bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Herman Boerhaave: A search for his herbarium collections
Authors: Thijsse Gerard , Wesseling Margreet 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNumerous books and papers have been written about the life and work of the famous Leiden physician and botanist professor Herman Boerhaave (1668–1738). However, none of these publications mentions what has happened to his botanical collections. A set of loose herbarium sheets with labels written by Boerhaave is known to be present at Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden. Furthermore, two bound herbaria attributed to Boerhaave are known to exist. The first, a four‐volume herbarium makes part of the Sloane Herbarium (Natural History Museum, London). The second is a voluminous one‐volume herbal at Copenhagen (Natural History Museum Denmark). Another single‐volume herbarium, traditionally referred to as the “Herbarium of Boerhaave”, at Leiden (Naturalis) is discussed here as well. Are these true Boerhaave herbaria made by Boerhaave personally, or have these herbaria at least formed part of his private collection? Where could other herbaria of his be found, and what has happened to the herbaria that were auctioned together with his library after his death? These are the questions this paper will try to answer.
Fetal cardiac function at 35–37 weeks' gestation in pregnancies that subsequently develop pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Semmler J. , Garcia‐Gonzalez C. , Sanchez Sierra A. , Gallardo Arozena M. , Nicolaides K. H. , Charakida M. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo compare fetal cardiac morphology and function between pregnancies that subsequently developed pre‐eclampsia (PE) and those that remained normotensive.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study in 1574 pregnancies at 35–37 weeks' gestation, including 76 that subsequently developed PE. We carried out comprehensive assessment of fetal cardiac morphology and function including novel imaging modalities, such as speckle‐tracking echocardiography, and measured uterine artery pulsatility index, mean arterial pressure (MAP), serum placental growth factor (PlGF), soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1) and cerebroplacental ratio (CPR). The findings in the group that subsequently developed PE were compared to those in pregnancies that remained normotensive.ResultsIn fetuses of mothers who subsequently developed PE, compared to those from normotensive pregnancies, there was a more globular right ventricle, as shown by reduced right ventricular sphericity index, reduced right ventricular systolic contractility, as shown by reduced global longitudinal strain, and reduced left ventricular diastolic function, as shown by increased E/A ratio. On multivariable regression analysis, these indices demonstrated an association with PE, independent of maternal characteristics and fetal size. In pregnancies that subsequently developed PE, compared to those that remained normotensive, MAP, sFlt‐1 and the incidence of low birth weight were higher, whereas serum PlGF, CPR and the interval between assessment and delivery were lower. These findings demonstrate that, in pregnancies that develop PE, there is evidence of impaired placentation, reflected in low PlGF and reduced birth weight, placental ischemia, evidenced by increased sFlt‐1 which becomes apparent in the interval of 2–4 weeks preceding the clinical onset of PE, and consequent fetal hypoxia‐induced redistribution in the fetal circulation, reflected in the low CPR.ConclusionAlthough the etiology of the observed fetal cardiac changes in pregnancies that subsequently develop PE remains unclear, it is possible that the reduction in right‐heart systolic function is the consequence of high afterload due to increased placental resistance, whilst the early left ventricular diastolic changes could be due to fetal hypoxia‐induced redistribution in the fetal circulation. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
On delamination of bi‐layers composed by orthotropic materials: Exact analytical solutions for some particular cases
Authors: Ustinov K. B. , Idrisov D. M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEarlier [1, 2, 3], exact analytical solutions were obtained for three configurations of composed bi‐layers with semi‐infinite interface cracks: (i) the bilayer composed of two isotropic layers of equal thicknesses; (ii) an orthotropic layer with the central semi‐infinite crack; (iii) an isotropic layer on isotropic half‐plane of a different material (may be considered as a bilayer, the thickness of one of its layers tending to infinity). In all cases the second Dundur's parameter were supposed to be equal to zero. Here by using a scaling technique all three solutions have been extended to cover wider range of elastic and geometric parameters (elastic constants and thicknesses). In particular, a 2‐D problem of a bilayer composed by dissimilar anisotropic layers partly separated by semi‐infinite crack arbitrary loaded at infinity is considered. The principle axes of elasticity tensor for both layers are supposed to coincide with the geometrical axes. The problem involves 10 constants: four elastic constants for each layer and two thicknesses of the layers. By choosing the proper scales for length and for elastic moduli, the number of dimensionless constants is reduced to 8. By using a scaling technique exact analytical solutions are obtained for two subclasses of the problem with four conditions imposed on the parameters for each case, so that four out of eight parameters remain arbitrary. Similarly a solution is obtained for 2‐D problem of a layer on a half‐plane partly separated by semi‐infinite crack arbitrary loaded at infinity. For all considered cases two modes of stress intensity factors are found in terms of four integral characteristics of the external loads.
Modeling stress‐affected chemical reactions in composite materials
Authors: Vilchevskaya Elena 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe paper focuses on the modeling of the stress‐affected localized chemical reaction in particles embedded in a matrix material. The self‐consistent field method is used to account for the interaction between particles and to calculate the effective stress field acting on a separate particle. The kinetics of chemical reaction front is governed by the chemical affinity tensor that depends on the stress‐strain state at the reaction front. The influence of the matrix elastic properties and the particle volume fraction on the reaction front kinetics is studied in detail.
The superconformal

equation
Authors: Burić Ilija , Schomerus Volker , Sobko Evgeny 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Crossing symmetry provides a powerful tool to access the non-perturbative dynamics of conformal and superconformal field theories. Here we develop the mathematical formalism that allows to construct the crossing equations for arbitrary four-point functions in theories with superconformal symmetry of type I, including all superconformal field the- ories in d = 4 dimensions. Our advance relies on a supergroup theoretic construction of tensor structures that generalizes an approach which was put forward in [1] for bosonic theories. When combined with our recent construction of the relevant superblocks, we are able to derive the crossing symmetry constraint in particular for four-point functions of arbitrary long multiplets in all 4-dimensional superconformal field theories.
Mimetic Einstein-Cartan-Sciama-Kibble (ECSK) gravity
Authors: Izaurieta Fernando , Medina Perla , Merino Nelson , Salgado Patricio , Valdivia Omar 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we formulate the Mimetic theory of gravity in first-order formalism for differential forms, i.e., the mimetic version of Einstein-Cartan-Sciama-Kibble (ECSK) gravity. We consider different possibilities on how torsion is affected by Weyl transformations and discuss how this translates into the interpolation between two different Weyl transformations of the spin connection, parameterized with a zero-form parameter λ. We prove that regardless of the type of transformation one chooses, in this setting torsion remains as a non-propagating field. We also discuss the conservation of the mimetic stress-energy tensor and show that the trace of the total stress-energy tensor is not null but depends on both, the value of λ and spacetime torsion.
On the Existence of an Extremal Function in the Delsarte Extremal Problem
Authors: Gaál Marcell , Nagy-Csiha Zsuzsanna 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper is concerned with a Delsarte-type extremal problem. Denote by$${\mathcal {P}}(G)$$P(G)the set of positive definite continuous functions on a locally compact abelian groupG. We consider the function class, which was originally introduced by Gorbachev,$$\begin{aligned}&{\mathcal {G}}(W, Q)_G = \left\{ f \in {\mathcal {P}}(G) \cap L^1(G)~:\right. \\&\qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \left. f(0) = 1, ~ {\text {supp}}{f_+} \subseteq W,~ {\text {supp}}{\widehat{f}} \subseteq Q \right\} \end{aligned}$$G(W,Q)G=f∈P(G)∩L1(G):f(0)=1,suppf+⊆W,suppf^⊆Qwhere$$W\subseteq G$$W⊆Gis closed and of finite Haar measure and$$Q\subseteq {\widehat{G}}$$Q⊆G^is compact. We also consider the related Delsarte-type problem of finding the extremal quantity$$\begin{aligned} {\mathcal {D}}(W,Q)_G = \sup \left\{ \int _{G} f(g) \mathrm{d}\lambda _G(g) ~ : ~ f \in {\mathcal {G}}(W,Q)_G\right\} . \end{aligned}$$D(W,Q)G=sup∫Gf(g)dλG(g):f∈G(W,Q)G.The main objective of the current paper is to prove the existence of an extremal function for the Delsarte-type extremal problem$${\mathcal {D}}(W,Q)_G$$D(W,Q)G. The existence of the extremal function has recently been established by Berdysheva and Révész in the most immediate case where$$G={\mathbb {R}}^d$$G=Rd. So, the novelty here is that we consider the problem in the general setting of locally compact abelian groups. In this way, our result provides a far reaching generalization of the former work of Berdysheva and Révész.
Optimal and robust controller synthesis using energytimed automata with uncertainty
Authors: Bacci Giovanni , Bouyer Patricia , Fahrenberg Uli , Larsen Kim G. , Markey Nicolas , Reynier Pierre-Alain 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a novel framework for the synthesis of robust and optimal energy-aware controllers.
The framework is based on energy timed automata, allowing for easy expression of timing constraints and variable energy
rates. We prove decidability of the energy-constrained infinite-run problem in settings with both certainty and uncertainty of the
energy rates. We also consider the optimization problem of identifying the minimal upper bound that will permit existence of
energy-constrained infinite runs. Our algorithms are based on quantifier elimination for linear real arithmetic. Using Mathematica
and Mjollnir, we illustrate our framework through a real industrial example of a hydraulic oil pump. Compared with previous
approaches our method is completely automated and provides improved results.
Determination of FODMAP contents of common wheat and rye breads and the effects of processing on the final contents
Authors: Schmidt Marcus , Sciurba Elisabeth 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe benefits of a diet, low in fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) for patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has been well established. Thus, the exact knowledge of the amount and composition of FODMAPs in foods is of vital importance for these patients. This study investigated the possibilities of FODMAP reduction by adjusting the processing parameters, which are feasible in practise, while still producing marketable breads. Therefore, the impact of prolonged proofing and the addition of sourdough on the FODMAPs in the final products was evaluated. High performance anion exchange chromatography was used for qualitative and quantitative analysis. A prolonged proofing time resulted in reduction of the fructan content and in consequence of the total FODMAPs. In contrast, the addition of sourdough only altered the FODMAP composition, by reducing the fructan content but increasing the mannitol content. While all the breads produced from refined wheat flour meet the low-FODMAP criteria, the breads from rye and whole meal wheat flour have to be considered as high-FODMAP, regardless of the processing conditions investigated. Breads produced from rye flour exceeded the limits for fructans and mannitol, while whole meal wheat breads were found to exceed the threshold for excess fructose. Overall, the production of low-FODMAP rye breads was identified as the biggest challenge for future research, since it could not be achieved using conventional processing parameter.
Elevated high-sensitivity troponin T levels at 1-year follow-up are associated with increased long-term mortality after TAVR
Authors: Seoudy Hatim , Lambers Moritz , Winkler Vincent , Dudlik Linnea , Freitag-Wolf Sandra , Frank Johanne , Kuhn Christian , Rangrez Ashraf Yusuf , Puehler Thomas , Lutter Georg , Bramlage Peter , Frey Norbert , Frank Derk 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Elevated pre-procedural high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT) levels predict adverse outcomes in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). It is unknown whether elevated troponin levels still provide prognostic information during follow-up after successful TAVR. We evaluated the long-term implications of elevated hs-TnT levels found at 1-year post-TAVR.

Methods and results
The study included 349 patients who underwent TAVR for severe AS from 2010–2019 and for whom 1-year hs-TnT levels were available. Any required percutaneous coronary interventions were performed > 1 week before TAVR. The primary endpoint was survival time starting at 1-year post-TAVR. Optimal hs-TnT cutoff for stratifying risk, identified by ROC analysis, was 39.4 pg/mL. 292 patients had hs-TnT < 39.4 pg/mL (median 18.3 pg/mL) and 57 had hs-TnT ≥ 39.4 pg/mL (median 51.2 pg/mL). The high hs-TnT group had a higher median N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level, greater left ventricular (LV) mass, higher prevalence of severe diastolic dysfunction, LV ejection fraction < 35%, severe renal dysfunction, and more men compared with the low hs-TnT group. All-cause mortality during follow-up after TAVR was significantly higher among patients who had hs-TnT ≥ 39.4 pg/mL compared with those who did not (mortality rate at 2 years post-TAVR: 12.3% vs. 4.1%, p = 0.010). Multivariate analysis identified 1-year hs-TnT ≥ 39.4 pg/mL (hazard ratio 2.93, 95% CI 1.91–4.49, p < 0.001), NT-proBNP level > 300 pg/mL, male sex, an eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as independent risk factors for long-term mortality after TAVR.

Conclusions
Elevated hs-TnT concentrations at 1-year after TAVR were associated with a higher long-term mortality.

Graphic abstract
Clinical risk predictors in atrial fibrillation patients following successful coronary stenting: ENTRUST-AF PCI sub-analysis
Authors: Goette Andreas , Eckardt Lars , Valgimigli Marco , Lewalter Thorsten , Laeis Petra , Reimitz Paul-Egbert , Smolnik Rüdiger , Zierhut Wolfgang , Tijssen Jan G. , Vranckx Pascal 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Aims
This subgroup analysis of the ENTRUST-AF PCI trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02866175; Date of registration: August 2016) evaluated type of AF, and CHA2DS2-VASc score parameters as predictors for clinical outcome.

Methods
Patients were randomly assigned after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to either edoxaban (60 mg/30 mg once daily [OD]; n = 751) plus a P2Y12 inhibitor for 12 months or a vitamin K antagonist [VKA] (n = 755) plus a P2Y12 inhibitor and aspirin (100 mg OD, for 1–12 months). The primary outcome was a composite of major/clinically relevant non-major bleeding (CRNM) within 12 months. The composite efficacy endpoint consisted of cardiovascular death, stroke, systemic embolic events, myocardial infarction (MI), and definite stent thrombosis.

Results
Major/CRNM bleeding event rates were 20.7%/year and 25.6%/year with edoxaban and warfarin, respectively (HR [95% CI]: 0.83 [0.654–1.047]). The event rates of composite outcome were 7.26%/year and 6.86%/year, respectively (HR [95% CI]): 1.06 [0.711–1.587]), and of overall net clinical benefit were 12.48%/year and 12.80%/year, respectively (HR [(95% CI]: 0.99 [(0.730; 1.343]). Increasing CHA2DS2-VASc score was associated with increased rates of all outcomes. CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥ 5 was a marker for stent thrombosis. Paroxysmal AF was associated with a higher occurrence of MI (4.87% versus 2.01%, p = 0.0024).

Conclusion
After PCI in AF patients, increasing CHA2DS2-VASc score was associated with increased bleeding rates and CHA2DS2-VASc score (≥ 5) predicted the occurrence of stent thrombosis. Paroxysmal AF was associated with MI. These findings may have important clinical implications in AF patients.
Transcatheter and surgical aortic valve replacement in patients with bicuspid aortic valve
Authors: Husso Annastiina , Airaksinen Juhani , Juvonen Tatu , Laine Mika , Dahlbacka Sebastian , Virtanen Marko , Niemelä Matti , Mäkikallio Timo , Savontaus Mikko , Eskola Markku , Raivio Peter , Valtola Antti , Biancari Fausto 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To compare the outcomes after surgical (SAVR) and transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for severe stenosis of bicuspid aortic valve (BAV).

Methods
We evaluated the early and mid-term outcome of patients with stenotic BAV who underwent SAVR or TAVR for aortic stenosis from the nationwide FinnValve registry.

Results
The FinnValve registry included 6463 AS patients and 1023 (15.8%) of them had BAV. SAVR was performed in 920 patients and TAVR in 103 patients with BAV. In the overall series, device success after TAVR was comparable to SAVR (94.2% vs. 97.1%, p = 0.115). TAVR was associated with increased rate of mild-to-severe paravalvular regurgitation (PVR) (19.4% vs. 7.9%, p < 0.0001) and of moderate-to-severe PVR (2.9% vs. 0.7%, p = 0.053). When newer-generation TAVR devices were evaluated, mild-to-severe PVR (11.9% vs. 7.9%, p = 0.223) and moderate-to-severe PVR (0% vs. 0.7%, p = 1.000) were comparable to SAVR. Type 1 N-L and type 2 L-R/R-N were the BAV morphologies with higher incidence of mild-to-severe PVR (37.5% and 100%, adjusted for new-generation prostheses p = 0.025) compared to other types of BAVs. Among 75 propensity score-matched cohorts, 30-day mortality was 1.3% after TAVR and 5.3% after SAVR (p = 0.375), and 2-year mortality was 9.7% after TAVR and 18.7% after SAVR (p = 0.268)

Conclusions
In patients with stenotic BAV, TAVR seems to achieve early and mid-term results comparable to SAVR. Type 1 N-L and type 2 L-R/R-N BAV morphologies had higher incidence of PVR. Larger studies evaluating different phenotypes of BAV are needed to confirm these findings.

Clinical trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03385915.

Graphic abstract
Primary culture of the rat spinal dorsal horn: a tool to investigate the effects of inflammatory stimulation on the afferent somatosensory system
Authors: Leisengang Stephan , Nürnberger Franz , Ott Daniela , Murgott Jolanta , Gerstberger Rüdiger , Rummel Christoph , Roth Joachim 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOne maladaptive consequence of inflammatory stimulation of the afferent somatosensory system is the manifestation of inflammatory pain. We established and characterized a neuroglial primary culture of the rat superficial dorsal horn (SDH) of the spinal cord to test responses of this structure to neurochemical, somatosensory, or inflammatory stimulation. Primary cultures of the rat SDH consist of neurons (43%), oligodendrocytes (35%), astrocytes (13%), and microglial cells (9%). Neurons of the SDH responded to cooling (7%), heating (18%), glutamate (80%), substance P (43%), prostaglandin E2 (8%), and KCl (100%) with transient increases in the intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i. Short-term stimulation of SDH primary cultures with LPS (10 μg/ml, 2 h) caused increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory transcription factors, and inducible enzymes responsible for inflammatory prostaglandin E2 synthesis. At the protein level, increased concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured in the supernatants of LPS-stimulated SDH cultures and enhanced TNFα and IL-6 immunoreactivity was observed specifically in microglial cells. LPS-exposed microglial cells further showed increased nuclear immunoreactivity for the inflammatory transcription factors NFκB, NF-IL6, and pCREB, indicative of their activation. The short-term exposure to LPS further caused a reduction in the strength of substance P as opposed to glutamate-evoked Ca2+-signals in SDH neurons. However, long-term stimulation with a low dose of LPS (0.01 μg/ml, 24 h) resulted in a significant enhancement of glutamate-induced Ca2+ transients in SDH neurons, while substance P-evoked Ca2+ signals were not influenced. Our data suggest a critical role for microglial cells in the initiation of inflammatory processes within the SDH of the spinal cord, which are accompanied by a modulation of neuronal responses.
Neurorehabilitation in dystonia: a holistic perspective
Authors: Bradnam Lynley V. , Meiring Rebecca M. , Boyce Melani , McCambridge Alana 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRehabilitation for isolated forms of dystonia, such as cervical or focal hand dystonia, is usually targeted towards the affected body part and focuses on sensorimotor control and motor retraining of affected muscles. Recent evidence, has revealed people who live with dystonia experience a range of functional and non-motor deficits that reduce engagement in daily activities and health-related quality of life, which should be addressed with therapeutic interventions. These findings support the need for a holistic approach to the rehabilitation of dystonia, where assessment and treatments involve non-motor signs and symptoms, and not just the dystonic body part. Most studies have investigated Cervical Dystonia, and in this population, it is evident there is reduced postural control and walking speed, high fear of falling and actual falls, visual compensation for the impaired neck posture, and a myriad of non-motor symptoms including pain, fatigue, sleep disorders and anxiety and depression. In other populations of dystonia, there is also emerging evidence of falls and reduced vision-related quality of life, along with the inability to participate in physical activity due to worsening of dystonic symptoms during or after exercise. A holistic approach to dystonia would support the management of a wide range of symptoms and signs, that if properly addressed could meaningfully reduce disability and improve quality of life in people living with dystonia.
Mixed-integer optimal control problems with switching costs: a shortest path approach
Authors: Bestehorn Felix , Hansknecht Christoph , Kirches Christian , Manns Paul 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe investigate an extension of Mixed-Integer Optimal Control Problems by adding switching costs, which enables the penalization of chattering and extends current modeling capabilities. The decomposition approach, consisting of solving a partial outer convexification to obtain a relaxed solution and using rounding schemes to obtain a discrete-valued control can still be applied, but the rounding turns out to be difficult in the presence of switching costs or switching constraints as the underlying problem is an Integer Program. We therefore reformulate the rounding problem into a shortest path problem on a parameterized family of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). Solving the shortest path problem then allows to minimize switching costs and still maintain approximability with respect to the tunable DAG parameter $$\theta $$
θ
. We provide a proof of a runtime bound on equidistant rounding grids, where the bound is linear in time discretization granularity and polynomial in $$\theta $$
θ
. The efficacy of our approach is demonstrated by a comparison with an integer programming approach on a benchmark problem.