bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin B12, Folate, and Cognition in 6- to 9-Year-Olds: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kvestad Ingrid , Taneja Sunita , Upadhyay Ravi P. , Hysing Mari , Bhandari Nita , Strand Tor A. 
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Vitamin B12 and folate are important for normal brain development. Our objective for this study was to measure the effects of 6-month supplementation of vitamin B12 and/or folic acid in early childhood on cognition when the children were 6 to 9 years old.METHODS:The study is a follow-up of a factorial randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 1000 North Indian children. Children 6 to 30 months of age were randomly assigned to receive a placebo or 1.8 µg of vitamin B12, 150 mg of folic acid, or both daily for 6 months. After 6 years, we re-enrolled 791 of these children for cognitive assessments. We compared the scores of the main outcomes (the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition [India], the Crichton Verbal Scale, and subtests of the NEPSY-II) between the study groups. We also measured the associations between markers of the B vitamins (plasma cobalamin, folate, and total homocysteine concentrations) in early childhood and the cognitive outcomes.RESULTS:There were no differences between the intervention groups and the placebo group on the cognitive outcomes. Plasma cobalamin, folate, and total homocysteine concentrations in early childhood were associated with the cognitive outcomes at follow-up in the unadjusted models. These associations disappeared in models adjusted for relevant confounders.CONCLUSIONS:Our findings, from both an observational and a randomized design suggest that vitamin B12 and folate in children 6 to 36 months have limited public health relevance for long-term cognition.
A multilayer superconducting tape of the Nb50Ti alloy obtained from a Cu/Nb/Ti composite with a solid phase
Authors: Korzhov Valery P. , Zverev Vladimir N. 
Published: February 2020

Aim: Creation of multilayer superconducting tape made of Nb-Ti alloy.
Methods: Using the methods of diffusion welding and packet rolling, for two cycles the prototypes of a multilayer tape based on a superconducting Nb50%Ti alloy were made. Copper was used as a stabiliser of the superconducting state of the conductor. At the initial stage, a multilayer Nb-Ti pack was assembled from niobium and titanium foils. Copper stabilising layers were laid in the pack in the 2nd cycle of tape manufacturing. The mutual diffusion between the Nb- and Ti-layers took place generally at the expense of niobium diffusing into the layers of titanium, with the Nb-50%Ti alloy emerging in their place.
Results: Measurements of the critical current Ic with a perpendicular and parallel orientation of the magnetic field relative to the plane of the layers in the composite showed large anisotropy of Ic, which was the result of the superconducting vortices fixing exclusively at the boundaries of the Nb-Ti-alloy and the Nb-solid solution. In general, the composite was capable of carrying large current in magnetic fields of 5-6 T without long-lasting low-temperature annealing for -phase deposition, which is necessary in the case of Nb-Ti alloy composites produced by the known technology.
Conservation and Utilization of Historical Seismograms from Early Stage (A.D. 1904–1948), Mainland China
Authors: Wang Jian 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The history of seismographic observation in the first half of the twentieth century on the Chinese mainland can be divided into three eras. The first era was from 1904 to 1929 when there were some seismographic stations that were built in Mainland China by foreigners. The second era started from 1930 when the stations near Beijing and in Nanjing were built by the Chinese. Advanced seismographic instruments were purchased from abroad, including Wiechert instruments with the heaviest pendulum of 17,000 kg. The development of Chinese seismic observation was disrupted by the Japan invasion and war in 1937. The third era was during a time of war, from 1937 to 1948.
The historical changes of seismographic stations and relevant instruments are introduced in this article. Recent effects to preserve the early historical seismograms by means of microfiches and scanning are illustrated. The contribution of these historical seismograms to the compilation of Chinese earthquake catalogs is analyzed. The deficiencies of seismogram utilization and digitalization are pointed out. Future work is proposed.
Translations of Ossian, Thomas Moore and the Gothic by 19th Century European Radical Intellectuals: The Democratic Eastern Federation
Authors: O'Donnell Kathleen Ann 
Published: February 2020

<p>This article will show how translated works by European radical writers of <em>The Poems of Ossian</em> by the Scot James Macpherson and <em>Irish Melodies</em> and other works by the Irishman Thomas Moore, were disseminated. Moore prefaced <em>Irish Melodies</em> with “In Imitation of Ossian”. It will also demonstrate how Celtic literature, written in English, influenced the Gothic genre. The propagation of these works was also disseminated in order to implement democratic federalism, without monarchy; one example is the Democratic Eastern Federation, founded in Athens and Bucharest. To what extent did translations and imitations by Russian and Polish revolutionary intellectuals of Celtic literature and the Gothic influence Balkan revolutionary men of letters?</p>
José Zorrilla y los mitos fundacionales del romanticismo hispánico: sentido y estructura de la azucena silvestre: leyenda religiosa del siglo IX (1845)=José Zorrilla and the foundational myths of the Spanish Romanticism: sense and structure of la azucena silvestre: leyenda religiosa del siglo IX (1845)
Authors: Lora Márquez Claudia 
Published: February 2020

ResumenJosé Zorrilla publica en 1845 La azucena silvestre: leyenda religiosa del siglo IX. Utilizando la leyenda como cauce narrativo, el poeta vallisoletano actualiza el mito fundacional del monasterio catalán de Montserrat acomodándolo a los principios ideológicos del pensamiento reaccionario español decimonónico: tradición, nación y religión. AbstractJosé Zorrilla publishes in 1845 La azucena silvestre: leyenda religiosa del siglo IX. Using the legend as narrative style, the poet from Valladolid brings up to date the foundational myth of the Catalonian monastery of Montserrat streghtening the most important ideological principles of nineteenth-century Spain’s reactionary ideology: tradition, nation and religion.
PENERAPAN METODE TIME DRIVEN ACTIVITY BASED COSTING (TDABC) DALAM PERHITUNGAN KOS SERVICE PADA BENGKEL HBBA
Authors: Ely Mira , Effendi Rochman , Mas'ud Imam 
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this research is to know the process of calculation cost of service on HBBA Automotive Repair shop using Time Driven Activity Based Costing (TDABC) method. This research was conducted in one of Member's HBBA that is Formula Automotive Repair shop. This type research is qualitative research. Data collection methods used ini this research are observation, interview and documentation. Data analysis method used in this research is descriptive analytical. The result of this research showed when Formula Automotive use Time Driven Activity Based Costing (TDABC) method in determining cost of service is more clear and appropriate in accordance with utilization available resources in each services. Which is different with whats done by the company in determining cost of service, where the company still has not made a definite calculation and this can be seen when determining price of service based on provisions of owner and mechanics still using estimates. The results of calculation of Time Driven Activity Based Costing (TDABC) method there are 3 types of services that have a cost that is too large compared to the service price determined by Formula Automotive Repair shop, namely wheel laher replacement, ac service and lamp service. So it is necessary to determine new price of service.
Keywords: Cost of Service, Price of Service, Time-Driven-Activity Based-Costing
The Perception of Using Language in Gender Disparity: A Study on Tertiary Level Students
Authors: Munira Serajum , Hossain Amzad , Nessa Meherun 
Published: February 2020

The present study aims at exploring the extent of linguistic varieties which are issues of gender disparity in our society. Language is the most advanced form of communication possessed only by human beings. Linguistic elements direct our expressions, feelings and thoughts, and languages even help us transmit knowledge, ideas and beliefs from one generation to another. In fact, language is systematic as it follows rules. However, it is believed that men and women have a strong natural tendency to use different patterns of a language. Relationship between language and gender attracted many researchers’ attention, but some critics of mid-twentieth century considered such studies to be purely feministic. With the passage of time, our social structure met considerable changes which influenced our languages. The objective of this project is to give reasonable answers to the questions regarding the gender based speech differences in today’s world. Survey method was applied in order to maintain high standards of research ethics and maintain the research quality. This study engages 384 respondents; among them 51% were male and 49% were female. According to the survey data, 68% of the participants reported that women always tend to use exaggerated expressions and words that can assist in building rapport. Further, it finds out whether there is any difference between speech patterns of different age groups coming from the same gender. By delving into both historic and contemporary documents, this experiment will lead us to widen the scope of research on various ways of communication.
Civilizar a infância na Renascença: estratégia de distinção de classe
Authors: Boto Carlota 
Published: February 2020

O presente artigo tem por objetivo abordar o tema da educação no âmbito da Renascença. Nesse sentido, partese da hipótese segundo a qual se desenvolvia na época um dado ‘processo civilizador’ (Norbert Elias). Paratanto seria imprescindível empreender um projeto pedagógico. A partir de uma revisão da literatura, que proporcionou o estabelecimento diálogo com a história social – principalmente à luz da referência teórica de P.Ariès e de Norbert Elias –, a presente pesquisa procurou identificar indícios relativos aos modos de ver a criança e sua educação. Procurou-se, em textos da época, bem como na bibliografia, o reconhecimento da particularidade da infância nos tempos da Renascença. Mais do que isso, buscou-se reconhecer vestígios de escolas daquele tempo; e as estratégias mediante as quais a educação tencionava efetivamente transformar a criança em aluno. Os autores estudados são, nesse sentido, alguns dos principais teóricos representantes do humanismo: Erasmo, Montaigne e Vives. Procurar-se-á, pela leitura de alguns fragmentos de suas obras, reconstituir imagens de criança, de educação e de escola que circulavam no imaginário europeu da Renascença.
Aspectos Teórico-metodológicos e da Historiografia Brasileira na Temática da História das Disciplinas Escolares (1990-2008)
Authors: Júnior Décio Gatti 
Published: February 2020

O presente estudo consiste em uma reflexão sobre os aspectos principais do esforço de constituição de uma herme-nêutica e de uma heurística investigativa no âmbito da História das Disciplinas Escolares no Brasil. O primeiro movimento do texto é dedicado à apresentação das principais categorias de análise presentes nas investigações neste corte temático. Em seguida, o texto percorre o caminho da ampliação de fontes ocorrida na pesquisa histórica, de modo geral, e histórico-educacional, de modo particular. No terceiro e último movimento, há uma apresentação sucinta de vinte obras publicadas em forma de livro ou de coletânea que tratam da temática, com apontamento de seus contornos mais gerais e das fontes de pesquisa utilizadas, o que consistiu em amostra significativa para as pretensões desse estudo, considerando, porém, que há produção significativa nesta área temática divulgada em forma de dissertações, teses e artigos científicos. Conclui-se que a pesquisa na temática da História das Disciplinas Escolares encontra-se estruturada, com uma hermenêutica que superou abordagens restritivas e reducionistas do passado, com utilização de fontes de pesquisa que permitem alcançar melhor a dinâmica cotidiana dos indivíduos nos processos de escolarização modernos.
Do ateliê à Enciclopédia: a escola do homem de ciência
Authors: Mimesse Eliane , Sepulveda Luís Dário 
Published: February 2020

Este artigo analisa a forma e a cultura da escola do douto. Visa entender o local de aprendizagem desse homem nos séculos XVI ao XIX. Estabeleceram-se três momentos de análise: o da investigação que teve início no barroco, quando o termo “homem de ciência” começou a ser difundido; a questão do método experimental como fruto do trabalho nos ateliês dos artesãos, que demonstraram que era possível o aprendizado sem o saber escolarizado; e a cultura do aprender-fazendo. Os principais autores utilizados para esclarecer esse processo foram Maravall (1997) por utilizar o termo “homem de ciência” como sinônimode conhecedor da cultura dos clássicos; Rossi (1991) para entendermos o surgimento desse “homem” a partir do uso do método experimental, que foi o conflito entre o conhecimento prático e o livresco; Rugiu (1998) por relatar a formação do aprendiz italiano até esse atingir o grau de mestre e, Cunha (2000) quando abordou a aprendizagem de ofícios artesanais e manufatureiros no Brasil no período estudado. Conclui-se que, muito mais que entender a forma e a cultura escolar do “homem de ciência” esse estudo possibilitou uma investigação das práticas de formação desse sujeito.
The impact of IGF1R SNPs on susceptibility to age-related cataract
Authors: Cui Yilei , Yu Xiaoning , Zhang Xin , Tang Yelei , Tang Xiajing , Yang Hao , Ping Xiyuan , Wu Jing , Yin Qinchuan , Zhou Jiayue , Xu Xiayan , Shentu Xingchao 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The authors have withdrawn this preprint from Research Square
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes, through BMP signaling, play a central role in joint growth disturbances
Authors: Simonds Megan , Schlefman Amanda , McCahan Suzanne , Sullivan Kathleen , Rose Carlos , Brescia AnneMarie 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: To examine critical interactions between juvenile idiopathic arthritis synovial fibroblasts (JFLS) and chondrocytes (Ch), and their role in bony overgrowth seen in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Methods: Control (CFLS) and JFLS were cultured in media containing recombinant BMP4. Ch were cultured in either CFLS or JFLS conditioned-media. Media supernatants were analyzed by ELISA. RNA was analyzed by ClariomS microarray. Results: As expected, genes expressed in JFLS and CFLS were similar to each other and this expression differed from Ch. JFLS favor BMP ligand gene expression while downregulating TGFβ receptors’ expression. Noggin and chordin, antagonists with high affinity for BMP4, are JFLS- but not Ch-preferred regulators of BMP signaling. Compared to Ch, JFLS overexpress collagen X (COLX), a marker of chondrocyte hypertrophy. Exogenous BMP4 causes JFLS to significantly decrease expression of noggin and collagen II (COL2), a marker of chondrocyte proliferation, and causes overexpression of COLX and alkaline-phosphatase (ALP). Chondrocytes cultured in JFLS-conditioned media (Ch-JFLS) express BMP genes and favor chordin protein expression over other antagonists. Ch-JFLS have significantly increased expression of COL2 and significantly decreased expression of COLX. Conclusions: These data suggest JFLS, in the presence of BMP4, undergo hypertrophy and that JFLS-conditioned media influence chondrocytes to become highly proliferative. To the authors’ knowledge, no prior study has shown that JFLS and chondrocytes play a direct role in the bony overgrowth in joints of patients with JIA and that BMPs or regulation of these growth factors influence the interaction between two prominent synovial cell types.
A non-destructive method to quantify leaf starch content in red clover
Authors: Frey Lea Antonia , Baumann Philipp , Aasen Helge , Studer Bruno , Kölliker Roland 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Grassland-based ruminant livestock production provides a sustainable alternative to intensive production systems relying on concentrated feeds. However, grassland-based roughage often lacks the energy content required to meet the productivity potential of modern livestock breeds. Forage legumes, such as red clover, with increased starch content could partly replace maize and cereal supplements. However, breeding for increased starch content requires efficient phenotyping methods. This study is unique in evaluating a non-destructive hyperspectral imaging approach to estimate leaf starch content in red clover for enabling efficient development of high starch red clover genotypes.Results: We assessed prediction performance of partial least square regression models (PLSR) and validated model performance with an independent test set. Starch content of the training set ranged from 0.1 to 120.3 mg g-1 DW. The best cross-validated PLSR model explained 56% of the measured variation and yielded a root mean square error (RMSE) of 17 mg g-1 DW. Model performance decreased when applied to the independent test set (RMSE = 29 mg g-1 DW, R2 = 0.36). Different filtering methods did not increase model performance.Conclusion: The non-destructive spectral method presented here, provides a tool to detect large differences in leaf starch content of red clover. Breeding material can be sampled and selected according to their starch content without destroying the plant.
Classical and potential risk factors of cardiovascular disease among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus:a cross-sectional study based on Framingham 10-year general cardiovascular disease risk score
Authors: zhang tianyu , Chen Lu , xiang ying , song xuejia , yang xiuxian , qiu xiaohui , qiao zhengxue , pan hui , Yang Yanjie 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background : Cardiovascular risk is greatly increased in diabetic patients, and more than 70% of diabetic patients die of cardiovascular disease. Unfortunately, in China, the awareness rate, treatment rate, and control rate of cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients are still far from enough. Identifying and managing cardiovascular disease risk in T2DM patients is particularly important through relevant risk factor management tools.
Methods: In this study, 750 patients with type 2 diabetes were selected from a Grade-A Tertiary Hospital(beds>500)in Harbin, the response rate was 93.6%. We collected general demographic data, dietary status, and laboratory tests for patients, selected NEO Five-Factor Inventory（NEO-FFI）for personality assessment, and used the Framingham 10-year general cardiovascular disease risk score(FRS) . Statistical analysis includes one-way ANOVA,chi-square analysis,Spearman correlation analysis, univariate and multiple regression analysis.
Results: 291 people in the low-risk group, 239 in the Mid-risk group and 172 in the High-risk group. FRS was correlated with Age, SBP, DBP , Duration, TC, LDL-C, TC, regular diet, spicy food intake and open personality
Conclusions: In addition to traditional risk factors, diet and personality may also should be included for cardiovascular disease in people with type 2 diabetes.
Key words: China，T2DM，cardiovascular disease
Relevance of anthropometric measurements as predictors of prevalent diabetes type II - a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hasselgren Anton , Karmacharya Biraj M , Stensdotter Ann-Katrin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background The association of overweight and diabetes mellitus type 2 varies with geographical area and ethnicity, and there is incoherent evidence as to which anthropometric index best predicts prevalent diabetes mellitus type 2 in different populations. The rationale for this study was to contribute to the understanding of how anthropometric indices perform as a screening tool for diabetes mellitus type 2. Hence, the objective was to determine the predictive potential of anthropometric indices to screen prevalent diabetes mellitus type 2 in the Norwegian population.Methods This study used cross-sectional data from the Health Study in Nord-Trøndelag (HUNT) to determine the potential association of waist-to-height ratio, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-circumference and body mass index with prevalent diabetes mellitus type 2 through logistic regression analysis. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determinate the predictive potential of the anthropometric indices. Youden’s index was applied to determinate the optimal cut-off points for each anthropometric index.Results The results suggest that the anthropometric indices performed differently within the Norwegian population with waist-to-hip ratio and waist-to-height ratio being the strongest predictors with (ROC) of 0.746 (0.735 - 0.757) and 0.741(0.730 - 0.752). The predictive potential for the investigated anthropometric indices was generally stronger for women than men.Interpretation When using anthropometric indices to screen prevalent diabetes mellitus type 2, the choice of anthropometric index and cut-off points should be considered based on country and the ethnic characteristics of the population.
Evolution of Gut Microbiome and Metabolome during Stage 1 Necrotizing Enterocolitis: a Case-Control Study
Authors: Brehin Camille , Dubois Damien , Dicky Odile , Breinig Sophie , Oswald Eric , Serino Matteo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background : Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating condition of the preterm new-born due to multiple factors, including gut microbiota dysbiosis. Since NEC development is poorly understood due to main focus on late stages 2 and 3, we studied the gut microbiota and metabolome evolution of NEC at a very early onset. Results NEC-1 gut microbiota had a higher abundance of Streptococcus (second decade of life) and Staphylococcus (third decade of life) species. NEC-1 children showed a microbiome evolution in the third decade of life being the most divergent and associated to a different metabolomic signature than in healthy children. NEC-1 microbiome had increased glycosaminoglycan degradation and lysosome activity by the first decade of life and was more sensitive to factors such as childbirth, low birth weight and gestational age, than healthy microbiome. NEC-1 fecal metabolome was more divergent by the second month of life. Conclusions: The modifications of gut microbiota and microbiome during NEC-1 development appear more distinguishable by the third decade of life, when compared to healthy children. These data identify a precise window of time (i.e. third decade of life) and provide microbial targets to fight/blunt the progression of NEC by stage 1.