bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children’s Views of the American Presidency
Authors: Oxley Zoe M , Holman Mirya R , Greenlee Jill S , Bos Angela L , Lay J Celeste 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWhat do children think about political leaders? In classic political socialization studies of the late 1950s, children tended to hold idealized views of political leaders. In spite of enormous changes in the political landscape, we know little about how these attitudes have changed in the last 60 years. To assess the views of children today, we surveyed over 500 elementary school children (grades 1–6) in the United States. Children no longer possess favorable views of the president. However, the institution of the presidency continues to be held in high esteem.
Earmarking Risk: Relational Investing and Portfolio Choice
Authors: Hayes Adam , O’Brien Rourke 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOrdinary individuals are increasingly charged with making investment decisions not only for themselves but also for close others. A child’s college savings account and a spouse’s retirement savings are instances where investing has become unmistakably relational. In this paper, we posit a theory of relational investing that extends Zelizer’s relational perspective from the domain of transactions to that of financial risk-taking. Through two original survey experiments, we demonstrate that (1) individuals are less risky with dollars earmarked for others, (2) risk tolerance varies as a function of for whom the dollars are earmarked, and (3) labeling accounts for culturally significant life-stage events (such as retirement or college) also shapes risk tolerance. Because allocation decisions determine financial returns achieved by portfolios invested in the market, our framework and findings have important implications for understanding potential drivers of wealth inequality as well as for the study of culture and economic behavior.
The influence of cobalt manganese ferrite nanoparticles (Co0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4) on reduction of hazardous effects of vanadate in adult rats
Authors: Rezk Mohamed M , Dhmees Abdelghaffar S , Abd El-Magied Mahmoud O , Manaa El-Sayed A , El-Gendy Hassan S 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEffect of cobalt manganese ferrite nanoparticles (M-NPs) (Co0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4) on vanadium hazards was assessment in the present study. Four groups of adult male albino rats [control group and three variably treated groups with ammonium metavanadate accompanied with or without cobalt M-NPs] were studied. The oral administration of ammonium metavanadate (Am.V) (20 mg/kg b.wt.) demonstrated the facility of vanadium to distribute and accumulate in the distinctive body organs and ordered as kidney &gt; liver &gt; lung &gt; brain &gt; spleen. Also, Am.V administration induce a significant disturbance in many physiological parameters (RBS, cholesterol, triglyceride, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, Alb., bilirubin, Alk.Ph., urea, creat., Hb%, red blood cell count and packed cell volume) which might be expected to the liberation of free radicals according to the vanadium intoxication or its ability to disturb many body metabolisms. On the other hand, the intraperitoneal administration of 5% M-NPs in parallel with Am.V orally administration showed the ability of M-NPs to reduce Am.V dangerous impacts, which might be resulted from the essentiality of M-NPs metals to the body metabolism and to its free radicals scavenging properties. So, M-NPs could reduce Am.V hazardous effects.
Phytophthora capsici PcFtsZ2 Is Required for Asexual Development and Plant Infection (Retracted)
Authors: Li Jing , Ai CongCong , Yang CanCan , Jiang WeiLin , Sheng Hui , Morris Paul F. , Zhang XiuGuo 
Published: February 2020

The authors of Li et al. 33:727–741 (2020) retracted this article because of figure composition errors. This article was retracted on 28 November 2022. In bacteria, FtsZ proteins form a Z ring that is the initial step preceding septal fission. FtsZ proteins enable the division of mitochondria in early eukaryotes and are present in some kingdoms but have been lost in animals, fungi, and plants. Here, we have identified two Phytophthora capsici ortholog genes of Escherichia coli FtsZs, designated PcFtsZ1 and PcFtsZ2. Overexpression of PcFtsZ2 in E. coli fully complemented the overexpression phenotype of EcFtsZ. In contrast, overexpression of PcFtsZ1 in E. coli had minimal impact on cell division and separation. Thus, we focused on evaluating the impact of altered expression of PcFtsZ2 in P. capsici, as it exhibited the strongest phenotype. PcFtsZ2 was expressed at the highest levels in mycelia, sporangia, and germinating cysts, as well as in late infection. PcFtsZ2 mis-expression lines showed aberrant asexual growth and development of P. capsici. Alterations in the expression of PcFtsZ2 changed the distribution of mitochondria in hyphae and sporangia and, also, affected the number, size, and shape of actin plaques. Silencing of PcFtsZ2 restrained growth and development of invasive structures, especially cysts and sporangia, substantially inhibiting the ability of transformants to cause blight lesions. In overexpressed transformant lines, cyst and sporangial germination rates were only half that of controls, but hyphal growth from direct germination of sporangia was more rapid than controls. These transformant lines were only slightly impaired in virulence relative to controls. This study emphasizes the essential role of the evolutionarily conserved FtsZ2 proteins in affecting cytoskeleton dynamics.
Adverse Events and Factors Associated With Potentially Avoidable Use of General Anesthesia in Cesarean Deliveries
Authors: Guglielminotti J. , Landau R. , Li G. 
Published: February 2020

(Anesthesiology. 2019;130:912–922)
Over the last decade, the use of general anesthesia for cesarean delivery has decreased, as neuraxial anesthesia has been associated with significantly lower risk of adverse maternal events. Consequently, anesthesia-related morbidity also decreased during that time. The estimated rate for general anesthesia use in cesarean delivery in the United States is ∼5.5%. Patients may receive general anesthesia during cesarean delivery due to contraindications to neuraxial techniques, high-risk situations, or specific comorbidities. However, identifying situations in which general anesthesia was used in cesarean delivery without clinical indication could help select targets for quality assurance programs. This study aimed to examine patient-level and hospital-level risk factors for potentially avoidable general anesthesia in cesarean delivery.
Association of Adverse Perinatal Outcomes of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy With Biochemical Markers: Results of Aggregate and Individual Patient Data Meta-Analyses
Authors: Ovadia C. , Seed P.T. , Sklavounos A. , Geenes B. , Di Ilio C. , Chambers J. , Kohari K. , Bacq Y. , Bozkurt N. , Brun-Furrer R. , Bull L. , Estiú M.C. , Grymowicz M. , Gunaydin B. , Hague W.M. , Haslinger C. , Hu Y. , Kawakita T. , Kebapcilar A.G. , Kebapcilar L. , Kondrackienė J. , Koster M.P.H. , Kowalska-Kańka A. , Kupčinskas L. , Lee R.H. , Locatelli A. , Macias R.I.R. , Marschall H.U. , Oudijk M.A. , Raz Y. , Rimon E. , Shan D. , Shao Y. , Tribe R. , Tripodi V. , Abide C.Y. , Yenidede I. , Thornton J.G. , Chappell L.C. , Williamson C. 
Published: February 2020

(Lancet. 2019;393:899–909)
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy has been associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, including preterm labor, fetal asphyxia, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, and stillbirth. Although studies have found an increased risk of these complications when the serum bile acid concentration is >40 µmol/L, there currently are no studies to indicate a specific concentration threshold that is predictive of fetal death. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to quantify adverse perinatal complications in relation to serum bile acid concentrations and to determine whether specific concentration levels were associated with the risk of stillbirth and preterm birth.
Postpartum Readmissions Among Women With Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Wen T. , Batista N. , Wright J.D. , D’Alton M.E. , Attenello F.J. , Mack W.J. , Friedman A.M. 
Published: February 2020

(Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2019;1(1):89–98)
The obstetric population has been affected by the ongoing opioid epidemic in the United States, with more than one fifth of women receiving opioids during the course of pregnancy. Maternal opioid use disorder (OUD) is rising and increases the risk of maternal mortality and severe morbidity. There is a knowledge gap on the risk for postpartum readmission for women with OUD, which could better inform postpartum care. This study aimed to examine and describe the risk for postpartum readmissions for women with an OUD diagnosis.
Maternal Sleep Practices and Stillbirth: Findings From an International Case-controlled Study
Authors: O'Brien L.M. , Warland J. , Stacey T. , Heazell A.E.P. , Mitchell E.A. 
Published: February 2020

(Birth. 2019;46:344–354)
Late stillbirth, defined as stillbirth at 28 weeks’ gestation or later, is between 1.3 and 8.8 per 1000 and has been decreasing at an annual rate of ∼2.3% in high-income countries. There is room for improvement, as nearly 20,000 stillbirths could have been avoided in 2015 had all high-income countries achieved the rates of the 6 best-performing countries. While many risk factors for late stillbirth are not modifiable during pregnancy, maternal sleep position has been found to significantly impact the risk of stillbirth, as well as sleep duration and number of awakenings. Using a large, international study cohort, this study aimed to investigate potentially modifiable maternal risk factors, including sleep practices, with the hypothesis that supine sleeping position and long sleep duration would increase the risk of late stillbirth.
Association Between Year of Birth and 1-Year Survival Among Extremely Preterm Infants in Sweden During 2004-2007 and 2014-2016
Authors: Norman M. , Hallberg B. , Abrahamsson T. , Björklund L.J. , Domellöf M. , Farooqi A. , Foyn Bruun C. , Gadsbøll C. , Hellström-Westas L. , Ingemansson F. , Källén K. , Ley D. , Maršál K. , Normann E. , Serenius F. , Stephansson O. , Stigson L. , Um-Bergström P. , Håkansson S. 
Published: February 2020

(JAMA. 2019;321(12):1188–1199)
Since 2004-2007, Sweden has created new recommendations, regulations and laws concerning extremely preterm births. In 2008, it became mandatory to register all stillbirths at 22 to 27 weeks’ gestational age to record statistics for all extremely preterm births. The withholding or withdrawal of advanced life support was the subject of regulations issued in 2011. In 2016, national guidelines for perinatal management were published and included recommendations on the resuscitation of infants delivered between 22 and 24 weeks gestation, the use of antenatal corticosteroid treatment, mode of delivery, and centralization of care. It’s unclear if these actions had significant effects on outcomes for extremely preterm infants in Sweden. This study aimed to compare the survival rates of extremely preterm infants born in 2004-2007 with those born between 2014 and 2016.
Baseline Parameters for Rotational Thromboelastometry (ROTEM) in Healthy Women Undergoing Elective Cesarean Delivery: A Prospective Observational Study in Australia
Authors: Lee J. , Eley V.A. , Wyssusek K.H. , Coonan E. , Way M. , Cohen J. , Rowell J. , van Zundert A.A. 
Published: February 2020

(Int J Obst Anesth. 2019;38:10–18)
Hypercoagulation is a physiologic change associated with pregnancy. Despite this hypercoagulable state, obstetric hemorrhage is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Management of obstetric hemorrhage can be optimized by utilizing point-of-care ROTEM testing. However, normal reference ranges for ROTEM have not been established specifically for the obstetric population. Often ROTEM reference ranges obtained from the nonpregnant population have been utilized when using this testing in the obstetric population. The aim of this study was to establish baseline parameters for ROTEM in normal pregnancy. A secondary aim of the study was to compare these values with the reference ranges reported by the manufacturer, based on studies in nonpregnant patients.
Effect of Right-Lateral Versus Left-Lateral Tilt Position on Compression of the Inferior Vena Cava in Pregnant Women Determined by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Fujita N. , Higuchi H. , Sakuma S. , Takagi S. , Latif M.A.H.M. , Ozaki M. 
Published: February 2020

(Anesth Analg. 2019;128(6):1217–1222)
Because of multiple studies conducted in the 1970s, it is currently standard procedure to tilt a cesarean delivery patient 15 degrees through table repositioning or right hip elevation following spinal anesthesia administration. More recent investigations contradict this practice, calling into question which direction of tilt would be more beneficial for expectant mothers. In this study, Fujita and colleagues used magnetic resonance imaging to monitor abdominal aortic and inferior vena cava compression from a right-tilt angle compared with a left-tilt angle in pregnant women.
Prophylactic Incisional Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Reduces the Risk of Surgical Site Infection After Caesarean Section in Obese Women: A Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Hyldig N. , Vinter C.A. , Kruse M. , Mogensen O. , Bille C. , Sorensen J.A. , Lamont R.F. , Wu C. , Heidemann L.N. , Ibsen M.H. , Laursen J.B. , Ovesen P.G. , Rorbye C. , Tanvig M. , Joergensen J.S. 
Published: February 2020

(BJOG. 2019;126:628–625)
About 10% of obese patients experience surgical site infection after cesarean delivery, despite recognized interventions such as prophylactic antibiotics and antiseptic skin preparation to help reduce this maternal risk. An alternative to the standard postoperative dressing (SPD) that has been shown to reduce the risk of surgical site infections in nonobstetric patients is incisional negative pressure wound therapy (iNPWT). There are only a few studies that have focused on this intervention in obstetric patients undergoing cesarean delivery. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of prophylactic iNPWT on obese patients after cesarean delivery.
Comparison of Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in Women With Super Obesity Based on Planned Mode of Delivery
Authors: Parambi A. , Davies-Tuck M. , Palmer K.R. 
Published: February 2020

(Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2019;59:387–393)
Guidelines on preferred delivery methods for pregnant women with super obesity are currently nonexistent. These women are more likely to have medical comorbidities and develop obstetric disorders such as gestational diabetes and preeclampsia. In addition, urgent cesarean delivery may be fraught with anesthetic and surgical challenges. As a result, these women are more likely to undergo an elective cesarean section (CS) despite a lack of evidence to support this approach. The current study was undertaken to compare outcomes based on the planned mode of delivery. The investigators also sought to identify factors that could predict a successful vaginal delivery.
Subsequent Pregnancy Outcomes After Open Maternal-Fetal Surgery for Myelomeningocele
Authors: Goodnight W.H. , Bahtiyar O. , Bennett K.A. , Emery S.P. , Lillegard J.B. , Fisher A. , Goldstein R. , Jatres J. , Lim F.Y. , McCullough L. , Moehrlen U. , Moldenhauer J.S. , Moon-Grady A.J. , Ruano R. , Skupski D.W. , Thom E. , Treadwell M.C. , Tsao K. , Wagner A.J. , Waqar L.N. , Zaretsky M. 
Published: February 2020

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;220:494.e1–494.e7)
Open maternal-fetal surgery (OMFS) for fetal myelomeningocele (fMMC) is associated with a significant reduction in morbidity related to spina bifida. OMFS for fMMC may be associated with adverse outcomes in subsequent pregnancies, but there are limited data available. There is a uterine rupture risk of 4% to 9% associated with a classical hysterotomy, but its unclear whether this risk is similar in hysterotomy for OMFS for fMMC. In 2012, the Fetal Myelomeningocele Consortium, now consisting of 25 institutions, was created to establish a registry of patients undergoing fMMC closure. This study aimed to investigate the maternal and neonatal outcomes in subsequent pregnancies following OMFS for fMMC closure.
Trauma in Pregnancy: A Comprehensive Approach to Mother and Fetus
Authors: MacArthur B. , Foley M. , Gray K. , Sisley A. 
Published: February 2020

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;220(5):465–468)
As the maternal mortality rate in the United States has risen over the past 30 years, efforts to improve maternal and fetal outcomes have produced protocols and checklists for use in various obstetric settings. With these changes comes a need for reevaluation of the approach to trauma in pregnancy, focusing on standardization. Advanced Trauma Life Support, overseen by the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma, is widely recognized as the standard for the initial evaluation and treatment of trauma patients. This report described a fetal trauma survey designed to integrate with Advanced Trauma Life Support.
Association of Chorioamnionitis and its Duration With Adverse Maternal Outcomes by Mode of Delivery: A Cohort Study
Authors: Venkatesh K.K. , Glover A.V. , Vladutiu C.J. , Stamilio D.M. 
Published: February 2020

(BJOG. 2019;126:719–727)
Chorioamnionitis affects 2% to 5% of all births and is associated with an increased risk of maternal and neonatal morbidity. There is a lack of current population-level data on the association between intra-amniotic infections and maternal outcomes. The effect of chorioamnionitis on maternal outcomes will help inform the development of maternal safety bundles. These researchers aimed to investigate the effects of chorioamnionitis, and its duration, on adverse maternal outcomes. The authors hypothesized that the impact would be greater in mothers delivering via cesarean section compared with vaginal delivery.
Point-of-Care Ultrasound Abnormalities in Late-Onset Severe Preeclampsia: Prevalence and Association With Serum Albumin and Brain Natriuretic Peptide
Authors: Ortner C.M. , Krishnamoorthy V. , Neethling E. , Flint M. , Swanevelder J.L. , Lombard C. , Fawcus S. , Dyer R.A. 
Published: February 2020

(Anesth Analg. 2019;128(6):1208–1216)
Care providers frequently use point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) on pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia to prevent serious afflictions such as cerebral complications or cardiorespiratory failure. Present-day ultrasound research has found a number of indicators for pulmonary interstitial syndrome (PIS) and a higher optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), the latter of which could indicate elevated intracranial pressure. As of now, irregular laboratory markers of oncotic pressure and cardiac dysfunction have inconclusive clinical applications; many experts posit that reduced serum albumin level is a contributor to excessive brain fluid and brain swelling. These investigators examined patients with preeclampsia to determine how PIS, ONSD, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and serum albumin level contribute to cardiac dysfunction. They also aimed to study the comparison of information acquired from a POCUS examination to information recorded with traditional clinical methods.
Pilot Survey of Female Anesthesiologists’ Childbearing and Parental Leave Experiences
Authors: Pearson A.C.S. , Dodd S.E. , Kraus M.B. , Ondecko Ligda K.M. , Hertzberg L.B. , Patel P.V. , Chandrabose R.K. 
Published: February 2020

(Anesth Analg. 2019;128(6):e109–e112)
Because of the fact that recovery from childbirth is a crucial period in a woman’s life, experts in a number of medical communities have issued policy statements on parental leave and breastfeeding accommodations for physicians. However, the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) has not put forth any guidelines on either parental leave or breastfeeding arrangements. Previous research has been conducted to study how female surgeons’ careers are affected by childbearing, but there are no studies that examine how parental leave and breastfeeding would influence an anesthesiologist’s professional career. The aim of this study was to record information on women working in anesthesiology to understand their impressions on pregnancy, childbirth, recovery from childbirth, and lactation in the context of their career.
Effect of Companion Presence on Maternal Satisfaction During Neuraxial Catheter Placement for Labor Analgesia: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Morell E. , Peralta F.M. , Higgins N. , Suchar A. , Fitzgerald P. , McCarthy R.J. 
Published: February 2020

(Int J Obstet Anesth. 2019;38:66–74)
Neuraxial labor analgesia is an effective and common choice for labor pain management, with the procedure being performed in the labor room under sterile conditions. While some hospitals ask the patient’s companion to leave the room during epidural placement, some studies have found that the presence of a companion can affect both the patient’s and companion’s anxiety level. This study performed at a teaching hospital aimed to investigate the effect of companion presence during combined spinal epidural catheter placement on maternal satisfaction with the neuraxial procedure.
Time From Neuraxial Anesthesia Placement to Delivery is Inversely Proportional to Umbilical Arterial Cord pH at Scheduled Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Rimsza R.R. , Perez W.M. , Babbar S. , O’Brien M. , Vricella L.K. 
Published: February 2020

(Am J Obst Gynecol. 2019;220:389.e1–389.e9)
While the maternal risks of cesarean delivery are well documented in the literature, less is known about the risks to the fetus. Neuraxial block-related hypotension and maternal obesity have been found to contribute to uterine hypoperfusion and umbilical arterial pH depression. Examining the time between spinal anesthesia placement and delivery could provide insight into these risks to the fetus awaiting cesarean delivery. The aim of this study was to evaluate neonatal umbilical arterial pH in relation to predelivery time intervals during scheduled cesarean delivery.
High-flow Nasal Oxygen Versus Standard Flow Facemask Preoxygenation in Pregnant Patients: A Randomized Physiological Study
Authors: Shippam W. , Preston R. , Douglas J. , Taylor J. , Albert A. , Chau A. 
Published: February 2020

(Anaesthesia. 2019;75:450–456)
While preoxygenation is an important component of safe general anesthesia, it is often suboptimal for obstetric patients. This is due to several factors including air entrainment even with a tight-fitting mask, the need for rapid delivery of the fetus in many situations, and human factor issues. For obstetric patients, an end-tidal oxygen concentration (EtO2) ≥90% is recommended before initiating rapid sequence induction and tracheal intubation. The standard practice for preoxygenation in this population is usually either 3 minutes of tidal volume breathing or 8 vital capacity breaths with facemask administration of 100% oxygen at 15 L/min. Growing in popularity for nonobstetric patients, including children, is high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) to increase the time to desaturation during induction of general anesthesia; however, literature on HFNO for obstetric patients is sparse. This study aimed to determine whether preoxygenation with HFNO (30 to 70 L/min oxygen flow) via nasal prongs is as effective as the recommended preoxygenation using standard 15 L/min oxygen administered via a tight-fitting facemask in obstetric patients.