bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Placement of a single anterior odontoid screw for type II odontoid fractures in a setting with limited resources
Authors: Ashry Ahmed Hamdy , Aboul-Ela Hashem Mohamed 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundTreatment of odontoid fractures with odontoid screws is an established method for fusion. However, it is facilitated by using advanced equipment in the operating theatre not always available as in developing countries.ObjectivesIn this study we aim to outline the important key points for successful placement of odontoid screw in the absence of advanced tools, e.g. navigation or O-arm.Materials and methodsFifteen patients suffering from type II odontoid fractures were managed with single odontoid screw. Reduction of the fractures was achieved. A simple instrument set was used with the help of a single plane image intensifier. Longitudinal incision was used in 4 cases, and transverse incision was used in the remaining eleven cases. Anatomical identification of the midline helped to mark the entry point. The entry point used was millimetres below the anteroinferior edge of the axis vertebra. A short-headed screw was used.ResultsRoad traffic accident was the only mechanism of trauma reported in our study. All of the patients were neurologically intact. All of the patients remained neurologically intact after the procedure. There were no instances of wrong trajectory of the screw in our study. During follow-up, we found good union of all the fractures. Only 2 cases suffered from mild dysphagia.ConclusionFixation of odontoid fractures by anterior odontoid screws appears to be a safe and feasible procedure even in underequipped theatres. Anatomical knowledge helps in determining midline. Various modifications can help in overcoming shortcomings.
CYP2D6 Genotype–Guided Tamoxifen Dosing in Hormone Receptor–Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer (TARGET-1): A Randomized, Open-Label, Phase II Study
Authors: Tamura Kenji , Imamura Chiyo K. , Takano Toshimi , Saji Shigehira , Yamanaka Takeharu , Yonemori Kan , Takahashi Masato , Tsurutani Junji , Nishimura Reiki , Sato Kazuhiko , Kitani Akira , Ueno Naoto T. , Mushiroda Taisei , Kubo Michiaki , Fujiwara Yasuhiro , Tanigawara Yusuke 
Published: December 2019

PURPOSE In patients taking tamoxifen, the CYP2D6 genotype causes different exposure of active metabolite endoxifen. The objective of this randomized, open-label, multicenter, phase II study was to prospectively evaluate whether CYP2D6 genotype–guided tamoxifen dosing in patients with hormone receptor–positive metastatic breast cancer could have an impact on the clinical outcome. METHODS Patients who needed first-line tamoxifen therapy were enrolled. Based on individual CYP2D6 genotype, patients heterozygous (wild type [wt]/variant [V]) or homozygous (V/V) for variant alleles of decreased or no function were randomly assigned to receive tamoxifen at an increased dose (ID arm; 40 mg daily) or regular dose (RD arm; 20 mg daily), and patients homozygous for wild-type alleles (wt/wt) received tamoxifen at 20 mg daily. The primary endpoint was the progression-free survival (PFS) rate at 6 months. The secondary endpoints included PFS and correlation of Z-endoxifen concentration with clinical outcomes. RESULTS Between December 2012 and July 2016, 186 patients were enrolled in Japan. Of 184 evaluable patients, 136 carried wt/V or V/V (ID arm, 70; RD arm, 66), and 48 carried wt/wt. PFS rates at 6 months were not significantly different between the ID and RD arms (67.6% v 66.7%). The serum trough concentrations of Z-endoxifen in the ID arm were significantly higher than those in the RD arm (median, 89.2 nM v 51.1 nM; P < .0001) and were also higher compared with wt/wt patients (72.0 nM; P = .045). No significant difference in Z-endoxifen concentrations was observed between patients with disease progression and those who were progression free at 6 months ( P = .43). CONCLUSION In patients with CYP2D6-variant alleles, increasing tamoxifen dosing did not achieve a higher PFS rate at 6 months. The CYP2D6 genotype solely cannot explain individual variability in the efficacy of tamoxifen.
Increased Serum Sclerostin Levels in Patients With Active Acromegaly
Authors: Pekkolay Zafer , Kılınç Faruk , Gozel Nevzat , Önalan Ebru , Tuzcu Alpaslan Kemal 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Context
Bone mineral density is normal in acromegalic patients and the cause of increased fracture risk that characterizes active acromegaly is unknown.

Objective
This study compared serum sclerostin levels between patients with active acromegaly and healthy individuals.

Design, Setting, and Participants
The serum sclerostin levels of patients with active acromegaly were compared with those of healthy volunteers in a cross-sectional study. The mean age of the 30 acromegaly patients (male/female: 14/16) was 47.26 ± 12.52 years (range, 18–64 years) and that of the healthy volunteers (male/female: 17/13) was 44.56 ± 10.74 years (range, 19–62 years). IGF-1 and GH levels were measured using an electrochemiluminescence method, and serum sclerostin levels using an ELISA. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare sclerostin levels between the 2 groups. The correlations of sclerostin level with IGF-1 and GH were determined using Spearman’s test.

Results
The 2 groups did not differ in age or sex (P &gt; 0.05). The median GH and IGF-1 levels in the patient group were 2.49 ng/mL (range, 0.22–70.00 ng/mL) (interquartile range [IQR], 1.3–4.52) and 338.5 ng/mL (range, 147–911 ng/mL) (IQR, 250–426), respectively. The median GH and IGF-1 levels in the control group were 0.95 ng/mL (range, 0.3-2.3) and 144 ng/mL (range, 98–198), respectively. The median sclerostin level was 29.95 ng/mL (range, 7.5–78.1 ng/mL) (IQR, 14.37–37.47) in the acromegaly group and 22.44 ng/mL (range, 8.45–36.44 ng/mL) (IQR, 13.71–27.52) in the control group (P &lt; 0.05). There was a moderate positive correlation between the sclerostin and IGF-1 levels (rho = 0.54; P &lt; 0.01), and between the sclerostin and GH levels (rho = 0.41; P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
High sclerostin levels may contribute to the increased fracture risk seen in patients with acromegaly.
Examination of new parameters for sex determination of mandible using Japanese computer tomography data
Authors: Suzuki Kei , Nakano Hiroyuki , Inoue Kazuya , Nakajima Yoichiro , Mizobuchi Sho , Omori Michi , Kato-Kogoe Nahoko , Mishima Katsuaki , Ueno Takaaki 
Published: December 2019

Objective: In the field of forensic science, sex discrimination of skeletons is an important identification item for personal identification. The individual sex discrimination method using skeletons includes a determination method using measurement values and a macroscopic form observation method. Both methods have advantage and disadvantage. In this study, we used the homologous model technique and principal component (PC) analysis to determine gender difference from morphology of the mandible. Methods and materials: 45 patients (23 males and 22 females) of CT imaging for tooth extraction from January 2018 to March 2019 at department of oral surgery, Osaka Medical College. The mean age was 43.1 ± 14.6. Patients with less than 14 remaining teeth were excluded because the number of remaining teeth may affect the shape of the mandible. 3D images were constructed, and 20 landmarks plotting on the 3D model surfaces. We generated template models of the mandible consisting of approximately 8434 polygons. The template model automatically fitted into the individually scanned point cloud of the mandible by minimising external and internal energy functions. As described above, the mandibles were constructed for each sample by using the Homologous Body Modeling software (HBM, Digital Human Technology, Inc.) and the mHBM-Rugle (Medic Engineering Corporation). The mandibles were analysed using the PCA. Results: The contribution of the most important PC was found to be 27.2%. 12 PCs explained over 75% of the total variance. That is, it was able to express 75% or more of the mandible expression with 12 PCs. A significant difference between male and female was observed in the first PCs (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.05). Visualising the result of the first PC showed that the mandibular branch of male was larger than that of female, and the mandible angle was overhanging outside. Conclusion: This method is a combination of the determination method using the previous measurement values and the determination using macroscopic observation, and is considered to be innovative method.
High-temperature stable fiber Bragg gratings with ultrastrong cladding modes written using the phase mask technique and an infrared femtosecond laser
Authors: Abdukerim Nurmemet , Grobnic Dan , Hnatovsky Cyril , Mihailov Stephen J. 
Published: December 2019

Bragg gratings with ultrastrong cladding modes are inscribed in a standard telecom optical fiber (i.e., SMF-28) using the phase mask technique and an infrared femtosecond laser. 1000°C-resistant fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) whose cladding modes exceed 30 dB in transmission and spectrally span more than 250 nm can be produced with only a few (i.e., less than five) laser pulses, provided that the light intensity in the fiber core is kept at the level of

∼

6

×

10

13

W

/

c
m

2

. The use of FBGs fabricated under the above conditions for refractometry is demonstrated.
Performing freedom: Massive protest in the Catalan sovereignty process: From smiling to resisting
Authors: Bartumeus Sara , Vendrell Ester 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Political activism, performativity and social empowerment in contemporary public space are examined with a multi-disciplinary approach to analyse the mass choreographies organized in the sovereignty process of Catalonia. Through the lenses of the performing, visual and environmental arts (dance and architecture), this research looks at the interplay between public space and performance in collective protests, and its roles in shaping the collective experience and in the construction of the commoning.
The study focuses on the largest peaceful marches ever organized in contemporary Europe, annually from 2012 to 2017 on September 11 (Catalonia National Day), by Catalan cultural and political activist associations (ANC and Òmniun Cultural) as massive collective actions in support of an independent republic state for Catalonia.
The research aims to identify the unique elements of these long-time planned choreographies, and the repeated and embodied ones that are constructing a social identity influential in current semi-improvised protests.
The choreography, iconography and impact of the protests are examined at different scales, from the emotional human experience and its local dissemination in social media, to the impressive visual experience of the aerial images at the city and the geographic scale, designed to be broadcasted live by global media. The study's goal is highlighting the design-thinking involved in these massive, peaceful and artistic expressions of emancipatory will, and its role and impact in the collective empowerment, the internal cohesion and the internationalization of the conflict in search of global empathy.
Spectacular malaise: Art and the end of history
Authors: Lang Martin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article makes two main claims: that Debord's concept of the 'integrated spectacle' is related to end of History narratives and that the related concept of 'disinformation' is manifested in new forms of media-driven warfare. These claims are substantiated through a comparative analysis between Debord's texts and contemporary politics, primarily as described by Adam Curtis and by the RETORT collective. The resulting understanding of our contemporary politics is a situation where subjects who appear to be free, are in fact only free to choose between competing brands of neo-liberalism that manipulate and baffle to obfuscate their true agendas. This situation is termed a 'spectacular malaise'. The article then critiques post-Marxist claims to a re-birth of History and therefore a potential end to the spectacular malaise. It argues that the Arab Spring and Occupy movement did not signal an end to the end of History, as they were unable to articulate an alternative vision. This situation is compared to the last days of the Soviet Union, when change also seemed unimaginable. It identifies Mark Fisher's call for activists to demonstrate alternative possibilities and reveal contingency in apparently natural orders to counter the spectacular malaise. Three art collectives are considered as potential candidates to take up this challenge: Women on Waves, Voina and SUPERFLEX. The article concludes that while making actual social and political change is useful for demonstrating alternative possibilities, it is art's symbolic value that reveals contingency and strikes at the heart of the spectacular malaise.
From the reflective to the post-personal teacher
Authors: Brady Alison M. 
Published: December 2019

Effective teaching is often connected to reflective practice. Reflection not only involves recording thoughts about what went well (or not) after class, but also to consider examples of potential bias in (re)actions to certain situations, and indeed, to one’s own evaluations of educational activities. This relates to the drive towards greater objectivity in education, and an emphasis on making educational practices and their evaluation explicit. In ‘Transcendence of the Ego’, Sartre (2004) outlines a theory in which a ‘pre-personal’ self produces itself through reflection. This production is unavoidable, and yet dangerous in how it is conflated with a more fundamental ‘pre-reflective’ state of being. This ‘pre-personal’ self, as the very foundation of consciousness, is only experienced in moments when one is fully absorbed in a task, conscious but unaware, uninterrupted by thoughts or reflections that might disrupt this ‘raptured’ state of being. Complete immersions in the task at hand find their place within educational settings, and thus, what Sartre deems as the move from the ‘pre-personal’ to the ‘produced’ self is relevant for teaching. But so too is what comes after that sense of exposure recedes. Such absorption in the task of teaching leads to might be called a ‘post-personal’ self and is often when moments of ‘good teaching’ can be found. But this proclivity for reflective action can disrupt the flow of such immersive events. This is dangerous for two reasons. Firstly, it frames teaching within a particular ‘temporality’ that fails to allow for the performance of teaching in the present moment. Secondly, it fails to account for what the experience of teaching entails. This paper attempts to argue for the space and value of such forms of suspension, and to call into question the overly metricised way in which teachers are expected to reflect.
Performance of Afinion HbA1c measurements in general practice as judged by external quality assurance data
Authors: Stavelin Anne , Flesche Kristine , Tollaanes Mette , Christensen Nina Gade , Sandberg Sverre 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
It has been debated whether point-of care (POC) glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) measurements methods can be used for diagnosing persons with diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the analytical performance of the POC Afinion HbA1c system in the hands of the users, and to investigate which predictors that were associated with good participant performance.

Methods
External quality assurance (EQA) data from seven surveys in 2017–2018 with a total of 5809 Afinion participants from a POC total quality system in Norway were included in this study (response rate 90%). The control materials were freshly drawn pooled EDTA whole blood. Each participant was evaluated against the analytical performance specification of ±6% from the target value, while the Afinion system was evaluated against the pooled within-laboratory CV <2%, the between-laboratory CV <3.5%, and bias <0.3%HbA1c. Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate which factors were associated with good participant performance.

Results
The participant pass rates for each survey varied from 98.2% to 99.7%. The pooled within-laboratory CV varied from 1.3% to 1.5%, the between-laboratory CV varied from 1.5% to 2.1%, and bias varied between −0.17 and −0.01 %HbA1c in all surveys. Reagent lot was the only independent factor to predict good participant performance.

Conclusions
Afinion HbA1c fulfilled the analytical performance specifications and is robust in the hands of the users. It can therefore be used both in diagnosing and monitoring persons with diabetes mellitus, given that the instrument is monitored by an EQA system.
Karl Löwiths Kritik der geschichtlichen Existenz
Authors: Fagniez Guillaume 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper examines the “critique of historical existence” as a main theme in Karl Löwith’s philosophical works and discusses its emergence, its exact meaning and its contemporary relevance. First, the study shows that Löwith’s critique of History stems from his preoccupation with the question of nihilism. He first discusses the question of “the world as such” in the 1920’s in the context of his anthropological project, and then again in the 1930’s as part of his interpretation of the work of Nietzsche. Secondly, a distinction is proposed between, on the one hand, Löwith’s investigation into the “theological background of the philosophy of history” and, on the other hand, his radical criticism of history as a “historical world”. Finally, the paper sheds light on the difficulties that challenge the project of overcoming the modern historical paradigm, and goes on to discuss the new relevance that Löwith’s philosophy could have today in order to think anew the relationship between nature and history.
Resizing: A Brief Review of Restoration and Conservation Literature from the 17th to the 21st Century
Authors: Hummert Eva 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
From the first half of the seventeenth century until the beginning of the twentieth century resizing was common practice after each aqueous treatment to replace the loss of original sizing, but it is used much less frequently today. As already described in early sources, resizing in modern conservation practice still serves three main purposes: increasing mechanical stability, modifying the surface texture of abraded papers by decreasing their surface roughness and consolidating loosened fibres and preparing the paper substrate for inpainting. Today’s practice, however, differentiates more carefully between an improvement in mechanical stability and increased resistance to physical and chemical degradation processes. While previously almost exclusively protein glues were used for resizing, today gelatine and cellulose ethers are among the most commonly used sizing agents. The solution concentrations used for resizing have significantly decreased: gelatine is used in 0.5 % (w/v) to 1 % (w/v) solutions today, while historic literature recommends 1.6 % (w/v) to 3.5 % (w/v) protein glues. Concerning application techniques, mainly immersion, closely related to tub sizing used during paper manufacture and local or overall brush applications were used for historic sizing. Spraying, which was introduced at the beginning of the second half of the twentieth century, is recommended for resizing drawings to prevent friable media from being smudged.
Responsabilidad ética de educadores y educandos desde una perspectiva humanista
Authors: Barrantes Montero Luis Guillermo 
Published: December 2019

Recibido 17 de octubre de 2012 • Corregido 02 de febrero de 2013 • Aceptado 13 de marzo de 2013
Esta obra es una reflexión sobre la necesidad de la responsabilidad ética en centros de educación superior, tanto por profesores y alumnos. Los objetivos son dos: Primero, identificar las razones del comportamiento corrupto en algunos graduados universitarios, una vez que entran en la mano de obra o servicio público. En segundo lugar, representar formas mediante las cuales la gente educada puede formar y promover una cosmovisión ética en la sociedad. Se concluye que la educación vista como un privilegio y como un compromiso induce la virtud de gratitud y, en consecuencia, un comportamiento ético y humanista.
Espacios accesibles en la escuela inclusiva
Authors: Solórzano Salas María Julieta 
Published: December 2019

Recibido 11 de setiembre de 2012 • Corregido 28 de febrero de 2013 • Aceptado 13 de marzo de 2013Este artículo de revisión bibliográfica trata, específicamente, el tópico de la accesibilidad física, requerimiento indispensable en las instituciones educativas para garantizar entornos inclusivos que permitan, a las personas integrantes de la comunidad educativa, el ejercicio autónomo de sus deberes y derechos. Además, se sintetizan propuestas teóricas –como el diseño universal–, las cuales pueden guiar, en la valoración y consecución de espacios accesibles, al personal de las instituciones educativas y a profesionales vinculados con la gestión del espacio.
El apoyo de estudiantes para la atención de las necesidades educativas: Una estrategia del proyecto UNA educación de calidad de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica
Authors: Fontana Hernández Angélica , Sánchez León Marcela 
Published: December 2019

Recibido 21 de octubre de 2012 • Corregido 12 de marzo de 2013 • Aceptado 13 de marzo de 2013
En 1998 se crea, en la Universidad Nacional, el proyecto UNA educación de calidad, el cual proporciona atención directa a estudiantes que presentan una condición de discapacidad o necesidades educativas en su formación profesional. De acuerdo con la experiencia generada desde el quehacer del proyecto en el contexto universitario, en los años 2008 y 2010, el equipo de trabajo tomó la decisión de valorar las labores desarrolladas con el grupo de estudiantes de apoyo, para conocer los alcances en la atención proporcionada y promover los cambios requeridos. Este proceso se llevó a cabo mediante la modalidad de talleres, la cual permitía integrar la actuación de cada participante, tanto en forma individual como en grupo y en diferentes momentos. Se utilizaron guías de trabajo en grupo, con sesiones de discusión sobre el concepto de necesidades educativas y de análisis de las formas de apoyo utilizadas; un instrumento con frases incompletas; se presentó un video alusivo a la temática abordada, y se finalizó con una discusión sobre los sentimientos y emociones generadas durante las labores de apoyo. Entre los principales hallazgos se destaca la diversificación de las formas de apoyo desplegadas por cada estudiante para atender las necesidades educativas de sus pares, según las condiciones personales y sociales de cada uno, así como de la diversificación de los espacios de interacción e intercambio construidos, lo cual les permitió, a ambos grupos de estudiantes, una reconstrucción del concepto tradicional del término de discapacidad y un mayor desarrollo de las habilidades y destrezas personales y sociales para su permanencia en el contexto universitario, asimismo para su inclusión social y laboral. Se presentan recomendaciones en la atención a la población estudiantil que participa del Proyecto, particularmente en la diversificación de las formas de apoyo y seguimiento, siendo un desafío para el quehacer cotidiano del proyecto UNA educación de calidad.