bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactive Oxygen Species‐Regulating Strategies Based on Nanomaterials for Disease Treatment
Authors: Zhang Chenyang , Wang Xin , Du Jiangfeng , Gu Zhanjun , Zhao Yuliang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) play an essential role in physiological and pathological processes. Studies on the regulation of ROS for disease treatments have caused wide concern, mainly involving the topics in ROS‐regulating therapy such as antioxidant therapy triggered by ROS scavengers and ROS‐induced toxic therapy mediated by ROS‐elevation agents. Benefiting from the remarkable advances of nanotechnology, a large number of nanomaterials with the ROS‐regulating ability are developed to seek new and effective ROS‐related nanotherapeutic modalities or nanomedicines. Although considerable achievements have been made in ROS‐based nanomedicines for disease treatments, some fundamental but key questions such as the rational design principle for ROS‐related nanomaterials are held in low regard. Here, the design principle can serve as the initial framework for scientists and technicians to design and optimize the ROS‐regulating nanomedicines, thereby minimizing the gap of nanomedicines for biomedical application during the design stage. Herein, an overview of the current progress of ROS‐associated nanomedicines in disease treatments is summarized. And then, by particularly addressing these known strategies in ROS‐associated therapy, several fundamental and key principles for the design of ROS‐associated nanomedicines are presented. Finally, future perspectives are also discussed in depth for the development of ROS‐associated nanomedicines.
Engineered Tools to Study Intercellular Communication
Authors: Yang Benjamin A. , Westerhof Trisha M. , Sabin Kaitlyn , Merajver Sofia D. , Aguilar Carlos A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAll multicellular organisms rely on intercellular communication networks to coordinate physiological functions. As members of a dynamic social network, each cell receives, processes, and redistributes biological information to define and maintain tissue homeostasis. Uncovering the molecular programs underlying these processes is critical for prevention of disease and aging and development of therapeutics. The study of intercellular communication requires techniques that reduce the scale and complexity of in vivo biological networks while resolving the molecular heterogeneity in “omic” layers that contribute to cell state and function. Recent advances in microengineering and high‐throughput genomics offer unprecedented spatiotemporal control over cellular interactions and the ability to study intercellular communication in a high‐throughput and mechanistic manner. Herein, this review discusses how salient engineered approaches and sequencing techniques can be applied to understand collective cell behavior and tissue functions.
Modafinil‐coated nanoparticle increases expressions of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor and neuronal nuclear protein, and protects against middle cerebral artery occlusion‐induced neuron apoptosis in the rat hippocampus
Authors: Torfeh Alireza , Abdolmaleki Zohreh , Nazarian Sepideh , Shirazi Beheshtiha Seyed Hamed 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe present study investigates the neuroprotective effects of modafinil‐coated nanoparticle in rats' hippocampal CA1 region. Male Wistar rats (n = 48) were randomly divided into four groups. Then middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed by inserting a silicone coat filament in the right internal carotid artery via the external carotid artery until it reached the anterior cerebral artery. Modafinil (100 mg/kg) or modafinil‐coated nanoparticle (100 mg/kg) was given to the rats as an oral gavage once a day. Infarct volume, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN) and Caspase‐3 and, Caspase‐8 as apoptotic genes were measured in the hippocampal CA1 region. Cresyl violet staining revealed that modafinil nanoparticle significantly decreased the neurodegeneration. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction results showed that modafinil nanoparticle use significantly increased the expression of neurotrophic factors (even more than modafinil alone group; p = .01). Moreover, the apoptotic markers were significantly decreased in nanoparticle modafinil (MN group); p < .05). The western blot analysis and Immunohistochemistry results confirmed the neuroprotective and anti‐apoptotic effects of modafinil nanoparticle. This study's results showed that the use of modafinil‐coated nanoparticle has neuroprotective effects by increasing neurotrophic factors and reducing apoptosis after MCAO in the CA1 area of the hippocampus. However, further studies are needed especially, in human samples.
When natural resources run out, market knowledge steps in: Lessons on natural resource deployment from a longitudinal study in a resource‐scarce region of Ethiopia
Authors: Gugissa Desalegn A. , Ingenbleek Paul T.M. , van Trijp Hans C.M. , Teklehaimanot Mebrahtu L. , Tessema Workneh K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWith the increasing scarcity of natural resources, the ability to maintain quality standards during resource‐scarce times becomes more critical for business performance. Theories on managing resource scarcity cannot be easily tested in contexts where resources are still abundant. This study therefore turns to an emerging market context in which natural resource availability naturally varies strongly between seasons, namely, that of Ethiopian pastoralists who for many generations learned to adapt to natural resource scarcity. Central to our theory is the natural resource deployment capability, which is the ability of a business to make efficient and effective use of available resources to maintain business performance during resource‐scarce times. Using three‐wave longitudinal data from 120 pastoral family‐based livestock businesses, the study shows that when resources are scarce or extremely scarce, market knowledge helps to better deploy the scarce natural resources, leading to higher product quality. The findings imply that businesses with a better understanding of markets have stronger natural resource deployment capability. The lesson for businesses that are confronted with approaching resource scarcity is therefore to strengthen their ability to deploy resources efficiently and effectively by strengthening their market knowledge in which such capability is rooted.
Differentiation and activation of human CD4 T cells is associated with a gradual loss of myelin and lymphocyte protein
Authors: Leitner Judith , Mahasongkram Kodchakorn , Schatzlmaier Philipp , Pfisterer Karin , Leksa Vladimir , Pata Supansa , Kasinrerk Watchara , Stockinger Hannes , Steinberger Peter 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUpon generation of monoclonal antibodies to the T cell antigen receptor/CD3 (TCR/CD3) complex, we isolated mAb MT3, whose reactivity correlates inversely with the production of IFN‐γ by human peripheral blood T lymphocytes. Using eukaryotic expression cloning, we identified the MT3 antigen as myelin‐and‐lymphocyte (MAL) protein. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrates high surface expression of MAL on all naïve CD4+ T cells whereas MAL expression is diminished on central memory‐ and almost lost on effector memory T cells. MAL– T cells proliferate strongly in response to stimulation with CD3/CD28 antibodies, corroborating that MAL+ T cells are naïve and MAL– T cells memory subtypes. Further, resting MAL– T cells harbor a larger pool of Ser59‐ and Tyr394‐ double phosphorylated lymphocyte‐specific kinase (Lck), which is rapidly increased upon in vitro restimulation. Previously, lack of MAL was reported to prevent transport of Lck, the key protein tyrosine kinase of TCR/CD3 signaling to the cell membrane, and to result in strongly impaired human T cell activation. Here, we show that knocking out MAL did not significantly affect Lck membrane localization and immune synapse recruitment, or transcriptional T cell activation. Collectively, our results indicate that loss of MAL is associated with activation‐induced differentiation of human T cells but not with impaired membrane localization of Lck or TCR signaling capacity.
LWEDM: Learning with error based secure mobile digital rights management system
Authors: Dharminder Dharminder 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMobile multimedia security is essential to ensure a secure communication in industries, businesses, and organizations. Mobile multimedia is a new concept for an enterprise, where organizations need to be secure. In the last decade, a number of anonymous authentication protocols have been designed based on factorization and discrete logarithm assumptions. Shor's algorithm solves a number‐theoretic assumption in polynomial time using postquantum computers that creates a trouble. However, learning with errors is an advanced hard assumption that cannot be solved by any known existing quantum algorithm. This inspires one to design an anonymous postquantum authentication protocol for the mobile digital rights management system. The protocol has been proved secure in a random oracle model under learning with errors assumption. Moreover, the article contributes an informal security discussion, an implementation using automated validation of internet security protocols and applications. The performance analysis ensures its efficiency even in the postquantum era.
A gradient‐type iterative method for impulse noise removal
Authors: Liu Jinkui , Cao Haisong , Zhao Yongxiang , Zhang Liqiao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractImage denoising is a typical inverse problem and is hard to be solved. Fortunately, a powerful two‐phase method for restoring images corrupted by high‐level impulse noise has been proposed. The key point of the method is the computational efficiency of the second phase which requires the minimization of a smooth objective function defined on the terms of edge‐preserving potential function. In this paper, we propose an effective three‐term conjugate gradient method to restore the corrupted images in the second phase of two‐phase method. An attractive feature of the proposed method is that the search direction satisfies the sufficient descent property at each iteration without any line search. The global convergence is established for general smooth functions under the Armijo‐type line search. Preliminary numerical results are reported to indicate that the proposed method to be used for impulse noise removal is promising.
Maximum‐correntropy‐based Kalman filtering for time‐varying systems with randomly occurring uncertainties: An event‐triggered approach
Authors: Su Tingli , Wang Zidong , Zou Lei , Alsaadi Fuad E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this article, the maximum‐correntropy‐based Kalman filtering problem is investigated for a class of linear time‐varying systems in the presence of non‐Gaussian noises and randomly occurring uncertainties (ROUs). The random nature of the parameter uncertainties is characterized by a stochastic variable conforming to the Bernoulli distribution. In order to avoid unnecessary data transmission and reduce consumption of limited communication resource, the event‐triggered mechanism (ETM) is introduced in the sensor‐to‐filter channel to decide whether the data should be transmitted or not. A novel performance index is first proposed to reflect the joint effects from the non‐Gaussian noises, the ETM as well as the ROUs. Under the proposed performance index, an event‐based Kalman filter is then constructed whose gain is calculated based on the maximum correntropy criterion. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed filtering scheme is verified via a practical target tracking example.
Nonspecular Reflection of Droplets
Authors: Zhu Pingan , Chen Chengmin , Nandakumar Krishnaswamy , Wang Liqiu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe bouncing of droplets on super‐repellent surfaces normally resembles specular reflection that obeys the law of reflection. Here, the nonspecular reflection of droplet impingement onto solid surfaces with a dimple for energy‐efficient, omnidirectional droplet transport is reported. With the dimple of the radius being comparable to that of the droplet, all the symmetries in the law of reflection can be broken down so that the droplet is endowed with a translational velocity finely tunable in both its direction and magnitude simply by varying the radii of the droplet and the dimple, the impinging position, and droplet Weber number. Tailoring the initial and translational velocity of impinging droplets would steer their reflected trajectories at will, thus enabling versatile droplet manipulation including trapping, shedding, antigravity transport, targeted positioning, and on‐demand coalescence of droplets.
Pelvic ultrasounds referred from the emergency department: Agreement between sonographer findings and radiologists' reports
Authors: Kolsky Ellen , Baker Tim , Pontonio Luke , Kelson Tamika , Schneider Michal 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionWhen radiologists are not available, sonographers may be able to provide an interim report, especially for patients referred from emergency or in remote clinics. The aim of this study was to compare the agreement of diagnostic findings between sonographers and radiologists for patients referred from the emergency department for pelvic ultrasound.MethodsSonographer findings and corresponding radiologists' reports of consecutive pelvic ultrasound examinations referred from the emergency department were compared prospectively over a 7‐month period. Paediatric cases were excluded. Diagnostic agreement was scored by an independent investigator into the following: grade 1—agree with radiologist report; grade 2—minor discrepancy, unlikely to impact patient management; grade 3—major discrepancy, likely to impact patient management but does not lead to adverse outcomes for the patient; and grade 4—major discrepancy, findings likely to result in significantly adverse outcome for the patient.ResultsA total of 118 cases were recruited. Of those, 113 (95.7%) were graded as grade 1, four (3.4%) were graded as grade 2 and one as grade 3 (0.8%). No cases were categorised as grade 4. The case classified as grade 3 was initially reported by the sonographer as early ovarian torsion. The corresponding radiologist's report documented no evidence of ovarian torsion. However, three days later, the woman underwent emergency surgery where ovarian torsion was confirmed and the ovary removed.ConclusionWhen radiologists are unavailable to report on urgent cases requiring pelvic ultrasound, sonographers can provide accurate interim reports to assist in the timely management of patients.
Supporting the Right to Read: Principles for Selecting Children’s Books
Authors: Hartsfield Danielle E. , Kimmel Sue C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractYoung readers depend on adults to provide access to a variety of materials representing diverse perspectives and providing information about topics of interest and importance to them. The decisions of literacy professionals to include or exclude a book from a lesson or a collection have far‐reaching implications for the kinds of ideas, information, genres, and formats available for young readers. Given this gatekeeping role, how can educators ensure that they are providing students with a diverse range of books and avoiding censorship? The authors present six principles that educators can use when making book selections for the curriculum or the classroom or school library collection; application of the principles is demonstrated usingGeorgeby Alex Gino, one of the most frequently challenged children’s books in recent years. Applying these selection principles will assist educators with understanding how to avoid censorship and support students’ right to read.
Sex Differences in Outcome After Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke are Explained by Confounding Factors
Authors: Deb-Chatterji Milani , Schlemm Eckhard , Flottmann Fabian , Meyer Lukas , Alegiani Anna , Brekenfeld Caspar , Fiehler Jens , Gerloff Christian , Thomalla Götz ,   GSR-ET Investigators, Gerloff C. , Fiehler J. , Thomalla G. , Alegiani A. , Boeckh-Behrens  , Wunderlich Silke , Ernemann Ulrike , Poli Sven , Siebert Eberhard , Nolte Christian H. , Zweynert Sarah , Bohner Georg , Ludolph Alexander , Henn Karl-Heinz , Pfeilschifter Waltraud , Keil Fee , Röther Joachim , Eckert Bernd , Berrouschot Jörg , Bormann Albrecht , Solymosi László , Petzold Gabor , Kraemer Christoffer , Dichgans Martin , Tiedt Steffen , Kellert Lars , Dorn Franziska , Petersen Martina , Stögbauer Florian , Braun Michael , Hamann Gerhard F. , Gröschel Klaus , Uphaus Timo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to analyze sex differences in outcome after thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke in clinical practice in a large prospective multicenter registry.

Methods
Data of consecutive stroke patients treated with thrombectomy (June 2015–April 2018) derived from an industry-independent registry (German Stroke Registry–Endovascular Treatment) were prospectively analyzed. Multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were applied to determine whether sex is a predictor of functional independence outcome (defined as a modified Rankin scale [mRS] 0–2) 90 days after stroke.

Results
In total, 2316 patients were included in the analysis, 1170 (50.5%) were female and 1146 (49.5%) were male. Women were older (median age 78 vs. 72 years; p < 0.001) and more frequently had a prestroke functional impairment defined by mRS >1 (24.8% vs. 14.1%; p < 0.001). In unadjusted analyses, independent outcome at 90 days was less frequent in women (33.2%) than men (40.6%; p < 0.001). Likewise, mortality was higher in women than in men (30.7% vs. 26.4%; p = 0.024). In adjusted regression analyses, however, sex was not associated with outcome. Lower age, a lower baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, a higher Alberta Stroke Program Early CT score, prestroke functional independence, successful reperfusion, and concomitant intravenous thrombolysis therapy predicted independent outcome.

Conclusion
Women showed a worse functional outcome after thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke in clinical practice; however, after adjustment for crucial confounders sex was not a predictor of outcome. The difference in outcome thus appears to result from differences in confounding factors such as age and prestroke functional status.
Differences in the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients who died in hospital during different phases of the pandemic: national data from Italy
Authors:   The Italian National Institute of Health COVID-19 Mortality Group (*), Palmieri Luigi , Palmer Katie , Lo Noce Cinzia , Meli Paola , Giuliano Marina , Floridia Marco , Tamburo de Bella Manuela , Piccioli Andrea , Brusaferro Silvio , Onder Graziano 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiological data obtained during the initial wave of the COVID-19 epidemic showed that persons dying with COVID-19 were typically older men with multiple chronic conditions. No studies have assessed if the characteristics of patients dying with COVID-19 have changed in the second phase of the epidemic, when the initial wave subsided. The aim of the present study was to compare characteristics of patients dying with COVID-19 in Italy in the first ‘peak’ phase of the epidemic and in its second phase.MethodsMedical charts of patients with COVID-19 who died while in hospital in Italy were reviewed to extract information on pre-existing comorbidities, in-hospital complications, and disease trajectories. The course of the epidemic was classified in two 3-month periods: March–May 2020 and June–August 2020.FindingsOverall, in the Italian population, 34,191 COVID-19 deaths occurred in March–May 2020 and 1,404 in June–August 2020. Patients dying in March–May were significantly younger (80.1 ± 10.6 vs. 82.8 ± 11.1 years,p < 0.001) and less frequently female (41.9% vs. 61.8%,p < 0.001) than those dying in June–August. The medical charts of 3533 patients who died with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in March–May 2020 (10.3% of all deaths occurring in this period) and 203 patients who died in June–August 2020 (14.5% of all deaths occurring in this period) were analysed. Patients who died in March–May 2020, compared to those who died in June–August 2020, hadsignificantly lower ratesof multiple comorbidities (3 or more comorbidities: 61.8% vs 74.5%,p = 0.001) and superinfections (15.2% vs. 52.5%,p < 0.001). Treatment patterns also substantially differed in the two study periods, with patients dying in March–May 2020 being less likely to be treated with steroids (41.7% vs. 69.3%,p < 0.001) and more likely to receive antivirals (59.3% vs. 41.4%,p < 0.001). Survival time also largely differed, with patients dying in March–May 2020 showing a shorter time from symptoms onset to death (mean interval: 15.0 vs. 46.6 days,p < 0.001). The differences observed between the two periods remained significant in a multivariate analysis.InterpretationThe clinical characteristics of patients dying with COVID-19 in Italy, their treatment and symptom-to-death survival time have significantly changed overtime. This is probably due to an improved organization and delivery of care and to a better knowledge of disease treatment.
Participatory needs assessment and action planning for a clinical and translational research network
Authors: Johnson LaKaija J. , Rohde Jolene , Cramer Mary E. , Zimmerman Lani , Geary Carol R. , Tibbits Melissa K. , Rizzo Matthew , Estabrooks Paul A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe goal of this study was to assess the utility of participatory needs assessment processes for continuous improvement of developing clinical and translational research (CTR) networks. Our approach expanded on evaluation strategies for CTR networks, centers, and institutes, which often survey stakeholders to identify infrastructure or resource needs, using the case example of the Great Plains IDeA-CTR Network. Our 4-stage approach (i.e., pre-assessment, data collection, implementation of needs assessment derived actions, monitoring of action plan) included a member survey (n= 357) and five subsequent small group sessions (n= 75 participants) to better characterize needs identified in the survey and to provide actionable recommendations. This participatory, mixed-methods needs assessment and strategic action planning process yielded 11 inter-related recommendations. These recommendations were presented to the CTR steering committee as inputs to develop detailed, prioritized action plans. Preliminary evaluation shows progress towards improved program capacity and effectiveness of the network to respond to member needs. The participatory, mixed-methods needs assessment and strategic planning process allowed a wide range of stakeholders to contribute to the development of actionable recommendations for network improvement, in line with the principles of team science.