bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
the THE EFFECT OF CHITOSAN COATING ON MAFENIDE ACETATE-LOADED LIPOSOME CHARACTERIZATION AND DELIVERY THROUGH BURNED RAT SKIN
Authors: BEHZAD SHARIF MAKHMAL ZADEH  , BAHAREH KHANDEH ZAMIN  
Published: October 2019

Objective: Mafenide acetate has appropriate antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria isolated from the eschar surface. This drug has a high permeability through eschar which causes not only low concentration in the target place but also systemic toxicity. The aim of this study was localization of mafenide acetate into the eschar by chitosome.
Methods: In this study, liposomes are prepared with thin-layer hydration method and then covered by chitosan film. Based on full factorial design, different formulation was prepared and characterized and the selected formulation was applied on burned rat skin.
Results: Chitosan decreased membrane fluidity by interaction with phospholipid and cholesterol that induced lower drug loading efficiency and higher particle size of chitosomal formulation in comparison with liposomal formulations. Mucoadhesive and slow drug release property of chitosomes provided higher drug concentration into the eschar.
Conclusion: Impairment barrier property of eschar can be treated by the application of chitosomes. Chitosomes provided more drug concentration into the eschar and so are better vehicles for burn wound treatment in comparison with liposomes.
Aktivitas Antioksidan Infusa Daun Kelor (Moringa Oleifera Lam.) Terhadap Warna Daun
Authors: Salim Reny , Eliyarti Eliyarti 
Published: October 2019

<p><em>Daun dari tanaman kelor bermanfaat sebagai antioksidan. Hal ini telah diketahui dari beberapa hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya. Namun dalam hal perbedaan warna daun mempengaruhi kekuatan antioksidan yang dimiliki oleh daun kelor belum diteliti maka pada penelitian ini peneliti menguji kekuatan aktivitas antioksidan infusa daun kelor hijau muda dan hijau tua yang diambil dari daerah Bengkulu-Indonesia. Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan untuk pengujian ini adalah infusa sedangkan zat radikal yang digunakan adalah DPPH. Hasil kekuatan aktivitas antioksidan 50% infusa daun kelor hijau muda, daun kelor tua, dan vitamin C berturut-turut adalah sebesar 181,45µg/m;, 318,57µg/mL; 5,49 µg/mL. Hasil pengujian memperlihatkan kekuatan aktivitas antioksidan infusa daun kelor muda lebih besar daripada daun kelor hijau tua. Hasil signifikansi konsentrasi dihitung dengan menggunakan uji T Paired Two Sample dengan nilai α = 0,05.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><em><em>The leaves of Moringa plants are useful as antioxidants. This has been known from several results of studies that have been done before. However, in terms of differences in leaf color affecting the antioxidant power possessed by Moringa leaves has not been studied, in this study the researchers tested the strength of the antioxidant activity of light green and dark green Moringa leaves taken from the Bengkulu-Indonesia area. The extraction method used for this test is infusion while the radical used is DPPH. The results of the strength of the antioxidant activity of 50% infusion of young green Moringa leaves, old Moringa leaves, and vitamin C respectively were 181.45 µg / m ;, 318.57 µg / mL; 5.49 μg / mL. The test results showed the strength of the antioxidant activity of young Moringa leaf infusion was greater than the dark green Moringa leaves. The results of the significance of the concentration were calculated using the Paired Two Sample T test with a value of α = 0.05.</em></em></p>
Perbandingan Akrilamidakopi Bubuk Tradisional Dan Luwak Dengan Metode HPLC
Authors: Asra Ridho , Rusdi Rusdi , Nofianti Sofia , Nessa Nessa 
Published: October 2019

<p><em>Akrilamida merupakan senyawa kimia terdapat pada kopi yang disangrai pada suhu diatas 120 ˚C, berpotensi menyebabkan kanker pada manusia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan kandungan akrilamida dalam kopi bubuk tradisional dan kopi luwak dengan metode Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi. Fase gerak yang digunakan asetonitril: aquabidest (15: 85, v/v), dengan detektor Photodioday-Array (PDA) pada ℷ 200 nm. Akrilamida dalam sampel kopi bubuk teridentifikasi pada waktu retensi (tR) ± 6,8 menit. Metode ini terbukti valid dengan linearitas y = 356468 + 293761 x, koefisien korelasi (r) = 0,9993, batas deteksi 1,9901 µg/mL dan batas kuantitasi 6,6337 µg/mL, presisi dengan % SBR = 0,207 %, akurasi dengan % perolehan kembali kopi bubuk tradisional dan kopi bubuk luwak 99 % dan 104 %. Kadar akrilamida dalam sampel kopi bubuk 1 sampai 6 berturut-turut adalah 1115 ± 12,17 µg/g sampel (1), 687 ± 7,58 µg/g sampel (2), 1461 ± 63,89 µg/g sampel (3), 221 ± 3,54 µg/g sampel (4), 128 ± 3,24 µg/g sampel (5), 195 ± 1 µg/g sampel (6). Dari keenam sampel kopi bubuk menunjukkan bahwa kadar akrilamida masing-masing sampel berkisar antara 128 sampai 1461 µg/g. Kadar yang diperoleh melebihi batas aman konsumsi akrilamida yang dikeluarkan oleh WHO</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><em><em>Acrylamide is a chemical compound found in roasted coffee at temperatures above 120 ˚C which can potentially cause cancer in humans. The purpose of this research was to analyze acrylamide contents in traditional ground coffee and civet ground coffee by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. This analysis was carried out by isocratic elution system, the mobile phase of acetonitrile : aquabidest (15 : 85, v/v), using the stationary phase of the Shimadzu Shimpack ODS C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm), flow rate of 0.5 mL/minute, injection volume 20 µL, with a Photodioday-Array (PDA) detector at a wavelength of 200 nm. Acrylamide in ground coffee samples was identified at retention time (tR) ± 6.8 minutes. This method is proved valid with the linearity y = 356468 + 293761 x, correlation coefficient (r) = 0.9993, limit of detection 1.9901 µg / mL and limit of quantitation 6.6337 µg / mL, precision with % RSD = 0.207 %, acuracy with % recovery of traditional ground coffee and luwak ground coffee 99 % and 104 %. Acrylamide levels in 1 to 6 ground coffee samples in a row is 1115 ± 12.17 µg / g samples (1), 687 ± 7.58 µg / g samples (2), 1461 ± 63.89 µg / g samples (3), 221 ± 3.54 µg / g sample (4), 128 ± 3.24 µg / g sample (5), 195 ± 1 µg / g sample (6). Of the six ground coffee samples showed that the acrylamide levels of each sample ranged from 128 to 1461 µg / g. The levels obtained exceed the safe limits of acrylamide consumption released by WHO</em></em></p>
Penemuan Kasus Malaria Berdasarkan Pemeriksaan Mikroskopis di Kota Lubuklinggau dan Kabupaten Musi Rawas
Authors: Supranelfy Yanelza , Warni Sulfa Esi , Inzana Nur , Suryaningtyas Nungki Hapsari 
Published: October 2019

The main strategy of World Health Organization (WHO) in the prevention and control of malaria, namely through case management that includes the detection, diagnosis, management and treatment of cases. The detection of malaria cases or patients with microscopic confirmation by the health services including hospitals both private and public is one of the main activities carried out in malaria elimination efforts. The purpose of this study was to determine the picture of malaria patients in Siti Aisyah and dr. Sobirin hospitals in 2016. Data collection with peripheral blood sampling and interviews using questionnaires with cross-sectional study design. The results of this research is the detection of 13 malaria Falciparum and Vivax patients from two hospitals ; two patients with malaria Falciparum and six with malaria Vivax in Siti Aisyah Hospital Lubuklinggau and five patients with malaria Falciparum in dr.Sobirin hospital Musi Rawas. The type of treatment of malaria which has been received by the respondents were with chloroquin, primaquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and also sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, each was six percents.
THE STUDY OF RELIGION IN DEPARTAMENT OF SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT AMSTERDAM
Authors: Droogers André , De Theije Marjo , Versteeg Peter 
Published: October 2019

The authcrs of this artic analy the trajectory and the conterrporary moment of a group of
profsors and reseamhers in Anthiopolcgy of Religion at the Departmmt of Social Anthropology at Free
University of Amsterdam. They elabcrate a brief histcry of the constitution of the group in secord half
of the Century in the decades of 1960 and 1970, the field resrch were devebped in different loca
in the world, with theomtical marks also different. Nowadays there is an artiwlation of the
researches of the profsors and Ph.D. studmts in two big plDgrams.The first: "Between secularization
and sacralization", includes researches on the Dutth religious field from a qualitatiw methodological
grade The secord: "Careers of conversion and politics of culture", is dedicated on the study of the
expansionof charismatic and pentecostal Christianity in Holland and over the globe.
AS CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS DA RELIGIÃO NO BRASIL
Authors: Sanchis Pierre 
Published: October 2019

Apresenta-se aqui um panorama das sucessivas significações adquiridas
pelas Ciências Sociais da religião no decorrer de sua recente institucionalização
no Brasil. Sete "momentos" são destacados, com respectivas densidades de atenção
temática. Surge primeiro, do interior mesmo das instituições religiosas, uma
"sociologia religiosa", que se transformará pouco a pouco, autonomizando-se, em
"Ciências Sociais da Religião". Vieram então as descobertas sucessivas da religião
popular, da pregnância política da religião numa sociedade politicamente instável
como a do Brasil, do persistente sentido religioso da religião, com as perguntas,
decorrentes da secularização e do advento dos Novos Movimentos Religiosos.
Correlativante, chamaram - e chamam - a atenção os sinais de resistência das
instituições. 0 estudo conclui -se em direção a uma prospectiva: o "momento" de
amanhã poderá ser mamado, de um lado, pelas novas modalidades da adesão dos
indivíduos religiosos a suas instituições de referência, de outro lado pelos cruza
mento s de um duplo pluralismo que implicará tanto religiões quanto culturas na
problemática das identificações.
The Use of 3.15% Chlorhexidine Gluconate/70% Alcohol Hub Disinfection to Prevent Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections in Dialysis Patients
Authors: Cooney R. Marty , Manickam Nisha , Becherer Paul , Harmon Laura S. , Gregg Liza , Farkas Zena , Shea Louanne M. , Parekh Priyanka , Murphy Jacqueline , Shade Wanda 
Published: October 2019

Highlights
Using alcohol with CHG before accessing central line hubs helps reduce CLABSI events. Using alcohol with CHG before accessing vascular grafts helps reduce CLABSI events. A statistically significant reduction (65%) in CLABSI events occurred after use. Statistically significant lower CLABSI rates are sustainable with use of alcohol with CHG.
Diplomatiske memoarer. William Burns "The Back Channel" og Bjørn Skogmos "Visjonen om en bedre organisert verden"
Authors: Bekken Bjørn Klouman 
Published: October 2019

«Old diplomats do not die, they write their memoars» skrev en britisk historiker med et litt overbærende sukk en gang på 90-tallet. For britiske og amerikanske diplomater har skrevet så mange memoarer at de lett kunne ha fylt et lite bibliotek.
Norske diplomater, derimot, har knapt skrevet en eneste memoar. Så vidt jeg har oversikt, er de to siste Fritz Wedel Jarlsbergs Reisen gjennem Livet i 1932 og Rolf Andvords Med hånden på hjertet i 1964. Det har skjedd en del i både verdenshistorien og norsk utenrikspolitikk siden den tid...
Tannery Solid Waste into Wealth by Non-Edible Gelatin Production from Raw Trimmings
Authors: Shakil Md. Saidur Rhaman , Ahmed Sobur , Pathan Estehad 
Published: October 2019

During the conversion of raw hides or skins into leather involves generation of enormous amount of solid waste which has been major concern for environment and cause detrimental effect on it. In leather industry solid wastes can be generated almost from all operations including pre-tanning, tanning, and even post tanning operation. Solid wastes are mainly raw trimmings, fleshing, chrome shaving, buffing dust, keratin, finished scraps etc. The economic development of a country depends on the utilization of indigenous raw materials and their by-products. This paper focuses on utilization of raw trimmings into useful product like non edible gelatin those demand is going up day by day due to its versatile application in various fields. Raw trimmings are mainly originated during sorting of leather before actual tanning process happens and best for non- edible gelatin production as it does not contain any harmful chemicals. This study will also describe the chemical properties of gelatin, gelatin manufacturing process, manufacturing parameters from the leather wastes like raw trimmings. Optimum extraction of non-edible gelatin from raw trimmings found at 75-85ₒC for 12 hours in slightly basic condition. This study found that huge amount of raw trimmings which generally thrown directly to environment can serve as potential raw materials for the manufacture of non-edible as well as edible gelatin.
SELF-EFFICACY DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA SISWA MADRASAH ALIYAH
Authors: Ulpah Maria 
Published: October 2019

Self-efficacy siswa turut berperan dalam menentukan keberhasilan siswa dalam belajar, termasuk belajar matematika. Aspek afektif seperti self-efficacy, berperan utama pada saat seseorang mengerjakan dan menggunakan matematika, karena untuk dapat menyelesaikan masalah matematika tidak cukup dengan hanya mengetahui cara mengerjakan, namun harus disertai dengan self-efficacy tentang kebenaran konsep dan prosedur yang dimilikinya. Penelitian ini dilakukan di dua kelompok siswa dengan menggunakan instrument berupa angket untuk mengukur self-efficacy siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data observasi juga dilakukan untuk mengetahui proses pembelajaran dari kedua kelompok tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelompok siswa yang menggunakan pembelajaran aktif dan kooperatif mempunyai self-efficacy yang lebih tinggi.
Kata Kunci: self-efficacy, matematika, pembelajaran kooperatif.
PENDIDIKAN PESANTREN DALAM PANDANGAN KH. MAâ€™SHUM AHMAD LASEM
Authors: Bastomi Hasan 
Published: October 2019

Pondok Pesantren merupakan lembaga dan wahana pendidikan agama sekaligus sebagai komunitas santri yang â€œngajiâ€œ ilmu agama Islam. Beberapa pandangan tentang pendidikan pesantren menurut KH. Maâ€™shum Ahmad antara lain: tujuan pendidikan pesantren sebagai pencetak ulamaâ€™ untuk menyebarkan ilmu, dan memberikan manfaat bagi orang lain. Kurikulum di pesantren lebih mengutamakan pelajaran berbasis agama yang dilakukan melalui pembelajaran kitab kuning. Sedangkan seorang pendidik (guru) dipesantren harus memiliki komitmen dan senantiasa selalu meningkatkan keilmuan (belajar) serta menguasai materi pelajaran. Pesantren sebagai lembaga pendidikan tidak hanya sebagai tempat mendidik dan belajar, namun juga berfungsi sebagai lembaga untuk menanamkan jiwa sosial. Sebagai seorang pendidik di pesantren dituntut memiliki kemampuan dalam mengenali potensi dan karakteristik santri melalui perhatian kepada para santri.

Kata Kunci: Pesantren, Pandangan, KH. Maâ€™shum Ahmad
INTEGRASI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER PEDULI LINGKUNGAN DALAM KEGIATAN PEMBELAJARAN DI SDIT IMAM SYAFIâ€™I PETANAHAN KEBUMEN
Authors: Yahya M Slamet 
Published: October 2019

SDIT Imam Syafiâ€™i merupakan sekolah yang berhasil menanamkan karakter peduli lingkungan pada peserta didik. Sekolah ini memiliki lingkungan yang cukup nyaman untuk kegiatan pembelajaran. Ruang kelas yang tidak dilengkapi dengan AC tapi cukup sejuk karena dipenuhi dengan ventilasi udara. Toilet juga cukup memadai, ada 20 toilet peserta didik, dan 6 toilet guru. Di setiap depan ruang kelas terdapat dua bak sampah (organik dan anorganik) sehingga peserta didik dapat membuang sampah sesuai dengan kebutuhannya
Teori pendidikan karakter peduli lingkungan dapat dilaksanakan dalam empat pilar, yakni kegiatan belajar mengajar di kelas, kegiatan budaya sekolah, kegiatan ekstrakurikuler, dan kegiatan harian di rumah dan di masyarakat.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah Kepala Sekolah, Wakil Kepala Sekolah, guru, dan peserta didik. Pengumpulan datanya menggunakan wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah trianggulasi data.
Hasil penelitian Pendidikan karakter peduli lingkungan di SDIT Imam Syafiâ€™i Kebumen dilakukan dalam berbagai kegiatan yaitu; jadwal piket kelas, mengelola sampah dengan baik dan benar, hemat energi, hemat transportasi, outdor study, Jumat ngasih, membuat slogan-slogan yang berkaitan dengan cinta lingkungan dan ditempel di pagar, dinding, tertancap ditaman. Perencanaan dilaksanakan melalui rapat kerja pada liburan akhir tahun ajaran. Integrasi pendidikan karakter dalam pembelajaran yang dilakukan sudah terencana melalui pengembangan silabus dan pemilihan metode yang tepat untuk pembelajarannnya. Integrasi pendidikan karakter peduli lingkungan pada pembelajaran IPA pada Kopetensi Dasar 3.1 Memahami pengaruh kegiatan manusia terhadap keseimbangan lingkungan, dilakukan dengan pelaksanaan pembelajaran dengan metode kontekstual, yaitu peserta didik mengamati dan mengalami langsung akibat dari kegiatan manusia, baik kegiatan yang merusak dan kegiatan yang baik. Kemudian adanya refleksi terhadap pembelajaran yang telah dilaksanakan. Implementasi pendidikan karakter peduli lingkungan di rumah guru melakukan pendampingan terhadap peserta didik agar karakter peduli lingkungan tetap bersemi didalam dada peserta didik dengan memberi kegiatan rumah berupa penugasan untuk menanam pohon di sekitar rumah masing-masing peserta didik.
AUDIT SYSTEM FOR USAGE OF BLOOD PRODUCT IN SANGLAH GENERAL HOSPITAL DENPASAR BALI
Authors: Mulyantari Kadek , Triyono Teguh , Sukorini Usi 
Published: October 2019

Blood transfusion is one of very important therapy components. One indicator of the blood services quality in Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar Bali Indonesia is achieving the target of unused blood order â‰¤ 10% per month. However, these targets have not been achieved. The number of unused blood orders reached 6,719 bags per year (600 bags per month or 21.5%). Unused blood orders is mostly from Department of Internal Medicine (40.9%), followed by Department of Surgical (35.6%), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (15.5%) , and Department of Pediatrics (8%). The high number of unused blood orders can causes several problems such as the disorder of blood supply, inefficiency of pre-transfusion testing and decreased quality of blood product. Considering the consequences of high unused blood order, it is necessary to conduct a research on audit system for usage of blood product in Sanglah Hospital.The aim of study are to analyze the influence of audit system to reduce unused blood order and to decrease the number of C/T ratio. The study design was a pre and post test intervention study. The population in this study were all forming of blood requests in Sanglah Hospital. The sample is blood request form Department of Internal Medicine of the last two months. Intervention in this study was the development and dissemination of guidelines for usage of blood products, followed by concurrent audit and prospective audit of the sample.The study show there are decline of unused blood orders and C/T ratio before and after implementation of the audit system for usage of blood products. Reduction of unused blood order in Sanglah Hospital is 5.4%, and in the Department of Internal Medicine is 5.2%. The causes of unused blood orders were patient died, overestimation of blood order, transfusion delays because waiting for the schedule of hemodialysis, the patient has a fever, blood product has expired, and the occurrence of administration errors. Reduction of C/T ratio in Sanglah Hospital is 0,094 and in the Department of Internal Medicine is 0,072. Audit system for usage of blood products can reduce unused blood orders and decrease C/T ratio.
“PERAN PUSAT PELAYANAN TERPADU PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN DAN ANAK (P2TP2A) KABUPATEN MALANG DALAM MEMBERIKAN LAYANAN ADVOKASI KORBAN KHUSUSNYA TERHADAP ANAK SEBAGAI KORBAN KEKERASAN SEKSUAL”
Authors: Anggraini PK Ratih Dwi 
Published: October 2019

Peneltian ini memberikan perhatian pada peran P2TP2A Kabupaten Malang sebagai lembaga yang dibentuk untuk memberikan perlindungan terhadap kepentingan dan masa depan anak korban kekerasan seksual. Penelitian ini mengambil rumusan masalah Peran P2TP2A Kabupaten Malang dalam memberikan layanan advokasi korban terhadap anak sebagai Korban Kekerasan Seksual, kendala yang dihadapi dan upaya yang dilakukan P2TP2A Kabupaten Malang dalam memberikan layanan advokasi korban terhadap anak sebagai Korban Kekerasan Seksual. Penelitian ini merupakan peneltian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan empiris yang dianalisa secara deskriptif kualitatif.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan, dapat diketahui bahwa keberadaan P2TP2A Kabupaten Malang bisa memberikan pengaruh penting guna meminimalisir kasus kekerasan seksual yang terjadi di Kabupaten Malang. Peran P2TP2A Kabupaten Malang dalam memberikan layanan advokasi korban terdiri dari 2 bentuk yakni secara litigasi dan nonlitigasi. Secara litigasi, berjalan baik tetapi belum maksimal dikarenakan belum tersedianya sumber daya manusia yang memadai atau belum mempunyai keahlian di bidang litigasi. Sedangkan secara non litigasi, bentuk pelayanan yang diberikan terdiri dari dampingan psikologi spiritual, konseling dan mediasi. Sejauh ini layanan nonlitigasi sudah sangat baik dan mendapat dukungan dari masyarakat. Adapun bentuk – bentuk hambatan yang dihadapi ialah belum didukungnya sumber dana dan sumber daya manusia yang memadai dan faktor budaya masyarakat yang masih memandang bahwa permasalahan yang menimpa keluarga mereka merupakan masalah internal yang tidak perlu melibatkan orang luar. Upaya untuk mengatasi hambatan telah dilakukan dengan melakukan pendekatan dan koordinasi dengan instansi daerah terkait dan melakukan sosialisasi atau penyuluhan kepada masyarakat.
Melihat kenyataan ini, disarankan kepada pemerintah daerah untuk menjadikan isu perlindungan anak korban kekerasan seksual menjadi prioritas pembangunan yang termasuk didanai oleh APBD dan kepada lembaga P2TP2A Kabupaten Malang dapat lebih mengoptimalkan program – program yang menjadi prioritas kegiatannya.
A STUDY OF POLLUTION LOAD CAPACITY OF THE INDUSTRIAL SECTOR IN CIBABAT RIVER IN THE WATERSHED OF CITARUM RIVER
Authors: Yogaswara Mochammad Fariq , Juwana Iwan , Sari Yenita Sandra , Bakari Haroon 
Published: October 2019

The Sub Watershed of Cibabat is one of the rivers included in the Upstream Citarum River, in Cimahi City. This industrial sector which consists of 36 different industries is among the highest contributors of pollution load. Aim: This study analyzed the pollutant loads entering the Cibabat River in existing conditions and projections from the industrial sector. Methodology and Results: The pollutant loads, emitted from the industrial sector was used to calculate the discharged data, concentration, number of employees and products, as well as emission factors (EF). In 2018, the industrial sector pollution load was 3,518.82 kg/day TSS, 8,231.83 kg/day BOD and 14,467.68 kg/day COD. However, it increased to 3,885.06 kg/day TSS, 9,088.61 kg/day BOD and 15,973.48 kg/day COD during this project year. Conclusion, significance and impact study: The pollution loads on Cibabat River emitted from the industrial sector, which increases yearly by 2% was be reduced by developing wastewater treatment communal for industries.