bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rights, Democracy, and Islamist Women's Activism in Tunisia and Egypt
Authors: Mhajne Anwar , Brandt Rasmus 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the early days after the revolutions in Egypt and Tunisia, Islamist movements and parties appeared to be the winners of the political transformation. This opened new opportunities for activism and political participation for Islamist men and women. The political organizing of the Egyptian Muslim Sisterhood and Ennahda women in Tunisia before, during, and after the Arab Spring provides a significant case for addressing the gap in the literature on Islamist women's political organizing and agency. Moreover, it addresses the lack of scholarly attention to the Muslim Sisterhood and Ennahda women and the agency they manifest in their sociopolitical activism. Relying on primary and secondary interviews with these activists, this article traces the framing strategies, activism, and roles of Islamist women in Egypt and Tunisia. In both cases, we argue that government repression and backlash against Islamist movements is a shared experience and a central topic of identification for Islamist women. Islamist women in Tunisia and Egypt became more visible in the aftermath of the uprisings and reached into decision-making bodies such as a parliament when their countries were on the path toward democracy. Women from the two groups highlight democracy, freedom, human rights, and women's rights to frame their activism.
Clinical and epidemiological analysis of basosquamous carcinoma: results of the multicenter study
Authors: Ciążyńska Magdalena , Sławińska Martyna , Kamińska-Winciorek Grażyna , Lange Dariusz , Lewandowski Bogumił , Reich Adam , Pabianek Marta , Szczepaniak Katarzyna , Hankiewicz Adam , Ułańska Małgorzata , Morawiec Jan , Błasińska-Morawiec Maria , Morawiec Zbigniew , Piekarski Janusz , Brodowski Robert , Zaryczańska Anna , Sobjanek Michał , Owczarek Witold , Słowińska Monika , Wróbel Katarzyna , Bieniek Andrzej , Woźniacka Anna , Skibińska Małgorzata , Narbutt Joanna , Niemczyk Wojciech , Ciążyński Karol , Lesiak Aleksandra 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBasosquamous carcinoma (BSC) is a rare non-melanoma skin cancer that shares the characteristic features of both basal and squamous cell carcinomas (BCC, SCC). Our research enables better characterization of BSC in comparison to high-risk subtypes of BCC and SCC. Paper includes a retrospective analysis of BSC cases regarding sex, age, number of tumors and anatomical distribution in comparison to BCC and SCC evaluating the differences and defining the implications. Histologically confirmed carcinomas recorded between 1999 and 2019 were studied. 181 diagnosed BSC cases were identified, making this study the largest cohorts of BSC patients reported worldwide. Most cases were reported on head and neck. Analysis of facial anatomic distribution shows that most commonly affected sites were the nose (43%) and the cheek (25%). The age at excision of metatypical BCC was higher than those of low-risk BCC (P < 0.05), however similar to high-risk BCC (P = 0.20). We revisited that the concept of BSC is the most similar to high-risk subtypes of BCC. Patients with diagnosed BSC have higher risk of second nonmelanoma skin cancer. Therefore, the frequency of follow-up examination should be adjusted to the individual risk of another skin cancer.
Stress erythropoiesis in atherogenic mice
Authors: Sánchez Ángela , Orizaola Marta C. , Rodríguez-Muñoz Diego , Aranda Ana , Castrillo Antonio , Alemany Susana 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBone marrow erythropoiesis is mainly homeostatic and a demand of oxygen in tissues activates stress erythropoiesis in the spleen. Here, we show an increase in the number of circulating erythrocytes in apolipoprotein E−/− mice fed a Western high-fat diet, with similar number of circulating leukocytes and CD41+ events (platelets). Atherogenic conditions increase spleen erythropoiesis with no variations of this cell lineage in the bone marrow. Spleens from atherogenic mice show augmented number of late-stage erythroblasts and biased differentiation of progenitor cells towards the erythroid cell lineage, with an increase of CD71+CD41CD34−CD117+Sca1−Lin− cells (erythroid-primed megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors), which is consistent with the way in which atherogenesis modifies the expression of pro-erythroid and pro-megakaryocytic genes in megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors. These data explain the transiently improved response to an acute severe hemolytic anemia insult found in atherogenic mice in comparison to control mice, as well as the higher burst-forming unit-erythroid and colony forming unit-erythroid capacity of splenocytes from atherogenic mice. In conclusion, our work demonstrates that, along with the well stablished enhancement of monocytosis during atherogenesis, stress erythropoiesis in apolipoprotein E−/− mice fed a Western high fat diet results in increased numbers of circulating red blood cells.
Human milk microbiota in sub-acute lactational mastitis induces inflammation and undergoes changes in composition, diversity and load
Authors: Boix-Amorós Alba , Hernández-Aguilar Maria Teresa , Artacho Alejandro , Collado Maria Carmen , Mira Alex 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSub-acute mastitis (SAM) is a prevalent disease among lactating women, being one of the main reasons for early weaning. Although the etiology and diagnosis of acute mastitis (AM) is well established, little is known about the underlying mechanisms causing SAM. We collected human milk samples from healthy and SAM-suffering mothers, during the course of mastitis and after symptoms disappeared. Total (DNA-based) and active (RNA-based) microbiota were analysed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and qPCR. Furthermore, mammary epithelial cell lines were exposed to milk pellets, and levels of the pro-inflammatory interleukin IL8 were measured. Bacterial load was significantly higher in the mastitis samples and decreased after clinical symptoms disappeared. Bacterial diversity was lower in SAM milk samples, and differences in bacterial composition and activity were also found. Contrary to AM, the same bacterial species were found in samples from healthy and SAM mothers, although at different proportions, indicating a dysbiotic ecological shift. Finally, mammary epithelial cell exposure to SAM milk pellets showed an over-production of IL8. Our work therefore supports that SAM has a bacterial origin, with increased bacterial loads, reduced diversity and altered composition, which partly recovered after treatment, suggesting a polymicrobial and variable etiology.
The effect of the electric trapping field on state-selective loading of molecules into rf ion traps
Authors: Blackburn Laura , Keller Matthias 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTrapped molecular ions in pure rovibronic states are desirable in experiments ranging from cold chemistry to searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionisation (REMPI) can be used to prepare molecular ions in specific internal states with high fidelities. However, in the presence of electric fields, ionisation spectra exhibit frequency shifts and the ionisation thresholds are broadened. For this reason, REMPI studies are normally conducted in low and highly homogeneous electric fields, whereas the operating principle of rf ion traps requires electric fields that vary in space and time. In order to investigate the impact of this on the state-selectivity of REMPI in ion traps, we have simulated the expected broadening of the ionisation threshold under various operating conditions of a typical linear Paul trap. In many cases, the width of the ionisation threshold exceeds the separation between rotational energy levels, preventing state-selective ionisation. Careful choice of the trapping and laser parameters during loading can reduce this broadening, enabling state-selective ionisation in some instances. Where this strategy is not sufficient, the broadening can be reduced further by rapidly switching the trapping voltages off and on again during loading. This has been demonstrated experimentally for a Coulomb crystal of$$^{40}\hbox {Ca}^+$$40Ca+ions without descrystallising it.
Analysis of molecular diversity within single cyanobacterial colonies from environmental samples
Authors: Muñoz-Martín M. Ángeles , Berrendero Gómez Esther , Perona Elvira , Mateo Pilar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAttached or floating macroscopic cyanobacteria can be found in shallow waters and can be easily hand-collected, but their identification is often challenging due to their high morphological variability. In addition, many members of environmental samples lose their morphological adaptations under controlled conditions, making the integration of analyses of field populations and derived isolated cultures necessary in order to evaluate phenotypic plasticity for identification purposes. Therefore, in this study, twenty-nine macroscopic field samples were analyzed by Illumina sequencing and parallel optical microscopy. Some colonies showed the typical morphological characteristics of Rivularia biasolettiana, and others showed those of Rivularia haematites. However, other Rivularia-like colonies showed ambiguous morphologies, and some of them showed the phenotypic features of the new genus Cyanomargarita, which is virtually indistinguishable from Rivularia in the field. In all of the colonies, phylotype composition was highly heterogeneous, with abundances varying depending on the analyzed sample. Some colonies were dominated (97–99%) by a single phylotype, while in others, the percentage of the dominant phylotype decreased to approximately 50–60%. Surprisingly, the same dominant phylotype was found in R. biasolettiana and R. haematites colonies. The relationships between environmental and/or biological factors and morphological variability in these colonies are discussed.
Magnetic resonance imaging based 3-dimensional printed breast surgical guide for breast-conserving surgery in ductal carcinoma in situ: a clinical trial
Authors: Wu Zhen-Yu , Alzuhair Aisha , Kim Heejeong , Lee Jong Won , Chung Il Yong , Kim Jisun , Lee Sae Byul , Son Byung Ho , Gong Gyungyub , Kim Hak Hee , Seo Joon Beom , Ahn Sei Hyun , Kim Namkug , Ko BeomSeok 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBreast-conserving surgery (BCS) is performed in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) because of the small size of the tumor. It is essential to know the quantitative extent of the tumor before performing this precise partial resection surgery. A three-dimensional printed (3DP) breast surgical guide (BSG) was developed using information obtained from supine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 3D printing technology and it was used for treating patients with breast cancer. Here, we report our experience with the application of the BSG for patients with DCIS. Patients with breast cancer who underwent BCS from July 2017 to February 2019 were included in this study. The patients underwent partial resection with a supine-MRI based 3DP-BSG. A total of 102 BCS using 3DP-BSG were conducted, and 11 cases were DCIS. The patients’ median age was 56 years (range, 38–69 years). The mean tumor diameter was 1.3 ± 0.9 cm. The median surgical time was 70 min (range, 40–88 min). All patients had tumor-free resection margins. The median distance from the tumor to the margin was 11 mm (range, 2–35 mm). Direct demarcation of the tumor extent in the breast and a pain-free procedure are the advantages of using 3DP-BSG in patients with DCIS.Trial registration: Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS) Identifier Number: KCT0002375, KCT0003043.
An allosteric interaction controls the activation mechanism of SHP2 tyrosine phosphatase
Authors: Anselmi Massimiliano , Hub Jochen S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSHP2 is a protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) involved in multiple signaling pathways. Mutations of SHP2 can result in Noonan syndrome or pediatric malignancies. Inhibition of wild-type SHP2 represents a novel strategy against several cancers. SHP2 is activated by binding of a phosphopeptide to the N-SH2 domain of SHP2, thereby favoring dissociation of the N-SH2 domain and exposing the active site on the PTP domain. The conformational transitions controlling ligand affinity and PTP dissociation remain poorly understood. Using molecular simulations, we revealed an allosteric interaction restraining the N-SH2 domain into a SHP2-activating and a stabilizing state. Only ligands selecting for the activating N-SH2 conformation, depending on ligand sequence and binding mode, are effective activators. We validate the model of SHP2 activation by rationalizing modified basal activity and responsiveness to ligand stimulation of several N-SH2 variants. This study provides mechanistic insight into SHP2 activation and may open routes for SHP2 regulation.
Endogenous zinc nanoparticles in the rat olfactory epithelium are functionally significant
Authors: Singletary Melissa , Lau June W. , Hagerty Samantha , Pustovyy Oleg , Globa Ludmila , Vodyanoy Vitaly 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe role of zinc in neurobiology is rapidly expanding. Zinc is especially essential in olfactory neurobiology. Naturally occurring zinc nanoparticles were detected in olfactory and nasal respiratory epithelia and cilia in animals. The addition of these nanoparticles to a mixture of odorants, including ethyl butyrate, eugenol, and carvone, considerably increased the electrical responses of the olfactory sensory receptors. Studies of these nanoparticles by ransmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction revealed metal elemental crystalline zinc nanoparticles 2–4 nm in diameter. These particles did not contain oxidized zinc. The enhancement of the odorant responses induced by the endogenous zinc nanoparticles appears to be similar to the amplification produced by engineered zinc nanoparticles. Zinc nanoparticles produce no odor response but increase odor response if mixed with an odorant. These effects are dose-dependent and reversible. Some other metal nanoparticles, such as copper, silver, gold, and platinum, do not have the effects observed in the case of zinc nanoparticles. The olfactory enhancement was observed in young and mature mouse olfactory epithelium cultures, in the dissected olfactory epithelium of rodents, and in live conscious dogs. The physiological significance of the detected endogenous metal nanoparticles in an animal tissue has been demonstrated for the first time. Overall, our results may advance the understanding of the initial events in olfaction.
Electrostatic shock acceleration of ions in near-critical-density plasma driven by a femtosecond petawatt laser
Authors: Singh Prashant Kumar , Pathak Vishwa Bandhu , Shin Jung Hun , Choi Il Woo , Nakajima Kazuhisa , Lee Seong Ku , Sung Jae Hee , Lee Hwang Woon , Rhee Yong Joo , Aniculaesei Constantin , Kim Chul Min , Pae Ki Hong , Cho Myung Hoon , Hojbota Calin , Lee Seong Geun , Mollica Florian , Malka Victor , Ryu Chang-Mo , Kim Hyung Taek , Nam Chang Hee 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWith the recent advances in ultrahigh intensity lasers, exotic astrophysical phenomena can be investigated in laboratory environments. Collisionless shock in a plasma, prevalent in astrophysical events, is produced when a strong electric or electromagnetic force induces a shock structure in a time scale shorter than the collision time of charged particles. A near-critical-density (NCD) plasma, generated with an intense femtosecond laser, can be utilized to excite a collisionless shock due to its efficient and rapid energy absorption. We present electrostatic shock acceleration (ESA) in experiments performed with a high-density helium gas jet, containing a small fraction of hydrogen, irradiated with a 30 fs, petawatt laser. The onset of ESA exhibited a strong dependence on plasma density, consistent with the result of particle-in-cell simulations on relativistic plasma dynamics. The mass-dependent ESA in the NCD plasma, confirmed by the preferential reflection of only protons with two times the shock velocity, opens a new possibility of selective acceleration of ions by electrostatic shock.
Singlet fission for quantum information and quantum computing: the parallel JDE model
Authors: Smyser Kori E. , Eaves Joel D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSinglet fission is a photoconversion process that generates a doubly excited, maximally spin entangled pair state. This state has applications to quantum information and computing that are only beginning to be realized. In this article, we construct and analyze a spin-exciton hamiltonian to describe the dynamics of the two-triplet state. We find the selection rules that connect the doubly excited, spin-singlet state to the manifold of quintet states and comment on the mechanism and conditions for the transition into formally independent triplets. For adjacent dimers that are oriented and immobilized in an inert host, singlet fission can be strongly state-selective. We make predictions for electron paramagnetic resonance experiments and analyze experimental data from recent literature. Our results give conditions for which magnetic resonance pulses can drive transitions between optically polarized magnetic sublevels of the two-exciton states, making it possible to realize quantum gates at room temperature in these systems.
Design, synthesis and evaluation of a tripodal receptor for phosphatidylinositol phosphates
Authors: Reeh Katharina , Summers Peter A. , Gould Ian R. , Woscholski Rudiger , Vilar Ramon 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPhosphatidylinositol phosphates (PIPs) are membrane phospholipids that play crucial roles in a wide range of cellular processes. Their function is dictated by the number and positions of the phosphate groups in the inositol ring (with seven different PIPs being active in the cell). Therefore, there is significant interest in developing small-molecule receptors that can bind selectively to these species and in doing so affect their cellular function or be the basis for molecular probes. However, to date there are very few examples of such molecular receptors. Towards this aim, herein we report a novel tripodal molecule that acts as receptor for mono- and bis-phosphorylated PIPs in a cell free environment. To assess their affinity to PIPs we have developed a new cell free assay based on the ability of the receptor to prevent alkaline phosphatase from hydrolysing these substrates. The new receptor displays selectivity towards two out of the seven PIPs, namely PI(3)P and PI(3,4)P2. To rationalise these results, a DFT computational study was performed which corroborated the experimental results and provided insight into the host–guest binding mode.
Dynamic transcriptional response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells to copper
Authors: Oc Sebnem , Eraslan Serpil , Kirdar Betul 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCopper is a crucial trace element for all living systems and any deficiency in copper homeostasis leads to the development of severe diseases in humans. The observation of extensive evolutionary conservation in copper homeostatic systems between human and Saccharomyces cerevisiae made this organism a suitable model organism for elucidating molecular mechanisms of copper transport and homeostasis. In this study, the dynamic transcriptional response of both the reference strain and homozygous deletion mutant strain of CCC2, which encodes a Cu2+-transporting P-type ATPase, were investigated following the introduction of copper impulse to reach a copper concentration which was shown to improve the respiration capacity of CCC2 deletion mutants. The analysis of data by using different clustering algorithms revealed significantly affected processes and pathways in response to a switch from copper deficient environment to elevated copper levels. Sulfur compound, methionine and cysteine biosynthetic processes were identified as significantly affected processes for the first time in this study. Stress response, cellular response to DNA damage, iron ion homeostasis, ubiquitin dependent proteolysis, autophagy and regulation of macroautophagy, DNA repair and replication, as well as organization of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV, mitochondrial organization and translation were identified as significantly affected processes in only CCC2 deleted strain. The integration of the transcriptomic data with regulome revealed the differences in the extensive re-wiring of dynamic transcriptional organization and regulation in these strains.
Significance of heme oxygenase-1(HMOX1) gene on fetal hemoglobin induction in sickle cell anemia patients
Authors: Hariharan Priya , Chavan Vrushali , Nadkarni Anita 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThough the patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) inherit same genetic mutation, they show considerable phenotypic heterogeneity. It has been observed that patients with elevated fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels have a relatively mild clinical course. There is sparse literature on the association of higher HbF levels leading to reduction in the oxidative stress in SCA patients. Hence in this study, the significance between theHMOX1gene polymorphisms and the HbF levels has been studied. Preliminary screening was carried out. Genotyping of 3 variants in theHMOX1gene was performed in 90 SCA patients and 50 healthy controls by PCR–RFLP, GeneScan and direct DNA sequencing. It was observed that SCA patients with higher HbF levels, showed improved hematological indices with an inverse effect on HbS levels. The TT genotype of rs2071746 (A→T) polymorphism was found to be associated with elevated HbF levels (P: 0.012). Also, the long form (> 25 GT repeats) of rs3074372 (GT)n repeats was found to be linked with increased HbF levels. We could not find any association of rs2071749 (A→G) polymorphism with the HbF levels. As, the sickle cell anemia patients show significant oxidative stress due to hemolysis, the study of polymorphisms in theHMOX1gene may act as a potential independent marker for elevated HbF levels.
Functional interaction between Ghrelin and GLP-1 regulates feeding through the vagal afferent system
Authors: Zhang Weidong , Waise T. M. Zaved , Toshinai Koji , Tsuchimochi Wakaba , Naznin Farhana , Islam Md Nurul , Tanida Ryota , Sakoda Hideyuki , Nakazato Masamitsu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe gastrointestinal tract transmits feeding-regulatory signals to the brain via neuronal and hormonal pathways. Here we studied the interaction between the orexigenic gastric peptide, ghrelin, and the anorectic intestinal peptide, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), in terms of feeding regulation via the vagal afferents. GLP-1 preadministration 30 min before ghrelin administration to rats and mice abolished ghrelin-induced food intake, while ghrelin preadministration abolished the anorectic effect of GLP-1. Ghrelin preadministration suppressed GLP-1-induced Fos expression in the nodose ganglia (NG). Electrophysiological assessment confirmed that the initially administered peptide abolished the vagal afferent electrical alteration induced by the subsequently administered peptide. Both the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) and the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) are co-localised in a major proportion of NG neurons that innervate the stomach. In these Ghsr+Glp1r+ neurons, ghrelin preadministration abolished the GLP-1-induced calcium response. Ghrelin generated a hyperpolarising current and GLP-1 generated a depolarising current in isolated NG neurons in a patch-clamp experiment. Ghrelin and GLP-1 potently influenced each other in terms of vagally mediated feeding regulation. This peptidergic interaction allows for fine control of the electrophysiological properties of NG neurons.