bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transformative Lehre für eine kritisch-geographische (Berufs‑)Praxis
Authors: Thiele Katja , Becker Sören 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag entwickelt die Perspektive einer kritischen Lehre zum Thema Nachhaltigkeit und zeigt deren Relevanz für die spätere Berufspraxis von Geograph*innen auf. Es wird diskutiert, inwiefern ein komplexes und kritisches Verständnis von Nachhaltigkeit zielführend zu einer transformativen Lehrpraxis weiterentwickelt werden kann. Kritische Lehre entsteht aus unserer Sicht aus der Verbindung von drei zentralen Merkmalen: Seminarinhalte, die gesellschaftliche Machtverhältnisse hinterfragen; Lernformen, die eine Selbstreflexion der Studierenden ermöglichen; und die Zusammenarbeit mit transformativen Initiativen aus der Praxis. Der Beitrag beleuchtet auf der Grundlage der Erfahrungen eines Projektseminars sowohl die Potenziale als auch die Spannungsfelder und Widersprüche dieses Ansatzes.
Economic evaluation of culprit lesion only PCI vs. immediate multivessel PCI in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock: the CULPRIT-SHOCK trial
Authors: Robles-Zurita Jose Antonio , Briggs Andrew , Rana Dikshyanta , Quayyum Zahidul , Oldroyd Keith G. , Zeymer Uwe , Desch Steffen , de Waha-Thiele Suzanne , Thiele Holger 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe CULPRIT-SHOCK trial compared two treatment strategies for patients with acute myocardial infarction and multivessel coronary artery disease complicated by cardiogenic shock: (a) culprit vessel only percutaneous coronary intervention (CO-PCI), with additional staged revascularisation if indicated, and (b) immediate multivessel PCI (MV-PCI).MethodsA German societal and national health service perspective was considered for three different analyses. The cost utility analysis (CUA) estimated costs and quality adjusted life years (QALYs) based on a pre-trial decision analytic model taking a lifelong time horizon. In addition, a within trial CUA estimated QALYs and costs for 1 year. Finally, the cost effectiveness analysis (CEA) used the composite primary outcome, mortality and renal failure at 30-day follow-up, and the within trial costs. Econometric and survival analysis on the trial data was used for the estimation of the model parameters. Subgroup analysis was performed following an economic protocol.ResultsThe lifelong CUA showed an incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER), CO-PCI vs. MV-PCI, of €7010 per QALY and a probability of CO-PCI being the most cost-effective strategy > 64% at a €30,000 threshold. The ICER for the within trial CUA was €14,600 and the incremental cost per case of death/renal failure avoided at 30-day follow-up was €9010. Cost-effectiveness improved with patient age and for those without diabetes.ConclusionsThe estimates of cost-effectiveness for CO-PCI vs. MV-PCI have been shown to change depending on the time horizon and type of economic evaluation performed. The results favoured a long-term horizon analysis for avoiding underestimation of QALY gains from the CO-PCI arm.
Risk assessment of cyber-attacks on telemetry-enabled cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED)
Authors: Ngamboé Mikaëla , Berthier Paul , Ammari Nader , Dyrda Katia , Fernandez José M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) are vulnerable to radio frequency (RF) cyber-attacks. Besides, CIED communicate with medical equipment whose telemetry capabilities and IP connectivity are creating new entry points that may be used by attackers. Therefore, it remains crucial to perform a cybersecurity risk assessment of CIED and the systems they rely on to determine the gravity of threats, address the riskiest ones on a priority basis, and develop effective risk management plans. In this study, we carry out such risk assessment according to the ISO/IEC 27005 standard and the NIST SP 800-30 guide. We employed a threat-oriented analytical approach and divided the analysis into three parts, an actor-based analysis to determine the impact of the attacks, a scenario-based analysis to measure the probability of occurrence of threats, and a combined analysis to identify the riskiest attack outcomes. The results show that vulnerabilities on the RF interface of CIED represent an acceptable risk, whereas the network and Internet connectivity of the systems they rely on represent an important potential risk. Further analysis reveals that the damages of these cyber-attacks could spread further to affect manufacturers through intellectual property theft or physicians by affecting their reputation.
Enhancing xylose and glucose utilization as well as solvent production using a simplified three-electrode potentiostat system during Clostridium fermentation
Authors: Popovic Jovan , Finneran Kevin T 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A simple potentiostat was constructed as a strategy to enhance solvent production in a mediatorless and oxygen-exposed fermentation inoculated with the aerotolerant strain Clostridium sp. C10. Elevated n-butanol and acetone titers were recorded in all fermentations with either glucose or xylose in the presence of electrodes poised at + 500 mV (+ 814 mV vs SHE) relative to cells plus substrate only controls. Respective butanol titers and volumetric butanol productivities in studies performed with 30 g/L glucose or 30 g/L xylose were 1.67 and 2.27 times and 1.90 and 6.13 times greater in the presence of electrodes compared to controls. Glucose and xylose utilization in the presence of electrodes was 61 and 125% greater than no-electrode controls, respectively. Increasing substrate concentrations to 60 g/L decreased the butanol yields relative to the studies performed at 30 g/L. These data suggest that it may be more efficient to alter reactor reduction potential than increase substrate concentration for solvent output during industrial fermentations, which favors higher yield with few additional inputs.
The symmetry and loading-independency of multiple inclusions enclosing uniform stresses in an infinite elastic plane
Authors: Dai Ming , Schiavone P. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The identification of multiple interacting inclusions with uniform internal stresses in an infinite elastic matrix subjected to a uniform remote loading is of fundamental importance in the mechanics and design of particulate composite materials. In anti-plane shear and plane deformations, certain sufficient conditions have been established in the literature which guarantee uniform internal stresses inside multiple interacting inclusions displaying various symmetries when the matrix is subjected to specific uniform remote loading. Correspondingly, sufficient conditions which allow for the design of multiple interacting inclusions independent of any specific form of (uniform) remote loading have also been established. In this paper, we demonstrate rigorously that, in all cases, these sufficient conditions are also necessary conditions and indeed allow for the identification of all possible collections of such inclusions.
Pushed out of the education system: using a natural experiment to evaluate consequences for boys
Authors: Larsen Kira Solveig , Andersen Lars Højsgaard , Larsen Britt Østergaard 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To examine the short-term effects of admission requirements for upper secondary vocational education and training (VET) on enrollment and criminal offending among academically low-achieving boys.

Methods
We apply multi-group difference-in-differences models to full population data and analyze an educational policy reform in Denmark (N = 60,759).

Results
The reform caused a 16 percentage points lower enrollment in VET among academically low-achieving boys, and their risk of being charged with a crime increased by up to two percentage points 9 months after the end of compulsory school. However, after 12 months, the effect on criminal charges disappeared.

Conclusion
In the education-crime nexus, educational enrollment in upper secondary education is an understudied margin, which has important implications for both scholars and policy-makers. Limitations include the short follow-up period and that the analyses examine effects for boys only.
Enhanced registration of ultrasound volumes by segmentation of resection cavity in neurosurgical procedures
Authors: Canalini Luca , Klein Jan , Miller Dorothea , Kikinis Ron 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeNeurosurgeons can have a better understanding of surgical procedures by comparing ultrasound images obtained at different phases of the tumor resection. However, establishing a direct mapping between subsequent acquisitions is challenging due to the anatomical changes happening during surgery. We propose here a method to improve the registration of ultrasound volumes, by excluding the resection cavity from the registration process.MethodsThe first step of our approach includes the automatic segmentation of the resection cavities in ultrasound volumes, acquired during and after resection. We used a convolution neural network inspired by the 3D U-Net. Then, subsequent ultrasound volumes are registered by excluding the contribution of resection cavity.ResultsRegarding the segmentation of the resection cavity, the proposed method achieved a mean DICE index of 0.84 on 27 volumes. Concerning the registration of the subsequent ultrasound acquisitions, we reduced the mTRE of the volumes acquired before and during resection from 3.49 to 1.22 mm. For the set of volumes acquired before and after removal, the mTRE improved from 3.55 to 1.21 mm.ConclusionsWe proposed an innovative registration algorithm to compensate the brain shift affecting ultrasound volumes obtained at subsequent phases of neurosurgical procedures. To the best of our knowledge, our method is the first to exclude automatically segmented resection cavities in the registration of ultrasound volumes in neurosurgery.
Clinical characteristics and risk factors of liver injury in COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study from Wuhan, China
Authors: Wang Ming , Yan Weiming , Qi Weipeng , Wu Di , Zhu Lin , Li Weina , Wang Xiaojing , Ma Ke , Ni Ming , Xu Dong , Wang Hongwu , Chen Guang , Yu Haijing , Ding Hongfang , Xing Mingyou , Han Meifang , Luo Xiaoping , Chen Tao , Guo Wei , Xi Dong , Ning Qin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly become a major international public health concern. This study was designed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of COVID-19-associated liver injury.

Methods
A fraction of 657 COVID-19 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical and laboratory data were derived from electronic medical records and compared between patients with or without liver injury. Multivariate logistic regression method was used to analyze the risk factors for liver injury.

Results
Among 657 patients, 303 (46.1%) patients had liver injury with higher rate in severe/critically ill patients [148/257 (57.6%)] than those in moderate cases [155/400 (38.8%)]. The incidence of liver injury was much higher in male [192/303 (63.4%)] than female [111/303 (36.6%)], and in severe/critical patients [148/303 (48.8%)] with percutaneous oxygen saturation ≤ 93% [89/279 (31.9%)] or peak body temperature ≥ 38.5 °C [185/301 (61.5%)] on admission. Liver injury-related inflammations included increased white blood cells, neutrophils and decreased lymphocytes. More patients with liver injury than without had increased serum IL-2R, TNFα, ferritin, hsCRP, PCT, ESR, γ-GT, and LDH. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that increasing odds of liver injury were related to male, higher serum hsCRP (≥ 10 mg/L), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (≥ 5). Moreover, more deceased patients (14/82 (17%)) had significantly elevated serum TBIL than discharged patients [25/532 (4.7%)].

Conclusion
Liver injury is a common complication in COVID-19 patients. The potential risk factors of liver injury include male, hsCRP and NLR score. A close monitor of liver function should be warned in COVID-19 patients, especially in severe/critical individuals.
Getting a foot in the door. Spaces of cocaine trafficking in the Port of Rotterdam.
Authors: Roks Robby , Bisschop Lieselot , Staring Richard 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAs an important gateway to Europe, the Port of Rotterdam is known for its high-quality facilities and efficiency, but also attracts organised crime groups who use the transatlantic legal trade flows to traffic cocaine. Based on a qualitative study, consisting of 73 interviews with public and private actors, an analysis of 10 criminal investigations and field visits to public and private organisations in the port, this article examines how organised crime groups involved in cocaine trafficking take advantage of or adapt to the socio-spatial relations in the Port of Rotterdam. First, we pay attention to which physical spaces in the port of Rotterdam provide opportunities for cocaine trafficking. Second, we examine how the occupational and legal environment in which people, private companies and law enforcement agencies in the port work and interact provide opportunities for cocaine trafficking. Our findings demonstrate that increased security measures by both public and private actors directed at physical spaces result in a displacement to new spaces in and around the port of Rotterdam. Furthermore, the current socio-spatial relations in the port of Rotterdam also make the role of people on the inside – referring to a whole range of public and private employees – increasingly indispensable.
Speaking Pictures, Silent Voices: Female Athletes and the Negotiation of Selfhood
Authors: Intezar Hannah 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCombining Mikhail Bakhtin’s (1990) theoretical position on Architectonics and Erving Goffman’s (1979) writings on visual content analysis, the aim of this paper is to explore how female athletes are caught in a complex matrix of power, post – feminist neoliberalism, and self – presentation. The visual images they choose to portray are, therefore, perfect for determining how this cohort of women negotiates social discourses around identity and femininity. Appropriating the Bakhtinian notion of architectonic unity, not only provides an alternative theoretical lens for enquiries concerning the body, identity, and selfhood, but also initiates some thought provoking questions around neoliberal feminism and ‘new femininity.’ This paper advances on previous research by exemplifying how Serena Williams (considered the greatest female tennis player of all time) combines both her femininity and strong physicality to self – shape a myth – like persona, setting her apart from traditional stereotypes of femininity and ‘femaleness.’
If school walls could talk: A mixed-method study of physical space marking in promoting multiculturalism
Authors: Jelić Margareta , Čorkalo Biruški Dinka , Rebernjak Blaž 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCombining two qualitative and a quantitative method, we explored whether school’s physical environment promotes multicultural values or reflects intergroup climate in two multiethnic communities in Croatia. Croatia offers unique context for this study because minority youth from two ethnic groups use their right on minority language education and hence attend separate minority schools. Results show that the representation of ethnic symbols in schools is a reflection of inter-ethnic relations in the specific intergroup context. Specifically, ethnic symbols are overrepresented in the post-conflict context compared to the more harmonious multi-ethnic community. In harmonious intergroup context, multiculturality is promoted by emphasizing common identity, and by giving space to symbols of both minority and majority group. However, in the conflicted intergroup setting we found overrepresentation of symbols emphasizing intergroup differences. Results of focus groups as well as of the quantitative survey confirm that schools physical environment reflects intergroup relations in each community.
Echo State Networks and Long Short-Term Memory for Continuous Gesture Recognition: a Comparative Study
Authors: Jirak Doreen , Tietz Stephan , Ali Hassan , Wermter Stefan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecent developments of sensors that allow tracking of human movements and gestures enable rapid progress of applications in domains like medical rehabilitation or robotic control. Especially the inertial measurement unit (IMU) is an excellent device for real-time scenarios as it rapidly delivers data input. Therefore, a computational model must be able to learn gesture sequences in a fast yet robust way. We recently introduced an echo state network (ESN) framework for continuous gesture recognition (Tietz et al., 2019) including novel approaches for gesture spotting, i.e., the automatic detection of the start and end phase of a gesture. Although our results showed good classification performance, we identified significant factors which also negatively impact the performance like subgestures and gesture variability. To address these issues, we include experiments with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, which is a state-of-the-art model for sequence processing, to compare the obtained results with our framework and to evaluate their robustness regarding pitfalls in the recognition process. In this study, we analyze the two conceptually different approaches processing continuous, variable-length gesture sequences, which shows interesting results comparing the distinct gesture accomplishments. In addition, our results demonstrate that our ESN framework achieves comparably good performance as the LSTM network but has significantly lower training times. We conclude from the present work that ESNs are viable models for continuous gesture recognition delivering reasonable performance for applications requiring real-time performance as in robotic or rehabilitation tasks. From our discussion of this comparative study, we suggest prospective improvements on both the experimental and network architecture level.
Characteristics of micro- and nano-pores in shale oil reservoirs
Authors: Xia Debin , Yang Zhengming , Gao Tiening , Li Haibo , Lin Wei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPorosity is the most common form of reservoirs, and its size, shape, and connectivity directly affect the capacity of oil and gas storage and production. To study the micro–nano-pore structure characteristics of shale oil reservoirs and quantitatively characterize its heterogeneity, this work uses high-precision high-pressure mercury intrusion (HPMI) experimental techniques to study the micro–nano-pore structure characteristics of shale oil, and based on the experimental data, fractal theory is used to quantitatively characterize its heterogeneity. The results of the study show that the micro–nano-pores in the shale oil reservoir are concentrated and continuous, and the pore radius is mainly distributed among the range of 30–500 nm, nanoscale pores are an important part of the pores of the shale oil reservoir. The fractal dimension of the shale oil reservoir is larger than the fractal dimension of typical tight oil reservoirs, indicating that the heterogeneity of shale oil reservoir is stronger. The research results have some theoretical and practical significance for the production of inter-salt shale oil reservoirs.
Avoiding negativity bias: Towards a positive psychology of human–wildlife relationships
Authors: Buijs Arjen , Jacobs Maarten 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecently, new approaches to wildlife management are being developed, such as coexistence management and convivial conservation. These approaches aim to shift management practices from mitigating human–wildlife conflicts towards cohabitation and explore mutual benefits. To align empirical research to these new approaches, we argue for the relevance of positive psychology theory to inspire and structure research into the benefits of human–wildlife interactions. Positive psychology suggests three pathways through which human–wildlife interactions may lead to happiness and well-being: pleasure, engagement, and meaning. Applying these pathways to human–wildlife research may (i) structure existing research into the benefits of human–wildlife interactions, (ii) disclose unidentified benefits of human–wildlife interactions, and (iii) unravel mechanisms which make experiencing and protecting wildlife worthwhile and rewarding. Also, we suggest a potential feedback loop between wildlife experiences, happiness and well-being, and pro-environmental behaviours. More in-depth research into these mechanisms may improve our understanding of attitudes towards conservation of wildlife and its habitat and may suggest strategies to strengthen stewardship actions and public support for conservation strategies. Together, these strands of research could initiate research into what could be called a “Positive Ecology”.
Compliance and application tests of usability guidelines about giving information quickly and comprehensibly
Authors: Alonso-Virgós Lucía , Espada Jordán Pascual , Martínez Oscar Sanjuán , Crespo Rubén González 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe objective of this publication is to analyze compliance with the web usability guidelines onGiving information quickly and comprehensibly. The behavior of 20 IT engineers without experience in web usability is analyzed to collect data on the application and compliance of each of the studied guidelines. The objectives are: (1) make a list of recommendations on the presentation of information and possible actions in a quickly understandable way. And highlight the most forgotten guidelines or the worst followed by web developers to think about the importance of offering specific training in this field. (2) Know the most important guidelines according to the participants themselves. To obtain the results, user tests are performed that evaluate the most ignored and applied guidelines. And its correct compliance is studied, since the participants do not have experience in web usability. Besides, interviews are conducted to find out which are the guidelines that they consider most important. It is expected to know if there are guidelines that apply intuitively and why. It is also intended to know if this innate application is helpful or compliance is wrong and needs specific training.