bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐Temperature Charging and Aging Mechanisms of Si/C Composite Anodes in Li‐Ion Batteries: An Operando Neutron Scattering Study
Authors: Richter Karsten , Waldmann Thomas , Paul Neelima , Jobst Nicola , Scurtu Rares‐George , Hofmann Michael , Gilles Ralph , Wohlfahrt‐Mehrens Margret 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe addition of Si compounds to graphite anodes has become an attractive way of increasing the practical specific energies in Li‐ion cells. Previous studies involving Si/C anodes lacked direct insight into the processes occurring in full cells during low‐temperature operation. In this study, a powerful combination of operando neutron diffraction, electrochemical tests, and post‐mortem analysis is used for the investigation of Li‐ion cells. 18650‐type cylindrical cells in two different aging states are investigated by operando neutron diffraction. The experiments reveal deep insights and important trends in low‐temperature charging mechanisms involving intercalation, alloying, Li metal deposition, and relaxation processes as a function of charging C‐rates and temperatures. Additionally, the main aging mechanism caused by long‐term cycling and interesting synergistic effects of Si and graphite are elucidated.
The clock is ticking: the impact of ageing on T cell metabolism
Authors: Quinn Kylie M , Palchaudhuri Riya , Palmer Clovis S , La Gruta Nicole L 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIt is now clear that access to specific metabolic programmes controls the survival and function of various immune cell populations, including T cells. Efficient naïve and memory T cell homoeostasis requires the use of specific metabolic pathways and differentiation requires rapid and dramatic metabolic remodelling. While we are beginning to appreciate the crucial role of metabolic programming during normal T cell physiology, many of the potential impacts of ageing on metabolic homoeostasis and remodelling in T cells remain unexplored. This review will outline our current understanding of T cell metabolism and explore age‐related metabolic changes that are postulated or have been demonstrated to impact T cell function.
Live and Let Dye: Visualizing the Cellular Compartments of the Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Linzke Marleen , Yan Sun Liu Rei , Tárnok Attila , Ulrich Henning , Groves Matthew R. , Wrenger Carsten 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMalaria remains one of the deadliest diseases worldwide and it is caused by the protozoan parasite Plasmodium spp. Parasite visualization is an important tool for the correct detection of malarial cases but also to understand its biology. Advances in visualization techniques promote new insights into the complex life cycle and biology of Plasmodium parasites. Live cell imaging by fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry are the foundation of the visualization technique for malaria research. In this review, we present an overview of possibilities in live cell imaging of the malaria parasite. We discuss some of the state‐of‐the‐art techniques to visualize organelles and processes of the parasite and discuss limitation and advantages of each technique. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
A genetic algorithm‐based flow update scheduler for software‐defined networks
Authors: Abbasi Mohammad Reza , Guleria Ajay , Devi Mandalika Syamala 
Published: November 2019

SummarySoftware‐defined networking (SDN) facilitates network programmability through a central controller. It dynamically modifies the network configuration to adapt to the changes in the network. In SDN, the controller updates the network configuration through flow updates, ie, installing the flow rules in network devices. However, during the network update, improper scheduling of flow updates can lead to a number of problems including overflowing of the switch flow table memory and the link bandwidth. Another challenge is minimizing the network update completion time during large‐network updates triggered by events such as traffic engineering path updates. The existing centralized approaches do not search the solution space for flow update schedules with optimal completion time. We proposed a hybrid genetic algorithm‐based flow update scheduling method (the GA‐Flow Scheduler). By searching the solution space, the GA‐Flow Scheduler attempts to minimize the completion time of the network update without overflowing the flow table memory of the switches and the link bandwidth. It can be used in combination with other existing flow scheduling methods to improve the network performance and reduce the flow update completion time. In this paper, the GA‐Flow Scheduler is combined with a stand‐alone method called the three‐step method. Through large‐scale experiments, we show that the proposed hybrid approach could reduce the network update time and packet loss. It is concluded that the proposed GA‐Flow Scheduler provides improved performance over the stand‐alone three‐step method. Also, it handles the above‐mentioned network update problems in SDN.
A provably secure biometrics and ECC‐based authentication and key agreement scheme for WSNs
Authors: Kumari Saru , Renuka Km. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryWireless sensor networks (WSNs) underpin many applications of the Internet of Things (IoT), ranging from smart cities to unmanned surveillance and others. Efficient user authentication in WSNs, particularly in settings with diverse IoT device configurations and specifications (eg, resource‐constrained IoT devices) and difficult physical conditions (eg, physical disaster area and adversarial environment such as battlefields), remains challenging, both in research and in practice. Here, we put forth a user anonymous authentication scheme, relying on both biometrics and elliptic curve cryptography, to establish desired security features like forward and backward secrecy. We then make use of the Random‐or‐Real (RoR) model to prove the security of our scheme. We have implemented the proposed scheme in an environment compatible with WSNs. We show after conducting the comparison of the proposed scheme with some recent and related existent schemes that it satisfies various essential and desirable security attributes of a WSN environment. We conclude that the proposed scheme is suitable for the WSN scenario demanding high security.
FGF2/EGF contributes to brain neuroepithelial precursor proliferation and neurogenesis in rat embryos: the involvement of embryonic cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Lamus F. , Martín C. , Carnicero E. , Moro J.A. , Fernández J.M.F. , Mano A. , Gato Á. , Alonso M.I. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundAt the earliest stages of brain development, the neuroepithelium works as an interdependent functional entity together with cerebrospinal fluid, which plays a key regulatory role in neuroepithelial cell survival, replication and neurogenesis; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown in mammals.ResultsWe show the presence of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and epidermal growth factor (EGF), in 13.5‐day rat embryo cerebrospinal fluid (eCSF). Immunohistochemical detection of FGF2 expression localized this factor inside neuroepithelial precursors close to the neuroepithelial‐CSF interface, suggesting that FGF2 from eCSF could originate in the neuroepithelium by apical secretion. The colocalization of FGFR1 and FGF2 in some neuroepithelial cells close to the ventricular surface suggests they are target cells for eCSF FGF2. Brain neuroepithelium EGF expression was negative. By using a neuroepithelial organotypic culture, we demonstrate that FGF2 and EGF from eCSF plays a specific role in triggering the self‐renewal and are involved in neurogenetic induction of mesencephalic neuroepithelial precursor cells during rat development.ConclusionsWe propose eCSF as an intercommunication medium for neuroepithelial precursor behavior control during early rat brain development, and the neuroepithelial regulation of FGF2 and EGF presence in eCSF, as a regulative mechanism controlling precursor proliferation and neurogenesis.
Seminal fluid‐mediated fitness effects in the simultaneously hermaphroditic flatwormMacrostomum lignano
Authors: Weber Michael , Giannakara Athina , Ramm Steven A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAs a class, seminal fluid proteins are expected to exert strong effects on mating partners due to the selection pressures of sperm competition and sexual conflict. But because of the complexity of this secretion, linking specific proteins to downstream effects on own fitness—via manipulating the reproductive behavior, physiology, and ultimately the sperm utilization of mating partners—is not straightforward. Here, we adopted a systematic gene knockdown approach to screen for seminal fluid‐mediated fitness effects in the simultaneously hermaphroditic flatwormMacrostomum lignano. We focused on 18 transcripts inM. lignanoseminal fluid, testing how their RNA interference‐induced knockdown impacted on three aspects of donor (male) reproductive success: (a) fertility (offspring production of the partner); (b) defensive sperm competitive ability,P1; and (c) offensive sperm competitive ability,P2. In general, the knockdown of most individual transcripts appeared to have only a minor impact on male reproductive success, though we found evidence that the knockdown of up to five different transcripts impacted on fertility; the knockdown of two other transcripts resulted in reducedP2; and knockdown of a further transcript actually increasedP2. We thus identify a number of candidate seminal fluid transcripts that appear to modulate offspring production and sperm competitiveness inM. lignano. That only a minority of transcripts exhibit such a pattern likely reflects both the difficulty of accurately estimating sperm competitiveness and the functional redundancy of seminal fluid.
Effects of filtration methods and water volume on the quantification of brown trout (Salmo trutta) and Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) eDNA concentrations via droplet digital PCR
Authors: Capo Eric , Spong Göran , Königsson Helena , Byström Pär 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe quantification of the abundance of aquatic organisms via the use of environmental DNA (eDNA) molecules present in water is potentially a useful tool for efficient and noninvasive population monitoring. However, questions remain about the reliability of molecular methods. Among the factors that can hamper the reliability of the eDNA quantification, we investigated the influence of five filtration methods (filter pore size, filter type) and filtered water volume (1 and 2 L) on the total eDNA and the fish eDNA concentrations of two species, brown trout (Salmo trutta) and Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) from tanks with known number of individuals and biomass. We applied a droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) approach to DNA extracted from water samples collected from two cultivation tanks (each of them containing one of the targeted species). Results showed that the quantification of fish eDNA concentrations of both species varies with filtration methods. More specifically, the 0.45‐µm Sterivex enclosed filters were identified to recover the highest eDNA concentrations. Difficulties to filter 2 L water samples were present for small pore size filters (≤0.45 µm) and likely caused by filter clogging. To overcome issues related to filter clogging, common in studies aiming to quantify fish eDNA molecules from water samples, we recommend a procedure involving filtration of multiple 1 L water samples with 0.45‐µm enclosed filters, to recover both high quality and high concentrations of eDNA from targeted species, and subsequent processing of independent DNA extracts with the ddPCR method.
Reconstruction of Grenfell Tower fire. Part 3—Numerical simulation of the Grenfell Tower disaster: Contribution to the understanding of the fire propagation and behaviour during the vertical fire spread
Authors: Guillaume Eric , Dréan Virginie , Girardin Bertrand , Benameur Faiz , Koohkan Maxime , Fateh Talal 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe dramatic event of the Grenfell Tower (June 2017), involving a combustible façade system, has raised concerns regarding the fire risk that these systems address. Indeed, as façades are complex systems, it is not straightforward to assess which part of the system is involved in the global fire behaviour. Understanding such façade fires is thus very complex as it depends on a combination of various products and system characteristics, including window frames or air gap or cavity barriers. Fire development inside the initial apartment was investigated using an appropriate CFD model with different scenarios for the fire source and ventilation conditions in a previous study. Fire propagation through the window to the external façade and to higher apartments was modelled and validated against visual observations. This paper describes CFD modelling of the complete Grenfell tower facade, and investigates vertical fire spread behaviour over the full height façade from the initial apartment. Contributions from the combustion of all the apartments' furniture, depending on window failure, and architectural details of the refurbished façade are considered in the numerical model. The modelling results are validated by comparison with photographic and video observations of the real fire.
Long‐term dementia risk prediction by the LIBRA score: A 30‐year follow‐up of the CAIDE study
Authors: Deckers Kay , Barbera Mariagnese , Köhler Sebastian , Ngandu Tiia , van Boxtel Martin , Rusanen Minna , Laatikainen Tiina , Verhey Frans , Soininen Hilkka , Kivipelto Miia , Solomon Alina 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveAs no causal treatment for dementia is available yet, the focus of dementia research is slowly shifting towards prevention strategies. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the predictive accuracy of the “LIfestyle for BRAin Health” (LIBRA) score, a weighted compound score of 12 modifiable risk and protective factors, for dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in midlife and late‐life, and in individuals with high or low genetic risk based on presence of the apolipoprotein (APOE) ε4 allele.MethodsThe LIBRA score was calculated for participants from the Finnish Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia (CAIDE) population‐based study examined in midlife (n = 1024) and twice in late‐life (n = 604) up to 30 years later. Diagnoses of MCI and dementia were made according to established criteria. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between LIBRA and risk of dementia and MCI in models adjusted for sex and education (age as timescale).ResultsHigher midlife LIBRA scores were related to higher risk of dementia (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13‐1.43) and MCI (unadjusted model: HR = 1.12; 95% CI, 1.03‐1.22) up to 30 years later. Higher late‐life LIBRA scores were related to higher risk of MCI (HR = 1.11; 95% CI, 1.00‐1.25), but not dementia (HR = 1.02; 95% CI, 0.84‐1.24). Higher late‐life LIBRA scores were related to higher dementia risk among apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 non‐carriers.ConclusionsFindings emphasize the importance of modifiable risk and protective factors for dementia prevention.
Integrating machining learning and multimodal neuroimaging to detect schizophrenia at the level of the individual
Authors: Lei Du , Pinaya Walter H. L. , Young Jonathan , van Amelsvoort Therese , Marcelis Machteld , Donohoe Gary , Mothersill David O. , Corvin Aiden , Vieira Sandra , Huang Xiaoqi , Lui Su , Scarpazza Cristina , Arango Celso , Bullmore Ed , Gong Qiyong , McGuire Philip , Mechelli Andrea 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSchizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder associated with both structural and functional brain abnormalities. In the past few years, there has been growing interest in the application of machine learning techniques to neuroimaging data for the diagnostic and prognostic assessment of this disorder. However, the vast majority of studies published so far have used either structural or functional neuroimaging data, without accounting for the multimodal nature of the disorder. Structural MRI and resting‐state functional MRI data were acquired from a total of 295 patients with schizophrenia and 452 healthy controls at five research centers. We extracted features from the data including gray matter volume, white matter volume, amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation, regional homogeneity and two connectome‐wide based metrics: structural covariance matrices and functional connectivity matrices. A support vector machine classifier was trained on each dataset separately to distinguish the subjects at individual level using each of the single feature as well as their combination, and 10‐fold cross‐validation was used to assess the performance of the model. Functional data allow higher accuracy of classification than structural data (mean 82.75% vs. 75.84%). Within each modality, the combination of images and matrices improves performance, resulting in mean accuracies of 81.63% for structural data and 87.59% for functional data. The use of all combined structural and functional measures allows the highest accuracy of classification (90.83%). We conclude that combining multimodal measures within a single model is a promising direction for developing biologically informed diagnostic tools in schizophrenia.
Heterogeneous oxygenation of wetland soils with increasing inundation: Redox potential, water depth, and preferential flow paths
Authors: Lahiri Chayan , Davidson Gregg R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSaturated wetland soils are typically depleted in oxygen due to rapid consumption by biological processes. Fine‐grained sediments limit the vertical flux of oxygenated surface water. In forested wetlands potential exists for advective transport along preferential flow pathways created by decomposing roots or tree remains, resulting in isolated zones of oxygenated pore water. This potential is enhanced in wetlands that are perched above the regional water table, where increases in surface‐water depth create significant downward hydraulic gradients. Along the Mississippi River floodplain, many wetlands are now perched as a result of groundwater mining. This study was conducted at Sky Lake, MS, through a growing season, with high temporal‐resolution monitoring of redox potential as a proxy for the delivery of oxygenated surface water at 30 and 60 cm depths at six locations. Results showed reducing conditions at all locations under moderate inundation, but redox potential rose significantly at a subset of locations when surface‐water exceeded one meter in depth. Rising redox potential is argued to represent localised advective transport of oxygen in excess of the rate of biological consumption. Wetland plants growing in perennially saturated soils may benefit from periodic increases in water depth and subsequent increase in the flux of oxygen along preferential flow paths.
Connecting the dots: Market reactions to forecasts of policy rates and forward guidance provided by the Fed
Authors: Bongard Michelle , Galati Gabriele , Moessner Richhild , Nelson William 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper compares market reactions to forecasts of the policy rate path by the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) participants with those to forward guidance from the FOMC post‐meeting statements. The forecasts are those by FOMC participants in the quarterly Summary of Economic Projections (SEP; the “dots”). We conduct the analysis during the period when the FOMC's policy rate was at the zero lower bound. We find that market expectations of the time to lift‐off from the zero lower bound are significantly affected in the expected direction by surprises in SEP dots and in forward guidance. We also find a significant impact of macroeconomic news on market participants' expectations of time to lift‐off. These results are consistent with forward guidance about policy rates and SEP forecasts each contributing to the public's understanding of future Federal Reserve monetary policy and with the conditionality of both forms of communication about future policy rates being understood. We also present evidence that market expectations concerning the time to lift‐off are influenced by the maximum time to lift‐off implied by forward guidance, the SEP, and the economic outlook. An appendix provides the FOMC's forward guidance after each meeting from January 2012 to September 2015 and our interpretation of the implied days to lift‐off.
Strontium substituted biomimetic calcium phosphate system derived from cuttlefish bone
Authors: Ressler Antonia , Cvetnić Matija , Antunović Maja , Marijanović Inga , Ivanković Marica , Ivanković Hrvoje 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBiomimetic triphasic strontium‐substituted calcium phosphate (CaP) powders were prepared by wet precipitation method at 50°C, using CaCO3, (NH2)2COH3PO4, and Sr(NO3)2 as reagents. Calcite was prepared from biogenic source (cuttlefish bone). The synthesized powders have been characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X‐ray diffraction, Rietveld refinement studies and cell viability test. Phase transformation and ion release were analyzed during 7 days of incubation in simulated body fluid at 37°C. The raw precipitated powders were composed of calcium deficient carbonated hydroxyapatite (HA), octacalcium phosphate (OCP), and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP). After heat treatment at 1200°C β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) was detected. Strontium substitution for calcium results in an increase of lattice parameters in HA, OCP, and β‐TCP. Sr2+ occupy the Ca(1) site in HA, Ca(3,4,7,8) sites in OCP and Ca(1,2,3,4) sites in β‐TCP. Along with Sr2+ substitution, presence of Mg2+ and Na+ ions was detected as a result of using biogenic calcium carbonate. The culture of human embryonic kidney cells indicated noncytotoxicity of the prepared CaP powders with emphasis on the cell proliferation during 3 days of culture.
LINC00665 induces gastric cancer progression through activating Wnt signaling pathway
Authors: Yang Bo , Bai Qingqing , Chen Huidong , Su Kun , Gao Chao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are recently recognized as noteworthy regulators of different tumors, counting gastric cancer (GC). Lately, long intergenic noncoding RNA (LINC) 00665 has been verified to display significant parts in several cancers. Be that as it may, its role and mechanism in GC movement still stay uninvestigated. As of now, we observed LINC00665 was obviously GC cells (MKN28, BGC‐823, SGC7‐901, AGS, HGC‐27) in comparison to GES‐1 cells, which was identified as human normal gastric epithelial cells. Then, LINC00665 was obviously downregulated in GC cells including AGS and BGC‐823 cells. Loss of LINC00665 greatly repressed AGS and BGC‐823 cell survival and cell expansion. Moreover, GC cell apoptosis was significantly induced by the loss of LINC00665. For another, we found that the GC cell cycle was also captured in G1 and G2 phases. The experiments on cell migration and invasion indicated that knockdown of LINC00665 restrained GC cell migration and invasion. Modifications in Wnt signaling are closely associated with the development of cancers. Here, we found that Wnt signaling was significantly inactivated by the silence of LINC00665 in GC cells. β‐catenin and cyclinD1 were restrained whereas GSK‐3β was induced by the inhibition of LINC00665 in GC cells. Furthermore, we confirmed the impact of LINC00665 in vivo using xenograft models. Taken these together, we indicated that LINC00665 could function as a novel biomarker in GC progression.