bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corporate Psychopaths: implications for organizational health and well-being
Authors: D'Souza M , Oliveira D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Studies on Psychopathy in corporate settings and its toxic effects at the workplace are of the utmost importance. Corporate psychopaths reach upper echelon positions, and demonstrate egocentrism, lack of guilt or remorse; they influence those who are around them to achieve their own goals. In this regard, this study aims to discuss the implications of leaders named corporate psychopaths for the organizational health and well-being.
For this purpose, the study adopted an empirical-theoretical approach, a quantitative evaluation and a survey as the method of data collection, by applying a questionnaire made up by the Self Report Psychopathy (SRP) scale (Paulhus, Neumann, & Hare, 2014), in order to illuminate the non-pathological traits of Psychopathy; the Well-being at work Scale (Paschoal & Tamayo, 2008); and the Perception of Organizational Health Scale by Gomide Jr., Moura, Cunha, & Sousa (1999). The questionnaire was applied to 100 employees from the administrative area of an open capital Brazilian company in the educational area.
The results showed that employees who identified psychopathy traits in their immediate leaders externalized preoccupation, irritation, depression, anxiety, frustration, nervousness, tension and rage, demonstrating uneasiness at the workplace. They also reported that there is a dishonest competition to achieve higher hierarchical positions, no respect between colleagues, and people do not trust each other, demonstrating therefore aspects that reveal a compromised organizational health.
The study will make a contribution by providing insights into how companies can recognize and avoid the selection and recruitment of employees who exhibit psychopathy traits, especially due to the potential of these employess becoming leaders and compromising organizational health and well-being. The issue deserves especial attention and more studies should be carried out regarding the consequences of psychopathic leaders' actions for corporate and public health.

Key messages
Provide insights into how companies can recognize and avoid the selection and recruitment of employees who exhibit psychopathy traits and compromising organizational health and welbeing. The issue deserves especial attention and more studies should be carried out regarding the consequences of psychopathatic leaders’ actions for corporate and public health.
Experience report on the training of Brazilian dental managers using active methodologies
Authors: Nacao M , Machado V , Ribeiro S , Barreto B , Carvalho M , Witer A , Fonseca V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This is an account on the training of dental managers in a Social Welfare, not-for-profit, non-governmental institution present in all Brazilian states. Given the continental dimension of Brazil, its regional inequalities and the need for uniformity in the management conduct, as well as in the planning and evaluation of services, it is understood that developing managers' skills and competences is fundamental. Bearing in mind that the model adopted by the company is based on collective health, and its structure is organized in Primary Care, this proposal can be applied by other organizations that offer services of a similar nature. The aim of this study is to describe the training of oral health managers (n = 54) on the themes of sustainability, practices based on evidence/health economics and social determinants - themes that were requested by the managers themselves. Using problem-based learning, active and distance-learning methodologies, three working groups were set up among the managers to go through the contents of the training program, which aimed at training mentors and identifying successful service experiences for sharing. This process peaked at a face-to-face session with all participants where a specialist and their respective mentors presented each topic. The products obtained were: (1) three scientific-economic studies for decision making on the incorporation of hard technologies; (2) a guide to sustainable practices in dentistry and (3) a set of criteria for prioritizing access based on social determinants. In the evaluation of the training, 89% of managers were very satisfied, 8.98% were satisfied and 1.79% were dissatisfied. It is concluded that the methodology used in this process significantly contributed to the development of the company's regional service managers and such improvement stemmed from the empowerment, engagement and alignment of these managers, to which action plans were directed, with measures for monitoring and evaluation.

Key messages
Active methodologies in training contributes to the empowerment, engagement and alignment of dental managers before epidemiological, economic and social challenges faced in the management of services. Trainings where the participants are protagonists in all stages of the educational processes, are those that produce the best results and the highest degree of satisfaction among employees.
International co-authorship in Kazakhstan’s authors publications in medicine
Authors: Umbetzhanova A , Derbissalina G , Koikov V , Bekbergenova Z 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Starting in 2013, the rating of medical universities Republic of Kazakhstan(RK) on scientific and innovational activities was introduced. Various characteristics that can influence on scientific performance were investigated. We assessed the impact of national and international collaboration on the scientific performance of medical universities of RK.

Methods
Publications metrics such as impact factor (IF) of journals, quartile of the journal and the number of citations of RK authors in the field of medicine published in 2013-2018 in Web of Science database were analyzed, according to the level of co-authorship.

Results
Authors affiliated with one organization (group 1) average impact factor of journals was (0.391(CI = ±0.04), in national co-authorship (group 2) (0.648(CI = ±0,04), in international co-authorship (group 3) 3.703 (CI = ±0.08) There is no statistically significant difference between IF of journals in which authors are from one organization or in national co-authorship, and there is a statistically significant difference between 3 (international co-authorship) and the 1 and 2 groups. Further, the journals were distributed depending on the quartile of the journal (Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4) and an analysis was carried out depending on citations and the level of co-authorship (one organization, national, international). The highest percentage of co-authorship was found in the journals of the first quartile (92.8%), in the journals Q2-80.1%,Q3-74%,Q4-28.6%). 95.9% of citations come from publications in international co-authorship.

Conclusions
International cooperation expands the possibilities of obtaining an interest in the study. Not the poor quality of research of local authors, but the difficulty of publishing the results of research in top journals for authors from developing countries without the support of international co-authors, also due to the 'Matthew effect' for some countries. It is recommended that medical researchers should expand international cooperation

Key messages
When presenting the results of their research, researchers should consider the impact and possibilities of international co-authorship to expand the audience. The difficulty of publishing research results in leading journals for authors from developing countries without the support of international co-authors.
New generation of medical students: what they are looking for?
Authors: Dobretsova E , Arshukova I , Dugina T 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Changes in technologies and standards of life leads to the fact that each generation is very different from the previous one. Modification of generations affects the quality and the development of medicine. Current medical students are our future doctors. And changes in health care will be made by them soon. So, their views will influence the development of health care system in the future. Therefore, it is important for us to understand how today's graduates see their future work and what is important for them.

Methods
The opinions of 720 final year medical students were investigated using an anonymous questionnaire in Krasnoyarsk, Russia. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 program by the following methods (p &lt; 0.05): descriptive statistics, decision trees analysis, χ2-test.

Results
Medicine have to change rapidly in accordance with the demands of new generations. Only in such case, current graduates of medical schools would like to work in practice medicine in the future. In this work, factors that are important for the work of modern students were investigated. Such posers were examined: the opportunities to work in rural areas and the basis for such decisions, the choice of future doctors' specialty, the young doctors' self-confidence and how much time they need experienced doctors' support as mentors. To avoid further staff shortages, we have to take into account the needs and priorities of today's graduates.

Conclusions
Practically all of the graduates are not ready to work alone immediately after medical school graduation - 97.0% of them report that they need a mentor. In addition, the majority of them prefer to work with mentor for a year or more (80.5%). Practically half of the students are ready to work in rural areas (49.5%); the most important factors that influence their decision are salary, free housing and clinic's equipment (important for 53.4%, 35.9% and 26.5% of the graduates, respectively).

Key messages
The majority of the graduates are not ready to work alone immediately after medical school graduation and need a mentor for a year or more. Increased salary, free housing and good clinic’s equipment may attract the medical graduates to work in rural areas.
Global health challenges: Are future physicians prepared? The results of a 4 years training experience
Authors: Sisti L G , Frisicale E M , Corsaro A , Parente P , Riccardi M T , Villani L , Barbara A , Di Pietro M L , Ricciardi W , Bruno S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Current health challenges are highlighting as Global Health (GH) is a discipline of growing importance for future physicians. Although its training is globally recommended, it has not universally entered the curricula of degree courses in Medicine and Surgery. A cycle of 6 seminars in global health has been promoted by researchers and public health residents of the Center for Research and Studies in GH of the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (UCSC) in Rome, and offered for 4 consecutive years to medical students attending the UCSC.

Objectives and Methods
Main goal was increasing students knowledge and awareness in global health issues exploring their needs and perceptions about the impact of the topic on their future career. Two-hours frontal lessons held by experts and practical sessions (PBL) facilitated by promoters were planned on topics as determinants and inequalities in health, UHC, fragile and vulnerable population as migrants and victims of violence, SDGs, AIDS and emerging infectious diseases,international cooperation, maternal-child health. A pre-course, single event and post-course questionnaire was administered to participants.

Results
A mean of 48 students (± 15.7SD), 66.7% females, attending mainly the second(40.4%) and the third year (39%), joined each event. The analysis of the pre-course questionnaire has highlighted students' interest in healthcare inequalities, pandemics, migration, health in developing countries, healthcare systems. At the end, 92% of participants has considered the course interesting, 87% stated that the topic should be part of the degree course and 78% that it will influence their career. The methodology was considered adequate in 94% of cases underlining its strong incentive to work in team.

Conclusions
The strong interest of medical students in acquiring skills in global health seems to firmly encourage its inclusion and strengthening in study plans to prepare them properly to face the future challenges in health.

Key messages
Medical students consider the global health training relevant for their career encouraging its inclusion in the Medicine and Surgery curriculum. Practical sessions and team work could be useful tools to adequately train the future health workforce.
Using technology to access health information: greater WASH knowledge/behaviors in Indonesian mothers
Authors: Beckstead E , Niedfeldt H , Chahalis E , Jensen M , Reher B , Torres S , Jusril H , Rachmi C N , West J , Hall C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Despite attention, childhood stunting in Indonesia persists. Proper WASH (Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene) practices help lower childhood stunting. As internet access in Indonesia grows, seeking health information online is increasing. However, research on using technology to increase WASH knowledge and behaviors in Indonesia is limited. The purpose of this study is to assess whether Indonesian women using technology to access health information have higher WASH knowledge and behaviors.

Methods
1,740 mothers with children under the age of two were randomly selected with three-stage cluster sampling. They were surveyed and interviewed about handwashing and sanitary defecation benefits, steps, and practices. Adjusted and unadjusted logistic and linear regression models were used to compare WASH outcomes between those who used technology to access health information and the control group. The models controlled for mother's age, mother's education, and total household income.

Results
Participants who used technology to access health information were more likely to know the benefits (OR = 2.603; CI = 1.666-4.067) and five critical times (OR = 1.217; CI=.969-1.528) of proper handwashing. Mothers were more likely to know the risks of open defecation (OR = 1.627; CI = 1.170-2.264) and understand disease transmission from stool (OR = 1.894; CI = 1.438-2.495). Those using technology to access health information were more likely to report using a gooseneck, squat toilet, septic tank, or closed ground to discard feces than the control group (OR = 3.858; CI = 2.628-5.665).

Conclusions
Using technology to access health information was associated with increased handwashing and defecation knowledge and safe elimination of feces. It was not associated with an increase in handwashing with soap. Technology can be used to increase WASH knowledge and behavior, but further research is needed to effectively use technology to increase optimal handwashing behaviors.

Key messages
Increasing technology access may encourage good water, sanitation and hygiene behavior change. Using technology to access health information yielded safer defecation practices but not better handwashing practices. Further research is needed.
Meta-analysis of the efficacy of ertapenem in preventing SSIs after elective colorectal surgery
Authors: Vicentini C , Corradi A , Corcione S , De Rosa F G , Zotti C M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The efficacy of standard surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis (SAP) regimens in preventing surgical site infections (SSIs) after colorectal surgery is declining, along with rising rates of intestinal colonization with antimicrobial resistant (AMR) Enterobacteriaceae and Bacteroides spp. Ertapenem has been approved by the FDA and EMA for SAP in this context, however it has not been used extensively for this indication out of concern for increasing carbapenem-resistance rates. A limited number of studies have investigated the efficacy of ertapenem in preventing SSIs after colorectal surgery, comparing ertapenem with different agents or combinations of agents.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA checklist. PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched for studies measuring the efficacy of ertapenem in preventing SSIs following elective colorectal procedures. Studies were considered eligible if they reported extractable data on the proportion of SSIs and/or on the proportion of AMR pathogens isolated from SSIs. Data from all ertapenem study arms were extracted. A random effects meta-analysis was performed to estimate the overall proportion of SSI.

Results
Of 1109 identified studies, 5 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis, totalling 3176 participants. The pooled proportion of SSI was 0.10 (95% CI 0.05-0.18; I2=96%; τ2=0.6323; p ≤ 0.01). Only one study reported data on carbapenem resistance: out of 124 isolates from 30 patients, 1 gram negative carbapenem-resistant isolate was identified.

Conclusions
The pooled proportion of SSI using ertapenem as SAP found in this study is in line with the proportion of SSI using standard SAP found by a recent meta-analysis (Gandra, 2019). According to this analysis, the benefit of ertapenem does not outweigh the risk of further promoting AMR, although results should be interpreted with caution due to the high heterogeneity among included studies.

Key messages
According to this study, the efficacy of ertapenem in preventing surgical site infections after elective colorectal surgery is comparable to the efficacy of standard surgical antibiotic prophylaxis. The emergence of carbapenem resistance after surgical prophylaxis with ertapenem should be further investigated through longer term studies before widespread use for this indication.
Financial impact of including dentists in UCIs for reducing cases of Nosocomial Pneumonia
Authors: Simoes A , Greche N , Merchan L , Raimundo A , Cezario L , Cavalcante D , Meneghin M , Pereira A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
It is a study of Financial Impact Analysis, where the financial consequences arising from the possibility of inclusion of the dentist in the Intensive Care Units (ICU), within the reality of the Unified Health System (SUS), were evaluated in Brazil. It was based on a quick review of the literature and economic evaluation with reference to the year 2018. Information on costs and hospitalizations were collected from the official databases of the Ministry of Health, the Federal Council of Medicine and the Union of Dentists of the State of São Paulo. Only the direct medical costs related to the hospitalizations were calculated. Scenarios were simulated for a time horizon of 1 year (2018) and a sensitivity analysis was made for a more optimistic scenario (values 20% lower) and another less optimistic (values 20% higher). On average, the presence of a dentist in the ICU reduces the development of pneumonia cases by 56% and 8.18 days, which represents a savings of 34.92% in hospitalization costs in the evaluated scenario. In Brazil, when hiring dentists in all ICUs, each avoided case would contribute to savings of R$ 7,949.45 (1US$ = R$ 4,02 in 30/10/2019), ranging from R$ 6,359.56 to R$ 9,539.35 in the optimistic and pessimistic scenarios, respectively, where each case avoided is higher than the dentist's monthly salary. It would be necessary to spend R$ 142,060,140.00 on hiring the dentist to cover the ICUs, making the final savings more than 865 million reais. It is concluded that the inclusion of the Dental Surgeon (DS) in ICU teams would have a positive economic impact, with savings in hospitalization costs from the perspective of SUS. The COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, depending on the State's action in containment strategies, could require 2.17 times more in the bests of scenarios where the action of total suppression would be used. Such a situation requires emergency measures, and the role of the dentist is a strategy that can support the health system.

Key messages
Dental care in the ICU is an important and cost-effectiveness strategy for the control of microorganisms that act in the evolution of the pneumonia nosocomial. Such a situation requires emergency measures, and the role of the dentist is a strategy that can support the health system.
Vaccinations and the movement of antivaccers
Authors: Rosiello F , D'Oca E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Recently, also thanks to some political parties that defend no-vax theories, vaccination coverage is decreasing, increasing the costs of health care spending and the resistance of pathogens to antibiotics. Some studies begin to show that vaccines, reducing the spread of pathogens (also by means of the so-called flock effect), reduce, in addition to mortality, morbidity and cost of health care, also the antibiotic-resistance, which it is increasingly a big problem in industrialized countries.

Methods
analysis of available literature and other valid government sources. The research was carried out by inserting on Pubmed: “vaccines”, “antimicrobial resistence”, “vaccines AND antimicrobial resistence”, “cost vaccination”, “cost antimicrobial resistence”. Later we added “AND Italy” to the previous queries.

Results
mistrust in the vaccines is spread in a variable way within and outside the borders of the European Union[1]: 41% in France, 21% in Italy, 13% in the USA and 10% in Germany; last, the UK with only 9%, compared to a world average of 12%. Regarding costs, the proportion of infections on total acute hospitalizations under ordinary conditions is constantly increasing and in 2014 reached 36.5 per thousand. The infections lengthen the average stay of 3 days (DS: 0.4-10) and giving the value of 700€, on average, to the additional days of hospitalization attributable to infections, we understand how the annual expenditure varies between 369 and 492 millions of euros. As for the total direct and indirect costs of influenza, which for Italy are estimated at 2.86 billion€, vaccinating the whole adult population would fall to 1.56 billion (-€1.3 billion). All this leads to an increase In healthcare spending (in 2015 the National Health System spent €317.9 million on vaccine purchases, Or only 1.4% of total pharmaceutical expenditures), both in terms of resources diagnosis, treatment and treatment, both in terms of working days lost due to illness and post-infectious period.

Key messages
The political fight against antivaccinist movements is as important as the promotion of vaccines in the reduction of AMR. The cost to reduce antivacciners movements are an investment to reduce cost of AMR.