bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prognostic significance of the treatment response of regional lymph nodes and the refinement of the current TNM staging system in locally advanced rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Cui Jian , Zhang Lin , Yang Lin , Zhu Yue‐Lu , Fang Hui , Chen Bo , Ning Yi , Zhang Hai‐Zeng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe current TNM staging system uses the same category definitions for both rectal cancer patients with and without neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT). However, ypTNM stage, especially ypN stage does not predict patient survival after NCRT well. Whether tumor regression in lymph nodes (LRG) may improve the prediction has not been well studied. In total, 358 patients with rectal cancer who received NCRT followed by radical resection were recruited from 2004 to 2015, and the median follow‐up time was 57.5 months. The main outcome measure was disease‐free survival (DFS). In univariate analysis, factors associated with DFS were ypT stage, ypN stage, number of negative lymph nodes (NLN), lymph node ratio (LNR), tumor regression grade (TRG), M‐TTRG (modified ypT stage by combining ypT stage and TRG), maximum LRG (LRGmax), sum score of LRG (LRGsum), LRG ratio (average value of LRGsum), and M‐NLRG (modified ypN stage by combining LRGmax and LNR). In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, M‐TTRG and M‐NLRG (p < 0.001 and p = 0.030, respectively) were significantly associated with DFS. The estimated 5‐year DFS rates were 86.6%, 60.3%, and 36.4% for patients with M‐NLRG‐0, M‐NLRG‐1, and M‐NLRG‐2, respectively (p < 0.001). A significant difference in survival was observed among patients with NCRT after incorporating TRG and LRG simultaneously into the current ypTNM staging system (p < 0.001). LRG was an important prognostic factor in rectal cancer patients treated with NCRT and could refine the ypTNM staging system. The modified ypTNM staging system in combination with LRGmax, LNR, and TRG could improve the DFS prediction in each subset of patients.
Dermal mesenchymal stem cells promoted adhesion and migration of endothelial cells by integrin in psoriasis
Authors: Han Qixin , Niu Xuping , Hou Ruixia , Li Junqin , Liu Yamin , Li Xiaofang , Li Juan , Li Yan , Zhang Kaiming , Wu Yan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe unusual dilatation of dermal capillaries and angiogenesis played important roles in psoriasis. Some genes and proteins of dermal mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs) from psoriasis are abnormal and related to the function of endothelial cells (ECs). The present study was aimed to evaluate whether psoriatic DMSCs could affect adhesion and migration of ECs through neovascularization‐related integrins in psoriasis. Human DMSCs, collected from psoriasis lesions and healthy skin, respectively, were cocultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The expression levels of three integrins, that is, αvβ3, αvβ5, and α5β1 in HUVECs were tested by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. The adhesion and migration of HUVECs were detected by adhesion assay and migration assay. The results showed that in psoriasis group, the expression of αVβ3 and α5β1 of HUVECs markedly increased 2.50‐ and 3.71‐fold in messenger RNA levels, and significantly increased 1.63‐ and 1.92‐fold in protein levels, comparing to healthy control group (all p < .05). But β5 was not significantly different between the two groups (p > .05). In addition, compared with control, psoriatic DMSCs promoted HUVECs adhesion by 1.62‐fold and migration by 2.91‐fold (all p < .05). In conclusion, psoriatic DMSCs impact HUVECs adhesion and migration by upregulating the expression of integrins αVβ3 and α5β1.
Self‐Supported Oxygen and Molybdenum Dual‐Doped Cobalt Phosphide Hierarchical Nanomaterials as Superior Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Mu Jianshuai , Xu Jiaying , Zhou Chenmin , Wang Qian , Wang Xiu‐Guang , Liu Zheng‐Yu , Zhao Xiao‐Jun , Yang En‐Cui 
Published: October 2020

AbstractElectrocatalytic water splitting is considered an attractive way to achieve clean and sustainable energy production. Herein, a series of self‐supported oxygen and molybdenum dual‐doped cobalt phosphides grown on Ni foam (O,Mo−CoP/NFs) were prepared. The O,Mo−CoP/NFs exhibited 3D hierarchical morphologies including urchin‐like nanostructures assembled with nanorods and nanoflowers assembled with ultrathin nanosheets. The optimized O,Mo−CoP/NFs‐2 nanoflowers exhibited superior electrocatalytic performance for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), with an overpotential of only 59 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for HER and 301 mV overpotential at 100 mA cm−2 for OER. Moreover, the O,Mo−CoP/NFs‐2 nanoflowers exhibited efficient overall water splitting as low as 1.66 V for 100 mA cm−2 with outstanding long‐term stability, even superior to the commercial Pt−C/NF and RuO2/NF system. The superior activity of self‐supported O,Mo−CoP/NFs‐2 nanoflowers was attributed to the synergistic effect of O and Mo dual doping, which promoted its intrinsic catalytic activity, and its particular morphology of self‐supported 3D hierarchical nanoflowers, which could expose more catalytic sites and enable facile gas escape. Moreover, the device of overall water splitting can be powered by a single AA battery or a 1.5 V solar cell, showing its great potential for practical applications.
Analysis of the Capacitive Behavior of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells during Operation
Authors: Lochner Tim , Perchthaler Markus , Hnyk Franziska , Sick Daniel , Sabawa Jarek P. , Bandarenka Aliaksandr S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe interest in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells for automotive applications is nowadays increasing. To run such systems efficiently, the operating strategy relies on information about the stacks operational conditions. The cell capacitance, in most cases, contains such information and it can be measured in real‐time using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. However, the influence of the operating conditions on the cell capacitance is poorly understood so far. Therefore, this work analyses the influence of the oxygen content and cell voltage. Cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy data show equal hydrogen adsorption charges in oxygen‐free operation. In oxygen‐saturated atmosphere, the adsorption capacitance below 0.40 V is suppressed, probably owing to the fast adsorption of OH*. However, this allows distinction between the oxygen‐free and oxygen‐saturated conditions, as in the first case the total capacitance is significantly larger. Thus, an impedance‐based operation strategy could detect oxygen undersupply in the fuel cells in real‐time.
Self‐reported physical activity, sitting time, and mental and physical health among older cancer survivors compared with adults without a history of cancer
Authors: Rees‐Punia Erika , Patel Alpa V. , Nocera Joseph R. , Chantaprasopsuk Sicha , Demark‐Wahnefried Wendy , Leach Corinne R. , Smith Tenbroeck G. , Cella David , Gapstur Susan M. 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundTo the authors' knowledge, few studies to date have examined associations between moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sitting time with quality of life in cancer survivors compared with a cancer‐free group. The current study examined differences in global mental health (GMH) and global physical health (GPH) across levels of MVPA and sitting among cancer survivors and cancer‐free participants.MethodsCancer Prevention Study II participants (59.9% of whom were female with an age of 77.8 ± 5.8 years) were grouped as: 1) survivors who were 1 to 5 years after diagnosis (3718 participants); 2) survivors who were 6 to 10 years after diagnosis (4248 participants); and 3) cancer‐free participants (ie, no history of cancer; 69,860 participants). In 2009, participants completed MVPA, sitting, and Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System GMH/GPH surveys. Mean differences in GMH and GPH T scores across MVPA (none, 0 to <7.5, 7.5 to <15, 15 to <22.5, and ≥22.5 metabolic equivalent [MET]‐hours/week) and sitting (0 to <3, 3 to <6, and ≥6 hours/day) were assessed using multivariate generalized linear models.ResultsThe mean GMH and GPH scores were statistically significantly higher in cancer‐free participants compared with cancer survivor groups, although the differences were not clinically meaningful (mean difference of 0.52 for GMH and 0.88 for GPH). More MVPA was associated with higher GMH and GPH scores for all 3 groups (P for trend <.001), and differences between the least and most active participants were found to be clinically meaningful (mean differences of ≥4.34 for GMH and ≥6.39 for GPH). Similarly, a lower duration of sitting was associated with higher GMH and GPH scores for all groups (P for trend <.001), with clinically meaningful differences observed between the least and most sedentary participants (mean differences of ≥2.74 for GMH and ≥3.75 for GPH).ConclusionsThe findings of the current study provide evidence of the importance of increased MVPA and decreased sitting for improved health in older adults with or without a prior cancer diagnosis.
Outcomes of adolescent males with extracranial metastatic germ cell tumors: A report from the Malignant Germ Cell Tumor International Consortium
Authors: Shaikh Furqan , Stark Daniel , Fonseca Adriana , Dang Ha , Xia Caihong , Krailo Mark , Pashankar Farzana , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos , Olson Thomas A. , Nicholson James C. , Murray Matthew J. , Amatruda James F. , Billmire Deborah , Stoneham Sara , Frazier A. Lindsay 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundAdolescents with extracranial metastatic germ cell tumors (GCTs) are often treated with regimens developed for children, but their clinical characteristics more closely resemble those of young adult patients. This study was designed to determine event‐free survival (EFS) for adolescents with GCTs and compared them with children and young adults.MethodsAn individual patient database of 11 GCT trials was assembled: 8 conducted by pediatric cooperative groups and 3 conducted by an adult group. Male patients aged 0 to 30 years with metastatic, nonseminomatous, malignant GCTs of the testis, retroperitoneum, or mediastinum who were treated with platinum‐based chemotherapy were included. The age groups were categorized as children (0 to <11 years), adolescents (11 to <18 years), and young adults (18 to ≤30 years). The study compared EFS and adjusted for risk group by using Cox proportional hazards analysis.ResultsFrom a total of 2024 individual records, 593 patients met the inclusion criteria: 90 were children, 109 were adolescents, and 394 were young adults. The 5‐year EFS rate was lower for adolescents (72%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 62%‐79%) than children (90%; 95% CI, 81%‐95%; P = .003) or young adults (88%; 95% CI, 84%‐91%; P = .0002). The International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group risk group was associated with EFS in the adolescent age group (P = .0020). After adjustments for risk group, the difference in EFS between adolescents and children remained significant (hazard ratio, 0.30; P = .001).ConclusionsEFS for adolescent patients with metastatic GCTs was similar to that for young adults but significantly worse than for that children. This finding highlights the importance of coordinating initiatives across clinical trial organizations to improve outcomes for adolescents and young adults.LAY SUMMARY

Adolescent males with metastatic germ cell tumors (GCTs) are frequently treated with regimens developed for children.

In this study, a large data set of male patients with metastatic GCTs across different age groups has been built to understand the outcomes of adolescent patients in comparison with children and young adults.

The results suggest that adolescent males with metastatic GCTs have worse results than children and are more similar to young adults with GCTs. Therefore, the treatment of adolescents with GCTs should resemble therapeutic approaches for young adults.
Polymorphism of Amyloid Fibrils Induced by Catalytic Seeding: A Vibrational Circular Dichroism Study
Authors: Krupová Monika , Kessler Jiří , Bouř Petr 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAmyloidal protein fibrils occur in many biological events, but their formation and structural variability are understood rather poorly. We systematically explore fibril polymorphism for polyglutamic acid (PGA), insulin and hen egg white lysozyme. The fibrils were grown in the presence of “seeds”, that is fibrils of the same or different protein. The seeds in concentrations higher than about 5 % of the total protein amount fully determined the structure of the final fibrils. Fibril structure was monitored by vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy and other techniques. The VCD shapes significantly differ for different fibril samples. Infrared (IR) and VCD spectra of PGA were also simulated using density functional theory (DFT) and a periodic model. The simulation provides excellent basis for data interpretation and reveals that the spectral shapes and signs depend both on fibril length and twist. The understanding of fibril formation and interactions may facilitate medical treatment of protein misfolding diseases in the future.
Genetic parameters, prediction, and selection in a white Guinea yam early‐generation breeding population using pedigree information
Authors: Asfaw Asrat , Aderonmu Dotun Samuel , Darkwa Kwabena , De Koeyer David , Agre Paterne , Abe Ayodeji , Olasanmi Bunmi , Adebola Patrick , Asiedu Robert 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBetter understanding of the genetic control of traits in breeding populations is crucial for the selection of superior varieties and parents. This study aimed to assess genetic parameters and breeding values for six essential traits in a white Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.) breeding population. For this, pedigree‐based best linear unbiased prediction (P‐BLUP) was used. The results revealed significant nonadditive genetic variances and medium to high (.45–.79) broad‐sense heritability estimates for the traits studied. The pattern of associations among the genetic values of the traits suggests that selection based on a multiple‐trait selection index has potential for identifying superior breeding lines. Parental breeding values predicted using progeny performance identified 13 clones with high genetic potential for simultaneous improvement of the measured traits in the yam breeding program. Subsets of progeny were identified for intermating or further variety testing based on additive genetic and total genetic values. Selection of the top 5% progenies based on the multi‐trait index revealed positive genetic gains for fresh tuber yield (t ha−1), tuber yield (kg plant−1), and average tuber weight (kg). However, genetic gain was negative for tuber dry matter content and Yam mosaic virus resistance in comparison with standard varieties. Our results show the relevance of P‐BLUP for the selection of superior parental clones and progenies with higher breeding values for interbreeding and higher genotypic value for variety development in yam.
Diffractive Beam Shaper for Multiwavelength Lasers for Flow Cytometry
Authors: Han Yong , Zhao Jingjing , Jiao Zeheng , Chao Zixi , Tárnok Attila , You Zheng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIllumination spot in a flow cytometer is a crucial factor determining the measurement accuracy and stability. The traditional mechanism is to precisely calibrate multiple optical components to convert circular Gaussian beams into elliptical Gaussian beams, making it difficult to shape multiwavelength lasers simultaneously. A diffractive beam shaper for multicolor lasers with high simplicity, only containing one diffractive optical element and one focusing lens is created in this work. It can produce rectangular spots, of which the number, the sizes, and the positions are accurately determined by the incident wavelengths. Demonstrated in the customized microflow cytometer, the coefficient of variations (CV) of the optical signals by the beam shaper are 3.6–6.5%, comparable to those derived from the commercial instrument with 3.3–6.3% CVs. Benefiting from the narrow rectangular spots and the flexibility of diffractively shaped lasers, the measurement of bead sizes with 4–15 μm diameters and the real‐time detection of flow velocity from 0.79 to 9.50 m/s with the CV of <5% are achieved. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
A tale of two seasons: The link between seasonal migration and climatic niches in passerine birds
Authors: Eyres Alison , Böhning‐Gaese Katrin , Orme C. David L. , Rahbek Carsten , Fritz Susanne A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe question of whether migratory birds track a specific climatic niche by seasonal movements has important implications for understanding the evolution of migration, the factors affecting species' distributions, and the responses of migrants to climate change. Despite much research, previous studies of bird migration have produced mixed results. However, whether migrants track climate is only one half of the question, the other being why residents remain in the same geographic range year‐round. We provide a literature overview and test the hypothesis of seasonal niche tracking by evaluating seasonal climatic niche overlap across 437 migratory and resident species from eight clades of passerine birds. Seasonal climatic niches were based on a new global dataset of breeding and nonbreeding ranges. Overlap between climatic niches was quantified using ordination methods. We compared niche overlap of migratory species to two null expectations, (a) a scenario in which they do not migrate and (b) in comparison with the overlap experienced by closely related resident species, while controlling for breeding location and range size. Partly in accordance with the hypothesis of niche tracking, we found that the overlap of breeding versus nonbreeding climatic conditions in migratory species was greater than the overlap they would experience if they did not migrate. However, this was only true for migrants breeding outside the tropics and only relative to the overlap species would experience if they stayed in the breeding range year‐round. In contrast to the hypothesis of niche tracking, migratory species experienced lower seasonal climatic niche overlap than resident species, with significant differences between tropical and nontropical species. Our study suggests that in seasonal nontropical environments migration away from the breeding range may serve to avoid seasonally harsh climate; however, different factors may drive seasonal movements in the climatically more stable tropical regions.
Field‐based individual plant phenotyping of herbaceous species by unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Guo Wei , Fukano Yuya , Noshita Koji , Ninomiya Seishi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Recent advances in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAVs) and image processing have made high‐throughput field phenotyping possible at plot/canopy level in the mass grown experiment. Such techniques are now expected to be used for individual level phenotyping in the single grown experiment.

We found two main challenges of phenotyping individual plants in the single grown experiment: plant segmentation from weedy backgrounds and the estimation of complex traits that are difficult to measure manually.

In this study, we proposed a methodological framework for field‐based individual plant phenotyping by UAV. Two contributions, which are weed elimination for individual plant segmentation, and complex traits (volume and outline) extraction, have been developed. The framework demonstrated its utility in the phenotyping of Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke), an herbaceous perennial plant species.

The proposed framework can be applied to either small and large scale phenotyping experiments.
Equality, diversity, inclusion: ensuring a resilient future for geomorphology
Authors: Tooth Stephen , Viles Heather A. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTWithin and beyond academia, debates around equality, diversity and inclusion (EDI) have been gathering pace. We focus on EDI and geomorphology and address four main questions: (1) why does EDI matter for geomorphology?; (2) what are the barriers to greater EDI in geomorphology?; (3) how can we address these EDI barriers?; (4) can we ensure a resilient future for geomorphology by addressing EDI? At a time of critical environmental, social and economic transition, we contend that addressing EDI is essential for ensuring a resilient geomorphology, defined here as a discipline that is seen to be adapting to these changing external circumstances so that it remains relevant, vibrant and accessible to a wide cross‐section of society. Not doing so will limit the intellectual development of geomorphology, incur reputational risk for geomorphological groups and organizations like the British Society for Geomorphology, and ensure that the many potential benefits of geomorphology for science and society remain underutilized at best. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In Vitro Biotransformation Assays Using Liver S9 Fractions and Hepatocytes from Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Overcoming Challenges with Difficult to Test Fragrance Chemicals
Authors: Kropf Christian , Begnaud Frédéric , Gimeno Sylvia , Berthaud Fabienne , Debonneville Christian , Segner Helmut 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In vitro metabolic stability assays using rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) isolated hepatocytes (RT-HEP) or hepatic S9 fractions (RT-S9) were introduced to provide biotransformation rate data for the assessment of chemical bioaccumulation in fish. The present study explored the suitability of the RT-HEP and RT-S9 assays for difficult test chemicals, and the in vitro–based predictions were compared to in silico–based predictions and in vivo–measured bioconcentration factors (BCFs). The results show that volatile or reactive chemicals can be tested with minor modifications of the in vitro protocols. For hydrophobic chemicals, a passive dosing technique was developed. Finally, a design-of-experiment approach was used to identify optimal in vitro assay conditions. The modified assay protocols were applied to 10 fragrances with diverse physicochemical properties. The in vitro intrinsic clearance rates were higher in the S9 than in the hepatocyte assay, but the in vitro–in vivo (IVIV) predictions were comparable between the 2 assays. The IVIV predictions classified the test chemicals as nonbioaccumulative (BCF &lt; 2000), which was in agreement with the in vivo data but in contrast to the in silico–based predictions. The findings from the present study provide strong evidence that the RT-HEP and RT-S9 assays can provide reliable estimates of in vivo biotransformation rates for test chemicals with difficult physicochemical properties. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2396–2408. © 2020 SETAC
Abstract
Difficult-to-test fragrance chemicals, challenges of in vitro bioconcentration factor assessment, and comparison to in silico and in vivo predictions. BCF = bioconcentration factor; KOW = octanol–water partition coefficient.