bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation, Identification and In Silico Study of Native Cellulase Producing Bacteria
Authors: Kargar Farzane , Mortazavi Mojtaba , Maleki Mahmood , Mahani Masoud Torkzadeh , Ghasemi Younes , Savardashtaki Amir 
Published: November 2019

Aims:
The purpose of this study was to screen the bacteria producing cellulase enzymes and
their bioinformatics studies.

Background:
Cellulose is a long-chain polymer of glucose that hydrolyzes by cellulases to glucose
molecules. In order to design the new biotechnological applications, some strategies have been used as
increasing the efficiency of enzyme production, generating cost-effective enzymes, producing stable
enzymes and identification of new strains.

Objective:
On the other hand, some bacteria special features have made them suitable candidates for the
identification of the new source of enzymes. In this regard, some native strains of bacteria were screened.

Methods:
These bacteria were grown on a culture containing the liquid M9 media containing CMC to
ensure the synthesis of cellulase. The formation of a clear area in the culture medium indicated decomposition
of cellulose. In the following, the DNA of these bacteria were extracted and their 16S rDNA
genes were amplified.

Result:
The results show that nine samples were able to synthesize cellulase. In following, these strains
were identified using 16S rDNA. The results show that these screened bacteria belonged to the Bacillus
sp., Alcaligenes sp., Alcaligenes sp., and Enterobacter sp.

Conclusion:
The enzyme activity analysis shows that the Bacillus toyonensis, Bacillus sp. strain
XA15-411 Bacillus cereus have produced the maximum yield of cellulases. However, these amounts
of enzyme production in these samples are not proportional to their growth rate. As the bacterial
growth chart within 4 consecutive days shows that the Alcaligenes sp. Bacillus cereus, Bacillus
toyonensis, Bacillus sp. strain XA15-411 have a maximum growth rate. The study of the phylogenetic
tree also shows that Bacillus species are more abundant in the production of cellulase enzyme. These
bioinformatics analyses show that the Bacillus species have different evolutionary relationships and
evolved in different evolutionary time. However, for maximum cellulase production by this bacteria,
some information as optimum temperature, optimum pH, carbon and nitrogen sources are needed for
the ideal formulation of media composition. The cellulase production is closely controlled in microorganisms
and the cellulase yields appear to depend on a variety of factors. However, the further studies
are needed for cloning, purification and application of these new microbial cellulases in the different
commercial fields as in food, detergent, and pharmaceutical, paper, textile industries and also various
chemical industries. However, these novel enzymes can be further engineered through rational design
or using random mutagenesis techniques.
Inter-band Transition in Citrate Capped Marks Dodecahedral Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Aich Debasish , Samanta Pijus Kanti , Saha Satyajit , Kamilya Tapanendu 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Optical properties of citrate capped dodecahedral gold nanoparticles have
immense applications in a large variety of fields. The interband transition has a role in determining
the optical behaviour of gold nanoparticles. Interband transition in citrate capped colloidal gold nanoparticles
in the size range above ~5 nm has been left unattended for a long time.

Objective:
The present work is aimed at studying interband transition in citrate capped colloidal gold
nanoparticles of size between ~5 nm and several tens of nanometres.

Methods:
Turkevich method and modified Brust method were used to prepare citrate capped colloidal
gold nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy was used to determine their size and shape
and their formation was explained with simulated figure obtained by Gnuplot programming. Interband
transition was studied with the help of UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy.

Results:
Dodecahedral citrate capped colloidal gold nanoparticles of mean diameters 31.5 nm, 12.87
nm and 4.69 nm with LSPR peak positions at 528 nm, 524 nm and 509 nm were prepared. The interband
peak of nanoparticles of all three sizes was found to be located at about 260 nm.

Conclusion:
Interband transition between Fermi level and 5d bands of the larger density of states in
citrate capped dodecahedral colloidal gold nanoparticles of size above ~5nm leads to absorbance
peak at ~260 nm, indicating a gap of ~4.77 eV between the Fermi level and closely spaced 5d bands.
For smaller nanoparticles, absorption due to interband transition becomes more prominent relative to
surface plasmon resonance absorption.
Comparative Analysis of Load Balancing Algorithms for Cloud Computing in IoT
Authors: Bala Mohammad Irfan , Chishti Mohammad Ahsan 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Cloud computing is a widely adopted computing paradigm and its
importance has increased multi-folds in the recent past due to the inception of Internet of Things
(IoT).

Objectives:
Efficient load balancing techniques are required to optimize the use of the cloud
resources although load balancing in cloud is known to be a NP-hard problem.

Methods:
This work focuses on multiple load balancing algorithms whose performance has been
analysed and compared under varying load conditions.

Results:
Comparative analysis of 5 algorithms is given, among which max-min algorithm is found
to be the best performing algorithm with approximately 28% better job finish time and 23%
higher throughput than the worst performing algorithm (FCFS).

Conclusion:
Simulations have been performed in CloudSim under varying input loads and the
performance has been analysed under multiple scenarios. All the simulations have pointed
towards the superiority of Max-min algorithm over other algorithms. This work will prompt the
researchers to further investigate into load balancing algorithms so that better results are achieved.
Evaluación productiva y análisis costo-beneficio de cerdas alimentadas con una dieta adicionada con nopal (Opuntia ficus-indica) durante la lactancia
Authors: Ordaz-Ochoa Gerardo , Juárez-Caratachea Aureliano , Portillo-Martínez Liberato , Pérez-Sánchez Rosa Elena , Ortiz-Rodríguez Ruy 
Published: November 2019

El objetivo fue determinar la productividad, costos de producción y costo-beneficio de dos esquemas de alimentación (EA) para cerdas lactantes: 1) alimentación convencional (EAC) y, 2) alimentación convencional más nopal (EAN). Se evaluaron 116 partos de cerdas hibridas: 58 partos de cerdas sometidas al EAC (n=17 cerdas) y 58 partos de cerdas bajo el EAN (n=17 cerdas). Se evaluó: glucosa sanguínea (GS), consumo de alimento diario (CAd-1), pérdida de peso corporal (PPC), intervalo destete-estro (IDE), porcentaje de servicios repetidos (PSR), días no productivos (DNP) y tamaño de camada subsiguiente (TC). El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante modelos de efectos fijos (MIXED SAS®) y la evaluación económica bajo la metodología del análisis costo-beneficio. Las cerdas sometidas al EAN presentaron mejor (P<0.05) comportamiento en las variables evaluadas: menores niveles de GS preprandial (55.5 ± 2.31 mg dL-1), mayor CAd-1 (5.3 ± 0.17 kg d-1); menor: PPC (6.0 %), IDE (144 h), PSR (12.4 %) y DNP (36.0 días) y mayor TC (11.2 lechones). Ello en comparación con el EAC: GS preprandial, 70.0 ± 2.31 mg dL-1; CAd-1, 4.7 ± 0.17 kg d-1; PPC, 11.7 %; PSR, 17.1 %; DNP, 50.0 días y TC, 9.8 lechones. El costo de producción lechón-1 destetado en el EAN fue de $ 539.02 MXN vs $ 590.81 MXN para el EAC. La ganancia fue de $ 216.68 y $ 168.88 MXN lechón-1 vendido para EAN y EAC, respectivamente. El EAN reduce la GS e incrementa el CAd-1 de las cerdas lactantes, lo que reduce la PPC en dicha fase y genera mayor productividad de las cerdas y mayor eficiencia económica.
Impacto del peso al nacimiento del lechón sobre los balances de nitrógeno y energía en la fase de crecimiento
Authors: Vázquez-Mandujano Enrique , Reis-de-Souza Tércia Cesária , Ramírez-Rodríguez Ericka , Mariscal-Landín Gerardo 
Published: November 2019

Para determinar el efecto del peso al nacimiento sobre los balances de nitrógeno (N) y energía (E) en cerdos en crecimiento se realizaron balances de N y E a cinco pares de hermanos. Cada par constó de un cerdo de peso bajo al nacimiento (PBN=912 ± 40 g) y un cerdo de peso normal al nacimiento (PNN=1,610 ± 223 g). Los cerdos se manejaron de manera normal hasta los 90 días de edad, cuando se trasladaron a la Unidad Metabólica para realizar los dos estudios de balance: a los 50 kg de peso y a la misma edad (cuando el cerdo PBN pesó 50 kg). Los PNN digirieron más (P<0.05) MS a los 50 kg y a la misma edad (86.9 vs 86.0). La digestibilidad del N tendió (P<0.10) a ser mayor en los PNN a los 50 kg (77.6 vs 76.7) y fue mayor (P<0.05) a la misma edad (78.0 vs 76.7). El N retenido como porcentaje del consumido a la misma edad fue mayor (P<0.01) en los PNN 61.1 % vs 57.7 %; y (P<0.10) en el N retenido como porcentaje del absorbido 78.4 % vs 75.2 %. Se observó una mayor (P<0.05) digestibilidad de la E a los 50 kg en los PNN 85.1 vs 84.1 % y a la misma edad (P<0.01) 85.4 vs 84.1 %. La EM fue mayor a los 50 kg (P<0.05) en los PNN 83.0 vs 82.0 % y a la misma edad (P<0.01) 83.5 vs 82.0 %. Se concluye que los cerdos PBN son menos eficientes que los cerdos PNN.
Association between receipt of social care and multimorbidity: evidence from a population-sized cohort in Scotland
Authors: Henderson David , Atherton Iain , Bailey Nick , McCowan Colin , Mercer Stewart 
Published: November 2019

Multimorbidity, the presence of two or more long-term conditions, is associated with numerous negative outcomes. Little is known, however, about the relationship between multimorbidity and social care use (also known as long-term care). This is important as many developed countries seek to integrate health and social care services as a means of improving quality of services at the same time as making efficiency savings.
The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between receipt of formal social care services, sociodemographic variables, and two proxy measures of multimorbidity.
For this retrospective population-based observational study including all individuals over the age of 65 in Scotland in financial years 2014/15 and 2015/16 (n= 975,265), we linked the Scottish Social Care Survey (which holds information on those receiving social care from local authorities) to administrative NHS community prescribing and demographic records. The main outcome binary measure was presence or not in the social care survey. Two proxy measures of multimorbidity were derived from prescribing data. We used logistic regression models and report Average Marginal Effects (AME).
Fifteen percent of all individuals received formal social care services. After adjustment for other modelled factors, multimorbidity showed an increasing magnitude of effect on receipt of social care (AME 16.4% (95% CI 16.2-16.6%) increased probability for 9+ medicines compared to 0-2 medicines, AME 18.8% (95% CI 18.5-19.1%) increased probability for 6+ BNF chapters compared to 0 BNF chapters). The magnitude of effect of deprivation on social care receipt was lower (AME 5.1% (95% CI 4.8-5.4%) increased probability in the most deprived area decile compared to the most affluent) after adjusting for multimorbidity and other demographic factors.
This is one of the first studies to demonstrate an association between multimorbidity and receipt of social care. Increasing prevalence of multimorbidity has greater societal implications than previously described.
Data resource description: National Cancer Registration Dataset in England
Authors: Henson Katherine , Elliss-Brookes Lucy , Coupland Victoria , Payne Elsita , Vernon Sally , Rous Brian , Rashbass Jem 
Published: November 2019

Background The National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service (NCRAS), in Public Health England (PHE), collects and quality assures clinical information on all cases of cancer that occur in people living in England. The data collected supports the delivery of effective NHS cancer services.
Aim NCRAS aims to curate a clinically rich data resource, which this abstract describes.
Approach The data collected by NCRAS comes from several sources including Multi-Disciplinary Team (MDT) meetings and pathology reports. Data is reviewed by Cancer Registration Officers with the assistance of automated tools for data linkage and de-duplication of identical data sources. The data collected includes: patient identifiers; patient characteristics (e.g. sex, ethnicity); cancer specific fields (e.g. diagnosis date, cancer site, morphology, laterality, stage at diagnosis); cancer treatment fields; death information (e.g. date and cause of death); health care system information (e.g. hospital of diagnosis); and geography at diagnosis (based on patient’s postcode of residence).
Results Data is submitted by 162 healthcare providers, covering over 1,700 MDTs. Population-based official statistics are available for cancers diagnosed since 1971. The data is routinely used to inform and allow evidence-based decisions about NHS service provision and patient care and to longitudinally track cancer incidence rates and survival statistics. In recent years, completeness of specific items such as stage has greatly improved. However, non-death outcomes, such as quality of life assessments and recurrence, are currently difficult to identify.
Conclusion Detailed clinical information on cancer across the patient pathway enables the measurement of the diagnosis, treatment and survival outcome of all patients diagnosed with cancer. This population-based national data resource is critical to support service provision, clinical audit, commissioning, planning of services, public health and epidemiological research; all of which contribute to improved outcomes for people diagnosed with cancer.
Hidden Harms of Hypnotics: a population based record linkage study of psychotropic medication and suicide risk
Authors: Onyeka Ifeoma , Maguire Aideen , O’Reilly Dermot 
Published: November 2019

Background/Main Aim Although psychotropic medication is a known risk factor for suicide, studies investigating the relationship between specific types of psychotropic medication and suicide in adults are scarce.
Methods A cohort of 1,115,647 individuals (18-75years) was identified from Northern Ireland’s 2011 Census records and linked to prescription records and death registrations until 2015. Individual, household and area-based attributes were derived from census records and selected on the basis of known suicide risk. Five categories of psychotropic medication was identified; none, antidepressants, anxiolytics, hypnotics and antipsychotics. Logistic regression was used to model the association between specific types of psychotropic medication (singularly and in combinations) and death by suicide adjusting for sociodemographic and physical health characteristics.
Results About 14% of the cohort (n=153,319) had received ≥2 prescriptions of any psychotropic medication in the five months around Census. Eight hundred and seventy persons (n=870) died by suicide during 2011 to 2015. Suicide was higher in those on psychotropic medication than in those without (0.24% versus 0.05% respectively). In the fully adjusted logistic regression model, association between death by suicide and any psychotropic medication record remained statistically significant (AOR=3.69, 95%CI: 3.13–4.35). However, individuals solely on hypnotics had the highest AOR of those on singular medication (AOR=4.24, 95%CI: 2.96–6.06 compared to AOR=2.22, 95%CI: 1.75–2.82 for those on antidepressant medication only). In terms of medication combinations, hypnotics both with anxiolytics, and in combination with antidepressants and anxiolytics were the strongest predictors of death by suicide (AOR=8.76, 95%CI: 5.93–12.94 and AOR=8.53, 95%CI: 5.62–12.94 respectively).
Conclusion Risk of death by suicide varied by medication type with hypnotic medications making an important contribution to death by suicide. Although previous work has focused on antidepressant therapy and suicide risk, those on hypnotic medication are an at-risk group that warrant further attention.
Mortality of Canadian military personnel over 40 years
Authors: Rolland-Harris Elizabeth , Weeks Murray , Simkus Kristen , Vantil Linda 
Published: November 2019

Background Military personnel may be exposed to hazardous substances or environments, making health surveillance critical. However, surveillance is frequently handicapped by long lag times between exposure(s) and outcomes, which often manifest post-military release and are often not recorded.
Aims To describe the burden of mortality in still serving and released Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) personnel.
MethodsThe Canadian Forces Cancer and Mortality Study II (CF CAMS II) is an interdepartmental record linkage study using CAF pay data and Statistics Canada cancer and mortality data. The cohort included all Regular Force and class C Reservist men and women who first enrolled in the CAF between 1976 and 2012, inclusive. The anonymized linked data included death data, including cause and location of death. All-cause mortality (ACM) and International Classification of Disease (ICD)-10 chapter-level mortality (CLM) were quantified using standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), with the Canadian general population (CGP) as the reference population.
ResultsApproximately 6870 deaths occurred during over 5 million person-years of observations. For ACM, the CAF risk of death was significantly lower than the CGP for both sexes (females: n = 540, SMR = 0.76 [95% CI 0.69–0.82]; males: n = 6330, SMR = 0.79 [95% CI 0.77–0.81]). In the CLM analysis, SMRs were significantly lower than, or not statistically different from, 1.0 for all ICD chapters.
ConclusionsMilitary service may have a protective effect that may be partly explained by the healthy soldier effect and the stringent selection process at enrolment.
Using data linkage innovation and collaboration to create a cross-sectoral data repository for Western Australia
Authors: Ferrante Anna , Boyd James , Eitelhuber Tom , Randall Sean , Brown Adrian , Maller Max , Botes Davie , Sibma Kurt 
Published: November 2019

Background/rationaleThe Western Australian (WA) government and the Centre for Data Linkage (CDL) at Curtin University are creating a large, de-identified researchable database – the Social Investment Data Resource (SIDR) – to support a key government initiative called Target 120 (T120). T120 delivers targeted early interventions to young offenders and their families to reduce the likelihood of re-offending.
Main AimThe SIDR brings together de-identified data from across government to be used for actuarial assessment and social investment analytics to assess long-term costs and benefits of T120 interventions.
MethodsSIDR adopts a distributed linkage model where linkage workload is shared between the Department of Health Data Linkage Branch who curate WA Data Linkage System (WADLS) and the CDL. Design elements of the model included a common spine (embedded into the infrastructure of both groups), methods for leveraging quality from WADLS, and inclusion of family relationships data from the WA Family Connections database. The linkage model uses a combination of traditional and privacy-preserving record linkage (PPRL) methods. PPRL does not require release of personal identifiers; instead, data is irreversibly hashed prior to release for probabilistic linkage.
The resultant SIDR repository has been designed to be securely and strictly managed. Access is by authorised, approved users only.
ResultsUse of a distributed linkage model, coupled with traditional and PPRL methods, is an innovative yet pragmatic way of delivering data linkage services to a large, cross-sectoral research project. PPRL methods enable inclusion of otherwise excluded datasets in the project. Sharing of workload harnesses linkage capacity and capabilities across the state. The SIDR includes health data, education records, justice, child protection, disability and housing data.
ConclusionSIDR provides a resource for whole-of-government policy development, service evaluation, academic research and social investment analytics for T120 and beyond. The SIDR distributed linkage model has potential for adaptation and use elsewhere.
Predicting neighbourhood-level psychiatric admission rates using multi-level regression with post-stratification-derived estimates of ecological cognitive social capital
Authors: Saville Christopher WN 
Published: November 2019

Background with rationaleEcological cognitive social capital, the aggregated beliefs about community and norms of one’s neighbours, is an important protective factor for mental health. However, the techniques currently used in the literature to estimate it are basic. Multi-level regression with post-stratification (MRP) is a technique for making such small area estimates using survey data, and appears a promising alternative to existing methods.
Main AimTo test the predictive validity of MRP-derived estimates of sense of belonging and generalised trust on psychiatric admission rates across Wales.
MethodsMRP estimates of two questions measuring social capital, trust and belonging, were created for all middle super output areas in Wales using the National Survey for Wales 2016-17. These estimates were then used to predict rates of psychiatric admission in the same areas during 2017. Estimates of the same two variables were also computed using the simple aggregation approach used elsewhere in the literature, and the predictive validity of the two types of estimate were compared
ResultsTrust and belonging were both protective factors, with MRP estimates yielding higher risk ratios (.80 and .77 respectively) than simple aggregation equivalents (.91 and .93).
ConclusionMRP appears to be a useful technique for computing estimates of ecological social capital and other self-report based measures, outperforming techniques currently used in the literature in terms of predictive validity.
Educational outcomes of children in Wales with cerebral palsy
Authors: Jones Hywel , Carter Bethan , Bethel Jackie , Bennett Verity , Rees Sarah , Wang Ting , Collins Huw , Kemp Alison 
Published: November 2019

Background with rationaleIt is recognized that children with disability have special educational needs (SEN). They are likely to have poor school attendance and do not achieve well academically. Many children with a cerebral palsy (CP) have SEN but little is known about their educational provision or outcomes.
Main AimTo investigate the educational experience of children in Wales with CP and describe the type of SEN and SEN provision; school attendance; achievement—teacher assessments at the end of the Foundation Phase and Key Stages 2 and 3 of the National Curriculum (NC)—and in General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) examinations.
Methods/ApproachData from the Pupil Level Annual School Census (PLASC), NC and GCSE results from 2009 to 2016 were linked with routine e-health records of primary and secondary health care data held in SAIL. The health care records were used to identify pupils who, potentially, had a cerebral palsy.
ResultsThe linked data set included around 360,000 pupils per school census of whom 1200–1400 per school census were identified as having a CP, representing a crude prevalence of 0.4%. Adjusted for age, year and sex, there was no significant variation in prevalence by area deprivation. Around 60% of children with a CP have a statement of SEN; over a quarter of CP children are educated in special schools; CP children in mainstream (primary, middle and secondary) schools tended to miss more school sessions (~50% more) than other children and lower percentages achieved the expected levels at Key Stages 2 and 3 and the Level 2 GCSE threshold.
Conclusion/Implications This work demonstrates the utility of record-linkage between health and education data to map, monitor and provide information to parents, carers and policymakers about education outcomes for this group of children to inform planning and service provision.