bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early variations in lymphocytes and T lymphocyte subsets are associated with radiation pneumonitis in lung cancer patients and experimental mice received thoracic irradiation
Authors: Zhou Pu , Chen Lu , Yan Dong , Huang Changlin , Chen Guangpeng , Wang Zhiyi , Zhong Liangzhi , Luo Wen , Chen Diangang , Chun Chui , Zhang Shushu , Li Guanghui 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThere were no ideal markers to predict the development of radiation pneumonitis (RP). We want to investigate the value of variations of lymphocytes and T lymphocyte subsets in predicting RP after radiotherapy (RT) of lung cancer based on previous clinical findings. A total of 182 lung cancer patients who received RT were retrospectively analyzed. Circulating lymphocytes and T lymphocyte subsets were measured before, during, and after RT. Patients were evaluated from the start of RT to 6 months post‐RT. A mice model with acute radiation‐induced lung injury was established and circulating lymphocytes were measured weekly until 8 weeks after irradiation. Univariate and multivariate analyses were adopted to identify risk factors of RP. Lymphocyte levels significantly decreased (P < .001) in patients before RP symptoms developed that also was able to be seen in the mice model and the values recovered during remission of symptoms. The decrease in lymphocyte count reflected the severity of RP. Meanwhile, CD4+ T lymphocyte count was significantly lower during the occurrence of symptoms in patients with RP than in those without RP (P < .001), and it improved along with RP recovery. Levels of lymphocytes and CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets proved as independent predictors of RP. Here we showed that lower peripheral blood levels of lymphocytes and CD4+ T lymphocyte were associated with an increased risk of RP, which was validated by this mice model, and thus are associated with differences in radiation‐induced lung toxicity among individuals and help identify those who are susceptible to developing RP after RT.
Novel application of vinylpolysiloxane hearing aid impression mold as patient‐specific bolus for head and neck cancer radiotherapy
Authors: Gunter Anne Elizabeth , Burgoyne John , Park Min , Kim Namou , Cao Daliang , Mehta Vivek 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHearing aid impression material composed of vinylpolysiloxane is an ideal bolus material which may be used to aid in delivery of adjuvant radiation to complex surgical defects of the head and neck. It is affordable, easily accessed, and efficient.
Ultrafine Ir Nanowires with Microporous Channels and Superior Electrocatalytic Activity for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Liu Zhenyuan , Li Jiahui , Zhang Jie , Qin Menghan , Yang Gaixiu , Tang Yawen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHydrogen energy is considered as an ideal candidate energy of traditional fossil fuels. Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a crucial reaction for the sustainable hydrogen generation as a half reaction of water splitting. It is important to develop efficient electrocatalysts for the OER. Herein, the porous iridium nanowires (Ir PNWs) with polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH) as a complex‐forming agent and capping agent have been successfully synthesized through a one‐pot hydrothermal approach. Benefiting from the inherent anisotropic characteristic of one‐dimensional nanowires structure, abundant microporous channels and high atom utilization efficiency, the synthesized Ir PNWs possess very large electrochemically active surface area (118.2 m2 g−1), and thus exhibit superior electrocatalytic activity and stability towards the OER compared with commercial RuO2 catalyst and other Ir nanocrystals.
Corrosion‐Free EMF Measurements of Zinc‐Based Intermetallic Compounds at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Kriegel René , Armbrüster Marc 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMaterial development requires in many cases information about the necessary stability of the materials against oxidation, which is encoded in the chemical activity of the constituting elements. Determination of the chemical activity is tedious, especially for metallic materials at or close to ambient temperature. To determine the chemical activity of Zn at ambient temperature, electromotive force (EMF) measurements on the intermetallic compounds ZnPd, ZnPt and Cu5Zn8 within their respective homogeneity range were conducted. The single‐phase nature of the samples was confirmed by powder X‐ray diffraction, light microscopy as well as SEM/EDX analysis. To exclude oxidation, and therefore faulty determination of the electrochemical potentials, a method was developed to conduct the electrochemical measurements under non‐corrosive conditions in inert atmosphere. Corrosion by the electrolyte was avoided using anhydrous dimethylformamide as aprotic solvent. From the EMF the respective intrinsic activities of zinc in the corresponding intermetallic compounds was determined. Measurements on Cu5Zn8 and comparison to available data in literature verified the developed method allowing to retrieve thermodynamic data of ZnPd and ZnPt for the first time at ambient temperature. The herein developed and easy‐to‐use methodology is applicable to a wide range of metallic material by choosing appropriate compositions of the electrolyte and has the potential to boost material development.
Supramolecular Modulation of Antibacterial Activity of Ambroxol by Cucurbit[7]uril
Authors: Li Shengke , Kuok Kit Ieng , Ji Xia , Xu Anni , Yin Hang , Zheng Jun , Tan Huaping , Wang Ruibing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSupramolecular encapsulation by cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) was recently demonstrated to provide a simple and efficient method for antibacterial activity regulation of antibiotics. In this work, CB[7] was shown to form binary host‐guest complex with ambroxol hydrochloride (ABX), a clinical mucokinetic and expectorant drug, which was reported to exhibit certain antibacterial activity. 1H NMR titration and isothermal titration calorimetry experiment results suggested that the 4‐hydroxyl cyclohexylamine group of ABX was included inside the CB[7] cavity, with a binding constant Ka of (6.69±0.11)×105 M−1 in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution, thermodynamically driven by both enthalpy change (ΔH=−12.2 kJ/mol) and entropy change (TΔS=21.1 kJ/mol). More importantly, ABX's inhibitory activity (MIC50) against bacillary strains towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli strains was decreased from (5.11±0.31)×10−6 M−1 and (2.63±0.34)×10−5 M−1 to zero upon encapsulation by CB[7], and was subsequently recovered to almost its original activity when a competitive guest, amantadine hydrochloride, for disassembling CB[7]‐ABX complex, was added, suggesting that the antibacterial activity of ABX could be readily “turned off/on” upon its complexation and decomplexation with CB[7].
Political risk, internal versus global value chain knowledge, and subsidiary operational integration
Authors: Lee Jeoung Yul , Jiménez Alfredo , Yang Young Soo , Song Yunah 
Published: March 2020

AbstractResearch summaryThis study combines transaction cost economics and network learning literature to examine the moderating effect of knowledge from internal versus external local supplier on subsidiary‐level intrafirm trade within multinational enterprises' (MNEs) global value chain networks. We conceptualize knowledge in a multidimensional way, disentangling it into institutional knowledge in high‐risk countries and internationalization knowledge in all countries. Empirical results from 5,660 observations of 487 Korean MNEs (1995–2013) show that MNEs' institutional knowledge with external local suppliers in high‐risk countries has a stronger negative effect on the relationship between political risk and subsidiaries' intrafirm trade integration than with internal suppliers. Internationalization knowledge from external local suppliers in all countries also has a stronger negative effect on the relationship between political risk and subsidiaries' intrafirm trade integration than with internal suppliers.Managerial summaryA host country's political risk is a critical consideration for multinational enterprises (MNEs) when entering institutionally hazardous countries. This study shows how MNEs' strategies for operational integration of subsidiaries within global value chain (GVC) networks respond to challenges of political risk in host countries. We studied 5,660 observations of 487 Korean MNEs (1995–2013) and found that MNE capabilities to manage under institutionally hazardous conditions can be developed through various types of knowledge from internal versus external local suppliers, and, consequently, operational integration in the MNE GVC in high‐risk countries is less needed. MNEs need to acquire and expand new business opportunities in host countries by accepting heterogeneity through varying institutional and internationalization knowledge and active partnership development based on their GVC networks.
International Train the Trainer antibiotic stewardship program for pharmacists: Implementation, sustainability, and outcomes
Authors: Goff Debra A. , Bauer Karri A. , Brink Adrian , Kolman Sonya , Mendelson Marc , Messina Angeliki P. , Schellack Natalie , van den Bergh Dena 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe high burden of infectious diseases in South Africa and the misuse and overuse of antibiotics are driving antibiotic resistance to the extent that bacterial infections are commonly difficult to treat, and in some cases, are untreatable. Implementing antibiotic stewardship (AS) is challenging due to a lack of physicians and pharmacists trained for treating infectious diseases.ObjectivesTo describe the implementation, outcomes, and sustainability of a collaborative Train the Trainer (TTT) AS pharmacist mentoring program between a US hospital and hospitals in South Africa.MethodsThe partnership formed in 2012 around the five pillars of global engagement: shared leadership, mutually beneficial partnership, local needs‐based care, host‐driven education, and sustainability. The TTT program included bilateral site visits, development of pharmacists' AS skills, research, and paying‐it‐forward.ResultsTen pharmacist mentees from private (n = 6) and public hospitals (n = 4) completed the TTT program between 2013 and 2019. Subsequently, mentees were able to transfer their AS skills to train an additional 120 pharmacists with no prior AS experience. These pharmacists made over 40 000 AS interventions in 60 hospitals across seven provinces. Mentees coauthored 12 AS publications, 1 book chapter, 4 invited commentaries in South African, US, and international journals, and presented 28 AS abstracts at national and international conferences. For nine of the mentees, this was their first AS research experience and publication. One mentee introduced an AS module to the pharmacotherapy course and 160 students completed the module. The first clinical pharmacy AS rotation was established. Mentees participated in national AS committees and engaged in AS public awareness work by delivering radio and TV interviews.ConclusionsShared leadership between the US and South African mentors led to developing a TTT program that met their local needs. The TTT program achieved its goal of helping to develop South African pharmacists capable of implementing sustainable AS interventions that improve patient care.
Association of SOX11 Polymorphisms in distal 3′UTR with Susceptibility for Schizophrenia
Authors: Sun Cheng‐Peng , Sun Dong , Luan Zhi‐Lin , Dai Xin , Bie Xu , Ming Wen‐Hua , Sun Xiao‐Wan , Huo Xiao-Xiao , Lu Tian‐Lan , Zhang Dai 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundDiverse and circumstantial evidence suggests that schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder. Genes contributing to neurodevelopment may be potential candidates for schizophrenia. The human SOX11 gene is a member of the developmentally essential SOX (Sry‐related HMG box) transcription factor gene family and mapped to chromosome 2p, a potential candidate region for schizophrenia.MethodsOur previous genome‐wide association study (GWAS) implicated an involvement of SOX11 with schizophrenia in a Chinese Han population. To further investigate the association between SOX11 polymorphisms and schizophrenia, we performed an independent replication case‐control association study in a sample including 768 cases and 1348 controls.ResultsAfter Bonferroni correction, four SNPs in SOX11 distal 3′UTR significantly associated with schizophrenia in the allele frequencies: rs16864067 (allelic P = .0022), rs12478711 (allelic P = .0009), rs2564045 (allelic P = .0027), and rs2252087 (allelic P = .0025). The haplotype analysis of the selected SNPs showed different haplotype frequencies for two blocks (rs4371338‐rs7596062‐rs16864067‐rs12478711 and rs2564045‐rs2252087‐rs2564055‐rs1366733) between cases and controls. Further luciferase assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) revealed the schizophrenia‐associated SOX11 SNPs may influence SOX11 gene expression, and the risk and non‐risk alleles may have different affinity to certain transcription factors and can recruit divergent factors.ConclusionsOur results suggest SOX11 as a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia, and SOX11 polymorphisms and haplotypes in the distal 3′UTR of the gene might modulate transcriptional activity by serving as cis‐regulatory elements and recruiting transcriptional activators or repressors. Also, these SNPs may potentiate as diagnostic markers for the disease.
Principal Component Analysis of Simultaneous PET‐MRI Reveals Patterns of Bone–Cartilage Interactions in Osteoarthritis
Authors: Tibrewala Radhika , Pedoia Valentina , Bucknor Matthew , Majumdar Sharmila 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundBone–cartilage interactions have been implicated in causing osteoarthritis (OA).PurposeTo use [18F]‐NaF PET‐MRI to 1) develop automatic image processing code in MatLab to create a model of bone–cartilage interactions and 2) find associations of bone–cartilage interactions with known manifestations of OA.Study TypeProspective study aimed to evaluate a data analysis method.PopulationTwenty‐nine patients with knee pain or joint stiffness.Field Strength/Sequence3T MRI (GE), 3D CUBE FSE, 3D combined T1ρ/T2 MAPSS, [18F]‐sodium fluoride, SIGNA TOF (OSEM).AssessmentCorrelation between MRI (cartilage) and PET (bone) quantitative parameters, bone–cartilage interactions model described by modes of variation as derived by principal component analysis (PCA), WORMS scoring on cartilage lesions, bone marrow abnormalities, subchondral cysts.Statistical TestsLinear regression, Pearson correlation.ResultsMode 1 was a positive predictor of the bone abnormality score (P = 0.0003, P = 0.001, P = 0.0007) and the cartilage lesion score (P = 0.03, P = 0.01, P = 0.02) in the femur, tibia, and patella, respectively. For the cartilage lesion scores, mode 5 was the most important positive predictor in the femur (P = 3.9E‐06), and mode 2 were predictors, significant negative predictor in the tibia (P = 0.007). In the patella, mode 1 was a significant positive predictor of the bone abnormality score (P = 0.0007).Data ConclusionBy successfully building an automatic code to create a bone–cartilage interface, we were able to observe dynamic relationships between biochemical changes in the cartilage accompanied with bone remodeling, extended to the whole knee joint instead of simple colocalized observations, shedding light on the interactions that occur between bone and cartilage in OA.Evidence Level: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:1462–1474.
Breeding, genetics, and genomics for tolerance against terminal heat in lentil: Current status and future directions
Authors: Kumar Jitendra , Sen Gupta Debjyoti , Djalovic Ivica 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHeat stress at terminal stage in lentil is one of the major factors causing drastic yield loss. Development of heat tolerant cultivars is one of the ways to tackle this problem. However, heat stress tolerance is a complex trait in nature and many morphological, physiological, biochemical, and metabolic changes are responsible for heat stress tolerance in lentil. Therefore, in the past years, efforts have been made to know genetics and genomics of heat stress tolerance in lentil. In this review, we discussed current progress on breeding, genetics, and genomics including quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping, transcriptomics, proteomics, and network of metabolic pathways for heat tolerance and future directions for developing heat tolerant cultivars in lentil.
Simultaneous Stereocomplexation of Polylactides during Polymerization of d‐LA in the Presence of a PLLA Template
Authors: Brzeziński Marek , Michalski Adam , Kost Bartłomiej , Socka Marta , Florczak Marcin , Łapienis Grzegorz , Biela Tadeusz 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMatrix polymerization is frequently used to obtain different materials with control over the microstructure and molecular weight of the final products; however, it is never employed to obtain stereoregular polylactide. Therefore, here, l‐lactide polymerization is initiated with butanol or methoxy poly(ethylene glycol). Subsequently, the hydroxyl end groups of the obtained poly(l‐lactides) (PLLAs) are blocked with acetic anhydride to avoid stereoblock formation during matrix polymerization in the presence of PLLA as a template. The polymerization is carried out in tetrahydrofuran at 80 °C under vacuum. During the course of the process, the simultaneous stereocomplexation of a PLLA matrix with growing poly(d‐lactide) chains is observed, leading to the formation of petal‐in‐petal microparticles. This approach can provide a tool for designing stereocomplexed particles with different morphologies and allows for fine‐tuning of their properties.
On the Thermoresponsivity and Scalability of N,N‐Dimethylacrylamide Modified NIPAM Microgels
Authors: Zehm Daniel , Lieske Antje , Stoll Andrea 
Published: March 2020

AbstractVarious thermoresponsive copolymer microgels based on N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and N,N‐dimethylacrylamide (DMAAm) are prepared using either precipitation polymerization (PP) or inverse emulsion polymerization (IEP). The comparison of the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) for PNIPAMn‐co‐PDMAAmm copolymer microgels prepared by PP or IEP reveals significant differences. Empirically, PP leads to lower VPTTs than IEP for identical monomer composition, whereby the observed difference in the VPTT becomes greater the higher the DMAAm content of the monomer mixture is. Presumably this is because IEP confers a higher homogeneity of the crosslinking and polymer segmental density within the microgel particles, resulting in a linear correlation of the VPTT as a function of DMAAm. Further, the scalability of an IEP process for the synthesis of NIPAM0.86‐co‐PDMAAm0.14 containing 14% DMAAm is studied, since these microgels exhibit a VPTT in the targeted range of 37.5–38.5 °C. The study reveals that the temperature increase due to insufficient dissipation of the heat of polymerization in a batch IEP process on a larger scale affects the VPTT, leading to microgels with a VPTT of about 35.5 °C. By contrast, when conducted as semibatch IEP process with more efficient heat removal, particles with a VPTT of 38.4 °C are obtained also on larger scale.
Open‐Label Phase 1 Futility Studies of Salsalate and Young Plasma in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
Authors: VandeVrede Lawren , Dale Marian L. , Fields Scott , Frank Megan , Hare Emma , Heuer Hilary W. , Keith Kellie , Koestler Mary , Ljubenkov Peter A. , McDermott Dana , Ohanesian Noelle , Richards Jennifer , Rojas Julio C. , Thijssen Elisabeth H. , Walsh Christine , Wang Ping , Wolf Amy , Quinn Joseph F. , Tsai Richard , Boxer Adam L. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundProgressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative disease without approved therapies, and therapeutics are often tried off‐label in the hope of slowing disease progression. Results from these experiences are seldom shared, which limits evidence‐based knowledge to guide future treatment decisions.ObjectivesTo describe an open‐label experience, including safety/tolerability, and longitudinal changes in biomarkers of disease progression in PSP‐Richardson's syndrome (PSP‐RS) patients treated with either salsalate or young plasma and compare to natural history data from previous multicenter studies.MethodsFor 6 months, 10 PSP‐RS patients received daily salsalate 2,250 mg, and 5 patients received monthly infusions of four units of young plasma. Every 3 months, clinical severity was assessed with the Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Rating Scale (PSPRS), and MRI was obtained for volumetric measurement of midbrain. A range of exploratory biomarkers, including cerebrospinal fluid levels of neurofilament light chain, were collected at baseline and 6 months. Interventional data were compared to historical PSP‐RS patients from the davunetide clinical trial and the 4‐Repeat Tauopathy Neuroimaging Initiative.ResultsSalsalate and young plasma were safe and well tolerated. PSPRS change from baseline (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) was similar in salsalate (+5.6 ± 9.6), young plasma (+5.0 ± 7.1), and historical controls (+5.6 ± 7.1), and change in midbrain volume (cm3 ± SD) did not differ between salsalate (–0.07 ± 0.03), young plasma (–0.06 ± 0.03), and historical controls (–0.06 ± 0.04). No differences were observed between groups on any exploratory endpoint.ConclusionsNeither salsalate nor young plasma had a detectable effect on disease progression in PSP‐RS. Focused open‐label clinical trials incorporating historical clinical, neuropsychological, fluid, and imaging biomarkers provide useful preliminary data about the promise of novel PSP‐directed therapies.
Ig‐Nobelpreis 2019: Tote Kakerlaken sind die besseren Magnete
Authors: Tomann Rebecca 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSie forschen an Kinderspeichel, verseuchten Geldscheinen, Pizza und magnetisierten Kakerlaken – die Ig‐Nobelpreisträger des Jahres 2019. Der etwas andere Nobelpreis feiert das Ungewöhnliche und ehrt das Fantasievolle.
Bilanz 2019: Bayer
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBeim Leverkusener Konzern Bayer entwickelte sich im Jahr 2019 das Pharmageschäft besser als die Agrarsparte. Mit weniger Beschäftigten als im Jahr 2018 investierte das Unternehmen mehr in die Forschung.
Regionales Fonds‐Stipendiatentreffen in Karlsruhe
Authors: Klopper Willem M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAnfang Dezember 2019 trafen sich die regionalen Stipendiaten des Fonds der Chemischen Industrie (FCI) am Campus West des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie (KIT). Organisiert hatten das Treffen Willem M. Klopper, Professor für Theoretische Chemie am KIT, und sein Arbeitskreis. Zehn Nachwuchswissenschaftler, die durch ein Kekulé‐ oder Liebig‐Stipendium des FCI gefördert werden, nutzten die Gelegenheit, sich auszutauschen und ihre Arbeitsgebiete in Vorträgen vorzustellen.