bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Religious review of Human Organs marketing, And donating status
Authors: Haris Ullah  , Hussain Dr. Hafiz Zafar 
Published: July 2020

This paper reviews some standpoints, deep research material and learning keys about organs transplantation, their donation and their economic status in light of Islamic teachings according to Quran, Sunnah, and fiqh(Mazahib e Arba). As we know that Organs transplantation in not a 20th century novelty. Indeed, it was known in one form or another even in prehistoric times. Ancient Hindu surgeons described methods for repai­ring defects of the nose and ears using auto grafts from the neighboring skin, a technique that remains to the present day. Susruta Sanhita, an old Indian medical document written in 700 BC, described the procedure later emulated by the Italian Tagliacozzi in the 16th century, and by British surgeons working in India in the 17th and 18th centuries, Now we also have to learn that if organs transplantation is a method that save humans life then on another hand it may open a wide gateway towards the human kidnapping and their killing crimes, just for earning some money which strongly effect human morals and its society, so that’s why Islam doesn’t support organ transplantation and their donation in each and every case except in some rare conditions which are mentioned in this article.
Balakot resurgence of conflict and religious, scholarly analysis
Authors: Sultana Dr. Iram , Kalsoom BiBi  , Dost Muhammad  
Published: July 2020

Allah initiates the establishment of attainment and achievement, so beginning of one and the same code decreed for mankind is Allah in his rulings, or else its always failure. Simultaneously, it is decreed that they also code everything, even commands and forbidden things and relays it to humans through prophecy, Allah does not speak to everyone directly. So the beginning of prophecy series was done by Hazrat Adam (A.S) and end of the destiny was done by Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ. During Sixty three years of his life in peace He took the process to highest reaching stars, and testimony of the companions of the Prophet's legacy at Hija-tul-wada is a proof. Responsibility for the mission was inherited by scholars who comprehensively handled it in every time and place. Syed Ahmed Shaheed was a renowned member of the same party. His great achievement is that the religion of Muhammad and his followers renewed Sunni embraces it while the first stages, has led to emigration and jihad, that's your secret of success in the eyes of Muslims lies in the same. To achieve this goal, He selected great northwest, NWFP as center of militant activity. Thanks to Allah Almighty whose support and help led to successive victories and made practical implementation of the system possible. Revivalist movement that was near to illuminates the whole country, but people personal interests, greed and love for wealth and splendor began to pursue than the movement turned towards the Valley of Hazara and the final battle was fought here in Balakot too and he received martyrdom. Death of the martyr is the life of nation. Manifestation of the countless Islamic revivalist movement in the sub region which exist today did not deny anyone.
Análisis de decisión multi-criterio, aportes para una gestión sostenible del territorio rural del Partido de Balcarce
Authors: Auer Alejandra , Natinzon Paula , Murillo Natalia , Manchado Juan Carlos 
Published: July 2020

El territorio rural se está volviendo más homogéneo debido a ciertas fuerzas impulsoras como la intensificación agrícola que genera conflictos por el uso del suelo. Para modificar los desequilibrios territoriales se requiere de un proceso de gestión rural estratégico y consensuado. El objetivo fue analizar cuatro alternativas de uso del suelo a través de un método de análisis multi-criterio para el partido de Balcarce en el sudeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Las mismas se evaluaron a partir de la información de nueve criterios que abarcan las dimensiones de la sostenibilidad y bajo las preferencias de siete tomadores de decisiones, cinco con pesos simulados y dos con pesos obtenidos a partir de la consulta a personas relacionadas a la gestión del territorio y al sector académico. Los resultados muestran que ambos grupos de decisores consultados dieron un peso similar a los criterios, excepto que el sector académico ponderó menos la dimensión ecológica. La alternativa con una visión integral del territorio rural muestra en la mayoría de los casos el mejor resultado. La metodología muestra ser adecuada para la gestión del territorio rural.
Abstract
Rural territory is becoming more homogeneous due to different drive forces, such as agricultural intensification, generating land use conflicts. Strategic and consensual rural management process is needed to modify these territorial imbalances. Our aim was to analyse four contrasting land use alternatives considering nine criteria that cover all sustainability dimensions through a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis approach, for the rural area of Balcarce, Argentina. They were evaluated based on the information of nine criteria that cover the dimensions of sustainability and under the preferences of seven decision makers, five with simulated weights and two with weights obtained from consulting people related to the natural resources management and the academic sector. Results show that both decision makers interviewed gave similar weight to criteria, except that academic weighted less ecological dimension. The alternative with an integral vision of territory shows in most cases the best result for all cases. The methodology shows to be suitable for rural planning.
Editorial
Authors: Ambientales Equipo Editorial Revista Estudios 
Published: July 2020

Estimados colegas y lectores: la Revista Estudios Ambientales (REA) agradece los trabajos que se presentan en el presente número e invita a quienes deseen publicar sus artículos y comunicaciones no las envíen a través del mail de contacto o desde la plataforma OJS de la revista.
El primer número 2020 publica 5 trabajos orientados a investigar temas claves, y de debate permanente: la educación ambiental en el ámbito universitario, la modelización de eventos hídricos, la valoración económica de servicios ecosistémicos de interés turístico, el análisis multicriterio para la toma de decisiones en el ámbito rural y el arbolado urbano como elemento que favorece funciones ecológicas específicas.
Esperamos que colegas y lectores otorguen relevancia a las producciones del presente número. Los saludamos muy cordialmente.
Effect of toxicity in Folsomia candida by the use of fungicide and insecticide in subtropical soil
Authors: Giordani Isabela Aparecida , Busatta Eduarda , Bonfim Elizeu , Oliveira Filho Luís Carlos Iuñes , Baretta Dilmar , Baretta Carolina Riviera Duarte Maluche 
Published: July 2020

Pesticides are widely used for control and prevention against agricultural pests and diseases. The use of these products can negatively affect non-target organisms with important role in soil such as springtails. The present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of two commercial formulations of pesticides on soil fauna using the springtail Folsomia candida. A natural soil classified as Inceptisol, characteristic of the western region of the Santa Catarina State, was used. The treatments in both tests consisted of six concentrations of the fungicide Comet® (a.i. pyraclostrobin) (0.35; 0.70; 1.40; 2.10; 2.80 and 4.00 mg kg-1 of soil) and of the fungicide + insecticide Standak®Top (a.i. pyraclostrobin + thiophanate-methyl + fipronil) (0.20; 0.60; 1.20; 1.80; 2.40 and 3.00 mg kg-1 soil), plus the control treatment. Acute and chronic tests were carried out following ISO guidelines. Both products proved to be toxic to the evaluated species. Lethality effects were observed in relation to the control of the organisms exposed to low concentrations of the fungicide (0.35 mg kg-1 soil); while for the fungicide + insecticide formulation, lethality was observed at higher concentrations, from 2.40 mg kg-1 soil (LC50 > 3.00 mg kg-1 soil). The reproductive rate was affected only in organisms exposed to the fungicide, with a reduction in the number of juveniles at concentration from 4.00 mg kg-1 soil, with EC20 of 3.38 mg kg-1 soil (2.79–3.96). The results indicate that springtails are sensitive to the tested products, especially to the fungicide that contains the highest concentration of pyraclostrobin in the composition.
EFL Learning Motivation: Lifelong Enjoyment
Authors: Todaka Yuichi 
Published: July 2020

This study is part of a five-year consecutive study designed to help college freshmen change their view of English learning as a tedious activity to one where they see it as a lifelong enriching experience. In the first two studies we focused on self-efficacy sources. In the third study we added focus on the development of future EFL selves with image training. We then shifted our attention toward the establishment of concrete and fun English study reasons that are associated with students' hobbies and interests using YouTube videos as authentic learning support material outside the classroom. In these studies we were able to help our students improve their English listening skills during the spring semester, but those students were unable to maintain that proficiency level over the summer breaks or during the subsequent fall semester. Thus, in this present study, we added explicit instruction on how to access and make use of certain YouTube sites in order to improve English listening skills. Based on our findings, this most recent method helped our freshmen significantly improve their English skills, even during the spring semester and summer break, and for the most part improve their English listening skills during the fall semester as well.
Stone clearance times with mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy: Comparison of a 1.5 mm ballistic/ultrasonic mini-probe vs. laser
Authors: Timm Brennan , Farag Matthew , Davis Niall F. , Webb David , Angus David , Troy Andrew , Bolton Damien , Jack Gregory 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: A limitation of mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mPCNL) is the narrow working channel of mini-nephroscopes, typically restricting instrumentation to 5 F or smaller. We evaluated the efficacy of the 1.5 mm Swiss Lithoclast® Trilogy (Trilogy) rigid probe and compared the results to consecutive cases performed with a 30 W Holmium:YAG (Ho:YAG) laser.
Methods: A retrospective review of 30 consecutive mPCNL cases using the Trilogy and 30 W Holmium laser was performed. A 12-French (F) MIPS nephroscope with a 16.5 F access sheath and 6.7 F working channel was used for all mPCNL cases. The Trilogy was used with a disposable 1.5 mm x 440 mm probe with dual ultrasonic and ballistic energy. The Ho:YAG laser was used with a 550 micron fibre and a maximum of 30 W. Stone clearance time (SCT) was defined by the total time interval between activation of the lithotripter until insertion of the nephrostomy tube and measured in mm2/minutes. SCT included time for fragment retrieval, equipment adjustments, and rigid and flexible nephroscopy during and after lithotripsy.
Results: Eleven cases using a 1.5 mm Trilogy probe and 16 cases using a Ho:YAG laser met final inclusion criteria. Three cases using the Trilogy were excluded from final analysis due to conversion to alternative energy sources — two of those were upsized to standard PCNL and one was converted to laser. Mean stone diameter and density in the final Trilogy cohort was 26.7 mm and 1193 Hounsfield units (HU). Mean diameter and density in the laser cohort was 25.2 mm and 1049 HU. The mean stone area clearance time for Trilogy was 4.7±1.8 mm2/minute vs. 3.4±0.7 mm2/minute with Ho:YAG laser (p=0.21). For hard stones, defined as density >1000 HU, the Trilogy averaged 3.7±1.6 mm2/minutes, while the laser averaged 3.1±1.3 mm2/minutes (p=0.786). For soft stones, defined as <1000 HU, the Trilogy averaged 8.9±1.0 mm2/minutes compared to the Ho:YAG, which averaged 3.6±1.8mm2/minutes (p=0.019). No device0related complications occurred in either cohort.
Conclusions: The 1.5 mm mPCNL Trilogy probe was comparable to 30 W Ho:YAG laser for clearing hard stones. The Trilogy performed better than laser on soft stones with a HU density <1000 HU.
Comparison of micro-ultrasound and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for prostate cancer: A multicenter, prospective analysis
Authors: Klotz Laurence , Lughezzani Giovanni , Maffei Davide , Sanchez Andrea , Pereira Jose Gregorio , Staerman Frederic , Cash Hannes , Luger Ferdinand , Lopez Laurent , Sanchez-Salas Rafael , Abouassally Rob , Shore Neal D. , Eure Greg 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: High-resolution micro-ultrasound has the capability of imaging prostate cancer based on detecting alterations in ductal anatomy, analogous to multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI). This technology has the potential advantages of relatively low cost, simplicity, and accessibility compared to mpMRI. This multicenter, prospective registry aims to compare the sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) of mpMRI with high-resolution micro-ultrasound imaging for the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer.
Methods: We included 1040 subjects at 11 sites in seven countries who had prior mpMRI and underwent ExactVu micro-ultrasound-guided biopsy. Biopsies were taken from both mpMRI targets (PI-RADS >3 and micro-ultrasound targets (PRIMUS >3). Systematic biopsies (up to 14 cores) were also performed. Various strategies were used for mpMRI target sampling, including cognitive fusion with micro-ultrasound, separate software-fusion systems, and software-fusion using the micro-ultrasound FusionVu system. Clinically significant cancer was those with Gleason grade group ≥2.
Results: Overall, 39.5% were positive for clinically significant prostate cancer. Micro-ultrasound and mpMRI sensitivity was 94% vs. 90%, respectively (p=0.03), and NPV was 85% vs. 77%, respectively. Specificities of micro-ultrasound and MRI were both 22%, with similar PPV (44% vs. 43%). This represents the initial experience with the technology at most of the participating sites and, therefore, incorporates a learning curve. Number of cores, diagnostic strategy, blinding to MRI results, and experience varied between sites.
Conclusions: In this initial multicenter registry, micro-ultrasound had comparable or higher sensitivity for clinically significant prostate cancer compared to mpMRI, with similar specificity. Micro-ultrasound is a low-cost, single-session option for prostate screening and targeted biopsy. Further larger-scale studies are required for validation of these findings.
Aflatoxins, Dairy Products Contamination in the Incidence and Development of Diseases in Children Population – A Short Systematic Review
Authors: Reis Francisco José Mendes Dos , Ramos Eliza Miranda , Barbosa Antonio Marcos Jacques , Arakaki Daniela Granja , Nascimento Valter Aragão Do 
Published: July 2020

Aims: This study aimed to characterize a profile according to a systematic review when addressing the acute effects and side effects on child health and the importance of preventive measures for controlling food in the presence of aflatoxins and mycotoxins.
Methods: The method used was a systematic review. We conducted a systematic review of the SCOPUS, PUBMED, COCHRANE databases to identify all potential publications between the years 2005 and 2018. At the same time, short and extended abstracts were excluded. The language of the studies was in English and Portuguese. After this process, the selected articles were examined and the data extracted for analysis were 05 articles.
Results: The initial search resulted in 289 randomized experimental articles. the presence of liver cancer is represented as the primary effect of chronic toxicity related to high dose intake in an ordinary matter. The aflatoxins B1 promotes the formation of hepatocellular carcinoma and it can occur with lower doses than the standard established of 30 µg/kg.
Conclusion: This systematic review shows the need for food control regarding aflatoxins contamination, especially food targeting children, once the health damages can occur in both acute and chronic exposures, bringing growth and development impairment due to immune system disorders and frequent infections.
Nonparametric Methods for the Nondecreasing Ordered Hypothesis in a Mixed Design
Authors: Alnssyan Badr , Magel Rhonda C. 
Published: July 2020

Aims: Introduce two new test statistics in testing for the nondecreasing alternative in a mixed design consisting of a Completely Randomized Portion and a Randomized Complete Block Portion.
Study Design: Simulation study comparing four test statistics for the nondecreasing alternative in a mixed design consisting of a CRD and an RCBD portion. The test statistics included two new test statistics and two existing test statistics. Random samples were taken from three different types of underlying distributions. Different percentages of the CRD portion will be considered as well as different sample sizes. Powers were estimated based on a variety location parameter shifts. Three, four, and five populations were considered.
Place and Duration of Study: The simulation study took place on the campus of North Dakota State University during the calendar year 2019.
Methodology: Levels of significance for each of the three types of underlying distributions, when the RCBD portion was larger than the CRD portion, when the CRD portion was larger than the RCBD portion, and when the CRD portion was equal to the RCBD portion, and when the number of populations were 3, 4, and 5.
Results: Regardless of the underlying population types, the proposed test statistics did better than the existing test statistics when the difference between the last two parameters is large. This was true for 3, 4, and 5 populations.
Conclusion: When the differences between the last two parameters is large, the two new test statistics performed better. Otherwise, the existing test statistics are better. In both cases, it is better to use the combined test statistic that first standardizes the individual test statistics for the CRD and RCBD portions before adding them together.
Foreign Policy Analysis: A Theoretical Assessment of U.S.-China Military Relations
Authors: Adebayo Tomiwa Sunday , Ovuakporaye Victor Adjarho 
Published: July 2020

Bringing together two nations that are so disconnected from culture and history was a major task. China's attempts to develop a new kind of great power relationship and a 'new type of military-to-military relationship with the United State is not a major turning point. Political relations place restrictions for military cooperation and the two countries were unable to establish a viable strategic relationship. That has attributed to a trend in military ties which is on and off. Trends show a level of frequent interruptions in military-to-military interactions between 2000 and 2010, accompanied by a rise in relationships starting in 2012 to date. However, hurdles on both ends are likely to restrict mutual understanding and inhibit the advancement of military-to-military ties in the future. The issue of Taiwan, China behaviors in the SCS, and its hegemony in the region were too insignificant to form a foundation for a permanent partnership.
Adsorption of Copper Ions (Cu++) in Aqueous Solution Using Activated Carbon and Biosorbent from Indian Jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana) Seed Hulls
Authors: Massai Harouna , Raphael Djakba , Sali Mouhamadou 
Published: July 2020

The present work aimed at mitigating the level of copper ions (Cu++) by adsorption in aqueous solution using activated carbon powder (AC) and biosorbent (BS) from the Indian jujube seed hulls. The AC and BS were prepared from the Indian jujube seed hulls and characterized using standard procedures. In addition, the adsorption effects of Indian jujube seed hulls through the AC and BS were carried out using jar test experiment (batch mode) at different pH (1, 2, 3, and 4), ionic strengths (100-600 mg/L) and stirring speed (120rpm). Therefore, it was found that the adsorption time at equilibrium were 10 and 5 minutes respectively for the AC and the BS. Furthermore, it was found that the reduction of copper ions were 99.40% and 73.08% for aqueous solutions of 100 ppm and 500 ppm respectively at the equilibrium state. It was also revealed that when the mass of the AC or the BS increases, the quantities of ions adsorbed per gram decrease. The maximum pH of adsorption for the AC was found to be pH=1, while it was found to be pH=4 for the BS. The Freundlich model indicated that the adsorption of copper ions by the Indian jujube is linear while the Temkin and Dubinin-Kagana-Radushkevich models described the adsorption as a physical reaction. It was finally observed that the adsorption of copper ions by the AC and the BS from Indian jujube seed hulls influenced by the addition of some concentration of NaCl.
Micropropagation of Salacia macrosperma Wight - An Endemic Medicinal Plant of Western Ghats
Authors: Mahendra C. , Sudarshana M. S. 
Published: July 2020

Salacia macrosperma Wight. - a potent medicinal plant facing the verge of rare and endemic status in the Western Ghats region of southern India. The effective protocol has been standardized for callus induction and multiple shoot regeneration using leaf and nodal explants. The Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium fortified with various plant growth regulators like 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), Benzyl amino purine (BAP), Thidiazuron (TDZ), Indole acetic acid (IAA), Kinetin (Kn), Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and Indole butyric acid (IBA). The leaf explants produced more calli than nodal explants in MS medium supplemented with 2, 4-D and BAP in combination than individual hormones. Likewise, MS medium with 1.5 mg L-1of 2, 4-D, 2.5 mg L-1 of BAP and 1.5 mg L-1of TDZ along with 1% activated charcoal was apt for multiple shoot regeneration (93.33%) from nodal explants with slight embryogenic callus. Further, each developed plantlets were produced maximum rhizogenesis in liquid MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1 of IAA. Furthermore, the cytological study of embryogenic callus revealed variations in callus cells such as multinucleate, multi-nucleolate, cytodifferentiation, chromosomal bridges were noticed, besides normal dividing stages. Further, by scanning electron micrograph (SEM) analysis of embryogenic callus different stages of morphogenic developmental features were recorded.