bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Out‐of‐Plane Homojunction Enabled High Performance SnS2 Lateral Phototransistor
Authors: Gao Jing , Yang Hang , Mao Hongying , Liu Tao , Zheng Yue , Wang Yanan , Xiang Du , Han Cheng , Chen Wei 
Published: February 2020

Abstract2D materials have been extensively applied in electronic and optoelectronic devices due to their unique and extraordinary electrical and optical properties. Among them, tin disulfide (SnS2) has attracted enormous research interests due to its low‐cost, earth‐abundant, environment friendly properties as well as superior performance in photodetectors. Here, an outstanding in‐plane SnS2 phototransistor with an out‐of‐plane built‐in electric field enabled by molybdenum oxide (MoO3) surface functionalization is demonstrated. The photocarriers are generated and effectively separated by the vertical electric field, leading to a high photoresponsivity of 2.3 × 103 A⋅W−1, photoconductive gain of >105, external quantum efficiency exceeding 8%. It also demonstrates a low noise power density, revealing an ultrasensitive photodetection with specific detectivity up to 3.2 × 1012 Jones. The formation of the out‐of‐plane built‐in electric field is validated by the output electrical transport measurement of SnS2 vertical transistor, and further corroborated by in situ ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterizations. The findings promise surface functionalization as an effective approach to induce an internal electric field in 2D multilayer SnS2 towards its application in high performance photodetection.
Bromination: An Alternative Strategy for Non‐Fullerene Small Molecule Acceptors
Authors: Wang Huan , Liu Tao , Zhou Jiadong , Mo Daize , Han Liang , Lai Hanjian , Chen Hui , Zheng Nan , Zhu Yulin , Xie Zengqi , He Feng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe concept of bromination for organic solar cells has received little attention. However, the electron withdrawing ability and noncovalent interactions of bromine are similar to those of fluorine and chlorine atoms. A tetra‐brominated non‐fullerene acceptor, designated as BTIC‐4Br, has been recently developed by introducing bromine atoms onto the end‐capping group of 2‐(3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐inden‐1‐ylidene) malononitrile and displayed a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12%. To further improve its photovoltaic performance, the acceptor is optimized either by introducing a longer alkyl chain to the core or by modulating the numbers of bromine substituents. After changing each end‐group to a single bromine, the BTIC‐2Br‐m‐based devices exhibit an outstanding PCE of 16.11% with an elevated open‐circuit voltage of Voc = 0.88 V, one of the highest PCEs reported among brominated non‐fullerene acceptors. This significant improvement can be attributed to the higher light harvesting efficiency, optimized morphology, and higher exciton quenching efficiencies of the di‐brominated acceptor. These results demonstrate that the substitution of bromine onto the terminal group of non‐fullerene acceptors results in high‐efficiency organic semiconductors, and promotes the use of the halogen‐substituted strategy for polymer solar cell applications.
Tunable Optoelectronic Properties of WS2 by Local Strain Engineering and Folding
Authors: Khan Ahmed Raza , Lu Teng , Ma Wendi , Lu Yuerui , Liu Yun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLocal strain engineering is an exciting approach to tune optoelectronic properties of materials. Two‐dimensional (2D) materials such as 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are particularly well‐suited for this purpose due to their high flexibility and deformability. Local strain engineering in 2D TMDs is typically achieved via strained wrinkles. Wrinkles on thick TMD layers have been reported to show interesting photoluminescence enhancement due to bandgap modulation and funneling effect. However, the wrinkles in ultrathin TMDs are not investigated because they can easily fall down to form folds. Both wrinkles and folds are achieved simultaneously in 1–3L tungsten disulfide (WS2) using a new fabrication technique. A layer‐dependent reduction in surface potential is found for both folded layers and perfect packed layers due to the dominant interlayer screening effect. The strain produced from the wrinkles modulates the semiconductive junction properties significantly. Thermoionic modeling suggests that strained (1.6%) wrinkles can lower the Schottky barrier height (SBH) by 20%. Upon illumination, SBH reduces significantly due to photogenerated carriers. This is an important advance toward controlling the optoelectronic properties of 2D TMDs via strain engineering, with applications for electronics and optoelectronics devices.
Two time‐scale assignment with state extension for an autonomous helicopter
Authors: Yang Hao , Pei Hailong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a feedback control law based on two time‐scale assignment and state extension is implemented for the nonlinear non‐minimum phase dynamics of three degree‐of‐freedom autonomous unmanned helicopters (AUH). Unlike previous techniques, the design procedure does not require time‐scale decomposition between attitude angle and translational states. This reduces the requirements for the AUH model and makes the controller more reliable. Time‐scale assignment is implemented with partial internal dynamics. Exponential stability of the closed‐loop system is proved with the retained non‐minimum phase character, and simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented approach.
Supernova remnants in nearby galaxies
Authors: Sasaki Manami 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSupernova remnants (SNRs) are the aftermath of stellar explosions, which inject large amounts of energy into the interstellar medium (ISM), carving out new structures and transferring kinetic energy to the ISM. They also act as recycling centers, which return elements processed in stars to the ISM, and cosmic particle accelerators. The evolution of SNRs can be best studied in soft X‐ray line and continuum emission, since they mainly consist of very hot plasma (106–107 K). While it is difficult to observe these soft X‐ray sources in our own Galaxy due to absorption by matter in the Galactic plane, the Magellanic Clouds as well as the nearby spiral galaxies M 31 and M 33 are ideal targets to study both particular SNRs in detail and the SNR population in a galaxy as a whole. Various studies of SNRs in the Local Group galaxies have been carried out with XMM‐Newton or Chandra since the launch of the mission, and in the coming years the new X‐ray all‐sky survey performed with eROSITA will provide us with more complete data of SNRs in the nearby Universe to low flux limits.
Quality of reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of surgical randomized clinical trials
Authors: Yu J , Chen W , Wu P , Li Y 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Well designed and conducted systematic reviews are essential to clinical practice. Surgical intervention is more complex than medical intervention when considering special items related to procedures. There has been no cross-sectional study of the reporting quality of systematic reviews of surgical randomized trials focused on special items relating to surgical interventions.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey of systematic reviews of surgical randomized trials published in 2007 and 2017 was undertaken via a PubMed search. Quality of reporting was assessed by the PRISMA checklist, with intervention details containing 27 items. Univariable and multivariable linear regression was used to explore factors in the checklist as indicators of reporting quality.

Results
A total of 204 systematic reviews were identified. The median score for the PRISMA checklist was 22 (i.q.r. 20–24), and systematic reviews published in 2017 had a significantly higher median score than those from 2007 (22 (i.q.r. 21–24) versus 20 (17–22); P &lt; 0·001). Among the 27 items, 15 were reported adequately and three were reported poorly (in less than 50 per cent of reports). The proportion of other items reported ranged from 54·4 to 77·9 per cent. In multivariable analysis, systematic reviews published in 2017 (coefficient 0·59, 95 per cent c.i. 0·50 to 0·69) and Cochrane reviews (coefficient 0·67, 0·55 to 0·81) were associated with better reporting.

Conclusion
The quality of reporting of systematic reviews of surgical randomized trials has improved in the past 10 years. Some information relating to specific surgical interventions is, however, still reported poorly.
Development and validation of a novel nomogram for pretreatment prediction of liver metastasis in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Chen Shangxiang , Chen Shaojie , Lian Guoda , Li Yaqing , Ye Xijiu , Zou Jinmao , Li Ruomeng , Tan Ying , Li Xuanna , Zhang Mengfei , Huang Chunyu , Huang Chengzhi , Zhang Qiubo , Huang Kaihong , Chen Yinting 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeThe diagnostic value of nomogram in pancreatic cancer (PC) with liver metastasis (PCLM) is still largely unknown. We sought to develop and validate a novel nomogram for the prediction of liver metastasis in patients with PC.MethodAbout 604 pathologically confirmed PC patients from the Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) between July, 2001 and December, 2013 were retrospectively studied. The SYSUCC cohort was randomly assigned to as the training set and internal validation set. Using these two sets, we derived and validated a prognostic model by using concordance index and calibration curves. Another two independent cohorts between August, 2002 and December, 2013 from the Sun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital (SYSMH, n = 335) and Guangdong General Hospital (GDGH, n = 503) was used for external validation.ResultComputed tomography (CT) reported liver metastasis status, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level and differentiation type were identified as risk factors for PCLM in the training set. The final diagnostic model demonstrated good calibration and discrimination with a concordance index of 0.97 and had a robust internal validation. The score ability to diagnose PCLM was further externally validated in SYSMH and GDGH with a concordance index of 0.93. The model showed better calibration and discrimination than CT, CEA and differentiation in each cohort.ConclusionBased on a large multi‐institution database and on the routinely observed CT‐reported status, CEA level and tumor differentiation in clinical practice, we developed and validated a novel nomogram to predict PLCM.
Retracted: Sparse data inspired depth of urbanization in Zhejiang based on geographic information system and visual system
Authors: Li Jie , Hu Bin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the recent years, and also considering the rapid development of the urbanization, China has set up the higher requirements for modern urban planning concepts, methods, and means. Under the support of advanced technologies, it has become an inevitable trend to then make the full use of information technology to improve the design and management of city planning. Geographic information system (GIS) is a specific extremely essential spatial information system. It is a complex platform that collects, stores, manages, calculates, analyzes, displays, and describes geographical distribution data in all or part of the Earth's surface (including the atmosphere) space with the proper integration of the information processing and computer vision algorithms. In this paper, we apply the GIS and multimedia information systems to study the evaluation of local urbanization in Zhejiang. The multimedia system is designed to assist the GIS and the visualized model is presented to validate the proposed method. The results prove that the proposed is efficient.
Electrochemically and Photochemically Induced Hydrogen Evolution Catalysis with Cobalt Tetraazamacrocycles Occurs Through Different Pathways
Authors: Grau Sergi , Schilling Mauro , Moonshiram Dooshaye , Benet‐Buchholz Jordi , Luber Sandra , Llobet Antoni , Gimbert‐Suriñach Carolina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCobalt complexes containing equatorial tetraazamacrocyclic ligands are active catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction in pure aqueous conditions. We investigated the effect of different groups directly linked to the macrocyclic ligand (−NH−, −NCH3−, or −N(CH2OH)−). In electrochemically induced hydrogen evolution catalysis at pH 4, the rate determining step is the protonation of the reduced CoI species that gives a cobalt hydride (CoIII−H), a key intermediate towards the H−H bond formation. In sharp contrast, under photochemical conditions using [Ru(bpy)3]2+ (bpy=2,2’‐bipyridine) as a photosensitizer and ascorbate as sacrificial electron donor, the formation of a Co0 species that quickly protonates to give a CoII−H is proposed. In this scenario, the rate determining step is the H−H bond formation that occurs in an intermolecular fashion from the CoII−H species and a water molecule. Both mechanisms are supported by DFT calculations, which allowed us to estimate the pKa values of the CoIII−H and CoII−H species and transition states based on intramolecular and intermolecular H−H bond formation from CoII−H.
Improving the reliability of Byzantine fault‐tolerant distributed software‐defined networks
Authors: Moazzeni Shadi , Khayyambashi Mohammad Reza , Movahhedinia Naser , Callegati Franco 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThis paper presents a method to improve the reliability and fault tolerance of distributed software‐defined networks. This method is called “BIRDSDN (Byzantine‐Resilient Improved Reliable Distributed Software‐Defined Networks).” In BIRDSDN, a group communication is implemented among the controllers of the whole clusters. This method can detect the crash failure and Byzantine failure of any controller and undertakes a fast detection and recovery scheme to select the controllers to take over the orphan switches. BIRDSDN takes into account the reliability of the nodes considering the failure probability of intracluster and intercluster links, topology, load, and latency. The numerical results show that this approach performs better than the other approaches regarding failure detection, recovery, latency, throughput, reliability, and packet loss.
Remote sensing: generation of long‐term kelp bed data sets for evaluation of impacts of climatic variation
Authors: Hamilton Sara L. , Bell Tom W. , Watson James R. , Grorud‐Colvert Kirsten A. , Menge Bruce A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA critical tool in assessing ecosystem change is the analysis of long‐term data sets, yet such information is generally sparse and often unavailable for many habitats. Kelp forests are an example of rapidly changing ecosystems that are in most cases data poor. Because kelp forests are highly dynamic and have high intrinsic interannual variability, understanding how regional‐scale drivers are driving kelp populations—and particularly how kelp populations are responding to climate change—requires long‐term data sets. However, much of the work on kelp responses to climate change has focused on just a few, relatively long‐lived, perennial, canopy‐forming species. To understand how kelp populations with different life history traits are responding to climate‐related variability, we leverage 35 yr of Landsat satellite imagery to track the population size of an annual, ruderal kelp, Nereocystis luetkeana, across Oregon. We found high levels of interannual variability in Nereocystis canopy area and varying population trajectories over the last 35 yr. Surprisingly, Oregon Nereocystis population sizes were unresponsive to a 2014 marine heat wave accompanied by increases in urchin densities that decimated northern California Nereocystis populations. Some Oregon Nereocystis populations have even increased in area relative to pre‐2014 levels. Analysis of environmental drivers found that Nereocystis population size was negatively correlated with estimated nitrate levels and positively correlated with winter wave height. This pattern is the inverse of the predicted relationship based on extensive prior work on the perennial kelp Macrocystis pyrifera and may be related to the annual life cycle of Nereocystis. This article demonstrates (1) the value of novel remote sensing tools to create long‐term data sets that may challenge our understanding of nearshore marine species and (2) the need to incorporate life history traits into our theory of how climate change will shape the ocean of the future.
Analysis of thermal behavior of moving longitudinal porous fin wetted with water‐based SWCNTs and MWCNTs
Authors: B. J. Gireesha , G. Sowmya , S. Sindhu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this study, the consequences of natural convection and radiation on longitudinal porous fin are scrutinized numerically. Here, the fin is moving and is wetted with nanoliquid containing single‐walled carbon nanotubes and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Darcy's model is employed in modeling the present physical phenomenon. The derived steady‐state energy equation has been solved numerically via the Runge‐Kutta‐Fehlberg fourth‐fifth‐order method. The impact of significant parameters on the thermal performance of the wet fin has been illustrated through graphs for both types of carbon nanotubes. The comprehensive study of carbon nanotubes explores that better heat transfer from a wet fin can be achieved in the case of multiwalled carbon nanotubes.
Constructal design of multiscale elliptic tubes in crossflow
Authors: Waheed Mustafa Ahmed , Hussein Abdul Elqadir Hajir 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe optimal configuration of two‐scale elliptic tubes in crossflow is found on the basis of the constructal design. The larger tubes are installed inside a domain of fixed length and height. In the same domain, smaller tubes are inserted between the larger tubes in the entrance region at the mid leading edge to leading edge distance of the larger tubes. The spacing between the larger tubes, the semiminor axis of the larger tubes, the major axis of the smaller tubes, and the semiminor axis of the smaller tubes are varied inside the domain freely to find the optimal configuration. There are two optimal configurations: one without the smaller tubes and the other with the presence of the smaller tubes. Both the larger and the smaller tubes are heated at a constant surface temperature. The flow is induced by a fixed pressure difference. The equations for steady, laminar, two‐dimensional, and incompressible flow are solved by finite volume method. In the absence of the smaller tubes, the range of Bejan number (dimensionless pressure drop) is , and in the presence of the smaller tubes, Bejan number is Be = 105. The range of the dimensionless larger tubes semiminor axis is 0.1 ≤ B ≤ 0.4. Air is used to cool the row of the tubes with Prandtl number equal to 0.7. The results show that for different semiminor axes of the larger tubes, the heat transfer rate is enhanced when the smaller tubes are placed between the larger tubes.
A well‐tolerated new amino acid–based formula for cow's milk allergy
Authors: Fierro Vincenzo , Valluzzi Rocco L. , Banzato Claudia , Plaza Ma A. , Bosque Montserrat , Íbero Marcel , Echeverría Luis A. Z. , Mennini Maurizio , Dahdah Lamia , de Castellar Roser , Tort Gloria , Jiménez Jesus 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesInfants with cow's milk allergy (CMA) are in need of a substitute formula up to 2 years. The are three requisites for a substitute of milk in CMA: tolerability, nutritional adequacy, and cost‐effectiveness. We evaluate here the tolerability of a new amino acid–based infant formula for the management of CMA.MethodsIn a phase III/IV prospective, multicentre, open‐label, international study, infants and children with immunoglobulin E‐mediated CMA were exposed to a diagnostic double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled food challenge with a new amino acid formula by Blemil Plus Elemental using Neocate as the placebo. If tolerant to it, the study formula was integrated into the patients’ usual daily diet for 7 days. Efficacy on day 7 was assessed in terms of symptoms associated with CMA, amount of formula consumed, nutritional and energy intake, and anthropometric data.ResultsThirty children (17 M and 13 F; median age, 1.58; range, 0.08‐12.83 years) completed the open challenge and were able to consume the study formula for at least 7 days. No signs or symptoms of allergic reactions were recorded among children assuming either the test or the control formula, with a lower 95% one‐sided confidence interval for the proportion of subjects who did not experience allergic reactions above 90%. Sixteen patient under the age of two continued with the optional extension phase.ConclusionsThe study formula meets the American Academy of Pediatric criteria for hypoallergenicity and is well tolerated in short‐term use. During optional phase, growth of the patients was not hindered by the study formula.
Biological responses of dental pulp cells to surfaces modified by collagen 1 and fibronectin
Authors: Omer Abedelfattah , Al‐sharabi Niyaz , Qiu Yingfei , Xue Ying , Li Yi , Fujio Masahito , Mustafa Kamal , Xing Zhe 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCollagen 1 (COL1) and fibronectin (FN) are extracellular matrix proteins that contribute in cell activity and involve in regulating dental pulp cells (DPCs). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of COL1 and FN on the behavior of DPCs. Here, DPCs were grown under three different conditions: COL1 coating, FN coating, and control group without coating. The proliferation and differentiation of DPCs were investigated. DPCs in osteogenic media were able to differentiate into osteoblastic phenotype. The morphological analysis revealed no obvious difference on the shape of cells. Cells had spread well on both coated and noncoated culture plates with slightly more spreading in the coated plates after 24 hr. The MTT analysis did not demonstrate a significant difference at 1 and 3 hr among the groups, but interestingly, the analysis disclosed more cells on the coated plates after longer cultures, which indicated a higher proliferative capacity in response to COL1 and FN. RT‐PCR, Western Blotting and mineralization assays did not reveal significant differences between the coated and noncoated surfaces in relation to osteogenic differential potential. Our data suggested that the surface coating of COL1 and FN were able to promote cellular proliferation and the osteogenic differentiation tendency of DPCs was also observed in vitro.
A novel pathway to produce biodegradable and bioactive PLGA/TiO2nanocomposite scaffolds for tissue engineering: Air–liquid foaming
Authors: Pelaseyed Seyedeh S. , Madaah Hosseini Hamid R. , Samadikuchaksaraei Ali 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPoly (lactate‐co‐glycolate) (PLGA) is a typical biocompatible and biodegradable synthetic polymer. The addition of TiO2nanoparticles has shown to improve compressive modulus of PLGA scaffolds and reduced fast degradation. A novel method has been applied to fabricate PLGA/TiO2scaffolds without using any inorganic solvent, with aim of improving the biocompatibility, macroscale morphology, and well inter‐connected pores efficacy: Air–Liquid Foaming. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) revealed an increase in interconnected porosity of up to 98%. As well the compressive testing showed enhancement in modulus. Bioactivity and in vitro degradation were studied with immersion of scaffolds in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) and incubation in Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS), respectively. Formation of apatite layer corroborated the bioactivity after soaking in SBF. Degradation rate of scaffolds was increased with excessive addition of TiO2contents withal. The in vitro cultured human‐like MG63 ostoblast cells showed attachment, proliferation, and nontoxcitiy in contact, using MTT assay [3‐(4, 5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2, 5‐Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide]. According to the results, the novel method utilized in this study generated porous viable tissue without using any inorganic solvent or porogen can be a promising candidate in further treatment of orthopedic patients effectively.