bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Test–retest reliability of the Dyskinesia Impairment Scale: measuring dystonia and choreoathetosis in dyskinetic cerebral palsy
Authors: Vanmechelen Inti , Dan Bernard , Feys Hilde , Monbaliu Elegast 
Published: December 2019

AimTo assess test–retest reliability of the Dyskinesia Impairment Scale (DIS) in children and young adults with dyskinetic cerebral palsy (CP).MethodDystonia and choreoathetosis were assessed in 15 participants with dyskinetic CP (13 males, 2 females; age range 5–22y, mean 14y, SD 4y) using the DIS in two separate sessions over 7 days. Exclusion criteria were changes in muscle relaxant medication within the previous 3 months, orthopaedic or neurosurgical interventions within the previous year, and spinal fusion. Intraclass correlation coefficient, confidence intervals (CI), standard error of measurement, and the minimal detectable difference (MDD) were determined for test–retest reliability.ResultIntraclass correlation coefficients of the DIS, the dystonia subscale of the DIS, and the choreoathetosis subscale of the DIS were 0.98 (95% CI 0.94–0.99), 0.97 (95% CI 0.92–0.99), and 0.96 (95% CI 0.90–0.99). The standard error of measurement and MDD were 2.6% and 7.2%.InterpretationThe DIS is a reliable tool to assess dystonia and choreoathetosis; it remains stable over time in children and young adults with dyskinetic CP. These results add to the current evidence for good clinimetric properties of the DIS.What this paper adds

The Dyskinesia Impairment Scale (DIS) shows stability in scoring dystonia and choreoathetosis.

The total DIS score and dystonia and choreoathetosis subscales are clinically useful.
Multidisciplinary healthcare teams' challenges and strategies in supporting people with type 1 diabetes to recover from disordered eating
Authors: Zaremba N. , Watson A. , Kan C. , Broadley M. , Partridge H. , Figuereido C. , Hopkins D. , Treasure J. , Ismail K. , Harrison A. , Stadler M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimTo examine the challenges healthcare teams face when treating people with type 1 diabetes and disordered eating and the strategies these teams have developed to facilitate effective treatment.MethodsFour semi‐structured focus groups were conducted including two tertiary diabetes specialist teams and three tertiary eating disorders specialist teams between July and December 2018. Thematic analysis of the transcripts followed a six‐phase process.ResultsTwenty‐nine experienced healthcare professionals (16 diabetes and 13 eating disorder specialists, 16±12 years' professional experience) were interviewed. The challenges identified in treating people with type 1 diabetes and disordered eating included subthemes the ‘challenges specific to the healthcare professional’ (feeling not competent enough and perceived emotional burden), ‘challenges pertaining to patient factors’ (e.g. difficulties with engaging in therapy) and ‘challenges created by the healthcare system’ (time pressure and staff shortage). Healthcare professionals expressed the need for a consensus on diagnosis and the definition of disordered eating in type 1 diabetes, as well as the need for training and educational resources specific to type 1 diabetes and disordered eating. Healthcare professionals gave practical examples of strategies of communication for better patient engagement and felt that multidisciplinary working in joint clinics with the other specialty were facilitators for recovery from disordered eating.ConclusionsHealthcare professionals require multidisciplinary team support when treating people with type 1 diabetes and to improve their own competencies. The development of effective screening and assessment tools, educational resources and training for healthcare professionals, and developing multidisciplinary treatment pathways will be key to improving outcomes for their service users with type 1 diabetes and disordered eating.
Role for the membrane estrogen receptor alpha in the sexual differentiation of the brain
Authors: Khbouz Badr , de Bournonville Catherine , Court Lucas , Taziaux Mélanie , Corona Rebeca , Arnal Jean‐François , Lenfant Françoise , Cornil Charlotte A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEstrogens exert pleiotropic effects on multiple physiological and behavioral responses. Male and female sexual behavior in rodents constitutes some of the best‐characterized responses activated by estrogens in adulthood and largely depend on ERα. Evidence exists that nucleus‐ and membrane‐initiated estrogen signaling cooperate to orchestrate the activation of these behaviors both in short‐ and long‐term. However, questions remain regarding the mechanism(s) and receptor(s) involved in the early brain programming during development to organize the circuits underlying sexually differentiated responses. Taking advantage of a mouse model harboring a mutation of the ERα palmitoylation site, which prevents membrane ERα signaling (mERα; ERα‐C451A), this study investigated the role of mERα on the expression of male and female sexual behavior and neuronal populations that differ between sexes. The results revealed no genotype effect on the expression of female sexual behavior, while male sexual behavior was significantly reduced, but not abolished, in males homozygous for the mutation. Similarly, the number of kisspeptin‐ (Kp‐ir) and calbindin‐immunoreactive (Cb‐ir) neurons in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPv) and the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (SDN‐POA), respectively, were not different between genotypes in females. In contrast, homozygous males showed increased numbers of Kp‐ir and decreased numbers of Cb‐ir neurons compared to wild‐types, thus leading to an intermediate phenotype between females and wild‐type males. Importantly, females neonatally treated with estrogens exhibited the same neurochemical phenotype as their corresponding genotype among males. Together, these data provide evidence that mERα is involved in the perinatal programming of the male brain.
Host‐plant range expansion to Gymnocladus dioica by an introduced seed predatory beetle Megabruchidius dorsalis
Authors: GYÖRGY Zoltán , TUDA Midori 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA seed predatory beetle, Megabruchidius dorsalis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) native to the Oriental region was first found to utilize a North American Gymnocladus dioica (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) in its introduced area in Central Europe. A maximum of three adult exit holes were found on a single seed. Host‐plants of the bruchine beetle have been reviewed from its native and introduced regions, including a host record of Gleditsia fera from Taiwan. Our review indicated the beetle's strict oligophagy on caesalpinioid Gleditsia species. On the contrary, our finding suggests that the beetle's host‐range extends to the caesalpinioid Umtiza clade. On the plant side, this study provides a counterexample to the enemy release hypothesis that predicts fewer predators/parasites in an organism's range of introduction than in their native range; Gy. dioica is attacked by the seed predator in its introduced region, whereas in its native range it is free from seed predators.
Different patterns of allopreening in the same‐sex and opposite‐sex interactions of juvenile large‐billed crows (Corvus macrorhynchos)
Authors: Miyazawa Eri , Seguchi Akiko , Takahashi Nana , Motai Ayumi , Izawa Ei‐Ichi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAllogrooming, where an individual grooms another, has been extensively studied in various social animals to understand its role in the evolution of cooperation/prosociality. In existing studies in mammals, allogrooming has been suggested to exhibit not only a hygiene but also a social function. Allopreening, a topic of increasing interest in mammals but recently also in birds, has been studied mostly with mature animals. However, in some species immature individuals also show allopreening and its function remains poorly understood. Crows,Corvus spp., are an ideal model to study this phenomenon, because juveniles form year‐round aggregates during their long juvenile stage (e.g., throughout 3–4 years). Here, we investigated the function of allopreening in juvenile groups of wild‐caught large‐billed crows (C. macrorhynchos). Allopreening frequency and duration for three groups of wild‐caught juveniles were analysed to determine whether there was a symmetrical (i.e., reciprocal) or asymmetrical allopreening pattern, and if sex composition of the dyad and/or relative dominance of donor and recipient had an effect. We found that both the frequency and duration of male allopreening correlated with frequency of aggression. Allopreening between both males and females occurred unidirectionally from dominants to subordinates but not in the opposite direction. On the contrary, allopreening between a male and a female was found to be reciprocated, though the absolute frequency and duration were both greater in males than in females. These results suggest that the social function of allopreening in juvenile crows differs depending on the sex composition of the dyad, functioning as a dominance signal for same‐sex dyads, and serving a social bonding function for opposite‐sex dyads. These findings may reflect the potentially crucial roles of allopreening in within‐sex competition and opposite‐sex attraction during the 3 year‐long juvenile stage affecting future mate choice in lifelong monogamy.
Divergent northern and southern populations and demographic history of the pearl oyster in the western Pacific revealed with genomic SNPs
Authors: Takeuchi Takeshi , Masaoka Tetsuji , Aoki Hideo , Koyanagi Ryo , Fujie Manabu , Satoh Noriyuki 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the open ocean without terrain boundaries, marine invertebrates with pelagic larvae can migrate long distances using ocean currents, suggesting reduced genetic diversification. Contrary to this assumption, however, genetic differentiation is often observed in marine invertebrates. In the present study, we sought to explain how population structure is established in the western Pacific Ocean, where the strong Kuroshio Current maintains high levels of gene flow from south to north, presumably promoting genetic homogeneity. We determined the population structure of the pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata, in the Indo‐Pacific Ocean using genome‐wide genotyping data from multiple sampling localities. Cluster analysis showed that the western Pacific population is distinct from that of the Indian Ocean, and that it is divided into northern (Japanese mainland) and southern (Nansei Islands, China, and Cambodia) populations. Genetic differentiation of P. fucata can be explained by geographic barriers in the Indian Ocean and a local lagoon, and by environmental gradients of sea surface temperature (SST) and oxygen concentration in the western Pacific. A genome scan showed evidence of adaptive evolution in genomic loci, possibly associated with changes in environmental factors, including SST and oxygen concentration. Furthermore, Bayesian simulation demonstrated that the past population expansion and division are congruent with ocean warming after the last glacial period. It is highly likely that the environmental gradient forms a genetic barrier that diversifies P. fucata populations in the western Pacific. This hypothesis helps to explain genetic differentiation and possible speciation of marine invertebrates.
The diffusion‐adoption of accrual accounting in Sri Lankan local governments
Authors: Dissanayake Thusitha , Dellaportas Steven , Yapa P. W. Senarath 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to evaluate the diffusion‐adoption of accrual accounting among Sri Lankan local governments. The paper draws on the Diffusion of Innovation theory to explain the factors that assist or mitigate the adoption of accrual accounting as a new accounting practice. Finance managers, charged with the responsibility of adopting accrual accounting, were influenced by two major factors: a centralised knowledge‐diffusion process educating these finance managers about its compatibility; and its observability in practice to understand the benefits of adoption. The paper contributes to the understanding of the diffusion of accounting innovation in developing countries and the role of key players such as professional associations within this process.
Decadal losses of canopy‐forming algae along the warm temperate coastline of Brazil
Authors: Gorman Daniel , Horta Paulo , Flores Augusto A. V. , Turra Alexander , Berchez Flávio Augusto de Souza , Batista Manuela B. , Lopes Filho Euro S. , Melo Mariana S. , Ignacio Barbara L. , Carneiro Ivan M. , Villaça Roberto C. , Széchy Maria Teresa M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe loss of canopy‐forming seaweeds from urbanized coasts has intensified in response to warming seas and non‐climatic pressures such as population growth and declining water quality. Surprisingly, there has been little information on the extent of historical losses in the South‐western Atlantic, which limits our ability to place this large marine ecosystem in a global context. Here, we use meta‐analysis to examine long‐term (1969–2017) changes to the cover and biomass of Sargassum spp. and structurally simple algal turfs along more than 1,000 kilometres of Brazil's warm temperate coastline. Analysis revealed major declines in canopy cover that were independent of season (i.e., displaying similar trends for both summer and winter) but varied with coastal environmental setting, whereby sheltered bays experienced greater losses than coastal locations. On average, covers of Sargassum spp. declined by 2.6% per year, to show overall losses of 52% since records began (ranging from 20% to 89%). This contrasted with increases in the cover of filamentous turfs (24% over the last 27 years) which are known to proliferate along human‐impacted coasts. To test the relative influence of climatic versus non‐climatic factors as drivers of this apparent canopy‐to‐turf shift, we examined how well regional warming trends (decadal changes to sea surface temperature) and local proxies of coastal urbanization (population density, thermal pollution, turbidity and nutrient inputs) were able to predict the changes in seaweed communities. Our results revealed that the most pronounced canopy losses over the past 50 years were at sites exhibiting the greatest degree of coastal warming, the highest population growth and those located in semi‐enclosed sheltered bays. These findings contribute knowledge on the drivers of canopy loss in the South‐western Atlantic and join with global efforts to understand and mitigate declines of marine keystone species.
Serum levels and mutual correlations of amyloid β in patients with depression
Authors: Yasuda Seita , Baba Hajime , Maeshima Hitoshi , Shimano Takahisa , Inoue Megumi , Ichikawa Tomoya , Shukuzawa Hiroko , Suzuki Toshihito , Arai Heii 
Published: December 2019

AimEpidemiological studies have shown that depression is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the biological mechanism underlying the link between depression and AD is unclear, altered amyloid β (Aβ) metabolism in patients with depression has been suggested as a potential mechanism. Results from previous studies of Aβ metabolism in patients with depression have been inconsistent, and Aβ polymerization, which is a crucial process in AD pathology, has not previously been assessed.MethodsSerum levels of Aβ40, Aβ42 and Aβ oligomers were evaluated in 104 inpatients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 132 healthy control individuals.ResultsLower serum Aβ42 levels were observed in patients with MDD, but there was no difference in serum Aβ oligomer levels between the MDD group and the healthy control group, even in older adults. Interestingly, serum Aβ oligomer levels in patients with MDD were dependent on serum Aβ42 levels, regardless of age, and this relationship was not observed in the control group.ConclusionsThese results suggest that Aβ42 is more prone to aggregation and polymerization in patients with depression than in healthy individuals, suggesting a possible mechanism underlying the transition from depression to AD. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 125–129.
Effect of different contents of zirconia and yttrium oxide on microstructure and properties of high alumina ceramics
Authors: Huang Bensheng , Fu Sheng , Zhang Shunshun , Lin Anna , Guan Zhongyi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe effects of zirconia and yttrium oxide addition on microstructure, bulk density, microhardness, flexural strength, and wear resistance of high alumina ceramics (>97 wt% Al2O3, MSA ceramics) composed of MgO–SiO2–Al2O3 system have been investigated. The results show that the addition of zirconia makes the mechanical properties and wear properties of ceramics composed of MgO–SiO2–Al2O3–ZrO2 (MSAZ ceramics) system have been greatly improved compared with MSA ceramics. In addition, the ceramics composed of MgO–SiO2–Al2O3–ZrO2–Y2O3 (MSAZY ceramics) system have better mechanical properties and wear properties than MSAZ ceramics. With the contents of zirconia and yttrium oxide increase, the bulk density, microhardness, and flexural strength of MSAZ and MSAZY ceramics increased at first and then decreased. However, the wear rate shows the opposite. When 0.4 wt% ZrO2 and 0.6 wt% Y2O3 were added to the matrix, the wear rate of MSAZY ceramics reached a minimum of 0.042%, and the wear resistance was improved by about 73.8% compared with MSA ceramics with a wear rate of 0.16%. In addition, the optimum additions of zirconia and yttria are 0.4% and 0.6%, respectively.
Electrochemical performance of Bi2Te3/GO composite anode for LIB application
Authors: Masood Khalid B. , Jain Neha , Singh Jai 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPresent investigation deals with the study of electrochemical properties of Bi2Te3/GO composite for its use as anode material in Li‐ion batteries. The Bi2Te3/GO composite has been synthesized via polyol route. The surface morphology and structural properties of the as‐prepared samples have been studied by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy techniques. The phase of as‐synthesized composite was found out to be rhombohedral as has been characterized by X‐ray diffractometer. The presence of GO in the Bi2Te3 matrix has been confirmed by the presence of characteristic D and G bands in the Raman spectra. The as‐synthesized composite showed the first cycle discharge/charge capacity of 752/514 mAh g−1 at the current density of 0.1 Ag−1, superior rate capability (~50 mAh g−1 at 2 Ag−1), and excellent cycling stability over 500 cycles at 0.1 Ag−1. The presence of GO in the matrix helps to enhance the electronic conductivity due to the rapid Li‐ion diffusion and helps to shield the changes in volume during the cycling processes.
Structural, dielectric and magnetic domains properties of Mn‐doped BiFeO3 materials
Authors: Awasthi Ram Raseele , Asokan Kandasami , Das Balak 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe pure and Mn‐doped BiFe1−xMnxO3 (x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.05, 0.10) nanomaterials have been prepared by coprecipitation method. The powder X‐ray diffraction pattern analysis shows a structural phase transformation from rhombohedral to orthorhombic, as Mn content in the doped BiFe1−xMnxO3 increases from x = 0.00 to 0.10. The Raman spectrum analysis of BiFe1−xMnxO3 also confirms structural phase transformation. The average crystallite size was calculated using the Scherrer formula and found to decrease from 100 to 60 nm. The surface structure of interconnecting cubic grain turns into spherical grains via petal‐shaped grains with increasing the Mn‐doping concentration. The value of dielectric constant at the frequency of 1 MHz increases rapidly from 27.2 to 76.8 whereas the tangent loss (tan δ) increases gradually from 0.26 to 0.55 as the Mn‐doping concentration increases from x = 0.00 to 0.10. It reveals the enhancement of ferroelectric behavior and suppression of the leakage current density. The drastic change in the phase image contrast of magnetic force micrographs with increasing Mn‐doping concentration in BiFe1−xMnxO3 also indicates the improvement of the ferromagnetism.
Bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity from harvest to edible ripeness of avocado cv. Hass (Persea americana) throughout the harvest seasons
Authors: Campos David , Teran‐Hilares Felix , Chirinos Rosana , Aguilar‐Galvez Ana , García‐Ríos Diego , Pacheco‐Avalos Alejandro , Pedreschi Romina 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThe influence of regular air cold storage (7 °C and 85 ± 5% RH) followed by ripening at shelf‐life conditions (19–21 °C and 65 ± 5% RH), on bioactive compounds of Hass avocados was investigated. Results showed that the content of mannoheptulose and perseitol decreased significantly already during cold storage and ripening period. The fatty acid profile and contents of tocopherols (α‐ and β‐tocopherol) and phytosterols (β‐sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol) remained unchanged from day 0 to edible ripeness. Total phenolics, hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant capacity remained unchanged during cold storage and increased during the ripening period. At edible ripeness, significant amounts of phenolic acids, p‐coumaric and caffeic and their derivatives were synthesised. Our results demonstrated that regular air cold storage for up to 37 days followed by ripening at shelf‐life conditions enhances the phenolic compounds and mainly the hydrophilic antioxidant capacity without affecting the remaining bioactive compounds in Hass avocado.
Addition of grape pomace in the hydration step of parboiling increases the antioxidant properties of rice
Authors: Balbinoti Thaisa Carvalho Volpe , Stafussa Ana Paula , Haminiuk Charles Windson Isidoro , Maciel Giselle Maria , Sassaki Guilherme Lanzi , Jorge Luiz Mário de Matos , Jorge Regina Maria Matos 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe conventional parboiling process decreases the total phenolic compounds (TPC) and the antioxidant activity (AA) of rice. In order to change this nutritional disadvantage, in this research we have proposed an unusual solution. Here, we added grape pomace (agro‐industrial waste) in the process during the parboiling as a source of bioactive compounds (BC). An increase in the concentrations of TPC, flavonoids anthocyanins and antioxidant activity was found. Moreover, there was slightly change in the final colour of the rice (which tended towards red) in addition to added proline (NMR spectra), which is an amino acid that is characteristic of grapes. Therefore, we concluded that it is possible to improve the functionality of parboiled rice with the addition of grape pomace, besides promoting the valorisation and use of an agro‐industrial waste rich in secondary metabolites.
Influence of cooking method, fat content and food additives on physicochemical and nutritional properties of beef meatballs fortified with sugarcane fibre
Authors: Mena Behannis , Fang Zhongxiang , Ashman Hollis , Hutchings Scott , Ha Minh , Shand Phyllis J. , Warner Robyn D. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThis study explored effects of different cooking methods, pork fat addition and food additives on physicochemical and nutritional attributes of beef meatballs fortified, or not, with 3% sugarcane fibre. TPA hardness of meatballs with fibre, cooked in boiling water, was lower compared to oven‐baked and pan‐fried (47.11, 56.24 and 59.22 N, respectively). Hardness also decreased with increasing fat content (5%, 10%, 15% and 20% fat; 62.07, 56.96, 54.02 and 45.51 N, respectively). Tetrasodium pyrophosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate provided similar results for all parameters except ash content where cooked meatballs with the latter were higher (1.98% and 2.22%, respectively). Cooking loss of 20% fat meatballs with fibre was lower (17.14%) compared to without fibre (20.28%). Loss of nutrients after cooking was lower for oven‐baked compared to boiling. Using different ingredients to manipulate quality traits of meatballs is an alternative to manufacture suitable products for different market requirements, for example for elderly consumers.