bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of SSUT of HSC Beams with WASPAS Method
Authors: Charan Behera Gopal , Panda Subhasri 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDistressed beams should be retrofitted rather than demolishing. Now a days there are so many retrofitting materials available. Retrofitting is to be done with materials those are easy to apply, economic and less time consuming. Engineers are more interested in ultimate strength of a structure. Strength is related to stiffness. Finding secant stiffness at ultimate torque of a suitable wrapping material for distressed concrete beams that is economic, long lasting, sustainable and appropriate to the common people is the main focus of this investigation. The paper progresses with search of different wrapping strategies and different materials available. Then the paper aims exploring sustainability options for torsional retrofitting with ferrocement. Aim of the paper is to evaluate SSUT of “U” wrapped beam with different methods. This study shows there is reduction of stiffness at ultimate stage of wrapped beams. Experimental, analytical and Soft computing method MARS and WASPAS were discussed here to predict the value of SSUT. Torsionally over reinforced sections are found with more stiffness at ultimate than all other types of beams. The predicted values are well within the acceptable limits.
Effect of Stone dust and Lime in the Geotechnical Properties of Clayey Soil
Authors: Samal Rasmiranjan , Mishra Ayan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Clayey soils are commonly stiff in dry state but lose their stiffness when saturated with water. Soft clays are characterized by low bearing capacity and high compressibility. In this research, stone dust obtained from stone processing area used for Stabilization of clayey soil with lime. Thus, the effectiveness of using stone powder and lime in stabilizing fine-grained clayey soil (CL) was investigated in the laboratory. The soil samples in natural state and when mixed with varying percentages of lime and waste stone powder were used for the laboratory tests that included Atterberg limits tests, standard Proctor compaction tests, unconfined compression tests and California bearing ratio tests. The value of maximum dry density, Unconfined Compressive Strength and California Bearing Ratio decreased with increase in % of stone dust and lime. The Optimum Moisture Content value remain same with increasing stone dust content and lime.
Venous thromboembolic events in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Ting , Zuo Zhihong , Yang Deyi , Luo Xuan , Jiang Liping , Xia Zanxian , Xiao Xiaojuan , Liu Jing , Ye Mao , Deng Meichun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
High incidence of venous thromboembolic complications in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients was noted recently.

Objective
This study aimed to explore the factors associated with prevalence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in COVID-19 patients.

Methods
A literature search was conducted in several online databases. Fixed effects meta-analysis was performed for the factors associated with prevalence of VTE in COVID-19 patients.

Results
A total of 39 studies were analysed in this analysis. The incidence of pulmonary embolism and VTE in severe COVID-19 patients were 17% (95% CI, 13–21%) and 42% (95% CI, 25–60%), respectively. VTE were more common among individuals with COVID-19 of advance age. Male COVID-19 patients are more likely to experience VTE. Higher levels of white blood cell (WBC; WMD = 1.34 × 109/L; 95% CI, 0.84–1.84 × 109/L), D-dimer (WMD = 4.21 μg/ml; 95% CI, 3.77–4.66 μg/ml), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT; WMD = 2.03 s; 95% CI, 0.83–3.24 s), fibrinogen (WMD = 0.49 μg/ml; 95% CI, 0.18–0.79 g/L) and C-reactive protein (CRP; WMD = 21.89 mg/L; 95% CI, 11.44–32.34 mg/L) were commonly noted in COVID-19 patients with VTE. Patients with lower level of lymphocyte (WMD = −0.15 × 109/L; 95% CI, −0.23-−0.07 × 109/L) was at high risk of developing VTE. The incidence of severe condition (OR = 2.66; 95% CI, 1.95–3.62) was more likely to occur among COVID-19 patients who developed VTE.

Conclusion
VTE is a common complication in severe COVID-19 patients and thromboembolic events are also associated with adverse outcomes.
Optimizing Aesthetic Outcomes in Breast Reconstruction After Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy
Authors: Choi Mihye , Frey Jordan D 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) has been associated with improved quality of life and patient satisfaction with similar oncologic outcomes compared with traditional mastectomy techniques. By conserving the nipple-areola complex and the majority of the breast skin envelope, NSM allows for improved aesthetic outcomes after breast reconstruction. However, the technique is also associated with a steep learning curve that must be considered to achieve optimal outcomes. It is important that the plastic surgeon functions in concert with the extirpative breast surgeon to optimize outcomes because the reconstruction is ultimately dependent on the quality of the overlying mastectomy flaps. Various other factors influence the complex interplay between aesthetic and reconstructive outcomes in NSM, including preoperative evaluation, specific implant- and autologous-based considerations, as well as techniques to optimize and correct nipple-areola complex position. Management strategies for complications necessary to salvage a successful reconstruction are also reviewed. Lastly, techniques to expand indications for NSM and maximize nipple viability as well as preshape the breast are discussed. Through thoughtful preoperative planning and intraoperative technique, ideal aesthetic results in NSM may be achieved.
Simulation of African and non-African low and high coverage whole genome sequence data to assess variant calling approaches
Authors: Alosaimi Shatha , van Biljon Noëlle , Awany Denis , Thami Prisca K , Defo Joel , Mugo Jacquiline W , Bope Christian D , Mazandu Gaston K , Mulder Nicola J , Chimusa Emile R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Current variant calling (VC) approaches have been designed to leverage populations of long-range haplotypes and were benchmarked using populations of European descent, whereas most genetic diversity is found in non-European such as Africa populations. Working with these genetically diverse populations, VC tools may produce false positive and false negative results, which may produce misleading conclusions in prioritization of mutations, clinical relevancy and actionability of genes. The most prominent question is which tool or pipeline has a high rate of sensitivity and precision when analysing African data with either low or high sequence coverage, given the high genetic diversity and heterogeneity of this data. Here, a total of 100 synthetic Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) samples, mimicking the genetics profile of African and European subjects for different specific coverage levels (high/low), have been generated to assess the performance of nine different VC tools on these contrasting datasets. The performances of these tools were assessed in false positive and false negative call rates by comparing the simulated golden variants to the variants identified by each VC tool. Combining our results on sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV), VarDict [PPV = 0.999 and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) = 0.832] and BCFtools (PPV = 0.999 and MCC = 0.813) perform best when using African population data on high and low coverage data. Overall, current VC tools produce high false positive and false negative rates when analysing African compared with European data. This highlights the need for development of VC approaches with high sensitivity and precision tailored for populations characterized by high genetic variations and low linkage disequilibrium.
GeneReg: a constraint-based approach for design of feasible metabolic engineering strategies at the gene level
Authors: Razaghi-Moghadam Zahra , Nikoloski Zoran 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Large-scale metabolic models are widely used to design metabolic engineering strategies for diverse biotechnological applications. However, the existing computational approaches focus on alteration of reaction fluxes and often neglect the manipulations of gene expression to implement these strategies.

Results
Here, we find that the association of genes with multiple reactions leads to infeasibility of engineering strategies at the flux level, since they require contradicting manipulations of gene expression. Moreover, we identify that all of the existing approaches to design gene knockout strategies do not ensure that the resulting design may also require other gene alterations, such as up- or downregulations, to match the desired flux distribution. To address these issues, we propose a constraint-based approach, termed GeneReg, that facilitates the design of feasible metabolic engineering strategies at the gene level and that is readily applicable to large-scale metabolic networks. We show that GeneReg can identify feasible strategies to overproduce ethanol in Escherichia coli and lactate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but overproduction of the TCA cycle intermediates is not feasible in five organisms used as cell factories under default growth conditions. Therefore, GeneReg points at the need to couple gene regulation and metabolism to design rational metabolic engineering strategies.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/MonaRazaghi/GeneReg

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Hypoxia in multiple sclerosis; is it the chicken or the egg?
Authors: Halder Sebok K , Milner Richard 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Over the past 50 years, intense research effort has taught us a great deal about multiple sclerosis. We know that it is the most common neurological disease affecting the young-middle aged, that it affects two to three times more females than males, and that it is characterized as an autoimmune disease, in which autoreactive T lymphocytes cross the blood–brain barrier, resulting in demyelinating lesions. But despite all the knowledge gained, a key question still remains; what is the initial event that triggers the inflammatory demyelinating process? While most research effort to date has focused on the immune system, more recently, another potential candidate has emerged: hypoxia. Specifically, a growing number of studies have described the presence of hypoxia (both ‘virtual’ and real) at an early stage of demyelinating lesions, and several groups, including our own, have begun to investigate how manipulation of inspired oxygen levels impacts disease progression. In this review we summarize the findings of these hypoxia studies, and in particular, address three main questions: (i) is the hypoxia found in demyelinating lesions ‘virtual’ or real; (ii) what causes this hypoxia; and (iii) how does manipulation of inspired oxygen impact disease progression?
Risk Factors and Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients With Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Secondary Bloodstream Infections: A Multicenter Case-Control Study
Authors: Bhatt Pinki J , Shiau Stephanie , Brunetti Luigi , Xie Yingda , Solanki Kinjal , Khalid Shaza , Mohayya Sana , Au Pak Ho , Pham Christopher , Uprety Priyanka , Nahass Ronald , Narayanan Navaneeth 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic. Clinical characteristics regarding secondary infections in patients with COVID-19 have been reported, but detailed microbiology, risk factors, and outcomes of secondary bloodstream infections (sBSIs) in patients with severe COVID-19 have not been well described.MethodsWe performed a multicenter case-control study including all hospitalized patients diagnosed with severe COVID-19 and blood cultures drawn from 1 March 2020 to 7 May 2020 at 3 academic medical centers in New Jersey. Data collection included demographics, clinical and microbiologic variables, and patient outcomes. Risk factors and outcomes were compared between cases (sBSI) and controls (no sBSI).ResultsA total of 375 hospitalized patients were included. There were 128 sBSIs during the hospitalization. For the first set of positive blood cultures, 117 (91.4%) were bacterial and 7 (5.5%) were fungal. Those with sBSI were more likely to have altered mental status, lower mean percentage oxygen saturation on room air, have septic shock, and be admitted to the intensive care unit compared with controls. In-hospital mortality was higher in those with an sBSI versus controls (53.1% vs 32.8%, P = .0001).ConclusionsWe observed that hospitalized adult patients with severe COVID-19 and sBSI had a more severe initial presentation, prolonged hospital course, and worse clinical outcomes. To maintain antimicrobial stewardship principles, further prospective studies are necessary to better characterize risk factors and prediction modeling to better understand when to suspect and empirically treat for sBSIs in severe COVID-19.
Text Summarization as a Multi-objective Optimization Task: Applying Harmony Search to Extractive Multi-Document Summarization
Authors: Bidoki M , Fakhrahmad M , Moosavi M R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Today, automated extractive text summarization is one of the most common techniques for organizing information. In extractive summarization, the most appropriate sentences are selected from the text and build a representative summary. Therefore, probing for the best sentences is a fundamental task.
This paper has coped with extractive summarization as a multi-objective optimization problem and proposed a language-independent, semantic-aware approach that applies the harmony search algorithm to generate appropriate multi-document summaries. It learns the objective function from an extra set of reference summaries and then generates the best summaries according to the trained function. The system also performs some supplementary activities for better achievements. It expands the sentences by using an inventive approach that aims at tuning conceptual densities in the sentences towards important topics. Furthermore, we introduced an innovative clustering method for identifying important topics and reducing redundancies. A sentence placement policy based on the Hamiltonian shortest path was introduced for producing readable summaries.
The experiments were conducted on DUC2002, DUC2006 and DUC2007 datasets. Experimental results showed that the proposed framework could assist the summarization process and yield better performance. Also, it was able to generally outperform other cited summarizer systems.
Effects of Larval Population Density and Food Type on the Life Cycle ofMusca domestica(Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: Kökdener Meltem , Kiper Filiz 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLarval density is an important factor modulating larval resource-acquisition, influencing development of insects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of larval density and substrate content on some life-history parameters of Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera: Muscidae). This research was carried out from March 2019 through September 2019 at Animal Physiology Laboratory of Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey. Groups of 25, 100, 200, and 400 newly hatched M. domestica larvae were transferred to a polyethylene cup filled with different substrates (i.e., wheat bran, poultry meal, soybean meal) and kept at 25°C, 62% RH with a photoperiod of 12:12 (L:D) h. A two-way analysis of variance (Two way ANOVA) was used to analyze the data on the percentage of pupal and larval survival development time, pupal, and adult weight to evaluate the effect of density and rearing substrate. In this study, increasing larval density and nutrient content of food led to changes in the larval and pupal development time of M. domestica. The results also indicated that the weight of pupae and adult survival was negatively affected by increasing larval density. The wheat bran diet was superior to the other diets for all parameters tested. Our study indicated that life history parameters of Musca domestica are affected by the rearing conditions.
A concealed carcinoid cardiac metastasis uncovered by comprehensive cardiovascular magnetic resonance-based tissue characterization: a case report
Authors: Georgiopoulos Georgios , Mitropoulou Panagiota , Masci Pier Giorgio , Schwitter Juerg 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Cardiac metastases of carcinoid tumours are extremely rare, and their diagnosis poses a significant challenge. A variety of techniques has been reported in the literature for this purpose, ranging from echocardiogram to the Indium-111 Octreotide, positron emission tomography using specific tracers, and biopsy. Occasionally, the diagnosis is only made post-mortem. Recently, CMR (cardiovascular magnetic resonance) has been added to the diagnostic toolkit. This case report describes the CMR sequences that can be used to characterize cardiac metastases of carcinoid tumours.

Case summary
A 55-year-old woman with an antecedent history of resected carcinoid tumour of the ileocecal junction underwent whole-body In-111 Octreoscan single-photon emission computed tomography in the context of her follow-up. This raised the suspicion of pericardial involvement, which prompted a CMR study. Comprehensive CMR findings were consistent with isolated carcinoid tumour metastasis embedded within the anterior papillary muscle. We describe the CMR sequences that were used to characterize the metastasis.

Discussion
The rarity of cardiac metastasis of carcinoid tumour makes its diagnosis challenging and warrants a high level of clinical suspicion. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging proves to be an indispensable tool in the tissue characterization of such tumours.
Delayed occurrence of an accelerated idioventricular rhythm with alternating bundle branch block after myocardial infarction as predictor of sudden cardiac arrest: a case report
Authors: Bettin Markus , Koopmann Matthias , Mönnig Gerold , Pott Christian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Accelerated idioventricular rhythm (AIVR) is known as reperfusion arrhythmia in the setting of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In healthy individuals, it is usually considered to be benign. Alternating bundle branch block (ABBB) often progresses to complete atrioventricular block requiring permanent pacemaker implantation. We report a case of delayed appearance of AIVR following myocardial infarction (MI) in combination with ABBB as precursor of sudden cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation (VF).

Case summary
A 62-year-old male with pre-existing left bundle branch block (LBBB) was admitted with an acute non-ST segment elevation MI. He underwent successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of a subtotal proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD) stenosis. Before and after PCI the electrocardiogram (ECG) demonstrated sinus rhythm with LBBB. The patient was discharged 5 days after PCI, left ventricular function at this time was moderately reduced (ejection fraction of 40%). After another 5 days, the patient was admitted for elective cardiac rehabilitation. At this time, the ECG demonstrated an AIVR with right bundle branch block morphology. Due to ABBB, the patient was scheduled for permanent pacemaker implantation. Before pacemaker implantation could take place, the patient developed a sudden cardiac arrest due to VF and was successfully resuscitated. A follow-up coronary angiography revealed no novel lesions. A cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator was implanted for secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death.

Discussion
Delayed occurrence of AIVR in combination with ABBB following AMI could be a predictor of sudden cardiac death. These patients are probably at high risk for malignant ventricular arrhythmias.
Antithrombotic therapy according to baseline bleeding risk in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: applying the PRECISE-DAPT score in RE-DUAL PCI
Authors: Costa Francesco , Valgimigli Marco , Steg Philippe Gabriel , Bhatt Deepak L , Hohnloser Stefan H , Ten Berg Jurrien M , Miede Corinna , Nordaby Matias , Lip Gregory Y H , Oldgren Jonas , Cannon Christopher P 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsPatients with atrial fibrillation undergoing coronary intervention are at higher bleeding risk due to the concomitant need for oral anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy. The RE-DUAL PCI trial demonstrated better safety with dual antithrombotic therapy (DAT: dabigatran 110 or 150 mg b.i.d., clopidogrel or ticagrelor) compared to triple antithrombotic therapy (TAT: warfarin, clopidogrel or ticagrelor, and aspirin). We explored the impact of baseline bleeding risk based on the PRECISE-DAPT score for decision-making regarding DAT vs. TAT.Methods and resultsA score ≥25 points qualified high bleeding risk (HBR). Comparisons were made for the primary safety endpoint International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis major or clinically relevant non-major bleeding, and the composite efficacy endpoint of death, thrombo-embolic events, or unplanned revascularization, analysed by time-to-event analysis. PRECISE-DAPT was available in 2336/2725 patients, and 37.9% were HBR. Compared to TAT, DAT with dabigatran 110 mg reduced bleeding risk both in non-HBR [hazard ratio (HR) 0.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.31–0.57] and HBR (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.52–0.94), with a greater magnitude of benefit among non-HBR (Pint = 0.02). Dual antithrombotic therapy with dabigatran 150 mg vs. TAT reduced bleeding in non-HBR (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.45–0.80), with a trend toward less benefit in HBR patients (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.63–1.34; Pint = 0.08). The risk of ischaemic events was similar on DAT with dabigatran (both 110 and 150 mg) vs. TAT in non-HBR and HBR patients (Pint = 0.45 and Pint = 0.56, respectively).ConclusionsPRECISE-DAPT score appeared useful to identify AF patients undergoing PCI at further increased risk of bleeding complications and may help clinicians identifying the antithrombotic regimen intensity with the best benefit–risk ratio in an individual patient.