bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pain management practice patterns after hip arthroscopy: an international survey
Authors: Garcia Flávio L , Williams Brady T , Maheshwer Bhargavi , Bedi Asheesh , Wong Ivan H , Martin Hal D , Nho Shane J , Chahla Jorge 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Several post-operative pain control methods have been described for hip arthroscopy including systemic medications, intra-articular or peri-portal injection of local anesthetics and peripheral nerve blocks. The diversity of modalities used may reflect a lack of consensus regarding an optimal approach. The purpose of this investigation was to conduct an international survey to assess pain management patterns after hip arthroscopy. It was hypothesized that a lack of agreement would be present in the majority of the surgeons’ responses. A 25-question multiple-choice survey was designed and distributed to members of multiple orthopedic professional organizations related to sports medicine and hip arthroscopy. Clinical agreement was defined as &gt; 80% of respondents selecting a single answer choice, while general agreement was defined as &gt;60% of a given answer choice. Two hundred and fifteen surgeons completed the survey. Clinical agreement was only evident in the use of oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain management after hip arthroscopy. A significant number of respondents (15.8%) had to readmit a patient to the hospital for pain control in the first 30 days after hip arthroscopy in the past year. There is significant variability in pain management practice after hip arthroscopy. The use of oral NSAIDs in the post-operative period was the only practice that reached a clinical agreement. As the field of hip preservation surgery continues to evolve and expand rapidly, further research on pain management after hip arthroscopy is clearly needed to establish evidence-based guidelines and improve clinical practice.
Broad-band ‘spectro-temporal’ features of extragalactic black hole binaries LMC X-1 and LMC X-3: an AstroSat perspective
Authors: G R Bhuvana , D Radhika , Agrawal V K , Mandal S , Nandi A 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
We present the first results of extragalactic black hole (BH) X-ray binaries LMC X-1 and LMC X-3 using all the archival and legacy observations by AstroSat during the period of 2016–2020. Broad-band energy spectra (0.5–20 keV) of both sources obtained from the Soft X-ray Telescope and Large Area X-ray Proportional Counter on-board AstroSat are characterized by strong thermal disc blackbody component (kTin ∼ 1keV, $f_{\mathrm{ disc}}\gt 79{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) along with a steep power-law (Γ ∼ 2.4–3.2). Bolometric luminosity of LMC X-1 varies from $7{\,\mathrm{ to}\,}10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of Eddington luminosity (LEdd) and for LMC X-3 is in the range $7{-}13{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of LEdd. We study the long-term variation of light curve using MAXI data and find the fractional variance to be ${\sim}25{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for LMC X-1 and ${\sim}53{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for LMC X-3. We examine the temporal properties of both sources and obtain fractional rms variability of power density spectrum in the frequency range 0.002–10 Hz to be ${\sim}9{}-17{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for LMC X-1, and ${\sim}7{}-11{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for LMC X-3. The ‘spectro-temporal’ properties indicate both sources are in thermally dominated soft state. By modelling the spectra with relativistic accretion disc model, we determine the mass of LMC X-1 and LMC X-3 in the range $7.64{-}10.00$ and $5.35{-}6.22\, \mathrm{ M}_{\odot }$, respectively. We also constrain the spin of LMC X-1 to be in the range 0.82–0.92 and that of LMC X-3 in 0.22–0.41 with 90 per cent confidence. We discuss the implications of our results in the context of accretion dynamics around the BH binaries and compare it with the previous findings of both sources.
Resolved spectral variations of the centimetre-wavelength continuum from the ρ Oph W photodissociation region
Authors: Casassus Simon , Vidal Matías , Arce-Tord Carla , Dickinson Clive , White Glenn J , Burton Michael , Indermuehle Balthasar , Hensley Brandon 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Centimetre-wavelength radio continuum emission in excess of free–free, synchrotron, and Rayleigh–Jeans dust emission (excess microwave emission, EME), and often called ‘anomalous microwave emission’, is bright in molecular cloud regions exposed to UV radiation, i.e. in photodissociation regions (PDRs). The EME correlates with infrared (IR) dust emission on degree angular scales. Resolved observations of well-studied PDRs are needed to compare the spectral variations of the cm-continuum with tracers of physical conditions and of the dust grain population. The EME is particularly bright in the regions of the ρ Ophiuchi molecular cloud (ρ Oph) that surround the earliest type star in the complex, HD 147889, where the peak signal stems from the filament known as the ρ Oph W PDR. Here, we report on Australia Telescope Compact Array observations of ρ Oph W that resolve the width of the filament. We recover extended emission using a variant of non-parametric image synthesis performed in the sky plane. The multifrequency 17–39 GHz mosaics reveal spectral variations in the centimetre-wavelength continuum. At ∼30 arcsec resolutions, the 17–20 GHz intensities tightly follow the mid-IR, $I_\mathrm{cm} \propto I(8\, \mu$m), despite the breakdown of this correlation on larger scales. However, while the 33–39 GHz filament is parallel to Infrared Array Camera 8 μm, it is offset by 15–20 arcsec towards the UV source. Such morphological differences in frequency reflect spectral variations, which we quantify spectroscopically as a sharp and steepening high-frequency cutoff, interpreted in terms of the spinning dust emission mechanism as a minimum grain size $a_\mathrm{cutoff} \sim 6 \pm 1\,$Å that increases deeper into the PDR.
Correcting sky-quality-meter measurements for ageing effects using twilight as calibrator
Authors: Puschnig Johannes , Näslund Magnus , Schwope Axel , Wallner Stefan 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
In the last decade, numerous sky quality meters (SQMs) have been installed around the world, aiming to assess the temporal change of the night sky brightness, and thus the change in light pollution. However, it has become clear that SQM readings may be affected by ageing effects such as degradation of the sensor sensitivity and/or loss of transmissivity of optical components (filter, housing window). To date, the magnitude of the darkening has not been assessed in a systematic way. We report for the first time on the quantification of the SQM ageing effect and describe the applied method. We combine long-term SQM measurements obtained between 2011 and 2019 in Potsdam-Babelsberg (23 km to the south-west of the centre of Berlin), Vienna and Stockholm with a readily available empirical twilight model, which serves as a calibrator. Twilight SQM observations, calibrated for changing Sun altitudes, reveal a linear degradation of the measurement systems (SQM + housing window) with the following slopes: 34 ± 4, 46 ± 2 and 53 ± 2 mmagSQM arcsec−2 yr−1 for Stockholm, Potsdam-Babelsberg and Vienna, respectively. With the highest slope found in Vienna (latitude ∼48°) and the lowest one found in Stockholm (latitude ∼59°), we find an indication for the dependence of the trend on solar irradiance (which is a function of geographic latitude).
Population Dynamics and Structural Effects at Short and Long Range Support the Hypothesis of the Selective Advantage of the G614 SARS-CoV-2 Spike Variant
Authors: Trucchi Emiliano , Gratton Paolo , Mafessoni Fabrizio , Motta Stefano , Cicconardi Francesco , Mancia Filippo , Bertorelle Giorgio , D’Annessa Ilda , Di Marino Daniele 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 epidemics quickly propagated worldwide, sorting virus genomic variants in newly established propagules of infections. Stochasticity in transmission within and between countries or an actual selective advantage could explain the global high frequency reached by some genomic variants. Using statistical analyses, demographic reconstructions, and molecular dynamics simulations, we show that the globally invasive G614 spike variant 1) underwent a significant demographic expansion in most countries explained neither by stochastic effects nor by overrepresentation in clinical samples, 2) increases the spike S1/S2 furin-like site conformational plasticity (short-range effect), and 3) modifies the internal motion of the receptor-binding domain affecting its cross-connection with other functional domains (long-range effect). Our results support the hypothesis of a selective advantage at the basis of the spread of the G614 variant, which we suggest may be due to structural modification of the spike protein at the S1/S2 proteolytic site, and provide structural information to guide the design of variant-specific drugs.
Levels and distribution of tetrodotoxin in the blue-lined octopusHapalochlaena fasciatain Japan, with special reference to within-body allocation
Authors: Yamate Yuta , Takatani Tomohiro , Takegaki Takeshi 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTThe toxins present in poisonous and venomous animals have both offensive and defensive functions. The blue-lined octopus Hapalochlaena fasciata has tetrodotoxin (TTX) in various organs, including the salivary glands, muscles and skin, and TTX is assumed to be used in both offence and defence. In this study, we explore the evolution of toxicity in H. fasciata by measuring the levels and distribution of TTX in H. fasciata specimens collected in Japan and by investigating the TTX allocation within the body. TTX was detected in all 13 adults and 3 paralarvae studied. The concentration of TTX was highest in the anterior and posterior salivary glands, and the total amount of TTX was highest in the muscles and skin. Larger individuals had significantly higher amounts of TTX, but the TTX concentrations in the muscles and skin were not correlated with body weight. There were large individual differences in TTX concentration and some individuals showed extremely low TTX levels. These individual differences may be related to regional, seasonal and sexual differences, although the origin of TTX in this species is still unclear. Furthermore, we found a strong positive correlation between TTX concentrations in the posterior salivary gland and TTX concentrations in muscles and skin, with the former being c. 20 times greater than the latter. This suggests that the allocation ratio may not result from a plastic allocation, reflecting the TTX needs of each organ or the amount of available TTX, but rather may, at least partly, be evolutionarily fixed.
#FlavorsSaveLives: An Analysis of Twitter Posts Opposing Flavored E-cigarette Bans
Authors: Kirkpatrick Matthew G , Dormanesh Allison , Rivera Vanessa , Majmundar Anuja , Soto Daniel W , Chen-Sankey Julia Cen , Cruz Tess Boley , Unger Jennifer B , Allem Jon-Patrick 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Starting in 2019 policies restricting the availability of flavored e-cigarette products were proposed or implemented in the United States to curb vaping by youth. People took to Twitter to voice their opposition, referencing the phrase “Flavors Save Lives.” This study documented the emerging themes pertaining to “Flavors Saves Lives” over a 12-month period.

Methods
The study period was from May 1, 2019, to May 1, 2020. A stratified sampling procedure supplied 2500 tweets for analysis. Posts were classified by one or more of the following themes: (1) Political Referendum; (2) Institutional Distrust; (3) Individual Rights; (4) Misinformation; (5) THC Vaping is the Real Problem; (6) Smoking Cessation; (7) Adult Use; and (8) Not a Bot. The temporal pattern of tweets over the year was examined.

Results
Political Referendum (76.5%) and Institutional Distrust (31.3%) were the most prominent themes, followed by Not a Bot (11.0%), Individual Rights (10.4%), Adult Use (8.0%), Smoking Cessation (6.6%), Misinformation (5.9%), and THC Vaping is the Real Problem (3.5%). Total tweet frequencies increased in September 2019 and peaked in November 2019 before returning to relatively low numbers. Political Referendum and Institutional Distrust were consistently the most prevalent themes over time.

Conclusion
Twitter posts with the phrase “Flavors Save Lives” commonly discussed voting against political incumbents and mentioned distrust of government representatives. Findings demonstrated the possibility of near real-time Twitter monitoring of public opposition to flavor bans. These data may be valuable for designing tobacco control information campaigns in the future.

Implications
(a) Starting in 2019 policies restricting the availability of flavored e-cigarette products were proposed or implemented in the United States to curb vaping by youth. (b) This study content analyzed Twitter posts with the phrase “Flavors Save Lives” from a 12-month period to understand opposition to flavor restrictions. (c) Twitter posts commonly discussed voting against political incumbents and mentioned distrust of government representatives. (d) Findings demonstrated the possibility of near real-time Twitter monitoring of public opposition to flavor bans, and contribute to a more comprehensive assessment of different sub-population's responses to current and proposed tobacco control information policies.
Operational Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Long-lasting Insecticidal Nets on Human-Vector Contact in an African Urban Malaria Context
Authors: Traoré Dipomin F , Sagna André B , Assi Serge B , Tchiekoi Bertin N’Cho , Adja Akré M , Dagnogo Mamadou , Koffi Alphonsine A , Rogier Christophe , Remoue Franck 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Malaria is still a major public health concern in Côte d’Ivoire despite mass distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) as a key preventive strategy. This study intended to evaluate the operational effectiveness of LLINs on the level of human-vector contact using 1 antibody-based biomarker of exposure to Anopheles in urban areas.

Methods
This cross-sectional study collected socio-demographic data and use of LLINs from 9 neighborhoods in the city of Bouaké (Côte d’Ivoire). Dry blood spots performed in children aged &gt;6 months and adults were used to evaluate immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses to the Anopheles gSG6-P1 salivary peptide.

Results
IgG response levels to the salivary peptide were significantly lower in individuals who declared having “always” (n = 270) slept under an LLIN compared with those who had “often” (n = 2087) and “never” (n = 88) slept under an LLIN (P &lt; .0001). IgG response levels to gSG6-P1 between those who declared having “always” and “not always” slept under an LLIN varied according to neighborhood, socio-professional category, and age group.

Conclusions
The human IgG level to this gSG6-P1 salivary peptide could be a useful tool to evaluate the actual effectiveness of LLINs and help design behavioral change interventions that are crucial for sustaining universal coverage.
Screening for Sexually Transmitted Infections During Hepatitis C Treatment to Predict Reinfection Among People With HIV
Authors: Hill Lucas A , Martin Natasha K , Torriani Francesca J , Jain Sonia , Qin Huifang , Mathews Wm Christopher , Cachay Edward R 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Little is known about the risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) reinfection among people with HIV (PWH) in the direct-acting antiviral (DAA) era. We evaluate HCV reinfection rates in the DAA era and characterize presustained virologic response (SVR) behavioral risk factors associated with reinfection among PWH at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD).

Methods
Observational longitudinal cohort of PWH treated with DAAs between 2014 and July 2019 who achieved SVR and had at least 1 subsequent HCV viral load measurement. HCV reinfection was defined as new HCV viremia after SVR. We examined whether screening for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and substance use during the pre-SVR period could identify patients at greater risk for reinfection using exact Poisson regression to compare reinfection incidence rates between those with and without pre-SVR STIs and positive urine drug screens.

Results
Eight out of 200 PWH were reinfected with HCV a median ~26 weeks after SVR over 328.1 person-years of follow-up (PYFU), for an incidence rate of 2.44/100 PYFU. The observed HCV reinfection rate was highest among men who have sex with men who inject drugs (MSM IDU; 4.63/100 PFYU) and those aged 30–39 years (6.80/100 PYFU). Having a positive gonorrhea/chlamydia test during the pre-SVR period was a predictor of HCV reinfection.

Conclusions
The HCV reinfection rate in the DAA era is similar to the rate observed in the interferon era in San Diego in PWH. STI screening during HCV treatment may help determine those at higher risk for HCV reinfection.
Magnitude, Specificity, and Avidity of Sporozoite-Specific Antibodies Associate With Protection Status and Distinguish Among RTS,S/AS01 Dose Regimens
Authors: Dennison S Moses , Reichartz Matthew , Abraha Milite , Spreng Rachel L , Wille-Reece Ulrike , Dutta Sheetij , Jongert Erik , Alam S Munir , Tomaras Georgia D 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
The malaria vaccine, RTS,S/AS01, demonstrated an enhanced efficacy (86.7%) in a delayed third fractional dose (0.1.7Fx) regimen in controlled human malaria infection trials compared with a standard full-dose (0.1.2) regimen (62.5%). To understand the humoral component of the RTS,S/AS01 vaccine-induced protection against sporozoite infection in these 2 regimens, we investigated the serum antibody dynamics of 0.1.2 and 0.1.7Fx groups vaccinees.

Methods
The specific binding responses (magnitude) and dissociation rates (avidity) of serum antibodies interaction with a recombinant Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and peptides corresponding to the central repeat region (NANP6), the C-terminal region (PF16), and the N-terminal junction (N-interface) of CSP, respectively, were measured using a Biolayer Interferometry assay.

Results
On the day of challenge, higher NANP6-specific antibody responses were associated with protection in the 0.1.2 group. In contrast, slower antibody dissociation rates for CSP and PF16 binding were observed in the protected 0.1.7Fx group. Protected vaccinees of both groups exhibited 2- to 3-fold higher N-interface peptide binding antibody responses.

Conclusions
Unlike the standard dose, the delayed-fractional third dose of RTS,S/AS01 induced higher avidity CSP and PF16 binding antibodies that were associated with protection against sporozoite infection.
Self-Collected Oral Fluid Saliva Is Insensitive Compared With Nasal-Oropharyngeal Swabs in the Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Outpatients
Authors: Manabe Yukari C , Reuland Carolyn , Yu Tong , Azamfirei Razvan , Hardick Justin P , Church Taylor , Brown Diane M , Sewell Thelio T , Antar Annuka , Blair Paul W , Heaney Chris D , Pekosz Andrew , Thomas David L ,   Ambulatory COVID Team, Cox Andrea , Keller Sara , Keruly Jeanne , Klein Sabra , Mehta Shruti , Mostafa Heba , Pisanic Nora , Sauer Lauren , Tornheim Jeffrey , Townsend Jennifer , Armstrong Derek , Bachu Vismaya , Barnaba Brittany , Charles Curtisha , Dai Weiwei , Ganesan Abhinaya , Holden Jeffrey , Jang Minyoung , Johnstone J R , Kruczynski Kate , Kusemiju Oyinkansola , Lambrou Anastasia , Li Lucy , Littlefield Kirsten , Park Han-Sol , Tuchler Amanda , Montana Manuela Plazas , Prizzi Michelle , Ursin Rebecca 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic control will require widespread access to accurate diagnostics. Salivary sampling circumvents swab supply chain bottlenecks, is amenable to self-collection, and is less likely to create an aerosol during collection compared with the nasopharyngeal swab.

Methods
We compared real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction Abbott m2000 results from matched salivary oral fluid (gingival crevicular fluid collected in an Oracol device) and nasal-oropharyngeal (OP) self-collected specimens in viral transport media from a nonhospitalized, ambulatory cohort of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients at multiple time points. These 2 sentences should be at the beginning of the results.

Results
There were 171 matched specimen pairs. Compared with nasal-OP swabs, 41.6% of the oral fluid samples were positive. Adding spit to the oral fluid percent collection device increased the percent positive agreement from 37.2% (16 of 43) to 44.6% (29 of 65). The positive percent agreement was highest in the first 5 days after symptoms and decreased thereafter. All of the infectious nasal-OP samples (culture positive on VeroE6 TMPRSS2 cells) had a matched SARS-CoV-2 positive oral fluid sample.

Conclusions
In this study of nonhospitalized SARS-CoV-2-infected persons, we demonstrate lower diagnostic sensitivity of self-collected oral fluid compared with nasal-OP specimens, a difference that was especially prominent more than 5 days from symptom onset. These data do not justify the routine use of oral fluid collection for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 despite the greater ease of collection. It also underscores the importance of considering the method of saliva specimen collection and the time from symptom onset especially in outpatient populations.
Navigation-Guided Subaxial Cervical Pedicle Screws in Revision Spine Surgery: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Mao Jennifer Z , Agyei Justice O , Ghannam Moleca M , Khan Asham , Christensen Marc , Meyers Joshua E , Pollina John , Mullin Jeffrey P 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Traditionally, lateral mass screws (LMSs) have been the mainstay of posterior fixation in the subaxial spine. Although LMSs provide adequate fixation, cervical pedicle screws (CPSs) facilitate high fusion rates (90.5%) and provide for greater bone purchase, better reduction, lower rates of screw loosening or pull out, 2 times greater biomechanical advantage, superior stabilization, decreased development of pseudarthrosis, and decreased revision surgeries compared to LMSs.
1-4
In addition, CPSs can be a powerful bail-out option after lateral mass construct failure. Navigation-guided CPS placement has been reported to have an accuracy of 90.3%.
5
Navigation has the added advantage of mitigating screw malposition for the placement of CPS because of the smaller pedicle sizes and variability in cervical anatomy.
1,3,6
The potential risks of subaxial CPS placement include the risks of vertebral artery injury, spinal cord injury, and injury to adjacent neurovasculature.
2
The overall radiographic breach rate with intraoperative imaging is reported to range from 2.9% of 22.9%, with the majority of breaches occurring in the lateral direction.
7,8
Despite radiographic breaches, the occurrence of nerve root injury (0.31% per screw), vertebral artery injury (0.15% per screw), and spinal cord injury (0% per screw) is rare.
3,7
Here, we demonstrate navigation-assisted C1-C2 posterior fusion, with combined C1 LMSs and C2 pedicle screws with subaxial pedicle screw revision of prior failed instrumentation.
3

The patient gave informed consent for surgery and video recording. Institutional review board approval was deemed unnecessary.