bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing pain in seriously ill patients with substance use disorders
Authors: Mazanec Polly , Paice Judy , Campbell Grace , Ginex Pamela K. , Harris Melodee , Matzo Marianne 
Published: December 2020

Abstract:
Managing pain can be challenging, especially in patients with serious illnesses and a history of substance use disorders. This article discusses the challenges of addressing pain in these patients and offers perspectives regarding their clinical management.
Nursing perspectives from an Italian ICU
Authors: Imbriaco Guglielmo , Monesi Alessandro , Ferrari Patrizia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract:
In Europe, the novel coronavirus outbreak started in the northern regions of Italy at the end of February 2020. Initially, resources were insufficient to deal with the abrupt influx of critically ill patients requiring respiratory support. This article recounts the authors' experiences caring for patients with COVID-19 in an Italian ICU during this period in order to help colleagues in the international critical care nursing community successfully manage similar circumstances in the ongoing pandemic.
Adalimumab Concentration Changes After Dose Escalation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Jasurda Jake S. , McCabe Robert P. , Vaughn Byron P. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Dose escalation of adalimumab (ADA) for loss or response in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common practice. Recent data suggest improved outcomes with an ADA concentration of 12 mcg/mL, but limited data are available on the ability to achieve a target concentration. The aim of this study was to determine the expected change in serum ADA concentration after a dose escalation performed every 7 days in patients with IBD.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort of patients with IBD receiving ADA was divided into every fourteen-day dosing, every 7-day dosing, and dose escalation (ie, q14 to q7 day dosing). The primary outcome was the change in ADA concentration. Multiple logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of achieving a target ADA concentration of ≥12 mcg/mL.

Results:
Overall, 380 patients were identified, of whom 200 underwent dose escalation, 100 remained on q14 days dosing, and 80 were maintained on q7 day dosing. After dose escalation, the mean ADA concentration increased by 5.5 mcg/mL (P < 0.0001). After dose escalation, a significant proportion of patients achieved an ADA concentration ≥12 mcg/mL (P = 0.0019), as well as clinical remission (P = 0.0053). Based on multiple logistic regression, age of <46 years [odds ratio (OR): 2.4; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3, 4.6; P < 0.01], body mass index of <29 (OR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.1, 0.5; P < 0.0001), and initial ADA concentration of ≥3.0 mcg/mL were found to be associated with a target ADA concentration ≥12 mcg/mL (OR: 4.76; 95% CI: 2.3, 9.7; P < 0.0001).

Conclusions:
The average expected increase in serum ADA concentration after dose escalation from q14 to q7 days was 5.5 mcg/mL. The initial ADA concentration, age, and body mass index may influence the ability to achieve a target ADA concentration after dose escalation.
Noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation and morphine transiently inhibit trigeminal pain signaling in a chronic headache model
Authors: Cornelison Lauren E. , Hawkins Jordan L. , Woodman Sara E. , Durham Paul L. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Chronic headache conditions are characterized by persistent sensitization of the trigeminal system, which involves dysfunction of descending pain modulation. We previously reported that noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) inhibits trigeminal nociception in models of episodic migraine through a mechanism involving enhanced serotonergic and GABAergic descending pain signaling.

Objectives:
The analgesic effectiveness of nVNS and morphine were investigated in an animal model of chronic headache mediated by the combination of the 3 migraine risk factors of neck muscle tension, paradoxical sleep deprivation, and pungent odors.

Methods:
Sprague–Dawley rats were injected with complete Freund's adjuvant in the trapezius and sleep deprived for 1 night to promote trigeminal sensitization. After 7 days, animals were exposed to a pungent odor, and mechanical nocifensive head withdrawal responses were determined using von Frey filaments. Beginning on day 3 after odor exposure, animals were treated daily with either nVNS or morphine for 7 days.

Results:
Exposure of animals sensitized by neck inflammation and sleep deprivation to a pungent odor resulted in a prolonged state of trigeminal nociception. Daily administration of nVNS or morphine significantly repressed the nocifensive response; however, cessation resulted in a return to heightened pretreatment nocifensive levels.

Conclusions:
The combination of reported migraine risk factors promotes a state of sustained trigeminal hypersensitivity characteristic of chronic headache. Daily nVNS was similarly effective as morphine in inhibiting nociception and may represent a safer, opioid-sparing therapeutic option for other chronic pain disorders involving sensitization of the trigeminal system by promoting descending pain modulation.
On the influence of magnetic topology on the propagation of internal gravity waves in the solar atmosphere
Authors: Vigeesh G. , Roth M. , Steiner O. , Fleck B. 
Published: December 2020

The solar surface is a continuous source of internal gravity waves (IGWs). IGWs are believed to supply the bulk of the wave energy for the lower solar atmosphere, but their existence and role for the energy balance of the upper layers is still unclear, largely due to the lack of knowledge about the influence of the Sun’s magnetic fields on their propagation. In this work, we look at naturally excited IGWs in realistic models of the solar atmosphere and study the effect of different magnetic field topographies on their propagation. We carry out radiation-magnetohydrodynamic simulations of a magnetic field free and two magnetic models—one with an initial, homogeneous, vertical field of 100 G magnetic flux density and one with an initial horizontal field of 100 G flux density. The propagation properties of IGWs are studied by examining the phase-difference and coherence spectra in thekh − ωdiagnostic diagram. We find that IGWs in the upper solar atmosphere show upward propagation in the model with predominantly horizontal field similar to the model without magnetic field. In contrast to that the model with predominantly vertical fields show downward propagation. This crucial difference in the propagation direction is also revealed in the difference in energy transported by waves for heights below 0.8 Mm. Higher up, the propagation properties show a peculiar behaviour, which require further study. Our analysis suggests that IGWs may play a significant role in the heating of the chromospheric layers of the internetwork region where horizontal fields are thought to be prevalent.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘High-resolution wave dynamics in the lower solar atmosphere’.
Proper orthogonal and dynamic mode decomposition of sunspot data
Authors: Albidah A. B. , Brevis W. , Fedun V. , Ballai I. , Jess D. B. , Stangalini M. , Higham J. , Verth G. 
Published: December 2020

High-resolution solar observations show the complex structure of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) wave motion. We apply the techniques of proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) to identify the dominant MHD wave modes in a sunspot using the intensity time series. The POD technique was used to find modes that are spatially orthogonal, whereas the DMD technique identifies temporal orthogonality. Here, we show that the combined POD and DMD approaches can successfully identify both sausage and kink modes in a sunspot umbra with an approximately circular cross-sectional shape.
This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘High-resolution wave dynamics in the lower solar atmosphere’.
Development of thiamine-rich snacks from brown rice using extrusion technology
Authors: Bhat Tashooq , Hussain Syed Zameer , Naseer Bazila , Hameed Rather Abdul , Ahmad Mir Shakeel 
Published: December 2020

PurposeSnack industry is one of the fastest growing food sectors globally, and people are nowadays conscious about intake of healthy snacks on regular basis. There is enormous variety of ready-to-snacks available in the market. Brown rice though highly nutritious in comparison to polished rice is consumed meagerly by masses. Each raw material/ingredient used in extrusion cooking requires specific control of processing variables to meet acceptable product characteristics and consumer demands, which in turn necessitates the need to optimize the conditions for development of brown-rice-based snacks. The aim of this study was to optimize the extrusion cooking conditions for development of brown-rice-based extrudates.Design/methodology/approachExtrusion conditions were optimized through design expert using central composite rotatable design (CCRD) experimental design. The effect of feed moisture (10–22%), screw speed (215–385 rpm) and barrel temperature (95–160 °C) on specific mechanical energy (SME), bulk density (BD), water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), expansion ratio (ER), breaking strength (BS) and instrumental color (L*, a*, b*) was evaluated.FindingsAll the system and product responses were significantly (p < 0.01) affected by independent variables. Regression models obtained were highly significant with high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.992). The optimum extrusion conditions obtained by numerical optimization for development of snacks were moisture content of 12%, screw speed of 350 rpm and temperature of 133 °C. The vitamin B1 content of brown-rice-based snacks was 0.45 mg/100 (50% of RDA) whereas no vitamin B1 was detected in white-rice-based snacks used as control.Practical implicationsThe developed snacks contain 0.45 mg/100 g of vitamin B1. If a person on an average consumes 150 g of snacks in a day, 50% of RDA (1.2 mg/day) for vitamin B1 can be sufficed. Therefore, developed snacks can prove to be a viable vehicle to reduce the vitamin B1 deficiency burden among the target population. Large-scale production and consumption of such type of snacks could improve the nutritional status of vitamin B1 deficient people. Furthermore, it can also provide a good opportunity for snack industry to develop nutritious snacks through utilization of brown rice.Originality/valueBrown rice flour contains nutrients such as iron, calcium, zinc, sodium and vitamin B1 in appreciable portions and was thus explored for development of nutritious snacks. Moreover, developed snacks recorded an overall acceptability of 4.70 out of 5, which depicts it is acceptable for mass production and consumption.
Physical stability, rheology and microstructure of salad dressing containing essential oils: study of incorporating nanoemulsions
Authors: Ribes Susana , Fuentes Ana , Barat Jose Manuel 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis study aims to evaluate the effect of adding oregano and clove oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions on the physico-chemical, technological and microstructural properties of minimally processed salad dressings during storage at 8 °C and 25 °C.Design/methodology/approachSamples were formulated with either free or encapsulated oregano and clove essential oils in O/W nanoemulsions.FindingsNoticeable differences in the physical stability and microstructure of salad dressings were observed after 11 storage days and were less marked for the samples formulated with encapsulated oregano or clove oils in the O/W nananoemulsions. Moreover, rheological measurements revealed minor changes in the viscoelastic characteristics of the salad dressings containing the O/W nanoemulsions.Originality/valueThese findings confirm the potential of oregano and clove O/W nanoemulsions for use in minimally processed salad dressings as stabilising and technological agents.
The Internet reshapes China's economic geography: micromechanisms and macro effects
Authors: Yang Chen , An Tongliang 
Published: December 2020

PurposeBy observing facts of the “reversal of agglomeration” of Chinese enterprises during the period of rapid Internet development and using a new economic geography model combined with the data of the real estate sector, this paper deduces the influence of the “reshaping mechanisms” of the Internet on China's economic geography based on the “gravitation mechanism” of the Internet that affects the enterprises and the “amplification mechanism” of the Internet that amplifies the dispersion force of house prices.Design/methodology/approachIn the empirical aspect, the dynamic spatial panel data model is used to test the micromechanisms of the impact of the Internet on enterprises' choice of location and the instrumental variable method is used to verify the macro effects of the Internet in reshaping economic geography.FindingsIt is found that in the era of the network economy, the Internet has become a source of regional competitive advantage and is extremely attractive to enterprises. The rapidly rising house price has greatly increased the congestion cost and has become the force behind the dispersion of enterprises. China's infrastructure miracle has closed the access gap which gives full play to network externalities and promotes the movement of enterprises from areas with high house prices to areas with low house prices.Originality/valueThe Internet is amplifying the dispersion force of congestion costs manifested as house prices and is reshaping China's economic geography. This paper further proposes policy suggestions such as taking the Internet economy as the new momentum of China's economic development and implementing the strategy of regional coordinated development.
Implementing a Lean Six Sigma standardized toolset in a manufacturing company: a case study
Authors: Panayiotou Nikolaos A. , Stergiou Konstantinos E. , Chronopoulos Vassilis 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe first purpose of this paper is the implementation of Lean Six Sigma (LSS) in a manufacturing company operating in South East Europe in order to understand the importance of critical success factors (CSFs) in LSS adoption and to find out the benefits that the company gained. The second purpose is to propose a standardized toolset based on DMAIC phases, for the application of LSS in small scale projects, in order to facilitate LSS adoption by more manufacturing companies.Design/methodology/approachThis case study is based on the interlacement of the Yin's method about case studies and the DMAIC method for the improved deployment of LSS.FindingsThe analysis of this case study shows that the company attained to benefit financially, operationally and organizationally from the implementation of LSS. The already existing mentality of CI inside the company helped the project procedure and the application of changes and improvements fulfilling LSS adoption CSFs.Practical implicationsThe paper constructs a toolset and studies the role of CSFs in order to achieve the desirable benefits in a manufacturing environment, constituting a guide for future LSS initiatives.Originality/valueAs stated by literature reviews, even though there are several papers concerning LSS implementation in the manufacturing sector, there is a need for more case studies papers, such as this one, in order to enrich the literature. In this paper, it is also the first time that a specific toolset for small scale projects is proposed based on to DMAIC which can be implemented in further LSS projects.
Academic libraries in COVID-19: a renewed mission for digital literacy
Authors: Martzoukou Konstantina 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic has placed online learning, blended or hybrid provision as the “new normal” in Higher Education. For most universities and their academic libraries, especially those with a less strong online presence, the pandemic has caused numerous challenges. However, it has also been a catalyst for change and resifting of priorities. For academic librarians involved in the delivery of information skills/literacy training, a renewed mission is emerging, addressing access and connectivity to resources, designing for online education and fostering the development of digital literacy of students.Design/methodology/approachThis is a conceptual paper based on the author's personal experiences and subjective opinion as a Library and Information Science educator with considerable expertise in online distance learning in the UK. Reflecting critically on the impact of the pandemic from an educational point of view and on key changes experienced, the paper centres on the argument that academic librarians could emerge as strategic partners in Higher Education, towards the direction of enhancing students' digital competences development.FindingsThe complete and involuntary shift to online learning due to COVID-19 restrictions has opened the door to multiple challenges in Higher Education, which are complex and ongoing: the implementation of remote tools and practices en masse in online teaching and learning in a way that ensures accessibility and equity for all, issues connecting to online pedagogy and how to prepare students with the information and digital literacy competences required for the new online learning “normal”. As academic libraries move forward, they have a renewed mission to help learners in the online space to become both information rich and digitally competent. There is an opportunity to act as the connecting link that will help to move a step forward a strategic vision that places design for equity at the centre of education.Originality/valueThe impact of COVID-19 within Higher Education and academic libraries more specifically, is a theme that has not been yet sufficiently discussed, researched or critically debated as the world is still currently going through the pandemic crisis. This paper aims to initiate some early thoughts and conversation, as well as put forward the author's personal critical positioning on the issues, challenges and potential opportunities, emerging in the current educational climate for academic librarians, and to highlight areas of importance for the design and direction of information and library science curricula.
Outward specific trust in the balancing of hierarchical government trust: Evidence from mainland China
Authors: Hu Anning 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study elaborates the link between social trust and government trust by investigating how the extent of outwardness in one's specific trusting relation, as coalescence of trust strength and radius, relates to the varying trust in governments of different administrative levels. Using survey data collected in China, a country featured by the hierarchical government trust and differential mode of interpersonal association, we show that, in both urban and rural areas, the outward orientation of interpersonal trust is positively associated with the trust in the subnational governments, while being independent from the confidence in the central government, suggesting a less hierarchical and more balanced attitude toward government trust. One's generalized trust fails to show such a pattern. This study illustrates a handy measure that combines trust radius and trust strength and highlights the relevance of specific trust for political attitudes in an authoritarian regime.
Clinicopathological features of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer presenting in the UK versus internationally: An observational cohort study
Authors: Sawant R. , Hey S.Y. , Hulse K. , Hay A. , Gibb F.W. , Adamson R. , Nixon I.J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionVery little data are available regarding differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) managed in the UK, and no UK patients are included in the evidence base upon which international guidelines are based. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the clinicopathological features of patients with DTC presenting in a UK population with international patient cohorts.Patients and methodsData were collected from a prospectively held multi‐disciplinary team records from January 2009 to December 2016. The local cohort was compared with cohorts from across the world based on clinicopathological features. Ethical approval was obtained by Lothian Caldicott Guardian (Ref 16 133).Results444 cases were diagnosed locally with a median age of 48 years (range 16‐86 years). 78% of patients were female. 25% of our patients had follicular carcinoma with an overall N1 rate of 20%. Distant disease was recorded in 5% cases. In comparison with international data, our local cohort had a higher rate of follicular thyroid carcinoma. Variation was seen in terms of age, gender distribution, primary tumour size, nodal and distant disease. In Korea, where thyroid cancer screening has been undertaken, smaller tumours, higher rates of nodal disease and lower rates of distant disease are described.ConclusionIn our centre, a higher rate of males is treated with larger primary disease and a higher percentage of follicular carcinoma. The reasons for this geographic variation in clinicopathological features in the UK are unclear. As a result, caution should be applied in translating the international move towards a more conservative approach to DTC in the UK in comparison with other areas of the world.
Ascites development is associated with worse outcome in patients after kidney transplantation
Authors: Leung Marcia , Humphrey Megan L. , Chen Ling‐Xin , Sarkar Souvik 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe provide detailed analysis and outcomes in patients post‐kidney transplant (KT) developing ascites, which has never been categorically reported.MethodsAscites was identified by ICD9/10 codes and detailed chart review in patients post‐KT from 01/2004‐06/2019. The incidence of patient death and graft loss were determined per 100‐person‐years, and the incidence rate ratio was obtained.ResultsOf 3329 patients receiving KT, 83 (2.5%) patients had new‐onset ascites, of whom 58% were male, 21% blacks, and 29% whites. Seventy‐five percentage were on hemodialysis. Patients were maintained primarily on tacrolimus and mycophenolate for immunosuppression. Only 14% of patients with ascites had the appropriate diagnostic workup. There was a trend toward an increased mortality in patients with ascites (incidence rate ratio, IRR [95% CI]: 1.8 [0.92, 3.19], p = .06), and a significantly higher incidence of graft loss (IRR: 5.62 [3.97, 7.76], p < .001), compared with non‐ascites patients. When classified by ascites severity, determined by imaging, moderate/severe ascites patients had the worst clinical outcomes, with a mortality of 32% and graft failure in 57%, compared with 9% and 10%, respectively, in those without ascites.ConclusionIn this large cohort employing stepwise analysis of ascites post‐KT, worse outcomes were noted, dictating the need for optimized management to improve clinical outcomes.
Authoritarian innovations in labor governance: The case of Cambodia
Authors: Ford Michele , Gillan Michael , Ward Kristy 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAuthoritarian states face a fundamental tension in managing labor conflict. Too much repression can be read as a violation of workers' human rights, but too little undermines their structures of control. In this article, we shift focus from the overt repression of workers and unions to consider how states manage labor dissent through governance reform. Using Cambodia as our case, we examine the government's use of a series of “authoritarian innovations” to reassert control over labor governance mechanisms once dominated by international actors. Through an analysis of the shifting terrain of reform in the areas of labor legislation, minimum wage‐setting, and disputes resolution, we show how institutional pacification has contained labor in ways that have served to defend state legitimacy and protect accumulation. We conclude by discussing the implications of these novel tactics—which signal the state is neither static nor predictable—for our understanding of labor governance under authoritarianism.