bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From the securitisation of migration to the criminalisation of solidarity towards migrants
Authors: Boixiere Fleur 
Published: May 2020

From the securitisation of migration to the criminalisation of solidarity towards migrants
In recent years, migration has been at the centre of European debates and the number of migrants trying to cross the Mediterranean remains alarming. To this day, hundreds of people continue to risk their lives crossing the Mediterranean on small boats in order to flee conflict zones, persecution or extreme poverty. However, due to the lack of legal alternatives, migrants engage in dangerous journeys and find themselves helpless in the hands of smugglers. This article will address the growing pattern of criminalisation of migration and humanitarian assistance throughout Europe and consider the extent to which national, European and international anti-smuggling laws affect the work of civil society actors.
Behavior of mortar blended with quartzite residues when subjected to natural aging
Authors: Barros Sâmea Valensca Alves , Dantas Gerbeson Carlos Batista , Silva António Santos , Neves Gelmires De Araújo , Menezes Romualdo Rodrigues , Brito André Luiz Fiquene de , Pimentel Patrícia Mendonça , Melo Stefeson Bezerra De 
Published: May 2020

The mixture of mortars with quartzite residues is a recycling technique that has been widely used to promote the adequate management of solid waste generated in the municipality of Várzea-PB, Brazil. However, there are no reports in the literature that prove the durability of the mortar mixed with these residues when subjected to environmental conditions over time. Thus, the present work has as objective to study the durability of mortars incorporated with quartzite residues when submitted to natural aging. The reference mortar and incorporated with quartzite were prepared according to NBR 13281 and submitted to natural aging for 28, 60, 120, 180 and 360 days. Then, they were characterized by x-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and simple compression strength and carbonation and pozzolanic measurements. The results showed that, despite the decrease in compressive strength of quartzite containing mortars, the durability was not compromised, since the values were maintained in the range suggested by NBR 13281. Finally, it was concluded that mortars produced with quartzite residues presented good mechanical behavior when submitted to natural aging.
Hydro-sedimentological computational tool: case study of the Mogi-Guaçu SHP (Brazil-SP)
Authors: Santos Bruno Bernardo dos , Miranda Renato Billia de , Guimarães Tainá Thomassim , Martinez Carlos Eduardo Nunes Medina , Bielenki Júnior Cláudio , Mauad Frederico Fabio 
Published: May 2020

The hydro-sedimentological studies are complex and of great importance, mostly in countries with large amounts of water resources and with its energy matrix predominantly hydraulic. The assessment of the amount of sediment carried through water bodies is more difficult mainly due to the amount of involved quantities, which require the adoption of probabilistic or deterministic estimation methods. In this context, this paper presents a case study that applies the hydros-sedimentological module from the computational tool NH Statistic and Sediment, developed by one of the authors, written in Visual Basic for Applications to determine total sediment discharge using data from the Mogi-Guaçu Small Hydro Electric Power Plant (SP-Brazil). Among the surveys, the reduction of total sediment discharge was verified, which was expected. Likewise, the results provided by the developed computational tool were compared to the results of other softwares showing minimal differences, giving validity and consistency to the applied method. It’s worth mentioning that the method used in this case study may be replicated in other places, giving more information to assist the water resource management.
Common Grammatical Errors in Written Discourse of EFL Iraqi Learners
Authors: Al-shammery Doaa Faris , Huesiani Azar , Shahriari Hesamoddin 
Published: May 2020

The current study was an attempt to explore the common grammatical errors in written discourse of EFL Iraqi learners across gender. To this end, five male and five female Iraqi EFL academic learners with the same proficiency level were randomly selected. The participants were supposed to write a descriptive composition on a common topic. Findings showed Iraqi EFL learners made various errors in the following categories including tenses, prepositions, articles, active and passive voice, verbs and morphological error. It has been found that most of these errors caused by the effect of grammatical and linguistic system of participants’ first language on their written production of the target language.
Impact of cost distance and habitat fragmentation on the daily path length of Rhinopithecus bieti
Authors: Li Cong , Zhao Xumao , Li Dayong , Garber Paul Alan , Xiang Zuofu , Li Ming , Pan Huijuan 
Published: May 2020

An understanding of primate movement patterns in response to natural and anthropogenically induced changes in habitat heterogeneity, food availability, and plant species distribution is essential for developing effective management and conservation programs. Therefore, from July 2013 to June 2014, we examined the effects of landscape configuration on the ranging behavior (daily path length, DPL) of the Endangered Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) in the Baimaxueshan National Nature Reserve (27°34′N, 99°17′E) in Gehuaqing, China. Given the extreme difficulties in following the study group across high altitude mountainous terrain across an elevation of 2,500–4,000 m, we were only able to collect DPL using 3-4 GPS points per day on 21 individual days. We found that R. bieti traveled the shortest DPL in winter (1,141.31 m), followed by spring (2,034.06 m) and autumn (2,131.19 m). The cost distance, a statistical tool designed to estimate the difficulty of a species moving across its distributional range, was lowest in autumn (205.47), followed by spring (225.93) and winter (432.59) (one-way ANOVA: F = 3.852, P = 0.026, df = 2). The habitat fragmentation index (HFI), which measures the density of forest patches, indicated areas visited in the winter were more fragmented (HFI = 2.16) compared to spring (HFI = 1.83) or autumn (HFI = 1.3). Although our results should be considered preliminary, they suggest that both the availability of suitable travel routes and habitat fragmentation, driven by high-intensity human disturbance, constrain the movement of R. bieti. We found that undisturbed areas of the bands’ range contained a high density of lichens, which represent a nutritious and abundant and year-round food source for Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys. In order to protect this Endangered species, we recommend that researchers construct detailed maps of landscape heterogeneity, particularly habitat connectivity, forest fragmentation, and seasonal variation in the location of major food patches in order to better understand and mitigate the effects of seasonal habitat change on patterns of R. bieti habitat utilization and population viability.
Longitudinal study on nerve ultrasound and corneal confocal microscopy in NF155 paranodopathy
Authors: Athanasopoulos Diamantis , Motte Jeremias , Fisse Anna Lena , Grueter Thomas , Trampe Nadine , Sturm Dietrich , Tegenthoff Martin , Sgodzai Melissa , Klimas Rafael , Querol Luis , Gold Ralf , Pitarokoili Kalliopi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe report the case of a 27‐year‐old patient with subacute anti‐neurofascin‐155 neuropathy with bifacial palsy, who showed excellent response to rituximab. We provide longitudinal data of established clinical scores, nerve conduction studies, antibody titers, and novel imaging methods (nerve ultrasonography and corneal confocal microscopy). Clinical and electrophysiological improvement followed the reduction of serum antibody titer and correlated with a reduction of corneal inflammatory cellular infiltrates whereas the increase in the cross‐sectional area of the peripheral nerves remained 12 months after first manifestation. Our findings suggest that novel techniques provide useful follow‐up parameters in paranodopathies.
Identifying a Response for the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity 2000 Glucocorticoid Index
Authors: Touma Zahi , Gladman Dafna D. , Zandy Moe , Su Jiandong , Anderson Nicole , Urowitz Murray B. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo compare the performance of the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI‐2K) and the SLEDAI‐2K Glucocorticoids (SLEDAI‐2KG) indices in identifying responders to standard of care therapy.MethodsData from adult patients seen between 1995 and 2018 at the University of Toronto Lupus Clinic were analyzed. Patients with active disease (SLEDAI‐2K score ≥6) and receiving prednisone ≥5 mg/day, and with a follow‐up visit at 9 months, were studied. Response to standard of care therapy at first follow‐up visit was assessed using the SLEDAI‐2K and SLEDAI‐2KG. The performances of the SLEDAI‐2K and SLEDAI‐2KG were compared using a cutoff point of 4.ResultsIn a cohort of 188, the majority of patients were female (86.0%) and White (47.9%). Of 188 patients, 145 (77.1%) were responders and had a decrease in SLEDAI‐2K score of ≥4. The SLEDAI‐2KG identified 142 (97.9%) responders among the SLEDAI‐2K responders. More importantly, the SLEDAI‐2KG identified 11 (25.6%) additional responders among SLEDAI‐2K nonresponders (n = 43). This resulted from the ability of the SLEDAI‐2KG to account for the decrease in glucocorticoids dose.ConclusionThe SLEDAI‐2KG provides a novel concept for the assessment of lupus disease activity while accounting for glucocorticoids dosage to reflect on disease activity overall at a particular visit. The SLEDAI‐2KG accounts for the disease activity for each descriptor while also accounting for the current glucocorticoids dosage. The SLEDAI‐2KG adds 1 additional variable (glucocorticoids dosage) to the SLEDAI‐2K, which could alter response rates in drug trials and observational studies.
Comparison of the 2019 European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology/American College of Rheumatology Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Classification Criteria With Two Sets of Earlier Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Classification Criteria
Authors: Petri Michelle , Goldman Daniel W. , Alarcón Graciela S. , Gordon Caroline , Merrill Joan T. , Fortin Paul R. , Bruce Ian N. , Isenberg David , Wallace Daniel , Nived Ola , Ramsey‐Goldman Rosalind , Bae Sang‐Cheol , Hanly John G. , Sanchez‐Guerrero Jorge , Clarke Ann E. , Aranow Cynthia , Manzi Susan , Urowitz Murray , Gladman Dafna D. , Kalunian Ken , Werth Victoria P. , Zoma Asad , Bernatsky Sasha , Khamashta Munther , Jacobsen Søren , Buyon Jill P. , Dooley Mary Anne , van Vollenhoven Ronald , Ginzler Ellen , Stoll Thomas , Peschken Christine , Jorizzo Joseph L. , Callen Jeffery P. , Lim Sam , Inanç Murat , Kamen Diane L. , Rahman Anisur , Steinsson Kristjan , Franks Andrew G. , Magder Laurence S. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveThe Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) 2012 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) classification criteria and the revised American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1997 criteria are list based, counting each SLE manifestation equally. We derived a classification rule based on giving variable weights to the SLICC criteria and compared its performance to the revised ACR 1997, the unweighted SLICC 2012, and the newly reported European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR)/ACR 2019 criteria sets.MethodsThe physician‐rated patient scenarios used to develop the SLICC 2012 classification criteria were reemployed to devise a new weighted classification rule using multiple linear regression. The performance of the rule was evaluated on an independent set of expert‐diagnosed patient scenarios and compared to the performance of the previously reported classification rules.ResultsThe weighted SLICC criteria and the EULAR/ACR 2019 criteria had less sensitivity but better specificity compared to the list‐based revised ACR 1997 and SLICC 2012 classification criteria. There were no statistically significant differences between any pair of rules with respect to overall agreement with the physician diagnosis.ConclusionThe 2 new weighted classification rules did not perform better than the existing list‐based rules in terms of overall agreement on a data set originally generated to assess the SLICC criteria. Given the added complexity of summing weights, researchers may prefer the unweighted SLICC criteria. However, the performance of a classification rule will always depend on the populations from which the cases and non‐cases are derived and whether the goal is to prioritize sensitivity or specificity.
Tumor Metabolism‐Engineered Composite Nanoplatforms Potentiate Sonodynamic Therapy via Reshaping Tumor Microenvironment and Facilitating Electron–Hole Pairs’ Separation
Authors: Guan Xin , Yin Hao‐Hao , Xu Xiao‐Hong , Xu Guang , Zhang Yan , Zhou Bang‐Guo , Yue Wen‐Wen , Liu Chang , Sun Li‐Ping , Xu Hui‐Xiong , Zhang Kun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) depletion and low ROS production that result from the intratumoral redox metabolism equilibrium and low energy conversion efficiency from ultrasound mechanical energy to ROS‐represented chemical energy, respectively, are two vital inhibitory factors of sonodynamic therapy (SDT). To address the two concerns, a tumor metabolism‐engineered composite nanoplatform capable of intervening intratumoral ROS metabolism, breaking the redox equilibrium, and reshaping the tumor microenvironment is constructed to reinforce SDT against tumors. In this metabolism‐engineered nanoplatform, Nb2C nanosheets serve as the scaffold to accommodate TiO2 sonosensitizers and l‐buthionine‐sulfoximine. Systematic experiments show that such nanoplatforms can reduce ROS depletion via suppressing glutathione synthesis and simultaneously improving ROS production via the Nb2C‐enhanced production and separation of electron–hole pairs. Contributed by the combined effect, net ROS content can be significantly elevated, which results in the highly efficient anti‐tumor outcomes in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the combined design principles, that is, tumor metabolism modulation for reducing ROS depletion and electron–hole pair separation for facilitating ROS production, can be extended to other ROS‐dependent therapeutic systems.
Biodegradable 131Iodine‐Labeled Microspheres: Potential Transarterial Radioembolization Biomaterial for Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment
Authors: Pang Fuwen , Li Yuhao , Zhang Wenjie , Xia Chunchao , He Qing , Li Zhenlin , Xiao Liu , Song Simin , Dong Ping , Zhou Huijun , Shao Tuo , Cai Huawei , Li Lin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTransarterial radioembolization with radionuclide‐labeled microspheres is successfully used in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment, but the non‐biodegradability and rapid settlement of the microsphere material are associated with unsatisfied distribution and unable for multiple administrations. In this study, a novel biodegradable chitosan–collagen composite microsphere (CCM) with ideal settlement rate is prepared. The Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results indicate CCMs have desirable shapes with diameters around 10 µm, and considerable biodegradability within 12 weeks. These CCMs are successfully radiolabeled with 131I and processed efficiency of 70.4 MBq mg−1 of microspheres as well as favorable stability in vitro. Then, 131I‐CCMs are injected into rats with orthotopic HCC via the hepatic artery which effectively improves the median overall survival from 19 to 44 days (p < 0.05). Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging and immunohistochemical analysis indicate well‐localized biodistribution and consistent stability of 131I‐CCMs in the liver over 28 days. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and gross specimens monitoring confirm the inhibited tumor growth after 131I‐CCMs treatment. In conclusion, these biodegradable 131I‐CCMs exhibit optimal radiolabeling efficiency, stability, and favorably radioembolization effect for orthotopic HCC in a rodent model, suggesting potential for interventional cancer therapy.
In Situ Observations of Freestanding Single‐Atom‐Thick Gold Nanoribbons Suspended in Graphene
Authors: Zhao Liang , Ta Huy Q. , Mendes Rafael G. , Bachmatiuk Alicja , Rummeli Mark H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBulk gold's attributes of relative chemical inertness, rarity, relatively low melting point and its beautiful sheen make it a prized material for humans. Recordings suggest it was the first metal employed by humans dating as far back to the late Paleolithic period ≈40 000 BC. However, at the nanoscale gold is expected to present new and exciting properties, not least in catalysis. Moreover, recent studies suggest a new family of single‐atom‐thick two‐dimensional (2D) metals exist. This work shows single‐atom‐thick freestanding gold membranes and nanoribbons can form as suspended structures in graphene pores. Electron irradiation is shown to lead to changes to the graphene pores which lead to dynamic changes of the gold membranes which transition to a nanoribbon. The freestanding single‐atom‐thick 2D gold structures are relatively stable to electron irradiation for extended periods. The work should advance the development of 2D gold monolayers significantly.
Highly Stable Cross‐Linked Cationic Polyacrylamide/Ti3C2Tx MXene Nanocomposites for Flexible Ammonia‐Recognition Devices
Authors: Zhao Lianjia , Zheng Yiqiang , Wang Kang , Lv Chao , Wei Wei , Wang Lili , Han Wei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlthough ammonia gas sensor research has been developed for a long time, room temperature flexible ammonia gas sensors with high sensitivity and selectivity are still hot research topics. 2D transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) have combined their versatile surface chemistry and high metal conductivity to show their enormous sensing potential. Herein, developing a room temperature nanocomposite based on 2D MXenes materials and cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) with high gas response and flexibility targeting the construction of high‐performance ammonia sensors is focused on. Thanks to the hydrogen bond composition, ohmic contact with the interdigitated electrodes, and excellent mechanical properties, the CPAM/Ti3C2Tx‐based ammonia sensors exhibit high ammonia selectivity, faster response–recovery rate (12.7/14.6 s), excellent flexibility, and long‐term mechanical stability at room temperature. The synthesis of the CPAM/Ti3C2Tx nanocomposites offers a lasting inspiration for developing high‐performance flexible gas sensors.
Molecular Dynamics Investigation of Liquid and Vapor Interactions Near an Evaporating Interface: A Theoretical Genetics Perspective
Authors: Montazeri Kimia , Hao Shuai , Abdolhosseini Qomi Mohammad Javad , Won Yoonjin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUnderstanding phase transition between the liquid and gaseous states has gained significant interest, and has been ubiquitously observed in many places ranging from natural systems to water–energy nexus and thermal management applications. Phase transition phenomena at liquid–vapor interfaces are greatly governed by intermolecular‐level kinetics, which requires the use of empirical parameters in continuum‐level relations to explain the discrete nature of molecular particles. Despite its significance, it has been a great challenge to find detailed expressions of empirical parameters such as accommodation coefficients, which represent the probabilities for phase transition of liquid or vapor molecules at the interface. Here, direct statistical measurements of accommodation coefficients are reported by tracking the trajectories of liquid and vapor molecules in molecular simulations. The measurements reveal that evaporation and condensation coefficients are different by ≈50%, whereas they have been assumed to be equal in most previous studies. Then, the indirect measurement method is studied from a perspective of theoretical genetics based on the diffusion approximation. A good agreement between two approaches suggests that diffusion approximation can contribute to provide empirical parameters with a cost‐effective method.
Inhibition of Polysulfide Shuttles in Li–S Batteries: Modified Separators and Solid‐State Electrolytes
Authors: Li Shulian , Zhang Weifeng , Zheng Jiafen , Lv Mengyuan , Song Huiyu , Du Li 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are one of the most promising next‐generation energy storage systems due to their ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity. However, their practical applications are seriously hindered by some inevitable disadvantages such as the insulative nature of sulfur and Li2S, volume expansion of the cathode, the shuttle effect of polysulfides, and the growth of lithium dendrites on the anode. Of these, the polysulfide shuttle effect is one of the most critical issues causing the irreversible loss of active materials and rapid capacity degradation of batteries. Herein, modified separators with functional coatings inhibiting the migration of polysulfides are enumerated based on three effects toward polysulfides: the adsorption effect, separation effect, and catalytic effect. To solve the shuttle effect problem, researchers have replaced liquid electrolytes with solid‐state electrolytes. In this review, solid‐state electrolytes for lithium–sulfur batteries are grouped into three categories: inorganic solid electrolytes, solid polymer electrolytes, and composite solid electrolytes. Challenges and perspectives regarding the development of an optimized strategy to inhibit the polysulfide shuttle for enhancing cycle stability in lithium–sulfur batteries are also proposed.
Bi‐allelic loss‐of‐function novel variants in LTBP3‐related skeletal dysplasia: Report of first patient from India
Authors: Kaur Ravneet , Siddiqui Ishrat , Mathur Vijay , Jana Manisha , Kabra Madhulika , Gupta Neerja 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDental anomalies and short stature (DASS) has been recently identified as a distinct entity, associated with bi‐allelic hypomorphic variants in LTBP3 gene. Only 20 individuals from nine families have been previously reported, with a consistent phenotype of short stature, brachyolmia, and amelogenesis imperfecta. We report the first case from India, with novel radiographic and molecular findings in LTBP3 gene, thereby expanding the phenotypic spectrum of DASS.
41,XXY* male mice: An animal model for Klinefelter syndrome
Authors: Wistuba Joachim , Beumer Cristin , Brehm Ralph , Gromoll Jörg 
Published: May 2020

AbstractKlinefelter syndrome (KS, 47,XXY) is the most frequent male chromosomal aneuploidy resulting in a highly heterogeneous clinical phenotype associated with hormonal dysbalance, increased rate of co‐morbidities, and reduced lifespan. Two hallmarks of KS‐affecting testicular functions are consistently observed: Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and germ cell (GC) loss resulting in infertility. Although KS is being studied for decades, the underlying mechanisms for the observed pathophysiology are still unclear. Due to ethical restrictions, studies in humans are limited, and consequently, suitable animal models are needed to address the consequences of a supernumerary X chromosome. Mouse strains with comparable aneuploidies have been generated and yielded highly relevant insights into KS. We briefly describe the establishment of the KS mouse models, summarize the knowledge gained by their use, compare findings from the mouse models to those obtained in clinical studies, and also reflect on limitations of the currently used models derived from the B6Ei.Lt‐Y* mouse strain, in which the Y chromosome is altered and its centromere position changed into a more distal location provoking meiotic non‐disjunction. Breeding such as XY* males to XX females, the target 41,XXY*, and 41,XXY males are generated. Here, we summarize features of both models but report in particular findings from our 41,XXY* mice including some novel data on Sertoli cell characteristics.