bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Publikationsformate im Forschenden Lernen
Authors: Haberstroh Susanne , Petersen Maren 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Unter Forschendem Lernen versteht Huber das Durchlaufen eines gesamten Forschungszyklus „bis zur Prüfung und Darstellung der Ergebnisse“ (Huber, 2009, S. 11). Dieser letzte Schritt – die Präsentation der Forschungsergebnisse – wird in diesem Beitrag beleuchtet. Wir möchten aufzeigen, wie die immer noch häufige Praxis, Ergebnisse studentischer Forschung in Form von Forschungsberichten zu dokumentieren, die durch die Lehrenden gelesen und bewertet werden, durch andere Formate ersetzt oder ergänzt werden kann.
Lernschöpfungskette Forschung – von der Idee bis zur fertigen Abschlussarbeit
Authors: Engler Barbara , Gerstenberg Julia 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Die Umsetzung des anspruchsvollen Konzepts „Forschendes Lernen“ gestaltet sich übersichtlicher und weniger schwierig, wenn es sowohl Studierenden als auch Lehrenden in Etappen nähergebracht und der akademische Nachwuchs mit dem Forschungsprozess in kleinen Einheiten vertraut gemacht wird. In diesem Beitrag werden die Vorteile einer Sequenzierung des Forschenden Lernens mit Fokus auf das Lernen des Forschens beleuchtet und anhand des Qualitätspakt-Lehre-Projekts „Humboldt reloaded – Wissenschaftspraxis von Anfang an“ an der Universität Hohenheim beispielhaft dargestellt.
„Wissenschaft als sozialen Prozess erfahren“
Authors: Siegfried Meike , Wiemer Matthias 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Studierende in soziale Prozesse einzubinden ist ein zentrales Argument für Forschendes Lernen im Studium. Dabei können unterschiedliche Bildungsziele in den Fokus rücken, die eine je eigene Perspektive auf Gemeinschaftsbildungsprozesse erfordern. Der Beitrag geht diesen verschiedenen Perspektiven nach und zeigt, welche Herausforderungen und Chancen sich aus einer differenzierten Betrachtung der unterschiedlichen Verwirklichungen von Gemeinschaft für die Lehrpraxis ergeben.
Cosmological singularities and 2-dimensional dilaton gravity
Authors: Bhattacharya Ritabrata , Narayan K. , Paul Partha 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe study Big-Bang or -Crunch cosmological singularities in 2-dimensional dilaton-gravity-scalar theories, in general obtained by dimensional reduction of higher dimensional theories. The dilaton potential encodes information about the asymptotic data defining the theories, and encompasses various families such as flat space, AdS, conformally AdS as arising from nonconformal branes, and more general nonrelativistic theories. We find a kind of universal near singularity behaviour independent of the dilaton potential, giving universal interrelations between the exponents defining the time behaviour near the cosmological singularity. More detailed analysis using a scaling ansatz enables finding various classes of cosmological backgrounds, recovering known examples such as the AdS Kasner singularity as well finding as new ones. We give some comments on the dual field theory from this point of view.
Entanglement and symmetry resolution in two dimensional free quantum field theories
Authors: Murciano Sara , Di Giulio Giuseppe , Calabrese Pasquale 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We present a thorough analysis of the entanglement entropies related to different symmetry sectors of free quantum field theories (QFT) with an internal U(1) symmetry. We provide explicit analytic computations for the charged moments of Dirac and complex scalar fields in two spacetime dimensions, both in the massive and massless cases, using two different approaches. The first one is based on the replica trick, the computation of the partition function on Riemann surfaces with the insertion of a flux α, and the introduction of properly modified twist fields, whose two-point function directly gives the scaling limit of the charged moments. With the second method, the diagonalisation in replica space maps the problem to the computation of a partition function on a cut plane, that can be written exactly in terms of the solutions of non-linear differential equations of the Painlevé V type. Within this approach, we also derive an asymptotic expansion for the short and long distance behaviour of the charged moments. Finally, the Fourier transform provides the desired symmetry resolved entropies: at the leading order, they satisfy entanglement equipartition and we identify the subleading terms that break it. Our analytical findings are tested against exact numerical calculations in lattice models.
New de Sitter solutions of 10d type IIB supergravity
Authors: Andriot David , Marconnet Paul , Wrase Timm 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We find and study 17 new de Sitter solutions of ten-dimensional (10d) type IIB supergravity with intersecting D5-branes and orientifold O5-planes, as well as a new Minkowski one. These solutions are obtained numerically on 6d group manifolds, the compactness of which is established for 4 of them. We show that all our de Sitter solutions are perturbatively unstable, using a restricted 4d effective theory of four scalar fields. We finally analyse whether our solutions can be promoted to classical string backgrounds. Several of them appear as good candidates, as they satisfy all requirements imposed so far.
How to succeed at Witten diagram recursions without really trying
Authors: Zhou Xinan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Witten diagrams are basic objects for studying dynamics in AdS space, and also play key roles in the analytic functional bootstrap. However, these diagrams are notoriously hard to evaluate, making it extremely difficult to search for recursion relations among them. In this note, we present simple methods to obtain recursion relations for exchange Witten diagrams from conformal block recursion relations. We discover a variety of new relations, including the dimensional reduction formulae for exchange Witten diagrams. In particular, we find a five-term recursion relation relating exchange Witten diagrams in d and d − 2 dimensions. This gives the holographic analogue of a similar formula for conformal blocks due to Parisi-Sourlas supersymmetry. We also extend the analysis to two-point functions in CFTs with conformal boundaries, and obtain similar results.
Tiling a Circular Disc with Congruent Pieces
Authors: Kurusa Árpád , Zsolt Lángi , Vígh Viktor 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this note, we prove that any monohedral tiling of the closed circular unit disc with $$k \le 3$$

k
≤
3

topological discs as tiles has a k-fold rotational symmetry. This result yields the first nontrivial estimate about the minimum number of tiles in a monohedral tiling of the circular disc in which not all tiles contain the center, and the first step towards answering a question of Stein appearing in the problem book of Croft, Falconer, and Guy in 1994.
Filipino help-seeking for mental health problems and associated barriers and facilitators: a systematic review
Authors: Martinez Andrea B. , Co Melissa , Lau Jennifer , Brown June S. L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
This systematic review aims to synthesise the evidence on behavioural and attitudinal patterns as well as barriers and enablers in Filipino formal help-seeking.

Methods
Using PRISMA framework, 15 studies conducted in 7 countries on Filipino help-seeking were appraised through narrative synthesis.

Results
Filipinos across the world have general reluctance and unfavourable attitude towards formal help-seeking despite high rates of psychological distress. They prefer seeking help from close family and friends. Barriers cited by Filipinos living in the Philippines include financial constraints and inaccessibility of services, whereas overseas Filipinos were hampered by immigration status, lack of health insurance, language difficulty, experience of discrimination and lack of acculturation to host culture. Both groups were hindered by self and social stigma attached to mental disorder, and by concern for loss of face, sense of shame, and adherence to Asian values of conformity to norms where mental illness is considered unacceptable. Filipinos are also prevented from seeking help by their sense of resilience and self-reliance, but this is explored only in qualitative studies. They utilize special mental health care only as the last resort or when problems become severe. Other prominent facilitators include perception of distress, influence of social support, financial capacity and previous positive experience in formal help.

Conclusion
We confirmed the low utilization of mental health services among Filipinos regardless of their locations, with mental health stigma as primary barrier, while resilience and self-reliance as coping strategies were cited in qualitative studies. Social support and problem severity were cited as prominent facilitators.
A new phytoecdysteroid from the stem bark of Vitex cienkowskii
Authors: Stark Timo D. , Rami Julius , Fröhlich Sonja , Weiss Patrick , Vierling Wolfgang , Dongmo Alain B. , Hofmann Thomas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTo investigate differences in the metabolome of the stem bark of Vitex cienkowskii harvested at three different locations and three different seasons, their extracts were analyzed by means of UPLC–ESI–IMS–TOF MSe. One marker metabolite was isolated and chemically characterized, which was identified as the new compound 20,24-dihydroxy,24-hydroxymethylecdysone (1). IMS showed two drift time species for 1 which could be used as new and additional characteristic compound parameters in compound identification to reduce dereplication and false positives.
Ulnar collateral ligament injuries of the first metacarpophalangeal joint: prevalence of associated injuries on radiographs and MRI
Authors: Manneck Sebastian , Del Grande Filippo , Hirschmann Anna 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the prevalence of associated findings at the first metacarpophalangeal joint on radiographs and MRI following acute ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries.

Materials and methods
This retrospective study included 25 patients with an injury of the UCL at MRI. Presence of associated injuries to the volar ligaments (checkrein and phalangoglenoid ligaments and volar plate) was assessed on radiographs and MRI independently by two musculoskeletal radiologists. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare frequencies of injuries between both modalities (p < 0.05). Interreader variability was calculated.

Results
Complete tears of the UCL (48%/60%, reader 1/2) were more common than partial tears (24%/16%) on MRI. Dislocation of the UCL ≥ 3 mm was detected in 40%/56% on MRI. UCL avulsion fractures were more frequently seen on MRI (28%) compared with radiographs (12%) for reader 1. Associated avulsion injuries of the phalangoglenoid ligament were evident in 12%/8% on radiographs and in 80%/76% on MRI. Almost all patients (100%/79%) with a dislocated UCL tear showed a concomitant volar ligament injury; and even two-thirds (66%/72%) of the non-displaced UCL tears had an injury to the volar ligaments. Interreader agreement was moderate to excellent (κ = 0.60–1.0).

Conclusion
UCL tears are often associated with volar ligament injuries, even in lesser degrees of an UCL injury.
Populations in environments with a soft carrying capacity are eventually extinct
Authors: Jagers Peter , Zuyev Sergei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractConsider a population whose size changes stepwise by its members reproducing or dying (disappearing), but is otherwise quite general. Denote the initial (non-random) size by $$Z_0$$

Z
0

and the size of the nth change by $$C_n$$

C
n

, $$n= 1, 2, \ldots $$

n
=
1
,
2
,
…

. Population sizes hence develop successively as $$Z_1=Z_0+C_1,\ Z_2=Z_1+C_2$$

Z
1

=

Z
0

+

C
1

,

Z
2

=

Z
1

+

C
2

and so on, indefinitely or until there are no further size changes, due to extinction. Extinction is thus assumed final, so that $$Z_n=0$$

Z
n

=
0

implies that $$Z_{n+1}=0$$

Z

n
+
1

=
0

, without there being any other finite absorbing class of population sizes. We make no assumptions about the time durations between the successive changes. In the real world, or more specific models, those may be of varying length, depending upon individual life span distributions and their interdependencies, the age-distribution at hand and intervening circumstances. We could consider toy models of Galton–Watson type generation counting or of the birth-and-death type, with one individual acting per change, until extinction, or the most general multitype CMJ branching processes with, say, population size dependence of reproduction. Changes may have quite varying distributions. The basic assumption is that there is a carrying capacity, i.e. a non-negative number K such that the conditional expectation of the change, given the complete past history, is non-positive whenever the population exceeds the carrying capacity. Further, to avoid unnecessary technicalities, we assume that the change $$C_n$$

C
n

equals -1 (one individual dying) with a conditional (given the past) probability uniformly bounded away from 0. It is a simple and not very restrictive way to avoid parity phenomena, it is related to irreducibility in Markov settings. The straightforward, but in contents and implications far-reaching, consequence is that all such populations must die out. Mathematically, it follows by a supermartingale convergence property and positive probability of reaching the absorbing extinction state.
Using Projection-Based Clustering to Find Distance- and Density-Based Clusters in High-Dimensional Data
Authors: Thrun Michael C. , Ultsch Alfred 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFor high-dimensional datasets in which clusters are formed by both distance and density structures (DDS), many clustering algorithms fail to identify these clusters correctly. This is demonstrated for 32 clustering algorithms using a suite of datasets which deliberately pose complex DDS challenges for clustering. In order to improve the structure finding and clustering in high-dimensional DDS datasets, projection-based clustering (PBC) is introduced. The coexistence of projection and clustering allows to explore DDS through a topographic map. This enables to estimate, first, if any cluster tendency exists and, second, the estimation of the number of clusters. A comparison showed that PBC is always able to find the correct cluster structure, while the performance of the best of the 32 clustering algorithms varies depending on the dataset.
Intracellular pH regulation in mantle epithelial cells of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas
Authors: Ramesh Kirti , Hu Marian Y. , Melzner Frank , Bleich Markus , Himmerkus Nina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractShell formation and repair occurs under the control of mantle epithelial cells in bivalve molluscs. However, limited information is available on the precise acid–base regulatory machinery present within these cells, which are fundamental to calcification. Here, we isolate mantle epithelial cells from the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas and utilise live cell imaging in combination with the fluorescent dye, BCECF-AM to study intracellular pH (pHi) regulation. To elucidate the involvement of various ion transport mechanisms, modified seawater solutions (low sodium, low bicarbonate) and specific inhibitors for acid–base proteins were used. Diminished pH recovery in the absence of Na+ and under inhibition of sodium/hydrogen exchangers (NHEs) implicate the involvement of a sodium dependent cellular proton extrusion mechanism. In addition, pH recovery was reduced under inhibition of carbonic anhydrases. These data provide the foundation for a better understanding of acid–base regulation underlying the physiology of calcification in bivalves.
Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the sino-nasal outcome test (snot)-22 for Finnish patients
Authors: Koskinen Anni , Hammarén-Malmi Sari , Myller Jyri , Mäkelä Marjukka , Penttilä Elina , Pessi Timo , Puhakka Tuomo , Raappana Antti , Taulu Rami , Toppila-Salmi Sanna , Virkkula Paula , Hytönen Maija 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) is the most commonly used disease-specific quality of life questionnaire in rhinology. The purpose of this prospective study was to translate and validate SNOT-22 into Finnish.

Methods
The validation process followed the guidelines proposed for cross-cultural adaptation of health-related measures of quality of life. The study consisted of three groups: rhinologic out-patients (N = 96), FESS patients (N = 49) and healthy controls (N = 79). Out-patient and FESS groups completed the questionnaire twice (answers A and B), out-patients after two weeks and FESS patients after 3 months. Validity, reliability and responsiveness were evaluated.

Results
The mean SNOT-22 sum score of the out-patient questionnaires were 35.3 points (answer A) and 32.4 points (answer B). ICC in out-patient group was 0.879. For the FESS patients, the mean pre- and postoperative (answer A and B) SNOT-22 sum scores were 46.8 and 21.9 points, respectively (p < 0.0001). The mean SNOT-22 of healthy controls was 8.9 points. The out-patients (answer A) and healthy controls had statistically significant difference in SNOT-22 scores (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions
The results of our study show that the validated Finnish version of the SNOT-22 questionnaire demonstrates good validity, reliability and responsiveness.
Dental age estimation in children affected by juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Pinchi Vilma , Bianchi Ilenia , Pradella Francesco , Vitale Giulia , Focardi Martina , Tonni Ingrid , Ferrante Luigi , Bucci Andrea 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Dental root calcification has proven to be a reliable biological evidence to estimate chronological age of children. The development of structures usually examined in the age estimation forensic practice (e.g. skeleton, teeth) is supposed to be influenced by diseases and nutritional, environmental, ethnic, and ultimately even socioeconomic factors. This research aims to study the age estimation in children affected by juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) with and without steroids treatment and compared with healthy subjects.

Material and methods
Dental age estimations based on 752 OPGs, 420 girls and 332 boys, aged from 3.3 to 15.99 years, were provided by applying Demirjian and Willems’ original methods. Of the whole sample, 103 individuals were affected by JRA and 40 received a continuous corticosteroid therapy, over 1 year long.

Conclusions
Willems’ and Demirjian’s original methods, as methods commonly applied to estimate age for sub-adults with unremarkable medical history, can be used for medico-legal purposes to children affected by JRA. Willems’ method tended to underestimate age while Demirjian’s method resulted to be prone to overestimation for both healthy and JRA-affected children. JRA showed to have no influence on root calcification process even in children that received steroid treatment for 1 year or longer.
Influence of oral anticoagulation on success rates and risk of bleeding events after iStent inject implantation combined with phacoemulsification
Authors: Widder Randolf A. , Lappas Alexandra , Rennings Corinna , Hild Matthias , Roessler Gernot F. , Dietlein Thomas S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effect, the success rates, and the risk of bleeding events of patients receiving an iStent inject combined with phacoemulsification under anticoagulation therapy compared with a matched control group.

Methods
In this retrospective study, sixty-four eyes underwent an iStent inject implantation combined with phacoemulsification at two centers. Thirty-two eyes received surgery while under anticoagulation therapy, and another thirty-two eyes served as a control group matched for visual acuity, IOP, and medication score. Success was defined as criteria A and B (IOP < 18/21 mmHg, > 20% IOP reduction, no resurgery) and criteria C (IOP ≤ 15 mmHg, IOP reduction ≥ 40%, no resurgery). The clinical goal of the study was to determine the difference between the study and control groups with respect to IOP, medication score, and the frequency of intraoperative and postoperative bleeding events.

Results
After a mean follow-up time of 1 year, the IOP lowered 28% from 20.1 ± 4.8 to 14.5 ± 3.7 mmHg in the group of 64 eyes. The medication score lowered 38% from 2.1 ± 1.1 to 1.3 ± 1.2. The two groups with and without anticoagulant agents did not significantly differ in postoperative IOP, medication score, success rates, or number of bleeding events.

Conclusion
We conclude that in cataract surgery combined with the iStent inject a discontinuation of anticoagulant agents might not be necessary. It might be a good option in glaucoma surgery when anticoagulation treatment should not be interrupted and the target pressure is not very low.
Method of determining the effective surface area of a rigid body under wind disturbances
Authors: Cekus Dawid , Kwiatoń Paweł 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis work proposes a method for determining the effective surface area of a rigid body induced by the wind. The proposed method assumes a variable surface effective area on which the wind acts. To determine the effective surface parameter, the dependence of normal vectors and the position change of individual vertices of the solid body were used. Cardan angles and its derivatives were used to determine the rigid body orientation in space. The free motion of the rigid body was analysed for two variants: influence of wind force and forced motion. During calculations, various cases were analysed differing in terms of wind speed and direction. A comparison of the developed method with the constant and projected surface area was presented. Various acceptable cases in which the surface area approximation is permissible were also shown. The proposed method can be used to calculate the wind load acting on a load of transport devices.
Definition and severity grading of postoperative lymphatic leakage following inguinal lymph node dissection
Authors: Gerken Andreas Lutz Heinrich , Herrle Florian , Jakob Jens , Weiß Christel , Rahbari Nuh N. , Nowak Kai , Karthein Constantin , Hohenberger Peter , Weitz Jürgen , Reißfelder Christoph , Dobroschke Jakob C. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Lymphatic complications occur frequently after radical inguinal lymph node dissection (RILND). The incidence of lymphatic leakage varies considerably among different studies due to the lack of a consistent definition. The aim of the present study is to propose a standardized definition and grading of different types of lymphatic leakage after groin dissection.

Methods
A bicentric retrospective analysis of 82 patients who had undergone RILND was conducted. A classification of postoperative lymphatic leakage was developed on the basis of the daily drainage output, any necessary postoperative interventions and reoperations, and any delay in adjuvant treatment.

Results
In the majority of cases, RILND was performed in patients with inguinal metastases of malignant melanoma (n = 71). Reinterventions were necessary in 15% of the patients and reoperations in 32%. A new classification of postoperative lymphatic leakage was developed. According to this definition, grade A lymphatic leakage (continued secretion of lymphatic fluid from the surgical drains without further complications) occurred in 13% of the patients, grade B lymphatic leakage (persistent drainage for more than 10 postoperative days or the occurrence of a seroma after the initial removal of the drain that requires an intervention) in 28%, and grade C lymphatic leakage (causing a reoperation or a subsequent conflict with medical measures) in 33%. The drainage volume on the second postoperative day was a suitable predictor for a complicated lymphatic leakage (grades B and C) with a cutoff of 110 ml.

Conclusion
The proposed definition is clinically relevant, is easy to employ, and may serve as the definition of a standardized endpoint for the assessment of lymphatic morbidity after RILND in future studies.