bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Severity of Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage in Older Adults with Low‐Energy Falls
Authors: Lampart Alina , Kuster Tobias , Nickel Christian H. , Bingisser Roland , Pedersen Vera 
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESTo determine the prevalence and severity of traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (tICH) in a large cohort of older adults presenting with low‐energy falls and the association with anticoagulation or antiplatelet medication.DESIGNBicentric retrospective cohort analysis.SETTINGTwo level 1 trauma centers in Switzerland and Germany.PARTICIPANTSConsecutive sample of older adults (aged ≥65 y) presenting to the emergency department (ED) over a 1‐year period with low‐energy falls who received cranial computed tomography (cCT) within 48 hours of ED presentation.MEASUREMENTSThe prevalence and severity of tICHs was assessed and the outcomes (in‐hospital mortality, admission to intensive care unit [ICU], or neurosurgical intervention) were specified. We used multivariate regression models to measure the association between anticoagulation/antiplatelet therapy and the risk for tICH after adjustment for known predictors.RESULTSThe overall prevalence for tICH detected by cCT was 176 of 2567 (6.9%). Neurosurgical intervention was performed in 15 of 176 (8.5%) patients with tICH, 28 of 176 (15.9%) patients were admitted to the ICU, and 14 of 176 (8.0%) died in the hospital. CT‐detected skull fracture and signs of injury above the clavicles were the strongest predictors for the presence of tICH (odds ratio [OR] = 4.28; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.79‐6.51; OR = 1.88; 95% CI = 1.3‐2.73, respectively). Among 2567 included patients, 1424 (55%) were on anticoagulation/antiplatelet therapy. Multivariate regression models showed no differences for the risk of tICH (OR = 1.05; 95% CI = .76‐1.47; P = .76) or association with the head‐specific Injury Severity Scale (incident rate ratio = 1.08; 95% CI = .97‐1.19; P = .15) with or without anticoagulation/antiplatelet therapy.CONCLUSIONMedication with anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents was not associated with higher prevalence and severity of tICH in older patients with low‐energy falls undergoing cCT examination. In addition to cCT‐detected skull fractures, visible injuries above the clavicles were the strongest clinical predictors for tICH. Our findings merit prospective validation. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:977–982, 2020
Optimising adjacent membrane segmentation and parameterisation in multicellular aggregates by piecewise active contours
Authors: JARA‐WILDE J. , CASTRO I. , LEMUS C.G. , PALMA K. , VALDÉS F. , CASTAÑEDA V. , HITSCHFELD N. , CONCHA M.L. , HÄRTEL S. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryIn fluorescence microscopy imaging, the segmentation of adjacent cell membranes within cell aggregates, multicellular samples, tissue, organs, or whole organisms remains a challenging task. The lipid bilayer is a very thin membrane when compared to the wavelength of photons in the visual spectra. Fluorescent molecules or proteins used for labelling membranes provide a limited signal intensity, and light scattering in combination with sample dynamics during in vivo imaging lead to poor or ambivalent signal patterns that hinder precise localisation of the membrane sheets. In the proximity of cells, membranes approach and distance each other. Here, the presence of membrane protrusions such as blebs; filopodia and lamellipodia; microvilli; or membrane vesicle trafficking, lead to a plurality of signal patterns, and the accurate localisation of two adjacent membranes becomes difficult.Several computational methods for membrane segmentation have been introduced. However, few of them specifically consider the accurate detection of adjacent membranes. In this article we present ALPACA (ALgorithm for Piecewise Adjacent Contour Adjustment), a novel method based on 2D piecewise parametric active contours that allows: (i) a definition of proximity for adjacent contours, (ii) a precise detection of adjacent, nonadjacent, and overlapping contour sections, (iii) the definition of a polyline for an optimised shared contour within adjacent sections and (iv) a solution for connecting adjacent and nonadjacent sections under the constraint of preserving the inherent cell morphology.We show that ALPACA leads to a precise quantification of adjacent and nonadjacent membrane zones in regular hexagons and live image sequences of cells of the parapineal organ during zebrafish embryo development. The algorithm detects and corrects adjacent, nonadjacent, and overlapping contour sections within a selected adjacency distance d, calculates shared contour sections for neighbouring cells with minimum alterations of the contour characteristics, and presents piecewise active contour solutions, preserving the contour shape and the overall cell morphology. ALPACA quantifies adjacent contours and can improve the meshing of 3D surfaces, the determination of forces, or tracking of contours in combination with previously published algorithms. We discuss pitfalls, strengths, and limits of our approach, and present a guideline to take the best decision for varying experimental conditions for in vivo microscopy.
Appendicular myological reconstruction of the forelimb of the giant titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur Dreadnoughtus schrani
Authors: Voegele Kristyn K. , Ullmann Paul V. , Lamanna Matthew C. , Lacovara Kenneth J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSoft tissues are variably preserved in the fossil record with external tissues, such as skin and feathers, more frequently preserved than internal tissues (e.g. muscles). More commonly, soft tissues leave traces of their locations on bones and, for muscles, these clues can be used to reconstruct the musculature of extinct vertebrates, thereby enhancing our understanding of how these organisms moved and the evolution of their locomotor patterns. Herein we reconstruct the forelimb and shoulder girdle musculature of the giant titanosaurian sauropod Dreadnoughtus schrani based on observations of osteological correlates and dissections of taxa comprising the Extant Phylogenetic Bracket of non‐avian dinosaurs (crocodilians and birds). Fossils of Dreadnoughtus exhibit remarkably well‐preserved, well‐developed, and extensive muscle scars. Furthermore, this taxon is significantly larger‐bodied than any titanosaurian for which a myological reconstruction has previously been attempted, rendering this myological study highly informative for the clade. In total, 28 muscles were investigated in this study, for which 46 osteological correlates were identified; these osteological correlates allowed the reconstruction of 16 muscles on the basis of Level I or Level II inferences (i.e. not Level I' or Level II' inferences). Comparisons with other titanosaurians suggest widespread myological variation in the clade, although potential phylogenetic patterns are often obscured by fragmentary preservation, infrequent myological studies, and lack of consensus on the systematic position of many taxa. By identifying myological variations within the clade, we can begin to address specific evolutionary and biomechanical questions related to the locomotor evolution in these sauropods.
Access and referral to palliative care for patients with chronic heart failure: A qualitative study of healthcare professionals
Authors: Singh Gursharan K. , Ramjan Lucie , Ferguson Caleb , Davidson Patricia M. , Newton Phillip J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundPalliative care for individuals with chronic heart failure is recommended for improving patients’ symptoms, function and overall quality of life. Despite this mandate, there is limited access and referral to specialist palliative care for individuals with chronic heart failure.ObjectivesTo explore healthcare professionals’ perspectives on access to palliative care for patients with chronic heart failure, focussing on patient, provider and system factors.MethodsCardiologists, palliative care specialists, heart failure nurses and palliative care nurses in acute and community care settings were interviewed using semi‐structured interviews. Purposive and snowball sampling methods were used for recruitment. Interview data were analysed using thematic analysis. The COREQ checklist guided data collection and reporting.ResultsThere were 15 participants in the study, and the majority were female. Participants included palliative medicine physicians, a palliative care nurse consultant, cardiologists, a general practitioner and advanced heart failure nurses. The themes derived from the thematic analysis centred on patient, provider and system factors impacting access and referral to palliative care in the context of chronic heart failure. The patient themes were (a) patient and family preconception of palliative care and (b) patient's clinical profile influences referral. The provider themes were (a) conflict, (b) making decisions and (c) education needs, and the system themes were (a) accessing services and resources and (b) improving the model of care.ConclusionsThe patient's clinical profile, education needs of healthcare professionals and improving access to services and resources need to be considered to enhance palliative care access and referral as well as the interacting and influencing elements of the patient, provider and system.
Professional relationships between nephrology clinicians and patients: a systematic review
Authors: Cousins Marina , Bradshaw Julie , Bonner Ann 
Published: March 2020

SUMMARYBackgroundNephrology nurses and patients expressed that the clinician–patient relationship in a haemodialysis (HD) unit might be best described as being part of an extended family. However, there is a risk that professional boundaries may become blurred due to the perceived closeness of this relationship.ObjectiveThis systematic review sought to explore the experiences of nephrology clinicians in establishing and maintaining a professional relationship with people experiencing end‐stage kidney disease who are receiving HD treatment.MethodA search strategy was created using JBI systematic review guidelines for six databases (PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library and JBI library). Qualitative studies were eligible for inclusion when the participants were nephrology clinicians who provided HD treatment or management of patients in a hospital outpatient HD unit or a community HD centre.ResultsThree studies met the inclusion criteria and the findings were synthesised into two themes (1) establishing a professional relationship and (2) coping mechanisms. All three studies focused on nephrology clinicians realising the importance of treating patients as individuals. Nephrology clinicians demonstrated advanced communication skills, empathy and compassion when interacting with patients, which seemed to contribute to patient satisfaction. This systematic review found some qualitative evidence to explain how nephrology clinicians establish and maintain a professional clinician–patient relationship with patients in the HD unit.ConclusionThis review highlighted a significant gap in research concerning the trajectory of the clinician–patient relationship across all members of the renal multidisciplinary health care team.
The significance of early breastfeeding experiences on breastfeeding self‐efficacy one week postpartum
Authors: Nilsson Ingrid M. S. , Kronborg Hanne , Rahbek Keren , Strandberg‐Larsen Katrine 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMany new mothers do not reach their breastfeeding goals. Breastfeeding self‐efficacy is a modifiable determinant influenced by prior and new breastfeeding experiences. More knowledge about factors associated with early breastfeeding experiences and breastfeeding self‐efficacy would allow us to qualify breastfeeding counselling and increase breastfeeding duration. This study aimed to identify prevalence and factors associated with early negative breastfeeding experience, low breastfeeding self‐efficacy in the first week postpartum, and drop in self‐efficacy from late pregnancy to early postpartum period. A prospective longitudinal study was performed in Denmark from 2013 to 2014, including 2, 804 mothers.Results showed that 1 week postpartum almost 10% of mothers had negative breastfeeding experiences, 36% had low breastfeeding self‐efficacy, and 26% drop in self‐efficacy from pregnancy. Negative breastfeeding experiences were significantly associated with epidural analgesia, interrupted skin‐to‐skin contact immediately postpartum, short previous breastfeeding duration, and lacking social support. Low breastfeeding self‐efficacy was associated with low breastfeeding intention, short previous breastfeeding duration, and negative breastfeeding experiences in the first week postpartum. Finally, significant associations of drop in breastfeeding self‐efficacy from late pregnancy were no or short education, early negative breastfeeding experiences, prior short breastfeeding duration, and low general breastfeeding self‐efficacy in pregnancy. Negative breastfeeding experiences in the first week postpartum is crucial for maternal breastfeeding self‐efficacy 1 week following birth. It is important to identify and support mothers at risk of negative breastfeeding experiences in the first week following birth and address factors that might increase the probability of early successful breastfeeding experiences.
Sex‐specific telomere length and dynamics in relation to age and reproductive success in Cory’s shearwaters
Authors: Bauch Christina , Gatt Marie Claire , Granadeiro José Pedro , Verhulst Simon , Catry Paulo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIndividuals in free‐living animal populations generally differ substantially in reproductive success, lifespan and other fitness‐related traits, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this variation are poorly understood. Telomere length and dynamics are candidate traits explaining this variation, as long telomeres predict a higher survival probability and telomere loss has been shown to reflect experienced “life stress.” However, telomere dynamics among very long‐lived species are unresolved. Additionally, it is generally not well understood how telomeres relate to reproductive success or sex. We measured telomere length and dynamics in erythrocytes to assess their relationship to age, sex and reproduction in Cory's shearwaters (Calonectris borealis), a long‐lived seabird, in the context of a long‐term study. Adult males had on average 231 bp longer telomeres than females, independent of age. In females, telomere length changed relatively little with age, whereas male telomere length declined significantly. Telomere shortening within males from one year to the next was three times higher than the interannual shortening rate based on cross‐sectional data of males. Past long‐term reproductive success was sex‐specifically reflected in age‐corrected telomere length: males with on average high fledgling production were characterized by shorter telomeres, whereas successful females had longer telomeres, and we discuss hypotheses that may explain this contrast. In conclusion, telomere length and dynamics in relation to age and reproduction are sex‐dependent in Cory's shearwaters and these findings contribute to our understanding of what characterises individual variation in fitness.
Wage‐led versus profit‐led demand: A comprehensive empirical analysis
Authors: Oyvat Cem , Öztunalı Oğuz , Elgin Ceyhun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study investigates various economic factors’ impact in determining the relationship between functional income distribution and aggregate demand from both a theoretical and an empirical viewpoint. We base our analysis on a demand‐driven growth model for an open economy that allows for either profit‐led or wage‐led regimes. Our results strongly indicate that a higher level of trade openness is associated with a lower probability of being wage‐led. We find evidence that lower wage inequality makes an economy more wage‐led and that countries with a greater private credit‐to‐gross domestic product (GDP) ratio are more likely to be profit‐led.
Aquinas, Darwin and Natural Law: Teleology and Immutability of Species
Authors: Pienaar Sebastiana 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNatural Law theory is the theory that nature has built within it a set of objective norms or laws which are universally applicable and can be discovered by reason. It is derived from nature rather than from the rules of society in determining an objectivist moral theory. It has a long history of tradition beginning with the ancient Greeks and Romans up to the present day.The purpose of this essay is to argue Darwin's theory of natural law can be accommodated by Aquinas’ theory of natural law. The secondary literature of both figures is vast and changing, but this essay will mostly be restricted to looking at their primary texts on the topic. From this, it will be evident they shared many thoughts in common – the primary one being that morality begins with biology. There are objections to the compatibility of their theories, but space restricts me to addressing only two of them: teleology and immutability of species.
Understanding cortical pain perception in humans
Authors: Tobimatsu Shozo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPain is a conscious experience and a highly subjective sensation with a complex and often non‐linear relationship between nociceptive input and pain perception. Our understanding of the neural correlates of pain perception in humans has increased significantly since the advent of neuroimaging. Relating neural activity changes to the varied pain experiences has led to the concept that cognition, emotion, context, and injury can separately influence pain perception. In this mini review, the current concept of the central pain mechanism (CPM) is described. First, the concept of the “pain matrix” is stated: Nociceptive stimuli elicit responses in an extensive cortical network including somatosensory, insular, and cingulate areas, as well as frontal and parietal areas. Then, electrophysiological assessments of the CPM are reviewed based on the literature and our recent studies. In particular, supraspinal (cortical) mechanisms for pain perception and pain relief are outlined. The insular cortex has key roles in sensory‐associated as well as cognitive‐associated processing for pain perception.
A QTL atlas for grain yield and its component traits in maize (Zea mays)
Authors: Zhou Zhipeng , Li Guoliang , Tan Siyu , Li Dongdong , Weiß Thea Mi , Wang Xiangfeng , Chen Shaojiang , Würschum Tobias , Liu Wenxin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGrain yield and its component traits are essential targets in maize breeding. These traits are genetically complex and controlled by a large number of quantitative trait loci (QTL). The aim of this study was to compile reported QTL and major genes for grain yield and its component traits in a QTL atlas, as a valuable resource for the maize community. To this end, 1,177 QTL related to maize yield were collected from 56 studies published between 1992 and 2018. These QTL were projected to genetic map “IBM2 2008 Neighbors”, which led to the identification of 135 meta‐QTL. Some genomic regions appear to be hotspots for yield‐related meta‐QTL, often affecting more than one of the investigated traits. Moreover, we catalogued 20 major maize loci associated with yield and identified 65 maize homologs of 21 rice yield‐related genes. Interestingly, we found that a significant proportion of them are located in meta‐QTL regions. Collectively, this study provides a reference for QTL fine‐mapping and gene cloning, as well as for molecular marker‐assisted breeding of yield‐related traits in maize.
Genome‐wide association mapping and genomic prediction of Fusarium head blight resistance, heading stage and plant height in winter rye (Secale cereale)
Authors: Gaikpa David Sewordor , Koch Silvia , Fromme Franz Joachim , Siekmann Dörthe , Würschum Tobias , Miedaner Thomas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRye is a multi‐purpose cereal crop grown in Central and Eastern Europe as well as in Western Canada. Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the diseases that have a severe negative impact on rye, but knowledge about FHB resistance at the genomic level is totally missing in rye. The objective of this study was to elucidate the genetic architecture of FHB resistance in winter rye using genome‐wide association (GWA) mapping complemented by genomic prediction (GP) in comparison with marker‐assisted selection (MAS). Additionally, plant height and heading stage were analysed. A panel of 465 S1‐inbred lines of winter rye was phenotyped in three environments (location–year combinations) for FHB resistance by inoculation with Fusarium culmorum and genotyped with a 15k SNP array. Significant genotypic variation and high heritabilities were found for FHB resistance, heading stage and plant height. FHB did not correlate with heading stage, but was moderately correlated with plant height (r = −.52, p < .001) caused by some susceptible short inbred lines. The GWA scan identified 15 QTL for FHB resistance that jointly explained 74% of the genotypic variance. In addition, we detected 11 QTL for heading stage and 8 QTL for plant height, explaining 26% and 14% of the genotypic variance, respectively. A genome‐wide prediction approach resulted in 44% higher prediction abilities than marker‐assisted selection for FHB resistance. In conclusion, genomic approaches appear promising to improve and accelerate breeding for complex traits in winter rye.
Empathic accuracy and cognitions during conflict: An in‐depth analysis of understanding scores
Authors: Hinnekens Céline , Sillars Alan , Verhofstadt Lesley L. , Ickes William 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEmpathic accuracy research indicates that partners achieve only moderate success at reading each other's thoughts. The current study identifies specific patterns of online thought that contribute to empathic inaccuracy during conflict interactions. Married/cohabiting partners completed a conflict interaction and reported their own thoughts during video‐assisted recall of the interaction, also inferring the thoughts of the other partner. Content analysis of these online thoughts demonstrated a high degree of mindfulness about the process of communication, along with a perspective bias, in which partners tended to construe their own communication as constructive and the other partner's communication as avoidant and confrontational. Specific mind‐reading errors linked to both the thematic content and affective tone of online thought predicted lower overall empathic accuracy.