bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of patients with low back pain in the emergency department: Is it feasible to follow evidence‐based recommendations?
Authors: Urrutia Julio , Besa Pablo , Meissner‐Haecker Arturo , Gonzalez Rodrigo , Gonzalez Javiera 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveLow back pain is frequently seen in patients visiting the ED, but many patients receive medical care with no demonstrable benefits. We studied the clinical characteristics of patients visiting two EDs in Santiago, Chile, and their management to evaluate how it adheres to evidence‐based recommendations.MethodsWe studied 519 patients and retrieved their demographic and clinical data, imaging testing and treatments. We determined the effect of sex, age, time from initial symptoms, pain measured with the visual analogue scale, presence of nerve radiation and the presence of red flags and neurological impairment on image testing and the management received.ResultsMean age was 43.8 years; 57.8% were females. Females presented more often red flags (7.3 vs 3%, P = 0.04) and worse pain (visual analogue scale = 7 vs 6, P = 0.04) than males. Imagings were performed in 18.9% of patients; they were more frequently performed in patients with neurological impairment (P = 0.03) and red flags (P = 0.01). Intravenous non‐opioids were administered in 25.6%; opioids were administered in 40.1%. Median time in the ED was 91 min (range 18–591); 16 (3.08%) patients were admitted. Age (odds ratio [OR] 1.04 [1.03–1.05], P < 0.01) and red flags (OR 4.9 [1.60–20.08], P < 0.01) influenced imaging testing; pain intensity influenced opioid use (OR 1.6 [1.29–1.95], P < 0.01), hospital admissions (1.95 [1.14–3.33], P < 0.01) and time in the ED (β = 0.5, P < 0.01).ConclusionOlder age, the presence of red flags and pain intensity influenced the management of patients with low back pain in the ED. Future strategies should emphasise avoiding costly and ineffective management in these patients.
Lipophorin receptor regulates the cuticular hydrocarbon accumulation and adult fecundity of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum
Authors: Qiao Jian‐Wen , Fan Yong‐Liang , Bai Tian‐Tian , Wu Bing‐Jin , Pei Xiao‐Jin , Wang Dun , Liu Tong‐Xian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCuticular hydrocarbons form a barrier that protects terrestrial insects from water loss via the epicuticle. Lipophorin loads and transports lipids, including hydrocarbons, from one tissue to another. In some insects, the lipophorin receptor (LpR), which binds to lipophorin and accepts its lipid cargo, is essential for female fecundity because it mediates the incorporation of lipophorin by developing oocytes. However, it is unclear whether LpR is involved in the accumulation of cuticular hydrocarbons and its precise role in aphid reproduction remains unknown. We herein present the results of our molecular characterization, phylogenetic analysis, and functional annotation of the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) LpR gene (ApLpR). This gene was transcribed throughout the A. pisum life cycle, but especially during the embryonic stage and in the abdominal cuticle. Furthermore, we optimized the RHA interference (RNAi) parameters by determining the ideal dose and duration for gene silencing in the pea aphid. We observed that the RNAi‐based ApLpR suppression significantly decreased the internal and cuticular hydrocarbon contents as well as adult fecundity. Additionally, a deficiency in cuticular hydrocarbons increased the susceptibility of aphids to desiccation stress, with decreased survival rates under simulated drought conditions. Moreover, ApLpR expression levels significantly increased in response to the desiccation treatment. These results confirm that ApLpR is involved in transporting hydrocarbons and protecting aphids from desiccation stress. Furthermore, this gene is vital for aphid reproduction. Therefore, the ApLpR gene of A. pisum may be a novel RNAi target relevant for insect pest management.
DNA metabarcoding for biodiversity monitoring in a national park: Screening for invasive and pest species
Authors: Hardulak Laura A. , Morinière Jérôme , Hausmann Axel , Hendrich Lars , Schmidt Stefan , Doczkal Dieter , Müller Jörg , Hebert Paul D. N. , Haszprunar Gerhard 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDNA metabarcoding was utilized for a large‐scale, multiyear assessment of biodiversity in Malaise trap collections from the Bavarian Forest National Park (Germany, Bavaria). Principal component analysis of read count‐based biodiversities revealed clustering in concordance with whether collection sites were located inside or outside of the National Park. Jaccard distance matrices of the presences of barcode index numbers (BINs) at collection sites in the two survey years (2016 and 2018) were significantly correlated. Overall similar patterns in the presence of total arthropod BINs, as well as BINs belonging to four major arthropod orders across the study area, were observed in both survey years, and are also comparable with results of a previous study based on DNA barcoding of Sanger‐sequenced specimens. A custom reference sequence library was assembled from publicly available data to screen for pest or invasive arthropods among the specimens or from the preservative ethanol. A single 98.6% match to the invasive bark beetleIps duplicatuswas detected in an ethanol sample. This species has not previously been detected in the National Park.
Locating the MB2 canal in relation to MB1 in Maxillary First Molars using CBCT imaging
Authors: Zhuk Ruvim , Taylor Stuart , Johnson James D. , Paranjpe Avina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to determine the location of MB2 in maxillary first molars in relation to the MB1 using the cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging. In this retrospective study, electronic health records’ system was utilised to identify patients who acquired CBCT for the maxillary first molar as an imaging adjunct to their endodontic treatment. Data were evaluated, and statistical analysis was performed. For the initial treatment cases, the distance from MB1 to MB2 was 2.06 ± 0.52 mm. This did not change significantly for cases that were being retreated. Statistically significant differences were observed between the distances from MB1 to MB2 in males vs. female teeth with males demonstrating longer distances as compared to females. Variations in anatomy exist between patients but this study established some guidelines for clinicians to locate the MB2 canal orifices. This could potentially help with treating these teeth with minimal failure rates.
An integration analysis based on genomic, transcriptomic and QTX information reveals credible candidate genes for fat‐related traits in pigs
Authors: Fu Y. , Wang L. , Tang Z. , Yin D. , Xu J. , Fan Y. , Li X. , Zhao S. , Liu X. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryMeat quality improvement is of great interest to researchers in pig breeding and many researchers have identified abundant associated quantitative trait loci, genes and polymorphisms (QTXs) for fat‐related traits. However, it is challenging to determine credible candidate genes from a mass of associations. The efficiency of identification of credible candidate genes in these QTXs is restricted by limited integration analyses of data from multiple omics. In this study, we constructed a ‘candidate gene map’ of fat‐related traits in pigs based on published literature and the latest genome. In total, 6,861 QTXs, which covered 9,323 genes on the pig genome, were used. Combining the QTX hotspots and pathway analysis, we identified 180 candidate genes that may regulate the fat‐related traits, and choose PNPLA2, PPARG, SREBF1, ACACA, PPARD and PPARA as credible candidate genes. In addition, we discussed the importance of incorporating transcriptome data and genomic data in causal gene identification, and the multi‐omics information can effectively improve the credibility of identified candidate genes.
Measuring aniseikonia tolerance range for stereoacuity – a tool for the refractive surgeon
Authors: Krarup Therese , Nisted Ivan , Kjærbo Hadi , Christensen Ulrik , Kiilgaard Jens Folke , la Cour Morten 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveNo method exists to measure aniseikonia tolerance in stereoacuity. The brain can compensate for 2%–3% aniseikonia (i.e. 2–3 dioptres of anisometropia) without impairing stereoacuity; however, a substantial proportion of anisometropic patients experience problems caused by disruptions of sensory fusion due to surgically induced aniseikonia. We hypothesized that individual differences in tolerance to aniseikonia exist and sought to develop a method to measure aniseikonia tolerance.MethodsA total of 21 eye‐healthy phakic individuals older than 50 years of age and 11 patients awaiting clear lens extraction were included. Patients were tested with best corrected near and distance visual acuity, cover/uncover test, eye dominance test, stereoacuity threshold (TNO test), slit lamp examination and ocular coherence tomography. The stereoacuity threshold was determined with aniseikonia induced by different size lenses ranging from 1% to 9% magnification of both eyes in increments of 1%. The aniseikonia tolerance range (ATR) was defined as the percentage aniseikonia in which the stereoacuity threshold was maintained.ResultsWe examined 32 patients with a median age of 65 (95% CI: 62–66 years), CDVA better than 6/7.5 (0.1 logMAR), and median near visual acuity better than 6/6 (0.0 logMAR). The median stereoacuity threshold was 60 arcsec (maximum 30, minimum 120). We observed large inter‐individual differences in ATR: 6/31 (19%) participants had an ATR of ≤1%, 1/31 (3%) had an ATR of 1‐5%, 7/31 (22%) had an ATR of 5‐10%, and 17/31 (54%) had an ATR of >10%.ConclusionWe present a reliable method for measuring the amount of aniseikonia that a person can tolerate without impairing stereopsis. We report large inter‐individual differences in tolerance of aniseikonia.
Effects of Allium mongolicum Regel supplementation on the digestibility, methane production, and antioxidant capacity of Simmental calves in northwest China
Authors: Xie Kaili , Wang Zhaofeng , Wang Yongjia , Wang Chunmei , Chang Shenghua , Zhang Cheng , Zhu Wanhe , Hou Fujiang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of Allium mongolicum Regel (AM) supplementation on nitrogen (N) balance, ruminal fermentation, and antioxidant properties. Sixteen male calves were assigned randomly to four groups, and the four were added with 0 (CON), 200 mg/kg (body weight; BW) (Low AM; LA), 400 mg/kg (BW) (Middle AM; MA), or 800 mg/kg (BW) (High AM; HA) per day for each individual. AM was added on dry matter (DM) basis. The experiment lasted for 58 days. Supplementation of AM could significantly increase average daily gain, DM digestibility, acid detergent fiber digestibility, and retained N/Intake N. N digestibility and molar proportion of propionate in the MA and HA treatments were higher than that in the CON treatment (p < .05), respectively. AM supplementation significantly increased the molar concentration of total volatile fatty acid in the rumen fluid (p < .05). The ratio of acetate to propionate in the MA and HA groups was lower than that in the CON treatment (p < .05). Furthermore, AM supplementation significantly reduced methane (CH4) (p < .05) emissions. AM supplementation significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase. The MA group could significantly increase the activities of glutathione peroxidase and decrease the content of malondialdehyde. Our results indicated that AM supplementation could affect the nutrient digestibility, CH4 emission, and antioxidant capacity of Simmental calves.
Critical analysis of communication strategies in public health promotion: An empirical‐ethical study on organ donation in Germany
Authors: Hansen Solveig Lena , Pfaller Larissa , Schicktanz Silke 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGiven the need for organs, public organizations use social marketing strategies to increase the number of donors. Their campaigns employ a variety of moral appeals. However, their effects on audiences are unclear. We identified 14 campaigns in Germany from over the last 20 years. Our approach combined a multimodal analysis of categorized posters with a qualitative analysis of responses, collected in interviews or focus groups, of 53 persons who were either skeptical or undecided about organ donation. The combined analyses revealed that the posters failed to motivate laypersons in general to donate, and were even less effective on skeptical or undecided individuals. We explain this in terms of the types of moral messages found on posters and the limits of such social marketing strategies. Furthermore, we discuss certain ethical aspects of organ donation campaigns pertaining to communicating norms and trust in public institutions.
How can use of the Theoretical Domains Framework be optimized in qualitative research? A rapid systematic review
Authors: McGowan Laura J. , Powell Rachael , French David P. 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThe Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) is an integrative framework which can facilitate comprehensive assessment of behavioural determinants in qualitative studies. However, studies can become entirely deductive if they adhere rigidly to the provided guidance and may thus overlook important factors. This review identified the number of TDF‐related qualitative publications employing health care professional (HCP) or patient/public samples (stage 1) and investigated the specific methods used and impact on findings in research involving patient/public populations, with consideration of how TDF use could be optimized in such studies (stage 2).MethodsA rapid systematic review of TDF‐based qualitative studies was conducted. Studies were included in stage 1 that had (1) used qualitative methods of both data collection and analysis and (2) used the TDF to inform data collection and/or analysis. Stage 2 included studies from stage 1 that employed patient/public populations and explored influences of behaviour. These studies were coded for instances of TDF use with respect to data collection, analysis, and reporting of findings.ResultsIn stage 1, 186 TDF‐based qualitative studies were identified (HCP = 123; patient/public = 43; both = 20). Thirty‐eight of these were eligible for inclusion in stage 2. Many of these studies used the TDF in a highly structured way within data collection, and the majority used a deductive approach to analysis. Most studies presented findings confined to TDF domains, with no non‐TDF material presented.ConclusionsRigid operationalization of the TDF in qualitative studies may result in determinants being overlooked. We propose recommendations for flexible use of the TDF in order to optimize its use in exploratory qualitative research.
Mechanism of action of SNF472, a novel calcification inhibitor to treat vascular calcification and calciphylaxis
Authors: Perelló Joan , Ferrer Miquel D. , del Mar Pérez Maria , Kaesler Nadine , Güney Ayshe , Brandenburg Vincent M. , Behets Geert J. , D'Haese Patrick C. , Garg Rekha , Isern Bernat , Gold Alex , Wolf Myles , Salcedo Carolina 
Published: June 2020

Background and PurposeNo therapy is approved for vascular calcification or calcific uraemic arteriolopathy (calciphylaxis), which increases mortality and morbidity in patients undergoing dialysis. Deposition of hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystals in arterial walls is the common pathophysiologic mechanism. The mechanism of action of SNF472 to reduce HAP deposition in arterial walls was investigated.Experimental ApproachWe examined SNF472 binding features (affinity, release kinetics and antagonism type) for HAP crystals in vitro, inhibition of calcification in excised vascular smooth muscle cells from rats and bone parameters in osteoblasts from dogs and rats.Key ResultsSNF472 bound to HAP with affinity (KD) of 1–10 μM and saturated HAP at 7.6 μM. SNF472 binding was fast (80% within 5 min) and insurmountable. SNF472 inhibited HAP crystal formation from 3.8 μM, with complete inhibition at 30.4 μM. SNF472 chelated free calcium with an EC50 of 539 μM. Chelation of free calcium was imperceptible for SNF472 1–10 μM in physiological calcium concentrations. The lowest concentration tested in vascular smooth muscle cells, 1 μM inhibited calcification by 67%. SNF472 showed no deleterious effects on bone mineralization in dogs or in rat osteoblasts.Conclusion and ImplicationsThese experiments show that SNF472 binds to HAP and inhibits further HAP crystallization. The EC50 for chelation of free calcium is 50‐fold greater than a maximally effective SNF472 dose, supporting the selectivity of SNF472 for HAP. These findings indicate that SNF472 may have a future role in the treatment of vascular calcification and calcific uraemic arteriolopathy in patients undergoing dialysis.
Context‐dependent irritability in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: correlates and stability of family‐restricted versus cross‐situational temper outbursts
Authors: Courbet Ophélie , Slama Hichem , Purper‐Ouakil Diane , Massat Isabelle , Villemonteix Thomas 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundImpairing irritability is highly prevalent in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), although manifestations of irritability are not necessarily present in all settings (home, school, with peers). At the moment, little is known about the relative prevalence, stability, and etiologies of contextual versus cross‐situational manifestations of irritability in ADHD. In this study, levels of dysfunctional parenting practices and sleep problems were compared in irritable versus nonirritable children with ADHD, in cases of family‐restricted versus cross‐situational irritability, and examined as predictors of irritability levels over a one‐year interval. Stability of irritability manifestations over time was investigated, and prevalence of cross‐situational disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) versus ‘family‐restricted’ DMDD was compared.MethodOne hundred and seventy children with ADHD (age 6–11) were examined. Parents completed a semi‐structured interview and questionnaire to assess irritability, and parent‐report questionnaires were used to evaluate parenting practices and sleep problems. Questionnaires were completed for a second time after a one‐year interval.ResultsParenting practices were more dysfunctional in the irritable group compared to the nonirritable group, while sleep problems did not differ between these two groups. Levels of parenting practices and sleep problems did not predict later irritability after correction for multiple comparison nor did they differ between the family‐restricted and cross‐situational irritable groups. Finally, family‐restricted irritability was as prevalent and as stable over time as cross‐situational irritability and family‐restricted DMDD as prevalent as cross‐situational DMDD.ConclusionsFactors associated with contextual versus cross‐situational manifestations of irritability in ADHD remain elusive. More subtle measures of parenting practices should be considered, including psychological control or accommodation, and other constructs such as social inhibition. Despite not being captured by current nosography, severe forms of family‐restricted irritability may be as prevalent as severe forms of cross‐situational irritability.
An expert‐generated tool for assessing policy capacity
Authors: Lawrence Logan M. , Fierlbeck Katherine , McGrath Patrick J. , Curran Janet A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract“Policy capacity” describes the ability of policy‐making systems to do quality work. Better‐quality policy work leads to more successful policies. There have been limited attempts to operationalize theoretical understanding of policy capacity, resulting in a lack of shared understanding and assessment metrics. In this Delphi study, health policy experts validated an existing multidimensional conceptual framework for policy capacity. Factors that contribute to policy success were identified and rated to represent aspects of policy capacity, and arranged within the conceptual framework, as were factor indicators. The resulting tool provides expert‐generated items for transparently and systematically assessing policy capacity.
The miR‐1908/SRM regulatory axis contributes to extracellular vesicle secretion in prostate cancer
Authors: Urabe Fumihiko , Kosaka Nobuyoshi , Sawa Yurika , Ito Kagenori , Kimura Takahiro , Egawa Shin , Ochiya Takahiro , Yamamoto Yusuke 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTargeting extracellular vesicle (EV) secretion can have potential clinical implications for cancer therapy, however the precise regulatory mechanisms of EV secretion are not fully understood. Recently, we have shown a novel pathway of EV biogenesis in PCa cell lines, PC3 and PC3M. However, as the characteristics of EVs are divergent even among PCa cell lines, we hypothesized that other pathways or common regulatory pathways of EV biogenesis still exist. Here, we performed quantitative high‐throughput screening to determine the key regulatory genes involved in EV biogenesis in 22Rv1 cells, which secrete a different type of EVs. In total, 1728 miRNAs were screened and miR‐1908 was selected as the potential miRNA regulating EV biogenesis in 22Rv1 cells. Subsequently, we investigated target genes of miR‐1908 using siRNA screening and identified that spermidine synthase (SRM) was the key regulator of EV secretion in 22Rv1 cells. Attenuation of SRM expression significantly inhibited secretion of EVs in 22Rv1 cells, and overexpression of SRM was confirmed in PCa tissues. Furthermore, we found that the number of endosome compartments was increased in cellular cytoplasm after knockdown of the SRM gene. In conclusion, our results showed that miR‐1908‐mediated regulation of SRM can control secretion of EVs in PCa. In addition, these data suggested that the EV secretion pathway was dependent on cellular characteristics.
Evaluation and comparison of histologic changes and implant survival in extraction sites immediately grafted with two different xenografts: A randomized clinical pilot study
Authors: Sivolella Stefano , Botticelli Daniele , Prasad Sanjana , Ricci Sara , Bressan Eriberto , Prasad Hari 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this prospective, single‐center randomized pilot study was to histologically evaluate and compare vital bone development in premolar and molar‐extraction sites grafted with two different bovine‐derived xenografts. The secondary outcome of interest was implant survival in the grafted sites.Materials and MethodsAdult patients in need of at least two tooth extractions were enrolled. A paired design was used; each patient received at least one of each type of graft at different sites. Each extraction site was randomized to one of two xenograft treatment groups. A resorbable membrane was always placed, and primary intention soft tissue closure was achieved. Four months later, implants were placed and a trephine drill was used to remove bone cores for histologic and histomorphometric analysis.ResultsSixteen patients with 40 extraction sites were enrolled; 20 sites were grafted with one type of xenograft and 20 with another. Mean patient age was 53.5 years, and 65% of patients were male. Evaluation of bone core samples taken from grafted sites showed no significant difference in the mean value of percentage of new bone formation between the different grafted sites (33.4% and 32.4%, p = .76). Cumulative implant survival was 97.5% at the 24‐month follow‐up visit.ConclusionWithin the limitations of this pilot study, no statistically significant differences in new bone growth between sites grafted with two different types of xenograft were found. Both graft materials promoted the formation of new bone and provided osseous support for implant placement after socket grafting.