bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of dried horseradish leaves pomace: phenolic compounds profile and antioxidant capacity, content of organic acids, pigments and volatile compounds
Authors: Tomsone Lolita , Galoburda Ruta , Kruma Zanda , Cinkmanis Ingmars 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHorseradish (Armoracia rusticana) leaves pomace, which contains high-value bioactive compounds, is the product resulting from pressing horseradish leaves for juice production. The aim of the current research was to investigate the effect of convective, microwave-vacuum and freeze-drying on the content of bioactive compounds in horseradish leaves pomace. Convective hot air-drying was performed at 40, 60 and 80 °C. The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total flavan-3-ol content, total phenolic acid content, total flavonol content, chlorophylls and total carotenoids, and antioxidant activity were determined by spectrophotometric methods. Individual profiles of phenols and organic acids are estimated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), but volatile compounds are estimated by gas chromatography (GC). Totally, 14 individual phenolic compounds, 8 organic acids, and 49 volatile compounds were analysed in the studied samples. The main phenolic compound identified in horseradish leaves pomace was rutin (3231 mg/100 g DW), among organic acids—quinic and malic acids, and volatile compounds—allyl isothiocyanate, 3-butenenitrile and benzyl alcohol. In the drying process, the content of some (total flavan-3-ols, total carotenoids content) compounds increased, but others (TPC, total organic acids content) decreased, and it was drying method-dependent. Freeze-drying caused the reduction of TPC by 29%, whereas convective drying by 53–59%. Fresh pomace contains such isothiocyanates as allyl isothiocyanate and butyl isothiocyanate, which were completely lost in the drying process. Freeze-drying allowed the best retention of various phenolic and volatile compounds in horseradish leaves pomace.
Monosomal karyotype and chromosome 17p loss or TP53 mutations in decitabine-treated patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Becker Heiko , Pfeifer Dietmar , Ihorst Gabriele , Pantic Milena , Wehrle Julius , Rüter Björn H. , Bullinger Lars , Hackanson Björn , Germing Ulrich , Kuendgen Andrea , Platzbecker Uwe , Döhner Konstanze , Ganser Arnold , Hagemeijer Anne , Wijermans Pierre W. , Döhner Hartmut , Duyster Justus , Lübbert Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTP53 aberrations reportedly predict favorable responses to decitabine (DAC) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We evaluated clinical features and outcomes associated with chromosome 17p loss or TP53 gene mutations in older, unfit DAC-treated AML patients in a phase II trial. Of 178 patients, 25 had loss of 17p in metaphase cytogenetics; 24 of these had a complex (CK+) and 21 a monosomal karyotype (MK+). In analyses in all patients and restricted to CK+ and MK+ patients, 17p loss tended to associate with higher rates of complete remission (CR), partial remission (PR), or antileukemic effect (ALE). Despite favorable response rates, there was no significant OS difference between patients with or without loss of 17p in the entire cohort or in the CK+ and MK+ cohort. TP53 mutations were identified in eight of 45 patients with material available. Five of the eight TP53-mutated patients had 17p loss. TP53-mutated patients had similar rates of CR/PR/ALE but shorter OS than those with TP53 wild type (P = 0.036). Moreover, patients with a subclone based on mutation data had shorter OS than those without (P = 0.05); only one patient with TP53-mutated AML had a subclone. In conclusion, 17p loss conferred a favorable impact on response rates, even among CK+ and MK+ patients that however could not be maintained. The effect of TP53 mutations appeared to be different; however, patient numbers were low. Future research needs to further dissect the impact of the various TP53 aberrations in HMA-based combination therapies. The limited duration of favorable responses to HMA treatment in adverse-risk genetics AML should prompt physicians to advance allografting for eligible patients in a timely fashion.
Is pre-operative urodynamic bladder function the true predictor of outcome of male sling for post prostatectomy incontinence?
Authors: Toia Bogdan , Leung Lap Yan , Saigal Raveen , Solomon Eskinder , Malde Sachin , Taylor Claire , Sahai Arun , Hamid Rizwan , Seth Jai H. , Sharma Davendra , Greenwell Tamsin J. , Ockrim Jeremy L. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate pre-operative urodynamic parameters in male sling patients to ascertain whether this might better predict surgical outcomes and facilitate patient selection.

Methods
We performed a retrospective, case notes and video-urodynamics, review of men who underwent AdVanceXP male sling in three London hospitals between 2012 and 2019. Urodynamics were performed in all centres, while retrograde leak point pressure (RLPP) was performed in one centre.

Results
Successful outcome was seen in 99/130 (76%) of men who required one pad or less per day. The dry rate was 51%. Pad usage was linked to worse surgical outcomes, mean 2.6 (range 1–6.5) for success vs 3.6 (range 1–10) although the ranges were wide (p = 0.002). 24 h pad weight also reached statistical significance (p = 0.05), with a mean of 181 g for success group versus 475 g for the non-successful group. The incidence of DO in the non-successful group was significantly higher than in successful group (55% versus 29%, p = 0.0009). Bladder capacity less than 250 ml was also associated with worse outcomes (p = 0.003). Reduced compliance was not correlated with outcomes (31% for success groups vs 45% for non-successful group, p = 0.15). Preoperative RLPP was performed in 60/130 patients but did not independently reach statistical significance (p = 0.25).

Conclusion
Urodynamic parameters related to bladder function—detrusor overactivity and reduced maximum cystometric capacity predict male sling outcomes and may help in patient selection for male sling (or sphincter) surgery; whereas urodynamic parameters of sphincter incompetency (RLPP) were not predictive. Further larger scale studies are required to confirm these findings.
Tuft deflection velocimetry: a simple method to extract quantitative flow field information
Authors: Steinfurth Ben , Cura C. , Gehring J. , Weiss J. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A novel method capable of assessing flow fields in a quick and relatively simple manner is introduced. In an extension to the classical qualitative flow visualization by means of cotton or polymeric tufts, digital data processing is used to extract the orientation of these tufts. This information can be related to physical quantities, in particular to time- and space-dependent velocity signals. The capability of this method is demonstrated in two test scenarios. First, it is applied to gain information on the unsteady near-wall flow along a turbulent separation bubble. Second, the two-component velocity field in the wake of a generic car model is measured, allowing for a quantification of the recirculation zone dimensions. Validation measurements with conventional techniques, e.g., particle image velocimetry, unsteady pressure measurements and hot wire anemometry, are conducted throughout the study. These generally suggest that the novel approach provides a quick and reasonably good quantitative overview of the flow configurations. However, the measurement error may be substantial in flow regions of low velocity or dominated by high-frequency oscillations.

Graphic abstract
Pacific decadal oscillation remotely forced by the equatorial Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans
Authors: Johnson Zachary F. , Chikamoto Yoshimitsu , Wang S.-Y. Simon , McPhaden Michael J. , Mochizuki Takashi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), the leading mode of Pacific decadal sea surface temperature variability, arises mainly from combinations of regional air-sea interaction within the North Pacific Ocean and remote forcing, such as from the tropical Pacific and the Atlantic. Because of such a combination of mechanisms, a question remains as to how much PDO variability originates from these regions. To better understand PDO variability, the equatorial Pacific and the Atlantic impacts on the PDO are examined using several 3-dimensional partial ocean data assimilation experiments conducted with two global climate models: the CESM1.0 and MIROC3.2m. In these partial assimilation experiments, the climate models are constrained by observed temperature and salinity anomalies, one solely in the Atlantic basin and the other solely in the equatorial Pacific basin, but are allowed to evolve freely in other regions. These experiments demonstrate that, in addition to the tropical Pacific’s role in driving PDO variability, the Atlantic can affect PDO variability by modulating the tropical Pacific climate through two proposed processes. One is the equatorial pathway, in which tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) variability causes an El Niño-like SST response in the equatorial Pacific through the reorganization of the global Walker circulation. The other is the north tropical pathway, where low-frequency SST variability associated with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation induces a Matsuno-Gill type atmospheric response in the tropical Atlantic-Pacific sectors north of the equator. These results provide a quantitative assessment suggesting that 12–29% of PDO variance originates from the Atlantic Ocean and 40–44% from the tropical Pacific. The remaining 27–48% of the variance is inferred to arise from other processes such as regional ocean-atmosphere interactions in the North Pacific and possibly teleconnections from the Indian Ocean.
Synthesis of pH-degradable polyglycerol-based nanogels by iEDDA-mediated crosslinking for encapsulation of asparaginase using inverse nanoprecipitation
Authors: Oehrl Alexander , Schötz Sebastian , Haag Rainer 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBiocompatible, environmentally responsive, and scalable nanocarriers are needed for targeted and triggered delivery of therapeutic proteins. Suitable polymers, preparation methods, and crosslinking chemistries must be considered for nanogel formation. Biocompatible dendritic polyglycerol (dPG) is used in the mild, surfactant-free inverse nanoprecipitation method for nanogel preparation. The biocompatible, fast, and bioorthogonal inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (iEDDA) crosslinking chemistry is used. In this work, the synthesis of pH-degradable nanogels, based on tetrazine, norbonene, and bicyclo[6.1.0]nonyne (BCN) functionalized macromonomers, is reported. The macromonomers are non-toxic up to 2.5 mg mL−1 in three different cell lines. Nanogels are obtained in the size range of 47 to 200 nm and can be degraded within 48 h at pH 4.5 (BA-gels), and pH 3 (THP-gels), respectively. Encapsulation of asparaginase (32 kDa) yield encapsulation efficiencies of up to 93% at 5 wt.% feed. Overall, iEDDA-crosslinked pH-degradable dPG-nanogels from inverse nanoprecipitation are promising candidates for biomedical applications.
Chiari malformation type I and basilar invagination originating from atlantoaxial instability: a literature review and critical analysis
Authors: Wagner Arthur , Grassner Lukas , Kögl Nikolaus , Hartmann Sebastian , Thomé Claudius , Wostrack Maria , Meyer Bernhard 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Recently, a novel hypothesis has been proposed concerning the origin of craniovertebral junction (CVJ) abnormalities. Commonly found in patients with these entities, atlantoaxial instability has been suspected to cause both Chiari malformation type I and basilar invagination, which renders the tried and tested surgical decompression strategy ineffective. In turn, C1-2 fusion is proposed as a single solution for all CVJ abnormalities, and a revised definition of atlantoaxial instability sees patients both with and without radiographic evidence of instability undergo fusion, instead relying on the intraoperative assessment of the atlantoaxial joints to confirm instability.

Methods
The authors conducted a comprehensive narrative review of literature and evidence covering this recently emerged hypothesis. The proposed pathomechanisms are discussed and contextualized with published literature.

Conclusion
The existing evidence is evaluated for supporting or opposing sole posterior C1-2 fusion in patients with CVJ abnormalities and compared with reported outcomes for conventional surgical strategies such as posterior fossa decompression, occipitocervical fusion, and anterior decompression. At present, there is insufficient evidence supporting the hypothesis of atlantoaxial instability being the common progenitor for CVJ abnormalities. Abolishing tried and tested surgical procedures in favor of a single universal approach would thus be unwarranted.
Cleansing efficacy of an auto-cleaning electronic toothbrushing device: a randomized-controlled crossover pilot study
Authors: Schnabl Dagmar , Wiesmüller Vera , Hönlinger Vera , Wimmer Simon , Bruckmoser Emanuel , Kapferer-Seebacher Ines 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To compare the cleansing efficacy of a representative “ten seconds” auto-cleaning device with that of uninstructed manual toothbrushing in a pilot study.

Materials and methods
Twenty periodontally healthy probands refrained from oral hygiene for 3 days. Baseline full-mouth plaque scores (Rustogi Modified Navy Plaque Index, RMNPI) were assessed. After randomization, probands cleaned their teeth either with the auto-cleaning test device according to the manufacturer’s protocol or with a manual toothbrush. Plaque reduction was assessed by two aligned blinded investigators. After a 2-week recovery, the clinical investigation was repeated in a crossover design. The brushing pattern of the auto-cleaning device was analyzed in probands’ casts.

Results
Full-mouth plaque reduction was 11.37 ± 3.70% for the auto-cleaning device and 31.39 ± 5.27% for manual toothbrushing (p < 0.0001). The investigation of the auto-cleaning device’s brushing pattern in dental casts revealed a positive relationship of bristle rows in contact with tooth surfaces and the cleansing efficacy in the respective areas. A maximum of 2/4 bristle rows were in contact with the tooth surfaces; in some areas, the bristles had no contact to the teeth.

Conclusions
Uninstructed manual toothbrushing is superior to auto-cleaning. The alignment and density of the auto-cleaning device’s bristle rows need to be improved, and assorted sizes would be necessary to cover different jaw shapes.

Clinical relevance
The auto-cleaning device has been developed to accommodate individuals with poor dexterity or compliance. To date, it is unable to provide sufficient plaque reduction due to an inappropriate bristle alignment and poor fit with diverse dental arches.
Applying the adjoint-free 4dVar assimilation to modeling the Kuroshio south of Japan
Authors: Miyazawa Yasumasa , Yaremchuk Max , Varlamov Sergey M. , Miyama Toru , Aoki Kunihiro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOperational ocean nowcast/forecast systems require real-time sampling of oceanic data for representing realistic oceanic conditions. Satellite altimetry plays a key role in detecting mesoscale variability of the ocean currents. The 10-day sampling period and horizontal gaps between the altimetry tracks of 100 km cause difficulties in capturing shorter-term/smaller-scale ocean current variations. Operational systems based on a three-dimensional variational method (3dVar) do not take into account temporal variability of the data within data assimilation time windows. Four-dimensional data assimilation technique is considered as a possible tool for more efficient utilization of the observations arriving from satellite altimeters by the dynamically constrained interpolation. In this study, we develop and test the performance of the adjoint-free four-dimensional variational method (a4dVar) for operational use in regional models. Numerical experiments targeting the Kuroshio path variations south of Japan demonstrate that the a4dVar scheme dynamically corrects the initial condition so as to effectively reduce the satellite altimetry data misfit during a 9-day time window. The corrected initial condition further contributes to improvements in the skill of reconstruction of the Kuroshio path variation in a 30-day lead hindcast run.
Gulliver’s virtual travels: active embodiment in extreme body sizes for modulating our body representations
Authors: Serino S. , Scarpina F. , Chirico A. , Dakanalis A. , Di Lernia D. , Colombo D. , Catallo V. , Pedroli E. , Riva G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIt is noted that the perceptual experience of body and space can be modulated by changing the action capabilities or by manipulating the perceived body dimensions through a multisensory stimulation. This study adds to pre-existing literature by investigating the alterations in bodily experience following embodiment to both enlarged and shrunked bodies, while participants actively navigated in a virtual environment. A normal-sized body served as a reference condition. After each embodied navigation, participants estimated the height and width of three different body parts. Results revealed that the embodiment over shrunked body induced a significant reduction in participants’ body image, while no changes were reported after the embodiment over the enlarged body. Findings were discussed in terms of previous literature exploring the constraints implicated in the ownership over different bodies.
Arterial endoglin does not protect against arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Singh Esha , Redgrave Rachael E. , Phillips Helen M. , Arthur Helen M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Endoglin (ENG) forms a receptor complex with ALK1 in endothelial cells (ECs) to promote BMP9/10 signalling. Loss of function mutations in either ENG or ALK1 genes lead to the inherited vascular disorder hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), characterised by arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). However, the vessel-specific role of ENG and ALK1 proteins in protecting against AVMs is unclear. For example, AVMs have been described to initiate in arterioles, whereas ENG is predominantly expressed in venous ECs. To investigate whether ENG has any arterial involvement in protecting against AVM formation, we specifically depleted the Eng gene in venous and capillary endothelium whilst maintaining arterial expression, and investigated how this affected the incidence and location of AVMs in comparison with pan-endothelial Eng knockdown.

Methods
Using the mouse neonatal retinal model of angiogenesis, we first established the earliest time point at which Apj-Cre-ERT2 activity was present in venous and capillary ECs but absent from arterial ECs. We then compared the incidence of AVMs following pan-endothelial or venous/capillary-specific ENG knockout.

Results
Activation of Apj-Cre-ERT2 with tamoxifen from postnatal day (P) 5 ensured preservation of arterial ENG protein expression. Specific loss of ENG expression in ECs of veins and capillaries led to retinal AVMs at a similar frequency to pan-endothelial loss of ENG. AVMs occurred in the proximal as well as the distal part of the retina consistent with a defect in vascular remodelling during maturation of the vasculature.

Conclusion
Expression of ENG is not required in arterial ECs to protect against AVM formation.
Impact of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and endocrine therapy on sick leave in women with early-stage breast cancer during a 5-year period: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Plym Anna , Johansson Anna L. V. , Bower Hannah , Wennstig Anna-Karin , Fredriksson Irma , Ahlgren Johan , Lambe Mats 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To examine the influence of type of oncological treatment on sick leave in women of working age with early-stage breast cancer.

Methods
We identified 8870 women aged 30–64 diagnosed with stage I–II breast cancer between 2005 and 2012 in the Breast Cancer Data Base Sweden. Associations between type of oncological treatment (radiotherapy, endocrine therapy, and chemotherapy) and sick leave were estimated by hazard ratios, probabilities, and length of sick leave using multi-state survival analysis.

Results
During the first 5 years after diagnosis, women aged 50–54 years at diagnosis receiving chemotherapy spent on average 182 (95% CI 151–218) additional days on sick leave compared with women not receiving chemotherapy, but with otherwise similar characteristics. Correspondingly, women initiating endocrine therapy spent 30 (95% CI 18–44) additional days on sick leave and women receiving post-mastectomy radiotherapy 53 (95% CI 37–69) additional days. At year five, the rate of sick leave was increased in women who had received chemotherapy (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.11–1.28) or endocrine therapy (HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.05–1.26). Chemotherapy and endocrine therapy were associated with increased rates of sick leave due to depression or anxiety.

Conclusion
Our findings of increased long-term risks of sick leave after oncological treatment for breast cancer warrant attention from caregivers taking part in cancer rehabilitation. In light of the ongoing debate about overtreatment of early-stage breast cancer, our findings point to the importance of properly selecting patients for chemotherapy not only for the medical toxicity but also the possible impact on their livelihood.
Dual-energy CT angiography in suspected pulmonary embolism: influence of injection protocols on image quality and perfused blood volume
Authors: Kosmala Aleksander , Gruschwitz Philipp , Veldhoen Simon , Weng Andreas Max , Krauss Bernhard , Bley Thorsten Alexander , Petritsch Bernhard 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo compare intravenous contrast material (CM) injection protocols for dual-energy CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) in patients with suspected acute pulmonary embolism with regard to image quality and pulmonary perfused blood volume (PBV) values. A total of 198 studies performed with four CM injection protocols varying in CM volume and iodine delivery rates (IDR) were retrospectively included: (A) 60 ml at 5 ml/s (IDR = 1.75gI/s), (B) 50 ml at 5 ml/s (IDR = 1.75gI/s), (C) 50 ml at 4 ml/s (IDR = 1.40gI/s), (D) 40 ml at 3 ml/s (IDR = 1.05gI/s). Image quality and PBV values at different resolution settings were compared. Pulmonary arterial tract attenuation was highest for protocol A (397 ± 110 HU; p vs. B = 0.13; vs. C = 0.02; vs. D < 0.001). CTPA image quality of protocol A was rated superior compared to protocols B and D by reader 1 (p = 0.01; < 0.001), and superior to protocols B, C and D by reader 2 (p < 0.001; 0.02; < 0.001). Otherwise, there were no significant differences in CTPA quality ratings. Subjective iodine map ratings did not vary significantly between protocols A, B, and C. Both readers rated protocol D inferior to all other protocols (p < 0.05). PBV values did not vary significantly between protocols A and B at resolution settings of 1, 4 and 10 (p = 0.10; 0.10; 0.09), while otherwise PBV values displayed a decreasing trend from protocol A to D (p < 0.05). Higher CM volume and IDR are associated with superior CTPA and iodine map quality and higher absolute PBV values.