bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REINVENTING THE COUNTER-REFORMATION IN MARIAN ENGLAND, 1553–1558
Authors: SMITH FREDERICK E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOver the last thirty years, historians have made several important contributions to our understanding of the short but dramatic restoration of Catholicism in 1550s England. United by a shared rejection of the hitherto dominant interpretation of Mary I's reign as a retrograde and unfortunate interlude in the history of the English Reformation, so-called ‘revisionists’ have convincingly argued that Mary in fact presided over a remarkably dynamic and innovative revival of Catholicism. Whilst this scholarship has been extremely valuable in tackling the teleological assumption that Marian Catholicism was predestined to fail, this review suggests that the revisionist programme continues to be preoccupied by somewhat ill-conceived and unhelpful questions about how ‘successful’ Mary's church was in providing for a Catholic future. Such questions demonstrate just how far the historiography of Marian religion continues to operate within a framework still subtly shaped by sixteenth-century, confessionally charged polemic. This review suggests that, rather than debates about ‘successes’ or ‘failures’, we need to start working outwards from the valuable findings of revisionists regarding the dynamism of Marian religion, exploring their broader implications for how we understand the long-term development of Catholicism in England, as well as the Marian church's place within European Christendom more broadly.
Fasciola hepaticainfection in cattle and the use of simulation models for endemic areas
Authors: Molento M.B. , Dutra L.H. , Pritsch I.C. , Garbin V.P. , Pereira A.M. , Gavião A. , Gabriel A.L. , de Sousa R.S. , Viana J.G.A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFasciolosis is a food-borne disease that causes great distress to a range of hosts, including humans. The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the liver damage and carcass weight of cattle naturally infected withFasciola hepaticafrom the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil, and to (2) determine the distribution of adult flukes in 12,236 cattle liver from RS. The data from these experiments were used to calculate the overall economic loss due toF. hepaticainfection. Eighteen adult Polled Hereford cows were divided into a triclabendazole (TbG) and aF. hepatica-positive group (FhG). For Experiment 1, a generalized linear mixed model revealed a statistical difference in carcass weight (49.8 kg) between TbG and FhG. The Monte Carlo analysis also revealed that the animals’ weight differences were due to the disease. For Experiment 2, the prevalence of infected livers was above 16% (1904/12,236), mostly (20.1%) from the south-west region of RS. The Susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) epidemic model revealed the evolution of the infection using a high infectivity and low recovery rate. Other distinctive scenarios that occur in RS were also established with different rates of infectivity. The economic assessment showed a potential loss of US$45 million to the beef cattle industry of RS, with an overall State cost of US$90.3 million. These novel findings reveal the importance of fasciolosis infection, which can cause a significant health condition and poor animal welfare.
Chronic neuroangiostrongyliasis: case study of chronic presentations in Hawaii
Authors: Meyer Bernard C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper describes chronic features of neuroangiostrongyliasis (NAS), a long-term outcome of the disease that has not been adequately described. Current and past literature is predominantly limited to acute manifestations of NAS, and mention of chronic, ongoing clinical symptoms is usually limited to brief notes in a discussion of severe cases. This study investigated the long-term outcomes in ten individuals who were diagnosed with acute neuroangiostrongyliasis in Hawaii between 2009 and 2017. The study demonstrates a significant number of persons in Hawaii sustain residual symptoms for many years, including troublesome sensory paresthesia (abnormal spontaneous sensations of skin experienced as ‘burning, pricking, pins and needles’; also described as allodynia or hyperesthesia) and extremity muscle pains. As a consequence, employment and economic hardships, domestic relocations, and psychological impairments affecting personal relationships occurred. The study summarizes common features of chronic disease, sensory paresthesia and hyperesthesia, diffuse muscular pain, insomnia, and accompanying emotional distress; highlights the frequently unsuccessful endeavours of individuals struggling to find effective treatment; proposes pathogenic mechanisms responsible for prolonged illness including possible reasons for differences in disease presentation in Hawaii compared to Southeast Asia.
Laws of Nature and Individuals
Authors: Dosanjh Ranpal 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIndividuals (like the Earth or a biological species) are often the subject of generalizations of various special sciences. The traditional argument is that there can't be laws about such individuals, since the law statements would have to contain local predicates (refer essentially to a particular time, place, object, or event). Marc Lange argues that, despite local predication, there can be laws about individuals. This paper argues, on the contrary, that there can be no such laws – not because of local predication, but because the laws would discriminate among material systems on non-qualitative grounds. I rely on the principle that qualitatively identical systems under one set of laws must evolve in the same manner. If there could be laws about individuals, nothing would guarantee that the principle is satisfied. My argument is illustrated by a thought experiment inspired by Strawson's massive reduplication argument.
Reassembling Transformations for Robot Manipulators Characterised Using Network Theoretic and Clifford-Algebraic Methods
Authors: Thiruvengadam Sudharsan , Tan Jei Shian , Miller Karol 
Published: September 2020

SUMMARYA robotic manipulator’s classical mechanical capabilities are governed by the design parameters (mass, geometry, dimensions, etc.) of its kinematic pairs and its architecture (number of limbs, degrees of freedom, actuation ability, etc.). Using Clifford-Algebraic and network theoretic methods, this work presents a novel-theoretical framework which allows any two robot architectures and design parameters to be mathematically related to one another through combinations of discrete operators or ‘reassembling transformations’. Two theoretical case studies involving a 6R manipulator and Klann linkage are furnished in this work.
Safe Motion Planning Based on a New Encoding Technique for Tree Expansion Using Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Bouraine Sara , Azouaoui Ouahiba 
Published: September 2020

SUMMARYRobots are now among us and even though they compete with human beings in terms of performance and efficiency, they still fail to meet the challenge of performing a task optimally while providing strict motion safety guarantees. It is therefore necessary that the future generation of robots evolves in this direction. Generally, in robotics state-of-the-art approaches, the trajectory optimization and the motion safety issues have been addressed separately. An important contribution of this paper is to propose a motion planning method intended to simultaneously solve these two problems in a formal way. This motion planner is dubbed PassPMP-PSO. It is based on a periodic process that interleaves planning and execution for a regular update of the environment’s information. At each cycle,PassPMP-PSOcomputes a safe near-optimal partial trajectory using a new tree encoding technique based on particle swarm optimization (PSO). The performances of the proposed approach are firstly highlighted in simulation environments in the presence of moving objects that travel at high speed with arbitrary trajectories, while dealing with sensors field-of-view limits and occlusions. ThePassPMP-PSOalgorithm is tested for different tree expansions going from 13 to more than 200 nodes. The results show that for a population between 20 and 100 particles, the frequency of obtaining optimal trajectory is 100% with a rapid convergence of the algorithm to this solution. Furthermore, an experiment-based comparison demonstrates the performances ofPassPMP-PSOover two other motion planning methods (thePassPMP, a previous variant ofPassPMP-PSO, and the input space sampling). Finally,PassPMP-PSOalgorithm is assessed through experimental tests performed on a real robotic platform using robot operating system in order to confirm simulation results and to prove its efficiency in real experiments.
Seed germination of mudflat species responds differently to prior exposure to hypoxic (flooded) environments
Authors: Phartyal Shyam S. , Rosbakh Sergey , Poschlod Peter 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMudflats are exposed for short periods after flood water drawdown. They support fast-growing annual herbs with a ruderal strategy. To optimize their recruitment success, seeds of mudflat species germinate better under fluctuating temperatures, full illumination and aerobic environments that indicate the presence of optimal (non-flooded) conditions for plant growth and development. Here, we hypothesize that prior exposure of mudflat seeds to hypoxic (flooded) environment interferes with the germination process and results in more vigorous germination once aerobic conditions are regained. To test this hypothesis, seeds of five mudflat species were incubated in both aerobic and hypoxic environments at four (14/6, 22/14, 22/22 and 30/22°C) temperature regimes, reflecting different (seasonal) conditions when drawdowns may occur. All species responded positively to four temperature regimes; however, moderate 22/14 and 22/22°C temperatures were optimum for high percentages and rates (speed) of seed germination. Since seeds of four species germinated exclusively under aerobic conditions, they were moved from hypoxic to aerobic conditions. Prior exposure of seeds to hypoxic environment facilitated high percentages, rates and synchronization of germination of Limosella aquatica, Peplis portula and Samolus valerandi seeds compared to incubation under strict aerobic conditions. However, prior exposure to hypoxic environment induced secondary dormancy in non-dormant seeds of Hypericum humifusum but broke dormancy in Lythrum hyssopifolia seeds that otherwise required cold stratification to overcome physiological dormancy. All species that have a narrow ecological niche (strictly occurring in mudflat habitats) showed positive responses to prior exposure to hypoxic environments. In contrast, H. humifusum that has a wide ecological niche (from mudflats to moist sandy grasslands) showed a negative response. We conclude that the hypoxic environment may strongly affect seed germination behaviour once the aerobic environment is regained. The most striking effect is the acceleration of the germination process and, therefore, life cycle supporting the survival in an ephemeral habitat.
Airway Clearance Using Suction Devices in Prehospital Combat Casualty Care: A Systematic Review
Authors: Jain Priya , Akhter Forhad , Schoppe Austin , Hood R. Lyle , De Lorenzo Robert A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAirway management is at the forefront for combat medics dealing with battlefield trauma. For military service members, compromised airways are the second leading cause of potentially survivable death on the battlefield, accounting for one in ten preventable combat deaths. Effective suction is a critical component of airway clearance. However, currently available devices are too heavy and bulky to be carried by combat medics and are insufficiently powered. The industry has not responded to the need, with companies continuing to produce models using 1970s technology. A literature review was completed with the assistance of a librarian. The databases searched included: Biomedical Research Database (BRD), Computer Retrieval of Information of Scientific Projects (CRISP), Federal Research in Progress (FEDRIP), Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC), Pub Med/Medline, and OVID. Additionally, a Google Scholar search was performed to identify nonstandard sources. After screening, a total of 40 articles were used. There were no randomized controlled trials or other high-quality evidence that addressed the issues; there was limited peer-reviewed literature on the use, effectiveness, adverse effects, and safety of suction for use in combat casualty care. A review of the available literature revealed no standards, either proposed, validated, or accepted, for the safety or avoidance of adverse effects for portable suction device use in combat casualty care. Similarly, there are no accepted standards to guide the safe use and anticipated adverse effects of suction for use in prehospital combat or emergency care. Nevertheless, there are meaningful data that can be extracted from the few studies available combined with non-clinical studies, narrative reviews and case reports, and expert opinions.
Exploring resilience capacities with food innovators: a narrative approach
Authors: Lindow Megan , Preiser Rika , Biggs Reinette 
Published: September 2020

Non-technical summary
We interviewed grassroots food innovators in South Africa to explore the diverse ways in which their narratives expressed different capacities for resilience, such as dealing with surprise and shaping desirable change. We drew on key resilience themes of rootedness, resourcefulness and resistance (the 3Rs) as lenses through which to view their personal stories and efforts to build resilience and reshape the future. We used narrative and interpretative methods to connect the personal and context-specific experiences of food innovators to the 3Rs, exploring a new approach to uncovering resilience capacities. We suggest that this approach could be usefully employed to understand potential resilience capacities that could help address diverse sustainability challenges around the world.
Algorithmic decomposition for efficient multiple nuclear spin detection in diamond
Authors: Oh Hyunseok , Yun Jiwon , Abobeih M. H. , Jung Kyung-Hoon , Kim Kiho , Taminiau T. H. , Kim Dohun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEfficiently detecting and characterizing individual spins in solid-state hosts is an essential step to expand the fields of quantum sensing and quantum information processing. While selective detection and control of a few 13C nuclear spins in diamond have been demonstrated using the electron spin of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers, a reliable, efficient, and automatic characterization method is desired. Here, we develop an automated algorithmic method for decomposing spectral data to identify and characterize multiple nuclear spins in diamond. We demonstrate efficient nuclear spin identification and accurate reproduction of hyperfine interaction components for both virtual and experimental nuclear spectroscopy data. We conduct a systematic analysis of this methodology and discuss the range of hyperfine interaction components of each nuclear spin that the method can efficiently detect. The result demonstrates a systematic approach that automatically detects nuclear spins with the aid of computational methods, facilitating the future scalability of devices.
Phase behavior study on gas hydrates formation in gas dominant multiphase pipelines with crude oil and high CO2 mixed gas
Authors: Sayani Jai Krishna Sahith , Pedapati Srinivasa Rao , Lal Bhajan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis research is focused on understanding the phase behavior of gas hydrate formation in the gas dominant multiphase pipelines containing mixed gas with high CO2, crude oil, and deionized water. The experimental conditions are in the pressure range of 3–7 MPa with water cut as 20% of the volume. Initially, the effect of high CO2 content in natural gas on the phase boundary conditions of hydrates is studied through simulation (CSMGEM software) and experiments. Later, an additional phase of crude oil was introduced, with 15% of the volume to study the multiphase system. From the experimental analysis, thermodynamic equilibrium conditions were found, and the hydrate-liquid–vapor-equilibrium (HLVE) curves were drawn. The phase behavior is comprehended by comparing the HLVE curves of pure and multiphase systems. It is found that the high CO2 content tends to promote the gas hydrate formation. Based on the results, temperature variance and enthalpy of formation were calculated for the multiphase system. With a difference of 1.32 average temperature variance, the multiphase system exhibits inhibition. A basic statistical regression model was made to predict the gas hydrate formation in multiphase transmission pipelines. This work helps in understanding the effect of a new phase on gas hydrate formation.
Frame overlap Bragg edge imaging
Authors: Busi Matteo , Čapek Jan , Polatidis Efthymios , Hovind Jan , Boillat Pierre , Tremsin Anton S. , Kockelmann Winfried , Strobl Markus 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNeutron Bragg edge imaging enables spatially resolved studies of crystalline features through the exploitation and analysis of Bragg edges in the transmission spectra recorded in each pixel of an imaging detector. Studies with high spectral resolutions, as is required e.g. for high-resolution strain mapping, and with large wavelength ranges have been largely reserved to pulsed neutron sources. This is due to the fact, that the efficiency for high wavelength resolution measurements is significantly higher at short pulse sources. At continuous sources a large fraction of the available neutrons must be sacrificed in order to achieve high wavelength resolution for a relevant bandwidth e.g. through a chopper system. Here we introduce a pulse overlap transmission imaging technique, which is suited to increase the available flux of high wavelength resolution time-of-flight neutron Bragg edge imaging at continuous neutron sources about an order of magnitude. Proof-of-principle measurements utilizing a chopper with a fourfold repeated random slit distribution of eight slits were performed at a thermal neutron beamline. It is demonstrated, that disentanglement of the overlapping pulses is achieved with the correlation theorem for signal processing. Thus, the Bragg edge pattern can be reconstructed from the strongly overlapping Bragg edge spectra recorded and the results demonstrate the feasibility of the technique.
QbD based Eudragit coated Meclizine HCl immediate and extended release multiparticulates: formulation, characterization and pharmacokinetic evaluation using HPLC-Fluorescence detection method
Authors: Qazi Faaiza , Shoaib Muhammad Harris , Yousuf Rabia Ismail , Siddiqui Fahad , Nasiri Muhammad Iqbal , Ahmed Kamran , Muhammad Iyad Naeem , Ahmed Farrukh Rafiq 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study is based on the QbD development of extended-release (ER) extruded-spheronized pellets of Meclizine HCl and its comparative pharmacokinetic evaluation with immediate-release (IR) pellets. HPLC-fluorescence method was developed and validated for plasma drug analysis. IR drug cores were prepared from lactose, MCC, and PVP using water as granulating fluid. Three-level, three-factor CCRD was applied for modeling and optimization to study the influence of Eudragit (RL100-RS100), TEC, and talc on drug release and sphericity of coated pellets. HPLC-fluorescence method was sensitive with LLOQ 1 ng/ml and linearity between 10 and 200 ng/ml with R2 > 0.999. Pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained by non-compartmental analysis and results were statistically compared using logarithmically transformed data, where p > 0.05 was considered as non-significant with a 90% CI limit of 0.8–1.25. The AUC0–t and AUC0–∞ of ER pellets were not significantly different with geometric mean ratio 1.0096 and 1.0093, respectively. The Cmax of IR pellets (98.051 ng/ml) was higher than the ER pellets (84.052 ng/ml) and the Tmax of ER pellets (5.116 h) was higher than the IR pellets (3.029 h). No significant food effect was observed on key pharmacokinetic parameters of ER pellets. Eudragit RL100 (6%) coated Meclizine HCl pellets have a potential therapeutic effect for an extended time period.
NOTCH3 signaling is essential for NF-κB activation in TLR-activated macrophages
Authors: López-López Susana , Monsalve Eva María , Romero de Ávila María José , González-Gómez Julia , Hernández de León Natalia , Ruiz-Marcos Francisco , Baladrón Victoriano , Nueda María Luisa , García-León María Jesús , Screpanti Isabella , Felli María Pía , Laborda Jorge , García-Ramírez José Javier , Díaz-Guerra María José M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMacrophage activation by Toll receptors is an essential event in the development of the response against pathogens. NOTCH signaling pathway is involved in the control of macrophage activation and the inflammatory processes. In this work, we have characterized NOTCH signaling in macrophages activated by Toll-like receptor (TLR) triggering and determined that DLL1 and DLL4 are the main ligands responsible for NOTCH signaling. We have identified ADAM10 as the main protease implicated in NOTCH processing and activation. We have also observed that furin, which processes NOTCH receptors, is induced by TLR signaling in a NOTCH-dependent manner. NOTCH3 is the only NOTCH receptor expressed in resting macrophages. Its expression increased rapidly in the first hours after TLR4 activation, followed by a gradual decrease, which was coincident with an elevation of the expression of the other NOTCH receptors. All NOTCH1, 2 and 3 contribute to the increased NOTCH signaling detected in activated macrophages. We also observed a crosstalk between NOTCH3 and NOTCH1 during macrophage activation. Finally, our results highlight the relevance of NOTCH3 in the activation of NF-κB, increasing p65 phosphorylation by p38 MAP kinase. Our data identify, for the first time, NOTCH3 as a relevant player in the control of inflammation.
Effects of different agronomic practices on the selective soil properties and nitrogen leaching of black soil in Northeast China
Authors: Wang Yujun , Gao Hongjun , Xie Zhonglei , Zhang Lifeng , Ma Xiulan , Peng Chang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractConsidering the large amount and high frequency application of concentrated fertilizer nitrogen in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China, the current laboratory/field simulation study aimed to explore the pollution risk of added nitrogen in black soil to groundwater and identify effective measures to prevent and control soil nitrogen leaching with an undisturbed soil column. The results showed that the saturated nitrogen adsorption capacities increased by 1.7%, 7.7% and 18.5% in ploughing, impervious agent (starch grafted polyacrylic acid) addition, and corn straw returning treatments, respectively, relative to the control (no-till). When the collection volume of the leaching solution reached the experimental maximum (4,000 mL), the total amount of nitrogen leaching from the control soil column (i.e., the no-tillage treatment) accounted for more than 50% of the added nitrogen, indicating a great risk of nitrogen pollution in groundwater. Compared with the no-tillage treatment, the amount of nitrogen leaching from the ploughing treatment increased insignificantly, and the amount of nitrogen leaching in the following spring in the corn straw returning treatment increased by 11.2%. The amount of nitrogen leaching decreased by 12.5% in the soil sampled in autumn of the second year. The total amount of nitrogen leaching in the soil with impervious agents decreased by 40.1%. Therefore, the permeability-reducing agent could significantly reduce underground water pollution risk posed by nitrogen leaching.