bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zn‐MOF‐74 as pH‐Responsive Drug‐Delivery System of Arsenic Trioxide
Authors: Schnabel Jennifer , Ettlinger Romy , Bunzen Hana 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlthough arsenic and its compounds are mainly known as a poison, they also found applications as drugs in medicine. However, their distribution in a therapeutic dose is often problematic due to their high toxicity. One possibility how to address this issue is utilizing drug‐delivery systems. Herein, we report on a metal‐organic framework (MOF) called Zn‐MOF‐74, which comprises Zn(II) ions and 2,5‐dihydroxybenzene‐1,4‐dicarboxylate ligands, as a drug nanocarrier of arsenic trioxide. We synthetized the material in a nanoparticle formulation and showed that due to the open metal sites in Zn‐MOF‐74, it was possible to load the material with a high amount of the As(III)‐drug (in a form of arsenous acid). Moreover, we also investigated the drug release at different pH values. Noticeably, we observed that the As(III)‐release was pH‐triggered and was faster at pH 6.0 than at pH 7.4. Therefore, we suggest Zn‐MOF‐74 as a model example of a MOF containing open metal sites for controlled drug loading and delivery.
Serum alarmin S100A8/S100A9 levels and its potential role as biomarker in myocarditis
Authors: Müller Irene , Vogl Thomas , Kühl Uwe , Krannich Alexander , Banks Aron , Trippel Tobias , Noutsias Michel , Maisel Alan S. , van Linthout Sophie , Tschöpe Carsten 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsThe alarmin S100A8/S100A9 (S100A8/A9) is released by activated monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils in the setting lymphocytic myocarditis (MC). We recently demonstrated its therapeutic potential in experimental acute MC. Now, we investigated the diagnostic relevance of S100A8/A9 serum levels in patients with suspected acute and chronic MC and in patients with heart failure without cardiac inflammation.Methods and ResultsSerum S100A8/A9 levels were analysed in patients with a recent onset of MC [≤ 30 days, n = 32; ejection fraction (EF): 45.4 ± 12.9%], dilated cardiomyopathy patients with inflammation (n = 112; EF: 29.0 ± 11.4%), or without inflammation (n = 58; EF: 26.6 ± 9.3%), and controls (n = 25; EF: 68.5 ± 4.6%), by using specific ELISAs. Blood samples were collected at Time Point 1 (T1), where also endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs) were withdrawn. Patients with a recent onset of MC showed a 4.6‐fold increase in serum S100A8/A9 levels vs. controls (MC: 1948 ± 1670 ng/mL vs. controls: 426 ± 307 ng/mL; P < 0.0001). Serum S100A8/A9 correlated with the disease activity, represented by EMB‐derived counts of inflammatory cells (CD3: r = 0.486, P = 0.0047, lymphocyte function‐associated antigen‐1: r = 0.558, P = 0.0009, macrophage‐1 antigen: r = 0.434, P = 0.013), the EMB mRNA levels of S100A8, S100A9 (r = 0.541, P = 0.002), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF: r = 0.498, P = 0.0043). EMB immunofluorescence co‐stainings display macrophages/monocytes and neutrophils as the main source of S100A8 and S100A9 in recent onset MC. The diagnostic value of serum alarmin levels (cut‐off 583 ng/mL) was characterized by a specificity of 92%, a sensitivity of 90.6%, positive predictive value of 93.5%, negative predictive value of 88.5%, and an accuracy of 0.949 (95% confidence interval [0.89–1]). In a subgroup of MC patients, S100A8/A9 serum levels and EMBs at T1 (n = 12) and a follow‐up visit (T2, n = 12, mean follow‐up 8.5 months) were available. A fall of serum S100A8/A9 (T1: 2208 ± 1843 ng/mL vs. T2: 888.8 ± 513.7 ng/mL; P = 0.00052) was associated with a reduced cardiac inflammation (CD3 T1: 70.02 ± 107.4 cells per square millimetre vs. T2: 59.18 ± 182.5 cells per square millimetre; P = 0.0342, lymphocyte function‐associated antigen‐1 T1: 133.5 ± 187.1 cells per square millimetre vs. T2: 74.12 ± 190.5 cells per square millimetre; P = 0.0186, and macrophage‐1 antigen T1: 132.6 ± 129.5 cells per square millimetre vs. T2: 54.41 ± 65.16 cells per square millimetre; P = 0.0015). Serum S100A8/A9 levels were only slightly increased in patients within the chronic phase of MC and in heart failure patients without inflammation vs. controls.ConclusionsSerum S100A8/A9 might serve as an additional tool in the diagnostic workup of suspected acute MC patients.
Efficacy of Microencapsulated Carvacrol in Oxidative Stability of Sunflower Oil
Authors: Bagis Ulkuhan , Karabulut Ihsan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study is to improve the oxidative stability of sunflower oil using encapsulated carvacrol during 25 times repeated frying experiments. Microencapsulated carvacrol powders are produced by spray drying using binary and ternary blends of gum arabic (GA), maltodextrin (MD), and corn starch as encapsulating agents. In most cases, the encapsulation efficiency decreases as the amount of GA decreases in the wall mixture. Microencapsulated carvacrol powders prepared with GA (100%), GA + MD (75:25), and GA + MD + starch (67.5: 22.5: 10), which are found to have higher encapsulation efficiency values, are used as antioxidants in dough frying experiments. Frying experiments are performed with the addition of encapsulated and/or unencapsulated forms of carvacrol into the sunflower oil or dough. Encapsulated carvacrol is found to be more effective than unencapsulated carvacrol and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) in repeated frying experiments. The addition of carvacrol into oil provides better protection compared to addition into dough. Protective effects of encapsulated and unencapsulated forms of carvacrol in frying trials are successfully discriminated by applying principal component analysis.Practical Application: Carvacrol and thymol are the major constituents of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) essential oil. These compounds are responsible for the main bioactive properties of thyme oil. Therefore, in this study, pure commercial carvacrol was encapsulated and tested for its protective effect in sunflower oil during repeated dough frying. The effectiveness of the carvacrol in encapsulated form may be a consequence of the prevention of volatilization. The results of this study are remarkable for food applications requiring high temperatures.
Nonaqueous capillary gel electrophoretic analysis of metal nanoclusters in polymeric–DMSO–Li+ systems
Authors: Kitagawa Fumihiko , Ohashi Mika , Naraoka Reo , Kondo Haruna , Kudo Naotsugu , Okazaki Masaaki , Nukatsuka Isoshi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this study, we investigated a combination of nonaqueous CE with capillary gel electrophoresis to achieve highly efficient analysis of metal nanoclusters. In the nonaqueous capillary gel electrophoresis (NACGE), PVA and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose were dissolved in DMSO. In addition, to enhance the entanglement of the polymer chains, Li+ ions were also added. By employing the PVA‒DMSO‒Li+ solution, we studied the effects of the molecular weight, the degree of hydrolysis, and the concentration of the polymers and Li+ on the separation. As a result, good separations of standard mononuclear metal complexes and tetrairon nanoclusters were achieved by NACGE.
Translating ENIGMA schizophrenia findings using the regional vulnerability index: Association with cognition, symptoms, and disease trajectory
Authors: Kochunov Peter , Fan Fengmei , Ryan Meghann C. , Hatch Kathryn S. , Tan Shuping , Jahanshad Neda , Thompson Paul M. , van Erp Theo G. M. , Turner Jessica A. , Chen Shuo , Du Xiaoming , Adhikari Bhim , Bruce Heather , Hare Stephanie , Goldwaser Eric , Kvarta Mark , Huang Junchao , Tong Jinghui , Cui Yimin , Cao Baopeng , Tan Yunlong , Hong L. Elliot 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPatients with schizophrenia have patterns of brain deficits including reduced cortical thickness, subcortical gray matter volumes, and cerebral white matter integrity. We proposed the regional vulnerability index (RVI) to translate the results of Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics Meta‐Analysis studies to the individual level. We calculated RVIs for cortical, subcortical, and white matter measurements and a multimodality RVI. We evaluated RVI as a measure sensitive to schizophrenia‐specific neuroanatomical deficits and symptoms and studied the timeline of deficit formations in: early (≤5 years since diagnosis, N = 45, age = 28.8 ± 8.5); intermediate (6–20 years, N = 30, age 43.3 ± 8.6); and chronic (21+ years, N = 44, age = 52.5 ± 5.2) patients and healthy controls (N = 76, age = 38.6 ± 12.4). All RVIs were significantly elevated in patients compared to controls, with the multimodal RVI showing the largest effect size, followed by cortical, white matter and subcortical RVIs (d = 1.57, 1.23, 1.09, and 0.61, all p < 10−6). Multimodal RVI was significantly correlated with multiple cognitive variables including measures of visual learning, working memory and the total score of the MATRICS consensus cognitive battery, and with negative symptoms. The multimodality and white matter RVIs were significantly elevated in the intermediate and chronic versus early diagnosis group, consistent with ongoing progression. Cortical RVI was stable in the three disease‐duration groups, suggesting neurodevelopmental origins of cortical deficits. In summary, neuroanatomical deficits in schizophrenia affect the entire brain; the heterochronicity of their appearance indicates both the neurodevelopmental and progressive nature of this illness. These deficit patterns may be useful for early diagnosis and as quantitative targets for more effective treatment strategies aiming to alter these neuroanatomical deficit patterns.
Provision of intensive care to severely ill pregnant women is associated with reduced mortality: Results from the WHO Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health
Authors: Soares Fabiano M. , Pacagnella Rodolfo C. , Tunçalp Özge , Cecatti José G. , Vogel Joshua P. , Togoobaatar Ganchimeg , Souza Joao P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the impact of the use of Intensive Care Units (ICU) in maternal mortality.MethodsA secondary analysis of the WHO Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health, a multicenter cross‐sectional study conducted in maternity hospitals in 29 countries. Women who had severe maternal outcome (maternal death or maternal near‐miss) and the availability and use of ICU beds were included. The women were categorized according to availability of ICU, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the risk of maternal death. To rate the severity of complications, the Maternal Severity Score (MSS) and the Maternal Severity Index (MSI) were used.ResultsOf 314 623 women observed, 24 396 had severe complications. Of those, 16 981 (69.6%) were in facilities with ICUs; 1573 women were admitted to ICUs (6.4% of women with maternal complications and 0.5% of total). There is a significant protective effect for maternal mortality for patients with more severe conditions using ICUs (odds ratio 0.16, 95% confidence interval 0.07–0.33).ConclusionThe use of ICU was associated with significantly reduced odds of maternal death in obstetric patients with severe clinical conditions. The availability and appropriate use of good‐quality ICUs are therefore crucial to reduce maternal mortality.
COVID‐19: Consider IL‐6 receptor antagonist for the therapy of cytokine storm syndrome in SARS‐CoV‐2 infected patients
Authors: Chakraborty Chiranjib , Sharma Ashish Ranjan , Bhattacharya Manojit , Sharma Garima , Lee Sang‐Soo , Agoramoorthy Govindasamy 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCOVID‐19 leads to mortality of several patients and the cytokine storm is reportedly critical in the patients. To reduce the cytokine storm, we would like to propose the interleukin (IL) 6 receptor (IL‐6R) antagonist therapy for the COVID‐19 patients. Two humanized monoclonal antibodies are in clinical trial following IL‐6R antagonist therapies namely tocilizumab and sarilumab. However, researchers and physicians should look for more IL‐6R antagonists for the therapy of cytokine storm syndrome severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infected persons to enhance the therapeutic options for cytokine storm.
The diagnosis of SARS‐CoV2 pneumonia: A review of laboratory and radiological testing results
Authors: Zheng Zhong , Yao Zhixian , Wu Ke , Zheng Junhua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe rapid emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has necessitated the implementation of diverse pandemic control strategies throughout the world. To effectively control the spread of this disease, it is essential that it be diagnosed at an early stage so that patients can be reliably quarantined such that disease spread will be slowed. At present, the diagnosis of this infectious form of coronavirus pneumonia is largely dependent upon a combination of laboratory testing and imaging analyses of variable diagnostic efficacy. In the present report, we reviewed prior literature pertaining to the diagnosis of different forms of pneumonia caused by coronaviruses (severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS], Middle East respiratory syndrome, and SARS‐CoV‐2) and assessed two different potential diagnostic approaches. We ultimately found that computed tomography was associated with a higher rate of diagnostic accuracy than was a real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction‐based approach (P = .0041), and chest radiography (P = .0100). Even so, it is important that clinicians utilize a combination of laboratory and radiological testing where possible to ensure that this virus is reliably and quickly detected such that it may be treated and patients may be isolated in a timely fashion, thereby effectively curbing the further progression of this pandemic.
Research on lubrication characteristics of asymmetric helical gear based on CFD method
Authors: Mo Shuai , Zou Zhenxing , Feng Zhiyou , Dang Heyu , Gao Hanjun , Cao Xiaolin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAiming at the asymmetric helical gear injection lubrication, simulation models for coast flank and drive flank injections were established by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Firstly, the two oil injection methods of the asymmetric helical gear were explained. Then, a mathematical calculation model suitable for gear injection lubrication analysis was established. Finally, the model is simulated by CFD software. The oil volume fraction and pressure at the meshing point during the gear meshing process of the two injection models are obtained. The effects of gear speeds and spray velocities on the oil volume fraction and pressure are analysed. By comparing the two oil injection methods, when the spray velocity is more than 2.7 times the pitch line velocity, better lubrication is obtained by the drive flank injection method. When the spray velocity is less than 2.7 times the pitch line velocity, the coast flank injection method can achieve better lubrication.
Effect of few layer graphene additive on the tribological properties of lithium grease
Authors: Li Zhanjun , He Qiang , Du Sanming , Zhang Yongzhen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe tribological properties of lithium grease with few layer graphene (FLG) additive were studied. Three‐dimensional surface topography, FESEM with EDS and XPS were used to analyse the morphology, distribution of elements and chemical states on the wear spots. The results show that 0.1 wt% FLG content produced maximum reduction rate of the friction coefficient and minimum wear spot diameter (WSD). And the best results obtained under larger load and lower speed. Fe3O4 was found to be the main component of the chemical reaction film formed on the friction surface when pure lithium grease lubrication was applied. However, when FLG‐containing lubricating grease was used instead, the boundary film was mainly composed of Fe2O3 and adsorbed FLG. The effectiveness of FLG in reducing the friction coefficient and WSD of lithium grease is mainly attributed to its large specific surface area, great number of active groups and typical layered structure.
Longterm Outcome of Liver Transplantation for Congenital Extrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt
Authors: Uchida Hajime , Sakamoto Seisuke , Kasahara Mureo , Kudo Hironori , Okajima Hideaki , Nio Masaki , Umeshita Koji , Ohdan Hideki , Egawa Hiroto , Uemoto Shinji ,   for the Japanese Liver Transplantation Society
Published: May 2020

Liver transplantation (LT) is often viewed as the last resort for the treatment of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (CEPS) due to advancement of imaging and interventional radiology techniques. However, some patients still require LT, and criteria for LT are yet to be determined. We conducted a national survey of patients undergoing LT for CEPS between June 1998 and August 2018 and evaluated the clinical data and outcomes with a review of previously reported patients from the English‐language medical literature. A total of 26 patients underwent LT in Japan at a median age of 5.2 years old. The most common indications for LT were persistent hyperammonemia (54%) and liver mass (50%), followed by pulmonary complications (38%). Pulmonary complications in all patients, including intrapulmonary shunt and pulmonary hypertension (PH), were improved after LT. Regarding the 29 previously reported patients in the English‐language literature, a liver nodule (49%), including hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, was the most common indication for LT, followed by pulmonary complications (34%). A total of 25 (96%) patients in our survey and 26 (90%) patients in the literature review were alive with a median follow‐up period of 9.5 and 1.6 years, respectively. Although LT has a limited role in management of CEPS, our study indicated that LT was safe as an alternative treatment for select patients with malignant tumor or pulmonary complications and those with complications related to new portosystemic collateral vessels after shunt closure, such as PH or hepatopulmonary syndrome.
Thermal and Reactive Oxygen Species Dual‐Responsive OEGylated Polysulfides with Oxidation‐Tunable Lower Critical Solution Temperatures
Authors: Chen Runhai , Xiang Zehong , Xia Yu , Ma Zhifang , Shi Qiang , Wong Shing‐Chung , Yin Jinghua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this work, two monomethoxy oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG)‐substituted episulfides are prepared and a series of polysulfides are synthesized with subsequent ring‐opening polymerization. The OEGylated polysulfides exhibit thermal and reactive oxygen species (ROS) dual‐responsive behavior. Their lower critical solution temperatures (LCSTs) are close to human body temperature and depend on the degree of polymerization and OEG length. Notably, the LCST of the polysulfide increases linearly with the oxidation degree by H2O2, showing a highly tunable change regulated by the ratio between hydrophobic sulfide and hydrophilic sulfoxide/sulfone in the backbone. Further, the OEGylated polysulfide can act as a ROS scavenger to protect red blood cells (RBCs) from oxidative damage in an RBCs aging model in vitro. This work paves a facile way to synthesize LCST‐tunable polysulfides, which hold great promise in biological applications.
Dietary intake of glucoraphanin during pregnancy and lactation prevents the behavioral abnormalities in the offspring after maternal immune activation
Authors: Fujita Yuko , Fujita Atsuhiro , Ishima Tamaki , Hirai Ayumi , Suzuki Shigenori , Suganuma Hiroyuki , Hashimoto Kenji 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimEpidemiological data suggest that maternal immune activation (MIA) plays a role in the etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders including autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia. However, there is no prophylactic nutrition that can prevent the onset of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring after MIA. The aim of this study was undertaken to examine whether dietary intake of glucoraphanin (GF: the precursor of a natural anti‐inflammatory compound sulforaphane) can prevent the onset of behavioral abnormalities in offspring after MIA.MethodsOne percent of GF food pellet or normal food pellet was given into female mice during pregnancy and lactation (from E5 to P21). Saline (5 mL/kg/d) or poly(I:C) (5 mg/kg/d) was injected into pregnant mice from E12 to E17. Behavioral tests and immunohistochemistry of parvalbumin (PV) were performed in male offspring.ResultsDietary intake of GF during pregnancy and lactation prevented cognitive deficits and social interaction deficits in the juvenile offspring after MIA. Furthermore, dietary intake of GF during pregnancy and lactation prevented cognitive deficits in the adult offspring after MIA. Moreover, dietary intake of GF prevented the reduction of PV immunoreactivity in the medial prefrontal cortex of adult offspring after MIA.ConclusionThese data suggest that dietary intake of GF during pregnancy and lactation could prevent behavioral abnormalities in offspring after MIA.
Pulmonary functions in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease
Authors: Al Biltagi Mohammed , Bediwy Adel Salah , Toema Osama , Al‐Asy Hassan M. , Saeed Nermin Kamal 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundSickle cell disease (SCD) is relatively common in Bahrain, and airway inflammation in patients with SCD is usually multifactorial. This study aimed to evaluate lung function and induced sputum levels of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) in Bahraini children and adolescents with SCD and assess their relationship with the recurrence of acute chest syndrome (ACS).MethodsA total of 139 children and adolescents with SCD and 123 healthy children (control group) were included in the present study. Patients were further stratified according to age and history of ACS. The patient and control groups underwent pulmonary function tests (PFTs), including spirometry and assessments of lung volume, diffusion of carbon monoxide (DLCO), and induced sputum IL‐6 levels.ResultsForced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), force vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC, total lung capacity, DLCO, and DLCOc (ie, hemoglobin‐corrected DLCO) were significantly lower, while residual volume and sputum IL‐6 levels were significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group. PFT parameters were more compromised in the patient subgroup with a history of ACS and older than 12 years compared with the subgroup without a history of ACS and the subgroup under 12 years of age. PFTs revealed significant negative correlations with age, number of ACS events, and sputum IL‐6 levels.ConclusionPulmonary function was observed to worsen with disease progression, and it worsened with older age and repeated occurrence of ACS. Induced sputum IL‐6 levels reflected the degree of lung inflammation in affected patients and were associated with more impairment in various PFT parameters.
The importance of anti‐vaping vigilance—EVALI in seven adolescent pediatric patients in Northeast Ohio
Authors: Corcoran Aoife , Carl John C. , Rezaee Fariba 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAs of 18 February 2020, the e‐cigarette or vaping product use‐associated lung injury (EVALI) epidemic has claimed the lives of 68 patients in the USA with the total number of reported cases standing at 2807 to date. We present the clinical and radiologic findings, course of illness, and treatment of EVALI in seven adolescent patients in Northeast Ohio. Five of our patients required supplemental oxygen with four requiring intensive care unit care for respiratory support during admission. Three patients were treated with systemic steroids while inpatient. Bilateral opacities were seen on radiographic imaging of all seven of our patients. All patients were discharged alive on room air. However, impaired diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) with nonobstructive spirometry was seen in patients that were tested postdischarge. This suggests that although recovery from the acute illness process of EVALI is achieved, there may be long‐term impact on lung function in these patients. We recommend close follow‐up with a pediatric pulmonologist where spirometry and DLCO can be performed.