bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apparent Liquid Permeability in Mixed-Wet Shale Permeable Media
Authors: Fan Dian , Ettehadtavakkol Amin , Wang Wendong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractApparent liquid permeability (ALP) in ultra-confined permeable media is primarily governed by the pore confinement and fluid–rock interactions. A new ALP model is required to predict the interactive effect of the above two on the flow in mixed-wet, heterogeneous nanoporous media. This study derives an ALP model and integrates the compiled results from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and mercury injection capillary pressure. The ALP model assumes viscous forces, capillary forces, and liquid slippage in tortuous, rough pore throats. Predictions of the slippage of water and octane are validated against MD data reported in the literature. In up-scaling the proposed liquid transport model to the representative-elementary-volume scale, we integrate the geological fractals of the shale rock samples including their pore size distribution, pore throat tortuosity, and pore-surface roughness. Sensitivity results for the ALP indicate that when the pore size is below 100 nm pore confinement allows oil to slip in both hydrophobic and hydrophilic pores, yet it also restricts the ALP due to the restricted intrinsic permeability. The ALP reduces to the well-established Carman–Kozeny equation for no-slip viscous flow in a bundle of capillaries, which reveals a distinguishable liquid flow behavior in shales versus conventional rocks. Compared to the Klinkenberg equation, the proposed ALP model reveals an important insight into the similarities and differences between liquid versus gas flow in shales.
Erratum zu: „Webcam child sexual abuse“. Eine neue Facette der Begutachtung von Internetsexualdelinquenz
Authors: de Tribolet-Hardy Fanny , Hill Andreas , Habermeyer Elmar 
Published: August 2020

Der Artikel „Webcam child sexual abuse“. Eine neue Facette der Begutachtung von Internetsexualdelinquenz von Fanny de Tribolet-Hardy, Andreas Hill und Elmar Habermeyer wurde ursprünglich am 2. Juli 2020 ohne „Open Access“ online auf der Internetplattform des Verlags publiziert. Die Autoren haben …
Use of Imaging to Optimise Prostate Cancer Tumour Volume Assessment for Focal Therapy Planning
Authors: Eldred-Evans David , Tam Henry , Smith Andrew P. T. , Winkler Mathias , Ahmed Hashim U. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Rapid advances in imaging of the prostate have facilitated the development of focal therapy and provided a non-invasive method of estimating tumour volume. Focal therapy relies on an accurate estimate of tumour volume for patient selection and treatment planning so that the optimal energy dose can be delivered to the target area(s) of the prostate while minimising toxicity to surrounding structures. This review provides an overview of different imaging modalities which may be used to optimise tumour volume assessment and critically evaluates the published evidence for each modality.

Recent Findings
Multi-parametric MRI (mp-MRI) has become the standard tool for patient selection and guiding focal therapy treatment. The current evidence suggests that mp-MRI may underestimate tumour volume, although there is a large variability in results. There remain significant methodological challenges associated with pathological processing and accurate co-registration of histopathological data with mp-MRI. Advances in different ultrasound modalities are showing promise but there has been limited research into tumour volume estimation. The role of PSMA PET/CT is still evolving and further investigation is needed to establish if this is a viable technique for prostate tumour volumetric assessment.

Summary
mp-MRI provides the necessary tumour volume information required for selecting patients and guiding focal therapy treatment. The potential for underestimation of tumour volume should be taken into account and an additional margin applied to ensure adequate treatment coverage. At present, there are no other viable image-based alternatives although advances in new technologies may refine volume estimations in the future.
First experimental evidence of hop fibres in historical textiles
Authors: Skoglund Git , Holst Bodil , Lukešová Hana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHop (Humulus lupulus) has been used in Scandinavia since at least the ninth century AD, as documented through archaeological findings and written, historical records. The written records are mainly focused on the use of cone-shaped flowers for beer brewing and medical purposes, but there are also records, for example, from the famous Swedish botanist Carl von Linne, who mentions the use of hop fibres for textile production. However, until now no experimental investigations have been published on the use of hop fibres in cultural heritage objects. A major reason for this has been the lack of a suitable characterization method. Hop is a bast fibre, just as flax and hemp and bast fibres cannot be distinguished from each other by simple optical inspection. Recently a new identification method for hop fibres was published by the authors of this article. Here we apply the new method in an investigation of two Swedish cultural heritage objects: (i) a woman’s garment from the nineteenth century, which was labelled as having an upper section made from coarse linen and a bottom section made of hemp and hop and (ii) a textile fragment from an eighteenth-century textile sample book, which was labelled as being made from hop. We show that the woman’s garment is made with hop and hemp fibres and the textile fragment from the textile sample book is made with hop. Our work provides the first direct proof that hop fibres were used for textiles in the past.
Significant taxon sampling gaps in DNA databases limit the operational use of marine macrofauna metabarcoding
Authors: Hestetun Jon Thomassen , Bye-Ingebrigtsen Einar , Nilsson R. Henrik , Glover Adrian G. , Johansen Per-Otto , Dahlgren Thomas G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSignificant effort is spent on monitoring of benthic ecosystems through government funding or indirectly as a cost of business, and metabarcoding of environmental DNA samples has been suggested as a possible complement or alternative to current morphological methods to assess biodiversity. In metabarcoding, a public sequence database is typically used to match barcodes to species identity, but these databases are naturally incomplete. The North Sea oil and gas industry conducts large-scale environmental monitoring programs in one of the most heavily sampled marine areas worldwide and could therefore be considered a “best-case scenario” for macrofaunal metabarcoding. As a test case, we investigated the database coverage of two common metabarcoding markers, mitochondrial COI and the ribosomal rRNA 18S gene, for a complete list of 1802 macrofauna taxa reported from the North Sea monitoring region IV. For COI, species level barcode coverage was 50.4% in GenBank and 42.4% for public sequences in BOLD. For 18S, species level coverage was 36.4% in GenBank and 27.1% in SILVA. To see whether rare species were underrepresented, we investigated the most commonly reported species as a separate dataset but found only minor coverage increases. We conclude that compared to global figures, barcode coverage is high for this area, but that a significant effort remains to fill barcode databases to levels that would make metabarcoding operational as a taxonomic tool, including for the most common macrofaunal taxa.
Learning from failure: how eliminating required attendance sparked the beginning of a&nbsp;medical school transformation
Authors: Lamb Sara , Chow Candace , Lindsley Janet , Stevenson Adam , Roussel Danielle , Shaffer Kerri , Samuelson Wayne 
Published: August 2020

Concern about medical student attendance has been rising over the last decade. Thinking a required attendance policy would fix things, we instituted such a mandate in 2010 only to find that although students were present at lecture and other learning sessions they were disengaged. In addition, we experienced growing distrust between faculty and students and tensions between the Student Affairs and Curriculum offices. After five years, we dismantled the policy in favor of encouraged attendance. We discuss both positive and negative surprising consequences that followed this new approach to attendance which has reshaped our vision for the medical school learning experience. It has been transformative and has afforded us the opportunity to redefine our results in accord with the culture in which we aspire to live and work.
Examining Cesarean Delivery Rates by Race: a Population-Based Analysis Using the Robson Ten-Group Classification System
Authors: Valdes Elise G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Robson Ten-Group Classification System is widely considered to be the gold standard for comparing cesarean section (CS) delivery rates, despite limited adoption in the United States (US). When reporting overall CS rates, Blacks and other minorities are typically reported to have high CS rates but comparing overall CS rates may be misleading as CS may be more common in some higher risk populations. Improved understanding of how CS rates differ by race among standardized groups could highlight differences in care and areas for improvement. The current study examines racial differences in cesarean section delivery rates using the Robson Ten-Group Classification System in a nationwide sample. Data from US vital statistics live birth certificates were used to identify 3,906,088 births which were each classified into one of the ten groups based on five obstetric characteristics identifiable on presentation for delivery including parity, onset of labor, gestational age, fetal presentation, and number of fetuses. Results indicated that Black and Asian mothers had the highest CS rates in groups 1–4 which all contain single, cephalic pregnancies at term with no prior CS and are only differentiated by parity and onset of labor. Black mothers also had the lowest CS rates for groups 6 and 7, containing women with nulliparous and multiparous breech births. Black and Asian mothers show differences in CS rates among groups that could indicate lack of appropriate care. Efforts should be made to prevent unnecessary primary CS among low-risk mothers.
Correction to: Density and thermal expansion coefficients of liquid and austenite phase in lamellar cast iron
Authors: Hellström Kristina , Diaconu Vasile-Lucian , Diószegi Attila 
Published: August 2020

The article “Density and thermal expansion coefficients of liquid and austenite phase in lamellar cast iron”, written by Kristina Hellström, Vasile-Lucian Diaconu, Attila Diószegi, was originally published Online First without Open Access. After publication in volume 17, issue 2, page 127–136, the author decided to opt for Open Choice and to make the article an Open Access publication. Therefore, the copyright of the article has been changed to © The Author(s) [2020] and the article is forthwith distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.The original version of this article was revised due to a retrospective Open Access order.
Development of an actuated corrugated laminate for morphing structures
Authors: Airoldi A. , Rigamonti D. , Sala G. , Bettini P. , Villa E. , Nespoli A. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the design, manufacturing and experimental assessment of a morphing element consisting of a composite corrugated panel that hosts a diffused actuation system based on Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) actuators. The characterisation of the SMA actuators is reported and the system performance is predicted through an analytical model and finite element analyses. Two versions of the actuated system are proposed, with different methods for the physical integration of the SMA wires into the composite part. Manufacturing and testing of specimens with different wire densities are reported. Correlation with experiments validates the analytical and numerical approaches adopted for the design and analyses. The results confirm the potential of the concept proposed for developing corrugated panels that can be contracted in a predefined direction by a load-bearing actuation system, but still retain high stiffness and strength properties in other directions.
Effect of chordwise deformation on propulsive performance of flapping wings in forward flight
Authors: Lin T. , Xia W. , Hu S. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTLack of flexibility limits the performance enhancement of man-made flapping wing Micro Air Vehicles (MAVs). Active chordwise deformation (bending) is introduced into the flapping wing model at low Reynolds number of Re = 200 in the present study. The lattice Boltzmann method with immersed boundary is adopted in the numerical simulation. The effects of the bending amplitude, bending frequency and phase lag between bending and flapping on the propulsive performance are analysed. The numerical results show that all the chordwise deformation parameters including the bending amplitude, bending frequency and phase lag have a great influence on the flow field, Leading-Edge Vortex (LEV), Trailing-Edge Vortex (TEV) and previous Leading-Edge Vortex (pLEV) of the deformable flapping wing, which leads to the variation of the propulsive performance. With decreasing bending amplitude and increasing bending frequency, both the thrust and energy dissipation coefficients increase. The highest thrust coefficient and highest energy dissipation coefficient occur at a phase lag of 180°. On the other hand, strong dependence of the propulsive efficiency on the vortex tangle is found. The highest propulsive efficiency is obtained for the present model at a dimensionless bending amplitude of 0.2, bending frequency of 0.7Hz, and phase lag of 0°.
Cyclopentadithiophene polymers synthesised via Suzuki-Miyaura polymerisation of MIDA boronate esters
Authors: Ayuso-Carrillo Josue 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCyclopentadithiophene (CPDT), a Csp3-bridged bithiophene heteroaromatic unit, displays interesting properties when it is embedded in the repeating units of π-conjugated polymers, and they are applied in organic electronics devices. Common synthetic routes to CPDT-derived polymers rely on toxic methodologies whilst alternative non-toxic strategies such as the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction have been less studied. In this report we demonstrate that the use of a N-methyliminodiacetic acid (MIDA) boronate ester-derived CPDT monomer allows the efficient formation of poly(cyclopentadithiophene) homopolymer under Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction conditions. Thus, the use of MIDA boronate esters might be extended to other organic units to design and construct a plethora of π-conjugated polymers.
The burden of gastroenteritis outbreaks in long-term care settings in Philadelphia, 2009–2018
Authors: Kang Hansol , Khachadourian Yvette , Perella Dana , Peritz Tiina M. , Feemster Kristen A. , Coffin Susan E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjective:Gastroenteritis causes significant morbidity and mortality in long-term care facility (LTCF) residents, a growing population within the United States. We set out to better understand gastroenteritis outbreaks in LTCF by identifying outbreak and facility characteristics associated with outbreak incidence as well as outbreak duration and size.Design:We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study on LTCFs in Philadelphia County from 2009 to 2018. Outbreak characteristics and interventions were extracted from Philadelphia Department of Public Health (PDPH) database and quality data on all LTCFs was extracted from Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Nursing Home Compare database.Results:We identified 121 gastroenteritis outbreaks in 49 facilities. Numbers of affected patients ranged from 2 to 211 patients (median patient illness rate, 17%). Staff were reported ill in 94 outbreaks (median staff illness rate, 5%). Outbreak facilities were associated with higher occupancy rates (91% vs 88%; P = .033) and total bed numbers (176 vs 122; P = .071) compared to nonoutbreak facilities. Higher rates of staff illness were associated with prolonged outbreaks (13% vs 4%; P < .001) and higher patient illness rates (9% vs 4%; P = .012). Prolonged outbreaks were associated with lower frequency of cohorting for outbreak management (13% vs 41%; P = .046).Conclusion:This study is the largest published analysis of gastroenteritis outbreaks in LTCFs. Facility characteristics and staff disease activity were associated with more severe outbreaks. Heightened surveillance for gastrointestinal symptoms among staff and increased use of cohorting might reduce the risk of prolonged gastroenteritis outbreaks in LTCF.
Association of organic food consumption with obesity in a nationally representative sample
Authors: Gosling Corentin J. , Goncalves Aurélie , Ehrminger Mickaël , Valliant Richard 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe increased prevalence and adverse health consequences of obesity have made it one of the leading public health issues in recent years. Importantly, several epidemiological studies have revealed significant associations between BMI and organic food consumption. However, although these studies have suggested that this factor holds promise to prevent obesity, they all suffer from methodological limitations, including self-reporting methods to assess BMI, not controlling for potential confounding factors or using a non-representative sample. Moreover, all were restricted to an adult sample. We present the results of a cross-sectional epidemiological study assessing the association of organic food consumption with BMI and obesity in a representative lifespan French sample (INCA3 study). Objective methods were used to measure BMI, and several potentially confounding variables were controlled for. In total, 1775 children and adolescents and 2121 adults underwent anthropometric measurements and completed questionnaires concerning their dietary habits and lifestyle. Unadjusted models systematically revealed negative associations between organic food consumption and both BMI and obesity across all age groups. These associations tended to remain statistically significant even after controlling for several confounding variables concerning socio-economic status, quality of the diet and physical activity. The effect sizes were, however, small. These data confirm the association between organic food consumption and obesity during both childhood and adulthood. Evidence from randomised controlled trials is required to investigate causality between organic food consumption and lower BMI or obesity rate.
Influence of n-3 fatty acid supplementation on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tosatti Jéssica A. G. , Alves Michelle T. , Cândido Ana L. , Reis Fernando M. , Araújo Vânia E. , Gomes Karina B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is defined as a reproductive endocrine disease that results in a low-grade inflammatory and pro-oxidant state. Dietary factors, including n-3 fatty acids, may have a key role in improving metabolic disorders in PCOS patients. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of n-3 fatty acid supplementation on inflammatory and oxidative stress (OS) markers in patients with PCOS. A systematic literature search of Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus and Lilacs, until November 2019, was conducted. Randomised clinical trials that reported inflammatory and OS markers as endpoints in women with PCOS receiving n-3 fatty acid supplementation were included. The pooled estimates of the weighted mean differences (WMD) and the standard mean differences (SMD) were calculated. Random effects models were adopted to measure the pooled outcomes. Among the 323 studies retrieved, ten fulfilled the inclusion criteria for a meta-analysis. We founded a significant decrease in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (SMD –0·29 (95 % CI –0·56, –0·02) mg/l) and an increase in adiponectin (WMD 1·42 (95 % CI 1·09, 1·76) ng/ml) concentrations in the intervention group when compared with the placebo group. No statistically significant results were found in the meta-analysis for visfatin, nitric oxide, GSH or malondialdehyde levels or total antioxidant capacity. The data suggest that supplementation of n-3 fatty acids could reduce the inflammatory state in women with PCOS, through a decrease in hs-CRP and an increase in adiponectin levels.
Female Empowerment and the Politics of Language: Evidence Using Gender-Neutral Amendments to Subnational Constitutions
Authors: Newman Benjamin J. , DeMora Stephanie L. , Reny Tyler T. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis letter explores language politics as it concerns gender, and investigates the adoption of amendments that introduce gender-neutral language to subnational constitutions via popular initiative. Embracing theories of female empowerment based on resource acquisition and shrinking gender differentials in economic resources, the authors argue that popular support for these initiatives will be higher in contexts where female and male incomes are closer to parity. The study tests this expectation using city-level historical administrative data in California on Proposition 11 in 1974 – the first American state to hold a popular vote on amending its constitution to include only gender-neutral language. It finds that greater parity in income between women and men is associated with greater voter support for the initiative. This result holds after controlling for conceivable confounders, fails to emerge when analyzing gender-irrelevant ballot measures, and replicates when analyzing similar measures held in three jurisdictions in other states.
VARIANTS OF ANDO–HIAI TYPE INEQUALITIES FOR DEFORMED MEANS AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: KIAN MOHSEN , MOSLEHIAN MOHAMMAD SAL , SEO YUKI 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFor an n-tuple of positive invertible operators on a Hilbert space, we present some variants of Ando–Hiai type inequalities for deformed means from an n-variable operator mean by an operator mean, which is related to the information monotonicity of a certain unital positive linear map. As an application, we investigate the monotonicity of the power mean from the deformed mean in terms of the generalized Kantorovich constants under the operator order. Moreover, we improve the norm inequality for the operator power means related to the Log-Euclidean mean in terms of the Specht ratio.