bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ensemble Learning Models Based on Noninvasive Features for Type 2 Diabetes Screening: Model Development and Validation
Authors: Yang Tianzhou , Zhang Li , Yi Liwei , Feng Huawei , Li Shimeng , Chen Haoyu , Zhu Junfeng , Zhao Jian , Zeng Yingyue , Liu Hongsheng 
Published: February 2020

Background
Early diabetes screening can effectively reduce the burden of disease. However, natural population–based screening projects require a large number of resources. With the emergence and development of machine learning, researchers have started to pursue more flexible and efficient methods to screen or predict type 2 diabetes.

Objective
The aim of this study was to build prediction models based on the ensemble learning method for diabetes screening to further improve the health status of the population in a noninvasive and inexpensive manner.

Methods
The dataset for building and evaluating the diabetes prediction model was extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2011-2016. After data cleaning and feature selection, the dataset was split into a training set (80%, 2011-2014), test set (20%, 2011-2014) and validation set (2015-2016). Three simple machine learning methods (linear discriminant analysis, support vector machine, and random forest) and easy ensemble methods were used to build diabetes prediction models. The performance of the models was evaluated through 5-fold cross-validation and external validation. The Delong test (2-sided) was used to test the performance differences between the models.

Results
We selected 8057 observations and 12 attributes from the database. In the 5-fold cross-validation, the three simple methods yielded highly predictive performance models with areas under the curve (AUCs) over 0.800, wherein the ensemble methods significantly outperformed the simple methods. When we evaluated the models in the test set and validation set, the same trends were observed. The ensemble model of linear discriminant analysis yielded the best performance, with an AUC of 0.849, an accuracy of 0.730, a sensitivity of 0.819, and a specificity of 0.709 in the validation set.

Conclusions
This study indicates that efficient screening using machine learning methods with noninvasive tests can be applied to a large population and achieve the objective of secondary prevention.
The Longitudinal Influence of Social Determinants of Health on Glycemic Control in Elderly Adults With Diabetes
Authors: Walker Rebekah J. , Garacci Emma , Palatnik Anna , Ozieh Mukoso N. , Egede Leonard E. 
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to understand the longitudinal relationship between financial, psychosocial, and neighborhood social determinants and glycemic control (HbA1c) in older adults with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Data from 2,662 individuals with self-reported diabetes who participated in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) were used. Participants were followed from 2006 through 2014. Financial hardship, psychosocial, and neighborhood-level social determinant factors were based on validated surveys from the biennial core interview and RAND data sets. All social determinant factors and measurements of HbA1c from the time period were used and treated as time varying in analyses. SAS PROC GLIMMIX was used to fit a series of hierarchical linear mixed models. Models controlled for nonindependence among the repeated observations using a random intercept and treating each individual participant as a random factor. Survey methods were used to apply HRS weighting.

RESULTS
Before adjustment for demographics, difficulty paying bills (β = 0.18 [95% CI 0.02, 0.24]) and medication cost nonadherence (0.15 [0.01, 0.29]) were independently associated with increasing HbA1c over time, and social cohesion (−0.05 [−0.10, −0.001]) was independently associated with decreasing HbA1c over time. After adjusting for both demographics and comorbidity count, difficulty paying bills (0.13 [0.03, 0.24]) and religiosity (0.04 [0.001, 0.08]) were independently associated with increasing HbA1c over time.

CONCLUSIONS
Using a longitudinal cohort of older adults with diabetes, this study found that financial hardship factors, such as difficulty paying bills, were more consistently associated with worsening glycemic control over time than psychosocial and neighborhood factors.
Professional Competence, Institutional Support and Documentation of Indigenous Knowledge Resources in Libraries in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Lazarus Gift N. , Unegbu Vincent E. , Opeke Roseline O. 
Published: February 2020

This study investigated how professional competence and institutional support influence the documentation of existing indigenous knowledge in libraries in Lagos State, Nigeria. The research adopted a survey research design. A total of 245 librarians and paraprofessionals in academic, National Library of Nigeria (NLN) and Lagos State Library Board (LSLB) libraries in Lagos State constituted the sample of the study. The population included the management staff and directors of public and academic libraries. Data were collected through questionnaire while descriptive and inferential statistics were employed respectively in analysis of the data obtained. Findings revealed that processes of documentation of IK are acquisition, codification, organization, storage and preservation. Professional competences for documentation of IK are educational qualification, understanding the source of IK, ability to locate IK resources, possession of knowledge of ICT skills. Major institutional support for documentation of IK in libraries in Lagos State is adequate funding, motivation, facilitative policy and staff training. From the result of the study, it was recommended, among others, that library management should make more provision for regular training and retraining of librarians.Keywords: Documentation, Indigenous knowledge, Professional competence, Institutional support, Nigeria
Sleep-disordered breathing in cystic fibrosis pediatric subjects
Authors: Lumertz Magali Santos , Pinto Leonardo Araujo 
Published: February 2020

Objectives To describe the frequency of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in pediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) and to study associations between polysomnographic respiratory parameters and available clinical information.
Methods This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study. The sample data were obtained from information recorded on patient charts in 2015 and 2016. The study included all individuals with CF aged from 2 to 20 years for whom records were available for polysomnography performed within the previous two years.
Results Sixteen individuals with CF (mean age 11 ± 5.6 years old) were included. Polysomnographic respiratory parameter abnormalities were defined as an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) exceeding one event per hour of sleep or an oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2) nadir below 90%; observed in 10 subjects (62.5%). Forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1) was correlated (r=0.602, p=0.023) with mean sleep SpO2. FEV1 was also negatively correlated with sleep peak end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtpCO2) (r=-0.645, p=0.024). Additionally, chronic airway colonization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa was associated with mean EtpCO2 in non-REM sleep (p=0.024).
Discussion SDB was frequently observed in this sample of children with CF. There was an association between CF respiratory disease progression markers and sleep breathing parameters in children. Sleep studies appear to be an important tool for assessment of the respiratory status of these individuals with CF, although further studies are needed, especially with carbon dioxide sleep analysis.
Molecular Probe Crossing Blood–Brain Barrier for Bimodal Imaging–Guided Photothermal/Photodynamic Therapies of Intracranial Glioblastoma
Authors: Li Bo , Xiao Hong , Cai Mingyue , Li Xiaoxia , Xu Xiaolin , Wang Shiyin , Huang Si , Wang Yong , Cheng Du , Pang Pengfei , Shan Hong , Shuai Xintao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCurrently, treatment of intracranial diseases still remains a great challenge because the blood–brain barrier (BBB) blocks access of most drugs to the central nervous system. Herein, a theranostic small molecular probe, iRGD‐ICG‐Lys‐DTPA@Gd (iRGD‐ILD), capable of crossing BBB is developed. Owing to the small molecular size and αvβ3 integrin receptor–mediated transcytosis, this tailor‐made molecular probe integrating the fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging functions effectively passes through BBB to target tumor cells even in the early stage of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), thereby allowing a bimodal imaging–guided therapy of GBM. The reactive oxygen species and heat generated by the ICG moiety under the 808 nm laser irradiation exert photodynamic/photothermal therapeutic effects, which results in significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged median survival of C6‐Luc glioma‐bearing mice. Notably, the integration of FDA‐approved clinically available agents, e.g., ICG, DTPA and Gd, into a molecular probe may ensure desirable biocompatibility and biosafety for in vivo applications. Overall, the results highlight the potential of a water‐soluble small molecule as a novel theranostic probe for highly effective GBM treatment.
Flexible Drug Release Device Powered by Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Liu Guoxu , Xu Shaohang , Liu Yaoyao , Gao Yuyu , Tong Tong , Qi Youchao , Zhang Chi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDrug release devices of small molecules are widely used in cell stimulation, drug delivery, and microenvironment regulation. Herein, a flexible drug release device (FDRD) powered by a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is demonstrated, that has the superiority of low power consumption, flexible structure, and controllable release. In the self‐powered FDRD, the TENG can effectively harvest and transfer biomechanical energy into electricity. With a power management module, the TENG can provide a steady voltage supply for sustainable drug release, and the unique switchable wettability of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) films in Na2SO4 aqueous solutions can be regulated. The UV–vis absorption spectra of small molecules including methylene blue, fluorescein sodium, and rhodamine 6G released from the FDRD can be observed and recorded in real time. Furthermore, the releasing rate of conventional salicylic acid with the effect of removing cutin, sterilizing, and diminishing inflammation is also recorded in Na2SO4 aqueous solution. With the advantages of flexible structure, and controllable and sustainable release, the self‐powered FDRD is expected to find great potential in wearable medical devices, drug controllable release, and self‐powered therapy.
Ultrastretchable Helical Conductive Fibers Using Percolated Ag Nanoparticle Networks Encapsulated by Elastic Polymers with High Durability in Omnidirectional Deformations for Wearable Electronics
Authors: Woo Janghoon , Lee Hyeokjun , Yi Changyoon , Lee Jaehong , Won Chihyeong , Oh Saehyuck , Jekal Janghwan , Kwon Chaebeen , Lee Sanggeun , Song Jaekang , Choi Byungwoo , Jang Kyung‐In , Lee Taeyoon 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStretchable interconnects with invariable conductivity and complete elasticity, which return to their original shape without morphological hysteresis, are attractive for the development of stretchable electronics. In this study, a polydimethylsiloxane‐coated multifilament polyurethane‐based helical conductive fiber is developed. The stretchable helical fibers exhibit remarkable electrical performance under stretching, negligible electrical and mechanical hysteresis, and high electrical reliability under repetitive deformation (10 000 cycles of stretching with 100% strain). The resistance of the helical fibers barely increases until the applied strain reaches the critical strain, which is based on the helical diameter of each fiber. According to finite element analysis, uniform stress distribution is maintained in the helical fibers even under full stretching, owing to the fibers' true helix structure. In addition, the stretchable helical fibers have the ability to completely return to their original shapes even after being fully compressed in the vertical direction. Cylinder‐shaped connecting pieces made using 3D printing are designed for stable connection between the helical fibers and commercial components. A deformable light‐emitting diode (LED) array and biaxially stretchable LED display are fabricated using helical fibers. A skin‐mountable band‐type oximeter with helical fiber‐based electrodes is also fabricated and used to demonstrate real‐time detection of cardiac activities and analysis of brain activities.
3,4‐Dicyanothiophene—a Versatile Building Block for Efficient Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Bo , Yu Yonggao , Zhou Jiadong , Wang Zhenfeng , Tang Haoran , Xie Shenkun , Xie Zengqi , Hu Liuyong , Yip Hin‐Lap , Ye Long , Ade Harald , Liu Zhitian , He Zhicai , Duan Chunhui , Huang Fei , Cao Yong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this contribution, a versatile building block, 3,4‐dicyanothiophene (DCT), which possesses structural simplicity and synthetic accessibility for constructing high‐performance, low‐cost, wide‐bandgap conjugated polymers for use as donors in polymer solar cells (PSCs), is reported. A prototype polymer, PB3TCN‐C66, and its cyano‐free analogue polymer PB3T‐C66, are synthesized to evaluate the potential of using DCT in nonfullerene PSCs. A stronger aggregation property in solution, higher thermal transition temperatures with higher enthalpies, a larger dipole moment, higher relative dielectric constant, and more linear conformation are exhibited by PB3TCN‐C66. Solar cells employing IT‐4F as the electron acceptor offer power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 11.2% and 2.3% for PB3TCN‐C66 and PB3T‐C66, respectively. Morphological characterizations reveal that the PB3TCN‐C66:IT‐4F blend exhibits better π–π paracrystallinity, a contracted domain size, and higher phase purity, consistent with its higher molecular interaction parameter, derived from thermodynamic calculations. Moreover, PB3TCN‐C66 offers a higher open‐circuit voltage and reduced energy loss than most state‐of‐the‐art wide‐bandgap polymers, without the need of additional electron‐withdrawing substituents. Two additional polymers derived from DCT also demonstrate promising performance with a higher PCE of 13.4% being achieved. Thus, DCT represents a versatile and promising building block for constructing high‐performance, low‐cost, conjugated polymers for application in PSCs.
Self‐Imaging Effect Based on Airy Beams with Quadratic Phase Modulation
Authors: Zhan Kaiyun , Jiao Ruiyun , Wang Jing , Zhang Wenqian , Yang Zhendong , Liu Bing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe self‐imaging effect based on Airy beams with quadratic phase modulation (QPM) in 1 + 1 and 2 + 1 dimensions is studied both numerically and analytically. It is demonstrated that, in spite of spatial spectral shape being kept invariant, both the intensity pattern and the accelerating trajectory of this self‐imaging effect depend considerably on the QPM. When the QPM parameter is negative, the self‐imaging accelerating wave exhibits deceleration and then acceleration, and the self‐imaging scope can be expanded. In the opposite case, the self‐imaging extent would be narrowed and the self‐imaging accelerating wave will only accelerate during propagation. Numerical simulations agree with the theoretical results very well. This study shows the possibility of controlling the self‐imaging effect based on 1D and circular Airy beams, by purposely choosing appropriate QPM parameters.
An Ultra‐Long‐Life Lithium‐Rich Li1.2Mn0.6Ni0.2O2 Cathode by Three‐in‐One Surface Modification for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ding Xiaokai , Luo Dong , Cui Jiaxiang , Xie Huixian , Ren Qingqing , Lin Zhan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractVoltage decay and capacity fading are the main challenges for the commercialization of Li‐rich Mn‐based layered oxides (LLOs). Now, a three‐in‐one surface treatment is designed via the pyrolysis of urea to improve the voltage and capacity stability of Li1.2Mn0.6Ni0.2O2 (LMNO), by which oxygen vacancies, spinel phase integration, and N‐doped carbon nanolayers are synchronously built on the surface of LMNO microspheres. Oxygen vacancies and spinel phase integration suppress irreversible O2 release and help lithium ion diffusion, while N‐doped carbon nanolayer mitigates the corrosion of electrolyte with excellent conductivity. The electrochemical performance of LMNO after the treatment improves significantly; the capacity retention rate after 500 cycles at 1 C is still as high as 89.9 % with a very small voltage fading rate of 1.09 mV cycle−1. This three‐in‐one surface treatment strategy can suppress the voltage decay and capacity fading of LLOs.
In situ filling of SiO2 nanospheres into PTFE by sol–gel as a highly wear‐resistant nanocomposite
Authors: Shi Guojun , Wang Qiuyi , Sun Tao , Yan Xiaotian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn situ filling of nanomaterials into polymers facilitates the dispersion of the nanofillers and their interface combination with the matrices, and reduces the agglomeration encountered in the nanocomposites prepared by a mechanical mixing method. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) nanocomposites filled with SiO2 nanospheres (SNS) were fabricated by an in situ sol–gel method in this paper. The SNS in situ filled was highly dispersed in PTFE and showed an excellent combination with the matrix, and the fabricated SNS/PTFE nanocomposites were found a pronounced improvement in stiffness, hardness, glass transition temperature, and hydrophobicity in comparison with the pristine PTFE and the ones prepared by mechanical mixing with the same content. Furthermore, significantly reduced coefficients of friction and volume wear rates were observed on the SNS/PTFE nanocomposites prepared by in situ sol–gel. An operating temperature high up to 200°C and very low volume wear rate were accessible on the optimized SNS/PTFE nanocomposite by in situ filling. The methodology, in situ filling of nanofillers into matrices, might pave a way to prepare nanocomposites with excellent mechanical, thermal, and tribological properties.
Integrating CuO−Fe2O3 Nanocomposites and Supramolecular Assemblies of Phenazine for Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Kaur Lovjot , Deol Harnimarta , Kumar Manoj , Bhalla Vandana 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA photoredox catalytic ensemble consisting of CuO‐Fe2O3 nanocomposites and oligomeric derivative of phenazine has been developed. The prepared system acts as an efficient photoredox catalyst for C−N bond formation reaction via SET mechanism under ‘green’ conditions (aerial environment, mixed aqueous media, recyclable), requiring less equivalents of base and amine substrate. The present study demonstrates the significant role of supramolecular assemblies as photooxidants and reductants upon irradiation and their important contribution towards the activation of the metallic centre through energy transfer and electron transfer pathways. The potential of oligomer 4: CuO‐Fe2O3 has also been explored for C−C bond formation reactions via the Sonogashira protocol.
Long‐term ungrounded cable support for short‐to‐shield syndrome
Authors: Ayers Brian , Cheyne Christina , Wood Katherine , Quinlan Amy , Dick Sara , Vidula Himabindu , Alexis Jeffrey , Barrus Bryan , Prasad Sunil , Gosev Igor 
Published: February 2020

AbstractShort‐to‐shield (STS) is a potential complication for left ventricular assist device (LVAD) patients supported by the HeartMate II (HMII) pump. This phenomenon occurs when a damaged internal wire within the driveline makes contact with the surrounding sheath, resulting in insufficient power delivery to the motor when connected to a grounded power base unit (PBU). An ungrounded cable can be used to negate these effects, but the long‐term safety of this treatment strategy is unknown. In this case series, we present our institutional experience treating 17 STS patients with an ungrounded cable. In total, we present 4922 patient‐days (13.4 patient‐years) of ungrounded cable support after primary STS treatment. There were no deaths or complications related to STS. These data suggest that the long‐term use of an ungrounded cable is a reasonable treatment option for patients who cannot or do not wish to undergo pump exchange or splice repair.
A four‐compartment multiscale model of fluid and drug distribution in vascular tumours
Authors: Shipley Rebecca J. , Sweeney Paul W. , Chapman Stephen J. , Roose Tiina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe subtle relationship between vascular network structure and mass transport is vital to predict and improve the efficacy of anticancer treatments. Here, mathematical homogenisation is used to derive a new multiscale continuum model of blood and chemotherapy transport in the vasculature and interstitium of a vascular tumour. This framework enables information at a range of vascular hierarchies to be fed into an effective description on the length scale of the tumour. The model behaviour is explored through a demonstrative case study of a simplified representation of a dorsal skinfold chamber, to examine the role of vascular network architecture in influencing fluid and drug perfusion on the length scale of the chamber. A single parameter, P, is identified that relates tumour‐scale fluid perfusion to the permeability and density of the capillary bed. By fixing the topological and physiological properties of the arteriole and venule networks, an optimal value for P is identified, which maximises tumour fluid transport and is thus hypothesised to benefit chemotherapy delivery. We calculate the values for P for eight explicit network structures; in each case, vascular intervention by either decreasing the permeability or increasing the density of the capillary network would increase fluid perfusion through the cancerous tissue. Chemotherapeutic strategies are compared and indicate that single injection is consistently more successful compared with constant perfusion, and the model predicts optimal timing of a second dose. These results highlight the potential of computational modelling to elucidate the link between vascular architecture and fluid, drug distribution in tumours.
Adaptation and resistance: washback effects of the national test on upper secondary Swedish teaching
Authors: Larsson Maria , Olin‐Scheller Christina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study examines the washback effects of a national test in Swedish at upper secondary schools. The test consists of three parts—reading, writing and speaking—and this study specifically focuses on the washback effects in relation to Stephen Ball’s theory of policy enactment. The study draws on qualitative data from a total of 21 interviews conducted with five teachers of Swedish in upper secondary education in a series of four individual interviews and a concluding group interview. The results indicate that the reading comprehension test has had little washback effect on reading instruction whereas the writing and the oral tests seem to have had a substantial washback effect. The teachers also exhibit what Ball refers to as resistance and capitulation in relation to the national test, and to the reading comprehension test in particular.