bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ARCHITECTURAL AND URBAN PLANNING OF RESIDENTIAL SETTLEMENT OF COOPERATIVE SOCIETY “TRAMVAYSHCHIK” IN ROSTOV-ON-DON
Authors: Tokarev A. G. 
Published: February 2020

The article describes the planning structure and architecture of one of the first residential settlements built after the Civil War in Rostov-on-Don, the cooperative society “Tramvayshchik”. Step-by-step changes in Rostov occurred in the 1920s. Almost each architectural project of the mid-1920s is characterized by the traditional dependence on spatial planning, a regular development of residential settlements with buildings around the perimeter, with conventional differentiation of urban spaces into utilitarian and festive. It is demonstrated that planning solutions of the residential settlements are a combination of both traditional and popular principles of ribbon development with drastic urban decompaction and site landscaping. Planning of residential buildings is strongly influenced by Art Nouveau and Neo-classical architecture. It is concluded that the construction site and the existing patterns of spatial and visual thinking are a sort of significant formative factors here; the residential settlements are a synthesis of the old and new traditions in architectural and urban development during the transition period of the mid-1920s.
EDUCATIONAL EMPOWERMENT AND USE OF ANTENATAL SERVICES
Authors: Muhammad Siddique Khan Qadr  , Huda Abbas  , Wajahat Hussain et al.  
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT:OBJECTIVE: The single most important factor that has long-lasting impact on lives of women is education. The study was conducted to determine the eﬀect of women and partner's education on utilization of antenatal services in the urban slums.STUDY DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in urban slums of Bahawalpur City from January 2018 to December 2018 after taking ethical approval from hospital ethical committee. Women of reproductive age n=377, between 15 to 49 years, having at least one alive child less than one year of age and irrespective of current pregnancy were included in the study. Out of selected slum area sample was drawn by non-probability consecutive method. The preformed, pretested questionnaire with the help of lady health workers of the areas was used for collection of data.
RESULTS: Mean age of the respondents was 28.26 ± 6.03 years. The age distribution showed that 31.1% respondents belonged to 30-34 years age group followed by 29.7% in 25-29 years, 19.1% in 20-24 years. The utilization of antenatal services was poor in 41.1% (n=155), fair in 24.9% (n=94) and good in 34.0% (n=128) women. The utilization of antenatal services was signiﬁcantly higher in literate group (p <0.001). Regarding husband's educational status the wives of educated husbands had better utilization (p <0.001). The use of antenatal services among wives of uneducated and primary educated husbands was 67.8% and 61.5% respectively. The 52.1% women having graduate and above educational level of husband had good antenatal care use.
CONCLUSION: Educational status signiﬁcantly aﬀect the utilization of antenatal services.
Stellar Feedback and Resolved Stellar IFU Spectroscopy in the Nearby Spiral Galaxy NGC 300
Authors: McLeod Anna F. , Kruijssen J. M. Diederik , Weisz Daniel R. , Zeidler Peter , Schruba Andreas , Dalcanton Julianne J. , Longmore Steven N. , Chevance Mélanie , Faesi Christopher M. , Byler Nell 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We present MUSE integral field unit (IFU) observations of five individual H ii regions in two giant star-forming complexes in the low-metallicity, nearby dwarf spiral galaxy NGC 300. In combination with high spatial resolution Hubble Space Telescope photometry, we demonstrate the extraction of stellar spectra and classification of individual stars from ground-based IFU data at the distance of 2 Mpc. For the two star-forming complexes, in which no O-type stars had previously been identified, we find a total of 13 newly identified O-type stars and 4 Wolf-Rayet stars (two already-known sources and two Wolf-Rayet star candidates that this work has now confirmed). We use the derived massive stellar content to analyze the impact of stellar feedback on the H ii regions. As already found for H ii regions in the Magellanic Clouds, the dynamics of the analyzed NGC 300 H ii regions are dominated by a combination of the pressure of the ionized gas and stellar winds. Moreover, we analyze the relation between the star formation rate and the pressure of the ionized gas as derived from small (<100 pc) scales, both quantities being systematically overestimated when derived on galactic scales. With the wealth of upcoming IFU instruments and programs, this study serves as a pathfinder for the systematic investigation of resolved stellar feedback in nearby galaxies, delivering the necessary analysis tools to enable massive stellar content and feedback studies sampling an unprecedented range of H ii region properties across entire galaxies in the nearby universe.
Ejection of Glycine Molecules Adsorbed on a Water Ice Surface by Swift-heavy Ion Irradiation
Authors: Anders Christian , Bringa Eduardo M. , Urbassek Herbert M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Organic molecules may be adsorbed on the ice surfaces of comets or moons. We study the desorption process induced by swift-heavy ion irradiation using a molecular dynamics simulation. Focusing on the amino acid glycine adsorbed on water ice as a prototypical example, we model a 2 MeV sulfur ion impact as it might be typical of magnetospheric ion impact on the surface of Europa. We find that molecules are ejected intact within a radius of up to 25 Å around the ion impact point. Within a core region of around 10 Å, glycine molecules are destroyed and mainly fragments are emitted. Prominent fragments produced are cyanide CN–, carbon monoxide CO, cyanate OCN–, and carbon dioxide CO2, in agreement with experimental studies. In addition, radiolysis of water ice generates the radicals H+, H3O+, and HO– as well as the gases H2, O2, and some H2O2. While the smaller fragments easily obtain velocities above 2 km s−1—the escape velocity from Europa—most ejected glycine molecules obtain smaller velocities and will thus not leave the moon permanently. Our results thus provide a detailed example that shows to what extent intact emission of organic molecules from Europa’s surface by ion irradiation is possible and may be used for modeling the height distribution of ejecta in Europa’s exosphere.
VLT/X-Shooter Spectroscopy of Lyman Break Analogs: Direct-method O/H Abundances and Nitrogen Enhancements
Authors: Loaiza-Agudelo Maryory , Overzier Roderik A. , Heckman Timothy M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We used Very Large Telescope/X-Shooter to target a sample of nearby analogs of Lyman break galaxies (LBGs). These Lyman break analogs are similar to the LBGs in many of their physical properties. We determine electron temperatures using the weak [O iii] λ4363 emission line and determine the oxygen abundance (O/H) using the direct and strong-line methods. We show that the direct and strong-line abundances are consistent with established relations within ∼0.2 dex. The analogs have nitrogen-to-oxygen ratios (N/O) and ionization parameters (q) that are, on average, offset with respect to typical local galaxies but similar to galaxies at z ∼ 2 and other analogs. The N/O and q excesses correlate with the offsets observed in the strong-line ratios, again similar to z ∼ 2. The star formation rate surface densities are consistent with the high electron density and ionization, indicating that the interstellar medium (ISM) pressure is set by feedback from the starbursts. For a given O/H, the apparent N/O excess arises owing to the offset in O/H with respect to the local mass–metallicity relation. This can be explained by recent inflow of relatively metal-poor gas that lowers O/H while leaving N/O unchanged. The difficulties in determining even basic ISM parameters in these nearby analogs illustrate some of the challenges we face at much higher redshifts, where similar rest-frame optical diagnostics for large samples of galaxies can be accessed with the James Webb Space Telescope.
The Odonata of Quebec: Specimen data from seven collections
Authors: Favret Colin , Moisan-De Serres Joseph , Larrivée Maxim , Lessard Jean-Philippe 
Published: February 2020

The Odonata, dragonflies and damselflies, constitute one of the more charismatic and better-studied orders of insects. The approximately 6,000 extant species on Earth can be variously found on all continents, except Antarctica. A relatively stable taxonomy, a relative ease of species identification and an aquatic immature stage has made the Odonata a taxon of interest in documenting the symptoms of global environmental change, especially at higher latitudes. The Odonata fauna of the north-temperate Canadian province of Quebec includes 150 species, many of which are at the northern limits of their geographic distribution.
Quebec hosts multiple entomological specimen depositories, including seven publicly-accessible research collections. One of these, the University of Montreal's Ouellet-Robert Entomological Collection, houses an exceptionally large collection of Odonata. An initial specimen data capture project for this collection gathered 31,595 Quebec Odonata occurrence records, but several Quebec species were missing and geographic coverage was biased towards the Montreal region. To complement this dataset, we undertook to digitise the Odonata records of six other public research collections. They are, in order of Quebec Odonata collection size, the Laval University Entomological Collection, McGill University's Lyman Entomological Museum, the Insectarium of Montreal Research Collection, the Quebec Government's Insect Collection, Bishop's University's Insect Collection and the Laurentian Forestry Centre's René-Martineau Insectarium. Of the 40,447 total specimen occurrence records, 36,951 are identified to the species level, including 137 of the 150 species officially-recorded in Quebec and 2 non-nominotypical subspecies. We here summarise the data and highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the datasets. The complete dataset is available with this publication (Suppl. material 1), whereas the specimen data associated with each collection are available as Darwin Core archives at Canadensys.net and will be updated as appropriate.
A comprehensive survey of Rhinonyssid mites (Mesostigmata: Rhinonyssidae) in Northwest Russia: New mite-host associations and prevalence data
Authors: De Rojas Manuel , Doña Jorge , Dimov Ivan 
Published: February 2020

Rhinonyssid mites are permanent parasites of birds that inhabit their respiratory tract. There are around 600 species described worldwide and almost all species of birds are found to have embedded rhinonyssid mites. Despite their presumed relevance, these mites are largely unstudied due to the difficulty in sampling them and, therefore, the majority of mite-host associations and species-prevalence data are unknown.
In this study, 179 mite specimens belonging to 27 species and eight genera were identified. Notably, 18 new mite-bird associations were documented for the first time, thus increasing the known host range for these mite species. In addition, mite-host associations found in this study were compared with known associations from these species of birds in the European part of Russia and in Europe. Overall, this study represents the largest survey to date carried out on rhinonyssid mites in Russia and one of the most comprehensive datasets on rhinonyssid host-range.
Antiplatelet activity of new derivatives of benzimidazole containing sterically hindered phenolic group in their structure
Authors: Spasov Alexander A. , Kucheryavenko Aida F. , Gaidukova Ksenia A. , Kosolapov Vadim A. , Zhukovskaya Olga N. 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are currently the leading cause of global disability and mortality. According to the centers for disease control and prevention, the average life expectancy of a person would be 10 years longer but for a high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, and if antiplatelet drugs and special therapy were used.
Materials and methods: Antiplatelet activity of the novel benzimidazole derivatives containing a sterically hindered phenolic group in their structure has been investigated in vitro, using a model of ADP-induced platelet aggregation of rabbit’s plasma. The compounds exhibiting high antiplatelet activity and acetylsalicylic acid, as a reference drug, were examined for antioxidant properties in an ascorbate-dependent model of lipid peroxidation.
Results: It was established that the compounds with high antiplatelet activity demonstrated the pronounced antioxidant action. The compound RU-1144 (1-(3,5-ditretbutyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -1-hydroxypropyl)-phenyl-pyrimidobenzimid­azole hydrochloride), in in vitro experiments, had a pronounced antiplatelet activity, surpassing the reference drug acetylsalicylic acid by 21.8 times; in the study of antioxidant activity, the leader compound was inferior to the reference drug dibunol by 1.7 times. By inhibiting intravascular platelet aggregation in vivo, this compound exceeded acetylsali­cylic acid by 1.5 times and was slightly inferior to clopidogrel by 1.4 times.
Discussion: Benzimidazole derivatives with a hindered phenolic substituent in their structure exhibited antiplatelet and antioxidant properties. It was established that the compounds with high antiplatelet activity demonstrated the pro­nounced antioxidant action.
Conclusion: The chemical class of benzimidazole derivatives with a hindered phenolic substituent in their structure is promising for the search for new antiaggregant and antioxidant drugs.
Mise en travail, prison et enfermement. Perspectives africaines
Authors: Morelle Marie , Planel Sabine , Tiquet Romain 
Published: February 2020

La relation entre enfermement, prison et mise travail a fait l’objet de différents travaux en sciences sociales à l’époque contemporaine, mais rares sont les études qui se sont intéressées au continent africain. C’est pourquoi cet article propose de mettre en dialogue les données de trois enquêtes de terrain, conduites au Cameroun, en Éthiopie et au Sénégal, autour de cette relation. L’ambition est double : esquisser des pistes de compréhension de la place du travail dans des dispositifs d’enfermement pénaux et extra-pénaux ; et inversement, initier l’analyse du rôle de l’enfermement dans la mise au travail, à travers une approche située des liens entre main-d’œuvre pénale et exploitation économique, ou encore de ceux entre enfermement et projets de développement. Il s’agit de cerner les enjeux en termes productifs, les ordres de justification en présence, et les effets sociaux, économiques et politiques de ces pratiques ainsi liées. Ce faisant, sans présupposer d’une continuité historique tout comme d’une homogénéité des situations à l’échelle de l’Afrique, cet article invite à soumettre à la discussion les discours contemporains sur la réforme de la prison par le recours au travail, et à inscrire leur sens et leur portée dans une temporalité plus longue.
Compréhension des problèmes arithmétiques additifs à plusieurs étapes et stratégies de résolution chez des élèves de cycle 3
Authors: Lebreton Olivier 
Published: February 2020

En nous situant dans le cadre du modèle de construction-intégration de Kintsch (1988,1998), la compréhension des problèmes arithmétiques additifs à plusieurs étapes ainsi que leur résolution par les élèves de cycle 3 sont étudiées à travers trois habillages différents : LIVRE, ARBRE et POISSON. De façon précise, deux facteurs sont testés : l’explicitation des sous-buts et le nombre d’objets impliqués. Les résultats obtenus confirment l’implication du processus de catégorisation et le principe de substituabilité davantage maîtrisé par les élèves plus âgés. La procédure de traitement séparé des items (PTS) est majoritairement utilisée par les élèves et ce sont ceux de 6 ème qui tirent profit des formulations distinctes des énoncés pour une augmentation significative de l’utilisation de la procédure traitement groupé des items (PTG).
Life history traits ofCoccophagus gossypariae(Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), a parasitoid of invasiveEriococcus spurius(Hemiptera: Eriococcidae) in field studies
Authors: Mader Caitlin , Watts Jim , Erbilgin Nadir 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEriococcus spurius(Modeer) (Hemiptera: Eriociccidae) is a pest of American elm (Ulmus americanaLinnaeus; Ulmaceae) trees in western North America, but no effective biological control agent has been reported. This study took place in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, where urban American elms have been heavily and negatively impacted byE. spurius. Although the parasitoidCoccophagus gossypariaeGahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) was recovered from anE. spuriusinfested American elm in Calgary, little is known about its ecology. Prior to implementing biological control, the basic ecology of a candidate species must be understood. We documented the geographic establishment, sex ratios, and parasitism rate ofC. gossyparaieon its host within the study area. Coccophagus gossypariaehad established at 89% of study trees sampled and accounted for 98% of the parasitoids caught. They had a female-biased sex ratio of 13.7 females per male, and both males and females developed to maturity using the host. We found evidence of a highly consistent aversion to superparasitism by females in the field. This first investigation established a baseline of information on field populations ofC. gossypariaethat could lead to biological control ofE. spurius.
Zebrafish GSDMEb Cleavage-Gated Pyroptosis Drives Septic Acute Kidney Injury In Vivo
Authors: Wang Zhuang , Gu Zhaoyan , Hou Qing , Chen Weijie , Mu Di , Zhang Yuanxing , Liu Qin , Liu Zhihong , Yang Dahai 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The bacteria LPS is one of the leading endotoxins responsible for sepsis; its sensing pathway–induced pyroptosis plays an important role in innate immunity. However, excessive pyroptosis might cause immunological diseases, even multiple organ failure and death by undefined mechanisms. Given that the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with sepsis causes significant morbidity and mortality, the mechanism of pyroptosis in regulating septic AKI remains unknown. In this study, we establish a zebrafish crispant in vivo analysis model and reveal that both caspy2 and gasdermin Eb (GSDMEb) contribute to lethal LPS-induced septic shock. Meanwhile, the in vitro analysis reveals that caspy2 activation can specifically cleave GSDMEb to release its N terminus to mediate pyroptosis, which functions as GSDMD in mammals. Interestingly, we establish an in vivo propidium iodide–staining method and reveal that the caspy2–GSDMEb signaling cascade is essential for enhancing renal tubular damage during lethal LPS-induced septic shock, whereas administration of the zebrafish-specific GSDMEb-derived peptide inhibitor Ac-FEID-CMK can attenuate mortality and septic AKI in vivo. Moreover, we confirm that either caspase-11 or GSDMD deficiency decreases both inflammatory cytokines and kidney dysfunction enzyme release and prolongs survival in a murine model of septic shock. Taken together, these findings demonstrate an evolutionary executor for pyroptosis in zebrafish and reveal that the pyroptosis of renal tubular cells is a major cause of septic AKI, and also provide an ideal in vivo screening model for potential antisepsis therapeutic strategies.
Pathway dependence of ecosystem responses in China to 1.5 °C global warming
Authors: Yue Xu , Liao Hong , Wang Huijun , Zhang Tianyi , Unger Nadine , Sitch Stephen , Feng Zhaozhong , Yang Jia 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. China is currently the world's largest emitter of both CO2 and
short-lived air pollutants. Ecosystems in China help mitigate a part of
the country's carbon emissions, but they are subject to perturbations in CO2, climate, and air pollution. Here, we use a dynamic vegetation model and data from three model inter-comparison projects to examine ecosystem responses in China under different emission pathways towards the 1.5 ∘C warming target set by the Paris Agreement. At 1.5 ∘C warming, gross primary productivity (GPP) increases by 15.5±5.4 % in a stabilized pathway and 11.9±4.4 % in a transient pathway. CO2 fertilization is the dominant driver of GPP enhancement and climate change is the main source of uncertainties. However, differences in ozone and aerosols explain the GPP differences between pathways at 1.5 ∘C warming. Although the land carbon sink is weakened by 17.4±19.6 % in the stabilized pathway, the ecosystems mitigate 10.6±1.4 % of national emissions in the stabilized pathway, more efficient than the fraction of 6.3±0.8 % in the transient pathway. To achieve the 1.5 ∘C warming target, our analysis suggests a higher allowable carbon budget for China under a stabilized pathway with reduced emissions in both CO2 and air pollutants.
High-resolution physical–biogeochemical structure of a filament and an eddy of upwelled water off northwest Africa
Authors: von Appen Wilken-Jon , Strass Volker H. , Bracher Astrid , Xi Hongyan , Hörstmann Cora , Iversen Morten H. , Waite Anya M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Nutrient-rich water upwells offshore of northwest Africa and is subsequently advected westwards. There it forms eddies and filaments with a rich spatial structure of physical and biological/biogeochemical properties. Here we present a high-resolution (2.5 km) section through upwelling filaments and an eddy obtained in May 2018 with a TRIAXUS towed vehicle equipped with various oceanographic sensors. Physical processes at the mesoscale and submesoscale such as symmetric instability, trapping of fluid in eddies, and subduction of low potential vorticity (which we use as a water mass tracer) water can explain the observed distribution of biological production and export. We found a nitrate excess (higher concentrations of nitrate than expected from oxygen values if only influenced by production and remineralization processes) core of an anticyclonic mode water eddy. We also found a high nitrate concentration region of ≈5 km width in the mixed layer where symmetric instability appears to have injected nutrients from below into the euphotic zone. Similarly, further south high chlorophyll-a concentrations suggest that nutrients had been injected there a few days earlier. Considering that such interactions of physics and biology are ubiquitous in the upwelling regions of the world, we assume that they strongly influence the productivity of such systems and their role in CO2 uptake. The intricate interplay of different parameters at the kilometer scale needs to be taken into account when interpreting single-profile and/or bottle data in dynamically active regions of the ocean.