bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chondroitinase ABC reduces dopaminergic nigral cell death and striatal terminal loss in a 6-hydroxydopamine partial lesion mouse model of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Fletc Edward JR , Moon Lawrence DF , Duty Susan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
BackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is characterised by dopaminergic cell loss within the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) that leads to reduced striatal dopamine content and resulting motor deficits. Identifying new strategies to protect these cells from degeneration and retain striatal dopaminergic innervation is therefore of great importance. Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are recognised contributors to the inhibitory extracellular milieu known to hinder tissue recovery following CNS damage. Digestion of these molecules by the bacterial lyase chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) has been shown to promote functional recovery in animal models of neurological injury. Although ChABC has been shown to promote sprouting of dopaminergic axons following transection of the nigrostriatal pathway, its ability to protect against nigrostriatal degeneration in a toxin-based module with better construct validity for PD has yet to be explored. Here we examined the neuroprotective efficacy of ChABC treatment in the full and partial 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion mouse models of PD. ResultsIn mice bearing a full 6-OHDA lesion, ChABC treatment failed to protect against the loss of either nigral cells or striatal terminals. In contrast, in mice bearing a partial 6-OHDA lesion, ChABC treatment significantly protected cells of the rostral SNc, which remained at more than double the numbers seen in vehicle-treated animals. In the partial lesion model, ChABC treatment also significantly preserved dopaminergic fibres of the rostral dorsal striatum which increased from 15.3 ± 3.5% of the intact hemisphere in saline-treated animals to 36.3 ± 6.5% in the ChABC-treated group. These protective effects of ChABC treatment were not accompanied by improvements in either the cylinder or amphetamine-induced rotations tests of motor function. ConclusionsChABC treatment provided significant protection against a partial 6-OHDA lesion of the nigrostriatal tract although the degree of protection was not sufficient to improve motor outcomes. These results support further investigations into the benefits of ChABC treatment for providing neuroprotection in PD.
Cardiac biomarkers for early detection of cardiac involvement in children with Kawasaki disease: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Molaei Akbar , Khomahani Azizollah , Ghaffari Shamsi , Sadeghi-Shabestari Mahnaz , Sadat-Ebrahimi Seyyed-Reza 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The authors have withdrawn this preprint from Research Square
Husbands’ experience and perception of supporting their wives during childbirth in Tanzania
Authors: Kashaija Denis Kampayana , Mselle Lilian Teddy , Mkoka Dickson Ally 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: In order improve the quality of birth care and women satisfaction with birthing process it is recommended that every woman has to be offered the option to experience labour and childbirth with a companion of her choice. Involving husbands who are decision makers in the house holds may play role in reducing maternal mortality which is still unacceptably high despite the targeted goal to reduce this mortality up to three quarters as targeted in the MDGs by 2015.This is still addressed in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of 2015/30.This study aimed to explore the experiences and perceptions of husbands’ support of their wives during pregnancy, labour and deliveries in Tanzania.Methodology: Qualitative descriptive study design was employed; involving men aged between 24-63years. Participants under this study were selected purposefully at the clinic and in labour ward of SRRH. The in-depth interview, guided by semi structured interview guide was used to collect the audio recorded and hand written information. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysisResults: Nine (9) semi-structured interviews conducted with husbands of women attended for antenatal care and those came for deliveries. Four themes emerged; Demonstrating love and affection, Men’s adoption with modern life style, Observing women’s right and Meeting social economic difficulties. Husbands’ support to their partners a good behavior practiced during matrimonial lives. Husbands who support their partners during pregnancy and delivery consider themselves as being modern men as they take home duties beside their usual tasks to let their partners rest during pregnancy. Men are constrained by poor infrastructures of roads that makes difficult with transport from home to the hospital especially when labour is imminent. Also wards’ infrastructures are not supportive to men when they come with their partners.Conclusion and Recommendations: Men have a significant role in safe deliveries and in maternal health at large. Our health care settings should be made to accommodate men during the routine antenatal and prenatal care for the positive outcome of labour and delivery.More education to men is needed, either in groups or through media on the importance of male involvement in reproductive and child health issues. Further research is recommended to focus on exploring on how educations and urbanization variations affect men involvement in maternal and child health specifically in urban communities of the low income countries.
Effect of pregnancy induced hypertension on adverse perinatal outcomes in Tigray regional state, Ethiopia: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Berhe Abadi Kidanemariam , ILESANMI Abiodun O. , AIMAKHU Christopher O. , Mulugeta Afework 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Pregnancy-induced hypertension is the development of new hypertension with or without proteinuria after 20 weeks of pregnancy. The prevalence of pregnancy-induced hypertension in Ethiopia ranges from 2.2 to 18.3%. Similarly, a study conducted in Tigray regional state indicated a higher prevalence of pregnancy-induced hypertension. However, so far little is known about the adverse perinatal outcomes of pregnancy-induced hypertension in Tigray Regional State, Ethiopia. Therefore the objective of this study was to assess the effect of pregnancy-induced hypertension on adverse perinatal outcomes in Tigray Regional State, Ethiopia. Methods: a prospective cohort study was conducted on a total sample of 782 pregnant women attending antenatal care in hospitals of Tigray regional state, Ethiopia. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaire and review of their medical records from February 1, 2018, to February 30, 2019. Maternal age, wealth status, educational status, residence, gravidity, type of pregnancy, mode of delivery, anemia status and maternal undernutrition variables were controlled in the statistical models. A modified Poisson regression model with robust standard errors was used to analyze Relative risk. Results: In this study, the overall incidence of adverse perinatal outcome was higher among women with pregnancy-induced hypertension than normotensive women (66.4% vs 22.2%). After adjusted for confounders women with pregnancy-induced hypertension were born babies with a higher risk of low birth weight (adjusted RR(95%CI)= 5.1(3.4,7.8)), birth asphyxia (aRR=2.6(1.9,3.8)), small for gestational age (aRR=3.3(2.3,4.6)), preterm delivery (aRR=5.2(3.4,7.9)), stillbirth (aRR=3.46(1.40,8.54)), admission to neonatal intensive care unit (aRR=5.1(3.1,8.4)) and perinatal death (aRR=3.6(1.8,7.4)) compared to normotensive pregnant women. Conclusions: Higher incidences of adverse perinatal outcomes were occurred among women pregnancy-induced hypertension in Tigray regional state, Ethiopia. Hence health care providers should strengthen prevention, early diagnosis and prompt management of pregnancy-induced hypertension to reduce adverse perinatal outcomes of pregnancy-induced hypertension. Keywords: Adverse perinatal outcomes, pregnancy-induced hypertension, Tigray, Ethiopia
Does demineralized bone matrix enhance tendon-to-bone healing after rotator cuff repair in a rabbit model?
Authors: Lee Woo-Yong , Kim Young-Mo , Shin Hyun-Dae , Hwang Deuk-Soo , Joo Yong-Bum , Cha Soo-Min , Kim Kyung-Hee , Jeon Yoo-Sun , Lee Sun-Yeul 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background

The purpose of this study was to compare the histologic outcomes after rotator cuff (RC) repair between with demineralized bone matrix (DBM) augmentation and without DBM and to evaluate the role of DBM for tendon-to-bone (TB) healing in a rabbit model.

Methods

Twenty-six adult male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly allocated to the control group (n = 13) or the DBM group (n = 13). A chronic RC tear was generated on the right shoulder of all rabbits. In the control group, RC repair was achieved by a standard transosseous technique. In the DBM group, RC repair was achieved using the same technique, and DBM was interposed between the cuff and bone. After 8 weeks, the RC tendon entheses from all rabbits were processed for gross and histologic examination.

Results

In the control group, the tendon midsubstance was disorganized with randomly and loosely arranged collagen fibers and rounded fibroblastic nuclei. The TB interface was predominantly fibrous with small regions of fibrocartilage, especially mineralized fibrocartilage. In the DBM group, the tendon midsubstance appeared normal and comprised densely arranged collagen fibers, with orientated crimped collagen fibers running in the longitudinal direction of the tendon. These fibers were interspersed with elongated fibroblast nuclei. The TB interface consisted of organized collagen fibers with large quantities of fibrocartilage and mineralized fibrocartilage.

Conclusion

DBM augmentation at the RC-to-bone interface enhances TB healing after RC repair.
HIV/AIDS treatment failure and associated factors in Ethiopia: Meta-analysis
Authors: Endalamaw Aklilu , Mekonnen Mengistu , Geremw Demeke , Ambaw Fekadu , Tesera Hiwot , Habtewold Tesfa Dejenie 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: The national burden of HIV treatment failure and associated factors in Ethiopian context is required to provide evidence towards a renewed ambitious future goal.Methods: We accessed Ethiopian Universities’ online repository library, Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus to get the research articles. We run I-squared statistics to see heterogeneity. Publication bias was checked by using Egger’s regression test. The pooled prevalence was estimated using DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model. We employed the sensitivity analysis to see the presence of outlier result in the included studies. Results: The overall HIV treatment failure was 15.9% (95% CI: 11.6%-20.1%). Using immunological, virological, and clinical definition, HIV treatment failure was 10.2% (6.9%-13.6%), (5.6% (95% CI: 2.9%-8.3%), and (6.3% (4.6%-8.0%)), respectively. The pooled effects of WHO clinical stage III/IV (AOR=1.9; 95% CI: 1.3-2.6), presence of opportunistic infections (AOR=1.8; 95% CI: 1.2-2.4), and poor HAART adherence (AOR= 8.1; 95% CI: 4.3-11.8) on HIV treatment failure were estimated. Conclusions : HIV treatment failure in Ethiopia found to be high. HIV intervention programs need to address the specified contributing factors of HIV treatment failure. Behavioral intervention to prevent treatment interruption is required to sustain HIV treatment adherence. Protocol Registration : It has been registered in the PROSPERO database with a registration number of CRD42018100254.
Influence of benzene exposure, fat content, and their interactions on erythroid-related hematologic parameters in petrochemical workers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Xiao Yongmei , Zhang Xue , Deng Qifei , He Zhini , Li Jie , Ma Xiaoju , Zhang Zhaorui , Wu Dehua , Xing Xiumei , Peng Jing , Guo Hongyu , Huang Ming , Chen Liping , Dang Shanfeng , Zhu Yanqun , Zhang Zhengbao , Yang Boyi , Wang Hailan , Chen Wen 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Ubiquitously distributed benzene is a known hematotoxin. Increasing evidence has suggested that erythroid-related hematologic parameters may be more sensitive to benzene exposure. Fat content, which is also closely associated with erythroid-related hematologic parameters, may affect the distribution and/or metabolism of benzene, and eventually benzene-induced toxicity. Methods: To explore the influence of benzene exposure, fat content, and their interactions on erythroid-related hematologic parameters, we recruited 1669 petrochemical workers and detected their urinary S-phenylmercapturic acid (SPMA) concentration and erythroid-related hematological parameters. Indices for fat content included body fat percentage (BF%), plasma total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) , and occurrence of fatty liver. Results: The dose-response curve revealed U-shaped nonlinear relationships of SPMA with hematocrit (HCT) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) ( P -overall <0.001, and P -nonlinear < 0.015), as well as positive linear associations and r-shaped nonlinear relationships of continuous fat content indices with erythroid-related hematological parameters ( P -overall ≤ 0.005). We also observed modification effects of fat content on the associations between benzene exposure and erythroid-related hematological parameters, with workers of lower or higher BF% more sensitive to benzene-induced elevation of MCHC ( P interaction =0.021), while workers of lower or higher TG more sensitive to benzene-induced decrease of HCT ( P interaction = 0.050). We also found that some erythroid-related hematologic parameters were different in categories with different SPMA level and fat content. Conclusions: Our study suggested that benzene exposure, fat content, and their interactions may affect erythroid-related hematological parameters in petrochemical workers in a complex manner that are worthy of further investigation.
Daily Physical Activity and Related Risk Factors in COPD
Authors: Albarrati Ali , Gale NS , Munnery M , Cockcroft JR , Shale Dennis 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; font: 12.0px Times} Background : Factors associated with reduced daily physical activity (DPA) in patients with COPD are still controversial. Physical inactivity in COPD increases risk of cardiovascular disease, frequent exacerbations, reduced health status, and increased symptoms. We hypothesised that reduced DPA in patients with COPD is independent of traditional risk factors including age and spirometry. Methods : In this cross-sectional study, DPA (over 7 days) was assessed on 88 community stable patients with COPD and 40 controls free from cardiorespiratory disease. Spirometry, body composition, number of exacerbations, handgrip strength (HGS), modified Medical Research Council (mMRC), arterial stiffness, 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) and BODE index were also determined. Frequent exacerbation was defined as ≥2 and non-frequent exacerbation <2. Results : Patients with COPD had reduced DPA and exercise capacity compared with controls similar in age, BMI and gender, p<0.001. Frequent exacerbators had less DPA than infrequent exacerbators and both less than controls, p<0.001. Patients with higher BODE index were less active than those with lower index. Time spent on moderate activity was related to cardiovascular risk factors including arterial stiffness. The DPA in patients was independent of age, gender, spirometry, body composition and HGS, p>0.05. The level of breathlessness was superior to lung function in predicting the level of DPA. Conclusion : The level of DPA in COPD was independent of traditional risk factors. Breathlessness score is a better predictor of the DPA than lung function and handgrip strength.
Spatio-temporal dynamics of EEG features during sleep in major depressive disorder after treatment with escitalopram:A pilot study
Authors: Wu Li , Wang Xue-Qin , Dong Teng-Fei , Lei Ling , Li Su-Xia , Cheng Qi-Qi , Yang Yong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Previous studies have shown escitalopram is related to sleep quality. However, effects of escitalopram on dynamics of electroencephalogram (EEG) features especially during different sleep stages have not been reported. This study may help to reveal pharmacological mechanism underlying escitalopram treatment.Methods: The spatial and temporal responses of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) to escitalopram treatment were analyzed in this study. Eleven MDD patients and eleven healthy control subjects who completed whole tests were included in the final statistics. Six-channel sleep EEG signals were acquired during sleep. Power spectrum and nonlinear dynamics were used to analyze the spatio-temporal dynamics features of the sleep EEG after escitalopram treatment. Results: For temporal dynamics: after treatment, there was a significant increase in the relative energy (RE) of band, accompanied by a significant decrease in the RE of band. Lempel-Ziv complexity and C0 complexity values were significantly lower. EEG changes at different sleep stages also showed the same regulation as the whole sleep process. For spatio dynamics: after treatment, the EEG response of the left and right hemisphere showed asymmetry. Further analysis of brain region-specific targets found that the frontal cortex showed a more intense EEG response with escitalopram treatment than central and occipital cortices.Conclusions: These findings may contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the pharmacological mechanism of escitalopram in the treatment of depression.
A systematic review of studies describing the influence of informal social support on psychological wellbeing in people bereaved by sudden or violent causes of death
Authors: Scott Hannah Rachel , Pitman Alexandra , Kozhuharova Petya , Lloyd-Evans Brynmor 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Aims Whilst all bereavements are traumatic, bereavement through violent or unexpected causes is associated with more severe negative health and wellbeing outcomes compared to other types of loss. Social support has been found to have a positive impact on wellbeing after traumatic events in general. However, this association appears to be less consistently demonstrated in studies that focus on bereavement, and the literature in this area has not yet been systematically reviewed. This study aimed to review the international literature to examine systematically whether there is an association between informal social support from family and friends after bereavement through sudden and/or violent causes and post-bereavement wellbeing. Methods We conducted a systematic search for quantitative studies that tested for an association between social support and any outcome related to wellbeing after a sudden and/or violent loss. Included studies were assessed for risk of bias, and findings were reported using the approach of narrative synthesis. The review was pre-registered on Prospero (registration number CRD42018093704). Results We identified 16 papers that met inclusion criteria, all of which we assessed as having generally low or moderate risk of bias. 15 different wellbeing outcomes were measured across all studies. We found consistent evidence for an inverse association between social support and symptoms/presence of depression, predominantly consistent evidence for an inverse association between social support and symptoms/presence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and conflicting evidence for an inverse association between social support and symptoms/presence of complicated grief. Conclusions Our systematic review identified evidence to suggest that social support after sudden or violent bereavement is associated with a reduced severity of depressive and PTSD symptoms. Further longitudinal research is needed to explore potential causality in this relationship, widening the focus from common mental disorders to include other mental illnesses, wellbeing outcomes, and suicide-related outcomes after bereavement. There is also a need for consensus on the conceptualisation and measurement of social support. Our findings imply that interventions to improve access to and quality of social support may reduce the burden of mental illness after bereavement, and may therefore be worth investing in.
Why women chose unassisted home birth in Malaysia: A qualitative study
Authors: Tajuddin Nur Amani @ Natasha Ahmad , Suhaimi Julia , Ramdzan Siti Nurkamilla , Bakar Ahmad Ihsan Abu , Malek Khasnur Abdul , Ismail Ilham Ameera , Shamsuddin Nurainul Hana , Othman Sajaratulnisah 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Reports of unassisted home birthing practices have been increasing in Malaysia despite the accessibility to safe and affordable child delivery facilities. We aimed to explore the reasons for women to make such decision.
Methods: Twelve mothers participated in-depth interviews. They were identified using snowballing approach. The interviews were supported by a topic guide which was developed based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour and previous literature. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis.
Results: Women in this study described a range of birthing experiences and personal beliefs to why they chose unassisted home birth. Four themes emerged from the interviews; i) preferred birthing experience, ii) a natural process, iii) expressing autonomy and iv) faith, as reasons for choosing unassisted homebirth. Such decision was firm and strong despite the possible risks and complications that can occur during home birthing. Giving birth is perceived to occur naturally regardless of assistance and home birthing provide the preferred environment which health facilities may lack. Women believed that they were much in control of the birth processes apart from fulfilling the spiritual beliefs.
Conclusions: Women may choose unassisted home birth to express their personal beliefs and values, at the expense of the health risks. Apart from increasing mothers’ awareness of the possible complications arising from unassisted home births, urgent efforts is needed to providing a better birth experiences in healthcare facilities that resonate with the mothers’ beliefs and values.

Keywords: Home birth; free birth; unassisted home birth; Malaysia; healthcare delivery system; qualitative.