bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SFRP4 drives invasion in gastric cancer and is an early predictor of recurrence
Authors: Busuttil Rita A. , George Joshy , House Colin M. , Lade Stephen , Mitchell Catherine , Di Costanzo Natasha S. , Pattison Sharon , Huang Yu-Kuan , Tan Patrick , Cheong Jae-Ho , Rha Sun Young , Boussioutas Alex 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective
Gastric cancer patients generally have a poor outcome, particularly those with advanced-stage disease which is defined by the increased invasion of cancer locally and is associated with higher metastatic potential. This study aimed to identify genes that were functional in the most fundamental hallmark of cancer, namely invasion. We then wanted to assess their value as biomarkers of gastric cancer progression and recurrence.

Design
Data from a cohort of patients profiled on cDNA expression arrays was interrogated using K-means analysis. This genomic approach classified the data based on patterns of gene expression allowing the identification of the genes most correlated with the invasion of GC. We evaluated the functional role of a key protein from this analysis in invasion and as a biomarker of recurrence after curative resection.

Results
Expression of secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4) was identified as directly proportional to gastric cancer invasion. This finding was validated in multiple, independent datasets and its functional role in invasion was also confirmed using invasion assays. A change in serum levels of SFRP4 after curative resection, when coupled with AJCC stage, can accurately predict the risk of disease recurrence after curative therapy in an assay we termed PredictR.

Conclusions
This simple ELISA-based assay can help predict recurrence of disease after curative gastric cancer surgery irrespective of adjuvant therapy. The results require further evaluation in a prospective trial but would help in the rational prescription of cancer therapies and surveillance to prevent under or over treatment of patients after curative resection.
Element accumulation performance of living and dead lichens in a large-scale transplant application
Authors: Cecconi Elva , Fortuna Lorenzo , Peplis Marco , Tretiach Mauro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn bioaccumulation studies, sample devitalization through acid washing or oven drying is commonly applied to enhance the element accumulation efficiency of moss sample. Such aspect, however, has never been considered in biomonitoring surveys using lichens. In this study, the trace element accumulation performance of living (L) and dead (D) samples of the lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea was compared by a side-by-side transplanting at 40 sites in a large, mixed land use area of NE Italy for 8 weeks. Devitalization was achieved without any physico-chemical treatments, by storing lichen samples in a dark cool room for 18 months. Health status of lichens was assessed before and after the sample exposure by chlorophyll fluorescence emission. Although elemental analysis of the two exposed sample sets revealed a similar trace element pollution scenario, the content of 13 out of the 24 selected elements was higher in D samples. By expressing results as exposed-to-unexposed (EU) ratio, D samples show a higher bioaccumulation signal in 80% of transplant sites for Al, Ca, Fe, Hg, Pb and Ti. Overall, the health status of lichen samples might lead to interpretational discrepancies when EU ratio is classified according to the recently proposed bioaccumulation scale.
XDose: toward online cross-validation of experimental and computational X-ray dose estimation
Authors: Roser Philipp , Birkhold Annette , Preuhs Alexander , Ochs Philipp , Stepina Elizaveta , Strobel Norbert , Kowarschik Markus , Fahrig Rebecca , Maier Andreas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
As the spectrum of X-ray procedures has increased both for diagnostic and for interventional cases, more attention is paid to X-ray dose management. While the medical benefit to the patient outweighs the risk of radiation injuries in almost all cases, reproducible studies on organ dose values help to plan preventive measures helping both patient as well as staff. Dose studies are either carried out retrospectively, experimentally using anthropomorphic phantoms, or computationally. When performed experimentally, it is helpful to combine them with simulations validating the measurements. In this paper, we show how such a dose simulation method, carried out together with actual X-ray experiments, can be realized to obtain reliable organ dose values efficiently.

Methods
A Monte Carlo simulation technique was developed combining down-sampling and super-resolution techniques for accelerated processing accompanying X-ray dose measurements. The target volume is down-sampled using the statistical mode first. The estimated dose distribution is then up-sampled using guided filtering and the high-resolution target volume as guidance image. Second, we present a comparison of dose estimates calculated with our Monte Carlo code experimentally obtained values for an anthropomorphic phantom using metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor dosimeters.

Results
We reconstructed high-resolution dose distributions from coarse ones (down-sampling factor 2 to 16) with error rates ranging from 1.62 % to 4.91 %. Using down-sampled target volumes further reduced the computation time by 30 % to 60 %. Comparison of measured results to simulated dose values demonstrated high agreement with an average percentage error of under $$10 \%$$

10
%

for all measurement points.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that Monte Carlo methods can be accelerated hardware-independently and still yield reliable results. This facilitates empirical dose studies that make use of online Monte Carlo simulations to easily cross-validate dose estimates on-site.
Cardenolide and glucosinolate accumulation in shoot cultures of Erysimum crepidifolium Rchb.
Authors: Horn Elisa , Kemmler Yvonne , Kreis Wolfgang , Munkert Jennifer 
Published: December 2020

AbstractErysimum crepidifoliumRchb.is one of the few Brassicaceae species accumulating glucosinolates as well as cardenolides. This is possibly providing a selective advantage in evolution as both compounds are part of a chemical defense system. In order to study the biosynthesis of these compounds, a regeneration protocol forE. crepidifoliumusingin vitroshoot cultures derived from seeds has been developed. Murashige and Skoog (MS) culture medium supplemented with various combinations of cytokinins and auxins was used. MS medium containing NAA (naphthaleneacetic acid, 0.04 mg mL−1) and BAP (6-benzylaminopurine, 0.2·10−2 mg mL−1) proved to be optimal for root formation. Plantlets developed well on modified MS medium without the use of phytohormones. About 80% of the plantlets rootedin vitrodeveloped into intact plants after transfer to the greenhouse. Cardenolides (1.75 mg g−1dry weight (DW)) were detected in cultured shoots on solid DDV media while glucosinolates mainly accumulated in roots where 0.025 mg g−1FW were detected in shoots cultured on the same medium (DDV). The expression of twoprogesterone 5β-reductaseand threeΔ5-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenasegenes were measured in shoot cultures since the encoded enzymes are supposed to be involved in cardenolide biosynthesis.E. crepidifoliumshoot cultures propagated on solid media meet the necessary requirements,i.e., clonal homogeneity, product accumulation, and gene expression, for a suitable model to study cardenolide but not glucosinolate biosynthesis.
Not just “implementation”: the synergy of research and practice in an engineering research approach to educational design and development
Authors: Burkhardt Hugh , Schoenfeld Alan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper builds on a range of traditions in educational research and design to argue, with empirical evidence, that constructing powerful instructional materials and approaches that work at scale requires a grounding in theory and a commitment to engineering practice, including rapid prototyping and multiple development cycles. Specifically, we claim that improving practice within a reasonable timescale requires replicable materials that integrate: (1) grounding in robust aspects of theory from prior research, (2) design tactics that combine these core ideas with a design team’s creativity, along with (3) flexibility in the draft materials that affords adaptation across contexts, (4) rapid prototyping, followed by iterative refinement cycles in increasingly realistic circumstances, with (5) feedback from each round of trials that is rich and detailed enough to inform revision, and (6) continued refinement on the basis of post-implementation feedback ‘from the field’. Examples of successful implementation are analysed and related to the various roles that research-based theory and programmatic research-based methods of development can and should play in the complex process of turning insights from research into improvements in practice. In contrast, we shall argue that materials which are written and published without the development processes (4) to (6)—still the great majority—lack research validity for use at scale.
Assignment of the Ile, Leu, Val, Met and Ala methyl group resonances of the DEAD-box RNA helicase DbpA from E. coli
Authors: Wurm Jan Philip 
Published: December 2020

AbstractATP-dependent DEAD-box helicases constitute one of the largest families of RNA helicases and are important regulators of most RNA-dependent cellular processes. The functional core of these enzymes consists of two RecA-like domains. Changes in the interdomain orientation of these domains upon ATP and RNA binding result in the unwinding of double-stranded RNA. The DEAD-box helicase DbpA from E. coli is involved in ribosome maturation. It possesses a C-terminal RNA recognition motif (RRM) in addition to the canonical RecA-like domains. The RRM recruits DbpA to nascent ribosomes by binding to hairpin 92 of the 23S rRNA. To follow the conformational changes of Dbpa during the catalytic cycle we initiated solution state NMR studies. We use a divide and conquer approach to obtain an almost complete resonance assignment of the isoleucine, leucine, valine, methionine and alanine methyl group signals of full length DbpA (49 kDa). In addition, we also report the backbone resonance assignments of two fragments of DbpA that were used in the course of the methyl group assignment. These assignments are the first step towards a better understanding of the molecular mechanism behind the ATP-dependent RNA unwinding process catalyzed by DEAD-box helicases.
Zusammenhalt und Differenz
Authors: Bunk Benjamin , Sobottka Emil A. 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungEine wesentliche Debatte in Deutschland dreht sich um das Spannungsverhältnis von Zusammenhalt und Differenz, wie auch der Umgang mit Heterogenität seit jeher konstitutiv für die Sozialpädagogik ist. Vor dem Hintergrund von feinen Vereinnahmungen und Verschiebungen des sozialen Zusammenhaltes hier, wirft der Beitrag zunächst einen gesellschaftstheoretischen Blick auf die historisch wie aktuell umkämpfte Verfassung des Sozialen in Brasilien. Dort, wo das Soziale extrem ungleich ist und grobe Unterschiede herrschen, haben sich Ansätze Sozialer Arbeit herausgebildet, die sich der guten Bewältigung des sozialen Zusammenhaltes verschrieben haben, aber diesen von Erfahrungen der Differenz aus bearbeiten. Gerade weil sie individuelle Bildungsprozesse im Ringen um eine einseitig aufgekündigte Idee des Sozialen im Blick haben, zielen sie auf die Stärkung kollektiver Bewegungen, lokaler Wissenskulturen und alternativer (tradierter) Lebensweisen im urbanen wie im ländlichen Raum. Der Beitrag wendet daher den Blick, um anhand der versammelten Beiträge dieses Themenheftes vom Globalen Süden zu lernen sowie Brücken zur hiesigen Diskussion herauszuarbeiten. Sozialpädagogische Denkfiguren und postkoloniale Theorieansätze werden anhand der Frage verwickelt, wie man von einer Kritik der Verhältnisse zur guten Gestaltung von Praxis gelangt.
Watch Me Improve—Algorithm Aversion and Demonstrating the Ability to Learn
Authors: Berger Benedikt , Adam Martin , Rühr Alexander , Benlian Alexander 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOwing to advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and specifically in machine learning, information technology (IT) systems can support humans in an increasing number of tasks. Yet, previous research indicates that people often prefer human support to support by an IT system, even if the latter provides superior performance – a phenomenon called algorithm aversion. A possible cause of algorithm aversion put forward in literature is that users lose trust in IT systems they become familiar with and perceive to err, for example, making forecasts that turn out to deviate from the actual value. Therefore, this paper evaluates the effectiveness of demonstrating an AI-based system’s ability to learn as a potential countermeasure against algorithm aversion in an incentive-compatible online experiment. The experiment reveals how the nature of an erring advisor (i.e., human vs. algorithmic), its familiarity to the user (i.e., unfamiliar vs. familiar), and its ability to learn (i.e., non-learning vs. learning) influence a decision maker’s reliance on the advisor’s judgement for an objective and non-personal decision task. The results reveal no difference in the reliance on unfamiliar human and algorithmic advisors, but differences in the reliance on familiar human and algorithmic advisors that err. Demonstrating an advisor’s ability to learn, however, offsets the effect of familiarity. Therefore, this study contributes to an enhanced understanding of algorithm aversion and is one of the first to examine how users perceive whether an IT system is able to learn. The findings provide theoretical and practical implications for the employment and design of AI-based systems.
Influence of linear-sprint performance, concentric power and maximum strength on change of direction performance in elite youth soccer players
Authors: Kadlubowski Björn , Keiner Michael , Stefer Tobias , Kapsecker Andreas , Hartmann Hagen , Wirth Klaus 
Published: December 2020

AbstractChange of direction (COD) performance has an essential role in soccer. In the literature, there is a wide range of explained variance in correlation analyses between linear-sprint performance, concentric power and maximum strength and COD performance. Therefore this study has (1) analyzed the influence of linear-sprint performance, concentric power and maximum strength on COD performance in elite youth soccer players and (2) compared the calculated influence on the different COD tests. To answer the research questions, 67 elite youth soccer players were tested. The linear-sprint (10 m, [LS]) performance, concentric power (squat jump [SJ]) and maximum strength (1 repetition maximum [1 RM]) and COD (measured via the Illinois agility test [IAT], the 505 agility test [505], the agility test of the German Soccer Association [GewT], and the triangle test [TriT]) were assessed. The Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship. Benjamini and Hochberg’s method, which was used to control the study-wise false discovery rate, was 0.05. The LS performance had the greatest impact on COD performance with a wide range of explained variance between the different COD tests (r2 = 0.18 to 0.39). However, SJ compared to LS performance had lower influence, but also a wide range of explained variance (r2 = −0.02 to −0.29). Correlations for 1 RM and COD test were calculated with r2 = −0.01 to −0.09. Thus, (1) the greater the similarity between the performance tests (i.e., LS, SJ, 1 RM) and the COD tests, the higher the explained variance between the variables in question. Furthermore, (2) as the different COD tests are affected to different degrees by linear-sprint, concentric power and maximum strength performance, it might be concluded that the tests have a different physiological requirement profile. Therefore, coaches and sport scientists must review and select different tests with logical validity, based on the requirement profiles of soccer.
Sustaining the current or pursuing the new: incumbent digital transformation strategies in the financial service industry
Authors: Dehnert Maik 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDigital transformation (DT) is a major challenge for traditional companies. Despite the term, DT is relatively new; its substance is not: a whole stream of research has examined the relationship between DT and firm performance with contradictory findings. Most of these studies have chosen a linear correlational approach, however, did not analyze the holistic interplay of DT dimensions, leading to firm performance. This applies especially to the mature financial services industry and the future perspectives of traditional financial service providers (FSP). Hence, it remains an open question for both research and practice what DT configurations have a positive impact on firm performance. Against this background, the aim of this exploratory study is to examine how DT dimensions are systemically connected to firm performance of incumbent FSP. Drawing on a qualitative-empirical research approach with case data from 83 FSP, we identify digital configurations along different levels of firm performance. Our findings suggest an evolution of digital configurations of FSP, leading to five empirical standard types from which only one managed to establish a profound basis of DT.
Perplexing complexity human modelling and primacy of the group as essence of complexity
Authors: Hanappi Hardy 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper describes the emergence of complexity as duplicated evolutionary process. The first procedural source of complexity is the quantum jump of the evolution of the human species when it started to maintain certain brain-internal models of its environment. The second—parallel—procedural origin is the evolution of a communication structure, a language, with which an already existing group of primates could frame their internal models. In contrast to definitions of complexity which use the concept in the context of theoretical physics, this approach reveals some perplexing properties of model building for a special subject of investigation, namely the human species. All adequate models of political economy (economics is just the sub-discipline that freezes political dynamics) have to be complex. Since today’s mainstream economic theory lends its formal apparatus from the mathematics of Newtonian physics, it misses the most essential features characterizing human social dynamics, i.e. its complexity. On the other hand, a formal definition of complexity by mathematicians, e.g. the one provided by Princeton Companion to Mathematics, sometimes falls short of the inspirations gained by closely observing biological systems. What is needed thus is transdisciplinary research. The first part of the paper takes Erwin Schrödinger’s book ‘What is Life?’ as a starting point for this issue. In this part, several—sometimes highly speculative—suggestions on how to proceed are presented. The following second part then identifies two central obstacles that turn out to be overcome:First, scientific research in this field always has to come up with a synthesis that states what is essential. A wealth of singular islands of knowledge isolated in their domains is unsatisfactory.Second, the modelling of political economy dynamics as a complex system has to be rooted in an understanding of how living systems in their deepest structure work. The daring hypothesis put forward is that such an understanding can be enabled by letting quantum theoretic reasoning revolutionize the formal language of the social sciences.
Asymptotic variance of Newton–Cotes quadratures based on randomized sampling points
Authors: Stehr Mads , Kiderlen Markus 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe consider the problem of numerical integration when the sampling nodes form a stationary point process on the real line. In previous papers it was argued that a naïve Riemann sum approach can cause a severe variance inflation when the sampling points are not equidistant. We show that this inflation can be avoided using a higher-order Newton–Cotes quadrature rule which exploits smoothness properties of the integrand. Under mild assumptions, the resulting estimator is unbiased and its variance asymptotically obeys a power law as a function of the mean point distance. If the Newton–Cotes rule is of sufficiently high order, the exponent of this law turns out to only depend on the point process through its mean point distance. We illustrate our findings with the stereological estimation of the volume of a compact object, suggesting alternatives to the well-established Cavalieri estimator.
Effects of whole-body vibration on motor function in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: He Chuan , Su Caixia , Zhang Wentong , Wan Qi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjective:To review the effects of whole body vibration for patients with Parkinson’s disease.Design:Randomized clinical trials comparing whole body vibration with no vibration or conventional physical therapy for patients with Parkinson’s disease were searched up to July 31, 2019.Results:Seven studies with 196 patients were included for quantitative analysis. No significant difference was found between groups in motor score of unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale (UPDRS-III) (WMD [weighted mean difference] = −1.75, 95% CI, −5.40 to 1.90, I2= 45.8%), functional reach test (SMD [standardized mean difference] = 0.21, 95% CI, −0.29 to 0.71; I2= 0%), and other balance tests (including Berg balance test and Tinetti score) (SMD = 0.39, 95% CI, −0.01 to 0.80; I2= 0%). No statistical difference was detected in walking velocity as well (WMD = −0.05, 95% CI, −0.17 to 0.06; I2= 0%). In contrast, the pooled analysis from four studies on the Time Up and Go test showed favorable results for whole body vibration (WMD = −1.59, 95% CI, −2.90 to −0.28, I2= 0%).Conclusion:Whole body vibration may not be beneficial over placebo or conventional physical therapy in overall motor function, balance, and walking velocity in patients with Parkinson’s disease. However, it might have positive effects on sit to stand transitions or turning.
Decompositions and measures on countable Borel equivalence relations
Authors: CHEN RUIYUAN 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe show that the uniform measure-theoretic ergodic decomposition of a countable Borel equivalence relation

$(X, E)$
may be realized as the topological ergodic decomposition of a continuous action of a countable group

$\Gamma \curvearrowright X$
generating E. We then apply this to the study of the cardinal algebra

$\mathcal {K}(E)$
of equidecomposition types of Borel sets with respect to a compressible countable Borel equivalence relation

$(X, E)$
. We also make some general observations regarding quotient topologies on topological ergodic decompositions, with an application to weak equivalence of measure-preserving actions.