bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining learning with family responsibilities: European women in comparative perspective
Authors: Melesk Kirsti 
Published: September 2020

PurposeWhile women in most European societies still carry the largest burden in caring for the family, there is also an important unrealised learning interest among women. This has an impact on women's labour market and career opportunities. This paper aims at analysing empirically the role of family obligations in women's ability to realise their learning interests and how this differs across societal and institutional contexts across Europe.Design/methodology/approachThe paper makes use of the second wave of Adult Education Survey from 2011, including data from 22 European countries. The article focuses on women aged 25–55 – an age group most affected by parental obligations. Logistic regression models are used to compare the effect that children in the household have on women's learning barriers across country groups of different family policy arrangements.FindingsThe results confirm empirically the situational nature of family barriers to learning as they grow and decline depending on the age of children. However, the level of intensity and the period when family-related barriers remain relevant for women vary across European countries.Originality/valueThis paper provides new insights into how women's caring obligations shape their labour market and career opportunities, focussing on the ability to take up adult learning. Involving data from 22 countries, including Eastern European countries, provides a broad look into the differing contexts shaping women's opportunities across Europe.
Does emotional intelligence and empowering leadership affect psychological empowerment and work engagement?
Authors: Alotaibi Saad M. , Amin Muslim , Winterton Jonathan 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThe objective of this study is to investigate the role of emotional intelligence and empowering leadership in enhancing psychological empowerment and work engagement in private hospitals.Design/methodology/approachA total of 500 questionnaires were distributed to staff nurses at five private hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 100 questionnaires to each hospital, with an achieved response rate of 34.8%.FindingsThe results show statistically significant positive relationships between emotional intelligence, empowering leadership, psychological empowerment and work engagement. The relationship between emotional intelligence and work engagement and psychological empowerment and work engagement were not significant.Research limitations/implicationsThe study found that employees who have a high level of emotional intelligence and the positive stimulus of empowering leadership demonstrate enhanced psychological empowerment and work engagement.Practical implicationsA better understanding of the role of EI and EL in enhancing psychological empowerment and work engagement could help hospitals reduce turnover among nurses and improve their relationships with patients, as well as maintaining competitive advantage.Originality/valueThe study provides evidence to support the effect of EI on empowering leadership, psychological empowerment and work engagement in private hospitals.
Functional diversity of microboringOstreobiumalgae isolated from corals
Authors: Massé Anaïs , Tribollet Aline , Meziane Tarik , Bourguet‐Kondracki Marie‐Lise , Yéprémian Claude , Sève Charlotte , Thiney Najet , Longeon Arlette , Couté Alain , Domart‐Coulon Isabelle 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThe filamentous chlorophyteOstreobiumsp. dominates shallow marine carbonate microboring communities, and is one of the major agents of reef bioerosion. While its large genetic diversity has emerged, its physiology remains little known, with unexplored relationship between genotypes and phenotypes (endolithicversusfree‐living growth forms). Here, we isolated nine strains affiliated to two lineages ofOstreobium(>8% sequence divergence of the plastid generbcL), one of which was assigned to the family Odoaceae, from the fast‐growing coral hostPocillopora acutaLamarck 1816. Free‐living isolates maintained their bioerosive potential, colonizing pre‐bleached coral carbonate skeletons. We compared phenotypes, highlighting shifts in pigment and fatty acid compositions, carbon to nitrogen ratios and stable isotope compositions (δ13C and δ15N). Our data show a pattern of higher chlorophyllband lower arachidonic acid (20:4ω6) content in endolithicversusfree‐livingOstreobium. Photosynthetic carbon fixation and nitrate uptake, quantified via 8 h pulse‐labeling with13C‐bicarbonate and15N‐nitrate, showed lower isotopic enrichment in endolithic compared to free‐living filaments. Our results highlight the functional plasticity ofOstreobiumphenotypes. The isotope tracer approach opens the way to further study the biogeochemical cycling and trophic ecology of these cryptic algae at coral holobiont and reef scales.
AI‐Powered mental health chatbots: Examining users’ motivations, active communicative action and engagement after mass‐shooting disasters
Authors: Cheng Yang , Jiang Hua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChatbots are gaining their popularity in society and have triggered heated discussions in academia as well. Currently, few studies explored the applications of AI‐powered mental health chatbots in a mass‐shooting disaster context. Via integrating literature from multi‐disciplines such as crisis management, mental health and digital communication, this quantitative study intends to contribute to close this gap and explore the associations between perceived gratifications and protection motivations of using mental health chatbot services, active communicative action, and online and offline engagement behaviours of solving mental health problems after disasters. This study surveyed 1,114 US participants who ever used chatbot services from top healthcare companies. Implications of the results enhance theoretical discussions on how artificial intelligence has shaped individuals’ motivations, communicative action and engagement behaviour to treat mental health problems. This study also benefits professionals who want to learn more about chatbots for mental healthcare, crisis management and customer engagement.
Associations between social and behavioural factors and the risk of late stillbirth – findings from the Midland and North of England Stillbirth case‐control study
Authors: Heazell AEP , Budd J , Smith LK , Li M , Cronin R , Bradford B , McCowan LME , Mitchell EA , Stacey T , Roberts D , Thompson JMD 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate behavioural and social characteristics of women who experienced a late stillbirth compared with women with ongoing live pregnancies at similar gestation.DesignCase‐control study.Setting41 maternity units in the UK.PopulationWomen who had a stillbirth ≥28 weeks’ gestation (n = 287) and women with an ongoing pregnancy at the time of interview (n = 714).MethodsData were collected using an interviewer‐administered questionnaire which included questions regarding women’s behaviours (e.g. alcohol intake and household smoke exposure) and social characteristics (e.g. ethnicity, employment, housing). Stress was measured by the 10‐item Perceived Stress Scale.Main outcome measureLate stillbirth.ResultsMultivariable analysis adjusting for co‐existing social and behavioural factors showed women living in the most deprived quintile had an increased risk of stillbirth compared with the least deprived quintile (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.16; 95% CI 1.47–6.77). There was an increased risk of late stillbirth associated with unemployment (aOR 2.32; 95% CI 1.00–5.38) and women who declined to answer the question about domestic abuse (aOR 4.12; 95% CI 2.49–6.81). A greater number of antenatal visits than recommended was associated with a reduction in stillbirth (aOR 0.26; 95% CI 0.16–0.42).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates associations between late stillbirth and socio‐economic deprivation, perceived stress and domestic abuse, highlighting the need for strategies to prevent stillbirth to extend beyond maternity care. Enhanced antenatal care may be able to mitigate some of the increased risk of stillbirth.Tweetable AbstractDeprivation, unemployment, social stress & declining to answer about domestic abuse increase risk of #stillbirth after 28 weeks’ gestation.
Oral administration of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. leaves extract protects against atherosclerosis by improving macrophage function in ApoE knockout mice
Authors: Hashikawa‐Hobara Narumi , Hashikawa Naoya , Sugiman Nao , Hosoo Shingo , Hirata Tetsuya , Yamaguchi Yasuyo , Yamasaki Hiroo , Kawasaki Hiromu , Nishibe Sansei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEucommia leaf extract (ELE) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. We investigated the effect of ELE on the development of atherosclerosis and changes in peritoneal macrophage function in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE–/–) mice. At 8 weeks of age, ApoE–/– mice were randomly divided into three groups that were fed a high‐fat diet blended with 0% (control), 5% or 10% ELE for a period of 7 weeks. The 10% ELE dose caused an approximately 36% reduction in atherosclerotic lesions, as estimated by oil red O staining. Real‐time PCR analysis showed that the 1‐week treatment with ELE reduced mRNA levels of Tnf‐alpha, Il‐1, and Mif in peritoneal macrophages isolated from the ApoE–/– mice. Furthermore, a 1‐week treatment with the 10% ELE diet significantly reduced migration and adhesion functions in peritoneal macrophages. These results suggest that a 10% ELE diet reduces atherosclerotic lesions and modulates macrophage function by reducing cytokine expression.Practical ApplicationEucommia leaf extract (ELE) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that reduces atherosclerotic lesions and suppresses inflammatory cytokines expression.
Determination of volatile compounds responsible for sensory characteristics from Brazilian extra virgin olive oil using HS‐SPME/GC‐MS direct method
Authors: da Costa Jadson Romualdo Oliveira , Dal Bosco Simone Morelo , Ramos Renata Cristina de Souza , Machado Isabel Cristina Kasper , Garavaglia Juliano , Villasclaras Sebastián Sánchez 
Published: September 2020

AbstractProducing of extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) containing pleasant sensory notes depends on fruits quality and production process and is strongly associated with their classification that is based on aroma and sensory taste. Consolidated as an efficient method, the direct headspace solid phase microextraction technique (HS‐SPME) was utilized to characterize the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) profile, which contributes to the aroma of olive oils from southwestern (Serra da Mantiqueira region) and southern (Campanha Gaúcha region) Brazil. In this work, the relationship between the VOCs and sensory characteristics has been established; 19 EVOO samples (12 from Campanha Gaúcha and 7 from Serra da Mantiqueira) were studied. Indeed, the main volatile compounds were analyzed and grouped by their classification as well stood up with the trained sensorial panel perceptions. Relevant correlation between artichoke notes and ripe EVOO and between herbaceous notes and green EVOO was found. Additional correlations were observed for C5 and C6 VOCs with green and fruit/floral notes. The results denote the high quality among the samples and imply that besides the genetic factor, ripe or green classification influenced the volatile composition.Practical ApplicationAs the Brazilian olive oil production is increasing, knowing about different sensory characteristics and its correlation with the volatile compounds of extra virgin olive oil represents a good tool to improve the quality. Moreover, the application of direct SPME method was possible evidence in the differentiation of ripe and green olive oils, beyond the production region and in consonance with its sensory notes and characteristics.
Antibrowning effect of commercial and acid‐heat coagulated whey on potatoes during refrigerated storage
Authors: Palamutoğlu Recep 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPotato color turns to brown after some process such as peeling, cutting, and slicing. In this research, the effect of acid‐heat coagulated whey and commercial whey solutions on the color, polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase activity, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide content of potatoes were compared with pure water (control) immersion and sodium hydrogen sulfide solution. According to color results, there was no significant (P > 0.05) difference was found in the L* and b* values, browning index, and whitening index of the treatment groups. The polyphenol oxidase activity of the sulfide and commercial whey solution groups decreased from the initial values on day 3 then increased over that value. The use of the whey solution in preventing polyphenol oxidase activity showed a similar curve with the use of the sulfide solution. A rapid increase was observed in the malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide values of all treatment groups during the first 3‐day storage.Practical ApplicationImmersion of potato cubes to whey protein solution prevents the browning and inhibits polyphenol oxidase activity. The browning index of the samples was not affected by the immersing water or whey solutions
Effects and mechanism of tea polyphenols on the quality of oil during frying process
Authors: Gao Hao‐Xiang , Yu Jie , Chen Nan , Zeng Wei‐Cai 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe effects and action mechanism of tea polyphenols (TP) on the quality of rapeseed oil during frying process were investigated. Results showed that compared with control, TP (0.04%, w/w) exhibited the remarkable ability to inhibit the deterioration of acid value, peroxide value, anisidine value, viscosity, and color of frying oil. By using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, frying oil with TP showed the higher content of unsaturated fatty acids (72.79%) and lower content of trans fatty acids (3.36%) than those of control. Meanwhile, frying oil with TP had a higher total phenolic content than control at the same frying time. In addition, the thermo gravimetric‐differential scanning calorimetry results showed that TP could increase the oxidation stability of rapeseed oil. Furthermore, according to the Fourier transform infrared and molecular dynamic simulation results, TP could reduce the breaking degree of = C–H bond, C–O–C bond, and C = C bond in oil molecules, and inhibit the oxidation of oil components by inhibiting the generation of free radicals and eliminating free radicals. All present results suggested that TP showed the potential value to be used for protecting the quality of oil during the frying process in food and chemical industries.Practical ApplicationsThe inhibitory effect of tea polyphenols on the deterioration of quality of rapeseed oil during frying was found and the mechanism had also preliminarily interpretation. This work provided a method for monitoring the quality of fry oil and provided the theoretical basis for the use of tea polyphenols in frying.
Effect of degree of milling on the cadmium in vitro bioaccessibility in cooked rice
Authors: Peng Lanlan , Chen Jiwang , Chen Lu , Ding Wenping , Gao Yonggui , Wu Yongning , Xiong Youling L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCadmium (Cd) contamination in rice grain is common worldwide. This study investigated the effect of degree of milling (DM) on the reduction of Cd in cooked rice grain and porridge (rice‐to‐water ratios 1:1.6 and 1:10, respectively) and Cd in vitro bioaccessibility. Cd‐contaminated rice grains with DMs of 20%, 15%, and 0% were cooked and then subjected to successive digestion in a gastrointestinal environment model. Simulated‐digestion juices, including saliva, gastric juice, duodenal juice, and bile juice, were used. The degree of gelatinization of cooked rice was measured and the morphological characteristics of the grain were also examined. The results showed that the Cd in vitro bioaccessibility, although less than 50% in all samples, was gradually increased with an increase of DM. The detected Cd bioaccessibility was higher at half meals (reduced grain content) when compared with full meals (full grain content). As DM increased, the surface of cooked rice grain and porridge became smoother, and the amount of fiber, fat droplets, and starch granules were gradually decreased, whereas degree of gelatinization increased. The results indicate that DM affects the Cd in vitro bioaccessibility in cooked rice by altering the gelatinization of starch.Practical ApplicationDegree of milling (DM) significantly influenced the in vitro bioaccessibility of cadmium (Cd) in cooked rice. This work may offer a potential solution to the rice grain with high Cd content because a limited DM will allow a low bioaccessibility of Cd.
Racial and ethnic disparities in the delayed diagnosis of appendicitis among children
Authors: Goyal Monika K. , Chamberlain James M. , Webb Michael , Grundmeier Robert W. , Johnson Tiffani J. , Lorch Scott A. , Zorc Joseph J. , Alessandrini Evaline , Bajaj Lalit , Cook Lawrence , Alpern Elizabeth R. ,   for the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN)
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAppendicitis is the most common surgical condition in pediatric emergency department (ED) patients. Prompt diagnosis can reduce morbidity, including appendiceal perforation. The goal of this study was to measure racial/ethnic differences in rates of 1) appendiceal perforation, 2) delayed diagnosis of appendicitis, and 3) diagnostic imaging during prior visit(s).MethodsThis was a 3‐year multicenter (seven EDs) retrospective cohort study of children diagnosed with appendicitis using the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network Registry. Delayed diagnosis was defined as having at least one prior ED visit within 7 days preceding appendicitis diagnosis. We performed multivariable logistic regression to measure associations of race/ethnicity (non‐Hispanic [NH]‐white, NH‐Black, Hispanic, other) with 1) appendiceal perforation, 2) delayed diagnosis of appendicitis, and 3) diagnostic imaging during prior visit(s).ResultsOf 7,298 patients with appendicitis and documented race/ethnicity, 2,567 (35.2%) had appendiceal perforation. In comparison to NH‐whites, NH‐Black children had higher likelihood of perforation (36.5% vs. 34.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.21 [95% confidence interval {CI} = 1.01 to 1.45]). A total of 206 (2.8%) had a delayed diagnosis of appendicitis. NH‐Black children were more likely to have delayed diagnoses (4.7% vs. 2.0%; aOR = 1.81 [95% CI = 1.09 to 2.98]). Eighty‐nine (43.2%) patients with delayed diagnosis had abdominal imaging during their prior visits. In comparison to NH‐whites, NH‐Black children were less likely to undergo any imaging (28.2% vs. 46.2%; aOR = 0.41 [95% CI = 0.18 to 0.96]) or definitive imaging (e.g., ultrasound/computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging; 10.3% vs. 35.9%; aOR = 0.15 [95% CI = 0.05 to 0.50]) during prior visits.ConclusionsIn this multicenter cohort, there were racial disparities in appendiceal perforation. There were also racial disparities in rates of delayed diagnosis of appendicitis and diagnostic imaging during prior ED visits. These disparities in diagnostic imaging may lead to delays in appendicitis diagnosis and, thus, may contribute to higher perforation rates demonstrated among minority children.
Designing learning experiences for outdoor hybrid learning spaces
Authors: Mettis Kadri , Väljataga Terje 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWith the support of various personal and institutional mobile technologies, numerous physical and virtual spaces can be turned into interesting and motivating hybrid learning settings. By its nature, outdoor mobile learning happens on the move is connected to specific locations and settings inviting learners to study their surroundings, inquire about natural phenomena and solve complex real‐life problems. This poses challenges for teachers to design meaningful, contextualized and comprehensive learning experiences. The paper aims to explore what kind of mobile learning scenarios K‐12 teachers create and what are the limitations and development perspectives of these scenarios. Content analysis of 25 location‐based outdoor learning tracks with 465 questions and tasks was carried out. The results demonstrate that designing and implementing learning activities outside the safe, familiar classroom environment in new hybrid learning spaces is a challenging task for the teachers on many different levels. Taking Bloom’s revised taxonomy, types of contextualization and integrated learning models as frameworks for content analysis of the learning scenarios, the study shows that the teachers do not perceive the potential hybrid spaces and mobile technologies offer in order to design consistent learning experiences that emphasize higher order thinking levels, encompass contextual information and integrate knowledge from multiple disciplinary sources. The paper concludes that there is a need for more teacher training and systemic interventions into current teaching practices that encourage teachers to step outside of their existing teaching paradigms to acknowledge the pedagogical potential of hybrid learning spaces as well as the technological affordances.
Low‐temperature thermochronology as a control on vertical movements for semi‐quantitative source‐to‐sink analysis: A case study for the Permian to Neogene of Morocco and surroundings
Authors: Charton Rémi , Bertotti Giovanni , Duval Arnould Aude , Storms Joep E. A. , Redfern Jonathan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractContinental passive margins and their hinterlands in the Atlantic realm have been the locus of many Low Temperature Thermochronology (LTT) and time‐Temperature (t‐T) modelling studies that evidence pre‐, syn‐ and post‐rift episodic km‐scale exhumation and burial episodes. In this study, we integrate data from over 30 published LTT and t‐T modelling studies from Morocco and its surroundings using a three‐step workflow to obtain: (a) exhumation/burial rates, (b) erosion rates and (c) palaeoreconstructions of source‐to‐sink domains, between the Permian and the Present. Our synthesis of available t‐T modelling results predicts high exhumation rates in the Anti‐Atlas (0.1 km/Myr) during the Early to Middle Jurassic, and in the High Atlas (0.1 km/Myr) and Rif (up to 0.5 km/Myr) during the Neogene. These rates are comparable to values typical of rift flank, domal or structural uplifts settings. During the other investigated periods, exhumation rates in the Meseta, High‐Atlas, Anti‐Atlas and Reguibat shield are around 0.04 ± 0.02 km/Myr. Interpolation of the exhumation rates at the regional scale allow calculation of the volume of rocks eroded. Estimates of erosion rates are between 0.2 x 103and 7.5 x 103km3(in the Meseta and the Reguibat Shield respectively). Ten erosional (quantitative, from interpolation results) and depositional (qualitative, from data synthesis) “source‐and‐sink” maps have been constructed, with emphasis on the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. The maps integrate the extent of exhumed domains, using information from geological maps, lithofacies and biostratigraphic data from new geological fieldwork and well data from onshore and offshore basins. The results illustrate changes in the source‐to‐sink systems and allow for a better understanding of the Central Atlantic margin hinterlands evolution.