bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An appraisal of the mother tongue for early child education in Nigeria
Authors: Adepoju Babatunji Hezekiah 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article provides an overview of the use of the mother tongue (MT) in child education in the Nigerian context. We explicate previous government efforts at focusing on the native language as a means of improving learning in the early years, particularly in training the Nigerian child. We also address the obstacles to government's attempts at de-emphasising the place of English in the Nigerian polity. Without doubt, the English language is regarded by the citizenry as the language of now and the future. The belief is that school-age children and their parents are more comfortable with English than any other language. The policy of the adoption of an indigenous language as the instruction medium in the lower primary school is at variance with parents' desire to make their children speak English as the first language (L1). Our recommendation is that uniformity of policy implementation will reduce conflicts as the schools of the rich/elites and non-fee-paying government schools are made to employ the same medium to instruct the pupils. The above claims are supported by preliminary findings from observations, data from the administered questionnaire and interviews conducted to determine people's attitude towards the use of English and/or indigenous languages in the education of the child. Following Krashen's theory of Second Language Acquisition (SLA), which highlights the significance of exposure to and interaction in the target language, we conclude that, if English language remains the medium of instruction in the classroom, Nigeria and other African nations with similar linguistic complexities will be saved from further confusion and inconsistencies in educational policies, even as the MT will still function in other aspects of national life.
O funcionamento familiar na saúde emocional e psicológica de crianças e adolescentes / Family functioning in the emotional and psychological health of children and adolescents
Authors: Milanez Cássia Medeiros , Córdova Zolnei Vargas Ernesta de , Castro Amanda , Fraga Cintia Costa 
Published: November 2019

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar como o funcionamento familiar interfere no desenvolvimento de crianças e adolescentes. Para tanto, a aplicabilidade desta pesquisa ocorreu por meio da Entrevista Familiar Estruturada, sendo este um método clínico capaz de avaliar as relações familiares, buscou-se realizar um diagnóstico interacional da família, discriminando assim uma interação familiar considerada facilitadora do desenvolvimento emocional e mental sadio de seus membros, como também da interação familiar considerada dificultadora de tal crescimento. A pesquisa em sua estrutura é qualitativa, tendo em vista que os procedimentos de coleta de dados se classificam na modalidade de estudo de caso. Os membros participantes do estudo foram a figura materna e paterna e a avó paterna com a presença de uma criança cujo gênero é masculino com idade de oito anos, que vem sendo acompanhada em uma instituição do poder público. A entrevista foi gravada, e posteriormente, transcrita para análise de dados tendo em vista o conteúdo a luz da teoria sistêmica.
Percepção das gestantes acerca do aleitamento materno exclusivo em uma Estratégia de Saúde da Família na cidade de Icó - Ceará / Perception of pregnant women about exclusive breastfeeding in a Family Health Strategy in the city of Icó – Ceará
Authors: De Sousa Francisco Milena Brasil , Brasil Matheus De Sousa , Brasil Michele De Souza , Braz Victoria Stephanie Brasil 
Published: November 2019

Este trabalho visa analisar os conhecimentos que as gestantes têm sobre o aleitamento materno exclusivo. Amamentar é uma pratica importante, que contribuir para a saúde do bebê durante os seis primeiros meses de vida, onde contém todos os nutrientes que são necessários para a nutrição da criança, além de atuar também, protegendo de algumas doenças que podem aparecer no decorrer de sua vida. Embora, os leites maternos atuem em benefícios tanto para mãe quando para o bebê, ainda existem, muitas mães que não realizam ou não seguem as normas do ministério da saúde, ocasionando negativamente vários impactos à saúde do bebê, incluindo a mortalidade infantil. O desmame precoce é também o problema constante é que afeta a maioria das crianças hoje no mundo inteiro, os fatores que incluem a dificuldade das mães amamentarem consiste: falta de apoio familiar, mistos e mercado de trabalho. A assistência das gestantes durante o pré-natal consiste uma pratica importante para sanar todas as dificuldades, referente a processo de amamentar, pois proporciona orientações importantes, que a mesma irá vivenciar durante todo o período gestacional, sensibilizando-as para que amamentarem seus filhos até seis meses de vida é importante.
Patologias associadas ao uso de Próteses Totais Removíveis: Revisão de literatura / Pathologies Associated with the use of Total Removable Prosthesis: Literature Review
Authors: Oliveira Iracildo Carvalho , Correia Josilane Nunes Melo , Pereira Daniela Porto Da Cunha , Cunha Miguel Arcanjo Porto da 
Published: November 2019

O uso de próteses provoca alterações na qualidade e na quantidade de placa bacteriana da cavidade oral e tais mudanças podem aumentar a predisposição do paciente a desenvolver processos inflamatórios na mucosa oral. Além disso, a prótese é suscetível ao alojamento da placa bacteriana, bem como ao acúmulo de restos de alimentos, portanto a falta de higienização ou a sua realização de forma inadequada é uma das causas de diversas patologias que podem acometer o paciente. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre os fatores relacionados ao desenvolvimento de patologias associadas ao uso de próteses totais removíveis e discutir sobre os principais estudos que relacionam essas patologias com o uso de próteses. Material e métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura e para a sua realização foi utilizado como local de pesquisa o banco de dados do portal PUBMED (National Libary of Medicine - USA) e do Google acadêmico, além de publicações de livros. Como critério de inclusão foram analisados materiais que abordavam o tema, com ano de publicação compreendido entre 2009 e 2019, em língua inglesa e portuguesa, sendo excluídos os anteriores a esta data, as monografias, dissertações e teses. Conclusões: Vários estudos comprovam a relação entre o uso de prótese dentária e a ocorrência de lesões na mucosa oral, associadas, principalmente, às próteses mal ajustadas e à higienização inadequada. Assim, é de suma importância que o cirurgião-dentista execute corretamente a confecção da prótese, além de instruir seus pacientes quanto à sua higienização oral.
O Impacto da Diabetes na Fertilidade / The Impact of Diabetes on Fertility
Authors: Vilela Sérgio Raimundo Júnior , Silva Roberto Gonçalves da , Santos Thalita Grazielly , Pádua Karina Maciel , Bernardes Nicole Blanco , Silva Alessandra Bonacini Cheraim 
Published: November 2019

O presente trabalho aborda o impacto da diabetes na fertilidade, uma doença multifatorial que acomete muitas pessoas no mundo. O Diabetes mellitus acomete ambos os sexos e tem sido apontado como um fator influenciador da infertilidade. A infertilidade é definida como a incapacidade de um casal sexualmente ativo, de durante um ano não obter uma gravidez, um problema que pode trazer sérias consequências psicológicas e de convívio social na vida da pessoa. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo, transversal e quantitativa, com 11 pacientes de ambos os sexos, atendidos no PSF/ESF Penha II. O instrumento utilizado foi um questionário sobre a diabetes e a influência na vida sexual dos sujeitos e, consequentemente a sua fertilidade. Os resultados levaram a crer que a diabetes mellitus parece associada à infertilidade tanto em homens quanto em mulheres. Também que, a neuropatia diabética, a insuficiência vascular e síndrome do ovário policístico e problemas psicológicos podem estar envolvidos nos problemas de infertilidade. Os homens da amostra apresentaram disfunção erétil provocada pela diabetes e tiveram dificuldades em engravidar suas parceiras, além da falta do desejo da prática sexual. Mulheres também apresentaram dificuldades em engravidar e falta do desejo sexual. Concluiu-se que orientações sobre possível tratamento a fim de amenizar o problema e o controle da glicemia, assim como mudanças na dieta, exercícios físicos regulares, abandono do tabagismo e o estímulo a perda de peso poderiam ajudar neste contexto.
Spanish L1 EFL learners’ recognition knowledge of English academic vocabulary: The role of cognateness, word frequency and length
Authors: Urdaniz Raquel Perez , Skoufaki Sophia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Academic vocabulary knowledge predicts students’ academic achievement across educational levels. English academic vocabulary knowledge is especially valuable because English is used in academia worldwide. Therefore, examining the factors that can predict English academic vocabulary knowledge can inform pedagogy, thus indirectly boosting students’ chances of academic success around the world. This study examines the extent to which cognateness, word frequency and length predict the ability of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners who have Spanish as their first language (L1) to recognise written English academic words. 38 Spanish L1 university students’ recognition knowledge of English cognates was measured via a Yes/No test containing words sampled from the most frequent 1,000 lemmas of the Academic Vocabulary List (Gardner and Davies 2014). 34 participants’ data were retained in the final analysis, a multiple regression with item facility (IF) as the outcome variable and word frequency, cognateness and word length as predictors. Most of the IF variance is explained by word frequency, followed by cognateness and finally a frequency by cognateness interaction whereby word frequency is more predictive of IF for non-cognates than cognates. These findings indicate that academic cognate-word awareness raising activities can be worthwhile. Implications for research and pedagogy are discussed.
Notes on quasi-Frobenius rings
Authors: Zhu Zhanmin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We give some new characterizations of quasi-Frobenius rings. Namely, we prove that for a ring R, the following statements are equivalent:
(1) R is a quasi-Frobenius ring,
(2)

M
2

⁢

(
R
)

{M_{2}(R)}

is right Johns and every closed left ideal of R is cyclic,
(3) R is a left 2-simple injective left Kasch ring with ACC on left annihilators,
(4) R is a left 2-injective semilocal ring such that

R
/

S
l

{R/S_{l}}

is left Goldie,
(5) R is a right YJ-injective right minannihilator ring with ACC on right annihilators.
Bayesian Autoregressive Frailty Models for Inference in Recurrent Events
Authors: Tallarita Marta , De Iorio Maria , Guglielmi Alessandra , Malone-Lee James 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We propose autoregressive Bayesian semi-parametric models for gap times between recurrent events. The aim is two-fold: inference on the effect of possibly time-varying covariates on the gap times and clustering of individuals based on the time trajectory of the recurrent event. Time-dependency between gap times is taken into account through the specification of an autoregressive component for the frailty parameters influencing the response at different times. The order of the autoregression may be assumed unknown and is an object of inference. We consider two alternative approaches to perform model selection under this scenario. Covariates may be easily included in the regression framework and censoring and missing data are easily accounted for. As the proposed methodologies lie within the class of Dirichlet process mixtures, posterior inference can be performed through efficient MCMC algorithms. We illustrate the approach through simulations and medical applications involving recurrent hospitalizations of cancer patients and successive urinary tract infections.
Cytoprotective effects of the aqueous extract of theZiziphus jujubafruit on TBHP-induced damage on human fibroblast cells
Authors: Arab Mina , Khorashadizadeh Mohsen , Abotorabi Zahra , Zarban Asghar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundOxidative stress plays a major role in the development of various human diseases. However, many antioxidant compounds can neutralize the excess of free radicals, protect the cells against their toxic effects and help prevent or treat a disease. This study investigated the cytoprotective effects of the aqueous extract of theZiziphus jujubafruit on the tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)-induced damage on human fibroblast cells.MethodsHuman fibroblast cells were pretreated with different concentrations (1, 2, 4, 8 mg/mL) ofZ. jujubafor 24 h and exposed to 75 μM TBHP for another 24 h. Cell viability was determined by the MTT assay. The antioxidant activity was determined using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods, and the intracellular antioxidant activity was evaluated with the Cellular antioxidant activity assay.ResultsOur data showed that treatment with TBHP reduced cell viability of human fibroblast cells, while pretreatment withZ. jujubaincreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. This indicated the cytoprotective effects ofZ. jujuba. Pretreatment withZ. jujubaincreased the antioxidant capacity and scavenged the TBHP-produced peroxyl radicals in the human fibroblast cell medium. Moreover,Z. jujubaincreased the intracellular antioxidant activity of human fibroblast cells.ConclusionsThese results demonstrated that the aqueous extract of theZ. jujubafruit can prevent TBHP-induced cellular toxicity by enhancing the antioxidant activity in cells and their medium. So,Z. jujubahas a therapeutic potential to attenuate oxidative stress-induced diseases.
Policy Neglect:The True Challenge to the Nonprofit Sector
Authors: Anheier Helmut K. , Toepler Stefan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe relationship between many governments and the nonprofit sector as well as organized civil society more generally has become more complex, laden with often hidden tensions. In some cases, state–nonprofit sector relationships have deteriorated, which has led experts and activists to speak of a “shrinking space” for civil society. However, this diagnosis applies mostly to illiberal and autocratic countries. More widespread is a stagnation in state — nonprofit sector relations that seems indicative of a longstanding policy neglect, which we see as the true challenge to the future of the nonprofit sector. In response, we argue for more proactive policy stances along with a differentiated model for regulatory frameworks on the basis of functional roles.
Una nuova categoria documentaria nella Toscana marchionale: la donazione in forma di mandato
Authors: Tomei Paolo 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
Der Artikel untersucht und kontextualisiert zwei von den Historikern wenig beachtete Quellen. Es handelt sich um zwei undatierte und gesiegelte Schenkungsurkunden, die im Namen von zwei der bekanntesten Markgrafen im Tuszien des 10. Jahrhunderts, Adalbert II., genannt der Reiche, und Hugo II., genannt der Große, ausgestellt wurden. Einerseits weisen sie besondere grafische und textliche Merkmale auf, die in der Vergangenheit Zweifel an ihrer Authentizität haben aufkommen lassen. Andererseits befinden sie sich in kirchlichen Archiven, d. h. in den Kapitelarchiven von Lucca und Volterra, deren Zugänglichkeit im letzten Jahrhundert nicht immer gewährleistet war. Eine erneute gründliche, vergleichende Analyse der beiden Urkunden bestätigt nicht nur ihre Echtheit, sondern erlaubt auch, einen neuen Urkundentyp zu definieren und das Umfeld zu beschreiben, in dem sie entstanden sind. Ihre Form ergibt sich aus ihrer Funktion, die sie innerhalb der politisch-institutionellen Verfassungsform der damaligen Toskana, d. h. der Markgrafschaft, innehatten. Tatsächlich bieten die beiden Quellen sowohl in grafischer und textlicher als auch in inhaltlicher Hinsicht wichtige Anhaltspunkte, um die dortigen Machtstrukturen zu rekonstruieren und die Triebkräfte einer frühmittelalterlichen Hofgesellschaft herauszuarbeiten, die vom öffentlichen Verteilungskampf um Macht und Prestige unwiderstehlich angezogen wurde.
L’Accademie de Filles de qualité di Luise von Hohenzollern-Hechingen
Authors: Palumbo Margherita 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
Luise von Hohenzollern-Hechingen übermittelte Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz 1704 einen Plan zur Gründung einer interkonfessionellen Akademie in Deutschland, die sich der Erziehung junger Mädchen katholischer, lutherischer und kalvinistischer Konfession widmen sollte. Sowohl das Dokument als auch Leibnizʼ Antwort an die Fürstin sind im Leibniz-Nachlass der Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Bibliothek in Hannover nicht mehr erhalten. Im vatikanischen Geheimarchiv findet sich eine Fassung, die Luise vorab an Clemens XI. gesandt hatte; daraus geht ihre eigentliche Absicht hervor, die darin bestand, die „Häretikerinnen“ zum Katholizismus zu bekehren. Diese Initiative war alles andere als bedeutungslos, auch wenn die Kurie ihr ablehnend gegenüberstand. Der Plan gelangte nämlich durch Vermittlung des Lutheraners Anton Ulrich, Herzog von Wolfenbüttel, nach Rom und trug nicht wenig zu den 1709 schließlich erfolgreichen Versuchen bei, den Herzog zu bekehren. Im Anhang finden sich das von Luise übermittelte „Project“ sowie die von der Kurie und dem Kölner Nuntius geführte Korrespondenz.
Le strade che portano a Roma. Ebrei stranieri nella capitale, 1933–1945
Authors: Stefanori Matteo 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ausgehend von der Liste ausländischer Jüdinnen und Juden, die 1938 von der römischen Polizeidirektion erstellt wurde, zielt der Beitrag darauf, die Geschichte der mehrere Hundert Personen umfassenden Gruppe von Ausländern jüdischer Abstammung, die sich zwischen 1933 und 1945 zeitweilig in der italienischen Hauptstadt aufhielten bzw. hier lebten, zu rekonstruieren. Nach Hitlers Machtergreifung verließen viele Jüdinnen und Juden Deutschland, um der Gewalt und Verfolgung durch das Regime zu entgehen. Mit der Ausdehnung des nationalsozialistischen Machtbereichs auf weite Teile Europas floss auch eine wachsende Zahl aus Österreich, Polen und den osteuropäischen Regionen nach Italien und Rom. Mit Kriegseintritt begann schließlich eine neue Phase, schritt man doch zur Verhaftung und Internierung der als Feinde eingestuften ausländischen Juden, die sich auf italienischem Territorium befanden. Nach einem Überblick über die Entwicklung der Ausländerpolitik des faschistischen Regimes und über die antijüdischen Gesetze von 1938 wird diese Gruppe typologisch beschrieben (Wohnlage und -situation, Arbeitstätigkeit, soziale Zugehörigkeit), wobei auch einige persönliche Lebenswege näher beleuchtet werden. Letztendlich geht es darum, über den von Klaus Voigt geprägten Begriff der „Zuflucht auf Widerruf“ erneut nachzudenken und zu überlegen, warum viele jüdische Flüchtlinge gerade Rom wählten, um der Verfolgung durch die Nationalsozialisten zu entgehen.
Fault Location in Distribution Network Based on Phasor Measurement Units (PMU)
Authors: Dashtdar Majid , Dashtdar Masoud 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNowadays, phasor measurement units have many applications in the power network. Fault location using the network’s impedance matrix and phasor measurement units (PMU) is a subject that has been recently brought to the location light. In this research, we review the effect of the increased number of PMUs on the precision of the fault location. The method presented in this study uses the impedance transferring between these units and the fault location based on the fault distance. In the suggested method, the uncertainty on the network’s parameters has been considered and using the least-squares of faults, we can obtain the most optimal response. The advantage of this method is that it is not affected by the fault type and resistance of the short connection. In the end, the suggested method is implemented on the 14 bus distribution network and its performance has been evaluated.
Influence of the alkali cation size on the Cu2+ coordination environments in (AX)[Cu(HSeO3)2] (A=Na, K, NH4, Rb, Cs; X=Cl, Br) layered copper hydrogen selenite halides
Authors: Charkin Dmitri O. , Markovski Mishel R. , Siidra Oleg I. , Nekrasova Diana O. , Grishayev Vasili Yu. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Using solution evaporation techniques, we succeeded in preparation of new members essentially extending the layered copper hydrogen selenite family, (AX)[Cu(HSeO3)2] with A = Na, K, Rb, Cs, and NH4, and X = Cl and Br. Bromides and chlorides are isostructural in the family of described new compounds crystallizing in three different structure types. (NaX)[Cu(HSeO3)2] and (KX)[Cu(HSeO3)2] (X = Cl, Br) are monoclinic, whereas (AX)[Cu(HSeO3)2] (A = NH4, Rb, Cs; X = Cl, Br) are orthorhombic. Upon the enlargement of the A
+ ionic radii inserted in the interlayer between the neighboring [Cu(HSeO3)2] slabs, the effective distance is increasing and results in essential elongation of the apical Cu-X (X = Cl, Br) distances. Three different types of CuO4
X
n (n = 0–2) polyhedra are formed. The observed trend is an interesting example of the chemical tuning of the Cu2+ coordination environments.
THE ROLE OF EMPATHY IN ENGLISH TEACHING
Authors: Pererva Katherine 
Published: November 2019

The aim of this study is to identify the role of empathy in learning process and to make students get involved in it and obtain fruitful outcomes in this direction. The qualitative method was used in this study to find out due data for explaining the positive effects of empathy for better learning. This study emphasizes the importance of empathy and its influence for making the English learning process fruitful through comparing the explanations and views of different researches. This paper describes some of the key findings from profound studies of this matter, which examined the role of empathy in teacher–student relationships and its relevance to moral modelling. The project collected data through interviews and classroom observations and used grounded methodology theory for the analysis. The literature considers the latest research in neuroscience and the significance of emotions in moral decision making alongside older psychological research on affect and empathy in learning. Empathy has long been an intrinsic part of the education system, if schools are involved in intellectual development, they are inherently involved in emotional development. The results explain that the teachers should approach the students like mother and father while teaching. Thus, this approach will make students learn easily and also make the students motivation high and better towards learning.
KONSTRUAL DIRI (SELF CONSTRUAL) REMAJA YANG MENGALAMI KEMATIAN ORANG TUA
Authors: Ramadhan Rio Febri , Ardias Widia Sri 
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini mengungkap gambaran Konstrual Diri (Self Contrual) Remaja Yang Mengalami Kematian Orang Tua. Teori Self Contrual terdiri dari dua jenis-jenis yakni independent dan interdependent (Priza, 2005). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan mengumpulkan data melalui observasi dan wawancara. Adapun data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik analisis data, koding, dan tahap Interprestasi. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa tiga orang subjek yang peneliti wawancarai memiliki gambaran Self Contrual yang jauh berbeda. Subjek I dan III memiliki gambaran Self Contrual yang interdependent, namun subjek II memiliki gambaran Self Contrual yang independent. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara peneliti sarankan kepada subjek untuk lebih mendekatkan diri kepada Allah SWT dan mengambil hikmah dari perisstiwa ini terjadi. Dukungan sosial terutama dari masyarakat sangat dibutuhkan sehingga Subjek mampu bersosialisasi dengan baik meski kondisi mereka tidak seideal anak-anak seusia mereka.