bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Antiplatelet Therapy During Noncardiac Surgery in Patients With Second‐Generation Drug‐Eluting Stents
Authors: Kim Choongki , Kim Jung‐Sun , Kim Hyeongsoo , Ahn Sung Gyun , Cho Sungsoo , Lee Oh‐Hyun , Park Jong‐Kwan , Shin Sanghoon , Moon Jae Youn , Won Hoyoun , Suh Yongsung , Cho Jung Rae , Cho Yun‐Hyeong , Oh Seung‐Jin , Lee Byoung‐Kwon , Hong Sung‐Jin , Shin Dong‐Ho , Ahn Chul‐Min , Kim Byeong‐Keuk , Ko Young‐Guk , Choi Donghoon , Hong Myeong‐Ki , Jang Yangsoo 
Published: May 2020

Background

Continuing antiplatelet therapy (
APT
) has been generally recommended during noncardiac surgery, but it is uncertain if preoperative discontinuation of
APT
has been avoided or harmful in patients with second‐generation drug‐eluting coronary stents.

Methods and Results

Patients undergoing noncardiac surgery after second‐generation drug‐eluting coronary stent implantation were assessed in a multicenter cohort in Korea. Net adverse clinical events within 30 days postoperatively, defined as all‐cause death, major adverse cardiac events, and major bleeding, were evaluated. Of 3582 eligible patients, 49% patients discontinued
APT
during noncardiac surgery. The incidence of net adverse clinical events was comparable between patients with continuation versus discontinuation (4.1% versus 3.4%;
P
=0.257) of
APT
during noncardiac surgery. Perioperative discontinuation of
APT
did not impact on net adverse clinical events (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.00; 95% CI, 0.69–1.44;
P
=0.995). In subgroup analysis, patients undergoing intra‐abdominal surgery were exposed to less risk of major bleeding by discontinuing
APT
(adjusted HR, 0.26; 95%
CI
, 0.08–0.91;
P
=0.035). Prolonged discontinuation of
APT
for ≥9 days was associated with higher risk of a major adverse cardiac event compared with continuing
APT
(adjusted HR, 3.38; 95%
CI,
1.36–8.38;
P
=0.009).

Conclusions

APT
was discontinued preoperatively in almost half of patients with second‐generation drug‐eluting coronary stents. Our explorative analysis showed that there was no significant impact of discontinuing
APT
on the risk of perioperative adverse events except that discontinuing
APT
may be associated with decreased hemorrhagic risk in patients undergoing intra‐abdominal surgery.

Registration

URL
:
https://www.clini​caltr​ials.gov
; Unique identifier:
NCT
03908463.
Sharq al-Adna
Authors: McNicholas Anthony 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Sharq al-Adna, or the Near East Arab Broadcasting Station, was a covert, British radio station that broadcasted in Arabic from 1941 to 1956, at first from Palestine before moving to Cyprus in 1948, where it posed as a commercial station but, in reality, was controlled by British Special Intelligence Services until the military commandeered it at the time of Suez. In the intervening fifteen years, its mainly Arab staff, loosely supervised by a small number of British personnel, broadcasted a mixture of music, drama, discussion, educational and religious programs, albeit with a subtle British slant to its news. In this article, which is based on archival sources, including the memoirs of some of those involved and some material originally published in Arabic, the author assesses the station’s contribution to British propaganda efforts in the Middle East and to the development of Arab broadcasting.
Online media reporting of suicidal behaviour in Ghana: Analysis of adherence to the WHO guidelines
Authors: Quarshie Emmanuel Nii-Boye , Andoh-Arthur Johnny , Asante Kwaku Oppong , Asare-Doku Winifred 
Published: May 2020

Background: Irresponsible media reporting of suicide is a potential risk for copycat suicide. There is a paucity of studies from sub-Saharan Africa on the quality of media reporting of suicide. Objectives: We assessed the compliance of Ghanaian online media outlets with the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for media reporting of suicide. Methods: We searched 10 local media outlets with strong online presence in Ghana, to identify suicide-related news reports from 2000 through 2019. We applied summative content analysis and chi-square [Formula: see text] test to the data. Results: We included 288 news reports, of which 261 (90.6%) were completed suicides, 7 (2.4%) were attempted suicides and 20 (6.9%) were homicide suicides. Most of the news reports failed to comply with the WHO guidelines: 92.7% mentioned the specific method of the suicide act, 82.6% included ‘suicide’ in the headline and 55.6% included photos of the victims. The [Formula: see text] tests indicated that privately owned media outlets were more likely than publicly owned to post a photo of the victim, [Formula: see text] = 17.37, p < .001, and report the incident location in the headline, [Formula: see text] = 15.00, p < .001. However, generally, there were no statistically significant relationships between the quality of reporting and media outlet ownership. Each of the 288 reports failed to mention any of the potentially helpful features recommended by the WHO guidelines. Conclusion: Regardless of the ownership of the media outlet (whether private or publicly owned), mostly, the online reportage of suicidal behaviour in Ghana deviates sharply from the international recommended best practice by the WHO.
A retrospective analysis of risk factors associated with catheter-related thrombosis: a single-center study
Authors: Zhou Xuezhen , Lin Xi , Shen Runnan , Qu Yingying , Mo Chunling , Li Yan , Chen Qinchang , Wu Guitao , Chen Zhenhong , Huang Kai 
Published: May 2020

Background: Catheter-related thrombosis may lead to catheter infections and failure, further deep venous thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. Recognizing the risk factors for catheter-related thrombosis is extremely important to inform the development of catheter care guidelines. Methods: Data were collected from a total of 1,532 patients who had undergone venous catheterization, including indwelling catheterization from 19 March 2019 to 30 March 2019 in the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital. The factors for which data were to be collected included the patients’ physical characteristics, catheter-related factors, and catheter care-related factors. Logistic regression analysis, the chi-squared test, Fisher’s exact test, and the t-test were used to analyze the data. Results: Of the 1,532 patients studied, 28 developed intraductal thrombi, and of the factors analyzed, malignancy, a catheterization history, a history of thrombophilia, surgery during the week before catheterization, the catheterization duration, and anticoagulant therapy were significant risk factors associated with catheter-related thrombosis (all p < 0.05). There were no significant associations between the catheter brand, the number of lumens, the insertion direction, or the factors associated with catheter care and catheter-related thrombosis (all p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our study incorporated clear and systematic risk factors associated with catheter-related thrombosis. Malignancy, history of thrombophilia, history of catheterization, surgery during the week before catheterization, and catheterization duration were associated with increased risks of catheter-related thrombosis. Prophylactic anticoagulation was effective for preventing and treating catheter-related thrombosis.
ATP sensitive potassium (KATP) channel inhibition: A promising new drug target for migraine
Authors: Christensen Sarah L , Munro Gordon , Petersen Steffen , Shabir Anmool , Jansen-Olesen Inger , Kristensen David M , Olesen Jes 
Published: May 2020

Background Recently, the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) sensitive potassium channel opener levcromakalim was shown to induce migraine attacks with a far higher incidence than any previous provoking agent such as calcitonin gene-related peptide. Here, we show efficacy of ATP sensitive potassium channel inhibitors in two validated rodent models of migraine. Methods In female spontaneous trigeminal allodynic rats, the sensitivity of the frontal region of the head was tested by an electronic von Frey filament device. In mice, cutaneous hypersensitivity was induced by repeated glyceryl trinitrate or levcromakalim injections over nine days, as measured with von Frey filaments in the hindpaw. Release of calcitonin gene-related peptide from dura mater and trigeminal ganglion was studied ex vivo. Results The ATP sensitive potassium channel inhibitor glibenclamide attenuated the spontaneous cephalic hypersensitivity in spontaneous trigeminal allodynic rats and glyceryl trinitrate-induced hypersensitivity of the hindpaw in mice. It also inhibited CGRP release from dura mater and the trigeminal ganglion isolated from spontaneous trigeminal allodynic rats. The hypersensitivity was also diminished by the structurally different ATP sensitive potassium channel inhibitor gliquidone. Mice injected with the ATP sensitive potassium channel opener levcromakalim developed a progressive hypersensitivity that was completely blocked by glibenclamide, confirming target engagement. Conclusion The results suggest that ATP sensitive potassium channel inhibitors could be novel and highly effective drugs in the treatment of migraine.
Experiences of Clients in Three Types of Methadone Maintenance Therapy in an Atlantic Canadian City: A Qualitative Study
Authors: MacNeill Lillian , Brunelle Caroline , Skelding Brittany , DiTommaso Enrico 
Published: May 2020

Background Methadone maintenance therapy remains the most common form of substitution therapy for opioid use disorder in Canada. Effectiveness of methadone maintenance therapy has been established, but recently newer treatment delivery models have emerged. Differences across these treatment models have not been examined. Purpose This descriptive qualitative study used semi-structured interviews to assess client experiences in three methadone maintenance therapy treatment delivery models: (a) comprehensive programs, (b) low-threshold/high-tolerance programs, and (c) fee-for-service programs. Methods A total of 32 participants were recruited from methadone maintenance therapy clinics in an Atlantic Canadian city and grouped into three models of care ( na = 9, nb = 11, nc = 12). Content analysis was performed on interview data to assess the frequency of relevant themes in the data. Results Participants from all groups stressed the importance of supportive staff and having access to some form of counselling. However, low-threshold/high-tolerance and fee-for-service clients voiced a need for more formal counselling and programming at their clinics. Methadone was reported as the most helpful aspect of the methadone maintenance therapy programs; however, participants also expressed negative views about the substance. Conclusions These findings have important implications for the development and implementation of methadone maintenance therapy, specifically pertaining to further integration of addiction and mental health services.
Task content routinisation, technological change and labour turnover: Evidence from China
Authors: Yuhong Du , Xiahai Wei 
Published: May 2020

This article addresses the unresolved question of whether recent technological change causes job instability in a non-western context. China is now the world’s largest user of industrial robots. A Lewis turning point has been predicted, involving a transition from a plentiful supply of rural low-cost workers to a labour shortage economy in which rising labour costs drive labour-technology substitution. The routine-biased technological change hypothesis suggests that technology-induced routinisation in job task content has a profound impact on employment structure. This study captures the extent of routinisation of jobs in the transitional context of China and examines the incidence and impact of routinisation on labour turnover in the labour market. Using rotating panel data from the China Labour-force Dynamics Survey 2012, 2014 and 2016, this study, based on individual information with regard to flexibility in work schedules and degree of autonomy in workload and task content on the job, follows a recently developed measure to construct a routine intensity index and indicates a division into three routine intensity groups. The empirical findings show that the probability of job mobility is significantly increased with the magnitude of routine task intensity, suggesting that the process of technology-induced routinisation is strongly associated with labour turnover.JEL Codes: J63, J20
Telesimulation for COVID-19 Ventilator Management Training With Social-Distancing Restrictions During the Coronavirus Pandemic
Authors: Naik Neel , Finkelstein Robert Alan , Howell Joy , Rajwani Kapil , Ching Kevin 
Published: May 2020

Background. In early 2020, the novel coronavirus pandemic forced communities around the globe to shut down and isolate. Routine graduate medical education activities have also been suspended as resident and fellow physicians-in-training have been re-deployed to support critical patient care services. Innovation. We developed a two-part hybrid telesimulation model to teach COVID-19 ventilator management strategies while physically separating a group of learners and an instructor from one another. Learners consisted of non-ICU health care providers with limited experience in ventilator management being redeployed to manage ICU level COVID-19 infected patients. In the first week, the video tutorial has been viewed over 500 times and we have facilitated 14 telesimulation sessions, including 48 participants comprised of hospitalists, emergency medicine physicians and physician assistants, pediatric residents, nurses, and a nurse educator. Conclusion. We believe that the combination of a video tutorial followed by an interactive telesimulation was successful in providing timely education during a coronavirus pandemic. Furthermore, it reinforced the value and flexibility in which simulation education could continue conveniently for learners despite significant restrictions in place during the coronavirus pandemic. Research is needed to assess the efficacy of this hybrid intervention in preparing healthcare workers and to determine if the knowledge is successfully transferred to the clinical setting.
Emergent Warfarin Reversal With Fixed-Dose 4-Factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate
Authors: Jansma Brianna , Montgomery Josephine , Dietrich Scott , Mixon Mark A. , Peksa Gary D. , Faine Brett 
Published: May 2020

Background: Four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4FPCC) is used for emergent warfarin reversal, but dosing remains controversial. Following approval, further studies have evaluated a variety of fixed-dose regimens. The studies utilized lower doses as compared with package insert dosing and provided data in regard to efficacy, safety, and cost savings. Further data are needed, however, to determine which fixed-dose regimen provides optimal efficacy and safety for emergent warfarin reversal. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and cost-savings of a fixed-dose 4FPCC protocol. Methods: This multicentered, retrospective chart review of adult patients requiring 4FPCC for emergent warfarin reversal utilized a fixed-dose regimen of 1500 units. The 2 primary outcomes were the proportion of patients who achieved a post-4FPCC international normalized ratio (INR) of ≤1.5 and ≤2. Secondary outcomes included thrombotic events within 7 days of 4FPCC administration and survival to discharge. A cost analysis was also performed to identify potential cost savings. Results: Of the 64 patients included, 44 (68.8%) achieved a post-4FPCC INR ≤1.5, and 61 (95.3%) achieved a post-4FPCC INR ≤2.0. No thrombotic events were reported; 55 (85.9%) patients survived to hospital discharge. More than $1000 was saved per patient via utilization of the fixed-dose protocol. Conclusion and Relevance: A fixed-dose of 1500 units of 4FPCC successfully achieved a target INR of ≤1.5 in the majority of patients and resulted in no thrombotic events. This study adds to the data evaluating alternative 4FPCC dosing regimens in comparison to package insert recommended dosing.
An Assessment of Normal Tibiofibular Anatomy on Lateral Fluoroscopy
Authors: Cogan Charles , Liu Tiffany , Toogood Paul 
Published: May 2020

Background: Intraoperative identification of syndesmotic malreduction during ankle fracture fixation can be challenging. Prior studies describe the normal tibiofibular relationship on anteroposterior and mortise views to aid assessment, but the normal anatomic variation on the lateral view has not been well defined. The aim of this study was to describe the normal anatomy of the lateral radiographic view of the ankle, focusing on the relative position of the fibula and tibial plafond. Methods: We retrospectively identified consecutive adults undergoing ankle fracture open reduction internal fixation in 2011-2018. Two independent observers assessed the tibiofibular relationship on perfect lateral images of the uninjured side. Measurements were made in pixels, converted into millimeters using published parameters, and averaged for analysis. Reliability was calculated using Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: Of 751 cases of adult ankle fracture fixation identified, 50 patients had perfect lateral images of the contralateral side. In 11 patients (22%), the posterior border of the fibula intersected precisely at the posterior edge of the tibial plafond. Ten patients (20%) had anterior intersections, whereas 29 (58%) had posterior intersections. The intersection was within ±2 mm of the plafond edge in 27 patients (54%). Intrarater reliability was 0.86 and 0.93. Interrater reliability was 0.88. Conclusion: In most ankles, the posterior border of the fibula intersects the posterior extent of the tibial plafond within 2 mm. If more than 2 mm away, one should query malreduction, especially if anterior. This method of intraoperative assessment may decrease the occurrence of syndesmotic malreduction. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative series.
Motor atypicalities in infancy are associated with general developmental level at 2 years, but not autistic symptoms
Authors: Achermann Sheila , Nyström Pär , Bölte Sven , Falck-Ytter Terje 
Published: May 2020

Atypical motor development has frequently been reported in infants at elevated likelihood for autism spectrum disorder. However, no previous study has used detailed motion capture technology to compare infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder and infant siblings with no familial history of autism spectrum disorder. We investigated reaching movements during an interceptive action task in 10-month-old infants using kinematic data with high spatiotemporal resolution. The results indicated that several measures were different in infants at elevated likelihood. However, longitudinal analyses revealed that while specific infant motor measures (e.g. number of movement units) were related to broad measures of general developmental level in toddlerhood, the associations with later autism spectrum disorder symptomatology were not significant. These findings confirm that some aspects of motor functioning are atypical in infants at elevated likelihood for autism spectrum disorder, but provide no support for the view that these issues are specifically linked to autism spectrum disorder symptoms, but may rather reflect neurodevelopment more generally. Lay abstract Atypicalities in motor functioning are often observed in later born infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder. The goal of our study was to investigate motor functioning in infants with and without familial history of autism spectrum disorder. Specifically, we investigated how infants catch a ball that is rolling toward them following a non-straight path, a task that requires both efficient planning and execution. Their performance was measured using detailed three-dimensional motion capture technology. We found that several early motor functioning measures were different in infants with an older autistic sibling compared to controls. However, these early motor measures were not related to autistic symptoms at the age of 2 years. Instead, we found that some of the early motor measures were related to their subsequent non-social, general development. The findings of our study help us understand motor functioning early in life and how motor functioning is related to other aspects of development.
Adjusting for adherence in randomized trials when adherence is measured as a continuous variable: An application to the Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial
Authors: Wanis Kerollos Nashat , Madenci Arin L , Hernán Miguel A , Murray Eleanor J 
Published: May 2020

Background: Clinicians and patients may be more interested in per-protocol effect estimates than intention-to-treat effect estimates from randomized trials. However, per-protocol effect estimates may be biased due to insufficient adjustment for prognostic factors that predict adherence. Adjustment for this bias is possible when appropriate methods, such as inverse probability weighting, are used. But, when adherence is measured as a continuous variable, constructing these weights can be challenging. Methods: In the placebo arm of the Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial, we estimated the 7-year cumulative incidence of coronary heart disease under 100% adherence and 0% adherence to placebo. We used dose-response discrete-hazards models with inverse probability weighting to adjust for pre- and post-randomization covariates. We considered several continuous distributions for constructing the inverse probability weights. Results: The risk difference estimate for 100% adherence compared with 0% adherence ranged from −7.7 to −6.1 percentage points without adjustment for baseline and post-baseline covariates, and ranged from −1.8 to 2.2 percentage points with adjustment using inverse probability weights, depending on the dose-response model and inverse probability weight distribution used. Conclusions: Methods which appropriately adjust for time-varying post-randomization variables can explain away much of the bias in the “effect” of adherence to placebo. When considering continuous adherence, investigators should consider several models as estimates may be sensitive to the model chosen.