bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The three‐dimensional macronutrient niche of an invasive generalist predator
Authors: Christensen Jonathan , Nielsen Søren Magnus Bang , Toft Søren 
Published: January 2020

1. Harvestmen are predators, although they suspected of being partly omnivorous by including fruits in their diet.2. In the present study, the right‐angled mixture triangle (RMT) was used to analyse the macronutritional niche of the harvestman Opilio canestrinii, an invasive species in northern Europe. The study design followed a double‐test procedure in which the animals were subjected to two self‐selection tests: the first one immediately after being caught in the field and the second after 1 week of ad libitum feeding during which the animals became satiated and nutritionally balanced. A comparison of results from the two tests indicates whether the animals were food limited in the field, and whether they were limited by a particular macronutrient.3. Females were found to be food limited in the field, whereas males were not. Opilio canestrinii had a target intake of 28% lipid : 52% protein : 20% carbohydrate [i.e. with a considerable proportion of carbohydrate (sugar) in the diet]. Both sexes were non‐protein limited in the field, with sugar being more limiting than lipid.4. The results indicate considerable inclusion of plant‐derived sugar in the natural diet. This conclusion was supported by a separate experiment showing enhanced performance (survival, gain in mass) in animals whose only energy supply was fresh fruit.5. It is concluded that the harvestman is best characterized as an omnivorous predator.
Spectral Presences ofSi Pai: Begoña Aretxaga'sCipayoand Uncanny Experiences ofSi Paiin Aceh 2008
Authors: Good Mary‐Jo DelVecchio 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis essay explores the spectral presence ofSi Pai, a colonial figure from the Ottoman Empire, during postconflict research in Aceh, Indonesia. I found the uncanny in the emergences over time of the spectral presence ofSi Pai, linked to the presence of my friend Begoña Aretxaga, who had written aboutcipayoin a book we dedicated to her memory. The meanings ofSi Paiare analyzed, using Bakhtin's writing on the history of language and Aretxaga's analysis drawing on Abraham and Torok. The meanings ofsipahiflow across centuries of Ottoman and Persian and colonial military histories, and through webs of emotion and experiences of violence, where soldiers employed or enslaved by Empires, including those from afar, British and Dutch, wreak havoc on civilian life, plundering and committing evil, before finding their way in Aceh. Research in postconflict Aceh provides the ethnographic core; yet, this essay weaves a tale of the uncanny through a journey of anthropological and historical inquiry and uncanny appearances.
Specularizing the Object Cause of Desire of the Dead Other: A Ghost Story
Authors: Rahimi Sadeq 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe ghost that haunts is usually understood as the return of a subject that has lived and died, and yet it, or some representation of it, has refused to leave. Such refusal to leave, however, should not be understood as the manifestation of an agency that wills to stay—at least not in the traditional sense in which we think of the agency of the subject. This article uses a case study of psychosis to trace the ghost's persistence to the semiotic processes that underlie haunting as a phenomenological experience. It examines the psychoanalytic notion of objet petit a as the object cause of desire of an individual or a group of people, left unanchored by certain circumstances. The orphaned objet petit a thus represents the unfulfilled desire of dead subject(s) that lingers in the shared symbolic space demanding heed from the subjects of that symbolic order. As the specularization of such demand, the ghost may represent an individual or a group of people, an era, or a historical past as such. The ghost in this sense provides a window to the process of subjectivity as a pantemporal articulation of meaning, power, and history and hauntology a grammar promising to unpack that otherwise cryptic language.
Chunnilal's Hauntology: Rajasthan's Ghosts, Time Going Badly, and Anthropological Voice
Authors: McDowell Andrew J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGhosts are omnipresent in rural Rajasthan. I recount five ghostly incidents to consider the possibility of ghosts within anthropological fieldwork and voice. Haunting space and time, ghosts also seem to be haunted by desire, power, literature, and bodies. Looking closely to the multiple hauntings of and on ghosts, I examine the ways such multiplex spooks acquire or usurp voice. By taking seriously the possibility of ghosts within or occupying the everyday of claims making, I engage the ways ghosts might point anthropology toward a more anxious relationship with utterance and an ethics of voice that allows for a haunted subject. Recognizing the multiplex nature of ghosts renders them irreducible to windows onto psyche, memory, or social forms and instead leads to a more dynamic perspective on the subject which cannot be unitary or wholly reflexive in a world with ghosts.
Macroscale drivers of Atlantic and Gulf Menhaden growth
Authors: Midway Stephen R. , Schueller Amy M. , Leaf Robert T. , Nesslage Geneviève M. , Mroch Raymond M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe identification of anthropogenic and environmental drivers on length‐at‐age of fish stocks is important to understanding ecosystem dynamics and harvest intensity. We evaluated coastwide annual growth ofn = 187,115 Atlantic Menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) andn = 299,185 Gulf Menhaden (B. patronus), using samples collected from the North, Mid‐, and South Atlantic from 1961 to 2016 and across the Gulf of Mexico from 1977 to 2016. Using hierarchical models of age 1 growth and age 2 growth, we evaluated a suite of candidate predictors including fishery landings, easterly (U) and northerly (V) wind velocity, river discharge, juvenile abundance, and the Atlantic Multi‐decadal Oscillation (AMO). We found age 2 growth rates were smaller than age 1 growth rates for both species and that Atlantic Menhaden growth rates were 3–4 times greater than Gulf Menhaden. Age 1 growth rate of Atlantic Menhaden was positively affected by landings lagged by one year, indicating a density‐dependent mechanism. In addition, AMO (negative effect), and wind U (positive effect) and wind V (negative effect) in the North Atlantic region were significant factors influencing coastwide age 1 Menhaden growth. Wind V (negative effect) and AMO (positive effect) influenced age 1 Gulf Menhaden growth. No environmental factors were found to have an effect on age 2 Atlantic Menhaden growth, and AMO was the only significant predictor (weak negative effect) of age 2 Gulf Menhaden growth. Fishing pressure was the primary influence on age 1 Atlantic Menhaden growth, whereas age 1 Gulf Menhaden growth was primarily influenced by environmental conditions.
The meagre future of benthic fauna in a coastal sea—Benthic responses to recovery from eutrophication in a changing climate
Authors: Ehrnsten Eva , Norkko Alf , Müller‐Karulis Bärbel , Gustafsson Erik , Gustafsson Bo G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNutrient loading and climate change affect coastal ecosystems worldwide. Unravelling the combined effects of these pressures on benthic macrofauna is essential for understanding the future functioning of coastal ecosystems, as it is an important component linking the benthic and pelagic realms. In this study, we extended an existing model of benthic macrofauna coupled with a physical–biogeochemical model of the Baltic Sea to study the combined effects of changing nutrient loads and climate on biomass and metabolism of benthic macrofauna historically and in scenarios for the future. Based on a statistical comparison with a large validation dataset of measured biomasses, the model showed good or reasonable performance across the different basins and depth strata in the model area. In scenarios with decreasing nutrient loads according to the Baltic Sea Action Plan but also with continued recent loads (mean loads 2012–2014), overall macrofaunal biomass and carbon processing were projected to decrease significantly by the end of the century despite improved oxygen conditions at the seafloor. Climate change led to intensified pelagic recycling of primary production and reduced export of particulate organic carbon to the seafloor with negative effects on macrofaunal biomass. In the high nutrient load scenario, representing the highest recorded historical loads, climate change counteracted the effects of increased productivity leading to a hyperbolic response: biomass and carbon processing increased up to mid‐21st century but then decreased, giving almost no net change by the end of the 21st century compared to present. The study shows that benthic responses to environmental change are nonlinear and partly decoupled from pelagic responses and indicates that benthic–pelagic coupling might be weaker in a warmer and less eutrophic sea.
Varieties of consumer credit data regimes: A regulatory governance approach
Authors: Mizrahi‐Borohovich Inbar , Levi‐Faur David 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCredit markets are expanding, and with them also the automated, large‐scale commercialization of personal credit data. The increasing use of data and scores for commodified decision making lends greater urgency to the study of credit data regulatory regimes. This article promotes a comparative regulatory governance perspective as the basis for theory‐driven, multidimensional measurement. In order to measure consumer protection, we distinguish three different subregimes (collection, profiling, and use) and construct a two‐dimensional index of consumer protection (market restriction and user empowerment). We then assess the index and demonstrate its applicability and validity, building on empirical analysis of the regulatory regimes in the United States, France, Sweden, and Israel for the year 2019. Our approach points to a new direction in researching and measuring regulatory regimes in a comparative manner, which looks beyond national analysis toward an in‐depth understanding of other, equally important, levels of variation.
Modes of regulatory governance: A political economy perspective
Authors: Guidi Mattia , Guardiancich Igor , Levi‐Faur David 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article introduces the special issue by presenting a framework for the study of regulatory politics using the analytical tools and approaches of comparative political economy. Having traced the evolution of studies on regulation, it argues that scholars should pay more attention to the systemic features affecting regulation and to the relationship between regulatory policies and their outcomes. The article presents the foundations of an analytical framework based on the “regulatory policy process,” a comprehensive approach that links inputs, outputs, and outcomes. The review of the contributions to this special issue shows that regulatory regimes can be better understood by placing them within the broader political economy of a state or region. A renewed focus on regulatory outcomes can help foresee what one should expect from the impact of a certain regulatory regime on a political‐economic system.
Determination of suitable insect part for non‐lethal DNA sampling: case study of DNA quality and regeneration capability of dragonflies
Authors: Ožana Stanislav , Pyszko Petr , Dolný Aleš 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Genetics has been widely used in insect ecology and conservation. To minimise the effect of DNA sampling on organisms as much as possible, it would be ideal to use non‐invasive or non‐lethal DNA sources. Therefore, it is also very important to determine the responses of organisms to DNA sampling.
In this study, the quality and quantity of genomic DNA samples from three types of insect tissues (exuvia, mid‐legs and wings) were evaluated. As model organisms, we used two dragonfly species of different sizes (Leucorrhinia dubia, Anax imperator). We also tested the regenerative ability of dragonfly larvae as a repair mechanism after mid‐leg cut‐off, with respect to factors such as size and quantity of diet.
We found that DNA of sufficient quality for analyses was obtained from all tested tissues. Nonetheless, isolates from exuviae were conclusively less useful for sequencing than those from the mid‐legs and wings. The highest quantity of DNA was obtained from the mid‐legs. The survival of larvae is not affected by removing the legs, which can usually regenerate.
All the tested tissues could be a source of adequate DNA; however, we concluded that primarily the legs should be used because they provided the best DNA samples in terms of quantity and quality of DNA. Furthermore, their exploitation would not affect individuals seriously if young larvae with sufficient time (at least 6 months) for regeneration are sampled. The exuviae should be used for absolutely non‐invasive studies involving endangered or protected species.
Using Meglumine Diatrizoate to improve the accuracy of diagnosis of cracked teeth on Cone‐beam CT images
Authors: Yuan M. , Gao A. T. , Wang T. M. , Liang J. H. , Aihemati G. B. , Cao Y. , Xie X. , Miao L. Y. , Lin Z. T. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimTo explore in a laboratory setting the feasibility of using Meglumine Diatrizoate (MD) to improve the accuracy of diagnosis of cracked teeth on cone‐beam CT (CBCT) images.MethodologyTwenty‐four teeth were cracked artificially by soaking them cyclically in liquid nitrogen and hot water. The number and position of crack lines were evaluated with a dental operating microscope and used as the gold standard. The artificially cracked teeth were then examined using routine scanning (RS) and enhanced scanning (ES) modes, respectively. For the ES mode, MD was painted on the surface of the crack lines, and then, CBCT scanning with the same parameters was performed after 10 min. A radiological graduate student and an experienced radiologist evaluated the presence or absence of crack lines, respectively. The differences between the RS and ES modes were determined and assessed using McNemar’s test. Inter‐examiner agreement and intra‐examiner agreement were assessed using kappa analysis.ResultsFifty‐seven crack lines were found in the 24 cracked teeth. In the RS mode, the accuracy of detection of crack lines was 23% (radiological graduate student) and 32% (experienced radiologist), whereas in the ES mode, the accuracy was 61% (radiological graduate student) and 65% (experienced radiologist). The inter‐examiner agreement was 0.693 in RS mode and 0.849 in ES mode. The intra‐examiner agreement was 0.872 and 0.949 for the radiological graduate student in RS and ES mode respectively; and one for the experienced radiologist both in RS and ES mode.ConclusionsCompared with routine scanning mode, more crack lines could be detected in enhanced scanning mode using Meglumine Diatrizoate as a contrast medium. MD could be a potential contrast medium to improve the accuracy of detection of crack lines on CBCT images.
Effects of a 4‐week Omaha System transitional care programme on rheumatoid arthritis patients' self‐efficacy, health status, and readmission in mainland China: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Liu Zhi‐Chen , Gao Li , Zhang Wen‐Hao , Wang Jing , Liu Rong‐Rong , Cao Bao‐Hua 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and aimTo our knowledge, the practice of transitional care was not common in mainland China. This study was designed to test the intervention effects of a specific dose (4 weeks) of an Omaha‐based system transitional care programme for Chinese patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis.MethodsThe intervention group adopted a 4‐week nurse‐led transitional care intervention based on the Omaha System. The control group used a comparable length of routine care. The outcome indexes were a Chinese version of the Arthritis Self‐Efficacy Scale‐8, Health Assessment Questionnaire‐Disability Index, and hospital readmission rates. Data were collected from June 2018 to December 2018.ResultsFinally, 88 patients (44 in the intervention group and 44 in the control group) entered the data analysis. Baseline sociodemographic data for both groups were not found to be statistically significant. The self‐efficacy and HAQ‐DI of the intervention group were significantly different from the control group. Although the readmission rates of the intervention group were lower than that of the control group, it was not statistically significant.ConclusionsThis 4‐week transitional care intervention dose is sufficient to provide evidence for improving self‐efficacy to implement disease management and enhancing physical function of patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis.
Results from a double blinded, randomised, placebo‐controlled, feasibility trial of melatonin for the treatment of delirium in older medical inpatients
Authors: Lange Peter W. , Clayton‐Chubb Daniel I. , Watson Rosie , Maier Andrea B. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundDelirium is common in elderly inpatients, causing distress, cognitive decline and death. No known intervention improves the course of delirium; current treatments are symptomatic, and limited by lack of efficacy and adverse effects. There is an urgent need to find an effective treatment for delirium.AimsTo determine the feasibility of a trial of oral melatonin 5 mg nightly for five nights for the treatment of delirium in older medical inpatients, and determine the participants required to demonstrate a clinically and statistically significant decrease in severity of delirium in older medical inpatients treated with melatonin.MethodsThis was a double blinded, randomised controlled trial in general internal medicine units of a tertiary teaching hospital. Older (≥70 years) inpatients with confusion assessment method positive hyperactive or mixed delirium were suitable for inclusion. Subjects received melatonin 5 mg oral nightly for five nights or matching placebo. The primary outcome was the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (MDAS) administered daily.ResultsNo adverse effects occurred due to melatonin. In the treatment group, the mean change in MDAS from baseline during treatment period was 2.5 ± 5.0 points, in the placebo group, 2.1 ± 4.1 points, a non‐significant difference. A power calculation accounting for drop‐out (31.0%), suggests 120 participants would be required to demonstrate with 90% power that melatonin 5 mg reduces the severity of delirium by 3 points or more on MDAS.ConclusionsA trial of the hypothesis that 5 mg melatonin nightly for five nights reduces delirium severity in older medical inpatients would require 120 patients, and is feasible.
Immunometabolism in the development of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Weyand Cornelia M. , Goronzy Jörg J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn rheumatoid arthritis (RA), breakdown of self‐tolerance and onset of clinical disease are separated in time and space, supporting a multi‐hit model in which emergence of autoreactive T cells is a pinnacle pathogenic event. Determining factors in T cell differentiation and survival include antigen recognition, but also the metabolic machinery that provides energy and biosynthetic molecules for cell building. Studies in patients with RA have yielded a disease‐specific metabolic signature, which enables naive CD4 T cells to differentiate into pro‐inflammatory helper T cells that are prone to invade into tissue and elicit inflammation through immunogenic cell death. A typifying property of RA CD4 T cells is the shunting of glucose away from glycolytic breakdown and mitochondrial processing toward the pentose phosphate pathway, favoring anabolic over catabolic reactions. Key defects have been localized to the mitochondria and the lysosome; including instability of mitochondrial DNA due to the lack of the DNA repair nuclease MRE11A and inefficient lysosomal tethering of AMPK due to deficiency of N‐myristoyltransferase 1 (NMT1). The molecular taxonomy of the metabolically reprogrammed RA T cells includes glycolytic enzymes (glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase), DNA repair molecules (MRE11A, ATM), regulators of protein trafficking (NMT1), and the membrane adapter protein TSK5. As the mechanisms determining abnormal T cell behavior in RA are unraveled, opportunities will emerge to interject autoimmune T cells by targeting their metabolic checkpoints.
Reminiscence therapy for older adults with Alzheimer's disease: A literature review
Authors: Cuevas Pearl Ed G. , Davidson Patricia M. , Mejilla Joylyn L. , Rodney Tamar W. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe literature on the use of reminiscence therapy is vast in patients with dementia, but there is minimal evidence in older adults with Alzheimer's disease. The current review seeks to develop a unifying way to administer reminiscence therapy that will be effective for older adults with Alzheimer's disease. The review used the PRISMA guidelines in the literature search and data extraction. Results showed the effectiveness of reminiscence therapy in older adults with Alzheimer's disease, area of cognition, depression, activities of daily living, and quality of life. Additionally, for the therapy to be effective, it must be conducted regularly in a small group of patients for an average of 45 min for 8‐ to 12‐week duration. Patients with mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's disease are most likely to benefit with the use of photographs, videos, and music that are associated with their past experiences. This review highlights innovative ways to render reminiscence therapy to individuals with Alzheimer's disease including technology‐aided applications.
A Review of Envelope Models
Authors: Lee Minji , Su Zhihua 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThe envelope model was first introduced as a parsimonious version of multivariate linear regression. It uses dimension reduction techniques to remove immaterial variation in the data and has the potential to gain efficiency in estimation and improve prediction. Many advances have taken place since its introduction, and the envelope model has been applied to many contexts in multivariate analysis, including partial least squares, generalised linear models, Bayesian analysis, variable selection and quantile regression, among others. This article serves as a review of the envelope model and its developments for those who are new to the area.
What are the most crucial soil variables for predicting the distribution of mountain plant species? A comprehensive study in the Swiss Alps
Authors: Buri Aline , Grand Stéphanie , Yashiro Erika , Adatte Thierry , Spangenberg Jorge E. , Pinto‐Figueroa Eric , Verrecchia Eric , Guisan Antoine 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the potential of a large range of soil variables to improve topo‐climatic models of plant species distributions in a temperate mountain region encompassing complex relief.LocationThe western Swiss Alps.MethodsFitting topo‐climatic models for >60 plant species across >250 sites with and without added soil predictor variables (>30). Testing included the following: (a) which soil variables improve plant species distribution models; (b) whether an optimal subset of soil variables can improve models for the majority of species and habitat types and (c) how much variation in plant species distributions soil variables alone explain.ResultsGeochemical variables (i.e. CaO, pH and inorganic carbon) and a drainage indicator (i.e. bulk soil water content) improved the predictive abilities of the models across the large majority of alpine plant species. The improvement of the models after the addition of soil information varied strongly between plant species and habitat types, but a trade‐off was found between the number of soil variables and the associated gain in model performance. Finally, across all species, one specific combination of soil variables – bulk soil water content + total phosphorus +δ13C – outperformed the commonly used topo‐climatic variables.Main conclusionsSeveral soil variables significantly increased the predictive power of plant species distribution models in the temperate mountain region. Geochemical and drainage variables proved most important.