bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated food safety early warning system in the dairy supply chain using machine learning
Authors: Liu Ningjing , Bouzembrak Yamine , Bulk Leonieke , Gavai Anand , Heuvel Lucas , Marvin Hans 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Traditionally, early warning systems for food safety are based on monitoring targeted food safety hazards. Therefore, food safety risks are generally detected only when the problems have developed too far to allow preventive measures. Successful early warning systems should identify signals that precede the development of a food safety risk. Moreover, such signals could be identified in factors from domains adjacent to the food supply chain, so-called drivers of change and other indicators. In this study, we show for the first time, using the dairy supply chain as an application case, that such drivers and indicators may indeed represent signals that precede the detection of a food safety risk. Using dynamic unsupervised anomaly detection models, anomalies were detected in indicator data expected by domain experts to impact the development of food safety risks in milk. Detrended cross-correlation analysis was used to demonstrate that anomalies in various indicators preceded reports of contaminated milk. Lag times of more than 12 months were observed. Similar results were observed for the 6 largest milk-producing countries in Europe (i.e., Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, and the United Kingdom). Additionally, a Bayesian network was used to identify the food safety hazards associated with an anomaly for the Netherlands. These results suggest that severe changes in domains adjacent to the food supply chain may trigger the development of food safety problems that become visible many months later. Awareness of such relationships will provide the opportunity for food producers or inspectors to take timely measures to prevent food safety problems. A fully automated system for data collection, processing, analysis and warning, such as that presented in this study, may further support the uptake of such an approach.
Validity and reliability of the English and translated Chinese versions of the Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale (IPOS) in Singapore
Authors: Long Victoria , Cheung Yin Bun , Qu Debra , Lim Katherine , Lee Guozhang , Yee Alethea , Guo Ping , Harding Richard , Yang Grace 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Context: Measurement of patient-centred outcomes enables clinicians to focus on patient and family priorities and enables quality of palliative care to be assessed.Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the English and translated Chinese IPOS among advanced cancer patients in Singapore.Methods: IPOS was forward and backward translated from English into Chinese. Structural validity was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis; known-group validity by comparing inpatients and community patients; construct validity by correlating IPOS with Edmonton Symptom Assessment System-revised (ESAS-r) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–General (FACT-G); internal consistency by Cronbach’s alpha; inter-rater reliability between patient and staff responses; test-retest reliability of patient responses between two timepoints.Results: 111 English-responding and 109 Chinese-responding patients participated. The three-factor structure (Physical Symptoms, Emotional Symptoms and Communication and Practical Issues) was confirmed with Comparative Fit Index and Tucker-Lewis-Index > 0.9 and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation < 0.08. Inpatients scored higher than outpatients as hypothesised. Construct validity (Pearson’s correlation coefficient, r≥|0.608|) was shown between the related subscales of IPOS and FACT-G and ESAS-r. Internal consistency was confirmed for total and subscale scores (Cronbach's alpha ≥ 0.84), except for the Communication and Practical Issues subscale (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.29–0.65). Inter-rater reliability (Intra-class correlation coefficient [ICC] ≤ 0.43) between patient and staff responses was insufficient. Test-retest reliability was confirmed with Intra-class correlation coefficient ICC = 0.80 (English) and 0.88 (Chinese) for IPOS Total.Conclusion: IPOS in English and Chinese showed good validity, good internal consistency, and good test-retest reliability, except for the Communication and Practical Issues subscale. There was poor inter-rater reliability between patients and staff.
Protocol for a Randomised Controlled Feasibility Study of Psychologically Informed Vestibular Rehabilitation for People With Persistent Dizziness (INVEST Trial)
Authors: Herdman David Rhys , Norton Sam , Pavlou Marousa , Murdin Louisa , Moss-Morris Rona 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Dizziness is a common complaint that often persists and leads to disability and distress. Several cognitive and behavioural responses may contribute to the neurobiological adaptations that maintain persistent vestibular symptoms. This paper will present the protocol of a two-arm parallel group feasibility randomised controlled trial designed to determine whether a fully powered efficacy trial is achievable by examining the feasibility of recruitment, acceptability and potential benefits of an integrated cognitive behavioural therapy and vestibular rehabilitation (CBT-VR) treatment for people with persistent dizziness. Methods: Forty adult patients will be recruited from a tertiary vestibular clinic with persistent movement triggered dizziness for three months or longer who have moderate-high levels of dizziness handicap. Participants will be 1:1 randomised, using a minimisation procedure, to six sessions (12-14 weeks’) of either CBT-VR (intervention arm) or VR only (control arm). Measures will be collected at baseline and 4 months post randomisation. The primary feasibility outcomes include descriptive data on numbers meeting eligibility criteria, rates of recruitment, numbers retained post randomisation, treatment adherence and an acceptability questionnaire. Treatment effects on self-report outcomes will be estimated to determine that 95% confidence intervals for the effects are consistent with anticipated effects and minimum clinically important differences, and to provide information needed for the power calculation of an efficacy trial. A nested qualitative study will be conducted post-intervention (intervention group only) to explore the acceptability of the intervention and identify any areas in need of improvement. Discussion: If a trial of CBT-VR is feasible, acceptability data will be used to enhance the intervention if needed and refine the multicentre RCT protocol. Future studies will need to consider the training required for other physiotherapists to deliver the intervention.Trial registration: ISRCTN 10420559
Impact of Down-Stream Processing on Functional Properties of Yeasts in Diets of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar): Implications for Gut Health
Authors: Agboola Jeleel , Schiavone Marion , Øverland Margareth , Morales-Lange Byron , Lagos Leidy , Arntzen Magnus , Lapeña David , Eijsink Vincent , Horn Svein , Mydland Liv , François Jean , Mercado Luis , Hansen Jon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Yeasts are becoming popular as novel ingredients in fish feeds because of their potential to support better growth and concomitantly ensure good fish health. Here, three species of yeasts (Cyberlindnera jadinii, Blastobotrys adeninivorans and Wickerhamomyces anomalus), grown on wood sugars and hydrolysates of chicken were subjected to two down-stream processes, either direct heat-inactivation or autolysis, and the feed potential of the resulting yeast preparations was assessed through a feeding trial with Atlantic salmon fry. Histological examination of distal intestine based on widening of lamina propria, showed that autolyzed W. anomalus was effective in alleviating mild intestinal enteritis, while only limited effects were observed for other yeasts. Our results showed that the functionality of yeast in counteracting intestinal enteritis in Atlantic salmon was dependent on both the type of yeast and the down-stream processing method, and demonstrated that C. jadinii and W. anomalus have promising effects on gut health of Atlantic salmon.
Elevated Serum Chloride Level Contributes to the Poor Prognosis of IgA&nbsp;Nephropathy
Authors: Zhai Yaling , Yao Xingchen , Qi Yuanyuan , Gao Jingge , Chen Yazhuo , Wang Xinnian , Zhao Zhanzheng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
IntroductionFinding reliable prognostic factors is crucial for IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Here, we determined the relationship between prognosis of IgAN with serum chloride.MethodsPrimary IgAN diagnosed by renal biopsy from January 1, 2015 to April 1, 2019 were recruited. Patients were divided into lower group and higher group based on the best cut-off value of survival receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. The baseline clinicopathological characteristics were retrospectively compared. Cox proportional hazard models were used to demonstrate the prognostic value of serum chloride in IgAN. Prognosis prediction model was built by multivariate Cox regression. ResultsCompared to higher group , age、24-hour urinary protein and serum creatinine(Cr) in the lower group were significantly lower, hemoglobin(Hb)、albumin were significantly higher(all P<0.05),the degree of endothelial cell proliferation (E) and renal tubule atrophy or renal interstitial fibrosis (T) were significantly lighter (all P<0.05). Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis revealed that serum chloride ≥105.4 mmol/l was an independent risk factor for the prognosis of IgAN(P<0.05). Serum chloride, Cr, T, hypertension, and Hb were screened out as features in predictive prognosis model. The c-index of the model was 0.85、0.82 and 0.77 for 1、2 and 3 years respectively, and brier scores were 0.06 、0.09 and 0.16 respectively. ConclusionsSerum chloride ≥105.4 mmol/l was an independent risk factor for the prognosis of IgAN. A predictive prognosis model including serum chloride, Cr, T, hypertension and Hb exhibited a relatively good prediction effect.
Impact of Preterm Birth and Post-Discharge Growth on Cardiometabolic Outcomes at School Age: A Case Control Study
Authors: Yun Jungha , Jung Young Hwa , Shin Seung Han , Song In Gyu , Lee Young Ah , Shin Choong Ho , Kim Ee-Kyung , Kim Han-Suk 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Adverse metabolic outcomes later in life have been reported among children or young adults who were born small for gestational age. This study was conducted to examine the impact of preterm birth and subsequent growth after hospital discharge on cardiometabolic risks among early school-aged children. Methods: This case-control study included school-aged children born prematurely (n = 60) and at term (n = 110). Body size, fat mass, blood pressure (BP), glucose, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, and lipid profiles were measured. Weight z-score changes between discharge and early school-age period were also calculated, and factors associated with BP and insulin resistance were analyzed.Results: Early school-aged children who were born preterm had lower fat masses, higher systolic BP and diastolic BP, and higher values of fasting glucose, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), compared to children born at term. Preterm birth was correlated with HOMA-IR and BPs after adjusting for various factors, including fat mass index and weight z-score changes. Weight z-score changes were associated with HOMA-IR, but not with BPs. Conclusions: Although early school-aged children born prematurely showed lower weight and fat mass, they had higher BPs, fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, and leptin levels. The associations of preterm birth with cardiometabolic factors were independent of weight, fat mass and weight gain velocity.
The prognostic value of tumor size in penile cancer: A Surveillance,Epidemiology, and End Results database study
Authors: Zheng Wenwen , Zhang Zhiyu , Xie Xilei , Zhu Weiwei , Li Kangqi , Wu Qingna , Chen Jiaojiao , Lu Congxiao , Zhao Quan , Yu Shengqiang , Guo Chenyu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of tumor size on cancer-specific mortality (CSM) and lymph node metastasis for patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC).Method: The patients diagnosed with PSCC between 2004 and 2015 were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Restricted cubic spline functions were calculated to characterize the association between tumor size and the risk of CSM. The competing-risks model was used to evaluate the impact of tumor size on the cumulative incidence of CSM. The logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between tumor size and lymph node metastasis.Results: Totally, 1365 PSCC patients were analyzed, with 52.3% having tumors ≤30 mm, and 47.7% >30 mm. The restricted cubic splines showed that the risks of CSM increased as tumors enlarged. Following adjustment of competing events, the PSCC patients with tumors >30 mm were more likely to succumb to CSM in comparison with those with tumors ≤30 mm (hazard ratio [HR]=1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23-2.01, P<0.001). In subgroup analyses, tumor size >30 mm was significantly associated with an increased risk of CSM relative to tumor size ≤30 mm among patients with T1 (HR=1.56, 95%CI: 1.03-2.37, P=0.036) and T3 (HR=2.51, 95%CI: 1.41-4.45, P=0.002) classifications. On logistic regression analysis, tumors >30 mm were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (odds ratio [OR]=1.46, 95% CI: 1.03-2.07, P=0.034).Conclusion: Larger tumors (>30 mm) were significantly associated with higher risks of CSM and increased likelihood of lymph node metastasis for PSCC patients, which could be integrated into the development of a staging system for penile cancer.
Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Contribution of QMrl-7B to Wheat Root Growth and Development
Authors: Liu Jiajia , Li Hanwen , Zhang Na , Meng Deyuan , Zhi Liya , Ren Xiaoli , Ji Jun , Su Zhenqi , Li Junming , Fan Xiaoli , Song Liqiang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Backgound: Roots are the major organs for water and nutrient acquisition and substantially affect plant growth, development and reproduction. Improvements to root system architecture are highly important for increasing yield potential of bread wheat. QMrl-7B, a major stable quantitative trait locus (QTL) that controls maximum root length (MRL), strongly contributes to an improved root system in wheat. Results: To further analyse the biological functions of QMrl-7B in root development, two types of Triticum aestivum near isogenic lines (NILs), one with superior QMrl-7B alleles from cultivar Kenong 9204 (KN9204) and another with inferior QMrl-7B alleles from cultivar Jing 411 (J411), were subjected to transcriptomic analysis. Among all the mapped genes analysed, 4871 genes were identified as being differentially expressed between the pairwise NILs under different nitrogen (N) conditions, with 3543 genes expressed under normal-nitrogen (NN) condition and 2689 genes expressed under low-nitrogen (LN) condition. These genes encode proteins that include mainly NO3- transporters, phytohormone signalling components and transcription factors (TFs), indicating the presence of a complex regulatory network involved in root determination. In addition, among the 13524 LN-induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) detected in this assay, 4308 were specifically expressed in the A-NIL which brings superior alleles, and 2463 were expressed specifically in the B-NIL which brings inferior alleles. These DEGs reflect different responses of the two types of NILs to varying N supplies, which likely involve LN-induced root growth. Conclusions: These results explain the better-developed root system and increased root vitality provided by the superior alleles of QMrl-7B and provide a deeper understanding of the genetic underpinnings of root traits, pointing to a valuable locus suitable for future breeding efforts for sustainable agriculture.
Prevalence of Use of Smart Devices in Children Aged Five Years or Less and Associated Factors in Kuwait
Authors: Shamsah Abdullah , Al-Twari Basma , Jamal Fatma , Al-farhan Latifa , Al-mass Madawi , Al-majran Abdullah , Shamsah Sara 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThis study aimed to find prevalence of use of smart devices in children aged five years or less and associated factors in KuwaitMethodsA cross-sectional study of 964 parents conducted by distributing a questionnaire. Following the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommendations for the smart devices use in children, our population was divided into two groups (less than 2 years old and 2-5 years old).Results Reported prevalence of use was 53.2% in children less than 2 years old and 86.3% in 2-5 years old. A significantly higher mean age of fathers was seen in children who used smart devices compared to those who did not in both age groups. The use of smart devices in children less than 2 years was significantly associated with Kuwaiti nationality, family income and governorate. In addition, the higher the family income, the more the use of smart devices. The highest use of smart devices was seen in Capital (60%) and Ahmadi (58.3%). While the lowest was seen in Jahra (30%). In both age groups, most of the parents who reported the smart devices use in their children knew that its use at early age might harm their child. ConclusionYoung children use of smart devices is prevalent in Kuwait. Campaigns need to be carried out to increase parents’ knowledge about the potential risks of smart devices on children’s brains and development.
The Effects of Interval Training on Peripheral Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) In Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: García-Suárez Patricia , Rentería Iván , Plaisance Eric , Moncada-Jiménez José , Jiménez-Maldonado Alberto 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The aim of the current meta-analysis was to determine the effects of acute and chronic interval training (IT) on peripheral BDNF concentrations in healthy young adults. A literature search was performed using six databases until February 2020. The TESTEX scale was used to assess the quality of studies. Effect sizes (ES) were computed and two-tailed α values <0 .05 and non-overlapping 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were considered statistically significant. Heterogeneity, inconsistency (I2), and small-study effects using the Luis Furuya-Kanamori (LFK) index were examined. Fifteen studies (n=277 participants, age =24±3 yr.) were included. The overall effects of IT on circulating BDNF concentrations were moderate and non-significant (ES =0.64, 95%CI = -0.01, 1.30, heterogeneous (p<0.001), highly inconsistent (I2=90%), and with major asymmetry (LFK index =2.85). The acute effect of IT on peripheral BDNF levels was large and significant (ES =1.22, 95%CI =0.08), homogenous (p<0.001), with considerable inconsistency (I2=93%), and major asymmetry (LFK index =3.34). The chronic effect of IT on circulating BDNF was large and significant (ES =0.93, 95%CI =0.40), homogenous (p<0.001), with moderate inconsistency (I2=70%), and minor asymmetry (LFK index =1.21). Acute and chronic IT, elicited a moderate increase in peripheral BDNF concentrations in a healthy young population.
Glioblastoma Invasion Factor ODZ1 is Induced by Microenvironmental Signals Through Activation of A Stat3-Dependent Transcriptional Pathway&nbsp;
Authors: Vidal Veronica , Gutierrez Olga , Talamillo Ana , Velasquez Carlos , Fernandez-Luna Jose 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We have previously shown that the transmembrane protein ODZ1 serves for glioblastoma (GBM) cells to invade the surrounding tissue through activation of RhoA/ROCK pathway. However, the transcriptional machinery used by GBM cells to regulate the expression of ODZ1 is unknown. Here we show that interaction with tumor microenvironment elements, mainly activated monocytes through IL-6 secretion, and the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin, induces the Stat3 transcriptional pathway and upregulates ODZ1 which results in GBM cell migration. This signaling route is abrogated by blocking the IL-6 receptor, inhibiting Jak kinases or knocking down Stat3. Furthermore, we have identified a Stat3 responsive element in the ODZ1 gene promoter, about 1 kb from the transcription start site. Luciferase-reporter assays confirmed that the promoter responds to the presence of monocytic cells and this activation is greatly reduced when the Stat3 site is mutated or following treatment with a neutralizing anti-IL-6 receptor antibody or transfecting GBM cells with a dominant negative variant of Stat3. Overall, we show that monocyte-secreted IL-6 and the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin activate the axis Stat3-ODZ1 and promote migration of GBM cells. This is the first described transcriptional mechanism used by tumor cells to promote the expression of the invasion factor ODZ1.
Specific Contribution of Neurons From the Dbx1 Lineage to The Piriform Cortex
Authors: Shabangu Thando , Chen Hung-Lun , Zhuang Zi-hui , Pierani Alessandra , Chen Chien-Fu , Chou Shen-Ju 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The piriform cortex (PC) is a major cortical processing center for the sense of smell that receives direct inputs from the olfactory bulb. In mice, the PC consists of three neuronal layers, which are populated by cells with distinct developmental origins. One of developmental origins of PC is the Dbx1-expressing neural progenitors located in the ventral pallium at the pallial-subpallial boundary. Since the precise mechanisms of PC neuron development are largely unknown, we sought to define the distribution, timing of neurogenesis, morphology and projection patterns of PC neurons from the Dbx1 lineage. We found that Dbx1-lineage neurons are preferentially distributed in layer 2 and enriched in the ventral portion of the PC. Further, Dbx1 neurons are early-born neurons that contribute to most neuronal subtypes in the PC. Our data also revealed an enrichment of Dbx1-lineage neurons located in the ventral anterior PC that project to the orbitofrontal cortex. These findings suggest a specific association between developmental origin of PC neurons and their neuronal properties.
Frequency Domain Measurements of Melt Pool Recoil Force Using Modal Analysis
Authors: Cullom Tristan , Lough Cody , Altese Nicholas , Bristow Douglas , Landers Robert , Brown Ben , Hartwig Troy , Barnard Andrew , Blough Jason , Johnson Kevin , Kinzel Edward 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Recoil pressure is a critical factor affecting the melt pool dynamics during Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) processes. Recoil pressure depresses the melt pool, providing layer-to-layer fusion without introducing porosity. If the recoil pressure is too low, the process operates in a conduction mode where layers will not properly fuse, while excessive recoil pressure leads to a keyhole mode, which results in gas porosity. Direct recoil pressure measurements are challenging because it is localized over an area proportionate to the laser spot size producing a force in the mN range. This paper reports a vibration-based approach to quantify the recoil force exerted on a part in a commercial LPBF machine. The measured recoil force is consistent with estimates from high speed synchrotron imaging of entrained particles, and the results show that the recoil force scales with applied laser power and is inversely related to the laser scan speed. These results facilitate further studies of melt pool dynamics and have the potential to aid process development for new materials.