bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Christian Ethics, Public Debate, and Pluralistic Society
Authors: Nikolajsen Jeppe Bach 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In all its diversity, Lutheran ethics places a pronounced emphasis on the universal aspects of theological ethics. This article argues that due to the increasing pluralization of many societies in recent decades, however, it is becoming more and more relevant to develop the particular aspects of theological ethics in the Lutheran tradition. Holding together both the universal and particular aspects of theological ethics constitutes a position of relevance for a pluralistic societal situation. Such a position enables the Christian church to maintain its distinctiveness and, at the same time, to be engaged in dialogue with other positions. In this way, the church will at once stand for a tradition-determined distinctiveness and be engaged in a tradition-transcending dialogue. Consequently, this position is characterized by both distinctiveness and openness.
The Holy Defense Museum in Tehran, or How to Aestheticize War
Authors: Vanzan Anna 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In September 2013 the Iranian authorities inaugurated the Holy Defense Museum (Muzeh-i Dafa’-i Moqaddas) in the capital Tehran that also hosts a Martyrs’ Museum (Muzeh-i Shuhada) built in the early 1980s and later renovated. The new museum is part of a grandiose project to commemorate the sacrifice of Iranians during the war provoked by the Iraqi regime (1980–1988). The museum encompasses various aspects of the arts (visual, cinematic, photographic, literary, etc.) shaped to remember and celebrate the martyrs of that war. The 1979 Iranian Revolution and the following Iran-Iraq War produced an enormous amount of visual material; works produced during this crucial period that disrupted the balance of power, both regionally and internationally, constitute an important part of Iran’s recent history. Visual materials produced in that period not only constitute a collective graphic memory of those traumatic years, they also revolutionized Iranian aesthetics. The Islamic Republic of Iran (hereafter IRI) establishment has a long experience in molding contemporary art for political purposes and the Holy Defense Museum represents the zenith of this imposing project. In this paper, I present an analytic and descriptive reading of the museum in light of my direct experience visiting the museum, and I explore its role in maintaining the collective memory of the Iran-Iraq conflict, in celebrating the revolution and in aestheticizing war.
Evaluation of risk factors for adverse outcome in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation–supported elderly postcardiotomy patients
Authors: Samalavicius Robertas , Norkiene Ieva , Scupakova Nadezda , Sabliauskas Jurij , Urbonas Karolis , Andrijauskas Povilas , Jankuviene Agne , Puodziukaite Lina , Zorinas Aleksejus , Janusauskas Vilius , Rucinskas Kestutis , Laurusonis Kestutis , Serpytis Pranas 
Published: May 2020

Background: Recently extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is becoming the commonly used mechanical assist device for the treatment of severe cardiogenic shock in postcardiotomy patients. Evaluation of risk factors of negative outcome would be beneficial in decision-making in the elderly patient population. Methods: This was a retrospective single-centre analysis of elderly patients who underwent extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment for refractory cardiogenic shock in a tertiary care centre. Demographic data, comorbidities and perioperative parameters were collected to evaluate their impact on the outcome of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment in this patient group. Logistic regression analysis of the variables was performed to identify factors predicting an adverse outcome. Results: Forty consecutive elderly patients underwent extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment during the study period. The mean age was 76.7 ± 3.8 years, 27 (68%) were male. The mean Survival after Veno–Arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation score before initiating extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support was − 11 ± 6. Intra-aortic counterpulsation was used as the first-line mechanical support in 31 (77%) patients. The mean duration of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support was 172 ± 128 hours. Twenty-four patients (56%) were successfully weaned from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and 8 (20%) survived to hospital discharge. Lactate level before extracorporeal membrane oxygenation initiation was the only predictor of unfavourable outcome in multivariate analysis (p < 0.05). Conclusion: High lactate level before initiation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was the most important prognostic values of an unfavourable outcome.
Extracorporeal life support for phaeochromocytoma-induced cardiogenic shock: a systematic review
Authors: Matteucci Matteo , Kowalewski Mariusz , Fina Dario , Jiritano Federica , Meani Paolo , Raffa Giuseppe M , Aldobayyan Ibrahim , Beghi Cesare , Maessen Jos , Lorusso Roberto 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Phaeochromocytoma is a catecholamine-secreting tumour associated with clinical presentation ranging from paroxysmal hypertension to intractable cardiogenic shock. Extracorporeal life support, in veno-arterial mode, application in refractory acute heart dysfunction is sharply increasing worldwide. However, its clinical utility in phaeochromocytoma-induced cardiogenic shock remains still unclear. Methods: A systematic review of published reports was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Statement. Searches were accomplished on PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar to identify articles describing the use of extracorporeal life support in the setting of phaeochromocytoma-induced cardiogenic shock (PROSPERO: CRD42019125225). Results: Thirty-five reports, including 62 patients supported with extracorporeal life support because of intractable phaeochromocytoma crisis, were included for the analysis. Almost all the subjects underwent peripheral cannulation for extracorporeal life support. The median duration of the mechanical circulatory support was 5 days, and most of the patients recovered normal myocardial function (left ventricular ejection fraction ⩾50%). In-hospital survival was 87%. Phaeochromocytoma was removed surgically during extracorporeal life support in 10 patients (16%), while in the remaining after haemodynamic stabilization and weaning from the mechanical support. Conclusion: Successful management of phaeochromocytoma-induced cardiogenic shock depends on prompt recognition and immediate treatment of shock. In this scenario, extracorporeal life support may play a significant role allowing cardiac and end-organ recovery and giving time for accurate diagnosis and specific treatment.
Presence of Hepatic Steatosis Does Not Increase the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Over Long Follow-Up
Authors: Lim Chong Teik , Goh George Boon Bee , Li Huihua , Lim Tony Kiat-Hon , Leow Wei Qiang , Wan Wei Keat , Azhar Rafay , Chow Wan Cheng , Kumar Rajneesh 
Published: May 2020

Background: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are liver diseases which may lead to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) formation. Both disease entities have been attributed independently to increase risk of HCC development. While concomitant hepatic steatosis in patients with CHB are becoming more frequent in view of increasing NAFLD prevalence, there is no conclusive evidence linking presence of hepatic steatosis and increased HCC risk in patients with CHB infection. This study explores the association of hepatic steatosis among CHB-infected individuals in HCC development. Methods: This is a retrospective study on a cohort of patients with CHB who underwent liver biopsy between January 2000 and December 2014. They were stratified according to presence and severity of histologically proven hepatic steatosis and subsequently followed up to evaluate the association between hepatic steatosis and HCC development. Results: Among 289 patients with a median follow-up of 111.1 months, hepatic steatosis was present in 185 patients (64.0%). In all, 27 patients developed HCC on follow-up and 21 of them had hepatic steatosis. Univariate Cox analysis showed that age (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.042-1.12), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (HR = 4.00, 95% CI = 1.622-9.863), and Ishak score (HR = 1.221, 95% CI = 1.014-1.472) were associated with HCC development, whereas multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated that age and T2DM (HR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.072-6.759) were significant risk factors for development of HCC. Conclusions: Concurrent hepatic steatosis in patients with CHB infection is not a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma formation.
COVID-19 global pandemic planning: Decontamination and reuse processes for N95 respirators
Authors: Perkins Douglas J , Villescas Steven , Wu Terry H , Muller Timothy , Bradfute Steven , Hurwitz Ivy , Cheng Qiuying , Wilcox Hannah , Weiss Myissa , Bartlett Chris , Langsjoen Jens , Seidenberg Phil 
Published: May 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an illness caused by a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease was first identified as a cluster of respiratory illness in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019, and has rapidly spread across the globe to greater than 200 countries. Healthcare providers are at an increased risk for contracting the disease due to occupational exposure and require appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including N95 respirators. The rapid worldwide spread of high numbers of COVID-19 cases has facilitated the need for a substantial supply of PPE that is largely unavailable in many settings, thereby creating critical shortages. Creative solutions for the decontamination and safe reuse of PPE to protect our frontline healthcare personnel are essential. Here, we describe the development of a process that began in late February 2020 for selecting and implementing the use of hydrogen peroxide vapor (HPV) as viable method to reprocess N95 respirators. Since pre-existing HPV decontamination chambers were not available, we optimized the sterilization process in an operating room after experiencing initial challenges in other environments. Details are provided about the prioritization and implementation of processes for collection and storage, pre-processing, HPV decontamination, and post-processing of filtering facepiece respirators. Important lessons learned from this experience include, developing an adequate reserve of PPE for effective reprocessing and distribution, and identifying a suitable location with optimal environmental controls (i.e. operating room). Collectively, information presented here provides a framework for other institutions considering decontamination procedures for N95 respirators. Impact statement There is a critical shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) around the globe. This article describes the safe collection, storage, and decontamination of N95 respirators using hydrogen peroxide vapor (HPV). This article is unique because it describes the HPV process in an operating room, and is therefore, a deployable method for many healthcare settings. Results presented here offer creative solutions to the current PPE shortage.
Aspiration thrombectomy as the first-line treatment of M2 occlusions
Authors: Harsany Jan , Haring Jozef , Hoferica Matus , Mako Miroslav , Janega Pavol , Krastev Georgi , Klepanec Andrej 
Published: May 2020

Purpose The aim of the present study was (i) to evaluate the safety and efficacy of aspiration thrombectomy in patients with M2 occlusions and (ii) to compare outcome of treatment of occlusion of different M2 segments. Materials and methods Between March 2016 and June 2019, 82 patients with acute ischemic stroke and isolated M2 occlusions were treated in cerebrovascular stroke center with aspiration thrombectomy as the first-line treatment. Functional outcomes of patients with different types of M2 occlusions were statistically compared. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the factors associated with good clinical outcome. Results The mean age was 71.9 ± 13.4 years, 47.6% were men. Aspiration thrombectomy alone was utilized in 72.5% of patients, with 27.5% of patients being treated with a combination of aspiration thrombectomy and stent retriever. At the three-month follow-up, there was no statistically significant difference in functional outcome between different types of M2 occlusions (p = 0.662), however in the underpowered analysis because of the small sample size of patients, with good clinical outcome mRS 0–2 in 50% of all treated patients. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was found in 6.1% of patients. Lower age (OR 0.932, 95% CI 0.878–0.988) and lower NIHSS score upon admission (OR 0.893, 95% CI 0.805–0.991) were independent predictors of good clinical outcome. Conclusion Aspiration thrombectomy appeared to be a safe and effective first-line treatment option for patients with M2 occlusion, being the first-line option for almost three-quarters of patients.
Impact of sex-specific target dose in chronic heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Veenis Jesse F , Rocca Hans-Peter Brunner-La , Linssen Gerard C M , Erol-Yilmaz Ayten , Pronk Arjen C B , Engelen Domien J M , van Tooren Rob M , Koornstra-Wortel Hetty J J , de Boer Rudolf A , van der Meer Peter , Hoes Arno W , Brugts Jasper J ,   for the CHECK-HF investigators
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Aims
A recent study suggested that women with heart failure and heart failure reduced ejection fraction might hypothetically need lower doses of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers ( = renin-angiotensin-system inhibitors) and β-blockers than men to achieve the best outcome. We assessed the current medical treatment of heart failure reduced ejection fraction in men and women in a large contemporary cohort and address the hypothetical impact of changing treatment levels in women.

Methods
This analysis is part of a large contemporary quality of heart failure care project which includes 5320 (64%) men and 3003 (36%) women with heart failure reduced ejection fraction. Detailed information on heart failure therapy prescription and dosage were collected.

Results
Women less often received renin-angiotensin-system inhibitors (79% vs 83%, p &lt; 0.01), but more often β-blockers (82% vs 79%, p &lt; 0.01) than men. Differences in guideline-recommended target doses between sexes were relatively small. Implementing a hypothetical sex-specific dosing schedule (at 50% of the current recommended dose in the European Society of Cardiology guidelines in women only) would lead to significantly higher levels of women receiving appropriate dosing (β-blocker 87% vs 54%, p &lt; 0.01; renin-angiotensin-system inhibitor 96% vs 75%, p &lt; 0.01). Most interestingly, the total number of women with &gt;100% of the new hypothetical target dose would be 24% for β-blockers and 52% for renin-angiotensin-system inhibitors, which can be considered as relatively overdosed.

Conclusion
In this large contemporary heart failure registry, there were significant but relatively small differences in drug dose between men and women with heart failure reduced ejection fraction. Implementation of the hypothetical sex-specific target dosing schedule would lead to considerably more women adequately treated. In contrast, we identified a group of women who might have been relatively overdosed with increased risk of side-effects and intolerance.
Multicentric Italian survey on daily practice for autoimmune pancreatitis: Clinical data, diagnosis, treatment, and evolution toward pancreatic insufficiency
Authors: Barresi Luca , Tacelli Matteo , Crinò Stefano Francesco , Attili Fabia , Petrone Maria Chiara , De Nucci Germana , Carrara Silvia , Manfredi Guido , Capurso Gabriele , De Angelis Claudio Giovanni , Crocellà Lucia , Fantin Alberto , Dore Maria Francesca , Garribba Alessandra Tina , Tarantino Ilaria , De Pretis Nicolò , Pagliari Danilo , Rossi Gemma , Manes Gianpiero , Preatoni Paoletta , Barbuscio Ilenia , Tuzzolino Fabio , Traina Mario , Frulloni Luca , Costamagna Guido , Arcidiacono Paolo Giorgio , Buscarini Elisabetta , Pezzilli Raffaele ,   Italian Association of Hospital Gastroenterologists and Endoscopists (AIGO), Italian Association for the Study of the Pancreas (AISP)
Published: May 2020

BackgroundAutoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a rare, and relatively new, form of chronic pancreatitis. The management of AIP can vary considerably among different centres in daily clinical practice.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to present a picture of epidemiological, clinical characteristics, outcomes, and the real‐life practice in terms of management in several academic and non‐academic centres in Italy.MethodsData on the clinical presentation, diagnostic work‐up, treatments, frequency of relapses, and long‐term outcomes were retrospectively collected in a cohort of AIP patients diagnosed at 14 centres in Italy.ResultsOne hundred and six patients were classified as type 1 AIP, 48 as type 2 AIP, and 19 as not otherwise specified. Epidemiological, clinical, radiological, and serological characteristics, and relapses were similar to those previously reported for different types of AIP. Endoscopic cytohistology was available in 46.2% of cases, and diagnostic for AIP in only 35.2%. Steroid trial to aid diagnosis was administered in 43.3% cases, and effective in 93.3%. Steroid therapy was used in 70.5% of cases, and effective in 92.6% of patients. Maintenance therapy with low dose of steroid (MST) was prescribed in 25.4% of cases at a mean dose of 5 (±1.4) mg/die, and median time of MST was 60 days. Immunosuppressive drugs were rarely used (10.9%), and rituximab in 1.7%. Faecal elastase‐1 was evaluated in only 31.2% of patients, and was pathological in 59.2%.ConclusionsIn this cohort of AIP patients, diagnosis and classification for subtype was frequently possible, confirming the different characteristics of AIP1 and AIP2 previously reported. Nevertheless, we observed a low use of histology and steroid trial for a diagnosis of AIP. Steroid treatment was the most used therapy in our cohort. Immunosuppressants and rituximab were rarely used. The evaluation of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is underemployed considering its high prevalence.
Medical Malpractice Trends in Thyroidectomies among General Surgeons and Otolaryngologists
Authors: Swonke Megan L. , Shakibai Nasim , Chaaban Mohamad R. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesThis study aims to examine litigation trends with thyroidectomies in the United States from 1984 to 2018.MethodsWe used the Westlaw legal database to collect data on the defendant, plaintiff, case demographics, alleged reasons for malpractice, additional complications, and case outcomes.ResultsThe most common reason for litigation was vocal cord paralysis (51%, n = 28), with the majority ruling in favor of the defendant (64%, P =. 042). Of those, 43% of cases (n = 12) were due to unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury, and 39% (n = 11) were due to bilateral RLN injury. Of the claims due to vocal cord paralysis that resulted in indemnity payment (36%), the majority included additional damages, such as lack of informed consent (30%) or subsequent damages from permanent tracheostomy (40%), which is usually a result of bilateral nerve paralysis.ConclusionRLN injury was the most common complication leading to trial, with most cases ruling in favor of the defense. However, most verdicts that favored the plaintiff or those that settled were due to subsequent damages from bilateral nerve paralysis, such as permanent tracheostomy. We encourage surgeons to consider a staged procedure in high‐risk cases or cases with signal loss. There needs to be a bigger emphasis on informed consent in the training of surgeons. Surgeons should educate patients at high risk on potential surgical complications that may drastically affect their quality of life.
Overexpression of RPN2 suppresses radiosensitivity of glioma cells by activating STAT3 signal transduction
Authors: Li Changyu , Ran Haonan , Song Shaojun , Liu Weisong , Zou Wenhui , Jiang Bei , Zhao Hongmei , Shao Bin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Radiation therapy is the primary method of treatment for glioblastoma (GBM). Therefore, the suppression of radioresistance in GBM cells is of enormous significance. Ribophorin II (RPN2), a protein component of an N-oligosaccharyl transferase complex, has been associated with chemotherapy drug resistance in multiple cancers, including GBM. However, it remains unclear whether this also plays a role in radiation therapy resistance in GBM.

Methods
We conducted a bioinformatic analysis of RPN2 expression using the UCSC Cancer Genomics Browser and GEPIA database and performed an immunohistochemical assessment of RPN2 expression in biopsy specimens from 34 GBM patients who had received radiation-based therapy. We also studied the expression and function of RPN2 in radiation-resistant GBM cells.

Results
We found that RPN2 expression was upregulated in GBM tumors and correlated with poor survival. The expression of RPN2 was also higher in GBM patients with tumor recurrence, who were classified to be resistant to radiation therapy. In the radiation-resistant GBM cells, the expression of RPN2 was also higher than in the parental cells. Depletion of RPN2 in resistant cells can sensitize these cells to radiation-induced apoptosis, and overexpression of RPN2 had the reverse effect. Myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL1) was found to be the downstream target of RPN2, and contributed to radiation resistance in GBM cells. Furthermore, STAT3 was found to be the regulator of MCL1, which can be activated by RPN2 dysregulation.

Conclusion
Our study has revealed a novel function of RPN2 in radiation-resistant GBM, and has shown that MCL1 depletion or suppression could be a promising method of therapy to overcome the resistance promoted by RPN2 dysregulation.
Improved Stiffness Modeling for An Exechon-Like Parallel Kinematic Machine (PKM) and Its Application
Authors: Shen Nanyan , Geng Liang , Li Jing , Ye Fei , Yu Zhuang , Wang Zirui 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHole drilling or contour milling for the large and complex workpieces such as automobile panels and aircraft fuselages makes a high combined demand on machining accuracy, stiffness and workspace of machining equipment. Therefore, a 5-DOF (degrees of freedom) parallel kinematic machine (PKM) with redundant constraints is proposed. Based on the kinematics analysis of the parallel mechanism using intermediate variables, the kinematics problems of the PKM are solved through equivalent kinematics model. The structural stiffness matrix method is adopted to model the stiffness of the parallel mechanism of the PKM, where the stiffness of each joint and branch component is obtained by stiffness formula and finite element analysis. And the stiffness model of the parallel mechanism is improved by correction coefficient matrix, each element of which is constructed as a polynomial function of three independent end variables of the parallel mechanism. The terminal stiffness matrices obtained by simulation result are used to determine the coefficients of polynomial function by least square fitting to describe the correction coefficient over the workspace of the parallel mechanism quantitatively. The experiment results prove that the modification method can greatly improve the stiffness model of the parallel mechanism. To enhance the machining accuracy of the PKM, the proposed kinematics model and the improved stiffness model are utilized to optimize the working stiffness of parallel machine by searching the best relative position of parallel machine and workpiece. A plate workpiece taken as example is examined in the case study section, which demonstrates the effectiveness of optimization method.