bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New method to improve the quality of vision in cataractous keratoconus eyes
Authors: Miret Juan J. , Camps Vicente J. , García Celia , Caballero María T. , de Fez Dolores , Piñero David P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTo analyze using optical simulations if the proper use of a segmented intraocular lens (IOL) can improve the visual outcomes compared to the implantation of a spherical monofocal IOL. The wavefront profile of the Mplus (Oculentis) and a monofocal IOLs with the phase transformation introduced by each IOL were calculated using a Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor. In addition, the wavefront profile of schematic eye models of various keratoconus conditions was obtained and was propagated to the IOLs. The optical performance of such combination was obtained after combining ray tracing and Fourier optics. A pre-clinical validation was also evaluated incorporating clinical data from three different keratoconus eyes of three patients. The implantation of the Mplus IOL can compensate or reduce the overall coma of the eye with keratoconus improving the quality of vision compared with a spherical monofocal IOL due to lower displacements of the retinal image or tilting in keratoconus. All theoretical simulations were confirmed afterwards by mean of a preclinical validation. The use of a standard toric segmented IOL with a proper orientation and selection of the addition can improve the optical quality of the keratoconus eye compared to the use of a monofocal spherical IOL.
Late Holocene droughts and cave ice harvesting by Ancestral Puebloans
Authors: Onac Bogdan P. , Baumann Steven M. , Parmenter Dylan S. , Weaver Eric , Sava Tiberiu B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWater availability for Native Americans in the southwestern United States during periods of prolonged droughts is poorly understood as regional hydroclimate records are scant or contradicting. Here, we show that radiocarbon-dated charcoal recovered from an ice deposit accumulated in Cave 29, western New Mexico, provide unambiguous evidence for five drought events that impacted the Ancestral Puebloan society between ~ AD 150 and 950. The presence of abundant charred material in this cave indicates that they periodically obtained drinking water by using fire to melt cave ice, and sheds light on one of many human–environment interactions in the Southwest in a context when climate change forced growing Ancestral Puebloan populations to exploit water resources in unexpected locations. The melting of cave ice under current climate conditions is both uncovering and threatening a fragile source of paleoenvironmental and archaeological evidence of human adaptations to a seemingly marginal environment.
Protistan and fungal diversity in soils and freshwater lakes are substantially different
Authors: Sieber G. , Beisser D. , Bock C. , Boenigk J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFreshwater and soil habitats hold rich microbial communities. Here we address commonalities and differences between both habitat types. While freshwater and soil habitats differ considerably in habitat characteristics organismic exchange may be high and microbial communities may even be inoculated by organisms from the respective other habitat. We analyze diversity pattern and the overlap of taxa of eukaryotic microbial communities in freshwater and soil based on Illumina HiSeq high-throughput sequencing of the amplicon V9 diversity. We analyzed corresponding freshwater and soil samples from 30 locations, i.e. samples from different lakes across Germany and soil samples from the respective catchment areas. Aside from principle differences in the community composition of soils and freshwater, in particular with respect to the relative contribution of fungi and algae, soil habitats have a higher richness. Nevertheless, community similarity between different soil sites is considerably lower as compared to the similarity between different freshwater sites. We show that the overlap of organisms co-occurring in freshwater and soil habitats is surprisingly low. Even though closely related taxa occur in both habitats distinct OTUs were mostly habitat–specific and most OTUs occur exclusively in either soil or freshwater. The distribution pattern of the few co-occurring lineages indicates that even most of these are presumably rather habitat-specific. Their presence in both habitat types seems to be based on a stochastic drift of particularly abundant but habitat-specific taxa rather than on established populations in both types of habitats.
Bilayer lead oxide X-ray photoconductor for lag-free operation
Authors: Grynko Oleksandr , Thibault Tristen , Pineau Emma , Juska Gytis , Reznik Alla 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPolycrystalline Lead Oxide (poly-PbO) was considered one of the most promising photoconductors for the direct conversion X-ray medical imaging detectors due to its previous success in optical imaging, i.e., as an optical target in so-called Plumbicon video pick-up tubes. However, a signal lag which accompanies X-ray excitation, makes poly-PbO inapplicable as an X-ray-to-charge transducer in real-time X-ray imaging. In contrast, the recently synthesized Amorphous Lead Oxide (a-PbO) photoconductor is essentially lag-free. Here, we report on our approach to a PbO detector where a thin layer of a-PbO is combined with a thick layer of poly-PbO for lag-free operation. In the presented a-PbO/poly-PbO bilayer structure, the poly-PbO layer serves as an X-ray-to-charge transducer while the a-PbO acts as a lag prevention layer. The hole mobility in the a-PbO/poly-PbO bilayer structure was measured by photo-Charge Extraction by Linearly Increasing Voltage technique at different temperatures and electric fields to investigate charge transport properties. It was found that the hole mobility is similar to that in a-Se—currently the only commercially viable photoconductor for the direct conversion X-ray detectors. Evaluation of the X-ray temporal performance demonstrated complete suppression of signal lag, allowing operation of the a-PbO/poly-PbO detector in real-time imaging.
Anatomical and histological analyses reveal that tail repair is coupled with regrowth in wild-caught, juvenile American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis)
Authors: Xu Cindy , Palade Joanna , Fisher Rebecca E. , Smith Cameron I. , Clark Andrew R. , Sampson Samuel , Bourgeois Russell , Rawls Alan , Elsey Ruth M. , Wilson-Rawls Jeanne , Kusumi Kenro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractReptiles are the only amniotes that maintain the capacity to regenerate appendages. This study presents the first anatomical and histological evidence of tail repair with regrowth in an archosaur, the American alligator. The regrown alligator tails constituted approximately 6–18% of the total body length and were morphologically distinct from original tail segments. Gross dissection, radiographs, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed that caudal vertebrae were replaced by a ventrally-positioned, unsegmented endoskeleton. This contrasts with lepidosaurs, where the regenerated tail is radially organized around a central endoskeleton. Furthermore, the regrown alligator tail lacked skeletal muscle and instead consisted of fibrous connective tissue composed of type I and type III collagen fibers. The overproduction of connective tissue shares features with mammalian wound healing or fibrosis. The lack of skeletal muscle contrasts with lizards, but shares similarities with regenerated tails in the tuatara and regenerated limbs inXenopusadult frogs, which have a cartilaginous endoskeleton surrounded by connective tissue, but lack skeletal muscle. Overall, this study of wild-caught, juvenile American alligator tails identifies a distinct pattern of wound repair in mammals while exhibiting features in common with regeneration in lepidosaurs and amphibia.
Improved magnetostriction in Galfenol alloys by aligning crystal growth direction along easy magnetization axis
Authors: Zhou Chao , Liu Yapeng , Chen Kaiyun , Dai Zhiyong , Ma Tianyu , Wang Yu , Ren Shuai , Deng Junkai , Zhang Rui , Tian Fanghua , Zhang Yin , Zeng Hao , Yang Sen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGalfenol (Iron-gallium) alloys have attracted significant attention as the promising magnetostrictive materials. However, the as-cast Galfenols exhibit the magnetostriction within the range of 20–60 ppm, far below the requirements of high-resolution functional devices. Here, based on the geometric crystallographic relationship, we propose to utilize the 90°-domain switching to improve the magnetostriction of Galfenols by tuning the crystal growth direction (CGD) along the easy magnetization axis (EMA). Our first-principles calculations demonstrate that Pt doping can tune the CGD of Galfenol from [110] to [100], conforming to the EMA. Then, it is experimentally verified in the (Fe0.83Ga0.17)100−xPtx (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0) alloys and the magnetostriction is greatly improved from 39 ppm (x = 0, as-cast) to 103 ppm (x = 0.8, as-cast) and 188 ppm (x = 0.8, directionally solidified), accompanying with the increasing CGD alignment along [100]. The present study provides a novel approach to design and develop high-performance magnetostrictive materials.
Comparative lipidomic analysis of mammalian retinal ganglion cells and Müller glia in situ and in vitro using High-Resolution Imaging Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Pereiro Xandra , Fernández Roberto , Barreda-Gómez Gabriel , Ruzafa Noelia , Acera Arantxa , Araiz Javier , Astigarraga Egoitz , Vecino Elena 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn order to better understand retinal physiology, alterations to which underlie some ocular diseases, we set out to establish the lipid signature of two fundamental cell types in the retina, Müller Glia and Retinal Ganglion Cells (RGCs). Moreover, we compared the lipid signature of these cells in sections (in situ), as well as after culturing the cells and isolating their cell membranes (in vitro). The lipidome of Müller glia and RGCs was analyzed in porcine retinal sections using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Imaging Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-IMS). Isolated membranes, as well as whole cells from primary cell cultures of RGCs and Müller glia, were printed onto glass slides using a non-contact microarrayer (Nano Plotter), and a LTQ-Orbitrap XL analyzer was used to scan the samples in negative ion mode, thereafter identifying the RGCs and Müller cells immunohistochemically. The spectra acquired were aligned and normalized against the total ion current, and a statistical analysis was carried out to select the lipids specific to each cell type in the retinal sections and microarrays. The peaks of interest were identified by MS/MS analysis. A cluster analysis of the MS spectra obtained from the retinal sections identified regions containing RGCs and Müller glia, as confirmed by immunohistochemistry in the same sections. The relative density of certain lipids differed significantly (p-value ≤ 0.05) between the areas containing Müller glia and RGCs. Likewise, different densities of lipids were evident between the RGC and Müller glia cultures in vitro. Finally, a comparative analysis of the lipid profiles in the retinal sections and microarrays identified six peaks that corresponded to a collection of 10 lipids characteristic of retinal cells. These lipids were identified by MS/MS. The analyses performed on the RGC layer of the retina, on RGCs in culture and using cell membrane microarrays of RGCs indicate that the lipid composition of the retina detected in sections is preserved in primary cell cultures. Specific lipid species were found in RGCs and Müller glia, allowing both cell types to be identified by a lipid fingerprint. Further studies into these specific lipids and of their behavior in pathological conditions may well help identify novel therapeutic targets for ocular diseases.
Variation in biosynthesis of an effective anticancer secondary metabolite, mahanine in Murraya koenigii, conditional on soil physicochemistry and weather suitability
Authors: Kandimalla Raghuram , Das Momita , Barge Sagar R. , Sarma Partha Pratim , Koiri Dibya Jyoti , Devi Arundhuti , Karki Arjun Kumar , Kumar Anil , Devi Rajlakshmi , Pal Bikas C. , Talukdar Narayan C. , Samanta Suman Kumar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMurraya koenigii(MK) leaf being a rich source of bioactive secondary metabolites has received inordinate attention in drug development research. Formation of secondary plant metabolite(s) in medicinal plants depends on several factors and in this study the cause of variation in bioavailability and content of a vital bioactive phytochemical, mahanine in the MK leaves from different geographical locations of varying soil properties and weather parameters was determined. Accordingly, MK leaves and soil samples around the plant base in quintuplicate from each site across five states of India at similar time point were collected. Mahanine content was determined and compared among samples from different regions. The quantitative analysis data comprised that MK-leaves of southern part of India contains highest amount of mahanine, which is 16.9 times higher than that of MK-leaves of north-eastern part of India (which measured as the lowest). The results suggested that pH, conductivity and bacterial populations of the soil samples were positively correlated with mahanine content in the MK-leaves. For examples, the average soil pH of the southern India sites was in basic range (8.8 ± 0.6); whereas that of the north-east India sites was in slightly acidic ranges (6.1 ± 0.5) and mean soil conductivity value for the north east India soils was 78.3 ± 16.3 µS/cm against mean value of 432.4 ± 204.5 µs/cm for south India soils. In conclusion, this study proclaims that higher level of bioactive phytochemical, mahanine in MK leaves depending upon geographical location, weather suitability and soil’s physiochemical and microbial parameters of its cultivation sites.
DCX+ neuronal progenitors contribute to new oligodendrocytes during remyelination in the hippocampus
Authors: Klein Barbara , Mrowetz Heike , Kreutzer Christina , Rotheneichner Peter , Zaunmair Pia , Lange Simona , Coras Roland , Couillard-Despres Sebastien , Rivera Francisco J. , Aigner Ludwig 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA pool of different types of neural progenitor cells resides in the adult hippocampus. Apart from doublecortin-expressing (DCX+) neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs), the hippocampal parenchyma also contains oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), which can differentiate into myelinating oligodendrocytes. It is not clear yet to what extent the functions of these different progenitor cell types overlap and how plastic these cells are in response to pathological processes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether hippocampal DCX+NPCs can generate new oligodendrocytes under conditions in which myelin repair is required. For this, the cell fate of DCX-expressing NPCs was analyzed during cuprizone-induced demyelination and subsequent remyelination in two regions of the hippocampal dentate gyrus of DCX-CreERT2/Flox-EGFP transgenic mice. In this DCX reporter model, the number of GFP+NPCs co-expressing Olig2 and CC1, a combination of markers typically found in mature oligodendrocytes, was significantly increased in the hippocampal DG during remyelination. In contrast, the numbers of GFP+PDGFRα+cells, as well as their proliferation, were unaffected by de- or remyelination. During remyelination, a higher portion of newly generated BrdU-labeled cells were GFP+NPCs and there was an increase in new oligodendrocytes derived from these proliferating cells (GFP+Olig2+BrdU+). These results suggest that DCX-expressing NPCs were able to contribute to the generation of mature oligodendrocytes during remyelination in the adult hippocampus.
Fluctuations in the detection of the HOM effect
Authors: Makarov Dmitry N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect is known to be one of the main phenomena in quantum optics. It is believed that the effect occurs when two identical single-photon waves enter a 1:1 beam splitter, one in each input port. When the photons are identical, they will extinguish each other. In this work, it is shown that these fundamental provisions of the HOM interference may not always be fulfilled. One of the main elements of the HOM interferometer is the beam splitter, which has its own coefficients of reflection $$R = 1/2$$

R
=
1
/
2

and transmission $$ T = 1/2 $$

T
=
1
/
2

. Here we consider the general mechanism of the interaction of two photons in a beam splitter, which shows that in the HOM theory of the effect it is necessary to know (including when planning the experiment) not only $$ R = 1/2 $$

R
=
1
/
2

and $$ T = 1/2 $$

T
=
1
/
2

, but also their root-mean-square fluctuations $$ \Delta R ^ 2, \Delta T ^ 2 $$

Δ

R
2

,
Δ

T
2

, which arise due to the dependence of $$R = R(\omega _1, \omega _2) $$

R
=
R
(

ω
1

,

ω
2

)

and $$ T = T (\omega _1, \omega _2) $$

T
=
T
(

ω
1

,

ω
2

)

on the frequencies where $$\omega _1, \omega _2$$

ω
1

,

ω
2

are the frequencies of the first and second photons, respectively. Under certain conditions, specifically when the dependence of the fluctuations $$ \Delta R^2 $$

Δ

R
2

and $$ \Delta T^2 $$

Δ

T
2

can be neglected and $$ R=T=1/2 $$

R
=
T
=
1
/
2

is chosen, the developed theory coincides with previously known results.
The spatiotemporal estimation of the risk and the international transmission of COVID-19: a global perspective
Authors: Lin Yuan-Chien , Chi Wan-Ju , Lin Yu-Ting , Lai Chun-Yeh 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAn ongoing novel coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) started in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Currently, the spatiotemporal epidemic transmission, prediction, and risk are insufficient for COVID-19 but we urgently need relevant information globally. We have developed a novel two-stage simulation model to simulate the spatiotemporal changes in the number of cases and estimate the future worldwide risk. Simulation results show that if there is no specific medicine for it, it will form a global pandemic. Taiwan, South Korea, Hong Kong, Japan, Thailand, and the United States are the most vulnerable. The relationship between each country's vulnerability and days before the first imported case occurred shows an exponential decrease. We successfully predicted the outbreak of South Korea, Japan, and Italy in the early stages of the global pandemic based on the information before February 12, 2020. The development of the epidemic is now earlier than we expected. However, the trend of spread is similar to our estimation.
Smoking characteristics and lung functions among university athletes
Authors: Saiphoklang Narongkorn , Poachanukoon Orapan , Soorapan Suchada 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCigarette smoking has negative effects on the respiratory system, particularly pulmonary functions. This study aimed to determine smoking prevalence and characteristics among university athletes. We conducted a cross-sectional study of Thammasat University athletes in Thailand from July to October 2018. Demographic and smoking data were recorded. Exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) levels and lung function data were analysed. A total of 433 subjects (56% men) were included. Mean age was 19.8 ± 1.3 years. Asthma was reported in 5.5%. The prevalence of current cigarette smoking was 23.8%. Tobacco use was 3.0 ± 3.2 cigarettes per day. The Fagerstrom score for nicotine dependence was 0.76 ± 1.47. Compared to non-smokers, smokers were predominately males (70.6% vs 29.4%, P < 0.001), had higher exhaled CO levels (3.75 ± 3.08 ppm vs 2.18 ± 0.73 ppm, P < 0.001), higher FVC (89.65 ± 17.61% vs 83.22 ± 15.72%, P = 0.001), higher FEV1 (92.60 ± 15.36% vs 87.77 ± 11.23%, P = 0.002), but lower FEV1/FVC (78.21 ± 5.38% vs 79.70 ± 5.60%, P = 0.015). Moreover, athletes who smoke, were more likely to: drink alcohol, have a family member who smokes, have a friend who smokes or have a university instructor who smokes. In conclusion, smoking prevalence among university athletes was relatively high, although low nicotine addiction level and good lung functions were found. Home and institute environments had important influences on cigarette use in students.Trial registration: TCTR20180917001
Analysis of defects and their impact on the production losses using Pareto diagrams
Authors: Germanova-Krasteva Diana , Dimcheva Irena 
Published: November 2020

The Pareto diagram is a powerful tool for identifying the significant factors influencing objects, processes, services, etc. In the production sphere, it is very suitable for analysis of defects and their impact. In this work are summarized the types of defects that occur in the production of headrest covers for car seats. Analysis was made of both the frequency of occurrence of defects and the financial losses from them. The research is done on the whole production range (all projects) proceeded in a given month, on product families and on specific products. The three defects with the highest frequency of occurrence were identified. For them, additional study was conducted to determine the impact of the type of used material on internal scrap calculated as an expense in euros.Based on the obtained results, recommendations are made for improving the work and its results.
Gouvernabilité dans le discours freudien
Authors: Birman Joël 
Published: November 2020

Cet article problématise la question de la gouvernabilité dans lediscours freudien. L’auteur commence son propos par la lecture du texte de Freud « Psychologie des foules et analyse du moi », où le point fondamental a été la critique de toute a tradition théorique antérieure sur les foules, pour bien montrer qu’il y avait chez Freud une analyse du pouvoir au sens positif du mot. En même temps est proposée une articulation de ce texte de Freud avec les textes où Freud analyse la societé et la culture. Ces avancées théoriques de Freud est lue avec cles thèses d’autres auteurs qui ont pensé le politique et la politique du monde contemporain : Foucault, Negri, Hardt et Laclau.
Diabetic Macular Edema in Diabetological Practices
Authors: Michelson Georg , Forst Thomas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUsing mobile OCT equipment and remote ophthalmological diagnosis of n = 1538 diabetics in 17 diabetes practices in Germany, we found diabetic macular edema in 10.1% of the patients and retinal bleedings or microaneurysms in 15.6%. In 1.62% of the diabetics examined, the size of the edema was > 0.4 mm², in 7% the retinal thickness was > 300 µm and thus in need of treatment. An intravitreal anti-VEGF injection was administered prior to the examination in only 10% of the patients with diabetic macular edema. By means of mobile tele-eye consultation and remote ophthalmological diagnosis using the cloud-based patient file certified as medical device IIa, patients with diabetic macular edema were identified and informed on site quickly and definitively. The data and images were made available to all attending physicians and ophthalmic surgeons.