Abstract B18: Patient-derived xenograft and organoids models of prostate cancer
Authors: Karkampouna Sofia , la Manna Federico , De Filippo Maria R. , Kiener Mirjam , De Menna Marta , Zoni Eugenio , Grosjean Joel , Klima Irena , Garofoli Andrea , Bolis Marco , Theurillat Jean-Philippe , Genitsch Vera , Keller David , Tijmen Booij , Stirnimann Christian U. , Sboner Andrea , Ng Charlotte K.Y. , Piscuoglio Salvatore , Spahn Martin , Rubin Mark A. , Thalmann George N. , Kruithof-de Julio Marianna 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Therapy resistance and metastatic processes in prostate cancer (PCa) remain undefined, mainly due to the lack of experimental models representing different disease stages. We aim to provide functional experimental and preclinical drug tools applicable for direct use with patient-derived material. Biopsies from metastatic PCa were used for the establishment of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) by subcutaneous implantation. In vivo tumor growth kinetic in response to androgens was assessed by surgical castration and testosterone supplementation. RNA and whole-exome sequencing (WES) and organoid drug screens were used to characterize the genomic, transcriptomic, and functional properties. Organoid culture methodology was adapted in order to set up an automated medium-throughput organoid drug screen (Nexus Theragnostics automated platform) for screening standard-of-care compounds and candidates for drug repurposing. A novel case of PCa xenograft model derived from soft tissue metastasis (PNPCa) was established. RNAseq and WES confirmed transcriptomic and genomic similarity to the primary tumor. PNPCa harbors BRAC2 and CHD1 mutations and shows SPOP-like and FOXA1-like transcriptomic signature with microsatellite instability. PNPCa tumor growth is inhibited after androgen deprivation by castration, while androgen replacement leads to tumor reformation. No spontaneous tumor growth occurred after prolonged period of castration; however, scarce micrometastases were found in the bone marrow and lymph nodes. The treatment-naive and androgen-dependent properties of the PNPCa made it a candidate model for identification of potent drug compounds. PNPCa-derived organoid screens on standard-of-care and 74 FDA-approved compounds showed that mTOR pathway and multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, used for clinical treatment of other cancer types, have high impact on PCa organoid viability. Application of the organoid drug screen panel on two additional metastatic PDXs of advanced disease has allowed shortlisting of compounds for repurposing use in patient-derived organoid screens that can be routinely performed in a timeframe of few weeks, and thus, provide information on treatment decision. Treatment response of a treatment-naive, early metastatic PCa case (PNPCa PDX) highlights the potential of organoid screens to assess therapy response with extended applications for personalized screens.
Citation Format: Sofia Karkampouna, Federico la Manna, Maria R. De Filippo, Mirjam Kiener, Marta De Menna, Eugenio Zoni, Joel Grosjean, Irena Klima, Andrea Garofoli, Marco Bolis, Jean-Philippe Theurillat, Vera Genitsch, David Keller, Booij Tijmen, Christian U. Stirnimann, Andrea Sboner, Charlotte K.Y. Ng, Salvatore Piscuoglio, Martin Spahn, Mark A. Rubin, George N. Thalmann, Marianna Kruithof-de Julio. Patient-derived xenograft and organoids models of prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Evolving Landscape of Cancer Modeling; 2020 Mar 2-5; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B18.