bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Time Motion Study Evaluating the Impact of Geographic Cohorting of Hospitalists
Authors: Kara Areeba , Flanagan Mindy E , Gruber Rachel , Lane Kathleen A , Bo Na , Kroenke Kurt , Weiner Michael 
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUNDGeographic cohorting (GCh) localizes hospitalists to a unit. Our objective was to compare the GCh and non‐GCh workday.METHODSIn an academic, Midwestern hospital we observed hospitalists in GCh and non‐GCh teams. Time in patient rooms was considered direct care; other locations were considered ‘indirect’ care. Geotracking identified time spent in each location and was obtained for 17 hospitalists. It was supplemented by in‐person observation of four GCh and four non‐GCh hospitalists for a workday each. Multilevel modeling was used to analyze associations between direct and indirect care time and team and workday characteristics.RESULTSGeotracking yielded 10,522 direct care episodes. GCh was associated with longer durations of patient visits while increasing patient loads were associated with shorter visits. GCh, increasing patient loads, and increasing numbers of units visited were associated with increased indirect care time. In‐person observations yielded 3,032 minutes of data. GCh hospitalists were observed spending 56% of the day in computer interactions vs non‐GCh hospitalists (39%; P < .005). The percentage of time spent multitasking was 18% for GCh and 14% for non‐GCh hospitalists (P > .05). Interruptions were pervasive, but the highest interruption rate of once every eight minutes in the afternoon was noted in the GCh group.CONCLUSIONGCh may have the potential to increase patient–hospitalist interactions but these gains may be attenuated if patient loads and the structure of cohorting are suboptimal. The hospitalist workday is cognitively intense. The interruptions noted may increase the time taken for time‐intensive tasks like electronic medical record interactions.
Fitting a Gamma Distribution using a Chi-squared Approach to the Heights of Students of Akwa Ibom State University, Nigeria
Authors: Tim Michae Itoro , Effiong Usoro Anthony , Nkereuwem Ikpang Ikpang , Udoudo George Ekemini , Ita Bassey David 
Published: November 2019

This paper fits a gamma probability model to the heights of Students of the Akwa Ibom State University. A sample of 998 Students was drawn from the Medical Centre of the Institutionâ€™s Main Campus, Ikot Akpaden, Akwa Ibom State. Some exploratory data analyses were carried out to observe the behavior of the data set graphically. A chi-square test is used to ascertain whether or not the heights of students are gamma distributed. From the graphical displays and the chi-squared test results, it is observed that the heights follow gamma distribution even though the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters are quite influential on the results at ð›¼ â‰¥ 0.01% significance level.Â Â
Teratogenic effects of imidacloprid in rats: mechanistic role of oxidative stress
Authors: Borai El-Borai Nermeen , Said Hadad Seham , Kamal Khalifa Hanem 
Published: November 2019

Extensive use of imidacloprid (IMI) insecticide in the agro-vet practices leads to continuous animal and human exposure. Exposure of pregnant dams to such insecticides results in fetal malformations. In the light of this, the present study was designed to investigate the teratogenic effects of two different doses of IMI and the possible mechanistic role of oxidative stress. Fifteen pregnant females were randomly divided into three equal groups and orally treated daily during organogenesis period (6-15th GD), control (distilled water), LD-IMI (45 mg/kg) and HD-IMI (90 mg/kg). All pregnant dams were exposed to caesarean section on GD 20. Exposure to IMI induced significant increase in the percentage of resorptions at high-dose with significant reduction of fetal and placental weights in a dose-dependent manner. External fetal morphological abnormalities were recorded only at high-dose while several visceral abnormalities were observed in fetuses at low- and high-doses. Significant increases in the percentages of fetal skeletal malformations were recorded only in the high-dose group. Significant changes in MDA, GSH levels and CAT activity with insignificant change in the level of H2O2 were recorded only in placentae of LD-IMI group. However, all these parameters recorded significant changes in serum of dams, placentae and liver of fetuses at high-dose. In conclusion, exposure of pregnant rats to IMI, particularly at higher-dose, during the period of organogenesis induced fetal teratogenic effects that may be related to its maternal and fetal oxidative damaging impacts.Â Â Â
Metformin and l-glutamine ameliorate pancreatic damage induced by chronic nicotine exposure in adult male albino rats
Authors: Abdel-Mohsen Abdel-Aziz Eman , Y. A. Hussein Asmaa , A Elnoury Heba 
Published: November 2019

Nicotine is a major addictive component of tobacco and cigarettes. It is believed to play a major role in the development of many diseases of pancreas including induction of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. This study was designed to assess the ameliorative effect of metformin & L-glutamine administered either individually or in combination on pancreatic damage induced by chronic exposure to nicotine. Fifty-six adult male albino rats were divided into 7 weight matched groups of 8 animals per each group and treated once daily for a period of 10 weeks according to the following protocol; group I (normal control): left without intervention ; they were allowed to free access to balanced diet & distilled water for the end of the experiment, group II (metformin treated group; Met): metformin was administrated to normal rats at a dose of (150 mg/kg /day /orally); group III (glutamine group ; LG): in which L-glutamine was given to normal rats at a dose of 500â€‰mg/kg by oral gavage); group IV (diseased non-treated group ;Nicotine) were injected subcutaneously with nicotine (1.5 mg/kg/day after day) to induce pancreatitis; group V (Nicotine +Met), VI (Nicotine +LG) &VII (Nicotine +Met + LG) were treated by (Nicotine +Met, Nicotine +LG & Nicotine +Met + LG respectively) by the same doses and routs described above. At the end of the experiment the following biochemical parameters were measured (fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin level, serum amylase and lipase level, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-Î±), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) & reduced glutathione; GSH) to investigate the protective effect of either or both drugs on pancreas. Additionally, histopathological evaluations of pancreatic tissues were assessed. The current study documented the damaging effect of nicotine on pancreas evidenced by significant increase of (blood glucose level due to decrease in plasma insulin level, serum lipase and amylase & TNF-Î± levels along with significant reduction of GSH in pancreatic tissue & heat shock protein -70. This was accompanied by histopathological alteration in pancreatic tissue. The previously mentioned parameters illustrate partial significant improvement in concomitant administration of individual or both metformin & L glutamine along with nicotine. In conclusion, co- supplementation of metformin and L glutamine documented to be anti-hyperglycemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory which can ameliorate the damaging effect of nicotine on pancreas. The combination use of both drugs produces more protective effect than each other alone.Â Â Â
Equilibrium and System Analysis in Economic Dynamics
Authors: Biondi Yuri 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Many economic theories rely on equilibrium. Notwithstanding its widespread framing role, the very notion of equilibrium shows epistemic and methodological limits when confronted with space, time, human behaviour and institutions. A systemic perspective may upgrade equilibrium by considering the featuring roles of economic organisation (entity), money and accounting in the economic process. This article tributes to Martin Shubik’s scholarship and friendship by providing a systemic perspective on his last co-authored book with Eric Smith.
Graphic and Numerical Evolution of a Bonus-Malus System via Markov Chain Models
Authors: BOUNNITE Mohamed Yasser , NASROALLAH Abdelaziz 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper describes an online solution for visualizing the simulation of a discrete time Markov chain using an animated graph. Based on the D3.js library, the development of this solution offers the user the choice between a presentation based on the concept of a probabilistic graph oriented and a presentation of the transitions in a matrix framework. As an application the solution helps to describe the dynamics of individual policyholders in a Bonus-Malus system of automobile insurance.
A case of syphilis with high bone arsenic concentration from early modern cemetery (Wroclaw, Poland)
Authors: Dabrowski Pawel , Kulus Michal Jerzy , Cieslik Agata , Domagala Zygmunt , Wiglusz Rafał J. , Kuropka Piotr , Kuryszko Jan , Thannhauser Agata , Szleszkowski Lukasz , Wojtulek Piotr Marian , Solinski Daniel , Dziegiel Piotr 
Published: November 2019

AbstractVenereal syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidum – Gram-negative, slowly growing bacteria. The spread of the disease in the Old World was due to increased birth rate, urban population growth, migration and lack of knowledge concerning the epidemiology. In the past, the treatment was mainly symptomatic and included application of mercury compounds. The goal of the study was to present the case of advanced venereal syphilis found in early modern (16th–18thc) graveyard localized in Wroclaw, Poland. The object of the study is a cranium of a male whose age at death has been estimated to be over 55. In order to observe the morphological and paleopathological characteristics of the examined material, anthropometrics, computed tomography, spectrometry and microscopic methods were incorporated. Microscopic analysis revealed the presence of the extensive inflammatory lesions. Analyses indicate tertiary stage of venereal syphilis as the most probable cause of the observed lesions. Concentration of arsenic (16.17±0.58 μg/g) in examined bone samples was about hundred times bigger than average arsenic concentration in bones reported in other studies. Advanced stage of observed lesions along with high arsenic level may suggest long-lasting palliative care and usage of arsenic compound in therapeutic treatment of this chronic disease.
Evaluation of Heavy Metals and Microbiological Contamination of Selected herbals from Palestine
Authors: Abualhasan Murad , Jaradat Nidal , Sawaftah Zahraa , Mohsen Hala , Najjar Dyala , Zareer Wahbi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundHerbal medicine is widely used for the prevention and treatment of diseases worldwide including Palestine and may require long term usage. The level of some heavy metals and microbial contaminants in some of these medicinal plants consumed by Palestinians were studied in order to evaluate their quality.MethodologyThe level of metals including: Zinc, Cadmium, Lead and Copper were quantified by Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Moreover, the bacterial and fungal contaminations were tested for some of the selected plants in Palestine. The procedures of microbial and elemental testing of the plants followed USP.ResultsThe result of the heavy metals testing showed that copper and cadmium were above the allowable limits in all the tested plants. Zinc metal was above the allowable limit in 78.9% of the tested samples. The microbiological results of the tested plants showed that 63.2% of the tested plants were contaminated by bacteria and 89.5% were contaminated by yeast.ConclusionsHerbal medicine used in the Palestinian markets doesn’t meet the international requirement for heavy metal and microbiological limits. Therefore, urgent action has to be taken by the responsible authorities including the Ministry of health to implement importation and registration requirements and perform regular quality checks of sold and imported herbal medicines. Pharmacists as expert professionals must take an active role in selling and advising consumers about the quality and efficacy of the sold plants.
How Much Does Basic Income Cost? Modelling Basic Income as Universal Life Annuity
Authors: Gan Wee Chung 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The cost of basic income is typically estimated for a particular year. However, to assess the financial feasibility of basic income, it is also important to consider how much basic income will cost in the future. This is especially important in countries experiencing an ageing population, where the proportion of workers is expected to shrink. This article considers basic income as a universal life annuity and develops two models based on actuarial concepts to estimate the flat tax rate required to finance basic income. The first model considers the cost of basic income over the lifetime of the current population and the second model additionally considers changing population dynamics. The proposed models are conceptually simple, providing a straightforward way to assess the financial feasibility of basic income. Using Singapore data, the models show that the monthly cut-off income separating net contributors and net recipients is around $2710 and benefits around 39 % of adult residents. A tax rate of around 22 % is required to support a basic income of $600.
Schizophrenia phenomenology comprises a bifactorial general severity and a single-group factor, which are differently associated with neurotoxic immune and immune-regulatory pathways
Authors: Maes Michael , Vojdani Aristo , Geffard Michel , Moreira Estefania G. , Barbosa Decio S. , Michelin Ana Paula , Semeão Laura de Oliveira , Sirivichayakul Sunee , Kanchanatawan Buranee 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn schizophrenia, a single latent trait underlies psychosis, hostility, excitation, mannerism, negative (PHEMN) symptoms, formal thought disorders (FTD) and psychomotor retardation (PMR). Schizophrenia is accompanied by a breakdown of gut and blood-brain-barrier (BBB) pathways, increased tryptophan catabolite (TRYCAT) levels, bacterial translocation, and lowered natural IgM and paraoxonase (PON)1 activity.The aim of this study was to examine the factor structure of schizophrenia symptom domains and the biomarker correlates of these factors.We recruited 80 patients with schizophrenia and 40 healthy subjects and assessed the IgA/IgM responses to paracellular/transcellular (PARA/TRANS) ratios, IgA responses to TRYCATs, natural IgM to malondialdehyde and Gram-negative bacteria, and PON1 enzymatic activity.Direct Hierarchical Exploratory Factor Analysis showed a bifactorial oblique model with a) a general factor which loaded highly on all symptom domains, named overall severity of schizophrenia (“OSOS”); and b) a single-group factor (SGF) loading on negative symptoms and PMR. We found that 40% of the variance in OSOS score was explained by IgA/IgM to PARA/TRANS ratio, male sex and education while 36.9% of the variance in SGF score was explained by IgA to PARA/TRANS, IgM to Gram-negative bacteria, female sex (positively associated) and IgM to MDA, and PON1 activity (negatively associated).Schizophrenia phenomenology comprises two biologically-validated dimensions, namely a general OSOS dimension and a single-group negative symptom dimension, which are associated with a breakdown of gut/BBB barriers, increased bacterial translocation and lowered protection against oxidation, inflammation and bacterial infections through lowered PON1 and natural IgM.
A more accurate prediction to rule in and rule out pre-eclampsia using the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio and NT-proBNP as biomarkers
Authors: Lafuente-Ganuza Paula , Lequerica-Fernandez Paloma , Carretero Francisco , Escudero Ana I. , Martinez-Morillo Eduardo , Sabria Enric , Herraiz Ignacio , Galindo Alberto , Lopez Ana , Martinez-Triguero Maria L. , Alvarez Francisco V. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
The management of potential pre-eclamptic patients using the soluble FMS-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1)/ placental growth factor (PlGF) ratio is characterised by frequent false-positive results.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted to identify and validate cut-off values, obtained using a machine learning model, for the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio and NT-proBNP that would be predictive of the absence or presence of early-onset pre-eclampsia (PE) in singleton pregnancies presenting at 24 to 33 + 6 weeks of gestation.

Results
For the development cohort, we defined two sFlt-1/PlGF ratio cut-off values of 23 and 45 to rule out and rule in early-onset PE at any time between 24 and 33 + 6 weeks of gestation. Using an sFlt-1/PlGF ratio cut-off value of 23, the negative predictive value (NPV) for the development of early-onset PE was 100% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 99.5–100). The positive predictive value (PPV) of an sFlt-1/PlGF ratio >45 for a diagnosis of early-onset PE was 49.5% (95% CI: 45.8–55.6). When an NT-proBNP value >174 was combined with an sFlt-1/PlGF ratio >45, the PPV was 86% (95% CI: 79.2–92.6). In the validation cohort, the negative and positive values were very similar to those found for the development cohort.

Conclusions
An sFlt-1/PlGF ratio <23 rules out early-onset PE between 24 and 33 + 6 weeks of gestation at any time, with an NPV of 100%. An sFlt-1/PlGF ratio >45 with an NT-proBNP value >174 significantly enhances the probability of developing early-onset PE.
Locally conformally Kähler structures on four-dimensional solvable Lie algebras
Authors: Angella Daniele , Origlia Marcos 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe classify and investigate locally conformally Kähler structures on four-dimensional solvable Lie algebras up to linear equivalence. As an application we can produce many examples in higher dimension, here including lcK structures on Oeljeklaus-Toma manifolds, and we also give a geometric interpretation of some of the 4-dimensional structures in our classification.
Influence of heat treatment on the corrosion properties of CuAlMn shape memory alloys
Authors: Vrsalović Ladislav , Ivanić Ivana , Kožuh Stjepan , Kosec Borut , Bizjak Milan , Kovač Janez , Gabor Urška , Gojić Mirko 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper reports on the influence of heat treatment on the corrosion properties of CuAlMn alloy in 0.1%, 0.9% and 1.5% NaCl solution (pH = 7.4). Heat treatment of alloy samples was performed by samples annealing at 900°C for 30 min. Electrochemical methods of investigations included measuring the open circuit potential (E
oc) and linear and potentiodynamic polarisation. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to study the morphology and composition of the corroded surfaces, along with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Heat-treated samples have slightly more positive values of E
oc, slightly lower values of corrosion current density and higher values of polarisation resistance compared with the as-cast alloy. The microscopic analysis showed the rough surfaces due to corrosion processes. Increasing the electrolyte concentration leads to an increase in alloy surface damage. AFM and SEM examinations showed that the surface was covered with interlaced layers of corrosion products, as well as cracks and ducts formed by their dissolution. EDX and XPS analyses showed that corrosive products consist mainly of aluminium and manganese oxides and chlorides. Annealed CuAlMn alloy samples have significantly lower copper content compared with the as-cast CuAlMn alloy.
3D-printed, home-made, UV-LED photoreactor as a simple and economic tool to perform photochemical reactions in high school laboratories
Authors: Rossi Sergio , Dozzi Maria Vittoria , Puglisi Alessandra , Pagani Michela 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the paper we present the simple manufacturing of an easy and economical UV-A photoreactor using a desktop 3D printer and its application in chemical transformations. PLA (polylactic acid) was used as inexpensive and not toxic polymer for the 3D printing process, while commercially available decorative ultraviolet LEDs (UV-A) have been employed as a light source. With this device, the photoreduction of benzophenone was performed in high yield and short times, compatible with the duration of a typical laboratory experiment in a high school program.
Black Public Art: On the Socially Engaged Work of Black Women Artist-Activists
Authors: Pena Mary 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Inaugurated at the Brooklyn Museum of New York in 2017, the path-breaking exhibition “We Wanted a Revolution: Black Radical Women, 1965-85,” centers the creative expressions and lived experiences of black women artists within a primarily white, middle-class, heteronormative mainstream feminist movement. Engaging visual mediums, artist-activists rendered a black feminist politics through cultural and aesthetic productions. In so doing, artists recast extant representations of black social life, demanded inclusion within cultural institutions, and created black-oriented spaces for artistic engagement. In the contemporary global political climate of anti-blackness, artists craft socially engaged practices that creatively intervene in public space and the cultural institutional landscape. Through a critical analysis of Carrie Mae Weems’ Operation: Activate, Simone Leigh’s The Waiting Room, and LaToya Ruby Frazier’s Flint is Family, this essay concerns recent interventions that mobilize an expansive approach to art combined with activism. The myriad practices of Weems, Leigh, and Frazier recompose sites of political engagement and empowerment that enact a broader praxis of reimagining social worlds. These projects belie the representational fixity on which art economies hinge, gesturing to material formations that elicit tactile modes of relation, and challenge the bounds of subjects and objects in the world.
Problems with collapsible soils: Particle types and inter-particle bonding
Authors: Smalley Ian , Ng’ambi Samson 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A collapsible soil is composed essentially of a packing of mineral particles and a set of interparticle bonds holding the system together. Failure requires the bond system to fail and the soil structure to collapse. A natural hazard is presented. The soil structure may collapse inwards (consolidate), as in loess failure, or it may collapse outwards (disperse, disintegrate), as in the failure of quick-clays, some collapsing sands, some silty estuarine deposits, and in wind erosion of silty soils by saltating sand grains. Generalising about bonding systems allows two types of interparticle bond to be recognized: long range bonds and short range bonds. Long range bonds are found in clay mineral systems and allow the occurrence of plasticity. They are represented by c in the standard Coulomb equation. Short range bonds are found in inactive particle systems. These are soil systems where the constituent particles do not have a significant electrical charge. A slight deformation of a short-range bonded system causes much loss of strength. It is short range bonds which tend to dominate in collapsing soil systems, although in the complex case of loess the bond failure is initially mediated by long range bonds at the interparticle contact regions. A collapse failure involves a large scale remaking of the soil structure, and thus total failure of the bonding system.
Generalising again- it can be claimed that five types of particle make up engineering soils: A active clay mineral particles (the smectites), B inactive clay mineral particles (e.g. kaolinite, illite), C very small inactive primary mineral particles (close to the comminution limit in size- mostly in the quick-clays), D silt (usually quartz silt), and E sand (usually quartz sand). The nature of type D particles contributes to the collapse of loess soils, the most widespread of the collapsing soil phenomena. The nature of type C particles controls the behaviour of quick-clays. C and D systems are essentially dominated by short-range bonds.