bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
State and civil society in Egypt: 2011-2015
Authors: Sayed Asmaa Mostafa 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the nature of the relationship between the state and civil society after the 2011 uprising.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted Mygdal’s approach to analyze the relationship between the state and civil society and identify their ability to control the rules of the political game. The study also draws on the theoretical framework of the hypotheses introduced by a number of scholars on the forms of potential relations between the state and civil society, and the impact of these forms on advancing the process of democratization.FindingsThis study argues that despite some important changes in favor of civil societyvis-à-visthe state, it is too early to conclude that a dramatic change has occurred in this relationship, due to a discernable unbalanced power in favor of the state. The state revealed after 2011 that these organizations acted against the state’s stability and against its fundamentals.Originality/valueTo the best of the author’s knowledge, this research is the first to study the relationship between the state and the civil society in Egypt after 2011 events.
Perceptions of a heritage site and animosity: the case of the West Bank
Authors: Abraham Villy , Poria Yaniv 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
Drawing on the theories of social identity and realistic conflict theory, the purpose of this study is to enrich the literature by proposing and testing a model conceptualizing the relationships between animosity, an antecedent (tourists’ perception of a heritage site) and demand variables (e.g. length of stay).

Design/methodology/approach
Data collected for the study is based on a combination of qualitative (20 interviews) and quantitative research (n = 330) methods.

Findings
The study demonstrates that animosity should be integrated into tourism research. The study provides relevant insights indicating that animosity harbored toward locals is crucial to the understanding of tourists’ behavior.

Research limitations/implications
The study provides relevant insights indicating that animosity harbored toward locals is crucial to the understanding of tourists’ behavior.

Practical implications
Managerial implications for those entrusted with the promotion of tourism and site management are suggested in areas at the heart of a conflict.

Originality/value
The study of animosity challenges the common view in heritage tourism which focus on positive emotions harbored by tourists. In the present study, the authors focus on the consequences of negative emotions.
Trade‐off between vegetation type, soil erosion control and surface water in global semi‐arid regions: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu Gao‐Lin , Liu Yi‐Fan , Cui Zeng , Liu Yu , Shi Zhi‐Hua , Yin Rui , Kardol Paul 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Soil erosion control and water resource protection can closely interact during restoration of terrestrial ecosystems. In semi‐arid ecosystems, an urgent issue is how vegetation restoration can achieve the goal of soil erosion mitigation and water conservation, which in turn, feeds back to ecosystem functioning.

We reviewed 78 articles from 22 countries in semi‐arid areas to evaluate the effects of vegetation type (i.e. forest, grassland and scrubland) on runoff and sediment yields across different environmental conditions (i.e. vegetation coverage, rainfall intensity, slope gradient and soil texture).

Our meta‐analysis shows that runoff and sediment reduction both increased as the vegetation coverage increased, and tended to be stable when vegetation coverage exceeded 60%. Vegetation provided a greater benefit for sediment reduction than for runoff control under intense rainfall. Grasslands were generally more effective in reducing sediment than other vegetation types. Forests, grasslands and scrublands were most efficient in soil erosion control on 20°–30°, 0°–25° and 10°–25° slopes respectively. Grasslands and scrublands generally performed better with respect to soil erosion control on moderately coarse soils, whereas forests were most effective on medium‐textured and moderately fine soils.

Synthesis and applications. Effective restoration and soil erosion control in semi‐arid ecosystems strongly depends on the selection of vegetation type. Our study further indicates that, for land managers, it is critical to consider local slope, and soil texture, and maintain appropriate vegetation coverage to achieve ecosystem sustainability. Grasslands might be particularly suitable to optimize the trade‐off between soil erosion control and surface water resource in semi‐arid regions.
The therapeutic effect of B‐type natriuretic peptides in acute decompensated heart failure
Authors: Caprnda Martin , Zulli Anthony , Shiwani Haaris A. , Kubatka Peter , Filipova Slavomira , Valentova Vanda , Gazdikova Katarina , Mozos Ioana , Berukstis Andrius , Laucevicius Aleksandras , Rihacek Ivan , Dragasek Jozef , Prosecky Robert , Egom Emmanuel E. , Staffa Robert , Kruzliak Peter , Krasnik Vladimir 
Published: February 2020

AbstractB‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) exhibits roles in natriuresis and diuresis, making it an ideal drug that may aid in diuresing a fluid‐overloaded patient with poor or worsening renal function. Several randomized clinical trials have tested the hypothesis that infusions of pharmacological doses of BNP to acute heart failure (HF) patients may enhance decongestion and preserve renal function in this clinical setting. Unfortunately, none of these have demonstrated beneficial outcomes. The current challenge for BNP research in acute HF lies in addressing a failure of concept and a reluctance to abandon an ineffective research model. Future success will necessitate a detailed understanding of the mechanism of action of BNP, as well as better integration of basic and clinical science.
Beyond oil degradation: enzymatic potential of Alcanivorax to degrade natural and synthetic polyesters
Authors: Zadjelovic Vinko , Chhun Audam , Quareshy Mussa , Silvano Eleonora , Hernandez‐Fernaud Juan R. , Aguilo‐Ferretjans María M. , Bosch Rafael , Dorador Cristina , Gibson Matthew I. , Christie‐Oleza Joseph A. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryPristine marine environments are highly oligotrophic ecosystems populated by well‐established specialized microbial communities. Nevertheless, during oil spills, low‐abundant hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria bloom and rapidly prevail over the marine microbiota. The genus Alcanivorax is one of the most abundant and well‐studied organisms for oil degradation. While highly successful under polluted conditions due to its specialized oil‐degrading metabolism, it is unknown how they persist in these environments during pristine conditions. Here, we show that part of the Alcanivorax genus, as well as oils, has an enormous potential for biodegrading aliphatic polyesters thanks to a unique and abundantly secreted alpha/beta hydrolase. The heterologous overexpression of this esterase proved a remarkable ability to hydrolyse both natural and synthetic polyesters. Our findings contribute to (i) better understand the ecology of Alcanivorax in its natural environment, where natural polyesters such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are produced by a large fraction of the community and, hence, an accessible source of carbon and energy used by the organism in order to persist, (ii) highlight the potential of Alcanivorax to clear marine environments from polyester materials of anthropogenic origin as well as oils, and (iii) the discovery of a new versatile esterase with a high biotechnological potential.
Single‐step transfer of biosynthetic operons endows a non‐magnetotactic Magnetospirillum strain from wetland with magnetosome biosynthesis
Authors: Dziuba Marina V. , Zwiener Theresa , Uebe Rene , Schüler Dirk 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe magnetotactic lifestyle represents one of the most complex traits found in many bacteria from aquatic environments and depends on magnetic organelles, the magnetosomes. Genetic transfer of magnetosome biosynthesis operons to a non‐magnetotactic bacterium has only been reported once so far, but it is unclear whether this may also occur in other recipients. Besides magnetotactic species from freshwater, the genus Magnetospirillum of the Alphaproteobacteria also comprises a number of strains lacking magnetosomes, which are abundant in diverse microbial communities. Their close phylogenetic interrelationships raise the question whether the non‐magnetotactic magnetospirilla may have the potential to (re)gain a magnetotactic lifestyle upon acquisition of magnetosome gene clusters. Here, we studied the transfer of magnetosome gene operons into several non‐magnetotactic environmental magnetospirilla. Single‐step transfer of a compact vector harbouring >30 major magnetosome genes from M. gryphiswaldense induced magnetosome biosynthesis in a Magnetospirillum strain from a constructed wetland. However, the resulting magnetic cellular alignment was insufficient for efficient magnetotaxis under conditions mimicking the weak geomagnetic field. Our work provides insights into possible evolutionary scenarios and potential limitations for the dissemination of magnetotaxis by horizontal gene transfer and expands the range of foreign recipients that can be genetically magnetized.
Unionized employees’ influence on executive compensation: Evidence from Korea
Authors: Park Min 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article explores the relationship between executive compensation and employee voice using a panel dataset from Korean firms. It was found that the existence and rate of labour unionization are both negatively associated with executive compensation payment, and that the negative association is progressively stronger for upper percentile executive pay. Labour union existence also has a strong negative correlation with stock option use in executive compensation packages, but unionization rate does not, implying that union existence is more critical in shaping executive compensation structures than the strength of the union. Membership of large family‐owned business conglomerates (chaebol), high financial risk and high employee wages are identified as channels that reinforce the negative influence of labour unions on executive compensation.
A novel improved symbiotic organisms search algorithm
Authors: Nama Sukanta , Saha Apu Kumar , Sharma Sushmita 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFor last two decades, nature‐inspired metaheuristic algorithms together with their modified, improved, and hybrid versions have been gaining huge popularity in the field of optimization in solving continuous and complex real‐life optimization problems. In this work, a novel improved symbiosis organism search (SOS) algorithm, called self‐adaptive beneficial factor‐based improved SOS (SaISOS, in short) is suggested. The self‐adaptive benefit factors and a modified mutualism phase (called “Three‐way mutualism phase”) have been introduced here to upgrade the performance of SOS algorithm. A random weighted reflection coefficient and a new control operator have also been introduced. To validate the proposed algorithm and to compare its performance with other state‐of‐the‐art algorithms, 15 IEEE‐CEC 2015 functions have been employed and the experimental results confirm that SaISOS provides competitive results on most occasions. Also, the proposed algorithm is used to solve five real‐world optimization problems. Considering the average output, it is observed that the proposed method performs significantly better in solving the real‐world problems compared to the alternative state‐of‐the art techniques considered in this
work.
Substance use treatment clinician attitudes to care for chronic disease health risk behaviours and associations of attitudes with care provision
Authors: Tremain Danika , Freund Megan , Bowman Jenny , Wolfenden Luke , Wye Paula , Dunlop Adrian , Bartlem Kate , McElwaine Kathleen , Gillham Karen , Wiggers John 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsPeople who use substances have a high prevalence of modifiable chronic disease health risk behaviours. Preventive care to address such risks has not traditionally been provided during substance use treatment. This study aimed to assess clinicians' attitudes towards preventive care and their association with care provision.Design and MethodsA cross‐sectional study utilising computer‐assisted telephone interviews was undertaken with clinicians (n = 54) of community‐based substance use treatment services in one health district, Australia. Clinicians indicated their agreement with 10 attitudinal statements regarding their perceived role and self‐efficacy in providing preventive care and perceptions of client interest in modifying behaviours. Logistic regression analyses examined the association between clinician attitudinal items and self‐reported care provision.ResultsFifty‐four clinicians (74%) agreed to participate. The most positive attitudes were preventive care being part of their role (100%), and they have the knowledge and skills to provide preventive care (100%). The least favourable attitude was clients were interested in changing their health risk behaviours (60%). Clinicians who reported that preventive care left little time to undertake acute care were more likely to assess for smoking (OR 8.06 [95% CI 1.31, 49.46]) and less likely to provide brief advice for all risks combined (OR 0.11 [95% CI 0.02, 0.63]).Discussion and ConclusionsOverall, clinicians reported positive attitudes regarding the preventive care provision for modifiable health risk behaviours in substance use treatment settings. Further research is required to investigate why, despite such positive attitudes, clinicians in substance use treatment settings do not routinely provide preventive care.
Traffic noise and responses to a simulated approaching avian predator in mixed‐species flocks of chickadees, titmice, and nuthatches
Authors: Jung Hwayoung , Sherrod Atira , LeBreux Steven , Price Joshua M. , Freeberg Todd M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTraffic noise likely reaches a wide range of species and populations throughout the world, but we still know relatively little about how it affects anti‐predator behavior of populations. We tested for possible effects of traffic noise on responses to predator acoustic cues in Carolina chickadees (Poecile carolinensis), tufted titmice (Baeolophus bicolor), and white‐breasted nuthatches (Sitta carolinensis) near 14 independent feeding stations in eastern Tennessee. We compared anti‐predator calling and seed‐taking behavior in response to playbacks of predator stimuli (screech owl calls) at sites naturally exposed to traffic noise and at sites that faced relatively little traffic noise. The screech owl call playback was designed to simulate the approach of this dangerous predator to a feeder being used by these small songbirds. We found that chickadees responded consistently to the owl stimuli across different levels of traffic noise. However, titmice, and nuthatches exhibited different behavioral responses to the predator stimulus, suggesting that traffic noise masked these low‐frequency predator calls. Overall, chickadees and nuthatches showed the broadest anti‐predator behavioral responses in comparison to titmice, corroborating earlier published work with an Indiana population. Finally, populations exposed to traffic noise overall seemed less able to detect predator cues potentially masked by that noise, and future work will need to assess likely seasonal variation in these responses as well as species‐level variation in anti‐predator responses in mixed‐species groups.
Cell‐cycle dependence of transcriptome gene modules: comparison of regression lines
Authors: Vinogradov Alexander E. , Anatskaya Olga V. 
Published: February 2020

The transcriptome consists of various gene modules that can be mutually dependent, and ignoring these dependencies may lead to misinterpretation. The most important problem is module dependence on cell‐cycle activity. Using meta‐analysis of over 30 000 single‐cell transcriptomes, we show gene module dependencies on cell‐cycle signature, which can be consistently observed in various normal and cancer cells. Transcript levels of receptors, plasma membrane, and differentiation‐related genes are negatively regressed on cell‐cycle signature. Pluripotency, stress response, DNA repair, chromatin remodeling, proteasomal protein degradation, protein network connectivity, and unicellular evolutionary origin are regressed positively. These effects cannot be explained by partial overlap of corresponding gene sets because they remain if the overlapped genes were removed. We propose a visual analysis of gene module‐specific regression lines as complement to an uncurated enrichment analysis. The different lines for a same gene module indicate different cell conditions. The approach is tested on several problems (polyploidy, pluripotency, cancer, phylostratigraphy). Intriguingly, we found variation in cell‐cycle activity, which is independent of cell progression through the cycle. The upregulation of G2/M checkpoint genes with downregulation of G2/M transition and cytokinesis is revealed in polyploid cells. A temporal increase in cell‐cycle activity at transition from pluripotent to more differentiated state is found in human embryonic stem cells. The upregulation of unicellular interactome cluster in human cancers is shown in single cells with control for cell‐cycle activity. The greater scatter around regression line in cancer cells suggests greater heterogeneity caused by deviation from a line of normal cells.
Staging transformative learning across collegiate language curricula: Student perceptions of structured reflection for language learning
Authors: Crane Cori , Sosulski Michael J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBuilding on recent efforts to bridge transformative learning and world language education (Clifford & Reisinger, 2019; Johnson, 2015; Randolph & Johnson, 2017), this article explores how perspective‐shifting can be fostered among L2 learners through critical reflection tasks staged across collegiate language curricula. A range of reflection tasks designed to decenter the self from existing assumptions, beliefs, and values as learners try on and respond to cultural perspectives different from their own is presented, focusing on the developmental needs of learners at different instructional levels. The study investigates how beginning to advanced collegiate L2 learners perceive working with structured reflection (SR) tasks across two German programs in the United States (an R1 state university and a private liberal arts college). Analysis of student surveys (n = 237) shows that L2 learners largely valued doing reflective work and that some learners found SR helped them to think about and evaluate their learning and facilitate perspective‐shifting.
Systematic use of fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation and clinicopathological features in the screening of PDGFRB rearrangements of patients with myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms
Authors: Fang Hong , Tang Guilin , Loghavi Sanam , Greipp Patricia , Wang Wei , Verstovsek Srdan , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Reichard Kaaren K. , Miranda Roberto N , Wang Sa A 
Published: February 2020

AimsRearrangement of the platelet‐derived growth factor receptor B (PDGFRB) gene defines a unique group of myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with frequent eosinophilia and high sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This genetic abnormality is also rarely reported in Philadelphia‐like B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma (B‐ALL). PDGFRB rearrangement was initially thought to only occur in cases with 5q31–33 rearrangement as determined with conventional cytogenetics; however, there are reported cases with cryptic rearrangements. We aim to develop a broader strategy for screening of PDGFRB rearrangements of patients with myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms.Methods and resultsWe performed fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation (FISH) for PDGFRB rearrangement in 197 patients, including 70 with B‐ALL, 10 with myeloid neoplasms with 5q31–33 rearrangements, and 117 with eosinophilia (≥0.5 × 109/l in peripheral blood or ≥5% in bone marrow), and identified PDGFRB rearrangement in four of 197 (2.0%) cases. In an attempt to identify clinicopathological and genetic features that may have a stronger association with PDGFRB rearrangement, we analysed 13 patients with confirmed PDGFRB rearrangements, including 10 with myeloid neoplasms and three with B‐ALL. Among the 10 patients with myeloid neoplasms, eosinophilia was present in eight, monocytosis in two, 5q31–33 rearrangement in seven, and abnormal bone marrow morphology in all. All patients with myeloid neoplasms showed an excellent response to imatinib, including a patient in blast crisis. The three B‐ALL patients presented de novo, showed no eosinophilia, had a complex karyotype including 5q31–33 rearrangement, and had clinically aggressive courses with ultimate patient demise.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that a higher yield for the identification of PDGFRB rearrangement may result from an index of suspicion in patients with eosinophilia, monocytosis, bone marrow features of a myeloid neoplasm, and 5q31–33 rearrangement, and patients with Philadelphia‐like B‐ALL.
Effect of maternal HIV infection, BMI and NOx air pollution exposure on birth outcomes in South African pregnant women genotyped for the p53 Pro72Arg (rs1042522)
Authors: Naidoo Pragalathan , Naidoo Rajen N. , Ramkaran Prithiksha , Chuturgoon Anil A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTumour suppressor protein, p53, plays a role in modulating innate immune responses, DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, senescence and apoptosis. Maternal nitrogen oxide (NOx) air pollution exposure, body mass index (BMI), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and p53 Pro72Arg (rs1042522) affect foetal growth. We investigated whether the aforementioned factors influence birth outcomes in a South African population. Pregnant women (n = 300; HIV −ve = 194 and HIV +ve = 106) were genotyped for the p53 rs1042522 using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP), and further stratified based on HIV status, infants' birthweight (BW; NBW: normal BW [>2,500 g] and LBW: low BW [<2,500 g]) and gestational age (GA; NGA: normal GA [>37 weeks] and PTB: preterm birth [≤37 weeks]). A land use regression model was developed to characterize maternal NOx exposure. Pearson's correlation and multivariate regression analysis statistical tests were used to determine the effect of rs1042522 genotyped pregnant women's BMI and NOx exposure on maternal blood pressure and haemoglobin and iron levels, and infants' anthropometric measurements and Appearance Pulse Grimace Activity and Respiration (APGAR) scores. The prevalence of LBW and PTB was 14.7% and 18.7%, respectively. The LBW group had a higher frequency of the variant Arg‐allele versus NBW group (47.7% vs. 31.4%, p = .0046, OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.26–3.17). No association was observed between NGA and PTB groups. A significant association between BMI and systolic blood pressure (r = .50, p = .00; B = 0.76, p = .002) and birth length (r = −.28, p = .01; B = −0.107, p = .011), and NOx and birth length (r = −.26, p = .08; B = −0.191, p = .046) and birthweight (B = −8.87, p = .048) was observed in HIV‐infected mothers with the variant Pro/Arg + Arg/Arg genotypes. Mothers from the LBW group with the variant genotypes displayed an association between NOx and diastolic blood pressure (r = .58, p = .04), blood iron levels (r = −.60, p = .04; B = −0.204, p = .004), APGAR scores at 1 min (r = −.86, p = .00; B = −0.101, p = .003) and 5 min (r = −.75, p = .01) and birth length (r = −.61, p = .04), and BMI and diastolic blood pressure (r = .72, p = .01). In the PTB group, maternal variant genotypes and NOx were associated with blood haemoglobin levels (B = −0.132, p = .045) and APGAR scores at 1 min (B = −0.161, p = .045) and 5 min (B = −0.147, p = .043). Maternal rs1042522 Arg‐allele, HIV infection, BMI and NOx exposure collectively play a role in lowering blood iron levels, gestational hypertension and LBW outcomes.