bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing indicators for quality assurance in cytopathology. Catalan Society of Cytopathology
Authors: Tresserra Francisco , Temprana Jordi , Vasquez Carem , Lloveras Belen , Català Isabel , Tarroch Xavier , Combalia Neus , Alameda Francesc , Bosch Ramon , Gallardo Joana , Mancebo Eva , Fabra Gemma , Dinares Maria Carme , Santacana Maria , Gonzalez Clarisa , Pérez‐Ochoa Francisco 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundQuality control in cytology must be established through reliable and easily measurable indicators.MethodsFrom the Catalan Society of Cytopathology a group of experts has been established to write a document with 13 indicators that cover the entire cytological process, based on its Cytopathology Quality Guide. It has been elaborated through guides and documents with scientific evidence and DELPHI methodology in order to reach a structured consensus on the opinions of a group of experts.ResultsThirteen indicators, covering all the cytologic process are expressed in worksheets specifying all their characteristics.ConclusionThis document allows the control of all stages of the cytological process.
Localized cutaneous infection caused by Scedosporium apiospermum: Report of a case diagnosed on cytology
Authors: Agarwal Radhika , Singh Meeta , Chawla Rohit , Kumar Guddanti D. , Mishra Anurag , Jain Shyama 
Published: October 2020

AbstractScedosporium apiospermum (also known as Pseudallescheria boydii) is a ubiquitous filamentous fungus. This fungus is known as a cause of mycetoma, which may occur in a normal immune host following trauma and nonmycetoma‐localized skin infections without grain production which are much rarer. However, in an immunocompromised host, S. apiospermum may cause a life‐threatening infection. We describe a case of S. apiospermum infection of the left middle finger in an immunocompetent patient, which was diagnosed on cytology and later confirmed on culture.
Effect of kinematic interaction on seismic response of offshore wind turbines on monopiles
Authors: Kaynia Amir M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInterest in renewable energy over the past decade has motivated a remarkable research on offshore wind energy. Due to the environmental loading conditions in the early developments of offshore wind farms, the focus of the research and engineering has been on aerodynamic and hydrodynamic subjects. However, earthquake has turned out to be a major design concern in seismic areas such as East Asia, Southern Europe, and United States. The topics include, among others, nonlinear response of foundations, soil liquefaction, and their impacts on foundation performance. An important topic in seismic soil‐structure interaction (SSI) analysis is the kinematic seismic response of foundations. This information is crucial for analyses based on the substructuring approach where both kinematic response and foundation impedances are key parameters. While considerable research has been spent on the latter topic, very little has been reported on the kinematic interaction. Large monopoles with low aspect ratios tend to rotate much more than regular piles in pile group foundations due to seismic waves. The rotation leads to additional load on the tower and the turbine. This article uses a rigorous numerical model for monopole‐soil interaction in layered soil and computes both rotational and horizontal responses at the pile head (seabed) as functions of frequency. A suite of generic homogeneous and heterogeneous soil profiles with shear moduli representative of clay (generally linear) and sand (generally parabolic) are considered in these analyses. Through representative analyses, both in frequency domain and time domain, it is illustrated how the kinematic interaction influences the earthquake loads imparted to an offshore wind turbine (OWT).
Seismic control of super high‐rise structures with double‐layer tuned particle damper
Authors: Shen Botan , Xu Weibing , Wang Jin , Chen Yanjiang , Yan Weiming , Huang Jianhui , Tang Zhenyun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEnergy dissipation is an important method for improving the seismic performance of super high‐rise (SHR) structures. However, few quantitative studies have focused on new energy dissipation methods and their application in SHR structures, especially for those under long‐period ground motion, including near‐fault pulse‐type (NFPT) ground motion. Thus, in this study, a 1/20‐scale model of a typical SHR structure was designed and manufactured, and various earthquake waves were selected based on the site condition of the structure, such as non‐long‐period (NLP) ground motion, non‐pulse‐like long‐period (NPLP) ground motion, and NFPT ground motion. Then, a double‐layer tuned particle damper (DTPD) was fabricated, its parameters were optimized, and a design method was proposed. Finally, a series of shaking table tests were performed on the scaled model with and without DTPD. The results indicated that the dynamic responses were much greater under NPLP and NFPT than under NLP ground motion. The dynamic responses of the SHR structure were more evident when the value of velocity pulse period was close to that of the natural vibration period of the SHR structure. Moreover, the top floor of the SHR structure clearly exhibited whipcord phenomenon under NPLP and NFPT ground motions. DTPD can effectively decrease the dynamic response of SHRs. The damping performance of the DTPD under NPLP and NFPT was better than that under NLP ground motion. In addition, a smaller damping ratio at the connection between the DTPD and the structure induced a better damping performance from the DTPD.
Dorsolateral prefrontal circuit effective connectivity mediates the relationship between white matter structure andPASAT‐3 performance in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Meng Dewen , Welton Thomas , Elsarraj Afaf , Morgan Paul S. , das Nair Roshan , Constantinescu Cris S. , Evangelou Nikos , Auer Dorothee P. , Dineen Rob A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThree decades ago a series of parallel circuits were described involving the frontal cortex and deep grey matter structures, with putative roles in control of motor and oculomotor function, cognition, behaviour and emotion. The circuit comprising the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, caudate, globus pallidus and thalamus has a putative role in regulating executive functions. The aim of this study is to investigate effective connectivity (EC) of the dorsolateral‐prefrontal circuit and its association with PASAT‐3 performance in people with multiple sclerosis(MS). We use Granger causality analysis of resting‐state functional MRI from 52 people with MS and 36 healthy people to infer that reduced EC in the afferent limb of the dorsolateral prefrontal circuit occurs in the people with MS with cognitive dysfunction (left:p= .006; right:p= .029), with bilateral EC reductions in this circuit resulting in more severe cognitive dysfunction than unilateral reductions alone (p= .002). We show that reduced EC in the afferent limb of the dorsolateral prefrontal circuit mediates the relationship between cognitive performance and macrostrucutral and microstructural alterations of white matter tracts in components of the circuit. Specificity is shown by the absence of any relationship between cognition and EC in the analogous and anatomically proximal motor circuit. We demonstrate good stability of the EC measures in people with MS over an interval averaging 8‐months. Key positive and negative results are replicated in an independent cohort of people with MS. Our findings identify the dorsolateral prefrontal circuit as a potential target for therapeutic strategies aimed at improving cognition in people with MS.
Atorvastatin and pravastatin stimulate nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species generation, affect mitochondrial network architecture and elevate nicotinamide N‐methyltransferase level in endothelial cells
Authors: Dymkowska Dorota , Wrzosek Antoni , Zabłocki Krzysztof 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStatins belong to the most often prescribed medications, which efficiently normalise hyperlipidaemia and prevent cardiovascular complications in obese and diabetic patients. However, beside expected therapeutic results based on the inhibition of 3‐hydroxyl‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA reductase, these drugs exert multiple side effects of poorly understood characteristic. In this study, side effects of pravastatin and atorvastatin on EA.hy926 endothelial cell line were investigated. It was found that both statins activate proinflammatory response, elevate nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and stimulate antioxidative response in these cells. Moreover, only slight stimulation of the mitochondrial biogenesis and significant changes in the mitochondrial network organisation have been noted. Although biochemical bases behind these effects are not clear, they may partially be explained as an elevation of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity and an increased activating phosphorylation of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), which were observed in statins‐treated cells. In addition, both statins increased nicotinamide N‐methyltransferase (NNMT) protein level that may explain a reduced fraction of methylated histone H3. Interestingly, a substantial reduction of the total level of histone H3 in cells treated with pravastatin but not atorvastatin was also observed. These results indicate a potential additional biochemical target for statins related to reduced histone H3 methylation due to increased NNMT protein level. Thus, NNMT may directly modify gene activity.
Plasma complement activation mechanisms differ in ornate (Terrapene ornata ornata) and eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina)
Authors: Adamovicz Laura , Baker Sarah J. , Merchant Mark , Darville Lancia , Allender Matthew C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEastern (Terrapene carolina carolina) and ornate (Terrapene ornata ornata) box turtles have robust plasma antibacterial activity, however, the mechanism behind this activity is unknown. We used sheep red blood cell (SRBC) hemolysis assays, mannan‐affinity chromatography, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) to explore the mechanisms of complement activity in box turtles. Plasma from both species demonstrated volume, time, and temperature‐dependent SRBC hemolysis, with significantly greater hemolytic activity in ornate box turtle plasma. Hemolytic activity was highly attenuated following treatment with heat, EDTA, and salicylaldoxime in both species, but was unchanged after treatment with methylamine and ammonium hydroxide. Two abundant mannan‐binding proteins (presumed C‐type lectins) were identified in eastern box turtle plasma using SDS‐PAGE and MALDI‐TOF, but ornate box turtles did not express either protein. Eastern box turtles appear to rely on the lectin pathway of complement activation while ornate box turtles utilize the alternative pathway. This study provides further evidence that mechanisms underlying immune function are not always conserved between closely related species. This finding may have important implications for explaining species differences in susceptibility to emerging threats such as disease, toxicants, and climate change.
Sex‐based trade‐offs in the innate and acquired immune systems of Sternotherus minor
Authors: López‐Pérez Jorge E. , Meylan Peter A. , Goessling Jeffrey M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLongevity patterns in most vertebrates suggest that females benefit most from maintenance investment. A reversed longevity pattern in loggerhead musk turtles (Sternotherus minor) allowed us to test trade‐offs between maintenance and survivorship. We tested the hypothesis that the sex with greater longevity has greater maintenance than the sex with shorter longevity. We also compared the following parameters between sexes: Bactericidal ability (BA) and heterophil:lymphocyte ratios (HLR). Baseline blood samples were collected from turtles in the field; a subset of turtles was returned to a laboratory for experiments of acquired immune responses to sheep red blood cells (SRBC). We found no support for the original hypothesis of reversal in sex‐dependent immune trade‐offs (difference between sex SRBC titers: p = .102; interaction between treatment and sex: p = .177; difference between treatments: p < .001; effect of sex on BA: p = .830; effect of sex on HLR: p = .717). However, we did find support for sex‐dependent differences in immunity in the relationship between HLR and body condition (BCI) (effect of BCI on HLR: p = .015). In field conditions, we found that males with higher body condition indices express stressed phenotypes more than males with lower body condition indices (p = .002). However, females expressed similar stress loads across all body conditions (p = .900). Testosterone concentrations were assayed in free‐living turtles and were not related to any of the immune parameters. Our results suggest that the immune systems play an important role in balancing sex‐specific responses to different selective pressures in S. minor.
Efficacy of silk fibroin biomaterial vehicle for in vivo mucosal delivery of Griffithsin and protection against HIV and SHIV infection ex vivo
Authors: Crakes Katti R , Herrera Carolina , Morgan Jessica L , Olstad Katie , Hessell Ann J , Ziprin Paul , LiWang Patricia J , Dandekar Satya 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe majority of new HIV infections occur through mucosal transmission. The availability of readily applicable and accessible platforms for anti‐retroviral (ARV) delivery is critical for the prevention of HIV acquisition through sexual transmission in both women and men. There is a compelling need for developing new topical delivery systems that have advantages over the pills, gels and rings, which currently fail to guarantee protection against mucosal viral transmission in vulnerable populations due to lack of user compliance. The silk fibroin (SF) platform offers another option that may be better suited to individual circumstances and preferences to increase efficacy through user compliance. The objective of this study was to test safety and efficacy of SF for anti‐HIV drug delivery to mucosal sites and for viral prevention.MethodsWe formulated a potent HIV inhibitor Griffithsin (Grft) in a mucoadhesive silk fibroin (SF) drug delivery platform and tested the application in a non‐human primate model in vivo and a pre‐clinical human cervical and colorectal tissue explant model. Both vaginal and rectal compartments were assessed in rhesus macaques (Mucaca mulatta) that received SF (n = 4), no SF (n = 7) and SF‐Grft (n = 11). In this study, we evaluated the composition of local microbiota, inflammatory cytokine production, histopathological changes in the vaginal and rectal compartments and mucosal protection after ex vivo SHIV challenge.ResultsEffective Grft release and retention in mucosal tissues from the SF‐Grft platform resulted in protection against HIV in human cervical and colorectal tissue as well as against SHIV challenge in both rhesus macaque vaginal and rectal tissues. Mucoadhesion of SF‐Grft inserts did not cause any inflammatory responses or changes in local microbiota.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that in vivo delivery of SF‐Grft in rhesus macaques fully protects against SHIV challenge ex vivo after two hours of application and is safe to use in both the vaginal and rectal compartments. Our study provides support for the development of silk fibroin as a highly promising, user‐friendly HIV prevention modality to address the global disparity in HIV infection.
Pregnancy outcome in women with Gaucher disease type 1 who had unplanned pregnancies during eliglustat clinical trials
Authors: Lukina Elena , Balwani Manisha , Belmatoug Nadia , Watman Nora , Hughes Derralynn , Gaemers Sebastiaan J. M. , Foster Meredith C. , Lewis Grace , Peterschmitt M. Judith 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGaucher disease type 1 (GD1) is an inherited lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficient enzymatic activity of acid β‐glucosidase, resulting in accumulation of its substrate glucosylceramide, leading to debilitating visceral, hematologic, and skeletal manifestations. Women with GD1 are at increased risk for complications during pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum. Treatment with enzyme replacement therapy is generally recommended before and during pregnancy to reduce risks. Eliglustat, an oral substrate‐reduction therapy, is a first‐line treatment for adults with GD1 adults who have extensive, intermediate, or poor CYP2D6‐metabolizer phenotypes (>90% of patients). We report on pregnancy outcomes among women in eliglustat trials who had unplanned pregnancies and female partners of men in the trials. In four phase 2 and 3 eliglustat trials of 393 adults with GD1, women of childbearing potential were required to use contraception, have monthly pregnancy tests, and discontinue eliglustat promptly if pregnant. In phase 2 and 3 trials, 18 women had 19 pregnancies, resulting in 14 healthy infants from 13 pregnancies (one set of twins), three elective terminations, one ectopic pregnancy, one spontaneous abortion, and one in utero death. Median estimated eliglustat exposure duration during pregnancy was 38 days. In phase 1 trials (non‐GD1 subjects), one woman had a spontaneous abortion. Partners of 16 eliglustat‐treated men with GD1 had 18 pregnancies, all resulting in healthy infants. Eliglustat is not approved during pregnancy due to limited data. Guidelines for clinicians and patients with GD that address use of eliglustat in women of childbearing potential are needed.
Comparison of Modified NUTRIC, NRS‐2002, and MUST Scores in Iranian Critically Ill Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Units: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Majari Katrin , Imani Hossein , Hosseini Saeed , Amirsavadkouhi Ali , Ardehali Seyed Hossein , Khalooeifard Razieh 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere are no data on the validity of the modified Nutrition Risk in the Critically Ill (m‐NUTRIC)‐score and Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS‐2002)‐score in Iranian intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) is still used in most Iranian ICUs. Our goal was to test the validity of these tools in the Iranian ICU population.MethodsThe association between nutrition risk scores and outcomes (longer length of stay [LOS], prolonged mechanical ventilation [MV], and 28‐day mortality) was assessed using the multivariable logistic regression. The performance of nutrition risk tools to predict 28‐day mortality was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic curve. A logistic regression model was used to test the interaction between nutrition risk category, energy adequacy, and 28‐day mortality.ResultsFour hundred forty patients were included. Both the m‐NUTRIC and NRS‐2002 scores were significantly associated with all 3 outcomes (all P < .001). However, no significant association was identified between the MUST and all 3 outcomes (P > .05).The area under the curve for predicting 28‐day mortality was 0.806 (95% CI, 0.756–0.851), 0.695 (95% CI, 0.632–0.752), and 0.551 (95% CI, 0.483–0.612) for m‐NUTRIC, NRS‐2002, and MUST, respectively. Greater energy adequacy was associated with a lower 28‐day mortality rate in patients with high m‐NUTRIC but not in those with low m‐NUTRIC score (P interaction = .015).ConclusionIn the Iranian ICU population, the m‐NUTRIC score may be a valid tool for identifying patients who would benefit from more aggressive nutrition therapy.
Initiation and Termination in Styrene Free‐Radical Polymerization Initiated by Redox Initiation
Authors: Han Hongfei , Li Jianhan , Huang Wenyan , Jiang Qimin , Jiang Li , Xue Xiaoqiang , Yang Hongjun , Jiang Bibiao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHydrogen peroxide and hydroperoxides with substituents of different size are combined with ferrous sulfate to form redox initiation systems, which are used to initiate the polymerization of styrene in emulsion. Gas chromatography and size‐exclusion chromatography are used to measure the monomer conversion and the molecular weight of the polystyrene. Nuclear magnetic resonance is used to identify the characteristic structures, quantitative information is used to understand the polymerization. The results suggest that the initiation of the primary radicals directly depend on the size of the substitute, hydroxyl radical shows almost no selectivity between head‐addition and tail‐addition during initiation (Fhi = 47.4%). But for primary radicals with big substitute groups, for example, t‐butyl and cumyl hydroperoxides, tail‐addition takes advantages over head‐addition during initiation (Fhi ≈80%). As for the termination mechanism, it mainly depends on the solubility of the peroxide in water, the interfacial area of the particle as well as the diffusion rate of the primary radical in aqueous phase. Primary termination dominates in the polymerization initiated by hydroperoxide with poor solubility in water, for example, Fpt = 75–80% for t‐butyl and cumyl hydroperoxides. But Fpt is only 18.3% in the polymerization initiated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), indicating coupling termination predominately occurred because H2O2 has excellent solubility in water.
Pelvic floor morphometrical and functional changes immediately after pelvic floor muscle training and at 1‐year follow‐up, in older incontinent women
Authors: Cacciari Licia P. , Morin Mélanie , Mayrand Marie‐Hélène , Tousignant Michel , Abrahamowicz Michal , Dumoulin Chantale 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsTo compare the effects of group‐based and individual physiotherapy for stress or mixed urinary incontinence (UI) on pelvic floor morphometry, pelvic floor muscle (PFM) function, and related self‐efficacy, immediately after treatment and at 1 year.MethodsThis is a planned secondary analysis of the group rehabilitation or individual physiotherapy study, an assessor‐blinded, randomized, noninferiority trial. Eligible participants included 362 community‐dwelling older women with symptoms of stress/mixed UI. After learning how to contract PFMs, participants completed 12 weeks of PFM training, either individually (one‐on‐one) or as part of a group (eight women). Pelvic floor transperineal ultrasound volumes (morphometry), PFM intravaginal dynamometric data (function), and self‐efficacy in performing PFM exercises were acquired at baseline, posttreatment, and at 1 year.ResultsGroups were comparable at all time points. Immediately posttreatment, both groups demonstrated significant changes in pelvic floor morphometry during coughs, and in PFM function during contractions and coughs. Participants also reported improved self‐efficacy in performing PFM exercises. Results were sustained at 1 year. When participants coughed, pelvic floor structures were better supported (reflected by less caudal movement of the puborectalis sling and a smaller opening of the levator hiatus) in a pattern consistent with the “knack” strategy. Furthermore, both interventions resulted in stronger, faster, more coordinated, and more endurant PFMs.ConclusionIn older women with stress or mixed UI, both individual and group‐based PFM training resulted in comparable improvements in overall PFM function, pelvic floor morphometry during coughs, and related self‐efficacy in performing PFM exercises, which were sustained at 1 year.
Numerical implementation of nonlinear system of fractional Volterra integral–differential equations by Legendre wavelet method and error estimation
Authors: Shen Lijing , Zhu Shuai , Liu Bingcheng , Zhang Zirui , Cui Yuanda 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the current study, a numerical scheme for solving the nonlinear system of fractional Volterra integro‐differential equations via Legendre wavelet is proposed. The Legendre wavelet operational matrix of fractional integration is derived and utilized to alter the main system to a system of algebraic equations. In addition, the error estimate of the original system is investigated in detail. Lastly, several numerical examples are set forth to test the proposed method and the obtained numerical results are compared with those from the CAS wavelet method.