bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence of Sundaland’s subsidence requires revisiting its biogeography
Authors: Husson Laurent , Boucher Florian C. , Sarr Anta‐Clarisse , Sepulchre Pierre , Cahyarini Sri Yudawati 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIt is widely accepted that sea level changes intermittently inundated the Sunda Shelf throughout the Pleistocene, separating Java, Sumatra and Borneo from the Malay Peninsula and from each other. On this basis, the dynamics of the biodiversity hotspot of Sundaland is consistently regarded as solely contingent on glacial sea level oscillations, with interglacial highstands creating intermittent dispersal barriers between disjunct landmasses. However, recent findings on the geomorphology of the currently submerged Sunda shelf suggest that it subsided during the Pleistocene and that, over the Late Pliocene and Quaternary, is was never submerged prior to Marine Isotope Stage 11 (MIS 11, 400 ka). This would have enabled the dispersal of terrestrial organisms regardless of sea level variations until 400 ka and hampered movements thereafter, at least during interglacial periods. Existing phylogeographic data for terrestrial organisms conform to this scenario: available divergence time estimates reveal an 8‐ to 9‐fold increase in the rate of vicariance between landmasses of Sundaland after 400 ka, corresponding to the onset of episodic flooding of the Sunda shelf. These results highlight how reconsidering the paleogeographic setting of Sundaland challenges understanding the mechanisms generating Southeast Asian biodiversity.
From man to fly – convergent evidence links FBXO25 to ADHD and comorbid psychiatric phenotypes
Authors: Harich Benjamin , Klein Marieke , Ockeloen Charlotte W. , van der Voet Monique , Schimmel‐Naber Marlies , de Leeuw Nicole , Schenck Annette , Franke Barbara 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundMental disorders, including Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), have a complex etiology, and identification of underlying genetic risk factors is challenging. This study used a multistep approach to identify and validate a novel risk gene for ADHD and psychiatric comorbidity.MethodsIn a single family, severely affected by ADHD and cooccurring disorders, we applied single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐array analysis to detect copy‐number variations (CNVs) linked to disease. Genes present in the identified CNV were subsequently tested for their association with ADHD in the largest data set currently available (n = 55,374); this gene‐set and gene‐based association analyses were based on common genetic variants. Significant findings were taken forward for functional validation using Drosophila melanogaster as biological model system, altering gene expression using the GAL4‐UAS system and a pan‐neuronal driver, and subsequently characterizing locomotor activity and sleep as functional readouts.ResultsWe identified a copy number gain in 8p23.3, which segregated with psychiatric phenotypes in the family and was confirmed by quantitative RT‐PCR. Common genetic variants in this locus were associated with ADHD, especially those in FBXO25 and TDRP. Overexpression of the FBXO25 orthologue in two Drosophila models consistently led to increased locomotor activity and reduced sleep compared with the genetic background control.ConclusionsWe combine ADHD risk gene identification in an individual family with genetic association testing in a large case–control data set and functional validation in a model system, together providing an important illustration of an integrative approach suggesting that FBXO25 contributes to key features of ADHD and comorbid neuropsychiatric disorders.
A case for feedback and monitoring assessment in competency‐based medical education
Authors: Egan Rylan , Chaplin Timothy , Szulewski Adam , Braund Heather , Cofie Nicholas , McColl Tamara , Hall Andrew K. , Dagnone Damon , Kelley Leah , Thoma Brent 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeWithin competency‐based medical education, self‐regulated learning (SRL) requires residents to leverage self‐assessment and faculty feedback. We sought to investigate the potential for competency‐based assessments to foster SRL by quantifying the relationship between faculty feedback and entrustment ratings as well as the congruence between faculty assessment and resident self‐assessment.Materials and methodsWe collected comments in (a) an emergency medicine objective structured clinical examination group (objective structured clinical examinations [OSCE] and emergency medicine OSCE group [EMOG]) and (b) a first‐year resident multidisciplinary resuscitation “Nightmares” course assessment group (NCAG) and OSCE group (NOG). We assessed comments across five domains including Initial Assessment (IA), Diagnostic Action (DA), Therapeutic Action (TA), Communication (COM), and entrustment. Analyses included structured qualitative coding and (non)parametric and descriptive analyses.ResultsIn the EMOG, faculty's positive comments in the entrustment domain corresponded to lower entrustment score Mean Ranks (MRs) for IA (<11.1), DA (<11.2), and entrustment (<11.6). In NOG, faculty's negative comments resulted in lower entrustment score MRs for TA (<11.8 and <10) and DA (<12.4), and positive comments resulted in higher entrustment score MRs for IA (>15.4) and COM (>17.6). In the NCAG, faculty's positive IA comments were negatively correlated with entrustment scores (ρ = −.27, P = .04). Across programs, faculty and residents made similar domain‐specific comments 13% of the time.ConclusionsMinimal and inconsistent associations were found between narrative and numerical feedback. Performance monitoring accuracy and feedback should be included in assessment validation.
A quantitative risk assessment model for Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella associated with consumption of informally marketed milk products in Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Weldeabezgi Lijalem T. , Atsbha Teklebrhan W. , Kassegn Hagos H. , Gebremichael Teklehaimanot F. , Berhe Mihret H. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe aim of this work was to collect relevant input data for integration into Monte‐Carlo simulation using 10,000 iterations to obtain quantitative estimates of exposure and associated risk to Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella. Higher prevalence rates of S. aureus (54.9 vs. 28.3%) and Salmonella (12.9 vs. 11.1%) were observed for raw milk distributed via collection milk collection centers (MCC) compared to those via dairy farms (DF). Prevalence found for S. aureus in traditionally fermented milk averaged only 3.7%. Although the 90% CI estimated probabilities of exposures to S. aureus due to DF and MCC raw milk consumption at levels higher than the D‐R value found were 10.6 and 23.5%, respectively, exposures to Salmonella were within the pathogen's tolerable limit. While annual likely of risk of illness by S. aureus due to DF and MCC raw milk consumptions resulted in up to 24.2 and 48.3% estimated illnesses, respectively, traditionally fermented milk consumption was found very much less risky; and resulted only 2.5% estimated illnesses per‐serving‐per‐year. The corresponding values for Salmonella per‐serving‐per‐year estimated illnesses via raw milk sales are, respectively, 5.72 and 11.41% compared to 1.8 and 4.02% when they come in boiled forms.
Contamination of Common Area and Rehabilitation Gym Environment with Multidrug‐Resistant Organisms
Authors: Gontjes Kyle J. , Gibson Kristen E. , Lansing Bonnie , Cassone Marco , Mody Lona 
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVESTo quantify the multidrug‐resistant organism (MDRO) burden of high‐touch common area and rehabilitation gym surfaces, and to assess microorganism transfer potential during rehabilitation sessions.DESIGNProspective study of environmental contamination.SETTINGNursing home (NH).PARTICIPANTSSix Michigan NHs.MEASUREMENTSMonthly samples from common area surfaces (eg, living room), rehabilitation equipment, and rehabilitation personnel hands were screened for methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin‐resistant enterococci (VRE), and resistant gram‐negative bacilli (R‐GNB). To assess microorganism transfer potential, we conducted an in‐depth assessment of microorganism transfer during 10 rehabilitation sessions. Microorganism transfer was defined as the identification of a microorganism on a destination surface that was uncontaminated before the rehabilitation session. Patient frequency of common area usage was also assessed qualitatively.RESULTSWe obtained 1338 common area specimens from 180 monthly facility visits, of which 13.4% (179/1338) were MDRO positive: MRSA, 3.8%; VRE, 5.8%; and R‐GNB, 5.1%. A total of 64% (116/180) of sampling visits had at least one MDRO‐positive common area specimen. Within rehabilitation gyms, we obtained 521 equipment and 190 personnel hand specimens during 60 monthly visits. Of the equipment specimens collected, 7.7% (40/521) were MDRO positive: MRSA, 2.5%; VRE, 4.0%; and R‐GNB, 1.9%. Of the 190 rehabilitation personnel hand specimens collected, 3.7% (7/190) were MDRO positive. Overall, 55% (33/60) of rehabilitation gym visits had at least one MDRO‐positive specimen. Microorganism transfer assessment during 10 rehabilitation sessions revealed 35 opportunities for transfer during which microorganism transfer occurred in 17.1% (6/35) of opportunities.CONCLUSIONNH common areas and rehabilitation gyms are MDRO reservoirs that may contribute to the transmission of healthcare‐associated pathogens. Because NHs accommodate the increasing short‐stay patient population, developing effective interventions that reduce MDRO transmission in the common area and rehabilitation gym environment should be considered an infection prevention priority. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:478–485, 2020
Advance Care Planning: Social Isolation Matters
Authors: Cudjoe Thomas K.M. , Boyd Cynthia M. , Wolff Jennifer L. , Roth David L. 
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUNDSocial isolation is a risk factor for poor health that influences the well‐being older adults.OBJECTIVEWe compare advance care planning (ACP) engagement of older adults who were severely socially isolated, socially isolated, and not socially isolated.DESIGNCross‐sectional analysis of the 2012 National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS).SETTINGUnited States of America.PARTICIPANTSA total of 2015 older adults (aged ≥65 years) randomly selected from a representative sample of community‐dwelling Medicare beneficiaries to participate in an ACP module as part of an annual in‐person interview.MEASUREMENTSWe classified participants in three groups: severely socially isolated, socially isolated, or not socially isolated. ACP refers to three (yes/no) questions regarding whether a participant had a: (1) prior discussion about care preferences in the case of serious illness (EOL Discussion); (2) durable power of attorney (DPOA); and (3) advance directive (AD). We performed logistic regression analyses to examine the association between social isolation and ACP.RESULTSApproximately 23% of older adults were either severely socially isolated or socially isolated. Older adults who experienced social isolation were less likely to engage in ACP than those who were not socially isolated. In adjusted analysis, older adults who were socially isolated had lower odds of having an EOL discussion (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.49‐0.87) or having a DPOA (AOR = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.53‐0.96) compared to those who were not socially isolated.CONCLUSIONSocial isolation is associated with lower engagement in ACP. Clinicians should identify older adults who are at risk for or experience social isolation as they may benefit from targeted ACP efforts. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:841–846, 2020
Financial Dampening
Authors: WIELAND JOHANNES F. , YANG MU‐JEUNG 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe propose a novel mechanism, “financial dampening,” whereby loan retrenchment by banks attenuates the effectiveness of monetary policy. The theory unifies an endogenous supply of illiquid local loans and risk sharing among subsidiaries of bank holding companies (BHCs). We derive an instrumental variable (IV) strategy that separates supply‐driven loan retrenchment from local loan demand by exploiting linkages through BHC internal capital markets across spatially separate BHC member banks. We estimate that retrenching banks increase loan supply substantially less in response to exogenous monetary policy rate reductions. This relative decline has persistent effects on local employment and thus provides a rationale for slow recoveries from financial distress.
Is the project ‘mine’ or ‘ours’? A multilevel investigation of the effects of individual and collective psychological ownership
Authors: Martinaityte Ieva , Unsworth Kerrie L. , Sacramento Claudia A. 
Published: December 2019

Challenging the dominant view that individual psychological ownership (IPO) is only relevant at the individual and collective psychological ownership (CPO) at the group level, we developed a multilevel model of psychological ownership. We distinguished theoretically and empirically between two types of ownerships and test how IPO and CPO effect individual and team behaviours. Data were obtained across three‐time points from 186 members and their managers in 39 project teams from multiple countries. Results revealed that, at the individual level, both IPO and CPO were positively related to individual engagement which, in turn, related to individual creativity. However at the group level, group‐mean IPO was negatively related to team engagement, while group‐mean CPO was positively related to team engagement. Team engagement, in turn, was positively related to team creativity. This study sheds light on IPO and CPO as being independent constructs with distinct positive and negative effects on individual and team processes and outcomes.Practitioner points

In a team project, it is important for every member to feel personal ownership towards the project as it drives individuals to invest more effort and be more creative in the project.

At the same time, managers should be aware that individual ownership minimizes collective effort. Teams with high individual ownership are less collectively engaged, which in turn diminishes team creativity.

Managers should invest time in making each team member feel like a project owner, but also focusing on teams developing a feeling of collective ownership (‘This is our project’) if they expect higher team dedication and more creative project outcomes.
Single Implant Retained Overdenture Treatment Protocol: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Padmanabhan Harini , Kumar S. Madhan , Kumar V. Anand 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeThis systematic review was undertaken to establish the most favourable protocol to treat an edentulous mandible with a single implant‐retained overdenture. The formulated PICO question was: “Which surgical and prosthetic protocols result in the highest survival and complication rates of implants and prostheses employed in a single implant retained overdenture for the rehabilitation of a completely edentulous mandibular ridge?”Materials and MethodsA structured literature search was conducted using the following databases; PubMed, ScienceDirect, COCHRANE, LILACS, IndeMED, OVID, EMBASE, NIH Clinical Trials for reports related to the single implant‐retained overdenture treatment. Only English articles were included. Publications with a minimum follow up time of 1 year and above were included for meta‐analysis. A Poisson regression model was applied to estimate the survival rates of the implant and prosthesis employed.ResultsThe electronic database search yielded 2083 titles and abstracts; and a total of 17 were selected for the systematic review, of which 11 studies were subjected to meta‐analysis. The implants showed high estimated five and 10‐year survival rates of 91.93% and 84.62%, respectively. Implants that were delayed loaded showed the greatest survival rates, while immediately loaded implants presented with higher survival rates at five (p = 0.849) and 10 years (p = 0.464) when compared to early loaded implants. The greatest number of fractures were associated with ball abutments with an event rate of 10.8 (95% CI: 10.5‐11.09) per 100 prosthesis years, while locator abutments showed a greater number of maintenance events with an event rate of 16.84(95% CI:16.01‐17.66) per 100 prosthesis years.ConclusionSingle implant‐retained overdenture treatment is a cost‐effective, minimally invasive and simple treatment that can be used to restore function and aesthetics to edentulous patients, with relatively high implant and prosthesis success rates and minimal complications.
Overestimating One's “Green” Behavior: Better‐Than‐Average Bias May Function to Reduce Perceived Personal Threat from Climate Change
Authors: Leviston Zoe , Uren Hannah V. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe actions of others, and what others approve of, can be a powerful tool for promoting proenvironmental behavior. A potential barrier to the utility of social norms, however, are cognitive biases in how people perceive themselves and others, including the better‐than‐average effect. This effect describes the tendency for people to think they are exceptional, especially when compared with their peers. To investigate the role of the better‐than‐average effect in proenvironmental behavior, we administered questions as part of a larger online survey of 5,219 nationally representative Australians. Participants were asked to report whether they engaged in a list of 21 proenvironmental behaviors, and then asked to estimate how their engagement compared with that of the average Australian. Over half of our participants self‐enhanced; they overestimated their engagement in proenvironmental behaviors relative to others. Self‐enhancement was related to reduced perceptions of personal harm from climate change, more favorable assessments of coping ability, less guilt, and lower moral and ethical duty to take action to prevent climate change. These relationships held when participants skeptical about anthropogenic climate change were removed from analyses. We discuss the implications of the findings for the use of social norms in promoting proenvironmental behavior.
How Religion Predicts Pet Ownership in the United States
Authors: Perry Samuel L. , Burge Ryan P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOver 60 percent of Americans have some sort of family pet. Although studies have explored the personality and demographic correlates of pet ownership, none have considered whether religious characteristics may influence not only pet ownership, but the kind of pet Americans own. Drawing on data from the 2018 General Social Survey, we examine the religious antecedents of pet ownership in general as well as owning a cat or a dog, taking into account factors previously associated with owning certain pets (e.g., urban vs. rural residence, political affiliation). Although religious tradition and biblical literalism generally do not predict pet ownership, frequent worship attendees and the most conservative evangelicals report owning fewer pets. Religious characteristics also predict Americans’ ownership of particular pets. Most notably, we find a strong, negative association between worship attendance and cat ownership. We theorize potential mechanisms. On the one hand, certain personality types might simultaneously attract some Americans toward religious participation and away from pets, and cats in particular. Alternatively, to the extent that pet ownership is a partial substitute for human bonding and interaction, Americans more deeply embedded within a religious community may have less need (or time) for pets generally, and specifically more independent “roommate pets,” like cats.
Antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates from ambulatory practice and from a referral hospital
Authors: Potier Julie F. N. , Durham Andy E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundResponsible use of antimicrobials in equine practice relies on knowledge of common bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial sensitivities.ObjectivesTo assess the frequency of bacterial resistance to a combination of parenteral penicillin and gentamicin and to trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole for PO use in a selection of clinical isolates, and subsequently to determine the prevalence of resistance to antimicrobials that might then be used as alternatives to first‐line antimicrobials for the same isolates.MethodsRetrospective analysis of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antimicrobials for 6354 bacterial isolates from 365 ambulatory practices and 519 isolates from a referral hospital. The MICs were used to indicate sensitivity or resistance to commonly used antimicrobials and the prevalences of resistance were compared between origin of the isolates, and among antimicrobial drugs.ResultsIsolates from the referral hospital were significantly (P < .05) more likely to be resistant to the antimicrobials tested than those derived from ambulatory practice. Overall, 91% of the ambulatory isolates and 64% of the hospital isolates were sensitive to penicillin‐gentamicin. For trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole combination, 82% of the ambulatory practice isolates and 56% of the referral hospital isolates were sensitive.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceMost isolates were sensitive to penicillin and gentamicin as well as trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole. No predictable efficacious second choice antimicrobial was identified for those isolates resistant to the first‐line antimicrobials. The likelihood of isolates being sensitive to second choice antimicrobials was variable but generally higher for ambulatory isolates compared to referral isolates. Bacterial identification and measurement of MIC are essential to make the appropriate antimicrobial choice.
Pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin in Green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) following intravenous and intramuscular administration at two dosage rates
Authors: Poapolathep Saranya , Laovechprasit Weerapong , Giorgi Mario , Monanunsap Somchai , Klangkaew Narumol , Phaochoosak Napasorn , Kongchandee Petcharat , Poapolathep Amnart 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLimited pharmacokinetic information to establish suitable therapeutic plans is available for green sea turtles. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of marbofloxacin (MBF) in the green sea turtle, Chelonia mydas, following single intravenous (i.v.) or intramuscular (i.m.) administration at two dosages of 2 and 4 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). Blood samples were collected at assigned times up to 168 hr. MBF in plasma was extracted using liquid–liquid extraction and analyzed by a validated high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). MBF was quantifiable from 15 min to 96 hr after i.v. and i.m. administrations at two dose rates. A noncompartmental model was used to fit the plasma concentration of MBF versus time curve for each green sea turtle. The t1/2λz value, similar for both the dosages (22–28 hr), indicated that the overall rate of elimination of MBF in green sea turtles is relatively slow. The average i.m. F% ranged 88%–103%. MBF is a concentration‐dependent drug and the AUC/MIC ratio is the best PK/PD predictor for its efficacy. The MBF dosage of 4 mg/kg appeared to produce an appropriate value of the PK‐PD surrogate that predicts antibacterial success for disease caused by susceptible bacteria. In contrast, i.m. administration of MBF at a dosage of 2 mg/kg b.w. was not found to produce a suitable PK‐PD surrogate index. However, further studies of multiple doses and plasma binding proteins are warranted to confirm an appropriate dosage regimen.