bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of open-air defecation in rural Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Vasudevan Swarnapriya , Nallasamy Srinivasan , Loganathan Arjun 
Published: January 2020

Background: Open defecation refers to the practice whereby people go out in fields, bushes, forests, open bodies of water, or other open spaces rather than using toilet to defecate. This practice contributes to the emergence of infectious diseases which forms a threat to health of people. This study attempts to find the prevalence of open-air defecation (OAD) and to explore factors influencing the practice.Methods: The present study was a community based cross-sectional study taken up in the C. Manampadi village covering 153 households. A semi structured questionnaire along with the Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) questionnaire was used to collect data.Results: Our study results show that 35.3% of the households had no toilet facility in their houses and were practicing open air defecation. There was a significant association between open air defection and variables like literacy level of head of the family, community and water adequacy.Conclusions: This study highlights that the study population practices OAD not due to economic in sufficiency but due to social constraints.
Usefulness of serology in diagnosis of different clinical presentations of ocular toxoplasmosis
Authors: Krishnankutty Saritha V. , Philip Reni , Narayani Vijayamma 
Published: January 2020

Background: Large proportions of acquired cases of ocular toxoplasmosis are reported with atypical presentations. The objectives of the study were to find out whether any correlation existed between serological findings of typical and atypical presentations of ocular toxoplasmosis as compared to cases presenting with non-toxoplasmic uveitis and to find out the proportion of various atypical presentations of ocular toxoplasmosis.Methods: It was a prospective observational study.The study subjects of ocular toxoplasmosis were tested for immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) toxoplasma antibody levels in serum by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) technique. The proportion of atypical presentation among total toxoplasma cases and distribution of atypical cases were calculated. Fisher’s exact test, one-way analysis of variance and Kruskal-wallis test were used as applicable.Results: Among the cases (n=35) thirteen patients had typical presentation of a retinochoroidal focus with an adjacent scar and 22 patients had atypical features. Control group consisted of 24 patients. Various types of presentations in atypical cases were retinitis patch without an adjacent scar (31.8%), intermediate uveitis (27.3%), papillitis (22.7%) retinal vasculitis and dense vitritis (9.09% each). Mean IgG levels in typical cases (85.3±82.9 IU/ml) and atypical cases (47.5±66.2) were significantly higher than control group (6.6±3.4, p<0.001).Conclusions: Serology is a useful tool in the diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis with a compatible clinical picture as serum IgG levels are significantly elevated in both typical and atypical presentations of ocular toxoplasmosis as compared to cases presenting with non-toxoplasmic uveitis.
Occupational and social hazards among domestic solid waste collectors: a cross sectional study
Authors: Patil Tanvi , Raje Swati S. 
Published: January 2020

Background: Domestic solid waste collectors play important role in maintain hygiene of a community, especially in developing countries. Yet not many efforts are done to identify their health needs. The main objective of this study is to identify the morbidity pattern and social problems of solid waste collectors in urban Maharashtra.Methods: It was a cross sectional study. Study population consisted of domestic solid waste collectors who are registered under municipal corporation. Sampling was purposive. All the domestic solid waste collectors who came for specially arranged health check-up were included in the sample. Social and demographic information along with clinical history was collected using a structured questionnaire. General physical exam, eye checkup, skin examination and lab investigations were done in a specially organized camp, after obtaining prior consent of the participants. Data was analyzed using SPSS 19 software.Results: More than 90% of 98 solid waste collectors, who participated in the study had frequent cough, fever and diarrhea. Over 85% had back or/and leg pain. More than half of the study population had dryness of skin and 47% of them complained of itching. 15 solid waste collectors were discriminated in marriages.Conclusions: High prevalence of common frequent symptoms such as fever, cough and diarrhea can be controlled by conducting regular health checkups for this community. The need is to reach them rather than waiting for them to come to health facility. Sensitization of community towards importance of work done by the solid waste collectors is also required.
Anemia among 6 - 59 months children in a rural area of Bareilly district: a cross sectional study
Authors: Gupta Dharmendra , Mishra Saurabh , Singh Meenakshi , Sharma Sanjeev , Agarwal Ajay , Mittal Sneha 
Published: January 2020

Background: Anemia is a global health problem affecting mostly in developing countries. Iron deficiency anemia is a significant health problem and especially in developing countries. It’s the most neglected micronutrient deficiency disorder among under-five children. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence and determinants of anemia among under-five children and to suggest suitable remediable measures to prevent and control of anemia.Method: This is a cross-sectional study. Household survey carried out in twelve villages in a rural practice area Dhaura, Bareilly. A total of 396 children were contacted for obtaining blood samples by taking 33 children from each village. Blood samples were taken from all children between the 6th month to 59 months of age using simple random sampling. After the collection, data will be analyzed using the SPSS software version 20.Result: A total of 47.5% of the children were found to have anemia. Among them 25.5% had mild, 63.3% had moderate and 11.2% had severe anemia. The majority of them were male 269 (67.9%). The mean age of participating children was 17.351±7.785 months. 48.2% of anemic children were low birth weight.Conclusion: High prevalence could be due to deficiency in iron nutrition among under-five children associated with poor food availability, due to lack of nutritional education and other sociodemographic conditions, child’s age and worse household conditions also contributed to the prevalence of anemia.
Mistagogia egzystencjalna Karla Rahnera a przepowiadanie słowa Bożego
Authors: Hajduk Ryszard 
Published: January 2020

Kościół katolicki po Soborze Watykańskim II coraz więcej uwagi przywiązuje do mistagogii, do czego w znacznej mierze przyczynił się Karl Rahner. Wzywa on do jej praktykowania w duszpasterstwie ze względu na konieczność zmiany sposobu przekazu wiary, która będzie zanikać, jeśli ludzie nie zostaną wprowadzeni w bezpośrednie, osobiste doświadczenie Boga. Dlatego Kościół w swej działalności pastoralnej nie może się ograniczyć do wykładu doktryny chrześcijańskiej, lecz winien wskazywać ludziom drogi prowadzące do życia w zjednoczeniu z Bogiem i towarzyszyć im w osiąganiu pełni człowieczeństwa. Również głoszenie słowa Bożego ma mieć charakter mistagogiczny, czyli odsłaniać ślady obecności Boga w ludzkiej rzeczywistości, odpowiadać na najgłębsze potrzeby duchowe słuchaczy i wspierać ludzi w podejmowaniu decyzji o życiu w zjednoczeniu z Bogiem. Rahnerowska koncepcja mistagogii egzystencjalnej nie neguje potrzeby mistagogii liturgicznej, ale apeluje o jej ścisłe powiązanie z codzienną ludzką egzystencją.
GELİŞEN PİYASA EKONOMİLERİNDE KONJONKTÜR KARŞITI PARA POLİTİKASI
Authors: KARABIYIK Can , ÇILBANT Coşkun 
Published: January 2020

Gelişmiş ülkeler genel olarak konjonktür karşıtı para politikasıyla ekonomi yavaşladığında gevşek, ekonomi hızlandığında ise sıkı para politikası uygulamaktadırlar. Böylelikle iktisadi dalgalanmalardaki çöküş ya da patlama engellenmekte ve ekonomik istikrar sağlanmaktadır. Aksine, gelişen piyasa ekonomilerinde uygulanan para politikaları genellikle konjonktür yanlısı niteliktedir. Bir başka deyişle, gelişen piyasa ekonomilerinde uygulanan makro iktisadi tedbirler çoğunlukla iktisadi dalgaları güçlendirmekte, güneşli günleri kavurucu sıcağa, yağmurlu günleri ise şiddetli sağanak yağışlara dönüştürmektedir. Sonuç olarak parasal otoriteler, önemli bir strateji olan konjonktür karşıtı para politikasını uygulayamamakta ve ekonomik istikrarsızlık ile etkin bir şekilde mücadele edememektedirler. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye gibi gelişmekte olan piyasa ekonomilerinde konjonktür karşıtı para politikasının uygulanmasını güçleştiren etmenlerin ortaya konulması ve bu konudaki çözüm önerilerinin sunulması amaçlanmaktadır.
PENGELOLAAN PROGRAM PENGAWASAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI LINGKUNGAN KEMENTERIAN AGAMA KABUPATEN PAMEKASAN
Authors: Arif Saiful 
Published: January 2020

The study describes the management of Islamic education supervision program in the ministry of religious affair at Pamekasan regency. There are three problems to be focus of this study, they are (1) how is arrangement of Islamic education supervision program in the ministry of religious affair at Pamekasan regency. (2) how is the implementation of Islamic education supervision program in the ministry of religious affair at Pamekasan regency? (3) how is evaluation of the implementation of Islamic education supervision program in the ministry of religious affair at Pamekasan regency? To investigate those problems, this study makes use of qualitative approach with descriptive analysis paradigm. The techniques of collecting data are in the form of structured interview,participant observation and documentation analysis. Meanwhile, checking the validity of data is conducted through extention of participation, meticulous observation, triangulation and peer checking.
ANALISIS BURDEN OF DISEASE HIPERTENSI PADA MASYARAKAT DI KABUPATEN KEDIRI
Authors: Utari Atika Binti , Nurul Rochmah Thinni 
Published: January 2020

The incidence of hypertension is the highest non-communicable disease in Kediri in 2016. The prevalence of hypertension in Kediri reaches 27.9. This situation even exceeds the prevalence rate in East Java (26.2). This study aims to calculate the value of economic losses caused by hypertension sufferers in Kediri. This research is a quantitative research with the cross-sectional method. The primary data collection was done by interviewing 100 hypertension sufferers. The results show that the direct medical cost incurred by patients due to hypertension is IDR 563,360 per capita. Meanwhile, the indirect costs to be incurred by patients during suffering hypertension reach IDR 789,272 per capita. Disability-Adjusted Life Years or years lost due to premature death and disability caused by hypertension disease in Kediri regency amount to 189,915 years. Consequently, the Burden of disease value obtained due to hypertension in Kediri District is IDR 330,882,930,485. It can be concluded that the economic burden caused by hypertension is significantly high. The indirect costs incurred by the patients are greater than the direct costs. Therefore, it is recommended to intensify the dissemination and preventive efforts to decrease the incidence of hypertension.
Controls On Deep-Water Sand Delivery Beyond the Shelf Edge: Accommodation, Sediment Supply, and Deltaic Process Regime
Authors: Paumard Victorien , Bourget Julien , Payenberg Tobi , George Annette D. , Ainsworth R. Bruce , Lang Simon , Posamentier Henry W. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Stratigraphic models typically predict accumulation of deep-water sands where coeval shelf-edge deltas are developed in reduced-accommodation and/or high-sediment-supply settings. On seismic data, these relationships are commonly investigated on a small number of clinothems, with a limited control on their lateral variability. Advanced full-volume seismic interpretation methods now offer the opportunity to identify high-order (i.e., 4th to 5th) seismic sequences (i.e., clinothems) and to evaluate the controls on shelf-to-basin sediment transfer mechanisms and deep-water sand accumulation at these high-frequency scales. This study focuses on the Lower Barrow Group (LBG), a shelf margin that prograded in the Northern Carnarvon Basin (North West Shelf, Australia) during the Early Cretaceous. Thanks to high-resolution 3D seismic data, 30 clinothems (average time span of ∼ 47,000 years) from the D. lobispinosum interval (142.3–140.9 Ma) are used to establish quantitative and statistical relationships between the shelf-margin architecture, paleoshoreline processes, and deep-water system types (i.e., quantitative 3D seismic stratigraphy). The results confirm that low values of rate of accommodation/rate of sediment supply (δA/δS) conditions on the shelf are associated with sediment bypass, whereas high δA/δS conditions are linked to increasing sediment storage on the shelf. However, coastal process regimes at the shelf edge play a more important role in the behavior of deep-water sand delivery. Fluvial-dominated coastlines are typically associated with steep slope gradients and more mature, longer run-out turbidite systems. In contrast, wave-dominated shorelines are linked to gentle slope gradients, with limited development of turbidite systems (except rare sheet sands and mass-transport deposits), where longshore drift currents contributed to shelf-margin accretion through the formation of extensive strandplains. In this context, reduced volumes of sand were transported offshore and mud belts were accumulated locally. This study highlights that variations from fluvial- to wave-dominated systems can result in significant lateral changes in shelf-margin architecture (i.e., slope gradient) and impact the coeval development of deep-water systems (i.e., architectural maturity). By integrating advanced tools in seismic interpretation, quantitative 3D seismic stratigraphy represents a novel approach in assessing at high resolution the controls on deep-water sand delivery, and potentially predicting the type and location of reservoirs in deep water based on the shelf-margin architecture and depositional process regime.
Identification of QTL TGW12 responsible for grain weight in rice based on recombinant inbred line population crossed by wild rice (Oryza minuta) introgression line K1561 and indica rice G1025
Authors: Li Xiaoqiong , Wei Yu , Li Jun , Yang Fangwen , Chen Ying , Chen Yinghua , Guo Sibin , Sha Aihua 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background: Limited genetic resource in the cultivated rice may hinder further yield improvement. Some valuable genes that contribute to rice yield may be lost or lacked in the cultivated rice. Identification of the quantitative trait locus (QTL) for yield-related traits such as thousand-grain weight (TGW) from wild rice speices is desired for rice yield improvement. Results: In this study, sixteen TGW QTL were identified from a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the cross between the introgression line K1561 of Oryza minuta and the rice cultivar G1025. TGW12 , One of most effective QTL was mapped to the region of 241.47 kb between the marker 2768345 and marker 2853491 of the specific locus amplified fragment (SLAF). The origin of TGW12 was tested using three markers nearby or within the TGW12 region, but not clarified yet. Our data indicated thirty-two open reading fragments (ORFs) were present in the region. RT-PCR analysis and sequence alignment showed that the coding domain sequences of ORF12 , one MADS-box gene, in G1025 and K1561 were different due to alternative slicing, which caused premature transcription termination. The MADS-box gene was considered as a candidate of TGW12 . Conclusion: The effective QTL, TGW12 , was mapped to a segment of 241.47 kb using RILs population and a MADS-box gene was identified among several candidate genes in the segment. The region of TGW12 should be further narrowed and creation of transgenic lines will reveal the gene function. TGW12 could be applied for improvement of TGW in breeding program.
Food Insecurity among Women of Reproductive Age in Nepal: Prevalence and Correlates
Authors: Pandey Shanta , Fusaro Vincent 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background:Food insecurity is widely prevalent in certain sections of society in low and middle-income countries. The United Nations has challenged all member countries to eliminate hunger for all people by 2030. This study examines the prevalence and correlates of household food insecurity among women, especially Dalit women of reproductive age in Nepal.Methods:Data came from2016 Nepal Demographic Health Survey,a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey that included 12,862 women between 15 and 49 years of age of which 12% were Dalit. Descriptive analysis was used to assess the prevalence of household food insecurity while logistic regression examined the relationship between women’s ethnicity and the risk of food insecurity after accounting for demographic, economic, cultural, and geo-ecological characteristics.Results:About 56% of all women and 76% of Dalit women had experienced food insecurity. Ethnicity is strongly related to food insecurity. Dalit women were most likely to be food insecure, even after accounting for factors such as education and wealth. They were 82%, 85%, 89% and 92% more vulnerable to food insecurity than Muslims, Brahmin/Chhetri,TeraiIndigenous, and Hill Indigenous populations, respectively. Education was a protective factor—women with secondary education (6thto 10thgrade) were 39% less likely to be food insecure compared to their counterparts without education. With a more than 10thgrade education, women were 2.27 times more likely to be food secure compared to their counterparts without education. Marriage was also protective. Economically, household wealth is inversely correlated with food insecurity. Finally, residence in the Mid-Western, Far-Western and Central Development regions was correlated with food insecurity.Conclusion:To reduce food insecurity in Nepal, interventions should focus on improving women’s education and wealth, especially among Dalit and those residing in the Far- and Mid-Western regions.
Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision and Sexual Practices among Sexually Active Circumcised Men in Mzuzu, Malawi: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Chatsika Zimveka Jones , Kumitawa Andrew , Samuel Vincent , Azizi Steven Chifundo , Jumbe Vincent C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background: Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC) is one of the strategies being promoted to prevent sexual heterosexual transmission of HIV. It has been adopted by 14 countries with high HIV prevalence and low circumcision rates. The 60% protective efficacy of VMMC has come with misconceptions in some societies in Malawi, hence VMMC clients may opt for risky sexual practices owing to its perceived protective effect. The study estimated proportion of circumcised men engaging in risky sexual behaviors post-VMMC, assessed knowledge on VMMC protective effect and identified socio-demographic factors associated with risky sexual practices.Method: A cross sectional study was conducted at two sites of Mzuzu city. Systematic random sampling was used to select 322 participants aged 18-49 who had undergone VMMC. The independent variables included age, location, occupation, religion, marital status and education. Outcome variables were non condom use, having multiple sexual partners and engaging in transactional sex. Data from questionnaires was analyzed using Pearson’s chi square test and logistic regression. Results: Out of 322 respondents, 84.8% (273) understood the partial protection offered by VMMC in HIV prevention. Ninety-six percent of the participants self-reported continued use of condoms post VMMC. Overall 23.7% - 38.3% participants self-reported engaging in risky sexual practices post VMMC, 23.7% (76) had more than one sexual partner; 29.2% (94) paid for sex while 39.9% (n=187) did not use a condom. Residing in high density areas was associated with non-condom use, (p = 0.043). Being single (p <0.001), and residing in low density areas (p = 0.004) was associated with engaging in transactional sex. Conclusion: Risky sexual practices are evident among participants that have undergone VMMC. Messages on safer sexual practices and limitations of VMMC need to be emphasized to clients, especially unmarried or single and those residing in low density areas.
Identification of two recessive etiolation genes (py1, py2) in pakchoi (Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis)
Authors: Zhang Kun , Mu Yu , Li Weijia , Shan Xiaofei , Wang Nan , Feng Hui 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background: Leaf color is a major agronomic trait, which has a strong influence on crop yields. Isolating leaf color mutants can represent valuable materials for research in chlorophyll biosynthesis and metabolism regulation. Results: In this study, we identified a stably inherited yellow leaf mutant derived from ‘Huaguan’ pakchoi variety via isolated microspore culture and designated as pylm. This mutant displayed yellow leaves after germination. Its etiolated phenotype was nonlethal and stable during the whole growth period. Its growth was weak and its hypocotyls were markedly elongated. Genetic analysis revealed that two recessive nuclear genes, named py1 and py2, are responsible for the etiolation phenotype. Bulked segregant RNA sequencing (BSR-Seq) showed that py1 and py2 were mapped on chromosomes A09 and A07, respectively. The genes were single Mendelian factors in F3:4 populations based on a 3:1 phenotypic segregation ratio. The py1 was localized to a 258.3-kb interval on a 34-gene genome. The differentially expressed gene BraA09004189 was detected in the py1 mapping region and regulated heme catabolism. One single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of BraA09004189 occurred in pylm. A candidate gene-specific SNP marker in 1,520 F3:4 yellow-colored individuals co-segregated with py1. For py2, 1,860 recessive homozygous F3:4 individuals were investigated and localized py2 to a 4.4-kb interval. Of the five genes in this region, BraA07001774 was predicted as a candidate for py2. It encoded an embryo defective 1187 and a phosphotransferase related to chlorophyll deficiency and hypocotyl elongation. One SNP of BraA07001774 occurred in pylm. It caused a single amino acid mutation from Asp to Asn. According to quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), BraA07001774 was downregulated in pylm. Conclusions: Our study identified a Chl deficiency mutant pylm in pakchoi. Two recessive nuclear genes named py1 and py2 had a significant effect on etiolation. Candidate genes regulating etiolation were identified as BraA09004189 and BraA07001774, respectively. These findings will elucidate chlorophyll metabolism and the molecular mechanisms of the gene interactions controlling pakchoi etiolation. Keywords: Brassica rapa,·BSR-Seq,·etiolation mutant,·genetic mapping