bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can introvoxel incoherent motion MRI be used to differentiate patients with placenta accreta spectrum disorders?
Authors: Lu Tao , Pu Hong , Li Kuide , Mei Jie , Huang Meng-wei , Wang Shao-yu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The incidence of PAS disorders increased rapidly in recent years, and introvoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI has been applied in the assessment of placenta. The study aims to investigate whether the parameters from IVIM can be used to differentiate patients with PAS disorders complicating placenta previa and secondly to differentiate different categories of PAS disorders. Methods The study participants were comprised of 99 patients with placenta previa, including 16 patients with placenta accreta, 51 patients with increta, 8 patients with percreta and 24 patients without PAS disorders between 28+0 and 39+6 weeks. IVIM MRI was performed on a 1.5T scanner. Perfusion fraction (f), pseudodiffusion coefficient (D*) and standard diffusion coefficient (D) were calculated. Results Women with PAS disorders had a higher perfusion fraction (p=0.019) than women without the disease. Multiple comparisons showed perfusion fraction in patients without PAS disorders was significantly lower than in patients with placenta accreta and percreta(P=0.018 and 0.033 respectively), but was not lower than in patients with increta(p=1). Conclusion Patients with placenta accreta and percreta differed in placental perfusion fraction from women with increta and without PAS disorders.
Effectiveness of root caries preventive and arresting agents in middle age and older adults: a systematic review
Authors: Castelo Raisa , ATTIK Nina , Gasqui Marie-Agnès , Catirse Alma , Pradelle-Plasse Nelly , Grosgogeat Brigitte 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Root caries among adults is a concern and requires special attention. This systematic review aimed to assess the findings on the effectiveness of different agents to treat root caries in middle age and older adults. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched systematically, following PRISMA guidelines. Clinical trials that evaluate the effectiveness of preventive and/or arresting agents for root caries in patients over 50 years old, published from 2011 to 2019 (June). This review has been registered at PROSPERO database (CRD42018104399). Results: Twelve of 277 studies fully encountered the inclusion criteria and were selected for this review. Eight agents were identified in the studies and their efficacy were assessed by different methods. The agents that presented valuable results on arresting or preventing root caries were 38% SDF, arginine-containing toothpaste and high-fluoride toothpastes. Conclusion: Based on the selected studies’ findings, annual applications of 38% SDF could be the most effective treatment for root caries in older adults. In addition, the daily use of a 1,5% arginine toothpaste or a high fluoride toothpastes could also be recommended. More research on root-caries-specific diagnose methods, especially at very early stages, are necessary.
Outcomes of HIV Exposed Infants and Predictors of Positivity after Option B+ Guideline Implementation in Amhara Regional State’s Referral Hospitals, Ethiopia
Authors: Kassaw Mesfin Wudu , Abebe Ayele Mamo , Tilaye Kenean Getaneh , Diress Gedefaw , Getu Mikiyas Amare , Zemariam Alemu Birara 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Elimination of MTCT of HIV was a global public health priority. In 2013, the World Health Organization recommended antiretroviral therapy administration to all HIV positive pregnant, and breastfeeding women regardless of CD4 cell count or clinical stage, which is called “Option B+”. Ethiopia have had a high rate of MTCT of HIV. The rate of transmission on breastfeeding mothers was 24% in 2012. But the rate had been increased to more than 30% in 2015.Objective: This study aimed to determine outcomes of HIV exposed infants, explore the contributors of mortality and loss to follow up, and identify factors of HIV transmission among infants born from HIV positive mothers in Amhara regional state referral hospitals, Ethiopia, 2018/19. Methods: The study was done in five Amhara regional state referral hospitals’ PMTCT departments. A simple random sampling technique with proportional allocation was used to assess the outcomes of 217 exposed infants. A retrospective quantitative cohort design and qualitative exploratory design were used in all referral hospitals of the Amhara region. The data were collected from each hospital exposed infant medical record, which was documented between January 01/2014 and May 30/2017 . An in-depth interview was also taken place from health professionals working in the PMTCT department, zonal HIV officers, and mothers who are enrolled in the PMTCT department. A cumulative incidence rate was used to present mortality, transmission, and loss to follow- up.Results: The incidence rate of HIV transmission at enrollment to PMTCT program in Amhara regional state referral hospitals was 2.3% (95% CI, 0.5-4.6%), and 3.7 (95% CI, 1.4-6.5) at the time of completing PMTCT program using antibody or DNA-PCR test. Whereas the incidence rate of LTFU in Amhara regional state referral hospitals was 8.8% (95% CI, 5.4-12.4%). But the rate of mortality after enrollment to the program was zero. The interviewees’ opinions on mortality, and loss to follow up were categorized into themes.Conclusions: Irrespective of the WHO guideline expected outcome of option B+, the outcome of the PMTCT program in this study was high, particularly HIV transmission and LTFU.
Internal ammonium excess induces ROS-mediated reaction and causes carbon scarcity in rice
Authors: Yang Shunying , Hao Dongli , Jin Man , Li Yi , Liu Zengtai , Huang Yanan , Chen Tianxiang , Su Yanhua 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Overuse of nitrogen fertilizers is often applied to satisfy strong nitrogen demand of high-yielding rice, leading to persistent NH 4 + excess in the plant. However, the mechanisms constraining the effectiveness of elevated plant NH 4 + in plant growth and grain yield of rice are not sufficiently addressed. In the current study, we attempt to real the nature or mode-of-action of such internal NH 4 + excess in rice, and the efficient coordination measure with current high N fertilizer cropping systems is investigated. Results: By mimicking a rapid accumulation of plant NH 4 + and an RNA-Seq analysis, the present work reveals that internal NH 4 + excess in rice plant initiates a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and triggers probably specifically the activation of glutathione transferase (GST)-mediated glutathione cycling for ROS cleavage. Meanwhile, the suppression of the expression of genes involved in photon caption and the activity of primary CO 2 fixation enzymes (Rubisco), provides implications of a reduction in photosynthetic carbon income. Along the progress of NH 4 + / ROS stresses, enhanced energy-producing processes (carbon breakdown) take place as indicated by strong induction of glycolysis related genes to meet the demand of energy consuming activation of ROS-cleavaging systems. The development of these defensive reactions causes a sugar scarcity in the plant that accumulatively leads to growth inhibition. To the opposite direction, a sucrose feeding treatment to the roots renders the accumulation of free NH 4 + and ROS, partly restores the activities of photosynthetic CO 2 fixation and thus alleviates the scarcity in active carbon source. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate the necessity of efficient carbon coordination, aiming at improving the nitrogen performances under current N fertilizer overuse circumstances.
Ischemic stroke with a preceding Trans ischemic attack(TIA) less than 24 hours: Predicting clinical risk factors for thrombolytic therapy
Authors: Poupore Nicolas , Strat Dan , Mackey Tristan , Snell Ashley , Nathaniel Thomas 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Acute ischemic stroke attack with and without a recent TIA within or less than 24 hours may differ in clinical risk factors, and this may affect treatment outcomes following thrombolytic therapy. We examined whether the odds of exclusion or inclusion for thrombolytic therapy are greater in ischemic stroke with TIA less than 24 hours preceding ischemic stroke(TIA-24hr-ischemic stroke patients) as compared to those without recent TIA or non-TIA <24 hours.Methods A retrospective hospital-based analysis was conducted on 6,315 ischemic stroke patients, of whom 846 had proven brain diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) of an antecedent TIA within 24 hours prior to ischemic stroke. The logistic regression model was developed to generate odds ratios (OR) to determine clinical factors that may increase the likelihood of exclusion or inclusion for thrombolytic therapy. The validity of the model was tested using a Hosmer-Lemeshow test, while the Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) was used to test the sensitivity of our model.Results In TIA-24hr-ischemic stroke population, patients with a history of alcohol abuse (OR = 5.525, 95% CI, 1.003-30.434, p = 0.05), migraine (OR=4.277, 95% CI, 1.095-16.703, p=0.037), and increasing NIHSS score (OR=1.156, 95% CI, 1.058-1.263, p = 0.001) were associated with the increasing odds of receiving rtPA, while older patients (OR = 0.965, 95% CI, 0.934‐0.997, P = 0.033) were associated with the increasing odds of not receiving rtPA.Conclusion In TIA-24hr-ischemic stroke patients, older patients with higher INR values are associated with increasing odds of exclusion from thrombolytic therapy. Our findings demonstrate clinical risks factors that can be targeted to improve the use and eligibility for rtPA in in TIA-24hr-ischemic stroke patients.
The impact of chronic diseases and primary care access on health status among elderly populations in rural China
Authors: Yang Yixing , zhang Tai , Huang Zhaoquan , Gao Dong , Guo Zhenyou , Shi Wuxiang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to examine the patterns of chronic conditions and the role of primary care access on health status among rural elderly.Methods 6451 elderly aged ≥ 60 years from 5540 households in 116 villages in western rural areas of China were randomly selected and assessed the their health status using the EQ-5D-3L instrument. EQ-5D descriptive system and visual analogue scale (VAS) score were descriptive analyses by patterns of chronic conditions. We identified the impact of multimorbidity and primary care access on health status using multilevel linear model.Results 55% of the pooled sample reported at least one chronic condition, and 30.2% had more than one. Hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis and chronic bronchitis were the most frequently reported conditions. After adjustment for sociodemographic status and patterns of chronic conditions, primary care access significantly associated with health status for the elderly in late life.Conclusion Primary care access and health services should take priority action for rural elderly, especially elderly with multimobidity in lower household income, living in mountainous areas where distance to township hospital is long.
Awareness, Attitudes and Practices of women related to breast cancer in Niamey and Zinder
Authors: Aissami Abdou , Hal Guido Van , Issimouha Dille 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: In Niger, breast cancer is the first cancer related morbidity and mortality within the female population. While Breast cancer awareness can contribute to early diagnosis and disease mortality reduction, Niger women’s knowledge of breast cancer is not well documented. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of women related to breast cancer and have a look on the factors associated this knowledge. Methods: The study was conducted thought a cross sectional survey in women population in Zinder and Niamey regions. A random sampling was used to select women in households within health districts. We defined a breast cancer knowledge score and used a generalized linear model to assess factors associated with breast cancer knowledge. Results: A total of 675 women were included in the survey. Average age of women was 39.2 years (38.2-40.2) and 48.4% (44.7-52.2) of them were not educated. Overall women’s knowledge of breast cancer is relatively low, only 41.2% (37.5-45.0) were aware of breast cancer. An area where women demonstrated an awareness was breast cancer symptoms knowledge with 65.0% (61.3-68.7). Insufficient level of knowledge was observed on knowledge of risk and protection factors with only 27.4 % (24.0-31.0) level of awareness and breast cancer good practice with 16.9% (14.2-19.7). Younger age OR=0.98 (0.96-0.99) practicing clinical breast examination OR=2.25 (1.31–3.16), breastfeeding 3.34 (2.12-5.26), not having a history of participation to breast cancer 0.53 (0.34-0.82) and living in rural and peri-urban areas 0.34 (0.20–0.44) were factors related to awareness of breast cancer. Conclusion: Niger women had overall low level of breast cancer awareness. While they were not acquainted with breast self-examination and clinical breast examination, their knowledge of breast cancer symptoms was acceptable. Clinical breast examination, area of residence, age, breastfeeding and history of participation to breast cancer screening were found to be associated with breast cancer knowledge. Awareness programs can promote clinical breast examination as mammography is not common and target older women. Focus should be given to awareness of breast cancer risk factors and promoting early detection procedures.
Assessment of a Fusion Polyprotein Based on HspX and Other Eight Antigen Segments for Tuberculosis Serodiagnosis
Authors: Zhou Fangbin , Xu Xindong , Cui Xiaobing , Pan Weiqing 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: The lack of suitable diagnostic tools has paved the cornerstone for controlling and treatment of tuberculosis. Serological tests, based on multiple target antigens, represent an attractive option for its rapidity, convenience, and low-cost. Methods: Measures, including blocking antibodies against common bacteria in serum samples and synthesizing polypeptides covering un-conserved dominant B-cell epitopes of antigens, were attempted to reduce nonspecific reactions and thus improved the specificity. Meanwhile, a fusion polyprotein containing HspX and other eight antigen segments was constructed and expressed to increase the whole sensitivity. Results: The addition of only E. coli lysate partly increased the specificities. Another, peptides containing un-conserved fragments of TB antigens as well as dominant B-cell epitopes were synthesized and used to effectively reduce non-specific reactions without dramatically decreasing their sensitivities. Meanwhile, a polyprotein fusing HspX and other eight antigen segments was constructed and the sensitivity of the polyprotein was 60.2%, which was higher that of HspX and other individual antigen segments. Importantly, the specificity of the polyprotein was 93.6%, which was not significantly decreased. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate the roles of fusion polyproteins in the humoral immunity against TB infection and provide a potential novel approach for TB diagnostic development.
Lymphedema Rehabilitation: Provision and Practice Patterns among Service Providers: National Survey
Authors: Omar Mohammed Taher Ahmed , Al-Dhwayan Nouf , FM Rehab , Armer Jane M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Information on the current practices and quantification of lymphedema service may be beneficial to promote and improve health care system. Therefore, this study aimed to describe characteristics of lymphedema practitioners, and lymphedema patients’ profile, and provide a comprehensive picture of lymphedema service provision in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study involved use of an online survey. The survey questionnaires included information about demographic and professional characteristics of lymphedema practitioners, lymphedema profile, questions on the services provided, and perceived barriers in providing a service. Results: Eighteen lymphedema practitioners (37.50%) responded to the survey. They worked in the major cities: Riyadh (78%), Jeddah (17%), and Dammam (5%), and most of them working in public hospitals (67%). Respondents typically had a background in physical or occupational therapy and had completed a basic training course on lymphedema treatment and management. About 75% of patients seen by practitioners had secondary lymphedema, 47% with breast cancer-related lymphedema. On average 72%, practitioners provide a “comprehensive” lymphedema services. The average number of lymphedema practitioners per service is 2.67. The perceived barriers reported included an inadequate number of certified therapists (100%), difficulties with transportation and lack of financial support (each =72%), and limited space for lymphedema practice/management (89%). Conclusion: The results suggest that lymphedema practitioners provide a reasonable, but not the optimal, services for lymphedema patients. The service provision is still limited and inequities. Therefore, more staffing is required to promote awareness of the condition and related services, improve referral and care coordination, and enhancing geographical and multidisciplinary coordination of the service.
Longitudinal observation of OCT imaging is a valuable tool to monitor primary vitreoretinal lymphoma treated with intravitreal injections of methotrexate
Authors: Zhao Huiying , Wang Xiaona , Mao Yu , Peng Xiaoyan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Developing objective and repeatable indicators to evaluate the efficacy of PVRL treatment is important. The quantification of vitreous cells is a traditional criterion; however slight changes are difficult to ascertain. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is objective, repeatable, and easily explained. The purpose of this study is to provide a longitudinal observation of OCT in PVRL treated with intravitreal injections of methotrexate (MTX) and to evaluate the utility of OCT in monitoring responsiveness of PVRL to treatment. Methods: The medical records of patients with biopsy-positive PVRL attending our hospital between January 2016 and September 2017 who received intravitreal injections of MTX were included in this study. Pre- and post-treatment OCT images were reviewed independently by two researchers. Results: Of the 24 cases reviewed, 10 patients (18 eyes) were included. SD-OCT abnormalities at the initial visit included vitreous cells (18/18), OR (outer retina) fuzzy borders (12/18), PED (pigment epithelium detachments) (9/18), subretinal hyperreflective infiltration (3/18), intraretinal infiltration (8/18), and SRF (subretinal fluid) (4/18). Post induction treatment, SRF in cases with RD (retinal detachment) was absorbed, and subretinal fibrosis appeared. Other lesions were significantly reduced. Post consolidation treatment, OR fuzzy borders, PED and SRF disappeared in 2 eyes, intraretinal infiltration disappeared in 1 eye, and other abnormalities further improved. Additionally, retinal fibrosis was observed in 3 eyes. One month post maintenance treatment, all abnormalities observed at the first visit vanished. At the last visit, OCT showed subretinal fibrosis and in 3 eyes (16.7%), the disruption of outer retina in 9 eyes (50%) and thinning of the whole layer in 4 eyes (22.2%). Conclusions: Our observations reveal that characteristic OCT features in PVRL patients can reduce gradually and finally vanish with therapy. We propose that SD-OCT may be employed to monitor the responsiveness of PVRL to treatment, which may influence decision making in the management of this disease.
Las huellas del conflicto armado en la salud mental colectiva
Authors: Jojoa Tobar Elisa , Bonilla Muñoz Jesús Andrés , López Guerrero Nory Estefanía , Muñoz Oviedo Aura Milena 
Published: November 2019

En el marco del proceso de implementación del Modelo Integral de Atención en Salud – MIAS, es necesario reconocer y comprender el impacto que el conflicto armado ha ejercido sobre la salud mental, especialmente en los territorios más afectados. Este articulo parte de la investigación denominada “Salud mental colectiva: impactos en población afectada por conflicto armado. Caldono, Cauca. 2017” y aporta elementos para el desarrollo de intervenciones de Promoción de la Salud Mental Colectiva, considerando que para ello la paz, la justicia social, las condiciones de vivienda aceptables, la educación y el empleo (OMS, 2004) son requisitos indispensables, de tal manera que la identificación y descripción de las afectaciones que ha generado el conflicto armado sobre la relación familia-comunidad-territorio en el Municipio de Caldono, Cauca, se constituyen en insumos para el desarrollo de intervenciones en un escenario de posconflicto. El objetivo fue reconocer el impacto que el conflicto armado ha generado en la salud mental colectiva de la comunidad indígena y campesina del municipio de Caldono desde la relación familia-comunidad-territorio. Esta investigación cualitativa fenomenológica, utilizó para la recolección de información la observación y entrevistas a profundidad con informantes claves. La información obtenida se organizó de acuerdo a las dimensiones de la estructura social y cultural propuestas en la teoría del Sol Naciente de Madeleine Leininger, identificando que la comunidad de Caldono, por sus experiencias con el conflicto armado presenta una afectación en la salud mental colectiva evidenciada por heridas invisibles de la guerra; logrando en la recolección de información reconocer diferentes problemáticas que afectan la comunidad y el territorio, entre ellas el sufrimiento humano, la estigmatización social y territorial y la desesperanza, entre otros. Así mismo, emergen entorno a los eventos traumáticos otras experiencias que han contribuido a fortalecer sus procesos colectivos de organización, solidaridad y resistencia, como estrategias para la conservación de la vida y del derecho a habitar en sus territorios.

Palabras claves: Salud Mental Colectiva, conflicto armado, impacto, familia, comunidad y territorio.
MiR-22-3p Regulates Amyloid β Deposit in Mice Model of Alzheimer's Disease by Targeting Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase 14
Authors: Ji Qiling , Wang Xuemei , Cai Jianxin , Du Xiangnan , Sun Hui , Zhang Nan 
Published: November 2019

Propose:To investigate whether miR-22-3p is able to regulate AD development and its molecular mechanism.Methods:Morris water maze test was performed to test the spatial memory. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to assess the expression level of miR-22-3p. The enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assess the levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42. Immunoblotting analysis was performed to detect the protein expression levels of amyloid precursor protein (APP), mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14) and beta-site Amyloid precursor protein Cleaving Enzyme 1 (BACE1). Luciferase assay was used to identify the interaction between miR- 22-3p and MAPK14. The tetrazolium dye (MTT) colorimetric assay was used to test the influence of miR-22-3p overexpression on cell viability. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of miR-22-3p overexpression on cell apoptosis.Results:Morris water maze test showed that mice model of AD had impaired spatial memory, which was able to be ameliorated by miR-22-3p overexpression. Immunoblotting analysis revealed that the protein expression levels of APP, MAPK14 and BACE1 were enhanced in AD model, which could be prevented by miR-22-3p overexpression. ELISA showed that Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels were dramatically increased in AD model, which were inhibited by miR-22-3p overexpression. Luciferase assay and immunoblotting analysis indicated that miR-22-3p targeted and regulated MAPK14 expression.Conclusion:MiR-22-3p overexpression reduced Aβ deposit and alleviated AD symptoms by targeting and regulating MAPK14 expression, which ameliorated AD symptoms.