bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A reversible case of rapidly progressive dementia—Hypercalcemia due to hyperparathyroidism
Authors: de Oliveira Martins Duarte Josiana , Pereira Paula Maria Lobato Pestana , Lopes João Nuno Gamito , Goes Ana Teresa Loução , Durán David Campoamor , Sobral Ana Sofia Gonçalves Nunes , Rita Henrique José Barrelas , de Sousa e Costa José António 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWith an increasingly aging population, it is of extreme importance to exclude potentially reversible dementias, such as hyperparathyroidism with hypercalcemia, in the differential diagnosis of a rapidly progressive dementia. According to literature, this entity is undervalued and it is highly relevant to be aware of it.
Atomic Self‐reconstruction of Catalyst Dominated Growth Mechanism of Graphite Structures
Authors: Hu Yang , Zhu Liu , Peng Yong , Fu Jiecai , Deng Xia , Zhang Junwei , Zhang Hong , Guan Chaoshuai , Karim Abdul , Zhang Xixiang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the nucleation and growth process of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is important for guiding their efficient and controllable synthesis in industry. However, the intrinsic mechanism that controls the formation of carbon nanotubes is still controversial. Here, using in‐situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we demonstrate the dynamic catalytic growth of multilayered graphite crystallites and single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) from the Co2C catalyst nanoparticles (NPs) at the atomic resolution. The dissociative carbon atoms arrive at the nucleation sites on the surface of small and large NPs by the surface and bulk diffusion, respectively. These two different diffusion modes are found to be the essential prerequisite for growing single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) or multilayered graphite crystallites. The small NPs utilize crystal self‐rotation to expose the (111) plane for efficiently capturing carbon atoms, while the large NPs use self‐reshaping on (111) facets to provide atomic steps as active nucleation sites. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the observations are in good agreement with the growth mechanism of graphite structures involving the preferential selectivity of crystal facets. Our results may open up the possibility of adjusting the size and crystal orientation of cobalt‐based catalyst particles to efficiently synthesize the SWCNTs with high quality.
Optimization of the Forward Osmosis Process Using Aquaporin Membranes in Chromium Removal
Authors: Naghdali Zohreh , Sahebi Soleyman , Mousazadeh Milad , Jamali Hamzeh Ali 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDue to the lack of affordable and feasible wastewater treatment technologies, various industries in developing countries are discharging chromium (Cr) without meeting the environmental standards. Here, the aim was to employ forward osmosis (FO) using aquaporins (AQP)‐based biomimetic membranes and optimize the Cr rejection through response surface methodology (RSM). The initial concentration of draw solution, feed solution, and time was selected as independent variables in order to optimize Cr rejection and water flux. A high Cr rejection efficiency and water flux were achieved under the optimal conditions. These results revealed that the FO process applying an AQP membrane beside the RSM could be considered to treat wastewaters containing heavy metals.
Highly Stable Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes in Deep Eutectic Solvent for the Preparation of CNT‐Embedded Carbon Xerogels for Supercapacitors
Authors: Chen Ling , Deng Junqian , Song Yandan , Hong Shu , Lian Hailan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe current study reports a kind of ternary deep eutectic solvent (DES) based on choline chloride, urea, and glycerol for the dispersion of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in the presence of surfactant. MWCNT‐embedded organic gels were subsequently prepared from the polymerization of resorcinol and formaldehyde in the obtained MWCNT‐dispersed DES. It has been demonstrated that the as‐prepared DES is excellent in dispersing and stabilizing the MWCNT, and thus allows the in situ synthesis of MWCNT functionalized resorcinol‐formaldehyde xerogels with no visible phase‐separation during the long sol‐gel process. After ambient drying and carbonization, MWCNTs can be well dispersed within the carbon xerogel matrix. The obtained carbon material possesses increased electrical conductivity while preserves the well‐developed porous structure. When used as electrodes in supercapacitors, it exhibits enhanced capacitance as well as rate performance. The specific capacitance at 0.5 A g−1 was 228 F g−1, 22 % more capacitance than that of the pristine carbon xerogel. More remarkably, it provides the electrodes with more than 200 % enhancement in capacitance when compared with that of the MWCNT‐embedded carbon xerogel prepared in aqueous solvent under the same conditions.
Cytoskeletal makeup of the synapse: Shaft versus spine
Authors: Bucher Michael , Fanutza Tomas , Mikhaylova Marina 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe ability of neurons to communicate and store information depends on the activity of synapses which can be located on small protrusions (dendritic spines) or directly on the dendritic shaft. The formation, plasticity, and stability of synapses are regulated by the neuronal cytoskeleton. Actin filaments together with microtubules, neurofilaments, septins, and scaffolding proteins orchestrate the structural organization of both shaft and spine synapses, enabling their efficacy in response to synaptic activation. Synapses critically depend on several factors, which are also mediated by the cytoskeleton, including transport and delivery of proteins from the soma, protein synthesis, as well as surface diffusion of membrane proteins. In this minireview, we focus on recent progress made in the field of cytoskeletal elements of the postsynapse and discuss the differences and similarities between synapses located in the spines versus dendritic shaft.
Lower rates of cancer and all‐cause mortality in an Adventist cohort compared with a US Census population
Authors: Fraser Gary E. , Cosgrove Candace M. , Mashchak Andrew D. , Orlich Michael J. , Altekruse Sean F. 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundPrevious research suggests that Adventists, who often follow vegetarian diets, live longer and have lower risks for many cancers than others, but there are no national data and little published comparative data for black subjects.MethodsThis study compared all‐cause mortality and cancer incidence between the nationally inclusive Adventist Health Study 2 (AHS‐2) and nonsmokers in US Census populations: the National Longitudinal Mortality Study (NLMS) and its Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results substudy. Analyses used proportional hazards regression adjusting for age, sex, race, cigarette smoking history, and education.ResultsAll‐cause mortality and all‐cancer incidence in the black AHS‐2 population were significantly lower than those for the black NLMS populations (hazard ratio [HR] for mortality, 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59‐0.69; HR for incidence, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.68‐0.88). When races were combined, estimated all‐cause mortality was also significantly lower in the AHS‐2 population at the age of 65 years (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.64‐0.69) and at the age of 85 years (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.75‐0.81), as was cancer mortality; this was also true for the rate of all incident cancers combined (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.67‐0.74) and the rates of breast, colorectal, and lung cancers. Survival curves confirmed the mortality results and showed that among males, AHS‐2 blacks survived longer than white US subjects.ConclusionsSubstantially lower rates of all‐cause mortality and cancer incidence among Adventists have implications for the effects of lifestyle and perhaps particularly diet on the etiology of these health problems. Trends similar to those seen in the combined population are also found in comparisons of black AHS‐2 and NLMS subjects.
Carbon Nano‐Onion and Zinc Oxide Composites as an Electron Transport Layer in Inverted Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Bobrowska Diana M. , Castro Edison , Echegoyen Luis , Plonska‐Brzezinska Marta E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe report a facile chemical method to synthesize hybrid nanocomposites containing carbon nano‐onions (CNOs) and zinc oxide or hydroxide. The structure, surface morphology, optical properties and surface area of the CNOs were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, infrared and Raman spectroscopies, and adsorption/desorption N2 techniques. For the first time, we demonstrate the fabrication of bulk heterojunction organic solar cell devices utilizing hybrid nanocomposites containing CNOs and ZnO as the electron transport layer. This configuration showed good photovoltaic performance with maximum external quantum efficiencies of 16.5 and 48.9% and power conversion efficiencies of 0.42 and 1.49% for the pristine ZnO and CNO/ZnO (mCNO : mZnO=1 : 4) layers, respectively.
Fast Treatment of MXene Films with Isocyanate to Give Enhanced Stability
Authors: Bian Renji , Xiang Shanglin , Cai Dongyu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMXenes are a class of two‐dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides with hydrophilic surface. This Communication, for the first time, reports a room temperature‐initiated reaction between octadecyl isocyanate and MXene. This provides a facile and scalable route for introducing long alkane chains to the surface of MXene films. The hydrophobic coatings demonstrate strong ability for protecting MXene against degradation in the presence of moisture.
Multiobjective routing protocol for wireless sensor network optimization using ant colony conveyance algorithm
Authors: Sasi Swapna B. , Santhosh R. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe widely deployed wireless sensor networks, incorporated with the capabilities of sensing, processing, and communicating, require more effective routing to maintain the balance between the performance parameters and to be prevented from the security attacks. The cryptographic methods used were effective but consumed more energy on the authentication, the encryption, and the decryption. So the routing addressing the security problems, with the reduced energy consumption, latency, and PDR losses, maximizing the network lifetime is proposed in the paper. This multiobjective routing problem of the sensor networks is handled using the ant colony routing techniques, taking into consideration the remaining energy of the nodes, the distance between the nodes, and the trust credentials of the nodes, to reduce the energy consumption and enhance the lifetime of the sensor networks. The further performance evaluation using the network simulator‐2 reveals the efficiency and the quality of the service of proposed routing technique over existing techniques on the grounds of energy utilization, PDR, lifetime of sensor networks, and the security enhancement rate.
Risk of malignancy in “atypia of undetermined significance” category of salivary gland fine‐needle aspiration: A bi‐institutional experience
Authors: Alruwaii Fatimah , Hang Jen‐Fan , Zeng Bao‐Rung , Cramer Harvey M. , Lai Chiung‐Ru , De la Sancha Carlo , Wu Howard H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundMany prior institutional and multi‐institutional studies have applied the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) retrospectively to their specimens to determine the risk of malignancy (ROM) of each category. Most of these studies focused on general assessment of the system and risk classification. However, there seems to be less focus on the category of atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) that could be attributed to the low number of cases that could fit into this category. Herein, we present a bi‐institutional experience with this category.MethodsA computerized search of the databases was performed to identify all salivary gland fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) in two institutions over a period of 12 years. The final diagnosis of each case was reclassified based on MSRSGC, and histology follow‐up was retrieved.ResultsSixty AUS cases (out of 1560 salivary gland FNA) were identified with a rate of 3.8%. Forty cases (66%) had a subsequent tissue material. Correlation with histology revealed that the estimated ROM is 37.5% (15/40) and the overall ROM is 25% (15/60). Fifty percent of the cases had a prominent lymphoid component and most commonly represented lymphomas, reactive lymph node or sialadenitis.ConclusionThe AUS category is a heterogeneous group of lesions with predominant lymphoid‐rich entities. Some variability exists between institutions with most having higher ROM than the suggested 20% by the MSRSGC atlas.
Engagement with MyFitnessPal in eating disorders: Qualitative insights from online forums
Authors: McCaig Duncan , Elliott Mark T. , Prnjak Katarina , Walasek Lukasz , Meyer Caroline 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveUsing calorie‐counting and fitness‐tracking technologies is concerning in relation to eating disorders. While studies in this area typically assess one aspect of use (e.g., frequency), engagement with a device or application is more complex. Consequently, important relationships between the use of these technologies and the eating disorder symptomatology might remain undetected. The current study therefore used comments from online eating disorder‐related forums to generate comprehensive qualitative insights into engagement with a popular calorie‐counting and fitness‐tracking application, MyFitnessPal.MethodFirst, we extracted every comment mentioning MyFitnessPal made on three eating disorder‐related forums between May 2015 and January 2018 (1,695 comments from 920 commenters). Then, we conducted an inductive thematic analysis using these comments to identify important aspects of engagement with MyFitnessPal.ResultsThe analyses resulted in three themes: Preventing misuse, describing ways in which MyFitnessPal attempts to prevent pathological use and actions taken by users to circumvent its interventions; Accuracy, outlining distrust of MyFitnessPal's accuracy and ways in which perceived inaccuracy is reduced or compensated for; and Psychosocial factors, comprising cognitive, behavioral, and social factors that influence, or are influenced by, engagement with MyFitnessPal.DiscussionThe qualitative insights provide a detailed overview of how people with high levels of eating disorder symptomatology likely engage with MyFitnessPal. The insights can be used as a basis to develop valid, quantitative assessment of pathological patterns of engagement with calorie‐counting and fitness‐tracking technologies. The findings can also provide clinicians with insight into how their patients likely engage with, and are affected by, these devices and applications.
How do leaders' perceptions of organizational health climate shape employee exhaustion and engagement? Toward a cascading‐effects model
Authors: Kaluza Antonia J. , Schuh Sebastian C. , Kern Marcel , Xin Katherine , van Dick Rolf 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAlthough researchers and practitioners increasingly focus on health promotion in organizations, research has been mainly fragmented and fails to integrate different organizational levels in terms of their effects on employee health. Drawing on organizational climate and social identity research, we present a cascading model of organizational health climate and demonstrate how and when leaders' perceptions of organizational health climate are linked to employee well‐being. We tested our model in two multisource studies (NStudy 1 = 65 leaders and 291 employees; NStudy 2 = 401 leader–employee dyads). Results showed that leaders' perceptions of organizational health climate were positively related to their health mindsets (i.e., their health awareness). These in turn were positively associated with their health‐promoting leadership behavior, which ultimately went along with better employee well‐being. Additionally, in Study 1, the relationship between perceived organizational health climate and leaders' health mindsets was moderated by their organizational identification. High leader identification strengthened the relationship between perceived organizational health climate and leaders' health mindsets. These findings have important implications for theory and practice as they show how the dynamics of an organizational health climate can unfold in organizations and how it is related to employee well‐being via the novel concept of health‐promoting leadership.
Sampling and Weighting
Authors: Cooney Jennifer , Siegel Peter 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn institution research, surveys of students or faculty can be a helpful tool to gather data. Surveying a sample of students or faculty and computing weights to be able to make inferences to your student or faculty population are important. In this chapter, we introduce the connected topics of sampling and weighting. We begin with a discussion on the purpose of sampling, the benefits of sampling, and a description of different types of sample designs, ranging from simple designs to very complex designs. We use NPSAS as an example. The second half of the chapter is a discussion on weighting and computing and using weights. It begins with the definition of weights and the reasons to use them and illustrates the concepts presented with an example. A brief discussion of variances is included.
NCES Sample Surveys: A Practical Primer for New Users, Practitioners, and Policymakers
Authors: Ramirez Nestor Alexis , Lacy Austin , Duprey Michael , Jones Anthony 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe resources needed to conduct high‐quality and large‐scale survey research are often beyond the reach of institutional researchers and higher education analysts. However, the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) provides many national student surveys that researchers can utilize. We outline four NCES studies—the High School Longitudinal Study of 2009, the National Postsecondary Student Aid Study, the Beginning Postsecondary Students Longitudinal Study, and Baccalaureate and Beyond Longitudinal Study—and describe their samples and research topics that can be explored with each. Using practitioner focused case studies as examples, we then describe three ways that researchers can access and utilize these data. We also provide an appendix with code for importing data, using weights, and estimating variance in R, Stata, SAS, and SPSS.
Leveraging State Data Systems to Address Policy‐Relevant Research: The Case of Dual Enrollment
Authors: Zinth Jennifer , Taylor Jason L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDual enrollment is a complex policy issue and is increasingly of interest to state policymakers. Adequate data and data systems are critical to informing dual enrollment policy, yet the data at the federal level and many state data systems suffer from common challenges and lack the capacity to address dual enrollment policy. We review the programmatic components that make dual enrollment a complex policy topic and then outlines the features of dual enrollment that make it a topic of interest for state leaders, and underscores the benefits of dual enrollment data collection and reporting. We then describe national data on dual enrollment and note the shortcomings inherent in each. Given that dual enrollment programs vary tremendously by state, we subsequently examine the limitations of existing state dual enrollment data and data systems and highlight states with robust dual enrollment data collection and data reporting systems.
Small nucleolar RNA host gene 3 facilitates cell proliferation and migration in oral squamous cell carcinoma via targeting nuclear transcription factor Y subunit gamma
Authors: Liu Zhi , Tao Hong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been reported to be the most common oral carcinoma. Emerging evidence has revealed the key role that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play in numerous malignancies, including OSCC. LncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 3 (SNHG3) has been reported as an oncogenic factor in some cancers. Nonetheless, the role of SNHG3 in OSCC has never been clarified. In this study, we analyzed the expression patterns of SNHG3 in OSCC through quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. It was revealed that the expression level of SNHG3 was remarkably elevated in OSCC cell lines compared with the nontumor cell line. It was demonstrated by functional experiments that SNHG3 knockdown notably inhibited cell proliferation and migration in OSCC. RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA pull down, and messenger RNA (mRNA) stability test verified that SNHG3 decoyed ELAV like RNA‐binding protein 1 (ELAVL1) and therefore stabilized nuclear transcription factor Y subunit gamma (NFYC) mRNA to upregulate the expression levels of NFYC in OSCC cells. At last, it was confirmed by rescue experiments that the inhibiting impacts of SNHG3 knockdown on OSCC cell proliferation and migration could be partly revived by NFYC overexpression. Besides, we validated that Wnt/β‐catenin pathway was also involved in SNHG3‐regulated OSCC progression. In conclusion, SNHG3 might serve as a novel biomarker for OSCC.
Adverse experiences, mental health, and substance use disorders as social determinants of incarceration
Authors: Henry Brandy F. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study describes how incarcerated people understand: (a) Adverse experiences, mental health, and substance use disorders as determinants of incarceration, (b) the role of gender in impacting this understanding, and (c) strategies to prevent incarceration. Ecosocial theory provides a theoretical framework. Open‐ended interviews were conducted (December 2016–January 2017) with recently incarcerated adults in Massachusetts state prisons. Participants described determinants of incarceration and incarceration prevention strategies. Interviews were coded thematically using inductive and deductive approaches. Thirty participants, evenly split by gender, reported themes across four levels: Society (lacking basic needs, discrimination), community (neighborhood factors), interpersonal (trauma), and individual (social isolation, mental health, substance use). However, there were variations in themes by gender. Proposed prevention strategies included early access to quality individualized cross‐system services. In conclusion, findings highlight how investing in social and community building services could prevent incarceration. Policies can support these services by redirecting funding.
How adolescents define their home neighborhoods conceptually and spatially
Authors: Colburn Sindhia , Pratt Mercedes , Mueller Colette , Tompsett Carolyn J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTo advance person‐centered methods of operationalizing youths’ social environment, we explored adolescents’ definitions of “home neighborhood” by integrating narrative data with geographic information systems. We gathered data using semi‐structured interviews and sketch maps with 55 adolescents aged 11–19 (78% African–American) in urban neighborhoods. We analyzed transcripts for themes through an iterative coding process and geocoded neighborhood sketches and activity locations using ArcGIS software. Thematic analyses revealed that adolescents identify their home neighborhood based on relationships with residents, personal histories, and positive cognitive or affective responses to the area. Participants rarely drew polygons to represent neighborhoods, and their activities were often located outside of self‐identified boundaries. Their views on the “home neighborhood” construct did not predict their strategies for defining spatial boundaries. Overall, the results suggest that adolescents hold idiosyncratic perspectives on their neighborhood spaces, shaped by their experiences and social identities, that have implications for place‐based research and initiatives targeting youth.