bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathways to Low Fertility: 50 Years of Limitation, Curtailment, and Postponement of Childbearing
Authors: Timæus Ian M. , Moultrie Tom A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study applies survival analysis to the birth histories from 317 national surveys to model pathways to low fertility in 83 less-developed countries between 1965 and 2014. It presents period measures of parity progression, the length of birth intervals and total fertility that have been standardized fully for age, parity, and interval duration. It also examines parity-specific trends in the proportion of women who want no more children. Outside sub-Saharan Africa, fertility transition was dominated by parity-specific family size limitation. As the transition progressed, women also began to postpone their next birth for lengthy periods in many countries. During the first half of the fertility transition in much of sub-Saharan Africa and in some other countries, however, women stopped childbearing without targeting particular family sizes. Moreover, birth intervals in sub-Saharan Africa have been lengthening since the onset of the transition. Birth control is not restricted to a dichotomy between limitation and spacing. Other reasons for curtailing childbearing and postponing having another birth also shape countries’ pathways through fertility transition.
Trade-offs between economic profitability, erosion risk mitigation and biodiversity in the management of uneven-aged Abies alba Mill. stands
Authors: Selkimäki Mari , González-Olabarria José Ramón , Trasobares Antoni , Pukkala Timo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Key message

Multi-objective forest planning methods were used to assess the trade-offs between three ecosystem services: timber production, erosion protection and biodiversity. The use of trade-off analysis helps to define proper weights for the management objectives and evaluate the feasibility of obtaining economic profit from timber while controlling the erosion risk and maintaining biodiversity ofAbies albaMill.

Context
Forests provide several ecosystem services (ES), many of which are in trade-off. The assessment of relationships between ES helps to optimize forest management.

Aims
This study analyses the trade-offs between timber production, erosion protection and biodiversity in uneven-aged mountain forest of Abies alba Mill.

Methods
Multi-functional forest management was optimized using a simulation-optimization software. Timber production was measured with present value, erosion risk was modelled as a function of stand structure, and biodiversity was dealt with by setting a minimum number of 10 large trees (dbh > 60cm) per hectare as a requirement. Optimizations were conducted for slopes of 10%, 45% and 80% and cutting cycles of 10, 30 and 50 years. Discount rate 2% was used in all optimizations. Trade-offs were evaluated with production possibility boundaries.

Results
We found relevant trade-offs between timber production and erosion protection, which depended on the slope steepness and the length of the cutting cycle. Trade-offs were marginal on 10% slope (50-year cycle) and large on 80% slope (10-year cycle). Biodiversity constraint reduced both economic profits and erosion protection values.

Conclusion
In multifunctional mountain forest, defining proper weights for ecosystem services that are in trade-off is important for satisfying different management objectives in a sustainable way.
Characterization and classification of semantic image-text relations
Authors: Otto Christian , Springstein Matthias , Anand Avishek , Ewerth Ralph 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe beneficial, complementary nature of visual and textual information to convey information is widely known, for example, in entertainment, news, advertisements, science, or education. While the complex interplay of image and text to form semantic meaning has been thoroughly studied in linguistics and communication sciences for several decades, computer vision and multimedia research remained on the surface of the problem more or less. An exception is previous work that introduced the two metricsCross-Modal Mutual InformationandSemantic Correlationin order to model complex image-text relations. In this paper, we motivate the necessity of an additional metric calledStatusin order to cover complex image-text relations more completely. This set of metrics enables us to derive a novel categorization of eight semantic image-text classes based on three dimensions. In addition, we demonstrate how to automatically gather and augment a dataset for these classes from the Web. Further, we present a deep learning system to automatically predict either of the three metrics, as well as a system to directly predict the eight image-text classes. Experimental results show the feasibility of the approach, whereby the predict-all approach outperforms the cascaded approach of the metric classifiers.
Pipe-to-pipe friction welding of dissimilar Al-SS joints for cryogenic applications
Authors: Vyas Hardik , Mehta Kush P. , Badheka Vishvesh , Doshi Bharat 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn the present investigation, dissimilar materials such as AA6063 and SS304L having pipe dimensions of 60.33 mm outer diameter and 3.9 mm wall thickness were friction-welded with different conditions of process parameters. Nondestructive tests such as radiography test (RT) and liquid penetration test (LPT) were carried out on the welded pipes in order to qualify weld joint. Thermal shock test and helium leak tests were performed on the successful welded samples in order to check its ability to work with cryogenic application. The results revealed that the pipe-to-pipe configuration of dissimilar Al–SS joints was produced successfully by friction welding using continuous drive. There were no defects presented in the joint area as revealed by RT and LPT. Thermal shock test and helium leak tests have also confirmed the soundness of joints. Higher deformation of Al base material results in the huge flash formation of Al that results in the sleeve formation of Al pipe on SS pipe. The helium leak test has confirmed the soundness of joints without any defects after its testing at 1.2 psi pressure. More than 60% of joint efficiency was obtained from Al–SS friction-welded joints.
European Collaborative and Interprofessional Capability Framework for Prevention and Management of Frailty—a consensus process supported by the Joint Action for Frailty Prevention (ADVANTAGE) and the European Geriatric Medicine Society (EuGMS)
Authors: Roller-Wirnsberger Regina , Lindner Sonja , Liew Aaron , O’Caoimh Ronan , Koula Maria-Lamprini , Moody Dawn , Espinosa Juan Manuel , van Durme Thérèse , Dimitrov Plamen , Benjak Tomislav , Nicolaidou Elena , Hammar Teija , Vanhecke Eliane , Junius-Walker Ulrike , Csizmadia Péter , Galluzzo Lucia , Macijauskienė Jūratė , Salem Mohamed , Rietman Liset , Ranhoff Anette Hylen , Targowski Tomasz , de Arriaga Miguel Telo , Bozdog Elena , Gabrovec Branko , Hendry Anne , Martin Finbarr C. , Rodriguez-Mañas Leocadio 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Interprofessional collaborative practice (ICP) is currently recommended for the delivery of high-quality integrated care for older people. Frailty prevention and management are key elements to be tackled on a multi-professional level.

Aim
This study aims to develop a consensus-based European multi-professional capability framework for frailty prevention and management.

Methods
Using a modified Delphi technique, a consensus-based framework of knowledge, skills and attitudes for all professions involved in the care pathway of older people was developed within two consultation rounds. The template for the process was derived from competency frameworks collected in a comprehensive approach from EU-funded projects of the European Commission (EC) supported best practice models for health workforce development.

Results
The agreed framework consists of 25 items structured in 4 domains of capabilities. Content covers the understanding about frailty, skills for screening and assessment as well as management procedures for every profession involved. The majority of items focused on interprofessional collaboration, communication and person-centred care planning.

Discussion
This framework facilitates clarification of professionals’ roles and standardizes procedures for cross-sectional care processes. Despite a lack of evidence for educational interventions, health workforce development remains an important aspect of quality assurance in health care systems.

Conclusions
The multi-professional capability framework for frailty prevention and management incorporated interprofessional collaborative practice, consistent with current recommendations by the World Health Organization, Science Advice for Policy by European Academies and the European Commission.
Patient-reported measures of well-being in older multiple myeloma patients: use of secondary data source
Authors: Cenzer Irena , Berger Karin , Rodriguez Annette M. , Ostermann Helmut , Covinsky Kenneth E. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Changes in well-being of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) before and after diagnosis have not been quantified.

Aims
Explore the use of secondary data to examine the changes in the well-being of older patients with MM.

Methods
We used the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), linked to Medicare claims to identify older MM patients. We compared patient-reported measures (PRM), including physical impairment, sensory impairment, and patient experience (significant pain, self-rated health, depression) in the interviews before and after MM diagnosis using McNemar’s test. We propensity-matched each MM patient to five HRS participants without MM diagnosis based on baseline characteristics. We compared the change in PRM between the MM patients and their matches.

Results
We identified 92 HRS patients with MM diagnosis (mean age = 74.6, SD = 8.4). Among the surviving patients, there was a decline in well-being across most measures, including ADL difficulty (23% to 40%, p value = 0.016), poor or fair self-rated health (38% to 61%, p value = 0.004), and depression (15% to 30%, p value = 0.021). Surviving patients reported worse health than participants without MM across most measures, including ADL difficulty (40% vs. 27%, p value = 0.04), significant pain (38% vs. 22%, p value = 0.01), and depression (29% vs. 11%, p value = 0.003).

Discussion
Secondary data were used to identify patients with MM diagnosis, and examine changes across multiple measures of well-being. MM diagnosis negatively affects several aspects of patients’ well-being, and these declines are larger than those experienced by similar participants without MM.

Conclusion
The results of this study are valuable addition to understanding the experience of patients with MM, despite several data limitations.
Nickel Metal Hydride Battery Waste: Mechano-hydrometallurgical Experimental Study on Recycling Aspects
Authors: Porvali Antti , Ojanen Severi , Wilson Benjamin P. , Serna-Guerrero Rodrigo , Lundström Mari 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this research, the recycling of industrially collected and crushed nickel metal hydride battery waste, rich in valuable metals such as Ni and rare earth elements (REE), was investigated. The crushed waste was characterized based on elemental distribution per particle size class and density. Although issues with sieving, such as agglomeration of shredded separator fibers, were observed, a good separation of Fe and plastics could be achieved by using a 1-mm sieve size. It was observed that, as the waste battery particles were washed with water, some organic compounds were dissolved. Acid consumption of 14 mol H+ ions per 1 kg of battery sample (sieve fraction—1 mm) was determined to be sufficient to achieve the desired final pH of < 1. Selectivity of the leaching at higher equilibrium pH was also investigated by using dilute H2SO4. Pregnant leach solution rich in Ni (46 g/L) and REEs (La: 9 g/L, Ce: 7.5 g/L, Pr: 1.4 g/L, Sm: 0.29 g/L, Y: 0.17 g/L) was obtained and REE precipitation was investigated as a function of dilute Na2SO4 solution concentration (0.01–0.5 M) at a temperature of 50 °C. The best precipitation efficiency was achieved with a Na:REE ratio of 9.1, which resulted in a > 99% precipitation efficiency for the REEs.
The Growing Importance of Secondary Market Activities for Open-end Real Estate Fund Shares in Germany
Authors: Gerlach Philipp , Maurer Raimond 
Published: January 2020

AbstractShares of open-end real estate funds are typically traded directly between the investor and the fund management company. However, we provide empirical evidence for the growth of secondary market activities, i.e., the trading of shares on stock exchanges. We find high trading levels in situations where the fund management company suspends the issue or redemption of shares. Shares trade at a discount when the fund management company suspends the redemption, whereas shares trade at a premium when the fund management company suspends the issue. We also find evidence that secondary market trading activity is increasing since German regulation introduced a minimum holding period and a mandatory notice period for open-end real estate funds.
Turn-Initial Discourse Markers in L2 Spanish Conversations: Insights from Conversation Analysis
Authors: García García Marta 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTurn beginnings are the place in conversation where the connection (or otherwise) between a prior and a next turn is displayed. This crucial interactional task is usually fulfilled by turn-initial particles, specifically those known as discourse markers. Although the use of discourse markers by second or foreign language speakers has actually been largely discussed in the previous literature on interlanguage pragmatics, studies that focus on turn-initial discourse markers and that are conducted from a conversation analytical perspective are still scarce. The aim of this paper is therefore twofold. On the one hand, it makes a case for the use of conversation analysis as a research methodology for the study of discourse markers in a second or foreign language. On the other hand, and as a practical elaboration, this paper investigates the use of the discourse markers “y” and “sí” in the turn-initial position by foreign language speakers of Spanish. The results show that both discourse markers are part of an overall concern of signalling continuity and affiliation even in topic shifts and in non-aligned turns.
Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Forage Grass Varieties to Mild Drought Stress Under Field Conditions
Authors: Fariaszewska A. , Aper J. , Van Huylenbroeck J. , De Swaef T. , Baert J. , Pecio Ł. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn view of the expected increase in drought periods, researchers and breeders are searching for forage grasses that are more tolerant to drought stress. This study wanted to examine the physiological and biochemical reactions of nine forage grass varieties belonging to Festuca, Lolium and Festulolium under mild drought stress conditions in a semi-controlled field experiment. A mild drought stress treatment was applied in the period between cut II and cut III using three large mobile rain-out shelters equipped with sprinkler irrigation systems. The experiment consisted of two soil moisture treatments: (1) control where a soil moisture level of around 20% v/v was maintained and (2) drought stress where the soil moisture level decreased to 7.5% v/v. The experiment was cut 5 times in 2014 and 4 times in 2015. A total of nine varieties from five species of forage grasses were evaluated: L. perenne, L. multiflorum, F. pratensis, F. arundinacea and F. braunii. Dry matter yield, gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence were significantly lower in drought stress than under control conditions and the physiological parameters reacted within 2 weeks after the start of the drought treatment in all species. In contrast, drought stress significantly increased water use efficiency, the content of proline, phenolic acids, flavonoids, water soluble carbohydrates and decreased neutral and acid detergent fibre on both years. Based on total dry matter yield and tolerance indices the most drought tolerant species were L. multiflorum in the first and F. arundinacea in the second investigated year.
The utility of anthopometric indicators to identify cardiovascular risk factors in Vietnamese children
Authors: Mai T. M. T. , Gallegos D. , Jones L. , Tran Q. C. , Tran T. M. H. , van der Pols J. C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBMI, waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) can be used for discriminating children and adolescents at risk of CVD. However, consensus on how to use these anthropometric indicators is lacking for children and adolescents in Asia. Discrete criteria are promoted internationally, but continuous variables could be used. Data from a survey of 10 949 Vietnamese school-aged children (6–18 years) were used to evaluate the performance of anthropometric indicators to identify elevated blood pressure (BP), dyslipidaemia or at least three cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF). Weight, height, WC and BP were measured using standardised protocols; 1009 participants who had blood lipids were analysed. AUC was used to assess the performance, and the Youden index to identify optimal cut-offs. The prevalence of elevated BP, dyslipidaemia and CVRF was 26·5, 49·3 and 12·2 %, respectively. BMI, WC and WHtR had low capacity to identify elevated BP and dyslipidaemia (AUC range 0·61–0·66) but moderate capacity to identify CVRF (0·72–0·74). Optimal BMIZ cut-offs to identify elevated BP, dyslipidaemia and CVRF were 0·40, 1·01 and 1·1 sd; for WC z-score, they were 0·06, 0·49 and 0·62 sd; for WHtR, optimal cut-offs were close to 0·5. A BMIZ cut-off of 1·0 sd and a WHtR cut-off of 0·5 would, therefore, be useful criteria to identify Vietnamese children who are likely to have CVRF. However, further validation of these criteria in other studies of Asian children and adolescents is needed.
Early energy restriction in premature infants and bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a cohort study
Authors: Uberos Jose , Jimenez-Montilla Sara , Molina-Oya Manuel , García-Serrano Jose Luis 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a multifactor pathology. Animal studies and cohort studies suggest that poor nutrient intake after birth increases the risk of BPD. The objective of the present study was to determine the existence of association between BPD in very low birth weight (VLBW) and energy intake during the first week of life. We recorded in a retrospective cohort study the intake of enteral and parenteral macronutrients during this period by examining the nutritional and clinical history of 450 VLBW newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. After applying the relevant exclusion criteria, data for 389 VLBW infants were analysed, of whom 159 developed some degree of BPD. Among the newborns with BPD, energy and lipid intake was significantly lower and fluid intake was significantly higher. The energy intake for the 25th percentile in the group without BPD was 1778·2 kJ/kg during the first week of life. An energy intake <1778·2 kJ/kg in this period was associated with a 2-fold increase in the adjusted risk of BPD (OR 2·63, 95 % CI 1·30, 5·34). The early nutrition and the increase of energy intake in the first week of life are associated in our sample with a lower risk of BPD developing.
The effect of topical xylometazoline on Eustachian tube function
Authors: Joshi K S , Ho V W Q , Smith M E , Tysome J R 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundTopical nasal decongestants are frequently used as part of the medical management of symptoms related to Eustachian tube dysfunction.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the effect of topical xylometazoline hydrochloride sprayed in the anterior part of the nose on Eustachian tube active and passive opening in healthy ears.MethodsActive and passive Eustachian tube function was assessed in healthy subjects before and after intranasal administration of xylometazoline spray, using tympanometry, video otoscopy, sonotubometry, tubo-tympano-aerodynamic-graphy and tubomanometry.ResultsResting middle-ear pressures were not significantly different following decongestant application. Eustachian tube opening rate was not significantly different following the intervention, as measured by all function tests used. Sonotubometry data showed a significant increase in the duration of Eustachian tube opening following decongestant application.ConclusionThere remains little or no evidence that topical nasal decongestants improve Eustachian tube function. Sonotubometry findings do suggest that further investigation with an obstructive Eustachian tube dysfunction patient cohort is warranted.
Informant Reporting in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Sources of Discrepancy on the Functional Activities Questionnaire
Authors: Hackett Katherine , Mis Rachel , Drabick Deborah A.G. , Giovannetti Tania 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjective:Relative to dementia, little is known about informant bias in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We investigated the influence of informant demographic and relational characteristics on reports of everyday functioning using the Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ).Method:Four thousand two hundred eighty-four MCI participants and their informants from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set were included. Informants were stratified according to cohabitation, relationship, visit frequency, race/ethnicity, education, and sex. Informant-rated Mean FAQ score was compared across these groups using univariate general linear model analyses and post hoc tests. Interactions were tested between informant variables. The predictive contribution of informant variables to FAQ score was explored using hierarchical linear regression. Analyses covaried for participant cognition using a cognitive composite score, and for participant age, sex, and depression.Results:After controlling for participant cognition, depression, age, and sex, informant-rated FAQ scores varied significantly across all informant variables (p’s < .005, ηp2’s ≤ .033) except sex and visit frequency. FAQ scores were higher (more impaired) among informants who cohabitate with the participant, among paid caregivers, spouses, and adult children, and among informants with higher levels of education. Scores were lowest (less impaired) among Black/African American informants as compared to all other racial/ethnic groups.Conclusions:Demographic and relational characteristics of informants influence the perception and reporting of instrumental activities of daily living in adults with MCI. As everyday functioning is crucial for differential diagnosis and treatment outcome measurement, it is important to be aware of sources of informant report discrepancies.