bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydroxylysine Glycosides in Human Urine
Authors: Lou Marjorie F , Hamilton Paul B 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Hydroxylysyl-galactosyl-glucose (HGG) and hydroxylysyl-galactose (HG) were isolated from normal human urine and shown to be identical with hydroxylysine glycosides (OHLG's) whose structure had been elucidated in other laboratories. We devised a procedure for separating the OHLG's from many other urinary constituents by preliminary fractionation on a column of Sephadex. The OHLG's in the fractions so obtained were then isolated, uncontaminated with other ninhydrin-positive components, in a single pass through an analytical cation-exchange column equipped for splitting the effluent stream. In addition, a procedure was devised for determining as little as 10-9 mol of the OHLG's in 100 µl of filtrate (corresponding to 83.3 µl, of urine) on standard ion-exchange chromatographic amino acid analyzers. In normal adult urine, 1.5, µmol of each glycoside was present per 100 mg of creatinine; the molar ratio of HHG to HG was about 1.1 to 1.2. Each was present in plasma in about 400- to 500-fold smaller concentration than in urine. After surgical fusion of the spine, excretion of OHLG's increased and the ratio of HGG to HG decreased, changes we interpreted as indicating a more rapid bone-collagen turnover consequent to surgical damage.
Screening Method for Detection of Drugs of Abuse in Human Urine
Authors: Weissman Norman , Lee Lowe Mei , Beattie John M , Demetriou James A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A simple, convenient method is described for the detection in human urine of three major classes of drugs of abuse: amphetamines, barbiturates, and alkaloids. The drugs are adsorbed from urine by a column of non-ionic resin (Amberlite XAD-2), eluted with methanol, and chromatographed on a thin-layer silica gel plate. The drugs are made visible and identified by a series of procedures involving exposure to ultraviolet radiation, heat treatment, sequential spraying with group-specific reagents, and measurement of Rf values. Detection limits for 5-ml urine specimens are: 0.4 µg per ml for amphetamines and barbiturates, and 0.8 g per ml for alkaloids. The test requires 6 h to perform. One technologist can process 50 specimens per day.
Aldolase Isoenzymes in Patients with Progressive Muscle Dystrophy and in Human Fetuses
Authors: Tzvetanova Elena 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Aldolase isoenzymes were studied in serum and muscle tissue of normal individuals, 60 patients with different forms of progressive muscle dystrophy (PMD), and 50 patients with other types of neuromuscular diseases. The isoenzyme pattern has been investigated also in the muscle tissue of 30 human fetuses of six to 27 weeks. The isoenzymes were separated in agarose gel. In 40 sera from normals, two isoenzyme fractions were conspicuous, of which A4 was the stronger. In patients with PMD and acute polymyositis with marked hyperaldolasemia, the serum isoenzymogram was also changed. In all other patients with a normal serum aldolase activity, no changes were seen in the serum isoenzymogram. In 25 control muscle, biopsies one isoenzyme fraction, A4, was found. In patients with PMD and other neuromuscular diseases, changes in the muscle isoenzymogram were established, characterized by the appearance of one or two hybrid fractions (A3C + A2C2), and the muscle isoenzymogram resembled that of the fetal muscle. During embryonic development, human muscle tissue changes its isoenzyme pattern. During the earliest stages of development, because of the parallel synthesis of the A and C subunits, five isoenzyme fractions could be observed. In the stages that follow, the isoenzyme patterns showed a shift from C to A. By the end of the embryonic development A4 had become the prevalent form. The normal serum activity originates from muscle origin. Changes in the isoenzyme pattern of the muscle were paralleled by changes in the serum isoenzymogram of the patients with PMD. Significance of the data obtained and the role of regulator-genes is discussed.
Influence of Certain Components of a Chemically Defined Diet on Urinary Excretion of Ultraviolet-Absorbing Compounds
Authors: Butts William C , Mrochek John E , Young Donald S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Young [Clin. Chem. 16, 681 (1970)] has recently reported tentative identifications for 12 compounds resolved by anion-exchange chromatography of urine from a subject on a vanilla-flavored synthetic diet. Relative excretion rates for the diet and control periods were also given for several of the chromatographic peaks. We are reporting positive identification of 26 of the resolved compounds and absolute excretion rates for 11 of these. The most significant differences between the diet and control chromatograms are the absence of 5-acetylamino-6-amino-3-methyluracil from the diet sample and the presence of a group of large peaks— including five peaks related to the vanilla flavoring and three peaks derived from 4-aminobenzoic acid—in the diet chromatogram. The 4-aminobenzoic acid derivatives were all acetylated; the chromatogram showed no evidence of un-acetylated products.
Diagnostic Value of Urinary Enzyme Determinations
Authors: Raab Wolfgang P 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Information on physiology and pathology of urinary enzymatic activities is compiled. Attention is focused on the diagnostic applicability of urinary enzyme determinations. The data collected may stimulate the clinical chemist as well as the clinician to greater use of urinary enzymatic determinations. In many respects, systematic investigations still are lacking.
Albumin Quantitation by Dye Binding and Salt Fractionation Techniques
Authors: Miyada Don S , Baysinger Vernon , Notrica Solomon , Nakamura R M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Two dye-binding reagents, 2-(4'-hydroxybenzeneazo)benzoic acid (HABA) and bromcresol green (BCG), for the quantitation of serum albumin have been compared with the biuret colorimetric procedure after salt fractionation. The linear regression equations for the biuret-BCG and the biuret-HABA comparisons were y = 0.43 + 0.91x and y = -0.45 + 1.15x, respectively. Their corresponding correlation coefficients were 0.93 and 0.83, respectively. The effects of icterus, lipemia, and hemolysis on the dye-binding procedures were generally greater in the case of the HABA procedure. A comparison of results with BCG and HABA for 20 sera having A/G ratios of less than 1, indicates them to be equally reliable.
Fluorometric Determination of Primary and Secondary Amines in Blood and Urine after Thin-Layer Chromatography
Authors: Monforte Joseph , Bath Raymond J , Sunshine Irving 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
7-Chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa -1,3-diazole reacts with primary and secondary amines to produce highly fluorescent compounds. The resulting emission spectra for primary and secondary amines are similar; however, when the excitation spectra of these compounds are determined when the emission wavelength is kept at 520 nm, distinctly different results are obtained. Thin-layer chromatography of suitably concentrated aliquots of these solutions yield characteristic spots, the Rf values of which can be used to help identify the substances involved. This reaction was applied to the quantitative determination of amphetamine in biological extracts. If amphetamine is the only drug present it can be quantitated by fluorometry and confirmed by the thin-layer chromatographic procedure. If more than one drug is present, the fluorometric procedure is unsatisfactory for quantitative analysis. Thin-layer chromatography can be useful to identify qualitatively the drugs involved. Gas chromatography is the procedure of choice in these situations.
Use of 3-Methyl-2-Benzothiazolone Hydrazone in an Automated Colorimetric Method for Determination of Triglycerides in Plasma or Serum
Authors: Neeley W E , Goldman G E , Cupas C A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A new automated colorimetric method is described for the determination of serum or plasma triglycerides. The samples are extracted with 2-propanol containing activated alumina. An AutoAnalyzer Sampler II and Proportioning Pump II are used in combination with a Gilford Model 300 N spectrophotometer and Model 3091-A debubbler flow cell. Following on-line saponification, glycerol is oxidatively cleaved with sodium metaperiodate. The resulting formaldehyde is reacted with 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolone hydrazone (MBTH) under mild conditions to produce the corresponding azine. Further reaction of MBTH with the azine in the presence of an oxidizing agent results in the formation of a blue cationic adduct. Beer's law is obeyed, at 670 nm, to a triglyceride concentration of 400 mg/100 ml. Because of the high sensitivity of the MBTH reaction, short incubation periods, high sampling rates (60/h), and low flow rates can be used. The results correlate well with those obtained by the Kessler-Lederer method and by a totally enzymatic method.
Serum Propylthiouracil: Determination by a Direct Colorimetric Procedure
Authors: Ratliff Charles R , Gilliland Paul F , Hall Frank F 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A direct colorimetric method is described for the determination of propylthiouracil in serum, which is based on reaction of the drug at pH 8.0 with 2,6-dichloroquinone-chloroimide to produce a colored chloroform-soluble compound. After isolation from the aqueous layer with phase-separating filter paper, the chloroform solution is read against a chloroform blank at 435 nm. Propylthiouracil added to drug-free serum serves as a control sample. The method obeys Beer's law up to a concentration of at least 10 mg/liter.
Rapid Method for Determining Ultrafiltrable Calcium in Serum
Authors: Halver Bent 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A modification of a simple method for determining ultrafiltrable calcium in serum is presented. Because variations of pH influence the values for ultrafiltrable calcium, a correction for changes of pH is suggested in order to avoid anaerobic handling of the blood specimens. By this procedure the original method is made simpler, more rapid, and more accurate.
Automated Method for Determination of Serum 5'-Nucleotidase Activity
Authors: Bethune Victor G , Fleisher Martin , Schwartz Morton K 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An automated method has been devised for determining 5'-nucleotidase activity in serum. A modified creatine phosphokinase cartridge (Technicon Instrument Corp., Tarrytown, N. Y.) is used to prepare a reaction mixture containing, per liter: barbital buffer (pH 7.5), 16.1 mmol; adenosine-5'-phosphate, 5.4 mmol; Mg2+, 20.2 mmol; phenyl phosphate, 7.8 mmol; adenosine deaminase, 0.78 mg; and sample, 0.21 ml/ml of reaction mixture. After incubation, the liberated ammonium ion is determined by use of the alkaline hypochlorite-phenol reaction. Nucleotidase activity as determined by the automated method correlated well with activities as determined manually by a Ni2+ inhibition—phosphate analysis procedure. Respective values obtained by the manual and by this procedure were: for sera with activities within the normal range, 7.9 ± 3.2 and 8.2 ± 3.3 U/liter; for activities between 16 and 50 U/liter, 26.3 ± 9.3 and 26.5 ± 8.8 U/liter; and for serum with activities greater than 50 U/liter, 79.1 ± 42.5 and 78.7 ± 41.3 U/liter.
Aspartate Aminotransferase ("SGOT") Assay in Serum, with Use of the AutoAnalyzer II 340 Colorimeter in a Conventional AutoAnalyzer I System, Including Dialysis
Authors: Levy Arthur L , Konig-Levy Susanna 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
For assay of serum aspartate aminotransferase activity the AutoAnalyzer II single-channel 340-nm colorimeter has been substituted in the AutoAnalyzer I system. The larger dialyzer requires proper balance between the liquid streams entering and leaving the flow cell, and between air-bubble size and total flow rate. For precise air metering, an air-bar has been improvised. Analysis rate is 60 per hour, the samplewash ratio is 1:2. Through-put time is 15 min. The reaction is linear to 200 Karmen units without serum blanks. Sera were analyzed by our hybrid system, by an automated Transac procedure, by Henry’s manual 340 nm kinetic method, and by the 340-nm SMA-12 method. The results were not significantly different. Within-run precision at three concentrations is 2.13.8% (coefficient of variation). Day-to-day precision CV is 4.3%. Interaction is 2 to 4%.
Evaluation for Four Reagent Kits and Two Flame Photometers Used to Determine Sodium and Potassium in Serum
Authors: Kim Edward K , Waddell Leslie D , Logan James E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The Stanbio and Medi-Chem sodium and potassium kits were evaluated and the results compared with those obtained with the Coleman Jr. Model 21, NIL 4-7000, and Technicon flame photometers. Day-to-day reproducibility studies and data based on comparative studies with sera from patients revealed that the Stanbio and Medi-Chem sodium kits and the Medi-Chem potassium kit give diagnostically unsatisfactory results. Results with the Stanbio potassium kit were reproducible, but further improvement is required, as indicated by nonspecificity in the analyses of patient sera. Instability of the Coleman Jr. flame photometer made it difficult to obtain acceptable data in these tests, particularly for sodium, while the NIL flame photometer had good precision and accuracy.
Blood Carboxyhemoglobin: Results with Conventional Standards Compared with Those with a Submicroliter Reference of Gaseous CO
Authors: Sundström Gunnar 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The reference standard for the determination of CO in blood usually consists of whole blood or hemoglobin (Hb) solutions equilibrated with 100% CO. A new, simple method for injecting very small gas volumes with high accuracy and reproducibility makes possible a closer study of the CO extraction process from blood (e.g., into neutral ferricyanide). The present method for CO analysis is based on a "gas chromatographic" system with CO detection as methane by flame ionization. In preparing blood COHb standards, notice must be taken of physically dissolved CO and "COrefractory" hemoglobin (e.g., methemoglobin). Solutions to this problem are suggested. The validity of the factor 1.39 (ml) for maximal CO binding capacity of 1 g of Hb is discussed in comparison with the experimentally measured recovery, about 97% for a fully saturated Hb solution.
Automated Direct Method for Measurement of Serum Cholesterol, with Use of Primary Standards and a Stable Reagent
Authors: Holub William R , Galli Frank A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A manual direct determination of serum cholesterol [Clin. Chem. 16, 980 (1970)] has been adapted for automation. Optimal reaction temperature and reaction time were determined. The aqueous standard used is equivalent to NBS Standard Reference Material No. 911. Commercial control sera and 60 randomly chosen specimens were used to check accuracy and precision against the method of Abell et al. [J. Biol. Chem. 195, 357 (1952)]. The correlation coefficient was 0.980. When these results were compared with those obtained with the SMA 12/60, the latter method had significant differences when there was interference from hemoglobin, bilirubin, gamma globulin, or gross lipemia. For a pooled serum, the inter-run relative standard deviation (coefficient of variation) was ±2.7%. Advantages over other automated direct methods for serum cholesterol include: use of primary standards, the stable and less noxious reagent, simplicity of the manifold, longer life of the reagent manifold tubing, and the decrease in photometric interferences.
Test for Mucopolysaccharidoses: Simple Method for Quantitative Estimation of Urinary Glycosaminoglycans
Authors: Calatroni Alberto 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A simple method is described for measurement of urinary glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in normal and pathological urine: a fixed fraction of the 24-h urine is passed over a small plug of ECTEOLA-modified cellulose and the GAG are eluted with a few milliliters of NaCl solution (3 mol/liter) and measured as hexuronic acid. Because results are compared for equal aliquots of complete 24-h urines, GAG are quickly detected, thus providing means for a chemical diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis. The procedure requires less than 1 h, and several tests may be conveniently run simultaneously. When urine specimens collected from normal children or children affected by mucopolysaccharidosis were analyzed, the results obtained with the proposed procedure agree well with those of more elaborate, widely accepted methods.
"Glycerate Dehydrogenase" Activity in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: McQueen M J , Garland I W C , Morgan H G 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Hydroxypyruvate has been shown to be an alternative substrate for lactate dehydrogenase. The clinical value of this "glycerate dehydrogenase" has been investigated on 60 patients admitted to the hospital with a provisional diagnosis of myocardial infarction. For comparison, lactate dehydrogenase, α-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase were also assayed at 37°C. Normal ranges and methods of assay are given for each enzyme. Glycerate dehydrogenase has greater activity than any other enzyme and parallels lactate dehydrogenase and α-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase in its time of peak activity and duration of increased activity. Clinical and biochemical evidence is provided to show that α-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase is not specific for the cardiac isoenzymes. Of the enzymes studied, creatine kinase activity increases most quickly after myocardial infarction, and an exclusive role for its use in coronary care units is also suggested.
Implication of Creatinine and Gut Flora in the Uremic Syndrome: Induction of "Creatininase" in Colon Contents of the Rat by Dietary Creatinine
Authors: Jones James D , Burnett Philip C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
"Creatininase" activity was induced in the colon flora of rats by feeding creatinine. Sarcosine and methylamine were tentatively identified as the major products of the enzymic action. A third (unidentified) compound was observed. These compounds and methylguanidine were labeled in the urine of rats given 14CH3-creatinine orally. The results suggest that creatinine should not be considered biologically inert in animals, especially in those with decreased renal function.
Rapid Extraction of Triglycerides from Human Adipose Tissue with Petroleum Ether
Authors: Newman H A I , Gordon Elizabeth A , Heggen Darrol W , Keller Martin D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A rapid method has been developed for extracting neutral lipid from small samples of human adipose tissue, with a petroleum ether ("Skellysolve B") as the extracting solvent. It is coupled with a simple method of transesterification, to convert the purified triglycerides to fatty acid methyl esters. Virtually no phospholipid is extracted by the petroleum ether. Analysis of the extracted lipid by gas—liquid chromatography yielded fatty acid distributions comparable to those obtained by chloroform—methanol extraction.
Quality Control of an Automated Differential Isoenzyme Assay of Alkaline Phosphatase, with Use of L-Phenylalanine Inhibition
Authors: Cantor Fred , Green Sidney , Stolbach Leo L , Fishman William H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A quality-control program, in which a heat-stable human alkaline phosphatase preparation is used to monitor the performance of an automated alkaline phosphatase method, was observed for a year. In the method phenyl phosphate is used as substrate, L-phenylalanine as an intestinal isoenzyme inhibitor, and a phenol standard curve to monitor chromogen formation. Mean total alkaline phosphatase activity was 14.0 ± 0.9 King-Armstrong units (CV, 6.4%), and mean inhibition by L-phenylalanine was 78.2 ± 1.1% (CV, 1.4%). These data compared closely with the data obtained in a collaborating laboratory during the same one-year period.
Elimination of Dextran Interference in Serum Protein Determinations
Authors: Moore John J , Sax Sylvan M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Ethylene glycol, 120 ml per liter of biuret reagent, eliminates the falsely high values for serum proteins caused by as much as 2 g of either "Dextran 40" or "Dextran 75" per deciliter of serum.
Semiquantitation of Leucine, Isoleucine, and Valine by Thin-Layer Chromatography in Management of Maple-Syrup Urine Disease
Authors: Allen Richard J , Frey H Jeane , Fleming LaDona M , Owings Clyde L 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A few microliters of serum suffice to estimate the leucine, isoleucine, and valine present. The three branched-chain amino acids are separated by unidirectional thin-layer chromatography, and estimated by visual comparison with co-chromatographed individual standards in graduated concentrations. The method is especially applicable to the frequent monitoring of serum branchedchain amino acids needed in treating patients with maple-syrup urine disease, and may also be used for rapid diagnosis of the disease in suspected infants.
Spectrophotometric Micromethod for Measuring Cholinesterase Activity in Serum or Plasma
Authors: Uete Tetsuo , Miyamato Yoko , Ohnishi Mieko , Shimano Noriko 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A simple ultraviolet method has been developed for determining serum or plasma cholinesterase activity. The cholinesterase acts on acetyl- or butyrylthiocholine to release thiocholine, which reacts with 2,2'- or 4,4'-dithiodipyridine, showing absorbance at 324 or 343 nm, respectively. The activity can be measured kinetically and also after incubation for 3 to 5 min at 20° to 37°C. A volume of 10 µl of serum or plasma is sufficient for the determination. This method is well suited for clinical investigation as well as experimental studies.
Symptomatic Porphyria in a Case of Felty’s Syndrome. I. Clinical and Routine Biochemical Studies
Authors: Eales L , Sears W G , King K B , Levey M J , Rimington C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This report deals with the case of a 64-year-old white woman with long-standing Felty’s syndrome who developed symptomatic porphyria during the last three years of her life. Clinical and biochemical findings were typical of those for symptomatic porphyria, except for lack of exposure to alcohol and the absence of hepatic siderosis. The course of this patient was dominated by repeated infections, which were undoubtedly related to the persistent neutropenia and the multiple portals of infection provided by the porphyric skin lesions. Splenectomy and steroid therapy led to a brief increase in the leukocyte count. Despite the apparent effectiveness of methenolone therapy in returning the leukocyte count toward normal, she died as a result of a severe pulmonary infection, and at autopsy a lung abscess was demonstrated. Daily porphyrin excretion progressively declined during the two periods of hospitalization, but cutaneous porphyric lesions continued to appear, although with less intensity. The large amount of porphyrin excreted in the early phases provided abundant material for the intensive investigations reported in Part II of this report.
Hydrochlorothiazide Interference with Urinary Estriol Determination
Authors: Rosenthal Arthur F , Tomson Marie R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The commonly used diuretic, hydrochlorothiazide, interferes with the determination of urinary estriol, by destroying the latter during acid hydrolysis. Urine specimens from pregnant patients taking this diuretic may therefore show falsely low estriol values.