bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical analysis of ablative behavior of silicone resin coated carbon fabric
Authors: Zheng Zhenrong , Zhi Wei , Mao Kezhu , Zhang Qian , Luo Lijuan 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the ablative behavior of the silicone resin-coated carbon fabric (coated fabric) that will swell significantly during ablation.

Design/methodology/approach
The ablation experiments of three coated fabrics were conducted by quartz lamp radiant. Based on the experimental analysis, a numerical model was proposed for the coated fabrics to study the ablative process in term of the energy balance, mass conservation and thermal decomposition equations.

Findings
Results showed that the average relative errors between the simulated temperatures and experimental values of back surfaces of coated fabric 1, 2 and 3 were 10.01, 7.53 and 7.32%, respectively. The average density of silicone resin of coated fabric 1 was reduced by 47.96%, and the closer the distance from the heated surface was, the more the density decreased. The thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity of silicone resin of coated fabric 1 increased with time. Before 50 s, each decomposition rate curve showed an inflection point, at which the silicone resin decomposed most intensely.

Research limitations/implications
Based on experimental observations, the ablative behavior of the material with fixed expansion layer was simulated. In the further research, the moving expansion layer could be considered.

Originality/value
This paper provides the theoretical basis to evaluate the effectiveness of thermal protection materials that will swell during ablation.
Thiokol oligomer functionalized MWCNTs for epoxy nanocomposites
Authors: Wang Haosheng , Li Zewen 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to feature preparation and characterization of thiokol oligomer functionalized MWCNTs/epoxy nanocomposites using low molecular weight polyamide as curing agent.

Design/methodology/approach
First, thiokol oligomer functionalized MWCNTs (MWCNTs-TO) were prepared through hydroxylation, silanization and graft modification of MWCNTs. The nanocomposite specimens were fabricated through sonication and cast moulding process. The authors then investigated the impact of MWCNTs-TO content on mechanical and thermal properties of the nanocomposites.

Findings
MWCNTs-TO with grafting ratio of 17.5 Wt.% was synthesized and characterized with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy. The obtained epoxy nanocomposites exhibit improved mechanical properties and thermal stability with MWCNTs-TO added. Moreover, desirable results were obtained at 0.75 Wt.% of MWCNTs-TO loading: the young’s modulus, tensile, flexural and impact strength increased by 24.6,72.8,34.8 and 82.7%, respectively, compared to the neat epoxy. The improvement of mechanical properties is mainly attributed to enhanced interfacial interaction and dispersion between the covalent functionalized MWCNTs and epoxy matrix.

Research limitations/implications
A flexible thiokol oligomer was successfully grafted onto MWCNTs via a mild route. Nanocomposites with excellent interfacial interaction and dispersion between MWCNTs-TO and the epoxy matrix have been successfully fabricated and investigated.

Practical implications
This method provided a mild and practical approach to improve the performance of MWCNTs epoxy nanocomposites.

Originality/value
A flexible thiokol oligomer was successfully covalent grafted onto MWCNTs via a mild route. Nanocomposites with excellent interfacial interaction and dispersion between MWCNTs-TO and the epoxy matrix have been successfully fabricated and investigated.
Structural characterization of inkjet printed capacitor layers in various technological conditions
Authors: Kiliszkiewicz Milena , Przybylski Dariusz , Felba Jan , Korbutowicz Ryszard 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the individual steps during the printing of capacitor structures. The method of substrate preparation, the obtained roughness of conductive and dielectric layers are examined. Moreover, the capacitances of the obtained capacitors were examined.Design/methodology/approachSurface roughness and microscopic analysis were used to assess the quality of printed conductive structures. Two criteria were used to assess the quality of printed dielectric structures: the necessary lack of discontinuity of layers and minimal roughness. To determine the importance of printing parameters, a draft experimental method was proposed.FindingsThe optimal way to clean the substrate has been determined. The most important parameters for the dielectric layer (i.e. drop-space, table temperature, curing time and temperature) were found.Research limitations/implicationsIf dielectric layers are printed correctly, most problems with printing complex electronic structures (transistors, capacitors) will be eliminated.Practical implicationsThe tests performed identified the most important factors for dielectric layers. Using them, capacitors of repeatable capacity were printed.Originality/valueIn the literature on this subject, no factors were found which were responsible for obtaining homogeneous dielectric layers.
Likelihood of hospital readmission in Medicare Advantage and Fee‐For‐Service within same hospital
Authors: Jung Daniel H. , DuGoff Eva , Smith Maureen , Palta Mari , Gilmore‐Bykovskyi Andrea , Mullahy John 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the extent to which all‐cause 30‐day readmission rate varies by Medicare program within the same hospitals.Study DesignWe used conditional logistic regression clustered by hospital and generalized estimating equations to compare the odds of unplanned all‐cause 30‐day readmission between Medicare Fee‐for‐Service (FFS) and Medicare Advantage (MA).Data CollectionWisconsin Health Information Organization collects claims data from various payers including private insurance, Medicare, and Medicaid, twice a year.Principal FindingsFor 62 of 66 hospitals, hospital‐level readmission rates for MA were lower than those for Medicare FFS. The odds of 30‐day readmission in MA were 0.92 times lower than Medicare FFS within the same hospital (odds ratio, 0.93; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.89‐0.98). The adjusted overall readmission rates of Medicare FFS and MA were 14.9 percent and 11.9 percent, respectively.ConclusionThese findings provide additional evidence of potential variations in readmission risk by payer and support the need for improved monitoring systems in hospitals that incorporate payer‐specific data. Further research is needed to delineate specific care delivery factors that contribute to differential readmission risk by payer source.
Evaluation of the efficacy of toasted white and tannin sorghum flours to improve oxidative stress and lipid profile in vivo
Authors: Silva Thaís Lessa , Lacerda Udielle Vermelho , da Matta Sérgio Luís Pinto , Queiroz Valéria Aparecida Vieira , Stringheta Paulo César , Martino Hércia Stampini Duarte , de Barros Frederico Augusto Ribeiro 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe objective of the present work was to evaluate and compare the effect of toasted white and tannin sorghum flours on lipid metabolism and antioxidant potential in vivo. Male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were induced to oxidative stress with paracetamol and fed a normal diet (AIN‐93M) and diets containing toasted tannin sorghum flour and toasted white sorghum flour (without tannins), replacing 100% cellulose, during 29 days. Hepatotoxicity was assessed by biochemical tests and by quantifying oxidative stress markers. Groups that received toasted sorghum flour with and without tannins showed reduction of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentration and improvement of lipid profile, with increase of high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) compared to paracetamol control, and did not differ statistically from the AIN‐93M control. Moreover, toasted white sorghum flour presented similar efficacy in reducing oxidative stress in liver tissue compared to toasted tannin sorghum flour, although the former had lower total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity, suggesting a greater effect of small phenolic compounds, such as phenolic acids, in the prevention of oxidative stress. Therefore, toasted white and tannin sorghum flours had similar efficacy to improve the lipid profile and oxidative stress in rats treated with paracetamol, constituting potential sources of antioxidants, which can be used as promising ready‐to‐eat foods and as ingredients for the development of sorghum‐based products.Practical ApplicationThe health benefits of sorghum coupled with the growing interest of the food industry in producing healthier food products have motivated the development of toasted sorghum flours as potential sources of antioxidants and dietary fiber. We have demonstrated that consumption of toasted white and tannin sorghum flours by rats treated with paracetamol had similar efficacy to improve oxidative stress and lipid profile. Thus, these toasted sorghum flours have great potential to be used by the food industry as ready‐to‐eat foods or as ingredients in the development of various food products.
Alternative kidney filtration markers and the risk of major macrovascular and microvascular events, and all‐cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes in the ADVANCE trial
Authors: Kim Hyunju , Wang Dan , Chalmers John , Jun Min , Zoungas Sophia , Marre Michel , Hamet Pavel , Harrap Stephen , Mancia Giuseppe , Poulter Neil R. , Cooper Mark E. , Woodward Mark , Selvin Elizabeth , Rebholz Casey M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundCreatinine‐based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is biased in the setting of obesity and other conditions. Alternative kidney filtration markers may be useful in adults with diabetes, but few studies examined the associations with risk of clinical outcomes.MethodsIn the Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron Modified Release Controlled Evaluation (ADVANCE) trial, we evaluated whether baseline levels and change in eGFR based on creatinine (Cr), cystatin c (Cys), β2‐microglobulin (B2M), eGFRCr‐Cys, and the average of three estimates (eGFRCr‐Cys‐B2M) assessed in 7217 participants at baseline and a random sample of 640 participants at the 1‐year visit are associated with clinical outcomes. We examined associations with major macrovascular and microvascular events together and separately and all‐cause mortality using Cox regression models, adjusting for established risk factors.ResultsOver a median follow‐up of 5 years, 1313 major macrovascular (n = 748) and microvascular events (n = 637), and 743 deaths occurred. Lower levels of eGFR based on all filtration markers individually and combined were associated with 1.4 to 3.0 times higher risk of major macrovascular and microvascular events (combined and separately) and all‐cause mortality. Per 30% decline in eGFRCys, eGFR Cr‐Cys, and eGFRCr‐Cys‐B2M were associated with a >2‐fold higher risk of all clinical outcomes.ConclusionsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, baseline levels of eGFR based on alternative filtration markers and per 30% decline in eGFRCys, eGFR Cr‐Cys, and eGFRCr‐Cys‐B2M were associated with clinical outcomes. Measurement of alternative filtration markers, particularly B2M in adults with type 2 diabetes may be warranted.
Latitude and chlorophyll a density drive the distribution of carbohydrate‐active enzymes in the planktonic microbial fraction of the epipelagic zone
Authors: Doane Michael , Haggerty John Matthew , da Silva Lopes Cleanto Rodrigo , Yates Peter , Edwards Rob , Dinsdale Elizabeth , Lopes Fabyano Alvares Cardoso , Bruce Thiago 
Published: July 2020

SummaryMicrobes drive the majority of the global carbon cycle. The effect of environmental conditions on selecting microbial functional diversity is well established, and recent studies have revealed the effects of geographic distances on selecting the functional components of marine microbial communities. Our study is the first attempt at establishing the effects of environmental factors on driving the marine carbohydrate‐active enzyme (CAZyme) distribution. We characterized the diversity of CAZyme genes and investigated the correlations between their distributions and biogeographic parameters (latitude, longitude, distance from the equator, site depth, water depth, chlorophyll density, salinity and temperature). Therefore, we accessed a subset of surface water samples (38 metagenomes) from the Global Ocean Sampling project. Only chlorophyll and latitude altered the distribution patterns of CAZymes, revealing the existence of two latitudinal gradients (positive and negative) of marine CAZyme abundance. Considering the importance of carbohydrates in microbial life, characterization of the spatial patterns of the genetic repertoire involved in carbohydrate metabolism represents an important step in improving our understanding of the metabolic strategies associated with the microbial marine carbon cycle and their effects on the productivity of marine ecosystems.
Induction of labor and nulliparity: A nationwide clinical practice pilot evaluation
Authors: Sørbye Ingvil K. , Oppegaard Kevin S. , Weeks Andrew , Marsdal Kjersti , Jacobsen Anne F. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionInduction of labor has become an increasingly common obstetric procedure, but in nulliparous women or women with a previous cesarean section, it can pose a clinical challenge. Despite an overall expansion of medical indications for labor induction, there is little international consensus regarding the criteria for induction, or for the recommended methods among nulliparous women. In this light, we assessed variations in the practice of induction of labor among 21 birth units in a nationwide cohort of women with no prior vaginal birth.Material and methodsWe carried out a prospective observational pilot study of women with induced labor and no prior vaginal birth, across 21 Norwegian birth units. We registered induction indications, methods and outcomes from 1 September to 31 December 2018 using a web‐based case record form. Women were grouped into “Nulliparous term cephalic”, “Previous cesarean section” and “Other Robson” (Robson groups 6, 7, 8 or 10).ResultsMore than 98% of eligible women (n=1818) were included and a wide variety of methods was used for induction of labor. In nulliparous term cephalic pregnancies, cesarean section rates ranged from 11.1% to 40.6% between birth units, whereas in the previous cesarean section group, rates ranged from 22.7% to 67.5%. The indications “large fetus” and “other fetal” indications were associated with the highest cesarean rates. Failed inductions and failure to progress in labor contributed most to the cesarean rates. Uterine rupture occurred in two women (0.11%), both in the previous cesarean section group. In neonates, 1.6% had Apgar <7 at 5 minutes, and 0.4% had an umbilical artery pH <7.00.ConclusionsCesarean rates and applied methods for induction of labor varied widely in this nationwide cohort of women without a prior vaginal birth. Neonatal outcomes were similar to those of normal birth populations. Results could indicate the need to move towards more standardized induction protocols associated with optimal outcomes for mother and baby.
Children born before 32 weeks of gestation displayed impaired reading fluency, comprehension and spelling skills at 9 years of age
Authors: Heikkinen Minna , Kallankari Hanna , Partanen Lea , Korkalainen Noora , Kaukola Tuula , Yliherva Anneli 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimOur aim was to study whether prematurity, associated with prenatal and neonatal risk factors, affects specific literacy skills among school children born at a very low gestational age (VLGA) of <32 weeks.MethodsThe study group comprised 76 prospectively followed VLGA children born between November 1998 and November 2002 at Oulu University Hospital, Finland, and 51 term controls. The median gestational age of the VLGA children was 29.0 (24.1‐31.9) weeks. All children were examined at a median age of 8.9 (8.0‐9.9) years in Oulu between November 2007 and November 2011. Reading fluency, comprehension and spelling skills were evaluated using standardised tests for Finnish‐speaking children.ResultsVery low gestational age children had significantly poorer test results in reading comprehension (median 6.9 vs 8.3, P = .014) and spelling (median 35.7 vs 38.0, P = .013) than term children. Furthermore, VLGA children more often performed below the 10th percentile normal values in spelling (P = .012) compared with term controls. Foetal growth restriction was associated with lower scoring in reading fluency (P = .023) and spelling (P = .004) among VLGA children.ConclusionVery low gestational age school children performed poorer in reading comprehension and spelling than term children. In addition, poor foetal growth in VLGA children was associated with literacy problems.
Geography and gender, hindsight and foresight: A feminist development geographer’s reflections on: “How the Other Half Lives: The Geographical Study of Women”
Authors: Chant Sylvia 
Published: July 2020

Inspired by, and drawing from, Jacqueline Tivers’ early and foundational paper in Area (1978) on the need for dedicated geographical research on women, in this brief paper I offer selected reflections on the progressive “engendering” of geography from the late 1970s to the present from the perspective of a feminist geographer with enduring interests in gender and development (GAD) in the Global South. I concentrate, first, on “hindsight,” tracing some key steps at the beginning of my personal academic journey as an undergraduate at King’s College Cambridge, and subsequently as a PhD student at University College London, when the “geography of gender,” especially in developing regions, was still very much in its birth pangs. In the latter part of the paper I turn to the “foresight” demonstrated by Tivers in her call to redress the absence of attention to women in geographical study, and particularly to problematise assumptions about women as a proxy for “households” (commonly construed as conforming with nuclear units headed by men), and the frequently limited, if not invisibilised, “female” roles within them. Despite the paucity of data and scholarship on women, let alone gender, and “alternative” family forms, 40 years ago, I comment on the prescience of Tivers’ work in identifying challenges which continue to persist as well as to preoccupy feminist geographers on the eve of the third millennial decade.
Practising feminist politics in legal geographic research
Authors: Cuomo Dana 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, I reflect on my experiences conducting legal geographic research within a Central Pennsylvania courtroom. This research builds on my former professional experience as a legal advocate where I worked for five years providing advocacy services to over 800 survivors of domestic violence and sexual assault. I discuss how I incorporated two common advocacy practices – accompaniment and institutional advocacy – into my research praxis as a means to fulfil my commitment to conduct activist research as a feminist legal geographer. I argue that the advocacy skills I learned outside of academia helped me navigate the tensions of studying power with legal actors in the privileged space of the courtroom. This paper contributes to recent interest in the methodological practices that legal geographers utilise within courtroom spaces, while also encouraging legal geographers to consider what knowledge and skills – beyond academic methodologies and methods – might serve to support activist research within spaces of power.
Reduced‐port surgery with the cowboy technique for a gastric submucosal tumor
Authors: Tsuboi Kazuto , Yano Fumiaki , Omura Nobuo , Misawa Takeyuki , Kashiwagi Hideyuki 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionLaparoscopic surgery is considered safe and effective for a gastric submucosal tumors, and reduced‐port surgery (RPS) is being increasingly performed to treat these tumors. Herein, we present laparoscopic RPS with the cowboy technique for the removal of gastric submucosal tumors.Materials and Surgical TechniqueA single‐port access device was inserted at the naval (three 5‐mm trocars), and a 5‐mm trocar was inserted in the left lateral abdominal wall. A ligature was placed at the neck of the tumor, the loop was then tightened, and the knot was finally secured—a process referred to as the cowboy technique. This technique enables complete surgical excision and can be used for exophytic submucosal tumors of the stomach. Four patients underwent RPS with this technique, and the outcomes were good.DiscussionOur cowboy technique enables the safe full‐thickness excision of gastric submucosal tumors with exophytic growth and is very useful in performing RPS.
When does the E/e’ index not work? The pitfalls of oversimplifying diastolic function
Authors: Sunderji Imran , Singh Vickram , Fraser Alan G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSince the E/e’ ratio was first described in 1997 as a noninvasive surrogate marker of mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, it has gained a central role in diagnostic recommendations and a supremacy in clinical use that require critical reappraisal. We review technical factors, physiological influences, and pathophysiological processes that can complicate the interpretation of E/e’. The index has been validated in certain circumstances, but its use cannot be extrapolated to other situations—such as critically ill patients or children—in which it has either been shown not to work or it has not been well validated. Meta‐analyses demonstrated that E/e’ is not useful for the diagnosis of HFpEF and that changes in E/e’ are uninformative during diastolic stress echocardiography. A similar ratio has been applied to estimate right heart filling pressure despite insufficient evidence. As a composite index, changes in E/e’ should only be interpreted with knowledge of changes in its components. Sometimes, e’ alone may be as informative. Using a scoring system for diastolic function that relies on E/e’, as recommended in consensus documents, leaves some patients unclassified and others in an intermediate category. Alternative methods for estimating left heart filling pressures may be more accurate, including the duration of retrograde pulmonary venous flow, or contractile deformation during atrial pump function. Using all measurements as continuous variables may demonstrate abnormal diastolic function that is missed by using the reductive index E/e’ alone. With developments in diagnostic methods and clinical decision support tools, this may become easier to implement.