bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovery of New N-hydrazinecarbothioamide Indazole Hybrids: As Potential Radical (ABTS and DPPH) Scavengers
Authors: Rafique Rafaila , Arshia  , Kanwal  , Khan Khalid Mohammed , Chigurupati Sridevi , Salar Uzma , Taha Muhammad , Perveen Shahnaz 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Free radicals are the main cause of numerous diseases. Their overproduction
needs to be controlled in order to combat several ailments. The current study deals with the discovery
of new free radical scavengers.

Methods:
Substituted N-hydrazinecarbothioamide indazoles 1-18 were evaluated for DPPH and
ABTS radical scavenging activities.

Results:
All synthetic compounds possess good radical DPPH and ABTS scavenging
potential in the ranges of IC50 = 2.11 ± 0.17 - 5.3 ± 0.11 μM and IC50 = 2.31 ± 0.06 - 5.5 ± 0.07
μM, respectively, as compared to standard ascorbic acid having IC50 = 2.02 ± 0.11 μM for DPPH
and IC50 = 2.1 ± 0.07 μM for ABTS.

Conclusion:
These compounds could serve as leads for antioxidant activity that have the ability to
control free radical generation and ward off free radical-induced disorders.
The Killing of Human Neuroblastoma Cells by the Small Molecule JQ1 Occurs in a p53-Dependent Manner
Authors: Mazar Joseph , Gordon Caleb , Naga Varun , Westmoreland Tamarah J. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
MYCN amplification is a prognostic biomarker associated with poor prognosis of
neuroblastoma in children. The overall survival of children with MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma has only
marginally improved within the last 20 years. The Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal motif (BET) inhibitor,
JQ1, has been shown to downregulate MYCN in neuroblastoma cells.

Objective:
To determine if JQ1 downregulation of MYCN in neuroblastomas can offer a target- specific therapy
for this, difficult to treat, pediatric cancer.

Methods:
Since MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma accounts for as much as 40 to 50 percent of all high-risk
cases, we compared the effect of JQ1 on both MYCN-amplified and non-MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cell
lines and investigated its mechanism of action.

Results:
In this study, we show that JQ1 can specifically target MYCN for downregulation, though this effect is
not specific to only MYCN-amplified cells. And although we can confirm that the loss of MYCN alone can
induce apoptosis, the exogenous rescue of MYCN expression can abrogate much of this cytotoxicity. More
fascinating, however, was the discovery that the JQ1-induced knockdown of MYCN, which led to the loss of the
human double minute 2 homolog (HDM2) protein, also led to the accumulation of tumor protein 53 (also known
as TP53 or p53), which ultimately induced apoptosis. Likewise, the knockdown of p53 also blunted the cytotoxic
effects of JQ1.

Conclusion:
These data suggest a mechanism of action for JQ1 cytotoxicity in neuroblastomas and offer a possible
prognostic target for determining its efficacy as a therapeutic.
Elimination of the Causes of Poor Sleep Underlying Delirium is a Basic Strategy to Prevent Delirium
Authors: Enomoto Riyo , Lee-Hiraiwa Eibai 
Published: April 2020

:
Delirium is a very common but annoying clinical state that interferes with the treatment of
background disease and delays recovery. Delirium is a troublesome condition that exhausts not only the
patient but also his/her family and healthcare professionals. Since aging is a risk factor for delirium, how to
control delirium is an extremely important issue in an aging society. Phenotype of delirium are so diverse that
it is difficult to elucidate the mechanism of individual symptoms, but it is clinically well known that
maintaining sleep quality is important in preventing and improving delirium. Drugs and factors that are
known to disrupt the sleep-wake cycle also overlap with the risk factors for delirium, indicating the close
connection between delirium and sleep. Although the sleep-wake cycle is tightly regulated by many
neurotransmitters and hormones, and the role of each substance in this cycle is being elucidated in detail. It is
well known that acetylcholine is one of the most important neurotransmitter involved in wakefulness, and
anticholinergic drugs reduce rapid eye movement sleep. Anticholinergic drugs are also the major drug causing
drug-induced delirium. Several clinical studies have reported that melatonin receptor agonists reduce
delirium. Some clinical studies have examined the relationship between delirium and environmental factors
that interfere with sleep, such as noise and brightness. The purpose of this review is to organize the cause of
poor sleep underlying delirium and propose strategies to prevent delirium, based on rich neurological and
pharmacological findings of sleep. We consider that elimination of causes of sleep deprivation underlying
delirium is one of the most effective prevention strategies for delirium.
Explore the Optimal Node Degree of Interfirm Network for Efficient Knowledge Sharing
Authors: Tang Houxing , Fang Fang , Ma Zhenzhong 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Network structure is a critical issue for efficient interfirm knowledge sharing. The
optimal node degree turns out to be decisive because it is generally regarded as a core proxy of network
structural characteristics. This paper is to examine what is the optimal node degree for an efficient
network structure.

Methods:
Based on an interaction rule combining the barter rule and the gift rule, we first describe and
then build a knowledge diffusion process. Then using four factors, namely network size, network
randomness, knowledge endowment of network, and knowledge stock of each firm, we examine the
factors that influence the optimal node degree for efficient knowledge sharing.

Results:
The simulation results show that the optimal node degree can be determined along the change
in outer factors. Furthermore, changing the network randomness and network size has little impact on
node degree. Instead, knowledge endowment of network and knowledge stock of each firm both have
significant impact on the node degree.

Conclusion:
We find that an optimal node degree can always be found in any condition, which
confirms the existence of a balanced state. Thus, policymakers can determine the appropriate number
of links to avoid redundancy and thus reduce cost in interfirm networks. We also examine how different
factors influence the size of the optimal node degree, and as a result, policymakers can set an
appropriate number of links under different situations.
Fiction, Falsehoods, and Few Facts: Cross-Sectional Study on the Content-Related Quality of Atopic Eczema-Related Videos on YouTube
Authors: Mueller Simon M , Hongler Valentina N S , Jungo Pierre , Cajacob Lucian , Schwegler Simon , Steveling Esther H , Manjaly Thomas Zita-Rose , Fuchs Oliver , Navarini Alexander , Scherer Kathrin , Brandt Oliver 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundIn recent years, YouTube has become a recognized source of medical information for health care consumers. Although YouTube has advantages in this context, there are potential dangers as videos may contain nonscientific, misleading, or even harmful information.ObjectiveAs little is known about YouTube as a source of information on atopic dermatitis (AD), we investigated the content-related quality of AD videos and their perception among YouTube users.MethodsThe quality of the 100 most viewed AD videos was assessed by using the Global Quality Scale (GQS) and the DISCERN instrument. Videos were classified as “useful,” “misleading,” and “potentially harmful,” and the correlations of viewers’ ratings (likes) with the GQS and DISCERN scores were assessed.ResultsAmong the 100 videos, 68.0% (68/100) and 62.0% (62/100) were of poor and very poor scientific quality, respectively. Additionally, 32.0% (32/100) of the videos were classified as useful, 48.0% (48/100) were classified as misleading, and 34.0% (34/100) were classified as potentially harmful. Viewers’ ratings did not correlate with the GQS and DISCERN scores. Overall, 50.0% (50/100) of the videos were posted by private individuals and promoters of complementary/alternative treatments, 42.0% (42/100) by therapeutical advertisers, and only 8.0% (8/100) by nonprofit organizations/universities.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that two-thirds of the videos analyzed were below acceptable medical quality standards and that many videos were disseminating misleading or even dangerous content. Subjective and anecdotal content was overrepresented, and viewers did not appear to be able to distinguish between high- and low-quality videos. Health promotion strategies by professional medical organizations are needed to improve their presence and visibility on YouTube.
A Clinical Teaching Blended Learning Program to Enhance Registered Nurse Preceptors’ Teaching Competencies: Pretest and Posttest Study
Authors: Wu Xi Vivien , Chi Yuchen , Panneer Selvam Umadevi , Devi M Kamala , Wang Wenru , Chan Yah Shih , Wee Fong Chi , Zhao Shengdong , Sehgal Vibhor , Ang Neo Kim Emily 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundClinical nursing education provides opportunities for students to learn in multiple patient care settings, receive appropriate guidance, and foster the development of clinical competence and professionalism. Nurse preceptors guide students to integrate theory into practice, teach clinical skills, assess clinical competencies, and enhance problem-solving and critical thinking skills. Previous research has indicated that the teaching competencies of nurse preceptors can be transferred to students’ clinical learning to enhance their clinical competencies.ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop a clinical teaching blended learning (CTBL) program with the aid of web-based clinical pedagogy (WCP) and case-based learning for nurse preceptors and to examine the effectiveness of the CTBL program on nurse preceptors’ clinical teaching competencies, self-efficacies, attitudes toward web-based learning, and blended learning outcomes.MethodsA quasi-experimental single-group pretest and posttest design was adopted. A total of 150 nurse preceptors participated in the CTBL program, which was conducted from September 2019 to December 2019. A set of questionnaires, including the clinical teaching competence inventory, preceptor self-efficacy questionnaire, attitudes toward web-based continuing learning survey, and e-learning experience questionnaire, was used to assess the outcomes before and after the CTBL program.ResultsCompared with the baseline, the participants had significantly higher total mean scores and subdomain scores for clinical teaching competence (mean 129.95, SD 16.38; P<.001), self-efficacy (mean 70.40, SD 9.35; P<.001), attitudes toward web-based continuing learning (mean 84.68, SD 14.76; P<.001), and blended learning outcomes (mean 122.13, SD 14.86; P<.001) after the CTBL program.ConclusionsThe CTBL program provides a comprehensive coverage of clinical teaching pedagogy and assessment strategies. The combination of the WCP and case-based approach provides a variety of learning modes to fit into the diverse learning needs of the preceptors. The CTBL program allows the preceptors to receive direct feedback from the facilitators during face-to-face sessions. Preceptors also gave feedback that the web-based workload is manageable. This study provides evidence that the CTBL program increases the clinical teaching competencies and self-efficacies of the preceptors and promotes positive attitudes toward web-based learning and better blended learning outcomes. The health care organization can consider the integration of flexible learning and intellect platforms for preceptorship education.
Preparation and Characterization of Celecoxib Entrapped Guar Gum Nanoparticles Targeted for Oral Drug Delivery against Colon Cancer: An In-Vitro Study
Authors: Chandel Deepika , Uppal Shivani , Mehta Surinder Kumar , Shukla Geeta 
Published: April 2020

The present study is an attempt to synthesize nanosized guar gum carriers encapsulating celecoxib as the chemopreventive agent for experimental colorectal cancer (CRC). Guar gum nanoparticles without celecoxib (eGGNPs) and celecoxib loaded guar gum nanoparticles (cGGNPs) were prepared by oil-in-water emulsification and in situ polymer crosslinking method. Electron microscopy, zeta potential and fourier transform infrared spectra analysis was used to affirm the size, stability and morphology of the nanoparticles. In-vitro drug release was investigated using dialysis method. Further, the effect of nanoparticles (eGGNPs & cGGNPs) was evaluated on Caco 2 colon cancer cell lines. Spherical guar gum nanoparticles were obtained in the size range of 200±6nm with zeta potential of -32.1mV indicating good stability of the GGNPs with drug loading of 30±3.2%, and drug release following zero order kinetics. The eGGNPs had no effect on Caco2 cell viability whereas the cGGNPs showed time and concentration dependent growth inhibition of Caco 2 cells. These findings suggest the successful preparation of chemopreventive nanoparticles that can be targeted as the prophylactic agent for experimental colorectal cancer.
Keywords: nanoparticles, guar gum, celecoxib, colorectal cancer, release kinetics, cytotoxicity
Biochemical and Toxicological Evaluations of Aqueous Extract of Parquetina nigrescens (Afzel.) leaves on Mifepristone-induced Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Rats
Authors: Femi-olabisi Fehintoluwa Joy , Faokunla Opeyemi , Agboola Anthonia Oluyemi , Olorunyolemi Imoleayo Moses 
Published: April 2020

The biochemical and toxicological effects of aqueous extract of Parquetina nigrescens leaves (AEPNL) at the doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight on mifepristone-induced in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) was investigated in female Wistar rats. Sixty female Wistar rats (190.00 ± 13.00 g) were assigned into 6 groups (A - F) of ten each: animals in group A received 0.5 ml of distilled water orally on daily basis for 30 days while the mifepristonized rats in groups B, C, D and E also received orally 0.5 ml of distilled water, 7.14mg/kg of metformin (reference drug) and same volume of the extract corresponding to 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight of AEPNL respectively after which levels of some biochemical and toxicological indices were determined. AEPNL aggravated mifepristone-treatment related increases in albumin, total protein and liver aspartate aminotransferase activity and mitigated the increases in globulin, total bilirubin, urea, creatinine, liver and serum alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase activities, and no treatment-related histoarchitectural changes occurred in the liver, kidney and uterus of the female rats. Therefore, the aqueous extract of Parquetina nigrescens leaves attenuated and also aggravated some biochemical parameters in the serum, liver and kidney but with no histological changes in the liver, kidney and uterus of the mifepristonized female Wistar rats.
Keywords: Mifepristone, toxicology, Parquetina nigrescens, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, histology
Relation between low birth weight and Maternal blood lead levels in Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria: a case-control study
Authors: Demmouche Abbassia , Moussaoui Faiza 
Published: April 2020

Background: Several epidemiological studies have investigated high lead (Pb) exposure and pregnancy outcomes,but few studies have investigated the association of low lead exposure and low birth weight (LBW). The aims of this study were to estimate the maternal blood lead levels (BLL), to identify determinants for BLL among parturient woman and to evaluate the association of maternal BLL andLBW. Methods: From July 2017 to February 2018, we carried out a case control study in the genecology and obstetrics hospital of Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria. Lead concentrations in maternal blood samples collected at delivery were measured in 29mother who delivered term LBW cases group and 29mother who give birth to a term normal weight baby matched controls.Blood lead levels were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results: Mean maternal BLLwere higher among normal groups than in mothers of LBW, but this difference was not significant (23,076 ±16,120, versus 18,086 ± 6,641 ug/l p=0.247).Our results indicate that the mean lead level was nothigher in LBW neonates, and the whole blood lead was not related to the birth weight. In addition,there was interaction of daily kohl use and maternal BLL. Conclusion:This study suggeststhat maternal BLL was not significantly associated with LBW. Mothers with daily use of kohl during pregnancy were more likely to have elevate blood lead concentrations.
Keywords: case-control study, low birth weight, Algeria, lead, kohl.
Current Trend in Performance of Forced Degradation Studies for Drug Substance and Drug Product’s
Authors: Bhaskar Rajveer , Ola Monika , Agnihotri Vinit , Chavan Arjun , Girase Harpalsing 
Published: April 2020

The stability of a new drug substances and new drug products is a vital parameter which may affect purity, safety & potency. Changes in drug stability can threat patient safety by formation of toxic degradation products or deliver to lower dose than expected. Therefore it is to know the purity profile & behaviour of a drug substances under the various environmental condition. Forced Degradation studies show the chemical behavior of the molecule which in turn helps in the development of new formulation & package . Degradation study is required to the design of a regulatory compliant stability program for the both drug substances & products, and formalized as a regulatory requirement in ICH Guideline Q1A in 1993. Forced degradation studies (chemical and physical stress testing) of new chemical entities and drug product which is required to develop and demonstrate the specificity i.e stability indicating method. Forced degradation studies used to determination of the degradation pathways and degradation product of drug substances i.e during storage, development, manufacturing and packaging Thus , this review discusses the current trends in performance of forced degradation studies by provide the information about strategy for conducting the studies of forced degradation
Keywords: - Regulatory Guidelines (ICH, FDA, EMA), Degradation condition, Forced degradation, Degradation product.
Cost and Cost-effectiveness of Large-scale Screening for Type 1 Diabetes in Colorado
Authors: McQueen R. Brett , Geno Rasmussen Cristy , Waugh Kathleen , Frohnert Brigitte I. , Steck Andrea K. , Yu Liping , Baxter Judith , Rewers Marian 
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE
To assess the costs and project the potential lifetime cost-effectiveness of the ongoing Autoimmunity Screening for Kids (ASK) program, a large-scale, presymptomatic type 1 diabetes screening program for children and adolescents in the metropolitan Denver region.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We report the resource utilization, costs, and effectiveness measures from the ongoing ASK program compared with usual care (i.e., no screening). Additionally, we report a practical screening scenario by including utilization and costs relevant to routine screening in clinical practice. Finally, we project the potential cost-effectiveness of ASK and routine screening by identifying clinical benchmarks (i.e., diabetic ketoacidosis [DKA] events avoided, HbA1c improvements vs. no screening) needed to meet value thresholds of $50,000–$150,000 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained over a lifetime horizon.

RESULTS
Cost per case detected was $4,700 for ASK screening and $14,000 for routine screening. To achieve value thresholds of $50,000–$150,000 per QALY gained, screening costs would need to be offset by cost savings through 20% reductions in DKA events at diagnosis in addition to 0.1% (1.1 mmol/mol) improvements in HbA1c over a lifetime compared with no screening for patients who develop type 1 diabetes. Value thresholds were not met from avoiding DKA events alone in either scenario.

CONCLUSIONS
Presymptomatic type 1 diabetes screening may be cost-effective in areas with a high prevalence of DKA and an infrastructure facilitating screening and monitoring if the benefits of avoiding DKA events and improved HbA1c persist over long-run time horizons. As more data are collected from ASK, the model will be updated with direct evidence on screening effects.
Hospitalization for Lactic Acidosis Among Patients With Reduced Kidney Function Treated With Metformin or Sulfonylureas
Authors: Chu Patricia Y. , Hackstadt Amber J. , Chipman Jonathan , Griffin Marie R. , Hung Adriana M. , Greevy Robert A. , Grijalva Carlos G. , Elasy Tom , Roumie Christianne L. 
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE
To compare the risk of lactic acidosis hospitalization between patients treated with metformin versus sulfonylureas following development of reduced kidney function.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This retrospective cohort combined data from the National Veterans Health Administration, Medicare, Medicaid, and the National Death Index. New users of metformin or sulfonylureas were followed from development of reduced kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or serum creatinine ≥1.4 mg/dL [female] or 1.5 mg/dL [male]) through hospitalization for lactic acidosis, death, loss to follow-up, or study end. Lactic acidosis hospitalization was defined as a composite of primary discharge diagnosis or laboratory-confirmed lactic acidosis (lactic acid ≥2.5 mmol/L and either arterial blood pH &lt;7.35 or serum bicarbonate ≤19 mmol/L within 24 h of admission). We report the cause-specific hazard of lactic acidosis hospitalization between metformin and sulfonylureas from a propensity score–matched weighted cohort and conduct an additional competing risks analysis to account for treatment change and death.

RESULTS
The weighted cohort included 24,542 metformin users and 24,662 sulfonylurea users who developed reduced kidney function (median age 70 years, median eGFR 55.8 mL/min/1.73 m2). There were 4.18 (95% CI 3.63, 4.81) vs. 3.69 (3.19, 4.27) lactic acidosis hospitalizations per 1,000 person-years among metformin and sulfonylurea users, respectively (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.21 [95% CI 0.99, 1.50]). Results were consistent for both primary discharge diagnosis (aHR 1.11 [0.87, 1.44]) and laboratory-confirmed lactic acidosis (1.25 [0.92, 1.70]).

CONCLUSIONS
Among veterans with diabetes who developed reduced kidney function, occurrence of lactic acidosis hospitalization was uncommon and not statistically different between patients who continued metformin and those patients who continued sulfonylureas.