bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostik – Indikationen für CT und MRT bei Tibiaplateaufrakturen
Authors: Dust Tobias , Korthaus Alexander , Frosch Karl-Heinz , Krause Matthias 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungTibiaplateaufrakturen stellen im klinischen Alltag eine vergleichsweise seltene Verletzung dar. Aufgrund des heterogenen Patientenkollektivs, des divergierenden Traumamechanismus und der Vielzahl an möglichen weichteiligen Begleitverletzungen ist die adäquate Diagnostik und bedarfsgerechte Behandlung weiterhin eine große Herausforderung im klinischen Alltag. Neben der konventionellen Röntgenaufnahme in zwei Ebenen hat sich die Computertomographie (CT) mit zusätzlicher 3‑D-Rekonstruktion als probates und reliables diagnostisches Werkzeug im Alltag vieler Kliniken etabliert. Die so angefertigten Befunde zeigen dem Chirurgen mit hoher Genauigkeit die Frakturmorphologie und lassen Rückschlüsse auf Begleitverletzungen zu. Die Diagnostik der weichteiligen Begleitverletzungen erfolgt aktuell u. a. im Rahmen der klinischen Untersuchung, dem chirurgischen Befund sowie der intraoperativen Arthroskopie. Mit der Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) steht eine Technik zur Verfügung, welche die diagnostische Lücke zwischen der CT-Bildgebung und dem intraoperativen Befund schließen kann. Mit hoher Sensitivität kann eine adäquate präoperative Diagnostik der weichteiligen Begleitverletzungen erfolgen und so entscheidenden Einfluss nicht nur auf die Frakturklassifikation, sondern vor allem auf das operative Vorgehen nehmen. Neben der klinischen Verfügbarkeit und (noch) hohen Kosten im Vergleich zur CT stellt vor allem die fehlende Erfahrung mit präoperativ angefertigten MRT-Befunden eine große Herausforderung in der umfassenden Anwendung dieses diagnostischen Tools bei der Behandlung von Tibiaplateaufrakturen dar.
A systematic review of the effectiveness of cohorting to reduce transmission of healthcare-associatedC. difficileand multidrug-resistant organisms
Authors: Abad Cybele L. , Barker Anna K. , Safdar Nasia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground:Cohorting of patients and staff is a control strategy often used to prevent the spread of infection in healthcare institutions. However, a comprehensive evaluation of cohorting as a prevention approach is lacking.Methods:We performed a systematic review of studies that used cohorting as part of an infection control strategy to reduce hospital-acquired infections. We included studies published between 1966 and November 30, 2019, on adult populations hospitalized in acute-care hospitals.Results:In total, 87 studies met inclusion criteria. Study types were quasi-experimental “before and after” (n = 35), retrospective (n = 49), and prospective (n = 3). Case-control analysis was performed in 7 studies. Cohorting was performed with other infection control strategies in the setting of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA, n = 22),Clostridioides difficileinfection (CDI, n = 6), vancomycin-resistantEnterococcus(VRE, n = 17), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections (CRE, n = 22),A. baumannii(n = 15), and other gram-negative infections (n = 5). Cohorting was performed either simultaneously (56 of 87, 64.4%) or in phases (31 of 87, 35.6%) to help contain transmission. In 60 studies, both patients and staff were cohorted. Most studies (77 of 87, 88.5%) showed a decline in infection or colonization rates after a multifaceted approach that included cohorting as part of the intervention bundle. Hand hygiene compliance improved in approximately half of the studies (8 of 15) during the respective intervention.Conclusion:Cohorting of staff, patients, or both is a frequently used and reasonable component of an enhanced infection control strategy. However, determining the effectiveness of cohorting as a strategy to reduce transmission of MDRO andC. difficileinfections is difficult, particularly in endemic situations.
Fragmented evidence for the contribution of ex situ management to species conservation indicates the need for better reporting
Authors: Gant Jennifer R. , Mair Louise , McGowan Philip J. K. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Conserving species and achieving the Convention on Biological Diversity's international conservation targets necessitates stopping extinctions, recovering depleted populations and maintaining viable populations. The contribution of ex situ management to species conservation has long been debated, and there is limited information on ex situ management activities available in a format that allows success to be assessed. We therefore gathered information from three sources to explore cases in which ex situ management was considered to have had a positive conservation impact for terrestrial vertebrate species. We (1) reviewed the published literature, (2) examined for which taxa ex situ management had contributed to the downlisting of species on the IUCN Red List and (3) surveyed a global network of ex situ management practitioners. We found that ex situ management has contributed to improvements in conservation status for a range of vertebrate species. Ex situ management was reported as contributing to the downlisting of 18 species on the IUCN Red List over a 10-year period. Across sources, the most common role of ex situ management was the provision of individuals to increase population numbers in situ. The strength of evidence for the impact of ex situ management varied within and among sources. Therefore, for the role of ex situ activities in conservation to be understood fully, and for such interventions to reach their potential, documentation of intended and actual benefits needs to be improved. Better reporting of ex situ activities would enable improved learning, facilitating better targeting of ex situ activities to global species conservation goals.
Closing the gap: unmet needs of individuals with impulsive aggressive behavior observed in children and adolescents
Authors: Robb Adelaide S. , Connor Daniel F. , Amann Birgit H. , Vitiello Benedetto , Nasser Azmi , O’Neal Welton , Schwabe Stefan , Ceresoli-Borroni Gianpiera , Newcorn Jeffrey H. , Candler Shawn A. , Buitelaar Jan K. , Findling Robert L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractImpulsive aggressive (IA, or impulsive aggression) behavior describes an aggregate set of maladaptive, aggressive behaviors occurring across multiple neuropsychiatric disorders. IA is reactive, eruptive, sudden, and unplanned; it provides information about the severity, but not the nature, of its associated primary disorder. IA in children and adolescents is of serious clinical concern for patients, families, and physicians, given the detrimental impact pediatric IA can have on development. Currently, the ability to properly identify, monitor, and treat IA behavior across clinical populations is hindered by two major roadblocks: (1) the lack of an assessment tool designed for and sensitive to the set of behaviors comprising IA, and (2) the absence of a treatment indicated for IA symptomatology. In this review, we discuss the clinical gaps in the approach to monitoring and treating IA behavior, and highlight emerging solutions that may improve clinical outcomes in patients with IA.
Retirement plan wealth inequality: measurement and trends
Authors: Ghilarducci Teresa , Radpour Siavash , Webb Anthony 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUsing Health and Retirement Study data linked to summary plan descriptions and W-2s, this study reports trends in retirement wealth inequality of older employees 1992–2010. The study identifies and corrects methodological flaws in past research. Retirement wealth is highly unequally distributed; the top lifetime earnings quintile holds half of all retirement wealth, the bottom quintile, only 1%. The top earnings quintile fared better in 2010 than in 1992, whereas bottom-quintile earners fared worse. But retirement wealth inequality mainly reflects inequality within earnings quintiles, resulting from inadequate savings, not outsize accumulations. Systemic flaws reduce median retirement wealth by 84%
Compact UWB BPF with a notched band using a single perturbed HMSIW cavity
Authors: Qu Lili , Zhang Yonghong , Li Qun , Fan Yong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a notched band ultra-wideband bandpass filter using a single perturbed quint-mode half-mode substrate-integrated waveguide cavity. The cavity is perturbed by loading four stubs at two corners of the magnetic walls of the single cavity. The variable parameters of stubs are selected to move down the first five resonant modes to the predetermined passband during the design process. Meanwhile, microstrip lines with a transition structure located on two loaded stubs are employed to feed the resonator. Moreover, the filter also firstly designs a notched band by introducing a complementary split-ring resonator inside the cavity to mitigate potential interference signals at 8 GHz (satellite communication). Finally, a prototype filter was implemented and measured to verify.
Are Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors a Temporary Phenomenon in Early Adolescence?
Authors: van Vuuren Cornelia Leontine , van der Wal Marcel Franciscus , Cuijpers Pim , Chinapaw Mai Jeanette Maidy 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Background: The incidence of first suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) peaks during early adolescence. After experiencing their first STBs, adolescents differ greatly in the extent to which they continue to have STBs. Aim: We determined the course of STBs in Dutch students at two ages: 13–14 years ( t1) and 15–16 years ( t2). Methods: Longitudinal data on STBs and sociodemographic factors were collected by self-report ( n = 8,499). Associations between having STBs at t1 and t2 were determined with multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results: Students who reported suicidal thoughts at baseline ( n = 1,077; 13%) reported suicidal thoughts ( OR = 6.60; 95% CI [5.52, 7.88]) and suicidal attempts ( OR = 6.97; 95% CI [4.20, 11.54]) at t2 more often than students with no STBs at t1. Students who reported a suicidal attempt at baseline ( n = 144; 2%) also reported suicidal thoughts and suicidal attempts more often at t2 ( OR = 5.98; 95% CI [3.89, 9.21]; OR = 30.00; 95% CI [15.84, 56.82], respectively). Limitations: The use of confidential self-reported data and the loss of cases after merging could have biased the results. Conclusion: For a subgroup of adolescents, STBs persisted and worsened over the 2 years. This demonstrates the importance of accurate identification of those at increased risk of suicide, in combination with personalized care.
Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Anodal tDCS Effects on Verbal Episodic Memory
Authors: Bartl Gergely Janos , Blackshaw Emily , Crossman Margot , Allen Paul , Sandrini Marco 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. There is growing interest in the study of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, as an effective intervention to improve memory. In order to evaluate the relative efficacy of tDCS based on the location of anodal electrode sites, we conducted a systematic review examining the effect of stimulation applied during encoding on subsequent verbal episodic memory in healthy adults. We performed a network meta-analysis of 20 studies (23 experiments) with N = 978 participants. Left ventrolateral prefrontal and temporo-parietal sites appeared most likely to enhance episodic memory, although any significant effects were based on findings from single studies only. We did not find evidence for verbal retrieval enhancement of tDCS versus sham stimulation where the effect was based on more than one experimental paper. More frequent replication efforts and stricter reporting standards may improve the quality of evidence and allow more precise estimation of population-level effects of tDCS.
Effect of Subsurface Microseisms on the Motion of Dispersed Droplets in Pores
Authors: Zeng Chao , Deng Wen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHuman‐induced seismicity has drawn substantial attention in recent years. The effect of seismicity on subsurface structures has been studied extensively. However, the effect of seismicity, especially microseismicity, on surrounding immiscible fluids is rarely investigated. In porous media with two or more immiscible fluids, different amplitudes of vibration induced by seismicity have distinct effects on the dynamic behavior of the fluids. Three types of pore‐scale models are prevalent for analyzing the motion of immiscible droplets. The underlying assumptions and accuracy of these models are compared in this study in both the frequency and time domains. The frequency domain analysis shows that resonance can be addressed in all three of the models; the frequency response curves, however, present significant differences, which are attributed to the missing physics considered in some models. Time domain analysis is performed in both small‐amplitude and large‐amplitude oscillation. The nonlinearity in large‐amplitude oscillation is attributed to the constricted geometry of the capillary tube. Although the term “large‐amplitude” is used in this study, the corresponding amplitude is still within the amplitude range of microseisms. The momentum balance model is identified as the most accurate oscillatory model so far in comparison with computational fluid dynamics simulations. In addition, the potential approach to incorporate this pore‐scale model in seismic wave attenuation analysis is found to be possible. The frequency correction function and structural factor are calculated to embed the momentum balance model into Biot's poroelastic model. The resonance of the dispersed phase can also be addressed theoretically in porous media of random packed spheres.
Saturable plasmonic metasurfaces for laser mode locking
Authors: Wang Jiyong , Coillet Aurelien , Demichel Olivier , Wang Zhiqiang , Rego Davi , Bouhelier Alexandre , Grelu Philippe , Cluzel Benoit 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMetamaterials are artificial materials made of subwavelength elementary cells that give rise to unexpected wave properties that do not exist naturally. However, these properties are generally achieved due to 3D patterning, which is hardly feasible at short wavelengths in the visible and near-infrared regions targeted by most photonic applications. To overcome this limitation, metasurfaces, which are the 2D counterparts of metamaterials, have emerged as promising platforms that are compatible with planar nanotechnologies and thus mass production, which platforms the properties of a metamaterial into a 2D sheet. In the linear regime, wavefront manipulation for lensing, holography, and polarization control has been achieved recently. Interest in metasurfaces operating in the nonlinear regime has also increased due to the ability of metasurfaces to efficiently convert incident light into harmonic frequencies with unusual polarization properties. However, to date, the nonlinear absorption of metasurfaces has been mostly ignored. Here, we demonstrate that plasmonic metasurfaces behave as saturable absorbers with modulation performances superior to the modulation performance of other 2D materials and exhibit unusual polarimetric nonlinear transfer functions. We quantify the link between saturable absorption, the plasmonic resonances of the unit cell and their distribution in a 2D metasurface, and finally provide a practical implementation by integrating the metasurfaces into a fiber laser cavity operating in pulsed regimes driven by the metasurface properties. As such, this work provides new perspectives on ultrathin nonlinear saturable absorbers for applications where tunable nonlinear transfer functions are needed, such as in ultrafast lasers or neuromorphic circuits.
A 14 nucleotide deletion mutation in the coding region of the PpBBX24 gene is associated with the red skin of “Zaosu Red” pear (Pyrus pyrifolia White Pear Group): a deletion in the PpBBX24 gene is associated with the red skin of pear
Authors: Ou Chunqing , Zhang Xiaoli , Wang Fei , Zhang Liyi , Zhang Yanjie , Fang Ming , Wang Jiahong , Wang Jixun , Jiang Shuling , Zhang Zhihong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRed skin is an important quality trait for pear fruits and is determined by the concentration and composition of anthocyanins. The regulatory mechanism underlying anthocyanin accumulation is a popular topic in fruit research. Red mutants are ideal materials for studying the molecular mechanism of color diversity in pear. Although several red pear mutants have been cultivated and are in production, no exact locus containing the responsible genetic mutation has been identified. In this study, by combining the bulked segregant analysis with whole-genome sequencing, we identified a 14 nucleotide deletion mutation in the coding region of thePpBBX24gene from the red pear mutant “Zaosu Red”. We further verified that the deletion was present only in the red mutant of “Zaosu” and in its red offspring, which was different from that which occurred in other red pear fruits. This deletion results in a coding frame shift such that there is an early termination of thePpBBX24gene and loss of key NLS and VP domains from PpBBX24. The lost domains may reduce or alter the normal function of PpBBX24. In addition, we found that the transcript levels of thePpMYB10andPpHY5genes in red samples were significantly higher than those in green samples, whereas the results for the normal-typePpBBX24gene were the opposite. We ultimately revealed that the 14 nucleotide deletion mutation in the coding region of thePpBBX24gene is associated with the red skin of the “Zaosu Red” pear. This finding of somatic mutational events will be helpful for breeding new red pear cultivars and for understanding the regulatory mechanisms involved in pear skin pigmentation.
Chromosome doubling mediates superior drought tolerance in Lycium ruthenicum via abscisic acid signaling
Authors: Rao Shupei , Tian Yuru , Xia Xinli , Li Yue , Chen Jinhuan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPlants are continuously affected by unfavorable external stimuli, which influences their productivity and growth. Differences in gene composition and expression patterns lead homologous polyploid plants to exhibit different physiological phenomena, among which enhanced environmental adaptability is a powerful phenotype conferred by polyploidization. The mechanisms underlying the differences in stress tolerance between diploids and autotetraploids at the molecular level remain unclear. In this research, a full-length transcription profile obtained via the single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing of high-quality single RNA molecules for use as background was combined with next-generation transcriptome and proteome technologies to probe the variation in the molecular mechanisms of autotetraploids. Tetraploids exhibited an increase in ABA content of 78.4% under natural conditions and a superior stress-resistance phenotype under severe drought stress compared with diploids. The substantial differences in the transcriptome profiles observed between diploids and autotetraploids under normal growth conditions were mainly related to ABA biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways, and 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 1 (NCED1) and NCED2, which encode key synthetic enzymes, were significantly upregulated. The increased expression of the ABRE-binding factor 5-like (ABF5-like) gene was a pivotal factor in promoting the activation of the ABA signaling pathway and downstream target genes. In addition, ABA strongly induced the expression of osmotic proteins to increase the stress tolerance of the plants at the translational level. We consider the intrinsic mechanisms by which ABA affects drought resistance in tetraploids and diploids to understand the physiological and molecular mechanisms that enhance abiotic stress tolerance in polyploid plants.
Lipidomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals reallocation of carbon flux from cuticular wax into plastid membrane lipids in a glossy “Newhall” navel orange mutant
Authors: Wan Haoliang , Liu Hongbo , Zhang Jingyu , Lyu Yi , Li Zhuoran , He Yizhong , Zhang Xiaoliang , Deng Xiuxin , Brotman Yariv , Fernie Alisdair R. , Cheng Yunjiang , Wen Weiwei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBoth cuticle and membrane lipids play essential roles in quality maintenance and disease resistance in fresh fruits. Many reports have indicated the modification of alternative branch pathways in epicuticular wax mutants; however, the specific alterations concerning lipids have not been clarified thus far. Here, we conducted a comprehensive, time-resolved lipidomic, and transcriptomic analysis on the “Newhall” navel orange (WT) and its glossy mutant (MT) “Gannan No. 1”. The results revealed severely suppressed wax formation accompanied by significantly elevated production of 36-carbon plastid lipids with increasing fruit maturation in MT. Transcriptomics analysis further identified a series of key functional enzymes and transcription factors putatively involved in the biosynthesis pathways of wax and membrane lipids. Moreover, the high accumulation of jasmonic acid (JA) in MT was possibly due to the need to maintain plastid lipid homeostasis, as the expression levels of two significantly upregulated lipases (CsDAD1 and CsDALL2) were positively correlated with plastid lipids and characterized to hydrolyze plastid lipids to increase the JA content. Our results will provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the natural variation of plant lipids to lay a foundation for the quality improvement of citrus fruit.
CsWAKL08, a pathogen-induced wall-associated receptor-like kinase in sweet orange, confers resistance to citrus bacterial canker via ROS control and JA signaling
Authors: Li Qiang , Hu Anhua , Qi Jingjing , Dou Wanfu , Qin Xiujuan , Zou Xiuping , Xu Lanzhen , Chen Shanchun , He Yongrui 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCitrus bacterial canker (CBC) is a disease resulting from Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) infection and poses a grave threat to citrus production worldwide. Wall-associated receptor-like kinases (WAKLs) are proteins with a central role in resisting a range of fungal and bacterial diseases. The roles of WAKLs in the context of CBC resistance, however, remain unclear. Here, we explored the role of CsWAKL08, which confers resistance to CBC, and we additionally analyzed the molecular mechanisms of CsWAKL08-mediated CBC resistance. Based on systematic annotation and induced expression analysis of the CsWAKL family in Citrus sinensis, CsWAKL08 was identified as a candidate that can be upregulated by Xcc infection in the CBC-resistant variety. CsWAKL08 can also be induced by the phytohormones salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA) and spans the plasma membrane. Overexpression of CsWAKL08 resulted in strong CBC resistance in transgenic sweet oranges, whereas silencing of CsWAKL08 resulted in susceptibility to CBC. The peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were significantly enhanced in the CsWAKL08-overexpressing plants compared to the control plants, thereby mediating reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis in the transgenic plants. Moreover, the JA levels and the expression of JA biosynthesis and JA responsive genes were substantially elevated in the CsWAKL08 overexpression plants relative to the controls upon Xcc infection. Based on these findings, we conclude that the wall-associated receptor-like kinase CsWAKL08 positively regulates CBC resistance through a mechanism involving ROS control and JA signaling. These results further highlight the importance of this kinase family in plant pathogen resistance.