bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioactive nanomaterials for ion‐interference therapy
Authors: Liu Yanyan , Zhang Meng , Bu Wenbo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIons with biological actions have been exploited to perform a wide range of tasks, including antitumor therapy, termed ion‐interference therapy (IIT). However, single ions or ion‐containing small molecules possess serious limitations for in vivo therapeutic applications due to their short circulation duration, weak discrimination between healthy and tumor tissues, and dose‐limiting systemic toxicity. Bioactive nanomaterials, not only successful targeting tumors but also sufficient generation/release of active species for cell death induction, have attracted enormous interest in IIT due to their potential to tackle the challenges, and are largely the focus of this review.
A description of the likelihood ratios in the probabilistic genotyping software STRmix™
Authors: Kelly Hannah , Bright Jo‐Anne , Coble Michael D. , Buckleton John S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractProbabilistic methods of DNA profile interpretation are being adopted by forensic laboratories worldwide. One commonality to all probabilistic genotyping software is an assignment of the strength of evidence using the likelihood ratio (LR). The probabilistic genotyping software STRmix™ reports a number of LRs that differ based on the propositions considered and the level within the hierarchy of propositions considered. Within this paper, we describe the different LRs assigned in a STRmix™ software report.This article is categorized under:
Forensic Biology > Interpretation of Biological Evidence
Forensic Biology > Forensic DNA Technologies
Legislation-driven development of a Gift Aid system using Event-B
Authors: Williams David M. , Darwish Salaheddin , Schneider Steve , Michael David R. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This work presents our approach to formally model the Swiftaid system design, a digital platform that enables donors to automatically add Gift Aid to donations made via card payments. Following principles of Behaviour-Driven Development, we use Gherkin to capture requirements specified in legislation, specifically the UK Charity (Gift Aid Declarations) Regulations 2016. The Gherkin scenarios provide a basis for subsequent formal modelling and analysis using Event-B, Rodin and ProB. Interactive model simulations assist communication between domain experts, software architects and other stakeholders during requirements capture and system design, enabling the emergent system behaviour to be validated. Our approach was employed within the development of the real Swiftaid product, launched by Streeva in February 2019. Our analysis helped conclude that there was not a strong enough business case for one of the features, whichwas shown to provide nominal user convenience at the expense of increased complexity. This work provides a case study in allying formal and agile software development to enable rapid development of robust software.
Suicide by air embolism introduced by means of a bicycle pump
Authors: Falk Jens , Fischer Victoria , Riepert Thomas , Rothschild Markus A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA 64-year-old man was found dead in bed in his flat. In his right hand he held a bicycle pump to which a small-gauge cannula was attached and two fresh puncture wounds were found on his left hand. During the autopsy an air embolism of ca. 50 ml air was detected in the right ventricle of the heart by means of an aspirometer. The air embolism could not be reliably detected in a thorax radiograph taken prior to autopsy. Blood in the right ventricle was foamy. Pathological changes to organs were not found. Aside from the puncture wounds, there were no signs of externally applied mechanical force. The results of the toxicological analyses were negative.
Schrubber als Tatwaffe
Authors: Wirth I. , Schulz R. , Schmidt S. , Schmeling A. 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungEs wird über einen Fall häuslicher Gewalt berichtet, bei dem die 86-jährige Ehefrau ihren gleichaltrigen, an Demenz leidenden Ehemann durch vielfache stumpfe Gewalteinwirkungen tötete. Als Tatwerkzeug kam ein Schrubber zum Einsatz. Richtungweisend für die Identifizierung des Schrubbers als Tatwaffe waren die zahlreichen gruppiert angeordneten, rundlichen, kleinfleckigen Hautabschürfungen sowie die gruppiert angeordneten, kleinfleckigen Hautunterblutungen, die sich den Borstenbüscheln eines Schrubbers zuordnen ließen. Todesursächlich war ein Verbluten in die Weichteile. Eine Fettembolie wurde histologisch ausgeschlossen. In einem Sicherungsverfahren wurde für die Ehefrau aufgrund einer Alzheimer-Demenz mit dadurch bedingter mangelnder Steuerungsfähigkeit die Unterbringung in einem psychiatrischen Krankenhaus angeordnet.
Clinical and cost-effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions following total hip replacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fatoye Francis , Wright J. M. , Yeowell G. , Gebrye T. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo examine the reported clinical and cost-effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions following total hip replacement (THR). A systematic review was completed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). MEDLINE, CINAHL, AMED, Scopus, DARE, HTA, and NHS EED databases were searched for studies on clinical and cost-effectiveness of physiotherapy in adults with THR published up to March 2020. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were identified and key data were extracted. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and a Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS). Data were summarised and combined using random-effect meta-analysis. A total of 1263 studies related to the aim of the review were identified, from which 20 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. These studies were conducted in Australia (n = 3), Brazil (n = 1), United States of America (USA) (n = 2), France (n = 2), Italy (n = 2), Germany (n = 3), Ireland (n = 1), Norway (n = 2), Canada (n = 1), Japan (n = 1), Denmark (n = 1), and United Kingdom (UK) (n = 1). The duration of follow-up of the included studies was ranged from 2 weeks to 12 months. Physiotherapy interventions were found to be clinically effective for functional performance, hip muscle strength, pain, and range of motion flexion. From the National Health Service perspective, an accelerated physiotherapy programme following THR was cost-effective. The findings of the review suggest that physiotherapy interventions were clinically effective for people with THR. However, questions remain on the pooled cost-effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions, and further research is required to examine this in patients with THR. Future studies are required to examine the cost-effectiveness of these interventions from patients, caregivers, and societal perspectives.Registration Prospero(ID: CRD42018096524).
Ratio F test for testing simultaneous hypotheses in models with blocked compound symmetric covariance structure
Authors: Zmyślony Roman , Kozioł Arkadiusz 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article deals with testing simultaneous hypotheses about the mean structure and the covariance structure in models with blocked compound symmetric (BCS) covariance structure. Considered models are used for double multivariate data, which means that m-variate vector of observation is measured repeatedly over u levels of some factor on each of n individual. Additionally, the assumption of multivariate normality for this type of data is made. We use framework of ratio of positive and negative parts of best unbiased estimators to obtain simultaneous F test. The test statistic is constructed as a ratio of test statistics for testing single hypotheses about the mean vector and the covariance matrix. In simulation study power of obtained test is compared with powers of three other F tests—two for testing single hypotheses and one for testing simultaneous hypotheses, whose test statistic is convex combination of test statistics of these two single F tests. The problem of simultaneous testing of the mean vector and covariance matrix was also consider in paper (Hyodo and Nishiyama, Commun Stat Theory Methods, 10.1080/03610926.2019.1639751, 2019).
Onshore power one option to reduce air emissions in ports
Authors: Krämer Iven , Czermański Ernest 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPorts are not just nodal points in global supply chains but at the same time, they are concentration points for air emissions. Ships that are manoeuvring within estuaries and within the port areas and ships at berth contribute to a large extend to the overall air pollution in port cities. Thus, the efforts to reduce these emissions are not only left to the shipping lines themselves, but to port authorities, port operators and port cities as well. One option that lately has gained huge political interest is onshore power supply. Consequently, more and more ports in the world begin to plan and implement such installations. For the time being, this process is yet in an initial phase and even if different technical solutions do exist and prove their usability in daily operations, the needed investments for the installations do barely see any economic viability. The same is to observe for the operational costs, which is why a discussion for a general obligation to use shore power in ports is ongoing. Time will show if shore power really is a solution or if shipping lines will find even better options to reduce air emissions on their path towards a zero emission shipping.
Building a sustainable and transferable sulphur emission free BSR
Authors: Prause Gunnar , Olaniyi Eunice O. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe maritime industry is getting much attention owing to the current energy and climate crises. There are increasing discussions on sustainable maritime transport across the globe especially after the successful implementation of the sulphur regulations in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR). The world is now getting ready for the 2020 global sulphur cap suggesting that the energy transition outlook in the maritime sector is becoming clearer and there is no going back.Still, global energy consumption is growing at an alarming rate, and all hands must remain on deck to avert possible world crises. There are still questions related to clean shipping, waste management, clean fuel, decarbonisation of fuel and greenhouse associated with global warming. What are the expected hurdles of a complete transition to a complete clean maritime transport industry? Can the world achieve total integration of this policy to contribute to environmental protection?The study investigates the effect of both public and private cost of environmental governance in the maritime sector and evaluates the budding orchestration of green/clean shipping initiatives to activate regulatory policies using the Sulphur Emission Control Area (SECA) regulation in the Baltic state region, its state of the art, coordination and cost. The study further addresses the gaps in the present and future development of regulation compliance focussing on their design, monitoring and control to meet the global outlook for the 2020 global sulphur cap.
Fracturing Gels as Analogs to Understand Fracture Behavior in Shale Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Li Zheng , Wang Jingyi , Gates Ian D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHydraulic fracturing is widely used in the exploitation of unconventional reservoirs, such as shale gas and tight gas. However, a full understanding of the activation of natural fractures, prediction of fracture growth, distribution of proppant, and network fracture system effectiveness remain unresolved. The onset of fracturing in the media requires energy and this is due to the buildup of pressure within the rock due to continuous injection of fluid. In other words, when the energy associated with the injection fluid reaches the fracture strength of the rock, the fracture initiates and propagates into the formation. Here, we use gelatin in hydraulic fracturing laboratory tests and compare the results to a modified radial hydraulic fracturing theory. The mechanics of the gelatin, procedures to make a testing gelatin block, and procedures to conduct the test are described. The results show that the fracture evolving behaviours from experiments are well matched by the theory. The results are then scaled up to understand fracture growth behaviour in a tight rock reservoir.
Determination of potassium by the use of new calibration approach in potentiometric measurements
Authors: Dębosz Marek , Wieczorek Marcin , Migdalski Jan , Kościelniak Paweł 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe implementation of a new calibration approach, termed the Signal Increment Standard Addition Method (SI-SAM), to the potentiometric determination of potassium in the synthetic samples and certified reference materials, is investigated. SI-SAM is a modification of SAM that is based on the change in the way in which the extrapolation is carried out. The calibration graph is extrapolated to the intersection with the signal of the first standard solution, not to the abscissa. Potentiometry is the method of choice due to its simplicity, rapid measurements, wide linear range and fulfilment of green analytical principles. However, careful attention is required to the calibration procedure because various versions of the standard addition method, which are commonly used in potentiometry, may create some problems leading to serious systematic analytical errors. The present work proves that SI-SAM allows for the elimination of this drawback and, consequently, for the determination of the considered analyte with improved results, especially in terms of accuracy and precision.
Graphic abstract
Diffuse midline glioma of the cervical spinal cord with H3 K27M genotype phenotypically mimicking anaplastic ganglioglioma: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Kraus Theo F. J. , Machegger Lukas , Pöppe Johannes , Zellinger Barbara , Dovjak Eva , Schlicker Hans U. , Schwartz Christoph , Ladisich Barbara , Spendel Mathias , Kral Michael , Reinhardt Annekathrin , Winkler Peter A. , Sotlar Karl 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHere, we report on a 28-year old male patient presenting with neck and shoulder pain, dysesthesia of all four limbs and hypesthesia of both hands, without motor deficits. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an intradural, intramedullary mass of the cervical spinal cord of 6.4 cm length and 1.7 cm diameter. The patient underwent surgical resection. Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation showed pleomorphic glial tumor cells, mitoses, calcifications, and atypical ganglioid cells compatible with the morphology of anaplastic ganglioglioma (WHO Grade III). Extensive molecular workup revealed H3F3A K27M, TERT C228T and PDGFRα Y849C mutations indicating poor prognosis. The H3F3A K27M mutation assigned the tumor to the molecular group of diffuse midline glioma (WHO Grade IV). Epigenome-wide methylation profiling confirmed the methylation class of diffuse midline glioma. Thus, this is a very rare case of malignant glioma with H3 K27M genotype phenotypically mimicking anaplastic ganglioglioma. This case emphasizes the importance of comprehensive morphological and molecular workup including methylome profiling for advanced patient care.
„Leben retten bis der Arzt kommt?“
Authors: Rieder N. , Mühe K. , Nauck F. , Alt-Epping B. 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Einsätze in Notfallsituationen bei Patienten mit fortgeschrittener, unheilbarer Erkrankung stellen für das Rettungsdienstpersonal eine besondere Belastung dar. Für ersteintreffendes nichtärztliches Rettungsdienstpersonal ergeben sich dabei Situationen, in denen Entscheidungen getroffen werden müssen, die außerhalb des erlernten oder rechtlich zugesicherten Kompetenzbereichs liegen. Ziel dieser Arbeit war daher die Darstellung von Konflikten und deren Belastungsauswirkung sowie die Diskussion über eine mögliche Erweiterung der therapeutischen Entscheidungskompetenz des nichtärztlichen Rettungsdienstpersonals als Entlastungsoption.

Material/Methoden
Online-Befragung von Rettungsassistenten und Notfallsanitätern („mixed methods design“) zu deren Konflikten und wahrgenommenen Belastungen. Analyse der Freitextantworten mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse (Mayring). Deskriptiv-statistische Analyse der wahrgenommenen Belastungsintensitäten und Belastungshäufigkeiten.

Ergebnisse
Im Umgang mit Patienten mit fortgeschrittener unheilbarer Erkrankung erlebt das nichtärztliche Rettungsdienstpersonal einen konflikthaften und belastenden Entscheidungs- und Handlungsdruck. Die Konflikte können in vier Dimensionen eingeordnet werden: a) patientenbezogen, b) strukturell, c) persönlich und d) interprofessionell. Eine Erweiterung der therapeutischen Entscheidungskompetenz des nichtärztlichen Rettungsdienstpersonals zur Therapiebegrenzung wurde kritisch und vorbehaltlich wahrgenommen.

Diskussion
Die vom nichtärztlichen Rettungsdienstpersonal beschriebenen Konflikte erfordern vielschichtige Lösungsansätze, wie zum Beispiel themenspezifische Fort- und Weiterbildungsprogramme wie auch regional-strukturelle Konzepte einer gesundheitlichen Versorgungsplanung.
COVID-19 and social distancing
Authors: Qian Meirui , Jiang Jianli 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Aim
COVID-19 has spread rapidly worldwide since it began, greatly affecting peoples' lives, social economies and medical systems. At present, little is known about the disease, and vaccines are still under development. Therefore, in the face of severe outbreaks, previous effective experience can help people better protect themselves and their families. The aim of this article is to discuss the social distancing measures for COVID-19.

Subjects and methods
Literature and document search.

Results
Recent research and a novel coronavirus pneumonia prediction model revealed social distancing measures and wearing masks are required to mitigate hospital system overload and prevent pathogen exposure. After a series of social distancing measures, there are 309 cities with zero cases and 34 cities with confirmed cases in China as of April 13, 2020.

Conclusion
From China's experience with novel coronavirus pneumonia, we know that social distancing is the most effective measure at present. We need to win more time to allow limited medical resources to save lives.
Using fibre property measurements to predict the tensile index of microfibrillated cellulose nanopaper
Authors: Taylor Lewis , Phipps Jonathan , Blackburn Stuart , Greenwood Richard , Skuse David 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA wide variety of wood and non-wood cellulosic fibre sources were used as a feed to produce microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) using a grinding process. Nanopaper was formed using this product, and the tensile index was measured. The hemicellulose content of the feed fibres was measured, and was found to correlate with the production of finer microfibrils and a higher MFC tensile strength. The correlation with tensile strength was improved by the inclusion of a measurement of the MFC particle lengths as measured by a fibre image analyser, with the resulting relation fitting a modified Page Equation. It was hypothesised that the frequency of flaws in the feed fibre cross-section influences the length of the MFC particles produced, and so the zero-span tensile index of the fibres was measured as a proxy for this since it forces cross-sectional fibre breakage. The fibre zero-span tensile index was found to correlate with MFC particle length and so was used in its place in the equation. The resultant equation can predict MFC tensile strength from zero-span tensile index and hemicellulose content measurements of cellulosic fibres and can aid in optimising feedstock selection for mechanical MFC production processes.
Redistributive Consequences of Abolishing Uniform Contribution Policies in Pension Funds
Authors: Chen Damiaan H. J. , van Wijnbergen Sweder J. G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn a pension system with uniform policies for contribution and accrual, each participant has the same contribution rate and accrual rate independent of the age at the time of payment. Although a common practice for public sector pension plans in many countries, this is not actuarially fair because the investment horizon of young participants is longer than the investment horizon of the elderly. We show the unintended redistributive intergenerational effects of a uniform contribution system and the consequences of switching from uniform policies to an actuarially fair system, first analytically in a stylized model with three overlapping generations. We then quantify these effects in a detailed model with multiple overlapping generations, realistic parameters and detailed information on the income distribution, calibrated on the Dutch funded pension system. Our base estimate shows that the transition effect of abolishing uniform policies for an actuarially fair system is about 37 billion euros (5% of the Dutch GDP) for an interest rate of 1% (the market interest rate ultimo 2017), but only 11 billion euro for an interest rate of 0% (the market interest rate as of July 2019). For each cohort, the redistributive effects are less than 5% of their total pension. We show that a system with uniform policies implies a transfer of about 10 billion euros from poor to rich.
Chromosomal polymorphisms associated with reproductive outcomes after IVF-ET
Authors: Li Sai-jiao , Cheng Yan-xiang , Ye-Shang  , Zhou Dan-ni , Zhang Yin , Yin Tai-lang , Yang Jing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to investigate the effect of the detail type of chromosomal polymorphisms (1/9/16qh+/−, D/G group polymorphisms, and inv(9)) on the IVF-ET outcomes.MethodsA total of 1335 infertile couples undergoing IVF/ICSI were enrolled and comprehensively analyzed the correlation between three detail types of chromosomal polymorphisms (1/9/16qh+/−, D/G group polymorphisms, and inv(9)) and the outcome of IVF/ICSI embryo transfer. The fertilized rate, cleaved embryo rate, good-quality embryo rate, clinical pregnancy rate, implantation rate, and early stage miscarriage rate were compared between the chromosomal polymorphisms groups and the control group.ResultsBoth the inv(9) and D/G group chromosomal polymorphisms related to female infertility significantly lead to a lower 2PN cleavage rate (86.44% vs. 97.58% and 90.67% vs. 97.58%, respectively,P < 0.05) undergoing IVF insemination, the inv(9) adversely increasing the early miscarriage rate, either undergoing IVF (21.4% vs. 3.0%,P < 0.05) or ICSI (50.0% vs. 2.0%,P < 0.05) insemination, female carriers (23.08% vs. 2.87%,P < 0.05) or male carriers (44.44% vs. 2.87%,P < 0.05). For D/G groups, ICSI insemination may increase the implantation rate (44.8% vs. 23.69%,P < 0.05) and clinical pregnancy rate (78.6% vs. 40.65%,P < 0.05). 1/9/16qh+/−had no apparent adverse effect on the patient’s clinical outcomes.ConclusionsOur study suggests that chromosome karyotype analysis is necessary for IVF patients in clinical practice; we should afford individual genetic counseling suggestion according to the polymorphism types.