bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Choix de l’âge à la castration en production de viande bovine semi-intensive
Authors: MULLER A. , MICOL D. , PECCATTE J.R. , DOZIAS D. 
Published: August 2020

La production de bovins à viande à partir de ressources herbagères utilise essentiellement des animaux mâles castrés. Le fait que l’animal entier présente un potentiel de croissance supérieur a conduit à recommander, pour cette production, un âge à la castration tardif au risque de pénaliser fortement l’animal, lors de cette opération, s’il atteint un développement déjà important. Le but des études conduites au Domaine INRA du Pin au Haras a été de préciser les effets d’une castration à 9 ou à 13 mois sur la production de boeufs à partir d’herbe. Ce facteur a été étudié en interrelation avec d’autres facteurs d’élevage au cours de trois essais consécutifs : précocité des génotypes des animaux, niveau d’alimentation au cours de l’hiver, âge à l’abattage. Il ressort globalement que l’âge à la castration dans la plage étudiée modifie assez peu les caractéristiques finales des animaux. De nombreuses interactions avec les autres facteurs étudiés et des compensations entre les diverses périodes de la vie productive semblent réduire les effets attendus de l’âge à la castration. Cependant les carcasses des animaux castrés les plus tard semblent présenter un état d’engraissement moindre à l’abattage. En définitive, au sein des élevages, le choix de l’âge à la castration aux environs d’un an dépendra surtout de la faisabilité et de la pénibilité de l’opération pour l’animal.
Aspect clinique et fréquence des boiteries du dindon de chair
Authors: CHEREL Y. , RESCH C. , WYERS M. 
Published: August 2020

Les troubles locomoteurs ont été étudiés chez le dindon de 15 semaines en décrivant la position et la marche d’animaux normaux puis en analysant les différences observées chez les animaux boiteux. Les différents troubles peuvent être classés en 7 groupes : le premier correspond à des anomalies exclusivement dynamiques (tremblements et couchés fréquents), deux groupes sont caractérisés par des malpositions des genoux (écartement bilatéral des genoux, écartement unilatéral d’un genou), trois groupes sont caractérisés par des malpositions des pieds (rotation externe des pieds, déplacement médio-crânial du pied, déviation médiale du pied) et un groupe est caractérisé par des déviations latérales des membres. La fréquence des boiteries, estimée dans 22 élevages, est de 52 % + 15 %. L’intensité des troubles est indépendante de la fréquence. Les troubles locomoteurs de la dinde en croissance semblent très différents des déformations osseuses associées au varus ou au valgus qui sont observées chez le poulet.
Les élevages de bovins allaitants spécialisés sont profondément affectés par la crise bovine. Evolution 1989/90 et à plus long terme d’un groupe d’élevages du Charolais Central. Première analyse sommaire
Authors: LHERM M. , BÉBIN D. , LIÉNARD G. 
Published: August 2020

Après seulement deux années de répit (1988-1989), la production de viande bovine française et européenne, entre à nouveau, en 1990, dans une nouvelle crise, qui se manifeste par une importante chute des cours (- 7 % entre 1989 et 1990, - 15 % en été 1991). Celle-ci affecte particulièrement les exploitations spécialisées ayant des vaches allaitantes, compromettant leur avenir. L’étude présente l’évolution des résultats technico-économiques d’un groupe de 95 élevages charolais des zones herbagères centrales françaises (Nièvre, Creuse, Saône-et-Loire, Allier) disposant de bonnes structures de production (119 hectares, 63 vaches, 120 UGB). Le revenu chute de 27 % entre 1989 et 1990, malgré les aides, et malgré une augmentation de la productivité du travail, qui atteint en moyenne 18 000 kg de viande vive par travailleur. L’analyse de l’évolution à long terme de ces exploitations montre une forte augmentation de la production de viande par UTH (+ 40 % en Nièvre entre 1978 et 1990, + 32 % en Creuse entre 1981 et 1990) obtenue grâce à une amélioration du chargement des surfaces fourragères et surtout à l’agrandissement continu des exploitations. Ceci n’a pas empêché une baisse des revenus, de l’ordre de 21 % par rapport à 1978 et de 30 % par rapport à 1981. Comment, dans ces conditions, résoudre le problème de la capitalisation nécessaire pour accroître le cheptel et réaliser les équipements indispensables à une bonne efficacité du travail, et pour permettre la transmission des entreprises, sans générer un endettement excessif qui hypothèque l’avenir ? Dans ces régions où domine l’herbe, les solutions de remplacement moins exigeantes en capitaux, rencontrent également des difficultés économiques, que ce soient les ovins dont le prix (en francs constants) a été divisé par 2 en 10 ans, ou les céréales et les oléoprotéagineux dont les rendements sont aléatoires et les prix également en baisse tendancielle. Les mesures d’extensification proposées par la CEE sont également mal adaptées à ces zones déjà peu productives. Des mesures spécifiques seraient nécessaires pour préserver ces exploitations qui représentent un potentiel de viande de qualité et qui constituent la base de l’entretien du territoire et du maintien de la vie sociale de ces zones défavorisées.
Maîtrise de la composition du lait : influence des facteurs nutritionnels sur la quantité et les taux de matières grasses et protéiques
Authors: HODEN A. , COULON J.B. 
Published: August 2020

La composition chimique du lait dépend de facteurs liés à l’animal et au milieu. Parmi ces derniers, l’alimentation joue un rôle important : elle permet d’agir à court terme et de manière différente sur les taux de matières grasses et de protéines. Le taux protéique varie dans le même sens que les apports énergétiques (+ 0,6 g/kg par UFL supplémentaire aux alentours des recommandations). Il peut aussi être amélioré par des apports spécifiques en acides aminés (lysine et méthionine). Il est presque toujours diminué par l’adjonction de lipides, même protégés, dans la ration. Le taux butyreux dépend à la fois de la part d’aliment concentré dans la ration (et, quand celle-ci est élevée, de la nature de ces aliments concentrés), et du mode de présentation et de distribution de la ration (finesse de hachage, nombre de repas, mélange des aliments). Il peut être sensiblement augmenté par l’utilisation de certains aliments (ensilage de maïs, betteraves, lactosérum) ou additifs (substances tampons, monopropylène glycol). Il est donc possible de modifier sensiblement et dans des sens opposés le taux butyreux et le taux protéique. Dans l’avenir, des moyens synthétiques et objectifs d’appréciation de la qualité des rations (indice de fibrosité) devraient permettre d’améliorer la gestion des variations de ces taux.
Gene Expression Profile Associated With Neural Tube Defects Among Infants Attending Muhimbili National Hospital And Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute In Tanzania
Authors: Sadallah Mariam , Assenga Evelyne Neema , Pallangyo Charles , Manji Karim 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Neural tube defects (NTDs) are severe congenital anomalies of the central nervous system. The specific cause is not known, though several factors including gene variants involving the folate metabolism have been implicated in the etiology. This study aimed at identifying the gene expression profile of selected genes known to be associated with NTDs among infants attending Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) and Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute (MOI).Methods: We conducted a matched case control study involving infants who were attending MNH and MOI during 6 months of the study period. Each case was matched with two controls by gestational age, sex and birth weight. Whole blood samples were collected from all study participants for genetic analysis. Total RNA was isolated using Qiagen RNA blood mini kit, and reversed transcribed into complementary DNA (cDNA) using Super Script II Reverse Transcriptase cDNA Synthesis kit. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed on extracted cDNA by a Light Thermal Cycler 480 machine using specific primers for studied genes to determine their expression levels. Results were analysed by GraphPad Prism 5Software, using Student t-test, and Bonferroni post hoc statistical tests. A p value of < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: The study recruited 50 cases and 100 controls. Among eight studied genes, we found significantly low expression of Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [MTHFR] gene among cases than controls (p=0.006). Expression of others genes were having variations and expressed at very low levels in both cases and controls.Conclusions: A low expression level of MTHFR gene was a significant risk factor for the occurrence of NTDs amongst infants attending MNH and MOI. We recommend gene expression analysis to be done on mothers of infants with NTDs to identify those at risk; and further mutational analysis to be done to enhance genetic counseling and therefore to prevent recurrence of NTDs.
Community outreach with families of children 0 to 5 years of age: Perceived practices and impacts in Eastern Townships, Quebec, Canada
Authors: Roy Mathieu , Lavoie-Trudeau Étienne , Roy Marie-Andrée , Clapperton Irma , Couturier Yves , Lane Julie , Bibeau Linda , Ouellette Myrthô , Camden Chantal 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Backgound: Community outreach workers support individuals accessing healthcare and other services useful to respond to their needs. Even though community outreach workers have been working in the province of Quebec (Canada) for the past 40 years, their practice is poorly documented (especially for families having children aged 0 to 5 years). Methods: To document community outreach practice and its perceived impacts for children and families, a content analysis was performed on 55 scientific and grey literature documents, 24 individual interviews, and 3 focus groups including parents, community outreach workers, healthcare employees, and inter-sectoral partners. Results: Three main themes were highlighted: 1) characteristics of the population served, 2) concrete actions performed by community outreach workers, and 3) perceived impacts of community outreach on families and children. Community outreach workers were perceived to be essential for reaching out families with vulnerable circumstances and children with special needs. With respect to actions, community outreach workers were reported to tailor their interventions to respond in different but complementary ways to the healthcare system. Perceived impacts included increased access for children and families to services, decreased social isolation, increased parental abilities, increased social capital of families, and confidence towards the healthcare system. Conclusions: Results also showed that community outreach workers helped to reduce social inequalities in health. This social practice helped to augment the capacity of the healthcare system to fulfill its legal mandate to protect citizen and increase health and well-being. It is crucial that community outreach practices and proximity approaches be encouraged and sustained.
Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus Associated Chronic Kidney Disease in Ethnically Diverse Backgrounds in Western Sydney
Authors: Prasad Sathvik , Hng Tien-Ming , Maberly Glen , Wong Germaine , Meyerwitz-Katz Gideon 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Past research has demonstrated that ethnically diverse backgrounds have a greater risk of Diabetes Mellitus and/or Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), which both contribute significantly to the disease burden placed on the Australian Healthcare system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in DM associated CKD between ethnicities in Western Sydney, NSW Australia, which is known to be an ethnically diverse geographical region.Method: Using data from Blacktown and Mt Druitt Hospitals and a retrospective approach, individuals with diabetes and CKD were identified based on HbA1c and eGFR results. Using univariate analysis and past research, a logistic regression modelling was carried out on the data to identify relationships between ethnicity and DM associated CKD.Results: Out of 73,001 observations, 24,009 individuals were included in the analysis with 3,934 individuals with HbA1c consistent with diabetes and kidney function at eGFR at Stage 2 and above. 47% were female and 53% were males and the median age was 76 ± 12 years. Using a forward-method model building process, ethnicity was compared to a reference of Caucasian. The model showed that Pacific Islanders have the most risk (OR: 5.63, p < 0.001, CI: 4.78–6.65) compared to other ethnicities. Age has an 11% increased risk per year (OR: 1.11, p < 0.001, CI: 1.1–1.11), men were at a 53% greater risk (OR: 1.53, p < 0.001, CI: 1.14–1.67) and Aboriginal/Torres Strait Islanders were 76% more likely to have DM associated CKD (OR: 1.76, p < 0.001, CI: 1.33–2.32). Increased socioeconomic status resulted in a 11% decreased risk in DM associated CKD (OR: 0.82, p < 0.001, CI: 0.79–0.86) and smoking status, interestingly, also has an 18% lower risk of DM associated CKD (OR: 0.81, p = 0.005, CI: 0.71–0.92)Conclusion: The results show a clear difference in risk between ethnicities in DM associated CKD and its associated risk factors. These differences should be accounted for when considering interventions for at risk communities.
Clinical and Endoscopic Characteristics of Chinese Cronkhite-Canada Syndrome Patients: A Retrospective Study of 103 cases
Authors: Lu Yuanyuan , Huang Fengxing , Wang Youwei , Zhou Juan , Zhao Qiu , Liu Lan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Cronkhite-Canada syndrome (CCS) is a rare non-inherited disease characterized by extensive gastrointestinal polyposis and ectodermal dysplasia. Its etiology still remains indefinite to us. Currently, the diagnosis is mainly based on typical clinical manifestations and endoscopic features. However, there is a lack of these information from Chinese CCS patients. Our study was to investigate the clinical and endoscopic characteristics of Chinese CCS patients. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in 103 Chinese CCS patients (102 cases from literature and 1 case from our department). Their clinical and endoscopic data were collected, and statistical analyses were performed. Results: 1) In Chinese population, people aged 50-70 years (62.62%) had a high incidence of CCS, and the ratio of male-to-female was 2.68:1. 2) The diverse range of gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations were observed in all the patients, and the most common symptoms were weight loss (98.80%) and loss of appetite (93.94%). Almost all the patients had at least one symptom of ectodermal dysplasias. 3) All CCS patients presented multiple polyps in the GI tract except esophagus. The size of polyps varied from 0.5 cm (88.64%) to 0.6-1.0 cm (81.82%) . The polyps were various in shapes, the most of them were nodular polyps (58.14%) ,what’s more,the sessile polyps were the most common(90.24%). Congestion, edema and erosion were very common on the surface of polyps (96.83%) and the surrounding mucosa (85.71%) . 4) The common pathological features of polyps were hyperplastic polyps (49.25%) and tubular adenomatous polyps (44.78%). There is only 5.97% cancer reported. Conclusions: middle-aged and elderly people are the high-risk group; various gastrointestinal symptoms are observed in Chinese patients; the typical endoscopic finding is multiple small sessile polyps; these gastrointestinal polyps has a chance of malignant potential. Long-term endoscopic surveillance and follow-up are recommended for the CCS patients in China.
Genetic Risk Score for Ovarian Cancer Based on Chromosomal-scale Length Variation
Authors: Toh Chris , Brody James 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction.Twin studies indicate thata substantial fraction of ovarian cancers should be predictable from genetic testing. Genetic risk scores can stratify women into different classes of risk. Higher risk women can be treated or screened for ovarian cancer, which should reduce overall death rates due to ovarian cancer. However, current ovarian cancer genetic risk scores, based on SNPs, do not work that well. We developed a genetic risk score based on structural variation, quantified by variations in the length of chromosomes.Methods. We evaluated this genetic risk score using data collected by The Cancer Genome Atlas. From this dataset, we synthesized a dataset of 414 women who had ovarian serous carcinoma and 4225 women who had no form of ovarian cancer. We characterized each woman by 22 numbers, representing the length of each chromosome in their germ line DNA. We used a gradient boosting machine, a machine learning algorithm, to build a classifier that can predict whether a woman had been diagnosed with ovarian cancer in this dataset.Results. The genetic risk score based on chromosomal-scale length variation could stratify women such that the highest 20% had a 160x risk (95% confidence interval 50x-450x) compared to the lowest 20%. The genetic risk score we developed had an area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.88 (estimated 95% confidence interval 0.86-0.91).Conclusion. A genetic risk score based on chromosomal-scale length variation of germ line DNA provides an effective means of predicting whether or not a woman will develop ovarian cancer.
Influence of IL-6 and TNF-α on clinical manifestations, activity and comorbidity in a group of patients with psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Montilla Carlos , Luis Gómez-Lechón , Toledano Esther , Acosta Elisa , Compán Olga , Pastor Sonia , Hidalgo Cristina , Manzano Guadalupe , Queiró Rubén 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objectives

To relate the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) with the clinical variants, the disease activity and the presence of comorbidities.
Methods

Cross-sectional observational study that included 184 patients with PsA according to CASPAR criteria. IL-6 and TNF-α levels were determined. As clinical variables, the clinical form (peripheral, axial or mixed), the presence of dactylitis, the severity of psoriasis measured by PASI and HLA-B27 were determined. Disease activity was measured by the tender joint count, swollen joint count, entheses affected, the severity of psoriasis measured by PASI, ESR, and CRP. The minimum disease activity (MDA) was also measured. Cardiovascular risk markers such as waist /hip ratio (w/ h) and analytical variables: apolipoprotein A, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein a, insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-R) and microalbuminuria in urine 24 hours (MA) were included in comorbidity. The presence of fatty liver was measured by ultrasound and fatigue by the FACIT-F questionnaire.
Results

The mean age of the patients was 55.12 years (SD: 11.29). One hundred and one were men (54.89%). 14.67% of the patients were on treatment with biologic DMARD (bDMARD). One hundred and two patients had peripheral involvement (55.43%), 69 mixed (37.5%) and 13 (7.07%) exclusively axial. 17.93% of the patients had a positive HLA-B27. 53.26% of the patients achieved a MDA. In the analysis of IL-6, we found a correlation with CRP (R: 0.32; P = 0.001), in addition, in patients with positive HLA-B27 we found lower concentrations of IL-6 (3.25 + 2, 26 Vs 5.81 + 7.23) -p < 0.001). We found no association with other variables related to inflammatory activity and / or comorbidity. TNF-α concentrations were higher in patients receiving TNF-α inhibitors ((178.89 SD: 181.31 vs 10.42 SD: 11.15; P < 0.001). Excluding these patients, we only found a correlation with the MA (R: 0.39; p < 0.001).
Conclusions

In our patients, the presence of HLA-B27 influenced IL-6 concentrations. TNF-α could be considered as a marker of subclinical renal damage.
“I have SMA, SMA doesn’t have me”- A Qualitative Snapshot Into the Challenges, Successes, and Quality of Life of Sma Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Mazzella Allison Joy , Curry Mary , Belter Lisa , Cruz Rosangel , Jarecki Jill 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: With the approval of two treatments for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and several promising therapies on the horizon, the SMA adolescent and young adult populations are expected to evolve in the coming years. It is imperative to understand this cohort as it exists today to provide optimal care and resources, as well as to assess possible treatment effects over time. In 2018, Cure SMA launched two initiatives geared towards understanding adolescents and young adults with SMA, ages 12-25. First, Cure SMA launched a clinical meaningfulness survey to capture information, quantitatively and qualitatively, on the quality-of-life of this population. Concurrently, Cure SMA invited SMA-affected individuals, ages 12-25, to create a three-minute video on their everyday experiences living with SMA. An inductive thematic analysis of the open-ended section in the survey along with the video contest findings are reported here.Results: Eighty-five individuals — 6 type Is, 58 type IIs, and 21 type IIIs — completed the open-ended section of the survey, while six individuals, mostly type II, participated in the SMA awareness video contest. In both settings, individuals detailed a wide variety of challenges, including but not limited to forming or maintaining close relationships, feelings of isolation, challenges with accessibility, independence, and dealing with the stigma of being perceived as mentally disabled. Individuals also discussed their successes, including but not limited to higher education enrollment and attendance, development of quality friendships, and perseverance through obstacles. Additionally, in the survey, an overwhelming number of respondents (39%) requested the creation of an SMA peer support group in efforts to connect with each other as well as collectively navigate the aforementioned challenges they face. Conclusion: Together, these findings provide a rare glimpse into the unique mindsets, challenges and motivations of SMA adolescents and young adults, via patient-reported measures instead of caregiver proxy. The adolescent and young adult age demographics assessed represent a critical transition period in life and in SMA care. No one understands the needs of an adolescent or young adult with SMA better than the individuals themselves, and it is critical to capture their insights in order to affect change.