bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of anthropogenic activities on macroinvertebrate assemblages in the littoral zone of Lake Hawassa, a tropical Rift Valley Lake in Ethiopia
Authors: Wondmagegn Tarekegn , Mengistou Seyoum 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn developing tropical countries, the littoral region of lakes is exposed to high human pressures, and the degradation effects are more evident on riparian vegetation and macrophytes. Human impacts on other biological entities, such as plankton and macroinvertebrates, are rarely investigated and reported. The present study focuses on assessing the effects of habitat disturbance on the littoral macroinvertebrate assemblages in Lake Hawassa, Ethiopia. Samples were taken from February to November 2015/16 from 12 sampling sites purposefully selected on the basis of percentage disturbance score (PDS) and categorized into minimally disturbed (four sites), moderately disturbed (five sites) and highly disturbed (three sites). Macroinvertebrate samples were collected from each site using a D‐frame net of 500 µm, with both in situ measurement and laboratory analysis of the environmental variables being conducted. A total of 23,051 macroinvertebrates belonging to 43 families were identified. Analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) and non‐metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analyses revealed significantly different macroinvertebrate assemblages among the disturbance levels (ANOSIM: p = .004, R = .55). Variables such as Biological Monitoring Working Party, Shannon diversity index, Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera (ET) family richness, and family richness exhibited a flawless pattern of decrease with increasing human disturbances and a negative correlation with nutrients. The reduction of these metrics for highly disturbed sites was attributable to the deterioration of vegetation and bottom substrate qualities, increasing stormwater inputs, lack of buffer zones and well‐planned land use induced by human interventions. It was evident anthropogenic activities in and around the littoral zone of the lake contributed to the degradation of habitat quality and decreased macroinvertebrate richness and abundance. Thus, effective lake management practices are recommended to rehabilitate the degraded littoral habitat quality in order to realize the sustainable use of this natural resource.
FIB‐TEM analysis of cometary material in 10 Stardust foil craters
Authors: Haas Brendan A. , Floss Christine , Stroud Rhonda M. , Ogliore Ryan C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAluminum foils from the Stardust cometary dust collector contain impact craters formed during the spacecraft's encounter with comet 81P/Wild 2 and retain residues that are among the few unambiguously cometary samples available for laboratory study. Our study investigates four micron‐scale (1.8–5.2 μm) and six submicron (220–380 nm) diameter craters to better characterize the fine (<1 μm) component of comet Wild 2. We perform initial crater identification with scanning electron microscopy, prepare the samples for further analysis with a focused ion beam, and analyze the cross sections of the impact craters with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). All of the craters are dominated by combinations of silicate and iron sulfide residues. Two micron‐scale craters had subregions that are consistent with spinel and taenite impactors, indicating that the micron‐scale craters have a refractory component. Four submicron craters contained amorphous residue layers composed of silicate and sulfide impactors. The lack of refractory materials in the submicron craters suggests that refractory material abundances may differentiate Wild 2 dust on the scale of several hundred nanometers from larger particles on the scale of a micron. The submicron craters are enriched in moderately volatile elements (S, Zn) when normalized to Si and CI chondrite abundances, suggesting that, if these craters are representative of the Wild 2 fine component, the Wild 2 fines were not formed by high‐temperature condensation. This distinguishes the comet's fine component from the large terminal particles in Stardust aerogel tracks which mostly formed in high‐temperature events.
Examining the associations between smartphone use and mother–infant bonding and family functioning: A survey design
Authors: Ali Reem A. , Alnuaimi Karimeh M. , Al‐Jarrah Imteyaz A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractExcessive smartphone use has been found to be associated with dysfunctional social and family relations. While most studies of this phenomenon have focused on adolescent and adult addiction, none has yet to focus on mothers with infants. This study examined the association of excessive smartphone use with mother–infant bonding, maternal mental health, and family functioning in Jordan. The predictive value of the study variables with respect to the level of smartphone use was evaluated. A descriptive correlational cross‐sectional survey design was used. A sample of 114 mothers with infants was interviewed in person and completed a web‐based questionnaire. Approximately 16% reported using smartphones 5 to 14 hours per day; 6.7% described themselves as smartphone addicts. The results suggest that excessive smartphone use may be linked to unhealthy family functioning. No associations were found between smartphone use and mother–infant bonding or maternal mental health. Raising awareness of this linkage and limiting smartphone use are recommended as precautionary measures. Although this study failed to find any association between smartphone use and mother–infant bonding, further studies using empirical methods might have better success.
Triosephosphate isomerase, carbonic anhydrase, and creatinine kinase‐brain isoform are possible antigen targets in patients with achalasia
Authors: Hernández‐Ramírez Diego F. , Olivares‐Martínez Elizabeth , Nuñez‐Álvarez Carlos A. , Coss‐Adame Enrique , Valdovinos Miguel A. , López‐Verdugo Fidel , Furuzawa‐Carballeda Janette , Torres‐Villalobos Gonzalo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundIdiopathic achalasia is an uncommon esophageal motor disorder. The disease involves interaction between inflammatory and autoimmune responses. However, the antigens related to the disease are still unknown.AimTo identify the possible antigen targets in muscle biopsies from lower esophageal sphincter (LES) of achalasia patients.MethodsEsophageal biopsies of patients with type I and type II achalasia and esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO) were analyzed. Lower esophageal sphincter muscle biopsy from a Healthy organ Donor (HD) was included as control for two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis. Immunoblotting of muscle from LES lysate with sera of type I, type II achalasia, or type III achalasia, sera of EGJOO and sera of healthy subjects (HS) was performed. The target proteins of the serum were identified by mass spectrometry Matrix‐assited laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF).Key ResultsThe proteomic map of muscle from LES tissue lysates of type I, and type II achalasia, EGJOO, and HD were analyzed and divided into three important regions. We found a difference in the concentration of certain spots. Further, we observed the serum reactivity of type I achalasia and type II achalasia against 45 and 25 kDa bands of type I achalasia tissue. Serum of type III achalasia and EGJOO mainly recognized 25 kDa band. Bands correspond to triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) (25 kDa), carbonic anhydrase (CA) (25 kDa) and creatinine kinase‐brain (CKB) isoform (45 kDa).Conclusions and InferencesWe identify three antigen targets, TPI, CA, and CKB isoform, which are recognized by sera from patients with achalasia.
Prevalence of cannabis use has significantly increased in patients with cyclic vomiting syndrome
Authors: Siddiqui Mohamed Tausif , Bilal Mohammad , Singh Amandeep , Olivier‐Cabrera Sarah , Lebovics Edward , Schorr‐Lesnick Beth , Dworkin Brad , Kirby Donald F 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionCyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder which leads to multiple hospitalizations and causes significant impairment of quality of life. Cannabis use is common in patients with CVS, and there are limited data on the national trends in the prevalence of its use in the United States.MethodsWe used the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2005 to 2014 and identified hospitalizations with a primary diagnosis of CVS by utilizing the International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision Clinical Modification (ICD‐9 CM) coding system. The primary objective of the study was to analyze the prevalence and trends in cannabis use in CVS patients. We also assessed healthcare resource utilization associated with cannabis use.ResultsA total of 129 090 hospitalizations with a primary diagnosis of CVS were identified and included in the study. In the United States, the overall rate of cannabis use among these patients was 104 per 1000 hospitalizations (N = 13 460). Over the last decade, the prevalence of cannabis use increased by 10‐fold, from 2.2% in 2005 to 21.2% in 2014.ConclusionOur analysis of the national database suggests that nearly 1 in 5 CVS hospitalizations have concurrent cannabis use. This prevalence is significantly rising over the last decade, perhaps due to changing legislation and increased utilization of cannabis. Age younger than 35, male gender, African American and Native American race, personal history of alcohol abuse and tobacco use were some of the strongest predictors of cannabis use.
Cost‐effectiveness of basic vision rehabilitation (The basic VRS‐effect study): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hernández‐Moreno Laura , Senra Hugo , Lewis Peter , Moreno Natacha , Linhares João , Santana Rui , Ramos Pedro Lima , Marques Ana Patrícia , Macedo Antonio Filipe 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the cost‐effectiveness of a basic vision rehabilitation service (basic‐VRS) in Portugal. We designed a parallel group, randomised controlled trial whose aim is to compare the effects and costs of ‘usual low vision care’ with a ‘basic‐VRS intervention’ on self‐reported visual ability and other psychosocial and health‐related quality‐of‐life outcomes.MethodsThe trial will recruit participants that meet the following inclusion criteria: (1) visual acuity between 0.4–1.0 logMAR in the better‐seeing eye, (2) cause of vision loss is diabetic retinopathy or age‐related macular degeneration, (3) 18 years or older and iv) live in the community (not in nursing homes or other type of institution). Participants will be randomised to one of the study arms consisting of immediate intervention and delayed intervention. The delayed intervention group will receive ‘usual care’ or no intervention in the first 12 weeks. Visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and retinal structure will be assessed during the study.ResultsThe primary outcome measure is visual ability, which will be evaluated with the Massof Activity Inventory, we expect that the intervention will raise the overall person measure or visual ability. Reading, health‐related quality‐of‐life, anxiety and depression and social support will be also assessed. The analysis will be undertaken on an intention‐to‐treat basis. A cost‐effectiveness analysis will be performed to provide information about the cost per unit of utility. To evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of the intervention we will adopt the perspective of the healthcare system.ConclusionThis study will provide additional evidence about the effects of basic‐VRS on self‐reported visual ability. Findings from this study should also contribute to better planning of low vision provision and, consequently, may contribute to reduce barriers to basic‐VRS.
Can Pragmatists Be Moderate?
Authors: Worsnip Alex 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn discussions of whether and how pragmatic considerations can make a difference to what one ought to believe, two sets of cases feature. The first set, which dominates the debate about pragmatic reasons for belief, is exemplified by cases of being financially bribed to believe (or withhold from believing) something. The second set, which dominates the debate about pragmatic encroachment on epistemic justification, is exemplified by cases where acting on a belief rashly risks some disastrous outcome if the belief turns out to be false. Call those who think that pragmatic considerations make a difference to what one ought to believe in the second kind of case, but not in the first, ‘moderate pragmatists’. Many philosophers – in particular, most advocates of pragmatic and moral encroachment – are moderate pragmatists. But moderate pragmatists owe us an explanation of exactly why the second kind of pragmatic consideration makes a difference, but the first kind doesn’t. I argue that the most promising of these explanations all fail: they are either theoretically undermotivated, or get key cases wrong, or both. Moderate pragmatism may be an unstable stopping point between a more extreme pragmatism, on one hand, and an uncompromising anti‐pragmatism on the other.
Interdisciplinary Approach to Building Functionality for Weather Hazards
Authors: Kim Amy A. , Reed Dorothy A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIt is estimated that in the United States, people spend 90% of their time in buildings. In order to ensure quality of life for communities, we propose a human‐centric design approach to building “functionality.” “Functionality” is defined as the set of “essential services” to meet occupant needs for safety and well‐being. These services include lighting, heating and cooling, ventilation, water supply, and wastewater management. At present, a multidisciplinary top‐down approach exists where owners dictate the building operations to architects. Our central thesis is that a bottom‐up approach based on occupant safety and well‐being should drive the functionality design process. Research on occupant well‐being conducted by social scientists should be considered by architects in creating the building functionality layout. One of the results of this research should be a set of the type and level of services required for well‐being. Architects and engineers should work together to design physical systems to ensure that the derived acceptable levels of the services not be exceeded for various frequencies of occurrence tied to the weather conditions at the site. In order to make this approach viable, minimal amounts of continuous electric power must be made available such as through building integrated photovoltaic panels. The corresponding onsite power generation and storage needs are therefore a critical aspect of the proposed formulation. It is anticipated that significant interactions during the iterative building design process among the architects and social scientists with the engineering disciplines will change an existing multidisciplinary approach into an interdisciplinary one.
Chronic lung disease in children and adolescents with HIV: a case–control study
Authors: McHugh Grace , Rehman Andrea M. , Simms Victoria , Gonzalez‐Martinez Carmen , Bandason Tsitsi , Dauya Ethel , Moyo Brewster , Mujuru Hilda , Rylance Jamie , Sovershaeva Evgeniya , Weiss Helen A. , Kranzer Katharina , Odland Jon , Ferrand Rashida A. ,   the BREATHE Clinical Trial Team
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the features of HIV‐associated chronic lung disease (CLD) in older children and adolescents living with HIV and to examine the clinical factors associated with CLD. This is a post hoc analysis of baseline data from the BREATHE clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02426112).MethodsChildren and adolescents aged 6–19 years were screened for CLD (defined as a FEV1 z‐score <−1 with no reversibility post‐bronchodilation with salbutamol) at two HIV clinics in Harare, Zimbabwe, and Blantyre, Malawi. Eligible participants with CLD (cases) were enrolled, together with a control group without CLD [frequency‐matched by age group and duration on antiretroviral therapy (ART)] in a 4:1 allocation ratio. A clinical history and examination were undertaken. The association between CLD and a priori‐defined demographic and clinical covariates was investigated using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsOf the 1585 participants screened, 419 (32%) had a FEV1 z‐score <−1, of whom 347 were enrolled as cases [median age 15.3 years (IQR 12.7–17.7); 48.9% female] and 74 with FEV1 z‐score >0 as controls [median age 15.6 years (IQR 12.1–18.2); 62.2% female]. Among cases, current respiratory symptoms including cough and shortness of breath were reported infrequently (9.3% and 1.8%, respectively). However, 152 (43.8%) of cases had a respiratory rate above the 90th centile for their age. Wasting and taking second‐line ART were independently associated with CLD.ConclusionsThe presence of CLD indicates the need to address additional treatment support for youth living with HIV, alongside ART provision, to ensure a healthier adulthood.
Tuberculomas cerebrales: reporte de caso
Authors: Gómez Arias Betty , Zarco Montero Luis Alfonso 
Published: January 2020

El compromiso del sistema nervioso central por tuberculosis, continúa siendo una causa importante de morbi-mortalidad en los países en vías de desarrollo. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con meningitis y tuberculomas en el sistema nervioso central y discutimos los métodos diagnósticos disponibles en la actualidad para esta patología.
Estudios sobre ADN mitocondrial sugieren un linaje predominante en la cordillera Oriental de Colombia y un vínculo suramericano para los arcaicos de Puerto Rico
Authors: Díaz-Matallana Marcela , Martínez-Cruzado Juan C. 
Published: January 2020

Objetivo: Este trabajo integra información de la secuencia del ADNmt del norte de Suramérica con Puerto Rico, con el fin de comprender el poblamiento del Caribe, especialmente de los taínos. De paso, arroja información sobre hechos demográficos en la Colombia precolombina.Metodología: Se obtuvieron 59 muestras de Colombia y Venezuela, las cuales fueron analizadas junto a otras dos pertenecientes a los indios warao y disponibles en el Genbank. Se alinearon secuencias HVR-I y II (Hypervariable Region) y se compararon con el rCRS. El 93,4% de las muestras resultaron ser de origen amerindio.Resultados: Un venezolano exhibió mutaciones relacionadas con el linaje antiguo C-II de Puerto Rico, el cual se estima que arribó a Puerto Rico en la era prearahuaca. Mediante secuenciación completa del ADNmt se demostró que esta muestra, VE6, pertenece al clado americano nativo C1b.Dos personas de Colombia y Venezuela presentaban la transición 16129 que define el linaje A-VIII de Puerto Rico. Dicha transición dentro del haplogrupo A también se ha encontrado en los ciboneyes de Cuba y en otras tribus americanas. La deleción de un par de bases –498d– define el linaje B-I de Colombia (Bogotá y Villa de Leyva, Boyacá), un polimorfismo encontrado en los departamentos correspondientes a la cordillera Oriental y que se extiende al Valle del Cauca y a Panamá.Conclusión: Este linaje experimentó una expansión demográfica en la cordillera Oriental que lo llevó a expandirse geográficamente hasta Panamá. Sería recomendable ampliar el muestreo de la costa norte de Colombia y Venezuela, para encontrar más conexiones precolombinas con Puerto Rico. Además, sería conveniente verificar la distribución geográfica de 498d con un muestreo más numeroso y que cubra una zona más amplia de Colombia.
Morbimortalidad de la terapia endovascular en el tratamiento de estenosis carotídea extracraneana. Colombia 1996 - 2008
Authors: Vargas Vélez Sergio , Münera Chavarriaga Jorge , Zuluaga Gómez Claudia Patricia 
Published: January 2020

Para el tratamiento de la enfermedad carotídea se recomienda como primera elección la endarterectomía, reservándose la angioplastia stent para pacientes con riesgo quirúrgico, por sus comorbilidades o por la localización de la estenosis.
Neuropatía isquémica en un paciente sometido a liposucción abdominal
Authors: Hernández Germán Alberto , Cárdenas Pedro Luis 
Published: January 2020

Se describe el caso de una paciente que fue sometida a un procedimiento de liposucción abdominal y presentó un episodio agudo de pérdida visual unilateral, sin otra sintomatología. Se hizo el diagnóstico de neuropatía óptica isquémica anterior aguda por los hallazgos clínicos y angiografía con fluoresceína.Se describen las características de esta enfermedad y se revisa la literatura en cuanto a su asociación con procedimientos quirúrgicos en general. La importancia del caso radica en su asociación a procedimientos estéticos, pues la neuropatía isquémica no es una entidad exótica como tal.
El manejo de la atresia intestinal tipo IIIb sigue siendo un reto
Authors: Gómez Martín , Beltrán Tatiana Carolina 
Published: January 2020

La atresia intestinal constituye una de las causas más frecuentes de obstrucción intestinal en el recién nacido y es causada por catástrofes vasculares mesentéricas tardías durante el desarrollo embrionario; sin embargo, puede tener otras causas. La atresia de tipo IIIb es rara y su manejo es un reto para todo el equipo médico.Este tipo de atresia sigue siendo de difícil manejo y requiere un equipo completo interdisciplinario para obtener un buen resultado: en primer lugar, lograr la supervivencia y, posteriormente, lograr un crecimiento y un desarrollo normales. La técnica quirúrgica incluye una anastomosis término-terminal; en complicaciones como las del caso presentado, se recurre a las plastias en YV, y a la colocación de férula en el intestino con sonda fenestrada para proteger la anastomosis, con el fin de mantener descomprimido el intestino y permeable distalmente.
Lupus vulgar, reporte de un caso
Authors: Mejía Maddy , Hoyos Victoria , Maldonado Juliana 
Published: January 2020

El lupus vulgar es una de las formas más frecuentes de tuberculosis cutánea. Se trata de una forma crónica y benigna que se presenta en pacientes previamente sensibilizados a Mycobacterium tuberculosis y su diagnóstico se basa principalmente en los hallazgos clínicos e histopatológicos.Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 48 años con antecedentes de infección por virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), que desarrolló lupus vulgar en el codo derecho, de un año de evolución.
Manifestaciones neurológicas atípicas del síndrome de reconstitución inmunológico por infección con el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana, reporte de dos casos
Authors: Bernal-Cano Francisco , Suárez Jorge Oswaldo , Álvarez Carlos Arturo , Lowentein Ellen , Valderrama Sandra Liliana , Gómez Carlos Hernando , Támara José Roberto , Tenorio Iván Ramiro 
Published: January 2020

El síndrome inflamatorio de reconstitución inmunológica en caso de infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) es una entidad clínica rara, que se manifiesta con la activación de procesos infecciosos oportunistas que se encontraban estables.Presentamos dos casos de este síndrome con compromiso del sistema nervioso central: síndrome de movimientos anormales y periférico, y síndrome de Guillain-Barré.