bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collaborative anthropology, work, and textual reception in a Mexican Nahua village
Authors: ARIEL DE VIDAS ANATH 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTSince the 1980s, anthropologists have been valorizing the notion of working together with their research participants to produce knowledge. But what happens when the anthropologist's notion of collaboration differs radically from that of the people with whom he or she wishes to collaborate? My initial attempt at such collaboration with indigenous Nahua people in a Mexican village seemed to fail miserably, yet, over time, the situation changed. Reflecting on the misunderstandings surrounding our discussions on the first drafts of my book about the village provides a glimpse of the cultural context in which the interaction was forged. It raises questions about literacy, the authority of knowledge, and my interlocutors’ views of social relationships. In particular, an understanding of the local notion of work proved crucial to grasping the evolution of these exchanges. The latter reveal Nahua ontologies as well as my own. [collaborative anthropology, reflexivity, work, textual reception, literacy, methodology, indigenous people, Nahua, Mexico]
Left heart bypass versus circulatory arrest for open repair of thoracoabdominal aortic pathologies
Authors: Papadimas Evangelos , Tan Ying Kiat , Qi Qian , Ng Jun Jie , Kofidis Theo , Teoh Kristine , Sorokin Vitaly , Choong Andrew M. T. L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundMost large‐volume centres use left heart bypass (LHB) as their preferred organ protection strategy during repair of descending thoracic aortic (DTA) and thoracoabdominal aortic (TAA) pathologies. We investigate the use of hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) for similar pathologies and compare the outcomes of both.MethodsA PubMed, Embase and Scopus search for studies in English on LHB versus HCA for repair of DTA and TAA pathologies published from inception till February 2020 was performed. Our analysis excluded studies without direct comparison of the two organ protection strategies. Clinical endpoints that were studied were 30‐day mortality, post‐operative stroke, spinal cord deficit, renal failure and respiratory failure. Random effects meta‐analyses of the effect of the two strategies across all clinical endpoints were conducted.ResultsHCA is non‐inferior to LHB across all clinical endpoints. In terms of 30‐day mortality (odds ratio (OR) 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.31–4.59, P = 0.14, I2 = 49%), stroke (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.12–1.39, P = 0.97, I2 = 0%), spinal cord deficit (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.22–1.45, P = 0.78, I2 = 0%), renal failure (OR 1.33, 95% CI 0.37–4.76, P = 0.98, I2 = 0%) and respiratory failure (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.37–1.97, P = 0.16, I2 = 46%), there was no statistically significant difference between the two cohorts.ConclusionEvidence is limited, but suggests that HCA alone provides adequate organ protection during repair of DTA and TAA pathologies, and has equivalent outcomes when compared to LHB.
Are <7‐mm long implants in native bone as effective as longer implants in augmented bone for the rehabilitation of posterior atrophic jaws? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Iezzi Giovanna , Perrotti Vittoria , Felice Pietro , Barausse Carlo , Piattelli Adriano , Del Fabbro Massimo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeTo compare clinical and radiographic outcomes of <7 mm short (SH) implants inserted in native bone vs longer (ST) implants placed in vertically augmented partially edentulous posterior jaws. A further aim was to evaluate if the residual bone dimension plays a role in the outcomes of SH and extra‐SH implants.Materials and MethodsThis review was registered with PROSPERO. An electronic literature search was performed on PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with at least 1‐year follow‐up, comparing fixed prostheses supported by SH vs ST implants in augmented sites were included. Marginal bone level (MBL) changes, implant survival rate, and complications were evaluated through a meta‐analysis. Subgroup analysis was performed dividing the SH implants according to length at each follow‐up (1‐, 3‐, 5‐year of function).ResultsTwenty‐five articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria, featuring a total of 650 SH implants placed in 415 patients and 685 ST implants placed in 403 patients. There was a trend for a significantly lower MBL associated with SH implants respect to ST implants at each follow‐up, whilst there was no evidence of a difference in failure rates between SH and ST implants, for any SH length considered and at any follow‐up. There was evidence for a lower incidence of complications in favor of SH implants at both 1‐year (P < .0001) and 3‐year follow‐up (P = .01), while at 5‐year follow‐up there was no evidence of a difference between SH and ST groups (P = .30).ConclusionSH implants supporting partial fixed rehabilitations represent a valuable alternative to augmentation procedures in the medium term. While the performance of implants at least 5‐mm long is well documented, more studies with at least 5‐year follow‐up are needed to confirm the promising outcomes observed with <5 mm‐long fixtures.
Multiple combinations of melanocytic and vascular endothelial markers enhance the detection rate of lymphovascular invasion in cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Bayram Aysel , Ozturk Sari Sule , Ozluk Yasemin , Tas Faruk , Buyukbabani Nesimi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundLymphovascular invasion (LVI) is believed to be the mechanism by which melanoma cells can disseminate to regional lymph nodes and distant sites and may be predictive of adverse outcome. Lymphovascular invasion often difficult to detect on hematoxylin‐eosin (HE) stained sections, are readily identified with dual immunohistochemistry (IHC) for melanocytic and vascular markers.MethodsA total of 100 primary cutaneous malignant melanoma cases that had a Breslow thickness of 1‐4 mm and lacked LVI by conventional HE assessment were included. We compared the LVI detection rates of double staining for CD31/S100 and CD34/S100, and D2‐40/S100, and examined the association of LVI with clinical outcomes.ResultsThe dual immunohistochemical positivity for CD31/S100, CD34/S100, and D2‐40/S100 were 40(40%), 17(17%) and 35(35%), respectively. On multivariate analysis, LVI was an independent predictor of SLN status. Multivariate analysis revealed that LVI and male gender were independent risk factors for overall survival.ConclusionsThe recognition of LVI is improved by dual IHC and predicts SLN metastasis. The detection of LVI using dual IHC, especially by a combination of CD31/S100 and D2‐40/S100 is a useful step that inclusion should be recommended in basic evaluation parameters for cutaneous melanoma.
The effects of microglia‐ and astrocyte‐derived factors on neurogenesis in health and disease
Authors: Araki Tasuku , Ikegaya Yuji , Koyama Ryuta 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHippocampal neurogenesis continues throughout life and has been suggested to play an essential role in maintaining spatial cognitive function under physiological conditions. An increasing amount of evidence has indicated that adult neurogenesis is tightly controlled by environmental conditions in the neurogenic niche, which consists of multiple types of cells including microglia and astrocytes. Microglia maintain the environment of neurogenic niche through their phagocytic capacity and interaction with neurons via fractalkine‐CX3CR1 signaling. In addition, microglia release growth factors such as brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α to support the development of adult born neurons. Astrocytes also manipulate neurogenesis by releasing various soluble factors including adenosine triphosphate and lactate. Whereas, under pathological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, depression, and epilepsy, microglia and astrocytes play a leading role in inflammation and are involved in attenuating the normal process of neurogenesis. The modulation of glial functions on neurogenesis in these brain diseases are attracting attention as a new therapeutic target. This review describes how these glial cells play a role in adult hippocampal neurogenesis in both health and disease, especially focusing glia‐derived factors.
Numerical tool for the analysis of CTOD curves obtained by DIC or FEM
Authors: Marques Bruno , Neto Diogo , Antunes Fernando , Vasco‐Olmo Jose , Díaz Francisco 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTypically, the crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) is used only to quantify the crack closure phenomenon. However, more information about crack tip phenomena can be extracted from the CTOD curves, which can be used for a better understanding of fatigue crack growth. The main objective here is the development of a numerical tool for the automatic analysis of CTOD plots, which can be obtained either numerically using the finite element method (FEM) or experimentally using digital image correlation (DIC). The parameters extracted are the elastic and plastic CTOD in loading and unloading regimes, the corresponding load ranges, the crack opening and closure levels and the dissipated energy. This tool is expected to promote a fast and efficient analysis of DIC and FEM results, facilitating the implementation of CTOD analysis in the fatigue community.
Keloids: a review of therapeutic management
Authors: Ekstein Samuel F. , Wyles Saranya P. , Moran Steven L. , Meves Alexander 
Published: September 2020

AbstractKeloid scar formation arises from a disorganized fibroproliferative collagen response that extends beyond the original wound margins because of excessive production of extracellular matrix (ECM). Despite treatment options for keloid scars including medical and surgical therapies, such as intralesional steroid injection and surgical excision, the recurrence rate remains high. Herein we consolidate recently published narrative reviews, systematic reviews, and meta‐analyses to provide an overview of updated treatment recommendations for keloidal scar formation. PubMed search engine was used to access the MEDLINE database to investigate updates regarding keloid incidence and treatment. More than 100 articles were reviewed. Keloid management remains a multimodal approach. There continues to be no gold standard of treatment that provides a consistently low recurrence rate; however, the increasing number of available treatments and synergistic combinations of these treatments (i.e., laser‐based devices in combination with intralesional steroids, or 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in combination with steroid therapy) is showing favorable results. Future studies could target the efficacy of novel treatment modalities (i.e., autologous fat grafting or stem cell‐based therapies) for keloid management. This review article provides updated treatment guidelines for keloids and discusses insight into management to assist patient‐focused, evidence‐based clinical decision making.
From cassava to gari: mapping of quality characteristics and end‐user preferences in Cameroon and Nigeria
Authors: Ndjouenkeu Robert , Ngoualem Kegah Franklin , Teeken Béla , Okoye Benjamin , Madu Tessy , Olaosebikan Olamide Deborah , Chijioke Ugo , Bello Abolore , Oluwaseun Osunbade Adebowale , Owoade Durodola , Takam‐Tchuente Noel Hubert , Biaton Njeufa Esther , Nguiadem Chomdom Isabelle Linda , Forsythe Lora , Maziya‐Dixon Busie , Fliedel Geneviève 
Published: September 2020

SummaryUser’s preferences of cassava and cassava products along the value chain are supported by specific root quality characteristics that can be linked to root traits. Therefore, providing an evidence base of user preferred characteristics along the value chain can help in the functional choice of cassava varieties. In this respect, the present paper presents the results from focus group discussions and individual interviews on user preferred quality characteristics of raw cassava roots and the derived product, gari, – one of the major cassava products in Sub‐Saharan Africa – in major production and consumption areas of Cameroon and Nigeria. Choice of cassava varieties for farming is mainly determined by the multiple end uses of the roots, their agricultural yield and the processing determinants of roots that support their major high‐quality characteristics: size, density, low water content, maturity, colour and safety. Processing of cassava roots into gari goes through different technological variants leading to a gari whose high‐quality characteristics are dryness, colour, shiny/attractive appearance, uniform granules and taste. Eba, the major consumption form of gari in Cameroon and Nigeria, is mainly characterised by its textural properties: smoothness, firmness, stickiness, elasticity and mouldability. Recommendations are made, suggesting that breeding will have to start evaluating cassava clones for brightness/shininess, as well as textural properties such as mouldability and elasticity of cassava food products, for the purpose of supporting decision‐making by breeders and the development of high‐throughput selection methods of cassava varieties. Women are identified as important beneficiaries of such initiatives giving their disadvantaged position and their prominent role in cassava processing and marketing of gari.
Interleukin‐17 and ischaemic stroke
Authors: Zhang Qiaohui , Liao Yan , Liu Zhenquan , Dai Yajie , Li Yunxin , Li Yue , Tang Yibo 
Published: September 2020

SummaryInterleukin‐17 (IL‐17) is a cytokine family that includes 6 members, IL‐17A through IL‐17F, most of them are reported to have pro‐inflammatory role. Through binding to their receptors (IL‐17Rs), IL‐17 activates the intracellular signalling pathways to play an important role in autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Ischaemic stroke is a complex pathophysiological process mainly caused by regional cerebral ischaemia. Inflammatory factors contribute to the physiological process of stroke that leads to poor prognosis. IL‐17 plays a crucial role in promoting inflammatory response and inducing secondary injury in post‐stroke. Though immune cells and inflammatory factors have been reported to be involved in the damage of stroke, the functions of IL‐17 in this process need to be elucidated. This review focuses on the pathological modulation and the mechanism of IL‐17 family in ischaemic stroke and seeking to provide new insights for future therapies.
Dealing with care disruption in High and Intensive Care wards: From difficult patients to difficult situations
Authors: Gerritsen Sylvia , Widdershoven Guy , van der Ham Lia , van Melle Laura , Kemper Martijn , Voskes Yolande 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHigh and Intensive Care is a relatively new care model in Dutch mental health care for clinical admissions. One of the goals is to keep the admission short. For some patients, this goal is not realized, which results in a long‐term admission. Often, this is experienced as a disruption. Disruptions in care processes are frequently defined in terms of patient characteristics. Yet, it may be that other factors play a role. The aim of this study is to gain better insight into the perceptions of care professionals of what is characteristic for disruptions at High and Intensive Care wards and how professionals can deal with these. Qualitative research was performed by means of semi‐structured interviews and a focus group with professionals. Results show that a focus on patient characteristics is too narrow and that other factors also play an important role. These factors include challenges in the relation between professionals and the patient, a divided team, and a lack of collaboration with ambulatory care. In order to deal with these factors, professionals should invest in the relationship with the patient, identify destructive team processes early, and improve communication with ambulatory care. It is recommended to develop a monitoring tool that includes all these factors. Another recommendation is to organize structured reflection on dilemmas experienced in care. In conclusion, this study shows the importance of going beyond patient characteristics in order to better understand, identify, and deal with disruption at High and Intensive Care wards.
A simple maneuver to determine if septal accessory pathway ablation requires a left atrial approach
Authors: Kanawati Juliana , Roberts Jason D. , Rowe Matthew K. , Khan Habib , Chan William K. , Leong‐Sit Peter , Manlucu Jaimie , Yee Raymond , Tang Anthony S. , Gula Lorne J. , Skanes Allan C. , Klein George J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionSeptal accessory pathway (AP) ablation can be challenging due to the complex anatomy of the septal region. The decision to access the left atrium (LA) is often made after failure of ablation from the right. We sought to establish whether the difference between ventriculo‐atrial (VA) time during right ventricular (RV) apical pacing versus the VA during tachycardia would help establish the successful site for ablation of septal APs.MethodsIntracardiac electrograms of patients with orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia (ORT) using a septal AP with successful catheter ablation were reviewed. The ∆VA was the difference between the VA interval during RV apical pacing and the VA interval during ORT. The difference in the VA interval during right ventricular entrainment and ORT (StimA–VA) was also measured.ResultsThe median ∆VA time was significantly less in patients with a septal AP ablated on the right side compared with patients with a septal AP ablated on the left side (12 ± 19 vs. 56 ± 10 ms, p < .001). The StimA–VA was significantly different between the two groups (22 ± 14 vs. 53 ± 9 ms, p < .001). The ∆VA and StimA–VA were always 40 ms in patients with non‐decremental septal APs ablated from the right side and always greater than 40 ms in those with septal APs ablated from the left.ConclusionΔVA and StimA–VA values identified with RV apical pacing in the setting of ORT involving a septal AP predict when left atrial access will be necessary for successful ablation.
Efficacy and safety of co‐administered telmisartan/amlodipine and rosuvastatin in subjects with hypertension and dyslipidemia
Authors: Jin Xuan , Kim Moo Hyun , Han Ki Hoon , Hong Soon Jun , Ahn Jeong‐Cheon , Sung Jung‐Hoon , Cho Jin‐Man , Lee Han Cheol , Choi So‐Yeon , Lee Kyounghoon , Kim Woo‐Shik , Rhee Moo‐Yong , Kim Ju Han , Hong Seung Pyo , Yoo Byung Su , Cho Eun Joo , Lee Jae‐Hwan , Kim Pum‐Joon , Park Chang‐Gyu , Hyon Min Su , Shin Jin Ho , Lee Sang Hyun , Sung Ki Chul , Hwang Jinyong , Kwon Kihwan , Chae In‐Ho , Seo Jeong‐Sook , Kim Hyungseop , Lee Hana , Cho Yoonhwa , Kim Hyo‐Soo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSingle risk factors, such as hypertension and dyslipidemia, can combine to exacerbate the development and severity of cardiovascular disease. Treatment goals may be more effectively achieved if multiple disease factors are targeted with combination treatment. We enrolled 202 patients who were randomly divided into the following three groups: telmisartan/amlodipine 80/5 mg + rosuvastatin 20 mg, telmisartan 80 mg + rosuvastatin 20 mg, and telmisartan/amlodipine 80/5 mg. The primary efficacy variables were changes from baseline in mean sitting systolic blood pressure (MSSBP) between telmisartan/amlodipine 80/5 mg + rosuvastatin 20 mg and telmisartan 80 mg + rosuvastatin 20 mg at 8 weeks, and the percent changes from baseline in low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol between telmisartan/amlodipine 80/5 mg + rosuvastatin 20 mg and telmisartan/amlodipine 80/5 mg at 8 weeks. The secondary efficacy variables were changes in MSSBP, mean sitting diastolic blood pressure (MSDBP), LDL cholesterol and other lipid levels at 4 weeks and 8 weeks, as well as observed adverse events during follow‐up. There were no significant differences between the three groups in demographic characteristics and no significant difference among the three groups in terms of baseline characteristics for the validity evaluation variables. The mean overall treatment compliance in the three groups was, respectively, 98.42%, 96.68%, and 98.12%, indicating strong compliance for all patients. The Least‐Square (LS) mean (SE) for changes in MSSBP in the two (telmisartan/amlodipine 80/5 mg + rosuvastatin 20 mg and telmisartan 80 mg + rosuvastatin 20 mg) groups were −19.3 (2.68) mm Hg and −6.69 (2.76) mm Hg. The difference between the two groups was significant (−12.60 (2.77) mm Hg, 95% CI −18.06 to −7.14, P < .0001). The LS Mean for the percent changes from baseline in LDL cholesterol in the two (telmisartan/amlodipine 80/5 mg + rosuvastatin 20 mg and telmisartan/amlodipine 80/5 mg) groups were −52.45 (3.23) % and 2.68 (3.15) %. The difference between the two groups was significant (−55.13 (3.20) %, 95% CI −61.45 to −48.81, P < .0001). There were no adverse events leading to discontinuation or death. Combined administration of telmisartan/amlodipine 80/5 mg and rosuvastatin 20 mg for the treatment of hypertensive patients with dyslipidemia significantly reduces blood pressure and improves lipid control. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03067688.
Diabetic nephropathy associates with deregulation of enzymes involved in kidney sulphur metabolism
Authors: Uyy Elena , Suica Viorel Iulian , Boteanu Raluca Maria , Safciuc Florentina , Cerveanu‐Hogas Aurel , Ivan Luminita , Stavaru Crina , Simionescu Maya , Antohe Felicia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNephropathy is a major chronic complication of diabetes. A crucial role in renal pathophysiology is played by hydrogen sulphide (H2S) that is produced excessively by the kidney; however, the data regarding H2S bioavailability are inconsistent. We hypothesize that early type 1 diabetes (T1D) increases H2S production by a mechanism involving hyperglycaemia‐induced alterations in sulphur metabolism. Plasma and kidney tissue collected from T1D double transgenic mice were subjected to mass spectrometry‐based proteomic analysis, and the results were validated by immunological and gene expression assays.T1D mice exhibited a high concentration of H2S in the plasma and kidney tissue and histological, showed signs of subtle kidney fibrosis, characteristic for early renal disease. The shotgun proteomic analyses disclosed that the level of enzymes implicated in sulphate activation modulators, H2S‐oxidation and H2S‐production were significantly affected (ie 6 up‐regulated and 4 down‐regulated). Gene expression results corroborated well with the proteomic data. Dysregulation of H2S enzymes underly the changes occurring in H2S production, which in turn could play a key role in the initiation of renal disease. The new findings lead to a novel target in the therapy of diabetic nephropathy. Mass spectrometry data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD018053.