bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of HIV interventions among factory workers in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review
Authors: Chen Dahui , Luo Ganfeng , Meng Xiaojun , Wang Zixin , Cao Bolin , Yuan Tanwei , Xie Yu , Hu Tian , Chen Yaqi , Ke Wujian , Wang Zhenyu , Sun Caijun , Deng Kai , Cai Yong , Zhang Kechun , Zou Huachun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Factory workers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are vulnerable to HIV transmission. Interventions are needed to prevent HIV in this population. We systematically reviewed published literature on the efficacy of various HIV interventions in reducing stigma, risk behaviors and HIV transmission among factory workers.Methods: A systematic review was performed using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Four databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus and EMBASE) were searched for relevant publications between January 1, 1990 and December 31, 2018. Two independent reviewers assessed the methodological quality of studies.Results: Thirteen articles were included, with 2 randomized controlled trials and 11 cohort studies. Five interventions and their combinations were summarized. An educational intervention increased condom use and reduced the use of recreational drugs and alcohol before sex. A community intervention indicated that workers at high risk behaviors were more likely to go to HIV counselling and testing (HCT), and proactive provision of HCT could increase the detection rate of HIV and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). A lottery intervention increased HCT uptake and decreased HIV public stigma. An education combined with a community intervention reduced the proportion of workers with casual sex and enhanced HIV knowledge. A peer education combined with a community intervention increased the proportion of workers who were willing to take their partners to HCT. A policy intervention combined with a peer education enhanced HIV knowledge, perceived condom accessibility and condom use with regular partners.Conclusions: Various interventions improved HIV knowledge, decreased HIV stigma and reduced HIV-related risk behaviors among factory workers in LMICs. The combination of multiple interventions tended to achieve better efficacy than a single intervention. Persistent combination interventions are essential to address HIV in this population.
Prevalence of potential drug- drug interactions and associated factors among outpatients and inpatients in Ethiopian Hospitals: a systematic review and Meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Ayenew Wondim , Asmamaw Getahun , Issa Arebu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Drug-drug interaction is an emerging threat to the public health. In Ethiopia, there is high possibility of occurrence of drug-drug interactions in the hospitals. This is because of increased comorbid disease, increased polypharmacy, and increased hospitalization. Therefore, this study aims to summarize the prevalence of potential drug-drug interactions and associated factors in Ethiopian hospitals. Methods: Literature search was performed through accessing legitimate databases in PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar and Research Gate for English-language publications. Advanced search strategies were applied in Science Direct and HINARI to identify any additional papers and published reviews and to retrieve relevant findings closely related to prevalence of potential drug- drug interactions and associated factors with it. The search was conducted from August 3-25, 2019 and all published articles available online until the day of data collection were considered. The pooled estimate of the outcome measure were analyzed by Open Meta Analyst advanced software. By considering clinical heterogeneity among original studies, Der Simonian and Laird’s random effect model were used. I2 statistics were used to assess heterogeneity among each studies. The publication bias was assessed by CMA version-3 software and presented with funnel plot of standard error and precision with Logit event rate. Results: A total of 14 studies were included for systematic review and meta-analysis. From 14 studies, 5761 patients were included and a total of 8717 potential drug- drug interactions were found in 3259 of patients. The prevalence patients with potential drug- drug interactions in Ethiopian Hospitals were found to be 72.2% (95% confidence interval: 59.1%, 85.3%). Based on severity, the prevalence of potential drug- drug interactions were 25.1%, 52.8%, 16.9% and 1.27% for major, moderate, minor potential drug- drug interactions and contraindications respectively. The factors associated with potential drug- drug interactions were related to patient characteristics such as polypharmacy, age, comorbid disease and hospital stay. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of potential drug- drug interactions in Ethiopian Hospitals. Polypharmacy, age, comorbid disease and hospital stay were the risk factors associated with potential drug- drug interactions.
MRI Guided Procedure Planning and 3D Simulation for Partial Gland Cryoablation of the Prostate: A Pilot Study
Authors: Wake Nicole , Rosenkrantz Andrew B. , Sodickson Daniel K. , Chandarana Hersh , Wysock James S. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose: This study reports on the development of a novel 3D procedure planning technique to provide pre-ablation treatment planning for partial gland prostate cryoablation (cPGA).Methods: Consecutive patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-visible (PI-RADS v2 score ³ 3) and biopsy confirmed prostate cancer undergoing partial gland cryoablation (cPGA) (n=20) were prospectively enrolled in an IRB approved study investigating advanced methods of data visualization for treatment planning. All patients enrolled in the study underwent image segmentation of the prostatic capsule, index lesion, urethra, rectum, and neurovascular bundles based upon multi-parametric MRI data. Segmented imaging data were viewed in 3D file format in computer-aided design (CAD) software, and virtual cryotherapy probes with -40°C isotherm volumes were created. Pre-treatment 3D prostate cancer models derived from MRI data were utilized to predict the number of and placement of cryotherapy probes to achieve confluent treatment volume. Treatment efficacy was measured with 6 month post-operative MRI, serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) at 3 and 6 months, and treatment zone biopsy results at 6 months were evaluated. Outcomes from 3D planning were compared to outcomes from a series of 20 patients undergoing cPGA using traditional 2D planning techniques.Results: The number of cryotherapy probes utilized matched the 3D plan in 16/20 (80%) of patients. 3D planning predicted a greater number of cryoprobes than 2D planning. Treatment zone biopsy was performed in 13/17 patients in the 3D cohort and was negative in 12 of these (92.9%). For the 3D group, 6 month biopsy was not performed in 4 (20%) due to undetectable PSA, negative MRI, and negative MRI Axumin PET. For the group with traditional 2D planning, treatment zone biopsy was positive in 3/14 (21.4%) of the patients, p = 0.056). Conclusions: 3D prostate cancer models derived from mpMRI data provide novel guidance for planning confluent treatment volumes for cPGA. This study prompts further investigation into the use of 3D treatment planning techniques.
Peripheral Anterior Chamber Depth and Screening Techniques for Primary Angle Closure Disease in Community Elderly Chinese
Authors: Luo Qin , Xue Wenwen , Yuan Yin , Fu Chaowei , He Jiangnan , Zou Haidong , Tong Xiaowei , Lee Richard K. , Ge Ling 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: To investigate the distribution of peripheral anterior chamber depth (ACD) and the relationship between peripheral ACD and gonioscopy compared to other ocular parameters (peripheral ACD, spherical equivalent [SE], intraocular pressure [IOP]) for primary angle closure disease (PACD) screening in an elderly Chinese community.Methods: Cross-sectional study. Adults 50 and older were enrolled from a population-based study using cluster random sampling in Pudong New District, Shanghai. Remote ocular screening was performed with digital anterior eye structure photography. Van Herrick measurements were used to evaluate the peripheral ACD, the depth of the peripheral anterior chamber, and corneal thickness (CT), and the ACD to CT ratio was calculated. Subjects with peripheral ACD less than 0.5 CT were made follow-up appointments for clinical examination with gonioscopy. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were generated to show the performance of different tests in screening for primary angle closure disease (PACD). Results: 2528 adults participated in the study with 91 patients diagnosed with PACD. 2463 subjects had valid data in the right eye available for analysis. The mean peripheral ACD values for men and women were significantly different: 1.04±0.46 (range 0.11-2.93) CT and 0.87±0.41 (range 0.12-2.96) CT respectively (t=-4.18; P＜0.0001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis reveals that peripheral ACD declined by 0.31 CT (P<0.0001) per diopter of SE and was 0.19 CT (P<0.0001) shallower in women than in men (r2=0.1304, P<0.0001). Peripheral ACD performed best in screening for PACD. Conclusions: Peripheral ACD measurement is recommended for PACD screening in community elderly Chinese.
Right sleeve pneumonectomy for local recurrent lung cancer following right sleeve upper lobectomy with bronchoplasty: A case report
Authors: Hanaoka Jun , Kawaguchi Yo , Okamoto Keigo , Kaku Ryosuke , Ohshio Yasuhiko 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Salvage surgery has been frequently performed, increasing the opportunity to actively perform surgery for recurrence after a function-preserving operation. However, re-operation after airway reconstruction surgery on the proximal side and the effect of prior treatment, such as radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, make the operation more difficult. In addition, cases of sleeve pneumonectomy after sleeve lobectomy with bronchoplasty are uncommon.Case presentation: A 71-year-old lung cancer patient underwent right upper sleeve lobectomy with bronchoplasty combined with perioperative chemotherapy in 2007. A new undiagnosed right hilar mass that appeared 9 years post-operation showed a temporary response to radiotherapy but progressed thereafter. Sleeve pneumonectomy was completed 14 months after radiotherapy by the following procedures: dividing the right pulmonary artery at the proximal site under median sternotomy and then reconstructing the bronchus by telescoping the left main bronchus into the distal trachea after pneumonectomy under posterolateral thoracotomy. Conclusions: Sleeve pneumonectomy for recurrent lung cancer could be safely performed under good vision using a two-stage approach as salvage surgery, even in high-risk patients who received various treatments and proximal airway reconstruction.
Using three statistical methods to analyze the association between exposure to 9 compounds and obesity in children and adolescents: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2010
Authors: Wu Bangsheng , Jiang Yi , Jin Xiaoqing , He Li 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Various risk factors influence obesity differently, and environmental endocrine disruption may increase the occurrence of obesity. However, most of the previous studies have considered only a unitary exposure or a set of similar exposures instead of mixed exposures, which entail complicated interactions. We utilized three statistical models to evaluate the correlations between mixed chemicals to analyze the association between 9 different chemical exposures and obesity in children and adolescents.Methods: We fitted the generalized linear regression, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) to analyze the association between the mixed exposures and obesity in the participants aged 6-19 in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2010.Results: In the multivariable logistic regression model, 2,5-dichlorophenol (2,5-DCP) (P < 0.001), monoethyl phthalate (MEP) (P = 0.008), and mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP) (P = 0.011) were found to be positively associated with obesity, while methylparaben (MeP) (P = 0.018) was negatively associated with obesity. In the multivariable linear regression, 2,5-DCP and MEP were found to be associated with the body mass index (BMI) z-score (P = 0.023 and P = 0.017). In the WQS regression model, the WQS index had a significant association (P = 0.002) with the outcome in the obesity model, in which 2,5-DCP (weighted 0.41), bisphenol A (BPA) (weighted 0.17) and MEP (weighted 0.14) all had relatively high weights. In the BKMR model, despite no statistically significant difference in the overall association between the chemical mixtures and the outcome (obesity or BMI z-score), there was nonetheless an increasing trend. 2,5-DCP and MEP were found to be positively associated with the outcome (obesity or BMI z-score), while fixing other chemicals at their median concentrations.Conclusion: Comparing the three statistical models, we found that 2,5-DCP and MEP may play an important role in obesity. Considering the advantages and disadvantages of the three statistical models, our study confirms the necessity to combine different statistical models on obesity when dealing with mixed exposures.
Vitrectomy for branch retinal vein occlusion with vitreous hemorrhage: proposal for a new grading system
Authors: Tong Gengmin , Hu Xuting , Zhu Chenlei , Gao Zhiqiang , Chen Xuhao , Guo Linning , Pan Qintuo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose

To investigate the long-term surgical outcomes after treatment with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with photocoagulation in different severities of branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) with vitreous hemorrhage (VH) in order to propose a new grading system.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 117 eyes of 117 patients who underwent PPV for VH associated with BRVO and who were followed up for at least 12 months. Preoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), surgical intervention, final BCVA, and central foveal thickness (CFT) were evaluated using optical coherence tomography. We proposed a system to grade BRVO with VH from Grade I to Grade III with increasing severity: Grade I,pure persistent VH; Grade II,VH with epiretinal membrane (EM) (Grade IIa,VH with EM without macular involvement; Grade IIb,VH with EM with macular involvement); and Grade III,VH with tractive retinal detachment. Different surgical methods were appliedaccording to the different retinal conditions.

Results

BCVA significantly improved at final follow-up in all groups. There was no significant difference among the four groups in terms of preoperative BCVA, final BCVA,CFT,or the number of patients whose macular edema recurred after surgery (p>0.05), but there was a significant difference in vision improvement(p<0.05). Vision improvement in the Grade IIb group was significantly worse than in the Grade I group(p=0.006) and in the Grade IIa group(p=0.046). The percentage of patients in the Grade I, Grade IIa, Grade IIb, and Grade III groups needing further laser treatment after surgery was 0%, 8.3%, 16.3%, and 23.5%, respectively (p<0.05).

Conclusion

We proposed a new grading system for BRVO treated with PPV. Vitrectomy is a safe and effective treatment for BRVO with VH. Visual acuity improvement was significantly worse when the EM had macular involvement (Grade IIb).
Sperm-seq wet lab protocol: sperm preparation and droplet-based sequencing library generation
Authors: Bell Avery Davis , Mello Curtis J. , McCarroll Steven A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Sperm-seq is a high-throughput, droplet-based single-sperm sequencing technology capable of generating thousands of cell-barcoded single-sperm sequencing libraries at one time. This protocol describes Sperm-seq library generation, featuring a full protocol for sperm preparation and suggestions for droplet-based sequencing methods from 10X Genomics to employ. Sperm preparation can be completed in half a day and the full protocol can be completed in 2-3 days, with several wait times and break points.
The Effect of Plant Weight on Estimations of Stalk Flexural Stiffness and Stalk Lodging Resistance
Authors: Stubbs Christopher J , Oduntan Yusuf , Keep Tyrone , Noble Scott D , Robertson Daniel J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Stalk lodging (breaking of agricultural plant stalks prior to harvest) is a multi-billion dollar a year problem. Stalk lodging occurs when bending moments induced by a combination of external loading (e.g. wind) and self-loading (e.g. the plant’s own weight) exceed the bending strength of plant stems. Previous studies have investigated external loading and self-loading of plants as separate and independent phenomena. However, these two types of loading are highly interconnected and mutually dependent. The purpose of this paper is twofold: (1) to investigate the combined effect of external loads and plant weight on the flexural response of plant stems, and (2) to provide a generalized framework for accounting for self-weight during mechanical phenotyping experiments used to predict stalk lodging resistance. Results: A method of properly accounting for the interconnected relationship between self-loading and external loading of plants stems is presented. The interconnected set of equations are used to produce user-friendly applications by presenting (1) simplified self-loading correction factors for a number of common external loading configurations of plants, and (2) a generalized Microsoft Excel framework that calculates the influence of self-loading on crop stems. The effect of self-loading on the bending strength measurements of wheat is examined in detail. A survey of several other plants is conducted and the influence of self-loading on their structural response is also presented. Conclusions: The self-loading of plants plays a potentially critical role in determining the structural response of plant stems. Equations and tools provided herein enable researchers to account for the plant’s weight during mechanical phenotyping experiments used to determine the flexural rigidity and bending strength of plant stems. Results demonstrated that ignoring the self-loading of some plants can result in errors of 25% for flexural stiffness and 20% for bending strength.
Locally implemented prevention programs may reverse weight trajectories in half of children with overweight/obesity amid low child-staff ratios: Results from a quasi-experimental study in France
Authors: Constant Aymery , Boulic Gaëlle , Lommez Agnes , Chaillou Raphaëlle , Guy-Grand Bernard , Raffin Sandrine 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The aims of the present study were to assess changes in weight status between the first and last year of primary education among children with overweight/obesity in response to locally implemented school-based prevention programs, and to assess the influence of process indicators, expressed as child-staff ratios (CSRs), on these changes.Methods: To meet the study objectives, a quasi-experimental design was used. Four municipalities that systematically monitored the weight status of schoolchildren and participated in the “Vivons en Forme” program agreed to provide the data available in their school medical service records. The local implementers involved in training sessions were mainly municipal staff in charge of serving midday school meals, which is compulsory in France, and those in charge of designing and facilitating creative, interactive activities at school between and after classes. CSRs were determined by occupation (school catering service/facilitator of extracurricular activities) and training session (healthy eating/physical activity) in each municipality program, and classified as low (1-5 children per adult) or moderate. Results: During the 4 years of primary education, weight status improved in half of the children with overweight/obesity, and worsened in 6.6% of children with overweight/normal weight. In children who remained overweight, the BMI z-score diminished over time. Estimates of the positive 4-year weight changes were related to low CSRs in locally implemented variations of the program. Estimates increased with age and were significantly higher in low-to-moderate CSR multicomponent interventions than moderate CSR single-component intervention (reference). The moderate CSR multicomponent intervention had a similar effect as the reference. The estimated negative weight change decreased with age.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that training ancillary school staff in experiential-focused interventions for healthy eating and physical activity in locally implemented school-based programs contributed positively to reducing childhood obesity during the four years of primary education without interfering with educational activities. The results also provide preliminary evidence that low CSRs could be pivotal for optimal outcomes, especially in deprived areas.
Demonstration of improved plant growth and biomass production by At1g 73160 promoter-controlled root-preferential expression of AtGA20ox gene
Authors: Ly Linh Khanh , Bui Thao Phuong , Do Phat Tien , Le Anh Van Thi , Nguyen Phong Van , Pham Ngoc Bich , Zhang Zhanyuan J. , Chu Ha Hoang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Overexpression of GA20 oxidase gene has been a recent trend for improving plant growth and biomass. Constitutive expression of GA20ox has successfully improved plant growth and biomass in several plant species. However, the constitutive expression of this gene causes side-effects, such as reduced leaf size and stem diameters, etc. To avoid these effects, different tissue-specific promoters had been identified and employed for GA20ox overexpression. In this study, we demonstrate the potential of At1g, a root-preferential promoter, for GA20ox expression to enhance plant biomass in tobacco and Melia azedarach.Results: We examined the utility of At1g promoter to drive the expression of GUS (β-1,4-glucuronidase) reporter and GA20ox genes in tobacco and Melia azedarach. Histochemical GUS assays in tobacco showed that At1g was a root-preferential promoter whose expression was particularly strong in root tips. The ectopic expression of AtGA20ox gene under the control of At1g promoter showed the improved plant growth and biomass of both tobacco and M. azedarach transgenic plants compared to wild-type (WT) control plants. Stem length as well as stem and root fresh weights increased by up to 1.5-3 folds in transgenic tobacco and 2 folds in transgenic M. azedarach. Both tobacco and M. azedarach transgenic plants showed increases in the root xylem width, xylem over phloem ratio by 50%-100% as compared to WT plants. Importantly, no significant difference in the leaf shape and size was observed between At1g::AtGA20ox transgenic and WT plants. Moreover, transgenic M. azedarach showed a 135% increase in stem diameter even though no change was found in transgenic tobacco.Conclusions: These results demonstrate the great utility of At1g promoter, when driving AtGA20ox gene, for growth and biomass improvements in woody plants and potentially some other plant species.