bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sinonasal Outcome Scores and Imaging: A Concurrent Assessment of Factors Influencing Their Association
Authors: Zhou Allen S. , Prince Anthony A. , Maxfield Alice Z. , Corrales C. Eduardo , Shin Jennifer J. 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThe overall discriminatory ability of validated instrument scores for computed tomography (CT) findings of chronic rhinosinusitis has limitations and may be modified by multiple factors. To support optimal methods for assessment, we studied which factors could influence this relationship, including the concurrent impact of multiple discrete CT scoring mechanisms, colocalized imaging findings, and nasal comorbid conditions.Study DesignObservational outcomes study.SettingAcademic medical center.MethodsPatients with sinonasal complaints who completed the 22‐item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) and underwent CT were included. Multivariate ordinal regression was utilized to assess associations. CT data were quantified with the Lund‐Mackay system, Zinreich system, and a direct measure of maximal mucosal thickness. The impact of incidental findings (mucous retention cysts, periapical dental disease) and nasal comorbid conditions was also assessed.ResultsA total of 233 patients were included. SNOT‐22 nasal scores were significantly associated with CT results when those with incidental findings were excluded, regardless of the radiologic scoring mechanism utilized: Lund‐Mackay regression coefficient, 0.321 (P =. 046); Zinreich, 0.340 (P =. 033); and maximum mucosal thickness, 0.316 (P =. 040). This relationship subsided when incidental findings were present. SNOT‐22 overall scores, sleep scores, and psychological domain scores had no significant association with imaging results, regardless of radiologic scoring system utilized. Nasal comorbid conditions had inconsistent associations.ConclusionsSNOT‐22 nasal domain scores were associated with all 3 radiologic scoring systems when incidental findings were absent but not when they were present. Delineating the presence or absence of these colocalized findings affected the relationship between SNOT‐22 scores and radiological results, beyond other concurrent factors.
Outcomes of patients with acute prosthetic aortic valve endocarditis
Authors: Malvindi Pietro Giorgio , Olevano Carlo , Luthra Suvitesh , Tsang Geoffrey , Barlow Clifford , Ohri Sunil 
Published: November 2020

Background Prosthetic valve endocarditis is burdened by high mortality and morbidity. We reviewed our experience in the management of patients with acute prosthetic aortic valve infection and studied the implications and outcomes associated with surgical treatment and medical therapy. Methods Data of 118 consecutive patients admitted during the period 2008–2018 with definite acute prosthetic aortic valve endocarditis, and presenting a surgical indication, were retrieved from the hospital database. Univariate and multivariate analysis were undertaken to study the association of preoperative characteristics with hospital mortality and the probability of undergoing a reoperation. Survival was assessed with Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results In the overall population, prosthesis dehiscence was independently associated with the possibility of undergoing surgical reoperation, while presentation with embolic stroke was associated with medical treatment. Hospital mortality was 24%, medical treatment was found to be independently associated with early death. One hundred (85%) patients underwent redo procedures; aortic valve replacement was performed in 53 and full root replacement in 47. Postoperative hospital mortality was 17%. Survival at 1-, 5-, and 8-years was 78%, 74%, and 66%, respectively. Freedom from reoperation and recurrent endocarditis was 95% at 8-year follow-up. Hospital mortality in patients who did not receive a redo operation was 61% with a survival rate of 17% at 1-year follow-up. Conclusions Surgical mortality after reoperation for prosthetic aortic valve endocarditis is still high but mid-term outcomes are satisfactory. Failure to undertake surgery when indicated is an independent risk factor for early death.
Knowledge and Prevalence of Heart Disease Risk Factors Among Staff of a Tertiary Institution in Nigeria
Authors: Dele-Ojo BF , Raimi TH , Fadare JO , Ajayi EA , Ajayi DD , Ojo OD , Dada SA , Ajayi OA , Ogunmodede JA 
Published: November 2020

Background Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of mortality worldwide. Hence, awareness of cardiovascular risk factors is an essential step towards effective reduction of the disease burden. This study determined the knowledge and prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among Staff of Ekiti State University. Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Methods A cross-sectional study which comprised of 223 members of staff. Results There were 103 males (46.2%). Low knowledge of heart disease risk factors was found in 68.6% of the respondents. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, overweight, obesity, physical inactivity was 35.4%, 12.1%, 31.8%, 23.3%, and 83% respectively. Family history of hypertension was a predictor of a high level of knowledge. Conclusion A low level of knowledge and increasing prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors existed among staff of Ekiti State University, Nigeria. Hence, there should be a step-up of awareness campaigns and promotion of healthy lifestyle among this category of people.
Clinical management of pregnancies with positive screening results for rare autosomal aneuploidies at a single center
Authors: Gou Lingshan , Fang Yuan , Wang Na , Zhang Man , Liu Tianya , Wang Yi , Hu Shunan , Zhang Yan , Wu Qin , Wang Yifan , Suo Feng , Gu Maosheng 
Published: November 2020

Objective To review our experiences on clinical management of pregnancies with positive noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) results for rare autosomal aneuploidies (RAAs) at a single center. Methods We performed a retrospective study and reviewed data from 18,016 pregnancies undergoing NIPT at a single center in China from March 2017 to February 2020. Depending on the patient’s choice, women with positive screening results for RAAs underwent chromosomal microarray analysis for invasive prenatal diagnosis. Results Thirty-three positive cases for RAAs were identified, with a positive screening rate of 0.18%. The most common RAA was trisomy 7 (33.3%), while trisomies for other chromosomes were less frequent. Monosomies involving chromosomes 16, 14, and 22 were observed. Twenty-eight cases of RAAs underwent invasive diagnosis. Abnormal pregnancy outcomes were observed in four cases, including true fetal mosaicism (n=1), partial uniparental disomy (n=1), miscarriage (n=1), and structural anomalies on ultrasound (n=1). Conclusions RAAs at NIPT might be associated with fetal uniparental disomy, mosaic aneuploidy, and poor pregnancy outcomes, but most positive cases have normal pregnancy outcomes. For RAAs, genetic counseling on the potential risks of abnormal NIPT results, as well as on benefits and limitations of invasive prenatal diagnosis, might help guide clinical management.
Combination of trastuzumab and taxane-containing intensified chemotherapy in first-line treatment of HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Gürbüz Mustafa , Akkuş Erman , Sakin Abdullah , Urvay Semiha , Demiray Atike Gökçen , Şahin Süleyman , Şakalar Teoman , Erol Cihan , Şendur Mehmet ali Nahit , Şahin Ahmet Bilgehan , Çubukçu Erdem , Güven Deniz Can , Kılıçkap Saadettin , Ergün Yakup , Uncu Doğan , Turhal Nazım Serdar , Üskent Necdet , Yeşil Çınkır Havva , Demir Atakan , Acar Ramazan , Karadurmuş Nuri , Türker Sema , Altınbaş Mustafa , Karaoğlan Mert , Çay Şenler Filiz 
Published: November 2020

Purpose: Taxane-containing combinations are recommended for the first-line therapy of advanced gastric cancer. It is not known which chemotherapy regimen is the best with trastuzumab for HER2-positive patients. The aim of this study was to compare taxane-containing intensified chemotherapy versus standard chemotherapy in combination with trastuzumab in the first-line treatment of HER2-positive advanced gastric adenocarcinoma. Methods: This study is a retrospective multicenter study of the Turkish Oncology Group. A total of 130 HER2-positive patients with inoperable locally advanced, recurrent, or metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma being given chemotherapy plus trastuzumab as the first-line treatment were included from 16 different oncology centers. Trastuzumab combination with intensified chemotherapy including taxane or standard chemotherapy was compared in terms of progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicity. Results: There were 108 patients in the standard and 22 patients in the intensified chemotherapy group. PFS of the standard and intensified group were 5.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.8–6.4) and 5.3 months (95% CI 2.6–8), respectively ( p = 0.70). OS of the standard and intensified group were 11.1 months (95% CI 8.3–13.9) and 15.2 months (95% CI 12.7–17.7), respectively ( p = 0.03). Repeated analysis excluding patients given any previous therapy revealed similar results. The intensified group had more fever and febrile neutropenia. Conclusion: Trastuzumab combination with intensified chemotherapy provides better OS in first-line treatment of HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer. Further large-scale studies should be performed in HER2-positive patients.
Association Between Chronic Medical Conditions and Acute Perinatal Psychiatric Health-Care Encounters Among Migrants: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: McKnight Anthony , Vigod Simone N. , Dennis Cindy-Lee , Wanigaratne Susitha , Brown Hilary K. 
Published: November 2020

Objectives: To examine the relationship between prepregnancy chronic medical conditions (CMCs) and the risk of acute perinatal psychiatric health-care encounters (i.e., psychiatric emergency department visits, hospitalizations) among refugees, nonrefugee immigrants, and long-term residents in Ontario. Methods: We conducted a population-based study of 15- to 49-year-old refugees ( N = 29,189), nonrefugee immigrants ( N = 187,430), and long-term residents ( N = 641,385) with and without CMC in Ontario, Canada, with a singleton live birth in 2005 to 2015 and no treatment for mental illness in the 2 years before pregnancy. Modified Poisson regression was used to estimate the relative risk of a psychiatric emergency department visit or hospitalization from conception until 1 year postpartum among women with versus without CMC, stratified by migrant status. An unstratified model with an interaction term between CMC and migrant status was used to test for multiplicativity of effects. Results: The association between CMC and risk of a psychiatric emergency department visit or hospitalization was stronger among refugees (adjusted relative risk [aRR] = 1.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36 to 2.58) compared to long-term residents (aRR = 1.39; 95% CI, 1.30 to 1.48; interaction P = 0.047). The strength of the association was no different in nonrefugee immigrants (aRR = 1.26; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.51) compared to long-term residents (interaction P = 0.45). Conclusion: Our study identifies refugee women with CMC as a high-risk group for acute psychiatric health care in the perinatal period. Preventive psychosocial interventions may be warranted to enhance supportive resources for all women with CMC and, in particular refugee women, to reduce the risk of acute psychiatric health care in the perinatal period.
Adolescent Susceptibility to E-Cigarettes: An Update From the 2018 National Youth Tobacco Survey
Authors: Tackett Alayna P. , Keller-Hamilton Brittney , Hébert Emily T. , Smith Caitlin E. , Wallace Samantha W. , Stevens Elise M. , Johnson Amanda L. , Wagener Theodore L. 
Published: November 2020

Purpose: Examine correlates of e-cigarette susceptibility among adolescents. Design: Secondary data analyses using the 2018 National Youth Tobacco Survey, excluding participants under 12 and over 17. Setting: United States middle and high schools. Subjects: Never e-cigarette users ( n = 12,439) ages 12-17. Measures: Relationships between e-cigarette susceptibility and age, sex, race/ethnicity, ever tobacco use, perceived ease of purchasing tobacco products, perceived harm, relative addictiveness, household use of e-cigarettes/tobacco were examined. Analysis: Odds of susceptibility were modeled with weighted multivariable logistic regressions. Results: Thirty-five percent (unweighted n = 4,436) of adolescents were susceptible to e-cigarettes. Adolescents who were female (aOR = 1.2), Hispanic (aOR = 1.3), perceived e-cigarettes as anything less than “a lot of harm” (aOR = 2.2-4.9) and “easy” to purchase (aOR = 1.4), had ever used combustible tobacco (aOR = 2.9), or reported household use of e-cigarettes (aOR = 1.5) were susceptible. Non-Hispanic black respondents (vs. non-Hispanic white; aOR = 0.72) had significantly lower odds of susceptibility to e-cigarettes. Conclusion: In the 2018 NYTS adolescent sample, perceptions of harm and ease of tobacco product purchase appear to be significantly related to higher odds of e-cigarette susceptibility, in addition to other demographic factors. Longitudinal data, particularly cohort data following adolescents from susceptible to actual or no use, are needed to assess predictors of e-cigarette use initiation.
Developing the TIC Grade: A Youth Self-Report Measure of Perceptions of Trauma-Informed Care
Authors: Sinko Laura , Beck Dana , Seng Julia 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND: Service delivery organizations are advancing the provision of trauma-informed care (TIC) for youth to improve outcomes. However, currently there are no validated, reliable evaluation measures to capture the voices of adolescent clients and how well they perceive TIC implementation. AIMS: The purpose of this project was to create an evaluation measure with strong content validity for adolescent health and service users to give feedback to organizations about their implementation of TIC. This article outlines Step 1 of our instrument development, by discussing our process creating the measure and affirming content validity. Psychometric testing of this measure (Step 2) is described in a companion paper. METHODS: We combined deductive theory substruction with an inductive participatory process to create, revise, and finalize the measure. The National Center for Trauma-Informed Care’s framework of four practices and six principles was substructed into an 18-item draft measure. A four-member community youth advisory board (CYAB) then worked to inductively modify our draft to provide age-appropriate clarity and ensure a nontriggering respondent experience. Finally, the CYAB members conducted cognitive interviews with 10 other adolescents in local evening data collection events, refining the measure for future psychometric testing. RESULTS: The process resulted in a 20-item form based on CYAB feedback. Refinements included providing an accessible definition of trauma, asking questions about trauma history, and asking whether trauma affected the client’s visit on the day of service use. CONCLUSIONS: The CYAB involvement enhanced content validity and ensured a trauma-informed instrument development approach.
Understanding How Sustainability Initiatives Fail: A Framework to Aid Design of Effective Interventions
Authors: Brough Aaron R. , Donnelly Grant E. , Griskevicius Vladas , Markowitz Ezra M. , Raimi Kaitlin T. , Reeck Crystal , Trudel Remi , Waldman Kurt B. , Winterich Karen Page , Wolske Kimberly S. 
Published: November 2020

Background: Many sustainability initiatives are successful and produce results that benefit the environment. However, others miss the mark and fail to produce the desired outcome. Past research has typically focused on understanding why initiatives fail, without first considering differences in how they fail. Focus of the Article: This manuscript is related to Research and Evaluation—specifically, the social marketing concept it focuses on is evaluating the outcome of sustainability initiatives. Research Question: What are the different ways in which sustainability initiatives can fail? Program Design/Approach: A multi-day workshop of interdisciplinary behavioral sustainability scholars led to the identification of five systematic differences in how sustainability initiatives can fail, suggesting that failure can take on not only different levels of severity, but different forms altogether. Within this framework, we provide examples of each type of failure. Importance to the Social Marketing Field: We argue that diagnosing how instead of just why an initiative fails offers important insights that can reduce the likelihood of future failures—insights that may be missed by a narrow focus on the why behind any given failure. Recommendations for Research or Practice: The identification of the different ways in which sustainability initiatives fail can lead to improvements in the design and implementation of behavioral interventions, facilitating successful sustainability outcomes and preventing unintended outcomes. Specific recommendations are discussed for each type of failure. Limitations: The examples in our framework are not exhaustive, but are instead intended to be illustrative exemplars of each type of failure. Moreover, as our focus is on how sustainability initiatives fail, we do not attempt to diagnose why particular initiatives fail.
Time-dependent, dynamic prediction of fatty acid-binding protein 4, Galectin-3, and soluble ST2 measurement with poor outcome after acute stroke
Authors: Hansen Christina , Sastre Cristina , Wolcott Zoe , Bevers Matthew B , Kimberly W Taylor 
Published: November 2020

Background Time-dependent change in the level of biomarkers after stroke is not well understood. We sought to compare fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), Galectin-3, and soluble ST2 to ascertain for a change in prediction of outcome at admission and 48 h later. Methods Plasma FABP4, Galectin-3, and soluble ST2 were measured in biospecimens from acute stroke patients at the time of admission ( n = 383) and 48 h later ( n = 244). Functional outcome was assessed at 90 days using the modified Rankin Scale and dichotomized into good (modified Rankin Scale 0–2) and poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale 3–6). Results On admission, elevated levels of each biomarker predicted poor outcome (FABP4: OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.42–2.59, P < 0.0001; Galectin-3: OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.42–2.40, P < 0.0001; soluble ST2: OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.22–1.97, P < 0.0001) and death (FABP4: OR 2.45; 95% CI 1.51–3.98; P < 0.0001; Galectin-3: OR 2.12; 95% CI 1.50–3.30; P < 0.0001; soluble ST2: OR 2.17; 95% CI 1.58–2.99; P < 0.0001). At 48 h, soluble ST2 predicted poor outcome (OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.77–3.88, P < 0.0001) and mortality (OR 3.36, 95% CI 2.06–5.48, P < 0.0001), and Galectin-3 predicted mortality only (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.05–3.10, P = 0.033). FABP4 measured at 48 h was not predictive of outcome or death. Associations of Galectin-3 and soluble ST2 with outcome or mortality were independent of age, sex, and NIHSS, whereas those with FABP4 were not. Conclusions Galectin-3 performed better when measured on admission, whereas soluble ST2 was predictive at admission and better at 48 h after stroke. The time-dependent differences may reflect the evolving role of these pathways after acute stroke.
Granulomatous prostatitis: A clinico-pathological series of 27 cases
Authors: Suteri Pooja , Ahuja Arvind , Sen Achin K , Goel Hemant , Bhardwaj Minakshi , Chauhan Devendra Singh , Paliwal Purnima 
Published: November 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the incidence and discern the histomorphological spectrum of granulomatous prostatitis. Methods: A retrospective analysis of histopathological records of 1773 prostatic specimens received in the pathology department was done over a period of seven years. All histologically proven cases of granulomatous prostatitis were retrieved, the relevant clinical data were collected from patient records and the lesions were categorized accordingly. Results: Out of 1773 cases, 27 cases of granulomatous prostatitis were identified. The age range of these patients was between 50 and 89 years. Among the patients, non-specific granulomatous prostatitis (NSGP) was the most common followed by tubercular prostatitis, post-surgical prostatitis and xanthogranulomatous prostatitis. Three cases of post-surgical prostatitis were associated with malignancy. Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels ranged between 0.8 and 20.94 ng/mL (median 10.78 ng/mL). The diagnosis was made by histopathological examination of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided core biopsies, Trucut biopsies, transuretheral resection of prostate chips, prostatectomy and cystoprostatectomy specimens. Conclusion: In the present study, the incidence of granulomatous prostatitis was 1.5%. The patients usually present as hard nodules on digital rectal examination along with raised serum PSA levels. Carcinoma or benign prostatic hyperplasia was kept as a clinical diagnosis in these cases. Since the diagnosis of granulomatous prostatitis is made on histopathological examination only, meticulous histomorphological assessment is therefore required to reach a definitive diagnosis of granulomatous prostatitis.
The inequity of morbidity: Disparities in the prevalence of morbidity between ethnic groups in New Zealand
Authors: Gurney Jason , Stanley James , Sarfati Diana 
Published: November 2020

Objective: The burden of chronic disease is not evenly shared within our society. In this manuscript, we use comprehensive national-level data to compare morbidity burden between ethnic groups in New Zealand. Methods: We investigated the prevalence of morbidity among all New Zealanders aged 18+ (n = 3,296,837), stratified by ethnic group (Māori, Pacific, Asian, Middle Eastern/Latin American/African, European/Other), using national-level hospitalisation and pharmaceutical data and two measures of morbidity (the M3 and P3 indices). Results and Conclusions: We observed substantial disparities for Māori and Pacific peoples compared to other ethnic groups for the vast majority of commonly-diagnosed morbidities. These disparities appeared strongest for the most-common conditions – meaning that Māori and Pacific peoples disproportionately shoulder an increased burden of these key conditions. We also observed that prevalence of these conditions emerged at earlier ages, meaning that Māori and Pacific peoples also experience a disproportionate impact of individual conditions on the quality and quantity of life. Finally, we observed strong disparities in the prevalence of conditions that may exacerbate the impact of COVID-19, such as chronic pulmonary, liver or renal disease. The substantial inequities we have presented here have been created and perpetuated by the social determinants of health, including institutionalised racism: thus solutions will require addressing these systemic issues as well as addressing inequities in individual-level care.