bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Impact of Metastatic Site and Pattern in Patients with Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Bollig Craig A. , Newberry Christopher I. , Galloway Tabitha L. I. , Zitsch Robert P. , Hanly Elyse K. , Zhu Vivian L. , Pagedar Nitin , Nallani Rohit , Bur Andres M. , Spanos William C. , Jorgensen Jeffrey B. 
Published: October 2020

Objectives/HypothesisInvestigate the relationship between site and pattern of distant metastasis (DM) and overall survival (OS) in a multi‐institutional cohort of patients with DM head and neck cancer (HNC).Study DesignRetrospective review.Methods283 patients treated at 4 academic centers in the Midwest HNC Consortium between 2000 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Disease patterns were divided between solitary metastatic versus polymetastatic (≥2 sites) disease. Survival functions for clinically relevant variables were estimated using Kaplan‐Meier and Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsMedian OS for all patients was 9.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.4–10.6). Lung (n = 220, 77.7%) was the most common site of DM, followed by bone (n = 90, 31.8%), mediastinal lymph nodes (n = 55, 19.4%), liver (n = 41, 14.5%), and brain (n = 17, 6.0%). Bone metastases were independently associated with the worst prognosis (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.3–2.1). On univariate analysis, brain metastases were associated with improved prognosis (HR = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3–0.9), although this was not statistically significant on the multivariate analysis. Polymetastatic disease was present in the majority of patients (n = 230, 81.3%) and was associated with a worse prognosis compared to solitary metastatic disease (HR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.0–2.0).ConclusionOur large, multi‐institutional review indicates that both the metastatic pattern and site of DM impact OS. Polymetastatic disease and bone metastasis are associated with worse prognosis, independent of treatment received.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E1838–E1846, 2021
An evaluation of the effects of microstructural characteristics and frost heave on the remediation of saline‐alkali soils in the Yellow River Delta, China
Authors: Li Kesheng , Li Quanxin , Geng Yuhan , Liu Chuanxiao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the Yellow River Delta of China, soil salinization is of serious concern from both agricultural and environmental perspectives. In this study we investigated the microstructural characteristics of saline‐alkali soils in this region and explored the influence of frost heave on soil microstructure. Soil mineral composition, pore distribution, particle arrangement, and pore characteristics were measured using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Soil pore characteristics, overall porosity, and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) were measured at water content of 10, 15, 20, 25% (w/w) before and after freezing at −10°C. The results showed that deterioration of soil physical properties was largely caused by dense particle arrangement, high proportion of ultra‐micropore‐specific surface area, and poor pore distribution, rather than mineral content or particle size distribution. The microstructure of saline‐alkali soil was greatly improved by frost heave with the overall porosity and UCS of frost heave‐treated soil samples significantly higher than for the control. Moreover, particle cementation decreased with increasing soil water content. This study demonstrated that a combination of XRD, SEM, and MIP offers accurate evaluation of the microstructural characteristics of saline‐alkali soils, and frost heave may serve as an economically sustainable and technically feasible method for saline‐alkali soil amelioration in the Yellow River Delta.
Weed management for landscape scale restoration of global temperate grasslands
Authors: Humphries Talia , Florentine Singarayer K. , Dowling Kim , Turville Chris , Sinclair Steve 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGlobally, temperate grasslands have been significantly degraded as a result of urbanisation, grazing and agriculture. Weeds now dominate most of these ecosystems, resulting in the loss of ecosystem services, reduced carrying capacity for farmers, and reduction of habitat for native plants and animals. This paper reviews the literature relating to temperate grassland restoration efforts across the globe, noting which techniques and combinations have been used successfully to reduce weed dominance and promote native recruitment and establishment. This review concludes that, using a combination of four restoration techniques, provided the highest level of success, with the caveat that, ongoing weed management should be budgeted for in all projects. There is no single optimal method for restoration and weed control, with success depending on specific site conditions and the scope and aims of particular projects. However, any form of target plant transfer was observed to significantly enhance the restoration's success and reduce exotic plant biomass. There is clearly a need for an increase in long‐term monitoring of restoration projects in order to make more confident assumptions.
Magnetic field detection using fiber bundle and magnetic fluid as sensors
Authors: Samian  , Zaidan Andi H. , Arifianto Akbar S. , Pujiyanto  , Taufiq Ahmad 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe method for detecting magnetic fields based on magnetic fluid (MF) and fiber bundle was successfully demonstrated. The sensor works by measuring changes in the refractive index of MF due to changes in magnetic fields. Using MF with a concentration of 2.5%, the proposed sensor successfully detected a magnetic field in the range of 25.3 to 83.5 mT with a resolution of 3.3 mT.
Technical Note: Evaluating automatic tube current modulation in CT using the standard CTDI dosimetry phantom
Authors: Papadakis Antonios E. , Damilakis John 
Published: October 2020

PurposeTo assess the utility of the standard body CTDI phantom in characterizing the operation scheme of tube current modulation (TCM) systems in CT.MethodsThe body CDTI phantom was used to characterize two TCM systems: TCM1 and TCM2, implemented in scanners from different vendors. The phantom was aligned at the gantry isocenter in two configurations. In configuration A, the facet planes of the phantom were parallel to the patient table, while in configuration B they were vertical to the patient table and parallel to the patient’s long axis. Acquisitions were performed using the routine abdominal examination protocol. mA(z) profiles were recorded from images’ DICOM header. The water equivalent diameter (dw) and oval ratio (OR) were calculated as a function of z‐axis location. Image noise was defined as the standard deviation (SD) of the mean Hounsfield unit value measured in a region of interest at the center of the phantom’s image. Regression analysis was performed to modulated mA and SD vs dw and OR. The spatial concordance between the change in phantom size and change in mA (SCmA) was calculated as the percent difference in the slope of mA(z) change between the 1st and 2nd half of the phantom. The corresponding spatial concordance between the change in phantom size and change in image noise (SCnoise) was calculated.ResultsModulated mA(z) along the z‐axis did not substantially differentiate between configurations A and B. Correlation between ln(mA) and OR was found to be higher compared to correlation between ln(mA) and dw. SCmA was 48% for TCM1 and 33% for TCM2. The corresponding SCnoise was 29% for TCM1 and 16% for TCM2.ConclusionApart from routine CT dosimetry evaluations, the standard CTDI phantom positioned in configuration A or B may additionally be used by medical physicists to evaluate the performance of TCM operational characteristics.
Maternal Allocation of Lipids to Eggs by Southern Flounder after Diet Changes
Authors: Mejri Sahar , Burns Corinne M. , Hou Zhenxin , Fuiman Lee A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Maturation and spawning diets for flatfish broodstock, such as Southern Flounder Paralichthys lethostigma, have received little research attention, despite their critical role in the reproductive performance. During the spawning season, which is when Southern Flounder broodstock produce multiple egg batches, they rely on their diet to supply nutrients to the eggs. Lipids are an important class of nutrients for offspring development. The objective of this brief communication is to describe the changes in egg lipid classes during the spawning season following a diet change. Female broodstock were fed three diets after the first spawn (week 0)—a control diet (equal weights of Spanish Sardines Sardinella aurita and brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus), a shrimp-only diet, and a sardine-only diet (n = 3, 3, and 4, respectively)—for a period of 6 weeks and the lipid composition of the eggs was measured every 2 weeks. The change to a diet of sardines only or shrimp only altered the concentrations of egg lipid classes, indicating that egg composition is affected by maternal dietary intake over a period of 2 weeks or less. Females that were fed the sardine-only diet produced eggs with higher levels of ketones and acetone-mobile polar lipids and lower levels of hydrocarbons than did females that were fed shrimp, exhibiting changes that were consistent with the differences between the diets. The shift to the sardine-only diet had little effect on total lipids, triacylglycerols, free fatty acids, and sterols in the eggs. The change to the shrimp-only diet resulted in subtle but consistent decreases in all of the lipids, except wax/steryl esters at week 2, followed by gradual increases. This suggests that the shrimp-only diet provided insufficient nutrition and that the females mobilized stored lipids to compensate. These preliminary results revealed interesting patterns that, with further research, could lead to improved diets and feeding protocols for the production of Southern Flounder.
Evaluating Remote Site Incubators in Michigan Streams: Implications for Arctic Grayling Reintroduction
Authors: Mock Alan J. , Ruetz Carl R. , McNair James N. , Mays Dan , Martell Archie 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The successful use of remote site incubators (RSIs) to rear eggs of Arctic Grayling Thymallus arcticus along Montana streams has sparked interest in reestablishing the species in Michigan. As a preparatory step, we assessed the efficacy of RSIs by deploying them along three Michigan streams during 2 years using surrogate eggs from Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Our objectives were to (1) compare hatching success between two different RSI designs (19-L versus 265-L RSIs), (2) test whether the removal of dead eggs (“picking”) from 19-L RSIs affected hatching success, and (3) develop a simple model to predict fry yield and its uncertainty. Overall survival was 41.3% in 2018 and 52.4% in 2019. Differences in survival between unpicked 19-L and 265-L RSIs tended to be small, with mean differences from 4.82% (95% CI = –0.60 to +10.25) in 2018 to 0.08% (95% CI = –0.14 to +0.30) in 2019. On average, picked 19-L RSIs had greater, although not always statistically significant, survival than unpicked 19-L RSIs during both years (mean difference = 1.6% [2018] and 10.4% [2019]). We documented a significant positive correlation between survival and RSI flow rate. Survival abruptly declined in unpicked 19-L RSIs when RSI flow rates dropped below ~0.3 L/min, suggesting that removing dead eggs from 19-L RSIs likely increased survival when RSI flow rates were &lt;0.3 L/min. The most notable result from our fry yield model was that increasing the number of RSIs reduced the coefficient of variation in fry yield following a pattern of diminishing returns, suggesting two or three RSIs usually will be a good choice. We showed that 19-L and 265-L RSIs can be used successfully in Michigan streams, with our model providing a tool for managers to explore the relative importance of several properties of RSI design and operation on fry yield and uncertainty.
Increased risk of incident dementia following use of anticholinergic agents: A systematic literature review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Dmochowski Roger R. , Thai Sydney , Iglay Kristy , Enemchukwu Ekene , Tee Silvia , Varano Susann , Girman Cynthia , Radican Larry , Mudd Paul N. , Poole Charles 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground/rationaleLong‐term treatment with anticholinergic agents may increase the risk of cognitive impairment or dementia. This systematic literature review and meta‐analysis aimed to assess the impact of ≥3 months of exposure to anticholinergics as a class on the risk of dementia, mild cognitive impairment, and change in cognitive function. The impact of anticholinergic agents specifically used to treat overactive bladder was also evaluated.Materials and MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted to identify English language articles evaluating the impact of anticholinergic use for ≥3 months on dementia or cognitive function in adult patients. Databases searched included PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Meta‐analyses were conducted using random‐effects models; 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and 95% prediction intervals (PIs) were reported.ResultsA total of 2122 records were identified. Out of those, 21 studies underwent qualitative synthesis and 6 reported endpoints relevant for inclusion in a meta‐analysis assessing the risk of incident dementia. The overall rate ratio for incident dementia was 1.46 (95% CI: 1.17–1.81; 95% PI: 0.70–3.04; n = 6). The risk of incident dementia increased with increasing exposure (n = 3). In addition, two studies from the meta‐analysis reported an increased risk of dementia with ≥3 months of use of bladder antimuscarinics (adjusted odds ratios ranged from 1.21 to 1.65, depending on exposure category).ConclusionAnticholinergic use for ≥3 months increased the risk of dementia on average by an estimated 46% versus nonuse. This relationship was consistent in studies assessing overactive bladder medications. The risk of developing dementia should be carefully considered in the context of potential benefit before prescribing anticholinergics.
Receptor GPR91 contributes to voiding function and detrusor relaxation mediated by succinate
Authors: Mossa Abubakr , Velasquez‐Flores Monica , Cammisotto Philippe G. , Campeau Lysanne 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimSuccinate activates the receptor GPR91 identified in the bladder. The present study aims to unravel the mechanisms of bladder relaxation by succinate and how the receptor is involved in structural and functional changes of the bladder.MethodsPhysiological recordings of bladder function were carried out by cystometry and organ bath from C57BL/6 mice, homozygous GPR91−/− mice, and Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. GPR91 expression was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and tissue morphology was examined by light (Masson trichrome) and fluorescence microscopy. Nitric oxide (NO) and ATP secretion were measured.ResultsBladders of GPR91 KO mice had a greater mass to body weight ratio with a thicker bladder wall compared to C57BL/6 mice. They also displayed increased basal and maximal bladder pressures, and decreased intercontraction intervals, bladder capacity, micturition volume, and compliance. During cystometry, bladders of SD rats and C57BL/6 mice instilled with succinate (10 mM) showed signs of relaxation while bladders of GPR91 KO mice were unresponsive. Similarly, in organ bath, succinate relaxed bladder strips preincubated with carbachol, except GPR91 KO ones. Relaxation was stronger in the presence of urothelium and independent of NO synthesis. Bladder strips from all mice groups showed similar responses to KCl, carbachol, and electrical stimulation. In vitro, succinate increased NO secretion in urothelial cell culture of both C57BL6 and GPR91 KO mice while ATP secretion was potently decreased by succinate in C57BL6 culture only.ConclusionSuccinate through GPR91 is essential to bladder structure and contraction. GPR91 relaxes the detrusor partially by decreasing urothelial ATP secretion.
Did we do everything we could have? Nurses’ contributions to medicines optimization: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Logan Vera , Keeley Sarah , Akerman Kevin , De Baetselier Elyne , Dilles Tinne , Griffin Nia , Matthews Lisa , Van Rompaey Bart , Jordan Sue 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo explore UK professionals’ interpretations of medicines optimization and expansion of nurses’ roles.DesignThis mixed‐methods study sought professionals’ views on nurses’ involvement, competency and engagement in monitoring patients for adverse effects of medicines, monitoring adherence, prescribing and patient education.MethodAn online survey and interviews were undertaken with nurses, doctors and pharmacists in Wales and England, May 2018 to July 2019.ResultsIn all, 220 nurses, 17 doctors and 62 pharmacists responded to the online survey, and 24 professionals were interviewed. Nurses were divided over extending their roles, with 123/220 (55.9%) wishing to extend roles in monitoring patients for possible adverse drug reactions (ADRs), 111/220 (50.5%) in adherence monitoring, 121/220 (55.0%) in prescribing and 122/220 (55.4%) in patient education. The best‐qualified nurses were the most willing to increase involvement in monitoring patients for ADRs (aOR 13.00, 1.56–108.01). Interviews revealed that both nurses and doctors assumed the other profession was undertaking this monitoring. Respondents agreed that increasing nurses’ involvement in medicines optimization would improve patient care, but expressed reservations about nurses’ competencies. Collaboration between nurses and doctors was suboptimal (rated 7/10 at best) and between nurses and pharmacists even more so (6/10 at best).ConclusionJuxtaposition of datasets identified problems with medicines optimization: although most respondents agreed that increasing nurses’ involvement would positively impact practice, their educational preparation was a barrier. Only ~50% of nurses were willing to expand their roles to fill the hiatus in care identified and ensure that at least one profession was taking responsibility for ADR monitoring.ImpactTo improve multiprofessional team working and promote patient safety, nurse leaders should ensure patients are monitored for possible ADRs by at least one profession. Initiatives expanding nurses’ roles in medicines optimization and prescribing might be best targeted towards the more educated nurses, who have multidisciplinary support.
Infant temperament as a predictor of maternal attachment: A Jordanian study
Authors: Abuhammad Sawsan , AlAzzam Manar , AbuFarha Rana 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the relationship between maternal bonding and infant temperament during the first year of infant's life. Moreover, it also wanted to explore which perinatal factors could influence the quality of maternal attachment.MethodA cross‐sectional study design was used to collect data from a sample of 277 mothers during the period of May–October 2018. The participants were asked to complete a three‐part survey that was developed to collect data on maternal attachment and infant temperament. Data was collected between March 2019–June 2019.ResultsThe analysis of the data revealed that there was a significant relationship between infant temperament and maternal attachment [F(2, 95) = 6.783, p‐value = .001]. It also revealed that the factors that most influenced maternal attachment were infant temperament and planned pregnancy, which together explained 54% of the variance in maternal attachment (R2  =  7.5).ConclusionMaternal attachment in Jordanian mothers can be explained by two significant factors: infant temperament and planning for pregnancy.
Maternal Employment and Infant BMI z Score in a US Birth Cohort
Authors: Oddo Vanessa M. , Hoyo Cathrine , Østbye Truls , Benjamin‐Neelon Sara E. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the association between maternal employment and infant BMI z score.MethodsLongitudinal data from 520 mother‐infant dyads participating in the Nurture Study, an observational cohort in the southeastern United States, were leveraged. Women were categorized as employed or nonemployed at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, and measured anthropometrics were used to calculate infants’ BMI z scores at the corresponding time points. BMI z score was defined using the World Health Organization standard. Household income was an effect modifier. Therefore, income‐stratified (≤$40,000/y vs. >$40,000/y) linear regression models, with individual fixed effects, were used to examine associations between change in maternal employment status and BMI z scores among infants aged 3 to 12 months. Fixed effects controlled for time‐invariant confounders (race/ethnicity, infant gender). This study also controlled for marital status and infant age.ResultsMore women from higher‐income (68.4%) versus lower‐income households (52.6%) were employed. Among lower‐income households, change from nonemployment to employment was associated with higher infant BMI z scores (β = 0.12; 95% CI: −0.01 to 0.25, P = 0.07). Among higher‐income households, change in maternal employment status was associated with lower infant BMI z scores (β = −0.72; 95% CI: −1.17 to −0.27, P = 0.02).ConclusionsMaternal employment was related to infant adiposity. The direction of the association varied by household‐level income.
Do Patients Regret Having Received Systemic Treatment for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Prospective Evaluation
Authors: Hollen Patricia J. , Gralla Richard J. , Gentzler Ryan D. , Hall Richard D. , Coyne Bethany , Cheng Haiying , Halmos Balazs , Gildersleeve Jane , Calderon Claudia , Hinton Ivora , Weiss Geoffrey , Crawford Jeffrey , Cerise Jane , Lesser Martin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Thousands of patients annually receive treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but little is known about their views on the decision to receive that treatment, or regret. This trial prospectively evaluated the incidence of regret and whether baseline characteristics, patient decision-making parameters, or clinical progress early in the treatment course predicts regret.

Materials and Methods
Patients receiving systemic treatment for advanced NSCLC completed every 3-week patient reported outcome (PRO) assessment using the electronic Lung Cancer Symptom Scale (eLCSS-QL), including the 3-Item Global Index (3-IGI; assessing overall distress, activities, and quality of life [QL]). A prespecified secondary aim was to determine the frequency of regret evaluated at 3 months after starting treatment. Patients were randomized to usual care or enhanced care (which included use of the DecisionKEYS decision aid).

Results
Of 164 patients entered, 160 received treatment and 142 were evaluable for regret. In total, 11.5% of patients and 9% of their supporters expressed regret. Baseline characteristics did not predict regret; regret was rarely expressed by those who had a less than 20% decline or improvement in the 3-IGI PRO score after two treatment cycles. In contrast, when asked if they would make the same decision again, only 1% not having a 20% 3-IGI decline expressed regret, versus 14% with a 3-IGI decline (p = .01).

Conclusion
The majority of patients having regret were identified early using the PRO 3-IGI of the eLCSS-QL measure. Identifying patients at risk for regret allows for interventions, including frank discussions of progress and goals early in the treatment course, which could address regret in patients and their supporters.

Implications for Practice
This report documents prospectively, for the first time, the incidence of treatment-related regret in patients with advanced lung cancer and outlines that risk of regret is associated with patient-determined worsening health status early in the course of treatment. Identifying patients at risk for regret early in treatment (before the third cycle of treatment) appears to be crucial. Counseling at that time should include a discussion of consideration of treatment change and the reason for this change.