bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community Deprivation Index and Discharge Destination After Elective Hip Replacement
Authors: Mehta Bella , Goodman Susan , Ho Kaylee , Parks Michael , Ibrahim Said A. 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveTo examine how the deprivation level of the community in which one lives influences discharge disposition and the odds of 90‐day readmission after elective total hip arthroplasty (THA).MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study on 84,931 patients who underwent elective THA in the Pennsylvania Health Care Cost Containment Council database from 2012 to 2016. We used adjusted binary logistic regression models to test the association between community Area Deprivation Index (ADI) level and patient discharge destination as well as 90‐day readmission. We included an interaction term for community ADI level and patient race in our models to assess the simultaneous effect of both on the outcomes.ResultsAfter adjusting for patient‐ and facility‐level characteristics, we found that patients from high ADI level communities (most disadvantaged), compared to patients from low ADI level communities (least disadvantaged), were more likely to be discharged to an institution as opposed to home for postoperative care and rehabilitation (age <65 years adjusted odds ratio [ORadj] 1.47; age ≥65 years ORadj 1.31; both P < 0.001). The interaction effect of patient race and ADI level on discharge destination was statistically significant in those patients age ≥65 years, but not in patients age <65 years. The association with ADI level on 90‐day readmission was not statistically significant.ConclusionIn this statewide sample of patients who underwent elective THA, the level of deprivation of the community in which patients reside influences their discharge disposition, but not their odds of 90‐day readmission to an acute‐care facility.
Adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet and Hyperuricemia: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Gao Yun , Cui Liu‐fu , Sun Yuan‐yuan , Yang Wen‐hao , Wang Jie‐rui , Wu Shou‐ling , Gao Xiang 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveAlthough several individual nutrients/foods are associated with uric acid status, the association of overall diet quality with hyperuricemia remains unclear. The current study was undertaken to examine the association between adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and the odds of having hyperuricemia in a Chinese adult population.MethodsIncluded were 71,893 Chinese participants in the Kailuan I study and the Kailuan II study (mean age 51.4 years) who were free of gout prior to or in 2014. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and the DASH diet score was calculated based on consumptions of vegetables, fruit, dairy, beans, whole grains, meat, fat, sodium, and sugar‐sweetened beverages. Fasting blood samples were collected in 2014, and hyperuricemia was defined as serum uric acid concentrations of ≥7 mg/dl for men, and of ≥6 mg/dl for women. The association between DASH diet score and hyperuricemia was assessed using multiple logistic regression models, adjusting for age, sex, total energy, obesity, physical activity, education, smoking, alcohol drinking, blood pressure, fasting glucose, lipid profiles, renal function, and presence of cardiovascular disease.ResultsA High DASH diet score was associated with low odds of having hyperuricemia (adjusted odds ratio for quartile 4 versus quartile 1 0.70 [95% confidence interval 0.66, 0.75], P for trend < 0.001) after adjusting for potential confounders. The association between the DASH diet and hyperuricemia was more pronounced among older individuals (age ≥50 years), women, and physically inactive participants compared with their counterparts (P for interaction < 0.01 for all).ConclusionThe DASH diet was associated with a low likelihood of having hyperuricemia in Chinese adults.
Enhanced Quality of Wafer‐Scale MoS2 Films by a Capping Layer Annealing Process
Authors: Xu Xiangming , Zhang Chenhui , Hota Mrinal K. , Liu Zhixiong , Zhang Xixiang , Alshareef Husam N. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWafer‐scale, single‐crystalline 2D semiconductors without grain boundaries and defects are needed for developing reliable next‐generation integrated 2D electronics. Unfortunately, few literature reports exist on the growth of 2D semiconductors with single‐crystalline structure at the wafer scale. It is shown that direct sulfurization of as‐deposited epitaxial MoO2 films (especially, with thicknesses more than ≈5 nm) produces textured MoS2 films. This texture is inherited from the high density of defects present in the as‐prepared epitaxial MoO2 film. In order to eliminate the texture of the converted MoS2 films, a new capping layer annealing process (CLAP) is introduced to improve the crystalline quality of as‐deposited MoO2 films and minimize its defects. It is demonstrated that sulfurization of the CLAP‐treated MoO2 films leads to the formation of single‐crystalline MoS2 films, instead of textured films. It is shown that the single‐crystalline MoS2 films exhibit field‐effect mobility of 6.3 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is 15 times higher than that of textured MoS2. These results can be attributed to the smaller concentration of defects in the single‐crystalline films.
Bioinspired Artificial Tobacco Mosaic Virus with Combined Oncolytic Properties to Completely Destroy Multidrug‐Resistant Cancer
Authors: Wu Huayu , Zhong Dan , Zhang Zhijun , Li Yachao , Zhang Xiao , Li Yunkun , Zhang Zhuangzhuang , Xu Xianghui , Yang Jun , Gu Zhongwei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlthough biomimetic virus‐like strategies have been widely used in antitumor applications, construction of uniquely shaped virus‐like agents and optimization of their specific morphological features to achieve diverse antitumor functions are worthwhile pursuits. Here, a novel strategy to construct an artificial tobacco mosaic virus (ATMV) that closely mimics the structure of the rod‐like tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is developed. The supramolecular array is self‐assembled from small, repeated subunits of tailor‐made capsid‐mimicking dendrons onto RGD‐modified single‐walled carbon nanotube to construct the ATMVs with high structural stability. The ATMVs are tactfully designed with shielding, targeting, and arming approaches, including shielding the viruses against premature elimination, selectively targeting tumor tissue, and arming the viruses with oncolytic abilities. The elongated particles are concealed in blood until they arrived at a tumor site, then they induce robust composite oncolytic processes including cytomembrane penetration, endoplasmic reticulum disruption to cause Ca2+ release, chemotherapeutic delivery, and photothermal therapy. Excitingly, the ATMVs not only lyse primary infected cells, but permeate adjacent cells for secondary infection, spreading cell‐to‐cell and continuing to induce lysis even deep in solid tumors. This work inspires a uniquely shaped virus‐like agent with tactically optimized oncolytic functions that completely defeated large drug‐resistant colon tumor (LoVo/Adr, ≈500 mm3).
A Dual Protection System for Heterostructured 3D CNT/CoSe2/C as High Areal Capacity Anode for Sodium Storage
Authors: Yousaf Muhammad , Chen Yijun , Tabassum Hassina , Wang Zhipeng , Wang Yunsong , Abid Adeel Y. , Mahmood Asif , Mahmood Nasir , Guo Shaojun , Han Ray P. S. , Gao Peng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract3D electrode design is normally opted for multiple advantages, however, instability/detachment of active material causes the pulverization and degradation of the structure, and ultimately poor cyclic stability. Here, a dually protected, highly compressible, and freestanding anode is presented for sodium‐ion batteries, where 3D carbon nanotube (CNT) sponge is decorated with homogeneously dispersed CoSe2 nanoparticles (NPs) which are protected under carbon overcoat (CNT/CoSe2/C). The 3D CNT sponge delivers enough space for high mass loading while providing high mechanical strength and faster conduction pathway among the NPs. The outer amorphous carbon overcoat controls the formation of solid electrolyte interphase film by avoiding direct contact of CoSe2 with electrolyte, accommodates large volume changes, and ultimately enhances the overall conductivity of cell and assists in transmitting electron to an external circuit. Moreover, the hybrid can be densified up to 11‐fold without affecting its microstructure that results in ultrahigh areal mass loading of 17.4 mg cm−2 and an areal capacity of 7.03 mAh cm−2 along with a high gravimetric capacity of 531 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1. Thus, compact and smart devices can be realized by this new electrode design for heavy‐duty commercial applications.
Synthesis of Spiroguanidine Derivatives by Dearomative Oxidative Cyclization using Hypervalent Iodine Reagent
Authors: Odagi Minami , Okuda Kazuma , Ishizuka Hayate , Adachi Kanna , Nagasawa Kazuo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe have developed a versatile synthetic method for the construction of spirocyclic guanidines in moderate yields by intramolecular dearomative oxidative cyclization of guanidino phenols using the hypervalent iodine reagent 4‐chloro‐1‐(diacetoxyiodo)benzene in 2,2,3,3‐tetrafluoro‐1‐propanol.
Trends in forest fragment research in Madagascar: Documented responses by lemurs and other taxa
Authors: Kling Katherine J. , Yaeger Kimberley , Wright Patricia C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe rise in research investigating fragmentation and its impact on primates and other taxa reflects the growing presence of fragmented landscapes themselves. Although numerous studies report the negative effects of fragmentation on biodiversity, it is difficult to generalize responses to fragmentation for specific taxonomic groups, such as non‐human primates, when studies have not employed a definitive concept of fragmentation or fragments themselves. Madagascar's high degree of fragmentation, wealth of endemic taxa, and extensive history of ecological research provide the opportunity to compare fragmentation studies across similar contexts. We conducted a literature search of peer‐reviewed articles on fragmentation in Madagascar to characterize its trends. A total of 70 articles, 46 of which concentrated on lemurs, tested the impacts of fragmentation on Malagasy taxa, while additional sources conducted research in one or more fragments without testing its effects (n = 112 total, 79 on lemurs). Studies on lemurs most frequently tested fragmentation's impacts on genetics and biodiversity metrics (n = 16 and 15 studies, respectively), although health, modeling, behavioral, and cross‐disciplinary techniques were also reported. Responses to fragmentation were reported for 49 lemur species, with most studies concentrated in eastern Madagascar (87%). Although there was variation in the metrics reported in studies testing the effects of fragmentation on Malagasy species, the most common measures were fragment area, isolation, or comparison to a control site. Landscape‐scale approaches and examination of fragmentation per se were rarely employed. Characterizing trends of fragmentation research in Madagascar emphasizes the challenges of documenting fragmentation's effects while highlighting the benefits of research within fragmented landscapes, particularly when combined with consideration for how the matrix within human‐modified landscapes may impact primate populations.
Synthesis of Chiral Triarylmethanes Bearing All‐Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters: Catalytic Asymmetric Oxidative Cross‐Coupling of 2,2‐Diarylacetonitriles and (Hetero)arenes
Authors: Wang Zehua , Zhu Yasheng , Pan Xiaoguang , Wang Gang , Liu Lei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA direct and enantioselective oxidative cross‐coupling of racemic 2,2‐diarylacetonitriles with electron‐rich (hetero)arenes has been described, which allows for efficient construction of triarylmethanes bearing all‐carbon quaternary stereocenters with excellent chemo‐ and enantioselectivity. The reaction has an excellent functional group tolerance, and exhibits a broad scope with respect to both 2,2‐diarylacetonitrile and (hetero)arene components. The rich chemistry of the cyano group allows for facile synthesis of other valuable chiral triarylmethanes bearing all‐carbon quaternary centers that are otherwise difficult to access.
An Oxygen Sensation: Progress in Macromolecule Hydroxylation Triggered by the Elucidation of Cellular Oxygen Sensing
Authors: Loenarz Christoph 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine honours three scientists that devoted their careers to pursuing an audacious basic science question: by what mechanisms do animals sense oxygen, and how can cells adapt to a lack of oxygen? The identification of the human hypoxia inducible factor pathway has enabled new approaches for the therapy of related diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease, anaemia, and stroke. The intricate molecular details of oxygen sensing broadened interest in the family of iron‐ and 2‐oxoglutarate‐dependent oxygenases known from elaborate natural product chemistry, and catalysed major progress in macromolecule hydroxylation. The laureates’ work enables numerous avenues for molecular scientists, from C−H activation chemistry to PROTAC technology, medicinal chemistry, and epigenetics.
The protection effects of marine protected areas on exploited molluscs from an oceanic archipelago
Authors: Sousa Ricardo , Henriques Paulo , Vasconcelos Joana , Pinto Ana Rita , Delgado João , Riera Rodrigo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Limpets are one of the most successful intertidal algal grazers in the north‐eastern Atlantic. They provide valuable ecosystem services, playing a pivotal role in maintaining rocky shore ecological balance and have an important economic value, being subject to high levels of exploitation in several oceanic archipelagos. Limpets represent one of the most profitable economic activities of small‐scale fisheries in the Madeira archipelago. However, limpets are extremely vulnerable to anthropogenic impacts, such as overharvesting, habitat fragmentation, and pollution.
The protection effects and the effectiveness of marine protected areas (MPAs) on the population dynamics of two historically highly exploited limpet species, Patella aspera and Patella candei, were analysed through a comparative study of size, reproduction, and biomass in the Madeira archipelago.
The effects of protection from MPAs on limpet populations resulted in a differential increase on size at first maturity, shell size, and capture per unit effort according to the degree of protection.
Old and enforced MPAs showed the best‐preserved limpet populations in the study area, and both variables (age and enforcement) best explained the observed variability among the MPAs studied.
A thorough and multidisciplinary study is necessary to obtain a reliable picture of commercial stocks of the two targeted species (P. aspera and P. candei). Genetic analysis and studies on the food source of limpets may shed light to develop integrative conservation strategies.
RETRACTED: Resibufogenin inhibited colorectal cancer cell growth and tumorigenesis through triggering ferroptosis and ROS production mediated by GPX4 inactivation
Authors: Shen Lian‐Dong , Qi Wen‐Hai , Bai Jiang‐Jiang , Zuo Chun‐Yi , Bai Dong‐Lin , Gao Wei‐Dong , Zong Xin‐Ling , Hao Ting‐Ting , Ma Yan , Cao Guang‐Cai 
Published: January 2020

AbstractResibufogenin (RB) has been used for cancer treatment, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of RB treatment on colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, and to determine the underlying mechanisms. The cell counting kit‐8 assay was used to determine cell viability. Cell morphology was observed under light microscopy, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling assay was employed to detect cell apoptosis. Intracellular ferrous iron (Fe2+), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and reactive oxygen species levels were detected by using commercial iron assay kit, MDA assay kit, GSH assay kit, and 2,7‐dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate probes, respectively. The protein expressions were determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. RB inhibited cell viability in the CRC cell lines (HT29 and SW480) in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, and caused cytotoxicity to the normal colonic epithelial cell line (NCM460) at high dose. Similarly, RB induced morphological changes in CRC cells from normal to round shape, and promoted cell death. Of note, RB triggered oxidative stress and ferroptotic cell death in CRC cells, and only ferroptosis inhibitors (deferoxamine and ferrostatin‐1), instead of inhibitors for other types of cell death (apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis), reversed the inhibitory effects of RB on CRC cell proliferation. Furthermore, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) was inactivated by RB treatment, and overexpression of GPX4 alleviated RB‐induced oxidative cell death in CRC cells. Consistently, the in vivo experiments validated that RB also triggered oxidative stress, and inhibited CRC cells growth and tumorigenicity in mice models. RB can inhibit CRC cells growth and tumorigenesis by triggering ferroptotic cell death in a GPX4 inactivation‐dependent manner.
Recent advances in isatin hybrids as potential anticancer agents
Authors: Ding Zhen , Zhou Minfeng , Zeng Cheng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe isatin framework is a useful template for the development of novel anticancer agents. This is exemplified by the fact that several isatin‐based anticancer agents, such as semaxanib, sunitinib, nintedanib, and hesperadin, are already in use or under clinical trials for the treatment of diverse kinds of cancers. Isatin‐based hybrids could be obtained by incorporating other anticancer pharmacophores into the isatin skeleton and they have the potential to overcome drug resistance with reduced side effects. Thus, isatin‐based hybrids may provide attractive scaffolds for the development of novel anticancer agents. This review covers the recent advances of isatin‐based hybrids with anticancer activity, covering articles published between 2001 and 2019. The anticancer activities of these molecules and the structure–activity relationships are also discussed. The purpose of this review article is to set up the direction for the design and development of isatin‐based hybrids with high efficacy and low toxicity.
Effect of Therapy on Radiographic Progression in Axial Spondyloarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Karmacharya Paras , Duarte‐Garcia Ali , Dubreuil Maureen , Murad M. Hassan , Shahukhal Ravi , Shrestha Pragya , Myasoedova Elena , Crowson Cynthia S. , Wright Kerry , Davis John M. 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of therapies on radiographic progression in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (SpA).MethodsA comprehensive database search for studies assessing radiographic progression in axial SpA (particular treatment versus no treatment of interest) was performed. Study‐specific standardized mean differences in treatment outcomes at 2 and ≥4 years were estimated and combined using random‐effects models.ResultsTwenty‐four studies in patients with axial SpA were identified, of which 18 involved tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi), 8 involved nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and 1 involved secukinumab. Spinal radiographic progression, as measured by the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score (mSASSS), was not significantly different between TNFi‐treated and biologics‐naive patients at 2 years (mSASSS difference −0.73 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) −1.52, 0.12], I2 = 28%) and ≥4 years (mSASSS difference −2.03 [95% CI −4.63, 0.72], I2 = 63%). Sensitivity analyses restricted to studies with a low risk of bias showed a significant difference in spinal radiographic progression between TNFi‐treated and biologics‐naive patients at ≥4 years (mSASSS difference −2.17 [95% CI −4.19, −0.15]). No significant difference in spinal radiographic progression was observed between NSAID‐treated and control patients (mSASSS difference −0.30 [95% CI −2.62, 1.31], I2 = 71%) or between secukinumab‐treated and biologics‐naive patients (mSASSS difference −0.34 [95% CI −0.85, 0.17]). With regard to treatment differences in patients with nonradiographic axial SpA or in patients with radiographic progression measured using the sacroiliac joint score, an insufficient number of studies were available for analysis.ConclusionAlthough no significant protective effect of TNFi treatment on spinal radiographic progression was seen over the course of 2 years or ≥4 years in patients with axial SpA, our analysis restricted to studies with a low risk of bias showed a protective effect of TNFi after ≥4 years. Therefore, long‐term TNFi exposure might confer beneficial effects on spinal radiographic progression in axial SpA. No difference in radiographic progression at 2 years was seen in either the NSAID or secukinumab treatment groups compared to their controls. Future studies should explore the effects of biologic treatment on radiographic progression, as well as the effects of long‐term biologics exposure, in patients with early axial SpA or those with nonradiographic axial SpA.
A Study of Cu Doping Effects in P2‐Na0.75Mn0.6Fe0.2(CuxNi0.2‐x)O2 Layered Cathodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Yichao , Kim Sooran , Lu Jingyu , Feng Guangyuan , Li Xin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLayered sodium metal oxide cathodes have much broader choice of transition metal elements than the Li counterparts. A reversible Cu2+/3+ redox couple has recently been introduced in such Na cathodes. To study the role of Cu, here P2‐type layered Na0.75Mn0.6Fe0.2(CuxNi0.2‐x)O2 compounds have been designed, synthesized and investigated. It shows the high initial capacity of 206 mAh/g and good capacity retention. Reversible oxygen redox activity is observed in our experiments. Our DFT calculations suggest that Cu can stabilize the oxygen redox by modifying the electronic structure together with Fe at high voltages. In addition, the strong P′2 transition observed at low voltages is induced by Jahn‐Teller active Cu2+ with two competing effects of enhanced Na ion diffusivity and reduced electronic conductivity.
Construction of Hierarchical 2D PANI/Ni3S2 Nanosheet Arrays on Ni Foam for High‐Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Cheng Qiuhui , Yang Cui , Han Lei , Tao Kai 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this work, a hierarchical 2D polyaniline (PANI)/Ni3S2 nanosheet arrays on Ni foam (NF) with open network was successfully developed by the growth of Ni3S2 nanosheet arrays derived from 2D Ni−MOF templates followed by the electrodeposition of a layer of PANI nanoflakes. The as‐prepared PANI/Ni3S2/NF was served as self‐standing supercapacitor electrode. The optimized PANI/Ni3S2/NF‐100 electrode exhibits a high areal capacity of 1.56 mA h cm−2 (487.5 mA h g−1) at 5 mA cm−2 and good rate capability (57.7 % retention at 50 mA cm−2), which significantly outperforms individual PANI/NF or Ni3S2/NF. Furthermore, an asymmetric supercapacitor fabricated by PANI/Ni3S2/NF‐100 and activated carbon electrodes can deliver a high energy density of 48.3 W h kg−1 at a power density of 799.8 W kg−1 with outstanding durability (85.7 % retention of the initial capacity) during 15000 consecutive charge‐discharge cycles. The superior electrochemical performance of PANI/Ni3S2/NF‐100 is attributed to the unique hierarchical PANI/Ni3S2 nanosheet arrays structure. Firstly, the hierarchical open network facilitates the electrolyte ions transport. Secondly, the ultrathin 2D Ni3S2 nanosheets lead to abundant electroactive sites for the Faradaic process, and the conductive PANI layer builds superb highway for fast electron transfer. Thirdly, the free‐standing electrode enables fast redox reaction and low interfacial resistance. Finally, the synergetic effect of Ni3S2 and PANI also contributes to the enhanced capacity.