bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi Land Use Approach towards Sustainable Baghdad City: Bab Al-Muatham Garage as a Case Study
Authors: Mohamedmeki Mohammed Zuhair , Al-Mumaiz Maha 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Baghdad city suffers from random urbanized expansion and highly congested roads. The city environment has been badly affected by its air pollution and low green coverage. Through this paper, a Multi Land Use (MLU) approach is presented to provide areas for commercial and domestic purposes without needing to consume more green coverage of the city and also transform the neighbour land use to one place and change them to green areas. According to the results of this research, it was found that the bus terminals is the best choice for MLU and there are many places in Baghdad available to be MLU. Towards this, satellite images and CAD software have been used to find these terminal places and areas saving possibility. This is done by transforming neighbour land uses to be MLU in one place. These terminals were classified according to their areas into small (less than 10,000 m2), medium (between 10,000 to 40,000 m2) and big (more than 40,000 m2). For terminals of small and medium areas, shopping centres and hotels can be constructed over them, while for the big terminals, student accommodations and flats for domestic purposes can also be built over these terminals, in addition to shopping centres and hotels. As a case study for this research, the Bab Al-Muatham bus terminal was illustrated. The results showed that this bus terminal can be changed to be MLU and can save an area of more than 50,000 m2 through transforming the surrounding land uses to be MLU and change the transformed lands to be green areas.
Influence of Waste Rubbers Particle Size as Partial Substitution with Coarse Aggregate on Compressive property and water absorption ratio of Concrete
Authors: Muttashar Majid , Alomari Kasim , Al-Umar Mohammad 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The enormous development on production of vehicles resulted in growing amount of waste tires rubber. Consequently, waste rubber is considered as one of the most waste materials that might cause environmental problems. Incorporating tires rubbers in concrete pavement has been widely studied as one of the promising and sustainable solutions to these current environmental problems. This paper explored the effect of replacing coarse aggregate with waste tires rubber according to their sieve sizes. Three replacement ratios were suggested to substitute the coarse aggregate in concrete of 5 wt. %, 10% and 15%. Two replacement techniques were chosen in order to investigate the rubber particle size. The results illustrated that the compressive strength reduced by 8.5, 51% for 5 to 15 % replacing from all particle sizes. While it shows lower percentage of 0.3 to 11%, 12 to 19% and 7 to 17% for replacing 5 to 15% from sieve #20 to #4.75, respectively. The dry density for all samples decreased slightly with increasing rubber percentage. Furthermore, water absorption ratios of the tested samples were comparable with the reference sample by replacing from each sieve separately. In contrast, it shows higher increase by replacing from all sieves.
Influence of Nanoclay on the Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Slabs
Authors: Naji Hanadi F. , Khalid Nibras N. , Alsaraj Wissam K. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
the impact of using various percentage of nanoclay on the mechanical properties of concrete and on the flexural capacity of reinforced concrete two-way slabs was achieved in this study. The percentage of nanoclay content are (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%,8%, 10%) weight percent of cement, and in addition to the use of polypropylene content of 1.5%. The investigated mechanical properties of concrete were compressive strength, sp1itting tensi1e strength and f1exural strength. Six specimens of RC two way slabs were cast using those various content of nanocaly, the slabs were simply supported condition and under uniform load. Test indicated revealed significant improvement in the mechanical properties of concrete by using nanoclay due to its high pozzolanic activity which verifies the higher amount formation of C-S-H gel in the due to the presence of nanoparticles. When nanoclay proportion increased from 2% to 8%, the compressive strength increased about 3%, and 12.4%, respectively for samples with polypropylene equals 1.5%. While the splitting tensile strength increased by 4% up to 39.4% when using the same nanoclay proportion about 2% to 8%, respectively. The flexural modulus of rupture increased by 6%, and 36%, respectively for the same nanoclay proportion and polypropylene fiber content. The ultimate load capacity of the RC slabs increased by (12.5%) up to (66%) when the nanoclay content increased from (2% to 8%). However, using 10% nanoclay reduced the strength of the slab. In addition, different failure modes was observed for the slabs when using different percentage of nanoclay content.
Torsion strength enhancement of RC hollow beam web using steel diaphragms as in-plane technique
Authors: Jasem Areej Abbas , Aziz Ali Hameed 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSometimes the construction system complexity or beam’s geometry imposes some difficulties in performing an external strengthening for RC hollow beam web. The main challenge is to select a proper strengthening method to overcome its low torsion strength to inplane and out-of-plane stresses. Accordingly, the main goal of this research is to judge the possibility to adopt or (suggest) a certain internal in-plane technique to enhance the torsion strength. Six hollow beam web specimens of dimensions (1600×200×200mm) are tested experimentally under torsion effect. The major adopted variables including, the presence or absence of in-plane diaphragms, number of in-plane diaphragms (one, three and five), and strengthen the in-plane steel diaphragm with CFRP sheet on one or both faces. The experimental results show the ultimate torque increased by about (36%, 73% and 100%) for the tested specimens strengthened by one, three and five in-plane diaphragms respectively. On the other hand, the ultimate torque capacity was increased by about (53-55%) for beam specimens which contain one steel diaphragm strengthened by one and two CFRP sheets at their faces respectively, in comparison with the non-strengthened beam. It can be concluded that the torsional capacity has been enhanced due to the contribution of the adopted method.
Modeling the impact of rainwater harvesting on stormwater runoff
Authors: Azawi H 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
One way to save water is rainwater harvesting (RWH). For highly urbanized areas, the advantages of RWH include not only collecting water but also mitigating the negative impacts of stormwater runoff on receiving water bodies. In this research, the use of RWH is investigated along with Permeable Pavement to reduce runoff volume and peak flow in Al-Huryai city, a small watershed in central Baghdad, Iraq as a case study using a Personalized Computer Storm Water Management Model (PCSWMM). The simulation results showed that RWH has a significant impact on runoff reduction when compiled with Al-Huryai-PP scenario. The peak flow rates for Al-Huryai as-is scenario and Al-Huryai-PP+RWH scenario were 0.004 m3/s and 0.0038 respectively. Thus, the predevelopment conditions were met and flooding was controlled.
Transient Stability Improvement based on Optimal Power Flow using Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Al-Bahrani Layth Tawfeeq 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOptimal Power Flow (OPF) is one of most important aspect in power system operation and control. It is a non linear optimization problem based on minimization an objective function such as the active power losses, fuel cost, voltage deviation, voltage stability, reliability evaluation,…etc. Transient stability analysis is an important concept to determine whether the system is stable or not when a heavy disturbance such as the fault or loss of generation or a sudden large increased in the load,…etc occur in the system. In this article the transient stability according to the fault occurrence are used as a constraint in the optimal power flow, where minimization a three objective function of the active power losses, the fuel cost of thermal generation units and the voltage deviation at the load buses separately for each one can improve the transient stability and keep all the generators in the synchronization system. Particle Swarm Optimization PSO of an artificial intelligence optimization techniques has been used for this purpose. Minimization the objective function can be satisfied by choosing an optimal control variables from their constraints keeping the state variables in their limits. The control variables in this article are the generator voltage magnitude, the transformer tap changer and the generator active power except the slack generator while the state variables are the stability system based on increasing the clearing time of the circuit breaker, the slack generator active power, the generator reactive power and the magnitude of the load voltage. Increasing the clearing time of the circuit breaker leads to increase the maximum value of the generator rotor angle and go towards the instability system. The maximum clearing time that keep the system stable is called the Critical Clearing Time TCC. This article used the Optimal Power Flow with Transient Stability as a constraint to increase the Critical Clearing Time TCC with stable system. The proposed algorithm has been tested on the two systems of IEEE 9 bus and IEEE 30 bus and compare the result with other reference. The implementation of this work are programming by the author using matlab software.
Performance Improvement of a DC/DC Converter Using Neural Network Controller in comparison with Different Controllers
Authors: Almawlawe Muhanad D. Hashim , Al-badri Muhammad , Alsakini Issam Hayder 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Controlling a system is a complicated job, especially when we talk about the nonlinearity of the system introduced by the external changes. This paper presents the procedure of designing, analysis, and verification of nonlinear autoregressive moving average controller (NARMA L2) as an artificial intelligence technique to track the output voltage of a Buck dc/dc converter in comparison with PID controller, digitalized sliding mode controller so as to reduce the ripples in output voltage and to suppress the transient overshoots, or in other words, enhance the transient response diversity of the plant in the case of load and line changes. In this technique, a back-propagation learning algorithm is derived to increase the effectiveness of the proposed controller. Finally, the proposed method of control using a neural network controller is designed using MATLAB/SIMULINK and the results of the converter for the Neuro controller are compared with different techniques of control.
Step-Down DC-DC Converter Using Coupled-Inductors and Passive Clamped Circuit
Authors: Al-Zubaidi Saif , Alkhafaji Mohammed H , Al-kawaz Wael N 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A novel step-down DC-DC converter configuration is adopted in this paper. The new converter makes use the closed inversely coupled inductors topology. The proposed technique targeting the suppression of high content of switching noise that commonly accompanies the stepping-down converter circuits. This can be achieved by restraining the induced back electromotive force in the prime inductor. The induced back electromotive force is a result of discontinuous flow of line current in the prime inductor. The proposed technique preserves an uninterrupted stream of line current through-out the prime inductor which results in a considerable depression in the induced back electromotive force and consequently minimises the switching noise and enhancing the power conversion efficiency. A unique design of passive clamped circuit using coupled inductors is also proposed in this converter architecture. The leakage energies of the prime and the coupled-inductors can be recycled using the new passive clamped circuit and the captured energy can be then transferred to the load side alongside with the source or input energy. As a result, an efficiency improvement of the new converter can be achieved and the voltage stress on the power switches and diodes can be reduced. Circuit configuration, principles of operation and the transfer function of the new converter are figured out. The proposed concept of the new conversion technique is verified by the experimental and the simulated results of a range of case studies.
A survey on the use of WiMAX and Wi-Fi on Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs)
Authors: Abdulshaheed Haider Rasheed , Yaseen Zeyad Taha , Salman Adil M. , Al_Barazanchi Israa 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
With the continuous development of wireless communication technology and vehicle industry VANET as of recent is one of the most research niches. VANET is a technology that makes use of motion vehicles as a node in a network for the creation of a mobile network. Although there is a close characteristic between VANET and MANET (Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks), VANET has special features that differentiate it from MANET. VANET offers a vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to infrastructure communication. VANET also make sure there is no break of routing path before the transmission end. VANET is a challenging domain that has created a platform for many applications to find their place. Enough time is still needed for the implementation of large-scale practical though this field has been under rigorous study for over two decades. The possibility of having vehicular connectivity has been triggered by the ever-increasing wireless connectivity and computational ability of recent vehicles. Many potential vehicular network applications have been proposed in different niches like information, safety, entertainment and traffic infrastructure management. These applications in these aforementioned applications require available wireless medium utilization of both new and existing wireless technologies. VANET comprises of two technologies known as WiMAX and Wi-Fi. The goal of this survey was to ascertain the best technology among the two technologies. In other to achieve this goal, a thorough investigation was carried out together with an evaluation on V2V2I VANET where Wi-Fi was used for amid vehicle (V2V) interaction and WiMAX used for vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) interaction. This survey begins with the VANET architecture, then discusses the characteristics and challenges of VANET, applications, before ending with a comparison of the two technologies that made of VANET, the experimental approach used, future perspectives, result and conclusion.
Connectivity optimization in interference-limited random DSA networks
Authors: Hussein Osama Abbas 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Network connectivity in dynamic spectrum access (DSA) networks has been well studied–most of which are under the unit disk model. However, the disk model does not capture the primary-secondary and secondary-secondary interference; hence signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) based models are more appropriate. Moreover, in the SINR regime, there is no unique way to characterize connectivity and hence its maximization becomes even more challenging.
In this paper, we develop the long eluding network connectivity objective function which we use to build three connectivity optimization techniques each of which targets a particular network setup. The proposed techniques are: i) Fittest deployment density, ii) Fittest receive-only ratio, and iii) Fittest TDMA slotting.
To develop the aforementioned objective function, we start by addressing the lack of any relation between deployment density and network connectivity in interference-limited DSA networks. Next, percolation theory in conjunction with the Boolean model are utilized to develop such a relationship between the density of the percolation visible nodes and the network connectivity in interference limited environments. Finally, we use that relation to build the objective function for connectivity maximization along three optimization techniques. Theoretical findings are validated by simulating networks under various scenarios. Results provide a blueprint to establish and maximize connectivity using physical layer parameters (density, coverage radius, etc.) which can be used in conjunction with higher layer techniques. Also, tackling the connectivity problem at the physical layer relieves the other higher layers like the MAC layer from excess signaling and complex protocol designs.
Improvement of “Text Steganography Based on Unicode of Characters in Multilingual” by Custom Font with Special Properties
Authors: Baawi Salwa Shakir , Nasrawi Dhamyaa A. , abdulameer Lina Talib 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Since computer utilization is expanding, for both social and trade ranges, secure communications through channels got to be an exceptionally critical issue. Information hiding away could be a strategy to get a secure communication medium and securing the data amid transmission. Text documents have very less redundant information as compared to the images and audio, therefore, text steganography is most challenging. This paper aims to improve “text steganography based on Unicode of characters in multilingual” by design new font with special properties for purposes of hiding data. Furthermore, this method based on making the same glyphs for the multiple codes, the Set of High-Frequency Letters called SHFL in the English language was chosen for the embedding process. The hiding method replaces the code of English symbol with other code that has the same glyph exactly. Two bits are hidden at once, utilizing glyph1 for hiding 00 and utilizing glyph2, glyph3, and glyph4 for hiding 01, 10, and 11. The improvement increases the steganography capacity, transparency and improves the security and robustness of the text stego file.
The effect of the optical fiber design on reducing the nonlinear characteristics of the optical fiber
Authors: Mohammed Zahraa H , Abid Zainab M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Fiber Bragg Grating FBG Works as a filter within a specific range to counteract the light whose wavelength is within the filter range and allows the light whose wavelength is outside the range of the filter to pass through the carrier light-medium. In communications (fiber-optic) the FBG is used to separate the optical signals. In this paper, the nonlinear optical properties study for optical transmission that consists of an optical transmitter that is transmitting the signal to two different fiber design first is single-mode fiber and second is Coarse Wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) fiber. Then we enter the Bragg Grating on these two fiber and studies the effect of the Bragg on them. The nonlinear optical characteristic (Q factor and bit error rate BER) is calculated for different fiber length (Km) and input power (dBm) applied on these two fibers and found the best fiber type that has a high Q factor and zero BER. By using optiwave software and matlab (R2015) software program to measure the quality factor, eye diagram and BER of the received signal at the receiver, Results are obtained and installed with graphs and tables.
Performance Optimization of Image Transmission based Turbo and Precoder codes
Authors: Jafaar Awatif A , Abd Zainab M , Abbas Nidaa H 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The amazing performance of the concatenated codes led to attract many researchers to study these characteristics and use theme in many applications in recent years. Because the concatenated code theory is not built from the previous theories, so the characteristics of these codes remain under study and clarification. Recently, the concatenated codes became one of the main options for forward error correcting codes (FEC) in third generation mobile standards such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System UMTS. This paper investigates the effect joint source –and channel coding which is considered a proficient system for wireless transmission. A new class of FEC is used which is known as a precoder of rate 1 as inner code and non recursive turbo code as outer encoder for hybrid system and then compared with the performance of UMTS turbo code standard for DCT compressed image.
Optimize Cellular Network Performance Using Phased Arrays
Authors: Bashar Bashar S. , Ismail Marwa M. , Talib Al-Sharify Mushtaq 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In conventional telecommunication systems, the base station does not know the user equipment location; it broadcast in all directions to fully cover the entire cell area. This represents power waste in addition to transmitting the signal in directions where users do not exist, which seen as interference for co-channel cells. This reduces SNR that limits the capacity and impedes the use of the spectrum effectively. This consideration led to the use of smart antenna (SA) technology that uses the Space-division multiple access (SDMA technique, Based on extracting spatial data for users within the network. In this work, Phased Arrays are used to improve the performance of the GSM network in terms of (decrease power, raise coverage, increase capacity, reduce co-channel interference) with the comparison to conventional antennas. Simulation has studied and realized using Matlab, simulation results, and performances have presented. Introduction.
Modelling of a Four-Beam Antenna System Based on a Mirror Antenna
Authors: Attaby Aqeel Lateef Khudhair , Behadili Ahmed Sabri Ghazi , Abbas Maytham Khudhair 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the simulation of the four-beam antenna system of the centimeter range based on a mirror antenna, whereas the central frequency of the working range was considered 10 GHz. Besides, the comparative analysis was conducted for various antenna systems. Also, the terraced arrangement of four irradiators (feedhorns) was used in a reflector antenna because it showed an improvement in the energy characteristics compared to a flat design. The simulation of a two-mirror antenna presented decreasing in the directional coefficient and increasing in the level of side lobes as result of multipath using case.
Controlling Switched Dc-Dc Converter Using ANFIS in Comparison with PID Controller
Authors: Alsakini Issam Hayder , Almawlawe Muhanad D. , Dahham Israa Amer 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The non-linear behaviour of the Dc-Dc converters which appears mainly because of different causes such as disturbances, aging of materials, source instability which makes control process as a difficult task to overcome, many control techniques are employed such as PID controllers which works under linear operating conditions and fails with non-linear systems, so in order to reach a good dynamics, good performance and a good insensitivity to perturbations and parameter uncertainties, an artificial intelligence control strategy namely ANFIS has been used which does not need the mathematical model of the plant and automatically overcome the changing conditions as well. In this paper, a MATLAB/Simulink inspection is established to design a prototype model for such a converter with two different control principles (PID, and ANFIS) for Comparative purposes. In ANFIS controller two input parameters and one output (error signal, and rate of change in error) are considered, this voltage controller ensures better dynamic behaviour and superior performance compared to PID controller in regulating the output voltage.