bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘How Long Do I Have?’ – Examining survival outcomes in laryngeal cancer patients managed with non‐curative intent in Northern UK: Insights from the Northern Head & Neck Cancer Alliance Retrospective Study
Authors: Rajgor Amarkumar , Hurley Rhona , Douglas Catriona M. , Paterson Claire , Moor James , Lester Shane , Sionis Sara , Davies Katharine , O'Hara James , Inman Gareth , Jones Terry , Hamilton David Winston ,   Northern Head & Neck Alliance
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionHistorically, 15% of laryngeal cancer patients undergo non‐curative management, but pragmatic data on this group are limited. This information is crucial to help patients make informed decisions about their care. Supported by the Northern Head & Neck Alliance, this retrospective study is the first to present survival outcomes for non‐curative laryngeal cancer patients in Northern UK.MethodsRetrospective data were compiled for patients with laryngeal squamous cell cancer from five large tertiary head and neck centres in Northern UK (Newcastle, Glasgow, Sheffield, Leeds, and Middlesbrough). The collected data encompassed demographic details, treatment and clinical outcomes.ResultsAmong 373 patients, the mean age was 72, and 73% were male. The median follow‐up was 6 months. 17% had early‐stage (T1‐2), and 83% had late‐stage (T3‐4) disease. By data collection, 99% had died.The mean survival time (MST) was 9.1 months. Patients with metastases had an MST of 6.9 months, while those without had 9.4 months. Early‐stage patients had an MST of 13.3 months, compared to 8.2 months for advanced disease. By subsite, MSTs were 8.2 months for supraglottic, 12.5 for glottic, 5.5 for subglottic, and 7.9 for transglottic cancers.ConclusionThis study stands as the first to explore survival outcomes in laryngeal cancer patients undergoing non‐curative management. The findings can provide valuable insights for informing patients about survival in the absence of radical treatment, facilitating important decision‐making conversations.
A matter of survival—patients' and carers' perspectives on the decision to undergo pelvic exenteration surgery for locally advanced and recurrent rectal cancer
Authors: Brown Kilian G. M. , White Kate , Solomon Michael J. , Sutton Paul , Ng Kheng‐Seong , Koh Cherry E. , Steffens Daniel 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimPelvic exenteration is the only potentially curative treatment for patients with locally advanced or recurrent rectal cancer. This study aimed to investigate how patients decide to undergo such radical surgery.MethodThis qualitative study employed an exploratory interpretive design informed by hermeneutic philosophy. During semi‐structured interviews, individuals who had undergone pelvic exenteration at a specialised centre and their carers were asked to reflect on the decision‐making process around surgery.ResultsThirty‐eight interviews were conducted with 39 participants (34 patients and five carers). Four themes were identified. There really wasn't a choice—participants indicated that long‐term survival was their absolute priority, with many feeling that there was no alternative. Only one participant expressed decision regret due to the consequences of surgery. Grappling with the magnitude of surgery—despite extensive preoperative education and counselling, the enormity of the surgery and recovery experience was incomprehensible to participants until they were ‘in it’, with many surprised by a slow and protracted recovery. A spectrum of psychological states and support needs—participants reflected on their psychological state prior to surgery, identifying family or professional pre‐surgery counselling as sources of support. Understanding life after surgery—although most participants were willing to accept anything in order to survive, many identified the impact on bodily functions, body image and overall quality of life as important.ConclusionsLong‐term survival was the principal factor influencing the decision to undergo pelvic exenteration. Individualised preoperative counselling may improve patient preparedness for the consequences of surgery.
Causal Association Between Monounsaturated Fatty Acids and Lung Cancer: A Two‐Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Zhang Shaofeng , Jiang Jia , Wu Xiping , Liu Jiayi , Lei Wei , Chen Siqin , Zeng Yaling , Liu Xiang , Xiao Qiang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the potential causal relationship between monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and lung cancer.MethodsGenetic data on MUFAs and pathological subtypes of lung cancer were extracted from genome‐wide association studies (GWAS). The primary analysis utilized inverse‐variance weighted analysis (IVW), with additional methods including the weighted median method, MR‐Egger regression method, and weighted model method. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the robustness of the findings.ResultsThe inverse variance–weighted (IVW) analysis of monounsaturated fatty acids in relation to lung adenocarcinoma yielded an odds ratio (OR) of 1.059 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.960 to 1.168 and a p value of 0.252. Similarly, for lung squamous cell carcinoma, the IVW analysis produced odd ratios of 0.884, 95% confidence intervals of 0.747 to 1.045, and a p value of 0.148. In the case of small cell lung cancer, the odds ratio was 0.936, the 95% confidence interval was 0.751 to 1.166, and the p value was 0.554.ConclusionIt can be concluded that there is no direct causal relationship between monounsaturated fatty acids and the development of lung cancer.
Impact of conflict on sustainable agricultural practices and transitions in Cambodia
Authors: Pekarcik Carter Gracie , Ader David , Gill Tom 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCambodian social and economic systems are in an era of transformation as the nation transitions from its history of war and tragedy into a future shaped by more democratic institutions and free market policies. During the 1970s, under the Khmer Rouge, the people of Cambodia were forced to live communally and survive through collective agriculture. Starvation, hard labor, knowledge destruction, and summary execution resulted in a nation facing high levels of poverty, intellectual loss, and food insecurity. Today, while strides have been made to increase economic and social outcomes, the predominantly rural country is still characterized by a weak educational system and economic dependence on agriculture. To better understand the role of the Khmer Rouge era on agriculture, a qualitative comparative case study analysis of Cambodian agriculture pre‐ and post‐Pol Pot regime was conducted. Results indicate that the Khmer Rouge reduced labor availability, stunted rice production output, collectivized and centralized farming systems, intensified production, and created an overall loss of crop diversity and knowledge. It is necessary to understand the influence that the conflict had on Cambodian agricultural systems to assure the nation is able to transition from an unsustainable, extensification‐based agriculture system to a diverse, sustainably intensified agricultural landscape.
Residual risk prediction in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation using machine learning: A report from the GLORIA‐AF registry phase II/III
Authors: Liu Yang , Chen Yang , Olier Ivan , Ortega‐Martorell Sandra , Huang Bi , Ishiguchi Hironori , Lam Ho Man , Hong Kui , Huisman Menno V. , Lip Gregory Y. H. ,   the GLORIA‐AF Investigators
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlthough oral anticoagulation decreases the risk of thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), a residual risk of thrombotic events still exists. This study aimed to construct machine learning (ML) models to predict the residual risk in these patients.MethodsPatients with newly diagnosed non‐valvular AF were collected from the Global Registry on Long‐Term Oral Anti‐Thrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (GLORIA‐AF) registry. To predict the residual risk of the composite outcome of thrombotic events (defined as ischemic stroke, systemic embolism, transient ischemic attack and myocardial infarction), we constructed four prediction models using the logistic regression (LR), random forest, light gradient boosting machine and extreme gradient boosting machine ML algorithms. Performance was mainly evaluated by area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUC), g‐means and F1 scores. Feature importance was evaluated by SHapley Additive exPlanations.Results15,829 AF patients (70.33 ± 9.94 years old, 55% male) taking oral anticoagulation were included in our study, and 641 (4.0%) had residual risk, sustaining thrombotic events. In the test set, LR had the best performance with higher AUC trend of 0.712. RF has highest g‐means of 0.295 and F1 score of 0.249. This was superior when compared with the CHA2DS2‐VA score (AUC 0.698) and 2MACE score (AUC 0.696). Age, history of TE or MI, OAC discontinuation, eGFR and sex were identified as the top five factors associated with residual risk.ConclusionML algorithms can improve the prediction of residual risk of anticoagulated AF patients compared to clinical risk factor‐based scores.
Contrasting Patterns of Larval Recruitment in River–Lake Systems in Migratory and Nonmigratory Galaxias Species
Authors: Toorchi Mahsa , Reid Malcolm R. , Closs Gerard P. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMany aspects of the ecology, life history and distribution of fishes differ between their larval and adult life‐history stages. Identifying the critical habitats and migration pathways required by each life cycle stage is crucial for effective conservation and ecological management. Using microchemical analysis of otoliths, we examined the influence of larval habitat and migration on the composition and population structure of migratory and nonmigratory Galaxias species collected from tributaries upstream of inland lakes and streams lacking downstream lake connections in the Waitaki River basin, New Zealand. Larval (core) and adult (edge) layers of each individual otolith were analysed to compare otolith trace signatures formed during larval and adult life‐history stages. The results revealed considerable variation between larval and adult otolith chemical signatures of migratory (Galaxias brevipinnis) species. Classification analysis indicated that populations of G. brevipinnis upstream of each lake shared a common larval habitat, most likely the lake, with 100% of individuals from each lake‐riverine system having larval signatures that were distinct from adult signatures. In contrast, relatively consistent patterns of elemental concentrations were detected across the otoliths of nonmigratory species suggesting both their larval and adult life‐history stages had occurred in the same stream from which the adults were collected. These findings provide a framework for understanding how larval‐rearing environments can influence the distribution of stream fish across the landscape. Furthermore, identifying the source of recruits can help to improve conservation efforts to protect naturally land‐locked populations of G. brevipinnis.
Impact of land use and soil group on the functional diversity of abundant and rare bacterial communities
Authors: Tang Yijia , Minasny Budiman , McBratney Alex , Xue Peipei , Jang Ho Jun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDespite the critical role of soil microbial communities in biomass production and ecosystem functioning, previous research primarily focussed on microbial structure without functional insights, especially for rare species. This study addresses this gap by exploring the functional potential of both abundant and rare bacterial communities across various land uses and soil groups in the Lower Namoi Valley, Australia. By integrating plant‐beneficial bacteria (PBB) and Functional Annotation of Prokaryotic Taxa (FAPROTAX) databases, we show that rare species exhibited higher alpha diversity and multifunctionality than abundant species. Cropping enhanced the biodiversity of abundant functional bacteria in fine‐textured soils, which promoted crop growth through increased PBB and carbon cycling. Conversely, rare functional bacteria exhibited consistently lower biodiversity in croplands. Random forest models and linear regression analyses identified land use as a significant factor influencing the biodiversity of rare functional bacterial communities, likely through plant–soil feedback systems. These findings underline the importance of land use in shaping bacterial community functionality and call for conservation strategies to protect soil biodiversity, especially rare species, to ensure sustainable soil ecosystems and support future food production.
Structural elucidation and characterization of GH29A α‐l‐fucosidases and the effect of pH on their transglycosylation
Authors: Yang Yaya , Holck Jesper , Thorhallsson Albert Thor , Hunt Cameron J. , Yang Huan , Morth Jens Preben , Meyer Anne S. , Zeuner Birgitte 
Published: December 2024

GH29A α‐l‐fucosidases (EC 3.2.1.51) catalyze the release of α‐l‐fucosyl moieties from the nonreducing end of glycoconjugates by hydrolysis and some also catalyze transglycosylation. The latter is particularly interesting with regard to designing enzymatic synthesis of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). We combined the bioinformatics tool conserved unique peptide patterns (CUPP) and phylogenetic clustering to discover new microbial GH29A α‐l‐fucosidases of the underexplored CUPP group GH29:13.1. Three uncharacterized bacterial enzymes (EaGH29, SeGH29, and PmGH29) and two previously identified GH29A α‐l‐fucosidases (BF3242 and TfFuc1) were selected for reaction optimization, biochemical, and structural characterization. Kinetics, pH‐temperature optima, and substrate preference for 2‐chloro‐4‐nitrophenyl‐α‐l‐fucopyranoside (CNP‐α‐l‐Fuc) and 2′‐fucosyllactose (2′FL) were determined. Transglycosylation was favored at high neutral to alkaline pH, especially for EaGH29, SeGH29, TfFuc1, and BF3242, mainly because hydrolysis was decreased. The α‐l‐fucosidases exhibited medium regioselectivity in transglycosylation, generally forming two out of five detected lacto‐N‐fucopentaose (LNFP) isomers from 2′FL and lacto‐N‐tetraose (LNT). Alkaline pH also affected the transglycosylation product regioselectivity of SeGH29, which was also affected by a Leu/Phe exchange in the acceptor binding site. New crystal structures of TfFuc1 and BF3242 showed congruence in active site topology between these two enzymes and contributed to understanding the function of GH29A α‐l‐fucosidases. Notably, the structural data provide new insight into the role of an Asn residue located between the two catalytic residues in the active site.
Dominant Edaphic Controls on Particulate Organic Carbon in Global Soils
Authors: Guo Ziyu , Liu Jianzhao , He Liyuan , Rodrigues Jorge L. Mazza , Chen Ning , Zuo Yunjiang , Wang Nannan , Zhu Xinhao , Sun Ying , Zhang Lihua , Song Yanyu , Zhang Dengjun , Yuan Fenghui , Song Changchun , Xu Xiaofeng 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe current soil carbon paradigm puts particulate organic carbon (POC) as one of the major components of soil organic carbon worldwide, highlighting its pivotal role in carbon mitigation. In this study, we compiled a global dataset of 3418 data points of POC concentration in soils and applied empirical modeling and machine learning algorithms to investigate the spatial variation in POC concentration and its controls. The global POC concentration in topsoil (0–30 cm) is estimated as 3.02 g C/kg dry soil, exhibiting a declining trend from polar regions to the equator. Boreal forests contain the highest POC concentration, averaging at 4.58 g C/kg dry soil, whereas savannas exhibit the lowest at 1.41 g C/kg dry soil. We developed a global map of soil POC density in soil profiles of 0‐30 cm and 0–100 cm with an empirical model. The global stock of POC is 158.15 Pg C for 0–30 cm and 222.75 Pg C for 0–100 cm soil profiles with a substantial spatial variation. Analysis with a machine learning algorithm concluded the predominate controls of edaphic factors (i.e., bulk density and soil C content) on POC concentration across biomes. However, the secondary controls vary among biomes, with solid climate controls in grassland, pasture, and shrubland, while strong vegetation controls in forests. The biome‐level estimates and maps of POC density provide a benchmark for modeling C fractions in soils; the various controls on POC suggest incorporating biological and physiochemical mechanisms in soil C models to assess and forecast the soil POC dynamics in response to global change.
Effect of catalytic condition on the properties of carbon nanotubes/calcium aluminate cement and its synthesis mechanism
Authors: Zang Yunfei , Xiao Guoqing , Ding Donghai , Yu Renhong , Yang Minghui , Gao Han , Li Jingxin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCarbon nanotubes/calcium aluminate cement (CNTs/CAC) have endowed refractory castables with excellent performance. However, the properties of CNTs/CAC at varying catalytic conditions were significantly affected by the characteristics of carbon matters and the microstructure of cement, especially oxidation resistance and water dispersibility. The CNTs/CAC and the pyrolysis process of its precursors were characterized by X‐ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry‐Fourier transform. The optimum catalyst content of cement was determined to be 0.2 wt.% (Fe count), the optimal catalytic temperature was 700°C, and the optimal catalytic time was 3 h. The graphitization degree of carbon and the microstructure of cobweb‐like carbon/cement particles were optimized within the optimal catalytic conditions, thereby improving the oxidation resistance and water dispersion of CNTs/CAC. In addition, the research of the CNTs/CAC pyrolysis process has also shown that bamboo‐shaped carbon nanotubes were aggregated, interweaved, and embedded within the interstices of calcium aluminate particles to form a cobweb‐like microstructure during the CNTs/CAC formation process.
Reliability and Validity Study of the Turkish Version of the Motivation and Attitude to Change Health (MATCH) Scale
Authors: Başer Duygu Ayhan , Ağadayı Ezgi , Fidancı İzzet , Aksoy Hilal , Cankurtaran Mustafa 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aims to culturally adapt the ‘Motivation and Attitudes Towards Changing Health (MATCH)’ scale into Turkish and assess its reliability and validity within the Turkish population.MethodsThe Turkish version of the MATCH questionnaire, designed to gauge patient motivation for initiating or sustaining behaviour changes, was created through translation and adaptation. A total of 305 patients diagnosed with chronic illnesses completed the questionnaire and scale to evaluate its validity and reliability.ResultsThe Turkish version of MATCH demonstrated strong internal consistency and reliability. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the entire scale was 0.737, with subdimensions ranging between 0.69 and 0.75. Notably, no item displayed a total correlation value below 0.40. Furthermore, test–retest analysis indicated high intraclass correlation coefficients. Consequently, no items were removed due to their consistently high reliability values among all nine items.ConclusionThe Turkish‐adapted MATCH scale proves to be a valid and reliable instrument for assessing motivational status within the Turkish population.
Do stock markets care about climate change: A public media perspective
Authors: Nguyen Minh Nhat , Liu Ruipeng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe study the pricing implication of the climate change news index proposed by Engle et al. (2020). Specifically, we find the significant risk premium associated with climate change news. The risk premium increases for firms in fossil‐fuel and carbon‐intensive industries, while decreasing for firms in low‐emission industries. Furthermore, we document that the impact of climate change news is more negative for “value” and “big” portfolios compared to “growth” and “small” portfolios, and the impact of climate change news varies for firms headquartered in Democratic states versus Republican states.
USP22 Promotes Osteosarcoma Progression by Stabilising β‐Catenin and Upregulating HK2 and Glycolysis
Authors: Chen Shenliang , Hu Xin , Yi Xuan , Deng Xueqiang , Xiong Ting , Ou Yanghuan , Liu Shuaigang , Li Chen , Yan Xiaohua , Hao Liang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTOsteosarcoma is a primary malignancy that is difficult to treat and is prone to developing resistance to chemotherapy. As such, it is necessary to continuously explore novel therapeutic targets. Ubiquitin‐specific protease 22 (USP22) is an ubiquitin‐specific protease that has been demonstrated to have potent carcinogenic effects on a variety of cancers and is involved in several biological processes. Studies have demonstrated that reprogramming of glucose metabolism is a major factor in the development and progression of osteosarcoma, and that USP22 is strongly associated with the metabolism of glucose in osteosarcoma. However, it is still unknown how precisely USP22 works in osteosarcoma. To further elucidate the expression and specific molecular mechanisms of USP22 in osteosarcoma. The results of Western blot analysis and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) showed that the expression of USP22 in osteosarcoma tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent healthy tissues. In addition, the expression of USP22 promotes the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells in a glycolytic dependent manner both in vitro and in vivo, while the knockout of USP22 is the opposite. In addition, USP22 knockout reduced the protein expression of β‐catenin and hexokinase 2 (HK2) in osteosarcoma cells. In addition, the regulation of HK2 expression induced by USP22 depends on β‐catenin. Mechanistically, USP22 regulates HK2 by deubiquitination and stabilising the expression of β‐catenin, thereby controlling glycolysis in osteosarcoma cells.
LYRM2 Promotes the Growth and Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Enhancing HIF‐1α‐Dependent Glucose Metabolic Reprogramming
Authors: Fan Bingfu , Zhang Yueqin , Zhou Lu , Xie Zhongchun , Liu Jie , Zhang Chengwu , Dou Changwei 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a foetal malignancy with dismal overall survival. The molecular mechanism underlying the progression of HCC remain largely unknown. LYR motif containing 2 (LYRM2) has been identified as an oncogene in colorectal cancer; however, its expression, functions and molecular mechanism in the context of HCC has not been investigated. Data derived from The Cancer Gemome Atlas, along with findings from our patients' cohort, indicate that LYRM2 expression is elevated in HCC tissues and correlates with adverse clinicopathological features and prognosis in HCC patients. Subsequent research into the biological functions of LYRM2 has revealed that it promotes the proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition of HCC cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic insights have shown that LYRM2 interacts with HIF‐1α, enhancing the protein stability of HIF‐1α, which in turn increases cellular glycolysis and inhibits mitochondrial respiration. Moreover, the glucose metabolic reprogramming mediated by LYRM2 is implicated in its role in promoting HCC growth and metastasis. Collectively, this study identifies that LYRM2 as a novel oncogenic protein in HCC and elucidates its contribution to HCC progression through enhancing HIF‐1α‐dependent glucose metabolic reprogramming.