bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Is an Observation Stay? Evaluating the Use of Hospital Observation Stays in Medicare
Authors: Powell W. Ryan , Kaiksow Farah A. , Kind Amy J. H. , Sheehy Ann M. 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESObservation stays are increasingly common for older adults, yet little is known about the extent to which they are being used as the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) originally intended for unscheduled or acute problems and whether different types of services are reflected in current billing practices.DESIGNObservational cohort study.SETTING/PARTICIPANTSA total of 867,165 qualifying observation stays identified from 451,408 patients using Medicare fee‐for‐service claims data from a nationally representative 20% beneficiary sample between January 1, 2014, and November 30, 2014.MEASUREMENTSUsing descriptive and multivariable logistic model analytic approaches, we evaluated the patient, stay, and hospital characteristics associated with the most common billing practice for observation stays (charge revenue center 0761 exclusively) vs all other practices.RESULTSSixty‐three percent of observation stays were billed exclusively under the 0761 revenue center and were more likely to be for preplanned chronic conditions consisting of short‐term treatments (eg, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, wound care, paracentesis, epidural spinal injection). These stays appeared to be used for recurrent single‐day visits, given their strong association with prior visits and a high rate of reobservation (41.4%), with frequent return stays appearing in a 7‐day pattern.CONCLUSIONNearly two‐thirds of observation stays are billed using only the 0761 revenue code and appear to be for prescheduled, repeated treatments—differing substantially from CMSʼ explicitly stated purpose as a form of care used while a healthcare provider determines whether a patient presenting for unscheduled or acute conditions requires inpatient hospital admission or can be safely discharged. Guidance is needed from CMS to clarify the appropriate role of observation stays, with discussion as to whether episodic single‐day, planned treatment for chronic conditions not originating in the emergency department should be billed as observation stays or placed under another mechanism. Subsequent research is needed to understand how the current use of observation stays impact patient out‐of‐pocket costs. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1568‐1572, 2020.
Classification of childhood medulloblastoma into WHO‐defined multiple subtypes based on textural analysis
Authors: DAS DAISY , MAHANTA LIPI B. , AHMED SHABNAM , BAISHYA BASANTA K. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryChildhood medulloblastoma is a case of a childhood brain tumour that requires close attention due to the low survival rate. Effective prognosis depends a lot on accurate detection of its subtype. The present study proposes a texture‐based computer‐aided categorization of childhood medulloblastoma samples. According to the World Health Organization, it has four subtypes (desmoplastic, classic, nodular and large). Classification is done in two levels: (i) normal and abnormal and (ii) its four subtypes. The system is evaluated on indigenous patient samples collected from the region. The main objective of database generation is to create a data set of childhood medulloblastoma samples since there exists no available benchmark data set. The proposed framework for automated classification is based on the architectural property and the distribution of cells. Five texture features were extracted for the feature set, namely: grey‐level co‐occurrence matrix, grey‐level run length matrix, first‐order histogram features, local binary pattern and Tamura features. The performance of each feature set was evaluated, both individually and in combinations, using five different classifiers. Fivefold cross‐validation was used for training and testing the data set. Experiments on both individual feature sets and combinations (best‐2, best‐3, best‐4 and all‐5) of feature sets were evaluated based on the accuracy of performance. It was revealed that the combined best‐4 feature set resulted in the highest accuracy of 91.3%. The precision, recall and specificity were 0.913, 0.913 and 0.97, respectively. Significantly, it implied that the all‐5 feature set is not necessary to have a useful classification. Feature reduction by principal component analysis resulted in increased accuracy of 96.7%.Lay descriptionChildhood medulloblastoma is a case of childhood brain tumour that requires high attention due to a low survival rate. Effective prognosis depends a lot on accurate detection of its subtype. The present study proposes a texture‐based computer‐aided categorization of childhood medulloblastoma samples. According to the World Health Organization (W.H.O), it has four subtypes (desmoplastic, classic, nodular, and large). Classification is done in two levels: i) normal and abnormal ii) its four subtypes. The system is evaluated on indigenous patient samples collected from the region. The main objective of database generation is to create a data set of childhood medulloblastoma samples since there exists no available benchmark data set. The proposed framework is a model for the automatic classification of the samples. The tissue samples obtained post‐operation by doctors are converted into images, and then necessary algorithms are applied so that certain features describing each group of the image are known and studied for classification. Later these images are classified using the image features into the subtypes of abnormal samples.
Are Literary Languages Artificial? The Case of the Aramaic of the Zohar
Authors: Bar-Asher Siegal Elitzur A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Few studies have focused on the Aramaic of the Zohar, and to this day, only one of these presents a completed grammatical analysis. Scholars have dealt at large, however, with the question of whether the Aramaic of the Zohar is artificial or not. I briefly review the history of the literature around this question, then propose my own criteria to examine whether a language of a given text is indeed artificial. Finally, I put this methodology into practice, as I investigate the nature of Zoharic Aramaic by examining specific linguistic phenomena in the relevant corpus.
The Reform of the Hirmologion by the Russian Old Ritualists
Authors: Andreev Aleksandr 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the author presents new evidence for the reform of notated manuscripts undertaken by the Russian Old Ritualists (Old Believers) in the second half of the 17th century. The reform was independent of, though contemporaneous with the reform of notated manuscripts undertaken by those who agreed with the liturgical reforms of Patriarch Nikon. The author shows that the purpose of the Old Ritualist reform was to align the text of the notated Hirmologion with the grammatical rules codified in the Grammar of Meletii Smotritskii, as republished in Moscow in 1648, and with the text of the non-notated liturgical books printed at the Moscow Print Yard prior to the tenure of Patriarch Nikon.
Life situation and support during pregnancy among Thai expectant mothers with depressive symptoms and their partners: a qualitative study
Authors: Phoosuwan Nitikorn , Manasatchakun Pornpun , Eriksson Leif , Lundberg Pranee C. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Expectant parents may have positive and negative emotions during pregnancy and receive support from different sources. Studies on life situation and support among couples have rarely been conducted. This study aims to explore life situation and support during pregnancy among expectant mothers with depressive symptoms and their partners.

Methods
Twenty-seven expectant mothers, in the last trimester of pregnancy with depressive symptoms (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score ≥ 7) from seven public antenatal care clinics in Sakonnakhon, a north-eastern province of Thailand, and their partners were interviewed. In total, 54 semi-structured interviews were subjected to content analysis.

Results
Four categories emerged: (1) Having obstacles in life, (2) Facing life transition, (3) Enhancing confidence, and (4) Dissatisfaction with support. The informants described obstacles regarding economy, fear of health problems, getting an abnormal child and partners’ behaviours. They received support from family members and social networks, but some were dissatisfied with the support from the healthcare. For example, expectant fathers wished to receive more health information and be more involved.

Conclusions
Healthcare professionals should be aware of the influence of cultural and contextual factors when providing antenatal care to expectant parents. Male involvement in the care must not be neglected.
Prevalence and risk factors of postoperative delirium after spinal surgery: a meta-analysis
Authors: Gao Hua , Ma Hui-Juan , Li Ying-Jia , Yin Ci , Li Zheng 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective
Postoperative delirium (POD) was common after spinal surgery, but the main findings in previous studies remained conflicting. This current meta-analysis was aimed at exploring the prevalence and risk factors of POD after spinal surgery.

Methods
PubMed and Embase were searched from inception to June 2019. Studies which reported the prevalence and risk factors of POD after spinal surgery were included. STATA version 12.0 was employed to analyze the pooled data. Statistical heterogeneity across included studies was identified using the I2 statistics.

Results
A total of 28 studies with 588,732 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of POD after spinal surgery was 0.85% (95%CI, 0.83–0.88%) with substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 97.3%). The central nervous system disorder (OR 4.73; 95%CI, 4.30–5.19) was a strong predictor for POD, whereas age (OR 1.16; 95%CI, 1.05–2.47; I2 = 99.2%) and blood loss (OR 1.10; 95%CI, 1.01–1.20; I2 = 93.3%) were weaker predictors. The funnel plot and statistical tests suggested that there existed potential publication bias, but the trim and fill method indicated that the pooled prevalence basically kept stable after adding two “missing” studies.

Conclusions
The pooled POD after spinal surgery ranges from 0.83 to 0.88%. The central nervous system disorder, age, and blood loss were potential risk factors for POD.
Neuroprotective effects of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, a slow-release sulfide donor, in a rodent model of regional stroke
Authors: Mendonça Bruna Pescador , Cardoso Juliano Dos Santos , Michels Monique , Vieira Ana Carolina , Wendhausen Diogo , Manfredini Andressa , Singer Mervyn , Dal-Pizzol Felipe , Dyson Alex 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundSeveral therapeutic strategies to rescue the brain from ischemic injury have improved outcomes after stroke; however, there is no treatment as yet for reperfusion injury, the secondary damage caused by necessary revascularization. Recently we characterized ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (ATTM), a drug used as a copper chelator over many decades in humans, as a new class of sulfide donor that shows efficacy in preclinical injury models. We hypothesized that ATTM could confer neuroprotection in a relevant rodent model of regional stroke.Methods and resultsBrain ischemia was induced by transient (90-min) middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in anesthetized Wistar rats. To mimic a clinical scenario, ATTM (or saline) was administered intravenously just prior to reperfusion. At 24 h or 7 days post-reperfusion, rats were assessed using functional (rotarod test, spontaneous locomotor activity), histological (infarct size), and molecular (anti-oxidant enzyme capacity, oxidative damage, and inflammation) outcome measurements. ATTM-treated animals showed improved functional activity at both 24 h and 7-days post-reperfusion, in parallel with a significant reduction in infarct size. These effects were additionally associated with increased brain antioxidant enzyme capacity, decreased oxidative damage, and a late (7-day) effect on pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and nitric oxide products.ConclusionATTM confers significant neuroprotection that, along with its known safety profile in humans, provides encouragement for its development as a novel adjunct therapy for revascularization following stroke.
Artificial neural network to guide intracorneal ring segments implantation for keratoconus treatment: a pilot study
Authors: Fariselli Chiara , Vega-Estrada Alfredo , Arnalich-Montiel Francisco , Alio Jorge L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo analyze the clinical results of an artificial neural network (ANN) that has been processed in order to improve the predictability of intracorneal ring segments (ICRS) implantation in keratoconus.MethodsThis retrospective, comparative, nonrandomized, pilot, clinical study included a cohort of 20 keratoconic eyes implanted with intracorneal ring segments KeraRing (Mediphacos, Belo Horizonte, Brazil) using the ANN (ANN group) and 20 keratoconic eyes implanted with KeraRing using the manufacturer’s nomograms (nomogram group). Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) (visual acuity is expressed in decimal value and in LogMAR value in brackets), manifest refraction, corneal topography, tomography, aberrometry, pachymetry and volume analysis (Sirius System. CSO, Firenze, Italy) were performed during the preoperative visit; and the two groups, ANN group and nomogram group, did not differ significantly preoperatively in all of the parameters evaluated. These preoperative values were compared with the results obtained at the third-month visit. Mann-Whitney test and Wilcoxon test were used for the statistical analyses.ResultsThe spherical equivalent and the keratometric values decreased significantly in both groups. The CDVA improved from 0.60 ± 0.23 (0.22 LogMAR) pre-operatively to 0.73 ± 0.21 (0.14 LogMAR) post-operatively in the ANN group (p < 0.005), and from 0.54 ± 0.19 (0.27 LogMAR) pre-operatively to 0.62 ± 0.19 (0.21 LogMAR) post-operatively in the nomogram group (p < 0.01), with statistically significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.05), being better in the ANN group. Coma-like aberrations decreased significantly in the ANN group, while in the nomogram group they did not change significantly, but no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups.ConclusionsANN to guide ICRS provides an increase in the visual acuity, reduction in the spherical equivalent and improvement in the optical quality of keratoconus patients. ANN gives better results when compared with the manufacturer’s nomograms in terms of better corrected vision and reduction of the coma-like aberrations. The constant inclusion of new cases will make the predictability of ANN increasingly better as the software finetunes its learning.
Hiroshi Ishiguro: Android science and 'upstream engagement'
Authors: Sone Yuji 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This article discusses Hiroshi Ishiguro, a Japanese celebrity roboticist internationally acclaimed for his creation of androids. While his anthropomorphic machines are intended as models for future human-like robots, participating in work and domestic contexts, Ishiguro also regards them as experimental tools for investigations into questions of human identity. Beyond engineering challenges, he is not afraid to ask philosophical questions, such as 'what is the human?' Ishiguro has even had facial plastic surgery to match the appearance of his robot double, Geminoid HI-1. He has been described as the bad boy of Japanese robotics, an eccentric genius who is recognized as such in Japan, and overseas. While Ishiguro conducts scientific experiments, he has also deployed his anthropomorphic robots in popular entertainment contexts such as film, television, theatre and in museum exhibitions. Although Ishiguro's androids have almost always been included in mainstream western journalism's coverage concerning the development of next-generation robots in Japan, his anthropomorphic machines are often shown along with a photo of Ishiguro in his trademark black clothing, and described as 'freaky' and 'creepy'. I argue that Ishiguro's presentation feeds the western fascination with Japanese robot technology. This article examines the relationship between Ishiguro's larger-than-life public persona and his philosophy concerning his work as a kind of storytelling and upstream engagement in the context of robotic science.
PENGARUH TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN, PELATIHAN DAN PENGALAMAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN
Authors: Hitalessy Veronica , Roni Hamda , Iswandi Ismi 
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana tingkat pendidikan, pelatihan dan pengalaman kerja karyawan di bagian garmen PT Seikou Seat Cover, serta mengetahui dan menganalisa bagaimana pengaruh tingkat pendidikan, pelatihan dan pengalaman kerja karyawan di bagian garmen PT Seikou Seat Cover. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif\. Hasil analisis verifikatif dari penelitian ini meyatakan bahwa R ( Koefisien Korelasi ) sebesar 0.518 atau 51.8%, hal ini menunjukan bahwa terjadi hubungan dalam kondisi sedang antara tingkat pendidikan, pelatihan dan pengalaman kerja dengan kinerja dan hasil analisis koefisiensi determinasi (R2) menunjukan bahwa prosentase sumbangan pengaruh variabel independen yaitu pendidikan, pelatihan dan pengalaman kerja terhadap variabel dependen yaitu kinerja adalah sebesar 26,8%.
BUDAYA ORGANISASI DALAM MENDUKUNG IMPLEMENTASI KNOWLEDGE SHARING DOSEN PADA PERGURUAN TINGGI NEGERI DI KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Islamy Fahmi Jahidah , Nurjaman Risris 
Published: April 2020

Knowledge based view (KBV) merupakan eksistensi baru dari pandangan sumber daya parusahaan dan memberikan teoritis yang kuat dalam mendukung intellectual capital. Knowledge management (KM) hadir dengan konsep untuk dapat mengelola intellectual capital dalam organisasi. Praktik dan pengembangan implementasi KM dalam organisasi terus mengalami peningkatan. Knowledge sharing merupakan salah satu proses inti dalam KM serta berkaitan erat dengan dunia kerja seorang dosen. Keberhasilan implementasi knowledge sharing harus didukung oleh budaya organisasi yang senantiasa mempengaruhi steiap praktik tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor budaya organisasi yang dapat mendukung implementasi knowledge sharing dosen pada Perguruan Tinggi Negeri (PTN) di Bandung. Dalam penelitian ini metode yang digunakan adalah studi kausal dan teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah probability sampling. Sampel yang diambil adalah dosen tetap PTN di Bandung. Jumlah sampel adalah 119 dosen. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis jalur (path analysis). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa budaya organisasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap implementasi knowledge sharing.
PENGARUH STRUKTURAL ANALITIK SINTETIK TERGADAP PENINGKATAN MEMBACA PERMULAAN ANAK CEREBRAL PALSY
Authors: Munandar Ana , Sutisna Nia 
Published: April 2020

AbstrakMMembaca permulaan merupakan kemampuan paling dasar dan penting untuk mempelajari simbol atau kode yang memiliki makna serta dapat diterjemahkan dalam bunyi atau suara. Komponen membaca permulaan yaitu membaca huruf, suku kata, kata dan kalimat sederhana. Membaca sangat penting untuk setiap orang, begitu juga anak berkebutuhan khusus. Cerebral Palsy adalah individu yang mengalami kerusakan otak menetap yang berdampak pada mobilisasi, gerak, komunikasi, dan lain sebagainya. Metode yang digunakan oleh guru di sekolah kurang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan membaca permulaan. Oleh karena itu, subjek memerlukan metode pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan membaca permulaannya. Salah satunya yaitu metode pembelajaran Strukrural Analitik Sintetik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pembelajaran ini untuk melihat pengaruh kepada kemampuan membaca permulaan pada subjek. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, eksperimen Single Subject Research dengan desain A-B-A. Jumlah sesi pada A1 tiga sesi, B tujuh sesi, dan A2 tiga sesi. Subjek penelitian ini yaitu anak cerebral palsy spastik yang mengalami hambatan kecerdasan kelas IX SMPLB. etiap sesinya anak memperoleh rata-rata nilai A1 yaitu 59,06%, B 74,80%, dan A2 84,25%. Kesimpulannya metode struktural analitik sintetik dapat berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan kemampuan membaca permulaan. AbstractPre-reading is the most basic and important ability to learn symbols or codes that have meaning and can be translated in sounds or sounds. The component of pre-reading is reading letters, syllables, words and simple sentences. Reading is very important for everyone, so are children with special needs. Cerebral Palsy is an individual who has permanent brain damage that affects mobilization, movement, communication, and so forth. The method used by teachers in schools is less able to improve pre-reading skills. Therefore, the subject requires learning methods that can improve the ability to read the beginning. One of them is the synthetic analytical structural learning method. This study uses this learning method to see the effect on early reading skills on the subject. The research method uses a quantitative approach, a single subject research experiment with A-B-A design. The number of sessions at A1 is three sessions, B is seven sessions, and A2 is three sessions. The subjects of this study are spastic cerebral palsy children who have intelligence problems in class IX SMPLB. for each session the children obtained an average A1 value of 59.06%, B 74.80%, and A2 84.25%. In conclusion, synthetic analytic structural methods can have a significant effect on improving early reading skills.