bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AIM2&nbsp;Nuclear Exit and Inflammasome Activation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Response to Cigarette Smoke&nbsp;
Authors: Tran Hai B , Hamon Rhys , Jersmann Hubertus , Ween Miranda P , Asare Patrick , Haberberger Rainer , Pant Harshita , Hodge Sandra 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
IntroductionThe role inflammasomes play in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is unclear. We hypothesised that the AIM2 inflammasome is activated in the airways of COPD patients, and in response to cigarette smoke.Methods Lung tissue, bronchoscopy-derived alveolar macrophages and bronchial epithelial cells from COPD patients and healthy donors; lungs from cigarette smoke-exposed mice; and cigarette smoke extract-stimulated alveolar macrophages from healthy controls and HBEC30KT cell line were investigated. AIM2 inflammasome activation was assessed by multi-fluorescence quantitative confocal microscopy of speck foci positive for AIM2, inflammasome component ASC and cleaved IL-1β. Subcellular AIM2 localization was assessed by confocal microscopy, and immunoblot of fractionated cell lysates. Nuclear localization was supported by in-silico analysis of nuclear localization predicted scores of peptide sequences. Nuclear and cytoplasmic AIM2 was demonstrated by immunoblot in both cellular fractions from HBEC30KT cells.Results Increased cytoplasmic AIM2 speck foci, colocalized with cleaved IL-1β, were demonstrated in COPD lungs (n=9) vs. control (n=5), showing significant positive correlations with GOLD stages. AIM2 nuclear-to-cytoplasmic redistribution was demonstrated in bronchiolar epithelium in cigarette-exposed mice and in HBEC30KT cells post 24 hrs stimulation with 5% cigarette smoke extract. Alveolar macrophages from 8 healthy non-smokers responded to cigarette smoke extract with an >8-fold increase (p<0.05) of cytoplasmic AIM2 and >6-fold increase (p<0.01) of colocalized cleaved IL-1β speck foci, which were also localized with ASC.Conclusion The AIM2 inflammasome is activated in the airway of COPD patients, and in response to cigarette smoke exposure, associated with a nuclear to cytoplasmic shift in the distribution of AIM2.
Intraoral Image Generation by Progressive Growing of Generative Adversarial Network and Evaluation of Generated Image Quality by Dentists
Authors: Kokomoto Kazuma , Okawa Rena , Nakano Kazuhiko , Nozaki Kazunori 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Dentists need experience with plenty of clinical cases to practice specialized skills. However, the need to protect patients’ private information limits the ability to utilize lots of intraoral images obtained from clinical cases. In this study, since generating realistic images could making utilizing lots of intraoral images possible, intraoral images are generated by using a progressive growing of generative adversarial network. 35,254 intraoral images were used as training data with resolutions of 128×128, 256×256, 512×512, and 1,024×1,024. The results of training datasets with and without data augmentation were compared. The sliced Wasserstein distance (SWD) was calculated to evaluate the generated images. Next, 50 real images and 50 generated images for each resolution were randomly selected and shuffled. Twelve pediatric dentists were asked to observe these images and assess whether each was real or generated. The accuracy of the assessment of the 1,024×1,024 images was significantly higher than that of the other resolutions. In conclusion, generated intraoral images with resolutions of 512×512 or lower were so realistic that the dentists could not distinguish whether they were real or generated. This implies that generated images can be used for dental education or data augmentation for deep learning free from privacy restrictions.
Follow-up study on serum cholesterol profiles in recovered COVID-19 patients
Authors: Tan Wenbin , Li Guiling , Du Li , Wei Xiuqi , Cao Xiaoling , Yao Jiang , Lin Yuqi , Nguyen Vi , Wang Hui 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 patients develop hypolipidemia. However, it is unknown whether lipid levels have improved in recovered patients.Objective: In this follow-up study, we evaluated serum lipidemia and other physiopathological laboratory values in recovered patients.Methods: A 3–6 month follow-up study was performed between June 15 and September 3, 2020, to examine serum levels of laboratory values in 107 discharged COVID-19 patients (mild = 59; severe/critical = 48; diagnoses on admission). 61 patients had a revisit chest CT scan. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to analyze changes in laboratory values at admission and follow-up.Results: LDL-c and HDL-c levels were significantly higher at follow-up than at admission in severe/critical cases (p < 0.05). LDL-c levels were significantly higher at follow-up than at admission in mild cases (p < 0.05). With adjustment of the factor of traditional Chinese medicine, LDL-c and HDL-c levels were significantly improved at follow-up than at admission in severe/critical cases (p < 0.05). Coagulation and liver laboratory values were significantly lower at follow-up than at admission for patients (p < 0.05). Increases in HDL-c significantly correlated with increases in numbers of white blood cells (p<0.001) and decreases in levels of C-reactive protein (p < 0.05) during patients’ recovery. Residue lesions were observed in CT images in 69% (42 of 61) of follow-up patients.Conclusions: Improvements of LDL-c, HDL-c and incomplete absorption of lung lesions were observed at 3–6 month follow-up for recovered patients, indicating that a long-term recovery process could be required.
Phase transitions in CaCO3 under hydrous and anhydrous conditions: Implications for the structural transformations of CaCO3 during subduction processes
Authors: Yuan Xueyin , Mayanovic Robert A. , Zhang Guoliang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe transport of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) into the Earth’s interior through subduction is one of the key processes in the global cycling of carbon. To develop a better understanding of the CaCO3 structural stability during subduction processes, the phase transitions among CaCO3-I (calcite), CaCO3-II, -III/IIIb, and aragonite under pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions up to 2.5 GPa and 600 °C, in hydrous and anhydrous environments, were investigated using a hydrothermal diamond-anvil cell. One displacive and two reconstructive processes during the phase transitions among CaCO3 polymorphs were confirmed from the results obtained from in situ observations and Raman spectroscopic measurements. Meanwhile, the effect of Ca-substitutional metal cations (e.g., Mg2+) in CaCO3 and the presence of an aqueous fluid on the phase transition processes have been determined. Specifically, the CaCO3-I ↔ -II phase transition is a displacive process, occurring instantly at pressures varying from 1.6 GPa at room temperature to 1.5 GPa at 500 °C with the phase equilibrium boundary having a minimum P-T point at ~1.4 GPa at 300 °C, and is completely reversible upon cooling and decompression. The CaCO3-II → -III phase transition is a reconstructive process, observed at P-T conditions from 2.0 GPa at room temperature to 2.5 GPa at 150 °C, and is accomplished by solid recrystallization starting from CaCO3-II, transitioning through an intermediate CaCO3-IIIb, and ending at the CaCO3-III structure. The phase transition between CaCO3-I or -II and aragonite, which is also a reconstructive process, was found to occur by progressive solid recrystallization under high P-T hydrous and anhydrous conditions, or alternatively, via dissolution-precipitation under low-P-T hydrous conditions, depending on the presence of aqueous fluids and the heating rate of the system. The substitution for Ca2+ by other metal cations (e.g., Mg2+, Mn2+, Fe2+) in CaCO3 results in a significant increase in the pressures for the displacive and solid recrystallization reconstructive phase transitions, but has no detectable influence on the CaCO3-I/II ↔ aragonite transformation via a dissolution-precipitation process under hydrous conditions. Our results show that the presence of Ca-substitutional metal cations in CaCO3 is a key factor controlling the phase stability of CaCO3 under high P-T conditions, and suggest that aragonite should be the predominant phase in the upper mantle in subduction zones where the heating rate is very low and slab dehydration is prevalent.
A Grüneisen tensor for rutile and its application to host-inclusion systems
Authors: Musiyachenko Kira A. , Murri Mara , Prencipe Mauro , Angel Ross J. , Alvaro Matteo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Rutile is often found as inclusions in garnet, quartz, and several other rock-forming minerals, and it is also a common accessory phase in high-pressure metamorphic rocks. Its relatively simple structure, chemistry, broad P-T stability field, and its wide occurrence in nature makes it a candidate for the application of elastic geobarometry. However, thermodynamic studies coupled with observations on natural samples predict that rutile inclusions in garnets should exhibit zero residual pressure. This implies that the rutile inclusions are detached from the inclusion walls in the host garnet after entrapment. We determined the elastic and vibrational properties of rutile via ab initio hybrid Hartree-Fock/Density Functional Theory simulations under different strain states. Our results confirmed the thermodynamic behavior of rutile in garnet and allowed us to determine for the first time the components of the phonon-mode Grüneisen tensors of rutile. We demonstrated that pure rutile inclusions in garnets from metamorphic rocks exhibit no residual strain or stress, consistent with thermodynamic modeling. Nevertheless, there are rutile inclusions in garnet surrounded by optical birefringence haloes, which are indicative of residual inclusion pressures. Careful examination of these show that they contain significant amounts of amphibole, which reduce the elastic moduli of the composite inclusion to less than that of the garnet hosts. A calculation method for the residual pressures of multi-phase inclusions is described.
Effectiveness of peracetic acid and EarthTec QZ for controlling zebra and quagga mussels in drinking water treatment plants on Lake Ontario
Authors: Hurtado Alonso , Alonzo-Moya Carlos , Hofmann Ronald 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Prechlorination is the most common strategy for zebra and quagga mussel control in drinking water treatment plant intakes in the Great Lakes region. Although effective and inexpensive, chlorine can form regulated disinfection byproducts. Two potential alternatives to prechlorination were evaluated for mussel control: peracetic acid (PAA) and EarthTec QZ, a copper-based product. Pilot-scale experiments were conducted to test EarthTec QZ for veliger control and to evaluate the efficiency of PAA and EarthTec QZ for adult mussel control. EarthTec QZ doses of 30, 60, and 120 μg/L as copper ions demonstrated dose-dependent veliger control at 12 °C. PAA doses of 5, 10, and 25 mg/L were effective for adult mussel control at the low water temperatures tested (4 °C). Results from this study indicate that PAA and EarthTec QZ may be an alternative to prechlorination.
Advances in Understanding the Metabolites and Metabolomics of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb: A Mini-review
Authors: Yang Jian-Bo , Gao Hui-Yu , Song Yun-Fei , Liu Yue , Wang Qi , Wang Ying , Ma Shuang-Cheng , Cheng Xian-Long , Wei Feng 
Published: December 2020

Background:
The roots of Polygonum multiflorum (PM) are a well-known traditional Chinese
medicine, widely used to treat a variety of conditions in Southeast Asia, South Korea, Japan and other countries.
It is known that Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata (PMRP) may enhance the efficacy and reduce the
toxicity of PM. However, reports of adverse reactions, such as hepatotoxicity, caused by PM or PMRP, have
continuously appeared around the world, which increased the known risks of the medication and gradually
gained the extensive attention of many researchers. The chemical constituents of PM that cause hepatotoxicity
have not been distinctly elucidated using the traditional phytochemical screening. Recently, with the rapid development
of metabolomics, there has been a growing need to explore the potential hepatotoxic components
and mechanisms of PM.

Methods:
The metabolites and metabolomics of PM were searched by the Web of Science, PubMed, Google
scholar and some Chinese literature databases.

Results:
A brief description of metabolites and metabolomics of PM is followed by a discussion on the metabolite-
induced toxicity in this review. More than 100 metabolites were tentatively identified and this will contribute
to further understanding of the potential hepatotoxic components of PM. Meanwhile, some toxic compounds
were identified and could be used as potential toxic markers of PM.

Conclusion:
This review mainly outlines the metabolites and metabolomics of PM that have been identified in
recent years. This study could help to clarify the potential hepatotoxic components and metabolic mechanisms
of PM and provide a scientific reference for its safe clinical use in the future.
Early Failures of Total Knee Patients with Nickel Allergies Secondary to Carbon Fiber Debris
Authors: Maale Gerhard , Mohammadi Daniel , Kennard Nicole , Srinivasaraghavan Aniruth 
Published: December 2020

Aim:
Currently, there are not many studies on the long-term outcomes of the specific implants used in patients with metal hypersensitivities. The purpose of this study is to report a significant number of TKA revision failures with the CFR-PEEK prosthetic knee implant with an anatomic hinge.

Background:
Patients can experience multiple issues following a primary Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA). A growing body of research is finding a correlation between primary TKA failure and metal hypersensitivity, most commonly with nickel and cobalt. Because of this, knee prosthetics are being made from hypoallergenic metals, such as zirconium nitride (ZrN), to minimize the number of failures due to metal allergy. Given the relatively new development of the hypoallergenic prostheses, there is sparse data about their overall success.

Objective:
The purpose of this study is to report a significant number of TKA revision failures with the CFR-PEEK prosthetic knee implant with an anatomic hinge.

Methods:
In this study, we analyzed the sequelae of 84 patients between May 2015 to June 2020 who received a total knee revision due to a failed primary TKA with metal hypersensitivity. These patients were revised with the rotating anatomic hinge knee system, which consisted of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Poly-Ether-Ether-Ketone (CFR-PEEK implant) coated with a ZrN, Zirconium, and Chrome Nitride multi-layer surface coating with 30% polyacrylonitrile fiber content. The patients requiring an additional revision operation presented with increasing pain that showed evidence of osteolysis on plain radiographs, CT imaging, positive indium labeled WBC scans and increased uptake on bone scan. Intraoperatively, an open incisional biopsy of the surgical bed was obtained, followed by radical debridement and implantation of porex knee prosthesis. In addition, intraoperative findings included black debris that grossly stained the surrounding synovial tissue black, indicative of wear and debris from carbon fiber bearings and the anatomic hinge. Histology of the intraoperative biopsy showed the accumulation of black debris in the histiocyte, fibrosis, and perivascular cuffing of lymphocytes and multinucleated giant cells stained with black debris.

Results:
Of the 84 patients, 22 failed, requiring an additional revision procedure, equating to a 26 percent failure rate of the CFR-PEEK implant, averaging 25 months to failure.

Conclusion:
This study was meant to report the extremely high failure rate of the anatomic hinge secondary to carbon fiber debris. Perhaps carbon fiber-laden implants are not as good an option for total knee revision prosthesis because of the high failure rate compared to those with polyethylene in their hinge mechanism.
In Memoriam: Viktor Markovich Zhivov (1945-2013)
Authors: Marker Gary 
Published: December 2020

Этот выпуск журнала «Вивлиофика» является первым из серии выпусков, посвященных памяти и интеллектуальному влиянию Виктора Марковича Живова (1945-2013) на исследователей России 18 в. и русской культуры вообще. Среди авторов этого и последующих выпусков – коллеги, ученики, друзья, соавторы Виктора Марковича. Выпуск включает ряд статей, разрабатывающих разные аспекты изучения России 18 в., которые были близки и В.М. Живову, такие как карнавальная культура петровского времени (Б.А. Успенский), политическая идеология петровского двора и фигура Феофана Прокоповича (Б.П. Маслов), религия в творчестве Державина (И. Клейн), история лингвистической культуры людей 18 в. на примере «Vocabularia comparativa» (СПб., 1787-89). Этот номер журнала также включает оригинальный перевод одной из последних статей В.М. Живова, посвященной истории понятий, – «История понятий, история культуры, история общества», и наиболее полную на данный момент библиографию трудов В.М. Живова (Э.А. Зицер).This volume of Вивлiоѳика: E-Journal of Eighteenth-Century Russian Studies is the first of several anticipated issues dedicated to the memory and intellectual influence of the late Viktor Markovich Zhivov (1945-2013), particularly on the study of eighteenth-century Russian culture. The contributors to this and future commemorative issues include former collaborators, colleagues, students, and long-time professional associates. This issue includes articles on a number of aspects of Russian culture that were of interest to V. M. Zhivov, such as Petrine political ideology, both official (B. P. Maslov) and unofficial (B. A. Uspenskii); religious poetry (J. Klein); and the history of eighteenth-century Russian linguistic culture (H. Keipert). This issue also provides an original, English-language translation of one of Zhivov’s last essays (“История понятий, история культуры, история общества”), as well as the most complete bibliography to-date of V. M. Zhivov's publications (E. A. Zitser).
Privacy Policy Compliance of Chronic Disease Management Apps in China: Scale Development and Content Evaluation
Authors: Ni Zhenni , Wang Yiying , Qian Yuxing 
Published: December 2020

Background
With the development of mobile health (mHealth), chronic disease management apps have brought not only the possibility of reducing the burden of chronic diseases but also huge privacy risks to patients’ health data.

Objective
The purpose of the study was to analyze the extent to which chronic disease management apps in China comply with the Personal Information Security Specification (PI Specification).

Methods
The compliance of 45 popular chronic disease management apps was evaluated from the perspective of the information life cycle. To conduct a fine-grained evaluation, a scale based on the PI Specification was developed. Finally, 6 level 1 indicators, 22 level 2 indicators, and 61 level 3 indicators were defined.

Results
There were 33/45 apps (73%) with a privacy policy, and the average score of these apps was 40.4 out of 100. Items of level 1 indicators with high scores included general characteristics (mean 51.9% [SD 28.1%]), information collection and use (mean 51.1% [SD 36.7%]), and information sharing and transfer (mean 50.3% [SD 33.5%]). Information storage and protection had the lowest compliance with PI Specification (mean 29.4% [SD 32.4%]). Few personal information (PI) controllers have stated how to handle security incidents, including security incident reporting (7/33, 21%), security incident notification (10/33, 30%), and commitment to bear corresponding legal responsibility for PI security incidents (1/33, 3%). The performance of apps in the stage of information destruction (mean 31.8% [SD 40.0%]) was poor, and only 21% (7/33) apps would notify third parties to promptly delete PI after individuals cancelled their accounts. Moreover, the scoring rate for rights of PI subjects is generally low (mean 31.2% [SD 35.5%]), especially for obtaining copies of PI (15%) and responding to requests (25%).

Conclusions
Although most chronic disease management apps had a privacy policy, the total compliance rate of the policy content was low, especially in the stage of information storage and protection. Thus, the field has a long way to go with regard to compliance around personal privacy protection in China.
COVID-19 Misinformation Spread in Eight Countries: Exponential Growth Modeling Study
Authors: Nsoesie Elaine Okanyene , Cesare Nina , Müller Martin , Ozonoff Al 
Published: December 2020

Background
The epidemic of misinformation about COVID-19 transmission, prevention, and treatment has been going on since the start of the pandemic. However, data on the exposure and impact of misinformation is not readily available.

Objective
We aim to characterize and compare the start, peak, and doubling time of COVID-19 misinformation topics across 8 countries using an exponential growth model usually employed to study infectious disease epidemics.

Methods
COVID-19 misinformation topics were selected from the World Health Organization Mythbusters website. Data representing exposure was obtained from the Google Trends application programming interface for 8 English-speaking countries. Exponential growth models were used in modeling trends for each country.

Results
Searches for “coronavirus AND 5G” started at different times but peaked in the same week for 6 countries. Searches for 5G also had the shortest doubling time across all misinformation topics, with the shortest time in Nigeria and South Africa (approximately 4-5 days). Searches for “coronavirus AND ginger” started at the same time (the week of January 19, 2020) for several countries, but peaks were incongruent, and searches did not always grow exponentially after the initial week. Searches for “coronavirus AND sun” had different start times across countries but peaked at the same time for multiple countries.

Conclusions
Patterns in the start, peak, and doubling time for “coronavirus AND 5G” were different from the other misinformation topics and were mostly consistent across countries assessed, which might be attributable to a lack of public understanding of 5G technology. Understanding the spread of misinformation, similarities and differences across different contexts can help in the development of appropriate interventions for limiting its impact similar to how we address infectious disease epidemics. Furthermore, the rapid proliferation of misinformation that discourages adherence to public health interventions could be predictive of future increases in disease cases.