bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on illness perceptions of Chinese rural‐dwelling adults with hypertension: A descriptive study
Authors: Yang Lili , Winslow Betty , Huang Jingying , Zhou Na 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to describe the levels of illness perception and identify interrelations among the variables of illness perception, demographic, and health‐related characteristics in a sample of rural Chinese adults with hypertension (HTN).DesignThis is a cross‐sectional descriptive study using descriptive and correlation analysis.SampleIt included 163 people diagnosed with HTN for at least 3 years who lived in two rural villages in Zhejiang Province of mainland China during 2014–2015.MeasurementsIllness perception was measured by the Chinese Illness Perception Questionnaire‐Revised. Demographic and illness characteristics were collected by the researcher. Weight, height, and blood pressure (BP) were, respectively, measured by calibrated scale and digital sphygmomanometers.ResultsThe findings showed that the BP control rate was 28.80% in the village. The highest average item score found in timeline (3.98 ± 0.76) and control (3.29 ± 0.67) subscales indicated that rural Chinese adults believe in the chronicity and controllability of HTN. Negative illness representation presented the lowest mean item score (2.64) suggesting that the participants neither perceive symptom variation of the illness nor their illness as serious. Interrelations existed among the illness perception variables with variation from that in other previous study. The cause of HTN was attributed to balance factors, psychological factors, risk factors, and cultural factors in sequence. Age, education, body mass index, and household annual income were correlated with illness perception.ConclusionThese findings suggested that misconceptions about HTN perception existed among rural adults in the villages. Comprehensive health education program is needed to increase rural adults' knowledge and management of HTN.
Photoprotection and optimization of sucrose usage contribute to faster recovery of photosynthesis after water deficit at high temperatures in wheat
Authors: Correia Pedro M. P. , da Silva Anabela B. , Roitsch Thomas , Carmo‐Silva Elizabete , Marques da Silva Jorge 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPlants are increasingly exposed to events of elevated temperature and water deficit, which threaten crop productivity. Understanding the ability to rapidly recover from abiotic stress, restoring carbon assimilation and biomass production, is important to unravel crop climate resilience. This study compared the photosynthetic performance of two Triticum aestivum L. cultivars, Sokoll and Paragon, adapted to the climate of Mexico and UK, respectively, exposed to 1‐week water deficit and high temperatures, in isolation or combination. Measurements included photosynthetic assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, in vitro activities of Rubisco (EC 4.1.1.39) and invertase (INV, EC 3.2.1.26), antioxidant capacity and chlorophyll a fluorescence. In both genotypes, under elevated temperatures and water deficit (WD38°C), the photosynthetic limitations were mainly due to stomatal restrictions and to a decrease in the electron transport rate. Chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters clearly indicate differences between the two genotypes in the photoprotection when subjected to WD38°C and showed faster recovery of Paragon after stress relief. The activity of the cytosolic invertase (CytINV) under these stress conditions was strongly related to the fast photosynthesis recovery of Paragon. Taken together, the results suggest that optimal sucrose export/utilization and increased photoprotection of the electron transport machinery are important components to limit yield fluctuations due to water shortage and elevated temperatures.
Numerical Analysis for the Assessment of Factors Influencing the Breakdown of Swirl Flow in a Cylinder Driven by a Rotating End Wall
Authors: Sreejith M. , Lal S. Anil , Pai Abhijith S. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Finite element solution for the classical problem of swirl flow in a cylinder with a rotating lid has been used to study the characteristic features of the stream-tube and identify the factors contributing to axial vortex breakdown. An increase of rotational Reynolds number has been found to result in (i) a decrease of total flow rate; (ii) an increase of flow rate through the boundary layer over the stationary walls; (iii) an increase of the throat area of the stream-tube, with the upstream axial vortex flow in some cases having a deficit in momentum flux needed to overcome the pressure and viscous forces; and (iv) an increase of distance for the axial flow to sustain deceleration in the diverging passage. Based on the analysis, it is hypothesized that “flow with particles in axial vortex motion having a deficit of momentum flux for axial flow when subjecting to a fluctuating radial force undergoes axial vortex breakdown.” This explanation has been able to justify the disappearance of vortex breakdown at larger Re of laminar regime and the absence of vortex breakdown in small aspect ratio cylinders. We report novel results pertaining to total flow rate and its distribution within the vessel. The momentum flux of axial vortex, a main determinant of bubble breakdown, is found to be governed by the total flow rate, distribution of flow through the boundary layers, and the Reynolds number. The proposed hypothesis has been verified by analyzing two cases, one involving a passive and the other involving an active mechanism for regulating the axial momentum.
Numerical Analysis of Cavitation Inception and Desinence Behind Orifices
Authors: Amromin E. L. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Experimental results and trends for cavitation inception and desinence behind orifices in microchannels are quite different from the data obtained during previous experiments in much larger facilities. The objective of this paper is to explain these differences via a numerical analysis. The employed computational procedure is divided into two parts. The first part is computation of an axisymmetric separated flow around the orifice. The second part is determination of characteristics of cavities appearing within separation zones. The provided analysis of the experimental data of other researchers pointed out two sources of the above-mentioned differences. First, for larger orifices, the cavities appear in the cores of drifting vortices. For such a situation, cavitation inception and desinence number increases with the inflow speed due to an impact of turbulence, but there is no such an increase for microbubbles with laminar flows. Second, because of the difficulty to measure the cavity pressure in microbubbles, cavitation number is usually defined with employment of the vapor pressure, and this leads to misinterpretation of the measurements and their trends.
The Effect of Compression Garments on Performance in Elite Winter Biathletes
Authors: Toolis Tom , McGawley Kerry 
Published: October 2020

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of wearing upper- and lower-body compression garments on cross-country skiing performance in elite winter biathletes. Methods: A total of 7 senior biathletes (4 men and 3 women) from the Swedish national team performed 2 exercise trials in a randomized and counterbalanced order, wearing either commercially available upper- and lower-body compression garments (COMP) or a standard winter-biathlon racing suit (CON). In each trial, the athletes roller-skied on a customized treadmill, completing a time trial simulating the skiing duration of a biathlon sprint race, followed by a time-to-exhaustion test designed to elicit exhaustion within ∼60 to 90 seconds. Heart rate, blood lactate concentration, rating of perceived exertion, thermal sensation, and thermal comfort were monitored throughout each trial, while muscle soreness was measured up to 48 hours after each trial. Results: Pressure exerted by the clothing was significantly higher at all anatomical sites for COMP compared with CON (P ≤ .002). Wearing COMP led to small positive effects on time-trial (d = 0.31) and time-to-exhaustion test (d = 0.31) performances compared with CON, but these differences were not statistically significant (P > .05). No significant differences were found for any physiological (heart rate or blood lactate concentration) or subjective (rating of perceived exertion, thermal sensation, thermal comfort, or muscle soreness) responses between COMP and CON (P > .05). Conclusion: Wearing COMP during maximal cross-country skiing may have small but worthwhile beneficial effects on performance for some individuals. Due to individual variation, athletes are advised to test COMP prior to competition.
Diagnostic accuracy of MRI for identifying posterior element bone stress injury in athletes with low back pain: a systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Esh Roy , Grødahl Linn Helen J , Kerslake Robert , Strachan Kate , Spencer Simon , Fawcett Louise , Rushton Alison , Heneghan Nicola R 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnostic accuracy of MRI for identifying posterior element bone stress injury (PEBSI) in the athletic population with low back pain (LBP).Study DesignA systematic review searched for published sources up until July 2020.Eligibility criteria:prospective cohort design, MRI diagnosis, adolescents/young adults, chief symptoms of LBP, PEBSI as the clinical diagnosis and SPECT-CT as reference standard. Risk of bias and overall quality were assessed using QUADAS-2 and GRADE, respectively. A narrative synthesis was conducted.ResultsFour studies were included, with three included in the quantitative synthesis. Compared with SPECT-CT, two studies involving MRI demonstrated sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 100%, and 88% and 97%, respectively. Compared with CT, one study involving MRI demonstrated sensitivity and specificity of 97% and 91%, respectively. Risk of bias was moderate to high although consistency across studies was noted.ConclusionFindings support further research to consider MRI as the modality of choice for diagnosing PEBSI. MRI was consistent with SPECT-CT for ruling-in PEBSI, but the clinical value of cases where MRI had false negatives remains uncertain due to possible over-sensitivity by SPECT-CT.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42015023979.
Associations between fitness, physical activity and mental health in a community sample of young British adolescents: baseline data from the Fit to Study trial
Authors: Wheatley Catherine , Wassenaar Thomas , Salvan Piergiorgio , Beale Nick , Nichols Thomas , Dawes Helen , Johansen-Berg Heidi 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesTo examine relationships between fitness, physical activity and psychosocial problems among English secondary school pupils and to explore how components of physically active lifestyles are associated with mental health and well-being.MethodsA total of 7385 participants aged 11–13 took a fitness test and completed self-reported measures of physical activity, attitudes to activity, psychosocial problems and self-esteem during the Fit to Study trial. Multilevel regression, which modelled school-level cluster effects, estimated relationships between activity, fitness and psychosocial problems; canonical correlation analysis (CCA) explored modes of covariation between active lifestyle and mental health variables. Models were adjusted for covariates of sex, free school meal status, age, and time and location of assessments.ResultsHigher fitness was linked with fewer internalising problems (β=−0.23; 95% CI −0.26 to −0.21; p<0.001). More activity was also related to fewer internalising symptoms (β=−0.24; 95% CI −0.27 to −0.20; p<0.001); the relationship between activity and internalising problems was significantly stronger for boys than for girls. Fitness and activity were also favourably related to externalising symptoms, with smaller effect sizes. One significant CCA mode, with a canonical correlation of 0.52 (p=0.001), was characterised high cross-loadings for positive attitudes to activity (0.46) and habitual activity (0.42) among lifestyle variables; and for physical and global self-esteem (0.47 and 0.42) among mental health variables.ConclusionModel-based and data-driven analysis methods indicate fitness as well as physical activity are linked to adolescent mental health. If effect direction is established, fitness monitoring could complement physical activity measurement when tracking public health.
A Vector-Length Agnostic Compiler for the Connex-S Accelerator with Scratchpad Memory
Authors: Şuşu Alexandru E. 
Published: October 2020

Compiling sequential C programs for Connex-S, a competitive, scalable and customizable, wide vector accelerator for intensive embedded applications with 32 to 4,096 16-bit integer lanes and a limited capacity local scratchpad memory, is challenging.
Our compiler toolchain uses the LLVM framework and targets OPINCAA, a JIT vector assembler and coordination C++ library for Connex-S accelerating computations for an arbitrary CPU. Therefore, we address in the compiler middle end aspects of efficient vectorization, communication, and synchronization. We perform quantitative static analysis of the program useful, among others, for the symbolic-size compiler memory allocator and the coordination mechanism of OPINCAA. We also discuss the LLVM back end for the Connex-S processor and the methodology to automatically generate instruction selection code for emulating efficiently arithmetic and logical operations for non-native types such as 32-bit integer and 16-bit floating-point.
By using JIT vector assembling and by encoding the vector length of Connex-S as a parameter in the generated OPINCAA program, we achieve vector-length agnosticism to support execution on distinct embedded devices, such as several digital cameras with different resolutions, each equipped with custom-width Connex-S accelerators meant to save energy for the image processing kernels.
Since Connex-S has a limited capacity local scratchpad memory of 256 KB normally, we present how we also use the PPCG C-to-C code generator to perform data tiling to minimize the total kernel execution time, subject to fitting larger program data in the local memory. We devise an accurate cost model for the Connex-S accelerator to choose optimal performance tile sizes at compile time.
We successfully compile several simple benchmarks frequently used, for example, in high-performance and computer vision embedded applications. We report speedup factors of up to 11.33 when running them on a Connex-S accelerator with 128 16-bit integer lanes w.r.t. the dual-core ARM Cortex A9 host clocked at a frequency 6.67 times higher, with a total of two 128-bit Neon SIMD units.
Anatomic Suitability for Branched Thoracic Endovascular Repair in Patients with Aortic Arch Pathological Features
Authors: Smorenburg Stefan P.M. , Montesano Matthew , Hoogteijling Tijs J. , Truijers Maarten , Symersky Petr , Jansen Evert K. , Zandbergen Harmen R. , Wisselink Willem , van Schaik Theodorus G. , Yeung Kak Khee 
Published: October 2020

Background
Endovascular repair has become a viable alternative for aortic pathological features, including those located within the aortic arch. We investigated the anatomic suitability for branched thoracic endovascular repair in patients previously treated with conventional open surgery for aortic arch pathological features.

Methods and Results
Patients who underwent open surgery for aortic arch pathological features at our institution between 2000 and 2018 were included. Anatomic suitability was determined by strict compliance with the anatomic criteria within manufacturers’ instructions for use for each of the following branched thoracic stent grafts: Relay Plus Double‐Branched (Terumo‐Aortic), TAG Thoracic Branch Endoprosthesis (W.L. Gore & Associates), Zenith Arch Branched Device (Cook‐Medical), and Nexus Stent Graft System (Endospan Ltd/Jotec GmbH). Computed tomography angiography images were analyzed with outer luminal line measurements. A total of 377 patients (mean age, 64±14 years; 64% men) were identified, 153 of whom had suitable computed tomography angiography images for measurements. In total, 59 patients (15.6% of the total cohort and 38.6% of the measured cohort) were eligible for endovascular repair using at least one of the devices. Device suitability was 30.9% for thoracic aneurysms, 4.6% for type A dissections, 62.5% for type B dissections, and 28.6% for other pathological features.

Conclusions
The anatomic suitability for endovascular repair of all aortic arch pathological features was modest. The highest suitability rates were observed for thoracic aneurysms and for type B dissections, of which repair included part of the aortic arch. We suggest endovascular repair of arch pathological features should be reserved for high‐volume centers with experience in endovascular arch repair.
Caregivers’ hopes, expectations and concerns surrounding the employment and future of young people with mental health conditions
Authors: Teh Wen Lin , Roystonn Kumarasan , Vaingankar Janhavi Ajit , Goh Chong Min Janrius , Zhang YunJue , Chong Siow Ann , Verma Swapna , Tay Benjamin , Subramaniam Mythily 
Published: October 2020

Objective: Informal caregivers are often placed in a better position to understand and advocate for the vocational needs of young persons with mental health conditions. However, their opinions are largely ignored in the planning of vocational outcomes. This qualitative study had two broad aims: to explore (1) the perceptions of caregivers of young adults with mental health conditions on issues of paid employment and (2) their views and expectations of employment support services. Methods: A total of 30 semi-structured interviews were conducted. Caregivers were 45 years old on average, the majority were women (73%) and were of Chinese ethnicity (53%). Most participants (60%) were parents of the young persons with psychotic disorders (57%), or affective and mood disorders, such as depression or anxiety disorders (43%). Results: Thematic analyses of data revealed three superordinate themes: (1) caregiving roles, (2) caregivers’ expectations and hopes, and (3) barriers to employmentof young persons with mental health conditions. Conclusions and implications for practice: Caregivers strongly believed that employment support services should prioritise and advocate for recovery while securing employment. Local mental health employment support services should incorporate the views and expectations of caregivers of young persons with mental health conditions to foster better coordination between stakeholders, and enhance support for successful employment, reintegration into the community, and ultimately recovery for these individuals.
Development and validation of the Lo’s Healthy and Happy Lifestyle Scale (LHHLS): The resilience in general population facing COVID-19 in Taiwan
Authors: Lo Angela , Hsieh Kuan-Ying , Lu Wan-Chun , Shieh Ierna , Chou Frank Huang-Chih , Shieh Vincent 
Published: October 2020

Background: This article explores the effectiveness of development of the Lo’s Healthy and Happy Lifestyle Scale (LHHLS), which is an evaluative tool that monitors the resilience of the Taiwan population in times of such COVID-19 epidemic. Also, to verify factors of resilience, namely the reliability and validity of self-efficacy and positive thinking, and establishment of a prospective norm analysis. Method: The study mainly applied Explorative Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to develop LHHLS and establish the reliability and validity of the tool’s structure, verify norm analysis and the reliability of data from each question using Cronbach’s alpha. Results: According to statistics, LHHLS has a good factorial effectiveness and relatively high reliability, with factor reliability analyses where Cronbach’s alpha lies between 0.83 to 0.94. The 14 questions in the LHHLS has a total variance of 67.04%. The tool includes two sub-assessments that are theoretically and statistically appropriate: mental health/self-efficacy and positive thinking. Conclusion: The tool LHHLS can be applied to populations affected by COVID-19. With participants’ self-awareness of mental health state and state of happy living, this tool is valid and reliable in assessing and evaluating the resilience of such participants against times of COVID-19. This study can become future use for epidemic prevention communities in monitoring residents’ healthy living and changes in their resilience. Also, can become a reference standard for interventions to reduce the impacts populations’ happy and healthy living, in times of biological disasters.
Outcomes of Posterior Arthroscopic Reduction and Internal Fixation (PARIF) for the Posterior Malleolar Fragment in Trimalleolar Ankle Fractures
Authors: Martin Kevin D. , Tripp Courtney T. , Huh Jeannie 
Published: October 2020

Background: Posterior malleolar fractures within a trimalleolar ankle fracture pattern are challenging to manage. Posterior ankle arthroscopy provides a means to assess the intra-articular and syndesmotic reductions, while removing loose bodies. The purpose of this study was to determine the radiographic and patient reported outcomes of posterior arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation (PARIF) in trimalleolar ankle fractures. Methods: From November 2015 to March 2019, we prospectively enrolled consecutive trimalleolar ankle fractures that underwent PARIF by a single surgeon. Preoperative and postoperative computed tomography (CT) scans were interpreted by 2 blinded musculoskeletal radiologists for articular reduction, syndesmosis congruity, and presence of ossific loose bodies. Patient outcomes were assessed using the Foot and Ankle Disability Index (FADI), American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle score, Olerud-Molander Ankle Score (OMAS), and visual analog scale (VAS). A total of 28 trimalleolar ankle fractures were treated with PARIF. Mean patient age was 36 years (range, 19-69). Results: Preoperative CT identified 18 intra-articular loose bodies (range, 0-4) in 36% of ankles and 75% (n = 21) syndesmosis incongruity. Postoperative CT scans demonstrated anatomic intra-articular reduction in all fractures, 41.7% (5/12) syndesmosis incongruity without fixation, and 0% (0/9) with suture-button fixation. At mean 2-year follow-up, the results were good to excellent with mean VAS score 1 (range, 0-4), AOFAS score 84 (range, 63-100), FADI 85 (range, 59-100), and OMAS 76 (range, 40-100). Conclusion: The PARIF technique for displaced posterior malleolar fractures was effective in achieving anatomic intra-articular reduction, syndesmosis congruity, and intra-articular loose body removal, while safely preserving the soft tissues. Level of Evidence: Level IV, prospective case series.