bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal recalibration for improving prognostic model development and risk predictions in settings where survival is improving over time
Authors: Booth Sarah , Riley Richard D , Ensor Joie , Lambert Paul C , Rutherford Mark J 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrognostic models are typically developed in studies covering long time periods. However, if more recent years have seen improvements in survival, then using the full dataset may lead to out-of-date survival predictions. Period analysis addresses this by developing the model in a subset of the data from a recent time window, but results in a reduction of sample size.MethodsWe propose a new approach, called temporal recalibration, to combine the advantages of period analysis and full cohort analysis. This approach develops a model in the entire dataset and then recalibrates the baseline survival using a period analysis sample. The approaches are demonstrated utilizing a prognostic model in colon cancer built using both Cox proportional hazards and flexible parametric survival models with data from 1996–2005 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program database. Comparison of model predictions with observed survival estimates were made for new patients subsequently diagnosed in 2006 and followed-up until 2015.ResultsPeriod analysis and temporal recalibration provided more up-to-date survival predictions that more closely matched observed survival in subsequent data than the standard full cohort models. In addition, temporal recalibration provided more precise estimates of predictor effects.ConclusionPrognostic models are typically developed using a full cohort analysis that can result in out-of-date long-term survival estimates when survival has improved in recent years. Temporal recalibration is a simple method to address this, which can be used when developing and updating prognostic models to ensure survival predictions are more closely calibrated with the observed survival of individuals diagnosed subsequently.
Treatment Efficacy of Internet Gaming Disorder With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Emotional Dysregulaton
Authors: Chang Chuan-Hsin , Chang Yue-Cune , Cheng Helen , Tzang Ruu-Fen 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Recent youth with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) noticed emotional dysregulation if they had Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD). This study aims to understand the treatment efficacy of IGD with ADHD and emotional dysregulaton.

Method
A total of 101 ADHD youths were recruited. We used the Chen Internet Addiction Scale and IGD criteria of the diagnotsic statistical manual (DSM)-5 to confirm IGD. The Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham questionnaire Version IV was used for symptoms of ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder was assessed by psychiatrist.

Results
There is a new phenomenon that emotional dysregulation has been frequently noticed in severely gaming-addicted ADHD youth. Treatment efficacy of IGD is good when the underlying symptom of ADHD is controlled. Symptom scores of disruptive mood dysregulation (DMDD) were significantly reduced by 71.9%, 74.8%, and 84.4% at week 2, 3, and 4, respectively (P ≤ .001) after adjusting baseline symptom severity.

Conclusion
IGD may strongly arouse emotional dysregulation. Future DSM criteria could consider these gaming-addicted youth as a specific subclass of ADHD.
Determination of the Efficacy of Preservation of Non-Eye Area Water-Miscible Cosmetic and Toiletry Formulations: Collaborative Study
Authors: Machtigere Neal A , Fischler George E , Adams Margaret C , Spielmaker Ron , Graf Joyce F ,   Collaborators:, Anger C B , Beauchamp J , Borovian G , Conlin S , DeVito M A , English D J , Entrup M R , Flanagan J , Huntley M , Kaiserman J , Lenczewski M , Mikulan-Maxfield L , Mitchell K S , O’Hearn K , Palmieri P , Parker L , Schnittger S , Schultz S L , Scibienski E , Seehase C , Settineri F , Shaffer M J , Spiegelman S , Tran T T , Vitolo P , Young-Bandala L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A collaborative study was conducted to test a method developed to distinguish between adequately and inadequately preserved cosmetic formulations. Nineteen laboratories participated in the study. Samples tested included shampoos, hair conditioners, oil-in-water emulsions, and water-in-oil-emulsions. Triplicate samples of 4 adequately preserved and 4 inadequately preserved cosmetic products were tested by each collaborative laboratory. Results showed that all inadequately preserved shampoo and conditioner samples failed to meet the acceptance criteria for adequately preserved formulations. Of the 51 preserved samples, 49 shampoos and 48 conditioners met the criteria for adequate preservation. All samples of inadequately preserved water-in-oil emulsions and oil-in-water emulsions failed to meet the acceptance criteria, whereas all adequately preserved emulsion formulations met the acceptance criteria.
Combined Phenyl Silane and Immunoaffinity Column Cleanup with Liquid Chromatography for Determination of Ochratoxin A in Roasted Coffee: Collaborative Study
Authors: Entwisle A Catherine , Williams Alison C , Mann Peter J , Russell Joanne , Slack Philip T , Gilbert John ,   Collaborators:, Burdaspal P , Eklund E , Gardikis J , Hald B , Herry M-P , Jørgensen K , Kandler H , Patel S , Pittet A , Schuster M , Solfrizzo M , Strassmeier E , Tiebach R , Torgensen T , Van der Stegen A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A collaborative study was conducted to evaluate a liquid chromatography (LC) method for ochratoxin A using sequential phenyl silane and immunoaffinity column cleanup. The method was tested at 3 different levels of ochratoxin A in roasted coffee, which spanned the range of possible future European regulatory limits. The test portion was extracted with methanol and sodium bicarbonate by shaking for 30 min. The extract was filtered, centrifuged, and then cleaned up on a phenyl silane column before being eluted from the washed column with methanol–water. The eluate was diluted with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and applied to an ochratoxin A immunoaffinity column, which was washed with water. The ochratoxin A was eluted with methanol, the solvent was evaporated, and the residue was redissolved in injection solvent. After injection of this solution onto a reversed-phase LC apparatus, ochratoxin A was measured by fluorescence detection. Eight laboratory samples of low-level naturally contaminated roasted coffee and 2 laboratory samples of blank coffee (&lt; 0.2 ng/g ochratoxin A at the signal-to-noise ratio of 3:1), along with ampules of ochratoxin A calibrant and spiking solutions, were sent to 15 laboratories in 13 different European countries. Test portions of the laboratory samples were spiked at levels of 4 ng/g ochratoxin A, and recoveries ranged from 65 to 97%. Based on results for spiked blank material (blind duplicates) and naturally contaminated material (blind duplicates at 3 levels), the relative standard deviation for repeatability (RSDr) ranged from 2 to 22% and the relative standard deviation for reproducibility (RSDR) ranged from 14 to 26%. The method showed acceptable within- and between-laboratory precision, as evidenced by HORRAT values, at the low level of determination for ochratoxin A in roasted coffee.
Computational analysis of bioconvective flow of nanofluid containing gyrotactic microorganisms over a nonlinear stretching sheet with variable viscosity using HAM
Authors: Mondal Surya Kanta , Pal Dulal 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper is concerned with the investigation of variable viscosity bioconvection flow of nanofluid containing motile gyrotactic microorganisms over a nonlinear stretching sheet in the presence of nonlinear thermal radiation, chemical reaction, internal heat source, and suction/injection effects. The homotopy analysis method has been developed for solving the governing nonlinear differential equations of the boundary layer flow of nanofluid over a stretching sheet. The scaling group transformation (a special form of Lie group transformation) has been applied to find the similarity variable $\eta $. Figures are drawn by using Mathematica software to analyze the results that correspond to some important physical parameters and bioconvection parameters on velocity, temperature, nanoparticle concentration, and density of gyrotactic microorganisms. It is found that the influence of variable viscosity on velocity profiles showed that there is an increase in the velocity profiles of nanofluid and the reverse effect is observed on its temperature distribution. It is seen that the thermal radiation parameter increases the temperature distribution, whereas it decreases the nanoparticle concentration distribution. It is also found that the inverse Darcy number reduces the velocity profile, whereas it enhances the temperature distribution. This work may find applications in advanced nanomechanical bioconvection energy conversion devices, bio-nanocoolant systems, etc.
Understandings of Trauma: Contrasting Sudanese Refugees and Holocaust Survivors
Authors: White Jarrod , Manderson Lenore , Newman Louise , Melvin Glenn 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Responses to deeply traumatic events vary according to cultural context, yet we have little insight into why these discrepancies occur. In order to explore cultural variation in models of trauma, we draw on data from semi-structured interviews with Sudanese refugees (n = 12) and with Holocaust survivors (n = 13) in Melbourne, Australia. Using descriptive phenomenological analysis, we examine the similarities and differences between the two groups. Group differences were found in the meaning of traumatic memory, the communication of somatoform symptoms in the Sudanese-refugee group only, conceptions of self after the traumatic event and the relationship change with the social world. Similarities included the persistence of traumatic memory, an impact on identity, a change in one’s relationship with the social world and the emergence of existential anxiety. The findings contribute to uncovering delineation points between cultural models for understanding trauma, while simultaneously presenting a potential cross-cultural language useful for understanding trauma.
Plica syndrome after medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction: a case report
Authors: Iwaasa Tomoya , Tensho Keiji , Koyama Suguru , Shimodaira Hiroki , Horiuchi Hiroshi , Saito Naoto , Takahashi Jun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A 16-year-old female with a history of left recurrent patellar dislocation underwent medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction surgery. Two months postoperatively, the patient presented with medial patellar pain. Left medial plica syndrome was suspected, and we performed a partial arthroscopic resection of the medial synovial plica. The symptom gradually improved after surgery. To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports that discuss the relationship between postoperative pain of MPFL reconstruction and synovial plica as found in this case report. Surgeons should be aware of the possibility that asymptomatic synovial plica could become symptomatic.
Stellar population properties of ETGs in compact groups of galaxies
Authors: Moura Tatiana C , de Carvalho Reinaldo R , Rembold Sandro B , Trevisan Marina , Ribeiro Andre L B , Pérez-Villegas Angeles , La Barbera Francesco , Stalder Diego H , Rosa Reinaldo R 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
We present results on the study of the stellar population in early-type galaxies (ETGs) belonging to 151 compact groups (CGs). We also selected a field sample composed of 846 ETGs to investigate environmental effects on galaxy evolution. We find that the dependences of mean stellar ages, [Z/H] and [α/Fe] on central stellar velocity dispersion are similar, regardless where the ETG resides, CGs or field. When compared to the sample of centrals and satellites from the literature, we find that ETGs in CGs behave similarly to centrals, especially those embedded in low-mass haloes ($M_{\mathrm{ h}} \lt 10^ {12.5}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$). Except for the low-mass limit, where field galaxies present a star-forming signature, not seen in CGs, the ionization agent of the gas in CG and field galaxies seem to be similar due to hot, evolved low-mass stars. However, field ETGs present an excess of H α emission relative to ETGs in CGs. Additionally, we performed a dynamical analysis, which shows that CGs present a bimodality in the group velocity dispersion distribution – a high- and low-σ mode. Our results indicate that high-σ groups have a smaller fraction of spirals, shorter crossing times, and a more luminous population of galaxies than the low-σ groups. It is important to emphasize that our findings point to a small environmental impact on galaxies located in CGs. The only evidence we find is the change in gas content, suggesting environmentally driven gas loss.
NGC 7469 as seen by MEGARA: new results from high-resolution IFU spectroscopy
Authors: Cazzoli S , Gil de Paz A , Márquez I , Masegosa J , Iglesias J , Gallego J , Carrasco E , Cedazo R , García-Vargas M L , Castillo-Morales Á , Pascual S , Cardiel N , Pérez-Calpena A , Gómez-Alvarez P , Martínez-Delgado I , Hermosa-Muñoz L 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
We present our analysis of high-resolution (R ∼ 20 000) GTC/MEGARA integral-field unit spectroscopic observations, obtained during the commissioning run, in the inner region (12.5 arcsec × 11.3 arcsec) of the active galaxy NGC 7469, at spatial scales of 0.62 arcsec. We explore the kinematics, dynamics, ionization mechanisms, and oxygen abundances of the ionized gas, by modelling the H α-[N ii] emission lines at high signal-to-noise (&gt; 15) with multiple Gaussian components. MEGARA observations reveal, for the first time for NGC 7469, the presence of a very thin (20 pc) ionized gas disc supported by rotation (V/σ = 4.3), embedded in a thicker (222 pc), dynamically hotter (V/σ  =  1.3) one. These discs nearly corotate with similar peak-to-peak velocities (163  versus  137 km s−1), but with different average velocity dispersion (38 ± 1 versus 108 ± 4 km s−1). The kinematics of both discs could be possibly perturbed by star-forming regions. We interpret the morphology and the kinematics of a third (broader) component (σ &gt; 250 km s−1) as suggestive of the presence of non-rotational turbulent motions possibly associated either to an outflow or to the lense. For the narrow component, the [N ii]/H α ratios point to the star-formation as the dominant mechanism of ionization, being consistent with ionization from shocks in the case of the intermediate component. All components have roughly solar metallicity. In the nuclear region of NGC 7469, at r ≤ 1.85 arcsec, a very broad (FWHM  =  2590 km s−1) H α component is contributing (41 per cent) to the global H α-[N ii] profile, being originated in the (unresolved) broad line region of the Seyfert 1.5 nucleus of NGC 7469.
High-School Students Rarely Use E-Cigarettes Alone: A Sociodemographic Analysis of Polysubstance Use Among Adolescents in the United States
Authors: Gilbert Paul A , Kava Christine M , Afifi Rima 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Most adolescents reporting e-cigarette use have also used combustible tobacco; however, the extent to which they use other substances is less clear. This study assessed e-cigarette use with tobacco, alcohol, or cannabis and quantified the risk of polysubstance use among adolescents overall and by sociodemographic characteristics.

Aims and Methods
Using 2017 Youth Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from adolescents (grades 9–12) with complete substance use information (n = 11 244), we examined e-cigarette poly-use status (none [referent], e-cigarettes only, or e-cigarettes + other substances). We estimated the prevalence of substance use and modeled odds of e-cigarette use, alone or with other substances, by several sociodemographic characteristics. Analyses were completed in Stata version 15.1 using survey procedures to account for the complex survey design.

Results
Approximately 12% of adolescents reported past 30-day e-cigarette use. Almost all (93%) e-cigarette users also reported other substance use; alcohol appeared most frequently in combinations. Odds of e-cigarette single use and e-cigarette poly-use (vs. no use) were higher for males and adolescents with lower grades (odds ratios [ORs] = 1.44–2.31). Racial/ethnic minorities had lower odds of e-cigarette poly-use than White peers (ORs = 0.18–0.61), and bisexual (vs. straight) adolescents were more likely to be e-cigarette poly-users (OR = 1.62). E-cigarette use increased from 9th grade (7%) to 12th grade (16%).

Conclusions
Polysubstance use is highly prevalent among adolescents who use e-cigarettes. Therefore, e-cigarette screening should include the assessment of other substances, especially alcohol. Early and comprehensive prevention efforts to reduce e-cigarette and other substance use could have a substantial beneficial impact on population health over time.

Implications
This study extends knowledge about e-cigarette use among adolescents by exploring its use with alcohol, cannabis, and other tobacco products. We found that e-cigarettes were very rarely used alone, and our analysis identified several sociodemographic factors associated with greater odds of e-cigarette polysubstance use. In response, we recommend that prevention interventions address multiple substances concurrently, screen repeatedly to detect new initiation as age increases, focus on e-cigarette use as a less stigmatized entry point to discussions of substance use, and target priority population subgroups.
Miocene Olivine Leucitites in the Hoh Xil Basin, Northern Tibet: Implications for Intracontinental Lithosphere Melting and Surface Uplift of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Qi Yue , Wang Qiang , Zhu Ying-Tang , Shi Lian-Chang , Yang Ya-Nan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The generation of Miocene–Pliocene post-collisional magmatic rocks in northern Tibet was coeval with surface uplift, meaning that understanding the petrogenesis of these rocks should provide clues to the mechanism of uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. However, the nature of the source(s) of Miocene–Pliocene post-collisional rocks is unresolved, especially for potassic–ultrapotassic rocks. This study focuses on 16 Ma olivine leucitites in the Hoh Xil Basin of northern Tibet, which display the lowest SiO2 (43·4–48·8 wt%) contents of all Miocene–Pliocene magmatic rocks in northern Tibet and have high MgO (4·85–8·57 wt%) contents and high K2O/Na2O (&gt;1) ratios. Whole-rock geochemical compositions suggest that the olivine leucitites did not undergo significant fractional crystallization or crustal assimilation. All samples are enriched in large ion lithophile elements relative to high field strength elements, and they exhibit uniform whole-rock Sr–Nd isotope [(87Sr/86Sr)i = 0·7071–0·7077 and εNd(t) = −3·1 to −3·9] and olivine O isotope (5·8–6·6 ‰, mean of 6·2 ± 0·2 ‰, n = 21) compositions. We propose that the olivine leucitites were derived by low-degree partial melting of phlogopite-lherzolite in garnet-facies lithospheric mantle. Given the tectonic evolution of the Hoh Xil Basin and adjacent areas, we suggest that southward subduction of Asian (Qaidam block) lithosphere after India–Asia collision transferred potassium and other incompatible elements into the lithospheric mantle, forming the K-enriched mantle source of the Miocene–Pliocene potassic–ultrapotassic rocks. Removal of lower lithospheric mantle subsequently induced voluminous Miocene–Pliocene magmatism and generated &gt;1 km surface uplift in the Hoh Xil Basin.
GATE MODELING OF LATERAL SCATTERING OF PROTON PENCIL BEAMS
Authors: Zarifi Shiva , Ahangari Hadi Taleshi , Jia Sayyed Bijan , Tajik-Mansoury Mohammad Ali , Najafzadeh Milad 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
To validate the GATE Monte Carlo simulation code and to investigate the lateral scattering of proton pencil beams in the major body tissue elements in the therapeutic energy range. In this study, GATE Monte Carlo simulation code was used to compute absorbed dose and fluence of protons in a water cubic phantom for the clinical energy range. To apply the suitable physics model for simulation, different physics lists were investigated. The present research also investigated the optimal value of the water ionization potential as a simulation parameter. Thereafter, the lateral beam profile of proton pencil beams were simulated at different energies and depths in body tissue elements. The range results obtained using the QGSP_BIC_EMY physics showed the best compatibility with the NIST database data. Moreover, it was found that the 76 eV is the optimal value for the water ionization potential. In the next step, it was shown that the beam halo can be described by adding a supplementary Gaussian function to the standard single-Gaussian model, which currently is used by treatment planning systems (TPS).
Secondary Analysis of Pain Outcomes in a Large Pragmatic Randomized Trial of Buprenorphine/Naloxone Versus Methadone for Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Shulman Matisyahu , Luo Sean X. , Campbell Aimee N. C. , Scodes Jennifer , Pavlicova Martina , Broffman Andi , Saxon Andrew J. , Nunes Edward V. 
Published: February 2020

Objective:
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is associated with chronic pain. We investigated the association between medication treatments for OUD and pain in a post-hoc secondary analysis of a randomized trial of methadone versus buprenorphine/naloxone.

Methods:
1241 individuals with OUD participated in an open label, pragmatic randomized trial of methadone versus buprenorphine/naloxone in nine treatment programs licensed to dispense agonist medication for OUD between 2006 to 2009. In this post-hoc analysis, pain was dichotomized (present or not present) using responses from the Short Form-36. Logistic regression models were fit to test the effect of (1) having baseline pain on week 24 retention, (2) treatment assignment on improvement in pain among those reporting pain at baseline, and (3) pain improvement at week 4 on week 24 retention among those reporting pain at baseline.

Results:
Almost half (48.2%) of the sample reported pain at baseline. Participants with baseline pain did not significantly differ in week 24 retention compared to those without baseline pain. Among those reporting pain at baseline, there was no significant difference between treatment arms in improvement of pain at week 4, but improvement in pain at week 4 was associated with significantly greater odds of being retained at week 24 (OR [95% CI] = 1.76 [1.10, 2.82], P = 0.020).

Conclusion and Relevance:
In this large multisite randomized trial of medication treatments for OUD, nearly half of the participants reported pain at baseline, and improvement in pain early in treatment was associated with increased likelihood of retention in treatment.