bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upper-Ocean Response to Precipitation Forcing in an Ocean Model Hindcast of Hurricane Gonzalo
Authors: Steffen John , Bourassa Mark 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPreexisting, oceanic barrier layers have been shown to limit turbulent mixing and suppress mixed layer cooling during the forced stage of a tropical cyclone (TC). Furthermore, an understanding of barrier layer evolution during TC passage is mostly unexplored. High precipitation rates within TCs provide a large freshwater flux to the surface that alters upper-ocean stratification and can act as a potential mechanism to strengthen the barrier layer. Ocean glider observations from the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS) indicate that a strong barrier layer developed during the approach and passage of Hurricane Gonzalo (2014), primarily as a result of freshening within the upper 30 m of the ocean. Therefore, an ocean model case study of Hurricane Gonzalo has been designed to investigate how precipitation affects upper-ocean stratification and sea surface temperature (SST) cooling during TC passage. Ocean model hindcasts of Hurricane Gonzalo characterize the upper-ocean response to TC precipitation forcing. Three different vertical mixing parameterizations are tested to determine their sensitivity to precipitation forcing. For all turbulent mixing schemes, TC precipitation produces near-surface freshening of about 0.3 psu, which is consistent with previous studies and in situ ocean observations. The influence of precipitation-induced changes to the SST response is more complicated, but generally modifies SSTs by ±0.3°C. Precipitation forcing creates a dynamical coupling between upper-ocean stratification and current shear that is largely responsible for the heterogeneous response in modeled SSTs.
The Track and Accompanying Sea Wave Forecasts of the Supertyphoon Mangkhut (2018) by a Real-Time Regional Forecast System
Authors: Zhu Yuhang , Li Yineng , Peng Shiqiu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe track and accompanying sea wave forecasts of Typhoon Mangkhut (2018) by a real-time regional forecasting system are assessed in this study. The real-time regional forecasting system shows a good track forecast skill with a mean error of 69.9 km for the forecast period of 1–72 h. In particular, it predicted well the landfall location on the coastal island of South China with distance (time) biases of 76.89 km (3 h) averaging over all forecasting made during 1–72 h and only 3.55 km (1 h) for the forecasting initialized 27 h ahead of the landfall. The sea waves induced by Mangkhut (2018) were also predicted well by the wave model of the forecasting system with a mean error of 0.54 m and a mean correlation coefficient up to 0.94 for significant wave height. Results from sensitivity experiments show that the improvement of track forecasting skill for Mangkhut (2018) are mainly attributed to application of a scale-selective data assimilation scheme in the atmosphere model that helps to maintain a more realistic large-scale flow obtained from the GFS forecasts, whereas the air–sea coupling has slightly negative impact on the track forecast skill.
Skill of Global Raw and Postprocessed Ensemble Predictions of Rainfall in the Tropics
Authors: Vogel Peter , Knippertz Peter , Fink Andreas H. , Schlueter Andreas , Gneiting Tilmann 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPrecipitation forecasts are of large societal value in the tropics. Here, we compare 1–5-day ensemble predictions from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF, 2009–17) and the Meteorological Service of Canada (MSC, 2009–16) over 30°S–30°N with an extended probabilistic climatology based on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission 3 B42 gridded dataset. Both models predict rainfall occurrence better than the reference only over about half of all land points, with a better performance by MSC. After applying the postprocessing technique ensemble model output statistics, this fraction increases to 87% (ECMWF) and 82% (MSC). For rainfall amount there is skill in many tropical areas (about 60% of land points), which can be increased by postprocessing to 97% (ECMWF) and 88% (MSC). Forecasts for extremes (>20 mm) are only marginally worse than those of occurrence but do not improve as much through postprocessing, particularly over dry areas. Forecast performance is generally best over arid Australia and worst over oceanic deserts, the Andes and Himalayas, as well as over tropical Africa, where models misrepresent the high degree of convective organization, such that even postprocessed forecasts are hardly better than climatology. Skill of 5-day accumulated forecasts often exceeds that of shorter ranges, as timing errors matter less. An increase in resolution and major model update in 2010 has significantly improved ECMWF predictions. Especially over tropical Africa new techniques such as convection-permitting models or combined statistical-dynamical forecasts may be needed to generate skill beyond the climatological reference.
Critical Thinking Performance Increases in Psychology Undergraduates Measured Using a Workplace-Recognized Test
Authors: Prat-Sala Merce , van Duuren Mike 
Published: September 2020

Background: Higher education institutions and universities aim to provide students with a range of transferable skills that enable them to become more thoughtful and effective employees, citizens, and consumers. One of these skills is critical thinking. Objective: The aim of the present research was to examine whether taking a psychology degree is concomitant with students’ increase in critical thinking skills when students are not explicitly taught critical thinking. Method: Study 1 utilized a cross-sectional design and Study 2 a longitudinal design. The Watson and Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA, UK) was used to measure critical thinking. Results: For both studies, the overall scores of WGCTA, as well as scores of the subtest of Recognition of Assumptions, were significantly higher for final-year than for first-year students. Conclusion: From the findings, we conclude that the levels of critical thinking by final-year psychology students may be enhanced. Teaching implications: We propose that teaching other aspects of critical thinking such as Evaluation of Arguments and Interpretation, as measured by this test, could be beneficial in further developing psychology students’ overall critical thinking performance.
Role of the Hippo signaling pathway in safflower yellow pigment treatment of paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Li Hai , Kan Baotian , Song Lingli , Liu Yufa , Jian Xiangdong 
Published: September 2020

Objective To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which safflower yellow (SY) mediates therapeutic effects in rats with paraquat intoxication-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Methods Rats received combinations of paraquat, SY, and SB431542, a transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 receptor antagonist. Survival over 28 days was assessed by Kaplan–Meier analysis. Rat tissue and serum samples were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson’s Trichrome staining, immunoblotting, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and transmission electron microscopy. Results Survival rates were higher in SY and SB431542 groups (treatment and paraquat) than in the exposure group (paraquat alone). In the exposure group, serum TGF-β1 levels increased between days 3 and 14; mammalian STE20-like (MST) levels increased between days 3 and 7; TGF-β1 and Smad3 levels increased between days 3 and 14; and Yap and connective tissue growth factor levels increased between days 3 and 28. TGF-β1 levels were lower in SY and SB431542 groups than in the exposure group. Pathology scores were higher in exposure, SY, and SB431542 groups than in the control group throughout the experiment. Conclusions In rats with paraquat intoxication-induced pulmonary fibrosis, Hippo signaling could be activated by the MST-Yap pathway; SY and SB431542 could alleviate pulmonary fibrosis via Hippo signaling.
Long noncoding RNA MCM3AP antisense RNA 1 is downregulated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and regulates human bronchial smooth muscle cell proliferation
Authors: Zhao Kaishun , Tu Chunlin , Liang Kaiyi , Li Ying , Yu Yanfang 
Published: September 2020

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the involvement of MCM3AP antisense RNA 1 (MCM3AP-AS1) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods The expression levels of plasma MCM3AP-AS1 in COPD patients and healthy controls were measured by quantitative PCR before treatment and at 3 months after the initiation of treatment (post-treatment) from COPD patients. The role of MCM3AP-AS1 in regulating the proliferation of human bronchial smooth muscle cells (HBSMCs) was explored by a cell proliferation assay. Results We found that MCM3AP-AS1 expression was downregulated in the plasma of COPD patients compared with controls. Among controls, MCM3AP-AS1 expression was lower in smokers than never-smokers. A 3-year follow-up study showed that, among smokers, patients with low MCM3AP-AS1 expression showed a higher incidence of COPD. After treatment for COPD, MCM3AP-AS1 expression significantly increased. The cell proliferation assay showed that MCM3AP-AS1 overexpression decreased the proliferation rate of HBSMCs. MCM3AP-AS1 silencing had the opposite effect. Conclusions MCM3AP-AS1 appears to be downregulated in COPD and to predict its occurrence. MCM3AP-AS1 regulates the proliferation of HBSMCs to participate in airway remodeling.
Association of −344C/T polymorphism in the aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) gene with cardiac and cerebrovascular events in Chinese patients with hypertension
Authors: Wang Lili , Zhang Zhi , Liu Dongxia , Yuan Kexin , Zhu Guohua , Qi Xiaoyong 
Published: September 2020

Objective Several recent studies have shown that the aldosterone synthase gene ( CYP11B2) −344C/T polymorphism is related to cardiovascular diseases. However, whether the −344C allele influences the incidence of cardiovascular diseases in Chinese patients with hypertension is unclear. Methods Chinese patients with essential hypertension were genotyped for the −344C/T polymorphism in CYP11B2 (n = 755; CC, n = 112; CT, n = 361; TT, n = 282) and followed for 11 years for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), including stroke, onset of coronary artery disease (CAD), and CAD-related death. Established cardiovascular risk factors were used to adjust the multivariate Cox analysis. Results After a mean follow-up period of 7.60 ± 1.12 years, a significantly higher incidence of MACEs was seen in patients with the CC genotype than in those with the CT and TT genotypes. The CC variant was significantly and independently predictive of MACEs (hazard ratio = 2.049), CAD (hazard ratio = 1.754), and stroke (hazard ratio = 2.588), but not CAD-related stroke or death. Conclusion The CYP11B2 −344 CC genotype is a risk factor for CAD and stroke, independent of other established cardiovascular risk factors in Chinese patients with hypertension.
Changes in global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in oral mucosa according to tobacco smoke exposure
Authors: Avram Gabriela-Emilia , Marcu Anca , Moatar Alexandra , Samoila Corina , Podariu Angela , Seclaman Edward , Marian Catalin 
Published: September 2020

Objective This prospective clinical study comparatively investigated the effects of tobacco smoking on global methylation and hydroxymethylation in oral epithelial cells. Methods Buccal cells from the inside of the cheeks were collected from 47 individuals, including smokers, former smokers, and never smokers. DNA was extracted using dedicated kits. Methylated and hydroxymethylated DNA fractions were measured using assays similar to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The levels of methylation and hydroxymethylation were compared among groups using unpaired two-tailed t-tests or the Mann–Whitney U test; P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results There was no statistically significant difference in the average number of cigarettes between smoker and former smoker groups. Although methylation levels were lower for smokers (3.1%) and former smokers (2.16%), compared with never smokers (4.16%), these differences were not statistically significant. There was a two-fold increase in hydroxymethylation level in never smokers, compared with smokers. Conclusions Our findings suggest that smoking leads to global reductions in both methylation and hydroxymethylation levels in oral epithelial cells in a manner influenced by the intensity and length of exposure to tobacco smoke.
Sources of evidence for professional decision-making in novice occupational therapy practitioners: clinicians’ perspectives
Authors: Jeffery Helen , Robertson Linda , Reay Kim L 
Published: September 2020

Introduction Evidence-based practice skills and habits begin during undergraduate education and continue through professional life. It is important novices learn the skills in their education programme that are required in practice. This study explores strategies experienced occupational therapy supervisors use to encourage novices to be evidence based, and how these might be enhanced. Method Qualitative descriptive methodology was used to explore the views and experiences of 15 experienced supervisors from a range of practice areas and geographical locations, interviewed in four focus groups. Results Evidence-based practice is an element of professional reasoning not isolated from client-centred practice or from reflective practice. Five sources of evidence to inform competence in professional decision-making were identified: (a) research evidence from literature; (b) local environment, resources and culture; (c) client’s expertise and perspective; (d) expertise of others; and (e) practitioners’ own knowledge and experience. Conclusion Intentional use of all five sources of evidence to inform professional decision-making contributes to habits of evidence-based thinking and practice. Experienced therapists and educators can support evidence-based practice in novices by prompting questioning and developing systems supportive of scanning for evidence in each area. Collaboration in this endeavour will enhance integration of academic and practice education.
Kitchen-related tasks used in occupational therapy during rehabilitation of adults with acquired brain injury: A systematic review
Authors: Mohapatra Sushmita , Kulnik Stefan Tino 
Published: September 2020

Introduction Kitchen-related tasks are widely used in occupational therapy for adults with acquired brain injury. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of kitchen-related, task-based occupational therapy interventions for improving clinical and functional outcomes in the rehabilitation of adults with acquired brain injury. Method A systematic review of the literature was conducted with narrative synthesis (PROSPERO registration CRD42019141898), by searching relevant electronic databases (BNI, CINAHL Plus, MEDLINE, DORIS, OT Seeker etc.), registries of ongoing studies (ISRCTN, PROSPERO, etc.), and grey literature (OpenGrey, etc.). English-language studies that evaluated kitchen-related tasks in the rehabilitation of adults with acquired brain injury were included and independently appraised for their methodological quality by two reviewers. Results Seventeen primary studies met the eligibility criteria. Studies were heterogeneous in methods, methodological quality, setting, sample size, purpose, and design of kitchen-related tasks. Fifteen studies evaluated kitchen-related, task-based treatments for improving function, and two studies examined kitchen-related task assessments for safety and task performance. This provides very limited evidence for the effectiveness of kitchen-related, task-based interventions compared to interventions not based on kitchen-related tasks. Conclusion While kitchen-related, task-based occupational therapy interventions in acquired brain injury rehabilitation are common practice, there is currently limited research evidence to support this. Further studies are warranted to strengthen the evidence base.
What Is An Acceptable Limit of Joint-Line Obliquity After Medial Open Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy? Analysis Based on Midterm Results
Authors: Song Ju-Ho , Bin Seong-Il , Kim Jong-Min , Lee Bum-Sik 
Published: September 2020

Background: Although joint-line obliquity (JLO) after open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) is commonly encountered, especially in cases of overcorrection, its effect has not been fully elucidated or has been assessed only in the short term. The acceptable range of JLO, often recognized as ≤4°, has not been determined as per the midterm outcomes of OWHTO. Hypothesis: Joint-line obliquity exceeding the acceptable limit after OWHTO would accelerate cartilage degeneration and adversely affect midterm clinical outcomes. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 109 patients who underwent OWHTO between 2010 and 2015 with a mean follow-up period of 55.0 months (range, 24-102 months) were reviewed. JLO was defined as the angle between the lines parallel to the floor and to the tibial plateau on a long-standing hip-to-ankle radiograph. For radiologic evaluation according to JLO, the medial joint space width (JSW) was measured on a standing 45° flexion posteroanterior view and standardized with the width of the tibial plateau as reference, after which changes in JSW (ΔJSW) between the 6- and 12-month postoperative period and the latest follow-up were calculated. ΔJSW was analyzed according to 2 different cutoff values of JLO: JLO of 4°, which is currently recognized as the acceptable limit, and that derived from the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the third quartile of ΔJSW. Multivariate regression analysis including JLO as well as other demographic and radiologic factors was performed. Clinical outcomes were evaluated in the same way using Knee Society (KS) objective and functional scores. Results: With a JLO cutoff of 4° in the multivariate regression analysis, JLO was not significantly associated with ΔJSW ( P = .545). However, in the KS objective and functional score analyses, JLO ≥4° was found to be a significant factor ( P = .045 and .005, respectively). The ROC curve showed a cutoff JLO of 6°, which was significantly associated with ΔJSW ( P = .001). JLO ≥6° remained significant in the analyses for KS objective and functional score ( P = .012 and .001, respectively). Conclusion: The adverse effect of JLO on radiologic outcomes was shown when JLO was ≥6°. In clinical aspects, worse outcomes were found in cases of JLO ≥4°.
Satisfaction With Elbow Function and Return Status After Autologous Osteochondral Transplant for Capitellar Osteochondritis Dissecans in High School Baseball Players
Authors: Sasanuma Hideyuki , Iijima Yuki , Saito Tomohiro , Yano Yuichiro , Nakama Sueo , Kameda Masahiro , Takeshita Katsushi 
Published: September 2020

Background: Osteochondral autograft transplant (OAT), a surgical treatment for capitellar osteochondritis dissecans (OCD), has favorable rates of elbow recovery and return to sports in adolescents. However, few reports have investigated how long patients continue to play baseball after OAT and their satisfaction with their treatment outcome. Purpose: To evaluate the rate of boys who played baseball and received OAT for OCD in junior high school or earlier (age <15 years) and continued to play baseball in high school and the players’ satisfaction with their elbow function during play. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 32 elbows of boys who played baseball and received OAT at age ≤15 years (mean, 14.1 years) were examined and divided into pitcher (n = 11) and nonpitcher (n = 21) groups according to their player position before surgery. The clinical Timmerman-Andrews score at the end of their high school baseball, participation percentage of players who continued to play baseball, and satisfaction level during play (on a scale of 0-10 during pitching and batting and in a 4-choice format) were compared between the 2 groups. Results: The Timmerman-Andrews scores significantly improved after surgery in both groups, with no significant difference between the groups. Of the 32 players, 30 (93.8%) continued to play baseball throughout high school, including all players in the pitcher group and 19 (90.5%) of those in the nonpitcher group. The percentage of players who continued to pitch was 55.6% (6/11) in the pitcher group. Satisfaction with elbow joint function at the time of pitching was significantly lower in the pitcher group. Further, 5 players reported being “a little unsatisfied” because of elbow pain during pitching. All of the players indicated satisfaction with elbow function during batting. Conclusion: The percentage of players who received OAT for OCD in junior high school and continued to play baseball in high school was favorable. However, satisfaction with elbow function during throwing was lower in pitchers than in nonpitchers. Clinical Relevance: Before surgery, consent should be obtained from patients who are pitchers after it is explained that satisfaction with elbow joint function during pitching could be decreased after OAT.
Human Papillomavirus, Herpes Zoster, and Hepatitis B Vaccinations in Immunocompromised Patients: An Update for Pharmacists
Authors: Paulsen Michelle R. , Patel Nikitha R. , Sulis Carol , Farraye Francis A. , Bhat Shubha 
Published: September 2020

Purpose: Current evidence regarding efficacy and safety of human papillomavirus 9-valent (9vHPV), recombinant zoster (RZV), and CpG-adjuvanted recombinant hepatitis B (HepB-CpG) vaccines in adults with human immunodeficiency virus, inflammatory bowel disease, solid organ transplant, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant is reviewed. Summary: Patients immunocompromised due to underlying disease or treatment are at increased risk for infections; however, insufficient understanding of various vaccines’ efficacy, safety, indications, and contraindications in this population has led to suboptimal vaccination rates. The Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) published guidelines on vaccines in immunocompromised populations in 2013. Since then, several advances have been made including an expanded indication with 9vHPV for use in males and females 9 to 45 years old, and the introduction of new vaccines for herpes zoster (RZV) and hepatitis B (HepB-CpG). Pharmacists are instrumental to vaccination efforts and may benefit from a review of recent vaccine updates. Conclusion: The 9vHPV can be used in men and women ages 9 to 45 years old regardless of immune status. RZV safety and efficacy in several immunocompromised populations has been demonstrated; however, manufacturers and major societies have yet to update their recommendations. HepB-CpG may be used in most immunocompromised patients yet remains under-utilized.