bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract P463: Objectively Measured Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity is Associated With Decreased Myosteatosis in African Caribbean Adults
Authors: Miljkovic Iva , Kuipers Allison , Cvejkus Ryan , Wheeler Victor , Zmuda Joseph 
Published: March 2020

Increased skeletal muscle fat infiltration (i.e. myosteatosis) is now recognized as a major risk factor for cardio-metabolic diseases. Therefore, a lifestyle modification that reduces myosteatosis would be of great public health importance. However, studies examining the association of relevant lifestyle factors with this ectopic fat depot are lacking, particularly in African ancestry populations who have a very high burden of cardio-metabolic diseases.

The aim of this study was to examine the relation between objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behavior with computed tomography measured calf muscle attenuation among middle-aged and elderly African-Caribbeans from the population-based Tobago Health Study. Preliminary analyses were conducted among 134 women (mean age 59 yrs, mean BMI 31.6 kg/m
2
) and 355 men (mean age 62 yrs, mean BMI 28 kg/m
2
). Physical activity was measured using the SenseWear Pro armband worn for 4-7 days. We calculated the mean duration of waking time engaged in light physical activity (LPA), moderate to vigorous activity (MVPA), and sedentary behavior (SB) per day. Skeletal muscle attenuation (mg/cm
3
) reflects the fat content of the muscle such that greater skeletal muscle fat infiltration is reflected by lower attenuation.

Women spent less time in LPA (146 vs. 270 min/day) and MVPA (15 vs. 41 min/day), but more time in SB (789 vs. 647 min/day) than men (all p<0.0001) after adjustments for gender differences in age. Muscle attenuation was lower among women compared with men (70.5 vs. 72.7 mg/cm3; age and BMI adjusted p<0.0001). In both women and men, muscle attenuation was positively correlated with the LPA and MVPA, and inversely with time spent in SB (spearman correlation coefficients (r) ranged from 0.21 to 0.39, all p<0.006 adjusted for age). Upon additional adjustment for BMI, in both women and men, the association of muscle attenuation with MVPA remained significant (r=0.21 and r=0.18, respectively, both p<0.03), but there was no association with LPA. Percent time spent in SB was associated with muscle attenuation only among women after additional adjustment for BMI (women: -0.16, p=0.052), and we also found a significant sex interaction effect of SB on muscle attenuation (p=0.035).
Our preliminary findings suggest that there is significant association between MVPA and myosteatosis among middle-aged and elderly African Caribbeans. However, SB may only be relevant for myosteatosis among women. Future analyses will be conducted in a larger sample from this cohort to confirm our findings and to test for independence from other potential confounding factors, such as diet, sleep patterns, adiposity distribution, and diabetes.
Trends in Acute Myocardial Infarction by Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Chi Gloria C. , Kanter Michael H. , Li Bonnie H. , Qian Lei , Reading Stephanie R. , Harrison Teresa N. , Jacobsen Steven J. , Scott Ronald D. , Cavendish Jeffrey J. , Lawrence Jean M. , Tartof Sara Y. , Reynolds Kristi 
Published: March 2020

Background
Trends in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) incidence rates for diverse races/ethnicities are largely unknown, presenting barriers to understanding the role of race/ethnicity in AMI occurrence.

Methods and Results
We identified AMI hospitalizations for Kaiser Permanente Southern California members, aged ≥35 years, during 2000 to 2014 using discharge diagnostic codes. We excluded hospitalizations with missing race/ethnicity information. We calculated annual incidence rates (age and sex standardized to the 2010 US census population) for AMI, ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction, and non–ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction by race/ethnicity (Hispanic and non‐Hispanic racial groups: Asian or Pacific Islander, black, and white). Using Poisson regression, we estimated annual percentage change in AMI, non–ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction, and ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction incidence by race/ethnicity and AMI incidence rate ratios between race/ethnicity pairs, adjusting for age and sex. We included 18 630 776 person‐years of observation and identified 44 142 AMI hospitalizations. During 2000 to 2014, declines in AMI, non–ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction, and ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction were 48.7%, 34.2%, and 69.8%, respectively. Age‐ and sex‐standardized AMI hospitalization rates/100 000 person‐years declined for Hispanics (from 307 to 162), Asians or Pacific Islanders (from 271 to 158), blacks (from 347 to 199), and whites (from 376 to 189). Annual percentage changes ranged from −2.99% to −4.75%, except for blacks, whose annual percentage change was −5.32% during 2000 to 2009 and −1.03% during 2010 to 2014.

Conclusions
During 2000 to 2014, AMI, non–ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction, and ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction hospitalization incidence rates declined substantially for each race/ethnic group. Despite narrowing rates among races/ethnicities, differences persist. Understanding these differences can help identify unmet needs in AMI prevention and management to guide targeted interventions.
Assessment of Treatment Outcome of Presurgical Nasoalveolar Molding in Patients With Cleft Lip and Palate and Its Postsurgical Stability
Authors: Bhutiani Neha , Tripathi Tulika , Verma Mahesh , Bhandari Padam Singh , Rai Priyank 
Published: March 2020

Objective: To analyze the effects of presurgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM) in newborns with cleft lip and palate and evaluate its postsurgical stability at 1-year follow-up using a nasal stent. Design: Prospective clinical trial. Setting: Department of Orthodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, Delhi. Patients: Patients with cleft lip and palate of 0 to 6 months. Sample size 25 recruited, 16 satisfactorily completed the procedure. Interventions: Presurgical nasoalveolar molding done as indicated in all the patients. Postsurgical external nasal stents were given for 1 year to maintain the nasal correction. Main Outcome Measures: Changes in cleft defect and maxillary arch were recorded pre- and post-PNAM. Changes in nasal morphological parameters assessed pre- and post-PNAM and 1 year after surgical repair following the use of nasal stent. Results: There was a significant reduction in cleft defect assessed both intraorally ( 4.16 mm) and extra orally ( 4.42 mm) at the end of PNAM therapy (average treatment time 4 months). The nasal morphology improved with an increase in columella height (1.5 mm) and reduction in columella width. Bialar width reduced (2.90 mm) with an increase in nostril height ( 2.10 mm). Better symmetry was achieved in all cases as the nostril height and width difference changed significantly pre- and post-nasoalveolar molding. The percentage increase in columella height was greater for infants less than 6 weeks. Conclusions: Presurgical nasoalveolar molding considerably reduces the cleft gap and improves arch form making surgical union easier along with improved nasal morphology which can be maintained at 1-year postsurgery by use of a postsurgical external nasal stent.
Ultrasound-guided proximal versus distal axillary vein puncture in elderly patients: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Hai-Yan , Sheng Ruan-Mei , Gao Yan-Ding , Wang Xue-Min , Zhao Wen-Biao 
Published: March 2020

Background: Ultrasound-guided axillary vein catheterization is now widely used in hospital, but it remains uncertain whether the distal axillary vein approach is more beneficial for seniors than the proximal axillary vein approach. This study aims to compare the puncture success rate and anatomical characteristics between these two approaches. Methods: Senior patients requiring central venous catheterization were enrolled and randomized to the proximal axillary vein group ( n = 49) or the distal axillary vein group ( n = 50). Proximal axillary vein and distal axillary vein location time, venous depth, maximum diameter, and collapse index (defined as the percentage change in vein width caused by respiration) were recorded for all patients. The rate of puncture success and operation time were compared between groups. Results: Mean venous depth was 1.93 ± 0.45 cm for proximal axillary vein and 1.79 ± 0.46 cm for distal axillary vein ( p < 0.001). Maximum diameter was 0.80 ± 0.33 cm for proximal axillary vein and 0.61 ± 0.33 cm for distal axillary vein ( p < 0.001). Collapse indices were 20% ± 27% and 56% ± 34%, respectively ( p < 0.001). Also, location time was significantly shorter for proximal axillary vein than for distal axillary vein ( p < 0.001). One attempt and overall success rates were significantly higher in the proximal axillary vein group, compared with the distal axillary vein group (71.4% vs 42.0%, p = 0.003; 79.6% vs 54.0%, p = 0.007). Conclusion: For catheterization under ultrasound guidance in elderly patients, the proximal axillary vein approach is superior to the distal axillary vein approach.
Successful endovascular therapy for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis accompanied by heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Fukushima Yoshihisa , Takahashi Kenji , Nakahara Ichiro 
Published: March 2020

Introduction Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an immune-mediated complication of heparin exposure. A limited number of studies have reported cerebral venous sinus thrombosis accompanied by heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Here, we present a case of successful endovascular therapy (EVT) without periprocedural heparinization in this situation. Case presentation A 47-year-old woman taking an oral contraceptive was admitted to our hospital with severe headache to be diagnosed as cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Initially, she got improved by medical treatment with intravenous unfractionated heparin. However, she rapidly developed disturbance of consciousness and right hemiplegia due to cerebral venous sinus thrombosis accompanied by heparin-induced thrombocytopenia on the 14th hospital day. She underwent emergent EVT by immediate conversion of anticoagulation from heparin to argatroban. Despite a large clot burden, sufficient recanalization and anterograde venous drainage were re-established by combined EVT including aspiration, balloon sinoplasty, and local thrombolysis with urokinase infusion. She got improved immediately after the intervention and discharged home without any neurological sequelae after two months. Conclusion This unique case of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis worsened by occurrence of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia during the treatment finally resulted in excellent outcome highlights effectiveness of emergent endovascular intervention for critical cerebral venous sinus thrombosis resistant to initial medical treatment and of immediate establishment of effective anticoagulant strategy for both of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Neuroendovascular therapy for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis using alternative argatroban to heparin for periprocedural anticoagulation might be safe and feasible.
Extraction With Sweat-Sebum Emulsion as a New Test Method for Leachables in Patch-Based Medical Devices, Illustrated by Assessment of Isobornylacrylate (IBOA) in Diabetes Products
Authors: Fink Herbert , de Barros Fernandes Nuno M. , Weissmann Jörg , Frey Manfred 
Published: March 2020

Background: The increasing offering of patch-based medical devices is accompanied by growing numbers of reported adverse skin reactions. Procedures for testing leachables according to ISO 10993 may not be optimal for lipophilic substances that can be mobilized on skin by sweat and sebum. We propose an improved extraction method for targeted analysis of leachables using low volumes of a sweat-sebum emulsion. The approach is illustrated by the analysis of isobornylacrylate (IBOA), a compound found in some devices and suspected for allergenic potential. Method: Three patch-based products were tested: an implantable device for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), an intermittently scanned CGM (isCGM) device, and a micro-insulin pump. Quantification of IBOA was performed by gas chromatography and allergenic potential of IBOA levels was assessed by the KeratinoSens cell assay. Different combinations were used for extraction solvent (isopropanol, 5% ethanol-water solution, and sweat-sebum emulsion), extraction volumes (complete immersion vs partial immersion in 2 mm of solvent), and extraction time (3, 5, and 14 days). Results: Isobornylacrylate was only found in the isCGM device. About 20 mg/L IBOA were eluted after 3 days in isopropanol but only about 1 mg/L in ethanol-water. Sweat-sebum emulsion dissolves IBOA better and gives a more stable solution than ethanol-water. Decomposition of IBOA solutions requires adjusted extraction timing or correction of results. In the sweat-sebum extract, IBOA levels were about 20 mg/L after 3 days and about 30 mg/L after 5 days, clearly above the threshold found in the KerationSens assay for keratinocyte activation (10 mg/L). Conclusion: Extraction by low volumes of sweat-sebum emulsion can be a superior alternative for the targeted simulating-use assessment of leachables in patch-based medical devices.
Benefits from hazards, benefits from nothing, and benefits from benefits: the combined effects of five quaternary ammonium compounds to Vibrio qinghaiensis Q67
Authors: Mo Ling-Yun , Liu Yong-An , Zhu Jie , Qin Li-Tang , Liang Yan-Peng , Zeng Hong-Hu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Co-exposure of multiple quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) is widely present in the aquatic environment. The knowledge about their toxicities to microorganism at low concentration is lacking. This study aims to test the toxic response of Vibrio qinghaiensis Q67 (12-h exposure) to individual and mixtures of QACs by the long-term microplate toxicity analysis method (L-MTA).

Results
Hormetic effects were observed for five individual QACs at 12-h exposure of Vibrio qinghaiensis Q67. The maximum stimulation effect of − 339.66% was present in the 0.00561 mol/L tetraethylammonium bromide solution. A stimulation effect (− 23.55%) was detected when each of QACs in the five-component mixture was present at 50% effect concentration (“benefits from hazards”). In addition, significant stimulation effects (− 96.28%) were observed for five QACs combined at the zero-effect point concentration (“benefits from nothing”). Further, a significant stimulation effect (− 406.16%) was observed when each of QACs was co-exposed at its maximum stimulation effect concentration. This phenomenon was termed “benefits from benefits”.

Conclusions
The results suggest that both single and mixture of QACs presented hormetic effects. Benefits from hazards, benefits from nothing, and benefits from benefits were observed for the QACs mixtures.
Mobility styles and car sharing use in Europe: attitudes, behaviours, motives and sustainability
Authors: Ramos Érika Martins Silva , Bergstad Cecilia Jakobsson , Chicco Andrea , Diana Marco 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWhat are the profiles of both users and non-users of car sharing in European cities regarding their travel patterns and psychological aspects? Two subsamples (1519 users and 3695 non-users of car sharing) participated in a survey, translated into seven languages, with 36 questions regarding attitudes towards car sharing, the environment, political orientation, personal norms, frequency of use of different transport modes and transport mode choice for different travel purposes. Through a hierarchical cluster analysis, five distinct mobility styles were identified, with no a priori restriction of the number of clusters. The mobility styles were further characterised by sociodemographic variables and by the motives for making use of car sharing. This paper discusses the implications of research based decision-making and urban planning in a way that guarantees long-term human and environmental security.
Genome-wide identification of CNGC genes in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) and ZjCNGC2 mediated signalling cascades in response to cold stress
Authors: Wang Lixin , Li Min , Liu Zhiguo , Dai Li , Zhang Mengling , Wang Lili , Zhao Jin , Liu Mengjun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundsCyclic nucleotide gated channels (CNGCs) play multifaceted roles in plant physiological processes, especially with respect to signalling processes, plant development, and responses to environmental stresses. However, little information is known about the CNGC family in the large cosmopolitan familyRhamnaceae, which has strong tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses.ResultsIn the current study, a total of 15ZjCNGCswhich located on 7 chromosomes were firstly identified in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujubaMill.), the most important species ofRhamnaceaein terms of economic and ecological values. Phylogenetic analysis showed that theseZjCNGCscould be classified into four groups,ZjCNGC12belonged to group IVA, andZjCNGC13,14,15belonged to group IVB. In addition, the paralogous and orthologous homology duplication ofZjCNGC15occurred during the evolutionary process. The characteristics ofZjCNGCsregarding to exon-intron numbers and post-translational modifications showed diversified structures and functions. Motif composition and protein sequence analysis revealed that the phosphate-binding cassette and hinge regions were conserved among ZjCNGCs. Prediction of thecis-acting regulatory elements and expression profiles by real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that some of theZjCNGCsresponded to environmental changes, especiallyZjCNGC2, which was significantly downregulated in response to cold stress, andZjCNGC4was highly induced in response to cold, salt and alkaline stresses.ZjCNGC13and14were highly induced in the phytoplasma-resistant cultivar and downregulated in the susceptible cultivar. Furthermore,ZjCNGC2could be regulated by cAMP treatment, microtubule changes and interact with ZjMAPKK4, which suggested that cAMP and microtubule might play important roles inZjCNGC2mediatedZjMAPKK4signalling transduction involved in cold stress.ConclusionsThe identification and classification analysis ofZjCNGCswere firstly reported, and some key individualZjCNGCsmight play essential roles in the response to biotic and abiotic stresses, especiallyZjCNGC2mediatedZjMAPKK4signalling transduction involved in cold stress. This systematic analysis could provide important information for further functional characterization ofZjCNGCswith the aim of breeding stress-resistant cultivars.
Enterococcus faecalis-associated lung abscess in a male adolescent- a case report
Authors: Mendes Ana Raquel , Costa António , Ferreira Helena , Ferreira Cristina 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Enterococci are rarely considered pulmonary pathogens; they are usually regarded as colonizers of the airway. The authors present the case of a previously healthy male adolescent, with complaints of fatigue and chest pain, who was diagnosed with Enterococcus faecalis-associated acute primary lung abscess.

Case presentation
A previously healthy 17-year old boy was admitted to the pediatric ward due to a one-week history of fatigue, inspiratory left side chest pain, dry cough and nasal obstruction. On admission at the emergency department, he was afebrile, with no signs of respiratory distress, but with diminished breath sounds on the left side. A chest x-ray showed a round opacity on the posterior basal segment of the left lower lobe; he was discharged with oral amoxicillin 1000 mg three times a day with the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia. Due to the worsening of the productive cough with purulent stinking sputum he was re-evaluated after 4 days. Laboratory studies showed a leukocyte count of 15200/uL and a c-reactive protein of 172 mg/l. The chest computed tomography scan was suggestive of a consolidation of the left lower lobe base and a central abscess. An intravenous course of ceftriaxone and clindamycin was initiated, with a favourable clinical evolution. The bronchofibroscopy performed on day four after his admission revealed the presence of a tracheal bronchus and numerous purulent secretions. Culture examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples was positive (> 10^5) for Enterococcus faecalis. No complications were registered during his stay in the pediatric ward. He was discharged after a 14-day course of intravenous ceftriaxone and clindamycin, with the recommendation to complete a four-week course of oral amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. On his reevaluation 4 weeks after his discharge, he was asymptomatic.

Conclusion
This case report highlights the importance of considering Enterococcus faecalis as an etiologic agent in cases of non-resolving or complicated cases of pneumonia, such as lung abscesses, even in young patients with no comorbidities or risk factors.
Development and validation of knowledge, attitude and practice questionnaire for prevention of respiratory tract infections among Malaysian Hajj pilgrims
Authors: Goni Mohammed Dauda , Naing Nyi Nyi , Hasan Habsah , Wan-Arfah Nadiah , Deris Zakuan Zainy , Arifin Wan Nor , Hussin Tengku Mohammad Ariff Raja , Abdulrahman Abdulwali Sabo , Baaba Aisha Abubakar , Arshad Muhammad Rafie 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Hajj pilgrimage faces numerous challenges including a high prevalence of respiratory tract infection as well as its prevention strategies. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) towards respiratory tract infections (RTIs) prevention among Malaysian Hajj pilgrims.

Methods
This study was conducted among Malaysian Umrah pilgrims in Malaysia from Kuala Lumpur and Kelantan. The questionnaire then underwent a series of validation process that included content, face validity and exploratory part. Item response theory (IRT) analysis was utilized for the validation of the knowledge domain. The attitude and practice were validated using the exploratory factor analysis (EFA).

Results
The validation process resulted in a questionnaire that comprised of four main sections: demography, knowledge, attitude, and practice. Following IRT analysis of the knowledge domain, all items analyzed were within the acceptable range of difficulty and discrimination. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy (KMO) was 0.72 and 0.84 for attitude and practice domain respectively and Bartlett’s test of Sphericity for both domains were highly significant (P < 0.001). The factor analysis resulted in two factors with total of 12 items in attitude domain, and 2 factors with total of 13 items in the practice domain with satisfactory factor loading (> 0.3). The Cronbach’s alpha for reliability of the knowledge, attitude and practice domains all showed acceptable values of > 0.6 (0.92, 0.77 and 0.85).

Conclusion
The findings of this validation and reliability study showed that the developed questionnaire had a satisfactory psychometric property for measuring KAP of Malaysian Hajj pilgrims.