bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Prehospital Outcomes for Cardiac Arrest (EPOC) study: sequential mixed-methods study protocol in Michigan, USA
Authors: Salhi Rama A , Fouche Sydney , Mendel Peter , Nelson Christopher , Fetters Michael D , Guetterman Timothy , Forman Jane , Nham Wilson , Goldstick Jason E , Lehrich Jessica , Forbush Bill , Iovan Samantha , Hsu Antony , Shields Theresa A , Domeier Robert , Setodji Claude M , Neumar Robert W ,   CARES Surveillance Group, Nallamothu Brahmajee K , Abir Mahshid 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionOut-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a common, life-threatening event encountered routinely by first responders, including police, fire and emergency medical services (EMS). Current literature suggests that there is significant regional variation in outcomes, some of which may be related to modifiable factors. Yet, there is a persistent knowledge gap regarding strategies to guide quality improvement efforts in OHCA care and, by extension, survival. The Enhancing Prehospital Outcomes for Cardiac Arrest (EPOC) study aims to fill these gaps and to improve outcomes.Methods and analysisThis mixed-methods study includes three aims. In aim I, we will define variation in OHCA survival to the emergency department (ED) among EMS agencies that participate in the Michigan Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (CARES) in order to sample EMS agencies with high-survival and low-survival outcomes. In aim II, we will conduct site visits to emergency medical systems—including 911/dispatch, police, non-transport fire, and EMS agencies—in approximately eight high-survival and low-survival communities identified in aim I. At each site, key informant interviews and a multidisciplinary focus group will identify themes associated with high OHCA survival. Transcripts will be coded using a structured codebook and analysed through thematic analysis. Results from aims I and II will inform the development of a survey instrument in aim III that will be administered to all EMS agencies in Michigan. This survey will test the generalisability of factors associated with increased OHCA survival in the qualitative work to ultimately build an EPOC Toolkit which will be distributed to a broad range of stakeholders as a practical ‘how-to’ guide to improve outcomes.Ethics and disseminationThe EPOC study was deemed exempt by the University of Michigan Institutional Review Board. Findings will be compiled in an ‘EPOC Toolkit’ and disseminated in the USA through partnerships including, but not limited to, policymakers, EMS leadership and health departments.
The Biathlon Injury and Illness Surveillance (BIIS) project protocol: a prospective cohort study across two World Cup seasons
Authors: Fitzpatrick Jane , Panagodage Perera Nirmala 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionReliably and accurately establishing injury and illness epidemiology in biathletes will provide insight into seasonal changes, provide potential to better embed innovative prevention strategies and advance sports medicine through the provision of effective healthcare to biathletes. The main objective of the Biathlon Injury and Illness Study (BIIS) is to provide the first comprehensive epidemiological profile of injury and illness in biathlon athletes during two consecutive Biathlon World Cup seasons over 2-years.MethodsThe BIIS study methodology is established in line with the International Olympic Committee (IOC) injury and illness surveillance protocols using a biathlon-specific injury and illness report form. Team medical staff will provide weekly data using injury and illness definitions of any injury or illness that receives medical attention regardless of time loss. Injuries or illness must be diagnosed and reported by a qualified medical professional (eg, team physician, physiotherapist) to ensure accurate and reliable diagnoses. Descriptive statistics will be used to identify the type, body region and nature of the injury or illness and athlete demographics such as age and gender. Summary measures of injury and illnesses per 1000 athlete-days will be calculated whereby the total number of athletes will be multiplied by the number of days in the season to calculate athlete-days.Ethics and DisseminationThis study has been approved by the Bellbery Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC reference: 2017-10-757). Results will be published irrespective of negative or positive outcomes and disseminated through different platforms to reach a wide range of stakeholders.
Non-diabetic ketoacidosis: a case series and literature review
Authors: Bashir Bilal , Fahmy Ahmed A , Raza Farheen , Banerjee Moulinath 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTThe genesis of ketone bodies by organisms is a protective mechanism. This metabolic process helps organisms to survive acute metabolic derangements in times of nutrient deficiency. When prolonged, ketogenesis leads to ketoacidosis, which is a potentially life-threatening metabolic disorder due to the accumulation of keto-acids in the body. The most common cause is diabetic ketoacidosis, though starvation ketoacidosis and alcoholic ketoacidosis are not uncommon. The presentation of all ketoacidotic states is similar—being generally unwell, abdominal pain, rapid and shallow breathing, vomiting and dehydration. Non-diabetic ketoacidotic states are very commonly overlooked due to relative unawareness among the clinicians, leading to misdiagnosis and thereby inappropriate management culminating in added mortality and morbidity. We describe here six cases of alcoholic and starvation ketoacidosis, review the literature currently available and discuss the common pitfalls in managing such cases.
Description of a new species of the genus Lebbeus White, 1847 (Decapoda, Thoridae) from the Bohai Sea, China
Authors: Wang Yanrong , Zhu Chaodong , Sha Zhongli 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A new species of the caridean family Thoridae, Lebbeus liui sp. nov., is described from the Bohai Sea, China. It belongs to the group characterized by the presence of epipods on the third maxilliped to third pereiopod. The new species is most similar to L. fasciatus and L. speciosus. It differs from the above two species by the number of the dorsal teeth and the spacing of those on the rostrum, and by the posterior median margin of the telson not produced into a triangular tooth.
A new slipper lobster of the genus Galearctus Holthuis, 2002 (Decapoda, Scyllaridae) from Madagascar
Authors: Yang Chien-Hui , Chan Tin-Yam 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Comparison on the abundant material of Galearctus timidus (Holthuis, 1960) recently collected from the Philippines and Madagascar showed that there are differences in the development of carapace teeth, abdominal sculpture, pereiopods ornamentation and coloration between the specimens from these two localities. Molecular analysis also reveals high genetic divergence between the two forms. Since the type locality of G. timidus is from the Philippines, the Madagascan form is described as a new species.
The complete mitochondrial genome of the freshwater crab Longpotamon kenliense (Decapoda, Brachyura, Potamidae) with phylogenetic consideration
Authors: Wang Yi-Fan , Xu Shu-Xin , Zhu Chun-Chao , Jia Xin-Nan , Zhou Xian-Min , Zou Jie-Xin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The authors herein report for the first time the complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome of Longpotamon kenliense. The results showed that the mitochondrial genome of L. kenliense is 18,499 bp in length, shares 37 genes and 1 control region with the typical metazoan mitochondrial genome, and has a strong A + T bias (74.48%), i.e., a characteristic of the metazoan mitochondrial genome. In addition, the authors used the 13 protein-coding genes from the mitochondrial genomes of L. kenliense and 67 other species of Brachyura available from the NCBI to estimate divergence times. The divergence time of L. kenliense was 14.39 Ma, which is close to the divergence times of L. xiushuiense and L. yangtsekiense, but later than that of Sinopotamon yaanense. The results indicate that the genera Sinopotamon and Longpotamon are closely related and that the genus Sinopotamon has a longer history, which may have been caused by geological events.
Reading kephalaia: The Composition of Evagrius Ponticus’ Ad monachos Reconsidered
Authors: Johnsén Henrik Rydell 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
How Evagrius Ponticus (d. 399) composed his highly influential treatises of short and succinct chapters (kepahalaia) is bewildering and has been discussed by many scholars. In this essay the literary composition of Evagrius’ To monks in monasteries and communities, or Ad monachos, a typical text of short chapters, is examined from a literary perspective by relating the text to literary conventions, common in late antique literature and in rhetorical handbooks and exercises (progymnasmata). It is demonstrated how the teaching develops gradually in accordance with a pattern for a so-called amplified argument (epicheireme) codified in Pseudo-Hermogenes Progymnasmata. By this arrangement of the teaching, the reader is offered, not just a random taste of various aspects of the monastic life, but a set of specific conclusions to implement or to be aware of practically in the life as monk; conclusions that are perceptible not at just a cursory glance, but at a careful and repeated reading.
Madness, Pain, & Ikhtilāṭ al-ʿaql: Conceptualizing Ibn Abī Ṣādiq’s Medico-Philosophical Psychology
Authors: Hauter Ashwak Sam 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper brings both textual and ethnographic considerations to bear on Ibn
Abī Ṣādiq’s (d. 1068/470H) medico-philosophical
commentary on the Hippocratic Apho­risms. He considers
cases of madness and absence of pain in order to discuss the problem of
ikhtilāṭ al-ʿaql (mental derangement)
and its relation to the body, soul, and spirit. Focusing on
ikhtilāṭ offers a space to examine an
important configuration at the limit of the physical, the metaphysical, and
spiritual. Ultimately, a close reading of Ibn Abī
Ṣādiq’s commentaries moves toward a theoretical psychology
(a theory of the soul) and a medico-philosophical language of the subjective
experience of pain.
A Man Is Only as Good as His Words!?
Authors: Bauer Benedikt 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article provides a discussion of various types of thinking and reading Jesus’ gender exemplified by four thematic foci on church history and recent discourses on Christian religiosity within society (Muscular Christianity, Bridal Mysticism, Passion Piety, religious art/ art using religious topoi). In particular, this article applies a queer and intersectional reading on the topic of Jesus’ gender by toying with heteronormative stereotypes of a strictly gender-binary line of thought.
Feminist Women’s Attitudes towards Feminist Men in the Canadian Atheist Movement
Authors: Simmons Jonathan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Scholars of nonreligion and atheism have become increasingly interested in how the atheist movement reproduces gender inequalities. This growing research area is especially concerned with atheist activism’s contradictory embracing of gender egalitarianism on the one hand (especially when embedded in a critique of religion) and the exclusion of women from atheist spaces. Limited information is available on male atheists who identify as feminist or who express agreement with feminist goals. Although some scholars have addressed the rejection of feminist claims within organised nonreligion, this article examines both men’s adoption of the feminist label and women’s attitudes towards feminist men in the atheist movement. Drawing from thirty-five semi-structured interviews with atheist activists in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, I show that some feminist women perceived feminist men as passive or guided by insincere motivations (primarily to earn the attention and approval of women within atheist organisations). These findings shed light on the dilemmas of feminist men in atheist activism and contribute to understanding the gender dynamics of some atheist organisations.
#METOO
Authors: Nakashima Brock Rita , Brooks Thistlethwaite Susan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The #MeToo hashtag is a welcome contemporary addition to the long struggle to end sexual harassment against women. An American Academy of Religion (AAR) iteration of this struggle began at the first meeting of the Committee on the Status of Women in the Profession (SWP) in 1990. One of the issues the members considered was to create a sexual harassment policy for the AAR; it was the discussion of the sexual harassment policy at that first meeting that first unfolded the deep layers of harm that women of the academy had endured over the years.
India’s Sectoral Growth Patterns and US$ 5 Trillion Trajectory: An Empirical Investigation on Macroeconomic Impact of COVID-19
Authors: Soni Swapnil , Subrahmanya M. H. Bala 
Published: November 2020

The productive sectors—agriculture, industry and services—are pillars of growth and enablers to the dream of India’s US$ 5 trillion economic target. The collective growth and contribution of these productive sectors have exhibited dynamic patterns in the history of Indian economy attracting attention of researchers and policy makers. The investigation of the growth trajectory of these productive sectors aligning with US$ 5 trillion GDP objective becomes more important at the challenging time of unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent nation-wide lockdown in the economy. This study investigates the economy’s and sectoral growth trajectory considering the disruption caused by pandemic and answers the pertinent question: ‘Will India attain its dream of US$ 5 trillion economy, if yes, when and how?’ The results of empirical analyses reveal that India will join US$ 5 trillion club by 2027–2028, 3 years later than the original target of 2024–2025. This growth trajectory requires that the productive sectors be bolstered consistently by reforms and stimulus and thereby they exhibit recovery post-COVID-19. JEL Codes: A20, C01, C54, E20, O47
Self-stigma in patients with major depressive disorder: An exploratory study from India
Authors: Patra Bichitra Nanda , Patil Vaibhav , Balhara Yatan Pal Singh , Khandelwal Sudhir K 
Published: November 2020

Background: One of the barriers to effective care in patients with depression is stigma associated with having a mental disorder, which also acts as a barrier to recovery and increases the disability. Aims: To study the stigma and disabilities experienced by the patients with depressive disorders seeking treatment in a tertiary care hospital Methodology: Fifty patients diagnosed to have depressive disorder as per ICD-10 were recruited by convenient sampling. To measure the stigma, the Discrimination and Stigma Scale -12 was applied. The severity of depression was determined by applying Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD). The disability was calculated by using WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 Results: Fifty percentages of the participants reported unfair treatment and they experienced discrimination in at least one life domain. There was significant positive correlation between unfair treatment subscale of stigma and disability. Around one fourth of the participants reported to be treated unfairly by their own families. Seventy percent reported to have concealed their mental health problems, 54% have stopped themselves from having a close personal relationship and 32% didn’t apply for work in anticipating discrimination. Experienced and anticipated discrimination were significantly associated with concealing the mental health problem. Conclusion: Stigma due to having depression acts as a barrier to vocational & social integration and functional recovery. Concealment of the diagnosis of depression is itself barrier for help seeking and to receiving appropriate treatment. Small sample size and adopting the purposive sampling method are the limitations of the study.
Legal indeterminacy and authoritarianism: Notes on William Scheuerman’s The End of Law
Authors: Caldwell Peter 
Published: November 2020

Scheuerman’s book is one of the handful of significant attempts to rethink Schmitt’s work systematically over the past four decades. In so doing, he raises three key questions for me. First, is Schmitt’s work a sincere contribution to legal and political theory, or an attempt to argue for setting the rule of law aside for authoritarianism, that is, an instrumental critique of indeterminacy? Second, to what extent is Schmitt – critical of the ‘bourgeois’ rule of law, critical of globalization – really a thinker defending capitalism? Can he really be associated with the Ordoliberals (even if they adopted his arguments from 1931 to 1932 in their own writing of the time)? Third, to what extent were Schmitt’s early contributions to National Socialist law aimed at responding to legal indeterminacy, and to what extent did they in fact point towards a radicalism of German law within the Nazi system, especially insofar as they endorsed making decisions based on the principles of justice of the Nazi state – and potentially against the express language of statutes?
Constitutional Alchemy
Authors: Lazar Nomi Claire 
Published: November 2020

In ‘The End of Law’, Bill Scheuerman illustrates the ways normativity, context and decision interlace, putting the lie to Carl Schmitt’s claim that decision is pure will. In doing so, Scheuerman gestures toward a truth about the alchemical nature of constitutions. Like decisions, I argue, constitutions are alchemical mechanisms for actualizing norms and normativizing facts. They accomplish this in part through mediating between dynamic (individual and political) selves before and after the moment of decision or coming-into-force. Schmitt’s error – or perhaps his strategy – is to make static this dynamic process of political self-formation. Viewed as static, it is more difficult to discern the process of normativizing facts and concretizing norms. I show how contemporary populist authoritarians are particularly skilled at harnessing this strategy. Populist authoritarians often use constitutional change to consolidate not just power but constructed identity. They are able to do so because constitutions provide this strategy of dynamic identity formation, which, by generating new normative imperatives, in turn shores up legitimacy.
The effectiveness of early anticoagulant treatment in Covid-19 patients
Authors: Arslan Yakup , Yilmaz Gulden , Dogan Deniz , Hasirci Mine , Cetindogan Hatice , Ocal Nesrin , Savasci Umit , Fidan Gonca , Tasci Canturk 
Published: November 2020

Objectives Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is an emerging, fast-spreading and worldwide infectious disease that would be deteriorated with the precipitation of systemic or local thrombosis. The aim of current study was evaluating the effects of early anticoagulant treatment in hospitalized Covid-19 patients. Method The present retrospective and comparative cohort study investigated 413 hospitalized Covid-19 patients treated with or without Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) (n = 187 and 226, respectively) in the Covid Clinics of Gulhane Education and Research Hospital in Ankara, Turkey, between March 18 and May 03, 2020. The treatment groups were consisted of the patients evaluated before and after The Covid-19 Treatment Guide update on April 12, 2020 that included the anticoagulant treatment thereafter. Results The mean age of all 413 patients (204 male and 209 female) at disease onset was 50.6 ± 16.7 years. The LMWH-treated patients had significantly higher coagulation markers such as d-dimer and platelet count than LMWH-untreated patients (p values < 0.05). The inflammatory markers, ferritin, interleukin-6 and procalcitonin were significantly increased in LMWH-untreated patients (p values < 0.05). The presence of any comorbidity was significantly more common in LMWH-treated patients compared to LMWH-untreated group (39.6% vs 19.9%, respectively; p < 0.001). Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were the most frequent comorbidities in both groups. The number of intensive care unit (ICU) transfer and longer length of hospital stay were more commonly observed in LMWH-untreated patients (p values <0.05). Conclusions Early anticoagulant treatment with relatively higher doses of LMWH may improve the clinical outcome of Covid-19 patients and shorten the length of hospital stay.
Risk of nodal disease in patients with MRI-detected extramural vascular invasion in rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tripathi Pratik , Li Zhen , Shen Yaqi , Hu Xuemei , Hu Daoyu 
Published: November 2020

Background: The impact of magnetic resonance imaging–detected extramural vascular invasion (mrEMVI) in distant metastasis is well known but its correlation with prevalence of lymph node metastasis is less studied. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the prevalence of nodal disease in mrEMVI–positive and negative cases in rectal cancer. Methods: Following guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, a systematic literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and EMBase was carried out to identify relevant studies published up to May 2019. Results: Our literature search generated 10 studies (863 and 1212 mrEMVI–positive and negative patients, respectively). The two groups (mrEMVI–positive and negative) were significantly different in terms of nodal disease status (odds ratio [OR] 3.15; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.12–4.67; p < 0.001). The prevalence of nodal disease was 75.90% vs 52.56% in the positive mrEMVI vs negative mrEMVI group, respectively ( p < 0.001). The prevalence of positive lymph node in positive mrEMVI patients treated with neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT/CRT) (OR 2.47; 95% CI 1.65–3.69; p < 0.001) was less compared with the patients who underwent surgery alone (OR 6.25; 95% CI 3.74–10.44; p < 0.001). Conclusion: The probability of positive lymph nodes in cases of positive mrEMVI is distinctly greater compared with negative cases in rectal cancer. Positive mrEMVI indicates risk of nodal disease prevalence increased by threefold in rectal cancer.
A misdiagnosis of mesh extrusion treated as a psychiatric female pelvic pain
Authors: Illiano Ester , Mancini Vito , Trama Francesco , Maghlhàes Vasconcelos Larissa , Carrieri Giuseppe , Costantini Elisabetta 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Complications due to prosthetic surgery with mesh implantation may be misunderstood due to the insidious clinical presentation and inexperience of many surgeons if not adequately trained for the purpose. Case report: A 45-year-old female underwent a trans obturator tape procedure to correct severe stress urinary incontinence 3 months after surgery she developed urethral pain. The sling was partially removed, but the pain persisted. No residue sling was visualized by cystoscopies after surgery, and the pain was attributed to a psychiatric problem. She was treated with opioids, pregabalin without improvement of pain, until an extrusion of the sling into the urethra has been diagnosed by a careful urethrocystoscopy. Conclusion: It has been treated in our department by the removal of the residual sling, plus urethroplasty. The patient was followed up at 6 months with resolution of the painful symptoms.