bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthy lifestyle score and irritable bowel syndrome: A cross‐sectional study in adults
Authors: Hajishafiee Maryam , Keshteli Ammar H. , Saneei Parvane , Feinle‐Bisset Christine , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad , Adibi Peyman 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundLifestyle modifications play an important role in the management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but there is limited information on any associations of combined lifestyle‐related factors with IBS in Middle Eastern populations. We, therefore, assessed the associations of a “lifestyle score,” in analogy to lifestyle scores applied in studies of other disorders, with IBS in adults.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study on 3363 Iranian adults, a healthy lifestyle score (HLS) was constructed using information about dietary habits, dietary intake, physical activity, smoking status, and psychological distress, which was collected using validated questionnaires. A modified version of the Rome III questionnaire (in Persian) was used to diagnose IBS and its subtypes.Key ResultsIndividuals with the highest HLS had a 65% lower odds of having IBS compared with those in the lowest category (OR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.26‐0.48). Participants with healthy dietary habits, including regular meal pattern, slow/moderate eating rate, moderate intra‐meal fluid consumption, moderate/long meal‐to‐sleep interval, and low/moderate consumption of fatty foods, had significantly lower odds of having IBS compared with those with unhealthy dietary habits (OR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.69‐0.96). Moreover, individuals with lower levels of psychological distress, compared with those with higher levels of distress, had significantly lower odds of IBS (OR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.40‐0.60).Conclusions and InferencesOur data suggest that having an overall “healthy lifestyle” is related to substantially reduced odds of IBS, suggesting that adhering to a healthy lifestyle pattern, including dietary habits, diet quality, physical activity, smoking, and psychological distress, can be considered as a key management strategy for IBS.
An evaluation of the impact of lifestyle interventions on body weight in postpartum women: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lim Siew , Hill Briony , Teede Helena J. , Moran Lisa J. , O'Reilly Sharleen 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThe established efficacy in postpartum lifestyle interventions has not been translated into better outcomes. This systematic review and meta‐analysis assess the penetration (the proportion of women invited within the target population), implementation (fidelity), participation (the proportion of those invited who enrolled), and effect (weight loss compared to controls) (PIPE) of randomized controlled trials of lifestyle interventions in postpartum women (within two years after birth). MEDLINE, EMBASE, Pubmed, and other databases and clinical trial registries were searched up to the 3rd of May 2019. Data was extracted from published reports and missing data was obtained from study authors. The quality of the studies was appraised using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (2·0). Main outcomes were the PIPE impact metrics and changes in body weight. Thirty‐six trials (49 publications) were included (n=5,315 women). One study provided sufficient information to calculate the population penetration rate (2·5%). All studies provided implementation (fidelity) information, but over half had low program fidelity. The participation rate was calculated for nine studies (0·94% to 86%). There was significant change in body weight (mean difference (MD) (95% confidence interval, CI) of ‐2·33 (‐3·10 to ‐1·56). This highlights the inadequacy of conventional RCTs to inform implementation. Future research should broaden methods to pragmatic trials.
THE FINDSPOTS OF BRONZE AGE METALWORK IN LOWLAND ENGLAND: A NEW FIELD STUDY
Authors: Dunkin David , Yates David , Bradley Richard 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThis paper is concerned with the deposition of Middle and Late Bronze Age metalwork in three study areas extending from the coast of south‐east England to the edge of the Fenland. It considers where hoards and single finds have been discovered and is based on inspection of over 300 findspots on the ground. It investigates regions in which tools and ornaments are common, but also extends to those with a stronger representation of weapons. While rapiers, swords and spears are found in rivers, terrestrial finds often come from sites close to springs, aquifers and confluences and favour areas with fresh water rather than salt water. Others are from more prominent locations on high ground or in low‐lying positions like dry valleys. We suggest that such places played a role in a tiered cosmology. Metalwork was deposited where the underworld or the sky came into contact with the landscapes inhabited in daily life.
Survey of analgesia and sedation in pediatric intensive care units in Japan
Authors: Koizumi Taku , Kurosawa Hiroshi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐quality evidence of analgesia and sedation management in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) is lacking.MethodsAn online survey concerning the institutional management of pain, sedation, delirium, and withdrawal syndrome, as well as non‐pharmacological interventions to reduce pain and / or to provide comfort, was conducted with the medical directors of 31 PICUs in Japan. The survey was conducted from September to November 2016.ResultsThe response rate was 77% (24/31). Pain was routinely assessed in nine (38%) PICUs. Self‐report pain scales were used in 14 (58%) PICUs. Observational pain scales for children who were unable to self‐report were used in only one PICU. Physician‐driven analgesia protocols were used in two (8%) PICUs. Although sedation scales for intubated patients were used in 15 (63%) PICUs, they were used for the goal‐directed sedation management in nine (38%). Nurse‐driven sedation protocols were used in two (8%) PICUs. Five (21%) PICUs used delirium assessment tools, and delirium screening was not routinely done in any PICU. Five (21%) PICUs regularly used withdrawal assessment tools for a high‐risk group of patients with withdrawal syndrome. Non‐pharmacological interventions for analgesia and comfort were frequently practiced for mechanically ventilated patients.ConclusionsThis study is the first survey conducted by physicians regarding pain and agitation management in PICUs in Japan, and the results revealed great diversity in practice. The implementation strategies to assess pain, delirium, and withdrawal syndrome, as well as to set goals regarding sedation level, are lacking. Protocols for analgesia and sedation management are uncommon.
Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Stability of the Complex Fisetin–Cu(II) and A Comparative Study of Free Ligand and Complex Interaction with Molecular Singlet Oxygen
Authors: Muñoz Vanesa A. , Dimarco Palencia Frida C. D. , Sancho Matias I. , Miskoski Sandra , García Norman A. , Ferrari Gabriela V. , Montaña María Paulina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this work, the flavonol fisetin was selected in order to study its reactivity against Cu(II), a metal ion of interest in biological media and industry. The stoichiometry and apparent formation constant of the complex in ethanolic medium at 25°C were evaluated using spectrophotometric techniques. The resulting stoichiometry was a 1:1 ligand:metal complex, and a log K = 5.17 ± 0.12 was determined. Since two possible chelation sites can be proposed for the complex formation, quantum chemistry calculations were performed on these structures. Calculations suggest that the hydroxyl‐keto site is more stable for the complex formation than the catechol site. Flavonoids could exert protection against oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species, and this biological activity could be affected by chelation with metal ions. This led us to perform a study on the interaction of both, free flavonoid and complex, with reactive oxygen species. Our results showed both compounds quench molecular singlet oxygen photogenerated with visible light, mainly in a physical fashion. In order to analyze a possible protective effect of flavonoid and its complex against oxidative damage in biological environments, the amino acid tryptophan was selected as a model oxidation system. Free flavonoid does not have a marked protective effect, whereas its complex showed a relevant protective effect.
Granulosa cells in three‐dimensional culture: A follicle‐like structure for domestic cat vitrified oocytes
Authors: Colombo Martina , Morselli Maria Giorgia , Apparicio Maricy , Luvoni Gaia Cecilia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFollicle‐like structures are three‐dimensional matrices joint with living cells that allow the in vitro development of female gametes in more physiological conditions. They have been shown to be beneficial to fresh oocytes in different species, and in this study, domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus) granulosa cells were used to create a functional follicle‐like structure aimed at supporting the in vitro maturation of conspecific vitrified oocytes, key players of fertility preservation programmes that usually struggle to acquire their full developmental competence after warming. Cat granulosa cells were cultured for up to 6 days in three‐dimensional barium alginate microcapsules (i.e. follicle‐like structures) or in two‐dimensional monolayers, and their steroidogenic ability (estradiol and progesterone secretion) was assessed to confirm their functionality. The same systems were used (on day 2 or 6 of granulosa cells culture) for the in vitro maturation (IVM) of Cryotop® vitrified immature cat oocytes and compared with microdrops of IVM medium without cells (control). Granulosa cells were able to maintain their functionality in vitro in both the conditions, even if with a different extent of hormonal secretion along culture (p = .02). Vitrified oocytes resumed meiosis at higher rates when cultured with 2 days old granulosa cells (p = .03), but full maturation rates slightly raised when granulosa cells were cultured longer, albeit without differences with the control group. This study paved the road for the creation of enriched culture systems in the domestic cat, but innovations are strongly needed for vitrified oocytes that deserve better chances to develop in vitro.
Model Misspecification in Approximate Bayesian Computation: Consequences and Diagnostics
Authors: Frazier David T. , Robert Christian P. , Rousseau Judith 
Published: January 2020

SummaryWe analyse the behaviour of approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) when the model generating the simulated data differs from the actual data-generating process, i.e. when the data simulator in ABC is misspecified. We demonstrate both theoretically and in simple, but practically relevant, examples that when the model is misspecified different versions of ABC can yield substantially different results. Our theoretical results demonstrate that even though the model is misspecified, under regularity conditions, the accept–reject ABC approach concentrates posterior mass on an appropriately defined pseudotrue parameter value. However, under model misspecification the ABC posterior does not yield credible sets with valid frequentist coverage and has non-standard asymptotic behaviour. In addition, we examine the theoretical behaviour of the popular local regression adjustment to ABC under model misspecification and demonstrate that this approach concentrates posterior mass on a pseudotrue value that is completely different from accept–reject ABC. Using our theoretical results, we suggest two approaches to diagnose model misspecification in ABC. All theoretical results and diagnostics are illustrated in a simple running example.
Current risk factors for HIV infection among blood donors in seven Chinese regions
Authors: Zeng Peibin , Liu Jing , Zhang Chunhong , Zhang Bowei , Liu Wei , Huang Mei , Ma Hongli , Zhao Yuwei , Guo Rong , He Miao , Liu Yu , Liao Dan , Sullivan Marian , Wang Jingxing , Cai Wei , Ness Paul , Shan Hua ,   for the International Component of the NHLBI Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study‐III (REDS‐III)
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUNDIn China, there is a rising concern on the increasing trends of HIV infections in high‐risk groups, who make blood donations that might potentially challenge the blood safety. Analyses on current risk factors for HIV infection among Chinese blood donors are urgently needed for developing effective strategies to defer high‐risk donors and to warrant the safety of the blood supply.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe recruited 313 HIV‐positive and 762 HIV‐negative donors from seven study sites in China and evaluated donor demographic characteristics, current medical and behavioral risk factors associated with HIV infection in a case–control survey. Univariable analyses examined the relationship between HIV infection and donor and donation characteristics, medical and behavioral risks, living conditions, and lifestyles. Multivariable logistic regression analyses evaluated the association between selected individual risks and HIV infection. Regression tree analysis was used to select covariates correlated with both HIV infection and individual risks and thus need to be controlled for in logistic regression models.RESULTSBeing a man who has sex with men was associated with the highest odds of HIV infection. Not using a condom, having sex with HIV‐infected individuals, having sex partners with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), having more than two concurrent sex partners, or having an STD were all associated with more than five times higher odds of having HIV. Having remunerated sex was associated with a 2.4 increased odds of having HIV infection.CONCLUSIONHigh‐risk sexual behaviors were among the major risks for HIV infection among Chinese blood donors.
A Study on Sodium–Concrete Reaction in Presence of Internal Heating
Authors: Kawaguchi Munemichi , Miyahara Shinya , Uno Masayoshi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The sodium–concrete reaction (SCR) is an important phenomenon during severe accidents in sodium-cooled fast reactors (SFRs), as it generates large volumes of hydrogen and aerosols in the containment vessel along with structural concrete ablation. In this study, the chemical reaction beneath the internal heater (800 °C) was investigated in SCR experiments with internal heating. The experiments simulate the effects of obstacles and heating on the SCR. Especially, we focused on the concrete ablation phenomenon because the hydrogen generation is sourced from the moisture in the concrete. The effects of internal heating on the self-termination mechanism are also discussed. The internal heater on the concrete hindered the transport of sodium (Na) into the concrete. Therefore, the reaction between Na and the concrete began at the periphery of the internal heater, where the concrete ablation depth was larger than under the internal heater. The high Na pool temperature (800 °C) largely increased the Na aerosol-release rate, which was explained by Na evaporation and formed a porous reaction-product layer. The Si mass balance and image mapping by an electron-probe micro-analyzer yielded consistent porosities in the reaction-product layer (0.54–0.59). The porous reaction products suppressed the amount of Na transported into the reaction front. Regardless of the internal heater placement, the Na concentration around the reaction front was limited to around 30 wt %. The Na concentration condition was dominantly responsible for the self-termination of the internally heated SCR.
Fracture and Energetic Strength Scaling of Soft, Brittle, and Weakly Nonlinear Elastomers
Authors: Gonzalez Kevin , Xue Jing , Chu Andy , Kirane Kedar 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An investigation is presented into the fracture and energetic strength scaling of soft and brittle polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based elastomers. Mode I tensile fracture tests on pre-cracked specimens of various sizes are carried out with two PDMS elastomers significantly varying in their stiffness, strength, and toughness. The results are interpreted within the existing framework of the energetic type II Bazant size effect law (SEL). The SEL is found to be applicable to the PDMS elastomers despite their nonlinear stress-strain behavior. This is because the nonlinearity is rather weak, making the strain energy approximately proportional to the square of the nominal stress, similar to linear elastic materials. It is found that at the lab scale, the structural strength of both elastomers scales in a self-similar fashion with specimen size and falls on the large size asymptote of the SEL. Then, the strengths of much smaller specimens are numerically predicted using the cohesive crack model. For both elastomers, these strengths are found to fall squarely on the transitional part of the SEL, implying incomplete self-similarity and a transition to quasi-brittle fracturing. This is due to the increased dominance of the fracture process zone whose size is estimated by various methods. It is shown that if this transition is not accounted for, the structural strength can be over-predicted by 140% or even more for smaller sizes. Thus, for the first time, it is shown that soft elastomers, if weakly nonlinear, exhibit conformance to the energetic type II strength scaling laws.
Finite Element-Predicted Effects of Screw Configuration in Proximal Humerus Fracture Fixation
Authors: Tilton Maryam , Armstrong April D. , Wee Hwabok , Hast Michael W. , Manogharan Guha , Lewis Gregory S. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Internal fixation with the use of locking plates is the standard surgical treatment for proximal humerus fractures, one of the most common fractures in the elderly. Screw cut-out through weak cancellous bone of the humeral head, which ultimately results in collapse of the fixed fracture, is the leading cause of failure and revision surgery. In an attempt to address this problem, surgeons often attach the plate with as many locking screws as possible into the proximal fragment. It is not thoroughly understood which screws and screw combinations play the most critical roles in fixation stability. This study conducted a detailed finite element analysis to evaluate critical parameters associated with screw cut-out failure. Several clinically relevant screw configurations and fracture gap sizes were modeled. Findings demonstrate that in perfectly reduced fracture cases, variation of the screw configurations had minor influence on mechanical stability of the fixation. The effects of screw configurations became substantial with the existence of a fracture gap. Interestingly, the use of a single anterior calcar screw was as effective as utilizing two screws to support the calcar. On the other hand, the variation in calcar screw configuration had minor influence on the fixation stability when all the proximal screws (A-D level) were filled. This study evaluates different screw configurations to further understand the influence of combined screw configurations and the individual screws on the fixation stability. Findings from this study may help decrease the risk for screw cut-out with proximal humerus varus collapse and the associated economic costs.
Research Opportunities and Challenges in Engineering System Evolution
Authors: Zhang Guanglu , Morris Elissa , Allaire Douglas , McAdams Daniel A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractResearch in engineering system evolution studies the technical performance (e.g., speed, capacity, and energy efficiency) and the functional and architectural changes of engineering systems (e.g., automobiles, aircrafts, laptops, and smartphones) over time. The research results of engineering system evolution help designers, R&D managers, investors, and policy makers to generate innovative design concepts, set reasonable R&D targets, invest in promising technologies, and develop effective incentive policies. In this paper, we introduce engineering system evolution as an emerging research area. We develop a cyclic model to understand the general structure of engineering system evolution and summarize seven basic research questions accordingly. A review and analysis of prior research related to engineering system evolution is provided to identify the pioneering works in this promising research area. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities in the quantitative and qualitative study of engineering system evolution for future research.
Label-Free cDNA Detection Based on Radiofrequency Scattering Parameters: A New Approach for an Inexpensive Gene Sensor
Authors: Gnaim Rima , Sheviryov Julia , Golberg Alexander , Ames Gerardo , Oziel Moshe , González César A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A new gene detection technique that is fast, inexpensive, and easy-to-use is urgently needed in hospitals, clinics, and laboratories without access to expensive equipments. The lack of a practical, minimally invasive, and economical method constitutes the main impediment to the promotion of genetic medicine in developing countries. Radiofrequency scattering parameters are an inexpensive gene sensor potentially capable of noninvasively identifying biological materials. They represent a quantitative value for the electromagnetic reflection/transmission characteristics of certain molecular markers in a given frequency domain. The S21 parameter is the difference between the signal received and that transmitted. The aim of this study is to evaluate the S21 transmittance parameters (magnitude and phase) as an indirect impedance measurement for detecting the label-free complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) amplification of the 16S ribosomal subunit gene. S21 values showed differences associated with distinct cDNA concentrations. Hence, this technique could possibly facilitate the design of an inexpensive, label-free, and easy-to-use gene sensor.
Strain-Based Failure Assessment Based on a Reference Strain Method for Welded Pipelines
Authors: Lee Jae-Sung , Kim Myung-Hyun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Engineering critical assessment (ECA) is an evaluation procedure for structures with flaws and has been widely applied for assessing pipeline integrity. The standards for structural integrity assessment, including BS 7910, involve stress-based ECA, and they are known to produce overly conservative results. Therefore, strain-based ECA has been recently developed as an alternative approach. One of the effective methods for improving the accuracy of strain-based ECA is the reference strain method. However, only a limited number of studies have applied this method to welded pipelines. Therefore, a numerical analysis based on strain-based ECA was performed for girth-welded joints with a circumferentially oriented internal surface crack. Particular attention was given to the strength mismatch effects. The equivalent stress–strain curve in BS7910 was used to reflect the strength mismatch effects in the reference strain. The results of the proposed method were validated with the results of a finite element analysis (FEA) in terms of the J-integral. Previous methods and the proposed method exhibit a reasonable correlation of the J-integral in the case of over-matching (OM). In the under-matching (UM) cases, while the previous procedures tended to underestimate or excessively overestimate the elastic-plastic energy release rate in comparison with the FEA, the proposed method evaluated the J-integral of pipelines with sufficient accuracy.