bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural studies on fluid Hg and fluid Se at high temperatures and high pressures by means of X-ray diffraction and small angle X-ray scattering
Authors: Inui Masanori , Kajihara Yukio , Tamura Kozaburo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
X-ray diffraction (XRD) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements for fluid Hg and fluid Se up to the supercritical region have been carried out using synchrotron radiation at SPring-8. We obtained the structure factor,

S

(
Q
)

$S\left(Q\right)$

, including a small angle region, and the pair distribution function,

g

(
r
)

$g\left(r\right)$

, for both fluids from the liquid to the dense vapor region. Change of the local structure and medium-range correlations at the metal-insulator transition in fluid Hg were revealed. On the other, the average coordination number of two was preserved at the semiconductor-metal transition in fluid Se. From a SAXS experiment of fluid Se in 2012, SAXS spectra near the semiconductor-metal transition region show the Ornstein–Zernike profile and the SAXS intensity is reduced with increasing pressure. These results indicate difficulties of separating fluctuations intrinsic to the semiconductor-metal transition from those arising from the liquid-vapor critical point in fluid Se, although fluctuations intrinsic to the electronic transitions are largely expected in both fluids.
Nucleation of soot: experimental assessment of the role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) dimers
Authors: Adamson Brian A. , Skeen Scott A. , Ahmed Musahid , Hansen Nils 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The irreversible dimerization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) – typically pyrene (C16H10) dimerization – is widely used in combustion chemistry models to describe the soot particle inception step. This paper concerns itself with the detection and identification of dimers of flame-synthesized PAH radicals and closed-shell molecules and an experimental assessment of the role of these PAH dimers for the nucleation of soot. To this end, flame-generated species were extracted from an inverse co-flow flame of ethylene at atmospheric pressure and immediately diluted with excess nitrogen before the mixture was analyzed using flame-sampling tandem mass spectrometry with collision-induced fragmentation. Signal at m/z = 404.157 (C32H20) and m/z = 452.157 (C36H20) were detected and identified as dimers of closed-shell C16H10 and C18H10 monomers, respectively. A complex between a C13H9 radical and a C24H12 closed-shell PAH was observed at m/z = 465.164 (C37H21). However, a rigorous analysis of the flame-sampled mass spectra as a function of the dilution ratio, defined as the ratio of the flow rates of the diluent nitrogen to the sampled gases, indicates that the observed dimers are not flame-born, but are produced in the sampling line. In agreement with theoretical considerations, this paper provides experimental evidence that pyrene dimers cannot be a key intermediate in particle inception at elevated flame temperatures.
An Electrophysiological Abstractness Effect for Metaphorical Meaning Making
Authors: Forgács Bálint 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNeuroimaging studies show that metaphors activate sensorimotor areas. These findings were interpreted as metaphors contributing to conceptual thought by mapping concrete, somatosensory information onto abstract ideas. But is sensorimotor information a necessary constituent of figurative meaning? The present study employed event-related potentials (ERPs) in a divided visual field paradigm with healthy adults to explore the role of sensorimotor feature processing in the comprehension of novel metaphors via the electrophysiological concreteness effect. Participants read French, novel adjective-noun expressions that were either metaphorical (“fat sentence”) or literal (“fat hip”). While literal expressions evoked a typical concreteness effect, an enhanced frontal negativity during right hemisphere (RH) as opposed to left hemisphere (LH) presentation, metaphors showed no such sign of sensorimotor feature processing. Relative to literals, they evoked a sustained frontal negativity during LH presentation and similar amplitudes during RH presentation, but both of these effects were the greater the more abstract the metaphors were. It is the first time such an electrophysiological abstractness effect is reported, just the opposite of a concreteness effect. It is particularly noteworthy that ERPs evoked by metaphors were not contingent on figurativeness, novelty, meaningfulness, imageability, emotional valence, or arousal, only on abstractness. When compared with similarly novel literal expressions, metaphors did not evoke a typical N400 and did not activate the RH either. The findings shed new light on the neurocognitive machinery of figurative meaning construction, pervasive in everyday communication. Contrary to embodied cognition, the conceptual system might be organized around abstract representations and not sensorimotor information, even for lush, metaphorical language.
Cognitive Capacity Limits Are Remediated by Practice-Induced Plasticity between the Putamen and Pre-Supplementary Motor Area
Authors: Garner K.G. , Garrido M.I. , Dux P.E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHumans show striking limitations in information processing when multitasking yet can modify these limits with practice. Such limitations have been linked to a frontal-parietal network, but recent models of decision-making implicate a striatal-cortical network. We adjudicated these accounts by investigating the circuitry underpinning multitasking in 100 human individuals and the plasticity caused by practice. We observed that multitasking costs, and their practice-induced remediation, are best explained by modulations in information transfer between the striatum and the cortical areas that represent stimulus-response mappings. Specifically, our results support the view that multitasking stems at least in part from taxation in information sharing between the putamen and pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA). Moreover, we propose that modulations to information transfer between these two regions leads to practice-induced improvements in multitasking.
Obturating Techniques in Pediatric Dentistry : Literature Review
Authors: Dalsania Raj , Arora Ayush , Singla Kunal , Vyas Divya , Sareen Kriti , Chowdhury Chirantan 
Published: August 2020

Primary teeth should be preserved until their normal exfoliation time so as to maintain arch length and function in order to provide proper guidance for the eruption of permanent teeth , enhance esthetics and mastication, prevent aberrant tongue habits, aid in speech and prevent the psychological effects associated with tooth loss. Pulpectomy consists of removing the pulp tissue associated with micro-organisms and debris from the canal and obturating with resorbable filling material. Success rate of endodontic therapy depends on many factors like familiarity with the complexity of primary tooth canal systems, their formation and resorption pattern, obturating material as well as obturation technique used that is capable of densely filling the entire root canal system and providing a fluid tight seal from the apical segment of the canal to the cavosurface margin in order to prevent reinfection. This review article basically focuses on various obturating techniques used in deciduous teeth with their comparison, pros and cons.
The Peculiarities of Crises Management in Schools
Authors: Balsevičienė Birutė , Šinkariova Liuda 
Published: August 2020

Critical incidents are sudden, unexpected, often life-threatening time-limited events that may overwhelm an individual’s capacity to respond adaptively. Crises are sudden, unexpected events that have an “emergency quality” and have the potential to impact on the entire school community. In schools, a crisis might be considered as any situation faced by staff or students causing them to experience unusually strong emotional reactions that may interfere with their ability to perform.
Authors review the research in school crises management in foreign countries, especially in the USA and other western countries and the situation in this field in Lithuania.
There authors describe the definitions of crises and analyze models of crises management in schools. The main object of this research is management of crises in schools and its models. The purpose of this article is to review and summarize the researches in foreign countries and in Lithuania and outline the main directions for the future researches in this field.
The main goals of this article were to disclose the conception of crises in school, to review the research in school crises management in foreign countries and Lithuania, to review practical activities in Lithuania.
The method of this research was the analysis of scientific literature in Lithuania and foreign countries.
The research results and their analysis let draw the following conclusions:
The conception of crises in school is multiple, but there are three main features: incidents are unexpected and sudden, have the potential to impact on the part or entire school community and interfere with their ability to perform.
The most common model of crises management is PPRR model (prevention, preparation, response, recovery model) in schools.
In Lithuania there is the law of crises management in schools, pedagogical psychological services crises management teams were instructed in main crises management principals, schools crises management teams are instructed in these principals, too.
Altruistic Experiences of Volunteers Who Participate In the Socio-Educational Activities for People with Mental Disorders
Authors: Gudinavičius Benas , Gudonis Vytautas 
Published: August 2020

The article aims to present the results of volunteers who participate in socio-educational activities for people with mental disorders written reflections analysis based on lived experience.
The aim of the research is to reveal altruistic experiences of volunteers who participate in socio - educational activities for people having mental disorders. These experiences will lead to the identification of stimulating and suppressing factors for altruism self-education and characteristics of altruism expression. 12 volunteers who participated in socio-educational activities for people with mental disorders participated in a qualitative research.
Results of the research: positive experience of volunteers is linked to a successful socio-educational activities based on transformation of internal attitudes and values, adequate relationships with people having mental disorders. These factors are the baseline for a successful self-education of altruism. The main barriers for self-education of altruism are as follow: negative emotions and experiences of volunteers linked to a dominant feelings of helplessness and self-doubt, a lack of information of such kind of disability, negative evaluation and inadequate behavior of staff in relationship with people with mental disorders. The results of the research showed that there is a need to inform, consult and to support psychologically volunteers during volunteering and to educate a skills of self-reflection.
Bachelor Project as a Final Assessment of Study Outcomes
Authors: Lasauskienė Jolanta 
Published: August 2020

Study projects are an important part of university studies. They are involved not only for estimating separate study subjects but also for estimating an overall study quality, final study outcomes. The article examines final projects of music pedagogy which are prepared at Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences: peculiarities, educational importance and possibilities to strengthen practical training of future music teachers, by developing project and research activities competencies at university. The abilities of development are being presented in the context of study quality, final study outcomes.
The aim of the research. To analyze music pedagogy projects defended in Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences and to determine the peculiarities of achieved project and research activity competencies (study outcomes).
Methods of the research. Analysis of scientific sources, document analysis, expert method, content analysis.
Results. Conclusions of the results reveal that competencies of project and research activities most often are only partially achieved by a music pedagogy students. The level of achievement of these competencies – study outcomes – is not the same: the easiest activities for bachelor’s students are to plan and organize independently the investigations of professional activities, to implement education projects; whereas, the most difficult ones are to formulate a research problem, to analyze and interpret research data, to prepare research report. The worst acquired abilities of project activities (study outcomes) are: to determine relevant problems of music education, to validate a project under the appropriate methods, to formulate a scientific report. Within research activities (study outcomes) group the graduates find most difficult tasks, such as: to choose a particular research strategy, to select or compose research instruments, to describe properly results of data analysis, research conclusions and recommendations. The research reveals essential factors, which caused the difficulties in preparing (writing) Bachelor’s projects (paper) on music pedagogy: the lack of various literacy and research skills. These competencies (study outcomes) ought to be improved both individually and during the modules of university studies, which particularly focusing on research skills and action research (projects).
Structural and functional myocardial abnormalities and arrhythmias in patients with type 1 diabetes complicated with ketoacidosis
Authors: Mukha N. V. , Govorin A. V. , Zajtsev D. N. , Filev A. P. 
Published: August 2020

Aim.To study the structural and functional cardiac changes and arrhythmias in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) complicated with ketoacidosis.Material and methods.We analyzed 24-hour Holter monitoring data in 112 patients with T1D complicated with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). To assess the left ventricular (LV) diastolic function, all patients underwent echocardiography.Results.In patients with T1D complicated with DKA, the following cardiac arrhythmias were recorded: supraventricular arrhythmias — 60,7%, premature ventricular contractions — 26,2%, premature ventricular and supraventricular contractions — 13,1%. In 30% of patients with T1D complicated with DKA, premature ventricular contractions were classified as class 4A, in 10% — class 4B. With severe DKA, 5% of patients had short runs of unstable ventricular tachycardia. As the severity of ketosis increases, myocardial remodeling and LV diastolic dysfunction are recorded, as well as the spectral and temporal parameters of heart rate variability decrease.Conclusion.In patients with T1D complicated with DKA, structural and functional LV abnormalities, the development of LV diastolic dysfunction and cardiac arrhythmias are more often recorded. The most pronounced changes were found in the group of patients with T1D with moderate and severe DKA.
Heart rate-lowering therapy in gout patients with stable coronary artery disease: focus on ivabradine
Authors: Kushnarenko N. N. , Medvedeva T. A. , Mishko M. Yu. , Karavaeva T. M. 
Published: August 2020

Aim.To study the effect of ivabradine and bisoprolol on cardiac hemodynamics and diastolic remodeling in gout patients with coronary artery disease and hypertension and without left ventricular systolic dysfunction.Material and methods. The open randomized parallel clinical trial of 35 men with intercritical gout at the age of 41,4±3,3 years, with class II-III stable angina, hypertension and sinus rhythm without data suggestive of heart failure was performed. All patients included in the study were randomly divided into two groups: eighteen patients took bisoprolol at a dose of 2,5 to 10 mg/day, 17 subjects received bisoprolol 2,5 mg/day with ivabradine (Coraxan, SERVIER, France) 5 mg 2 times a day. Adjustment of the therapy was carried out every 2 weeks until the target heart rate (HR) was reached at 55-60 beats/min and then remained unchanged until 12 weeks of therapy. All patients underwent echocardiography, 24-hour Holter and central aortic blood pressure monitoring, and 3-minute cycle ergometer test with a power of 25, 50, 75 and 100 watts.Results.There was a comparable decrease in the maximum and minimum 24-hour average heart rates in patients receiving only bisoprolol and those taking bisoprolol+ivabradine. Patients taking bisoprolol+ivabradine had a decrease of central systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP). Pulse pressure in the bisoprolol group increased by 17,7% (p=0,02), and when ivabradine was added, on the contrary, it decreased by 7,0% (p=0,04). Twelve-week therapy with beta-blockers and ivabradine was accompanied by an effective decrease in the pulse wave velocity in both groups (p<0,05). All gout patients did not have a decrease of systolic function and there was an improvement in diastolic remodeling with beta-blockers and ivabradine therapy.Conclusion. The results obtained indicate that the addition of ivabradine to bisoprolol leads to an effective decrease in heart rate, an improvement in arterial stiffness and exercise tolerance. Combination therapy with ivabradine is accompanied by an improvement in clinical outcomes using lower doses of bet-blockers, which requires further study and a double-blind controlled study.
Trends in youth e-cigarette and cigarette use between 2013 and 2019: insights from repeat cross-sectional data from the COMPASS study
Authors: Cole Adam G. , Aleyan Sarah , Battista Kate , Leatherdale Scott T. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objectives
E-cigarettes are an increasingly popular product among youth in Canada. However, there is a lack of long-term data presenting trends in use. As such, the objective of this study was to examine trends in e-cigarette and cigarette use across various demographic characteristics between 2013 and 2019 among a large sample of secondary school youth in Canada.

Methods
Using repeat cross-sectional data from a non-probability sample of students in grades 9 to 12, this study explored trends in the prevalence of ever and current e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking between 2013–2014 and 2018–2019 in British Columbia, Alberta, Ontario, and Quebec. Trends in ever and current e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking were studied across demographic variables among students in Ontario.

Results
The prevalence of e-cigarette ever and current use was variable across province and increased over time, particularly between 2016–2017 and 2018–2019. In contrast, the prevalence of current cigarette smoking was relatively stable over the study period, decreasing significantly in Alberta and Ontario between 2017–2018 and 2018–2019. In Ontario, the prevalence of ever and current e-cigarette use increased among all grades, both genders, and all ethnicities.

Conclusion
Consistent with data from the United States, the prevalence of e-cigarette use among our large sample of Canadian youth has increased substantially in a short period of time. Surveillance systems should continue to monitor the prevalence of tobacco use among youth. Additional interventions may be necessary to curb e-cigarette use among Canadian youth.
VR-Training im Pharma-Betrieb
Authors: Hanisch Felix 
Published: August 2020

Die Kompetenz der Mitarbeiter in der pharmazeutischen Produktion ist entscheidend für Sicherheit, Qualität und Zuverlässigkeit. Konventionelle Schulungsmethoden sind aufwändig, können in der Regel nicht automatisiert werden und führen nicht immer zu den gewünschten Ergebnissen. Eine Lösung stellt hier der “DeepTraining“-Ansatz dar, bei dem Mitarbeiter via Virtual-Reality-Brille in authentische Produktionsumgebungen “eintauchen” und dort zentrale Fähigkeiten lernen, die für die Vermeidung der wichtigsten Fehler wichtig sind. Sie werden unmittelbar durch präzises Feedback - unabhängig von ihrem individuellen Stärken- und Schwächenprofil – automatisiert und qualitätsgesichert geschult (Trainings-Transfer-Effekt), ohne dass das Training die echte Produktion beeinträchtigt. Dieser Artikel führt in den DeepTraining Ansatz ein und zeigt wie dieser erfolgreich auf einen pharmazeutischen Betrieb im Supply Center Leverkusen der Bayer AG angewendet wurde.
Reflective Practice: Connecting Assessment and Socio-Legal Research in Clinical Legal Education
Authors: Blengino Cecilia , Brooks Susan L. , Deramat Marie , Mondino Silvia 
Published: August 2020

This paper shares some initial attempts to investigate the socio-legal dimensions of reflective practice in a sampling of clinical programs across several jurisdictions in Europe and elsewhere. These preliminary findings were presented at the most recent ENCLE Conference, which took place in Turin, Italy in September of 2018. For some time now, our ‘transnational team’ -- comprised of clinical teachers from US, France, Spain and Italy -- has been exploring our common interest in researching the multiple roles reflective writing can play as a tool for assessing student learning and as an instrument for socio-legal research. During the session, the team members who were present shared and discussed some possible uses of reflective writing of various sorts, identifying their impact on learning, teaching, and research. This line of inquiry can potentially assist the clinical legal education community to reflect about the reasons for choosing particular tools for reflective practice in our clinical programs. Discussion and feedback from participants contributed important input to deepen our exploration and will assist us in developing further theoretical understandings in the future.
Engagement and Participation as a Part of the Mental Welfare Commission for Scotland
Authors: Morgan Graham 
Published: August 2020

An account of the work of the engagement and participation officers with lived experience as users and carers in the MWC, showing: the history of user and carer involvement in the Commission, the reason for the employment of the present workers and the creation of the department of engagement and participation. Told from the perspective of lived experience of using services, describing the development of the roles to date, the activities carried out to date, especially those connected with mental health law, capacity, and the role of the NPM in safeguarding against cruel and degrading treatment and torture, some assessments of the impact of these activities and a presentation of the personal perspective of using lived experience as an integral part of a professional role.
Street Law in the 21st Century: Assessing the Impact of the ‘Know the Law’ Pilot Project
Authors: Johnston Briony , McCarthy Shaun 
Published: August 2020

Street Law has long been identified as a means by which the community is empowered with relevant and topical information regarding their legal rights, remedies and responsibilities. However, in more recent times, traditional forms of delivery such as in-person legal education seminars may not adequately meet the desires and needs of people who are hoping to access legal information faster and more conveniently than ever before. This article examines a pilot project designed by the University of Newcastle Legal Centre to ensure outreach keeps pace with modern expectations of legal service delivery through the development of the ‘Know the Law’ mobile cache device (‘the site’). Released in early 2016, the site is designed to provide international students with a single platform through which they can access information regarding legal issues considered most relevant to them, such as tenancy, driving and employment. Website analytics have been obtained regarding the number of ‘hits’ on the site, together with a survey of international students who have been exposed to the legal information therein. This article includes key findings in relation to the development, distribution and effectiveness of this pilot project.