bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Customizing hydrothermal properties of inkjet printed sensitive films by functionalization of carbon nanotubes
Authors: Bouhamed A , Rajendran D , Frenzel P , Zubkova T , Al-Hamry A , Miesel D , Kamatchi V , Ramalingame R , Bautista-Quijano J R , Lang H , Baumann R R , Kanoun O 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are attractive materials for realizing sensors, owing to their high aspect ratio associated with excellent mechanical, electronic, and thermal properties. Moreover, their sensing properties can be tuned by introducing functional groups on their framework and adjusting the processing conditions. In this paper, we investigate the potential of functionalized CNTs for humidity and temperature sensing by optimization of the functionalization, the processing conditions and the printing conditions. The morphology of the differently functionalized MWCNTs is investigated by infrared spectroscopy (IR), scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry (TG) and TG-coupled mass-spectrometric studies. Using the functionalized MWCNTs, films were fabricated with different numbers of layers (4, 6, 8, 10 layers) via inkjet printing on a flexible polyimide substrate containing an interdigital microelectrode. The influence of hydrothermal effects was investigated. The sensitivity to humidity is higher for films prepared with MWCNTs functionalized with a high sonication amplitude and a bigger number of layers due to enhancements of hydrophilicity and water mobility. A higher sensitivity to temperature is achieved by a low sonication amplitude and a small number of layers. For the encapsulation of the temperature sensor against humidity, a Bectron layer is proposed, which reduces also the hysteresis effect. This study demonstrates the efficiency of carboxylic functionalized MWCNTs deposit by inkjet printing for realization of sensitive and cost-effective humidity and temperature sensors. It provides a real example for the interesting contribution of functionalization procedures to the sensing properties of MWCNTs films.
Generation of tailored terahertz waves from monolithic integrated metamaterials onto spintronic terahertz emitters
Authors: Liu Yongshan , Bai Zhongyang , Xu Yong , Wu Xiaojun , Sun Yun , Li Helin , Sun Tong , Kong RuRu , Pandey Chandan , Kraft Michael , Song Qinglin , Zhao Weisheng , Nie Tianxiao , Wen Lianggong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Recently emerging spintronic terahertz (THz) emitters, featuring many appreciable merits such as low-cost, high efficiency, ultrabroadband, and ease of integration, offer multifaceted capabilities not only in understanding the fundamental ultrafast magnetism physics but also for exploring multifarious practical applications. Integration of various flexible and tunable functions at the source such as polarization manipulation, amplitude tailoring, phase modulation, and radiation beam steering with the spintronic THz emitters and their derivatives can yield more compact and elegant devices. Here, we demonstrate a monolithic metamaterial integrated onto a W/CoFeB/Pt THz nanoemitter for a purpose-designed functionality of the electromagnetically induced transparency analog. Through elaborate engineering the asymmetry degree and geometric parameters of the metamaterial structure, we successfully verified the feasibility of monolithic modulations for the radiated THz waves. The integrated device was eventually compared with a set of stand-alone metamaterial positioning scenarios, and the negligible frequency difference between two of the positioning schemes further manifests almost an ideal realization of the proposed monolithic integrated metamaterial device with a spintronic THz emitter. We believe that such adaptable and scalable devices may make valuable contributions to the designable spintronic THz devices with pre-shaping THz waves and enable chip-scale spintronic THz optics, sensing, and imaging.
Efficient electron injection by hybrid parametric instability and forward direct laser acceleration in subcritical plasma
Authors: Tsymbalov I , Gorlova D , Ivanov K , Shulyapov S , Prokudin V , Zavorotny A , Volkov R , Bychenkov V , Nedorezov V , Savel’ev A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The efficient injection of electrons into a propagating relativistic laser pulse with normalized vector potential a
0 ∼ 2 is demonstrated numerically and experimentally in a thin plasma layer with density 0.15–0.3 of the critical value. The injection is due to the wavebreaking of parametric plasma waves. The trapped particles gain multi-MeV (up to 20 MeV) energies by the direct laser acceleration in the plasma channel formed by the laser pulse in the lower density plasma tail. Numerical calculations were supported by experiments with micron-scale films pre-evaporated by an additional nanosecond laser pulse and a TW femtosecond laser facility. The experimentally observed bunch of electrons with energy above 1.6 MeV had a divergence of ∼0.05 rad and charge of ∼50 pC measured with photoneutron Be(g,n) reaction.
4D printing and collaborative design of highly flexible shape memory alloy structures: a case study for a metallic robot prototype
Authors: Yao Tao , Wang Yongquan , Zhu Botao , Wei Dong , Yang Yang , Han Xiaoxiao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper investigates the entire process of 4D printing of shape memory alloys (SMAs), characterized by pre-programming of the future responsive shape of a deformable structure during its 3D forming. Taking an inchworm-inspired crawling robot as an application case, we propose a system prototype composed of two deformable SMA structures, i.e. a curved sheet and a spring coil. From the behavioral synergism of these two antagonistically configured structures, the initial and responsive shapes of each binary structure were collaboratively designed. The feature shapes of different structures were then pairwise combined to generate the robot’s gait, which was realized through the alternating activations of the two components. We also investigated the processing strategy and methods of the presented structures with small feature sizes and unique configurations, based on the optimal 3D printing process of selective laser melting of nickel–titanium alloys. The experimental results verified the design expectations and demonstrated the performance stability of the SMA structures under multiple testing cycles. This research confirmed the possible use of hard materials to create customized smart structures with high levels of flexibility and deformation control, providing new ideas for further development of intelligent, flexible robots.
Modelling ageing phenomenon in ferroelectrics via a Landau-type phenomenological model
Authors: He Xuan , Du Haoyuan , Wang Dan , Wang Linxiang , Melnik Roderick 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the current paper, the ageing and de-ageing phenomena in ferroelectric ceramics are modelled by a Landau-type model based on the internal bias field theory. A new phenomenological term for the internal bias electrical field is added into the free energy function to simulate the phenomenon of lattice symmetry during the ageing phenomenon. The simulations for both ageing and de-ageing phenomena are successfully presented in the current paper. The hysteretic behaviours of the ageing and de-ageing phenomena are captured very well by the proposed model.
Single input magnetorheological pseudo negative stiffness control for bridge stay cables
Authors: Xu Yan-Wei , Xu Zhao-Dong , Guo Ying-Qing , Huang Xing-Huai , Zhang Jie , Zhao Yu-Liang , Yang Yang , Zhu Chen , Zhou Min 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The bridge stay cable, one of the most critical components in cable-stayed bridges, is vulnerable to vibrations owing to its low inherent damping capacity. Thus effective vibration control technology for bridge stay cables is extremely critical to safe operations of cable-stayed bridges. Several countermeasures have been presented and/or implemented to mitigate this vibration; however the passive method can only add a small amount of damping to the cables, excessive energy demand of active control devices severely limits its practicality, the semi-active control methods still have the drawbacks of complex state estimation module and a large amount of control algorithm calculation. This paper proposes a practical magnetorheological pseudo negative stiffness (MR-PNS) control system coupled with control strategy for bridge stay cables. The current reference point is introduced in the dynamic modeling of the MR-PNS control system to characterize the current control strategy. This paper investigates the adjustable of MR-PNS control system performance and energy consumption caused by different current strategies. Taking the vibration control of the Nanjing Second Yangtze River Bridge J20 cable as an example, the simulation results highlight the advantages of the MR-PNS control system that the failure area is small, the quasi-optimal area is wide, and it can still keep sort of vibration damping performance in the degenerate area. The model cable vibration control test proves the feasibility and efficiency of the single input MR-PNS bridge stay cables control method.
2020 roadmap on plasma accelerators
Authors: Albert Félicie , Couprie M E , Debus Alexander , Downer Mike C , Faure Jérôme , Flacco Alessandro , Gizzi Leonida A , Grismayer Thomas , Huebl Axel , Joshi Chan , Labat M , Leemans Wim P , Maier Andreas R , Mangles Stuart P D , Mason Paul , Mathieu François , Muggli Patric , Nishiuchi Mamiko , Osterhoff Jens , Rajeev P P , Schramm Ulrich , Schreiber Jörg , Thomas Alec G R , Vay Jean-Luc , Vranic Marija , Zeil Karl 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Plasma-based accelerators use the strong electromagnetic fields that can be supported by plasmas to accelerate charged particles to high energies. Accelerating field structures in plasma can be generated by powerful laser pulses or charged particle beams. This research field has recently transitioned from involving a few small-scale efforts to the development of national and international networks of scientists supported by substantial investment in large-scale research infrastructure. In this New Journal of Physics 2020 Plasma Accelerator Roadmap, perspectives from experts in this field provide a summary overview of the field and insights into the research needs and developments for an international audience of scientists, including graduate students and researchers entering the field.
Effective elastic wave characteristics of composite media
Authors: Kim J , Torquato S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We derive exact expressions for effective elastodynamic properties of two-phase composites in the long-wavelength (quasistatic) regime via homogenized constitutive relations that are local in space. This is accomplished by extending the ‘strong-contrast’ expansion formalism that was previously applied to the static problem. These strong-contrast expansions explicitly incorporate complete microstructural information of the composite via an infinite set of n-point correlation functions. Utilizing the rapid-convergence properties of these series expansions (even for extreme contrast ratios), we extract accurate approximations that depend on the microstructure via the spectral density, which is easy to compute or measure for any composite. We also investigate the predictive power of modifications of such approximation formulas postulated elsewhere (Kim and Torquato 2020 Proc. Natl Acad. Sci.
117 8764) to extend their applicability beyond the quasistatic regime. The accuracy of these nonlocal microstructure-dependent approximations is validated by comparison to full-waveform simulation results for certain models of dispersions. We apply our formulas to a variety of models of nonhyperuniform and hyperuniform disordered composites. We demonstrate that hyperuniform systems are less lossy than their nonhyperuniform counterparts in the quasistatic regime, and stealthy hyperuniform media can be perfectly transparent for a wide range of wavenumbers. Finally, we discuss how to utilize our approximations for engineering composites with prescribed elastic wave characteristics.
Coupling between rotational and translational motions of a vibrated polygonal disk
Authors: Völkel Simeon , Huang Kai 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We investigate experimentally the dynamics of a single polygonal disk (regular n-gon with 3 ⩽ n ⩽ 8) confined in a closed container under vertical vibrations against gravity. The disks tend to precess continuously upon vibrations, transferring mechanical energy into rotational and lateral translational degrees of freedom (DoF). An analysis of the velocity distribution functions in both DoF suggests that the mobility in both DoF are coupled with each other, exhibiting a characteristic angular velocity that depends on confinement and disk shape. The characteristic angular velocity can be captured with an analytical model considering sustainable precession due to continuous driving. Depending on confinement, translational and rotational kinetic energy fluctuations within one vibration cycle can be synchronized with each other and there exists a regime where injected energy is equally distributed in different DoF. Depending on n, the tendency for the disk to precess varies and there exists a regime (n ⩽ 6) where persistent rotation of the disk rarely lasts longer than one vibration period. Our results suggest the possibility of tuning energy injection into different DoF in vibrated granular disk mono-layers via shape design and confinement.
Time-dependent power-law nanofluid with entropy generation
Authors: Ahmad Salman , Ullah Habib , Hayat T , Alhodaly Mohammed Sh 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This work studies the time-dependent convective flow of non-Newtonian power-law fluid by vertical plate. Fluid flow is studied in the presence of thermal radiation. The Buongiorno model is employed to describe the features of nanofluid. Entropy generation and Bejan number are calculated. The flow, temperature and concentration are given by the system of partial differential equations (PDE’s). The system of PDE’s is transformed into dimensionless form by transformation and then solve implementing finite difference technique. Special emphasis is given to the outcomes of Prandtl number, Reynolds number, Eckert number, radiation parameter, thermophoresis, Brownian parameter, and Schmidt number. Velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction, Sherwood and Nusselt numbers are graphically analyzed. Graphical results show that velocity of fluid enhanced for high Grashof number while shows opposite behavior for Reynold number. For the high estimation of the thermophoresis parameter and Brownian motion parameter temperature and concentration increase. For the higher value of the radiation parameter, the irreversibility of fluid particles increases while the Bejan number decreases.
Systematic study of α decay half-lives within the Generalized Liquid Drop Model with various versions of proximity energies *
Authors: Deng Jun-Gang , Zhang Hong-Fei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
It is universally acknowledged that the Generalized Liquid Drop Model (GLDM) has two advantages over other α decay theoretical models: introduction of the quasimolecular shape mechanism and proximity energy. In the past few decades, the original proximity energy has been improved by numerous works. In the present work, the different improvements of proximity energy are examined when they are applied to the GLDM for enhancing the calculation accuracy and prediction ability of α decay half-lives for known and unsynthesized superheavy nuclei. The calculations of α half-lives have systematic improvements in reproducing experimental data after choosing a more suitable proximity energy for application to the GLDM. Encouraged by this, the α decay half-lives of even-even superheavy nuclei with Z=112-122 are predicted by the GLDM with a more suitable proximity energy. The predictions are consistent with calculations by the improved Royer formula and the universal decay law. In addition, the features of the predicted α decay half-lives imply that the next double magic nucleus after 208Pb is 298Fl.
Energy flows in polychromatic fields
Authors: Mokhun Igor , Bodyanchuk Igor , Galushko Kateryna , Galushko Yuriy , Val Oleksandr , Viktorovskaya Yuliia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article discusses the mechanisms of forming instant and averaged Poynting vectors in a wave constructed as a superposition of waves with different frequencies. The value of the angular momentum of the field arising as a result of such a superposition is analyzed. It is shown that the averaging time is a determining factor when a polychromatic (formed by waves with different frequencies) optical wave has effects on another physical system. In such a situation, the formation of the transverse component of the Poynting vector, the magnitude of the angular momentum, directly depends on the intermodulation component of the resulting field. The mechanisms of the formation of a time-averaged Poynting vector in polychromatic fields and the influence of coherent wave characteristics on the structure and magnitude of energy flows are considered. The nature of the formation of energy flows depends on the spatial structure of a polychromatic wave. When the field has some symmetry and this requirement is satisfied for all spectral components, the energy fluxes, and the resulting angular momentum of the field can correspond in magnitude to similar characteristics of the coherent field. In other words, the coherent characteristics of the beam do not affect the value of the resulting parameters. Experimental data and computer simulation data are presented.
Quantum droplets of quasi-one-dimensional dipolar Bose–Einstein condensates
Authors: Edmonds Matthew , Bland Thomas , Parker Nick 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Ultracold dipolar droplets have been realized in a series of ground-breaking experiments, where the stability of the droplet state is attributed to beyond-mean-field effects in the form of the celebrated Lee-Huang-Yang (LHY) correction. We scrutinize the dipolar droplet states in a one-dimensional context using a combination of analytical and numerical approaches, and identify experimentally viable parameters for accessing our findings for future experiments. In particular we identify regimes of stability in the restricted geometry, finding multiple roton instabilities as well as regions supporting quasi-one-dimensional droplet states. By applying an interaction quench to the droplet, a modulational instability is induced and multiple droplets are produced, along with bright solitons and atomic radiation. We also assess the droplets robustness to collisions, revealing population transfer and droplet fission.
Experimental study on Titanium diamond by fabricating micro-holes using Micro-EDM with Taguchi’s method and response surface method
Authors: Sahoo Rajesh , Kar Siddhartha , Patowari Promod Kumar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Titanium alloys are very hard to machine materials, which can be machined effectively by using advanced manufacturing processes. Electro discharge machining (EDM) process is one of the most efficient methods of machining electrically conductive materials. EDM is focused more on the precision and accuracy of the machined parts. This particular work focuses on the machinability study of titanium diamond using micro-EDM. Input parameters such as voltage, capacitance, feed rate and tool rotation speed (TRS) are varied and their effects are analyzed by evaluating responses such as material removal rate (MRR), machining time (MT), overcut (OC) and circularity error (CE). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the material is also conducted to observe the material phases and elements. The observed responses are simultaneously optimized by formulating overall evaluation criteria (OEC) for generating the optimal value of process parameters. Further, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) provides the influence of input parameters on each output response. The variation of different response measures with respect to input parameters is shown through 3D response surface plots. It is observed in micro EDM that the MT decreases with the increase in voltage, capacitance, feed rate and TRS, whereas MRR and OC increase with an increase in voltage and capacitance. In the case of CE, it decreases with the increase in voltage and it increases with the increase in capacitance.
Application of variational mode decomposition based on particle swarm optimization in pipeline leak detection
Authors: Wang Dongmei , Zhu Lijuan , Yue Jikang , Lu Jingyi , Li Dingwen , Li Gongfa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Denoising of pipeline leak signals is of great significance to improve the accuracy of pipeline leak detection. Variational mode decomposition (VMD) has the function of signal denoising. However, the inaccurate setting of VMD parameters will affect the result of signal decomposition. This paper proposes a method for optimizing VMD parameters using particle swarm optimization (PSO-VMD). The ratio of the mean and variance of permutation entropy is used as the fitness function of the particle swarm optimization algorithm to search for the optimal number of signal decomposition layers K and penalty factors α. The signal is decomposed using the VMD with the best parameters. Finally, permutation entropy (PE) is used to select the intrinsic modal functions (IMFs) which contains signal characteristics, and these IMFs are used for reconstruction, so as to complete the pipeline signal denoising and leak detection. Experiments show that, compared with the other three denoising methods, the SNR of pipeline signal denoised by the proposed method is increased by 2.1127 on average, MSE and MAE are reduced by 0.000 35 and 0.0043 respectively, and the recognition accuracy of SVM is improved. 5.5%. Therefore, the proposed method has better denoising performance and higher leak detection rate.
Digit Preference in Office Blood Pressure Measurements, United States 2015–2019
Authors: Foti Kathryn E , Appel Lawrence J , Matsushita Kunihiro , Coresh Josef , Alexander G Caleb , Selvin Elizabeth 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Blood pressure (BP) measurement error may lead to under- or overtreatment of hypertension. One common source of error is terminal digit preference, most often a terminal digit of “0.” The objective was to evaluate national trends in terminal digit preference in office BP measurements among adults with treated hypertension.

METHODS
Data were from IQVIA’s National Disease and Therapeutic Index, a nationally representative, serial cross-sectional survey of office-based physicians. The analysis included office visits from 2015 to 2019 among adults aged ≥18 years receiving antihypertensive treatment. Annual trends were examined in the percent of systolic and diastolic BP measurements ending in zero by patient sex, age, and race/ethnicity, physician specialty, and first or subsequent hypertension treatment visit.

RESULTS
From 2015 to 2019, there were ~60 million hypertension treatment visits annually (unweighted N: 5,585–9,085). There was a decrease in the percent of visits with systolic (41.7%–37.7%) or diastolic (42.7%–37.8%) BP recordings ending in zero. Trends were similar by patient characteristics. However, a greater proportion of measurements ended in zero among patients aged ≥80 (vs. 15–59 or 60–79) years, first (vs. subsequent) treatment visits, visits to cardiologists (vs. primary care physicians), and visits with systolic BP ≥140 or diastolic BP ≥90 (vs. &lt;140/90) mm Hg.

CONCLUSIONS
Despite modest improvement, terminal digit preference remains a common problem in office BP measurement in the United States. Without bias, 10%–20% of measurements are expected to end in zero. Reducing digit preference is a priority for improving BP measurement accuracy and hypertension management.