bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solvabilité 2 : les assureurs se sont-ils laissé piéger ?
Authors: Frézal Sylvestre 
Published: February 2020

En dépit d’une gestation difficile, Solvabilité 2 a incarné l’état de l’art en matière de régulation prudentielle des assurances. Début 2016, elle est entrée en vigueur. Elle est aujourd’hui largement décriée. Elle s’appuie sur deux postulats : 1) nous sommes capables de quantifier les risques extrêmes, et 2) les exigences de capital fondent les incitations des dirigeants. S’appuyant sur des modalités opérationnelles induites par ces deux postulats, Solvabilité 2 avait pour objectif d’optimiser la gestion des risques dans les compagnies d’assurance, ainsi que l’utilisation du capital dans cette industrie. Nous proposons ici un retour d’expérience interrogeant la pertinence de ces postulats et les conséquences de cette régulation. Il apparaît que la quantification des risques rares n’est, en termes d’ordre de grandeur, pas fiable ; que les « incitations » mises en œuvre conduisent à dissoudre les responsabilités ; et qu’en homogénéisant la façon de penser le risque, elle introduit un risque systémique.
Mast Cells Localize in Hypoxic Zones of Tumors and Secrete CCL-2 under Hypoxia through Activation of L-Type Calcium Channels
Authors: Ramírez-Moreno Itzel G. , Ibarra-Sánchez Alfredo , Castillo-Arellano Jorge Ivan , Blank Ulrich , González-Espinosa Claudia 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Hypoxia is a condition that together with low pH, high amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increased adenosine levels characterize tumor microenvironment. Mast cells (MCs) are part of tumor microenvironment, but the effect of hypoxia on the production of MC-derived cytokines has not been fully described. Using the hypoxia marker pimonidazole in vivo, we found that MCs were largely located in the low-oxygen areas within B16-F1 mice melanoma tumors. In vitro, hypoxia promoted ROS production, a ROS-dependent increase of intracellular calcium, and the production of MCP 1 (CCL-2) in murine bone marrow–derived MCs. Hypoxia-induced CCL-2 production was sensitive to the antioxidant trolox and to nifedipine, a blocker of L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (LVDCCs). Simultaneously with CCL-2 production, hypoxia caused the ROS-dependent glutathionylation and membrane translocation of the α1c subunit of Cav1.2 LVDCCs. Relationship between ROS production, calcium rise, and CCL-2 synthesis was also observed when cells were treated with H2O2. In vivo, high CCL-2 production was detected on hypoxic zones of melanoma tumors (where tryptase-positive MCs were also found). Pimonidazole and CCL-2 positive staining diminished when B16-F1 cell–inoculated animals were treated with trolox, nifedipine, or the adenosine receptor 2A antagonist KW6002. Our results show that MCs are located preferentially in hypoxic zones of melanoma tumors, hypoxia-induced CCL-2 production in MCs requires calcium rise mediated by glutathionylation and membrane translocation of LVDCCs, and this mechanism of CCL-2 synthesis seems to operate in other cells inside melanoma tumors, with the participation of the adenosine receptor 2A.
Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in Nigerian Fermented Food Condiments
Authors: M Okafor Chibuanuli , N Ikegbunam Moses , C Nwachukwu Judith , N Ebenebe Ijeoma , C Nnanna Joy 
Published: February 2020

Food borne diseases remain a growing public health problem gotten through the consumption of contaminated food and water. A world health organization report, 2015 estimated 600million episodes of illness due to contaminated food worldwide. Amongst all age groups, Africa bore the greatest burden of diarrhoeal diseases. Gram-negative bacteria have become a significant challenge to the control of infection as a result of acquisition of antibiotic resistant genes. This is especially of concern in Nigeria where fermented condiments are important part of daily meals and sometimes consumed without cooking. This work thus identifies Gram negative bacteria from fermented condiments and evaluates the antibiotic resistance profile of the bacterial isolates. The fermented condiments- Iru (Parkia biglobosa) (67), Ogiri-igbo (Ricinus communis) (58), Ukpaka (Pentaclethra macrophylla) (22) and Okpei (Prosopis africana) (42), were obtained from markets in Abuja, Gboko, Lokoja, Okenne, Abeokuta, Ibadan, Ijebu-Ode, Ilorin, Lagos, Ondo and Ore. Coliform and faecal coliform test was done. Isolation of the Gram-negative bacteria was done using MacConkey agar. Taxonomic studies were carried out on the isolated Gram negative bacteria. Determination of antibiotic resistance profile of the Gram-negative bacteria was done by disc diffusion method. Ukpaka (Pentaclethra macrophylla) samples had the highest percentage occurrence of coliforms (100%). Faecal coliform were more prevalent in Ukpaka (20%) and Iru (16.67%). Klebsiella pneumonia was prevalent in the 3 of the fermented condiments (Iru, Ogiri and Ukpaka). Escherichia coli was the most frequent Gram-negative bacteria in Okpei samples. The relatively high recovery rates of Gram-negative bacteria shows possible contamination of fermented condiments by human pathogens. The isolates from Ukpaka showed the highest resistance (55.3%) to Cotrimoxazole. The effect of the resistance of Gram-negative bacteria to antibiotics could be transmission of resistant strains from farm to house, treatment failure and a limited choice of antibiotics used for treatment.
The Pornotrope of Decolonial Feminism
Authors: Terrefe Selamawit D. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This article argues that María Lugones's articulation of decolonial feminism, as a theory and potential political praxis, both disappears Blackness and subjugates African American women—their scholarship, their language, and the materiality of their Black “flesh”—within the same subordinate position the coloniality of gender decries. Expanding Hortense Spillers's concept of “pornotroping,” this article puts into relief the ideological and rhetorical investments in deploying the figure of the Black woman to institute an argument about gender, but only to erase this figure from the political and affective registers of its theorization. This essay argues that Lugones's theorization of decolonial feminism effectively reifies the libidinal dynamics it denounces: turning Africans into captives, into commodities for use and abuse. It questions the camouflaging and decontextualization of Black feminist interventions that consider the singularity of antiblack violence as a model for thinking about violence as a phenomenological and ontological global order, critiquing the category of gender incipit to the process of enslavement and colonialism that ushers in the very modernity that decoloniality frames itself against.
Lugones's World-Making
Authors: Alcoff Linda Martín 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This article reflects on the worlds that María Lugones has made and has transformed, particularly for the doing of feminist theory. Thus this article will be more exploratory than argumentative: to explore the lessons that Lugones's work holds, especially her work on pluralist feminism, world-traveling, the uses of anger, boomerang perception, and the multiplicitousness of both our selves and our communities, for our twenty-first-century challenges. This article argues that Lugones's work addresses how to negotiate conflicts that arise within social movements of liberation, within coalitions or spaces of shared commitments.
To OA or Not to OA?
Authors: Ekanger Aysa , Lieungh Erik 
Published: February 2020

What are the main reasons for our scientists not to choose Open Access to their publications? Are the reasons just misconceptions, or are there some valid reasons as well?
Adviser Aysa Ekanger at the University Library at UiT The Arctic University of Norway lays out the main reasons and some of the solutions to the concerns with Open Access. The host of this episode is Erik Lieungh.
You can also read a more detailed overview of the possible obstacles on the road to Open Access in this whitepaper from @OPERASEU. OPERAS is a European research infrastructure for the development of open scholarly communication, particularly in the social sciences and humanities.
This episode was first published 2 October 2018.
Witchcraft and Open Science
Authors: Hagen Rune Blix , Lieungh Erik 
Published: February 2020

Can you combine the history of early modern witchcraft studies with open science? Sure! In this episode of Open Science Talk, historian Rune Blix Hagen explains how at the end of his career he digitalized his research data at the library for others to use. He is actually the first person from his institute to openly archive his research data. In this podcast episode, Hagen gives us some insight on how this work has been done, and also his experiences and expectations to publishing research data openly.
The host of this episode is Erik Lieungh.
This episode was first published 31 July 2019.
Publishing in the Global South
Authors: Hachani Samir , Lieungh Erik 
Published: February 2020

In this episode, we talk to Samir Hachani, PhD & lecturer at the School of Library Science at the University of Algiers, about the injustice of publications between the Global North and the Global South. We also talk about Journals On Line (JOL) and INASP's effort to create a framework for journal publishing practices and standards for the Global South. The host of this episode is Erik Lieungh.
This episode was first published 26 November 2019.
History of Publications: Mission or Money?
Authors: Fyfe Aileen , Lieungh Erik 
Published: February 2020

What is the historical relationship between publishing, money-making and scholarly mission? We explore the past with our guest Aileen Fyfe. She is a historian of science, technology and publishing, and Professor of Modern History at the University of St Andrews.
The host of this episode is Erik Lieungh.
This episode was first published 27 January 2020.
Genetic analyses reveal population structure and recent decline in leopards (Panthera pardus fusca) across the Indian subcontinent
Authors: Bhatt Supriya , Biswas Suvankar , Karanth Krithi , Pandav Bivash , Mondol Samrat 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundLarge carnivores maintain the stability and functioning of ecosystems. Currently, many carnivore species face declining population sizes due to natural and anthropogenic pressures. The leopard,Panthera pardus, is probably the most widely distributed and highly adaptable large felid globally, still persisting in most of its historic range. However, we lack subspecies-level data on country or regional scale on population trends, as ecological monitoring approaches are difficult to apply on such wide-ranging species. We used genetic data from leopards sampled across the Indian subcontinent to investigate population structure and patterns of demographic decline.MethodsWe collected faecal samples from the Terai-Arc landscape of northern India and identified 56 unique individuals using a panel of 13 microsatellite markers. We merged this data with already available 143 leopard individuals and assessed genetic structure at country scale. Subsequently, we investigated the demographic history of each identified subpopulations and compared genetic decline analyses with countrywide local extinction probabilities.ResultsOur genetic analyses revealed four distinct subpopulations corresponding to Western Ghats, Deccan Plateau-Semi Arid, Shivalik and Terai region of the north Indian landscape, each with high genetic variation. Coalescent simulations with microsatellite loci revealed a possibly human-induced 75–90% population decline between ∼120–200 years ago across India. Population-specific estimates of genetic decline are in concordance with ecological estimates of local extinction probabilities in these subpopulations obtained from occupancy modeling of the historic and current distribution of leopards in India.ConclusionsOur results confirm the population decline of a widely distributed, adaptable large carnivore. We re-iterate the relevance of indirect genetic methods for such species in conjunction with occupancy assessment and recommend that detailed, landscape-level ecological studies on leopard populations are critical to future conservation efforts. Our approaches and inference are relevant to other widely distributed, seemingly unaffected carnivores such as the leopard.
Development of a prognostic scoring model for predicting the survival of elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wan Sizhe , Nie Yuan , Zhu Xuan 
Published: February 2020

Background
The number of elderly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients is increasing, and precisely assessing of the prognosis of these patients is necessary. We developed a prognostic scoring model to predict survival in elderly HCC patients.

Methods
We extracted data from 4,076 patients ≥65 years old from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and randomly divided them into training and validation groups. Cox regression analysis was used to screen for meaningful independent prognostic factors. The receiver operating characteristic curve reflected the model’s discrimination power.

Results
Age, race, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, degree of tumour differentiation, tumour size, alpha-fetoprotein and tumour therapy were independent prognostic factors for survival in elderly HCC patients. We developed a prognostic scoring model based on the seven meaningful variables to predict survival in elderly HCC patients. The AUCs of the model were 0.805 (95% CI [0.788–0.821]) and 0.788 (95% CI [0.759–0.816]) in the training and validation groups, respectively. We divided the patients into low-risk groups and high-risk groups according to the optimal cut-off value. The Kaplan–Meier survival curve showed that in the training and validation groups, the survival rate of the low-risk group was significantly higher than that of the high-risk group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Based on a large population, we constructed a prognostic scoring model for predicting survival in elderly HCC patients. The model may provide a reference for clinicians for preoperative and postoperative evaluations of elderly HCC patients.
Robust fault‐tolerant control for discrete‐time switched systems with time delays
Authors: Telbissi Kenza , Benzaouia Abdellah 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThis study outlines the problem of active fault‐tolerant control for delayed discrete‐time switched systems. Using switched proportional‐integral observer and multiple Lyapunov‐Krasovski function, less conservative sufficient conditions are established to design a robust fault estimation (FE) algorithm via linear matrix inequality form. Afterward, a fault‐tolerant performance is realized based on this fast and exact FE information to compensate the effect of actuator fault while stabilizing the closed‐loop system. The efficiency of the proposed strategy is proved through simulation examples and comparison results.
Ambient‐Dried, 3D‐Printable and Electrically Conducting Cellulose Nanofiber Aerogels by Inclusion of Functional Polymers
Authors: Françon Hugo , Wang Zhen , Marais Andrew , Mystek Katarzyna , Piper Andrew , Granberg Hjalmar , Malti Abdellah , Gatenholm Paul , Larsson Per A. , Wågberg Lars 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study presents a novel, green, and efficient way of preparing crosslinked aerogels from cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and alginate using non‐covalent chemistry. This new process can ultimately facilitate the fast, continuous, and large‐scale production of porous, light‐weight materials as it does not require freeze‐drying, supercritical CO2 drying, or any environmentally harmful crosslinking chemistries. The reported preparation procedure relies solely on the successive freezing, solvent‐exchange, and ambient drying of composite CNF‐alginate gels. The presented findings suggest that a highly‐porous structure can be preserved throughout the process by simply controlling the ionic strength of the gel. Aerogels with tunable densities (23–38 kg m−3) and compressive moduli (97–275 kPa) can be prepared by using different CNF concentrations. These low‐density networks have a unique combination of formability (using molding or 3D‐printing) and wet‐stability (when ion exchanged to calcium ions). To demonstrate their use in advanced wet applications, the printed aerogels are functionalized with very high loadings of conducting poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):tosylate (PEDOT:TOS) polymer by using a novel in situ polymerization approach. In‐depth material characterization reveals that these aerogels have the potential to be used in not only energy storage applications (specific capacitance of 78 F g−1), but also as mechanical‐strain and humidity sensors.
Steric Impediment of Ion Migration Contributes to Improved Operational Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Tan Shaun , Yavuz Ilhan , De Marco Nicholas , Huang Tianyi , Lee Sung‐Joon , Choi Christopher S. , Wang Minhuan , Nuryyeva Selbi , Wang Rui , Zhao Yepin , Wang Hao‐Cheng , Han Tae‐Hee , Dunn Bruce , Huang Yu , Lee Jin‐Wook , Yang Yang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe operational instability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is known to mainly originate from the migration of ionic species (or charged defects) under a potential gradient. Compositional engineering of the “A” site cation of the ABX3 perovskite structure has been shown to be an effective route to improve the stability of PSCs. Here, the effect of size‐mismatch‐induced lattice distortions on the ion migration energetics and operational stability of PSCs is investigated. It is observed that the size mismatch of the mixed “A” site composition films and devices leads to a steric effect to impede the migration pathways of ions to increase the activation energy of ion migration, which is demonstrated through multiple theoretical and experimental evidence. Consequently, the mixed composition devices exhibit significantly improved thermal stability under continuous heating at 85 °C and operational stability under continuous 1 sun illumination, with an extrapolated lifetime of 2011 h, compared to the 222 h of the reference device.
The Inside‐Outs of Metal Hydride Dehydrogenation: Imaging the Phase Evolution of the Li‐N‐H Hydrogen Storage System
Authors: White James L. , Baker Alexander A. , Marcus Matthew A. , Snider Jonathan L. , Wang Timothy C. , Lee Jonathan R. I. , Kilcoyne David A. L. , Allendorf Mark D. , Stavila Vitalie , El Gabaly Farid 
Published: February 2020

AbstractComplex metal hydrides provide high‐density hydrogen storage, which is essential for vehicular applications. However, the practical application of these materials is limited by thermodynamic and kinetic barriers present during the dehydrogenation and rehydrogenation processes as new phases form inside parent phases. An improved understanding of the mixed‐phase mesostructures and their interfaces will assist in improving cyclability. In this work, the phase evolution during hydrogenation of lithium nitride and dehydrogenation of lithium amide with lithium hydride is probed with scanning transmission X‐ray microscopy at the nitrogen K edge. With this technique, core–shell structures are observed in particles of both partially hydrogenated Li3N and partially dehydrogenated LiNH2 + 2LiH. To generate these structures, the rate‐limiting step must shift from internal hydrogen diffusion during hydrogenation to the formation of hydrogen gas at the surface during desorption.
Ion Sputtering–Assisted Double‐Side Interfacial Engineering for CdIn2S4 Photoanode toward Improved Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Xu Weiwei , Tian Wei , Meng Linxing , Cao Fengren , Li Liang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDue to its suitable band energy level and small band gap, CdIn2S4 is a promising photoanode for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Nevertheless, the serious charge recombination at the back contact and photoelectrode/electrolyte interface severely hinders its PEC activity. Herein, a facile magnetron ion‐sputtering strategy is adopted to fabricate TiO2 underlayer and NiO overlayer to modify both sides of CdIn2S4 photoanode. The TiO2 underlayer serves as an electron transport layer to promote electrons transfer from CdIn2S4 to fluorine‐doped tin oxide substrate and hinder holes' transportation, thus suppressing the charge recombination at the back contact. NiO, as a p‐type semiconductor, forms a p‐n heterojunction with CdIn2S4, inducing a built‐in electric field to facilitate charge transport. Meanwhile, NiO overlayer acts as a co‐catalyst to enhance surface reaction kinetics, and thereby improves the carrier injection efficiency at photoelectrode/electrolyte interface. As a result, the optimum TiO2/CdIn2S4/NiO photoanode exhibits photocurrent as high as 0.6 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, which is about 2.3 times that of bare CdIn2S4. This work provides an effective strategy to manipulate the charge carrier dynamics to improve the PEC activity of photoanode.
Divergent Reaction Pathways of β‐Chlorovinyl Ketones: Microwave‐Assisted Thermal Nazarov Cyclization versus Cycloisomerization via Soft Vinyl Enolization
Authors: Kim Hun Young , Oh Kyungsoo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDivergent reaction pathways of β‐chlorovinyl ketones have been established to provide stereodefined alkylidenecyclopent‐2‐enones and 2‐alkenylfuran derivatives. The switch of the reaction pathways was made possible by the microwave‐assisted thermal Nazarov cyclization reaction of β‐chlorovinyl ketones, whereas the soft α‐vinyl enolization of β‐chlorovinyl ketones allowed the generation of allenyl ketone intermediates that in turn smoothly underwent cycloisomerization to the 2‐alkenyl furan derivatives in good to excellent yields.magnified image
Photophysics of Methylammonium Lead Tribromide Perovskite: Free Carriers, Excitons, and Sub‐Bandgap States
Authors: Droseros Nikolaos , Tsokkou Demetra , Banerji Natalie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMethylammonium lead tribromide perovskite, one of the first artificially synthesized perovskites, can be used in multijunction solar cells and for light‐emitting applications. Its structure leads to a wide direct bandgap, a high extinction coefficient for absorption, and an exciton binding energy that is higher than the thermal energy at room temperature. The broad range of studies performed on the optical phenomena in this material has revealed the contribution of free carriers, excitons, and defect states to its photoluminescence properties. The present report aims to highlight the role played by the different primary photoexcitations, by defects and a variety of optical phenomena (dual emission, reabsorption, photon‐recycling, Rashba‐splitting) on the observed excited‐state properties of this semiconductor. Focus is given to the manifestation of these properties in different spectroscopic measurements.