bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arrhythmic safety of hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 patients from different clinical settings
Authors: Gasperetti Alessio , Biffi Mauro , Duru Firat , Schiavone Marco , Ziacchi Matteo , Mitacchione Gianfranco , Lavalle Carlo , Saguner Ardan , Lanfranchi Antonio , Casalini Giacomo , Tocci Marco , Fabbricatore Davide , Salghetti Francesca , Mariani Marco Valerio , Busana Mattia , Bellia Alfonso , Cogliati Chiara Beatrice , Viale Pierluigi , Antinori Spinello , Galli Massimo , Galiè Nazzareno , Tondo Claudio , Forleo Giovanni Battista 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Aims
The aim of the study was to describe ECG modifications and arrhythmic events in COVID-19 patients undergoing hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) therapy in different clinical settings.

Methods and results
COVID-19 patients at seven institutions receiving HCQ therapy from whom a baseline and at least one ECG at 48+ h were available were enrolled in the study. QT/QTc prolongation, QT-associated and QT-independent arrhythmic events, arrhythmic mortality, and overall mortality during HCQ therapy were assessed. A total of 649 COVID-19 patients (61.9 ± 18.7 years, 46.1% males) were enrolled. HCQ therapy was administrated as a home therapy regimen in 126 (19.4%) patients, and as an in-hospital-treatment to 495 (76.3%) hospitalized and 28 (4.3%) intensive care unit (ICU) patients. At 36–72 and at 96+ h after the first HCQ dose, 358 and 404 ECGs were obtained, respectively. A significant QT/QTc interval prolongation was observed (P &lt; 0.001), but the magnitude of the increase was modest [+13 (9–16) ms]. Baseline QT/QTc length and presence of fever (P = 0.001) at admission represented the most important determinants of QT/QTc prolongation. No arrhythmic-related deaths were reported. The overall major ventricular arrhythmia rate was low (1.1%), with all events found not to be related to QT or HCQ therapy at a centralized event evaluation. No differences in QT/QTc prolongation and QT-related arrhythmias were observed across different clinical settings, with non-QT-related arrhythmias being more common in the intensive care setting.

Conclusion
HCQ administration is safe for a short-term treatment for patients with COVID-19 infection regardless of the clinical setting of delivery, causing only modest QTc prolongation and no directly attributable arrhythmic deaths.
Development and Validation of an Inflammatory-Frailty Index for Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Haugen Christine E , Gross Alden , Chu Nadia M , Norman Silas P , Brennan Daniel C , Xue Qian-Li , Walston Jeremy , Segev Dorry L , McAdams-DeMarco Mara 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Physical frailty phenotype is characterized by decreased physiologic reserve to stressors and associated with poor outcomes, such as delirium and mortality, that may result from post-kidney transplant (KT) inflammation. Despite a hypothesized underlying pro-inflammatory state, conventional measures of frailty typically do not incorporate inflammatory biomarkers directly. Among KT candidates and recipients, we evaluated the inclusion of inflammatory biomarkers with traditional physical frailty phenotype components.

Methods
Among 1154 KT candidates and recipients with measures of physical frailty phenotype and inflammation (interleukin 6 [IL6], tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNFα], C-reactive protein [CRP]) at 2 transplant centers (2009–2017), we evaluated construct validity of inflammatory-frailty using latent class analysis. Inflammatory-frailty measures combined 5 physical frailty phenotype components plus the addition of an individual inflammatory biomarkers, separately (highest tertiles) as a sixth component. We then used Kaplan–Meier methods and adjusted Cox proportional hazards to assess post-KT mortality risk by inflammatory-frailty (n = 378); Harrell’s C-statistics assessed risk prediction (discrimination).

Results
Based on fit criteria, a 2-class solution (frail vs nonfrail) for inflammatory-frailty was the best-fitting model. Five-year survival (frail vs nonfrail) was: 81% versus 93% (IL6-frailty), 87% versus 89% (CRP-frailty), and 83% versus 91% (TNFα-frailty). Mortality was 2.07-fold higher for IL6-frail recipients (95% CI: 1.03–4.19, p = .04); there were no associations between the mortality and the other inflammatory-frailty indices (TNFα-frail: 1.88, 95% CI: 0.95–3.74, p = .07; CRP-frail: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.52–2.03, p = .95). However, none of the frailty-inflammatory indices (all C-statistics = 0.71) improved post-KT mortality risk prediction over the physical frailty phenotype (C-statistics = 0.70).

Conclusions
Measurement of IL6-frailty at transplantation can inform which patients should be targeted for pre-KT interventions. However, the traditional physical frailty phenotype is sufficient for post-KT mortality risk prediction.
Oriented pre-stack inverse Q filtering for resolution enhancements of seismic data
Authors: Liu Guochang , Li Chao , Rao Ying , Chen Xiaohong 
Published: July 2020

SUMMARY
Seismic attenuation is one of the main factors responsible for degradation of the resolution of seismic data. During seismic wave propagation in attenuation medium, the energy of signal components seriously decreases, especially those with higher frequencies. The seismic attenuation and resolution reduction are generally compensated for with inverse Q filtering in the frequency or time domain. However, the implementation of pre-stack inverse Q filtering is challenging because the traveltime in each layer is not easy to obtain for the pre-stack seismic gather, unless the accurate velocity model is known. In this study, we propose an inverse Q filtering method for the pre-stack seismic gather that uses the local slope and warped mapping to determine the propagation path, and Taylor-expansion-based division is used to stabilize the inversion. The local slope can determine the reflection events with the same ray path, and the inverse warped mapping can transform the attenuation factor from the ${t_0} - p$ (zero-offset traveltime to ray parameter) domain to the $t - x$ (traveltime and offset) domain. The attenuation factor in the ${t_0} - p$ domain is easy to calculate because the traveltimes and Q values in each layer are known. The proposed oriented pre-stack inverse Q filtering method is velocity-independent and suitable for a depth varying Q model. The synthetic and real data examples demonstrated that the method can effectively correct the attenuation and dispersion of seismic waves, and can obtain pre-stack seismic gathers with high resolution.
Correction of cilia structure and function alleviates multi-organ pathology in Bardet–Biedl syndrome mice
Authors: Husson Hervé , Bukanov Nikolay O , Moreno Sarah , Smith Mandy M , Richards Brenda , Zhu Cheng , Picariello Tyler , Park Hyejung , Wang Bing , Natoli Thomas A , Smith Laurie A , Zanotti Stefano , Russo Ryan J , Madden Stephen L , Klinger Katherine W , Modur Vijay , Ibraghimov-Beskrovnaya Oxana 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a pleiotropic autosomal recessive ciliopathy affecting multiple organs. The development of potential disease-modifying therapy for BBS will require concurrent targeting of multi-systemic manifestations. Here, we show for the first time that monosialodihexosylganglioside accumulates in Bbs2−/− cilia, indicating impairment of glycosphingolipid (GSL) metabolism in BBS. Consequently, we tested whether BBS pathology in Bbs2−/− mice can be reversed by targeting the underlying ciliary defect via reduction of GSL metabolism. Inhibition of GSL synthesis with the glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor Genz-667161 decreases the obesity, liver disease, retinal degeneration and olfaction defect in Bbs2−/− mice. These effects are secondary to preservation of ciliary structure and signaling, and stimulation of cellular differentiation. In conclusion, reduction of GSL metabolism resolves the multi-organ pathology of Bbs2−/− mice by directly preserving ciliary structure and function towards a normal phenotype. Since this approach does not rely on the correction of the underlying genetic mutation, it might translate successfully as a treatment for other ciliopathies.
Impact of perceived social norms on farmers’ behavior of cultivated land protection: an empirical analysis based on mediating effect model
Authors: Qiu Wenwen , Zhong Zhangbao , Huang Ya 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this study, the impact of social norms on farmers’ behavior of cultivated land protection and the related mechanism was investigated in terms of direct effect and mediating effect and further verified by logistic and mediation effect estimation of different organic fertilizer application behaviors. An empirical analysis of the data collected from Xiajin County of Shandong, China, revealed that (1) perceived social norms can exert significant and positive effects on the behavior of farmers in cultivated land protection; (2) social norms can stimulate farmers to adopt cultivated land protection behaviors by affecting their related value cognition, risk confidence and skills; and (3) the mediating mechanisms varied in the impact of perceived social norms on different cultivated land protection behaviors, with farmyard manure application being significantly moderated by value cognition, risk confidence and skills, in contrast to a major impact of social network on the application of commercial organic fertilizers. This study enriched the theoretical interpretation of the impact of social norms on farmers’ behavior of cultivated land protection and provided useful information on activation of farmers’ cultivated land protection behavior to promote the sustainable development of agriculture.
Experimental Transmission of Plasmodium malariae to Anopheles gambiae
Authors: Pinilla Yudi T , Boussougou-Sambe Stravensky T , Gräßle Sarah , Ngossanga Barclaye , Doumba-Ndalembouly Ange G , Weierich Andrea , Bingoulou Gedeon , Malinga Emma G , Nguiffo-Nguete Daniel , Ntoumi Francine , Djogbénou Luc , Issifou Saadou , Wondji Charles S , Adegnika Ayola A , Borrmann Steffen ,   COMAL Study Group, Nzoughe-Nzeng Theo , Edoa Jean Ronald , N’Noh Elsy Dansou , Zinsou Jeannot , Ndo Cyrille , Nkemngo Francis , Tchouakoui Magellan , Tchapga Williams , Ayuk Renette , Ntabi Jacques Mbama , Koukouikila-Koussounda Felix , Agonhossou Romuald , Akoton Romaric Bidossessi , Akpeyedje Yannelle Dossou , Beck Katharina , Saison Nathanael , Hoffmann Anton 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Our current knowledge of the clinical burden, biology, and transmission of Plasmodium malariae is extremely scarce. To start addressing some of those questions, we experimentally infected Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes with fresh P. malariae isolates obtained from asymptomatic individuals in Lambaréné, Gabon. The proportion of mosquitoes infected via direct membrane feeding assay with either P. malariae monoinfections (16% [19 of 121]) or coinfections (28% [31 of 112]) was higher after serum replacement than in parallel groups without serum replacement (4% [4 of 102] and 4% [2 of 45], respectively; P &lt; .01). Our results show that isolates from asymptomatic carriers can be used for experimental studies of P. malariae transmission.
Implication of a High Risk for Type 2 Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Emergence and Transmission After the Switch From Trivalent to Bivalent Oral Poliovirus Vaccine
Authors: Yan Dongmei , Wang Dongyan , Zhang Yong , Li Xiaolei , Tang Haishu , Guan Jing , Song Yang , Zhu Shuangli , Xu Wenbo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
China implemented the globally synchronized switch from trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (tOPV) to bivalent OPV (bOPV) and introduced 1 dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine on 1 May 2016. We assessed the impact of the switch on the immunity level against poliovirus, especially type 2.

Methods
Children born between 2014 and 2017, who were brought to the hospitals in Urumqi city, Xinjiang Province in 2017, were enrolled and blood samples were collected to test for antibody titers against poliovirus. A comparison of seroprevalence between the children born before (preswitch group) and after the switch (postswitch group) was performed to assess the impact of the switch on the immunity level against polio.

Results
A total of 172 subjects were enrolled. The overall seroprevalences were 98.8%, 79.1%, and 98.3% for types 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Seroprevalence for type 2 significantly decreased from 91.6% in the preswitch group to 67.4% in the postswitch group, but no statistically significant change was observed for both types 1 and 3.

Conclusions
The switch from tOPV to bOPV can provide high-level immunity against types 1 and 3 but not against type 2, indicating a high risk of type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus emergence and transmission.
Recommendations for Intersectoral Collaboration for the Prevention and Control of Vector-Borne Diseases: Results From a Modified Delphi Process
Authors: Antonio Carl Abelardo T , Bermudez Amiel Nazer C , Cochon Kim L , Reyes Ma Sophia Graciela L , Torres Chelseah Denise H , Liao Sophia Anne S P , Ortega Dorothy Jean N , Silang Abegail Visia Marie C , Uezono Deinzel R , Roxas Evalyn A , Salamat Maria Sonia S 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundIntersectoral collaboration in the context of the prevention and control of vector-borne diseases has been broadly described in both the literature and the current global strategy by the World Health Organization. Our aim was to develop a framework that will distill the currently known multiple models of collaboration.MethodsQualitative content analysis and logic modeling of data abstracted from 69 studies included in a scoping review done by the authors were used to develop 9 recommendation statements that summarized the composition and attributes of multisectoral approaches, which were then subjected to a modified Delphi process with 6 experts in the fields of health policy and infectious diseases.ResultsConsensus for all statements was achieved during the first round. The recommendation statements were on (1–3) sectoral engagement to supplement government efforts and augment public financing; (4) development of interventions for most systems levels; (5–6) investment in human resource, including training; (7–8) intersectoral action to implement strategies and ensure sustainability of initiatives; and (9) research to support prevention and control efforts.ConclusionsThe core of intersectoral action to prevent vector-borne diseases is collaboration among multiple stakeholders to develop, implement, and evaluate initiatives at multiple levels of intervention.
Pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral and tuberculosis drugs in children with HIV/TB co-infection: a systematic review
Authors: Jacobs Tom G , Svensson Elin M , Musiime Victor , Rojo Pablo , Dooley Kelly E , McIlleron Helen , Aarnoutse Rob E , Burger David M , Turkova Anna , Colbers Angela ,   the WHO Paediatric Antiretroviral Working Group, Abrams Elaine , Archary Moherndran , Belew Yodit , Best Brookie , Burger David , Burry Jessica , Capparelli Edmund , Carpenter Deborah , Casas Esther , Clayden Polly , Clarke Diana , Cressey Tim , Colbers Angela , Dangarembizi Mutsa , Denti Paolo , Diop Karim , Ecker Andrea , Essajee Shaffiq , Giaquinto Carlo , Gibb Diana , Hazra Rohan , Kim Maria , Lallemant Marc , Lee Janice , Lewis Linda , Lockman Shahin , Mirochnick Mark , Mofenson Lynne , Musiime Victor , Obimbo Elizabeth , Ojoo Atieno , Pascual Fernando , Penazzato Martina , Pinto Jorge , Rakhmanina Natella , Rojo Pablo , Ruel Ted , Siberry George , Sugandhi Nandita , Turkova Anna , Vicari Marissa , Watkins Melynda , Wolf Hilary 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionManagement of concomitant use of ART and TB drugs is difficult because of the many drug–drug interactions (DDIs) between the medications. This systematic review provides an overview of the current state of knowledge about the pharmacokinetics (PK) of ART and TB treatment in children with HIV/TB co-infection, and identifies knowledge gaps.MethodsWe searched Embase and PubMed, and systematically searched abstract books of relevant conferences, following PRISMA guidelines. Studies not reporting PK parameters, investigating medicines that are not available any longer or not including children with HIV/TB co-infection were excluded. All studies were assessed for quality.ResultsIn total, 47 studies met the inclusion criteria. No dose adjustments are necessary for efavirenz during concomitant first-line TB treatment use, but intersubject PK variability was high, especially in children &lt;3 years of age. Super-boosted lopinavir/ritonavir (ratio 1:1) resulted in adequate lopinavir trough concentrations during rifampicin co-administration. Double-dosed raltegravir can be given with rifampicin in children &gt;4 weeks old as well as twice-daily dolutegravir (instead of once daily) in children older than 6 years. Exposure to some TB drugs (ethambutol and rifampicin) was reduced in the setting of HIV infection, regardless of ART use. Only limited PK data of second-line TB drugs with ART in children who are HIV infected have been published.ConclusionsWhereas integrase inhibitors seem favourable in older children, there are limited options for ART in young children (&lt;3 years) receiving rifampicin-based TB therapy. The PK of TB drugs in HIV-infected children warrants further research.
Effects of zinc propionate supplementation on growth performance, skeletal muscle fiber, and receptor characteristics in beef steers
Authors: Wellmann Kimberly B , Baggerman Jessica O , Burson W Clay , Smith Zachary K , Kim Jongkyoo , Hergenreder Jerilyn E , Rounds Whitney , Bernhard Bryan C , Johnson Bradley J 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A randomized complete block design experiment with 32 yearling crossbred steers (average body weight [BW] = 442 ± 17.0 kg) fed a steam-flaked corn-based diet was used to evaluate the effects of dietary Zn (KemTRACE Zn propionate 27; Kemin Industries, Inc., Des Moines, IA) supplementation on live growth performance, skeletal muscle fiber, and beta-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) characteristics during the finishing phase. Steers were blocked by BW (n = 4 blocks; 8 steers/block), assigned to pens (n = 4 steers/pen), and randomly assigned to the following treatments: control (CON; 0.0 g/[head (hd) · d] of additional Zn) or additional dietary Zn (ZnP; 1.0 g/[hd · d] additional Zn). The basal diet contained Zn (60 ppm dry matter basis) from ZnSO4; additional Zn was top-dressed at feeding. Ractopamine hydrochloride (RH; Optaflexx: Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN) was included at 300 mg/(hd · d) for the final 28 d of the 111-d feeding period. Longissimus muscle biopsy samples, BW, and blood were obtained on days 0, 42, 79, and 107. Final BW was collected prior to shipping on day 111. Biopsy samples were used for immunohistochemical (IHC), mRNA, and protein analysis. Serum urea nitrogen (SUN) and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations were measured. Steers fed ZnP had a greater average daily gain (P = 0.02) and gain to feed ratio (G:F; P = 0.03) during the RH feeding period compared with CON. There were no differences (P &gt; 0.05) in other growth performance variables, carcass traits, mRNA abundance, or relative protein concentration for fiber type and β-AR. Fiber types I and IIA had no differences in the cross-sectional area; however, the IIX area was greater for CON (P &lt; 0.04) compared with ZnP and increased (P &lt; 0.02) over time. There were no differences between treatments for the β1-AR density (P &gt; 0.05) in skeletal muscle tissue throughout the study. A treatment × day interaction was observed in β2-AR density (P = 0.02) and β3-AR density (P = 0.02) during the RH feeding period, where the abundance of the receptors increased with ZnP but did not change in CON. Compared with CON, ZnP had greater (P &lt; 0.01) mean NEFA concentrations. Mean SUN concentrations did increase by day (P &lt; 0.01). Additional dietary Zn, supplied as Zn propionate, upregulates β2-AR and β3-AR and improves growth performance in feedlot steers during the RH feeding period, likely through a shift of resource utilization from lipogenesis to muscle maintenance and hypertrophy.
The Homelessness Crisis and Burn Injuries: A Cohort Study
Authors: Vrouwe Sebastian Q , Johnson Maxwell B , Pham Christopher H , Lane Christianne J , Garner Warren L , Gillenwater T Justin , Yenikomshian Haig A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The United States is facing a growing homelessness crisis. We characterize the demographics and outcomes of homeless patients who sustain burn injury and compare them to a cohort of domiciled patients. A retrospective cohort study was performed at the Los Angeles County + University of Southern California Regional Burn Center for consecutive acute burn admissions in adults from June 1, 2015, to December 31, 2018. Patients were categorized as either domiciled or homeless at the time of their injury. Prevalence rates were estimated using data from the regional homeless count. From 881 admissions, 751 (85%) had stable housing and 130 (15%) were homeless. The rate of burn injury requiring hospitalization for homeless adults was estimated at 88 per 100,000 persons. Homeless patients had a significantly larger median burn size (7 vs 5%, P &lt; .05) and a greater rate of flame burns (68 vs 42%, P &lt; .001). For the homeless, rates of assault and self-inflicted injury were 4- (18 vs 4%, P &lt; .001) and 2-fold higher (9 vs 4%, P &lt; .001), respectively. Homeless patients had higher rates of mental illness (32 vs 12%, P &lt; .001) and substance abuse (88 vs 22%, P &lt; .001), and were less likely to follow-up as outpatients (54 vs 87%, P &lt; .001). There was no difference in mortality. Homeless patients had a longer median length of stay (LOS; 11 vs 7 days, P &lt; .001) without significant differences in LOS per percentage TBSA. Homeless individuals should be considered a high-risk population for burn injury. This distinction serves as a call to action for the development of burn prevention strategies.
Descriptive epidemiology of incidence and mortality of primary liver cancer in 185 countries: evidence from GLOBOCAN 2018
Authors: Sharma Rajesh 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Purpose
This study aims to examine the burden of primary liver cancer in 185 countries in 2018.

Methods
The estimates of incidence, mortality and prevalence of primary liver cancer were procured from GLOBOCAN 2018. The development status of a country was measured using the human development index—a composite indicator of income per capita, education and life expectancy.

Results
Globally, primary liver cancer resulted in an estimated 781 631 deaths at age-standardized mortality rate of 8.5/100 000, and 841 080 cases were estimated to be diagnosed in 2018. Males accounted for 596 574 cases and 548 375 deaths, which is more than twice the burden of primary liver cancer in females (cases: 244 506; deaths: 233 456). The global age-standardized incidence rate was 9.3/100 000 in 2018, varying from Morocco (1.1/100 000) to Mongolia (93.7/100 000). There were remarkable variations in terms of age-standardized mortality rate, too, which ranged from 1/100 000 in Nepal to 75.4/100 000 in Mongolia. East Asia was the top region contributing 55.6% of global cases and 54.7% of global deaths.

Conclusions
Since majority of the primary liver cancer burden pertains to hepatocellular carcinoma and screening approaches are yet to be fully proven, the policy focus must be on prevention approaches through the hepatitis-B vaccine, early detection of hepatitis-C infection, reduced alcohol consumption, obesity control, reduced aflatoxin exposure and containment of other modifiable risk factors.