bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Goodness‐of‐Fit Testing for a Regression Model With a Doubly Truncated Response
Authors: de Uña‐Álvarez Jacobo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn survival analysis and epidemiology, among other fields, interval sampling is often employed. With interval sampling, the individuals undergoing the event of interest within a calendar time interval are recruited. This results in doubly truncated event times. Double truncation, which may appear with other sampling designs too, induces a selection bias, so ordinary statistical methods are generally inconsistent. In this paper, we introduce goodness‐of‐fit procedures for a regression model when the response variable is doubly truncated. With this purpose, a marked empirical process based on weighted residuals is constructed and its weak convergence is established. Kolmogorov–Smirnov– and Cramér–von Mises–type tests are consequently derived from such core process, and a bootstrap approximation for their practical implementation is given. The performance of the proposed tests is investigated through simulations. An application to model selection for AIDS incubation time as depending on age at infection is provided.
Effect of Aconitum diphtheria on the Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Inflammatory Response of Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast‐Like Synoviocytes
Authors: Meng Yan , Cai Xuan‐lin , Cong Shan , Sun Jiao , Hu Yong‐wei , Luo Li 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTRheumatoid arthritis (RA), a highly disabling autoimmune disease, is characterized by joint damage and synovial hyperplasia. This paper was designed to explore the effect and mechanisms of Aconitum diphtheria on the proliferation and apoptosis of RA fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (RA‐FLS). First, RA‐FLS was treated with different doses of A. diphtheria extracts. Then, an inverted biological microscope was adopted to observe the RA‐FLS morphology. Subsequently, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP‐biotin nick end labeling staining, Cell Counting Kit‐8 and western blot were utilized to analyze the apoptosis, proliferation, and nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB) signaling pathway‐related proteins in RA‐FLS, respectively. The experimental results disclosed that, after treatment of RA‐FLS with A. diphtheria extracts, the cells became round and the intercellular space was increased. Besides, the RA‐FLS proliferation was effectively inhibited by A. diphtheria extracts, while the apoptosis was promoted. Additionally, A. diphtheria extracts could effectively downregulate the expression levels of p‐NF‐κB (p50), NF‐κB (p50), p‐NF‐κB (p65), and NF‐κB (p65). Collectively, A. diphtheria can effectively inhibit RA‐FLS proliferation and promote apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner. Similarly, A. diphtheria is able to downregulate p‐NF‐κB and NF‐κB protein expression, but there is no dose–response relationship.
Wilms' tumor 1‐associated protein aggravates ischemic stroke by promoting M1 polarization of microglia by enhancing PTGS2 mRNA stability in an m6A‐dependent manner
Authors: Sui Haijing , Liu Chang , Sun Zhenyu , Xi Hongjie 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMounting evidence indicates the involvement of N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) alterations in diverse neurological disorders and the activation of microglia. However, the role of m6A methyltransferase Wilms' tumor 1‐associated protein (WTAP) in regulating microglial polarization during ischemic stroke (IS) remains unknown. We performed bioinformatics analysis to identify m6A‐related differentially expressed genes in IS and validated these genes in a mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion model and a BV2 cell oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reperfusion model. We found that microglial m6A modification was increased, and that WTAP was the most significantly differentially expressed m6A regulator during IS. High expression of WTAP is closely correlated with microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation in IS. Mechanistically, WTAP promoted m6A modification, which promoted prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase‐2 (PTGS2) by enhancing its mRNA stability. WTAP promoted M1 microglial polarization by elevating PTGS2 expression via m6A modification of PTGS2 mRNA in the oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reperfusion model. In conclusion, WTAP is a crucial posttranscriptional regulator that contributes to post‐IS neuroinflammation. WTAP knockdown confers cerebral protection by shifting the microglial phenotype from M1 to M2, primarily by reducing PTGS2 mRNA stability in an m6A‐dependent manner.
Three‐Year Outcomes With a Supra‐Annular, Self‐Expanding Bioprosthesis and a Pericardial Wrap—The FORWARD PRO Study
Authors: Van Mieghem Nicolas M. , Windecker Stephan , Manoharan Ganesh , Lancellotti Patrizio , Tamburino Corrado , Kornowski Ran , Thiele Holger , Danenberg Haim , Fiorina Claudia , Scholtz Werner , Brecker Stephen , Ruge Hendrik , Opdahl Anders , Amoroso Giovanni , Bedogni Francesco , Petronio Anna Sonia , Nickenig Georg , Harnath Axel , Kempfert Joerg , Oh Jae K. , Eisenberg Ruth E. , Grube Eberhard 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe self‐expanding, supra‐annular Evolut valve is an established platform for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI). Evolut PRO introduced an outer sealing wrap to mitigate paravalvular leakage. We evaluated the 3‐year clinical outcomes and valve performance of the Evolut PRO in standard clinical practice for severe aortic stenosis (AS) patients at intermediate or higher risk for surgery.MethodsThe FORWARD PRO prospective, single‐arm, multicentre, post‐market clinical study enrolled 638 patients with native aortic valve stenosis or failed surgical bioprosthetic aortic valve undergoing TAVI, at intermediate or high risk, with the Evolut PRO valve. Clinical and serial echocardiographic outcomes were followed‐up for 3 years.ResultsTAVI using Evolut PRO was attempted in 629 AS patients (implanted in 97%) (mean age 81.7 years; STS PROM score, 4.7%). At 3 years all‐cause mortality was 25.0%, disabling stroke 6.5% (all‐cause mortality or disabling stroke, 28.5%) and rate of new permanent pacemaker implantation 24.7%. Excellent valve haemodynamics were maintained (mean gradient 8.8 ± 4.7 mm Hg; mean effective orifice area 2.0 ± 0.5 cm2) at 3 years. In a paired analysis of patients with ≥ mild paravalvular leakage (PVL) at discharge, more than two‐thirds demonstrated improved PVL at 3 years. Patients with ≥ mild PVL at discharge had higher median total calcium volume than those with no/trace PVL (p < 0.001).ConclusionsIn clinical practice TAVI with the Evolut PRO valve is associated with favorable clinical outcomes and excellent haemodynamic performance out to 3 years. The observation of improvements in PVL over time warrants further research.
BODIPY‐Based Small‐Molecule Photoacoustic Probes for Biomedical Imaging
Authors: Song Kaixuan , Gao Hu , Wang Xiaoqing , Liu Zhipeng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAdvances in bioimaging technologies capable of visualizing physiological and pathological processes are of great significance for revealing diseases development and promoting clinical diagnosis and treatment. Photoacoustic (PA) imaging, utilizing small‐molecule probes, offers a promising approach for achieving high‐spatiotemporal‐imaging of dynamic biological process. The development of near‐infrared absorbing dyes has significantly contributed to the research of small‐molecule PA probes, particularly boron‐dipyrromethene derivatives (BODIPYs) known for their simple synthesis, tunable NIR photophysical properties and superior PA imaging abilities. This review highlights recent advances in biomedical applications of BODIPY‐based PA probes, including the design strategies, spectral characteristics, response mechanisms and applications for imaging biomarkers such as reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, gaseous signaling molecules and metal ions. Moreover, their challenges and future prospects are elucidated. The insights provided in this review are expected to guide future studies on small‐molecule PA probes for bioimaging and biosensing.
Fine‐Scale Geographic Variation of Cladocopium in Acropora hyacinthus Across the Palauan Archipelago
Authors: Armstrong Katrina C. , Lippert Marilla , Hanson Erik , Nestor Victor , Cornwell Brendan , Walker Nia S. , Golbuu Yimnang , Palumbi Stephen R. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSymbiont genotype plays a vital role in the ability of a coral host to tolerate rising ocean temperatures, with some members of the family Symbiodiniaceae possessing more thermal tolerance than others. While existing studies on genetic structure in symbiont populations have focused on broader scales of 10–100 s of km, there is a noticeable gap in understanding the seascape genetics of coral symbionts at finer—yet ecologically and evolutionarily relevant—scales. Here, we mapped short reads from 271 holobiont genome libraries of individual Acropora hyacinthus colonies to protein coding genes from the chloroplast genome to identify patterns of symbiont population genetic structure. Utilizing this low‐pass method, we assayed over 13,000 bases from every individual, enabling us to discern genetic variation at a finer geographic scale than previously reported at the population level. We identified five common Cladocopium chloroplast SNP profiles present across Palau, with symbiont structure varying between Northern, mid‐lagoon, and Southern regions, and inshore–offshore gradients. Although symbiont populations within reefs typically contained significant genetic diversity, we also observed genetic structure between some nearby reefs. To explore whether coral hosts retain their symbionts post‐transplantation, we experimentally moved 79 corals from their native reefs to transplant sites with both different and similar chloroplast SNP profiles. Over 12 months, we observed 12 instances where transplanted corals changed profiles, often transitioning to a profile present in adjacent corals. Symbiont genetic structure between reefs suggests either low dispersal of symbionts or environmental selection against dispersers, both resulting in the potential for significant adaptive differentiation across reef environments. The extent to which local corals and their symbionts are co‐adapted to environments on a reef‐by‐reef scale is currently poorly known. Chloroplast sequences offer an additional tool for monitoring symbiont genetics and coral–symbiont interactions when assisted migration is used in restoration.
Cerium‐Catalyzed Ritter‐Type C−H Amination of Alkylarenes
Authors: Guan Renpeng , Wang Tianlin , Bennett Elliot L. , Huang Zhiliang , Xiao Jianliang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractReported here is a photocatalytic strategy for Ritter‐type C−H amination of alkylarenes with nitriles. Under the irradiation of blue light and the catalysis of a simple Ce(III) salt, alkylarenes were brominated by CBr3COOH and thereby channeled to the normal Ritter pathway to afford amide products. A wide range of alkylarenes and nitriles were tolerated, with a few equivalents of a nitrile being feasible.
AI‐assisted interpretation of changes in riparian woodland from archival aerial imagery using Meta's segment anything model
Authors: Dawson Martin , Dawson Henry , Gurnell Angela , Lewin John , Macklin Mark G. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAn implementation of Meta's 2023 foundation artificial intelligence model, Segment Anything (SAM) is tested and used to assist in mapping changes in the extent of riparian woodland using publicly available archival aerial imagery along three gravel bed, meandering, river reaches in rural settings in the UK. Using visual prompts in interactive mode, this newly applied approach is shown to deliver substantial time savings over manual digitisation techniques and, for the type of imagery and the small‐scale deployed, potentially greater accuracy. When applied to high‐resolution (25 cm) aerial imagery SAM appears to be a practical and useful method for examining vegetation and landform change in a manner that has previously only been feasible through detailed field studies. The extent of riparian wood increased by 37–46% between 1999 and 2022 along all three reaches with extension occurring in three main situations: lateral expansion of existing woodland patches along stable or near stable banks; localised bankside establishment of trees transplanted under flood conditions; and progressive colonisation of point bars that developed through channel migration. Considering these factors, important conditions for the establishment, survival and expansion of riparian wood are discussed and likely differences in species distribution according to the geomorphic context are highlighted.
RS4 Type Resistant Starch Improves Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Mice by Interacting With Lactobacillus johnsonii
Authors: Xu Tao , Zhong Yongheng , Ji Shengyang , Xiao Hang , Li Jun , Li Kaimian , Li Peiwu , Lu Baiyi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTRS4‐type resistant starches have been applied in food industry as thickeners or studied as functional foods for a long time. However, the influence and mechanism of RS4 on Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have not been elucidated. In this study, sinapic acid starch ester (SASE) was chosen as a representative of functional RS4, and its anti‐diabetic activity and underlying mechanism were investigated. Results showed that SASE administration lowered blood glucose and ameliorated insulin resistance of streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice via increasing serum butyrate level. Fecal microbiota transplantation confirmed the T2DM‐improving activity of SASE modulated gut microbiota. 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that SASE selectively promoted the proliferation of butyrate‐producing bacterium. In vitro co‐culture of promoted gut bacterium with SASE revealed that Lactobacillus johnsonii was one of the key bacteria in the degradation of SASE. In conclusion, RS4 could selectively promote gut bacteria and increase short‐chain fatty acid production to alleviate T2DM.
Exogenous Methylation Inhibitor 5‐Azacytidine Accelerates Postharvest Leaf Senescence in Pak Choi by Modulating Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Profiles
Authors: Wang Dan , Zhang Zhijun , Su Tongbing , Zhao Xiuyun , Wang Weihong , Xin Xiaoyun , Zhang Deshuang , Yu Yangjun , Wang Zhongjiang , Zhou Linyi , Li Peirong , Zhang Fenglan , Yu Shuancang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe senescence of leafy vegetables is inherent and general after harvest. DNA methylation affects the senescence process of plant leaves. Limited studies have explored the impact of exogenous methylation inhibitors on postharvest vegetables and the mechanisms of their effects on the transcriptome and metabolome during storage. In this study, pak choi was immersed in 100 mg L−1 of 5‐azacytidine (AZ) (an inhibitor of methyltransferase) solutions, indicated that AZ yielded significant acceleration in leaf senescence. Compared to the control group, the AZ‐treated pak choi exhibited faster weight loss, higher malondialdehyde content, greater color change, and higher chlorophyllase activity. Transcriptomic and widely targeted metabolomic analyses were then performed on pak choi samples. Transcriptomic investigation disclosed that the chlorophyll degradation genes BraSGR2 and BraPPH were upregulated by AZ, leading to the degradation of more chlorophyll content. AZ effectively stimulated upregulation of the senescence‐associated genes (BraSAG20, BraSAG21, BraSRG1, and BraSRG2), thereby accelerating the pace of the senescence process. The widely targeted metabolomic analyses demonstrated that AZ downregulated the flavonoid synthase genes BraFLS1 and BraF3H, causing a relative decline in flavonoid levels. The study also unveiled a diminution in carbohydrate content during storage, further exacerbated by AZ. To encapsulate, our preliminary findings suggest that the application of AZ effectively accelerates the process of leaf senescence in stored pak choi, which helps us understand the relationship between DNA demethylation and vegetable senescence.
Turkish translation and validation of the body image in the pelvic organ prolapse questionnaire
Authors: Kul İlaynur , Uğurlucan Funda Güngör , Yaşa Cenk , Özgül Serap 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe primary aim was to adapt the Body Image in the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Questionnaire (BIPOP‐Q) to Turkish culture and evaluate its reliability and validity. The secondary aim was to examine how body image is affected by partner status and the presence of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) symptoms.MethodsThe study included 150 women with POP stage ≥2. The reliability of the BIPOP‐Q was evaluated by internal consistency and test–retest analyses. To assess the criterion validity of BIPOP‐Q, genital image and POP questionnaires were administered. Correlation coefficients were determined by Spearman correlation analysis. To evaluate the construct validity of the BIPOP‐Q, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare independent groups.ResultsThe internal consistency of the BIPOP‐Q (Cronbach α = 0.918) was found to be high, and the test–retest reliability of the scale items (r = 0.538–0.828) ranged from moderate to excellent. Correlations between the BIPOP‐Q and criterion scale scores were found to be low to moderate (r = −0.450 to 0.377, P < 0.05). The two‐factor construct validity of the BIPOP‐Q was confirmed. Women without a partner or with symptomatic POP exhibited lower body image scores than women with a partner or with asymptomatic POP (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe Turkish BIPOP‐Q is a reliable and valid scale for assessing POP‐specific body image. Turkish women without a partner or with symptomatic POP appear to have more impaired body image. Further studies are needed to examine the responsiveness of the BIPOP‐Q to interventions.
The reciprocal relationship between emotion regulation and emotional exhaustion among Korean school counselors
Authors: Lim Hajin , Lee Sang Min 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSchool counselors in South Korea are prone to emotional exhaustion due to job demands. To develop effective interventions for managing this exhaustion, it is essential to examine the relationship between emotion regulation strategies (ER), such as suppression and reappraisal, and exhaustion. Using a daily diary method and the Random Intercept Cross‐Lagged Panel Model (RI‐CLPM), this study explored how daily fluctuations in ER and exhaustion interact over 5 workdays with 111 school counselors. Results showed that emotional exhaustion persisted over time with a carry‐over effect, while emotion regulation did not carry over across days. Suppression and exhaustion mutually influenced each other over time, with higher suppression levels linked to greater exhaustion the following day in a specific context. Reappraisal showed context‐dependent effects, sometimes alleviating but occasionally exacerbating exhaustion. These findings emphasize the need for context‐sensitive interventions.
Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) in Umbelliferone (UMB) Producing Endophytic Fusarium oxysporum (ZzEF8) Following Epigenetic Modification
Authors: Nair Aswati Ravindrananthan , Kaniyala Harshitha , Vardhan Mudumbi Harsha , Pillai Padmesh 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDespite several studies documenting secondary metabolite (SM) production by endophytes, their commercial use is often limited owing to the research lacunae in the underlying biosynthetic pathway and the corresponding metabolic flux. Combining epigenetic modulation with RNA‐Seq analysis constitutes a promising approach for inducing regulatory gene(s) and thereby identifying their role in SM biosynthesis. Our earlier studies had identified the hypomethylating effects of prednisone in umbelliferone (UMB) (7‐hydroxyl coumarin) producing endophytic Fusarium oxysporum isolate, ZzEF8 isolated from Zingiber zerumbet rhizomes. Hypomethylating effect of prednisone (300 μM) in ZzEF8 was validated in present experiments revealing decrease in 5‐mC content (0.09 ± 0.01%) in prednisone treated ZzEF8 (PrZzEF8) compared to untreated control (UtZzEF8) (0.36 ± 0.01%). Subsequent RNA‐Seq analysis detected transcriptional alterations in PrZzEF8 compared to UtZzEF8. Transcripts with significant differential expression (−2 ≥ fold change (FC) ≥ 2; q‐value < 0.05) were detected for 64 transcripts, with 60 upregulated and four downregulated in PrZzEF8. Upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were annotated as transmembrane transporters, non‐ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS), Type I and III polyketide synthase (PKS), phytoene dehydrogenase, bifunctional lycopene cyclase/phytoene synthase, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase and various genes involved in nutrient assimilation, transcription factors and transporters regulating metabolite export. Expression analysis of the selected DEGs were validated by qRT‐PCR. Present study proposes UMB biosynthesis through acetate‐malonate pathway from acetate units via a pentaketide intermediate in ZzEF8 instead of the phenylpropanoid pathway reported in plants. Study is of relevance as the insights gained into the UMB biosynthetic pathway in ZzEF8 will help in strategizing scale‐up of UMB production.
Publication bias in studies on biologic therapy for children with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Weil Ariel , Focht Gili , Atia Ohad 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe utilization of biologic drugs in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) surged following the publications of positive results in randomized controlled trials and real‐world studies. We aimed to explore the extent of publication bias associated with these findings.MethodsTwo reviewers assessed all abstracts evaluating the efficacy or safety of biologics presented at the annual European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology conferences from 2015 to 2019. Abstracts were classified as “positive” or “negative.” Time to publication was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier curve and groups were compared using the log‐rank test. A Cox proportional model was utilized to determine the likelihood of publication.ResultsOut of 209 included abstracts, only 130 (62%) were published as full manuscripts. The median time to publication was 2.8 years (interquartile range = 0–8.2). In the univariate Cox model, the likelihood of publication was four times higher for abstracts reporting positive results (hazard ratio = 4.4 [95% confidence interval, CI = 2.3–8.5]). The probabilities for publication at 1, 3, and 5 years after the conference were 32%, 59%, and 66% for abstracts with significantly positive results in favor of biologic treatment compared to 10%, 22%, and 25% for those with negative results (p < 0.001). In multivariable model, positive results (odds ratio = 6.4 [95% CI = 2.5–16.4]) were significant associated with publication rate.ConclusionOnly 62% of abstracts presented in medical conferences regarding biologics in pediatric IBD are eventually published as full manuscripts, and those reporting positive results were more likely to be published and at an earlier time. Clinicians, guideline groups, and medical authorities dealing with drug approval, need to be aware of potential publication bias of published studies when employing evidence‐based management strategies.