bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gold Catalysts Synthesized Using a Modified Incipient Wetness Impregnation Method for Propylene Epoxidation
Authors: Lu Zheng , Kunisch Jacob , Gan Zhuoran , Bunian Muntaseer , Wu Tianpin , Lei Yu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPropylene epoxidation in the presence of oxygen and hydrogen were measured for a series of Au/TS‐1 catalysts prepared by a modified incipient wetness impregnation (mIWI) method. This method enables precise control of the Au : Ti ratio in the Au/TS‐1 catalysts. The optimized Au/TS‐1 catalyst exhibited 12 % propylene conversion, 87 % PO selectivity, and 25 % hydrogen efficiency. The particle size of gold nanoparticles prepared by the modified IWI was between 2 and 3 nm, as demonstrated by XRD patterns, STEM images, and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy at the Au L3 edge. XPS spectra showed that the surface species on the catalysts were similar. UV‐Vis spectra suggested that in the modified IWI method, the chlorine ligands in Au(Cl)4− were replaced by hydroxyl groups, which contributes to form small gold nanoparticles. Kinetic studies showed that the active sites of Au(mIWI)/TS‐1 are similar to the Au(DP)/TS‐1 prepared by deposition precipitation.
Insight into the Folding and Cooperative Multi‐Recognition Mechanism in Supramolecular Anion‐Binding Catalysis
Authors: Piekarski Dariusz G. , Steinforth Pascal , Gómez‐Martínez Melania , Bamberger Julia , Ostler Florian , Schönhoff Monika , García Mancheño Olga 
Published: September 2020

AbstractH‐bond donor catalysts able to modulate the reactivity of ionic substrates for asymmetric reactions have gained great attention in the past years, leading to the development of cooperative multidentate H‐bonding supramolecular structures. However, there is still a lack of understanding of the forces driving the ion recognition and catalytic performance of these systems. Herein, insight into the cooperativity nature, anion binding strength, and folding mechanism of a model chiral triazole catalyst is presented. Our combined experimental and computational study revealed that multi‐interaction catalysts exhibiting weak binding energies (≈3–4 kcal mol−1) can effectively recognize ionic substrates and induce chirality, while strong dependencies on the temperature and solvent were quantified. These results are key for the future design of catalysts with optimal anion binding strength and catalytic activity in target reactions.
HER2‐positive breast cancer brain metastasis: A new and exciting landscape
Authors: Zimmer Alexandra S. , Van Swearingen Amanda E. D. , Anders Carey K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundBrain metastases (BrM) incidence is 25% to 50% in women with advanced human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐positive breast cancer. Radiation and surgery are currently the main local treatment approaches for central nervous system (CNS) metastases. Systemic anti‐HER2 therapy following a diagnosis of BrM improves outcomes. Previous preclinical data has helped elucidate HER2 brain trophism, the blood‐brain/blood‐tumor barrier(s), and the brain tumor microenvironment, all of which can lead to development of novel therapeutic options.Recent findingsSeveral anti‐HER2 agents are currently available and reviewed here, some of which have recently shown promising effects in BrM patients, specifically. New strategies driven by and focusing on brain metastasis‐specific genomics, immunotherapy, and preventive strategies have shown promising results and are under development.ConclusionsThe field of HER2+ breast cancer, particularly for BrM, continues to evolve as new therapeutic strategies show promising results in recent clinical trials. Increasing inclusion of patients with BrM in clinical studies, and a focus on assessing their outcomes both intracranially and extracranially, is changing the landscape for patients with HER2+ CNS metastases by demonstrating the ability of newer agents to improve outcomes.
In situ Near‐Ambient Pressure X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Reveals the Influence of Photon Flux and Water on the Stability of Halide Perovskite
Authors: Kot M. , Kegelmann L. , Köbler H. , Vorokhta M. , Escudero C. , Kúš P. , Šmíd B. , Tallarida M. , Albrecht S. , Abate A. , Matolínová I. , Schmeißer D. , Flege J. I. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFor several years, scientists have been trying to understand the mechanisms that reduce the long‐term stability of perovskite solar cells. In this work, we examined the effect of water and photon flux on the stability of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite films and solar cells using in situ near‐ambient pressure X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP‐XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and current density–voltage (J–V) characterization. The used amount of water vapor (up to 1 mbar) had a negligible impact on the perovskite film. The higher the photon flux, the more prominent were the changes in the NAP‐XPS and FESEM data; also, a faster decline in power conversion efficiency (PCE) and a more substantial hysteresis in the J‐V characteristics were observed. Based on our results, it can be concluded that the PCE decrease originates from the creation of Frenkel pair defects in the perovskite film under illumination. The stronger the illumination, the higher the number of Frenkel defects, leading to a faster PCE decline and more substantial hysteresis in the J‐V sweeps.
Net‐C18: A Predicted Two‐Dimensional Planar Carbon Allotrope and Potential for an Anode in Lithium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Cai Xing Hong , Yang Qiang , Zheng Shaohui , Wang Min 
Published: September 2020

Net‐C18, a predicted two‐dimensional (2D) graphene‐like carbon allotrope, is investigated via first‐principles calculations. Its space group is Pmmm. There are 18 carbon atoms per cell. Net‐C18 has five‐, six‐, and eight‐membered rings. Net‐C18 may be formed by adding even pairs of carbon atoms on the top of hexagons to reconstruct new five‐ and eight‐membered rings, extending the strategy of Haeckelite. Compared to that of graphene (−9.28 eV atom−1), the total energy of net‐C18 (−9.15 eV atom−1) is only 0.13 eV atom−1 higher, revealing that net‐C18 is energetically metastable. The calculations of phonon and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) demonstrate dynamical and thermal stability of net‐C18. The independent elastic constants of net‐C18 meet the criterial for the mechanical stability of 2D structure. Its in‐plane stiffness along x or y axis is comparably large. The AIMD results reveal that net‐C18 has good thermal stability at 1500 K. The band structure also demonstrates that it is metallic. Furthermore, the diffusion of Li atoms on net‐C18 has a low energy barrier (0.32 eV), and net‐C18 has a low open‐circuit voltage (0.024 V) and a high theoretical specific capacity (403 mAh g−1). Thus, net‐C18 may provide high‐temperature resistant, flexible electrode in electronics and a promising metallic anode in lithium‐ion battery. The proposed formation of net‐C18 may open a new pattern defect for the designs of new carbon allotropes.
Development a national minimum data set for poisoning registry in Iran
Authors: Banaye Yazdipour Alireza , Sarbaz Masoumeh , Dadpour Bita , Moshiri Mohammad , Kimiafar Khalil 
Published: September 2020

SummaryObjectivesIn the developing countries with high mortality rates, poisoning is considered to be one of the most common causes of admission to emergency wards. Given the importance of registering data on poisoned patients, it is very important to have a complete poisoning Minimum Data Set (MDS). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine an MDS for poisoning registry in Iran.MethodsThis applied and cross‐sectional study was conducted through of Delphi technique in the poisoning ward of Imam Reza Hospital (northeastern Iran) in 2019. Literature reviews were initially carried out on such databases as PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, and Embase. Then, Google search was done to retrieve poisoning forms and poisoning registry websites. Also, we considered International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision coding guidelines of poisoning. Then, a questionnaire containing data elements of poisoning was developed.ResultsIn total, 558 data elements were developed during two rounds of Delphi technique. The MDS was divided into 10 categories including patient and communication data, encounter data, diagnostic data and medical history, exposure data, clinical data, treatment data, complications, paraclinical tests, biobank, and discharge data.ConclusionsEstablishing an MDS as the first and most important step towards implementing poisoning registry can be the standard basis for collecting poisoned patient data. The data registered in the poisoning registry can be used for planning, policy‐making, prevention, and control purposes.
Solar radiative heat‐driven Sakiadis flow of a dusty nanoliquid with Brownian motion and an exponential space‐based heat source: Koo–Kleinstreuer–Li (KKL) model
Authors: Radhika M. , Mahanthesh B. , Siddabasappa  , Thriveni K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe advancement of heat transportation is a significant phenomenon in nuclear reactors, solar collectors, heat exchangers, and electronic coolers; and it can be accomplished by choosing a nanofluid as the functional fluid. Nanofluids have improved thermophysical properties, due to their great progress in engineering and industrial applications. Therefore here, the significance of exponential space‐related heat source (ESHS) on radiative heat motivated Sakiadis two‐phase flow over a moving plate is analyzed for a particulate nanoliquid (CuO–H2O). The impact of the haphazard motion of nanoparticles is analyzed through the Koo–Kleinstreuer–Li model. On applying a similarity transformation to the governing equations, a set of ordinary differential equations is obtained and numerically solved. Through the perception of graphs, the behavior of the velocity and temperature constraints for diverse values of effective parameters is decoded. The results show that the temperature of both phases (dust and fluid) improves with the ESHS aspect. Also, the heat transport rate/friction factor enhances/declines with the concentration of dust particles.
The determinants of systematic risk: A firm lifecycle perspective
Authors: Saravia Jimmy A. , García Carlos S. , Almonacid Paula M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates how systematic risk varies over the lifecycle of the firm. If market equity beta is determined by firm characteristics as the literature on the determinants of systematic risk holds, and if those characteristics change over the lifecycle of the firm following a definite pattern as firm lifecycle theory suggests, then market equity beta should change over the lifecycle of the firm following a predictable pattern. Our findings indicate that holding other determinants of beta constant, the coefficient of systematic risk tends to fall in magnitude following a nonlinear pattern as firm age increases. In addition, we find that the volatility of market equity beta also tends to fall over the lifecycle of the firm. We argue that our main variable of concern, that is, firm age, proxies for variables that have hitherto been omitted in the literature on the determinants of systematic risk. In particular, we maintain that firm age proxies for the mispricing propensity that young firms lose as they mature. This research is useful for both practitioners and researchers in that it may suggest ways to adjust empirical estimates of systematic risk. In addition, our results are important for research on beta forecasting as they show that the length of the stationary interval of betas is shorter for young companies, and therefore it is necessary to take into account this time varying characteristic in the estimation process in order to improve the beta forecasting.
Studying the process of psychoanalytic parent–infant psychotherapy: Embodied and discursive aspects
Authors: Avdi Evrinomy , Amiran Keren , Baradon Tessa , Broughton Carol , Sleed Michelle , Spencer Rose , Shai Dana 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThis paper presents findings from an intensive, mixed methods case study of one session of psychoanalytic parent–infant psychotherapy (PPIP) addressing early relational trauma, and aims to shed light on the multimodal interactive processes that take place in the moment‐to‐moment exchanges comprising the therapeutic encounter. Different research methods were used on video material from PPIP sessions, including microanalysis of adult–infant interactions, discourse analysis of talk, and coding systems developed to study parent–infant interaction. These different perspectives were brought together with the clinical narrative to illuminate the complex, dynamic processes of parent–infant–therapist interaction. More specifically, the detailed analysis of one interactive episode revealed brief behavioral manifestations of fearful and disoriented states of mind, reflecting dysregulated interaction between mother and infant, which also powerfully affected the therapist. The processes through which the therapist gradually resolves this rupture are also described in detail. Through this pilot study, we were able to show that it is possible to systematically study the process of PPIP. The study contributes to the growing psychotherapy research literature that takes into account both the verbal domain and implicit, interactional processes in therapeutic practice, and underscores the therapist's comprehensive engagement in the therapeutic process.
Rutin ameliorates copper sulfate‐induced brain damage via antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory activities in rats
Authors: Arowoogun Jeremiah , Akanni Olubukola O. , Adefisan Adedoyin O. , Owumi Solomon E. , Tijani Abiola S. , Adaramoye Oluwatosin A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractExcessive exposure to Copper (Cu) may result in Cu toxicity and adversely affect health outcomes. We investigated the protective role of rutin on Cu‐induced brain damage. Experimental rats were treated as follows: group I: control; group II: Cu‐sulfate: 200 mg/kg; group III: Cu‐sulfate, and rutin 100 mg/kg; and group IV: rutin 100 mg/kg, for 7 weeks. Cu only treatment significantly decreased body weight gain, while rutin cotreatment reversed this decrease. Cu treatment increased malondialdehyde, nitric oxide level, and myeloperoxidase activity and decreased superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in rat brain. Immunohistochemistry showed that COX‐2, iNOS, and Bcl‐2 proteins were strongly expressed, while Bax was mildly expressed in the brain of Cu‐treated rats. Furthermore, brain histology revealed degenerated neurons, and perforated laminae of cerebral cortex in the Cu‐only treated rats. Interestingly, coadministration of Cu and rutin reduced the observed histological alteration, improved inflammatory and antioxidant biomarkers, thereby protecting against Cu‐induced brain damage via antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory mechanisms.
Invalidating childhood environments and nonsuicidal self‐injury in university students: Depression and mental pain as potential mediators
Authors: Holden Ronald R. , Lambert Christine E. , La Rochelle Melissa , Billet Matthew I. , Fekken G. Cynthia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the potential mediating effects of depression and psychache (i.e., extreme mental pain) on the relationship between parental invalidation and nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) in young adults.MethodA sample of 2474 university students responded to previously validated measures of current NSSI, childhood parental invalidation, depression, and psychache.ResultsUsing a parallel mediation model, path analysis using structural equation modeling demonstrated full mediation by depression and psychache of the link between parental invalidation and NSSI.ConclusionsFindings suggest that the association between invalidating childhood environments and NSSI has the potential to be mitigated by addressing issues of depression and psychache.
A pilot study of neonatal GALT gene replacement using AAV9 dramatically lowers galactose metabolites in blood, liver, and brain and minimizes cataracts in GALT‐null rat pups
Authors: Rasmussen Shauna A. , Daenzer Jennifer M. I. , Fridovich‐Keil Judith L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractClassic galactosemia (CG) is a rare metabolic disorder that results from profound deficiency of galactose‐1‐P uridylyltransferase (GALT). Despite early detection by newborn screening and rapid and lifelong dietary restriction of galactose, which is the current standard of care, most patients grow to experience a broad constellation of long‐term complications. The mechanisms underlying these complications remain unclear and likely differ by tissue. Here we conducted a pilot study testing the safety and efficacy of GALT gene replacement using our recently‐described GALT‐null rat model for CG. Specifically, we administered AAV9.CMV.HA‐hGALT to seven GALT‐null rat pups via tail vein injection on day 3 of life; eight GALT‐null pups injected with PBS served as the negative control, and four GALT+ heterozygous pups injected with PBS served as the positive control. All pups were returned to their nursing mothers, weighed daily, and euthanized for tissue collection 2 weeks later. Among the AAV9‐injected pups in this study, we achieved GALT levels in liver ranging from 64% to 595% wild‐type, and in brain ranging from 3% to 42% wild‐type. In liver, brain, and blood samples from these animals we also saw a striking drop in galactose, galactitol, and gal‐1P. Finally, all treated GALT‐null pups showed dramatic improvement in cataracts relative to their mock‐treated counterparts. Combined, these results demonstrate that GALT restoration in both liver and brain of GALT‐null rats by neonatal tail vein administration using AAV9 is not only attainable but effective.
Osteology of the Italian endemic spectacled salamanders, Salamandrina spp. (Amphibia, Urodela, Salamandridae): selected skeletal elements for palaeontological investigations
Authors: Macaluso Loredana , Villa Andrea , Pitruzzella Gaetano , Rook Lorenzo , Pogoda Peter , Kupfer Alexander , Delfino Massimo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSalamandrina perspicillata, from Northern and Central Italy, and Salamandrina terdigitata, from Southern Italy, represent a unique case of endemism among the amphibians of Europe. Some efforts were made to study the biology and ecology of these species, but only few studies focused on their comparative osteology. In particular, detailed descriptions of isolated skeletal elements and comparisons with other European urodeles are not available in literature hindering the identification of their fossils that testify for an ancient much broader range. The correct identification of fossil remains, mostly based on careful osteological descriptions, is fundamental to study the evolution of the range of this genus through time and the origin of the current endemic condition. This work is focused on the description of selected skeletal elements (occipito‐otic complex, limb bones, atlas, trunk, sacral, caudosacral and caudal vertebrae) of dry‐prepared skeletons and CT‐scans of wet preserved specimens, which are the most common in the fossil record. We provide osteological comparison of Salamandrina with other genera of Europe, yielding diagnostic characters which allow the identification of fossils at a generic level. No significant differences between the two species S. perspicillata and S. terdigitata were found in the described skeletal elements, thus, the identification of skeletal elements at the species level is, at the moment, impossible.
Presentation of fatal stroke due to SARS‐CoV‐2 and dengue virus coinfection
Authors: Estofolete Cassia F. , Machado Luana F. , Zini Nathalia , Luckemeyer Graziela D. , Moraes Marilia M. , dos Santos Thaysa M. I. L. , dos Santos Bárbara F. , Ruiz Leonardo G. P. , Vasilakis Nikos , Lobo Suzana M. A. , Nogueira Mauricio L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHerein, we report a case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and dengue coinfection, presented as a fatal stroke in our hospital, in São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo State, a Brazilian city hyperendemic for dengue viruses and other arthropod‐borne viruses (arboviruses) and currently facing a surge of SARS‐CoV‐2 cases. This case is the first described in the literature and contributes to the better understanding of clinical presentations of two important diseases in a tropical setting.
Clinical and laboratory detection of nonpolio enteroviruses among different age groups of aseptic meningitis patients in Alexandria, Egypt
Authors: Raouf May , El‐din Ola Salah , Khadr Nashwa Abo , Mokhless Nadia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundViral meningitis is the most common type of meningitis. Worldwide, nonpolio enteroviruses (NPEVs) account for 23%–60% of all cases of viral meningitis. We aimed to detect NPEV among aseptic meningitis cases using reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and evaluate molecular testing versus clinical and laboratory parameters.Patients and MethodsA 2‐year prospective study was conducted for all clinically suspected meningitis patients, who underwent lumbar puncture in Alshatby University and Alexandria Fever Hospitals. Clinical manifestations were reviewed; cytological, microbiological, and biochemical examinations were done. One‐step RT‐PCR for NPEV was introduced to a routine workflow using Pan‐Enterovirus primers.ResultsOut of 2519 patients, 994 (40%) patients were found to have positive cerebrospinal fluid findings, out of which 716 (72%) patients had positive findings of aseptic meningitis. Ninety‐four samples were randomly selected and divided across four age groups: neonates, infants, children, and adults. The significant difference was found among adult patients regarding fever, vomiting, headache, signs of meningeal irritation, cranial nerve affection, and focal neurological deficits (p ≤ .05). Seven cases (7.4%) were found to be NPEV positive by RT‐PCR. Positive NPEV PCR samples were shown to be statistically significant among neonates (p ≤ .05). The statistical significance was found among the NPEV group regarding the length of hospital stay and duration of IV antibiotic intake while no statistical significance was found with any clinical or laboratory findings.ConclusionRT‐PCR was reliable to identify NPEV while clinical and laboratory findings were inconclusive. NPEV showed low incidence and slight seasonal variation which rings the bell to investigate other causes of viral meningitis throughout the year.
Are the steroids a blanket solution for COVID‐19? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sarkar Soumya , Khanna Puneet , Soni Kapil D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSteroids may play a critical role in the current pandemic of coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19), given the dearth of specific therapeutic options. This review was conducted to evaluate the impact of glucocorticoid therapy in patients with COVID‐19 based on the publications reported to date. A comprehensive screening was conducted using electronic databases up to August 19, 2020. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies evaluating the effectiveness and safety of steroids in patients with COVID‐19 are included for the meta‐analyses. Our search retrieved twelve studies, including two RCTs and 10 cohort studies, with a total of 15,754 patients. In patients with COVID‐19, the use of systemic glucocorticoid neither reduce mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 1.94, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11–3.4, I2 = 96%), nor the duration of hospital stay (mean difference [MD] = 1.18 days, 95% CI: −1.28 to 3.64, I2 = 93%) and period of viral shedding (MD = 1.42 days, 95% CI: −0.52 to 3.37, I2 = 0%). Systemic steroid therapy may not be effective for reducing mortality, duration of hospitalization, and period of viral shedding. Studies are mostly heterogeneous. Further RCTs are required.