bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lung perfusion scintigraphy to detect chronic lung allograft dysfunction after living-donor lobar lung transplantation
Authors: Yamamoto Haruchika , Sugimoto Seiichiro , Kurosaki Takeshi , Miyoshi Kentaroh , Otani Shinji , Okazaki Mikio , Yamane Masaomi , Oto Takahiro , Toyooka Shinichi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBecause chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) develops predominantly on one side after bilateral living-donor lobar lung transplantation (LDLLT), lung perfusion scintigraphy (Q-scinti) was expected to show a perfusion shift to the contralateral unaffected lung with the development of CLAD. Our study examined the potential usefulness of Q-scinti in the diagnosis of CLAD after bilateral LDLLT. We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study of 58 recipients of bilateral LDLLT. The unilateral shift values on Q-scinti were calculated and compared between the CLAD group (N = 27) and the non-CLAD group (N = 31) from 5 years before to 5 years after the diagnosis of CLAD. The unilateral shift values in Q-scinti were significantly higher in the CLAD group than in the non-CLAD group from 5 years before the diagnosis of CLAD to 5 years after the diagnosis (P < 0.05). The unilateral shift values in Q-scinti were significantly correlated with the percent baseline values of the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (P = 0.0037), the total lung capacity (P = 0.0028), and the forced vital capacity (P = 0.00024) at the diagnosis of CLAD. In patients developing unilateral CLAD after bilateral LDLLT, Q-scinti showed a unilateral perfusion shift to the contralateral unaffected lung. Thus, Q-scinti appears to have the potential to predict unilateral CLAD after bilateral LDLLT.
In situ transformations during SLM of an ultra-strong TiC reinforced Ti composite
Authors: Dadbakhsh Sasan , Mertens Raya , Vanmeensel Kim , Ji Gang , Kruth Jean-Pierre 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis work demonstrates a successful in situ method capable of producing an ultra-strong novel Ti composite without aluminium and vanadium. In this method, selective laser melting is used to conduct in situ alloying and reinforcing of a Ti/10.5 wt% Mo2C powder mixture. It is shown that this leads to a metastable β-Ti matrix homogeneously reinforced by high aspect ratio, 50–200 nm wide and up to several micrometre long TiC whiskers. The transformations of the phases are controlled by decomposition, dissolution, diffusion, and reformation of constituents. The whisker morphology of in situ formed TiC particles is associated with directional crystal growth along the TiC<110> direction. The developed TiC reinforced β-Ti alloy combines a hardness over 500 HV, a Young’s modulus of 126 GPa, and an ultimate compressive strength of 1642 MPa. Improving the ductility of this composite is the subject of another work.
Radiological characterization of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) fat by X-ray micro-computed tomography
Authors: Ceballos-Francisco Diana , García-Carrillo Nuria , Cuesta Alberto , Esteban María Ángeles 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn fish, the fat content contributes to promoting the nutritional and organoleptic characteristics of the flesh, which is crucial for consumer acceptance. Methods to predict the fat in fish are important in nutritional and physiological research, where body content is traditionally determined by dissection followed by chemical analysis. However, X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) provides three-dimensional information in a non-destructive way. This work aims to characterize radiologically the fat, in situ, in a widely cultivated marine species, gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). To validate the method changes in fat content in a control group (fed) and another group (unfed for 60 days) were assessed. Fish images were acquired on an Albira SPECT/PET/CT preclinical-scanner. Image analysis and measurements were performed using the Carestream Molecular Imaging Albira CT system in conjunction with Pmod and Amide packages. By micro-CT analysis the density values were determined for the whole fish body (− 1,000 to + 2,500 HU, Hounsfield units), and density ranges for the fat in S. aurata were established from − 115 to + 50 HU. As expected, significant differences were found between fed and starved groups at 60 days. The present study confirms the usefulness of high-resolution morphological analysis for evaluating the presence and distribution of fat in this important fish species.
Effects of topical corticosteroids and lidocaine on Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in mouse skin: potential impact to human clinical trials
Authors: Lefeuvre Bastien , Cantero Paola , Ehret-Sabatier Laurence , Lenormand Cedric , Barthel Cathy , Po Chrystelle , Parveen Nikhat , Grillon Antoine , Jaulhac Benoit , Boulanger Nathalie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLyme borreliosis is the most prevalent vector-borne disease in northern hemisphere. Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato spirochetes are transmitted by Ixodes species ticks. During a blood meal, these spirochetes are inoculated into the skin where they multiply and often spread to various target organs: disseminated skin sites, the central nervous system, the heart and large joints. The usual diagnosis of this disease relies on serological tests. However, in patients presenting persistent clinical manifestations, this indirect diagnosis is not capable of detecting an active infection. If the serological tests are positive, it only proves that exposure of an individual to Lyme spirochetes had occurred. Although culture and quantitative PCR detect active infection, currently used tests are not sensitive enough for wide-ranging applications. Animal models have shown that B. burgdorferi persists in the skin. We present here our targeted proteomics results using infected mouse skin biopsies that facilitate detection of this pathogen. We have employed several novel approaches in this study. First, the effect of lidocaine, a local anesthetic used for human skin biopsy, on B. burgdorferi presence was measured. We further determined the impact of topical corticosteroids to reactivate Borrelia locally in the skin. This local immunosuppressive compound helps follow-up detection of spirochetes by proteomic analysis of Borrelia present in the skin. This approach could be developed as a novel diagnostic test for active Lyme borreliosis in patients presenting disseminated persistent infection. Although our results using topical corticosteroids in mice are highly promising for recovery of spirochetes, further optimization will be needed to translate this strategy for diagnosis of Lyme disease in patients.
Rapid and sensitive large-scale screening of low affinity extracellular receptor protein interactions by using reaction induced inhibition of Gaussia luciferase
Authors: Galaway Francis , Wright Gavin J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractExtracellular protein interactions mediated by cell surface receptors are essential for intercellular communication in multicellular organisms. Assays to detect extracellular interactions must account for their often weak binding affinities and also the biochemical challenges in solubilising membrane-embedded receptors in an active form. Methods based on detecting direct binding of soluble recombinant receptor ectodomains have been successful, but genome-scale screening is limited by the usual requirement of producing sufficient amounts of each protein in two different forms, usually a “bait” and “prey”. Here, we show that oligomeric receptor ectodomains coupled to concatenated units of the light-generating Gaussia luciferase enzyme robustly detected low affinity interactions and reduced the amount of protein required by several orders of magnitude compared to other reporter enzymes. Importantly, we discovered that this flash-type luciferase exhibited a reaction-induced inhibition that permitted the use of a single protein preparation as both bait and prey thereby halving the number of expression plasmids and recombinant proteins required for screening. This approach was tested against a benchmarked set of quantified extracellular interactions and shown to detect extremely weak interactions (KDs ≥ μM). This method will facilitate large-scale receptor interaction screening and contribute to the goal of mapping networks of cellular communication.
Establishment of a mouse model with all four clinical features of eosinophilic bronchitis
Authors: Chen Liyan , Li Chenhui , Peng Min , Xie Jiaxing , Lai Kefang , Zhong Nanshan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEosinophilic bronchitis (EB) is a clinical disease characterized by chronic cough, airway eosinophil infiltration, and responsive to steroid therapy but with the absence of airway hyperreactivity (AHR). This study established an EB mouse model with all the above features. First, 42 mice were divided into 7 groups to investigate the optimal time interval between cough and AHR detections. Afterward, 28 mice were divided into the asthma, EB, normal saline (NS), and dexamethasone (DXM) groups. Mice were challenged using nasal drops of 200 µg ovalbumin (OVA), 10 µg OVA, NS, or intraperitoneal injections of 5 mg/kg of DXM one hour prior to 10 µg OVA challenge. Airway reactivity was measured 6 h after cough was observed. The frequency of coughs in the asthma and EB groups increased significantly compared to mice in the NS group. After DXM administration, frequency of coughs was significantly decreased compared to mice in the asthma and EB groups. Lung resistance in the asthma group was significantly higher compared to mice in the NS, EB, and DXM groups. Obvious airway eosinophilic inflammation in BALF and lung tissues were observed in the asthma and EB groups, while DXM administration could attenuate airway inflammatory infiltration. In summary, we developed a mouse EB model with all four clinical features of EB by the administration of 10 µg OVA nasal drops.
Testing algal-based pCO2 proxies at a modern CO2 seep (Vulcano, Italy)
Authors: Witkowski Caitlyn R. , van der Meer Marcel T. J. , Smit Nadine T. , Sinninghe Damsté Jaap S. , Schouten Stefan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUnderstanding long-term trends in atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (pCO2) has become increasingly relevant as modern concentrations surpass recent historic trends. One method for estimating past pCO2, the stable carbon isotopic fractionation associated with photosynthesis (Ɛp) has shown promise over the past several decades, in particular using species-specific biomarker lipids such as alkenones. Recently, the Ɛp of more general biomarker lipids, organic compounds derived from a multitude of species, have been applied to generate longer-spanning, more ubiquitous records than those of alkenones but the sensitivity of this proxy to changes in pCO2 has not been constrained in modern settings. Here, we test Ɛp using a variety of general biomarkers along a transect taken from a naturally occurring marine CO2 seep in Levante Bay of the Aeolian island of Vulcano in Italy. The studied general biomarkers, loliolide, cholesterol, and phytol, all show increasing depletion in 13C over the transect from the control site towards the seep, suggesting that CO2 exerts a strong control on isotopic fractionation in natural phytoplankton communities. The strongest shift in fractionation was seen in phytol, and pCO2 estimates derived from phytol confirm the utility of this biomarker as a proxy for pCO2 reconstruction.
Precursor-based surface modification of cathodes using Ta and W for sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries
Authors: Lim Chung Bum , Park Yong Joon 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSulfide ionic conductors are promising candidates as solid electrolytes for all-solid-state batteries due to their high conductivity. However, interfacial instability between cathodes and sulfide electrolytes still remains a challenge because sulfides are highly reactive. To suppress undesirable side reactions at the cathode/sulfide electrolyte interface, the surface of the cathode has been modified using stable coating materials. Herein, a precursor based (PB) surface modification using Ta and W is introduced as an effective approach for the formation of a suitable cathode coating layer. Through heat-treatment of the PB surface modification, the source materials (Ta or W) coated on the precursors diffused into the cathode and acted as a dopant. Formation of the surface coating layer was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) depth profiles and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images. The PB surface modified electrodes showed higher capacity, improved rate capability and enhanced cyclic performance compared to those of the pristine electrode. The impedance value of the cells dominantly decreased after cycling due to the modification effect. Moreover, considering the XPS analysis, undesirable reaction products that formed upon cycling were reduced by PB surface modification. These results indicate that PB surface modification using Ta and W effectively suppresses undesirable side reactions and stabilizes the cathode/sulfide electrolyte interface, which is a synergic effect of the doping and coating attributed to Ta and W.
Impact ionization and intervalley electron scattering in InSb and InAs induced by a single terahertz pulse
Authors: Ašmontas Steponas , Bumelienė Skaidra , Gradauskas Jonas , Raguotis Romas , Sužiedėlis Algirdas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractElectronic properties of InSb and InAs are sensitive to electric field due to their narrow forbidden energy gaps and big difference in effective masses of electrons in different conduction band valleys. Here we report impact ionization processes and redistribution of electrons between the Γ, L and X valleys induced by a single ultrashort terahertz (THz) pulse at 80 K temperature. Monte Carlo simulation revealed that electron motion in this case has near ballistic character. The threshold electric field of impact ionization increases as the THz pulse gets shorter, and the process of impact ionization essentially raises cooling rate of hot electrons. The L valley gets mainly occupied by electrons in InSb while the X valley holds the majority of electrons in InAs at strong electric fields, respectively above 20 kV/cm and 90 kV/cm. The calculated results are in good agreement with the available experimental data.
Approximating the maximum tibial coverage in total knee arthroplasty does not necessarily result in implant malrotation
Authors: Shao Long , Wu Xiang-Dong , Wang Ting , Liu Xiao-Kang , Xu Wei , Huang Wei , Zeng Zhi-Min 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTraditionally, the practice of the tibial component placement in total knee arthroplasty has focused on achieving maximum coverage without malrotation. However, the concept of maximizing coverage has not been well defined or researched and yet biased results are often produced. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a prioritizing maximum coverage positioning strategy on the rotational alignment by using a strict computer algorithm. Computed tomographic scans of 103 tibial specimens were used to reconstruct three-dimensional tibia models. A virtual surgery was performed to generate the resection plane with a posterior slope of 7° on the proximal tibia. Symmetrical and anatomical tibial components were placed and analyzed with an automated program designed for approximating the maximum coverage based on the coherent point drift algorithm. We found that the average tibial coverage achieved across all specimens and implants was 85.62 ± 3.65%, ranging from 83.64 ± 4.10% to 86.69 ± 3.07%. When placed for maximal tibial coverage, the mean degree of rotation related to the Insall line was − 0.73° ± 4.53° for all subjects, 23% of the tibial components were malrotated. The average percentage position of the baseplate anteroposterior axis over the patellar tendon was 26.95 ± 14.71% from the medial edge. These results suggest that with specific design and proper placement of the component, approximating the maximum tibial coverage in total knee arthroplasty does not necessarily result in implant malrotation. The current tibial baseplates have shown good performance on the coverage when aligned parallel to the Insall line with the anteroposterior axis positioned between the medial 1/3 and medial 1/6 of the patella tendon.
Quality of Life Outcomes Reported by Patients and Significant Others Following Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Shao Diana , Moberly Aaron C. , Ray Christin 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
This study tested the hypotheses that both patients receiving cochlear implants (CIs) and their significant others (SOs) would demonstrate improvements in perceived hearing handicap over time following cochlear implantation and that the SOs would demonstrate delayed patterns of perceived improvement compared to the patients who directly experienced the changes in hearing function provided by the CI.

Method
A study sample of 19 pairs of postlingually deafened adult candidates with CIs and their SOs answered questions about the patients' hearing handicap. Patient- and SO-reported scores were obtained preoperatively and at 1, 3, and 6 months after CI activation. The study hypotheses were tested using linear mixed-effects models.

Results
Patients and SOs independently reported improvements on self-reported hearing handicap measures at 1, 3, and 6 months post CI activation compared to preoperatively. Correlations between patient- and SO-reported scores were significant at all intervals; however, the asynchrony between pairs at 1 month postactivation was greater in magnitude compared to the other intervals.

Conclusions
Findings support the hypotheses of the study. Results should inform future clinical practice and research to guide the expectations of patients and their SOs as they adjust to hearing with a CI and experience various benefits and challenges over time.
Operationsindikationen bei neuroendokrinen Neoplasien des Pankreas
Authors: Bösch Florian , Belyaev Orlin , Brunner Maximilian , Müller-Debus Charlotte Friederieke , Grützmann Robert , Keck Tobias , Uhl Waldemar , Witzigmann Helmut , Werner Jens ,   Olga Radulova-Mauersberger
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungNeuroendokrine Neoplasien des Pankreas (pNEN) haben aufgrund ihrer ansteigenden Inzidenz und Prävalenz eine zunehmende klinische Bedeutung. Ihr Erscheinungsbild variiert sehr stark, da manche dieser Tumoren Hormone sezernieren. Ihnen gemeinsam ist die Tendenz zur frühen Metastasierung. Dennoch ist die Tumorgröße, neben der Graduierung, ein wichtiger prognostischer Marker. Anhand einer systematischen Literaturrecherche und der Formulierung von konkreten Schlüsselfragen nach dem PICO-Schema sind Therapieempfehlungen formuliert worden. Durch die Befragung im Delphi-Verfahren unter den Mitgliedern der „Arbeitsgruppe Pankreas“ und der „Arbeitsgruppe Indikationsqualität“ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie erstellten wir sodann evidenzbasierte Therapieempfehlungen für Patienten mit einem pNEN. Die chirurgische Resektion dieser Tumoren stellt das einzige potenzielle kurative Verfahren dar. Sporadische wie auch hereditäre pNEN > 2 cm stellen eine Operationsindikation dar, unabhängig von ihrer funktionellen Aktivität. Bei kleineren Tumoren kann u. U. auch ein abwartendes Verhalten indiziert sein. Anhand der aktuellen Daten ist eine Empfehlung hierzu aber nicht grundsätzlich zu geben und auch pNEN von 1 – 2 cm Größe sind daher eine relative Operationsindikation. Hereditäre pNEN stellen eine interdisziplinäre Herausforderung dar und diese Patienten sollten gemeinsam an einem Zentrum für neuroendokrine Tumoren betreut werden. Patienten mit Fernmetastasen sind nicht grundsätzlich als palliativ anzusehen, da neben der Metastasenchirurgie auch Debulking-Operationen indiziert sein können.
Machine Learning and Learning Machines: KI in der Aus- und Weiterbildung
Authors: Felińska Eleni Amelia , Wagner Martin , Müller-Stich Beat Peter , Nickel Felix 
Published: June 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) geht Hand in Hand mit der Digitalisierung der chirurgischen Aus- und Weiterbildung und wird in der Zukunft immer mehr an Bedeutung gewinnen. Die Anforderungen an KI in der chirurgischen Aus- und Weiterbildung sind vielfältig – genauso vielfältig sind ihre Einsatzmöglichkeiten. KI wird zunehmend im chirurgischen Curriculum berücksichtigt, auch wenn sie manchmal nicht auf den ersten Blick erkennbar ist und durch ihre Algorithmen eher im Hintergrund agiert. Die modernen digitalen Lehrmethoden und Sensortechnik eröffnen neue Wege für die Einbindung der KI in die chirurgische Aus- und Weiterbildung. Die ersten Schritte sind bereits implementiert – KI unterstützt die Erstellung von digitalem Bildmaterial zu Lehrzwecken oder erfasst mithilfe von Sensortechnik die chirurgische Leistung, um diese zu analysieren. Diverse Virtual- und Augmented-Reality-Simulatoren werden nicht nur als effektive Trainingswerkzeuge genutzt, sondern stellen vielmehr wertvolle Quellen für chirurgische Daten dar. All dies birgt enormes Potenzial für neue Erkenntnisse im Bereich der Lehrforschung, was zur Entwicklung von hocheffektiven und evidenzbasierten Lehrkonzepten beiträgt.
KI und neue Wege der Care-Navigation
Authors: Hirsch Martin C. 
Published: June 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDigitale medizinische Intelligenz in den Taschen von Bürgern eröffnet neue Chancen der Patienten-Navigation – gerade auch in Zeiten von Epidemien. Hierin liegt eine historische Chance für das Gesundheitssystem als Ganzes und eine neue Rolle für die Universitätsmedizin.
KI-Anwendungen in der Patientenversorgung heute und morgen
Authors: Kleemann Markus 
Published: June 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGSeit der Konzeption des Turing-Testes 1950 von Alan Turing und über die Beschreibung und Entwicklung erster künstlicher neuronaler Netzwerke 1951 durch Minsky, wenden wir im Jahr 2020 Methoden der Künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) regelhaft an, ohne dass uns dies bewusst ist. Navigationssysteme, automatische Übersetzungssysteme, die Spracherkennung in den Mobiltelefonen oder der Hochgeschindigkeitshandel an den Börsen verwenden heute bereits Methoden des sog. maschinellen Lernens. Die Entwicklung der kommenden Dekaden ist derzeit noch nicht abzuschätzen. Experten stellen für die Anwendung von künstlicher Intelligenz nicht mehr in Frage, ob sie kommt, sondern differieren nur noch in den unterschiedlichen Annahmen wann sie kommt.Die ersten weit verbreiteten Anwendungen der KI werden wahrscheinlich in Form von Computer-Augmentation der menschlichen Leistungsfähigkeit sein. In Zukunft wird ein Chirurg feststellen, dass die AI-Analyse von bevölkerungs- und patientenspezifischen Daten jede Phase der Versorgung ergänzen wird. Eine automatisierte Analyse aller präoperativen mobilen und klinischen Daten könnte einen patientenspezifischeren Risikoscore für die operative Planung liefern und wertvolle Prädiktoren für die postoperative Versorgung bieten. Im Vordergrund stehen für klinisch tätige Ärzte unter dem Stichwort Digitalisierung und Health IT vornehmlich Aspekte der Patientensicherheit, der sicheren Anwendung von KI-Algorithmen per se und der Datensicherheit. Um die klinische Akzeptanz von KI-Anwendungen zukünftig zu erhöhen, sind curriculäre und extracurrikuläre Ausbildungen aufseiten des medizinischen Personals notwendig. Der notwendige Kompetenzerwerb verlangt eine aktive Auseinandersetzung mit den Kernthemen der digitalen Transformation.
Successful Outcomes following Repair of a Type A Aortic Dissection during Pregnancy
Authors: Akhmerov Akbarshakh , D'Attellis Nicola , Shah Aamir S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractType A aortic dissections during pregnancy are rare but lethal events, with reported mortalities as high as 60%. Unique changes in hemodynamics, hormone-related alterations in aortic tissue, and preexisting risk factors place patients at an elevated risk for dissection. We report a successful repair of a Type A aortic dissection at 32 weeks of gestation, with excellent outcomes in both mother and child. This report highlights the importance of gestational age and multidisciplinary effort.