bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and predictors of HIV infection among adults aged 50 years and above in Shinyanga, Iringa and Ruvuma regions of Tanzania
Authors: Ezekiel Mangi , E. Matemba Lucas , Mosha Idda , Nyamhagatta Mukome , Lwezaura Sharon , Moshiro Candida 
Published: January 2021

Background
The UNAIDS Report on the global AIDS report show that 35.3 million people living with HIV globally, out of that an estimated 3.6 million are people aged 50 years or above.
Methods
This was a cross sectional study conducted in Shinyanga, Iringa and Ruvuma regions in Tanzania aiming at determining prevalence and risk factors for HIV infection among elderly people aged 50 years and above. Random sampling was employed to select 2,214 participants. HIV testing to consenting participants was conducted and a survey was used to collect data on socio-demographic information, medical conditions and sexual behavioral factors.

Results
The overall prevalence of HIV infection among study participants was 4.4% (95% CI=3.6-5.4). The prevalence was higher among females compared to males. Majority of study participants were aware of HIV, transmission and preventive measures. Few respondents knew that a person could be infected through anal sex. More than half of the participants prefer HIV status to remain confidential. A significantly larger proportion (24.2%) of males reported to ever use a condom during their last sexual intercourse compared to females (9.5%). Compared to older age groups, respondents aged 50-59 years were significantly more likely to report condom use during last sexual intercourse. Being in the fourth of highest wealth quintile, ever use of condom, condom use during last sexual encounter, having 2 or more partners in the last one year were associated with an increased risk of HIV infection.
Conclusion
The high prevalence of HIV among study participants highlights the prerequisite for increased attention to address underlying risk factors for HIV infection among adults.
Voices from EFL Thai learners towards English writing
Authors: Sundrarajun Chutamas 
Published: December 2020

English language writing is seen as one of the most difficult skills for undergraduate students. When composing a piece of writing, students usually face various problems ranging from grammatical aspects to expressing ideas and opinions. To answer the research questions, this study employed a mixed method of both qualitative and quantitative approaches to identify the students’ perceptions towards Business Article Writing Course, as well as to pinpoint their challenges when working on the written assignments. The intensive data were collected from 20 fourth year students majoring in Business English via the use of questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. The findings give teachers, course designers, and educational organizations an insight into students’ problems in learning English language writing. It also highlights the need to integrate different genres of writing to enhance students’ writing skills so that they can use such techniques to overcome any struggles when composing a piece of writing.

Keywords: Academic Writing, EFL, Writing Strategies, Peer Feedback
Determination of cyber security ensuring behaviours of pre-service teachers
Authors: Karagozlu Damla 
Published: December 2020

As cyber security attack rates increase, so do cyber security concerns. Cyber security is the collection of tools, policies, security concepts, security measures, risk management approaches, actions, education, applications, security and technologies that can be used in order to protect the cyber environment and user rights. The aim of this study is to determine the behaviours of pre-service teachers as this study’s objective is to determine the behaviours of pre-service teachers regarding cyber security. This study is designed according to the quantitative research method and the Personal Cyber Security Ensuring Scale has been used. 144 pre-service teachers of two different universities who took up instructional technologies and material design courses in the 2019–2020 spring semester participated in the study. It has been observed that the participants frequently took measures when they noticed unreliable people and situations in the internet environment but took occasional measures in terms of not leaving any trace, taking precautions and protecting personal privacy.

Keywords: Cyber attack, cyber security, personal cyber security, pre-service teachers
PERBANDINGAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP INTERPRETASI FISIKA ANTARA MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI TERBIMBING DAN INKUIRI BEBAS TERMODIFIKASI
Authors: Jusman Jusman , Azmar Azmar , Permana Imam , Ikbal Muh. Syihab , Ali Mukhti 
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan pemahaman konsep Interpretasi antara mahasiswa yang diajar dengan menggunakan model inkuiri bebas termodifikasi dengan mahasiswa yang diajar dengan model inkuiri terbimbing pada Jurusan Pendidikan Fisika UIN Alauddin Makassar. Jenis penelitian eksperimen murni dengan menggunakan desain penelitian Posttest-Only Control Group Design. Sampel diambil menggunakan simpel random sampling dengan melakukan random kelas dari populasi. instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes pemahaman interpretasi dalam bentuk pilihan ganda. Tekhnik analisis data yang digunakan adalah statistik deskriptif dan statistik inferensial uji T-2 sampel independen. Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan kategori pemahaman interpretasi fisika mahasiswa berada pada kategori sedang. Pada analisis inferensial diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa H0 ditolak, artinya terdapat perbedaan pemahaman interpretasi mahasiswa jurusan pendidikan fisika UIN Alauddin Makassar, hal ini ditunjukkan pada statistik inferensial dengan kriteria pengujian H0 diterima jika -t hitung < t tabel dan untuk harga-harga t lainnya H0 ditolak. Nilai T-test yang diperoleh 3,33 sedang t0,975 = 1,98, sehingga thitung > ttabel (3,33 (1,98).
AbstractThis study aims to determine the differences in understanding the concept of interpretation between students who are taught using a modified free inquiry model and students taught with a guided inquiry model at the Department of Physics Education, UIN Alauddin Makassar. This type of true experimental research using the research design Posttest-Only Control Group Design. Samples were taken using simple random sampling by doing random classes from the population. The instrument used was a multiple choice test of interpretational understanding. The data analysis techniques used were descriptive statistics and inferential statistics on the independent sample T-2 test. The results of the descriptive analysis showed that the category of students' physics interpretation understanding was in the medium category. Inferential analysis, the conclusion is that H0 is rejected, meaning that there is a difference in the interpretation understanding of students majoring in physics education at UIN Alauddin Makassar, this is shown in inferential statistics with the testing criteria H0 is accepted if -t analisis < t table and for other t prices H0 is rejected. The T-test value obtained is 3,33, while t0.975 = 1.98, so that t analysis > t table (3,33 > 1.98).
Diferencias en paisajes sonoros de sistemas silvopastoriles y potreros tradicionales del piedemonte llanero, Meta, Colombia
Authors: Morales Rozo Andrea , Lizcano Diego J. , Montoya Arango Sergio , Velasquez Suarez Álvaro , Alvarez Daza Evelyn , Acevedo-Charry Orlando 
Published: January 2021

Registramos el paisaje sonoro en cuatro fincas ganaderas en el piedemonte llanero del departamento del Meta, Colombia. Se utilizaron ocho grabadoras acústicas, cuatro en silvopastoriles de potreros arbolados y cuatro en sistemas de ganadería tradicional. Cada grabadora estuvo grabando 1 minuto cada 10 minutos, durante un promedio de 4 días, en noviembre de 2019. Se obtuvieron 4743 grabaciones de un minuto, 57.3% para sistemas de potreros tradicionales y 42.7% para potreros arbolados. Se encontraron diferencias en la actividad acústica y el uso del espacio acústico, el cual está relacionado a la distancia a las quebradas. Las variables distancia a vías y a quebradas explicaron la variación de riqueza de aves y anuros, la cual fue menor para potreros arbolados en relación a los potreros tradicionales, lo que puede estar relacionado con el diseño del sistema silvopatoril (monocultivo de falso yopo, Mimosa trianae). Futuras iniciativas silvopastoriles deberían incluir diseños más diversos para poder contrastar el tipo de métricas evaluadas en este estudio.
Bioacoustic characterization of mating calls of a freshwater fish (Prochilodus magdalenae) for passive acoustic monitoring
Authors: Muñoz-Duque Sebastián , López-Casas Silvia , Rivera-Gutiérrez Héctor , Jiménez-Segura Luz 
Published: January 2021

Fish produce sounds that are usually species-specific and associated with particular behaviors and contexts. Acoustic characterization enables the use of sounds as natural acoustic labels for species identification. Males of Prochilodus magdalenae produce mating sounds. We characterized these sounds and tested their use in natural habitats, to use passive acoustic monitoring for spawning ground identification. We identified two types of acoustic signals: simple pulses and pulse trains. Simple pulses were 13.7 ms long, with peak frequency of 365 Hz, whereas pulse train were 2.3 s long, had peak frequency of 399 Hz, 48.6 pulses and its pulses lasted 12.2 ms, with interpulse interval of 49.0 ms long and 22.3 Hz pulse rate. We did not detect spawning in absence of male calls nor differences in male sounds at different female densities. We found differences in train duration, pulse rate, and pulse duration in trains, according to the fish's source sites, but these sites were not well discriminated based on bioacoustical variables. In rivers, we located two P. magdalenae spawning grounds and recognized calls from another fish species (Megaleporinus muyscorum). We did not find a significant relationship between fish size and call peak frequency for P. magdalenae.
Detección automatizada de cantos de aves continúa siendo un desafío: el caso de warbleR y Megascops centralis (búho del Chocó)
Authors: Hoyos Cardona Laura Andrea , Ulloa Juan , Parra Vergara Juan Luis 
Published: January 2021

El monitoreo acústico permite evaluar cambios espacio-temporales en poblaciones animales. Sin embargo, analizar grandes volúmenes de información es desafiante. Se evaluó el desempeño de una técnica de detección (función autodetec del paquete warbleR de R) para identificar vocalizaciones de Megascops centralis, utilizando 6877 grabaciones de un minuto provenientes de grabadoras ubicadas en 21 sitios alrededor del embalse Jaguas, Andes de Antioquia, Colombia. Las vocalizaciones se anotaron manualmente y se seleccionaron dos sitios (597 grabaciones) con el mayor número de registros (49 y 34) para la evaluación del algoritmo. La función fue utilizada con audios a dos tasas de muestreo (44 100 Hz y 22 050 Hz) y tres umbrales de amplitud (5, 10 y 20). Se evaluó el desempeño de la función en términos de su sensibilidad y especificidad, y se estimó la probabilidad de detección de una vocalización según su calidad. La sensibilidad y especificidad presentaron gran variación (0-0.48 y 0.5-0.98 respectivamente). La probabilidad de detección de una señal aumentó con su calidad (mala: 0.12, media: 0.27 y buena: 0.64). El monitoreo acústico tiene gran potencial, y parte de su éxito depende de herramientas de reconocimiento automático, de acceso abierto y fácil implementación. Este desarrollo puede acelerarse fortaleciendo nuestras colecciones sonoras.
Reasoning about Climate Change
Authors: Bago Bence , Rand David , Pennycook Gordon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Why is disbelief in anthropogenic climate change widespread despite broad scientific consensus to the contrary? A widely-held explanation involves politically motivated (“system 2”) reasoning: Rather than helping uncover truth, people use their reasoning abilities to protect their partisan identities and reject beliefs that threaten those identities. Despite the popularity of this account, the evidence supporting it (i) does not account for the fact that partisanship is confounded with prior factual beliefs, and (ii) is entirely correlational with respect to the effect of reasoning. Here, we address these shortcomings by (i) measuring prior factual beliefs and (ii) experimentally manipulating participants’ extent of reasoning using cognitive load and time pressure while they evaluate arguments for or against anthropogenic global warming. The results challenge the politically motivated system 2 reasoning account: Rather than exacerbating the impact of partisanship per se, engaging in more reasoning led people to have greater coherence between judgments and their prior factual beliefs about climate change - a process that can be consistent with rational (unbiased) Bayesian reasoning. Thus, we challenge the dominant cognitive account of climate disbelief, and suggest that interventions aimed at providing accurate information about climate change may be effective in the long run.
Applying an inverse homeostasis perspective to simplify the design and implemention of robustly-nearly-homeostatic biological networks
Authors: Tang Zhe , McMillen David 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A nearly-homeostatic system is able to maintain the steady state system output close to a fixed set point, despite varying levels of environmental perturbation. Studying such systems enables the de- sign of synthetic cellular systems able to function consistently under a wide range of environmental conditions. Here we present the inverse homeostasis perspective, a novel approach to studying and de- signing nearly-homeostatic systems. It represents a graphical approach allowing visualization of how each regulatory parameter affects near-homeostatic performance while being more accessible than situation- specific, mathematically complex approaches. Given the difficulty of precise parameter measurement in biology, we focus on adjusting experimentally-determined steady state response curves to implement near- homeostatic systems without requiring explicit parameter measurements. One implication of the inverse homeostasis perspective is an illustration of the much stronger dependence of nearly-perfect integral con- trollers on the properties of the existing system being controlled, compared to the system-independence of perfect integral controllers.
Vessel Diameter: A Key Factor Influencing Fractional Flow Reserve
Authors: Liu Jincheng , Huang Suqin , Li Bao , Liu Jian , Sun Hao , Xi Xiaolu , Zhang Liyuan , Du Tianming , Yang Haisheng , Liu Youjun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this study, we explored the effect of vessel diameter of coronary artery where the stenosis is located on FFR at the same vascular level. This study is divided into two parts: clinical statistics and numerical simulation. In the clinical statistics section, we compared the blood vessel diameter where the stenosis is located of the ischemic group and the non-ischemic group. In the numerical simulation section, we further explored the effect of diameter on myocardial ischemia by using an ideal model. With the increase in stenosis rate and stenotic vessel flow, the FFR rate of the larger stenotic vessels was higher than that of smaller stenotic vessels. The larger blood vessels are more prone to ischemia when coronary artery stenosis occurs.
Transcription Factor EB Alleviates Endothelial Cell Inflammation Through NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Cell Pyroptosis in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Guo Fengxia , Hu Bing , Sha Yanhua , Zhu Kangning , Li Gang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundIncreasing evidence suggests that transcription factor EB (TFEB) inhibits inflammation in endothelial cell (ECs) and reduces development of atherosclerosis. However, little is known about the mechanism of action of TFEB on inflammation in atherosclerosis (AS).MethodsThe levels of TFEB, NLRP3, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin, MCP-1, cleaved caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 in ECs were examined by immunoblotting, quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) , Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The LDH activity were examined by LDH assay. TUNEL-positive cell were examined by TUNEL assay. The relationship between TFEB and NLRP3 were examined by immunofluorescence and coimmunoprecipitation. The effects of TFEB on atherosclerotic lesions by hematoxylin and eosin, TUNEL and collagen staining in the aortic valve of ApoE-/- mice fed a high fat diet (HFD).ResultsHere, we report that H2O2-induced cell pyroptosis and inflammatory response were mainly due to nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation. The nuclear protein TFEB was significantly increased by H2O2, and knockdown of TFEB aggravated cell pyroptosis and inflammatory response. TFEB directly bound to NLRP3 and blocked NLRP3-mediated cell pyroptosis and inflammatory response. The effect of H2O2 on TFEB might be associated with AMP-activated protein kinase/mechanistic target of rapamycin-dependent signaling pathways.ConclusionsOur findings indicated that a novel TFEB–NLRP3 axis was a critical regulator in EC pyroptosis and inflammation, which could be potential therapeutic targets in AS and related cardiovascular diseases.
Defining Movement Instabilities in Yips Golfers Using Motion Capture and Muscle Synergies.
Authors: Revankar Gajanan , Ogasawara Issei , Hattori Noriaki , Kajiyama Yuta , Shimoda Shingo , Garcia Alvaro , Uno Yuki , Nakano Tomohito , Gon Yasufumi , Kawamura Sadahito , Nakata Ken , Mochizuki Hideki 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
‘Yips’ is an involuntary movement disorder seen in some professional golfers. The diagnostic challenge in yips is to distinguish symptoms of task-specific dystonia from psychological ‘choking’. We hypothesized that in mild-yips golfers, the yips-like shots demonstrate features that are distinguishable from normal-shots allowing for an objective classification. 15 professional golfers with subjective complaints of yips were assessed via motion-capture and surface electromyography during a ‘putting’ task. Normal-hits and yips-shots were identified by golfers’ subjective responses over the trials. Angular velocities of putter club and muscle synergies were analyzed during the swing phase using 1-dimension statistical parametric mapping. Participants had long golfing careers with considerable duration of yips symptoms. While task-based video evidence was inconsequential, in a subset of golfers, we found significant differences in angular velocities of the putter club and altered synergy neural coefficients during the downswing phase. Our findings showed that golfers with mild-yips require precise motion-capture to define movement instabilities which may not be evident with simple videography. Particularly the downswing is affected, and the ensuing perturbations in phasic muscle activity share dystonic features that are consistently identified as abnormal muscle synergy patterns. Dystonia in mild-yips therefore obligates sensitive multimodal assessment to differentiate from golfers with ‘choking’.
Gender Differences in the Perception of and Willingness to Participate in Organ Donation - Experiences of Immigrants From Bosnia and Herzegovina Living in Sweden
Authors: Krupic Ferid , Grbic Kemal , Westin Olof , Svantesson Eleonor , Senorski Eric Hamrin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundOrgan donation is a personal choice and many ethical, legal, medical, organisational and social factors are involved. It is possible to transplant some organs from live donors and others only from deceased donors. Nevertheless, the shortage of organs worldwide is a problem. Gender differences may cause decission and willingnes to organ donation. Methods A total of 60 informants (30 men and 30 women), born in Bosnia and Herzegovina and living in Sweden were available for follow-up. Data was collected by a questionnaire and statisticaly analysed according to the chi-square test, the D’Agostino-Pearson test for checking normality of continuous data distribution and, based on the distribution of results, Student’s t test or the Mann-Whitney test. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05.Results The result showed that significant differences between men and women was highest in the question about definition of transplantation (p<0.0001), information about organ donation (p<0.0001), knowledge about OD (p<0.0001), importance about OD (p<0.003), religious permitting to OD (p=0.0001), religious opposite to OD (p=0.0007), donate to a special person or not (p=0.0062), religion as factor to donate (p=0.0007). It was not better in question about having the donor card (p<0.0001). ConclusionsWomen were found to have more positive attitudes toward organ donation than men. Different socioeconomic factors, cultural beliefs, a higher level of religiousness, a higher level of information and knowledge about organ donation, as well as the ownership of donor cards, may result in a better perception of and willingness to participate organ donation. More knowledge of the religious understanding of organ donations and the reduction in prejudice among respondents would make the awareness and desire for organ donation even greater.
A Four-Immune Gene Prognostic Risk Model for Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Based on the TCGA&nbsp;and Immport Data Sets
Authors: Xu Boyang , Peng Ziqi , An Yue , Yao Xue , Sun Mingjun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAs one of the hot spots in oncology field, immune research provides new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors. Different histological types of colorectal cancer are different. Adenocarcinoma, as the type with the highest proportion, has a high research value. This study aims to build an immune gene prognostic risk model for colorectal adenocarcinoma to improve the diagnosis and prognosis prediction of colorectal adenocarcinoma.MethodsThe differentially expressed immune genes could be obtained from the gene expression data downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the immune gene data downloaded from the ImmPort Database. Univariate COX and multivariate COX analyses were used to construct the immune gene prognostic risk model of and the clinical application potential of this model. The correlation between the model and the immune cells infiltration and the influence of each immune cell on the survival were analyzed.Results5975 differentially expressed genes were obtained, and 497 differentially expressed immune genes were selected by combining the information of immune genes. Among them, 36 immune genes were associated with prognosis, and 4 immune genes (THRB, IL1RL2, LGR6, LTB4R2) were included in the prognostic risk model of immune genes. Patients with higher Risk Score had shorter survival. Compared with gender, age and pathological stage, the model has better prediction potential. In addition, the model was correlated with Macrophages M0, Macrophages M1, T cells follicular helper and NK cells activated. Among them, T cells follicular helper and Macrophages M0 were related to the survival of patients.ConclusionWe developed a prognostic risk model containing four immune genes, THRB, IL1RL2, LGR6 and LTB4R2, which accurately described the prognosis of the patient, and affected the survival of patients by influencing the infiltration of Macrophages M0 and T cells follicular helper.