bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell immunity is maintained at 6 months following primary infection
Authors: Zuo Jianmin , Dowell Alex , Pearce Hayden , Verma Kriti , Long Heather , Begym Jusnara , Aiano Felicity , Amin-Chowdhury Zahin , Hallis Bassam , Stapley Lorrain , Barrow Ray , Linley Ezra , Ahmad Shazaad , Parker Ben , Horsley Alex , Amirthalingam Gayatri , Brown Kevin , Ramsay Mary , Ladhani Shamez , Moss Paul 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is critical in both controlling primary infection and preventing re-infection. However, there is concern that immune responses following natural infection may not be sustained and that this may predispose to recurrent infection. We analysed the magnitude and phenotype of the SARS-CoV-2 cellular immune response in 100 donors at six months following primary infection and related this to the profile of antibody level against spike, nucleoprotein and RBD over the previous six months. T-cell immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 were present by ELISPOT or ICS analysis in all donors and are characterised by predominant CD4+ T cell responses with strong IL-2 cytokine expression. Median T-cell responses were 50% higher in donors who had experienced an initial symptomatic infection indicating that the severity of primary infection establishes a ‘setpoint’ for cellular immunity that lasts for at least 6 months. The T-cell responses to both spike and nucleoprotein/membrane proteins were strongly correlated with the peak antibody level against each protein. The rate of decline in antibody level varied between individuals and higher levels of nucleoprotein-specific T cells were associated with preservation of NP-specific antibody level although no such correlation was observed in relation to spike-specific responses. In conclusion, our data are reassuring that functional SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses are retained at six months following infection although the magnitude of this response is related to the clinical features of primary infection.
Drivers of Carbon Flux in Drip Irrigation Maize Fields in Northwest China
Authors: Guo Hui , Li Sien , Wong Fuk-Ling , Qin Shujing , Wang Yahui , Yang Danni , Lam Hon-Ming 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Under the escalating threat to sustainable development from the global increase in carbon dioxide concentrations, the variations in carbon flux in the farmland ecosystem and their influencing factors have attracted global attention. Over the past few decades, with the development of eddy covariance technology, the carbon fluxes of forests and grasslands have been determined in many countries. However, studies are very limited for the arid regions in northwestern China, which covers a large area where a mixed mode of agriculture and grazing is practiced. Results: To study the effects of drip irrigation on the net ecosystem productivity (NEE), ecosystem respiration (ER), gross primary production (GPP) and net biome productivity (NBP) in the arid regions of northwestern China, we measured the carbon flux annually from 2014 to 2018 using an eddy covariance system. Our results showed that the maize field carbon flux exhibited single-peak seasonal patterns during the growing seasons. During 2014-2018, the NEE, ER and GPP of the drip-irrigated maize field ranged between -407~-729 g C m-2, 485.46~975.46 g C m-2, and 1068.23~1705.30 g C m-2. In four of the five study years, the ER released back to the atmosphere was just over half of the carbon fixed by photosynthesis. The mean daily NEE, ER and GPP were significantly correlated with the net radiation (Rn), air temperature (Ta), leaf area index (LAI) and soil moisture (SWC). The results of path analysis showed that leaf area index is the main driving force of seasonal variation of carbon flux. When harvested removals were considered, the annual NBP was -234 g C m-2, and the drip-irrigated maize field was a carbon source. Conclusions: This study shows the variation and influencing factors of NEE, ER and GPP in the growth period of spring maize under film drip irrigation in arid areas of northwest China. The ecosystem was a carbon sink before maize harvest, but it was converted into a carbon source considering the carbon emissions after harvest. The variation of carbon flux was influenced by both environmental and vegetation factors, and its leaf area index was the main driver that affects the seasonal variation of carbon flux.
Patient and public involvement prior to trial initiation: lessons learnt for rapid partnership in the COVID-19 era.
Authors: Jamal Zahra , Perkins Alexander , Allen Christopher , Group Research Advisory , Evans Richard , Sturgess Joanna , Snowdon Claire , Clayton Tim , Elbourne Diana 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Clinical trials are playing a critical role in the global public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the increasing recognition of the value of PPI in clinical trials, just 20% of the COVID-19 research proposals reviewed by Research Ethics Committees in the UK at the start of the pandemic reported PPI. There is a perception that PPI might result in delays in delivering research and therefore delays in obtaining important results. In this paper, we report our experience of rapid PPI for a COVID-19 clinical trial. Methods: RAPID-19 is a COVID-19 clinical trial which was planned to be submitted for fast-track ethics review in the United Kingdom. During the development of the trial protocol, the PPI Panel at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Clinical Trials Unit was involved in the design of the study. The meeting with the PPI Panel lasted just over one hour and was conducted by teleconference.Results: Although we only had a short period of time to explore the study with the PPI Panel, we were able to gain valuable insight into how the trial would be perceived by potential trial participants. Substantive changes were made to the trial to improve the acceptability of the research without compromising the study timelines. Having access to public contributors with relevant lived experience is an important resource for a Clinical Trials Unit and is critical for rapid PPI. The move to remote working due to lockdown required virtual discussions which helped to overcome some of the barriers to organising face-to-face meetings at short notice.Conclusions: PPI for clinical trials can be conducted in a time-efficient manner within the pressured environment of a pandemic. Involving PPI contributors at an early stage in protocol development maximised the opportunity to shape and influence the trial as well as limited potential delays which could occur if changes to the protocol had to be made at a later stage
Fusobacterium Nucleatum Promotes Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Invasion to Modulate the Inflammatory Cytotoxicity of Pulmonary Epithelial Cells
Authors: Li Qian , Wang Hongyan , Tan Lisi , Zhang Shuwei , Lin Li , Tang Xiaolin , Pan Yaping 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common and costly respiratory disease and is a leading cause of mortality globally. Inflammatory damage induced by bacterial infections is an important contributor to the etiology of COPD. Fusobacterium nucleatum, a recognized periodontal pathogen, frequently coexists with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the airway of COPD patients, its amount is negatively correlated with lung function of COPD patients coinfected with P. aeruginosa, but the mechanism of this is still unclear. This study intends to reveal the effect of F. nucleatum on P. aeruginosa-induced inflammatory cytotoxicity of pulmonary epithelial cells to illustrate the underlying mechanism of the above clinical phenomenon.MethodsA549 cells were infected with F. nucleatum and P. aeruginosa simultaneously or sequentially. Bacterial aggregation assay and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to evaluate the interaction between F. nucleatum and P. aeruginosa. Antibiotic protection assay was used to detect bacterial adhesion and invasion. The cellular proliferation and cytotoxic damage were examined through CCK-8 assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage assay and calcein acetoxymethyl ester/propidium iodide (Calcein-AM/PI) staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to observe IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α expressions.ResultsP. aeruginosa mainly induces IL-1β and IL-6 associated inflammatory cytotoxicity of pulmonary epithelial cells, F. nucleatum mainly initiates high inflammatory proliferation of pulmonary epithelial cells. When pulmonary epithelial cells are simultaneously infected with P. aeruginosa and F. nucleatum, F. nucleatum coaggregates with P. aeruginosa to synergistically invade into pulmonary epithelial cells and transiently resists P. aeruginosa-induced cytotoxic damage to amplify IL-6 and TNF-α associated inflammation in pulmonary epithelial cells. Furthermore, F. nucleatum maintains or even aggravates P. aeruginosa-induced inflammatory cytotoxicity of pulmonary epithelial cells, no matter which were pretreated or subsequentially infected with F. nucleatum.ConclusionsF. nucleatum modulates P. aeruginosa-induced inflammatory cytotoxicity of pulmonary epithelial cells, which may contribute to persistent exacerbation of COPD patients accompanied with P. aeruginosa and F. nucleatum coinfection.
Peripheral CD4CD8 Double Positive T Cells: A Potential Marker to Evaluate Kidney Damage Susceptibility During SLE
Authors: Chang Kai , Wang Yanyan , Liu Chenxia , Na Wanlin , Xu Hongxuan , Jiang Zhongyong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Lupus nephritis (LN) has a high incidence in Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, but there is a lack of sensitive predictive markers and mechanisms. The purpose of the study is to reveal the association between the CD4+CD8+ double positive T lymphocytes (DPT) and lupus nephritis (LN), and to investigate the immune mechanism of LN. Methods: The study is composed of 395 samples from the General Hospital of Western Theater Command. Collected patients include SLE, lupus nephritis (LN), nephritic syndrome (NS) and nephritis patients. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were performed by the Flow cytometry method. Biochemical measurements were performed in accordance with the recommendations proposed by national center for clinical laboratories.Results: The proportions of DPT cells in LN group were significantly higher than in SLE group (t=4.012, p<0.001), NS group (t=3.240, p=0.001) and nephritis group (t=2.57, p=0.011). In LN group, the risk of kidney damage increased significantly in the DPT cell proportion dependent manner. In cases of high DPT cells proportion, the risk of LN was 5.136 times higher than when the proportion DPT cell was within the normal range. Moreover, hypertriglyceridemia and hyperuricemia were also independent risk factors.Conclusion: The proportion of DPT cells was a potential marker to evaluate LN susceptibility. When assessing the risk of kidney damage during SLE with DPT cell proportion, we can effectively exclude the interference of NS and nephritis.
How Does Dialect Ability Affect Migrant Children’s Mental Health in China?—Evidence From The China Education Panel Survey
Authors: Ding Bairen , Wang Yijie , Bai Yang , Zhao Xiaomin , Huang Shizhi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Mental health is a prominent problem faced by migrant children in China and has a profound impact on their academic and social development. Different from previous studies that emphasize the positive and negative effects of the external system, this paper, considering internal aspects of the migrant children themselves, regards language as an important capital and skill and empirically examines the relationship between dialect ability acquired by migrant children in the area of immigration and their mental health. Methods: Data are from the China Education Panel Survey of 2015. One-way ANOVA and multiple linear regression are used to investigate the influence of dialect ability on migrant children's mental health. Mediating effect analysis is used to examine the role of school integration between dialect ability and migrant children’s mental health.Results: Dialect ability is an effective protective factor for migrant children’s mental health. The more proficient they are in local dialects, the higher their mental health level. School is the center of the interaction between migrant children and the place of immigration and the main space in which they use the local dialect. Mediating effect analysis shows that, in this field, migrant children with good dialect ability can achieve social integration by expanding their school communication, enhancing their school identity and winning peer acceptance to maintain and improve their mental health. Conclusions: This shows that migrant children’s mastery of local dialects is conducive to their psychological development, and school integration acts as an important bridge between local dialect and migrant children's mental health, which reveals the importance of advocating language diversity and cultural integration.
HiPSC-Derived NSCs Effectively Promote The Functional Recovery of Acute Spinal Cord Injury in Mice
Authors: Kong Desheng , Feng Baofeng , Amponsah Asiamah Ernest , He Jingjing , Guo Ruiyun , Liu Boxin , Du Xiaofeng , Liu Xin , Zhang Shuhan , Lv Fei , Ma Jun , Cui Huixian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common disease that results in motor and sensory disorders and even lifelong paralysis. The transplantation of stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), or subsequently generated stem/progenitor cells, is predicted to be a promising treatment for SCI. In this study, we aimed to investigate effect of human iPSC-derived neural stem cells (hiPSC-NSCs) and umbilical cord-derived MSCs (huMSCs) in a mouse model of acute SCI. Methods: Acute SCI mice model were established and were randomly treated as PBS (control group), repaired with 1×105 hiPSC-NSCs (NSC group), and 1×105 huMSCs (MSC group), respectively, in a total of 54 mice (n = 18 each). Hind limb motor function was evaluated in open-field tests using the Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) at days post-operation (dpo) 1, 3, 5 and 7 after spinal cord injury, and weekly thereafter. Spinal cord and serum samples were harvested at dpo 7, 14 and 21. HE staining and Masson staining were used to evaluate the morphological changes and fibrosis area. The differentiation of the transplanted cells in vivo was evaluated with immunohistochemical staining. Results: The hiPSC-NSC-treated group presented a significantly smaller GFAP+ area than MSC-treated mice at all time points. Additionally, MSC-transplanted mice had a similar GFAP+ area to mice receiving PBS. At dpo14, the immunostained hiPSC-NSCs were positive for SOX2. Furthermore, the transplanted hiPSC-NSCs differentiated into glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes and beta-III tubulin-positive neurons, whereas the transplanted huMSCs differentiated into GFAP-positive astrocytes. In addition, hiPSC-NSC transplantation reduced fibrosis formation and the inflammation level. Compared with the control or huMSC transplanted group, the group with transplantation of hiPSC-NSCs exhibited significantly improved behaviours, particularly limb coordination. Conclusions: HiPSC-NSCs promote functional recovery in mice with acute SCI by replacing missing neurons and attenuating fibrosis, glial scar formation, and inflammation.
WITHDRAWN: MiR-34a Protects Mesenchymal Stem Cells From Hyperglycaemic Injury Through The Activation of The Sirt1/FoxO3a Autophagy Pathway
Authors: Zhang Fengyun , Gao Fei , Wang Kun , Liu Xiaohong , Zhang Zhuoqi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

BackgroundAutologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are favourable treatments for ischaemic diseases; however, MSCs from diabetic patients are not useful for this purpose. Recent studies have shown that the expression of miR-34a is significantly increased in patients with hyperglycaemia, the precise role of miR-34a in MSCs in diabetes need to be clarified.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to determine the precise role of miR-34a in MSCs exposed to hyperglycaemia and in healing the heart after myocardial infarction in diabetes mellitus (DM) rats.MethodsDM rats were established by STZ injection. MSCs were isolated from the bone marrow of donor rats. Chronic culture of MSCs under high glucose was used to mimic the DM microenvironment. The role of miR-34a in regulating cell viability, senescence and paracrine effects were investigated using a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining, and VEGF and bFGF ELISA, respectively. The expression of autophagy- and senescence-associated proteins in MSCs and silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and forkhead box class O 3a (FOXO3a) were analysed by western blotting. Autophagic bodies were analysed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The MI model was established by left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation, and then the mice were transplanted with differentially treated MSCs intramuscularly at sites around the border zone of the infarcted heart. Thereafter, cardiac function in mice in each group was detected via cardiac ultrasonography at 1 week and 3 weeks after surgery. The infarct size was determined through a 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining assay, while myocardial fibrosis was assessed by Masson staining.ResultsThe results of the current study showed that miR-34a was significantly upregulated under chronic hyperglycaemia exposure. Overexpression of miR-34a was significantly associated with impaired cell viability, exacerbated senescence and disrupted cell paracrine capacity. Moreover, we found that the mechanism underlying miR-34a-mediated deterioration of MSCs exposed to high glucose involves the activation of the Sirt1/Foxo3a autophagy pathway. Further analysis showed that miR-34a inhibitor-treated MSC transplantation could improve cardiac function and decrease the scar area in DM rats.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates for the first time that miR-34a mediates the deterioration of MSC functions under hyperglycaemia. The underlying mechanism may involve the Sirt1/Foxo3a autophagy signalling pathway. Thus, inhibition of miR-34a might have important therapeutic implications in MSC-based therapies for myocardial infarction in DM patients.
COVID-19 ocular findings in paediatric population
Authors: Alcalde Celia Fernandez , Fernandez Maria Granados , Moreno María Nieves , Martin Susana Noval 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose To investigate and describe ocular findings in COVID-19 paediatric patients. Methods A total of 17 COVID-19 patients aged between 0 and 17 years old were recruited at the Paediatric Hospital of La Paz University Hospital (Madrid, Spain). A complete ophthalmological examination was performed in all patients. Results Of 17 patients, 50% had a known COVID-19 previous exposure. PCR from nasopharyngeal swabs was positive in 35.29%, whereas IgM and/or IgG serology tests were positive in 81%. Clinical manifestations were: 6 COVID-19associated Paediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome (PIMS), 7 pneumonias and 2 cutaneous purpura and/or chilblains. Ocular findings were ocular hyperaemia (5 patients), as bilateral acute conjunctivitis (3 patients) or unilateral episcleritis (2 patients). Mean best corrected visual acuity was 1/1 in all tested cases. Only one patient, presenting unilateral optic neuritis, had visual symptoms as unilateral inferior temporal quadrantanopsy. Retinal involvement was found in one patient, where ocular fundus exam showed unilateral retinal vasculitis. Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 infection could produce ocular pathology in children, frequently presented weeks after the acute phase of the disease. We should take into account COVID-19 when performing differential diagnosis of children presenting with conjunctivitis, episcleritis, retinal vasculitis and/or optic neuritis, meanwhile this world-wide pandemic lasts.
Pod Pepper Vein Yellows Virus, a New Recombinant Polerovirus Infecting Pod Pepper in Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Zhao Kuangjie , Yin Yueyan , Hua Mengying , Wang Shaoxiang , Mo Xiaohan , Yuan Enping , Zheng Hongying , Lin Lin , Chen Hairu , Lu Yuwen , Chen Jianping , Peng Jiejun , Yan Fei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Pepper vein yellows viruses (PeVYV) are phloem-restricted viruses in the genus Polerovirus, family Luteoviridae. Typical viral symptoms of PeVYV including interveinal yellowing of leaves and upward leaf curling were observed in pod pepper plants (Capsicum frutescens) growing in Wenshan city, Yunnan province, China. The complete genome sequence of a virus from a sample of these plants was determined by next-generation sequencing and RT-PCR. Pod pepper vein yellows virus (PoPeVYV) (MT188667) has a genome of 6015 nucleotides, and the characteristic genome organization of a member of the genus Polerovirus. In the 5’ half of its genome (encoding P0 to P4), PoPeVYV is most similar (94% nt identity) to PeVYV-3 (Pepper vein yellows virus 3) (KP326573) but diverges greatly in the 3’-part encoding P5, where it is most similar (88.8% nt identity) to tobacco vein distorting virus (TVDV, EF529624) suggesting a recombinant origin. Recombination analysis predicted a single recombination event at nucleotide positions 4126 to 5192 nt, with TVDV and PeVYV-3 as the minor and major parents, respectively. A full-length clone of PoPeVYV was constructed and shown to be infectious in C. frutescens by RT-PCR and the presence of icosahedral viral particles.
Variations in Structural MRI Quality Significantly Impact Commonly-Used Measures of Brain Anatomy
Authors: Gilmore Alysha , Buser Nicholas , Hanson Jamie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Subject motion can introduce noise into neuroimaging data and result in biased estimations of brain structure. In-scanner motion can compromise data quality in a number of ways and varies widely across developmental and clinical populations. However, quantification of structural image quality is often limited to proxy and indirect measures gathered from functional scans; this may be missing true differences related to these potential artifacts. In this study, we take advantage of novel informatic tools, the CAT12 toolbox, to directly measure image quality from T1-weighted images to understand if these measures of image quality: 1) relate to rigorous quality-control checks visually completed by human raters; 2) are associated with sociodemographic variables of interest; 3) influence regional estimates of cortical thickness and subcortical volumes from the commonly-used Freesurfer tool suite. We leverage public-access data that includes a community-based sample of children and adolescents, spanning a large age-range ( n=388; ages 5-21 ). Interestingly, even after visually inspecting our data, we find image quality significantly impacts derived cortical thickness and subcortical volumes from multiple regions across the brain (~44% of the regions investigated). We believe these results our important for research groups completing structural MRI studies using Freesurfer or other morphometric tools. As such, future studies should consider using direct measures of image quality to minimize the influence of this potential confound in group comparisons or studies focused on individual differences.