bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Media Survey and Web Posting Assessment of the COVID-19 Response in China: Health Worker Attitudes Toward Preparedness and Personal Protective Equipment Shortages
Authors: Huang Dayong , Shu Wen , Li Menglong , Ma Juntao , Li Ziang , Gong JiaJian , Khattab Nourhan M , Vermund Sten H , Hu Yifei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Understanding health worker awareness, attitudes, and self-confidence in the workplace can inform local and global responses toward emerging infectious threats, like the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Availability of accessible personal protective equipment (PPE) is vital to effective care and prevention.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey from February 24 to 28, 2020, to assess COVID-19 preparedness among health workers. In addition, we assessed trends from search engine web crawling and text-mining data trending over the Sina Weibo platform from January 1 to March 3, 2020. Data were abstracted on Chinese outbreak preparedness.

Results
In the survey, we engaged 6350 persons, of whom 1065 agreed to participate, and after an eligibility logic check, 1052 participated (16.6%). We accessed 412 internet posts as to PPE availability. Health workers who were satisfied with current preparedness to address COVID-19 were more likely to be female, to obtain knowledge about the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak from government organizations, and to consider their hospital prepared for outbreak management. Health workers with more confidence in their abilities to respond were those with more faith in their institution’s response capacities. Elements of readiness included having airborne infection isolation rooms, visitor control procedures, and training in precautions and PPE use. Both survey and web post assessments suggested that health workers in need were unable to reliably obtain PPE.

Conclusions
Health workers’ self-confidence depends on perceived institutional readiness. Failure to maintain available PPE inventory for emerging infectious diseases preparedness suggests a failure to learn key lessons from the 2003–2004 SARS outbreak in China.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Latinx Patients With COVID-19 in Comparison With Other Ethnic and Racial Groups
Authors: Izzy Saef , Tahir Zabreen , Cote David J , Al Jarrah Ali , Roberts Matthew Blake , Turbett Sarah , Kadar Aran , Smirnakis Stelios M , Feske Steven K , Zafonte Ross , Fishman Jay A , El Khoury Joseph 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
There is a limited understanding of the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the Latinx population. We hypothesized that Latinx patients would be more likely to be hospitalized and admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) than White patients.

Methods
We analyzed all patients with COVID-19 in 12 Massachusetts hospitals between February 1 and April 14, 2020. We examined the association between race, ethnicity, age, reported comorbidities, and hospitalization and ICU admission using multivariable regression.

Results
Of 5190 COVID-19 patients, 29% were hospitalized; 33% required the ICU, and 4.3% died. Forty-six percent of patients were White, 25% Latinx, 14% African American, and 3% Asian American. Ethnicity and race were significantly associated with hospitalization. More Latinx and African American patients in the younger age groups were hospitalized than whites. Latinxs and African Americans disproportionally required the ICU, with 39% of hospitalized Latinx patients requiring the ICU compared with 33% of African Americans, 24% of Asian Americans, and 30% of Whites (P &lt; .007). Within each ethnic and racial group, age and male gender were independently predictive of hospitalization. Previously reported preexisting comorbidities contributed to the need for hospitalization in all racial and ethnic groups (P &lt; .05). However, the observed disparities were less likely related to reported comorbidities, with Latinx and African American patients being admitted at twice the rate of Whites, regardless of such comorbidities.

Conclusions
Latinx and African American patients with COVID-19 have higher rates of hospitalization and ICU admission than White patients. The etiologies of such disparities are likely multifactorial and cannot be explained only by reported comorbidities.
Recent advances of deep learning in psychiatric disorders
Authors: Chen Lu , Xia Chunchao , Sun Huaiqiang 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Deep learning (DL) is a recently proposed subset of machine learning methods that has gained extensive attention in the academic world, breaking benchmark records in areas such as visual recognition and natural language processing. Different from conventional machine learning algorithm, DL is able to learn useful representations and features directly from raw data through hierarchical nonlinear transformations. Because of its ability to detect abstract and complex patterns, DL has been used in neuroimaging studies of psychiatric disorders, which are characterized by subtle and diffuse alterations. Here, we provide a brief review of recent advances and associated challenges in neuroimaging studies of DL applied to psychiatric disorders. The results of these studies indicate that DL could be a powerful tool in assisting the diagnosis of psychiatric diseases. We conclude our review by clarifying the main promises and challenges of DL application in psychiatric disorders, and possible directions for future research.
Mutual Fund Performance and Flows during the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Pástor Ľuboš , Vorsatz M Blair 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We present a comprehensive analysis of the performance and flows of U.S. actively managed equity mutual funds during the 2020 COVID-19 crisis. We find that most active funds underperform passive benchmarks during the crisis, contradicting a popular hypothesis. Funds with high sustainability ratings perform well, as do funds with high star ratings. Fund outflows surpass precrisis trends, but not dramatically. Investors favor funds that apply exclusion criteria and funds with high sustainability ratings, especially environmental ones. Our finding that investors remain focused on sustainability during this major crisis suggests they view sustainability as a necessity rather than a luxury good.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Sleep-related head jerks: toward a new movement disorder
Authors: Lopez Régis , Chenini Sofiène , Barateau Lucie , Rassu Anna-Laura , Evangelista Elisa , Abril Beatriz , Fanielle Julien , Vitello Nicolas , Jaussent Isabelle , Dauvilliers Yves 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Study Objectives
Sleep-related head jerks (SRHJ) are often considered as a physiological motor phenomenon, occurring mainly during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Their clinical relevance and links with other sleep parameters are unclear. We characterized the clinical and polysomnographic features of patients with excessive SRHJ and compare them with healthy controls and patients with isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD).

Methods
A total of 30 patients (19 males, 27.5 y.o., 16.0–51.0) with a REM-HJ index &gt;30/h were identified over a period of 5 years. All had a video-polysomnographic (PSG) recording to characterize the SRHJ, to assess associations with other sleep parameters and to quantify phasic and tonic electromyographic activity during REM sleep, compared with 30 healthy controls and 30 patients with iRBD.

Results
Five among the 30 patients had a primary complaint of involuntary nighttime head movements associated with sleepiness or non-restorative sleep. The mean REM-HJ index was 57.22/h ± 24.42, a nonperiodic pattern, stable across the sleep cycles, and with a low between-test variability (for the nine patients with two PSG assessments in untreated condition). REM-HJs were often associated with arousals (65.2%) and leg movements (38.1%) and less with respiratory events (9.6%), without association with increased phasic and tonic electromyographic activities. SRHJ were also found in 36.7% of controls and 56.7% of iRBD patients, but with a lower index in REM sleep (0.79/h ± 1.59 and 2.76/h ± 4.57).

Conclusions
Although SRHJ are frequent in the general population and with uncertain clinical significance, rare severe symptomatic forms should be individualized and eventually be categorized as a new sleep-related movement disorder, distinct from RBD and periodic leg movements.
Dexmedetomidine-induced deep sedation mimics non-rapid eye movement stage 3 sleep: large-scale validation using machine learning
Authors: Ramaswamy Sowmya M , Weerink Maud A S , Struys Michel M R F , Nagaraj Sunil B 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Study Objectives
Dexmedetomidine-induced electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns during deep sedation are comparable with natural sleep patterns. Using large-scale EEG recordings and machine learning techniques, we investigated whether dexmedetomidine-induced deep sedation indeed mimics natural sleep patterns.

Methods
We used EEG recordings from three sources in this study: 8,707 overnight sleep EEG and 30 dexmedetomidine clinical trial EEG. Dexmedetomidine-induced sedation levels were assessed using the Modified Observer’s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation (MOAA/S) score. We extracted 22 spectral features from each EEG recording using a multitaper spectral estimation method. Elastic-net regularization method was used for feature selection. We compared the performance of several machine learning algorithms (logistic regression, support vector machine, and random forest), trained on individual sleep stages, to predict different levels of the MOAA/S sedation state.

Results
The random forest algorithm trained on non-rapid eye movement stage 3 (N3) predicted dexmedetomidine-induced deep sedation (MOAA/S = 0) with area under the receiver operator characteristics curve &gt;0.8 outperforming other machine learning models. Power in the delta band (0–4 Hz) was selected as an important feature for prediction in addition to power in theta (4–8 Hz) and beta (16–30 Hz) bands.

Conclusions
Using a large-scale EEG data-driven approach and machine learning framework, we show that dexmedetomidine-induced deep sedation state mimics N3 sleep EEG patterns.

Clinical Trials
Name—Pharmacodynamic Interaction of REMI and DMED (PIRAD), URL—https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03143972, and registration—NCT03143972.
Neurophysiological and Psychological Consequences of Social Exclusion: The Effects of Cueing In-Group and Out-Group Status
Authors: Jenkins Michael , Obhi Sukhvinder S 
Published: August 2020

AbstractExclusion by outgroups is often attributed to external factors such as prejudice. Recently, event-related potential studies have demonstrated that subtle cues influence expectations of exclusion, altering the P3b response to inclusion or exclusion. We investigated whether a visual difference between participants and interaction partners could activate expectations of exclusion, indexed by P3b activity, and whether this difference would influence psychological responses to inclusion and exclusion. Participants played a ball-tossing game with two computer-controlled coplayers who were believed to be real. One period involved fair play inclusion while the other involved partial exclusion. Avatars represented participants, with their color matching participant skin tone, and either matching or differing from the color of coplayer avatars. This created the impression that the participant was an ingroup or outgroup member. While ingroup members elicited enhanced P3b activation when receiving the ball during exclusion, outgroup members showed this pattern for both inclusion and exclusion, suggesting that they formed robust a-priori expectations of exclusion. Self-reports indicated that while these expectations were psychologically protective during exclusion, they were detrimental during inclusion. Ultimately, this study reveals that expectations of exclusion can be formed purely based on visual group differences, regardless of the actual minority or majority status of individuals.
Organoid Models of Colorectal Pathology: Do They Hold the Key to Personalized Medicine? A Systematic Review
Authors: DeHaan Reece K. , Sarvestani Samaneh K. , Huang Emina H. 
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND:
Colorectal cancer and IBD account for a large portion of the practice of colorectal surgery. Historical research models have provided insights into the underlying causes of these diseases but come with many limitations.

OBJECTIVE:
The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature regarding the advantage of organoid models in modeling benign and malignant colorectal pathology.

DATA SOURCES:
Sources included PubMed, Ovid-Medline, and Ovid Embase

STUDY SELECTION:
Two reviewers completed a systematic review of the literature between January 2006 and January of 2020 for studies related to colon and intestinal organoids. Reviews, commentaries, protocols, and studies not performed in humans or mice were excluded.

RESULTS:
A total of 73 articles were included. Organoid models of colorectal disease have been rising in popularity to further elucidate the genetic, transcriptomic, and treatment response of these diseases at the individual level. Increasingly complex models utilizing coculture techniques are being rapidly developed that allow in vitro recapitulation of the disease microenvironment.

LIMITATIONS:
This review is only qualitative, and the lack of well utilized nomenclature in the organoid community may have resulted in the exclusion of articles.

CONCLUSIONS:
Historical disease models including cell lines, patient-derived tumor xenografts, and animal models have created a strong foundation for our understanding of colorectal pathology. Recent advances in 3-dimensional cell cultures, in the form of patient-derived epithelial organoids and induced human intestinal organoids have opened a new avenue for high-resolution analysis of pathology at the level of an individual patient. Recent research has shown the potential of organoids as a tool for personalized medicine with their ability to retain patient characteristics, including treatment response.
The Association of Saliva Cytokines and Pediatric Sports-Related Concussion Outcomes
Authors: Seeger Trevor A. , Tabor Jason , Sick Stacy , Schneider Kathryn J. , Jenne Craig , La Parker , Talai Aron Sahand , Rajashekar Deepthi , Mouches Pauline , Forkert Nils D. , Emery Carolyn , Debert Chantel T. 
Published: August 2020

Objectives:This study aimed to explore cytokine alterations following pediatric sports-related concussion (SRC) and whether a specific cytokine profile could predict symptom burden and time to return to sports (RTS).Setting:Sports Medicine Clinic.Participants:Youth ice hockey participants (aged 12-17 years) were recruited prior to the 2013-2016 hockey season.Design:Prospective exploratory cohort study.Main Measure:Following SRC, saliva samples were collected and a Sport Concussion Assessment Tool version 3 (SCAT3) was administered within 72 hours of injury and analyzed for cytokines. Additive regression of decision stumps was used to model symptom burden and length to RTS based on cytokine and clinical features. RRelieFF feature selection was used to determine the predictive value of each cytokine and clinical feature, as well as to identify the optimal cytokine profile for the symptom burden and RTS.Results:Thirty-six participants provided samples post-SRC (81% male; age 14.4 ± 1.3 years). Of these, 10 features, sex, number of previous concussions, and 8 cytokines, were identified to lead to the best prediction of symptom severity (r= 0.505,P= .002), while 12 cytokines, age, and history of previous concussions predicted the number of symptoms best (r= 0.637,P< .001). The prediction of RTS led to the worst results, requiring 21 cytokines, age, sex, and number of previous concussions as features (r= −0.320,P= .076).Conclusions:In pediatric ice hockey participants following SRC, there is evidence of saliva cytokine profiles that are associated with increased symptom burden. However, further studies are needed.
Histone deacetylase 3 in hippocampus contributes to memory impairment after chronic constriction injury of sciatic nerve in mice
Authors: Zhang Guang-Fen , Zhou Zhi-Qiang , Guo Jie , Gu Han-Wen , Su Ming-Zhao , Yu Bao-Cong , Zhou Feng , Han Bao-Yu , Jia Min , Ji Mu-Huo , Tao Yuan-Xiang , Zhao Chun-Jie , Yang Jian-Jun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Chronic neuropathic pain is frequently accompanied by memory impairment, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we showed that mice displayed memory impairment starting at 14 days and lasting for at least 21 days after chronic constriction injury (CCI) of unilateral sciatic nerve in mice. Systemic administration of the pan histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor sodium butyrate attenuated this memory impairment. More specifically, we found that hippocampus HDAC3 was involved in this process because the levels of its mRNA and protein increased significantly in the hippocampus at 14 and 21 days after CCI, but not sham surgery. Systemic administration of the selective HDAC3 antagonist RGFP966 attenuated CCI-induced memory impairment, improved hippocampal long-term potentiation impairment, and rescued reductions of dendritic spine density and synaptic plasticity-associated protein in the hippocampus. In addition, HDAC3 overexpression in the hippocampus led to memory impairment without affecting basal nociceptive responses in naive mice. Our findings suggest that HDAC3 contributes to memory impairment after CCI by impairing synaptic plasticity in hippocampus. Histone deacetylase 3 might serve as a potential molecular target for therapeutic treatment of memory impairment under neuropathic pain conditions.
Relationship of prosthesis ownership and phantom limb pain: results of a survey in 2383 limb amputees
Authors: Bekrater-Bodmann Robin , Reinhard Iris , Diers Martin , Fuchs Xaver , Flor Herta 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Phantom limb pain (PLP) accounts for a significant reduction in quality of life and is difficult to treat. Prosthesis use has been shown to negatively covary with PLP. Recent research on body perception in amputees suggest that prosthesis ownership, defined as the extent to which a prosthesis is experienced as being part of the body rather than an artificial device foreign to the body, might interact with PLP. We used survey data from 2383 unilateral prosthesis-using upper-limb or lower-limb amputees and performed regression analyses to determine the relationship between prosthesis ownership and PLP. To test for specificity, we examined the role of prosthesis ownership also for residual limb pain (RLP) and nonpainful phantom limb sensations (npPLS). Prosthesis ownership was reduced in older participants and higher in lower-limb compared to upper-limb amputees. A longer residual limb and more frequent prosthesis use as well as a longer time since amputation also yielded higher values. Prostheses based on natural principles were associated with higher prosthesis ownership. Phantom limb pain and RLP were lower with higher prosthesis ownership, and RLP but not PLP was lower when prosthesis use was frequent. There were no significant associations for npPLS. The regression results differ in some aspects from those revealed by univariate analyses, emphasizing the importance of multivariate statistical approaches. Our findings provide insights into the interplay of body- and pain-related sensations after amputation, and could help to develop new treatment approaches for both PLP and RLP.
Cardiac Tamponade Diagnosed by Point-of-Care Ultrasound
Authors: Smith Austin T. , Watnick Caroline , Ferre Robinson M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We present a case involving a 12-year-old boy who presented to the emergency department and was diagnosed with a pericardial effusion with tamponade physiology by point-of-care ultrasound. The diagnosis resulted in prompt treatment and definitive therapy.
Seatbelt Syndrome in Children
Authors: Szadkowski Matthew Arthur , Bolte Robert G. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The seatbelt syndrome describes an injury pattern infrequently seen in restrained passengers in motor vehicle collisions. It occurs when sudden deceleration forces coupled with compression of the lap belt around the abdomen causes abdominal wall bruising, intra-abdominal injuries, and spinal fractures. Infrequent and improper use of appropriate belt restraints in children has led to high risks for injury in this population.
We describe a case of the seatbelt syndrome with the uncommon finding of an associated posttraumatic intestinal obstruction. We also review the literature on the prevalence, risk factors, and types of injuries sustained by children with the seatbelt syndrome as well as discuss the indications for laboratory studies, abdominal imaging, surgical intervention, and further observation. Current recommendations for child seatbelt use and its effectiveness in preventing injury are also reviewed.
Acute Illness Protocol for Organic Acidemias
Authors: Aldubayan Saud H. , Rodan Lance H. , Berry Gerard T. , Levy Harvey L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInborn errors of metabolism (IEM) are genetic disorders that disrupt enzyme activity, cellular transport, or energy production. They are individually rare, but collectively have an incidence of 1:1000. Most patients with IEMs are followed by a physician with expertise in Biochemical Genetics (Metabolism), but may present outside of this setting. Because IEMs can present acutely with life-threatening crises that require specific interventions, it is critical for the emergency medicine physicians, pediatricians, internists, and critical care physicians as well as biochemical geneticists to be familiar with the initial assessment and management of patients with these disorders. Appropriate early care can be lifesaving. This protocol is not designed to replace the expert consultation of a biochemical geneticist but rather to improve early care and increase the level of comfort of the acute care physician with initial management of organic acidemias until specialty consultation is obtained.
Shells of the bivalveAstarte moerchigive new evidence of a strong pelagic-benthic coupling shift occurring since the late 1970s in the North Water polynya
Authors: Olivier Frédéric , Gaillard Blandine , Thébault Julien , Meziane Tarik , Tremblay Réjean , Dumont Dany , Bélanger Simon , Gosselin Michel , Jolivet Aurélie , Chauvaud Laurent , Martel André L. , Rysgaard Søren , Olivier Anne-Hélène , Pettré Julien , Mars Jérôme , Gerber Silvain , Archambault Philippe 
Published: August 2020

Climate changes in the Arctic may weaken the currently tight pelagic-benthic coupling. In response to decreasing sea ice cover, arctic marine systems are expected to shift from a ‘sea-ice algae–benthos' to a ‘phytoplankton-zooplankton’ dominance. We used mollusc shells as bioarchives and fatty acid trophic markers to estimate the effects of the reduction of sea ice cover on the food exported to the seafloor. Bathyal bivalveAstarte moerchiliving at 600 m depth in northern Baffin Bay reveals a clear shift in growth variations and Ba/Ca ratios since the late 1970s, which we relate to a change in food availability. Tissue fatty acid compositions show that this species feeds mainly on microalgae exported from the euphotic zone to the seabed. We, therefore, suggest that changes in pelagic-benthic coupling are likely due either to local changes in sea ice dynamics, mediated through bottom-up regulation exerted by sea ice on phytoplankton production, or to a mismatch between phytoplankton bloom and zooplankton grazing due to phenological change. Both possibilities allow a more regular and increased transfer of food to the seabed.This article is part of the theme issue ‘The changing Arctic Ocean: consequences for biological communities, biogeochemical processes and ecosystem functioning'.