bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward the bigger picture: Concrete and abstract thinking about a transgression, and the role of time in interpersonal forgiveness
Authors: Wenzel Michael , Coughlin Anne‐Marie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRumination is commonly considered detrimental to forgiveness. In contrast, we propose that different forms of post‐transgression thinking are differentially effective for forgiveness, depending on their timing. Concrete thinking focuses on event details, whereas abstract thinking abstracts from details and views the event in a broader context. Following construal level theory, we propose that concrete thinking is increasingly ill‐matched, and abstract thinking better matched, to the construal abilities and motivation afforded by psychological distance. Hence, over time, concrete thinking would be negatively, and abstract thinking positively, associated with forgiveness. Two correlational recall studies, with time since transgression measured (Study 1) or manipulated (Study 2), demonstrated that with greater temporal distance concrete thinking was more negatively, and abstract thinking more positively, related to forgiveness. Study 3 employed a prospective‐longitudinal methodology over five time‐points; intra‐individual decrease in concrete thinking and increase in abstract thinking over time were related to higher levels of forgiveness.
A deep learning approach for detecting tic disorder using wireless channel information
Authors: Barua Arnab , Dong Chunxi , Yang Xiaodong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWireless signal technology performs a key role in the research area of medical science to detect diseases that are associated with the human gesture. Recently, wireless channel information (WCI) has received vast consideration because of its potential practice of detecting the human behavior. In this article, we present the convolutional neural network (CNN) model to classify WCI‐based image data and determine the involuntary movement (tic disorder) diseases. Motor and vocal are two aspects of tic disorder and depend on the amount of complication, both aspects classified into the simple and complex group, and each group has several symptoms. Using WCI data of symptoms from the simple and complex group of motor aspects, we form a dataset to train the CNN model. Experimental results show that CNN provides satisfying result in classification, and accuracy is more than 97%.
Estimation of solar‐to‐fuel energy conversion efficiency of a solar driven samarium oxide‐based thermochemical CO2 splitting cycle
Authors: Bhosale Rahul R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEstimation of the solar‐to‐fuel energy conversion efficiency (with and without heat recuperation) of the Sm2O3/SmO‐based solar‐driven thermochemical CO2 splitting cycle is reported. HSC Chemistry 9.9 software and its thermodynamic database were utilized for the thermodynamic analysis. The temperatures required for the partial thermal reduction (TR) of Sm2O3 and the reoxidation of SmO via CO2 splitting (CS) reaction were identified. The thermodynamic modeling equations and the process flow configuration for the Sm2O3/SmO‐based CO2 splitting (Sm‐CS) cycle were formulated. The obtained results indicate that a higher quantity of solar energy input was needed to increase the percentage of partial TR of Sm2O3. The solar‐to‐fuel energy conversion efficiency (without heat recuperation) was first increased up to 9.13% for 50% of TR‐Sm and then decreased to 6.54% as the %TR‐Sm further enhanced to 100%. The application of heat recuperation was beneficial not only to increase the solar‐to‐fuel energy conversion efficiency but also to decrease the TR temperature required for the attainment of the maximum efficiency value. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incentivizing efficient utilization without reducing access: The case against cost‐sharing in insurance
Authors: Fels Markus 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCost‐sharing is regarded as an important tool to reduce moral hazard in health insurance. Contrary to standard prediction, however, such requirements are found to decrease utilization both of efficient and of inefficient care. I employ a simple model that incorporates two possible explanations—consumer mistakes and limited access—to assess the welfare implications of different insurance designs. I find cost‐sharing never to be an optimal solution as it produces two novel inefficiencies by limiting access. An alternative design, relying on bonuses, has no such side effects and achieves the same incentivization. I show how the optimal design can be deduced empirically and discuss possible impediments to its implementation.
Efficacy of an Inhibitor of Hepatitis B Virus Expression in Combination With Entecavir and Interferon‐α in Woodchucks Chronically Infected With Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus
Authors: Menne Stephan , Wildum Steffen , Steiner Guido , Suresh Manasa , Korolowicz Kyle , Balarezo Maria , Yon Changsuek , Murreddu Marta , Hong Xupeng , Kallakury Bhaskar V. , Tucker Robin , Yang Song , Young John A.T. , Javanbakht Hassan 
Published: April 2020

RG7834 is a small‐molecule inhibitor of hepatitis B virus (HBV) gene expression that significantly reduces the levels of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV DNA in a humanized liver HBV mouse model. In the current study, we evaluated the potency of RG7834 in the woodchuck model of chronic HBV infection, alone and in combination with entecavir (ETV) and/or woodchuck interferon‐α (wIFN‐α). RG7834 reduced woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) surface antigen (WHsAg) by a mean of 2.57 log10 from baseline and WHV DNA by a mean of 1.71 log10. ETV + wIFN‐α reduced WHsAg and WHV DNA by means of 2.40 log10 and 6.70 log10, respectively. The combination of RG7834, ETV, and wIFN‐α profoundly reduced WHsAg and WHV DNA levels by 5.00 log10 and 7.46 log10, respectively. However, both viral parameters rebounded to baseline after treatment was stopped and no antibody response against WHsAg was observed. Effects on viral RNAs were mainly seen with the triple combination treatment, reducing both pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) and WHsAg RNA, whereas RG7834 mainly reduced WHsAg RNA and ETV mainly affected pgRNA. When WHsAg was reduced by the triple combination, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) proliferated significantly in response to viral antigens, but the cellular response was diminished after WHsAg returned to baseline levels during the off‐treatment period. Consistent with this, Pearson correlation revealed a strong negative correlation between WHsAg levels and PBMC proliferation in response to peptides covering the entire WHsAg and WHV nucleocapsid antigen. Conclusion: A fast and robust reduction of WHsAg by combination therapy reduced WHV‐specific immune dysfunction in the periphery. However, the magnitude and/or duration of the induced cellular response were not sufficient to achieve a sustained antiviral response.
Numerical analysis of convective heat transport in a porous semi‐trapezoidal enclosure with radiation effect
Authors: Fazuruddin Syed , Sreekanth S. , Raju G. S. S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA theoretical and numerical study of natural convection of two‐dimensional laminar incompressible flow in a semi‐trapezoidal porous enclosure in the presence of thermal radiation is conducted. The semi‐trapezoidal enclosure has an inclined left wall that in addition to the right vertical wall is maintained at a constant temperature, whereas the remaining (horizontal) walls are adiabatic. The Darcy‐Brinkman isotropic model is utilized. The governing partial differential equations are transformed using a vorticity stream function and nondimensional quantities and the resulting governing nonlinear dimensionless equations are solved using the finite difference method with incremental steps. The impacts of the different model parameters (Rayleigh number [Ra], Darcy number [Da], and radiation parameter [Rd]) on the thermofluid characteristics are studied in detail. The computations show that convective heat transfer is enhanced with the greater Darcy parameter (permeability). The flow is accelerated with the increasing buoyancy effect (Rayleigh number) and heat transfer is also increased with a greater radiative flux. The present numerical simulations are more relevant to hybrid porous media solar collectors.
Egypt's Coastal Vulnerability to Sea-Level Rise and Storm Surge: Present and Future Conditions
Authors: Torresan Silvia , Furlan Elisa , Critto Andrea , Michetti Melania , Marcomini Antonio 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We assess the relative vulnerability of the Mediterranean shoreline of Egypt (about 1000 km in length) to climate change (i.e., sea-level rise [SLR], storm surge flooding, and coastal erosion) by using a Climate-improved Coastal Vulnerability Index (CCVI). We integrate information relative to a multidimensional set of physical, geological, and socioeconomic variables, and add to the mainstream literature the consideration of both a reference and a climate change scenario, assuming the representative concentration pathway 8.5 W/m2 (RCP8.5) for the 21st century in the Mediterranean region. Results report that approximately 1% (~43 km²) of the mapped shoreline is classifiable as having a high or very high vulnerability, whereas approximately 80% (4652 km²) shows very low vulnerability. As expected, exposure to inundation and erosion is especially relevant in highly developed and urbanized coastal areas. Along the shoreline, while the Nile Delta region is the most prone area to coastal erosion and permanent or occasional inundations (both in the reference and in the climate scenario), results show the Western Desert area to be less vulnerable due to its geological characteristics (i.e., rocky and cliffed coasts, steeper coastal slope). The application of the CCVI to the coast of Egypt can be considered as a first screening of the hot-spot risk areas at the national scale. The results of the analysis, including vulnerability maps and indicators, can be used to support the development of climate adaptation and integrated coastal zone management strategies. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:761–772. © 2020 SETAC
Comparison of outcomes at full‐dilation cesarean section with and without the use of a fetal pillow device
Authors: Hanley Isaac , Sivanesan Kanapathippillai , Veerasingham Mayooran , Vasudevan Jaidev 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo identify whether use of the fetal pillow device resulted in a reduction in intraoperative complications, such as uterine incision extension, requirement for breech extraction, etc. Other maternal outcomes (duration of hospital stay, requirement for blood transfusion, and requirement for return to hospital or operating theatre) were also reviewed. Neonatal outcomes of APGAR‐5, arterial pH, and requirement for intensive care admission were assessed.MethodsA retrospective cohort analysis was completed for fully dilated cesarean deliveries completed between January 2014 and December 2018 at Ipswich Hospital, Australia. In total, 174 patient records were identified (114 with pillow, 60 without). Logistic and linear regressions were used to assess the outcomes associated with fetal pillow use.ResultsThere were no significant differences in operative complications between the pillow and no‐pillow groups (odds ratio [OR] 0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.26–1.22, P=0.146). Linear regression analysis showed a decrease in hospital length of stay (hours) (−9.4, 95% CI −17.80 to −0.99, P=0.029) and a higher neonatal arterial pH at delivery (0.06, 95% CI 0.03–0.09, P=0.0001) in the pillow group.ConclusionAt full dilation cesarean, operative complications are not increased when employing the fetal pillow with maternal benefits of decreased hospitalization.
Determination of crop coefficients and spatial distribution of evapotranspiration and net irrigation requirement for three commonly cultivated crops in South‐East Nigeria
Authors: Okechukwu M.E. , Mbajiorgu C.C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEffective crop production is one major way of ensuring food security, but basic information on evapotranspiration and net irrigation requirement are needed. ETc, NIR and their spatial distribution were studied for three commonly cultivated crops in south‐east Nigeria, namely African spinach (Amarathus hybridus), Nsukka yellow pepper (Capsicum Chinese Nsukkadrilus) and maize (Zea mays). The average daily ETc from lysimetric water balance studies and Kc were 3.9, 4.20 and 3.7 mm and 0.87, 0.93 and 0.82 for spinach, pepper, and, maize, respectively. The statewide annual evapotranspiration for the crops was between 1070 and 1450 mm. The average annual ranges of NIR were 408–706, 524–706 and 450–621 mm for African spinach, Nsukka yellow pepper and maize, respectively. Statewide, Imo and Abia states do not require irrigation annually. Mapping spatially interpolated evapotranspiration and NIR has not only provided information on areas where weather stations are not available but have also provided information for farmers, water managers and policy makers for effective water resources management and improved crop production for food security in the south‐east of Nigeria. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
β‐Sitosterol‐assisted silver nanoparticles activates Nrf2 and triggers mitochondrial apoptosis via oxidative stress in human hepatocellular cancer cell line
Authors: Raj R Kathiswar , D Ezhilarasan , S Rajeshkumar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCancer nanomedicine is an emerging field of cancer therapeutics. Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing worldwide, and currently, it is the second leading cause of cancer‐related deaths. This study investigates the cytotoxic potential of β‐sitosterol‐assisted silver nanoparticles (BSS‐SNPs) in HepG2 cells. The silver nanoparticles were synthesized using β‐sitosterol as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The characterization of BSS‐SNPs was done by UV‐visible spectrophotometry and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis. HepG2 cells were treated with different concentrations of BSS‐SNPs for 24 hr, and cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay. Intracellular ROS was investigated by 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescin diacetate staining. The nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf‐2) protein expression was investigated by immunofluorescence staining. Morphology‐related to apoptotic changes were analyzed by annexin V staining. Intrinsic apoptosis pathwayrelated molecular markers were investigated by western blotting and PCR analysis. Spectrophotometry analysis confirmed a strong absorption peak at 420 nm, which showed the successful synthesis of BSS‐SNPs. The TEM analysis indicated the spherical‐, rod‐, and hexagonal BSS‐SNPs with the size ranges from 5 to 55 nm. BSS‐SNPs significantly inhibited the proliferation and induced ROS and Nrf‐2 expression in HepG2 cells. BSS‐SNPs treatment caused apoptosis‐related morphological changes and upregulated the pro‐apoptotic markers such as bax, p53, cytochrome c, and caspases‐9, ‐3 and downregulated bcl‐2 expressions. Our findings suggest that BSS‐SNPs might serve as potential drug candidates for HCC.
Construction of collagen gel with high viscoelasticity and thermal stability via combining cross‐linking and dehydration
Authors: Tian Zhenhua , Shen Lirui , Liu Wentao , Li Guoying 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCollagen gel is widely used in tissue engineering due to excellent biological properties and swollen three‐dimensional network structure. To improve viscoelasticity and thermal stability, collagen gels consisting of fibrils were cross‐linked with glutaraldehyde and sequentially dehydrated via ethanol or heating (named as EGC or HGC, respectively). For EGC, ethanol replaced free and loosely bound water and then combined with tightly bound water, inducing the increase in hydrogen bonds and molecular interactions. Therefore, the thermal transition temperature (Tt) and storage modulus (G′) obviously increased from 47.3 ± 0.5°C and 0.1 kPa to 92.7 ± 0.8°C and 7.8 kPa, respectively. Unfortunately, the high deformation (γ > 60%) and low recovery percentage (R < 15%) reflected the poor anti‐deformation of gels due to the volatility of ethanol. For HGC, the entanglement and rigidity of fibrils increased owing to the contraction of cross‐linked fibrils and cohesive action of denatured collagen. As a result, HGC were more resistant to deformation and exhibited more elasticity than native collagen gel, accompanied by the fact that G′ and R increased to 28.8 kPa and 90.0% ± 0.7%. Additionally, HGC exhibited higher Tt (121.4 ± 0.5°C) due to lower water content and higher collagen concentration.
Phosphonic acid‐functionalized poly(amido amine) macromers for biomedical applications
Authors: Altuncu Seckin , Akyol Ece , Guven Melek Naz , Demirci Gozde , Yagci Acar Havva , Avci Duygu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNovel phosphonic acid‐functionalized poly(amido amine) (PAA) macromers are synthesized through aza‐Michael addition of 2‐aminoethyl phosphonic acid or its mixture with 5‐amino‐1‐pentanol at different ratios onto N,N′‐methylene bis(acrylamide) to control the amount of phosphonic acid functionality. The macromers were homo‐ and copolymerized with 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate at different ratios to obtain hydrogels with various hydrophilicities. The hydrogels' swelling, biodegradation and mineralization properties were evaluated. The swelling and degradation rates of the gels can be tuned by the chemical structure of PAA macromer precursors as well as pH and CaCl2 pre‐treatment. The hydrogels show composition‐dependent mineralization in SBF and 5xSBF, as evidenced from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) analyses. The degradation products of the hydrogels have no effect on U‐2 OS, Saos‐2 and NIH 3T3 cells, suggesting their cytocompatibility. Overall, these materials have potential to be used as nontoxic degradable biomaterials.
Synthesis and characterization of porous bioactiveSiCtissue engineering scaffold
Authors: El‐Ghannam Ahmed , Greenier Madeline , Johnson Morgan , Marriott Ian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSilicon carbide (SiC) is an inert material with excellent biocompatibility properties. A major issue that limits its use as a medical device is the difficult processing technique that requires hot pressing at a temperature (>2,000oC) and pressure (1,000–2,000 atm). In the present study, we developed a protocol to synthesize a porous SiC scaffold by pressing the powder at 50 MPa and heating at 900oC/2 hr. The surface of SiC was chemically modified by NaOH to facilitate sintering and induce bioactivity. Porous discs with 51.51 ± 3.17% porosity and interconnected pores in the size range from 1 to 1,000 μm were prepared using 40% PEG. The average compressive strength and Young's modulus of the scaffolds were 1.94 ± 0.70 and 169.2 ± 0.08 MPa, respectively. FTIR analysis confirmed the formation of biomimetic hydroxyapatite layer after 2 hr of immersion in simulated body fluid. The Ca/P ratio was dependent on the concentration of the silanol groups created on the material surface. Increasing the atomic % of silicon on the SiC surface from 33.27 ± 9.53% to 45.13 ± 4.74% resulted in a 76% increase in the osteocalcin expression by MC3T3‐E1 cells seeded on the material after 7 days. The cells colonized the entire thickness of the template and filled the pores with mineralized extracellular matrix after 14 days. Taken all together, the porous SiC scaffolds can serve as a bone graft for tissue reconstruction and cell delivery in trauma surgery.
Microwave synthesis of sulfur‐doped α‐Fe2O3 and testing in photodegradation of methyl orange
Authors: Almazroai Layla S. , Maliabari Leenah A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstractα‐Fe2O3, as a promising photocatalyst in environmental aspects, was doped by a nonmetal to enhance the optical and electronic properties. Sulfur‐doped hematite was synthesized by microwave irradiation. The samples were investigated by X‐ray diffraction and energy dispersive X‐ ray‐scanning electron microscopy. Nanostructure particles have a hexagonal structure that did not change after sulfur incorporation. The optical studies via UV–Visible spectroscopy proved the high absorbance of S/α‐Fe2O3under the visible region. Moreover, the band gap of S/α‐Fe2O3 was shifted to higher wavelengths. However, nonmetals may exhibit a negative effect and act as recombination centers as the photoactivity of undoped hematite was still higher in the photodegradation of methyl orange as a pollutant. H2O2 as an oxidant was fourfold better than O2, leading to the formation of the active oxygen species. The preparation method plays a crucial role in the shaping of nanostructure particles and its photoactivity.
Significant association between DHFR promoter methylation and ischemic stroke in a Chinese hypertensive population
Authors: Hu Jingcen , Zhu Hong , Xu Guodong , Chen Zhu , Li Lian , Wang Shuyu , Deng Hongxia , Bao Xiaoming , Shen Zhisen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveDHFR encodes dihydrofolate reductase, a major enzyme in the metabolism of folate, and is a candidate gene for ischemic stroke (IS). Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between DHFR promoter methylation and IS in a Chinese population with primary hypertension.MethodsQuantitative methylation‐specific PCR was used to measure the level of DHFR promoter methylation. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to investigate the association between DHFR promoter methylation and IS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of DHFR promoter methylation for IS.ResultsThe level of methylation of the DHFR promoter in the IS group was significantly lower than that in the hypertensive group (median [interquartile range]: 9.11 [2.81‐16.20] vs 24.94 [7.16‐56.45], P < .001). DHFR promoter methylation and homocysteine (Hcy) levels were both related to IS, with an ORs (95% CI) of 0.976 (0.967‐0.984) and 1.057 (1.027‐1.108), respectively. The areas under the curve for the diagnosis of DHFR promoter hypomethylation in IS were 0.603 (95% CI, 0.527‐0.678) in men and 0.754 (95% CI, 0.693‐0.815) in women. A dual‐luciferase reporter assay revealed that the target sequence in the DHFR promoter upregulated gene expression.ConclusionThere is a significant association between methylation of the DHFR promoter and IS in this Chinese hypertensive population. Hypomethylation of the DHFR promoter may serve as a novel marker for the diagnosis of IS in women.