bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatially Restricted Immune Responses Allow for Root Meristematic Activity During Bacterial Colonisation
Authors: Emonet Aurélia , Zhou Feng , Vacheron Jordan , Heiman Clara Margot , Tendon Valérie Dénervaud , Ma Ka-Wai , Schulze-Lefert Paul , Keel Christoph , Geldner Niko 
Published: August 2020

SummaryPlants circumscribe microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP)-triggered immune responses to weak points of the roots. This spatially restricted immunity was suggested to avoid constitutive responses to rhizosphere microbiota. To demonstrate its relevance, we combined cell-type specific expression of the plant flagellin receptor (FLS2) with fluorescent defence markers and mapped immune competency at cellular resolution. Our analysis distinguishes cell-autonomous and non-cell autonomous responses and reveals lignification to be tissue-independent, contrasting cell-type specific suberisation. Importantly, our analysis divides the non-responsive meristem into a central zone refractory to FLS2 expression, and a cortex that becomes highly sensitised by FLS2 expression, causing meristem collapse upon MAMP exposure. Meristematic epidermal expression generates super-competent lines that detect native bacterial flagellin and bypass the absence of response to commensals, providing a powerful tool for studying root immunity. Our precise manipulations and read-outs demonstrate incompatibility of meristematic activity and defence and the importance of cell-resolved studies of plant immunity.
Seed hemicelluloses tailor mucilage properties and salt tolerance
Authors: Yang Bo , Hofmann Florian , Usadel Björn , Voiniciuc Cătălin 
Published: August 2020

SummaryWhile Arabidopsis seed coat epidermal cells have become an excellent genetic system to study the biosynthesis and structural roles of various cell wall polymers, the physiological function of the secreted mucilaginous polysaccharides remains ambiguous. Seed mucilage is shaped by two distinct classes of highly substituted hemicelluloses along with cellulose and structural proteins, but their interplay has not been explored.We deciphered the functions of four distinct classes of cell wall polymers by generating a series of double mutants with defects in heteromannan, xylan, cellulose, or the arabinogalactan protein SALT-OVERLY SENSITIVE 5 (SOS5), and evaluating their impact on mucilage architecture and on seed germination during salt stress.We discovered thatmuci10seeds, lacking heteromannan branches, had elevated tolerance to salt stress, while heteromannan elongation mutants exhibited reduced germination in CaCl2. In contrast, xylan made byMUCILAGE-RELATED21(MUCI21) was found to be required for the adherence of mucilage pectin to microfibrils made by CELLULOSE SYNTHASE5 (CESA5) as well as to a SOS5-mediated network.Our results indicate that the substitution of xylan and glucomannan in seeds can fine-tune mucilage adherence and salt tolerance, respectively. The study of germinating seeds can thus provide insights into the synthesis, modification and function of complex glycans.
Structure-Based Design of a Cyclic Peptide Inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease
Authors: Kreutzer Adam G. , Krumberger Maj , Parrocha Chelsea Marie T. , Morris Michael A. , Guaglianone Gretchen , Nowick James S. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the design and study of a first-in-class cyclic peptide inhibitor against the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro). The cyclic peptide inhibitor is designed to mimic the conformation of a substrate at aC-terminal autolytic cleavage site of Mpro. Synthesis and evaluation of a first-generation cyclic peptide inhibitor reveals that the inhibitor is active against Mproin vitroand is non-toxic toward human cells in culture. The initial hit described in this manuscript, UCI-1, lays the groundwork for the development of additional cyclic peptide inhibitors against Mprowith improved activities.
Gender as a Social Determinant of Menstrual Health: A Mixed Methods Study Among Indian Adolescent Girls and Boys
Authors: Gundi Mukta , Subramanyam Malavika Ambale 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGender bias in the patriarchal Indian society becomes evident in the form of worse sexual and reproductive health outcomes for girls than boys. While girls face menstrual taboos that affect their health, boys’ understanding of, and participation in, the menstruation discourse remains limited. We investigate how gender through its micro-interactional and macro-structural ways makes menstruation a gendered experience for adolescents; how various social determinants influence girls’ gendered menstruation experience across social domains; and whether the lived gendered experience of menstruation harms girls’ health.Using a sequential mixed-methods design semi-structured interviews of 21 boys and girls each; 12 adult key-respondent interviews; and a cross-sectional survey of 1421 adolescents from urban, rural and tribal settings of Nashik district, India, were conducted. Applying social constructivist theory and gender analysis framework, we thematically analysed the qualitative data. Multivariable regression analysis of survey data yielded risk ratios.Adolescents’ experience of menstruation was gendered. Fewer boys (versus girls) reported receiving information in schools [Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) at 95% CI: 0.34 (0.24, 0.49)]. Girls’ gendered menstrual experiences varied across social domains and various socioeconomic backgrounds. Girls’ menstrual health was poorer among those with a lived experience of gendered menstruation [IRR: 0.22 (0.05, 0.90)]. Key respondents shared the need to engage boys in the menstruation discourse though apprehensive regarding its consequences. Gender bias along with other social factors negatively influence social construction regarding menstruation. Further, the discrimination is embodied by girls as poor health, thus perpetuating health inequalities across socioeconomic settings.
Pollen dispensing schedules in buzz-pollinated plants: Experimental comparison of species with contrasting floral morphologies
Authors: Kemp Jurene E. , Vallejo-Marín Mario 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn buzz-pollinated plants, bees apply vibrations to remove pollen from anthers that have small apical pores or slits. These poricidal anthers potentially function as mechanism to stagger pollen release, but this has rarely been tested across plant species differing in anther morphology.InSolanumsectionAndroceras, three pairs of buzz-pollinatedSolanumspecies have undergone independent evolutionary shifts between large- and small-flowered taxa. These shifts in flower size are accompanied by replicate changes in anther morphology, and we used these shifts in anther morphology to characterise the association between anther morphology and pollen dispensing schedules. We characterised pollen dispensing schedules by applying simulated bee-like vibrations directly to anthers to elicit pollen release. We then compared pollen dispensing schedules across anther morphologies, and we further investigated how vibration velocity affects pollen release. Finally, we assessed whether particular anther traits, presented in the Buchmann-Hurley model, can predict pollen dispensing schedules.We show that replicate transitions inSolanumanther morphology are associated with consistent changes in pollen dispensing schedules. We found that small-flowered taxa with small anthers release their pollen at higher rates than their large-flowered counterparts, showing an association between general anther morphology and pollen dispensing. Further, higher vibration velocities resulted in quicker pollen dispensing and more total pollen released, which suggested that bees that produce high-energy vibrations can access more reward than bees producing low-energy vibrations. Finally, both the pollen dispensing rate and the amount of pollen released in the first vibration were negatively related to anther wall area, but, surprisingly, we did not observe any association between pore size and pollen dispensing.Our results provide the first empirical demonstration that the pollen dispensing properties of poricidal anthers depend on both floral characteristics and bee vibration properties, and suggest that morphological modification of anthers could provide a mechanism to exploit different pollination environments.
Separation and identification of permethylated glycan isomers by reversed phase nanoLC-NSI-MSn
Authors: Kurz Simone , Sheikh M. Osman , Lu Shan , Wells Lance , Tiemeyer Michael 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARYHigh performance liquid chromatography has been employed for decades to enhance detection sensitivity and quantification of complex analytes within biological mixtures. Among these analytes, glycans released from glycoproteins and glycolipids have been characterized as underivatized or fluorescently tagged derivatives by HPLC coupled to various detection methods. These approaches have proven extremely useful for profiling the structural diversity of glycoprotein and glycolipid glycosylation but require the availability of glycan standards and secondary orthogonal degradation strategies to validate structural assignments. A robust method for HPLC separation of glycans as their permethylated derivatives, coupled with in-line MSn fragmentation to assign structural features independent of standards, would significantly enhance the depth of knowledge obtainable from biological samples. Here, we report an optimized workflow for LC-MS analysis of permethylated glycans that includes sample preparation, mobile phase optimization, and MSnmethod development to resolve structural isomers on-the-fly. We report baseline separation and MSnfragmentation of isomeric N- and O-glycan structures, aided by supplementing mobile phases with Li+, which simplifies adduct heterogeneity and facilitates cross-ring fragmentation to obtain valuable monosaccharide linkage information. Our workflow has been adapted from standard proteomics-based workflows and, therefore, provides opportunities for laboratories with expertise in proteomics to acquire glycomic data with minimal deviation from existing buffer systems, chromatography media, and instrument configurations. Furthermore, our workflow does not require a mass spectrometer with high-resolution/accurate mass capabilities. The rapidly evolving appreciation of the biological significance of glycans for human health and disease requires the implementation of high-throughput methods to identify and quantify glycans harvested from sample sets of sufficient size to achieve appropriately powered statistical significance. The LC-MSn approach we report generates glycan isomeric separations, robust structural characterization, and is amenable to auto-sampling with associated throughput enhancements.
The electrochemical behavior of corrosion and passivation for Q235 carbon steel in acidic phosphate buffer solutions without and with NO2−
Authors: Hu Xiaochen , Zhang Pei , Zhou Yong , Yan Fuan 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to reveal the mechanism of nitrite (NO2−) for the surface passivation of carbon steels in acidic environments through investigating the influences of 0.01 mol/L NaNO2addition on the corrosion and passivation behaviors of Q235 carbon steel in acidic phosphate buffer (APB) solutions (pH 2 to 6).Design/methodology/approachThe electrochemical techniques including open circle potential evolution, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry were applied.FindingsIn APB solutions without NO2−, the Q235 steel presented the electrochemical behaviors of activation (A), activation-passivation-transpassivation and self-passivation-transpassivation at pH 2 to 4, pH 5 and pH 6, respectively; the corrosion rate decreased with the up of pH value, and the surface passivation occurred in the pH 5 and pH 6 solutions only: the anodic passivation at pH 5 and the spontaneous passivation at pH 6.Originality/valueIn APB solutions without NO2−, the corrosion rate decreased with the up of pH value, and the surface passivation occurred in the pH 5 and pH 6 solutions only: the anodic passivation at pH 5 and the spontaneous passivation at pH 6. With the addition of 0.01 mol/L NaNO2, into APB solutions, the variation of corrosion rate showed the same rule, but the surface passivation occurred over the whole acidic pH range, including the anodic passivation at pH 2 to 4 and the spontaneous passivation at pH 5 to 6.
From isolated labels and nudges to sustained tinkering: assessing long-term changes in sustainable eating at a lunch restaurant
Authors: Kaljonen Minna , Salo Marja , Lyytimäki Jari , Furman Eeva 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThe critical role of diet in climate change mitigation has raised behavioural approaches to the top of the agenda. In this paper, the authors take a critical look at these behavioural approaches and call for a more dynamic, practice-oriented understanding of long-term changes in sustainable food consumption and supply.Design/methodology/approachThis approach is based on the experiences from a long-term experiment promoting sustainable eating in a workplace lunch restaurant using a series of informational and nudging techniques. In the experiment, the authors found that focussing solely on eating behaviours did not help to capture the multi-level change processes mobilised. The authors therefore propose a more dynamic, practice-oriented methodology for examining long-term changes in sustainable eating. The emprical data of the experiment are based on qualitative and quantitative data, consisting of customer survey, customer and kitchen personnel focus group discussions and monitoring data on the use of food items in the restaurant and their climate impacts.FindingsThe results draw attention to a series of practical challenges restaurants face when promoting sustainable eating. Directing analytical attention to tinkering helped to reveal the tensions brought about by labelling and nudging in menu planning and recipe development. The results show how tinkering required attentiveness to customers' wishes in both cases. Nudging offered more freedom for the restaurant to develop menus and recipes. In the case scrutinised, however, nudging customers towards tastier and more satiating vegetarian dishes included the use of dairy. This partly watered down the climate benefits gained from reduced meat consumption.Originality/valueRather than looking separately at changes in consumer behaviour and in the supply of food, the authors show how we need analytical concepts that enable the evaluation of their mutual evolution. Tinkering can assist us in this endeavour. Its adaptive, adjustive character, however, calls for caution. The development of praxis in food services and catering requires critical companions from the transdisciplinary research community. Research can provide systematic knowledge on the impacts of labels and nudges on kitchen praxis. However, research itself also needs to tinker and learn from experiments. This necessitates long-term speculative research strategies.
Competitive productivity in South African public–private partnerships
Authors: Fjellstrom Daniella , Frick Paul 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThis study aims to develop the concept of competitive productivity focussing on the interplay between national competitive productivity (NCP) and firm competitive productivity (FCP) based on the following research question: how does the competitive productivity framework explain the influence that government has on public–private procurement programmes?Design/methodology/approachA case study is conducted on the South African Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme. Data were collected using an exploratory, mixed methods design, starting with national level secondary data on five bid windows between 2011 and 2014, followed by eight in-depth qualitative interviews with industry experts.FindingsThe findings indicate that non-financial factors, such as trust (through consistent and transparent government policy) as well as a pragmatic attitude on the part of government, increased competition and ultimately resulted in a productive procurement process.Social implicationsBy understanding what moderating factors influence competitiveness in African procurement programmes, using competitive productivity (CP) as a framework, the research contributes to development of government policy and procurement programmes. Incidentally, there is little doubt that improving infrastructure and in turn a greater percentage of access to electricity leads to increased competitiveness of the nation, firms and individuals, thus enabling companies to grow and operate with more stability.Originality/valueOriginality is demonstrated through the interplay of NCP and FCP, where the constructs of culture, benchmarking and performance were found to have the strongest influence of the six constructs of the CP model.
Understanding industrialised house building as a company’s dynamic capabilities
Authors: Stehn Lars , Engström Susanne , Uusitalo Petri , Lavikka Rita 
Published: August 2020

PurposeTo further the understanding of industrialised house building (IHB) from a temporal, emergent corporate-ability perspective, this study aims to trace the build-up of corporate assets in an IHB company over time. The research draws on dynamic capabilities, acknowledging not only what assets the company have developed and currently are exploiting, but also how these assets were develop and managed (i.e. enhanced, combined, protected and potentially reconfigured) to sustain long-term competitiveness.Design/methodology/approachA case study design was used to form a narrative that covers the evolution of an IHB company over a 25-year period. Corporate archival material, analysis of original data from a large number of research studies during 1993-2013 and retrospective reflections of owners and managers, including crosschecking interpretations of archival material, developed and triangulated the narrative.FindingsThe study presents rich empirical findings on the build-up of corporate assets. Starting from a successive process of exploration and exploitation formation of dynamic capabilities eventually played out into an exponential dynamic capability build-up. The IHB case company displays the ability to not only continuously exploit and renew resources and competences, but also to sense, seize and reconfigure cumulative assets over time. The exponential development of dynamic capabilities resonates to literature on higher-order dynamic capabilities implying that: the accumulated and higher-order dynamic capabilities are difficult to imitate and a (any) company must possess higher-order dynamic capabilities to be able to exploit and/or take up IHB.Originality/valueThe study is complementing and potentially challenging frequent framings of the IHB concept. Previous research has addressed and characterised IHB mainly by encapsulating a moment in time and, thus, characteristics are momentary and represent static views on IHB. However, IHB has seen a strong development over the past 25 years, and the study reflects on this development from the perspective of one of the IHB-forerunner companies in Sweden. By exploring from a company perspective the developments, reconfiguration and capacity to develop/reconfigure over time in a changing environment, the study introduces an alternative understanding of IHB as dynamic capabilities.
Fall detection smart-shoe enabled with wireless IoT device
Authors: J. Abanah Shirley , Sundarsingh Esther Florence , V. Saraswathi , S. Sankareshwari , S. Sona 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
Fall detection is a primary necessity for elderly people with medically tested nervous problems. This paper aims important to detect fall and prevent fatal injuries and untreated attention for long hours.

Design/methodology/approach
The project is focused on developing a smart shoe with force-sensitive resistors placed at plantar pressure points to detect fall. This could draw immediate medical attention to the patient. The device is developed using sensors, microcontroller and accelerometer integrated into a compact module. A rule-based detection algorithm helps in transmitting the alert to an Internet of Things device when a fall is detected.

Findings
Based on the pressure applied, there is a change in resistive value of force sensitivity resistor. When it reaches the threshold value, fall gets detected and alert gets triggered through telegram bot with latitude and longitude details of the location.

Originality/value
The challenge in developing this device is to make it wearable reducing the overall hardware complexity. The entire module placed inside the sole of the shoe avoids inconvenience to the patients.
Determining the factors influencing the level of awareness and usage of open source digital repository software by academic librarians in India
Authors: Kampa Raj Kishor , Patra Nihar Kanta 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the level of awareness and usage of open source digital repository software (DRS). The paper also studies the factors, which influence the level of awareness and usage of different open source DRS by academic librarians in India.

Design/methodology/approach
The study administered an online questionnaire to academic librarians in India to know their level of awareness and usage of open source DRS. The questionnaire aimed to gather the awareness and usage of open source DSR. In total, 374 complete responses were collected from academic librarians in India and the collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Moreover, Fishers’ exact test was used to identify whether factors i.e. qualification and participation in workshop/seminar influence the level of awareness and usage of open source DRS.

Findings
The results of the study reveal that the level of awareness and usage of open source DRS, namely, DSpace (Mean = 2.92, SD = 0.906) and Greenstone digital library software (GSDL) (Mean = 2.18, SD = 0.699) are high amongst the academic librarians in India. In total, 33.4%, 11.5% of the participants are using DSpace and GSDL, respectively, on regular basis. Fishers’ exact test shows that factor(s) i.e. qualifications and participation in workshop/seminar affect the level of awareness and usage of open source DRS. The results show that there exits strong relation between participation in workshop/seminar and awareness and usage of DSpace (Fishers’ exact test = 13.473, p < 0.05).

Originality/value
This paper is the new type of study exploring level of awareness and usage of open source DRS by academic librarians in India. It identifies the factors that affect the awareness and usage of open source DRS. It is the first study to analyze the statistical significance between Indian librarians’ participation in workshop/seminar and their level of awareness and usage of different open source DRS.