bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Curcumin prevents osteocyte apoptosis by inhibiting M1‐type macrophage polarization in mice model of glucocorticoid‐associated osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Jin Shengyang , Meng Chunqing , He Yu , Wang Xiaohong , Zhang Qimin , Wang Ze , Huang Wei , Wang Hong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInflammation is a contributing factor in osteocyte apoptosis, which is strongly associated with the development of glucocorticoid‐associated osteonecrosis of the femoral head (GA‐ONFH). Curcumin is a naturally derived drug that regulates immunity and inhibits inflammation. This study aimed to examine the capacity of curcumin to prevent osteocyte apoptosis and GA‐ONFH, while elucidating possible mechanisms of action. C57/BL6 female mice were divided into control, GA‐ONFH, and curcumin‐treated GA‐ONFH groups. We determined the effect of curcumin on the polarization of RAW264.7 and the apoptosis of MLO‐Y4 cells. We found that curcumin reduced the infiltration of M1‐type macrophages in the femoral heads and alleviated systemic inflammation in GA‐ONFH models. Additionally, curcumin decreased the apoptosis of osteocytes in the femoral heads and the ratio of GA‐ONFH in mice. Further, in vitro curcumin intervention inhibited M1‐type polarization via the Janus kinase1/2‐signal transducer and activator of transcription protein1 (JAK1/2‐STAT1) pathway. Taken together, this study demonstrates that curcumin is effective in preventing osteocyte apoptosis and the development of GA‐ONFH in a mouse model. Curcumin prevents inflammatory‐mediated apoptosis of osteocytes in part through inhibition of M1 polarization through the JAK1/2‐STAT1 pathway. These findings provide novel insights as well as a potential preventive agent for GA‐ONFH. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Vasoactive and Inotropic Support, Tube Feeding, and Ischemic Gut Complications After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Ong Chin Siang , Brown Patricia M. , Yesantharao Pooja , Zhou Xun , Young Allen , Canner Joseph K. , Quinlan Munirih , Brown Evan F. , Sussman Marc S. , Whitman Glenn J.R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundVasoactive and inotropic support (VIS) may predispose cardiac surgery patients to ischemic gut complications (IGCx). The purpose of this study was to describe the effect of VIS on the manner in which we deliver tube feeds (TFs) and determine its relationship with IGCx in cardiac surgery patients.MethodsWe reviewed cardiac surgery patients at a single institution and examined the effect of VIS (none, low, medium, high) on TF administration and evaluated IGCx.ResultsOf 3088 cardiac surgery patients, 249 (8%) required TFs, comprising 2151 total TF‐days. Increasing VIS was associated with decreased amounts of TF administered per day (P = .001) and an increase in time that TF was held per day (P < .001). High VIS was associated with less intact, more semi‐elemental/elemental formula use (P < .001) and increased use of gastric route (P < .001). Of all cardiac surgery patients, 11 of 3125 suffered IGCx (0.4%), with a mortality of 73%. Of the 3 receiving TF, 2 IGCx were focal and consistent with acute embolus, whereas one was diffuse, on high VIS and an intra‐aortic balloon pump. Of the 8 IGCx in the patients not receiving TF, 5 were focal, whereas 3 were diffuse and not embolic (P = .21).ConclusionsDespite 32% of TF‐days on moderate to high VIS, non‐embolic IGCx were not increased compared with patients not receiving TF. As delivered at this institution, TF in even those requiring moderate to high inotropic and pressor support were not associated with an increase in attributable IGCx.
Periodontal disease and detection of human herpesviruses in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid of chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Pallos Debora , Ruivo Gilson F. , Ferrari‐Junior Sabino H. , Pannuti Claudio S. , Perozini Caroline , Sarmento Dmitry J. S. , Palmieri Michelle , Souza Ana C. M. F. , Tozetto‐Mendoza Tania R. , Doglio Alain , Braz‐Silva Paulo H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have inability to maintain the normal levels of protein metabolism products, blood pressure and hematocrit. Periodontal disease involves an inflammatory destructive process. Identification of opportunistic viruses is extremely important as they are associated with co‐morbidities. The objective of this study was to analyse the presence of human herpesviruses in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from patients with CKD.MethodsOne hundred and thirty one individuals were divided depending on the stage of CKD: Group 1 (clearance of creatinine > 75 mL/min) patients with no renal disease (n = 24); Group 2 (clearance of creatinine of 11‐75 mL/min) patients with renal disease (n = 67); Group 3 (clearance of creatinine < 10 mL/min) patients on hemodialysis (n = 40). The parameters of periodontal disease were evaluated. The viral detection was assessed by PCR.Resultsconsidering the three groups, the prevalence of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV‐1) were 9% in saliva and 5% in GCF; Epstein‐Barr virus 36% in saliva and 39% in GCF; human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) 11% in GCF; varicella zoster virus 6% in saliva and 3% in GCF; of human herpesvirus‐6 (HHV‐6) 6% in saliva and 2% in GCF; and HHV‐7 44% in saliva and 8% in GCF. Of these patients, 46.48% presented with severe periodontitis. A statistically significant association between HSV‐1 and HCMV was found in hemodialysis patients and severe periodontitis was also more frequent among them.ConclusionThese findings show the importance of evaluating the periodontal disease and detecting herpesviruses in patients with CKD as the inflammatory process observed in these clinical conditions may worsen the course of both periodontal disease and CKD.
Correlation between alveolar bone morphology and volumetric dimensional changes in immediate maxillary implant placement: A 1‐year prospective cohort study
Authors: Borges Tiago , Fernandes Danilo , Almeida Bruno , Pereira Miguel , Martins David , Azevedo Luís , Marques Tiago 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundAfter a single tooth extraction, remodelling processes are initiated and morphological changes occur in the alveolar bone. It has been suggested that implant placement in a fresh extraction socket may partly reduce the alveolar ridge contraction and that several factors like the thickness of the buccal bone wall and the size of the gap between the implant and the facial bone wall may play a role on peri‐implant tissues dimensional alterations.MethodsTwenty‐six patients treated with single‐tooth maxillary implants were included in this study. A CBCT exam allowed to access the initial buccal bone thickness (BT). Digital impressions were taken prior to extractions (T0), 1 month (T1), 4 months (T2), and 12 months (T3) after implant insertion and superimposed with a computer software allowing to quantitatively analyse the three‐dimensional changes occurred in the adjacent tissues. Variables related to thickness and volume were computed.ResultsParticipants with BT ≤ 1 mm exhibited a significantly increased buccal peri‐implant tissue thickness change than patients with BT > 1 mm (P = 0.049). At T3 patients representing BT ≤ 1 mm exhibited a total volume change of −8.53% ± 5.47% compared with patients presenting BT > 1 mm, −4.37% ± 2.08%. No statistical significance was found on the distance between implant shoulder and the buccal bone plate (BID) effect.ConclusionAfter the first year of treatment peri‐implant tissues showed continuous changes resulting in a higher thickness and volume reduction at thin buccal bone plates.
Effect of artificial soil compaction in landfill capping systems on anisotropy of air‐permeability
Authors: Beck-Broichsitter Steffen , Fleige Heiner , Gerke Horst H. , Horn Rainer 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSoil air permeability is an important parameter which governs the aeration in soils that significantly promotes the root growth of field and grassland species and leads, in turn, to higher levels of evapotranspiration. The German Landfill Directive (2009) requires a rigid or a minimal shrinking capping system that ensures a high evapotranspiration rate to decrease the infiltration rate through the underlying waste body and therefore the leachate generation. This research is focussed on the questions if compacted glacial till can ensure the required rigidity and if and how air permeability is affected by soil compaction.The objective was to compare air‐filled porosity and the direction‐dependency of air permeability of a capping soil when assuming rigid and non‐rigid conditions considering a shrinkage factor. Intact soil cores were sampled in vertical and horizontal direction in 0.05, 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 m depths at two profiles of a mineral landfill capping system at the Rastorf landfill in Northern Germany. Desiccation experiments were carried out on differently‐compacted soils and soil shrinkage was measured with a 3D laser triangulation device, while the air permeability was estimated with an air flow meter.The results indicate that the “engineered” soil structure which was predominately platy due to a layered installation, led to a more anisotropic behaviour and therefore to higher air permeability in horizontal than in vertical direction. The compacted installation of the capping system seems to be effective and observes the statutory required more‐or‐less rigid system, otherwise, soil shrinkage would lead to vertical cracks and a more pronounced isotropic behaviour.
What Is in a “Lake” Name? That Which We Call a Lake by Any Other Name
Authors: Soranno Patricia A. , Webster Katherine E. , Smith Nicole J. , Díaz Vázquez Jessica , Cheruvelil Kendra Spence 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGiven how important lakes are to people, it might seem safe to assume that careful thought has been put into the naming of lakes, and that lake names reflect the high societal value people place on lakes. We examined these assumptions by analyzing the official names in the U.S. Geographic Names Information System for the 479,950 lakes ≥ 1 ha in the conterminous U.S. We found that 83% of lakes were unnamed and most of these were small lakes with 80% of unnamed lakes being smaller than 4 ha. Based on the 83,115 named lakes, we found that lake names reflect peoples' everyday lives, that lakes can inspire creativity (although the most common lake name is “Mud”), that Native American and indigenous languages have played a role in lake naming, and that there are regional differences in lake names. Unfortunately, we also found that derogatory terms were part of some lake names. We advocate for thoughtful and inclusive official naming of the 400,000 unnamed lakes in the U.S., as well as renaming of the lakes with derogatory terms to help focus attention on the importance of lakes to local communities and nations.
A new perspective on measuring the corrosion rate of localized corrosion
Authors: Angst Ueli , Büchler Markus 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMany corrosion phenomena are nonuniform, which means that anodic and cathodic locations are spatially separated. An example is macrocell corrosion of steel in concrete. Under these conditions, determining the corrosion rate from polarization resistance measurements and using the Stern–Geary equation is fundamentally not possible. We present a novel theoretical approach for the interpretation of galvanostatic pulse measurements, to make them applicable as a method for corrosion rate measurements in situations of localized corrosion. Experiments show that it is important to consider that (a) only a fraction of the applied current flows through the anode of the macrocell, and (b) this current is not constant over time. We propose an approach to quantify and consider these two effects, based on information generally accessible in condition assessment of concrete structures. Our results show that galvanostatic pulse measurements are a robust method to determine the corrosion current. With the traditional empirical approach, the measurement error was generally below factor 3, and occasionally up to factor 10. With the novel approach, this error could be reduced to a factor of maximum 2 in all cases.
Synthesis and Solution Processing of Nylon‐5 Ferroelectric Thin Films: The Renaissance of Odd‐Nylons?
Authors: von Tiedemann Philipp , Anwar Saleem , Kemmer‐Jonas Ulrike , Asadi Kamal , Frey Holger 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAmong odd‐nylons, nylon‐5 exhibits the highest remanent polarization and is thus a desirable material for many applications of ferroelectric polymers. However, nylon‐5 has never been used as a ferroelectric material, because the synthesis of nylon‐5 and its processing into thin films are challenging. This work revisits the synthesis of nylon‐5 via anionic ring opening polymerization (AROP) and studies the effect of reaction time and scale‐up on (i) molecular weight (Mn), (ii) melting point (Tm), (iii) yield, and (iv) ferroelectric properties. For the first time, the molecular weight of nylon‐5 is characterized via size exclusion chromatography (SEC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, as well as matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI ToF‐MS), showing Mn values of up to 12 500 g mol‐1. Extended reaction times and the synthesis on a larger scale increase the molecular weight and yield. Nylon‐5 thin films are fabricated from a TFA:acetone (60:40 mol%) solvent mixture. Nylon‐5 thin‐film capacitors are ferroelectric and show a remanent polarization as high as 12.5 ± 0.5 μC cm‐2, which is stable in time. The high remanent polarization values, combined with the facile solution processing, render nylon‐5 a promising candidate for future microelectronic and multi‐ferroic applications.
Diagnosis of Aicardi‐Goutières Syndrome in Adults: A Case Series
Authors: Videira Gonçalo , Malaquias Maria João , Laranjinha Inês , Martins Ricardo , Taipa Ricardo , Magalhães Marina 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionAicardi‐Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a genetic disease presenting with early‐onset encephalopathy, generalized dystonia, spasticity, and cognitive disability. Diagnosis may be difficult in adults, as the clinical course seems static from infancy.MethodsAGS patients from an adult movement disorders outpatient clinic were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsA total of 5 patients and 1 asymptomatic carrier from 3 different families were identified. All had a homozygous c.529G>A,p.A177T mutation in exon 7 of the RNASEH2B gene. Two patients had neonatal‐onset AGS, 2 had later onset forms, and 1 was slightly symptomatic. All were diagnosed in adulthood after chilblains, and basal ganglia calcifications were identified on computed tomography scans.DiscussionAGS patients have marked phenotypic variability regarding psychomotor development and morbidity. The present series included 1 asymptomatic carrier and 1 slightly symptomatic patient, both with homozygous RNASEH2B mutations. Chilblains and basal ganglia calcifications identified on computed tomography scan (but not on magnetic resonance imaging) are important clues for late diagnosis.
A new ultra‐wideband miniaturized antenna with a double‐branch radiator
Authors: Shin Hyunwoong , Jiang Shan , Yang Jaeseong , Kim Hyung‐hoon , Kim Hyeongdong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe antenna proposed in this study is a double‐branch radiator antenna. The radiator of this antenna is neither a conventional single‐branch radiator nor is it just a simple combination of 2 radiator branches. Moreover, a parallel resonance wideband feeding technology is used on the feed structure of the proposed antenna. The reference antenna in this study was a conventional single‐branch radiator antenna, which also uses the parallel resonance wideband feeding technology. A total of 3 resonant current modes are generated with the proposed antenna. The operating mechanisms of the 3 modes were analyzed in detail. The results showed that the impedance bandwidth was significantly enhanced with the simple modification. The impedance bandwidth reached 210 MHz (0.83‐1.04 GHz), which is 2 times that of the reference antenna and approximately 4 to 5 times that of a conventional planar inverted‐F antenna (PIFA).
Flexible CPW fed transparent antenna for WLAN and sub‐6 GHz 5G applications
Authors: Desai Arpan , Upadhyaya Trushit , Patel Jay , Patel Riki , Palandoken Merih 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA transparent flexible co‐planar waveguide fed patch antenna using polyethylene terephthalate substrate is presented. The wideband high gain antenna having an overall dimension of 0.48λ
× 0.64λ at the center frequency of 4.28 GHz is fabricated using a transparent sheet made up of Silver Tin Oxide (AgHT‐8). The performance of the proposed antenna is compared with four other nontransparent nonflexible and semitransparent flexible antennas. For the engineered design, patch geometry and feeding mechanism are kept constant whereas the substrate and patch materials are varied. Simulations are carried out using finite element method‐based full wave high‐frequency structure simulator after which the antennas are fabricated and tested. The proposed flexible transparent antenna has bandwidth in order of 40%, ranging from 3.89 to 5.9 GHz, with a notable gain over 3 dBi and efficiency greater than 80% for the entire frequency band. The bending conditions are also tested for the flexible transparent antenna which showed decent performance for sub‐6 GHz 5G and WLAN applications.
Pseudo‐CT generation from multi‐parametric MRI using a novel multi‐channel multi‐path conditional generative adversarial network for nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients
Authors: Tie Xin , Lam Sai‐Kit , Zhang Yong , Lee Kar‐Ho , Au Kwok‐Hung , Cai Jing 
Published: February 2020

PurposeTo develop and evaluate a novel method for pseudo‐CT generation from multi‐parametric MR images using multi‐channel multi‐path generative adversarial network (MCMP‐GAN).MethodsPre‐ and post‐contrast T1‐weighted (T1‐w), T2‐weighted (T2‐w) MRI, and treatment planning CT images of 32 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients were employed to train a pixel‐to‐pixel MCMP‐GAN. The network was developed based on a 5‐level Residual U‐Net (ResU‐Net) with the channel‐based independent feature extraction network to generate pseudo‐CT images from multi‐parametric MR images. The discriminator with five convolutional layers was added to distinguish between the real CT and pseudo‐CT images, improving the nonlinearity and prediction accuracy of the model. Eightfold cross validation was implemented to validate the proposed MCMP‐GAN. The pseudo‐CT images were evaluated against the corresponding planning CT images based on mean absolute error (MAE), peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR), Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), and Structural similarity index (SSIM). Similar comparisons were also performed against the multi‐channel single‐path GAN (MCSP‐GAN), the single‐channel single‐path GAN (SCSP‐GAN).ResultsIt took approximately 20 h to train the MCMP‐GAN model on a Quadro P6000, and less than 10 s to generate all pseudo‐CT images for the subjects in the test set. The average head MAE between pseudo‐CT and planning CT was 75.7 ± 14.6 Hounsfield Units (HU) for MCMP‐GAN, significantly (P‐values < 0.05) lower than that for MCSP‐GAN (79.2 ± 13.0 HU) and SCSP‐GAN (85.8 ± 14.3 HU). For bone only, the MCMP‐GAN yielded a smaller mean MAE (194.6 ± 38.9 HU) than MCSP‐GAN (203.7 ± 33.1 HU), SCSP‐GAN (227.0 ± 36.7 HU). The average PSNR of MCMP‐GAN (29.1 ± 1.6) was found to be higher than that of MCSP‐GAN (28.8 ± 1.2) and SCSP‐GAN (28.2 ± 1.3). In terms of metrics for image similarity, MCMP‐GAN achieved the highest SSIM (0.92 ± 0.02) but did not show significantly improved bone DSC results in comparison with MCSP‐GAN.ConclusionsWe developed a novel multi‐channel GAN approach for generating pseudo‐CT from multi‐parametric MR images. Our preliminary results in NPC patients showed that the MCMP‐GAN method performed apparently superior to the U‐Net‐GAN and SCSP‐GAN, and slightly better than MCSP‐GAN.
Optimizing SNR for multi‐metabolite hyperpolarized carbon‐13 MRI using a hybrid flip‐angle scheme
Authors: Smith Lauren M. , Wade Trevor P. , Friesen‐Waldner Lanette J. , McKenzie Charles A. 
Published: February 2020

PurposeTo improve the SNR of hyperpolarized carbon‐13 MRI of [1‐13C]pyruvate using a multispectral variable flip angle (msVFA) scheme in which the spectral profile and flip angle vary dynamically with time.MethodsEach image acquisition in a time‐resolved imaging experiment used a unique spectrally varying RF pulse shape for msVFA. Therefore, the flip angle for every acquisition was optimized for pyruvate and each of its metabolites to yield the highest SNR across the acquisition. Multispectral VFA was compared with a spectrally varying constant flip‐angle excitation model through simulations and in vivo. A modified broadband chemical shift‐encoded gradient‐echo sequence was used for in vivo experiments on six pregnant guinea pigs. Regions of interest placed in the placentae, maternal liver, and maternal kidneys were used as areas for SNR measurement.ResultsIn vivo experiments showed significant increases in SNR for msVFA relative to constant flip angle of up to 250% for multiple metabolites.ConclusionHyperpolarized carbon‐13 imaging with msVFA excitation produces improved SNR for all metabolites in organs of interest.
Emerging technologies in neuromuscular ultrasound
Authors: Hobson‐Webb Lisa D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNeuromuscular ultrasound is an accepted and valuable element in the evaluation of peripheral nerve and muscle disease. However, ultrasound has several limitations to consider, including operator dependency and lack of a viable contrast agent. Fortunately, new technological advances show promise in resolving these issues. Ultra‐high resolution ultrasound enables imaging of the nerve at the fascicular level. Shear wave elastography imaging can provide measures of tissue stiffness that can act as a surrogate measure of nerve and muscle health. Photoacoustic imaging may overcome neuromuscular ultrasound's current lack of contrast agents to detect inflammation and other functional changes within nerve and muscle, while artificial intelligence stands to address operator dependency and improve diagnostic imaging. The basic principles of each of these technologies are discussed along with current research and potential future applications in neuromuscular imaging.
Low interrater reliability of brachial plexus MRI in chronic inflammatory neuropathies
Authors: van Rosmalen Marieke H. J. , Goedee H. Stephan , van der Gijp Anouk , Witkamp Theo D. , Froeling Martijn , Hendrikse Jeroen , van der Pol W. Ludo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionMagnetic resonance imaging of the brachial plexus shows nerve thickening in approximately half of the patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) and multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN). The reliability of qualitative evaluation of brachial plexus MRI has not been studied previously.MethodsWe performed an interrater study in a retrospective cohort of 19 patients with CIDP, 17 patients with MMN, and 14 controls. The objective was to assess interrater variability between radiologists by using a predefined scoring system that allowed the distinction of no, possible, or definite nerve thickening.ResultsRaters agreed in 26 of 50 (52%) brachial plexus images; κ‐coefficient was 0.30 (SE 0.08, 95% confidence interval 0.14–0.46, P < .0005).DiscussionOur results provide evidence that interrater reliability of qualitative evaluation of brachial plexus MRI is low. Objective criteria for abnormality are required to optimize the diagnostic value of MRI for inflammatory neuropathies.