bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘What does the fox say?’
Authors: Hong Seongeun , Kellogg David 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe late M. A. K. Halliday sketched a language-based theory of learning which posited three overlapping functions of learning language, learning through language, and finally learning about language as the young learner struggles to direct his or her own learning from language. Here we focus on one aspect of this struggle for what Vygotsky called conscious awareness and mastery of learning, namely questions. First we examine Hasan’s case that learning particular kinds of questions enable participation in classroom discourse while others disable it. Next, we look at Vygotsky’s case that self-directed questions (rhetorical and narrativized questions) have a key role to play in learning through questions. Finally, we consider what path the child has to take in learning about questions in English as a foreign language. Using ordinary classroom tasks under ordinary classroom conditions, we trace changes in children’s questions over six months, and we find statistically significant changes, particularly remarkable in retelling dialogues containing questions as narratives. But we also find very few new wh-questions, and we suggest that this is because mastery and conscious awareness of the structure of wh-questions still lie in the next, or proximal, zone of the children’s development.
Implementing task-based language education in primary education
Authors: Van den Branden Kris , Van Gorp Koen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article provides a critical analysis of the language policy measures that were taken by the Flemish government
(Belgium) to improve the quality of the teaching of the national language (Dutch) in compulsory education in Flanders and in the Flemish
education system in Brussels. It builds on Van den Branden (2006a), which documented the
implementation of task-based language teaching (TBLT) in primary, secondary and adult education in Flanders in the period between 1995 and
2005. Focusing on primary education, this article examines the different periods and trends in the government’s attempts to push the
innovation of Dutch language education, and analyses its impact on the practice of teaching the language of schooling. The article
highlights the gradual shift in focus from introducing TBLT materials and supporting the individual teacher to mandating the design of a
school-wide language policy involving the whole school team, and from a top-down implementation to a more bottom-up driven, collaborative
innovation process. The major aim of the article is to identify the factors that impacted on the effects of the innovation policy, against
the backdrop of the growing influx of pupils who do not acquire Dutch (the main medium of instruction) as their mother tongue.
So-adj-a construction as a case of obsolescence in progress
Authors: Rudnicka Karolina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The main focus of this study is the so-adj-a construction seen as an instantiation of grammatical obsolescence in progress. Starting at where Klégr’s (2010) synchronic study of the construction’s local grammar and syntactic functions leaves it, the present work provides a diachronic account of changes in the frequency of use in the last two centuries; their implications; and an overview of possible causes that had led to the situation in which the construction became considerably rare in Present Day English. Methodologically, the paper features quantitative and statistical analyses of corpus data. The work uses the framework for the investigation of grammatical obsolescence designed in the author’s doctoral thesis (Rudnicka 2019). Additionally, the present chapter suggests extravagance as a cognitive motivation behind the emergence of the so-adj-a construction.
Captivating, splendid or instructive?
Authors: Boot Peter , Koolen Marijn 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhat is the impact of reading fiction? We analyze online Dutch book reviews to detect overall affective impact, narrative feelings, response to style and reflection. We create a set of rules that analyze the reviews and detect the impact aspects. We evaluate the detection by asking raters about the presence of these aspects in reviews and comparing these ratings to our detection. Interrater agreements are weak to moderate; however, there is a significant correlation between the model’s predictions for all impact aspects except reflection. The detected impact correlates with book genres in the way one would expect: Narrative feelings are highest for thrillers, and stylistic response is highest for literary books. We can thus estimate some aspects of the response books evoke in readers. Initial results suggest that the appreciation of style is linked to reflection in the reader. However, the concepts underlying the impact categories need further exploration.
Synergy of experiment and model for reactive HiPIMS: effect of discharge parameters on WOx composition and deposition rate
Authors: Rezek J , Kozák T , Kumar N , Haviar S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Reactive high-power impulse magnetron sputtering of tungsten oxide films using metallic tungsten target (72 mm in diameter) in argon-oxygen atmosphere (total pressure of 0.75 Pa) was carried out. The effect of various discharge parameters on the deposition rate and film oxygen concentration was investigated. Moreover, a model combining a reactive high-power impulse magnetron sputtering model and a discharge plasma model for the ionization region was successfully used for deeper insight into the effect of particular discharge parameters such as voltage pulse length (from 100 –800 µs), oxygen partial pressure (from 0.25–0.50 Pa) or the value of pulse-averaged target power density (from 2.5–500 W cm−2). The results of the presented model, most notably trends in the target- and substrate oxide fraction, composition of particle fluxes onto the substrate, degree of W atom ionization or degree of O2 molecule dissociation are discussed and put into context with experimentally measured quantities.
Enhanced and tunable double Fano resonances in plasmonic metasurfaces with nanoring dimers
Authors: Du Mengyuan , Shen Zhe 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The appearance of the double-resonance substrate has promoted the application of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). By controlling the frequencies of the double resonances to match the excitation and Raman scattering frequencies, the detection of the object to be measured can be more effective. For the double-resonance substrate, while the resonance frequencies can be highly controllable, the electric field enhancement is also one of the important factors affecting the application in SERS. In this paper, we designed a metasurface composed of a nanoring dimer array, silica dielectric and gold film. The nanoring dimer array and gold film are separated by the silica dielectric to form a resonant cavity. The localized surface plasmon resonance generated in the nanoring dimer array is coupled with the cavity mode of the resonant cavity. Double Fano resonance with strong electric field enhancement is generated at the gap of the nanoring dimer. The electric field enhancement value can reach 100, which is an order of magnitude larger than that of the nanoring metasurface without the gap structure. The double Fano resonance peaks can be flexibly adjusted while maintaining large electric field enhancements by changing the following parameters: the period of the nanoring dimer array along the direction of the short axis, the ratio of the inner and outer radius of the nanoring and the length of the resonant cavity. Therefore, the proposed metasurface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate provides both the enhanced and tunable double Fano resonances necessary for high-sensitivity, high-selectivity and high-throughput detection. In addition, we proved that the length of the cavity can be determined by theoretical calculation, which avoids a lot of simulation processes.
Autofocusing based on cosine similarity in dual-wavelength digital holographic microscopy
Authors: Yu Hongqiang , Jia Shuhai , Liu Yuba , Peng Jun , Zhou Xing , Yang Shuming 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
An autofocusing method based on cosine similarity in dual-wavelength digital holographic microscopy is proposed. In our experiments, red and green lasers are employed for illumination and the generated holograms are recorded by a color camera. During the refocusing process, the reconstructed optical field near the focus plane contains more regular features than the one on the defocus plane. Moreover, due to the wavelength dependency of the diffraction process, the further away from the focus plane, the greater the difference in the reconstructed optical fields from the two wavelengths. Therefore, the focus plane can be determined by finding the maximum value of the cosine similarity between the amplitude vectors from the reconstructed optical fields of the two wavelengths. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in off-axis dual-wavelength digital holographic microscopy for shape measurement.
Application of functionalized graphene in Li–O2 batteries
Authors: Cui Xinhang , Luo Yani , Zhou Yin , Dong Wenhao , Chen Wei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Li–O2 batteries (LOB) are considered as one of the most promising energy storage devices using renewable electricity to power electric vehicles because of its exceptionally high energy density. Carbon materials have been widely employed in LOB for its light weight and facile availability. In particular, graphene is a suitable candidate due to its unique two-dimensional structure, high conductivities, large specific surface areas, and good stability at high charge potential. However, the intrinsic catalytic activity of graphene is insufficient for the sluggish kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in LOB. Therefore, various surface functionalization schemes for graphene have been developed to tailor the surface chemistry of graphene. In this review, the properties and performances of functionalized graphene cathodes are discussed from theoretical and experimental aspects, including heteroatomic doping, oxygen functional group modifications, and catalyst decoration. Heteroatomic doping breaks electric neutrality of sp2 carbon of graphene, which forms electron-deficient or electron-rich sites. Oxygen functional groups mainly create defective edges on graphene oxides with C−O, C=O, and −COO−. Catalyst decoration is widely attempted by various transition and precious metal and metal oxides. These induced reactive sites usually improve the ORR and/or OER in LOB by manipulating the adsorption energies of O2, LiO2, Li2O2, and promoting electron transportation of cathode. In addition, functionalized graphene is used in anode and separators to prevent shuttle effect of redox mediators and suppress growth of Li dendrite.
EMC3-EIRENE modelling of tungsten behavior under resonant magnetic perturbations on EAST: Effects of tungsten sputtering and impurity screening
Authors: Dai S Y , Zhang H M , Lyu B , Sun Y W , Jia M N , Feng Y , Wang Z X , Wang D Z 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The studies on tungsten (W) sputtering and transport characteristics on EAST tokamak under resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) fields have been performed with the three-dimensional edge transport code EMC3-EIRENE. The estimation of the W sputtering flux has been carried out based on EMC3-EIRENE modeling for RMP and no RMP applications. The W sputtering flux shows a small difference between RMP and no RMP cases due to weak sensitivity of W sputtering yield on deuterium impact energy for low edge plasma density. However, for high edge plasma density, the strong dependence of W sputtering yield on deuterium impact energy comes into play, which results in a remarkable difference in the W sputtering flux between RMP and no RMP cases. Impacts of the W impurity perpendicular transport on W ions transport have been investigated. With low W perpendicular transport coefficient for RMP case, the edge plasma has a better W ions screening effect for high edge plasma density. The increased W perpendicular transport coefficient results in a good W ions screening effect for both high and low edge plasma densities.
Direct growth of tungsten disulfide on gallium nitride and the photovoltaic characteristics of the heterojunctions
Authors: Wen Yu , Debbarma Rousan , Rasul Md Golam , Shahbazian-Yassar Reza , Berry Vikas , Shi Junxia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Photovoltaic device construct with a 2D nanomaterial atop a 3D wide bandgap semiconductor enables van Hove singularity induced enhanced light absorption on the front surface in close proximity (few atoms above) to the depletion region. Here, thin layers of tungsten disulfide (WS2) varying from mono to few layers were grown directly on both n-gallium nitride (GaN) and p-GaN via low pressure chemical vapor deposition. The conditions for WS2 growth were optimized for a larger coverage of the GaN substrate. The WS2 film was characterized using confocal Raman spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurement was conducted to elucidate the electronic band structures of WS2 on top of GaN. Afterwards, WS2/GaN heterojunction photovoltaic devices were fabricated. The current density–voltage (J–V) tests were conducted to illustrate the electrical performance. The device showed an open circuit voltage of 0.53 mV and a short circuit current density of 60 µA cm−2, 85% higher than that of a WS2/Si solar cell. An external quantum efficiency was measured to be near 60% for red and infrared, and above 50% in the violet region.
An inclined MHD mixed radiative-convection flow of a micropolar hybrid nanofluid within a lid-driven inclined odd-shaped cavity
Authors: Mansour M A , Mahdy A , Ahmed S E 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The present article scrutinizes the impact of partial slip on mixed-radiative interaction convection flow of a non-Newtonian micropolar hybrid nanofluid with an inclined magnetic field in an odd-shaped porous cavity due to separated heating. Partial slip influence is assumed to be along an inclined walls af and ef. A source of constant heat flux on the walls bc and cd is implemented. Besides, the two walls ab and de are kept to be at low temperature T

c
. The other lid-driven porous cavity walls are selected to be adiabatic. The flow controlling equations are solved implementing the finite difference technique and the numerical computations are confirmed with earlier published papers successfully. Features of the temperature, streamlines and angular velocity as well Nusselt number are provided and argued for miscellaneous cases. The alteration of the vortex parameter enhances values of the angular velocity while the stream lines did not show any changes. An enhancement in values of the local Nusselt number is demonstrated as the geometry inclination angle is growing, while variations of lengths and locations of the active boundaries have negative impacts on the local Nusselt number. The outcomes show that, at a certain values of Darcy number (Da = 0.01), there is an improvement in average Nusselt number up to 9.9% when the nanoparticle parameter varied from 0 (pure) to 10%.
Subwavelength three-dimensional Rydberg atom localization by optical absorption microscopy
Authors: Zhang Hengfei , Yuan Jinpeng , Wu Chaohua , Wang Lirong , Xiao Liantuan , Jia Suotang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We propose a scheme for subwavelength three-dimensional (3D) Rydberg atom localization in a (V + Ξ)-type atomic system by spatial optical absorption microscopy. Position-dependent atom–field interaction allows atom position information to be obtained via measurement of the probe absorption. Some distinctive spatial localization patterns are discovered by adjusting the detuning and Rabi frequency of the laser fields. A 100% probability of finding the Rydberg atom at a specific position in 3D subwavelength space is achieved under appropriate conditions. This scheme may provide a novel approach for realizing high-precision 3D Rydberg atom localization in experiment.
Study of the CKM angle γ sensitivity using flavor untagged

decays *
Authors: Ao D. , Decamp D. , Qian W. B. , Ricciardi S. , Sazak H. , T’Jampens S. , Tisserand V. , Wang Z. R. , Yang Z. W. , Zhang S. N. , Zhou X. K. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A sensitivity study on the measurement of the CKM angle

from

decays is conducted using the D-meson reconstructed in the quasi flavour-specific modes

,

, and

, as well as CP-eigenstate modes

and

, where the notation

corresponds to a

or

meson. The LHCb experiment is presented as a use case. A statistical uncertainty of approximately

can be achieved with the

collision data collected in the LHCb experiment from 2011 to 2018. The sensitivity to

should be of the order

after accumulating 23 fb-1 of

collision data by 2025, whereas it is expected to improve further by 300 fb-1 by the second half of the 2030 decade. The accuracy is dependent on the strong parameters

and

, which together with

describe the interference between the leading amplitudes of the

decays.
On the influence of inlet perturbations on slug dynamics in horizontal multiphase flow—a computational study
Authors: Schmelter S , Knotek S , Olbrich M , Fiebach A , Bär M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
When multiphase flows are modeled numerically, complex geometrical and operational features of the experiments, such as the phase mixing section, are often not resolved in detail. Rather simplified boundary conditions are prescribed, which usually cause less irregular dynamics in the system than present in reality. In this paper, a perturbation that randomly disturbs the secondary components of the velocity vector at the inlet is proposed in order to capture the experimentally observed instabilities at the interface between the phases. This in particular enhances the formation of slugs in the pipe. Different amplitudes of the perturbation are investigated. One observes that, the higher the perturbation amplitude, the earlier the slugs occur. On the other hand, sufficiently far away from the inlet, the flow pattern shows the same dynamics for different perturbation amplitudes. Hence, no specific frequency is imposed by the prescribed perturbation. The simulation results are validated by comparison with liquid level data from a corresponding experiment.
Numerical investigation of the tritium permeation phenomenon through cooling plates in breeding blankets
Authors: Urgorri F.R. , Moreno C. , Rapisarda D. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Understanding and predicting tritium transport is considered a key issue for the design of safe and self-sufficient fusion power plants. Indeed, tritium generated in the breeder materials is susceptible to permeate to the blanket coolant circuits where it is harder to remove and process. Therefore, the predictive models become very important to evaluate the performance of any blanket design. In this work, 2D finite volume methods are employed to analyze in detail the tritium permeation through a cooling plate considering a set of different parameters that affect the breeding blanket (BB) performance. Different BB configurations are studied varying the geometrical parameters defining the plate: the wall thickness and the cooling channel pitch. Moreover, the analyses cover every permeation regime, from diffusion-limited to surface-limited, including intermediate situations. This way, results are applicable to every BB concept which employs cooling plates with independence of their specific materials, temperatures and tritium concentrations. Results have been compared with those of 1D models in order to define form factors that can be used to increase the precision of system level tritium transport models. A total of 91 simulations have been carried out to find correlations that allows computing the form factors in a wide variety of situations. Results show that the accuracy of 1D models and consequently the accuracy of most system level models strongly depends on the permeation regime and can be poor in some conditions. However, this study demonstrates that the use of form factors can be used for an effective increase of system level exactness.
Soil moisture seasonality alters vegetation response to drought in the Mongolian Plateau
Authors: Lu Zihan , Peng Shushi , Slette Ingrid , Cheng Guoquan , Li Xiran , Chen Anping 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Mongolian Plateau (MP) experienced the most severe decadal drought of the past two millennia from 2000 to 2009 and several shorter-term droughts in the 2010s. Using satellite-based near-infrared reflectance of vegetation (

NI

R

V

), we examined changes in vegetation productivity of the MP from 2000 to 2018. During this time, soil moisture in March (

S

M

Mar

) mainly determined spring

NI

R

V

, and early-summer (June and July) precipitation mainly determined summer

NI

R

V

.

Our study revealed three distinct periods: the severely dry period of 2000–2009, recovery in 2010–2012, and a relatively stable period with occasional short-term droughts after 2012. While vegetation productivity experienced a significant decrease during the severe decadal drought, summer and spring productivity quickly recovered after 2010, following an increase in growing season (GS) rainfall and winter snowfall. Greater

S

M

Mar

, which resulted from previous GS precipitation, contributed to smaller declines in vegetation productivity during the short-term droughts in 2014, 2015 and 2017. The decline in vegetation productivity during the severe decadal drought damaged livestock operations in Mongolia, but had a limited effect on operations in Inner Mongolia of China, where human intervention is stronger. Given evidence that drought impacts are increasing worldwide, it is important to understand the factors determining ecosystem drought responses. Many drought studies have focused on GS precipitation, but our results show that pre-GS SM can play an important role in determining drought impacts. Our results also demonstrate that strong interventions will be needed in order to sustain livestock operations during intensifying drought.
Phase transition in random noncommutative geometries
Authors: Khalkhali Masoud , Pagliaroli Nathan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe present an analytic proof of the existence of phase transition in the largeNlimit of certain random noncommutative geometries. These geometries can be expressed as ensembles of Dirac operators. When they reduce to single matrix ensembles, one can apply the Coulomb gas method to find the empirical spectral distribution. We elaborate on the nature of the largeNspectral distribution of the Dirac operator itself. Furthermore, we show that these models exhibit both a single and double cut region for certain values of the order parameter and find the exact value where the transition occurs.