bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracking long‐distance migration of marine fishes using compound‐specific stable isotope analysis of amino acids
Authors: Matsubayashi Jun , Osada Yutaka , Tadokoro Kazuaki , Abe Yoshiyuki , Yamaguchi Atsushi , Shirai Kotaro , Honda Kentaro , Yoshikawa Chisato , Ogawa Nanako O. , Ohkouchi Naohiko , Ishikawa Naoto F. , Nagata Toshi , Miyamoto Hiroomi , Nishino Shigeto , Tayasu Ichiro 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe long‐distance migrations by marine fishes are difficult to track by field observation. Here, we propose a new method to track such migrations using stable nitrogen isotopic composition at the base of the food web (δ15NBase), which can be estimated by using compound‐specific isotope analysis. δ15NBase exclusively reflects the δ15N of nitrate in the ocean at a regional scale and is not affected by the trophic position of sampled organisms. In other words, δ15NBase allows for direct comparison of isotope ratios between proxy organisms of the isoscape and the target migratory animal. We initially constructed a δ15NBase isoscape in the northern North Pacific by bulk and compound‐specific isotope analyses of copepods (n = 360 and 24, respectively), and then we determined retrospective δ15NBase values of spawning chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) from their vertebral centra (10 sections from each of two salmon). We then estimated the migration routes of chum salmon during their skeletal growth by using a state‐space model. Our isotope tracking method successfully reproduced a known chum salmon migration route between the Okhotsk and Bering seas, and our findings suggest the presence of a new migration route to the Bering Sea Shelf during a later growth stage.
KCNN2 mutation in autosomal‐dominant tremulous myoclonus‐dystonia
Authors: Balint B. , Guerreiro R. , Carmona S. , Dehghani N. , Latorre A. , Cordivari C. , Bhatia K. P. , Bras J. 
Published: March 2020

Background and purposeDespite recent advances in neurogenetics that have facilitated the identification of a number of dystonia genes, many familial dystonia syndromes remain without known cause. The aim of the study was to identify the cause of autosomal dominant tremulous myoclonus‐dystonia in a UK kindred with affected individuals in three generations.MethodsKnown genetic causes of myoclonus‐dystonia were excluded. We combined clinical and electrophysiological phenotyping with whole‐exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing to identify candidate causal variants in a family with tremulous myoclonus‐dystonia.ResultsThe core phenotype consisted of childhood‐onset dystonia predominantly affecting hands and neck, with a fast tremor with superimposed myoclonus and, in some individuals, subtle cerebellar signs. We identified a novel missense variant in potassium calcium‐activated channel subfamily N member 2 (KCNN2) [NM_021614:c.1112G>A:p.(Gly371Glu)], which was the only variant that we were able to identify as segregating with the phenotype over three generations. This variant, which is absent from the most recent version of gnomAD, was predicted to be deleterious by SIFT and PolyPhen‐2 and had an overall CADD score of 29.7.ConclusionsKCNN2, a member of the KCNN family of potassium channel genes, is highly conserved across species and in humans is highly expressed in the brain, particularly the cerebellum. KCNN2 mutations have never been described as pathological in human disease, but are recognized abnormalities in two rodent models of fast, jerky tremor. Segregation, absence of the variant in the normal population and in‐silico prediction of a deleterious effect together with animal models compatible with the clinical phenotype are all in line with KCNN2 mutations being a plausible cause underlying myoclonus‐dystonia.
Identifying spawner biomass per‐recruit reference points from life‐history parameters
Authors: Zhou Shijie , Punt André E. , Lei Yeming , Deng Roy Aijun , Hoyle Simon D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAnalysis of spawning biomass per‐recruit has been widely adopted in fisheries management. Fishing mortality expressed as spawning potential ratio (SPR) often requires a reference point as an appropriate proxy for the fishing mortality that supports a maximum sustainable yield—FMSY. To date, a single generic level betweenF30%andF40%is routinely used. Using records from stock assessments in the RAM Legacy Database (RAMLD), we confirm that SPR at MSY (SPRMSY) is a declining function of stock productivity quantified byFMSY. We then use general linear models (GLM) and Bayesian errors‐in‐variables models (BEIVM) to show that SPRMSYcan be predicted from life‐history parameters (LHPs, including maximum lifespan, age‐ and length‐at‐maturation, growth parameters, natural mortality, and taxonomicClass) as well as gear selectivity. The calculated SPRMSYranges from about 13% to 95% with a mean of 47%. About 64% of the stocks in the RAMLD require SPRMSY > 40%. Modelling SPRMSYreveals that LHPs plusClassexplain 61% of the deviance in SPRMSY. Faster‐growing, low‐survival, and short‐lived species generally require a high SPR. With equal LHPs, elasmobranchs require about 20% higher SPRMSYthan teleosts. WhenFMSYis estimated from fisheries that harvest older fish, increasing the vulnerable age by one year leads to about an 8% increase in SPRMSY. The BEIVM yields smaller variance and bias than the GLM. The models developed in this study could be used to predict SPRMSYreference points for new stocks using the same LHPs for calculatingFx%, but without knowledge of the stock‐recruitment parameters.
Associations of combinations of housing tenure status and household structure with subjective happiness among community‐dwelling elderly people: A cross‐sectional study with stratified random sampling
Authors: Hidaka Tomoo , Endo Shota , Kasuga Hideaki , Masuishi Yusuke , Kakamu Takeyasu , Abe Koichi , Fukushima Tetsuhito 
Published: March 2020

AimSubjective happiness is an important marker of successful aging, and is associated with housing tenure status and household structure. However, the associations between subjective happiness and combinations of housing tenure status and household structure have not yet been clarified. Therefore, we examined which combinations of housing tenure status and household structure are associated with high or low subjective happiness among community‐dwelling elderly people.MethodsSubjects were enrolled by stratified random sampling, and comprised of 1602 elderly persons aged ≥65 years as of January 2017 in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. The subjects' data were collected via a self‐completed questionnaire (effective response rate: 53.4%), and the associations between subjective happiness and combinations of housing tenure status and household structure were analyzed by chi‐squared test and logistic regression analysis, controlling the confounding variables such as care support needs, subjective economic status and health status.ResultsThe subjects reported significantly decreased subjective happiness when they were a renter living alone (odds ratio [OR] = 0.427 and 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.249, 0.732) and with others (OR = 0.420 and 95% CI = 0.256, 0.687) after adjustment for confounding variables, compared with owner‐occupier living with others (referent).ConclusionsThe results of the current study revealed significantly decreased subjective happiness when the subjects were renters regardless of household structure. Therefore, housing tenure status may be a stronger determinant of subjective happiness among community‐dwelling elderly people than household structure. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; ••: ••–••.
mTOR signaling at the crossroads of environmental signals and T‐cell fate decisions
Authors: Huang Hongling , Long Lingyun , Zhou Peipei , Chapman Nicole M. , Chi Hongbo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) forms the distinct protein complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2 and integrates signals from the environment to coordinate downstream signaling events and various cellular processes. T cells rely on mTOR activity for their development and to establish their homeostasis and functional fitness. Here, we review recent progress in our understanding of the upstream signaling and downstream targets of mTOR. We also provide an updated overview of the roles of mTOR in T‐cell development, homeostasis, activation, and effector‐cell fate decisions, as well as its important impacts on the suppressive activity of regulatory T cells. Moreover, we summarize the emerging roles of mTOR in T‐cell exhaustion and transdifferentiation. A better understanding of the contribution of mTOR to T‐cell fate decisions will ultimately aid in the therapeutic targeting of mTOR in human disease.
Comparison of platelet‐rich plasma gel in the care of the pressure ulcers with the dressing with serum physiology in terms of healing process and dressing costs
Authors: Uçar Özge , Çelik Sevim 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis research was carried out with the aim of comparing the effects of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) gel and gas dressing with serum physiologic applied to stage II pressure ulcer in coccyx of patients for 2 months on healing process and dressing costs. This prospective randomised controlled experimental study was conducted with 60 patients hospitalised in the palliative care unit after surgery. The experimental group (n = 30) was dressed with platelet‐rich plasma gel. The control group (n = 30) was treated with serum physiologic dressing. At the end of the 20th observation of the patients in the experimental group, it was found that the mean scores of area, exudate, and tissue type in pressure sores decreased statistically (P < .001). In the control group, no significant difference was found between the mean PUSH score at the end of the 20th observation (P > .05). The study showed that PRP gel had a positive effect on healing of stage II pressure ulcers with platelet‐rich plasma gel dressings. In addition, when evaluated in the long term, it was concluded that platelet‐rich plasma gel is easily accessible and less costly than serum physiological dressing.
On Monopoly Price
Authors: Brennan Geoffrey , Buchanan James , Lee Dwight 
Published: March 2020

SUMMARYA fundamental proposition from elementary price theory is that monopoly profits are maximized at the price that equates the marginal revenue derived from the long‐run demand curve to the marginal cost of production. An equally well known proposition is that demand elasticities are greater in the long‐run than the short‐run. It is shown in the present paper that the former proposition is qualified in important ways when the latter proposition is incorporated into the analysis of the monopoly problem. In general, the monopoly profit maximizing price will be higher than the one derived from the conventional analysis. This will not be true in the special case of linear short and long‐run demand curves with an initial price that chokes off all demand. In this case the profit maximizing monopoly price will be identical to that obtained from the standard approach. As this suggests, and as we show, price history is an important consideration when choosing the profit maximizing price. The lower the price in the past the higher, in general, will be the price that maximizes the present value of future profits, and the greater this present value will be.
Alternative Decision‐Making Models for Housing: The Question of Efficiency
Authors: Nesslein Thomas S. 
Published: March 2020

SUMMARYThis paper examines the efficiency of housing resources allocation under alternative allocative mechanisms. The study focuses on three broadly defined decision‐making models: (1) the market model; (2) the central planning model; (3) the welfare state model. Particular attention is given the three fundamental components of economic organization; (1) the decision‐making structure; (2) the information structure; (3) the motivation structure. While this policy study makes use of the theory of market failure, the analysis departs from conventional practice by explicitly and consistently employing a comparative institution framework. That is, a theory of nonmarket failure is integrated into the analysis and policy prescriptions derived only after careful assessment of the imperfections of real world housing markets in comparison with the imperfections of real world nonmarket housing models. The essential conclusion drawn is that the domain of housing market failure is smaller than generally assumed and that the price mechanism is a vital component of a rationally functioning housing system.
‘The best day in my whole entire life’ – Young Children, Wellbeing and the Arts
Authors: Piscitelli Barbara 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFor more than 25 years, a large percentage of young Australian children has been involved in arts and cultural experiences, but very little systematic information has been gathered to understand what they gain from these encounters. This article investigates young children’s cultural engagement and wellbeing within a festival experience – as creators making work for an exhibition at the festival, and as consumers participating in theatre, dance and festival activities. The case study involved 105 children (64 girls and 41 boys, aged 7 years 11 months to 9 years 1 month) and used a mixed methods approach incorporating quantitative surveys, qualitative focus groups and participant observation. Though the surveys did not show any changes in children’s views of wellbeing before, during or after the festival, focus group conversations revealed almost unanimous perspectives of positive wellbeing after the festival. The findings indicate that children’s wellbeing is a complex phenomenon that may be best explored using composite standpoints of children, teachers, parents and artists for achieving a clearer understanding.
Synergistic antibacterial effect of nisin, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and sulfite on native microflora of fresh white shrimp during ice storage
Authors: Liang Zheng‐Rong , Hsiao Hsin‐I , Jhang Dong‐Jing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the effectiveness of using nisin, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and sulfite alone or in combination in reducing Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonella enterica, and Pseudomonas fluorescens in broth and native microflora on raw Pacific white shrimp during ice storage. Nisin (50 ppm), EDTA (20 mM), alone or in combination were used to test on the growth of V. parahaemolyticus, S. enterica, and P. fluorescens in broth. Nisin (50 ppm), EDTA (20 mM), sodium metabisulfite (1.25 and 0.625%), ice; alone or in combination were used on shrimps during 1°C storage for 10 days. Microbial and chemical changes were analyzed during shrimp storage. First, the combination of nisin and EDTA exhibited antibacterial effects against V. parahaemolyticus, S. enterica, and P. fluorescens in broth. Second, in shrimp preservation, the combination of nisin, EDTA, and sulfite at a low dose of 0.625% exhibited higher antimicrobial activity than did a high dose of sulfite (1.25%). Based on aerobic bacteria counts, psychrotrophic bacteria, and TVB‐N, shrimp treatment with combination of nisin, EDTA, and low‐dose sulfite were still acceptable within 10 days of storage. Based on our findings, nisin and EDTA can be used to reduce uses of sulfite for shrimp preservation in the future.
Modeling the inactivation of Bacillus cereus by infrared radiation in paprika powder (Capsicum annuum)
Authors: Shavandi Mahdi , Taghdir Maryam , Abbaszadeh Sepideh , Sepandi Mojtaba , Parastouei Karim 
Published: March 2020

AbstractInfrared (IR) irradiation, a novel technology for modeling of decontamination of Bacillus cereus in paprika powder was evaluated and the effect on temperature profiles and total phenolic content was determined. The highest reduction in B. cereus count (2.3 log CFU/g) was achieved after a holding time of 1 min at 200 W IR power and 5 cm distance. The rapid rise in temperature was observed in surface paprika powder and the highest temperature at 200 W IR power and 5 cm distance reaching to 127.8°C. An increase in IR power and a decrease in sample distance of the IR lamp caused a significant decrease in the total phenolic content. The Double Weibull model closely predicted the inactivation of B. cereus in paprika powder by IR irradiation.
Relationship of Age With the Hemodynamic Parameters in Individuals With Elevated Blood Pressure
Authors: Mahajan Shiwani , Gu Jianlei , Caraballo Cesar , Lu Yuan , Spatz Erica S. , Zhao Hongyu , Zhang MaoZhen , Sun NingLing , Zheng Xin , Lu Hui , Yuan Hong , Ma Zheng J. , Krumholz Harlan M. 
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUNDAge is known to be associated with the prevalence and pathophysiology of hypertension. However, there is little information on whether age stands as a good proxy for the specific hemodynamic profile of an individual with elevated blood pressure (BP), which could be important in the selection of therapy.DESIGNThis is a cross‐sectional study.SETTINGPeople who underwent a noninvasive, hemodynamic assessment using impedance cardiography at 51 sites of iKang Health Checkup Centers throughout China between January 2012 and October 2018.PARTICIPANTSWe included 116,851 individuals, aged 20 to 80 years.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESRelationship between age and hemodynamic parameters (cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance index [SVRI]), among individuals with elevated BP (systolic BP ≥130 mm Hg or diastolic BP ≥80 mm Hg).RESULTSFinal study population included 45,082 individuals with elevated BP: 29,194 men and 15,888 women with a mean (±SD) age of 48 (±13) and 54 (±12) years, respectively. Cardiac index was negatively associated with age with an adjusted, per decade decrease of 0.17 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.17‐0.18) L/min/m2 in men and 0.24 (95% CI = 0.23‐0.25) L/min/m2 in women. SVRI was positively associated with age with an adjusted, per‐decade increase of 174.2 (95% CI = 168.8‐179.7) dynes·s·cm−5·m2 in men and 214.1 (95% CI = 204.3‐223.8) dynes·s·cm−5·m2 in women. However, there was substantial overlap in the distribution of these parameters across different age groups in both sexes.CONCLUSIONSIn this large study, we observed that cardiac index decreased and SVRI increased with age among individuals with elevated BP. Even though there was a general trend with age, we observed heterogeneity within age strata, suggesting that age alone is inadequate to indicate the hemodynamic profile for an individual. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1520‐1528, 2020.
Workplace Violence Is Associated With Impaired Work Functioning in Nurses: An Italian Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Magnavita Nicola , Heponiemi Tarja , Chirico Francesco 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveWorkplace violence against nurses is a widespread phenomenon that has been associated with many unfavorable individual and organizational outcomes. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between violence and work functioning in a sample of Italian nurses.DesignCross‐sectional, with retrospective analysis of exposure.MethodsAll nurses from a local hospital were invited to complete a questionnaire assessing violent experiences that occurred in the previous 12 months. The questionnaire also measured job strain (with the Demand‐Control‐Support questionnaire), organizational justice (with Colquitt’s Questionnaire), and work impairment (with the Nurses Work Functioning Questionnaire). The associations were examined with logistic regression analyses.FindingsOf the 302 nurses who were invited, 275 (91.1%) agreed to participate. The total work impairment score was significantly higher among the nurses exposed to violence compared with the nonexposed nurses (42.2 ± 27.8 vs. 31.9 ± 31.6, respectively; p < .001). Exposed nurses also reported significantly higher levels of job strain (0.96 ± 0.25 vs. 0.8 ± 0.21; p = .003) and lower levels of perceived organizational justice (56.6 ± 12.6 vs. 62.5 ± 14.8; p = .001) than nonexposed nurses. Nurses who had experienced violence had a significantly higher risk for impairment of work functioning than their colleagues (crude odds ratio [OR] = 2.33; 95% confidence interval [CI 95%] = 1.42–3.83). The association between violence and impairment remained significant after adjusting for demographic variables, occupational stress, and perceived organizational justice (OR = 1.83; 95% CI 95% = 1.06–3.17).ConclusionsWorkplace violence is associated with impaired work function in nurses. Job strain and perceived organizational injustice are associated with impairment.Clinical RelevanceViolence prevention programs in healthcare activities should include training for violent behavior identification and de‐escalation techniques, structural and administrative measures for violence control (such as alarms, surveillance, staff increase), and measures to reduce occupational stress, which can include wellness courses, spirituality, organizational improvements, and staffing methodologies.
CHANGING NURSING CARE TIME AS AN EFFECT OF CHANGED CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DIALYSIS POPULATION
Authors: de Kleijn Ria , Uyl‐de Groot Carin , Hagen Chris , Franssen Casper , Schraa Jeanette , Pasker‐de Jong Pieternel , ter Wee Piet 
Published: March 2020

SUMMARYBackgroundThe population of dialysis patients is ageing. Dialysis nurses are confronted with geriatric patients with multiple comorbidities. Nurses are confronted with an increasing burden of care.ObjectivesThe present study focused on the question of whether, over time, the increasing age and comorbidities of the haemodialysis population increased nursing care time. Furthermore, we studied potential changes in the predictors of the required nursing time.DesignObservational study.ParticipantsA total of 980 dialysis patients from 12 dialysis centres were included.MeasurementsNurses filled out the classification tool for each patient and completed a form for reporting patient characteristics for groups of relevant haemodialysis patients at baseline and after 1 and four years. Changes in patient and dialysis characteristics were analysed, as well as the estimated nursing care time needed.ResultsAn increase in the nursing time needed for dialysis was largely due to decreased mobility, closing of the vascular access and a greater need for psychosocial attention and was most strongly present in incident dialysis patients. The time needed for dialysis decreased as patient participation increased and vascular access changed from catheters to fistulae. Over the four‐year period, the average overall needed nursing care time per haemodialysis session did not change.ConclusionsOur study shows that the average nursing time needed per patient did not change in the four‐year observation period. However, more time is required for incident patients; thus, if a centre has high patient turnover, more nursing care time is needed.
Use of Robotic‐Arm Assisted Technique in Complex Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Chai Wei , Guo Ren‐wen , Puah Ken Lee , Jerabek Seth , Chen Ji‐ying , Tang Pei‐fu 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundThere is a lack of data concerning the use of robotic devices in more complex total hip arthroplasty (THA) cases, such as hip dysplasia, ankylosing spondylolysis, and post‐traumatic arthritis.Case PresentationThis case study presented three cases in which the Mako robotic device was used to help accurately implement the surgical plan. The operations went smoothly. The position and angle of the acetabular shells were placed as planned without any complications related to the operation. Postoperative Harris Hip Scores were good in two patients and poor in the patient with ankylosing spondylitis. Robotic‐arm assisted surgery may be considered for complex THA cases in order to optimize the accuracy of the reconstruction, especially in the absence of conventional boney landmarks.