bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of rhamnolipid biosurfactant for bio-detergent formulation
Authors: Helmy Q , Gustiani S , Mustikawati AT 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Biosurfactants, also known as biological surface-active agents, are a group of surface-active agents, which are produced by a variety of microorganisms. Biosurfactants possess the characteristic property of lowering surface tension, increase the solubility of poorly soluble compound, low toxicity, non-allergenic, and biodegradable. Growing public awareness about the environmentally friendly health care and associated product has stimulated the search for eco-friendly compounds in laundry detergents. In this research, the application of biosurfactants in the formulation of a washing detergent was investigated. Variation of biosurfactants and its mixture with sodium tripolyphosphate as a builder and sodium sulfate as filler was applied to wash cotton fabric which was contaminated with known amounts of stain (chocolate milk). The effects of various bio-detergent formulations, including the ratio of biosurfactants and builder, was examined. The formulation presented in this study was also compared with some standard detergent for the stains removal efficiency. The results showed that the rhamnolipid biosurfactants have a promising as a substitute for its synthetic counterpart. Based on the colorfastness to wash, color strength (K/S), and color difference (∆E) value, rhamnolipid based bio-detergent have similar washing effectiveness compared to the synthetic detergent. Research result also found that Na-bicarbonate and Na-citrate have the potential as a substitute for phosphate-based detergent builder.
Biomass gasification of candlenut shell and coconut coir with the updraft gasifier method being alternative fuel
Authors: Makaborang M , Kabeko S S , Dethan J J S , Lano M L 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Lately, the use of fossil fuels has caused many environmental problems such as global warming as a result of greenhouse gas emissions, which has led to increased fuel prices and erratic availability. These encouraged the interest of researchers to find alternative fossil fuels sourced from renewable raw materials. Candlenut shells and coconut fiber are high-potential plantation and agricultural commodities in East Nusa Tenggara. Statistical data shows that candlenut production reached 1,262.38 tons, while coconut reached 68,496 tons in 2016. The by-products of shells and coir can be used as a good raw material for the gasification process into alternative fuels. One of the established gasification processes in the industry is updraft gasifier. This research has varied the use of candlenut shells and coconut coir in the range of 0-100% to study the characteristics of its gasification products. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of variations of candlenut shells and coconut coir on syngas ignition time; the effective time of the gasification process, remaining charcoal and ash, the efficiency of the gasification process and to find out the best variation between candlenut shells and coconut fiber on gas products (syngas) updraft gasifier. The results obtained indicate that the process of gasification of candlenut shells and coconut coir using updraft gasifier was very influential at the time of ignition of syngas, and the effective time of gasification. The highest syngas ignition time was obtained in a variation of 50% candlenut and 50% coconut husk which was 43.14 minutes and the lowest was a variation of 0% shells and 100% coconut husk which was 39.75 minutes. While the highest effective time of the gasification process was obtained by variations of 100% candlenut and 0% coconut husk which was 33.13 minutes and the lowest in variations of 75% shells and 25% coconut husk which was 37.40 minutes. The best gasification process was shown in a variation of 50% candlenut shells and 50% coconut husk.
Biogas production using manure from KPBS Pangalengan’s dairy farm and its role in reducing Citarum river pollution
Authors: Widiatmoko Pramujo , Rizkiana Jenny , Yuwono Susilo , Taufiq Mohammad , Hadi Candra Purnama 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Dairy farms have potential to be organic sources (i.e., cow dung) for producing biogas. This paper presents a study on biogas production from a dairy farm in Pangalengan, South Bandung Area, Indonesia. We installed the Tenari Model biogas reactor with 4 m3 volume. The composition and amount of produced biogas were analyzed. Its effects on reducing water contaminants in Citarum River were studied by monitoring the reactor water effluent and mapping the river watershed. The produced biogas could supply daily cooking gas for the farm sufficiently.
Isolation, identification and antimicrobial activity of secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi from annona leaves (Annona squamosa L.) growing in dry land
Authors: Ola Antonius R B , Sugi Yoseph , Lay Caterina S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Research on isolation, identification, and antimicrobial activity of secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi from leaves of Annona squamosa growing in dryland had been undertaken. The work includes the isolation of endophytic fungi, cultivation, and extraction of fungal extract and identification of chemical metabolites together with the antibacterial test. The pure colony of endophytic fungi was grown on solid rice media using 1 L Erlenmeyer flask. The grown fungi were extracted with ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate crude extract was then further subjected to chemical analysis and its antibacterial properties. Endophytic fungi species was identified as Aspergillus niger based on macroscopic and microscopic analysis. Analysis LC-MS/MS had revealed the presence of five metabolites including ephedradine A, ergosine, Ia, mudanpioside H, and trichosanic acid. The extract showed strong inhibition against Staphyloccus aureus with diameter of zone inhibition of 16.1 mm and moderate inhibition against Escherichia coli 0175H7 and Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 6939 with the observed diameter of zone inhibition of 9.6 mm and 11.3 mm, respectively.
Sensitivity analysis of fuzzy simple additive weighting to determine land suitability for corn in Kupang Regency
Authors: Sihotang Dony Martinus 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The change in geographical states, such as weather and climate, makes it difficult for farmers to prepare adequate land for corn cultivation. This research analyses the fuzzy simple additive algorithm used to determine land suitability in Kupang Regency and the use of sensitivity analysis to obtain information on the most sensitive variable(s). Two testing models were conducted in this research, namely, accuracy and sensitivity tests. The result of the accuracy test showed 80% precision, while sensitivity showed that rainfall, soil depth, and C-Organic were highly sensible with a percentage of 100%, followed by slope and soil texture at 66%. Furthermore, the irrigation system, spring, and level of disaster had the same percentage of 33.33%.
Principal component analysis with successive interval in K-Means Cluster Analysis (Study case: Poverty data 2013 in East Nusa Tenggara)
Authors: Tamonob A M , Saefuddin A , Wigena A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
K-Means Cluster is a cluster analysis for continuous variables with the concept ofdistance used is a euclidean distancewhere that distance is used as observation variables, which are uncorrelated with each other. The case with the type of data that is correlated categorical can be solved by making categorical data into numerical data by the method called the successive interval and then used Principal Component Analysis. Applied this method in poverty data of East Nusa Tenggara Province in K-Means clusterobtained that Principal Component Analysis with Successive interval obtained variables that take effect to the cluster formation are toilet, fuel, and job.
Effect of aggressive media on working capacity of composite elements in mechanical engineering
Authors: Koryagin S I , Sharkov O V , Velikanov N L 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Composite elements can improve not only the strength but also the protective properties of engineering products, thus reducing corrosion losses. At present, there is no sufficient study of the environment influence on the working capacity of composite elements, in particular on the decrease of their crack resistance. The article discusses the calculation and experimental methodology, which allows increasing the accuracy and reliability of the assessment of crack resistance of composite elements under the influence of aggressive media. The presented methodology can be implemented without a test facility by testing directly experimental specimens. To determine the magnitude of the crack propagation energy, a mathematical model is proposed that includes only one independent parameter (radius of curvature). The authors investigated qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the effect on the fracture toughness of such aggressive media as machine oil and water. It is shown that the effect of air and machine oil on the crack resistance is approximately the same. A decrease in crack resistance by 1.56-11.1 times is observed under the influence of water. The composite elements based on the VAK-A adhesive composition have the highest crack resistance in aggressive media.
Innovations in engineering: analysis of the increase effect in net present value
Authors: Kirillov Yu , Dragunova E , Kravchenko A , Dorofeeva A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The article discusses the construction of mathematical models for assessing economic conditions under which a positive effect of using loan capital in the implementation of innovative and investment projects in engineering is possible, leading to an increase in net present value (NPV). Based on the constructed models, the authors obtained economic and mathematical relations (linking the parameters of innovation and investment projects: investor profitability standard, loan capital rate, time it was entered into the financial and temporal scheme of the project, the time it began to pay off financial obligations and its duration), which determine the increase effect of NPV due to the corresponding structure of investment capital. In the form of functions of the project parameters, analytical expressions are obtained to determine the critical value of the loan rate, the time of its input, as well as the rate of return on the investor and at which the effect of an increase in the net present value of the project becomes possible. The mathematical relations and the economic conclusions drawn on their basis are backed by practical results, given in a graphic form.
Role of machine building in the development of Russian economy at the present stage
Authors: Bozo N V , Malysheva E V , Filateva N A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Machine building is a leading industry in advanced countries. It provides many industries with machines and equipment as it is the main link in the system of intersectoral linkages. Thus, it secures full employment for highly skilled employees, promotes the growth of the level of educational background of the population and contributes to the development of the scientific and technological potential of the country. However, underinvestment in innovation technologies and processes, a limited character of the import substitution model and an insufficient support of the export model greatly hinder rapid and effective development of the machine-building industry. Specific peculiarities of the machine building development such as R&D intensity, labor intensity, and metal intensity, a need in cooperation and consumer orientation influence their geographic location.
Optimasation of Mechanical Cassava Peeling System Parameters
Authors: Gana I M , Shhu A A , Gbabo A 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study focused on investigations of effects of mechanical parameters (peeling speed, cutter length) and handling parameter (cassava tuber length) of a cassava peeling machines on the machine output (peeling and recovery efficiencies) with the view of optimizing the parameters. The serious issues of existing techniques of peeling cassava are moderately low peeling and recovery efficiencies because of the irregular shape and size of cassava tubers. The results of the trial of the machine utilizing the cassava tubers revealed that all the parameters have significant effects on the peeling and recovery efficiencies of the machine. The cutter length had a more significant impact on the peeling and recovery efficiencies. Maximum values of 83.5 % and 97.2% for peeling and recovery efficiencies respectively, with an attractive quality of 0.864 were achieved from peeling cassava tuber of 50 mm length with cutter length of 2 mm at a speed of 328 rpm. The investigation’s discoveries give the standard machine input parameters which are equipped for improving quality, peeling and recovery efficiencies of a mechanical cassava peeling system.
Molecular Docking simulation and Fluorescence lifetime characteristics of NIR Cyanine Dye Complexes with Albumin
Authors: Kostyukov A , Mestergazi M , Shmykova A , Podrugina T , Pogonin V , Radchenko E , Palyulin V , Borissevitch I , Kuzmin V 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe high sensitivity of modern techniques for lifetime detection opens new significant opportunities for investigation of various processes in the biological media. Here, we report on the novel sub-class of cyanine dyes. We examined the effect of electronic coupling on the optical properties of the complex of the dye with the human serum albumin. TCSPC measurements of fluorescence decay provided evidence that the studied dye generates more than two kinds of complexes with albumin. It was established that the effect of “frozen structure” in complex changes the rate of photoisomerization way of the dye’s excited state degradation. Furthermore, by means of molecular docking, the experimentally proposed mechanism of complex formation and the existence of several binding sites were confirmed.
Surface modification TRIP \ TWIP steels
Authors: Prosvirnin D V , Larionov M D , Kolmakov A G , Larionova A V , Pruckov M E , Pivovarchik S V 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTRIP/TWIP steels have high tensile strength, plasticity, and much higher yield stress then other structural steels. Currently class of TRIP/TWIP steels with austenite-martensite structure is used in highly loaded parts, such as helicopter propeller torsion bars. TRIP steels are most in demand in the automotive industry. However, this steel has a problem with fatigue strength, because martensite of deformation (product of austenite-martensite transformation induced by plastic deformation) is stress concentrator. Surface modification will increase fatigue strength and ductility, as well as high corrosion resistance in aggressive environments. It is supposed to evaluate the effect of a particular chemical element or chemical compound in the interaction with steels with a high austenite content and make first steps towards to technology of Surface modification TRIP\TWIP steels.
Facile synthesis of Ge1−xSnx nanowires
Authors: Xu Ying , Al-Salim Najeh , Lim Teck Hock , Bumby Chris W , Cheong Soshan , Tilley Richard D 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We report a facile one-pot solution phase synthesis of one-dimensional Ge1−x
Sn
x
nanowires. These nanowires were synthesized in situ via a solution-liquid-solid (SLS) approach in which triphenylchlorogermane was reduced by sodium borohydride in the presence of tin nanoparticle seeds. Straight Ge1−x
Sn
x
nanowires were obtained with an average diameter of 60 ± 20 nm and an approximate aspect ratio of 100. Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis revealed that tin was homogeneously incorporated within the germanium lattices at levels up to 10 at%, resulting in a measured lattice constant of 0.5742 nm. The crystal structure and growth orientation of the nanowires were investigated using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The nanowires adopted a face-centred-cubic structure with individual wires exhibiting growth along either the 〈111〉, 〈110〉 or 〈112〉 directions, in common with other group IV nanowires. Growth in the 〈112〉 direction was found to be accompanied by longitudinal planar twin defects.
Serum total indoxyl sulfate and clinical outcomes in hemodialysis patients: results from the Japan Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study
Authors: Yamamoto Suguru , Fuller Douglas S , Komaba Hirotaka , Nomura Takanobu , Massy Ziad A , Bieber Brian , Robinson Bruce , Pisoni Ronald , Fukagawa Masafumi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Uremic toxins are associated with various chronic kidney disease-related comorbidities. Indoxyl sulfate (IS), a protein-bound uremic toxin, reacts with vasculature, accelerating atherosclerosis and/or vascular calcification in animal models. Few studies have examined the relationship of IS with clinical outcomes in a large cohort of hemodialysis (HD) patients.

Methods
We included 1170 HD patients from the Japan Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study Phase 5 (2012–15). We evaluated the associations of serum total IS (tIS) levels with all-cause mortality and clinical outcomes including cardiovascular (CV)-, infectious- and malignancy-caused events using Cox regressions.

Results
The median (interquartile range) serum tIS level at baseline was 31.6 μg/mL (22.6–42.0). Serum tIS level was positively associated with dialysis vintage. Median follow-up was 2.8 years (range: 0.01–2.9). We observed 174 deaths (14.9%; crude rate, 0.06/year). Serum tIS level was positively associated with all-cause mortality [adjusted hazard ratio per 10 μg/mL higher, 1.16; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–1.28]. Association with cause-specific death or hospitalization events, per 10 μg/mL higher serum tIS level, was 1.18 (95% CI 1.04–1.34) for infectious events, 1.08 (95% CI 0.97–1.20) for CV events and 1.02 (95% CI 0.87–1.21) for malignancy events after adjusting for covariates including several nutritional markers.

Conclusions
In a large cohort study of HD patients, serum tIS level was positively associated with all-cause mortality and infectious events.
Selfish algorithm and emergence of collective intelligence
Authors: Mahmoodi Korosh , West Bruce J , Gonzalez Cleotilde 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe propose a model for demonstrating spontaneous emergence of collective intelligent behaviour (i.e. adaptation and resilience of a social system) from selfish individual agents. Agents’ behaviour is modelled using our proposed selfish algorithm ($SA$) with three learning mechanisms: reinforced learning ($SAL$), trust ($SAT$) and connection ($SAC$). Each of these mechanisms provides a distinctly different way an agent can increase the individual benefit accrued through playing the prisoner’s dilemma game ($PDG$) with other agents. $SAL$ generates adaptive reciprocity between the agents with a level of mutual cooperation that depends on the temptation of the individuals to cheat. Adding $SAT$ or $SAC$ to $SAL$ improves the adaptive reciprocity between selfish agents, raising the level of mutual cooperation. Importantly, the mechanisms in the $SA$ are self-tuned by the internal dynamics that depend only on the change in the agent’s own payoffs. This is in contrast to any pre-established reciprocity mechanism (e.g. predefined connections among agents) or awareness of the behaviour or payoffs of other agents. Also, we study adaptation and resilience of the social systems utilizing $SA$ by turning some of the agents to zealots to show that agents reconstruct the reciprocity structure in such a way to eliminate the zealots from getting advantage of a cooperative environment. The implications and applications of the $SA$ are discussed.
A case report: a rare case of severe aortic incompetence
Authors: Sondh Mandeep Singh , Tandon Rohit , Gupta Rajiv , Wander Gurpreet Singh 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Aneurysms of the sinus of Valsalva (SOV) are thin-walled outpouchings most commonly involving the right or non-coronary sinuses. Because they are asymptomatic, they are rarely discovered before they rupture and form an aorto-cardiac fistula. We present a rare case of unruptured aneurysm of the right coronary SOV burrowing into the interventricular septum with severe aortic incompetence and left ventricular dysfunction. To our knowledge, burrowing of the SOV aneurysm (SVA) into the interventricular septum and its large sac-like appearance has never been described using three dimensional (3D) echocardiography before.

Case summary
A 37-year-old man presented to the cardiology outpatient department with complaints of dyspnoea and palpitations (New York Heart Association Class II–III) for the last 6 months. He was evaluated with transthoracic echocardiography which showed a large mobile sac-like structure with irregular borders bulging and prolapsing into the left ventricular cavity with each cardiac cycle along with severe aortic incompetence. On transoesophageal echocardiogram, the right coronary cusp showed malcoaptation with deformed aortic sinus causing severe aortic incompetence. Cardiac computed tomography showed sparing of right coronary artery at the origin. A diagnosis of SVA was made. The patient underwent aortic valve replacement along with partial resection of the aneurysm. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course. Follow-up echocardiography after 4 weeks showed well-seated aortic valve prosthesis with residual SVA. The ejection fraction decreased from 46–48% to 36–38%.

Discussion
Comprehensive multimodality imaging can be used for management strategy of SVA.
Urbanization and Carpobrotus edulis invasion alter the diversity and composition of soil bacterial communities in coastal areas
Authors: Novoa Ana , Keet Jan-Hendrik , Lechuga-Lago Yaiza , Pyšek Petr , Roux Johannes J Le 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTCoastal dunes are ecosystems of high conservation value that are strongly impacted by human disturbances and biological invasions in many parts of the world. Here, we assessed how urbanization and Carpobrotus edulis invasion affect soil bacterial communities on the north-western coast of Spain, by comparing the diversity, structure and composition of soil bacterial communities in invaded and uninvaded soils from urban and natural coastal dune areas. Our results suggest that coastal dune bacterial communities contain large numbers of rare taxa, mainly belonging to the phyla Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. We found that the presence of the invasive C. edulis increased the diversity of soil bacteria and changed community composition, while urbanization only influenced bacterial community composition. Furthermore, the effects of invasion on community composition were conditional on urbanization. These results were contrary to predictions, as both C. edulis invasion and urbanization have been shown to affect soil abiotic conditions of the studied coastal dunes in a similar manner, and therefore were expected to have similar effects on soil bacterial communities. Our results suggest that other factors (e.g. pollution) might be influencing the impact of urbanization on soil bacterial communities, preventing an increase in the diversity of soil bacteria in urban areas.