bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seminal Vesicle Urinary Reflux After TURP Mimicking Vesicular Invasion From Prostate Cancer on 18F-Choline PET/CT
Authors: Sollaku Saadi , Casciani Emanuele , De Angelis Cristina , Frantellizzi Viviana , Gualdi Gianfranco 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Seminal vesicles are paired secretory glands located posterior to the bladder in men that produce seminal fluid to maintain sperm. Seminal vesicle reflux into the prostatic ducts may be associated with prostatitis in older patients or may represent a very rare complication of transurethral prostate resection in patients with prostatic cancer. This condition is frequently accidentally diagnosed on excretory urography and/or retrograde urethrogram. Clinical presentation includes pain, fever, recurrent epididymitis-prostatitis, and post void dribbling.
Comparison Between Human Amniotic/Chorionic Membrane and Cryopreserved Allografts in the Treatment of Genital Burns
Authors: Puyana Salomon , Ruiz Samuel , Elkbuli Adel , Bernal Eileen , McKenney Mark , Young Elizabeth , Lim Rizal , Askari Morad , Mir Haaris 
Published: November 2020

Background
Genital burns have devastating effects on patient and have been classified by the American Burn Association as major burn injury. The management of these injuries continues to challenge reconstructive surgeons. Cryopreserved skin allografts have been successfully used to manage partial-thickness skin burns; however, dehydrated human amniotic/chorionic membrane (DHACM) represents novel technology. Dehydrated human amniotic/chorionic membrane outcomes have not been sufficiently studied to guide its use on genital burns. The objective of this study was to report on the outcomes of dehydrated amniotic membrane as a biologic skin dressing on genital burns injury compared with cryopreserved allografts.

Methods
Retrospective review of data collected from our institutional burn registry from 2012 to 2017. The study population included patients with partial-thickness genital burns admitted between 2012 and 2017 treated with either dehydrated human amniotic/chorionic membrane or cryopreserved allografts. Demographic characteristics and outcome measures were compared between the 2 groups.

Results
Thirty patients with genital burns who received DHACM skin and cryopreserved allografts were included in the analysis. The mean age for the DHACM group was 27.6 years compared with 33.5 years for the cryopreserved group. The mean total body surface area was 3.8% in the DHACM group compared with 7.2% in the cryopreserved group (P = non-significant (ns)). The mean injury severity score was not significantly different between groups. Patients receiving cadaveric allografts had a higher number of skin substitute surgical reapplications as compared with the DHACM group (28% vs 0%, P ≤ 0.05). All patients who received DHACM skin substitutes healed by 2 weeks postoperative compared with 76% of patients who received cryopreserved skin allografts (P = 0.03, χ2).

Conclusions
Dehydrated amniotic membrane skin substitutes are a safe alternative in the treatment of genital burns. Its use achieves comparable benefits with no major significant difference in terms of complication, supporting the safety of amniotic membrane to treat genital burns.
Age- and Sex-Related Morphometric Changes and Asymmetry in the Orbito-Zygomatic Region
Authors: Erdoğan Kübra , Tatlisumak Ertuğrul , Ovali Gülgün Yilmaz , Pabuşçu Yüksel , Tarhan Serdar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The aims of this study were to obtain cephalometric data of orbito-zygomatic skeleton using CT axial images and to determine the presence of sexual dimorphism, normal range of facial asymmetry, and the age-related changes.
This study used data from 315 CT scan series of skeletally normal subjects (159 males and 156 females) between the ages of 18 to 90. Two different levels of axial sections were used. In total, 11 measurements were performed and 5 of them were bilateral.
The mean values and standard deviations were calculated. Gender and age related changes and asymmetry degree were investigated.
Mean values of measurements except left medial orbital wall length, right and left medial orbital wall protrusion, right and left lateral orbital wall angle were significantly larger in males for all age groups. Majority of the measurements was formed by the individuals with larger right side. Similar tendencies were observed for craniofacial asymmetry in both sexes and in different age groups. There were no significant craniofacial asymmetries between age and gender groups in terms of the cephalometric measurements. Mid-interorbital distance had a negative correlation (r = –0.11 and P = 0.043) and interzygomatic buttress distance had a positive correlation (r = 0.15 and P = 0.005) with age.
Morphological properties such as sexual dimorphism, symmetry, age related changes are important parameters especially for plastic surgery discipline. The authors hope the data can be helpful in diagnosis and surgical treatment of craniofacial diseases, estimating the prognosis and preparation of the facial prosthesis.
Orbital Hypertelorism Correction With Inverted-U Osteotomy: Indications and Advantages
Authors: Huang Qinghua , Yang Bin , Li Binghang , Ma Hengyuan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to explore the clinical effects of inverted-U osteotomy in correcting orbital hypertelorism and to further explore its indications and advantages; 4 patients with orbital hypertelorism and premature closure of unilateral coronal suture underwent inverted-U osteotomy. The interorbital distance was measured using three-dimensional digital technology pre- and postoperatively. Virtual preoperative planning and three-dimensional cutting guide were used to minimize surgical risk and increase the precision of periorbital osteotomy. The procedure was successfully performed on 4 patients; the average orbital medial wall distance was reduced from 34.9 mm to 23.1 mm. Inverted-U osteotomy is a modified surgical method especially applicable to orbital hypertelorism with premature closure of unilateral coronal suture. Advantages include less surgical trauma, a shorter operative time, and better correction results.
Association of Premature Menopause With Risk of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in the Women’s Health Initiative
Authors: Chou Elizabeth L. , Pettinger Mary , Haring Bernhard , Allison Matthew A. , Mell Matthew W. , Hlatky Mark A. , Wactawski-Wende Jean , Wild Robert A. , Shadyab Aladdin H. , Wallace Robert B. , Snetselaar Linda G. , Madsen Tracy E. , Eagleton Matthew J. , Conrad Mark F. , Liu Simin 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
To determine if premature menopause and early menarche are associated with increased risk of AAA, and to explore potential effect modification by smoking history.

Summary of Background Data:
Despite worse outcomes for women with AAA, no studies have prospectively examined sex-specific risk factors, such as premature menopause and early menarche, with risk of AAA in a large, ethnically diverse cohort of women.

Methods:
This was a post-hoc analysis of Women’s Health Initiative participants who were beneficiaries of Medicare Parts A&B fee-for-service. AAA cases and interventions were identified from claims data. Follow-up period included Medicare coverage until death, end of follow-up or end of coverage inclusive of 2017.

Results:
Of 101,119 participants included in the analysis, the mean age was 63 years and median follow-up was 11.3 years. Just under 10,000 (9.4%) women experienced premature menopause and 22,240 (22%) experienced early men-arche. Women with premature menopause were more likely to be overweight, Black, have >20 pack years of smoking, history of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and early menarche. During 1,091,840 person-years of follow-up, 1125 women were diagnosed with AAA, 134 had premature menopause (11.9%), 93 underwent surgical intervention and 45 (48%) required intervention for ruptured AAA. Premature menopause was associated with increased risk of AAA [hazard ratio 1.37 (1.14, 1.66)], but the association was no longer significant after multivariable adjustment for demographics and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Amongst women with ≥20 pack year smoking history (n = 19,286), 2148 (11.1%) had premature menopause, which was associated with greater risk of AAA in all models [hazard ratio 1.63 (1.24, 2.23)]. Early menarche was not associated with increased risk of AAA.

Conclusions:
This study finds that premature menopause may be an important risk factor for AAA in women with significant smoking history. There was no significant association between premature menopause and risk of AAA amongst women who have never smoked. These results suggest an opportunity to develop strategies for better screening, risk reduction and stratification, and outcome improvement in the comprehensive vascular care of women.
A Risk Model of Admitting Patients With Silent SARS-CoV-2 Infection to Surgery and Development of Severe Postoperative Outcomes and Death
Authors: Soreide Kjetil , Yaqub Sheraz , Hallet Julie , Kvaløy Jan Terje , Kleppe Tore Selland 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
To model the risk of admitting silent COVID-19-infected patients to surgery with subsequent risk of severe pulmonary complications and mortality.

Summary Background Data:
With millions of operations cancelled during the COVID-19 pandemic, pressure is mounting to reopen and increase surgical activity. The risk of admitting patients who have silent SARS-Cov-2 infection to surgery is not well investigated, but surgery on patients with COVID-19 is associated with poor outcomes. We aimed to model the risk of operating on nonsymptomatic infected individuals and associated risk of perioperative adverse outcomes and death.

Methods:
We developed 2 sets of models to evaluate the risk of admitting silent COVID-19-infected patients to surgery. A static model let the underlying infection rate (R rate) and the gross population-rate of surgery vary. In a stochastic model, the dynamics of the COVID-19 prevalence and a fixed population-rate of surgery was considered. We generated uncertainty intervals (UIs) for our estimates by running low and high scenarios using the lower and upper 90% uncertainty limits. The modelling was applied for high-income regions (eg, United Kingdom (UK), USA (US) and European Union without UK (EU27), and for the World (WORLD) based on the WHO standard population.

Results:
Both models provided concerning rates of perioperative risk over a 24-months period. For the US, the modelled rates were 92,000 (UI 68,000–124,000) pulmonary complications and almost 30,000 deaths (UI 22,000–40·000), respectively; for Europe, some 131,000 patients (UI 97,000–178,000) with pulmonary complications and close to 47,000 deaths (UI 34,000–63,000) were modelled. For the UK, the model suggested a median daily number of operations on silently infected ranging between 25 and 90, accumulating about 18,700 (UI 13,700–25,300) perioperative pulmonary complications and 6400 (UI 4600–8600) deaths. In high-income regions combined, we estimated around 259,000 (UI 191,000–351,000) pulmonary complications and 89,000 deaths (UI 65,000–120,000). For the WORLD, even low surgery rates estimated a global number of 1.2 million pulmonary complications and 350,000 deaths.

Conclusions:
The model highlights a considerable risk of admitting patients with silent COVID-19 to surgery with an associated risk for adverse perioperative outcomes and deaths. Strategies to avoid excessive complications and deaths after surgery during the pandemic are needed.
Estimating the Effects of Individual Nurses on ICU Outcomes
Authors: Brossette Stephen E. , Zheng Ning , Wong Daisy Y. , Hymel Patrick A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA better understanding of the effects of nursing on clinical outcomes could be used to improve the safety, efficacy, and efficiency of inpatient care. However, measuring the performance of individual nurses is complicated by the non-random assignment of nurses to patients, a process that is confounded by unobserved patient, management, workforce, and institutional factors. Using the MIMIC-III ICU database, we estimate the effects of individual registered nurses (RNs) on the probability of acute kidney injury (AKI) in the ICU. We control for significant unobserved heterogeneity by exploiting panel data with 12-hour fixed effects, and use a linear probability model to estimate the near-term marginal effects of individual RN assignments. Among 270 ICU RNs, we find 15 excess high-side outliers, and 4 excess low-side outliers. We estimate that in one twelve-hour work shift, each high-side RN outlier increases the probability of AKI by about 4 percentage points, and in 25 work shifts, causes about one additional AKI. Conversely, each low-side outlier prevents about one AKI in 50 work shifts. Given the fine-grained nature of the fixed effects employed, we believe that the estimated individual nursing effects are approximately causal. We discuss our contribution to the literature and identify potential use cases for clinical deployment.
Discovering subgenomes of octoploid strawberry with repetitive sequences
Authors: Session Adam , Rokhsar Daniel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough its sequence was recently determined in a genomictour de force,{Edger 2019} the ancestry of the cultivated octoploid strawberryFragariaxananassaremains controversial.{Liston 2020; Edger 2020} Polyploids that arise by hybridization generally have chromosome sets, or subgenomes, of distinct ancestry.{Stebbins 1947; Garsmeur 2014} The conventional method for partitioning a polyploid genome into its constituent subgenomes relies on establishing phylogenetic relationships between protein-coding genes of the polyploid and its extant diploid relatives,{Edger 2018-sub} but this approach has not led to a consensus for cultivated strawberry.{Liston 2020; Edger 2020} Here we resolve this controversy using a complementary strategy that focuses on the chromosomal distribution of transposable elements and depends only on the octoploid sequence itself.{Session 2016; Mitros 2020} Our method independently confirms the consensus that two of the four subgenomes derived from the diploid lineages ofF. vescaandF. iinumae.{Tennessen 2014; Edger 2019} For the remaining two subgenomes, however, we find a statistically well-supported partitioning that differs from ref. {Edger 2019} and other work (reviewed in {Hardigan 2020}). We also provide evidence for a shared allohexaploid intermediate and suggest a neutral explanation for the “dominance” of theF. vesca-related subgenome.
From local spectral species to global spectral communities: a benchmark for ecosystem diversity estimate by remote sensing
Authors: Rocchini Duccio , Salvatori Nicole , Beierkuhnlein Carl , Chiarucci Alessandro , de Boissieu Florian , Förster Michael , Garzon-Lopez Carol X. , Gillespie Thomas W. , Hauffe Heidi C. , He Kate S. , Kleinschmit Birgit , Lenoir Jonathan , Malavasi Marco , Moudrý Vítězslav , Nagendra Harini , Payne Davnah , Šímová Petra , Torresani Michele , Wegmann Martin , Féret Jean-Baptiste 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the light of unprecedented change in global biodiversity, real-time and accurate ecosystem and biodiversity assessments are becoming increasingly essential. Nevertheless, estimation of biodiversity using ecological field data can be difficult for several reasons. For instance, for very large areas, it is challenging to collect data that provide reliable information. Some of these restrictions in Earth observation can be avoided through the use of remote sensing approaches. Various studies have estimated biodiversity on the basis of the Spectral Variation Hypothesis (SVH). According to this hypothesis, spectral heterogeneity over the different pixel units of a spatial grid reflects a higher niche heterogeneity, allowing more organisms to coexist. Recently, the spectral species concept has been derived, following the consideration that spectral heterogeneity at a landscape scale corresponds to a combination of subspaces sharing a similar spectral signature. With the use of high resolution remote sensing data, on a local scale, these subspaces can be identified as separate spectral entities, the so called “spectral species”. Our approach extends this concept over wide spatial extents and to a higher level of biological organization. We applied this method to MODIS imagery data across Europe. Obviously, in this case, a spectral species identified by MODIS is not associated to a single plant species in the field but rather to a species assemblage, habitat, or ecosystem. Based on such spectral information, we propose a straightforward method to deriveα- (local relative abundance and richness of spectral species) andβ-diversity (turnover of spectral species) maps over wide geographical areas.
MarkovHC: Markov hierarchical clustering for the topological structure of high-dimensional single-cell omics data
Authors: Wang Zhenyi , Zhong Yanjie , Ye Zhaofeng , Zeng Lang , Chen Yang , Shi Minglei , Qian Minping , Zhang Michael Q. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDistinguishing cell types and cell states is one of the fundamental questions in single-cell studies. Meanwhile, exploring the lineage relations among cells and finding the path and critical points in the cell fate transition are also of great importance.Existing unsupervised clustering methods and lineage trajectory reconstruction methods often face several challenges such as clustering data of arbitrary shapes, tracking precise trajectories and identifying critical points. Certain adaptive landscape approach1–3, which constructs a pseudo-energy landscape of the dynamical system, may be used to explore such problems. Thus, we propose Markov hierarchical clustering algorithm (MarkovHC), which reconstructs multi-scale pseudo-energy landscape by exploiting underlying metastability structure in an exponentially perturbed Markov chain4. A Markov process describes the random walk of a hypothetically traveling cell in the corresponding pseudo-energy landscape over possible gene expression states. Technically, MarkovHC integrates the tasks of cell classification, trajectory reconstruction, and critical point identification in a single theoretical framework consistent with topological data analysis (TDA)5.In addition to the algorithm development and simulation tests, we also applied MarkovHC to diverse types of real biological data: single-cell RNA-Seq data, cytometry data, and single-cell ATAC-Seq data. Remarkably, when applying to single-cell RNA-Seq data of human ESC derived progenitor cells6, MarkovHC not only could successfully identify known cell types, but also discover new cell types and stages. In addition, when using MarkovHC to analyze single-cell RNA-Seq data of human preimplantation embryos in early development7, the hierarchical structure of the lineage trajectories was faithfully reconstituted. Furthermore, the critical points representing important stage transitions had also been identified by MarkovHC from early gastric cancer data8.In summary, these results demonstrate that MarkovHC is a powerful tool based on rigorous metastability theory to explore hierarchical structures of biological data, to identify a cell sub-population (basin) and a critical point (stage transition), and to track a lineage trajectory (differentiation path).HighlightsMarkovHC explores the topology hierarchy in high-dimensional data.MarkovHC can find clusters (basins) and cores (attractors) of clusters in different scales.The trajectory of state transition (transition paths) and critical points in the process of state transition (critical points) among clusters can be tracked.MarkovHC can be applied on diverse types of single-cell omics data.
Tracking tau fibrillogenesis and consequent primary phagocytosis of neurons mediated by microglia in a living tauopathy model
Authors: Takuwa Hiroyuki , Orihara Asumi , Takado Yuhei , Urushihata Takuya , Shimojo Masafumi , Ishikawa Ai , Takahashi Manami , Barron Anna M. , Ono Maiko , Maeda Jun , Masamoto Kazuto , Akatsu Hiroyasu , Tolkovsky Aviva M. , Ji Bin , Tomita Yutaka , Ito Hiroshi , Zhang Ming-Rong , Goedert Michel , Spillantini Maria Grazia , Lee Virginia M. -Y. , Trojanowski John Q. , Maehara Taketoshi , Suhara Tetsuya , Sahara Naruhiko , Higuchi Makoto 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTFibrillary tau pathologies have been implicated in Alzheimer’s and allied neurodegenerative diseases, while mechanisms by which neurons bearing tau tangles die remain enigmatic. To address this issue, we pursued tau and related key pathologies macroscopically by PET and MRI and microscopically by intravital two-photon laser optics. Time-course macroscopic assays of tau transgenic mice demonstrated intimate associations of tau deposition and increase of an inflammatory microglial marker, translocator protein (TSPO), with regional brain atrophy. Longitudinal microscopy of these mice revealed a rapid turnover of tau lesions resulting from continuous generation of new tau aggregates followed by loss of neurons and their fibrillar contents. This technology also allowed the capturing of the disappearance of tangle-bearing neurons several days after being engulfed by activated microglia. Notably, a therapeutic TSPO ligand profoundly suppressed the mobility and phagocytotic activity of microglia and improved neuronal survival in this model, supporting the involvement of primary phagocytosis of viable neurons by microglia in tau-primed neuronal death. Finally, partial depletion of microglia revealed roles of immune factors, MFG-E8 and C1q, as ‘eat-me’ signals for an immediate attraction of phagocytic microglia towards the elimination of tangle-loaded neurons.