bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From untargeted metabolomics to the multiple reaction monitoring‐based quantification of polyphenols in chocolates from different geographical areas
Authors: Pinto Gabriella , Aurilia Michela , Illiano Anna , Fontanarosa Carolina , Sannia Giovanni , Trifuoggi Marco , Lettera Vincenzo , Sperandeo Raffaele , Pucci Piero , Amoresano Angela 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPlants, including cocoa bean, are the main source of metabolites with multiple biological functions. Polyphenol extracts are widely used as a nutraceutical supplement for their well‐known health‐promoting role. In this paper, a preliminary untargeted metabolic screening was carried out by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)‐time of flight (TOF)/TOF on a pool of chocolate samples made by cocoa beans of different geographical areas. Then, a targeted approach was developed for polyphenol quantification by an optimized Liquid chromatography (LC)–tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) ion mode. Detection limit of polyphenol standard ranged between 1 and 25 pg/μl with variation coefficient lower than 15%. External calibration curves were used for quantification of polyphenols in 18 samples. Fifty polyphenols were detected in a single LC–MRM/MS run and quantified by monitoring almost 90 transitions in a 5‐minute run. The polyphenols content of different cocoa beans from several countries was finally compared by principal component analysis (PCA) statistical analysis suggesting that the chocolate made by Ecuador cocoa beans showed the highest level of polyphenols.
Antecedents of blockchain adoption: An integrative framework
Authors: Clohessy Trevor , Treiblmaier Horst , Acton Thomas , Rogers Nichola 
Published: September 2020

AbstractImportant technological, organizational, environmental, individual, and task‐related blockchain considerations are identified and discussed. The framework combines five salient adoption considerations and presents cases of the most important antecedents of organizational blockchain adoption. Further, it provides the theoretical foundation of blockchain adoption by integrating existing frameworks and applying them to a novel technology.
Recycled polyethylene bottle caps as sandwich panel circular honeycomb: Experimental and numerical approach
Authors: de Jesus Murilo Monteiro , Gato Lucas Braga Lopes , Oliveira Pablo Resende , Filho Sergio Luiz Moni Ribeiro , Tonatto Maikson Luiz Passaia , Panzera Tulio Hallak , Scarpa Fabrizio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis work describes aluminium skin sandwich panels made of recycled polyethylene (PE) bottle caps as a sustainable honeycomb core. A full factorial design is carried out to identify the effects of the orientation of the caps (single and alternated caps), skin roughness (smooth and rough substrate) and the type of adhesive (epoxy or polyester polymer) on the mechanical properties of the panels. Numerical analysis is performed to better assess the failure mechanisms involved. Sandwich panels made with epoxy adhesive, smooth aluminium skin and single oriented caps obtain greater mechanical properties at failure compared to the alternative levels of the factorial design. Increased results are observed for core shear stress (0.38 MPa), facing stress (56.75 MPa), core shear modulus (16.70 MPa), and flexural modulus (1437.47 MPa). This performance reveals an alternative recycling route for used PE bottle caps in structural and sustainable applications.
Comparative study of the influence of graphene nanoplatelets filler on the mechanical and tribological behavior of glass fabric‐reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Singh Kalyan K , Ramkumar Janakarajan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe objective of this article is to examine the influence of different weight percentages (wt%) of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) on the behavior of mechanical and abrasive wear. Furthermore, the influence of operating parameters, such as, different degrees of applied loads and abrading distance (5‐20 N and 100‐250 m, respectively) at a rotational speed of 200 rpm (1.047 m/s) against SiC paper of 400 grit size was studied. From the present study, it was possible to establish that performance of the glass fabric‐reinforced epoxy composite materials can be improved with incorporation of GNPs. Moreover, incorporation of a large amount (1 wt%) of GNPs was found to noticeably enhance the tribo‐performance, ILSS, and hardness of the composite materials. However, the tensile strength was noted to increase negligibly with incorporation of 1 wt% of GNPs as compared to 0.5 wt% of GNPs. To get an insight into the wear mechanisms, the abraded surface of the tribological samples was examined by scanning electronic microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray. Their morphology was correlated with wear volume and specific wear rate data trends. Worn surface features analysis indicated that incorporation of GNPs mainly improved the fiber‐matrix interface, which resists easy pullout of fibers from matrix/fillers and enables higher wear resistance.
Crámer‐Raocomplexity of the confined two‐dimensional hydrogen
Authors: Estañón Carlos R. , Aquino Norberto , Puertas‐Centeno David , Dehesa Jesus S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe internal disorder of the confined two‐dimensional hydrogenic atom is numerically studied in terms of the confinement radius for the 1s, 2s, 2p, and 3dquantum states by means of the statistical Crámer‐Rao complexity measure. First, the confinement dependence of the variance and the Fisher information of the position and momentum spreading of its electron distribution are computed and discussed. Then, the Crámer‐Rao complexity measure (which quantifies the combined balance of the charge concentration around the mean value and the gradient content of the electron distribution) is investigated in position and momentum spaces. We found that confinement does distinguish complexity of the system for all quantum states by means of these two component measures.
Local and geographical factors jointly drive elevational patterns of phytoplankton in the source region of the Yangtze River, China
Authors: Han Xu , Pan Baozhu , Zhao Gengnan , Li Dianbao , Sun He , Zhu Penghui , Lu Yan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLittle information about biodiversity patterns in high‐elevation aquatic systems has been gathered, even though these patterns are important for understanding the impacts of human activities. The source region of the Yangtze River, a typical alpine zone with vulnerable and sensitive ecosystems, was selected. Phytoplankton, which play a critical functional role as freshwater primary producers, serve as an important ecological indicator of aquatic systems. Here, systematic surveys on the water environment and phytoplankton were carried out to examine how the phytoplankton community varies with elevation based on hypothesized structural equation models (SEMs) in 10 typical rivers of the Yangtze River source region in March and October 2018. In total, 58 species of phytoplankton belonging to 28 genera were identified. The relationship between species abundance and elevation for phytoplankton showed unimodal elevational patterns. The results of the SEMs showed that all studied aspects affecting the phytoplankton community were directly or indirectly associated with elevation. The synergistic effects of human activities and basic environmental factors (terrestrial productivity and slope gradient) were the drivers affecting the phytoplankton community in the Yangtze River source region. Climate, topography, human activities and other factors are significantly different with changes in elevation, resulting in significant differences in the structure of aquatic communities at different elevations. Human activities were the major drivers affecting the phytoplankton community along the elevational gradient. As the elevation decreased, the disturbances to aquatic ecosystems caused by human activities intensified in the study area.
Introduction
Authors: Bos Jaap 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLet’s start with you. The audience for this work is you, a student in the social sciences. Many of the problems discussed in this book will probably be new to you, perhaps not entirely, but still. Yet, right from the beginning of your studies, you have been confronted with certain demands, regulations, and procedures, all driven by certain ethical considerations that you’re supposed to be aware of and adopt. You’re supposed to be trustworthy, reliable, honest, impartial, and objective if you want to call yourself a researcher. Ah yes, but how? It seems you’ve got some catching up to do.
Introduction
Authors: Jarke Juliane 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIncreasingly public services are provided in digital form; their uptake however remains well below expectations. In particular, amongst older adults the need for public services is high while at the same time the uptake of their digital counterparts is low. One of the reasons is that many digital public services (or e-services) do not respond well to the life worlds, use contexts and use practices of its target audiences. An increasingly popular approach to design more user-centric services is co-creation with future users. It has been noted however, that in particular older adults lack the willingness (and often ability) to co-create e-services. Hence, there is an articulated need to engage older citizens in design practice, but a lack of evidence concerning successful participation approaches. This book addresses this gap by providing evidence from three co-creation projects with older adults. In order to understand the challenges and opportunities of co-creation, the book attends to the following three aspects when analysing, evaluating and comparing the three projects: (1) Governing co-creation and sharing control: What are the implications of different modes of governing and managing co-creation? How do (and can) specific methods facilitate the sharing of control? (2) Sharing expertise: How can a variety of stakeholders be engaged in meaningful ways? What are specific challenges and opportunities for sharing (lived) experiences? (3) Enabling change: What types of public services are most suited for co-creation and to what extend do they enable individual and/or social change?
Co-creation in Practice I: Co-creating a Digital Neighbourhood Guide (Bremen Osterholz)
Authors: Jarke Juliane 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis chapter reports on a co-creation project that was conducted in the city district Bremen Osterholz. A core group of 11 older residents co-created a digital district guide over the duration of ten months. In a first step, the group identified an information gap between existing neighbourhood resources to support older residents and older residents’ awareness about them. The solution proposed was to better inform older adults in order to facilitate social participation in their everyday lives (ranging from consulting services to social encounters and outdoor activities). Members of the core group defined the specific information needs (including relevant attributes for each information category) and collected data for all categories. In addition, focus groups with 80 older residents were conducted with the support of local social care service providers. The focus groups were used partly for collecting information about the district, but also for testing the first prototype. The chapter describes co-creation methods such as cultural probes and data tables. It concludes with lessons learned.
Loneliness and type 2 diabetes incidence: findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: Hackett Ruth A. , Hudson Joanna L. , Chilcot Joseph 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Loneliness is associated with all-cause mortality and coronary heart disease. However, the prospective relationship between loneliness and type 2 diabetes onset is unclear.

Methods
We conducted a longitudinal observational population study with data on 4112 diabetes-free participants (mean age 65.02 ± 9.05) from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Loneliness was assessed in 2004–2005 using the revised University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale. Incident type 2 diabetes cases were assessed from 2006 to 2017. Associations were modelled using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusting for potential confounders, which included cardiometabolic comorbidities.

Results
A total of 264 (6.42%) participants developed type 2 diabetes over the follow-up period. Loneliness was a significant predictor of incident type 2 diabetes (HR 1.46; 95% CI 1.15, 1.84; p = 0.002) independent of age, sex, ethnicity, wealth, smoking status, physical activity, alcohol consumption, BMI, HbA1c, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Further analyses detected an association between loneliness and type 2 diabetes onset (HR 1.41; 95% CI 1.04, 1.90; p = 0.027), independent of depressive symptoms, living alone and social isolation. Living alone and social isolation were not significantly associated with type 2 diabetes onset.

Conclusions/interpretation
Loneliness is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. The mechanisms underlying this relationship remain to be elucidated.
Buckle up!
Authors: Lange A. , Keller K. , Lakämper S. 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Verkehrsmedizin als Teil der Rechtsmedizin erfüllt in der Schweiz eine wichtige präventive Aufgabe in der Sicherung aller Verkehrsteilnehmer: Sie begutachtet die medizinisch basierte Fahrfähigkeit und Fahreignung. Als empirisch konsolidiertes Querschnittsfach hat sie Informationen aus einer Vielzahl von medizinischen Fachgebieten. Wie reagiert die Verkehrsmedizin aber auf den vermehrten Anspruch evidenzbasierter Gutachten und auf anstehende Herausforderungen?Über einen historischen Abriss motivierten wir die Vorteile und das Potential einer teilweise durch Fahrsimulation ergänzten Untersuchung und einer dediziert auf Fahrsimulation basierenden, klinisch-prospektiven Forschung.Neben vorhandener Literatur stützen sich historische Aspekte u.a. auf vorhandene Expertise. Die Bewertung der Fahrsimulation für die Verkehrs- bzw. Rechtsmedizin der Schweiz stützt sich auf die Diskussion selektierter Literatur.Auftrag und Anspruch der Verkehrsmedizin haben sich mehrfach verändert. Eine übersichtsartige Betrachtung existenter Literatur legt nahe, dass massgeschneiderte Fahrsimulatoren Teil einer modernisierten Verkehrsmedizin sein können, um anstehende Herausforderungen adäquat adressieren zu können. Bisher existiert kein derartiges dediziertes Forschungsinstrument in der Schweiz.Eine auf verkehrsmedizinische Fragestellungen massgeschneiderte, realitätsnahe und niedrigschwellige Fahrsimulation als Werkzeug für klinische Studien und Individualuntersuchungen verspricht neben einer wissenschaftlichen Produktivität einen umsetzbaren und vermittelbaren Mehrwert für das übergeordnete Ziel der Sicherheit aller Verkehrsteilnehmer.
Vanishing Hessian, wild forms and their border VSP
Authors: Huang Hang , Michałek Mateusz , Ventura Emanuele 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWild forms are homogeneous polynomials whose smoothable rank is strictly larger than their border rank. The discrepancy between these two ranks is caused by the difference between the limit of spans of a family of zero-dimensional schemes and the span of their flat limit. For concise forms of minimal border rank, we show that the condition of vanishing Hessian is equivalent to being wild. This is proven by making a detour through structure tensors of smoothable and Gorenstein algebras. The equivalence fails in the non-minimal border rank regime. We exhibit an infinite series of minimal border rank wild forms of every degree$$d\ge 3$$d≥3as well as an infinite series of wild cubics. Inspired by recent work on border apolarity of Buczyńska and Buczyński, we study the border varieties of sums of powers$$\underline{{\mathrm {VSP}}}$$VSP̲of these forms in the corresponding multigraded Hilbert schemes.
Aspiration in lethal drug abuse—a consequence of opioid intoxication
Authors: Nicolakis Johannes , Gmeiner Günter , Reiter Christian , Seltenhammer Monika Heidemarie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Aims
The primary objective of this study was to investigate whether the fatalities of opioid abuse are not only related to respiratory depression but also as a result of other side effects such as emesis, delayed gastric emptying, a reduction of the cough reflex, and impaired consciousness leading to the aspiration of gastric contents, a finding regularly observed in drug-related deaths.

Design
A retrospective exploratory study analyzing heroin/morphine/methadone-related deaths submitted to court-ordered autopsy.

Setting
Center for Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (2010–2015).

Participants
Two hundred thirty-four autopsy cases were included in the study: morphine (n = 200), heroin (n = 11), and methadone (n = 23) intoxication.

Findings
Analyses revealed that 41.88% of all deceased showed aspiration of gastric contents with equal gender distribution (p = 0.59). Aspiration was more frequent in younger deceased (χ2 = 8.7936; p = 0.012) and in deceased with higher body mass index (BMI) (χ2 = 6.2441; p = 0.044). Blood opioid concentration was lower in deceased with signs of aspiration than in non-aspirators (p = 0.013). Toxicological evaluation revealed a high degree of concomitant substance abuse (91%)—benzodiazepines (61.6%) and/or alcohol (21.8%).

Conclusions
There are lower opioid concentrations in deceased with signs of aspiration, a fact which strongly points to aspiration as alternative cause of death in opioid-related fatalities. Furthermore, this study highlights the common abuse of slow-release oral morphine in Vienna and discusses alternative medications in substitution programs (buprenorphine/naloxone or tamper-resistant slow-release oral morphine preparations), as they might reduce intravenous abuse and opioid-related deaths.
Should I stop or should I go on? Disease modifying therapy after the first clinical episode of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Monschein Tobias , Salhofer-Polanyi Sabine , Altmann Patrick , Zrzavy Tobias , Dal-Bianco Assunta , Bsteh Gabriel , Rommer Paulus , Berger Thomas , Leutmezer Fritz 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Treatment with disease-modifying therapies (DMT) in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) represents standard care in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients nowadays. Since a proportion of patients may show no evidence of disease activity (NEDA) after some time of treatment, the question might arise about the risks of stopping DMT.

Methods
We present a cohort of 49 patients who started DMT immediately after CIS and had no evidence of disease activity (NEDA-3) for at least five years before discontinuation of therapy. Thereafter, patients underwent clinical and MRI follow-up for at least five consecutive years.

Results
Of 49 patients discontinuing DMT, 53% (n = 26) had NEDA for at least further five years, while 47% (n = 23) showed either a relapse/disease progression (18.4%, n = 9), MRI activity (14.3%, n = 7) or both (14.3%, n = 7). The main predictive factor for sustained NEDA was age at DMT termination. Patients aged > 45 years had a significantly lower risk of disease reactivation (13% vs. 54% in patients aged < 45 years, p < 0.001) after DMT discontinuation.

Discussion
In CIS patients with immediate DMT after their first clinical episode, older age at the time of DMT discontinuation is the main predictive factor for sustained NEDA status.
Apalutamide, enzalutamide, and darolutamide for non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Mori Keiichiro , Mostafaei Hadi , Pradere Benjamin , Motlagh Reza Sari , Quhal Fahad , Laukhtina Ekaterina , Schuettfort Victor M. , Abufaraj Mohammad , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Kimura Takahiro , Egawa Shin , Shariat Shahrokh F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractManagement of non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) has undergone a paradigm shift with next-generation androgen receptor inhibitors. However, direct comparative data are not available to inform treatment decisions and/or guideline recommendations. Therefore, we performed network meta-analysis to indirectly compare the efficacy and safety of currently available treatments. Multiple databases were searched for articles published before June 2020. Studies that compared overall and/or metastasis-free and/or prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression-free survival (OS/MFS/PSA-PFS) and/or adverse events (AEs) in nmCRPC patients were considered eligible. Three studies (n = 4117) met our eligibility criteria. Formal network meta-analyses were conducted. For MFS, apalutamide, darolutamide, and enzalutamide were significantly more effective than placebo, and apalutamide emerged as the best option (P score: 0.8809). Apalutamide [hazard ratio (HR): 0.85, 95% credible interval (CrI): 0.77–0.94] and enzalutamide (HR: 0.86, 95% CrI: 0.78–0.95) were both significantly more effective than darolutamide. For PSA-PFS, all three agents were statistically superior to placebo, and apalutamide emerged as the likely preferred option (P score: 1.000). Apalutamide (HR: 0.71, 95% CrI: 0.69–0.74) and enzalutamide (HR: 0.76, 95% CrI: 0.74–0.79) were both significantly more effective than darolutamide. For AEs (including all AEs, grade 3 or grade 4 AEs, grade 5 AEs, and discontinuation rates), darolutamide was the likely best option. Apalutamide and enzalutamide appear to be more efficacious agents for therapy of nmCRPC, while darolutamide appears to have the most favorable tolerability profile. These findings may facilitate individualized treatment strategies and inform future direct comparative trials.
A Combined In Vivo, In Vitro, In Silico Approach for Patient-Specific Haemodynamic Studies of Aortic Dissection
Authors: Bonfanti Mirko , Franzetti Gaia , Homer-Vanniasinkam Shervanthi , Díaz-Zuccarini Vanessa , Balabani Stavroula 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe optimal treatment of Type-B aortic dissection (AD) is still a subject of debate, with up to 50% of the cases developing late-term complications requiring invasive intervention. A better understanding of the patient-specific haemodynamic features of AD can provide useful insights on disease progression and support clinical management. In this work, a novel in vitro and in silico framework to perform personalised studies of AD, informed by non-invasive clinical data, is presented. A Type-B AD was investigated in silico using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and in vitro by means of a state-of-the-art mock circulatory loop and particle image velocimetry (PIV). Both models not only reproduced the anatomical features of the patient, but also imposed physiologically-accurate and personalised boundary conditions. Experimental flow rate and pressure waveforms, as well as detailed velocity fields acquired via PIV, are extensively compared against numerical predictions at different locations in the aorta, showing excellent agreement. This work demonstrates how experimental and numerical tools can be developed in synergy to accurately reproduce patient-specific AD blood flow. The combined platform presented herein constitutes a powerful tool for advanced haemodynamic studies for a range of vascular conditions, allowing not only the validation of CFD models, but also clinical decision support, surgical planning as well as medical device innovation.