bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of WEDM process parameters in machining Nimonic 75 alloy using brass wire
Authors: Singh Harvinder , Kumar Vinod , Kapoor Jathinder 
Published: March 2020

PurposeAn experimental study has been conducted to model and optimize wire electric discharge machining (WEDM) process parameters such as pulse-on time, pulse-off time, servo voltage and peak current for response characteristics during machining of Nimonic 75 alloy.Design/methodology/approachThe response surface methodology (RSM)-based Box–Behnken's design has been employed for experimental investigation. RSM is used for developing quadratic regression models for selected response variables i.e. material removal efficiency and kerf width. To validate the model, confirmation experiments have been performed. The multi-response optimization has been done using desirability function approach.FindingsThrough analysis of variation, the percent contribution of process parameters on the response characteristics has been found. Pulse-off time is the most significant parameter affecting the kerf width and material removal efficiency followed by pulse-on time. The quadratic regression models have been developed for prediction of selected response variables. An attempt has been made to optimize the WEDM parameters for material removal efficiency and kerf width. The recommended process parameter setting for maximum material removal efficiency and minimum kerf width have been found to be pulse-on time = 0.6 µs, pulse-off time = 14 µs, servo voltage = 25 V and peak current = 200 A.Originality/valueThe “kerf width” is an important response variable for maintaining dimensional accuracy of the machined component, but has not been given due attention by the researchers. In the present work, the developed regression model for “kerf width” can be used in estimating wire offset setting and thereby getting a dimensionally accurate product. The optimum process parameters obtained in WEDM of Nimonic 75 alloy will contribute in database of machining. The outcome of this study would be added to scare database of the machining of Nimonic 75 alloy and also would be extremely useful for making the technology charts for WEDM.
Exploring police-reported cybercrime in Canada
Authors: Popham James , McCluskey Mary , Ouellet Michael , Gallupe Owen 
Published: March 2020

PurposePolice-reported incidents of cybercrime appear to vary dramatically across Canadian municipal police services. This paper explores cybercrime reporting by police services in eight of Canada's largest municipalities, assessing (1) variation over time; (2) variation across jurisdictions; and (3) correlates of reporting volumes.Design/methodology/approachData was collected from a combination of national Uniform Crime Report statistics and annual reports by police services. Two repeated one-way ANOVA tests and a Pearson'srcorrelation matrix were used to assess variation and correlation.FindingsFindings suggest that police-reported cybercrime varies significantly across jurisdictions but not over time. Moreover, negative relationships were observed between police-reported cybercrime incidents per 100,000 residents and calls for service per 100,000, as well as number of sworn officers per 100,000.Research limitations/implicationsThe study assessed a small sample of cities (N = 8) providing 32 data points, which inhibited robust multivariate analyses. Data also strictly represents calls to police services, therefore excluding alternative resolutions such as public–private interventions.Practical implicationsCanadian provincial and federal governments should consider engaging in high-level talks to harmonize cybercrime reporting strategies within frontline policing. This will mitigate disparity and provide more accurate representations of cybercrime for future policy development. Additionally, services should revisit internal policies and procedures, as it appears that cybercrime is deprioritized in high call volume situations.Originality/valueThis paper introduces previously unreported data about police-reported cybercrime incidents in Canada. Furthermore, it adds quantitative evidence to support previous qualitative studies on police responses to cybercrime.
Optimized utilization of interline power flow controller in an integrated power system
Authors: Mishra Akanksha , G.V. Nagesh Kumar , Bali Sravana Kumar 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
There is a worldwide need to amplify the usage of renewable energy in the manufacture of electrical energy. Thus, the integrated energy systems (IESs) have become a major part of today’s power systems. Wind and solar energies are intermittent power sources and may lead to voltage and power flow instabilities. The purpose of this paper is to use the interline power flow controller (IPFC) for limiting the overloading of the transmission lines and improving the voltage stability of the IES.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper deals with an integrated system consisting of wind and solar energies and conventional systems. An appropriate position for the IPFC in the IES is proposed based on the disparity line utilization factor. The IPFC is then tuned for decreasing the loss of power and lessening the voltage deviation using the grey wolf algorithm.

Findings
The method is implemented on a modified IEEE 30-bus system. Results from the study show that the mega volt ampere (MVA) loading of the overloaded lines is reduced for the IES. Also, the voltage stability and the voltage profile of the system are improved to a major extent. The real and reactive power loss of the system is also brought down.

Originality/value
The use of renewable energy sources is a need of the present world to overcome environmental problems. This research focuses on the use of flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices with renewable sources incorporated in the power system. Very limited research has been done in this field. The IPFC, which is one of the most advanced FACTS device, is used for the study.
Combined Collection and Analysis of Inorganic and Organic Gunshot Residues
Authors: Redouté Minzière Virginie , Werner Denis , Schneider Daniela , Manganelli Manuela , Jung Balthasar , Weyermann Céline , Gassner Anne‐Laure 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGunshot residue (GSR) analysis and their interpretation provide crucial information on a criminal investigation involving the use of firearms. To date, several approaches have been proposed for the implementation of a combined sampling and analysis of inorganic (IGSR) and organic GSR (OGSR). However, it is not clear at this stage if concurrent analyses of both types of residue might be detrimental to the analysis of IGSR currently applied in forensic laboratories. Thus, this work aims to compare and evaluate three different protocols for the combined collection and analysis of IGSR and OGSR. These methods, respectively, involve the use of a modified stub (with two halves, one for the detection of IGSR and the other for the analysis of OGSR); the sequential recovery of GSR with two stubs mounted with different adhesives (double‐sided carbon tape and Tesa® TACK) and the sequential analysis of IGSR and OGSR from a single carbon stub following carbon deposition. The detection of IGSR was carried out using SEM‐EDX, while OGSR analysis was performed using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐MS/MS). Obtained results for experiments performed using Geco Sinoxid® ammunition indicated that sequential analysis was the most suitable protocol for the combined collection and analysis of both IGSR and OGSR. A higher number of inorganic (characteristic and consistent) particles and higher concentrations of ethylcentralite, N‐nitrosodiphenylamine, diphenylamine, and nitroglycerin were recovered with this method.
Prebiotic carbohydrate concentrations of common bean and chickpea change during cooking, cooling, and reheating
Authors: Siva Niroshan , Thavarajah Pushparajah , Thavarajah Dil 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThermal processing of pulse crops influences the type and levels of prebiotic carbohydrates present. Pulses such as common bean and chickpea are rich sources of prebiotic carbohydrates, including sugar alcohols (SAs), raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), fructooligosaccharides (FOSs), resistant starch (RS), and amylose. This study determined the changes in prebiotic carbohydrate concentrations of seven common bean and two chickpea market classes after thermal processing (cooking, cooling, and reheating). A 100‐g serving of common bean provides 0.7 to 10.6 mg of SAs, 3.9 to 5.2 g of RFOs, 57 to 143 mg of FOSs, 2.6 to 3.9 g of RS, and 25 to 33 g of amylose; cooling and reheating reduced RFOs but increased SAs, FOSs, and RS in many cases. A 100‐g serving of chickpea (cooked at 90 °C for 4 hr) provides 1.2 to 1.7 g of SAs, 2.5 to 3.2 g of RFOs, 26 to 43 mg of FOSs, 3.6 to 5.3 g of RS, and 24 to 30 g of amylose; cooling and reheating reduced SAs and RFOs but increased FOSs, RS, and amylose concentrations. Processing methods change the nutritional quality of pulse crops by changing the type and quantity of prebiotic carbohydrates.
Error, noise and bias in de novo transcriptome assemblies
Authors: Freedman Adam H. , Clamp Michele , Sackton Timothy B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDe novo transcriptome assembly is a powerful tool, and has been widely used over the last decade for making evolutionary inferences. However, it relies on two implicit assumptions: that the assembled transcriptome is an unbiased representation of the underlying expressed transcriptome, and that expression estimates from the assembly are good, if noisy approximations of the relative abundance of expressed transcripts. Using publicly available data for model organisms, we demonstrate that, across assembly algorithms and data sets, these assumptions are consistently violated. Bias exists at the nucleotide level, with genotyping error rates ranging from 30% to 83%. As a result, diversity is underestimated in transcriptome assemblies, with consistent underestimation of heterozygosity in all but the most inbred samples. Even at the gene level, expression estimates show wide deviations from map‐to‐reference estimates, and positive bias at lower expression levels. Standard filtering of transcriptome assemblies improves the robustness of gene expression estimates but leads to the loss of a meaningful number of protein‐coding genes, including many that are highly expressed. We demonstrate a computational method, length‐rescaled CPM, to partly alleviate noise and bias in expression estimates. Researchers should consider ways to minimize the impact of bias in transcriptome assemblies.
Single‐center study to determine the safety and efficacy of CT‐707 in Chinese patients with advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase‐rearranged non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Song Peng , Zhang Xiaotong , Yang Dongliang , Wang Hanping , Si Xiaoyan , Zhang Li 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionIt has been proven that ALK‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is sensitive to ALK inhibitors while the chemotherapy resistance is unavoidable. In this study, safety and antitumor activity of the novel ALK inhibitor (ALKi) CT‐707 were evaluated in Chinese patients with advanced ALK‐rearranged NSCLC.MethodsThis single‐center, open‐label phase I study recruited adult patients with ALK‐rearrangement (confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and/or immunohistochemistry) of locally advanced/metastatic malignancies including NSCLC. This study consisted of two parts: dose escalation and dose expansion. CT‐707 was administered orally once a day for 21 days.ResultsA total of 13 patients who were treated with CT‐707 from 450 to 600 mg (in the dose increasing phase) were enrolled in this trial (two patients were previously treated with crizotinib). There were 12 patients diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma and one patient with malignant pleural mesothelioma. After treatment, grade 3 diarrhea (600 mg once a day) was found as dose‐limiting toxicity (DLT).The most common adverse events included diarrhea (92%), elevated aspartate aminotransferase (61%), elevated alanine aminotransferase (54%), hair loss (38%), and vomiting (31%). The overall response rate was 77% (10/13). Among all patients, four of the five patients who did not receive any treatment, one of the two patients who had received treatments with crizotinib, and five of the six patients who received standard chemotherapy achieved partial response (PR). One patient reached a complete remission (CR).ConclusionsThis study indicated that CT‐707 is clinically effective as a new antitumor drug for Chinese lung adenocarcinoma patients with ALK rearrangement. It is safe and reliable and the dose‐expansion phase recruitment has started.
Ultrasound location of pulmonary nodules in video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery for precise sublobectomy
Authors: Hou Yue‐Long , Wang Yan‐Dong , Guo Hong‐Qi , Zhang YuKun , Guo YongKuan , Han HongLi 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundWe investigated the clinical value of accurate sublobectomy of pulmonary nodules using video‐assisted thoracoscopy (VATS). In June 2017 to June 2019, single lung nodule patients who accepted thoracoscopic resection were included. Palpation and intraoperative ultrasound (IU) were used to localize lung nodules, and the success rate, location time and safety compared. Performance of lung nodule ultrasound was assessed. The success rate of IU localization of pulmonary nodules with different properties was studied.ResultsA total of 33 cases with single pulmonary nodules were included in the study, and 32 cases (97%) were successfully located by IU as opposed to 16 cases (48.5%) located by palpation (P < 0.05). Clear hypoechoic ultrasound images of nodules were obtained in all 32 cases, and the diameter of pulmonary nodules on ultrasound and CT were found to have a significant correlation (R = 0.860, P = 0.000). The average positioning time of IU was lower than that of the palpation group (P < 0.05). No complications occurred during ultrasound examination. The success rate of intraoperative ultrasonic localization between the pure ground‐glass opacity (p‐GGO) group and the mixed‐ground‐glass opacity (m‐GGO) group was 90%, 100% (P = 0.526).ConclusionsIn thoracoscopic surgery, IU can locate pulmonary nodules accurately, efficiently and safely, and also has a high degree of accuracy in locating different types of pulmonary nodules.
Methodology matters for comparing coarse wood and bark decay rates across tree species
Authors: Chang Chenhui , van Logtestijn Richard S. P. , Goudzwaard Leo , van Hal Jurgen , Zuo Juan , Hefting Mariet , Sass‐Klaassen Ute , Yang Shanshan , Sterck Frank J. , Poorter Lourens , Cornelissen Johannes H. C. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

The importance of wood decay for global carbon and nutrient cycles is widely recognized. However, relatively little is known about bark decay dynamics, even though bark represents up to 25% of stem dry mass. Moreover, bark presence versus absence can significantly alter wood decay rates. Therefore, it really matters for the fate of carbon whether variation in bark and wood decay rates is coordinated across tree species.

Answering this question requires advances in methodology to measure both bark and wood mass loss accurately. Decay rates of large logs in the field are often quantified as loss in tissue density, in which case volume depletions of bark and wood can yield large underestimations.

To quantify the real decay rates, we assessed bark mass loss per stem surface area and wood mass loss based on volume‐corrected density loss. We further defined the range of actual bark mass loss by considering bark cover loss. Then, we tested the correlation between bark and wood mass loss across 20 temperate tree species during 4 years of decomposition.

The area‐based method generally showed more than 3‐fold higher bark mass loss than the density‐based method (even higher if considering bark cover loss), and volume‐corrected wood mass losses were 1.08–1.12 times higher than density‐based mass loss. The deviation of bark mass loss between the two methods was higher for tree species with thicker inner bark. Bark generally decomposed twice as fast as wood across species, and faster decaying bark came with faster decaying wood (R2 = 0.26, p = 0.006).

We strongly suggest using corrected volume when assessing wood mass loss especially for the species with faster decomposable sapwood and all the wood at advanced decay stages. Further studies of coarse stem decomposition should consider trait ‘afterlife’ effects of inner bark and estimate fraction of stem bark cover to obtain more accurate decay rates.

Our new method should benefit our understanding of the in situ dynamics of woody debris decay and monitoring research in different forest ecosystems world‐wide, and should aid meta‐analyses across diverse studies.
Prioritizing habitat core areas and corridors for a large carnivore across its range
Authors: Kaszta Ż. , Cushman S. A. , Macdonald D. W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWith increasing loss and fragmentation of habitats driving the emerging global extinction crisis, paired with limited resources for conservation, there is an immense need to identify and prioritize the most important areas for conservation actions. The goal of this study was to measure, map and rank core areas and corridors for mainland clouded leopard (a forest indicator species) across its entire range in Southeast Asia. We used an empirically based landscape resistance model developed from range‐wide camera survey data, cumulative resistant kernel analysis to define core areas and least‐cost network analysis to identify corridors for long‐distance dispersal. We then ranked core areas based on their strength and size, and corridors based on their strength and the strength of core areas they connect. We found that the most important core areas and corridors are concentrated in Southeast Asia, largely in Myanmar, Laos and Malaysia. Myanmar contains nearly the entirety of the first and third highest ranked core areas, as well as the most important network of corridors in SE Asia. Almost the entire territory of Laos constitutes one large potential core area, ranked as the second most important across the clouded leopard’s range. A large number (22) of very small (<8000 km2) and fairly isolated core areas are in China. Only 24% of clouded leopard core areas and 17% of corridors are protected. This is the first example of using empirical models to prioritize conservation actions across the full range of a large carnivore. Our analysis identifies the location, size and connectivity of the most important remaining habitats of the clouded leopard across its range, which could provide quantitative guidance in the efforts to maximize the efficacy of regional conservation initiatives to conserve this species and the ecosystems it inhabits.
Metabolomics in endometrial cancer diagnosis: A systematic review
Authors: Raffone Antonio , Troisi Jacopo , Boccia Dominga , Travaglino Antonio , Capuano Giovanfrancesco , Insabato Luigi , Mollo Antonio , Guida Maurizio , Zullo Fulvio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionEndometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecological malignancy in the developed world. The prognosis of EC strongly depends on tumor stage, hence the importance of improving diagnosis. Metabolomics has recently appeared as a promising test for a non‐invasive diagnosis of several diseases. Nevertheless, no metabolic marker has been approved for use in the routine practice. We aimed to provide an overview of metabolomics findings in the diagnosis of EC.Material and methodsA systematic review was performed by searching eight electronic databases from their inception to October 2019 for studies assessing metabolomics in EC diagnosis. Extracted data included characteristics of patients and EC, serum concentration of metabolites in women with and without EC and its association with EC diagnosis, tumor behavior and pathological characteristics.ResultsSix studies with 732 women (356 cases and 376 controls) were included. Several metabolites were found able to predict the presence of EC, tumor behavior (progression and recurrence) and pathological characteristics (histotype, myometrial invasion and lymph vascular space invasion).ConclusionsMetabolomics might be suitable for a non‐invasive diagnosis and screening of EC, offering the possibility to predict tumor behavior and pathological characteristics. Further studies are necessary to validate these results.
Establishment of an in vitro culture model to study milk production and the blood–milk barrier with bovine mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Tsugami Yusaku , Suzuki Norihiro , Kawahara Manabu , Suzuki Takahiro , Nishimura Takanori , Kobayashi Ken 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study attempted to establish a culture model to recreate the milk production pathway in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). BMECs were isolated from Holstein cows (nonlactating, nonpregnant, and parous) and were stored by cryopreservation. To separate the apical and basolateral compartments, BMECs were cultured on a cell culture insert with a collagen gel in the presence of bovine pituitary extract and dexamethasone to induce milk production and tight junction (TJ) formation. The culture model showed the secretion of the major milk components, such as β‐casein, lactose, and triglyceride, and formed less‐permeable TJs in BMECs. Moreover, the TJs were distinctly separated from the apical and basolateral membranes. Glucose transporter‐1, which transports glucose into the cytoplasm through the basolateral membrane, localized in the lateral membrane of BMECs. Toll‐like receptor‐4, which binds to lipopolysaccharide in the alveolar lumen in mastitis, localized in the apical membrane. Beta‐casein was mainly localized near the Golgi apparatus and the apical membrane. Moreover, milk components were almost secreted into the upper chamber of the cell culture insert. These findings indicate that this model has clear cell polarity as well as in vivo and is effective to study of milk production and the blood–milk barrier in lactating BMECs.