bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction of distortion by using the low transformation temperature effect for high alloy steels in electron beam welding
Authors: Akyel F. , Olschok S. , Reisgen U. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractResidual stress and distortion of welded specimens are issues when it comes to geometrical requirements. The surrounding material prevents the dilatation associated with transformation in the area of heat input resulting in residual stress and distortion due to thermal contraction. In the past few years, low transformation temperature (LTT) material was successfully used as filler wire to reduce residual stress as well as distortion in the weld seam in arc welding processes. High alloy Fe-based filler materials with levels of chromium and nickel ensure a martensitic transformation at reduced temperatures in a low alloy base material. The LTT properties counteract the accumulation of stresses due to thermal contraction with compressive stresses that develop within the transformed region. This work used a high alloy base material in combination with a low alloy filler wire resulting in a microstructure that shows the same properties as LTT weld metals. This in situ alloying allows for an alloy composition tailored to the process. In order to provide a point of reference, comparable welds were made using conventional high alloy filler wire. As a result, the distortion and longitudinal residual stress was significantly reduced compared to welding with conventional filler wire.
Using caputo-fabrizio derivative for the transmission of mathematical model epidemic Corona Virus
Authors: Tahir M. , Zaman G. , Shah S. I. A 
Published: September 2020

AbstractJust in a week a rapidly spreading corona virus which was originated in Wuhan, city of China, infected more than 20,000 people and also killed at least 427 people in that week worldwide. Corona virus is transmissible and spreading from person to person, while the Chinese commanded authorities are scrambling to treat a flood of new patients in Chines successfully. The said Corona virus has been spread from an initial outbreak in Wuhan, city of China, and invade 25 other worldwide countries. In this article, we considered the mathematical model (Chen et al. Infect Dis Poverty,https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-020-00640-3) in which Bats-Hosts-Reservoir-People and their transmission was taken, while we introduced the population of susceptible Bats and visitors to Wuhan city or any country in same mathematical model. Now we studying two types of populations first Bats-Hosts-Reservoir-People (Chen et al. Infect Dis Poverty,https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-020-00640-3, also introducing susceptible Bats and second visitors to Wuhan city, china or any country in the same model. We used Caputo-Fabrizio derivative with provided result that the addition of susceptible Bats and visitors are not responsible in spread of infection. The numerical result also supported our model.
Hydrochemical characteristics and water quality evaluation of shallow groundwater in Suxian mining area, Huaibei coalfield, China
Authors: Yu Hao , Gui Herong , Zhao Honghai , Wang Meichen , Li Jun , Fang Hongxia , Jiang Yaqi , Zhang Yaru 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to evaluate the hydrogeochemical characteristics and water environmental quality of shallow groundwater in the Suxian mining area of Huaibei coalfield, China. The natural formation process of shallow groundwater in Suxian is explored using Piper trilinear charts and Gibbs diagrams, and by examining the ratios between the major ions. United States Salinity Laboratory (USSL) charts, Wilcox diagrams, and the water quality index (WQI) are further employed to quantify the differences in water quality. The results reveal that the main hydrochemical facies of groundwater are HCO3–Ca, and that silicate dissolution is the main factor controlling the ion content in shallow groundwater. The USSL charts and Wilcox diagrams show that most of the water samples would be acceptable for use in irrigation systems. The WQI results for each water sample are compared and analyzed, and the quality of groundwater samples around collapse ponds is found to be relatively poor.
Understanding of mineral change mechanisms in coal mine groundwater reservoir and their influences on effluent water quality: a experimental study
Authors: Zhang Kai , Li Huifang , Han Jiaming , Jiang Binbin , Gao Ju 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper presents results of an experimental study to characterize the law of mineral change of fallen rock in coal mine groundwater reservoir ant its influence on water quality. The minerals of the underground reservoir of Daliuta Coal Mine is taken as the research object. Simulation experiments were designed and conducted to simulate water–rock action in the laboratory. The mineral composition was analyzed by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), the surface morphology of the mineral was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the specific surface area, total pore volume and average pore diameter of the mineral were measured by fast specific surface/pore analyzer (BET). The experimental results show that the sandstone and mudstone in the groundwater reservoir of Daliuta Coal Mine account for 70% and 30%, respectively. The pore diameter is 15.62–17.55 nm, and pore volume is 0.035 cc/g. Its pore structure is a key factor in the occurrence of water–rock interaction. According to the water–rock simulation experiment, the quartz content before the water–rock action is about 34.28%, the albite is about 21.84%, the feldspar is about 17.48%, and the kaolinite is about 8.00%. After the water–rock action, they are 36.14%, 17.78%, 11.62%, and 16.75%, respectively. The content of albite and orthoclase is reduced while the content of kaolinite is increased, that is, the Na+ content becomes higher, and the Ca2+ and Mg2+ contents become lower. This research builds a good theoretical foundation for revealing the role of water and rock in underground coal reservoirs.
Comparison of MODIS- and CALIPSO-Derived Temporal Aerosol Optical Depth over Yellow River Basin (China) from 2007 to 2015
Authors: Zhang Ziyue , Zhang Miao , Bilal Muhammad , Su Bo , Zhang Chun , Guo Liuna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, Collection 6.1 (C6.1) of different aerosol optical depth (AOD) products of different spatial resolutions were used from the aqua moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) including dark target (DT), deep blue (DB), deep blue (DB), and DT-DB (DTB). These products were compared with cloud-aerosol lidar, and infrared pathfinder satellite observation (CALIPSO) AOD retrievals over the Yellow River Basin (YERB), China from 2003 to 2017. The YERB was divided into three sub-regions, namely YERB1 (the mountainous terrain in the upper reaches of the YERB), YERB2 (the Loess Plateau region in the middle reaches of the YERB), and YERB3 (the plain region downstream of the YERB). Errors and agreement between MODIS and CALIPSO data were reported using Pearson’s correlation (R) and relative mean bias (RMB). Results showed that the CALIPSO whole layers AOD (AODS) were better matched with MODIS AOD than the CALIPSO lowest layer AOD (AOD1). The time series of AOD shows higher values in spring and summer, and a small difference in AOD products was observed in autumn. The overall average value of CALIPSO AOD and MODIS AOD both fitted the order: YERB3 > YERB2 > YERB1. The CALIPSO AOD retrievals have the best consistency with the DTB10K and the lowest consistency with DT3K. Overall, the regional distributions of the CALIPSO AOD and MODIS AOD are significantly different over the YERB, and the difference is closely related to the season, region, and topography. This study can help researchers understand the difference of aerosol temporal and spatial distribution utilizing different satellite products over YERB, and also can provide data and technical support for the government in atmospheric environmental governance over YERB.
Social context and culture influence judgments of non-Duchenne smiles
Authors: Namba Shushi , Rychlowska Magdalena , Orlowska Anna , Aviezer Hillel , Krumhuber Eva G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractExtant evidence points toward the role of contextual information and related cross-cultural variations in emotion perception, but most of the work to date has focused on judgments of basic emotions. The current research examines how culture and situational context affect the interpretation of emotion displays, i.e. judgments of the extent to which ambiguous smiles communicate happiness versus polite intentions. We hypothesized that smiles associated with contexts implying happiness would be judged as conveying more positive feelings compared to smiles paired with contexts implying politeness or smiles presented without context. In line with existing research on cross-cultural variation in contextual influences, we also expected these effects to be larger in Japan than in the UK. In Study 1, British participants viewed non-Duchenne smiles presented on their own or paired with background scenes implying happiness or the need to be polite. Compared to face-only stimuli, happy contexts made smiles appear more genuine, whereas polite contexts led smiles to be seen as less genuine. Study 2 replicated this result using verbal vignettes, showing a similar pattern of contextual effects among British and Japanese participants. However, while the effects of vignettes describing happy situations was comparable in both cultures, the influence of vignettes describing polite situations was stronger in Japan than the UK. Together, the findings document the importance of context information in judging smile expressions and highlight the need to investigate how culture moderates such influences.
Vitamin D baseline levels at diagnosis of breast cancer
Authors: Voutsadakis Ioannis A. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that exerts its actions through ligation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a transcription factor of the nuclear receptor family. VDR has not only physiologic actions in calcium metabolism but also several other cellular effects through extensive binding to the DNA and modification of genome expression. In cancer, it has neoplasia-suppressive effects and various mechanisms of action mediating cancer cell inhibition have been described. Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to increased risk of breast cancer. A role of the vitamin once the disease has been diagnosed is also probable.

Methods:
A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that report on vitamin D levels (in the form of its main circulating metabolite, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-OHD]) in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer was performed. Outcomes of interest included the levels of serum 25-OHD in patients with breast cancer, those of matched controlled, in studies that included controls, as well as respective percentages of patients and controls with deficient and insufficient 25-OHD levels.

Results:
A total of 25 studies (10 with controls and 15 without controls) provided data on the outcomes of interest. Populations from all continents, besides Australia, were represented in the studies. The mean level of 25-OHD in patients with breast cancer was 26.88 ng/mL (95% CI 22.8–30.96 ng/mL) and the mean level of 25-OHD in control patients was 31.41 ng/mL (95% CI 19.31–43.5 ng/mL). In the patients with breast cancer group, 45.28% (95% CI 24.37%–53.51%) had levels of 25-OHD below 20 ng/mL, whereas this percentage was 33.71% (95% CI 21.61%–45.82%) in controls. Similarly, 67.44% (95% CI 48.32%–86.55%) of patients with breast cancer had a baseline level of 25-OHD below 30 ng/mL, whereas this percentage was 33.71% (95% CI 21.61%–45.82%) in controls.

Conclusion:
A high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency is observed in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer and may be linked pathophysiologically with breast cancer development or progression. Therapeutic benefits may be provided by manipulation of the vitamin D pathway in breast cancer.
Feedback of Slab Distortion on Volcanic Arc Evolution: Geochemical Perspective From Late Cenozoic Volcanism in SW Japan
Authors: Nguyen Tai Truong , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Pineda‐Velasco Ivan , Nakamura Eizo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSouthwest Japan is an island arc formed by subduction of the Philippine Sea (PHS) plate. The Quaternary magmatism in this region is characterized by eruptions of high‐Sr andesites and dacites, considered to have been derived by melting of the PHS plate. The loci of these volcanoes spatially coincide with seismic discontinuities of the subducted PHS plate. Thus, the magmatism is interpreted as the result of slab melting at the plate tears. However, the processes that promote slab tearing remain unclear. In this study, we applied geochronological and geochemical analyses to late Cenozoic volcanic rocks in southwest Japan as tracers of slab morphology. Two different magma types, ocean‐island basalt (OIB) and island‐arc basalt (IAB), have occurred over 12 million years (Myr). These two magmas are attributed to different integrations of melts extracted from an originally fertile mantle; the OIBs from high temperature melt (1,300–1,400°C) were extracted at a depth of 40–80 km, whereas the IABs were extracted from a shallower, lower temperature region (30–60 km, 1,200–1,350°C). Secular change in Sr enrichment of IAB likely arose due to a transition of slab‐derived fluids, incorporated into magmas as they formed, from water‐ to melt‐dominant one. Progressive shallowing of the subducted PHS plate is responsible for secular change in the properties of slab‐derived fluids as well as rollback of OIB volcanoes. Production of chemically variable magmas in the Chugoku district is the surface expression of distorting slab morphology by interaction between mantle and the subducting plate.
Quantitative Characterization of Impact Crater Materials on the Moon: Changes in Topographic Roughness and Thermophysical Properties With Age
Authors: Wang Juntao , Kreslavsky Mikhail A. , Liu Jianzhong , Head James W. , Zhang Ke , Kolenkina Maria M. , Zhang Li 
Published: September 2020

AbstractImpact craters are the dominant features on the Moon, and their degradation with time is the most common geological process on this body. This work is aimed at detailed quantitative characterization of this process. We quantitatively characterize crater materials by (1) the topographic roughness calculated from Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter and (2) rock abundances and nighttime soil temperatures derived from Diviner measurements. In contrast to preceding works, we separately consider crater material subunits: central peaks, floors, walls, and continuous ejecta to study their degradation in detail. We mapped totally 4,770 individual crater material subunits. All subunits of the youngest craters are characterized by increased roughness, rock abundance, and soil temperature. These parameters decrease with age and tend toward equilibrium, stable state; the continuous ejecta reach equilibrium more rapidly than other subunits. Kilometer‐baseline roughness of crater walls in the lunar maria is higher than in the highlands. Rock abundances and soil temperatures of the walls and floors of simple craters in the maria are also higher than in the highlands. We attribute these trends to differences in the mechanical properties of the target materials. Although the properties studied are not exact proxies for age, they can be used to assess individual age predictions; for example, several craters that were erroneously classified as Copernican have been detected. We also found that the unusual thermophysical signature of the walls of the Late Imbrian crater Bonpland D is due to recent regolith flows that could have been caused by a strong, shallow seismic event.
Detailed Bathymetry of the Continental Shelf Beneath the Getz Ice Shelf, West Antarctica
Authors: Cochran James R. , Tinto Kirsty J. , Bell Robin E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Getz Ice Shelf (GIS) produces major amounts of basal meltwater due to intrusions of warm modified Circumpolar Deep Water (mCDW) beneath the ice shelf. However, multiple cavity openings and complex geography mean that knowledge of bathymetry beneath the GIS is required to understand ice/ocean interactions. We invert NASA airborne gravity data to obtain bathymetry beneath the ice shelf. Our gravity/geology‐constrained bathymetry is a significant advance on Bedmap2 bathymetry. The sub‐ice shelf bathymetry consists of three cavities separated by topographic ridges extending from the ice shelf front to the grounding line. Passages allowing limited circulation of shallow (≲400 meters below sea level [mbsl]) water between cavities are present, but deeper water is confined to individual cavities. Within each cavity, bathymetric troughs (>900 mbsl) extend from the ice shelf front to subglacial valleys beneath the ice sheet. Our analysis of the gravity data also allows us to infer the presence of thick (>500 m) sediments near the grounding line through much of the GIS, as well as variations in the density and/or thickness of the crust underlying the ice shelf.
Net Ecosystem Carbon Balance in a North Carolina, USA, Salt Marsh
Authors: Czapla K. M. , Anderson I. C. , Currin C. A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSalt marshes have among the highest carbon (C) burial rates of any ecosystem and often rely on C accumulation to gain elevation and persist in locations with accelerating sea level rise. Net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB), the accumulation or loss of C resulting from vertical CO2 and CH4 gas fluxes, lateral C fluxes, and sediment C inputs, varies across salt marshes; thus, extrapolation of NECB to an entire marsh is challenging. Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) inputs to salt marshes impact NECB by influencing each component of NECB, but differences in the impacts of fertilization between edge and interior marsh must be considered when scaling up. NECB was estimated for the 0.5 km2 Spartina alterniflora marsh area of Freeman Creek, NC, under control and fertilized conditions at both interior and edge berm sites. Annual CO2 fluxes were nearly balanced at control sites, but fertilization significantly increased net CO2 emissions at edge sites. Lateral C export, modeled using respiration rates, represented a significant C loss that increased with fertilization in both edge and interior marsh. Sediment C input was a significant C source in the interior, nearly doubling with fertilization, but represented a small source on the edge. When extrapolating C exchanges to the entire marsh, including edge which comprised 17% of the marsh area, the marsh displayed net loss of C despite a net C gain in the interior. Fertilization increased net C loss fivefold. Extrapolation of NECB to whole marshes requires inclusion of C fluxes for both edge and interior marsh.
The Added Value of Different Data Types for Calibrating and Testing a Hydrologic Model in a Small Catchment
Authors: Széles B. , Parajka J. , Hogan P. , Silasari R. , Pavlin L. , Strauss P. , Blöschl G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the added value of different data for calibrating a runoff model for small basins. The analysis was performed in the 66 ha Hydrological Open Air Laboratory, in Austria. An Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV) type, spatially lumped hydrologic model was parameterized following two approaches. First, the model was calibrated using only runoff data. Second, a step‐by‐step approach was followed, where the modules of the model (snow, soil moisture, and runoff generation) were calibrated using measurements of runoff and model state variables and output fluxes. These measurements comprised laser‐based measurements of precipitation, satellite and camera observations of snow, ultrasonic measurements of snow depth, eddy covariance measurements of evapotranspiration, time domain transmissometry‐based soil moisture measurements, time‐lapse photography of overland flow, and groundwater level measurements by piezometers. The two model parameterizations were evaluated on annual, seasonal, and daily time scales, in terms of how well they simulated snow, soil moisture, evapotranspiration, overland flow, storage change in the saturated zone, and runoff. Using the proposed step‐by‐step approach, the relative runoff volume errors in the calibration and validation periods were 0.00 and −0.01, the monthly Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.92 and 0.82, and the daily logarithmic Nash Sutcliffe efficiencies were 0.59 and 0.18, respectively. By using different sources of data besides runoff, the overall process consistency improved, compared to the case when only runoff was used for calibration. Soil moisture and evapotranspiration observations had the largest influence on simulated runoff, while the parameterization of the snow and runoff generation modules had a smaller influence.
Cusp and Mega Cusp Observations on a Mixed Sediment Beach
Authors: Matsumoto H. , Young A. P. , Guza R. T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFrequent surveys using modern remote sensing technology enable observations of subaerial beach morphology and surface sediment type (sand vs. gravel/cobble) with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. Here we show weekly terrestrial mobile light detection and ranging (LiDAR) observations of cusps on a mixed sediment beach, consisting of sand and gravel/cobble, spanning ∼2 km alongshore. Surface gravel/cobble coverage varied from almost complete to none (e.g., all sand), over times ranging from weekly to seasonal, and with location. Cusp morphologies also varied in space and time. Cusps with 11–20 m alongshore wavelengths (L) primarily developed in winter and were composite with gravel‐cobble horns and sandy bays. Cusps with L between 21 and 40 m developed throughout the year and were either composite or entirely sandy. Previously not reported, composite mega cusps (L between 200 and 400 m) occurred in winter. Composite cusps, with L between 11 and 40 m, were clustered in gravel/cobble‐rich mega cusp bays and absent on the sandier mega cusp horns.
Scaling of Magnetic Reconnection With a Limited X‐Line Extent
Authors: Huang Kai , Liu Yi‐Hsin , Lu Quanming , Hesse Michael 
Published: September 2020

AbstractContrary to all the 2‐D models, where the reconnection x‐line extent is infinitely long, we study magnetic reconnection in the opposite limit. An internal x‐line asymmetry along the current direction develops because of the transport of reconnected magnetic flux by electrons beneath the ion kinetic scale, resulting in a suppression region identified in Liu et al. (2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA026539). In this letter, we incorporate the length scale of this suppression region ≃10di to quantitatively model the reduction of the reconnection rate and the maximum outflow speed observed in the short x‐line limit. The average reconnection rate drops because of the limited active region (where the current sheet thins down to the electron inertial scale) within an x‐line. The outflow speed reduction correlates with the decrease of the J × B force, that can be modeled by the phase shift between the J and B profiles, also as a consequence of the flux transport.