bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supporting parents living in disadvantaged areas of Edinburgh to create a smoke-free home using nicotine replacement therapy (NRT): A two-phase qualitative study.
Authors: O'Donnell Rachel , Lewis Grace , Lumsdaine Colin , Tano Giovanna Di , Swanston Liz , Amos Gillian , Finnie Anne , Rowa-Dewar Neneh 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Childhood exposure to second-hand smoke in the home is largely associated with socio-economic disadvantage. Disadvantaged parents face specific challenges creating a smoke-free home, often caring for children in accommodation without access to outdoor garden space. Existing home interventions largely fail to accommodate these constraints. Innovative approaches are required to address this inequality. In this two-phase study, we engaged with parents living in disadvantaged areas of Edinburgh, Scotland, to explore tailored approaches to creating a smoke-free home and develop and pilot-test an intervention based on their views and preferences.Methods In Phase 1, qualitative interviews with 17 parents recruited from Early Years Centres explored alternative approaches to smoke-free home interventions. In Phase 2, an intervention based on parents’ views and preferences was pilot tested with parents recruited through Early Years and Family Nurse Partnership centres. 17 parents took part in an interview to share their views/experience of the intervention. Data from both study phases were thematically analysed.Results Phase 1 findings suggested that parents associated nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) with quit attempts, but supported the idea of NRT use for temporary abstinence to create a smoke-free home, viewing this as a safer option than using e-cigarettes indoors. In Phase 2, 54 parents expressed an interest in accessing NRT to create a smoke-free home, 32 discussed NRT product choice during a home visit from a smoking adviser, and 20 collected their free NRT prescription from the pharmacy. NRT was used for up to 12 weeks in the home, with ongoing advice available from pharmacy staff. During qualitative interviews (N = 17), parents self-reported successfully creating a smoke-free home; quitting smoking; and reduced cigarette consumption, often exceeding their expectations regarding changes made. The intervention was acceptable to parents, but the multi-step process used to access NRT was cumbersome. Some participants were lost to this process.Conclusions Parents living in disadvantage may benefit from access to NRT for temporary abstinence in the home to assist them to protect their children from second-hand smoke exposure. Further research using a more streamlined approach to NRT access, is required to determine the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of this approach.
Isoliquiritin Pre-Treatment Promotes Multi-Territory Perforator Flap Survival in Rats: An Experimental Study
Authors: Wang Yapeng , Zhang Xin , Wu Yongwei , Ma Yunhong , Liu Jun , Rui Yongjun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background The present study was design to investigate the effect of isoliquiritin (ISL) pretreatment on multi-territory perforator flap survival and blood vessels of Choke II zone in rats.Methods A total of 80 adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into ISL group and normal saline group, and subsequently and subjected to multi-territory perforator flap operations on the left flank. Afterwards, rats in ISL group were intraperitoneally injected with ISL, and rats from normal saline group were intraperitoneally injected with equal amount of normal saline. After seven days, the surviving flap area was calculated, the density of microvessels and (vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)were measured in Choke II zone. In addition, blood vessels of the flap were subjected to lead oxide-gelatin radiography.Results The flap survival area was significantly enhanced in rats from the ISL group compared with that from the saline group (P < 0.01). HE staining indicated significantly higher microvascular density in Choke II zone in the ISL group (P < 0.01). Immunohistochemistry and Western blot assays showed that the expression of VEGF in the ISL group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.01). Moreover, the vascular structure in Choke II zone of the flap was clearer, with more new blood vessels and more complete vascular structure in the potential zone from the ISL group, in comparison with those from the normal saline group.Conclusion ISL is beneficial to the multi-territory perforator flap survival in rats.
Transplanted Hair Follicle Stem Cells Migrate to the Penumbra and Express Neural Markers in a Rat Model of Cerebral Ischaemia/Reperfusion
Authors: Zhang Xuemei , Tang Hao , Mao Senlin , Li Bing , Zhou Yinglian , Yue Hui , Wang Duo , Wang Yifei , Fu Jin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Ischaemic stroke has become the main cause of death and severe neurological disorders, for which effective restorative treatments are currently limited. While stem cell transplantation offers therapeutic potential through neural regeneration, this approach is associated with challenges of limited applicable sources. Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are multipotential cells which can differentiate into ectodermal and mesodermal lineages and proliferate for long periods. The therapeutic potentials of HFSCs have not been investigated in ischaemic stroke models and, therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine whether they can survive and migrate to ischaemic areas after stroke attack. Methods : A rat model of middle cerebral artery ischaemia/reperfusion was established and intravenously administrated HFSCs. The potential of HFSCs to migrate and differentiate into neuron-like cells, as well as their ability to reduce the infarct size, was evaluated. Rat brain tissue samples were collected 2 weeks after cell transplantation and analysed via TTC staining, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry methods. The data were statistically analysed and are presented as the means ± standard deviations (SDs). Results : Intravenously administrated rat HFSCs migrated to the penumbra where they expressed neuron-specific markers, reduced the infarct volume, and promoted neurological recovery. Conclusion : HFSC transplantation has therapeutic potential for ischaemic stroke, which implies that HFSC treatment might be useful for stroke patients in the future and is, therefore, worthy of further investigation toward possible clinical development.
Optimal Parity Cut-off Values for Predicting Postpartum Hemorrhage in Vaginal Deliveries and Cesarean Sections
Authors: Miyoshi Yasuhiro 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background High parity is a major public health concern in developing countries and it is a risk factor for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). The aim of this study was to analyze the optimal parity cut-off values for predicting PPH in vaginal deliveries and cesarean sections in a rural Zambian setting.Methods All women who delivered at Zimba Mission Hospital in 2017 were reviewed in this retrospective survey. Those whose records were missing data on parity and those with risk factors for developing PPH (e.g. birth weight ≥ 4,000 g, multiple pregnancy, assisted vaginal delivery, and placenta previa) were excluded. We analyzed the association between parity and PPH using multiple logistic regression and ROC curve analyses.Results Among the 1,555 women included in the study, 72 (4.6%) women experienced PPH. The optimal cut-off values for parity in vaginal deliveries and cesarean sections were para 7 and 3, respectively. Using these cut-off values, the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 3.26 (1.15, 9.21) and 8.28 (2.25, 30.5), respectively.Conclusions Proper preparation is required for vaginal deliveries in women with a history of ≥ 7 births and cesarean sections in women with a history of ≥ 3 births.
Citizens’ Expectations from Government in Response to COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study in Iran
Authors: Zarei Leila , Shahabi Saeed , Sadati Ahmad Kalateh , Tabrizi Reza , Heydari Seyed Taghi , Lankarani Kamran Bagheri 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background The government is the main body in charge of controlling epidemics; hence, expectations from government’s intention and capacity would affect citizens’ behavior and flexibility. Although a range of policies, including social distancing measures, have been adopted in Iran to control COVID-19 pandemic, the Iranian have faced with several economic and social challenges. Accordingly, effective, equitable, and community-based policies must be formulated and adopted to diminish other burdens of this pandemic. Given the severity of COVID-19 pandemic and an urgent need for people's cooperation in the prevention and combat processes, understanding the public perspectives would be crucial and instructive.Methods This qualitative study used an open-ended online questionnaire to investigate the common perspectives of the Iranian towards government’s response to COVID-19 pandemic. The participants were selected using snowball and convenient sampling techniques across the country. The collected data were analyzed and described using thematic content analysis.Results In general, 2547 participants agreed to participate in this study and completed the online questionnaire. According to the findings, the Iranian exhibited several expectations regarding the government's response to COVID-19 pandemic, based on which three main themes were extracted: (1) health-related expectations, (2) policy-related expectations, and (3) mass media-related expectations. In this study, a majority of the participants highlighted the need to consider and follow-up the patients and their families, provide financial and hygiene support during the pandemic, apply strict restrictions, and have close monitoring and controlling procedures. Furthermore, they mentioned that authorities and news agencies should observe honesty and transparency principals.Conclusions Our findings revealed that people expect the government and other responsible institutions to minimize the burden of this pandemic on them through adopting effective policies. The study findings could help policy-makers become aware of people's expectations and develop better strategies.
Comparison of the spatiotemporal characteristics of the COVID-19 and SARS outbreaks in mainland China
Authors: Zhang Xi , Rao Huaxiang , Wu Yuwan , Huang Yubei , Dai Hongji 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Both coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) are caused by coronaviruses and have infected people in China and worldwide. We aimed to investigate whether COVID-19 and SARS exhibited similar spatial and temporal features at the provincial level in mainland China.
Methods
The number of people infected by COVID-19 and SARS were extracted from daily briefings on newly confirmed cases during the epidemics, as of Mar. 4, 2020 and Aug. 3, 2003, respectively. We depicted the spatiotemporal patterns of the COVID-19 and SARS epidemics using spatial statistics such as Moran’s I and the local indicators of spatial association (LISA).
Results
Compared to SARS, COVID-19 had a higher incidence. We identified 3 clusters (predominantly located in south-central China, highest RR = 135.08) for COVID-19 and 4 clusters (mainly in Northern China, highest RR = 423.51) for SARS. Fewer secondary clusters were identified after the "Wuhan lockdown". The LISA cluster map detected a significantly high-low (Hubei) and low-high spatial clustering (Anhui, Hunan, and Jiangxi, in Central China) for COVID-19. Two significant high-high (Beijing and Tianjin) and low-high (Hebei) clusters were detected for SARS, although the global Moran’s I value was not significant.
Conclusions
The different spatiotemporal clustering patterns between COVID-19 and SARS could point to changes in social and demographic factors, local government containment strategies or differences in transmission mechanisms between these coronaviruses.
Efficacy, Tolerability, and Safety of Erenumab for the Preventive Treatment of Persistent Post-Traumatic Headache attributed to Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: An Open-Label Study.
Authors: Ashina Håkan , Iljazi Afrim , Al-Khazali Haidar , Eigenbrodt Anna Kristina , Larsen Eigil , Andersen Amalie , Hansen Kevin , Bräuner Karoline , Mørch-Jessen Thomas , Chaudhry Basit , Antic Sonja , Christensen Casper , Ashina Messoud , Amin Faisal , Schytz Henrik 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
BackgroundCalcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of post-traumatic headache (PTH), which raises the prospect for therapeutic use of monoclonal antibodies targeting CGRP or its receptor. Therefore, we decided to assess the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of erenumab for prevention of persistent PTH attributed to mild traumatic brain injury.MethodsA single-center, non-randomized, single-arm, open-label study of erenumab for adults aged 18–65 years with persistent PTH. Patients were assigned to receive 140-mg erenumab monthly by two subcutaneous 1-mL injections, given every 4 weeks for 12 weeks. The primary outcome measure was the mean change in number of monthly headache days of moderate to severe intensity from baseline (4-week pretreatment period) to week 9 through 12. Tolerability and safety endpoints were adverse events (i.e. number and type).ResultsEighty-nine of 100 patients completed the open-label trial. At baseline, the mean monthly number of headache days of moderate to severe intensity was 15.7. By week 9 through 12, the number was reduced by 2.8 days. The most common adverse events were constipation (n = 30) and injection-site reactions (n = 15). Of 100 patients who received at least one dose of erenumab, only two discontinued the treatment regimen due to adverse events.ConclusionsAmong patients with persistent PTH, erenumab resulted in a lower frequency of moderate to severe headache days in this 12-week open-label trial. In addition, erenumab was well-tolerated as discontinuations due to adverse events were low. Placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials are needed to adequately evaluate the efficacy and safety of erenumab in persistent PTH.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.Gov, NCT03974360. Registered on April 17, 2019 - Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03974360
Linc00473 potentiates cholangiocarcinoma progression by modulation of DDX5 expression via miR-506 regulation
Authors: Huang Lining , Jiang Xingming , Li Zhenglong , Li Jinglin , Lin Xuan , Hu Zengtao , Cui Yunfu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a mortal cancer with high mortality, whereas the function and mechanism of occurrence and progression of CCA are still mysterious. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) could function as important regulators in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Growing evidences have indicated that the novel lncRNA linc00473 plays an important role in cancer progression and metastasis. However, its function and molecular mechanism in CCA remain unknown.
Methods
The linc00473 expression in CCA tissues and cell lines was analyzed using qRT-PCR. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were conducted to investigate the biological functions of linc00473 both in vitro and in vivo. Insights into the underlying mechanisms of competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) were determined by bioinformatics analysis, dual-luciferase reporter assays, qRT-PCR arrays, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and rescue experiments.
Results
Linc00473 was highly expressed in CCA tissues and cell lines. Linc00473 knockdown inhibited CCA growth and metastasis. Furthermore, linc00473 acted as miR-506 sponge and regulated its target gene DDX5 expression. Rescue assays verified that linc00473 modulated the tumorigenesis of CCA by regulating miR-506.
Conclusions
The data indicated that linc00473 played an oncogenic role in CCA growth and metastasis, and could serve as a novel molecular target for treating CCA.
Risk of chronic kidney disease in patients with kidney stones—A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Chuang Tzung-Fang , Hung Hung-Chang , Li Shu-Fen , Li Mei-Wen , Hung Chin-Tun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and kidney stones are common in Taiwan; in particular, CKD has a high prevalence but low self-awareness rate. CKD-related risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, and nephrotoxic drugs are well-known and uncontested; however, kidney stones are relatively less studied and easily overlooked as a risk factor. The objective of this study was to investigate whether kidney stones are a risk factor for CKD.Methods We conducted a nationwide population-based matched cohort study to assess the risk of incident CKD in people with kidney stones. Data on incident stones formers in the year 2001—excluding those with a history of CKD—were obtained from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance database. Stone formers were matched (1:4) to control subjects according to sex, age, and index date. The total observation period of the study was 10 years, and the primary end-point was the occurrence of CKD. Student’s t-test and Chi-squared test were used to compare continuous and categorical data, respectively. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio of kidney stone patients with incident CKD relative to the control group. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to obtain the hazards ratio for development of incident CKD among patients with kidney stones.Results The incidence of CKD in the kidney stone cohort was 11.2%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < .001). Survival analysis showed that the stones cohort was 1.82 times more likely to experience CKD than the controls. Age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia increased the risk of CKD incidence (1.04, 1.27, 1.55, 3.31, and 1.25 times, respectively).Conclusion Kidney stones are a definite risk factor for CKD; therefore, patients with stones are suggested to undergo regular renal function monitoring and receive appropriate treatment to avoid CKD.
Design of Custom-made Navigational Template of Femoral Head and Pilot Research in Total Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty
Authors: LIANG Jinlong , Zhao Yonghui , Gao Xinjian , Fang Xuewei , Xu Yongqing , Lu Sheng 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background To develop a novel custom-made navigational template for accurate prosthesis implantation in total hip resurfacing arthroplasty (THRA) by computer-aided technology. Methods The template was produced based on data preoperatively acquired with computed tomography (CT) scan. The position of the drill guide was chosen as the anatomical axis of the femoral neck which was defined by the ligature between the center of the femoral head and another point on the centerline of proximal femoral neck. And the final direction of the drill guide was confirmed by a small valgus angle. The surface of the template was constructed as the inverse of the femoral neck surface. Then each template was formed from acrylate resin by using rapid prototyping (RP) technique. Finally, the template was tested in 18 cadavers scheduled for THRA and postoperative medical imaging was used to evaluate the accuracy and validity of the template. Results The template had a near-prefect fit with the femoral neck surface. There were no guide failures. Postoperative evaluation revealed that the Kirschner wires pass through the center of the femoral head, have a relative valgus angle to the central axis of the femoral neck and have no obvious varus-valgus angles or anterior/posterior inclination angles. So, the Kirschner wires achieved the expected implant requirement. Conclusion This study shows a novel way of guiding the prosthesis implantation accurately in THRA. The template is an excellent medium for preoperative planning and intraoperative technique, and embodies the development tendency of Computer Assisted Surgery.
Correlation between kinematic sagittal parameters of the cervical lordosis or head posture and disc degeneration in patients with posterior neck pain: retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Lee Hyo Jeong , Jeon Dae Geun , Park Jinyoung , Park Jung Hyun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

The aim of this study was to examine degrees of the cervical disc degeneration and the parameters of cervical sagittal balance in plain radiographs, representing cervical lordosis or head posture in subjects with posterior neck pain.
Methods

This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study that analyzed 113 patients with posterior neck pain with or without radiating pain. The kinematic sagittal parameters of cervical radiographs were obtained at the occipito-cervical (O-C2) angle, sagittal Cobb’s angles of C1-C2, C2-C7, and sagittal vertical axis (SVA) of C1-C7 and C2-C7. Cervical disc degeneration was evaluated using the sum of Pfirrmann grades and total modified Matsumoto scores calculated from magnetic resonance images (MRI) of the cervical spine. Pearson’s correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship of these parameters and a linear regression method was used to determine associations between sagittal cervical alignment and disc degeneration.
Results

A significant positive correlation was found for the C2-C7 angle using the sum of the Pfirrmann grades and total modified Matsumoto scores. The O-C2 angle was negatively correlated with the sum of the Pfirrmann grades and total modified Matsumoto scores. The C1-C2 angle was also negatively correlated with the sum of the Pfirrmann grades. No significant relationship was found between the cervical SVA and cervical disc degeneration.
Conclusions

The sagittal cervical parameters representing cervical kyphosis and jaw lifting posture, were found to be significantly correlated with the degree of cervical disc degeneration. These findings suggest that the loss of the natural sagittal lordosis of the cervical spine may contribute to the progression of disc degeneration, rather than the forward head posture.