bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring socioeconomic differences in receipt of resection for the primary lesion and time to resection for colon cancer in England: population-based study
Authors: Saito Mari Kajiwara , Quaresma Manuela , Fowler Helen , Majano Sara Benitez , Rachet Bernard 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background A persistent socioeconomic gap in colon cancer survival is observed in England. Provision of cancer care may also vary by socioeconomic status (SES). We investigated population-based data to explore differential care by SES. Methods We analysed a retrospective cohort of patients diagnosed with colon cancer in England (2010–2013) using the national cancer registry data. We examined potential factors associated with receipt of or time to resection and whether socioeconomic differences exist in these two outcomes using logistic and linear regressions. Multiple imputation was used for missing stage, tumour grade and emergency presentation (EP). Results A total of 68169 colon cancer patients were analysed. In the most affluent group, 21.0% (3138/14917) had EP whereas 27.9% (2901/10386) in the most deprived. Patients with higher age at diagnosis (80<) and higher number of comorbidities had more than twice the odds of not receiving resection compared with the reference group (age <65, having no comorbidities). Contrary, patients with EP had approximately 40% reduced odds (adjusted odds ratio 0.61, 95% confidence interval CI 0.58–0.64) of not receiving resection compared with those without EP. We observed no socioeconomic variation in the receipt of resection in all stages. However, among a total of 45332 patients undergoing resection, the proportion of patients receiving urgent surgery (surgery before or within seven days of diagnosis) was higher in the most deprived group (39.9%, 2685/6733) than the most affluent (35.4%, 3595/10146, p <0.001). Days from diagnosis to resection ranged from 33.9 (95% CI 33.1–34.8) in stage II to 38.2 (95% CI 36.8–39.7) in stage I, but no socioeconomic differences in time were seen in all stages when patients were confined to those undergoing elective surgery (surgery more than seven days after diagnosis). Conclusions Deprived groups tended to have higher proportions in EP and urgent surgery, which in part contributed to the apparent no socioeconomic variation in receipt of resection for all patients, nor time to treatment for patients undergoing elective surgery shown in this study. Other steps in care to reduce EP and urgent surgery should be considered to improve socioeconomic inequalities in colon cancer survival.
N-terminal domain (NTD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein structurally resembles MERS-CoV NTD sialoside-binding pocket
Authors: Awasthi Mayanka , Gulati Sahil , Sarkar Debi P. , Tiwari Swasti , Kateriya Suneel , Ranjan Peeyush , Verma Santosh Kumar 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
COVID-19 novel coronavirus disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 causes severe lethal respiratory illness in humans and has recently developed into a worldwide pandemic. The lack of effective treatment strategy and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 poses a threat to human health. Extremely high infection rate and multi-organ secondary infection within a short time period makes this virus more deadly and challenging for therapeutic interventions. Despite of high sequence similarity and utilization of common host-cell receptor, human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) for virus entry, SARS-CoV-2 is much infectious than SARS-CoV. Structure-based sequence comparison of the N-terminal domain (NTD) of spike protein of MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 illustrate three short stretches of amino acid motifs in SARS-CoV-2 , which appears to be the reminiscent of MERS-CoV sialoside binding pockets. These key differences with SARS-CoV and similarity with MERS-CoV, suggest an evolutionary adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein reciprocal interaction with host surface sialosides.
Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors of Gastrointestinal Perforation in Children with Henoch-Schönlein Purpura
Authors: Guo Qingyin , Hu Xiaolei , Song Chundong , Ren Xianqing , Zhai Wensheng , Ding Ying , Zhang Xia , Yang Meng , Zhang Jian , Jiang Miao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a common small vessel vasculitis in children. Gastrointestinal perforation (GP) rarely presents as a complication of HSP and was not well characterized. This study aimed to investigate the clinical features, diagnosis and risk factors of GP in children with HSP. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 10791 children with HSP who attended our hospital between January 2014 and June 2018 and analyzed the treatment and clinical risk factors of 11 children with HSP complication with GP. Results: GP occurred in 11 children with HSP, with an incidence of 0.10%. Among the 11 cases HSP with GP, 1 case was gastric perforation and 10 cases were intestinal perforation. CT indicates perforation but ultrasonography did not indicate perforation in 5 cases of GP patients. The average duration of abdominal pain in HSP with GP was 9.3 days, and 9 cases (81.8%) with a duration of abdominal pain over 7 days. 3 cases of HSP with GP were treated by gastric/intestinal perforation repair and the other 8 cases were treated by enterectomy. The type of purpura, abdominal pain lasting more than 7 days, hematochezia, renal damage, and methylprednisolone dose more than 2mg/kg in GP with HSP patients show statistically significant compared with the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The incidence rate of GP in children with HSP was 0.10%. Abdominal (or mixed) HSP, hematochezia, renal damage, abdominal pain lasting more than 7 days, and methylprednisolone dose more than 2mg/kg may increase the risk of GP in children with HSP. CT has a high sensitivity for the diagnosis of GP. Early diagnosis and timely treatment of HSP with GP were very important for good clinical outcomes.
Comparison of survival outcomes by different treatments for HIV-infected cervical cancer: a real-world study in a single center in China
Authors: Zhang Lan , Jiang Mei-Ping , Li Yun-Fen , Wu Xing-Rao , Li Zheng , Zhang Hong-Ping , Yan-Qing Li , Xiong Wei , Zhang Ming , Li Kang-Ming , Li Wen-Hui 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Information on HIV-infected cervical cancer is very limited in China. The current study investigated long-term follow-up results of HIV-infected cervical cancer patients treated by different methods from an area in southwestern China in which HIV and cervical cancer are endemic.Methods: All HIV-infected cervical cancer patients registered in Yunnan Cancer Hospital from January 2015 to December 2017 were retrospective reviewed. Overall survival (OS) was the primary end-point.Results: A total of 47 patients entered into the study. 7 patients underwent radical surgery. 24 patients received radiotherapy with high palliative intent, including intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT)/volume modulated arc therapy (VMAT)/helical tomotherapy (TOMO) with simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) (SIB; n=15), IMRT/VMAT to the pelvis followed by late course boost (LCB) (LCB; n=9) to the gross tumor volume (GTV). 3 patients received simple external beam radiotherapy to the pelvis (EBRT) (SEBRT; n=3). 13 patients gave up anti-tumor therapy at the initial diagnosis.The 3-year OS for patients who received surgery, LCB, SIB, SEBRT, no anti-tumor treatment were 100%, 51.9%, 66.7%, 0%, and 0%. All of the deaths were attributed to cancer. The prognosis of HIV-infected cervical cancer patients was closely related to the treatment methods (p＜0.05).Conclusions: LCB and SIB are effective and safe modality for treatment of HIV-infected cervical cancer in a limited resource setting.
Establishment and verification of the nomogram that predicts the 3-year recurrence risk of epithelial ovarian carcinoma
Authors: 胡 君 , Jiao Xiaobing , Zhu Lirong , Guo Hongyan , Wu Yumei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background As we all know, patients with epithelial ovarian carcinomahave poor prognosis and high recurrence rate. It is critical and challenging to screen out the patients with high risk of recurrence. At present, there are some models predicting the overall survival of epithelial ovarian carcinoma, however, thereis no widely accepted tool or applicable model predicting the recurrence risk of epithelial ovarian carcinomapatients. The objective of this study was to establish and verify a nomogram to predict the recurrence risk of EOC.Results The nomogram for 3-year recurrence risk was established with FIGO stage, histological grade, histological type, lymph node metastasis status and serum CA125 level at diagnosis. The total score can be obtained by adding the grading values of these factors together. In the external validation, the AUC (C statistics) was 0.803 [95%CI, 0.738-0.867] and the Chi-square value is 11.04 (P=0.135>0.05). With the threshold value of 198, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and correct index of the monogram were 75.7%, 77.0%, 83.2%, 67.9%, and 0.52 respectively.Conclusions We established and validated a nomogram to predict 3-year recurrence risk of patients with EOC who achieved clinical complete remission after cytoreductive surgery and chemotherapy. This nomogram with good discrimination and calibration might be useful for screening out the patients with high risk of recurrence.
Risk factors associated with failure of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in patients with severe COVID-19 in Wuhan, China
Authors: Ma Xiao-huan , Yin Fang , Zhang Jie , Peng Meng-yun , Guan Hong , Gong Ping 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure is prevalent in severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). High-flow nasal canula (HFNC) is currently the most common ventilation strategy for COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure. This study is to analyze the risk factors associated with high-flow nasal canula (HFNC) oxygen therapy failure in patients with severe COVID-19.Methods: In this single-center, retrospective, observational study, we enrolled patients with confirmed severe COVID-19 admitted to Renmin Hospital of Wuhan university (Wuhan, China) from 1 February 2020 to 26 March 26 2020. Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data, and treatments and outcomes upon hospital admission, were obtained from electronic medical records. Sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores were calculated.Results: Of 54 patients with severe COVID-19, HFNC was successful in 28 (51.9%) and unsuccessful in 26 (48.1%). HFNC failure was seen more commonly in patients aged ≥60 years and in men. In addition, compared with patients successfully treated with HFNC, patients with HFNC failure had the following characteristics: higher percentage of fatigue and anorexia as well as cardiovascular disease; increased time from onset to diagnosis and SOFA scores; elevated body temperature, respiratory rate, and heart rate; more complications including ARDS, septic shock, myocardial damage, and acute kidney injury; increased neutrophil counts and prothrombin time; and decreased arterial partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) (all P < 0.05). However, binary logistic regression analysis showed that only male gender and PaO2/FiO2 were independent risk factors significantly associated with HFNC failure (both, P < 0.05). Conclusion: Patients with severe COVID-19 had a high HFNC treatment failure rate. Male gender and decreased PaO2/FiO2 were independent risk factors associated with HFNC failure in severe COVID-19 patients.
The incompressibility of atoms at high pressures
Authors: Gibbs Gerald V. , Cox David F. , Ross Nancy L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe structures of the silica polymorphs α-quartz and stishovite have been geometry optimized at highly simulated isotropic pressure within the framework of Density Functional Theory. The atoms of the high-pressure polymorph stishovite are virtually incompressible with the bonded radii for Si and O atoms decreasing by only 0.04 and 0.08 Å, respectively, at 100 GPa. In compensating for the increase in the effective interatomic potential associated with the compression of the Si-O bonded interactions, the electron density at the bond critical point between the bonded pair increases from 0.69 to 0.89 e/Å 3. The bonded radii of the Si and O atoms for α-quartz decrease by 0.006 and 0.008 Å, respectively, between 1 bar and 26.4 GPa. The impact of simulated, isotropic pressure on the bonded radii of the atoms for three perovskites YAlO3, LaAlO3, and CaSnO3 was also examined at high pressure. For the YAlO3 perovskite, the bonded radii for Y and Al decrease by 0.06 and 0.05 Å, respectively, at 80 GPa, while the electron density between the bonded atoms increases by 0.12 and 0.15 e/Å3, on average. The calculations also show that the coordination number of the Y atom increases from 9 to 10 while the coordination number of the O1 atom increases concomitantly in the structure from 5 to 6 at 20 GPa. Hence pressure not only promotes an increase in the coordination number of the metal atoms but also a necessary concomitant increase in the coordination number of the O atoms. The bonded radii, determined at a lower pressure between 0.0 and 15 GPa for LaAlO3 and CaSnO3, decrease a smaller amount with the radii for the La and Ca atoms decreasing by 0.03 and 0.04 Å, respectively, while the radii for the smaller Al and Sn atoms decrease by 0.01 and 0.02 Å, respectively. In general, O atoms are more compressible than the metal atoms, but overall the calculations demonstrate that the bonded radii for the atoms in crystals are virtually incompressible when subjected to high pressure. The reason that the bonded radii change little when subjected to high pressure is ascribed to the changes in the effective interatomic potentials that result in increased repulsion when the atoms are squeezed together.
Characterizing low-temperature aqueous alteration of Mars-analog basalts from Mauna Kea at multiple scales
Authors: Rasmussen Brandon P. , Calvin Wendy M. , Ehlmann Bethany L. , Bristow Thomas F. , Lautze Nicole , Fraeman Abigail A. , DesOrmeau Joel W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe performed a multi-scale characterization of aqueous alteration of Mars analog basaltic rock from a Mauna Kea drill core using high-resolution visible and short-wave infrared (VIS-SWIR) spectral imaging, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and point VIS-SWIR spectra. Several types of smectites, zeolites, and primary minerals were identified. Mineral classes were mapped in cut sections extracted from the drill core and used to represent the range of alteration products seen in field data collected over 1000 m depth (Calvin et al. 2020). Ten distinct spectral end-members identified in the cut sections were used to map the field point spectra. Trioctahedral Fe- and Mg-rich smectites were present toward the top of the zone of analysis (972 m below the surface) and increased in abundance toward the bottom of the drill core (1763 m depth). The mineralogy demonstrates a general trend of discontinuous alteration that increases in intensity with depth, with less pervasive phyllosilicate alteration at the top, several zones of different mixtures of zeolites toward the center, followed by more abundant phyllosilicates in the lowest sections. Distinctly absent are Fe-Mg phyllosilicates other than smectites, as well as carbonates, sulfates, and Al phyllosilicates such as kaolinite or illite. Furthermore, hematite was only detected in two of 24 samples. The suite of assemblages points to aqueous alteration at low-to-moderate temperatures at neutral to basic pH in low-oxygen conditions, with little evidence of extensive surface interaction, presenting a possible analog for an early Mars subsurface environment. We also present a library of VIS-SWIR spectra of the analyzed cut sections, including both spatial averages (i.e., unweighted linear mixtures) of spectral images of each cut section and single point spectra of the cut sections. This will allow for consideration of nonlinear mixing effects in point spectra of these assemblages from natural surfaces in future terrestrial or planetary work.
O processo antropofágico no “Auto de São Lourenço” de José de Anchieta
Authors: De Oliveira Lima Samuel Anderson 
Published: June 2020

A literatura dos primeiros anos de nossa formação, ou seja, do período em que estavam aportados em nossas terras os jesuítas, homens cujo labor era especialmente a educação do ameríndio, foi estudada por alguns teóricos com certo ranço romântico. Isso quer dizer que o olhar para as obras produzidas naquele período minimizou a importância dessa literatura, tratando-a apenas como uma "cópia" da produção portuguesa, sem tanto valor para nossa formação. Os jesuítas que vieram à América tinham como uma de suas principais atribuições a educação religiosa do povo indígena e uma de suas ferramentas mais usadas foi a dramaturgia. Estavam em voga, na Península Ibérica, os Autos de Gil Vicente e é certo que José de Anchieta teve contato com esse estilo quando estudou em Coimbra. Com o objetivo de retificar esse pensamento preconceituoso para com a obra anchietana, neste artigo, propomos uma leitura barroco-antropofágica da peça teatral “Auto de São Lourenço”, que foi representada em 1587 onde hoje se encontra Niterói. Com a análise desse corpus, mostraremos o processo de devoração cultural empreendido pelo jesuíta e realizado através da amalgamação linguística. Nessa peça, há a mistura de várias línguas, portanto, de várias culturas. Ou seja, um texto permeado de culturas, como um amálgama, é símile do processo barroco-antropofágico estudado pelo modernista Oswald de Andrade. Este trabalho é resultado de uma pesquisa desenvolvida no âmbito da Iniciação Científica da UFRN.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: José de Anchieta, Barroco, Antropofagia, Teatro.
[R]ELICÁRIO DE POSSIBILIDADES
Authors: Oliveira Raissa M , Alves Mônica , Farias Cândida Natilly , Ramos Deborah , Freire Costa Renata 
Published: June 2020

Este artigo propõe uma discussão sobre a preservação do patrimônio modernista em Natal/RN por intermédio de uma proposta de intervenção projetual para o Hotel Internacional Reis Magos (HIRM), submetida a um concurso de ideias para a preservação da memória do referido hotel, levantando e ampliando a discussão sobre a preservação e conservação deste icônico prédio da arquitetura natalense por meio de um arcabouço de possibilidades desenvolvido pelos grupos. Diante disso, será relatado o processo de projeto da proposta a ser apresentada, a partir dos seguintes passos: Definição da equipe; Definição dos usos; reflexão qualitativa dos depoimentos dos usuários; Análise e reflexão crítica dos documentos; Consulta à legislação vigente; Estudos dos condicionantes; Resgate histórico por meio de uma linha do tempo; Identificação de conflitos e potencialidades; Construção do painel conceito; Desenvolvimento da proposta. O processo resultou num compêndio de ideias que visa a preservação e conservação do HIRM, bem como de seu entorno imediato, norteado pelos princípios da conservação integrada. Valorizou-se a formação de uma equipe versátil, fortalecida pela multidisciplinaridade – arquitetas, pós-graduandas, docentes e discentes – e pela verticalidade do atelier de projeto – onde se tem diferentes níveis de formação atuando no mesmo atelier. Assim, tem-se como produto final uma proposta de reuso atribuindo um uso misto ao edifício, fruto das discussões entre os membros da equipe, bem como das características do entorno imediato, mediante a reflexão sobre as necessidades da área e da melhor forma de aproveitamento da estrutura atual do edifício, sem a construção de anexos.
Digitizing the Pharma Neurons – A Technological Operation in Progress!
Authors: Bhardwaj Payal , Yadav Raj Kumar , Kurian Sojan 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Digitization and automation are the buzzwords in clinical research and
pharma companies are investigating heavily here. Right from drug discovery to personalized
medicine, digital patients and patient engagement, there is great consideration of technology at
each step.

Methods:
The published data and online information available is reviewed to give an overview of
digitization in pharma, across the drug development cycle, industry collaborations and innovations.
The regulatory guidelines, innovative collaborations across industry, academics and thought leadership
are presented. Also included are some ideas, suggestions, way forwards while digitizing the
pharma neurons, the regulatory stand, benefits and challenges.

Results:
The innovations range from discovering personalized medicine to conducting virtual clinical
trials, and maximizing data collection from the real-world experience. To address the increasing
demand for the real-world data and the needs of tech-savvy patients, the innovations are shaping
up accordingly. Pharma companies are collaborating with academics and they are co-innovating
the technology for example Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s program. This focuses on
the modernization of clinical trials, strategic use of artificial intelligence and machine learning using
real-world evidence, assess the risk-benefit ratio of deploying digital analytics in medicine, and
proactively identifying the solutions.

Conclusions:
With unfolding data on the impact of science and technology amalgamation, we need
shared mindset between data scientists and medical professionals to maximize the utility of enormous
health and medical data. To tackle this efficiently, there is a need of cross-collaboration and
education, and align with ethical and regulatory requirements. A perfect blend of industry, regulatory,
and academia will ensure successful digitization of pharma neurons.