bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of mutagenic activity of toxic waste polygon (Kalush) soil’s chemical pollution by the level of cytogenetic disorders in Triticum aestivum L.
Authors: Valyuk V. F. , Yakymchuk R. A. , Sobolenko L. Yu. , Sorokina S. I. 
Published: November 2020

Aim. To study the frequency and spectrum of cytogenetic disorders in Triticum aestivum L. with prolonged action on soil xenobiotic seeds of toxic waste storage areas and to explore the level of their mutagenic activity in comparison with the action of NMS’s moderate and high concentrations. Methods. Cytogenetic disorders induced by soil’s chemical contamination of toxic waste landfill of Dombrovsky Quarry dump (Kalush city) and influence of NMS’s moderate and high concentrations were determined in the cells of the meristem root using the ana-thelophase method. Results. Soil’s chemical contamination of the studied objects exhibits high mutagenic activity, which exceeds the control level by 1.8–3.8 times and does not yield to the mutagenic activity of NMS’s moderate concentrations. The high frequency of chromosomal aberrations at the low concentration of hexachlorobenzene in the soil of the Dombrovsky Quarry dumps is a consequence of its complex interaction with natural mineral compounds of the mountain chemical raw materials. Conclusions. The increasing of the spectrum of cytogenetic disorders induced by chemical soil contamination the proportion of bridges and the chromosomal rings testify radiomimetic properties of the mutagenic factors. The increasing of the number of cells with multiple aberrations indicates a high genotoxicity of hexachlorobenzene and the risk of serious genetic consequences in the case of falling it’s into the environment.
Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., toxic waste, mitosis disorders, chromosomal aberrations, mutagenic activity.
Appraisal of Main Extreme Parameters of Earthquakes in Nigeria Using the Weibull Equations
Authors: Abong A. A. , Asuquo B. U. , Ushie C. A. 
Published: November 2020

This study investigated earthquake occurrences in Nigeria using the Weibull equations. The data employed in this study was the historical and instrumental data recorded from 1933 to 2018. The relationship between intensity scale and Richter magnitude scale given by Gutenberg and Richter
was used to convert from intensity scale to Richter scale. The Weibull equations were used to compute probabilities and return periods of earthquakes. The findings of the study revealed that the return period for an earthquake of magnitude 6.5 on Richter’s scale is 86 years; an earthquake of magnitude 4.7 is 34.4 years; an earthquake of magnitude 4.2 is 17.2 years and earthquake of magnitudes 2-3.7 is between 5.56-14.3years. This implies that Nigeria may not likely experience any earthquake of magnitude 6.5 till the year 2025 since earthquake of magnitude 6.5 last occurred in 1939 but the probability of occurrence is 1.16% or 0.0116. Earthquakes of highest magnitudes 6.5, 4.7 and 4.2 on Richter’s scale for a 100 year period which indicate the most hazardous in the location with probabilities exceedance of 1.16%, 2.91% and 4.65% were evaluated. It was observed that as the time increases the probability of occurrence of these earthquakes increases with it and vice versa with magnitude 4.2 having (99.1%), magnitude 4.7 having (94.8%) and magnitude 6.5 having (80.07%). But earthquake forecast or prediction is still a complicated issue due to saturation of earthquake magnitudes and variation in seismic data collection by different seismic stations and networks. The implication of this study is that the findings will help Nigeria government to protect its people, infrastructures and the constructions that are going to take place especially earthquake – prone areas like southwestern Nigeria.
Occurrence and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Listeria Species Isolated from Ready-to-eat Mixed Vegetable Salad Sold in Fast Food Eateries in Port Harcourt
Authors: Eruteya Onoriode C. 
Published: November 2020

Aims: The study aim to evaluate the occurrence and antibiotic susceptibility of Listeria species in ready-to-eat (RTE) mixed vegetable salad sold in selected fast food eateries in Port Harcourt.
Study Design: This work was based on a completely randomized design with two replications and the average values calculated for mean comparison.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was done in Food and Industrial Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, between June and December, 2018.
Methodology: The study evaluated the occurrence and antibiotic susceptibility of Listeria species isolated from 100 samples of ready-to-eat (RTE) mixed vegetable salad sold in selected fast food eateries in Port Harcourt, using standard procedures involving Fraser broth, polymycin? acriflavin lithium chloride ceftazidime aesculin mannitol (PALCAM) agar, Mueller Hinton agar and multiple antibiotic disc.
Results: Of the 100 samples examined, 14% were positive for Listeria species. The Listeria isolates were identified on the basis of their physiological and biochemical characteristics as L. innocua (56.52%), L. welshimeri (34.78%) L. grayi (8.70%). The antibiotic susceptibility results reveal varying resistance against gentamicin (8.69%), augmentin (66.67%), amoxicillin (58.33%), erythromycin (25.00%), tetracycline (45.83%), cotrimoxazole (37.50%), chloramphenicol (41.67%) and cloxacillin (62.50%).
Conclusion: Although no L. monocytogenes was detected in the samples examined, the presence of L. innocua often reported as masking L. monocytogenes in growth media is a source of concern to public health experts and a potential threat to consumers.
Reasons for Hospitalization and In‐Hospital Mortality in Adult Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Manadan Augustine M. , Kambhatla Soumyasri , Gauto‐Mariotti Estefania , Okoli Chimuanya , Block Joel A. 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with an increased risk of hospitalization. Multiple studies have reported SLE flare, infection, and cardiovascular (CV) events as the most common reasons for hospitalization. The aim of this study was to use a large US population–based database to comprehensively analyze all indications for adult SLE hospitalization and reasons for in‐hospital mortality.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of SLE hospitalizations in 2017 from the National Inpatient Sample database. The “reason for hospitalization” and “reason for in‐hospital mortality” in patients with SLE were divided into 19 categories based on their principal International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐10) diagnosis.ResultsA total of 180 975 hospitalizations carried either a principal or secondary ICD‐10 code for SLE. The leading reasons for hospitalization were CV (16%), rheumatologic (13%), infectious (11%), respiratory (10%), and gastrointestinal (10%). SLE itself was the principal diagnosis in only 6% of the hospitalizations. In‐hospital death occurred in 1 of every 50 SLE hospitalizations. Infectious (37%) and CV diagnoses (21%) were the most common reasons for in‐hospital death, with sepsis being the most frequent reason for death.ConclusionThis analysis represents the only report to date that comprehensively categorizes the reasons for hospitalization and reasons for in‐hospital mortality of patients with SLE on a US national level. SLE itself was the principal diagnosis for only a small percentage of hospitalizations. CV diagnoses were the most common reason for hospitalization. In‐hospital death occurred in 1 of every 50 SLE hospitalizations. Infectious and CV diagnoses were the most common reason for in‐hospital death.
High Triplet Energy Hosts for Blue Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wang Yaxiong , Yun Ju Hui , Wang Lei , Lee Jun Yeob 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBlue organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been a bottleneck for OLEDs lighting and flexible displays. Improving the operational lifetimes and simultaneously decreasing efficiency roll‐off while maintaining high quantum efficiency is currently a challenge in the scientific community and industry. Optimizing the fabrication process of devices and developing stable and efficient luminescence and transporting materials and developing host materials with high triplet energy is an effective way to overcome this obstacle. On the one hand, the host material can disperse the blue emitters to reduce the possibility of exciton annihilation. On the other hand, it can adjust the carrier transport, exciton formation, and energy transfer in the device. In recent years, many efforts have been undertaken for the design, synthesis, and applications of the novel host. A systematic summary and comments on the recent advances of high triplet energy hosts for blue OLEDs are provided here, which specifically include bipolar transport hosts, single thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) hosts, TADF assistant hosts, exciplex hosts, exciplex free type mixed hosts, and electroplex hosts. Moreover, future prospects for host for high performance blue OLEDs are also proposed.
Preintercalation Strategy in Manganese Oxides for Electrochemical Energy Storage: Review and Prospects
Authors: Zhao Qinghe , Song Aoye , Ding Shouxiang , Qin Runzhi , Cui Yanhui , Li Shuning , Pan Feng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractManganese oxides (MnO2) are promising cathode materials for various kinds of battery applications, including Li‐ion, Na‐ion, Mg‐ion, and Zn‐ion batteries, etc., due to their low‐cost and high‐capacity. However, the practical application of MnO2 cathodes has been restricted by some critical issues including low electronic conductivity, low utilization of discharge depth, sluggish diffusion kinetics, and structural instability upon cycling. Preintercalation of ions/molecules into the crystal structure with/without structural reconstruction provides essential optimizations to alleviate these issues. Here, the intrinsic advantages and mechanisms of the preintercalation strategy in enhancing electronic conductivity, activating more active sites, promoting diffusion kinetics, and stabilizing the structural integrity of MnO2 cathode materials are summarized. The current challenges related to the preintercalation strategy, along with prospects for the future research and development regarding its implementation in the design of high‐performance MnO2 cathodes for the next‐generation batteries are also discussed.
Biomimetic Diselenide‐Bridged Mesoporous Organosilica Nanoparticles as an X‐ray‐Responsive Biodegradable Carrier for Chemo‐Immunotherapy
Authors: Shao Dan , Zhang Fan , Chen Fangman , Zheng Xiao , Hu Hanze , Yang Chao , Tu Zhaoxu , Wang Zheng , Chang Zhimin , Lu Junna , Li Tianyu , Zhang Yuan , Chen Li , Leong Kam W. , Dong Wen‐fei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChemotherapy causes off‐target toxicity and is often ineffective against solid tumors. Targeted and on‐demand release of chemotherapeutics remains a challenge. Here, cancer‐cell‐membrane‐coated mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (MONs) containing X‐ray‐ and reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐responsive diselenide bonds for controlled release of doxorubicin (DOX) at tumor sites are developed. DOX‐loaded MONs coated with 4T1 breast cancer cell membranes (CM@MON@DOX) show greater accumulation at tumor sites and prolonged blood circulation time versus an uncoated control in mice bearing 4T1 orthotopic mammary tumors. Under low‐dose X‐ray radiation, the DOX‐loaded MONs exhibit carrier degradation‐controlled release via cleavage of diselenide bonds, resulting in DOX‐mediated immunogenic cell death at the tumor site. Combination with a PD‐L1 checkpoint blockade further enhances inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis with low systemic toxicity. Together, the findings show the promise of these biomimetic, radiation‐responsive diselenide‐bond‐bridged MONs in chemo‐immunotherapy.
Bioinspired Transport Surface Driven by Air Flow
Authors: Zhang Tianzhan , Wang Yuefeng , Dai Bing , Xu Tailin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDirectional transportation as is a common phenomenon in nature, has significant potential in advanced devices and technology. Most of the studies focus on the directional transport of water on an anisotropic surface with gradients in Laplace pressure. However, rare attentions are paid to on‐demand transportation of macroscale object on static microscale anisotropic structure. Herein, bioinspired by the phenomenon that the breath air promotes the mucus gel transport in trachea, a transport system by combining static microcilia with anisotropic structure, water layer, and air‐blowing device, realizing directional transport of macroscale object under air flow is fabricated. Owing to the anisotropic friction, the anisotropic microcilia arrays achieve transporting centi‐scale hydrogel slice when air flow along their tilted direction. In contrast, air flow against their tilted direction results in hard transport. By introducing cobalt nanoparticles into microcilia, the transport direction can also be easy tuned by regulating the magnetic field. This contribution should expand more properties and functions of anisotropic surface, and provides a clue to design the next generation of micro‐electromechanical systems.
Wafer‐Scale Fabrication of 2D β‐In2Se3 Photodetectors
Authors: Claro Marcel S. , Grzonka Justyna , Nicoara Nicoleta , Ferreira Paulo J. , Sadewasser Sascha 
Published: November 2020

Abstract2D materials are considered the future of electronics and photonics, stimulated by their remarkable performance. Among the 2D materials family, β‐In2Se3 shows good mobility, excellent photoresponsivity, and exotic ferroelectricity, making it suitable for a wide variety of applications. To date, most reported devices from 2D materials in general, and β‐In2Se3 in specific, rely on cumbersome fabrication methods using mechanical exfoliation and transfer of layers onto other substrates. However, for a successful adoption of 2D materials in industry, reliable and reproducible large‐area growth of 2D materials is required. Here, the wafer‐scale epitaxial growth of 2D β‐In2Se3 on c‐sapphire using molecular beam epitaxy is demonstrated. Excellent materials quality of thick (90 nm) and very thin films, down to two quintuple layers (2 nm) is confirmed. Furthermore, the fabrication of hundreds of photodetector devices on a 2 in. wafer, using five quintuple layers of β‐In2Se3, is demonstrated. They are sensitive to near‐infrared light up to 898 nm wavelength and show a response time of ≈7 ms, which is faster than any result previously reported for β‐In2Se3 photodetectors. The devices are produced using photolithography and other standard semiconductor processing methods, which allows easy integration into the current Si technology.
Aluminum for Near Infrared Plasmonics: Amplified Up‐Conversion Photoluminescence from Core–Shell Nanoparticles on Periodic Lattices
Authors: Gao Yuan , Murai Shunsuke , Shinozaki Kenji , Ishii Satoshi , Tanaka Katsuhisa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAluminum (Al) is known as a plasmonic material effective in a wide frequency range up to the ultraviolet, while its plasmonic properties in the near infrared region have been less explored. In this study, up‐conversion (UC) photoluminescence is amplified by using an Al nanostructure to demonstrate that Al is a useful plasmonic material in the near infrared region as well. A periodic lattice of Al nanocylinders is selected as a plasmonic nanostructure, where the size of nanocylinder and the period of the lattice are tuned to match both the localized surface plasmon resonance and in‐plane diffraction to the absorption wavelength (λ = 980 nm) for the UC process. Core–shell‐type UC nanoparticles (NPs) are designed to suppress the energy transfer from NPs to Al cylinders which reduces the UC photoluminescence intensity. The resulting optimized core–shell UCNPs combined with the Al plasmonic lattice leads to over 100‐fold enhancement of UC intensity. The use of Al instead of conventional Au as a plasmonic material is beneficial from the point of view of low cost and abundance of element.
Reconfigurable Flat Optics with Programmable Reflection Amplitude Using Lithography‐Free Phase‐Change Material Ultra‐Thin Films
Authors: Cueff Sébastien , Taute Arnaud , Bourgade Antoine , Lumeau Julien , Monfray Stephane , Song Qinghua , Genevet Patrice , Devif Brice , Letartre Xavier , Berguiga Lotfi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA very large dynamic optical reflection modulation from a simple unpatterned layered stack of phase‐change material ultra‐thin films is experimentally demonstrated. Specifically, this work demonstrates that properly designed systems comprising deeply subwavelength GeSbTe (GST) films, a dielectric spacer, and a metallic mirror produce a dynamic modulation of light in the near‐infrared from very strong reflection (up to ) to perfect absorption () by simply controlling the crystalline state of the phase‐change material. While the amplitude of modulation experimentally reaches an optical contrast higher than 104, intermediate levels of reflection in between extreme values can also be actively encoded, corresponding to partial crystallization of the GST layer. Several layered system designs are further explored and guidelines are provided to tailor the efficient wavelength range, the angle of operation, and the degree of crystallization leading to perfect absorption.
Propelling DNA Computing with Materials’ Power: Recent Advancements in Innovative DNA Logic Computing Systems and Smart Bio‐Applications
Authors: Fan Daoqing , Wang Juan , Wang Erkang , Dong Shaojun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDNA computing is recognized as one of the most outstanding candidates of next‐generation molecular computers that perform Boolean logic using DNAs as basic elements. Benefiting from DNAs’ inherent merits of low‐cost, easy‐synthesis, excellent biocompatibility, and high programmability, DNA computing has evoked substantial interests and gained burgeoning advancements in recent decades, and also exhibited amazing magic in smart bio‐applications. In this review, recent achievements of DNA logic computing systems using multifarious materials as building blocks are summarized. Initially, the operating principles and functions of different logic devices (common logic gates, advanced arithmetic and non‐arithmetic logic devices, versatile logic library, etc.) are elaborated. Afterward, state‐of‐the‐art DNA computing systems based on diverse “toolbox” materials, including typical functional DNA motifs (aptamer, metal‐ion dependent DNAzyme, G‐quadruplex, i‐motif, triplex, etc.), DNA tool‐enzymes, non‐DNA biomaterials (natural enzyme, protein, antibody), nanomaterials (AuNPs, magnetic beads, graphene oxide, polydopamine nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, DNA‐templated nanoclusters, upconversion nanoparticles, quantum dots, etc.) or polymers, 2D/3D DNA nanostructures (circular/interlocked DNA, DNA tetrahedron/polyhedron, DNA origami, etc.) are reviewed. The smart bio‐applications of DNA computing to the fields of intelligent analysis/diagnosis, cell imaging/therapy, amongst others, are further outlined. More importantly, current “Achilles’ heels” and challenges are discussed, and future promising directions of this field are also recommended.
Interface Modification in Three‐Terminal Organic Memory and Synaptic Device
Authors: Zheng Chaoyue , Liao Yuan , Han Su‐Ting , Zhou Ye 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInterface is a valuable research area for the three‐terminal organic memory device, which is an important member of memory family, as the transport and trapping operation of charge carriers are related to the interfaces between semiconductor/dielectric layers and source‐drain electrodes/semiconductor layer. This progress report highlights the developments of the interface effect for three‐terminal organic memory devices. First, the goals of the interface modification, mainly to adjust the morphology, enhance the adhesion between two layers, change the surface diploes, and regulate the surface energy, are described since the memory characteristic depends on the interfacial property. Second, two common methods are proposed to improve the performance of devices through interface engineering, including fabricating self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) and thin films with polymers as the interfacial layer. Third, three‐terminal organic memory devices would also be introduced in interfacial engineering since they can be used to simulate various functions of synapses. In the end of this report, the challenges of the interface modification in three‐terminal organic memory devices are discussed.
Enhancing the Electrochemical Doping Efficiency in Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐Based Polymer for Organic Electrochemical Transistors
Authors: Wu Xihu , Liu Qian , Surendran Abhijith , Bottle Steven E. , Sonar Prashant , Leong Wei Lin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe increasing interest in organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) for next‐generation bioelectronic applications motivates the design of novel conjugated polymers with good electronic and ionic transport. Many conjugated polymers developed for organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) exhibit high charge carrier mobilities but they are not suitable for OECTs due to poor ion‐uptake arising from the non polar alkyl chain substituted on the conjugated backbone. They are also sensitive to moisture, resulting in poor performance in aqueous electrolytes. Herein, the widely used conjugated building block diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) is used and functionalized it with polar triethylene glycol side chains (PTDPP‐DT) to promote ion penetration. The electrical performance of PTDPP‐DT based OECT in two types of aqueous electrolytes is studied and the electrochemical doping response is investivated. It is found that the tetrafluoroborate (BF4−) anion with large crystallographic radius allows high‐efficiency electrochemical doping of the PTDPP‐DT polymer, and thus gives rise to the high transconductance of 21.4 ± 4.8 mS with good device stability, where it maintained over 91 % of its doped‐state drain current after over 500 cycles of pulse measurement.
Charge‐Transfer‐Induced Multivalent States with Resultant Emergent Magnetism in Transition‐Metal Oxide Heterostructures
Authors: Niu Wei , Fang Yue‐Wen , Zhang Xiaoqian , Weng Yakui , Chen Yongda , Zhang Hui , Gan Yulin , Yuan Xiao , Zhang Shengjie , Sun Jiabao , Wang Yile , Wei Lujun , Xu Yongbing , Wang Xuefeng , Liu Wenqing , Pu Yong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTransition‐metal oxide (TMO) heterostructures provide fertile grounds for creating and manipulating intriguing properties and functionalities. At the interface of TMO heterostructures, electronic reconstructions generally occur via charge transfer and lead to an extraordinary spectrum of emergent phenomena but unattainable in their bulk constituents. However, the basic mechanism of charge transfer at the interface is not fully determined or even understood in heterostructures, which may hide the underlying mechanisms and intriguing physics. Herein, an intrinsic charge transfer and resultant exotic ferromagnetism are unambiguously observed in the heterostructures between the nonmagnetic LaCoO3 (LCO) and SrTiO3 (STO). Combining element‐specific X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and atomic multiplet fitting, direct evidence of charge transfer‐induced multivalence of cobalt ions, interactions of which would contribute to the novel magnetism beyond the intuition, in concert with first‐principles density‐functional‐theory calculations, is demonstrated. Beyond LCO/STO system, a more broadly applicable principle for the heterostructures between 3d TMO and STO where charge transfer and resultant multivalence or conducting interfaces are coexistent is establish. This study represents an advance that the electronic reconstruction and the multiple electron configurations of 3d transition metal ions will constitute a powerful tool for the designs of functional materials and creations of unconventional physical properties.