bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Hospital Workers: Results From a Screening Study in New Jersey, United States in Spring 2020
Authors: Barrett Emily S , Horton Daniel B , Roy Jason , Xia Weiyi , Greenberg Patricia , Andrews Tracy , Gennaro Maria Laura , Parmar Veenat , Russell William D , Reilly Nancy , Uprety Priyanka , Gantner John J , Stockman Lydia , Trooskin Stanley Z , Blaser Martin J , Carson Jeffrey L , Panettieri Reynold A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is a critical concern among healthcare workers (HCWs). Other studies have assessed SARS-CoV-2 virus and antibodies in HCWs, with disparate findings regarding risk based on role and demographics.

Methods
We screened 3904 employees and clinicians for SARS-CoV-2 virus positivity and serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G at a major New Jersey hospital from April 28 to June 30, 2020. We assessed positive tests in relation to demographic and occupational characteristics and prior coronavirus disease 2019 symptoms using multivariable logistic regression models.

Results
Thirteen participants (0.3%) tested positive for virus and 374 (9.6%) tested positive for IgG (total positive: 381 [9.8%]). Compared with participants with no patient care duties, the odds of positive testing (virus or antibodies) were higher for those with direct patient contact: below-median patient contact, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.71 and 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.18–2.48; above-median patient contact, aOR = 1.98 and 95% CI = 1.35–2.91. The proportion of participants testing positive was highest for phlebotomists (23.9%), maintenance/housekeeping (17.3%), dining/food services (16.9%), and interpersonal/support roles (13.7%) despite lower levels of direct patient care duties. Positivity rates were lower among doctors (7.2%) and nurses (9.1%), roles with fewer underrepresented minorities. After adjusting for job role and patient care responsibilities and other factors, Black and Latinx workers had 2-fold increased odds of a positive test compared with white workers. Loss of smell, taste, and fever were associated with positive testing.

Conclusions
The HCW categories at highest risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection include support staff and underrepresented minorities with and without patient care responsibilities. Future work is needed to examine potential sources of community and nosocomial exposure among these understudied HCWs.
Evaluation of a Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Intervention in Individuals with Fibromyalgia
Authors: Curtis K , Katz J , Djaiani C , O’Leary G , Uehling J , Carroll J , Santa Mina D , Clarke H , Gofeld M , Katznelson R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the feasibility and safety of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in patients with fibromyalgia (FM).

Design
A cohort study with a delayed treatment arm used as a comparator.

Setting
Hyperbaric Medicine Unit, Toronto General Hospital, Ontario, Canada.

Subjects
Eighteen patients diagnosed with FM according to the American College of Rheumatology and a score ≥60 on the Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire.

Methods
Participants were randomized to receive immediate HBOT intervention (n = 9) or HBOT after a 12-week waiting period (n = 9). HBOT was delivered at 100% oxygen at 2.0 atmospheres per session, 5 days per week, for 8 weeks. Safety was evaluated by the frequency and severity of adverse effects reported by patients. Feasibility was assessed by recruitment, retention, and HBOT compliance rates. Both groups were assessed at baseline, after HBOT intervention, and at 3 months’ follow-up. Validated assessment tools were used to evaluate pain, psychological variables, fatigue, and sleep quality.

Results
A total of 17 patients completed the study. One patient withdrew after randomization. HBOT-related adverse events included mild middle-ear barotrauma in three patients and new-onset myopia in four patients. The efficacy of HBOT was evident in most of the outcomes in both groups. This improvement was sustained at 3-month follow-up assessment.

Conclusion
HBOT appears to be feasible and safe for individuals with FM. It is also associated with improved global functioning, reduced symptoms of anxiety and depression, and improved quality of sleep that was sustained at 3-month follow-up assessment.
Reactive arthritis and undifferentiated peripheral spondyloarthritis share human leucocyte antigen B27 subtypes and serum and synovial fluid cytokine profiles
Authors: Parida Jyoti Ranjan , Kumar Sandeep , Ahmed Sakir , Chaurasia Smriti , Mukherjee Ratnadeep , Singh Rajeev , Ravindran Balachandran , Aggarwal Amita , Misra Ramnath 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Peripheral SpA (pSpA) is comprised of ReA, PsA, enteritis-associated arthritis and undifferentiated pSpA (upSpA). ReA and upSpA share T cell oligotypes and metabolomics in serum and SF. We investigated HLA-B27 subtypes and cytokines in serum and SF that were compared between ReA and upSpA.

Methods
ReA and upSpA were compared in two cohorts. In cohort I (44 ReA and 56 upSpA), HLA-B27 subtyping was carried out. In cohort II (17 ReA and 21 upSpA), serum and SF cytokines were compared using a multiplex cytokine bead assay (27 cytokines). A total of 28 healthy controls with similar age and sex to cohort II were included for comparison of serum cytokine levels.

Results
In cohort I, HLA-B27 was positive in 81.8% (36/44) of ReA and 85.71% (48/56) of upSpA patients. HLA-B27 typing was successful in 70 patients (30 ReA and 40 uSpA). HLA-B*2705 was the most common, followed by HLA-B*2704 and HLA-B*2707. Frequencies were the same between ReA and upSpA. In cohort II, 14 cytokines were detectable in the serum of patients. The levels of eight cytokines were higher than in the controls. The cytokine levels of ReA and upSpA were similar. Sixteen cytokines were detectable in the SF of patients. There was no statistical difference in the levels between ReA and upSpA. The cytokine profiles in sera and SF were also similar among HLA-B27-positive and negative patients.

Conclusion
ReA and upSpA have similar HLA-B27 subtype associations and similar cytokine profiles. They should be considered as a single entity during studies as well as clinical management.
In anti-CCP+ at-risk individuals, radiographic bone erosions are uncommon and are not associated with the development of clinical arthritis
Authors: Di Matteo Andrea , Mankia Kulveer , Nam Jacqueline L , Cipolletta Edoardo , Garcia-Montoya Leticia , Duquenne Laurence , Rowbotham Emma , Emery Paul 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the prevalence, distribution and predictive value for the development of inflammatory arthritis (IA) of conventional radiography (CR) bone erosions (BE) in anti-CCP positive (CCP+) at-risk individuals with musculoskeletal (MSK) symptoms but without clinical synovitis.

Methods
Baseline CR of the hands and feet of 418 CCP+ at-risk individuals were analysed. The presence of US-BE was explored in the anatomical areas in which CR-BE were reported. Hands and feet CR at the time of progression were analysed in a subset of individuals who developed IA (73/123, 59.3%). Logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate the predictive value of baseline CR-BE for the development of IA in 394 CCP+ individuals with ≥1 follow-up visit.

Results
BE were detected in 17/418 (4.1%) CCP+ at-risk individuals (median Simple Erosions Narrowing Score-BE = 2.0, IQR: 1.0–2.0; median Sharp van der Heijde score-BE = 4.0, IQR: 3.0–8.5), most frequently in the foot joints (11/17, 64.7% individuals). A total of 123/394 (31.2%) CCP+ at-risk individuals developed IA; 7/17 (41.2%) with, and 116/377 (30.8%) without BE on CR (P = 0.37). US-BE were found in 4/7 (57.1%) individuals with CR-BE who developed IA, but only in 1/10 (10.0%) who did not. At the time of progression, new BE were detected in 4/73 (5.5%) CCP+ individuals on repeated CR. In the regression analyses, baseline CR-BE were not predictive for the development of IA.

Conclusions
In CCP+ at-risk individuals with MSK symptoms, CR-detected BE are uncommon and do not predict the development of IA.
Refugee Participation Revisited: The Contributions of Refugees to Early International Refugee Law and Policy
Authors: Harley Tristan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article challenges the assumption that until relatively recently refugees or persons with lived refugee experience have not been involved in the development of international refugee law and policy. By drawing on primary source material – including the preparatory work for international legal instruments such as the 1933 Convention relating to the International Status of Refugees and the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, along with the operational work of the League of Nations, the International Refugee Organization and the early years of United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees – this article argues that refugees and persons with lived refugee experience exercised significant influence and thought-leadership in the development of international refugee law and policymaking during the foundational years between 1921 and 1955. These contributions to the development of international refugee law and policy are significant because they not only reorient our understanding of the ways in which international law and policy pertaining to refugees has been developed and negotiated to date, but also because they provide a practical example of how refugees can more meaningfully be included in the creation of laws and policies that affect them going forward.
Geochemistry drives the allometric growth of the hydrothermal vent tubewormRiftia pachyptila(Annelida: Siboglinidae)
Authors: Rimskaya-Korsakova Nadezhda , Fontaneto Diego , Galkin Sergey , Malakhov Vladimir , Martínez Alejandro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe tubeworm Riftia pachyptila is a key primarily producer in hydrothermal vent communities due to the symbiosis with sulphur-oxidizing bacteria, which provide nourishment to the worm from sulphides, oxygen and carbon dioxide. These substances diffuse from the vent water into the bloodstream of the worm through their tentacular crowns, and then to the bacteria, hosted in a specialized organ of the worm, called a trophosome. The uptake rates of these substances depend on the surface/volume relationship of the tentacles. We here describe two morphotypes, ‘fat’ and ‘slim’, respectively, from the basalt sulphide-rich vents at 9 °N and 21 °N at the East Pacific Rise, and the highly sedimented, sulphide-poor vents at 27 °N in the Guaymas Basin. The ‘fat’ morphotype has a thicker body and tube, longer trunk and smaller tentacular crowns, whereas the ‘slim’ morphotype has shorter trunk, thinner body and tube, and presents longer tentacular crowns and has a higher number of tentacular lamellae. Given the dependence on sulphides for the growth of R. pachyptila, as well as high genetic connectivity of the worm’s populations along the studied localities, we suggest that such morphological differences are adaptive and selected to keep the sulphide uptake near to the optimum values for the symbionts. ‘Fat’ and ‘slim’ morphotypes are also found in the vestimentiferan Ridgeia piscesae in similar sulphide-rich and poor environments in the northern Pacific.
Effect of Brexpiprazole on Prolactin and Sexual Functioning
Authors: Clayton Anita H. , Ivkovic Jelena , Chen Dalei , George Vinu , Hobart Mary 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Purpose/Background
Evidence supports use of adjunctive atypical antipsychotics in major depressive disorder (MDD). Impaired sexual functioning is common in MDD and may be worsened by antipsychotic adverse effects. We evaluated the effect of brexpiprazole on prolactin and sexual functioning in patients with MDD.

Methods/Procedures
In short-term studies, patients received adjunctive brexpiprazole 1, 2, or 3 mg or placebo. The long-term study was a flexible-dose (0.5–3 mg/d) open-label extension (OLE). Change from baseline and shifts in prolactin status and prolactin-related treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were assessed. Sexual functioning was assessed by the Massachusetts General Hospital Sexual Functioning Questionnaire.

Findings/Results
Median changes in prolactin levels from baseline to week 6 in short-term studies were as follows: brexpiprazole, 5.99 ng/mL (females) and 1.61 ng/mL (males); placebo, −0.15 ng/mL (females) and −0.08 ng/mL (males).
Median changes from baseline to week 52 in the OLE were as follows: 0.27 ng/mL (females) and 0.27 ng/mL (males). Prolactin levels in patients with baseline prolactin greater than 1× upper limit of normal values tended to decrease over time.
The proportion of brexpiprazole-treated patients with greater than 3× upper limit of normal postbaseline prolactin values in short-term studies for both sexes was low (0%–0.3%) and did not differ from placebo: OLE, 0.5% (females) and 0.8% (males).
In short-term studies, the incidence of prolactin-related TEAEs was 3.1% for brexpiprazole and 0.7% for placebo (OLE, 3.1%). There were overall numerical improvements from baseline in sexual functioning for females and males after short- and long-term brexpiprazole treatment, with statistically significant improvements for brexpiprazole versus placebo in females on the items ‘interest in sex’ (−0.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.33 to −0.05; P = 0.0074), ‘sexually aroused’ (−0.17; 95% CI, −0.30 to −0.03; P = 0.0154), and ‘overall sexual satisfaction’ (−0.16; 95% CI, −0.30 to −0.03; P = 0.0184).

Implications/Conclusions
There were small changes in prolactin levels, low proportions of patients with postbaseline elevated prolactin values, low incidences of prolactin-related TEAEs, and modest improvements in sexual functioning with adjunctive brexpiprazole in MDD.
One-Year Outcome and Adherence to Pharmacological Guidelines in First-Episode Schizophrenia
Authors: Drosos Petros , Brønnick Kolbjørn , Joa Inge , Johannessen Jan Olav , Johnsen Erik , Kroken Rune Andreas , Stain Helen Joy , Hegelstad Wenche Ten Velden , Larsen Tor Ketil 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Remission in schizophrenia is difficult to achieve. Antipsychotic drugs are critical in the treatment of schizophrenia. International guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia recommend a 3-step algorithm with clozapine being the third-line antipsychotic agent. This study investigated the 1-year outcome and the application of the guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of nonremitted first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients during the first year of follow-up.

Methods
A sample of 78 FES patients from the Norwegian TIPS (Early Treatment and Intervention in Psychosis) 2 study was assessed at the end of the first year of follow-up. The symptom remission criteria were those defined by the Remission in Schizophrenia Working Group. The adherence to the pharmacological guidelines was assessed by reading the medical files and by a digital search of the words “clozapine,” “klozapin,” and “Leponex” in the hospital electronic data system.

Results
The majority (n = 53, 67.9%) of the patients included were nonremitted at the 1-year follow-up. The majority of the nonremitted patients received either none (7.5%), one (56.6%), or 2 types (15.1%) of antipsychotic drugs during the first year of follow-up. Only 2 (3.8%) received treatment with clozapine, and 3 (5.7%) in total were offered it.

Conclusions
For our FES sample, there was a low 1-year remission rate and a poor adherence to the pharmacological guidelines. Higher adherence to treatment guidelines with a more intensified antipsychotic treatment, which in some cases will include clozapine, will enhance the quality of treatment and may enhance the rates of remission for schizophrenia.
Finger clubbing in inflammatory bowel disease: association with upper small bowel lesions and need of surgery in Crohn’s disease
Authors: Romeo Samanta , Neri Benedetto , Mossa Michelangela , Calabrese Emma , Lolli Elisabetta , Sena Giorgia , Gesuale Cristina , Chiaramonte Carlo , Biancone Livia 
Published: November 2020

Objective
Finger clubbing has been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Aims
In a prospective single-center study, we aimed to assess the frequency of finger clubbing in a cohort of IBD patients. Whether finger clubbing is associated with clinical characteristics of IBD was also investigated.

Methods
IBD patients with a detailed clinical history were enrolled. Finger clubbing was assessed by visual inspection. Data were expressed as median (range), chi-square, t-test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess risk factors for finger clubbing, when considering demographic and clinical characteristics, smoking habits and chronic pulmonary diseases (CPD).

Results
Finger clubbing was searched in 470 IBD patients: 267 Crohn’s disease and 203 ulcerative colitis. Finger clubbing was more frequent in Crohn’s disease than in ulcerative colitis: 45/267 (16.8%) vs. 15/203 (7.3%) [odds ratio (OR), 2.54 (1.37–4.70); P = 0.003]. Crohn’s disease involved the ileum (59.9%), colon (4.5%), ileum-colon (25.8%) and upper gastrointestinal (GI) (9.8%). Ulcerative colitis extent included proctitis (E1) (13.4%), left-sided (E2) (43.3%) and pancolitis (E3) (43.3%). Upper GI lesions, but not other Crohn’s disease localizations, were more frequent in patients with finger clubbing [9/45 (20%) vs. 17/222 (7.7%); P = 0.032]. Crohn’s disease-related surgery was more frequent in patients with finger clubbing [36/45 (80%) vs. 107/222 (48.1%); P < 0.001]. In Crohn’s disease, the only risk factors for finger clubbing were upper GI lesions and Crohn’s disease-related surgery [OR, 2.58 (1.03–6.46), P = 0.04; OR, 4.07 (1.86–8.91), P = 0.006]. Ulcerative colitis extent was not associated with finger clubbing [E1: OR, 0.27 (0.02–3.44), P = 0.33; E2: OR, 0.93 (0.24–3.60), P = 0.92; E3:OR, 0.64 (0.22–1.86), P = 0.59]. In ulcerative colitis, but not in Crohn’s disease, finger clubbing was more frequent in smokers [13/15 (86.6%) vs. 99/188 (52.6%); P = 0.01] and in patients with CPD [5/15 (33.3%) vs. 16/188 (8.5%); P = 0.002]. Smoking and CPD were the only risk factors for finger clubbing in ulcerative colitis [OR, 7.18 (1.44–35.78), P = 0.01; OR, 10.93 (2.51–47.45), P = 0.001].

Conclusion
In the tested IBD population, finger clubbing was more frequent in Crohn’s disease than in ulcerative colitis. In Crohn’s disease, upper GI lesions and history of Crohn’s disease-related surgery were risk factors for finger clubbing, suggesting the possible role of finger clubbing as a subclinical marker of Crohn’s disease severity.
JINLING (Judicious INdex of Luminal INflammation Grade) score, an effective indicator to assess inflammation severity in Crohn’s disease
Authors: Gong Wenbin , Guo Kun , Zheng Tao , Xie Haohao , Li Weijie , Li Mengxuan , Hong Zhiwu , Ren Huajian , Gu Guosheng , Wang Gefei , Wu Xiuwen , Ren Jianan 
Published: November 2020

Background
With the increasing demand for individualized treatment in Crohn’s disease, a score for accurate evaluation of inflammation grade will be of great significance. We have developed the JINLING score to assess inflammation severity for Crohn’s disease, which incorporates an endoscopic score (SES-CD) and a 2-item patient-reported outcome (PRO2). The aim of this study was to examine the performance of JINLING score in evaluating inflammation grade and the correlation with the clinical outcomes.

Methods
The correlation between JINLING score and Global Histologic Disease Activity Score (GHAS), fecal calprotectin (FCP), and C-reactive protein (CRP) level was performed in an exploration phase with a retrospective data set. The data on clinical outcomes including medication effects, Crohn’s disease-related surgery and biochemical results were collected from a single-center prospective validation cohort.

Results
JINLING score correlated significantly with FCP, CRP, and hemoglobin in the exploration cohort (all P < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves based on a threshold Crohn’s disease activity index value of 150, GHAS of 4, and FCP of 60 μg/g to identify disease activity, all showed a higher area under the curve with JINLING score than SES-CD or PRO2 alone. In the validation cohort, patients with high inflammation grade (JINLING ≥4) had higher GHAS, CRP, and FCP than low inflammation grade patients. High JINLING score was associated with an increased risk of treatment failure (hazard ratio 2.93; 95% confidence interval 1.13–7.61, P = 0.021).

Conclusion
This newly developed index served well for quantifying inflammation grade and predicting clinical outcomes. JINLING score has the potential to facilitate clinical decision-making and personalized therapy for Crohn’s disease patients.
Risk factors and characteristics associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with ischemic colitis
Authors: Zhao Xixian , Li Haiou , Zhou Yunjiao , Qiu Peishan , Zhang Mengna , Yang Zhenwei , Zhao Qiu , Liu Jing 
Published: November 2020

Background
Ischemic colitis (IC) was investigated to be associated with dyslipidemia and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with ischemic diseases such as coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke. But there is a paucity of data regarding the association between NAFLD and IC. NAFLD may be associated with the treatment and prognosis of IC. We investigated risk factors and characteristics associated with NAFLD in patients with IC.

Methods
Patients with IC (NAFLD: 34 and controls: 81) from Zhongnan Hospital were investigated retrospectively from January 2012 to December 2018. Clinical data were compared by chi-square tests or independent samples T-tests. Binary logistic regressions and Kaplan–Meier analysis were performed to evaluate risk factors and prognosis, respectively.

Results
NAFLD was diagnosed in 28.19% patients with IC. In the logistic regression analysis, hypertension [odds ratio (OR) 3.523; P = 0.019], elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (OR 6.278; P = 0.048), elevated triglyceride (OR 4.667; P = 0.003) and increased weight (OR 1.055; P = 0.039) were risk factors of NAFLD in patients with IC. Patients with NAFLD were more likely to require the vasodilators (P = 0.011) and get a relapse of IC (P = 0.011).

Conclusion
NAFLD was found in 28.19% of patients with IC. Hypertension, increased weight, elevated ALT and triglyceride are independent predictors of NAFLD in patients with IC. NAFLD in patients with IC is associated with a greater probability of requiring for the vasodilators. NAFLD in IC and period of bowel rest are risk factors for the recurrence of IC.
Optically Pumped Magnetoencephalography in Epilepsy
Authors: Vivekananda Umesh , Mellor Stephanie , Tierney Tim M , Holmes Niall , Boto Elena , Leggett James , Roberts Gillian , Hill Ryan , Litvak Vladimir , Brookes Matthew J. , Bowtell Richard , Barnes Gareth R , Walker Matthew C 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOur aim was to demonstrate the first use of Optically Pumped Magnetoencephalography (OP-MEG) in an epilepsy patient with unrestricted head movement. Current clinical MEG uses a traditional SQUID system for recording MEG signal, where sensors are cryogenically cooled and housed in a helmet in which the patient’s head is fixed. Here we use a different type of sensor (OPM), which operates at room temperature and can be placed directly on the patient’s scalp, permitting free head movement. We performed two 30 minute OP-MEG recording sessions in a patient with refractory focal epilepsy and compared these with clinical scalp EEG performed earlier. OP-MEG was able to identify analogous interictal activity to scalp EEG, and source localise this activity to an appropriate brain region. This is the first application of OP-MEG in human epilepsy. Future directions include simultaneous EEG/OP-MEG recording and prolonged OP-MEG telemetry.