bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sodium alginate and pectin estimation in raft forming pharmaceuticals by high performance liquid chromatography method
Authors: Hanif Muhammad , Shah Shahid , Rasool Nasir , Abbas Ghulam , Saadullah Malik , Khan Sajid Mehmood , Ahmed Muhammad Masood , Abbas Nazar , Ashfaq Mehran , Iqbal Omeira 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the combined estimation of sodium alginate and pectin in raft forming pharmaceuticals on C18 column ZORBAX ODS (1.5 cm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with UV detection at 378 nm. The assay condition comprised of phosphate buffer pH 7.4 and methanol 60:40% v/v at a flow rate of 1.25 mL/min. The separation of sodium alginate and pectin with good resolution and a retention time less than 8 min was attained. The method was linear over a range of 200–800 μg/mL of sodium alginate and pectin. The regression values obtained from linearity curve of sodium alginate and pectin were 0.9993 and 0.9991, respectively. The retention time of sodium alginate and pectin was 3.931 and 7.470 min, respectively. The percent recovery of sodium alginate and pectin ranged from 94.2–98.5% and 92.1–98.4% respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of sodium alginate were found to be 2.443 and 3.129 μg/mL and the LOD and LOQ of pectin were 3.126 and 3.785 μg/mL, respectively. The resolution of sodium alginate and pectin was found in the range of 1.03–1.89 and 1.10–1.91, respectively. This method has been successfully applied to analyze the concentrations of sodium alginate and pectin in raft forming drug delivery systems.
“Just My Being Here is Self-Advocacy”: Exploring the Self-Advocacy Experiences of Disabled Graduate Students of Color
Authors: Karpicz Julia Rose 
Published: July 2020

Self-advocacy is emphasized as a critical practice for improving the retention and increasing the success of disabled students. In higher education, disability service offices and academic researchers jointly shape the conversation around what comprises effective self-advocacy. Students who are not engaging in these prescribed strategies are then framed as underprepared and/or lacking the skills required to self-advocate effectively. Unexamined within this discourse are how identity, power, and environment shape students’ self-advocacy as well as the ways students engage in self-advocacy outside of normative accommodation structures. This study intervenes by examining the extent to which dominant scholarly and practitioner understandings of self-advocacy align, resonate, and/or diverge from the lived experiences of self-advocacy among disabled graduate students of color. By centering the voices of multiply marginalized students, this study raises questions about what may be obscured when scholars rely only on academic definitions of self-advocacy in the design, framing, and analysis of their research.
“From White Deaf People’s Adversity to Black Deaf Gain”: A Proposal for a New Lens of Black Deaf Educational History
Authors: Tsegay Moges Rezenet 
Published: July 2020

This paper re-visits Bauman and Murray’s (2014) “Deaf Gain,” using the perspectives of Black Deaf history. Due to the enforcement of the Oral policy in U.S. educational system during 1890s through 1960s, the language transmission of American Sign Language (ASL) for many generations of White Deaf people were fractured (Gannon, 1981). During the segregation, approximately 81.25% of the Black Deaf schools maintained their signed education, which ironically provided better education than the White-only schools. Consequently, the language variation of Black Deaf people in the South, called as “Black ASL” (McCaskill et al., 2011), flourished due to the historical adversity of White Deaf experience. Thus, the sustainability of Black ASL empowered this ethnic group of American Deaf community, which I am re-framing to what I call “Black Deaf Gain” and presenting a different objective of the ontology of Black Deaf experience.
Kidney Disease-Associated APOL1 Variants Have Dose-Dependent, Dominant Toxic Gain-of-Function
Authors: Datta Somenath , Kataria Rama , Zhang Jia-Yue , Moore Savannah , Petitpas Kaitlyn , Mohamed Adam , Zahler Nathan , Pollak Martin R. , Olabisi Opeyemi A. 
Published: July 2020

Significance Statement

APOL1 alleles G1 and G2 are associated with high incidence and rapid progression of CKD in blacks of West African ancestry. The mechanism of APOL1 cytotoxicity is poorly understood, partly because cell-based models express variable amounts of APOL1 and yield contradictory results. Experiments using a stable human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK293) demonstrate that expression of G1 or G2 at relevant levels causes dose-dependent cytotoxicity, but the wild-type reference allele G0 does not. G0 does not reduce cytotoxicity of G1 or G2 APOL1. The mutant alleles therefore introduce a dominant toxic gain-of-function. Dose-dependent G1 or G2 cytotoxicity could explain incomplete penetrance of APOL1 nephropathy. Reducing expression of G1 or G2 could represent a therapeutic strategy for APOL1 nephropathy.

Background
Two coding renal risk variants (RRVs) of the APOL1 gene (G1 and G2) are associated with large increases in CKD rates among populations of recent African descent, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. Mammalian cell culture models are widely used to study cytotoxicity of RRVs, but results have been contradictory. It remains unclear whether cytotoxicity is RRV-dependent or driven solely by variant-independent overexpression. It is also unknown whether expression of the reference APOL1 allele, the wild-type G0, could prevent cytotoxicity of RRVs.

Methods
We generated tetracycline-inducible APOL1 expression in human embryonic kidney HEK293 cells and examined the effects of increased expression of APOL1 (G0, G1, G2, G0G0, G0G1, or G0G2) on known cytotoxicity phenotypes, including reduced viability, increased swelling, potassium loss, aberrant protein phosphorylation, and dysregulated energy metabolism. Furthermore, whole-genome transcriptome analysis examined deregulated canonical pathways.

Results
At moderate expression, RRVs but not G0 caused cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner that coexpression of G0 did not reduce. RRVs also have dominant effects on canonical pathways relevant for the cellular stress response.

Conclusions
In HEK293 cells, RRVs exhibit a dominant toxic gain-of-function phenotype that worsens with increasing expression. These observations suggest that high steady-state levels of RRVs may underlie cellular injury in APOL1 nephropathy, and that interventions that reduce RRV expression in kidney compartments may mitigate APOL1 nephropathy.
Em terreno movediço: entre a cultura e a instituição da educação popular / Into quicksands: between the culture and the institution of popular education
Authors: Valdanha Neto Diógenes 
Published: July 2020

A Educação Popular se expressa em diversas práticas dos movimentos populares. Circundar alguns de seus aspectos teóricos mais centrais pode contribuir para maior assertividade e fecundidade das ações educacionais. Frente a isso, este ensaio teórico tem o objetivo de argumentar sobre a centralidade do conceito antropológico de cultura para a existência da Educação Popular na condição de práxis educacional, e discutir limites e possibilidades de sua institucionalização. Parte-se da discussão conceitual mais aprofundada do conceito antropológico de cultura, sobretudo a partir do diálogo de Paulo Freire com outros autores. Em seguida, são discutidas algumas possibilidades e limitações decorrentes dessa centralidade – o Marco de Referência da Educação Popular para as Políticas Públicas (2014) é discutido como parâmetro para a questão. O artigo é finalizado em meio ao reconhecimento da perene situação de movimento da Educação Popular como paradigma educacional e maior expressão de sua potência criadora.Palavras-chave: Educação Popular. Paulo Freire. Políticas Públicas. Cultura. Educação do Campo. ABSTRACT: Popular education is expressed in various practices of popular movements. Framing some of its most central theoretical aspects can contribute to greater assertiveness and fruitfulness of educational actions. Therefore, this article aims to argue about the centrality of the anthropological concept of culture for the existence of Popular Education as an educational praxis, and to discuss limits and possibilities of its institutionalization. It starts from a deeper conceptual discussion of the anthropological concept of culture, especially from Paulo Freire's dialogue with other authors. Then, some possibilities and limitations arising from this centrality are discussed – the Popular Education Framework for Public Policies (2014) is discussed as a parameter for the issue. The article ends with the recognition of the enduring situation of movement in the educational paradigm of Popular Education as its greater expression of creative power.Keywords: Popular education. Paulo Freire. Public policy. Culture. Rural Education.
PENTINGNYA PENDEKATAN KETERAMPILAN PROSES PADA PEMBELAJARAN IPA DI MADRASAH
Authors: Mahmudah Laely 
Published: July 2020

<p>Pendekatan keterampilan proses penting untuk diaplikasikan pada pembelajaran IPA di Madrasah. Keunggulan pendekatan keterampilan proses di dalam proses pembelajaran antara lain, peserta didik terlibat langsung dengan objek nyata sehingga dapat mempermudah pemahaman peserta didik terhadap materi pelajaran, peserta didik menemukan sendiri konsep-konsep yang dipelajari, melatih peserta didik untuk berpikir lebih kritis, melatih peserta didik untuk bertanya dan terlibat lebih aktif dalam pembelajaran, mendorong peserta didik untuk menemukan konsep-konsep baru, memberi kesempatan kepada peserta didik untuk belajar menggunakan metode ilmiah. Guru dalam pembelajaran IPA menggunakan pendekatan keterampilan proses sebaiknya membuat perencanaan yang baik dan membuat LKPD agar pembelajaran lebih terarah, efektif, dan berpengaruh positif terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik.</p><p> </p><p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>THE IMPORTANCE OF PROCESS SKILL APPROACH ON SCIENCE LEARNING IN MADRASA:</em><strong> </strong><em>Process skills approach is essential to be applied to science learning in Madrasa. Excellen</em><em>t</em><em> process skills approach in the learning process, such as students directly involved with the real object so as to facilitate students understanding of the subject matter, the students find their own concepts studies, to train students to think more critically, to train students to ask and be more active in learning, encourage students to discover new concepts, provide an opportunity for students to learn to use the scientific method. Teachers in learning science apply process skills approach should make a good planning and making worksheet for learning more targeted, effective, and positive influence on the learning outcomes of students.</em><strong></strong></p><p><strong> </strong><strong></strong></p>
MENGEMBANGKAN KREATIVITAS SISWA MELALUI KONSEP PEMBELAJARAN DI LUAR KELAS (OUTDOOR STUDY)
Authors: Krisdaniastutik Faria , Hadi Nur 
Published: July 2020

<p align="center">Sasaran utama dalam kerangka sistem dan aktivitas persekolahan di antaranya mempersatukan pendidikan dan kreativitas peserta didik. Tujuannya untuk menumbuhkembangkan potensi-potensi yang dimiliki anak didik termasuk potensi memberikan respon kreatif terhadap hal-hal sekitar kehidupannya. Ada yang beranggapan bahwa bila daya kreativitas peserta didik rendah, maka secara pedagogis ada yang kurang pas dalam kerangka sistem dan aktivitas persekolahan. Pendidikan bukan hanya bagaimana cara untuk memperoleh pengetahuan. Namun, pendidikan merupakan upaya untuk meningkatkan pemahaman, sikap, kreativitas dan keterampilan serta perkembangan diri anak. Kemampuan atau kompetensi ini diharapkan dapat dicapai melalui berbagai proses pembelajaran di sekolah. Salah satu proses pembelajaran yang digunakan untuk mencapai kompetensi diatas adalah melalui pembelajaran di luar kelas (<em>outdoor</em><em> study</em>). Artikel ini merupakan kajian <em>library research </em>yang menampilkan wacana dan sumber-sumber pustaka dalam menjawab pertanyaan yang terfokus dalam tema yang penulis ambil, yakni menampilkan bagaimana konsep penerapan pembelajaran di luar kelas, bagaimana lingkungan dan alam berperan sebagai sumber belajar pembelajaran di luar kelas, apa kelebihan dan kelemahan dari pembelajaran di luar kelas, serta bagaimana cara meningkatkan kreativitas siswa melalui pembelajaran di luar kelas.</p>
Food Insecurity, Diet Quality, Home Food Availability, and Health Risk Behaviors Among Emerging Adults: Findings From the EAT 2010–2018 Study
Authors: Larson Nicole , Laska Melissa N. , Neumark-Sztainer Dianne 
Published: July 2020

Objectives. To examine emerging adults’ experiences of food insecurity in relation to measures of diet quality, food literacy, home food availability, and health behaviors. Methods. We used EAT 2010–2018 (Eating and Activity over Time) study data on 1568 participants who completed surveys as adolescents in 2009 to 2010 and follow-up surveys in 2017 to 2018 (mean age = 22.0 ±2.0 years; 58% female). At baseline, participants were recruited from 20 urban schools in Minneapolis–St Paul, Minnesota. Food insecurity was defined by emerging adult report of both eating less than they thought they should and not eating when hungry because of lack of money. Results. The prevalence at follow up of experiencing food insecurity in the past year was 23.3% among emerging adults. Food insecurity was associated with poorer diet quality (e.g., less vegetables and whole grains, more sugar-sweetened drinks and added sugars), lower home availability of healthy foods, skipping breakfast, frequently eating at fast-food restaurants, binge eating, binge drinking, and substance use (all P < .01). Conclusions. Assistance programs and policies are needed to address food insecurity among emerging adults and should be coordinated with other services to protect health.
Evolution of an Archean fan delta and its implications for the initiation of uplift and deformation in the Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa
Authors: Drabon Nadja , Heubeck Christoph E. , Lowe Donald R. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
The 3.28 to 3.23 Ga Mapepe Formation in the Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa, marks the initiation of widespread tectonic uplift and deformation after nearly 300 million years of predominantly basaltic and komatiitic magmatism under largely anorogenic conditions. This rapid transition is recorded in the eastern Barite Valley area by the buildup of a fan delta. Well-exposed sections there reach about 450 m thick and can be divided (from base to top) into five informal members: Member 1 is dominated by mudstone with subordinate banded ferruginous chert and turbiditic sandstone representing a deep-water basinal environment. Member 2 is composed of siltstone and fine-grained sandstone reworked by currents to form laminated, cross-laminated, and low-angle cross-stratified sediments in an off-shore or possibly subtidal fan-delta-front setting. Member 3 overlies member 2 unconformably; it is composed of predominantly coarse-grained, cross-bedded sandstone interbedded with laminated mudstone deposited on shallow-subtidal to intertidal flats along the fringe of a small fan delta in which putative microbial mats covered low-energy upper tidal flats. Fan-delta sedimentation was subsequently overwhelmed by the influx of dacitic pyroclastic sediments of member 4. Orthochemical sedimentary rocks including barite, jaspilite, and chert deposited on top of this shallow-water bank. Mappable facies changes towards the northeast and southwest document the transition from bank top into major mass-transport deposits of fan-delta slope facies and then into basinal deposits. Subsequent relative sea-level rise resulted in the return to below-wave-base deposition of turbiditic sandstone, mudstone, and banded ferruginous chert of member 5.
The lenticular geometry of units in cross section, mineralogical immaturity, and high variability in provenance of the coarse-grained units imply short-distance transport of sediment derived from strata of the underlying Onverwacht Group and from local penecontemporaneous dacitic volcanism. Throughout the greenstone belt, Mapepe rocks in several structural belts display fan deltas developed adjacent to small, local uplifts. While the cause of these uplifts has generally been associated with the initiation of geodynamically driven tectonic activity in the BGB, it is possible that a cluster of large meteorite impacts may have directly or indirectly triggered the crustal deformation.
REVITALISASI FUNGSI MASJID SEBAGAI PUSAT PENGAJARAN ALQURAN MELALUI PELATIHAN MANAJEMEN MADRASAH DINIYYAH DI DUSUN SELUNGGUH KABUPATEN MAGETAN
Authors: Natsir Ahmad , Rahmawati Amalia , Nitasari Estiqomah Ayum 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRAK Masyarakat dusun Selungguh yang rata-rata mempunyai mata pencaharian berupa pertanian menggantungkan kehidupan mereka pada siklus alam. Hal inilah yang membuat mereka secara naluri mendekatkan diri mereka kepada Tuhan yme. sebagai pemilik alam raya agar senantiasa memberikan tanaman yang subur serta hasil yang baik. Rupa-rupanya hal ini tidak didukung dengan estafet keilmuan baca tulis Alquran kepada generasi selanjutnya. Menurunnya intitusi pengajaran yang ada di masjid Al-Falah membuat para warga berinisiatif mejalankan program pengajaran Alquran secara privat di masing-masing rumah. Hal inilah yang menjadikan peneliti bekerjasama dengan tokoh agama dan masyarakat dusun Selungguh untuk mengadakan pelatihan manajemen madrasah diniyyah dalam rangka revitalisasi fungsi masjid sebagai pusat pengajaran Alquran. Dengan sambutan yang hangat dari warga masyarakat peneliti mengundah tokoh yang berkompeten dalam bidang ini untuk memberikan pelatihan. Dengan materi dan kemapuan yang mumpuni masyarakat tergerak untuk kembali mengagendakan program pengajaran Alquran di masjid yang mereka sudah punyai. Dengan dampingan yang intens selama satu bulan penuh. Akhirnya pemusatan pengajaran Alquran di masjid al-Falah berjalan dengan baik dan disambut oleh masyarakat dengan antisias.
Single-cell RNA seq analysis identifies the biomarkers and differentiation of chondrocyte in human osteoarthritis
Authors: Zhang Xiaolu , Huang Nianlai , Huang Rongfu , Wang Liangming , Ke Qingfeng , Cai Liquan , Wu Shiqiang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background： Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was recently adopted for exploring molecular programmes and lineage progression patterns of pathogenesis of important diseases. In this study, scRNA-seq was used to identify potential markers for chondrocytes in osteoarthritis (OA) and to explore the function of different types of chondrocytes in OA.Methods：Here we aimed to identify the biomarkers and differentiation of chondrocyte by Single-cell RNA seq analysis. GeneOntology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were used to identify the function of candidate marker genes in chondrocytes. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to find the hub genes in 3 types of chondrocyte respectively. We also used qRT-PCR to detect the expression level of the candidate marker genes in different types of chondrocyte. Results： In this study, we characterized the single-cell expression profiling of 480 chondrocyte samples and found hypertrophic chondrocyte (HTC), homeostatic chondrocyte (HomC) and fibrocartilage chondrocyte (FC) respectively. The results of GO and KEGG analysis showed the candidate marker genes made specific function in these chondrocytes to regulate the development of OAs respectively. We further revealed the differential expression of top 10 marker genes in 3 types of chondrocyte. The marker genes of HTC and FC were mainly expressed in their cell subset respectively. The marker genes of HomC did not have obviously differential expression among different types of chondrocyte. Last, we predicted the key genes in each cell subset. CD44, JUN and FN1 were predicted tightly related to the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes in OAs and could be regarded as biomarkers to estimate the development of OA. Conclusion： Our results provide new insights into exploring the roles of different types of chondrocyte in OA. The biomarkers of chondrocyte were also valuable for estimating OA progression.
Interobserver variability in target volume delineation in definitive radiotherapy for thoracic esophageal cancer: A multi-center study from China
Authors: Chang Xiao , Deng Wei , Wang Xin , Zhou Zongmei , Yang Jun , Guo Wenling , Liu Miaoling , Qi Xiaolu , Li Ling , Zhang Kaixian , Zhang Min , Shi Yonggang , Liu Ke , Zhao Yidian , Wang Huitao , Yu Zhilong , Zhang Jihong , Wang Lihua , Qiao Xueying , Han Chun , Zhu Shuchai , Zhang Ruohui , Chen Junqiang , Hu Cairong , Zhang Fuquan , Hou Xiaorong , Pang Qingsong , Zhang Wencheng , Li Gaofeng , Lin Hailei , Sun Xinchen , Ge Xiaolin , Li Caihong , Ge Hong , Li Dingjie , Wang Yadi , Lu Na , Gao Xianshu , Qin Shangbin , Tian Yuan , Xiao Zefen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the interobserver variability (IOV) in target volume delineation of definitive radiotherapy for thoracic esophageal cancer (TEC) among cancer centers in China, and ultimately improve contouring consistency as much as possible to lay the foundation for multi-center prospective studies. Methods: Sixteen cancer centers throughout China participated in this study. In Phase 1, three suitable cases with upper, middle, and lower TEC were chosen, and participants were asked to contour a group of gross tumor volume (GTV-T), nodal gross tumor volume (GTV-N) and clinical target volume (CTV) for each case based on their routine experience. In Phase 2, the same clinicians were instructed to follow a contouring protocol to re-contour another group of target volume. The variation of the target volume was analyzed and quantified using dice similarity coefficient (DSC). Results: Sixteen clinicians provided routine volumes, whereas ten provided both routine and protocol volumes for each case. The IOV of routine GTV-N was the most striking in all cases, with the smallest DSC of 0.37 (95% CI: 0.32-0.42), followed by CTV, whereas GTV-T showed high consistency. After following the protocol, the smallest DSC of GTV-N was improved to 0.64 (95% CI: 0.45-0.83, P=0.005) but the DSC of GTV-T and CTV remained constant in most cases. Conclusion: Variability in target volume delineation was observed, but it could be significantly reduced and controlled using mandatory interventions.
Inositol triphosphate-triggered calcium release blocks lipid exchange at endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi contact sites
Authors: Malek Charles , Wawrzyniak Anna Maria , Koch Peter ,   Christian L&#x00FC;chtenborg, Hessenberger Manuel , Sachsenheimer Timo , Jang Wonyul , Bruegger Britta , Haucke Volker 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Vesicular traffic and membrane contact sites between organelles enable the exchange of proteins, lipids, and metabolites. Recruitment of membrane tethers to contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the plasma membrane is often triggered by calcium. In contrast, we reveal here a function for calcium in the repression of cholesterol export at membrane contact sites between the ER and the Golgi complex. We show that calcium efflux from ER stores induced by inositol-triphosphate [IP3] accumulation upon loss of the inositol 5-phosphatase INPP5A or sustained receptor signaling triggers the depletion of cholesterol and associated complex glycosphingolipids from the cell surface, resulting in a blockade of clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) of bacterial toxins. This phenotype is caused by the calcium-induced dissociation of oxysterol binding protein (OSBP) from the Golgi complex and from VAP-containing membrane contact sites. Our findings reveal a crucial function for INPP5A-mediated IP3 hydrolysis in the control of lipid exchange at membrane contact sites.