bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correction Target of Supramalleolar Osteotomy for Early Varus Ankle Arthritis: Is Overcorrection Necessary?
Authors: Choi SeungMyung , Kim Jaeyoung , Yi Young , Lee Woo-Chun 
Published: December 2024

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and radiologic outcomes following supramalleolar osteotomy for early varus ankle arthritis with the medial translation of the talus, wherein the lateral translation of the talus center to the tibial axis was used as a correction target. Another aim was to compare the results between the ankles with a normal range of medial distal tibial angle (MDTA) and overcorrected MDTA at the postoperative period to investigate the role of overcorrected MDTA after the supramalleolar osteotomy. Methods: The study comprised 90 patients (93 ankles) with Takakura stage 2 or 3a varus ankle arthritis with the medial translation of the talus, which underwent medial opening supramalleolar osteotomy with fibular osteotomy, and the mean duration of follow-up was 50.7 (range, 24-84) months. Clinical assessments were done with a visual analog scale for pain and the Foot Function Index. The correction target was set at the lateral placement of the talus center to the tibial axis. Radiographic parameters, talus center migration (TCM) and tibial axis–talus ratio (TT ratio), were used to evaluate talus positioning related to the tibial axis. Two groups were established based on postoperative MDTA: a neutral group (MDTA < 94 degrees) and an overcorrected group (MDTA ≥ 94 degrees). Results: Postoperatively, clinical and radiographic outcomes improved in all patients ( P < .01). TCM and TT ratio showed a lateral shift of the talus (TCM: from 2.0 ± 1.7 mm to −1.3 ± 1.6 mm, TT ratio: from 55.5% ± 5.4% to 44.7% ± 5.0%, both P < .01). As expected, the overcorrected MDTA group had a larger MDTA than the neutral group preoperatively ( P < .01). However, there were no differences in clinical outcomes or changes in various radiographic parameters between the groups. Conclusion: Lateral translation of the talus center relative to the tibial axis can be used as a correction target for medial opening supramalleolar osteotomy to treat early varus ankle arthritis with medial translation of the talus. Overcorrection of the tibial plafond to valgus does not seem necessary. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series study.
Psychological outcomes in ethnically minoritised adolescents and young adults with cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Chan Lynette WS , Hebben-Wadey Alan , Kambakara Gedara Chandrika , McParland James 
Published: December 2024

Background Ethnic disparities in cancer prevalence and health outcomes have been widely documented in adults. However, less is known about the impact of ethnic differences in young cancer patients who present with complex needs along their developmental trajectories. The present review aimed to examine psychological outcomes amongst ethnically minoritised adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer. Method A systematic search was conducted on four databases using terms related to AYAs, cancer, ethnic minority and psychological outcomes. Quantitative studies of any design were included and screened against the eligibility criteria. Studies were rated for methodological quality and synthesised narratively. Results Twelve studies conducted in the United States were identified with mostly moderate to low quality and the evidence was mixed. Six studies found ethnic disparities in psychological outcomes: the majority demonstrated that ethnically minoritised AYAs experienced significantly more distress compared to White peers with cancer. Hispanic youths were highlighted as a vulnerable group that fared worse in their mental health compared to other minoritised youths. Longitudinal data showed that minoritised AYAs experienced more marked improvement in their psychological health over time compared to Caucasians. Conclusion There is emerging evidence regarding inter-ethnic differences in psychological outcomes amongst AYAs with cancer. However, the findings are inconsistent, reflecting methodological weaknesses and the complexities of intersectionality impacting on mental health. Further cross-cultural research is necessary to substantiate these findings and elucidate mechanisms behind these inequalities to promote more equitable healthcare.
Global amyloid burden enhances network efficiency of tau propagation in the brain
Authors: Lauber Meagan V , Bellitti Matteo , Kapadia Krish , Jasodanand Varuna H , Au Rhoda , Kolachalama Vijaya B 
Published: December 2024

Background Amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau are crucial biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, interacting synergistically to accelerate disease progression. While Aβ initiates cascades leading to tau hyperphosphorylation and neurofibrillary tangles, PET imaging studies suggest a sequential progression from amyloidosis to tauopathy, closely linked with neurocognitive symptoms. Objective To analyze the complex interactions between Aβ and tau in AD using probabilistic graphical models, assessing how regional tau accumulation is influenced by Aβ burden. Methods Data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and Anti-Aβ Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer's (A4) study were utilized, involving participants across various cognitive stages and employing both Florbetapir and Flortaucipir as tracers. Tau standardized uptake value ratio values were harmonized across studies, and participants were stratified into quantile groups based on Aβ levels. A LASSO regularized Gaussian graphical model analyzed partial correlations among brain regions to discern patterns of tau accumulation across different Aβ levels. Results Statistical analyses revealed significant differences in tau structure among low, medium, and high Aβ groups in both ADNI and A4 cohorts, with graph metrics, such as small-world coefficient, indicating increased tau efficiency as Aβ burden increased. Conclusions Our findings indicate that tau accumulates more efficiently with increasing Aβ burden, highlighting an interplay that could inform development of dual-targeting therapies in AD. This study underscores the importance of Aβ and tau interactions in AD progression and supports the hypothesis that targeting both pathologies could be crucial for therapeutic interventions.
Differences in lean mass and sarcopenia between individuals with Alzheimer's disease and those without dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Nazareth Camila Cristine Gomes , Scalli Ana Carolina Aparecida Marcondes , de Oliveira Marcos Paulo Braz , Gomes Antonio Felipe Souza , Brito-Costa Sonia , Furtado Guilherme Eustáquio , Cezar Natália Oiring de Castro 
Published: December 2024

Background Studies have observed that individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) tend to have lower lean mass and higher rates of sarcopenia. Objective This review aims to assess differences in lean mass, sarcopenia, and its components between individuals with AD and those without dementia (WD). Methods Searches were conducted in the Medline, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus and Latin American and Caribbean Health Scientific Literature. Observational studies comparing lean mass, sarcopenia, and its components in the populations of interest were included. We used the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) scale to assess methodological quality. Mean differences (MD) and standardized mean differences were calculated for the meta-analyses. Results Four studies with 2035 individuals found that those with AD had significantly lower upper and lower limb lean mass, and skeletal muscle mass index compared to WD individuals. AD individuals also had a higher sarcopenia prevalence (41.33% versus 20.66%) and significant reductions in handgrip strength, lower limb muscle strength, and gait speed compared to WD individuals. The JBI scale analysis showed high agreement among the studies (k = 1.00, p = 0.046). Conclusions Individuals with AD have lower lean mass, higher rates of sarcopenia, and reduced muscle function compared to those without dementia. While the results suggest the need for early screening programs and integrated therapeutic interventions to improve clinical outcomes and quality of life for individuals with AD, it is important to consider that biases inherent in observational studies may compromise the quality of the evidence. Therefore, further research, preferably clinical trials, is needed to confirm these associations.
Comparison of visit-to-visit blood pressure variability and time in target range in predicting risk for cognitive outcomes in the SPRINT trial
Authors: Sible Isabel J , Nation Daniel A 
Published: December 2024

Background Blood pressure (BP) variability (BPV) and time in target range (TTR) are emerging vascular risk factors for dementia, independent of traditionally targeted mean BP. Objective Determine whether BPV or TTR is most strongly associated with cognitive risk. Methods In this post hoc analysis of the SPRINT trial, 8034 participants underwent repeated BP measurement and cognitive testing at baseline and follow-up. Visit-to-visit BPV was calculated as average real variability. TTR was the percent of time in desired treatment arm target range (standard: 120–140 mmHg systolic BP; intensive: 110–130 mmHg systolic BP). Adjudicated clinical outcomes were no cognitive impairment, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and probable dementia. We investigated a direct comparison of BPV and TTR in predicting cognitive risk, stratified by BP treatment group. Results Elevated BPV was associated with increased risk for MCI (adjusted HR: 1.21 [95% CI 1.10, 1.33], p < 0.001) and MCI/dementia (HR: 1.17 [95% CI 1.07, 1.27], p < 0.001) in the standard group, and dementia (HR: 1.17 [95% CI 1.01, 1.36], p = 0.039) in the intensive group. Higher TTR was related to lower dementia risk (HR: 0.72 [95% CI 0.60, 0.86], p < 0.001) in the intensive group only. Conclusions Visit-to-visit BPV outperformed TTR in predicting risk for MCI and MCI/dementia. TTR was more strongly associated with dementia risk under intensive treatment. Findings were independent of mean BP in a cohort with rigorously controlled BP and suggest newer aspects of BP control may be harnessed to further reduce cognitive risk. Clinical trial information ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT01206062.
Apolipoprotein (APOA1, APOE, CLU) genes expression in the CA3 region of the hippocampus in an ischemic model of Alzheimer's disease with survival up to 2 years
Authors: Pluta Ryszard , Kocki Janusz , Bogucki Jacek , Bogucka-Kocka Anna , Czuczwar Stanisław J 
Published: December 2024

Background Changes in the Alzheimer's disease-related apolipoprotein genes expression, occurring parallel with brain ischemia-induced neurodegeneration in the hippocampal CA3 area, may be crucial for the development of memory loss and dementia. Objective The aim of the study was to investigate changes in genes expression of apolipoprotein A1 ( APOA1) , apolipoprotein E ( APOE) , and clusterin ( CLU) in CA3 area post-ischemia with survival of 2 years. Methods The gene expression was evaluated with the use of an RT-PCR protocol after 2, 7, and 30 days and 6, 12, 18, and 24 months post-ischemia. Results The expression of the APOA1 gene (encoding apolipoprotein A1) was below the control values at 2 days, 6 and 12 months while at 7 and 30 days and 18 and 24 months post-ischemia this gene expression exceeded the control values. In the case of the CLU gene (encoding clusterin) expression, it was above the control values at all times post-ischemia. Similar expression was observed for the APOE gene (encoding apolipoprotein E) except on day 7 after ischemia where its expression was below the control value. Conclusions The results seem to indicate that the observed changes in the gene expression may reflect the activation and inhibition of a variety of processes involved in ischemia-induced neurodegeneration. The enhanced expression of APOA1 and CLU genes may be associated with induction of neuroprotective mechanisms while increased expression of the APOE gene may produce detrimental effects.
Item response theory for the color-picture version of Boston naming test in a Chinese sample with neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Li Dan , Liu Xining , Yu Jiaming , Zhang Yifei , Hu Nan , Lu Yuanyuan , Sun Fangling , Zhang Min , Ma Xiaowei , Wang Fen 
Published: December 2024

Background Although Boston Naming Test has been thoroughly validated at a global level, there is limited assessment of item-level properties using modern psychometric methods. Objective This study aimed to investigate the construct validity and item-level properties of the color-picture version of Boston Naming Test (CP-BNT) in a Chinese cohort with neurodegenerative diseases. Methods This retrospective study included 424 participants, consisting of 118 normal controls, 152 with Alzheimer's disease, 101 with primary progressive aphasia, and 53 with other neurodegenerative diseases. All participants underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment that included the CP-BNT. Factor analysis and item response theory were conducted. Results The CP-BNT exhibits a multidimensional structure with three factors: Factor 1, consisting of nine items with moderate difficulty levels, demonstrated peak measurement function for mild anomia (the highest information value = 33.7, ability estimated value = −0.8, reliability = 0.97); Factor 2, comprising eleven items with lower difficulty levels, performed well in cases of mild to moderate anomia (the highest information value = 34.1, ability estimated value = −1.2, reliability = 0.97); and Factor 3, including ten items with higher difficulty levels, provided the most measurement information for normal naming (the highest information value = 9.9, ability estimated value = 0, reliability = 0.90). All items, except item igloo, showed good discrimination (discrimination parameter ranged from 5.46 to 1.15). Most items had a different difficulty position versus the original version, thereby generating a novel item sequence with an ascending difficulty hierarchy for Chinese samples. Conclusions These findings support that the CP-BNT has good validity, reliability, and cultural appropriateness in the Chinese context, improving its utility in clinical assessments and interventions.
Determinants of Time to Diagnosis in Young-Onset Dementia
Authors: Sharma Shruti , Ilse Christina , Brickell Kiri , Le Heron Campbell , Woods Keith , O’Mara Baker Ashleigh , Tippett Lynette , Curtis Maurice A. , Ryan Brigid 
Published: December 2024

Timely diagnosis of young-onset dementia (YOD) is critical. This study aimed to identify factors that increased time to diagnosis at each stage of the diagnostic pathway. Participants were patients diagnosed with YOD (n = 40) and their care partners (n = 39). Information was obtained from questionnaires, and review of medical records. Mean time from symptom onset to YOD diagnosis was 3.6 ± 2 years. Suspicion of depression/anxiety at presentation was associated with significantly increased time from presentation to specialist referral. Neurologist-diagnosed YOD was the fastest route to a diagnosis, whereas diagnoses made by other specialists significantly increased the time from first specialist visit to diagnosis. By investigating multiple stages of the diagnostic pathway, we identified two factors that increased time to diagnosis: suspicion of depression/anxiety at presentation delayed specialist referral from primary care, and diagnosis by a specialist other than a neurologist delayed diagnosis of YOD.
Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab treatment in refractory MOG-IgG related optic neuritis
Authors: Xu Xintong , Wang Yuhang , Sun Mingming , Li Yuyu , Chen Biyue , Chen Xiyun , Xu Quangang , Wei Shihui , Zhou Huanfen 
Published: December 2024

Background: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) IgG related optic neuritis (ON) which manifests as recurrent episodes and severe visual impairment remains a challenging issue in relapse prevention. Tocilizumab (TCZ), a human monoclonal antibody against IL-6R, may be an alternative treatment for the prevention of relapse in refractory MOG-ON patients. Objectives: To investigate the efficacy and safety of Tocilizumab (TCZ) in patients with recurrent myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein IgG related optic neuritis (MOG-ON). Design: We conducted an open-label, single-arm, nonrandomized, uncontrolled clinical trial at a tertiary neuro-ophthalmology center between April 1, 2021, and April 1, 2022. Methods: Participants with relapsed MOG-ON, whose disease had been resistant to previous immunotherapies, received tocilizumab as monotherapy or as an add-on therapy and were followed up for at least 12 months. Annual recurrence rate (ARR), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and adverse events were recorded for analyses. Result: Ten patients (7 females and 3 males) with relapsed MOG-ON were included with a mean (SD) ages of 28.6 (20.5) years old at disease onset and 30.9 (19.7) years at first TCZ administration, with a mean disease duration of 26.6 (11.3) months. Seven (70%) patients remained relapse-free, and the median (range) ARR dropped significantly from 1.9 (0.4–3.5) to 0.0 (0–4.0) during TCZ treatment ( p = 0.006). Three patients experienced a relapse of ON at 2, 3, and 7 months after TCZ therapy. The median BCVA improved from 2.7 (2.0–3.0) logMAR at the nadir to 0.2 (0–2.0) logMAR at the last follow-up. Adverse effects included transient diarrhea ( n = 1) and upper respiratory infection ( n = 1). Conclusion: This study supports that Tocilizumab therapy, with or without concomitant immunosuppression, is safe and effective in reducing relapses in MOG-ON patients who have failed immunosuppressive therapy or targeted B-cell therapy. Trial registration: This trial is registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, number ChiCTR2100045273. (URL: https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=124810 )
Radiographic and Patient-Reported Outcomes for First Tarsometatarsal Arthrodesis Using an Intramedullary Nail for Hallux Valgus Deformity A Consecutive Case Series
Authors: Ott Connor C. , Shah Ayush D. , Seiffert Kayla J. , Stone McGaver Rebecca , Cammack Paul M. , Holthusen Scott M. , Seybold Jeffrey D. , Tanner John C. , Engasser William M. 
Published: December 2024

Background First tarsometatarsal (TMT) arthrodesis is one of the most common procedures performed each year for the correction of hallux valgus deformity, and nonunion rates for first TMT arthrodesis are commonly reported to be between 4% and 15%. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an intramedullary nail system in patients requiring first TMT arthrodesis. Methods An ambispective, multisurgeon, consecutive case series was conducted, in which retrospective and prospective collection of patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) and radiologic data were conducted. Patients who underwent first TMT arthrodesis from July 2019 to July 2022 for hallux valgus deformity with an intramedullary nail system and had adequate records for a minimum of 3 months postoperation (±4 weeks) were included. Results Seventy patients were included in the final analysis, with a median prospective PROM follow-up of 1.6 years. There was an overall union rate of 91.4% (64/70 patients). Nine patients required secondary procedures: 4 hardware removals and 5 nonunion revisions. Collected PROMs and radiologic data showed significant improved from preoperative to prospective follow-up (P < .01). Conclusion First TMT arthrodesis using an intramedullary nail system result in nonunion rates and PROMs comparable to other techniques currently being used. Levels of Evidence: Level IV: Retrospective Case Series
Preoperative Physical Therapy Is Protective From Construct Failure in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Peterman Nicholas J. , Hansen Brian K. , Sandefur Evan P. , Hackley Darren T. , Burks Garret , Pekas Devon R. , Tuttle John R. 
Published: December 2024

Background: Risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) construct failure have been studied extensively. However, while some studies account for variables such as activity level, construct types, preoperative physical therapy, or patient demographics individually, comprehensive studies that control for all these factors simultaneously are scarce. Hypothesis: By utilizing a robust multivariable analysis, the factors associated with an increased risk of ACLR construct failure can be determined. Study Design: A single-center, retrospective cohort study was conducted, encompassing patients who underwent primary ACLR between January 2015 and December 2021. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Eligible patients were identified using the current procedural terminology code 29888. Datapoints collected included demographics, body mass index, injury setting, graft type, graft size, fixation type, concomitant ligamentous injuries, notchplasty, operating surgeon, preoperative physical therapy, and instances of construct failure. The prevalence of construct failure was analyzed using chi-square tests, comparing across all graft and fixation type combinations in ACLR procedures. A mixed-effects logistic regression model was utilized to account for the potential influence of all relevant variables on construct failure. Results: Out of 1245 patients, the construct failure rate was 5.62% (n = 70), with >95% of patients having >2 years of retrospective follow-up (95% CI [4.34-6.90]), with a median failure time of 502.5 days (interquartile range [265.5-1033.8]). The mixed-effect logistic model identified preoperative physical therapy (odds ratio, 0.404, 95% CI [0.193-0.844]) as the only significant factor in possibly preventing construct failure. Conclusion: Contrary to conventional focus on graft and fixation types, this study emphasizes the protective role of preoperative physical therapy in reducing ACLR construct failure. Clinical Relevance: Our findings suggest the integration of preoperative physical therapy in clinical practices to mitigate ACLR construct failure risk, warranting further exploration in future studies.