bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efectos de los ciclones tropicales sobre la cubierta vegetal de la cuenca baja y estero San José del Cabo, Baja California Sur, México
Authors: Shiba-Reyes Marcos , Troyo Enrique , Martínez-Rincón Raúl , Breceda Aurora 
Published: January 2021

Introducción: Los ciclones tropicales modifican la composición y estructura los ecosistemas.Objetivo: Analizar el efecto de los ciclones tropicales sobre la recuperación y resiliencia de la cubierta vegetal.Materiales y métodos: La resiliencia de la cuenca baja y estero San José del Cabo se evaluó mediante el estudio del efecto de 11 ciclones tropicales (2013- 2017) sobre la cubierta vegetal. Se analizaron imágenes Landsat para cada evento y dos SPOT-6 para el ciclón Lidia. Las áreas de ganancia, estabilidad, pérdida y recuperación de los tipos de vegetación se estimaron con base en el análisis de los cambios del Índice de Vegetación de Diferencia Normalizada (NDVI).Resultados y discusión: La estabilidad promedio de la cubierta vegetal fue de 90 %; sin embargo, en el caso de los ciclones Odile (2014) y Lidia (2017), la estabilidad disminuyó considerablemente, con una pérdida de 35.4 y 20.5 %, respectivamente, siendo la vegetación herbácea perenne la más afectada. Un año después de Odile y Lidia, la recuperación fue 8.4 % y 25.4 %, respectivamente; el tipo de vegetación de mayor recuperación fue el carrizo-tule. El análisis de imágenes SPOT-6 permitió la observación detallada del efecto de Lidia sobre el palmar. La causa principal de su pérdida fue la escorrentía del arroyo, que favoreció el crecimiento de especies invasoras (Arundo donax L. y Tamarix sp.); además, se estimaron 1.4 ha deforestadas y una superficie de 20 ha afectadas por fuego en el 2017.Conclusión: La vegetación es resiliente a los ciclones tropicales; sin embargo, eventos que aportan más de 50 % de la precipitación anual disminuyen la capacidad de recuperación de la vegetación.
Relación entre la variabilidad climática y el crecimiento radial de Pinus montezumae Lamb. en Coyuca de Catalán, Guerrero
Authors: Cortés-Cortés Otoniel , Cornejo-Oviedo Eladio H. , Cerano-Paredes Julián , Cervantes-Martínez Rosalinda , Flores-López Celestino , Valencia-Manzo Salvador 
Published: January 2021

Introducción: El conocimiento del potencial dendroclimático de una especie permite reconstruir la variabilidad climática en las latitudes y altitudes de su distribución.Objetivo:Determinar el potencial de Pinus montezumae Lamb. para reconstruir variables climáticas.Materiales y métodos: Se extrajeron 80 muestras con taladro de Pressler, se dataron y generaron índices de crecimiento. Se obtuvieron promedios de precipitación mensual, temperatura mínima y máxima, y se corrió un análisis de función de respuesta entre los índices de crecimiento y los datos climáticos.Resultados y discusión: Las muestras fechadas representaron 75 % del total. El programa COFECHA indicó una correlación entre series de r = 0.57 (P < 0.01) y una sensibilidad media de 0.31; la especie es sensible para registrar la variabilidad climática. Se generaron tres cronologías (estándar, residual y arstan) de 228 años (1790-2017) para cada uno de los tres índices de crecimiento (anillo total, madera temprana y tardía). El análisis de función de respuesta mostró que es posible reconstruir la precipitación de primavera y la temperatura máxima de mayo-julio con base en los índices de anillo total (r = 0.66; P < 0.01) y madera tardía (r = 0.35; P < 0.01), respectivamente.Conclusión: Los parámetros estadísticos indican que P. montezumae es una fuente proxy apropiada para estudios de reconstrucción de la variabilidad climática.
The Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Economies of the Gulf Cooperation Council States due to Low Oil Prices
Authors: AL-Tamimi Khaled Abdalla Moh'd 
Published: January 2021

This paper shows the effect of a drop in oil price on the economic growth of GCC states as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic using monthly data for (2019/2020 M1 – 2019/2020 M12) where oil priceis an explanatory variable and economic growth is the affected variable. Because the economies of the GCC countries are centered mostly on oil, the spread of COVID-19 pandemic has become a serious concern since they depend on the outside world in diverse ways. The confirmed number of cases in the GCC countries is eliciting fear about security in these countries. This paper focuses on analyzing theoretical and empirical literature reviews to show the effects of oil price on economic growth and explaining this effect in GCC states for this period using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) technique in Eviews program. This paper concluded that there are negative and significant effects of oil price on the economic growth of Kuwait and Qatar,but insignificant effects of oil price on the economic growth of Bahrain, Oman and the United Arab Emirates and a positive and significant effect of oil price on the economic growth of Saudi Arabia by using monthly data for (2019/2020 M1 – 2019/2020 M12) at a significance level of 5%.Also, this paper reaches a recommendation of the GCC states to improve their economies through other sectors and not by relying on oil to enhance their economic growth.
COVID -19 and its environmental impacts.
Authors: Parrey Imtiyaz Rasool 
Published: January 2021

This analysis aims to show the impact of COVID-19 on the environment, particularly in the countries, which are deadly affected by COVID-19, such countries include China, USA, Italy, and Spain. Our experiment suggested that there are significant contingency measures and improvements in air quality, clean beaches, rivers, and environmental noise reduction. However, on the other side, there are some negative effects of COVID -19 such as the reduction in cycling, large waste, fishing, unemployment. In order to build back, better UN has given six climate-related actions to shape the recovery for the future.
An In silico Analysis of Some Bioactive Compounds of Psidium guajava against Target Proteins of Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Hamza Yakubu Gambo , Danyaya Aminu Ibrahim , Lawal Mudassir 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Cholera is a destructive disease that causes extreme and intense water loss in the body. It takes between 12 hours and 5 days for an individual to show symptoms after ingesting contaminated food or water. It causes acute watery diarrhea in children and adults and if left untreated, it can lead to death within hours. Unfortunately, children are the most severely affected. In this study, molecular interactions of 24 bioactive compounds of Psidium guajava leaves against Vibrio cholerae targets proteins namely: Alanine racemase (PDB ID: 4BEQ), Cholera enterotoxin, A chain (PDB ID: 1S5F) and ToxT (PDB ID: 3GBG) were evaluated.
Methods: Molecular docking study was conducted and the 3D structures of bioactive compounds, Enzymes and the Enzyme-ligand interaction were visualized while Swiss ADME was employed to assess other physiochemical properties of these bioactive compounds.
Results and Discussion: The results from the molecular docking revealed that five bioactive compounds showed promising inhibitory activity, which include Spathulenol (Binding energy; -7.5, -6.5 and -9.1 kcal/mol in 4BEQ, 1S5F and 3GBG ), Humulene oxide II (Binding energy; -7.1, -6.0 and -8.5 kcal/mol in 4BEQ, 1S5F and 3GBG), Globulol(-)-Globulol were -7.2, -6.5 and -9.0 kcal/mol in 4BEQ, 1S5F and 3GBG), Cadala-1(10),3,8-triene (Binding energy; -7.8, -6.8 and -9.8 kcal/mol in 4BEQ, 1S5F and 3GBG) and Bicyclo[5.3.0]decane, 2-methylene-5-(1-methylvinyl)-8-methyl (Binding energy; -6.9, -6.7 and -9.4 kcal/mol in 4BEQ, 1S5F and 3GBG) respectively.
Conclusion: In this study, it has been revealed that the carefully chosen bioactive compounds have the potential to be used alone or in combination with other natural products for developing potent antibacterial drugs (against cholera). They can be further subjected to fractionation and isolation to confirm their activity towards in vitro and in vivo studies and can be commercialized as a potent antibacterial agent.
Knowledge of Health Impact of Climate Change and Practice of Preventive Measures among Students of a Nigerian Tertiary Institution
Authors: Nzeobi J. R. , Chineke H. N. , Ubajaka C. F. , Adogu P. O. U. 
Published: January 2021

Background: Every century has its own public health challenge. Climate change is the present century's challenge. There are various health risks arising from climate change which without mitigation actions, will tend to worsen with each passing day.
Study Aim and Objective: To study the knowledge of health impact of climate change and practice of appropriate preventive measures among students of a Nigerian Tertiary Institution
Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was carried out using structured questionnaires. These questionnaires were shared randomly among students from five selected departments in the college of health science and data was analyzed using SPSS Version 20.0
Results: It was found that all the students were aware of climate change and 91.7% knew about the effect of climate change on health. Significantly 78.7% believed that climate change was from man-made causes but surprisingly only 34.3% were taking actions in mitigating the effect of climate change.
Conclusion: Despite the high knowledge about climate change, majority of actions taken by the students were just for convenience and to save money, not necessarily because they wanted to prevent the effects of climate change on health.
Recommendation: Government and Non-governmental organizations should form advocacy clubs for young students as a platform to sensitize them on climate change and its effects. There is need to introduce rewards and sponsorships for individuals who successfully learn about climate change and ways to mitigate its effect on health.
Some Properties Via GN −Preopen Sets in Grill Topological Spaces
Authors: Saif Amin , Muntaser Maged Abdulwahab Al- 
Published: January 2021

This paper introduces and investigates the notions of GN -disconnected sets, GN -connected, GN -precompact sets, and separation axioms via GN -preopen sets. They will be introduced in grill topological spaces by using the class of GN -preopen sets.
Study of Different Drip Irrigation and NK Fertigation Levels on Performance of Cauliflower
Authors: Sidhartha G. , Pasha Md. Latheef , Umadevi M. , Ramulu V. 
Published: January 2021

A field experiment on cauliflower with different drip irrigation and NK fertigation levels was conducted at Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana during rabi 2019-2020. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with nine treatments, comprising of three drip irrigation regimes viz., 0.6 Epan (I1), 0.8 Epan (I2) and 1.0 Epan (I3) as main plots and three drip NK fertigation levels of control (N0K0-F1), 50 % recommended dose of NK (N40 K50- F2) and 100 % recommended dose of NK (N80 K100- F3) as sub plots and replicated thrice. Growth and yield attributes were significantly higher at irrigation scheduled at 1.0 Epan. Plant height and yield attributes were comparable between 1.0 Epan and 0.8 Epan. Whereas plant height and dry matter production between 0.8 and 0.6 Epan were comparable. Drip irrigation scheduled at 1.0 Epan recorded significantly higher curd yield (18.7 t ha-1) than 0.8 Epan (17.1 t ha-1) and 0.6 Epan (15.0 t ha-1). NPK uptake were significantly higher in irrigation scheduled at 1.0 Epan than 0.8 and 0.6 Epan. All growth, yield attributes and NPK uptake at harvest increased significantly with increase in NK fertigation level from control to 100% recommended dose of NK. Drip fertigation at 100 % recommended dose of NK recorded significantly higher curd yield (23.8 t ha-1) than 50 % recommended dose of NK (19.7 t ha-1) and N0K0 (7.2 t ha-1). Application of 1.0 E Pan irrigation and 100% recommended dose of NK performed better than other treatments.
University Students’ Awareness about Oral Health and Hygiene
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Shahid , Khan Salah-Ud-Din , Iqbal Muhammad Zahid 
Published: January 2021

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the awareness of university students about oral health and hygiene in a university in Malaysia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the students of four different faculties (pharmacy, medical, biotechnology and business) in a university in Malaysia with the help of pre-validated research questionnaire. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 24.0 was used to analyze and present the data.
Results: The final response gathered was 324 from four faculties. The pharmacy faculty students had better knowledge as compared to the other faculties. The female students had better knowledge of oral health hygiene as compared to males. Final year students reported more appropriate knowledge as compared to pre-final year students.
Conclusion: Overall appropriate knowledge was observed among the four studied faculties of the university. The present study concluded that pharmacy students had more appropriate knowledge of oral health and hygiene than the other faculty students.
Sequential N‐Arylation and Intramolecular Imine Addition Reaction of Indoloazomethine Ylides with Arynes for the Synthesis of Thiadiazepine Derivatives
Authors: Kim Dae Kyum , Son Jeong‐Yu , Jung Ilyong , Heo Namrim , Han Sang Hoon , Kim Dongwook , Lee Phil Ho 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMetal‐free reaction of indoloazomethine ylides with 2‐(trimethylsilyl)aryl triflates in the presence of TMAF and MeOH provided 1,4‐thiadiazepines through sequential N‐arylation and intramolecular imine addition reaction, which is fully oxidized with p‐chloranil. These compounds are smoothly isomerized to indoloindolizines in quantitative yield. Moreover, formation of indoloindolizine was accessed from indoloazomethine ylide and 2‐(trimethylsilyl)aryl triflate in semi‐one‐pot.magnified image
A Novel method for the identification and quantification of weight faltering
Authors: Naumenko Daniel J. , Dykes James , O'Connor G. Kesler , Stanley Zofia , Affara Nabeel , Doel Andrew M. , Drammeh Saikou , Dunger David B. , Faal Abdoulie , Ong Ken K. , Sosseh Fatou , Prentice Andrew M. , Moore Sophie E. , Bernstein Robin M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe describe a new method for identifying and quantifying the magnitude and rate of short‐term weight faltering episodes, and assess how (a) these episodes relate to broader growth outcomes, and (b) different data collection intervals influence the quantification of weight faltering.Materials and methodsWe apply this method to longitudinal growth data collected every other day across the first year of life in Gambian infants (n = 124, males = 65, females = 59). Weight faltering episodes are identified from velocity peaks and troughs. Rate of weight loss and regain, maximum weight loss, and duration of each episode were calculated. We systematically reduced our dataset to mimic various potential measurement intervals, to assess how these intervals affect the ability to derive information about short‐term weight faltering episodes. We fit linear models to test whether metrics associated with growth faltering were associated with growth outcomes at 1 year, and generalized additive mixed models to determine whether different collection intervals influence episode identification and metrics.ResultsThree hundred weight faltering episodes from 119 individuals were identified. The number and magnitude of episodes negatively impacted growth outcomes at 1 year. As data collection interval increases, weight faltering episodes are missed and the duration of episodes is overestimated, resulting in the rate of weight loss and regain being underestimated.ConclusionsThis method identifies and quantifies short‐term weight faltering episodes, that are in turn negatively associated with growth outcomes. This approach offers a tool for investigators interested in understanding how short‐term weight faltering relates to longer‐term outcomes.
Tiletamine/zolazepam and dexmedetomidine with tramadol provide effective general anesthesia in rats
Authors: Limprasutr Vudhiporn , Sharp Patrick , Jampachaisri Katechan , Pacharinsak Cholawat , Durongphongtorn Sumit 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundTiletamine/zolazepam is a dissociative anesthetic combination commonly used in small animals but information is limited in rats. The alpha‐2 agonist, dexmedetomidine, has gained popularity in laboratory animal anesthesia. Tramadol is a weak opioid mu agonist. The aim of this study was to assess whether the tiletamine/zolazepam/dexmedetomidine (ZD) combination effectively provides a surgical anesthesia plane comparable to tiletamine/zolazepam/dexmedetomidine with tramadol (ZDT) in a minor procedure in rats.MethodsRats were induced with ZD or ZDT. After the loss of paw withdrawal, a small incision was made on the rats’ left thighs as a surgical stimulus. Rats were maintained under a surgical anesthesia plane by assessing the loss of the paw withdrawal reflex for 45 minutes, then atipamezole was administered. Monitored anesthesia parameters included: (a) physiological parameters – pulse rate (PR), respiratory rate (RR), tissue oxygen saturation (%SpO2), and body temperature; (b) duration parameters – induction time, onset and duration of surgical anesthesia plane, onset of recovery, and recovery time.ResultsPR was significantly lower at 10 minutes in ZD and 5 minutes in ZDT groups. No difference was observed for RR, %SpO2, and body temperature. Likewise, there were no differences for duration parameters: induction time was less than 3 minutes; onset and duration of surgical anesthesia plane were approximately 5 and 45 minutes, respectively; onset of recovery (time to move) was 51 minutes; and recovery time was 52 minutes, respectively.ConclusionThese data suggest the ZD combination provides a surgical anesthesia plane comparable to ZDT in a rat incisional pain model.
Compatibilization of an immiscible blend of EPDM and POM with an Ionomer
Authors: Bragaglia Mario , McNally Tony , Lamastra Francesca R. , Cherubini Valeria , Nanni Francesca 
Published: January 2021

AbstractImmiscible blends of ethylene‐propylene‐diene‐monomer (EPDM) and polyoxymethylene (POM), when EPDM is the major phase were compatibilized on the addition of an ionomer, poly(ethylene‐co‐methacrylic acid). The inclusion of the ionomer reduced the interfacial tension between the two phases, such that the diameter of the POM domains were significantly reduced to between 0.5 and 2 μm, typical of that required to toughen ductile polymers. The mechanical properties of the resultant compatibilized blends were significantly enhanced with increases in Young's modulus (↑54%), tensile strength (σ, ↑139%), elongation at break (ε, ↑97%), and tensile toughness (↑500%) with increasing ionomer content, relative to EPDM rubber alone. The ShoreA hardness of the compatibilized blend was 70.1 compared with 56.8 for the immiscible binary blend and, 50.2 for neat EPDM rubber.
Synthesis and performances of 9,9‐bis(perfluorohexylethyl propionate) fluorene copolymers
Authors: Fu Peng‐hui , Li Jian , Wang Chen‐yi , Ren Qiang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract2,7‐dibromo‐9,9‐bis(perfluorohexylethyl propionate) fluorene was synthesized by Michael addition reaction using 2,7‐dibromofluorene and perfluorohexyl ethyl acrylate as the reactants. 9,9‐Bis(perfluorohexylethyl propionate) fluorene copolymers were then synthesized by Suzuki coupling reaction with 2,7‐bis(4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐1,3,2‐dioxaborane‐diyl)‐9,9 ‐dioctyl fluorene, 2,7‐dibromo‐9,9‐dioctyl fluorene and 2,7‐dibromo‐9,9‐bis(perfluorohexylethyl propionate) fluorene as the monomers. The fluorinated fluorene copolymers were characterized and investigated via Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1HNMR), ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy (UV–vis), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and photoluminance spectroscopy (PL). Because of the long fluorine‐containing alkyl side chain, the ultraviolet absorption peak of 9,9‐bis(perfluorohexylethyl propionate) fluorene is blue‐shifted compared with poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene)(PF8). The LUMO energy level increases and the energy band gap of copolymers widens. Due to the self‐assembly of the long fluoroalkyl side chain, the photoluminance spectra of 9,9‐bis(perfluorohexylethyl propionate) fluorene copolymers exhibit a new excimer emission peak at 550 nm. The photoluminance stabilities of the copolymers under irradiation and humid conditions are significantly improved due to protective effect from the long fluoroalkyl side chain. After being irradiated under 500 W iodine tungsten lamp or kept under 70% relative humid conditions, the 9,9‐bis(perfluorohexylethyl propionate) fluorene copolymers showed much better photoluminance stability than that of poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene) (PF8). These show that introducing long fluoroalkyl side chain into conjugated polymer main chain is a promising strategy to improve environmental stability of devices based on organic conjugated polymers.
Bio‐cellular glass–ceramic composite with embedded calcium phosphate from eggshell for alternative biomaterials in medical and dental applications
Authors: Kongpaopong Kunanya , Ratchatawatanapipat Nathawith , Tangboriboon Nuchnapa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGreen biomaterial foams with nontoxicity, low weight, low density, and high‐compressive strength, which can be easily manufactured at low cost, are urgently sought. When implanted as a scaffold, bio‐cellular glass–ceramic composite has potential for bone bonding, connective tissue growth, and reconstruction of lost tissue. The present study investigates the physical‐thermo‐mechanical properties of bio‐cellular glass–ceramic composite supplemented with calcium phosphate from eggshell powder (0, 1, 3, or 5 wt%) and sodium‐silicate binder. The composite materials were prepared by hand pressing and fired at 800 or 900°C for 1 h. The composites containing 1 and 3 wt% calcium phosphate from eggshell powder and fired at 800°C achieved suitable porosity (74–79%), pore size (20–800 μm), bulk density (0.57–0.70 g/cm3), true density (0.98–1.06 g/cm3), water absorption (10.31–21.41%), compressive strength (2.71–3.23 MPa), and thermal expansion coefficient ([5.95–5.98] × 10−6°C−1) for practical applications. The obtained bio‐cellular glass–ceramic composite is an alternative biomaterial for biomedical and dental applications.