bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge sharing in an interorganizational setting: empirical evidence from the Orange Line metro train project
Authors: Iftikhar Rehab , Ahola Tuomas 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to focus on knowledge sharing process in an interorganizational setting. For this purpose, the context examined is the Orange Line metro train project in Pakistan, in which multiple organizations are involved.Design/methodology/approachThis paper adopts a single case study approach. The empirical data comprises semi-structured interviews and archival documents. Thematic analysis is used for analyzing the data.FindingsThe findings present distinct mechanisms of knowledge sharing, which include knowledge sharing tools, both formal and informal; types of knowledge, i.e. tacit and explicit knowledge; and levels of units such as individuals, teams, organizations (internal knowledge sources) and the interorganizational level (external knowledge sources). Based on the findings, the authors propose an integrative model of the interplay between knowledge sharing tools, types of knowledge and levels of units. Furthermore, the findings depict that the knowledge sharing tools and types of knowledge are important at different levels of units, but their importance may vary depending on whether they are primary or supporting for different levels of units.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the literature on knowledge-based theory by examining knowledge sharing in an interorganizational project. The proposed model deepens our understanding of the practices and processes of interorganizational knowledge sharing.
Financial comparisons of under‐vine management systems in four South Australian vineyard districts*
Authors: Nordblom Thomas , Penfold Chris , Whitelaw‐Weckert Melanie , Norton Mark , Howie Jake , Hutchings Timothy 
Published: December 2020

Conventional viticultural practice in Australia and elsewhere involves removal of under‐vine vegetation using herbicides or cultivation. Concerns over the long‐term effects of herbicides on soil health, evolution of resistant weeds and possible impacts on human health motivate the search for alternative weed management options. Industry‐supported trials on commercial vineyards in four South Australian regions investigated standard practices of straw mulch and bare earth created with herbicides, compared to under‐vine cover crops, focusing on soil health attributes (soil carbon, soil microbiological processes, etc.) and grape yields in 2016 and 2017. Measured yields with the Control (herbicide) treatment were combined with published district grape prices and yields over the 12‐year (2006–2017) period, defining multivariate distributions of gross revenues ($/ha). Assuming all treatments produce grapes of equal quality and price as the Control, our results showed median per‐hectare gross margins greater than the Control in the Barossa district, lower than Control in Riverland, and mixed results in Langhorne Creek and Eden Valley. Multi‐year risk profiles, based on decadal whole‐farm (50 ha) cash flows for each treatment, were calculated using Monte Carlo analysis, based on historical yield and price distributions. These risk profiles showed the under‐vine treatments may result in major differences in long‐term vineyard financial viability.
Pastoralism after culture: environmental governance and human‐animal estrangement at China's ecological frontier
Authors: White Thomas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the name of ‘ecological civilization’, the Chinese state has sought to adjust the ecologies of its degraded northern grasslands, using market instruments, such as payments for ecosystem services, to induce ethnic minority pastoralists to pursue non‐herding livelihoods. In the far west of Inner Mongolia, the resultant decline in the availability of rural labour has meant that most domestic camels that remain on the rangelands are now left largely unmanaged throughout the year. Local Mongol officials and intellectuals have long regarded extensive animal husbandry as a bulwark against Mongol dispossession through Chinese agricultural expansion. This article shows how they now make use of dominant ecological and market rationalities to articulate their defence of this form of land use, by figuring these ‘semi‐wild’ camels as providers of ecosystem services. In doing so, however, their proposals bypass the figure of the culture‐possessing rural minority subject, which in this region is associated with training and working with camels, and which has been fostered by the cultural heritage policies of the reform era. Divergent understandings of the ‘wildness’ of nonhumans thus reveal tensions between ecological and cultural politics at China's margins, and anxieties surrounding the rural minority subject in the context of new modes of environmental governance.
Older Iranian Muslim women’s experiences of sex and sexuality: A biographical approach
Authors: Amini Elham , McCormack Mark 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMuslim women in Iran live in a patriarchal society which significantly restricts their freedom and agency. While there is a growing understanding of social change as it relates to younger Muslim women in Iran, the perspectives and experiences of older women are marginalized; mirroring problems with the intersections of age, gender, and sexuality in the West. In order to address this occlusion, this article draws on life history interviews with 30 older Muslim women living in Tehran and Karaj. Adopting a biographical life course approach, and examining pivotal moments related to sexuality in their lives, we discuss how cultural meanings and symbols of sexuality have emerged and been negotiated by these women at the life stages of puberty, first sex at marriage, and menopause. The patriarchal and religious gender order of Iran transgresses these women's human rights so that sexuality is experienced as a source of shame, stigma, and pollution, yet the women also exert forms of agency in their lives as they adopt and challenge these norms.
Superimposed CT imaging using fusion function to visualize the relationship between the knife and the wound path in a stabbing victim
Authors: Takahashi Yoichiro , Sano Rie , Hayakawa Akira , Fukuda Haruki , Kubo Rieko , Okawa Takafumi , Tokue Hiroyuki , Takei Hiroyuki , Kominato Yoshihiko 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWith the increasing use of postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) in medicolegal autopsies, three‐dimensional (3D) models of injured areas can now be generated from multislice computed tomography images. However, since PMCT has low sensitivity for detecting injuries in solid organs in the absence of contrast administration, it has been difficult to demonstrate the tracks of stab wounds leading to solid organ injury using 3D reconstruction. Here, we report one homicide case with two stab wounds. On the skin surface, the stab wounds were located on the neck and anterior chest wall. A medicolegal autopsy revealed that one stab wound in the neck had penetrated the wall of the right pleural cavity and the upper portion of the right lung whereas the other stab wound in the anterior chest wall had penetrated the right diaphragm and the heart. To illustrate the tracks of the stab wounds, superimposed CT images of the body, the excised organ, and a knife model were constructed to obtain a 3D model. This allowed clear and concise visualization of the complex relationship of the knife to the heart incision and the stab wound on the chest surface.
Endotracheal metastasis of colon cancer on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Filizoglu Nuh , Oksuzoglu Kevser , Ozguven Salih , Bozkurtlar Emine , Ones Tunc , Erdil Tanju Yusuf 
Published: December 2020

SummaryAlthough tracheal involvement of lung cancer is frequently seen, endotracheal metastasis of colon cancer is a rare entity. Since endotracheal lesion gives no symptom until tracheal lumen nearly occluded, the diagnosis of endotracheal metastasis could be challenging. F‐18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography may be crucial to detect this unusal distant metastasis of colon cancer. Herein, we report FDG avid endotracheal lesion that was confirmed as metastasis from colon cancer in 56‐year‐old female patient.
African elephant (Loxodonta africana) select less fragmented landscapes to connect core habitats in human‐dominated landscapes
Authors: Gara Tawanda W. , Wang Tiejun , Dube Timothy , Ngene Shadrack M. , Mpakairi Kudzai S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAfrican elephants (Loxodonta africana) utilise corridors to access limited resources, that is forage and water scattered across heterogeneous habitats they roam. The existence of small elephant metapopulations depend on the intactness of these corridors to access the scarce resources. Due to the sedentarisation of the previously nomadic Maasai people, elephant corridors have been exposed to increased fragmentation from human‐induced activities across the Amboseli ecosystem in Kenya. In this study, we sought to compare the scale of fragmentation between corridors and their immediate landscapes (noncorridors) in the Amboseli ecosystem, Kenya. We used a Brownian Bridge Movement Model (BBMM) to identify corridors used by elephants from global positioning system (GPS) collar data. The scale of fragmentation between corridors and noncorridors was determined using the effective mesh size fragmentation metric (meff). Our results showed that elephant corridors were significantly less fragmented (Wilcoxon sum rank test: W = 6,121.5, p < 0.05) when compared to the noncorridors. The presence of fragmentation geometries in the corridors remains a major cause of concern for wildlife managers as they have the potential to invade and constrict the existing corridors. Our results underscore the need to extend management of elephant habitats to migration corridors outside protected areas.
Biopsy quality is essential for preoperative prognostication in oral tongue cancer
Authors: Bello Ibrahim O. , Wennerstrand Pia M. , Suleymanova Ilida , Siponen Maria , Qannam Ahmed , Nieminen Pentti , Leivo Ilmo , Almangush Alhadi , Salo Tuula 
Published: December 2020

A role for incisional biopsy in preoperative prognostication is increasingly being advocated in oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas (OTSCC). Biopsies at two locations were compared, and prognostic factors in biopsies and their corresponding resections were evaluated. A total of 138 OTSCC biopsy slides from Finland and Saudi Arabia were compared for size (horizontal and vertical) and invasive front. The Finnish cases were assessed for tumor stroma ratio (TSR) and tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) using light microscopy and digital image analysis assessment and compared. Furthermore, TSR, TILs, and previously analyzed budding and depth of invasion (BD) score in biopsies were compared with their evaluation in the corresponding resections. Fifty‐nine percent of Finnish and 42% of Saudi Arabian biopsies were ≥ 5 mm deep, while 98% of Saudi Arabian and 76% of Finnish biopsies were ≥ 5 mm wide. Assessment of invasion front was possible in 72% of Finnish in comparison with 40% of Saudi Arabian biopsies. There was 86.8% agreement between TSR and 75% agreement between TIL evaluation using light microscopy and digital assessment. Significant agreement was obtained on comparing the TSR (p = 0.04) and BD (p < 0.001) values in biopsies and resections. Biopsies of ≥ 5 mm depth from representative OTSCC areas are essential for prognostic information. Clinical pathologists are advised to assess BD score and TSR for prognostic features in such biopsies.
Review: Puberty blockers for transgender and gender diverse youth—a critical review of the literature
Authors: Rew Lynn , Young Cara C. , Monge Maria , Bogucka Roxanne 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundIncreasingly, early adolescents who are transgender or gender diverse (TGD) are seeking gender‐affirming healthcare services. Pediatric healthcare providers supported by professional guidelines are treating many of these children with gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa), which reversibly block pubertal development, giving the child and their family more time in which to explore the possibility of medical transition.MethodsWe conducted a critical review of the literature to answer a series of questions about criteria for using puberty‐blocking medications, the specific drugs used, the risks and adverse consequences and/or the positive outcomes associated with their use. We searched four databases: LGBT Life, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science. From an initial sample of 211 articles, we systematically reviewed 9 research studies that met inclusion/exclusion criteria.ResultsStudies reviewed had samples ranging from 1 to 192 (N = 543). The majority (71%) of participants in these studies required a diagnosis of gender dysphoria to qualify for puberty suppression and were administered medication during Tanner stages 2 through 4. Positive outcomes were decreased suicidality in adulthood, improved affect and psychological functioning, and improved social life. Adverse factors associated with use were changes in body composition, slow growth, decreased height velocity, decreased bone turnover, cost of drugs, and lack of insurance coverage. One study met all quality criteria and was judged ‘excellent’, five studies met the majority of quality criteria resulting in ‘good’ ratings, whereas three studies were judged fair and had serious risks of bias.ConclusionGiven the potentially life‐saving benefits of these medications for TGD youth, it is critical that rigorous longitudinal and mixed methods research be conducted that includes stakeholders and members of the gender diverse community with representative samples.
Untreated Dental Caries May be Associated with Subsequent Mortality among Working‐Age Adults: Evidence from NHANES III
Authors: Sadiq Naveed , Probst Janice C. , Martin Amy B. , Khan M. Mahmud , Merchant Anwar T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesPoor oral health has been shown to be associated with selected adverse health outcomes. This study assessed the association between untreated dental caries and mortality and examined whether having dental insurance mitigates the risk of mortality among working‐age US adults with dental caries.MethodsAnalysis used the publicly available linked mortality file for NHANES III, an observational study conducted in 1988‐1994, with follow‐up through December 2015. Propensity score matching was conducted to create similar populations of insured and uninsured adults, resulting in a sample of 4420 matched observations. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to investigate the effect of untreated dental caries and that of dental insurance on risk of all‐cause mortality. The descriptive and final outcome statistical analyses were adjusted for complex sampling technique using weights, strata and cluster variables.ResultsAdults with untreated dental caries had a higher risk of mortality (HR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.06‐1.68) than those with no dental caries. Having dental insurance was associated with a lower risk of mortality (HR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.59‐0.92). An interaction between caries treatment status and dental insurance was not statistically significant.ConclusionsAdults with untreated dental caries have a higher risk of mortality, even in the presence of dental insurance. Untreated caries may be an indicator for multiple risk factors, including personal attitudes regarding health and healthcare‐seeking behaviour.
Evaluation of functional outcomes after disc excision of deep endometriosis involving low and mid rectum using standardized questionnaires: a series of 80 patients
Authors: Klapczynski Clémence , Derbal Sophiane , Braund Sophia , Coget Julien , Forestier Damien , Seyer‐Hansen Mikkel , Tuech Jean‐Jacques , Roman Horace 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimThe aim was to assess the functional outcome and quality of life in patients with low and mid rectal endometriosis who have undergone disc excision using a semicircular transanal staple device, a procedure we have named the Rouen technique.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of patients undergoing the Rouen technique between October 2009 and November 2018. Preoperative and postoperative demographic and operative data were recorded prospectively (mean ± SEM). Postoperative complications were recorded using the Clavien–Dindo classification. Rectal function and quality of life were assessed by the low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) and Bowel Endometriosis Syndrome (BENS) scores respectively at ≥6 months.ResultsThe Rouen procedure was performed on 80 patients (29.7 ± 4.3). The mean diameter of resected specimens was 57 ± 10 mm, and the height of the rectal suture from the anal verge was 4.6 ± 1.2 cm. The Clavien–Dindo complications were Clavien–Dindo 1 (leg compression), Clavien–Dindo 2 (urinary tract infection, bladder self‐catheterization) and Clavien–Dindo 3b (bowel obstruction, rectovaginal fistula, pyelic dilation, colorectal stenosis after resection). A rectovaginal fistula (Clavien–Dindo 3b) developed in nine (11.3%) patients and their stoma could be reversed after 99–162 days. The majority of patients (n = 50, 62.5%) had normal postoperative rectal function with LARS score ≤20. However, minor (LARS ≥ 21–29) and major rectal dysfunction (LARS ≥ 30) was seen in 18 (22.5%) and 12 (15%) patients respectively. Quality of life as measured using the BENS score was normal (BENS score 0–8) in 51 (63.8%) patients, slightly reduced (BENS score 9–16) in 24 (30%) patients and in only five (6.3%) was this a major issue (BENS score > 17). The development of a rectovaginal fistula was independently related to risk of major rectal dysfunction (adjusted OR 6.3, 95% CI 1.3–30.6).ConclusionsIn our series of 80 patients with transmural low and mid rectal endometriosis disc excision using a semicircular staple device can result in good functional outcomes and quality of life and avoid the complexity and potential complications of a low anterior resection.
Vertical niche and elevation range size in tropical ants: Implications for climate resilience
Authors: Leahy Lily , Scheffers Brett R. , Andersen Alan N. , Hirsch Ben T. , Williams Stephen E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimWe propose that forest trees create a vertical dimension for ecological niche variation that generates different regimes of climatic exposure, which in turn drives species elevation distributions. We test this hypothesis by statistically modelling the vertical and elevation distributions and microclimate exposure of rainforest ants.LocationWet Tropics Bioregion, Australia.MethodsWe conducted 60 ground‐to‐canopy surveys to determine the vertical (tree) and elevation distributions, and microclimate exposure of ants (101 species) at 15 sites along four mountain ranges. We statistically modelled elevation range size as a function of ant species’ vertical niche breadth and exposure to temperature variance for 55 species found at two or more trees.ResultsWe found a positive association between vertical niche and elevation range of ant species: for every 3 m increase in vertical niche breadth, our models predict a ~150% increase in mean elevation range size. Temperature variance increased with vertical height along the arboreal gradient and ant species exposure to temperature variance explained some of the variation in elevation range size.Main conclusionsWe demonstrate that arboreal ants have broader elevation ranges than ground‐dwelling ants and are likely to have increased resilience to climatic variance. The capacity of species to expand their niche by climbing trees could influence their ability to persist over broader elevation ranges. We propose that wherever vertical layering exists—from oceans to forest ecosystems—vertical niche breadth is a potential mechanism driving macrogeographic distributional patterns and resilience to climate change.
Diagnostic yield of fourth‐generation endocytoscopy for esophageal squamous lesions using a modified endocytoscopic classification
Authors: Shimamura Yuto , Inoue Haruhiro , Rodriguez de Santiago Enrique , Abad Mary Raina Angeli , Fujiyoshi Yusuke , Toshimori Akiko , Tanabe Mayo , Sumi Kazuya , Iwaya Yugo , Ikeda Haruo , Onimaru Manabu , Kushima Miki , Goda Kenichi 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesEndocytoscopy (EC) is an ultra‐high magnification endoscopy designed to provide in vivo histologic assessment. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic yield of the newly developed fourth‐generation EC for esophageal squamous lesions by using a modified EC classification.MethodsA total of 2548 EC images of 57 esophageal targeted areas between June 2015 and October 2017 were retrospectively collected. Two lesions with low‐quality images were excluded. Only EC images were independently reviewed by two expert and two non‐expert endoscopists. The lesions were classified according to a three‐tier modified EC classification. We used a multilevel logistic regression to analyze the data.ResultsThe sensitivity and specificity of diagnosing non‐squamous cell cancer (SCC) vs SCC were 82.5% and 83.0% by the experts; 90.1% and 75.0% by non‐experts. The interobserver agreement among the four raters was good (kappa statistic 0.59). The diagnostic accuracy of experts and non‐experts was similar (P = 0.16 for specificity and P = 0.20 for sensitivity). The sensitivity and specificity of EC for non‐neoplasia vs neoplasia were 88.7% and 74.6% by experts; 90.3 and 52.1% by non‐experts. The interobserver agreement among the four raters was moderate (kappa statistic 0.44). The specificity of experts was higher compared to non‐experts, although the difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.08 for specificity and P = 0.93 for sensitivity).ConclusionsFourth‐generation EC offers acceptable diagnostic accuracy and reliability in both experts and non‐experts, especially when diagnosing SCC lesions.
Conflict and contentment: Case study of the social mobility of working‐class students in Canada
Authors: Lehmann Wolfgang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article offers a tentative exploration of how working‐class students' mobility is affected by the push to enter middle‐class careers and lifestyles, and the pull of their working‐class origins. Based on a nine‐year qualitative longitudinal study of working‐class students at a Canadian university, I will show that few study participants experienced mobility as an uncontested or linear trajectory. Two key storylines can be identified: (a) a story of adjustment, modification and contentment; and (b) a story of conflict, loss, and struggle. For most, educational mobility was tempered by revisions of occupational ambitions, by returns to their home communities and by lifestyle choices that do not fit simple narratives of status mobility. And yet, all expressed a growing sense of self‐confidence, appreciated their education as an experience of personal growth, and achieved on their own terms, in post‐graduate education and newly discovered careers.