bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of mechanical and biocompatibility properties of hydroxyapatite/manganese dioxide nanocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering application
Authors: Azizi Fatemeh , Heidari Fatemeh , Fahimipour Farahnaz , Sajjadnejad Mohammad , Vashaee Daryoosh , Tayebi Lobat 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe aim of this research was to evaluate the mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and degradation behavior of scaffolds made of pure hydroxyapatite (HA) and HA‐modified by MnO2 for bone tissue engineering applications. HA and MnO2 were developed using sol‐gel and precipitation methods, respectively. The scaffolds properties were characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microcopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The interaction of scaffold with cells was assessed using in vitro cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assays. The obtained results indicate that the HA/MnO2 scaffolds possess higher compressive strength, toughness, hardness, and density when compared to the pure HA scaffolds. After immersing the scaffold in the SBF solution, more deposited apatite appeared on the HA/MnO2, which results in the rougher surface on this scaffold compared to the pure HA scaffold. Finally, the in vitro biological analysis using human osteoblast cells reveals that scaffolds are biocompatible with adequate ALP activity.
Prevalence of globin gene modifiers encountered in fetuses during antenatal diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies
Authors: Mehta Pallavi , Sawant Pratibha , Gorivale Manju , Nadkarni Anita , Colah Roshan , Mukherjee Malay B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe hemoglobinopathies are the commonest group of single gene disorders in the Indian subcontinent. Although genetic modifiers are known to have a remarkable effect on phenotypic expression, the effects of the possible co‐inheritance of different modifiers are not taken into account during prenatal diagnosis. The present study was undertaken to look for the frequency of globin gene modifiers like the types of β‐globin gene mutations, α thalassemia, α gene triplication, and the Xmn1 polymorphism in fetuses during antenatal diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies.Materials and methodsA total of 580 fetuses with different diagnoses were screened for the presence of genetic modifiers.ResultsTwenty‐two different β‐globin gene mutations were identified of which 3.5% were milder mutations. Among the affected fetuses, 29.6% of the β‐thalassemia major and 52.9% of the sickle cell anemia (SCA) fetuses had one genetic modifier while 3.7% of the β‐thalassemia major and 41.1% of the SCA fetuses had co‐inherited two modifiers. α‐gene triplication was detected in 16 (3.5%) β‐thalassemia/sickle cell heterozygous and normal fetuses of which 5 babies (2 β‐thalassemia heterozygous and 3 normal) could be followed up. Of the 2 β‐thalassemia heterozygous babies, one had a severe clinical presentation.ConclusionMany fetuses had one or two gene modifiers. However, the impact of these on ameliorating the severity of the disease could not be evaluated as all the fetuses with β thalassemia major or sickle cell disease were terminated. Parents having heterozygous fetuses with α gene triplication should be followed up periodically after birth for better management of these babies.
Fathers' food parenting: A scoping review of the literature from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Davison Kirsten K. , Haines Jess , Garcia Evelin A. , Douglas Sabrina , McBride Brent 
Published: May 2020

SummaryBackgroundWhile food parenting is a robust area of inquiry, studies have largely focused on mothers. Given the diversity of family structures today and increases in fathers' engagement in caregiving, fathers' food parenting warrants attention.ObjectiveWe present a scoping review of research on fathers' food parenting (1990‐2019). Eligible studies included peer‐reviewed research published in English documenting fathers' food parenting and presenting results for fathers separate from mothers.ResultsSeventy‐seven eligible studies were identified. Most studies were based in the U.S (63.6%) and utilized a cross‐sectional design (93.5%). Approximately half of studies used a validated measure of food parenting (54.5%) and slightly less than 30% utilized theory (28.6%). Many studies did not report information on fathers' residential status (37.7%) or their relationship to the target child (biological vs social) (63.6%). Content analysis of study findings showed that: fathers are involved in food parenting, but at lower levels than mothers; there are few consistent mother‐father differences in food parenting practices; and fathers' controlling food parenting is linked with negative nutrition outcomes in children while responsive food parenting is linked with positive child outcomes.ConclusionTo better inform family interventions to prevent childhood obesity, future food parenting research with fathers should recognize the diversity of family structures and utilize prospective, theory‐based, designs.
T follicular helper cells in germinal center B cell selection and lymphomagenesis
Authors: Mintz Michelle A. , Cyster Jason G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGerminal centers (GCs) are confined anatomic regions where rapidly proliferating B cells undergo somatic mutation and selection and eventual differentiation into memory B cells or long‐lived plasma cells. GCs are also the origin of malignancy, namely follicular lymphoma (FL), GC B cell‐diffuse large B cell lymphoma (GCB‐DLBCL), and Burkitt lymphoma (BL). GC B cell lymphomas maintain their GC transcriptional signatures and sustain many features of the GC microenvironment, including CD4+ T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. Tfh cells are essential for the formation and maintenance of GCs, providing critical helper signals such as CD40L. Large‐scale sequencing efforts have led to new insights about the tightly regulated selection mechanisms that are commonly targeted during GC B cell lymphomagenesis. For instance, HVEM, a frequently mutated surface molecule in GC‐derived lymphomas, engages the inhibitory receptor BTLA on Tfh cells and loss of HVEM leads to exaggerated T cell help. Here, we review current understanding of how Tfh cells contribute to the selection of GC B cells, with a particular emphasis on how Tfh cell signals may contribute to lymphomagenesis. The possibility of targeting Tfh cells for the treatment of GC‐derived lymphomas is discussed.
The Schwartz Centre Rounds: Supporting mental health workers with the emotional impact of their work
Authors: Allen Deborah , Spencer Graham , McEwan Kirsten , Catarino Francisca , Evans Rachael , Crooks Sarah , Gilbert Paul 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn healthcare settings, there is an emotional cost to caring which can result in compassion fatigue, burnout, secondary trauma, and compromised patient care. Innovative workplace interventions such as the Schwartz Rounds offer a group reflective practice forum for clinical and non‐clinical professionals to reflect on the emotional aspects of working in health care. Whilst the Rounds are established in medical health practice, this study presents an evaluation of the Rounds offered to mental health services. The Rounds were piloted amongst 150 mental health professionals for 6 months and evaluated using a mixed‐methods approach with standardized evaluation forms completed after each Round and a focus group (n = 9) at one‐month follow‐up. This paper also offers a unique six‐year follow‐up of the evaluation of the Rounds. Rounds were rated as helpful, insightful, and relevant, and at six years follow‐up, Rounds were still rated as valuable and viewed as embedded. Focus groups indicated that Rounds were valued because of the opportunity to express emotions (in particular negative emotions towards patients that conflict with the professional care‐role), share experiences, and feel validated and supported by colleagues. The findings indicate that Schwartz Rounds offer a positive application in mental healthcare settings. The study supports the use of interventions which provide an ongoing forum in which to discuss emotions, develop emotional literacy, provide peer support and set an intention for becoming a more compassionate organization in which to work.
Glass‐forming regions and enhanced 2.7 μm emission by Er3+ heavily doping in TeO2–Ga2O3–R2O (or MO) glasses
Authors: Wang Weichao , Mao Liyan , Liu Jinlin , Xu Shanhui 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEr3+‐doped fiber lasers operating at 2.7 μm have attracted increasing interest because of their various important applications; however, the intrinsic self‐terminating effect of Er3+ and the reliability of glass hosts hindered the development of Er3+‐doped fiber lasers. Herein, the glass‐forming regions of a series TeO2–Ga2O3–R2O (or MO) (R = Li, Na, and Rb; M = Mg, Sr, Ba, Pb, and Zn) glasses are predicted by the thermodynamic calculation method. On this basis, the physical and optical properties of TeO2–Ga2O3–ZnO (TGZ) glass are investigated in detail as an example. Under the excitation of 980 nm laser diode, the fluorescence intensity at 2.7 μm reaches a maximum in the heavily Er3+‐doped TGZ glass. By contrast, the accompanying near‐infrared fluorescence at 1.5 μm and upconversion green emissions at 528 nm and 546 nm are all effectively weaken. Furthermore, the lifetime gap between the 4I11/2 upper laser level and 4I13/2 lower laser level is sharply narrowed from 2.81 ms to 0.59 ms, which is beneficial to overcome the population conversion bottleneck. All results demonstrate that these newly developed ternary tellurite glass systems are promising candidates for near‐/mid‐infrared laser glass fiber, fiber amplifiers, and fiber lasers.
Copper phosphate compounds with visible‐to‐near‐infrared‐active photo‐fenton‐like photocatalytic properties
Authors: Han Gill Sang , Cho In Sun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCopper pyro‐, ortho‐, and tetra‐phosphate compounds (Cu2P2O7, Cu3P2O8, and Cu4P2O9) with the general composition, CuxP2O5+x (x = 2, 3, 4), were prepared through the conventional solid‐state synthesis route, and their optical properties and visible‐infrared light‐induced photocatalytic activities were investigated for the first time. The copper phosphate compounds showed comparable particle sizes, and their primary optical bandgaps were estimated to lie in the range of 2.8‐3.6 eV. Their photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the kinetics of decomposition of rhodamine B (RhB) solution under visible‐light irradiation (>420 nm). Among the three kinds of copper phosphate, Cu4P2O9 exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity due to its smallest bandgap (of the three compounds considered) and appropriate band positions. More interestingly, the three copper phosphate compounds, particularly Cu3P2O8, show strong near‐infrared (NIR) light absorption, thereby enabling the NIR‐induced photocatalytic decomposition of RhB in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Finally, a possible photo‐Fenton photocatalytic reaction mechanism was also proposed based on the band structure/position.
Implementing Active Support in disability day services: A 6‐month prospective study on engagement and behaviours of concern among adults with intellectual disability
Authors: Lin Jiayong , Manokara Vimallan , Ng Jesselyn S. , Penchaliah Sivananda 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAdults with intellectual disability are often disengaged in disability services. While Active Support has found efficacy in residential settings, less is known in day services. This study examines the impact of Active Support in day services for adults with intellectual disability in Singapore, particularly on engagement and behaviours of concern.MethodAn experimental design was used, with a group of 32 participants receiving an Active Support programme over 6 months, compared to a control group of 16 participants with treatment as usual. Time sampling of behaviours was conducted every 4 weeks.ResultsThe Active Support group saw increases in activity engagement and social engagement with staff, and decreases in disengagement and stereotypical behaviours, compared to the control group over time.ConclusionResults support the implementation of Active Support across other day services for adults with intellectual disability. Active Support principles should be considered in planning policies and service outcome measures.
His bundle pacing for newly acquired pacing needs in patients implanted with a subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator: A feasibility study based on the automated screening score and clinical cases
Authors: Gauthey Anaïs , Calle Simon , Accinelli Stefano , Depuydt Philippe , Garnir Quentin , Scavée Christophe , Marchandise Sébastien , Wauters Aurélien , Bordachar Pierre , de Pooter Jan , Le Polain de Waroux Jean‐Benoît 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionManagement of subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (S‐ICD) patients with newly acquired pacing needs remains problematic. His bundle pacing (HBP) allows for cardiac pacing without significant changes in the QRS morphology. We hypothesized that HBP does not alter S‐ICD sensing and functions.MethodsTwenty consecutive patients were implanted with a HB pacemaker. Among them, 17 demonstrated successful His recruitment and were prospectively screened with the automated screening tool (AST). Results of screenings performed immediately after implant and during follow‐up, during intrinsic rhythm and while pacing from all available pacing configurations, were compared using the AST score. Positive‐screening tests were defined by greater than or equal to 1 positive vector.ResultsAmong the 17 patients successfully implanted (male: 41%; mean age: 73), 13 presented an indication of ventricular pacing and four of cardiac resynchronization. Absolute AST scores during both HBP (all configurations) and intrinsic rhythm were similar (p: NS). Due to left bundle branch block correction, HBP resulted in higher number of positive vectors (AST ≥ 100). AST scores were higher during HBP when compared with right ventricular pacing (RVP) (primary vector: 272 [16; 648] vs 4.6 [0.8; 16.2]; P = .003; secondary vector: 569 [183; 1186] vs 1.5 [0.7; 8.3]; P < .0001; alternate vector: 44 [2;125] vs 4.8 [0.9; 9.3]; P = .02) and resulted in a much higher number of positive vectors. Up to 90% of the patients had a positive‐screening test during HBP. This passing rate was higher when compared RVP (17%; P < .0001).ConclusionHBP restores normal intrinsic conduction and minimally modifies the surface electrocardiograph and subcutaneous electrograms. When ventricular pacing is needed, HBP might represent an ideal pacing option for patients implanted with a S‐ICD.
Short‐ and long‐term diets of the threatened longhorned pygmy devil ray, Mobula eregoodoo determined using stable isotopes
Authors: Burgess Katherine B. , Broadhurst Matt K. , Raoult Vincent , Laglbauer Betty J. L. , Coleman Melinda A. , Bennett Michael B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMost mobulids are listed as near threatened to endangered. Nonetheless, effective conservation measures are hindered by knowledge gaps in their ecology and behaviour. In particular, few studies have assessed diets and trophic ecologies that could inform methods to avoid fishing mortality. Here, a shortfall in data for the longhorned pygmy devil ray, Mobula eregoodoo was addressed by describing temporal variability in dietary preferences using stable isotope analysis. During summer and autumn in 2017, five bather‐protection gillnets were deployed off eastern Australia (29° S, 153.5° E). From the catches of these gillnets, 35 adult M. eregoodoo had liver, muscle and stomach contents sampled to determine δ13C and δ15N profiles. Analyses revealed that surface zooplankton and zooplanktivorous teleosts were important dietary components across short‐ and long‐term temporal scales. Large quantities of undigested sandy sprat, Hyperlophus vittatus, in the stomachs of some specimens unequivocally confirm feeding on teleosts. A narrow isotopic niche and minimal isotopic overlap with reef manta rays, Mobula alfredi from the same geographic region in eastern Australia implies M. eregoodoo has unique and highly specialised resource use relative to other mobulids in the area. The species is clearly vulnerable to capture during inshore migrations, presumably where they feed on shallow‐water shoaling teleosts. Female M. eregoodoo likely have a low annual reproductive output, so population recoveries from fishing‐induced declines are likely to be slow. Measures to reduce the by catch of M. eregoodoo in local bather‐protection gillnets, and artisanal fisheries more broadly, should be given priority.
Energy pathways associated with sustained spermatozoon motility in the endangered Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii
Authors: Rahi Deepali , Dzyuba Borys , Xin Miaomiao , Cheng Yu , Dzyuba Viktoriya 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSturgeon spermatozoa are unique for their sustained motility. We investigated the relative importance of bioenergetic pathways in the energy supply of Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii spermatozoa during motile and immotile states. Spermatozoon motility and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) were analysed following exposure to inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation (sodium azide, NaN3), glycolysis (2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose, DOG) and β‐oxidation of fatty acids (sodium fluoride, NaF), and to an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation (carbonyl cyanide m‐chlorophenyl hydrazine, CCCP). No significant difference in curvilinear velocity was observed after addition of these reagents to activation medium (AM) or nonactivation medium (NAM) for incubation. Incubation of spermatozoa in NAM containing CCCP or NaN3 resulted in significantly decreased motility duration compared to controls. The OCR of sturgeon spermatozoa in AM (11.9 ± 1.4 nmol O2 min−1 (109 spz)−1) was significantly higher than in NAM (8.2 ± 1.5 nmol O2 min−1 (109 spz)−1). The OCR significantly declined with addition of NaN3 to AM and NAM. No significant difference in motility parameters or OCR was observed with NaF or DOG. These results suggest active oxidative phosphorylation in both immotile and motile spermatozoa. Nevertheless, mitochondrial respiration occurring during motility is not sufficient to meet the high energy demands, and the energy required for sustained motility of Siberian sturgeon spermatozoa is derived from adenosine triphosphate accumulated during the quiescent state.
Monitoring freshwater fish communities in large rivers using environmental DNA metabarcoding and a long‐term electrofishing survey
Authors: Goutte Aurélie , Molbert Noëlie , Guérin Sabrina , Richoux Robin , Rocher Vincent 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMonitoring freshwater fish communities in a large human‐impacted river is a challenging task. The structure of fish assemblages has been monitored yearly in the Marne and the Seine Rivers, across the Paris conurbation, France, using traditional electrofishing (EF) surveys since 1990, in accordance with the European Water Framework Directive. In addition, metabarcoding of DNA extracted from environmental samples (eDNA) was concomitantly conducted in nine sampling sites in 2017 and in 2018 to compare the estimates of species richness and relative abundance among three methods: annual, long‐term EF monitoring and eDNA. The present study confirms better detection of fish species using eDNA compared to annual EF. eDNA metabarcoding was also more efficient for species detection than a 3–6‐year EF survey but was similar or less efficient than a long‐term EF survey of 14 years of monitoring. In addition, the numbers of reads per species relative to the total number of reads significantly increased with (a) increasing relative abundance (relative percentage of individuals caught per species) and (b) increasing number of years that a fish species was detected during the 2000–2018 period. These results suggest that eDNA could reflect local population persistence.
High‐pressure treatment of hummus in selected packaging materials: Influence on texture, rheology, and microstructure
Authors: Ahmed Jasim , Thomas Linu , Mulla Mehrajfatema 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this work, the effects of high‐pressure (HP) treatments on textural, rheological, and microstructural properties of hummus samples in selected packaging were investigated, to assess their suitability for use in the HP environment. The hummus samples obtained from a local store were subjected to high‐pressure treatment (300–600 MPa/25°C for 15 min) in three selected packaging materials (coextruded LLDPE, LLDPE, and polylactide/essential oil blend), and thereafter, examined the textural and microstructural properties of the postprocess samples. Samples in the packaging materials remained intact without any leakage. Texture parameters did not change significantly within the pressure range of 300–500 MPa, however, changed significantly at 600 MPa. The elastic modulus (G′) of hummus was predominantly higher than the viscous modulus (G″), and the rigidity, increased with increasing the pressure, irrespective of the packaging materials. The sample packed in polylactide/essential oil blend film and processed at 600 MPa exhibited a significant change in the overall quality. Micrographs and particle‐size distribution of pressure‐treated hummus supported the aggregation of particles and emulsification of starch/protein/oil layers. Overall, the structure of the hummus remained satisfactory in all the investigated films within a pressure range of 300–500 MPa. It appears that the pressure treatment at 600 MPa had a major impact on the product quality than the selected packaging materials, except for the polylactide/essential oil films where barrier properties were changed significantly.Practical ApplicationsHigh‐pressure (HP) processing is one of the most accepted novel technology, food industry ever accepted after the thermal processing. Hummus—a delicious dip developed in the Middle East has been widely accepted. The product is sold in the supermarket without a proper packaging and, therefore, a chance of microbial contamination remains in the product. To improve the hygiene/safety and the shelf life of the hummus, HP could be applied to the samples packed with selected materials including a biodegradable one.