bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the mechanical characteristics of the lower extremity muscles
with myotonometric measurements in healthy individuals
Authors: Ramazanoğlu Engin , Usgu Serkan , Yakut Yavuz 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionThis study aimed to establish normative values for stiffness, tone, and elasticity of lower extremity muscles and
to determine age and sex differences.MethodsOverall, 389 participants (199 females, 190 males) were included. The mechanical properties of the tibialis anterior (TA),
rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis obliquus (VMO), gastrocnemius lateralis (GL), and gastrocnemius medialis (GM) muscles were assessed bilaterally with the MyotonPRO device. The data were compared with respect to sex and age.ResultsThe mechanical properties were significantly higher bilaterally in males than females in all parameters (<i>p</i> < 0.05).
Right TA stiffness and elasticity, GM tone and stiffness were higher than left in females (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Greater VMO elasticity and RF
tone were found in left vs. right (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Right GL-VL stiffness and elasticity were greater than left in males (<i>p</i> < 0.05). VMO-RF
tones were bigger in left compared with right (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Among age groups, right-left TA tone and stiffness were greater in
group 1 (18–28 years old) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Right-left VL-VMO tones, and left RF stiffness and tone were lower in group 2 (29–39 years
old) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Right GM-VMO stiffness, right-left TA-GL-GM-VMO and RF elasticity were greater in group 3 (40–50 years old)
compared with others (<i>p</i> < 0.05).ConclusionsThe mechanical properties of leg muscles were bilaterally higher in males. Different characteristics were observed of different muscles for both sexes. GL-GM-VMO-RF elasticity decreased, and TA stiffness and VMO tone increased with advancing age in both legs
Effect of maternal underweight on fetal outcome
Authors: Geraldin Monteiro , Anupama N , Kini Rekha D. , A. K. Nayanatara , Shetty Sneha , N. A. Vinodini , K. Bhagyalakshmi 
Published: December 2020

Introduction and Aim: Nutritional state of the mother before and during pregnancy is one of the important determinants along with factors like pre-pregnancy BMI, weight gain during pregnancy and gestational age which determines pregnancy outcome. Adequate gestational weight gain contributes for better pregnancy outcomes in both mother and infants for short- and long-term health.
Materials and Methods: This is an observational study conducted retrospectively over a year comprised 300 pregnant subjects in their second trimester. Incidence of anemia, preterm labour, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission were compared in women with various Body Mass index (BMI). Analysis of the data was done using SPSS version 13 using chi square test and p ? 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Out of 300 subjects, 79 developed anemia, among these 64(81%) were in the underweight category. 49 cases had a preterm delivery, out of these 49 cases, about 37(75.5%) belonged to the underweight BMI category. 39 cases delivered an intra-uterine growth retarded baby. Out of these 39 cases, about 25 (64.1%) belonged to the underweight BMI category. 56 neonates required intensive care unit (NICU) admission, of which 41 (73.2%) neonates born for underweight BMI mothers.
Conclusion: The high proportions of underweight pregnancies in this study reflects the poor nutritional status. Adverse effects of maternal low body mass index target the fetus. Adequate weight gain of pregnant woman is an extremely important factor for the fetal outcome.
EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN MEDIA FILM DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB Di TPQ SUNAN MURIA BENDO JABUNG MALANG
Authors: Evi Nurus Suroiyah  
Published: December 2020

Media Film merupakan media yang sangat menarik dalam proses belajar mengajar khususnya dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab. Akan tetapi banyak dari para guru sekarang, khususnya guru Bahasa Arab, belum mampu dan mengetahui apa yang harus dikerjakan dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab dengan menggunakan media film. Penulis memilih pembelajaran media film dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab di TPQ Sunan Muria Bendo Jabung Malang karena pada tingkatan ini pembelajaran bahasa Arab tidak begitu diperhatikan, sedangkan dalam pembelajaran dibutuhkan adanya daya tarik dari Pelajar sehingga tidak terkesan monoton. Dan alasan penulis memilih TPQ Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi cara pembelajaran Bahasa Arab dengan menggunakan media film dan efektivitas penggunaanya dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab di TPQ Sunan Muria Bendo Malang Jawa Timur. Hasil dari penelitian ini, peneliti menemukan bahwa pembelajaran bahasa arab menggunakan media film dilaksanakan dengan menyenangkan hal itu dibuktikan dengan respon Pelajar yang merasa senang ketika memakai media ini, sehingga pembelajaran bahasa Arab berjalan dengan efektiv dan menyenangkan.
Metrological characterization and calibration of thermographic cameras for quantitative temperature measurement
Authors: König Sebastian , Gutschwager Berndt , Taubert Richard Dieter , Hollandt Jörg 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. We present the metrological characterization and calibration of three different types of thermographic cameras for quantitative temperature
measurement traceable to the International Temperature Scale (ITS-90). Relevant technical specifications – i.e., the non-uniformity of the pixel-to-pixel responsivity, the inhomogeneity equivalent temperature difference (IETD), the noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD), and the size-of-source effect (SSE) – are determined according to the requirements given in the series of Technical Directives VDI/VDE 5585. The
measurements are performed with the camera calibration facility of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt. The data reference method is applied for the determination and improvement of the non-uniformity, leading to an improved IETD for all three cameras. Finally, the cameras are calibrated
according to the different procedures discussed in the VDI/VDE 5585 series. Results achieved with the different calibration procedures are compared
for each type of camera and among the three cameras. An uncertainty budget for the calibration of each camera is given according to GUM (ISO, 1995)
and VDI/VDE 5585.
Style of faulting of expected earthquakes in Italy as an input for seismic hazard modeling
Authors: Pondrelli Silvia , Visini Francesco , Rovida Andrea , D'Amico Vera , Pace Bruno , Meletti Carlo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The style of faulting and distributions of nodal planes are essential
input for probabilistic seismic hazard assessment. As part of a recent
elaboration of a new seismic hazard model for Italy, we defined criteria to
parameterize the styles of faulting of expected earthquake ruptures and to
evaluate their representativeness in an area-based seismicity model. Using
available seismic moment tensors for relevant seismic events (Mw≥4.5), first arrival focal mechanisms for less recent earthquakes, and also
geological data on past activated faults, we collected a database for the
last ∼100 years by gathering a thousand data points for
the Italian peninsula and regions around it. In this dataset, we adopted a
procedure that consists, in each seismic zone, of separating the available
seismic moment tensors into the three main tectonic styles, making a summation
within each group, identifying possible nodal plane(s), taking into account
the different percentages of styles of faulting, and including where
necessary total or partial (even in terms of tectonic style) random source
contributions. Referring to the area source model used, for several seismic
zones we obtained robust results; e.g., along the central and southern
Apennines we expect future earthquakes to be mostly extensional, although in
the outer part of the chain reverse and strike-slip events are possible. In
the northern part of the Apennines we expect different styles of faulting
for different hypocentral depths. In zones characterized by a low seismic
moment release, the possible style of faulting of future earthquakes is less
clear and it has been represented using different combinations of random
sources. The robustness of our results is confirmed when compared with
recent relevant earthquakes occurring in Italy.
Describing the Unspeakable: Psychedelic Communication Technologies and the Development of a Posthuman Language
Authors: Dueck Benjamin 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Over the last three decades, the renaissance of interdisciplinary research into psychedelic drugs has challenged the Cartesian notions of subjectivity and identity that have endured throughout modernity. But as work in this field reaches new degrees of complexity, the limitations of verbal and textual language are presenting barriers to conventional forms of scholarship. Across the disciplines, qualitative researchers mapping the subjective dimensions of the psychedelic experience, both in themselves and in others, must grapple with the ineffable nature of these transpersonal states of consciousness. To address these roadblocks, this paper introduces a new way of thinking about the neurological and phenomenological effects of the classic psychedelics DMT, LSD, and psilocybin. By interpreting neuroscientific research on these compounds using ideas from Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari’s Capitalism and Schizophrenia series, I argue that they can be understood not only as spiritual sacraments, psychoactive molecules, and healing medicines, but also as communication technologies that prime the human brain for higher-dimensional forms of language production. I begin by describing the effects that psychedelics have on normal human brain functioning, with an overview of contemporary neuroscientific research. Next, I introduce Deleuze and Guattari’s concepts of deterritorialization and stratification, which I argue can bring the subjective and empirical dimensions of the psychedelic experience together in a single descriptive framework. After a brief overview of contemporary psychedelic philosophy, I conclude by exploring how these molecules are playing a role in the development of multisensory (and posthuman) forms of language.
Non-Western Onto-epistemological Paradigm Shifts: Posthuman Feminist Discourse of the Pakistani TV Animation Series Burka Avenger (2013–2016)
Authors: Liaqat Qurratulaen , Mukhtar Asia 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
“Posthumanism” denotes an increasing focus on women, the environment, machines, and animal-centered discourses instead of male-dominated narratives. The posthuman feminist field of research is one of the many emergent thematic discourses of existent posthumanisms. Posthuman feminist notions have almost always been the subject of discussion in Western academia. However, we intend to analyze the posthuman feminist discourse of a Pakistani technically mediated female subjectivity, an animated female superheroine—Burka Avenger—in order to initiate discussion on non-Western posthuman feminism. By analyzing the historical genealogy of Pakistani feminist activism, we establish that Burka Avenger contributes to two major discourses of Pakistani feminist struggle, the right to education and veiling debates. Through our analysis of the animated female subjectivity presented in this series, we contend that the protagonist is a Pakistani posthuman feminist figure because she challenges the established mental habits of Pakistani feminist struggle and prefigures an onto-epistemological shift.
The Coming at Cockcrow: A Reading of Mark 13:32–37
Authors: Moberly R. W. L. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
I offer a reading of Jesus’s words to “stay awake” in Mark 13:32–37 that argues for both a literal and a metaphorical realization of Jesus’s words in the subsequent narrative of Mark 14, in a way that has enduring implications for Christian discipleship. This reading is set alongside other studies of Mark 13 and 14, and it is also compared with the historicizing reading of Adele Yarbro Collins so as to clarify the nature of theological interpretation.
Unmet Need for Modern Contraception among Urban and Ru-ral Women in Manipur- A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Dutta Gitashree , Lyngdoh Markordor , Akoijam Brogen Singh 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The concept of unmet need points to the gap between women's reproductive intentions and their contraceptive behaviour. Around 215 million women reproductive-aged women around the world have an unmet need for modern contraception. The present study is aimed to assess prevalence of the unmet need for family planning, its determinants, the reasons for the unmet need for family planning, and to suggest suitable measures to improve the utilization of contraceptive methods in urban and rural areas of Manipur.
Methods: This Cross-Sectional study was done among 357 women of reproductive age group in in urban area of Athokpam in Thoubal district and rural area of Bishnupur district of Manipur from Oct-Nov 2017. A pre tested, structured questionnaire was used. Data were entered in IBM SPSS Statistics.
Results: In the present study, 74.2% of the married women in urban area and 31.7% in rural area had unmet need for family planning. The unmet need observed in urban area was much higher than that of rural area.
Conclusion: Women whose husbands approved the use of contraceptive methods were having less unmet needs for family planning than women whose husbands disapproved in urban area which was statistically significant.
Determinantes socioculturales de la política alimentaria: voces de los beneficiarios del programa Comedores Comunitarios. Estudio realizado en la Ciudad de Culiacán Sinaloa México
Authors: Verdugo Araujo Luz Mercedes , Garza Leticia Cabello 
Published: December 2020

El propósito de este trabajo es dar a conocer parte de los resultados de una investigación sobre el proceso de implementación de una política social alimentaria a través de Comedores Comunitarios en atención a la inseguridad alimentaria en la ciudad de Culiacán, Sinaloa, México. El objetivo fue conocer los elementos socioculturales que determinan la eficiencia del programa social. El diseño de la investigación es descriptivo-interpretativo utilizando un enfoque cualitativo basado en un método hermenéutico-critico que recupera los discursos de 30 beneficiarios de 27 Comedores Comunitarios que operan el programa en la Ciudad de Culiacán, Sinaloa, México. Los hallazgos muestran que las representaciones del proyecto político significan para el beneficiario una opción de alimentación y crean un espacio de convivencia y descanso, los discursos muestran lo que viven y sienten respecto a la cotidianidad del comensal. Asimismo se visualiza la necesidad del conocimiento de las determinantes socioculturales de la alimentación para contribuir a transformar la realidad alimentaria, pues reconoce los factores estructurales de la inseguridad alimentaria, pero también las condicionantes en el seno de las prácticas sociales de las familias, ya que ambas son importantes a la hora de la toma de decisiones de la política alimentaria.
The purpose of this paper is to present some of the results of a research into the process of implementing of a social food policy through Community Kitchens in response to food insecurity in the city of Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico. The objective was to know the sociocultural factors that determine the efficiency of this social program. The research design is descriptive-interpretive using a qualitative approach based on a hermeneutic-critical method that recovers the discourses of 30 beneficiaries of 27 Community Kitchens who operate the program in the City of Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico. The findings show that the representations of the political project mean for the beneficiary a food option and create a space for conviviality and rest, the speeches show what they live and feel with regard to daily life of the diner. Likewise, the need for knowledge of the sociocultural determinants of food is visualized to contribute to transforming the food reality, since it recognizes the structural factors of food insecurity, but also the conditions within the social practices of families, meanwhile both are important when making food policy decisions.
Optimizing the amount of pig manure in the vermicomposting of spent mushroom (Lentinula) substrate
Authors: Shi Yajing , Wang Zhenyu , Wang Yurong 
Published: December 2020

Background
The mushroom industry produces a large amount of spent mushroom substrate (SMS), which requires a large geographical footprint and causes pollution.

Methods
We sought to optimize the C:N ratio of the initial feedstock used in vermicomposting of SMS by adding pig manure additions. We applied five treatments to the initial feedstock (S0, S1, S2, S3, and S4) with different C:N ratio of approximately 35, 30, 25, 20, and 15, respectively.

Results
Our results showed that lignin and cellulose in SMS were degraded after 56 days vermicomposting, especially in S2 (77.05% and 45.29%, respectively) and S3 (65.05% and 48.37%, respectively) treatments. We observed the degradation of the fibrous structure in SMS using pig manure treatments after vermicomposting by microscope and scanning electron microscope. Cellulase and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) were enhanced in pig manure treatments during vermicomposting, especially in the S2 and S3 treatments. The biomass of earthworms in the S2 treatments was at its highest level among all treatments at 28 to 56 days. The high level of PPO activity in the S2 treatment may protect cellulase and earthworms against the aromatic toxicity that is a byproduct of lignin degradation, particularly at 28 to 56 days of vermicomposting. Conclusively, it indicated that the C/N ratio of 25 in the S2 treatment was the optimal for SMS vermicomposting with the addition of pig manure. Our results provide a positive application for the recycling of both SMS and pig manure.
Antimicrobial Resistance Profile and Quinolone Resistance Genes in Staphylococcus aureus from Patients Attending Federal Medical Centre Keffi, Nigeria
Authors: Sunday E. A. , Ngwai Y. B. , Abimiku R. H. , Nkene I. H. , Ibrahim Y. , Envuladu E. Y. , Kigbu S. K. 
Published: December 2020

Aims: This study investigated the antimicrobial resistance profile and quinolone resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus from patients attending Federal Medical Centre, Keffi, Nigeria.
Methodology: A total of 240 clinical samples which comprised of high vaginal swabs, endocervical swabs, sputum, ear swabs, wound swabs, semen and eye swabs, were collected from the patients. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated and identified from these samples using standard microbiological method. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed and interpreted in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) method. Ciprofloxacin-resistant S. aureus were screened for quinolone resistance genes using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method.
Results: Out of 240 clinical samples, the prevalence of S. aureus was 21.3%. The prevalence in relation to clinical samples was higher in eye swab (45.5%) and ear swab (44.4%), but lower in sputum (14.5%). The isolates were more resistant to oxacillin (88.2%), sulphamethoxazole/ trimethoprim (82.4%) and erythromycin (76.5%), but less resistant to ciprofloxacin (19.6%) and levofloxacin (5.9%). The most common resistance phenotypes in the isolates were sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SXT) - clindamycin (DA) – ofloxacin (OX) - erythromycin (E) - rifampicin (RD) and SXT-DA-OX-E- streptomycin (S) -RD with an occurrence of (13.7%) each. The percentage occurrences of multidrug resistant and extensive-drug resistant isolates were 92.2% and 7.8% respectively. The occurrences of quinolone resistance genes in the ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates were: aac(6′)-Ib-cr (60.0%), gyrA and gyrB (50.0%), parC (40.0%), qnrB (20.0%) and qnrS (10.0%).
Conclusion: The isolates were less resistant to levofloxacin, cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin in the study location. Most of the ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates harbored quinolone resistance genes with aac(6′)-Ib-cr as the most common.
Assessment of Some Biochemical Changes in Wistar Rats Following Administration of Three Polyherbal Preparations Repurposed for COVID-19
Authors: Amagon Kennedy Iliya , Bukar Bukata Bayero , Kolawole Jacob Adegboyega , Falang Kakjing Dadul , Ajima Ukpe , Damen James Garba , Agabi Yusuf Amuda , Kutshik Richard Joseph , Longdet Ishaya Yohanna , Gomerep Simji Samuel , Shittu Ismaila , Davou Stephen Daniel , Wannang Noel Nen’man 
Published: December 2020

Background and Aims: The current pandemic known as Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is a significant public health menace. Currently, there is no specific treatment for this disease, although some medicinal agents are under investigation. Some published articles have reported Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) involvement in other organs, including the liver and kidneys, which can impair the metabolism and excretion of the medications taken to treat the disease. This study evaluated the effects of 3 herbal mixtures on some biochemical parameters of the liver and kidney of laboratory animals.
Methods: Liver enzymes such as serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, albumin and total serum protein were quantified. Urea, creatinine and bilirubin (total and direct) were also evaluated. These parameters were determined for all three polyherbal combinations (CoV Pla-1, CoV Pla-2, CoV Pla-3).
Results: The extracts did not produce any mortality up to 5000 mg/kg per oral. Results showed that the polyherbal extracts (CoV Pla-1, CoV Pla-2 CoV Pla-3) did not cause any significant changes in ALT, AST, ALP, compared to control. The mean values of urea showed an insignificant (P>0.05) decrease across all test doses in the three extracts, compared to the control. In the current study, the mean creatinine concentration showed slight decrease across all three extracts. Total protein was observed to be lower in CoV Pla-1 and CoV Pla-2, and increased in CoV Pla-3, though these changes were not statistically significant. Serum albumin decreased at the low and intermediate doses for the three polyherbal extracts in an insignificant manner compared to control.
Conclusion: The results obtained in this study indicate that the extracts did not cause significant changes in biochemical parameters evaluated and support their use in the treatment of Covid-19.