bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Network-based metrics of resilience and ecological memory in lake ecosystems
Authors: Armstrong McKay David I. , Dyke James G. , Doncaster C. Patrick , Dearing John A. , Wang Rong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSome ecosystems undergo abrupt transitions to a new regime after passing a tipping point in an exogenous stressor, for example lakes shifting from a clear to turbid ‘eutrophic’ state in response to nutrient-enrichment. Metrics-based resilience indicators have been developed as early warning signals of these shifts but have not always proved reliable indicators. Alternative approaches focus on changes in the composition and structure of an ecosystem, which can require long-term food-web observations that are typically beyond the scope of monitoring. Here we prototype a network-based algorithm for estimating ecosystem resilience, which reconstructs past ecological networks solely from palaeoecological abundance data. Resilience is estimated using local stability analysis, and eco-net energy: a neural network-based proxy for ‘ecological memory’. We test the algorithm on modelled (PCLake+) and empirical (lake Erhai) data. The metrics identify increasing diatom community instability during eutrophication in both cases, with eco-net energy revealing complex eco-memory dynamics. The concept of ecological memory opens a new dimension for understanding ecosystem resilience and regime shifts, with eco-memory potentially increasing ecosystem resilience by allowing past memorised eco-network states to be recovered after disruptions.
On the nomological net of (non-)workaholic subtypes
Authors: Ontrup Greta , Patrzek Justine 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
Research on workaholism distinguishes between enthusiastic and non-enthusiastic workaholics, a typology used in many studies. Yet, the methodical foundation on which the derivation of the types is based lacks robust statistical evidence. The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to replicate the often-cited typology of enthusiastic and non-enthusiastic workaholics (and non-workaholic subtypes), based on model-based clustering as a robust statistical technique; and second, to validate the class solution based on affective, cognitive and behavioral measures.

Design/methodology/approach
The study followed a cross-sectional design, targeting a sample of people from various fields of industries. An online questionnaire was distributed; workaholism was assessed with McMillan et al.’s (2002) Work-BAT-R scales. A total of 537 respondents’ data were analyzed.

Findings
Latent profile analysis extracted four classes, namely, enthusiastic and non-enthusiastic workaholics and relaxed and uninvolved non-workaholics. As expected, workers characterized by high enjoyment (enthusiasts and relaxed) showed higher job satisfaction and occupational self-efficacy than workers with low enjoyment (non-enthusiasts and uninvolved). Relaxed workers reported higher life satisfaction than all other classes.

Originality/value
The robust methodology applied establishes a good starting point for future studies investigating workers subtypes: the replication suggests that the workaholic subtypes might be core profiles that occur in different populations with regularity. As a next step, the replication of the typology based on alternative operationalizations of workaholism is proposed for future studies.
Novel design of an optimized synergetic control for dual stator induction motor
Authors: Guermit Hossine , Kouzi Katia , Bessedik Sid Ahmed 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to present a contribution to improve the performance of vector control scheme of double star induction motor drive (DSIM) by using an optimized synergetic control approach. The main advantage of synergetic control is that it supports all parametric and nonparametric uncertainties, which is not the case in several control strategies.

Design/methodology/approach
The suggested controller is developed based on the synergistic control theory and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm which allow to obtain the optimal parameter of suggested controller to improve the performance of control system.

Findings
To show the benefits of proposed controller, a comparative simulation results between conventional PI controller, sliding mode controller and suggested controller were carried out.

Originality/value
The obtained simulation results illustrate clearly that synergetic controller ensures a rapid response, asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system in the all range operating condition and system robustness in presence of parameter variation in all range of operating conditions.
Multinational enterprises and economic inequality
Authors: Rygh Asmund 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThis paper contributes to laying a foundation for a research agenda in international business (IB) on multinational enterprises (MNEs) and economic inequality, through an extensive literature review and development of a conceptual framework.Design/methodology/approachThe author conduct a systematic review of studies on economic inequality in IB literature, complemented by a broader selective review of studies in general management, economics, political science, sociology and other disciplines.FindingsThe review confirms that economic inequality has received little attention in IB research. Most contributions are recent conceptual studies, while empirical studies are scarce. Studies in economics and other disciplines provide further insights on the effects of MNEs on inequality, although specific findings are somewhat mixed.Research limitations/implicationsThe author develop a simple framework outlining channels of effects from MNEs activities on different forms of inequality, discuss challenges and opportunities for IB in addressing this topic and identify some avenues for future IB research on economic inequality.Originality/valueThis paper is the first comprehensive review of literature in IB on economic inequality. It also presents relevant literature on MNEs and economic inequality from various other disciplines and outlines the contributions that the IB discipline can make to the study of this topic.
Design guidelines for female Muslim prayer facilities in public buildings
Authors: Mokhtar Ahmed Hanafi 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
Practicing Muslims pray five times a day during specified periods. Hence, public buildings in many Muslim-majority countries tend to have prayer facilities. These facilities are typically gender-segregated. Unfortunately, for a long time, the main focus for the design of these facilities has been on the male facilities. As a result, many female users suffer from using facilities that are not safe, hygienic or comfortable. Part of the reason is the lack of guidelines that help designers provide a facility that satisfies the needs of female users. This paper aims to address this problem with a focus on prayer facilities that are in public buildings and not in mosques.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper offers design guidelines that are based on interviews with female users, analysis of well-designed female prayer facilities, observations of users’ behavior, feedback from users on previously developed guidelines that are shared with male prayer facilities, and relevant religious rulings.

Findings
The guidelines address the location of the facility, the zoning and circulation and the design considerations for the prayer space, as well as the reception area and the ablution space. It also recommends a design for an ablution unit that better fits female users. Finally, the paper analyzes an existing design for a female prayer facility in a shopping mall and shows how a change in the design based on this paper’s recommended guidelines can achieve better safety, hygiene and comfort for female users.

Originality/value
The paper focus is new and should trigger the discussion on this aspect of facilities design where needed.
Housing voices: using theatre and film to engage people in later life housing and health conversations
Authors: Bailey Cathy , Forster Natalie , Douglas Barbara , Webster Saaremets Claire , Salamon Esther 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
Quality, accessible and appropriate housing is key to older people’s ability to live independently. The purpose of this paper is to understand older people’s housing aspirations and whether these are currently being met. Evidence suggests one in five households occupied by older people in England does not meet the standard of a decent home. The Building Research Establishment has calculated that poor housing costs the English National Health Service £1,4bn annually (Roys et al., 2016).

Design/methodology/approach
This paper reports on the findings of a participatory theatre approach to engaging with those not often heard from – notably, those ageing without children and older people with primary responsibility for ageing relatives – about planning for housing decisions in later life. The project was led by an older people’s forum, Elders Council, with Skimstone Arts organisation and Northumbria University, in the north east of England.

Findings
Findings suggest there is an urgent need to listen to and engage with people about their later life housing aspirations. There is also a need to use this evidence to inform housing, health and social care policy makers, practitioners, service commissioners and providers and product and service designers, to encourage older people to become informed and plan ahead.

Research limitations/implications
Use of a participatory theatre approach facilitated people to explore their own decision making and identify the types of information and support they need to make critical decisions about their housing in later life. Such insights can generate evidence for future housing, social care and health needs. Findings endorse the recent Communities and Local Government (2018) Select Committee Inquiry and report on Housing for Older People and the need for a national strategy for older people’s housing.

Originality/value
Although this call is evidenced through an English national case study, from within the context of global population ageing, it has international relevance.
Major barriers to the diffusion of bio-digestion technology in Pakistan
Authors: Zainab Atoofa , Liaquat Rabia , Meraj Saadia 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
In Pakistan, a major portion of population resides in rural areas that suffers severe energy shortage for agricultural and domestic need. Bio-digestion technology can play a significant role in the eradication of fuel energy shortage, given the socio-economic condition of rural communities. Despite of the efforts made by government organizations and NGOs for this technology promotion, it is still hampered by limited functionality and low rate of diffusion. Hence, this paper aimed at comprehensive systematic analysis to find out the underlying causes of slow technology dissemination.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, the authors have analyzed the case of bio-digestion technology using the technological innovation system (TIS) approach. They have identified the barriers that effect the widespread technology diffusion followed by studying their impact on each of TIS functional element.

Findings
The authors’ analysis points to the two main root causes which are lack of cohesive coordination between key stakeholders and poor functionality in legitimization, knowledge development and resource mobilization domain.

Practical implications
This paper also provided implications for national policy makers and key stakeholders for the attainment of well-functioning innovation system for bio-digestion technology by removing the existing barriers.

Originality/value
To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that has incorporated the comprehensive framework of TIS in the context of Pakistan to explain the malfunctioning of innovation system that is hindering the technology adoption and dissemination.
The dynamic outcomes of service quality: a longitudinal investigation
Authors: Hussain Khalid , Jing Fengjie , Junaid Muhammad , Bukhari Farasat Ali Shah , Shi Huayu 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to suggest that the effects of service quality (SQ) on outcome variables may shift over time. However, scant attention has been paid to capturing that shift. The current study uses the theory of relationship dynamics to capture the rate and direction of change in the effects of SQ attributes on customer satisfaction (CS) and emotional attachment (EA). For this purpose, the study takes CS-velocity and EA-velocity as dynamic outcomes of SQ.

Design/methodology/approach
A sample of 306 restaurant consumers responded to a structured questionnaire at three points in time. Confirmatory factor analysis was carried out, followed by analysis of the data through latent growth curve modeling using MPlus (Version 8.1).

Findings
SQ attributes positively affect CS and EA, but these effects diminish over time, as SQ attributes negatively influence CS-velocity and EA-velocity. In addition, the study demonstrates that dynamic elements strongly impact behavioral intentions (BI).

Practical implications
The study enables service and relationship marketing managers to better understand the role of SQ attributes in maintaining longitudinal satisfaction, attachment and BI. The insights from this longitudinal investigation help managers to formulate long-term service management and relationship management strategies.

Originality/value
This study is the first attempt to examine SQ’s dynamic outcomes using longitudinal panel data. It is the first study to introduce EA-velocity as a dynamic construct of EA and the first to examine the relationships of CS-velocity and EA-velocity with BI.
Do board interlocks support monitoring effectiveness?
Authors: Handschumacher Franziska , Behrmann Maximilian , Ceschinski Willi , Sassen Remmer 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the relationship between board interlocks and monitoring effectiveness for listed German companies in a context of risk governance. While agency-theory and resource-dependence-theory suggest a positive association between board interlocks and monitoring effectiveness, reasons such as limited temporal resources of busy board members may suggest a negative association.Design/methodology/approachBy using panel data regression, the authors examined the association between board interlocks and monitoring effectiveness, which was approximated by excessive management compensation, pay-for-performance-sensitivity and CEO turnover-performance-sensitivity. The data set comprises 3,998 directorships for 132 listed German companies covering the period 2015-2017.FindingsThe authors find that board interlocks are associated with not only a more excessive management pay and less performance-sensitive turnover but also a higher pay-for-performance-sensitivity.Originality/valueThe study examines the impact of multiple directorships based on a German panel data set that includes both multiple appointments of members to national supervisory boards and all other appointments to national and international executive and supervisory bodies. The authors compile three measures to operationalize monitoring effectiveness.
Age-friendly communities for older persons with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Miskimmin Caley , Shooshtari Shahin , Menec Verena , Duncan Karen A. , Martin Toby , Stoesz Brenda M. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The life expectancy for persons with intellectual disabilities (ID) has increased significantly, resulting in an increasing number of aging persons with ID. To promote healthy and active aging of persons with ID, discussions on new initiatives to design age-friendly communities have begun at local and international levels. The purpose of this paper, a qualitative research study, is to identify features of an age-friendly community, and facilitators and barriers from the perspectives of older adults with mild ID and their caregivers who live in the city of Winnipeg in Canada.

Design/methodology/approach
Seven older persons with mild ID were interviewed, and 15 caregivers participated in focus group discussions. All participants were asked questions about features of community living and their experiences in eight broad topic areas (i.e. transportation, housing, social participation, respect and social inclusion, opportunities for community involvement, communication and information, community support and healthcare services, and outdoor spaces and buildings).

Findings
The results indicated that many of the current features of the city of Winnipeg do not adequately address the needs of aging persons with ID; specifically, participants revealed that issues related to accessibility, social participation, social disrespect and inclusion, and lack of resources were important barriers to independence.

Originality/value
The findings will increase awareness of the needs of aging persons with ID and inform programme planning, service delivery, coordination of community-based services and policies to support healthy and active aging for this vulnerable population.
Assessing ageing patterns for comparative analyses of mortality curves: Going beyond the use of maximum longevity
Authors: Ronget Victor , Gaillard Jean‐Michel 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

An increasing number of studies have investigated the diversity of actuarial senescence (i.e. the increase of mortality with age) and mortality patterns in the wild. Most of these studies used maximum longevity as a metric, and only some of them were based on the analysis of mortality or survival curves. However, maximum longevity is not a reliable metric to assess mortality patterns. Two types of metrics can be distinguished: the metrics of pace that include biological times and describe how long individuals live and the metrics of shape that are dimensionless and describe the form of mortality patterns for a given pace.

We review the use of pace metrics in comparative analyses of mortality curves and actuarial senescence performed so far, with a special focus on longevity metrics. We demonstrate that multiple statistical issues are associated with the use of maximum longevity, although this metric is the most commonly used to analyse actuarial senescence patterns in research fields such as genomics of ageing. We thus argue for using alternative metrics of longevity.

We then propose different metrics of shape and point out the relevance of using several metrics in future comparative analyses of mortality. In particular, two shape metrics can be easily computed from observed distributions of ages at death. We illustrate our approach based on both pace and shape metrics by performing a comparative analysis of actuarial senescence and mortality across 30 species of mammals. The results strongly support the relevance of using shape metrics based on the distribution of the ages at death to assess reliably patterns of mortality. In particular, we found that the pace and the shape of ageing, although statistically independent, could be associated in mammals.

We conclude that the metrics defined from the distribution of ages at death provide a complementary approach to mortality or survival curve analyses and, by offering straightforward standardization, provide a promising tool for future comparative analyses of actuarial senescence and mortality across the tree of life.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Viviparity does not affect the numbers and sizes of reptile offspring
Authors: Meiri Shai , Feldman Anat , Schwarz Rachel , Shine Richard 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Viviparity (live‐bearing) has independently evolved from oviparity (egg‐laying) in more than 100 lineages of squamates (lizards and snakes).

We might expect consequent shifts in selective forces to affect per‐brood reproductive investment (RI = total mass of offspring relative to maternal mass) and in the way in which that output is partitioned (number vs. size of offspring per brood). Based on the assumption that newly born offspring are heavier than eggs, we predicted that live‐bearing must entail either increased RI or a reduction in offspring size and/or fecundity.

However, our phylogenetically controlled analysis of data on 1,259 squamate species revealed no significant differences in mean offspring size, clutch size or RI between oviparous and viviparous squamates.

We attribute this paradoxical result to (1) strong selection on offspring sizes, unaffected by parity mode, (2) the lack of a larval stage in amniotes, favouring large eggs even in the ancestral oviparous mode and (3) the ability of viviparous females to decrease the mass of uterine embryos by reducing extra‐embryonic water stores.

Our analysis shows that squamate eggs (when laid) weigh about the same as the hatchlings that emerge from them (despite a many‐fold increase in embryo mass during incubation). Most of the egg mass is due to components (such as water stores and the eggshell) not required for oviductal incubation. That repackaging enables live‐born offspring to be accommodated within the mother's body without increasing total litter mass.

The consequent stasis in reproductive burden during the evolutionary transition from oviparity to viviparity may have facilitated frequent shifts in parity modes.
The influence of time‐to‐surgery on mortality after a hip fracture
Authors: Kristiansson Johan , Hagberg Eva , Nellgård Bengt 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundThe effect of time‐to‐surgery on mortality in acute hip fracture (AHF) patients has been debated and studies are inconsistent regarding from what time limit mortality starts to increase. At Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal, surgery is recommended within 24 hours leaving little time for pre‐operative optimization. However, internationally the definition of early surgery varies between 24 and 48 hours and over. This retrospective study was initiated to investigate the relation between time‐to‐surgery and 30‐day mortality.MethodData of AHF patients from January 2007 through December 2016 were collected. The variables analysed were: age, gender, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification, surgical method (prosthesis or osteosynthesis) and time‐to‐surgery, along with 30‐day mortality. Primary outcome was 30‐day mortality related to time‐to‐surgery divided into groups. Secondary outcome was 30‐day mortality related to time‐to‐surgery analysed hour‐by‐hour.ResultsFrom 10,844 eligible patients, 9,270 patients were included into the study. Mean time‐to‐surgery was 19.4 hours and overall 30‐day mortality was 7.6%. Adjusted Cox regression analysis revealed an increased mortality rate in patients with time‐to‐surgery >48 hours. In the hour‐by‐hour analysis, significant mortality increase was observed at 39 hours of time‐to‐surgery. Patients with time‐to‐surgery >24 hours did not have increased mortality compared to patients with time‐to‐surgery <24 hours.ConclusionIn AHF patients, a time‐to‐surgery exceeding 39‐48 hours was associated with increased mortality. Patients with surgeries performed before 39‐48 hours did not have increased mortality and this time may, in some patients, be used for optimization prior surgery even if time‐to‐surgery exceeds 24 hours.