bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy Self-Adaptive Sliding Mode Control for Pneumatic Cylinder Rod-Piston Motion Precision Control.
Authors: Iskandar Putra Mohd , Irawan Addie , Mohd Taufika Raja 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the Fuzzy Self-Adaptive Sliding Mode Controller (FSASMC) designed to control a pneumatic cylinder rod-piston motion and precision. The pneumatic system is widely used in the industry due to its advantages such as high weight to power ratio, high traveling speed, clean fluid medium, and cost-effective in terms of price and maintenance. However, due to the high nonlinearity behavior of pneumatic system, the position control of the pneumatic system is still a challenging task. The most critical part of controlling the pneumatic system with various motion is in giving a stable pressure in chambers, while the rod-piston motion is precisely controlled with any shape of inputs with minimum friction. Therefore, FSASMC is proposed to cater to this matter with fast responses through Sliding Mode Control (SMC) and dynamic stability in pressures through Fuzzy Self-adaptive tuning using Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC). The proposed control system is verified, and analysis was emphasized on steady-state error, velocity, pressure in pneumatic cylinder chambers, and frictional force. Simulation results show that the proposed controller approach performing fast-tracking error on pneumatic rod-piston motion with a very low steady-state error, no oscillation and stable in air pressures.
Automated Asian Fruit Grading System Using Stereo Vision Technique
Authors: Abd Rashid Anith Nuraini , Amir Faizal , Ramlan Siti Azura , Harron Nur Athiqah , Mohd Saod Aini Hafizah 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In Malaysia, most of fruit planters are still using the conventional methods of inspection and grading their products by manual weightage measurement and visual inspection. Conventional methods rely on human eyes to perform the grading which leads to unproductive system and lack of data management. Therefore, in this study, an automated weight grading system is proposed to perform the grading system via size measurement using stereo vision system and image processing. The fruit selected to verify the system proposed performance were fruit samples provided by MARDI Bukit Tangga located in Kedah, Malaysia. In the vision system, triangulation method is used where the samples were graded more accurately using two cameras to form a stereo vision system. The image capture through the vision system processed using multiple image processing steps such as image segmentation, sobel edge sensor and multiple morphological operation. The relationship between weight and area of fruits done via regression methods with adjusted R-square of 0.9823. Using this goodness of fit, weight estimation can be executed with Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 6.811. Overall, fruit grading system with the stereo vision of a low-cost web camera implementation has successfully performed with the accuracy of 85.65% and a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 6.551%.
Band Gap Narrowıng of Mg1-xCuxO Nanostructured Materials
Authors: Badar Nurhanna , Kamarulzaman Norlıda , Chayed Nor Fadılah , Elong Kelımah , Yahaya Subban Ri Hanum 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The band gap energies of MgO nanostructured can be tuned to a suitable value needed for various applications by substitution with dopant element. The study on doped compounds is to investigate band gap changes in the new materials. In this work, MgO and its doped materials Mg1-xCuxO (x = 0.02, 0.04, 0.06) were synthesized using a combustion method. The phase and purity of materials were studied using X-Ray diffraction (XRD). The morphology and crystallites size of the materials were examined by a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). It was found that the synthesis route using triethanolamine for the combustion synthesis is suitable in obtaining pure and single phase MgO and Mg1-xCuxO nanostructured. The presence of doped element, Cu in the MgO had caused changes in morphologies and crystallite size of the materials. The band gap energy of the materials was measured using a UV-Vis NIR spectrophotometer. The absorption edges of Mg1-xCuxO were observed to shift to the right with respect to those of MgO as the Cu content increases, implying that band gap narrowing occurred in the materials.
Microstructure Study of Calcium Manganese Oxide (CaMnO3) as Perovskite Materials
Authors: Nurhaziqah A M S , Afiqah I Q , Hisam Abd. Aziz Mohd Fazrul , Aziz N A Nik , Zalani Daud Muhamad , Hasiah S , Nurhayati I 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The use of metal oxide as an n-type semiconductor behavior is one of the important material in solar cells. Among the materials, these researches focus on perovskite structure of CaMnO3. The single phase of CaMnO3 synthesised by citrate method were studied for the microstructure of CaMnO3. The perovskite structure of CaMnO3 was characterized by using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Results indicated that the single phase of CaMnO3 was revealed by XRD analysis. The specific interactions in the metal oxide and hence about the complexation led by FTIR. The morphological structure of the samples was studied by SEM, which confirmed the XRD analysis. While TGA analysis affirmed the CaMnO3 was formed.
Rapid Reduction of Graphene Oxide Thin Films on Large-Area Silicon Substrate
Authors: Masrie M , Badaruddin SAM , Hussin MRM , Nor NMRM , Joe J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Graphene oxide thin films were fabricated on 8-inch silicon/silicon dioxide (Si/SiO2) wafers for nanoelectronic applications. The fabrication was performed using an ultrasonic spray coating method and reduced by rapid thermal processing (RTP). The micrometer-sized droplets from an ultrasonic spray of stable dispersion Graphene Oxide (GO) in ethanol form uniforms films on large-area silicon substrates. Optical microscope images clearly showed uniform thin films resulting from the overlapped of GO dispersion droplets. The chemical and structural parameter characterization were performed by field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The spray coating process using an ultrasonic atomizer system with optimum parameters and the thermal reduction process using RTP at 1100 °C produces low sheet resistance values ranging from 1 to 4 kOhms/sq with non-uniformity less than 20%.
High-k LaxCeyOz for Passivation of Si Substrate
Authors: Quah Hock Jin , Cheong Kuan Yew , Lockman Zainovia , Hassan Zainuriah , Lim Way Foong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
High dielectric constant rare earth lanthanum cerium oxide (LaxCeyOz) films have been studied as the passivation layers for silicon substrate. Effects of post-deposition annealing time (15, 30, and 45 min) at 700°C towards capacitance-voltage characteristics of the films were investigated. As the annealing time was increased from 15 to 45 min, negative flatband voltage shift was observed, signifying the presence of positive charges in the samples. Interface trap density value calculated for the samples has shown to be the lowest for the film annealed for 45 min, owing to the presence of silicate interfacial layer to improve the overall interfacial quality.
Structural Characterization on Different Type of Silicon Wafer on The Formation of Porous Silicon Structure
Authors: Abd Wahab Nurul Hanida , Abd Rahim Alhan Farhanah , Mahmood Ainorkhilah , Mohmad Salleh Siti Hajar , Radzali Rosfariza , Yusof Yushamdan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A set of n-type and p-type porous silicon (PS) layers were fabricated by photoelectrochemical etching using direct current (DC) and pulse current (PC) techniques. The study aims to compare the effect of different wafer type on the formation of the PS structure. The samples were etched in a solution of HF:C2H6O with a composition ratio of 1:4. All the samples were etched at a current density of J = 10 mA/cm2 for 30 minutes. During the PC etching process, the current was supplied through a pulse generator with 14 ms cycle time (T) which the on time (Ton) set to 10 ms and pause time (Toff) set to 4 ms respectively. The samples were then being characterized in terms of surface morphology by using FESEM, EDX, AFM and XRD. The FESEM results indicates that the p-type porous silicon structure produces more uniform structure as compared to the n-type porous silicon structure. On the other hand, XRD results shows that the intensity of p-type porous silicon exhibited higher intensity as compared to n-type porous silicon for both etching techniques applied for fabricating the porous structure.
Effect of varying thermal annealing temperatures on the surface and electrical properties of Mg-doped GaN
Authors: Mohd Hanafiah Noor Afifa , Hassan Zainuriah , Foong Lim Way , Ibrahim Norasmida , Alias Ezzah Azimah , Ahmad Mohd Anas , Atiqah Hamzah Nur , Mohd Asri Rahil Izzati 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Gallium nitride (GaN)-based light emitting diodes (LEDs) have been widely used to produce blue light that, with phosphor, is converted into white light for every-day applications. Despite its high efficiency, the performance of GaN based LEDs is limited by the low electrical conductivity of magnesium (Mg)-doped GaN due to the high activation energy of Mg (140 – 200 meV) as well as the presence of magnesium-hydride (Mg-H) complex, which may passivate Mg as an acceptor. In this study, the efficacy of thermal annealing treatment at temperatures in the range of 550 - 850°C was investigated to activate metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) grown Mg-doped GaN. Changes in the roughness and surface morphology was observed between the varied annealing temperatures by atomic force microscopy (AFM) while X-ray diffraction (XRD) data acts as supporting information for structural quality. Hall effect characterization was conducted to determine electrical properties of the annealed samples. In this study, a correlation between the resistivity and surface roughness trends was observed through the acquisition of an insight into the lattice distortion affecting the material conductivity that occurred specifically at temperatures above 750 °C.
Measurement of mass attenuation coefficient of polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL) as breast tissue equivalent material in the photon energy range of 16.61–25.26 keV
Authors: Oyiwoja Okoh Franca , Ahmad Kabir Norlaili , Mohd Yusof Mohd Fahmi , Azizah Abdullah Siti Nor 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Medical physics phantom is commonly designed to mimic physical properties of human tissue. Phantom is widely used to provide quantitative and qualitative information upon its interaction with ionizing radiation in medical imaging, radiation dosimetry and treatment planning procedures. This study was carried out to fabricate a potential medical physics phantom material for mammography using polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL). The mass attenuation coefficients (μ/ρ ) of the PVAL gel samples were calculated based on the measurement of attenuation coefficient studies with low photon energy. The gel samples were prepared at 4 concentrations (5, 10, 15 and 20 %) of PVAL solution. Single photon beam transmission in the energy range between 16.61 and 25.26 keV was used to determine the μ/ρ of the PVAL gel. The low photon energy was chosen as the effective energy used in mammography is in a range between 17.5 to 22.6 keV. This was achieved by using the X-ray fluorescent (XRF) configuration. The experimental μ/ρ were compared with theoretical values of water and breast tissue calculated by using the XCOM computer program. The measured value of μ/ρ of the PVAL gels agreed with the XCOM values of water and breast tissue. The 5% and 10% PVAL gel samples were the closest to water while the 20% PVAL was the closest to breast tissue.
Observed changes in fire patterns and possible drivers over Central Africa
Authors: Jiang Yan , Zhou Liming , Raghavendra Ajay 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Fire is an integral part of Earth’s system that links regional and global biogeochemical cycles, human activities, and ecosystems. Global estimates for biomass burning indicate that Africa is responsible for ~70% of global burned area and ~50% of fire-related carbon emissions. Previous studies have documented an overall decline in burned area in the African continent, but changes in fire patterns, such as the frequency and size of different fire categories, have not been assessed. In this study, long-term fire trends were investigated using the latest burned area data from the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Global Fire Emission Database (GFED4s) over Central Africa (10°E–40°E, 15°N–15°S). A 3D (latitude, longitude, time) connected-component labeling algorithm was applied to identify individual fires and their sizes. The results show a decline in burned area by 2.7–3.2 Mha yr−1 (~1.3% yr−1) for the period 2003–2017, particularly in northern Central Africa. This decline was attributed to significant decreases in both fire frequency and size, particularly for large fires (>100 ha) which contribute to ~90% of the total burned area. Burned area declined in tropical savannas and grasslands but increased at the edges of the Congolese rainforest. A random forest regression model was applied to quantify the influences of climatic conditions, fuel availability, and agricultural activity on burned area changes. Overall, suppressed fuel, increased dry season length, and decreased rainfall contributed to significant declines in burned area in savannas and grasslands. At the edges of the southern Congolese rainforest, suppressed rainfall and warmer temperature were responsible for the increased burned area.
Analysis of Environmental Vulnerability Using Satellite Imagery and Geographic Information System in Coal Mining Area Planning at Banjar Regency
Authors: Nurlina  , Ridwan Ichsan , Hadi Haryanti Ninis , Hanik Umi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
It has been done research of environmental vulnerability degradation in coal mining area planning using satellite imagery and Geographic Information System. Vulnerability of environmental degradation is the condition of areas that has potential to damage the environment because of human activities or activity that has potential to cause environmental impacts. Monitoring of environmental degradation can be done to determine the ecological vulnerabilities so as to predict and overcome the future events. The development of remote sensing technology and geographic information systems can facilitate the spatial analysis especially environmental degradation. This research was done to map the vulnerability of environmental degradation in coal mining area planning in Banjar regency and classify environmental damage in the area. The analysis based on scoring and weighting of each index resulting ecological vulnerability index (EVI). The results of the overlay and weighting using weighted summation model’s method in coal mining area planning was plotted into four types of zone, i.e., appropriate exploitation zone, optimized exploitation zone, needs to monitoring exploitation zone, and recommended not to be exploitation zone. Thus, the classification of environmental damage in the coal mining area planning of which are moderate to severe erosion, surface runoff in the watershed, moderate salinity resulting in soil degradation, vegetation does not grow well and loss of recharge area.
Effect of Land Mounding on Seedling Growth of Gemor (Nothaphoebe coriacea, Kosterm.) on Peat Swamp Forest
Authors: Budi Santosa Purwanto , Andriani Susy , Ardhana Adnan , Syaifuddin  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
One of potential non-timber forest products (NTFPs) that has became a livelihood for communities around peat swamp forests in Central Kalimantan is gemor (Nothaphoebe coriacea). However, the cultivation of this species is lack of information. In the practice of establishing plantations, land preparation is one of the most important factors. This study examined the effects of site preparation treatments (non-mounding and mounding) on the performance of N. coriacea seedlings. The study was carried out in secondary peat swamp forest in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. N. coriaceae planting was carried out by line planting (± 3 meters wide) and the light intensity of ± 50%. Land preparation of non-mounding (P0) was carried out on the surface of peatlands. Mounding land preparation (P1) was done by placing a sack filled with peat, with dimensions of ± 25 cm high, 35 cm wide and 50 cm long. Data was analyzed using t-test. The results showed that the preparation of plant land gave relatively similar growth between mound and non-mound on N. coriacea from generative seedlings.
Permaculture Technology in Tropical Freshwater Swamp
Authors: Krisdianto  , Slamat  , Anshari Fahmi , Susilawati Ika Oksi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Tropical freshwater swampy in Barito River Basin has not been often for study, mainly due to inaccessibility and the insect-borne diseases. Nevertheless, the swamp has been for living areas Banjarese for many centuries. The swampy not just for agriculture plantation or animal cultivation areas, but also for living areas. This research from 2017 – 2019 aims to collect information about local people use green natural resources for sustainable uses and fluctuation of physical and chemical factors. Data was collected from eleven villages within six regencies by interviewing about 600 people who work directlyfor using natural resources in agriculture, farming or plantation. Physico-chemical factors information is gathered by directly measuring or collecting from government agents. In conclusion, more than 70% of interviewees inform that their knowledge decent from their parents or grandparent who educate them and they also develop their skills practical by learning by doing and developing green natural technology for daily life and earn their income in extreme wetland environments both in monsoon.
To investigate the variation in Swirl Ratio by changing the Valve Lift of an Internal Combustion Engine
Authors: Nath Devang S. , Kumar Naveen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In today’s scenario, humans are facing the issue of the global pollution crisis and the authorities worldwide have implemented stringent norms. Poor air quality has a hazardous impact on the lives of the people. The major emissions from exhaust pipe contain Particulate Matter (PM), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and greenhouse gases which exploit the environment due to which the air quality index is degrading. Furthermore, these exhaust gases can trigger acute diseases in humans like headaches, nausea, fatigue, etc. A huge amount of research and development is being carried out on reducing the harmful emissions by changing the properties of fuels, and geometry or mechanical changes in the engine itself can further hold on the emissions well within the range. One of the methods is to improve the swirl formed in the combustion chamber. Swirl motion is the intentional spinning of the air that promotes even mixing of fuel and air when fuel is introduced to the cylinder during intake. Better swirl formed helps in efficient combustion which subsequently leads to lesser emissions. This research paper studies the change in swirl ratio by varying the valve lift of an internal combustion engine. The observations were made through simulations done in ANSYS™ 17.0 FLUENT using Cold Flow Simulation in IC ENGINE module. Meaningful curves of swirl ratio obtained for different valve lifts are then compared.
Analysis on the Behaviour of Stiffened and Unstiffened Steel Plate Shear Walls with Enhanced Performance
Authors: Verma Isha , Setia Saraswati , Berwal Parveen , Goel Rajesh , Singh Vikram 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Steel Plate Shear Walls (SPSWs) are utilized for frameworks apposing lateral load for new as well as retrofit developments. For the most part, the shear walls made of thin plates are utilized, however for smaller loads it exhibits buckling resulting in a hysteretic behavior that is highly pinched. So as to lessen the buckling, holes are made in steel plate. Most of the studies provide either a circular or a rectangular hole in the steel plates. Hence we propose an elliptical hole which would improve the performance of the SPSW. This study develops and analyses the performance of a stiffened and unstiffened SPSW model with and without opening in the steel wall.
Analysis of Human Olfactory Receptor system using Fractal Dimension
Authors: Rout Ranjeet Ku , Umer Saiyed , Pati Smitarani , Pali Harveer Singh 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
An extensive diverseness of chemicals having discrete odours can be identified by Humans. On the basis of various deviation of development of proposed model on olfactory receptor of Human database has been proposed. There are very large family of ORs sequences for example rat, Human, chimpanzee and mouse etc. In this paper we work up on the Human OR genes, as very few experimental/quantitative works have been done for different species. It is very difficult to identify a DNA sequence whether belongs to a particular family or not, without any valid biological validation. In our viewpoint, an appropriate understanding of these Human olfactory receptor system DNA sequence s is essential to validate, a particular DNA sequence is in a family or not.
Technical Aspects of Grid Connected PV Array
Authors: Chauhan Gaurav , Bangia Sakshi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Solar PV energy is a form of renewable energy which uses free and abundant energy from sun and gives an environmental friendly cyclic operation. The output of a PV system is fluctuating in nature which in turn reduces its reliability and do not provide the continuous power to the end users. The solar PV array can be directly connected to the grid or can have a standalone (off grid) connection. Due to seasonal and periodic variation the off grid connection does not provide the continuous supply of energy and hence is not reliable. So grid connected PV systems are required in order to satisfy the load demand. In this work the performance analysis of grid connected PV array has been carried out. The simulation is done in MATLAB and power profile is estimated with different load conditions and different problems associated with grid connected PV array have been identified.
A Study of Green Bond Market in India: A Critical Review
Authors: Verma Ashima , Agarwal Rachna 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAn upcoming and a novel area in finance is Green Bonds. It comes under the broader head of Green Finance. Green Bonds use their proceeds in environmentally friendly projects. They signify Socially Responsible Investing (SRI) through investing in Energy Efficiency, Green Infrastructure, Renewable Energy and Water Improvement. The world landscape is on a drastic change and world temperatures are rising. Science evidences that climate change is rough and there is a pressing need to gear up to save the world. Academicians around the globe are putting efforts in various fields including the financial sector. And green bonds are one of the profound ways to stabilize the current environmental picture.The study will analyse green bonds from a comprehensive viewpoint. First the paper will talk about the current scenario of Green Bonds in India. The study will also accentuate the future prospects of green bonds. And finally, it will feature the practical suggestions in the Indian context.