bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mouse models for abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Golledge Jonathan , Krishna Smriti Murali , Wang Yutang 
Published: September 2020

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture is estimated to cause 200,000 deaths each year. Currently, the only treatment for AAA is surgical repair; however, this is only indicated for large asymptomatic, symptomatic or ruptured aneurysms, is not always durable, and is associated with a risk of serious perioperative complications. As a result, patients with small asymptomatic aneurysms or who are otherwise unfit for surgery are treated conservatively, but up to 70% of small aneurysms continue to grow, increasing the risk of rupture. There is thus an urgent need to develop drug therapies effective at slowing AAA growth. This review describes the commonly used mouse models for AAA. Recent research in these models highlights key roles for pathways involved in inflammation and cell turnover in AAA pathogenesis. There is also evidence for long non‐coding RNAs and thrombosis in aneurysm pathology. Further well‐designed research in clinically relevant models is expected to be translated into effective AAA drugs.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Preclinical Models for Cardiovascular disease research (BJP 75th Anniversary). To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.5/issuetoc
The phylogeny of Dendropsophini (Anura: Hylidae: Hylinae)
Authors: Orrico Victor G.D. , Grant Taran , Faivovich Julian , Rivera‐Correa Mauricio , Rada Marco A. , Lyra Mariana L. , Cassini Carla S. , Valdujo Paula H. , Schargel Walter E. , Machado Denis J. , Wheeler Ward C. , Barrio‐Amorós Cesar , Loebmann Daniel , Moravec Jiří , Zina Juliana , Solé Mirco , Sturaro Marcelo J. , Peloso Pedro L.V. , Suarez Pablo , Haddad Célio F.B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe relationships of the hyline tribe Dendropsophini remain poorly studied, with most published analyses dealing with few of the species groups ofDendropsophus. In order to test the monophyly of Dendropsophini, its genera, and the species groups currently recognized inDendropsophus, we performed a total evidence phylogenetic analysis. The molecular dataset included sequences of three mitochondrial and five nuclear genes from 210 terminals, including 12 outgroup species, the two species ofXenohyla, and 93 of the 108 recognized species ofDendropsophus. The phenomic dataset includes 46 terminals, one per species (34Dendropsophus, oneXenohyla, and 11 outgroup species). Our results corroborate the monophyly of Dendropsophini and the reciprocal monophyly ofDendropsophusandXenohyla. Some species groups ofDendropsophusare paraphyletic (theD. microcephalus,D. minimus, andD. parvicepsgroups, and theD. rubicundulusclade). On the basis of our results, we recognize nine species groups; for three of them (D. leucophyllatus,D. microcephalus, andD. parvicepsgroups) we recognize some nominal clades to highlight specific morphology or relationships and facilitate species taxonomy. We further discuss the evolution of oviposition site selection, where our results show multiple instances of independent evolution of terrestrial egg clutches during the evolutionary history ofDendropsophus.
Decriminalising public drunkenness: Accountability and monitoring needed in the ongoing and evolving management of public intoxication
Authors: Pennay Amy , Savic Michael , Seear Kate , Volpe Isabelle , Manning Victoria , Room Robin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn light of the recent announcement from the Victorian (Australia) state government that they are moving to decriminalise public drunkenness and replace it with a ‘health‐based response’, it is timely to reflect on a number of important considerations identified from the academic literature on this topic. We briefly review a number of models of health‐care delivery that have been utilised in other jurisdictions, and suggest there are opportunities at a more principled level to respond more adequately to the decriminalisation of public drunkenness in Victoria (and elsewhere). First, embedding research and evaluation, particularly that draws on the needs, views and experiences of those who are deemed to be drunk in public, is essential from the outset, and must be ongoing to enable the continual refinement of models of care. Second, significant funding and intersectoral support are needed to ensure that the laws are not tokenistic and do not remain the responsibility of police. Third, there are opportunities to put policies and principles in place to ensure that police do not use more coercive powers to address concerns around public drunkenness. Most importantly, state‐wide education and training efforts are needed alongside the repeal of the law to ensure that emergency services and health‐care workers (as well as the community), have a good understanding of the contexts and needs of people who are considered drunk in public, and consequently treat them with care and respect.
Cognitive improvement after cochlear implantation in deaf children with associated disabilities
Authors: Micheletti Serena , Accorsi Patrizia , Giordano Lucio , Calza Stefano , Nassif Nader , Barezzani Maria G , Fazzi Elisa , Redaelli de Zinis Luca O 
Published: September 2020

AimTo monitor functional auditory and non‐verbal cognitive skills in children with cochlear implants who had associated disabilities over a 24‐month period and define how cochlear implantation may impact on non‐verbal cognition by restoring functional auditory skills.MethodSixty‐four children with cochlear implants (36 females, 28 males; mean age 4y 3mo, SD 3y 5mo, 9mo–14y 5mo) were recruited and divided into three groups: children with typical development group (TDG); children with associated disabilities not linked to non‐verbal cognitive disorders group (ADG1); and children with associated disabilities linked to non‐verbal cognitive disorders group (ADG2). Tests of functional auditory, communicative, and non‐verbal cognitive skills were performed before cochlear implantation and at 12 and 24 months after cochlear implantation.ResultsFunctional auditory and communicative skills improved similarly in the three groups at 12 and 24 months after implantation. An increase in non‐verbal cognitive scores was present in children in the ADG2 from baseline to 12 and 24 months (p<0.01), whereas scores remained stable in children in the TDG and ADG1. The increased functional auditory skills scores after cochlear implantation corresponded to an increase in non‐verbal cognitive scores (p=0.032) in children in the ADG2.InterpretationChildren with associated disabilities, especially if linked to non‐verbal cognitive disorders, benefitted from cochlear implantation. They improved their comprehension of acoustic information inferred from the environment, improving not only functional auditory skills but also non‐verbal cognition.What this paper adds

Functional auditory and non‐verbal cognitive scores of deaf children with cognitive disorders improved after cochlear implantation.

Restored functional auditory skills improved non‐verbal cognition in deaf children with cognitive disorders.
Genomic ancestry and metabolic syndrome in individuals with type 1 diabetes from an admixed population: a multicentre, cross‐sectional study in Brazil
Authors: Barros B. S. V. , Santos D. C. , Melo L. G. N. , Pizarro M. H. , Muniz L. H. , Silva D. A. , Porto L. C. , Gomes M. B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the relationship between self‐reported colour‐race, genomic ancestry, and metabolic syndrome in an admixed Brazilian population with type 1 diabetes.MethodsWe included 1640 participants with type 1 diabetes. The proportions of European, African and Amerindian genomic ancestries were determined by 46 ancestry informative markers of insertion deletion. Two different sets of analyses were performed to determine whether self‐reported colour‐race and genomic ancestry were predictors of metabolic syndrome.ResultsMetabolic syndrome was identified in 29.8% of participants. In the first model, the factors associated with metabolic syndrome were: female gender (odds ratio 1.95, P < 0.001); diabetes duration (odds ratio 1.04, P < 0.001); family history of type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 1.36, P = 0.019); and acanthosis nigricans (odds ratio 5.93, P < 0.001). Colour‐race was not a predictive factor for metabolic syndrome. In the second model, colour‐race was replaced by European genomic ancestry. The associated factors were: female gender (odds ratio 1.95, P < 0.001); diabetes duration (odds ratio 1.04, P < 0.001); family history of type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 1.39, P = 0.011); and acanthosis nigricans (odds ratio 6.12, P < 0.001). Physical exercise (≥3 times a week) was a protective factor (odds ratio 0.77, P = 0.041), and European genomic ancestry was not associated with metabolic syndrome but showed an odds ratio of 1.77 (P = 0.05).ConclusionsAlthough a higher level of European genomic ancestry was observed among participants with metabolic syndrome in the univariate analysis, this association did not persist after multivariable adjustments. Further prospective studies in other highly admixed populations remain necessary to better evaluate whether the European ancestral component modulates the development of metabolic syndrome in type 1 diabetes.
Prognostic implications of neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio in COVID‐19
Authors: Jimeno Sara , Ventura Paula S. , Castellano Jose M. , García‐Adasme Salvador I. , Miranda Mario , Touza Paula , Lllana Isabel , López‐Escobar Alejandro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical presentation of COVID‐19 ranges from a mild, self‐limiting disease, to multiple organ failure and death. Most severe COVID‐19 cases present low lymphocytes counts and high leukocytes counts, and accumulated evidence suggests that in a subgroup of patients presenting severe COVID‐19, there may be a hyperinflammatory response driving a severe hypercytokinaemia which may be, at least in part, signalling the presence of an underlying endothelial dysfunction. In this context, available data suggest a prognostic role of neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in various inflammatory diseases and oncological processes. Following this rationale, we hypothesized that NLR, as a marker of endothelial dysfunction, may be useful in identifying patients with a poor prognosis in hospitalized COVID‐19 cases.DesignA retrospective observational study performed at Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid, Spain, which included 119 patients with COVID‐19 from 1 March to 31 March 2020. Patients were categorized according to WHO R&D Expert Group.ResultsForty‐five (12.1%) patients experienced severe acute respiratory failure requiring respiratory support. Forty‐seven (12.6%) patients died. Those with worse outcomes were older (P = .002) and presented significantly higher NLR at admission (P = .001), greater increase in Peak NLR (P < .001) and higher increasing speed of NLR (P = .003) compared with follow‐up patients. In a multivariable logistic regression, age, cardiovascular disease and C‐reactive protein at admission and Peak NLR were significantly associated with death.ConclusionsNLR is an easily measurable, available, cost‐effective and reliable parameter, which continuous monitoring could be useful for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID‐19.
Elevational environmental stress modulating species cohabitation in nests of a social insect
Authors: Viana‐Junior Arleu B. , Mitraud Paola , Dáttilo Wesley , DeSouza Og , de S. Neves Frederico 
Published: September 2020

Termite nests may offer shelter to a number of species, alleviating the effects of environmental harshness. Certain elevational gradients provide variation on edaphoclimatic features, possibly generating harsh environmental conditions and boosting the number of immigrants seeking shelter within termitaria. Therefore, it is expected that metrics describing the community of termitaria cohabitants would correlate with elevation.
To test this hypothesis, we surveyed the termitophiles inhabiting 20 nests of Nasutitermes coxipoensis along an elevational gradient in a tropical mountain in Brazil. We assessed the richness, abundance, and composition (β‐diversity) of termite nests' cohabitants, testing nest volume and elevational position as explanatory covariates.
We found a positive correlation between the elevation at which termitaria were located and the richness and abundance of cohabiting termitophiles. Additionally, no correlation was found between elevational distance and dissimilarity of cohabitant communities between termitaria. Hence, the understanding that termitaria work as an ‘oasis’ of favorable microclimate is reinforced by our findings that the composition changed but was not correlated to elevation.
In short, environmental harshness boosts the establishment of distinct species of termitophiles in termitaria and it does so regardless of the invading species identity.
Termite salinity tolerance and potential for transoceanic dispersal through rafting
Authors: Chiu Chun‐I , Mullins Aaron J. , Kuan Kuan‐Chih , Lin Ming‐Der , Su Nan‐Yao , Li Hou‐Feng 
Published: September 2020

Oceanic rafting through driftwood has been hypothesized to be a mechanism underlying the transoceanic distribution of termites (Order: Blattodea). To test this hypothesis, we examined the salinity tolerance of 12 termite species from eight genera and three families, namely Archotermopsidae, Kalotermitidae, and Rhinotermitidae.
Our results revealed that the survival rates of Incisitermes inamurai (Oshima), Cryptotermes domesticus (Haviland), Prorhinotermes flavus (Bugnion and Popoff), P. simplex (Hagen), and Heterotermes sp. are not affected by treatment with 3.5% saline water, strongly supported that oceanic rafting may be a mechanism underlying the insects' transoceanic distribution.
By contrast, Hodotermopsis sjostedti Holmgren, Glyptotermes satsumensis (Matsumura), Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, Co. gestroi (Wasmann), Reticulitermes virginicus (Banks), R. leptomandibularis Hsia and Fan, and R. kanmonensis Takematsu treated with saline water showed dehydration symptoms, and their mortality rates increased significantly within 12 days after treatment. These results indicate that these species are less likely to be dispersed through oceanic driftwood and that their transoceanic dispersal is rather more likely to occur through human transportation or land bridges.
Phylogenetic positions and habitats of salinity‐tolerant termites implied that the acquisition of salinity tolerance may relate to both phylogeny and coastal living.
The role of boards in the financial vulnerability of nonprofit organizations
Authors: Garcia‐Rodriguez Inigo , Romero‐Merino M. Elena , Santamaria‐Mariscal Marcos 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPrior literature on nonprofit organizations (NPOs) has focused on the effect of board composition on organizational efficiency. However, this research is focused on presenting an analysis of the relationship between the financial vulnerability of NPOs and their boards. Although studies of for‐profit organizations have confirmed this relationship both theoretically and empirically, it is a novel one in the literature regarding nonprofit entities. We apply a multitheoretical approach to explain the dual role of the board (providing both advice and monitoring operations) and a multidimensional model of financial vulnerability. To this end, we use an original hand‐collected database of 64 NPOs from Spain and 800 board members. Contrary to our expectations, our results do not support the existence of a significant relationship between board composition (in terms of board structure and directors’ experience and education) and the financial vulnerability of NPOs.
Trawl fishing impacts on the status of seabed fauna in diverse regions of the globe
Authors: Mazor Tessa , Pitcher C. Roland , Rochester Wayne , Kaiser Michel J. , Hiddink Jan G. , Jennings Simon , Amoroso Ricardo , McConnaughey Robert A. , Rijnsdorp Adriaan D. , Parma Ana M. , Suuronen Petri , Collie Jeremy , Sciberras Marija , Atkinson Lara , Durholtz Deon , Ellis Jim R , Bolam Stefan G. , Schratzberger Michaela , Couce Elena , Eggleton Jacqueline , Garcia Clement , Kainge Paulus , Paulus Sarah , Kathena Johannes N. , Gogina Mayya , van Denderen P. Daniël , Keller Aimee A. , Horness Beth H. , Hilborn Ray 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBottom trawl fishing is a controversial activity. It yields about a quarter of the world's wild seafood, but also has impacts on the marine environment. Recent advances have quantified and improved understanding of large‐scale impacts of trawling on the seabed. However, such information needs to be coupled with distributions of benthic invertebrates (benthos) to assess whether these populations are being sustained under current trawling regimes. This study collated data from 13 diverse regions of the globe spanning four continents. Within each region, we combined trawl intensity distributions and predicted abundance distributions of benthos groups with impact and recovery parameters for taxonomic classes in a risk assessment model to estimate benthos status. The exposure of 220 predicted benthos‐group distributions to trawling intensity (as swept area ratio) ranged between 0% and 210% (mean = 37%) of abundance. However, benthos status, an indicator of the depleted abundance under chronic trawling pressure as a proportion of untrawled state, ranged between 0.86 and 1 (mean = 0.99), with 78% of benthos groups > 0.95. Mean benthos status was lowest in regions of Europe and Africa, and for taxonomic classes Bivalvia and Gastropoda. Our results demonstrate that while spatial overlap studies can help infer general patterns of potential risk, actual risks cannot be evaluated without using an assessment model that incorporates trawl impact and recovery metrics. These quantitative outputs are essential for sustainability assessments, and together with reference points and thresholds, can help managers ensure use of the marine environment is sustainable under the ecosystem approach to management.
Energetics of Acidianus ambivalens growth in response to oxygen availability
Authors: Hart Chloe , Gorman‐Lewis Drew 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAll life requires energy to drive metabolic reactions such as growth and cell maintenance; therefore, fluctuations in energy availability can alter microbial activity. There is a gap in our knowledge concerning how energy availability affects the growth of extreme chemolithoautotrophs. Toward this end, we investigated the growth of thermoacidophile Acidianus ambivalens during sulfur oxidation under aerobic to microaerophilic conditions. Calorimetry was used to measure enthalpy (ΔHinc) of microbial activity, and chemical changes in growth media were measured to calculate Gibbs energy change (ΔGinc) during incubation. In all experiments, Gibbs energy was primarily dissipated through the release of heat, which suggests enthalpy‐driven growth. In microaerophilic conditions, growth was significantly more efficient in terms of biomass yield (defined as C‐mol biomass per mole sulfur consumed) and resulted in lower ΔGinc and ΔHinc. ΔGinc in oxygen‐limited (OL) and oxygen‐ and CO2‐limited (OCL) microaerophilic growth conditions resulted in averages of −1.44 × 103 kJ/C‐mol and −7.56 × 102 kJ/C‐mol, respectively, and average ΔHinc values of −1.11 × 105 kJ/C‐mol and −4.43 × 104 kJ/C‐mol, respectively. High‐oxygen experiments resulted in lower biomass yield values, an increase in ΔGinc to −1.71 × 104 kJ/C‐mol, and more exothermic ΔHinc values of −4.71 × 105 kJ/C‐mol. The observed inefficiency in high‐oxygen conditions may suggest larger maintenance energy demands due to oxidative stresses and a preference for growth in microaerophilic environments.
Parasitoids indicate major climate‐induced shifts in arctic communities
Authors: Kankaanpää Tuomas , Vesterinen Eero , Hardwick Bess , Schmidt Niels M. , Andersson Tommi , Aspholm Paul E. , Barrio Isabel C. , Beckers Niklas , Bêty Joël , Birkemoe Tone , DeSiervo Melissa , Drotos Katherine H. I. , Ehrich Dorothee , Gilg Olivier , Gilg Vladimir , Hein Nils , Høye Toke T. , Jakobsen Kristian M. , Jodouin Camille , Jorna Jesse , Kozlov Mikhail V. , Kresse Jean‐Claude , Leandri‐Breton Don‐Jean , Lecomte Nicolas , Loonen Maarten , Marr Philipp , Monckton Spencer K. , Olsen Maia , Otis Josée‐Anne , Pyle Michelle , Roos Ruben E. , Raundrup Katrine , Rozhkova Daria , Sabard Brigitte , Sokolov Aleksandr , Sokolova Natalia , Solecki Anna M. , Urbanowicz Christine , Villeneuve Catherine , Vyguzova Evgenya , Zverev Vitali , Roslin Tomas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractClimatic impacts are especially pronounced in the Arctic, which as a region is warming twice as fast as the rest of the globe. Here, we investigate how mean climatic conditions and rates of climatic change impact parasitoid insect communities in 16 localities across the Arctic. We focus on parasitoids in a widespread habitat, Dryas heathlands, and describe parasitoid community composition in terms of larval host use (i.e., parasitoid use of herbivorous Lepidoptera vs. pollinating Diptera) and functional groups differing in their closeness of host associations (koinobionts vs. idiobionts). Of the latter, we expect idiobionts—as being less fine‐tuned to host development—to be generally less tolerant to cold temperatures, since they are confined to attacking hosts pupating and overwintering in relatively exposed locations. To further test our findings, we assess whether similar climatic variables are associated with host abundances in a 22 year time series from Northeast Greenland. We find sites which have experienced a temperature rise in summer while retaining cold winters to be dominated by parasitoids of Lepidoptera, with the reverse being true for the parasitoids of Diptera. The rate of summer temperature rise is further associated with higher levels of herbivory, suggesting higher availability of lepidopteran hosts and changes in ecosystem functioning. We also detect a matching signal over time, as higher summer temperatures, coupled with cold early winter soils, are related to high herbivory by lepidopteran larvae, and to declines in the abundance of dipteran pollinators. Collectively, our results suggest that in parts of the warming Arctic, Dryas is being simultaneously exposed to increased herbivory and reduced pollination. Our findings point to potential drastic and rapid consequences of climate change on multitrophic‐level community structure and on ecosystem functioning and highlight the value of collaborative, systematic sampling effort.