bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term clinical benefits of Sofosbuvir‐based direct antiviral regimens for patients with chronic hepatitis C in Central and West Africa
Authors: Baudoin Mael , Woode Maame E. , Nishimwe Marie Libérée , Lemoine Maud , Sylla Babacar , Kouanfack Charles , Moh Raoul , Seydi Moussa , Rouveau Nicolas , Attia Alain , Lacombe Karine , Boyer Sylvie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn Sub‐Saharan Africa, chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is a major public health issue. We estimated the long‐term clinical benefits of treating CHC with sofosbuvir‐based regimens in Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire and Senegal using Markov model combining data from the literature with estimates of direct‐acting antiviral (DAAs) effectiveness in West and Central Africa.MethodsDisease progression was simulated with and without treatment in fictive cohorts of patients “diagnosed” with CHC in Cameroon (n = 3224), Côte d'Ivoire (n = 9748) and Senegal (n = 6358). Lifetime treatment benefits were assessed using (a) life‐years saved (LYS); (b) life‐years (LY) avoided in compensated cirrhosis (CC), decompensated cirrhosis (DC) and hepatocellular carcinoma; and (c) comparison of the proportions of patients at each disease stage with and without treatment. Probabilistic and determinist sensitivity analyses were performed to address uncertainty.ResultsSofosbuvir‐based treatment would save [mean, 95% confidence intervals] 3.3 (2.5; 5.7) LY per patient in Cameroon, 2.7 (2.1; 4.8) in Côte d'Ivoire and 3.6 (2.8; 6.3) in Senegal. With treatment, approximately 6% (1%) of the patients still alive in each of the study countries would be in the CC (DC) health state 11 (15) years after CHC diagnosis, vs 15% (5%) without treatment. Scenario analysis showed earlier diagnosis and treatment initiation would dramatically improve LYS and morbidity.ConclusionSofosbuvir‐based treatment could significantly reduce CHC‐related mortality and help control CHC‐related liver disease progression in West and Central Africa. However, the goal of disease elimination necessitates a substantial decrease in DAAs prices, greater political commitment and increases in both national and external health expenditures.
Epidemiology, antifungal susceptibility, risk factors and mortality of invasive candidiasis in neonates and children in a tertiary teaching hospital in Southwest China
Authors: Zeng Zhangrui , Tian Gang , Ding Yinhuan , Yang Kui , Deng Jian , Liu Jinbo 
Published: July 2020

SummaryBackgroundInvasive candidiasis (IC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates and children; however, little information on the epidemiology of IC in paediatric patients in China is available.MethodsA 7‐year retrospective study was conducted to analyse the prevalence, species distributions, antifungal susceptibility, risk factors and mortality among paediatric inpatients with IC in a regional tertiary teaching hospital in Southwest China.ResultsA total of 86 paediatric inpatients with IC during the seven‐year study period were identified, with a mean annual incidence of 1.04 cases per 1000 admissions and a neonatal incidence of 2.72 cases per 1000 admissions. The species distributions of Candida albicans and non‐albicans Candida were 48.8% and 51.2%, respectively. The total resistance rates to fluconazole (FCA), itraconazole (ITR) and voriconazole (VRC) were 8.1%, 26.7% and 14.0%, respectively. Age, length of hospital stay, respiratory dysfunction, hospitalisation duration > 30 days and IC due to C albicans and Candida glabrata were associated with neonatal mortality (P < 0.05) according to univariate analyses. Respiratory dysfunction [odds ratio (OR), 50.03; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.47‐721.44; P = 0.004] was the only independent predictor of neonatal mortality. The overall mortality rate was 8.1%, and only neonatal IC patients died, with a neonatal mortality rate of 13.0%.ConclusionsThis report shows that the incidence and mortality of IC among neonatal patients warrants increased attention in Southwest China. Clinical interventions should be actively applied to reduce the incidence and mortality of neonatal infection. Fluconazole was a reasonable choice for the treatment of IC prior to species identification.
STochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (STORM) reveals the nanoscale organization of pathological aggregates in human brain
Authors: Codron P. , Letournel F. , Marty S. , Renaud L. , Bodin A. , Duchesne M. , Verny C. , Lenaers G. , Duyckaerts C. , Julien J.‐P. , Cassereau J. , Chevrollier A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsHistological analysis of brain tissue samples provides valuable information about the pathological processes leading to common neurodegenerative disorders. In this context, the development of novel high‐resolution imaging approaches is a current challenge in neuroscience.MethodsTo this end, we used a recent super‐resolution imaging technique called STochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (STORM) to analyse human brain sections. We combined STORM cell imaging protocols with neuropathological techniques to image cryopreserved brain samples from control subjects and patients with neurodegenerative diseases.ResultsThis approach allowed us to perform 2D‐, 3D‐ and two‐colour‐STORM in neocortex, white matter and brainstem samples. STORM proved to be particularly effective at visualizing the organization of dense protein inclusions and we imaged with a <50 nm resolution pathological aggregates within the central nervous system of patients with Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Lewy body dementia and fronto‐temporal lobar degeneration. Aggregated Aβ branches appeared reticulated and cross‐linked in the extracellular matrix, with widths from 60 to 240 nm. Intraneuronal Tau and TDP‐43 inclusions were denser, with a honeycomb pattern in the soma and a filamentous organization in the axons. Finally, STORM imaging of α‐synuclein pathology revealed the internal organization of Lewy bodies that could not be observed by conventional fluorescence microscopy.ConclusionsSTORM imaging of human brain samples opens further gates to a more comprehensive understanding of common neurological disorders. The convenience of this technique should open a straightforward extension of its application for super‐resolution imaging of the human brain, with promising avenues to current challenges in neuroscience.
An accountability evaluation for the responsible use of celebrity endorsement by the food and beverage industry to promote healthy food environments for young Americans: A narrative review to inform obesity prevention policy
Authors: Zhou Mi , Rincón‐Gallardo Patiño Sofia , Hedrick Valisa E. , Kraak Vivica I. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryResearch has shown that celebrity endorsement is a marketing strategy primarily used to promote highly processed food and beverage products to children and adolescents, which negatively influences their diet quality and increases their risks of obesity. This study conducted an accountability evaluation to examine government, expert, and industry policies, guidelines, recommendations, and practices regarding using celebrity endorsement to support healthy marketing environment for young Americans. This study used the National Academy of Medicine's LEAD principles (i.e., locate, evaluate, and assemble evidence to inform decisions) to identify and synthesize relevant evidence between January 2000 and December 2019. We categorized the evidence in a five‐step accountability framework and assigned each step a progress score (i.e., none, limited, some, and extensive). The findings showed that the US government made no progress to appoint an independent empowered body to evaluate celebrity endorsement practices. Stakeholders made some progress to take and hold industry and government to account and limited progress to share the account and to strengthen accountability structures. We suggest actions for diverse stakeholders to substantially strengthen accountability structures to ensure that celebrity endorsement is used to promote only healthy food environments to reduce obesity risks for young Americans.
TightRope vs Clavicular Hook Plate for Rockwood III–V Acromioclavicular Dislocations: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Pan Xin , Lv Rui‐yan , Lv Ming‐gang , Zhang Da‐guang 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo assess and compare the clinical outcomes and complications of TightRope® fixation vs hook plate fixation for the treatment of Rockwood III‐VI Acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) dislocations.MethodsRelevant studies were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases, from their inception to 12 April, 2019. The main outcomes of interest included Constant Score, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Shoulder Score, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), coracoclavicular distance (CCD), and complications. Weight mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) or risk ratio (RR) with 95% CIs was used to calculate the data.ResultsFour studies with a total of 179 patients were included in this study. Compared with hook plate, TightRope® fixation was associated with a significantly less VAS score for pain (WMD = ‐0.69, 95% CI: −1.10, −0.27; P = 0.001). However, there were no significant differences between the two surgical techniques in terms of Constant Score (WMD = 6.12, 95% CI: −3.84, 16.08; P = 0.229), UCLA (WMD = 7.96, 95% CI: −5.76, 21.68; P = 0.256), CCD (WMD = 0.24, 95% CI: −0.67, 1.15; P = 0.602), and complication rate.ConclusionBoth TightRope® and hook plate techniques offered effective outcomes in relieving the pain of dislocation and improving function of ACJ. However, TightRope® fixation showed an advantage over hook plate in terms of postoperative pain. Further larger‐scale RCTs are needed to verify our findings.
Safety, speed, and effectiveness of air transportation for neonates
Authors: Hirakawa Eiji , Ibara Satoshi , Yoshihara Hideaki , Kamitomo Masato , Kodaira Yuichi , Kibe Masaya , Ishihara Chie , Naito Yoshiki , Yamamoto Masakatsu , Yamamoto Tsuyoshi , Takayama Tatsu , Kurimoto Tomonori , Mikami Yuta , Ohashi Hiroshi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground : In Japan, 44.3% of neonates are delivered in private clinics without an attending pediatrician. Obstetricians in the clinics must resuscitate asphyxiated neonates in unstable condition, such as respiratory failure, and they are frequently transferred to tertiary perinatal medical centers. There has been no study comparing the physiological status and prognosis of neonates transported by ambulance with those transported by helicopter.Methods: Medical and transport records were used to compare the physiological status of neonates transported to Kagoshima City Hospital by land and those transported by air between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2017.Results : Data from 425 neonates transferred by land and 143 by air were analyzed. There were no significant differences between the two groups in mean gestational age, mean birthweight, fetal blood pH, Apgar score, or the Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology with Perinatal Extension‐II (SNAPPE‐II) on arrival to the tertiary center (16.3 ± 15.4 [95% confidence interval (CI): 13.2–17.7] vs 16.4 ± 15.4 [95% CI: 13.9–19.0], respectively; P = 0.999); both groups had SNAPPE‐II score 10–19, indicating no difference in mortality risk. The times to starting first aid and to admission to the intensive care unit were significantly reduced in neonates transported by air than by land. In subgroup analysis of patients of a gestational age ≤28 weeks, all cases of severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) were observed in the land transportation group.Conclusions: Neonatal transportation by air is as safe as land transportation, and time to first aid and intensive care are significantly reduced by transportation by air than by land. Air transport could also contribute to the prevention of IVH in neonatal transportation.
Can self‐pain sensitivity quantify empathy for others' pain?
Authors: Ren Qiaoyue , Lu Xuejing , Zhao Qing , Zhang Huijuan , Hu Li 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEmpathy is essential for the survival of social species. In many studies, especially those with animal models, empathy for pain was evaluated by the modulation of pain sensitivity. However, the relationship between pain sensitivity and empathy for pain is not well established. Here, by performing two experiments, we aimed to investigate their relationship at both behavioral and electrophysiological levels. In Experiment 1, we characterized individual pain sensitivity using pain threshold and tolerance in a cold pressor test, self‐report empathy using Interpersonal Reactivity Index, and pain‐related psychological factors, including pain‐related anxiety, depression, pain catastrophizing, and pain‐related fear, using well‐validated questionnaires. We observed that pain sensitivity was positively correlated with emotional empathy, and their relationship was mediated by pain‐related anxiety, pain catastrophizing, and pain‐related fear. In Experiment 2, we quantified empathy for pain using pain intensity and unpleasantness as well as event‐related potentials (ERPs) in an empathy for pain task. Positive correlations were observed between pain sensitivity and psychophysiological empathic responses (i.e., the P3 component and the late positive potential in ERPs), and their relationship was mediated by pain‐related fear. These results suggested that being influenced by some pain‐related psychological factors, individuals with higher pain sensitivity tended to have stronger empathy for pain, manifested as stronger emotional reactions to others' pain. Our results indicated that the conventional strategy of using pain sensitivity to quantify empathy should be treated with caution, as their relationship could be disturbed by experimental manipulations or pathological modulations that could influence individual emotional states or cognitive processes.
Compassion without pity: Buddhist dāna as charity, humanitarianism, and altruism
Authors: Swenson Sara Ann 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article provides an overview of the changing role of dāna in contemporary Buddhism through ethnographic research on Buddhist charities in Vietnam. I begin by briefly describing how the concept of dāna has developed through Buddhist history and philosophy. Then, I explore how Vietnamese Buddhists reinterpret the concept of dāna amid (a) shifting trends in Buddhist humanitarianism and volunteering, (b) critiques of corruption in Buddhist monasticism, and (c) changing forms of religious community, charity, and altruism via social media. I conclude by demonstrating how nonordained or lay volunteers in Vietnam adapt notions of dāna to include informal charity events organized online. These examples demonstrate how Buddhism operates as a highly adaptable, living ethical resource for both lay and monastic practitioners.
An integrated spatial econometric approach in valuing soil conservation using contingent valuation
Authors: Dimal Matthew Oliver Ralp , Jetten Victor 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe integration of soil value in agronomic micro‐level decision‐making and macro‐scale policy development has grown immensely in recent years. Major threats to soil resources and their impact on human well‐being require a comprehensive estimation of soil's economic worth, highlighting the need for sustainable and pragmatic conservation strategies. However, the absence of formal markets for numerous soil amenities, coupled with the heterogeneity of stakeholder cognition and spatio‐environmental factors, obfuscates the valuation process for soil and similar public goods. This paper aims to address such concerns by evaluating stakeholders’ willingness to pay (WTP) for soil conservation as a proxy indicator for its explicit value. Two contingent valuation method (CVM) formats, the payment card (PC) and the dichotomous choice (DC), were used to analyse WTP in Norzagaray, Philippines. Results suggest farmers’ income, education, land tenure type, level of environmental consciousness and proximity to amenities influence their inclination to spend on soil conservation measures. Econometric analyses indicate a compensating surplus corresponding to the mean WTP estimate of ₱79.98 (PC‐CVM) and a Turnbull WTP estimate of ₱99.47 (DC‐CVM). Estimated WTP values can be used in future benefit‐transfer studies, and the findings of the econometric models can be used in developing strategies that would promote greater stakeholder acceptance and participation. The approach presented here provides another step towards a more comprehensive characterization of soil value that integrates environmental valuation and econometric modelling with geospatial data.
STME: An effective method for discovering spatiotemporal multi‐type clusters containing events with different densities
Authors: Wang Chao , Du Zhenhong , Gu Yuhua , Zhang Feng , Liu Renyi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractClustering on spatiotemporal point events with multiple types is an important step for exploratory data mining and can help us reveal the correlation of event types. In this article, we present an effective method for discovering spatiotemporal multi‐type clusters containing events with different densities and event types (STME). Particularly, the type of events in a cluster can be different, and clusters with similar densities but different internal compositions should be distinguished. We use the distance to the kth nearest neighbour to define the size of the searched neighbourhood, and expand clusters by the concept of cluster reachable, ensuring that the proportion of various types of events in the cluster remains stable. The concept of clustering priority is also proposed to make the cluster always expand from the region with the highest density, which improves the robustness of clustering. Moreover, the density of multiple types of events in clusters is estimated to discover the internal structure of clusters and further explore the correlation between events. The effectiveness of the STME algorithm is demonstrated in several simulated and real data sets, including points of interest data in Beijing and the origins and destinations of taxi trips in New York.
COVID‐19 in solid organ transplant recipients: No difference in survival compared to general population
Authors: Rinaldi Matteo , Bartoletti Michele , Bussini Linda , Pancaldi Livia , Pascale Renato , Comai Giorgia , Morelli Mariacristina , Ravaioli Matteo , Cescon Matteo , Cristini Francesco , Viale Pierluigi , Giannella Maddalena 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) may be associated with worse outcome in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. We performed a prospective cohort study of hospitalized patients with confirmed diagnosis of COVID‐19, from March 15 to April 30, 2020, at two tertiary hospitals in Emilia‐Romagna Region. SOT recipients were compared with non‐SOT patients. Primary endpoint was all‐cause 30‐day mortality. Relationship between SOT status and mortality was investigated by univariable and multivariable Cox regression analysis. Patients were assessed from COVID‐19 diagnosis to death or 30‐day whichever occurred first. Study cohort consisted of 885 patients, of them 24 SOT recipients (n = 22, kidney, n = 2 liver). SOT recipients were younger, had lower BMI, but higher Charlson Index. At admission they presented less frequently with fever and respiratory failure. No difference in 30‐day mortality between the two groups (19% vs 22.1%) was found; however, there was a trend toward higher rate of respiratory failure (50% vs 33.1%, P = .07) in SOT recipients. Superinfections were more represented in SOT recipients, (50% vs 15.5%, P < .001). At multivariate analysis adjusted for main covariates, there was no association between SOT and 30‐day mortality HR 1.15 (95% CI 0.39‐3.35) P = .79. Our data suggest that mortality among COVID‐19 SOT recipients is similar to general population.
Ophthalmopathologic characterization of multicentric or metastatic neoplasms with an extraocular origin in dogs and cats
Authors: Bandinelli Marcele Bettim , Viezzer Bianchi Matheus , Wronski Júlia Gabriela , Santos de Mello Lauren , Blanco DeMartini Renata , Savi Caroline , Sonne Luciana , Driemeier David , Petinatti Pavarini Saulo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the frequency and distribution of secondary ocular neoplasms in dogs and cats identified during necropsy.MethodsA retrospective analysis of necropsy records of dogs and cats was conducted, and cases with metastatic/multicentric neoplasms with an extraocular origin, involving the eyes, were selected.ResultsFrom January 2015 to January 2019, we identified a total of 233 dogs and 100 cats with metastatic disease. Of these, 11.6% (27/233) of the dogs and 13% (13/100) of the cats had ocular metastases. Lymphoma was the most common multicentric neoplasm involving the eyes of both species. In dogs, these neoplasms occurred bilaterally, predominantly in the anterior uvea, and were diffuse large B‐cell, T‐lymphoblastic, peripheral T‐cell not otherwise specified, and lymphocytic B‐cell lymphomas. In cats, feline leukemia virus (FeLV)‐associated T‐cell lymphoma was the most common. Mammary carcinoma was the second most common ocular metastatic neoplasm in bitches, with a predominantly unilateral involvement of the uveal tract. In cats, following lymphoma, pulmonary and squamous cell carcinomas were the most common multicentric/metastatic neoplasms of the eyes. Individual cases of cholangiocarcinoma, hemangiosarcoma, and chemodectoma in dogs, as well as mammary gland cribriform carcinoma, salivary gland carcinoma, and histiocytic sarcoma in cats were detected.ConclusionsThe eyes of dogs were mostly affected by lymphoma or mammary gland carcinoma, while those of cats mostly had lymphoma, pulmonary carcinoma, or squamous cell carcinoma as the main metastatic/multicentric neoplasm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to identify intraocular metastatic cholangiocarcinoma and chemodectoma in dogs, aside from identifying salivary gland carcinoma in cats.
Incidence and risk factors for surgical glove perforation in small animal ophthalmic surgery
Authors: Massidda Paola A. , Diaz Jesus , Tetas Pont Roser , Grundon Rachael , Corletto Federico , Blacklock Ben 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the incidence of perforation of surgical gloves and identify associated risk factors that contribute to glove perforation in small animal ophthalmic surgery.Study designObservational cohort study.Sample populationSurgical gloves (n = 2000) collected following 765 small animal ophthalmic procedures.MethodsAll the gloves were tested for perforation at the end of the procedure using a water leak test. The potential risk factors for glove perforation were recorded, and associations between these risk factors and perforation were explored using univariable (Fisher's exact test) and mixed effect logistic regression analysis. Results were considered significant if P < .05.ResultsGlove perforation was detected in 6% of procedures. Glove perforation was 1.97 (95% CI: 0.98‐4.22) times more likely in extraocular than in intraocular surgeries (7.3% vs 3.9%; P = .0462). The incidence of perforations was not statistically different between main and assistant surgeon (P = .86). No significant association was found between the risk of glove perforation and duration of the procedure (P = .13). Perforation of the nondominant hand was 2.6 (95% CI: 1.38‐4.98) times more likely than the dominant hand (74% vs 26%; P = .0028). Only 22% of the perforations were detected intraoperatively. Multivariable analysis identified only extraocular surgery as a risk factor for perforations.ConclusionsThere is a low incidence of glove perforation in small animal ophthalmic surgery, but extra care of the nondominant hand is required, especially during extraocular procedures.