bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
290 COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF CORTICOSTEROIDS FORMULATIONS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF EOSINOPHILIC OESOPHAGITIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND NETWORK META-ANALYSIS.
Authors: Ma C , Feagan B , Claveau D , Landry L , Baribeau V , Beauchemin C 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Topical corticosteroids are the foundation of pharmacologic treatment for eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) and administered mainly as nebulized swallowed fluticasone or budesonide viscous solution (BVS). Recently, a budesonide orodispersible tablet (BOT) has been approved for the treatment of EoE. The ideal formulation of topical corticosteroid delivery is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to compare the efficacy of BOT with other topical corticosteroid formulations for achieving histological remission in adult patients with EoE in a network meta-analysis (NMA).

Methods
A systematic literature review was performed using Medline and EMBASE from 1990 to July 2019. Eligible studies evaluated adult patients with a diagnosis of EoE treated with a topical corticosteroid in a randomized controlled trial. The outcome of interest was the proportion of patients achieving induction of histological remission (peak esophageal eosinophil count &lt;5 eosinophils/high-power field). Direct comparisons were performed using the Mantel–Haenszel method and an NMA was performed using a fixed effect Bayesian framework with Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulations. Heterogeneity between studies was analyzed using the Cochrane Q test and consistency was verified.

Results
The search yielded 321 references and 6 (447 patients) were included in the quantitative summary. In the NMA, all formulations of topical corticosteroids were associated with greater histological remission rates than placebo. BOT was associated with a significantly higher rate of histological remission compared to BVS (odds ratio [OR] = 4.9; 95% credible interval [CrI] = 1.4,19.1), fluticasone (OR = 7.4; 95%CrI = 1.7,34.5), nebulized swallowed budesonide (NSB) (OR = 25.0; 95%CrI = 2.9,247.2) and placebo (OR = 387.6; 95%CrI = 97.5,2275.6). Similar trends were shown in direct comparisons. Analysis of the ranking of treatment options based on probability of effectiveness found BOT to be most probable followed by BVS, fluticasone, NSB, and placebo, consecutively.

Conclusion
This NMA of randomized controlled trials suggests that BOT is significantly more likely to achieve histological remission in adult patients with EoE compared to BVS, fluticasone, and NSB. We hypothesize that the superiority of BOT is related to increased contact time and targeting all inflammatory sites in the oesophagus, in contrast to other formulations. This NMA suggest that BOT is the first choice therapy amongst topical corticosteroids for the management of EoE.
324 INTRALUMINAL CONTINUOUS DECOMPRESSION USING A COMPUTER-CONTROLLED PORTABLE VACUUM PUMP FOR CONTROLLING CERVICAL ANASTOMOTIC LEAKAGE AFTER SUBTOTAL ESOPHAGECTOMY
Authors: Kaneko T , Shichinohe T , Uemura S , Narasaki H , Miyasaka D , Ebihara Y , Kurashima Y , Murakami S , Hirano S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Anastomotic leakage is one of the major complications that can occur after an esophagectomy. Usually, preemptive surgical intervention with prompt open drainage by cervical incision is the first choice. In our department, on the other hand, we perform intraluminal continuous decompression (ILCD) using a computer-controlled portable vacuum pump system (Thopaz®) as first-line therapy for leakage of the cervical anastomosis. In this study, we examine the effectiveness of this management.

Methods
Thirty-eight patients who underwent esophagectomy and cervical anastomosis and were diagnosed with leakage between May 2005 and October 2019, were studied. Until July 2014, cervical incision was generally performed, and ILCD or nasoesophageal extraluminal drainage (NEED) was added in some cases (conventional group). Since August 2014, we have performed ILCD and have added NEED in patients for whom ILCD was ineffective. A cervical incision was made for refractory cases (ILCD group). These two groups were analyzed statistically. Fifteen (39.5%) of the 38 patients were treated as the conventional group, and the remaining 23 (60.5%) were treated as the ILCD group.

Results
Thirteen patients in the conventional group (86.7%) required a cervical incision. Eight patients in the ILCD group (34.8%) underwent cervical incision and 9 (39.1%) underwent NEED. Drinking water orally was resumed at a median (range) of 35 (6–284) days from leakage in the conventional group and 18 (0–111) days from leakage in the ILCD group. The time to oral drinking was significantly shorter in the ILCD group (p = 0.0365). Six patients in the conventional group (40%) and one patient in the ILCD group (4.3%) had Clavien-Dindo IIIb or higher complications, indicating a significantly lower rate in the ILCD group (p = 0.0096).

Conclusion
The ILCD as first-line therapy is a minimally invasive treatment that effectively prevents exacerbation of leakage after subtotal esophagectomy.
A Granulocytic Signature Identifies COVID-19 and Its Severity
Authors: Vitte Joana , Diallo Aïssatou Bailo , Boumaza Asma , Lopez Alexandre , Michel Moïse , Allardet-Servent Jérôme , Mezouar Soraya , Sereme Youssouf , Busnel Jean-Marc , Miloud Tewfik , Malergue Fabrice , Morange Pierre-Emmanuel , Halfon Philippe , Olive Daniel , Leone Marc , Mege Jean-Louis 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
An unbiased approach to SARS-CoV-2–induced immune dysregulation has not been undertaken so far. We aimed to identify previously unreported immune markers able to discriminate COVID-19 patients from healthy controls and to predict mild and severe disease.

Methods
An observational, prospective, multicentric study was conducted in patients with confirmed mild/moderate (n = 7) and severe (n = 19) COVID-19. Immunophenotyping of whole-blood leukocytes was performed in patients upon hospital ward or intensive care unit admission and in healthy controls (n = 25). Clinically relevant associations were identified through unsupervised analysis.

Results
Granulocytic (neutrophil, eosinophil, and basophil) markers were enriched during COVID-19 and discriminated between patients with mild and severe disease. Increased counts of CD15+CD16+ neutrophils, decreased granulocytic expression of integrin CD11b, and Th2-related CRTH2 downregulation in eosinophils and basophils established a COVID-19 signature. Severity was associated with emergence of PD-L1 checkpoint expression in basophils and eosinophils. This granulocytic signature was accompanied by monocyte and lymphocyte immunoparalysis. Correlation with validated clinical scores supported pathophysiological relevance.

Conclusions
Phenotypic markers of circulating granulocytes are strong discriminators between infected and uninfected individuals as well as between severity stages. COVID-19 alters the frequency and functional phenotypes of granulocyte subsets with emergence of CRTH2 as a disease biomarker.
Alzheimer Disease Pathogenesis: The Role of Autoimmunity
Authors: Lim Bryant , Prassas Ioannis , Diamandis Eleftherios P 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn addition to deposits of amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, growing evidence demonstrates that complex and multifaceted biological processes can arise during Alzheimer disease (AD) pathogenesis. The recent failures of clinical trials based on the amyloid hypothesis and the presence of Aβ plaques in cognitively healthy elderly persons without AD point toward a need to explore novel pathobiological mechanisms of AD.ContentIn the search for alternative AD mechanisms, numerous genome-wide association studies and mechanistic discoveries suggest a potential immunologic component of the disease. However, new experimental tools are needed to uncover these immunogenic components. The current methods, such as ELISAs or protein microarrays, have limitations of low throughput and/or sensitivity and specificity. In this article, we briefly discuss evidence of potential autoimmune contributions to AD pathobiology, describe the current methods for identifying autoantibodies in patient fluids, and outline our own efforts to develop new techniques for novel autoantibody biomarker discovery.SummaryUncovering the putative autoimmune components of AD may be crucial in paving the way to new concepts for pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy.Impact StatementIn addition to deposits of amyloid β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, growing evidence demonstrates that complex and multifaceted biological processes can arise during Alzheimer disease (AD) pathogenesis. Numerous research directions, including genome-wide association, clinical correlation, and mechanistic studies, have pointed to a potential autoimmunologic contribution to AD pathology. We present research suggesting the association between autoimmunity and AD and demonstrate the need for new laboratory techniques to further characterize potential brain antigen-specific autoantibodies. Uncovering the putative autoimmune components of AD may be crucial in paving the way to new concepts for pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy.
Patient interest in and barriers to telemedicine video visits in a multilingual urban safety-net system
Authors: Khoong Elaine C , Butler Blythe A , Mesina Omar , Su George , DeFries Triveni B , Nijagal Malini , Lyles Courtney R 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective
To determine interest in and barriers to video visits in safety-net patients with diverse age, racial/ethnic, or linguistic background.

Materials and Methods
We surveyed patients in an urban safety-net system to assess: interest in video visits; ability to successfully complete test video visits; and barriers to successful completion of test video visits.

Results
Among 202 participants, of which 177 (87.6%) were persons of color and 113 (55.9%) preferred non-English languages, 132 (65.3%) were interested in and 109 (54.0%) successfully completed a test video visit. Younger age, non-English preference, and prior smartphone application use were associated with interest. Over half (n = 112) reported barriers to video visits; Internet/data access was the most common barrier (n = 50, 24.8%).

Conclusion
Safety-net patients are interested in video visits and able to successfully complete test visits. Internet or mobile data access is a common barrier in even urban safety-net settings and may impact equitable telemedicine access.
Validation of the SafTest Percent Fat for the Measurement of the Fat Content of Meat Meals, Fish Meal, and Potato Chips, Crackers, and Other and Grain-Based Snack Products: AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM #082004
Authors: Gordon Virginia C , Rainey Christopher C , Studmire Willainia C 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
The Official American Oil Chemists Society (AOCS) Standard Procedure Aa 4–38, AOCS Standard Procedure Am 5–04, ISO 11085:2015, and similar methods are based on extraction of fats from food products using organic solvents. These methods require large volumes of organic solvents and up to 18-hour extractions. The SafTest Percent Fat measures fat content as “total triglycerides” in solubilized snack products and meals using micro-analytical and membrane separation principles.

Objective
The study objective is to validate the SafTest Percent Fat in an internal study and an independent laboratory study.

Method
Comparability to AOCS Standard Procedure Aa 4–38 or AOCS Standard Procedure Am 5–04, LOQ, selectivity, robustness, stability, and consistency were determined.

Results
Mean recoveries from replicate analyses of SafTest control samples at three concentrations yielded 101 to 103%. The relative standard deviations of repeatability (RSDr) were below 5%. Studies of meat meals and snacks analyzed using the SafTest Percent Fat demonstrated RSDr of 2.3 to 5.6% compared to 2.6 to 4.9% for AOCS Aa 4–38. The method demonstrated average recoveries ranging from 88.8 to 116.2% compared to the AOCS methods results performed in two contract laboratory studies and an independent laboratory validation.

Conclusions
The SafTest Percent Fat test can determine fat content in meals and snack matrices with accuracy and precision comparable to results from AOCS Aa 4–38 and AOCS Am 5–04.

Highlights
The SafTest Percent Fat test uses small reagent volumes, instrumental analysis, easy-to-use standardized procedures, and rapid analysis times for fat content determination.
Practical implementation of high-resolution electron ptychography and comparison with off-axis electron holography
Authors: Blackburn Arthur M , McLeod Robert A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Ptychography is a coherent diffractive imaging technique that can determine how an electron wave is transmitted through an object by probing it in many small overlapping regions and processing the diffraction data obtained at each point. The resulting electron transmission model describes both phase and amplitude changes to the electron wave. Ptychography has been adopted in transmission electron microscopy in recent years following advances in high-speed direct electron detectors and computer algorithms which now make the technique suitable for practical applications. Its ability to retrieve quantitative phase information at high spatial resolution makes it a plausible alternative or complement to electron holography. Furthermore, unlike off-axis electron holography, it can provide phase information without an electron bi-prism assembly or the requirement of a minimally structured region adjacent to the region of interest in the object. However, it does require a well-calibrated scanning transmission electron microscope and a well-managed workflow to manage the calibration, data acquisition and reconstruction process to yield a practical technique. Here we detail this workflow and highlight how this is greatly assisted by acquisition management software. Through experimental data and modelling we also explore the similarities and differences between high-resolution ptychography and electron holography. Both techniques show a dependence of the recovered phase on the crystalline orientation of the material which is attributable to dynamical scattering. However, the exact nature of the variation differs reflecting fundamental expectations, but nonetheless equally useful information is obtained from electron holography and the ptychographically determined object transmission function.
Carrot hairy roots: factories for secondary metabolite production
Authors: Pedreño María A , Almagro Lorena 
Published: September 2020

This article comments on:Barba-Espín G, Chen S-T, Agnolet S, Hegelund JN, Stanstrup J, Christensen JH, Müller R, Lütken H. 2020. Ethephon-induced changes in antioxidants and phenolic compounds in anthocyanin-producing black carrot hairy root cultures. Journal of Experimental Botany 71, 7030–7045.
On the lineage of Aspergillus fumigatus isolates in common laboratory use
Authors: Bertuzzi Margherita , van Rhijn Norman , Krappmann Sven , Bowyer Paul , Bromley Michael J , Bignell Elaine M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

The origin of isolates routinely used by the community of Aspergillus fumigatus researchers is periodically a matter of intense discussion at our centre, as the construction of recombinant isolates have sometimes followed convoluted routes, the documentation describing their lineages is fragmented, and the nomenclature is confusing. As an aide memoir, not least for our own benefit, we submit the following account and tabulated list of strains (Table 1) in an effort to collate all of the relevant information in a single, easily accessible document. To maximise the accuracy of this record we have consulted widely amongst the community of Medical Mycologists using these strains. All the strains described are currently available from one of these organisations, namely the Fungal Genetics Stock Centre (FGSC), FungiDB, Ensembl Fungi and The National Collection of Pathogenic Fungi (NCPF) at Public Health England. Display items from this manuscript are also featured on FungiDB.

Lay abstract
We present a concise overview on the definition, origin and unique genetic makeup of the Aspergillus fumigatus isolates routinely in use by the fungal research community, to aid researchers to describe past and new strains and the experimental differences observed more accurately.
The neutral hydrogen distribution in large-scale haloes from 21-cm intensity maps
Authors: Tramonte Denis , Ma Yin-Zhe 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We detect the neutral hydrogen (H i) radial brightness temperature profile in large-scale haloes by stacking 48 430 galaxies selected from the 2dFGRS catalogue on to a set of 21-cm intensity maps obtained with the Parkes radio telescope, spanning a total area of ∼1300 deg2 on the sky and covering the redshift range 0.06 ≲ z ≲ 0.10. Maps are obtained by removing both 10 and 20 foreground modes in the principal component analysis. We perform the stack at the map level and extract the profile from a circularly symmetrized version of the halo emission. We detect the H i halo emission with the significance 12.5σ for the 10-mode and 13.5σ for the 20-mode removed maps at the profile peak. We jointly fit for the observed halo mass Mv and the normalization $c_{0,\rm H\, \small{I}}$ for the H i concentration parameter against the reconstructed profiles, using functional forms for the H i halo abundance proposed in the literature. We find $\log _{10}{(M_{\rm v}/\text{M}_{\odot })}= 16.1^{+0.1}_{-0.2}$, $c_{0,\rm H\, \small{I}}=3.5^{+0.7}_{-1.0}$ for the 10-mode and $\log _{10}{(M_{\rm v}/\text{M}_{\odot })}= 16.5^{+0.1}_{-0.2}$, $c_{0,\rm H\, \small{I}}=5.3^{+1.1}_{-1.7}$ for the 20-mode removed maps. These estimates show the detection of the integrated contribution from multiple galaxies located inside very massive haloes. We also consider subsamples of 13 979 central and 34 361 satellite 2dF galaxies separately, and obtain marginal differences suggesting satellite galaxies are H i-richer. This work shows for the first time the feasibility of testing theoretical models for the H i halo content directly on profiles extracted from 21-cm maps and opens future possibilities for exploiting upcoming H i intensity-mapping data.
How do central and satellite galaxies quench? – Insights from spatially resolved spectroscopy in the MaNGA survey
Authors: Bluck Asa F L , Maiolino Roberto , Piotrowska Joanna M , Trussler James , Ellison Sara L , Sánchez Sebastian F , Thorp Mallory D , Teimoorinia Hossen , Moreno Jorge , Conselice Christopher J 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We investigate how star formation quenching proceeds within central and satellite galaxies using spatially resolved spectroscopy from the SDSS-IV MaNGA DR15. We adopt a complete sample of star formation rate surface densities (ΣSFR), derived in Bluck et al. (2020), to compute the distance at which each spaxel resides from the resolved star forming main sequence (ΣSFR − Σ* relation): ΔΣSFR. We study galaxy radial profiles in ΔΣSFR, and luminosity weighted stellar age (AgeL), split by a variety of intrinsic and environmental parameters. Via several statistical analyses, we establish that the quenching of central galaxies is governed by intrinsic parameters, with central velocity dispersion (σc) being the most important single parameter. High mass satellites quench in a very similar manner to centrals. Conversely, low mass satellite quenching is governed primarily by environmental parameters, with local galaxy overdensity (δ5) being the most important single parameter. Utilizing the empirical MBH − σc relation, we estimate that quenching via AGN feedback must occur at $M_{\rm BH} \ge 10^{6.5-7.5} \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$, and is marked by steeply rising ΔΣSFR radial profiles in the green valley, indicating ‘inside-out’ quenching. On the other hand, environmental quenching occurs at overdensities of 10–30 times the average galaxy density at z∼ 0.1, and is marked by steeply declining ΔΣSFR profiles, indicating ‘outside-in’ quenching. Finally, through an analysis of stellar metallicities, we conclude that both intrinsic and environmental quenching must incorporate significant starvation of gas supply.
How many components? Quantifying the complexity of the metallicity distribution in the Milky Way bulge with APOGEE
Authors: Rojas-Arriagada Alvaro , Zasowski Gail , Schultheis Mathias , Zoccali Manuela , Hasselquist Sten , Chiappini Cristina , Cohen Roger E , Cunha Katia , Fernández-Trincado José G , Fragkoudi Francesca , García-Hernández D A , Geisler Doug , Gran Felipe , Lian Jianhui , Majewski Steven , Minniti Dante , Monachesi Antonela , Nitschelm Christian , Queiroz Anna B A 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We use data of ∼13 000 stars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey/Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment survey to study the shape of the bulge metallicity distribution function (MDF) within the region |ℓ| ≤ 11° and |b| ≤ 13°, and spatially constrained to RGC ≤ 3.5 kpc. We apply Gaussian mixture modelling and non-negative matrix factorization decomposition techniques to identify the optimal number and the properties of MDF components. We find that the shape and spatial variations of the MDF (at [Fe/H] ≥ −1 dex) are well represented as a smoothly varying contribution of three overlapping components located at [Fe/H] = +0.32, −0.17, and −0.66 dex. The bimodal MDF found in previous studies is in agreement with our trimodal assessment once the limitations in sample size and individual measurement errors are taken into account. The shape of the MDF and its correlations with kinematics reveal different spatial distributions and kinematical structure for the three components co-existing in the bulge region. We confirm the consensus physical interpretation of metal-rich stars as associated with the secularly evolved disc into a boxy/peanut X-shape bar. On the other hand, metal-intermediate stars could be the product of in-situ formation at high redshift in a gas-rich environment characterized by violent and fast star formation. This interpretation would help us to link a present-day structure with those observed in formation in the centre of high-redshift galaxies. Finally, metal-poor stars may correspond to the metal-rich tail of the population sampled at lower metallicity from the study of RR Lyrae stars. Conversely, they could be associated with the metal-poor tail of the early thick disc.
OH maser towards IRAS 06056+2131: polarization parameters and evolution status
Authors: Darwish M S , Richards A M S , Etoka S , Edris K A , Saad S M , Beheary M M , Fuller G A 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We present high-angular resolution observations of OH maser emission towards the high-mass star-forming region IRAS 06056+2131. The observations were carried out using the UK radio interferometer array, Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network (MERLIN) in the OH main lines at 1665 and 1667 MHz, in addition to the OH satellite line at 1720 MHz. The results of this study reveal the small upper limit to the size of emission in the 1665-MHz line with an estimated total intensity of ∼4 Jy. We did not detect any emission from the 1667 and 1720-MHz lines. The full polarization mode of MERLIN enables us to investigate the magnetic field in the OH maser region. In this transition, a Zeeman pair is identified from which a magnetic strength of ∼−1.5 mG is inferred. Our results show that IRAS 06056+2131 is highly polarized, with ∼ 96 ${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ circular polarization and ∼6 ${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ linear polarization. The linear polarization angle is ∼29°, implying a magnetic field which could be aligned with the outflow direction detected towards this region, but the actual magnetic field direction has an uncertainty of up to 110° due to the possible effects of Faraday rotation. The star-forming evolutionary status of the embedded protostellar object is discussed.