bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of a chattering‐free integral terminal sliding mode approach for DFIG‐based wind energy systems
Authors: Morshed Mohammad Javad , Fekih Afef 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThis article proposes a Fuzzy Second Order Integral Terminal Sliding Mode (FSOITSM) control approach for DFIG‐based wind turbines subject to grid faults and parameter variations. Since traditional terminal sliding mode control (SMC) suffers from singularity, a novel integral terminal sliding manifold is proposed to eliminate chattering and improve the wind turbine's performance in the presence of faults and disturbances. A fuzzy system is proposed to auto‐tune the controllers' gains and ensures the invariance of the sliding surfaces even under heavy uncertainties, thus further improving the reliability and performance of the proposed controller. The performance of the proposed approach was assessed under various operating conditions. A comparison analysis with a standard SMC approach as well as the state of the art in voltage sag mitigation was also carried over. Reliability, robustness, and power availability under faulty grid conditions are among the main features of the proposed approach. In addition, the proposed approach exhibited chattering free dynamics and enabled the finite time convergence of the sliding manifold and overcame the singularity problem associated with standard TSMC.
Tomographic description of the root canal system of mandibular first premolars in Colombian population
Authors: Alfonso‐Rodríguez Camilo A. , Garzón Bello Ingrid , Luisa Muñoz Ana , Jaimes Monroy Gustavo , Guevara Elías , Palacios Luis Gabriel , Quiroga Juan Carlos 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe success of endodontic treatment depends on a good knowledge of the root canal system. Aim: The purpose of this study was to describe the anatomical configuration of mandibular first premolars using cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a group of Colombian population according to Vertucci's classification, as well as the frequency of the presence of anatomical variations.Materials and MethodsA descriptive study was carried out using 100 mandibular first premolars to obtain CBCT images. The root length, root curvature, configuration of the root canals, number and location of the apical foramen, and shape of the entrance orifice to the root canal were analyzed.ResultsThe average length of the mandibular first premolars was 21.16 mm, and 33% showed different grades of the curvature. The most frequent configuration was type I (53%), and the least common were types VII and VIII (1%). Eighty‐three teeth had some anatomical variations, and the apical foramen was located laterally in 38%. There was a high incidence of oval canals 1C1 (67%), followed by 1A1 (27%).ConclusionA mixture of phenotypes leads to multiple anatomical variations in mandibular first premolars between individuals within a population. Herein, CBCT provided useful information about root canal anatomical variations of mandibular first premolars in Colombian population. Type I was the most frequently found configuration, and anatomical variations occurred more frequently in the middle third.
Targeting the KDM4B–AR–c‐Myc axis promotes sensitivity to androgen receptor‐targeted therapy in advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Tang Dong‐E , Dai Yong , He Jia‐Xi , Lin Lie‐Wen , Leng Qi‐Xin , Geng Xin‐Yan , Fu De‐Xue , Jiang Hao‐Wu , Xu Song‐Hui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe histone demethylase KDM4B functions as a key co‐activator for the androgen receptor (AR) and plays a vital in multiple cancers through controlling gene expression by epigenetic regulation of H3K9 methylation marks. Constitutively active androgen receptor confers anti‐androgen resistance in advanced prostate cancer. However, the role of KDM4B in resistance to next‐generation anti‐androgens and the mechanisms of KDM4B regulation are poorly defined. Here we found that KDM4B is overexpressed in enzalutamide‐resistant prostate cancer cells. Overexpression of KDM4B promoted recruitment of AR to the c‐Myc (MYC) gene enhancer and induced H3K9 demethylation, increasing AR‐dependent transcription of c‐Myc mRNA, which regulates the sensitivity to next‐generation AR‐targeted therapy. Inhibition of KDM4B significantly inhibited prostate tumor cell growth in xenografts, and improved enzalutamide treatments through suppression of c‐Myc. Clinically, KDM4B expression was found upregulated and to correlate with prostate cancer progression and poor prognosis. Our results revealed a novel mechanism of anti‐androgen resistance via histone demethylase alteration which could be targeted through inhibition of KDM4B to reduce AR‐dependent c‐Myc expression and overcome resistance to AR‐targeted therapies. © 2020 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A conditional mouse expressing an activating mutation in NRF2 displays hyperplasia of the upper gastrointestinal tract and decreased white adipose tissue
Authors: Bowman Brittany M , Montgomery Stephanie A , Schrank Travis P , Simon Jeremy M , Ptacek Travis S , Tamir Tigist Y , Mulvaney Kathleen M , Weir Seth J , Nguyen Tuong T , Murphy Ryan M , Makowski Liza , Hayes D Neil , Chen Xiaoxin L , Randell Scott H , Weissman Bernard E , Major Michael B 
Published: July 2020

AbstractActivation of the nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2 (NFE2L2 or NRF2) transcription factor is a critical and evolutionarily conserved cellular response to oxidative stress, metabolic stress, and xenobiotic insult. Deficiency of NRF2 results in hypersensitivity to a variety of stressors, whereas its aberrant activation contributes to several cancer types, most commonly squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus, oral cavity, bladder, and lung. Between 10% and 35% of patients with squamous cell carcinomas display hyperactive NRF2 signaling, harboring activating mutations and copy number amplifications of the NFE2L2 oncogene or inactivating mutations or deletions of KEAP1 or CUL3, the proteins of which co‐complex to ubiquitylate and degrade NRF2 protein. To better understand the role of NRF2 in tumorigenesis and more broadly in development, we engineered the endogenous Nfe2l2 genomic locus to create a conditional mutant LSL‐Nrf2E79Q mouse model. The E79Q mutation, one of the most commonly observed NRF2‐activating mutations in human squamous cancers, codes for a mutant protein that does not undergo KEAP1/CUL3‐dependent degradation, resulting in its constitutive activity. Expression of NRF2 E79Q protein in keratin 14 (KRT14)‐positive murine tissues resulted in hyperplasia of squamous cell tissues of the tongue, forestomach, and esophagus, a stunted body axis, decreased weight, and decreased visceral adipose depots. RNA‐seq profiling and follow‐up validation studies of cultured NRF2E79Q murine esophageal epithelial cells revealed known and novel NRF2‐regulated transcriptional programs, including genes associated with squamous cell carcinoma (e.g. Myc), lipid and cellular metabolism (Hk2, Ppard), and growth factors (Areg, Bmp6, Vegfa). These data suggest that in addition to decreasing adipogenesis, KRT14‐restricted NRF2 activation drives hyperplasia of the esophagus, forestomach, and tongue, but not formation of squamous cell carcinoma. © 2020 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk factors for mixed chimerism in children with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis after reduced toxicity conditioning
Authors: Wustrau Katharina , Greil Johann , Sykora Karl‐Walter , Albert Michael H. , Burkhardt Birgit , Lang Peter , Meisel Roland , Wössmann Wilhelm , Beier Rita , Schulz Ansgar , Bader Peter , Chada Martin , Kühl Jörn‐Sven , Schlegel Paul‐Gerhardt , Speckmann Carsten , Gruhn Bernd , Seidel Markus , Wawer Angela , Ozga Ann‐Kathrin , Janka Gritta , Ehl Stephan , Müller Ingo , Lehmberg Kai 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundReduced toxicity conditioning for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation of patients with hemophagocyticlymphohistiocytosis (HLH) results in favorable survival, however at the expense of relevant rates of mixed chimerism. Factors predisposing to mixed chimerism remain to be determined.ProcedurePatients with primary HLH transplanted 2009‐2016 after treosulfan‐ or melphalan‐based conditioning regimens were analyzed in a retrospective multicenter study for survival, engraftment, chimerism, and adverse events. Mixed chimerism was considered substantial if < 25% donor chimerism occurred and/or if secondary cell therapy was administered. Donor type, graft source, type of alkylating agent, type of serotherapy, and remission status were analyzed as potential risk factors in a multivariable logistic regression model.ResultsAmong 60 patients, engraftment was achieved in 95%, and the five‐year estimated overall survival rate was 75%. Prevalence of any recipient chimerism was 48%. Substantial recipient chimerism was recorded in 32% of patients. Secondary post‐HSCT cell therapy was administered in 30% of patients. A human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐mismatched donor (< 10/10) was the only significant risk factor for the occurrence of substantial recipient chimerism (P = 0.01; odds ratio, 5.8; CI 95%, 1.5‐26.3).ConclusionThe use of an HLA‐matched donor is the most important factor to avoid substantial recipient chimerism following treosulfan ‐or melphalan‐based conditioning in primary HLH.
Peptides in Plasma, Urine, and Dialysate: Toward Unravelling Renal Peptide Handling
Authors: He Tianlin , Pejchinovski Martin , Mullen William , Beige Joachim , Mischak Harald , Jankowski Vera 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe peptidomes of spent hemodialysate, urine, and plasma are investigated, to shed light on peptide handling in the kidney.Experimental DesignFifteen plasma, 15 urine, and 13 spent hemodialysate samples are collected from age‐ and sex‐matched subjects with chronic kidney disease. Peptide identification and quantification are performed with capillary electrophoresis‐coupled mass spectrometry.ResultsA total of 6278 urinary peptides, 1743 plasma peptides, and 1727 peptides from spent hemodialysate are detected. Of these, sequences can be assigned to 1580, 419, and 352 peptides, respectively. A strong correlation in peptide abundance between urine and spent hemodialysate (p = 3 × 10−21, Rho = 0.52), a moderately strong correlation between spent hemodialysate and plasma (p = 4.5 × 10−5, Rho = 0.30), and no significant correlation between urine and plasma (p = 0.11, Rho = 0.094) are found. Collagen and fibrinogen alpha peptides are highly abundant in all three body fluids. In spent hemodialysate, thymosin ß4 is one of the most abundant peptides, which is shown to be negatively associated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (Rho = −0.39, p‐value = 3.9 × 10−81).Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceThe correlation of peptide abundance in these three body fluids is lower than expected, supporting the hypothesis that tubular reabsorption has a major impact on urinary peptide content. Further investigation of thymosin ß4 in hemodialysis is thus warranted.
[3+3] Cycloaddition of Azomethine Imine: Synthesis of Bi‐ or Tricyclic N‐Heterocycle
Authors: Das Tapas , Sau Madan , Daripa Bishnu , Karmakar Dipanjan , Chakraborty Sayan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSynthesis of six‐membered bicyclic, tricyclic or tetracyclic N‐heterocycles are important due to enormous use of such scaffolds in bioactive natural products, agrochemicals and in pharmaceuticals. [3+3] cycloaddition of azomethine imine for the construction of such heterocycles is less explored but also a genuine approach with the other method like [4+2] and [2+2+2] cycloaddition. Hence, the literature survey in this area is utmost significant. The delights and difficulties of [3+3] cycloaddition of azomethine imine have been deliberated thoroughly to elucidate this highly mounting field in this literature study. Herein, we report a vast synthetic method [base catalyzed, metal catalyzed (racemic and asymmetric), phosphine catalyzed, NHC and Lewis acid catalyzed] for the synthesis of di, tri and tetra‐nitrogen containing heterocycles via [3+3] cycloadditon reaction of azomethine imine.
Evaluation of bacterial kill in human roots infected with Enterococcus faecalis biofilm following 980 nm laser activation of chlorhexidine
Authors: Jiang Anna P. , Ipe Deepak S. , Love Robert M. , George Roy 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEffectiveness of root canal disinfection greatly determines the success of endodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bacterial killing efficacy of chlorhexidine (CHX) activated with a Gemni 980 nm diode laser. Bacterial kill at the apical one third of the endodontically prepared roots were assessed using the 3D fluorescent microscope (SZX16) after staining the tooth with BacLight SYTO 9 (Live/Dead). The percentage of bacterial kill was calculated by measuring the total amount of green pixels (live bacteria) and red pixels (dead bacteria) using the Image color summarizer image color statistics and clustering program (Circos—Circular Genome Visualization/Martin Krzywinski). The 3D fluorescent ex‐vivo tooth model allowed real time measurement of the percentage of bacterial kill at specified time points by capturing the bacterial kill on the external surface of the root, hence indicating the amount of penetration of the irrigation solution through the radicular dentine. Compared to CHX alone, both Endoactivator and diode laser treatment groups showed significantly better bacterial kill following a 72‐hour study period (P > .05). However, of clinical importance is the larger number of bacteria killed with laser assisted irrigation immediately following treatment when compared to the use of CHX alone.
The Revolution Continues: Sudanese Women’s Activism
Authors: Nugdalla Sarah O. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis chapter historicizes the evolution of Sudanese women’s activism beginning with the facets of the former regime's Islamization project. It highlights how women’s bodies and ideas of morality and respectability are employed by the state as sites of control, effectively revealing the key mobilizing points of the Sudanese women’s movement post-1989. The chapter examines the ways in which the political context in Sudan has influenced space for activism and explores responses to the erasure of civic space. In uncovering the overlooked nuances emerging from the #FallThatIsAll movement, the chapter engages with the change in discourse surrounding women’s activism and underlines the sustenance of feminist resistance as constant, be it under oppressive regimes or popular uprisings.
Sememe Knowledge Representation
Authors: Liu Zhiyuan , Lin Yankai , Sun Maosong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLinguistic Knowledge Graphs (e.g., WordNet and HowNet) describe linguistic knowledge in formal and structural language, which can be easily incorporated in modern natural language processing systems. In this chapter, we focus on the research about HowNet. We first briefly introduce the background and basic concepts of HowNet and sememe. Next, we introduce the motivations of sememe representation learning and existing approaches. At the end of this chapter, we review important applications of sememe representation.
Probing new physics with long-range neutrino interactions: an effective field theory approach
Authors: Bolton Patrick D. , Deppisch Frank F. , Hati Chandan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We investigate forces induced by the exchange of two light neutrinos be- tween Standard Model (SM) fermions in the presence of effective operators parametrising physics beyond the SM. We first set up a general framework in which we derive the long-range potential mediated by weakly interacting neutrinos in the SM, retaining both spin-independent and spin-dependent terms. We then derive neutrino-mediated potentials when there are vector, scalar and tensor non-standard interactions present as well as an exotic neutrino magnetic moment. Examining the phenomenology of such long-range potentials in atomic scale laboratory experiments, we derive upper bounds on the Wilson coefficients of the effective operators and compare these to those from processes such as charged lepton flavour violation.
Measurement of energy flow, cross section and average inelasticity of forward neutrons produced in $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV proton-proton collisions with the LHCf Arm2 detector
Authors:   The LHCf collaboration, Adriani O. , Berti E. , Bonechi L. , Bongi M. , D’Alessandro R. , Detti S. , Haguenauer M. , Itow Y. , Kasahara K. , Menjo H. , Muraki Y. , Ohashi K. , Papini P. , Ricciarini S. , Sako T. , Sakurai N. , Sato K. , Tamura T. , Tiberio A. , Torii S. , Tricomi A. , Turner W.C. , Ueno M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we report the measurement of the energy flow, the cross section and the average inelasticity of forward neutrons (+ antineutrons) produced in$$ \sqrt{s} $$s= 13 TeV proton-proton collisions. These quantities are obtained from the inclusive differential production cross section, measured using the LHCf Arm2 detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The measurements are performed in six pseudorapidity regions: three of them (η >10.75, 8.99< η <9.21 and 8.80< η <8.99), albeit with smaller acceptance and larger uncertainties, were already published in a previous work, whereas the remaining three (10.06< η <10.75, 9.65< η <10.06 and 8.65< η <8.80) are presented here for the first time. The analysis was carried out using a data set acquired in June 2015 with a corresponding integrated luminosity of 0.194 nb−1. Comparing the experimental measurements with the expectations of several hadronic interaction models used to simulate cosmic ray air showers, none of these generators resulted to have a satisfactory agreement in all the phase space selected for the analysis. The inclusive differential production cross section forη >10.75 is not reproduced by any model, whereas the results still indicate a significant but less serious deviation at lower pseudorapidities. Depending on the pseudorapidity region, the generators showing the best overall agreement with data are either SIBYLL 2.3 or EPOS-LHC. Furthermore, apart from the most forward region, the derived energy flow and cross section distributions are best reproduced by EPOS-LHC. Finally, even if none of the models describe the elasticity distribution in a satisfactory way, the extracted average inelasticity is consistent with the QGSJET II-04 value, while most of the other generators give values that lie just outside the experimental uncertainties.
Accounting for the effect of heterogeneous plastic deformation on the formability of aluminium and steel sheets
Authors: Small N. R. , Williams D. K. , Roy R. , Hazra S. K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractForming limit curves characterise “mean” failure strains of sheet metals. Safety levels from the curves define the deterministic upper limit of the processing and part design window, which can be small for high strength, low formability materials. Effects of heterogeneity of plastic deformation, widely accepted to occur on the microscale, are neglected. Marciniak tests were carried out on aluminium alloys (AA6111-T4, NG5754-O), dual-phase steel (DP600) and mild steel (MS3). Digital image correlation was used to measure the effect of heterogeneity on failure. Heterogeneity, based on strain variance, was modelled with the 2-component Gaussian mixture model, and a framework was proposed to (1) identify the onset of necking and to (2) re-define formability as a probability to failure. The results were “forming maps” in major-minor strain space of contours of constant probability (from probability,P= 0 toP= 1), which showed how failure risk increased with major strain. The contour bands indicated the unique degree of heterogeneity in each material. NG5754-O had the greatest width (0.07 strain) in plane strain and MS3 the lowest (0.03 strain). This novel characterisation will allow engineers to balance a desired forming window for a component design with the risk to failure of the material.
Long-term mesh complications and reoperation after laparoscopic mesh sacrohysteropexy: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Izett-Kay Matthew L. , Aldabeeb Dana , Kupelian Anthony S. , Cartwright Rufus , Cutner Alfred S. , Jackson Simon , Price Natalia , Vashisht Arvind 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
The paucity of long-term safety and efficacy data to support laparoscopic mesh sacrohysteropexy is noteworthy given concerns about the use of polypropylene mesh in pelvic floor surgery. This study is aimed at determining the incidence of mesh-associated complications and reoperation following this procedure.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional postal questionnaire study of women who underwent laparoscopic mesh sacrohysteropexy between 2010 and 2018. Potential participants were identified from surgical databases of five surgeons at two tertiary urogynaecology centres in the UK. The primary outcome was patient-reported mesh complication requiring removal of hysteropexy mesh. Secondary outcomes included other mesh-associated complications, reoperation rates and Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) in prolapse symptoms. Descriptive statistics and Kaplan–Meier survival analyses were used.

Results
Of 1,766 eligible participants, 1,121 women responded (response proportion 63.5%), at a median follow-up of 46 months. The incidence of mesh complications requiring removal of hysteropexy mesh was 0.4% (4 out of 1,121). The rate of chronic pain service use was 1.8%, and newly diagnosed systemic autoimmune disorders was 5.8%. The rate of reoperation for apical prolapse was 3.7%, and for any form of pelvic organ prolapse it was 13.6%. For PGI-I, 81.4% of patients were “much better” or “very much better”.

Conclusions
Laparoscopic mesh sacrohysteropexy has a low incidence of reoperation for mesh complications and apical prolapse, and a high rate of patient-reported improvement in prolapse symptoms. With appropriate clinical governance measures, the procedure offers an alternative to vaginal hysterectomy with apical suspension. However, long-term comparative studies are still required.