bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
БАЖАНА КОНСТИТУЦІЯ КРОЛІВ ДЛЯ ВІДТВОРЕННЯ ТА ДЕЯКІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНІ ЕЛЕМЕНТИ СТИМУЛЯЦІЇ ОХОТИ КРОЛЕМАТОК
Authors: Гончаренко І.В. , Агій В.М. 
Published: April 2020

В даній публікації наведено деякі дані з розведення кролів. Звернути увагу на домінуючі біологічні особливості кролематок (молочність, багатоплідність), які необхідно враховувати при відтворенні.
В статті наведено рід простих і доступних факторів стимуляції охоти кролематок, які позитивно впливають на репродуктивні функції маток.
При відтворенні кролів необхідно використовувати тварин міцної конституції і без вад екстер'єру. Встановлено, що кролі з міцною конституцією дають більшу кількість окролів протягом року та є більш стійкими до захворювань.
Глибокі та широкі груди є показником доброго здоров'я та міцної конституції. Спина і поперек повинні бути рівними, прямими та широкими, м'язи - тверді та щільні по всьому корпусу, особливо на боках та вздовж попереку.
Підгруддя у статево зрілих кролематок є ознакою спокійного темпераменту та хороших материнських якостей. Дуже великий підгруддя є ознакою ніжної конституції та є небажаним при відтворенні кролів.
До недоліків екстер'єру відносяться груба і перерозвинута голова, великі, товсті вуха, іноді обвислі, вузькі та не глибокі груди, вузька та довга спина, звислий або звужений крижово-поперековий відділ, тонкі та викривлені ноги, а також недостатньо виражені м'ясні форми і опушеність стоп.
Дослідженнями попередніх років встановлено, що 90 % порушень з відтворення тварин залежить від не збалансованої годівлі та від дефіциту есенційних біотичних мікроелементів (Mn, Zn, Se), деяких вітамінів і факторів зовнішнього середовища.
Доцільним є для нормування годівлі кролів використовувати БВМД, премікси, гранульовані повнокомпонентні комбікорми для кролів або курей, - цей метод стимуляції охоти кролематок є високоефективним перевіреним на практиці.
Отже, використання у фермерських та приватних господарствах племінних кролів міцної конституції, з хорошою молочністю і добре розвинутим материнським інстинктом, враховуючи фактори стимуляції охоти за умов повноцінної годівлі буде сприяти покращенню відтворення кролів та збільшенню виробництва кролятини.
Confirmation of Enhanced Long-wavelength Dust Emission in OMC 2/3
Authors: Mason Brian , Dicker Simon , Sadavoy Sarah , Stanchfield Sara , Mroczkowski Tony , Romero Charles , Friesen Rachel , Sarazin Craig , Sievers Jonathan , Stanke Thomas , Devlin Mark 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Previous continuum observations from the MUSTANG camera on the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) of the nearby star-forming filament OMC 2/3 found elevated emission at 3.3 mm relative to shorter-wavelength data. As a consequence, the inferred dust emissivity index obtained from modified blackbody dust spectra was considerably lower than what is typically measured on ∼0.1 pc scales in nearby molecular clouds. Here we present new observations of OMC 2/3 collected with the MUSTANG-2 camera on the GBT that confirm this elevated emission. We also present for the first time sensitive 1 cm observations made with the Ka-band receiver on the GBT, which also show higher than expected emission. We use these observations—along with Herschel, JCMT, Mambo, and GISMO data—to assemble spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of a variety of structures in OMC 2/3 spanning the range 160 μm to 1 cm. The data at 2 mm and shorter are generally consistent with a modified blackbody spectrum and a single value of β ∼ 1.6. The 3 mm and 1 cm data, however, lie well above such an SED. The spectrum of the long-wavelength excess is inconsistent with both free–free emission and standard “Spinning Dust” models for Anomalous Microwave Emission (AME). The 3 mm and 1 cm data could be explained by a flatter dust emissivity at wavelengths shorter than 2 mm, potentially in concert with AME in some regions.
Deep Learning the Morphology of Dark Matter Substructure
Authors: Alexander Stephon , Gleyzer Sergei , McDonough Evan , Toomey Michael W. , Usai Emanuele 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Strong gravitational lensing is a promising probe of the substructure of dark matter halos. Deep-learning methods have the potential to accurately identify images containing substructure, and differentiate weakly interacting massive particle dark matter from other well motivated models, including vortex substructure of dark matter condensates and superfluids. This is crucial in future efforts to identify the true nature of dark matter. We implement, for the first time, a classification approach to identifying dark matter based on simulated strong lensing images with different substructure. Utilizing convolutional neural networks trained on sets of simulated images, we demonstrate the feasibility of deep neural networks to reliably distinguish among different types of dark matter substructure. With thousands of strong lensing images anticipated with the coming launch of Vera C. Rubin Observatory, we expect that supervised and unsupervised deep-learning models will play a crucial role in determining the nature of dark matter.
Constraining the Mass of the Emerging Galaxy Cluster SpARCS1049+56 at z = 1.71 with Infrared Weak Lensing
Authors: Finner Kyle , James Jee M. , Webb Tracy , Wilson Gillian , Perlmutter Saul , Muzzin Adam , Hlavacek-Larrondo Julie 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In the hierarchical structure formation model of the universe, galaxy clusters are assembled through a series of mergers. Accordingly, it is expected that galaxy clusters in the early universe are actively forming and dynamically young. Located at a high redshift of z = 1.71, SpARCS1049+56 offers a unique look into the galaxy cluster formation process. This cluster has been shown to be rich in cluster galaxies and to have intense star formation. Its high redshift pushes a weak-lensing analysis beyond the regime of the optical spectrum into that of the infrared. Equipped with deep Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 UVIS and IR observations, we present a weak-lensing characterization of SpARCS1049+56. As few IR weak-lensing studies have been performed, we discuss the details of point-spread function modeling and galaxy shape measurement for an IR weak-lensing procedure and the systematics that come with the territory. It will be critical to understand these systematics in future weak-lensing studies in the IR with the next-generation space telescopes such as the James Webb Space Telescope, Euclid, and WFIRST. Through a careful analysis, the mass distribution of this young galaxy cluster is mapped and the convergence peak is detected at a 3.3σ level. The weak-lensing mass of the cluster is estimated to be 3.5 ± 1.2 × 1014
M
⊙ and is consistent with the mass derived from a mass–richness scaling relation. This mass is extreme for a cluster at such a high redshift and suggests that SpARCS1049+56 is rare in the standard ΛCDM universe.
Kinetic Simulations of Nonrelativistic Perpendicular Shocks of Young Supernova Remnants. III. Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Bohdan Artem , Pohl Martin , Niemiec Jacek , Vafin Sergei , Matsumoto Yosuke , Amano Takanobu , Hoshino Masahiro 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Fully kinetic two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations are used to study electron acceleration at high-Mach-number nonrelativistic perpendicular shocks. Supernova remnant shocks are mediated by the Weibel instability, which is excited because of an interaction between shock-reflected and upstream ions. Nonlinear evolution of the Weibel instability leads to the formation of current sheets. At the turbulent shock ramp the current sheets decay through magnetic reconnection. The number of reconnection sites strongly depends on the ion-to-electron mass ratio and the Alfvénic Mach number of the simulated shock. Electron acceleration is observed at locations where magnetic reconnection operates. For the highest mass ratios almost all electrons are involved in magnetic reconnection, which makes the magnetic reconnection the dominant acceleration process for electrons at these shocks. We discuss the relevance of our results for 3D systems with realistic ion-to-electron mass ratio.
Building the Largest Spectroscopic Sample of Ultracompact Massive Galaxies with the Kilo Degree Survey
Authors: Scognamiglio Diana , Tortora Crescenzo , Spavone Marilena , Spiniello Chiara , Napolitano Nicola R. , D’Ago Giuseppe , Barbera Francesco La , Getman Fedor , Roy Nivya , Raj Maria Angela , Radovich Mario , Brescia Massimo , Cavuoti Stefano , Koopmans Léon V. E. , Kuijken Konrad H. , Longo Giuseppe , Petrillo Carlo E. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Ultracompact massive galaxies (ucmgs), i.e., galaxies with stellar masses

and effective radii

, are very rare systems, in particular at low and intermediate redshifts. Their origin as well as their number density across cosmic time are still under scrutiny, especially because of the paucity of spectroscopically confirmed samples. We have started a systematic census of ucmg candidates within the ESO Kilo Degree Survey, together with a large spectroscopic follow-up campaign to build the largest possible sample of confirmed ucmgs. This is the third paper of the series and the second based on the spectroscopic follow-up program. Here, we present photometrical and structural parameters of 33 new candidates at redshifts

and confirm 19 of them as ucmgs, based on their nominal spectroscopically inferred

and

. This corresponds to a success rate of

, nicely consistent with our previous findings. The addition of these 19 newly confirmed objects allows us to fully assess the systematics on the system selection—and to finally reduce the number density uncertainties. Moreover, putting together the results from our current and past observational campaigns and some literature data, we build the largest sample of ucmgs ever collected, comprising 92 spectroscopically confirmed objects at

. This number raises to 116, allowing for a 3σ tolerance on the

and

thresholds for the ucmg definition. For all these galaxies, we have estimated the velocity dispersion values at the effective radii, which have been used to derive a preliminary mass–velocity dispersion correlation.
Repeatability of OCT Anterior Surface and Bowman's Layer Curvature and Aberrations in Normal and Keratoconic Eyes
Authors: Matalia Himanshu , Chinnappaiah Nandini , Chandapura Rachana , Galiyugavaradhan Sugaranjini , Shetty Rohit , Sinha Roy Abhijit 
Published: April 2020

PURPOSE:
To study the repeatability of anterior surface and Bowman's layer curvature in normal and keratoconic eyes using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

METHODS:
In this study, 96 normal and 96 keratoconic eyes underwent corneal imaging using Pentacam (Oculus Optikgeräte, Wetzlar, Germany) and OCT (Triton, Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). The elevation data from segmented air–epithelium (A–E) and epithelium–Bowman's layer (E-B) interfaces in OCT scans were used to quantify curvature and aberrations. The wavefront aberrations were evaluated with the ray tracing method and 6th order Zernike polynomials. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), within-subject standard deviation (Sw), and coefficient of variation (CoV) were used to assess repeatability.

RESULTS:

For curvatures, the Sw was less than 0.25 diopters (D) for the normal and keratoconic eyes. The Sw was highest for root mean square of lower order aberrations (0.14 µm) in keratoconic eyes. The CoV for curvatures was well below 0.5% for both groups. For some aberrations irrespective of groups, the CoV was greater because some individual aberrations (mean of three successive measurements) tended to be smaller in magnitude and even a small Sw resulted in a high CoV. For all variables, the ICC ranged between 0.80 and 0.99 for both the OCT and Pentacam measurements. Most variables were similar between the A–E and E-B interfaces (
P
> .05) for both groups. However, both differed significantly from all Pentacam variables (
P
< .05) in normal and keratoconic eyes.

CONCLUSIONS:
The repeatability of OCT curvatures and aberrations compared well with the Pentacam indices for normal and keratoconic eyes.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(4):247–252.]
TomoMQA: Automated analysis program for MVCT quality assurance of helical tomotherapy
Authors: Han Min Cheol , Hong Chae‐Seon , Chang Kyung Hwan , Kim Jihun , Han Su Chul , Kim Dong Wook , Park Kwangwoo , Kim Min‐Joo , Shin Han Back , Lee Se Hyung , Kim Jin Sung 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeIn this study, we developed a simple but useful computer program, called TomoMQA, to offer an automated quality assurance for mega‐voltage computed tomography (MVCT) images generated via helical tomotherapy.MethodsTomoMQA is written in MATLAB and contains three steps for analysis: (a) open the DICOM dataset folder generated via helical tomotherapy (i.e., TomoTherapy® and Radixact™), (b) call the baseline data for the consistency test and click the “Analysis” button (or click the “Analysis” button without the baseline data and export the results as the baseline data), and (c) print an analyzed report. The overall procedure for the QA analysis included in TomoMQA is referred from the TG‐148 recommendation. Here, the tolerances for MVCT QA were implemented from TG‐148 recommended values as default; however, it can be modified by a user manually.ResultsTo test the performance of the TomoMQA program, 15 MVCTs were prepared from five helical tomotherapy machines (1 of TomoTherapy® HD, 2 of TomoTherapy® HDA, and 2 of Radixact™) in 3 months and the QA procedures were performed using TomoMQA. From our results, the evaluation revealed that the developed program can successfully perform the MVCT QA analysis irrespective of the type of helical tomotherapy equipment.ConclusionWe successfully developed a new automated analysis program for MVCT QA of a helical tomotherapy platform, called TomoMQA. The developed program will be made freely downloadable from the TomoMQA‐dedicated website.
Comparative Risk of Diabetes Mellitus in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated With Biologic or Targeted Synthetic Disease‐Modifying Drugs: A Cohort Study
Authors: Desai Rishi J. , Dejene Sara , Jin Yinzhu , Liu Jun , Kim Seoyoung C. 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to compare the risk of incident diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with biologic or targeted synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs.MethodsA new‐user observational cohort study was conducted using data from a US commercial (Truven MarketScan, 2005‐2016) claims database and a public insurance (Medicare, 2010‐2014) claims database. Patients with RA who did not have DM were selected into one of eight exposure groups (abatacept, infliximab, adalimumab, golimumab, certolizumab, etanercept, tocilizumab, or tofacitinib) and observed for the outcome of incident DM, defined as a combination of a diagnosis code and initiation of a hypoglycemic treatment. A stabilized inverse probability–weighted Cox proportional hazards model was used to account for 56 confounding variables and estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). All analyses were conducted separately in two databases, and estimates were combined using inverse variance meta‐analysis.ResultsAmong a total of 50 505 patients with RA from Truven and 17 251 patients with RA from Medicare, incidence rates (95% CI) for DM were 6.8 (6.1‐7.6) and 6.6 (5.4‐7.9) per 1000 person‐years, respectively. After confounding adjustment, the pooled HRs (95% CI) indicated a significantly higher risk of DM among adalimumab (2.00 [1.11‐3.03]) and infliximab initiators (2.34 [1.38‐3.98]) compared with abatacept initiators. The pooled HR (95% CI) for the etanercept versus abatacept comparison was elevated but not statistically significant (1.65 [0.91‐2.98]). The effect estimates for certolizumab, golimumab, tocilizumab, and tofacitinib, compared with abatacept, were highly imprecise because of a limited sample size.ConclusionInitiation of abatacept was associated with a lower risk of incident DM in patients with RA compared with infliximab or adalimumab.
A Novel Multinary Intermetallic as an Active Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Jia Zhe , Yang Tao , Sun Ligang , Zhao Yilu , Li Wanpeng , Luan Junhua , Lyu Fucong , Zhang Lai‐Chang , Kruzic Jamie J. , Kai Ji‐Jung , Huang Jacob C. , Lu Jian , Liu Chain Tsuan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractElectrochemical water splitting offers an attractive approach for hydrogen production. However, the lack of high‐performance cost‐effective electrocatalyst severely hinders its applications. Here, a multinary high‐entropy intermetallic (HEI) that possesses an unusual periodically ordered structure containing multiple non‐noble elements is reported, which can serve as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution. This HEI exhibits excellent activities in alkalinity with an overpotential of 88.2 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 40.1 mV dec−1, which are comparable to those of noble catalysts. Theoretical calculations reveal that the chemical complexity and surprising atomic configurations provide a strong synergistic function to alter the electronic structure. Furthermore, the unique L12‐type ordered structure enables a specific site‐isolation effect to further stabilize the H2O/H* adsorption/desorption, which dramatically optimizes the energy barrier of hydrogen evolution. Such an HEI strategy uncovers a new paradigm to develop novel electrocatalyst with superior reaction activities.
Lithium Bonds in Lithium Batteries
Authors: Chen Xiang , Bai Yun‐Ke , Zhao Chen‐Zi , Shen Xin , Zhang Qiang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLithium bonds are analogous to hydrogen bonds and are therefore expected to exhibit similar characteristics and functions. Additionally, the metallic nature and large atomic radius of Li bestow the Li bond with special features. As one of the most important applications of the element, Li batteries afford emerging opportunities for the exploration of Li bond chemistry. Herein, the historical development and concept of the Li bond are reviewed, in addition to the application of Li bonds in Li batteries. In this way, a comprehensive understanding of the Li bond in Li batteries and an outlook on its future developments is presented.
Synthesis of High χ–Low N Diblock Copolymers by Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly
Authors: Jennings James , Cornel Erik J. , Derry Matthew J. , Beattie Deborah L. , Rymaruk Matthew J. , Deane Oliver J. , Ryan Anthony J. , Armes Steven P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPolymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA) enables the scalable synthesis of functional block copolymer nanoparticles with various morphologies. Herein we exploit this versatile technique to produce so‐called “high χ–low N” diblock copolymers that undergo nanoscale phase separation in the solid state to produce sub‐10 nm surface features. By varying the degree of polymerization of the stabilizer and core‐forming blocks, PISA provides rapid access to a wide range of diblock copolymers, and enables fundamental thermodynamic parameters to be determined. In addition, the pre‐organization of copolymer chains within sterically‐stabilized nanoparticles that occurs during PISA leads to enhanced phase separation relative to that achieved using solution‐cast molecularly‐dissolved copolymer chains.
Construction of Helically Stacked π‐Electron Systems in Poly(quinolylene‐2,3‐methylene) Stabilized by Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Kataoka Yuki , Kanbayashi Naoya , Fujii Naoka , Okamura Taka‐aki , Haino Takeharu , Onitsuka Kiyotaka 
Published: April 2020

Abstractπ‐Stacked polymers, which consist of layered π‐electron systems in a polymer, can be expected to be used in molecular electronic devices. However, the construction of a stable π‐stacked structure in a polymer is considerably challenging because it requires sophisticated designs and precise synthetic methods. Herein, we present a novel π‐stacked architecture based on poly(quinolylene‐2,3‐methylene) bearing alanine derivatives as the side chain, obtained through the living cyclo‐copolymerization of an o‐allenylaryl isocyanide. In the resulting polymer, the neighboring quinoline rings of the main chain form a layered structure with π–π interactions, which is stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The vicinal quinoline units form two independent helices and the whole molecule is a twisted‐tape structure. This structure is established on the basis of UV/CD spectra, theoretical calculations, and atomic‐force microscopy.
Quantification of Bacterial Metabolic Activities in the Gut by d‐Amino Acid‐Based In Vivo Labeling
Authors: Lin Liyuan , Song Jia , Du Yahui , Wu Qiuyue , Gao Juan , Song Yanling , Yang Chaoyong , Wang Wei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHerein, we propose a metabolic d‐amino acid‐based labeling and in situ hybridization‐facilitated (MeDabLISH) strategy for the quantitative analysis of the indigenous metabolic status of gut bacteria. The fluorescent d‐amino acid (FDAA)‐based labeling intensities of bacteria were found to highly correlate with their temporal and steady‐state metabolic status. Then, after taxonomic identification of bacterial genera in the in vivo FDAA‐labeled mouse gut microbiota, by corresponding fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes, the metabolic activities of different gut bacterial genera are quantified by flow cytometry, using FISH signals to differentiate genera and FDAA signals to indicate their basal metabolic levels. It was found that Gram‐negative genera in the mouse microbiota have stronger metabolic activities during the daytime, and Gram‐positive genera have higher activities at the night. Our strategy will be instrumental in deepening our understanding of the highly complex microbiota.
DNA Nanoribbon‐Templated Self‐Assembly of Ultrasmall Fluorescent Copper Nanoclusters with Enhanced Luminescence
Authors: Ouyang Xiangyuan , Wang Meifang , Guo Linjie , Cui Chengjun , Liu Ting , Ren Yongan , Zhao Yan , Ge Zhilei , Guo Xiniu , Xie Gang , Li Jiang , Fan Chunhai , Wang Lihua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFluorescent copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) have been widely used in chemical sensors, biological imaging, and light‐emitting devices. However, individual fluorescent CuNCs have limitations in their capabilities arising from poor photostability and weak emission intensities. As one kind of aggregation‐induced emission luminogen (AIEgen), the formation of aggregates with high compactness and good order can efficiently improve the emission intensity, stability, and tunability of CuNCs. Here, DNA nanoribbons, containing multiple specific binding sites, serve as a template for in situ synthesis and assembly of ultrasmall CuNCs (0.6 nm). These CuNC self‐assemblies exhibit enhanced luminescence and excellent fluorescence stability because of tight and ordered arrangement through DNA nanoribbons templating. Furthermore, the stable and bright CuNC assemblies are demonstrated in the high‐sensitivity detection and intracellular fluorescence imaging of biothiols.
Sterically Controlled C−H Olefination of Heteroarenes
Authors: Chen Hao , Farizyan Mirxan , Ghiringhelli Francesca , van Gemmeren Manuel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe regioselective functionalization of heteroarenes is a highly attractive synthetic target due to the prevalence of multiply substituted heteroarenes in nature and bioactive compounds. Some substitution patterns remain challenging: While highly efficient methods for the C2‐selective olefination of 3‐substituted five‐membered heteroarenes have been reported, analogous methods to access the 5‐olefinated products have remained limited by poor regioselectivities and/or the requirement to use an excess of the valuable heteroarene starting material. Herein we report a sterically controlled C−H olefination using heteroarenes as the limiting reagent. The method enables the highly C5‐selective olefination of a wide range of heteroarenes and is shown to be useful in the context of late‐stage functionalization.