bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Logistische Materialvorhaltung der Polytraumaversorgung im Schockraum aus unfallchirurgischer Sicht unter Berücksichtigung des Status der Klinik: Überregionales Traumazentrum AKH Celle (Schwerpunktversorger)
Authors: Yahya Abd Elgani Haj , Culemann Ulf 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Versorgung eines Polytrauma im Schockraum ist ein komplexes Zusammenspiel aus Vorhaltung (Personal, Material, Aus- und Fortbildung) und Teamarbeit bei Eintreten der Behandlungssituation, die nur bei ausreichender Ressourcenbereitstellung und einer exakt geplanten logistischen Materialvorhaltung im Schockraum und Notfall-OP erfolgreich funktionieren kann. Entscheidend ist, dass das Team einerseits den Ablauf der Versorgung gut trainiert hat und andererseits auch einen aktuellen Kenntnisstand der räumlichen Anordnung, der Funktionsabläufe und der vorhandenen Materialien hat. Hier gilt insbesondere, dass bereits vor Eintritt des Ernstfalls strukturiert wird, „was wer wo“ findet. Hierfür spielt ein vorkonfektioniertes Schrankmodulsystem mit FIFO-Prinzip (first in – first out) eine wesentliche Rolle. Nach Beendigung der Behandlung des schwerverletzten Patienten ist es ebenso wichtig, dass die genutzten, wiederverwendbaren Instrumente (z. B. Beckenzwinge) gereinigt, desinfiziert und sterilisiert werden. Verbrauchte Materialien müssen konsequenterweise umgehend ersetzt und aufgefüllt werden. Die notwendige Lagerhaltung und Nachbestellung von Verbrauchsmaterialien bzw. Medikamenten wird durch das Schrankmodulsystem organisiert. Bei Einhaltung der FIFO-Regel werden die Materialien zeitnah verbraucht und das Einhalten der Mindesthaltbarkeitsfristen ebenfalls sichergestellt. Somit ist eine vollständige Materialvorhaltung und -nutzung gewährleistet. Die genannten Maßnahmen werden sowohl direkt durch das Pflegepersonal der Zentralen Notaufnahme als auch durch OP- und Anästhesiepflege, den Mitarbeitern der Radiologie als auch den Mitarbeitern der Zentralsterilisation (ZSVA) umgesetzt. Den Mitarbeitern des Qualitätsmanagements und hygienebeauftragten Ärzten und Pflegekräften obliegt dabei die regelmäßige Kontrolle und Auditierung der teils zertifizierten Prozesse. Die Administration der Klinik mit den Abteilungen Einkauf, Logistik und EDV spielen hierfür eine ebenso wichtige Rolle, um einerseits eine ausreichende und pünktliche Ressourcenbereitstellung und andererseits auch eine wirtschaftliche Arbeit der Klinik zu gewährleisten, denn z. B. durch eine Min-Max-Lagerhaltung werden auch Kosten entsprechend kontrollierbar. Zu guter Letzt sind auch die zuverlässig zuliefernden Firmen für die genannten Bereiche für die 24-h-Bereitschaft einer unfallchirurgischen Klinik essenziell und somit auch für die Schwerverletztenversorgung wichtig.
Antiviral Activity of a Arisaema Tortuosum Leaf Extract and Some of its Constituents against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2
Authors: Rittà Massimo , Marengo Arianna , Civra Andrea , Lembo David , Cagliero Cecilia , Kant Kamal , Lal Uma Ranjan , Rubiolo Patrizia , Ghosh Manik , Donalisio Manuela 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInfections caused by HSV-2 are a public health concern worldwide, and there is still a great demand for the discovery of novel anti-herpes virus agents effective against strains resistant to current antiviral agents. In this context, medicinal plants represent an alternative source of active compounds for developing efficient antiviral therapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiviral activity of Arisaema tortuosum, a plant used in the traditional medicine of India. A chloroform soluble fraction of the leaves exhibited anti-HSV-2 activity with a selectivity index of 758. The extract was also active against acyclovir-resistant HSV-2 and HSV-1. The mechanism of action of the extract was investigated evidencing inhibition of both early and late events of the HSV-2 replicative cycle. A HPLC-PDA-MS/MS analysis showed the presence of flavonoids including apigenin and luteolin in the chloroform extract (CE). Apigenin and luteolin showed a high inhibitory activity with EC50 values of 0.05 and 0.41 µg/mL, respectively. Both compounds exhibited antiviral activity when added up to 6 h post infection and were able to reduce the viral progeny production. In addition, apigenin interfered with cell-to-cell virus spread.
Application Programming Interfaces in Health Care: Findings from a Current-State Sociotechnical Assessment
Authors: Dullabh Prashila , Hovey Lauren , Heaney-Huls Krysta , Rajendran Nithya , Wright Adam , Sittig Dean F. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective Interest in application programming interfaces (APIs) is increasing as key stakeholders look for technical solutions to interoperability challenges. We explored three thematic areas to assess the current state of API use for data access and exchange in health care: (1) API use cases and standards; (2) challenges and facilitators for read and write capabilities; and (3) outlook for development of write capabilities.
Methods We employed four methods: (1) literature review; (2) expert interviews with 13 API stakeholders; (3) review of electronic health record (EHR) app galleries; and (4) a technical expert panel. We used an eight-dimension sociotechnical model to organize our findings.
Results The API ecosystem is complicated and cuts across five of the eight sociotechnical model dimensions: (1) app marketplaces support a range of use cases, the majority of which target providers' needs, with far fewer supporting patient access to data; (2) current focus on read APIs with limited use of write APIs; (3) where standards are used, they are largely Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR); (4) FHIR-based APIs support exchange of electronic health information within the common clinical data set; and (5) validating external data and data sources for clinical decision making creates challenges to provider workflows.
Conclusion While the use of APIs in health care is increasing rapidly, it is still in the pilot stages. We identified five key issues with implications for the continued advancement of API use: (1) a robust normative FHIR standard; (2) expansion of the common clinical data set to other data elements; (3) enhanced support for write implementation; (4) data provenance rules; and (5) data governance rules. Thus, while APIs are being touted as a solution to interoperability challenges, they remain an emerging technology that is only one piece of a multipronged approach to data access and use.
Abnormal Division of Axillary Artery - A Case Report
Authors: Rao N Ratnakar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA case of the abnormal branching of the right Axillary artery in a 60 year old male cadaver is presented here. The axillary artery divided into two trunks, a lateral and medial from the second part only in this case. The lateral branch was superficial running between two roots of median nerve, which here is referred to as superficial branch. The other was a medial trunk, running deep to median nerve on the medial, hence it is referred as deep brachial artery. The superficial branch had a similar course as radial artery coursing on the lateral side of cubital fossa, fore arm, anatomical snuff box and hand, hence it was considered as equivalent to radial artery. The deep brachial artery gave rise to anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries and the superior ulnar collateral artery. This variation is rare and the incidence quoted as around 0.12 - 3.2% in the available literature. The normal and abnormal anatomy of the axillary artery is having practical importance for the radiologists during angiography and surgeons for accurate diagnostic interpretation.
Physical growth during adolescence in mentally retarded children
Authors: Baidwan Sukhinder , Paul Molly M , Chhatwal Jugesh , Deswal R S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background and aims : Growth in children with mental retardation differs from that of normal children, but majority of studies have been performed in western countries and have focused on the early years of life. The purpose of this study therefore was to evaluate the growth pattern of male mentally retarded adolescents from North India and compare it with that of normal male children. Materials and methods : Two hundred institutionalized intellectually disabled (I.Q. less than 70) and two hundred normal male children between 10-20 years of age from North India were selected and the physical growth parameters i.e. height and weight were measured and Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated in all subjects. The mentally retarded and normal groups of boys were categorized separately on the basis of their age into one-year age groups. The data was then compared between the two groups using 2 sample't' test. Results : The results indicated that the mean height and weight of mentally retarded boys during adolescence was significantly retarded as compared to normal subjects. However, the intellectually disabled and the normal group do not show any significant difference in their body fat during adolescence. The mean height and weight gain of mentally retarded children during adolescence (11-20 years) however did not vary from that of normal children. Conclusions : Thus, the physical growth retardation in children with intellectual disabilities occurs during early childhood i.e. before 11 years of age.
A study of renal and gonadal vein variations
Authors: Phalgunan Vijisha , Mugunthan N , Rani Devi Jansi , Anbalagan J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background and aims : The development of the renal veins is a complex process with many possible alternative patterns of formation. Variations of renal veins are usually clinically silent until discovered during venography, operation or autopsy. In the era of renal transplantation, a meticulous knowledge of anatomy and variational patterns of renal vein is mandatory. The present study is aimed at finding out the incidence of variations in the drainage pattern of renal vein and gonadal vein and to correlate its clinical and embryological significance. Materials and methods : Twenty cadavers (twelve males and eight females) of adult age procured from Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry were included in the study. Renal and gonadal veins on both sides were dissected and the pattern of termination of the renal and gonadal veins were observed and studied on both sides. Results : Out of twenty cadavers, two male cadavers showed the presence of termination of right testicular vein into right renal vein and both right kidneys showed multiple right renal veins. In the remaining 18 cadavers both renal and gonadal veins terminated in normal pattern. Conclusion: In present study 10% incidence of variation of right testicular vein draining into right renal vein was found, with the associated presence of multiple renal veins. The knowledge of these variations would be of definite help to renal transplant surgeons and clinicians.
Multiple unilateral accessory mandibular foramina-a case report
Authors: Mahajan Anupama ,   Seema
Published: January 2020

AbstractAccessory foramina in the mandible are known to transmit branches of nerves supplying the roots of the teeth. The mandibular foramen is present on the inner surface of the ramus of the mandible which transmits the inferior alveolar nerve. An adult human mandible of unknown sex was found to have multiple mandibular foramina on the medial surface of right ramus. A large accessory mandibular foramen was present anterosuperior to the main mandibular foramen. The dimensions were 6 mm antero posteriorly and 11mm vertically. The dimensions of the mandibular foramen were 9 mm antero posteriorly and 12mm vertically. The distance between two foramina was 20 mm and between the accessory mandibular foramen and apex of lingula was 7 mm. The distance between the posterior border of the accessory mandibular foramen and posterior border of ramus were 15 mm. The accessory mandibular foramen led into a canal which was directed obliquely and joined the mandibular canal at the level of third molar tooth. Two more small mandibular foramina were present one just below the accessory mandibular foramen discussed above and second near the main mandibular foramen. Both of them were of too small size to measure. The accessory mandibular foramen is a rare variation and awareness of its incidence and its position is necessary. The structures passing through it can be compromised during surgical procedures of this area.
Determinants of Serum- and Plasma Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Concentrations in a Healthy Study Group
Authors: Daum Günter , Winkler Martin , Moritz Eileen , Müller Tina , Geffken Maria , von Lucadou Mirjam , Haddad Munif , Peine Sven , Böger Rainer H. , Larena-Avellaneda Axel , Debus Eike Sebastian , Gräler Markus , Schwedhelm Edzard 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Introduction To correctly interpret plasma- or serum-sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) concentrations measured in clinical studies it is critical to understand all major determinants in healthy controls.
Methods Serum- and plasma-S1P from 174 healthy blood donors was measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and correlated to clinical laboratory data. Selected plasma samples, 10 with high and 10 with low S1P concentrations, were fractionated into very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-, low density lipoprotein (LDL)-, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-, and lipoprotein-free fractions. S1P was then measured in each fraction to determine its distribution.
Results The mean S1P concentration in serum (1.04 ± 0.24 nmol/mL) was found 39% higher compared with plasma (0.75 ± 0.16 nmol/mL) and overall was not different between men and women. Only when stratified for age and gender, older women were found to exhibit higher circulatory S1P levels than men. In plasma, S1P levels correlate to red blood cell (RBC) counts but not to platelet counts. Conversely, serum-S1P correlates to platelet counts but not to RBC counts. In addition, eosinophil counts are strongly associated with serum-S1P concentrations. Both serum- and plasma-S1P correlate to total cholesterol but not to HDL-C. The distribution of S1P between VLDL-, LDL-, HDL-, and lipoprotein-free fractions is independent of total plasma-S1P concentrations. S1P concentrations in HDL but not in LDL are highly variable.
Conclusion These data indicate S1P concentrations in plasma and serum to be differentially associated with cell counts and S1P carrier proteins. Besides platelets, eosinophil counts are identified as a novel determinant for serum-S1P concentrations further suggesting a role for S1P in eosinophil pathologies.
Effects of Rivaroxaban on Biomarkers of Coagulation and Inflammation: A Post Hoc Analysis of the X-VeRT Trial
Authors: Kirchhof Paulus , Ezekowitz Michael D. , Purmah Yanish , Schiffer Sonja , Meng Isabelle L. , Camm A. John , Hohnloser Stefan H. , Schulz Anke , Wosnitza Melanie , Cappato Riccardo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Introduction This X-VeRT (eXplore the efficacy and safety of once-daily oral riVaroxaban for the prevention of caRdiovascular events in patients with nonvalvular aTrial fibrillation scheduled for cardioversion) substudy evaluated the effects of treatment with rivaroxaban or a vitamin-K antagonist (VKA) on levels of biomarkers of coagulation (D-dimer, thrombin–antithrombin III complex [TAT] and prothrombin fragment [F1.2]) and inflammation (high sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP] and high-sensitivity interleukin-6 [hs-IL-6]) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who were scheduled for cardioversion and had not received adequate anticoagulation at baseline (defined as, in the 21 days before randomization: no oral anticoagulant; international normalized ratio <2.0 with VKA treatment; or <80% compliance with non-VKA oral anticoagulant treatment).
Methods Samples for biomarker analysis were taken at baseline (n = 958) and treatment completion (42 days after cardioversion; n = 918). The influence of clinical characteristics on baseline biomarker levels and the effect of treatment on changes in biomarker levels were evaluated using linear and logistic models.
Results Baseline levels of some biomarkers were significantly associated with type of AF (D-dimer and hs-IL-6) and with history of congestive heart failure (hs-CRP, D-dimer, and hs-IL-6). Rivaroxaban and VKA treatments were associated with reductions from baseline in levels of D-dimer (−32.3 and −37.6%, respectively), TAT (−28.0 and −23.1%, respectively), hs-CRP (−12.5 and −17.9%, respectively), and hs-IL-6 (−9.2 and −9.8%, respectively). F1.2 levels were reduced from baseline in patients receiving a VKA (−53.0%) but not in those receiving rivaroxaban (2.7%).
Conclusion Anticoagulation with rivaroxaban reduced levels of key inflammation and coagulation biomarkers to a similar extent as VKAs, with the exception of F1.2. Further investigation to confirm the value of these biomarkers in patients with AF is merited.
Clause constituents, arguments and the question of grammatical relations in Auslan (Australian Sign Language)
Authors: Johnston Trevor Alexander 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study investigates clause constructions in Auslan. It looks at the alignment of constituent semantic role with constituent position and order in clauses, changes in the morphology of signs according to position and/or role, and the interpretation of omitted arguments. The aim is to determine if there are grammatical relations in Auslan. The most frequent constituent order parallels English, thus Auslan might be said to also instantiate a basic SVO word order. However, every possible constituent order pattern is also attested without there being other coding and behavioural properties associated with grammatical relations that could explain this flexibility. I conclude that constituent order in Auslan is the result of the interaction of pragmatic and semantic factors, visual representation, and language contact with English, rather than autochthonous grammatical relations. Auslan grammar draws on both so-called gestural and so-called linguistic resources at the clause level, not just at the word (sign) level.
The grammar of ‘non-realization’
Authors: Kuteva Tania , Aarts Bas , Popova Gergana , Abbi Anvita 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOn the basis of cross-linguistic data from both genetically and geographically related and unrelated languages, in this article we argue that the linguistic phenomena usually referred to as the avertive, the frustrative and the apprehensional belong not to three but to five – semantically related, and yet distinct grammatical categories, all of which involve different degrees of non-realization of the verb situation in the area of Tense-Aspect-Mood: apprehensional, avertive, frustrated initiation, frustrated completion, inconsequential. Our major goal here is to account for these grammatical categories in terms of an adequate model of linguistic categorization. For this purpose, we apply the notion of Intersective Gradience (introduced for the first time in the morphosyntactic domain in Aarts (2004,2007) to the morphosemantic domain. Thus the present approach reconciles two major approaches to linguistic categorization: (i) the classical, Aristotelian approach and (ii) a more recent, gradience/fuzziness approach.
Agent demotion through inverted word order
Authors: Barlow Russell 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Passivization has been characterized as a strictly morphological phenomenon. Some definitions of passivization even require the passive construction to exhibit special verbal morphology. Increasingly, however, there have been descriptions of languages that have “morphology-free” passive constructions. This paper presents data from Ulwa, a Papuan language of the Sepik region of Papua New Guinea, which forms its passive constructions through a syntactic operation. Specifically, passives are formed through the inversion of subject and predicate. Whereas the canonical transitive active sentence in Ulwa has the basic constituent order SOV, the corresponding passive sentence has the order VS, where the S of the passive corresponds to the O of the active. Agent arguments are optional; when they do appear in passive constructions, they are marked as obliques. The Ulwa data support claims that it is possible for passivization to be a syntactic phenomenon that operates on the level of the clause.
Coarse grained models of graphene and graphene oxide for use in aqueous solution
Authors: Williams Christopher D , Lísal Martin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Obtaining stable aqueous dispersions of graphene-based materials is a major obstacle in the development and widespread use of graphene in nanotechnology. The efficacy of atomistic simulations in obtaining a molecular-level insight into aggregation and exfoliation of graphene/graphene oxide (GO) is hindered by length and time scale limitations. In this work, we developed coarse-grained (CG) models of graphene/GO sheets, compatible with the polarizable Martini water model, using molecular dynamics, iterative Boltzmann inversion and umbrella sampling simulations. The new CG models accurately reproduce graphene/GO–water radial distribution functions and sheet–sheet aggregation free energies for small graphene (−316 kJ mol−1) and GO (−108 kJ mol−1) reference sheets. Deprotonation of carboxylic acid functionalities stabilize the exfoliated state by electrostatic repulsion, providing they are present at sufficiently high surface concentration. The simulations also highlight the pivotal role played by entropy in controlling the propensity for aggregation or exfoliation. The CG models improve the computational efficiency of simulations by an order of magnitude and the framework presented is transferrable to sheets of different sizes and oxygen contents. They can now be used to provide fundamental physical insights into the stability of dispersions and controlled self-assembly, underpinning the computational design of graphene-containing nanomaterials.
Foaming of friction stir processed Al/MgCO3 precursor via flame heating
Authors: Shandley Rohit , Maheshwari Sachin , Siddiquee Arshad Noor , Mohammed S M A K , Chen Daolun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In the recent years, metal foams have become promising candidate materials in the engineering sector owing to their light weight and excellent energy absorption properties. Friction stir processing (FSP) has emerged as a cost-effective route to fabricate metal foam precursors from bulk substrates. Although the short processing time in FSP is able to provide high productivity, the cost of the foaming agent, TiH2 in the case of aluminum foams is still high. This paper introduces flame heating to achieve localized foaming of aluminum alloy AA5754 to explore the possibility of using magnesium carbonate as a foaming agent stirred using multi-pass FSP. A specially designed slot based strategy using two plates arranged in lap configuration is devised to stir the foaming agent and understand the material movement after each subsequent pass. Microscopy techniques were carried out to evaluate the distribution of the foaming agent after each pass and the resulting microstructure of the processed plates as well as the morphology of the foamed sample. EDX results showed higher Mg and O content around the pore walls.