bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An innovative decision support tool for liquefied natural gas supply chain planning
Authors: Papaleonidas Christos , Lyridis Dimitrios V. , Papakostas Alexios , Konstantinidis Dimitris Antonis 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to improve the tactical planning of the stakeholders of the midstream liquefied natural gas (LNG) supply chain, using an optimisation approach. The results can contribute to enhance the proactivity on significant investment decisions.

Design/methodology/approach
A decision support tool (DST) is proposed to minimise the operational cost of a fleet of vessels. Mixed integer linear programming (MILP) used to perform contract assignment combined with a genetic algorithm solution are the foundations of the DST. The aforementioned methods present a formulation of the maritime transportation problem from the scope of tramp shipping companies.

Findings
The validation of the DST through a realistic case study illustrates its potential in generating quantitative data about the cost of the midstream LNG supply chain and the annual operations schedule for a fleet of LNG vessels.

Research limitations/implications
The LNG transportation scenarios included assumptions, which were required for resource reasons, such as omission of stochasticity. Notwithstanding the assumptions made, it is to the authors’ belief that the paper meets its objectives as described above.

Practical implications
Potential practitioners may exploit the results to make informed decisions on the operation of LNG vessels, charter rate quotes and/or redeployment of existing fleet.

Originality/value
The research has a novel approach as it combines the creation of practical management tool, with a comprehensive mathematical modelling, for the midstream LNG supply chain. Quantifying future fleet costs is an alternative approach, which may improve the planning procedure of a tramp shipping company.
Additive manufacturing for repairing: from damage identification and modeling to DLD
Authors: Perini Matteo , Bosetti Paolo , Balc Nicolae 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to decrease the cost of repairing operations, of the damaged mechanical components, by enabling the strong automation of the process and the reduction of manual labor. The main purpose of the hybrid repair process is to restore the original shape of the mechanical parts, by adding and removing material according to the mismatch between the damaged object and the virtual model, to restore its geometrical properties.

Design/methodology/approach
The DUOADD software tool translates the information collected from a 3D scanner into a digital computer aided design solid model, which can be manipulated through Siemens NX computer aided manufacturing (CAM), to obtain the tool paths, for the Direct Laser Deposition (DLD) technology. DUOADD uses octrees to effectively analyze the damaged region of the mechanical part and then to discretize the volume to be added to export CAM-compatible information as a 3D model, for additive operations.

Findings
DUOADD is the missing link between two valuable existing technologies, 3D scan and CAM for additive manufacturing, which can now be connected together, to perform automatic repairing.

Research limitations/implications
A trade-off between resolution and computational effort needs to be achieved.

Practical implications
DUOADD output is a STEP file, transferred to the CAM software to create the additive and the milling tool paths. The maximum deviation was 40 micrometers, as compared with the original solid model.

Originality/value
The paper presents a new procedure and new software tools (DUOADD), for the automation of damaged objects restoration process. DUOADD software provides suitable data for using a 5-axis computer numerical control (CNC) milling machine equipped with a DLD tool.
Effect of processing parameters on forming defects during selective laser melting of AlSi10Mg powder
Authors: Wu Haihua , Li Junfeng , Wei Zhengying , Wei Pei 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
To fabricate a selective laser melting (SLM)-processed AlSi10Mg part with almost full density and free of any apparent pores, this study aims to investigate the effect of ambient argon pressure and laser scanning speed on the particles splash during the AlSi10Mg powder bed laser melting.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on the discrete element method (DEM), a 3D model of random distribution of powder particles was established, and the 3D free surface of SLM forming process was dynamically tracked by the volume of fluid, where a Gaussian laser beam acts as the energy source melting the powder bed. Through the numerical simulation and process experimental research, the effect of the applied laser power and scanning speed on the operating laser melting temperature was studied.

Findings
The process stability has a fundamental role in the porosity formation, which is process-dependent. The effect of the processing conditions on the process stability and the resultant forming defects were clarified.

Research limitations/implications
The results shows that the pores were the main defects present in the SLM-processed AlSi10Mg sample, which decreases the densification level of the sample.

Practical implications
The optimal processing parameters (argon pressure of 1,000 Pa, laser power of 180 W, scan speed of 1,000 mm/s, powder layer thickness of 35 µm and hatch spacing of 50 µm ) applied during laser melting can improve the quality of selective laser melting of AlSi10Mg,

Social implications
It can provide a technological support for 3D printing.

Originality/value
Based on the analysis of the pore and balling formation mechanisms, the optimal processing parameters have been obtained, which were argon pressure of 1,000 Pa, laser power of 180 W, scan speed of 1,000 mm/s, powder layer thickness of 35 µm and hatch spacing of 50 µm. Then, a near-fully dense sample free of any apparent pores on the cross-sectional microstructure was produced by SLM, wherein the relative density of the as-built samples is larger than 97.5%.
A review on advancements in applications of fused deposition modelling process
Authors: T. Sathies , P. Senthil , M.S. Anoop 
Published: January 2020

PurposeFabrication of customized products in low volume through conventional manufacturing incurs a high cost, longer processing time and huge material waste. Hence, the concept of additive manufacturing (AM) comes into existence and fused deposition modelling (FDM), is at the forefront of researches related to polymer-based additive manufacturing. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the research works carried on the applications of FDM.Design/methodology/approachIn the present paper, an extensive review has been performed related to major application areas (such as a sensor, shielding, scaffolding, drug delivery devices, microfluidic devices, rapid tooling, four-dimensional printing, automotive and aerospace, prosthetics and orthosis, fashion and architecture) where FDM has been tested. Finally, a roadmap for future research work in the FDM application has been discussed. As an example for future research scope, a case study on the usage of FDM printed ABS-carbon black composite for solvent sensing is demonstrated.FindingsThe printability of composite filament through FDM enhanced its application range. Sensors developed using FDM incurs a low cost and produces a result comparable to those conventional techniques. EMI shielding manufactured by FDM is light and non-oxidative. Biodegradable and biocompatible scaffolds of complex shapes are possible to manufacture by FDM. Further, FDM enables the fabrication of on-demand and customized prosthetics and orthosis. Tooling time and cost involved in the manufacturing of low volume customized products are reduced by FDM based rapid tooling technique. Results of the solvent sensing case study indicate that three-dimensional printed conductive polymer composites can sense different solvents. The sensors with a lower thickness (0.6 mm) exhibit better sensitivity.Originality/valueThis paper outlines the capabilities of FDM and provides information to the user about the different applications possible with FDM.
Local extinction risk under climate change in a neotropical asymmetrically dispersed epiphyte
Authors: Acevedo Miguel A. , Beaudrot Lydia , Meléndez‐Ackerman Elvia J. , Tremblay Raymond L. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

The long‐term fate of populations experiencing disequilibrium conditions with their environment will ultimately depend on how local colonization and extinction dynamics respond to abiotic conditions (e.g. temperature and rainfall), dispersal limitation and biotic interactions (e.g. competition, facilitation or interactions with natural enemies). Understanding how these factors influence distributional dynamics under climate change is a major knowledge gap, particularly for small ranged and dispersal‐limited plant species, which are at higher risk of extinction. Epiphytes are hypothesized to be particularly vulnerable to climate change and we know little about what drives their distribution and how they will respond to climate change. To address this issue, we leveraged a 10‐year dataset on the occupancy dynamics of the endemic orchid Lepanthes rupestris to identify the drivers of local colonization and extinction dynamics and assess the long‐term fate of this population under multiple climate change scenarios.

We compared 290 dynamic occupancy models in their ability to predict the colonization and extinction dynamics of a L. rupestris metapopulation. The model set predicted colonization–extinction dynamics as a function of asymmetric patch connectivity, moss area, elevation, temperature (minimum, maximum and variability) and/or rainfall.

The best model predicted that local colonization increases with increasing asymmetric patch connectivity but decreases as minimum temperature and maximum temperature variability increase. The best model also predicted that local extinction increases with increasing variability in maximum temperature. Negative effects were more severe in smaller patches.

Synthesis. Overall, our results demonstrate the role of asymmetric connectivity, climate and interactions with moss area as drivers of colonization and extinction dynamics. Moreover, our results suggest that asymmetrically dispersed epiphytes may struggle to persist under climate change because their limited connectivity may not be enough to counterbalance the negative effects of increasing mean or variability in temperature.
The effect of rural hospital closures on emergency medical service response and transport times
Authors: Miller Katherine E. M. , James Hailey J. , Holmes George Mark , Van Houtven Courtney H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the effect of rural hospital closures on EMS response time (minutes between dispatch notifying unit and arriving at scene); transport time (minutes between unit leaving the scene and arriving at destination); and total activation time (minutes between 9‐1‐1 call to responding unit returning to service), as longer EMS times are associated with worse patient outcomes.Data Sources/Study SettingWe use secondary data from the National EMS Information System, Area Health Resource, and Center for Medicare & Medicaid Provider of Service files (2010‐2016).Study DesignWe examined the effects of rural hospital closures on EMS transport times for emergent 9‐1‐1 calls in rural areas using a pre‐post, retrospective cohort study with the matched comparison group using difference‐in‐difference and quantile regression models.Principal FindingsClosures increased mean EMS transport times by 2.6 minutes (P = .09) and total activation time by 7.2 minutes (P = .02), but had no effect on mean response times. We also found closures had heterogeneous effects across the distribution of EMS times, with shorter response times, longer transport times, and median total activation times experiencing larger effects.ConclusionsRural hospital closures increased mean transport and total activation times with varying effects across the distribution of EMS response, transport, and total times. These findings illuminate potential barriers to accessing timely emergency services due to closures.
Mitochondrial function in skeletal myofibers is controlled by a TRF2‐SIRT3 axis over lifetime
Authors: Robin Jérôme D. , Jacome Burbano Maria‐Sol , Peng Han , Croce Olivier , Thomas Jean Luc , Laberthonniere Camille , Renault Valerie , Lototska Liudmyla , Pousse Mélanie , Tessier Florent , Bauwens Serge , Leong Waiian , Sacconi Sabrina , Schaeffer Laurent , Magdinier Frédérique , Ye Jing , Gilson Eric 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTelomere shortening follows a developmentally regulated process that leads to replicative senescence of dividing cells. However, whether telomere changes are involved in postmitotic cell function and aging remains elusive. In this study, we discovered that the level of the TRF2 protein, a key telomere‐capping protein, declines in human skeletal muscle over lifetime. In cultured human myotubes, TRF2 downregulation did not trigger telomere dysfunction, but suppressed expression of the mitochondrial Sirtuin 3 gene (SIRT3) leading to mitochondrial respiration dysfunction and increased levels of reactive oxygen species. Importantly, restoring the Sirt3 level in TRF2‐compromised myotubes fully rescued mitochondrial functions. Finally, targeted ablation of the Terf2 gene in mouse skeletal muscle leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and sirt3 downregulation similarly to those of TRF2‐compromised human myotubes. Altogether, these results reveal a TRF2‐SIRT3 axis controlling muscle mitochondrial function. We propose that this axis connects developmentally regulated telomere changes to muscle redox metabolism.
A parent‐reported standardised checklist is not sensitive to screen for motor problems at school age following neonatal critical illness
Authors: Toussaint‐Duyster Leontien C. C. , van der Cammen‐van Zijp Monique H. M. , Tibboel Dick , Gischler Saskia , van Rosmalen Joost , IJsselstijn Hanneke 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimAs nowadays more children survive neonatal critical illness, evaluation of long‐term morbidities becomes more important. We determined whether the parent‐reported Movement Assessment Battery for Children‐Second Edition (MABC‐2) Checklist is a proper tool to screen for motor problems in school‐aged children born with severe anatomical anomalies and/or treated with neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.MethodsWe analysed data of 190/253 children (60.0% male) participating in our multidisciplinary follow‐up programme who were routinely assessed at the ages of five, eight and/or 12 years. Parents completed the Checklist prior to assessment of the child's actual motor performance by a physical therapist using the MABC‐2 Test. The sensitivity and specificity of the Checklist with a cut‐off point of the 16th percentile were determined.ResultsThe sensitivity of the MABC‐2 Checklist was 57.1%, which implies that 42.9% of the children at risk for motor problems were not identified. The specificity was 79.1%.ConclusionThe low sensitivity of the MABC‐2 Checklist suggests that this instrument does not suffice to screen for motor problems in children who survived neonatal critical illness. Yet, it may help to gain insight in parental perceptions of the child's motor performance and to provide tailored advice on lifestyle.
Tectono‐sedimentary evolution of transverse extensional faults in a foreland basin: Response to changes in tectonic plate processes
Authors: Carrillo Emilio , Guinea Ander , Casas Albert , Rivero Lluis , Cox Nicole , Vázquez‐Taset Yaniel Misael 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLate Paleocene to Middle Eocene strata in the easternmost part of the Southern Pyrenees, up to 4 km thick, provide information on tectono‐sedimentary evolution of faults transversal to the Pyrenean chain. To know how changes in tectonic plate processes control the structural evolution of transverse faults and the synchronous thickness and lithological distribution of sedimentary strata in a foreland basin, field observations, interpretation of 2D seismic lines tied to lithostratigraphic data of exploration wells and gravity modelling constrains were carried out. This resulted in the following two tectono‐sedimentary phases in a foreland basin: first phase, dominated by transverse extensional faulting, synchronous with deposition of marine carbonates (ca. 57 to 51 Ma); and second phase, characterized by transverse contractional faulting, coeval to accumulation of marine and transitional siliciclastics (51 to 44 Ma). During the first phase, Iberia and Adria were moving to the east and west respectively. Therefore, lithospheric flexure in the easternmost part of the Iberian plate was developed due to that Sardinia was over‐thrusting Iberia. Consequently, activation of E‐dipping normal faults was generated giving rise to thick‐deep and thin‐shallow carbonate platform deposits across the hanging walls and footwalls of the transverse structures. During the second phase, a shearing interaction between Iberia and Sardinia prevailed re‐activating the transverse faults as contractional structures generating thin‐shelf and thick‐submarine fan deposits across the hanging walls and footwalls of the transverse structures. In the transition between the first and second phases, evaporitic conditions dominated in the basin suggesting a tectonic control on basin marine restriction. The results of our study demonstrate how thickness and lithology distribution, controlled by transverse faulting in a compressional regimen, are influenced by phases related to processes affecting motions and interactions between tectonic plates and continental blocks.
Treaty of Paris vs. Treaty of Niagara: Rethinking Canadian economic history in the 21st century
Authors: Redish Angela 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, I argue that in focussing on the role of natural resource exports (“staples”) as drivers of the extent and characteristics of economic growth, Canadian economic history has overlooked questions of resource ownership. Equally it has focused on the development of the settler economy rather than on that of Indigenous nations, with little acknowledgement of the relationship between the two. I review some milestones in the evolution of legal recognition of Indigenous land and resource rights, an evolution that has a direct impact on today's Canadian economy. I then survey some recent papers to demonstrate that the theoretical and empirical tools of economists can combine to provide important new insights into, and a more holistic picture of, the development of the Canadian economy.
Novel mutation in MKKS/BBS6 linked with arRP and polydactyly in a family of North Indian origin
Authors: Goyal Shiwali , Singh Indu R. , Vanita Vanita 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo identify the underlying genetic defect in a fourth‐generation autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (arRP) family. Detailed family history and clinical data were collected from nine members, including three affected, from an arRP family.MethodsWhole‐exome sequencing (WES) was performed on DNA sample of an affected individual IV: 2. Variants obtained by WES were annotated using Ion Reporter Software (ver. 5.2). Potential pathogenic variants detected in an affected member were validated in other affected and unaffected family members by Sanger sequencing. Further 150 ethnically‐matched controls were tested for the variant that co‐segregated completely with disease in the family, so as to exclude it as a polymorphism. Various web‐based bioinformatics tools were also applied to access pathogenic potential of the observed variant.ResultsAll the three patients had RP with polydactyly of both hands and feet, however, they did not show other symptoms of Bardet‐Biedl syndrome (BBS) or McKusick‐Kaufmann Syndrome (MKKS). A novel missense mutation, that is, c.518A>C (p.His173Pro) was identified in MKKS/BBS6 that co‐segregated completely with the disease phenotype in all the three affected members and was not observed in six unaffected members of the family. Also the c.518A>C change was not observed in 150 ethnically matched controls (300 chromosomes), hence excluding it as a polymorphism.ConclusionsPresent study is the second report of identifying a novel mutation in MKKS/BBS6 that is linked with arRP in association with polydactyly, however, with no other signs of BBS or MKKS. These findings further expand the mutation spectrum of MKKS/BBS6 for arRP with polydactyly.
The uses and implications of avian vocalizations for conservation planning
Authors: Lewis Rebecca N. , Williams Leah J. , Gilman R. Tucker 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThere is a growing recognition that animal behavior can affect wildlife conservation, but there have been few direct studies of animal behavior in conservation programs. However, a great deal of existing behavioral research can be applied in the context of conservation. Research on avian vocalizations provides an excellent example. The conspicuous nature of the vocal behavior of birds makes it a useful tool for monitoring populations and measuring biodiversity, but the importance of vocalizations in conservation goes beyond monitoring. Geographic song variants with population‐specific signatures, or dialects, can affect territory formation and mate choice. Dialects are influenced by cultural evolution and natural selection and changes can accumulate even during the timescale of conservation interventions, such as translocations, reintroductions, and ex situ breeding. Information from existing research into avian vocalizations can be used to improve conservation planning and increase the success of interventions. Vocalizations can confer a number of benefits for conservation practitioners through monitoring, providing baseline data on populations and individuals. However, the influence of cultural variation on territory formation, mate choice, and gene flow should be taken into account because cultural differences could create obstacles for conservation programs that bring birds from multiple populations together and so reduce the success of interventions.
The cost of prevalent and incident cardiovascular disease in people with type 2 diabetes in Scotland: data from the Scottish Care Information–Diabetes Collaboration
Authors: McMeekin P. , Geue C. , Mocevic E. , Hoxer C. S. , Ochs A. , McGurnaghan S. , Colhoun H. M. , Wild S. H. , Wu O. ,   the Scottish Diabetes Research Network Epidemiology Subgroup
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimTo compare costs for three groups of people with type 2 diabetes, those at high risk of future cardiovascular disease, those without cardiovascular disease and those with established cardiovascular disease, and to also compare costs incurred by people with type 2 diabetes with an incident cardiovascular disease event with those who remain incident event‐free over a 3‐year period.MethodsData about people with type 2 diabetes in Scotland were obtained from the Scottish Care Information Diabetes registry. Data linkage was used to retrieve information on healthcare utilization, care home use and deaths. Productivity effects were estimated for those of non‐pensionable age. We estimated costs over 12 months (prevalent cardiovascular disease) and 3 years from incident cardiovascular disease event.ResultsMean annual cost per person with established cardiovascular disease was £6900, £3300 for a person at high risk of future cardiovascular disease, and £2500 for a person without cardiovascular disease and not at high risk. In year 1, the cost of an incident cardiovascular disease event was £16 700 compared with £2100 for people without an incident event. Over 2 years, the cumulative costs were £21 500 and £4200, and by year 3, £25 000 and £5900, respectively.ConclusionsCardiovascular disease in people with type 2 diabetes places a significant financial burden on healthcare and the wider economy. Our results emphasize the financial consequences of cardiovascular disease prevention strategies.