bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are working memory and glutamate concentrations involved in early‐life stress and severity of psychosis?
Authors: Corcoran Mark , Hawkins Emma L. , O'Hora Denis , Whalley Heather C. , Hall Jeremy , Lawrie Stephen M. , Dauvermann Maria R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveOccurrences of early‐life stress (ELS) are associated with the severity of psychotic symptoms and working memory (WM) deficits in patients with psychosis (PSY). This study investigated potential mediation roles of WM behavioral performance and glutamate concentrations in prefrontal brain regions on the association between ELS and psychotic symptom severity in PSY.MethodForty‐seven patients with PSY (established schizophrenia, n = 30; bipolar disorder, n = 17) completed measures of psychotic symptom severity. In addition, data on ELS and WM performance were collected in both patients with PSY and healthy controls (HC; n = 41). Resting‐state glutamate concentrations in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) were also assessed with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy for both PSY and HC groups. t tests, analyses of variance, and regression analyses were utilized.ResultsParticipants with PSY reported significantly more ELS occurrences and showed poorer WM performance than HC. Furthermore, individuals with PSY displayed lower glutamate concentrations in the left DLPFC than HC. Neither ELS nor WM performance were predictive of severity of psychotic symptoms in participants with PSY. However, we found a significant negative correlation between glutamate concentrations in the left DLPFC and ELS occurrence in HC only.ConclusionIn individuals with PSY, the current study found no evidence that the association between ELS and psychotic symptoms is mediated by WM performance or prefrontal glutamate concentrations. In HC, the association between ELS experience and glutamate concentrations may indicate a neurometabolite effect of ELS that is independent of an illness effect in psychosis.
The interplay between gamification and network structure in social learning environments: A case study
Authors: Sousa‐Vieira María E. , López‐Ardao Jose C. , Fernández‐Veiga Manuel , Ferreira‐Pires Orlando 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSocial learning environments (SLEs) are software suites that enable the application of both traditional and innovative teaching methodologies, blending activities tailored to the specific goals of the teaching style. In particular, SLEs have been used to introduce, on a medium and large scale, gamification strategies as a complement to traditional learning procedures. In this context, the existence of gamified activities can probably change the type and strength of the social relationships encouraged by the SLE among students. In this case study, we examine an SLE endowed with gamification capabilities and discuss the interplay between the designed gamified tasks and the resulting network of communications among the agents. Our findings reveal that the network structure reflects the interactions within the class in a nontrivial way and conversely that the network structure can be used to anticipate or predict the evolution of the student groups throughout the course. The results of this study support the claim that when the activities are designed around well‐conceived gamification and reward mechanisms, they quite easily capture the interest of the participants, whose engagement does not diminish with the progress of the academic term.
Computational thinking in programming with Scratch in primary schools: A systematic review
Authors: Fagerlund Janne , Häkkinen Päivi , Vesisenaho Mikko , Viiri Jouni 
Published: May 2020

AbstractComputer programming is being introduced in educational curricula, even at the primary school level. One goal of this implementation is to teach computational thinking (CT), which is potentially applicable in various computational problem‐solving situations. However, the educational objective of CT in primary schools is somewhat unclear: curricula in various countries define learning objectives for topics, such as computer science, computing, programming or digital literacy but not for CT specifically. Additionally, there has been confusion in concretely and comprehensively defining and operationalising what to teach, learn and assess about CT in primary education even with popular programming akin to Scratch. In response to the growing demands of CT, by conducting a literature review on studies utilising Scratch in K–9, this study investigates what kind of CT has been assessed in Scratch at the primary education level. As a theoretical background for the review, we define a tangible educational objective for introducing CT comprehensively in primary education and concretise the fundamental skills and areas of understanding involved in CT as its “core educational principles”. The results of the review summarise Scratch programming contents that students can manipulate and activities in which they can engage that foster CT. Moreover, methods for formatively assessing CT via students' Scratch projects and programming processes are explored. The results underpin that the summarised “CT‐fostering” programming contents and activities in Scratch are vast and multidimensional. The next steps for this study are to refine pedagogically meaningful ways to assess CT in students' Scratch projects and programming processes.
Structural Characterization and α‐Glucosidase Inhibitory and Antioxidant Activities of Fucoidans Extracted from Saccharina japonica
Authors: Ke Songze , Wei Bin , Qiu Wenhui , Zhou Taoshun , Wang Sijia , Chen Jun , Chen Jianwei , Zhang Huawei , Jin Weihua , Wang Hong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTwo sulfated fucoidan fractions (Lj3 and Lj5) were extracted from Saccharina japonica and then subjected to acid hydrolysis to obtain Lj3h and Lj5h. Lj3h and Lj5h were characterized using IR, methylation analysis, and mass spectrometry. It was found that Lj3h and Lj5h were homogeneous low molecular weight fucoidans. Specifically, Lj3h was composed of the main chain of 1,3‐linked α‐L‐fucopyranose residues with sulfate at C‐2 and/or C‐4 and three different monosaccharides (galactose, glucose, mannose) branched at C‐2 and/or C‐4 of fucose residue. Lj5h contained backbones of alternating galactopyranose residues and fucopyranose residues attached via a 1→3 linkage (galactofucan) and 1→6 linked galactan. The sulfation pattern was mainly located at C2/C4 fucose or galactose residues and more branches occupied at C‐4 of fucose residue and C‐2, C‐3 or/and C‐6 of galactose residue. In vitro assay indicated that, among the four fucoidans tested, only Lj5 showed potent α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 of 153.27±22.89 μg/mL, and the two parent fucoidans, Lj3 and Lj5, showed better antioxidant activity than their derivatives. These findings highlight the structure and bioactivity diversity of Saccharina japonica‐derived fucoidans.
Penicimutanin C, a New Alkaloidal Compound, Isolated from a Neomycin‐Resistant Mutant 3‐f‐31of Penicillium purpurogenum G59
Authors: Wang Nan , Dong Yuan , Yang Yu , Xu Rui , Li Chang‐Wei , Cui Cheng‐Bin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPenicimutanin C, a new alkaloidal compound, was isolated from the neomycin‐resistant mutant strain 3‐f‐31 of the marine‐derived fungus, Penicillium purpurogenum G59, together with four known compounds. The structure of penicimutanin C, including the absolute configuration, was determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods. The absolute configuration of penicimutanin A was also re‐confirmed by Marfey's and chiral HPLC analyses of the hydrolyzed products. Penicimutanins C and A inhibited the proliferation of five human cancer cell lines to some extent. Penicimutanin C is the third dimer of diketopiperazine and penicimutanolone, which are only produced by mutants of P. purpurogenum G59 isolated to date, and it showed cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines. The neomycin‐resistant screening strategy has been previously successfully used to discover new compounds by activating silent metabolites in fungi, and the present results provide an additional example of the effectiveness of this method.
Impact of aortic angle on transcatheter aortic valve implantation outcome with Evolut‐R, Portico, and Acurate‐NEO
Authors: Gorla Riccardo , De Marco Federico , Garatti Andrea , Bianchi Giovanni , Popolo Rubbio Antonio , Acerbi Elena , Casenghi Matteo , Spagnolo Pietro , Brambilla Nedy , Testa Luca , Agnifili Mauro L. , Tusa Maurizio , Bedogni Francesco 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate paravalvular leak (PVL) and devices success rates according to aortic angle (AA) in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) with three new‐generation self‐expanding devices.BackgroundThe impact of aortic angle (AA) on TAVI device success and PVL rates is controversial.MethodsThis retrospective study included 392 patients submitted to TAVI for severe aortic stenosis with Portico, Evolut‐R and Acurate‐NEO, and available AA measurements at computed tomography (CT) angiography. AA was calculated from the implantation projection and was defined as the angle between the plane of aortic annulus and an ideal horizontal plane. Aorta was defined horizontal if AA>57° (75th percentile).ResultsIn the horizontal group, the rates of moderate/severe PVL was higher in the Evolut‐R group (20.8%), which was also characterized by a lower implant compared to that of Acurate‐NEO, whereas device success was comparable among the three devices. AA was a significant predictor of moderate/severe PVLs (AUC 0.72, p = .002) only in the Evolut‐R population.On multivariate analysis, calcium volume 850HU, bicuspid aortic valve, and implantation depth at the level of left coronary cusp were independent predictors of moderate/severe PVL. On univariate analysis in the horizontal aorta population, implantation depth was confirmed among the most significant predictors of moderate/severe PVL.ConclusionsDespite comparable device success rates, horizontal aorta represented a technical challenge only in the Evolut‐R subgroup, which showed higher rates of moderate/severe PVL than Portico and Acurate‐NEO, and was associated with a low implant.
Seborrhoeic dermatitis and sebopsoriasis developing in patients on dupilumab: Two case reports
Authors: Al‐Janabi Ali , Marsland Alexander M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCutaneous adverse events to dupilumab can be varied; this necessitates keeping a broad differential diagnosis to identify seemingly paradoxical reactions. It may be possible to treat the adverse event concurrently without stopping dupilumab.
An Exploratory Investigation of Spinel LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 as Cathode Material for Potassium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Bhatia Ankush , Pereira‐Ramos Jean‐Pierre , Emery Nicolas , Laïk Barbara , Smith Ronald I. , Baddour‐Hadjean Rita 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe emerging interest in K‐ion batteries (KIBs) increases the importance of cathodes with high working voltage in this system. The LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 spinel is a promising alternative for the next generation of high voltage Li‐ion positive electrodes and its delithiated structure could be of interest for KIBs. In this work, Li ions are extracted from LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 by a first electrochemical oxidation. The electroformed λ‐Mn0.75Ni0.25O2 spinel phase is shown to convert into layered K0.5Mn0.75Ni0.25O2 (KMNO) at 20 °C along the first discharge in K cell. Then, 0.3 K+/KMNO (90 mAh g−1) are reversibly exchanged during the subsequent cycle. Superior electrochemical performance are reported for KMNO as compared to K0.5MnO2 (KMO): a higher working voltage vs. K+/K (3.10 V vs. 2.79 V), enhanced rate capability and better cycling stability (70 mAh g−1 after 60 cycles at C/20 for KMNO vs. 40 mAh g−1 for KMO). The contribution of the Ni redox system is revealed as a reason for these improved performances.
Numerical simulation of the mass transfer process of CO2 absorption by different solutions in a microchannel
Authors: Dong Rui , Chu Di , Sun Qiqi , Jin Zunlong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe flow and mass transfer characteristics of CO2 absorption in different liquid phases in a microchannel were studied by numerical simulation. The mixture gas phase contained 5 vol% CO2 and 95 vol% N2, and the different liquid phases were water, ethanol solution, 0.2 M monoethanolamine solution, and 0.2 M NaOH solution, respectively. Based on the permeation theory, the distribution of velocity and concentration in the slug flow was obtained by local simulation of flow and mass transfer coupling and was described in depth. The influence of contact time and bubble velocity on the mass transfer of the whole bubble was highlighted. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient on the bubble cap and liquid film, CO2 absorption rate, and enhancement factor were calculated and analyzed. The results showed that the volumetric mass transfer coefficients of chemical absorption were ~3 to 10 times that of physical absorption and the CO2 was absorbed more completely in chemical absorption. The new empirical correlations for predicting the mass transfer coefficient of the liquid phase were proposed respectively in physical absorption and chemical absorption, which were compared with the empirical formulas in the literature. The volumetric mass transfer coefficients obtained by predictive correlations are in good agreement with those obtained by simulation in this paper. This work made a basic prediction for CO2 absorption in microchannel and provides a foundation for later experimental research.
Structural Consequences of the 1,2,3‐Triazole as an Amide Bioisostere in Analogues of the Cystic Fibrosis Drugs VX‐809 and VX‐770
Authors: Doiron Jake E. , Le Christina A. , Bacsa John , Breton Gary W. , Martin Kenneth L. , Aller Stephen G. , Turlington Mark 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlthough the 1,2,3‐triazole is a commonly used amide bioisostere in medicinal chemistry, the structural implications of this replacement have not been fully studied. Employing X‐ray crystallography and computational studies, we report the spatial and electronic consequences of replacing an amide with the triazole in analogues of cystic fibrosis drugs in the VX‐770 and VX‐809 series. Crystallographic analyses quantify subtle differences in the relative positions and conformational preferences of the R1 and R2 substituents attached to the amide and triazole bioisosteres. Computational studies derived from the X‐ray data highlight the improved hydrogen bonding donor and acceptor capabilities of the amide in comparison to the triazole. This analysis of the spatial and electronic differences between the amide and 1,2,3‐triazole will inform medicinal chemists as they consider using the triazole as an amide bioisostere.
Synthesis of Phospho‐Polypeptides via Phosphate‐Containing N‐Carboxyanhydride: Application in Enzyme‐Induced Self‐Assembly, and Calcium Carbonate Mineralization
Authors: Mondal Basudeb , Das Soumen , Panda Sidharth , Dutta Tahiti , Gupta Sayam Sen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAn easy synthetic strategy was developed to synthesize the phosphate‐functionalized amino acid N‐carboxyanhydride (NCA), using simple primary amine initiators to obtain homo and block phospho‐polypeptides with controlled molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. The methodology was extended to the synthesis of the end‐functionalized homo polypeptides (15 to 50 repeat unit) and block co‐polypeptides with PEG (0.7 K, 2 K, and 5 K) and glycopolypeptide (15‐unit mannose glycopolypeptide) as one of the blocks. The deprotected fully water‐soluble anionic phosphate‐based polypeptides showed pH‐dependent helical conformation with a helical content of 20 %, which further changed to β‐sheets upon addition of the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP) due to dephosphorylation. The block co‐polypeptide containing PEG as one of the blocks led to its self‐assembly into colloidal structures, such as vesicles with a hydrodynamic diameter of ∼250 nm, due to the formation of amphiphilic block co‐polymer upon dephosphorylation. The nature of the colloidal structures formed can be temporally controlled by the extent of dephosphorylation. Finally, the phospho‐polypeptides serve as a template for the mineralization of calcium carbonate with varying polymorphs and morphologies.
The Lymphoid Tissue Pharmacokinetics of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate and Tenofovir Alafenamide in HIV‐Infected Persons
Authors: Fletcher Courtney V. , Podany Anthony T. , Thorkelson Ann , Winchester Lee C. , Mykris Timothy , Anderson Jodi , Jorstad Siri , Baker Jason V. , Schacker Timothy W. 
Published: May 2020

The secondary lymphoid tissues (LT), lymph nodes (LN) and gut‐associated lymphoid tissue are the primary sites of HIV replication and where the latent pool of virus is maintained. We compared the pharmacokinetics of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) in LT of 13 HIV‐infected persons receiving a TDF‐containing antiretroviral regimen who subsequently switched to a TAF‐containing regimen. Study participants were on stable antiretroviral therapy for ≥12 months with plasma HIV‐RNA < 48 copies/mL for 6 months before enrollment and entry CD4 cell counts > 300 cells/µL. Intracellular concentrations of tenofovir‐diphosphate (TFV‐DP) and emtricitabine‐triphosphate (FTC‐TP) were quantified in PBMCs and in mononuclear cells obtained from LN, ileum and rectal tissues. With TAF, the TFV‐DP concentrations in PBMCs and LN were 7.3‐fold and 6.4‐fold higher (ratios of geometric means of TAF to TDF), respectively, compared with TDF; ileal and rectal concentrations, however, were lower with geometric mean ratios of 0.14 and 0.18, respectively. A statistically significant relationship was observed between PBMC and LN concentrations of TFV‐DP. During TDF‐containing therapy, the expected effect of cobicistat to increase TFV plasma concentrations was observed, as were higher TFV‐DP concentrations in PBMCs and mononuclear cells from LN, ileum and rectal tissues. The higher TFV‐DP concentrations achieved with TAF in the LN provides the first human correlate of the observation in animals that TAF produced higher tenofovir LN concentrations. The ability to increase LN concentrations allows investigations of whether antiretroviral regimens with improved LN pharmacokinetics elicit a more complete virologic response in that compartment.
Proof of Concept: First Pediatric [14C]microtracer Study to Create Metabolite Profiles of Midazolam
Authors: van Groen Bianca D. , van Duijn Esther , de Vries Arjan , Mooij Miriam G. , Tibboel Dick , Vaes Wouter H. J. , de Wildt Saskia N. 
Published: May 2020

Growth and development affect drug‐metabolizing enzyme activity thus could alter the metabolic profile of a drug. Traditional studies to create metabolite profiles and study the routes of excretion are unethical in children due to the high radioactive burden. To overcome this challenge, we aimed to show the feasibility of an absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) study using a [14C]midazolam microtracer as proof of concept in children. Twelve stable, critically ill children received an oral [14C]midazolam microtracer (20 ng/kg; 60 Bq/kg) while receiving intravenous therapeutic midazolam. Blood was sampled up to 24 hours after dosing. A time‐averaged plasma pool per patient was prepared reflecting the mean area under the curve plasma level, and subsequently one pool for each age group (0–1 month, 1–6 months, 0.5–2 years, and 2–6 years). For each pool [14C]levels were quantified by accelerator mass spectrometry, and metabolites identified by high resolution mass spectrometry. Urine and feces (n = 4) were collected up to 72 hours. The approach resulted in sufficient sensitivity to quantify individual metabolites in chromatograms. [14C]1‐OH‐midazolam‐glucuronide was most abundant in all but one age group, followed by unchanged [14C]midazolam and [14C]1‐OH‐midazolam. The small proportion of unspecified metabolites most probably includes [14C]midazolam‐glucuronide and [14C]4‐OH‐midazolam. Excretion was mainly in urine; the total recovery in urine and feces was 77–94%. This first pediatric pilot study makes clear that using a [14C]midazolam microtracer is feasible and safe to generate metabolite profiles and study recovery in children. This approach is promising for first‐in‐child studies to delineate age‐related variation in drug metabolite profiles.
Searching for new long‐term urinary metabolites of metenolone and drostanolone using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with a focus on non‐hydrolysed sulfates
Authors: Albertsdóttir Aðalheiður Dóra , Van Gansbeke Wim , Coppieters Gilles , Balgimbekova Kyzylkul , Van Eenoo Peter , Polet Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSulfated metabolites have been shown to have potential as long‐term markers of anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS) abuse. In 2019, the compatibility of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) with non‐hydrolysed sulfated steroids was demonstrated, and this approach allowed the incorporation of these compounds in a broad GC–MS initial testing procedure at a later stage. However, research is needed to identify which are beneficial.In this study, a search for new long‐term metabolites of two popular AAS, metenolone and drostanolone, was undertaken through two excretion studies each. The excretion samples were analysed using GC–chemical ionization–triple quadrupole MS (GC–CI–MS/MS) after the application of three separate sample preparation methodologies (i.e. hydrolysis with Escherichia coli–derived β‐glucuronidase, Helix pomatia–derived β‐glucuronidase/arylsulfatase and non‐hydrolysed sulfated steroids).For metenolone, a non‐hydrolysed sulfated metabolite, 1β‐methyl‐5α‐androstan‐17‐one‐3ζ‐sulfate, was documented for the first time to provide the longest detection time of up to 17 days. This metabolite increased the detection time by nearly a factor of 2 in comparison with the currently monitored markers for metenolone in a routine doping control initial testing procedure. In the second excretion study, it prolonged the detection window by 25%.In the case of drostanolone, the non‐hydrolysed sulfated metabolite with the longest detection time was the sulfated analogue of the main drostanolone metabolite (3α‐hydroxy‐2α‐methyl‐5α‐androstan‐17‐one) with a detection time of up to 24 days. However, the currently monitored main drostanolone metabolite in routine doping control, after hydrolysis of the glucuronide with E.coli, remained superior in detection time (i.e. up to 29 days).
IJED support for eating disorders research in the time of COVID‐19
Authors: Weissman Ruth S. , Klump Kelly L. , Wade Tracey , Thomas Jennifer J. , Frank Guido , Waller Glenn 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis editorial reports on an anonymous survey question posed to eating disorders researchers about changes the International Journal of Eating Disorders (IJED) should implement to support the eating disorders research community affected by COVID‐19. The editorial accompanies an IJED article that details responses to the larger survey focusing more broadly on COVID‐19‐related research disruptions. Survey invitations were sent to editorial board members of eating disorders journals, members of eating disorder scientific organizations (e.g., Eating Disorders Research Society), and individuals who provided at least three IJED reviews in the prior 12 months. We reviewed the responses of 187 participants and identified three categories of changes that: (a) had already been implemented by the journal, (b) cannot be implemented because they fall outside the scope of IJED, or (c) will be implemented in coming weeks or months. The latter category includes publishing topical COVID‐19 papers, making some COVID‐19‐related content available open access, revising statistical guidelines, and issuing author guidance on reporting protocol changes caused by COVID‐19‐related disruptions. IJED recognizes the disruptive impacts that COVID‐19 has on all activities in our field, including clinical work, teaching, and advocacy, and is committed to supporting authors during this difficult time while striving to publish high‐quality research.