and the standard criterion of the PBH formation from the seed primordial fluctuations cannot be directly applied to the computation of the differential quantities. We propose a new criterion of the PBH formation, which is the addition of one extra condition to the existing one. By doing this, we derive a formal expression of the PBH mass function without introducing any ambiguous interpretations that exist in the previous studies. Once the underlying primordial fluctuations are specified, the PBH mass function can be in principle determined by the new formula. As a demonstration of our formulation, we compute the PBH mass function analytically for the case where the perturbations are Gaussian and the space is 1 dimension.
Integrating Motivational Interviewing in Pain Neuroscience Education for People With Chronic Pain: A Practical Guide for Clinicians
Authors: Nijs Jo , Wijma Amarins J , Willaert Ward , Huysmans Eva , Mintken Paul , Smeets Rob , Goossens Mariëlle , van Wilgen C Paul , Van Bogaert Wouter , Louw Adriaan , Cleland Josh , Donaldson Megan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Pain neuroscience education (PNE) and motivational interviewing (MI) have been widely implemented and tested in the field of chronic pain management, and both strategies have been shown to be effective in the short term (small effect sizes) for the management of chronic pain. PNE uses contemporary pain science to educate patients about the biopsychosocial nature of the chronicity of their pain experience. The goal of PNE is to optimize patients’ pain beliefs/perceptions to facilitate the acquisition of adaptive pain–coping strategies. MI, on the other hand, is a patient-centered communication style for eliciting and enhancing motivation for behavior change by shifting the patient away from a state of indecision or uncertainty. Conceptually, PNE and MI appear to be complementary interventions, with complementary rather than overlapping effects; MI primarily improves cognitive and behavioral awareness and, potentially, adherence to treatment principles, whereas PNE potentially increases pain knowledge/beliefs, awareness, and willingness to explore psychological factors that are potentially associated with pain. Therefore, combining PNE with MI might lead to improved outcomes with larger and longer-lasting effect sizes. The combined use of PNE and MI in patients having chronic pain is introduced here, along with a description of how clinicians might be able to integrate PNE and MI in the treatment of patients experiencing chronic pain. Clinical trials are needed to examine whether combining PNE with MI is superior to PNE or MI alone for improving pain and quality of life in patients having chronic pain.
The reliability of immunoassays to detect autoantibodies in patients with myositis is dependent on autoantibody specificity
Authors: Tansley Sarah L , Li Danyang , Betteridge Zoe E , McHugh Neil J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objectives
In order to address the reliability of commercial assays to identify myositis-specific and -associated autoantibodies, we aimed to compare the results of two commercial immunoassays with the results obtained by protein immunoprecipitation.

Methods
Autoantibody status was determined using radio-labelled protein immunoprecipitation for patients referred to our laboratory for myositis autoantibody characterization. For each autoantibody of interest, the sera from 25 different patients were analysed by line blot (Euroline Myositis Antigen Profile 4, EuroImmun, Lübeck, Germany) and dot blot (D-Tek BlueDiver, Diagnostic Technology, Belrose, NSW, Australia). Sera from 134 adult healthy controls were analysed.

Results
Overall commercial assays performed reasonably well, with high agreement (Cohen’s κ &gt;0.8). Notable exceptions were the detection of rarer anti-synthetases with κ &lt; 0.2 and detection of anti-TIF1γ, where κ was 0.70 for the line blot and 0.31 for dot blot. Further analysis suggested that the proportion of patients with anti-TIF1γ may recognize a conformational epitope, limiting the ability of blotting-based assays that utilize denatured antigen to detect this clinically important autoantibody. A false-positive result occurred in 13.7% of samples analysed by line blot and 12.1% analysed by dot blot.

Conclusion
The assays analysed do not perform well for all myositis-specific and -associated autoantibodies and overall false positives are relatively common. It is crucial that clinicians are aware of the limitations of the methods used by their local laboratory. Results must be interpreted within the clinical context and immunoprecipitation should still be considered in selected cases, such as apparently autoantibody-negative patients where anti-synthetase syndrome is suspected.
Habitual physical activity patterns in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults
Authors: Malone Susan K , Patterson Freda , Grunin Laura , Melkus Gail D , Riegel Barbara , Punjabi Naresh , Yu Gary , Urbanek Jacek , Crainiceanu Ciprian , Pack Allan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Physical inactivity is a leading determinant of noncommunicable diseases. Yet, many adults remain physically inactive. Physical activity guidelines do not account for the multidimensionality of physical activity, such as the type or variety of physical activity behaviors. This study identified patterns of physical activity across multiple dimensions (e.g., frequency, duration, and variety) using a nationally representative sample of adults. Sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors, and clinical characteristics associated with each physical activity pattern were defined. Multivariate finite mixture modeling was used to identify patterns of physical activity among 2003–2004 and 2005–2006 adult National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants. Chi-square tests were used to identify sociodemographic differences within each physical activity cluster and test associations between the physical activity clusters with health behaviors and clinical characteristics. Five clusters of physical activity patterns were identified: (a) low frequency, short duration (n = 730, 13%); (b) low frequency, long duration (n = 392, 7%); (c) daily frequency, short duration (n = 3,011, 55%); (d) daily frequency, long duration (n = 373, 7%); and (e) high frequency, average duration (n = 964, 18%). Walking was the most common form of activity; highly active adults engaged in more varied types of activity. High-activity clusters were comprised of a greater proportion of younger, White, nonsmoking adult men reporting moderate alcohol use without mobility problems or chronic health conditions. Active females engaged in frequent short bouts of activity. Data-driven approaches are useful for identifying clusters of physical activity that encompass multiple dimensions of activity. These activity clusters vary across sociodemographic and clinical subgroups.
The role of atopy in asthma development and persistence
Authors: Di Cicco Maria , D’Elios Sofia , Peroni Diego G. , Comberiati Pasquale 
Published: January 2020

Purpose of review
Asthma is the most common chronic disease in pediatric age. Childhood-onset asthma, as opposed to adult-onset asthma, is typically characterized by a personal and often a family history of atopy and related markers of type 2-mediated inflammation. However, the interplay between atopy and asthma development is more complex than a linear dose–response relationship.

Recent findings
Family and personal history of atopic diseases have been confirmed as major risk factors for asthma occurrence and persistence in children. Early life and multiple sensitizations to aeroallergens significantly increase the risk of asthma development in school age. Early life lower respiratory tract viral infections, especially caused by rhinovirus, also increase the susceptibility to atopic asthma in childhood. Human rhinovirus type C receptor CDHR3 polymorphisms have been shown to affect receptor epithelial expression, activation, and asthma development and exacerbation severity in children. Atopic sensitization and respiratory viral infections can synergistically enhance the susceptibility to asthma through multiple mechanisms, including the IgE-mediated inhibition of innate antiviral responses to rhinovirus. Emerging evidence shows that several nonatopic factors are also involved in the asthma pathogenesis in genetically predisposed individuals, including early life exposure to environmental factors, and lung and gut microbiome composition.

Summary
The current review outlines recent data on the complex role of atopy in asthma pathogenesis and persistence, and addresses new research topics such as the role of epigenetics and the lung microbiome.