bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Augmented/Mixed Reality and Process Safety Applications
Authors: Potts Jeff , Sookdeo Terrance 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Effective management of process safety risks while delivering flawless operational execution in an evolving oil and gas industry requires innovative applications of digital technology. Augmented Reality (AR) or Mixed Reality (MR) technologies have tremendous potential to meet these challenges by providing realworld digital landscape to intuitively interact with data, train personnel, and mitigate process safety risks.
However, a major challenge with AR and MR technologies is the limited processing power and capability of available hardware. A cloud-based software platform can overcome these computational limitations of AR and MR devices, enabling interaction with significantly more complex 3D content. Additionally, enabling real-time connectivity across different hardware architectures – such as smartphones and Microsoft HoloLens devices – creating powerful new capability for remote collaboration. This unique software platform transforms consumer-grade AR and MR devices into powerful industrial tools for oil and gas applications.
This paper will illustrate the application of AR/MR technology in critical risk management including the adoption of AR/MR technology for process safety operational readiness and response capability to critical risk associated with major accident hazards. Enhanced AR/MR provides full-scale virtual digital landscapes that enable practical demonstration of crew resource management including the evaluation of collaborative human performance in teamwork activities. Using gamified AR/MR techniques, allows for multiple outcomes based on user inputs to test decision-making and eliminate human errors. These enabling technologies can drive significant improvements in process safety risk management while increasing operational efficiencies across the oil and gas industry.
Mitigation Options to Control Greenhouse Gas Emissions in a Colombian Oil Field
Authors: Guerrero-Martin Camilo Andrés , Guerrero-Martin Laura Estefanía , Szklo Alexandre 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions contribute to climate change and can negatively affect the reputation of petroleum companies, being a challenge for their operation. This study evaluates three options for reducing GHG emissions in the Llanito field, located in Santander, Colombia. The first is based on curbing gas flaring, by building natural gas pipelines and promoting the use of the gas. The second considers the installation of a steam recovery unit in a flash tank. The third comprises the CO2 capture and subsequent injection in the hydrocarbon reservoir (CCS), aiming at enhancing oil recovery (EOR). Findings show that, in the first case, emission decreased from 21.05 gCO2/bbl to 16.71 gCO2/bbl. The second case lowered emission intensity by 3.24 gCO2/bbl, and in the third case, emission intensity decreased from 25.01 gCO2/bbl to 17.58 gCO2/bbl. The implementation of the three cases together (case I + case II + case II) has a potential to reduce the emission intensity by 19.01 gCO2/bbl.
Roadmaps for Social Performance Change Management
Authors: Astudillo Paredes Diego Fernando , Arts Hendrikus Wilhelmus 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The emphasis of literature on social performance is on good practices in social management to obtain and maintain "social license to operate", but there is little literature (and exchange of ideas) on how to develop social competence within the business and move as a business from a current situation to a desired situation in social performance and community engagement. This paper is aimed to share the systemic and integral change management approach that was defined and is currently implemented by an oil & gas company to move towards a social performance function that is embedded within the business.
In response to community conflict, the company initiated a process of reflection and innovation to move towards an engagement model for sustainable relationship and long-term coexistence with the native communities of its area of influence. The company started with a diagnosis of the current situation and a benchmarking exercise. Roadmaps were developed by multi-area taskforces for each pillar of the new model (impact management, sustainable social investment, negotiation based on principles and interest and participatory monitoring), that address both the internal (social competence and alignment) as well as the external context (stakeholder engagement and social responsability for social license to operate).
As result, the company has adopted a new engagement model with communities that is widely accepted within the Business Unit. Roadmaps with milestones to guide and measure change management are being implemented, seeking for embedment of the social performance function within the business. Although still working in progress, it has already allowed to develop community engagement based on shared criteria and multi-area commitment, which is facilitating a growing internal alignment and understanding to address and develop social performance along functional department lines. Early achievements show that the Company moves towards a social performance function which is supported by appropriate capability in specialist domains of work, application of social science methods and modes of analysis, address social performance issues along functional department lines with the ability to influence mainstream business processes, understanding of the local context, and alignment with international standards and best practices.
Optimizing Local Content through an Early Entry Strategy and Applications of Lessons Learned: The Guyana Case Study – Centre for Local Business Development Centre
Authors: Roberts Treacy , Henry Patrick 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Local content optimization is one of ExxonMobil's global best practices. Once oil was discovered in Guyana, ExxonMobil Guyana made the unprecedented decision of initiating local supplier development before Final Investment Decision (FID) and contractually mandated prime contractors to work to support a robust local content regime. Initial steps taken included:
Establishing local content requirements in the prime contractor contracts and hiring DAI Global (DAI) to establish the Centre for Local Business Development to provide a mechanism to engage local businesses. Contracting DAI Global to analyze the Guyanese business environment, identify early opportunities for local content, develop fit-for-purpose development programs, and plan for long-term sustainability of the Centre. Modifying standard procurement practices to facilitate local supplier entry into the oil and gas market through supplier forums, unbundling and supplier mentoring activities.
The Centre for Local Business Development (Centre) was conceptualized and announced months before FID. The Centre provides fit-for-purpose local supplier development programs based on the evolving needs of local businesses to enter the oil and gas supply chain. The Centre focuses on three key areas: supplier engagement and registration, general business support, and supplier development. Engagement and registration focuses on allowing businesses to garner the necessary information to make strategic investment decisions. General business support aims to build a pool of businesses compliant international standards. Supplier development utilizes mentoring programs to enable businesses to make the transition into the oil and gas supply chain and potentially win tenders.
Optimizing local content in countries where industrial development is limited requires understanding the local supply chain and implementation of fit for purpose interventions as early as possible; testing initiatives; and adapting to the needs of local suppliers, operator and prime contractors. This paper outlines how early intervention in local capacity building enables local companies in a developing market (inadequate business infrastructure and systems) to successfully transition into the oil and gas value chain.
Safety Performance Trends in the Oil & Gas Industry in Latin America
Authors: Le Moenner Tiphaine , Ferragut Pablo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this report is to show the evolution and improvements in safety performance of the companies in the Oil & Gas sector in Latin America and to explore the possible reasons of the improvement achieved.
The assessment consists of two different steps: the quantitative analysis, which evaluates safety indicators and identifies the trends, and the qualitative one, which tries to identify the root causes of the safety performance evolution.
Two widely used indicators are employed here to assess safety performance: Total Recordable Injury Rate (TRIR) and Fatality Rate (FAR). Five business lines are considered: E&P, Refining, Transportation, Distribution and Others. All the results include both the company employees and the contractor employees.
Data were directly submitted by ARPEL member companies for the period 2014-2018.
For the qualitative assessment, four semi-structured interviews to subject matter experts from Oil & Gas companies were conducted in 2019.
Data gathered during the last 5 years show a positive trend regarding TRIR in the Oil & Gas industry in Latin America. This trend is robust globally and for all the business lines considered. This is not the case for the Fatality Rate that remains globally stable over the period, following a 10-year period of significant decrease between 2004 and 2014 as indicated in ARPEL's report Evolution of safety performance in the oil and gas sector (2004-2014) (Reference 1).
Improvements in the approach of human and organizational factors, the deployment of more robust safety management systems and a closer work with the front-line workers, among other factors, were mentioned as key factors for the recorded improvement of the TRIR. The industry shall focus its effort on process safety and major risks events (a single event can lead to several fatalities) and on the other side of the risk scale, on the frequent routine low risk work in order to reduce significantly the fatalities, and hence the fatality rate.
Performance Standards for Oil Spill Risk
Authors: Valeur Jens Rosendal , Andersen Lars Wahl 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Oil spill risk assessments are carried out in different ways, depending on the background for and the purpose of the analysis. One reason for these differences is the fact that oil spill risk assessment is a discipline at the interface between the technical/statistical analysis in Quantitative Risk Assessments (QRAs) and the biological/socio-economic analysis in Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs).
As a consequence of the EU Offshore Safety Directive (2013/30/EU), the risk of major environmental accidents shall now be included in QRAs for offshore oil & gas installations. Environmental Critical Elements (ECEs) shall be defined, in parallel to the Safety Critical Elements (SCE), which are analysed in QRAs. Moreover, limit values need to be defined for oil spill risk. Whereas including oil spill risk in QRAs has only been carried out systematically the latest few years, it has for many years been included in EIAs. But the extend of such analysis has varied significantly, also for the same type of projects in the same environmental settings.
This paper reviews the background for the oil spill risk analysis in QRAs and EIAs, and outlines how the approaches used differs, where the QRAs analyse the likelihood component most detailed, and the EIAs analyse the consequence component most detailed. The reason for these differences is mainly historical. QRAs have traditionally been carried out focused on safety risk for people, calculating the likelihood of accidental scenarios and the consequences in terms of number of fatalities. Also, QRAs have been carried out with the aim of identifying which elements of the system should be improved in order to reduce the likelihood of accidental events, and to identify mitigation measures that can be applied when the likelihood has been reduced as much as reasonably practicable. In contrast, EIAs has mainly focused on the consequences of oil spills which are taking place; oil dispersion is modelled, and the biota, fishery and beaches possibly being impacted are being identified and assessed. The analysis has to a large degree been qualitative in contrast to the quantitative analysis in the QRAs; partly because the consequences of oil spills are so diverse, but probably also because EIAs typically are authored by biologist mainly focusing on qualitative analysis of the impacts on the marine life, whereas QRAs are mainly authored by engineers focused on the quantitative aspects.
By highlighting the background for and the difference between oil spill risk analysis carried out in QRAs and EIAs, respectively, it is the ambition to provide a more enlightened basis for selecting methods and level of detail in oil spill risk analysis for various types of projects, and to establish a closer connection between oil spill risk analysis carried out for QRAs and oil spill risk analysis carried out for EIAs.
A Zero Accident Strategy for Oil Pipelines: Enhancing HSE Performance
Authors: Suarez Suarez Ricardo G. , Carranza Dumon Fabian , Serra Barragan Luis , McCarthy John , McFadyen Dan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This work provides options to reduce the number of oil pipeline adverse events caused by human actions, poor performance of facilities, accidents, emergencies, and external events. These alternatives provide useful tools to decision makers to prevent such events and improve the security, integrity and resilience of existing oil and gas transportation infrastructure. This research implements an in-house visualization software that is based on Structured Query Language (SQL), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and publicly available data. The system stores, sorts, and processes strategic geo-referenced data: pipelines infrastructure, transported volumes, sociodemographic factors, land use, illegal pipeline taps, and area impacted by oil pipelines incidents. By identifying the main factors that could impact the pipeline infrastructure, the system generates several graphical representations to assist in risk analysis. The work also analyses and proposes improved pipeline monitoring systems, emergency responses protocols, and non-technical tools to address operational and safety challenges for oil pipelines near local communities. The results provide valuable information for the formulation of policy and regulations to enhance pipeline safety. This work develops a comprehensive strategy based on data analysis, monitoring systems, emergency response protocols and non-technical tools to assist decision makers to improve operational safety and prevent events that could cause serious damage to local communities.
Use of plasma lactate level to predict 28-day mortality in non-elderly and elderly sepsis patients based on the MIMIC-III database
Authors: Dong Yihua , Miao Xiaoyang , Hu Yufeng , Huang Yueyue , Chen Jie , Lu Yingru , Pan Jingye 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose: We co mpared the use of lactate level for predicting 28-day mortality in non-elderly (<65 years) and elderly (≥65 years) sepsis patients who were admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). A multivariate logistic regression model was established to predict 28-day mortality for each group. Methods: This retrospective study used the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care Ⅲ, a publicly available database of ICUs. Eligible sepsis patients were at least 18 years-old, hospitalized for at least 24 h, and had lactate levels measured in the ICU. Univariate logistic regression analysis and step-wise multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with 28-day mortality. Results: The 28-day mortality was 30.9% among the 2482 patients, and was significantly greater in elderly than non-elderly patients. Within each age group, the lactate level was greater for non-survivors than survivors. Among non-survivors, the lactate level was significantly higher for the non-elderly than the elderly. Adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that non-elderly patients with lactate levels of 2.0–4.0 mmol/L and above 4.0 mmol/L had greater risk of death than those with normal lactate levels. For all patients, the stepwise logistic regression model had an area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) of 0.752; for non-elderly patients, the model had an AUROC of 0.793; for elderly patients, the model had an AUROC of 0.711. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test indicated acceptable goodness-of-fit for each group (P=0.206, P=0.646, and P= 0.482, respectively). Conclusion: In our population of sepsis patients, the lactate level was about 0.9 mmol/L lower in elderly non-survivors than non-elderly survivors. A plasma lactate level above 2.0 mmol/L was an independent risk factor for death at 28-days among non-elderly patients. Our logistic regression models effectively predicted 28-day mortality of sepsis patients in different age groups.
Single-Stage Repair of Contaminated Hernias Using a Novel Antibiotic-Impregnated Biologic Porcine Submucosa Tissue Matrix
Authors: minor samuel fulton , Brown Carl J , Rooney Paul S , hodde jason p , julien lisa , Scott Tracy M , Karimuddin Ahmer A , Raval Manoj J , Phang Terry P 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Single-stage repair of incisional hernias in contaminated fields has a high rate of surgical site infection (30-42%) when biologic grafts are used for repair. In an attempt to decrease this risk, a novel graft incorporating gentamicin into a biologic extracellular matrix derived from porcine small intestine submucosa was developed.

Methods
This prospective, multicenter, single-arm study was designed to determine the incidence of surgical site infection following implantation of the device into surgical fields characterized as CDC Class II, III, or IV.

Results
Twenty-four patients were enrolled, with 42% contaminated and 25% dirty surgical fields. After 12 months, 5 patients experienced 6 surgical site infections (21%) with infection involving the graft in 2 patients (8%). No grafts were explanted.

Conclusions
The incorporation of gentamicin into a porcine-derived biologic graft is feasible, with no observed gentamicin toxicity and low rate of device infection for patients undergoing single-stage repair of ventral hernia in contaminated settings.

Trial Registration
The study was registered March 27, 2015 at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02401334.

Keywords

Hernia repair; graft; abdominal wall reconstruction; contamination
Factors associated with seeking post-abortion care among women in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Wang Hui , Liu Yan , Xiong Ribo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background:
In China, the vast majority of induced abortion are performed in public hospitals. However, post-abortion care (PAC) services are provided through the national network of family planning clinics, which are independent of the health care system. The integration of PAC services into abortion clinics in public hospitals is a new concept. This study aimed to assess post-abortion care (PAC) utilization among abortion patients, and identify the possible factors associated with PAC uptake in Guangzhou, China.
Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 431 women aged 15-43 years in Tianhe district of Guangzhou, China during the period of June to September 2018. We estimated multivariate logistic regression model to examine the factors associated with utilization of PAC services.
Results:
The rate of PAC services utilization was 42.1%. Marital status, household registration place, knowledge of the time of fertility return after abortion and the decision maker on receiving contraception were significantly associated with PAC services utilization.
Conclusions:
The rate of PAC utilization in Guangzhou, China was low. There’s an urgent need for public hospitals to strengthen PAC services and take an active role in engaging immigrant women in their needs. Social support and culturally tailored programs should also be developed to enhance community’s awareness focusing on women’s own decision making in receiving contraception.
Be Quiet and Man Up: A Qualitative Study into Men Who Experienced Birth Trauma
Authors: Daniels Emily , Arden-Close Emily , Mayers Andrew 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background:
Research focusing on paternal mental health is limited, especially regarding the impact of the experience of poor mental health in the perinatal period. For example, little is known about the experiences of men who witness their partner’s traumatic birth and the subsequent impact on the father’s mental health. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore fathers’ experiences of witnessing a traumatic birth, how these experiences impacted their wellbeing, and what support they received during and following the traumatic birth.
Methods:
Sixty-one participants were recruited via targeted social media to complete an anonymous online qualitative questionnaire regarding their birth trauma experience. Eligible participants were aged eighteen or over, resided in the UK and had witnessed their partner’s traumatic birth (that did not result in loss of life). Thematic analysis was used to analyse the questionnaire data.
Results:
Three main themes were identified: ‘fathers’ understanding of the experience’ (subthemes: nothing can prepare you for it; merely a passenger; mixed experiences with staff; not about me); ‘life after birth trauma’ (subthemes: manhood after birth; inability to be happy; impact on relationships); and ‘the support fathers received vs what they wanted’ (subthemes: prenatal support; birth support; and postnatal support).
Conclusions:
Fathers reported that witnessing their partner’s traumatic birth had a significant impact on them. They felt this affected their mental health and relationships long into the postnatal period. However, there is no nationally recognised support in place for fathers to use as a result of their experiences. The participants attributed this to being perceived as less important than women in the postnatal period, and maternity services’ perceptions of the father more generally. Implications include ensuring support is available for mother and father following a traumatic birth, with additional staff training geared towards the father’s role.