bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Programmable synchronization enhanced MEMS resonant accelerometer
Authors: Xu Liu , Wang Shudong , Jiang Zhuangde , Wei Xueyong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAcceleration measurement is of great significance due to its extensive applications in military/industrial fields. In recent years, scientists have been pursuing methods to improve the performance of accelerometers, particularly through seeking new sensing mechanisms. Herein, we present a synchronized oscillator-based enhancement approach to realize a fivefold resolution improvement of a microelectromechanical resonant accelerometer. Through the unidirectional electrical coupling method, we achieved synchronization of the sensing oscillator of the microelectromechanical resonant accelerometer and an external reading oscillator, which remarkably enhanced the stability of the oscillation system to 19.4 ppb and the resolution of the accelerometer to 1.91 μg. In addition, the narrow synchronization bandwidth of conventional synchronized oscillators was discussed, and hence, we propose a novel frequency automatic tracking system to expand the synchronization bandwidth from 113 to 1246 Hz, which covers the full acceleration measurement range of ±1 g. For the first time, we utilized a unidirectional electrical synchronization mechanism to improve the resolution of resonant sensors. Our comprehensive scheme provides a general and powerful solution for performance enhancement of any microelectromechanical system (MEMS) resonant sensor, thereby enabling a wide spectrum of applications.
Intratumoural immunotherapies for unresectable and metastatic melanoma: current status and future perspectives
Authors: Middleton Mark R. , Hoeller Christoph , Michielin Olivier , Robert Caroline , Caramella Caroline , Öhrling Katarina , Hauschild Axel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe emergence of human intratumoural immunotherapy (HIT-IT) is a major step forward in the management of unresectable melanoma. The direct injection of treatments into melanoma lesions can cause cell lysis and induce a local immune response, and might be associated with a systemic immune response. Directly injecting immunotherapies into tumours achieves a high local concentration of immunostimulatory agent while minimising systemic exposure and, as such, HIT-IT agents are associated with lower toxicity than systemic immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs), enabling their potential use in combination with other therapies. Consequently, multiple HIT-IT agents, including oncolytic viruses, pattern-recognition receptor agonists, injected CPIs, cytokines and immune glycolipids, are under investigation. This review considers the current clinical development status of HIT-IT agents as monotherapy and in combination with systemic CPIs, and the practical aspects of administering and assessing the response to these agents. The future of HIT-IT probably lies in its use in combination with systemic CPIs; data from Phase 2 trials indicate a synergy between HIT-IT and CPIs. Data also suggest that the addition of HIT-IT to a CPI might generate responses in CPI-refractory tumours, thereby overcoming resistance and addressing a current unmet need in unresectable and metastatic melanoma for treatment options following progression after CPI treatment.
Avascular Necrosis of the Intermedioradial Carpal Bone in a 6-Month-Old Dog
Authors: Kenny Dan D. , O'Neill Turlough 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA 6-month-old neutered male dog presented for investigation of right thoracic limb lameness of 6-week duration following an acute injury. Radiography and computed tomography revealed focal osteolysis of the intermedioradial carpal bone. Histopathology of the bone revealed osteonecrosis, bone resorption, fibrous proliferation and new bone formation suggestive of avascular necrosis. Pancarpal arthrodesis was performed to stabilize the carpus and resulted in resolution of lameness and return to normal exercise. Avascular necrosis of carpal bones is rare and unreported in skeletally immature dogs. The imaging and histopathological changes in this dog's intermedioradial carpal bone bear strong similarity to Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease and the two presentations may have a similar traumatic vascular pathology.
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: Advocacy and Communicating with the Public
Authors: Uretsky Madeline , Nowinski Christopher J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOver the past 40 years, advocacy groups have been instrumental in raising awareness for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. More recently, advocates have emerged to educate about sports concussions and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), including the Concussion Legacy Foundation (CLF). CTE is a neurodegenerative disease caused in part by repetitive head impacts (RHI). While the majority of CTE research has focused on studying former American football players, CTE has also been found in military personnel, victims of domestic violence, and contact sport athletes from high school to professional levels of play. Advocates' many goals include creating a culture of brain donation and modifying youth contact sports to decrease RHI. Here, we provide the first review of CTE advocacy, summarize the accomplishments of the CLF, and consider the connections between CTE advocacy, research, and legislation over the last decade.
“Actually, in my culture…” Identity, positioning, and intersubjectivity in cross-cultural interviews
Authors: Groves Olivia , Chen Honglin , Verenikina Irina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe increasing internationalization of education has brought diversification to university student populations. The demographic changes pose great challenges to interview practice as interviews are increasingly occurring in cross-cultural contexts and often involve participants from diverse cultural backgrounds. Recent research has demonstrated that the cultural identity of the interviewer, in particular, the insider or outsider positioning relative to the participants, can impinge upon the quantity and quality of the collected interview data and research outcomes. In this paper, we go beyond this conception of interviewer as either a cultural insider or outsider to examine how multiple identities and positionings are enacted by interviewer and interviewees in order to achieve intersubjectivity, or common ground, in cross-cultural research interviews. The paper contributes to understanding the complexity of cross-cultural interviews, in particular, the impact of positioning processes on the establishment of intersubjectivity and data construction.
Gallo-Romance lenition in Germanic loanwords
Authors: Vaan Michiel de 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
One of the earliest changes affecting Western Romance before the end of the Roman Empire was the lenition of
intervocalic *p, *t, *k to *b, *d, *g. We
find its effects in a number of Romance loanwords in West Germanic. The word for ‘market’ has not played a role in this discussion
because it is often attested with t in the West Germanic languages. Still, there are strong indications that the
word was borrowed into Germanic as *markadu after the lenition of intervocalic t in Romance. Its
phonological make-up is comparable to that of Latin vocatus, which was borrowed into Germanic as
*fogadu.
A contribution to Old English lexicography
Authors: García Fernández Laura 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article contributes to Old English Lexicography with the lemmatisation of five Old English class VII verbs. The scope is restricted toūtgangan, wiðhealdan, oferscēadan, onbefeallanandongangan, for which very little information can be gathered from the available lexicographical sources. Lemmatisation is a pending task because there is not a complete list with all the attested forms by dictionary word, and because the available corpora are unlemmatised. The methodology focuses on the manual revision of the inflectional forms (retrieved from the DOEC) using lexicographical and textual sources with the aim of providing the citations together with their translation into Present-Day English. As a result, this work provides insights on building dictionary entries for these verbs, including the list of inflectional forms attested in the corpus, the meaning definition, and the morphology of the word formation. The entries for these lemmas, if listed by the dictionaries, are often incomplete, but more importantly, they are not based on a lemmatised corpus.
The Leipzig-Jakarta list as a means to test Old English / Old Norse mutual intelligibility
Authors: Keller Jonas 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The use of basic word lists has long been common in the fields of second language acquisition and language typology.
The application to the study of mutual intelligibility between closely related languages on the other hand has never gained much
traction. This article will analyse the degree of mutual intelligibility between the vocabularies of Old English (Anglian) and Old
Norse (Old Icelandic) with the use of the Leipzig-Jakarta List which ranks vocabulary by their resistance to borrowing. The
entries were transliterated to the International Phonetic Alphabet and truncated so that only the word-roots remained. The entries
were then compared using a rule-set based on phonetic deviations, the so-called Levenshtein Distance and a method derived from it
called ALINE. The study finds a relatively low phonetic distance between the lists and concludes that they are overall close
enough to be mutually intelligible.
Wain, wagon and wayfarer
Authors: Schulte Michael 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe runic inscriptions of the older period contain a series of terms referring to the notion of speed, agility and alertness in a broader sense. Most of these forms that occur on runestones are conveniently explained in terms of bynames and individual names (cf.Brylla 1993). The paper explores the structure of this lexical field which has two major sub-groups: (1) Weapon names designating attack and swift motion, and (2) Personal names and bynames invoking the notions of speed, travel and alertness. Subgroup 1 includes East Germanic material, whereas subgroup 2 seems to be restricted to the Northwest Germanic linguistic territory. The recently discovered Rakkestad runestone from eastern Norway affirms the relevance of this interpretation of personal names and bynames. The paper argues that this linguistic discussion is of socio-cultural importance in an overarching perspective of Early Norse society.
Dear, my dear, my lady, your ladyship
Authors: Buyle Anouk 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the use ofmyas part of address formulae by means of a corpus consisting of eight British English plays published between 1899 and 1912. For each conversational turn, address terms, speaker, addressee, power and solidarity dynamics, and speech acts have been identified. The address terms most frequently modified bymyhave been selected for further investigation, which allows an analysis of the alternation betweendearandmy dear, as well asmy lord/ladyandyour lordship/ladyship. Results show that, whenmyhas impact on the power dimension, the address formula withmyconstrues the addressee as less powerful than the speaker. Whenmyhas impact on the solidarity dimension, the address formula withmyconstrues the addressee as a close interlocutor. The functional import ofmyvaries depending on the address term it modifies, which is consistent with its function as a modulating element.
Deciphering Aspergillus fumigatus cyp51A-mediated triazole resistance by pyrosequencing of respiratory specimens
Authors: Novak-Frazer Lilyann , Anees-Hill Samuel P , Hassan Darin , Masania Rikesh , Moore Caroline B , Richardson Malcolm D , Denning David W , Rautemaa-Richardson Riina 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Infections caused by triazole drug-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus are an increasing problem. The sensitivity of standard culture is poor, abrogating susceptibility testing. Early detection of resistance can improve patient outcomes, yet tools for this purpose are limited.

Objectives
To develop and validate a pyrosequencing technique to detect resistance-conferring cyp51A polymorphisms from clinical respiratory specimens and A. fumigatus isolates.

Methods
Method validation was performed by Sanger sequencing and pyrosequencing of 50 A. fumigatus isolates with a spectrum of triazole susceptibility patterns. Then, 326 Aspergillus quantitative PCR (qPCR)-positive respiratory samples collected over a 27 month period (January 2017–March 2019) from 160 patients at the UK National Aspergillosis Centre were assessed by cyp51A pyrosequencing. The Sanger sequencing and pyrosequencing results were compared with those from high-volume culture and standard susceptibility testing.

Results
The cyp51A genotypes of the 50 isolates analysed by pyrosequencing and Sanger sequencing matched. Of the 326 Aspergillus qPCR-positive respiratory specimens, 71.2% were reported with no A. fumigatus growth. Of these, 56.9% (132/232) demonstrated a WT cyp51A genotype and 31.5% (73/232) a resistant genotype by pyrosequencing. Pyrosequencing identified the environmental TR34/L98H mutation in 18.7% (61/326) of the samples in contrast to 6.4% (21/326) pan-azole resistance detected by culture. Importantly, pyrosequencing detected resistance earlier than culture in 23.3% of specimens.

Conclusions
The pyrosequencing assay described could detect a wide range of cyp51A polymorphisms associated with triazole resistance, including those not identified by commercial assays. This method allowed prompt recognition of resistance and the selection of appropriate antifungal treatment when culture was negative.
OrderRex clinical user testing: a randomized trial of recommender system decision support on simulated cases
Authors: Kumar Andre , Aikens Rachael C , Hom Jason , Shieh Lisa , Chiang Jonathan , Morales David , Saini Divya , Musen Mark , Baiocchi Michael , Altman Russ , Goldstein Mary K , Asch Steven , Chen Jonathan H 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective
To assess usability and usefulness of a machine learning-based order recommender system applied to simulated clinical cases.

Materials and Methods
43 physicians entered orders for 5 simulated clinical cases using a clinical order entry interface with or without access to a previously developed automated order recommender system. Cases were randomly allocated to the recommender system in a 3:2 ratio. A panel of clinicians scored whether the orders placed were clinically appropriate. Our primary outcome included the difference in clinical appropriateness scores. Secondary outcomes included total number of orders, case time, and survey responses.

Results
Clinical appropriateness scores per order were comparable for cases randomized to the order recommender system (mean difference -0.11 order per score, 95% CI: [-0.41, 0.20]). Physicians using the recommender placed more orders (median 16 vs 15 orders, incidence rate ratio 1.09, 95%CI: [1.01-1.17]). Case times were comparable with the recommender system. Order suggestions generated from the recommender system were more likely to match physician needs than standard manual search options. Physicians used recommender suggestions in 98% of available cases. Approximately 95% of participants agreed the system would be useful for their workflows.

Discussion
User testing with a simulated electronic medical record interface can assess the value of machine learning and clinical decision support tools for clinician usability and acceptance before live deployments.

Conclusions
Clinicians can use and accept machine learned clinical order recommendations integrated into an electronic order entry interface in a simulated setting. The clinical appropriateness of orders entered was comparable even when supported by automated recommendations.
Evaluation of patient-level retrieval from electronic health record data for a cohort discovery task
Authors: Chamberlin Steven R , Bedrick Steven D , Cohen Aaron M , Wang Yanshan , Wen Andrew , Liu Sijia , Liu Hongfang , Hersh William R 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective
Growing numbers of academic medical centers offer patient cohort discovery tools to their researchers, yet the performance of systems for this use case is not well understood. The objective of this research was to assess patient-level information retrieval methods using electronic health records for different types of cohort definition retrieval.

Materials and Methods
We developed a test collection consisting of about 100 000 patient records and 56 test topics that characterized patient cohort requests for various clinical studies. Automated information retrieval tasks using word-based approaches were performed, varying 4 different parameters for a total of 48 permutations, with performance measured using B-Pref. We subsequently created structured Boolean queries for the 56 topics for performance comparisons. In addition, we performed a more detailed analysis of 10 topics.

Results
The best-performing word-based automated query parameter settings achieved a mean B-Pref of 0.167 across all 56 topics. The way a topic was structured (topic representation) had the largest impact on performance. Performance not only varied widely across topics, but there was also a large variance in sensitivity to parameter settings across the topics. Structured queries generally performed better than automated queries on measures of recall and precision but were still not able to recall all relevant patients found by the automated queries.

Conclusion
While word-based automated methods of cohort retrieval offer an attractive solution to the labor-intensive nature of this task currently used at many medical centers, we generally found suboptimal performance in those approaches, with better performance obtained from structured Boolean queries. Future work will focus on using the test collection to develop and evaluate new approaches to query structure, weighting algorithms, and application of semantic methods.
scampy – A sub-halo clustering and abundance matching based python interface for painting galaxies on the dark matter halo/sub-halo hierarchy
Authors: Ronconi Tommaso , Lapi Andrea , Viel Matteo , Sartori Alberto 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
We present a computational framework for ‘painting’ galaxies on top of the dark matter halo/sub-halo hierarchy obtained from N-body simulations. The method we use is based on the sub-halo clustering and abundance matching (SCAM) scheme which requires observations of the 1- and 2-point statistics of the target (observed) population we want to reproduce. This method is particularly tailored for high redshift studies and thereby relies on the observed high-redshift galaxy luminosity functions and correlation properties. The core functionalities are written in C++ and exploit Object Oriented Programming, with a wide use of polymorphism, to achieve flexibility and high computational efficiency. In order to have an easily accessible interface, all the libraries are wrapped in python and provided with an extensive documentation. We validate our results and provide a simple and quantitative application to reionization, with an investigation of physical quantities related to the galaxy population, ionization fraction, and bubble size distribution. The library is publicly available at https://github.com/TommasoRonconi/scampy with full documentation and examples at https://scampy.readthedocs.io.
Transcriptional interference at tandem lncRNA and protein-coding genes: an emerging theme in regulation of cellular nutrient homeostasis
Authors: Shuman Stewart 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTandem transcription interference occurs when the act of transcription from an upstream promoter suppresses utilization of a co-oriented downstream promoter. Because eukaryal genomes are liberally interspersed with transcription units specifying long non-coding (lnc) RNAs, there are many opportunities for lncRNA synthesis to negatively affect a neighboring protein-coding gene. Here, I review two eukaryal systems in which lncRNA interference with mRNA expression underlies a regulated biological response to nutrient availability. Budding yeast SER3 is repressed under serine-replete conditions by transcription of an upstream SRG1 lncRNA that traverses the SER3 promoter and elicits occlusive nucleosome rearrangements. SER3 is de-repressed by serine withdrawal, which leads to shut-off of SRG1 synthesis. The fission yeast phosphate homeostasis (PHO) regulon comprises three phosphate acquisition genes – pho1, pho84, and tgp1 – that are repressed under phosphate-replete conditions by 5′ flanking lncRNAs prt, prt2, and nc-tgp1, respectively. lncRNA transcription across the PHO mRNA promoters displaces activating transcription factor Pho7. PHO mRNAs are transcribed during phosphate starvation when lncRNA synthesis abates. The PHO regulon is de-repressed in phosphate-replete cells by genetic manipulations that favor ‘precocious’ lncRNA 3′-processing/termination upstream of the mRNA promoters. PHO lncRNA termination is governed by the Pol2 CTD code and is subject to metabolite control by inositol pyrophosphates.
Brain foods - the role of diet in brain performance and health
Authors: Ekstrand Bo , Scheers Nathalie , Rasmussen Martin Krøyer , Young Jette Feveile , Ross Alastair B , Landberg Rikard 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The performance of the human brain is based on an interplay between the inherited genotype and external environmental factors, including diet. Food and nutrition, essential in maintenance of brain performance, also aid in prevention and treatment of mental disorders. Both the overall composition of the human diet and specific dietary components have been shown to have an impact on brain function in various experimental models and epidemiological studies. This narrative review provides an overview of the role of diet in 5 key areas of brain function related to mental health and performance, including: (1) brain development, (2) signaling networks and neurotransmitters in the brain, (3) cognition and memory, (4) the balance between protein formation and degradation, and (5) deteriorative effects due to chronic inflammatory processes. Finally, the role of diet in epigenetic regulation of brain physiology is discussed.