bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CAREGIVING SURVEILLANCE AT THE CDC: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE
Authors: Edwards Valerie J , Whiting C Grace 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
As the U.S. population ages, caregiving has emerged as an important public health issue affecting an increasing proportion of American families. In 2015, an estimated 17.7 million people provided assistance to family members and friends. Although caregiving can have positive aspects, many studies have found that caregivers report more health difficulties than non-caregivers. The importance of population-based information is central to public health’s ability to respond effectively to this growing public health problem. The Alzheimer’s Disease and Healthy Aging Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has made surveillance of caregivers a priority area. To this end, the development and use of a caregiving module for the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) was undertaken. The BRFSS is one of the largest telephone-based health surveillance system in the world, and collects information from the public across a broad range of health topics. This platform therefore provides a unique opportunity to capture health status data from caregivers as well as the option of comparing caregivers to non-caregivers. The Caregiver Module consists of 9 questions that address the characteristics of care and the type of assistance provided. The objective of this symposium is to describe the development of the current caregiving module (Dr. Bouldin), present relevant findings from the previous three years of surveillance data (Drs. Edwards and Taylor), and to discuss future directions for caregiver surveillance and CDC-developed resources to facilitate date utilization (Dr. McGuire). The discussant will describe the impact and status of national-level surveillance data
CLARK TIBBITTS AWARD AND HIRAM J. FRIEDSAM MENTORSHIP AWARD LECTURES
Authors: Hancock Cynthia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
AGHE’s Clark Tibbits Award was established in 1980 and named for an architect of the field of gerontological education. The award is given each year to an individual or organization that has made an outstanding contribution to the advancement of gerontology and geriatrics education. The Clark Tibbits Award lecture will feature an address by the 2019 award recipient, David Burdick, PhD, of Stockton University. Hiram J. Friedsam was the professor, co-founder, and director of the Center for Studies in Aging and dean of the School of Community Service at the University of North Texas. Dr. Friedsam was an outstanding teacher, researcher, colleague, and mentor to students, faculty, and administrators, as well as a past president of AGHE. The purpose of this award is to recognize those who emulate Dr. Friedsam’s excellence in mentorship. The Hiram J. Friedsam Award lecture will feature an address by the 2019 award recipient, Bradley Fisher, PhD, of Missouri State University.
INTEREST GROUP SESSION—CANCER AND AGING: CURRENT CHALLENGES IN CANCER SCREENING AMONG OLDER MINORITY POPULATIONS
Authors: Li Chien-Ching , Liu Darren 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Cancer is an important public issue around the world. Among types of cancer, lung and colorectal cancer are the most common in men while breast and cervical cancer are the most common in women. Detection of early stage cancer via screening can significantly reduce the mortality and prolong life. Although cancer prevention and control has been served as the national priority, individual’s utilization of cancer screening services is low due to limited knowledge of cancer screening and ineffective patient-provider commutation, especially in minority populations. In this symposium, we will examine three scenarios that highlight the challenges of cancer screenings in minority populations. First, we will share the results from a mixed method study that investigate the knowledge and attitudes towards Low Dose Computed Tomography lung cancer (LDCT) screening and assess the smoking cessation needs for African Americans who receive LDCT screening in an effort to reduce the health burden of lung cancer. The next study will discuss how the characteristics of older Chinese adults from the United States and Taiwan are associated cancer screening communication with physicians (i.e., whether doctor recommended screenings and whether communicated screenings with doctor). Lastly, we will share the results from a cross-sectional study that analyzed 10 years data of National Health Interview Survey to examine the difference in LDCT screening eligibility among Asian American (i.e., Chinese, Filipino, and other Asian) smokers. The discussant will summarize with an overview of the topic, and comment on the disparities of cancer screening in older minority populations.
KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES TOWARD LDCT LUNG CANCER SCREENING AND SMOKING AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS: A MIXED METHODS STUDY
Authors: Tseng Tung-Sung 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate knowledge, attitudes, and smoking cessation needs for African Americans who receive Low Dose Computed Tomography (LDCT) in an effort to reduce the health burden of lung cancer. A mixed method study was conducted among African Americans who received LDCT. The sample size for both the quantitative and qualitative approach was fifteen. The results showed that 73% of participants were male, the mean age was 61.8(SD=4.6) years old. Smoking history was long but 64% of the patients had a low nicotine dependence. Participants had a moderate/lower knowledge score (Mean=4.3 SD=2.6), and most had a positive attitude. Similar findings were also observed in the qualitative analysis. Understanding the factors associated with smoking cessation among at-risk African American smokers will help reduce disparities in lung cancer burden, and is important to improve health for medically underserved minority populations.
DISCRIMINATION, STRESS, AND HEALTH ACROSS THE LIFE COURSE
Authors: Thorpe Roland J , Hill Carl V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
There is a paucity of research that seeks to understand why race disparities in health across the life course remain elusive. Two such explanations that have been garnering attention is stress and discrimination. This symposium contains papers seeking to address the impact of discrimination or stress on health or health disparities across the life course. First, Brown and colleagues examine black-white differences in the number of reported chronic stressors across five domains their appraised stressfulness, and their varying associations with anxiety and depression among a diverse sample of older adults using data from 6,019 adults ages 52+ from the 2006 HRS. Race and appraisal interactions show that blacks and whites report similar increases in anxiety and depressive symptoms with appraisal. Second, Tobin and colleagues investigate the impact of early life racial discrimination (ELRD) on mental health among Black adults. Using data from 618 participants in the Nashville Stress and Health Study, these investigators found that childhood and adolescent ELRD were positively associated with adult distress. Also, individuals who experienced childhood ERLD had 88% lower odds of adult MDD than individuals with no ELRD. Cobb and colleagues examine the cross-sectional association between everyday discrimination and kidney function among older adults in HRS. The authors report that after adjusting for demographic characteristics, everyday discrimination was associated with lower mean eGFR. The relationship between everyday discrimination and kidney function was not explained by biospsychosocial factors. This collection of papers provides insights into how discrimination or stress impacts health in middle to late life.
BLACK-WHITE DIFFERENCES IN CHRONIC STRESS: DOES APPRAISAL MATTER FOR ANXIETY AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS?
Authors: Brown Lauren , Abrams Leah , Mitchell Uchechi , Ailshire Jennifer 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Prior research has suggested that exposure to objectively stressful events contributes to mental health disparities in older adulthood. Yet, in order to understand the extent to which some groups bear a disproportionate stress and mental health burden, we consider black-white differences in not only stress exposure, but also stress appraisal—how upsetting the exposures are perceived to be across five domains (health, financial, residential, relationship and caregiving). Data come from 6,019 adults ages 52+ from the 2006 Health and Retirement Study. Fully adjusted models show stress exposure and appraisal significantly and independently predicted anxiety and depressive symptoms. Race and stress exposure interactions show that exposure differently predicts anxiety and depressive symptoms while race and appraisal interactions show blacks and whites report similar increases in anxiety and depressive symptoms. Findings suggest stress exposure has varying consequences for mental health of whites and blacks, while stress appraisals have similar consequences across groups.
DOES EARLY-LIFE RACIAL DISCRIMINATION EXPLAIN A MENTAL HEALTH PARADOX AMONG BLACK ADULTS?
Authors: Thomas Tobin Courtney S , Moody Myles D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
To evaluate the impact of early life racial discrimination (ELRD) on mental health among Black adults. Data were from the Nashville Stress and Health Study (n=618). OLS regression models examined the relationship between ELRD and adult psychological distress; logistic regression estimated the probability of past-year major depressive disorder (MDD). We also assessed whether ELRD moderated the relationship between adult discrimination and mental health. Childhood (b=1.07, SE=0.51, p=0.04) and adolescent ELRD (b=1.32, SE=0.42, p=0.002) were associated with adult distress. Individuals who experienced childhood ERLD had 88% lower odds of adult MDD than individuals with no ELRD. Significant interaction analyses showed that ELRD was generally protective against adult discrimination. While ELRD importantly shapes distress and MDD among Black adults, patterns vary by outcome. Results indicate that adult distress and MDD develop through cumulative adversity processes that are further influenced by sensitive periods in the life course.
GLOBAL PUBLISHING OPPORTUNITIES IN GERONTOLOGY: A VIEW FROM THE EDITORS' DESKS
Authors: Miller Edward A , Simpson Elizabeth , Gusmano Michael 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Global aging has proceeded at an unprecedented and accelerating rate. The aging of the population creates both opportunities and challenges for elders, their families, and society in general. Importantly, there is substantial variation in the effects of and response to global aging both within and across nations depending, in part, on prevailing cultural expectations and values, political and economic imperatives, and social and demographic characteristics. Thus, while some regions and countries have responded with innovative policies and programs to better enable the growing cohort of older adults to remain active and engaged in the community, other regions and countries have struggled with their response or barely begun to plan for the rising population of elders. This symposium assembles editors at five leading gerontological journals to demonstrate the role that peer-reviewed scholarship can play in disseminating knowledge that informs gerontological research, policy, and practice internationally. Editors include: Jeffrey Burr, PhD, Research on Aging; Deborah Carr, PhD, Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences; Edward Alan Miller, PhD, Journal of Aging & Social Policy; Julie Hicks Patrick, PhD, International Journal of Aging & Human Development; and Julie Robison, PhD, The Journal of Applied Gerontology. Each presenter will review the scope, content, and focus of their journals and the role and opportunities for international scholarship. Michael Gusmano, PhD, a leading expert on the economic, political, and social consequences of global aging and International Editor of the Journal of Aging & Social Policy, will serve as discussant.
MAXWELL A. POLLACK AWARD LECTURE
Authors: Harootyan Robert 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Maxwell A. Pollack Award for Productive Aging recognizes instances of practice informed by research and analysis, research that directly improved policy or practice, and distinction in bridging the worlds of research and practice. The award lecture will be presented by the 2018 recipient, Karen Fredriksen-Goldsen, PhD, University of Washington. This award is generously funded by The New York Community Trust.
FAMILY CAREGIVER CONTRIBUTIONS TO HOME HEALTH FOR OLDER ADULTS: PREDICTORS OF ADEQUATE SUPPORT
Authors: Burgdorf Julia , Burgdorf Julia , Kasper Judith D , Wolff Jennifer L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Family caregivers play a crucial role in supporting older adults through home health (HH) episodes; yet no prior research examines factors affecting the adequacy of caregiver support during HH. We use a novel dataset linking nationally-representative survey data with HH assessment data for community-dwelling older adults (n=2,128) to identify older adult characteristics associated with adequate caregiver support in four task categories (Activities of Daily Living, medication management, medical tasks, and safety/oversight) during a subsequent HH episode. Weighted, multivariable logistic regression is used to model the likelihood of adequate caregiver support in each category. Multiple older adult characteristics prior to the HH episode were associated with greater likelihood of adequate caregiver support during HH, including: prior caregiver assistance with mobility, self-care, and health care tasks, living with others, and cognitive impairment. These findings reveal new risk factors for consideration in risk assessment and payment adjustments related to social determinants of health.
QUALITY OF COMMUNICATION WITH THE HEALTH CARE TEAM FOR CARE PARTNERS OF PERSONS WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
Authors: Houtven Courtney H Van , Lippmann Steven , Belanger Emmanuelle , Smith Valerie A , James Hailey , Shepherd-Banigan Megan , Plassman Brenda 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The CAregiver Perceptions About CommunIcaTion with Clinical Team members (CAPACITY) instrument measures perceived quality of communication with the health care team and the extent to which caregivers believe that the health care team considers their capacity and preferences in decision-making. A higher score reflects higher perceived quality. This presentation highlights features of CAPACITY scores in a national survey of care partners of persons with unexplained cognitive impairment who sought an Amyloid PET scan. A positive scan (presence of amyloid) indicates probably Alzheimer’s (n=1746). In addition to presenting its psychometric properties in this new sample, discussion focuses on the relationship between CAPACITY scores and a process measure of care that matters – accurate reporting of a new diagnosis. The CAPACITY score reflects an important domain of care quality that could be used more broadly to reflect the caregiver-centeredness of health care experiences and to predict patient outcomes.
COGNITIVE TRAINING ATTENUATES AGE-RELATED DECLINE IN PHYSICAL FUNCTION ACROSS 10 YEARS
Authors: Sprague Briana N , Phillips Christine B , Ross Lesley A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Poor physical function is associated with negative health and cognitive outcomes. Although nine studies demonstrate that cognitive training reduces age-related declines in physical function, only one has examined effects beyond immediate posttest changes. The current study assessed the impact of three cognitive training programs on physical function measures across 10 years. Using data from the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly (ACTIVE) trial, older adults randomized to a no-contact control condition (n = 698) were compared to those randomized to processing speed (n = 702), memory (n = 703), or reasoning (n = 694) training. Intention-to-treat and treatment-received analyses were conducted for grip strength, Digit Symbol Copy, and Turn 360. There were no significant effects of being assigned to processing speed, memory, or reasoning training to any physical function outcome (p &gt; .05). Treatment-received models indicated that processing speed training attenuated age-related declines in Digit Symbol Copy (b = -.005, p &lt; .01) and Turn 360 (b = -.011, p &lt; .001), memory training attenuated age-related declines in Digit Symbol Copy (b = -.009, p &lt; .001) and Turn 360 (b = -.011, p &lt; .001), and reasoning training attenuated age-related declines in Digit Symbol Copy (b = -.012, p &lt; .001) and Turn 360 (b = -.012, p &lt; .001). There was no significant transfer to grip strength. This is the first study to demonstrate beneficial effects of cognitive training to some physical functions across 10 years. Future work should examine moderators and mediators of transfer effects.
BEYOND FUNCTIONAL SUPPORT: PAID CAREGIVERS AND THE HEALTH OF OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Reckrey Jennifer M , Bowers Barbara 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This symposium will explore role that paid caregivers (e.g. home health aides, personal care attendants, and other direct care workers) play in the health and team-based healthcare of older adults living in the community. The large and growing workforce of paid caregivers witness the changes in health status, chronic health needs, and psychosocial stressors of the older adults they care for. Yet existing research on paid caregivers has largely been limited to workforce issues such as recruitment, retention, and job satisfaction. The unique potential of paid caregivers to impact the health of their clients remains largely unstudied. The first presenter will describe results from qualitative interviews with seriously ill older adults and their long-time paid caregivers that found that paid caregivers perform a wide variety of health-related tasks in the course of their routine care. The second presenter will describe results from focus groups with paid caregivers that found that though not a part of the official care plan, paid caregivers provided deliberate cognitive, emotional, and social care that sought to improve their clients’ “total” health. The third presenter will outline the rationale for and development of an educational intervention aiming to improve paid caregiver’s ability to provide care to patients with heart failure. Finally, the fourth presenter will discuss the limited role paid caregivers currently play in the healthcare team. She will then highlight key policy, educational, and clinical recommendations to promote further paid caregiver integration in the healthcare team.
YOU’RE THE ONLY PERSON THERE FOR THEM: LEVERAGING HOME HEALTH AIDES’ EXPERTISE TO SUPPORT TOTAL CLIENT HEALTH
Authors: Franzosa Emily C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Formally, home health aides provide physical, non-clinical care to support the health and safety of older and disabled individuals. But in practice, both workers and clients report that the often unrecognized relational care aides provide is also central to clients’ well-being. In focus groups with New York City-based home health aides, aides described their conception and delivery of “total” care, which included specific and deliberate cognitive, emotional and social strategies to support clients’ mental and physical well-being. However, since this work was not included in formal care plans and invisible to those outside the care team, aides felt unprepared and unsupported in performing it. Realigning the definition of home care to address “total” care and better integrating aides into the care team has the potential to both improve job satisfaction and patient care.
HEART-FAILURE TRAINING FOR HOME CARE WORKERS IN NEW YORK CITY
Authors: Sterling Madeline , Leung Peggy 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Home care workers (HCWs), which include home health aides and personal care aides, are increasingly being used by community dwelling adults with heart failure (HF) for long-term assistance and post-acute care. Findings from our prior research suggest that HCWs are deeply involved in many aspects of HF patients’ self-care, including HF maintenance and management, but the majority have not received any HF training or HF-specific resources. Due to this, many HCWs do not feel confident caring for their clients with HF. In this symposium, we will present the findings of a qualitative study that used a nominal group technique to elicit the educational needs of 40 English and Spanish speaking agency-employed HCWs caring for HF patients in New York City. We will also present an overview of the HF training course that was developed from this data and its effect on HCWs’ HF knowledge and caregiving self-efficacy.
AWARENESS OF HEALTH RISKS OF CAREGIVING AMONG PRIMARY PHYSICIANS AND THE CAREGIVERS THEMSELVES
Authors: Carmel Sara , Bachner Yaacov , Biderman Aya 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Literature indicates that family primary caregivers (FPC) to severely-ill patients are at high risk to incidence of physical and mental morbidity, especially if they are old themselves. The purpose of these studies was to examine the FPC’s awareness to their own health risks, and primary physicians’ awareness to the importance of locating, following and providing preventive treatment to FPC in their clinic. Participants included 202 FPC older spouses with average age 70.7 (SD=8.33), and 68% women, and primary physicians (N=201) with average age of 48.5 (SD=11.22) and 53.5% women. Among the FPC, awareness to the health risks of caregiving was higher the greater was the caregiving burden, the worse was their self-rated health, the severer was the patient’s disease, as well as the lower was the number of children and among women and spouses. Awareness to importance of medical surveillance was low. Among physicians, awareness to the risks of caregiving was highest among physicians who received their diploma in Israeli universities, and to specialists in family medicine. Their awareness was higher to the FPC’s susceptibility to mental risks rather than to physical risks. Physician’s awareness to the efficiency of medical surveillance of the FPC was high but their actual performance of it was low. This finding is in accordance with the FPC’s report about a low level of interest in their own health among their primary physicians. The importance of awareness to location, surveillance and preventive treatment of FPC should be promoted in medical education, and primary medical services.