bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data-driven decision support under concept drift in streamed big data
Authors: Lu Jie , Liu Anjin , Song Yiliao , Zhang Guangquan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Data-driven decision-making ($$\mathrm {D^3}$$D3M) is often confronted by the problem of uncertainty or unknown dynamics in streaming data. To provide real-time accurate decision solutions, the systems have to promptly address changes in data distribution in streaming data—a phenomenon known as concept drift. Past data patterns may not be relevant to new data when a data stream experiences significant drift, thus to continue using models based on past data will lead to poor prediction and poor decision outcomes. This position paper discusses the basic framework and prevailing techniques in streaming type big data and concept drift for $$\mathrm {D^3}$$D3M. The study first establishes a technical framework for real-time $$\mathrm {D^3}$$D3M under concept drift and details the characteristics of high-volume streaming data. The main methodologies and approaches for detecting concept drift and supporting $$\mathrm {D^3}$$D3M are highlighted and presented. Lastly, further research directions, related methods and procedures for using streaming data to support decision-making in concept drift environments are identified. We hope the observations in this paper could support researchers and professionals to better understand the fundamentals and research directions of $$\mathrm {D^3}$$D3M in streamed big data environments.
Moral Understanding and Cooperative Testimony
Authors: Boyd Kenneth 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIt is has been argued that there is a problem with moral testimony: testimony is deferential, and basing judgments and actions on deferentially acquired knowledge prevents them from having moral worth. What morality perhaps requires of us, then, is that we understand why a proposition is true, but this is something that cannot be acquired through testimony. I argue here that testimony can be both deferential as well as cooperative, and that one can acquire moral understanding through cooperative testimony. The problem of moral testimony is thus not a problem with testimony generally, but a problem of deferential testimony specifically.
Importance of State and Local Variation in Black–Brown Attitudes: How Latinos View Blacks and How Blacks Affect Their Views
Authors: Gomez-Aguinaga Barbara , Sanchez Gabriel R. , Barreto Matt 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study explores Latino perceptions of commonality and competition with African Americans across the country, focusing on the South. Using the Latino National Survey (LNS), we test the existing inter-group relation theories using an original measurement approach. With the creation of relative measures of commonality and competition of Latinos toward Blacks, we find that Latinos perceive co-ethnics as a greater source of competition than Blacks when our relative measure is used to interpret Latino perceptions of competition with African Americans. Moreover, our results suggest that Latinos in the South have similar perceptions of commonality to Blacks as Latinos more generally, across both approaches that measure perceptions of commonality. Most importantly, we find that when the relative competition measure is employed, Latinos who live in Southern states do in fact have higher perceptions of competition with Blacks than Latinos at large. These trends provide a valuable addition to the extant literature focused on inter-group relations by emphasizing that not only place and context matter, but also the way perceptions of competition and commonality are measured and operationalized.
Effectiveness of unmanned aerial vehicles to detect Amazon dolphins
Authors: Oliveira-da-Costa Marcelo , Marmontel Miriam , da-Rosa Daiane S. X. , Coelho André , Wich Serge , Mosquera-Guerra Federico , Trujillo Fernando 
Published: October 2019

AbstractQuantifying the abundance of species is essential for their management and conservation. Much effort has been invested in surveys of freshwater dolphins in the Amazon basin but river dimensions and complex logistics limit replication of such studies across the region. We evaluated the effectiveness of using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for surveying two Amazon dolphin species, the tucuxi Sotalia fluviatilis and pink river dolphin Inia geoffrensis, in tropical rivers. In 2016 we conducted drone and visual surveys over 80 km of the Juruá River in Brazil. The aerial surveys provided higher accuracy than human observers in counting individuals detected in groups. Compared to estimates derived from visual surveys, the use of UAVs could provide a more feasible, economical and accurate estimate of Amazon river dolphin populations. The method could potentially be replicated in other important areas for the conservation of these species, to generate an improved index of river dolphin populations in the Amazon.
Limbic cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical functional connectivity in drug-naïve patients of obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Zhao Qing , Xu Tingting , Wang Yuan , Chen Dandan , Liu Qiang , Yang Zhi , Wang Zhen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) remains unclear despite extensive neuroimaging work on the disorder. Exposure to medication and comorbid mental disorders can confound the results of OCD studies. The goal of this study was to explore differences in brain functional connectivity (FC) within the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) loop of drug-naïve and drug-free OCD patients and healthy controls (HCs).MethodsA total of 29 drug-naïve OCD patients, 22 drug-free OCD patients, and 25 HCs matched on age, gender and education level underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning at resting state. Seed-based connectivity analyses were conducted among the three groups. The Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale and clinical inventories were used to assess the clinical symptoms.ResultsCompared with HCs, the drug-naïve OCD patients had reduced FC within the limbic CSTC loop. In the drug-naïve OCD participants, we also found hyperconnectivity between the supplementary motor area and ventral and dorsal putamen (p < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons).ConclusionsExposure to antidepressants such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors may affect the function of some brain regions. Future longitudinal studies could help to reveal the pharmacotherapeutic mechanisms in these loops.
Elder law and its subject: the contextualised ageing individual
Authors: Numhauser-Henning Ann 
Published: October 2019

AbstractElder law is often approached in terms of a ‘body’ of law. In this article, I argue for a contextualised and externalised perspective on the ageing individual as the subject of elder law. Elder law relates to the implications of law as an institutionalisation of society seen through the lens of older persons. The aged subject is a contested and differentiated social construct to be studied in relation to an externalised social ‘problem’ and properly contextualised. Whereas the ageing individual in the context of labour law and anti-discrimination regulation turns out to be remarkably young, the specific history of LGBT persons in society comes to the fore in cases where age intersects with a ground such as sexual orientation. The ‘ageing’ worker must thus be understood in relation to work as the dominant distributive order in society, and in relation to institutions and developments associated with work. Due to the role of age as a traditional social stratifier, the prohibition against age discrimination has been given a weaker format than have prohibitions against other kinds of discrimination, and the ban on ageism has failed to achieve a clear legal status. Deficiencies in the measures taken against age discrimination are also evident in their incapacity to address situations where age intersects with other grounds, resulting in a compartmentalised application and interpretation of discrimination bans, leaving vulnerable sub-groups without protection. In sum, elder law is very much a field in process and – although arguing for the added value of a contextualised perspective – it may for the time being suffice to say that ‘elder law is what elder law researchers do’.
Acute Cortisol Levels and Memory Performance in Older People with High and Normal Body Mass Index
Authors: Pulopulos Matias M. , Puig-Perez Sara , Hidalgo Vanesa , Montoliu Teresa , Salvador Alicia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that healthy older adults may be less sensitive to the effects of acute cortisol levels on memory performance than young adults. Importantly, being overweight has recently been associated with an increase in both cortisol concentration and cortisol receptors in central tissues, suggesting that Body Mass Index (BMI) may contribute to differences in the relationship between memory and acute cortisol. This study investigates the role of BMI in the relationship between memory performance and acute cortisol levels in older people (M = 64.70 years; SD = 4.24). We measured cortisol levels and memory performance (working memory and declarative memory) in 33 participants with normal BMI (normal BMI = 18.50–24.99) and 36 participants with overweight BMI (overweight BMI = 25–29.99). Overweight BMI participants showed worse performance on word-list learning (p = .036, 95% CI [0.08, 2.18], η2p = 0.07). Higher cortisol levels were related to higher proactive interference (β = .364, p = .016, 95% CI [0.07, 0.66]), and BMI did not moderate any of the relationships investigated. In accordance with previous studies, our results show worse memory performance in individuals with overweight BMI. However, our results do not support the idea that memory performance in older people with higher BMI may be more sensitive to differences in acute cortisol levels than in older people with normal BMI. More research is needed to test this hypothesis with obese individuals (BMI &gt; 30 Kg/cm2).
A Framework to Delineate Precipitation‐Runoff Regimes: Precipitation Versus Snowpack in the Western United States
Authors: Chen Xiaodong , Duan Zhuoran , Leung L. Ruby , Wigmosta Mark 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSnowpack accumulation/ablation affects the runoff response to precipitation by modulating the water flux reaching the surface. Previous studies mostly focused on “rain‐on‐snow” events. Here we propose a framework to extend the scope and classify precipitation events accompanied by snow accumulation/ablation (precipitation‐and‐snow, or PAS, events) into five regimes. This framework is applied to a regional climate simulation over the western United States for 1981–2015 to reveal regions where daily changes in snowpack alter the surface hydrologic responses to precipitation. Over the western United States, PAS events account for 50–90% of all the precipitation events. Compared to the broad spatial distribution of snow accumulation‐type PAS events, snowmelting‐type PAS events are limited to coastal high‐elevation areas. Atmospheric rivers, a key driver of heavy precipitation in the region, account for only 2% of the PAS events, but they trigger significant snowmelt, accounting for 20% and 11% of light and heavy snowmelting events, respectively.
Decline in Atlantic Primary Production Accelerated by Greenland Ice Sheet Melt
Authors: Kwiatkowski Lester , Naar Joseph , Bopp Laurent , Aumont Olivier , Defrance Dimitri , Couespel Damien 
Published: October 2019

AbstractProjections of climate impacts on marine net primary production (NPP) are reliant on Earth System Models (ESMs) that do not contain dynamic ice sheets. We assess the impact of potential Greenland ice sheet meltwater on projections of 21st century NPP using idealized ESM simulations. Under an extreme melt scenario, corresponding to 21st century sea level rise close to 2 m, Greenland meltwater amplified the decline in global NPP from a decrease of 3.2 PgC/yr to a decrease of 4.5 PgC/yr, relative to present. This additional reduction in NPP predominately occurs in the North Atlantic subtropical and subpolar gyres, as well as Atlantic eastern boundary upwelling systems. Accelerated NPP declines are the result of both surface freshening and reductions in upwelling‐favorable winds enhancing phytoplankton nutrient limitation. Our findings indicate that including a dynamic Greenland ice sheet in ESMs could have large impacts on projections of future ocean circulation and biogeochemistry.
Phytoplankton Blooms off a High Turbidity Estuary: A Case Study in the Changjiang River Estuary
Authors: Wang Yihe , Wu Hui , Lin Jun , Zhu Jianrong , Zhang Wenxia , Li Chao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe occurrence of phytoplankton blooms in estuarine and coastal waters is codetermined by the export of fluvial nutrients and other water properties such as turbidity. In this study, the Changjiang River Estuary was used as an example to investigate the intrinsic link between river plume dynamics, riverine nutrient loading, suspended sediment concentration, and phytoplankton blooms with a coupled hydrodynamic‐sediment‐ecosystem numerical model. Suspended sediment concentration from the sediment module was used to parameterize light attenuation in waters, which, in association with river plume dynamics, was found to impact phytoplankton distribution. Data that was collected in situ, in addition to satellite data for chlorophyll, nutrients, and suspended sediments, were used to validate the model, which performed well. The surface high chlorophyll centers exhibited a patch‐like pattern from the northeast to the south off the Changjiang River mouth. The high chlorophyll concentration within the river plume was mainly determined by riverine nutrient exports, and potential phosphate limitation occurred away from the river mouth. The chlorophyll concentration decreased dramatically shoreward of the sediment front, which was controlled by the bottom river plume front. The bottom plume front was an intrinsic feature of the Changjiang River plume and similar river plume systems, which set a boundary separating the well‐mixed (turbid) nearshore waters and stratified (clear) offshore waters. Without considering the sediment shading effect, the model yielded an unrealistic chlorophyll distribution with artificially high values in the turbid area. This indicated that light attenuation was a key factor limiting phytoplankton blooms in turbid river estuaries.
How Can Phytoplankton Pigments Be Best Used to Characterize Surface Ocean Phytoplankton Groups for Ocean Color Remote Sensing Algorithms?
Authors: Kramer Sasha J. , Siegel David A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHigh‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) remains one of the most widely applied methods for estimation of phytoplankton community structure from ocean samples, which are used to create and validate satellite retrievals of phytoplankton community structure. HPLC measures the concentrations of phytoplankton pigments, some of which are useful chemotaxonomic markers for phytoplankton groups. Here, consistent suites of HPLC phytoplankton pigments measured on global surface water samples are compiled across spatial scales. The global dataset includes >4,000 samples from every major ocean basin and representing a wide range of ecological regimes. The local dataset is composed of six time series from long‐term observatory sites. These samples are used to quantify the potential and limitations of HPLC for understanding surface ocean phytoplankton groups. Hierarchical cluster and empirical orthogonal function analyses are used to examine the associations between and among groups of phytoplankton pigments and to diagnose the main controls on these associations. These methods identify four major groups of phytoplankton on global scales (cyanobacteria, diatoms/dinoflagellates, haptophytes, and green algae) that can be identified by diagnostic biomarker pigments. On local scales, the same methods identify more and different taxonomic groups of phytoplankton than are detectable in the global dataset. Notably, diatom and dinoflagellate pigments group together on global scales, but dinoflagellate marker pigments always separate from diatoms on local scales. Together, these results confirm that HPLC pigments can be used for satellite algorithm quantification of no more than four phytoplankton groups on global scales, but can provide higher resolution for local‐scale algorithm development and validation.
The Role of Permafrost in Eurasian Land‐Atmosphere Interactions
Authors: Vecellio Daniel J. , Nowotarski Christopher J. , Frauenfeld Oliver W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPermafrost is an important indicator of climate change that affects, e.g., ecosystems, hydrology, and infrastructure in cold regions. Interactions between the surface and atmosphere in permafrost regions are complex and vary seasonally due to the contrasting energy and moisture conditions of frozen versus unfrozen ground. Differences in surface‐atmosphere connections have been documented between permafrost types, with significantly increased moisture feedbacks in areas of continuous Eurasian permafrost, but no such relationship in other regions. This study elucidates the processes responsible for these observed land‐atmosphere feedbacks in Eurasian permafrost regions. The Weather Research and Forecasting model is used to determine the varying effects of discontinuous versus continuous permafrost on different weather scenarios. For two 72‐hour periods, surface fluxes, boundary layer characteristics, and corresponding meso‐to‐synoptic scale meteorological features varied when comparing the two experiments: one with a saturated active layer representing continuous permafrost, and another witht1 a drier surface layer representing discontinuous permafrost. Depending on the weather regime, an increase in boundary layer moisture in response to increased latent heat fluxes over continuous permafrost increases precipitation and low‐level cloudiness. The effects of changing soil conditions are evident as far aloft as 500 hPa, as a mid‐level low over continuous permafrost is stronger and moves southward. Incipient moisture associated with continuous permafrost allows for different land‐atmosphere interactions than over discontinuous permafrost. Continued permafrost degradation as a result of climate change may lead to increased dryness in the region, altering the surface energy balance and associated weather and climate feedbacks.
Estimating the Increase in Regional Evaporative Water Consumption as a Result of Vegetation Restoration Over the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Shao Rui , Zhang Baoqing , Su Tongxuan , Long Biao , Cheng Linyin , Xue Yayong , Yang Wenjing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOne of the world's largest revegetation programs, the Grain for Green Project (GfGP), has been taking place on the Loess Plateau of China since 1999. Such massive revegetation causes changes in the region's hydrological cycle, water availability, and ecological sustainability through enhanced evapotranspiration (ET). Here we quantify effects of the GfGP's revegetation on ET over this water‐stressed region. Our approach involves use of a modified Priestley‐Taylor Jet Propulsion Laboratory (PT‐JPL) model, incorporating vegetation dynamics as a new component. The original PT‐JPL model has been expanded from site scale to regional scale, thereby allowing its application to the Loess Plateau. The modified PT‐JPL model was calibrated and validated against flux tower‐measured and water balance‐based ET observations. The model performed well at a regional scale with the incorporation of vegetation dynamics. To quantify the net effect of revegetation on evaporative water consumption after the GfGP, we compared scenarios with and without revegetation. We find the revegetation has led to a significant increase in ET across the Loess Plateau, of 4.39 mm/yr averaged over the past 15 years (mean annual precipitation was 464 mm). Compared with the no revegetation scenario, the GfGP revegetation appreciably enhanced evaporative water consumption across the Loess Plateau, by approximately 31 × 108 m3/yr (or 4.90 mm/yr). Our findings suggest that to maintain ecologically sustainable restoration and rational use of water resources, factors including the strength of revegetation and the relationship between evaporative water consumption and revegetation type should be considered.
What Triggers Streamflow for Intermittent Rivers and Ephemeral Streams in Low‐Gradient Catchments in Mediterranean Climates
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Jurado Karina Y. , Partington Daniel , Batelaan Okke , Cook Peter , Shanafield Margaret 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntermittent rivers and ephemeral streams (IRES) account for over 50% of the world's river network and are expected to increase with climate change and the increasing pressure on water resources. One significant challenge to better manage IRES is unraveling the threshold behavior of streamflow generation, by understanding what controls the triggers of streamflow. This study aimed to understand the influence of groundwater depth, soil hydraulic properties, and rainfall on streamflow generation in IRES, through analyzing the spatiotemporal development of active areas (where flow generation processes are occurring) and determining the dominant flow generation mechanisms. In a concept‐development approach, we used fully Integrated Surface‐Subsurface Hydrological Models to investigate streamflow generation for a range of characteristics representative of IRES in low‐gradient catchments with Mediterranean climates. The results showed that soil type exerts the greatest overall influence on streamflow generation and is the main factor determining the spatiotemporal development of active areas by a given flow generation mechanism and threshold contributing processes. The identified dominant mechanism for each soil demonstrated the effect of the initial groundwater head and rainfall scenarios on the timing and processes that trigger streamflow onset. These results reaffirm the importance of unsaturated storage dynamics to explain thresholds and pathways of flow and suggest that knowledge of the development of active areas and prediction of the dominant flow generation mechanisms is critical to understand streamflow generation in IRES. Future research should identify the influence of catchment morphology, geologic constraints, and aquifer heterogeneity and anisotropy on streamflow generation in IRES.
The flavonoid-rich Quzhou Fructus Aurantii extract modulates gut microbiota and prevents obesity in high-fat diet-fed mice
Authors: Bai Yong-feng , Wang Si-wei , Wang Xiao-xiao , Weng Yuan-yuan , Fan Xue-yu , Sheng Hao , Zhu Xin-tian , Lou Li-jun , Zhang Feng 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background
Flavonoids are reported to modulate the composition of gut microbiota, which play an important role in preventing obesity and associated metabolic diseases. In this study, we investigated the effect of Total Flavonoids of Quzhou Fructus Aurantii Extract (TFQ) on gut microbial community in mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD).

Methods
C57BL/6J mice were fed with either a chow diet or HFD with or without oral gavage of TFQ (300 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks.

Results
Our data indicate TFQ significantly reduced obesity, inflammatio,n and liver steatosis. TFQ elevates the expression of tight junction proteins and reduces metabolic endotoxemia. In addition, TFQ treatment reverses HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, as indicated by the reduction of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, the increase of genera Akkermansia and Alistipes, and the decrease of genera Dubosiella, Faecalibaculum, and Lactobacillus.

Conclusion
These findings support a prebiotic role of TFQ as a dietary supplement for the intervention of gut dysbiosis and obesity-related metabolic disorders.