bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An assessment of serial co-cultivation approach for generating novel Zymomonas mobilis strains
Authors: Fuchino Katsuya , Bruheim Per 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective The alphaproteobacterium Zymomonas mobilis is an efficient ethanol producer. By utilizing its distinctive physiological features, Z. mobilis-based biorefinery shows great potential for large scale industrial biofuel production. Serial co-cultivation is an emerging approach that promotes inter-species interactions which can improve or rewire the metabolic features in industrially useful microorganisms by inducing frequent mutations. We applied this method to assess if adaptation to long term co-culture improves or rewires the desirable physiological features of Z. mobilis.Results We performed serial co-culture of Z. mobilis with the baker’s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We observed filamentation of Z. mobilis cells in the co-culture, indicating that the Z. mobilis cells were exposed to a selective pressure due to the presence of a competitor. After 50 times of serial transfers, we characterized the generated Z. mobilis strains. The analysis showed that long term co-culture did not drive significant changes in either the growth or profile of excreted metabolites in the generated strains. In line with this, whole genome sequencing of the generated Z. mobilis strains revealed only minor genetic variations from the parental strain. The result indicates that co-culture method needs to be carefully optimized for Z. mobilis strain improvement.
Work motivation and job satisfaction among health workers of primary health facilities: a mixed-methods study from Nepal
Authors: Khanal Pratik , Choulagai Bishnu P , Acharya Pawan , Onta Sharad 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Work motivation and job satisfaction are linked with the performance and retention of health workforce. Primary health facilities, mostly comprising of mid-level health workers, serve majority of the population in Nepal. The aim of the study was to assess the determinants of job satisfaction in relation to socio-demographics, job characteristics and work motivation status among health workers working in primary health facilities. Methods A mixed-methods study was conducted in Jhapa district in Eastern Nepal covering 40 primary health facilities. The data collection involved 151 self-administered questionnaire interviews and 16 in-depth interviews with the health workers. Mean differences in work motivation among those satisfied and unsatisfied with their job was examined using t tests. Logistic regression with 95% confidence interval at p<0.05 was used for identifying associated factors with job satisfaction. Thematic analysis was done for qualitative data. Results Among the study participants, 78.2% were either auxiliary health workers or auxiliary nurse midwives. The median employment period of health workers was 174 months. In the likert scale of five points, the mean score of work motivation was highest for team work (3.99) and lowest for financial motivation (2.21). Age of health workers and satisfaction with career development, and financial motivation were significantly associated with job satisfaction. The qualitative findings also revealed that majority of the health workers were not satisfied with the existing career development opportunities, availability of resources in health facility and financial motivation. Conclusions Dissatisfaction with career development and financial motivation was significantly associated with lower odds of job satisfaction among health workers. Additionally, resource availability in health facility, recognition of work and management support affected job satisfaction. A focus on improving work environment through increased financial motivation and career development opportunities as well as investing in primary health facilities with increased resource support is recommended to improve job satisfaction.
Circular RNA SIPA1L1 promotes osteogenesis via regulating the miR-617/Smad3 axis in dental pulp stem cells
Authors: Ge Xingyun , Li Zehan , Zhou Zhou , Xia Yibo , Bian Minxia , Yu Jinhua 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Bone regeneration is preferred for bone loss caused by tumors, bone defects, fractures, etc. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells are considered as optimistic tools for bone defect therapy. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are a promising candidate for regenerative medicine and bone regeneration. Our previous study showed that up-regulated circSIPA1L1 during osteogenesis of DPSCs is of significance. In this paper, the potential role of circSIPA1L1 in osteogenesis of DPSCs and its underlying mechanisms are explored.Methods: The circular structure of circSIPA1L1 was identified by Sanger sequencing and PCR. Regulatory effects of circSIPA1L1 and miR-617 on mineral deposition in DPSCs were assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red S (ARS) staining and in vivo bone formation assay were conducted to verify the biological inﬂuences of circSIPA1L1 on DPSCs. Western blot was performed to detect the protein expression of Smad3. Localization of circSIPA1L1 and miR-617 was confirmed by FISH. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and rescue experiments were conducted to investigate the role of the circSIPA1L1/miR-617/Smad3 regulatory axis in osteogenesis of DPSCs.Results: Sanger sequencing and back-to-back primer experiments confirmed the closed loop structure of circSIPA1L1. CircSIPA1L1 could promote the committed differentiation of DPSCs. MiR-617 was predicted to be the target binding circSIPA1L1 through MiRDB, miRTarBase, and TargetScan database analyses, which was further confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. FISH results showed that circSIPA1L1 and miR-617 colocalize in the cytoplasm of DPSCs. MiR-617 exerted an inhibitory effect on osteogenesis of DPSCs. Knockdown of circSIPA1L1 or upregulation of miR-617 down-regulated phosphorylated Smad3. In addition, rescue experiments showed that knockdown of miR-617 reversed the inhibitory effect of circSIPA1L1 on osteogenesis of DPSCs.Conclusion: CircRNASIPA1L1 promotes osteogenesis of DPSCs by adsorbing miR-617 and further targeting Smad3.
Comparative tail fat transcriptome analysis of key genes and pathways activated in response to fat deposition in two sheep breeds with extreme fat-tail phenotype differences
Authors: Zhang Wei , Xu Mengsi , Wang Juanjuan , Wang Shiyin , Wang Xinhua , Yang Jingquan , Gao Lei , Gan Shangquan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Fat tail in sheep presents a valuable energy reserve that has historically facilitated adaptation to harsh environments. However, in modern intensive and semi-intensive sheep industry systems, breeds with leaner tails are preferred. For efficient selection of lean sheep breeds, clarification of the regulatory mechanisms underlying tail fat deposition of sheep is crucial. Altay and Xinjiang Fine Wool (XFW) sheep, two important breeds with distinct tail fat deposition properties, are mainly distributed in the Xinjiang district of China, and serve as ideal models for investigating the mechanisms of tail fat deposition. In the present study, RNA-Seq was applied to determine the transcriptome profiles of tail fat tissues in these two breeds, followed by analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their sequence variations.
Results

In total, 21,527 genes were detected, among which 3,965 displayed significant expression variations in tail fat tissues of the two sheep breeds, including 707 upregulated and 3,258 downregulated genes. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis disclosed that 198 DEGs were related to fat metabolism. In Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, the majority were significantly enriched in adipocytokine signaling, PPAR signaling, and metabolic pathways, with some genes being involved in multiple pathways. Among the 198 DEGs, 22 genes were markedly up or down regulated in tail fat tissue of Altay sheep, supporting their association with the fat tail trait of this breed. A total of 41,724 and 42,193 SNPs were detected in tail fat tissue transcriptomes of Altay and XFW sheep, respectively. The distribution of 7 SNPs in the coding regions of the 22 candidate genes was further investigated in three sheep populations with distinct tail types. In particular, the g.18167532 T/C mutation of ABCA1 and g.57036072 G/T mutation of SLC27A2 showed significantly different distributions and were closely associated with tail type.
Conclusions

The present study provides transcriptomic evidence explaining the differences in fat- and thin-tailed sheep breeds and reveals numerous DEGs and SNPs associated with tail type. Our data provide a valuable theoretical basis for selection of lean sheep breeds.
Surgical treatment of 125 cases with congenital diaphragmatic eventration in a single institution
Authors: Zhao Shengliang , Pan Zhengxia , Li Yonggang , An Yong , Zhao Lu , Jin Xin , Fu Jian , Wu Chun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background:This study sought to investigate the clinical characteristics of congenital diaphragmatic eventration (CDE) and to compare the efficacy of thoracoscopy and traditional open surgery in infants with congenital diaphragmatic eventration.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 125 children with CDE(90 boys, 35girls; median age:12.2 months, range 1h-7years;body mass1.99-28.5kg,median body mass 7.87±4.40kg) admitted to our hospital in recent 10years,and statistically analyzed their clinical manifestations and surgical methods. Results:108 children in this group underwent surgery, of which 67 underwent open surgery and 41 underwent thoracoscopic diaphragmatic Plication.107 patients recovered well postoperatively, except for 1 patient with hiatal hernia died of respiratory distress after surgery.Followed up for 1-9.5 years,107 patients had significantly improved preoperative symptoms.Eleven of the 17 children who did not undergo surgical treatment did not see a significant decrease in diaphragm position after 1-6 years of follow-up.In the thoracoscopy group, the lung function values of 13 children before operation and 3 year after operation was compared. The difference in percent of expiratory time to peak tidal time (tPTEF%tE) and percentage of tidal volume to peak tidal expiratory flow(VPEF%VE) was significant (P<0.05).In the thoracoscopy group, the index data on the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, chest drainage time, postoperative mechanical ventilation time, postoperative hospital stay and postoperative CCU admission time were better than those in the open group.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P＜0.05). Conclusions: Clinical symptoms of congenital diaphragmatic eventration varied in severity. Patients with severe symptoms should be operated early. All kinds of surgical methods can achieve better results.The clinical symptoms of children after diaphragm Plication operation are better than those before operation.We believe that the continuous suture of barbed wire thread applied to thoracoscopy diaphragm Plication surgery has quick operation time, less trauma, and quick recovery should be the preferred treatment method for infants with congenital diaphragmatic eventration.
Investigating the Impact of Covid19 on Vulnerability to Various Jobs
Authors: Hosseini Narjes 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: At the beginning of 2020, the end of the solar year 1398 and the middle of 1441, the world was faced with an unknown and uninvited virus called "Covid 19". No medicine has been made to fight this virus yet, so the best way to fight this virus Prevention of infection. Due to the spread of the disease, stopping businesses has damaged the country's economy and morale.Methods: The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey research in terms of method. Among the possible sampling methods, a simple random sampling method has been used and in determining the sample size using Cochran's formula, according to the researcher, the sample size is 210 citizens. In this study, the data were collected through questionnaires distributed among the statistical population, the validity of which has already been confirmed by experts and its reliability experts through Cronbach's alpha test with "0.80" percent.Results: Research shows that law enforcement and physicians have been at high risk for viruses and drivers, workers and hoteliers in terms of economic harm. Therefore, the authorities must plan and manage this crisis with optimal solutions, both at this time and in the unintended future conditions that the country may face, such as this virus, in order to minimize the risk to the nation.Conclusions: The Covid 19 virus is the most dreaded virus in the world, killing not only many people, but also disrupting their lives in various economic, social and security dimensions, and destroying the human environment. This period is not weak, but it is expanding, and if it is not controlled, it will pose significant and dangerous social harms to society.
Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Outcomes of Early Gastric Cancer Treated with Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection at the gastric angle
Authors: Wu Qiaoyan , Jiang Haizhong , Xie Shuanglin , Ding Xiaoyun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundNone studies have been reported focused on Early gastric cancer(EGC) at the gastric angle although EGCs have been commonly found in this region in Chinese patients. We attempted to discover the characteristics of EGC patients treated Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) at the gastric angle that have not yet to be reported.METHODS We reviewed the medical records of patients with EGC treated with ESD from January 2010 to December 2018, and investigated and analyzed clinicopathologic features and ESD outcomes of EGC patients.RESULTSIn all 444 EGC patients receiving ESD treatment, the second most common anatomic site was the gastric angle (23.0%), following the gastric antrum (55.6%). Compared to the other gastric parts, the EGC at the gastric angle had a relatively higher percentage of the flat or depressed lesions (67.7%)( P=0.05) . The rate of severe submucosal fibrosis was significantly higher in the gastric angle lesions(15.69%) than those in the gastric body (4.5%) ,cardia (3.9% ),antrum (1.21%) (P < 0.001) .Among EGCs at the gastric angle there were lower rates of en bloc resection , complete resection and curative resection , as well as higher perforation rate and longer procedure time in the severe submucosal fibrosis group (P<0.05) .CONCLUSIONSThe gastric angle is the second most common location of EGCs resected with ESD.There is a higher rate of severe submucosal fibrosis in EGCs at the gastric angle ,which suggests more attention should be paid to patients with EGCs at the gastric angle referred for ESD.
Leaf Photosynthesis, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Relationships with Growth and Yield in Teff
Authors: Mihretie Fekremariam , Tsunekawa Atsushi , Tsuji Wataru , Tsubo Mitsuru , Haregeweyn Nigussie , Tadege Muluken Bayable , Adgo Enyew , Tsugiyuki Masunaga , Gorafi Yasir 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Teff (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) is an important grain crop, but a paucity of research means that the mean yield is below 1.5 t ha−1. Its high genetic diversity has not been exploited to improve its yield potential. Previous efforts at increasing yield were based entirely on phenotypic, morphologic, and agronomic merits. However, photosynthetic capacity has been neglected, so its possible contributions to yield improvements remain unexplored. Results: We grew 15 teff cultivars in a controlled environment to explore variations in photosynthetic capacity and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and examined the relationships of gas exchange and NUE before anthesis with growth and yield attributes. Substantial differences were found in leaf photosynthetic rate (19 ± 9 μmol m−2 s−1, mean ± SD), stomatal conductance (0.11 ± 0.09 mol m−2 s−1), and transpiration rate (2.4 ± 1.3 mmol m−2 s−1). The cultivars differed significantly (P < 0.05) in both NUE (190 ± 227 g m−2) and photosynthetic NUE (59 ± 34 µmol g−1s−1). On average, the plants partitioned 29% of N to leaf, 28% to panicle, and 13% to stem before anthesis. Yield and biomass production were closely associated with photosynthetic capacity and NUE. Clustering of the cultivars on the basis of photosynthesis, NUE, growth, and yield indicates wide variations in photosynthetic capacity and NUE in the wider teff gene pool that should be exploited. Conclusion: We conclude that leaf photosynthesis and NUE are positively related to yield and biomass production in teff.
Molecular Basis for RNA Polymerase-Dependent Transcription Complex Recycling By The Helicase-like Motor Protein HelD.
Authors: Newing Timothy , Oakley Aaron , Miller Michael , Dawson Catherine , Brown Simon , Bouwer James , Tolun Gokhan , Lewis Peter 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In bacteria, transcription complexes stalled on DNA represent a major source of roadblocks for the DNA replication machinery that must be removed in order to prevent damaging collisions. Gram-positive bacteria contain a transcription factor HelD that is able to remove and recycle stalled complexes, but it was not known how it performed this function. Here, using cryo-electron microscopy and single-particle analysis, we have determined the structures of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase (RNAP) elongation and HelD complexes, enabling analysis of the extraordinary conformational changes that occur in RNAP driven by HelD interaction. HelD has a unique 2-armed structure which penetrates deep into the primary and secondary channels of RNA polymerase. One arm removes nucleic acids from the active site, and the other induces a dramatic conformational change in the primary channel leading to removal and recycling of the stalled polymerase.
MSE Minimized Joint Transmission in Coordinated MultiPoint Systems with Sparse Feedback and Constrained Backhaul Requirements
Authors: Nezafati Mohammad Bagher , Taki Mehrdad , Svensson Tommy 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In a joint transmission coordinated multipoint (JT-CoMP) system, a shared spectrum is utilized by all neighbor cells. In the downlink, a group of base stations (BSs) coordinately transmit the users’ data to avoid serious interference at the users in the boundary of the cells, thus substantially improving area fairness. However, this comes at the cost of high feedback and backhaul load; In a frequency division duplex (FDD) system, all users at the cell boundaries have to collect and send feedback of the downlink channel state information (CSI). In centralized JT-CoMP, although with capabilities for perfect coordination, a central coordination node (CCN) have to send the computed precoding weights and corresponding data to all cells which can overwhelm the backhaul resources. In this paper, we design a JT-CoMP scheme, by which the sum of the mean square error (MSE) at the boundary users is minimized, while feedback and backhaul loads are constrained and the load is balanced between BSs. Our design is based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) of CSI matrix and optimization of a binary link selection matrix to provide sparse feedback - constrained backhaul link. For comparison, we adopt the previously presented schemes for feedback and backhaul reduction in the physical layer. Extensive numerical evaluations show that the proposed scheme can reduce the MSE with at least 25% , compared to the adopted and existing schemes.
Deficient macrophage autophagy protects mice from Cerium Oxide nanoparticle-induced lung fibrosis
Authors: Annangi Balasubramanyam , Lu Zhuyi , Bruniaux Jonathan , Ridoux Audrey , Silva Vanessa Marques da , Vantelon Delphine , Boczkowski Jorge , Lanone Sophie 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundCerium (Ce) is a rare earth element, rapidly oxidizing to form CeO2, and currently used in numerous commercial applications, especially as nanoparticles (NP). The potential health effects of Ce remain uncertain, but literature indicates the development of rare earth pneumoconiosis accompanied with granuloma formation, interstitial fibrosis and inflammation. The exact underlying mechanisms are yet not completely understood, and we propose that autophagy could be an interesting target to study, particularly in macrophages. Therefore, the objective of our study was to investigate the role of macrophagic autophagy after pulmonary exposure to CeO2 NP in mice. Mice lacking the early autophagy gene Atg5 in their myeloid lineage and their wildtype counterparts were exposed to CeO2 NP by single oropharyngeal administration and sacrificed up to one month after. At that time, lung remodeling was thoroughly characterized (inflammatory cells infiltration, expression of fibrotic markers such as αSMA, TGFβ1, total and type I and III collagen deposition), as well as macrophage infiltration (quantification and M1/M2 phenotype). Results: Such pulmonary exposure to CeO2 NP induces a progressive and dose-dependent lung fibrosis in the bronchiolar and alveolar walls, together with the activation of autophagy. Blockade of macrophagic autophagy protects from alveolar but not bronchiolar fibrosis, via the modulation of macrophage polarization towards M2 phenotype. Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings bring novel insight on the role of macrophagic autophagy in lung fibrogenesis, and add to the current awareness of pulmonary macrophages as potential new therapeutic targets for future anti-fibrotic therapies.
Prospects on the nano-plastic particles internalization and induction of cellular response in human keratinocytes
Authors: Gopinath Ponnusamy Manogaran , Twayana Krishna Sundar , Ravanan Palaniyandi , Thomas John , Mukherjee Amitava , N Chandrasekaran 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Today cosmetic usage becomes customary in both sexes to improve their appearance and increase societal visibility. In this study, we have isolated nano-sized plastic particles ranging between 30 to 300 nm from the commercial face-scrubs and investigated its effects on keratinocytes.
Results
Initially, nano-plastics adsorbed protein molecules and formed protein corona, thereby mimicked as protein aggregates, which then triggered the macropinocytosis activity. As a result, corrosion and degradation of plastic particles were observed. Concurrently, nano-plastics concentration-dependent cytotoxic, cytostatic, and cytoprotective activities were found in the keratinocytes. Additionally, a single dose of nano-plastics exposure resulted in the ROS mediated down-regulation of cell growth and proliferation inhibition followed by autophagy, finally, premature aging in HaCaT cells.
Conclusion
At the outset, this work provides insights into the nano-plastics concentration-dependent regulatory, cytoprotective, and cytotoxic effects in HaCaT cells. Further signifies the crucial need for new regulation in nano-plastics usage in cosmetics.