bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiac metabolism as a driver and therapeutic target of myocardial infarction
Authors: Zuurbier Coert J. , Bertrand Luc , Beauloye Christoph R. , Andreadou Ioanna , Ruiz‐Meana Marisol , Jespersen Nichlas R. , Kula‐Alwar Duvaraka , Prag Hiran A. , Eric Botker Hans , Dambrova Maija , Montessuit Christophe , Kaambre Tuuli , Liepinsh Edgars , Brookes Paul S. , Krieg Thomas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractReducing infarct size during a cardiac ischaemic‐reperfusion episode is still of paramount importance, because the extension of myocardial necrosis is an important risk factor for developing heart failure. Cardiac ischaemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) is in principle a metabolic pathology as it is caused by abruptly halted metabolism during the ischaemic episode and exacerbated by sudden restart of specific metabolic pathways at reperfusion. It should therefore not come as a surprise that therapy directed at metabolic pathways can modulate IRI. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of important metabolic pathways as therapeutic targets to combat cardiac IRI. Activating metabolic pathways such as glycolysis (eg AMPK activators), glucose oxidation (activating pyruvate dehydrogenase complex), ketone oxidation (increasing ketone plasma levels), hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (O‐GlcNAcylation; administration of glucosamine/glutamine) and deacetylation (activating sirtuins 1 or 3; administration of NAD+‐boosting compounds) all seem to hold promise to reduce acute IRI. In contrast, some metabolic pathways may offer protection through diminished activity. These pathways comprise the malate‐aspartate shuttle (in need of novel specific reversible inhibitors), mitochondrial oxygen consumption, fatty acid oxidation (CD36 inhibitors, malonyl‐CoA decarboxylase inhibitors) and mitochondrial succinate metabolism (malonate). Additionally, protecting the cristae structure of the mitochondria during IR, by maintaining the association of hexokinase II or creatine kinase with mitochondria, or inhibiting destabilization of FOF1‐ATPase dimers, prevents mitochondrial damage and thereby reduces cardiac IRI. Currently, the most promising and druggable metabolic therapy against cardiac IRI seems to be the singular or combined targeting of glycolysis, O‐GlcNAcylation and metabolism of ketones, fatty acids and succinate.
Lamina feedback neurons regulate the bandpass property of the flicker‐induced orientation response in Drosophila
Authors: Yuan Deliang , Ji Xiaoxiao , Hao Shun , Gestrich Julia Yvonne , Duan Wenlan , Wang Xinwei , Xiang Yuanhang , Yang Jihua , Hu Pengbo , Xu Mengbo , Liu Li , Wei Hongying 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNatural scenes contain complex visual cues with specific features, including color, motion, flicker, and position. It is critical to understand how different visual features are processed at the early stages of visual perception to elicit appropriate cellular responses, and even behavioral output. Here, we studied the visual orientation response induced by flickering stripes in a novel behavioral paradigm in Drosophila melanogaster. We found that free walking flies exhibited bandpass orientation response to flickering stripes of different frequencies. The most sensitive frequency spectrum was confined to low frequencies of 2–4 Hz. Through genetic silencing, we showed that lamina L1 and L2 neurons, which receive visual inputs from R1 to R6 neurons, were the main components in mediating flicker‐induced orientation behavior. Moreover, specific blocking of different types of lamina feedback neurons Lawf1, Lawf2, C2, C3, and T1 modulated orientation responses to flickering stripes of particular frequencies, suggesting that bandpass orientation response was generated through cooperative modulation of lamina feedback neurons. Furthermore, we found that lamina feedback neurons Lawf1 were glutamatergic. Thermal activation of Lawf1 neurons could suppress neural activities in L1 and L2 neurons, which could be blocked by the glutamate‐gated chloride channel inhibitor picrotoxin (PTX). In summary, lamina monopolar neurons L1 and L2 are the primary components in mediating flicker‐induced orientation response. Meanwhile, lamina feedback neurons cooperatively modulate the orientation response in a frequency‐dependent way, which might be achieved through modulating neural activities of L1 and L2 neurons.
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Epigenomic control of gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone neurone development and hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism
Authors: Linscott Megan L. , Chung Wilson C. J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMammalian reproductive success depends on gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) neurones to stimulate gonadotrophin secretion from the anterior pituitary and activate gonadal steroidogenesis and gametogenesis. Genetic screening studies in patients diagnosed with Kallmann syndrome (KS), a congenital form of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (CHH), identified several causal mutations, including those in the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) system. This signalling pathway regulates neuroendocrine progenitor cell proliferation, fate specification and cell survival. Indeed, the GnRH neurone system was absent or abrogated in transgenic mice with reduced (ie, hypomorphic) Fgf8 and/or Fgf receptor (Fgfr) 1 expression, respectively. Moreover, we found that GnRH neurones were absent in the embryonic olfactory placode of Fgf8 hypomorphic mice, the putative birthplace of GnRH neurones. These observations, together with those made in human KS/CHH patients, indicate that the FGF8/FGFR1 signalling system is a requirement for the ontogenesis of the GnRH neuronal system and function. In this review, we discuss how epigenetic factors control the expression of genes such as Fgf8 that are known to be critical for GnRH neurone ontogenesis, fate specification, and the pathogenesis of KS/CHH.
RHDV2 epidemic in UK pet rabbits. Part 1: clinical features, gross post mortem and histopathological findings
Authors: Harcourt‐Brown N. , Silkstone M. , Whitbread T. J. , Harcourt‐Brown F. M. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesTo report clinical features, gross post mortem and histopathological findings from an investigation into sudden or unexpected death in rabbits that was undertaken during an outbreak of rabbit haemorrhagic disease.Materials and MethodsUsing a standard protocol, veterinarians were invited to submit case histories and results of their post mortem examination of pet rabbits that died unexpectedly. Histopathological examination of heart, lungs, liver, spleen and kidney samples was collated with macroscopic appearance and clinical details.ResultsHepatocellular necrosis, characteristic of rabbit haemorrhagic disease, was observed in 185 of 300 (62%) submissions, often accompanied by glomerular thrombosis and changes in other organs. Evidence of rabbit haemorrhagic disease was not apparent on histopathology in 113 of 300 (38%) rabbits. Gross post mortem examination by veterinary practitioners did not always reflect reported histopathological changes. No macroscopic abnormalities were seen in 78/185 (42%) of rabbit haemorrhagic disease cases. Rapid death and death of other rabbits in the household were common features of rabbit haemorrhagic disease. Ante mortem clinical signs included anorexia, collapse, lethargy, seizures, icterus, bleeding from the mouth, dyspnoea, hypothermia, pyrexia, bradycardia or poor blood clotting.Clinical ImportanceRabbit haemorrhagic disease can be suspected from a history of sudden death, especially if multiple rabbits are affected. There is not always macroscopic evidence of the disease but histopathology is useful to support or refute a diagnosis of rabbit haemorrhagic disease and provide information about other causes of death.
Comparative analysis of complete plastid genome reveals powerful barcode regions for identifying wood of Dalbergia odorifera and D. tonkinensis (Leguminosae)
Authors: Qin Ming , Zhu Cheng‐Jie , Yang Jun‐Bo , Vatanparast Mohammad , Schley Rowan , Lai Qiang , Zhang Dan‐Yan , Tu Tie‐Yao , Klitgård Bente B. , Li Shi‐Jin , Zhang Dian‐Xiang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDalbergia odorifera T. C. Chen (Leguminosae), a rare and endangered tree species endemic to Hainan Island of China, produces the most expensive and rarest wood in China. The wood characteristics of D. odorifera are remarkably similar to those of D. tonkinensis (a much less sought‐after species from Vietnam), and the DNA from wood is often highly degraded, making it very difficult to identify the two species using anatomical features or DNA barcoding based on regular DNA markers. To solve the confusion of identifying wood reliably from the two species, we built and analyzed the plastome library of 26 samples from 18 Dalbergia species, of which 12 samples from eight closely related species of D. odorifera are newly sequenced in this study. Phylogenomic analysis suggested that the relationships among the 26 samples are mostly well resolved, and conspecific individuals from different populations of D. odorifera and D. tonkinensis clustered together. Between the plastid genomes of the two species, we identified 129 indels and 114 single nucleotide polymorphisms. By assessing a subset of 20 nucleotide polymorphisms and 10 indels using 37 population‐level samples (20 samples of D. odorifera and 17 samples of D. tonkinensis), we recovered eight species‐specific barcode regions that could be suitable for identifying the wood D. odorifera and D. tonkinensis. To examine their utility in wood identification, we amplified the eight DNA barcodes using six wood samples and recovered an amplification success rate of 83.3%, demonstrating a reliable method for precise wood identification of the two species.
Effects of chronic sleep deprivation on upper respiratory tract mucosal histology and mucociliary clearance on rats
Authors: Sazak Kundi Fatma Cemre , Murat Ozcan Kursat , Okudan Berna , Coskun Nazim , Inan Mehmet Arda , Ozcan Muge 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of chronic sleep deprivation on mucociliary clearance, which is the primary defence mechanism of the upper airway tract and nasal mucosal histology. Forty‐two Wistar Albino rats (250‐300 g), 8 or 12 weeks old, were randomly assigned into three groups as follows. The first sleep‐deprivation group consisted of 14 rats (A), another 14 of them were assigned to platform group (B), and the remaining 14 were included to the home cage control group (C). For the two deprivation groups (A and B), the modified multiple platform method (MMPM) was used to induce sleep deprivation for 21 days. Tc‐99m MAA rhinoscintigraphy was performed to assess mucociliary clearance and the nasal histopathological changes of the sacrificed rats were also examined. Mucociliary clearance was significantly higher in sleep deprivation (A) and deprivation control (B) groups than the control group (C) (p = .037). The ratio of columnar ciliary was significantly higher in group A and B than in the control group (p = .003). The transitional epithelial ratio in groups A and B was also significantly increased compared with group C (p = .04). The control group's squamous epithelial ratio was increased compared to the sleep‐deprived groups (p = .003). There was a significantly increased inflammatory response in the ciliated columnar epithelium in groups A and B compared to group C (p = .02). For the first time in the literature, we demonstrated that chronic sleep deprivation has caused a significant increase in mucociliary clearance speed and in the number of ciliary cells.
Effects of dietary shrimp extract on growth performance, muscle fatty acid composition, and lipid metabolism‐related genes of juvenile red tilapia
Authors: Yu Zhen‐Zhen , Wang Lan‐Mei , Song Fei‐Biao , Zhu Wen‐Bin , Miao Ling‐Hong , Fu Jian‐Jun , Dong Zai‐Jie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractShrimp extract (ShE) is one kind of aquatic animal attractant with abundant amino acids. In order to investigate the effects of dietary ShE supplementation on the growth and muscle fatty acid of juvenile red tilapia (initial weight: 12.02 ± 0.02 g), a 62‐day experiment was conducted. The fish were fed six diets containing graded levels of ShE (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 3%) without fish meal (FM) and an FM diet in triplicate groups. At the end of the experiment, the final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed intake of the red tilapia fed the 3% ShE diet and FM diet were significantly higher than those fed the other diets (p < .05). The total saturated fatty acid of fish muscle in the ShE diet groups was lower than that in the FM diet group (p < .05). The contents of erucic acid (C22:1), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 n‐3; EPA), docosapentanoic acid (C22:5 n‐3; DPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n‐3; DHA) in the ShE diet groups were also lower than those in the FM diet group (p < .05). The expression level of the lpl gene in red tilapia liver of experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p < .05). The liver mdh gene mRNA expression levels were higher in the red tilapia fed 0.5%, 2%, and 3% ShE diets than those of other groups (p < .05). Moreover, the respiratory burst activity had a positive effect in the 0.5%, 1%, and 2% ShE diet groups (p < .05). Our results suggest that dietary ShE has a significant effect on the growth and lipid metabolism‐related genes of fish, and 3% ShE was recommended to be supplemented in juvenile red tilapia diets.
Nurses' contribution to end‐of‐life family conferences in critical care: A Delphi study
Authors: Kawashima Tetsuharu , Tanaka Makoto , Kawakami Aki , Muranaka Saori 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundFamily conferences (FCs) in the intensive care unit play an important role in reducing the psychological burden of patients' families at the end of life. However, no studies have clarified the specific roles and contributions of nurses related to FCs for terminally ill patients in critical care and their families.Aims and objectivesTo clarify nurses' contribution to FCs for terminally ill patients in critical care and their families and examine the priority of each item.DesignA modified Delphi method was used.MethodsThis study consisted of two phases. In phase 1, an initial list was developed based on a literature review, individual interviews, and a focus group interview. Phase 2 involved two rounds of the Delphi survey. Practitioners (N = 55) from hospitals across Japan were recruited to the Expert Panel for phase 2. They were asked to rate each nurse's contribution in terms of its importance using a 9‐point Likert scale (1 being “not important at all” to 9 being “very important”). Fifty participants responded to round 1 of the survey, and 46 participants completed round 2. If at least 80% of the panellists chose an importance level of 7 or higher, the item was considered “important”.ResultsThe 65 items of the potential list were classified into three domains: preparation (16 items), discussion and facilitating meaning during a FC (32 items), and follow up after a FC (17 items). The expert panel determined that, of 65 items, 49 items on the proposed list of nurses' contribution were considered important.ConclusionsThis study clarified nurses' contribution to FCs, with consensus on their importance by expert nurses.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study could be useful for improving and ensuring the quality of nurses' contribution to FCs and promoting collaboration between nurses and other medical professionals.
Prophylactic oseltamivir during major seasonal influenza H1N1 outbreak might reduce both H1N1 and associated pulmonary aspergillosis in children undergoing haploidentical transplantation
Authors: Jaiswal Sarita Rani , Bhagwati Gitali , Soni Mayank , Thatai Atul , Aiyer Hemamalini , Chakrabarti Suparno 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFollowing a major seasonal outbreak of H1N1 influenza in 2018 September, prophylactic oseltamivir for six months was initiated in children undergoing haploidentical HCT with regular monitoring for influenza and other respiratory virus infections. Influenza was not detected in 22 children undergoing prophylaxis, compared to 8 H1N1 infections in 21 adults without prophylaxis (P = .01). Four children on prophylaxis were detected to have other respiratory viruses, compared to 8 in those without prophylaxis. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) was observed only in association with H1N1 (4/8 with H1N1 vs 0/35 without H1N1, P = .001) and was thus lower in the prophylaxis group (P = .04). The overall incidence of episodes of respiratory illness and hospital stay were also lower in those on prophylaxis (P = .001). There were no untoward side effects associated with prophylactic oseltamivir. Prophylactic oseltamivir was safe and effective in prevention of H1N1 infection and subsequent IPA in children at‐risk, early after haploidentical HCT.
Expanding on Englishes: A symposium
Authors: Berns Margie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this Symposium entitled ‘Expanding on Englishes’, four contributors discuss the sociolinguistic profiles of lesser‐known countries from a world Englishes perspective. The contributions for this symposium describe the Englishes of Iran, Nepal, Turkey, and Vietnam. These four accounts of the social and linguistic features of English in these countries highlight the challenges of identifying these (and other such) countries as either Inner or Outer Circle territories. This realization indicates that broadening our understanding of the complexities of the diffusion, status, and roles of English requires the importance of nuanced use and interpretation of long‐relied upon criteria.
English in Vietnam
Authors: Tran Phuong Minh , Tanemura Kenneth 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOver the past few decades, English has emerged as a lingua franca and the dominant foreign language in the fast developing and populous society of Vietnam, placing the country in the center of the Expanding Circle. This paper presents a sociolinguistic profile of English in Vietnam following Berns’ framework. The profile begins with a demographic description and defines how Vietnam can be considered part of the Expanding Circle. We discuss the functional distributions of English in Vietnam by (i) chronicling its instrumental function from Chinese domination in Vietnam in 111 BC until recent years, (ii) detailing its administrative function before and after the country's Economic Reforms of the 1990s, (iii) revealing its interpersonal function in contemporary Vietnamese society; and (iv) illustrating how English borrowings and nativizations are used in the media. We conclude with a discussion of Vietnamese learners’ attitudes towards English learning and different English varieties.
Dynamics of a Viscous Droplet in Return Bends of Microfluidic Channels
Authors: Singh John-Luke , Wang Yechun , Zhang Yan , Melbye Julie A. , Brooks Amanda E. , Brooks Benjamin D. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Return bends are frequently encountered in microfluidic systems. In this study, a three-dimensional spectral boundary element method for interfacial dynamics in Stokes flow has been adopted to investigate the dynamics of viscous droplets in rectangular return bends. The droplet trajectory, deformation, and migration velocity are investigated under the influence of various fluid properties and operational conditions, which are depicted by the Capillary number, viscosity ratio, and droplet size, as well as the dimensions of the return bend. While the computational results provide information for the design of return bends in microfluidic systems in general, the computational framework shows potential to guide the design and operation of a droplet-based microfluidic delivery system for cell seeding.
Implementation of Optimized Artificial Neural Networks for Real-Time Estimation of Low Pressure Cooled Exhaust Gas Recirculation in a Turbocharged Gasoline Direct Injection Engine Using a Model-Based Design Approach
Authors: Jo Yuhyeok , Min Kyunghan , Sunwoo Myoungho , Han Manbae 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Low pressure cooled exhaust gas recirculation (LP-EGR) system has been widely adopted to improve energy efficiency in turbocharged gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines. In order to utilize complete beneficial effects of the LP-EGR, a technique capable of accurately observing the LP-EGR flow into the cylinder in real-time is a prerequisite. To precisely estimate the LP-EGR rate in real-time, this paper proposes artificial neural network (ANN) models and its implementation on a real-time embedded system. As inputs for the ANN models, 12 combustion parameters physically correlated with the LP-EGR in the combustion process are selected and calculated from the in-cylinder pressure. The ANN models for the real-time LP-EGR estimation were trained with the steady-state data of 30,000 cycles and their hyper-parameters were searched by a hyper-parameter optimization method. Moreover, a model-based design procedure is introduced to implement the optimized ANN models on the real-time embedded system. Since the proposed implementation performs the validation procedure for each process, it provides a systematic and seamless process for creating ANN models for real-time embedded systems. In real-time experiments under eight steady-state engine operating points, the embedded ANN models show the estimation performance with R2 of above 0.9716. The operation time of each ANN was less than 1.285 ms meaning that the target system can operate in real-time sufficiently with a mass-produced 32 bit microprocessor up to 256 MHz.
<p><strong>New species and records of </strong><strong><em>Trisetacus</em></strong><strong> Keifer (Eriophyoidea, Nalepellidae) with an atypical shape of female internal genitalia collected from </strong><strong><em>Chamaecyparis</em></strong><strong>, </strong><strong><em>Juniperus</em></strong><strong>, and </strong><strong><em>Thuja</em></strong><strong> (Cupressaceae) in the USA</strong><strong></strong></p>
Authors: Chetverikov Philipp , Romanovich A. , Schubert M. , Sukhareva S.I. , Zukoff S. , Amrine Jr J.W. 
Published: May 2020

Typically, females of eriophyoid mites of the large conifer-associated genus Trisetacus Keifer 1952 have long spermathecal tubes, which are at least twice as long as the spermathecae. In this paper, we report on four Trisetacus species collected in the USA from Cupressaceae that possess atypical short spermathecal tubes and demonstrate a distinct reduction trend in leg chaetotaxy when setae lʹ and/or bv II may be absent, and setae ftʹ II are very short. They are: 1) Trisetacus virginianus n. sp. and 2) T. thujae (Garman 1883, = T. thujivagrans Smith 1977a syn. nov.) from indigenous North American conifers Juniperus virginianus and Thuja occidentalis, respectively, and 3) Trisetacus maculatus n. sp. and 4) T. morgantownensis n. sp. from Japanese endemics, Chamaecyparis pisifera and C. obtusa, respectively, introduced to the USA. In these four Trisetacus species, the spermathecal apparatus consists of two drop-shaped segments, each about 2.5‒3 µm long and about 2‒2.5 µm wide, and resembles that of Boczekella, a nalepellid genus restricted to pinacean genera Larix and Pseudolarix. A new subgenus, Brevithecus n. subgen., is erected within the genus Trisetacus to accommodate the four Trisetacus species from Cupressaceae. Future molecular phylogenetic studies are needed to test whether Brevithecus is nested within Trisetacus or represents a separate genus, which may be a sister to either Trisetacus or Boczekella.