bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Youth, Parental-determined Strategy towards Tackling Perennial Unemployment in Nigeria as Device for a Safe Future
Authors: Akinde Sunday Israel , Fagbohunka Adejompo 
Published: June 2020

This study focuses on the youth and the parent fighting future unemployment through present combination of apprenticeship with studentship. A phenomenon of which little is known, conducted in 4 selected secondary schools in Ondo state, Nigeria. Data through a multistage sampling technique, from 160 students’ terminal mean scores of third and first terminal results of 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 sessions respectively, were analyzed. Results showed that consideration of the possibility of future unemployment has significant relationship with students’ combination of apprenticeship with academics [r (158) = 0.211, p < .05] among others. Although parents seek to play safe regarding future employment opportunity for their children, differences in mean scores in academic performance indicate that those who did not combine studentship with apprenticeship (M=515.75; SD=171.58) outperformed those who did (M=513.52; SD=146.24). Similarly, combined activities have a direct relationship with stress capable of affecting physical and mental life of students thus casting doubt on the future safety net of the decision.
Competitive abilities and distribution ranges of four asexual Daphnia pulex lineages and Daphnia mitsukuri in Eurasian continental islands
Authors: Maruoka Natsumi , Urabe Jotaro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDaphnia pulex and D. mitsukuri are morphologically similar and distributed in small lowland Japanese lakes. Daphnia pulex in Japan reproduces by obligate parthenogenesis and is composed of four different lineages (JPN1–JPN4) with North American origins. Although this species is found throughout Japan, JPN1 has the largest distribution range, followed by JPN2. Daphnia mitsukuri is a putatively endemic species that is now rarely found in Japan. Since Daphnia share the same algal food, the difference in distribution ranges among the four asexual D. pulex lineages and D. mitsukuri may be caused by exploitative competition for algal food. To examine this possibility, we measured the threshold food concentration (TFC) at zero‐net growth rate and the food concentration required for 50% of the individuals to survive (FC50). In addition, we examined the effects of temperature on the somatic growth rate (SGR) and the mortality rates of four asexual D. pulex lineages and D. mitsukuri. The experiments showed that TFC was lowest in D. pulex JPN1 and highest in D. mitsukuri, supporting the idea that the largest distribution range of JPN1 is due to its superiority in inter‐lineage competition, and that the distribution area of D. mitsukuri is reduced through exploitative competition with D. pulex. However, although JPN2 was found in relatively large areas, it had higher TFC than JPN3 and JPN4, which appear in very limited areas. These results clearly showed that the difference in distribution ranges among D. pulex lineages are not necessarily determined by their competitive superiority alone.
Studded leather collars are very effective in protecting cattle from leopard (Panthera pardus) attacks
Authors: Khorozyan Igor , Ghoddousi Siavash , Soufi Mobin , Soofi Mahmood , Waltert Matthias 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Human‐wildlife conflicts are widespread, particularly with big cats which can kill domestic livestock and create a counteraction between conservation and local livelihoods, especially near protected areas. Minimisation of livestock losses caused by big cats and other predators is essential to mitigate conflicts and promote socially acceptable conservation. As big cats usually kill by throat bites, protective collars represent a potentially effective non‐lethal intervention to prevent livestock depredation, yet the application and effectiveness estimation of these tools are very limited.
In this study, for the first time we measured the effectiveness of studded leather collars in protecting cattle from leopard (Panthera pardus) attacks. We conducted a randomised controlled experiment during 14 months to collar 202 heads and leave uncollared 258 heads grazing in forests and belonging to 27 owners from eight villages near three protected areas in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran.
Our results show that none of collared cattle and nine uncollared cattle were lost to leopard depredation, meaning that collars caused a zero relative risk of damage and a perfect 100% damage reduction. Most losses occurred in summer and autumn due to lush vegetation attracting more cattle, long daytime allowing movements deep into leopard habitats and dense cover favouring leopard hunts from ambush. Losses were recorded in only six owners and four villages, suggesting local rarity and patchy distribution of leopards.
We suggest that collars can be successfully applied to cattle freely grazing in habitats of leopards or other felids for a long time and thus remaining persistently exposed to depredation. As grazing cattle are usually not supervised by shepherds or dogs, collars can be the only practical protection tool. Production and sales of collars can become a sustainable small‐scale business for farmers to further boost conservation and rural livelihoods.
Investigating whether controlling and aggressive relationship behaviors are discriminant
Authors: Dempsey Fiona , Hammond Matt , Dixon Louise 
Published: June 2020

AbstractControl is theorized as central to intimate partner aggression (IPA). Tools measuring nonphysical “controlling behaviors” in relationships have therefore been developed to identify the latent construct of control. However, the underlying assumption that “controlling behaviors” form a distinct subset of IPA has not been validated. This study investigates the divergent validity of acts considered as “controlling behaviors” against other aggressive acts used in relationships. The IPA and relationship literatures were reviewed to identify 1,397 items involving “controlling,” physical, sexual, and psychologically aggressive acts perpetrated and/or experienced by an intimate partner. In total, 101 item pairs were identified and used to measure IPA tactics across these categories. In Study 1, exploratory factor analysis in a community sample (N = 561) found no evidence of a distinct factor of “controlling behaviors.” Behaviors labeled as “controlling” in existing measures were distributed across other factors, including “eclectic aggression,” “direct psychological aggression,” and “monitoring acts.” In Study 2A (N = 424 students), confirmatory factor analysis replicated the results of Study 1 and established configural measurement invariance (Study 2B), indicating no evidence for psychometric differences between samples. These results indicate that behaviors described as “controlling” in existing measures were not statistically distinguishable from other forms of IPA, and suggest that future research should investigate motivational, rather than behavioral, differences in the use of IPA. The findings challenge research to confirm whether a set of discrete behaviors can be used to accurately identify control in relationships and question the validity of tools that adopt this methodology.
Epidemiology, Time Trends, and Outcomes of Serious Infections in Patients With Vasculitis: A Nineteen‐Year National Study
Authors: Singh Jasvinder A. , Cleveland John D. 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo examine the epidemiology, time trends, and outcomes and types of serious infections in people with vasculitis in the US.MethodsWe identified people with vasculitis who were hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of pneumonia, sepsis/bacteremia, urinary tract infection (UTI), skin and soft tissue infections, or opportunistic infections in the 1998–2016 US National Inpatient Sample. We used adjusted logistic regression to examine the predictors of a hospital stay >3 days, total hospital charges greater than the median, discharge to a non‐home setting, and in‐hospital mortality.ResultsWe noted 111,345 serious infections in patients with vasculitis (14% of all vasculitis hospitalizations). Among the patients, the mean age was 67.3 years, the Deyo‐Charlson comorbidity index score was ≥2 in 54%, 37% were male, and 67% were White. The serious infection hospitalization rate per 100,000 US National Inpatient Sample claims in 1998–2000 versus 2015–2016 (and rates of increase) in patients with vasculitis was as follows: overall, 12.14 versus 25.15 (2.1‐fold); opportunistic infections, 0.78 versus 0.83 (1.1‐fold); skin and soft tissue infections, 1.38 versus 2.52 (1.8‐fold); UTI, 0.35 versus 1.48 (4.2‐fold); pneumonia, 7.10 versus 6.23 (0.9‐fold); and sepsis, 2.53 versus 14.10 (5.6‐fold). Pneumonia was the most common serious infection in 1998–2000 (58%) versus sepsis in 2015–2016 (56%). Sepsis, older age, Deyo‐Charlson comorbidity index score of ≥2, urban hospital, or medium/large hospital (by number of beds) were associated with higher health care utilization and in‐hospital mortality rates; Northeast region and Medicare and Medicaid payer type were associated with higher rates of health care utilization.ConclusionSerious infection hospitalization rates are increasing in patients with vasculitis except among those with pneumonia. Sepsis was the most common serious infection in 2015–2016. Several patient and hospital factors are associated with health care utilization and mortality in serious infection hospitalization in vasculitis.
Sulfonyl Hydrazides in Organic Synthesis: A Review of Recent Studies
Authors: Zhao Shuangte , Chen Kaijun , Zhang Ling , Yang Weiguang , Huang Dayun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSulfonyl hydrazides are widely used as organic reagents. Advances in the past decade are summarized in the following categories by key intermediates: (1) [RO2S.]; (2) RO2SSR; (3) [ArS.]; (4) [RO2S−]; (5) RSO2‐[Metal] species; (6) Ar‐[Metal] species; (7) RSX; (8) RS‐DBU; (9) nucleophilic amino group; (10) sulfonyl hydrazides as diazene or sulfinic acid surrogate. Reactions with alkenes, alkynes, aldehydes, alcohols, thiophenol, Grignard reagents, among others, are discussed. We hope this review will promote future research in this area.magnified image
Association between Pregnancy and Cervical Artery Dissection
Authors: Salehi Omran Setareh , Parikh Neal S. , Poisson Sharon , Armstrong Jennifer , Merkler Alexander E. , Prabhu Malavika , Navi Babak B. , Riley Laura E. , Fink Matthew E. , Kamel Hooman 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveWe wanted to determine whether pregnancy is associated with cervical artery dissection.MethodsWe performed a case–control study using claims data from all nonfederal emergency departments and acute care hospitals in New York and Florida between 2005 and 2015. Cases were women 12–42 years of age hospitalized with cervical artery dissection, defined using validated diagnosis codes for carotid/vertebral artery dissection. Controls were women 12–42 years of age with a primary diagnosis of renal colic. Cases and controls were matched 1:1 on age, race, insurance, income, state, and visit year. The exposure variable was pregnancy, defined as labor and delivery within 90 days before or 6 months after the index visit. Logistic regression was used to compare the odds of pregnancy between cases and controls. We performed a secondary cohort‐crossover study comparing the risk of cervical artery dissection during pregnancy versus the same time period 1 year later.ResultsPregnancy was twice as common among 826 women with cervical artery dissection compared with the 826 matched controls with renal colic (odds ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3–4.7). In our secondary analysis, pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of cervical artery dissection (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 2.2; 95% CI, 1.3–3.5), with the heightened risk limited to the postpartum period (IRR, 5.5; 95% CI, 2.6–11.7).InterpretationPregnancy, specifically the postpartum period, was associated with hospitalization for cervical artery dissection. Although these findings might in part reflect ascertainment bias, our results suggest that arterial dissection is one mechanism by which pregnancy can lead to stroke. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:596–602
Reconfigurable T‐junction DNA Origami
Authors: Young Katherine G. , Najafi Behnam , Sant William M. , Contera Sonia , Louis Ard A. , Doye Jonathan P. K. , Turberfield Andrew J. , Bath Jonathan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDNA self‐assembly allows the construction of nanometre‐scale structures and devices. Structures with thousands of unique components are routinely assembled in good yield. Experimental progress has been rapid, based largely on empirical design rules. Herein, we demonstrate a DNA origami technique designed as a model system with which to explore the mechanism of assembly. The origami fold is controlled through single‐stranded loops embedded in a double‐stranded DNA template and is programmed by a set of double‐stranded linkers that specify pairwise interactions between loop sequences. Assembly is via T‐junctions formed by hybridization of single‐stranded overhangs on the linkers with the loops. The sequence of loops on the template and the set of interaction rules embodied in the linkers can be reconfigured with ease. We show that a set of just two interaction rules can be used to assemble simple T‐junction origami motifs and that assembly can be performed at room temperature.
Synthesis and properties of UV‐curable waterborne urethane modified acrylic coatings with varying vinyl content
Authors: Li Tongqing , Zhang Pingan , Chen Bo , Liu Simeng , Deng Jianru 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIt has been an effective method to improve the metal protective performance of UV‐curable waterborne coatings by increasing the crosslinking degree. Hence, a series of UV‐curable waterborne urethane modified acrylic (UV‐WUA) coatings with different vinyl content were prepared. Firstly, a functional prepolymer containing carboxyl and hydroxyl groups was synthesized by free radical copolymerization (FRCP) using acrylic acid (AA), 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate (BA). Next, it was grafted with different amounts of semi‐adduct of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and HEA (IPDI‐HEA), and finally neutralized and hydrated, obtaining UV‐WUA dispersions which were then cured by UV to acquire cured films and coatings. Meanwhile, molecular structures, molecular weights, particle sizes, and Zeta potentials were characterized. Then, the heat resistance, mechanical performance, adhesion and the pencil hardness of the coatings were also investigated. Moreover, their protective performance was tested by electrochemical methods, and the surface morphology was analyzed by atomic force microscopy. The results showed that the coating had desirable comprehensive performance when vinyl content reached 0.86 mmol·g−1.
Efficient polymer solar cells utilizing solution‐processed interlayer based on different conjugated backbones
Authors: Shi Yueqin , Yu Zhanyang , Li Zhengjun , Zhao Xiaodong , Li Xin , Xu Minxuan , Zhang Xuefeng , Zhang Qi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe poor energy conversion efficiency for those polymer solar cells (PSCs) creates an obstacle for their commercialization. Inspired by this issue, two cathode interlayers, PBTBTz‐TMAI and PBTzPh‐TMAI based on benzothiadiazole (BT) and benzotriazole (BTz)‐conjugated or benzene (Ph) and BTz‐conjugated alternating units (both exhibits the same tetravalent amine‐end side chain), were synthesized via Suzuki coupling polymerization and trivalent amine‐end ionization. When PBTBTz‐TMAI and PBTzPh‐TMAI were utilized as cathode interlayers in PSCs, the charge‐carrier transfer from active layer to cathode electrode was significantly improved, accompanied by an optimized exciton dissociation efficiency, primarily attributed to the introduction of tetravalent amine groups. Consequently, the device with PBTBTz‐TMAI exhibited power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) = 8.3 and 10.5% for the PTB7:PC71BM‐based and PBDB‐T:ITIC‐based PSCs, respectively. In parallel, devices with a PBTzPh‐TMAI cathode interlayer (that were established on the active layers of PTB7:PC71BM and PBDB‐T:ITIC) obtained a remarkably superior optoelectric efficiency with PCEs = 8.5 and 10.8%. These findings offer an alternative tactic toward to high efficiency PSCs to meet the increasing energy crisis.
Queen ConchLobatus gigaspopulation estimates and age structure suggest a potential natural refuge on the Cay Sal Bank, The Bahamas
Authors: Souza Jr Philip M. , Kough Andrew S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCultural and economic demands for queen conch,Lobatus gigas(Linnaeus, 1758), have led to the overexploitation of this iconic species throughout its range in the wider Caribbean. Fisheries managers have responded in many ways, from remaining idle to placing moratoriums on conch harvest, yet heavily harvested conch populations have been slow to recover, and descriptions of natural baselines are missing.The study describes a population of conch surveyed on the isolated, partially submerged, carbonate platform known as the Cay Sal Bank, The Bahamas, using traditional and interpolation techniques. Counts and shell measurements of conch within six study areas were obtained using 118 timed dive surveys over shallow water habitat (<20 m).The density and standing stock of adult conch were calculated using raw estimates, estimates retroactively standardized by distance, and estimates from Geographic Information Systems (GIS) kriging interpolation. All methods result in similar abundance estimates and include one of the highest abundances of conch found for decades in legally fishable waters within the Caribbean.Shell measurements revealed multiple‐year cohorts within the nurseries encountered, suggesting consistent recruitment. Lip thickness, a proxy for age, significantly increased with distance to Nassau in unprotected areas within The Bahamas, and Cay Sal Bank contains the second oldest average population observed in legally fishable waters.Media reports show that remote Bahamian banks are increasingly threatened by poaching as fishers deplete accessible stocks. Biophysical models demonstrate potential larval connectivity from Cay Sal Bank to both the Grand and Little Bahamas banks. We suggest protecting Cay Sal Bank as a modern baseline for conservation management and as a larval source located upstream of major Bahamian fishing grounds.
An aminonaphthalene‐based colorimetric and fluorescent sensor for selective recognition of Fe3+ in water
Authors: Nizar Syaza Atikah , Kobayashi Takaomi , Mohd Suah Faiz Bukhari 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper describes the synthesis of poly(1‐aminonaphthalene) and its application as a chemosensor for detection of Fe3+ using the naked eye and a fluorimetric method. The conjugated polymer was synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization using FeCl3 as a catalyst. The response of the polymer towards various metal ions was investigated using colorimetric detection, and ultraviolet–visible and fluorescence spectroscopies. The polymer displayed high selectivity and sensitivity towards Fe3+ compared with other metal ions. A significant colour change from purple to yellow was observed upon addition of Fe3+ by the naked eye. The polymer also showed a high selectivity and sensitivity ‘turn‐off’ fluorescence response towards Fe3+ ions. A good linear response was obtained for Fe3+ concentrations in the range 10–50 mg L−1 with a detection limit of 1.04 mg L−1. The proposed chemosensor was applied for determination of Fe3+ content in water samples and satisfactory results were obtained.
Correlation between the level of the external wound and the internal injury in penetrating neck injury does not favour an initial zonal management approach
Authors: Madsen A S , Bruce J L , Oosthuizen G V , Bekker W , Smith M , Manchev V , Laing G L , Clarke D L 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Many current protocols for managing penetrating neck injuries (PNIs) still suggest zonal approaches. This study was undertaken to determine the correlation between the zone of the external wound and the level of the internal injury, and to verify whether a ‘no-zone’ approach to PNI is valid.

Methods
Patients admitted with a PNI to a tertiary trauma care centre between January 2011 and May 2018 were identified from a trauma database. Those with confirmed injury to the vascular system or an aerodigestive tract injury (ADTI) were included in the study. The medical records of each patient were reviewed with regard to the zone of the external wound and the level of internal injury, and the findings were compared.

Results
In the period under review, 1075 patients were treated for a PNI. Of these, 298 (27·7 per cent) had a confirmed vascular injury or ADTI and were included in the cohort. In 176 patients (59·1 per cent) the site of the internal injury was in the same zone as the external wound. In a further 70 patients (23·5 per cent) there was no correlation between the site of the internal injury and the external wound, and in the remaining 52 patients (17·4 per cent) the correlation could not be determined. In this cohort, all clinically assessable patients with significant injuries had either physical signs suggestive of injury or deep surgical emphysema on radiological examination.

Conclusion
An approach to PNI based on zones is questionable, and this study supports a no-zone approach based on imaging guided by clinical examination.
RETRACTED: LINC00240 promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration and EMT via the miR‐124‐3p / DNMT3B axis
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Yan Jing , Wang Yiting , Wang Caifeng , Zhang Cheng , Li Guohua 
Published: June 2020

Gastric cancer (GC) remains one of prevalent causes of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. Long noncoding RNA is related to various cancers. Our study was conducted to explore the biological effects of LINC00240 on the tumorigenesis of GC and uncover its possible mechanisms. LINC00240 expression was determined in GC cell lines and samples through quantitative Real‐time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT‐PCR). The functional effects of LINC00240 were validated using in vitro and in vivo assays. Targets were assessed by AGO2‐dependent RNA immunoprecipitation assay and dual‐luciferase report assays. Our findings suggested higher LINC00240 expression in GC tissues and cells. Through downregulating LINC00240, cell proliferation, invasion and migration were retarded in vitro, and tumorigenesis of GC cells was notably suppressed in vivo. Further research showed that LINC00240 was a cytoplasmic lncRNA that shared miRNA response elements of microRNA (miR)‐124‐3p with DNMT3B, thus forming a LINC00240/miR‐124‐3p/DNMT3B axis explaining the functions of LINC00240. In a word, our study reveals that LINC00240 promotes GC tumorigenesis via a LINC00240/miR‐124‐3p/DNMT3B axis as an oncogene. These findings objectivise that LINC00240 may be a potential diagnostic biomarker for GC.Significance of the studyGastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer‐related death across the world. Then we analysed lncRNA microarray of GC and selected LINC00240 as the study object. Therefore, the potential molecular mechanism as well as physiological function of LINC00240 in GC was discussed. Then we reveal that LINC00240 acts as an oncogene in GC progression via the miR‐99a‐5p/IGF1R axis. This study is the first to demonstrate the roles of LINC00240 in GC.