bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Steerable Neuroendoscopic Instrument Using Compliant Contact-Aided Joints and Monolithic Articulation
Authors: Eastwood Kyle W. , Swarup Arushri , Francis Peter , Alvara Alexander N. , Chen Honzer , Looi Thomas , Naguib Hani E. , Drake James M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis work presents the design of an articulate neuroendoscopic instrument (ANI), a handheld tool for use in minimally invasive neurosurgery. The instrument consists of a handle and a steerable tube-shaft with a distal end-effector. The design aims to increase the reach of surgeons operating through narrow channels within the center of the brain when approaching multiple targets from a single incision point. The steerable tube-shaft consists of a 1.6- mm notch-tube compliant joint mechanism augmented with contact-aids modeled after a gear geometry. The contact-aid geometry aims to address the performance tradeoff between stiffness, range-of-motion (RoM), and joint compactness for millimeter-scale notched-tube joints; it increases blocking force without sacrificing RoM. Finite element modeling (FEM) was used to refine design features, and the joint stiffness and RoM are assessed experimentally for three prototypes. The joint is incorporated into a tube-shaft instrument, and the assembled tool's stiffness properties are characterized. The prototype was then assessed in a validated neurosurgical simulator. An individual 1.24-mm outer-diameter notch-tube compliant joint with gear contact-aids is capable of 30 deg maximum bending and can sustain a 0.55 N blocking force with 0.5 mm displacement. A functional instrument shaft with a 15.5- mm-long articulating section was constructed from three joints in series with an external flexible stainless-steel sheath. It achieves a 6.7-mm bending radius at 75 deg maximum bending angle. In preclinical testing with an endoscopic third ventriculostomy and endoscopic tumor biopsy (ETV-ETB) simulator, the tool successfully completes the biopsy and fenestration maneuvers from a single burr-hole entry point. The ANI prototype uses contact-aid geometry incorporated into a compliant nitinol notched-tube joint to produce an articulate biopsy instrument for minimally invasive neurosurgical applications.
Deflection Maps of Planar Elastic Catenary Cable-Driven Robots
Authors: Notash Leila 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the cable tension and platform deflection of cable-driven robots are studied. The significance of cable density, elasticity, and cross-sectional area; platform mass, radius, and center of mass; the external wrench and platform orientation on the cable tension, platform deflection, and workspace of the planar cable robots is investigated. It is shown that, in addition to the cable mass, external wrench has a more prominent effect on the workspace of the catenary cable model. Moreover, design issues and parameters affecting the manipulator deflection are examined, and those that would result in disjointed workspace regions and deflection maps are identified. It is presented that the change in the deflection is gradual throughout the workspace for a constant external wrench. For the catenary model, depending on the cable properties, platform orientation, manipulator design, and external wrench, the workspace with the deflection limit may consist of disconnected regions.
Modeling Deposit Erosion in Internal Turbine Cooling Geometries
Authors: Libertowski Nathan D. , Geiger Gabriel M. , Bons Jeffrey P. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Experiments were performed to study the erosion of deposit structures due to large particle impacts (&gt;5 μm). Cone-shaped dust deposits were created in an oversized (6.35 mm diameter) impingement cooling jet at 811 K with 0–5 μm Arizona road dust (ARD). Subsequently, the deposit cones were eroded with larger particle distributions (5–10, 10–20, 20–40, and 40–80 μm ARD) at various velocities and temperatures. It was found that erosion rate increased with increasing particle size and flow velocity and with decreasing temperature. The dependency on size and velocity occurs through the particle's kinetic energy at impact, while the dependency on temperature is related to the adhesive forces in the deposit structure. Using the experimental data, an empirical erosion model was developed to be added to the Ohio State University (OSU) deposition model. A computational flow simulation combined with mesh morphing is shown to capture key features of the erosion physics.
Constrained gauge-gravity duality in three and four dimensions
Authors: Assimos T. S. , Sobreiro R. F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe equivalence between Chern–Simons and Einstein–Hilbert actions in three dimensions established by Achúcarro and Townsend (Phys Lett B 180:89, 1986) and Witten (Nucl Phys B 311:46, 1988) is generalized to the off-shell case. The technique is also generalized to the Yang–Mills action in four dimensions displaying de Sitter gauge symmetry. It is shown that, in both cases, we can directly identify a gravity action while the gauge symmetry can generate spacetime local isometries as well as diffeomorphisms. The price we pay for working in an off-shell scenario is that specific geometric constraints are needed. These constraints can be identified with foliations of spacetime. The special case of spacelike leafs evolving in time is studied. Finally, the whole set up is analyzed under fiber bundle theory. In this analysis we show that a traditional gauge theory, where the gauge field does not influence in spacetime dynamics, can be (for specific cases) consistently mapped into a gravity theory in the first order formalism.
Angular asymmetry of the nuclear interaction probability of high energy particles in short bent crystals
Authors: Scandale W. , Cerutti F. , Esposito L. S. , Garattini M. , Gilardoni S. , Natochii A. , Rossi R. , Smirnov G. I. , Zhovkovska V. , Galluccio F. , Addesa F. , Iacoangeli F. , Kovalenko A. D. , Taratin A. M. , Gavrikov Yu. A. , Ivanov Yu. M. , Koznov M. A. , Malkov M. V. , Malyarenko L. G. , Mamunct I. G. , Borg J. , James T. , Hall G. , Pesaresi M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe rate of inelastic nuclear interactions in a short bent silicon crystal was precisely measured for the first time using a 180 GeV/c positive hadron beam produced in the North Experimental Area of the CERN SPS. An angular asymmetry dependence on the crystal orientation in the vicinity of the planar channeling minimum has been observed. For the inspected crystal, this probability is about $$\sim 20\%$$∼20% larger than in the amorphous case because of the atomic density increase along the particle trajectories in the angular range of volume reflection, whose dimension is determined by the crystal bending angle. Instead, for the opposite angular orientation with respect to the planar channeling, there is a smaller probability excess of $$\sim 4\%$$∼4%.
Overspinning Kerr-MOG black holes by test fields and the third law of black hole dynamics
Authors: Düztaş Koray 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe evaluate the validity of the weak form of the cosmic censorship conjecture and the third law of black hole dynamics for Kerr-MOG black holes interacting with test scalar fields. Ignoring backreaction effects, we first show that both extremal and nearly extremal Kerr-MOG black holes can be overspun into naked singularities by test fields with a frequency slightly above the superradiance limit. In addition, nearly extremal Kerr-MOG black holes can be continuously driven to extremality by test fields. Next, we employ backreaction effects based on the argument that the angular velocity of the event horizon increases before the absorption of the test field. Incorporating the backreaction effects, we derive that the weak form of the cosmic censorship and the third law are both valid for Kerr-MOG black holes with a modification parameter $$\alpha \lesssim 0.03$$α≲0.03, which includes the Kerr case with $$\alpha =0$$α=0.
PI controller for DC motor speed realized with simulink and practical measurements
Authors: Ibrahim Mohammed A. , Hamoodi Ali N. , Salih Bashar M. 
Published: January 2020

<p>This article describes the methodology of speed control by understanding control method of DC motor, definitely, armature and field resistances with additional to armature voltage control methods. The speed of DC motor is controlled PI controller as donor in this work. Using Matlab simulation and practical measurements, Terco DC motor speed control is achieved in this work. The results that obtained from Matlab simulation circuit is appeared approximately similar that obtained by practical connection.</p><p> </p>
Design of H_∞ for induction motor
Authors: Ismael Ammar issa , Jumaa Lafta E. , Khamas Nisreen 
Published: January 2020

For Induction motor is a system that works at their speed, nevertheless there are applications at which the speed operations are needed. The control of range of speed of induction motor techniques is available. The robust control is used with induction motor and the performance of the system with the controller will be improved. The mathematical model to the controller, which were coded in MATLAB. The modeling and controller will be shown by the conditions of robustness of be less than one.
New model of electric traction drive based sliding mode controller in field-oriented control of induction motor fed by multilevel inverter
Authors: Laoufi Chaymae , Sadoune Zouhair , Abbou Ahmed , Akherraz Mohammed 
Published: January 2020

This paper presents a new model of electric traction drive for electric vehicle. The sliding mode speed controller applied in the Indirect Rotor Field Oriented Control is used to control the induction motor fed by the five levels Neutral Point Clamped inverter (NPC). The simulation results showed the high performances dynamics and high robustness of the proposed model, that are reflected by faster startup and good speed tracking performances in terms of response time, oscillations and disturbance rejection. Also, a comparative study between different inverter topologies: two levels inverter, three levels NPC inverter and five levels NPC inverter has been carried out. From the spectral analysis, the five-levels NPC inverter fed drive provides better dynamics of voltage and current with reduced total harmonic distortion (THD).
An ELM-based single input rule module and its application in power generation
Authors: Yaw Chong Tak , Wong Shen Young , Yap Keem Sian 
Published: January 2020

Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) is widely known as an effective learning algorithm than the conventional learning methods from the point of learning speed as well as generalization. In traditional fuzzy inference method which was the "if-then" rules, all the input and output objects were assigned to antecedent and consequent component respectively. However, a major dilemma was that the fuzzy rules' number kept increasing until the system and arrangement of the rules became complicated. Therefore, the single input rule modules connected type fuzzy inference (SIRM) method where consociated the output of the fuzzy rules modules significantly. In this paper, we put forward a novel single input rule modules based on extreme learning machine (denoted as SIRM-ELM) for solving data regression problems. In this hybrid model, the concept of SIRM is applied as hidden neurons of ELM and each of them represents a single input fuzzy rules. Hence, the number of fuzzy rule and the number of hidden neuron of ELM are the same. The effectiveness of proposed SIRM-ELM model is verified using sigmoid activation functions based on several benchmark datasets and a NOx emission of power generation plant. Experimental results illustrate that our proposed SIRM-ELM model is capable of achieving small root mean square error, i.e., 0.027448 for prediction of NO<sub>x</sub> emission.
Exposure to Amoxicillin in Early Life Is Associated With Changes in Gut Microbiota and Reduction in Blood Pressure: Findings From a Study on Rat Dams and Offspring
Authors: Galla Sarah , Chakraborty Saroj , Cheng Xi , Yeo Ji‐Youn , Mell Blair , Chiu Nathaline , Wenceslau Camilla F. , Vijay‐Kumar Matam , Joe Bina 
Published: January 2020

Background

Pediatric hypertension is recognized as an emerging global health concern. Although new guidelines are developed for facilitating clinical management, the reasons for the prevalence of hypertension in children remain unknown. Genetics and environmental factors do not fully account for the growing incidence of pediatric hypertension. Because stable bacterial flora in early life are linked with health outcomes later in life, we hypothesized that reshaping of gut microbiota in early life affects blood pressure (
BP
) of pediatric subjects.

Methods and Results

To test this hypothesis, we administered amoxicillin, the most commonly prescribed pediatric antibiotic, to alter gut microbiota of young, genetically hypertensive rats (study 1) and dams during gestation and lactation (study 2) and recorded their
BP
. Reshaping of microbiota with reductions in Firmicutes/Bacteriodetes ratio were observed. Amoxicillin treated rats had lower
BP
compared with untreated rats. In young rats treated with amoxicillin, the lowering effect on
BP
persisted even after antibiotics were discontinued. Similarly, offspring from dams treated with amoxicillin showed lower systolic
BP
compared with control rats. Remarkably, in all cases, a decrease in
BP
was associated with lowering of Veillonellaceae, which are succinate‐producing bacteria. Elevated plasma succinate is reported in hypertension. Accordingly, serum succinate was measured and found lower in animals treated with amoxicillin.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate a direct correlation between succinate‐producing gut microbiota and early development of hypertension and indicate that reshaping gut microbiota, especially by depleting succinate‐producing microbiota early in life, may have long‐term benefits for hypertension‐prone individuals.
Taxonomic assessment of two pygopodoid gecko subspecies from Western Australia
Authors: Kealley Luke , Doughty Paul , Edwards Danielle , Brennan Ian G. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Subspecies designations for herpetofauna in Western Australia were largely coined in the 20th century where rigorous evolutionary concepts to species were not consistently applied. Rather, subspecies tended to designate geographic populations of similar-looking taxa to nominate forms, usually differing in size, pattern or colour and, at best, a few scalation differences. Here we re-evaluate two pygopodoid taxa from Western Australia using a combination of published and original genetic data coupled with a reassessment of morphology. We review these differences in light of an integrative taxonomic approach that looks to find multiple independent lines of evidence to establish the evolutionary independence of populations. For the pygopod species Pletholax gracilis, we found consistent diagnostic characters (e.g. body size, visibility of ear opening, scalation) and a deep genetic divergence between the two subspecies. We therefore raise each subspecies to full species: P. gracilis and P. edelensis. The two subspecies of the carphodactylid gecko Nephrurus wheeleri were also assessed, and we found strong genetic and morphological evidence (e.g. body size, scalation, pattern) to raise these to full species: N. wheeleri and N. cinctus. By revisiting Storr’s morphological insights and newly acquired genetic evidence, in addition to a thorough re-examination of morphological traits, our study provides a robust foundation to raise Storr’s morphological subspecies into full species based upon multiple lines of evidence. Such an approach applied to other subspecies in the Australian herpetofauna also may result in revised taxonomies.
Diagnostic performance of whole-lesion apparent diffusion coefficient histogram analysis metrics for differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions: a systematic review and diagnostic meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Fan , Liang Ying-ying , Guo Yuan , Liang Zhi-ping , Wu Mei , Chen Song , Zeng Xu-wen 
Published: January 2020

Background Although whole-lesion apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram has been increasingly used for breast lesions, it has not been routinely used in clinical practice as an emergent promising imaging tool. Purpose To evaluate the performance of whole-lesion ADC histogram analysis metrics for differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions. Material and Methods A systematic PubMed/EMBASE/Cochrane electronic database search was performed for original diagnostic studies from 1 January 1970 to 2 January 2019. Summary estimates of diagnostic accuracy were generated and meta-regression was performed to explore sources of heterogeneity according to study and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics. Results Five original articles involving 493 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of whole-lesion ADC histogram analysis were 0.85 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.81–0.89) and 0.79 (95% CI = 0.72–0.84) for distinguishing benign and malignant breast lesions, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.9178. No publication bias was detected ( P = 0.51). In subgroup analysis, the summary sensitivity and specificity of 50th percentile ADC value were 0.81 (95% CI = 0.71–0.88) and 0.86 (95% CI = 0.74–0.94), respectively. Meta-regression analysis indicated no covariates were sources of heterogeneity ( P > 0.05). Conclusion Whole-lesion ADC histogram analysis demonstrated good diagnostic performance for differentiating between benign and malignant breast lesions, with 50th percentile ADC value showing higher diagnostic accuracy than other histogram parameters. Given the limited number of studies included in the analysis, the findings from our meta-analysis will need further confirmation in future research.
Learning Needs of Iranian Patients with Coronary Heart Disease: A Cross-sectional, Comparative Study
Authors: Hassankhani Hadi , Haririan Hamidreza , Jafari Arezoo , Porter Joanne E. , O’Brien Frances , Feizollahzadeh Hossein 
Published: January 2020

Background: Patient education requires modification as it is either nonexistent or implemented irregularly or inadequately. Study’s purpose: To examine the learning needs of patients with coronary heart disease from the perspective of the patients, their relatives, and health care providers. Methodology: The cross-sectional, comparative study conducted at two cardiac hospitals of Tabriz and Ardebil, Iran from May 2016 to September 2016.Through convenience sampling perceptions of 137 patients, 137 relatives, 33 cardiologists, and 108 nurses were compared using the Cardiac Learning Need Inventory questionnaire. Major results: The most important learning needs of patients from the perspective of physicians, nurses, and patients’ relatives was information about risk factors. In contrast, patient’s perceived information about medication to be their most important learning need. Clinical implications: Patients’ perceptions of their educational needs was different from the perceptions of physicians, nurses, and relatives of the patients. Therefore, when planning patient education a comprehensive review of the patients’ learning needs is required in order to develop a suitable education plan by prioritizing patients’ educational needs.
Collaborative Research: Techniques for Conducting Collaborative Research From the Science of Team Science (SciTS)
Authors: Turner John R. , Baker Rose 
Published: January 2020

The Problem The field of human resource development (HRD) is a multidisciplinary field of research and practice requiring collaboration. Unfortunately, the literature on how to conduct collaborative research is incomplete within HRD and other disciplines. Any breakdown in the communication, exchange of ideas, agreed-upon methodologies, or shared credit for dissemination has the potential of preventing research from moving forward. Promotion and tenure policies also hamper collaborative efforts in that these policies often reward individual initiative as opposed to collaborative outcomes. These behavioral patterns provide constraints to the improvement and betterment of efforts to changing of the guard. The Solution This article highlights new and improved methods for working in collaborative environments. During an academic’s transition and professional development, these methods will help emerging scholars, new to collaborative research, when facing the team science revolution. The Stakeholders Scholars and scholar-practitioners engaged in collaborative research. Emerging scholars who are beginning their journey into collaborative research. Graduate students preparing for a career in academia.
Predictors of reoperation after internal fixation of intra-articular distal humerus fractures
Authors: Somerson Jeremy S , Morrey Mark E , Sanchez-Sotelo Joaquin , Morrey Bernard F 
Published: January 2020

Background Despite good reported outcomes with open reduction and internal fixation of intra-articular distal humerus fractures, complication rates remain high. The objective of this work is to identify factors associated with reoperation. Methods Sixty-three patients treated with open reduction and internal fixation for intra-articular ( Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen type C) distal humerus fractures between 2004 and 2010 were identified using an institutional trauma registry, 62 of which were followed for a minimum of six months. Age, gender, fracture subclassification, open fracture presence, Injury Severity Score, time to definitive surgery, length of postoperative immobilization, and type of approach were recorded. Multivariate analysis was utilized to identify factors independently associated with reoperation. Results Complications requiring reoperation developed in 25 (40.3%) elbows. The most common reasons were wound dehiscence or infection in nine elbows (14.5%) and symptomatic hardware in six (9.6%). During multivariate analysis, only olecranon osteotomy remained an independent predictor for reoperation ( P = 0.043). Discussion Despite improved internal fixation techniques, a high proportion of elbows require reoperation after open reduction and internal fixation for distal humerus fractures. Higher complication rates in fractures fixed through an olecranon osteotomy may reflect additional reoperations due to nonunion of the osteotomy or need to remove hardware from the ulna. Level of evidence Prognostic Level III.