bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The inflammatory potential of diet impacts the association between air pollution and childhood asthma
Authors: de Castro Mendes Francisca , Paciência Inês , Cavaleiro Rufo João , Silva Diana , Cunha Pedro , Farraia Mariana , Delgado Luís , Garcia‐Larsen Vanessa , Severo Milton , Moreira André , Moreira Pedro 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundInhalation of fine particulate matter (PM) can cause systematic inflammation and oxidative stress, which may further aggravate the development and progression of asthma. Although nutritional intake of fatty acids and antioxidants may attenuate some effects of fine PM, the role of the inflammatory potential of diet has not been addressed. Therefore, we aimed to investigate possible modulatory effects of dietary inflammatory potential on the association between indoor air pollution and childhood asthma–related outcomes.MethodsIn a sample of 501 children (48.1% females, aged 7‐12 years) from 20 public schools located in Porto, Portugal, we evaluated airway reversibility, exhaled nitric oxide levels, atopy, and current respiratory symptoms. Dietary inflammatory index was calculated based on information collected through a reported 24‐hour recall questionnaire, and participants were categorized as having an anti‐inflammatory or pro‐inflammatory diet. Concentrations of indoor PM2.5 and PM10 were measured to assess indoor air quality. Generalized linear mixed models were used to investigate the proportion of effects explained by the exposure to PM2.5 and PM10.ResultsAfter adjustment, the exposure effect of PM2.5 and PM10 levels on children with asthma was higher for those having a pro‐inflammatory diet (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.01‐2.21; and OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.03‐1.68, respectively) compared to those having an anti‐inflammatory diet.ConclusionThese findings suggest that the quality of diet might affect the association between indoor pollution and asthma in children, highlighting the relevance of children's diet as a potential protective factor to pollutant exposure in childhood asthma.
A fatal case of bortezomib‐induced lung toxicity in a young adult heart transplant recipient
Authors: Frandsen Erik L. , Otero Jessica , Rutledge Joe C. , Kemna Mariska S. , Albers Erin L. , Hong Borah J. , Law Yuk M. , Friedland‐Little Joshua M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBortezomib is approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma but increasingly used in heart transplant (HTx) recipients with antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR). Severe pulmonary toxicity is a rare complication in multiple myeloma patients treated with bortezomib, but has not been described in a solid organ transplant recipient. A 20‐year‐old man 7 years post‐HTx presented with acute rejection with hemodynamic compromise. Endomyocardial biopsy showed mixed rejection (ISHLT grade 2R‐3R acute cellular rejection (ACR) and pAMR 1 (I+) with diffuse C4d staining). Two new high MFI circulating MHC class‐II donor‐specific antibodies (DSA) were detected. Treatment included corticosteroids, antithymocyte globulin, plasmapheresis, IVIG, rituximab, and bortezomib (1.3 mg/m2). Due to rebound in DSA, a second course of bortezomib was started. Thrombocytopenia and peripheral neuropathy prompted a 50% dose reduction during the 2nd course. Shortly after the 3rd reduced dose, the patient developed hypoxemic respiratory failure. Bronchoscopy revealed pulmonary hemorrhage with negative infectious studies. Chest CT showed bilateral parenchymal disease with bronchiectasis and alveolar bleeding. Despite treatment with high‐dose steroids, severe ARDS ensued with multisystem organ failure. The patient expired 23 days after the final dose of bortezomib. Post‐mortem lung histology revealed diffuse alveolar damage, pulmonary fibrosis, and hemorrhage. Cardiac histology showed resolving/residual ACR 1R and pAMR 1 (I+). While rare, bortezomib‐induced lung toxicity (BILT) can occur in HTx recipients and can carry a high risk of mortality. Drug reaction and immediate drug withdrawal should be considered in patients who develop respiratory symptoms, though optimal management of BILT is unclear.
“Pleasure and Joy in the Work”: Using Simone Weil in the Classroom
Authors: Morgan Vance G. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRichard Rorty once wrote that inspired teaching “is the result of an encounter with an author, character, plot, stanza, line or archaic torso which has made a difference to the [teacher’s] conception of who she is, what she is good for, what she wants to do with herself: an encounter which has rearranged her priorities and purposes.” In a teaching career more than three decades long, no author has influenced me more profoundly as a teacher and as a human being than Simone Weil. She has changed how I think about myself, my relationships, the world around me and ultimately about what transcends me. And this could not help but change how I am in the classroom. This essay is a reflection on how Simone Weil has changed my life, both in and out of the classroom.
“Dental Stem Cells”: Awareness, knowledge, and attitude of dental professionals—A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Goswami Mridula , Kumar Gyanendra , Sharma Sadhna 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimThe present study was conducted with an aim to assess the awareness about existence of dental stem cells among dental professionals.Materials and MethodsA total sample size of 100 dental professionals in the age group of 22‐32 years, comprising of 28 interns, 46 postgraduate students, and 26 senior residents from various specialties was selected. A self‐administered, hand‐delivered, 10‐point questionnaire was used to assess the awareness, knowledge, and attitude of dental professionals towards dental stem cells. Results were documented and statistically analyzed using chi‐square test.ResultsA total of 72% dental professionals were aware about dental stem cells with dental curriculum books being the main source of information. Note that 81% of positive respondents were aware about the different types and a total of 28% were aware about the procedure to procure dental stem cells. Only 33.3% of positive respondents were aware about existence of dental stem cell banks in India.ConclusionA high level of awareness about dental stem cells and its applications was noted during the course of this study. A significant association of age and type of practice with awareness of dental stem cells and knowledge regarding their use in developing nondental tissues was observed. A positive attitude towards recommending dental stem cell banking was seen.
Young immigrants in Norway: The role of national and ethnic identity in immigrants’ integration
Authors: Martiny Sarah E. , Froehlich Laura , Soltanpanah Jilwan , Haugen Maria S. 
Published: December 2019

The present work investigates the endorsement, antecedents, relationships, and consequences of young immigrants’ social identities in Norway. Despite increasing numbers of refugees and immigrants entering Norway in recent years, little is known about the relationship between immigrants’ different social identities and their feeling of integration into Norwegian society. The main goal of the present research is to fill this gap by investigating whether relationships found in other European countries replicate in the Norwegian context. In line with theoretical considerations and earlier international findings, results from two studies with different immigrant groups (Study 1: high school students; N = 97; Study 2: university students; N = 93) show that the more young immigrants in Norway endorse their national (i.e., Norwegian) identity, the less they endorse their ethnic identity (e.g., Kurdish). We further show that perceived conflict between the two cultures cannot explain the negative relationship between national and ethnic identity. In addition, immigrants’ national identity endorsement is positively related to their dual identity endorsement (e.g., Kurdish‐Norwegian). Positive contact with members of the receiving society predicts young immigrants’ feeling of being integrated in Norwegian society and this relationship is mediated by national identity. Results are discussed in terms of the crucial role social identities play in immigrants’ feeling of integration into European societies.
Laparoscopic repositioning of an obstructed ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter with laparoscopy‐assisted partial omentectomy and omentopexy
Authors: Brückner Michael 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the use of laparoscopy for repositioning of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) catheter.Study designCase report.AnimalOne 11‐month‐old male cairn terrier weighing 5.5 kg.MethodsThe dog had placement of a VPS system for primary hydrocephalus at 4 months of age. Poor functioning of the shunt system was suspected because of deteriorating neurological signs. A contrast study of the VPS system provided evidence of a distal shunt obstruction, and repeated brain computed tomography (CT) was consistent with persistent hydrocephalus.ResultsLaparoscopy was used to free the abdominal catheter of the shunt system and perform a partial omentectomy and omentopexy of the remaining omentum. Concurrently, the dog was sterilized. Recovery was routine, and follow‐up CT 1 year after repositioning revealed that the hydrocephalus had substantially improved. Results of a contrast study of the VPS system also provided evidence that it was functional.ConclusionVentriculoperitoneal shunt systems are placed in dogs with primary and secondary hydrocephalus, and complications are quite common, including obstruction, bleeding, infection, and overshunting or undershunting. This is the first published clinical case report in which the repositioning of a VPS catheter with partial omentectomy and omentopexy in a dog are described.Clinical significanceFuture studies may be performed to determine whether laparoscopy can be considered as a treatment to assist with safe placement of VPS systems, avoiding misplacement of the shunt system and iatrogenic damage to the viscera and vessels.
Fibrin supports subcutaneous neonatal porcine islet transplantation without the need for pre‐vascularization
Authors: Salama Bassem F. , Seeberger Karen L. , Korbutt Gregory S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundNeonatal porcine islets (NPIs) are a promising tissue source for clinical islet xenotransplantation. To facilitate graft monitoring and recovery if needed, an extra‐hepatic transplant site would be optimal. In addition, islet transplantation into the portal vein has been associated with life‐threatening intraperitoneal bleeding, portal vein thrombosis, hepatic steatosis, and loss of islet graft function. Although it is hypoxic, the subcutaneous space is a potential extra‐hepatic location for clinical islet transplantation. In this study, we explore the benefits of fibrin scaffolds in enhancing the engraftment and long‐term function of NPI grafts in this ectopic site.MethodsDiabetic immune‐compromised mice were transplanted with 5000 NPIs under the kidney capsule (KC), and subcutaneously with or without fibrin (SC + F, SC, respectively). All mice were monitored for reversal of hyperglycemia and long‐term metabolic function.ResultsAll mice transplanted with NPI under the KC or SC + F (12/12 and 17/17, respectively) achieved normal fasting blood glucose levels between 5 and 22 weeks post‐transplantation and displayed normal glucose tolerance during an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. In contrast, NPIs transplanted SC with no fibrin (n = 7) failed to obtain normoglycemia.ConclusionFibrin matrix facilitates engraftment of NPIs in the subcutaneous site of diabetic mice. These data support further investigation of the subcutaneous site for clinical islet xenotransplantation.
The Energy of Cayley Graphs for a Generating Subset of the Dihedral Groups
Authors: Ahmad Fadzil Amira Fadina , Sarmin Nor Haniza , Erfanian Ahmad 
Published: December 2019

Let G be a finite group and S be a subset of G where S does not include the identity of G and is inverse closed. A Cayley graph of a group G with respect to the subset S is a graph where its vertices are the elements of G and two vertices a and b are connected if ab^(−1) is in the subset S. The energy of a Cayley graph is the sum of all absolute values of the eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix. In this paper, we consider a specific subset S = {b, ab, . . . , a^(n−1)b} for dihedral group of order 2n, where n is greater or equal to 3 and find the Cayley graph with respect to the set. We also calculate the eigenvalues and compute the energy of the respected Cayley graphs. Finally, the generalization of the energy of the respected Cayley graphs is found.
INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF SAMPLING POINT DISTANCE ON IKPOBA RIVER WATER QUALITY USING LEAST SQUARE REGRESSION MODEL
Authors: Okonofua Ehizonomhen Solomon , Nwadialo Ifeanyi Benjamin , Lasisi Kayode Hassan 
Published: December 2019

In this study, the sampling point distance as it affects Ikpoba River water quality was examined in order to ascertain the quality of the river before and after waste discharge. Water samples were taken from eight (8) different locations (at distance 750 m, at 150 m interval); covering the locations of wastewater release, upstream and downstream points. Samples were taken from the river for analysis twice every month in March, May and July, 2014. Samples were analyzed for pH, Electrical conductivity, Ca, colour, turbidity etc; using WHO standard methods for water quality tests. Results obtained showed that the Water Quality Index of the river water was poor at discharge point but improved as the sampling distance increased. The month of March had the worst Water Quality Index value of -5429792.89 at STN1, distance 0 m while the best WQI was in May (-457153.58) STN8 at 750 m. The model equations explaining the correlation between the computed WQI and sampling station distance are: Y = -4.112E6 + 1836.272X (March), Y = -1.848E6 + 2184.649X (May) and Y =-2.185E6 + 678.695X (July) respectively. One-way analysis of variance result (ANOVA) at 95% confidence interval revealed that there is a strong relationship between sampling distance and WQI for months of May and July except March. The study revealed that there is a correlation between sampling distance and water quality and hence recommends adequate effluent treatment before disposal. Also, waste disposal into the stream should be done at considerable distance from downstream users.
Approximate Limit Cycles for Vortex-Induced Vibration of a Sprung Cylinder
Authors: Zhang Guoqi , Wu Zhiqiang , Wang Yuancen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe homotopy analysis method (HAM) is an analytical approximate method to solve nonlinear problems, which is employed to give series solutions of a sprung cylinder's vortex-induced vibration. The wake flow is modeled by a classical van der Pol oscillation coupled with a cylinder by an acceleration term. The frequency and initial conditions of all possible limit cycles are obtained as Maclaurin series of an embedding parameter. A series of algebraic equations for eliminating secular terms are derived and solved to obtain the priori unknown coefficients, such as the initial conditions and frequency. The validity and efficiency of the HAM are conducted by numerical integration solutions and the harmonic balance method (HBM). The influence of fluid velocity on the frequencies and amplitudes of the limit cycles are obtained very accurately compared with numerical ones.
Investigating Mode Localization at Lower- and Higher-Order Modes in Mechanically Coupled MEMS Resonators
Authors: Ouakad Hassen M. , Ilyas Saad , Younis Mohammad I. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMode localization is investigated in a weakly mechanically coupled system. The system comprises of two doubly clamped microbeams mechanically linked with a coupling beam close to the anchors. The phenomenon is explored among the first three vibration modes pairs, each consisting of an in-phase and out-of-phase mode. A distributed-parameter model accounting for the two mechanically coupled resonators, the coupling beam, and their geometric and electric nonlinearities are derived using the extended Hamilton's principle. A reduced-order model is then derived from the Lagrangian of the equations. An eigenvalue analysis is performed under different side electrode bias scenarios. The voltage bias impact on the natural frequencies of the pairs of modes is investigated. Veering among the various modes is observed and studied as varying the bias conditions. It is demonstrated that the veering zones can be greatly affected, tuned, and shifted by the biasing voltages. Finally, forced vibration analysis is performed. It is observed that the choice of the resonator to be excited, perturbed, and its response to be monitored is very important to fully understand and utilize the localization phenomenon for practical applications. Further, it is observed that very weak coupling is required to activate mode localization in higher-order modes. The reported selective localization and activation and deactivation of higher-order modes can be potentially useful for various applications, such as parallel mechanical computing, and for ultra-sensitive in high-frequency environments.
The Effect of Metal Foam Thickness on Jet Array Impingement Heat Transfer in High-Porosity Aluminum Foams
Authors: Singh Prashant , Nithyanandam Karthik , Zhang Mingyang , Mahajan Roop L. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
High-porosity metal foam (MF) is a popular option for high-performance heat exchangers as it offers significantly higher heat transfer participation area per unit volume compared to other convection enhancement cooling methods. Further, metal foams provide highly tortuous flow paths resulting in thermal dispersion assisted by enhanced mixing. This paper presents experimental and numerical studies and the detailed underlying physics of jet array impingement onto high-porosity (ε∼0.95) thin aluminum foams. The jet and foam configurations were designed for the maximum utilization of the foam area for heat transfer and reduced penalty on the pumping power requirement. Three different pore density foams were tested with three different array-jet impingement configurations. The minimum possible thickness for each pore density was tested, viz., 5 pores-per-inch (PPI): 19 mm, 10 PPI: 12.7 mm, and 20 PPI: 6.35 mm. The baseline case for these foam-based jet impingement configurations was the corresponding configuration of orthogonal jet impingement onto a smooth heated surface, where the distance between the jet-issuing plane and the heated surface was maintained at the foam thickness level. In general, thinner foams facilitated greater jet penetration and increased foam volume usage, resulting in higher heat transfer rates for a given pore density, especially when combined with jet configurations with larger open areas. Finally, we evaluated the thermal hydraulic performance for different foam configurations and the optimum value of a given PPI was found to be at an intermediate rather than the lowest foam thickness.
Study of Magnetic Field Effects on the Oxygen Transfer in Liquid Lead Cavity Flow Using the Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Pouryazdanpanah Kermani Emad , Chen Yitung 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Natural convection and oxygen transfer characteristics in square cavity subjected to the magnetic field are studied numerically. Oxygen transfer in liquid metals has attracted much attention because it can decrease the corrosion rate of steel in contact with liquid metals. In advanced reactors, liquid lead has been utilized as an effective coolant. As indicated by many research reports that corrosion could be decreased by controlling the proper level of oxygen in the liquid lead. In this method, oxygen needs to mix in liquid lead homogenously and rapidly to produce a protective oxide layer. In this study, the impact of the magnetic force on oxygen transfer in a rectangular container is studied using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). Three different Schmidt numbers (Sc) and Hartmann numbers (Ha) have been simulated in this study. Some useful results are obtained such as an adverse effect was found that heat/mass transfer rates are decreased when Ha number is increased. In addition, the existence of an applied magnetic field has caused a significant increase in the required time to reach desired oxygen concentration and needs to be controlled in operation to have a faster distribution of the oxygen in the domain.
Application of Tabulated Detailed Chemistry to LES Model of Diesel ICE Combustion
Authors: Vitek Oldrich , Dolecek Vit , Goryntsev Dmitry , Tap Ferry , Pavlovic Zoran , Priesching Peter 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The use of 3-D CFD combustion models based on tabulated chemistry is becoming increasingly popular. Especially the runtime benefit is attractive, as the tabulated chemistry method allows including state-of-the-art chemical reaction schemes in CFD simulations without significant penalties in terms of computational time. In this work, the Tabkin FGM combustion model in AVL FIRE is used to perform LES simulations of a diesel ICE (AVL SCRE). Four load conditions are investigated with three different fuel surrogates. Predicted data are compared with reference ones (measurements or data from calibrated 0-D/1-D model) while discussing differences between them. CPU benefits are quantified. The main conclusion is that such CFD model has high predictive ability while requiring low calibration effort and being relatively fast, hence it is an interesting alternative to RANS-based industrial applications.
Investigation Into Reactivity Separation Between Direct Injected and Premixed Fuels in RCCI Combustion Mode
Authors: Yan Ziming , Gainey Brian , Hariharan Deivanayagam , Lawler Benjamin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This experimental study focuses on the effects of the reactivity separation between the port injected fuel and the direct injection fuel, the amount of external-cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and the direct injection timing of the high reactivity fuel on Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) combustion. The experiments were conducted on a light-duty, single-cylinder diesel engine with a production GM/Isuzu engine head and piston and a retrofitted port fuel injection system. The global charge-mass equivalence ratio, ϕ′, was fixed at 0.32 throughout all of the experiments. To investigate the effects of the fuel reactivity separation, different Primary Reference Fuels (PRF) were port injected, with the PRF number varying from 50 to 90. To investigate the effects of EGR, an EGR range of 0 to 55% was used. To investigate the effects of the injection timing, an injection timing window of −65 to −45 degrees ATDC was chosen.
The results indicate that there are several tradeoffs. First, decreasing the port injected fuel reactivity (increasing the PRF number) delays combustion phasing, decreases the combustion efficiency by up to 9%, increases the gross indicated thermal efficiency up to 22%, enhances the combustion sensitivity to the direct injection timing, and slightly increases the UHC, CO, and NOx emissions. Second, increasing the EGR percentage delays combustion phasing, lowers the peak heat release rate, and lowers the NOx emissions. The combustion efficiency first increases and then decreases with EGR percentage for high reactivity fuels (low PRF number), but only decreases for low reactivity fuels. Finally, delaying the injection timing advances combustion phasing and increases the combustion efficiency, but decreases the gross indicated thermal efficiency and increases the NOx emissions. Across all of the experiments, delays in CA50 increase the gross indicated thermal efficiency and decrease the combustion efficiency, which represents an inherent tradeoff for RCCI combustion on a light-duty engine.