bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Running for a Nation: The Remarkable Story of Ellison “Tarzan” Brown
Authors: Scott III Mack H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOn 20 April 1936, the Narragansett runner Ellison “Tarzan” Brown collapsed as he crossed the finish line winning the fortieth annual Boston Marathon. But for the runner and the indigenous community from which he hailed, the marathon meant much more than a race and victory and fame. Success in this renowned contest portended a pathway out of obscurity for a people who had, for more than fifty years, sought to proclaim the continuance of their collective indigenous identity in the wake of a forced detribalization by the state of Rhode Island. This article illuminates what Brown’s victory meant to and did for a small and mostly forgotten indigenous community. More specifically, it is about how Brown and other Narragansett parlayed the runner’s physical accomplishments into meaningful, community-wide social, economic, and political advancements.
“This Book Is Your Book”: Jesuit Editorial Policy and Individual Indigenous Reading in Eighteenth-Century Paraguay
Authors: Boidin Capucine , Cerno Leonardo , Vega Fabián R. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The authors underline the importance of the print Ara poru aguĭyey haba (meaning about the good use of time) for the Jesuit missions of Paraguay and the colonial Río de la Plata. Attributed to Father José Insaurralde, it is a two-volume devotional text entirely written in Guaraní that was published in Madrid in 1759 and 1760. Until now, literature has only approached the Ara poru in a superficial and external way, because it is written in a different way from the current ones. The unpublished translation of the summary and two preliminary warnings to readers reveal that it follows the structure of Ignacio de Loyola’s Spiritual Exercises. The authors of this article demonstrate that by the mid-eighteenth century, the Jesuit project was to produce an indigenous reader and devotee in the modern sense (individual reading and personal transformation).
The Sixteenth-Century Zinacantepec Census: Between Ethnohistory and Historical Demography
Authors: Megged Amos 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhile earlier census studies yielded population data mainly for the Tepetlaoztoc and Morelos regions of central Mexico during the 1530s and 1540s, this ethnohistoric study, based on a newly discovered manuscript, sheds light on household types and population density in the town of Zinacantepec by 1574. By comparing population figures, household types, and migration patterns, this article reconsiders how Aztec invasion, and thereafter the Spanish conquest, affected population movements and stability in the Valley of Toluca, a former Aztec stronghold in central Mexico. Furthermore, the nature of Toluca Valley habitats may prompt us to rethink about how we interpret the nature of indigenous demographic layouts before and after the Spanish conquest, whether its features be urban or rural.
The Late Masterwork of Gilles Deleuze
Authors: Schönher Mathias 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis essay proposes that What Is Philosophy? (1991), written in collaboration with Félix Guattari, not only presents a summary of Gilles Deleuze’s late creative period and, to some extent, a recapitulation of his entire oeuvre but also constitutes his third masterwork. The essay begins by tracing Deleuze’s three periods, especially the development of his thought during the last period, and the process of writing his final book. Then it explores the inextricable connection between the method of creation that results from What Is Philosophy? and its stylistic devices. Through its refined composition and succinct prose, the book puts itself at the service of the approach that leads to bringing forth philosophical concepts, and it attunes the reader to the creative activity. Thus, like The Logic of Sense (1969) and A Thousand Plateaus (1980), it forms a masterwork in which Deleuze’s philosophical efforts that spanned a whole period are condensed and mobilized such that while reading one finds oneself exposed to these efforts and is forced to continue them.
I Assure You, We Have the Strictest Alien Act Possible!
Authors: Villadsen Kaspar 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This essay tells the story of how Denmark transformed from a very welcoming and tolerant country to one whose prime ministers reassure its residents, “We have the strictest Alien Act possible.” The approach is genealogical, following Michel Foucault, and the empirical focal point is Danish immigration policies as they evolved from the late 1960s until today. This development culminates in the emergence of the “restrictionist policy paradigm,” which associates immigrants with risks like economic burdens, high unemployment levels, crimes, undemocratic attitudes, and the development of ghettos. From the perspective of the welfare project, the immigrants became “risky” as they were profiled in terms of their higher probability of developing suboptimal or dysfunctional behaviors that endanger the welfare state. The Danish experience is analyzed from a broader thesis on the welfare state as caught up between welfarist universality, industrial-capitalist expansion, and sovereign territoriality. Drawing on Foucault’s work, these different logics of statehood are analyzed as evolving constellations of law, discipline, and security. Danish immigration policy mutates over time so that policies of security premised on free circulation gradually give way to discipline and legal sovereignty that block, filter, and segregate immigrants. Alongside this movement toward territorial enclosure, the discursive construction of the immigrant changes fundamentally.
How affinity of the ELT-2 GATA factor binding to cis-acting regulatory sites controls Caenorhabditis elegans intestinal gene transcription
Authors: Lancaster Brett R. , McGhee James D. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
We define a quantitative relationship between the affinity with which the intestine-specific GATA factor ELT-2 binds to cis-acting regulatory motifs and the resulting transcription of asp-1, a target gene representative of genes involved in Caenorhabditis elegans intestine differentiation. By establishing an experimental system that allows unknown parameters (e.g. the influence of chromatin) to effectively cancel out, we show that levels of asp-1 transcripts increase monotonically with increasing binding affinity of ELT-2 to variant promoter TGATAA sites. The shape of the response curve reveals that the product of the unbound ELT-2 concentration in vivo [i.e. (ELT-2free) or ELT-2 ‘activity’] and the largest ELT-XXTGATAAXX association constant (Kmax) lies between five and ten. We suggest that this (unitless) product [Kmax×(ELT-2free) or the equivalent product for any other transcription factor] provides an important quantitative descriptor of transcription-factor/regulatory-motif interaction in development, evolution and genetic disease. A more complicated model than simple binding affinity is necessary to explain the fact that ELT-2 appears to discriminate in vivo against equal-affinity binding sites that contain AGATAA instead of TGATAA.
Learning from Cochrane systematic reviews: what improvements do these suggest for the design of trials?
Authors: Pirosca Stefania , Clarke Mike , Treweek Shaun 
Published: June 2020

Background: Many randomised trials have serious methodological flaws that fatally undermine their results, which makes the research wasteful. This is of concern for many, including those doing systematic reviews that include trials. Cochrane systematic reviews have a section called ‘ Implications for research’, which allows authors of the review to present their conclusions on how future research might be improved. Looking at these conclusions might highlight priority areas for improvement. Methods: We focused on the Cochrane Schizophrenia Review Group and the Multiple sclerosis and rare diseases of the central nervous system Review Group (the MS Review Group). Reviews with citation dates between 2009 and 2019 were identified and the recommendations of review authors in ‘ Implications for research’ were put into categories. Results: Between 2009 and 2019 we identified 162 reviews for the Schizophrenia Review Group and 43 reviews for the MS Review Group. We created 22 categories of recommendations in total, of which 12 were common to both groups. The five most used categories were the same for both: better choice of outcomes; better choice of intervention/comparator; longer follow-up; larger sample size; use of validated scales. Better choice of outcomes and/or intervention/comparator was recommended in over 50% of reviews. Longer follow-up and larger sample size were recommended in over a third, with use of validated scales being suggested in around a fifth of reviews. There was no obvious pattern of improvement over time for trials included in systematic reviews published by both groups. Conclusions: We suggest that trialists working in these and other areas ask themselves, or are compelled to do so by others (e.g. funders), why they have chosen their outcomes, intervention and comparator, whether follow-up is long enough, if the sample size is big enough and whether the scales they choose to measure their outcomes are appropriate.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-harm and suicidal behaviour: protocol for a living systematic review
Authors: John Ann , Eyles Emily , McGuinness Luke A. , Okolie Chukwudi , Olorisade Babatunde K. , Schmidt Lena , Webb Roger T. , Arensman Ella , Hawton Keith , Kapur Nav , Moran Paul , O'Connor Rory C. , O’Neill Siobhan , Gunnell David , Higgins Julian P.T. 
Published: June 2020

Background:The COVID-19 pandemic has caused widespread morbidity and mortality as well as disruption to people’s lives and livelihoods around the world; this has occurred as a result of both infection with the virus itself and the health protection measures taken to curb its spread. There are concerns that rates of suicide, suicidal behaviours and self-harm may rise during and in the aftermath of the pandemic. Given the likely rapidly expanding research evidence base on the pandemic’s impact on rates of suicide, suicidal behaviours and self-harm and emerging evidence about how best to mitigate such effects, it is important that the best available knowledge is made readily available to policymakers, public health specialists and clinicians as soon as is possible. To facilitate this, we plan to undertake a living systematic review focusing on suicide prevention in relation to COVID-19.Method:Regular automated searches will feed into a web-based screening system which will also host the data extraction form for included articles. Our eligibility criteria are wide and include aspects of incidence and prevalence of suicidal behaviour, effects of exposures and effects of interventions in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic, with minimal restrictions on the types of study design to be included. The outcomes assessed will be death by suicide; self-harm or attempted suicide (including hospital attendance and/or admission for these reasons); and suicidal thoughts/ideation. There will be no restriction on study type, except for single case reports. There will be no restriction on language of publication. The review will be updated at three-monthly intervals if a sufficient volume of new evidence justifies doing so.Conclusions:Our living review will provide a regular synthesis of the most up-to-date research evidence to guide public health and clinical policy to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on suicide.Protocol registration:PROSPEROCRD4202018332601/05/2020
A prospective evaluation of a change in attitude towards sexuality in medical students after their three years in medical college
Authors: Shah Dr. Shanaya , Patel Dr.  Ankita , Patel Dr. Kamlesh , Mehta Dr. Prakash 
Published: June 2020

Aim of the studySexual health is central to holistic health care; studies indicate that health professionals are uncomfortable raising sexual issues partly because of their conservative sexual attitude. India hosts a multitude of social beliefs and cultural traditions. Everybody including Health professionals have certain beliefs hardwired into their mindsets, including attitude towards sexuality.
so we aim to study the change in students’ attitude towards various aspects of own and others-sexuality & to explore the gender difference in same.Subject or material and methodsA prospective study was conducted in a medical college of Gujarat. The study was conducted in medical students in their 3rd year. Data were collected using Trueblood Sexual Attitudes Questionnaire and those were compared to the data of same students collected in their 1st year, in order to see the change in attitude toward sexuality. (Using paired & unpaired t test)ResultsThe study showed that the students had a positive attitude towards own-sexuality for all domains, after 3 years in medical college. In attitudes towards others-sexuality, students still had a negative attitude towards masturbation & commercial sex. This change of attitude was statistically significant for all students, except in male students’ attitude towards others-sexuality.DiscussionSexual health related topics and frequent encounters with patients with different sexual health needs gave students a better understanding of same, but the results are still unsatisfactory.ConclusionsIt can be concluded that: The students had a positive attitude towards own-sexuality after 3 years in medical college. In attitude towards others-sexuality, students still had a negative attitude towards masturbation and commercial sex.
Investigating the mediational role of Intolerance of Uncertainty and its components in reducing symptoms of emotional disorders: A double-blind randomized clinical trial
Authors: Khakpoor Sahel , Mohammadi Bytamar Jahangir , Saed Omid 
Published: June 2020

Aim of the studyIntolerance of uncertainty (IU) is a transdiagnostic structure that plays an important role in developing and maintaining symptoms of emotional disorders. The current study was aimed to investigate the mediational role of IU and its components in reducing symptoms of emotional disorders.Subject or material and methodsThis was a double-blind randomized clinical trial. Based on the Beck anxiety inventory and Beck depression inventory 26 individuals were selected. They were randomly assigned into two groups of control and treatment (n=13) using random number generator 3.1.v software. The treatment group received 20 one-hour sessions of Uniﬁed Protocol (UP) for the transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders. Beck depression inventory, the Beck anxiety inventory, and Intolerance of uncertainty scale were performed in pre, post and three months follow-up. Data were analyzed by SPSS-20 software.ResultsAfter controlling the effect of IU, the results of one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed a significant reduction in the difference between the two groups (P<0.05); which means that IU can be considered as a mediator of reductions in anxiety and depression in UP. The results of the stepwise regression analysis indicated that prospective IU and inhibitory IU could explain 61.4% and 8.2% of variances in anxiety scores, respectively. In predicting changes in depression score, only inhibitory IU could explain depression variance (43.3%).DiscussionThe best predictor of the changes in the anxiety and depression are, respectively, prospective IU and inhibitory IU.ConclusionsThis study shows that UP may exert its effect by improving different components of IU.
Reclassification to another sport using FC Berlin as an example
Authors: Kalinowski Paweł , Jerszyński Damian , Nowakowska Monika , Pietrzak Michał , Kalinowska Katarzyna 
Published: June 2020

Education through sport is widely discussed in world literature. Sport theorists emphasize the importance of the long-term process of training a player for many years as a hierarchically complex system-structured task. Nevertheless, practical actions which are taken often differ from theoretical recommendations. In many countries due to cultural, technological or financial conditions, various systems of solutions are used. On the basis of direct observation in one of the German teams, the article attempts to discuss the benefits of retraining young athletes for another sport. These actions are taken systematically. In addition, reference was made to the dangers arising from the use of commercialized sports activities for children and youth in Poland. Bearing in mind both theoretical justifications and practical actions taken in the German team, one can observe the positive impact of correctly diagnosing the predisposition of children starting football training and retraining for other sports activities. In addition, based on the author's experience in training work in Germany, no negative impact on the functioning of sports training or education of such action through sport was observed.
Managing Market Thickness in Online Business-to-Business Markets
Authors: Bimpikis Kostas , Elmaghraby Wedad J. , Moon Ken , Zhang Wenchang 
Published: June 2020

We explore marketplace design in the context of a business-to-business platform specializing in liquidation auctions. Even when the platform’s aggregate levels of supply and demand remain fixed, we establish that the platform’s ability to use its design levers to manage the availability of supply over time yields significant value. We study two such levers, each using the platform’s availability of supply as a means to incentivize participation from buyers who decide strategically when/how often to participate. First, the platform’s listing policy sets the ending times of incoming auctions (hence, the frequency of market clearing). Exploiting a natural experiment, we illustrate that consolidating auctions’ ending times to certain weekdays increases the platform’s revenues by 7.3% mainly by inducing a higher level of bidder participation. The second lever is a recommendation system that can be used to reveal information about real-time market thickness to potential bidders. The optimization of these levers highlights a novel trade-off. Namely, when the platform consolidates auctions’ ending times, more bidders may participate in the marketplace (demand-side competition); but ultimately auctions for substitutable goods cannibalize one another (supply-side competition). To optimize these design decisions, we estimate a structural model that endogenizes bidders’ dynamic behavior, that is, their decisions on whether/how often to participate in the marketplace and how much to bid. We find that appropriately designing a recommendation system yields an additional revenue increase (on top of the benefits obtained by optimizing the platform’s listing policy) by reducing supply-side cannibalization and altering the composition of participating bidders. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
Experiences of relatives with outpatient palliative care: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Fringer André , Stängle Sabrina , Bischofberger Iren , Büche Daniel , Praxmarer Renate , Ch. Ott Stefan , Schnepp Wilfried 
Published: June 2020

Aim: The authors aimed to evaluate the experiences of the relatives of dying people, both in regard to benefits and special needs, when supported by a mobile palliative care bridging service (MPCBS), which exists to enable dying people to stay at home and to support patients' relatives. Design: A cross-sectional survey. Methods: A standardised survey was performed, asking 106 relatives of dying people about their experiences with the MPCBS (response rate=47.3%). Descriptive statistics were analysed using SPSS 23. Findings: Many relatives (62.5%) reported that their dying relations when discharged from a facility to stay at home were not symptom-free. The MPCBS helped relatives maintain home care, and this was reported to be helpful. Support provided by the MPCBS made it easier for 77.6% of relatives to adjust care as soon as situations changed, and helped ensure that symptoms could be better controlled, at least for 68.2% of relatives. Younger relatives felt more encouraged by the MPCBS to care for their relatives dying at home.
When Teachers Become Students: Impacts of Neuroscience Learning on Elementary Teachers’ Mindset Beliefs, Approach to Learning, Teaching Efficacy, and Grit
Authors: Gutshall C. Anne 
Published: June 2020

<p style="text-align:justify">Previous research suggests that learning basic neuroscience constructs, especially about the malleability of the brain, impacts middle school and older students’ academic mindset, response to failure and academic persistence. This research targets teacher beliefs using a similar model. Teachers were taught introductory neuroscience concepts related to how the brain learns. Session topics included: basic neurodevelopment, neuroplasticity, sleep and the brain, stress and the brain, exercise and the brain, growth mindset, growth mindset feedback, self- control and grit. Results of this school level intervention suggest significant impacts on teachers’ mindset, teaching efficacy, teachers’ approach to learning and grit. In particular, teacher mindset beliefs significantly increased after the teachers were taught the concepts. Implications for schools and teacher preparation are discussed.</p>
Monolithic integration of ultraviolet microdisk lasers into photonic circuits in a III-nitride-on-silicon platform
Authors: Tabataba-Vakili Farsane , Alloing Blandine , Damilano Benjamin , Souissi Hassen , Brimont Christelle , Doyennette Laetitia , Guillet Thierry , Checoury Xavier , El Kurdi Moustafa , Chenot Sébastien , Frayssinet Eric , Duboz Jean-Yves , Semond Fabrice , Gayral Bruno , Boucaud Philippe 
Published: June 2020

Ultraviolet microdisk lasers are integrated monolithically into photonic circuits using a III-nitride-on-silicon platform with gallium nitride (GaN) as the main waveguide layer. The photonic circuits consist of a microdisk and a pulley waveguide, terminated by out-coupling gratings. In this Letter, we measure quality factors up to 3500 under continuous-wave excitation. Lasing is observed from 374 to 399 nm under pulsed excitation, achieving low-threshold energies of

0.14

m
J

/

c

m

2

per pulse (threshold peak powers of

35

k
W

/

c

m

2

). A large peak-to-background dynamic of around 200 is observed at the out-coupling grating for small gaps of 50 nm between the disk and the waveguide. These devices operate at the limit of what can be achieved with GaN in terms of operation wavelength.
High numerical aperture Hartmann wave front sensor for extreme ultraviolet spectral range
Authors: Li Lu , Koliyadu Jayanath C. P. , Donnelly Hannah , Alj Domenico , Delmas Olivier , Ruiz-Lopez Mabel , de La Rochefoucauld Ombeline , Dovillaire Guillaume , Fajardo Marta , Zhou Cangtao , Ruan Shuangchen , Dromey Brendan , Zepf Matt , Zeitoun Philippe 
Published: June 2020

We present a novel, to the best of our knowledge, Hartmann wave front sensor for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectral range with a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.15. The sensor has been calibrated using an EUV radiation source based on gas high harmonic generation. The calibration, together with simulation results, shows an accuracy beyondλ/39root mean square (rms) atλ=32nm. The sensor is suitable for wave front measurement in the 10 nm to 45 nm spectral regime. This compact wave front sensor is high-vacuum compatible and designed for in situ operations, allowing wide applications for up-to-date EUV sources or high-NA EUV optics.