bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic and neuro-epigenetic effects of divergent artificial selection for feather pecking behaviour in chickens
Authors: de Haas Elske N. , Pértille Fábio , Kjaer Joergen B. , Jensen Per , Guerrero-Bosagna Carlos 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFeather pecking (FP) is a repetitive behaviour in chickens, influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors, similar to behaviours seen in human developmental disorders (e.g., hyperactivity, autism). This study examines genetic and neuro-epigenetic factors in the thalamus of chickens from lines selected for seven generations for high or low FP behaviour (HFP or LFP). We integrate data on Differentially Methylated Regions (DMRs), Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), and Copy Number Variations (CNVs) in this controlled artificial selection process. Significant differences in behaviour, immunology, and neurology have been reported in these lines. We identified 710 SNPs in these lines that indicate new potentially important genes for FP such as TMPRSS6 (implicated in autism), and SST and ARNT2 (somatostatin function). CNV were the omic level most affected during selection. The largest CNVs found were in RIC3 (gain in HFP) and SH3RF2 (gain in LFP) genes, linked to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor regulation and human oncogenesis, respectively. Our study also suggests that promoters and introns are hotspots for CpG depletion. The overlapping of the omic levels investigated here with data from a public FP Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) database revealed novel candidate genes for understanding repetitive behaviours, such as RTKN2, associated with Alzheimer’s disease in humans. This study suggests CNVs as a crucial initial step for genomic diversification, potentially more impactful than SNPs.
Phenotypic characterization of NK cells in 5-year-old children exposed to maternal HIV and antiretroviral therapy in early-life
Authors: Mataramvura Hope , Jӓger Julia , Jordan-Paiz Ana , Mazengera Lovemore Ronald , Gumbo Felicity Zvanyadza , Bunders Madeleine J. , Duri Kerina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children are at increased risk of morbidity during the first years of life. Although the immune responses of HEU infants in early-life are relatively well described, studies of natural killer (NK) cells in older HEU children are lacking. NK cell subsets were analysed in HEU children and compared to those in HIV unexposed uninfected (HUU) children aged ~ five years.

Methods
Multi-parametric flow cytometry was used to characterize peripheral blood-derived NK cell CD56, CD16, CD57, NKG2A and KIR3DL1/KIR2DL2/L3 expression, including intracellular perforin and granzyme B. NK cell subsets were compared between HEU children exposed to prenatal antiretroviral therapy (ART) from conception [long-term (HEULT)]; those exposed to ART during pregnancy [medium-term (HEUMT)] with continued exposure throughout the breastfeeding period and HUU peers. Furthermore, clinical data of the children, including sick clinic visits and hospitalizations documented in morbidity diaries from birth to 5 years were compared between HEU and HUU groups. Frequencies of CD56bright and CD56dim NK cell were correlated with these clinical parameters.

Results
139 children were enrolled however, 133 comprising 43 HEULT, 38 HEUMT and 52 HUU were included in the main analyses. Total NK cell, CD56bright nor CD56dim NK cell proportions differed between HEU and HUU children. However, HEULT children had lower frequencies of CD56dim NK cells compared to HEUMT children, (p = 0.002) which maintained significance after controlling for preterm birth, p = 0.012. No differences were observed between HEULT and HUU. The expressions of NKG2A, KIR3DL1/KIR2DL2/L3 and CD57 on CD56bright and CD56dim NK cells were similar between the three groups. Furthermore, the frequencies of granzyme B and perforin double positive NK cells were similar between the HUU with HEULT and HEUMT children. CD56dim NK cell counts had a significant moderate negative correlation with recurrent respiratory infections (rho=-0.38; p = 0.010) in HUU children and negatively correlated with total sick clinic visits in HEUMT (rho=-0.40, p = 0.064).

Conclusion
The proportions of total NK cell, CD56bright and CD56dim NK cells, NK cells inhibitory and differentiation surface marker expression and cytolytic granule-positive cells were similar between HEU and HUU children. These data suggest that early-life HIV/ART exposure may not result in major changes in NK cell subsets at 5 years of age.
Intracardiac fluid dynamic analysis: available techniques and novel clinical applications
Authors: Leo Isabella , Cersosimo Angelica , Ielapi Jessica , Sabatino Jolanda , Sicilia Federico , Strangio Antonio , Figliozzi Stefano , Torella Daniele , De Rosa Salvatore 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThere is a growing interest in the potential use of intracardiac fluid dynamic analysis to better understand cardiac mechanics and identify novel imaging biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. Abnormalities of vortex formation and shape may in fact play a critical role in cardiac function, affecting both efficiency and myocardial workload. Recent advances in imaging technologies have significantly improved our ability to analyze these dynamic flow patterns in vivo, offering new insights into both normal and pathological cardiac conditions. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the available imaging techniques for intracardiac fluid dynamics analysis, highlighting their strengths and limitations. By synthesizing the current knowledge in this evolving field, the paper aims to underscore the importance of advanced fluid dynamic analysis in contemporary cardiology and to identify future directions for research and clinical practice.
Addressing “what matters most” to reduce mental health stigma in primary healthcare settings: a qualitative study in Lebanon
Authors: Hana Racha Abi , Heim Eva , Cuijpers Pim , Sijbrandij Marit , Chammay Rabih El , Kohrt Brandon A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
“What matters most” (WMM) is a theoretical framework based on medical anthropology and draws on cultural concepts of values and morals. It has been employed to identify cross-cultural aspects of mental health stigma. This approach assists practitioners, advocates, and researchers in assessing stigma-related factors that are relevant to the experiences of individuals in diverse cultural contexts. To implement effective anti-stigma programmes it is vital to identify and prioritize WMM for primary healthcare providers and people with lived experience of mental health conditions (PWLE). Our current objective was to explore WMM to primary healthcare providers, PWLE, primary care managers, and policymakers in Lebanon to inform mental health stigma reduction initiatives.

Methods
We conducted a total of 45 qualitative interviews with primary healthcare providers, PWLE, primary care managers, and policymakers. The WMM framework was applied to analyse data from primary healthcare centres in Lebanon to identify themes related to stigma against PWLE. The analysis identified common themes related to WMM. The analysis aimed to identify (a) WMM values for participants, (b) factors that threaten these WMM values and their relationship to stigma, and (c) potential interventions that could leverage WMM principles to reduce stigma.

Results
WMM for primary healthcare providers encompassed competency, time management, willingness, and self-care. WMM for PWLE focused on equality, support, compassion, and confidentiality. Policymakers emphasised resource sustainability as a top priority. Myths about mental health illnesses perpetuated threats to WMM, and organisational barriers also threatened WMM for primary healthcare providers and PWLE, thus creating major roadblocks to achieving stigma reduction.

Conclusion
This study identified key domains to understand the factors for WMM in reducing mental health stigma in Lebanon and explored factors that shape the values and priorities of both PWLE and primary healthcare providers. The study suggests assessing the effectiveness of anti-stigma interventions that actively engage PWLE in their design and implementation, while exploring the broader applicability of the WMM framework across different cultural and healthcare settings.
Evaluation of effect of cooled haemodialysis on cognition in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ECHECKED) feasibility randomised controlled trial results
Authors: Dasgupta Indranil , Odudu Aghogho , Baharani Jyoti , Fergusson Niall , Griffiths Helen , Harrison John , Hameed Awais , Maruff Paul , Ryan Louise , Thomas Neil , Woodhall Gavin , Tadros George 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Cognitive impairment is common in haemodialysis patients with no known beneficial interventions. Cooler dialysate slows brain white-matter changes, but its effect on cognition is unknown. This feasibility trial was performed to inform a fully-powered, randomised trial to assess this.

Methods
We aimed to randomise (1:1) 90 haemodialysis patients to this double-blinded, randomised controlled feasibility trial to standard care (dialysate-temperature 36.5 °C) or intervention (35 °C). Eligible patients were adult chronic haemodialysis recipients with no established diagnosis of dementia or psychiatric disease. The primary outcome was change in Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score at 12-months. Secondary outcomes included recruitment and attrition rates, reasons for non-recruitment, intradialytic hypotension, depression, patient burden, computerised cognition test battery, and quality of life.

Findings
Of 334 patients screened, 160 were eligible. 99 declined mainly for the extra non-dialysis day study visits. Sixty-one patients consented, 43 randomised – 20 in standard care, 23 in intervention arms; 13 withdrew for non-dialysis day visits and 5 without reason before randomisation. 27 patients (12 standard care, 15 intervention) completed the trial – 5 died, 1 transplanted, 4 withdrew consent, and 6 could not attend due to the pandemic. Low temperature dialysis was well tolerated. There was no difference in change in MoCA from baseline to 12 months between the standard and intervention arms; 1.0 (-2.8–3.0, p = 0.755) and − 2.0 (-1.0 - -4.0, p = 0.047) respectively. There were no differences between groups on any secondary measures. There were no significant adverse events reported.

Discussion
The trial was significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic contributing to an attrition rate of 27%. The non-dialysis day research visits were mainly responsible for low recruitment and consent withdrawal. There are several learning points, described in the article, which will inform design of definitive trials in this area in the future.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03645733. Registration date 24/08/2018.
Multiple material need insecurities and severity of psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic among women who use drugs
Authors: Tomko Catherine , Sisson Laura Nicole , Haney Katherine , Clouse Emily , Flath Natalie , Galai Noya , Smith Katherine C. , Sherman Susan G. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the salience of material needs and financial precarity on mental health and distress. Women who use drugs (WWUD) experienced significant mental distress and multiple material need insecurities before the pandemic. However, research is limited on the nature of these insecurities during the pandemic despite both material scarcity and mental distress placing WWUD at greater risk of drug-related harms such as overdose. We aim to characterize material need insecurities and their associations with level of mental distress among a sample of WWUD in the United States during the COVID pandemic.

Methods
N = 227 WWUD (i.e., non-medical use of opioids, crack or powdered cocaine at least three times in the past three months) were recruited in Baltimore, Maryland between August 2021-December 2022. We assessed participants’ challenges (i.e., none, minor, major challenge) in accessing five critical material needs during the pandemic: housing; food security; clean, potable water; transportation; and bathroom facilities. The number of major challenges was summed and dichotomized as minimal (0–1) challenges vs. multiple (2+) challenges. The outcome was severity of mental distress, measured by the Kessler-6 and categorized into no/mild, moderate, or severe distress based on validated cut-points. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to explore differences between mental distress severity groups.

Results
36% of the sample reported symptoms of moderate psychological distress and 39% severe distress. Nearly half (43%) reported multiple material need insecurities during COVID. Compared to those who reported minimal material need insecurities, participants with multiple insecurities were 3.25 (95% CI = 1.42–7.45) and 1.96 (95% CI = 0.97–3.95) times more likely to report severe psychological distress compared to no/mild distress or moderate distress, respectively. Unmet mental health needs increased risk of severe distress compared to no/mild 3.44 (95% CI = 1.48–7.97) or moderate 3.62 (95% CI = 1.75–7.49) distress.

Conclusions
WWUD experienced a substantial burden of multiple material needs during the pandemic which were associated with elevated levels of mental distress. Results speak to the need to advance mental health equity by addressing access to material needs and mental healthcare for marginalized populations, particularly during health emergencies that threaten already-precarious social safety nets and healthcare infrastructure.
How the master’s level is implemented in internships within master’s programmes — exploring the views of students, clinicians, and educators in midwifery and public health nursing
Authors: Kasper Jürgen , Bigum Sundar Turid Kristin , Valla Lisbeth , Lilleengen Anne Marie , Rydtun Haug Anne Grete , Engen Marsdal Kjersti , Borgen Iren , Telle Hjellset Victoria 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn the course of worldwide attempts at the academisation of professional education and the Bologna process, nursing education has become both bachelor’s and master’s programmes at colleges, polytechnics, and universities.We investigated how a master’s level in internships is conceptionalised by the involved parties. Our focus was on Norwegian master’s education programmes in two different health professions, midwifery and public health nursing.The study also aimed at providing a better understanding of barriers and facilitators of realising the master’s level in internships.Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour as a theoretical and methodological framework, we conducted individual in depth interviews with representatives of all involved parties (supervisors, students, university teachers, and clinic managers). After content analysing the interview data, we held focus group meetings aiming to confirm the findings from the first part of the study.The findings reveal a controversial debate over the necessity of a master’s level education and the challenges participants reported from their attempts to implement the master’s level into student internships. The main result is the lack of consensus on the role of internships within a master’s programme and on how students, practise supervisors, and educational institutions should collaborate on this issue. Various assumptions about the roles, accountability, and professional functions of a master’s student during an internship have been distilled into five distinct models. Instead of comparing and ranking these models, their mere coexistence is discussed as an obstacle to implementing advanced nursing practise. Recommendations are provided to help resolve this confusion.
MicroRNA networks in prolactinoma tumorigenesis: a scoping review
Authors: Rad Sevil Ghaffarzadeh , Orang Fatemeh Nejadi , Shadbad Mahdi Abdoli 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Prolactinoma is the leading type of pituitary adenoma. Aside from the mass-like effect of prolactinoma, its hormonal effect is the main pathological cause of endocrine dysregulation and infertility. The dopamine agonist administration and surgical resection are the current mainstream anti-neoplastic treatments for affected patients; however, tumor fibrosis, tumor invasion, dopamine agonist resistance, and gain prolactinomas are clinical challenges for treating affected patients. Therefore, there is a need to develop novel treatments for these patients. Although growing evidence has highlighted the significance of dysregulated microRNA (miRNA) expression in various malignancies, no study has systematically investigated the significance of miRNA networks and their therapeutic potential in prolactinoma. For this aim, the current scoping review was performed according to the systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guideline.

Main body
The systematic study on PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases has shown that miR-200c, miR-217, miR-93a, miR-93, miR-1299, and miR-9 are the oncogenic miRNAs and miR-137, miR-145-5p, miR-197-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-489, miR-199a-5p, miR-124, miR-212, miR-129-5p, miR-130a-3p, miR-326, miR-432, miR-548c-3p, miR-570, miR-15, miR-16, miR-26a, miR-196a2, and let-7a are tumor-suppressive miRNAs in prolactinoma tumorigenesis.

Conclusion
In summary, inhibiting the oncogenic miRNAs and ectopic expression of tumor-suppressive miRNAs can decrease prolactin secretion, reduce tumor invasion and migration, enhance dopamine agonist efficacy, and inhibit prolactinoma development. These findings can serve as a blueprint for future translational studies investigating miR-based therapeutics for prolactinoma.

Graphical Abstract
Cuproptosis: a promising new target for breast cancer therapy
Authors: Jiang Qianqian , Tong Fei , Xu Yun , Liu Cheng , Xu Qiaoping 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women globally, affecting approximately one-quarter of all female cancer patients and accounting for one-sixth of cancer-related deaths in women. Despite significant advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, breast cancer treatment remains challenging due to issues such as recurrence and metastasis. Recently, a novel form of regulated cell death, termed cuproptosis, has been identified. This process disrupts mitochondrial respiration by targeting the copper-dependent cellular pathways. The role of cuproptosis has been extensively investigated in various therapeutic contexts, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and nanotherapy, with the development of novel drugs significantly improving clinical outcomes. This article aims to further elucidate the connection between cuproptosis and breast cancer, focusing on its therapeutic targets, signaling pathways, and potential biomarkers that could enhance treatment strategies. These insights may offer new opportunities for improved patient care and outcomes in breast cancer therapy.
Regulation of dynamic spatiotemporal inflammation by nanomaterials in spinal cord injury
Authors: Liu Zeping , Xiang Chunyu , Zhao Xu , Aizawa Toshimi , Niu Renrui , Zhao Jianhui , Guo Fengshuo , Li Yueying , Luo Wenqi , Liu Wanguo , Gu Rui 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a common clinical condition of the central nervous system that can lead to sensory and motor impairment below the injury level or permanent loss of function in severe cases. Dynamic spatiotemporal neuroinflammation is vital to neurological recovery, which is collectively constituted by the dynamic changes in a series of inflammatory cells, including microglia, neutrophils, and astrocytes, among others. Immunomodulatory nanomaterials can readily improve the therapeutic effects and simultaneously overcome various drawbacks associated with treatment, such as the off-target side effects and loss of bioactivity of immune agents during circulation. In this review, we discuss the role of dynamic spatiotemporal inflammation in secondary injuries after SCI, elaborate on the mechanism of action and effect of existing nanomaterials in treating SCI, and summarize the mechanism(s) whereby they regulate inflammation. Finally, the challenges and prospects associated with using nanotechnology to modulate immunotherapy are discussed to provide new insights for future treatment. Deciphering the intricate spatiotemporal mechanisms of neuroinflammation in SCI requires further in-depth studies. Therefore, SCI continues to represent a formidable challenge.
Graphical abstract
Maternal mortality estimation methodologies: a scoping review and evaluation of suitability for use in humanitarian settings
Authors: Erhardt-Ohren Blake , McCoy Sandra I. , Feehan Dennis M. , Haar Rohini J. , Prata Ndola 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Around the world, a maternal death occurs approximately every two minutes—most of these deaths are preventable. The maternal mortality ratio is a key indicator for the Sustainable Development Goals, yet we have no reliable way to estimate maternal deaths in refugee or internally displaced persons (IDP) camps and settlements. The goal of this study was to understand the methodologies most suited for adaptation for use to estimate the proportion of maternal mortality due to abortion complications in these settings.

Methods
We conducted a scoping review of methodologies to estimate maternal mortality and evaluated them using a predetermined set of criteria. We evaluated nine original methodologies using eleven categories related to implementation in refugee or IDP camps and settlements: data sources, definitions, sample size, timing of point estimate relative to data collection, bias, human resources, time needed for implementation, data collection training, statistical training, digitalization, and cost. Each category could be assigned zero to four points, for a total score of 44 points. After evaluating each original methodology, we reviewed the original publication's citations or searched for other implementations through October 2022. We revised the original scores and developed a rank-order list of the methodologies according to their suitability for implementation in refugee and IDP camps.

Results
We identified 124 publications that estimated maternal mortality. The Maternal Deaths from Informants/Maternal Death Follow on Review (MADE-IN/MADE-FOR) (33.5), hospital- or facility-based (33.5), and community informant-based (32.5) methodologies ranked highest due to low costs, short time interval needed for implementation, small sample sizes and close timing of point estimate relative to data collection, easy digitalization, and the need for no statistical training.

Discussion
Similar to the lack of a “perfect” methodology to estimate maternal mortality in stable settings, there are compromises to consider when applying these methodologies to humanitarian settings. The most promising methodologies are adaptable to practical constraints in refugee and IDP camps and settlements. New methodologies that adapt and strengthen the MADE-IN/MADE-FOR, hospital- or facility-based, and community informant-based methodology show promise and must be further developed.