bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulsation in faint blue stars
Authors: Byrne Conor M , Jeffery C Simon 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Following the discovery of blue large-amplitude pulsators (BLAPs) by the OGLE survey, additional hot, high-amplitude pulsating stars have been discovered by the Zwicky Transient Facility. It has been proposed that all of these objects are low-mass pre-white dwarfs and that their pulsations are driven by the opacity of iron-group elements. With this expanded population of pulsating objects, it was decided to compute a sequence of post-common-envelope stellar models using the mesa stellar evolution code and to examine the pulsation properties of low-mass pre-white dwarfs using non-adiabatic analysis with the gyre stellar oscillation code. By including the effects of atomic diffusion and radiative levitation, it is shown that a large region of instability exists from effective temperatures of 30 000 K up to temperatures of at least 50 000 K and at a wide range of surface gravities. This encompasses both groups of pulsator observed so far, and confirms that the driving mechanism is through iron group element opacity. We make some conservative estimates about the range of periods, masses, temperatures, and gravities in which further such pulsators might be observed.
Leptonic modelling of Ton 599 in flare and quiescent states
Authors: Patel S R , Chitnis V R 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
The flat-spectrum radio quasar Ton 599 attained its highest ever γ-ray flux state during the first week of 2017 November. Observations of the source by the Swift satellite during this period made it possible to generate a simultaneous high flux state broad-band spectral energy distribution (SED). The high flux state activity of Ton 599 is modelled in this work for the first time. We modelled one high flux state and one quiescent state of the source in order to characterize the evolution of SEDs covering the entire dynamic range of γ-ray flux observed by Fermi-LAT. An attempt was made to model the 2017 November state of the source using an external Compton (EC) model in the leptonic scenario. We reproduce the broad-band flaring state SED using a two-component leptonic emission model. We considered one component as an EC+synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) component and the other as pure SSC, lying further down in the jet. The EC+SSC component was located outside the broad-line region (BLR). It mainly reproduces the GeV emission by an EC process with a dusty torus (DT) photon field providing seed photons. We reproduce the broad-band emission from Ton 599 satisfactorily during its peculiar flaring state with a leptonic two-component model. Besides this, we compare the model parameters of a quiescent-state SED with the available average state model parameters in the literature.
When H ii regions are complicated: considering perturbations from winds, radiation pressure, and other effects
Authors: Geen Sam , Pellegrini Eric , Bieri Rebekka , Klessen Ralf 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
We explore to what extent simple algebraic models can be used to describe H ii regions when winds, radiation pressure, gravity, and photon breakout are included. We (a) develop algebraic models to describe the expansion of photoionized H ii regions under the influence of gravity and accretion in power-law density fields with ρ ∝ r−w, (b) determine when terms describing winds, radiation pressure, gravity, and photon breakout become significant enough to affect the dynamics of the H ii region where w = 2, and (c) solve these expressions for a set of physically motivated conditions. We find that photoionization feedback from massive stars is the principal mode of feedback on molecular cloud scales, driving accelerating outflows from molecular clouds in cases where the peaked density structure around young massive stars is considered at radii between ∼0.1 and 10–100 pc. Under a large range of conditions the effect of winds and radiation on the dynamics of H ii regions is around 10 per cent of the contribution from photoionization. The effect of winds and radiation pressure is most important at high densities, either close to the star or in very dense clouds such as those in the Central Molecular Zone of the Milky Way. Out to ∼0.1 pc they are the principal drivers of the H ii region. Lower metallicities make the relative effect of photoionization even stronger as the ionized gas temperature is higher.
Conformational ensembles of an RNA hairpin using molecular dynamics and sparse NMR data
Authors: Reißer Sabine , Zucchelli Silvia , Gustincich Stefano , Bussi Giovanni 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments allow RNA dynamics to be determined in an aqueous environment. However, when a limited number of peaks are assigned, it is difficult to obtain structural information. We here show a protocol based on the combination of experimental data (Nuclear Overhauser Effect, NOE) and molecular dynamics simulations with enhanced sampling methods. This protocol allows to (a) obtain a maximum entropy ensemble compatible with NMR restraints and (b) obtain a minimal set of metastable conformations compatible with the experimental data (maximum parsimony). The method is applied to a hairpin of 29 nt from an inverted SINEB2, which is part of the SINEUP family and has been shown to enhance protein translation. A clustering procedure is introduced where the annotation of base-base interactions and glycosidic bond angles is used as a metric. By reweighting the contributions of the clusters, minimal sets of four conformations could be found which are compatible with the experimental data. A motif search on the structural database showed that some identified low-population states are present in experimental structures of other RNA transcripts. The introduced method can be applied to characterize RNA dynamics in systems where a limited amount of NMR information is available.
Use of Electronic Cigarettes and Self-Reported Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Diagnosis in Adults
Authors: Xie Zidian , Ossip Deborah J , Rahman Irfan , Li Dongmei 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use (vaping) has increased in recent years. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death associated with smoking.

Aims and Methods
Based on 2016 and 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System national survey data on 891 242 adult participants who indicated their smoking and vaping status, the cross-sectional association of vaping with self-reported COPD diagnosis was investigated, using univariable and multivariable weighted logistic regression models.

Results
Compared to never users, while dual users showed the highest association with self-reported COPD diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 4.39; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.98 to 4.85), current vapers who were either ex-smokers or never smoked showed significantly higher association with self-reported COPD diagnosis (aOR = 3.24; 95% CI = 2.78 to 3.78 and aOR = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.01 to 2.12, respectively). Current vapers who were ex-smokers showed higher association with self-reported COPD diagnosis than ex-smokers who do not vape (aOR = 1.27; 95% CI = 1.09 to 1.48). Dual users showed higher association with self-reported COPD diagnosis than current smokers who do not vape (aOR = 1.16; 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.27). Ex-smokers showed significantly less association with self-reported COPD diagnosis (aOR = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.64 to 0.71) than current smokers. Current vapers who were either ex-smokers or never smoked had less association with self-reported COPD diagnosis compared to current smokers, with aOR = 0.85 (95% CI = 0.73 to 0.99) and aOR = 0.39 (95% CI = 0.27 to 0.56).

Conclusions
Vaping is significantly associated with self-reported COPD diagnosis in adults, even among vapers who never smoked. Whether there is a benefit for COPD of switching from smoking to vaping requires study of the long-term effects of vaping.

Implications
With the increase of e-cigarette use in recent years, the health effects of e-cigarettes need to be investigated. While several studies have examined the association of vaping with respiratory symptoms among adolescents, little is known about the association of vaping with susceptibility to COPD among US adults. Using cross-sectional national survey data in adults, our study showed that vaping was significantly associated with self-reported COPD diagnosis. Although our data did not establish the causal relationship between vaping and self-reported COPD diagnosis, this study raises concerns about the observed association between vaping and self-reported COPD diagnosis.
Extended treatment with MY-NEOVAX, personalized neoantigen-enhanced oncolytic viruses, for two end-stage cancer patients
Authors: Bouvet Michael , Reid Tony R , Larson Chris , Oronsky Bryan , Carter Corey , Morris John C 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNeoantigen vaccines involving multi-peptides and poly-epitope-encoding RNA or DNA have undergone early phase clinical testing with modest reported antitumor effects [ 1]. The less-than-expected activity of these neoantigenic vaccines may correspond with the development of immune escape mechanisms. One permutation on neoantigen vaccines, which may counter or prevent these adaptive immune escape mechanisms, are ‘personalized’ oncolytic viruses that encode one or more tumor-specific transgenes. Herein, positive therapeutic effects for MY-NEOVAX™, personalized neoantigen-enhanced oncolytic adenoviruses, are described for two heavily pretreated end-stage patients, one with high-grade metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma of the pancreas and the other with colorectal cancer metastatic to the brain, liver and lungs. To date, treatment benefit has exceeded 12 months without dose-limiting toxicities or related serious adverse events and with documented radiologic stabilization and improved performance status.
Challenging case of ischemic colitis, necrotic cutaneous vasculitis and thromboembolic disease in an elderly patient with Sjogren’s syndrome
Authors: Boukadida Khalifa 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Sjogren’s syndrome is a chronic autoimmune condition characterized by reduced lacrimal and salivary gland secretions. In a minority of the cases, patients can develop rarer complications, such as vasculitis and, even less commonly, ischemic colitis.
Herein, we present a challenging case of a 73-year-old woman with a background of Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) who initially presented with a purpuric rash on the right leg. She was initially managed with antibiotics and referred for an outpatient rheumatology review. A few days later, she was readmitted to the hospital generally unwell with a widespread rash. She developed deep vein thrombosis and per rectal bleeding secondary to ischemic colitis. She had excellent response to medical management including steroid therapy and azathioprine. This case highlights the very rare complications of SS. Whilecutaneous vasculitis is not uncommon in primary Sjogren’s, ischemic colitis is very rare and is a potentially serious complication, which requires prompt diagnosis and management.
Lime-induced phytophotodermatitis
Authors: Abugroun Ashraf , Gaznabi Safwan , Natarajan Arjun , Daoud Hussein 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPhytophotodermatitis, also commonly known as phototoxic dermatitis, is a common skin condition that occurs after contact with certain plants and subsequent exposure to sunlight. It is often confused with skin burns due to the blistering nature of its lesions. We herein report a case of phytophotodermatitis that developed in a 26-year-old male following contact with lime and subsequent exposure to sunlight.
Fertility preservation before neoadjuvant chemotherapy in a premenopausal breast cancer patient: a case report
Authors: Kobayashi Arika , Matsunuma Ryoichi , Yamaguchi Kei , Hayami Ryosuke , Tsuneizumi Michiko , Nakagami Kazuhiko 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is now a widely accepted treatment modality for operable breast cancer and therefore fertility preservation is an important component of care for young patients with breast cancer. It is critical that oocyte retrieval is completed without delays in the initiation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Here we report the case of a 34-year-old woman who was diagnosed with Stage IIA triple-negative breast cancer and underwent ovarian stimulation for fertility preservation prior to the initiation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Oocytes were retrieved and in vitro fertilization was conducted before neoadjuvant chemotherapy was started. Upon completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the patient underwent breast surgery. Subsequently, a pathological complete response was achieved. She received a frozen embryo transfer 10 months after breast surgery. The patient became pregnant and delivered a healthy baby.
12-Oxophytodienoic Acid Reductase 3 (OPR3) Functions as NADPH-Dependent α,β-Ketoalkene Reductase in Detoxification and Monodehydroascorbate Reductase in Redox Homeostasis
Authors: Maynard Daniel , Kumar Vijay , Spro� Jens , Dietz Karl-Josef 
Published: December 2019

AbstractArabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) 12-oxophytodienoic acid reductase isoform 3 (OPR3) is involved in the synthesis of jasmonic acid (JA) by reducing the α,β-unsaturated double bond of the cyclopentenone moiety in 12-oxophytodienoic acid (12-OPDA). Recent research revealed that JA synthesis is not strictly dependent on the peroxisomal OPR3. The ability of OPR3 to reduce trinitrotoluene suggests that the old yellow enzyme homolog OPR3 has additional functions. Here, we show that OPR3 catalyzes the reduction of a wide spectrum of electrophilic species that share a reactivity toward the major redox buffers glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate (ASC). Furthermore, we show that 12-OPDA reacts with ASC to form an ASC-12-OPDA adduct, but in addition OPR3 has the ability to regenerate ASC from monodehydroascorbate. The presented data characterize OPR3 as a bifunctional enzyme with NADPH-dependent α,β-ketoalkene double-bond reductase and monodehydroascorbate reductase activities (MDHAR). opr3 mutants showed a slightly less-reduced ASC pool in leaves in line with the MDHAR activity of OPR3 in vitro. These functions link redox homeostasis as mediated by ASC and GSH with OPR3 activity and metabolism of reactive electrophilic species.
Banach Spaces of Almost Universal Complemented Disposition
Authors: Castillo Jesús M F , Moreno Yolanda 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We introduce and study the notion of space of almost universal complemented disposition (a.u.c.d.) as a generalization of Kadec space. We show that every Banach space with separable dual is isometrically contained as a $1$-complemented subspace of a separable a.u.c.d. space and that all a.u.c.d. spaces with $1$-finite dimensional decomposition (FDD) are isometric and contain isometric $1$-complemented copies of every separable Banach space with $1$-FDD. We then study spaces of universal complemented disposition (u.c.d.) and provide different constructions for such spaces. We also consider spaces of u.c.d. with respect to separable spaces.
The burden of osteoarthritis: self-reported severity in the KHOALA population-based cohort
Authors: Cross Marita , Ngueyon Sime Willy , March Lyn , Guillemin Francis 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesLay descriptions of mild, moderate and severe disease states have been utilized in Global Burden of Disease studies in the calculation of years lived with disability, and may be a useful brief starting point for clinical care. The primary aims of this study were to estimate the proportion of an OA cohort within each severity level, and to assess the validity of lay descriptions of OA.MethodsDuring 2014 to 2016, participants in the KHOALA population-based cohort completed questionnaires including pain, function, and quality of life, in addition to indicating which of the lay descriptions devised for presenting to populations in GBD2010 they felt best described their current condition.Results569 participants comprising 152 with hip OA, 384 knee OA and 33 with both hip+knee OA participated. 10% of hip OA and 17% of knee OA participants classified themselves as having severe OA, a considerably higher proportion than the 2% reported for high-income countries in GBD2010.The lay descriptions showed significant convergent and divergent validity: pain, function and stiffness scores increased as the rating of severity increased, with a significant trend for EQ5D and EUROQOL VAS to decline, also indicating worse health state, as level of severity increased.ConclusionLay descriptions of levels of severity are understandable by participants and show convergent validity with standardized measure of physical and functional outcomes. The proportion of people with OA who align themselves with the severe category is considerably larger than that used in GBD estimates to estimate the impact of OA.
Is There a Cost-Effective Means of Training Microenterprises?
Authors: Brooks Wyatt , Donovan Kevin , Johnson Terence R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Despite billions of dollars spent by policy institutions and academics, very few programs designed to increase managerial skills among microenterprises are cost-effective. This short paper highlights a mentorship program designed to provide managerial skills to Kenyan microenterprises, and it provides a detailed cost-benefit analysis. For each dollar spent on a treated firm, average profit increases by 1.63 USD; the result stems from both a higher program impact and lower cost relative to existing training programs. Motivated by this increased cost-effectiveness, the study then compares the program to the large literature focusing on “supply-side” interventions designed to increase managerial capacity in small firms, and it highlights particular margins on which mentorship improves on classroom training and also where training should focus.
Vascularized Pedicled Proximal Phalanx Flap for Spare Part for Reconstruction of Metacarpal Avulsion Injury
Authors: McLeod Graham J. , Peters Blair R. , Nguyen Christopher M. , Petropolis Christian J. 
Published: December 2019

Summary:
Traumatic injuries to the hand with significant loss of bone or soft tissue can be quite difficult to reconstruct and often require an innovative and flexible surgical plan for reconstruction. We present a case of a young manual laborer with a significant crush avulsion injury involving his third and fourth metacarpals. We were able to preserve his fourth metacarpophalangeal joint by utilizing a pedicled vascularized proximal phalanx flap from the nonsalvageable third digit to reconstruct and provide osseous stability to the fourth metacarpal. The patient had excellent functional and aesthetic outcomes with full return to work at his farm by less than 12 months postoperatively.
Postoperative MRI Surveillance of Vestibular Schwannomas: Is There a Standard of Care?
Authors: Bukoski Ronald S. , Appelbaum Eric N. , Coelho Daniel H. 
Published: December 2019

Objective:
To examine current practices for postoperative imaging surveillance following vestibular schwannoma resection.

Study Design:
Cross-sectional survey of practicing neurotologists.

Setting:
Tertiary referral centers.

Patients:
Not applicable.

Intervention:
Two hundred seventy-six members of the American Neurotology Society were invited to participate. Using a web-based format, respondents self-reported demographic and practice details. Case scenarios were presented. For each scenario, both quantitative and qualitative data were recorded.

Main Outcome Measures:
Timing, frequency, duration, and modality of postoperative imaging.

Results:
For all scenarios, responses were widely disparate with respect to timing, frequency, number, and duration of follow-up imaging. Following gross total resection, respondents most commonly (46.5%) obtain the first magnetic resonance imaging 1 year after surgery, with the most common endpoint to discontinue surveillance imaging at 10 years (34.9%). Tumor beds with postoperative enhancement were generally followed longer than those without enhancement, but with wide variability in practice patterns. The majority of neurotologists do not change surveillance patterns regarding tumor size or completeness of initial resection. Lower volume surgeons appear to be more aggressive with initial surveillance postoperatively than higher volume surgeons.

Conclusion:
Wide variability exists amongst neurotologists concerning postsurgical tumor surveillance imaging. Despite recent data to suggest more standardized protocols, disparate practice patterns persist. Additional research is needed to this end, as the subsequent establishment of such evidence-based protocols could obviate substantial medical, medico-legal, and economic burdens concerning this patient population.
Functional Outcomes Following Temporomandibular Joint Dissection Performed During Surgery for Skull Base Tumors
Authors: Wei Xingmei , Gao Zhiqiang , Zhang Tao , Zhang Zhuhua , Tian Xu , Zhao Yang , Zhou Yalin , Feng Guodong 
Published: December 2019

Background:
During skull base tumor surgery, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dissection is commonly performed. The impact of this procedure on patients’ postoperative diet and TMJ function is a matter of concern to surgeons.

Methods:
We reviewed the Craniomandibular Index (CMI) for 32 patients (15 men and 17 women) who underwent TMJ dissection during surgery for skull base tumors between August 2015 and May 2018.

Results:
Fifteen patients underwent removal of the mandibular condyle, and 17 had the condyle preserved. Twenty-one patients mainly underwent infratemporal fossa approach, and 11 underwent extended temporal bone resection. No significant difference between pre- and postoperative diet was observed in any group. Significant differences in CMI index were seen in all groups. The highest score was 0.115 of Dysfunction Index, observed postoperatively in the group that underwent condyle removal.

Conclusions:
For skull base tumor surgery, TMJ dissection has no significant impact on postoperative diet. Patients who underwent removal of the mandibular condyle have significantly worse postoperative TMJ function.
Antithrombotic regimen for patients with cardiac indication for dual antiplatelet therapy and anticoagulation: a meta-analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Liao Yi Wen Becky , Wang Tom Kai Ming 
Published: December 2019

Objectives
The optimal antithrombotic strategy for patients with a long-term indication for anticoagulation and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains controversial. This meta-analysis aims to compare randomised trials’ outcomes of these patients, focussing on dual versus triple antithrombotic and non vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) versus vitamin K oral anticoagulants regimens.

Methods

Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched from January 1980 to March 2019 yielding 309 articles, and after careful screening, five randomized trials totalling 10 643 patients were included for analysis.

Results
Dual antithrombotic regimens were associated with significantly less thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) major and minor bleeding [odds ratio (OR) 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.40–0.71], with no significant difference in major adverse cardiovascular events (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.72–1.22) or all-cause mortality (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.61–1.19). NOAC regimens had significantly lower TIMI major and minor bleeding (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.43–0.78) and intracranial bleeding (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.16–0.66), with similar rates of major adverse cardiovascular events (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.86–1.16) and all-cause mortality (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.81–1.26).

Conclusion
Dual antithrombotic and NOAC regimens have reduced bleeding without compromising the risk of cardiovascular events or mortality, and should be preferred for patients with ACS or PCI also needing long-term anticoagulation.