bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pilot study: lenticule quality of hyperopic small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) in rabbits
Authors: Zhao Yu , Zhao Feng , Han Tian , Zhao Jing , Zhou Xingtao 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate lenticule surface characteristics of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for hyperopia correction in rabbits.
Methods: The left and right eyes of 8 rabbits were divided into two groups. The right eyes were assigned to a hyperopia group, and the left eyes to a myopia group. The rabbits received SMILE procedures with +3.00 D and –3.00 D correction for the hyperopia and myopia groups, respectively. Extracted lenticules were examined via scanning electron microscopy. Lenticules from odd-numbered rabbits were accessed with the anterior surface, and lenticules from even-numbered rabbits were observed with the posterior surface. A previously established scoring system was used to evaluate lenticule surface characteristics. Statistical analysis was conducted to compare the scores between the two groups.
Results: All procedures were performed successfully, and the lenticules were extracted smoothly. One myopia lenticule that was facing downward was handled failed in preparation for imaging, thus 15 lenticules were ultimately graded. Twelve lenticules exhibited smooth surfaces, and regularly arranged tissue bridges were observed in almost all regions. Three lenticules exhibited a partially rough surface and irregularities affecting more than 10% of the lenticules (2 in the hyperopia group and 1 in the myopia group). Rough lenticules occurred in twice as many Lenticules in the hyperopia group compared to the myopia group.
Conclusions: Scan quality of lenticules after SMILE for hyperopia correction is comparable to that of myopia lenticules. The shape of hyperopic lenticule may increase the difficulty of surgical manipulation and result in surface roughness.
A Case Report of two siblings with Alstrom syndrome without hearing loss associated with two new ALMS1 variants
Authors: Shurygina Maria Fedorovna , Parker Maria A. , Schlechter Catie , Chen Rui , Li Yumei , Weleber Richard G. , Yang Paul , Pennesi Mark E. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Alström syndrome (AS) is a rare monogenic disorder characterized by progressive multi-organ pathology including retinal degeneration, hearing impairment and type 2 diabetes. Here we present clinical features in two siblings diagnosed with Alström syndrome associated with two novel changes in ALMS1.
Volcanic SiO2-cristobalite: A natural product of chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Schipper C. Ian , Rickard William D.A. , Reddy Steven M. , Saxey David W. , Castro Jonathan M. , Fougerouse Denis , Quadir Zakaria , Conway Chris , Prior David J. , Lilly Kat 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Cristobalite is a low-pressure, high-temperature SiO2 polymorph that occurs as a metastable phase in many geologic settings, including as crystals deposited from vapor within the pores of volcanic rocks. Such vapor-phase cristobalite (VPC) has been inferred to result from silica redistribution by acidic volcanic gases but a precise mechanism for its formation has not been established. We address this by investigating the composition and structure of VPC deposited on plagioclase substrates within a rhyolite lava flow, at the micrometer to nanometer scale. The VPC contains impurities of the form [AlO4/Na+]0—coupled substitution of Al3+ charge-balanced by interstitial Na+—which are typical of cristobalite. However, new electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) element maps show individual crystals to have impurity concentrations that systematically decline from crystal cores-to-rims, and atom probe tomography reveals localized segregation of impurities to dislocations. Impurity concentrations are inversely correlated with degrees of crystallinity [observed by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), hyperspectral cathodoluminescence, laser Raman, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)], such that crystal cores are poorly crystalline and rims are highly ordered tetragonal α-cristobalite. The VPC-plagioclase interfaces show evidence that dissolution-reprecipitation reactions between acidic gases and plagioclase crystals yield precursory amorphous SiO2 coatings that are suitable substrates for initial deposition of impure cristobalite. Successive layers of cubic β-cristobalite are deposited with impurity concentrations that decline as Al-bearing gases rapidly become unstable in the vapor cooling within pores. Final cooling to ambient temperature causes a displacive transformation from β→α cristobalite, but with locally expanded unit cells where impurities are abundant. We interpret this mechanism of VPC deposition to be a natural proxy for dopant-modulated Chemical Vapor Deposition, where halogen-rich acidic gases uptake silica, react with plagioclase surfaces to form suitable substrates and then deposit SiO2 as impure cristobalite. Our results have implications for volcanic hazards, as it has been established that the toxicity of crystalline silica is positively correlated with its purity. Furthermore, we note that VPC commonly goes unreported, but has been observed in silicic lavas of virtually all compositions and eruptive settings. We therefore suggest that despite being metastable at Earth's surface, cristobalite may be the most widely occurring SiO2 polymorph in extrusive volcanic rocks and a useful indicator of gas-solid reaction having occurred in cooling magma bodies.
Hydrophobic lithiated titania floating film for efficient solar-driven water evaporation
Authors: Ye Miaomiao , Wang Xun , Zhou Pei , Chen Rong , Gan Qimao , Zhang Tuqiao 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Recently, the development of new photothermal materials for seawater desalination based on air–water interfacial solar heating has become a new research hotspot. In this paper, hydrophobic lithiated titania was synthesized by lithium reaction with amorphous titania followed by surface modification with a thin 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane (PFOTS) monolayer. The hydrophobic lithiated titania was used as a photothermal material for seawater evaporation based on this new process. A thin lithiated titania floating film was assembled under simulated solar light irradiance due to the combined actions of water surface tension and the water molecules' thermal motion. The formation of the thin floating film significantly promoted water evaporation. The water evaporation rate by the lithiated titania floating film was 0.87 kg·m−2·h−1 under 2.0 sun solar irradiance, which was 2.4 times higher than that of pure water. Parameters affecting the solar evaporation process such as lithiated titania dose, solar light intensity, and storage time were investigated. Finally, the quality of the condensed fresh water was tested to evaluate the potential application of the lithiated titania floating film in practical settings of seawater desalinization.
Targeted Biomedical Treatment for Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Pacheva Iliyana , Ivanov Ivan 
Published: December 2019

Background:A diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) represents presentations with impairment in communication and behaviour that vary considerably in their clinical manifestations and etiology as well as in their likely pathophysiology. A growing body of data indicates that the deleterious effect of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, immune dysregulation and neuroinflammation, as well as their interconnections are important aspects of the pathophysiology of ASD. Glutathione deficiency decreases the mitochondrial protection against oxidants and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α; immune dysregulation and inflammation inhibit mitochondrial function through TNF-α; autoantibodies against the folate receptors underpin cerebral folate deficiency, resulting in disturbed methylation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Such pathophysiological processes can arise from environmental and epigenetic factors as well as their combined interactions, such as environmental toxicant exposures in individuals with (epi)genetically impaired detoxification. The emerging evidence on biochemical alterations in ASD is forming the basis for treatments aimed to target its biological underpinnings, which is of some importance, given the uncertain and slow effects of the various educational interventions most commonly used.Methods:Literature-based review of the biomedical treatment options for ASD that are derived from established pathophysiological processes.Results:Most proposed biomedical treatments show significant clinical utility only in ASD subgroups, with specified pre-treatment biomarkers that are ameliorated by the specified treatment. For example, folinic acid supplementation has positive effects in ASD patients with identified folate receptor autoantibodies, whilst the clinical utility of methylcobalamine is apparent in ASD patients with impaired methylation capacity. Mitochondrial modulating cofactors should be considered when mitochondrial dysfunction is evident, although further research is required to identify the most appropriate single or combined treatment. Multivitamins/multiminerals formulas, as well as biotin, seem appropriate following the identification of metabolic abnormalities, with doses tapered to individual requirements. A promising area, requiring further investigations, is the utilization of antipurinergic therapies, such as low dose suramin.Conclusion:The assessment and identification of relevant physiological alterations and targeted intervention are more likely to produce positive treatment outcomes. As such, current evidence indicates the utility of an approach based on personalized and evidence-based medicine, rather than treatment targeted to all that may not always be beneficial (primum non nocere).
Natural Products with Analgesic Effect from Herbs and Nutraceuticals Used in Traditional Chinese Medicines
Authors: Wang Tian-Xing , Wu Guo-Jie , Jiang Jian-Guo 
Published: December 2019

Introduction:
Pain is one of the most common clinical symptoms . This
review aims to describe research on herbs and their active ingredients in treating pain
and provide a valuable reference for the development and utilization of analgesic
traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).

Materials and Methods:
The literature search was performed from 1995 to October
2016, covering the relevant studies that concern the treatment of pain with TCM. Active
ingredients extracted from TCM with analgesic activity are summarized and classified
into six categories, including polysaccharides, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids,
terpenoids, and other constituents.

Results:
There are two pathways constituting the analgesic mechanisms of TCM:
through the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The former
pathway includes increasing the content of endogenous analgesic substances like
opiate peptide, cutting down the second messenger of neurotransmitter like nitric oxide
(NO), reducing the content of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in brain tissues, blocking the
central calcium channel, reducing excitatory amino acids in brain tissues, inhibiting their
receptors and raising the content of the central 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). The latter
one usually involves the decrease in the secretion of peripheral algogenic substances,
the induction of pain-sensitive substances, the accumulation of a local algogenic
substance, the increase in the release of peripheral endogenous analgesia materials
and the regulation of c-Fos gene (immediate early gene).
Proteomics Analysis of Escherichia coli Treated with Nanosilver: An Approach to Analyze the Bactericidal Action
Authors: Khatoon Nafeesa , Alam Hammad , Sardar Meryam 
Published: December 2019

Background :
Silver nanoparticles pose high antibacterial properties against multi drugresistant
and non-resistant bacteria. However, bacteria acquire resistance against chemically synthesized
silver nanoparticles after repeated exposure. Therefore, there is an inevitable need to understand the
mechanistic behavior of silver nanoparticles.

Objective:
In this study, we have performed a complete proteomic analysis of Escherichia coli after the
treatment with silver nanoparticles to find out the mechanism of bactericidal action of silver nanoparticles
(AgNPs).

Methods:
Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using Artemisia annua leaf extract and incubated with
Escherichia coli to elucidate the antibacterial assay by determining MIC and the effect on the growth
pattern. Further total genome proteins were isolated from control and silver nanoparticles treated bacteria,
which were identified by LC MS and Label free quantification analysis technique.

Results::
Total identified proteins were 293, out of which 11 proteins were exclusively present in treated
bacteria; these are the proteins mainly expressed in stress conditions. Fold change analysis shows
that 65 proteins were upregulated where stress proteins are overexpressed while membrane proteins
were downregulated.

Conclusions:
This study reveals that silver nanoparticles inhibit the expression of cellular proteins and
cause cell death. Such a study may be helpful in designing drugs against resistant microbes.
Development of MatLab Coding for Early Detection of Leukemia through Automated Analysis of RBCs
Authors: Majumder Durjoy 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Bone marrow biopsy has become an integral part of leukemia diagnosis
and its treatment. Several advancements are being made towards the analysis of digital images of
biopsy samples. Recently, the FDA approved the procedures of digital health. In tune with that,
digital image analysis has become propelled. With the advent of high-throughput technologies,
the scientific community focuses on the red blood cells (RBCs) for early detection of cancer,
including leukemia. The reasons are due to their abundance in peripheral blood and hence, easily accessible
compared to the bone marrow biopsy procedure. High magnification and high-resolution
electron microscopy-based ultra-structural analysis of RBCs already proved the utility of the
hypothesis about a decade ago. However, in clinical set-up, electron microscopy-based procedures
are the major bottleneck in the implementation of early detection of leukemia. Algorithm-based
computer vision may be suitable to overcome this limitation.

Methods:
An intensive search with PubMed and Google for early diagnosis of leukemia through
RBC light microscopic images was made. For this search, the image processing algorithm for
RBC was also made in PubMed, IEEE Xplorer and Google; and the latest developments are
noted. To fill the existing gap, a user-friendly MatLab coding is developed for automated analysis
of RBC images.

Results:
RBC images from both normal and leukemia were analyzed with the developed code.
Each RBC cells were analyzed individually for each sample of normal and leukemia. Therefore,
in the output cellular characteristics namely, radius, perimeter, area, convexity and solidity were
represented in a quantitative manner. Comparison of mean values between normal and leukemia
groups for corresponding variables showed statistical significance. In the test run, data of 82 RBC
cells from single leukemia sample when compared with the data of pooled data of normal samples
also showed significant difference (P<0.05).

Conclusion:
Thus, the developed code successfully distinguishes between RBC cells of leukemia
and normal. We hope that this RBC based developed code would be useful in identifying earlystage
of leukemia in an individual patient; however, for this, ~100 RBC cells are needed to be
analyzed. As the developed code is based on RBC based diagnosis therefore, may be applied to
other cancers and if needed, further modification is possible due to availability of code. Thus, it is
expected that the developed MatLab code may play a role in preventive oncology.
The Monte Carlo Method as a Tool to Build up Predictive QSPR/QSAR
Authors: Toropov Andrey A. , Toropova Alla P. 
Published: December 2019

Background:
The Monte Carlo method has a wide application in various scientific researches.
For the development of predictive models in a form of the quantitative structure-property / activity relationships
(QSPRs/QSARs), the Monte Carlo approach also can be useful. The CORAL software provides the
Monte Carlo calculations aimed to build up QSPR/QSAR models for different endpoints.

Methods:
Molecular descriptors are a mathematical function of so-called correlation weights of various
molecular features. The numerical values of the correlation weights give the maximal value of a target
function. The target function leads to a correlation between endpoint and optimal descriptor for the visible
training set. The predictive potential of the model is estimated with the validation set, i.e. compounds that
are not involved in the process of building up the model.

Results:
The approach gave quite good models for a large number of various physicochemical, biochemical,
ecological, and medicinal endpoints. Bibliography and basic statistical characteristics of several CORAL
models are collected in the present review. In addition, the extended version of the approach for more
complex systems (nanomaterials and peptides), where behaviour of systems is defined by a group of conditions
besides the molecular structure is demonstrated.

Conclusion:
The Monte Carlo technique available via the CORAL software can be a useful and convenient
tool for the QSPR/QSAR analysis.
A Wide Bandgap Ag/MgO@Fe3O4 Nanocomposite as Magnetic Sorbent for Cd(II) in Water Samples
Authors: Hanif Muddasir , Yasmeen Kousar , Muhammad Haji , Shah Faheem , Hussain Saqib , Atta-ur-Rehman  , Masab Muhammad , Ali Syed Tahir , Tahiri Iftikhar Ahmad 
Published: December 2019

Background:
The magnetic nanocomposites are very important as a reusable sorbents for
the extraction of Cd(II) and other toxic metals from water samples.

Methods:
The Ag/MgO@Fe3O4 nanocomposite was synthesized by the coprecipitation method and
characterized by the XRD, EDX, SEM, UV-vis spectroscopy and FTIR. This nanocomposite was
used to extract Cd(II) from water samples prior to its quantitative analysis with FAAS. Different variables,
i.e. pH, temperature, amount of nanosorbent, adsorption/desorption and dilution were optimized.

Results:
The method was successfully applied to determine Cd(II) in real water samples with
excellent recoveries (98%). The present method has lower detection (0.29) and quantification limit
(0.97 ng mL-1).

Conclusions:
The Ag/MgO@Fe3O4 nanocomposite based magnetic extraction is a simple, fast, reproducible,
less expansive and efficient technique for the Cd(II) extraction in water samples. The developed
sorbent can be recycled and reused (20 times).
Nanocomposite Graphene based Tunable Absorber for Combating Electromagnetic Pollution
Authors: Rani Surekha , Marwaha Anupma , Marwaha Sanjay 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Advancement in wireless communication technology has raised today’s
living standards but has consequently led to the problems of electromagnetic (EM) air pollution as
well as spectrum congestion particularly in radio frequency band. To overcome the traffic congestion
problem in lower bands, terahertz frequency bands are explored but EM pollution still persists as a
global issue, which can be addressed by a tunable microwave absorber. At THz frequencies, 2-D
nanostructured graphene has been observed to be less lossy than using other materials and further
finds its most interesting applications on account of the plasmonic mode supported by graphene resulting
in extreme device miniaturization. At micro and mm-waves, graphene is resistive, hence it
can be electronically controlled, ensuring its suitability for the design of tunable microwave absorber.

Objective:
Designing of a frequency reconfigurable or frequency tunable absorber is the prime objective
of the current work. Two-dimensional graphene absorber has been proposed here having inherent
bandgap tunability property, which means the electromagnetic properties of graphene can be
controlled via varying external bias potential.

Methods:
The numerical modelling of graphene microwave absorber utilizing bulk graphene backed
by glass and perfect electric conductor layer is reported in this paper. Finite element Method (FEM)
based high frequency structure simulator (HFSS) platform is used to simulate the graphene absorber
model. The whole structure is placed into a rectangular waveguide with two ports for absorber excitation.

Results:
The variation of electromagnetic properties of graphene absorber is achieved by changing
bias potential and further the absorption tunability for the designed absorber is investigated in the
range from 2 GHz to 18 GHz. From reflection coefficient curves, it is authenticated that -72.6 dB
reflection coefficient dip is obtained at 14 GHz for 5 volt bias potential, which shifts to higher side of
frequency as the potential changes from 5 volts to 25 volts.

Conclusion:
The results show that by increasing bias potential, absorption coefficient shifts to higher
frequency and proves to be a tunable wideband absorber whose resonant frequency can be changed
from one value to another without changing thickness or material properties of absorber, thus it can
effectively incorporate with antenna substrate or surface of radar.
A Novel Hybrid Solar-wind Energy Conversion System for Remote Area Electrification
Authors: Gupta Shailendra K. , Srivastava Rakesh K. 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Remote area electrification is a social responsibility that needs to be catered
by research fraternity. One of the most viable technology as a solution is the Renewable Energy
Source (RES) based power generation. However, RES is intermittent and thus, mostly ineffective
without an energy storage device. Energy storage device comes at increased cost and may not
be a cost-effective solution to the problem.

Introduction:
One solution that has been frequently proposed to reduce the intermittency of RES is
hybridization. Hybridization of RES such as Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) with Solar
Energy Conversion System (SECS) is the most basic solution offered owing to their complementary
nature. Therefore, this paper sees SECS in the role of supporting WECS in regions with highly
intermittent wind conditions. In this paper, a novel technique of hybridization of WECS with SECS
has been proposed.

Methods:
The basic idea of the paper is to control the dc-link voltage from the generation side by
regulating the power generated by RES as per load demand using minimum components. The underlined
principle is the relative lower time constant of solar panel and battery system in comparison
to a wind turbine.

Results:
The experimental results on the proposed system shows that the SECS supports the WECS
at higher wind turbulence and low wind conditions.

Conclusion:
This unique feature of the proposed system enables a WECS supported by a small rated
SECS to attain high power reliability and thus, suitable for application such as remote area electrification.
YOLOv3-Tesseract Model for Improved Intelligent form Recognition
Authors: Yun-An Zhang , Ziheng Pan , Hongyan Dui , Guanghan Bai 
Published: December 2019

Background:
YOLOv3-Tesseract is widely used for the intelligent form recognition because
it exhibits several attractive properties. It is important to improve the accuracy and efficiency
of the optical character recognition.

Methods:
The YOLOv3 exhibits the classification advantages for the object detection. Tesseract can
effectively recognize regular characters in the field of the optical character recognition. In this study,
a YOLOv3 and Tesseract-based model of improved intelligent form recognition is proposed.

Results:
First, YOLOv3 is trained to detect the position of the text in the table and to subsequently
segment text blocks. Second, Tesseract is used to individually detect text blocks and combine
YOLOv3 and Tesseract to achieve the goal of table character recognition.

Conclusion:
Based on the Tianchi big data, experimental simulation is used to demonstrate the proposed
method. The YOLOv3-Tesseract model is trained and tested to effectively accomplish the
recognition task.