bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methicillin‐ResistantStaphylococcus aureusin Seafood: Prevalence, Laboratory Detection, Clonal Nature, and Control in Seafood Chain
Authors: Vaiyapuri Murugadas , Joseph Toms Cheriyath , Rao Badireddy Madhusudana , Lalitha Kuttanapilly Velayudhan , Prasad Mothadaka Mukteswar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMethicillin‐resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA), a versatile pathogen bearing multiple virulence determinants, is increasingly being detected in various food‐producing animals, including fish. In addition, it is a potential food poisoning agent. MRSA is not an inherent microbiota of fish; its presence is attributed to pre‐ or postharvest contamination through fish handlers, water, ice, and processing equipment. Several reviews have been written on MRSA in clinical as well as the food animal‐producing sector, but information specific to MRSA in seafood is scant. This review puts forth insights on MRSA detection in seafood, antibiotic resistance, diversity of clones in seafood, and possible control measures in seafood production chain. Emphasis has been given on assessing the variations in the protocols employed for isolation and identification in different food matrices and lay the foundation for researchers to develop optimized procedure.
Study on Antioxidant Activity of Amino Acids at Frying Temperatures and Their Interaction with Rosemary Extract, Green Tea Extract, and Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Hwang Hong‐Sik , Winkler‐Moser Jill K. , Liu Sean X. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSome amino acids have strong antioxidant activity in frying oil. This study aimed to obtain further information including antioxidant activity at different concentrations and interactions with rosemary extract, green tea extract, and ascorbic acid. Antioxidant activity of arginine, cysteine, lysine, methionine, and tryptophan was examined by increasing the concentration in soybean oil (SBO) at 180 °C within the concentration range of 0 to 15 mM. These amino acids showed increased activity with increasing concentration without showing prooxidant activity at the given concentration range. Addition of 15 mM methionine did not inhibit the prooxidant activity of α‐tocopherol at high concentrations in SBO while it significantly increased the activity at each concentration of α‐tocopherol. Methionine showed an additive effect with a commercial rosemary extract while lysine had an antagonistic interaction in SBO at the total concentration of 5.5 mM. Mixtures of green tea extract and methionine did not show better activity than methionine alone in SBO and stripped SBO. (‐)‐Epigallocatechin gallate, the major active component in green tea, showed a synergistic effect with methionine in stripped SBO but there was no significant interaction effect in SBO. Although ascorbic acid had a synergistic effect with methionine in stripped SBO, it showed a significant antagonistic effect in SBO. Methionine had strong antioxidant activity in six other vegetable oils showing a moderate correlation (R2 = 0.45 to 0.52) with the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids indicating the effectiveness may be related to the fatty acid composition of oil.Practical ApplicationSome amino acid such as methionine and lysine showed stronger antioxidant activity than the leading commercial natural antioxidant, rosemary extract. These amino acids showed great potential as a natural antioxidant in frying. The price of food‐grade L‐methionine is generally lower than rosemary extract and green tea extract. This paper provides information on the concentration effect and interactions with currently used antioxidants such as tocopherols, rosemary extract, green tea extract, and ascorbic acid.
Improvement of alopecia areata with Dupilumab in a patient with severe atopic dermatitis and review the literature
Authors: Magdaleno‐Tapial Jorge , Valenzuela‐Oñate Cristian , García‐Legaz‐Martínez Marta , Martínez‐Domenech Álvaro , Pérez‐Ferriols Amparo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDupilumab, a biologic drug approved for the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis, has been associated with resolution or improvement in pre‐existing alopecia areata. We report a case of significant improvement of AA after Dupilumab‐onset treatment for atopic dermatitis and review the literature.
A validated risk stratification tool for detecting high‐risk small bowel Crohn's disease
Authors: Shen Eddie X. , Lord Anton , Doecke James D. , Hanigan Katherine , Irwin James , Cheng Richard K.Y. , Radford‐Smith Graham 
Published: November 2019

SummaryBackgroundDelays in Crohn's disease (CD) diagnosis are positively associated with ileal location and an increased risk of complications.AimTo develop a simple risk assessment tool to enable primary care physicians to recognise potential ileal CD earlier, shortening the delay to specialist investigationMethodsThree cohorts were acquired for this study. Cohort 1 included 61 patients retrospectively identified with ileal CD between 2000 and 2010 and 78 matched controls drawn from a cohort referred for investigation of abdominal symptoms. Cohort 2 included 42 individuals diagnosed with ileal CD and 57 controls identified prospectively. Cohort 3 included an additional 84 individuals with ileal CD and 495 without CD referred for colonoscopy. Clinical symptoms and serological biomarkers were acquired and used to develop a risk prediction algorithm. The algorithm was trained independently on each of the three cohorts and tested on the latter two cohorts.ResultsAltered bowel habit with abdominal pain combined with derangements in white cell count (WCC), albumin and platelet counts were important features in predicting ileal CD (AUC = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.89‐0.92). This was validated in cohorts 2 (AUC = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.95‐0.98) and 3 (AUC = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.92‐0.96). C‐reactive protein was independently associated with ileal CD but non‐signficant in a multivariate model.ConclusionA web‐based risk stratification tool for ileal CD has been developed from objective and symptom‐based criteria. This tool enables primary care physicians to more confidently request urgent specialist assessment for patients identified as at high risk for ileal CD.
Masked bolus gluten challenge low in FODMAPs implicates nausea and vomiting as key symptoms associated with immune activation in treated coeliac disease
Authors: Daveson A. James M. , Tye‐Din Jason A. , Goel Gautam , Goldstein Kaela E. , Hand Holly L. , Neff Kristin M. , Williams Leslie J. , Truitt Kenneth E. , Anderson Robert P. ,   the RESET CeD Study Group
Published: November 2019

SummaryBackgroundIn patients with coeliac disease, FODMAPs in gluten‐containing foods, and participant anticipation of a harmful (‘nocebo’) effect, may contribute to acute symptoms after gluten challenge.AimTo establish acute gluten‐specific symptoms linked to immune activation in coeliac diseaseMethodsWe included 36 coeliac disease patients on a gluten‐free diet receiving placebo in the RESET CeD trial. Double‐blind, bolus vital wheat gluten (~6‐g gluten protein) and sham challenges low in FODMAPs were consumed 2 weeks apart. Assessments included daily Coeliac Disease Patient Reported Outcome (CeD PRO) symptom scores (0‐10), adverse events and serum interleukin‐2 (baseline and 4 hours).ResultsMedian CeD PRO score for nausea increased most (sham: 0 vs gluten: 5.5; P < .001). Apart from tiredness (1 vs 4, P = .005) and headache (0 vs 2, P = .002), changes in other symptoms were small or absent. Only nausea increased significantly in occurrence with gluten (11% vs 69%, P < .001). Without nausea, only tiredness and flatulence were common after gluten. Nausea (6% vs 61%, P < .001; median onset: 1:34 hours) and vomiting (0% vs 44%, P < .001; 1:51 hours) were the only adverse events more common with gluten than sham. Interleukin‐2 was always below the level of quantitation (0.5 pg/mL) at baseline, and after sham. Interleukin‐2 was elevated after gluten in 97% of patients (median fold‐change: 20), and correlated with severity of nausea (rs = .49, P = .0025) and occurrence of vomiting (P = .0005).ConclusionsNausea and vomiting are relatively specific indicators of acute gluten ingestion, and correlate with immune activation. IBS‐like symptoms without nausea are unlikely to indicate recent gluten exposure.
Pathological changes in the cerebellum of patients with multiple system atrophy and Parkinson's disease—a stereological study
Authors: Rusholt Elisabeth H. L. , Salvesen Lisette , Brudek Tomasz , Tesfay Betel , Pakkenberg Bente , Olesen Mikkel V. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMultiple system atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are synucleinopathies characterized by aggregation of α‐synuclein in brain cells. Recent studies have shown that morphological changes in terms of cerebral nerve cell loss and increase in glia cell numbers, the degree of brain atrophy and molecular and epidemiological findings are more severe in MSA than PD. In the present study, we performed a stereological comparison of cerebellar volumes, granule and Purkinje cells in 13 patients diagnosed with MSA [8 MSA‐P (striatonigral subtype) and 5 MSA‐C (olivopontocerebellar subtype)], 12 PD patients, and 15 age‐matched control subjects. Only brains from MSA‐C patients showed a reduction in the total number of Purkinje cells (anterior lobe) whereas both MSA‐P and MSA‐C patients had reduced Purkinje cell volumes (perikaryons and nuclei volume). The cerebellum of both diseases showed a reduction in the white matter volume compared to controls. The number of granule cells was unaffected in both diseases. Analyses of cell type‐specific mRNA expression supported our structural data. This study of the cerebellum is in line with previous findings in the cerebrum and demonstrates that the degree of morphological changes is more pronounced in MSA‐C than MSA‐P and PD. Further, our results support an explicit involvement of cerebellar Purkinje cells and white matter connectivity in MSA‐C > MSA‐P and points to the potential importance of white matter alterations in PD pathology.
Sarcopenia results in poor survival rates in oral cavity cancer patients
Authors: Lin Sheng‐Chiao , Lin Yaoh‐Shiang , Kang Bor‐Hwang , Yin Chun‐Hao , Chang Kuo‐Ping , Chi Chao‐Chuan , Lin Ming‐Yee , Su Hsing‐Hao , Chang Ting‐Shou , She Yun‐Ying , Liu Yu‐Hsi , Lee Ching‐Chih 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the impact or survival of low skeletal muscle mass (SMM) among patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) undergoing primary surgery.DesignThis study was a retrospective cohort study.SettingOral squamous cell carcinoma patients treated at our referral centre from April 2005 to March 2014 were examined.ParticipantsThe cohort comprised 276 patients with OSCC undergoing primary surgery.Main outcome measuresEstimated SMM was measured by calculating the cervical skeletal muscle mass from a CT scan of the head and neck. The 5‐year overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) were analysed using a multivariable Cox regression model.ResultsThere were 276 patients with a male‐to‐female ratio of 12:1. A low SMM (<47.5 cm2/m2) was associated with worse survival. After adjustment for other factors, the result remained robust for OS (hazard ratio [HR] 1.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14‐2.67) and disease‐specific survival (HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.04‐2.67). In the subgroup analysis, worse OS and DSS were particularly noted in male patients (HR = 1.90, 95% CI 1.22‐2.97; HR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.27‐3.19) and in those younger than 60 years of age (HR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.14‐3.22; HR = 2.12, 95% CI 1.23‐3.64) with low SMM.ConclusionsLow SMM was a significant independent factor that was associated with lower survival in patients who have oral cavity cancers and are undergoing primary surgery. Preoperative CT scans of the head and neck could be utilised to evaluate SMM, predict treatment outcomes and facilitate nutrition management.
Hepatic and splenic 18F‐FDG blood clearance rates (Ki) in hepatic steatosis and diabetes mellitus
Authors: Keramida Georgia , Roldao Pereira Luisa , Kaya Guven , Peters A. Michael 
Published: November 2019

SummaryAimThe study aim was to investigate the relationships of blood glucose level (BGL) with hepatic and splenic blood FDG clearances (Ki) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and/or hepatic steatosis (HS).MethodsThis was a retrospective study of 238 patients, including 92 with type 2 DM (DM2) and 11 with type 1 DM (DM1), having routine whole body FDG PET/CT. Patients with lymphoma were excluded. Patients were divided into the following groups: HS−DM−, HS−DM2+, HS+DM−, HS+DM2+ and 2 DM1 groups (hypoglycaemic and hyperglycaemic). ROI were placed over liver and spleen for measurement of SUVmax, and left ventricular cavity (LV) for measurement of SUVmean. Tissue SUVmax was divided by LV SUVmean. This division, giving Z, eliminates bias from the whole body metric used to calculate SUV and renders SUVmax a closer surrogate of Ki. HS was diagnosed when hepatic unenhanced CT was ≤40 HU.ResultsIn all patients, individual hepatic Z and individual splenic Z correlated significantly with individual BGL. Highest mean hepatic Z and highest mean BGL were recorded in HS+ DM2+ group and lowest in hypoglycaemic DM1 group. Patients with DM1 and hyperglycaemia showed low hepatic Z in relation to BGL. Hepatic and splenic Z correlated inversely with CT density in patients without DM but not in those with DM2.ConclusionAs BGL increases, hepatocyte glucokinase is up‐regulated. This includes patients with HS and DM2 but not DM1. We speculate that in HS and DM2, up‐regulation results from insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia. The data also support a hepato‐splenic metabolic axis.
Exploring parental perspectives after commencement of flash glucose monitoring for type 1 diabetes in adolescents and young adults not meeting glycaemic targets: a qualitative study
Authors: Boucher S. E. , Aum S. Hye , Crocket H. R. , Wiltshire E. J. , Tomlinson P. A. , de Bock M. I. , Wheeler B. J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimsTo explore parental perspectives after flash glucose monitoring commencement in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes who were not meeting glycaemic targets.MethodsTwelve semi‐structured interviews were conducted among parents of adolescents and young adults between the ages of 14 and 20 years (inclusive) with type 1 diabetes and not meeting glycaemic targets [HbA1c 81–130 mmol/mol (9.6–14.0%)] participating in a randomized controlled trial. Interviews were transcribed, then thematic analysis was performed to identify themes regarding parental experiences.ResultsFour key themes were found: flash glucose monitoring improved parental emotional well‐being; flash glucose monitoring reduced diabetes‐specific conflict within families; flash glucose monitoring facilitated the parental role in diabetes management; and sensor‐related challenges, particularly sensors falling off, interfered with using flash glucose monitoring for diabetes management. The cost of self‐funded sensors was the only barrier to continuing flash glucose monitoring that parents reported.ConclusionsThis study provides new insights into the potential benefits and challenges of flash glucose monitoring use, drawn from the perspective of parents of adolescents and young adults not meeting glycaemic targets. As parents are often key partners in obtaining or purchasing this technology, these findings can be used to further inform parental expectations of this technology.
Effectiveness of self‐management interventions in young adults with type 1 and 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wong S. K. W. , Smith H. E. , Chua J. J. S. , Griva K. , Cartwright E. J. , Soong A. J. , Dalan R. , Tudor Car L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimDiabetes in young adulthood has been associated with poor outcomes. Self‐management is fundamental to good diabetes care, and self‐management interventions have been found to improve outcomes in older adults. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess the effectiveness of self‐management interventions in young adults (aged 15–39 years) with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe searched five databases and two clinical trial registries from 2003 to February 2019, without language restrictions. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effectiveness of self‐management interventions with usual care or enhanced usual care in young adults. Outcomes of interest included clinical outcomes, psychological health, self‐care behaviours, diabetes knowledge and self‐efficacy. Pairwise meta‐analysis was conducted using a random effects model and quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) criteria. We followed Cochrane gold standard systematic review methodology and reported this systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines. The protocol was registered with PROSEPRO (CRD42018110868).ResultsIn total, 13 studies (1002 participants) were included. Meta‐analysis showed no difference between self‐management interventions and controls in post‐intervention HbA1c levels, BMI, depression, diabetes‐related distress, overall self‐care, diabetes knowledge and self‐efficacy. Quality of evidence ranged from very low to moderate due to study limitations, inconsistency and imprecision.ConclusionsCurrent self‐management interventions did not improve outcomes in young adults with diabetes. Our findings, which contrast with those from systematic reviews in older adults, highlight the need for the development of more effective interventions for young adults with diabetes.
Long‐term outcome comparing histological grades of follicular lymphoma patients treated with immunochemotherapy as first‐line therapy: A retrospective analysis from two institutions
Authors: Mercadal Santiago , Sancho Juan‐Manuel , Climent Fina , Tapia Gustavo , Pomares Helena , Carro Itziar , Sorigué Marc , Pané Maria , Domingo‐Doménech Eva , Encuentra Maite , Aguilera Carmen , Oliveira Ana Carla , Andrade Marcio , Fernández de Sevilla Alberto , Ribera Josep Maria , González‐Barca Eva , Sureda Anna 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo clarify the impact of histological grades in follicular lymphoma.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed 250 patients diagnosed with FL treated with chemoimmunotherapy: 188 patients were grades 1‐2 and 62 grade 3A.ResultsIn our series, grade 3A FL patients were older, higher proportion of localised disease and lower bone marrow infiltration at diagnosis comparing grades 1‐2 FL patients. Estimated six‐year progression‐free survival and time to progression showed no differences between both groups [grade 3A: 56% (95%CI: 39%‐73%) and 51% (95%CI: 41%‐61%) vs grades 1‐2:55% (95%CI: 46%‐63%) and 57% (95%CI: 49%‐65%), P = .782 and P = .521, respectively]. Estimated six‐year overall survival was lower, 76% (95%CI: 64%‐88%) for the grade 3A group than grades 1‐2 83% (95%CI: 77%‐89%); P = .044. In addition to that, cumulative incidence curves of death not related to lymphoma at 10 years between groups were as follows: [0.26 (95%CI: 0.25‐0.27) and 0.05 (95%CI: 0.04‐0.06) for G3AFL and G1‐2FL, respectively], P = .010. Grade 3A FL showed in PFS curve no relapses after 6 years. These results were absolutely reproduced in 199 patients receiving R‐CHOP regimen as induction.ConclusionsOur results indicate similar long‐term outcomes in terms of progression‐free survival and time to progression in grades 1‐2 and 3A. No relapses were observed in G3AFL group after 6 years.
Primary renal lymphoma: A population‐based analysis using the SEER program (1973‐2015)
Authors: Taneja Alankrita , Kumar Vivek , Chandra Abhinav B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivePrimary renal lymphoma (PRL) is defined as a non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) restricted to kidneys without extensive nodal disease. The literature on epidemiology and outcome in PRL is limited to case reports and small case series.MethodsWe utilized Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result database (1984‐2015) to study the demographic, clinical, and pathological characteristics of PRL. We conducted analysis to assess factors associated with overall survival (OS) and cause‐specific survival (CSS).ResultsA total of 599 (0.17% of all NHL) patients were eligible for the study. The age‐adjusted incidence was 0.035/100,000 population and is increasing. The median age was 72 years, and most of the patients were Caucasians and were males. Most of the patients had unilateral tumors, and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was the most common histologic type. The median OS was 112 months, while median CSS was not reached. Age ≥ 60 years was the strongest independent risk factor for worse OS and CSS, while non‐DLBCL histology was associated with better OS and CSS.DiscussionPrimary renal lymphoma is a rare lymphoma with increasing incidence in more recent years. In this study, we describe demographic, clinical, and pathological characteristics of PRL and factors affecting survival among these patients.
Twitter activity, investor attention, and the diffusion of information
Authors: Rakowski David , Shirley Sara E. , Stark Jeffrey R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe examine the impact of Twitter attention on stock prices by examining over 21 million company‐specific tweets over a 5‐year period. Through a quasi‐natural experiment identifying official Twitter outages, we find that Twitter influences stock trading, especially among small, less visible securities primarily traded by retail investors. In addition, we determine that Twitter activity is associated with positive abnormal returns and when tweets occur in conjunction with traditional news events, more information is spread to investors. Finally, we show that retail investor activity drives the Twitter effect as institutional investors less actively trade the affected stocks.
Exploring cycad foliage as an archive of the isotopic composition of atmospheric nitrogen
Authors: Kipp Michael A. , Stüeken Eva E. , Gehringer Michelle M. , Sterelny Kim , Scott John K. , Forster Paul I. , Strömberg Caroline A. E. , Buick Roger 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMolecular nitrogen (N2) constitutes the majority of Earth's modern atmosphere, contributing ~0.79 bar of partial pressure (pN2). However, fluctuations in pN2 may have occurred on 107–109 year timescales in Earth's past, perhaps altering the isotopic composition of atmospheric nitrogen. Here, we explore an archive that may record the isotopic composition of atmospheric N2 in deep time: the foliage of cycads. Cycads are ancient gymnosperms that host symbiotic N2‐fixing cyanobacteria in modified root structures known as coralloid roots. All extant species of cycads are known to host symbionts, suggesting that this N2‐fixing capacity is perhaps ancestral, reaching back to the early history of cycads in the late Paleozoic. Therefore, if the process of microbial N2 fixation records the δ15N value of atmospheric N2 in cycad foliage, the fossil record of cycads may provide an archive of atmospheric δ15N values. To explore this potential proxy, we conducted a survey of wild cycads growing in a range of modern environments to determine whether cycad foliage reliably records the isotopic composition of atmospheric N2. We find that neither biological nor environmental factors significantly influence the δ15N values of cycad foliage, suggesting that they provide a reasonably robust record of the δ15N of atmospheric N2. Application of this proxy to the record of carbonaceous cycad fossils may not only help to constrain changes in atmospheric nitrogen isotope ratios since the late Paleozoic, but also could shed light on the antiquity of the N2‐fixing symbiosis between cycads and cyanobacteria.