bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Ni/Si mass ratio on microstructure and properties of Cu–Ni–Si alloy
Authors: Tao Shiping , Lu Zhenlin , Jia Lei , Xie Hui , Zhang Jinlong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Cu–Ni–Si alloys with 94 wt% Cu content and different Ni/Si mass ratios were prepared by hot pressing sintering, and then solution treatment and ageing treatment were also performed. Microstructure and phase composition along with electrical conductivity and hardness of the alloys under different treating condition was studied, and then the influence of Ni/Si mass ratio was discussed. Results showed that the as-sintered Cu–Ni–Si alloys mainly consisted of α-Cu matrix and some Ni31Si12 particles at the grain boundary as well as δ-Ni2Si phases inside the matrix. After solution treatment, most of the Ni–Si compounds decomposed, but δ-Ni2Si precipitates from the matrix after ageing treatment. With increasing Ni/Si mass ratio, the electrical conductivity and hardness of the alloys increases firstly and then decreases, while a highest combination of them achieved when the mass ratio of Ni/Si was 4:1. The effect of Ni/Si ratio on the electrical conductivity of Cu–Ni–Si alloys can be mainly ascribed to the residual content of Ni/Si in the Cu matrix after ageing treatment. When the mass ratio of Ni/Si is equal to the atomic ratio of δ-Ni2Si phase, most of the Ni and Si atoms would precipitates as δ-Ni2Si, and then the electrical conductivity reaches the highest value.
Equity in Bilingual Education: Socioeconomic Status and Content and Language Integrated Learning in Monolingual Southern Europe
Authors: Lorenzo Francisco , Granados Adrián , Rico Nuria 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Previous research has raised concerns that equity may be compromised in content and language integrated learning (CLIL) education, creating schisms in otherwise fairly egalitarian education systems. In Andalusia (southern Spain), where bilingual education has expanded, this article aims to analyze the difference between CLIL bilingual education and traditional monolingual education in terms of student equity indicators.
A sample of over 3,800 students representing the four socioeconomic status (SES) levels (SES 1–4), selected by stratified random sampling, was analyzed with correlational statistics to determine their performance levels at CLIL and non-CLIL schools, according to their competence in Spanish L1, English L2, and history. Results point to certain egalitarian effects of CLIL education: while a staircase pattern is constantly present in the performance of non-CLIL students (with those from higher social classes obtaining better results), all CLIL students seem to obtain equally high results regardless of their SES.
State-of-the-art web services forde novoprotein structure prediction
Authors: Abriata Luciano A , Dal Peraro Matteo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractResidue coevolution estimations coupled to machine learning methods are revolutionizing the ability of protein structure prediction approaches to model proteins that lack clear homologous templates in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). This has been patent in the last round of the Critical Assessment of Structure Prediction (CASP), which presented several very good models for the hardest targets. Unfortunately, literature reporting on these advances often lacks digests tailored to lay end users; moreover, some of the top-ranking predictors do not provide webservers that can be used by nonexperts. How can then end users benefit from these advances and correctly interpret the predicted models? Here we review the web resources that biologists can use today to take advantage of these state-of-the-art methods in their research, including not only the best de novo modeling servers but also datasets of models precomputed by experts for structurally uncharacterized protein families. We highlight their features, advantages and pitfalls for predicting structures of proteins without clear templates. We present a broad number of applications that span from driving forward biochemical investigations that lack experimental structures to actually assisting experimental structure determination in X-ray diffraction, cryo-EM and other forms of integrative modeling. We also discuss issues that must be considered by users yet still require further developments, such as global and residue-wise model quality estimates and sources of residue coevolution other than monomeric tertiary structure.
Evaluation of the Oxford classification in immunoglobulin A vasculitis with nephritis: a cohort study and meta-analysis
Authors: Yu Bingxin , Shi Sufang , Hou Wanyin , Liu Lijun , Lv Jicheng , Wang Suxia , Zhang Hong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Similarities in clinicopathological presentations in immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy and IgA vasculitis with nephritis (IgAVN) raise the question of the utility of the Oxford classification in the latter. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Oxford classification in IgAVN.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study and meta-analysis following systematic searching of the MEDLINE and Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE) databases between January 2009 and September 2019. We modeled the association of 30 and 50% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate or end-stage renal disease with pathologic lesions of the Oxford classification including mesangial hypercellularity (M), endocapillary hypercellularity (E), segmental glomerulosclerosis (S), interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (T) and crescents (C). Results were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis.

Results
The cohort study included 132 patients, and only T lesion was an independently risk factor in IgAVN. The meta-analysis yielded six retrospective studies with 721 patients and 139 endpoints. In multivariate model, T lesion was significantly associated with renal outcome (hazard ratio = 2.45, P = 0.007). M and C lesions could not predict renal outcome without evidence of heterogeneity. E and S lesions could not predict renal outcome with evidence of heterogeneity (I2 = 66.6%; P = 0.01, and I2 = 65.8%; P = 0.03, respectively). Subgroup analysis showed that the possible reasons to the heterogeneity were from usage of immunosuppressant, sample size and follow-up time.

Conclusions
The study suggests that the Oxford classification could not be fully validated in IgAVN. Higher portion of immunosuppressant especially before renal biopsy might be the main confounder for the predictive value of Oxford classification in IgAVN.
Left ventricular myocardial work in the culprit vessel territory and impact on left ventricular remodelling in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Lustosa Rodolfo P , Fortuni Federico , van der Bijl Pieter , Goedemans Laurien , El Mahdiui Mohammed , Montero-Cabezas Jose M , Kostyukevich Marina V , Ajmone Marsan Nina , Bax Jeroen J , Delgado Victoria , Knuuti Juhani 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Aims
Adverse left ventricular (LV) remodelling after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is associated with poor outcome. Global and regional LV myocardial work (LVMW) derived from speckle tracking echocardiographic strain data in combination with non-invasive blood pressure recordings could provide information for prediction of LV remodelling after STEMI. The aim of the study was to assess the predictive value of global and regional LVMW for LV remodelling before discharge in patients with STEMI.

Methods and results
Three-hundred and fifty STEMI patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were included [265 men (76%), mean age: 61 ± 10 years]. Clinical variables, conventional echocardiographic parameters, global and regional measures of myocardial work index (MWI), and myocardial work efficiency were recorded before discharge. The primary endpoint was early LV remodelling defined as increase in LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) ≥20% at 3 months after STEMI. Eighty-seven patients (25%) showed early LV remodelling. The global and regional LVMW in the culprit territory were significantly lower in patients with early LV remodelling. Peak troponin I (OR 1.109, 95% CI 1.046–1.177; P = 0.001), LVEDV (OR 0.972, 95% CI 0.959–0.984; P &lt; 0.001) and regional MWI in the culprit vessel territory (OR 0.602, 95% CI 0.383–0.945; P = 0.027) were independently associated with early LV remodelling.

Conclusion
In STEMI patients treated with primary PCI and optimal medical therapy, the regional cardiac work index in the culprit vessel territory before discharge is independently associated with early adverse LV remodelling.
Patient profiles and health status outcomes for peripheral artery disease in high-income countries: a comparison between the USA and The Netherlands
Authors: Jelani Qurat-Ul-Ain , Smolderen Kim G , Halpin David , Gosch Kensey , Spertus John A , Iyad Ochoa Chaar Cassius , Tutein Nolthenius Rudolf P , Heyligers Jan , De Vries Jean-Paul , Mena-Hurtado Carlos 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Aims
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a global disease. Understanding variability in patient profiles and PAD-specific health status outcomes across health system countries can provide insights into improving PAD care. We compared these features between two high-income countries, the USA and The Netherlands.

Methods and results
Patients were identified from the patient-centred outcomes related to treatment practices in peripheral arterial disease: investigating trajectories study—a prospective, international registry of patients presenting to vascular specialty clinics for new onset, or exacerbation of PAD symptoms. PAD-specific health status was measured with the peripheral artery questionnaire. General linear mixed models for repeated measures were used to study baseline, 3, 6, and 12-month PAD-specific health status outcomes (peripheral artery questionnaire summary score) between the USA and The Netherlands. Out of a total of 1114 patients, 748 patients (67.1%) were from the USA and 366 (32.9%) from The Netherlands. US patients with PAD were older, with more financial barriers, higher cardiovascular risk factor burden, and lower referral rates for exercise treatment (P &lt; 0.001). They had significantly worse PAD-specific adjusted health status scores at presentation, 3, 6, and 12 months of follow-up (all P &lt; 0.0001). Magnitude of change in 1-year health status scores was smaller in the US cohort when compared with The Netherlands.

Conclusion
Compared with the Dutch cohort, US patients had worse adjusted PAD-specific health status scores at all time point, improving less over time, despite treatment. Leveraging inter-country differences in care and outcomes could provide important insights into optimizing PAD outcomes.

Clinical trial registration
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01419080? term=portrait&rank=1 NCT01419080.
Genetic variability in the absorption of dietary sterols affects the risk of coronary artery disease
Authors: Helgadottir Anna , Thorleifsson Gudmar , Alexandersson Kristjan F , Tragante Vinicius , Thorsteinsdottir Margret , Eiriksson Finnur F , Gretarsdottir Solveig , Björnsson Eythór , Magnusson Olafur , Sveinbjornsson Gardar , Jonsdottir Ingileif , Steinthorsdottir Valgerdur , Ferkingstad Egil , Jensson Brynjar Ö , Stefansson Hreinn , Olafsson Isleifur , Christensen Alex H , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Køber Lars , Pedersen Ole B , Erikstrup Christian , Sørensen Erik , Brunak Søren , Banasik Karina , Hansen Thomas F , Nyegaard Mette , Eyjolfssson Gudmundur I , Sigurdardottir Olof , Thorarinsson Bjorn L , Matthiasson Stefan E , Steingrimsdottir Thora , Bjornsson Einar S , Danielsen Ragnar , Asselbergs Folkert W , Arnar David O , Ullum Henrik , Bundgaard Henning , Sulem Patrick , Thorsteinsdottir Unnur , Thorgeirsson Gudmundur , Holm Hilma , Gudbjartsson Daniel F , Stefansson Kari 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Aims
To explore whether variability in dietary cholesterol and phytosterol absorption impacts the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) using as instruments sequence variants in the ABCG5/8 genes, key regulators of intestinal absorption of dietary sterols.

Methods and results
We examined the effects of ABCG5/8 variants on non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol (N up to 610 532) and phytosterol levels (N = 3039) and the risk of CAD in Iceland, Denmark, and the UK Biobank (105 490 cases and 844 025 controls). We used genetic scores for non-HDL cholesterol to determine whether ABCG5/8 variants confer greater risk of CAD than predicted by their effect on non-HDL cholesterol. We identified nine rare ABCG5/8 coding variants with substantial impact on non-HDL cholesterol. Carriers have elevated phytosterol levels and are at increased risk of CAD. Consistent with impact on ABCG5/8 transporter function in hepatocytes, eight rare ABCG5/8 variants associate with gallstones. A genetic score of ABCG5/8 variants predicting 1 mmol/L increase in non-HDL cholesterol associates with two-fold increase in CAD risk [odds ratio (OR) = 2.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.75–2.31, P = 9.8 × 10−23] compared with a 54% increase in CAD risk (OR = 1.54, 95% CI 1.49–1.59, P = 1.1 × 10−154) associated with a score of other non-HDL cholesterol variants predicting the same increase in non-HDL cholesterol (P for difference in effects = 2.4 × 10−4).

Conclusions
Genetic variation in cholesterol absorption affects levels of circulating non-HDL cholesterol and risk of CAD. Our results indicate that both dietary cholesterol and phytosterols contribute directly to atherogenesis.
Exhaustion, Distribution and Communication to the Public – The CJEU’s Decision C-263/18 – Tom Kabinet on E-Books and Beyond
Authors: Kaiser Ansgar 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In its Tom Kabinet decision,****See the text of the decision in this issue of GRUR International at DOI: 10.1093/grurint/ikaa041. The author wishes to thank Aaron Stumpf, Stefan Scheuerer and Laura Valtere for fruitful discussions. the CJEU took a further step in dealing with digital facts under the InfoSoc Directive. This decision on the sale of ‘second-hand’ e-books through a website has set a number of things in motion: besides distinguishing between the distribution right and the right of communication to the public, the decision also affects the exhaustion doctrine and the coherence of European copyright law.
In the past few years, discussions about the so-called ‘digital exhaustion’ and related issues have increased enormously. A few days before Christmas 2019, the CJEU published its long-awaited judgment in case C-263/18, also known as Tom Kabinet, in which it decided that the sale of ‘second-hand’ e-books through a website constitutes communication to the public and therefore requires the consent of the rightholder.
This opinion gives insights into why the Tom Kabinet decision was so eagerly awaited, what exactly was decided and whether the CJEU’s decision could fulfil these great expectations.
Low Pseudomoments of the Riemann Zeta Function and Its Powers
Authors: Gerspach Maxim 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The $2 q$-th pseudomoment $\Psi _{2q,\alpha }(x)$ of the $\alpha $-th power of the Riemann zeta function is defined to be the $2 q$-th moment of the partial sum up to $x$ of $\zeta ^\alpha $ on the critical line. Using probabilistic methods of Harper, we prove upper and lower bounds for these pseudomoments when $q \le \frac{1}{2}$ and $\alpha \ge 1$. Combined with results of Bondarenko et al., these bounds determine the size of all pseudomoments with $q&gt; 0$ and $\alpha \ge 1$ up to powers of $\log \log x$, where $x$ is the length of the partial sum, and it turns out that there are three different ranges with different growth behaviours. In particular, the results give the order of magnitude of $\Psi _{2 q, 1}(x)$ for all $q&gt; 0$.
Multidimensional hydrogel models reveal endothelial network angiocrine signals increase glioblastoma cell number, invasion, and temozolomide resistance
Authors: Ngo Mai T , Karvelis Elijah , Harley Brendan A C 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor. The tissue microenvironment adjacent to vasculature, termed the perivascular niche, has been implicated in promoting biological processes involved in glioblastoma progression such as invasion, proliferation, and therapeutic resistance. However, the exact nature of the cues that support tumor cell aggression in this niche is largely unknown. Soluble angiocrine factors secreted by tumor-associated vasculature have been shown to support such behaviors in other cancer types. Here, we exploit macroscopic and microfluidic gelatin hydrogel platforms to profile angiocrine factors secreted by self-assembled endothelial networks and evaluate their relevance to glioblastoma biology. Aggregate angiocrine factors support increases in U87-MG cell number, migration, and therapeutic resistance to temozolomide. We also identify a novel role for TIMP1 in facilitating glioblastoma tumor cell migration. Overall, this work highlights the use of multidimensional hydrogel models to evaluate the role of angiocrine signals in glioblastoma progression.
PRO: The COVID-19 pandemic will result in increased antimicrobial resistance rates
Authors: Clancy Cornelius J , Buehrle Deanna J , Nguyen M Hong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We argue that the COVID-19 pandemic will result in increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Broad-spectrum antibiotic use is common among hospitalized COVID-19 patients and in excess of reported secondary infection rates, suggesting unnecessary prescribing. Selection pressure is likely to be particularly intense in COVID-19 epicentres and within non-epicentre hospital units dedicated to COVID-19 care. Risk factors that increase the likelihood of hospitalization or poor outcomes among COVID-19 patients, such as advanced age, nursing home residence, debilitation, diabetes and cardiopulmonary or other underlying systemic diseases, also predispose to AMR infections. Worry for AMR emergence is heightened since first-wave COVID-19 epicentres were also AMR epicentres. Disruptive direct and indirect effects of COVID-19 globally on economic systems, governance and public health expenditure and infrastructure may fuel AMR spread. We anticipate that the impact of COVID-19 on AMR will vary between epicentres and non-epicentres, by geographic region, hospital to hospital within regions and within specific hospital units.
Merger Policy in Digital Markets: AnEx PostAssessment†
Authors: Argentesi Elena , Buccirossi Paolo , Calvano Emilio , Duso Tomaso , Marrazzo Alessia , Nava Salvatore 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a broad retrospective evaluation of mergers and merger decisions in markets dominated by multisided digital platforms. First, we document almost 300 acquisitions carried out by three major tech companies—Amazon, Facebook, and Google—between 2008 and 2018. We cluster target companies on their area of economic activity providing suggestive evidence on the strategies behind these mergers. Second, we discuss the features of digital markets that create new challenges for competition policy. By using relevant case studies as illustrative examples, we discuss theories of harm that have been used or, alternatively, could have been formulated by authorities in these cases. Finally, we retrospectively examine two important merger cases, Facebook/Instagram and Google/Waze, providing a systematic assessment of the theories of harm considered by the UK competition authorities as well as evidence on the evolution of the market after the transactions were approved. We discuss whether the competition authority performed complete and careful analyses to foresee the competitive consequences of the investigated mergers and whether a more effective merger control regime can be achieved within the current legal framework.
Type B aortic dissection repair using a Thoraflex hybrid prosthesis in a setting of aberrant left vertebral artery
Authors: Mohamed Saifullah , Patel Akshay J , Iqbal Yassir , Mazhar Khurum , Dandekar Uday , Bhudia Sunil 
Published: June 2020

AbstractType B aortic dissection (TBAD) is often managed conservatively with intervention reserved for complicated cases. Strategies for complicated and uncomplicated TBAD can involve optimal medical therapy, thoracic endovascular aortic replacement and open surgical repair of TBAD with replacement of the affected segment of aorta and reimplantation of aortic branches. The frozen elephant trunk technique has been reported to be a successful surgical strategy in patients with complicated TBAD, particularly in patients who possess unfavourable aortic arch anatomy for endovascular stenting or at increased risk of retrograde Type A aortic dissection. The Thoraflex is a commercially available aortic graft, manufactured by Vascutek®. We describe a successful case of addressing complicated TBAD with rare variant aortic anatomy using a Thoraflex hybrid frozen elephant trunk graft and reimplantation of the aberrant left vertebral artery to the perfusion limb of the Thoraflex graft.
Disentangling Interviewer and Area Effects in Large-Scale Educational Assessments using Cross-Classified Multilevel Item Response Models
Authors: Rohm Theresa , Carstensen Claus H , Fischer Luise , Gnambs Timo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In large-scale educational assessments, interviewers should ensure standardized settings for all participants. However, in practice many interviewers do not strictly adhere to standardized field protocols. Therefore, systematic interviewer effects for the measurement of mathematical competence were examined in a representative sample of N = 5,139 German adults. To account for interviewers working in specific geographical regions, interviewer and area effects were disentangled using cross-classified multilevel item response models. These analyses showed that interviewer behavior distorted competence measurements, whereas regional effects were negligible. On a more general note, it is demonstrated how to identify conspicuous interviewer behavior with Bayesian multilevel models.
Inspections
Authors: Nuijten Jan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines the power to inspect business and private premises. Amongst the various investigatory tools of the European Commission to establish whether or not there has been a breach of EU competition law, the power to conduct inspections is the most extensive one. The legal basis for this authority is in Article 20(1) of Regulation 1/2003, which stipulates that the Commission may conduct all necessary inspections of undertakings and associations of undertakings in order to carry out the duties assigned to it by this Regulation. Article 20(2) now ensures the effectiveness of the inspection by empowering inspectors to seal business premises and books or records for the period of the inspection; ask representative or member of staff of the inspected undertaking for explanation; and to record the answers. Article 21(1) extended the Commission’s power to inspect also non-business premises, such as private homes of directors, managers, and members of staff of the undertakings. Inspections can be conducted unannounced or announced. While the Commission’s power to inspect is extensive, it is contained by the Commission’s duty to respect the rights of the undertakings subject to inspection, in accordance with the fundamental rights and principle enshrined in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.