bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Land and Literature in a Cosmopolitan Age
Authors: Pecora Vincent P. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Despite its growing cosmopolitanism, European culture after the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871 was no stranger to ancient beliefs in a natural, religiously sanctioned, and aesthetically pleasing relationship to the land. The classical Greek notion translates as “autochthony”—literally, birth from the soil, enabled by a god. The biblical account in Exodus gives the idea of a Promised Land, designed for a particular people by their god. Twentieth-century versions of the first theme culminate in the Nordic (and then Nazi) notion of a Volksgemeinschaft—a folk community—built on the supposedly intrinsic link between Blut und Boden, blood and soil. And the idea of a Promised Land has motivated rebellious English Puritans, colonizing Americans obsessed with their “manifest destiny,” Dutch Voortrekkers, and a wide array of liberation movements.The many resonances of these topoi form a more or less coherent whole, from the novels of George Eliot to the poetry of T. S. Eliot, from thinkers such as J. G. Fichte to the Austrian historian Otto Brunner and the Indian social psychologist Ashis Nandy, and throughout the long history of Western aesthetics, from Meister Eckhart to Alexander Baumgarten to Martin Heidegger. The supposed cosmopolitanism of the modern age often obscures a deep commitment to regional, nativist, nationalist, and civilizational attachments, including a justifying theological politics, much of which is still with us today. Untangling the meaning of the vital geographies of the modern age, including how they shaped our accounts of literature and representation, is the goal of this book.
George Eliot’s Spot of a Native Land
Authors: Pecora Vincent P. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
George Eliot reimagines what it means to belong to the land. In Adam Bede, Eliot explores both the importance of attachment to a rural life-world and the religious revival of Methodism. The too-earnest preacher of Adam Bede, Hetty Sorrell, is transformed into the too-earnest Daniel Deronda of Eliot’s last novel, Daniel Deronda. Here Eliot embraces the idea of a Promised Land for the diasporic Jews, with Daniel as a new Moses. But she also explores, in the novel’s competing plot lines, autochthonous attachments to the soil that emerge through blood continuities and long tenure on the soil. Eliot works out in parallel plots the moral deracination of Gwendolyn and the geographical deracination of Mirah. Daniel is the link between them. He has lived half his life as a spoiled, aimless English aristocrat, but then suddenly plans to live the second half as a migrating leader of his newly found people.
Epilogue
Authors: Pecora Vincent P. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The epilogue examines several ways of explaining our seemingly irreducible need for roots, for some sense that we authentically belong somewhere. The nostos of Joyce’s Ulysses famously recapitulates the nostos of Homer’s Odyssey. But is this millennial persistence of a sense of geographical belonging really, as we like to imagine today, at heart a product of local economic disruption that stimulates nostalgic fantasies? Franz de Waal describes the difference between the forms of belonging found in chimps and bonobos, one that determines how the different species define their social order. John Bowlby develops a theory of human psychological attachment that, perhaps, has ethological foundations in avian home-building. In his late interpretation of a poem by Friedrich Hölderlin, Martin Heidegger recapitulates the theme that dominates his later work: dwelling on the earth is a poetic act of place-making before it is an instrument of domination.
Duties to the Dead
Authors: Stemplowska Zofia 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Is it ever possible to mitigate any of the past injustice that was done to the living but who are no longer alive? Much has been written on what might be owed to the living on account of past injustices. Much less focus has been paid to the question of what might be owed at the bar of justice to the dead. This chapter advances an argument that does not rely on the possibility of posthumous benefit or harm. It argues that it is possible to mitigate some injustice done to those who are no longer alive. As a result, the living will sometimes have duties to the dead to mitigate some of the injustice they suffered while alive.
What Normative Facts Should Political Theory Be About?
Authors: List Christian , Laura Valentini 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Just as different sciences deal with different facts—say, physics versus biology—so we may ask a similar question about normative theories. Is normative political theory concerned with the same normative facts as moral theory or different ones? By developing an analogy with the sciences, this chapter argues that the normative facts of political theory belong to a higher—more coarse-grained—level than those of moral theory. The latter are multiply realizable by the former: competing facts at the moral level can underpin the same facts at the political one. Consequently, some questions that moral theories answer are indeterminate at the political level. This proposal offers a novel interpretation of John Rawls’s idea that, in public reasoning, we should abstract away from comprehensive moral doctrines. The chapter contrasts its distinction between facts at different levels with the distinction between admissible and inadmissible evidence, and discusses some implications for the practice of political theory.
American Literature and the Long Downturn
Authors: Sinykin Dan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
American Literature and the Long Downturn argues that the economic crisis of the 1970s established the conditions for a contemporary literary form: neoliberal apocalypse. Apocalyptic writing appears when groups perceive themselves as threatened and hope seems foreclosed. Focusing on James Baldwin, Cormac McCarthy, Leslie Marmon Silko, and David Foster Wallace, Neoliberal Apocalypse reveals how contemporary American experience has been shaped by the tendency to imagine our present as apocalyptic.
James Baldwin’s Apocalypse
Authors: Sinykin Dan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In the 1970s, critics asked, what happened to James Baldwin? In The Fire Next Time, Baldwin called for a moral revolution in which each American would radically transform and save America from racial warfare. A decade later, in No Name in the Street, Baldwin delivered an analysis of the failures of economic liberalism that heralded a generic shift in his literary career, transforming him from a prophet of the jeremiad—the nationalist holding out hope for American exceptionalism through individual reformation—to an apocalyptic visionary. The chapter shows how Baldwin’s apocalyptic turn—yet unregistered in the scholarship—emerged from a milieu of apocalypticism among black writers and artists in the mid- to late 1960s, including Amiri Baraka, Sun Ra, Ishmael Reed, and Malcolm X, all searching for an aesthetic form to solve a problem of political agency for black Americans in the wake of the civil rights movement.
White Rage, White Rapture
Authors: Sinykin Dan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The racial and sexual politics of the 1960s incited a sense of crisis among a subset of white Americans, whom Richard Nixon called his “silent majority.” The beginning of the long downturn limited the scope of governmental allocation at the same time that wages began to stagnate. Nixon encouraged his silent majority to see the racial other as a threat to white well-being in this new, economically constrained America. Two cultures of whiteness, and two apocalyptic discourses, emerged: white supremacy and Christian evangelicalism. Anxieties over globalization, finance capitalism, lost manufacturing, and rising wealth inequality become transfigured in these discourses into a wounded white masculinity that performs a violent recuperation of manliness.
Almost Magic
Authors: Sinykin Dan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
As a teenager growing up in the Minneapolis suburbs in the 1990s, I believed the economy was strong, that liberal democracy, after the Cold War, was the final governmental form, and that the future was a place of unlimited growth. But this self-congratulation obscured the persistence of the long downturn and capitalism’s structural limits. Finance was an engine for creating personal debt and harvesting profits from America’s debtors. Neoliberalism collapsed the citizen into the consumer. David Foster Wallace’s Infinite Jest satirizes this America. It reveals addiction as a general condition within the debt economy. In anticipation of collective self-destruction, it hopes to save its readers from the pains of addiction and loneliness, but proves incapable of resolving the tension between the personal (addiction) and the structural (the economy), and so, instead, spills out toward infinity.
Introduction
Authors: Cobham Alex , Janský Petr 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Global agreement in 2015 on the UN Sustainable Development Goals framework, to guide worldwide progress in the period to 2030, includes for the first time a target to reduce illicit financial flows (IFF). But without agreement on methodologies to measure the scale of IFF, it is not clear that global, regional or national efforts have any prospect of success. This book provides a critical survey of the leading methodologies and data for estimating illicit flows, with particular attention to tax-related IFF. This chapter lays out the structure of the book, and outlines the approach taken.
Policing the Coronavirus Outbreak: Processes and Prospects for Collective Disorder
Authors: Reicher Stephen , Stott Clifford 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This briefing is divided into three parts. First, we outline the factors which lead to incidents of collective disorder (or riots). Secondly, we consider how the overall response to the coronavirus outbreak and the role of the police within this response will impact the probability of such disorder. Thirdly, we apply these understandings to three specific scenarios of potential disorder.
Feasibility of manual white blood cell counts as a predictor of neonatal sepsis in a low-resource setting
Authors: Golding Christian N , Schaltz-Buchholzer Frederik , Sanca Lilica , Clipet-Jensen Clara , Benn Christine S , Au Nicholas , Chipperfield Kate , Kollmann Tobias R , Amenyogbe Nelly A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Manual white blood cell (WBC) differential counts as a predictor for neonatal sepsis development in a low-resource setting have not been thoroughly evaluated. We hypothesized that manual differentiation (specifically immature:total [I:T] neutrophil ratios) would be feasible and useful as an adjunct to predict early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS). Secondarily, we hypothesized that vaccination with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and oral polio vaccine (OPV) could alter WBC differential counts and thus might reduce its predictive performance.

Methods
We performed a prospective cohort study within a randomized trial, randomizing healthy, high-risk newborns admitted to the nursery at the national hospital in Guinea-Bissau 1:1 to BCG+OPV at admission or at discharge (usual practice). Thin capillary blood films were prepared at 2 d of age in a subset of 268 neonates. WBC counts were assessed by microscopy and neonates were followed up for sepsis development within 2 weeks.

Results
Ninety-eight percent (264/268) of smears provided interpretable reads. Of the 264 children, 136 had been randomized to receive BCG+OPV prior to sampling; the remaining 128 were vaccinated at discharge. The I:T ratio (average 0.017) was lower among children who did not develop clinical sepsis but did not predict sepsis (p=0.70). Only three children had an I:T ratio &gt;0.2 (associated with a higher probability of clinical sepsis in previous studies) but did not develop sepsis. Immunization did not alter WBC composition.

Conclusions
Manual WBC differentials are feasible in low-resource settings. WBC differentials are not affected by standard newborn immunization. However, the I:T ratio had no value in predicting subsequent development of sepsis.
New symbiotic association in marine annelids: ectoparasites of comb jellies
Authors: San Martín Guillermo , Álvarez-Campos Patricia , Kondo Yusuke , Núñez Jorge , Fernández-Álamo María Ana , Pleijel Fredrik , Goetz Freya E , Nygren Arne , Osborn Karen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA new genus of ectoparasitic marine annelids living on ctenophores, Ctenophoricola gen. nov., is described and its feeding behaviour, reproduction and developmental stages are discussed. Its unusual morphology challenged its placement within the known marine families. However, analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data showed the new genus as member of the Alciopini, a group of holopelagic annelids included within the Phyllodocidae. Ctenophoricola masanorii sp. nov. from Japan and Ctenophoricola rousei sp. nov. from the Canary Islands (Spain) are described. A third species from the Gulf of California is not formally described because the specimens are in poor condition. The new genus is characterized by having: 1) two distinctive body regions, the anterior with reduced parapodia lacking chaetae, and the posterior with long parapodia and chaetae and 2) a pair of large, elongate lensed eyes. These eyes are here described using histology and 3D reconstruction based on a Californian specimen. The two new species mainly differ in colour pattern, shape of parapodia, number of chaetae and body ciliation.
Lipid profile changes during the menopausal transition
Authors: Inaraja Veronica , Thuissard Israel , Andreu-Vazquez Cristina , Jodar Esteban 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objectives:
There is evidence that the menopausal transition in women is accompanied by changes in the metabolic profile. We evaluated the lipid profile during the perimenopause to postmenopause transition and its association with menopausal status.

Methods:
This is a retrospective observational study of laboratory studies from women presenting to the gynecology unit of Hospital Quirón Salud, Madrid (2007-2018) with irregular menstruation, amenorrhea or menopausal symptoms. Inclusion criteria were one or more blood samples with determinations of fasting glucose and lipids (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-c], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-c] and triglycerides [TGs]) from women with a menopause diagnosis recorded in the hospital database. The determinations were classified as perimenopausal or postmenopausal based on the date of last menstruation.

Results:
In total, 13,517 laboratory studies (3,073 perimenopausal and 10,444 postmenopausal) from 275 women were analyzed. Total cholesterol, LDL-c, and TG levels were significantly higher in postmenopausal women than in perimenopausal women, whereas HDL-c levels were significantly lower (P < 0.05 in all cases). Further adjustment by age showed differences only in LDL-c levels. Menopausal status, TG levels, and the number of pregnancies were independently related with total cholesterol and LDL-c levels. HDL-c levels were independently affected by menopausal age, TG levels, and number of pregnancies. Finally, TG concentration was independently affected by total cholesterol, LDL-c, and HDL-c levels.

Conclusion:
Our study suggests that significant changes in LDL-c levels occur during the menopausal transition. Total cholesterol and LDL-c changes are independently affected by menopausal status and HDL-c is influenced by menopausal age.
Analysis procedures for assessing recovery of high quality, complete, closed genomes from Nanopore long read metagenome sequencing
Authors: Arumugam Krithika , Bessarab Irina , Haryono Mindia A. S. , Liu Xianghui , Zuniga-Montanez Rogelio E. , Roy Samarpita , Qiu Guanglei , Drautz-Moses Daniela I. , Law Ying Yu , Wuertz Stefan , Lauro Federico M. , Huson Daniel H. , Williams Rohan B. H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNew long read sequencing technologies offer huge potential for effective recovery of complete, closed genomes from complex microbial communities. Using long read (MinION) obtained from an ensemble of activated sludge enrichment bioreactors, we 1) describe new methods for validating long read assembled genomes using their counterpart short read metagenome assembled genomes; 2) assess the influence of different correction procedures on genome quality and predicted gene quality and 3) contribute 21 new closed or complete genomes of community members, including several species known to play key functional roles in wastewater bioprocesses: specifically microbes known to exhibit the polyphosphate– and glycogen–accumulating organism phenotypes (namely Accumulibacter and Dechloromonas, and Micropruina and Defluviicoccus, respectively), and filamentous bacteria (Thiothrix) associated with the formation and stability of activated sludge flocs. Our findings further establish the feasibility of long read metagenome–assembled genome recovery, and demonstrate the utility of parallel sampling of moderately complex enrichments communities for recovery of genomes of key functional species relevant for the study of complex wastewater treatment bioprocesses.
Global shortfalls in extinction risk assessments for endemic flora
Authors: Gallagher R. V. , Allen S. , Rivers M. C. , Allen A. P. , Butt N. , Keith D. , Auld T. D. , Enquist B. J. , Wright I. J. , Possingham H. P. , Espinosa-Ruiz S. , Dimitrova N. , Mifsud J. C. O. , Adams V. M. 
Published: March 2020

SUMMARYThe Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC) ambitiously calls for an assessment of extinction risk for all recognised plant taxa by 20201. It is now clear that this target will not be met in the short-term; only 21-26% of known plant species have been assessed2– a monumental shortfall in anticipated knowledge. Yet the need for risk assessments has never been more urgent. Plants are rapidly going extinct3,4and face threats such as climate change5and permanent deforestation6. Extinction risk assessments continue to provide the critical foundation to inform protection, management and recovery of plant species7,8, the loss of which will have clear consequences for maintaining planetary systems and human well-being9. Here, we rank countries of the world based on progress towards assessing the extinction risk to their endemic flora. Overall, 67% of country-based endemic species do not have an extinction risk assessment completed (143,294 species). We show that some of the world’s wealthiest nations, which also have relatively strong species protections, are failing to protect their unique flora by not systematically assessing risks to their endemic species.
Highly sensitive and full-genome interrogation of SARS-CoV-2 using multiplexed PCR enrichment followed by next-generation sequencing
Authors: Li Chenyu , Debruyne David N. , Spencer Julia , Kapoor Vidushi , Liu Lily Y. , Zhou Bo , Pandey Utsav , Bootwalla Moiz , Ostrow Dejerianne , Maglinte Dennis T , Ruble David , Ryutov Alex , Shen Lishuang , Lee Lucie , Feigelman Rounak , Burdon Grayson , Liu Jeffrey , Oliva Alejandra , Borcherding Adam , Tan Hongdong , Urban Alexander E. , Gai Xiaowu , Bard Jennifer Dien , Liu Guoying , Liu Zhitong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMany detection methods have been used or reported for the diagnosis and/or surveillance of COVID-19. Among them, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the most commonly used because of its high sensitivity, typically claiming detection of about 5 copies of viruses. However, it has been reported that only 47-59% of the positive cases were identified by some RT-PCR methods, probably due to low viral load, timing of sampling, degradation of virus RNA in the sampling process, or possible mutations spanning the primer binding sites. Therefore, alternative and highly sensitive methods are imperative. With the goal of improving sensitivity and accommodating various application settings, we developed a multiplex-PCR-based method comprised of 343 pairs of specific primers, and demonstrated its efficiency to detect SARS-CoV-2 at low copy numbers. The assay produced clean characteristic target peaks of defined sizes, which allowed for direct identification of positives by electrophoresis. We further amplified the entire SARS-CoV-2 genome from 8 to half a million viral copies purified from 13 COVID-19 positive specimens, and detected mutations through next generation sequencing. Finally, we developed a multiplex-PCR-based metagenomic method in parallel, that required modest sequencing depth for uncovering SARS-CoV-2 mutational diversity and potentially novel or emerging isolates.
Differential responses of transplanted stem cells to the diseased environment unveiled by a single molecular NIR II cell tracker
Authors: Chen Hao , Yang Huaxiao , Zhang Chen , Chen Si , Zhao Xin , Zhu Mark , Wang Zhiming , Zhang Xun , Wang Yuebing , Wo Hung-Ta , Li Kai , Cheng Zhen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStem cell therapy holds high promises in regenerative medicine. The major challenge of clinical translation is to precisely and quantitatively evaluate thein vivocell distribution, migration, and engraftment, which cannot be easily achieved by current techniques. To address this issue, for the first time, we have developed a single molecular cell tracker with a strong fluorescence signal in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window (1000-1700 nm) for real-time monitoring ofin vivocell behaviors in both healthy and diseased animal models. The NIR-II tracker (CelTrac1000) has shown complete cell labeling with low cytotoxicity and profound long-term tracking ability for 30 days in high temporospatial resolution for semi-quantification of the biodistribution of primary mesenchymal stem cell and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells. Taking advantage of the unique merits of CelTrac1000, the responses of transplanted stem cells to different diseased environments have been discriminated and unveiled. Furthermore, we also demonstrate CelTrac1000 as a universal and effective technique for ultrafast real-time tracking of the cellular migration and distribution in a single cell cluster resolution, along with the lung contraction and heart beating. As such, this single molecular NIR-II tracker will shift the optical cell tracking into a single cell cluster and millisecond temporospatial resolution for better evaluating and understanding stem cell therapy, affording optimal doses and efficacy.Significance StatementFor the first time, we synthesized a NIR-II tracker (CelTrac1000) for ultrafast real-time tracking of the migration trajectory of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells in the circulatory system with a single cell cluster resolution. Taking advantage of the merits of CelTrac1000, the responses of transplanted stem cells to different diseased environments, including acute lung injury, myocardial infarction, and middle cerebral artery occlusion, have been discriminated and unveiled in mice models. As such, our approach can help correlate critical biomedical information in stem cell therapies, such as stem cell dosing and engraftment and their relationships with efficacy, providing more accurate therapeutic treatment and outcomes in certain diseases during a long evaluation period (>30 days) in comparison with the commercial Qtracker (7-10 days).