bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The interplay between host genetics and the gut microbiome reveals common and distinct microbiome features for complex human diseases
Authors: Xu Fengzhe , Fu Yuanqing , Sun Tingyu , Jiang Zengliang , Miao Zelei , Shuai Menglei , Gou Wanglong , Ling Chuwen , Yang Jian , Wang Jun , Chen Yu-ming , Zheng Ju-Sheng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Interest in the interplay between host genetics and the gut microbiome in complex human diseases is increasing, with prior evidence mainly being derived from animal models. In addition, the shared and distinct microbiome features among complex human diseases remain largely unclear.Results This analysis was based on a Chinese population with 1,475 participants. We estimated the SNP-based heritability, which suggested that Desulfovibrionaceae and Odoribacter had significant heritability estimates (0.456 and 0.476, respectively). We performed a microbiome genome-wide association study to identify host genetic variants associated with the gut microbiome. We then conducted bidirectional Mendelian randomization analyses to examine the potential causal associations between the gut microbiome and complex human diseases. We found that Saccharibacteria could potentially decrease the concentration of serum creatinine and increase the estimated glomerular filtration rate. On the other hand, atrial fibrillation, chronic kidney disease and prostate cancer, as predicted by host genetics, had potential causal effects on the abundance of some specific gut microbiota. For example, atrial fibrillation increased the abundance of Burkholderiales and Alcaligenaceae and decreased the abundance of Lachnobacterium, Bacteroides coprophilus, Barnesiellaceae, undefined genus in family Veillonellaceae and Mitsuokella. Further disease-microbiome feature analysis suggested that systemic lupus erythematosus and chronic myeloid leukaemia shared common gut microbiome features.Conclusions These results suggest that different complex human diseases share common and distinct gut microbiome features, which may help reshape our understanding of disease aetiology in humans.
Efficient Protection of Probiotics for Delivery to the Intestinal tract by Cellulose Sulphate Encapsulation
Authors: Gunzburg Walter Henry , Aung Myo Myint , Toa Pauline , Ng Shirelle , Read Eliot , Tan Wee Jin , Brandtner Eva Maria , Dangerfield John , Salmons Brian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Gut microbiota in humans and animals play an important role in health, aiding in digestion, regulation of the immune system and protection against pathogens. Changes or imbalances in the gut microbiota (dysbiosis) have been linked to a variety of local and systemic diseases, and there is growing evidence that restoring the balance of the microbiota by delivery of probiotic micro-organisms can improve health. However, orally delivered probiotic micro-organisms must survive transit through lethal highly acid conditions of the stomach and bile salts in the small intestine. Current methods to protect probiotic micro-organisms are still not effective enough.Results : We have developed a cell encapsulation technology based on the natural polymer, cellulose sulphate (CS) that protects members of the microbiota from stomach acid and bile. Here we show that six commonly used probiotic strains (5 bacteria and 1 yeast) can be encapsulated within CS microspheres. These encapsulated strains survive low pH in vitro for up to 4 hours without appreciable loss in viability as compared to their respective non-encapsulated counterparts. They also survive subsequent exposure to bile. The CS microspheres can be digested by levels of cellulase found in the human intestine, indicating one mechanism of release. Studies in mice that were fed CS encapsulated autofluorescing, commensal E. coli demonstrated release and colonization of the intestinal tract.Conclusion: Taken together, the data suggests that CS microencapsulation can protect bacteria and yeast from viability losses due to stomach acid, allowing the use of lower oral doses of probiotics and microbiota, whilst ensuring good intestinal delivery and release.
Time Taken to Resume Driving Following Hip Arthroscopy
Authors: Jo Suenghwan , Lee Sang Hong , Jang Se Woong , Choi Hyun Bai , Kim Ba Rom , Jeong Jae Han , Kim Soo Ah 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Resuming driving is a common concern among patients undergoing hip arthroscopy. The present study aimed to assess whether patients who had undergone right hip arthroscopy presented with poorer driving performance than patients with normal hips and to analyze the time required to regain preoperative driving performance. Methods: Forty-seven patients who had undergone right hip arthroscopy and consented to our test protocol were included in this study. Using an immersive driving simulator, the patients were tested for their brake reaction time (BRT), total brake time (TBT), and brake pedal depression (BPD) preoperatively and postoperatively. The first postoperative assessments were conducted when the patients could comfortably sit on the driving seat, and the follow-up assessments were conducted for 6 consecutive weeks at weekly intervals. The patients were divided into the following two groups based on the type of surgery that they underwent: the femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) surgery group and the simple hip arthroscopy (SA) group. Twenty healthy volunteers underwent driving assessments thrice at weekly intervals and constituted the control group. The braking parameters were compared between preoperative and postoperative measurements and among the FAI surgery, SA, and control groups. Results: The preoperative braking parameters of the patients who underwent arthroscopy did not differ significantly from those of the controls (p=0.373, 0.763, and 0.447 for the BRT, TBT, and BPD, respectively). All braking parameters returned to normal in 2 weeks in the FAI surgery group and in 1 week in the SA group. Conclusions: Our study suggests that the driving performance of patients who underwent right hip arthroscopy is comparable to that of individuals with normal hips and that the braking parameters may normalize to the preoperative state at 1 week after SA and 2 weeks after FAI surgery.
Sedation Practices for Routine Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: A Systematic Review of Recommendations
Authors: Dossa Fahima , Megetto Olivia , Yakubu Mafo , Zhang David D.Q. , Baxter Nancy N. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

Sedation is commonly used in gastrointestinal endoscopy; however, considerable variability in sedation practices has been reported. The objective of this review was to identify and synthesize existing recommendations on sedation practices for routine gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures.

Methods

We systematically reviewed guidelines and position statements identified through a search of PubMed, guidelines databases, and websites of relevant professional associations from January 1, 2005 to May 10, 2019. We included English-language guidelines/position statements with recommendations relating to sedation for adults undergoing routine gastrointestinal endoscopy. Documents with guidance only for complex endoscopic procedures were excluded.

We extracted and synthesized recommendations relating to: 1) choice of sedatives, 2) sedation administration, 3) personnel responsible for monitoring sedated patients, 4) skills and training of individuals involved in sedation, and 5) equipment required for monitoring sedated patients. We assessed the quality of included documents using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation (AGREE) II tool.

Results

We identified 19 guidelines and 7 position statements meeting inclusion criteria. Documents generally agreed that a single, trained registered nurse can administer moderate sedation, monitor the patient, and assist with brief, interruptible tasks. Documents also agreed on the routine use of pulse oximetry and blood pressure monitoring during endoscopy. However, recommendations relating to the drugs to be used for sedation, the healthcare personnel capable of administering propofol and monitoring patients sedated with propofol, and the need for capnography when monitoring sedated patients varied. Only 9 documents provided a grade or level of evidence in support of their recommendations.

Conclusions

Recommendations for sedation practices in routine gastrointestinal endoscopy differ across guidelines/position statements and often lack supporting evidence with potential implications for patient safety and procedural efficiency.

Registration Number

CRD42019141076
Comparison of unilateral and bilateral polymethylmethacrylate-augmented cannulated pedicle screw fixation for the management of lumbar spondylolisthesis with osteoporosis
Authors: Liu Yao-yao , Xiao Jun , Jin Huai-jian , Wang Zhong , Yin Xiang , Liu Ming-yong , Zhao Jian-hua , Liu Peng , Dai Fei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Cannulated pedicle screw (CPS) augmented by polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) can achieve satisfactory clinical efficacy in the treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis with osteoporosis. However, accurate application of CPSs will help to avoid the difficulty of screw revision and reduce the incidence of PMMA-related complications. This study aimed to investigate the mid-term efficacy of CPS compared to unilateral and bilateral applications in this common lumbar degenerative disease.Methods: Between May 2011 and May 2018, 50 patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis with osteoporosis who underwent posterior fixation and fusion using traditional pedicle screws or CPSs were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups based on the application: the unilateral PMMA-augmented CPS group (UC, n = 29) and the bilateral PMMA-augmented CPS group (BC, n = 21). Operation time, blood loss, average hospitalization time, PMMA leakage, and other complications were recorded. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores were used to evaluate symptom recovery. Radiographic results were compared for intervertebral fusion and screw loosening.Results: There were no significant differences in the baseline data of the two groups.The VAS and ODI scores improved significantly after surgery (P < 0.05), with no significant differences between the groups (P > 0.05). The operation time and blood loss in the UC group were significantly lower than those in the BC group (P < 0.05). However, the loss of intervertebral disc height and Taillard index did not differ significantly between the groups. The rates of PMMA leakage in the UC and BC groups were 7.0% and 11.9%, respectively (P < 0.05). Bony fusion was achieved in all groups without screw loosening at the last follow-up. Only one patient experienced superficial infection in both groups, while cerebrospinal fluid leakage was observed in two patients in the BC group.Conclusions: Unilateral application of PMMA-augmented CPS may provide adequate clinical safety and effectiveness in the surgical treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis with osteoporosis.
“There’s a Lot of Support”: Junior Doctors’ Experiences of the Medical Internship
Authors: Carlsson Yvonne , Nilsdotter Anna , Bergman Stefan , Liljedahl Matilda 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: It is known that the transition from medical school to clinical work can be stressful. In some countries, an introductory service bridges the gap, introducing the doctor-to-be to clinical work. However, there is a lack of scientific knowledge about whether these introductory services serve their purpose as justifiable introductions. To address the gap, this paper aimed to explore experiences that junior doctors hold of the medical internship.Methods: Using a qualitative description approach, data was collected through twelve individual in-depth interviews with volunteering medical interns from three different hospital sites in Sweden. Data were verbatim transcribed and analysed by qualitative content analysis, generating categories and themes. Results: Four main themes were identified in our data. The interns felt increasingly comfortable as doctors (‘finding one’s feet’) through taking responsibility for patients while receiving necessary help and assistance (‘a doctor with support’). Although appreciative of getting an overview of the healthcare organisation (‘healthcare sightseeing’), interns were exhausted by repeatedly changing workplaces and felt stuck in a rigid framework (‘stuck at the zoo’).Conclusions: This study showed that the transition from medical student to clinical doctor does not necessarily have to be characterised by stress and mental exhaustion but can, with extensive support, provide a fruitful opportunity for interns to grow into their roles as doctors.
Nonintubated Minimally Invasive Chest Wall Stabilization for Multiple Rib Fractures: a Prospective, Single-arm Study
Authors: Zhao Weigang , Chen Yonglin , He Weiwei , Zhao Yonghong , Yang Yi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Nonintubated video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery has been widely reported in the past decade, while nonintubated chest wall stabilization has not been reported previously. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of nonintubated minimally invasive chest wall stabilization in patients with multiple rib fractures.Methods: We conducted a prospective, single-arm, observational study. In this prospective study, 20 consecutive patients with multiple rib fractures were treated using nonintubated minimally invasive chest wall stabilization.Results: Minimally invasive chest wall stabilization was mostly performed for lateral rib fractures in this study (n=8). The mean operation time was 92.5 minutes, and the mean blood loss was 49 ml. No patient required conversion to tracheal intubation. The mean extubation time of the laryngeal mask was 8.9 minutes; the mean postoperative fasting time was 6.1 hours; the mean postoperative hospital stay was 6.2 days; the mean amount of postoperative drainage was 97.5 ml; the mean postoperative pain score was 2.9 points at 6 hours, 2.8 points at 12 hours, and 3.0 points at 24 hours; and the mean postoperative nausea and vomiting score was 1.9 points at 6 hours, 1.8 points at 12 hours, and 1.7 points at 24 hours.Conclusions: Nonintubated minimally invasive chest wall stabilization is safe and feasible in carefully selected patients. Further studies with a large sample size are warranted.
Astragalus flavone ameliorates atherosclerosis and hepatic steatosis via improving lipid metabolism and inhibition of inflammation in apoE-/- mice
Authors: Ma Chuanrui , Zhang Jing , Yang Shu , Hua Yunqing , Su Jing , Shang Yuna , Wang Zhongyan , Feng Ke , Zhang Jian , Zhang Hao , Zhao Linna , Mao Jingyuan , Fan Guanwei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Atherosclerosis is a major pathogenic factor in cardiovascular diseases during the aging process. Foam cell formation and endothelial dysfunction play a key role in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis, which are affected by lipid disorder and inflammation. Therefore, the drug for inhibition of endothelial dysfunction and the subsequent foam cell formation is a therapeutic approach for atherosclerosis treatment. Total flavone of Astragalus membranaceus (TFA) is extracted from Astragalus membranaceus that has protective effect on cardiovascular disease. However, the effect of TFA on atherosclerosis and the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Methods: In this study, we determined whether TFA could inhibit atherosclerosis; and uncovered the underlying molecular mechanisms. In vivo, apoE deficient mice were treated with TFA contained in high-fat diet for 16 weeks. After treatment, aorta, macrophage and serum samples were collected to determine atherosclerotic lesions, lipid metabolism, and expression of associated genes. Concurrently, we investigated the effect of TFA on monocyte adhesion, foam cell formation, endothelial activation, and macrophage polarization in vitro and in vivo. Results: TFA reduced atherosclerotic plaque size; and enhanced lesion stability by changing the composition of plaque. Moreover, foam cell formation and its accumulation in arterial wall were attenuated by TFA, which might be attributed to improved lipid disorder, reduced inflammation, and decreased monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. Mechanistically, TFA reduced the expression of scavenger receptor, such as CD36 and SRA; promoted the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 and G1 (ABCA1/G1). More importantly, TFA reduced the expression of miR-33, a negative regulator of cholesterol efflux as well as positive mediator on inflammation; and concurrently reduced NFkB activity, by which de-repressed ABCA1/G1 activity and inhibited the inflammation. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that TFA can attenuate atherosclerosis via dual inactivation of miR-33 and NFkB signaling pathway and inhibition of scavenger receptors (CD36 and SRA), which suggests that TFA might be a novel therapeutic approach for inhibition of atherosclerosis.
Clinical Features of Anti-Synthetase Syndrome Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: A Retrospective Cohort in China
Authors: Xi ZHAN , Wei YAN , Ying WANG , Qing LI , Xuhua SHI , Yanli GAO , Qiao YE 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAntisynthetase Syndrome (ASSD) is a chronic autoimmune condition characterized by antibodies directed against an aminoacycl transfer RNA synthetase (ARS) along with a group of clinical features including the classical clinical triad: inflammatory myopathy, arthritis, interstitial lung disease (ILD). ASSD is highly heterogenous due to the different organs involvement, and ILD is the main cause of mortality and function loss, which presents as different patterns when diagnosed. We designed this retrospective cohort to describe the clinical features and disease behavior of the ASSD associated ILD. MethodsRetrospectively collected the data of 108 cases of ASSD associated ILD in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital since 2017.12 to 2019.3. Data was obtained from the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) system. Patients were divided into 5 groups according to the distinct Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (ARS) antibodies. Results108 consecutive patients were recruited. 33 were with JO-1 positive and 30 were with PL-7 positive. 23 with EJ positive, 13 with PL12 positive and 9 with OJ positive. JO-1 group had a significant higher rate of mechanic’s hand (57.6%) than other 4 groups. Polymyositis/ Dermatomyositis (PM/DM) was diagnosed in 25 (23.1%) patients and no difference was observed among the 5 groups. The anti-PL7 positive group had a higher frequency of UIP pattern (13.3%) than other 4 groups but the difference was not significant, and EJ group had the most frequent OP pattern(78.2%), which was significantly higher than PL-7 group (P<0.001) and PL-12 group (P=0.025). The median follow-up time were 10.7 months. All received prednisone treatment, with or without immunosuppressants, and at the 6-month-follow up, the JO-1 group and EJ group had a significantly higher improvement of forced vital capacity that the other 3 groups (P<0.05), and PL-7 group had the lowest FVC improvement (P<0.05). The anti-Jo1-positive group and anti-EJ-positive group had significantly higher anti-RO52-positive occurrence than other 3 groups (P<0.05).ConclusionAnti PL-7 antibody had the same frequency as anti-JO1 in ASSD-ILD, in which the ILD pattern was different with distinct anti-ARS antibodies. All ASSD-ILD responded to therapy of steroids, with or without immunosuppressants. PL-7 group had a highest occurrence of UIP pattern, and significantly lower respondence to therapy.
Subconjunctival Use of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Treat Chronic Superficial Keratitis in German Shepherd Dogs: Pilot Study.
Authors: Pereira Alexandre Luiz , Bittencourt Maura Wanderley , Barros Michele Andrade , Malago Rodolfo , Martins João Flávio Panattoni , Morais Bruna , Montiani-Ferreira Fabiano , de Vasconcellos Jose Paulo Cabral 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Chronic superficial keratitis (CSK) is an ocular condition in dogs characterized by corneal opacification leading to visual function impairment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effect of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) of adipose tissue in dogs with CSK.Results: The conventional treatment group received topical Prednisolone 1% and the experimental group received MSC on the order of 1x106 were injected via subconjunctival in the peri-limbal region at 0 and 30 days. The animals were followed for 110 days to monitor the clinical progression and the statistical analysis was performed. Comparison of initial and final images revealed that areas with neovascularization and inflammatory infiltrate regressed in most eyes in both the conventional and experimental groups at the end of the 110 days. The experimental group responded positively to MSC treatment, but bellow the response achieved by the conventional group. Some areas of opacity of the cornea become transparent after transplantation of MSC. No local or systemic side effects were observed.Conclusions: Stem cells treatment produced clinical improvement in patients with CSK after 110 days without use of any drug combination and any local or systemic side effects, even if the improvement obtained was less than that seen with conventional corticosteroid therapy.
Intrauterine growth restriction in a cohort of migrants in Germany
Authors: Ankert Juliane , Groten Tanja , Pletz Mathias W. , Mishra Sasmita , Seliger Gregor , Lobmaier Silvia M. , Costa Clarissa Prazeres da , Seidel Vera , von Weizsäcker Katharina , Jablonka Alexandra , Dopfer Christian , Schleenvoigt Benjamin Thomas 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Migrant women may have an increased risk of adverse birth outcomes. This study analyses the occurrence of low birth weight, preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in pregnant migrants. Method: Cross-sectional study of 82 mother-child pairs of pregnant migrants attending medical care in Germany.Results: Median age was 27 years, 49% were of oriental-asian ethnicity and median year of migration was 2015. At least one previous pregnancy was reported in 76%. Delivery mode was caesarian section in 40%. Median gestational age was 39.7 weeks. Preterm birth occurred in 6.1%. Median gestational age for preterm birth was 32.3 weeks. Low birth weight (<2500 g) occurred in 6.1%. Birth weights below the 10th percentile of birth weight for gestational age were observed in 8.5% of the total cohort. Conclusions: Compared to German data no increased occurrence of low birth weight, preterm birth or IUGR was found. Of note, rate of caesarian section was higher than in the general population for reasons yet to be identified. The authors propose stratification according to migration status for the national documentation of birth outcomes in Germany.Trial registration: ClinicalTrails.gov, NCT03158298. Registered 18 May 2017 - Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03158298