bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unilateral Lateral Rectus Recession is an Effective Surgery for Intermittent Exotropia in Young Children
Authors: Spierer Oriel , Spierer Abraham 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Different surgical methods have been suggested for the correction of intermittent exotropia. Unilateral lateral rectus recession has been described as a surgical alternative for small and moderate-angle exotropia. In general, previous studies did not focus on the outcomes of unilateral lateral rectus recession in young children with intermittent exotropia. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the surgical outcomes of unilateral lateral rectus recession in the treatment of moderate-angle exotropia (≤25 PD (prism diopters)) in children.Methods: The charts of all patients younger than 12 years of age with moderate-angle exotropia (up to 25 PD) who were operated during the years 2006-2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Fifty-eight patients underwent unilateral lateral rectus recession and had a minimum follow up of 6 months. The angle of exotropia (PD) before and after surgery and the success rate were documented.Results: Mean age at surgery was 6.4 ± 1.9 (range 3.5–11.0) years. Exotropia improved from a preoperative angle of 21.4 ± 4.0 PD to 3.5 ± 5.9 PD postoperatively (p < 0.001). Success rate, defined as deviation of ≤ 10 PD, was achieved in 86.2%. There were 2 (3.4%) cases of overcorrection (consecutive esotropia). There were no intra- or postoperative complications. The mean follow-up duration after surgery was 2.3 ± 1.7 years. Conclusion: In children with moderate angle exotropia, good postoperative success rate was achieved by performing unilateral lateral rectus recession.
Identification of the First Highly Selective Inhibitor of Human Lactate Dehydrogenase B
Authors: shibata sachio , Sogabe Satoshi , Miwa Masanori , Fujimoto Takuya , Takakura Nobuyuki , Naotsuka Akihiko , Kitamura Shuji , Kawamoto Tomohiro , Soga Tomoyoshi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) catalyses the conversion of pyruvate to lactate and NADH to NAD+ and has two isoforms, LDHA and LDHB. LDHA is a promising target for cancer therapy, whereas LDHB is necessary for basal autophagy and cancer cell proliferation in oxidative and glycolytic cancer cells. To our knowledge, selective inhibitors for LDHB have yet to be reported. Here, we developed a high-throughput mass spectrometry screening system using an LDHB enzyme assay by detecting NADH and NAD+. The screening campaign identified a small-molecule LDHB selective inhibitor AXKO-0046, an indole derivative. It exhibited uncompetitive LDHB inhibition (IC50 = 42 nM). X-ray crystallography identified its binding with the potential allosteric site away from the LDHB catalytic active site, suggesting that targeting the tetramerization interface of the two dimers is critical for enzymatic activity. AXKO-0046 and its derivatives can be used to validate LDHB-associated pathways in cancer metabolism.
Removal of heavy metals using a wetland batch system with Carrizo (Phragmites Australis)
Authors: Guzman Maribel , Romero Maggy , Flores Michael , Bravo Sebastian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
One of the greatest environmental issues related to the development of the mining activity is the generation of Acid Mine Drainage (AMD). This effluent generated by active and abandoned mines in Peru produces multiple discussions about the role of the industry for a sustainable development. Many methods have been developed for AMD treatment, being wetlands a good option for heavy metal removal. In this sense, removal of heavy metal by using laboratory constructed wetlands with Phragmites Australis was studied. During a 9-day period the variation of different physicochemical parameters and heavy metals concentrations was recorded. The pH decreased to a constant value of 8.24 after the sixth day. The electrical conductivity presented a slight variation from 1 to 1.33 µS cm-1 on the ninth day. Moreover, fluctuating values of Dissolved Oxygen and Turbidity were observed. A reduction between 69% and 93% of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) was registered. Cu concentration was reduced in 68% and 87%; Zn concentrations dropped in 53% and 95%; and Pb was reduced in 20% and 55%. It was concluded that Phragmites Australis can be an alternative in the treatment of the contaminants produced by AMD.
A moon-sized, highly magnetised and rapidly rotating white dwarf may be headed toward collapse
Authors: Caiazzo Ilaria , Burdge Kevin , Fuller James , Heyl Jeremy , Kulkarni Shri , Prince Thomas , Richer Harvey , Schwab Josiah , Andreoni Igor , Drake Andrew , Duev Dmitry , Helou George , Mahabal Ashish , Masci Frank , Smith Roger , Soumagnac Maayane 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
White dwarfs represent the last stage of evolution for low and intermediate-mass stars (below about 8 times the mass of our Sun), and like their stellar progenitors, they are often found in binaries. If the orbital period of the binary is short enough, energy losses from gravitational wave radiation can shrink the orbit until the two white dwarfs come into contact and merge. Depending on the masses of the coalescing white dwarfs, the merger can lead to a supernova of type Ia, or it can give birth to a massive white dwarf. In the latter case, the white dwarf remnant is expected to be highly magnetised due to the strong dynamo that may arise during the merger, and rapidly rotating due to conservation of the orbital angular momentum of the binary. Here we report the discovery of a white dwarf, ZTF J190132.9+145808.7, which presents all these properties, but to an extreme: a rotation period of 6.94 minutes, one of the shortest measured for an isolated white dwarf, a magnetic field ranging between 600 MG and 900 MG over its surface, one of the highest fields ever detected on a white dwarf, and a stellar radius of
1810 km, slightly larger than the radius of the Moon.
Such a small radius implies the star's mass is the closest ever detected to the white dwarf maximum mass, or Chandrasekhar mass. In fact, as the white dwarf cools and its composition stratifies, it may become unstable and collapse due to electron capture, exploding into a thermonuclear supernova or collapsing into a neutron star. Neutron stars born in this fashion could account for 10% of their total population.
Transition of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients from Pediatric to Adult Care: An Observational Study on a Joint-Visits Approach
Authors: Corsello Antonio , Pugliese Daniela , Bracci Fiammetta , Knafelz Daniela , Papadatou Bronislava , Aloi Marina , Cucchiara Salvatore , Guidi Luisa , Gasbarrini Antonio , Armuzzi Alessandro 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundTransition from pediatric to adult care of patients affected by Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a critical step that needs specific care and multidisciplinary involvement. The aim of our study was to evaluate the outcome of the transition process of a cohort of IBD patients, exploring their readiness and the consequent impact on quality of life.MethodsThis observational study followed transitioned patients up for a minimum of 18 months after the beginning of transition process, from January 2014 to April 2019. Transition was carried-out through joint visits pediatricians and adult gastroenterologists. Clinical data before and after transition were collected. A subgroup of patients was submitted to an anonymous online questionnaire of 38 items drawn up based on the validated questionnaires TRAQ and SIBDQ within the first 6 months from the beginning of transition process.ResultsEighty-two patients with IBD were enrolled, with a mean age at transition of 20.2±2.7 years. Before transition, 40.2% of patients already had major surgery and 64.6% started biologics. At transition, 24% of patients were in moderate to severe active phase of their disease and 40% of them had already been treated with ≥ 2 biologics. The mean value of the TRAQ questionnaires was 3.4±0.5 and the mean score of SIBDQ was 53.9±9.8. A significant association was found between a TRAQ mean score > 3 and a SIBDQ > 50 (p=0.0129). Overall, 75% of patients had a positive opinion of the transition model adopted.ConclusionsA strong association has been found between TRAQ and SIBDQ questionnaires, showing how transition readiness has a direct impact on the quality of life of the young adult with IBD.
Phylogenetic analysis of the caspase family in bivalves: implications for programmed cell death, immune response and development
Authors: Vogeler Susanne , Carboni Stefano , Li Xiaoxu , Joyce Alyssa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Apoptosis is an important process for an organism’s innate immune system to respond to pathogens, while also allowing for cell differentiation and other essential life functions. Caspases are one of the key protease enzymes involved in the apoptotic process, however there is currently a very limited understanding of bivalve caspase diversity and functions. Results: In this work, we investigated the presence of caspase homologs using a combination of bioinformatics and phylogenetic analyses. We blasted the Crassostrea gigas genome for caspase homologs and identified thirty-five potential homologs in the addition to the already cloned twenty-three bivalve caspases. As such, we present information about the phylogenetic relationship of all identified bivalve caspases in relation to their homology to well-established vertebrate and invertebrate caspases. Our results reveal unexpected novelty and complexity in the bivalve caspase family. Notably, we were unable to identify direct homologues to the initiator caspase-9, a key-caspase in the vertebrate apoptotic pathway, inflammatory caspases (caspase-1,-4 or -5) or executioner caspases-3, -6, -7. We also explored the fact that bivalves appear to possess several unique homologs to the initiator caspase groups -2 and -8. Large expansions of caspase-3 like homologues (caspase-3A-C), caspase-3/7 group and caspase-3/7-like homologues were also identified, suggesting unusual roles of caspases with direct implications for our understanding of immune response in relation to common bivalve diseases. Furthermore, we assessed the gene expression of two initiator (Cg2A, Cg8B) and four executioner caspases (Cg3A, Cg3B, Cg3C, Cg3/7) in C. gigas late-larval development and during metamorphosis, indicating that caspase expressions vary across the different developmental stages.Conclusion: Our analysis provides the first overview of caspases across different bivalve species with essential new insight into caspase diversity, knowledge that can be used for further investigations into response to pathogens or regulation of developmental processes.
Spatial determinants of foreign direct investment in Iraq - an analytical study for the period 1995-2018
Authors: Maher Asaad Hamdi 
Published: November 2020

The topic of attracting foreign investment in general and foreign direct investment in particular has gained special importance, as it is one of the main pillars on which countries depend to finance and develop their development programs in various economic sectors. Also, foreign direct investment is an effective means of transferring modern technology and its creation and development. Modern methods and methods of production contribute to high rates of economic growth.
Therefore, the determinants of foreign direct investment in Iraq have been chosen as a subject for research, to identify the nature of FDI flows and to measure and analyze the relationship between a number of economic variables and between foreign direct investment in Iraq for the period 1995 - 2018, as we have found a positive and statistically significant relationship between some economic variables And between foreign direct investment, and the presence of an inverse and statistically significant relationship between a number of other economic variables and foreign direct investment.
Multidimensional Machine Learning Personalized Prognostic Model in an Early Invasive Breast Cancer Population-Based Cohort in China: Algorithm Validation Study
Authors: Zhong Xiaorong , Luo Ting , Deng Ling , Liu Pei , Hu Kejia , Lu Donghao , Zheng Dan , Luo Chuanxu , Xie Yuxin , Li Jiayuan , He Ping , Pu Tianjie , Ye Feng , Bu Hong , Fu Bo , Zheng Hong 
Published: November 2020

Background
Current online prognostic prediction models for breast cancer, such as Adjuvant! Online and PREDICT, are based on specific populations. They have been well validated and widely used in the United States and Western Europe; however, several validation attempts in non-European countries have revealed suboptimal predictions.

Objective
We aimed to develop an advanced breast cancer prognosis model for disease progression, cancer-specific mortality, and all-cause mortality by integrating tumor, demographic, and treatment characteristics from a large breast cancer cohort in China.

Methods
This study was approved by the Clinical Test and Biomedical Ethics Committee of West China Hospital, Sichuan University on May 17, 2012. Data collection for this project was started in May 2017 and ended in March 2019. Data on 5293 women diagnosed with stage I to III invasive breast cancer between 2000 and 2013 were collected. Disease progression, cancer-specific mortality, all-cause mortality, and the likelihood of disease progression or death within a 5-year period were predicted. Extreme gradient boosting was used to develop the prediction model. Model performance was assessed by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), and the model was calibrated and compared with PREDICT.

Results
The training, test, and validation sets comprised 3276 (499 progressions, 202 breast cancer-specific deaths, and 261 all-cause deaths within 5-year follow-up), 1405 (211 progressions, 94 breast cancer-specific deaths, and 129 all-cause deaths), and 612 (109 progressions, 33 breast cancer-specific deaths, and 37 all-cause deaths) women, respectively. The AUROC values for disease progression, cancer-specific mortality, and all-cause mortality were 0.76, 0.88, and 0.82 for training set; 0.79, 0.80, and 0.83 for the test set; and 0.79, 0.84, and 0.88 for the validation set, respectively. Calibration analysis demonstrated good agreement between predicted and observed events within 5 years. Comparable AUROC and calibration results were confirmed in different age, residence status, and receptor status subgroups. Compared with PREDICT, our model showed similar AUROC and improved calibration values.

Conclusions
Our prognostic model exhibits high discrimination and good calibration. It may facilitate prognosis prediction and clinical decision making for patients with breast cancer in China.
System Methods of Research of Small Arms Designs
Authors: Alekseev S. A. 
Published: November 2020

При проектировании сложных технических систем, к которым относятся образцы вооружения, в последнее время особое значение приобрел новый методологический подход, называемый системным. Под методологией обычно понимается совокупность приемов, а также математический аппарат научных исследований, которые имеют определенную общность и сохраняют свое практическое значение в течение всего процесса проектных работ. Основными приемами системной методологии являются: описание системы в виде иерархически упорядоченной структуры путем построения морфологического и функционального дерева, разделение объектов на систему и окружающую среду, декомпозиция функций и структуры системы. При исследовании систем в зависимости от целей применяются макроскопический либо микроскопический методы.На примерах из области стрелкового оружия проиллюстрированы основные ключевые понятия и основные положения системного анализа. Рассмотрены методы и подходы, применяемые на различных стадиях исследования и проектирования систем вооружения. Автоматическое оружие представлено в виде многоуровневой структуры, состоящей из подсистем, каждая из которых имеет свое функциональное назначение. Приведены примеры построения морфологического дерева и дерева функций.Показано, что на ранних стадиях проектирования объекта эффективен макроскопический подход в сочетании с функционально-структурным методом исследования. При таком подходе не определены однозначно принцип действия, состав и структура объекта, а заданы только функции, которые он должен выполнять. Это дает возможность исследователю находить новые технические решения. На стадии технического проектирования, когда определены принцип действия и структура объекта, применяется микроскопический подход и структурно-функциональный анализ с целью повышения качества объекта, например, при модернизации образцов вооружения.
HPV co-testing as cervical screening test, Experience of Alweiya early detection cervical clinic: one-year Analysis
Authors: Al-Jobawi Zainab J , Ali Besmah M. , Al-Niyazee Asan A , Ibraheem Mustafa H 
Published: November 2020

Objectives: The high-risk Human papilloma virus test with conventional cytology (HPVco-test) was firstly introduced in our institute at May 2019 so we aimed to estimate the prevalence of abnormal cytology and positive high-risk human papillomavirus test results in a screening woman and to assess the accuracy between cytology and Human papilloma virus testing to evaluate the feasibility of integrating the latter as a primary test in the national cervical cancer screening program.
Methods: A prospective study for women attending to early detection cervical clinic, during the period from May 2019 to May 2020. Patients who were sexually active were included in the study. Samples for conventional cytology and HPV by using real-time polymerase chain reaction technique for high risk types were taken concurrently. The prevalence of positive screening results and the difference in accuracy between two testing were estimated by McNemarâ€™s Ï‡2 test.
Result: A total of 388 women were included in the study. The prevalence of positive test for hr-HPV was 2.1%(8) while the prevalence of abnormal cytology test was 19.1%(74), Concerning discordant pairs, 0.8%(3) of women had normal cytology with a positive hr-HPV test result and 17.8%(69) of women had abnormal cytology with a negative hr-HPV test result. A total of 311 (80.1%) women had normal cytology and negative hr-HPV test results. The proportion of women with abnormal cytology and positive hr-HPV test results was 1.3% (5 women). the difference in accuracy between the two results was statistically significant (<0.0001). The prevalence of positive hr-HPV test decreased with increasing age, whereas the prevalence of abnormal cytology showed a bimodal age pattern.
Conclusion: The prevalence of abnormal cytology was high to that of hr-HPV testing, which could not allow for the implementation of hr-HPV as a primary test in the national screening program in Iraq.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI TERBIMBING TERHADAP KPS SISWA DAN HASIL BELAJAR PADA MATERI ASAM BASA
Authors: Malau Rialdi , Juniar Anna 
Published: November 2020

This study aims to: (1) To know the student Learning Outcomes that learned by Guided Inquiry were higher than Conventional model, (2) To know the student KPS improvment that learned by Guided Inquiry were higher than the conventional model, (3) To know the correlation between learning outcomes and KPS of students that learned by Guided Inquiry model . The population of this study is all students of class XI IPA SMA Budasatria. The sample selection is by total sampling namely XI IPA 1 and XI IPA 2, class XI IPA 1 with the Guided Inquiry learning. The instrument used a learning outcome test in the form of 20 valid multiple choice, the KPS test instrument in the form of an essay test. From t-test with a significance level of 0.05 worth 1.6749 is 9.2 on learning outcomes and 17 on KPS. Then from the Product Moment Correlation test with a significance level of 0.05, the rtable value is 0.37, the rcount is 0.81, so there is correlation between student learning outcomes and KPS. The contribution of learning outcomes to the increase in KPS by 65%.
MODIFIKASI ALAT PEMBELAJARAN PENJAS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR TOLAK PELURU PADA SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN
Authors: Tampubolon Sambora , Hamonangan Hamonangan 
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada materi tolak peluru melalui modifikasi alat pembelajaran penjas pada siswa SMK YP Nur Azizi Deli Serdang Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019. Adapun subjek dalam penelitian ini yaitu kelas XI Akuntansi berjumlah 45 orang. Metode penelitian ini berbentuk penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Berdasarkan data hasil tes awal tolak peluru di atas terlihat bahwa hasil belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran tolak peluru masih rendah. Dari 45 orang siswa hanya terdapat 16 orang siswa (35,56%) yang sudah memiliki ketuntasan belajar, sedangkan 29 orang siswa (64,44%) belum memiliki ketuntasan belajar. Nilai rata-rata yang diperoleh hanya mencapai 69,13. Hasil Siklus I memperlihatkan bahwa hasil belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran tolak peluru mulai meningkat. Dari 45 orang siswa yang menjadi subjek penelitian, 33 orang siswa (73,33%) yang memiliki ketuntasan belajar, sedangkan 12 orang siswa (26,67%) belum mencapai ketuntasan belajar. Nilai rata-rata kelas yang diperoleh pada siklus I ini mencapai 77,03. Sedangkan pada siklus II dapat dilihat bahwa kemampuan siswa dalam melakukan tes hasil belajar secara klasikal sudah meningkat. Dari 45 orang siswa, terdapat 40 orang siswa memiliki ketuntasan (88,89%) yang sudah memiliki ketuntasan belajar, sedangkan selebihnya yaitu 5 orang siswa (11,11%) belum memiliki ketuntasan belajar. Nilai rata – rata yang diperoleh mencapai 84,44. Berdasarkan hal itu maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa pembelajaran tolak peluru menggunakan modifikasi alat pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas XI Akuntansi SMK YP Nur Azizi Deli Serdang.
Illuminance Level Measurement at Lower Working Plane Height in Islamic Religious School
Authors: Raja Mohd Yazit Raja Nur Syaheeza , Mohd Husini Eliana , Khamis Mohd Khedzir , Zolkefli Megat Faridrullah , Dodo Yakubu Aminu 
Published: November 2020

Islamic religious school is an institution that integrates Quran hafazan (memorization) in the curriculum. Between 2011 to 2017, estimated that 900 new Islamic religious schools were established in Malaysia due to high demands. Designing a classroom layout that receives sufficient daylight is important because it influences the students’ task performance such as reading and writing. The standards recommend that any classrooms require an illuminance level between 300 lx to 500 lx when measured at working plane height between 800mm to 900mm, although the working plane height of rehal used for hafazan is between 250mm to 300mm. This study focused on the illuminance level measured at rehal working plane height for Arabic handwriting as a hafazan learning task in two selected standardised classrooms at Kolej Genius Insan. The students were required to rewrite the modified Balsam Alabdulkader-Leat (BAL) Arabic eye chart, where the students’ Arabic handwriting performance were evaluated based on their word per minute (wpm) scores. Both classrooms’ average illuminance level were 507 lx to 603 lx, which were too high based on standards and guidelines. The average Arabic handwriting scores for both classrooms were 9.4 and 12.6 wpm, which shows that the inefficient average illuminance level has caused the students’ performance to be very low. It can be concluded that the existing standardised classroom layout design was not suitable for hafazan learning tasks at rehal working plane height. Thus, the classroom layout design for Islamic religious schools needed further studies, which implicated the unsatisfied built environment of the classrooms and the school education for Islamic religious schools in Malaysia.
Keywords: Arabic handwriting, Daylighting, Illuminance level, rehal, working plane