bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Street architectural models. Research on improving readability, ergonomics and safety of use
Authors: Kłopotowska Agnieszka 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the first decade of the new millennium, new urban furniture - tactile architectural models dedicated to the blind, began to appear in the spaces of Polish cities and towns. These facilities aroused great interest of tourists and city dwellers, enjoying special popularity among children. By 2017, this type of collection had over 70 objects, which placed Poland at the forefront of Europe. The new form of urban modelling dispelled spontaneously, without specific guidelines and regulations, which unfortunately led to the emergence and reproduction of many faulty solutions. In the years 2016 - 2018, the research team A. Kłopotowska, M. Kłopotowski conducted the first comprehensive research in Poland, based on analyses of the whole set of models, available until mid-2017. This text is the substantive continuation of the author’s 2017 publication entitled: Tactile architectural models as universal “urban furniture” (WMCAUS Conference, 2017). At that time, partial results of the research were presented, including the reasons for a street modelling career, the diversity of the Polish collection, problems arising from incorrect design, execution, sharing and use, and the reasons for faulty solutions. Currently, the author presents a report of the final stage of the team’s research to the date, consisting of the development of specific design and implementation guidelines, as well as technical and operational guidelines that can improve the quality of such studies as the universal urban furniture. The research results can be used as guidelines for the correct design of newly planned models, but also for the introduction of repair solutions for existing models.
Utilization of Modern Optical Methods for Creation of Digital Model of Human
Authors: Dědič Martin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The aim of the paper is to describe the methodology of creating a digital model of human using an optical 3D scanner. This methodology consists of several main phases, such as preparing the scan for human movement, scanning in the shortest possible time, and processing the data obtained by scanning. The data processing itself is divided into other sub-phases, which describe the individual steps necessary to create a digital model. The paper describes obstacles that need to be eliminated or minimized during 3D scanning in order not to disrupt the integrity of the model and to create a digital model.
Illumination of Objects and Lighting of Public Spaces
Authors: Fross Klaudiusz , Gumińska Anna 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The purpose of the research presented in this work are qualitative analyzes regarding night illumination of public buildings and spaces in selected large cities. The research concerned selected objects, a fragment or the whole city. The quality of illumination, direct and indirect effects of lighting spaces and objects, and the impact of lighting on users were examined. The functions of illumination it performs in the city space were also studied. The main results of research and observation include the fact that night illuminations of cities play an important role and are beneficial in various profit zones. The combination of LED and photovoltaic technology gives excellent economic results. Inhabitants and tourists are staying in public spaces in the evening, walking and using gastronomic services. They stay longer and are happy to come back or recommend such places to others. The lighting of objects and spaces plays an important role, e.g. functional, aesthetic and functional. It allows you to ensure safety, pleasure and attractiveness of use, and allows you to extend the use of space and objects, and shapes the space by highlighting and highlighting important objects, the dominant. The most important conclusions should be that lighting and photovoltaic technologies are constantly evolving, becoming more effective and cheaper. It is also important to use the latest lighting solutions for new projects and shape the space depending on the users’ needs, using qualitative research of public space. Currently, there are trends in lighting buildings. There are probably no important objects without their night illumination. There are cities such as Budapest, Lion, Hong Kong, Opole, which have planned overall illumination of the whole or part of the city. Especially in the vicinity of the river or bay, the water is an additional element enhancing the aesthetic effects in the form of reflection of lights.
Role of Contemporary Landscape Architecture in Public Spaces in Terms of Shaping Architectural Education and Recreation - Selected Examples from China
Authors: Zhou Mo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In full respect of the original, historical, cultural and natural conditions of the original site, contemporary Landscape Architecture can help to convert the site into public space characterised with a full range of functionalities. Extending the social offer of given sites with leisure and recreation options, the landscape architecture contributes to reshape public spaces into better and more sustainable places. Referring to three different case studies exemplifying the transformation of abandoned sites into functional public space during urban and rural regeneration in China, the paper focuses on the research of regeneration of sites converted into public space intended to provide recreation, leisure and educational opportunities to local communities. Through the application of a variety of forms and techniques, the contemporary Landscape Architecture can increase the appeal of public space and its vitality. This paper aims to present the results of the analysis of three different modern landscape designs implemented in abandoned areas. The referred to examples clearly testify for the fact that the contemporary landscape architecture can effectively promote the integration of education and leisure to create open space compliant with the ecological principles of sustainable development, i.e. where identification and assessment of the relationship between Landscape Architecture and the surroundings, identification and assessment of the diversity and attractiveness of public space and possible Landscape Architecture solutions can turn into direct benefits for the space users.
Housing Conditions of Elderly People in Poland
Authors: Przybyła Katarzyna , Hełdak Maria , Marcak Izabela Kurtyka 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The aim of the study is to determine the actual housing conditions of retired persons in terms of their place of residence, households of the elderly, type of buildings where they live and their willingness to move to a different apartment, adapted to the needs connected with movement limitations of the elderly. Research was conducted on a group of people in post-working age who live in a region of Lower Silesia in Poland. The main tool used was public opinion survey. The conducted analyses revealed that in rural areas, retired persons live in multi-generation families, while in towns – with their spouses or alone. Country dwellers prefer to spend their old age where they have lived before, while city inhabitants are much more willing to move from their apartments to flats adapted to the special needs of the elderly. This applies to all age groups of respondents.
Wave Forecasting Dependent from Bottom Roughness: The Case of the Marano and Grado Lagoon
Authors: Pascolo Sara , Petti Marco , Bosa Silvia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Several forecasting curves have been developed in order to provide a useful estimation of the wind wave field generated on shallow depths. In particular, these equations can be successfully applied in confined and sheltered basins, such as lakes, or even lagoons and semi – enclosed estuarine in coastal environments. The important role of the bottom friction dissipation in the generation process has been deeply recognized, leading to a reformulation of the available curves in terms of the equivalent bed roughness. In the present study, the recent new set of equations is considered and applied to a coastal lagoon. The results in terms of significant wave height and peak period are compared to those derived from a complete numerical model and other previous curves. The performed application corroborates and further validate the forecasting equations.
Assessment Methods for Fire Durability of Intumescent Fire Protection Coatings
Authors: Eremina Tatiana , Korolchenko Dmitry , Minailov Denis 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Fire durability of intumescent coatings is their ability to retain their fire-protective properties under fire conditions (under the influence of real temperature conditions of fire). The peculiarities of application of intumescent fire-protective coatings in single-storey buildings on the steel frame with account of fire load are considered. In this study, the fire hazard assessment of single-storey buildings on a steel frame with the use of sandwich panels as enclosing structures is made. The analysis of fire load values has been made. Numerical experiments on estimation of the indoor fire temperature regime have been carried out. For estimation of influence of temperature modes of fire on fire resistance of steel structures the software complex “Fire Dynamics Simulator” was used, which implements the field mathematical model. Various fire temperature modes (temperature-time dependencies) were obtained. Modelling of fire temperature modes was performed without taking into account active fire protection systems. The most critical and unfavourable by their consequences fire scenarios, used later for solving the heat engineering problem, have been chosen by experts. Numerical experiments on heating of steel structures were carried out by solving the heat engineering problem in conditions of non-stationary heat influence at standard temperature conditions according to ISO 834 and at fire temperature conditions obtained by modelling results. The estimation of equivalent fire duration on loss of bearing capacity for steel structures is made. ANSYS mechanical” computing complex was used for modelling the heating of steel structures, which allows us to perform heat engineering calculation of the structure on the basis of its software model.
The Challenges of the Bioclimatic Architecture in Romania
Authors: Gherghescu Dragoş-Ştefan , Dabija Ana-Maria 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Bioclimatic Architecture is an architectural style, new as terminology in the history of architecture, but old in its principles, that can be found in the history of the vernacular architecture since the first types of houses appeared. Nowadays, due to the need of eco-friendly ways of building and due to the need of green energy consumption, it emerged in different architectural styles aiming to develop the built space in different manners. Green, Passive, Solar and Bioclimatic Architecture. Each one of them is depending on the natural factors, but from all of them, Bioclimatic Architecture uses all the natural resources available on the site through the volume of the construction in passive ways, sing reduced amounts of energy. First bioclimatic models appeared in hot climate, where they successfully responded to the only needs of cooling the interior air by solar protection and by natural ventilation, and also using the thermal inertia for providing warm air during the cold summer nights. The main problem appears in the temperate zone where, during the winter time, the need of active systems for providing higher indoor temperature appears a warm indoor temperature against the sub-zero outside temperature. This paper aims to highlight the particularities of Romanian continental climate that influences the bioclimatic model, to mark the limit where the passive bioclimatic principles stop, and from where the active systems begin.
Defining Criteria for the Selection of Measures to Increase Energy Efficiency in Public Buildings
Authors: Zecevic Nurin , Dzaferovic Ejub , Husika Azrudin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Buildings, although one of the largest energy consumers in the world, also represent big potential to reduce energy consumption, dependence on fossil fuels and carbon dioxide emissions, through the implementation of energy efficiency measures. Improvement of energy efficiency of existing buildings requires a dedicated, serious and detailed approach. Investors are often guided by economic criteria, which greatly influence on investments and interventions, potentially causing some negative side effects (comfort reduction, use of energy-intensive materials, etc.). Therefore, it is very important to rely on methods that provide detailed and affordable cost, technical and environmental analysis. Energy efficiency methods are often based on simple methods such as research, estimation of energy consumption, preliminary design, estimation of energy savings and financial cost-effectiveness. For example, in energy audits of buildings, annual energy consumption and cost-effectiveness are considered for analysis. For a more detailed assessment, a calculation tool based on the calculation of energy consumption of particular facility and the estimation of energy savings after the proposed energy efficiency measures is being used. The proposed measures generally represent a classic scenario of energy efficiency measures. In this paper, factors such as comparison of the share of fossil fuels and renewable energy sources (RES), the estimation of cost-effectiveness of the use of renewable energy technologies, aspect of embodied energy in materials and life cycle assessment in buildings are being considered. This paper defines the criteria for the evaluation of scenarios (functional groups of measures) for increasing energy efficiency of the building, which include, in addition to energy and economic aspects, environmental aspect. The six criteria have been defined for evaluation of energy efficiency scenarios related to: annual energy consumption, total annual primary energy, share of RES in primary energy, direct and indirect carbon emissions, embodied energy in applied materials and investment per scenario. For each criteria an expression for its calculation is given. Defined criteria are calculated for six scenarios of increasing the energy efficiency of Mechanical Engineering Faculty, University of Sarajevo. Based on the calculated different values of criteria of considered aspects, it is possible to identify in more detail way critical points, advantages and disadvantages of different combinations of energy efficiency measures, which can further serve to identify the best strategy necessary for evaluation of energy performance of the building before and after the intervention.
Influence of sustainable construction aspects and quality of public space on the price of houses in the Czech Republic
Authors: Kliment Daniel , Jandásková Tereza , Hrdlička Tomáš , Cupal Martin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The construction industry produces 25 to 30 % of greenhouse gases and consumes 40 % of globally required energy. The construction industry and buildings contribute significantly to the climate change. Also the buildings are the cornerstone to the public space and affect its quality. One of the approaches to reduce greenhouse gas production (especially carbon dioxide) is the construction and operation of buildings according to the principles of sustainability. Houses are mostly not certified (environmental certification programs as LEED or BREEAM) because it is uneconomical to certify. However, the houses can fulfill sustainable construction aspects like using natural or recycled materials, design of energy efficient buildings, using alternative energy sources, connection to public transport, etc. The influence of using basic sustainable principles and quality of public space as an important part of sustainability to a price was tested through a database. The database consists of 98 samples of houses sold over the year 2017 in Brno - venkov district. Significant price settings factors were identified. Due to the number of variables, testing by multivariate regression analysis was performed on submodels, individual variables could be correctly identified. Tested database confirmed basic price setting factors for houses, such as the technical condition of the house, distance from the city of Brno, as well as the useable area of the house and the factor of liquidity. The influence of sustainable principles like using renewable energy, low energy demand, solar panels for hot water or photovoltaic panels was rejected. Some kind of sustainable principle was detected at 10 % of samples. Material base, especially using natural materials like timber, was not found as a price setting factor. One of the submodels was focused on the social part of the sustainability given to the location and public space. The possibility of using public transportation or car park close to the house was not confirmed as price setting factors affecting the price. Also the danger of flooding, index of criminality and noise level were considered and were rejected as price affecting. This paper presents results aimed at exploring the importance of the basic aspects of sustainable construction and quality of public space on the price of houses in the database of 98 houses in Brno - venkov district, Czech Republic.
Contemporary hotel architecture in the mountain landscape of the Silesian Beskids
Authors: Grzybowski Andrzej 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The subject of the article is contemporary the hotel architecture arising in the mountain areas of the Silesian Beskids. This area of southern Poland, located on the border with the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic, has been for decades an attractive place for the weekend and holiday recreation for residents of large Polish cities, especially the inhabitants of the Upper Silesian region. In XX century, there was a rapid development of mass tourism. The most touristically developed and prepared to receive mass numbers of holidaymakers are villages located in the northern and central parts of the Silesian Beskids: Ustroń, Wisła, Brenna, Szczyrk. Numerous hotels and guesthouses have been created at the time and also in recent years to service holiday makers coming from big cities. The author presents the main trends in the architecture of the holiday homes built there. The first of these trends is a guest house and hotel architecture referring to the traditional local folk architecture. We come across various forms here: historicism, the neo-natural style, and less often the contemporary interpretation of old forms. The second trend is inter-war, modernist guesthouses. The third trend is large-scale holiday homes from the ‘70s and’ 80s of the 20th century in the style of post-war socmodernism. In addition to these currents, in recent years, numerous facilities have been created in many tourist resorts that do not exhibit regional features, similar to suburban buildings in other regions. Some of them imitate local or foreign patterns. An example of that approach would be holiday houses in the “Alpine” or “Bavarian” style. As an example of searching for contemporary hotel architecture undertaking a dialogue with local construction and mountain landscape, the author presents his own project of the Three Nations Meeting House in the village of Istebna. The mission of the Meeting House was to allow and increase activities aimed at integrating the regions of Central Europe.
The concept of Territorial Frugality, how to identify, quantify and apply - the study of Lisbon Metropolitan Area
Authors: Vieira Pedro Nuno , De Sampayo Mafalda Teixeira , Leite João Silva 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
“In behavioral science, frugality has been defined as the tendency to acquire goods and services in a contained manner, and use of the economic goods, resources and services themselves, to achieve a long-term goal” [1] The present project intends to study the introduction of the concept of territorial frugality, characterizing its applicability to the territory, specifically to the urban space, as a tool in the parsimonious use of available resources, as well as studying its measurement through a mixed methodology. An interventionist, either using the opinion of a group of experts, using the DELPHI technique, as well as the establishment of conceptual models or using other methods in order to identify, select and define the applicability of indicators that allow the evaluation or establishment of parameters correlated with the concept of frugality, within the scope of spatial planning and urbanism, within the case of Lisbon Metropolitan Area.
Composing a Conceptual Framework for an Inclusive Mobility System
Authors: Fian Tabea , Hauger Georg 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper addresses the question how a future mobility system can be available and accessible to all people in our society regardless whether they are disabled or not. The purpose of composing a conceptional framework is to point out how such an inclusive mobility system must therefore be designed and organised. The discussed research question is based on the “Seven Principles of Universal Design”, the “UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities” as well as on the UN goals on sustainable development (more specifically, Goal #9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, Goal #10: Reduced Inequalities, Goal #11: Sustainable Cities and Communities). These theoretical principles on inclusion and inclusive design are transferred to the interdisciplinary concerns of spatial planning: From a transportation system planning point of view, a detailed set of mobility and accessibility requirements for people with disabilities is elaborated and described. Consequently, the identified accessibility and mobility requirements of individuals with disabilities are assigned to the roles and responsibilities of the following sectors: (1) government, (2) the private sector (economy and industry), (3) academia and (4) civil society and advocacy groups. This broad analytical approach allows to include and identify innovative solutions that constitute an inclusive mobility system by considering technology driven aspects as well as non-technological aspects. In this manner, eight inclusive components (so called i components) for the future design and organisation of an inclusive mobility system are formulated: i Car, i Environment, i Ride, i Assist, i Organize, i Code, i Image and i Funding.