bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of faecal immunochemical testing in the decision-making process for the endoscopic investigation of iron deficiency anaemia
Authors: Rodriguez-Alonso Lorena , Rodriguez-Moranta Francisco , Ruiz-Cerulla Alexandra , Arajol Claudia , Serra Katja , Gilabert Pau , Ibañez-Sanz Gemma , Camps Blau , Guardiola Jordi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Blood loss from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the most common cause of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) in adult men and postmenopausal women. Gastroduodenal endoscopy (GDE) and colonoscopy are frequently recommended, despite uncertainty regarding the coexistence of lesions in the upper and lower GI tract. The faecal immunochemical test (FIT) measures the concentration of faecal haemoglobin (f-Hb) originating only from the colon or rectum. We aimed to assess whether the FIT was able to select the best endoscopic procedure for detecting the cause of IDA.

Methods
A prospective study of 120 men and postmenopausal women referred for a diagnostic study of IDA were evaluated with an FIT, GDE and colonoscopy. The endoscopic finding of a significant upper lesion (SUL) or a significant bowel lesion (SBL) was considered to be the cause of the IDA.

Results
The diagnoses were 35.0% SUL and 20.0% SBL, including 13.3% GI cancer. In the multivariate analysis, the concentration of blood haemoglobin (b-Hb) <9 g/dL (OR: 2.60; 95% CI 1.13–6.00; p = 0.025) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NSAIDs (2.56; 1.13–5.88; p = 0.024) were associated with an SUL. Age (0.93; 0.88–0.99; p = 0.042) and f-Hb ≥ 15 μg Hb/g faeces (38.53; 8.60–172.50; p < 0.001) were associated with an SBL. A “FIT plus gastroscopy” strategy, in which colonoscopy is performed only when f-Hb ≥15 μg Hb/g faeces, would be able to detect 92.4% of lesions and be 100% accurate in the detection of cancer while avoiding 71.6% of colonoscopies.

Conclusions
The FIT is an accurate method for selecting the best endoscopy study for the evaluation of IDA. An FIT-based strategy is more cost-effective than the current bidirectional endoscopy-based strategy and could improve endoscopic resource allocation.
Causal Mediation Analysis in the Presence of a Misclassified Binary Exposure
Authors: Jiang Zhichao , VanderWeele Tyler 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Mediation analysis is popular in examining the extent to which the effect of an exposure on an outcome is through an intermediate variable. When the exposure is subject to misclassification, the effects estimated can be severely biased. In this paper, when the mediator is binary, we first study the bias on traditional direct and indirect effect estimates in the presence of conditional non-differential misclassification of a binary exposure. We show that in the absence of interaction, the misclassification of the exposure will bias the direct effect towards the null but can bias the indirect effect in either direction. We then develop an EM algorithm approach to correcting for the misclassification, and conduct simulation studies to assess the performance of the correction approach. Finally, we apply the approach to National Center for Health Statistics birth certificate data to study the effect of smoking status on the preterm birth mediated through pre-eclampsia.
The crystal structure of [(tetra-μ
2-2,6-difluorobenzoato-κ
2
O:O′)-bis-(2,6-difluorobenzoato-κ
2
O:O′)-bis-(1,10-phenanthroline-κ
2
N:N′)]dierbium(III) C66H34N4O12F12Er2
Authors: Yu-Fei Zhong , Wen-Min Wang , Xiong-Xin Peng , Guang-Ming Bao , Chun-Yan Hu , Hou-Qun Yuan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
C66H34N4O12F12Er2, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 11.8934(5) Å, b = 12.0041(4) Å, c = 12.4578(5) Å, α = 68.718(4)°, β = 64.205(4)°, γ = 87.053(3)°, V = 1480.09(12) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt(F) = 0.0326, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0626, T = 293(2) K.
Accelerated Evolution of Limb-Related Gene Hoxd11 in the Common Ancestor of Cetaceans and Ruminants (Cetruminantia)
Authors: Li Jun , Shang Songyang , Fang Na , Zhu Yubo , Zhang Junpeng , Irwin David M , Zhang Shuyi , Wang Zhe 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Reduced numbers of carpal and tarsal bones (wrist and ankle joints) are extensively observed in the clade of Cetacea and Ruminantia (Cetruminantia). Homebox D11 (Hoxd11) is one of the important genes required for limb development in mammals. Mutations in Hoxd11 can lead to defects in particular bones of limbs, including carpus and tarsus. To test whether evolutionary changes in Hoxd11 underlie the loss of these bones in Cetruminantia, we sequenced and analyzed Hoxd11 coding sequences and compared them with other 5′ HoxA and HoxD genes in a taxonomic coverage of Cetacea, Ruminantia and other mammalian relatives. Statistical tests on the Hoxd11 sequences found an accelerated evolution in the common ancestor of cetaceans and ruminants, which coincided with the reduction of carpal and tarsal bones in this clade. Five amino acid substitutions (G222S, G227A, G229S, A240T and G261V) and one amino acid deletion (G254Del) occurred in this lineage. In contrast, other 5′ HoxA and HoxD genes do not show this same evolutionary pattern, but instead display a highly conserved pattern of evolution in this lineage. Accelerated evolution of Hoxd11, but not other 5′ HoxA and HoxD genes, is probably related to the reduction of the carpal and tarsal bones in Cetruminantia. Moreover, we found two amino acid substitutions (G110S and D223N) in Hoxd11 that are unique to the lineage of Cetacea, which coincided with hindlimb loss in the common ancestor of cetaceans. Our results give molecular evidence of Hoxd11 adaptive evolution in cetaceans and ruminants, which could be correlated with limb morphological adaptation.
Long-Read Genome Sequence of the Sugar Beet Rhizosphere Mycoparasite Pythium oligandrum
Authors: Faure Charlène , Veyssière Marine , Boëlle Betty , San Clemente Hélène , Bouchez Olivier , Lopez-Roques Céline , Chaubet Adeline , Martinez Yves , Bezouška Karel , Suchánek Martin , Gaulin Elodie , Rey Thomas , Dumas Bernard 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Pythium oligandrum is a soil born free living oomycete able to parasitize fungi and oomycetes prey, including important plant and animals pathogens. Pythium oligandrum can colonize endophytically the root tissues of diverse plants where it induces plant defenses. Here we report the first long-read genome sequencing of a P. oligandrum strain sequenced by PacBio technology. Sequencing of genomic DNA loaded onto six SMRT cells permitted the acquisition of 913,728 total reads resulting in 112X genome coverage. The assembly and polishing of the genome sequence yielded180 contigs (N50 = 1.3 Mb; L50 = 12). The size of the genome assembly is 41.9 Mb with a longest contig of 2.7 Mb and 15,007 predicted protein-coding genes among which 95.25% were supported by RNAseq data, thus constituting a new Pythium genome reference. This data will facilitate genomic comparisons of Pythium species that are commensal, beneficial or pathogenic on plant, or parasitic on fungi and oomycete to identify key genetic determinants underpinning their diverse lifestyles. In addition comparison with plant pathogenic or zoopathogenic species will illuminate genomic adaptations for pathogenesis toward widely diverse hosts.
Biology of the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline Stem Cell System
Authors: Albert Hubbard E Jane , Schedl Tim 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Stem cell systems regulate tissue development and maintenance. The germline stem cell system is essential for animal reproduction, controlling both the timing and number of progeny through its influence on gamete production. In this review, we first draw general comparisons to stem cell systems in other organisms, and then present our current understanding of the germline stem cell system in Caenorhabditis elegans. In contrast to stereotypic somatic development and cell number stasis of adult somatic cells in C. elegans, the germline stem cell system has a variable division pattern, and the system differs between larval development, early adult peak reproduction and age-related decline. We discuss the cell and developmental biology of the stem cell system and the Notch regulated genetic network that controls the key decision between the stem cell fate and meiotic development, as it occurs under optimal laboratory conditions in adult and larval stages. We then discuss alterations of the stem cell system in response to environmental perturbations and aging. A recurring distinction is between processes that control stem cell fate and those that control cell cycle regulation. C. elegans is a powerful model for understanding germline stem cells and stem cell biology.
Drosophila Embryonic CNS Development: Neurogenesis, Gliogenesis, Cell Fate, and Differentiation
Authors: Crews Stephen T 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The Drosophila embryonic central nervous system (CNS) is a complex organ consisting of ∼15,000 neurons and glia that is generated in ∼1 day of development. For the past 40 years, Drosophila developmental neuroscientists have described each step of CNS development in precise molecular genetic detail. This has led to an understanding of how an intricate nervous system emerges from a single cell. These studies have also provided important, new concepts in developmental biology, and provided an essential model for understanding similar processes in other organisms. In this article, the key genes that guide Drosophila CNS development and how they function is reviewed. Features of CNS development covered in this review are neurogenesis, gliogenesis, cell fate specification, and differentiation.
Non-clinical performance and acceptability of a small portable respiratory stimulator device for basic neonatal resuscitation
Authors: Delgado Carlos A. , Sánchez Víctor M. , Velásquez Pablo M. , Shimabuku Roberto L. , Huicho Luis 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Neonatal resuscitation demands equipment for respiratory support not always available in rural areas. Innovative devices are required, and rapid prototyping allows to generate them using three-dimensional (3D) designs and printers. Objective: To evaluate the non-clinical performance and the acceptability by health personnel of a neonatal respiratory device produced by rapid prototyping. Methods: Observational study, descriptive, of proof of concept developed in two steps. Step 1: Manufacture of the device with rapid prototyping in three-dimensional (3D) scanners and printers. Step 2: Demonstration of the invention during training programs in neonatal resuscitation for health personnel in three regions of Peru (Tarapoto, Huánuco and Ayacucho). In both steps, we evaluated the performance of the device connected to a gas flow analyser. A survey was administered to the health workers of Tarapoto and Ayacucho to know their acceptability. Results: The developed prototype is T-shaped with two side bellows that, when pressed with one hand, project air through the centre towards a facial adapter. The use of the prototype in the laboratory generated an average air flow of 4.8 Lt /min (SD ± 1.7) and an average pressure of 5.9 cmH2O (SD ± 1.4). This device was considered to be “very simple to use” in an acceptability survey involving 39 nurses and 11 doctors in remote areas of the capital of Peru. Conclusions: The evaluated prototype is acceptable by the staff and has a performance capable of generating spontaneous breathing at birth.
Consumption of Private Goods as Substitutes for Environmental Goods in an Economic Growth Model
Authors: Antoci A. , Galeotti M. , Russu P. 
Published: December 2019

We analyze growth dynamics in an economy where a private good can be consumed as a substitute for a free access environmental good. In this context we show that environmental deterioration may be an engine of economic growth. To protect themselves against environmental deterioration, economic agents are forced to increase their labour supply to increase the production and consumption of the private good. This, in turn, further depletes the environmental good, leading economic agents to further increase their labour supply and private consumption and so on. This substitution process may give rise to self-enforcing growth dynamics characterized by a lack of correlation between capital accumulation and private consumption levels, on one side, and economic agents’ welfare, on the other.
Furthermore, we show that agents’ self-protection consumption choices can generate indeterminacy; that is, they can give rise to the existence of a continuum of (Nash) equilibrium orbits leading to the same attracting fixed point or periodic orbit.
Dufour and Soret Effects on Mixed Convection Flow Past a Vertical Porous Flat Plate with Variable Suction
Authors: Alam M. S. , Rahman M. M. 
Published: December 2019

In this paper the Dufour and Soret effects on mixed convection flow past a vertical porous flat plate embedded in a porous medium have been studied numerically. The governing non-linear partial differential equations have been transformed by a similarity transformation into a system of ordinary differential equations, which are solved numerically by applying NachtsheimSwigert shooting iteration technique together with sixth order Runge-Kutta integration scheme. For fluids of medium molecular weight (H2, air), profiles of the dimensionless velocity, temperature and concentration distributions are shown graphically for various values of suction parameter fw, Dufour number Du and Soret number Sr. Finally, numerical values of physical quantities, such as the local skin-friction coefficient, the local Nusselt number and the local Sherwood number are presented in tabular form.
Sensitivity Analysis of Fatigue Behaviour of Steel Structure under In-Plane Bending
Authors: Kala Z. 
Published: December 2019

The aim of the present paper is to analyse the influence of some input quantities on the fatigue resistance of a steel structure. The steel element subjected to many times repeated in-plane bending moment was analysed. The fatigue resistance was defined as the number of cycles causing the initial crack size propagation up to the critical size. The variability influence of input random quantities on the fatigue resistance variability was studied by means of the stochastic sensitivity analysis. All input imperfections were considered to be random quantities. The Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) numerical simulation method (Monte Carlo type method) was used. It has been found by the stochastic sensitivity analysis that the fatigue resistance variability is most sensitive to the initial crack variability. The paper presented draws attention to the necessity of identifying the statistical characteristics of the initial crack size as exactly as possible because their random variability can largely influence the failure probability of a structure. Large diversity in applying the statistical characteristics of initial crack size by numerous specialists is illustrated by the list of international publications at the end of the present paper.
Sturm-Liouville Problem for Stationary Differential Operator with Nonlocal Two-Point Boundary Conditions
Authors: Pečiulytė S. , Štikonas A. 
Published: December 2019

The Sturm-Liouville problem with various types of two-point boundary conditions is considered in this paper. In the first part of the paper, we investigate the Sturm-Liouville problem in three cases of nonlocal two-point boundary conditions. We prove general properties of the eigenfunctions and eigenvalues for such a problem in the complex case. In the second part, we investigate the case of real eigenvalues. It is analyzed how the spectrum of these problems depends on the boundary condition parameters. Qualitative behavior of all eigenvalues subject to the nonlocal boundary condition parameters is described.
Dufour and Soret Effects on Unsteady MHD Free Convection and Mass Transfer Flow past a Vertical Porous Plate in a Porous Medium
Authors: Alam M. S. , Rahman M. M. , Samad M. A. 
Published: December 2019

The Dufour and Soret effects on unsteady MHD free convection and mass transfer flow past an infinite vertical porous plate embedded in a porous medium have been studied numerically. The non-linear partial differential equations, governing the problem under consideration, have been transformed by a similarity transformation into a system of ordinary differential equations, which is solved numerically by applying Nachtsheim-Swigert shooting iteration technique together with sixth order Runge-Kutta integration scheme. The effects of various parameters entering into the problem have been examined on the flow field for a hydrogen-air mixture as a non-chemical reacting fluid pair. Finally, the numerical values of local Nusselt number and local Sherwood number are also presented in tabular form.
Control of Vibrations due to Moving Loads on Suspension Bridges
Authors: Zribi M. , Almutairi N. B. , Abdel-Rohman M. 
Published: December 2019

The flexibility and low damping of the long span suspended cables in suspension bridges makes them prone to vibrations due to wind and moving loads which affect the dynamic responses of the suspended cables and the bridge deck. This paper investigates the control of vibrations of a suspension bridge due to a vertical load moving on the bridge deck with a constant speed. A vertical cable between the bridge deck and the suspended cables is used to install a hydraulic actuator able to generate an active control force on the bridge deck. Two control schemes are proposed to generate the control force needed to reduce the vertical vibrations in the suspended cables and in the bridge deck. The proposed controllers, whose design is based on Lyapunov theory, guarantee the asymptotic stability of the system. The MATLAB software is used to simulate the performance of the controlled system. The simulation results indicate that the proposed controllers work well. In addition, the performance of the system with the proposed controllers is compared to the performance of the system controlled with a velocity feedback controller.
Theoretical Modeling and Optimization of the Detection Performance: a New Concept for Electrochemical Detection of Proteins in Microfluidic Channels
Authors: Amatore C. , Oleinick A. , Svir I. , Da Mota N. , Thouin L. 
Published: December 2019

In this work, we present a complete theoretical analysis of a new concept of electrochemical detector for application in proteomics upon considering two band microelectrodes performing in generator-collector mode. This concept of an original electrochemical detector is aimed at the detection of proteins following their separation in microfluidic biochips. The theoretical analysis is based on the use of the time-dependent coordinate transformation which allows performing precise modeling for a wide range of the key parameters governing the electrochemical detector performance. This allows defining a precise optimization procedure for its best efficiency upon considering the qualitative and quantitative effects of each of the main operational parameters.
Nonlinearities in Artificial Neural Systems Interpreted as an Application of Ising Physics
Authors: Garliauskas A. 
Published: December 2019

In this review, the nonlinearities in different processes such as spin glasses, finite field models, Hamiltonian functions, learning and storing capabilities, mean field systems and others in the area of physics related to the artificial neural networks namely the main brain structure interpreted as Ising spin systems are discussed. It is shown that nonlinearities serve as exclusive role in the applied physics field.
Effect of Interaction between Traits of Different Genotype Maize in Six Fertilizer Level by GGE Biplot Analysis in Hungary
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Mohammad Nasir , Kith Károly , Nagy János 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Hungary was one of the main countries in the world as regards the yields reached in maize production. The research was conducted to appraise the effect of NPK fertilizer on traits of different hybrid maize (Fao410, Fao340) at the University of Debrecen and our experiment was carried out in Centre for Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Crop Sciences at Látókép in 2018. NPK fertilizer was applied in six different combinations (0-0-0 control, 30-23-27 first dose, 60-46-54 second dose, 90-69-81 third dose, 120-92-108 fourth dose and 150-115-135 fifth dose kg · ha−1). The result of compound variance showed the level of fertilizer and interaction between fertilizer and genotypes were significant in one percent. Effect of genotypes was a variable level of fertilizer and providing a different yield in the level of fertilizer. The weight of seeds in ear and weight of ear were important traits in the average yield on Fao410 hybrid. Also, the fourth of the fertilizer level was the best level of fertilizer for yield on Fao410 and Fao340. the weight of fresh plant and weight of seeds in ear were highest relation with yield in H340 hybrid. The results of this research can successfully contribute to the science of maize cultivars, the given adapted hybrid to the discovery of their traits and to an application of fertilizers.
GASTRIC CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY
Authors: Mansorunov D. Zh. , Alimov A. A. , Apanovich N. V. , Kuzevanova A. Yu. , Bogush T. A. , Stilidi I. S. , Karpukhin A. V. 
Published: December 2019

Gastric cancer (GC) takes 5th place among the malignant neoplasms by incidence in the world. Mortality from GC is high, since in most cases the disease is diagnosed in the late stages, with distant metastases, the five-year survival in GC does not exceed 25–30 %. The standard for GC therapy is surgery with chemotherapy. There is a high resistance to chemotherapy in the late stages of GC, and this circumstance requires a fundamentally new therapy. Recently, studies have been actively conducted on the therapy of GC with the immune control point inhibitors. At the moment, the most studied are monoclonal antibodies against PD-1 (Programmed cell death 1, CD279) / PDL1 (Programmed death-ligand 1, CD274), CTLA-4 (Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, CD152). The article discusses the characteristics of PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4 molecules and their significance in suppressing the T-cell response, as well as the antitumor effect of immune control point inhibitors. The results of clinical studies of GC therapy with monoclonal antibodies against PD-1 / PD-L1, CTLA-4 were analyzed. The immune control point inhibitors are used as both first-line therapy and subsequent ones. The negative side of immunotherapy is immune-mediated adverse events that can affect the tissues of the kidneys, heart, gastrointestinal tract, liver, lungs, skin and endocrine glands. Biomarkers of the effectiveness of the immune control point inhibitors for GC are considered, among which one can distinguish PD-L1 expression, microsatellite instability, gene expression profile, tumor mutational load and composition of the intestinal microbiome.
MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY AND GASTRIC CARCINOMA. REVIEW OF THELITERATURE
Authors: Rotin D. L. , Paklina O. V. , Tin’kova I. O. , Grekov D. N. 
Published: December 2019

Carcinoma of the stomach is wide spread malignancy with the poor prognosis. Recent investigations of the genome features let to consider this tumor as heterogeneous lesion, presenting different biological subtypes. Each of those subtypes has its own definitive characteristics including difference in prognosis. Microsatellite instability (MSI) – epigenetic molecular abnormality known in many tumors. The role of MSI in the carcinoma of stomach, prognostic as well predictive, is still not clear. High incidence (10 up to 22 %) of MSI in carcinoma of stomach requires performing more extensive studying of this malignancy. The present review is dedicated to recent data of the literature, concerning clinical, morphological, prognostic and predictive features of MSI in the carcinoma of stomach.