bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic impact of breast cancer on young women in Ghana: A qualitative study
Authors: Iddrisu Merri , Aziato Lydia , Ohene Lillian A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimThis study was undertaken to discover the socioeconomic impact of breast cancer on young women in Ghana.MethodsA qualitative exploratory and descriptive design was used to recruit 12 young women from the University of Ghana hospital, 37 Military hospital and Ridge hospital. Individual interviews were conducted face to face and data transcribed verbatim and analysed using content analysis.ResultsThree themes emerged: perceptions and beliefs; economic concerns; and secrecy. Participants perceived that breast cancer was a test of faith, a spiritual disease that is contagious and disgraceful. Mostly, participants stopped work to cater for themselves, and as a result, they encountered financial challenges. Their challenges were compounded with conscious efforts to keep diagnosis secret to avoid being stigmatized.ConclusionYoung women living with breast cancer need support physically, economically and socially from healthcare providers, their families and the society at large.
Prevalence of obesity and association between body mass index and different aspects of lifestyle in medical sciences students: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Aslani Armin , Faraji AmirReza , Allahverdizadeh Bager , Fathnezhad‐Kazemi Azita 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimThe global obesity pandemic is a major health problem with adverse effects on physical and mental health. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of obesity and the association between BMI and different aspects of lifestyle.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsData collected from 380 medical sciences students using demographic characteristics and Eating Behavior, Physical Activity and Perceived Stress Questionnaires were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, namely analysis of variance (ANOVA), t test, Pearson's test and multivariate linear regression model.ResultsThe prevalence of obesity and overweight was 3.2% and 25.3%, respectively. There was a positive and significant statistical association between emotional eating (r = .542), extrinsic eating (r = .488) and perceived stress (r = .489) with BMI, also significant and an inverse association was obtained between emotional eating (r = −.488) and total physical activity score (r = −.394) with BMI. Factors such as sex, total physical activity score and leisure time activity, external eating behaviours, emotional eating, restricted eating and perceived stress had a significant role in explaining BMI changes.ConclusionThere is a need to develop interventions to improve dietary behaviours, management stress and access to sports facilities by health‐promoting activities and the provision of online health resources.
Striving to reduce suffering: A Phenomenological Study of nurses experience in caring for children with cancer in Ghana
Authors: Nukpezah Ruth Nimota , Khoshnavay Fatemeh Fomani , Hasanpour Marzieh , Nasrabadi Alireza Nikbakht 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo provide insights into nurses lived experiences in caring for children with cancer.BackgroundLittle is known about the paediatric oncology nurses shared practices of caring for children with cancer in Ghana.DesignA hermeneutic phenomenological qualitative study.MethodsA semi‐structured interview with 14 purposely sampled Ghanaian paediatric oncology nurses. Findings were analysed using Diekelman, Allen and Tanner's approach.ResultsThe theme "Striving to reduce suffering" and three relational subthemes: "knowing children's needs," “Rendering a hopeful fight” and “Ensuring continuity and coordination of care” emerged. Increased awareness of this phenomenon for the nurses who care for these children is vital to ensure quality and holistic care that is meaningful and satisfying by nurses for children with cancer. Paediatric oncology nurses can use the result of the study to evaluate their caring practice and as an avenue to develop better caring practice.
Dermatologic Adverse Events Associated with Selective Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors: Overview, Prevention, and Management Guidelines
Authors: Lacouture Mario E. , Sibaud Vincent , Anadkat Milan J. , Kaffenberger Benjamin , Leventhal Jonathan , Guindon Kathleen , Abou-Alfa Ghassan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) tyrosine kinases, which are expressed on the cell membrane, are involved in a wide range of biological functions such as cell proliferation, survival, migration, and differentiation. The identification of FGFR fusions and other alterations in a wide range of solid tumors, including cholangiocarcinoma and bladder cancer, has resulted in the development of several selective FGFR inhibitors for use in these indications, for example, infigratinib, erdafitinib, derazantinib, pemigatinib, and futibatinib. In addition to the typical adverse events associated with tyrosine kinases, the FGFR inhibitors appear to give rise to a number of adverse events affecting the skin. Here we describe these skin events, which include the more common nail adverse events (e.g., onycholysis), palmar–plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome, and stomatitis, as well as less common reactions such as calciphylaxis. This review aims to provide oncologists with an understanding of these dermatologic events and proposes guidelines for the management of treatment-emergent dermatologic adverse events. Awareness of possible adverse events associated with specific drugs should allow physicians to educate patients as to what to expect and implement effective management plans at the earliest possible opportunity, thereby preventing premature discontinuation while maintaining patient quality of life.Implications for PracticeIdentification of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) aberrations in cholangiocarcinoma and bladder cancer led to development of selective FGFR inhibitors for these indications, based on clinical benefit and safety profiles. The most frequent adverse events (AEs) include those affecting skin, hair, and nails, a unique class effect of these agents. These are usually mild to moderate in severity. This work reviewed skin AEs reported with FGFR inhibitors and provides management guidelines for physicians, aiming to increase awareness of skin events and provide effective treatment strategies. Early intervention and effective management may improve treatment adherence, optimize outcomes, and improve quality of life.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Triangular Rh2Au Cluster Compound Inspired by the Isolobality Concept
Authors: Böttcher Hans‐Christian , Graf Marion , Mayer Peter , Scheer Manfred 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe synthesis of [Rh2(η5‐Cp)2(μ‐H)(μ‐PPh2)2]BF4 (2) by protonation reaction of the metal basic complex [Rh2(η5‐Cp)2(μ‐PPh2)2] (1) with tetrafluoroboric acid in diethyl ether is described. Complex salt 2 was obtained in high yield and fully characterized by spectroscopic means and X‐ray crystal diffraction. Applying the isolobal analogy between H and the fragment Au(PPh3) as a synthetic strategy on the reaction of compound 2 with equimolar amounts of [Au(CH3)(PPh3)] in refluxing acetone resulted in the formation of the expected triangular cluster compound [Rh2{μ‐Au(PPh3)}(η5‐Cp)2(μ‐PPh2)2]BF4 (3) in good yield. Metal cluster salt 3 was fully characterized by spectroscopic data and its molecular structure in the crystal was determined by X‐ray diffraction. The structural comparison of the protonated dirhodium core in the cationic complex of 2 with the Rh2Au framework in 3 is in good accordance with the isolobal relation between H+ and Au+ because they share the respective same position in these closely related molecular structures.
Preparation of polyurethane composites reinforced with halloysite and carbon nanotubes
Authors: Pourmohammadi‐Mahunaki Mohammadali , Haddadi‐Asl Vahid , Roghani‐Mamaqani Hossein , Koosha Mojtaba , Yazdi Mohammad 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPolyurethane composites were synthesized using carbon nanotube (CNT) and CNT‐halloysite (HNT) hybrid in different amounts. Thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties of the composites were studied using thermogravimetric analysis, rheometrics mechanical spectrometry, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, stress‐strain analysis, and hardness measurement. In this context, phase separation, elastic modulus, the Young's modulus, damping, tensile strength, ductility, thermal degradation, hardness, and conductivity were measured and discussed in detail. Modulus, tensile strength, and hardness were increased by 69%, 29%, and 1%, respectively, with incorporation of CNT, while tensile strength was reduced in the hybrid composites containing CNT‐HNT hybrid. In addition, hard and soft segment phase separation and melting points were increased up to 0.8% and 21%, respectively, by the addition of CNT. However, these characteristics were reduced with the addition of CNT‐HNT hybrid in the related composites. Uniform dispersion of HNT and CNT in the polyurethane matrix is clearly shown in the transmission electron microscopy images.
de Sitter Bubbles and the Swampland
Authors: Bedroya Alek , Montero Miguel , Vafa Cumrun , Valenzuela Irene 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA number of Swampland conjectures and in particular the Trans‐Planckian Censorship Conjecture (TCC) suggest that de Sitter space is highly unstable if it exists at all. In this paper we construct effective theories of scalars rolling on potentials which are dual to a chain of short‐lived dS spaces decaying from one to the next through a cascade of non‐perturbative nucleation of bubbles. We find constraints on the effective potential resulting from various swampland criteria, including TCC, Weak Gravity Conjecture and Distance Conjecture. Surprisingly we find that TCC essentially incorporates all the other ones, and leads to a subclass of possible dual effective potentials. These results marginally rule out emergence of eternal inflation in the dual effective theory. We discuss some cosmological implications of our observations.
Lessons learned—How to make them stick
Authors: Chosnek Jack 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAfter an incident investigation we gather the facts, assign causes and compile a set of lessons that should, if learned well, prevent a similar incident from occurring. Unfortunately, too often we see the same type of incident happening, sometimes in the same company that had the original incident, although not necessarily in the same facility, or in a company using the same process technology as the company that had the incident. What happened? We do not learn by listening to a talk or reading a bulletin, at least not for the long term. Our memory fades with time. Even if not, we still need to relate the incident findings to the planning and execution of our work. Thus, the way to remember those lessons is by making them vivid when training, incorporating them in our technology and daily operations, and periodically reinforcing them. If we manage to do that, there is a good chance that the lessons will be woven into the fabric of the company and incidents will not be repeated.
Clotting disorder in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Authors: Pujhari Sujit , Paul Sanjeeta , Ahluwalia Jasmina , Rasgon Jason L. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is a novel human respiratory viral infection that has rapidly progressed into a pandemic, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Blood clotting disorders and acute respiratory failure have surfaced as the major complications among the severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Remarkably, more than 70% of deaths related to COVID‐19 are attributed to clotting‐associated complications such as pulmonary embolism, strokes and multi‐organ failure. These vascular complications have been confirmed by autopsy. This study summarizes the current understanding and explains the possible mechanisms of the blood clotting disorder, emphasizing the role of (1) hypoxia‐related activation of coagulation factors like tissue factor, a significant player in triggering coagulation cascade, (2) cytokine storm and activation of neutrophils and the release of neutrophil extracellular traps and (3) immobility and ICU related risk factors.
On the moment dynamics of stochastically delayed linear control systems
Authors: Sykora Henrik T. , Sadeghpour Mehdi , Ge Jin I. , Bachrathy Dániel , Orosz Gábor 
Published: October 2020

SummaryIn this article, the dynamics and stability of a linear system with stochastic delay and additive noise are investigated. It is assumed that the delay value is sampled periodically from a stationary distribution. A semi‐discretization technique is used to time‐discretize the system and derive the mean and second‐moment dynamics. These dynamics are used to obtain the stationary moments and the corresponding necessary and sufficient stability conditions. The application of the proposed method is illustrated through the analysis of the Hayes equation with stochastic delay and additive noise. The method is also applied to the control design of a connected automated vehicle. These examples illuminate the effects of stochastic delays on the robustness of dynamical systems.
Toward a better integration of requirements and model‐based specifications
Authors: Lebeaupin Benoît , Rauzy Antoine 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAs of today, most specifications of technical systems still rely on requirements written in natural language. However, this approach is known to be problem‐prone, due to the inherent ambiguity of natural languages. On the other hand, fully formal or model‐based approaches seem to be out of reach in many practical cases, especially in early design phases of systems. In this article, we study how to combine in a pragmatic way natural language requirements with models. We propose to keep both formats and to link pieces of text in requirements with elements of models. In other words, corpuses of requirements are managed as hypertexts with links to models. For this approach to be fully efficient, the text of requirements is not free, but relies on controlled natural language techniques leading to a partial structuring of the text. We show that this makes it possible to design (semi)automatic verifications on requirements and models, which would be impossible with unconstrained natural language. We illustrate here our approach on a small illustrative example and we report results obtained on a full size industrial application.
Life‐cycle cost optimization of semiactive magnetorheological dampers for the seismic control of steel frames
Authors: Salajegheh Soheil , Asadi Payam 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThis paper aims to achieve minimum life‐cycle cost, by applying a seismic design optimization of the steel frames with semiactive magnetorheological (MR) dampers. The total life‐cycle cost, which includes the initial constructional and expected damage costs, is an adequate goal to satisfy both employer and users. For optimal performance of the dampers, two fuzzy control systems are suggested, each having two different inputs. Results of numerical analysis for an 11‐story steel structure show that using MR dampers decreases the interstory drift ratios to a permissible limit. It also reduces life‐cycle cost when the design is optimum and when the dampers are evenly distributed by 23% and 14%, respectively. In the case where the objective function was to minimize the total life‐cycle cost, the expected injury and fatality, as the most crucial financial parameters, had the highest decrease rate. There was also a 17% drop in comparison to the state that the dampers are evenly distributed. The fuzzy control with drift and velocity as inputs had better performance in minimizing the total life‐cycle cost than the other fuzzy control, which used acceleration instead of velocity.
Enhanced omega‐3 index after long‐ versus short‐chain omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation in dogs
Authors: Dominguez Tonje E. , Kaur Kiranpreet , Burri Lena 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Omega‐3 Index is a test that measures the amount of the long‐chain omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in red blood cell membranes, which is expressed as a percentage of all fatty acids. However, alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA) from flaxseed oil, which is a short‐chain n‐3 PUFA, is often promoted in pet feed as a n‐3 source, implicitly assuming it is an effective precursor of EPA and DHA.ObjectiveThis study was aimed to compare the effect of supplementation with a plant‐based short‐chain n‐3 PUFA source (flaxseed oil, FSO) with a marine long‐chain n‐3 PUFA source (astaxanthin krill oil, AKO) to increase the Omega‐3 Index in dogs.MethodsTen adult Alaskan Huskies of both genders were supplemented daily with 1,155 mg of EPA/DHA from AKO, whereas another 10 dogs received 1,068 mg ALA from flaxseed oil for 6 weeks. Fatty acid and Omega‐3 Index measurements of the two groups were taken after 0, 3 and 6 weeks for comparison.ResultsThe EPA and DHA concentrations increased significantly only in the dogs fed with AKO resulting in a significant increase in mean Omega‐3 Index, from 1.68% at baseline to 2.7% after 6 weeks of supplementation (p < .0001). On the contrary, both EPA and DHA concentrations decreased significantly in the dogs fed with FSO, which led to a significant decrease in mean Omega‐3 Index from 1.6% at baseline to 0.96% at study end (p < .0001).ConclusionsThe results showed that supplementation of AKO from Antarctic krill led to a significant increase in the Omega‐3 Index in comparison to FSO in dogs. This suggests that preformed marine EPA and DHA sources are needed in dog feeds, as the dietary requirements proposed by feed industry organizations are not met with conversion from short‐chain n‐3 fatty acids.
Exact results and Schur expansions in quiver Chern-Simons-matter theories
Authors: Santilli Leonardo , Tierz Miguel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe study several quiver Chern-Simons-matter theories on the three-sphere, combining the matrix model formulation with a systematic use of Mordell’s integral, computing partition functions and checking dualities. We also consider Wilson loops in ABJ(M) theories, distinguishing between typical (long) and atypical (short) representations and focusing on the former. Using the Berele-Regev factorization of supersymmetric Schur polynomials, we express the expectation value of the Wilson loops in terms of sums of observables of two factorized copies of U(N) pure Chern-Simons theory on the sphere. Then, we use the Cauchy identity to study the partition functions of a number of quiver Chern-Simons-matter models and the result is interpreted as a perturbative expansion in the parameterstj=−e2πmj, wheremjare the masses. Through the paper, we incorporate different generalizations, such as deformations by real masses and/or Fayet-Iliopoulos parameters, the consideration of a Romans mass in the gravity dual, and adjoint matter.
Transverse momentum broadening of a jet in quark-gluon plasma: an open quantum system EFT
Authors: Vaidya Varun , Yao Xiaojun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe utilize the technology of open quantum systems in conjunction with the recently developed effective field theory for forward scattering to address the question of massless jet propagation through a weakly-coupled quark-gluon plasma in thermal equilibrium. We discuss various possible hierarchies of scales that may appear in this problem, by comparing thermal scales of the plasma with relevant scales in the effective field theory. Starting from the Lindblad equation, we derive and solve a master equation for the trans- verse momentum distribution of a massless quark jet, at leading orders both in the strong coupling and in the power counting of the effective field theory. Markovian approximation is justified in the weak coupling limit. Using the solution to the master equation, we study the transverse momentum broadening of a jet as a function of the plasma temperature and the time of propagation. We discuss the physical origin of infrared sensitivity that arises in the solution and a way to handle it in the effective field theory formulation. We suspect that the final measurement constraint can only cut-off leading infrared singularities and the solution to the Markovian master equation resums a logarithmic series. This work is a stepping stone towards understanding jet quenching and jet substructure observables on both light and heavy quark jets as probes of the quark-gluon plasma.
Chimäre Antigenrezeptoren (CARs) in der Onkologie: eine Übersicht zu klinischer Anwendung und neuen Entwicklungen
Authors: Michels Alexander , Hartmann Jessica , Buchholz Christian J. 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung2018 erhielten 2 neuartige Krebstherapien auf Basis chimärer Antigenrezeptoren (CARs) die Marktzulassung in der Europäischen Union. Die Produkte, zunächst zugelassen für die Bekämpfung weit fortgeschrittener Leukämien bzw. Lymphome, erhielten nicht nur wegen ihrer neuen Wirkungsweise und Behandlungserfolge viel Aufmerksamkeit, sondern auch wegen ihrer teilweise gravierenden Nebenwirkungen sowie der wirtschaftlichen und logistischen Herausforderungen, die mit ihrer Herstellung verknüpft sind. Nun, fast 2 Jahre später, belegen Hunderte laufende klinische Studien das weltweite Bestreben, das Potenzial der CAR-Technologie voll zu erschließen. Dazu gilt es, die Effektivität der Behandlung bei verschiedenen Krankheitsbildern sicherzustellen, das Nebenwirkungsprofil zu verstehen und zu verbessern und die Herstellung des Zellpräparats robuster zu gestalten.In diesem Artikel beschreiben wir die Studienlage sowie das Wirkprinzip von CAR-T- und -NK-Zellen. In jüngster Zeit hat eine Reihe von Studien in fortgeschrittenen Tiermodellen Einblicke in die potenziellen Ursachen schwerer Nebenwirkungen der CAR-Therapie ermöglicht. Wir fassen diese Ergebnisse zusammen und erläutern die Funktionsweise verfügbarer Tiermodelle. Zusätzlich zeigen wir mögliche weitere Ansätze auf, die momentanen Limitationen der Technologie zu umgehen und sie breit und sicher einsetzbar zu machen. Bisher als letztes Mittel bei sehr schweren Krankheitsverläufen eingesetzt, scheint die CAR-Therapie am Beginn einer Entwicklung hin zu einem neuen Konzept bei der Behandlung eines breiten Spektrums von hämatologischen und soliden Tumorerkrankungen zu stehen.