bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mutation of HPR1 encoding a component of the THO/TREX complex reduces STOP1 accumulation and aluminium resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Guo Jinliang , Zhang Yang , Gao Huiling , Li Shengben , Wang Zhen‐Yu , Huang Chao‐Feng 
Published: May 2020

Summary

C2H2‐type zinc finger transcription factor sensitive to proton rhizotoxicity 1 (STOP1) plays an essential role in aluminium (Al) resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana by controlling the expression of a set of Al‐resistance genes, including the malate transporter‐encoding gene A. thaliana aluminium activated malate transporter 1 (AtALMT1) that is critically required for Al resistance. STOP1 is suggested to be modulated by Al at post‐transcriptional and/or post‐translational levels. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be demonstrated.

We carried out a forward genetic screen on an ethyl methanesulphonate mutagenized population, which contains the AtALMT1 promoter‐driven luciferase reporter gene (pAtALMT1:LUC), and identified hyperrecombination protein 1 (HPR1), which encodes a subunit of the THO/TREX complex. We investigate the effect of hpr1 mutations on the expression of Al‐resistance genes and Al resistance, and we also examined the regulatory role of HPR1 in nuclear messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein accumulation of STOP1 gene.

Mutation of HPR1 reduces the expression of STOP1‐regulated genes and the associated Al resistance. The hpr1 mutations increase STOP1 mRNA retention in the nucleus and consequently decrease STOP1 protein abundance. Mutation of regulation of AtALMT1 expression 1 (RAE1) that mediates STOP1 degradation in the hpr1 mutant background can partially rescue the deficient phenotypes of hpr1 mutants.

Our results demonstrate that HPR1 modulates Al resistance partly through the regulation of nucleocytoplasmic STOP1 mRNA export.
Neighbourhood residential density and childhood obesity
Authors: Zou Yuxuan , Ma Yanan , Wu Zhifeng , Liu Yang , Xu Min , Qiu Ge , Vos Heleen , Jia Peng , Wang Limin 
Published: May 2020

SummaryResidential density is considered an important attribute of the built environment that may be relevant to childhood obesity. However, findings remain inconclusive, and there are no reviews yet on the association between residential density and childhood obesity. This study aimed to systematically review the associations between residential density and weight‐related behaviours and outcomes. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the Cochrane Library, PubMed and Web of Science for articles published before 1 January 2019. A total of 35 studies conducted in 14 countries were identified, including 33 cross‐sectional studies, one longitudinal study and one containing both study designs. Residential density was measured by Geographic Information Systems in 28 studies within a varied radius from 0.25 to 2 km around the individual residence. Our study found a general positive association between residential density and physical activity (PA); no significant associations were observed. This study provided evidence for a supportive role of residential density in promoting PA among children. However, it remained difficult to draw a conclusion between residential density and childhood obesity. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm this association.
To compare the effect of ice and the lignocaine gel in reducing pain of needle prick before palatal nerve block
Authors: Kumari K. , Kaur G. , Arora S.S. , Pandher P.K. , Singh R. , Bhat R.A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to compare the effect of ice and the lignocaine gel in reducing pain of needle prick before palatal nerve block using Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and sound, eye and motor (SEM) scale.Material and MethodologyIn this split‐mouth design study, a total of 200 patients undergoing maxillary molar extraction were selected and were randomly divided into two equal groups having 200 sites in each group. The operative sites were divided into two groups, namely, Group A in which Lignocaine gel was applied and Group B in which ice was applied.ResultsAmong the participant, 138 were men and 62 were women whose age ranged from 18 to 60 years. Statistical analysis of pain on Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) showed that the mean of NRS score for the group A and group B as 0.2 ± 0.41 and 0.05 ± 0.226 (mean ± SD), respectively, which was statistically insignificant (P >0.05). Mean of sound in SEM scale for the group A and group B as 1.4 ± 0.4894 and 1.05 ± 0.2236 (mean ± SD), respectively, which was statistically insignificant (P >0.05). Statistical evaluation showed that mean of eye in SEM scale for the group A and group B was 1.05 ± 0.2236 and 1.15 ± 0.3663 (mean ± SD), respectively, which was also statistically insignificant (P >0.05). Mean of motor scale for the group A and group B was 1.05 ± 0.2236 and 1.15 ± 0.3663 (mean ± SD), respectively, which was statistically insignificant (P >0.05).ConclusionIce has shown equal efficacy in reducing pain of needle prick compared to lignocaine gel. Thus, ice can be proved to be a cost‐effective alternative.
Embolization of congenital portosystemic shunt presenting after pediatric liver transplantation: Case report and literature review
Authors: Rohringer Taryn J. , Ng Vicky L. , Amaral Joao G. , Parra Dimitri A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis case report describes a 13‐year 10‐month‐old girl who underwent a deceased‐donor split LT for primary diagnosis of biliary atresia at the age of 12 months, who presented with a lower GI bleed. Ultrasound and CT revealed a venous vascular anomaly involving the cecum and ascending colon, with communication of the SMV and pelvic veins consistent with a CEPS. Associated varices were noted in the pelvis along the uterus and urinary bladder. These findings were confirmed by trans‐hepatic porto‐venography, which was diagnostic and therapeutic as a successful embolization of the CEPS was performed using micro‐coils. There were no complications following the procedure and no further GI bleeding occurred, illustrating the efficacy of this treatment option for CEPS. We discuss the literature regarding the presenting complaint of GI bleeding post–LT, CEPS as a rare cause of GI bleeding and its association with PV, and the classification and treatment of CEPS.
Effects of temperature on the development and fecundity of Microplitis similis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Yi Si‐Jia , Hopkins Richard J. , Chen Xu‐Yang , Chen Zhuang‐Mei , Wang Xing , Huang Guo‐Hua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMicroplitis similis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a solitary endoparasitoid of Spodoptera litura larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Here, the effects of constant temperature (18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33 and 36 °C) on the development and fecundity of M. similis developing in S. litura were studied in the laboratory to clarify the range of its potential distribution and better understand its potential as a biological control agent. The developmental duration of M. similis varied from 10.6 (33 °C) to 27.9 days (18 °C). The developmental threshold temperature and effective accumulative temperature of M. similis were 9.96 °C and 231.14 Degree‐days, respectively. The average adult longevity of M. similis ranged from 5.1 (33 °C) to 26.8 days (18 °C). The maximum fecundity of the parasitoid was observed at 27 and 30 °C, which were 43.07 and 39.73 eggs, respectively. The minimum fecundity of the parasitoid was observed at 18 °C, which was 8.27 eggs. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and finite rate of increase (λ) of M. similis were the highest at 30 °C. The net reproduction rate (R0) was the highest at 27 °C and 30 °C, which were 44.34 and 40.39, respectively. We concluded that temperatures in the range 27–30 °C are the most suitable for development and reproduction of M. similis. Our study provides detailed basic information for development and reproduction of M. similis under different temperature conditions.
Prevalence of Phytophthora species in macadamia orchards in Australia and their ability to cause stem canker
Authors: Jeff‐Ego Olumide S. , Drenth Andre , Topp Bruce , Henderson Juliane , Akinsanmi Olufemi A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn Australia, Phytophthora cinnamomi is the only species reported as the causal agent of stem canker and root rot in macadamia. In other countries, five Phytophthora species have been reported to cause diseases in macadamia, which led us to question if more than one Phytophthora species is responsible for poor tree health in macadamia orchards in Australia. To investigate this, samples were collected from the rhizosphere, stem, and root tissues of trees with and without symptoms, nurseries, and water sources from 70 commercial macadamia orchards in Australia. Phytophthora isolates were identified based on morphological characteristics and DNA sequencing. P. cinnamomi was the most predominant and widely distributed species, and was obtained from the different types of samples including symptomless root tissues. In addition to P. cinnamomi, only P. multivora was isolated from diseased tissue (stem canker) samples. Six other Phytophthora species were obtained from the rhizosphere samples: P. pseudocryptogea, P. citrophthora, P. nicotianae, P. gondwanense, P. sojae, and a new Phytophthora taxon. Only P. cinnamomi was obtained from macadamia nursery samples, while five Phytophthora species were obtained from water sources. Of the heterothallic Phytophthora species, mating type A2 isolates were dominant in P. cinnamomi isolates, whereas only mating type A1 isolates were obtained for P. nicotianae, P. pseudocryptogea, and P. citrophthora. Pathogenicity assays revealed that P. cinnamomi and P. multivora caused significantly larger stem and leaf lesions than P. citrophthora, P. nicotianae, and P. pseudocryptogea. Phytophthora sp. and P. sojae were nonpathogenic towards leaves and stems.
Aetiology of branch dieback, panicle and shoot blight of pistachio associated with fungal trunk pathogens in southern Spain
Authors: López‐Moral Ana , del Carmen Raya María , Ruiz‐Blancas Cristina , Medialdea Ignacio , Lovera María , Arquero Octavio , Trapero Antonio , Agustí‐Brisach Carlos 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPistachio represents an emerging nut crop across the Mediterranean basin. In Spain, pistachio has been traditionally cultivated in marginal‐dry areas with unfavourable climatic conditions for plant diseases. Consequently, little attention has been given to research on pistachio diseases until recently. Symptoms of branch dieback and cankers, and shoot and panicle blight have been recently observed in commercial pistachio orchards across southern Spain. In this study, 10 commercial pistachio orchards showing disease symptoms were surveyed between 2017 and 2018. Botryosphaeriaceae fungi were consistently isolated from affected shoots, among other fungal families with minor relevance. Representative isolates of each family were characterized based on colony and conidial morphology, optimum growth temperature, and the comparison of DNA sequence data (ITS, LSU, EF, TUB2, and ACT genomic regions). Detached and attached shoots, and attached panicles of pistachio cv. Kerman were inoculated with mycelial plugs or conidial suspensions to demonstrate the pathogenicity of the selected isolates. Botryosphaeria dothidea, Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, Neofusicoccum mediterraneum, N. parvum, Diaporthe neotheicola, Diaporthe sp., Eutypa lata, Eutypa sp., Cytospora sp., and Phaeoacremonium minimum were identified. P. minimum had the highest optimum growth temperature (29.6 °C) and Cytospora sp. the lowest (21–22 °C). Botryosphaeriaceae isolates showed the largest lesions on inoculated shoots, with L. pseudotheobromae being the most aggressive, followed by Neofusicoccum species. Panicles inoculated with N. mediterraneum showed blight symptoms and canker formation 6 weeks after inoculation, without significant differences in aggressiveness between isolates. This work reports relevant information about this emerging disease in the novel Spanish pistachio‐growing areas.
Parasites and coral‐associated invertebrates that impact coral health
Authors: Barton Jonathan A. , Bourne David G. , Humphrey Craig , Hutson Kate S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGlobally coral reefs are in decline, largely driven by local anthropogenic pressures combined with broader cumulative impacts from climate change. Coral aquaculture will play an important role in active reef restoration and attempts to preserve some semblance of coral reefs in highly impacted areas. Achieving maximum growth and survivorship of cultured corals is necessary to achieve optimal results. This is not possible without the study of coral pests and diseases which can be detrimental to coral health. Here we review the complex relationships between corals and their associated symbiotic organisms, identify invertebrates that may harm the corals and suggest known management techniques in captivity. Groups considered included acoels (Xenacoelomorpha: Acoela), digeneans (Trematoda: Digenea), polyclads (Rhabditophora: Polycladida), gastropods (Mollusca: Gastropoda), decapods (Malacostraca: Decapoda), copepods (Hexanauplia: Copepoda) and pyrgomatids (Cirripedia: Pyrgomatidae). There are few empirically validated management techniques for coral pests, particularly in terms of large‐scale aquaculture, emphasizing the need for further directed research in this area. Information generated through the ornamental trade and hobbyists is valuable to inform future research direction targeted towards captive coral husbandry, reef ecosystem management and restoration strategies.
Safe performance of diagnostic bronchoscopy/EBUS during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic
Authors: Steinfort Daniel P. , Herth Felix J.F. , Irving Louis B. , Nguyen Phan T. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTThe SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic is unprecedented in our professional lives and much effort and resources will be devoted to care of patients (and HCW) affected by this illness. We must also continue to aim for the same standard of care for our non‐COVID respiratory patients, while minimizing risks of infection transmission to our colleagues. This commentary addresses the key paired issues of minimizing performance of diagnostic/staging bronchoscopy in patients with suspected/known lung cancer while maximizing the safety of the procedure with respect to HCW transmission of COVID‐19.
Effect of a water, sanitation and hygiene program on handwashing with soap among household members of diarrhoea patients in healthcare facilities in Bangladesh: a cluster‐randomised controlled trial of the CHoBI7 mobile health program
Authors: Zohura Fatema , Bhuyian Md. Sazzadul Islam , Saxton Ronald E. , Parvin Tahmina , Monira Shirajum , Biswas Shwapon K. , Masud Jahed , Nuzhat Sharika , Papri Nowshin , Hasan M. Tasdik , Thomas Elizabeth D , Sack David , Perin Jamie , Alam Munirul , George Christine Marie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe Cholera‐Hospital‐Based‐Intervention‐for‐7‐days (CHoBI7) is a water treatment and handwashing with soap intervention for diarrhoea patients and their household members which is initially delivered in a healthcare facility setting. This study evaluated the effectiveness of CHoBI7 program delivery in increasing handwashing with soap in a healthcare facility setting among diarrhoea patients and their household members.MethodsA randomised controlled trial of the CHoBI7 program was conducted among 404 diarrhoea patients and their accompanying household members in healthcare facilities in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The ‘Standard Message’ Arm received the standard message given in Bangladesh to diarrhoea patients on the use of oral rehydration solution. The ‘Health Facility Visit + Soapy Water’ Arm received the standard message, the CHoBI7 communication module delivered bedside to the patient; and a soapy water bottle in the healthcare facility. The ‘Health Facility Visit + Handwashing Station’ Arm received this same intervention plus a small plastic handwashing station. Within 24 h of intervention delivery, three‐hour structured observation of handwashing practices at stool/vomit‐ and food‐related events (key events) was conducted in healthcare facilities of diarrhoea patients and their accompanying household members.ResultsCompared to the Standard Message Arm, there was significantly more handwashing with soap at key events in both the Health Facility Visit + Soapy Water Arm (51% vs. 25 %) (Odds Ratio: 3.02; (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.41, 6.45) and the Health Facility Visit + Handwashing Station Arm (58% vs. 25%) OR: 4.12; (95% CI: 1.86, 9.14).ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that delivery of the CHoBI7 communication module and provision of a soapy water bottle to diarrhoea patients and their accompanying household members presents a promising approach to increase handwashing with soap among this high risk population in a healthcare facility setting in Bangladesh.
Analytical and Experimental Study of Magnetomechanical Properties of Magnetic Porous PDMS Sponge Under Non-Uniform Magnetic Fields
Authors: Shademani Ali , Chiao Mu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Magnetic elastomers (MEs) respond to an applied magnetic field through magnetomechanical coupling, where the mechanical properties of the MEs change with magnetic field strength. These phenomena have been mostly studied under homogenous magnetic fields due to the simplicity. In this work, the effects of the magnetic field gradient on the mechanical properties and the response of the MEs was examined. MEs are made by embedding carbonyl iron microparticles (CI) into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix, which is later rendered porous. The influence of the CI concentration was investigated by manipulating four different samples with CI/PDMS weight ratios of 0.2, 0.6, 1.0, and 1.4. An analytical method was proposed to further understand the interactions of the magnetic field gradient and the material’s response. The proposed theory was later verified with experimental results from compression tests in the presence of different magnetic fields. The proposed theoretical framework and experimental methods can be used to improve the design of MEs in the future.
Monitoring and Imaging of Bolted Steel Plate Joints Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves
Authors: Shah Jay Kumar , Mukherjee Abhijit 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Steel structures with bolted joints are easily dismantled and repurposed. However, maintaining joint integrity is a challenge. This paper reports a non-destructive methodology to monitor steel bolted joints. Piezoelectric ceramic patches have been surface bonded in the joint for transmission and reception of guided ultrasonic waves. Both single and multiple bolted joints have been investigated. It has been demonstrated that the variation in acoustic impedance due at the bolt interface can be discerned and calibrated with bolt torque level. The recorded reflections from interfaces are used as inputs for a newly developed imaging algorithm. The proposed method has the potential to be a reference-free and fully automated method.
Experimental Assessment of a 3D-Printed Stainless Steel Gas Foil Bearing
Authors: Shalash Karim , Schiffmann Jürg 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Gas foil bearings (GFBs) are a key enabling technology for high-speed turbomachinery. The manufacturing of GFBs relies mainly on sheet metal forming techniques in order to conceive the compliant structure (e.g., bump foil) and the top foil. Such techniques require the development of a special know-how and most importantly, limit the design creativity to what is manufacturable using sheet metal forming. Additive manufacturing (AM) is a disruptive technology in prototyping and fabrication. This paper accesses the feasibility of AM in the fabrication of GFBs using selective laser melting (SLM) technology. A stainless steel GFB is 3D-printed in one piece, including the sleeve, the bump, and top foils. The bearing is assessed geometrically and statically before being tested on a gas bearing test rig, where it supported a ø40 mm rotor (m = 2 kg). The bearing performed similar to a conventional GFB, showing rotordynamically stable and repeatable operation up to 37.5 krpm. Such result highlights the potentials of AM as a viable alternative for foil bearing manufacturing.
Influence of Power on Interplay of Microstructure and Erosion-Tribo Performance of Microwave Composite Clads
Authors: Singh Bhupinder , Zafar Sunny 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Metal matrix composite (MMC) clads were developed through microwave cladding technique on CA6NM substrate using different microwave power levels. The influence of microwave power was investigated on the microstructure, phase evolution, mechanical properties, and erosion-tribo performance of the clad layers. Increase in microwave power resulted in reduction of Cr7C3 phase in clad layers, which eventually decreases the fracture toughness and microhardness of the clad. Clad fabricated at 600 W exhibited highest fracture toughness (11.6 ± 0.58 MPa√m) and microhardness (949 ± 47.45 HV). All clads exhibited highest erosion at 60 deg indicating a mixed erosion mode. Clads fabricated at power levels beyond 600 W, with less Cr7C3 content exhibited severe carbide pullout, thus deteriorated the slurry erosion resistance of the clads.
A Multi-Layer Perceptron With a Hierarchical Prior for Operating State Recognition of Ship Propulsion Systems
Authors: Zhang Dongdong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
To define more clearly vibration-related problems of ship propulsion systems, a procedure incorporating operating state recognition into conventional vibration analysis is proposed in this paper. Emphasis is placed on identifying operating modes and decay levels through a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) with a hierarchical prior. First, a variant of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) with momentum is presented for integrating a hierarchical prior into the parameter learning of an MLP network. Then, the MLP network, governing information representation through multiple levels of abstraction is designed, and the hierarchical prior, representing a clear explanation in physics of system operating for an operator or maintainer, is also constructed. Finally, the operating data from a combined diesel or gas turbine (CODOG) system validate that the accuracy improvement of operating state recognition can be achieved by MLP with a hierarchical prior when the sample size is relatively small. Meanwhile, the vibration signals from the CODOG system verify the effectiveness of the vibration analysis procedure coupled with operating state recognition.