bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Consistency of Kurdish Democratic Autonomy with International Human Rights Law
Authors: Pentassuglia Gaetano 
Published: July 2020

Large sectors of the Kurdish movement in Turkey have progressively come to discuss, develop and/or endorse models of so-called “democratic autonomy”. While there are several works in the field detailing and critiquing Turkey’s policies vis-à-vis the Kurds, the international legal dimension of the Kurdish democratic autonomy proposal in its own right has received far less attention to date. The present article seeks to fill this gap by reflecting upon the internal coherence and consistency of the democratic autonomy argument in light of international law standards and practice, with particular reference to internal self-determination in Turkey. I argue that any future settlement of the Kurdish question will require not only Turkey’s compliance with its own human rights obligations, but also the Kurdish movement’s ability to negotiate the accommodation of its aspirations in ways that are consistent with international human rights law.
Voltaire progressiste en Roumanie
Authors: Galleron Ioana 
Published: July 2020

Résumé
Partant de l’édition d’œuvres choisies de Voltaire publiée entre 1957 et 1960 aux éditions d’État pour la littérature et l’art, cet article étudie la transfor-mation de la perception de cet auteur dans la Roumanie communiste. Sur fond de soviétisation du pays et de propagande, on sélectionne attentive-ment les titres et on les accompagne de préfaces orientant la lecture dans un sens « progressiste ». Si, avant 1947, c’est surtout l’auteur des contes philosophiques et des tragédies qui a les faveurs des maisons d’édition et du public, le changement de régime fait tomber l’accent sur l’historien et le philosophe. Toutefois, autant que les points de convergence idéologiques, ce sont les « errances » du penseur de Ferney par rapport à la doctrine de Marx, Engels et Lénine qui sont soulignées par les critiques roumains de la période considérée.
Sade face à la censure en Hongrie. Expérience d’une traductrice
Authors: Kovács Ilona 
Published: July 2020

Résumé
Le problème complexe de la réception tardive de tout l’œuvre du marquis de Sade doit être considéré dans le contexte de l’histoire de la censure en Hongrie au cours de plusieurs siècles. Mon article se nourrit de mon expérience de traductrice, en particulier de ma traduction de La Philosophie dans le boudoir (1989). L’aperçu historique sur l’absence de réception de ses textes avant 1989 puis sur la période suivante qui a commencé avec le changement de régime et une grande liberté dans le domaine éditorial, illustre bien les limites et les avatars de la censure en Europe Centrale et Orientale.
Approche critique de la lecture des Lumières en Albanie
Authors: Tartari Kërtusha Ériona 
Published: July 2020

Résumé
Cet article aborde les questions soulevées par la circulation des textes des Lumières en Albanie à l’époque où le réalisme socialiste régnait en maître. Après un rappel du contexte politique, l’analyse porte sur les difficultés pour un traducteur de Rousseau de se montrer fidèle aux principes idéologiques d’un État dont l’ambition fut de construire un « homme nouveau ». Si la traduction n’échappe pas à ces impératifs, elle ne peut éviter non plus certains des éléments de la culture albanaise traditionnelle héritée de siècles de domination ottomane.
Customs and Imposition of Duties in the Emirate of Bukhara
Authors: Azizov Ikromjon 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The article studies the customs policy of the Emirate of Bukhara in the second half of 19th and early 20th centuries. The Islamic legislation was the legal foundation for the customs policy of the emirate, therefore the author has disclosed the Shariat regulation of the customs affairs of this state. Changes in international economic relations of the Emirate of Bukhara, as well as in traditional customs regulation of the state, which occurred after its transformation into the Russian protectorate and their consequences are important issues of this article.
Scholarships of Emirs of Bukhara
Authors: Klichev Oybek 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Based on the study of diplomatic correspondence between the Bukhara emirate and the Russian Empire, this article highlights the issues of granting scholarships issued at the expense of the Bukhara government to gifted and low-income students of secondary specialized, vocational educational institutions functioned in the regions of the Turkestan Governorate-General. Also, such important aspects of this problem as educational institutions that received scholarships of the Bukhara government, the conditions for their appointment, the size and terms of the scholarships, and the choice of scholarship holders, etc. were analyzed in detail.
The Question of the Legitimacy of the Hashemite Regime in Jordan: the Islamic Radical Organizations, the Western Territories and Israel
Authors: Yitzhak Ronen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article explores the question of the legitimacy of the Hashemite regime in Jordan. Jordanian public opinion, on the one hand, recognizes the regime, in large part because of its genealogical descent from the Prophet Muhammad. Radical Islamic organizations, on the other hand, reject it for its ties to the West and Israel. The article examines how the views of Islamic movements towards the Hashemite regime have evolved. The Muslim Brotherhood originally recognized the legitimacy of the Hashemite regime, but changed that position in response to Jordan’s 1994 peace treaty with Israel. al-Qāʿidah and ISIS have never recognized Hashemite rule as legitimate. They have tried to undermine its political stability and, indeed, to overthrow it, rejecting its secularism and cooperation with Israel and the West.
The terrorist organizations al-Qāʿidah and ISIS find support and sympathy among Jordanians, but as they committed more terrorist attacks, the Jordanian public has turned away from them and its support for the Hashemite regime has grown. The Hashemite regime thus remains stable and strong and enjoys legitimacy in the eyes of the majority of Jordanians.
Examining Middle School Students’ Gestures on Geological Field Trips
Authors: Choi Yoon-Sung , Choe Seung-Urn , Kim Chan-Jong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine middle school students’ gestures during a geological field trip. Previous research on gestures has focused on understanding human development and exploring students’ gestures can be helpful in improving understanding of students’ communication in learning environments. In this study, middle school students from a gifted education center engaged in fieldwork along the Hantan-River to learn about and explain river formation processes. Using hermeneutics to interpret meaning from student gestures, researchers identified three types of frequently used gestures: deictic, imageable, and depictive, which served either a social communication purpose (explaining, asking, insisting, and giving evidence) or science communication purposes (visualization and temporal or spatial). Researchers offer implications about the role of gestures for helping novice learners communicate geoscience content and about the potential for gestures to be used by educators as an instructional resource for learners.
Experiences within a cross-cultural academic exchange programme and impacts on personal and professional development
Authors: Mashizume Yuki , Watanabe Makoto , Fukase Yuko , Zenba Yosuke , Takahashi Kayoko 
Published: July 2020

Introduction As society becomes increasingly internationalised, it is important to consider international perspectives on occupational therapy education. There is little research on the experiences and impacts of international learning opportunities such as through academic exchange programmes. The aim of this study was to explore the impacts of an international academic exchange programme among occupational therapy students. Methods This study was conducted as a qualitative research study. Data were collected by in-depth semi-structured interviews with nine participants (three men and six women) who participated in an exchange programme at Thomas Jefferson University in the United States and graduated from Kitasato University in Japan. A grounded theory approach was used to analyse the qualitative data. Findings Educational outcomes were sorted into four categories: experience, reaction, learning and behaviour. Knowledge and experience gained from the international exchange programme had a positive impact on the personal and professional development of the participants. Participants reported that the programme helped them in acceptance of diversity, collaborating beyond boundaries and gaining confidence from challenges. These impacts persisted even after they graduated. Conclusions In an increasingly globalised world, internationalisation of occupational therapy education is significant to build a global community of occupational therapists who seek to improve their practice.
The Response of Arab Region to Overcome Global Financial Crisis
Authors: Aziz Omar Ghazy 
Published: July 2020

The main objective of this study is to analyze the policies adopted by Arab countries to recover from the global financial crisis (GFC) in 2008. The study highlights the fiscal and monetary policies that were applied by Arab countries to maintain economic activity. The study shows that Arab countries primarily relied on a mix of fiscal policies to stimulate the economy. As a result, the accumulated oil revenues enabled them to respond quickly, preventing a deeper deceleration in growth and also supporting a growth rebound. However, for countries with limited fiscal space, macroeconomic and oil revenue management became more challenging. Strategies aimed at increasing non-oil sources of growth are recommended to help reduce the vulnerability of these countries to excessive oil price volatility. JEL Classifications: E520, E620, O40, P470
Autologous pericranium grafts for large orbital implants
Authors: Ibáñez Flores Nuria , Secondi Roberto , Becerra Rangel Erika 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Insufficient orbital volume in an anophthalmic socket is a major problem for the placement of an ocular prosthesis. This study reports the outcomes of the use of autologous pericranium graft in association with a large primary or secondary orbital implant in patients with a contracted socket and large orbital volume deficit. Methods: This was a retrospective single-institution study. Participants were 13 patients with contracted socket, volume deficit, and insufficient conjunctiva to cover the new implant divided into two groups, A ( n = 3) and B ( n = 10), according to the baseline condition of the socket. Surgery was primary evisceration (group A only) and placement of a large orbital implant followed by an autologous pericranium graft over the implant (groups A and B). Results: Mean follow-up duration for the patient series was 9.5 months (range 9–24). Complete epithelialization of the pericranium graft was recorded at 47.3 days of follow-up (range 33–67). No cases of implant exposure or shrinkage were noted during follow-up. Main postoperative complications were conjunctival granuloma (five patients, 38.5%), conjunctival seroma (one patient, 7.7%). All patients were satisfied with the aesthetic outcome. Conclusion: Autologous pericranial graft was effective in reconstructing the contracted socket so that the anophthalmic socket could accommodate a larger or secondary orbital implant. The efficacy of this procedure needs to be confirmed in a larger patient series.
Short report: Evaluating the safety and usability of head-mounted virtual reality compared to monitor-displayed video for children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Malihi Mahan , Nguyen Jenny , Cardy Robyn E , Eldon Salina , Petta Catharine , Kushki Azadeh 
Published: July 2020

Virtual reality provides a relatively inexpensive way to learn and repeatedly practice skills in personalized, controlled, and safe computer-generated settings. These systems are increasingly receiving attention as an innovative medium for delivering interventions to children with autism spectrum disorder. Although many virtual reality systems are commercially available and their use is increasing, little is known about the safety and usability of these systems for children with autism spectrum disorder. The aim of this study was a first step in addressing this gap. A convenience sample of 35 children with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder participated in an immersive head-mounted display virtual reality experience and a control condition (monitor-displayed video). Levels of anxiety and negative effects experienced were not significantly different between the two conditions. Participants reported significantly enhanced spatial presence (p = 0.003; d = 0.3) and naturalness (p = 0.002; d = 0.47) for the head-mounted display–virtual reality condition, and 74% of participants preferred using head-mounted display–virtual reality over monitor-displayed video. These findings provide preliminary evidence to support the safety and usability of head-mounted display–virtual reality for children with autism spectrum disorder. Future studies are needed to replicate the results in a larger sample, a range of virtual reality experiences, and in the context of long-term exposure. Lay abstract This study investigated the safety and usability of a virtual reality experience for children with autism spectrum disorder in a laboratory setting. In our study, the negative effects of head-mounted display–virtual reality were similar to monitor-displayed video watching. At the same time, the participants indicated that the head-mounted display–virtual reality experience provided improved realism and sense of presence. This study is a first step in understanding the impact of head-mounted display on children with autism spectrum disorder.
Surgical fixation of fractures of the distal radius within 2 weeks reduces postoperative finger stiffness
Authors: Ashdown Thomas , Morris James , Mckeon Sean , Clough Oliver T. , Little Max , Anakwe Raymond E. 
Published: July 2020

Locked anterior plating remains the most common form of surgical fixation for displaced fractures of the distal radius. We hypothesized that delayed surgical fixation later than 2 weeks after injury contributes to poorer patient outcomes for patients with displaced or intra-articular fractures of the distal radius. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 158 patients who underwent locked anterior plating for an intra-articular or displaced fracture of the distal radius using multiple regression analysis to identify any relationship between patient, injury or treatment factors with the patient-rated wrist and hand evaluation score or finger and wrist stiffness. There was no significant correlation between timing of surgery and functional scores. A delay in time to surgery of more than 2 weeks did correlate significantly with increased finger and thumb stiffness. However, this relationship was not seen for wrist stiffness. Our study supports the consensus that early recovery and function is facilitated by surgical fixation within 2 weeks and that delayed fixation beyond this may contribute to protracted finger stiffness. Level of evidence: IV
Value-based healthcare analysis of shoulder surgery for patients with symptomatic rotator cuff tears – Calculating the impact of arthroscopic cuff repair
Authors: Holzer-Fleming C , Tavakkolizadeh A , Sinha J , Casey J , Moxham J , Colegate-Stone Toby J 
Published: July 2020

Background Surgical repair of full-thickness rotator cuff tears in symptomatic patients is known to offer significant benefits. Despite this there remains a lack of universal appreciation that such surgery offers high clinical value, with some commissioners even limiting access to it. The value-based healthcare agenda provides a means to design, deliver and measure the impact of healthcare to a defined segment of patients. The aim of this study was to measure the value of surgically repairing primary symptomatic full-thickness rotator cuff tears when outcomes and costs were assessed over an entire care pathway. Methods A prospective study of patients undergoing rotator cuff tears repair was undertaken. Patients were managed using a standardised integrated care pathway. Subsequent outcomes and costs were measured over the whole care pathway. Outcomes were assessed from both traditional and patient centric re-formatted prisms. Results Significant improvement in clinical outcomes where recognised when assessed from either the traditional or re-formatted prisms. Economic review of this approach revealed the pathway generated a sustainable and notable positive margin. Discussion This study evidences how a well-designed value-based healthcare shoulder approach can be delivered and measured. It demonstrates rotator cuff surgery to be a high value treatment for patients with symptomatic rotator cuff tears.
Yield and clinical significance of genetic screening in elite and amateur athletes
Authors: Limongelli Giuseppe , Nunziato Marcella , D'Argenio Valeria , Esposito Maria V , Monda Emanuele , Mazzaccara Cristina , Caiazza Martina , D’Aponte Antonello , D’Andrea Antonello , Bossone Eduardo , Maggio Federica Di , Buono Pasqualina , Pica Paolo W , Capua Luca De , Penco Maria , Romano Silvio , Paolo Fernando Di , Pelliccia Antonio , Frisso Giulia , Salvatore Francesco 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsThe purpose of this study was to assess the value of genetic testing in addition to a comprehensive clinical evaluation, as part of the diagnostic work-up of elite and/or amateur Italian athletes referred for suspicion of inherited cardiac disease, following a pre-participation screening programme.MethodsBetween January 2009–December 2018, of 5892 consecutive participants, 61 athletes were investigated: 30 elite and 31 amateur athletes. Elite and amateur athletes were selected, on the basis of clinical suspicion for inherited cardiac disease, from two experienced centres for a comprehensive cardiovascular evaluation. Furthermore, the elite and amateur athletes were investigated for variants at DNA level up to 138 genes suspected to bear predisposition for possible cardiac arrest or even sudden cardiac death.ResultsOf these 61 selected subjects, six (10%) had diagnosis made possible by a deeper clinical evaluation, while genetic testing allowed a definite diagnosis in eight (13%). The presence of &gt;3 clinical markers (i.e. family history, electrocardiogram and/or echocardiographic abnormalities, exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias) was associated with a higher probability of positive genetic diagnosis (75%), compared with the presence of two or one clinical markers (14.2%, 8.1%, respectively, p-value = 0.004).ConclusionA combined clinical and genetic evaluation, based on the subtle evidence of clinical markers for inherited disease, was able to identify an inherited cardiac disease in about one-quarter of the examined athletes.
Endoscopy works during the pandemic of coronavirus COVID‐19: recommendations by the Chinese Society of Digestive Endoscopy
Authors: Chai Ningli , Mei Zhechuan , Zhang Wengang , Du Chen , Wang Xiangyao , Li Longsong , Ma Yan , Zou Jiale , Tang Xiaowei , Wang Nanjun , Feng Jiancong , Linghu Enqiang 
Published: July 2020

Since December 2019, a novel coronavirus disease, COVID‐19, has occurred in China and has spread around the world rapidly. As an acute respiratory infectious disease, COVID‐19 has been included in type B infectious diseases and managed according to the standard of type A infectious disease in China. Given the high risk of COVID‐19 infection during endoscopic procedures via an airborne route, the Chinese Society of Digestive Endoscopy issued a series of recommendations to guide the endoscopy works in China during the pandemic. To the best of our knowledge, no new infectious case of COVID‐19 resulting from endoscopic procedures has been reported in China to date. Here, these recommendations are integrated to provide guidance about the prevention of COVID‐19 for endoscopists. The recommendations include advice about postponing non‐urgent endoscopies, excluding the possibility of COVID‐19 in patients undergoing endoscopy, protection of medical staff from coronavirus infection, and cleaning of endoscopy centres.
Concussion Education in Children and Youth: A Scoping Review
Authors: Ramsay Scott , Dahinten Susan 
Published: July 2020

Introduction Sports-related concussions in children and youth are a significant health concern. There is increasing literature pertaining to levels of knowledge about concussion and the effects of educational interventions, but the literature has not yet been synthesized for the subpopulation of children and youth. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to identify and summarize the current state of the literature on concussion knowledge, and the effect of concussion education on the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of children and youth who engage in sports. Methods A scoping review was conducted, guided by Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Two databases, MEDLINE and CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), and reference lists were searched to identify relevant studies that focused on children and youth less than 19 years of age who engage in sports. We also searched Google Scholar for gray literature. Results Of the 21 articles that met inclusion criteria, 15 focused on levels of concussion knowledge, and 6 examined the effects of educational interventions. Children and youths’ level of knowledge and exposure to prior concussion education varied, although more of the studies found a lack of concussion knowledge. Educational interventions of various types have been associated with short-term increases in knowledge and intention to report, but few of the studies found sustained effects. Conclusions Findings highlight the need for improved concussion education for children and youth engaged in sports. Findings also indicate a need for further research using more rigorous methods, and studies that examine subgroup differences in knowledge and factors that may moderate the effects of educational interventions.