bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plastic Deformation of Rough Metallic Surfaces
Authors: Tiwari A. , Almqvist A. , Persson B. N. J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe contact between rough metallic bodies almost always involves plastic flow in the area of real contact. We performed indentation experiments on sandblasted aluminum surfaces to explore the plastic deformation of asperities and modeled the contact mechanics using the boundary element method, combined with a simple numerical procedure to take into account the plastic flow. The theory can quantitatively describe the modification of the roughness by the plastic flow. Since the long-wavelength roughness determines the fluid leakage of metallic seals in most cases, we predict that the leakage can be estimated based on the elastoplastic contact mechanics model employed here.
Oral administration of Jumihaidokuto inhibits UVB-induced skin damage and prostaglandin E2 production in HR-1 hairless mice
Authors: Murata Kenta , Oyama Manami , Ogata Misaki , Fujita Nina , Takahashi Ryuji 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate whether and how Jumihaidokuto (JHT), a traditional Chinese medicine, prevents UVB-induced skin damage in male HR-1 hairless mice. JHT has been traditionally prescribed for patients presenting skin disorders with redness and swelling, and, in Japan, it is approved for prescription to patients with acute and/or purulent skin disorders, hives, acute eczema, and athlete’s foot. Considering the traditional use of JHT, we hypothesized that oral administration of JHT might emerge as an effective strategy to prevent UVB-induced skin damage, such as edema and erythema. Here, we pretreated mice with JHT (1000 mg/kg, p.o.) for 3 weeks and then administered a single dose of UVB irradiation (250 mJ/cm2) on the dorsal skin. UVB irradiation increased the erythema index and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and decreased the skin water content in the epidermis at 72 h post-irradiation. JHT treatment inhibited the increase of TEWL and the loss of water content in the epidermis, but not the elevation of the erythema index. Moreover, administration of JHT suppressed UVB-induced epidermal hyperplasia by blocking the proliferation of keratinocytes and also inhibited irradiation-triggered reduction of collagen fibers and infiltration of immune cells into the dermis. Lastly, administration of JHT suppressed UVB-induced production of proinflammatory mediators, such as prostaglandin E2 and interleukin-1β. These results suggest that JHT prevents UVB-induced skin damage and that the underlying mechanism involves the inhibition of proinflammatory mediators.
Designing teacher professional development programs to support a rapid shift to digital
Authors: Heap Tania , Thompson Ruthanne , Fein Adam 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFrom a design perspective, this paper offers a response to the impact, value, and application of a manuscript published by Philipsen et al. (Improving teacher professional development for online and blended learning: A systematic meta-aggregative review. Educational Technology and Research Development, 67, 1145–1174. 10.1007/s11423-019-09645-8, 2019). Philipsen et al. (2019) reviewed what constitutes an effective teacher professional development program (TPD) for online and blended learning (OBL), with our response focusing on its value and application in light of an emergency shift to digital to address a global pandemic. This paper also proceeds to examine limitations in previous research into the subject and future research opportunities to investigate important components that inform the design of a resilient and scalable TPD for OBL.
Visible verbal morphology: Morpheme constancy in Germanic and Romance verbal inflection
Authors: Fuhrhop Nanna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn different spelling systems, different grades of morpheme constancy can be found: German has a high degree of morpheme constancy (especially stem constancy, for example rennen – rennt both forms with <nn>), while English has comparatively less (running – run, only the disyllabic form with <nn>). This paper investigates the interaction between stems and verbal inflectional suffixes in terms of constancy in three Germanic languages (Dutch, English, German) and five Romance languages (French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish). Verbal inflection is always the most widespread inflection, so it is a well-defined area for getting an idea of how spelling systems may function. For the Germanic languages, this analysis will primarily focus on the alternation between monosyllabic and disyllabic forms. For the Romance languages, it will focus on the <c>/ <g>-alternations in interaction with the following vowel. The aim is to describe a scale of morphological spelling: The alternation of <c> and <ç> is not an instance of constancy, but of similarity, something between constancy and non-constancy. Morpheme constancy is no longer a binary feature. Comparing verbal inflection takes us another step towards the development of typological parameters for visible morphology.
Evaluation of Hot Workability of Powder Metallurgy Ni-Based Superalloy with Different Initial Microstructures
Authors: Higashi Masaya , Kanno Naoya 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe effect of the initial microstructure on the hot workability of a powder metallurgy Ni-based superalloy was investigated in the high-temperature range of 950 °C to 1180 °C and strain rate range of 0.001 to 1.0 s−1. Six samples with different initial microstructures were fabricated by various hot isostatic pressing (HIP) conditions and subsequent treatments such as hot extrusion. The coarse-grained samples exhibited low hot workability regardless of the deformation conditions. In contrast, the hot workability of the fine-grained samples significantly varied depending on the deformation conditions. The hot workability exhibited a peak at the sub-solvus temperature of ~ 1100 °C and decreased at temperatures higher and lower than this temperature. In addition, the hot workability decreased monotonically with increasing the strain rate. The prior particle boundaries (PPBs) acted as cavity nucleation sites and crack paths, especially at lower temperatures and higher strain rates, resulting in early fracture and low hot workability. With decreasing the grain size, the hot workability at the peak temperature improved. The extruded sample with the smallest grain size exhibited the best hot workability, owing to the avoidance of PPB fracture and the acceleration of dynamic recrystallization.
Changes in sleep schedule and chronotype due to COVID-19 restrictions and home office
Authors: Staller Naomi , Randler Christoph 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background and objective
In this study, we researched the effects of the COVID-19 restriction measures on the sleep health of N = 681 German residents (mean age: 28.63 years, SD: 10.49 years).

Methods
The data were collected with an anonymous online survey composed of validated questionnaires and additional questions to quantify changed circumstances during the pandemic. Data were collected from May 18 to June 17, 2020, while governmental restrictions were imposed in Germany. We exclusively analysed participants working in home office during this time.

Results
Participants woke up about 1 hour later during the COVID-19 restriction phase, while going to bed at almost the same time as before. During the week, participants slept about an hour longer, while sleep at weekends did not differ significantly. Social jetlag decreased from 1:39 ± 1:00 to 0:49 ± 0:42 min in our sample. The number of children in the household was a significant factor predicting sleep timing. Participants with children living in the same household slept longer and sleep onset was later.

Conclusion
In terms of sleep behaviour and, consequently, sleep health, participants benefited from the transition to home office. They were able to adapt their waking and working hours better to their biological rhythm, which reduced social jetlag.
Be aware, make it clear, and take the Lead: emotion regulation difficulties and emotional intelligence as moderators of cognitive reappraisal
Authors: Bodrogi Barbara , Bereczkei Tamas , Deak Anita 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTwo research traditions explain the way we deal with emotional situations: emotional intelligence (EI) and emotion regulation (ER). EI refers to the individual differences in the knowledge, identification, and regulation of emotions. ER describes processes in which emotions are experienced, expressed, and altered. Our study examined the EI-ER link and their moderating role on affective responses. We used self-report questionnaires and a cognitive reappraisal (CR) task, in which subjective affective responses were registered. We found that higher levels of ER difficulties correlated with lower EI. Gender had an overall impact on affective changes, indicating a more unpleasant and more arousing affective state for women compared with men. Regarding the moderating role of EI and ER difficulties, the ability to utilize emotions (Utilization) decreased the valence into a more unpleasant direction, similar to the effect of the inability to identify and differentiate emotions (Clarity). A weak control over emotions (Impulse), however, increased the valence into a more pleasant direction. The lack of attention to emotional signals (Awareness) marginally decreased the initial intensity (i.e., lower level of arousal). We demonstrated that EI and ER have distinctive routes and a different influence on the affective outcome defined by valence and arousal ratings: (1) EI has an impact through the utilization of emotions mainly on the valence dimension; and (2) individual differences in ER have a moderating effect on both valence and arousal dimensions. This study provided evidence on how individual differences contribute to a successful ER process when using a CR strategy.
Cortisol induces masculinization of XX medaka through gonadal soma-derived growth factor (GSDF) and anti-Müllerian hormone receptor type 2 (AMHR2)
Authors: Hara Seiji , Sawamura Rie , Kitano Takeshi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe medaka Oryzias latipes is a teleost fish with an XX/XY sex determination system similar to that of mammals. However, under high-temperature conditions, XX medaka are masculinized by an elevation of the key teleost glucocorticoid, cortisol. Cortisol inhibits female-type proliferation of germ cells and induces masculinization of XX medaka during gonadal sex differentiation. To identify masculinization mechanisms downstream of cortisol, we analysed the functions of gonadal soma-derived growth factor (gsdf) and anti-Müllerian hormone receptor type 2 (amhr2); these genes are known to play important roles in the inhibition of germ cell proliferation and male differentiation. We investigated the impact of gsdf and amhr2 on the proliferation of germ cells using gsdf knockout (KO) and amhr2 KO medaka. At hatching stage, loss of gsdf or amhr2 function recovered female-type proliferation in germ cells under cortisol treatment. Moreover, cortisol treatment of gsdf KO or amhr2 KO medaka did not induce masculinization of XX medaka. These results suggest that cortisol inhibits female-type proliferation of germ cells and induces masculinization of XX medaka through GSDF and AMHR2. This study thereby provides the first evidence that GSDF and AMHR2 are involved in cortisol-induced masculinization.
Determination of coefficients of friction for laminated veneer lumber on steel under high pressure loads
Authors: Dorn Michael , Habrová Karolína , Koubek Radek , Serrano Erik 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this study, static coefficients of friction for laminated veneer lumber on steel surfaces were determined experimentally. The focus was on the frictional behaviors at different pressure levels, which were studied in combination with other influencing parameters: fiber orientation, moisture content, and surface roughness. Coefficients of friction were obtained as 0.10–0.30 for a smooth steel surface and as high as 0.80 for a rough steel surface. Pressure influenced the measured coefficients of friction, and lower normal pressures yielded higher coefficients. The influence of fiber angle was observed to be moderate, although clearly detectable, thereby resulting in a higher coefficient of friction when sliding perpendicular rather than parallel to the grain. Moist specimens contained higher coefficients of friction than oven-dry specimens. The results provide realistic values for practical applications, particularly for use as input parameters of numerical simulations where the role of friction is often wrongfully considered.
Factors Predictive of Behavioural and Emotional Dysfunction in Adolescents in a Secure Children’s Home
Authors: Harris Rebecca , Stubbings Daniel R. , De Claire Karen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate what factors are predictive of behavioural and emotional dysfunction in adolescence. A sample of 60 young people accommodated under a welfare or youth custody service order in a UK secure children’s home between 2016 and 2018 was used. Data regarding young people’s Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE’s) history, scores on standard assessments and factors thought to indicate behavioural and emotional dysfunction were collected from file information. Correlations and regression models were used to analyse the data. Analyses found that young people in this setting had been exposed to more ACEs than the general population. Furthermore, signs of behavioural and emotional dysfunction as a result of exposure to ACE’s appeared to be present from early adolescence. It was found that exposure to verbal and sexual abuse were the greatest predictors of involvement in risk incidents. The young person’s substance misuse habits were the best predictor of the length of stay in the secure children’s home. These findings may have policy implications and highlight the need for early interventions with young people exposed to ACE’s.
Free-baiting: policy applications for freeness removal and the zero price effect
Authors: LOWENS ETHAN 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper explores “free-baiting” as a behavioral policy tool for reducing participation in socially undesirable activities. Empirical evidence establishes that when a good or activity ceases to be free, consumption plummets. A free-baiting policy creates conditions of freeness in order to subsequently take advantage of the discouraging effects of freeness removal. The initial free phase shifts consumers’ reference price for the target activity to zero. Subsequently, prices are returned to market levels – a staggering price increase. Behavioral factors enhance the salience of that price increase. It occurs along the steepest part of the money utility curve. It is especially salient because it is presented as a loss. In addition, it may trigger the endowment effect: forcing people to give something up in order to partake in the target activity once it is no longer free. Moreover, these discouraging effects can enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of other interventions. Free-baiting manufactures a policy window, creating a moment in which many consumers simultaneously confront obstacles to the target activity. The effects of free-baiting are illustrated using several hypothetical interventions, including rush-hour roadway tolls, sugary beverages, gasoline and tobacco.
A tEEG framework for studying designer’s cognitive and affective states
Authors: Zhao Mengting , Jia Wenjun , Yang Daocheng , Nguyen Philon , Nguyen Thanh An , Zeng Yong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes a task-related electroencephalogram research framework (tEEG framework) to guide scholars’ research on EEG-based cognitive and affective studies in the context of design. The proposed tEEG framework aims to investigate design activities with loosely controlled experiments and decompose a complex design process into multiple primitive cognitive activities, corresponding to which different research hypotheses on basic design activities can be effectively formulated and tested. Thereafter, existing EEG techniques and methods can be applied to analyse EEG signals related to design. Three application examples are presented at the end of this paper to demonstrate how the proposed framework can be applied to analyse design activities. The tEEG framework is presented to guide EEG-based cognitive and affective studies in the context of design. Existing methods and models are summarized, for the effective application of the tEEG framework, from the current literature spread in a wide spectrum of resources and fields.
Perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis in adult patients: The first multicenter clinical practice audit with intervention in Greek surgical departments
Authors: Chorafa Elisavet , Iosifidis Elias , Tsiodras Sotirios , Skoutelis Athanasios , Kourkouni Eleni , Kopsidas Ioannis , Tsopela Grammatiki-Christina , Chorianopoulou Evangelia , Triantafyllou Christos , Kourlaba Georgia , Zaoutis Theoklis , Roilides Emmanuel ,   for the Preventing Hospital-Acquired Infections in Greece (PHiG) investigators
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjective:To audit clinical practice and implement an intervention to promote appropriate use of perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis (PAP).Design:Prospective multicenter before-and-after study.Setting:This study was conducted in 7 surgical departments of 3 major Greek hospitals.Methods:Active PAP surveillance in adults undergoing elective surgical procedures was performed before and after implementation of a multimodal intervention. The surveillance monitored use of appropriate antimicrobial agent according to international and local guidelines, appropriate timing and duration of PAP, overall compliance with all 3 parameters and the occurrence of surgical site infections (SSIs). The intervention included education, audit, and feedback.Results:Overall, 1,447 patients were included: 768 before and 679 after intervention. Overall compliance increased from 28.2% to 43.9% (P = .001). Use of antimicrobial agents compliant to international guidelines increased from 89.6% to 96.3% (P = .001). In 4 of 7 departments, compliance with appropriate timing was already >90%; an increase from 44.3% to 73% (P = .001) and from 20.4% to 60% (P = .001), respectively, was achieved in 2 other departments, whereas a decrease from 64.1% to 10.9% (P = .001) was observed in 1 department. All but one department achieved a shorter PAP duration, and most achieved duration of ~2 days. SSIs significantly decreased from 6.9% to 4% (P = .026). After the intervention, it was 2.3 times more likely for appropriate antimicrobial use, 14.7 times more likely to administer an antimicrobial for the appropriate duration and 5.3 times more likely to administer an overall appropriate PAP.Conclusion:An intervention based on education, audit, and feedback can significantly contribute to improvement of appropriate PAP administration; further improvement in duration is needed.
Parties on the Left, Parties on the Right: Electoral Competition and Citizenship Policy Change in Europe
Authors: Graeber John 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn recent decades, citizenship policies in Europe have changed significantly: some governments have introduced restrictive new requirements for citizenship, while others have made citizenship more accessible. What explains this variation? Despite a burgeoning literature on both comparative citizenship and spatial competition among parties, scholarship on this question remains in its infancy and primarily focused on the influence of the far right. Expanding on this growing research, this article argues that citizenship policy change results from electoral competition on both sides of the political spectrum, in conjunction with governments’ ideological orientation. Using new data on citizenship policies across sixteen European countries from 1975 to 2014, the author demonstrates that left-of-center governments facing increasing levels of left party competition are associated with more accessible policy changes, while increasing levels of party competition from the far right yield more restrictive policy changes under not only right-of-center governments, but also centrist and left-of-center governments as well.
Is borderline personality disorder really an emotion dysregulation disorder and, if so, how? A comprehensive experimental paradigm
Authors: Fitzpatrick Skye , Varma Sonya , Kuo Janice R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundLeading theories suggest that borderline personality disorder (BPD) is an emotion dysregulation disorder involving lower basal vagal tone, higher baseline emotion, heightened emotional reactivity, delayed emotional recovery, and emotion regulation deficits. However, the literature to date lacks a unifying paradigm that tests all of the main emotion dysregulation components and comprehensively examines whether BPD is an emotion dysregulation disorder and, if so, in what ways. This study addresses the empirical gaps with a unified paradigm that assessed whether BPD is characterized by five leading emotion dysregulation components compared to generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and healthy control (HC) groups.MethodsEmotion was assessed across self-report, sympathetic, and parasympathetic indices. Participants with BPD, GAD, and HCs (N= 120) first underwent baseline periods assessingbasal vagal toneandbaseline emotional intensity, followed by rejection-themed stressors assessingemotional reactivity. Participants then either reacted normally to assessemotional recoveryor attempted to decrease emotion using mindfulness or distraction to assessemotion regulation implementation deficits.ResultsIndividuals with BPD and GAD exhibited higher self-reported and sympathetic baseline emotion compared to HCs. The BPD group also exhibited self-reported emotion regulation deficits using distraction only compared to the GAD group.ConclusionsThere is minimal support for several emotion dysregulation components in BPD, and some components that are present appear to be pervasive across high emotion dysregulation groups rather than specific to BPD. However, BPD may be characterized by problems disengaging from emotion using distraction.