bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chapter 19
Authors: Glancy Mark 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
By 1943, Cary Grant was eager to escape from the contract he had signed six years earlier with Columbia Pictures. It was a non-exclusive contract, but studio boss Harry Cohn exercised an options clause that prolonged Grant’s obligations to the studio. Cohn was incensed when Grant delayed returning to Columbia in favour of working at Warner Brothers, where he was cast in the patriotic war drama Destination Tokyo (1943). Grant’s performance as an upstanding yet gentle submarine captain was one of the most earnest and restrained of his career. He returned to Columbia to make Once Upon a Time (1943), one of the slightest films of his career. When Jack Warner offered to buy out the remainder of his Columbia contract, Grant jumped at the offer. Meanwhile, he was making None but the Lonely Heart (1944), a gritty melodrama about working class life in the backstreets of London, written and directed by the left-wing dramatist Clifford Odets. Grant’s personal connection to the films tough working class environment was signalled by placing a picture of his own father on the wall of the tiny house his character shares with his dying mother. The film was not a hit but it earned Grant his second Academy Award nomination. Ironically, at the time he was reliving his humble origins on screen, he was married to the extraordinarily wealthy Barbara Hutton. Her insistence on living lavishly and entertaining frequently made him realise what a poor match they were. She, in turn, complained that he cared about nothing other than his career. They divorced in 1945.
Chapter 28
Authors: Glancy Mark 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In the early 1960s, when Cary Grant was at the height of his popularity, he began to worry that he was too old to play the romantic leading man. He would not agree to make Charade (1963) until director Stanley Donen and screenwriter Peter Stone agreed to change the script so that his young co-star, Audrey Hepburn, is seen to chase after him (rather than the other way around). In the wake of the Kennedy assassination, critics found this Hitchcockian comedy-thriller to be too violent, but it was another box-office hit and remains a fan favorite today. He did not consider himself too old to chase young women in his private life, and his relationship with actress Dyan Cannon grew more serious. When journalist Joe Hyams sued him for libel, in response to Grant’s denying that he had been interviewed by Hyams, they reached an out of court settlement. Grant agreed to collaborate with the journalist on the article that eventually emerged as “Archie Leach by Cary Grant,” a lengthy, truthful account of his family background and youth. In another hit comedy, Father Goose (1964), he broke free of his debonair image to play a drunken recluse who must look after schoolgirls stranded in the South Pacific at the beginning of the Second World War. His final film, Walk, Don’t Run (1966), was a gentle comedy set during the Tokyo Olympics, with a lively score by composer Quincy Jones, who became a close personal friend. By the time Walk, Don’t Run was released, he had married Dyan Cannon, and they had a daughter together, Jennifer Grant. This convinced Grant that it was finally time to retire.
Chapter 29
Authors: Glancy Mark 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Cary Grant retired from the screen at the age of 62, and he never regretted it. Having made 72 feature films, he was ready to stop, and he was keen to be a full-time father to his daughter Jennifer. In her memoir, Good Stuff (2011), Jennifer Grant recalled the happy times that they had together. Now divorced from Dyan Cannon, Cary Grant agreed to join the board of the perfume company Fabergé primarily because he would have access to a private jet, which would allow him to drop off or pick up Jennifer wherever Cannon was filming. In 1970, he finally received an Academy Award, although it was a Lifetime Achievement Award rather than one honouring a single performance. He remarried in 1981, and had a happy home life with his fifth wife, Barbara Harris Grant. Beginning in 1982, he established a one-man show, A Conversation with Cary Grant, that featured him telling stories and answering questions about his career. It was just before one of these performances, in Davenport, Iowa, that he had a stroke and died on November 29, 1986.
Adaptable Ancestors
Authors: Bjorklund David F. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The high level of plasticity shown by children today was also a feature of our forechildren. Experiences early in life can modify the morphology or behavior of an animal and result in new pressures that can be the focus of natural selection. Behavior, in fact, takes the lead in evolution, because it is more susceptible to change than morphology or genes. Most of the changes early in development, at least for mammals, were accomplished in the presence of mothers. To a significant extent, mothers are the environment for young mammals, making mothers the environment for evolutionary change. Significant behavioral changes in evolution are most likely to occur in large-brained animals, who are better able to deal with novel environments through innovation and social transmission of information than smaller-brained animals.
Epilogue
Authors: Bjorklund David F. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The final chapter summarizes the major themes of this book, loosely following the content of Chapters 1 through 7. The first section highlights the principles and assumptions of evolutionary developmental psychology, emphasizing that adaptations occurred at all life stages, not just in adults. The second section emphasizes the role of plasticity in both development and evolution, noting that plasticity is greatest early in life. This is followed by a section focusing on the role of timing in evolution, especially genetic-based differences in developmental timing, or heterochrony, with neoteny being especially important for human evolution. The fourth section examines the claim that humans are a neotenous species, as seen in aspects of its physical, behavioral, and cognitive development/evolution. The fifth section examines human hypersociality as being due to modification of great ape ontogeny into unique human social-cognitive abilities, followed by a look at evolutionary mismatches particular to specific stages of life.
The Covenant of Works
Authors: Fesko J. V. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The book surveys the origins of the doctrine of the covenant of works. The doctrine originates in the patristic era and fully flowers in the sixteenth century among Reformed theologians. The doctrine develops from a web of biblical texts and becomes codified in confessions of the seventeenth century. But in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, support for the doctrine began to wane until Reformed theologians in the twentieth century outright rejected it. There were, however, theologians who continued to promote the doctrine because they continued to use the same interpretive methods as earlier proponents of the doctrine. Critics no longer employed the Reformation principle of good and necessary consequence, rejected Reformed scholasticism, and embraced biblicism. By way of contrast, proponents of the doctrine continued to use good and necessary consequences, saw Reformed scholasticism as resource, and rejected bibliclism.
The Westminster Standards
Authors: Fesko J. V. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Many contemporary critics of the Westminster Standards believe that it is a doctrinal straightjacket that narrows the bounds of permissible beliefs within the church. The confession does define the boundaries of orthodoxy but it was written in such a manner as to accommodate several different versions of the covenant of works. The Westminster divines did not agree on whether Adam’s reward was temporal or eternal life. They also disagreed on the proper exegetical foundation for the doctrine. There was also disagreement on the precise way to relate the Adamic and Mosaic covenants. The confession thus codifies the broad parameters of the doctrine to allow for a diversified orthodoxy.
The Formula Consensus Helvetica
Authors: Fesko J. V. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores the confessional codification of the covenant of works in the Formula Consensus Helvetica, written by Johannes Heidegger and Francis Turretin. In the prior generation Reformed theologians were willing to allow differences of opinion on the finer points of the doctrine of the covenant of works, such as the nature of Adam’s reward (temporal or eternal) and the relationship between the Adamic and Mosaic covenants. But with the perceived threat of doctrinal novelty coming from the Academy of Saumur, Swiss theologians sought to narrow the gates of orthodoxy by precluding the Salmurian views. Adam’s obedience would secure eternal, not temporal, life, and the Cameronian idea of a third distinct covenant in addition to the covenants of works and grace was disallowed. Despite narrowing the gate, the Formula Consensus Helvetica was not widely adopted.
Conclusion
Authors: Fesko J. V. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The conclusion summarizes the study. The doctrine stands in continuity with patristic versions and does not arise de novo in the sixteenth century. Roman Catholics were also some of the first sixteenth-century theologians to teach an Adamic covenant. The doctrine is a construct based on a good and necessary consequence. This means that the doctrine has a broad scriptural foundation. There are also different variants of the doctrine and even confessional formulations allow for a diversity of opinion. These points stand in contrast to the claims of critics who rarely engage a close reading of primary sources. Moreover, with the development of biblicism, critics have approached the question with a different hermeneutic methodology than early modern Reformed theologians. Lastly, one of the most important themes in the covenant of works is love, something that most critics of the doctrine fail to factor.
Questions
Authors: Shew Melissa M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This chapter explains the ways that philosophical questions arise from and shape people’s lives in existential ways. The first section outlines the difference between transactional/information questions and questions that require knowledge; the second section explains epistemic curiosity and distinguishes between knowledge and thinking; the third section explains the existentially transformative nature of questions in people’s lives. The chapter overall argues that philosophical questions are ecstatic, taking people from where they tend to find themselves and out of a static sense of a Subject to return to themselves as always in process. The heart of philosophy thus lies in the ecstatic movement of authentic questioning.
Morality
Authors: Ware Owen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis chapter offers a close analysis of Fichte’s first foundational argument in the System of Ethics, his deduction of the moral law in §§1–3. The discussion begins with Kant’s doctrine of the fact of reason: the idea that our consciousness of the moral law warrants the belief that we are free. While many commentators assume that Fichte rejects this doctrine, there is evidence to show that he sides with Kant in making our consciousness of the moral law a necessary condition for cognizing our freedom. What is novel about Fichte’s argument in §§1–3 of the System of Ethics is that it treats freedom and morality not as two separate thoughts but as different aspects of one and the same thing, which he calls the principle of I-hood (Ichheit) as such.
Perfection
Authors: Ware Owen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAfter considering recent efforts to read Fichte as a deontologist or as a consequentialist, this final chapter gives evidence for understanding the final shape of Fichte’s moral philosophy as a form of social perfectionism. The chapter then returns to what looks like a final puzzle threatening the integrity of Fichte’s position in the System of Ethics: the puzzle of whether cases of moral disagreement are resolvable on the basis of a personal principle (one’s own conscience) or on the basis of an interpersonal principle (rational dialogue). The solution this chapter proposes is that, for Fichte, the verdicts of one’s own conscience are never meant to overrule the process of rational dialogue that makes a living community between persons possible.
When Are Women Well Represented?
Authors: Celis Karen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Chapter 2 offers a re-reading of classic and newer research on women’s political representation. It is designed not to provide the reader with a comprehensive, global account of what has been said and found by multiple generations of scholars. Rather, by using more select work, the authors show through a critical reading that the dominant “dimensional approach” to political representation limits both conceptual understanding and empirical evaluation of the quality of women’s political representation. This tendency toward individual dimensions of representation—oftentimes discrete analysis of descriptive, substantive, symbolic, and affective representation—not only presumes that women’s good representation is somehow a simple question of adding up and taking away scores for each dimension, but it also makes it particularly hard to conceive, theoretically and empirically, when women are well represented, given women’s ideological and intersectional differences. Hence, the authors’ claim to redress intersectionally women’s poverty of representation demands that we conceive of representation as a mélange.
Introduction
Authors: McKean Benjamin L. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The need for an orientation to the global economy is introduced by considering how an apparel consumer in the developed world should respond to the deaths of apparel workers in the Tazreen factory fire and Rana Plaza collapse in Bangladesh. These paradigmatic global injustices are not well understood by standard egalitarian approaches to global justice. Those approaches focus on the comparative wealth of the developed world, but in doing so, they overlook the ways that the global economy is also experienced as unfair by workers there. The chapter argues instead for recognizing that many people in both Bangladesh and the United States have an interest in changing the institutions that govern the global economy. The chapter explains what a conception of orientation can do and why a range of theoretical traditions can endorse the book’s account in light of neoliberalism’s ascendance. The book’s remaining chapters are also summarized.
Why Sovereignty Is Not the Solution
Authors: McKean Benjamin L. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Many critics of neoliberalism argue that resistance requires reasserting unconstrained state sovereignty, but this response effectively reinforces the neoliberal distinction between politics and the market rather than attending to the authority, coercion, and contestation that pervade the global economy. Such appeals to unconstrained sovereignty are found across the political spectrum; left egalitarian arguments for Brexit are illustrative. The chapter highlights contemporary philosophers like Thomas Nagel, who argue that distributive justice is only possible thanks to state coercion and that distributive justice is necessary to legitimate state coercion. Ultimately, by appealing to unconstrained state sovereignty as necessary for politics, this approach—and others which similarly draw on Weber—homogenizes state power and consequently overlooks the different ways people experience its force, such as racial disparities in the use of force by police. Such a theory is ill-suited for understanding what equal political status actually requires, even domestically.
Introduction
Authors: Hollis-Brusky Amanda , Wilson Joshua C. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Using Regent Law School’s founding dean, Herb Titus, as an example, the book’s introduction lays out the aspirations and challenges facing the creation of “Christian Worldview” law schools and training programs. These institutions seek to promote and reinforce a vision of law rooted in Christianity and biblical principles, which challenges and sometimes rejects the premises of “secular legalism” that have been embraced in America and the Western world since the nineteenth century. These law schools add to the ranks of institutions meant to enable the Christian Right to pursue short- and long-term policy goals in a broader set of political venues. After briefly introducing the book’s primary case studies—Regent Law School, Liberty Law School, Ave Maria School of Law, and Alliance Defending Freedom’s Blackstone Legal Fellowship—the book’s central questions and the arc of the response are summarized. In doing so, the authors also introduce the book’s primary theoretical contributions.
Social and Cultural Capital (or “Credibility Capital”)
Authors: Hollis-Brusky Amanda , Wilson Joshua C. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the actual and potential production of two dimensions of “credibility capital”—social capital and cultural capital. To gauge social capital, the chapter looks at the extent to which newly created Christian conservative law schools are networked both with Christian Right movement institutions and with other more mainstream elite conservative institutions and networks like the Federalist Society. To measure cultural capital, the chapter looks at print media appearances for the faculty of each of these institutions. How often and in which media outlets are these faculty engaging with broader publics through Op-eds or by being quoted and cited as experts? Comparisons are drawn along both these dimensions with institutions representative of the rejected supplemental (Blackstone) and infiltration (Notre Dame and Baylor) options.
The Apex of the Support Structure Pyramid
Authors: Hollis-Brusky Amanda , Wilson Joshua C. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This chapter investigates the abilities of Christian Worldview law schools and legal training programs to access courts. To capture a more complete picture of this dynamic, it charts the general cartography of Christian Worldview faculty participation in state and federal litigation as both litigators and as amici curiae. This map of Christian Worldview faculty participation in litigation helps identify potential “conduits” through which ideas or intellectual capital can be transmitted or diffused to judicial decision-makers. Additionally, because intellectual capital need not travel through a Christian Worldview conduit to be useful to judicial decision-makers, this analysis also examines court briefs and judicial opinions for citations to Christian Worldview faculty. The chapter finds that with the exception of five exceptionally active and well-connected faculty, the Christian Worldview faculties are not well-represented when it comes to direct litigation.
The High Tide
Authors: Brown Phillip 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines the enduring appeal of orthodox human capital theory. It looks at the reasons why, in the life cycles of theories, it reached its high tide before the global financial crisis in 2007 but continues to enjoy widespread policy appeal. The chapter illustrates two closely related themes brought together in the 1980s which gave some credence to Becker’s claim that the world had entered an “age of human capital.” The first describes the political ascendency of neoliberalism, which shares common ground with Becker’s economic approach. The second shows that what made neoliberalism a viable, if inherently flawed approach to public policy was the idea of a fundamental transformation in economic organization, wherein human capital is viewed as the most important driver of economic development. This chapter also considers how these themes were taken up and developed into an international framework of human capital development, perpetuating the view that education and the skills upgrading of the workforce remain the key to individual prosperity, improved productivity, and economic growth.
The Failed Promise of Development
Authors: Brown Phillip 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines the promise of human capital investment on economic growth and its consequences for developing countries. Education investment as a way of increasing the stock of human capital remains a key part of the World Bank’s approach to policy reform for so-called developing countries. The chapter argues that such accounts fail to understand the changing relationship between education, employment, and economic growth. Notwithstanding the rapid economic advances made by some emerging economies, most notably China and India, the experience of development has left many people within these countries stranded in the rubble of modernization, while others, including those with a tertiary education, struggle to find meaningful and sustainable employment. Despite continuous national investment in education and economic liberalization, many developing countries are falling further behind. The chapter describes some of the tensions and contradictions of development in emerging economies and how they are fueled by the failed promise of orthodox theory.
Starting Principles
Authors: Brown Phillip 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This chapter presents an alternative theory of human capital. It rejects orthodox accounts based on labor scarcity and the idea that people are in a skills competition. With this in mind, the chapter outlines a different approach built on the starting premise that twenty-first-century economies are characterized by job scarcity. It first considers job scarcity and some of its implications for the development of an alternative theory of human capital. The chapter then looks at why translating human behavior into capital is different from other forms of capital assets and why the foundations of individual economic welfare under market capitalism are inherently insecure. Next, an alternative understanding of the self is presented, after which the chapter recognizes the fundamental inequalities in opportunities to develop individual capabilities. Finally, the chapter highlights the socioeconomic foundations of human capital, rejecting the overarching model of neoliberal economics from which orthodox theory derives.
Strategies for Measuring Virtue
Authors: Wright Jennifer Cole , Warren Michael T. , Snow Nancy E. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Chapter 2 provides a review and evaluation of work that has been and is currently being done on virtue measurement. It is divided into five parts. The first provides a brief primer on quantitative measurement. The second discusses strategies for measuring discrete, single virtues, namely, gratitude, courage, honesty, compassion, and humility. The third section takes up strategies for measuring clusters of virtues, and the fourth, the few efforts that have been made to measure virtues comprehensively. The fifth section concludes by evaluating the conceptual and methodological strengths and weakness of these approaches. The chapter highlights the need for the more thorough and theoretically framed approach offered throughout the rest of the book.
The Power of Bearing Wit(h)ness
Authors: Tufo Alisa Del , Fine Michelle , Cahill Loren , Okafor Chinyere , Cook Donelda 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This chapter describes a grassroots effort to engage youth and elders in an intergenerational oral history project that uses personal testimony to share stories of resilience and suffering from everyday racism in the United States. Using a truth and reconciliation model, these stories are used as vehicles for persona healing and community activism. Given the present moment of #SAYTHEIRNAME in solidarity with the Movement for Black Lives, our documentation of this powerful racial justice, truth-telling testimonies project joins a growing archive of wounds and resistance that define Black life in the United States, since 1619.