bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Red Phosphorus/Onion‐like Mesoporous Carbon Composite as High‐Performance Anode for Sodium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Liang Xiaoqiang , Chang Caiyun , Guo Wenbin , Jiang Xingmao , Xiong Chunyan , Pu Xiong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRed phosphorus has been regarded as an attractive candidate for the anode of sodium‐ion batteries (NIBs) because it delivers a high theoretical capacity (2596 mAh g−1) at low potentials. However, the electrochemical performances of red P are still not satisfactory for viable applications mainly due to its intrinsic low conductivity and large volume swelling associated with sodiation reactions. Here, we develop onion‐like mesoporous carbon nanoparticles (OCNPs) to serve as conductive host for red P. The OCNPs can alleviate the large volume swelling of red P, and allow the fast electron and Na+ transport. The resulting P/OCNPs composite electrode achieves excellent rate performance of 1286.7 mAh g−1 at 2 C, and retained discharge capacity of 1057.5 mAh g−1 after 150 cycles at 0.5 C. The improved stability of the composite electrode is also confirmed by the structure integrity after the cycling test. Our work presents a feasible approach to address the challenges of red P for high‐capacity anode of NIBs.
Brodifacoum Toxicity in American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) with Evidence of Increased Hazard on Subsequent Anticoagulant Rodenticide Exposure
Authors: Rattner Barnett A. , Volker Steven F. , Lankton Julia S. , Bean Thomas G. , Lazarus Rebecca S. , Horak Katherine E. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A seminal question in ecotoxicology is the extent to which contaminant exposure evokes prolonged effects on physiological function and fitness. A series of studies were undertaken with American kestrels ingesting environmentally realistic concentrations of the second-generation anticoagulant rodenticide (SGAR) brodifacoum. Kestrels fed brodifacoum at 0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 µg/g diet wet weight for 7 d exhibited dose-dependent hemorrhage, histopathological lesions, and coagulopathy (prolonged prothrombin and Russell's viper venom times). Following termination of a 7-d exposure to 0.5 µg brodifacoum/g diet, prolonged blood clotting time returned to baseline values within 1 wk, but brodifacoum residues in liver and kidney persisted during the 28-d recovery period (terminal half-life estimates &gt;50 d). To examine the hazard of sequential anticoagulant rodenticide (AR) exposure, kestrels were exposed to either the first-generation AR chlorophacinone (1.5 µg/g diet) or the SGAR brodifacoum (0.5 µg/g diet) for 7 d and, following a recovery period, challenged with a low dose of chlorophacinone (0.75 µg/g diet) for 7 d. In brodifacoum-exposed kestrels, the challenge exposure clearly prolonged prothrombin time compared to naive controls and kestrels previously exposed to chlorophacinone. These data provide evidence that the SGAR brodifacoum may have prolonged effects that increase the toxicity of subsequent AR exposure. Because free-ranging predatory and scavenging wildlife are often repeatedly exposed to ARs, such protracted toxicological effects need to be considered in hazard and risk assessments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:468–481. © 2020 SETAC
Amphibole perspective to unravel the rhyolite as a potential fertile source for the Yonaguni Knoll IV hydrothermal system in the southwestern Okinawa Trough
Authors: Chen Zuxing , Zeng Zhigang , Qi Haiyan , Wang Xiaoyuan , Yin Xuebo , Chen Shuai , Yang Wenqiang , Ma Yao , Zhang Yuxiang 
Published: November 2019

Yonaguni Knoll IV is an active seafloor hydrothermal system containing massive Zn–Pb sulfides located in the southwestern Okinawa Trough. Previous research has suggested that the metal elements Zn and Pb were dominantly derived from the local volcanic rocks via water–rock interactions. However, it is not known whether or why the volcanic rocks are rich in these metals. Here, we performed a detailed in situ analysis of the major and trace elements in amphiboles in the rhyolite from the hydrothermal field to decipher the physical‐chemical conditions of the silicic magma, including temperature (T), pressure (P), oxygen fugacity (fO2), volatile contents (Cl, H2O) and metal contents (Pb, Zn), and investigate the behavior of the metals (Zn and Pb) during melt evolution. Our results show that the amphiboles are euhedral calcic magnesio‐hornblende and are in equilibrium with the hydrous and oxidized host rhyolitic melt characterized by high H2Omelt (~5.8–6.5 wt.%), fO2 (NNO +0.1 to +0.6) and SiO2melt (~71.73–72.62 wt.%) values at 761–797°C and 102–137 MPa, corresponding to an approximate depth of 3.9–5.2 km. In addition, the rare earth element (REE) patterns of the melt reconstructed from the amphiboles are analogous to those of cold‐wet‐oxidized rhyolites. Thus, the amphiboles crystallized in a cold‐wet‐oxidized shallow silicic magma chamber. The high oxygen fugacity is inferred to have favored sulfur and metal enrichment in the melt. The most abundant metal in the amphiboles is Zn (237–294 ppm), and the concentrations of Pb are much lower (0.86–3.32 ppm), suggesting that Zn preferentially entered the amphibole and that Pb was retained in the melt. The Cl content of the amphiboles ranges from 0.11 to 0.25 wt.%, and accordingly, the Clmelt content estimated from the amphiboles varies from 0.15 to 0.28 wt.%. The low (Cl/H2O)melt ratios, which are <0.05 (i.e., ~0.02–0.04), suggest that the melt exsolved an H2O‐rich vapor rather than a hydrosaline fluid with insufficient Cl to transport metals (e.g., Pb and Zn) into the vapor phase during degassing both in the magma chamber and during ascent. The lack of exsolved hydrosaline fluid and the high oxidation conditions resulted in the metal elements Pb and Zn remaining dissolved in the rhyolitic melt and/or partitioning into crystalline minerals upon eruption. Thus, the large volumes of rhyolitic magma that intruded into the upper crust of the Yonaguni Knoll IV hydrothermal field are a potential fertile source of these elements via leaching by heated seawater.
Petrogenesis of Early Devonian granodiorite in the Xiaobaishitou W–(Mo) ore district of East Tianshan, Northwest China, and tectonic implications: U–Pb geochronological, geochemical, and Sr–Nd isotopic evidence
Authors: Li Ning , Yang Fuquan , Zhang Zhixin 
Published: November 2019

The Palaeozoic intrusions of East Tianshan, China, are important for understanding the tectonic evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. We investigated one such Devonian granodiorite, located in the Xiaobaishitou W–(Mo) ore district of the Central Tianshan Block, to constrain its petrogenesis and geodynamic setting. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) zircon U–Pb dating indicates that the granodiorite emplaced at 407 Ma and can be classified as an I‐type granite based on its mineralogy and whole‐rock geochemistry. The granodiorite also exhibits moderate Mg#values, high MgO, Ni, and CaO contents, depleted Ti and Nb concentrations, and negative εNd(t) values (−8.32 to −3.73), indicating a magma derived from the mantle but contaminated with ancient crustal rock. Mineral chemistry, saturation thermometry, and whole‐rock Fe2O3/FeO ratios indicate crystallisation temperatures of 654–822°C, pressures of 1.8–2.1 kbar, and oxygen fugacity of ≤NNO for the granodiorite stock. We compare granodiorite geochemical data to those from other recent studies of Palaeozoic intrusive rocks in East Tianshan and infer that the formation of the Early Devonian granodiorite in the East Tianshan was due to a south‐dipping subduction of the Kanggur Ocean plate toward the Central Tianshan Block.
Bioactive glass‐containing hydrogel delivery system for osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells
Authors: Sevari Sevda P. , Shahnazi Faezeh , Chen Chider , Mitchell John C. , Ansari Sahar , Moshaverinia Alireza 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOsteoconductive hydrogels can be fabricated by incorporating necessary growth factors and bioactive particles or simply utilizing the ability of the hydrogel itself to induce bone regeneration. The osteogenic inductive potential of the bioactive glass microparticles (BG MPs) has been well‐studied. However, the role of the hydrogel embedding the BG MPs on the osteogenic differentiation of the encapsulated stem cells has not been well established. Moreover, it has been reported that the dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) has the capability of regenerating the craniofacial bone tissue when receiving the necessary osteogenic signals from the microenvironment. In the current study, we have fabricated a composite hydrogel based on alginate and Matrigel containing BG MPs and evaluated the role of the BG MPs and Matrigel on osteogenic differentiation of the encapsulated DPSCs. Our results confirmed that presence of Matrigel enhances the osteogenic differentiation of the DPSCs regardless of the decrease in elasticity of the hydrogel in presence of the BG MPs. This strategy of modifying the microenvironment can be a promising approach for craniofacial bone tissue engineering.
Fetal umbilical cord cyst may evolve to omphalocele during pregnancy
Authors: Suzuki Toshifumi , Yamamoto Yuka , Nakamura Hiroki , Sei‐Okawa Kiguna , Maruyama Yojiro , Takeda Jun , Makino Shintaro , Yamataka Atsuyuki , Itakura Atsuo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOmphalocele is rarely complicated by umbilical cord cysts. In our case, an umbilical cord cyst and fetal ascites were detected at 26 weeks' gestation in a fetus with trisomy 13. This changed to omphalocele with subsequently absorbed fetal ascites at 35 weeks' gestation. We propose two hypotheses. The abdominal wall may have been physically pierced or an omphalocele might have preexisted, and the intestinal tract in the hernia sac was pushed by fetal ascites.
Pharmacokinetics and distribution of 2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin following a single intrathecal dose to cats
Authors: Kao Mark L. , Stellar Susan , Solon Eric , Lordi Alfred , Kasica Nicole , Swain Gary , Bagel Jessica H. , Gurda Brittney L. , Vite Charles H. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract2‐Hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (HP‐β‐CD) is an experimental therapy for Niemann‐Pick disease type C (NPC) that reduced neuronal cholesterol and ganglioside storage, reduced Purkinje cell death, and increased lifespan in npc1−/− mice and NPC1 cats. In this study, tissue distribution was investigated in normal cats that received a single 120‐mg dose of [14C]‐HP‐β‐CD (approximately 200 μCi/cat) via the cerebellomedullary cistern (CBMC) and lumbar cistern. One cat was euthanized at each of various time points up to 24 hours postdose for subsequent processing and quantitative whole‐body autoradiographic analysis. HP‐β‐CD‐derived radioactivity absorbed from the CBMC was widely distributed to cat tissues; most tissues were observed to have reached their highest concentration at 1 hour postdose. HP‐β‐CD‐derived radioactivity penetrated into the deeper parts of the central nervous system with the highest concentration at 4 hours (403 μg Eq/g or 0.28 mM) and remained high (49.7 μg Eq/g or 0.03 mM) at 24 hours. The relatively long half‐life (11‐30 hours) in cerebral ventricles and the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain and spinal cord might contribute to the efficacy of HP‐β‐CD in NPC1 cats. Other tissues with high concentrations of radioactivity were nasal turbinates, pituitary gland, and urinary bladder, while relatively low concentrations were observed in blood and bile.
Expanding the clinical utility of glucosylsphingosine for Gaucher disease
Authors: Saville Jennifer T. , McDermott Belinda K. , Chin Sharon J. , Fletcher Janice M. , Fuller Maria 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGaucher disease (GD) is an inherited metabolic disorder characterised by impaired catabolism of the glycosphingolipid, glucosylceramide. The deacetylated derivative, glucosylsphingosine (GluSph, lyso‐Gb1) has materialised as a biomarker for GD. Further appraisal of the clinical utility of GluSph is required in terms of its prognostic power to inform disease course and pre‐symptomatic testing. In this study, we show that plasma GluSph concentrations are significantly higher in GD patients with neuronopathic disease compared with non‐neuronopathic disease, even in the neonatal period. A neonate diagnosed at 1 day of age (homozygous for N370S) due to an affected older sibling, returned GluSph of 70 nmol/L compared with 1070‐2620 nmol/L for four neuronopathic patients diagnosed <20 days of age. Given this result shows promise for newborn screening, we developed a rapid, simple, and robust assay for GluSph in dried filter paper blood spots (DBS) and were able to detect 23 GD patients from 220 unaffected individuals. Neuronopathic GD patients also had significantly higher DBS concentrations of GluSph than their non‐neuronopathic counterparts. We went on to measure GluSph in tissue extracts prepared from chorionic villus sampling and confirmed concentrations were undetectable in unaffected tissue but elevated in GD tissue demonstrating utility in the prenatal setting. Additionally, GluSph is a pharmacodynamic biomarker, revealing a precipitous drop following initiation of enzyme replacement therapy. In conclusion, GluSph is a reliable and specific biomarker for GD and shows promise for prenatal diagnosis and DBS screening programmes.
The east–west division of changing precipitation in Nepal
Authors: Pokharel Binod , Wang S.‐Y. Simon , Meyer Jonathan , Marahatta Suresh , Nepal Bikash , Chikamoto Yoshimitsu , Gillies Robert 
Published: November 2019

AbstractChanges to precipitation patterns and extremes over the Nepalese Himalayas were examined using a high‐resolution, station‐based daily dataset, Asian Precipitation‐Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation (0.05° × 0.05° APHRODITE) from 1951 to 2007. The annual statistics of extreme precipitation across Nepal show a significant increase since the end of the 20th century. However, seasonal mean precipitation shows a remarkable decrease in western Nepal, particularly since 1980, forming an east–west division in the precipitation change. This decreasing trend of precipitation led to a reduction to the dry‐season stream flow of Karnali River, the major river in western Nepal. At the same time, the increasing extreme precipitation produced greater threat of flash flood in Nepal. This east–west division of the precipitation trend agrees with the second leading mode of the mean precipitation variability, which was traced to the interannual variability of the Indian Ocean sea surface temperature that showed a slowdown of warming. Similar to the APHRODITE trends, precipitation simulated by the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) models depicted the decreasing historical trend in western Nepal, but future projections reverse that trend towards an all‐Nepal increase. CMIP5 future climate projections depict continual warming in the Indian Ocean, potentially reversing the historical decreasing trends of precipitation in western Nepal.
Non‐hybridization single nucleotide polymorphism detection and genotyping assay through direct discrimination of single base mutation by capillary electrophoretic separation of single‐stranded DNA
Authors: Takahashi Toru , Fukagawa Mayu , Sakurai Takao , Hoshino Hitoshi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe significant demands for single nucleotide polymorphism detection and genotyping assays have grown. Most common assays are based on the recognition of the target sequence by the hybridization with its specific probe having the complementary sequence of the target. Herein, a simple, label‐free, and economical non‐hybridization assay was developed for single nucleotide polymorphism detection and genotyping, based on the direct discrimination of single base mutation by simple capillary electrophoresis separation for single‐stranded DNA in an acidic electrophoretic buffer solution containing urea. Capillary electrophoresis separation of single‐base sequential isomers of DNA was achieved due to charge differences resulting from the different protonation properties of the DNA bases. Single nucleotide polymorphism detection and genotyping were achieved by discriminating the electropherogram pattern change, that is, peak number in the electropherogram, obtained by the proposed method. The successful practical application of the proposed method was demonstrated through single nucleotide polymorphism detection and genotyping on a known gene region of 84‐mer, in which guanine to adenine single‐base mutation is commonly observed, using a human hair sample in combination with genomic DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction amplification, DNA purification from polymerase chain reaction products, and capillary electrophoresis separation.
Very high cycle fatigue behaviour of compression springs under constant and variable amplitude loading
Authors: Geilen M.B. , Klein M. , Oechsner M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn diesem Artikel wird eine Prüfvorrichtung zur simultanen Untersuchung von bis zu 88 Schraubendruckfedern an einer servohydraulischen Prüfmaschine mit konstanten und variablen Beanspruchungsamplituden vorgestellt. Die Ergebnisse von Wöhler‐ und Gaßnerversuchen an Schraubendruckfedern mit den Grenzschwingspielzahlen 5 ⋅ 108 bzw. 1,4 ⋅ 107 werden mit der Maximum‐Likelihood‐Methode ausgewertet. Mithilfe der linearen Schadensakkumulationshypothese nach Miner werden theoretische Gaßnerlinien auf Basis der Wöhlerlinien erstellt und mit den experimentell ermittelten Gaßnerlinien verglichen. Die Ergebnisse der Wöhlerversuche werden mit Ermüdungsuntersuchungen von Werkstoffproben und Federn aus der Literatur abgeglichen. Es wird erörtert, wie die Prüffrequenz bei variablen Amplituden erhöht werden kann. Dazu wird die Übertragbarkeit der Ergebnisse von Werkstoffprüfungen mit Torsionsbelastung an Prüfmaschinen mit Ultraschallanregung auf Bauteilprüfungen von Schraubendruckfedern betrachtet.
CU placement over a reconfigurable wireless fronthaul in 5G networks with functional splits
Authors: Harutyunyan Davit , Riggio Roberto , Kuklinski Slawomir , Ahmed Toufik 
Published: November 2019

SummaryMobile network operators are currently facing a tremendous increase in the level of data traffic. Although cell size reduction is one of the most common ways used to accommodate such traffic demand, densely deployed small cells also dramatically increase the level of intercell interference. By centralizing baseband signal processing at powerful computing infrastructures, called centralized unit (CU) pools, cloud radio access network (C‐RAN) enables advanced coordination algorithms to be employed in dense small cell networks. In C‐RAN, due to stringent bandwidth and latency requirements at the fronthaul links, the optical fiber, thanks to its bandwidth and latency characteristics, continues to be the most prevalent fronthaul medium option. Nevertheless, the optical fiber is one of the fronthaul options, while C‐RAN (physical layer radio frequency [PHY‐RF] split) is one of the functional splits that can be defined each coming with different fronthaul requirements.In this paper, we formulate and solve a dynamic CU placement problem for mobile networks as an integer linear programming (ILP) problem. In the considered network, CU pools are placed at the edges of the network, and a reconfigurable millimeter wave (MMW) wireless fronthaul links are used in order to provide decentralized units (DUs) with connectivity. We study the impact of different functional splits on the placement cost and on the acceptance ratio using different substrate networks. Lastly, we propose and evaluate a CU placement heuristic algorithm using a numerical simulator. The results reveal that the optimal functional split selection can lead to significant resource utilization benefits in the RAN.
Clinical characterization and long‐term outcomes in pediatric epithelioid hemangioendothelioma
Authors: Cournoyer Eily , Al‐Ibraheemi Alyaa , Engel Elissa , Chaudry Gulraiz , Stapleton Stacie , Adams Denise M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThere is a paucity of information about the clinical characteristics and long‐term outcomes of pediatric epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE), a rare vascular neoplasm commonly presenting in adulthood. In our case series of 24 patients with EHE aged 2‐26 years, the majority presented with multi‐organ disease. Progression was seen in 63% of patients with a mean time to progression of 18.4 months (range: 0‐72). Three patients treated with sirolimus achieved stable disease or partial response for >2.5 years. Longitudinal prospective pediatric studies are needed to develop standardized approaches to surgical and medical management.
Individuals With Recurrent Low Back Pain Exhibit Significant Changes in Paraspinal Muscle Strength After Intramuscular Fine Wire Electrode Insertion
Authors: Lee Szu‐Ping , Dinglasan Vincent , Duong Anthony , Totten Russell , Smith Jo A. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo examine how insertion and presence of intramuscular fine‐wire electromyography electrodes (IFWEs) in lumbar multifidus affect paraspinal muscle strength, endurance, and activation in persons with and without recurrent lower back pain (RLBP) during activities that require high levels of muscle contraction.DesignCase‐control with randomization of conditions.SettingClinical research laboratory.ParticipantsForty participants age 18 to 40 years were recruited (18 female; mean age = 25.5 years); 20 with a history of RLBP were compared to a matching control group of 20 without RLBP.InterventionsEach participant was tested under three conditions over three sessions. On Session 1, the baseline condition, we assessed muscle performance without IFWE insertion. On Sessions 2 and 3, participants were randomly alternated between two experimental conditions: (1) wire‐in, in which the IFWE was inserted and remained within the muscle during testing; and (2) wire‐out, in which the IFWE was inserted and immediately removed.Main Outcome MeasurementsLumbar spinal extensor peak strength, endurance, and normalized electromyography (EMG) amplitude during the endurance test.ResultsIndividuals with RLBP showed a significant decrease in peak strength during conditions that involved IFWE insertion and tend to experience more pain during muscle testing. Both groups exhibited similar levels of performance and muscle activation during the endurance test.ConclusionOur findings indicate that individuals with RLBP exhibited reduced lumbar extensor strength in response to IFWE insertion to the deep paraspinal muscles. This behavior is different from those without RLBP. Researchers should carefully consider the use of IFWE in individuals with RLBP during high exertion activities.
Imine‐based dynamic polymer networks as photoprogrammable amine sensing devices
Authors: Kathan Michael , Jurissek Christoph , Kovaříček Petr , Hecht Stefan 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTHere, we describe a “smart” polymeric material, which is able to readily detect and discriminate amine vapors. The dynamic imine‐based network can be conveniently prepared by mixing a commercially available, amino‐functionalized polysiloxane with small amounts of a diarylethene dialdehyde. The photoswitchable crosslinker allows for reversible imprinting of custom‐designed patterns on the polymer surface with (sun)light and thus enables noninvasive information storage in the material, which before, during, and after amine exposure can readily be decoded with commonly used smartphone apps. This feature along with the self‐healing nature of the dynamic polymer, an easy recycling and manufacturing procedure, and the overall low cost and toxicity render this material advantageous to develop low‐cost and practical amine sensing devices for the broad public. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 2378–2382