bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breast feeding after caesarean delivery on maternal request: protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mu Wei , Huang Yu Hong , Chaumont Andréanne , Létourneau Isabelle , El-Chaar Darine , Xia Tian , Wu Wen Shi 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionCaesarean delivery under maternal request (CDMR) is a major factor contributing to the rising global rates of caesarean section (CS) procedure. The choice of CDMR without medical indications could provide a sense of assured safety by avoiding the experiences and complications of vaginal birth, and the risks related to an emergency CS. However, it might adversely influence women’s breast feeding patterns and produce a long-lasting impact on maternal and neonatal health. This study aims to systematically review the current evidence relating to the effects of intentions of performing CDMR on breast feeding.Methods and analysisA comprehensive literature search will be performed in three English-language electronic databases, major clinical study registries and other sources for original studies reporting the breast feeding outcomes after a planned CDMR or vaginal delivery. The three databases Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials will be searched via Ovid from inception to February 2020. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), pseudo-RCTs, cohort studies and case–control studies on this topic will be included. Participants in the experimental or case group should meet the Robson criteria of classes 2B or 4B and have experienced planned CS undertaken for no maternal or foetal indication, whereas participants in the control group have undergone scheduled vaginal delivery. All kinds of breast feeding outcomes will be included. Meta-analyses will be attempted to provide an estimate of the pooled effect and will be stratified by different study designs. A qualitative description will be provided if quantitative synthesis proves to be fruitless.Ethics and disseminationThis study is a secondary literature review that does not need ethical approval. No primary data will be collected from the participants. Findings of this study will be presented at scientific conferences and be published in scientific journals.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020160303.
Rapid tumor vaccine using Toll-like receptor-activated ovarian cancer ascites monocytes
Authors: Adams Sarah F , Grimm Alizée J , Chiang Cheryl L-L , Mookerjee Ananda , Flies Dallas , Jean Stephanie , McCann Georgia A , Michaux Justine , Pak HuiSong , Huber Florian , Neal Christopher , Dangaj Denarda , Bassani-Sternberg Michal , Rusakiewicz Sylvie , Facciabene Andrea , Coukos George , Gimotty Phyllis A , Kandalaft Lana E 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundNovel therapeutic strategies in ovarian cancer (OC) are needed as the survival rate remains dismally low. Although dendritic cell-based cancer vaccines are effective in eliciting therapeutic responses, their complex and costly manufacturing process hampers their full clinical utility outside specialized clinics. Here, we describe a novel approach of generating a rapid and effective cancer vaccine using ascites-derived monocytes for treating OC.MethodsUsing the ID8 mouse ovarian tumor model and OC patient samples, we isolated ascites monocytes and evaluated them with flow cytometry, Luminex cytokine and chemokine array analysis, ex vivo cocultures with T cells, in vivo tumor challenge and T cell transfer experiments, RNA-sequencing and mass spectrometry.ResultsWe demonstrated the feasibility of isolating ascites monocytes and restoring their ability to function as bona fide antigen-presenting cells (APCs) with Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 lipopolysaccharide and TLR9 CpG-oligonucleotides, and a blocking antibody to interleukin-10 receptor (IL-10R Ab) in the ID8 model. The ascites monocytes were laden with tumor antigens at a steady state in vivo. After a short 48 hours activation, they upregulated maturation markers (CD80, CD86 and MHC class I) and demonstrated strong ex vivo T cell stimulatory potential and effectively suppressed tumor and malignant ascites in vivo. They also induced protective long-term T cell memory responses. To evaluate the translational potential of this approach, we isolated ascites monocytes from stage III/IV chemotherapy-naïve OC patients. Similarly, the human ascites monocytes presented tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), including MUC1, ERBB2, mesothelin, MAGE, PRAME, GPC3, PMEL and TP53 at a steady state. After a 48-hour treatment with TLR4 and IL-10R Ab, they efficiently stimulated oligoclonal tumor-associated lymphocytes (TALs) with strong reactivity against TAAs. Importantly, the activated ascites monocytes retained their ability to activate TALs in the presence of ascitic fluid.ConclusionsAscites monocytes are naturally loaded with tumor antigen and can perform as potent APCs following short ex vivo activation. This novel ascites APC vaccine can be rapidly prepared in 48 hours with a straightforward and affordable manufacturing process, and would be an attractive therapeutic vaccine for OC.
Investigation of factors affecting recruitment and retention in the UK veterinary profession
Authors: Hagen Jennifer R , Weller Renate , Mair Timothy Stephen , Kinnison Tierney 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundRecruitment and retention is currently of major concern and has resulted in the veterinary profession being returned to the UK's Shortage Occupation List in 2019.MethodsAn online questionnaire of veterinary employees and employers investigating factors contributing to leaving/staying in current employment and the profession. The questionnaire was distributed via specialist veterinary associations’ email lists and social media from September to October 2018.ResultsRespondents had few job changes (median 3), however, 43.7 per cent (n=2390) reported that they were likely or very likely to leave their employment within two years. Vets who were recently qualified, on lower salaries and female were more likely to plan to leave. Most frequently chosen reasons to stay in a position were: team, location and family. Most commonly cited reasons to leave were: work‐life balance, management and salary. Respondents most disliked dealing with people, work‐life balance and the physical/emotional impacts of the job. They would most like to change the hours worked, team aspects and management. Employers suggested that it was difficult to employ a veterinary surgeon, especially an experienced individual.ConclusionThe current retention crisis is due in part to the differing requirements between modern‐day veterinary employees, their employers, the public and the profession.
Recovery of small-strain stiffness following blast-induced liquefaction based on shear wave velocity measurements
Authors: Mahvelati Siavash , Coe Joseph T. , Stuedlein Armin W. , Asabere Philip , Gianella Tygh N. , Kordjazi Alireza 
Published: August 2020

Changes in soil fabric following liquefaction have been studied using various in situ methods that often return inconclusive or conflicting observations. The time–rate variation of stiffness, when observed, is usually not evaluated over significant periods of time, limiting investigations about aging in post-liquefaction regain of stiffness. Even more uncommon is the application of geophysical techniques to evaluate changes in shear wave velocity (VS) as a proxy for small-strain stiffness. This study uses controlled blasting to examine long-term post-liquefaction regain of stiffness following multiple blast events. The multi-channel analysis of surface waves (MASW) technique was used to observe changes in VSof aged deposits at a test site in South Carolina. Blast-induced liquefaction of the target liquefiable layer resulted in significant reduction to its initial small-strain stiffness owing to the destruction of the aged soil fabric. The time-rate variation in VSindicated that the initial small-strain stiffness was not re-established over many months following liquefaction. Following a second blast event, the small-strain stiffness reduced again, but recovered more quickly, similar to previously reported observations of young sand deposits. This study provides a significant basis for interpreting in situ body and surface wave measurements of aged and young sand deposits densified using blast liquefaction.
Pocket formula for incoherent scattering cross section
Authors: Manjunatha H.C. , Seenappa L. , Sridhar K.N. 
Published: August 2020

We have achieved a simple empirical formula for incoherent scattering cross section based on the data available in the literature. The present formula produces incoherent scattering cross section values of all atoms for the atomic number range 1 < Z < 100 in the energy range 1 keV < E < 100 GeV with the simple inputs of atomic number (Z) and energy (E) in keV. The percentage of deviation of incoherent scattering cross section of the present formula is less than ±3%. The values produced by the present formula agree well with the experiments. The present formula is useful in the fields of radiation physics and nuclear physics.
The effective field theory of low scale see-saw at colliders
Authors: Biekötter Anke , Chala Mikael , Spannowsky Michael 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe study the Standard Model effective field theory ($$\nu $$νSMEFT) extended with operators involving right-handed neutrinos, focussing on the regime where the right-handed neutrinos decay promptly on collider scales to a photon and a Standard Model neutrino. This scenario arises naturally for right-handed neutrinos with masses of the order $$m_N \sim 0.1 \dots 10\, \,\text {GeV}$$mN∼0.1⋯10GeV. We limit the relevant dimension-six operator coefficients using LEP and LHC searches with photons and missing energy in the final state as well as pion and tau decays. While bounds on new physics contributions are generally in the TeV scale for order one operator coefficients, some coefficients, however, remain very poorly constrained or even entirely evade bounds from current data. Consequently, we identify such weakly constrained scenarios and propose new searches for rare top and tau decays involving photons to probe potential new physics in the $$\nu $$νSMEFT parameter space. Our analysis highlights the importance of performing dedicated searches for new rare tau and top decays.
Liquefaction susceptibility maps for the Aqaba–Elat region with projections of future hazards with sea-level rise
Authors: Abueladas Abdel-Rahman A. , Niemi Tina M. , Al-Zoubi Abdallah , Tibor Gideon , Kanari Mor , Ben-Avraham Zvi 
Published: August 2020

The cities of Aqaba, Jordan and Elat, Israel are vulnerable to seismic damage because they are built over the active faults of the Dead Sea Transform that are the source of historically destructive earthquakes. A liquefaction susceptibility map was generated for the Aqaba–Elat region. Borehole data from 149 locations and the water table depth were used to calculate effective overburden stress in the Seed–Idriss simplified method. The liquefaction analysis was based on applying a cyclic loading scenario with horizontal peak ground acceleration of 0.3
g
in a major earthquake. The liquefaction map, compiled using a GIS platform, shows high and moderate liquefaction susceptibility zones along the northern coast of the Gulf of Aqaba that extend 800 m inland from the shoreline. In Aqaba, several hotels, luxury apartment complexes, archaeological sites, ports and commercial districts are located within high and moderate liquefaction zones. In Elat, the seaport and the coastal hotel district are located within a high susceptibility zone. Most residential areas, schools and hospitals in both cities are located within zones not susceptible to liquefaction based on the methods of this study. The total area with the potential to be liquefied along the Gulf of Aqaba is
c.
10 km
2
. Given predictions for global sea-level, we ran three liquefaction models utilizing projected water table rises of 0.5, 1 and 2 m. These models yielded an increase in the area of high liquefaction ranging from 26 to 49%. Given the high potential of future earthquakes, our liquefaction susceptibility maps should help inform city officials for hazard mitigation planning.
Intake of Dietary Fruit, Vegetables, and Fiber and Risk of Colorectal Cancer According to Molecular Subtypes: A Pooled Analysis of 9 Studies
Authors: Hidaka Akihisa , Harrison Tabitha A. , Cao Yin , Sakoda Lori C. , Barfield Richard , Giannakis Marios , Song Mingyang , Phipps Amanda I. , Figueiredo Jane C. , Zaidi Syed H. , Toland Amanda E. , Amitay Efrat L. , Berndt Sonja I. , Borozan Ivan , Chan Andrew T. , Gallinger Steven , Gunter Marc J. , Guinter Mark A. , Harlid Sophia , Hampel Heather , Jenkins Mark A. , Lin Yi , Moreno Victor , Newcomb Polly A. , Nishihara Reiko , Ogino Shuji , Obón-Santacana Mireia , Parfrey Patrick S. , Potter John D. , Slattery Martha L. , Steinfelder Robert S. , Um Caroline Y. , Wang Xiaoliang , Woods Michael O. , Van Guelpen Bethany , Thibodeau Stephen N. , Hoffmeister Michael , Sun Wei , Hsu Li , Buchanan Daniel D. , Campbell Peter T. , Peters Ulrike 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Protective associations of fruits, vegetables, and fiber intake with colorectal cancer risk have been shown in many, but not all epidemiologic studies. One possible reason for study heterogeneity is that dietary factors may have distinct effects by colorectal cancer molecular subtypes. Here, we investigate the association of fruit, vegetables, and fiber intake with four well-established colorectal cancer molecular subtypes separately and in combination. Nine observational studies including 9,592 cases with molecular subtypes for microsatellite instability (MSI), CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), and somatic mutations in BRAF and KRAS genes, and 7,869 controls were analyzed. Both case-only logistic regression analyses and polytomous logistic regression analyses (with one control set and multiple case groups) were used. Higher fruit intake was associated with a trend toward decreased risk of BRAF-mutated tumors [OR 4th vs. 1st quartile = 0.82 (95% confidence interval, 0.65–1.04)] but not BRAF-wildtype tumors [1.09 (0.97–1.22); P difference as shown in case-only analysis = 0.02]. This difference was observed in case–control studies and not in cohort studies. Compared with controls, higher fiber intake showed negative association with colorectal cancer risk for cases with microsatellite stable/MSI-low, CIMP-negative, BRAF-wildtype, and KRAS-wildtype tumors (Ptrend range from 0.03 to 3.4e-03), which is consistent with the traditional adenoma-colorectal cancer pathway. These negative associations were stronger compared with MSI-high, CIMP-positive, BRAF-mutated, or KRAS-mutated tumors, but the differences were not statistically significant. These inverse associations for fruit and fiber intake may explain, in part, inconsistent findings between fruit or fiber intake and colorectal cancer risk that have previously been reported.

Significance:
These analyses by colorectal cancer molecular subtypes potentially explain the inconsistent findings between dietary fruit or fiber intake and overall colorectal cancer risk that have previously been reported.
Evolution of Genomic and T-cell Repertoire Heterogeneity of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Under Dasatinib Treatment
Authors: Chen Runzhe , Lee Won-Chul , Fujimoto Junya , Li Jun , Hu Xin , Mehran Reza , Rice David , Swisher Stephen G. , Sepesi Boris , Tran Hai T. , Chow Chi-Wan , Little Latasha D. , Gumbs Curtis , Haymaker Cara , Heymach John V. , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Lee J. Jack , Futreal P. Andrew , Zhang Jianhua , Reuben Alexandre , Tsao Anne S. , Zhang Jianjun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurpose:Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is considered an orphan disease with few treatment options. Despite multimodality therapy, the majority of MPMs recur and eventually become refractory to any systemic treatment. One potential mechanism underlying therapeutic resistance may be intratumor heterogeneity (ITH), making MPM challenging to eradicate. However, the ITH architecture of MPM and its clinical impact have not been well studied.Experimental Design:We delineated the immunogenomic ITH by multiregion whole-exome sequencing and T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing of 69 longitudinal MPM specimens from nine patients with resectable MPM, who were treated with dasatinib.Results:The median total mutation burden before dasatinib treatment was 0.65/Mb, similar with that of post-dasatinib treatment (0.62/Mb). The median proportion of mutations shared by any given pair of two tumor regions within the same tumors was 80% prior to and 83% post-dasatinib treatment indicating a relatively homogenous genomic landscape. T-cell clonality, a parameter indicating T-cell expansion and reactivity, was significantly increased in tumors after dasatinib treatment. Furthermore, on average, 82% of T-cell clones were restricted to individual tumor regions, with merely 6% of T-cell clones shared by all regions from the same tumors indicating profound TCR heterogeneity. Interestingly, patients with higher T-cell clonality and higher portion of T cells present across all tumor regions in post-dasatinib–treated tumors had significantly longer survival.Conclusions:Despite the homogeneous genomic landscape, the TCR repertoire is extremely heterogeneous in MPM. Dasatinib may potentially induce T-cell response leading to improved survival.
Blood Supply of Early Lung Adenocarcinomas in Mice and the Tumor-supplying Vessel Relationship: A Micro-CT Angiography Study
Authors: Deng Lin , Tang Hanzhou , Qiang Jinwei , Wang Jie , Xiao Shiman 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the blood supply of early lung adenocarcinomas in mice and the relationship between tumors and their supplying vessels by using micro-CT. An early lung adenocarcinoma model was established in 10 female mice with subcutaneous injections of a 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine solution. Micro-CT pulmonary and bronchial arteriography were performed to demonstrate the blood supply of early lung adenocarcinomas, especially the tumor–vessel relationships, and the findings were correlated with the pathology results. The quantitative and texture changes in the tumor-supplying vessels were analyzed. Micro-CT showed that the pulmonary artery was densely distributed in and around tumors in 141 (84%) of 167 early lung adenocarcinomas, the bronchial artery was not related to tumors, and there were four patterns of tumor–pulmonary artery relationships that correlated well with pathologic findings. Quantitative and texture analyses showed that the tumor size had positive correlations with vessel volume (VV), VV fraction (VVF), vessel thickness (VT), vessel number (VN), inverse difference moment, long run emphasis, gray level nonuniformity (GLN), and run length nonuniformity (RLN) and negative correlations with vessel separation (VS), inertia, and short run emphasis (SRE); the size of the solid component had positive correlations with VV, VVF, VT, VN, GLN, and RLN and negative correlations with VS, cluster shade, and SRE. This study concluded that early lung adenocarcinomas are mainly supplied by the pulmonary arteries in mice, and micro-CT angiography can clearly demonstrate the morphologic changes of pulmonary arteries and their relationships with tumors.
Plaque Regression and Endothelial Progenitor Cell Mobilization With Intensive Lipid Elimination Regimen (PREMIER)
Authors: Banerjee Subhash , Luo Ping , Reda Domenic J. , Latif Faisal , Hastings Jeffrey L. , Armstrong Ehrin J. , Bagai Jayant , Abu-Fadel Mazen , Baskar Amutharani , Kamath Preeti , Lippe Daniel , Wei Yongliang , Scrymgeour Alexandra , Gleason Theresa C. , Brilakis Emmanouil S. 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) are removed by extracorporeal filtration during LDL apheresis. It is mainly used in familial hyperlipidemia. The PREMIER trial (Plaque Regression and Progenitor Cell Mobilization With Intensive Lipid Elimination Regimen) evaluated LDL apheresis in nonfamilial hyperlipidemia acute coronary syndrome patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods:
We randomized 160 acute coronary syndrome patients at 4 Veterans Affairs centers within 72 hours of percutaneous coronary intervention to intensive lipid-lowering therapy (ILLT) comprising single LDL apheresis and statins versus standard medical therapy (SMT) with no LDL apheresis and statin therapy alone. Trial objectives constituted primary safety and primary efficacy end points and endothelial progenitor cell colony-forming unit mobilization in peripheral blood.

Results:

Mean LDL reduction at discharge was 53% in ILLT and 17% in SMT groups (
P
<0.0001) from baseline levels of 116.3±34.3 and 110.7±32 mg/dL (
P
=0.2979), respectively. The incidence of the primary safety end point of major peri-percutaneous coronary intervention adverse events was similar in both groups (ILLT, 3; SMT, 0). The primary efficacy end point, percentage change in total plaque volume at 90 days by intravascular ultrasound, on average decreased by 4.81% in the ILLT group and increased by 2.31% in the SMT group (difference of means, −7.13 [95% CI, −14.59 to 0.34];
P
=0.0611). The raw change in total plaque volume on average decreased more in the ILLT group than in the SMT group (−6.01 versus −0.95 mm
3
; difference of means, −5.06 [95% CI, −11.61 to 1.48];
P
=0.1286). Similar results were obtained after adjusting for participating sites, age, preexisting coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, baseline LDL levels, and baseline plaque burden. There was robust endothelial progenitor cell colony-forming unit mobilization from baseline to 90 days in the ILLT group (
P
=0.0015) but not in SMT (
P
=0.0844).

Conclusions:
PREMIER is the first randomized clinical trial to demonstrate safety and a trend for early coronary plaque regression with LDL apheresis in nonfamilial hyperlipidemia acute coronary syndrome patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01004406 and NCT02347098.