bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity in striatal dopamine circuits: Form and function in dynamic reward seeking
Authors: Collins Anne L. , Saunders Benjamin T. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe striatal dopamine system has long been studied in the context of reward learning, motivation, and movement. Given the prominent role dopamine plays in a variety of adaptive behavioral states, as well as diseases like addiction, it is essential to understand the full complexity of dopamine neurons and the striatal systems they target. A growing number of studies are uncovering details of the heterogeneity in dopamine neuron subpopulations. Here, we review that work to synthesize current understanding of dopamine system heterogeneity across three levels, anatomical organization, functions in behavior, and modes of action, wherein we focus on signaling profiles and local mechanisms for modulation of dopamine release. Together, these studies reveal new and emerging dimensions of the striatal dopamine system, informing its contribution to dynamic motivational and decision‐making processes.
Use of the new rotating dilator sheath TightRail™ for lead extraction: A bicentric experience
Authors: Mazzone Patrizio , Melillo Francesco , Radinovic Andrea , Marzi Alessandra , Paglino Gabriele , Della Bella Paolo , Mascioli Giosuè 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to assess the safety and efficacy of the new bidirectional rotational mechanical sheath TightRail™ (Spectranetics) for lead extraction.Methods and resultsThis is a bicentric prospective study that included patients who underwent a transvenous lead extraction (TLE) in two Italian centers (San Raffaele Hospital and Humanitas Gavazzeni Hospital). From November 2016 to December 2018, 26 patients underwent a TLE procedure in which the TightRail™ was used. The new TightRail Sub‐C was used in 20 (76%) patients to overcome the fibrosis between the vessel and the first rib. Median age was 69 (IQR 60.7‐79.5) years. The indication for TLE were infection (57.7%) or lead dysfunction (42.3%). A total of 57 leads (range 1‐4), 40 of which using the TightRail (range 1‐4), were extracted. Overall mean implant duration was 98.2.0 ± 66.5 months. Mean age of the lead extracted with the TightRail sheath was 99.1 ± 70.2 months and was higher compared to that of the leads extracted manually (84.4 ± 60.3 months, P = .001). The overall clinical success was 100% and complete procedural success without the use of a snare was achieved in 98.3%. There were no cases of death or major complications and only two minor complications occurred. All patients were event‐free at 6‐month follow‐up.ConclusionThis initial experience using the TightRail™ suggests a high safety and efficacy profile for extractions in a wide range of lead age.
Uncemented femoral stem orientation and position in total hip arthroplasty: A CT study
Authors: Belzunce Martin A. , Henckel Johann , Di Laura Anna , Hart Alister 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn total hip arthroplasty (THA), accurate positioning of components is important for the functionality and long life of the implant. Femoral component version has been underinvestigated when compared with the acetabular cup. Accurate prediction of the femoral version on the preoperative plan is particularly important because a well‐fitting uncemented stem will, by definition, press‐fit into a version that is dictated by the anatomy of the proximal femur. A better understanding of this has recently become an unmet need because of the increased use of uncemented stems and of preoperative image‐based planning. We present the first, three‐dimensional (3D) comparison between the planned and achieved orientation and position of the femoral components in THA. We propose a comparison method that uses the 3D models of a, computed tomography‐generated (CT‐generated), preoperative plan and a postoperative CT to obtain the discrepancy in the six possible degrees of freedom. We ran a prospective study (level 2 evidence) of 30 patients undergoing uncemented THA to quantify the discrepancy between planned and achieved femoral stem orientation and position. The discrepancy was low for femoral stem vertical position and leg length, and varus‐valgus and anterior‐posterior orientation. The discrepancy was higher for femoral version with a mean (±SD) of −1.5 ± 7.8 deg. Surgeons should be aware of the variability of the eventual position of uncemented stems in THA and acknowledge the risk of achieving a less‐than‐optimal femoral version, different from the preoperative 3D CT plan.
Leaching of dissolved and particulate phosphorus via preferential flow pathways in a forest soil: An approach using zero‐tension lysimeters
Authors: Makowski Vera , Julich Stefan , Feger Karl-Heinz , Breuer Lutz , Julich Dorit 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPhosphorus (P) fluxes from forest soils are not well understood. For temperate zone forests, there is some evidence from watershed studies that P export occurs mainly in preferential flow pathways during storm events after dry periods. Therefore, we tested the practical applicability of a sampling approach, which should allow for quantifying P concentrations and fluxes. We used zero‐tension lysimeters, which were installed beneath the topsoil and in the subsoil at plots in the Tharandt Forest (Saxony, East Germany). Two storm events after dry periods were simulated by means of experimental sprinkler irrigation. Preferential flow water collected with the zero‐tension lysimeters was analyzed for total P (TP), particulate P (PP), dissolved organic P (DOP) and dissolved inorganic P (DIP), and the respective P fluxes were calculated. The results indicate that the experimental approach is applicable to estimate fluxes of different P fractions in preferential flow. Measured data point toward a distinct flushing of P in the first hours of heavy rainfall events with PP fraction playing a dominant role. In general, P concentrations decreased quickly during the first 2 h of irrigation and then remained constant. Initial concentrations and cumulative fluxes were highest in the subsoil samplers. For a better understanding of underlying processes, further research with a special focus on the PP fraction is necessary.
Synthesis and Evaluation of New Anionic Gemini Dispersants as Oil Dispersants to Treat Crude Oil Spill Pollution
Authors: Kandeel Eman M. , El‐Din Mahmoud R. Noor , Badr Entsar E. , Mishrif Marwa R. , Nasr Mohamed Hajer G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFloating petroleum oil spills on the marine ecosystem are generally associated with an escalation of serious environmental problems. This research aimed to synthesis five water‐soluble anionic Gemini dispersants to minimize the effect of floating petroleum oil spills on the marine ecosystem. Referring to the spacer type, these dispersant are classified into two categories: the first category is the three acyl amine Gemini dispersants of N,N′‐ diacyl, (distearoyl‐, dipalmitoy‐, and dimyristoyl‐) N,N‐′ sodium 2‐hydroxy 3‐propane sulfonate propane 1,3 diamine, denoted S, P, and M, and the second category is two alkyl amine Gemini dispersants of N,N′dialkyl ‐(dicetyl‐, and dilauryl‐) N,N′‐sodium 2‐hydroxy 3‐propane sulfonate propane 1,3 diamine, denoted C and L. Fourier transform infrared and 1H NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and elemental analysis were used to verify the chemical formula of the synthesized dispersants. The effectiveness of the synthesized dispersants was investigated as regards their dynamic interfacial tension, carbon–chain length, and hydrophilic–lipophilic balance. The dispersion efficiency of the synthesized dispersant was detected qualitatively and quantitatively using the screen test and Warren Spring Laboratory methods, respectively. Experimental outcomes showed that the maximum dispersion efficiency of 94.7 wt% was achieved by dispersant C at a dispersant\oil ratio of 1:20 at 25°C.
Fibro‐osseous Lesions of Paranasal Sinus and Craniofacial Region: A Retrospective Study of 282 Cases
Authors: Dong Dong , Wang Yue , Li Chang , Zhang Hongyan , Zhao Yulin , Lai Jinping 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesTo compare the clinical characteristics of osteoma, ossifying fibroma (OF) and fibrous dysplasia (FD) in the paranasal sinus and craniofacial regions.MethodsTotally 282 patients (112 males, 170 females) with osteoma (161), OF (44), and FD (77) involving the paranasal sinus, skull base and orbit treated surgically from January 2012 to August 2018 were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsFor osteoma, OF and FD, the onset ages were 40.3 (6–75), 24.5 (5–62), and 15 (1–63) years, and the most common locations were ethmoid sinus (49.7%), maxilla (36.4%) and maxilla (49.4%), respectively. There were significant differences of the preoperative serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels between patients with osteoma (65 [25,184] U/L), OF (85.5 [41,474] U/L), and FD (104 [39,362] U/L) (Z = 44.9, P < .05). The ALP levels of OF and FD patients were comparable between monostotic and polyostotic lesions (P > .05). The recurrent rates of osteoma, OF, and FD were 0%, 13.6%, and 15.6%, respectively. The recurrent OF cases had significantly higher ALP level than the primary ones (283.5 [108,474] U/L vs. 76 [41,348] U/L, U = 14, P < .05).ConclusionThere are differences in the onset age, location, and recurrence rate among osteoma, OF and FD involving the paranasal sinus and craniofacial region. Osteoma most commonly occurs in the ethmoid sinus, while OF and FD involve the maxilla most and are more likely to involve the orbit and the skull base, respectively. Endoscopic surgery is currently the main method for treatment, but individualized treatment regimen should be developed for patients.Level of EvidenceIV Laryngoscope, 131:E1–E7, 2021
Additional Injection Laryngoplasty for Patients With Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis
Authors: Choi Nayeon , Won Seongjun , Jin Hokyung , Kim Hack Jung , Park Woori , Son Young‐Ik 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesIn case of insufficient voice improvement after injection laryngoplasty (IL), additional IL will be one of the next option of treatments. However, little is known about the voice outcomes regarding an additional IL.Study designRetrospective comparative study in single institution.MethodsWe enrolled the patients of unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP), who received IL (N = 76) twice because of insufficient voice improvement. The etiologies of UVFP were related with thoracic and esophageal surgery (51.3%), neck surgery (30.3%), skull base surgery (7.9%), or unknown (10.5%). The subjective and objective voice parameters were collected before and after (mean: 5.3 months) each IL.ResultsAspiration, maximum phonation time (MPT), jitter percentage, shimmer percentage, and noise to harmonic ratio (NHR) were significantly improved after both the first and second rounds of IL (P < .05). Voice handicap index (VHI)–30 was also significantly improved after both the first and second rounds of IL (P < .001). Regarding GRBAS score, overall grade of dysphonia (G), roughness (R), and breathiness (B) were significantly improved after the first IL, but only G and R after the second IL (P < .05). In comparison between postprocedural voice parameters of the first and second ILs, MPT was significantly improved from 5.5 ± 3.5 seconds to 7.3 ± 7.5 seconds (P = .001). Grade of dysphonia (1.9 ± 0.8) and breathiness (1.7 ± 0.9) of post‐first IL were significantly (P < .001) improved to those of post‐second IL (1.3 ± 0.7 and 1.2 ± 0.7, respectively). VHI‐30 of post‐first IL (72.0 ± 20) was significantly improved (P < .001) to those of the second IL (57.2 ± 23.7).ConclusionsIn selected patients, additional IL could provide further improvement of voice in patient who had unsatisfactory voice results despite of initial IL.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 2020
Novel Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Chitosan/Modified Graphene Oxide Biocomposite for Wound Dressing Application
Authors: Chen Siyao , Wang He , Jian Zhiwen , Fei Guoxia , Qian Wei , Luo Gaoxing , Wang Zhanhua , Xia Hesheng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRapid absorption of wound exudate and prevention of wound infection are prerequisites for wound dressing to accelerate wound healing. In this study, a novel kind of promising wound dressing is developed by incorporating polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG)‐modified graphene oxide (mGO) into the poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan (PVA/CS) matrix, conferring the dressing the required mechanical properties, higher water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), less swelling time, improved antibacterial activity, and more cell proliferation compared to the PVA/CS film crosslinked by genipin. In vivo experiments indicate that the PVA/CS/mGO composite film can accelerate wound healing via enhancement of the re‐epithelialization. PVA/CS/mGO composite film with 0.5 wt% mGO sheets displays the best wound healing properties, as manifested by the 50% higher antibacterial rate compared to GO and the wound healing rate of the mouse using this dressing is about 41% faster than the control group and 31% faster than the pure PVA/CS dressing. The underlying mechanism of the accelerated wound healing properties may be a result of the improved antibacterial ability to eradicate pathogenic bacteria on the wound area and maintain an appropriate moist aseptic wound healing environment to accelerate re‐epithelialization. These findings suggest that this novel composite PVA/CS/mGO film may have promising applications in wound dressing.
Mobility Tuning of Polyrotaxane Surfaces to Stimulate Myocyte Differentiation
Authors: Sekiya‐Aoyama Ruriko , Arisaka Yoshinori , Yui Nobuhiko 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPolyrotaxanes, consisting of poly(ethylene glycol) and α‐cyclodextrins, are mechanically interlocked supermolecules. The structure allows α‐cyclodextrins to move along the polymer, referred to as molecular mobility. Here, polyrotaxane‐based triblock copolymers, composed of polyrotaxanes with different degrees of methylation and poly(benzyl methacrylate) at both terminals, are coated on culture surfaces to fabricate dynamic biointerfaces for myocyte differentiation. The molecular mobility increases with the degree of methylation and the contact angle hysteresis of water droplets and air bubbles. When the mouse myoblast cell line C2C12 is cultured on methylated polyrotaxane surfaces, the expression levels of myogenesis‐related genes, myogenin (Myog) and myosin heavy chain (Myhc) are altered by the degree of methylation. Polyrotaxane surfaces with intermediate degrees of methylation promote the highest expression levels among all the surfaces. The polyrotaxane surface provides an appropriate environment for myocyte differentiation by accurately adjusting the degrees of methylation.
Compact and low insertion loss UWB on‐chip bandpass filter using coupled meandered line
Authors: Jiang Yan , Tang Wanchun , Shi Yongrong , Zhou Peng , Feng Linping 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFor ultra‐wideband (UWB) communication applications, a low‐loss compact filter is proposed based on coupled lines using the GaAs integrated passive devices (IPD) technology in this letter. The multistage coupling lines are used to realize the ultra‐wide passband with 100% fractional bandwidth. Two modified stubs loaded with shorted capacitors are introduced between coupled lines to produce a new transmission zero near the lower passband edge, resulting in better frequency selectivity performance. Moreover, stepped impedance resonator (SIR) structure is applied to the coupled lines to improve impedance matching performance within ultra‐wide passband. As demonstrated, the proposed filter is fabricated as a chip with a compact size of 1.8 × 1.7 mm2, that is, 0.257 × 0.242 λg2. The measured results show that the insertion loss of the filter is less than 1.5 dB from 6 to 18 GHz with the return loss better than 13.5 dB. All simulated and measured frequency responses of the proposed filter are found to match well with each other, which further demonstrates the claimed superior performances of the proposed filter.
Intravoxel Incoherent Motion at 7 Tesla to quantify human spinal cord perfusion: limitations and promises
Authors: Lévy Simon , Rapacchi Stanislas , Massire Aurélien , Troalen Thomas , Feiweier Thorsten , Guye Maxime , Callot Virginie 
Published: February 2020

PurposeTo develop a noninvasive technique to map human spinal cord (SC) perfusion in vivo. More specifically, to implement an intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) protocol at ultrahigh field for the human SC and assess parameters estimation errors.MethodsMonte‐Carlo simulations were conducted to assess estimation errors of 2 standard IVIM fitting approaches (two‐step versus one‐step fit) over the range of IVIM values reported for the human brain and for typical SC diffusivities. Required signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) was inferred for estimation of the parameters product, fIVIMD* (microvascular fraction times pseudo‐diffusion coefficient), within 10% error margins. In‐vivo IVIM imaging of the SC was performed at 7T in 6 volunteers. An image processing pipeline is proposed to generate IVIM maps and register them for an atlas‐based region‐wise analysis.ResultsRequired b = 0 SNRs for 10% error estimation on fIVIMD* with the one‐step fit were 159 and 185 for diffusion‐encoding perpendicular and parallel to the SC axis, respectively. Average in vivo b = 0 SNR within cord was 141 ± 79, corresponding to estimation errors of 12.7% and 14.7% according to numerical simulations. Slice‐ and group‐averaging reduced noise in IVIM maps, highlighting the difference in perfusion between gray and white matter. Mean ± standard deviation fIVIM and D* values across subjects within gray (respectively white) matter were 16.0 ± 1.7 (15.0 ± 1.6)% and 11.4 ± 2.9 (11.5 ± 2.4) × 10−3 mm2/s.ConclusionSingle‐subject data SNR at 7T was insufficient for reliable perfusion estimation. However, atlas‐averaged IVIM maps highlighted the higher microvascular fraction of gray matter compared to white matter, providing first results of healthy human SC perfusion mapping with MRI.
A locally and cubically convergent algorithm for computing 𝒵‐eigenpairs of symmetric tensors
Authors: Zhao Ruijuan , Zheng Bing , Liang Maolin , Xu Yangyang 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThis paper is concerned with computing ‐eigenpairs of symmetric tensors. We first show that computing ‐eigenpairs of a symmetric tensor is equivalent to finding the nonzero solutions of a nonlinear system of equations, and then propose a modified normalized Newton method (MNNM) for it. Our proposed MNNM method is proved to be locally and cubically convergent under some suitable conditions, which greatly improves the Newton correction method and the orthogonal Newton correction method recently provided by Jaffe, Weiss and Nadler since these two methods only enjoy a quadratic rate of convergence. As an application, the unitary symmetric eigenpairs of a complex‐valued symmetric tensor arising from the computation of quantum entanglement in quantum physics are calculated by the MNNM method. Some numerical results are presented to illustrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our method.
Age and postoperative opioid prescriptions: a population‐based cohort study of opioid‐naïve adults
Authors: Bethell Jennifer , Neuman Mark D. , Bateman Brian T. , Hill Andrea D. , Ladha Karim S. , Wijeysundera Duminda N. , Wunsch Hannah 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeOpioids are commonly prescribed for acute pain after surgery. However, it is unclear whether these prescriptions are usually modified to account for patient age and, in particular, opioid‐related risks among older adults. We therefore sought to describe postoperative opioid prescriptions filled by opioid‐naïve adults undergoing four common surgical procedures.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used individually linked surgery and prescription opioid dispensing data from Ontario, Canada to create a population‐based sample of 135 659 opioid‐naïve adults who underwent one of four surgical procedures (laparoscopic cholecystectomy, laparoscopic appendectomy, knee meniscectomy, or breast excision) between 2013 and 2017. Patient age, in years, was categorized as 18 to 64, 65 to 69, 70 to 74, and 75 and over. Postoperative opioid prescriptions were identified as those filled on or within 6 days of surgical discharge date. For those who filled a prescription, we assessed the total morphine milligram equivalent (MME) dose, types of opioids, and any subsequent opioid prescriptions filled within 30 days of surgical discharge date. Results were presented stratified by surgical procedure.ResultsFor three of the four surgical procedures we assessed, the proportion of patients who filled a postoperative opioid prescription decreased with age (P < 0.001 for trend), and there was a small shift in the type of opioid (more codeine or tramadol and less oxycodone; P < 0.001 for trend). However, the total MME dose of the initial prescription(s) filled showed minimal age‐related trends.ConclusionsThe proportion of opioid‐naïve patients filling postoperative opioid prescriptions decreases with age. However, postoperative opioid prescription dosage is not typically different in older adults.
Antipsychotic Medications and DNA Methylation in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review
Authors: Burghardt Kyle J. , Khoury Audrey S. , Msallaty Zaher , Yi Zhengping , Seyoum Berhane 
Published: February 2020

The pharmacoepigenetics of antipsychotic treatment in severe mental illness is a growing area of research that aims to understand the interface between antipsychotic treatment and genetic regulation. Pharmacoepigenetics may some day assist in identifying treatment response mechanisms or become one of the components in the implementation of precision medicine. To understand the current evidence regarding the effects of antipsychotics on DNA methylation a systematic review with qualitative synthesis was performed through Pubmed, Embase and Psychinfo from earliest data to June 2019. Studies were included if they analyzed DNA methylation in an antipsychotic‐treated population of patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Data extraction occurred via a standardized format and study quality was assessed. Twenty‐nine studies were identified for inclusion. Study design, antipsychotic type, sample source, and methods of DNA methylation measurement varied across all studies. Eighteen studies analyzed methylation in patients with schizophrenia, four studies in patients with bipolar disorder, and seven studies in a combined sample of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Twenty‐two studies used observational samples whereas the remainder used prospectively treated samples. Six studies assessed global methylation, five assessed epigenome‐wide, and 15 performed a candidate epigenetic study. Two studies analyzed both global and gene‐specific methylation, whereas one study performed a simultaneous epigenome‐wide and gene‐specific study. Only three genes were analyzed in more than one gene‐specific study and the findings were discordant. The state of the pharmacoepigenetic literature on antipsychotic use is still in its early stages and uniform reporting of methylation site information is needed. Future work should concentrate on using prospective sampling with appropriate control groups and begin to replicate many of the novel associations that have been reported.