bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linear Transects of Imagery Increase Crop Monitoring Efficiency Using Fixed‐Wing Unmanned Aircraft Systems
Authors: Hunt E. Raymond , Daughtry Craig S. T. , Stern Alan J. , Russ Andrew L. 
Published: November 2019

Core Ideas
Monitoring crops over time requires methods that are very low cost.
Currently, unmanned aircraft system images have large overlap to create ortho‐rectified mosaics.
Instead, each image may be used as a sample point along a flight transect.
Crop monitoring with unmanned aircraft must be timely to prevent yield losses and have low cost to be profitable. However, the expenses of acquiring large numbers of images with large overlap and creation of ortho‐rectified mosaics may make unmanned aircraft system (UAS) monitoring slow and cost prohibitive. A fixed‐wing UAS was flown over six center‐pivot irrigated fields and untilled sagebrush steppe over the 2014 growing season. A 90‐m by 90‐m area centered at the image nadir point was analyzed as a single point along a linear transect. When aggregated by field, UAS normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) agreed with NDVI from a corresponding Landsat image, with an R2 of 0.958 and an RMSE of 0.058. Since each image retained its high spatial resolution, the proposed transect method could be used along with computer vision and artificial intelligence to detect plant stress, weeds, pests, and diseases.
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Budgets on Claypan Soil Receiving Turkey Litter and Inorganic Fertilizer Applications
Authors: Sweeney Daniel W. , Pierzynski Gary M. , Barnes Phillip L. 
Published: November 2019

Core Ideas
Nitrogen and P budgets may provide insight regarding fertilization with turkey litter.
Total P outputs were greatest with N‐based turkey litter application.
Nitrogen‐based turkey litter application increased soil storage of N and P.
Unaccounted‐for N was substantial regardless of nutrient source.
Only with N‐based turkey litter application was there any unaccounted‐for P.
Nutrient budgets may provide insight for management of N and P in poultry wastes and commercial fertilizers applied to claypan soils. The objective of this study was to calculate budgets for N and P as affected by turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) litter and inorganic fertilizer applications and by incorporation by tillage. The experiment was conducted from 2005 to 2007 near Girard, KS. The soil was a low‐slope (1%) Parsons silt loam overlying a claypan B horizon. During the 3‐yr budgeting period, total N outputs as surface runoff or as grain removal were not affected by treatments varying in nutrient source or tillage. Total P outputs in surface runoff and as grain removal was greatest in the N‐based turkey litter (TL‐N) treatment. Nitrogen and P stored in undecomposed grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] stalks were unaffected by treatments. However, the change in soil storage of total N and P was greater in the TL‐N treatment compared with the control, the inorganic fertilizer only (Fert), or the turkey litter P‐based (TL‐P) treatments. Unaccounted‐for N in all treatments receiving inorganic fertilizer and/or turkey litter exceeded 170 kg ha−1 over the 3‐yr period. The N that was not accounted for was greater with the TL‐N treatment than in the Fert or P‐based, incorporated treatment, with the TL‐P value being intermediate. The only treatment that showed unaccounted‐for P was TL‐N. Thus, unaccounted‐for N losses may affect all nutrient sources, but unaccounted‐for P losses likely only occur when litter application is N based.
Pressure Correction in the Calibration of Heat Dissipation Sensors
Authors: Thomle Jonathan N. , Zhang Z. Fred , Dai Gao L. 
Published: November 2019

Core Ideas
Effects of air pressure on heat dissipation sensors previously unknown are quantified.
Effects of air pressure are repeatable and consistent, therefore they can be removed.
Changes in heat dissipation sensor calibration reduces error and decreases time of procedure.
Heat dissipation sensors (HDSs) infer soil matric potential based on the measured rate of temperature rise from a heat source. The process for calibrating these sensors may use a pressure plate apparatus (PPA) to remove water to a certain calibration point that is controlled by pressure. Conventionally, the pressure within the PPA is released before the temperature change calibration points are measured (ΔT0). This conventional HDS calibration approach can take several weeks. We propose that the equilibrated temperature change at pressure (ΔTp) can be corrected empirically to the value at zero pressure. Based on measurements of 14 HDSs between 0.02 and 0.1 MPa, ΔTp was on average 6.2% larger than ΔT0. After pressure correction, using an empirical equation, the difference between the corrected ΔTp and ΔT0 was only 0.28%. These results demonstrate that this empirical approach provides sufficient accuracy to achieve HDS calibration without performing a PPA pressure release.
A pH‐Based Pedotransfer Function for Scaling Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity Reduction: Improved Estimation of Hydraulic Dynamics in HYDRUS
Authors: Ali Aram , Biggs Andrew J.W. , Šimůnek Jirka , Bennett John McL. 
Published: November 2019

Core Ideas
Soil‐specific pedotransfer functions can be incorporated into the HYDRUS model.
Electrolyte concentration reduces the adverse effect of pH and Na on soil structural stability.
Clay content is important in governing soil hydraulic reduction dynamics due to pH.
Hydraulic conductivity is a key soil property governing agricultural production and is thus an important parameter in hydrologic modeling. The pH scaling factor for saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) reduction in the HYDRUS model was reviewed and evaluated for its ability to simulate Ks reduction. A limitation of the model is the generalization of Ks reduction at various levels of electrolyte concentration for different soil types, i.e., it is not soil specific. In this study, a new generalized linear regression model was developed to estimate Ks reduction for a larger set of Australian soils compared with three American soils. A nonlinear pedotransfer function was also produced, using the Levenberg–Marquardt optimization algorithm, by considering the pH and electrolyte concentration of the applied solution as well as the soil clay content. This approach improved the estimation of the pH scaling factor relating to Ks reduction for individual soils. The functions were based on Ks reduction in nine contrasting Australian soils using two sets of treatment solutions with Na adsorption ratios of 20 and 40; total electrolyte concentrations of 8, 15, 25, 50, 100, 250, and 500 mmolc L−1; and pH values of 6, 7, 8, and 9. A comparison of the experimental data and model outputs indicates that the models performed objectively well and successfully described the Ks reduction due to the pH. Further, a nonlinear function provided greater accuracy than the generalized function for the individual soils of Australia and California. This indicates that the nonlinear model provides an improved estimation of the pH scaling factor for Ks reduction in specific soils in the HYDRUS model and should therefore be considered in future HYDRUS developments and applications.
Catalytic Applications of Saccharin and its Derivatives in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Banerjee Bubun , Bhardwaj Vaishali , Kaur Amninder , Kaur Gurpreet , Singh Arvind 
Published: November 2019

:
Saccharin (1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one-1,1-dioxide) is a very mild, cheap,
commercially available, water soluble, environmentally benign and edible Brønsted acidic
substance. Recently, with other utilities, saccharin and its derivatives were employed as
catalysts for various organic transformations. In this review, catalytic applicability of saccharin
and its derivatives under various reaction conditions is summarized.
Antibacterial Activity of Cissus incisa Extracts against Multidrug- Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Nocedo-Mena Deyani , Garza-González Elvira , González-Ferrara Mauricio , del Rayo Camacho-Corona María 
Published: November 2019

Aims:
The need to find new antimicrobial agents to cope with this phenomenon increases.

Background:
Infection diseases are illness caused by different microorganisms, such as bacteria, among
those caused by resistant bacteria are associated with greater morbidity, mortality and cost of the treatment
than those caused by sensitive bacteria of the same species.

Objective:
Need to find new antimicrobial agents to cope with this phenomenon increases.

Method:
This work carried out the study of biological activities of Cissus incisa, taking account its traditional
use. Three extracts were prepared from the leaves of this plant: hexane, chloroform methanol
(1:1) and aqueous. Their antibacterial and antitubercular activities were evaluated using microdilution
and alamar blue assays; respectively.

Result:
The chloroform/methanol extract (1:1) was the most active of the three tested extracts for antimicrobial
activity. In this way, the extract exhibits a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, against
the Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria tested, with MIC values between 125 to 500 μg/mL.

Conclusion:
This research contributes both to the knowledge of the Mexican flora, as well as the discovery
of potential antibacterial agents derivate from plants.
Selective and Sensitive UHPLC Method for the Trace Analysis of Formaldehyde in Drug Substance Using Fused-core Column Technology and Detailed Pre-column Derivatization study
Authors: Panchakarla Ravi Kiran , Ravi Punna Rao , Chandra Sekhar Kondapalli Venkata Gowri 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Formaldehyde is a key intermediate/reagent in the synthesis of many significant
pharmaceutical compounds. It is genotoxic as it interacts with the DNA, RNA and hence there is a
pressing need to develop sensitive analytical methods for its trace level determination.

Objective:
The present study aims to develop a simple and robust Ultra-High-Performance Liquid
Chromatographic (UHPLC) method for the trace level quantification of a carcinogen-formaldehyde, in
pharmaceutical drug substance.

Methods:
This method was developed on a conventional pre-column derivatization technique with
brady’s reagent followed by fast analysis on fused core C18 Ascentis Express (150 × 4.6 mm, 2.7 μm)
column using ultraviolet (UV) detection. Optimization of the derivatization reaction time was conducted
in different pH conditions. The optimized analytical method was fully validated in accordance with
the current International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) Q2 guidelines, which demonstrated the
developed method to be fast, specific, linear, sensitive, repeatable, accurate and convenient for routine
quality control.

Results:
The developed method was linear, accurate and precise in the concentration of 12.8 ng/mL to
510.7 ng/mL. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 3.8 ng/mL and 12.8 ng/mL, respectively.

Conclusion:
The developed UHPLC can be used effectively for trace level quantification of formaldehyde
in drug substances or drug products.
Indirect Labeling of Antibodies as a Universal Approach to Increase Sensitivity of Lateral Flow Tests: A Case Study for Mycotoxins Detection
Authors: Urusov Alexandr E. , Petrakova Alina V. , Zherdev Anatoly V. , Zvereva Elena A. 
Published: November 2019

Objective:
The study aimed at increasing the sensitivity of immunochromatographic tests for the control of toxic contaminants (on the examples of aflatoxin B1 and T-2 toxin) in agricultural products.

Methods:
For reliable immunochromatographic detection of low concentrations of analytes, a replacement of the (specific antibodies – gold nanoparticle) conjugate by a combination of native specific antibodies and anti-species antibodies conjugated with gold nanoparticles was proposed. Different variants of test systems based on the principle of indirect labeling were realized and compared.

Results:
Immunochromatographic assays with indirect labeling for aflatoxin B1 and T-2 toxin were implemented experimentally. A reduction in the detection limit by one to two orders of magnitude was demonstrated.

Conclusion:
The presented results confirm that indirect labeling of specific antibodies overcomes the limitations of the competitive immunochromatographic analysis and can be used to detect analytes of different chemical nature.
Sensitivity Study of Dynamics Variability for Mild-carbon Steel Structures Affected by Corrosion
Authors: Di Lorenzo Gianmaria , Landolfo Raffaele 
Published: November 2019

Background:Corrosion propagation mainly occurs due to environmental conditions and to the absence of adequate maintenance. The corrosion propagation affects the structural performances of slender and thin structures, in particular in the case of structure very sensitive to the wind action and its dynamical phenomena, because commonly they are designed with a precise optimization of the stiffness/mass ratio. The static and dynamic wind action represent an immediate safety hazard in the case of structural stiffness and mass reduction due to the corrosion depth.Objective:This paper discusses the dynamics behavior variability due to the corrosion depth propagation for two significant examples of slender and thin structure (i.e.tower and truss roof).Methods:The structures assumed as case of study are made of mild carbon. The corrosion depth variability was estimated based on literature references. The structural natural frequencies and modal shapes are assumed as significant magnitudes to discuss the effect of the corrosion on the structural elements.Results:Results have shown that the corrosion depth gives a significant reduction of frequencies and modification of modal shapes.Conclusion:Results have shown that the corrosion depth affect the structural behavior long before a structural collapse. It suggests that a monitoring must be done to estimate the structure reliability for the Serviceability limit state under Characteristic design loads.
Influence of FE Modelling Approaches on Vulnerabilities of RC School Buildings and Proposal of a CFRP Retrofitting Intervention
Authors: Valentina G. , Poiani Marina , Clementi Francesco , Pace Giuseppe , Lenci Stefano 
Published: November 2019

Background:
The vulnerability assessment of existing school buildings against earthquakes represents a priority concern for society. In recent years, several countries promote seismic rehabilitation projects of school buildings, including the allocation of funds to regions with high seismic hazard.

Objective:
This research aims to highlight some key role aspects related to difficulties encountered in the numerical modelling of RC structures hosting school activities.
This work evaluates the seismic vulnerability of school buildings located in the municipality of Trecastelli (Marche, Central Italy) to quantify the effective influence of typical and specific seismic vulnerabilities detected on the global seismic behaviour of each building.
The effectiveness of a possible Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) local strengthening intervention, for the case study, aimed to confine unconfined beam-column joints is also considered.

Methods:
Three different numerical models of a Reinforced Concrete (RC) school building are implemented with the lumped plasticity, the distributed plasticity (fibre) and the 3D Continuum Finite Element (FE) approaches. Nonlinear static (pushover) analyses are performed to assess the global seismic behaviour of the structure, and the limitations to represent the reality with different approaches. After the seismic vulnerability assessment of the case study, a CFRP retrofitting intervention is proposed to confine external beam-column joints.

Results:
The comparison of the numerical results of three models shows that the fibre model is the least suitable means to represent shear problems, while the lumped plasticity model is closer to reality than the previous one even if it does not take into account the concomitance of bending, shear and axial force and the interaction between them in the inelastic response. Of course, the 3D Continuum model is the most accurate representation to describe the complex and combined mechanisms developed in the joint panels. Nonlinear static (pushover) analyses carried out on unreinforced and reinforced structures of Continuum model demonstrate that the Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) strengthening improves the displacement capacity of the structure.

Conclusion:
This study has highlighted the strengths and weaknesses of different modelling types. The meaningful information about mechanisms developed in joints given by the 3D Continuum FE model is useful to identify shortcomings of the design project and to conceive a retrofitting strengthening intervention.
CFRP sheets externally bonded on beam-column joints may improve the seismic frame performances without a significant change of the structural stiffness, promoting a ductile failure mode with a higher displacement capacity than the unreinforced case.
An Anatomy of a Hybrid Color Descriptor with a Neural Network Model to Enhance the Retrieval Accuracy of an Image Retrieval System
Authors: Bhardwaj Shikha , Pandove Gitanjali , Dahiya Pawan Kumar 
Published: November 2019

Background:
In order to retrieve a particular image from vast repository of images, an
efficient system is required and such an eminent system is well-known by the name Content-Based
Image Retrieval (CBIR) system. Color is indeed an important attribute of an image and the proposed
system consist of a hybrid color descriptor which is used for color feature extraction. Deep learning
has gained a prominent importance in the current era. So, the performance of this fusion based color
descriptor is also analyzed in the presence of Deep learning classifiers.

Method:
This paper describes a comparative experimental analysis on various color descriptors and the best two are chosen to form an efficient color based hybrid system denoted as combined color moment-color autocorrelogram (Co-CMCAC). Then, to increase the retrieval accuracy of the hybrid system, a Cascade forward back propagation neural network (CFBPNN) is used. The classification accuracy obtained by using CFBPNN is also compared to Patternnet neural network.

Results:
The results of the hybrid color descriptor depict that the proposed system has superior results
in the order 95.4%, 88.2%, 84.4% and 96.05% for Corel-1K, Corel-5K, Corel-10K and Oxford
flower benchmark datasets respectively as compared to many state-of-the-art related techniques.

Conclusion:
This paper depicts an experimental and analytical analysis on different color feature
descriptors namely, Color Moment (CM), Color Auto-Correlogram (CAC), Color Histogram (CH),
Color coherence vector (CCV) and Dominant Color Descriptor (DCD). The proposed hybrid Color
Descriptor (Co-CMCAC) is utilized for the withdrawal of color features with Cascade Forward
Back Propagation Neural Network (CFBPNN) used as a classifier on four benchmark datasets
namely Corel-1K, Corel-5K and Corel-10K and Oxford flower.
Single Channel EEG Signal for Automatic Detection of Absence Seizure Using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Basha Niha K. , Wahab Aisha B. 
Published: November 2019

Background:
In this paper, a Convolutional Neural Network to extract the seizure features
and classify them into normal or absence seizure class, is proposed as an empowerment of
monitoring system by automatic detection of absence seizure. The training data is collected from the
normal and absence seizure subjects in the form of Electroencephalography.

Objective:
To perform automatic detection of absence seizure using single channel electroencephalography
signal as input.

Methods:
This data is then used to train the proposed Convolutional Neural Network to extract and
classify absence seizure. The Convolutional Neural Network consist of three layers 1) convolutional
layer – which extract the features in the form of vector 2) Pooling layer – the dimensionality of output
from convolutional layer is reduced and 3) Fully connected layer–the activation function called
soft-max is used to find the probability distribution of output class.

Results:
The paper goes through the automatic detection of absence seizure in detail and provide the
comparative analysis of classification between Support Vector Machine and Convolutional Neural
Network.

Conclusion:
The proposed approach outperforms the performance of Support Vector Machine in automatic
detection of absence seizure.
Adaptación cultural y validación de Parental Stressor Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit en padres mexicanos
Authors: Domínguez-Martínez V. , Cortés-Escárcega I. 
Published: November 2019

Introducción: La hospitalización de un recién nacido prematuro en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales (UCIN), constituye un suceso estresante para los padres, como consecuencia de factores ambientales y psicosociales de la UCIN. Así, la identificación del grado de estrés de los padres a través de instrumentos adaptados y validados a su contexto, establecerá protocolos para disminuirlo durante la hospitalización de su hijo.
Objetivo: Adaptar culturalmente y validar la Escala de Estrés Parental: Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales (PSS: NICU) para su aplicación en un grupo de madres y padres mexicanos.
Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y transversal, con una muestra intencional de 130 padres de recién nacidos prematuros hospitalizados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales. El estrés parental se midió utilizando la PSS: NICU, que fue adaptada y validada para su aplicación en padres mexicanos. La información se procesó con el paquete estadístico SPSS v.24.
Resultados: El instrumento adaptado al contexto cultural en población mexicana presentó una consistencia interna de .945, probando así su confiabilidad para su aplicación en padres mexicanos. El estrés parental total promedio fue de 2.48 + .986, considerado poco estresante.
Conclusiones: La adaptación cultural y validación de la PSS: NICU en población mexicana, resultó una herramienta válida y confiable para su aplicación en padres mexicanos. El factor más asociado con el incremento del nivel de estrés fue la alteración del rol parental, por lo que es importante establecer intervenciones dirigidas a mejorar la participación de los padres que apunten hacia el bienestar emocional de los mismos.
UPAYA ANTISIPATIF PERILAKU KOMUNITAS LGBT DI INDONESIA (Suatu Kajian Tentang Antisipatif dan Peran Edukasi Tokoh Agama)
Authors: Muhibbuthabry Muhibbuthabry 
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini berjudul “Upaya Antisipatif Perilaku Komunitas LGBT Di Indonesia (suatu kajian tentang antisipatif dan peran edukasi tokoh agama)”. Adapun fokus kajian ini meliputi; (1) Peran tokoh agama terhadap pencegahan LGBT di kota Medan dan provinsi Aceh, (2) Kondisi perilaku LGBT di kota Medan dan provinsi Aceh, dan (3) Kebijakan pemerintah terhadap pencegahan LBGT di Medan dan Provinsi Aceh. Sementara subjek penelitian ini adalah tokoh agama dan pemerintah kabupaten/kota; kota Medan provinsi Sumatra Utara dan kota Langsa provinsi Aceh. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah purposive, yaitu penentuan subjek penelitian atas dasar pertimbangan tertentu. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah 15 tokoh agama, 2 Pejabat terkait pada dua kota madya; Medan dan kota Langsa provinsi Aceh. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan: (1) Peran edukasi tokoh agama terhadap pencegahan perilaku LGBT di kota Medan dan provinsi Aceh, meliputi; sosialisasi bahaya LBGT, pembimbing, pendidik, peran sosial, dan figur (modeling). (2) Kondisi perilaku LGBT di kota Medan dan provinsi Aceh, berdasarkan berbagai sumber informasi yang diperoleh kondisi LGBT di Kota Medan Sumatera Utara mencapai 600 orang, sementara di Kota Langsa khususnya sampai saat ini belum ditemukan kasus LGBT, namun secara umum di provinsi Aceh terdapat 500 orang LGBT. (3) Kebijakan pemerintah terhadap pencegahan LGBT di Medan dan Provinsi Aceh, meliputi; pendekatan preventif dan kuratif, khusus untuk pendekatan kuratif sampai saat ini belum dilaksanakan karena belum ada undang-undang yang mengatur tentang LGBT.