bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the main components of landscape evolution modelling of river systems
Authors: Nones Michael 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCurrently, the use of numerical models for reproducing the evolution of river systems and landscapes is part of the day-by-day research activities of fluvial engineers and geomorphologists. However, despite landscape evolution modelling is based on a rather long tradition, and scientists and practitioners are studying how to schematize the processes involved in the evolution of a landscape since decades, there is still the need for improving the knowledge of the physical mechanisms and their numerical coding. Updating past review papers, the present work focuses on the first aspect, discussing six main components of a landscape evolution model, namely continuity of mass, hillslope processes, water flow, erosion and sediment transport, soil properties, vegetation dynamics. The more common schematizations are discussed in a plain language, pointing out the current knowledge and possible open questions to be addressed in the future, towards an improvement of the reliability of such kind of models in describing the evolution of fluvial landscapes and river networks.
Ein achtsamer Blick auf den Achtsamkeits-Hype
Authors: Schindler Simon 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungAchtsamkeit liegt sowohl in der psychologischen Forschung als auch in vielen gesellschaftlichen Bereichen im Trend. Dieser Artikel wirft einen achtsamen Blick auf den aktuellen Forschungsstand. Dabei werden zum einen diverse methodische Limitationen bei der empirischen Untersuchung von Achtsamkeit deutlich, wodurch valide Aussagen über tatsächliche Effekte nach wie vor nur begrenzt möglich sind. Zum anderen wird eine Forschungslücke bei möglichen unerwünschten Auswirkungen identifiziert. So sind negative Konsequenzen beispielsweise auf interpersoneller und moralischer Ebene theoretisch plausibel herleitbar. Insgesamt kann ein Bedarf an weiterer Forschung konstatiert werden.
Pemafibrate, a New Selective PPARα Modulator: Drug Concept and Its Clinical Applications for Dyslipidemia and Metabolic Diseases
Authors: Yamashita Shizuya , Masuda Daisaku , Matsuzawa Yuji 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurpose of ReviewReduction of serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels by statins, ezetimibe and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors has been shown to significantly reduce cardiovascular events risk. However, fasting and postprandial hypertriglyceridemia as well as reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) remain as residual risk factors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). To treat patients with hypertriglyceridemia and/or low HDL-C, drugs such as fibrates, nicotinic acids, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have been used. However, fibrates were demonstrated to cause side effects such as liver dysfunction and increase in creatinine levels, and thus large-scale clinical trials of fibrates have shown negative results for prevention of ASCVD. The failure could be attributed to their low selectivity and potency for binding to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α. To resolve these issues, the concept of selective PPARα modulator (SPPARMα) with a superior balance of efficacy and safety has been proposed and pemafibrate (K-877) has been developed.Recent FindingsPemafibrate, one of SPPARMsα, was synthesized by Kowa Company, Ltd. for better efficiency and safety. Clinical trials in Japan have established the superiority of pemafibrate on effects on serum triglycerides (TG) reduction and HDL-C elevation as well safety. Although available fibrates showed worsening of liver and kidney function test values, pemafibrate indicated improved liver function test values and was less likely to increase serum creatinine or decrease estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Very few drug-drug interactions were observed even when used concomitantly with statins. Furthermore, pemafibrate is metabolized in the liver and excreted into the bile, while many of available fibrates are mainly excreted from the kidney. Therefore, pemafibrate can be used safely even in patients with impaired renal function since there is no significant increase in its blood concentration. A large-scale trial of pemafibrate, PROMINENT, for dyslipidemic patients with type 2 diabetes is ongoing.SummaryPemafibrate is one of novel SPPARMsα and has superior benefit-risk balance compared to conventional fibrates and can be applicable for patients for whom the usage of existing fibrates is difficult such as those who are taking statins or patients with renal dysfunction. In the current review, all the recent data on pemafibrate will be summarized.
Gender Norms, Sexuality and Post-socialist Identity: Does Migration Matter?
Authors: Gewinner Irina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article problematizes gender norms, sexuality and post-socialist individual cultural legacy by focusing on attitudes towards gendered sexual initiation and related family formation in migrant Russian-speaking women in Germany. It represents the results of a study that investigates whether and how norms of sexual maturity, adulthood and sexual behavior undergo a change or preservation in women after a migration episode and adjustment to a new cultural environment. By doing so, this piece of research scrutinizes the norms of (sexual) maturity, mostly associated with sexual debut and accompanied interpersonal experiences, common for individuals who underwent socialization in the (post-) socialist period and are now living in Germany. Drawing on primary data stemming from online discussions with Russian-speaking first generation migrant women in Germany, this study addresses not only individual cultural understandings of sexuality, adulthood and sexual behavior, but also gives implications on the revival of ‘traditional values’ in post-socialist contexts. This research, thus, contributes to the debate on how far cultural norms can transform through a change of the geographical context.
Evidence-based follow-up in lung cancer?
Authors: Ng Caecilia , Pircher Andreas , Augustin Florian , Kocher Florian 
Published: January 2020

SummaryIn 2012 approximately 410,000 patients were diagnosed with lung cancer and about 353,000 lung cancer deaths were registered in the European Union. Although lung cancer is still the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, advances in detection and treatment have increased the likelihood of long-term survival. In patients receiving definitive curative treatment for lung cancer guidelines suggest follow-up of patients using clinical and radiological examinations over a certain period of time. However, standards differ and there are no generally accepted follow-up recommendations. Aim of this short review is to summarize the currently available knowledge and guidelines regarding surveillance of patients receiving definitive lung cancer treatment.
A new formula for the length of a closed curve
Authors: Charytanowicz Katarzyna , Cieślak Waldemar , Mozgawa Witold 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this article we present a new formula for the length of a closed curve involving a double integral of a certain potential function. This formula is based on the construction of pedal curves, and it turns out that the integral taken over the interior of a pedal curve does not depend on the choice of a pedal point. First, using the notion of support function we derive the expression for the perimeter of oval. Next, we extend our formula to arbitrary smooth simple plane closed curves of the class $$C^2$$

C
2

, but to this aim we needed to use an appropriate notion of an interior of pedal curve. Since the pedal curve of a smooth simple plane closed curve can be fairly complicated and have self-intersections and overlapping parts, we introduce and essentially use a notion of its interior based on the winding numbers and orientations of certain closed parts of the pedal curve forming its partition. At the end of the paper we propose a number of topics for further considerations, also conjecturing that our formula holds for any plane curve having its pedal curve with respect to some point.
Brewery sludge quality, agronomic importance and its short-term residual effect on soil properties
Authors: Alayu E. , Leta S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWastewater sludge generated from agro-industrial wastewater treatment plants is accepted as a good option for land application as a soil conditioner and substitute mineral fertilizers. However, the quality of the sludge sometimes posed a threat to the surroundings. The objective of the study is to evaluate the biochemical characteristics and fertilizer potential of brewery wastewater sludge for agricultural reuse. A field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design array with three replications using brewery wastewater sludge, and nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur (NPS) containing commercial fertilizer along with control treatments. The result showed that sludge application significantly increased average above biomass production by 5.7% and 37.2% over the NPS and control plots, respectively. Also, the sludge-amended plot produced more grain yield of maize with 26.8% greater than the control. The brewery sludge temporary residual effect analysis revealed that the addition of the sludge led significant changes in soil pH reduction and soil electrical conductivity, total phosphorus, total nitrogen and total potassium increment as compared to others and background concentration. Similarly, lead and fecal coliform concentrations in the sludge-amended soil showed 150% and 24.4% increments, respectively, over the control. In general, the preliminary sludge temporary residual effect analysis showed an encouraging outcome on soil basic properties and maize crop productivity. Conversely, future long-term study is essential to monitor the effect of soil salinity, heavy metal and pathogen contaminations on soil and crop production.
A novel behavioural INTErvention to REduce Sitting Time in older adults undergoing orthopaedic surgery (INTEREST): results of a randomised-controlled feasibility study
Authors: Aunger Justin Avery , Greaves Colin J. , Davis Edward T. , Asamane Evans Atiah , Whittaker Anna C. , Greig Carolyn Anne 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Osteoarthritis is a prevalent condition in older adults that causes many patients to require a hip or knee replacement. Reducing patients’ sedentariness prior to surgery may improve physical function and post-operative outcomes.

Methods
We conducted a pragmatic randomised-controlled feasibility study with 2:1 allocation into intervention or usual care groups. The intervention, based on Self-Determination Theory, involved techniques to reduce sedentary behaviour, including motivational interviewing, setting of behavioural goals, and more. The primary outcome was feasibility, assessed using mixed methods. We included exploratory measures to inform a future definitive trial, such as ActivPal3 accelerometry to measure movement, the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Basic Psychological Needs, and cardiometabolic biomarkers. Assessments were at baseline, 1-week pre-surgery, and 6-week post-surgery.

Results
We recruited 35 participants aged ≥ 60 years approximately 8 weeks before hip or knee arthroplasty. Participant uptake rate was 14.2%, and retention rate 85.7%. Participants were very satisfied with the study which was found to be feasible with some modifications. Exploratory within-group comparisons found that the intervention has potential to improve SPPB by 0.71 points from baseline to pre-surgery, a clinically significant increase, and reduce sedentary time by up to 66 min d−1.

Conclusion
In this older surgical population, it is feasible to use behavioural techniques to displace sedentary time to activity and to conduct a trial spanning the period of surgical intervention. This may improve physical function and surgical outcomes. The INTEREST intervention is now ready for evaluation in a full-scale randomised-controlled trial.

Registration
This trial was registered on Clinicaltrials.gov on 13/11/2018. ID: NCT03740412.
Depression mediates cutaneous body image and facial appearance dissatisfaction in insomnia
Authors: Akram Umair , Irvine Kamila 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study examined the relationship between dissatisfaction with cutaneous body image and facial appearance with symptoms of insomnia whilst incorporating the mediating role of anxiety and/or depression after accounting for co-morbid sleep disorder symptoms. Participants (n = 241) completed online measures assessing insomnia symptoms, anxiety and depression symptoms, and satisfaction with cutaneous body image and facial appearance. Symptoms of insomnia were independently related to greater dissatisfaction with cutaneous body image and facial appearance in univariate analyses. However, linear regression analyses determined these relationships to be partially mediated by depression, but not anxiety. Expanding on prior research, these findings suggest that whilst increased symptoms of insomnia may influence dissatisfaction with cutaneous and facial features, these relationships may be partially attributed to the experience of depressive symptoms often co-morbid with both insomnia and dermatological complaints. Treatment approaches for individuals with insomnia may benefit from targeting and improving negatively appraised aspects of physical self-perception.
Electrospinning of ABS nanofibers and their high filtration performance
Authors: Jiang Shaohua , Schmalz Holger , Agarwal Seema , Greiner Andreas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAcrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) is a commercial polymer for widely industrial applications due to its good mechanical and physical properties. However, there are only countable reports regarding its fibers from electrospinning. Comprehensive investigation on its optimized electrospinning parameters is missing. Herein, ABS fibers with different fiber diameters were produced by electrospinning. The electrospinning conditions, including the solvents, solution concentrations and amounts of different salt additives, have been comprehensively investigated. The morphologies of electrospun ABS fibers are studied by scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Different fiber diameters and coating densities are applied for filtration applications, which showed excellent filtration performance. The filtration efficiency of up to 99%, low pressure drop of < 30 Pa, and high filtration quality factor of up to 0.477 are achieved from the electrospun ABS fibers coated on microfibrous polypropylene substrates. In addition, the electrospun ABS fibers also shows good thermal stability and other applications such as oil/water separation.
Germany and the Papacy in the Late Middle Ages
Authors: D'AVRAY DAVID 
Published: January 2020

Towards the end of the twentieth century much UK public money for research was diverted to collaborative projects with specific research objectives, notably in the field of history. This distinguished the UK from other countries on the cutting edge of historical research, notably the USA which lags far behind, but not from Germany, which had long led the way when it comes to teamwork with a clearly defined theme, and where average budgets for historical research projects are still on a scale unimaginable on this side of the Channel. One of the greatest German historical enterprises is the Repertorium Germanicum. The project was conceived in the 1890s, and linked from the start with the German Historical Institute in Rome, from which so much fine work on papal history has emerged, notably by Protestant scholars. The first secretary of the DHI (Deutsches Historisches Institut) had the idea of creating a ‘search engine’ (Suchmaschine). It was to be and is organised within pontificates by the names of individuals who appear in documents in the Vatican Archives: a prosopographical structure. Though the individuals need a ‘German’ connection to be included, that is interpreted in the broadest sense, so that dioceses from Poland to Belgium find a place, as do any Germans who turn up in any other region, if the team happened upon them. Consultation online is now also possible, at < http://194.242.233.132/denqRG/index.htm>, though the volumes under review did not seem to have been made available electronically at time of writing – and many will find the paper volumes easier to manage, where they are available. Ludwig Quidde, who conceived of the project, thought that it could be completed up to the end of the fifteenth century by a team of five within three years. He had no idea of the scale of the holdings in the archive. Furthermore, alongside the Repertorium Germanicum one must now place its precocious younger sister, the Repertorium Poenitentiariae Germanicum, which has (thanks to Ludwig Schmugge and his team) already overtaken the elder sibling with Repertorium Poenitentiariae Germanicum, XI: Hadrian VI,1522–1523, ed. Ludwig Schmugge (Tübingen 2018).
Vitamin supplementation increases the virulence ofEntamoeba histolyticagrown axenically
Authors: Vargas-Villareal Javier , Lozano-Garza Gerardo , Said-Fernández Salvador Luis , González-Salazar Francisco , Moreno-Treviño María Guadalupe , Monsiváis-Diaz Ofelia , Lozano-Alanís Alan Giresse , Guzmán-de la Garza Francisco Javier 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAs a consequence of axenic growth and the elimination of accompanying bacterial flora,Entamoeba histolyticavirulence decreases rapidly, and pathogenicity is lost. This paper evaluated the impact of vitamin supplementation on the pathogenicity ofE. histolytica.Growth ofE. histolyticatrophozoites, cultured axenically in PEHPS (a Spanish acronym for the main ingredients – casein peptone, liver, pancreas extract and bovine serum) medium, with or without vitamins, exhibited a similar growth rate. However, the vitamin-enriched PEHPS preparations expressed 2.65 times more haemolytic activity (at 60 min: 98vs48%,P< 0.05), 2.5 times more phospholipase A2activity at 150 min of incubation and generated more hepatic abscesses (88vs60%,P= 0.05) than the preparations without vitamins. The haemolytic and phospholipase A2activity for the PEHPS − V preparations were restored following vitamin supplementation with A and D. These data highlight, for the first time, that vitamins and specifically vitamin A and D were essential for the recovery of amoebic virulence, lost through axenic growth.
The use of antipsychotic agents during pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Z. , Wong I.C.K. , Man K.K.C. , Alfageh B.H. , Mongkhon P. , Brauer R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have found contradicting results with regard to the use of antipsychotics during pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We aimed to evaluate the association between antipsychotic use in pregnancy and GDM.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library databases up to March 2019, for data from observational studies assessing the association between gestational antipsychotic use and GDM. Non-English studies, animal studies, case reports, conference abstracts, book chapters, reviews and summaries were excluded. The primary outcome was GDM. Estimates were pooled using a random effect model, with the I2 statistic used to estimate heterogeneity of results. Our study protocol was registered with PROSPERO number: CRD42018095014.ResultsIn total 10 cohort studies met the inclusion criteria in our systematic review with 6642 exposed and 1 860 290 unexposed pregnancies. Six studies were included in the meta-analysis with a pooled adjusted relative risk of 1.24 overall [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–1.42]. The I2 result suggested low heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 6.7%, p = 0.373).ConclusionWe found that the use of antipsychotic medications during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of GDM in mothers. However, the evidence is still insufficient, especially for specific drug classes. We recommend more studies to investigate this association for specific drug classes, dosages and comorbidities to help clinicians to manage the risk of GDM if initiation or continuation of antipsychotic prescriptions during pregnancy is needed.
Can the migration process influence the clinical expression of heroin use disorder in migrants to Italy?
Authors: Maremmani Icro , Carbone Manuel G. , Tagliarini Claudia , Ricci Marina , Lupi Anna M. , Sarandrea Lucia , Ceban Angela , Maremmani Angelo G.I. , Casella Pietro 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundFor some time now, there has been a strong consensus that the migration process can influence the onset, course, development, outcome, and clinical aspects of psychiatric pathologies.MethodsIn this study, we have analyzed the influence of the migration process on the clinical expression of heroin use disorder (HUD). In a naturalistic case–control study, we compared, both at univariate and multivariate level, 30 migrant HUD (M-HUD) patients with 30 age/gender-matched Italian HUD (IT-HUD) patients. We also analyzed demographic data, drug addiction history, psychopathological symptoms, addictive behavior, and emotional reactivity to life events.ResultsCompared with IT-HUD pairs, at HUD Agonist Opioid Treatment, M-HUD patients were characterized by inadequate income and the presence of legal problems. They were more frequently at stage 3 of heroin addiction, with a concomitantly less frequent use of stimulants. Their age at the onset of heroin use was greater than that of subjects in the IT-HUD group. HUD post-traumatic stress disorder spectrum was present and was more severe in all M-HUD patients, but grief reactions and maladaptive behavior were the most discriminant traits. No differences were found in terms of addictive behaviors related to heroin craving or with respect to the severity/typology of psychopathology specific to HUD.ConclusionsThe migratory process does not seem to be correlated with addictive behaviors or with psychopathology specific to HUD. It partly affects HUD history, and specifically correlates with emotional reactivity to loss and traumatic life events, so suggesting that in M-HUD individuals, the link between the migratory syndrome and HUD is very close.
A corrugated G-shaped grounded ring slot antenna for wideband circular polarization
Authors: Saraswat Kapil , Kumar Trivesh , Harish A. R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a wideband circularly polarized corrugated G-shaped grounded ring slot antenna is presented. The proposed antenna structure is excited using a coplanar waveguide-fed monopole antenna, which is placed inside a corrugated G-shaped grounded ring. Due to the asymmetry in the ground plane, two orthogonal modes, having equal magnitude and out of phase by 90° are excited, resulting in circular polarization (CP). The generation of the CP in the proposed antenna structure is explained using thin dipole current element approximation. A prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated and tested. The measured results exhibit a 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 37.6% (2.22–3.25 GHz), and reflection coefficient bandwidth (|S11| ≤ −10 dB) of 47.91% (2.13–3.47 GHz). Additionally, the design guidelines are also presented for G-shaped grounded ring slot antennas.