bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coulomb Explosion of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Induced by Heavy Cosmic Rays: Carbon Chains Production Rates
Authors: Chabot M. , Béroff K. , Dartois E. , Pino T. , Godard M. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Cosmic rays (CRs) process the matter of the interstellar medium (ISM), not only modifying the interstellar matter but also injecting chemical species in the gas phase. In this work, we study the effect of CRs on astrophysical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). For events in which many electrons are stripped out from the PAHs, coulomb explosion takes place and carbon chains are produced. We computed PAH multi-ionization cross sections with a collisional model. We used another model to predict the fragmentation pattern following coulomb explosion. Experimental measurements were used to assess the validity of the calculations. The production rates of carbon chains were calculated using different CR fluxes and elemental compositions, to account for the variations expected in different astrophysical environments. PAHs with a range of sizes and levels of compactness were explored. As an average over the explored PAHs, the PAH lifetime with respect to a standard interstellar CR flux is found to be on the order of a few billion years. The production rates of chains (5–15 carbons) are slightly below the H2 ionization rate ζ. In the diffuse ISM, with 10% of the available cosmic carbon locked in PAHs, this process leads to carbon chain fractional abundances at steady state, in the range of 10−15–10−14, with a confidence interval of 1 order of magnitude. It reaches 10−13 in quiescent dense clouds. This is not sufficient to explain the observed abundances of carbon chains and complex organic molecules in dense clouds.
3D MHD Modeling of the Impact of Subsurface Stratification on the Solar Dynamo
Authors: Stejko Andrey M. , Guerrero Gustavo , Kosovichev Alexander G. , Smolarkiewicz Piotr K. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Various models of solar subsurface stratification are tested in the global EULAG-MHD solver to simulate diverse regimes of near-surface convective transport. Sub- and superadiabacity are altered at the surface of the model (r > 0.95R
⊙) to either suppress or enhance convective flow speeds in an effort to investigate the impact of the near-surface layer on global dynamics. A major consequence of increasing surface convection rates appears to be a significant alteration of the distribution of angular momentum, especially below the tachocline where the rotational frequency predominantly increases at higher latitudes. These hydrodynamic changes correspond to large shifts in the development of the current helicity in this stable layer (r < 0.72R
⊙), significantly altering its impact on the generation of poloidal and toroidal fields at the tachocline and below, acting as a major contributor toward transitions in the dynamo cycle. The enhanced near-surface flow speed manifests in a global shift of the toroidal field (B

ϕ
) in the butterfly diagram, from a north–south symmetric pattern to a staggered antisymmetric emergence.
X-Ray Emission and Disk Irradiation of HL Tau and HD 100546
Authors: Skinner Stephen L. , Güdel Manuel 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We present new X-ray observations of the optically obscured protostar HL Tau and the intermediate-mass Herbig Be star HD 100546. Both objects are surrounded by spectacular disks showing complex morphology, including rings and gaps that may have been sculpted by protoplanets. HL Tau was detected as a variable hard X-ray source by Chandra, typical of late-type magnetically active coronal sources. No extended X-ray emission was seen along the HL Tau jet, or along the jet of the T Tauri binary system XZ Tau located 23″ to its east. In contrast, HD 100546 was detected by XMM-Newton as a soft X-ray source (kT ≲ 1 keV) with no short-term (<1 day) variability. Its X-ray properties are remarkably similar to the Herbig stars AB Aur and HD 163296, strongly suggesting that their X-ray emission arises from the same mechanism and is intrinsic to the Herbig stars themselves, not due to unseen late-type companions. We consider several possible emission mechanisms and conclude that the X-ray properties of HD 100546 are consistent with an accretion shock origin, but higher resolution grating spectra capable of providing information on individual emission lines are needed to more reliably distinguish between accretion shocks and alternatives. We show that X-ray ionization and heating are mainly confined to the upper disk layers in both HL Tau and HD 100546, and any exoplanets near the midplane at distances ≥1 au are well-shielded from X-rays produced by the central star.
Psychometric Properties and Contribution to Mental Health of the Bulgarian version of the 4-Factor Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire
Authors: Dzhambov Angel M. , Tilov Boris G. , Makakova Desislava R. , Dimitrova Donka D. 
Published: December 2019

Background: The Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire (RTSQ) is a multifaceted measure of general trait rumination. However, there is no instrument for measuring rumination in Bulgarian, which limits progress in the field.
Aim: We aimed to validate the RTSQ in Bulgarian and examine its psychometric properties and contribution to several mental health outcomes.
Materials and methods: We sampled 529 undergraduate students (18 &ndash; 35 years; 33.6% male; 80.9% Bulgarian) from the Medical University in Plovdiv, Bulgaria. They completed a questionnaire asking about rumination (RTSQ), mental health, and sociodemographic information. The RTSQ was first translated to Bulgarian. Its internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach&rsquo;s alpha. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed on the 4-factor RTSQ, and multi-group CFA examined its measurement invariance. Structural equation modelling was used to test the relations between the RTSQ factors, depression, anxiety, and resilience to stress.
Results: The RTSQ had acceptable internal consistency (&alpha; &ge; 0.8) and its 4-factor model had good fit to the data. In addition, its measurement invariance was supported across languages and cultures of administration. We observed differential associations with depression, anxiety, and resilience, with some of the RTSQ factors emerging as maladaptive (problem-focused thoughts and repetitive thoughts), while others as neutral (anticipatory thoughts) or potentially supportive of resilience (counterfactual thinking).
Conclusion: The RTSQ was successfully validated in Bulgarian and represents a reliable measure of trait rumination. It could be useful in gaining further insight into strategies adopted by individuals to cope with stressors and could help develop interventions supporting healthy coping styles. These findings should be replicated in other non-clinical/clinical populations.
Comparison of Radial Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy versus Ultrasound Therapy in the Treatment of Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy
Authors: Dedes Vasileios , Tzirogiannis Konstantinos , Polikandrioti Maria , Dede Ariadni Maria , Nikolaidis Christos , Mitseas Athanasios , Panoutsopoulos Georgios I. 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: People suffering from rotator cuff tendinopathy exhibit reduced mobility due to pain. The pain and the limited functionality affect negatively the overall quality of life.
Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the intensity of pain, the functionality of the upper limbs and the quality of life of patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy by using two different therapeutic modalities, shockwave and ultrasound, whose outcomes were assessed pre-treatment and post-treatment as well as after a 4-week follow-up.
Materials and methods: Out of the total sample of 115 patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy, 56 patients constituted the shockwave intervention group, 47 patients constituted the therapeutic ultrasound group and 12 patients made up the control group. The self-administered questionnaire &ldquo;The University of Peloponnese Pain, Functionality and Quality of Life Questionnaire, UoP &ndash; PFQ&rdquo; was used where the intensity of pain, functionality and quality of life of the upper limbs were evaluated on a five-point Likert scale, pre-treatment, post-treatment and at a 4-week follow-up.
Results: The pain intensity was reduced and both the functionality and quality of life were improved after shockwave therapy post-treatment (p<0.001) and at a 4-week follow-up (p<0.001) compared with those found after the treatment. Similar improvements in all three parameters were also observed after ultrasound treatment but the outcomes were not as pronounced as in the shockwave group.&nbsp;
Conclusion: Both radial shockwave and ultrasound therapies were found to be effective in the treatment of rotator cuff tendinopathy, the statistical analysis showing that radial shockwave therapy was superior to the ultrasound therapy post-treatment and at the 4-week follow-up.
Neuromyelitis Optica and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Association &ndash; the Chicken or the Egg Dilemma: a Case Report
Authors: Chaneva Orlina , Viteva Ekaterina , Trenova Anastasia , Slavov Georgi , Shukerski Krasimir , Manova Maria , Zahariev Zahari 
Published: December 2019

We present a case report of a 32-year-old woman diagnosed with opticomyelitis of Devic (OMD) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The onset of neurological symptoms was with optic neuritis. Five months later the neurological deficit progressed within a few days to lower paraplegia and upper paraparesis, retention of urine and faeces, impaired somatic and deep sensation below the level of Th1 dermatome. The results from laboratory investigations confirmed anaemic syndrome, increased urea and creatinine, hypoproteinemia and severe proteinuria. The results from CSF investigations demonstrated hyperproteinorachia with extremely high Ig fractions. Serum and CSF oligoclonal bands and positive serum Aquaporin IgG 32 times higher than the upper referent limit were found. The association with SLE was confirmed by the increased levels of total ANA and anti-ds-DNA ANA. MRT visualized the spinal cord as non-homogenously hypointense on T1 and extremely hyperintense on FLAIR sequences through its whole length up to the bulbar-pontine region. The MRT findings and the serum Aquaporin IgG confirmed the diagnosis OMD. The patient was treated with intravenous immunomodulating agents.&nbsp;
We consider the presented case of special interest because of the comorbidity of an aggressive autoimmune systemic and an organ-specific disease of the central nervous system.&nbsp;
Bacteremia Following Closed and Open Dental Extraction
Authors: Gavazova Galina , Hristozova Eli , Kisselov Stanimir , Raycheva Ralitsa , Pechalova Petia 
Published: December 2019

Aim: To observe bacteremia following closed and open dental extraction.
Material and methods: The study included two subject groups each comprising 29 participants. Group I patients received a single closed dental extraction, and group II patients &ndash; a single open extraction. Venous blood from the cubital vein of each patient was collected in three samples &ndash; preoperatively, 30 seconds after surgery, and 15 minutes after surgery. Anaerobic and aerobic hemocultures (Bact/ALERT, BioMerieux, Inc., Durhamn, N.C.) were used to study the bacteremia process.
Results: Preoperatively, bacteremia was confirmed in 4 patients (6.9%) undergoing closed extraction and in 1 patient (1.7%) undergoing open extraction. Additionally, we found statistically significant relation between bacteremia and age (p=0.002). Thirty seconds after surgery bacteriemia was evident in 6 patients (10.3%) from group I and in 3 (5.2%) from group II. Fifteen minutes following surgery bacteremia was evident in 4 patients (6.9%) undergoing typical extraction and in one patient (1.7%) undergoing surgical extraction. No statistically significant relation between type of extraction and presence of bacteria in the bloodstream at 30 seconds (p=0.285) and at 15 minutes (p=0.166) was found. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the most frequently found microorganism (22.2% of aerobic and 11.1% of anaerobic hemocultures). The results show greater significance of bacteremia at 30 seconds, compared to preoperative samples for both subject groups (p=0.03).
Conclusions: Bacteremia following dental extraction is unaffected by duration of intervention, type of extraction and gender.
Synthesis of Azide Functionalized Tetrahydrobenzofurans and their Antineoplastic Study
Authors: Pandit Chintan , Kapadiya Khushal M. 
Published: December 2019

Background: In chemistry, the derivatives of benzofuran which are substituted on five-membered ring constitute one of the salient moieties in medicinal field and a survey of literature revealed that a good number of reports have shown that tetrahydrobenzofuran derivatives are of valuable biological activities.
Aim: On the basis of previous survey, we aimed to generate a series of 2-(4-azidobenzoyl)-3-substitutedaryl-6,6-dimethyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydrobenzofuran-4(5H)-one bearing azide group which were identified by anti-cancer screening against sixteen cell-lines of NCI (National Cancer Institute) using nine different cancer cell panels.
Materials and methods: The tetrahydrobenzofuran derivatives were synthesized by multi-component reactions. It was achieved by coupling of dimedone (3.57 mmole), 4-azido phenacyl bromide (3.92 mmole) and various aromatic aldehydes (3.57 mmole) using two different bases i.e. pyridine and N,N- diethylethanamine under reflux condition. Anti-cancer activity was carried out by NCI-60 cell-lines using standard protocol by National Institute of Health.
Results: The results from anti-cancer study shows that the compound 4a exhibited diverse cytotoxic activity against renal cancer panel (UO-31) with significant selectivity and had inhibitory effect on the generation of UO-31 (growth percent= 69.36%) and the compound 4e showed comparable activity in the same cell-line (UO-31: growth percent= 80.86%).
Conclusions: In summary, a series of azide group containing tetrahydrobenzofuran derivatives have been synthesized and were evaluated for their anticancer activity. It was concluded that the derivatives 4a and 4e exhibited promising anticancer activity. Nature of substituent on phenyl ring seems to be the crucial factor affecting the activity in both the compounds.
A Collision between Fibroma and Serous Ovarian Cystadenoma Mimicking Carcinoma
Authors: Shopov Spasimir 
Published: December 2019

Collision tumors represent a coexistence of two adjacent but histologically distinct tumors without histologic admixture in an organ.
Ovarian fibroma is the most common benign stromal tumor. Serous tumors of the ovary are the most common of epithelial tumors. However, a collision between them is a rare pathology mimicking a malignant tumor. We report a 63-year-old woman with sparse postmenopausal bleeding. Ultrasound examination of organs in a small pelvis rounded right ovary formation with hypo and hyperdense sections. Paraclinical: CA125 slightly increased. Histological: collision between two benign ovarian tumors imitating carcinoma.
Changes in Bone Mineral Density of the Proximal Humerus in Koreans: Suture Anchor in Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Park Jin-Young , Kim Myung-Ho 
Published: December 2019

abstract
This study was conducted to obtain data concerning suture failure by identifying the change in bone mineral density in the proximal humerus relative to age and gender. Bone mineral density of the greater tuberosity, humeral head, and surgical neck of the proximal humerus was measured in 175 individuals (74 men and 101 women) aged >40 years. Compared to individuals in their 40s, the bone mineral density of the greater tuberosity of the humerus for women in their 70s showed a 42% decrease and in men a 43% decrease. It is therefore recommended that cadavers used for subsequent research on the fixation strength of suture anchors undergo bone mineral density analysis.
Transmandible Approach for the Treatment of Upper Cervical Spine Metastatic Tumors
Authors: Logroscino Carlo A , Casula Silvia , Riganie Mario , Almadori Giovanni 
Published: December 2019

abstract
The transmandible tongue-splitting approach is a useful and safe procedure for treating secondary lesions of the upper cervical spine, with only minor cosmetic and functional impairment. This method requires a team approach and has the advantage of enhancing the surgical exposure, thus allowing for resection and stabilization on more levels. Two patients with metastases in the upper cervical spine were treated using this approach. In view of a relatively long life expectancy, a marginal resection was performed. The residual instability required a combined approach and internal fixation. Both patients were ambulant, neurologically intact, and pain free 24 and 26 months postoperatively.
The Efficacy of a Single Daily Dose of Enoxaparin for Deep Vein Thrombosis Prophylaxis Following Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Pulido Pamela A , Copp Steven N , Walker Richard H , Reden Lianette M , Hardwick Mary E , Colwell Clifford W 
Published: December 2019

abstract
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a major risk following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This prospective outcomes study evaluates the efficacy of enoxaparin 40 mg once daily for 7 days after TKA, by documenting symptomatic and asymptomatic outcomes using bilateral lower extremity duplex ultrasound upon hospital discharge and on postoperative day 21 (±2). In 60 extremities, duplex ultrasound demonstrated a DVT prevalence of 16.7% (10) on the day of discharge and of 1 1 .7% (7) on postoperative day 21 . No new DVT or propagation of distal to proximal DVT were noted. For this small cohort, enoxaparin 40 mg daily demonstrates effective prophylaxis for DVT in TKA patients.
Effect of Rofecoxib on Pain Caused by Osteoid Osteoma
Authors: Carpintero-Benitez Pedro , Aguirre Maria Angeles , Serrano Jose Antonio , Lluch Mercedes 
Published: December 2019

abstract
In a prospective study, nine patients with osteoid osteoma were treated with a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor (rofecoxib). Patient pain perception with no treatment, with conventional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) treatment, and with rofecoxib therapy was compared using a visual analog scale. Tumor response was also monitored by radiographs, computed tomography, and bone scintigraphy.
In all cases, pain diminished on administration of rofecoxib in comparison to conventional NSAIDs (P<.05). Four patients underwent surgery whereas in the remaining five patients, bone scintigraphy showed reduced uptake after 6 months. In four patients who were retested at 12 months, scintigraphy values were normal. These four patients are currently asymptomatic and are not receiving any treatment, whereas the fifth patient is still receiving therapy.
Las competencias profesionales como factor clave en la metodología didáctica de la comunicación organizacional
Authors: Galarza Fernández E. , Sosa Valcarcel A. , Paniagua Rojano F. J. 
Published: December 2019

<p>Este estudio realiza una propuesta de metodología didáctica para las asignaturas sobre comunicación organizacional que se imparten en las Facultades de Ciencias de la Comunicación en las universidades españolas. Se utiliza el diseño de enfoque dominante o principal, en el que prevalece la Investigación Acción como método cualitativo, que favorece el cambio en los procesos educativos para la transformación social; y al que se le agrega el componente cuantitativo de la encuesta, para evaluar los resultados de la propuesta que aquí se realiza. A partir de la revisión de guías docentes y del análisis de ofertas de empleo se observa que, aunque existe correspondencia entre universidad y empresa en el reconocimiento de competencias como capacidad de análisis, redacción, edición, habilidades relacionales, estrategia y proactividad; no se enseñan habilidades relevantes que demanda el mercado laboral como el trabajo en equipo, la autonomía, el dominio del inglés y el manejo de herramientas tecnológicas propias de la sociedad red. La intervención en el aula y las valoraciones del alumnado demuestran la pertinencia del cambio metodológico propuesto, que sugiere una reflexión necesaria por parte de las facultades de comunicación, los departamentos docentes y las organizaciones profesionales competentes, y al mismo tiempo, incentivan la actitud emprendedora entre los estudiantes. <strong></strong></p>
Implementation of a Pediatric Pharmacy Education Program at a Community Regional Medical Center
Authors: Ferguson Chelsea L. , Ferrell Sarah , Kovey Karen , Young Joanna , Trovinger Sara 
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to implement a web-based pediatric education program designed for pharmacists who participate in neonatal and pediatric order verification at a community-based health system and to evaluate the success through measuring outcomes related to both comfort and competence of pharmacists in pediatric and neonatal pharmacotherapy.

METHODS
This prospective quality improvement study assessed changes in confidence and competence from before to after education. Eight educational modules were designed to provide education based on the needs of this institution. All pharmacists who participate in neonatal and pediatric order verification were eligible for inclusion throughout the health system. Time in the verification queue for pediatric and neonatal medication orders was compared for before to after education as an objective surrogate marker for comfort and competence. A provider survey was conducted before and after education to assess the providers' perspective of the quality and necessity of pharmacist-provider interactions.

RESULTS
All confidence scores showed statistical improvement from before to after education (p &lt; 0.001). Before to after education competency scores significantly improved (median 77% [IQR, 69%–85%] to 100% [IQR, 92%–100%]; p &lt; 0.01). The module with the lowest mean score (87%) was module 4 (Antibiotics Part 1), and the one with highest number of retakes (24 retakes from 16 different pharmacists) was module 5 (Antibiotics Part 2).

CONCLUSIONS
Targeted web-based education effectively improved both confidence and competence among health-system pharmacists to provide pediatric and neonatal care in a community hospital.