bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvising packet delivery and reducing delay ratio in mobile ad hoc network using neighbor coverage‐based topology control algorithm
Authors: Rajakumari K. , Punitha P. , Lakshmana Kumar R. , Suresh C. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryMobile ad hoc network (MANET) is an infrastructure‐less network. Every Node act as a sender as well as receiver while sending a packet. Neighbor coverage probabilistic rebroadcasting (NCPR) protocol plays a momentous role in MANET for determining a route by helping the transitional nodes to onward a packet when the mobile nodes are not in the transmission space. This protocol minimizes the interference among node and increases the network capacity. There occurs a delay in the network while sending a packet via failure route or channel. Before sending a packet in the network, all the neighbor nodes have to be verified to avert congestion in the network. Quality of service (QoS) plays an important role in the development of MANET. In this research work, delay and neighbor connectivity‐based constrain is focused. The impact of node mobility during interference and delay is examined using network coding‐based topology control algorithm. By using this algorithm, irrelevant links are identified and detached from the topology. The simulation result shows that neighbor coverage established topology control algorithm for delay (NCTCAD) can reduce the delay and upturn the performance in MANETs.
Unrecognized controls on microbial functioning in Blue Carbon ecosystems: The role of mineral enzyme stabilization and allochthonous substrate supply
Authors: Mueller Peter , Granse Dirk , Nolte Stefanie , Weingartner Magdalena , Hoth Stefan , Jensen Kai 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTidal wetlands are effective carbon sinks, mitigating climate change through the long‐term removal of atmospheric CO2. Studies along surface‐elevation and thus flooding‐frequency gradients in tidal wetlands are often used to understand the effects of accelerated sea‐level rise on carbon sequestration, a process that is primarily determined by the balance of primary production and microbial decomposition. It has often been hypothesized that rates of microbial decomposition would increase with elevation and associated increases in soil oxygen availability; however, previous studies yield a wide range of outcomes and equivocal results. Our mechanistic understanding of the elevation–decomposition relationship is limited because most effort has been devoted to understanding the terminal steps of the decomposition process. A few studies assessed microbial exo‐enzyme activities (EEAs) as initial and rate‐limiting steps that often reveal important insight into microbial energy and nutrient constraints. The present study assessed EEAs and microbial abundance along a coastal ecotone stretching a flooding gradient from tidal flat to high marsh in the European Wadden Sea. We found that stabilization of exo‐enzymes to mineral sediments leads to high specific EEAs at low substrate concentrations in frequently flooded, sediment‐rich zones of the studied ecotone. We argue that the high background activity of a mineral‐associated enzyme pool provides a stable decomposition matrix in highly dynamic, frequently flooded zones. Furthermore, we demonstrate that microbial communities are less nutrient limited in frequently flooded zones, where inputs of nutrient‐rich marine organic matter are higher. This was reflected in both increasing exo‐enzymatic carbon versus nutrient acquisition and decreasing fungal versus bacterial abundance with increasing flooding frequency. Our findings thereby suggest two previously unrecognized mechanisms that may contribute to stimulated microbial activity despite decreasing oxygen availability in response to accelerated sea‐level rise.
Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor Based on Pt Doped NiO Nanoparticles/MWCNTs Nanocomposite Modified Electrode for Simultaneous Sensing of Piroxicam and Amlodipine
Authors: Dehdashti Aliyeh , Babaei Ali 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a high‐sensitivity electrochemical sensor based on platinum (Pt) doped nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) modified glassy carbon electrode (Pt−NiO/MWCNTs/GCE) has been developed to determine piroxicam (PIR) and amlodipine (AML) simultaneously. The electrochemical behavior of PIR and AML at the proposed sensor has been investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and chronoamperometry (CA) methods. Pt doped NiO nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol‐gel procedure and were investigated using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) techniques. DPV responses of PIR and AML increased linearly with their concentration in wide linear dynamic ranges of 0.6–320.0 μM and 1.0–250.0 μM, respectively. The limits of detection were 0.061 μM for PIR and 0.092 μM for AML. The excellent analytical figure of merits of the proposed modified electrode leads to application of it promising electrochemical sensor to determine PIR and AML in human serum and urine with satisfactory results.
Description of the Effects of Non‐ion‐exchange Extraction and Intra‐membrane Interactions on the Ion‐selective Electrodes Response within the Interface Equilibria‐triggered Model
Authors: Egorov Vladimir V. , Novakovskii Andrei D. , Salih Faisal A. , Semenov Andrei V. , Akayeu Yauhen B. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe recently proposed interface equilibria‐triggered dynamic diffusion model of the boundary potential has proven its high predictive efficiency for quantification of the ion exchange and co‐extraction effects at the interface, as well as of the trans‐membrane transfer effect, on the electrode response. It is applicable for both ion exchanger‐based and neutral carrier‐based electrodes. In this communication, the adaptability of this model to more complex cases, when non‐ion‐exchange extraction processes at the interface (partition of organic acids’ and bases’ molecular forms and extraction of ionic associates) are coupled with protolytic equilibria in the aqueous phase and with self‐solvation process in the membrane phase, is demonstrated. By the example of electrodes reversible to ions of highly lipophilic physiologically active bases and acids (amiodarone, verapamil, vinpocetine, salicylic acid), it is shown that the peculiarities of their functioning, such as a very strong pH effect on the potential of cation‐selective electrodes, non‐monotonic pH dependence of the potential and super‐Nernstian response slope in certain pH region for a salicylate‐selective electrode, are well described within the model.
Diagnostic value of Chorioquick for detecting chorioamnionitis in women with premature rupture of membranes
Authors: Eleje George U. , Ukah Cornelius O. , Onyiaorah Igwebuike V. , Ezugwu Euzebus C. , Ugwu Emmanuel O. , Ohayi Samuel R. , Eleje Lydia I. , Egeonu Richard O. , Ezebialu Ifeanyichukwu U. , Obiora Chukwudi C. , Enebe Joseph T. , Ajah Leonard O. , Okafor Chigozie G. , Okoro Chukwuemeka C. , Asogwa Augustine O. , Ogbuokiri Doris K. , Ikechebelu Joseph I. , Eke Ahizechukwu C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the accuracy of a semi‐quantitative interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) vaginal secretion rapid test (Chorioquick) for detecting chorioamnionitis in women with premature rupture of membranes (PROM).MethodsA prospective cohort study in five tertiary hospitals in Nigeria involved women with confirmed PROM at term and preterm PROM with or without suspected chorioamnionitis from August 1, 2017, to October 31, 2018. Cervicovaginal fluid samples were tested for chorioamnionitis using the Chorioquick test. Samples were repeated at decision to deliver. The test was considered positive if at least the indicator ‘IL‐6 low’ of the three Chorioquick biomarkers (low, medium, high) was positive, or negative if none of the biomarkers were positive. Chorioamnionitis was histologically confirmed post‐delivery using three tissue samples. Primary outcome measures were sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy.ResultsOf 73 women, on histological confirmation, 39 were true positive and 29 were true negative (for chorioamnionitis) to the Chorioquick test at repeat assessment. Overall, the Chorioquick test had a sensitivity of 97.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 85.3–99.9), specificity 87.9% (70.9–96.0), and accuracy 93.2% (79.5–99.1). Sub‐group analysis of women <37 weeks of pregnancy showed a sensitivity of 100.0% (95% CI 83.4–100.0), specificity of 91.3% (70.5–98.5), and accuracy of 95.8% (82.5–99.5). Triple positive samples were 100.0% specific in all gestations.ConclusionChorioquick showed favorable utility for detecting chorioamnionitis in PROM and could be a reliable, non‐invasive rapid tool in a real‐world clinical setting.
Enhanced hemocompatibility and antibacterial activity on titania nanotubes with tanfloc/heparin polyelectrolyte multilayers
Authors: Sabino Roberta M. , Kauk Kirsten , Madruga Liszt Y. C. , Kipper Matt J. , Martins Alessandro F. , Popat Ketul C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBiomaterial‐associated thrombus formation and bacterial infection remain major challenges for blood‐contacting devices. For decades, titanium‐based implants have been largely used for different medical applications. However, titanium can neither suppress blood coagulation, nor prevent bacterial infections. To address these challenges, tanfloc/heparin polyelectrolyte multilayers on titania nanotubes array surfaces (NT) were developed. The surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and water contact angle measurements. To evaluate the hemocompatibility of the surfaces, fibrinogen adsorption, Factor XII activation, and platelet adhesion and activation were analyzed. The antibacterial activity was investigated against Gram‐negative P. aeruginosa and Gram‐positive S. aureus. Bacterial adhesion and morphology, as well as biofilm formation, were analyzed using fluorescence microscopy and SEM. The anti‐thrombogenic properties of the surfaces were demonstrated by significant decreases in fibrinogen adsorption, Factor XII activation, and platelet adhesion and activation. Modifying NT with tanfloc/heparin also reduces the adhesion and proliferation of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus bacteria after 24 hr of incubation, with no biofilm formation. The modified NT surfaces with tanfloc/heparin polyelectrolyte multilayers are a promising biomaterial for use on implant surfaces because of their enhanced blood biocompatibility and antibacterial properties.
6‐O‐(3″, 4″‐di‐O‐trans‐cinnamoyl)‐α‐l‐rhamnopyranosylcatalpol and verbascoside: Cytotoxicity, cell cycle kinetics, apoptosis, and ROS production evaluation in tumor cells
Authors: Vasincu Alexandru , Neophytou Christiana M. , Luca Simon Vlad , Skalicka‐Woźniak Krystyna , Miron Anca , Constantinou Andreas I. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the impact that 6‐O‐(3″, 4″‐di‐O‐trans‐cinnamoyl)‐α‐
l‐rhamnopyranosylcatalpol (Dicinn) and verbascoside (Verb), two compounds simultaneously reported in Verbascum ovalifolium, have on tumor cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle kinetics, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. At 100 µg/mL and 48 hours incubation time, Dicinn and Verb produced good cytotoxic effects in A549, HT‐29, and MCF‐7 cells. Dicinn induced cell‐cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and apoptosis, whereas Verb increased the population of subG1 cells and cell apoptosis rates. Furthermore, the two compounds exhibited time‐dependent ROS generating effects in tumor cells (1‐24 hours). Importantly, no cytotoxic effects were induced in nontumor MCF‐10A cells by the two compounds up to 100 µg/mL. Overall, the effects exhibited by Verb in tumor cells were more potent, which can be correlated with its structural features, such as the presence of phenolic hydroxyl groups.
LncRNA‐UCA1 inhibits the astrocyte activation in the temporal lobe epilepsy via regulating the JAK/STAT signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Hongxin , Yao Guangyan , Li Lei , Ma Zhaoyin , Chen Jing , Chen Wen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article aimed to reveal the mechanism of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) urothelial cancer‐associated 1 (UCA1) regulated astrocyte activation in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) rats via mediating the activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. A model of TLE was established based on rats via kainic acid (KA) injection. All rats were divided into the Sham group (without any treatments), KA group, normal control (NC; injection with empty vector) + KA group, and UCA1 +  KA group. The Morris water maze was used to test the learning and memory ability of rats, and the expression of UCA1 in the hippocampus was determined by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Surviving neurons were counted by Nissl staining, and expression levels of glial cells glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), p‐JAK1, and p‐STAT3 and glutamate/aspartate transporter (GLAST) were analyzed by immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis. A rat model of TLE was established by intraperitoneal injection of KA. qRT‐PCR and fluorescence analyses showed that UCA1 inhibited astrocyte activation in the hippocampus of epileptic rats. Meanwhile, the Morris water maze analysis indicated that UCA1 improved the learning and memory in epilepsy rats. Moreover, the Nissl staining showed that UCA1 might have a protective effect on neuronal injury induced by KA injection. Furthermore, the immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis revealed that the overexpression of UCA1 inhibited KA‐induced abnormal elevation of GLAST, astrocyte activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, as well as hippocampus of epilepsy rats. UCA1 inhibited hippocampal astrocyte activation and JAK/STAT/GLAST expression in TLE rats and improved the adverse reactions caused by epilepsy.
Microscopic research on the properties of optothermal microactuators with different lever ratios
Authors: Zhang Ziyao , Wang Yingda , You Qingyang , Zhang Haijun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper presents microscopic research on properties of asymmetric optothermal microactuator (OTMA) with different lever ratios. A theoretical model is established on the basis of thermal flux theorem to describe the increase in temperature induced by laser irradiation and thermal expansion of OTMAs' expansion arms. The increases in temperature of three asymmetric OTMAs with total lengths/lever ratios of 540 μm/7.2, 1,080 μm/7.2, 1,080 μm/14.4 were simulated under irradiation of 2.8 mW laser beam, which revealed that a similar increase in temperature will distribute on three expansion arms, with maximum the temperature increase of 82.73, 87.67, and 88.03°C, respectively. Due to these increases in temperature, the arms expand longitudinally and thus the OTMAs are capable of deflecting laterally with enlarged deflection amplitudes. To obtain optimized deflecting properties, three OTMAs with aforementioned lever ratios are further microfabricated and experimented using an optical microscopic observation and measuring system combined with a charge‐coupled device. The experimental results show that these OTMAs can be directly actuated by laser beam and acquire maximum deflections of 6.8, 7.2, and 11.4 μm when only 2.8 mW laser power is employed. In addition, it is demonstrated that, although doubling the lever ratio of OTMA does not correspondingly generate twofold deflection, the deflection amplitude can significantly increase with the increase in the lever ratio. With their characteristic elegances, the OTMAs are expected to be practically applied in the micro‐electromechanical system and the micro‐opto‐electromechanical system.
How the rate of change and control of a modular product architecture impact firm‐level outcomes
Authors: Galvin Peter , Burton Nicholas , Bach Norbert , Rice John 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWho controls a product architecture and the rate at which this architecture changes, impacts the type of outcomes a firm can expect to derive from utilizing a modular product architecture? Advantages such as increased levels of innovation, quick determination of consumer preferences and lower production costs have been linked to modular product architectures. However, such architectures have also been linked to detrimental outcomes such as high levels of competition and commoditization along with higher development costs. It is via the introduction of two key moderating variables that we improve our understanding of the impact that a modular product architecture has upon different firm‐level outcomes.
Surgical management of giant juvenile fibroadenoma with skin reducing tumor resection and immediate breast reconstruction: A single‐center experience
Authors: Du Fengzhou , Dong Ruijia , Zeng Ang , Liu Zhifei , Yu Nanze , Wang Xiaojun , Zhu Lin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesGiant juvenile fibroadenoma (GJF) is a rare benign tumor that disfiguring affects the breast shape and quality of life of patients. This study aimed to report the experience of GJF management.MethodsA Wise‐pattern skin reducing tumor resection followed by immediate breast reconstruction with a dermal flap pocket was used. The long‐term outcomes were assessed retrospectively by BREAST‐Q questionnaire from 2008 to 2018.ResultsThe study included eight patients with GJF. All patients achieved satisfactory results without severe complications. The BREAST‐Q revealed that postoperative scores for satisfaction with breasts (69.3 ± 17.6) and sexual wellbeing (62.3 ± 27.6) were higher than the normative scores. The psychosocial wellbeing (69.7 ± 14.6) and physical wellbeing‐chest (86.8 ± 13.0) scores were slightly lower than the normative scores.ConclusionAlthough GJF is a benign tumor, it should be surgically removed. And the Wise‐pattern skin reducing tumor resection with immediate breast reconstruction is a proper way to improve patients’ satisfaction with breast size and shape and quality of life.
Nafion Ionomer Dispersion in Mixtures of 1‐Propanol and Water Based on the Martini Coarse‐Grained Model
Authors: Mabuchi Takuya , Huang Sheng‐Feng , Tokumasu Takashi 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTThe self‐assembly of Nafion ionomer in a mixture of 1‐propanol (NPA) and water was investigated using coarse‐grained molecular dynamics simulations. Ionomer formation into cylindrical bundle‐like aggregates is observed when the ionomer chain size is sufficiently large. The size of ionomer bundles decreases (the diameter decreased from ~2.5 to ~1.9 nm) with increasing NPA content, which indicates that the ionomers tend to be more dispersed at higher NPA content. The results of simulations are in good quantitative agreement with the stable size of an ionomer bundle estimated from our free energy calculations as well as the available experimental data. Furthermore, in contrast to the polarizable NPA model, the standard nonpolarizable NPA model shows the opposite trend that the ionomer size increases with increasing NPA content because of a higher localization of hydronium ions at the bundle surface, revealing that the polarization effect plays a significant role in determining the aggregation behaviors. The present study provides insight into the control of ionomer self‐assembly toward obtaining targeted structures for specific purposes. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. 2020, 58, 487–499
Statistical inference for constant‐stress accelerated life tests with dependent competing risks from Marshall‐Olkin bivariate exponential distribution
Authors: Bai Xuchao , Shi Yimin , Liu Yiming , Zhang Chunfang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper considers a constant‐stress accelerated dependent competing risks model under Type‐II censoring. The dependent structure between competing risks is modeled by a Marshall‐Olkin bivariate exponential distribution, and the accelerated model is described by the power rule model. The point and interval estimation of the model parameters and the reliability function under the normal usage condition at mission time are obtained by using the maximum likelihood estimation method and the bootstrap sampling technique. Moreover, the pivotal quantities based estimation are adopted to estimate the model parameters and the generalized confidence intervals. As a comparison, we also consider the Bayes estimation and the highest posterior density credible intervals for the model parameters based on conjugate priors and importance sampling method, respectively. To illustrate the proposed methodology, a Monte Carlo simulation is used to study the performances of different estimation methods. Finally, a dataset is analyzed for illustrative purpose and a comparison with the original results is also given.
An experimental investigation into effect of temperature rise on mechanical and visual characteristics of concrete containing recycled metal spring
Authors: Pachideh Ghasem , Gholhaki Majid 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRecycled fibers can enhance the compressive, tensile, and flexural strength of the concrete exposed to high temperatures. The main effect of these fibers on concrete is to reduce the generation of wide cracks developed by heat and pressure. Their behavioral mechanism is such that by bridging between cement paste and aggregates, the concrete structure is strengthened and as a result, cracks with great widths will not be developed. In this paper, the effect of elevated temperatures on the mechanical properties of concretes containing steel and polypropylene fibers as well as recycled metal springs with bore diameters of 8, 12, 16, and 20 mm, is experimentally studied. The results approve that using metal springs increases the concrete's strength for up to 80%. Among different types of fibers added to the concrete, the springs with a bore diameter of 12 mm and steel fibers could most effectively improve the compressive and tensile strengths, respectively. Furthermore, the threshold temperature at which the strengths will severely decline is measured at 500°C.
Monochorionic twins after in‐vitro fertilization: do they have poorer outcomes?
Authors: Couck I. , Van Nylen L. , Deprest J. , Lewi L. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo compare the outcome of monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twin pregnancies conceived by in‐vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with that of spontaneously conceived MCDA twins.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of MCDA twin pregnancies conceived after IVF/ICSI or spontaneously, followed from the first trimester onwards at a single center between January 2002 and September 2018. The primary outcome was survival per fetus from the first trimester until 28 days after birth. Secondary outcome measures were number of survivors, miscarriage, termination of pregnancy, intrauterine and neonatal death, major congenital anomalies, twin–twin transfusion syndrome, selective fetal growth restriction, gestational age at birth, delivery before 32 weeks' gestation, mode of delivery, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, birth weight and birth‐weight discordance.ResultsOf the 654 MCDA pregnancies included in the analysis, 80 were conceived by IVF/ICSI and 574 spontaneously. Overall fetal and neonatal survival was significantly lower in the IVF/ICSI group than in the spontaneous‐conception group (79% vs 90%; P = 0.001). In the IVF/ICSI group, compared with the spontaneous‐conception group, loss of one or both twins occurred twice as often (29% vs 14%; P = 0.001) and there was a higher risk of second‐trimester miscarriage (8% vs 1%; P = 0.002).ConclusionsMCDA twins conceived after IVF/ICSI have lower overall survival rates and higher rates of second‐trimester miscarriage than do spontaneously conceived MCDA twins. Copyright © 2020 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.