bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of possible serious bacterial infection in young infants closer to home when referral is not feasible: Lessons from implementation research in Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Goyal Nidhi , Rongsen-Chandola Temsunaro , Sood Mangla , Sinha Bireshwar , Kumar Amit , Qazi Shamim Ahmad , Aboubaker Samira , Nisar Yasir Bin , Bahl Rajiv , Bhan Maharaj Kishan , Bhandari Nita 
Published: December 2020

Background
Government of India and the World Health Organization have guidelines for outpatient management of young infants 0–59 days with signs of Possible Serious Bacterial Infection (PSBI), when referral is not feasible. Implementation research was conducted to identify facilitators and barriers to operationalizing these guidelines.

Methods
Himachal Pradesh government implemented the guidelines in program settings supported by Centre for Health Research and Development, Society for Applied Studies. The strategy included community sensitization, skill enhancement of Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA), Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs) and Medical Officers (MOs) to identify PSBI and treat when referral was not feasible. The research team collected information on facilitators and barriers. A technical support unit provided training and oversight.

Findings
Among 1997 live births from June 2017 to January 2019, we identified 160 cases of PSBI in young infants resulting in a coverage of 80%, assuming an incidence of 10%. Of these,29(18.1%) had signs of critical illness (CI), 92 (57.5%) had clinical severe infection (CSI), 5 (3.1%)had severe pneumonia (only fast breathing in young infants 0–6 days), while 34 (21%) had pneumonia (only fast breathing in young infants 7–59 days). Hospital referral was accepted by 48/160 (30%), whereas 112/160 (70%) were treated with the simplified treatment regimens at primary level facilities. Of the 29 infants with CI, 18 (62%) accepted referral; 26 (90%) recovered while 3 (10%) who had accepted referral, died. Of the 92 infants who had CSI, 86 (93%) recovered, 65 (71%) received simplified treatment and one infant who had accepted referral, died. All the five infants who had severe pneumonia, recovered; 3 (60%) had received simplified treatment. Of the 34 pneumonia cases, 33 received simplified treatment of which 5 (15%) failed treatment; two out of these 5 died. Overall, 6/160 infants died (case-fatality-rate 3.4%); 2 in the simplified treatment (case-fatality-rate 1.8%) and 4 in the hospital group (case-fatality-rate 8.3%). Delayed identification and care-seeking by families and health system weaknesses like manpower gaps and interrupted supplies were challenges in implementation.

Conclusions
Implementation of the guidelines in program settings is possible and acceptable. Scaling up would require creating community awareness, early identification and appropriate care-seeking, strengthening ASHA home-visitation program, building skills and confidence of MOs and ANMs, uninterrupted supplies and a dependable referral system.
Do HIV patients have mandibular osteoporotic alterations? A mandibular cortical index case-control study
Authors: Nagai Aline , Morita Lucas , Munhoz Luciana , Arita Emiko 
Published: December 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate mandibular osteoporotic alterations in patients with HIV infection in comparison to non-HIV-infected patients using panoramic radiographs. Material and Methods: 26 HIV-infected patients and 142 non-HIV-infected patients (control group) were included in this study. Panoramic radiographs of the participants were assessed considering mandibular cortical index (MCI). Non-parametric comparisons between groups were performed, using Mann-Whitney test, at a level significance level of p= 0.05. Results: HIV-infected patients presented lower bone mineral density (BMD) at mandible, assessed by MCI in panoramic radiographs when compared to non-HIV-infected patients. The medication intake of HIV-infected patients was highly heterogeneous and could not be associated to the low BMD presented in the mandibular cortex. Conclusions: HIV-infected patients may present lower mandibular BMD than non-HIV-infected patients.

Keywords
Panoramic radiograph; osteoporosis; bone mineral density; HIV.
Comparison of total antioxidant capacity of saliva in men based on daily cigarette consumption
Authors: Pashaei Pourya , Alizadeh Zahra , Piri Hossein , Mirzadeh Monirsadat , Kazemi Fatemeh 
Published: December 2020

Objective: Antioxidants play an important role in inhibiting free oxygen and nitrogen radicals and preventing their formation. There are contradictory results regarding the relationship between cigarette smoking and total antioxidant capacity of saliva. In this study, the total antioxidant capacity of saliva has been compared in normal smokers, heavy smokers and non-smokers. Material and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 28 heavy male smokers (more than one pack of cigarettes per day), 28 normal male smokers (less than one pack of cigarettes per day), and 28 male non-smokers aged 25 to 40 years old entered the study. Unstimulated saliva was collected by Spitting method. The total antioxidant capacity of saliva was measured using Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power Assay. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Tukey tests were used to analyze the data. Results: The mean total antioxidant capacity of saliva in male non-smokers was 0.0598 ± 0.08 ?mol / L, in normal male smokers was 0.049 ± 0.04 ?mol / L, and in heavy male smokers was 0.0388 ± 0.035 ?mol / L, which did not show any significant difference between the groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that smoking does not have a significant effect on total antioxidant capacity of saliva in smokers.
KEYWORDS
Smokers; Saliva; Total antioxidant capacity.
Debates sobre as relações do poder local, língua e cultura jurídica em Moçambique:
Authors: Timbane Alexandre António , Vicente Jose Gil 
Published: December 2020

Em Moçambique, o poder local tem enfrentado influências dos partidos políticos, atitude que desvia as intenções da criação deste poder nas comunidades. Os conflitos decorrentes da legislação e das práticas tradicionais em Moçambique têm raízes do passado distante. A pesquisa pretende estudar e debater a relevância do poder local na harmonia social e na estabilidade política e democrática. A língua se liga à cultura se transformam num pilar preponderante para a preservação das tradições. Com este trabalho objetiva-se identificar as relações de poder entre o governo e as autoridades locais; analisar as relações de poder nos processos de negociação e resolução de conflitos; avaliar o lugar social que a cultura jurídica detém e seu papel no processo de governação e propor possíveis estratégias de relações de poder e cultura jurídica. É uma pesquisa bibliográfica, analisando fenômenos por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa com aporte do método etnográfico. Cita-se teóricos como Cistac (2012), Vicente (2015), Weimer (2012), Massuanganhe (2011) entre outros. Da pesquisa se conclui que a cultura jurídica moçambicana está presente nas comunidades rurais embora fosse importunada pelos partidos no poder. A língua local e a cultura participam na determinação das relações sociais o que torna o papel dos lideres comunitários como fundamental para a harmonia social. Concluiu-se que é necessário aprofundar as dimensões da descentralização remetendo-se a uma reflexão sobre a relação entre o objeto a descentralizar, os atores envolvidos, o espaço tempo e as várias agendas que entram em cena nos contextos políticos e sociais específicos.
Delegating Optimal Monetary Policy Inertia in a Small-Open Economy
Authors: Ida Daisuke , Okano Mitsuhiro 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper explores the delegation of several targeting regimes in a small open new Keynesian (NK) model and examines how central banks overcome stabilization bias in a small open NK model. Results indicate that both speed limit and real exchange rate targeting can carry the isomorphic properties of optimal monetary policy over to the closed economy. In addition, neither nominal income growth targeting nor CPI inflation targeting replicates a commitment policy. These findings provide new implications for optimal monetary policy in an open economy.
AVA – europäische und internationale Arthouse- und Festivalfilme
Authors: Fallert Sarah , Scheel Tilman 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
AVA (Audio Visual Access) ist ein europäischer Video-Streaming-Dienst für Bibliotheken, der eine kuratierte Auswahl an europäischen und internationalen Arthouse- und Festivalfilmen aller Genres und Filmtypen anbietet. AVA verfolgt einen modularen und flexiblen Ansatz, der es Bibliotheken ermöglicht, eine für die spezifischen Bedürfnisse der Einrichtung passende Streaming-Plattform zusammenzustellen.
Evaluation of a novel stair-climbing transportation aid for emergency medical services
Authors: Verjans Mark , Schleer Philipp , Kinzius Max , Krumholz Philipp , Phlippen Lovis , Drobinsky Sergey , Radermacher Klaus 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Acute and planned transportations of patients are major tasks for emergency medical services (EMS) and often result in substantial physical strains with a major impact on the workers’ health, because current transportation aids cannot provide sufficient support, especially on stairs. A new stair-climbing and self-balancing approach (SEBARES) has been developed and its usability is evaluated in the context of this paper. Twelve participants operated a prototype in a transportation scenario and user forces, user joint angles and the perceived usability were evaluated. Results show that user forces were within long-term acceptable ergonomic limits for over 90% of the transportation time and a mainly healthy upright posture of the back could be maintained. This resulted in a healthy working posture for 85% of the time, according to the OWAS method, and a good perceived usability. A comparison to the most ergonomic aid according to literature, a caterpillar stair chair, reveals that similar upright postures are assumed, while the operation of SEBARES required only 47% of the forces to operate the caterpillar stair chair. A comparison to a previous field study indicates a reduction of strenuous working postures by a factor of three, which further confirms the ergonomic advantages of this concept.
Optimality and Complexity Analysis of a Branch-and-Bound Method in Solving Some Instances of the Subset Sum Problem
Authors: Kolpakov Roman , Posypkin Mikhail 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper we study the question of parallelization of a variant of Branch-and-Bound method for solving of the subset sum problem which is a special case of the Boolean knapsack problem. The following natural approach to the solution of this question is considered. At the first stage one of the processors (control processor) performs some number of algorithm steps of solving a given problem with generating some number of subproblems of the problem. In the second stage the generated subproblems are sent to other processors for solving (one subproblem per processor). Processors solve completely the received subproblems and return their solutions to the control processor which chooses the optimal solution of the initial problem from these solutions. For this approach we define formally a model of parallel computing (frontal parallelization scheme) and the notion of complexity of the frontal scheme. We study the asymptotic behavior of the complexity of the frontal scheme for two special cases of the subset sum problem.
Two symmetric and computationally efficient Gini correlations
Authors: Vanderford Courtney , Sang Yongli , Dang Xin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Standard Gini correlation plays an important role in measuring the dependence between random variables with heavy-tailed distributions. It is based on the covariance between one variable and the rank of the other. Hence for each pair of random variables, there are two Gini correlations and they are not equal in general, which brings a substantial difficulty in interpretation. Recently, Sang et al (2016) proposed a symmetric Gini correlation based on the joint spatial rank function with a computation cost of O(n
2) where n is the sample size. In this paper, we study two symmetric and computationally efficient Gini correlations with the computational complexity of O(n log n). The properties of the new symmetric Gini correlations are explored. The influence function approach is utilized to study the robustness and the asymptotic behavior of these correlations. The asymptotic relative efficiencies are considered to compare several popular correlations under symmetric distributions with different tail-heaviness as well as an asymmetric log-normal distribution. Simulation and real data application are conducted to demonstrate the desirable performance of the two new symmetric Gini correlations.
Teachers negotiating multilingualism in the EFL classroom
Authors: Pitkänen-Huhta Anne , Mäntylä Katja 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article sets out to explore English as foreign language (EFL) teachers’ views of teaching migrant pupils with multilingual backgrounds in a regular classroom. Previous studies on multilingual pupils have mostly concentrated on second language learning contexts or on the role of pupils’ L1. In an increasingly multilingual world and due to growing migration, this study concentrates on EFL. The data were interviews with English teachers (n=7), who reflected on their experiences with migrant pupils in the foreign language classroom. The data were analysed through qualitative content analysis. The participants had not really pondered on the role of multilingualism in the EFL classroom and some underlying preconceptions could be detected. Teachers’ perception of the multilingual pupil was controversial in that they did not want to draw attention to the linguistic background of the pupil but, on the other hand, they had noticed that multilingual learners had greater language awareness than their mainstream peers. Although not fully aware of the potential of multilingualism and the pupils’ linguistic resources in EFL teaching, the teachers had used several ways of supporting their multilingual learners, reflecting the principles of translanguaging.
A hybrid reconfigurability structure for a novel 5G monopole antenna for future mobile communication
Authors: Shereen Muhammad Kamran , Khattak Muhammad Irfan , Al-Hasan Mua’th 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A novel printed and compact profile monopole antenna with hybrid reconfigurability structure for switching the resonant frequency and direction of maximum radiations is proposed in this research work. A novel mathematical model for the architecture of Reconfigurable Patch Antenna (RPA), considering input impedance, bandwidth, antenna gain, antenna efficiency and resonant frequency is proposed. For the desired functionality, antenna is incorporated with three switches in such a way that Switch 1 and Switch 2 direct the radiation beam patterns towards different directions while Switch 3 controls the frequency reconfigurability. When Switch 3 is ON, the designed antenna operates at 26.4 GHz covering the 24.2–26.5 GHz band. When Switch 3 is OFF, it operates at 28 GHZ, covering the 27.4–29.8 GHz band. The antenna is proposed to operate at the 5G mobile communication band having a center frequency at 27.6 GHz with a reflection coefficient of −21.5 dB. A 3D design tool HFSS has been used for the simulation purposes.
Dihydroartemisinin ameliorates balloon injury-induced neointimal formation through suppressing autophagy in vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Wang Xiaoyuan , Wu Junpeng , Zhang Haiyang , Sun Bei , Huang Renping 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the therapeutic effects of injection of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) into the balloon-injured carotid arteries on balloon injury-induced neointimal formation and to explore whether autophagy is involved in the action of DHA. Percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty was performed in Sprague-Dawley rats to induce neointimal formation, immediately after which DHA (100 μmol/l × 1 ml) and/or Rapamycin (1 mg/100 μl), were injected into the balloon-injured carotid arteries. After 14 days, the serum samples and carotid artery tissues were harvested for analysis. Rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were pretreated with DMSO (vehicle), DHA (1, 10, and 100 μmol/l), or 3-methyladenine (3-MA; 10 mM) for 1 h and then stimulated with platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB; 10 ng/ml) for another 24 h. Animal experiments showed that DHA attenuated the balloon injury-induced neointimal formation, inflammation and VSMC phenotypic transition by inhibiting the balloon injury-induced autophagy activation. In vitro results showed that DHA attenuated the PDGF-BB-induced VSMC phenotypic transition, proliferation, and migration by inhibiting the PDGF-BB-induced autophagy activation. Taken together, DHA ameliorates balloon injury-induced neointimal formation through suppressing autophagy. This study provides insights into the development of a drug-eluting stent using DHA.
Study on the adsorption effect of diatomite on neosolaniol (NEO) in muskmelon fruits inoculated with Fusarium sulphureum
Authors: Zhang Rui , Xue Hua-Li , Li Lan , Bi Yang , Zong Yuan-Yuan , Carelle Jimdjio Kouasseu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Fusarium rot of muskmelon fruit is a common postharvest disease, which not only causes quantity deterioration but also leads to trichothecene accumulation in decay fruits. Neosolaniol (NEO) is one of main trichothecene, which poses a severe threat to human health. In this study, UPLC-MS/MS method was developed to determine NEO in muskmelon inoculated with Fusarium sulphureum. Diatomite was used to remove NEO in muskmelon and the adsorption kinetics, adsorption thermodynamics were analyzed in this adsorption process, and the changes of muskmelon juice quality before and after adsorption were investigated. The results showed that diatomite was a good adsorbent to remove NEO from muskmelon juice. The reaction process fits the Langmuir model and it was spontaneous exothermic reaction and not easy to be desorbed; the kinetic results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity was 12.35 μg/g, and this process fits the Pseudo-second-order model; diatomite had no significant effect on juice quality.
Nurse and midwife educators’ experiences of translating teaching methodology knowledge into practice in Rwanda
Authors: Ndayisenga Jean Pierre , Evans Marilyn K , Babenko-Mould Yolanda , Mukeshimana Madeleine 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to explore how nurse and midwife educators applied the knowledge and skills acquired from attending acontinuous professional development (CPD) workshop on teaching methodologies into their teaching practices in Rwanda.

Methods
A qualitative descriptive design was used with a purposive sample of 15 nursing and midwifery faculty members from six private and public post-secondary schools in Rwanda. Participants were involved in semi-structured individual interviews. Inductive content analysis was used for generating themes.

Results
Five themes emerged describing the educators’ teaching experiences: (1) enhanced teaching practices competencies; (2) application of knowledge and skills gained into classroom and clinical teaching; (3) collaboration and teamwork; (4) facilitators and challenges faced to the application of the knowledge and skills into practice; and (5) indirect outcomes to maternal, newborn, and child health care.

Conclusion
CPD workshops about teaching methodologies for nurse and midwife educators offer a substantive means of improving the quality of nursing and midwifery undergraduate education in Rwanda. There is, however, an ongoing need to address existing barriers to applying knowledge and skills to the practice of teaching.
Hydrogen sulfide as a mediator of endothelium-dependent relaxation evoked by Moringa oleifera leaf extract in mesenteric arterial beds isolated from L-NAME hypertensive rats
Authors: Aekthammarat Direk , Tangsucharit Panot , Pannangpetch Patchareewan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves (MOE) is a potent inducer of endothelium-dependent relaxation of mesenteric resistance arteries of rats induced to be hypertensive using Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been shown to participate in endothelium-dependent relaxation of small resistance arteries. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether endothelial H2S-dependent signaling plays a role in the vasorelaxation in response to MOE.

Methods
Mesenteric arterial beds isolated from L-NAME hypertensive rats were set up in an ex vivo perfusion system for measurement of vasoreactivity. All experiments were performed in the presence of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L-NAME (100 µM) and the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin (10 µM) to prevent the formation of nitric oxide and prostanoids, respectively.

Results
In the presence of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L-NAME and the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, the endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation induced by MOE (0.001–3 mg) was completely inhibited by DL-propargylglycine (100 µM), which inhibits the H2Sgenerating enzyme, cystathionine γ-lyase. This H2Sdependent response was reduced by the KATP channel blocker; glibenclamide (10 µM), the KCa channel blocker; tetraethylammonium (1 µM), and the myo-endothelial gap-junctional uncoupler; 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid (10 µM). In contrast, the muscarinic receptor antagonist, atropine (100 µM), did not affect the response to MOE.

Conclusions
The results may suggest that H2S is the likely mediator of endothelium-dependent relaxation in response to MOE in mesenteric arterial beds of L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. MOE-induced H2S-dependent vasorelaxation involves activation of KATP and KCa channels and requires myo-endothelial gap-junctional communication.
Modeling of Irreversible Two-Stage Combined Thermal Brownian Refrigerators and Their Optimal Performance
Authors: Qi Congzheng , Ding Zemin , Chen Lingen , Ge Yanlin , Feng Huijun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper establishes a model of an irreversible two-stage combined thermal Brownian refrigerator with an intermediate heat reservoir by combining finite time thermodynamics with non-equilibrium thermodynamics. The model is composed of two irreversible thermal Brownian refrigerators working in series. The combined thermal Brownian refrigerator works among three constant temperature heat reservoirs. There exist finite rate heat transfer processes among heat reservoirs and refrigerators. Considering heat leakage, heat transfer losses, and heat flows via kinetic energy change of particles, expressions of cooling load and the coefficient of performance (COP) are derived. The effects of design parameters on system performance are studied. The optimal performance of the irreversible combined thermal Brownian refrigerator is studied. The cooling load and COP are higher when the temperature of the intermediate heat reservoir is close to that of the bottom heat reservoir. Compared with the single-stage thermal Brownian refrigerator, which works between the heat source and sink with the same temperatures, the cooling load of the combined thermal Brownian refrigerator is greater, whereas the COP is smaller.