bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of the Brains Ahead! Intervention: 6 Months Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial in School-Aged Children With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Renaud M. Irene , van de Port Ingrid G. L. , Catsman-Berrevoets Coriene E. , Köhler Sebastian , Lambregts Suzanne A. M. , van Heugten Caroline M. 
Published: June 2020

Objective:
To examine the effectiveness of Brains Ahead!, a psychoeducational intervention aimed to prevent long-term problems with activities and participation in children after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).

Participants:
In total, 124 children, aged 6 to 18 years, diagnosed with mTBI and their caregivers.

Method:
After randomization, participants in the intervention group received a face-to-face psychoeducational session with written take-home information and follow-up telephone call(s). Participants in the control group received usual care, consisting of a concise information brochure.

Primary Outcome Measures:
Activities and participation (Child and Adolescent Scale of Participation [CASP]). Secondary outcomes: fatigue, postconcussive symptoms (PCSs), posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs), and quality of life (QOL).

Results:
Generalized Estimated Equation analyses showed that both groups improved over the first 6 months post-mTBI, but the intervention group did not differ significantly on the CASP. Mann-Whitney U tests showed that the intervention group reported significantly less fatigue, PCSs, and PTSSs and better QOL compared with the control group at 6 months post-MTBI.

Conclusions:
The Brains Ahead! intervention resulted in significant improvements compared with usual care in reducing fatigue, PCSs, and PTSSs and improving QOL. Lack of an effect on activities and participation may be due to the ceiling effect of the CASP.
Analysis of Corneal Densitometry and Endothelial Cell Function in Fuchs Uveitis Syndrome
Authors: Simsek Mert , Cakar Ozdal Pinar , Cankurtaran Mahmut , Ozdemir Huseyin Baran , Elgin Ufuk 
Published: June 2020

Objectives:
To evaluate corneal densitometry and endothelial cell properties in patients with unilateral Fuchs uveitis syndrome (FUS), and to compare results with unaffected contralateral eyes and healthy control subjects.

Methods:
A total of 90 participants were included in this prospective cross-sectional study. Forty-five affected eyes of patients with FUS were regarded as group 1 (FUSa), 45 fellow eyes were regarded as group 2 (FUSf), and 45 healthy-control eyes were regarded as group 3. Corneal densitometry was measured with densitometry software of Scheimpflug Corneal Topography (Pentacam HR, Oculus GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany), whereas endothelial cell measurement was evaluated with specular microscopy (Tomey, EM4000, GmbH, Germany).

Results:
The mean corneal densitometry values were higher in the midstromal (zones; 2–6, 6–10 mm), posterior (all zones), and total thickness (zones; 2–6, 6–10 mm) layers in the FUSa compared with FUSf and control eyes (P<0.05 for all comparisons). The mean values of average cell area and cell size characteristics (minimum, maximum, SD, and coefficient of variation) were higher; endothelial cell density and percentage of hexagonal cells were lower in the FUSa than in the other two groups (P<0.05 for all comparisons). There was a significantly strong correlation between specular microscopy parameters and posterior corneal densitometry values in the FUSa group.

Conclusions:
Impairment of endothelial cell function in affected eyes of patients with FUS resulted in increased values of corneal densitometry, especially posterior layer.
Effect of photorefractive keratectomy on agreement of anterior segment variables obtained by a swept-source biometer vs a Scheimpflug-based tomographer
Authors: Salouti Ramin , Kamalipour Alireza , Masihpour Nasrin , Zamani Mohammad , Ghoreyshi Maryam , Salouti Kia , Nowroozzadeh M. Hossein 
Published: June 2020

Purpose:
To evaluate agreement of anterior segment variables between Pentacam-AXL and IOLMaster 700 before vs after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).

Setting:
Salouti Eye Clinic, Shiraz, Iran.

Design:
Prospective cohort with interdevice agreement analysis.

Methods:
This study included healthy PRK candidates who were assessed with both devices preoperatively and 6 months after PRK. Only data from the right eye of each patient was analyzed. Pentacam-AXL average keratometry (AvgK) and zonal keratometry in the central 2.5 mm zone (zonal-K2.5) were each compared with mean keratometry (Km) from the IOLMaster 700. Other main outcome measures included vector analysis of corneal astigmatism (J0 and J45), central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and white-to-white (WTW) distance. Axial length (AL) measurements by the same devices on a new cohort of 40 patients who had undergone PRK were also assessed. A paired t test was used to assess the interdevice measurement differences, and Bland-Altman analysis was used to calculate the 95% limits of agreement (LoA).

Results:
This study included 97 patients. Preoperative vs post-PRK 95% LoAs between Pentacam-AXL and IOLMaster 700 were as follows: AvgK/Km (−0.42, 0.08 diopter [D]) vs (−0.49, 0.18 D); zonal-K2.5/Km (−0.40, 0.32 D) vs (−0.57, 0.74 D); J0 (−0.33, 0.18 D) vs (−0.28, 0.35 D); J45 (−0.28, 0.23 D) vs (−0.24, 0.27 D); pupil pachymetry/CCT (−18, 12 μm) vs (−2.6, 19.6 μm); apical pachymetry/CCT (−17.4, 12.8 μm) vs (−1.7, 20.9 μm); ACD (−0.03, 0.13 mm) vs (−0.03, 0.13 mm); WTW (−0.68, 0.23 mm) vs (−0.63, 0.14 mm); and AL (−0.07, 0.01 mm) vs (−0.07, 0.03 mm), respectively.

Conclusions:
PRK showed a negative impact on interdevice agreement for CCT and corneal power measurements, whereas it did not have a significant effect on the agreement of devices for ACD, WTW, AL, and the J45 astigmatism vectoral component. For IOL power measurement in post-PRK eyes, the 2 devices could be regarded as interchangeable for measuring AL and ACD but not for keratometry readings.
Comparison of the rotational stability between plate-haptic toric and C-loop haptic toric IOLs in myopic eyes
Authors: Zhu Xiangjia , Meng Jiaqi , He Wenwen , Rong Xianfang , Lu Yi 
Published: June 2020

Purpose:
To compare the rotational stability of a plate-haptic toric intraocular lens (IOL) vs a C-loop haptic toric IOL in myopic cataract eyes.

Setting:
Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, China.

Design:
Prospective, randomized, controlled study.

Methods:
Cataract eyes with axial length (AL) more than 24.5 mm were randomly assigned to receive implantation of a C-loop haptic toric IOL (AcrySof Toric IOL) (Group A) or a plate-haptic toric IOL (AT TORBI 709M IOL) (Group B). IOL rotation, residual astigmatism, visual acuity, and higher-order aberrations (HOAs) evaluated with OPD-Scan III aberrometer were compared at 3 months postoperatively.

Results:
In total, 62 eyes of 62 patients were eligible for analysis: 31 in Group A and 31 in Group B. The mean rotation of toric IOLs was greater in Group A than that in Group B (8.00 ± 3.60 degrees vs 4.42 ± 3.24 degrees, respectively, P < .001), especially when IOLs were vertically placed. IOL rotation was positively correlated with AL in Group A, whereas no such correlations were found in Group B. Residual astigmatism in Group A was greater than that in Group B (−0.76 ± 0.30 diopter [D] vs −0.51 ± 0.29 D, respectively, P = .001). Fewer eyes achieved residual astigmatism of 0.50 D or less in Group A than in Group B (38.71% vs 64.52%). Group A had worse postoperative uncorrected visual acuity and higher total HOAs and coma for a 6.0 mm pupil than Group B, whereas postoperative corrected visual acuity was not different between the 2 groups.

Conclusions:
The plate-haptic toric IOL might be a better choice for myopic cataract eyes with corneal astigmatism because of reduced postoperative rotation.
Comparative postoperative topography pattern recognition analysis using axial vs tangential curvature maps
Authors: Shah Ravi S. , Khandelwal Sumitra S. , Goshe Jeffrey M. , Haberman Ilyse D. , Randleman J. Bradley 
Published: June 2020

Purpose:
To determine prediction accuracy of patient refractive surgery status by novice reviewers based on topography pattern analysis using axial or tangential anterior curvature maps.

Setting:
Four U.S. academic centers.

Design:
Prospective case–control study.

Methods:
Image evaluation was performed by novice reviewers (n = 52) at 4 academic institutions. Participants were shown 60 total images from 30 eyes presenting for cataract surgery evaluation with known refractive surgery status, including 12 eyes imaged with Placido-based topography and 18 eyes imaged with Scheimpflug-based tomography. There were 12 eyes with myopic ablations, 12 eyes with hyperopic ablations, and 6 eyes with no previous refractive surgery performed. Each eye was shown in both axial and tangential curvature from either device, reviewed as a single image at a time, and masked to the map type (axial vs tangential).

Results:
For the 52 novice reviewers included, accuracy of pattern identification was 82.9% (517 of 624) for tangential vs 55.0% (343 of 624) for axial maps for eyes with myopic ablation (P < .00001), 90.9% (567 of 624) for tangential vs 58.3% (364 of 624) for axial maps for eyes with hyperopic ablation (P < .00001), and 15.4% (48 of 312) for tangential vs 62.8% (196 of 312) for axial maps for eyes with no ablation (P < .00001). There were no significant differences between Placido and Scheimpflug devices and no significant differences across groups based on year of training.

Conclusions:
Tangential curvature maps yielded significantly better pattern recognition accuracy compared with axial maps after myopic and hyperopic corneal refractive surgery ablations for novice reviewers. Using tangential curvature maps, especially for challenging cases, should benefit post-LASIK intraocular lens (IOL) calculator selection and, thereby, improve IOL power calculation accuracy.
Pain-related behaviors and abnormal cutaneous innervation in a murine model of classical Ehlers–Danlos syndrome
Authors: Syx Delfien , Miller Rachel E. , Obeidat Alia M. , Tran Phuong B. , Vroman Robin , Malfait Zoë , Miller Richard J. , Malfait Fransiska , Malfait Anne-Marie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractClassical Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (cEDS) is a connective tissue disorder caused by heterozygous mutations in one of the type V collagen-encoding genes,COL5A1orCOL5A2. cEDS is characterized by generalized joint hypermobility and instability, hyperextensible, fragile skin, and delayed wound healing. Chronic pain is a major problem in cEDS patients, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown, and studies in animal models are lacking. Therefore, we assessed pain-related behaviors in haploinsufficientCol5a1+/−mice, which clinically mimic human cEDS. Compared to wild-type (WT) littermates, 15 to 20-week-oldCol5a1+/−mice of both sexes showed significant hypersensitivity to mechanical stimuli in the hind paws and the abdominal area, but responses to thermal stimuli were unaltered. Spontaneous behaviors, including distance travelled and rearing, were grossly normal in maleCol5a1+/−mice, whereas femaleCol5a1+/−mice showed altered climbing behavior. Finally, male and femaleCol5a1+/−mice vocalized more than WT littermates when scruffed. Decreased grip strength was also noted. In view of the observed pain phenotype,Col5a1+/−mice were crossed with NaV1.8-tdTomato reporter mice, enabling visualization of nociceptors in the glabrous skin of the footpad. We observed a significant decrease in intraepidermal nerve fiber density, with fewer nerves crossing the epidermis, and a decreased total nerve length ofCol5a1+/−mice compared to WT. In summary, male and femaleCol5a1+/−mice show hypersensitivity to mechanical stimuli, indicative of generalized sensitization of the nervous system, in conjunction with an aberrant organization of cutaneous nociceptors. Therefore,Col5a1+/−mice will provide a useful tool to study mechanisms of pain associated with cEDS.
Linguistic and Psychometric Validation of the Chinese Version of the Control Attitudes Scale-Revised in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Chen Shixiang , Zheng Shinan , Wang Xiaobing , Zhang Xiaonan , Fa Tiane , Fu Li , Zang Xiaoying , Zhao Yue 
Published: June 2020

Background
The concept of perceived control reflects the belief that one has resources needed to cope with negative events and the ability to positively influence consequences of those negative events. In patients with heart failure, perceived control is associated with a variety of health outcomes. Perceived control is commonly measured using the Control Attitudes Scale-Revised (CASR). There is no Chinese version of the CAS-R (CCAS-R).

Objective
The purpose of this article was to perform linguistic validation and psychometric evaluation of the CCAS-R.

Methods
The CAS-R was translated into Chinese according to Brislin's model. Then, a multicenter observational study was performed. Floor and ceiling effects, internal consistency, structural validity, and hypothesis testing were all assessed for psychometric validation of the CCAS-R.

Results
A total of 227 patients with chronic heart failure were included. There were no ceiling or floor effects detected. Cronbach α was 0.94, indicating a high reliability. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the 1-factor structure as proposed by the original CAS-R fits the data well. The results of the principal component analysis suggested that the 1-factor structure was optimal as well, accounting for 71.6% of the total variance. The a priori hypothesis was supported by a statistically significant correlation between the CCAS-R and 3 theoretically related variables.

Conclusion
We developed a semantically equivalent version of the CAS-R in Chinese. The evaluation of the instruments' psychometric properties demonstrated that the CCAS-R has good reliability and validity for use in Chinese patients with chronic heart failure.
Pediatric Heatstroke Fatalities Caused by Being Left in Motor Vehicles
Authors: Hammett Deborah L. , Kennedy Thomas M. , Selbst Steven M. , Rollins Amber , Fennell Janette E. 
Published: June 2020

Objectives
Fatalities due to being left in motor vehicles is an important cause of pediatric mortality. Few studies in the medical literature focus on this topic. This study aims to describe the circumstances surrounding these deaths, to determine their geographic distribution, and to evaluate the legal consequences for those responsible.

Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study of individuals ≤14 years old who died of heatstroke after being left in motor vehicles from 1990 through 2016 using a database provided by KidsAndCars.org. Descriptive data and specified outcomes regarding victims and responsible individuals were recorded.

Results
Of the 541 cases included for analysis, 528 fatalities involved a single victim and 26 fatalities involved 2 or more victims left in a vehicle. Of all fatalities, 54.4% were male and the mean age was 16.4 (±13.7) months. The responsible individual(s) unknowingly left the victim(s) in the vehicle in 78.2% of cases and knowingly left the victim(s) in 16.6% of cases. A single individual was responsible for leaving the victim(s) in 88.9% of cases. The cases were noted in 45 of 50 states and most commonly occurred in Texas (15%), Florida (12%), and California (7%). Criminal charges against the responsible individual(s) occurred in 58.2% of cases.

Conclusions
Pediatric fatalities due to being left in motor vehicles most commonly occur when a caregiver leaves a child unknowingly in a home parking area. These fatalities occur most often in Texas, Florida, and California. Responsible individuals are frequently charged with a crime.
Is it infection or rather vascular inflammation? Game-changer insights and recommendations from patterns of multi-organ involvement and affected subgroups in COVID-19
Authors: AbdelMassih Antoine Fakhry , Kamel Aya , Mishriky Fady , Ismail Habiba-Allah , El Qadi Layla , Malak Lauris , El-Husseiny Miral , Ashraf Mirette , Hafez Nada , AlShehry Nada , El-Husseiny Nadine , AbdelRaouf Nora , Shebl Noura , Hafez Nouran , Youssef Nourhan , Afdal Peter , Hozaien Rafeef , Menshawey Rahma , Saeed Rana , Fouda Raghda 
Published: June 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a serious illness that has rapidly spread throughout the globe. The seriousness of complications puts significant pressures on hospital resources, especially the availability of ICU and ventilators. Current evidence suggests that COVID-19 pathogenesis majorly involves microvascular injury induced by hypercytokinemia, namely interleukin 6 (IL-6). We recount the suggested inflammatory pathway for COVID-19 and its effects on various organ systems, including respiratory, cardiac, hematologic, reproductive, and nervous organ systems, as well examine the role of hypercytokinemia in the at-risk geriatric and obesity subgroups with upregulated cytokines’ profile. In view of these findings, we strongly encourage the conduction of prospective studies to determine the baseline levels of IL-6 in infected patients, which can predict a negative outcome in COVID-19 cases, with subsequent early administration of IL-6 inhibitors, to decrease the need for ICU admission and the pressure on healthcare systems.
Video abstract: http://links.lww.com/CAEN/A24
Characteristics and Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients in New York City’s Public Hospital System
Authors: Marcello Roopa Kalyanaraman , Dolle Johanna , Grami Sheila , Adule Richard , Li Zeyu , Tatem Kathleen , Anyaogu Chinyere , Apfelroth Stephen , Ayinla Raji , Boma Noella , Brady Terence , Cosme-Thormann Braulio F. , Costarella Roseann , Ford Kenra , Gaither Kecia , Jacobson Jessica , Kanter Marc , Kessler Stuart , Kristal Ross B. , Lieber Joseph J. , Mukherjee Vikramjit , Rizzo Vincent , Rowell Madden , Stevens David , Sydney Elana , Wallach Andrew , Chokshi Dave A. , Davis Nichola ,   New York City Health + Hospitals COVID-19 Population Health Data Team
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundNew York City (NYC) has borne the greatest burden of COVID-19 in the United States, but information about characteristics and outcomes of racially/ethnically diverse individuals tested and hospitalized for COVID-19 remains limited. In this case series, we describe characteristics and outcomes of patients tested for and hospitalized with COVID-19 in New York City’s public hospital system.MethodsWe reviewed the electronic health records of all patients who received a SARS-CoV-2 test between March 5 and April 9, 2020, with follow up through April 16, 2020. The primary outcomes were a positive test, hospitalization, and death. Demographics and comorbidities were also assessed.Results22254 patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2. 13442 (61%) were positive; among those, the median age was 52.7 years (interquartile range [IQR] 39.5-64.5), 7481 (56%) were male, 3518 (26%) were Black, and 4593 (34%) were Hispanic. Nearly half (4669, 46%) had at least one chronic disease (27% diabetes, 30% hypertension, and 21% cardiovascular disease). Of those testing positive, 6248 (46%) were hospitalized. The median age was 61.6 years (IQR 49.7-72.9); 3851 (62%) were male, 1950 (31%) were Black, and 2102 (34%) were Hispanic. More than half (3269, 53%) had at least one chronic disease (33% diabetes, 37% hypertension, 24% cardiovascular disease, 11% chronic kidney disease). 1724 (28%) hospitalized patients died. The median age was 71.0 years (IQR 60.0, 80.9); 1087 (63%) were male, 506 (29%) were Black, and 528 (31%) were Hispanic. Chronic diseases were common (35% diabetes, 37% hypertension, 28% cardiovascular disease, 15% chronic kidney disease). Male sex, older age, diabetes, cardiac history, and chronic kidney disease were significantly associated with testing positive, hospitalization, and death. Racial/ethnic disparities were observed across all outcomes.Conclusions and RelevanceThis is the largest and most racially/ethnically diverse case series of patients tested and hospitalized for COVID-19 in the United States to date. Our findings highlight disparities in outcomes that can inform prevention and testing recommendations.
Exploring the maturation of a monocytic cell line using self-organizing maps of single-cell Raman spectra
Authors: Majumdar Sayani , Kraft Mary L 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTPhorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-differentiated THP-1 cells are routinely used in lieu of primary macrophages to study macrophage polarization during host-pathogen interactions and disease progression. The phenotypes of the THP-1 macrophages are influenced by the level and duration of PMA stimulation, and possibly also by the presence of adhesion factors. Here, we use self-organizing maps (SOMs) of single-cell Raman spectra to probe the effects of PMA stimulation conditions and adhesion factors on THP-1 cell differentiation. Raman spectra encoding for biochemical composition were acquired from individual cells on substrates coated with fibronectin or poly-L-lysine before and after stimulation with 20 nM or 200 nM PMA for two different time intervals. SOMs that show the extent of spectral dissimilarity were constructed. For all stimulation conditions, the SOMs indicated the spectra acquired from cells after 3 d treatment had diverged from those of untreated cells. The SOMs also showed treatment with 200 nM PMA for 3 d produced both fully and partially differentiated cells on both adhesion factors, whereas the outcome of 20 nM PMA treatment for 3 d depended on the adhesion factor. Treatment of THP-1 cells on fibronectin with 20 nM PMA for 3 d produced both partially and fully differentiated cells, but this treatment induced an intermediate stage of differentiation when applied to THP-1 cells on poly-L-lysine. Thus, the transition of THP-1 monocytes into macrophage-like cells may be modulated by integrin-binding interactions. Furthermore, the composite of culture and stimulation conditions may confound the comparison of results from separate studies.
Origin and cross-species transmission of bat coronaviruses in China
Authors: Latinne Alice , Hu Ben , Olival Kevin J. , Zhu Guangjian , Zhang Libiao , Li Hongying , Chmura Aleksei A. , Field Hume E. , Zambrana-Torrelio Carlos , Epstein Jonathan H. , Li Bei , Zhang Wei , Wang Lin-Fa , Shi Zheng-Li , Daszak Peter 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBats are presumed reservoirs of diverse coronaviruses (CoVs) including progenitors of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. However, the evolution and diversification of these coronaviruses remains poorly understood. We used a Bayesian statistical framework and sequence data from all known bat-CoVs (including 630 novel CoV sequences) to study their macroevolution, cross-species transmission, and dispersal in China. We find that host-switching was more frequent and across more distantly related host taxa in alpha-than beta-CoVs, and more highly constrained by phylogenetic distance for beta-CoVs. We show that inter-family and -genus switching is most common in Rhinolophidae and the genusRhinolophus. Our analyses identify the host taxa and geographic regions that define hotspots of CoV evolutionary diversity in China that could help target bat-CoV discovery for proactive zoonotic disease surveillance. Finally, we present a phylogenetic analysis suggesting a likely origin for SARS-CoV-2 inRhinolophusspp. bats.