bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanolinguistics: Reality of Existence
Authors: Sinelnikova Lara 
Published: December 2019

The article is devoted to understanding nanolinguistics as a post-non-classical branch of science which is based on interdisciplinary methodology. Arguments for the existence of nanolinguistics rely on the “scale factor” as a key point: changes in size reveal new characteristics of an object. The nanolevel is founded on special optics, which allow features that are not always seen but nevertheless exist (in an essential way) to be studied, leading to an understanding of the characteristics of the substance’s self-organization and its interaction with other objects, including the possibilities and results of integration. Nanolinguistics searches for ways to thoroughly examine an object. At the same time, previous experience of the interpretation of linguistic phenomena stimulates the subsequent steps of reasoning for accumulating knowledge about the object’s characteristics. Nanolinguistics is an interdisciplinary field of knowledge, the subject of which can be those units and cognitive-discursive manifestations that are nanostructured, i.e., those that consist of quantities which can be indexed as subtle properties of the linguistic substance. Nanoparticles are revealed by interpreting an object’s layerwise assembly, taking into account its coreferential relations, as a result of which integration into larger-scale systems takes place; microcosm and macrocosm become organically connected.This article introduces the possibilities of nanolinguistic interpretative actions in the sphere of modern word formation (the new assembly of morphemes to create a new referential basis); in studying the processes of adaptation of loanwords (quasi-synonymy, the variation of interpretations in a new environment); in the evaluation of political communication (the principle of extremely low influence in the situation of a double bind or double trap); in sensory linguistics (the language of perception that reflects subtle shades of the sensory understanding of the world); and in avant-garde poetry (poetic dispersion, or the fragmentation of the “matter” of a word into particles and their combination into new mental images). Prospects for the development of nanolinguistics are indicated.
Comparison of in vitro assays to study the effectiveness of antiparasitics against Acanthamoeba castellani trophozoites and cysts
Authors: Shi Lei , Stachon Tanja , Latta Lorenz , Elhawy Mohamed Ibrahem , Gunaratnam Gubesh , Orosz Erika , Kiderlen Albrecht F. , Seitz Berthold , Bischoff Markus , Szentmáry Nóra 
Published: December 2019

We aimed to compare LDH release assay, trypan blue and fluorescent stainings, and non-nutrient Escherichia coli plate assay in determining treatment efficacy of antiamoebic agents against Acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoites/cysts, in vitro. 1BU trophozoites/cysts were challenged with 0.02% polyhexamethylene biguanid (PHMB), 0.1% propamidine isethionate (PD), and 0.0065% miltefosine (MF). Efficacies of the drugs were determined by LDH release and trypan blue assays, by Hoechst 33343, calcein-AM, and ethidium homodimer-1 fluorescent dyes, and by a non-nutrient agar E. coli plate assay. All three antiamoebic agents induced a significant LDH release from trophozoites, compared to controls (p < 0.0001). Fluorescent-dye staining in untreated 1BU trophozoites/cysts was negligible, but using antiamoebic agents, there was 59.3%–100% trypan blue, 100% Hoechst 33342, 0%–75.3% calcein-AM, and 100% ethidium homodimer-1 positivity. On E. coli plates, in controls and MF-treated 1BU trophozoites/cysts, new trophozoites appeared within 24 h, encystment occurred after 5 weeks. In PHMB- and PD-treated 1BU throphozoites/cysts, irregularly shaped, smaller trophozoites appeared after 72 h, which failed to form new cysts within 5 weeks. None of the enzymatic- and dye-based viability assays tested here generated survival rates for trophozoites/cysts that were comparable with those yielded with the non-nutrient agar E. coli plate assay, suggesting that the culture-based assay is the best method to study the treatment efficacy of drugs against Acanthamoeba.
A systematic review of gambling-related findings from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions
Authors: Loo Jasmine M. Y. , Kraus Shane W. , Potenza Marc N. 
Published: December 2019

Background and aims
This systematic review analyzes and summarizes gambling-related findings from the nationally representative US National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) data.

Methods
Systematic literature searches in accordance with PRISMA guidelines found 51 eligible studies that met inclusion criteria. Eight studies utilized both Waves 1 and 2 NESARC data, and selection of sample sizes varied from 185 to 43,093 individuals, consistent with specified research objectives of each study.

Results
The prevalence of lifetime pathological gambling was 0.42% (0.64% among men, 0.23% among women), while past-year prevalence was 0.16%. Pathological gambling rates were generally higher in populations with substance-use disorders and other psychiatric diagnoses. Rates of adverse childhood experiences and suicidal attempts were higher among individuals with problem or pathological gambling. Early-onset gamblers were more likely to be male, be never married, have incomes below $70,000, belong to younger cohorts and have Cluster B personality disorders, but less likely to be diagnosed with mood disorders. While pathological gambling was related to obesity, increased stress, and poorer physical health among general age groups, recreational gambling was linked with improved physical and mental functioning in older adults.

Conclusions
The NESARC has provided important information on the correlates of pathological gambling and subdiagnostic patterns of gambling behaviors. Additional studies should examine these relationships in the current gambling environment and longitudinally with aims of implementing policies to improve the public health.
Percepción de profesores investigadores sobre políticas educativas neoliberales en México
Authors: Rosas-Baños Mara 
Published: December 2019

El neoliberalismo en el ámbito de la educación superior conlleva cambios drásticos en el mandato de la educación y una reorganización de las Instituciones de Educación Superior en torno a la subordinación del conocimiento y la formación a objetivos del mercado. La percepción que tienen los profesores-investigadores al respecto, es esencial para entender los alcances de estas políticas. Esta investigación, se desarrolló en dos centros de investigación del Instituto Politécnico Nacional de México, uno en el área de ciencias sociales y otro en ciencias básicas. Para el análisis se utilizó la aproximación a la subjetividad de Foucault y Sartre, empleando como herramienta metodológica un cuestionario con escala Likert en donde se evaluó la percepción de los profesores-investigadores respecto a: la identidad institucional; responsabilidad de las IES con la sociedad; las políticas institucionales de fortalecimiento académico y de investigación, el trabajo colaborativo a través de la participación en proyectos de investigación tanto internos como externos, el ambiente laboral y la interdisciplinariedad. Así mismo, se adicionan dos preguntas abiertas que se interpretaron a través del método de categorización. Se concluye que existe una percepción no favorable a las políticas institucionales, se tiene la percepción de que no son claras y no se entiende cómo contribuyen a la misión y visión institucional. Además, los resultados muestran la necesidad del fortalecimiento de las relaciones de colaboración tanto entre los profesores investigadores y entre estos y los funcionarios. Pero sobre todo se identifica una percepción positiva y contúndete al respecto de la responsabilidad de las IES con la sociedad y la necesidad de la investigación interdisciplinaria para resolver los principales problemas sociales.
Phase II Trial of Trifluridine/Tipiracil in Patients with Advanced, Refractory Biliary Tract Carcinoma
Authors: Chakrabarti Sakti , Zemla Tyler J. , Ahn Daniel H. , Ou Fang-Shu , Fruth Briant , Borad Mitesh J. , Hartgers Mindy L. , Wessling Jaclynn , Walkes Rachel L. , Alberts Steven R. , McWilliams Robert R. , Liu Minetta C. , Durgin Lori M. , Bekaii-Saab Tanios S. , Mahipal Amit 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTrial InformationClick here to access other published clinical trials.Lessons LearnedTrifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) shows promising antitumor activity in heavily pretreated patients with advanced biliary tract carcinoma, including patients with 5-fluorouracil refractory tumors. FTD/TPI has an acceptable safety profile and should be studied further in patients with advanced biliary tract carcinoma after progression on standard first-line therapy.BackgroundPatients with advanced biliary tract carcinoma (BTC) refractory to first-line therapy lack an established second-line option. Trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) has activity in both fluoropyrimidine-sensitive and -resistant tumors, which led us to conduct a single arm phase II trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of FTD/TPI for patients previously treated for advanced BTC.MethodsPatients with advanced BTC previously treated with at least one line of chemotherapy were enrolled and treated with FTD/TPI until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint target was to have at least 6 patients who were progression free and alive at 16 weeks among 25 evaluable patients. Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and toxicity.ResultsOf 27 evaluable patients, 59.3% received at least three prior lines of therapy, and 81.5% had previous exposure to fluoropyrimidine. Eight (32%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 14.9%–53.5%) patients were progression free at 16 weeks in the primary analysis population (n = 25), which met the predefined efficacy criteria. Median PFS and OS were 3.8 (95% CI, 2–5.8 months) and 6.1 (95% CI, 4.4–11.4 months) months, respectively. No objective responses were seen. There were no unexpected safety signals noted.ConclusionFTD/TPI demonstrated promising antitumor activity, with acceptable toxicity, in heavily pretreated patients with advanced BTC.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Dialysis Discontinuation and Survival after Hospitalization for Serious Conditions among Patients on Maintenance Dialysis
Authors: Agunbiade Abdulkareem , Dasgupta Abhijit , Ward Michael M. 
Published: December 2019

Significance Statement
Racial and ethnic minorities, particularly blacks, survive longer on maintenance dialysis than whites. Minorities are also less likely to discontinue dialysis, which affects relative survival. Both differences have been attributed by some clinicians to better health among minorities on dialysis. To test if health differences explain racial and ethnic differences in dialysis discontinuation, the authors compared the frequency of dialysis discontinuation among racial and ethnic groups after hospitalization for one of four serious medical conditions. Despite hospitalization for the same condition, racial and ethnic minorities were less likely than whites to discontinue dialysis. Using a simulation that accounted for differences in dialysis discontinuation substantially reduced the survival advantage of racial and ethnic minorities. The study suggests that racial and ethnic differences in survival were largely determined by differential discontinuation of dialysis.

Background
Racial and ethnic minorities on dialysis survive longer than whites, and are less likely to discontinue dialysis. Both differences have been attributed by some clinicians to better health among minorities on dialysis.

Methods
To test if racial and ethnic differences in dialysis discontinuation reflected better health, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of survival and dialysis discontinuation among patients on maintenance dialysis in the US Renal Data System after hospitalization for either stroke (n=60,734), lung cancer (n=4100), dementia (n=40,084), or failure to thrive (n=42,950) between 2003 and 2014. We examined the frequency of discontinuation of dialysis and used simulations to estimate survival in minorities relative to whites if minorities had the same pattern of dialysis discontinuation as whites.

Results
Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians had substantially lower frequencies of dialysis discontinuation than whites in each hospitalization cohort. Observed risks of mortality were also lower for blacks, Hispanics, and Asians. In simulations that assigned discontinuation patterns similar to those found among whites across racial and ethnic groups, differences in survival were markedly attenuated and hazard ratios approached 1.0. Survival and dialysis discontinuation frequencies among American Indians and Alaska Natives were close to those of whites.

Conclusions
Racial and ethnic differences in dialysis discontinuation were present among patients hospitalized with similar health events. Among these patients, survival differences between racial and ethnic minorities and whites were largely attributable to differences in the frequency of discontinuation of dialysis.
Pedagogical Trends in Teaching Humanities in the Formation of Future Elementary School Teachers
Authors: Cifuentes-Medina José , Torres-Ortiz Jaime , Espejo-Lozado Ruby 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: This study presents the results of an investigation, which addressed trends in teaching humanities and ethics when training future elementary school teachers participating in a distance and virtual education program. Humanistic education is understood to be a way to develop human sensitivity towards cultural and social diversity in order to understand the world. Objective: Its purpose, among others, is to foster the development of humanism among students. Current problems focus on the most basic and primitive behaviors of the human being, such as their ability to annihilate, reject, exclude, isolate, dominate and control others. Universities have interpreted these ideological conditions as the educational processes that fall within commercial and industrialized educational frameworks. Method: This study was then conducted as an ethnography, which utilized videos as a non-participant technique for observation and record of virtual activity, collected and analyzed through ATLAS-Ti. Results: The results show that the most common pedagogical trends emerge from teacher-student interactions, which are integrated through socio-constructive, cognitive and behavioral processes. Discussion y Conclusion: In particular, such experiences as the need to persist teaching values, ethical principles, and the teacher’s role in training and transmitting humanistic and ethical knowledge can be shared with the community.
Mobbing Mağdurlarının Sosyodemografik Özellikleri, İş Yaşamı ve Ruh Sağlıkları Açısından İncelenmesi: Olgu Serisi
Authors: Deniz Derya 
Published: December 2019

Objective: The aim of this study to evaluate mobbing victims who resorted to outpatient clinics of Department of Forensic Medicine at İstanbul University Faculty of Medicine. 34 workers who were exposed to mobbing were evaluated by clinical interview and social investigation.
Materials and Methods: Information about the mobbing process, sociodemographic characteristics and workplace of the cases were obtained by clinical interview. In this study, the diagnoses given to the patients after the assessment in the Psychiatry Department of İstanbul University Medical Faculty were used. Descriptive Analysis were made using the data of 34 participants.
Results: 67.6% of the cases were female and 32.4% were male. They were aged between 31-62 years and the mean age was 42, 18. 20 of the cases were single, 12 of them were married and 2 of them were divorced. 3 of them were high school graduates, 11 of them have bachelor’s degree and 10 of them have master’s degree. 24 of them (% 70, 6) were working in the public sector and 10 of them (%29,4) were working in the private sector. Their work experiences range from 5 to 35 years. The mean duration of exposure to mobbing was 31.6 months. 91.2% of the cases (31 workers) stated that they were exposed to vertical mobbing.16 of cases were teachers, 7 of them were academicians, 2 of them were health workers, 4 of them were employees of service sector, 2 of them were civil servants, 2 of them were non-governmental organizations’ workers and...
La presencia del objeto en la emancipación de las relaciones escénicas
Authors: Jijón Pamela 
Published: December 2019

A partir del estudio de caso de la obra Esas putas asesinas, adaptación libre del cuento de Roberto Bolaño, creada por el Colectivo Mitómana Artes Escénicas en Quito en 2014, nos preguntamos cómo las presencias objetuales pueden constituirse en un eje del desplazamiento en las relaciones jerárquicas al interior de la escena y con el público.
Analizaremos la importancia del lugar como condición de la aparición objetual, insistiremos en la necesidad de establecer un trato creativo marcado por la delicadeza y el reconocimiento de la afectación mutua entre el sujeto-actor y el objeto; y terminaremos mostrando que, en el desplazamiento de lo cotidiano a lo siniestro, podemos abrir el mundo material hacia múltiples posibilidades de existencia e interpretación.
Improvement in Mathematics Learning Outcomes in ‎Fraction Operation Material with Grid Square Unit Media
Authors: Rohmah Asha Septianti Nur 
Published: December 2019

This research was motivated by MI Ma'arif Kutowinangun fifth grade students who have difficulty in receiving the lessons with materials related to addition and subtraction of various fractions. Especially, when dealing with addition and subtraction of fractions operations with different denominators. This was showed by the results of interviews and observations made by the author. With minimum completeness criteria of 60, from 14 students of V class, only nine of them reached the minimum completeness criteria, and the rest have not been able to achieve the minimum completeness criteria.Based on the above problems, then the author conducted Classroom Action Research (CAR) to determine the improvement of mathematics learning outcomes in fraction operation material with grid square unit media. The research subject was fifth grade students of MI Ma’arif Kutowinangun consisting of 20 students, 11 of them were female and nine of them were male. While, the data collection was obtained through interviews, observation, and evaluation results through written tests which then were analyzed by percentage.Based on this research, there was improvement of student mathematics learning outcomes in fraction operation with grid square unit media. From 20 students who reached the minimum completeness criteria 60 in the first cycle was 16 students or 80%. Then it increased in the second cycle that all fifth grade students of MI Ma'arif Kutowinangun reached the minimum completeness criteria or 100%.
Possible mechanisms of renal denervation long-term cardiac effects
Authors: Zyubanova I. V. , Mordovin V. F. , Pekarskiy S. E. , Ripp T. M. , Falkovskaya A. Yu. , Lichikaki V. A. , Sitkova E. S. , Baev A. E. , Gusakova A. M. , Ryabova T. R. 
Published: December 2019

Background.The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a key role in target organ damage in arterial hypertension (HTN), initiating the development of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), as well as the heart and vascular wall fibrosis and remodeling. In addition, one of the mechanisms of the cardiovascular disease progression is the angiotensin II-induced inflammation.Objective.To study the changes in renin, aldosterone and high-sensitive C‑reactive protein (CRP) levels two years after sympathetic renal denervation (RDN), to compare these changes with antihypertensive efficacy of the intervention and LVH regression.Design and methods.We included 77 patients with drug-resistant hypertension in the absence of contraindications to renal denervation. All patients underwent renal radiofrequency ablation. The active renin, aldosterone and a high-sensitive CRP concentrations assessment, 24‑hour blood pressure (BP) measurement and echocardiography were performed before, at 6 months, one and two years after the intervention.Results.There was a gradual decrease in CRP levels (the difference was significant after 6 months), aldosterone (significant two years after surgical treatment), and active renin (the difference was the most pronounced after one year). At all follow-up assessments, plasma renin activity correlated with left ventricular mass. At the same time, there were no significant differences between responders and non-responders.Conclusions.RDN leads to a RAAS activity attenuation, manifested by the decrease in both renin and aldosterone and CRP, probably due to angiotensin II proinflammatory effects reduction. Given these effects are long-term, correlate with LVH degree and unrelated to the BP lowering, a direct cardioprotective effect of renal denervation should be considered.
Lectura crítica para tiempos de espectáculo
Authors: Elizalde Prada Óscar A. 
Published: December 2019

A la luz de la teoría crítica de la sociedad del espectáculo (Debord, 1967) y sus posteriores desarrollos de cara a lo híper-espectacular (Silva, 2012), este texto aborda la perspectiva de una lectura crítica –afín a los sistemas educativos universitarios– favorable a la construcción de sujetos	que sean, al mismo tiempo, críticos y autocríticos.
ANALISIS SPEKTROSKOPI INFRAMERAH TRANSFORMASI FOURIER (FTIR) DAN PERUBAHAN WARNA LIGNOSELULOSA ALANG-ALANG (Imperata cylindrica) SETELAH PRETREATMENT MENGGUNAKAN ASAM ENCER
Authors: Fauziah Asma , Rodiansono Rodiansono , Sunardi Sunardi 
Published: December 2019

Abstrak. Alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica) mengandung sekitar 59% holoselulosa dan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku bioetanol. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pretreatment menggunakan asam encer terhadap karakteristik struktur kimia pada lignoselulosa alang-alang. Pretreatment dilakukan menggunakan asam encer dengan konsentrasi H2SO4 1%, 2%, 3% dan 4% pada suhu 210°C dalam autoclave selama 45 menit. Analisis perubahan struktur secara kimia setelah pretreatment dengan asam encer dilakukan menggunakan Spektroskopi Inframerah Transformasi Fourier (FTIR). Analisis perubahan warna dilakukan dengan metode CIELAB. Hasil yang diperoleh dari spektra FTIR mengindikasikan bahwa asam encer mendekontruksi strukur kimia dari alang-alang dengan melarutkan hemiselulosa selama proses pretreatment. Perubahan warna (ΔE) berkolerasi dengan modifikasi struktur kimia pada lignoselulosa alang-alang. Kata Abstrak. Alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica) mengandung sekitar 59% holoselulosa dan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku bioetanol. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pretreatment menggunakan asam encer terhadap karakteristik struktur kimia pada lignoselulosa alang-alang. Pretreatment dilakukan menggunakan asam encer dengan konsentrasi H2SO4 1%, 2%, 3% dan 4% pada suhu 210°C dalam autoclave selama 45 menit. Analisis perubahan struktur secara kimia setelah pretreatment dengan asam encer dilakukan menggunakan Spektroskopi Inframerah Transformasi Fourier (FTIR). Analisis perubahan warna dilakukan dengan metode CIELAB. Hasil yang diperoleh dari spektra FTIR mengindikasikan bahwa asam encer mendekontruksi strukur kimia dari alang-alang dengan melarutkan hemiselulosa selama proses pretreatment. Perubahan warna (ΔE) berkolerasi dengan modifikasi struktur kimia pada lignoselulosa alang-alang. Kata kunci: Imperata cylindrica, hidrotermal, asam encer, FTIR