bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow and vorticity with varying chemical potential in relativistic heavy ion collisions
Authors: Saha Abhisek , Sanyal Soma 
Published: February 2020

We study the vorticity patterns in relativistic heavy ion collisions with respect to the collision energy. The collision energy is related to the chemical potential used in the thermal — statistical models that assume approximate chemical equilibrium after the relativistic collision. We use the multiphase transport model (AMPT) to study the vorticity in the initial parton phase as well as the final hadronic phase of the relativistic heavy ion collision. We find that as the chemical potential increases, the vortices are larger in size. Using different definitions of vorticity, we find that vorticity plays a greater role at lower collision energies than at higher collision energies. We also look at other effects of the flow patterns related to the shear viscosity at different collision energies. We find that the shear viscosity obtained is almost a constant with a small decrease at higher collision energies. We also look at the elliptic flow as it is related to viscous effects in the final stages after the collision. Our results indicate that the viscosity plays a greater role at higher chemical potential and lower collision energies.
Hypomethylation-Linked Activation of PLCE1 Impedes Autophagy and Promotes Tumorigenesis through MDM2-Mediated Ubiquitination and Destabilization of p53
Authors: Chen Yunzhao , Xin Huahua , Peng Hao , Shi Qi , Li Menglu , Yu Jie , Tian Yanxia , Han Xueping , Chen Xi , Zheng Yi , Li Jun , Yang Zhihao , Yang Lan , Hu Jianming , Huang Xuan , Liu Zheng , Huang Xiaoxi , Zhou Hong , Cui Xiaobin , Li Feng 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the deadliest malignant diseases. Multiple studies with large clinic-based cohorts have revealed that variations of phospholipase C epsilon 1 (PLCE1) correlate with esophageal cancer susceptibility. However, the causative role of PLCE1 in ESCC has remained elusive. Here, we observed that hypomethylation-mediated upregulation of PLCE1 expression was implicated in esophageal carcinogenesis and poor prognosis in ESCC cohorts. PLCE1 inhibited cell autophagy and suppressed the protein expression of p53 and various p53-targeted genes in ESCC. Moreover, PLCE1 decreased the half-life of p53 and promoted p53 ubiquitination, whereas it increased the half-life of mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) and inhibited its ubiquitination, leading to MDM2 stabilization. Mechanistically, the function of PLCE1 correlated with its direct binding to both p53 and MDM2, which promoted MDM2-dependent ubiquitination of p53 and subsequent degradation in vitro. Consequently, knockdown of PLCE1 combined with transfection of a recombinant adenoviral vector encoding wild-type p53 resulted in significantly increased levels of autophagy and apoptosis of esophageal cancer in vivo. Clinically, the upregulation of PLCE1 and mutant p53 protein predicted poor overall survival of patients with ESCC, and PLCE1 was positively correlated with p53 in ESCC cohorts. Collectively, this work identified an essential role for PLCE1- and MDM2-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of p53 in inhibiting ESCC autophagy and indicates that targeting the PLCE1–MDM2–p53 axis may provide a novel therapeutic approach for ESCC.

Significance:
These findings identify hypomethylation-mediated activation of PLCE1 as a potential oncogene that blocks cellular autophagy of esophageal carcinoma by facilitating the MDM2-dependent ubiquitination of p53 and subsequent degradation.
Revisiting Immunotherapy: A Focus on Prostate Cancer
Authors: Cha Ha-Ram , Lee Joo Hyoung , Ponnazhagan Selvarangan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Therapeutic interventions to harness the immune system against tumor cells have provided mixed results in the past for several solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. However, immunotherapy has advanced considerably over the last decade and is becoming an integral combination for treating patients with advanced solid tumors. In particular, prostate cancer immunotherapy has shown modest efficacy for patients in the past. With several key discoveries on immune mechanisms and advanced molecular diagnostic platforms recently, immunotherapy is re-emerging as a viable option for prostate cancer, especially castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), to stimulate antitumor immunity. Combination of patient-tailored immunotherapy and immune checkpoint blockers with conventional cytotoxic agents and androgen receptor–targeted therapies should move the field forward. With a recent adaptation that the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors has been successful in the treatment of more than a dozen solid tumors, including melanoma, lymphoma, liver, cervical, gastrointestinal, and breast cancers, it is a timely endeavor to harness immunotherapy for prostate cancer. Here, we provide an account on the progression of immunotherapy with new discoveries and precision approaches for tumors, in particular CRPC, from mechanistic standpoint to emerging limitations and future directions.
A Tale of Two Diverse Qualtrics Samples: Information for Online Survey Researchers
Authors: Miller Carrie A. , Guidry Jeanine P.D. , Dahman Bassam , Thomson Maria D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground:There is often a lack of transparency in research using online panels related to recruitment methods and sample derivation. The purpose of this study was to describe the recruitment and participation of respondents from two disparate surveys derived from the same online research panel using quota sampling.Methods:A commercial survey sampling and administration company, Qualtrics, was contracted to recruit participants and implement two Internet-based surveys. The first survey targeted adults aged 50 to 75 years and used sampling quotas to obtain diversity with respect to household income and race/ethnicity. The second focused on women aged 18 to 49 years and utilized quota sampling to achieve a geographically balanced sample.Results:A racially and economically diverse sample of older adults (n = 419) and a geographically diverse sample of younger women (n = 530) were acquired relatively quickly (within 12 and 4 days, respectively). With exception of the highest income level, quotas were implemented as requested. Recruitment of older adults took longer (vs. younger female adults). Although survey completion rates were reasonable in both studies, there were inconsistencies in the proportion of incomplete survey responses and quality fails.Conclusions:Cancer researchers, and researchers in general, should consider ways to leverage the use of online panels for future studies. To optimize novel and innovative strategies, researchers should proactively ask questions about panels and carefully consider the strengths and drawbacks of online survey features including quota sampling and forced response.Impact:Results provide practical insights for cancer researchers developing future online surveys and recruitment protocols.See all articles in this CEBP Focus section, “Modernizing Population Science.”
Population-Based Registry Linkages to Improve Validity of Electronic Health Record–Based Cancer Research
Authors: Thompson Caroline A. , Jin Anqi , Luft Harold S. , Lichtensztajn Daphne Y. , Allen Laura , Liang Su-Ying , Schumacher Benjamin T. , Gomez Scarlett Lin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background:
There is tremendous potential to leverage the value gained from integrating electronic health records (EHR) and population-based cancer registry data for research. Registries provide diagnosis details, tumor characteristics, and treatment summaries, while EHRs contain rich clinical detail. A carefully conducted cancer registry linkage may also be used to improve the internal and external validity of inferences made from EHR-based studies.

Methods:
We linked the EHRs of a large, multispecialty, mixed-payer health care system with the statewide cancer registry and assessed the validity of our linked population. For internal validity, we identify patients that might be “missed” in a linkage, threatening the internal validity of an EHR study population. For generalizability, we compared linked cases with all other cancer patients in the 22-county EHR catchment region.

Results:
From an EHR population of 4.5 million, we identified 306,554 patients with cancer, 26% of the catchment region patients with cancer; 22.7% of linked patients were diagnosed with cancer after they migrated away from our health care system highlighting an advantage of system-wide linkage. We observed demographic differences between EHR patients and non-EHR patients in the surrounding region and demonstrated use of selection probabilities with model-based standardization to improve generalizability.

Conclusions:
Our experiences set the foundation to encourage and inform researchers interested in working with EHRs for cancer research as well as provide context for leveraging linkages to assess and improve validity and generalizability.

Impact:
Researchers conducting linkages may benefit from considering one or more of these approaches to establish and evaluate the validity of their EHR-based populations.
See all articles in this CEBP Focus section, “Modernizing Population Science.”
Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring to Motivate Physical Activity in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Pilot Study
Authors: Liao Yue , Basen-Engquist Karen M. , Urbauer Diana L. , Bevers Therese B. , Hawk Ernest , Schembre Susan M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background:
Regular physical activity (PA) is associated with a lower risk of several types of cancers. However, two-thirds of overweight/obese adults are not sufficiently active; this, in combination with the unfavorable effect of excess body weight, puts them at a greater risk for cancer. One reason that these individuals do not engage in enough PA may be their lack of motivation to change their current behavior due to the perception of putting in effort for possible future gain without obvious short-term benefits. There is a need for innovative ways to help individuals recognize the immediate health benefits of PA and thus increase their motivation.

Methods:
This pilot intervention tested a PA education module that included a one-on-one counseling session highlighting the acute effects of PA on glucose patterns, followed by a 10-day self-monitoring period with a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) and a Fitbit tracker. Participants rated the acceptability of the education module on a 5-point Likert scale and completed surveys assessing stages of change for motivational readiness.

Results:
Nineteen overweight/obese adults (84% female) completed the study. Participants gave high ratings to the counseling session for improving their PA-related knowledge (mean = 4.22), increasing motivation (mean = 4.29), and providing personally relevant information (mean = 4.35). The summary acceptability scores for the self-monitoring period were 4.46 for CGM and 4.51 for Fitbit. Participants reported a significant decrease in the precontemplation stage and an increase in the action stage (P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions:
CGM is a feasible tool for PA interventions.

Impact:
Information from CGM could be used as biological-based feedback to motivate PA.
See all articles in this CEBP Focus section, “Modernizing Population Science.”
Assessing Cancer Treatment Information Using Medicare and Hospital Discharge Data among Women with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in a Los Angeles County Case–Control Study
Authors: Zhong Charlie , Seibold Petra , Chao Chun R. , Cozen Wendy , Song Joo Y. , Weisenburger Dennis , Bernstein Leslie , Wang Sophia S. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background:
We assessed the ability to supplement existing epidemiologic/etiologic studies with data on treatment and clinical outcomes by linking to publicly available cancer registry and administrative databases.

Methods:
Medical records were retrieved and abstracted for cases enrolled in a Los Angeles County case–control study of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Cases were linked to the Los Angeles County cancer registry (CSP), the California state hospitalization discharge database (OSHPD), and the SEER-Medicare database. We assessed sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) of cancer treatment in linked databases, compared with medical record abstraction.

Results:
We successfully retrieved medical records for 918 of 1,004 participating NHL cases and abstracted treatment for 698. We linked 59% of cases (96% of cases &gt;65 years old) to SEER-Medicare and 96% to OSHPD. Chemotherapy was the most common treatment and best captured, with the highest sensitivity in SEER-Medicare (80%) and CSP (74%); combining all three data sources together increased sensitivity (92%), at reduced specificity (56%). Sensitivity for radiotherapy was moderate: 77% with aggregated data. Sensitivity of BMT was low in the CSP (42%), but high for the administrative databases, especially OSHPD (98%). Sensitivity for surgery reached 83% when considering all three datasets in aggregate, but PPV was 60%. In general, sensitivity and PPV for chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma were low.

Conclusions:
Chemotherapy was accurately captured by all data sources. Hospitalization data yielded the highest performance values for BMTs. Performance measures for radiotherapy and surgery were moderate.

Impact:
Various administrative databases can supplement epidemiologic studies, depending on treatment type and NHL subtype of interest.
Record of a 10-year old European Wildcat Felis silvestris silvestris Schreber, 1777 (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) from Mt. Etna, Sicily, Italy
Authors: Anile Stefano , Devillard Sebastien , Nielsen Clayton Kent , Lo Valvo Mario 
Published: February 2020

Longevity data for wild felids are lacking in the literature. Here we report a camera trap recapture of a European Wildcat Felis silvestris at Mt. Etna in Sicily, Italy after nine years. This individual was clearly identifiable as its tail ended with a white ring rather than the typical black ring and had a unique shape of the dorsal stripe. At first capture on 26 May 2009, this cat was assessed as an adult, so that the likely minimum age of this individual at the time of recapture on 10 June 2018 must have been be at least 10 years. This finding represents the oldest known European Wildcat in the wild and provides insight into age structure in wildcat populations.
Angina Hospitalization Rates in Women With Signs and Symptoms of Ischemia But no Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: A Report from the WISE (Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation) Study
Authors: Aldiwani Haider , Zaya Melody , Suppogu Nissi , Quesada Odayme , Johnson B. Delia , Mehta Puja K. , Shufelt Chrisandra , Petersen John , Azarbal Babak , Samuels Bruce , Anderson R. David , Shaw Leslee J. , Kar Saibal , Handberg Eileen , Kelsey Sheryl F. , Pepine Carl J. , Bairey Merz C. Noel 
Published: February 2020

Background
Recurrent hospitalization is prevalent in women with signs and symptoms of ischemia and no obstructive coronary artery disease. We hypothesized that rates of angina hospitalization might have changed over time, given advances in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Methods and Results

We evaluated 551 women enrolled in the WISE (Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation) study with no obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) for a follow‐up period of 9.1 years. We analyzed angina hospitalization rates using the Kaplan‐Meier method. Univariate analysis and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were developed for prediction of angina hospitalization in women with signs and symptoms of angina and no CAD. A total of 223 women had nonobstructive CAD (>20–50% <stenosis) and 328 had no CAD (<20% stenosis). Among women with either no or nonobstructive CAD, the mean age was 56±11 years, 56% had hypertension, 46% dyslipidemia, 51% were smokers, and 10% had prior myocardial infarction. The rates of angina hospitalization for a maximum of 9.1 years showed near‐linear increases in both groups (
P
=0.03). Hypertension, dyslipidemia, nonobstructive CAD, use of nitrates, statins, and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors were univariate predictors of angina hospitalization. Adjusted multivariate hazard ratios for angina hospitalization were significant for use of nitrates 2.58 (1.80–3.69,
P
<0.0001), statins 1.80 (1.20–2.70,
P
=0.004), and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers 1.81 (1.22–2.68,
P
=0.003).

Conclusions
Angina hospitalization rates continued at a relatively constant rate in all women with no obstructive CAD despite medical advances. Clinical trials aimed at reducing angina hospitalization rates and identifying the pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to angina symptoms in women with no CAD and women with no obstructive CAD.
Age‐Related Sex Differences in Clinical Presentation, Management, and Outcomes in ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Pooled Analysis of 15 532 Patients From 7 Arabian Gulf Registries
Authors: Shehab Abdulla , Bhagavathula Akshaya Srikanth , Alhabib Khalid F. , Ullah Anhar , Suwaidi Jassim Al , Almahmeed Wael , AlFaleh Hussam , Zubaid Mohammad 
Published: February 2020

Background

No studies from the Arabian Gulf region have taken age into account when examining sex differences in ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction (
STEMI)
presentation and outcomes. We examined the relationship between sex differences and presenting characteristics, revascularization procedures, and in‐hospital mortality after accounting for age in patients hospitalized with
STEMI
in the Arabian Gulf region from 2005 to 2017.

Methods and Results

This study was a pooled analysis of 31 620 patients with a diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome enrolled in 7 Arabian Gulf registries. Of these, 15 532 patients aged ≥18 years were hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of
STEMI
. A multiple variable regression model was used to assess sex differences in revascularization, in‐hospital mortality, and 1‐year mortality. Odds ratios and 95% CIs were calculated. Women were, on average, 8.5 years older than men (mean age: 61.7 versus 53.2 years; absolute standard mean difference: 68.9%). The age‐stratified analysis showed that younger women (aged <65 years) with STEMI were more likely to seek acute medical care and were less likely to receive thrombolytic therapies or primary percutaneous coronary intervention and guideline‐recommended pharmacotherapy than men. Women had higher crude in‐hospital mortality than men, driven mainly by younger age (46–55 years, odds ratio: 2.60 [95% CI, 1.80–3.7];
P
<0.001; 56–65 years, odds ratio: 2.32 [95% CI, 1.75–3.08];
P
<0.001; and 66–75 years, odds ratio: 1.79 [95% CI, 1.33–2.41];
P
<0.001). Younger women had higher adjusted in‐hospital and 1‐year mortality rates than younger men (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

Younger women (aged ≤65 years) with
STEMI
were less likely to receive guideline‐recommended pharmacotherapy and revascularization than younger men during hospitalization and had higher in‐hospital and 1‐year mortality rates.
Sex Differences Among Participants in the Latin American Stroke Registry
Authors: Arauz Antonio , Serrano Fabiola , Ameriso Sebastián F. , Pujol‐Lereis Virginia , Flores Alan , Bayona Hernán , Fernández Huberth , Castillo Alejandro , Ecos Rosa , Vazquez Jorge , Amaya Pablo , Ruíz Angélica , López Minerva , Zapata Carlos , Roa Luis , Marquez‐Romero Juan Manuel , Morelos Eugenia , Ochoa Marco A. , Leon Carolina , Romero Felipe , Ruíz‐Sandoval José Luis , Reyes Abraham , Barboza Miguel A. , Valencia‐Chávez Ana M. , Rosa Calle‐La María P. , Abanto‐Argomedo Carlos , Benavides‐Vásquez Larry , Otiniano‐Sinfuentes Ricardo , Mernes Ricardo , Otto Christian , Valderrama Jaime , Martínez Carlos F. , Rodríguez Jaime E. , Ropero Brenda V. , López‐Valencia German , Soriano Eduardo , Gonzalez‐Oscoy Rodrigo , Arteaga Carmen , Mendez Beatriz , Ramos Cristina , Torrealba Gabriel 
Published: February 2020

Background

Reports on sex differences in stroke outcome and risk factors are scarce in Latin America. Our objective was to analyze clinical and prognostic differences according to sex among participants in the
LASE
(Latin American Stroke Registry).

Methods and Results

Nineteen centers across Central and South America compiled data on demographics, vascular risk factors, clinical stroke description, ancillary tests, and functional outcomes at short‐term follow‐up of patients included from January 2012 to January 2017. For the present study, all these variables were analyzed according to sex at hospital discharge. We included 4788 patients with a median in‐hospital stay of 8 days (interquartile range, 5–8); 2677 were male (median age, 66 years) and 2111 female (median age, 60 years). Ischemic stroke occurred in 4293: 3686 as cerebral infarction (77%) and 607 as transient ischemic attack cases (12.7%); 495 patients (10.3%) corresponded to intracerebral hemorrhage. Poor functional outcome (modified Rankin scale, 3–6) was present in 1662 (34.7%) patients and 38.2% of women (
P
<0.001). Mortality was present in 6.8% of the registry, with 7.8% in women compared with 6.0% in men (
P
=0.01). Death and poor functional outcome for all‐type stroke showed a higher risk in female patients (hazard ratio, 1.3,
P
=0.03; and hazard ratio, 1.1,
P
=0.001, respectively).

Conclusions

A worse functional outcome and higher mortality rates occurred in women compared with men in the
LASE
, confirming sex differences issues at short‐term follow‐up.
Marine Tardigrada from the Mexican Caribbean with the description of Styraconyx robertoi sp. nov. (Arthrotardigrada: Styraconyxidae)
Authors: PÉREZ-PECH WILBERT ANDRÉS , DE JESÚS-NAVARRATE ALBERTO , DEMILIO ERICA , ANGUAS-ESCALANTE ABRIL , HANSEN JESPER GULDBERG 
Published: February 2020

Marine tardigrades were sampled at three sites on Mexico’s Caribbean coast. Eleven taxa were collected, one of which is described as a new species. Styraconyx robertoi sp. nov. is characterized by: asymmetric primary clavae; dorsal cuticle with a grid-like sculpture; claws with reduced accessory hooks; females with peduncles on only two digits (the external) of legs I–IV; males with peduncles only on the external digits of legs I–III and peduncles on all four digits of leg IV. Styraconyx robertoi sp. nov. is most similar to S. craticuliformis Chang & Rho, 1998 and S. kristenseni Renaud-Mornant, 1981 by having asymmetric primary clavae but differs from S. craticuliformis mainly by the number of peduncles and from S. kristenseni mainly by the presence of a grid-like dorsal sculpture. Additionally, a comparison of material collected from the same region, but reported previously only as genus level records, was carried out in order to produce a refined list of the known Mexican marine tardigrade species.