bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Newmark’s Translation Methods in Translating Forman’s Novel 'I Was Here' from English into Indonesian
Authors: Shabitah Wulan , Hartono Rudi 
Published: May 2020

This research is aimed to find out and describe the use of Newmark’s translation methods in translating Gayle Forman’s novel I Was Here from English into Indonesian. Qualitative approach is applied because the data of this research are in the form of words, phrases, and sentences. The data of this research are taken from Gayle Forman’s novel I Was Here and its Indonesian translation by Poppy D. Chusfani. There are 1629 dialogue sentences data taken from the novel. In this research, the researcher collects and analyzes the data through examining documents. The data are collected by marking the dialogue sentences in both novels and put them into a table of observation. In doing the analysis, the researcher compares the dialogue sentences in both novels. The analysis of the translation methods is based on Pieter Newmark’s classification of translation methods. The findings of the research show that there are seven out of eight translation methods proposed by Newmark used. They are word-for-word translation method, literal translation method, faithful translation method, semantic translation method, free translation method, idiomatic translation method, and communicative translation method. Based on the frequency of the translation method used in translating the dialogue sentences of the novel which is free translation method shows that the translator wants to make the content and language of the translated text are acceptable and understandable for the target language (Indonesian) readers.
Keywords: dialogue sentences, I Was Here, novel, translation methods
Increased risk of endocrine autoimmunity in first-degree relatives of patients with autoimmune Addison’s disease
Authors: Fichna Marta , Małecki Piotr P , Młodzikowska Mirela , Gębarski Bolesław , Ruchała Marek , Fichna Piotr 
Published: April 2020

Objective
Autoimmune conditions tend to cluster in subjects with Addison’s disease (AD) and probably also among their relatives. The aim of the study was to estimate the frequency of the endocrine gland-specific autoantibodies in first-degree relatives of patients with AD.

Methods
Autoantibodies were investigated in 113 family members using RIA and ELISA assays. The control group comprised 143 age-matched volunteers.

Results
Autoimmune diseases were diagnosed in 38.1% relatives. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis was found in 20.3%, Graves’ disease in 8.0%, vitiligo and type 1 diabetes in 3.5%, whereas AD, rheumatoid arthritis and atrophic gastritis with pernicious anaemia in 2.7% each.
All studied antibodies except for islet antigen-2 (P = 0.085) were significantly more frequent in AD relatives than in controls (P < 0.05). Antibodies to 21-hydroxylase were detected in 6.2% relatives, thyroid peroxidase in 28.3%, thyroglobulin in 19.5%, glutamic acid decarboxylase in 8.0%, and zinc transporter-8 in 7.1%. Two and more autoantibodies were detected in 18.6% subjects. Significant gender difference was revealed only for aTPO, more common in female relatives (P = 0.014; OR: 3.16; 95% CI: 1.23–8.12). Circulating autoantibodies were found more frequently in the relatives of affected males (P = 0.008; OR: 3.31; 95% CI: 1.33–8.23), and in family members of patients with polyendocrine autoimmunity (P = 0.009; OR: 3.55; 95% CI: 1.31–9.57).

Conclusions
This study provides evidence of increased susceptibility for the endocrine autoimmunity, especially thyroid disease, in close relatives of patients with AD. Relatives of the male AD patients and of those with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome are at particular risk and should undergo periodic screening for autoimmune endocrine disorders.
Genetic Characterization of a Wheat Association Mapping Panel Relevant to Brazilian Breeding Using a High-Density Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Array
Authors: Mellers Greg , Aguilera Jorge González , Bird Nick , Variani Bonato Ana Lidia , Bonow Sandro , Caierão Eduardo , Consoli Luciano , Santana Flávio Martins , Simmonds James , Steed Andrew , Montan Torres Gisele Abigail , Uauy Cristobal , Wright Tally I C , Scheeren Pedro Luiz , Nicholson Paul , Cockram James 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the world’s most important crops. Maintaining wheat yield gains across all of its major production areas is a key target toward underpinning global food security. Brazil is a major wheat producer in South America, generating grain yields of around 6.8 million tons per year. Here, we establish and genotype a wheat association mapping resource relevant to contemporary Brazilian wheat breeding programs. The panel of 558 wheat accessions was genotyped using an Illumina iSelect 90,000 single nucleotide polymorphism array. Following quality control, the final data matrix consisted of 470 accessions and 22,475 polymorphic genetic markers (minor allele frequency ≥5%, missing data &lt;5%). Principal component analysis identified distinct differences between materials bred predominantly for the northern Cerrado region, compared to those bred for southern Brazilian agricultural areas. We augmented the genotypic data with 26 functional Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) markers to identify the allelic combinations at genes with previously known effects on agronomically important traits in the panel. This highlighted breeding targets for immediate consideration – notably, increased Fusarium head blight resistance via the Fhb1 locus. To demonstrate the panel’s likely future utility, genome-wide association scans for several phenotypic traits were undertaken. Significant (Bonferroni corrected P &lt; 0.05) marker-trait associations were detected for Fusarium kernel damage (a proxy for type 2 Fusarium resistance), identifying previously known quantitative trait loci in the panel. This association mapping panel represents an important resource for Brazilian wheat breeding, allowing future genetic studies to analyze multiple agronomic traits within a single genetically diverse population.
Entre la inspección y el cuidado. La mirada sobre los cuerpos en los programas de afectividad y sexualidad en Costa Rica
Authors: Vindas Sánchez Daniel 
Published: April 2020

El presente artículo se propone hacer un análisis teológico y filosófico de los Programas de Afectividad y Sexualidad del Ministerio de Educación Pública Costarricense. En primer lugar, busca comprender el asidero arcaico que influye esta forma de ética sexual, a través de la figura del pedagogo, el abad y el médico. Una de las hipótesis centrales de este trabajo es que estos Programas en gran parte participan de una regla sin monasterio, dentro de un esquema ético que está entre la inspección y el cuidado de sí, de manera que el análisis de estas guías supone de primera entrada, una paradoja.

Palabras clave: Cuidado de sí, inspección, cuerpo, sexualidad
The Gol’chikha Formation (Upper Bathonian–Lower Boreal Berriasian) of the Yenisei–Khatanga Depression (West of the North Siberian Lowland)
Authors: Nikitenko B.L. , Devyatov V.P. , Rodchenko A.P. , Levchuk L.K. , Pestchevitskaya E.B. , Fursenko E.A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
—The uppermost Bathonian–lowermost Boreal Berriasian clay horizons (Gol’chikha Formation) of the Yenisei–Khatanga regional depression are regarded as probable oil source strata. Considerable core recovery in the Middle Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous sections from the boreholes drilled in the Paiyakhskaya well site and the presence of oils in the overlying strata of the Shuratovo Formation permit us to carry out integrated stratigraphic (bio-, litho-, chemo-, and seismostratigraphic) and geochemical (organic matter and oils) studies of the entire section of the Gol’chikha Formation and boundary beds, to reveal oil-producing horizons, and to compare the genotype and maturation level of their oils with those of the potentially oil source organic matter (OM) of the rocks. A detailed biostratigraphic zonation of the sections of the Gol’chikha Formation based on microfossils has been carried out. Comparison of δ13Corg variations in the Volgian and in the lower beds of the Boreal Berriasian with those in the Barents Sea shelf and in the northeast of East Siberia provided the basis for more accurate definition of the boundaries of stages and substages in the intervals free of fossils in the Paiyakhskaya area. The studied section of the Gol’chikha Formation has been divided into eight lithologic members calibrated with bio- and seismostratigraphic units. The distinctive features allowing the definition of the upper boundary of the Gol’chikha Formation are proposed using GIS data. Analysis of bio- and chemostratigraphic data allowed the correlation of the seismic reflecting horizons defined in the Gol’chikha Formation and its boundaries with the geologic section and relevant litho- and biostratigraphic units. It has been established that the strata with the highest content of organic matter consist of the upper part of the Gol’chikha Formation (the Upper Volgian and basal Boreal Berriasian). According to the vitrinite reflectance data, the OM catagenesis in the Upper Volgian interval corresponds to the oil window, which is confirmed by pyrolysis data. Thus, these strata can be considered oil-producing. The low δ13Corg values confirm the predominantly marine OM composition. Analysis of oils from the Cretaceous productive strata of the Paiyakhskaya area shows that they formed from the marine OM of the upper part of the Gol’chikha Formation at the same accumulation stage. The comprehensive studies of the Gol’chikha Formation in the Paiyakhskaya well site and complete stratigraphic coverage of the sections confirm that they can be considered a hypostratotype.
AKTIVITAS ANTAGONISTIK BAKTERI SELULOLITIK ASAL RHIZOSFER KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) TERHADAP Ganoderma boninense Pat.
Authors: Nisa Miratun , Aini Fitratul , Maritsa Hasna Ul 
Published: April 2020

AbstrakPenyakit busuk pangkal batang pada kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) disebabkan oleh Ganoderma boninense Pat. Bakteri selulolitik dari rizosfer kelapa sawit dapat dijadikan agen hayati dalam menghambat pertumbuhan G. boninense. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan bakteri selulolitik dari rizosfer kelapa sawit dan menentukan efektivitasnya dalam menghambat pertumbuhan G. boninense. Tahap penelitian meliputi pengambilan sampel dari rizosfer kelapa sawit, isolasi, pemurnian, uji aktivitas selulolitik, dan uji daya hambat terhadap G. boninense serta identifikasi isolat bakteri yang potensial. Indeks selulolitik bakteri ditentukan dengan pewarnaan congo red 0,1%. Aktivitas penghambatan dilakukan dengan menentukan persentase daya hambat bakteri dalam menghambat G. boninense. Uji efektivitas dengan membandingkan hasil uji T pada taraf 5%. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa dari rizosfer kelapa sawit diperoleh 19 isolat bakteri selulolitik dengan indeks selulolitik tertinggi 4,38 pada isolat LBS1. Berdasarkan uji T dari efektivitas bakteri selulolitik terhadap G. boninense menunjukkan 6 isolat bakteri (LBS3, LBS4, DBS1, DBS7, SBS2 dan SBS6) memiliki nilai efektif atau berpotensi sebagai antagonis dengan persentase daya hambat tertinggi sebesar 40,17% isolat DBS1 yang merupakan genus Flavobacterium. Harapan kedepannya, bakteri selulolitik yang diperoleh dapat dijadikan agen biokontrol terhadap G. boninense.Abstract Basal stem root disease in oil palm tree (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is caused by Ganoderma boninense Pat. infection. Cellulolytic bacteria from rhizosphere can be used as agents to inhibit G. boninense growth as pathogenic fungi. Purpose of the research is to obtain cellulolytic bacteria from oil palm tree rhizosphere and to determine their effectiveness in inhibiting G. boninense growth. The research stages included sampling from the oil palm tree rhizosphere, isolation, purification, cellulolytic activity test and dual culture test against G. boninense and identification of effective isolates. The cellulolytic index of bacteria was determined by congo red 0.1%. Antagonistic test was conducted to determine persentation of isolate bacteria in inhibit G. boninense and effectiveness test by comparing result of T test at the level 5%. The results showed that there are 19 isolates of cellulolytic bacteria from oil palm tree rhizosphere with highest cellulolytic index 4.38 (isolates LBS1). Based on T test of the effectiveness cellulolytic bacteria against G. boninense showed 6 isolates (LBS3, LBS4, DBS1, DBS7, SBS2, and SBS6) had effective values or potential antagonists with highest percentage inhibition 40.17% isolate DBS1 genus of Flavobacterium. Hope that in the future, cellulolytic bacteria obtained can be used as biocontrol agents for G. boninense.
PENGARUH PUPUK MAJEMUK TABLET TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN LILIT BATANG DAN HARA DAUN TANAMAN KARET
Authors: Nugroho Priyo Adi , Sembiring Yan Riska Venata 
Published: April 2020

AbstrakHarga karet alam dunia yang volatil saat ini telah menyebabkan munculnya inovasi dalam pemupukan tanaman karet diantaranya penggunaan pupuk majemuk tablet. Percobaan pemupukan telah dilakukan pada TBM karet umur 3 tahun yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pupuk majemuk tablet terhadap pertumbuhan lilit batang dan kandungan hara daun. Terdapat tiga perlakuan dalam penelitian ini yaitu, (A) pupuk majemuk briket (500 g/pohon/tahun) sebagai kontrol, (B) pupuk majemuk tablet (200 g/pohon/tahun) atau setara dengan 40% kontrol, dan (C) pupuk majemuk tablet (300 g/pohon/tahun) atau setara dengan 60% kontrol. Formulasi pupuk majemuk yang digunakan adalah 18–1014–2+1TE. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyerapan hara N dan K pada perlakuan A lebih cepat yang direfleksikan melalui hara daun A yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan B dan C. Walaupun hara daun N dan K pada perlakuan A relatif lebih tinggi, tetapi penambahan lilit batang terbesar terdapat pada perlakuan C kemudian A dan B, yaitu 7,52 cm; 7,23 cm; dan 6,99 cm (P = 0,23). Tidak ditemukan korelasi yang kuat antara penambahan ukuran lilit batang dengan kandungan hara daun (P = 0,66) tetapi terdapat korelasi positif yang cukup kuat (r = 0,64; P = 0,025) antara penambahan ukuran lilit batang dengan curah hujan.Abstract The world’s natural rubber price that is volatile has led to the innovation in rubber trees fertilization by using tablet fertilizer. The study of fertilization was conducted in an immature rubber tree 3 years planted (TBM 3) to find out the responses of fertilization in rubber girth and leaf nutrient content. Three treatments were established viz. (A) briquette fertilizer 500 g/tree/year as control, (B) tablet fertilizer 200 g/tree/year equivalent to 40% of control, (C) tablet fertilizer 300 g/tree/year equivalent to 60% of control. The formula of briquette and tablet was identic (18–10–14–2+1TE). The results show that nitrogen and potassium uptake in treatment briquette fertilizer 500 g/tree/year (A) was faster, it was reflected through leaf nutrient content that was higher than B and C. Even though the contents of N and K in rubber leaf in A was relatively higher however the highest girth increment occurred in C then A and B, i.e. 7.52 cm; 7.23 cm; and 6.99 cm respectively. No strong correlation between girth size increment and nutrient leaf status in this study (P = 0.66). However a moderately strong correlation (r = 0.64; P = 0.025) appeared between girth size increment and monthly precipitation.
Mal de débarquement szindróma – „partraszállási betegség”
Authors: Varga Zsuzsa , Horváth Barnabás , Liktor Bálint , Szirmai Ágnes , Tamás T. László , Horváth Tamás 
Published: May 2020

Absztrakt:
A mal de débarquement szindróma ritka, vestibularis kórkép; legfőbb
jellegzetessége az utazás, mozgó járművön (hajón, repülőn) tartózkodás után vagy
spontán kialakuló tartós, hintázó, billegő egyensúlyzavar. A tünetek átmenetileg
megszűnnek ismételt járműre szállás, például autóval utazás során. A krónikus
fáradtság, szorongás, depresszió gyakran társuló panaszok. A diagnózis
felállítása kihívást jelent, sokszor a páciensek maguk ismerik fel a betegséget.
A pontos patofiziológia és definitív kezelési mód nem ismert, az optokineticus
stimulációval végzett kezelés és a transcranialis mágneses stimuláció új
terápiás perspektívát kínál. Tanulmányunkban 5 beteget mutatunk be, akiknél
tartós, hónapokon át fennálló, folyamatos, imbolygó jellegű egyensúlyzavar
alakult ki. Vizsgálatuk során normál belsőfül-funkciót vagy nem specifikus
eltéréseket, továbbá negatív koponya mágneses rezonanciás vizsgálati leletet
regisztráltunk. A kórlefolyás bemutatásán keresztül feltárjuk azokat a
differenciáldiagnosztikai kérdéseket, amelyek segítségül szolgálnak a kórkép
felismerésében. Ismertetjük az etiológiai háttérre vonatkozó elméleteket, a
különböző kezelési módokkal elért nemzetközi eredményeket, továbbá a saját
beteganyagunkon alkalmazott terápiás próbálkozásokat. A mal de débarquement
szindróma diagnózisa kizáráson alapul, gyakran nem kerül felismerésre. Típusos
kórtörténet, negatív vagy nem specifikus vizsgálati eredmények mellett érdemes
megfontolni e kórkép diagnózisát. A korai diagnózis csökkentheti az orvosi
vizitek és a nélkülözhető vizsgálatok számát. A gyakori diagnosztikus tévedés
tovább fokozhatja a betegséggel társuló romló életminőséget, szorongást,
depressziót. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(20): 846–851.
Konstruksi Alat Ukur Kepemimpinan Spiritual dalam Keluarga
Authors: Nisrina Hasna Esa , Faruq Muhammad Irsyad , Masruroh Rina , Nurlatifah Siti Sa'adah , Nisa Siti Khairun 
Published: April 2020

This study aims to examine spiritual leadership in the context of the head of the family. The spiritual leadership concept is lifted from Fry (2003) which is defined as a matter that consists of values, attitudes, and behaviors needed to intrinsically motivate oneself or others so that they have a sense of survival through spiritual vocation and membership. The construct approach used is the modification approach. The number of samples in this study amounted to 405 subjects with purposive sampling. The content validation used is in the form of CFA. Of the five dimensions measured, there is one falling dimension in testing, namely the meaning dimension. The other four dimensions, namely vision, altruistic love, hope/faith, and membership, can be measured by 26 valid and reliable items based on the confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach alpha test. Measuring instruments developed can be used again for further research.
Application of Brain-computer Interfaces in Assistive Technologies
Authors: Gundelakh Filipp , Stankevich Lev , Sonkin Konstantin , Nagornova Ganna , Shemyakina Natalia 
Published: April 2020

In the paper issues of brain-computer interface applications in assistive technologies are considered in particular for robotic devices control. Noninvasive brain-computer interfaces are built based on the classification of electroencephalographic signals, which show bioelectrical activity in different zones of the brain. Such brain-computer interfaces after training are able to decode electroencephalographic patterns corresponding to different imaginary movements and patterns corresponding to different audio-visual stimulus. The requirements which must be met by brain-computer interfaces operating in real time, so that biological feedback is effective and the user's brain can correctly associate responses with events are formulated. The process of electroencephalographic signal processing in noninvasive brain-computer interface is examined including spatial and temporal filtering, artifact removal, feature selection, and classification. Descriptions and comparison of classifiers based on support vector machines, artificial neural networks, and Riemann geometry are presented. It was shown that such classifiers can provide accuracy at the level of 60-80% for recognition of imaginary movements from two to four classes. Examples of application of the classifiers to control robotic devices were presented. The approach is intended both to help healthy users to perform daily functions better and to increase the quality of life of people with movement disabilities. Tasks to increase the efficiency of technology application are formulated.
Identification of Subscriber Terminals of Infocommunication Networks based on the Model of Forming Images in Modern Computer Systems
Authors: Sazonov Konstantin , Tatarka Maxim , Tsyganov Andrey , Bessolcev Vitaliy 
Published: April 2020

One of the important tasks of such theories as theories of pattern recognition and the theory of information security, is the task of identifying terminals of information and telecommunication networks.
The relevance of the topic is due to the need to study methods for identifying computer network terminals and build information security systems based on the knowledge gained.
The main parameters that allow uniquely identifying subscriber terminals in the network are address-switching information, as well as a number of parameters characterizing the software and hardware of the computer system. Based on the obtained parameters, digital fingerprints of subscriber terminals are generated.
The using anonymous networks by users of subscriber terminals and blocking of the methods of generating and collecting digital fingerprint parameters, does not allow to achieve the required degree of identification reliability in some cases.
Based on the peculiarities of digital image formation in modern computer systems, many transformation parameters make impact on the output graphic primitive, thereby forming a digital fingerprint of the subscriber terminal, which depends on the placement of samples in a pixel, the algorithms used to calculate the degree of pixels influence, and also the procedures used of smoothing images in the graphics subsystem.
In this paper an original model of image formation by means of a subscriber terminal web browser that allows to increase the degree of reliability of identification under conditions of anonymization of users of information and telecommunication networks is propesed.
Features of the digital images formation in the graphic subsystems of modern computer systems are substantiated. These features allow identification under a priori uncertainty regarding the modes and parameters of information transfer.
Narratives about Cyborgization in the Context of Technoevolution
Authors: Wojewoda Mariusz 
Published: April 2020

Artykuł poświęcony jest narracjom kulturowym na temat cyborgizacji, w których zostaje opisana relacja między człowiekiem i cybermaszyną. W tym nowym ujęciu maszyna staje się częścią ludzkiego ciała, pozwala człowiekowi na poprawę jakości życia, ale może także uzupełnić ludzkie naturalne zdolności, wyposażając go w nowe („sztuczne”) kompetencje. Autor artykułu poddaje analizie problem trzech kulturowych narracji kulturowych dotyczących cyborgizacji człowieka. Te trzy modele narracji to narracja inżyniersko-pragmatyczna, biologiczno-ewolucyjna i kulturowo-humanistyczna. Stanowią one współczesne imaginaria społeczne na temat technoewolucji i związku człowieka z cybermaszyną. Autor artykułu na przykładzie koncepcji naturalnego cyborga Andy’ego Clarka sprawdza tezę, czy jest możliwe porozumienie między tymi narracjami. Kwestia społecznej akceptacji dla cyborgizacji jest szczególnie ważna z punktu widzenia postępu technologicznego oraz pytania o istotę człowieka i techniki w odniesieniu do nowych możliwości, jakie daje współczesna biotechnologia i robotyka w kontekście poprawy ­jakości naszego życia.