bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New, Promising Experimental Ossicular Prosthesis: A Human Temporal Bone Study With Laser Doppler Vibrometry
Authors: Rönnblom Anton , Gladiné Kilian , Niklasson Anders , von Unge Magnus , Dirckx Joris , Tano Krister 
Published: December 2019

Objective:
We compared the sound transmission using different types of total ossicular replacement prostheses (TORP); we then studied the performance of a new TORP that we designed inspired by the columella, the single ossicle found in birds.

Methods:
Stapedial vibrations were measured on nine freshly frozen human temporal bones with laser Doppler vibrometry. We then compared the performances of eight common TORP positions or designs as well as the new silver prototype of bird-type prosthesis, designed also according to our digital holography patterns of the human tympanic membrane (TM).

Results:
The TORPs placed in lateral contact with both the TM and the malleus handle outperformed, at most frequencies, those placed only in contact with the TM.
The new bird-type prosthesis performed equally well or better than all other prostheses.

Conclusion:
If the malleus handle can be retained when placing a TORP, the best sound transmission can be achieved by placing the TORP in contact with both the distal part of the malleus handle and the TM. The good performance of our bird-type prosthesis suggests that there is still room for future improvement of prosthesis design to further optimize hearing outcomes after surgery.
Predictive value of the combination of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and ankle-brachial index for cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Park Hyun-Woong , Kim Hye-Ree , Kang Min Gyu , Kim Kyehwan , Koh Jin-Sin , Park Jeong Rang , Hwang Seok-Jae , Jeong Young-Hoon , Ahn Jong Hwa , Park Yongwhi , Hwang Jin-Yong 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Although ankle-brachial index and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity measurement are well-established modalities for assessing peripheral artery disease and arterial stiffness and predicting cardiovascular events, it is unclear which one is more important or if a combination of the two is more effective for determining prognosis among patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Methods:
Patients with acute myocardial infarction (n = 889) were stratified into four groups according to a brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (cut-off value: 1684 cm/s) and ankle-brachial index (cut-off value: 0.98): group I (high ankle-brachial index and low brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, n = 389), group II (high ankle-brachial index and high brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, n = 281), group III (low ankle-brachial index and low brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, n = 103), group IV (low ankle-brachial index and high brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, n = 116). The mean follow-up duration was 348 days.

Results:
Major adverse cardiovascular events or cardiac death occurred in 64 (7.2%) and 26 patients (2.9%), respectively. In multivariable analysis, group III and IV had a significant high hazard ratio for major adverse cardiovascular events (5.93, 5.43) and cardiac death (13.51, 19.06). Additionally, ankle-brachial index had a higher hazard ratio than brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity for major adverse cardiovascular events (3.38 vs. 1.40) and cardiac death (6.21 vs. 2.40). When comparing receiver operating characteristic curves of the combined models of risk factors, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, and ankle-brachial index, pulse wave velocity plus ankle-brachial index or pulse wave velocity plus ankle-brachial index plus risk factors were significantly more predictive of major adverse cardiovascular events than risk factors.

Conclusion:
Our findings indicate that ankle-brachial index is a strong independent prognostic factor and adding a brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity measurement to ankle-brachial index increases the prognostic power for cardiac events in patients with acute myocardial infarction, while ankle-brachial index and pulse wave velocity showed additive value to risk factors.
Trait Perfectionism and Psychosocial Outcomes in Adolescents With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Piercy Jamie , Stinson Jennifer , Church Peter C. , Walters Thomas D. , Frost Karen , Ahola Kohut Sara 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of this prospective cross‐sectional study was to examine perfectionism, disease self‐management, and psychosocial outcomes in a sample of adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).Methods:Adolescent patients with IBD and caregivers were enrolled in the study. Patients completed the Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and the TRANSITION‐Q. Parents completed the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale and the parent form of the SDQ. Health care providers reported on disease activity using the Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index (PUCAI) and the Pediatric Crohn Disease Activity Index (PCDAI).Results:Ninety adolescents (mean age 15.17 ± 1.49, range = 12–18) with diagnosed IBD (51 CD, 37 UC, and 2 IBD‐U) and 76 primary caregivers participated in the study. Results indicated high rates of self‐oriented perfectionism in adolescents with IBD (59% of sample reported elevated rates; 33% of sample in the clinical range). After accounting for age, sex, and disease activity, self‐oriented perfectionistic striving was associated with better disease self‐management; nonetheless, adolescent and parent perfectionistic strivings were also related to higher adolescent internalizing symptoms (standardized beta = 0.22 and 0.29, respectively). Additionally, perfectionistic concerns (self‐critical and socially prescribed perfectionism) were associated with higher rates of adolescent‐reported externalizing symptoms (standardized beta 0.30 and 0.24). Further, multilevel mixed modelling found no differences within‐dyad in relation to perfectionism, but documented that adolescents report higher levels of externalizing symptoms compared with parents.Conclusions:The present study explores the prevalence and presentation of perfectionism in a sample of adolescents with IBD. Results suggest dimensions of perfectionism are differentially associated with psychosocial and disease management outcomes, suggesting further evidence of the relationship between perfectionism, maladaptive coping, and subsequent influences on health outcomes in the context of pediatric chronic illness.
Early Hyperoxemia and Outcome Among Critically Ill Children
Authors: Ramgopal Sriram , Dezfulian Cameron , Hickey Robert W. , Au Alicia K. , Venkataraman Shekhar , Clark Robert S. B. , Horvat Christopher M. 
Published: December 2019

Objective:
To identify whether a high Pao
2 (hyperoxemia) at the time of presentation to the PICU is associated with in-hospital mortality.

Design:
Single-center observational study.

Setting:
Quaternary-care PICU.

Patients:
Encounters admitted between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2018.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Encounters with a measured Pao
2 were included. To account for severity of illness upon presentation, we calculated a modified Pediatric Risk of Mortality IV score excluding Pao
2 for each encounter, calibrated for institutional data. Logistic regression was used to determine whether hyperoxemia (Pao
2 ≥ 300 torr [39.99 kPa]) in the 12 hours surrounding PICU admission was associated with in-hospital mortality. We reperformed our analysis using a cutoff for hyperoxemia obtained by comparisons of observed versus predicted mortality when encounters were classified by highest Pao
2 in 50 torr (6.67 kPa) bins. Results are reported as adjusted odds ratios with 95% CIs. Of 23,719 encounters, 4,093 had a Pao
2 recorded in the period –6 to +6 hours after admission. Two hundred seventy-four of 4,093 (6.7%) had in-hospital mortality. The prevalence of hyperoxemia increased with rising modified Pediatric Risk of Mortality IV and was not associated with mortality in multivariable models (adjusted odds ratio, 1.38; 95% CI, 0.98–1.93). When using a higher cutoff of hyperoxemia derived from comparison of observed versus predicted rates of mortality of greater than or equal to 550 torr (73.32 kPa), hyperoxemia was associated with mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 2.78; 95% CI, 2.54–3.05).

Conclusions:
A conventional threshold for hyperoxemia at presentation to the PICU was not associated with in-hospital mortality in a model using a calibrated acuity score. Extreme states of hyperoxemia (≥ 73.32 kPa) were significantly associated with in-hospital mortality. Prospective research is required to identify if hyperoxemia before and/or after PICU admission contributes to poor outcomes.
The Role of Environmental Factors in the Etiology of Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefts
Authors: Eshete Mekonen , Butali Azeez , Abate Fikre , Hailu Taye , Hailu Abiye , Degu Shiferaw , Demissie Yohannes , Gravem Paul E. , Derbew Miliard , Mossey Peter , Bush Tamara , Deressa Wakgari 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Nonsyndromic orofacial clefts (NSOFCs) represent the most common congenital anomalies in the head and neck region. Multiple factors contribute to the occurrence of this anomaly. The etiology of NSOFCs in the Ethiopian population has not been investigated prior to this study.

Aims of the Study:
To assess the role of maternal environmental factors in the occurrence of NSOFCs in the Ethiopian Population.

Methods:
The authors used unmatched case control study design and evaluated the role of environmental factors to the occurrence of NSOFCs in the Ethiopian population. The participants were recruited from the same institution (Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College). The authors studied 760 mothers (359 mothers of children born with NSOFCs and 401 mothers of children born without any congenital anomalies). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to calculate relative risk by odds ratio and 95% confidence interval.

Results:
Mothers who gave history of bronchial asthma and mothers who were admitted for threatened abortion had a higher risk of delivering a child with NSOFCS P value=0.013; AOR=0.194, 95% CI [0.053–0.712], P value <0.001; AOR= 0.179, 95% CI [0.091–0.352] respectively. Higher number of children with NSOFCs were born to mothers who were exposed to diagnostic X-ray investigation during early pregnancy than those who were not exposed P value 0.048; AOR=0.375, 95% CI [0.142–0.990].

Conclusion:
Maternal exposure to diagnostic x-ray, maternal chronic illness like bronchial asthma and threatened abortion were found to be associated with the occurrence of NSOFCS in the studied population.
Pediatric Pedestrian Facial Fracture Patterns and Management Following Motor Vehicle Collisions
Authors: Liu Farrah C. , Le Thuy-My T. , Oleck Nicholas C. , Halsey Jordan N. , Hoppe Ian C. , Lee Edward S. , Granick Mark S. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose:
Pedestrian trauma due to motor vehicle crashes can be especially destructive to the pediatric population as the facial skeleton is immature and developing. Almost half of crashes resulting in pedestrian death involved alcohol consumption, and children are often victims of irresponsible driving. The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of facial fractures in this patient population in order to analyze management strategies that optimize functional recovery.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review was performed for all facial fractures resulting from motor vehicle collisions with pedestrians in the pediatric population at a level 1 trauma center in an urban environment (University Hospital in Newark, NJ). Patient demographics were collected, as well as location of fractures, concomitant injuries, and surgical management strategies.

Results:
During the time period examined, 55 patients were identified as 18 years of age or younger and having sustained a facial fracture as the result of being struck by a motor vehicle. The mean age was 11.3 (range 1–18) years, with a male predominance of 69.0%. There were a total of 125 fractures identified on radiologic imaging via CT or X-ray. The most common fractures were those of the orbit (20.0%), mandible (19.2%), and nasal bone (10.4%). The mean Glasgow Coma Scale on arrival was 12.1 (range 4–15). Fifteen patients were intubated on, or prior to, arrival to the trauma bay. The most common concomitant injuries were intracranial hemorrhage, long bone fractures, and cervical spine fractures. The mean operative time was 216.9 (range 63–515) minutes. Surgery was required in 36 patients, with most undergoing open reduction and internal fixation with titanium plates and screws. Two patients required resorbable plates, and one required Medpor implants. The mean hospital length of stay was 9.9 (range 1–59) days. Two patients expired.

Conclusions:
There is currently a dearth of literature regarding the management and patterns of injury for pediatric pedestrian injuries due to motor vehicle collisions. The impact of these injuries can be devastating with concomitant life-threatening complications, and may influence the future development of the facial skeleton after healing of the bone and soft tissue. The authors hope this study can provide insight and further investigation regarding prevention and management.
Imaging real-time tactile interaction with two-person dual-coil fMRI
Authors: Renvall Ville , Kauramäki Jaakko , Malinen Sanna , Hari Riitta , Nummenmaa Lauri 
Published: December 2019

SummaryStudies of brain mechanisms supporting social interaction are demanding because real interaction only occurs when the persons are in contact. Instead, most brain imaging studies scan subjects individually. Here we present a proof-of-concept demonstration of two-person blood oxygenation dependent (BOLD) imaging of brain activity from two individuals interacting inside the bore of a single MRI scanner. We developed a custom 16-channel (8 + 8 channels) two-helmet coil with two separate receiving elements providing whole-brain coverage, while bringing participants into a shared physical space and realistic face-to-face contact. Ten subject pairs were scanned with the setup. During the experiment, subjects took turns in tapping each other’s’ lip versus observing and feeling the taps timed by auditory instructions. Networks of sensorimotor brain areas were engaged alternatingly in the subjects during executing motor actions as well as observing and feeling them; these responses were clearly distinguishable from the auditory responses occurring similarly in both participants. Even though the signal-to-noise ratio of our coil system was compromised compared with standard 32-channel head coils, our results show that the two-person fMRI scanning is a feasible in studying the brain basis of social interaction.
Neural Correlates of Working Memory Training: Evidence for Plasticity in Older Adults
Authors: Iordan Alexandru D. , Cooke Katherine A. , Moored Kyle D. , Katz Benjamin , Buschkuehl Martin , Jaeggi Susanne M. , Polk Thad A. , Peltier Scott J. , Jonides John , Reuter-Lorenz Patricia A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBrain activity typically increases with increasing working memory (WM) load, regardless of age, before reaching an apparent ceiling. However, older adults exhibit greater brain activity and reach ceiling at lower loads than younger adults, possibly reflecting compensation at lower loads and dysfunction at higher loads. We hypothesized that WM training would bolster neural efficiency, such that the activation peak would shift towards higher memory loads after training. Pre-training, older adults showed greater recruitment of the WM network than younger adults across all loads, with decline at the highest load. Ten days of adaptive training on a verbal WM task improved performance and led to greater brain responsiveness at higher loads for both groups. For older adults the activation peak shifted rightward towards higher loads. Finally, training increased task-related functional connectivity in older adults, both within the WM network and between this task-positive network and the task-negative/default-mode network. These results provide new evidence for functional plasticity with training in older adults and identify a potential signature of improvement at the neural level.
A DNA-guided Argonaute Protein Functions in DNA Replication in Thermus thermophilus
Authors: Jolly Samson M. , Gainetdinov Ildar , Jouravleva Karina , Zhang Han , Strittmatter Lara , Hendricks Gregory M. , Dhabaria Avantika , Ueberheide Beatrix , Zamore Phillip D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractArgonaute proteins use nucleic acid guides to protect organisms against transposons and viruses. In the eubacterium Thermus thermophilus, the DNA-guided Argonaute TtAgo defends against transformation by DNA plasmids. Here, we report that TtAgo also participates in DNA replication. TtAgo binds small DNA guides derived from the chromosomal region where replication terminates and associates with proteins known to act in DNA replication. T. thermophilus deploys a single type II topoisomerase, gyrase. When gyrase is inhibited, T. thermophilus relies on TtAgo to complete replication of its circular genome; loss of both gyrase and TtAgo activity produces long filaments that fail to separate into individual bacteria. We propose that the primary role of TtAgo is to help T. thermophilus disentangle the catenated circular chromosomes made by DNA replication.One Sentence SummaryThe DNA-guided Argonaute protein of Thermus thermophilus helps separate daughter chromosomes at the end of DNA replication.
Fibroblast growth factor-2 prevents synaptic pathology in minimal hepatic encephalopathy via NRG1/ErbB4 signaling
Authors: Wang Jian , Zhuge Weishan , Lu Xiaoai , You Ruimin , Liu Leping , Yu He , Ye Yiru , Wang Xuebao , Zhuge Qichuan , Ding Saidan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundMinimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is implicated in the impairment of memory function. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) is involved in modulating synaptic and neuronal formation.MethodsThe aim of this study is to examined the impacts of FGF2 on MHE pathology. Our study addressed whether FGF2 could trigger neuregulin-1 (NRG1) release to ameliorate synaptic impairment in MHE rats and in primary cultured neurons.ResultsThe results showed the decreased FGF2 expression in MHE brains. After treatment with FGF2, secreted neuregulin-1 (NRG1) and ErbB4 were increased, and the interaction of the 2 proteins was enhanced. Additionally, treatment with FGF2 or NRG1 induced synaptic formation, with increase in the activity of synapse and the density of dendritic spine, through Sirt1. NRG1 signaling was prevented by administration of FGF2, which acts through the FGFR1 in MHE rats. Finally, intracerebroventricular injection with FGF2 or NRG1 mitigated the impairment of synaptogenesis.ConclusionThe data suggest that FGF2 may be a promising latent therapeutic reagent for MHE pathogenesis.
Decoding of emotion expression in the face, body and voice reveals sensory modality specific representations
Authors: Vaessen Maarten , Van der Heijden Kiki , de Gelder Beatrice 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTA central issue in affective science is whether the brain represents the emotional expressions of faces, bodies and voices as abstract categories in which auditory and visual information converge in higher order conceptual and amodal representations. This study explores an alternative theory based on the hypothesis that under naturalistic conditions where affective signals are acted upon that rather than reflected upon, major emotion signals (face, body, voice) have sensory specific brain representations. During fMRI recordings, participants were presented naturalistic dynamic stimuli of emotions expressed in videos of either the face or the whole body, or voice fragments. To focus on automatic emotion processing and bypass explicit emotion cognition relying on conceptual processes, participants performed an unrelated target detection task presented in a different modality than the stimulus. Using multivariate analysis to asses neural activity patterns in response to emotion expressions in the different stimuli types, we show a distributed brain organization of affective signals in which distinct emotion signals are closely tied to the sensory origin. Our findings are consistent with the notion that under ecological conditions the various sensory emotion expressions have different functional roles, even when from an abstract conceptual vantage point they all exemplify the same emotion category.
Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis and associated factors among prisoners in Western Oromia, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Dibissa Keneni Ephrem , Waktole Zelalem Desalegn , Tolessa Belachew Etana 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrisoners are a disproportionately at high risk for tuberculosis. This is because; prisons represent dynamic communities where at-risk groups congregate. It increases the transmission rate because of overcrowding and living together with infected individuals. This study was done to determine the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis and associated factors among prisoners of Western Oromia, Ethiopia in 2017.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among prisoners who have a history of cough for two weeks or more. Data were collected from 270 participants and sputum sample was collected from 249 prisoners and analyzed in GeneXpert for having pulmonary tuberculosis. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with the development of pulmonary tuberculosis among prisoners.ResultsThe overall prevalence among suspected cases was (15.6%; 95% CI (11.5, 20)) which makes the point prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis were 744 per 100,000 of prisoners. Prisoners who had history of cigarette smoking before imprisonment (AOR=3.55; 95% CI (1.29, 9.78)), contacted with known TB patient (AOR=5.63; 95% CI (2.19, 14.41)), share prison cell with TB patients (AOR=3.51; 95% CI (1.34, 9.19)) and Body Mass Index <18.5kg/m2 (AOR=8.87; 95% CI (3.23, 24.37)) were more likely to have pulmonary tuberculosis.ConclusionA higher prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis was observed among prisoners in the three prisons of Wollega Zones. To avert this problem, screening of prisoners should be done at the entry and separation of inmates with symptoms of tuberculosis should be done.
Comparative genomic analysis of Cristatella mucedo provides insights into Bryozoan evolution and nervous system function
Authors: Starunov Viktor V , Predeus Alexander V , Barbitoff Yury A , Kutiumov Vladimir A , Maltseva Arina L , Vodiasova Ekatherina A , Kohn Andrea B , Moroz Leonid L , Ostrovsky Andrew N 
Published: December 2019

This manuscript has been withdrawn by the authors as it was submitted without the full consent of all the authors.Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author.