bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patellofemoral joint kinetics in females when using different depths and loads during the barbell back squat
Authors: Zavala Linnea , Flores Victoria , Cotter Joshua A. , Becker James 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBack squats are a common strengthening exercise for knee and hip musculature. However, repetitive loaded movements like backs squats result in high patellofemoral joint loading and therefore may contribute to the development of common overuse injuries. Thus, it is important to understand how changing parameters such as squat depth or load influences patellofemoral loading. This study investigated differences in patellofemoral loading when experienced female lifters squatted to three depths (above parallel, parallel, and below parallel) and with three loads (unloaded, 50%, and 85% of depth‐specific one repetition maximums). Patellofemoral joint reaction forces (pfJRF) and stresses (pfJS) were calculated from biomechanical models incorporating knee extensor moments (KEM) and joint angles. Peak KEMs displayed a depth‐by‐load interaction such that within each depth, as load increased so did peak KEM. However, within each load, the effects of depth were different. Peak pfJRF also increased with load and was higher at below parallel than above or parallel depths. Peak pfJS also displayed a depth‐by‐load interaction, increasing with load within a given depth, and being greatest at the below parallel depths within a given load. If patellofemoral joint loading is a concern, clinicians or coaches should carefully monitor the depth and load combinations being used.
What do you hear? The effect of stadium noise on football players’ passing performances
Authors: Otte Fabian W. , Millar Sarah‐Kate , Klatt Stefanie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractStadium noise – created by spectators and fans – plays a critical part in the reality of professional sports. Due to a lack of research on the impact of these auditory cues and multimodal environments on motor performance, it is currently unclear how professional athletes experience and perceive stadium noise and how this potentially affects performance in practice. In order to explore the effect of stadium noise on athletes’ performance, this paper presents an experimental design using the unique and standardised football training tool known as the “Footbonaut”. Specifically, fifteen skilled German football players engaged in a standardised football‐specific technical training programme while subjected to four different auditory training conditions; these included both “positive” and “negative” stadium noise conditions, a “baseline” condition providing auditory guidance, and a “no (auditory) cue” condition. Performance data for passing accuracy and passing time were measured for training in each auditory condition. A repeated measures MANOVA revealed a significant main effect for passing time. Specifically, participants showed faster passing times in the baseline compared to the negative and no auditory cue conditions. Findings are presented and discussed from a constraints‐led perspective, allied to principles of ecological dynamics and nonlinear pedagogy. Particularly, the use of representative training experiences (including multimodal sensory and emotional information) appears to underline training to refine expert athletes’ adaptive coordination of complex motor actions.
Effect of ambient temperature on fat oxidation during an incremental cycling exercise test
Authors: Ruíz‐Moreno Carlos , Gutiérrez‐Hellín Jorge , González‐García Jaime , GiráLdez‐Costas Verónica , Brito de Souza Diego , Del Coso Juan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAim: The objective of this current research was to compare fat oxidation rates during an incremental cycling exercise test in a temperate vs. hot environment.Methods: Twelve healthy young participants were recruited for a randomised crossover experimental design. Each participant performed a VO2max test in a thermoneutral environment followed by two cycling ramp test trials, one in a temperate environment (18.3°C) and another in a hot environment (36.3°C). The ramp test consisted of 3‐min stages of increasing intensity (+10% of VO2max) while gas exchange, heart rate and perceived exertion were measured.Results: During exercise, there was a main effect of the environment temperature on fat oxidation rate (F = 9.35, P = 0.014). The rate of fat oxidation was lower in the heat at 30% VO2max (0.42 ± 0.15 vs.0.37 ± 0.13 g/min; P = 0.042), 60% VO2max (0.37 ± 0.27 vs.0.23 ± 0.23 g/min; P = 0.018) and 70% VO2max (0.22 ± 0.26 vs.0.12 ± 0.26 g/min; P = 0.007). In addition, there was a tendency for a lower maximal fat oxidation rate in the heat (0.55 ± 0.2 vs.0.48 ± 0.2 g/min; P = 0.052) and it occurred at a lower exercise intensity (44 ± 14 vs.38% ± 8% VO2max; P = 0.004). The total amount of fat oxidised was lower in the heat (5.8 ± 2.6 vs 4.6 ± 2.8 g; P = 0.002). The ambient temperature also produced main effects on heart rate (F = 15.18, P = 0.005) and tympanic temperature (F = 25.23, P = 0.001) with no effect on energy expenditure (F = 0.01, P = 0.945).Conclusion: A hot environment notably reduced fat oxidation rates during a ramp exercise test. Exercising in the heat should not be recommended for those individuals seeking to increase fat oxidation during exercise.
Mesonic condensation in isospin matter under rotation *
Authors: Zhang Hui , Hou Defu , Liao Jin-Feng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We investigate mesonic condensation in isospin matter under rotation. Using the two-flavor NJL effective model in the presence of global rotation, we demonstrate two important effects of rotation on its phase structure: a rotational suppression of the scalar-channel condensates, in particular, the pion condensation region; and a rotational enhancement of the rho condensation region with vector-channel condensate. A new phase diagram for isospin matter under rotation is mapped out on the

plane where the three distinct phases, corresponding to the

-dominated regions, respectively, are separated by a second-order line at low isospin chemical potential as well as a first-order line at high rotation and are further connected at a tri-critical point.
Gauge dependence of the perturbative QCD predictions under the momentum-space subtraction scheme *
Authors: Zeng Jun , Wu Xing-Gang , Zheng Xu-Chang , Shen Jian-Ming 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The momentum-space subtraction (MOM) scheme is one of the most frequently used renormalization schemes in perturbative QCD (pQCD) theory. In this paper, we discuss in detail the gauge dependence of the pQCD predictions obtained under the MOM scheme. Conventionally, a renormalization scale ambiguity exists for the fixed-order pQCD predictions; this assigns an arbitrary range and error for the fixed-order pQCD prediction and makes the discussions on the issue of the gauge dependence much more involved. The principle of maximum conformality (PMC) adopts the renormalization group equation to determine the magnitude of the coupling constant; hence, it determines the effective momentum flow of the process, which is independent of the choice of renormalization scale. Thus, no renormalization scale ambiguity exists in PMC predictions. To focus our attention on the MOM scheme's gauge dependence, we first apply the PMC to deal with the pQCD series. As an explicit example, we adopt the Higgs boson decay width

up to its five-loop QCD contribution, to demonstrate the behavior of the gauge dependence before and after applying the PMC. Interaction vertices are chosen to define five different MOM schemes: mMOM, MOMh, MOMq, MOMg, and MOMgg. Under these MOM schemes, we obtain

,

,

,

, and

; here, the central values correspond to the Landau gauge with the gauge parameter

, the first errors correspond to

, and the second ones arise through taking

. The uncertainty of the Higgs mass

causes an extra error of

(or

) keV for all the aforementioned MOM schemes. It is found that the Higgs decay width

depends very weakly on the choice of MOM scheme, which is consistent with renormalization group invariance. It is found that the gauge dependence of

under the

scheme is less than ±1%, which is the smallest gauge dependence among all the aforementioned MOM schemes.
Electrical and spectral energy measurement techniques of pulsed continuous spectrum radiation sources
Authors: Kireev S G , Shashkovskiy S G , Tumashevich K A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The techniques of total spectral energy and electrical measurements of high-current pulsed arc discharge are presented and substantiated. On the example of a flash lamp, three working circuits were reviewed and the following values were obtained: time dependences for circuit electrical parameters, values of the energy deposition into plasma, and radiative efficiencies for different spectral ranges.
GC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics of plasma and urine to evaluate metabolic changes in prostate cancer
Authors: Struck-Lewicka Wiktoria , Wawrzyniak Renata , Artymowicz Małgorzata , Kordalewska Marta , Markuszewski Marcin , Matuszewski Marcin , Gutknecht Piotr , Siebert Janusz , Markuszewski Michał Jan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Prostate cancer (CaP) is a common cancer in men. Its late detection and inefficient diagnosis are a challenge for researchers who are currently searching for new cancer-related indicators that would facilitate better detectability of CaP and explain its pathogenesis. In the present preliminary study, endogenous volatile metabolites were detected in plasma and urine samples by using the metabolic fingerprinting approach. The analyses were performed using the GC-QqQ/MS technique in the scan mode. The detected and putatively identified metabolites were statistically analyzed using advanced univariate and multivariate statistical methods. Eleven urinary and three plasma metabolites were selected as statistically significant in patients with CaP as compared to those in healthy controls. Supervised methods such as logistic regression and quadratic support vector machine were applied to obtain the classification models. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the models were above 83%, 85%, and 81%, respectively. The putatively identified metabolites were associated with biochemical pathways such as tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolysis, carbohydrate conversion, and steroidal lipid metabolism that are mainly involved in energy production for cell growth and proliferation.
Biogas yields during anaerobic co-digestion of corn stover and cattle manure with different proportions
Authors: Jie Libin , Liu Shengyong , Zhang Shuqing , Peng Lei , Wang Jiong , Pan Yibo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The biogas production characteristics of anaerobic fermentation of cattle manure and corn stover with different proportions were studied to provide basis for improving efficiency. The dry matter mass ratio of corn stover and cattle manure was set as 1:1,1:2,1:3 and 2:1 respectively. The anaerobic co-digestion was carried out under the fermentation conditions of 8% TS and medium temperature (35±1°C), analysing the change rule of each biomethane production index. The results showed that when the mass ratio of corn stover to cattle manure was 2:1, daily biogas production was up to 80 mL; compared with 1:2 and 1:3, the maximum cumulative biomethane production volume of 4540mL increased by 21.67% and 30.12% respectively. The highest volume fraction of methane is 72%.
Numerical Simulation of Compression Characteristic of Layered Rock Mass in Coal Series Strata
Authors: Meng Xiangshuai , Lu Haifeng , Huang Jian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Taking layered rock mass of coal series strata as the research object, numerical model of its uniaxial compression is established by FLAC3D software. The layered rock mass is regarded as discontinuous medium, and interface in FLAC3D is used to simulate layer. Compression failure characteristic of layered rock mass under the condition of single structural plane and multiple structural planes are studied systematically, and numerical solution is compared with theoretical solution. The results show that for single structural plane rock mass, under the same axial pressure, when dip is in the range of 0°-25° and 80°-90°, the compression strength does not change with dip. In the range of 25°-80°, with the increase of dip of structural plane, the compression strength curve of the rock mass shows a “U” shape, which decreases first and then increases, the change of numerical solution and theoretical solution is basically the same; When dip of structural plane is fixed and the number of structural plane in the same group increases, the compression strength of rock mass decreases with the increase of the number of structural plane. This is because rock mass with multiple structural planes is relatively broken, the compression strength of rock mass is reduced. The research results can provide theoretical reference for stability analysis of surrounding rock in stope and tunnel.
Dynamic load test analysis of upper bearing arch bridge
Authors: luo Wenbo , Hu Chuanwen , He Mao , Wang Lei , Wang Jianwei , Chen Shunchao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The bridge load test is an important means to evaluate the completed performance, construction quality and structural bearing capacity of the bridge structure, including determining the dynamic load test to determine the natural frequency, damping ratio and vibration mode of the bridge structure or structure, so as to determine the structural rigidity. The quality is an important factor to determine the basis. However, for the dynamic characteristics measurement method of the upper bearing arch bridge, the specification does not give a detailed detection method or recommendations. Combining with the analysis results of the field test data of the upper bearing arch bridge, this paper obtains a more accurate arrangement of test points.
Study on speciation distribution and chemical reaction mechanism of sulfur during coal combustion
Authors: Cao Na , Zhang Cheng , Zhou Hui 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The combustion and pyrolysis of coal is a very complex process including pyrolysis, volatile combustion and coke burnout. There are many homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reactions in this process. In this paper, the thermodynamic equilibrium calculation model is used to predict the possible speciation distribution and chemical reaction mechanism of mercury and sulfur in coal combustion and pyrolysis. This will provide a theoretical basis for the removal of mercury and sulfur by mild thermal upgrading of coal before combustion and the control of mercury and sulfur emissions during coal combustion.
Automatic Control of Food Packaging Machinery
Authors: Tianfei Dong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
At this stage, in the process of rapid development of food packaging machinery, the dependence on technology is stronger. However, in the process of food packaging machinery automation design, more foreign technology is introduced, which will affect the research level of food packaging machinery automation in my country to a certain extent. Therefore, we need to pay attention to the research work on the localization of food packaging machinery automation in my country, and the development and innovation of drive technology and numerical control technology. Only in this way can we integrate digital technology into the development and research of food packaging machinery and equipment, and gradually improve the level of automation, energy saving and greening of food packaging machinery.
Solidification sequence and phase equilibria in Ti-47Al-22Nb and Ti-47Al-20Nb ternary alloys
Authors: Xu Xiangjun , Xu Shuai , Fashu Simbarashe 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The phase transformation sequences and phase equilibria in Ti-47Al-20Nb and Ti-47Al-22Nb (at.%) alloys were investigated through experiments and computational (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) techniques. Experiments to study nonequilibria phase transformations involved quenching the alloys from high temperature followed by composition and microstructure characterization. The computed results show that with increase in temperature, the α + β + γ tie-triangle phase region shifts towards low Nb content. On the contrary, experimental results show that with increase in temperature the tie-triangle of α + β + γ moves towards high Nb content. These changes are attributed to the expansion of the α phase region and corresponding changes of the primary α, β and γ phase regions with increase in temperature. In the experimentally studied alloys, a part of the α phase transformed to γ phase by massive transformation and most of the β phase transformed to γ phase in high Nb content alloys.
Mechanical, DMA and Sound Acoustic behaviour of Flax woven fabric reinforced Epoxy composites
Authors: Vinu Kumar S M , Senthil Kumar K L , Siddhi Jailani H , Rajamurugan G 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this current investigation, alkali and Trimethoxymethylsilane treated custom made (irregular type) basket woven fabric at different weight percentages (0, 25, 35 and 45 wt.% and named as Pure epoxy, 25 FE, 35 FE, and 45 FE respectively) were reinforced with epoxy resin to develop flax/epoxy composites and tested for mechanical, dynamic mechanical, and sound absorption properties as per ASTM standards. Mechanical results revealed that, amongst the composites, 45 FE showed highest tensile strength, flexural strength, Impact strength and Shore D hardness of 91.07 MPa, 109.5 MPa, 295.65 J m−1, and 85.23 respectively, whereas ILSS property did not shows much appreciable progress even at high fiber loadings. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) tests were conducted for five different frequencies (0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10 Hz) at varying temperature and properties such as storage modulus (E′), loss modulus (E″), and damping (tanδcurve) were evaluated. DMA properties of the composites have found to be improved after reinforced with the treated flax fabric. Effectiveness coefficient (C) confirms that 45FE composites exhibited better strong fiber-matrix interface and shows good agreement with cole-cole plot analysis. Sound absorption performance of the composites were determined in terms of sound absorption coefficient (SAC) using Impedance tube system for the frequency range 0–6400 Hz. Results indicated that flax-epoxy composites exhibit better sound absorption properties at medium and higher frequency levels. SEM analysis was carried out to understand the cause of failure in mechanically fractured composites. Moreover, morphologies of the fibers were also studied by XRD technique.
Speedup of Grover’s search algorithm and closed timelike curves
Authors: Yee Ki Hyuk , Bang Jeongho , Alsing Paul M , Miller Warner A , Ahn Doyeol 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The quadratic reduction of query complexity of Grover’s search algorithm (GA), while significant, would not be enough to enjoy exponentially fast data searching in large-scale quantum computation. One of the ways to enhance the speedup in the framework of Grover’s algorithm is to employ a novel quantum operation, i.e., inversion against an unknown state; however, this is not possible at least in quantum theory. We thus extend the Grover algorithm assisted by closed timelike curves (CTCs), in which the unknown-state inversion is achievable by combining the superposition of two unknown states with cloning. We dubbed this refined algorithm CTC-assisted Grover algorithm (CTC-GA). We show that the CTC-GA can vastly reduce the query complexity compared to the original algorithm; remarkably, from polynomial to poly-logarithmic. These results will provide a broader intuition for exponential quantum speedup of data searching problems.
Correlation of Cs flux and work function of a converter surface during long plasma exposure for negative ion sources in view of ITER
Authors: Cristofaro S , Friedl R , Fantz U 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Negative hydrogen ion sources for NBI systems at fusion devices rely on the surface conversion of hydrogen atoms and positive ions to negative hydrogen ions. In these sources the surface work function is decreased by adsorption of caesium (work function of 2.1 eV), enhancing consequently the negative ion yield. However, the performance of the ion source decreases during plasma pulses up to one hour, suggesting a deterioration of the work function. Fundamental investigations are performed in a laboratory experiment in order to study the impact of the plasma on the work function of a freshly caesiated stainless steel surface. A work function of 2.1 eV is achieved in the first 10 s of plasma, while further plasma exposure leads to the removal of Cs from the surface and to the change of the work function: a value of around 1.8–1.9 eV is measured after 10–15 min of plasma exposure and then the work function increases, approaching the work function of the substrate (≥4.2 eV) after 5 h. The Cs removal must be counteracted by continuous Cs evaporation, and investigations performed varying the Cs flux towards the surface have shown that a Cs flux of at least 1.5 × 1016 m−2s−1 is required to maintain a work function of 2.1 eV during long plasma exposure at the laboratory experiment.
Using deep learning to enhance event geometry reconstruction for the telescope array surface detector
Authors: Ivanov D , Kalashev O E , Kuznetsov M Yu , Rubtsov G I , Sako T , Tsunesada Y , Zhezher Y V 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The extremely low flux of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECR) makes their direct observation by orbital experiments practically impossible. For this reason all current and planned UHECR experiments detect cosmic rays indirectly by observing the extensive air showers (EAS) initiated by cosmic ray particles in the atmosphere. The world largest statistics of the ultra-high energy EAS events is recorded by the networks of surface stations. In this paper we consider a novel approach for reconstruction of the arrival direction of the primary particle based on the deep convolutional neural network. The latter is using raw time-resolved signals of the set of the adjacent trigger stations as an input. The Telescope Array (TA) Surface Detector (SD) is an array of 507 stations, each containing two layers plastic scintillator with an area of 3 m2. The training of the model is performed with the Monte-Carlo dataset. It is shown that within the Monte-Carlo simulations, the new approach yields better resolution than the traditional reconstruction method based on the fitting of the EAS front. The details of the network architecture and its optimization for this particular task are discussed.
Dimensions of automorphism group schemes of finite level truncations of 𝐹-cyclic 𝐹-crystals
Authors: Ding Zeyu , Xiao Xiao 
Published: August 2020

Let

M

π

\mathcal {M}_{\pi }

be an

F
F

-cyclic

F
F

-crystal over an algebraically closed field of positive characteristic defined by a permutation

π
\pi

and a set of prescribed Hodge slopes. We prove combinatorial formulas for the dimension

γ

M

π

(
m
)

\gamma _{\mathcal {M}_{\pi }}(m)

of the automorphism group scheme of

M

π

\mathcal {M}_{\pi }

at finite level

m
m

and the number of connected components of the endomorphism group scheme at finite level

m
m

. As an application, we show that if

M

π

\mathcal {M}_{\pi }

is a nonordinary Dieudonné module defined by a cycle

π
\pi

, then

γ

M

π

(
m
+
1
)
−

γ

M

π

(
m
)
>

γ

M

π

(
m
)
−

γ

M

π

(
m
−
1
)

\gamma _{\mathcal {M}_{\pi }}(m+1) - \gamma _{\mathcal {M}_{\pi }}(m) > \gamma _{\mathcal {M}_{\pi }}(m) - \gamma _{\mathcal {M}_{\pi }}(m-1)

for all

1
≤
m
≤

n

M

π

1 \leq m \leq n_{\mathcal {M}_{\pi }}

, where

n

M

π

n_{\mathcal {M}_{\pi }}

is the isomorphism number of

M

π

\mathcal {M}_{\pi }

.