bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periplocin induces apoptosis and inhibits inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast‐like synoviocytes via nuclear factor kappa B pathway
Authors: Zhang Xin , Nan He , Guo Jialong , Yang Shoujun , Liu Jinyu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractApoptotic resistance and excessive proliferation of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (RA‐FLSs) stimulated by inflammation could lead to distal joint destruction and bone damage. Periplocin could promote apoptosis, resist proliferation, and reduce inflammation. However, the effect and mechanism toward periplocin in proliferation and inflammation of RA‐FLSs remain unclear. The role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α induced proliferation and expression of inflammatory cytokines in RA‐FLSs was established. Our studies noted that cell viability of TNF‐α‐induced RA‐FLSs was inhibited in periplocin treatment via dose–response, whereas cell apoptosis of RA‐FLSs was triggered by dose‐dependent effect of periplocin. Bcl‐2 protein, one of the apoptotic regulators, was downregulated, while other regulators of apoptosis, including BAX, cleaved caspase‐3, and cleaved caspase‐9, were upregulated in RA‐FLSs under periplocin treatment. In addition, periplocin decreased the TNF‐α‐induced mRNA and protein expression levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐6 in RA‐FLSs in a dose‐dependent way. Finally, the increased levels of phospho (p)‐inhibitor of kappa B (IκBα)/IκBα and p‐NF (nuclear factor)‐κB/nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) ratio of RA‐FLSs stimulated by TNF‐α were decreased by periplocin treatment. Taken together, periplocin treatment decreased cell viability and cytokines expression and promoted cell apoptosis of TNF‐α‐induced RA‐FLSs through inhibition of NF‐κB signaling pathway, providing a potential therapeutic approach for RA.
Diels‐Alder reaction mechanisms of substituted chiral anthracene: A theoretical study based on the reaction force and reaction electronic flux
Authors: Hernández Mancera Jennifer Paola , Núñez‐Zarur Francisco , Gutiérrez‐Oliva Soledad , Toro‐Labbé Alejandro , Vivas‐Reyes Ricardo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractQuantum chemical calculations were used to study the mechanism of Diels‐Alder reactions involving chiral anthracenes as dienes and a series of dienophiles. The reaction force analysis was employed to obtain a detailed scrutiny of the reaction mechanisms, it has been found that thermodynamics and kinetics of the reactions are quite consistent: the lower the activation energy, the lower the reaction energy, thus following the Bell‐Evans‐Polanyi principle. It has been found that activation energies are mostly due to structural rearrangements that in most cases represented more than 70% of the activation energy. Electronic activity mostly due to changes in σ and π bonding were revealed by the reaction electronic flux (REF), this property helps identify whether changes on σ or π bonding drive the reaction. Additionally, new global indexes describing the behavior of the electronic activity were introduced and then used to classify the reactions in terms of the spontaneity of their electronic activity. Local natural bond order electronic population analysis was used to check consistency with global REF through the characterization of specific changes in the electronic density that might be responsible for the activity already detected by the REF. Results show that reactions involving acetoxy lactones are driven by spontaneous electronic activity coming from bond forming/strengthening processes; in the case of maleic anhydrides and maleimides it appears that both spontaneous and non‐spontaneous electronic activity are quite active in driving the reactions.
Discovery of a more potent anticancer agent than C4‐benzazole 1,8‐naphthalimide derivatives against murine melanoma
Authors: Tung Chi‐Hua , Lu Yen‐Ta , Kao Wei‐Ting , Liu Jen‐Wei , Lai Yi‐Hsuan , Jiang Shinn‐Jong , Chen Hao‐Ping , Shih Tzenge‐Lien 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThree novel naphthalimide‐based derivatives were synthesized and tested in vitro as anticancer agents. Our previous report of the C4‐benzazole 1,8‐naphthalimide derivatives showed good inhibition against murine melanoma. We aimed to synthesize more potent agents and found that compound 5 reported in this article behaved 5‐ to 10‐fold potency than our previous best results. The unique structure of compound 5 consisted of a naphthalimide framework in which C4 position was linked with an ethylenediamine group where the amino group was coupled with a 2‐piconic acid moiety. Compound 5 exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity toward human DNA topoisomerase II proteins with IC50 value (2.6 ± 0.1 μM) against murine B16F10 melanoma cells among the three target compounds synthesized in this study. In accordance with this finding, the results of molecular docking also revealed that compound 5 has the highest affinity with human DNA topoisomerase II among the selected compounds. Compound 5, therefore, has high potential for becoming a lead compound.
Routinized categorization of suicide risk into actionable strata: Establishing the validity of an existing suicide risk assessment framework in an outpatient sample
Authors: Gallyer Austin J. , Chu Carol , Klein Kelly M. , Quintana Jazmine , Carlton Corinne , Dougherty Sean P. , Joiner Thomas E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe Suicide Risk Assessment and Management Decision Tree (DT) is a clinician‐administered assessment that leads to risk categorizations that correspond with actionable strata. This study investigated the construct validity and test–retest reliability of the DT risk categories across two time points.MethodOutpatients (N = 731) completed a battery of self‐report measures. Spearman's correlations were used to examine the relationships between DT suicide risk level and suicidal symptoms, theory‐based risk factors, psychiatric correlates, and DT suicide risk level at Timepoint 2. Correlations were analyzed for significant differences to examine the divergent validity of the DT.ResultsResults, overall, were in line with hypotheses, with the exception of depression and thwarted belongingness.ConclusionsFindings provide evidence for the reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the DT. This clinician‐administered suicide risk assessment may be useful for standardization of the assessment and management of suicide risk in outpatient clinical settings.
Working collaboratively across schools to promote oral health education through interprofessional education
Authors: Padilla Ricardo , Kowlowitz Vicki , Quinonez Rocio B. , Ciarrocca Katharine , Gilchrist Michael J. , Gilliland Kurt O. , Koonce Thomas F. , Lampiris Lewis , Beck Dallaghan Gary L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeThe Association of American Medical Colleges and American Dental Education Association have identified oral health knowledge, skills, and attitudes shared by both medical and dental professionals. Although oral health was deemed an essential competency for medical practitioners, our state struggled to ensure learners received proper training. This training deficit resulted in conducting a needs assessment and implementing an oral health interprofessional module at our schools.MethodsFirst‐year medical students and clinical faculty were emailed surveys in 2016 to obtain baseline information. A team of faculty and students from the Schools of Medicine and Dentistry reviewed the curriculum to determine where to augment oral health content. An oral health module to teach a basic head, neck, and oral examination to first‐year medical students during their patient‐centered care small‐group sessions was implemented and evaluated.ResultsOnly 13.6% of faculty respondents were aware of national oral health competency recommendations, and <50% rated oral health important for primary care physicians (PCPs) to include in history, physical exam, or oral health counseling. On baseline, ≤25% of PCP respondents reported integrating the listed skills in their practice, and most indicated lacking expertise to teach oral health. Teaching sessions were rated helpful by students and faculty. After the teaching sessions, ratings on the importance of including oral health significantly increased from baseline.ConclusionCollaboration between Schools of Dentistry and Medicine successfully integrated oral health into medical school curriculum and improved the tutors’ attitudes of its importance.
Physicians' prediction for the assessment of atypical pathogens in respiratory tract infections
Authors: Suzuki Satoshi , Ishimaru Naoto , Akashi Yusaku , Takeuchi Yuto , Ueda Atsuo , Ushiki Akihito , Kinami Saori , Suzuki Hiromichi , Tokuda Yasuharu , Maeno Tetsuhiro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients with acute respiratory tract infections are frequently prescribed antimicrobials despite high rates of virus detection. Physicians may overprescribe antimicrobials owing to the concern of bacterial infections, including those because of atypical pathogens. We investigated the accuracy of clinical predictions concerning atypical pathogen infections.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled adult patients who presented with a fever and cough in outpatient clinics between December 2016 and August 2018. After taking a history and performing physical examinations, physicians predicted the possibility of respiratory infections because of atypical pathogens. Disease probabilities were categorized into 3 grades (high: ≥50%, intermediate: 20% ≥ and <50%, and low: <20%) and were judged by physicians who were taking care of the patients. Confirmation of atypical pathogens was performed by comprehensive molecular analyses of respiratory samples.ResultsAtypical pathogens were detected in 21 of 210 patients. A close contact history (odds ratio [OR]: 11.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.4‐53.5) and the presence of pneumonia (OR: 12.9, CI: 4.3‐39.2) were associated with the detections. Atypical pathogens were detected in 32.3% of high‐probability cases (10/31), while atypical pathogens were only detected in 8.8% of intermediate‐probability cases (8/91) and 3.4% of low‐probability cases (3/88) (P < .001).ConclusionsThe current study indicates that physicians’ predictions were associated with the detection of atypical pathogens; however, overestimation was observed.
Factors influencing decision‐making ability of the patient receiving home medical care
Authors: Akiyama Akiko , Fukuyama Yumi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients' decision‐making ability is a substantial barrier to end‐of‐life conversations with doctors. This study aimed to examine factors influencing this ability.MethodsAltogether, 914 doctors from Japanese home care supporting clinics providing home medical care as of February 2019 participated in this study. Data were collected through an anonymous mailed survey between April and May 2019.ResultsStepwise multiple linear regression analysis of factors influencing patients’ decision‐making ability revealed the following significant factors: (a) independence level in the daily life of older adults with dementia (B: −0.52), (b) disease name (B: 0.20), and (c) family structure (B: 0.12).ConclusionsPatients' decision‐making ability regarding conducting end‐of‐life conversations with doctors was characterized; thus, (a) they did not have cognitive impairment, (b) they had cancer, and (c) they lived with a spouse.
miR‐877‐5p alleviates chondrocyte dysfunction in osteoarthritis models via repressing FOXM1
Authors: Zhu Shaobo , Deng Yu , Gao Hui , Huang Kaiyuan , Nie Zhongjie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to investigate whether forkhead box M1 (FOXM1), as a putative target of miR‐877‐5p, participated in interleukin (IL)‐1β‐induced cartilage degeneration in experimental osteoarthritis (OA) models in vitro and in vivo.MethodsIn vitro and in vivo models of OA were established using IL‐1β treated primary mouse chondrocytes and anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) operation in mice. miR‐877‐5p mimics or agomir‐miR‐877‐5p were used as therapeutic agents in both in vitro and in vivo models of OA. Cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated using cell counting kit‐8 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining, respectively. A quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to measure gene and protein expression, respectively.ResultsFOXM1 was up‐regulated in IL‐1β‐stimulated chondrocytes and the proximal tibia of ACLT‐operated mice. Bioinformatics algorithms deduced a highly conserved sequence in the 3'‐UTR of FOXM1 that could be bound with miR‐877‐5p. A luciferase assay indicated that miR‐877‐5p directly targeted the 3'‐UTR of FOXM1. Overexpression of miR‐877‐5p could reduce protein expression of FOXM1 in chondrocytes. Concurrently, IL‐1β‐evoked up‐regulation of FOXM1 protein expression was neutralized in chondrocytes following transfection with miR‐877‐5p mimics. miR‐877‐5p mimics or agomir‐miR‐887‐5p could inhibit IL‐1β‐induced inflammation in both in vitro and in vivo models of OA. miR‐877‐5p might have beneficial effects on the synthesis of cartilage matrix via the promotion of SRY‐box transcription factor 9 and type II collagen expression and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression.ConclusionsmiR‐877‐5p can improve chondrocyte function in both in vivo and in vitro models of OA, based on post‐transcriptional repression of FOXM1 as a postulated molecular mechanism.
6‐(Hetero)arylindolizino[1,2‐c]quinolines as highly fluorescent chemical space: Synthesis and photophysical properties
Authors: Singh Dileep K. , Kim Suzi , Lee Jeong Hwa , Lee Na Keum , Kim Jinwoo , Lee Jeeyeon , Kim Ikyon 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA highly fluorescent indolizino[1,2‐c]quinoline with a substituent at the C6 position was designed and synthesized as a new indolizine‐quinoline hybrid structure via a tetracyclic lactam. Various (hetero)aryl groups were introduced at the C6 site of this basic skeleton to display intriguing photophysical properties.
Associations between schistosomiasis and HIV‐1 acquisition risk in four prospective cohorts: a nested case‐control analysis
Authors: Bochner Aaron F , Baeten Jared M , Secor W Evan , van Dam Govert J , Szpiro Adam A , Njenga Sammy M , Corstjens Paul L A M , Newsam Austin , Mugo Nelly R , Celum Connie , Mujugira Andrew , McClelland R Scott , Barnabas Ruanne V 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionGlobally, schistosomes infect approximately 200 million people, with 90% of infections in sub‐Saharan Africa. Schistosomiasis is hypothesized to increase HIV‐1 acquisition risk, and multiple cross‐sectional studies reported strong associations. We evaluated this hypothesis within four large prospective cohorts.MethodsWe conducted nested case‐control analyses within three longitudinal cohorts of heterosexual HIV‐1 serodiscordant couples and one female sex worker (FSW) cohort from Kenya and Uganda. The serodiscordant couples studies were conducted between 2004 and 2012 while the FSW cohort analysis included participant follow‐up from 1993 to 2014. Cases HIV‐1 seroconverted during prospective follow‐up; three controls were selected per case. The presence of circulating anodic antigen in archived serum, collected prior to HIV‐1 seroconversion, identified participants with active schistosomiasis; immunoblots determined the schistosome species. Data from serodiscordant couples cohorts were pooled, while the FSW cohort was analysed separately to permit appropriate confounder adjustment.ResultsWe included 245 HIV‐1 seroconverters and 713 controls from the serodiscordant couples cohorts and 330 HIV‐1 seroconverters and 962 controls from the FSW cohort. The prevalence of active schistosomiasis was 20% among serodiscordant couples and 22% among FSWs. We found no association between schistosomiasis and HIV‐1 acquisition risk among males (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.99, 95% CI 0.59 to 1.67) or females (aOR = 1.21, 95% CI 0.64 to 2.30) in serodiscordant couples. Similarly, in the FSW cohort we detected no association (adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) = 1.11, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.50). Exploring schistosome species‐specific effects, there was no statistically significant association between HIV‐1 acquisition risk andSchistosoma mansoni(serodiscordant couples: aOR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.44; FSW: aIRR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.20) orSchistosoma haematobium(serodiscordant couples: aOR = 1.06, 95% CI 0.46 to 2.40; FSW: aIRR = 1.64, 95% CI 0.93 to 2.87) infection.ConclusionsSchistosomiasis was not a strong risk factor for HIV‐1 acquisition in these four prospective studies.S. mansoniwas responsible for the majority of schistosomiasis in these cohorts, and our results do not support the hypothesis thatS. mansoniinfection is associated with increased HIV‐1 acquisition risk.S. haematobiuminfection was associated with a point estimate of elevated HIV‐1 risk in the FSW cohort that was not statistically significant, and there was no trend towards a positive association in the serodiscordant couples cohorts.
MRI‐Based Quantitative Osteoporosis Imaging at the Spine and Femur
Authors: Sollmann Nico , Löffler Maximilian T. , Kronthaler Sophia , Böhm Christof , Dieckmeyer Michael , Ruschke Stefan , Kirschke Jan S. , Carballido‐Gamio Julio , Karampinos Dimitrios C. , Krug Roland , Baum Thomas 
Published: June 2020

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease with a high prevalence worldwide, characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration, predisposing an individual to fragility fractures. Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) has been the clinical reference standard for diagnosing osteoporosis and for assessing fracture risk for decades. However, other imaging modalities are of increasing importance to investigate the etiology, treatment, and fracture risk. The purpose of this work is to review the available literature on quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods and related findings in osteoporosis at the spine and proximal femur as the clinically most important fracture sites. Trabecular bone microstructure analysis at the proximal femur based on high‐resolution MRI allows for a better prediction of osteoporotic fracture risk than DXA‐based bone mineral density (BMD) alone. In the 1990s, T2* mapping was shown to correlate with the density and orientation of the trabecular bone. Recently, quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), which overcomes some of the limitations of T2* mapping, has been applied for trabecular bone quantifications at the spine, whereas ultrashort echo time (UTE) imaging provides valuable surrogate markers of cortical bone quantity and quality. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and chemical shift encoding‐based water–fat MRI (CSE‐MRI) enable the quantitative assessment of the nonmineralized bone compartment through extraction of the bone marrow fat fraction (BMFF). Furthermore, CSE‐MRI allows for the differentiation of osteoporotic vs. pathologic fractures, which is of high clinical relevance. Lastly, advanced postprocessing and image analysis tools, particularly considering statistical parametric mapping and region‐specific BMFF distributions, have high potential to further improve MRI‐based fracture risk assessments at the spine and hip.Level of Evidence5Technical Efficacy Stage2
Experimental study on HCl uptake by MgCl2 and sea salt under humid conditions
Authors: Ivanov Andrey V. , Molina Mario J. , Park Jong‐Ho 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe studied HCl uptake by MgCl2 and sea salt over a relative humidity (RH) range from 0% to 34% at 278–313 K using a differential bead‐filled flow tube coupled to a high‐pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometer. The results showed that dry MgCl2 and sea salt are essentially inert to gaseous HCl with a probability of less than 10−6. However, under humid conditions, HCl was found to be efficiently taken up by wet inorganic surfaces. The HCl uptake coefficient for MgCl2 and sea salt increased squarely with RH, reaching a value of 0.00123 and 0.00171, respectively, at 29% RH and 298 K. Such wetting behavior is even enhanced at elevated temperatures, with the coefficient reaching 0.00208 and 0.00239, respectively, at 313 K. Based on the study of the dependence of γHCl on the initial HCl concentration, we estimate γHCl as 0.012 at 24% RH at a typical HCl concentration in the troposphere. In addition, the observation of the remarkable enhancement in the OH uptake by the HCl‐treated salts agrees with the results of our previous investigation, which suggested that water absorption on salts enhances γOH by lowering the surface pH. The proposed mechanism of HCl uptake by sea salt aerosol has implications for ozone production in the marine boundary layer.
Creativity Assessment over Time: Examining the Reliability of CAT Ratings
Authors: Barth Philipp , Stadtmann Georg 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTheconsensual assessment technique(CAT) is a reliable and valid method to measure (product) creativity and often consideredthegold standard of creativity assessment. The reliability measure traditionally applied in CAT studies—inter‐rater reliability—cannot capture time‐sampling error, which is a particular relevant source of error for specific applications of the CAT. Therefore, the present study intended to investigate the test–retest reliability of CAT ratings. We asked raters (N = 61) for their creativity assessment of the same set of 90 fashion outfits at an initial rating session and a follow‐up session either 2 or 4 weeks later. We found that mean product ratings—the actual focus of interest in the CAT—were highly stable over time, as evidenced by consistency and agreement ICCs clearly exceeding levels of .90. However, individual raters (partially) lacked temporal stability, indicating a drift in rater tendencies over time. Our findings support the CAT’s reputation as a highly reliable measurement method, but question the temporal rating stability of the CAT’s actual “measurement instrument,” namely individual judges.
Mesozooplankton taurine production and prokaryotic uptake in the northern Adriatic Sea
Authors: Clifford Elisabeth L. , De Corte Daniele , Amano Chie , Paliaga Paolo , Ivančić Ingrid , Ortiz Victor , Najdek Mirjana , Herndl Gerhard J. , Sintes Eva 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDissolved free taurine, an important osmolyte in phytoplankton and metazoans, has been shown to be a significant carbon and energy source for prokaryotes in the North Atlantic throughout the water column. However, the extent of the coupling between taurine production and consumption over a seasonal cycle has not been examined yet. We determined taurine production by abundant crustacean zooplankton and its role as a carbon and energy source for several prokaryotic taxa in the northern Adriatic Sea over a seasonal cycle. Taurine concentrations were generally in the low nanomolar range, reaching a maximum of 22 nmol L−1 in fall during a Pseudonitzschia bloom and coinciding with the highest zooplankton taurine release rates. Taurine accounted for up to 5% of the carbon, 11% of the nitrogen, and up to 71% of the sulfur requirements of heterotrophic prokaryotes. Members of the Roseobacter clade, Alteromonas, Thaumarchaeota, and Euryarchaeota exhibited higher cell‐specific taurine assimilation rates than SAR11 cells. However, cell‐specific taurine and leucine assimilation were highly variable in all taxa, suggesting species and/or ecotype specific utilization patterns of taurine and dissolved free amino acids. Copepods were able to cover the bulk taurine requirements of the prokaryotic communities in fall and winter and partly in the spring–summer period. Overall, our study emphasizes the significance of taurine as a carbon and energy source for the prokaryotic community in the northern Adriatic Sea and the importance of crustacean zooplankton as a significant source of taurine and other organic compounds for the heterotrophic prokaryotic community.