bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health promotion and active aging among seniors in Malaysia
Authors: Loke Yiing Jia , Lim Ee Shiang , Senadjki Abdelhak 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThis paper explores the relationship between health promotion and active aging among seniors in Malaysia. The specific objectives were to (1) identify the contributing factors for seniors undergoing full medical check-up and (2) to explore the association between selected active aging factors and health promotion behavior and beliefs.Design/methodology/approachThe study used data from 662 seniors from three different states in Peninsular Malaysia. Logistic regression was used to identify significant determinants of full medical check-up, and chi-square statistics were used to explore the association of active aging and selected health promotion behavior and beliefs. Healthy aging was characterized by being employed or traveling outdoors for leisure.FindingsHousehold income was found to be a significant barrier to seniors undergoing a full medical check-up. Overall, active seniors were more likely to have positive self-rated health, positive health responsibility and health promotion beliefs but were less likely to undergo a full medical check-up.Practical implicationsGiven that cost of a medical check-up could be a barrier for seniors, authorities could consider subsidizing medical check-ups to promote early detection of disease. There is also a need for continuous effort to educate seniors on health risk factors and the importance of taking fuller responsibility for their own health.Originality/valueThis study examined the relationship between active aging and health promotion together, as both components are essential in enhancing the mental and physical well-being of seniors.
The impact of leadership style on organizational citizenship behavior: does leaders' emotional intelligence play a moderating role?
Authors: Abdullahi Ahmed Zakaria , Anarfo Ebenezer Bugri , Anyigba Hod 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe study investigates the effect of autocratic, democratic and transformational leadership styles on employees' organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). The study further examines the moderating role of leaders' emotional intelligence between leadership styles and OCB.Design/methodology/approachQuestionnaires were used to collect data from 618 small and medium-sized enterprises' (SMEs) employees in Ghana. For this study, both simple random and convenient sampling were adopted in selecting respondents. Regression was used to test the hypotheses in the research model using IBM–Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).FindingsThe results show that democratic and transformational leadership styles both positively predicted the OCB of SME employees, although transformational leadership has a more significant influence. On the contrary, autocratic leadership style was found to have an insignificant relationship with OCB of SME employees when the interactive effect of the various leadership styles and emotional intelligence were introduced into the model. The results also show that whereas leaders' emotional intelligence positively moderate the relationship between autocratic leadership style and OCB, the relationships between democratic leadership style and OCB and between transformational leadership style and OCB are not significantly moderated by leaders' emotional intelligence.Research limitations/implicationsAn examination of other prominent leadership styles (for example, the transactional leadership style and the laissez faire leadership style) could be key areas for future research as it is a potential limitation of this study. Similarly, the use of a Western leadership instrument could also be a potential limitation in the Ghanaian context, although these instruments and scales may be applicable. Future studies could also consider a longitudinal approach to give a more holistic picture of the effect of the leadership styles on OCB.Practical implicationsIn general, the findings of the study support the idea that the autocratic leadership style affects SME employees' OCB both directly and indirectly through leaders' emotional intelligence. This study recommends that leaders of SMEs should focus on leadership styles that combine both result-oriented and people-centric behaviors to encourage SMEs' employees to engage in OCB.Originality/valueThis study provides firsthand information on the impact of autocratic leadership style, democratic leadership style and transformational leadership style on an employee's OCB from the Ghanaian SME perspective.
Evaluation of a short-term ultrasound curriculum on promoting interest in healthcare and sciences for deaf and hard of hearing students
Authors: Fischetti Chanel , Nguyen Thalia , Bashir Rame , Whited Matthew , Mazumder Proma , Saadat Soheil , Moeller John , Lahham Shadi , Fox John C. 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe objective of this study was to determine if exposure to a short-term ultrasound basic biology and anatomy course can promote interest in health careers and other science-related endeavors among DHH students.Design/methodology/approachThis was a single-site, prospective observational study of DHH high school students at a Southern California high school. All participants took a pre-test survey prior to the course. Participants then took part in three teaching sessions which taught basic anatomy using point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS). Following instruction, a post-test survey was performed to determine if students had an increased interest in medicine, science and biology (p = 0.151).Findings28 students were enrolled in the study, with an equal distribution of boys and girls. Initially, subjects reported their interest in medicine at an average of 2.8 ± 1.10. The reported interest in science was 3.0 ± 1.13 and for biology was 3.0 ± 1.19. The change in participants' interest was not statistically significant for medicine (p = 0.791), science (p = 0.225) and biology.Practical implicationsWhile our data did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference in students' interest in STEM fields after the training course, there were several students who were interested in more hands-on shadow experience after the course. Regardless, this study demonstrates persistent barriers that exist for a person who is deaf or hard of hearing to engage in the STEM fields. Future studies are needed to determine the level of instructional activities that may impact the careers of these students.Originality/valuePoint of care ultrasound has been shown to be an effective teaching modality in medical education. However, to date, no studies have been done to assess the utility of ultrasound in teaching the Deaf and Hard of Hearing (DHH) population.
Public-Private Partnership for achieving sustainable development goals: a case study of Khulna, Bangladesh
Authors: Haque Md. Nazmul , Saroar Mustafa , Fattah Md. Abdul , Morshed Syed Riad 
Published: November 2020

PurposePublic-Private Partnership (PPP) is a common practice in both the public and private sectors. PPP has been an important instrument to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at the national level. However, the role of PPP at the subnational level is often scarcely studied. Using Khulna city of Bangladesh as a case, this paper aims to assess the role of PPP projects in the attainment of SDGs.Design/methodology/approachThe research was conducted in the Central Business District (CBD) of Khulna, on a total of 4.6 kilometers stretches of road medians in the CBD where landscaping was done through the PPP approach. Besides the collection of secondary data from official records, primary data were collected through site visits, field surveys and interviews of PPP project partners.FindingsThe result shows that 89 percent of the respondents (road users) were pleased with the landscaping done on the road medians. Similarly, about 86 percent of the respondents felt more comfortable and safer to use the roads. Well-maintained road medians allow road-crossing at a regular interval which reduces the chance of an accident. The private parties have installed promotional billboards on the road medians and saved BDT 10.82 million a year. The public authority saves the maintenance budget amounting to BDT 23 million a year. The project achieves a triple-win situation. Despite some limitations, this PPP project has taken Khulna a step forward to achieve SDGs.Originality/valueThe findings have policy implications as the PPP project has enhanced the resilience of Khulna by addressing the relevant SDGs.
Perceived fairness of transfers and job satisfaction among police officers
Authors: Nalla Mahesh K. , Akhtar Sheeraz , Lambert Eric 
Published: November 2020

PurposePolice organizations work better when officers feel satisfied with their jobs. High job satisfaction has been linked to positive outcomes for both officers and police organizations. Perceived fairness of transfers should be positively associated with job satisfaction. There has been little research in this area, and none of the limited past studies have studied this association among Pakistani police officers.Design/methodology/approachData for the study comes from a survey of 550 officers working in the Lahore police stations in Punjab, Pakistan.FindingsAfter controlling for location, work assignment, rank, length of service, marital status, age and educational level, the strongest predictor of job satisfaction was perceived fairness in transfers, an important aspect of policing in Pakistan.Research limitations/implicationsThis was a single exploratory study that only measured perceived fairness of transfers. There is a need for additional studies. Further, broader measures of organizational fairness should be used in future studies.Practical implicationsPolice administrators should ask staff why they perceive transfers as fair or not and what can be done to improve their perceptions.Originality/valueThere has been little research on police in Pakistan and the current study examined perceptions of fairness in terms of transfers with the job satisfaction among police officers in Pakistan.
Determinants of foreign investment in Pakistan
Authors: Ullah Safi , Tahir Muhammad 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the effect of country- and firm-specific factors on foreign investment in Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses time-series data for country-level determinants and uses panel data for 100 listed non-financial companies selected based on market capitalisation from 2005 to 2015.FindingsFindings suggest that the stock market returns and liquidity of the country significantly positively influence the foreign portfolio investment (FPI) in Pakistan. Whereas, economic growth surprisingly is negatively related to foreign portfolio investment. In addition, findings reveal that firm size, financial leverage, dividend yield and global depositary receipts (GDR) have a positive impact on the total foreign investment at firm level. Further, foreign institutional investors prefer to invest in those firms that are large, pay high dividends and issue GDR. Furthermore, findings suggest that foreign direct investors tend to invest in firms that are financially leveraged and have low capital gain yield.Practical implicationsAt the country level, this study recommends that stock market performance, economic growth and foreign reserves of the country should be maintained and improved to attract FPI. At the firm level, this study recommends issuance of global depositary receipts and high dividend payouts for those firms that are interested in institutional investment in Pakistan.Originality/valueTo the best of authors' knowledge, this study is the first that examines the effect of firm-level factors along with country-level factors on foreign investment in Pakistan.
Ecological niche differentiation of two salamanders (Caudata: Hynobiidae) from Hokkaido Island, Japan
Authors: Tran Dung Van , Terui Shigeharu , Nomoto Kazuhiro , Nishikawa Kanto 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUnderstanding environmental factor determining ecological niche is very important to elucidating the distribution of species, and also revealing how closely related species are able to coexist in a particular region. Here, we applied ecological niche modeling to develop the ecological niches of two hynobiid salamanders: Salamandrella keyserlingii and Hynobius retardatus which are co‐occurring on Hokkaido Island, Japan. We, then, tested hypotheses about ecological niche differentiation between the two species. Our models showed that the potential distribution of S. keyserlingii was strictly limited to a small area at Kushiro Marsh, while the suitable distribution of H. retardatus was covered widely on Hokkaido Island. The results revealed the little geographic range overlap and the differentiation on the requirements of the ecological condition between the two species. We found nonequivalent niches in identity tests and counterintuitive results in background tests, indicating that S. keyserlingii has used a habitat subset of H. retardatus. Overall, our result contributed to understand the ecological niche space, and suggest the historical formation of these species on Hokkaido Island. The models can also be used to aid conservation purposes, such as habitat management, planning and designation of protected areas.
Designing tools for ‘joined up’ homelessness prevention: Insights from one case study
Authors: Riseley Emma , Vidic Angela , Towl David , Joyce Andrew , Hiruy Kiros 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHomelessness is a complex social problem with significant health and economic consequences. Prevention‐based responses seek to reduce the number of people who go on to experience homelessness, but effective homelessness prevention is challenging to implement and can require service integration across mainstream referral organisations and specialist homelessness service agencies. The ‘At‐Risk Screening Tool’ was piloted over August 2018 to March 2019 to enable such mainstream and specialist organisations to coordinate their screening and referral process in the context of homelessness prevention. The tool was used by mainstream referral agencies to assess a client's risk of homelessness, and a tailored referral pathway to a specialist homelessness agency was produced based on this assessment. This article discusses the evaluation of the pilot, exploring three key insights around service integration in a community service context. These insights emphasise the importance of embedding an awareness of staff needs and organisational constraints into the design and application of similar tools.
Implementing general environmental duties: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Edwards Joel , Windholz Eric , Faulkner Nicholas , Werbeloff Lara 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA general environmental duty is being implemented in Victoria as part of an overhaul of the jurisdiction's environmental protection regime. This is part of a growing international trend to replace or supplement prescriptive regulatory regimes with more general, principle‐based standards. However, implementing a general environmental duty poses numerous challenges to regulators responsible for its implementation. This study systematically reviews the growing literature on general duties and their implementation to identify these challenges. Through a thematic synthesis of the published literature, we identify nine challenges relevant to the implementation of a general environmental duty. The article concludes by identifying four opportunities for regulators to address these challenges.
In the Shadow of a Mild Revolution: Polish Women's Political Attitudes during the Great Sejm (1788−1792)
Authors: Wiśniewska Dorota 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Great Sejm (1788−1792) is perceived as a turning point in Stanisław August Poniatowski's reign and as one of the most important Sejms in the history of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Studies devoted to this period concentrate in particular on parliamentary debates and deputies’ actions, as they were leading actors in this so‐called Polish mild revolution. However, an interesting line of inquiry is to ask about women's experiences, as they were also aware of the importance of these events. This paper presents conclusions arising out of analysis of women's correspondence from the Archiwum Roskie (Roskie Archives): the legacy of the Lithuanian and Polish aristocratic Sapieha, Branicki and Potocki families that is maintained at the Archiwum Główne Akt Dawnych (Central Archives of Historical Records) in Warsaw. First, the article describes the group of correspondents and the source material extracted for examination. Second, it focuses on women's approaches towards the Sejm, its deputies and its attempts to reform the Republic. Lastly, it tries to explain the factors influencing women's attitudes. The study's results allow us to gain a better understanding of elite women's political culture in the late eighteenth‐century Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
A comprehensive analysis comparing linear and generalized linear models in detecting adaptive SNPs
Authors: Luo Lan , Tang Zheng‐zheng , Schoville Sean D. , Zhu Jun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTo understand how organisms adapt to their environment, a gene‐environmental association (GEA) analysis is commonly conducted. GEA methods based on mixed models, such as linear latent factor mixed models (LFMM) and LFMM2, have grown in popularity for their robust performance in terms of power and computational speed. However, it is unclear how the assumption of a Gaussian distribution for the response variables influences model performance. In this paper, we develop a generalized linear model (GLM) that allows for non‐Gaussian distribution in the genotypic response variables, and treatment of multiallelic nucleotide polymorphisms. Moreover, this multinomial logistic regression model (MLR) is combined with an admixture‐based model or principal components analysis to correct for population structure (MLR‐ADM and MLR‐PC). Using simulations, we evaluate the type 1 error, false discovery rates (FDR), and power to detect selected SNPs, to guide model choice and best practices. With genomic control, MLR‐PC and LFMM2 have similar type 1 error, FDRs, and power when analysing biallelic SNPs, while dramatically outperforming models not accounting for population structure. Differences in performance occur under continuous population structure where MLR‐PC outperforms LFMM/LFMM2, especially when a larger number of clusters or triallelic SNPs are analysed. The Human Genome Diversity Project (HGDP) data set shows that both MLR‐PC and LFMM2 control the inflation of ‐values. Analysis of the 1,000 Genome Project Phase 3 data set illustrates that MLR‐PC and LFMM2 produce consistent results for most significant SNPs, while MLR‐PC discovered additional SNPs corresponding to certain genes, suggesting MLR‐PC may be a useful alternative to GEA inference.
Prehospital Factors Associated With Cervical Spine Injury in Pediatric Blunt Trauma Patients
Authors: Browne Lorin R. , Ahmad Fahd A. , Schwartz Hamilton , Wallendorf Michael , Kuppermann Nathan , Lerner E. Brooke , Leonard Julie C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe risk for cervical spine injury (CSI) must be assessed in children who sustain blunt trauma. The Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) retrospectively derived CSI model identifies CSI risk in children based on emergency department (ED) provider observations. The objective of this pilot study was to determine the univariate association of emergency medical services (EMS) provider‐observed historical, mechanistic, and physical examination factors with CSI in injured children. Secondarily, we assessed the performance of the previously identified eight PECARN CSI risk factors (PECARN model) based exclusively on EMS provider observation.MethodsWe conducted a four‐center, prospective observational study of children 0 to 17 years old who were transported by EMS after blunt trauma and underwent spinal motion restriction or trauma team activation in the ED. In the ED, EMS providers recorded their observations for a priori determined CSI risk factors. CSIs were classified by reviewing imaging, consultations, and/or telephone follow‐up. We calculated bivariable relative risks and test characteristics for the PECARN model based solely on EMS provider observations.ResultsOf 1,372 enrolled children, 25 (1.8%) had CSIs. Of the a priori determined CSI risk factors, seven factors had bivariable associations with CSIs: axial load, altered mental status, signs of basilar skull fracture, substantial torso injury, substantial thoracic injury, respiratory distress, and decreased oxygen saturation. The PECARN model (high‐risk motor vehicle collision, diving mechanism, predisposing condition, neck pain, decreased neck mobility, altered mental status, neurologic deficits, and/or substantial torso injury) exhibited the following test characteristics when based on EMS provider observations: sensitivity = 96.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 88.3% to 100.0%); negative predictive value = 99.8% (95% CI = 99.4% to 100.0%); specificity = 38.5% (95% CI = 35.9% to 41.1%); and positive predictive value = 2.8% (95% CI = 1.7% to 3.9%).ConclusionEMS providers can identify risk factors associated with CSI in injured children who experience blunt trauma. These risk factors may be considered for inclusion in a pediatric CSI decision rule specific to the prehospital setting.
The validity of child and adolescent depression diagnoses in the Danish psychiatric central research register
Authors: Frederiksen Line Hofmann , Bilenberg Niels , Andersen Lene , Henriksen Natasha , Jørgensen Jan , Steinhausen Hans‐Christoph , Wesselhoeft Rikke 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the validity of childhood depression diagnoses in the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register (DPCRR) and identified predictors of validity.MethodsA nationwide random sample of 500 children (6–17 years) diagnosed with depression between 1996 and 2016 was identified in the DPCRR. Psychiatric hospital records were reviewed and rated using an online checklist. The primary outcome was whether depressive symptoms and functional impairment documented in hospital records justified a depressive disorder diagnosis based on ICD‐10 or DSM‐5 diagnostic criteria. Diagnostic validity was calculated as the positive predictive value. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify potential predictors of diagnostic validity, and these were included in a multiple logistic regression.ResultsPsychiatric hospital records were available for 393 patients (78.6%). The documentation in the records justified an ICD‐10 depressive episode diagnosis in 72.8%, and DSM‐5 major depressive disorder in 73.3% of the patients registered with a depression diagnosis. We identified three predictors of diagnostic validity: (i) The validity increased almost linearly from 2000 to 2016 (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.07–1.20, p < 0.001), (ii) antidepressant use was associated with increased diagnostic validity (OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.35–3.82, p = 0.002) and (iii) emergency department admission predicted low diagnostic validity (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.12–0.93, p = 0.036).ConclusionChildhood depression diagnoses registered in the DPCRR show a satisfactory validity according to both ICD‐10 and DSM‐5 diagnostic criteria. Diagnostic validity increased steadily from 2000 to 2016 and was positively correlated with antidepressant use. Depression diagnoses assigned in emergency departments had low diagnostic validity.