bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sublethal exposure of small few-layer graphene promotes metabolic alterations in human skin cells
Authors: Frontiñan-Rubio Javier , Gomez M. Victoria , González Viviana Jehová , Durán-Prado Mario , Vázquez Ester 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSmall few-layer graphene (sFLG), a novel small-sized graphene-related material (GRM), can be considered as an intermediate degradation product of graphene. GRMs have a promising present and future in the field of biomedicine. However, safety issues must be carefully addressed to facilitate their implementation. In the work described here, the effect of sub-lethal doses of sFLG on the biology of human HaCaT keratinocytes was examined. A one-week treatment of HaCaTs with sub-lethal doses of sFLG resulted in metabolome remodeling, dampening of the mitochondrial function and a shift in the redox state to pro-oxidant conditions. sFLG raises reactive oxygen species and calcium from 24 h to one week after the treatment and this involves the activation of NADPH oxidase 1. Likewise, sFLG seems to induce a shift from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis and promotes the use of glutamine as an alternative source of energy. When sub-toxic sFLG exposure was sustained for 30 days, an increase in cell proliferation and mitochondrial damage were observed. Further research is required to unveil the safety of GRMs and degradation-derived products before their use in the workplace and in practical applications.
Expresser phenotype determines ABO(H) blood group antigen loading on platelets and von Willebrand factor
Authors: O’Donghaile Diarmaid , Jenkins P. Vincent , McGrath Rachel T. , Preston Lisa , Field Stephen P. , Ward Soracha E. , O’Sullivan Jamie M. , O’Donnell James S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractABO blood group is associated with cardiovascular disease, with significantly lower risk in blood group O individuals. ABO(H) blood group determinants are expressed on different glycoproteins on platelet surfaces. In addition, ABO(H) structures are also present on VWF glycans. These ABO(H) carbohydrates influence both platelet and VWF function. Previous studies have reported that approximately 5–10% of normal blood donors express abnormally high or low levels of A or B blood group antigens on their platelet surfaces (high expresser phenotype, HXP or low expresser phenotype, LXP respectively). In this study, the biological effects of the ABO Expresser phenotype were investigated. ABO(H) expression on platelets and plasma VWF was studied in a series of 541 healthy blood donors. Overall, 5.6% of our study cohort were classified as HXP, whilst 4.4% satisfied criteria for LXP. We demonstrate that genotype at the ABO blood group locus plays a critical role in modulating the platelet HXP phenotype. In particular, A1A1 genotype is a major determinant of ABO high-expresser trait. Our data further show that ABH loading on VWF is also affected by ABO expresser phenotype. Consequently, A antigen expression on VWF was significantly elevated in HXP individuals and moderately reduced in LXP subjects (P < 0.05). Collectively, these findings suggest that ABO expresser phenotype influences primary hemostasis though several different pathways. Further studies will be required to define whether inter-individual variations in ABO(H) expression on platelets and/or VWF (particularly HXP and LXP) impact upon risk for cardiovascular disease.
Personalized prediction of delayed graft function for recipients of deceased donor kidney transplants with machine learning
Authors: Kawakita Satoru , Beaumont Jennifer L. , Jucaud Vadim , Everly Matthew J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMachine learning (ML) has shown its potential to improve patient care over the last decade. In organ transplantation, delayed graft function (DGF) remains a major concern in deceased donor kidney transplantation (DDKT). To this end, we harnessed ML to build personalized prognostic models to predict DGF. Registry data were obtained on adult DDKT recipients for model development (n = 55,044) and validation (n = 6176). Incidence rates of DGF were 25.1% and 26.3% for the development and validation sets, respectively. Twenty-six predictors were identified via recursive feature elimination with random forest. Five widely-used ML algorithms—logistic regression (LR), elastic net, random forest, artificial neural network (ANN), and extreme gradient boosting (XGB) were trained and compared with a baseline LR model fitted with previously identified risk factors. The new ML models, particularly ANN with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC) of 0.732 and XGB with ROC-AUC of 0.735, exhibited superior performance to the baseline model (ROC-AUC = 0.705). This study demonstrates the use of ML as a viable strategy to enable personalized risk quantification for medical applications. If successfully implemented, our models may aid in both risk quantification for DGF prevention clinical trials and personalized clinical decision making.
Hybrid 3D printed-paper microfluidics
Authors: Zargaryan Arthur , Farhoudi Nathalie , Haworth George , Ashby Julian F. , Au Sam H. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract3D printed and paper-based microfluidics are promising formats for applications that require portable miniaturized fluid handling such as point-of-care testing. These two formats deployed in isolation, however, have inherent limitations that hamper their capabilities and versatility. Here, we present the convergence of 3D printed and paper formats into hybrid devices that overcome many of these limitations, while capitalizing on their respective strengths. Hybrid channels were fabricated with no specialized equipment except a commercial 3D printer. Finger-operated reservoirs and valves capable of fully-reversible dispensation and actuation were designed for intuitive operation without equipment or training. Components were then integrated into a versatile multicomponent device capable of dynamic fluid pathing. These results are an early demonstration of how 3D printed and paper microfluidics can be hybridized into versatile lab-on-chip devices.
The pseudogene problem and RT-qPCR data normalization; SYMPK: a suitable reference gene for papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Javadirad Seyed-Morteza , Mokhtari Mohammad , Esfandiarpour Ghazal , Kolahdouzan Mohsen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn RT-qPCR, accuracy requires multiple levels of standardization, but results could be obfuscated by human errors and technical limitations. Data normalization against suitable reference genes is critical, yet their observed expression can be confounded by pseudogenes. Eight reference genes were selected based on literature review and analysis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) microarray data. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were followed by RT-qPCR amplification in triplicate with exon-junction or intron-spanning primers. Several statistical analyses were applied using Microsoft Excel, NormFinder, and BestKeeper. In normal tissues, the least correlation of variation (CqCV%) and the lowest maximum fold change (MFC) were respectively recorded for PYCR1 and SYMPK. In PTC tissues, SYMPK had the lowest CqCV% (5.16%) and MFC (1.17). According to NormFinder, the best reference combination was SYMPK and ACTB (stability value = 0.209). BestKeeper suggested SYMPK as the best reference in both normal (r = 0.969) and PTC tissues (r = 0.958). SYMPK is suggested as the best reference gene for overcoming the pseudogene problem in RT-qPCR data normalization, with a stability value of 0.319.
Perfect appearance match between self-luminous and surface colors can be performed with isomeric spectra
Authors: Kagimoto Akari , Okajima Katsunori 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSurface color results from a reflected light bounced off a material, such as a paper. By contrast, self-luminous color results directly from an emitting light, such as a Liquid Crystal (LC) display. These are completely different mechanisms, and thus, surface color and self-luminous color cannot be matched even though both have identical tristimulus values. In fact, previous research has reported that metameric color matching fails among diverse media. However, the reason for this failure remains unclear. In the present study, we created isomeric color-matching pairs between self-luminous and surface colors by modulating the spectral distribution of the light for surface colors. Then, we experimentally verified whether such color matching can be performed. The results show that isomeric color matching between self-luminous and surface colors can be performed for all participants. However, metameric color matching fails for most participants, indicating that differences in the spectral distributions rather than the different color-generating mechanisms themselves are the reason for the color matching failure between different devices. We experimentally demonstrated that there is no essential problem in cross-media color matching by generating isomeric pairs. Our results can be considered to be of great significance not only for color science, but also for the color industry.
Isotopic and microbotanical insights into Iron Age agricultural reliance in the Central African rainforest
Authors: Bleasdale Madeleine , Wotzka Hans-Peter , Eichhorn Barbara , Mercader Julio , Styring Amy , Zech Jana , Soto María , Inwood Jamie , Clarke Siobhán , Marzo Sara , Fiedler Bianca , Linseele Veerle , Boivin Nicole , Roberts Patrick 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe emergence of agriculture in Central Africa has previously been associated with the migration of Bantu-speaking populations during an anthropogenic or climate-driven ‘opening’ of the rainforest. However, such models are based on assumptions of environmental requirements of key crops (e.g. Pennisetum glaucum) and direct insights into human dietary reliance remain absent. Here, we utilise stable isotope analysis (δ13C, δ15N, δ18O) of human and animal remains and charred food remains, as well as plant microparticles from dental calculus, to assess the importance of incoming crops in the Congo Basin. Our data, spanning the early Iron Age to recent history, reveals variation in the adoption of cereals, with a persistent focus on forest and freshwater resources in some areas. These data provide new dietary evidence and document the longevity of mosaic subsistence strategies in the region.
Amplification of active sites and porosity for the adsorption of QDs via the induction of the rare-earth element la into TiO2 for enhanced photovoltaic effects in QDSSCs
Authors: Shwetharani R. , Sushmitha T. , Preethi G. U. , Balakrishna R. Geetha 
Published: October 2020

Schematic representing preparation of TiO2 and La–TiO2, QDSSCs device development and mechanism of charge carrier’s migration in device along with IV curve for La–TiO2.
Bolometric night sky temperature and subcooling of telescope structures
Authors: Holzlöhner R. , Kimeswenger S. , Kausch W. , Noll S. 
Published: October 2020

Context.The termsky temperatureis used in the literature to refer to different phenomena in different contexts which often leads to confusion. In this work, we studyTsky, the effective bolometric sky temperature at which a hemispherical black body would radiate the same power onto a flat horizontal structure on the ground as the night sky, integrated over the entire thermal wavelength range of 1–100μm. We then analyze the thermal physics of radiative cooling with special focus on telescopes and discuss mitigation strategies.Aims.The quantityTskyis useful to quantify the subcooling in telescopes which can deteriorate the image quality by introducing an optical path difference (OPD) and induce thermal stress and mechanical deflections on structures.Methods.We employ the Cerro Paranal Sky Model of the European Southern Observatory to derive a simple formula ofTskyas a function of atmospheric parameters. The structural subcooling and the induced OPD are then expressed as a function of surface emissivity, sky view factor, local air speed, and structure dimensions.Results.At Cerro Paranal (2600m) and Cerro Armazones (3060m) in the Atacama desert,Tskytowards the zenith mostly lies 25–50 Kelvin below the ambient temperature near the ground, depending to a great extent on the precipitable water vapor column in the atmosphere. The temperature difference can decrease by several Kelvin for higher zenith distances. The subcooling OPD scales linearly to quadratically with the telescope diameter and is inversely proportional to the local air speed near the telescope structure.
Hierarchical star formation in nearby galaxies
Authors: Rodríguez M. J. , Baume G. , Feinstein C. 
Published: October 2020

Aims. The purpose of this work is to study the properties of the spatial distribution of the young population in three nearby galaxies in order to better understand the first stages of star formation.
Methods. We used ACS/HST photometry and the “path-linkage criterion” in order to obtain a catalog of young stellar groups (YSGs) in the galaxy NGC 2403. We studied the internal distribution of stars in these YSGs using the Q parameter. We extended these analyses to the YSGs detected in in NGC 300 and NGC 253 our previous works. We built the young stars’ density maps for these three galaxies. Through these maps, we were able to identify and study young stellar structures on larger scales.
Results. We found 573 YSGs in the galaxy NGC 2403, for which we derived their individual sizes, densities, luminosity function, and other fundamental characteristics. We find that the vast majority of the YSGs in NGC 2403, NGC 300 and NGC 253 present inner clumpings, following the same hierarchical behavior that we observed in the young stellar structures on larger scales in these galaxies. We derived values of the fractal dimension for these structures between ∼1.5 and 1.6. These values are very similar to those obtained in other star forming galaxies and in the interstellar medium, suggesting that the star formation process is regulated by supersonic turbulence.
The COld STream finder Algorithm (COSTA)
Authors: Gatto M. , Napolitano N. R. , Spiniello C. , Longo G. , Paolillo M. 
Published: October 2020

Context. We present the COld STream finder Algorithm (COSTA), a novel algorithm used to search for cold kinematical substructures in the phase space of planetary nebulae (PNe) and globular clusters (GCs) in the halos of massive galaxies and intracluster regions.
Aims. The aim of COSTA is to detect small, low-velocity-dispersion streams, such as the ones produced in recent interactions of dwarf galaxies with the halos of more massive galaxies, including the ones sitting in the central regions of rich galaxy clusters.
Methods. We based COSTA on a deep friend-of-friend procedure that isolates groups of N particles with low velocity dispersion (between 10 km s−1 and ∼100 km s−1) using an iterative (n) sigma-clipping on a defined number of (k) neighbor particles. The algorithm has three parameters (k − n − N), plus a velocity dispersion cut-off that defines the “coldness” of the stream, which are set using Monte Carlo realizations of the sample in question.
Results. In this paper, we show the ability of COSTA to recover simulated streams on mock datasets of discrete kinematical tracers of different sizes and measurement errors, from publicly available hydrodynamical simulations. We also show the best algorithm setup for realistically locating streams in the core of the Fornax cluster, for future applications of COSTA to real populations of PNe and GCs.
Conclusions. Finally, COSTA can be adapted to many situations in finding small substructures in the phase space of a limited sample of discrete tracers, provided that the algorithm is trained on realistic mock observations reproducing the specific dataset under examination.
Concise Total Synthesis of Curvulone B
Authors: Mohapatra Debendra K. , Banoth Shivalal , Choudhury Utkal Mani , Marumudi Kanakaraju , Kunwar Ajit C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA concise and convergent stereoselective synthesis of curvulone B is described. The synthesis utilized a tandem isomerization followed by C–O and C–C bond-forming reactions following Mukaiyama-type aldol conditions for the construction of the trans-2,6-disubstituted dihydropyran ring system as the key steps. Other important features of this synthesis are a cross-metathesis, epimerization, and Friedel–Crafts acylation.
Diazocarbonyl Compounds in Organofluorine Chemistry
Authors: Szabó Kálmán J. , Lübcke Marvin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDiazocarbonyl compounds are useful substrates in di- and trifunctionalization reactions based on F/CF3/SCF3 introduction. In the presented reactions, various electrophilic F/CF3/SCF3-transfer reagents were used. The majority of the reactions were based on rhodium catalysis and the application of various oxygen nucleophiles, such as alcohols, cyclic/acyclic ethers, and carboxylic acids. The oxyfluorination reactions were further developed to provide a new fluorine-18 labeling method. Density functional theory (DFT) modeling studies were performed to get a deeper mechanistic understanding of these reactions. These DFT modeling studies indicated that the catalytic reactions proceed through formation of rhodium carbene and oxonium ylide intermediates. The oxonium ylides undergo tautomerization to enol ether type species that subsequently react with the electrophilic F/CF3/SCF3-transfer reagents. We
also present an arylation–trifluoromethylthiolation reaction for simultaneous introduction of C–SCF3 and C–C bonds into diazocarbonyl compounds. This reaction does not proceed by rhodium catalysis, but follows a Hooz-type mechanism.1 Introduction2 Diazocarbonyl Compounds: Versatile Substrates in Organic ­Synthesis3 Fluorination, Trifluoromethylation, and Trifluoromethylthiolation of Diazo Substrates3.1 Metal-Free Reactions3.2 Metal-Catalyzed Reactions with Nucleophilic Reagents3.3 Metal-Catalyzed Reactions with Electrophilic Reagents4 Oxyfluorination Reactions4.1 Fluorobenziodoxole as a Fluorine Source4.2 [18F]Fluorobenziodoxole as a Fluorine Source for Radiolabeling4.3 Oxyfluorination with NFSI5 Oxytrifluoromethylation6 Oxytrifluoromethylthiolation7 Arylation–Trifluoromethylthiolation Reaction8 Conclusions and Outlook
Lower Urinary Pathogens: Do More Pathogenic Bacteria Increase the Risk of Pyelonephritis?
Authors: Rosett Heather A. , Krischak Madison K. , Sachdeva Sarika , Weaver Kristin E. , Heine Robert Phillips , Denoble Anna E. , Dotters-Katz Sarah K. 
Published: October 2020

Objective Outside of pregnancy, urinary pathogens such as Proteus and Klebsiella are considered more pathogenic than E. coli. During pregnancy, the implications of lower urinary tract infection (LUTI) with more pathogenic bacteria are unclear. Thus, we sought to compare the risk of progression from LUTI to pyelonephritis among women infected with these more pathogenic urinary bacteria to those infected with E. coli.
Study Design Retrospective cohort of pregnant women with LUTI at single tertiary center from July 2013 to May 2019. Pathogenic infections (PI) were defined as asymptomatic bacteriuria or acute cystitis urinary cultures positive for Proteus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Acinetobacter, Staphylococcus, or Raoultella species. Demographic, infectious, antepartum, and postpartum data abstracted. Pregnant women with PI compared with those with E. coli. Primary outcome was progression to pyelonephritis. Secondary outcomes included pyelonephritis length of stay (LOS) >6 days, preterm birth (PTB), low birthweight (LBW), and measures of pyelonephritis-related morbidity.
Results Of 686 pregnant women with LUTIs, 313 had urine culture growing out either PI or E. coli, with 59 (12%) growing PI and 254 (54%) growing E. coli. Women with PI were more likely to be African American, have chronic hypertension, and have history of preeclampsia. The primary species causing PI were Klebsiella (n = 29) and Proteus (n = 11). PI were not more likely to progress to pyelonephritis than E. coli LUTIs (10.9 vs. 14.5%; p = 0.67). Median LOS for pyelonephritis and other measures of pyelonephritis-related morbidity did not differ nor did PTB or LBW rates. After controlling for race, body mass index, history of preeclampsia, and history of pyelonephritis, PI were not associated with increased odds of progression to pyelonephritis (adjusted odds ratio: 0.69, 95% confidence interval: 0.27–1.80).
Conclusion Bacteria traditionally considered to be more pathogenic outside of pregnancy do not progress to pyelonephritis at higher rates than E. coli in pregnancy, and are associated with similar pyelonephritis-related morbidity. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Key Points
Fluorine-containing ruthenium-based olefin metathesis catalysts
Authors: Masoud Salekh M. , Vorobyeva Daria V. , Petropavlovskikh Dmitry A. , Bruneau Christian , Osipov Sergey N. 
Published: October 2020

The review summarizes literature data on the methods for the introduction of fluorine atoms and fluoralkyl groups into different ligands to construct metathesis-active ruthenium carbene complexes. It also analyzes the influence of fluorinated ligands on the catalytic activity of the complexes. The choice, structure and positions of fluorinated substituents in NHC ligands are generally dictated by the desire to increase the electrophilicity of the ruthenium atom due to the electron-withdrawing effect of fluorine atoms and fluoroalkyl groups, resulting, as a rule, in an increase in the activity of the ruthenium complex. In catalysts with unsymmetrical fluorine-containing NHC ligands, there is a possibility of additional Ru–F coordination, making the complexes much more stable and, consequently, more active. The presence of fluorine in chelating alkylidene ligands provides an increase in the catalyst initiation rate due to a weakening of the ruthenium – heteroatom bond. Besides, the introduction of polyfluoroalkyl groups into ligands solves the problem of catalyst recovery using fluorous biphasic systems for reuse.
The bibliography includes 172 references.
Stimulation of soluble guanylate cyclase exerts antiinflammatory actions in the liver through a VASP/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome circuit
Authors: Flores-Costa Roger , Duran-Güell Marta , Casulleras Mireia , López-Vicario Cristina , Alcaraz-Quiles José , Diaz Alba , Lozano Juan J. , Titos Esther , Hall Katherine , Sarno Renee , Masferrer Jaime L. , Clària Joan 
Published: October 2020

SignificanceFatty liver, which is an initial step in the development of more severe complications such as liver cirrhosis, is prevalent worldwide in our society. This study demonstrates that stimulation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), an enzyme producing the second messenger cGMP, protects against the most common features of fatty liver, namely inflammation and fibrosis, in animal models of the disease. Our study also provides an explanation for this protection and describes how sGC stimulation blocks the inflammasome (a protein complex responsible for the production of the potent proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β) in liver macrophages. The results of this study support the investigation of sGC stimulators, which are already approved for treatment in other conditions, in patients with fatty liver disease.