bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobile, Remote, and Individual Focused: Comparing Breath Carbon Monoxide Readings and Abstinence Between Smartphone-Enabled and Stand-Alone Monitors
Authors: Tuck Breanna M , Karelitz Joshua L , Tomko Rachel L , Dahne Jennifer , Cato Patrick , McClure Erin A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Newly available, smartphone-enabled carbon monoxide (CO) monitors are lower in cost than traditional stand-alone monitors and represent a marked advancement for smoking research. New products are promising, but data are needed to compare breath CO readings between smartphone-enabled and stand-alone monitors. The purpose of this study was to (1) determine the agreement between the mobile iCO (Bedfont Scientific Ltd) with two other monitors from the same manufacturer (Micro+ pro and Micro+ basic) and (2) determine optimal, monitor-specific, cotinine-confirmed abstinence cutoff values.

Methods
Adult (≥18) smokers (n = 26) and nonsmokers (n = 21) provided three breath CO samples (using three different monitors) in each of 10 sessions, and urine cotinine was measured for gold standard determination of abstinence. CO comparisons (N = 437) were analyzed using regression-based Bland–Altman Analysis of Agreement; receiver operating characteristics curves were used to determine optimal abstinence cutoffs.

Results
Bland–Altman analyses indicated that the iCO monitor provided higher CO results than both Micro+ monitors. Sensitivity and specificity analyses showed that the optimal CO cutoff for determining abstinence was &lt;3 ppm for the Micro+ pro (88% sensitivity, 93% specificity) and Micro+ basic (83% sensitivity, 98% specificity), but was higher for the iCO (&lt;6 ppm; 73% sensitivity, 100% specificity).

Conclusions
Relative to both Micro+ monitors, the smartphone-enabled iCO provided systematically higher CO values and required a higher cutoff to reliably determine smoking abstinence. This does not indicate that CO values obtained using the iCO are not valid; instead, these results suggest that monitor-specific abstinence cutoffs are needed to ensure accurate bioverification of smoking status.

Implications
Results from this study indicate that CO values from the smartphone-enabled iCO should not be used interchangeably with the stand-alone Micro+ pro and Micro+ basic, particularly when lower CO values (&lt;10 ppm) are critical (ie, determination of abstinence vs confirming smoking status for study inclusion). Optimal CO cutoffs recommended for determining abstinence on Micro+ and iCO monitors are at &lt;3 and &lt;6 ppm, respectively.
Epidemiology and Risk Factors Associated With Mortality in Consecutive Patients With Bacterial Bloodstream Infection: Impact of MDR and XDR Bacteria
Authors: Santoro Antonella , Franceschini Erica , Meschiari Marianna , Menozzi Marianna , Zona Stefano , Venturelli Claudia , Digaetano Margherita , Rogati Carlotta , Guaraldi Giovanni , Paul Mical , Gyssens Inge C , Mussini Cristina 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Mortality related to bloodstream infections (BSIs) is high. The epidemiology of BSIs is changing due to the increase in multidrug resistance, and it is unclear whether the presence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms, per se, is an independent risk factor for mortality. Our objectives were, first, to describe the epidemiology and outcome of BSIs and, second, to determine the risk factors associated with mortality among patients with BSI.

Methods
This research used a single-center retrospective observational study design. Patients were identified through microbiological reports. Data on medical history, clinical condition, bacteria, antimicrobial therapy, and mortality were collected. The primary outcome was crude mortality at 30 days. The relationships between mortality and demographic, clinical, and microbiological variables were analyzed by multivariate analysis.

Results
A total of 1049 inpatients were included. MDR bacteria were isolated in 27.83% of patients, where 2.14% corresponded to an extremely drug-resistant (XDR) isolate. The crude mortality rates at days 7, 30, and 90 were 12.11%, 25.17%, and 36.13%, respectively. Pitt score &gt;2, lung and abdomen as site of infection, and XDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa were independent risk factors for 7-, 30-, and 90-day mortality. Charlson score &gt;4, carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, and XDR Acinetobacter baumannii were independent risk factors for 30- and 90-day mortality. Infection by XDR gram-negative bacteria, Charlson score &gt;4, and immunosuppression were independent risk factors for mortality in patients who were stable at the time of BSI.

Conclusions
BSI is an event with an extreme impact on mortality. Patients with severe clinical condition are at higher risk of death. The presence of XDR gram-negative bacteria in blood is strongly and independently associated with patient death.
Microbiology of Bloodstream Infections in Children After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Single-Center Experience Over Two Decades (1997–2017)
Authors: Heston Sarah M , Young Rebecca R , Hong Hwanhee , Akinboyo Ibukunoluwa C , Tanaka John S , Martin Paul L , Vinesett Richard , Jenkins Kirsten , McGill Lauren E , Hazen Kevin C , Seed Patrick C , Kelly Matthew S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Bloodstream infections (BSIs) occur frequently after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We examined the microbiology of BSI in pediatric HSCT recipients over a 2-decade period at our institution to inform empirical antimicrobial prescribing and infection prevention strategies.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children (&lt;18 years) who underwent HSCT at Duke University between 1997 and 2015. We used recurrent-event gap-time Cox proportional hazards models to determine the hazards of all-cause and cause-specific BSI according to HSCT year. We compared the median time to BSI by causative organism type and evaluated for temporal trends in the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among causative organisms.

Results
A total of 865 BSI occurred in 1311 children, including 412 (48%) Gram-positive bacterial, 196 (23%) Gram-negative bacterial, 56 (6%) fungal, 23 (3%) mycobacterial, and 178 (21%) polymicrobial BSI. The hazard of all BSIs did not change substantially over time during the study period, but the hazard of fungal BSIs declined over time during the study period (P = .04). Most fungal BSIs (82%) occurred in the first 100 days after HSCT, whereas mycobacterial BSIs occurred later after HSCT than BSIs caused by other organisms (P &lt; .0001). The prevalence of vancomycin resistance among BSIs caused by Enterococcus faecium increased during the study period (P = .0007). The risk of 2-year mortality in children was increased with BSI (P = .02), Gram-negative bacterial BSI (P = .02), and fungal BSI (P &lt; .0001).

Conclusions
Despite expanded practices for BSI prevention over the past several decades, the incidence of BSI remains high in pediatric HSCT recipients at our institution. Additional strategies are urgently needed to effectively prevent BSIs in this high-risk population.
The Prevalence of “Pure” Lumbar Zygapophysial Joint Pain in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: MacVicar John , MacVicar Ann Marguerite , Bogduk Nikolai 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundEstimates of the prevalence of lumbar zygapophysial joint (Z joint) pain differ in the literature, as do case definitions for this condition. No studies have determined the prevalence of “pure” lumbar Z joint pain, defined as complete relief of pain following placebo-controlled diagnostic blocks.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of “pure” lumbar Z joint pain.MethodsIn a private practice setting, 206 patients with possible lumbar Z joint pain underwent controlled diagnostic blocks using one of two protocols: placebo-controlled comparative blocks and fully randomized, placebo-controlled, triple blocks.ResultsIn the combined sample, the prevalence of “pure” lumbar Z joint pain was 15% (10–20%).ConclusionsThe prevalence of “pure” lumbar Z joint pain is substantially and significantly less than most of the prevalence estimates of lumbar Z joint pain reported in the literature.
Factors Related to Prescription Drug Monitoring Program Queries for Veterans Receiving Long-Term Opioid Therapy
Authors: Andrea Sarah B , Gilbert Tess A , Morasco Benjamin J , Saha Somnath , Carlson Kathleen F 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective
State prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) identify controlled medications dispensed across providers and systems. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) policy requires electronic health record documentation of PDMP queries at least annually for VA patients receiving controlled medications; however, queries are not uniformly conducted. We examined factors associated with PDMP queries for veterans receiving long-term opioid therapy.

Methods
Veterans with a VA provider who received long-term opioid therapy between August 2015 and August 2016 within a four-state region were identified; 9,879 were due for a PDMP query between August 2016 and February 2017. Likelihood of veterans’ PDMP queries during this follow-up period was modeled as a function of patient, provider, and facility characteristics of interest in mixed-effects modified Poisson models estimating relative risk and 95% confidence intervals. Multivariable models controlled for potential confounders identified through the use of directed acyclic graphs.

Results
PDMP queries were documented for 62.1% of veterans that were due for a PDMP query. Veterans were more likely to be queried if they were Hispanic or if they received methadone, had average daily milligram morphine equivalents &gt;20, or received urine drug screening during the studied period. Veterans were less likely to be queried if they had a rural address, mail order medication, or cancer diagnosis. Likelihood of PDMP queries was also lower for veterans whose opioid-prescribing provider was an oncologist or working in a low-complexity facility.

Conclusions
Adherence to PDMP query policy within the VA varied by patient, clinician, and facility factors. Mechanisms to standardize the conduct of PDMP queries may be needed.
Relevance and Verification
Authors: Blumson Ben 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA. J. Ayer’s empiricist criterion of meaning was supposed to have sorted all statements into nonsense on the one hand, and tautologies or genuinely factual statements on the other. Unfortunately for Ayer, it follows from classical logic that his criterion is trivial—it classifies all statements as either tautologies or genuinely factual, but none as nonsense. However, in this paper, I argue that Ayer’s criterion of meaning can be defended from classical proofs of its triviality by the adoption of a relevant logic—an idea which is motivated because, according to Ayer, the genuinely factual statements are those which observation is relevant to.
Cost-effectiveness of on-site musculoskeletal ultrasound in an outpatient rheumatology clinic
Authors: Acebes Carlos , Rubio Laura , Román Almudena , Herrero Antonio , Arcos Javier 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the impact of the routine use of musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) in rheumatology clinics by comparing one clinic with on-site MSUS (REU 1) and four clinics without this resource, which need to refer patients for the MSUS exams (REU 2–5).

Methods
The electronic medical records of all new patients at five rheumatology clinics during a 12-month period were reviewed. The impact of MSUS was analysed by comparing the percentage of direct discharges of patients from the different clinics, as an outcome of effectiveness, and the number and cost of radiology referrals for imaging exams (MSUS and MRI), as an outcome of cost-saving.

Results
The medical records of 4923 patients were included in the study, distributed as follows: REU 1, 1464 (29.7%); REU 2, 1042 (21.2%); REU 3, 1089 (22.1%); REU 4, 579 (11.8%); and REU 5, 749 (15.2%). There were more direct discharges from REU 1 (34.4%) than from REU 2–5 (15.6%) (P&lt;0.001). REU 1 made radiological referrals for X-rays, MRIs or MSUS exams in 773 (52.8%) patients, compared with 2626 (75.9%) patients in REU 2–5 (P&lt;0.001). An estimation of costs for the clinical assessment of 1000 new patients revealed a cost-saving in REU 1 of €21 413 in MSUS and of €877 in MRI exams.

Conclusion
The implementation of on-site MSUS in a new-patient rheumatology clinic is cost-effective, facilitating the direct discharge of patients and reducing the number and cost of radiological referrals for imaging exams.
Nontyphoidal Salmonella Osteomyelitis in an Immunocompetent Adult Without Preceding Symptoms
Authors: Hanssen Jaap L. J. , Anten Sander , Stollenwerck Guido , Kuijpers Laura M. F. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A 23-year-old man presented with a painful swelling of his left shin approximately 5 weeks after a very mild trauma. He had not experienced fever, abdominal pain, or diarrhea. Magnetic resonance images were compatible with chronic osteomyelitis. The cultures of the bone biopsy showed growth of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. Blood cultures remained sterile, there were no signs of a carrier state, and no immune deficiency could be found. After surgical debridement, the patient was treated with ceftriaxone and co-trimoxazole and later ciprofloxacin because of an allergic reaction. Nontyphoidal Salmonella osteomyelitis is rare in immunocompetent adults without a hemoglobinopathy. The treatment consists of surgical debridement and prolonged antibiotics.
The Use of Debates in an Online Nursing Course
Authors: George Tracy P. , Munn Allison C. , Phillips Tiffany A. 
Published: September 2020

Background
It is important to foster active participation in online graduate nursing courses through creative teaching strategies, such as virtual synchronous debates.

Method
A free videoconferencing system was used to complete the virtual synchronous debates. Demographic information and survey data were obtained to assess the impact of an online debate on critical thinking and presentation skills.

Results
Seven of the 10 scored survey items had statistically significant differences in preimplementation and postimplementation ranked scores. Five qualitative themes were revealed: predebate anxiety/nervousness, technical issues/online format, learning experience, improved presentation skills, and group work.

Conclusion
Through virtual synchronous debates, graduate nursing students can gain a stronger appreciation for ethical issues in health care, learn to succinctly convey their views, and increase their confidence in presenting a professional argument.
68Ga-DOTATATE PET/MRI for Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Nguyen Nghi C. , Moon Chan-Hong , Muthukrishnan Ashok , Furlan Alessandro 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) constitute a variety of neoplastic entities and exhibit variable degrees of neuroendocrine differentiation and phenotypes, as well as genetic profiles. 68Ga-DOTATATE PET is a novel imaging technique for NET. Although PET/CT is commonly utilized for oncologic imaging, PET/MRI is particularly suited for NETs, as MRI provides greater soft tissue contrast than CT, allowing for improved detection and characterization of NETs, particularly when liver metastasis is suspected or needs to be ruled out. The current pictorial review aims to illustrate the complementary advantages, as well as pitfalls of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/MRI in the evaluation of NETs.
Scrotal Sac Metastasis in Adenocarcinoma Prostate
Authors: Tripathy Sarthak , Prakash Sneha , Angamathu Meivel , Kumar Arunav , Shamim Shamim Ahmed 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Metastasis to the scrotal sac is a very rare phenomenon. We present a case of a 45-year-old man diagnosed with locally advanced acinar adenocarcinoma prostate, post bilateral orchidectomy and radiotherapy treatment, who showed a rising trend of serum PSA levels with discovery of scrotal sac metastasis on serial 68Ga–prostate-specific membrane antigen PET/CT scans.
Incidentally Detected 18F-PSMA Uptake in Glomus Jugulare
Authors: Zade Anand , Trivedi Chintan , Ingule Amol , Jha Smriti , Agrwal Anup 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
PSMA (prostate-specific membrane antigen) PET/CT scan is the imaging modality of choice for staging and restaging of carcinoma prostate. Although initially thought to be a tracer with high specificity for prostatic tissue, with its extensive clinical use, there has been a rise in published literature citing its uptake in nonprostatic conditions. We present a case where false-positive PSMA uptake was noted in glomus jugulare during staging workup for carcinoma prostate.
Rare Case of Testicular Sarcoidosis Detected on FDG PET/CT in a Patient With PUO
Authors: Parida Girish Kumar , Kumar Adarsh , Mitra Sujata , Suman Akchata , Muthu G. Sonai 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Genitourinary sarcoidosis is an uncommon entity, and testicular sarcoidosis is even rarer. We present a case of 66-year-old man who presented to our hospital as PUO (pyrexia of unknown origin) and later diagnosed as testicular sarcoidosis with the help of FDG PET/CT.
A Case of Localized Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma With Lung Cancer Detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Kobayashi Shimizu Shotaro , Okamura Terue , Koyama Koichi , Seura Hirotaka , Nishida Norifumi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A 62-year-old woman was referred for cough and lower abdominal pain. 18F-FDG PET/CT showed strong uptake not only in the left lung mass and hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes, but also a huge lower abdominal mass. All lesions were initially thought to be multiple metastases because bronchial biopsy of the lung mass showed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. However, the abdominal mass was found to be malignant peritoneal mesothelioma after surgical resection. It was difficult to diagnose this case correctly before resection because localized malignant peritoneal mesothelioma is rare.
Prominent Bone Marrow Metastases Without Concurrent Intra-Chest Metastasis in a Case of Cardiac Angiosarcoma
Authors: Cheng Junjun , Ou Xiaohong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPrimary cardiac angiosarcoma is rare and often advances by dissemination. Lungs are the most common metastatic sites, especially when the tumor originates in the right side of the heart. Bone metastases from cardiac angiosarcoma very rarely occur without concurrent pulmonary metastases. We report a case of cardiac angiosarcoma having prominent bone metastases without concurrent pulmonary lesions, as demonstrated by FDG PET/CT scan.
68Ga-DOTATATE and 18F-FDG PET/CT for the Management of Esthesioneuroblastoma of the Sphenoclival Region
Authors: Dadgar Habibollah , Norouzbeigi Nasim , Ahmadzadehfar Hojjat , Assadi Majid 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We present a 48-year-old woman with an olfactory neuroblastoma who was referred for accurate staging using PET/CT. The 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT showed a 51 × 32-mm mass with an SUVmax of 7.59 in the sphenoidal sinuses, whereas radiotracer uptake on 18F-FDG PET/CT was similar to that of brain tissue. 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT might be especially useful in regions with difficult tumor visualization resulting from high background, such as brain tissue. The results of this case may suggest that somatostatin receptor imaging in patients with esthesioneuroblastoma may facilitate the potential application of radiotheranostic agents for the treatment of this aggressive subtype of tumors.
Incidental Finding of COVID-19 Lung Infection in 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Habouzit Vincent , Sanchez Alicia , Dehbi Sabrina , Prevot Nathalie , Bonnefoy Pierre-Benoît 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We report the case of an asymptomatic (no fever, no cough, no dyspnea) 80-year-old woman who had an 18F-FDG PET/CT scan for initial staging of Lieberkühnian adenocarcinoma located on anal canal. Chest analysis incidentally revealed bilateral diffuse patchy ground-glass opacity with mild increasing 18F-FDG uptake, consistent with incidental COVID-19 infection finding during the March 2020 pandemic. The infection was confirmed by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. It led us to improve patient flow and to undertake broader measures to avoid patient clinical issues and potential disease spreading.
18F-FDG PET/MRI of Rhinosporidiosis of the Upper Airways
Authors: Cazzador Diego , Cecchin Diego , Colangeli Roberta , Crimì Filippo , Emanuelli Enzo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A 41-year-old man from South Asia presented with a several months’ history of unilateral nasal obstruction and bleeding. At nasal endoscopy, two strawberry-like, friable, polypoid masses in the upper airways were detected. The patient’s clinical trait was compatible with an infectious disease. 18F-FDG PET/MRI was performed to evaluate the disease extension. Two lesions occupying the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx, slightly hyperintense in T2-weighted sequences, with intense radiopharmaceutical uptake were evidenced. Endoscopic resection was performed with histopathologic diagnosis of rhinosporidiosis, a chronic granulomatous disease caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi. Although rare, rhinosporidiosis should be considered in the differential diagnoses of sinonasal hypermetabolic lesions.
18F-FDG PET/CT Metabolic Behavior of COVID-19 Pneumonia
Authors: Albano Domenico , Camoni Luca , Rinaldi Roberto , Bertagna Francesco , Giubbini Raffaele 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Between March 26 and April 6, among 80 patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT in our department (Brescia, Italy), 4 showed the presence of an interstitial pneumonia suspected for COVID-19 with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction confirmation. All patients except one had bilateral ground-glass opacities and/or lung consolidations in at least 2 pulmonary lobes. Inferior lobes and basal segments were the most frequent site of disease. All lung lesions had an increased FDG uptake corresponding to the interstitial pneumonia, and in one case, mediastinal nodal involvement was registered.
COVID-19
Authors: Sinha Partha , Sinha Shyamashree , Schlehr Evemarie , Schlehr James M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A 73-year-old man with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and no known malignancies was evaluated for back pain. MR examination showed lumbar spine compression fractures, and an 18F-FDG PET/CT scan was requested to assess for skeletal metastatic disease and potential detection of a primary neoplasm. The PET/CT examination revealed scattered FDG-avid pulmonary opacities with upper lobe preponderance highly suspicious for COVID-19. Real-time polymerase chain reaction testing of nasopharyngeal swabs confirmed the diagnosis.
Isolated Lymph Node Amyloidosis
Authors: Tripathy Sarthak , Bharadwaj Mangu , Prakash Sneha , Pramanik Raja , Mittal Abhenil , Shamim Shamim Ahmed 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Amyloidosis is a disorder resulting from the deposition of fibrillary protein in the extracellular tissue and can be classified into primary, secondary, familial, and senile types. Isolated lymph node amyloidosis without any other organ involvement is very rarely seen in clinical parlance, and diagnosis remains very challenging owing to nonspecific imaging findings. We present a case of 50-year-old man with lymphadenopathy, which was later confirmed to be amyloidosis on biopsy and serum-free light chain assay with efficacious use of 18F-FDG PET/CT for response assessment to bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone.