bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSXIV-34 Encapsulated nitrate on performance of growing Nellore bulls under grazing system during the dry season
Authors: Figueiredo Cibelle B , Silva Mauricia B , Fernandes Juliano , Calaça Alana M , Rocha Higor , Berti Guilherme F , Araujo Rafael C , Couto Victor R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect of encapsulated calcium ammonium nitrate as a partial substitute for soybean meals in the concentrate dry matter intake, average daily gain and feed efficiency of Nellore young bulls under grazing conditions, during the dry season. Sixty-four weaned Nellore (initial BW = 177.46±3.77 kg and 9 mo old) were used in a completely randomized assay. The study lasted 84 days on the dry season. Animals were allotted into 16 paddocks of 1.0 ha each of Urochloa brizantha, randomly assigned into one of two treatments: (CTL) supplement with 25% CP, without nitrate inclusion and; (ENP): supplement with 25% CP, with a inclusion of 50 g of encapsulated calcium ammonium nitrate to each 100 kg of body weight. Animals were fed with concentrate at 1.0% of body weight. Concentrate offered was monitored daily as well as his refusals were collected and weighed to determine daily concentrate dry matter intake (DMI) and feed efficiency (F:G). Animals were weighed every 28 d for calculating average daily gain (ADG). Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design, using ANOVA (α = 0.05). No effects of treatments (P &gt; 0.3487) were observed for final BW (246.69 kg). The same for concentrate dry matter intake (P &gt; 0.0550). Animals consumed 2.34 kg of supplement per day. The average daily gain (0.832 kg, P &gt; 0.2649) and feed efficiency (0.356 kg, P &gt; 0.7315) were not affected by the inclusion of nitrate. The inclusion of encapsulated calcium ammonium nitrate in supplement to Nellore young bulls under grazing conditions during the growing phase did not affect the performance.
PSXIV-24 Immune function and growth performance in beef calves supplemented during backgrounding with live yeast and yeast cell wall in combination with supplemented dams
Authors: Cauble Reagan , Palmer Elizabeth , Powell Jeremy , Cravey Matthew , Reynolds Jana , Kegley Elizabeth 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Live yeast and yeast cell wall products potentially improve health and performance in cattle during the stocker and feedlot phases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate yeast-product supplementation during late gestation through 88 d of age, and(or) a 42-d backgrounding period on immune function and growth performance. Late gestation cows (n = 97) were assigned randomly to treatment: 1) supplement without yeast (CON) or 2) supplement with yeast products (YP). At weaning, calves from each dam treatment (CON or YP) were pooled by dam treatment and stratified based on BW, sex, dam parity, and sire and split into 8 pens within dam treatment. Pens were assigned randomly to 1 of 2 backgrounding treatments (CON or YP) such that a total of 4 pens/treatment existed. Treatments included: 1) dam YP, calf YP, 2) dam YP, calf CON, 3) dam CON, calf YP, and 4) dam CON, calf CON. Calves were fed 2 kg/d of grain and yeast (5 g/d) was provided in a top-dress (ground corn plus YP). Weaning weights (P = 0.99) and backgrounding ADG (P = 0.29) did not differ. Total ruminal VFA concentrations, sampled on d 0 and 42 post-weaning, were increased in calves from dams supplemented with YP (P = 0.04). There were no effects of treatment (P ≥ 0.32) on molar proportions of acetate and propionate. Haptoglobin (P ≥ 0.49) and neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio (P ≥ 0.46) were not influenced by treatment but were affected by day (P &lt; 0.01). While there was no effect of YP (P = 0.73) on BVD titers, there was a day effect (P &lt; 0.01) where titers were greatest on d 28 and least on d 0. Post-weaning yeast supplementation in combination with dam supplementation did not improve calf immune function or performance during a 42-d backgrounding period.
PSX-42 Characterization of the effects of high selenium feed on spermatogenesis in rams
Authors: Davis T Zane , Stegelmeier Bryan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential element that is required by animals to maximize health and production. Some western rangelands contain alkaline soils that are naturally high in Se while others have been contaminated with elevated concentrations of bioavailable Se. Anecdotal evidence of poor reproductive efficiency has been reported on some seleniferous ranges. In order to determine the effects of high Se feeds on spermatogenesis, mature rams were fed alfalfa pellets containing 0.1, 7.5, 15, or 25 ppm Se. Desired Se concentrations were achieved by mixing western aster containing approximately 3,000 ppm Se with alfalfa. Pellets were fed at 3% of body weight for twelve weeks during the breeding season. Semen and blood samples were collected weekly and semen viability, motility, and morphology were evaluated. After twelve weeks of being fed high Se pellets, one testicle from each ram was surgically removed for morphometric and histological evaluation. The rams were then fed a control alfalfa pellet during an eight week recovery period while monitoring and collection of samples continued. At the conclusion of the recovery period the second testicle was surgically removed for analysis. None of the rams demonstrated any visible clinical signs of chronic Se poisoning during the study. Rams fed the high Se-containing alfalfa pellet had a decrease in sperm motility and an increase in the percentage of abnormal sperm. Within several weeks of beginning the recovery period, the negative side effects were reversed. Initial histological surveys suggest minimal histologic changes. This is supported by the rapid recovery of spermatic motility which suggests a maturation defect and not a change in spermatogenesis. These findings indicate that in sheep, subclinical Se intoxication does cause significant male reproductive damage. More work is needed to better characterize this damage and to determine its effect on fertility and production.
PSX-18 Effect of a feed complementation with Cucumis melo upon ovulatory, embrionary and pregnancy rates in grazing goats of northern mexico
Authors: Mendoza-Carreola Jesus , Guillén-Muñoz Juan M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In Mexico, the feeding of goat herds kept in pasture is defined by a dry season and a rainy season, the above, coupled with zero complementation at the beginning of their reproductive cycle, directly affects their productivity. The effect of a feed complementation with Cucumis melo upon ovulatory, embrionary and pregnancy rate was evaluated in goats under grazing conditions in rangelands of northern Mexico. Thirty-two multi-racial anovulatory goats, homogeneous regarding body weight (39.05±0.9) and body condition score (2.5±0.3; 1–5 scale) were divided into 2 groups (n = 16). The first group (treated: GT) received a treatment of a complementation of 200g of grounded melon per animal during 14 days, while the second group (control: GC) did not receive any feed complementation. Both groups were grazed during 8 h per day (from 09:00 to 17:00 h). At day 7 of the feed complementation, the goats were synchronized (progesterone + hCG) and artificially inseminated with fresh semen. The ovulatory, embrionary and pregnancy rates were determined by trans-rectal ultrasound at 10, 28 and 45 days, respectively. The ovulatory percentage, embrionary rate and pregnancy were compared using a chi-square test. All statistical analyses were performed using the statistical package MYSTAT 12. The results of the present research show that there were no statistical differences in any of the three evaluated variables, even though the ovulatory percentage was numerically higher for the treated (P &gt; 0.05). In conclusion, the complementation with melon is not an efficient alternative for grazing goats of northern Mexico, as it does not improve the reproductive response.
PSX-29 Levels of hay and narasin inclusion on carcass characteristics and meat composition
Authors: Sardinha Lairana A , Polizel Daniel M , Miszura Alexandre A , Limede Arnaldo C , Barroso José P R , Martins André S , Oliveira Gabriela B , Sturion Thamires U , Ferreira Evandro M , Pires Alexandre Vaz 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determinate the effects of narasin on carcass characteristics of lambs fed a diet containing different levels. Forty-four lambs were allotted in a randomized complete block design, defined by initial body weight (BW), in a 2x2 factorial arrangement. The first factor was forage (coastcross hay) inclusion (10 or 20%, DM basis) and the second factor was narasin (0 or 13 ppm). The experimental diets were isonitrogenous (17.4%, DM basis). The experiment lasted 112 days. At the end of the experiment, the lambs were slaughtered to evaluate the carcass characteristics and meat composition. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS and the LSMEANS option was used to obtain the means. The effects were considered significant when P &lt; 0.05. There was no interaction between forage levels and narasin inclusion. The experimental diets did not affect the slaughter BW (54.8 ± 1.6 kg), hot carcass weight (29.3 ± 0.96 kg), dressing percentage (53.5 ± 0.67%) and LM area (18.8 ± 0.89 cm2). The inclusion of narasin increased 12th-rib fat (2.10 vs 2.75 mm; P &lt; 0.01) and BW thickness (16.9 vs 20.2 mm; P &lt; 0.01). The inclusion of 20% of hay decreased BW thickness (19.21 vs 17.9 mm; P = 0.03). The experimental diets did not affect the moisture (74.2 ± 0.53%) and ash content in meat (1.27 ± 0.04%). Narasin inclusion increased the fat (2.81 vs 3.62%; P &lt; 0.01) and decreased the CP (21.3 vs 20.7%; P = 0.02) in meat composition. The inclusion of 10% of hay increased the fat in meat (3.5 vs 2.9%; P = 0.03), however, did not affect the CP content. In conclusion, the narasin inclusion and levels of hay improve the carcass characteristics and change the meat composition.
PSX-15 Hepatic function characteristics in pregnant Saanen goats depending on month of pregnancy
Authors: Bokhan Polina D , Bakhta Alesya A , Karpenko Larisa Y , Kozitcyna Anna I , Balykina Anna B , Polistovskaia Polina A , Enukashvili Abram I , Anipchenko Polina 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In recent economical situation goat farming is a promising field accompanied by high price and demand of goat milk, meat and wool. Saanen goats is a dairy breed, the mean yield per lactation is 600–700 kg (1320–1540 lb). This breed is widespread in North-Western region of Russian Federation. Nowadays the deep research of Saanen goat metabolism in different physiological states is important and relevant. This study is aimed to study blood markers of hepatic function in Saanen goats depending on month of pregnancy. The experiment was conducted in the north-western region of Russian Federation, in laboratory of biochemistry and physiology department, FSBEI of Higher Education «SPbSAVM». The experimental group included 30 pregnant Saanen goats, 1–4 years of age, selected using matched pairs method; control group included 30 non-pregnant Saanen goats, same age. The blood samples were taken 5 times during pregnancy – each month. The blood markers of hepatic function (serum ALT, AST, ALP activity and total bilirubin) were assessed by standard methods. The results are displayed in table 1. After analyzing the received data of hepatic function markers there were revealed signs of hepatic toxic damage in pregnant goats during the whole period of pregnancy. Increase of hepatic enzymes activity (AST, ALT) and total bilirubin blood level in pregnant goats when compare with non-pregnant is also notable. Thus during the whole period of pregnancy there were signs of hepatic function disturbances because of intoxications. This is characterized by hepatic function markers elevation. This endogenic intoxication can potentially lead to hepatic damage. Received data allows taking into consideration preventive measures to minimize endogenic intoxication during the second half of pregnancy in goats.
PSX-7 Induction of sexual behavior of Dorper rams treated with GnRH in northern Mexico
Authors: Véliz-Deras Francisco G , Meza-Herrera Cesar , Angel Oscar , Gaytan-Alemán Leticia R , Santiago-Miramontes Angeles De , Carrillo Evaristo , Luna-Orozco Juan Ramón , García-Bolivar Elco Humberto 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We evaluated whether the GnRH application induces the sexual behavior of Dorper rams in northern Mexico (26º N). Rams (n = 12) were divided into 2 homogenous groups (n = 6 each) in body weight (80.0 ± 2.8 kg) and a body condition of (3.3 ± 0.2 units, scale of 1–5). One group (GnRH) received 100 Μ g of GnRH i.m., every 3 d x 1 week, while the other (CONT) received 0.5 ml of physiological saline solution every 3 d x 1 week. At the end of the treatments, rams were subjected to a sexual behavior test by exposing each male to one estrus female during both appetitive (ASB, anogenital sniffing, approaching, kicking, vocalizations) and consummatory (CSB: unsheathing, mount attempt, full mount, mount with unsheathing and mount with ejaculation) sexual behaviors where registered. The CSA and CSC behavior frequencies were compared by a χ 2 test (SYSTAT 12). Both ASB and CSB behaviors favored (P &lt; 0.05) to the GnRH rams; ASB 77% vs 23% and CSB 76% vs 23%. A demonstration of GnRH in Dorper rams in northern Mexico (26 ° N) induced sexual behavior; this should be of interest to enhance the out-of-season reproductive outcomes in the sheep industry.
PSX-17 Induction of sexual behavior of Dorper rams treated with hCG in northern Mexico
Authors: Gaytan-Alemán Leticia R , Carrillo-Moreno Dalia , Véliz-Deras Francisco G , Arellano-Rodriguez Gerardo , Contreras-Villarreal Viridiana , Ordoñez-Morales Julieta , Herrera-González Jose Luis , Rodriguez-Venegas Rafafel 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
To assess whether the application of HCG induces sexual behavior of rams of Dorper rams, a study was conducted in northern Mexico (26 º N). Dorper rams (n = 12) were divided into 2 groups (n = 6 each) with homogeneous body weight (78.0 ± 2.5) and body condition score (BCS = 3.3 ± 0.3; 1–5 scale). One group (HCG) received 300 IU of hCG i.m., every 3 d x 1 week, while the other group (CONT) received 0.5 mL of physiological saline solution i.m. every 3 d x 1 week At the end of the treatments, rams were subjected to a sexual behavior test by exposing each male to a female in estrus during 15 min; both the appetitive (ASB, anogenital sniffing, approaching, kicking, vocalizations) and the consummatory (CSB: unsheathing, mount attempt, full mount, mount with unsheathing and mount with ejaculation) sexual behaviors where registered. Data were analyzed with the χ2 test (SYSTAT 12). Both ASB and CSB behaviors favored (P &lt; 0.05) to the HCG rams; ASB 69% vs 30% and CSB 73% vs 27%. Administration of HCG in Dorper rams at 26° North induced a higher sexual behavior; the last should be of interest to enhance the out-of-season reproductive outcomes in the sheep industry.
PSX-9 Relationships among body condition score, linear measures, body mass index, and growth performance of yearling Alpine doelings
Authors: Liu Haiying , Gipson Terry A , Puchala Ryszard , Goetsch Arthur L 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Alpine doelings (54; initial BW and age of 31.7±0.38 kg and 306±1.9 days, respectively) were used to evaluate relationships among body condition score (BCS), linear measures and associated body mass indices (BMI), and growth performance. Doelings were allocated to treatments with ad libitum intake of diets of 75% alfalfa or sericea lespedeza. The experiment was 12 wk with two 6-wk periods. Linear measures included height at the withers (Wither), length from the point of the shoulder to hook bone (Hook) and pin bone (Pin), and circumference from heart girth (Heart). There were 13 BMI, including BMI1–Wither (BW/Wither), BMI2–Hook (BW/Hook), BMI3–Pin (BW/Pin), BMI4-Heart (BW/Heart), BMI6-Wither×Hook (BW/(Wither×Hook)), BMI7-Wither×Pin (BW/(Wither×Pin)), BMI8-Heart×Hook (BW/(Heart×Hook)), and BMI9-Heart×Pin (BW/(Heart×Pin)), all in g/cm2. Correlation coefficients between BCS and Wither, Hook, Pin, and Heart were 0.14 (P = 0.155), 0.29 (P = 0.002), 0.21 (P = 0.030), and 0.38 (P &lt; 0.001), respectively. Correlation coefficients of BCS were 0.39 (P &lt; 0.001), 0.21 (P = 0.023), 0.32 (P = 0.001), 0.18 (P = 0.064), and 0.23 (P = 0.018) for BW, ADG, and DM intake in g/d, % BW, and g/kg BW0.75, respectively, with nonsignificant r for residual feed intake and ADG:DM intake. Higher r were observed between BMI and performance measures. Correlation coefficients were 0.71, 0.58, 0.66, 0.69, 0.78, 0.67, and 0.812 between BMI1-Wither, BMI3-Pin, BMI4-Heart, BMI6-Wither×Hook, BMI7-Wither×Pin, BMI8-Heart×Hook, and BMI9-Heart×Pin and BW; 0.36, 0.45, 0.42, 0.34, and 0.42 for BMI2-Hook, BMI3-Pin, BMI6-Wither×Hook, BMI7-Wither×Pin, BMI8-Heart×Hook, and BMI9-Heart×Pin and ADG; and 0.49, 0.56, 0.47, 0.63, and 0.58 for BMI1-Wither, BMI3-Pin, BMI6-Wither×Hook, BMI7-Wither×Pin, and BMI9-Heart×Pin and DM intake, in g/d, respectively. The BMI were not related to residual feed intake, and there were some BMI with weak relationships to ADG:DM intake. In conclusion, due to stronger relationships between measures of performance of yearling Alpine doelings consuming a forage-based diet and BMI compared with BCS, future research should address other physiological states and productions conditions.
PSX-6 The appropriate phase of follicle size and progesterone concentration could control ovulation of ruminant animal
Authors: LI Junyou , Piao Chunxiang , Ma Min , Kuwahara Masayoshi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Ovarian follicular development was monitored daily by transrectal ultrasonographic examination in 20 female goats for 2 successive estrous cycles (40 cycles). These animals exhibited ovulatory cycles with a mean length of 20.8 ± 1.1 days. The mean number of follicles ovulated was 2.3 ± 0.9 and their diameter before ovulation was 6.9 ± 1.1 mm. Among 40 estrous cycles examined, 9 (23 %) displayed 1 latent follicular wave and the remaining 31 (77 %) cycles displayed 2 latent follicular waves. Three and 4 days after the second spontaneous ovulation (day 0 = ovulation), when diameter of dominant follicles of the first latent wave exceeded 5.5 mm, 20 goats were treated with a luteolytic dose of prostaglandin F2a (PGF2a) and randomly assigned to one of three groups. This treatment immediately decreased plasma levels of progesterone and increased those of estradiol, resulting in ovulation 2 or 3 days later. One group of goats (n = 5) treated with PGF2a at the first latent follicular wave and was mated with fertile male goat, resulting in 4 pregnancies. For the second group of goats (n = 5), 4 successive short estrous cycles were induced. A total of 35 short ovulatory cycles were induced at a mean interval of 6.5 ± 1.2 days with a range of 4–9 days. Five of goats were allowed to mate following 4 consecutive short ovulatory cycles; normal oestrous behavior was observed at each estrus. The goats were successfully mated, became pregnant and delivered kids of normal body weight and length. The remaining goats (n = 6), in addition to PGF2a treatment, received exogenous progesterone supplement which allowed latent follicular development to occur, but prevented ovulation until the effect of progesterone supplement subsided. Thus, it was concluded that appropriate phase of follicle size and progesterone concentration could control ovulation of ruminant animal.
PSVI-18 The use of Spirulina in piglet’s diets: effects on growth performance, selected biochemical blood parameters and small intestine mucosa morphology and metabolomics profiles
Authors: Martins Cátia F , Matzapetakis Manolis , Ribeiro David D , Pinho Mário , Freire João Pedro Bengala , Prates José A M , Almeida Andre M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Pig production relies on expensive imported protein feedstuffs namely soybean meal. It is very important to use less conventional feedstuffs such as microalgae. Spirulina has been used in pig feeds as an additive (inclusion levels below 1%). Recently, its use as a protein feedstuff has been proposed. In order to study the effect of Spirulina on growth, intestinal mucosa morphology microscopy, plasma profiles and small intestine and liver metabolomics (1H NMR) of weaned 12 kg piglets, an experiment with 40 male animals was carried out. Animals were divided into 4 groups of 10 animals (Control, 10% Spirulina, 10% Spirulina + Rovabio® and 10% Spirulina + Lysozyme). Piglets were fed ad libitum. All diets had the same protein and energy levels. Piglets were weighed weekly; experimental period was 4 weeks. Animals were sacrificed and blood, liver and small intestine sampled. Variance analysis was used to test diet effect on growth, intestinal morphology and plasma parameters. Metabolomics data were analysed using PCA and PLS-DA. For the same feed intake, the average daily gain was reduced by 14% and feed-conversion ratio increased by 10% in the three diets with Spirulina in comparison to Control. No significant differences (P &gt; 0.05) were found for microvilli height and width or crypt depth. Plasma cholesterol, total lipids and liver aminotransferases (ALT, AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentrations were higher in animals fed on Spirulina diets. Metabolic profiles for the two tissues were similar for the four groups, although PLS-DA analysis showed a tendency for the three Spirulina diets to cluster together, separately from the control group. Betaine and glycerol-3-phosphocholine were the most discriminant metabolites. In conclusion, although Spirulina had no significant effects on small intestinal morphology and metabolomics profiles, its use for piglet feeding in incorporation levels of 10% leads to losses in growth performances.