bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Last Glacial Maximum forcing dataset for ocean modelling
Authors: Morée Anne L. , Schwinger Jörg 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Model simulations of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM;
∼ 21 000 years before present) can aid the interpretation of
proxy records, can help to gain an improved mechanistic understanding of the LGM
climate system, and are valuable for the evaluation of model performance in
a different climate state. Ocean-ice only model configurations forced by
prescribed atmospheric data (referred to as “forced ocean models”)
drastically reduce the computational cost of palaeoclimate modelling
compared to fully coupled model frameworks. While feedbacks between the
atmosphere and ocean and sea-ice compartments of the Earth system are not
present in such model configurations, many scientific questions can be
addressed with models of this type. Our dataset supports simulations of the
LGM in a forced ocean model set-up while still taking advantage of the
complexity of fully coupled model set-ups. The data presented here are
derived from fully coupled palaeoclimate simulations of the Palaeoclimate
Modelling Intercomparison Project phase 3 (PMIP3). The data are publicly
accessible at the National Infrastructure for Research Data (NIRD) Research Data Archive at
https://doi.org/10.11582/2020.00052 (Morée and Schwinger, 2020). They
consist of 2-D anomaly forcing fields suitable for use in ocean models that
employ a bulk forcing approach and are optimized for use with CORE forcing
fields. The data include specific humidity, downwelling long-wave and
short-wave radiation, precipitation, wind (v and u components), temperature,
and sea surface salinity (SSS). All fields are provided as climatological
mean anomalies between LGM and pre-industrial (PI) simulations. These anomaly
data can therefore be added to any pre-industrial ocean forcing dataset in
order to obtain forcing fields representative of LGM conditions as simulated
by PMIP3 models. Furthermore, the dataset can be easily updated to reflect
results from upcoming and future palaeo-model intercomparison activities.
Predicting probabilities of streamflow intermittency across a temperate mesoscale catchment
Authors: Kaplan Nils Hinrich , Blume Theresa , Weiler Markus 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The fields of eco-hydrological modelling and extreme flow prediction and management demand detailed information of streamflow intermittency and its corresponding landscape controls. Innovative sensing technology for monitoring of streamflow intermittency in perennial rivers and intermittent reaches improves data availability, but reliable maps of streamflow intermittency are still rare. We used a large dataset of streamflow intermittency observations and a set of spatial predictors to create logistic regression models to predict the probability of streamflow intermittency for a full year as well as wet and dry periods for the entire 247 km2 Attert catchment in Luxembourg. Similar climatic conditions across the catchment permit a direct comparison of the streamflow intermittency among different geological and pedological regions. We used 15 spatial predictors describing land cover, track (road) density, terrain
metrics, soil and geological properties. Predictors were included as local-scale information, represented by the local value at the catchment outlet and as integral catchment information calculated as the mean catchment value over all pixels upslope of the catchment outlet. The terrain metrics catchment area and profile curvature were identified in all models as the most important predictors, and the model for the wet period was based solely on these two predictors. However, the model for the dry period additionally comprises soil hydraulic conductivity and bedrock permeability. The annual model with the most complex predictor set contains the predictors of the dry-period model plus the presence of tracks. Classifying the spatially distributed streamflow intermittency probabilities into ephemeral, intermittent and perennial reaches allows the estimation of stream network extent under various conditions. This approach, based on extensive monitoring and statistical modelling, is a first step to provide detailed spatial information for hydrological modelling as well as management practice.
The role of Barents–Kara sea ice loss in projected polar vortex changes
Authors: Kretschmer Marlene , Zappa Giuseppe , Shepherd Theodore G. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The Northern Hemisphere stratospheric polar vortex (SPV) plays a key role in mid-latitude weather and climate. However, in what way the SPV will respond to global warming is not clear, with climate models disagreeing on the sign and magnitude of projected SPV strength change. Here we address the potential role of Barents and Kara (BK) sea ice loss in this. We provide evidence for a non-linear response of the SPV to global mean temperature change, which is coincident with the time the BK seas become ice-free. Using a causal network approach, we demonstrate that climate models show some partial support for the previously proposed link between low BK sea ice in autumn and a weakened winter SPV but that this effect is plausibly very small relative to internal variability. Yet, given the expected dramatic decrease in sea ice in the future, even a small causal effect can explain all of the projected ensemble-mean SPV weakening, approximately one-half of the ensemble spread in the middle of the 21st century, and one-third of the spread at the end of the century. Finally, we note that most models have unrealistic amounts of BK sea ice, meaning that their SPV response to ice loss is unrealistic. Bias adjusting for this effect leads to pronounced differences in SPV response of individual models at both ends of the spectrum but has no strong consequences for the overall ensemble mean and spread. Overall, our results indicate the importance of exploring all plausible implications of a changing Arctic for regional climate risk
assessments.
Citizen science
Authors: Hetland Per 
Published: November 2020

How do civic educators and citizen communities co-construct access, interaction, and participation and bridge contributory and democratized citizen science? This study builds on interviews and observations with amateur naturalists, professional biologists, and public authorities about their participation in the Species Observations System (SO)—Norway’s largest citizen science (CS) project.
Over more than twenty years, CS has been understood as either contributory (contributing with data) or democratized (emancipating the pursuit of science). Following these models, CS studies has developed a number of classifications of CS projects. The present article aims to bridge contributory CS and democratized CS by using the access, interaction, and participation (AIP) model outlined by Carpentier, without extending the number of classifications.
Access and interaction signify contributory CS. Well-functioning technology is a precondition for joining the ranks of records, contributors, validators, and institutional actors. Interaction is the second founding stone of participation, and organizations are crucial to facilitating interaction. Participation signifies democratized CS. The choice of technology involves important dimensions of power, as technology structures actions. However, the ability to build and sustain the technological infrastructure also illustrates that participation is organizational power, enacted both from the bottom-up and top-down.
Holly Boswell: Asheville’s Social Justice Warrior, Voices from the LGBTQIA+ Archive of Western North Carolina
Authors: Wray Amanda 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article uses participant stories across four decades to historicize cultural shifts related to LGBTQ+ visibility and inclusion within western North Carolina. In particular, I wish to introduce readers to social justice warrior Holly Boswell (born 1950), a transgender activist and movement influencer who moved to Asheville, North Carolina, in 1976. Holly Boswell co-designed the transgender symbol, created one of the longest running transgender support groups in the country, and pushed for gender neutral bathrooms in Asheville businesses long before HB2 (the Public Facilities Privacy & Security Act, commonly known as House Bill 2) attempted to mandate bathrooms by birth certificate data. Her scholarship shaped the language of the transgender liberation movement beyond gender binaries, and her advocacy facilitated a paradigm shift toward LGBTQ+ inclusion.
“How About Some Collaboration?”: Micro-Level Barriers to Democratic, Evidence-Based Decision Making
Authors: Scott Shaunna L. , McSpirit Stephanie M. , Friesen Jared , Engle Kathryn 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This case study of Elkhorn City, Kentucky, a community in conflict over economic development and the legalization of alcohol sales, reflects some of the dysfunctional political dynamics that currently threaten liberal democracies regionally, nationally, and globally. In spite of the area’s many natural and cultural assets, demographic homogeneity, and broad areas of commonality and agreement, this community has found it difficult to create a more diverse, just, and regenerative economy as the region’s coal industry has declined. By applying concepts from the social constructivist and critical theory perspectives, the authors illuminate micro-level obstacles to democratic deliberation and evidence-based decision making, two factors that are necessary to create a more just and regenerative economy. As such, the article contributes to a long history of Appalachian studies scholarship that focuses on the democratic deficit and social trust and justice in Central Appalachia.
Students in Community Action: Service-Learning as Social Justice in Appalachian Communities
Authors: Presley Erin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This note considers the work involved with responsibly developing, planning, and implementing a service-learning course at a comprehensive university with a service region comprised of several distressed counties in eastern Kentucky. At Eastern Kentucky University (EKU), service-learning courses engage students in projects benefitting the surrounding community while simultaneously challenging students to think critically and creatively about their own coursework and their civic duty. One key detail that this description and most service-learning related scholarship ignores—and that this note addresses—is that a majority of students at EKU are from the communities in which service-learning classes work. For example, students in my English course, Introduction to Technical and Professional Writing, worked directly with high school students from two economically disadvantaged eastern Kentucky counties, identified as distressed by the Appalachian Regional Commission, through a program offered by the Kentucky River Foothills Development Council (KRFDC). That KRFDC program helped students prepare for life after high school (for example, navigating college and job applications, the interview process, etc.). Many of the EKU students also hailed from those very same mountain communities and faced similar economic struggles. Drawing on IRB-approved pre- and post-project surveys as well as the ongoing scholarly conversations about service-learning, this note discusses how service-learning pedagogy works in this part of Appalachia with an emphasis on students, community partners, and social justice.
The Polish Debate on the House of European History in Brussels
Authors: Garbowski Christopher 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe article presents the development of the House of European History (HEH), a project of the European Parliament which opened in 2017, together with its overall reception, most specifically within Poland. The broader concerns of East Central European countries are examined on the basis of a report published by the Platform of European Memory and Conscience. Finally, the Polish debate on the institution is presented and its significance discussed. Of greatest concern for the commentators are the aspects of the exhibition that pertain to Poland and East Central Europe, especially during World War II and the Cold War. Although positive elements are recognized, such as the fact that in the section on totalitarian regimes Nazi and Stalinist crimes are comparable and the evils of Stalinism are present, Polish critics note the same is not true of communism itself. Some commentators suggest that the HEH exhibition demonstrates Poland lacks an effective historical politics to promote its narrative. An unusual turn in the debate occurred when an official from the European Parliament critiqued a review of the exhibition in a leading opinion-making newspaper demonstrating a paternalistic attitude. It has also been suggested that the lack of sensitivity toward Eastern European historical experience at the HEH exhibition could indicate a partial form of cultural imperialism of the center toward the periphery. At a minimum it demonstrates gross negligence toward a key part of European memory necessary for the union’s fuller self-understanding to further integration on an equal basis.
Genomic characterization and phylogenetic analysis ofSalmonella entericaserovar Javiana
Authors: Hudson Lauren K. , Constantine-Renna Lisha , Thomas Linda , Moore Christina , Qian Xiaorong , Garman Katie , Dunn John R. , Denes Thomas G. 
Published: November 2020

Salmonella entericaserovar Javiana is the fourth most reported serovar of laboratory-confirmed humanSalmonellainfections in the U.S. and in Tennessee (TN). AlthoughSalmonellaser. Javiana is a common cause of human infection, the majority of cases are sporadic in nature rather than outbreak-associated. To better understandSalmonellaser. Javiana microbial population structure in TN, we completed a phylogenetic analysis of 111Salmonellaser. Javiana clinical isolates from TN collected from Jan. 2017 to Oct. 2018. We identified mobile genetic elements and genes known to confer antibiotic resistance present in the isolates, and performed a pan-genome-wide association study (pan-GWAS) to compare gene content between clades identified in this study. The population structure of TNSalmonellaser. Javiana clinical isolates consisted of three genetic clades: TN clade I (n = 54), TN clade II (n = 4), and TN clade III (n = 48). Using a 5, 10, and 25 hqSNP distance threshold for cluster identification, nine, 12, and 10 potential epidemiologically-relevant clusters were identified, respectively. The majority of genes that were found to be over-represented in specific clades were located in mobile genetic element (MGE) regions, including genes encoding integrases and phage structures (91.5%). Additionally, a large portion of the over-represented genes from TN clade II (44.9%) were located on an 87.5 kb plasmid containing genes encoding a toxin/antitoxin system (ccdAB). Additionally, we completed phylogenetic analyses of globalSalmonellaser. Javiana datasets to gain a broader insight into the population structure of this serovar. We found that the global phylogeny consisted of three major clades (one of which all of the TN isolates belonged to) and two cgMLST eBurstGroups (ceBGs) and that the branch length between the twoSalmonellaser. Javiana ceBGs (1,423 allelic differences) was comparable to those from other serovars that have been reported as polyphyletic (929–2,850 allelic differences). This study demonstrates the population structure of TN and globalSalmonellaser. Javiana isolates, a clinically importantSalmonellaserovar and can provide guidance for phylogenetic cluster analyses for public health surveillance and response.
Antihelminthic Activity, Phytochemical Profile and Microscopic Features of Ocimum basilicum Collected in DR Congo
Authors: Kabengele Carlos N. , Ngoyi Etienne M. , Kasiama Giresse N. , Kilembe Jason T. , Matondo Aristote , Inkoto Clement L. , Lengbiye Emmanuel M. , Mbadiko Clement M. , Amogu Jean Jacques D. , Bongo Gedeon N. , Gbolo Benjamin Z. , Tshibangu Damien S. T. , Ngbolua Koto-te-Nyiwa , Tshilanda Dorothée D. , Mpiana Pius T. 
Published: November 2020

Aim: The main aim of the present study is to validate the bioactivity of O. basilicum, a medicinal plant traditionally used to treat helminthiasis in DRC.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, University of Kinshasa, between June 2018 and March 2019.
Methodology: Different parts (stems, leaves and flowers) of O. basilicum and specimens of earthworms of Benhamia rosea were collected and identified at University of Kinshasa. Micrographic examination was carried out using Biolux NV microscope and X-ray fluorescence method for mineral content determination. Radical scavenging activity was performed using the ABTS radical test.
Results: Microscopic analysis of O. basilicum powder revealed various histological elements like crystalline fibres, sclerotic fibres, fragments of spiral vessels, pluricellular hairs and glandular hairs. Phytochemical screening in solution and by TLC revealed the presence of polyphenols (flavonoids, anthocyanins, saponins), alkaloids, steroids, coumarins, terpenoids, irridoids and anthraquinones. 20 elements including calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulphur, chlorine, aluminium, manganese, iron, zinc, copper, strontium, rubidium, bromine, silver, vanadium, neodymium, silicium and lead were determined. The aqueous extract of O. basilicum showed good dose-dependent antihelminthic activity and radical scavenging activity with IC50: 27.04 ± 4.58 µg/mL.
Conclusion: This study provides an additional information on the mineral composition and antihelminthic activity of O. basilicum growing in DRC. The antihelminthic activity of this plant could be associated to the presence of flavonoids. To the current knowledge, no study on the histological elements of O. basilicum is available in the literature.
The Effectiveness of the Heated Humidified High Flow Nasal Cannula as a Noninvasive Respiratory Support for Preterm Infants for Prevention of Extubation Failure
Authors: Nofal Sarah Mohamed , Sheikh May Rabie El- , Mahdy Heba Saed El- , Awny Mostafa Mohamed 
Published: November 2020

Aims: To compare the efficacy and safety of the HHHFNC as a post extubation respiratory support of preterm infants who were initially required endotracheal intubation and conventional mechanical ventilator after birth at different flow rates (3 L/min and 6 L/min).
Study Design: A Randomized controlled trial.
Place and Duration of Study: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Pediatrics department, Tanta University Hospitals, over one-year period, from December 2018 to December 2019.
Methodology: 30 preterm, with gestational age (30-36) weeks and birth weight ≥ 1300 g, were randomized to receive HHHFNC at either flow rate 3 or 6 L\min to prevent postextubation failure. Primary outcomes: the incidence of treatment failure of the HHHFNC at flow 3 and 6 L/min, which will require n CPAP or NIMV, or will require reintubation after successful extubation within 72 h. Secondary outcomes: rate of deaths within 72 hours post extubation, the total duration of all types of oxygen support, total duration of hospitalization and incidence of neonatal morbidities such as nasal trauma, BPD, symptomatic PDA, IVH ≥ grade II, pneumothorax, pulmonary hemorrhage, ROP, apnea, sepsis and NEC ≥ stage II.
Results: The incidence of need for higher flow rate of HHHFNC (n =17, 56.6%) , the need for n CPAP or NIMV after failure of higher flow rate of HHHFNC (n =16, 53.3%), the need for intubation & MV (n =7, 23.3%), the incidence of nasal trauma (n =9, 30%), BPD (n =9, 30%) , IVH ≥ II (n =7, 23.3%) , NEC ≥ II (n =0), pneumothorax ( n =5, 16.6%) , pulmonary haemorrhage (n =3, 10%), death (n =3, 10%), median duration of hospitalization in days =22.5 (17-28), median duration of all oxygen support in days = 18 (15-21), so the failure rate was 17 out of 30 (56.6%).
Conclusion: HHHFNC use is noninferior to other forms of noninvasive respiratory support in preterm infants for prevention of extubation failure. There were better outcomes of HHHFNC with higher gestational age and birth weight in preterm infants at either flow rates 3 or 6 L/min.
Tailored Graphene Micropatterns by Wafer‐Scale Direct Transfer for Flexible Chemical Sensor Platform
Authors: Kim Yeonhoo , Kim Taehoon , Lee Jinwoo , Choi Yong Seok , Moon Joonhee , Park Seo Yun , Lee Tae Hyung , Park Hoon Kee , Lee Sol A , Kwon Min Sang , Byun Hyung‐Gi , Lee Jong‐Heun , Lee Myoung‐Gyu , Hong Byung Hee , Jang Ho Won 
Published: November 2020

Abstract2D materials, such as graphene, exhibit great potential as functional materials for numerous novel applications due to their excellent properties. The grafting of conventional micropatterning techniques on new types of electronic devices is required to fully utilize the unique nature of graphene. However, the conventional lithography and polymer‐supported transfer methods often induce the contamination and damage of the graphene surface due to polymer residues and harsh wet‐transfer conditions. Herein, a novel strategy to obtain micropatterned graphene on polymer substrates using a direct curing process is demonstrated. Employing this method, entirely flexible, transparent, well‐defined self‐activated graphene sensor arrays, capable of gas discrimination without external heating, are fabricated on 4 in. wafer‐scale substrates. Finite element method simulations show the potential of this patterning technique to maximize the performance of the sensor devices when the active channels of the 2D material are suspended and nanoscaled. This study contributes considerably to the development of flexible functional electronic devices based on 2D materials.
Hybrid Solid Electrolyte Interphases Enabled Ultralong Life Ca‐Metal Batteries Working at Room Temperature
Authors: Song Huawei , Su Jian , Wang Chengxin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCurrently, the application of calcium metal anodes is challenged by rapidly degenerated plating/stripping electrochemistry without suitable solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) capable of fast Ca2+ transport kinetics and superior ability to resist anion oxidation. Here, through in situ evolved Na/Ca hybrid SEIs, symmetrical Ca//Ca batteries readily remain stable for more than 1000 h deposition–dissolution cycles (versus less than 60 h for those with pure Ca SEIs under the same condition). Coupled with a specially designed freestanding lattice‐expanded graphitic carbon fiber membrane and tailored operation voltages, the proof‐of‐concept Ca‐metal batteries reversibly run for almost 1900 cycles with ≈83% capacity retention and a high average discharge voltage of 3.16 V. The good performance not only benefits from the stable SEIs at the Ca metal surface which affords free Ca2+ transports and prohibits out‐of‐control fluridation of Ca (forming CaF2 ion‐/electron‐insulating layer) but is also attributed to reversible relay insertion/extraction electrochemistry in the cathode. This work sheds new light on durable metal battery technology.