bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment approaches in immunosuppressed patients with advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Willenbrink T.J. , Jambusaria‐Pahlajani A. , Arron S. , Seckin D. , Harwood C.A. , Proby C.M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractImmunosuppression, both iatrogenic and disease‐related, is associated with a greatly increased incidence of cutaneous SCC (cSCC) and with aggressive cSCC and worse disease outcomes. Consequently, rapid access to skin cancer services and prudent surgical choices, such as circumferential margin assessment, is essential when treating advanced cSCC in an immunosuppressed patient. For high‐risk cancers and control of cSCC multiplicity, additional strategies should be actively considered within the multidisciplinary clinical care team. These include minimization or revision of immunosuppressive medications, systemic chemoprevention (including retinoids, nicotinamide, capecitabine) and adjuvant therapies such as radiotherapy. Unfortunately, there is a relative paucity of good evidence for many of these treatments in the immunosuppressed. Systemic treatments for metastatic cSCC are often contraindicated in organ transplant recipients, notably checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy. There are also toxicity concerns with some conventional chemotherapies and EGFR inhibitors. Until recently, clinical trials have largely excluded immunosuppressed individuals. Development of more effective treatment for advanced cSCC in this high‐risk group and prospective clinical trials are now research priorities.
Histological classification of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas with different severity
Authors: Schmitz L. , Kanitakis J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common non‐melanoma skin cancer. Histology represents the gold standard to confirm the diagnosis of cSCC and is mandatory to determine important findings for tumour grading, such as tumour thickness, depth of invasion, degree of differentiation and histological subtype, perineural and vascular invasion, and assessing tumour margins. In daily clinical practice, the combination of clinical and histological features should be considered when grading the tumours and treating the patients, accordingly. This article aims to provide a structured overview of the most common histological findings of in situ and invasive cSCCs, namely those relevant to their severity, and should facilitate the understanding and evaluation of these results.
Lectin receptor kinase OsLecRK‐S.7 is required for pollen development and male fertility
Authors: Peng Xiaoqun , Wang Menglong , Li Yiqi , Yan Wei , Chang Zhenyi , Chen Zhufeng , Xu Chunjue , Yang Chengwei , Deng Xing Wang , Wu Jianxin , Tang Xiaoyan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPollen grains are covered by exine that protects the pollen from stress and facilitates pollination. Here we isolated a male sterile mutant s13283 in rice exhibiting aborted pollen with abnormal exine and defective aperture. The mutant gene encodes a novel plasma membrane‐localized legume‐lectin receptor kinase that we named OsLecRK‐S.7. OsLecRK‐S.7 was expressed at different levels in all tested tissues and throughout anther development. In vitro kinase assay showed OsLecRK‐S.7 capable of autophosporylation. Mutation in s13283 (E560K) and mutation of the conserved ATP binding site (K418E) both knocked out the kinase activity. Mass spectrometry showed Thr376, Ser378, Thr386, Thr403, and Thr657 to be the autophosphorylation sites. Mutation of individual autophosphorylation site affected the in vitro kinase activity to different degrees, but did not abolish the gene function in fertility complementation. oslecrk‐s.7 mutant plant overexpressing OsLecRK‐S.7 recovered male fertility but showed severe growth retardation with reduced number of tillers, and these phenotypes were abolished by E560K or K418E mutation. The results indicated that OsLecRK‐S.7 was a key regulator of pollen development.
The effects of physical activity or sport‐based interventions on psychological factors in adults with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review
Authors: Bondár R. Z. , di Fronso S. , Bortoli L. , Robazza C. , Metsios G. S. , Bertollo M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundInactivity is a major factor contributing to adverse health in people with intellectual disabilities (IDs). While it is generally agreed that physical activity (PA)/sport‐based interventions promote cognitive and social development in the general population, little is known about their specific benefits in adults with ID. The aims of this systematic review were (a) to examine the effects of PA/sport‐based interventions on intention, motivation and attitude regarding PA/sport participation in adults with ID and (b) to investigate the influence of these psychological factors on behavioural change (e.g. PA level) and quality of life.MethodsA systematic review has been conducted searching four electronic databases (i.e. SCOPUS, Web of Science, PubMed and Cochrane Library). Studies were included if written in English, peer reviewed, had primary research data, and measured intention, motivation, attitude, behavioural outcomes or quality of life.ResultsThirteen articles met our inclusion criteria of which 10 explored the effects of PA/sport as part of a multi‐component intervention. Most investigated outcomes were exercise self‐efficacy and quality of life. Five studies measured exercise self‐efficacy, and four of them found significant changes. One study found a significant improvement in quality of life and another study in life satisfaction. We observed lack of sport‐based interventions, few data about people with severe ID and limited psychological measures.ConclusionsPersonal and environmental factors are key components of behavioural change. Support of caregivers and individualised instructions may benefit exercise self‐efficacy. There is lack of information about the effects of psychological factors on behavioural change and quality of life in adults with ID.
Who to Blame and How to Solve It: Mothers' Perceptions of Work–Family Conflict Across Western Policy Regimes
Authors: Collins Caitlyn 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study compares mothers' perceptions of work–family conflict in four countries that exemplify different work–family policy approaches: Sweden, Germany, Italy, and the United States.BackgroundScholars have examined the impact of culture and work–family policy on mothers cross‐nationally, primarily using quantitative methods. Thus, sociologists have a good understanding of both work–family policy structures and outcomes, but the intervening processes that play out in working mothers' daily lives are not well understood.MethodThis article begins to fill this gap, drawing on interviews with 109 middle‐class employed mothers in Stockholm, Berlin, Rome, and Washington, D.C. The author investigates how work–family conflict is mitigated—or not—in countries with policies that reflect different ideals of motherhood, employment, and gender equality.ResultsInterviews reveal confirming evidence of cross‐national variation in mothers' levels or perceived scope of conflict. Mothers also (a) attribute blame for their work–family conflict to different sources and (b) employ different solutions to resolve it.ConclusionWork–family conflict is not an inevitable feature of contemporary life. Rather, it is the product of public policies and cultural attitudes that shape women's desires, expectations, and behaviors regarding work and family. Elucidating the processes of perception, attribution, and resolution is crucial to understand the political and cultural conditions that facilitate the combination of motherhood and employment.
Language and (in)securitization: Observations from educational research and practice in conflict‐affected contexts
Authors: Zakharia Zeena 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSpurred in part by violent conflict and natural disaster, the surge in global migration calls for renewed attention to the central role of language in everyday (in)securitization. In this brief response, I draw on my work in the Middle East and among Arabic‐speaking populations in the United States to offer some illustration of the instantiation of global, macro‐processes of (in)securitization and surveillance in the everyday micro‐practices of schooling—issues that are possible to “see” when language policy is the site of inquiry. In centring everyday communicative practice, sociolinguistics provides a distinctive entry point for examining the lived experience of this (in)securitization, by illuminating pervasive and mundane micro‐processes within the “extraordinary” and routinized social interactions of everyday schooling.
Critical evaluation of animal models of visceral pain for therapeutics development: A focus on irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Johnson Anthony C. , Farmer Adam D. , Ness Timothy J. , Greenwood‐Van Meerveld Beverley 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe classification of chronic visceral pain is complex, resulting from persistent inflammation, vascular (ischemic) mechanisms, cancer, obstruction or distension, traction or compression, and combined mechanisms, as well as unexplained functional mechanisms. Despite the prevalence, treatment options for chronic visceral pain are limited. Given this unmet clinical need, the development of novel analgesic agents, with defined targets derived from preclinical studies, is urgently needed. While various animal models have played an important role in our understanding of visceral pain, our knowledge is far from complete. Due to the complexity of visceral pain, this document will focus on chronic abdominal pain, which is the major complaint in patients with disorders of the gut‐brain interaction, also referred to as functional gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Models for IBS are faced with challenges including a complex clinical phenotype, which is comorbid with other conditions including anxiety, depression, painful bladder syndrome, and chronic pelvic pain. Based upon the multifactorial nature of IBS with complicated interactions between biological, psychological, and sociological variables, no single experimental model recapitulates all the symptoms of IBS. This position paper will contextualize chronic visceral pain using the example of IBS and focus on its pathophysiology while providing a critical review of current animal models that are most relevant, robust, and reliable in which to screen promising therapeutics to alleviate visceral pain and delineate the gaps and challenges with these models. We will also highlight, prioritize, and come to a consensus on the models with the highest face/construct validity.
Respect for persons and the moral force of socially constructed norms
Authors: Valentini Laura 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWhen and why do socially constructed norms—including the laws of the land, norms of etiquette, and informal customs—generate moral obligations? I argue that the answer lies in the duty to respect others, specifically to give them what I call “agency respect.” This is the kind of respect that people are owed in light of how they exercise their agency. My central thesis is this: To the extent that (i) existing norms are underpinned by people's commitments as agents and (ii) they do not conflict with morality, they place moral demands on us on agency‐respect grounds. This view of the moral force of socially constructed norms, I suggest, is superior to views that deny the moral force of such norms, and it elegantly explains certain instances of wrongdoing that would otherwise remain unaccounted for.
On the importance of root traits in seedlings of tropical tree species
Authors: Boonman Coline C. F. , van Langevelde Frank , Oliveras Imma , Couédon Jeremy , Luijken Natascha , Martini David , Veenendaal Elmar M. 
Published: December 2019

Summary

Plant biomass allocation may be optimized to acquire and conserve resources. How trade‐offs in the allocation of tropical tree seedlings depend on different stressors remains poorly understood. Here we test whether above‐ and below‐ground traits of tropical tree seedlings could explain observed occurrence along gradients of resources (light, water) and defoliation (fire, herbivory).

We grew 24 tree species occurring in five African vegetation types, varying from dry savanna to moist forest, in a glasshouse for 6 months, and measured traits associated with biomass allocation.

Classification based on above‐ground traits resulted in clusters representing savanna and forest species, with low and high shoot investment, respectively. Classification based on root traits resulted in four clusters representing dry savanna, humid savanna, dry forest and moist forest, characterized by a deep mean rooting depth, root starch investment, high specific root length in deeper soil layers, and high specific root length in the top soil layer, respectively.

In conclusion, tree seedlings in this study show root trait syndromes, which vary along gradients of resources and defoliation: seedlings from dry areas invest in deep roots, seedlings from shaded environments optimize shoot investment, and seedlings experiencing frequent defoliation store resources in the roots.
A comparison of the Trojan Y Chromosome strategy to harvesting models for eradication of nonnative species
Authors: Lyu Jingjing , Schofield Pamela J. , Reaver Kristen M. , Beauregard Matthew , Parshad Rana D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Trojan Y Chromosome strategy (TYC) is a promising eradication method for biological control of nonnative species. The strategy works by manipulating the sex ratio of a population through the introduction ofsupermalesthat guarantee male offspring. In the current study, we compare the TYC method with a pure harvesting strategy. We also analyze a hybrid harvesting model that mirrors the TYC strategy. The dynamic analysis leads to results on stability of solutions and bifurcations of the model. Several conclusions about the different strategies are established via optimal control methods. In particular, the results affirm that either a pure harvesting or hybrid strategy may work better than the TYC method at controlling a nonnative species population.Recommendations for resource managersWhere harvesting is feasible, it is as effective if not more effective than the classical TYC method. Therein managers may attempt harvesting female fish while stocking males or harvesting both male and female fishes.Managers may attempt linear harvesting, saturating density‐dependent harvesting, and unbounded density‐dependent harvesting. Linear harvesting is seen to be the most effective.We caution against the outright use of harvesting due to various density‐dependent effects that may arise. To this end hybrid models that involve a combination of harvesting and TYC‐type methods might be a better strategy.One may also use harvesting as a tool in mesocosm settings to predict the efficacy of the TYC strategy in the wild.
Psychiatry, risk and vulnerability: The significance of Robert Castel’s work for nursing
Authors: Paradis‐Gagné Etienne , Pariseau‐Legault Pierre 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRobert Castel is an eminent figure in the social sciences because of his innovative contributions to various social and health fields. The seminal work of this poststructuralist author and social activist has influenced several research disciplines, but has not yet had a significant impact on nursing. In this article, we will present the thinking of this man, who considered himself a sociologist, philosopher and “historian of the present.” We will examine the most important issues he explored during his career, including the psychiatric apparatus, the management of risk and the social vulnerability. We believe that this thinker's perspective on diverse social issues is very relevant to nursing practice and research and to the health sciences in general. The concepts he developed and utilized with finesse provide us with a critical reading of many contemporary health issues, particularly in mental health and psychiatric nursing. Castel's critical and engaged approach incites mobilization for social justice and greater protections for marginalized and vulnerable persons. These principles of advocacy and social justice are also at the heart of the nursing profession.
Suppression of NB‐LRR genes by miRNAs promotes nitrogen‐fixing nodule development in Medicago truncatula
Authors: Sós‐Hegedűs Anita , Domonkos Ágota , Tóth Tamás , Gyula Péter , Kaló Péter , Szittya György 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPlant genomes contain two major classes of innate immune receptors to recognize different pathogens. The pattern recognition receptors perceive conserved pathogen‐associated molecular patterns and the resistance genes with nucleotide‐binding (NB) and leucine‐rich repeat (LRR) domains recognize specific pathogen effectors. The precise regulation of resistance genes is important since the unregulated expression of NB‐LRR genes can inhibit growth and may result in autoimmunity in the absence of pathogen infection. It was shown that a subset of miRNAs could target NB‐LRR genes and act as an important regulator of plant immunity in the absence of pathogens. Plants not only interact with pathogens, but they can also establish symbiotic interactions with microbes. Nitrogen‐fixing symbiotic interaction and nodule formation of legumes may also require the suppression of host defence to prevent immune responses. We found that upon symbiotic interactions, miRNAs repressing NB‐LRR expression are upregulated in the developing nodules of Medicago truncatula. Furthermore, we show that the suppression of the activity of the NB‐LRR genes targeted by these miRNAs is important during nodule development. Our results suggest that the downregulation of NB‐LRR resistance genes in the developing nodule produces a suitable niche that facilitates bacterial colonization and the development of an N‐fixing nodule.
Consequences of the reduction of the Photosystem II antenna size on the light acclimation capacity of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Bielczynski Ludwik W. , Schansker Gert , Croce Roberta 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn several systems, from plant's canopy to algal bioreactors, the decrease of the antenna size has been proposed as a strategy to increase the photosynthetic efficiency. However, still little is known about possible secondary effects of such modifications. This is particularly relevant because the modulation of the antenna size is one of the most important light acclimation responses in photosynthetic organisms. In our study, we used an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant (dLhcb2), which has a 60% decrease of Lhcb1 and Lhcb2, the two main components of the major Photosystem II antenna complex. We show that the mutant maintains the photosynthetic and photoprotective capacity of the Wild Type (WT) and adapts to different light conditions by remodelling its photosynthetic apparatus, but the regulatory mechanism differs from that of the WT. Surprisingly, it does not compensate for the decreased light‐harvesting capacity by increasing other pigment‐protein complexes. Instead, it lowers the ratio of the cytochrome b6f and ATP synthase to the photosystems, regulating linear electron flow and maintaining the photosynthetic control at the level of these complexes as in the WT. We show that targeting the reduction of two specific antenna proteins, Lhcb1 and Lhcb2, represents a viable solution to obtain plants with a truncated antenna size, which still maintain the capacity to acclimate to different light conditions.
An ectomycorrhizal fungus alters sensitivity to jasmonate, salicylate, gibberellin, and ethylene in host roots
Authors: Basso Veronica , Kohler Annegret , Miyauchi Shingo , Singan Vasanth , Guinet Frédéric , Šimura Jan , Novák Ondřej , Barry Kerrie W. , Amirebrahimi Mojgan , Block Jonathan , Daguerre Yohann , Na Hyunsoo , Grigoriev Igor V. , Martin Francis , Veneault‐Fourrey Claire 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe phytohormones jasmonate, gibberellin, salicylate, and ethylene regulate an interconnected reprogramming network integrating root development with plant responses against microbes. The establishment of mutualistic ectomycorrhizal symbiosis requires the suppression of plant defense responses against fungi as well as the modification of root architecture and cortical cell wall properties. Here, we investigated the contribution of phytohormones and their crosstalk to the ontogenesis of ectomycorrhizae (ECM) between grey poplar (Populus tremulax alba) roots and the fungusLaccaria bicolor. To obtain the hormonal blueprint of developing ECM, we quantified the concentrations of jasmonates, gibberellins, and salicylate via liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Subsequently, we assessed root architecture, mycorrhizal morphology, and gene expression levels (RNA sequencing) in phytohormone‐treated poplar lateral roots in the presence or absence ofL. bicolor. Salicylic acid accumulated in mid‐stage ECM. Exogenous phytohormone treatment affected the fungal colonization rate and/or frequency of Hartig net formation. Colonized lateral roots displayed diminished responsiveness to jasmonate but regulated some genes, implicated in defense and cell wall remodelling, that were specifically differentially expressed after jasmonate treatment. Responses to salicylate, gibberellin, and ethylene were enhanced in ECM. The dynamics of phytohormone accumulation and response suggest that jasmonate, gibberellin, salicylate, and ethylene signalling play multifaceted roles in poplarL. bicolorectomycorrhizal development.
Improved cognitive apprenticeship clinical teaching after a faculty development program
Authors: Konishi Eri , Saiki Takuya , Kamiyama Hiroshi , Nishiya Katsumi , Tsunekawa Koji , Imafuku Rintaro , Fujisaki Kazuhiko , Suzuki Yasuyuki 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundWhile it is well known that the cognitive apprenticeship is an effective workplace‐based teaching approach for clinical teachers, the effects of faculty development (FD) have not been analyzed from that perspective. The purpose of this study was to investigate self‐assessment by clinical teachers of their educational perceptions and behaviors after a FD program using the cognitive apprenticeship model.MethodsBoard‐certified pediatricians who participated in a 3‐day FD program on practical clinical teaching were asked to complete questionnaires. Fifty participants completed two questionnaires prior to and 3 and 6 months after the FD program: the first was on the participants' general perceptions and behaviors in relation to their own clinical education and the second was a self‐assessment using the Maastricht Clinical Teaching Questionnaire (MCTQ) that was developed based on the cognitive apprenticeship model.ResultsThe general survey demonstrated that 78% of the participants experienced positive changes in their educational perceptions 6 months after FD. Self‐assessment using the MCTQ showed that the scores in the categories of “articulation,” “exploration,” and “safe learning environment” remained significantly improved 6 months after the FD program.ConclusionsThe participants' self‐perceived improvement in behaviors was sustainable for 6 months after participation the FD program. The results of the MCTQ show that through their experiences in the FD program, the participants seemingly transformed their clinical teaching to become interactive facilitators, encouraging self‐directed learning. Our results also suggest that the MCTQ can be used for self‐assessment of clinical teachers and to enhance the effectiveness of the FD program.