bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The secondary metabolite regulator, BbSmr1, is a central regulator of conidiation via the BrlA‐AbaA‐WetA pathway in Beauveria bassiana
Authors: Chen Jin‐Feng , Liu Yu , Tang Gui‐Rong , Jin Dan , Chen Xi , Pei Yan , Fan Yan‐Hua 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe filamentous fungus Beauveria bassiana, an insect fungal pathogen, is widely used for pest biocontrol. Aerial conidia are infectious propagules, and their yield and viability greatly affect the field application of this fungus; however, little is known about the molecular regulatory mechanism of the triggered conidiation. In the present study, we find that the secondary metabolite regulator BbSmr1 is involved in the regulation of asexual conidiation development and stress response in B. bassiana. A deficiency in Bbsmr1 results in a prominent fluffy‐like phenotype on solid medium, decreased conidial yield, accelerated conidial germination, as well as increased tolerance to H2O2 stress and cell wall inhibitors. The deletion of Bbsmr1 also leads to thickened conidial cell walls and changed cell epitopes. Overexpressing either BbbrlA or BbabaA in the ∆Bbsmr1 strain can rescue the phenotypes of conidial development and stress response. BbSmr1 activates BbbrlA transcription by directly binding to the A4GA3 sequence of the BbbrlA promoter. BbBrlA in turn binds to the promoter of Bbsmr1 and negatively regulates the expression of Bbsmr1. These results indicate that BbSmr1 positively regulates conidial development in B. bassiana by activating the central development pathway BrlA‐AbaA‐WetA and provides insights into the developmental regulatory mechanism of entomopathogenic fungi.
Testing Antemortem Blood for Ethanol Concentration from a Blood Kit in a Refrigerator Fire
Authors: Kosecki Patrick Allan , Canonico Erika , Brooke Phillip 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe stability of ethanol in antemortem blood stored under various conditions has been widely studied. Antemortem blood samples stored at refrigerated temperature, at room temperature, and at elevated temperatures tend to decrease in ethanol concentration with storage. It appears that the stability of ethanol in blood exposed to temperatures greater than 38°C has not been evaluated. The case presented here involves comparison of breath test results with subsequent analysis of blood drawn at the time of breath testing. However, the blood tubes were in a refrigerator fire followed by refrigerated storage for 5 months prior to analysis by headspace gas chromatography. The subject’s breath was tested twice using an Intoxilyzer 8000. The subject’s blood was tested in duplicate using an Agilent headspace gas chromatograph. The measured breath ethanol concentration was 0.103 g/210 L and 0.092 g/210 L. The measured blood ethanol concentration was 0.0932 g/dL for both samples analyzed. Although the mean blood test result was slightly lower than the mean breath test result, the mean breath test result was within the estimated uncertainty of the mean blood test result. Even under the extreme conditions of the blood kit being in a refrigerator fire, the measured blood ethanol content agreed well with the paired breath ethanol test.
The Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI): Treatment Scales and Interpersonal Characteristics in a Sample of Men Charged with or Convicted of a Sexual Offense*
Authors: Parker Alden J. , Mulay Abby L. , Gottfried Emily D. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTAn individual's interpersonal features are pertinent to treatment within clinical populations. The Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) contains two scales that assess the interpersonal features of warmth (WRM) and dominance (DOM), as well as two additional measures to assess to treatment prediction, process, and rejection (RXR; TPI). The current study examined associations between these PAI scales in a sample of 92 men who underwent comprehensive evaluations of sexual behavior after being charged with or convicted of a sexual offense. Analyses indicated that RXR was positively associated with WRM and DOM, TPI was negatively associated with WRM, and the two interpersonal scales of WRM and DOM were positively correlated with each other. A significant inverse relationship was found between the two treatment scales RXR and TPI indicating that motivation for treatment may have a limited relationship with the treatment process. WRM significantly predicted scores on the TPI, and both WRM and DOM predicted individual scores on RXR. Higher scores on positive impression management (PIM) were predictive of lower TPI and higher RXR, as individuals with higher stakes cases may score higher on PIM and underreport obstacles within treatment or be unwilling to accept the need for treatment. Overall, findings suggest that interpersonal characteristics identified by the PAI scales may be advantageous in approaching treatment within this population.
Trajectory modeling revealed a southwest‐northeast migration corridor for fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) emerging from the North China Plain
Authors: Wu Qiu‐Lin , Jiang Yu‐Ying , Liu Jie , Hu Gao , Wu Kong‐Ming 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda, an invasive insect pest native to the Americas, has established populations throughout eastern China. The North China Plain—a key corn‐producing area in East China with a unique topography—was invaded by fall armyworm in 2019 and is seriously threatened by this migratory pest. However, the spatiotemporal extent of the migratory movements of fall armyworm from the North China Plain remains poorly understood. Using an air transport‐based trajectory modeling approach that incorporates flight behavior, we simulated the potential nocturnal migration trajectories of fall armyworm from the North China Plain based on historical meteorological data from June to October of 2015–2019, and examined the night‐time atmospheric conditions associated with their possible flights. The emigration patterns showed monthly variation in the main landing area and common migration direction. The displacement of newly emerged moths from the North China Plain was concentrated in the Northeast China Plain (including Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces) before late summer, after which they were most likely to undertake return flights to the south (especially into Hubei, Anhui and Hunan provinces). This southwest‐northeast aerial migration corridor follows the topography of East China and is affected by the East Asian monsoon. These topographic‐atmospheric conditions have resulted in the North China Plain becoming a key stopover for fall armyworm populations engaging in multigenerational long‐distance migration across East China. These findings contribute to our knowledge of fall armyworm migration and will aid in the implementation of management and control strategies against this highly migratory agricultural pest.
Revision of the endemic Australian robber fly genus Daptolestes Hull, 1962 (Diptera: Asilidae) and description of Humorolethalis gen. nov.
Authors: Robinson Isabella J , Li Xuankun , Yeates David K 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDaptolestes Hull, 1962 is a small genus of distinctive, ornate robber flies (Asilidae) endemic to Australia, currently placed in the subfamily Brachyrhopalinae, containing three described species, D. limbipennis, D. nicholsoni and D. sergius. Adults of Daptolestes species (except D. sergius) have patterned wings, brown and yellow integumental colour and a waisted abdomen and could be mistaken for vespid wasps when foraging for insect prey on flowers. Here, we present a phylogeny based on a morphological survey of adult specimens. Based on the phylogenetic results, we provide a description and revised diagnosis for Daptolestes and describe four new species: D. leei Robinson & Yeates, sp. nov. D. bronteflavus Robinson & Yeates, sp. nov. D. feminategus Robinson & Yeates, sp. nov. and D. illusiolautus Robinson & Yeates, sp. nov. We also erect a new genus, Humorolethalis Robinson, Li & Yeates, gen. nov. to accommodate Dasypogon sergius Walker [=Daptolestes sergius (Walker)]. For all species of both genera, we illustrate external features of the adults and male and female terminalia. Key to all Daptolestes species.
The chimera‐type galectin‐3 is a positive modulator of trophoblast functions with dysregulated expression in gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Freitag Nancy , Tirado‐González Irene , Barrientos Gabriela , Cohen Marie , Daher Silvia , Goldman‐Wohl Debra , Mincheva‐Nilsson Lucia , John Constance M. , Jeschke Udo , Blois Sandra M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractProblemFrom conception, a delicate regulation of galectins, a family of carbohydrate‐binding proteins, is established to ensure maternal immune tolerance in pregnancy. Though galectin‐3 (gal‐3), the only chimera‐type galectin, is abundantly expressed at the feto‐maternal interface; the physiological role of this lectin during pregnancy remains to be fully elucidated and requires further investigation.Method of studyIn this study, we analyzed serum gal‐3 levels during the course of healthy gestation. Trophoblast functions were evaluated upon gal‐3 exogenous stimulation using trophoblastic cell lines (e.g. , HIPEC65, SGHPL‐4, and BeWo cells). Finally, we investigated variations in peripheral gal‐3 levels associated with the development of spontaneous abortion and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).ResultsGal‐3 circulating levels increased as normal pregnancy progressed. In vitro experiments showed that exogenous gal‐3 positively regulated trophoblast functions inducing invasion, tube formation, and fusion. Compared with normal pregnant women, circulating gal‐3 levels were significantly decreased in patients who developed GDM.ConclusionOur results reveal a physiological role for gal‐3 during pregnancy, promoting proper trophoblast functions associated with healthy gestation. GDM is associated with a failure to increase circulating gal‐3 levels late in gestation. Thus, dysregulation of gal‐3 may indicate a contribution of the chimera‐type lectin to this adverse pregnancy outcome.
Comparing pregnancy outcomes between natural cycles and artificial cycles following frozen‐thaw embryo transfers
Authors: Pakes Cassandra , Volovsky Michelle , Rozen Genia , Agresta Franca , Gardner David K. , Polyakov Alex 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundFrozen embryo transfer (FET) is increasing in prevalence. In contrast to the amount of research performed on the actual cryopreservation procedure, there are limited data with respect to optimal endometrial preparation in FET cycles. Increasingly artificial cycle (AC) preparation is being adopted over the natural cycle (NC) to facilitate greater access to FET. However, there remains a paucity of data comparing pregnancy outcomes between these two commonly used cycle types.AimsTo examine the efficacy of AC vs NC following FET, by comparing pregnancy outcomes including biochemical, clinical and live birth rates, along with miscarriage rates.Materials and MethodThis is a large single‐centre retrospective analysis, examining a standardised data set from January 2015 to July 2018. It included 3030 cycles (NC = 2033, AC = 997). Main outcomes were biochemical pregnancy (beta‐human chorionic gonadotropin > 5 IU), ultrasound‐diagnosed clinical pregnancy, and live births. Using the χ2 test, the above pregnancy outcomes were compared between AC and NC. A multivariate logistic regression, controlling for factors such as age, embryo quality, and day of blastocyst freeze was further utilised to assess for confounding variables.ResultsNo difference was observed between biochemical pregnancy rates (NC = 39.45% vs AC = 37.71%, P = 0.357); statistically significant differences were observed between clinical pregnancy (30.84% vs 26.08%, P = 0.007), and live birth rates (24.40% vs 18.86% P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed that NC produces superior pregnancy outcomes when controlling for confounding variables.ConclusionThis analysis demonstrates the non‐inferiority of NC thaw compared to AC, on continuing pregnancy rates. Taken together with patient acceptability and possibly increased obstetric risks with AC, these findings support the use of NC when medically possible.
Diabetes‐related outcomes after pancreatic surgery
Authors: Lee Cynthia Ying Chian , Depczynski Barbara , Poynten Ann , Haghighi Koroush S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe development of pancreatogenic diabetes mellitus (PDM) is a common complication post‐pancreatectomy; however, its prevalence has not been described in Australia. We aimed to describe the glycaemic status pre‐ and post‐pancreatectomy, compare patients' clinical characteristics, group according to pre‐ and post‐pancreatectomy diabetes mellitus (DM) status and identify predictors of post‐operative PDM.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients admitted for pancreatic resection at a single institution from 2011 to 2017. Post‐operative DM status was determined at the time of discharge or at 30 days post‐operation. Longer term DM onset was as documented in medical record subsequent to admission for pancreatic surgery.ResultsA total of 137 cases were analysed; 13.3% and 24.8% of patients developed post‐operative PDM within 30 days and at median of 1 year (range 1–4 years) follow‐up, respectively. All patients with pre‐existing DM continued to have DM post‐operatively. Patients with pre‐existing DM were older (P = 0.004) and had a family history of DM (P = 0.020); 8.3% of patients who had undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy versus 17.1% of patients who had undergone distal pancreatectomy developed PDM (P = 0.318). A lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (P = 0.033) was significantly associated with post‐operative PDM development. No independent predictors for post‐operative PDM were identified.ConclusionsThe new development of DM within 30 days post‐pancreatectomy occurs in approximately one in seven persons. No patients with pre‐existing DM demonstrated a remission of DM post‐pancreatectomy. These findings suggest that all patients should be screened for DM pre‐operatively and followed up post‐operatively, particularly those with pre‐existing impaired renal function.
The representation of future generations in newspaper coverage of climate change: A study of the UK press
Authors: Graham Hilary , de Bell Siân 
Published: July 2020

AbstractClimate change will rob future generations—today's children and those yet to be born—of the stable climate that previous generations have enjoyed. The article explores how future generations are represented in climate change coverage in the UK national press. We examine the ‘popular’ (Mail, Mirror) and ‘quality’ (Guardian, Telegraph) press from 2010 to March 2019. We found that little attention was given to future generations; young people rarely spoke and, along with those yet to be born, were represented in ways that obscured the temporal and social inequalities that are built into climate change.
Early developmental milestones in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: van Dommelen Paula , van Dijk Oisín , de Wilde Jeroen A , Verkerk Paul H 
Published: July 2020

AimTo investigate the differences in attainment of developmental milestones between young males with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and young males from the general population.MethodAs part of the case–control 4D‐DMD study (Detection by Developmental Delay in Dutch boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy), data on developmental milestones for 76 young males with DMD and 12 414 young males from a control group were extracted from the health care records of youth health care services. The characteristics of DMD were acquired from questionnaires completed by parents. Logistic regression analyses were performed with milestone attainment (yes/no) as the dependent variable and DMD (yes/no) as the independent variable, with and without adjustment for age at visit.ResultsThe mean number of available milestones was 43 (standard deviation [SD]=13, range: 1–59) in the DMD group and 40 (SD=15, range: 1–60) in the control group. The presence of developmental delay was evident at 2 to 3 months of age, with a higher proportion of young males with DMD failing to attain milestones of gross/fine motor activity, adaptive behaviour, personal/social behaviour, and communication (range age‐adjusted odds ratios [ORs]=2.3–4.0, p<0.01). Between 12 and 36 months of age, differences in the attainment of developmental milestones concerning gross motor activity increased with age (range age‐adjusted ORs=10.3–532, p<0.001). We also found differences in developmental milestones concerning fine motor activity, adaptive behaviour, personal/social behaviour, and communication between 12 and 48 months of age (range age‐adjusted ORs=2.5–9.7, p<0.01).InterpretationWe found delays in the attainment of motor and non‐motor milestones in young males with DMD compared to the control group. Such delays were already evident a few months after birth. Developmental milestones that show a delay in attainment have the potential to aid the earlier diagnosis of DMD.
Effects of canagliflozin on initiation of insulin and other antihyperglycaemic agents in the CANVAS Program
Authors: Matthews David R. , Wysham Carol , Davies Melanie , Slee April , Alba Maria , Lee Mary , Perkovic Vlado , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Neal Bruce 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study compared initiation of insulin and other antihyperglycaemic agents (AHAs) with canagliflozin versus placebo for participants with type 2 diabetes and a history/high risk of cardiovascular disease in the CANagliflozin cardioVascular Assessment Study (CANVAS) Program. After 1 year, fewer participants treated with canagliflozin versus placebo initiated any AHA (7% vs. 16%), insulin (3% vs. 9%) or any non‐insulin AHA (5% vs. 12%) (P < .001 for all); overall AHA initiation rates increased over time but were consistently lower with canagliflozin compared with placebo. During the study, the likelihood of initiating insulin was 2.7 times lower for participants treated with canagliflozin compared with placebo (hazard ratio, 0.37; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.43; P < .001). The time difference between 10% of patients in the canagliflozin and placebo groups being initiated on insulin from the beginning of the trial was about 2 years. Time to initiation of other AHAs, including metformin, dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists and sulphonylureas, was also delayed for canagliflozin versus placebo (P < .001 for each). Compared with placebo, canagliflozin delayed the need for initiation of other AHAs and delayed time to insulin therapy, an outcome that is important to many people with diabetes.
Putting power and politics central in Nepal’s water governance
Authors: Suhardiman Diana , Karki Emma , Bastakoti Ram C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMotivationPower relations, and the politics shaping and reshaping them, are key to determining influence and outcomes in water governance. But current discourse on water governance tends to present decision‐making as neutral and technical, unaffected by political influences.PurposeTaking the case of Nepal, this article examines the close interlinkages between bureaucratic and political competition that indirectly influence decisions and outcomes on water governance, while placing this within the context of state transformation.Approach and MethodsAn in‐depth case study examines the interactions of politicians and bureaucrats shaping decisions on water governance. It draws on semi‐structured interviews and power mapping to reveal insights from key stakeholders with decision‐making power in national management of water resources.FindingsPolitical competition drives the country’s development agenda and planning, resulting in fragmented development planning. It works in tandem with the prevailing bureaucratic competition in water resources management. It highlights the need to link the discourse and analysis water governance with processes of state transformation. The current fragmented development planning processes could serve as entry points for civil society groups and the wider society to convey their voice and exert their influence.Policy implicationsFollowing federalism, the political transfer of power and decision‐making to achieve political representation and social justice rests with locally elected governing bodies. This coincides with the government’s push to manage water resources through river basin planning. There is a need for greater participation from the local governing bodies and understanding of how politics and power shape water governance.
The effects of a single‐session cathodal transcranial pulsed current stimulation on corticospinal excitability: A randomized sham‐controlled double‐blinded study
Authors: Dissanayaka Thusharika , Zoghi Maryam , Farrell Michael , Egan Gary , Jaberzadeh Shapour 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTranscranial pulsed current stimulation (tPCS) of the human motor cortex has received much attention in recent years. Although the effect of anodal tPCS with different frequencies has been investigated, the effect of cathodal tPCS (c‐tPCS) has not been explored yet. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of c‐tPCS at 4 and 75 Hz frequencies on corticospinal excitability (CSE) and motor performance. In a randomized sham‐controlled crossover design, fifteen healthy participants attended three experimental sessions and received either c‐tPCS at 75 Hz, 4 Hz or sham with 1.5 mA for 15 min. Transcranial magnetic stimulation and grooved pegboard test were performed before, immediately after and 30 min after the completion of stimulation at rest. The findings indicate that c‐tPCS at both 4 and 75 Hz significantly increased CSE compared to sham. Both c‐tPCS at 75 and 4 Hz showed a significant increase in intracortical facilitation compared to sham, whereas the effect on short‐interval intracortical inhibition was not significant. The c‐tPCS at 4 Hz but not 75 Hz induced modulation of intracortical facilitation correlated with the CSE. Motor performance did not show any significant changes. These results suggest that, compared with sham stimulation, c‐tPCS at both 4 and 75 Hz induces an increase in CSE.