bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visible Light Promoted, Catalyst‐Free Radical Carbohydroxylation and Carboetherification under Mild Biomimetic Conditions
Authors: Altmann Lisa‐Marie , Zantop Viviane , Wenisch Pia , Diesendorf Nina , Heinrich Markus R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMetal and catalyst‐free carbohydroxylations and carboetherifications at room temperature have been achieved by a combination of beneficial factors including high aryl diazonium concentration and visible light irradiation. The acceleration of the reaction by visible light irradiation is particularly remarkable against the background that neither the aryldiazonium salt nor the alkene show absorptions in the respective range of wavelength. These observations point to weak charge transfer interactions between diazonium salt and alkene, which are nevertheless able to considerably influence the reaction course. As highly promising perspective, many more aryldiazonium‐based radical arylations might benefit from simple light irradiation without requiring a photocatalyst or particular additive.
Blockchain and cryptocurrencies: A classification and comparison of architecture drivers
Authors: Garriga Martin , Dalla Palma Stefano , Arias Maxmiliano , De Renzis Alan , Pareschi Remo , Andrew Tamburri Damian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBlockchain is a decentralized transaction and data management solution, the technological leap behind the success of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. As the variety of existing blockchains and distributed ledgers continues to increase, adopters should focus on selecting the solution that best fits their needs and the requirements of their decentralized applications, rather than developing yet another blockchain from scratch. In this article we present a conceptual framework to aid software architects, developers, and decision makers to adopt the right blockchain technology. The framework exposes the interrelation between technological decisions and architectural features, capturing the knowledge from existing academic literature, industrial products, technical forums/blogs, and experts' feedback. We empirically show the applicability of our framework by dissecting the platforms behind Bitcoin and other top 10 cryptocurrencies, aided by a focus group with researchers and industry practitioners. Then, we leverage the framework together with key notions of the architectural tradeoff analysis method to analyze four real‐world blockchain case studies from industry and academia. Results shown that applying our framework leads to a deeper understanding of the architectural tradeoffs, allowing to assess technologies more objectively and select the one that best fit developers' needs, ultimately cutting costs, reducing time‐to‐market and accelerating return on investment.
Simultaneous Detection of Tyrosine and Structure‐Specific Intrinsic Fluorescence in the Fibrillation of Alzheimer's Associated Peptides
Authors: Singh Anurag , Khatun Suparna , Nath Gupta Amar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUnderstanding of the structural changes during their aggregation and interaction is a prerequisite for establishing the precise clinical relevance of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) (involved in Type‐II Diabetes Mellitus) in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease stemmed from beta‐amyloid (Aβ). Herein, we show that the steady‐state emission spectra obtained from photoluminescence (PL) simultaneously capture both the tyrosine derivative (tyrosinate) and the structure‐specific intrinsic fluorescence during the aggregation of Aβ and hIAPP. We observe multiple peaks in the emission spectra which exist for structure‐specific intrinsic fluorescence, and use the second derivative UV‐Vis spectra and the shift in the tyrosine peak as a quantitative measure of the dissimilitude in the electronic states and the fibril growth. We further applied these techniques to detect the static electric field (0, 40, 120, 200 V/cm) induced promotion and inhibition of fibrillation in Aβ, hIAPP and their electric field dependent role in the fibrillation of Aβ : hIAPP(1 : 1). The results were corroborated by field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and the determinations of secondary structures by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results indicate that the emission spectrum can be used as a sensor to detect the presence of fibrils; hence for screening potential inhibitors of amyloid fibrillation.
Risk factors for myocardial injury in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in China
Authors: Fan Qin , Zhu Hongling , Zhao Jiaxin , Zhuang Lingfang , Zhang Hang , Xie Hongyang , Zhang Ruiyan , Granada Juan F. , Xiang Xiaogang , Hu Weiguo , Yan Xiaoxiang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsIn patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), the involvement of the cardiovascular system significantly relates to poor prognosis. However, the risk factors for acute myocardial injury have not been sufficiently studied. Thus, we aimed to determine the characteristics of myocardial injury and define the association between routine blood markers and cardiac troponin I, in order to perform a predictive model.Methods and resultsThis retrospective cohort study included patients with confirmed COVID‐19 from Wuhan Tongji Hospital (Wuhan, China). Data were compared between those with and without myocardial injury. Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox regression models were used to describe the association between myocardial injury and poor prognosis. Simple correlation analyses were used to find factors associated with high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin I levels. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression methods were used to explore the risk factors associated with myocardial injury. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the predictive value of the model. Of 353 patients included in the study, 79 presented myocardial injury. Patients with myocardial injury had higher levels of inflammation markers, poorer liver and kidney function, and more complications compared with patients without myocardial injury. High‐sensitivity cardiac troponin I levels were significantly associated with neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, creatinine, d‐dimer, lactate dehydrogenase, and inflammatory cytokines and negatively associated with oxygen saturation. It was significantly associated with poor prognosis after adjusting for age, sex, and complications. Multivariate regression showed that myocardial injury was associated with a high neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (odds ratio 2.30, 95% CI 1.11–4.75, per standard deviation increase, P = 0.02), creatinine (3.58, 1.35–8.06, P = 0.01), and lactate dehydrogenase (3.39, 1.42–8.06, P = 0.01) levels. Using a predictive model, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.92 (0.88–0.96).ConclusionsIn patients with COVID‐19, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, creatinine, and lactate dehydrogenase are blood markers that could help identify patients with a high risk of myocardial injury at an early stage.
Optimal timing of echocardiography for heart failure inpatients in Japanese institutions: OPTIMAL Study
Authors: Tanaka Hidekazu , Nabeshima Yosuke , Kitano Tetsuji , Nagumo Sakura , Tsujiuchi Miki , Ebato Mio , Mataki Hiroyuki , Takada Masanori , Hayashi Taichi , Sato Daisuke , Miyasaka Yoko , Araki Keiko , Iwahashi Noriaki , Takeuchi Masaaki , Nakatani Satoshi ,   OPTIMAL investigators
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsGuidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure (HF) provided by the European Society of Cardiology state that echocardiography is recommended for the assessment of the myocardial structure and function of subjects with suspected HF including HF with reduced (HFrEF), mid‐range (HFmrEF), and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) as class I of recommendation and level C of evidence. However, the impact of timing of echocardiography on survival for hospitalized HF patients or the prevalence of echocardiography during their stay has not yet been fully investigated. Therefore, we designed and conducted a prospective multicentre study, Optimal Timing of Echocardiography for Heart Failure Inpatients in Japanese Institutions (OPTIMAL) study, to investigate and evaluate the prevalence of echocardiography during the in‐hospital stay of HF patients, and the impact of timing of echocardiography on their survival.Methods and resultsOPTIMAL was based on a nationwide, prospective, multicentre registry at 10 institutions in Japan endorsed by the Japanese Society of Echocardiography. A total of 601 patients hospitalized with HF were enrolled between August 2016 and July 2018 at the participating centres. Their mean age was 73.9 ± 13.0 years, left ventricular ejection fraction was 37.0% (26.0–50.0), and 256 patients (42.6%) were female. Admission echocardiography (admission echo) was categorized as either standard or point‐of‐care echocardiography performed within 3 days of admission, as was pre‐discharge echocardiography (pre‐discharge echo) within 3 days of discharge. The primary endpoint was defined as cardiovascular death over a median follow‐up period of 18.9 months (9.3–26.5 months). Admission echo was performed for 476 patients (79.2%) and pre‐discharge echo for 216 patients (35.9%). The primary endpoint of cardiovascular death occurred in 65 patients (10.8%). Kaplan–Meier curve findings indicated that survival of patients with pre‐discharge echo was significantly better than that of patients without it (log‐rank P < 0.001), and the same findings were obtained for patients with HFrEF, HFmrEF, and HFpEF. However, survival of patients with and without admission echo was similar (log‐rank P = 0.33).ConclusionsThis OPTIMAL study prospectively showed the importance of pre‐discharge echo for hospitalized HF patients. Careful attention is needed regarding the haemodynamic status of HF patients by administering pre‐discharge echo to avoid HF re‐hospitalization after discharge, and pre‐discharge echo may provide additional information for deciding the appropriate discharge time. Our findings may thus offer a new insight into the management of hospitalized HF patients.
Synthesis of g‐C3N4/InVO4 Semiconductor for Improved Photocatalytic and Photoelectrochemical Applications
Authors: Sariket Debasis , Ray Debasish , Baduri Swarnendu , Ghosh Sangeeta , Maity Arjun , Bhattacharya Chinmoy 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, graphite‐like carbon nitride‐indium vanadate (g‐C3N4/InVO4) composites have been synthesized via a mixing‐calcination method. Physico‐chemical and photocatalytic experiments suggested that the optimized g‐C3N4/InVO4 composite demonstrates highest photo‐activity in degrading Rhodamine B and para‐nitrophenol as target pollutants. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (Mott‐Schottky) analysis confirms n‐type semiconductivity for these materials whereas the composite material exhibited highest 13 μA/cm2 photocurrent under periodic UV‐Visible irradiation for water oxidation. The relative band positions indicate inter‐band interactions between heterojunctions of g‐C3N4 and InVO4 facilitating the separation and migration of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs and a stable performance was reported.
Effects of Dissolved Organic Carbon, Ultraviolet Light and their Co-Exposure on Deepwater Horizon crude oil acute toxicity to larval red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus)
Authors: Bonatesta Fabrizio , Leads Rachel R , Price Edwin R. , Roberts Aaron P. , Mager Edward M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In the aquatic environment, ubiquitous natural factors such as ultraviolet light (UV) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) are likely to influence crude oil toxicity. The present study examined the interactive effects of DOC, UV, and DOC–UV co-exposure on the acute toxicity of Deepwater Horizon crude oil in larval red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Although DOC alone did not influence crude oil toxicity, it mildly reduced UV photo-enhanced toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2509–2515. © 2020 SETAC
Abstract
Emulating environmental conditions in a laboratory setting: ultraviolet (UV), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and crude oil co-exposure to Sicaenops ocellatus. Although DOC alone did not influence acute crude oil toxicity, it mildly reduced the UV photo-enhanced toxicity of crude oil.
Fire Suppression Agents Combined with Gasoline in Aquatic Ecosystems: A Mixture Approach
Authors: Daniel Gabriela , Silva Ana Rita R. , de Souza Abessa Denis Moledo , Loureiro Susana 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Fire suppression agents are recommended for extinguishing fires by flammable liquids and frequently end in water bodies, combined with the fuels. There is a lack of toxicity information on these commercial formulations and the effects of mixtures of fire suppression agents and fuels. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the toxic effects of different fire suppression agents, the gasoline water-soluble fraction (GWSF), and mixtures of each fire suppression agent and GWSF. Individual tests were performed with Daphnia similis and Artemia sp.; the most toxic fire suppression agents to D. similis and Artemia sp. were F-500®, Cold Fire®, Agefoam®, and Kidde Sintex® 1%; the GWSF was the least toxic. The concentration addition model was used to predict the mixture effects and evaluate synergism/antagonism, dose ratio dependence, and dose level dependence. Cold Fire with GWSF showed dose level deviation to D. similis, marked mainly by synergism; for Artemia sp., the dose ratio pattern was predicted, with a synergistic response mainly by Cold Fire. Agefoam and GWSF behaved additively for D. similis and dose ratio for Artemia sp., with synergism being caused by Agefoam. Kidde Sintex 1% with GWSF were dose ratio for both organisms, with Kidde Sintex 1% being responsible for synergism. Our results show that some mixtures of fire suppression agents and GWSF may cause toxicity to aquatic organisms, posing risk in a real environmental scenario, such as a major fire combat. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:767–779. © 2020 SETAC
Development and physicochemical characterization of a new grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) miso
Authors: Santos Rafaela , Mansidão Ana , Mota Mariana , Raymundo Anabela , Prista Catarina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDWestern consumers interest in Eastern fermented foods has been growing, due to their nutritional and healthy properties. In this study, new sweet misos and salty misos were produced using grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) – traditional Portuguese legume from local producers – to promote its consumption and preservation. The evolution of the new misos was evaluated in comparison to traditional miso (made from soybean), through analysis of the chemical composition, colour, texture and linear viscoelastic behaviour.RESULTSThroughout the fermentation process, the ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds content – with important nutritional value – increased in all misos, mainly in misos produced using grass pea, besides, grass pea sweet miso presented the fastest evolution and darkest colour. The texture parameters (firmness and adhesiveness) of misos decreased over time: grass pea sweet miso showed the highest firmness reduction (51.63 N to 6.52 N) and soybean sweet miso the highest adhesiveness reduction (27.76 N to 3.11 N). Viscoelastic moduli also decreased, reflecting a reduction in the degree of internal structuring for all misos. However, grass pea misos presented more structured internal systems with faster maturation kinetics than soybean misos, for which stabilization started earlier.CONCLUSIONTwo innovative misos were developed from grass pea. After 4 months, the texture parameters and viscoelastic moduli for grass pea misos, were similar to the control misos made from soybean, showing that grass pea can be used as a raw material to produce a sustainable miso with potentially healthy properties. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Rapid detection of green‐pea adulteration in pistachio nuts using Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics
Authors: Taylan Osman , Cebi Nur , Yilmaz Mustafa Tahsin , Sagdic Osman , Ozdemir Durmus , Balubaid Mohammed 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDGround pistachio nut is prone to adulteration because of its high economic value and wide usage. Green pea is known as the main adulterant in frauds involving pistachio nuts. The present study developed a new, rapid, reliable and low‐cost methodology by using a portable Raman spectrometer in combination with chemometrics for the detection of green pea in pistachio nuts.RESULTSThree different methods of Raman spectroscopy‐based chemometrics analysis were developed for the determination of green‐pea adulteration in pistachio nuts. The first method involved the development of hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA), which differentiated authentic pistachio nuts from green pea and green pea‐adulterated samples. The best classification pattern was observed in the adulteration range of 20–80% (w/w). In addition to classification methods, partial least squares regression (PLSR) and genetic algorithm‐based inverse least squares (GILS) were also used to develop multivariate calibration models to determine quantitatively the degree of green‐pea adulteration in grounded pistachio nuts. The spectral range of 1790–283 cm−1 was used in the case of multivariate data analysis. A green‐pea adulteration level of 5–80% (w/w) was successfully identified by PLSR and GILS. The correlation coefficient of determination (R2) was determined as 0.91 and 0.94 for the PLSR and GILS analyses, respectively.CONCLUSIONA Raman spectrometer combined with chemometrics has a high capability with regard to the detection of adulteration in pistachio nuts, combined with low cost, strong reliability, a high level of accuracy, rapidity of analysis, and minimum sample preparation. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Production of an innovative mixed Qu (fermentation starter) for waxy maize brewing and comparison of the quality of different waxy maize wines
Authors: Liu Chang , Hou Hui , Lu Xiaoshuo , Chen Xin , Fang Donglu , Hu Qiuhui , Zhao Liyan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDWaxy maize (Zea mays L. sinensis Kulesh) is a good material for brewing. Waxy maize wine, a kind of Chinese rice wine, is strongly affected by a fermentation starter named Qu. In this study, an innovative mixed Qu, consisting of two yeasts and three molds, was produced and the raw‐starch brewing method was applied in winemaking. Three other waxy maize wines fermented by three kinds of commercial Qu were also analyzed for comparison.RESULTSDue to superb growth and fermentation characteristics, Saccharomyces cerevisiae CICC1009 and Pichia anomala CICC1851 were chosen to produce yeast Qu. The addition amount of yeast Qu was determined to be 30 g kg−1. In terms of chemical properties, mixed Qu was more suitable for making maize wine by the raw‐starch brewing method than the three kinds of commercial Qu with which it was compared. The most influential components for the overall aroma profile in maize wines fermented by mixed Qu and Mifeng Qu were ethyl butyrate and β‐damascenone, respectively, while in maize wines fermented by Angel Qu and Like Qu the most influential component was ethyl octanoate. Obvious differences were found among four maize wines regarding bitterness, umami, richness, saltiness, and sourness by the electronic tongue. The olfactory characteristics of maize wine fermented by Mifeng Qu were quite different from the other three according to the electronic nose.CONCLUSIONThe innovative mixed Qu can be considered as an excellent starter for raw‐starch brewing of waxy maize. The chemical indices and volatile flavor compounds of waxy maize wines were greatly affected by different kinds of Qu. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Valorization of orange bagasse through one‐step physical and chemical combined processes to obtain a cellulose‐rich material
Authors: Mantovan Janaina , Giraldo Gina A G , Marim Beatriz M , Kishima João O F , Mali Suzana 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDOrange bagasse (OB) is an agroindustrial residue of great economic importance that has been little explored for the extraction of cellulose. The present study aimed to investigate different combinations of chemical (sodium hydroxide, peracetic acid and alkaline peroxide) and physical (autoclaving and ultrasonication) treatments performed in one‐step processes for cellulose extraction from OB and to characterize the materials obtained according to their composition, morphology, crystallinity and thermal stability.RESULTSThe processing yields ranged from 140 to 820 g kg−1, with a recovery of 720–1000 g kg−1 of the original cellulose. Treatments promoted morphological changes in the fiber structure, resulting in materials with higher porosity, indicating partial removal of the noncellulosic fractions. The use of combined chemical treatments (NaOH and peracetic acid) with autoclaving was more efficient for obtaining samples with the highest cellulose contents.CONCLUSIONTherefore, ACSH (processed by autoclaving with NaOH) was the most effective one‐step treatment, resulting in 71.1% cellulose, 0% hemicellulose and 19.0% lignin, with a crystallinity index of 42%. The one‐step treatments were able to obtain materials with higher cellulose contents and yields, reducing reaction times and the quantity of chemical reagents employed in the overall processes compared to multistep conventional processes. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Molecular characterization of clinical isolates from vascular access infection: A single‐institution study
Authors: Tseng Yuan‐Hsi , Wong Min Yi , Huang Tsung‐Yu , Lin Bor‐Shyh , Tung Chun‐Wu , Huang Yao‐Kuang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHemodialysis requires repeated, reliable access to the systemic circulation; therefore, a well‐functioning vascular access (VA) procedure is crucial for stable hemodialysis. VA infections (VAIs) constitute the most challenging complication and cause considerable morbidity, loss of access, and even death. In this study, we investigated the molecular profiles of different bacterial isolates retrieved from various types of VA grafts. We collected clinical isolates from hemodialysis patients with VAIs in our institution for the period between 2013 and 2018. We identified the bacterial isolates using standard biochemical procedures; we used a polymerase chain reaction for coagulase‐negative staphylococci (CoNS) and Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) species identification. The antibiotic resistance and molecular profile were analyzed using the disk diffusion method and multilocus sequence typing, respectively. We studied 150 isolates retrieved from patients with VAI and observed that Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant bacterial species, followed by S. argenteus, BCC, and CoNS. According to multilocus sequence typing data, we identified a wide variety of sequence types (STs) in S. aureus isolates, with ST59, ST45, and ST239 being the predominant types. Burkholderia cepacia with two new ST types, namely ST1723 and ST1724, accounted for most of the BCC infections, along with ST102 B. contaminans, which were mainly isolated from infected tunneled‐cuffed catheters. In summary, the increased incidence of S. argenteus and BCC infections provides insights into their potential clinical effects in VAIs. The various STs identified in different bacterial species indicate the high genetic diversity of bacterial species isolated from VAIs in our institution.