bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature Control to Reduce Capacity Mismatch in Parallel-Connected Lithium Ion Cells
Authors: Garg Mayank , Tanim Tanvir R. , Rahn Christopher D. , Bryngelsson Hanna , Legnedahl Niklas 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The temperature and capacity of individual cells affect the current distribution in a battery pack. Non uniform current distribution among parallel-connected cells can lead to capacity imbalance and premature aging. This paper develops models that calculate the current in parallel-connected cells and predict their capacity fade. The model is validated experimentally for a nonuniform battery pack at different temperatures. The paper also proposes and validates the hypothesis that temperature control can reduce capacity mismatch in parallel-connected cells. Three Lithium Iron Phosphate cells, two cells at higher initial capacity than the third cell, are connected in parallel. The pack is cycled for 1500 Hybrid Electric Vehicles cycles with the higher capacity cells regulated at 40°C and the lower capacity cell at 20°C. As predicted by the model, the higher capacity and temperature cells age faster, reducing the capacity mismatch by 48% over the 1500 cycles. A case study shows that cooling of low capacity cells can reduce capacity mismatch and extend pack life.
Modeling and Predictive Control of an Unmanned Underwater Vehicle
Authors: Rodriguez Nunez Renato , Soudbakhsh Damoon 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a model and optimal controller for Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs). We present a nonlinear six degrees of freedom model of the UUV that includes hydrodynamic and hydrostatic terms. To design the controller, we simplify the model using the geometry of the UUV as well as its operating conditions such as the depth and expected travel speed. Instead of designing a controller for the state space system, we used feedback linearization technique to decouple the motions. Then, a set of controllers were designed for each motion. To incorporate the constraints on the input and the state variables, we designed a fast Model Predictive Controller (MPC) for the UUV and compared its performance with a conventional controller.
Torsional Oscillations of a Shape-Morphing Plate in Viscous Fluids
Authors: Ahsan Syed N. , Aureli Matteo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate finite amplitude torsional oscillations of a shape-morphing plate submerged in a quiescent, Newtonian, incompressible fluid. To address this problem, we focus on a two-dimensional cross section of the plate and para-metrically study hydrodynamic moments and power dissipation during the plate oscillation as a function of the shape-morphing deformation intensity and the oscillation amplitude. This fluid-structure interaction problem is tackled within the framework of a computational fluid dynamics model where the fluid flow is described via the Navier-Stokes equations and the deformations of the structure are prescribed. The results demonstrate a gradual reduction of hydrodynamic moment and nonmonotonic power dissipation behavior as the imposed shape-morphing becomes more aggressive. In addition, power dissipation can be minimized for an optimum value of the shape-morphing intensity. Results from this study are relevant in underwater systems subjected to torsional oscillations and demonstrate an avenue for hydrodynamic moment control and reduction of energy losses.
A Passive Jumping Mechanism
Authors: Tallapragada Phanindra , Buzhardt Jake , Seney Robert 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper we present a novel unactuated mechanism that utilizes gravity to jump. The passive jumper is a hoop whose center of mass does not coincide with its geometric center. When the hoop rolls down an inclined plane, the center of mass of the hoop moves along a cycloid. As the hoop gains speed moving down the inclined plane, the normal reaction between the hoop and the plane becomes insufficient to ensure contact between the hoop and the plane. This allows the hoop to ‘jump’. Experiments and analysis show that such a jump can be significant, with the jump height from the plane being as high as one body length (diameter) of the hoop. The mechanics of the passive jumping hoop powered by gravity investigated in this paper can inspire the design of actuated jumping robots that can both roll and jump.
Model-Based Analysis of a Photovoltaic Array Powering a Flywheel Energy Storage System
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed , Tafreshi Reza , Khan Zurwa 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
One of the current technologies widely used to extract the earth’s renewable energy is solar modules, which harness energy from the sun; however, their operating conditions and their energy storage capacities vary greatly under different weather conditions. The high-speed Flywheel Energy Storage System (FESS) presents a promising prospective solution for solar energy storage and utilization. Accurately modeling FESS can lead to its efficient design and control. In this paper, a fully integrated FESS, with comprehensive photovoltaic (PV) system, has been modeled to simulate the overall energy harvesting capabilities, power output, and efficiency. The solar module has been modeled using the one-diode solar cell model technique to predict the overall system efficiency and determine the most efficient time of day for switching between the FESS’s charging (morning time) and discharging mode (night time). To validate the developed model using experimental data, four 250 Wp Ankara Solar PV modules and a Balance of System (BOS) were installed. The solar irradiance, wind speed, cell temperature, solar module, FESS output voltage and current were logged during the system’s operation. The theoretical model predicted that the energy output for the test day was 4.80 kWh, while the experimental analysis showed that the solar modules produced 4.68 kWh, only 2.5% percentage difference. The theoretical and experimental power curves followed the same trends throughout the day, which assures that the model could accurately predict the daily energy output of the solar array. The efficiency of the solar module was determined to be 15.3%. The solar module simulation serves as a repeatable replication of the actual solar module source, which enables convenient, low-cost estimation of the solar module-FESS system under different environmental conditions. The developed solar module was integrated with a brushless DC motor and flywheel models to simulate the FESS response. Relative to the input solar energy input of 4.68 kWh, the daily energy stored in a flywheel was 3.51 kWh, giving the overall solar-module-FESS system an efficiency of 74.7%. After the experimental setup completion of FESS, the integrated solar module-FESS model will be tested for its overall power output and efficiency against the traditional solar module-battery-system.
Bidirectional LSTM Recurrent Neural Network Plus Hidden Markov Model for Wearable Sensor Based Dynamic State Estimation
Authors: Sibal Ritika , Zhang Ding , Rocho-Levine Julie , Shorter K. Alex , Barton Kira 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Publisher’s Note:
This paper was selected for publication in ASME Letters in Dynamic Systems and Control.
https://www.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/lettersdynsys/article/doi/10.1115/1.4046685/1081846/Bidirectional-LSTM-Recurrent-Neural-Network-Plus
Multi-Mobile Sensing With Temporal-Spatial Coupling via Compressed Sensing
Authors: Li Tianwei , Zou Qingze 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the problem of using a limited number of mobile sensors to sense/measure a time-varying distribution of a field over a multi dimensional space is considered. As the number of sensors, in general, is not adequate for capturing the dynamic distribution with the needed spatial resolution, the sensors are required to be transited between the sampled locations, resulting in intermittent measurement at each sampled location. Therefore, it becomes challenging to use the measured data to recover/restore not only the dynamic process at each sampled/measured location, but also the dynamic distribution over the entire measured space, with high temporal and spatial resolutions. Such a multi-mobile sensing problem, however, cannot be addressed by using existing methods directly. In this work, we propose to tackle this problem through the compressed sensing framework. The randomness requirement of the compressed sensing, however, results in the temporal-spatial coupling, and the constraints in selecting the sampled locations due to the limit of the sensor speed. We propose a spatial-temporal pairing method to avoid the temporal-spatial coupling, and a checking-and-removal process to remove the sensor speed constraint. Simulation results of a video recovery example is presented and discussed to illustrate the proposed method.
Modeling Peripheral Artery Behavior Beneath a Non-Invasive Wearable Sensor Subject to Varying Outside Pressure
Authors: Wang Lu , Ansari Sardar , Cai Yingjie , Ward Kevin R. , Najarian Kayvan , Oldham Kenn R. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The state of the peripheral arteries is known to be a key physiological indicator of the body’s response to both acute and chronic medical conditions. In this paper, changes in peripheral artery behavior are tracked by combining a photo plethysmograph (PPG) sensor and a piezoelectric (PVDF) sensor with an outside pressure-varying cuff. In a swine subject, a simple mechanical model for the local artery and tissue captures broad features present in the PPG and PVDF signals, with respect to varying cuff pressure. These behaviors may provide insight into robustness of cardiovascular property identification by non-invasive wearable sensing.
Modeling of Thermal Dynamics of a Connected Hybrid Electric Vehicle for Integrated HVAC and Powertrain Optimal Operation
Authors: Doshi Nehal , Hanover Drew , Hemmati Sadra , Morgan Christopher , Shahbakhti Mahdi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Integrated energy management across system level components in electric vehicles (EVs) is currently an under-explored space. Opportunity exists to mitigate energy consumption and extend usable range of EVs through optimal control strategies which exploit system dynamics via controls integration of vehicle subsystems. Additionally, information available in connected vehicles like driver schedules, trip duration and ambient conditions can be leveraged to predict the operating conditions for a vehicle when a validated model of the vehicle is known. In this study, data-driven and physics-based models for heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) are developed and utilized along with the vehicle dynamics and powertrain (VD&PT) models for a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). The integrated HVAC and VD&PT models are then validated against real world data. Next, an integrated relationship between the internal combustion (IC) engine coolant and the cabin electric heater is established and used to promote potential energy savings in cabin heating when the operating schedule is known. Finally, an optimization study is conducted to establish a control strategy which maximizes the HVAC energy efficiency whilst maintaining occupant comfort levels according to ASHRAE standards and improving usable range of the vehicle relative to its baseline calibration.
Cooperative Collision Avoidance Control of Robotic Fish Propelled by a Servo/IPMC Driven Hybrid Tail
Authors: Yi Xiongfeng , Chen Zheng , Chakravarthy Animesh 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper develops and demonstrates cooperative collision avoidance control on two robotic fish propelled by a servo motor and an ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC)-driven fish tail. First, experiments conducted on a servo motor/IPMC-driven fish demonstrate an impulsive turning behavior in the fish’s trajectory under the application of a specific frequency, amplitude of the servo motor, and a constant voltage on the IPMC joint. These experiments validate the ‘back relaxation’ of the IPMC joint by observing the angular velocity and the centripetal acceleration of the fish. This impulsive turning speed due to the ‘back relaxation’ of IPMC joint is subsequently modeled by a transfer function and this transfer function is then integrated into the development of the collision avoidance laws for the fish. The collision avoidance control law utilizes the impulsive turning capability of the robotic fish. An experimental validation of the collision avoidance law is performed.
A Torque Balance Method for Multi-Cylinder Gasoline Engines With Non-Uniform Cylinder-to-Cylinder Combustion Strategies
Authors: Lin Qinghua , Chen Pingen 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Lean burn gasoline engines have attracted more and more attentions over the past two decades. One of the main challenges in commercializing lean burn gasoline engines in the United States is lean NOx control to meet the stringent NOx emission regulation. Several types of lean aftertreatment systems including passive selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems and lean NOx traps (LNTs), have been intensively investigated to meet the NOx emission requirements without triggering significant penalties on fuel efficiency. One of the most promising technologies to achieve this goal is non-uniform cylinder-to-cylinder combustion (NUCCC) control strategies. However, successful implementation of NUCCC strategies are challenging tasks since it may cause cylinder-to-cylinder torque imbalance and thus deterioration of drivability. The purpose of this study is to propose and evaluate a systematic method for generating the references of fuel quantity and air quantity for different cylinders to simultaneously achieve cylinder-to-cylinder torque balance and non-uniform cylinder-to-cylinder air/fuel ratio (AFR) for multi-cylinder engines in various scenarios. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, simulation studies were carried out using a multi-zone engine model. The simulation results show that, the proposed references, if successfully tracked, can lead to torque balance across the cylinders as well as non-uniform cylinder-to-cylinder AFR.
Class of Stabilizing Parallel Feedforward Compensators for Nonminimum-Phase Systems
Authors: Noury Keyvan , Yang Bingen 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this work, the properties of the class of parallel feedforward compensators to stabilize linear closed-loop systems are studied. The characteristic equation and its root locus behavior, including its asymptotes, are investigated to leave out the compensators that will not result in a stable closed-loop system. Even though there have been numerous studies relevant to parallel feedforward compensation that result in the optimal integration of squared errors (ISE), the broader view of all possible compensators has not been of much interest in the literature. Nevertheless, this study is important because, in the presence of noise and disturbance, an optimal ISE control design for the nominal plant may perform poorly while a finite ISE design may have a robust and efficient performance. One of such class compensators is parallel feedforward compensator with derivative effort (PFCD) that for a vast number of processes can have impressive properties such as no branch comebacks to the right half plane (RHP) of the root locus plot (LHP black hole effect). The example in this paper shows how effectively PFCD can contract the root locus branches into the LHP.
Rationale and design of the theRapeutic effects of peroneal nerve functionAl electrical stimuLation for Lower extremitY in patients with convalescent poststroke hemiplegia (RALLY) study: study protocol for a randomised controlled study
Authors: Matsumoto Shuji , Shimodozono Megumi , Noma Tomokazu 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionIncreasing evidence supports the utilisation of functional electrical stimulation (FES) to improve gait following stroke; however, few studies have focused exclusively on its use in the convalescent phase. In addition, its efficacy in patients with a non-Western life style has not been evaluated.Methods and analysisThis is a randomised, controlled, open-label multicentre study, comparing rehabilitation with and without FES. The purpose of our study is to test the hypothesis that the FES system improves walking ability in Japanese patients with hemiplegia during the convalescent phase. Two hundred patients aged 20–85 years who had an initial stroke ≤6 months prior to the enrolment, are in a convalescent phase (after the end of acute phase treatment, within 6 months after the onset of stroke) with functional ambulation classification 3 or 4 and have a hemiplegic gait disorder (drop foot) due to stroke have been recruited from 21 institutions in Japan. The patients are randomised in 1:1 fashion to usual gait rehabilitation or rehabilitation using FES (Walkaide). The trial duration is 8 weeks, and the primary outcome measured will be the change in maximum distance from baseline to the end of the trial, as measured with the 6 min walk test (6-MWT). The 6-MWT is performed barefoot, and the two treatment groups are compared using the analysis of covariance.Ethics and disseminationThis study is conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and the Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Health Research Involving Human Subjects and is approved by the ethics committee of all participating institutions. The published results will be disseminated to all the participants by the study physicians.Trial registration numberThe University Hospital Medical Information Network-Clinical Studies Registry (UMIN000020604).
To what degree are review outcomes aligned for new active substances (NASs) between the European Medicines Agency and the US Food and Drug Administration? A comparison based on publicly available information for NASs initially approved in the time period 2014 to 2016
Authors: Kühler Thomas Christian , Bujar Magda , McAuslane Neil , Liberti Lawrence 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo compare review outcome alignment between European Medicines Agency (EMA) and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for medicines approved by both agencies in the time period 2014–2016.DesignUsing publicly available information from FDA and EMA websites, new active substances (NASs) approved by each agency from 2014 to 2016 were identified and their characteristics assessed. Divergences in regulatory outcomes for simultaneous (within 91 days) submissions to both agencies were identified and then examined for use of facilitated regulatory pathways and orphan designations; submitted versus approved indications; and approval times.ResultsIn 2014–2016, 115 NASs were approved by EMA or FDA or both; 74/115 were new chemical entities and 41 new biological/biotechnology entities; 82/115 were approved by both agencies, 24 only by FDA and nine only by EMA. Simultaneous submission occurred for 52/115; 13/52 received expedited review by both agencies and 18 only by FDA; 8/52 received conditional approval from both agencies, 2/52 only from FDA and 1/52 only from EMA; 17/52 were designated as orphans by both agencies and 10/52 by FDA only; 31/52 indications were approved as submitted and 21 changed by EMA and 29/46 were approved as submitted (six not assessed) and 17/46 changed by FDA. Median FDA review timelines were 319 days compared with 409 days for EMA.ConclusionsThere was general agreement in EMA / FDA conditional approvals. FDA used expedited pathways and orphan designation more often than EMA, suggesting stricter EMA criteria or definitions for these designations or less flexible processes. Despite consistency in submitted indications, there was lack of concordance in approved indications, which should be further investigated. FDA review times are faster because of a wider range of expedited pathways and the two-step EMA process; this may change with recent revisions to EMA accelerated assessment guidelines and the launch of Priority Medicines.
Understanding the uptake of new hip replacement implants in the UK: a cohort study using data from the National Joint Registry for England and Wales
Authors: Penfold Chris M , Blom Ashley W , Sayers Adrian , Wilkinson J Mark , Hunt Linda , Judge Andrew , Whitehouse Michael R 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesPrimary: describe uptake of new implant components (femoral stem or acetabular cup/shell) for total hip replacements (THRs) in the National Joint Registry for England and Wales (NJR). Secondary: compare the characteristics of: (a) surgeons and (b) patients who used/received new rather than established components.DesignCohort of 618 393 primary THRs performed for osteoarthritis (±other indications) by 4979 surgeons between 2008 and 2017 in England and Wales from the NJR. We described the uptake of new (first recorded use >2008, used within 5 years) stems/cups, and variation in uptake by surgeons (primary objectives). We explored surgeon-level and patient-level factors associated with use/receipt of new components with logistic regression models (secondary objectives).OutcomesPrimary outcomes: total number of new cups/stems, proportion of operations using new versus established components. Secondary outcomes: odds of: (a) a surgeon using a new cup/stem in a calendar-year, (b) a patient receiving a new rather than established cup/stem.ResultsSixty-eight new cups and 72 new stems were used in 47 606 primary THRs (7.7%) by 2005 surgeons (40.3%) 2008–2017. Surgeons used a median of one new stem and cup (25%–75%=1–2 both, max=10 cups, max=8 stems). Surgeons performed a median total of 22 THRs (25%–75%=5–124, range=1–3938) in the period 2008–2017. Surgeons used new stems in a median of 5.0% (25%–75%=1.3%–16.1%) and new cups in a median of 9.4% (25%–75%=2.8%–26.7%) of their THRs. Patients aged <55 years old versus those 55–80 had higher odds of receiving a new rather than established stem (OR=1.83, 95% CI=1.73–1.93) and cup (OR=1.31, 95% CI=1.25–1.37). Women had lower odds of receiving a new stem (OR=0.87, 95% CI=0.84–0.90), higher odds of receiving a new cup (OR=1.06, 95% CI=1.03–1.09).ConclusionsLarge numbers of new THR components have been introduced in the NJR since 2008. 40% of surgeons have tried new components, with wide variation in how many types and frequency they have been used.