bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To cope with drought: two forage grass species – Festuca arundinacea and F. glaucescens can activate similar survival strategies although they differ with molecular response
Authors: Lechowicz Katarzyna , Pawlowicz Izabela , Perlikowski Dawid , Arasimowicz-Jelonek Magdalena , Majka Joanna , Augustyniak Adam , Kosmala Arkadiusz 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Photosynthesis is among the primary processes affected by drought and its disturbances result with the reduction of growth, reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, and alterations in antioxidant system activity. Our study was performed on two closely related forage grasses: Festuca arundinacea and F. glaucescens. Two genotypes within each species significantly differing with the potential of drought resistance: high drought resistant (HDR) and low drought resistant (LDR), were used. The research involved: (i) the analysis of gene expression at transcript and protein levels for the selected enzymes of Calvin cycle (fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (pFBA), phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)) and (ii) the activity of pFBA, as a protein marker of the Calvin cycle, (iii) the analysis of gene expression at protein level for the selected antioxidant enzymes (glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), L-ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)), (iv) the measurements of physiological parameters describing a plant’s physiological status under control, drought and re-watering conditions (relative water content (RWC), electrolyte leakage (EL), lipid peroxidation, chlorophyll fluorescence, gas exchange, and ROS level).Results: Our analysis clearly showed that physiological reactions to water deficit were similar in both HDR and both LDR genotypes of Festuca arundinacea and F. glaucescens but the species revealed significant differences in the potential to tolerate tissue dehydration, what was correlated with distinct expression of the Calvin cycle enzymes under drought stress.Conclusions: The maintenance of stable efficiency of dark phase of photosynthesis seems to be crucial for drought tolerance and recovery in F. glaucescnes, whereas acquisition of drought tolerance in F. arundinacea and F. glaucescens does not involve marked changes at the protein level in the enzymatic antioxidant system.
A qualitative exploration of the experience and quality of life of patients, and their family carers, admitted to a specialist eye hospital with microbial keratitis
Authors: Tranter Shelley Anne , Careras-Aguas Maria , Riddell Mandy , McCulloch Joanna , Riley Therese , Watson Stephanie , Perry Lin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Microbial keratitis is a vision-threatening condition requiring intensive treatment. Understanding patients’ and carers’ experience during and after hospitalisation can inform improvements in care and outcomes. This study explored the vision-related quality of life, and the experiences of patients with microbial keratitis and their family carers when admitted to a quaternary referral eye hospital in Australia Methods The study employed mixed methods, including qualitative interviews and a survey in hospital and a telephone interview post-discharge. A convenience sample was recruited of 33 patients with microbial keratitis who presented to hospital between March and October 2017, and 10 of their family carers. Semi-structured interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, coded and analysed using thematic analysis. Patient participants completed the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire – 25 (NEIVFQ-25). Results Qualitative analyses identified two main themes: Saving sight, with subthemes of costs of saving sight, and travel and transportation; Safe-guarding home and normal life with subthemes of family, work and pastimes. A group mean NEIVFQ-25 score of 74 was similar to other ophthalmic disease groups but pain scores were higher. Conclusion Findings provide insights into the experiences and often unspoken concerns of microbial keratitis patients and their family carers, revealing the priority and the associated costs of saving sight, and the implications for family and lifestyles. These patients reported similarly reduced vision-related quality of life but greater pain compared to other ophthalmic groups. Findings point to ways to improve their experience and potentially reduce the high rates of unplanned representations of this patient group.
Mixed Cropping of Different Hybrids of Maize Optimizes Canopy Structure and Promotes Higher Grain Yield
Authors: Hu Dandan , Li Rongfa , Zhang Jiwang , Zhao Bin , Liu Peng , Dong Shuting 
Published: December 2019

Under high‐density planting, mixed cropping planting pattern can potentially optimize maize (Zea mays L.) canopy architecture and ultimately improve grain yield. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of three plant patterns combined with three plant population densities (67,500, 82,500, and 97,500 plants·ha−1) on canopy architecture and grain yield. Zhengdan 958 (ZD958) and Denghai 605 (DH605) were used as experimental materials. Three different planting patterns were: mixture (M), random sowing after mixing seeds of the two hybrids in the same proportion; 1:1, one row of ZD958 and one row of DH605; and two monoculture systems, SZD958 and SDH605, as controls. A 3‐yr study demonstrated that the mixed cropping treatments (M and 1:1) at low density (LD) showed no significant difference on light transmission, leaf area index (LAI), canopy apparent photosynthesis (CAP), and canopy respiration (CR), compared with the two monocultures. However, at a medium and high density (MD and HD), mixed cropping was characterized with higher light transmission to the ear and lower layers of the canopy during grain filling than that of monoculture treatments, while no significant differences between M and 1:1 treatments. Moreover, mixed cropping treatments maintained a higher LAI, CAP, lower CR, and increased the whole and post‐silking dry matter accumulation. Grain yields were higher under mixed cropping at MD and high density (HD), while no significant differences between M and 1:1 treatments. Relative to SZD958 and SDH605, the grain yields in the M treatment were 10% and 8% higher at MD, and 7% and 5% higher at HD, respectively. Mixed cropping optimized the canopy structure, maintained higher LAI and CAP during the grain filling period, reduced respiration, and increased aboveground dry matter at maturity. These improvements also result in higher grain yield.Core Ideas

Mixed cropping facilitated the formation of a high‐efficiency canopy structure.
Mixed cropping delayed the rate of leaf senescence, maintained higher LAI and CAP during the grain filling period.
Mixed cropping increased aboveground dry matter weight at physiological maturity, and ultimately led to higher grain yield, especially medium density.
Polyacrylic Acid Modified Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Characterization as a Peroxidase Mimic for Non-Enzymatic H2O2 Sensor
Authors: Rattu Gurdeep , Khansili Nishtha , Krishna Prayaga M. 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) are efficient free-radical scavengers
due to their dual valence state and thus exhibit optical and catalytic properties. Therefore, the main
purpose of this work was to understand the peroxidase mimic activity of polymer-stabilized
nanoceria for enzyme-less H2O2 sensing by fluorescence spectrometer.

Objective:
This research revealed the development of fluorescence hydrogen peroxide nanosensor
based on the peroxidase-like activity of polyacrylic acid stabilized nanoceria (PAA-CeO2 Nps).

Methods:
PAA-CeO2 Nps were synthesized by simple cross-linking reaction at a low temperature
and characterized by XRD, SEM, Zeta potential, TGA, FT-IR and UV-VIS spectroscopic analysis.
H2O2 sensing was performed by a fluorescence spectrometer.

Results::
The synthesized polymer nanocomposite was characterized by XRD, SEM, TGA, FT-IR
and UV-VIS spectroscopic analysis. The XRD diffraction patterns confirmed the polycrystalline
nature and SEM micrograph showed nanoparticles having hexagonal symmetry and crystallite size of
32 nm. The broad peak of Ce–O bond appeared at 508 cm-1. UV-VIS measurements revealed a welldefined
absorbance peak around 315 nm and an optical band-gap of 3.17 eV. As synthesized PAACeO2
Nps effectively catalysed the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into hydroxyl radicals.
Then terephthalic acid was oxidized by hydroxyl radical to form a highly fluorescent product.
Under optimized conditions, the linear range for determination of hydrogen peroxide was 0.01 - 0.2
mM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.2 μM.

Conclusion:
The proposed method is ideally suited for the sensing of H2O2 at a low cost and this
detection system enabled the sensing of analytes (sugars), which can enzymatically generate hydrogen
peroxide.
Spectral Investigations, Molecular Interactions and Electrochemical Studies of (2R)-(-)2-(2,6-dimethylphenylaminocarbonyl)-1-methyl Piperidinium Chloride
Authors: Anban J. Deva , Kumar J. Sharmi , James C. , Pradhan Sayantan 
Published: December 2019

Background:Local anesthetics are widely used to decrease sensitivity to pain in specific regions of the body while performing medical tasks. Many studies have probed the mechanism of action of local anesthetics but still many questions remain. (2R - (-) 2 - (2, 6-dimethylphenylaminocarbonyl) - 1 – methyl piperidinium chloride (DAMP), is an extensively used amide-type local anesthetic.Objective:This study aims at revealing the various electrophysical and chemical properties of the title compound. This study will be useful for future research by pharmacologists.Method:Density Functional Theory (DFT) computations were executed using Gaussian’09 program package and were optimized with the B3LYP /6-311+G (d, p) basis set. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis was carried out with version 3.1. Normal Coordinate Analysis (NCA) was used to systematically calculate the harmonic vibrational wavenumbers. Molecular docking simulations were carried out to understand the pharmacokinetic behavior of the drug.Results:The presence of strong N-H…Cl intra molecular hydrogen bonding was evidently revealed from the FT-IR spectrum due to the shifting of NH stretching wavenumber. Stability of the molecule arising from hyper conjugative interactions exhibits the bioactivity of the molecule by natural bond orbital analysis. The title molecule binds to the inner pore and blocks voltage - gated sodium channels in peripheral neurons.Conclusion:A detailed molecular picture of DAMP and its interactions were obtained by modeling analysis, IR, Raman, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The geometrical parameters agree well with the XRD data. NBO analysis indicates the bioactivity of the molecule. The HOMO-LUMO energy gap indicates the possibility of intramolecular charge transfer of the molecule. From the ligand docking studies it is concluded that the title molecule binds to the inner pore and blocks voltage - gated sodium channels in peripheral neurons.
Nickel and Oxidative Stress: Cell Signaling Mechanisms and Protective Role of Vitamin C
Authors: Das Swastika , Reddy Rachamalla C. , Chadchan Kailash S. , Patil Arun J. , Biradar Mallanagouda S. , Das Kusal K. 
Published: December 2019

Background:Nickel activates the signaling pathways through the oxygen sensing mechanism and the signaling cascades that control hypoxia-inducible transcriptional gene expressions through oxidative stress. This review emphasizes on the recent updates of nickel toxicities on oxidant and antioxidant balance, molecular interaction of nickel and its signal transduction through low oxygen microenvironment in the in-vivo physiological system.Discussion:ickel alters intracellular chemical microenvironment by increasing ionized calcium concentration, lipid peroxidation, cyclooxygenase, constitutive nitric oxide synthase, leukotriene B4, prostaglandin E2, interleukins, tumor necrosis factor-α, caspases, complement activation, heat shock protein 70 kDa and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. The oxidative stress induced by nickel is responsible for the progression of metastasis. It has been observed that nickel exposure induces the generation of reactive oxygen species which leads to the increased expression of p53, NF-kβ, AP-1, and MAPK. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) prevents lipid peroxidation, oxidation of low-density lipoproteins and advanced oxidation protein products. The mechanism involves that vitamin C is capable of reducing ferric iron to ferrous iron in the duodenum, thus the availability of divalent ferrous ion increases which competes with nickel (a divalent cation itself) and reduces its intestinal absorption and nickel toxicities.Conclusion:Reports suggested the capability of ascorbic acid as a regulatory factor to influence gene expression, apoptosis and other cellular functions of the living system exposed to heavy metals, including nickel.
Assessment of Hepatic Steatosis in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Using Fibroscan and its Relation to Insulin Resistance
Authors: Gameaa Reham M. , Hawash Nehad , Badawi Rehab , Abd-Elsalam Sherief , Kasem Gamal K. , Wasfy El-Sayed A. 
Published: December 2019

Background & Aim:
Simple hepatic steatosis is a benign condition, but it may cause serious liver damage as it may lead to steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis. The Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP) of fibroscan assesses hepatic steatosis. The aim of this work was to assess hepatic steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection using FibroScan and to detect its relation to insulin resistance.

Methods:
Seventy-seven patients with chronic HBV were enrolled in this study. Body mass index, complete lipid profile, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, pelviabdominal ultrasound and fibroscan were assessed in all patients.

Results:
According to the presence of significant steatosis, seventy-seven patients enrolled in this study were divided into different groups, such as group I 47 patients (61.04%) with CHB virus infection with non-significant steatosis and group II 30 patients (38.96%) with CHB infection with significant steatosis. There was a statistically significant increase in fasting insulin and HOMA-IR in group II (p-value <0.001). CAP results ranged from 100-396 db/m with no significant difference in liver stiffness measurements in two studied groups (P value= 0.886). There was a significant positive correlation between the degree of hepatic steatosis measured by fibroscan and fasting insulin blood level, HOMA-IR, serum cholesterol and LDL. At cutoff > 222 db/m steatosis measured by fibroscan had a sensitivity of 63.33% and specificity of 82.35% for the detection of insulin resistance.

Conclusion:
In CHB infected patients, steatosis measurement by fibroscan was a strong predictor of Insulin Resistance (IR) and vice versa.
MODIFIKASI PERMAINAN SEPAKBOLA BAGI SISWA SMA PENDERITA ASMA
Authors: Wibowo Antonius Tri , Kushartanti B.M. Wara 
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan modifikasi permainan sepakbola bagi siswa SMA penderita asma. Modifikasi permainan sepakbola diharapkan dapat digunakan oleh guru olahraga dalam pembelajaran di sekolah-sekolah yang memiliki siswa berpenyakit asma dan menjadi alternatif bagi siswa SMA yang menderita penyakit asma yang tertarik untuk bermain sepakbola. Penelitian pengembangan ini dilakukan dengan mengadaptasi langkah-langkah penelitian pengembangan menurut Borg & Gall (1983, p.775) sebagai berikut: (1) pengumpulan informasi di lapangan, (2) melakukan analisis terhadap informasi yang telah dikumpulkan, (3) mengembangkan produk awal (draf awal), (4) validasi ahli dan revisi, (5) uji coba lapangan skala kecil dan revisi, (6) uji coba lapangan skala besar dan revisi dan (7) pembuatan produk final. Uji coba skala kecil dilakukan terhadap siswa SMA Kolese De Britto kelas X dan kelas XI yang menderita sakit asma sebanyak 13 siswa. Uji coba skala besar dilakukan di tempat yang sama dengan jumlah siswa 13 siswa yang berbeda pada saat skala kecil yang menderita asma. Hasil penelitian yaitu berupa modifikasi permainan sepakbola bagi siswa SMA penderita asma dengan perubahan ukuran lapangan, jumlah gawang disertai bentuk gawang, ukuran bola, jumlah pemain dan aturan bermain. Dari hasil penilaian para ahli, dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa modifikasi permainan sepakbola bagi siswa SMA penderita asma sangat baik dan efektif sebagai sarana alternatif olahraga bagi penderita asma yang ingin bermain sepakbola dan sebagai terapi asma. MODIFICATION OF SOCCER GAME FOR SENIOR-HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS ASTHMA SUFFERERSAbstractThe main aims of this study are to create a modified soccer games for Atsmatic highschool students. The modified game hopefully can be an alternative way for sport teacher to teach soccer for Asthmatic students and make the student interested in playing it. This study was research and development type by adapting Borg & Gall’s (1983: 775) procedur of R&D research as follows: (1) data collection, (2) data analysis, (3) first draft product development, (4) expert validation and revision, (5) small scale product testing and revision, (6) large scale product testing and revision, and (7) final product development. Small scale product testing was done in Kolese De Britto Highschool, with 13 asthmatic students, class X and XI. The results of the study is a modul of modified soccer for asthmatic Highschool Students. From the expert judgement, it can be seen that the modified soccer game is good and effective for atsmatic students who want to paly soccer and can be used as theraphy. The modified game can be an alternative way for sport teacher to teach soccer for asthmatic students and make the student interested in playing it.
PENGARUH MODEL LATIHAN DAN KOORDINASI TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN SISWI EKSTRAKURIKULER BOLA BASKET SMPN I BANTUL
Authors: Nurhidayah Nurhidayah , Sukoco Pamuji 
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) perbedaan pengaruh model latihan guided discovery style dan model latihan command style terhadap keterampilan bola basket siswi, (2) perbeda-an pengaruh siswi yang memiliki koordinasi tinggi dan koordinasi rendah terhadap keterampilan bola basket, dan (3) interaksi antara model latihan dengan koordinasi terhadap keterampilan bola basket siswi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswi ekstrakurikuler bola basket yang berjumlah 43 orang. Sampel berjumlah 24 siswi ditentukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Intrumen tes yang digunakan adalah tes Wall Bounce Pass untuk mengukur koordinasi mata-tangan dan tes Sekolah Tinggi Olahraga (STO) untuk mengukur keterampilan bola basket siswi. Teknik analisis data yang menggunakan ANAVA. Hasil penelitian adalah sebagai berikut: (1) Tidak terdapat perbedaan pengaruh antara model latihan guided discovery style dan model latihan command style terhadap keterampilan bola basket siswi. (2) Terdapat perbedaan pengaruh siswi yang memiliki koordinasi tinggi dan rendah terhadap keterampilan bola basket. (3) Tidak terdapat interaksi yang signifikan antara model latihan dan koordinasi terhadap keterampilan bola basket siswi. THE EFFECT OF TRAINING MODEL AND COORDINATION ON THE BASKETBALL SKILLS OF EXTRACURRICULAR STUDENTS OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL 1 BANTUL Abstract This study aims to investigate: (1) the different effects of the guided discovery style model training and command style model training on basketball skills of students, (2) the different effects on basketball skills of students who have high and low coordination, and (3) the interaction effects between training models of guided discovery style and command style with coordination (high and low) on the basketball skills of students.This research was an experiment. The population comprised 43 basketball extracurricular students. A sample of 24 students was established using the purposive sampling technique. The instruments of this research were wall bounce pass test to measure eye-hand coordination and Sekolah Tinggi Olahraga (STO) test to measure the basketball skills. The data were analyzed using the two-way ANAVA analysis.The results of the study are as follows. (1) There is no different effect between guided discovery style model training and command style model training on the basketball skills of the students. (3) There is an effect difference on the basketball skills of the students who have high and low coordination. (4) There is no a significant interaction between model training and coordination on the basketball skills of students. Key words: guided discovery style, command style, coordination, basketball skills
[Book Review] Homegoing
Authors: Edwards Louise Ling 
Published: December 2019

In Yaa Gyasi’s debut novel Homegoing, two sisters separated by circumstance are born in 18th-century Ghana not far from the Cape Coast Castle. One sister, Effia, marries a white officer employed at the Castle and lives a comfortable life there with her husband and son. The other sister, Esi, is captured during a raid on her village, marched to the Castle, and held in appalling conditions in its dungeons. They reside in the castle together, yet without knowledge of the other’s presence or situation. The two sisters’ stories diverge when Esi is shipped to the southern plantations of the United States as part of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade. The rest of the novel follows the two branches of the family through seven generations in portrait-like chapters that alternate between describing the descendants of Effia and those of Esi. Not only does the story illustrate how the legacy of slavery impacts the two lineages generations after emancipation, but it describes an expansive scope of Black history and the relations between Africans and African-Americans through personal narrative. What is impressive about the tale is that it utilizes thorough and complex character development to move forward the histories of two nations over the span of 300 years. The shortness of each characters’ individual story builds the intensity of each chapter packing every paragraph with emotion. Understanding Gyasi’s deep personal connection to the story makes it clear why Gyasi was able to depict each character with such nuanced detail. She is telling a fictionalized version of her own family history, based off of her experience straddling Ghana’s and America’s two histories.