bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Earth System Model and Atmospheric Inversion using Total Column CO2 Observations from GOSAT and OCO-2
Authors: Patra Prabir K , Hajima Tomohiro , Saito Ryu , Chandra Naveen , Yoshida Yukio , Ichii Kazuhito , Kawamiya Michio , Kondo Masayuki , Ito Akihiko , Crisp David 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The measurements of one of the major greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO2), are being made using dedicated satellite remote sensing since the launch of the greenhouse gases observing satellite (GOSAT) by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in 2009 and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2). In the past 10 years, estimation of CO2 fluxes from land and ocean using the earth system models (ESMs) and inverse modelling of in situ atmospheric CO2 data have also made significant progress. In this article, we attempt, for the first time, to evaluate the CO2 fluxes simulated by an earth system model (MIROC-ES2L) using GOSAT observations and the fluxes estimated by an inverse model (MIROC4-Inv) for the period 2009-2014. Further, we use the OCO-2 measurements for testing the consistency of inversion results for the period 2014-2018, along with the GOSAT data. Both MIROC-ES2L and MIROC4-Inv fluxes are used in the MIROC4-atmospheric chemistry transport model (referred to as ACTM_ES2LF and ACTM_InvF, respectively) for calculating CO2 concentrations that are sampled at the time and location of the satellite measurements. Our results suggest the inverse model using in situ data are more consistent with the OCO-2 retrievals, compared to those of the GOSAT XCO2 data, suggesting possible improvements in the present GOSAT retrieval system by better accounting for the degradation correction of the Thermal And Near infrared Sensor for carbon Observations - Fourier Transform Spectrometer (TANSO-FTS). The ACTM_ES2LF simulation shows a slightly weaker seasonal cycle for the meridional profiles of CO2 fluxes, compared to that from the ACTM_InvF. This difference is revealed by greater XCO2 differences for ACTM_ES2LF vs GOSAT, compared to those of ACTM_InvF vs GOSAT. Using remote sensing based global products of leaf area index (LAI) and gross primary productivity (GPP) over land, we show a weaker sensitivity of MIROC-ES2L biospheric activities to the weather and climate in the tropical regions. Our results clearly suggest the usefulness of XCO2 measurements by satellite remote sensing for evaluation of large-scale ESMs, which so far remained untested by the sparse in situ data.
Eye-tracking-aided Characterization of Saccades and Antisaccades in SYNE1 Ataxia Patients – A Pilot Study
Authors: Szpisjak Laszlo , Szaraz Gabor , Salamon Andras , Nemeth Viola L. , Szepfalusi Noemi , Veres Gabor , Kincses Balint , Maroti Zoltan , Kalmar Tibor , Rydzanicz Malgorzata , Ploski Rafal , Klivenyi Peter , Zádori Dénes 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundSYNE1 ataxia is an autosomal recessive hereditary condition, the main characteristic features of which are gait and limb ataxia and cerebellar dysarthria. Previous reports revealed that the clinical phenotype of SYNE1 ataxia is more complex than the first published cases with pure cerebellar signs. The aim of this study was to characterize the eye movement alterations of the first diagnosed Hungarian SYNE1 ataxia patients.ResultsSaccades and antisaccades were examined with eye tracker device in 3 SYNE1 (one patient has two frameshift mutations [c.8515_8516insA, p.Met2839Asnfs*53 and c.11594_11595insG, p.Glu3866*] in compound heterozygous state, whereas two subjects have a splicing variant [c.23146-2A>G] in homozygous state), 6 Friedreich ataxia (FA) patients and 12 healthy controls. Besides that, detailed clinical phenotyping and comprehensive neuropsychological assessment were implemented as well in all patients with ataxia.In addition to the characteristic cerebellar alterations, pyramidal signs and polyneuropathy were observed at least in 2 SYNE1 ataxia patients without any other underlying reason. The eye tracking assessment revealed hypometric saccades in the longer amplitude (18.4°) saccadic paradigm in all SYNE1 patients, whereas 2 out of 3 SYNE1 subjects performed slow saccades as well. In the antisaccade task, higher incorrect ratio of antisaccades were demonstrated in SYNE1 patients compared to healthy controls, showing inverse correlation with working memory test results. The corresponding data of FA patients dispersed in a wide range partially overlapping with control data.ConclusionsThe current study draws attention to the presence of eye movement disorders in patients with SYNE1 ataxia and demonstrates that alterations in the antisaccade paradigm may be related to working memory deficits.
Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy Curricula Among Arab Countries: An Evaluation of 191 Academic Institutions
Authors: Alghamdi Eman Ali , Albalawi Omar M. , Alshammari Thamir M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundHealth outcomes and policies is a growing areas that is needed in the healthcare culture. This study aimed to examine the availability, extent and type of teaching curricula (pharmacoeconomics, pharmacoepidemiology, pharmacovigilance, patient safety) in Arab countries.Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted during the period of November 2019 to January 2020. The collection strategy was performed by listing of pharmacy colleges in each country and then reviewing the institutions’ websites that met the inclusion criteria. Five criteria were utilized to assess the availability of these courses: full-time mandatory , full-time elective, partial mandatory, partial elective, and not offered.Results One hundred ninety-one academic institutions were screened during the study period. Of those, 151 (79.1%) institutions were included in the study and their curricular descriptions were retrieved from their electronic websites. Pharmacoeconomics was the most taught subject among the four subjects. It was offered in 89/151 of the colleges among Arab countries. Among these 89 colleges that offered pharmacoeconomics, 74/89 offered it as a mandatory. While, Pharmacoepidemiology was offered in 51 colleges, with 44/51 offering the subject as a mandatory, and 6 out of those 44 list it as a full-time mandatory , while 38 out of those 44 offer it as a partially mandatory. Only 22 of the colleges offered pharmacovigilance, with 14/22 offering the subject as a mandatory. Finally, there was only one institution that offers the subject of patient safety. Moreover, most of the four courses investigated are only taught in the final two years of study.ConclusionsThe study found a clear shortcoming in the teaching pharmaceutical outcomes. More efforts are needed by academic institutions to review other institutions’ curricula to ensure they meet the work needs and advanced pharmacy practice transformation.
The Effect of Web-based Family-centered Empowerment Program in Preventing the Risk Factors of Substance Abuse in Students' Parents; Application of the Health Promotion Model
Authors: Mehri Seyed Mohsen , Hashemian Masoumeh , Joveini Hamid , Rakhshani Mohammad Hassan , Assarroudi Abdolghader , Aval Hamideh Ebrahimi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background and aim: The age of onset of substance abuse among adolescents has recently decreased worldwide. Parents play an important role in preventing their children from drug abuse. This study aimed to investigate the effect of web-based family-centered empowerment program in preventing the risk factors of substance abuse in students' parents, using the health promotion model (HPM).Method: This interventional study was based on 118 parents of high school students in Sabzevar, Iran (2019). Multi-stage random sampling was used to divide the participants into the experimental (n=65) and control (n=65) groups. The data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire based on Pender's HPM. A website was designed to perform all stages of the study. The web-based educational intervention was performed for the experimental group. Both groups completed the questionnaires 2 months after the educational intervention. The data were analyzed using t-test, paired t-test, regression, correlation, and analysis of variance.Results: There was a significant difference between the scores of prior related behavior, perceived benefits of action, activity-related effect, situational influences, competitors, and commitment in the parents of the experimental group compared to the control group after the educational intervention (p-value <0.05). Moreover, a significant difference was observed between preventive behaviors of substance abuse and the mean score of perceived barriers to action, perceived self-efficacy, interpersonal influences, and role model in the parents of the experimental group compared to the control group after the educational intervention (p-value <0.05).Conclusion: Overall, designing an educational intervention based on the constructs of Pender's HPM could be an effective strategy for promoting preventive behaviors of substance abuse in parents.
Proportion of T Follicular Helper Cells in Peripheral Blood of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bemani Peyman , Eklund Kari K. , Ali‐Hassanzadeh Mohammad , Kabelitz Dieter , Schmidt Reinhold E. , Meri Seppo , Kalantar Kurosh 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives: Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells have critical roles in the development and promotion of humoral immune responses. Accumulating evidence points to alterations in the levels and activity of Tfh which may lead to impaired immune tolerance and development of antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To elucidate the status of Tfh cells in patients with RA, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the proportion and types of Tfh cells in the PB of RA patients.Method: We systematically searched databases of Embase, Pubmed, Web of sciences (WOS), and Scopus to identify the eligible articles. We performed meta-analysis to assess the proportion of Tfh cells in PB of RA patients compared to healthy controls (HCs). We also assessed the proportion of Tfh cells based on different parameters including Tfh definition markers, disease activity status, disease stage, treatment status, serum markers, and the geographical location of the included articles. Results: Regardless of definition markers, the proportion of Tfh cells in RA patients was significantly higher than that in HCs (SMD 0.75, [0.56, 0.93], p<0.0001). Based on subgroup analyses, the proportion of Tfh cells with the individual definitions were also significantly higher in PB of RA patients compared to HCs. Tfh cells proportion in untreated-RA and early-RA patients was markedly greater than HCs, when comparisons were made without considering the definition markers, and also when Tfh cells was defined by the specified definition markers. While the proportion of Tfh cells by all definitions was significantly higher in active- and remission-RA compared to HCs, individual analysis of two definitions, CD4+CXCR5+ and CD4+CXCR5+ICOS+, didn’t show significant differences. In addition, higher proportion of Tfh cells defined by all definitions as well as a specified definition (CD4+CXCR5+PD-1high) was observed when S+RA and S-RA patients were compared to the HCs. Higher Tfh cells proportion in RA patients compared with HCs was observed in the Asian populations (SMD 0.89, [0.68, 1.09], p<0.0001), while there was a trend toward significant in the proportion of Tfh between the two groups in non-Asians (SMD 0.29, [-0.003, 0.59], p=0.052).Conclusion: Altogether, our results demonstrate that circulating Tfh are highly elevated in RA patients and are also significantly increased in untreated-, early- and S+-RA patients, underscoring the potential pathogenic role of this cell population in RA and its potential use as a biomarker and a target for RA therapy.
Comparison of Early Outcomes between Percutaneous Endoscopic and Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Lumbar Spondylolisthesis
Authors: Zhang Hao , Zhou Chuanli , Wang Chao , Zhu Kai , Tu Qihao , Kong Meng , Zhao Chong , Ma Xuexiao 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundWith the rapid development of less-invasive techniques, the percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (Endo-TLIF) as a novel minimal surgical technique for treating lumbar spondylolisthesis in recent years. To compare the preliminary efficacy of Endo-TLIF with that of minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) for the treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis.MethodsBetween May and August 2019, 62 patients with single-segment lumbar spondylolisthesis treated by a single surgeon were enrolled in this clinical study: there were 32 patients in the Endo-TLIF group and 30 patients in the MIS-TLIF group. Perioperative parameters, including operative time, estimated blood loss (EBL), interoperative fluoroscopy time, ambulation time and operative complications, were recorded. At preoperatively, 1 week, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months postoperatively, the results of clinical metrics such as the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for back pain, the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score were obtained and used to compare early outcomes between the two groups. Postoperative fusion rates were assessed by CT scans 12 months after surgery.ResultsNo significant differences were found in the demographic data, including sex, age, body mass index (BMI), segment distribution and spondylolisthesis severity, between the two groups. Compared with MIS-TLIF group, Endo-TLIF group had a similar operative time (202.6±31.4 minutes), less intraoperative blood loss (73.0±26.0 ml) and a shorter ambulation time (1.6±0.6 days) but had a longer duration of X-ray radiation (46.3±5.1 seconds). The postoperative VAS scores for back pain as well as the ODI and JOA scores were improved compared with the preoperative scores in the two groups, but the Endo-TLIF group showed more significant improvement in the early follow-up. There were no significant differences in terms of the interbody fusion rate between the two groups. However, no obvious postoperative complications were observed in the study.ConclusionEndo-TLIF technique shows relatively better outcomes compared with MIS-TLIF in terms of an early curative effect, especially one week and six months postoperatively.
Attitude, Practice and Associated Factors Towards Patients With Hepatitis B and C Viruses Among Nurses Working in Governmental Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019.&nbsp;
Authors: Amera Tekalign Birlie , Argaw Zeleke , Habtie Teshome , Tsedalu Abraham 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: nurses spend much time caring for patients with different diagnosis some of which are potentially infectious. Infectiousness of some diseases may affect nurse’s behavior to care for patients equally and effectively. Hepatitis B and C are infectious global treats responsible for 96% of hepatitis related mortality. Hence, this study aimed to assess attitude, practice and associated factors towards patients with hepatitis B and C viruses among nurses working in governmental hospitals in Addis Ababa.Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted in public hospitals in Addis Ababa Ethiopia from April 01 to 30, 2019. A total of 396 nurses were selected using simple random sampling technique. Data was collected using a pretested, validated self-administered questionnaire. Epi info version 7.2 and SPSS version 24 were used for data entry and analysis respectively. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to characterize the association between dependent and independent variables. Results: Among 383 respondents 45.6% and 35.8% reported to have positive attitude and good practice respectively. Receiving training on infection prevention and getting vaccinated against hepatitis B are significantly associated with nurse’s attitude. Nurses who served for more than ten years and those vaccinated against hepatitis B are also found to have good practice.Conclusion: The overall level of nurse’s attitude and practice towards patients with hepatitis B and C viruses is significantly low. Therefor nurses need to get training on infection prevention and hepatitis B vaccine for free. Proper supply of personal protective equipment should also be assured.
Atypical HIV-Vacuolar Myelopathy.&nbsp;Case Report and Literature Review.
Authors: Tau Mongezi , Joseph Sibi , George Jerry , Ibañez-Valdés Lourdes de Fatima , Dubula Thozama , Foyaca-Sibat Humberto 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Here, we report an atypical presentation of HIV-vacuolar myelopathy and search the available medical literature about atypical presentations of human immunodeficiency virus associate vacuolar myelopathy (HIVVM) and immunoglobulin therapy response.Case: A 26-year-old lady who was four weeks postpartum presented to us with acute flaccid quadriparesis, with no sensory level. Extensive workup ruled out other causes of myelopathy. She developed a stage 3 acute kidney injury, and MRI showed diffuse cord atrophy involving the lower cervical and thoracic cord. The patient received IV-immunoglobulin, ARV's, and supportive therapy with inadequate response. Unfortunately, she developed nosocomial pneumonia and died. Discussion: In HIV-VM, there is spinal cord atrophy, which mainly involves the thoracic cord. In our case, this pathological process also affected the spinal cord's cervical region, leading to flaccid tetraplegia, no responding to the treatment, including intravenous immunoglobulin.
Psychological Stress and BMI in the Prevalence of Uterine Leiomyoma Among Young Adult Women: Results from Project ELEFANT
Authors: Yuan Bibo , Song Ruixue , Barrow Timothy M. , Fang Junkai , Colicino Elena , Osorio-Yáñez Citlalli , Zhang Ying , Li Chen , Li Peng-Hui , Guo Liqiong , Hou Shike , Byun Hyang-Min 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Uterine leiomyoma (UL) is a benign tumour with a prevalence of 4-21% in Western populations and UC occurrence is associate with impaired quality of life. Few studies have studied on psychological stress with the prevalence of UL in non-Western populations. We sought to identify the association of psychological stress with the prevalence of UL and mediation by BMI. Methods: Analysis was performed in a cross-sectional, population-based Project Young ELEFANT study. We analysed clinical data collected from young Chinese women (age 20-40; n=178205) who were residents of Tianjin, China. Work-related, social and financial stress were evaluated by questionnaire and categorised by intensity (none, low, intermediate, and high). Odds ratios of UL were determined by binary logistic regression models adjusted for age at enrolment, smoking, passive smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI, education, occupation, residence, age at menarche, parity, oral contraceptive use, and diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Results: UL prevalence in young adult women was associated with psychosocial stress by cause and intensity. High levels of work-related, social and financial stress were associated with ORs (95% CI) of 1.72 (1.41, 2.10), 1.48 (1.18, 1.84) and 1.44 (1.11, 1.88) respectively. The risk of UL with psychosocial stress showed interaction with BMI, with underweight women at greatest risk. Conclusions: In young adult Chinese women, psychological stress is associated with UL prevalence. While BMI was positively associated with UL incidence, underweight and healthy weight women with psychosocial stress showed highest risk of UL.
Correlation between TXNRD1/HO-1 Expression and the Histological Response to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation Therapy in patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Akaishi Ryujiro , Fujishima Fumiyoshi , Ishida Hirotaka , Tsunokake Junichi , Yamauchi Takuro , Gokon Yusuke , Ueki Shunsuke , Fukutomi Toshiaki , Okamoto Hiroshi , Takaya Kai , Sato Chiaki , Taniyama Yusuke , Kamei Takashi , Sasano Hironobu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundNrf2 signaling plays a pivotal role in antioxidant response, and its expression has been reported to increase in various human malignancies, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). This also leads to resistance against chemotherapy and radiotherapy in patients. Thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) are proteins involved in this pathway that play key roles in antioxidant responses. However, the correlation between the expression of these two proteins and the therapeutic response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (NACRT), and the changes before and after chemoradiation therapy in patients with ESCC, remain unknown. MethodsThe proteins involved in the Nrf2 signaling pathway were immunolocalized in carcinoma cells in patients with ESCC undergoing NACRT with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin followed by esophagectomy. The 8-OHdG levels were used to determine ROS levels in individual carcinoma cells. Fifty-two pre-operative endoscopic biopsy and fifty post-operative resected specimens were available for this study. Among these, 39 specimens were available for comparison of the results before and after NACRT. The changes in immunoreactivity before and after NACRT (Δ) were assessed. ResultsSignificant histological resistance to NACRT was observed in patients with high levels of Nrf2, TXNRD1, and HO-1 expression. Among pre-therapeutic biopsy specimens, the tumor reduction effect was significantly attenuated in those with high levels of Nrf2, TXNRD1, and HO-1 expression. TXNRD1Δ and HO-1Δ were both significantly higher, while 8-OHdGΔ was significantly lower in the ineffective (poor response) groups. In resected specimens, the overall survival was significantly lower in groups with high Nrf2, TXNRD1, HO-1, and HO-1Δ values. Disease-free survival was significantly lower in the groups with high expression of Nrf2, TXNRD1, HO-1, and Ki-67 and large values of HO-1Δ, and Ki-67Δ. ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that high Nrf2, TXNRD1, and HO-1 expression in pre-therapeutic biopsy specimens could predict the histological response to NACRT, and their status in surgically resected specimens could predict clinical outcomes in patients with ESCC.