bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of an end‐of‐life gerontological nursing education programme on the attitudes and knowledge of clinical nurses: A non‐randomised controlled trial
Authors: Okumura‐Hiroshige Akemi , Fukahori Hiroki , Yoshioka Sachiko , Nishiyama Midori , Takamichi Kaori , Kuwata Miyoko 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimsTo evaluate how a structured interactive two‐day education programme for clinical nurses on end‐of‐life (EOL) care for older people affects nurses’ attitudes and knowledge.DesignNon‐randomised controlled trial.MethodsNurses were recruited separately for intervention and control groups. The intervention group assisted older patients with EOL care and recruited patients for the programme. To prevent sampling bias, control group nurses were recruited from a facility with numerous EOL care opportunities. The intervention was a two‐day educational programme. Using valid and reliable scales, we evaluated the attitudes (total score range: 26–130) and knowledge (total score range: 0–51) of the intervention group four times (pretraining, post‐training, 3 months, 6 months) and the control group three times (baseline, 3 months, 6 months) between January 2016 and April 2017. Analysis of covariance examined both groups’ score changes at 3 and 6 months while adjusting for confounding factors.ResultsParticipants were 338 nurses caring primarily for older people (intervention group: 164; control group: 174); 142 responded at all measurement points. The change in mean value of the attitude scale from baseline to 3 months (differences in the groups’ attitude scores = 7.33; 95% CI = 2.43–12.24; p = .004) and 6 months (differences in groups’ attitude scores = 5.77; 95% CI = 0.17–11.37; p = .044) was greater in the intervention group. Moreover, the mean knowledge scale score change from baseline to 3 months was greater in the intervention group (differences in groups’ knowledge scores = 5.74; 95% CI = 4.07 to 7.39; p < .001). There was no evidence of a change in this score between baseline and 6 months.ConclusionThe programme improved nurses’ medium‐ to long‐term attitudes and knowledge. Thus, it may help nurses enhance the quality of care they provide.Implications for practiceA two‐day educational program improves nurses’ medium‐ to long‐term attitudes and knowledge on end‐oflife care. For quality end‐of‐life care for older people, a structured and evidence‐based educational program should be provided to nursing staff.
Spatial and Temporal Bioactive Compound Contents and Chlorophyll Fluorescence of Kale (Brassica oleracea L.) Under UV‐B Exposure Near Harvest Time in Controlled Environments
Authors: Yoon Hyo In , Kim Damin , Son Jung Eek 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUV‐B irradiation has been used to enhance the secondary metabolite content in plants, but its spatial effect on plants has not been considered. The objective of this study was to compare spatial photosynthetic traits and bioactive compound accumulation in kale (Brassica oleracea L. var Acephala) according to the distribution and length of UV‐B exposure near harvest. Plants were exposed to UV‐B of 0–3, 3–6 and 6–9 W m−2 for 4 h per day at 5 days (Exp. 1) and 4.2 W m−2 at 5, 4, 3, 2 or 1 days (Exp. 2) before harvest. In spatial distribution, the higher the UV‐B intensity, the lower the mean Fv/Fm (maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII) and the higher the concentration of total flavonoid compound (TFC). With UV‐B stress, Fv/Fm and fluorescence transient parameters decreased except for DI0/CS (dissipated energy flux per cross section) and PIabs (performance index of PSII). When exposed to UV‐B radiation for 2 days before harvest, the total phenolic compounds and TFC per plant were highest, not always proportional to the local Fv/Fm but affected by dry weight. Short‐term UV‐B stress near harvest would be more efficient for the accumulation of bioactive compounds by minimizing the loss of plant weight.
Pretreatment of Root Canal with Photodynamic Therapy Facilitates Adhesion, Viability and Differentiation of Stem Cells of the Apical Papilla
Authors: Li Yijun , Ge Huan , Wu Lixuan , Lei Lishan , Wang Yanhuang , Jiang Shan , Cai Zhiyu , Huang Xiaojing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study was to test the hypothesis that root canal pretreated with photodynamic therapy (PDT) would promote stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP) adhesion, proliferation and differentiation without affecting smear layer removal and microhardness of root canal. Standardized root canals were randomized into four groups (n = 30/group): (1) sodium hypochlorite(NaOCl) group, (2) NaOCl + ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) group, (3) NaOCl + PDT group, (4) NaOCl + EDTA + PDT group. After treatments, smear layer removal and microhardness of root canal were evaluated. SCAP with hydroxyapatite‐based scaffolds were seeded into root canals for 7 days. SCAP adhesion was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and viable cells were calculated by CellTiter‐Glo Luminescent kit. Platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression of SCAP were evaluated by Quantitative Reverse Transcriptase‐Polymerase Chain Reaction. There was no significant difference in the smear layer removal and microhardness of root dentin between the groups with and without PDT treatment (P > 0.05). SCAP with elongated cytoplasmic processes and cell–cell contact were observed on the dentin surfaces treated with PDT. Elevated cell viability, PDGF and VEGF expression were found in root canal treated with PDT (P < 0.05). Under the experimental conditions, PDT could provide positive microenvironment for SCAP growth.
Asphyxia risk factors in adult psychiatric wards
Authors: Sugisawa Satoru , Nozue Shinji , Kurihara Tatsuya , Koya Hiroaki , Tsuneoka Toshiaki , Nagai Tsutomu , Kurata Naomi , Inamoto Atsuko , Takahashi Koji , Sasaki Tadanori 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeTo identify factors for choking in psychiatric wards that can be easily screened.Design and MethodsData were collected from patients admitted to the acute phase psychiatric wards who were assessed for swallowing function by dentists. We defined 47 and 102 patients of choking in the high‐ and low‐risk groups, respectively.FindingsThrough multivariate analysis, we identified basal metabolic index and two Drug‐induced Extra‐pyramidal Symptoms Scale items, bradykinesia and tremor, as independent choking factors.Practice ImplicationsChoking risk is related to patient tolerability rather than to the absolute severity of psychiatric symptoms or psychotropic dose.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Smith Robert 
Published: February 2020

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 8, Number 3Achara Jivacate, RATCH Group Public Company Limited, ThailandAkın Metli, Bilkent Erzurum Laboratory School (BELS), TurkeyAngela Lee, UNC Pembroke, USAGianpiero Greco, University of Study of Bari, ItalyHassan Shaaban, Atomic energy Authority, EgyptHenry D. Mason, Tshwane University of Technology, South AfricaJane Liang, California Department of Education, USAJohn Cowan, Edinburgh Napier University, UKJohn Mark Asio, Gordon College, PhilippinesKatya De Giovanni, University of Malta, MaltaMan-fung Lo, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong KongMassimiliano Barattucci, Ecampus University, ItalyMatt Varacallo, University of Kentucky, USAMelike Özüdoğru, Manisa Celal Bayar University, TurkeyMeral Seker, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, TurkeyMichael Baron, University of Melbourne, AustraliaOzgur Demirtas, Kayseri University, TurkeyRichard Penny, University of Washington Bothell, USASaadet Korucu Kis, Necmettin Erbakan University, TurkeySadia Batool, Preston University Islamabad, PakistanSandro Sehic, Oneida BOCES, USASayim Aktay, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, TurkeyThada Jantakoon, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, ThailandVeronica Velasco Gonzalez, University of Valladolid, SpainVjacheslav Ivanovich Babich, Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, UkraineYuxi Qiu, University of Florida, USA Robert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://jets.redfame.com
The Effects of Ecologically Valid Intervention Strategies on the Locomotor Skills of Children With Visual Impairments
Authors: Brian Ali , Bostick Laura , Starrett Angela , Klavina Aija , Taunton Miedema Sally , Pennell Adam , Stribing Alex , Gilbert Emily , Lieberman Lauren J. 
Published: February 2020

Children with visual impairments often exhibit difficulties with locomotor skills (e.g., the ability to move one’s body from one place to another), warranting the need for ecologically valid interventions with conditions that attempt to match the real world in a variety of settings. Parents and physical education teachers are the ones choosing to provide movement opportunities for children with visual impairments and must be included in any ecologically valid intervention strategy. This was a descriptive-analytic study. To support the greatest diversity in settings, the authors recruited 94 participants (blind = 44 and low vision = 50;Mage = 13.01 years,SD = 3.26) from schools for the deaf and blind in the United States (teacher led,n = 17) or Latvia (teacher led,n = 57), through an online LISTSERV throughout the United States (parent led,n = 10), and a control subgroup (n = 10). At the pretest, no participant’s motor development met age expectations. Children with visual impairments from multiple locations and cultures significantly improved compared with controls who did not. Results were most favorable when the physical educator was the interventionist. However, further research is needed to replicate these findings.
Exact Kerr-like solution and its shadow in a gravity model with spontaneous Lorentz symmetry breaking
Authors: Ding Chikun , Liu Changqing , Casana R. , Cavalcante A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe obtain an exact Kerr-like black hole solution by solving the corresponding gravitational field equations in Einstein-bumblebee gravity model where Lorentz symmetry is spontaneously broken once a vector field acquires a vacuum expectation value. Results are presented for the purely radial Lorentz symmetry breaking. In order to study the effects of this breaking, we consider the black hole shadow and find that the radial of the unstable spherical orbit on the equatorial plane$$r_c$$rcdecreases with the Lorentz breaking constant$$\ell >0$$ℓ>0, and increases with$$\ell <0$$ℓ<0. These shifts are similar to those of Einstein-aether black hole. The effect of the LV parameter on the black hole shadow is that it accelerates the appearance of shadow distortion, and could be detected by the new generation of gravitational antennas.
Materials-to-System Analysis for Grid-Based Electrochemical Energy Storage: Lithium-Polysulfide Hybrid Flow Battery
Authors: Ha Seungbum , Gallagher Kevin G. 
Published: February 2020

Energy storage systems are crucial for extensive deployment of renewable energy such as solar and wind systems and huge demand on the electrical grid to recharge electric vehicles. Scalable energy storage with low cost and high energy density will be a key to meet these challenges [1]. Lithium-polysulfide (Li-PS) flow batteries are of particular interest due to their scalability, high potential chemistries, and potentially low cost for grid storage applications [2].
Here we present a materials-to-system analysis of the Li-PS flow battery by using techno-economic model which combines electrochemical performance and cost calculation model to examine feasibility for grid storage application. In the system, lithium polysulfide in ether-based solvent and metallic lithium are used as the catholyte and anolyte, respectively [3]. The model examines the correlation between performance and cost as considering the physical property limitations of the system components, Figure 1. Additionally, the consequences on cost and energy density from change in system properties such as redox material concentration, potential, and specific capacity are assessed to probe design phase space for the requirements of an application.
Figure 1. Summary flow of the techno-economic model

Acknowledgments

This work was supported as part of the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, an Energy Innovation Hub funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences. The submitted abstract has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory (“Argonne”). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.

References

[1] G. Crabtree, J. Misewich, R. Ambrosio, K. Clay, P. DeMartini, R. James, M. Lauby, V. Mohta, J. Moura, P. Sauer, F. Slakey, J. Lieberman, H. Tai, Integrating Renewable Electricity on the Grid – A Report by the APS Panel on Public Affairs American Physical Society, Washington DC 2010.
[2] Yuan Yang, Guangyuan Zheng and Yi Cui, Energy Environ. Sci., 2013, 6, 1552-1558.
[3] Kevin G. Gallagher, Paul A. Nelson, Denis W. Dees, Journal of Power Sources 196 (2011) 2289–2297
Effects of Li-Ion Battery Pack Thermal Managementon Performance and Life
Authors: Shaffer Christian E , Kalupson James F , Sinha Puneet K , Wang Chao-Yang 
Published: February 2020

Lithium ion batteries have been widely adopted for hybridized vehicles such as the Chevy Volt and the Nissan Leaf. As the life of Li-ion batteries is strongly coupled to both the load profile and the thermal conditions, the ramifications of thermal management strategy of the battery pack life must be considered. This has been highlighted by several high profile events, for example surrounding reduced range and battery life in high temperature environments.
In this presentation, using commercial AutoLion™ software, we investigate the effects of various thermal management strategies and drive cycles on the life of automotive Li-ion battery packs. Figures 1 and 2 give two examples of capacity and power fade of a 16kWh PHEV battery pack undergoing a standard drive cycle in two different environments: Phoenix, AZ and Portland, ME. Using illustrative examples, we demonstrate how small changes in thermal management can lead to a significant change in the end-of-life performance of Li-ion battery packs.

Acknowledgements

Partial support of this work by the Korean Agency of Defense Development (ADD) is greatly acknowledged.

References

1. T.M. Bandhauer, J Electrochem Soc, 158, R1 (2011).
2. C. Y. Wang and V. Srinivasan, J Power Sources, 110, 364 (2002).
3. V. Srinivasan and C. Y. Wang, J Electrochem Soc, 150, A98 (2003).
4. J.Kalupson, G. Luo, and C.E. Shaffer, “AutoLion™: A Thermally Coupled Simulation Tool for Automotive Li-ion Batteries,” SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-1522, 2013, doi: 10.4271/2013-01-1522. SAE International World Congress and Exhibition, April 16, 2013, Detroit, MI
Cell- and Pack-Level Simulation of Large-Format Li-Ion Battery Safety Events
Authors: Kalupson James F , Wang Qing , Zhao Wei , Sinha Puneet K , Shaffer Christian E , Wang Chao-Yang 
Published: February 2020

Owing to their unsurpassed energy density, lithium ion batteries have been adopted for hybridized vehicles, such as the Chevy Volt and the Nissan Leaf, in the aerospace industry, and in stationary energy storage applications. However, as highlighted by several recent high profile safety events, significant challenges remain for the widespread adoption of Li-ion technology in automotive and aerospace applications. These documented safety incidents have been driven by both cell-level and pack level events, and as such, accurate simulation of safety events on both the cell and pack level is needed for fundamental understanding of the underlying physics and safety-conscious design. [1,2,3,4].
In this work, using commercially available AutoLion™ software, we demonstrate cell- and pack-level electrochemical/thermal coupled simulation of various types of safety events, including nail penetration, external short, and internal short. Figures 1 and 2 highlight two types of such safety simulations performed. Figure 1 gives the peak temperature of all four cells in a four-cell pack nail penetration; this simulation highlighting the hotter temperature of the interior cells during multi-cell short. Figure 2 illustrates the voltage and current response of an externally-shorted 25Ah L-ion ion cell. In our presentation, we elucidate on the physics of these shorts on both the cell- and pack-level, and demonstrate how simulation can be used to screen various cell and pack designs for safe implementation of safe Li-ion battery technologies.

Acknowledgements

Partial support of this work by DOE CAEBAT2 program is greatly acknowledged.

References

1. T.M. Bandhauer, J Electrochem Soc, 158, R1 (2011).
2. C. Y. Wang and V. Srinivasan, J Power Sources, 110, 364 (2002).
3. V. Srinivasan and C. Y. Wang, J Electrochem Soc, 150, A98 (2003).
4. J.Kalupson, G. Luo, and C.E. Shaffer, “AutoLion™: A Thermally Coupled Simulation Tool for Automotive Li-ion Batteries,” SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-1522, 2013, doi: 10.4271/2013-01-1522. SAE International World Congress and Exhibition, April 16, 2013, Detroit, MI
Understanding Solution Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Mg-Electrolytes for Rechargeable Mg Batteries
Authors: Liu Tianbiao , Li Guosheng , Shao Yuyan , Cheng Yingwen , Liu Jun 
Published: February 2020

Mg batteries with the inherent merits of Mg anode have attracted increasing attention as a promising high energy density battery technology. However, the lack of high performance Mg2+ electrolyte has been a primary technic hurdle to the development of practical Mg2+ batteries.1,2 The current popular methods in preparing Mg2+ electrolytes involve the use of nucleophilic Mg2+ sources, Grignard reagents or analogues (RMgCl, R= alkyl, aryl and amido etc.) and dialkyl (diaryl) magnesium (MgR2). But handling these reactive Mg2+ chemicals is not synthetically feasible, and their presence essentially limits oxidation stability and compatibility of the resulting electrolytes with electrophiles (such as high capacity sulfur cathode). Recently we reported a very simple approach to produce high performance Mg2+ conductive electrolytes, termed as “mono-Cl abstraction”, employing cheap and non-nucleophilic MgCl2 as the Mg2+ source and various Al Lewis acids (AlCl3, AlEtCl2 and AlPh3).3 In this presentation, we will discuss solution chemistry of the “mono-Cl abstraction” approach, which is fundamentally distinct from the reported methods using nucleophilic Mg2+ sources. For example, “mono-Cl abstraction” only involves a single Cl- transmetalation between MgCl2 and Lewis acid but both Cl- and R- transmetalation reactions take place between RMgCl and Lewis acid (see Scheme 1). In addition, electrochemistry of the MgCl2/Al Lewis acid electrolytes will be interpreted based on experimental data and compared to electrolytes reported by others. In meeting with desired electrolytes properties for practical rechargeable Mg-batteries, the presented discussions of electrolyte chemistry in together with new results from our group at PNNL are attempted to provide designing rationales for next generation of Mg2+electrolytes.
(1) Yoo, H. D.; Shterenberg, I.; Gofer, Y.; Gershinsky, G.; Pour, N.; Aurbach, D. Energy Environ. Sci.
2013, 6, 2265.
(2) Muldoon, J.; Bucur, C. B.; Oliver, A. G.; Sugimoto, T.; Matsui, M.; Kim, H. S.; Allred, G. D.; Zajicek, J.; Kotani, Y. Energy Environ. Sci.
2012, 5, 5941.
(3) Liu, T.; Li, G.; Shao, Y.; Liu, J. 224th ECS meeting, San Francisco (CA), October, 2013.

Acknowledgment

We thank Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for support of this research through the Lab Directed Research and Development Award. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy.
Identification of the Parameters in Equivalent Circuit Model of Lithium-Ion Battery
Authors: Chang Meng-Ting , Lin Yang-Shan , Chen Kuo-Ching 
Published: February 2020

Nowadays, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIB) have been commonly used in vehicles and mobile devices. A major environmental issue that concerns the use of lithium-ion battery is how to extend the life cycle of an aged or malfunctioned cell. One possible solution is to examine the response of the individual parts of an LIB and replace only those parts which fail to function well.
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is one of the most popular and convenient methods for battery examination, since it provides us with the general information about cell resistance. A typical impedance spectrum of the lithium-ion cell is composed of two partially overlapped semicircles and a straight line at low frequency end. However, these two semicircles, represented by the two RC circuits which correspond to SEI film and the combined effect of diffusivity, charge transfer, and double layer, are difficult to discriminate.
This study adopted a simple EIS model of LIBs, whose equivalent circuit is shown in Fig. 1 [1]. In this case, each component delineates and models its corresponding physics. We swept the cell over the frequency range from 10 kHz to 0.01 Hz at various states of charge (SOCs). According to the previous works [2, 3] and our proposed fitting procedure, we could precisely fit the experimental spectra by the EIS model, as shown in Fig. 2. The determination of the nine parameters in this model enables us to further simulate the discharge curve, as shown in Fig. 3, which proves to be compatible with that obtained from the experiment [4].
To separate two partially overlapped semicircles, it is necessary to find a method to distinguish Rct
from Rsei
. The charge transfer resistance Rct
can be determined from the expression i

0=RT/nFRct
, where the exchange current density i0
is evaluated by the electrochemical model simulation, and R and T respectively denote the gas constant and the Kelvin temperature. As soon as Rct
is achieved, the curve fitting of the impedance spectrum helps us to obtain the other eight parameters. Further study will be conducted to find the relation between the nine parameters and SOC from the impedance spectrum. This relation is useful for electrochemical model simulation of lithium-ion batteries in the future.