bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-host dispersal of known and novel carnivore amdoparvoviruses
Authors: Canuti Marta , McDonald Emily , Graham Stephanie M , Rodrigues Bruce , Bouchard Émilie , Neville Richard , Pitcher Mac , Whitney Hugh G , Marshall H Dawn , Lang Andrew S 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAmdoparvoviruses (family Parvoviridae) are ssDNA viruses that cause an immune complex-mediated wasting syndrome in carnivores. They are multi-host pathogens and cross-species infection is facilitated by the fact that viral entry is mediated by cellular Fc receptors recognizing antibody-coated viruses. We developed a pan-amdoparvovirus PCR and screened tissue samples from 666 wild carnivores (families Felidae, Canidae, and Mustelidae) from Newfoundland or Labrador (Canada) and molecularly characterized the identified strains. Fifty-four out of 666 (8.1%) animals were amdoparvovirus-positive. Infection rate was the highest in American mink (34/47, 72.3%), followed by foxes (Arctic and red foxes, 13/311, 4.2%), lynx (2/58, 3.5%), and American martens (5/156, 3.4%). No virus was detected in samples from 87 coyotes and 17 ermines. Viruses from Newfoundland were classified as Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV). Mink harvested near AMDV-affected fur farms had higher prevalence (24/24, 100%) than other mink (10/23, 43.5%; P &lt; 0.001) and their viruses were phylogenetically closely related to those from farms, while most viruses from other mink were in other clades. Strains from three foxes and two lynx were highly related to mink strains. This proves that farms disperse AMDV that subsequently spreads among wild mink (maintenance host) and transmits to other spillover carnivore hosts. In Labrador two novel viruses were identified, Labrador amdoparvovirus 1 (LaAV-1) found in foxes (9/261, 3.5%) and martens (5/156, 3.4%), and LaAV-2 found in one fox (0.4%). LaAV-1 fulfills all requirements to be classified as a novel species. LaAV-1 was most similar to viruses of mink and skunks (AMDV and skunk amdoparvovirus (SKAV)) while LaAV-2 was more closely related to other viruses infecting canids. LaAV-1 capsid proteins were almost indistinguishable from those of AMDV in some regions, suggesting that LaAV-1 could be a virus of mustelids that can infect foxes. While intensive farming practices provide occasions for inter-species transmission in farms, niche overlap or predation could explain cross-species transmission in the wild, but competition among sympatric species reduces the chances of direct contacts, making this an infrequent event. Pan-amdoparvovirus detection methods in wide epidemiological investigations can play a crucial role in defining amdoparvoviral ecology and evolution and discovering novel viruses.
Guiding Principles for the Conduct of Observational Critical Care Research for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemics and Beyond: The Society of Critical Care Medicine Discovery Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study Registry
Authors: Walkey Allan J. , Sheldrick R. Christopher , Kashyap Rahul , Kumar Vishakha K. , Boman Karen , Bolesta Scott , Zampieri Fernando G. , Bansal Vikas , Harhay Michael O. , Gajic Ognjen 
Published: September 2020

Objectives:
Use of observational data to inform the response and care of patients during a pandemic faces unique challenges.

Design:
The Society of Critical Care Medicine Discovery Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study COVID 2019 Registry Core data and research methodology team convened over virtual meetings throughout March to June 2020 to determine best practice goals for development of a pandemic disease registry to support rapid data collection and analysis.

Setting:
International, multi-center registry of hospitalized patients.

Patients:
None.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Large-scale observational data collection requires: 1) quality assurance and harmonization across many sites; 2) a transparent process for selecting from among many potential research questions; 3) the use of best practices in design of descriptive, predictive, and inferential studies; (4) innovative approaches to characterize random error in the setting of constantly updated data; (5) rapid peer-review and reporting; and (6) transitions from a focus on discovery to implementation. Herein, we describe the guiding principles to best practices and suggestions for innovations to study design and reporting within the coronavirus disease 2019 Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study pandemic registry.

Conclusions:
Society of Critical Care Medicine Discovery Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study coronavirus disease 2019 registry sought to develop and implement prespecified best practices combined with grassroots efforts from clinical sites worldwide in order to develop clinically useful knowledge in response to a pandemic.
PREOPERATIVE ANATOMICAL FEATURES ASSOCIATED WITH IMPROVED SURGICAL OUTCOMES FOR STAGE 5 RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY
Authors: Ozsaygili Cemal , Ozdek Sengul , Ozmen Mehmet C. , Atalay Hatice T. , Yeter Duygu Y. 
Published: September 2020

Purpose:
To describe preoperative anatomical features of Stage 5 retinopathy of prematurity with results of surgery and patient-related and surgery-related factors affecting postoperative success.

Methods:
Forty eyes of 33 infants who underwent vitrectomy with lensectomy or lens-sparing vitrectomy for Stage 5 retinopathy of prematurity were enrolled. Stage 5 cases were divided into different groups according to their preoperative anatomical features as follows: A: for eyes with ophthalmoscopically observable total retinal detachment; B: for eyes with total leucocoria associated with funnel retinal detachment; and C: for eyes with very shallow anterior chamber and corneal opacity. Only A and B eyes underwent surgery. The effect of the presence of vascular dilation and tortuosity, preoperative treatment status, surgically induced posterior hyaloid detachment, and sparing the lens on anatomical and functional results was evaluated.

Results:
Thirty-five percentage of the eyes were in Group A and 65% were in Group B. The mean follow-up was 30.6 months (12–68). Anatomical success was 55.5% for Group A and 15.4% for Group B (P: 0.047), and functional success was 33.3% for Group A and 7.7% for Group B at the third year (P: 0.125). The presence of vascular dilation and tortuosity and postoperative vitreous hemorrhage were found to have negative effects; preoperative treatment and surgical induction of posterior hyaloid detachment were found to have positive effects on anatomical and functional results.

Conclusion:
Surgery for ophthalmoscopically observable retinopathy of prematurity–associated retinal detachment resulted in better anatomical and functional outcomes, and the results are even better in eyes with preoperative treatment, lens-sparing vitrectomy, and surgically induced posterior hyaloid detachment.
Helicobacter pylori Infection of the Gastric Mucosa and Ocular Adnexa—Lack of Association With Ocular Adnexal Lymphoma
Authors: Kalin-Hajdu Evan , Bernier-Turmel Félix , Frost Éric , Labbé Annie-Claude , Couture Simon , Wong Jamie , Boulos Patrick R , Codère François , Hardy Isabelle 
Published: September 2020

Purpose:

Helicobacter pylori could theoretically induce ocular adnexal lymphoma (OAL) via 2 mechanisms: the first is that of infection within the ocular adnexa and the second is that of infection within the gastric mucosa, leading to the malignant transformation of lymphocytes that migrate to the ocular adnexa, forming a primary “ectopic” cancer. This study investigated if an association exists between gastric H. pylori or ocular adnexal H. pylori and OAL.

Methods:
Prospective case-control study including cases with OAL and controls with nonlymphomatous pathologies. Gastric H. pylori infection was assessed via serologic antibody testing. Ocular adnexal infection was assessed via polymerase chain reaction testing for H. pylori and Chlamydia psittaci within ocular adnexal samples.

Results:
Seventy-two patients were enrolled, of whom 18 had lymphoma and 54 nonlymphomatous pathologies. H. pylori antibodies were present in 5 cases (28%) and 18 controls (33%) (95% CI, 0.24%–2.50%, p = 0.78). All ocular adnexal specimens were negative for H. pylori and C. psittaci infection. The only relevant statistically significant difference between cases and controls was a history of gastric ulcer (95% CI, 1.23%–44.80%, p = 0.03).

Conclusions:
In the study’s population, infection of gastric mucosa with H. pylori does not appear to influence the development of OAL. Also, H. pylori or C. psittaci infection within the ocular adnexa does not appear to influence the development of OAL. In the study’s practice, authors do not recommend antibiotic administration or routine gastroscopy for patients with OAL. The authors do recommend referral of OAL patients with gastric symptoms to a gastroenterologist.
Femtosecond laser–assisted big bubble for deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty
Authors: Gogri Pratik Y. , Bore Millicent C. , Rips Aaron G.T. , Reddy Jagadesh C. , Rostov Audrey T. , Vaddavalli Pravin K. 
Published: September 2020

Purpose:
To assess the utility of a femtosecond laser–assisted stromal channel to assist the creation of a big bubble (BB) for deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) surgery in cadaveric corneas.

Setting:
L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.

Design:
Experimental study.

Methods:
An attempt to create a BB was made on 10 donor pairs of human cadaveric corneoscleral tissues. The 20 corneas were split into 2 groups: Group A underwent femtosecond laser pretreatment and Group B had conventional manual deep lamellar technique. Laser pretreatment was performed using the VisuMax femtosecond laser system to create a stromal channel using the intracorneal ring segment treatment module for direct insertion of the 27-gauge air cannula for pneumodissection at a predetermined depth.

Results:
Of the 20 corneas studied, type 1 BB was achieved in 9 of 10 corneas in Group A and in 7 of 10 corneas in Group B. One cornea from Group A had a combined type 1 and 2 BB, whereas no BB was achieved in 1 cornea.

Conclusions:
Creation of an intrastromal channel using a femtosecond laser at a predetermined depth seemed to be a promising option to increase the chances of achieving a BB when compared with the conventional air injection technique of BB DALK.
Cutaneous Manifestations of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Cabling Marven Gerel 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic autoimmune inflammatory arthritis with various extra-articular manifestations. In this first series examining the cutaneous manifestation of rheumatic diseases, we will discuss the most common dermatologic findings in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Cutaneous lesions are the most common extra-articular findings. Rheumatoid nodules, accelerated rheumatoid nodulosis, and rheumatoid vasculitis are found especially in those with long-standing rheumatoid-factor-positive disease. Several neutrophilic dermatoses such as pyoderma gangrenosum, rheumatoid neutrophilic dermatoses, and Sweet's syndrome are also seen in association with rheumatoid arthritis. Patients may also present with various cutaneous adverse effects related to their arthritis therapy. It is important to recognize these dermatologic manifestations to better understand the underlying disease process, thus optimizing therapy and patient care.
A Half-Century of Evidence-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Historical Review
Authors: Shephard Roy J. 
Published: September 2020

Objective:
To review the achievements of cardiac exercise rehabilitation programs retrospectively and to identify continuing challenges to their success.

Methods:
A review of files accumulated while working with the Toronto Rehabilitation Center, updated by articles identified by PUB-MED, OVID, and Google Scholar through February 2019.

Results:
After the early lead of Israeli physicians, cardiac rehabilitation began in Ontario during the 1960s and quickly attracted a large case load. Recurrence rates of the patients recruited were low relative to those receiving standard medical treatment, even after allowing for differences in risk factors at entry to programs. Controlled trials began but were individually of insufficient in size to show a significant reduction in recurrences or mortality. Subsequently, multiple meta-analyses demonstrated a 20% to 25% reduction of all-cause and cardiac mortality over the first few years of follow-up in patients who persisted with their rehabilitation. Compliance continued a problem at many centers, but special features of the Toronto cardiac rehabilitation program sustained a compliance of 82.8% over 3 years. Although vigorous exercise increased the immediate risks of a recurrence 5- to 10-fold, this was more than offset by the long-term benefits of enhanced physical condition, and cardiac deaths were a rarity during either supervised or home-based exercise sessions. About a half of patients developed a depression immediately after infarction, but if encouraged to persist with prescribed exercise, their quality of life progressively improved. Among the wide variety of mechanisms underlying the benefits of exercise, gains of aerobic power seemed particularly important. With sustained training, the physical condition of some younger patients progressed to the point of participating successfully in marathon events. Older patients also benefited from sustained training, but for them, optimal results were likely associated with less rigorous physical demands.

Conclusions:
Research conducted in Toronto and elsewhere has established the benefits of exercise-centered cardiac rehabilitation. However, there remains a need to define the optimum timing of program onset, and the frequency, intensity, and duration of supervised training sessions. Return to blue-collar occupations also needs to be boosted, and the limited participation of eligible patients in available programs remains a continuing challenge.
Clinician Knowledge of Societal Guidelines on Management of Gastrointestinal Complications in Esophageal Atresia
Authors: O’Donnell Jonathan E.M. , Purcell Michael , Mousa Hayat , Dall’Oglio Luigi , Rosen Rachel , Faure Christophe , Gottrand Frédéric , Krishnan Usha 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of this study was to assess whether clinicians approached the management of children with esophageal atresia (EA) in accordance with the 2016 European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN)/North American Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) guidelines on the management of gastrointestinal and nutritional complications in this cohort.Methods:We invited expert physicians and surgeons closely involved in the care of children with EA (members of the International network on esophageal atresia [INoEA], ESPGHAN EA working group, French national EA registry, European pediatric surgical association (EUPSA), and European rare disease reference network [ERNICA]) to participate in an anonymous online survey containing 15 multiple choice questions concerning the management of gastrointestinal and nutritional complications in children with EA. Questions were based on the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) dysphagia, cyanotic spells, feeding and nutrition, anastamotic strictures, and transition to adult care as detailed in the 2016 guidelines.Results:Median concordance with ESPGHAN/NASPHAN EA Guidelines was 69% (16–100%, SD 16%) across all responders. Areas of greatest concordance were in the fields of surveillance endoscopy and medical management of GERD. Areas for potential educational opportunities include: the differential diagnosis and appropriate investigation of dysphagia and the diagnostic evaluation of extraesophageal symptoms.Conclusions:This survey highlights the importance of improving the understanding and adherence to the EA guidelines amongst clinicians involved in the care of these patients.
Corneal Health during Three Months of Scleral Lens Wear
Authors: Tse Vivien , Zhou Yixiu , Truong Tan , Lin Kristina , Tan Bo , Lin Meng C. 
Published: September 2020

SIGNIFICANCE
This study evaluated the effects scleral lens wear has on corneal health using fluorometry and in vivo confocal microscopy. No subclinical changes on healthy corneas of young subjects were observed during 3 months of scleral lens wear.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to evaluate the effects 3 months of scleral lens wear has on the corneal epithelial barrier function, dendritic cell density, and nerve fiber morphology.

METHODS
Twenty-seven neophytes (mean [standard deviation] age, 21.4 [3.9] years) wore scleral lenses of a fluorosilicone acrylate material bilaterally (97 Dk, 15.6 to 16.0-mm diameter) for 3 months without overnight wear. Subjects were randomized to use either Addipak (n = 12) or PuriLens Plus (n = 15) during lens insertion. Measurements of corneal epithelial permeability to fluorescein were performed with automated scanning fluorophotometer (Fluorotron Master; Ocumetrics, Mountain View, CA) on the central cornea of the right eye and the temporal corneal periphery of the left eye. Images of the distributions of corneal nerve fibers and dendritic cells and nerve fibers were captured in vivo with a confocal laser scanning microscope (Heidelberg Retina Tomograph, Rostock Cornea Module; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) on the central and inferior peripheral cornea of the left eye. Corneal measurements and imaging were performed at baseline and after 1 and 3 months of lens wear.

RESULTS
The corneal permeability values in natural log, dendritic cell densities, and nerve fiber morphology did not significantly change from baseline to 1 and 3 months of lens wear, for both central and peripheral corneal regions (P > .05). Dendritic cell density at the inferior cornea was higher than the central cornea throughout the study (P < .001). No relationships were observed between each outcome measurements and the saline solution groups (P > .05).

CONCLUSIONS
Scleral lens wear for 3 months on healthy cornea of young subjects did not affect corneal epithelial barrier function, nerve fiber, and dendritic cell densities. Buffered and nonbuffered saline solutions impacted the corneal health in similar ways.
Criticality: A New Concept of Severity of Illness for Hospitalized Children
Authors: Rivera Eduardo A. Trujillo , Patel Anita K. , Chamberlain James M. , Workman T. Elizabeth , Heneghan Julia A. , Redd Douglas , Morizono Hiroki , Kim Dongkyu , Bost James E. , Pollack Murray M. 
Published: September 2020

Objectives:
To validate the conceptual framework of “criticality,” a new pediatric inpatient severity measure based on physiology, therapy, and therapeutic intensity calibrated to care intensity, operationalized as ICU care.

Design:
Deep neural network analysis of a pediatric cohort from the Health Facts (Cerner Corporation, Kansas City, MO) national database.

Setting:
Hospitals with pediatric routine inpatient and ICU care.

Patients:
Children cared for in the ICU (n = 20,014) and in routine care units without an ICU admission (n = 20,130) from 2009 to 2016. All patients had laboratory, vital sign, and medication data.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
A calibrated, deep neural network used physiology (laboratory tests and vital signs), therapy (medications), and therapeutic intensity (number of physiology tests and medications) to model care intensity, operationalized as ICU (versus routine) care every 6 hours of a patient’s hospital course. The probability of ICU care is termed the Criticality Index. First, the model demonstrated excellent separation of criticality distributions from a severity hierarchy of five patient groups: routine care, routine care for those who also received ICU care, transition from routine to ICU care, ICU care, and high-intensity ICU care. Second, model performance assessed with statistical metrics was excellent with an area under the curve for the receiver operating characteristic of 0.95 for 327,189 6-hour time periods, excellent calibration, sensitivity of 0.817, specificity of 0.892, accuracy of 0.866, and precision of 0.799. Third, the performance in individual patients with greater than one care designation indicated as 88.03% (95% CI, 87.72–88.34) of the Criticality Indices in the more intensive locations was higher than the less intense locations.

Conclusions:
The Criticality Index is a quantification of severity of illness for hospitalized children using physiology, therapy, and care intensity. This new conceptual model is applicable to clinical investigations and predicting future care needs.
Severity Trajectories of Pediatric Inpatients Using the Criticality Index
Authors: Rivera Eduardo A. Trujillo , Patel Anita K. , Zeng-Treitler Qing , Chamberlain James M. , Bost James E. , Heneghan Julia A. , Morizono Hiroki , Pollack Murray M. 
Published: September 2020

Objectives:
To assess severity of illness trajectories described by the Criticality Index for survivors and deaths in five patient groups defined by the sequence of patient care in ICU and routine patient care locations.

Design:
The Criticality Index developed using a calibrated, deep neural network, measures severity of illness using physiology, therapies, and therapeutic intensity. Criticality Index values in sequential 6-hour time periods described severity trajectories.

Setting:
Hospitals with pediatric inpatient and ICU care.

Patients:
Pediatric patients never cared for in an ICU (n = 20,091), patients only cared for in the ICU (n = 2,096) and patients cared for in both ICU and non-ICU care locations (n = 17,023) from 2009 to 2016 Health Facts database (Cerner Corporation, Kansas City, MO).

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Criticality Index values were consistent with clinical experience. The median (25–75th percentile) ICU Criticality Index values (0.878 [0.696–0.966]) were more than 80-fold higher than the non-ICU values (0.010 [0.002–0.099]). Non-ICU Criticality Index values for patients transferred to the ICU were 40-fold higher than those never transferred to the ICU (0.164 vs 0.004). The median for ICU deaths was higher than ICU survivors (0.983 vs 0.875) (p < 0.001). The severity trajectories for the five groups met expectations based on clinical experience. Survivors had increasing Criticality Index values in non-ICU locations prior to ICU admission, decreasing Criticality Index values in the ICU, and decreasing Criticality Index values until hospital discharge. Deaths had higher Criticality Index values than survivors, steeper increases prior to the ICU, and worsening values in the ICU. Deaths had a variable course, especially those who died in non-ICU care locations, consistent with deaths associated with both active therapies and withdrawals/limitations of care.

Conclusions:
Severity trajectories measured by the Criticality Index showed strong validity, reflecting the expected clinical course for five diverse patient groups.