bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of the melting seawater‐ice elution method on the metabarcoding characterization of benthic protist communities
Authors: Reñé Albert , Auladell Adrià , Reboul Guillaume , Moreira David , López‐García Purificación 
Published: March 2020

SummaryMassive amplicon sequencing approaches to characterize the diversity of microbial eukaryotes in sediments are scarce and controls about the effects introduced by different methods to recover DNA are lacking. In this study, we compare the performance of the melting seawater‐ice elution method on the characterization of benthic protist communities by 18S rRNA gene metabarcoding with results obtained by direct cell lysis and DNA purification from sediments. Even though the most abundant operational taxonomic units were recovered by both methods, eluted samples yielded higher richness than samples undergoing direct lysis. Both treatments allowed recovering the same taxonomic groups, although we observed significant differences in terms of relative abundance for some of them. Dinoflagellata and Ciliophora strongly dominated the community in eluted samples (> 80% reads). In directly lysed samples, they only represented 37%, while groups like Fungi and Ochrophytes were highly represented (> 20% reads respectively). Our results show that the elution process yields a higher protist richness estimation, most likely as a result of the higher sample volume used to recover organisms as compared to commonly used volumes for direct benthic DNA purification. Motile groups, like dinoflagellates and ciliates, are logically more enriched during the elution process.
Reduced caloric intake and periodic fasting independently contribute to metabolic effects of caloric restriction
Authors: Velingkaar Nikkhil , Mezhnina Volha , Poe Allan , Makwana Kuldeep , Tulsian Richa , Kondratov Roman V. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCaloric restriction (CR) has positive effects on health and longevity. CR in mammals implements time‐restricted (TR) feeding, a short period of feeding followed by prolonged fasting. Periodic fasting, in the form of TR or mealtime, improves metabolism without reduction in caloric intake. In order to understand the relative contribution of reduced food intake and periodic fasting to the health benefits of CR, we compared physiological and metabolic changes induced by CR and TR (without reduced food intake) in mice. CR significantly reduced blood glucose and insulin around the clock, improved glucose tolerance, and increased insulin sensitivity (IS). TR reduced blood insulin and increased insulin sensitivity, but in contrast to CR, TR did not improve glucose homeostasis. Liver expression of circadian clock genes was affected by both diets while the mRNA expression of glucose metabolism genes was significantly induced by CR, and not by TR, which is in agreement with the minor effect of TR on glucose metabolism. Thus, periodic fasting contributes to some metabolic benefits of CR, but TR is metabolically different from CR. This difference might contribute to differential effects of CR and TR on longevity.
When and what time? On the seasonal and daily patterns of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in an Atlantic Forest remnant from Southern Brazil
Authors: Santos Emili B , Favretto Mario A , Müller Gerson A 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSurveys to discover the habitats of mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) are useful for understanding their distribution, seasonality activity patterns, ecological interactions and the risk they pose for disease transmission. Therefore, in this study, we conducted a 1 year survey of mosquito species and analysed the seasonality and daily rhythms of four species found in a forest fragment from Southern Brazil. Collections were performed during the morning, afternoon, and evening, from October 2012 to September 2013. The most abundant species were Psorophora ferox, Aedes crinifer and Coquillettidia venezuelensis. Ae. crinifer was collected during all seasons, exhibiting diurnal and nocturnal activity in all seasons, except summer. Cq. venezuelensis was collected only in spring and summer and was primarily nocturnal. Haemagogus leucocelaenus, which transmits the Yellow Fever virus, was collected in spring, summer, and autumn; this species was primarily diurnal and was more active in the afternoon. Ps. ferox was collected in spring, summer and autumn and was primarily diurnal. Despite the low abundance of mosquito species at our study site, we consider that the knowledge about Culicidae fauna was improved, mainly regarding their biology. We provide new data about mosquito species in a specific area in Southern Brazil, which was once known to record deaths of non‐human primates, a phenomenon that may be directly related to the presence of wild yellow fever vector mosquitoes.
Front Cover
Authors: Pascual‐Alonso Ainhoa , Blasco Laura , Vidal Silvia , Gean Esther , Rubio Patricia , O'Callaghan Mar , Martínez‐Monseny Antonio F. , Castells Alba Aina , Xiol Clara , Català Vicenç , Brandi Nuria , Pacheco Paola , Ros Carlota , del Campo Miguel , Guillén Encarna , Ibañez Salva , Sánchez María J. , Lapunzina Pablo , Nevado Julián , Santos Fernando , Lloveras Elisabet , Ortigoza‐Escobar Juan D. , Tejada María I. , Maortua Hiart , Martínez Francisco , Orellana Carmen , Roselló Mónica , Mesas María A. , Obón María , Plaja Alberto , Fernández‐Ramos Joaquín A. , Tizzano Eduardo , Marín Rosario , Peña‐Segura José L. , Alcántara Soledad , Armstrong Judith 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe cover image is based on the Original Article Molecular characterisation of Spanish patients with MECP2 duplication syndrome by Ainhoa Pascual‐Alonso et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/cge.13718.
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Effect of agricultural land‐use change on the structure of a temperate forest ant–plant interaction network
Authors: Lara Carlos , Martinez‐Bolaños Emilia , López‐Vázquez Karla , Díaz‐Castelazo Cecilia , Castillo‐Guevara Citlalli , Cuautle Mariana 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStudies on the responses of ant–plant interactions to land‐use change have mainly focused on tropical habitats, usually without considering the impacts on the structure of interaction networks. Here we show that land‐use modifies the structure of the ant–plant interaction networks in a temperate habitat. Ant–plant interactions and plant diversity were recorded in an oak forest and agricultural land in central Mexico. We registered five ant species in the oak forest, and four ant species in the agricultural land. Plant diversity was higher in the agricultural land than in the oak forest. In the ant–plant networks of both sites, our results showed a higher dependence of ants on the plants on which they feed than vice versa, and the ants Formica spp. and the plants Barkleyanthus salicifolius were the species with the most strength and greatest influence in the network structure. The ant–plant network in the oak forest showed a nested structure. However, the network at the agricultural land site showed non‐nestedness; the identity of both ants and plants with the highest values of specialization was different and the number of ant species in the network was decreased, but the number of plant species with which they interacted significantly increased. Both ant–plant networks were equally tolerant to simulated extinction of individual species. We conclude that temperate forest ant–plant networks can be inherently fragile and susceptible to the effects of agricultural land‐use change, not on the number of interacting species but on their identity.
Global networks on the way up and the way down: lessons from the rise and fall of the Seychelles as an offshore financial centre
Authors: Robertson Justin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOver the last two decades, the Seychelles quietly rose into the top echelon of the global offshore industry and then it experienced a sharp decline. Two different global networks contributed to this outcome. A global advisory network welcomed the Seychelles into its fold before a global banking network that controls access to US dollar transactions constricted its ties with the country. The larger significance is threefold. First, attention must be paid to global networks as both facilitating neoliberal globalization and as partially recoiling from it. Second, networks oriented around US dollar clearing banks and offshore advisers should be studied closely given the power that comes from their gatekeeper roles. Third, a development strategy founded on offshore business can run aground when faced with tightening global networks and a wavering domestic commitment. The result of these developments is a two‐track offshore economy with a downward path in some jurisdictions but greater continuity in other parts of the offshore system.
Do patients with von Willebrand disease exhibit higher blood loss and revision rates in hip and knee arthroplasty? A case‐control study
Authors: Kocaoğlu Hakan , Hennes Fabian , Abdelaziz Hussein , Sandiford Nemandra A. , Gehrke Thorsten , Citak Mustafa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the study was to compare the perioperative blood loss, need for transfusion and one‐year revision rates in patients undergoing hip and knee arthroplasty who also have a diagnosis of von Willebrand disease (VWD) with a matched control group.MethodsA retrospective single‐centre case‐control study was conducted. Fifty‐eight patients with VWD and 116 controls (1:2 match) who were operated for primary or revision hip and knee arthroplasty at our hospital were included. Blood loss, haemoglobin (Hb)‐drop, need for blood transfusion, intraoperative complications and revision rates within one year were noted in all cases. Outcome measures for subgroups of the primary hip, primary knee, revision hip and revision knee procedures, were also analysed.ResultsThe mean perioperative Hb‐drop was 3.47 (±1.27) g/dL and blood loss was 293 (±97) ml for the VWD group while Hb‐drop was 2.85 (±1.21) g/dL and blood loss was 232 (±105) mL for the control group (P < .001). There were no significant increased transfusion rates (P = .264) and revision rates in the VWD group (P = .634). Patients having primary hip surgery had significantly higher Hb‐drop (3.68 ± 1.25 g/dL vs 2.62 ± 1.19 g/dL; P = .003), higher blood loss (293 vs 203 mL; P = .002) and increased need for a transfusion (21% vs 2.6%; P = .038) compared to the controls. No outcome measure was found to be significantly different for primary and revision knee surgery.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that patients with VWD undergoing primary or revision total hip and knee arthroplasty have higher levels of blood loss than the control cohort. Perioperative protective measures including meticulous surgical techniques should be considered.
The communication skills and quality perceived in an emergency department: The patient's perspective
Authors: Orcajada Muñoz Irene , Amo Setien Francisco José , Díaz Agea José Luís , Hernández Ruipérez Tomás , Adánez Martínez María de Gracia , Leal Costa César 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimTo examine the influence of health care provider's communication skills on the quality of care perceived by Emergency Department patients.BackgroundCommunication between patients and health care providers in the context of Emergency Department is challenging and can potentially have a negative impact on the quality of care perceived by patients.DesignCross‐sectional descriptive study conducted in the Emergency Department at the University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca of Murcia, Spain.MethodData were collected from 6 to 9 June 2016. Different instruments were used to evaluate the perception of patients on the communication skills and quality of care at the Emergency Department.ResultsThe sample was composed of 200 patients, with an average age of 44.1 (SD = 18.3), of which 106 (53%) were men. The multiple linear regression analysis showed the association between communication skills (respect, problem solving, and nonverbal communication) and age with the quality of care perceived by the patients.ConclusionsWe found that the communication skills of the health care providers were explanatory variables of the quality of care perceived in an Emergency Department.
Leydig‐like cells derived from reprogrammed human foreskin fibroblasts by CRISPR/dCas9 increase the level of serum testosterone in castrated male rats
Authors: Huang Hua , Zhong Liang , Zhou Jin , Hou Yanping , Zhang Zhiyuan , Xing Xiaoyu , Sun Jie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the past few years, Leydig cell (LC) transplantation has been regarded as an effective strategy for providing physiological patterns of testosterone in vivo. Recently, we have successfully converted human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) into functional Leydig‐like cells (iLCs) in vitro by using the CRISPR/dCas9 system, which shows promising potential for seed cells. However, it is not known whether the reprogrammed iLCs can survive or restore serum testosterone levels in vivo. Therefore, in this study, we evaluate whether reprogrammed iLCs can restore the serum testosterone levels of castrated rats when they are transplanted into the fibrous capsule. We first developed the castrated Sprague Dawley rat model through bilateral orchiectomy and subsequently injected extracellular matrix gel containing transplanted cells into the fibrous capsule of castrated rats. Finally, we evaluated dynamic serum levels of testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) in castrated rats, the survival of implanted iLCs, and the expression levels of Leydig steroidogenic enzymes by immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting. Our results demonstrated that implanted iLCs could partially restore the serum testosterone level of castrated rats, weakly mimic the role of adult Leydig cells in the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal axis for a short period, and survive and secrete testosterone, through 6 weeks after transplantation. Therefore, this study may be valuable for treating male hypogonadism in the future.
Children's history of suicidal ideation and synchrony of facial displays of affect during mother–child interactions
Authors: James Kiera M. , Kudinova Anastacia Y. , Woody Mary L. , Feurer Cope , Foster Claire E. , Gibb Brandon E. 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundSuicidal thoughts and behavior can begin early in childhood and are a leading cause of death in youth. Although specific mechanisms of risk remain largely unknown, theorists and researchers highlight the importance of the parent–child relationship. The current study focused on one aspect of this relationship: the dynamic exchange of facial affect during interactions. Specifically, we examined the relation between children's history of suicidal ideation (SI) and synchrony of facial expressions during positive and negative mother–child interactions.MethodsParticipants were 353 mother–child dyads. Of these, 44 dyads included a child with an SI history. Dyads engaged in positive and negative discussions during which their facial electromyography was recorded from mothers and children to index second‐to‐second changes in positive (zygomaticus) and negative (corrugator) facial affect.ResultsChild SI dyads were characterized specifically by reduced synchrony of positive facial affect during the positive discussion compared to dyads without child SI.ConclusionsThese findings suggest child SI dyads exhibit reduced synchrony of normative positive expressions during mother–child interactions. If replicated and extended in longitudinal research, these results may help to explain one mechanism of risk among children with SI.
Combination of ultraviolet light‐C and clove essential oil to inactivate SalmonellaTyphimurium biofilms on stainless steel
Authors: Silva‐Espinoza Brenda A. , Palomares‐Navarro Julian J. , Tapia‐Rodriguez Melvin R. , Cruz‐Valenzuela Manuel R. , González‐Aguilar Gustavo A. , Silva‐Campa Erika , Pedroza‐Montero Martín , Almeida‐Lopes Monica , Miranda Raquel , Ayala‐Zavala Jesus F. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSalmonella typhimurium is able to form biofilms as a resistance mechanism against antimicrobials; therefore, it represents a problem for assuring food safety and highlights the importance of research on anti‐biofilm technologies. In this study, S. typhimurium biofilms were inactivated with the combination of clove essential oil (CEO) and ultraviolet light (UV‐C). The volatile composition of the CEO determined by gas chromatography showed eugenol as the major constituent (82%). A combination of CEO with UV‐C achieved a complete bacterial reduction (6.8 log/cm2) on biofilms with doses of 1.2 mg/ml and 76.41 mJ/cm2, respectively. Individually, the CEO at 1.2 mg/ml caused a reduction of 1.8 log CFU/cm2 of attached bacteria cells on stainless steel, while UV‐C individually used at 620.4 mJ/cm2 caused a 2.9 log CFU/cm2 reduction compared to control biofilms. In conclusion, this study demonstrated a synergistic effect of combining CEO and UV‐C irradiation to inactivate biofilms of S. typhimurium.
Comparison of midazolam and butorphanol combined with ketamine or dexmedetomidine for chemical restraint in howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans) for vasectomy
Authors: Fagundes Natália , Castro Marina Lopes , Silva Renata Andrade , De Lima Marcos Paulo Antunes , Braga Carolina Silveira , Dos Santos Eduardo Almeida Ruivo , Oliveira Moira Ansolch , Mattoso Claudio Roberto Scabelo , Pimenta Eutálio Luiz Mariani , Beier Suzane Lilian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluated and compared cardiorespiratory and blood gas parameters, as well as sedation, analgesia and recovery of two protocols: ketamine (10 mg/kg) or dexmedetomidine (10 μg/kg), with midazolam (0.5 mg/kg) and butorphanol (0.3 mg/kg), IM (KBM and DBM, respectively) in brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans).Material and methodsTwelve brown howler monkeys were selected in two groups and evaluated for cardiorespiratory parameters and sedation, from 5‐30 minutes after latency. Blood gas and arterial lactate were taken at 5 and 30 minutes. In the end, time and quality of recovery were evaluated.ResultsThe HR in DBM group was significantly lower at all times. The sedation score was higher in DBM. Recovery in DBM was faster. All animals had moderate hypoxaemia.ConclusionBoth protocols produce satisfactory anaesthesia and analgesia, but DBM provides deeper sedation with faster recovery. Oxygen supplementation is recommended in both due to hypoxaemia.
Neuroprotective actions of leptin facilitated through balancing mitochondrial morphology and improving mitochondrial function
Authors: Cheng Ying , Buchan Matthew , Vitanova Karina , Aitken Laura , Gunn‐Moore Frank J. , Ramsay Rona R. , Doherty Gayle 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction has a recognised role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. Cerebral perfusion becomes increasingly inefficient throughout ageing, leading to unbalanced mitochondrial dynamics. This effect is exaggerated by amyloid β (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau, two hallmark proteins of AD pathology. A neuroprotective role for the adipose‐derived hormone, leptin, has been demonstrated in neuronal cells. However, its effects with relation to mitochondrial function in AD remain largely unknown. To address this question, we have used both a glucose–serum‐deprived (CGSD) model of ischaemic stroke in SH‐SY5Y cells and a Aβ1–42‐treatment model of AD in differentiated hippocampal cells. Using a combination of 5,5’,6,6’‐tetrachloro‐1,1’,3,3’‐tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide (JC‐1) and MitoRed staining techniques, we show that leptin prevents depolarisation of the mitochondrial membrane and excessive mitochondrial fragmentation induced by both CGSD and Aβ1–42. Thereafter, we used ELISAs and a number of activity assays to reveal the biochemical underpinnings of these processes. Specifically, leptin was seen to inhibit up‐regulation of the mitochondrial fission protein Fis1 and down‐regulation of the mitochondrial fusion protein, Mfn2. Furthermore, leptin was seen to up‐regulate the expression and activity of the antioxidant enzyme, monoamine oxidase B. Herein we provide the first demonstration that leptin is sufficient to protect against aberrant mitochondrial dynamics and resulting loss of function induced by both CGSD and Aβ1–42. We conclude that the established neuroprotective actions of leptin may be facilitated through regulation of mitochondrial dynamics.
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Umbilical vein injection of 400 versus 800 μg misoprostol for the treatment of retained placenta: A multicenter, randomized double‐blind controlled trial
Authors: Alalaf Shahla K. , Al Tawil Namir G. , Jawad Ariana K. , Mahmoud Maryam B. , Muhamad Bahar Q. , Abdul Rahman Khansa H. , Sileem Sileem A. , Hassan Jinan N. , Ameen Khalida M. , Mustafa Samira A. , Bawadikji AbdulKader A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsThis trial was conducted to determine the efficacy of umbilical vein injection of 400 versus 800 μg misoprostol to deliver retained placenta and to compare both regimens regarding the time of placental delivery and amount of vaginal blood loss.MethodsA double‐blind, multicenter randomized clinical trial was undertaken in four teaching hospitals in the North of Iraq and Al‐Azhar University Hospital in Egypt, from March 2016 to May 2019. Group I (274 women) received 400 μg misoprostol and group II (249 women) received 800 μg misoprostol. Data regarding the time of placental separation and amount of vaginal blood loss were analyzed and proportions were compared between groups using Chi‐squared test. Mean values were compared using the Student's t‐test. The Mann–Whitney test was used to determine the median of vaginal blood loss.ResultsThe proportion of placental separation was 84.3% among women in group I and 86.7% of women in group II. The mean time of placental separation was 18.86 ± 234.2 and 17.86 ± 213.09 min in groups I and II, respectively (P < 0.05).The mean hemoglobin levels on admission and 24 h after placental deliveries were significantly higher in group I than group II.ConclusionsIntra‐umbilical injection of 400 and 800 μg misoprostol were both safe and effective methods for delivery of retained placenta.
Do preterm bones still break? Incidence of rib fracture and osteopenia of prematurity in very low birth weight infants
Authors: O'Reilly Peter , Saviani Michela , Tou Andrea , Tarrant Ailbhe , Capra Louise , McCallion Naomi 
Published: March 2020

AimExtremely premature babies are at risk of osteopenia of prematurity (OOP) as bone mineralisation in utero increases exponentially after 24 weeks gestation.Our aim was to assess the bone health of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. We wanted to establish the incidences of OOP and rib fracture. We also looked at which biochemical markers best predicted OOP. Bone health in this vulnerable population is an important aspect of management which should not be overlooked.MethodsThis was an observational study which included all VLBW infants, born in a national maternity hospital, over a 5‐year period. All X‐rays performed on these infants were reviewed. Data were also collected on biochemical markers associated with bone health. The medical records of infants with rib fractures were reviewed looking for causes of bone fragility.ResultsOf the 609 VLBW infants included in the study, only two cases of definitive rib fractures were found. This represents a rib fracture incidence of 3 per 1000. Thirty‐nine percent of VLBW babies showed radiological evidence suggestive of OOP.ConclusionOur findings show a lower rate of rib fracture in preterm infants compared to previous evidence. We also showed that these fractures were not evident on the final X‐ray prior to discharge. This implies that when an ex‐preterm infant presents to the emergency department with a rib fracture there should be an even higher suspicion for non‐accidental injury than previously thought.