bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consideration of the Management of Pediatric Fever Clinics During the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Outbreak
Authors: Ding Hui , Shi Zhaoling , Ruan Zhen , Cheng Xiaoning , Li Ruying , Zhang Lu , Han Xuanming , Zhang Zhihong , Gao Nairong , Guo Yanzi , Zhang Meng , Ma Wenjuan , Liu Ziquan , Zhang Guocheng 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTSince the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection in Wuhan City, China, pediatric cases have gradually increased. It is very important to prevent cross-infection in pediatric fever clinics, to identify children with fever in pediatric fever clinics, and to strengthen the management of pediatric fever clinics. According to prevention and control programs, we propose the guidance on the management of pediatric fever clinics during the nCoV pneumonia epidemic period, which outlines in detail how to optimize processes, prevent cross-infection, provide health protection, and prevent disinfection of medical staff. The present consideration statement summarizes current strategies on the pre-diagnosis, triage, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of 2019-nCoV infection, which provides practical suggestions on strengthening the management of pediatric fever clinics during the nCoV pneumonia epidemic period.
Antibiotic-resistant pathogens associated with urinary tract infections in nursing homes: Summary of data reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network Long-Term Care Facility Component, 2013–2017
Authors: Eure Taniece R. , Stone Nimalie D. , Mungai Elisabeth A. , Bell Jeneita M. , Thompson Nicola D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjective:Antibiotic resistance (AR) is a growing and highly prevalent problem in nursing homes. We describe selected AR phenotypes from pathogens causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) reported by nursing homes to the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN).Design:Pathogens and antibiotic susceptibility testing results for UTI events in nursing homes between January 2013 and December 2017 were analyzed. The pathogen distribution and pooled mean proportion of isolates that tested resistant to select antibiotic agents are reported.Setting and Participants:US nursing homes voluntarily participating in the Long-Term Care Facility component of the NHSN.Results:Overall, 243 nursing homes reported 1 or more UTIs: 121 (50%) were nonprofit facilities, median bed size was 91 (range: 9–801), and average occupancy was 87%. In total, 6,157 pathogens were reported for 5,485 UTI events. Moreover, 9 pathogens accounted for 90% of all reported UTIs; the 3 most frequently identified were Escherichia coli (41%), Proteus species (14%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae/oxytoca (13%). Among E. coli, fluoroquinolone, and extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance were most prevalent (50% and 20%, respectively). Although Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium represented <5% of pathogens reported, they had the highest rates of resistance (67% methicillin resistant and 60% vancomycin resistant, respectively). Multidrug resistance was most common in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11%). For the resistant phenotypes we assessed, 36% of all UTIs reported were associated with a resistant pathogen.Conclusions:This is the first summary of AR among common pathogens causing UTIs reported to NHSN by nursing homes. Improved understanding of the resistance burden among common infections helps inform facility infection prevention and antibiotic stewardship efforts.
Historical Research through the Lens of Women: The Ming Qing Women's Writings Digital Archive and Database
Authors: Fong Grace S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis essay provides an overview of the goals, main features, and digital tools of the Ming Qing Women's Writings (MQWW) project, which contains more than 400 collections of literary writings by women (17th – early 20th centuries). The website (http://digital.library.mcgill.ca/mingqing/) makes accessible a free archive of scanned images of texts with searchable components and a downloadable database. It highlights MQWW's functionalities and actual and potential applications for literary, biographical, and historical research.
What is Local Knowledge? Digital Humanities and Yuan Dynasty Disasters in Imperial China's Local Gazetteers
Authors: Schäfer Dagmar , Chen Shih-pei , Che Qun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper focuses on the historical politics of disaster records in Chinese local gazetteers (difangzhi 地方志). Using records of mulberry crop failures as examples, the authors ask how gazetteer editors collated Yuan disaster records—initially collected to help prevent disasters and authorize the legitimacy of dynastic rule—in gazetteers and, in so doing, made them into ‘local’ knowledge. Digital humanities methods allow for both qualitative and quantitative analyses, and the authors deploy them to demonstrate how, in structured texts like the Chinese local gazetteers, they could help combine close reading of specific sections and larger-scale analysis of regional patterns. In the first part, the authors show how disasters were recorded in a Yuan Zhenjiang gazetteer to facilitate taxation and disaster prevention locally—a strategy rarely traceable in subsequent gazetteers until the Qing. In the second part, the authors shifted their perspective to the historical accumulation of data and what that reveals about the reception of Yuan disasters: whereas local gazetteers from the north generate long chronologies of mulberry disasters from the Ming to the Qing, others depict the south as disaster-free.
Forced Displacement from Ukraine’s War-Torn Territories: Intersectionality and Power Geometry
Authors: Kuznetsova Irina , Mikheieva Oksana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe number of internally forcibly displaced persons is growing every year across the globe and exceeds the number of refugees. To date, Ukraine has the highest number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Europe, with about 1.4 million people forced to flee from the conflict in eastern Ukraine. Employing Massey’s concept of ‘power geometry’, the modalities of borders, and taking an intersectional approach, this article theorizes how IDPs are situated politically within a protracted conflict. Such an approach offers the chance to see how the reaction to the war brings authorities to see displaced people as a static category and reproduces a war-lexicon in policies, which fractures the space of everyday life. Drawing upon qualitative research on IDPs, the civil society, international organizations, and public officials in Ukraine, the article concludes that intersections of gender and older age with displacement, and the lack of state recognition of these differing groups of IDPs, together with the lack of the economic resources for social policy, produces multiple forms of social exclusion.
Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection of non-native rats in Mount Makiling Forest Reserve, the Philippines
Authors: Estaño Leonardo A. , Bordado Anna Monica D. , Paller Vachel Gay V. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA number of studies had been conducted on rat species diversity in the Philippines, however, there is a dearth of information on the extent of Angiostrongylus spp. infection in various ecological niches. Collection of non-native rat samples occurred in various sampling sites categorized as residential, agricultural and agro-forest in Philippine Mount Makiling Forest Reserve (MMFR) and its adjacent areas . Three species of non-native rats were captured including Rattus tanezumi, Rattus norvegicus and Rattus exulans. Of the total 90 non-native rats collected, 24.4% were found infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Statistical analysis showed significant difference among rat species with highest prevalence observed in R. exulans (42.9%) followed by R. tanezumi (29.8%) and R. norvegicus (7.7%) (P = 0.047). Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection was significantly higher in adults (29.4%) than in juvenile rats (9.1%) (P = 0.050). However, results showed no significant difference in A. cantonensis infection between male (43.3%) and female (18.3%) rats and between wet (31.6%) and dry seasons (19.2%) (P > 0.05). Moreover, this study also revealed that rats from agricultural and agro-forest areas showed significantly higher prevalence than residential areas. With urbanization and the everchanging landscape of MMFR watersheds and buffer zones, zoonotic transmission can pose health threats to the local people.
L2 classroom interaction and its links to L2 learners’ developing L2 linguistic repertoires: A research agenda
Authors: Hall Joan Kelly 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA great deal of research on second language (L2) input has provided useful linguistic evidence for the development of generalizations about and hypotheses on the usage-based nature of L2 knowledge. However, despite the fact that classrooms are one of the most ubiquitous sites of L2 learning, we still know very little about the linguistic quality of naturally-occurring classroom interactions and their consequential role in shaping learners’ linguistic repertoires (Ellis, 2016). These data are needed in order to understand how differences in L2 classroom interactional activities affect L2 learner language. This is the focus of the set of research tasks I lay out in this paper. After a brief overview of usage-based research on language and a summary of the methodological contributions of conversational analysis (CA) and interactional linguistics (IL) to such research, I will explicate a research agenda comprising five tasks for investigating the links between L2 classroom interaction and L2 learners’ developing linguistic repertoires. By making clear the interrelationships between teaching and learning, findings from the studies will offer new insights into L2 pedagogy and the key role that L2 teachers play in designing the linguistic environments of their learning contexts and shaping learners' linguistic repertoires.
Stabilization of a Tractor with n Trailers in the Presence of Wheel Slip Effects
Authors: Keymasi Khalaji Ali , Jalalnezhad Mostafa 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARYThe purpose of this paper is to design a stabilizing controller for a car with n connected trailers. The proposed control algorithm is constructed on the Lyapunov theory. In this paper, the purpose of navigating the system toward the desired point considering the slip phenomenon as a main source of uncertainty is analyzed. First mathematical models are presented. Then, a stabilizing control approach based on the Lyapunov theory is presented. Subsequently, an uncertainty estimator is taken into account to overcome the wheel slip effects. Obtained results show the convergence properties of the proposed control algorithm against the slip phenomenon.
“Born a Leading Lady”: The Political Trajectory of Lucretia del Valle
Authors: Brown-Coronel Margie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis essay explores the life experiences that shaped the political work of Lucretia del Valle Grady. Born in California at the turn of the twentieth century, del Valle Grady traced her lineage to early California Spanish-Mexican settlers. She came of age in the emerging metropolis of Los Angeles and closely witnessed her father's, Reginaldo del Valle, own political career evolve. After a successful acting career, Lucretia left Los Angeles to study in New York and took part in suffrage efforts. While suffrage occupies a center role in understanding women's political work, this essay shows that suffrage functioned as a stepping stone between formidable political experiences. By decentering suffrage, this profile traces the vast scope of del Valle Grady's life of political engagement.
Reconnection‐ and Dipolarization‐Driven Auroral Dawn Storms and Injections
Authors: Yao Z. H. , Bonfond B. , Clark G. , Grodent D. , Dunn W. R. , Vogt M. F. , Guo R. L. , Mauk B. H. , Connerney J. E. P. , Levin S. M. , Bolton S. J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractJupiter displays many distinct auroral structures, among which auroral dawn storms and auroral injections are often observed contemporaneously. However, it is unclear if the contemporaneous nature of the observations is a coincidence or part of an underlying physical connection. We show six clear examples from a recent Hubble Space Telescope campaign (GO‐14634) that each display both auroral dawn storms and auroral injection signatures. We found that these conjugate phenomena could exist during intervals of either relatively low or high auroral activity, as evidenced by the varied levels of total auroral power. In situ observations of the magnetosphere by Juno show a strong magnetic reconnection event inside of 45 Jupiter radii (RJ) on the predawn sector, followed by two dipolarization events within the following 2 hr, coincident with the auroral dawn storm and auroral injection event. We therefore suggest that the auroral dawn storm is the manifestation of magnetic reconnection in the dawnside magnetosphere. The dipolarization region is mapped to the auroral injection, strongly suggesting that this was associated with the auroral injection. Since magnetic reconnection and dipolarization are physically connected, we therefore suggest that the often‐conjugate auroral dawn storm and auroral injection events are also physically connected consequences.
Fully Interactive and Refined Resolution Simulations of the Martian Dust Cycle by the MarsWRF Model
Authors: Gebhardt C. , Abuelgasim A. , Fonseca R. M. , Martín‐Torres J. , Zorzano M.‐P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe MarsWRF model is set up with fully interactive dust at 5° × 5° and 2° × 2 resolution. The latter allows for a better representation of topography and other surface properties. An infinite reservoir of surface dust is assumed for both resolutions. For 5° × 5°, surface dust lifting by wind stress takes place over broad areas, occurring in about 20% of the model's grid cells. For 2° × 2°, it is more spatially restricted, occurring in less than 5% of the grid cells, and somewhat reminiscent of the corridors Acidalia‐Chryse, Utopia‐Isidis, and Arcadia‐West of Tharsis. The onset times of major dust storms—large regional storms or global dust storm events (GDEs)—do not exhibit much interannual variability, typically occurring at around Ls 260°. However, their magnitude does show significant interannual variability—with only small regional storms in some years, large regional storms in others, and some years with GDEs—owing to the interaction between major dust lifting regions at low latitudes. The latter is consistent with observed GDEs having several active dust lifting centers. The agreement between the model's surface dust distribution and observation‐based dust cover index maps is potentially better for 2° × 2°. For the latter, there is also significant surface dust lifting by wind stress in the aphelion season that is largely confined to the Hellas basin. It has a recurring time pattern of 2–7 sols, possibly resulting from the interaction between midlatitude baroclinic systems and local downslope flows.
TMBIM6/BI-1 contributes to cancer progression through assembly with mTORC2 and AKT activation
Authors: Kim Hyun-Kyoung , Bhattarai Kashi Raj , Junjappa Raghu Patil , Ahn Jin Hee , Pagire Suvarna H. , Yoo Hyun Ju , Han Jaeseok , Lee Duckgue , Kim Kyung-Woon , Kim Hyung-Ryong , Chae Han-Jung 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTransmembrane B cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein inhibitor motif-containing (TMBIM) 6, a Ca2+ channel-like protein, is highly up-regulated in several cancer types. Here, we show that TMBIM6 is closely associated with survival in patients with cervical, breast, lung, and prostate cancer. TMBIM6 deletion or knockdown suppresses primary tumor growth. Further, mTORC2 activation is up-regulated by TMBIM6 and stimulates glycolysis, protein synthesis, and the expression of lipid synthesis genes and glycosylated proteins. Moreover, ER-leaky Ca2+ from TMBIM6, a unique characteristic, is shown to affect mTORC2 assembly and its association with ribosomes. In addition, we identify that the BIA compound, a potentialTMBIM6 antagonist, prevents TMBIM6 binding to mTORC2, decreases mTORC2 activity, and also regulates TMBIM6-leaky Ca2+, further suppressing tumor formation and progression in cancer xenograft models. This previously unknown signaling cascade in which mTORC2 activity is enhanced via the interaction with TMBIM6 provides potential therapeutic targets for various malignancies.
Silicon–silicon π single bond
Authors: Kyushin Soichiro , Kurosaki Yoshikuni , Otsuka Kyohei , Imai Haruna , Ishida Shintaro , Kyomen Toru , Hanaya Minoru , Matsumoto Hideyuki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA carbon–carbon double bond consists of a σ bond and a π bond. Recently, the concept of a π single bond, where a π bond is not accompanied by a σ bond, has been proposed in diradicals containing carbon and heteroatom radical centers. Here we report a closed-shell compound having a silicon–silicon π single bond. 1,2,2,3,4,4-Hexa-tert-butylbicyclo[1.1.0]tetrasilane has a silicon−silicon π single bond between the bridgehead silicon atoms. The X-ray crystallographic analysis shows that the silicon−silicon π single bond (2.853(1) Å) is far longer than the longest silicon−silicon bond so far reported. In spite of this unusually long bond length, the electrons of the 3p orbitals are paired, which is confirmed by measurement of electron paramagnetic resonance, and magnetic susceptibility and natural bond orbital analysis. The properties of the silicon−silicon π single bond are studied by UV/Vis and29Si NMR spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations.
Observation of reduced thermal conductivity in a metal-organic framework due to the presence of adsorbates
Authors: Babaei Hasan , DeCoster Mallory E. , Jeong Minyoung , Hassan Zeinab M. , Islamoglu Timur , Baumgart Helmut , McGaughey Alan J. H. , Redel Engelbert , Farha Omar K. , Hopkins Patrick E. , Malen Jonathan A. , Wilmer Christopher E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhether the presence of adsorbates increases or decreases thermal conductivity in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has been an open question. Here we report observations of thermal transport in the metal-organic framework HKUST-1 in the presence of various liquid adsorbates: water, methanol, and ethanol. Experimental thermoreflectance measurements were performed on single crystals and thin films, and theoretical predictions were made using molecular dynamics simulations. We find that the thermal conductivity of HKUST-1 decreases by 40 – 80% depending on the adsorbate, a result that cannot be explained by effective medium approximations. Our findings demonstrate that adsorbates introduce additional phonon scattering in HKUST-1, which particularly shortens the lifetimes of low-frequency phonon modes. As a result, the system thermal conductivity is lowered to a greater extent than the increase expected by the creation of additional heat transfer channels. Finally, we show that thermal diffusivity is even more greatly reduced than thermal conductivity by adsorption.
Gut microbial co-abundance networks show specificity in inflammatory bowel disease and obesity
Authors: Chen Lianmin , Collij Valerie , Jaeger Martin , van den Munckhof Inge C. L. , Vich Vila Arnau , Kurilshikov Alexander , Gacesa Ranko , Sinha Trishla , Oosting Marije , Joosten Leo A. B. , Rutten Joost H. W. , Riksen Niels P. , Xavier Ramnik J. , Kuipers Folkert , Wijmenga Cisca , Zhernakova Alexandra , Netea Mihai G. , Weersma Rinse K. , Fu Jingyuan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe gut microbiome is an ecosystem that involves complex interactions. Currently, our knowledge about the role of the gut microbiome in health and disease relies mainly on differential microbial abundance, and little is known about the role of microbial interactions in the context of human disease. Here, we construct and compare microbial co-abundance networks using 2,379 metagenomes from four human cohorts: an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) cohort, an obese cohort and two population-based cohorts. We find that the strengths of 38.6% of species co-abundances and 64.3% of pathway co-abundances vary significantly between cohorts, with 113 species and 1,050 pathway co-abundances showing IBD-specific effects and 281 pathway co-abundances showing obesity-specific effects. We can also replicate these IBD microbial co-abundances in longitudinal data from the IBD cohort of the integrative human microbiome (iHMP-IBD) project. Our study identifies several key species and pathways in IBD and obesity and provides evidence that altered microbial abundances in disease can influence their co-abundance relationship, which expands our current knowledge regarding microbial dysbiosis in disease.
Prominent members of the human gut microbiota express endo-acting O-glycanases to initiate mucin breakdown
Authors: Crouch Lucy I. , Liberato Marcelo V. , Urbanowicz Paulina A. , Baslé Arnaud , Lamb Christopher A. , Stewart Christopher J. , Cooke Katie , Doona Mary , Needham Stephanie , Brady Richard R. , Berrington Janet E. , Madunic Katarina , Wuhrer Manfred , Chater Peter , Pearson Jeffery P. , Glowacki Robert , Martens Eric C. , Zhang Fuming , Linhardt Robert J. , Spencer Daniel I. R. , Bolam David N. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe thick mucus layer of the gut provides a barrier to infiltration of the underlying epithelia by both the normal microbiota and enteric pathogens. Some members of the microbiota utilise mucin glycoproteins as a nutrient source, but a detailed understanding of the mechanisms used to breakdown these complex macromolecules is lacking. Here we describe the discovery and characterisation of endo-acting enzymes from prominent mucin-degrading bacteria that target the polyLacNAc structures within oligosaccharide side chains of both animal and human mucins. These O-glycanases are part of the large and diverse glycoside hydrolase 16 (GH16) family and are often lipoproteins, indicating that they are surface located and thus likely involved in the initial step in mucin breakdown. These data provide a significant advance in our knowledge of the mechanism of mucin breakdown by the normal microbiota. Furthermore, we also demonstrate the potential use of these enzymes as tools to explore changes in O-glycan structure in a number of intestinal disease states.
Mapping intersectional inequalities in biomarkers of healthy ageing and chronic disease in older English adults
Authors: Holman Daniel , Salway Sarah , Bell Andrew 
Published: August 2020

AbstractChronic diseases and their inequalities amongst older adults are a significant public health challenge. Prevention and treatment of chronic diseases will benefit from insight into which population groups show greatest risk. Biomarkers are indicators of the biological mechanisms underlying health and disease. We analysed disparities in a common set of biomarkers at the population level using English national data (n = 16,437). Blood-based biomarkers were HbA1c, total cholesterol and C-reactive protein. Non-blood biomarkers were systolic blood pressure, resting heart rate and body mass index. We employed an intersectionality perspective which is concerned with how socioeconomic, gender and ethnic disparities combine to lead to varied health outcomes. We find granular intersectional disparities, which vary by biomarker, with total cholesterol and HbA1c showing the greatest intersectional variation. These disparities were additive rather than multiplicative. Each intersectional subgroup has its own profile of biomarkers. Whilst the majority of variation in biomarkers is at the individual rather than intersectional level (i.e. intersections exhibit high heterogeneity), the average differences are potentially associated with important clinical outcomes. An intersectional perspective helps to shed light on how socio-demographic factors combine to result in differential risk for disease or potential for healthy ageing.