bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flight Performance of Mamestra brassicae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Under Different Biotic and Abiotic Conditions
Authors: Guo Jiang-Long , Li Xiao-Kang , Shen Xiu-Jing , Wang Meng-Lun , Wu Kong-Ming 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMamestra brassicae L. is an important, regionally migratory pest of vegetable crops in Europe and Asia. Its migratory activity contributes significantly to population outbreaks, causing severe crop yield losses. Because an in-depth understanding of flight performance is key to revealing migratory patterns, here we used a computer-linked flight mill and stroboscope to study the flight ability and wingbeat frequency (WBF) of M. brassicae in relation to sex, age, temperature, and relative humidity (RH). The results showed that age significantly affected the flight ability and WBF of M. brassicae, and 3-d-old individuals performed the strongest performance (total flight distance: 45.6 ± 2.5 km; total flight duration: 9.3 ± 0.3 h; WBF: 44.0 ± 0.5 Hz at 24°C and 75% RH). The age for optimal flight was considered to be 2–3 d old. Temperature and RH also significantly affected flight ability and WBF; flight was optimal from 23°C to 25°C and 64–75% RH. Because M. brassicae thus has great potential to undertake long-distance migration, better knowledge of its flight behavior and migration will help establish a pest forecasting and early-warning system.
Giraffe males have longer suckling bouts than females
Authors: Gloneková Markéta , Brandlová Karolína , Pluháček Jan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In polygynous mammals, females are expected to bias maternal investment in favor of male calves. The mother should invest more in males to enhance their reproductive success in adulthood, or the males require greater investment as they are bigger and stronger than females. In this study, we used nursing duration to compare the difference in the amount of maternal investment provided by females. We compared differences according to sex of the offspring and the influence of calves’ identification by sniffing, using captive giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis) as a model. Since a high intensity of allonursing (nursing of a nonfilial calf) was reported in giraffes, we also focused on the difference between filial and nonfilial calves. We observed 22 nursing females and 47 suckling calves in four zoological gardens in the Czech Republic from 2007 to 2011. Nursing duration was longer for male calves than for female calves and for calves sniffed by the nursing female regardless whether the calves were filial or nonfilial. We conclude that male calves are more demanding for the amount of investment received and they are more successful in this effort than female calves. Since females provided investment in the same way to filial and nonfilial calves, selection for higher demand for investment by male than by female offspring should be important for their future development. Our results also demonstrate the importance of sniffing for the identification of the suckling calf by the female.
Severe Platelet Transfusion Refractoriness in Association with Antibodies Against CD36
Authors: Schmidt Amy E , Sahai Tanmay , Refaai Majed A , Sullivan Mia , Curtis Brian R 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPlatelet-transfusion refractoriness (PTR) is common in patients with hematological malignancies. The etiology of immune PTR is typically human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies (Abs) from pregnancy or previous transfusion. Herein, we report PTR in the setting of induction chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) from Abs against CD36/glycoprotein (GP)IV. A 66-year-old African American woman presented with anemia and thrombocytopenia. She was found to have transfusion-dependent AML, and a 7 + 3 regimen (7 days of standard-dose cytarabine and 3 days of an anthracycline antibiotic or an anthracenedione, most often daunorubicin) was initiated. The patient developed profound thrombocytopenia, with platelet nadir of 0 by day 13. The results of HLA antibody screening were negative. However, the results of a screening test for platelet-specific antibodies screen showed Abs against cluster of differentiation (CD)36. The platelets of the patient lacked expression of CD36, and DNA analysis showed mutations in the CD36 gene. HLA Ab–mediated PTR is common in patients with hematological malignancies. However, once HLA Abs are excluded, other less-frequent Abs should be considered, particularly in patient populations of Asian, African, or Middle Eastern descent.
Functional Movement Screen (FMS™) Scores and Demographics of US Army Pre-Ranger Candidates
Authors: Davis Joel D , Orr Robin , Knapik Joseph J , Harris Danny 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe United States Army Rangers are a unique population whose training requirements are intensive, and physically and mentally demanding. The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is a movement screening tool designed to assess movement quality and asymmetries in movement with the potential to identify injury risk. This study was a descriptive, cross-sectional investigation examining associations between FMS scores and the various measures of health and performance of active duty soldiers in light infantry units who were involved in the U.S. Army Pre-Ranger Course (PRC).Materials and MethodsBefore the PRC, 491 male soldiers (mean age = 24.0 ± 3.8 years; mean height = 176.6 ± 7.2 cm; mean body mass = 80.2 ± 9.8 kg) completed a questionnaire which included items on self-assessed physical fitness, last Army physical fitness test (APFT) score, tobacco use, and injury history. The soldiers then completed the FMS, which consisted of seven movements and three clearing tests. From the FMS results, a determination of asymmetries (i.e., differences in FMS scores between the right and left side of the body) was made. Differences between groups were analyzed via an independent sample t-test, a one-way analysis of variance, or a chi-square as appropriate. Significance was set at 0.05 a priori.ResultsThe average composite FMS score was 16.4 (±1.9) points. Soldiers reporting ≥290 APFT points achieved a higher FMS score than those reporting lower APFT scores (16.5 ± 2.0 vs 16.1 ± 2.0 points, P = 0.03). Soldiers reporting either tobacco use or a previous musculoskeletal injury had lower FMS scores than those not reporting these (tobacco: 16.1 ± 2.1 vs 16.5 ± 1.8 points, P = 0.02; injury: 16.0 ± 2.2 vs 16.6 ± 1.8 points, P &lt; 0.01). FMS asymmetries were not related to APFT scores, tobacco use, or self-rated fitness. As self-rated fitness increased so did APFT scores.ConclusionsActive duty soldiers of a light infantry division achieved FMS scores similar to other military populations tested, and the composite FMS score was related to higher APFT scores, absence of tobacco use, and absence of previous musculoskeletal injuries. Improving PRC candidate healthy habits through highlighting the negative associations between poorer fitness, cigarette tobacco use and movement quality, may reduce injury risk and increase PRC completion potential.
M51 ULX-7: superorbital periodicity and constraints on the neutron star magnetic field
Authors: Vasilopoulos G , Lander S K , Koliopanos F , Bailyn C D 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
In this work, we explore the applicability of standard theoretical models of accretion to the observed properties of M51 ULX-7. The spin-up rate and observed X-ray luminosity are evidence of a neutron star with a surface magnetic field of 2–7 × 1013 G, rotating near equilibrium. Analysis of the X-ray light curve of the system (Swift/XRT data) reveals the presence of a ∼39 d superorbital period. We argue that the superorbital periodicity is due to disc precession, and that material is accreted on to the neutron star at a constant rate throughout it. Moreover, by attributing this modulation to the free precession of the neutron star we estimate a surface magnetic field strength of 3–4 × 1013 G. The agreement of these two independent estimates provide strong constraints on the surface polar magnetic field strength of the NS.
The impact of the observed baryon distribution in haloes on the total matter power spectrum
Authors: Debackere Stijn N B , Schaye Joop , Hoekstra Henk 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTThe interpretation of upcoming weak gravitational lensing surveys depends critically on our understanding of the matter power spectrum on scales $k \lt 10\, {h\, {\rm Mpc}^{-1}}$, where baryonic processes are important. We study the impact of galaxy formation processes on the matter power spectrum using a halo model that treats the stars and gas separately from the dark matter distribution. We use empirical constraints from X-ray observations (hot gas) and halo occupation distribution modelling (stars) for the baryons. Since X-ray observations cannot generally measure the hot gas content outside r500c, we vary the gas density profiles beyond this radius. Compared with dark matter only models, we find a total power suppression of $1\, {\mathrm{per\ cent}}$ ($5\, {\mathrm{per\ cent}}$) on scales $0.2\!-\!1\, {h\, {\rm Mpc}^{-1}}$ ($0.5\!-\!2\, {h\, {\rm Mpc}^{-1}}$), where lower baryon fractions result in stronger suppression. We show that groups of galaxies ($10^{13} \lt m_{\mathrm{500c}} / (h^{-1}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }) \lt 10^{14}$) dominate the total power at all scales $k \lesssim 10\, {h\, {\rm Mpc}^{-1}}$. We find that a halo mass bias of $30\, {\mathrm{per\ cent}}$ (similar to what is expected from the hydrostatic equilibrium assumption) results in an underestimation of the power suppression of up to $4\, {\mathrm{per\ cent}}$ at $k=1\, {h\, {\rm Mpc}^{-1}}$, illustrating the importance of measuring accurate halo masses. Contrary to work based on hydrodynamical simulations, our conclusion that baryonic effects can no longer be neglected is not subject to uncertainties associated with our poor understanding of feedback processes. Observationally, probing the outskirts of groups and clusters will provide the tightest constraints on the power suppression for $k \lesssim 1\, {h\, {\rm Mpc}^{-1}}$.
Subhalo destruction in the Apostle and Auriga simulations
Authors: Richings Jack , Frenk Carlos , Jenkins Adrian , Robertson Andrew , Fattahi Azadeh , Grand Robert J J , Navarro Julio , Pakmor Rüdiger , Gomez Facundo A , Marinacci Federico , Oman Kyle A 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
N-body simulations make unambiguous predictions for the abundance of substructures within dark matter haloes. However, the inclusion of baryons in the simulations changes the picture because processes associated with the presence of a large galaxy in the halo can destroy subhaloes and substantially alter the mass function and velocity distribution of subhaloes. We compare the effect of galaxy formation on subhalo populations in two state-of-the-art sets of hydrodynamical Λcold dark matter (ΛCDM) simulations of Milky Way mass haloes, Apostle and Auriga. We introduce a new method for tracking the orbits of subhaloes between simulation snapshots that gives accurate results down to a few kiloparsecs from the centre of the halo. Relative to a dark matter-only simulation, the abundance of subhaloes in Apostle is reduced by 50 per cent near the centre and by 10 per cent within r200. In Auriga, the corresponding numbers are 80 per cent and 40 per cent. The velocity distributions of subhaloes are also affected by the presence of the galaxy, much more so in Auriga than in Apostle. The differences on subhalo properties in the two simulations can be traced back to the mass of the central galaxies, which in Auriga are typically twice as massive as those in Apostle. We show that some of the results from previous studies are inaccurate due to systematic errors in the modelling of subhalo orbits near the centre of haloes.
Estimation of the jet inclination angle for the TDE Swift J1644+57
Authors: Chakraborty Sudip , Bhattacharyya Sudip , Chakraborty Chandrachur , Rao A R 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
An estimate of the jet inclination angle relative to the accreting black hole’s spin can be useful to probe the jet triggering mechanism and the disc–jet coupling. A tidal disruption event (TDE) of a star by a supermassive spinning black hole provides an excellent astrophysical laboratory to study the jet direction through the possibility of jet precession. In this work, we report a new method to constrain the jet inclination angle β and apply it to the well-sampled jetted TDE Swift J1644+57. This method involves X-ray data analysis and comparisons of jet models with broad properties of the observed X-ray dips, to estimate the upper limit of the extent of the contribution of a plausible jet precession to these X-ray dips. From this limit, we find that β is very likely to be less than ∼15° for Swift J1644+57. Such a well-constrained jet inclination angle could be useful to probe the jet physics. The main advantage of our method is that it does not need to assume an origin of the observed X-ray dips, and the conclusion does not depend on any particular type of jet precession (e.g. the one due to the Lense–Thirring effect) or any specific value of precession frequency or any particular jet model. These make this method reliable and applicable to other jetted TDEs, as well as to other jetted accreting systems.
A geometric probe of cosmology – I. Gravitational lensing time delays and quasar reverberation mapping
Authors: Ng Angela L H , Lewis Geraint F 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
We present a novel, purely geometric probe of cosmology based on measurements of differential time delays between images of strongly lensed quasars due to finite source effects. Our approach is solely dependent on cosmology via a ratio of angular diameter distances, the image separation, and the source size. It thereby entirely avoids the challenges of lens modelling that conventionally limit time delay cosmography, and instead entails the lensed reverberation mapping of the quasar broad-line region. We demonstrate that differential time delays are measurable with short-cadence spectroscopic monitoring of lensed quasars, through the timing of kinematically identified features within the broad emission lines. This provides a geometric determination of an angular diameter distance ratio complementary to standard probes, and as a result is a potentially powerful new method of constraining cosmology.
Evaluating washing and sifting methods for sampling gastropods in freshwater vegetation samples
Authors: Hobbs Christopher S , Harvey Christopher D 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEuropean freshwater habitats are experiencing degradation and fragmentation, and this is causing population declines and range reductions in associated gastropod species. Accurate and time-efficient sampling methods are required for effective monitoring of such species, including Segmentina nitida, a priority species in the UK Biodiversity Action Plan. The diminutive size of S. nitida (adult shell width: 5–7 mm) and other small gastropods often makes them difficult to find among the vegetation in field samples. Here, we compare two sampling methods for gastropods from freshwater habitats with dense vegetation: a sift method where vegetation in a sample is examined by hand, and a wash method, where vegetation is washed in water that is then examined for gastropods. When sift and wash methods were compared for a single sample, there was no difference in the number of species detected with the two methods in all but 1 of 48 assessed samples. However, combining two wash steps and a sifting step yielded significantly more snail individuals and more S. nitida individuals. Though species richness as expressed by Menhinick’s index was significantly higher for the wash method compared to the sift method, index values for the two methods had a significant linear relationship. Splitting samples to assess each half with either wash or sift method indicated no significant difference in the number of species or number of individuals found with the two methods. The likelihood of detecting S. nitida in a sample and the number of S. nitida found was significantly higher for the wash method, and the wash method was significantly more time-efficient, saving c. 5 min per sample. We conclude that washing vegetation from freshwater samples without sifting through the vegetation by hand has the potential to accelerate surveys for freshwater gastropods and can increase the likelihood of detecting species of interest, especially S. nitida, without significantly affecting data accuracy. Further testing in various freshwater habitat conditions would allow wider use of this method in malacological and invertebrate studies.
Adapted formaldehyde gradient cross-linking protocol implicates human eIF3d and eIF3c, k and l subunits in the 43S and 48S pre-initiation complex assembly, respectively
Authors: Herrmannová Anna , Prilepskaja Terezie , Wagner Susan , Šikrová Darina , Zeman Jakub , Poncová Kristýna , Valášek Leoš Shivaya 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
One of the key roles of the 12-subunit eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3) is to promote the formation of the 43S and 48S pre-initiation complexes (PICs). However, particular contributions of its individual subunits to these two critical initiation reactions remained obscure. Here, we adapted formaldehyde gradient cross-linking protocol to translation studies and investigated the efficiency of the 43S and 48S PIC assembly in knockdowns of individual subunits of human eIF3 known to produce various partial subcomplexes. We revealed that eIF3d constitutes an important intermolecular bridge between eIF3 and the 40S subunit as its elimination from the eIF3 holocomplex severely compromised the 43S PIC assembly. Similarly, subunits eIF3a, c and e were found to represent an important binding force driving eIF3 binding to the 40S subunit. In addition, we demonstrated that eIF3c, and eIF3k and l subunits alter the efficiency of mRNA recruitment to 43S PICs in an opposite manner. Whereas the eIF3c knockdown reduces it, downregulation of eIF3k or eIF3l increases mRNA recruitment, suggesting that the latter subunits possess a regulatory potential. Altogether this study provides new insights into the role of human eIF3 in the initial assembly steps of the translational machinery.
Dynamics of the nucleosomal histone H3 N-terminal tail revealed by high precision single-molecule FRET
Authors: Lehmann Kathrin , Felekyan Suren , Kühnemuth Ralf , Dimura Mykola , Tóth Katalin , Seidel Claus A M , Langowski Jörg 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Chromatin compaction and gene accessibility are orchestrated by assembly and disassembly of nucleosomes. Although the disassembly process was widely studied, little is known about the structure and dynamics of the disordered histone tails, which play a pivotal role for nucleosome integrity. This is a gap filling experimental FRET study from the perspective of the histone H3 N-terminal tail (H3NtT) of reconstituted mononucleosomes. By systematic variation of the labeling positions we monitored the motions of the H3NtT relative to the dyad axis and linker DNA. Single-molecule FRET unveiled that H3NtTs do not diffuse freely but follow the DNA motions with multiple interaction modes with certain permitted dynamic transitions in the μs to ms time range. We also demonstrate that the H3NtT can allosterically sense charge-modifying mutations within the histone core (helix α3 of histone H2A (R81E/R88E)) resulting in increased dynamic transitions and lower rate constants. Those results complement our earlier model on the NaCl induced nucleosome disassembly as changes in H3NtT configurations coincide with two major steps: unwrapping of one linker DNA and weakening of the internal DNA - histone interactions on the other side. This emphasizes the contribution of the H3NtT to the fine-tuned equilibrium between overall nucleosome stability and DNA accessibility.
A Bayesian Spatiotemporal Analysis of Pediatric Group A Streptococcal Infections
Authors: Wang Angela , Fine Andrew M , Buchanan Erin , Janko Mark , Nigrovic Lise E , Lantos Paul M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Pharyngitis due to group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a common pediatric infection. Physicians might diagnose GAS pharyngitis more accurately when given biosurveillance information about GAS activity. The availability of geographic GAS testing data may be able to assist with real-time clinical decision-making for children with throat infections.

Methods
GAS rapid antigen testing data were obtained from the records of 6086 children at Boston Children’s Hospital and 8648 children at Duke University Medical Center. Records included children tested in outpatient, primary care settings. We constructed Bayesian generalized additive models, in which the outcome variable was the binary result of GAS testing, and predictor variables included smoothed functions of patient location data and both cyclic and longitudinal time data.

Results
We observed a small degree of geographic heterogeneity, but no convincing clusters of high risk. The probability of a positive test declined during the summer months.

Conclusions
Future work should include geographic data about school catchments to identify whether GAS transmission clusters within schools.
The impact of long-term biologics/target therapy on bone mineral density in rheumatoid arthritis: a propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Chen Jia-Feng , Hsu Chung-Yuan , Yu Shan-Fu , Ko Chi-Hua , Chiu Wen-Chan , Lai Han-Ming , Chen Ying-Chou , Su Yu-Jih , Cheng Tien-Tsai 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate changes in BMD in RA patients receiving 3-year biological/targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARD) or conventional synthetic DMARD (csDMARD).

Methods
Patients with RA were recruited from September 2014 until March 2019. Clinical characteristics, BMD and evidence of fragility fractures at enrolment were documented. Participants were treated according to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines over a 3-year observation period. Repeated BMD was measured at the end of the study period. Participants were grouped into those receiving b/tsDMARD or csDMARD and by propensity score matching (1:2).

Results
A total of 388 participants completed the 3-year follow-up. After propensity score matching, 92 and 184 participants were allocated to the b/tsDMARD (Group I) and csDMARD (Group II), respectively. After 3 years, BMD remained stable at the femoral neck (FN), hip (total) (TH) and lumbar vertebra (L1-4) (P =0.09, 0.15, 0.87) in Group I. However, BMD decreased significantly in Group II (P=0.045, &lt;0.001, 0.004) at corresponding sites. Participants receiving combined b/tsDMARD and anti-osteoporosis therapy experienced a greater BMD preserving effect than other subgroups.

Conclusion
Long-term b/tsDMARDs therapy had protective effects on bone loss for patients with RA. Patients receiving concomitant anti-osteoporosis therapy and b/tsDMARDs therapy experienced the greatest BMD preserving effect.