bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
National support for the European integration project: Does financial integration matter?
Authors: Esteve‐González Patricia , Herwartz Helmut , Theilen Bernd 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe analyze in how far market perceptions of actual financial integration affect EU integration support at the country level. As indicators of realized states of integration in financial markets we rely upon yield differentials of long‐term government debt. To identify particular situations that could undermine the integration process, we suggest a new measure of EU integration risks that fulfills a number of properties which are desirable to ensure its informational value. Our results indicate that tensions to finance public debt in integrated financial markets are the main contributor to weakened support for EU integration. Particularly, large yield spreads increase the polarization on this issue at the country level. Moreover, as a confirmation of a‐priori expectations, we find that the national support for EU integration sees a fostering in times of economic upswing and under beneficial structural EU funding. These results indicate that it becomes crucial to monitor increasing international yield differences as they could prepare the ground for claims for EU disintegration policies, thereby, threatening future advances of the EU integration project.
Assessing hydrologic and water quality effects of land use conversion to Brassica carinata as a winter biofuel crop in the southeastern coastal plain of Georgia, USA using the SWAT model
Authors: Hoghooghi Nahal , Bosch David D. , Bledsoe Brian P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCarinata (Brassica carinata) is an industrial oilseed feedstock for renewable fuels grown as a winter crop in the southeast US, which may provide a new rotation alternative and benefits for water quality. However, the effects of carinata on water quantity and quality at the watershed and local scales are unknown. In this study, we use the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to assess the potential influence of carinata on water balance components, nutrients and sediment loads under plausible future scenarios of land use change in the upper Suwannee River Basin in the Atlantic Coastal Plain Physiographic Region near Tifton in South‐Central Georgia. Three future scenarios are considered, including planting stand‐alone carinata in winter fallow land every third year, planting stand‐alone winter wheat in winter fallow land every third year, and carinata and winter wheat in rotation, one year of winter carinata followed by two years of winter wheat during simulation periods. The results show that under all three future scenarios, surface runoff, sediment, phosphorus, and nitrogen loadings decrease at both watershed and local scales, with higher average monthly reductions in the stand‐alone carinata scenario versus the stand‐alone winter wheat scenario. When carinata and winter wheat were planted over 36% of the total watershed area, reduction in total sediment, mineral phosphorus, and nitrate loads was ranging from 11.5% to 50.0%. However, when only 12% of the total watershed area was converted to carinata, the simulated reductions ranged from 3.8% to 14.0%. This suggests that the extent of carinata planting is crucial in assessing its hydrologic and water quality benefits. Overall, these results indicate that planting the biofuel carinata as a winter crop can reduce sediment and nutrient loading and provide water quality benefits to downstream waterbodies.
A New Bronze Age Hoard from Mariesminde at Langeskov on Funen, Denmark
Authors: Thrane Henrik , Juottijärvi Arne 
Published: December 2020

A hoard was discovered at Mariesminde near the centre of the Danish island Funen in 2003 during trial excavations. A pot containing 27 bronzes was later excavated in the museum laboratory. The bronzes were stacked disorderly, with a large piece of sheet bronze at the bottom. The objects consisted of broken rings, several so-called ‘Hohlwulstringe’ or hollow rings, a socketed axe, plus 13 casting cakes and three casting runners. No less than four rings are types new to Scandinavia and reflect connections with the Italian peninsula and further away.The hoard’s mixture of broken objects, casting runners and cakes classifies it as a scrap hoard. It is dated to the Bronze Age period VI (Montelius), prominently indicated by the hollow rings.The findspot of the hoard was only c. 200 m from the well-known period IV hoard Mariesminde I with the largest collection of gold vessels from Funen.The metal analyses open new perspectives and indicate an origin in the Alps or the Erzgebirge for most of the collection.
Hypertension and erectile dysfunction: The role of endovascular therapy in Asia
Authors: Wang Tzung‐Dau , Lee Chih‐Kuo , Chia Yook‐Chin , Tsoi Kelvin , Buranakitjaroen Peera , Chen Chen‐Huan , Cheng Hao‐Min , Tay Jam Chin , Teo Boon Wee , Turana Yuda , Sogunuru Guru Prasad , Wang Ji‐Guang , Kario Kazuomi ,   the HOPE Asia Network
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) is above 40% in both Asian and non‐Asian male populations after the age of 40 years. The prevalence of ED among hypertensive patients is approximately double than that in normotensive population. Pelvic arterial insufficiency is the predominant cause of ED in men aged over 50 years. Stenosis in any segment of the iliac–pudendal–penile arterial system, which is considered an erectile‐related arterial axis, could lead to ED. Pharmacotherapy with lifestyle modification is effective in alleviating sexual dysfunction, yet a substantial number of patients still develop ED. Given the established applicability of angioplasty for the entire iliac–pudendal–penile arterial system, penile duplex ultrasound, and pelvic computed tomography angiography could be considered as the routine screening tools in ED patients with poor response to phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitors. Endovascular therapy for pelvic arterial insufficiency‐related ED has been shown to be a safe and effective treatment option in patients who have anatomically suitable vessels and functionally significant stenoses. Clinical improvement was achieved in over 60% of patients at one year following pelvic angioplasty in the PERFECT registry from Taiwan. A 30%‐40% restenosis rate in distal internal pudendal and penile arteries remains a hurdle. Angioplasty for pelvic arterial occlusive disease could be considered as a viable approach to arteriogenic ED.
Association of lower nighttime diastolic blood pressure and hypoxia with silent myocardial injury: The Japan Morning Surge‐Home Blood Pressure study
Authors: Kubota Kana , Hoshide Satoshi , Kario Kazuomi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhether marked nocturnal blood pressure (BP) reduction is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still controversial. In addition, no report has yet discussed the relationship between lower nocturnal BP and CVD, involving modification by nighttime hypoxia. We evaluated 840 patients who had one or more cardiovascular risk factors by measuring their high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T (Hs‐cTnT), N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐pro BNP), and nighttime saturation levels and performing ambulatory BP monitoring. The lowest tertile in nighttime diastolic BP (DBP) (≤66 mmHg) had increased likelihood of the presence of ≥0.014 ng/ml of Hs‐cTnT compared with the second tertile (odds ratio [OR] 1.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–3.63), and the lowest tertile of minimum blood oxygen saturation (≤81%) had increased likelihood of the presence of ≥0.014 ng/ml of Hs‐cTnT compared with the third tertile (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.13–4.10). Additionally, the patients with both lowest tertile of nighttime DBP and minimum SpO2 showed increased likelihood of the presence of ≥0.014 ng/ml of Hs‐cTnT compared with those without this combination (OR 2.93, 95% CI 1.40–6.16). On the other hand, these associations were not found in the presence of ≥125 pg/ml of NT‐pro BNP. In the clinical population, each of lower nocturnal DBP and nighttime hypoxia was associated with asymptomatic myocardial injury, which was represented as higher Hs‐cTnT, and coexisting lower nocturnal DBP and nighttime hypoxia had an additive effect on the risk of myocardial injury.
Consequences of population structure for sex allocation and sexual conflict
Authors: R. Rodrigues Leonor , Torralba Sáez Mario , Alpedrinha João , Lefèvre Sophie , Brengues Muriel , Magalhães Sara , Duncan Alison B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBoth sex allocation and sexual conflict can be modulated by spatial structure. However, how the interplay between the type of dispersal and the scale of competition simultaneously affects these traits in sub‐divided populations is rarely considered. We investigated sex allocation and sexual conflict evolution in meta‐populations of the spider mite Tetranychus urticae evolving under budding (pairing females from the same patch) or random (pairing females from different patches) dispersal and either local (fixed sampling from each subpopulation) or global (sampling as a function of subpopulation productivity) competition. Females evolving under budding dispersal produced less female‐biased offspring sex ratios than those from the random dispersal selection regimes, contradicting theoretical predictions. In contrast, the scale of competition did not strongly affect sex allocation. Offspring sex ratio and female fecundity were unaffected by the number of mates, but female fecundity was highest when their mates evolved under budding dispersal, suggesting these males inflict less harm than those evolving under random dispersal. This work highlights that population structure can impact the evolution of sex allocation and sexual conflict. Moreover, selection on either trait may reciprocally affect the evolution of the other, for example via effects on fecundity.
Women's Experience of Pelvic Girdle Pain After Childbirth: A Meta‐Synthesis
Authors: Srisopa Pornpan , Lucas Ruth 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionPersistent pelvic girdle pain (PGP) and the resulting consequences may occur for more than 10 years after birth. The purpose of this meta‐synthesis is to provide a new interpretation and deeper understanding of women's experience of living with PGP postpartum.MethodsA literature review of CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest dissertations was conducted for any qualitative study addressing PGP after birth and published in English from 2000 to 2019. A meta‐synthesis using Noblit and Hare's meta‐ethnography approach was performed.ResultsSeven studies were found describing the experiences of women living with PGP from birth to 13 years after birth. Six themes emerged that represented women's experience: invisible pain, life being restrained, failure to perform the maternal role, experiencing downward emotional spiral, need for active social support, and adaptation to a new conditional life.DiscussionThe experiences of women living with PGP after birth highlight the need for holistic care. Interventions by health care providers should support the ability of women to perform daily functions and adapt to their new reality instead of a disease‐focused intervention. In addition, women with PGP emphasize the importance of active social support from family members and health care providers. Future research that examines the differences between PGP during the first 3 months postpartum versus that which persists later is needed to develop targeted interventions.
Assessment of Bolbophorus damnificus prevalence and cercariae shedding in Planorbella trivolvis populations from catfish aquaculture ponds in Mississippi, USA
Authors: Gunn Mackenzie A. , Allen Peter J. , Rosser Thomas Graham , Wise David J. , Khoo Lester H. , Griffin Matt J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBolbophorus damnificus (Digenea: Bolbophoridae) causes significant losses in US catfish aquaculture. Little is known regarding the prevalence of infected snail hosts during outbreaks. To assess prevalence of snails observed shedding Bolbophorus spp. cercariae, as well as snails that were infected but not observed shedding cercariae, Planorbella trivolvis (n = 8,159) were collected from 14 catfish production ponds with B. damnificus activity in Mississippi, USA. Individual snails were placed in 10 ml of filtered (20 μm) reservoir pond water and observed for 48 hr for cercariae release. Identification of B. damnificus or Bolbophorus sp. type II cercariae was confirmed by duplex PCR. Genomic DNA was isolated from ~100 non‐shedding snails from each pond and the PCR assay used to identify the presence of B. damnificus or Bolbophorus sp. type II infected snails. The prevalence of snails shedding B. damnificus ranged from 0.23 to 13.6%. Observation of cercariae shedding underestimated true B. damnificus and Bolbophorus sp. type II prevalence in 42.9 and 64.3% of sampled ponds, respectively. Prevalence of B. damnificus infected snails was typically <3%, indicating numbers of infected snails during outbreaks are low and mitigation efforts may be successful simply by reducing snail numbers and not require complete eradication.
MdABI5 works with its interaction partners to regulate abscisic acid‐mediated leaf senescence in apple
Authors: An Jian‐Ping , Zhang Xiao‐Wei , Liu Ya‐Jing , Zhang Jiu‐Cheng , Wang Xiao‐Fei , You Chun‐Xiang , Hao Yu‐Jin 
Published: December 2020

SUMMARYAbscisic acid (ABA) induces chlorophyll degradation and leaf senescence; however, the molecular mechanism remains poorly understood, especially in woody plants. In this study, we found that MdABI5 plays an essential role in the regulation of ABA‐triggered leaf senescence in Malus domestica (apple). Through yeast screening, three transcription factors, MdBBX22, MdWRKY40 and MdbZIP44, were found to interact directly with MdABI5 in vitro and in vivo. Physiological and biochemical assays showed that MdBBX22 delayed leaf senescence in two pathways. First, MdBBX22 interacted with MdABI5 to inhibit the transcriptional activity of MdABI5 on the chlorophyll catabolic genes MdNYE1 and MdNYC1, thus negatively regulating chlorophyll degradation and leaf senescence. Second, MdBBX22 interacted with MdHY5 to interfere with the transcriptional activation of MdHY5 on MdABI5, thereby inhibiting the expression of MdABI5, which also contributed to the delay of leaf senescence. MdWRKY40 and MdbZIP44 were identified as positive regulators of leaf senescence. They accelerated MdABI5‐promoted leaf senescence through the same regulatory pathways, i.e., interacting with MdABI5 to enhance the transcriptional activity of MdABI5 on MdNYE1 and MdNYC1. Taken together, our results suggest that MdABI5 works with its positive or negative interaction partners to regulate ABA‐mediated leaf senescence in apple, in which it acts as a core regulator. The antagonistic regulation pathways ensure that plants respond to external stresses flexibly and efficiently. Our results provide a concept for further study on the regulation mechanisms of leaf senescence.
Contribution of donor‐ and recipient‐associated factors to allergic transfusion reactions to platelets
Authors: Zheng Yan , Pei Deqing , Sweat Lori , Ryan Missy , Mestemacher Mark A. , Gann Maria , Cheng Cheng , Geiger Terrence L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundPediatric hematology‐oncology patients require frequent platelet transfusions to manage chemotherapy‐induced thrombocytopenia, and allergic transfusion reactions (ATRs) are common. Risk for platelet‐associated ATRs can result from recipient‐ or donor‐specific factors.Study Design and MethodsWe report a rare case in which an individual platelet donor caused repeated ATRs in multiple recipients. This observation led us to conduct a retrospective study at a pediatric hematology‐oncology center to identify donor‐ and recipient‐associated risk factors for ATRs.ResultsSingle‐donor platelets from an individual donor precipitated ATRs in 78.6% (n = 11/14) of recipients and 66.7% (n = 12/18) of platelet transfusions. We found in a cohort of pediatric hematology‐oncology patients that 12.6% of recipients and 1.0% of platelet transfusions were associated with ATRs. Recipients who were aged 4 to 18 years, male, and those with central nervous system or solid tumors and with a history of ATRs to platelets were more likely to experience ATRs. Donor‐associated risk factors were not identified, and we did not implicate additional donors in our single‐center cohort with a frequency of ATRs comparable to the index donor. Based on our findings, we developed a novel statistical model to identify recipients and donors prone to experiencing or mediating ATRs.ConclusionsBoth donors and recipients contribute to ATRs. Identification of high‐risk donors and recipients for further scrutiny and potential interventions can improve the safety of platelet transfusions.
Inflation targeting adoption and institutional quality: Evidence from developing countries
Authors: Minea Alexandru , Tapsoba René , Villieu Patrick 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInstitutional quality is often emphasised as an engine of economic development in developing countries. However, most of the literature assumes that institutions are exogenous. In this paper, we adopt the opposite view, and study the way the design of the monetary regime, and specifically the adoption of an inflation targeting regime, can impact the quality of institutions. Using the propensity scores matching method, which allows controlling for self‐selection in policy adoption, along with a wide set of robustness checks, including GMM‐based estimations and controlling for unobserved heterogeneity, we find that the adoption of inflation targeting significantly improves the quality of institutions.
Proof of Concept for a Novel Interstage Injection Design in Axial Compressors
Authors: Doerr T. , Braun S. , Schuster S. , Brillert D. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A common technique to increase the thermal efficiency and the power output of gas turbines is to inject water upstream of the compressor section. Through the evaporation of the water throughout the compressor, an isothermal process is approached. A recently developed technology for this enhanced process is interstage injection in which water is injected directly between the stages. One advantage of this over wet compression is the avoidance of icing, since the local temperatures at the injection positions are already above melting point. Moreover, stage characteristics and load distribution can be rearranged within the compressor by individually adjusting the injection amount in different stages. However, there is little practical understanding of this process, and suitable injection methods have still to be found. This paper therefore demonstrates the implementation of a novel technology of interstage injection in an axial compressor test rig whereby twin jet nozzles are integrated directly into the trailing edge of the first stator row to deliver a homogenous spray over the entire radial span. Due to the resultant blade complexity, blades are manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) and subsequently installed in an enhanced four-stage axial compressor. The installed control and measurement principles of the test rig are presented and results demonstrate the functionality of the innovative design.
Mechanics of Microspheres Reinforced Hollow Microcells
Authors: Youssef George , Nacy Somer , Huynh Nha Uyen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Emerging polymeric foams exhibiting unique microstructure of microspherical shells with reinforcing dense microspheres creates a new opportunity for impact-tolerant foam paddings in sport gears applications. This paper describes the static response of reinforced microcell consisting of an outer spherical shell and uniformly distributed microspheres while quantifying the stiffening effect. The distribution of the microspheres is illustrated using the Fourier series, allowing tuning of the reinforcing strategy. Expressions of the external and internal works are derived, whereas the Ritz energy method is adopted to calculate the deformations due to a compressive load distributed over a range of areas. Emphasis is given to the effect of the geometrical attributes of the microcell and the reinforcing microspheres on the resulting deformation response and stiffening effect. The framework is used to investigate the response of several case studies to elucidate the effects of relative radii ratio, reinforcement density, microcell wall thickness, and loading configurations on the stiffness. A new normalized strain energy parameter is introduced to simplify and accelerate the analysis while providing insights on the underpinnings of the observed buckling response. The results strongly suggest the viability of the newly discovered foam microstructure in managing static loads while providing an opportunity to strategically tune the mechanical response using the analytical framework presented herein.
Large Deformation and Instability of Soft Hollow Cylinder With Surface Effects
Authors: Wang Qitao , Liu Mingchao , Wang Zhenyu , Chen Changqing , Wu Jian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Surface stress, which is always neglected in classical elastic theories, has recently emerged as a key role in the mechanics of highly deformable soft solids. In this paper, the effect of surface stress on the deformation and instability of soft hollow cylinder is analyzed. By incorporating surface energy density function into the constitutive model of a hyper-elastic theory, explicit solutions are obtained for the large deformation of soft hollow cylinder under the uniform pressure loading and geometric everting. The surface tension and the residual surface stress have a significant effect on the large deformation and instability of the soft cylinder. When the pressure loading and geometric everting are applied on the soft hollow cylinder, significant changes in the critical condition of the creases are found by varying the surface parameters. Two models of instability, surface crease and global buckling behavior, will be generated on the soft hollow cylinder with the uniform pressure, and the formed instability model is dependent on the ratio of the thickness to the radius. The results in this work reveal that surface energy obviously influences both the deformation and the instability of soft hollow cylinder at finite deformation and will be helpful for understanding and predicting the mechanical behavior of soft structures accurately.
Magnetic Forces Enable Control of Biological Processes In Vivo
Authors: Bao Gang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Similar to mechanical forces that can induce profound biological effects, magnetic fields can have a broad range of implications to biological systems, from magnetoreception that allows an organism to detect a magnetic field to perceive direction, altitude, or location, to the use of heating induced by magnetic field for altering neuron activity. This review focuses on the application of magnetic forces generated by magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONs), which can also provide imaging contrast and mechanical/thermal energy in response to an external magnetic field, a special feature that distinguishes MIONs from other nanomaterials. The magnetic properties of MIONs offer unique opportunities for enabling control of biological processes under different magnetic fields. Here, we describe the approaches of utilizing the forces generated by MIONs under an applied magnetic field to control biological processes and functions, including the targeting of drug molecules to a specific tissue, increasing the vessel permeability for improving drug delivery, and activating a particular viral vector for spatial control of genome editing in vivo. The opportunities of using nanomagnets for a broad range of biomedical applications are briefly discussed.