bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Real Contact Area for Rough Metal Surfaces and the Distinction of Contribution From Elasticity and Plasticity
Authors: Li Lei-Tao , Liang Xuan-Ming , Xing Yu-Zhe , Yan Duo , Wang Gang-Feng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The measurement of the real contact area between rough surfaces is one of the most challenging problems in contact mechanics and is of importance to understand some physical mechanisms in tribology. Based on the frustrated total internal reflection, a new apparatus is designed to measure the real contact area. For metallic samples with various surface topographies, the relation between normal load and the real contact area is measured. The unloading process is first considered to distinguish the contribution of elasticity and plasticity in contact with rough surfaces. It is found that both elasticity and plasticity are involved throughout the continuous loading process, different from some present understanding and assumptions that they play at different loading stages. A quantitative parameter is proposed to indicate the contribution of plasticity. The present work not only provides an experimental method to measure the real contact area but figures out how elastic and plastic deformation works in contact with rough surfaces.
Comparative Evaluation of Algorithms for Achieving Ultrapacked Thermal Greases: Microstructural Models and Effective Behavior
Authors: Achar P. L Sukshitha , Liao Huanyu , Subbarayan Ganesh 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this work, we develop and evaluate algorithms for generating ultrapacked microstructures of particles. Simulated microstructures reported in the literature rarely contain particle volume fractions greater than 60%. However, commercially available thermal greases appear to achieve volume fractions in the range of 60–80%. Therefore, to analyze the effectiveness of commercially available particle-filled thermal interface materials (TIM), there is a need to develop algorithms capable of generating ultrapacked microstructures. The particle packing problem is initially posed as a nonlinear programming problem, and formal optimization algorithms are applied to generate microstructures that are maximally packed. The packing efficiency in the simulated microstructure is dependent on the number of particles in the simulation cell; however, as the number of particles increases, the packing simulation is computationally expensive. Here, the computational time to generate microstructures with large number of particles is systematically evaluated first using optimization algorithms. The algorithms include the penalty function methods, best-in-class sequential quadratic programming method, matrix-less conjugate gradient method as well as the augmented Lagrangian method. Heuristic algorithms are next evaluated to achieve computationally efficient packing. The evaluated heuristic algorithms are mainly based on the drop-fall-shake (DFS) method, but modified to more effectively simulate the mixing process in commercial planetary mixers. With the developed procedures, representative volume elements (RVE) with volume fraction as high as 74% are demonstrated. The simulated microstructures are analyzed using our previously developed random network model to estimate the effective thermal and mechanical behavior given a particle arrangement.
Ultrasound-Guided Attenuation Parameter (UGAP) for the quantification of liver steatosis using the Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP) as the reference method
Authors: Bende Felix , Sporea Ioan , Șirli Roxana , Bâldea Victor , Lazăr Alin , Lupușoru Raluca , Fofiu Renata , Popescu Alina 
Published: October 2020

Aim: Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is increasing in frequency in daily practice and evaluation of liver steatosis, fibrosis and inflammation severity are essential for prognosis assessment. The aim was to evaluate the usefulnessof a new liver steatosis quantification system - Ultrasound-Guided Attenuation Parameter (UGAP) from General Electric Healthcare, using Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP) as the reference method.Material and method: 179 consecutive subjects, in whom liver steatosis was assessed in the same session using UGAP, implemented on LOGIQ E10 system (GE Healthcare), and CAP (FibroScan, EchoSens). To discriminate between steatosis stages by CAP, we used the cut-offs recommended by the manufacturer: S1 (mild) – 230 dB/m, S2 (moderate) – 275 dB/m, S3 (severe) – 300 dB/m.Results: We classified our cohort by means of CAP into the following groups: S0 (no steatosis): 48/176 (27.2%), S1 (mild): 56/176 (31.6%), S2 (moderate): 14/176 (7.3%) and S3 (severe): 59/176 (33.9%). The mean UGAP values increased with the steatosis grade and for each group were the following: S0: 198.3±25.7 dB/m, S1: 216.86±26.3 dB/m, S2: 237.79±26.3 dB/m, and S3: 270.8±31.62 dB/m respectively (p<0.001). A very good positive correlation was found between UGAP and CAP values (r=0.73, p<0.0001). The best cut-off values for predicting different grades of liver steatosis using CAP as the reference were: S1 - 192.5 dB/m (AUC 0.83); S2 – 231 dB/m (AUC 0.90) and S3 – 248 dB/m (AUC 0.91).Conclusion: UGAP seems to be a good method for liver steatosis quantification and correlates strongly with CAP values.
Dry Needling for Hamstring Flexibility: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Alaei Parisa , Nakhostin Ansari Noureddin , Naghdi Soofia , Fakhari Zahra , Komesh Shiva , Dommerholt Jan 
Published: October 2020

Context: Hamstring muscle tightness is one of the most common problems in athletic and healthy people. Dry needling (DN) was found to be an effective approach for improving muscle flexibility, but there is no study to compare this approach with static stretching (SS) as a common technique for the increase of muscle length. Objective: To compare the immediate effects of DN and SS on hamstring flexibility in healthy subjects with hamstring tightness. Study Design: A single-blind randomized controlled trial. Setting: A musculoskeletal physiotherapy clinic at Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Subjects: Forty healthy subjects (female: 32, age range: 18–40 y) with hamstring tightness were randomly assigned into 2 groups of DN and SS. Intervention: The DN group received a single session of DN on 3 points of the hamstring muscles, each for 1 minute. The SS group received a single session of SS of the hamstrings, consisting of 3 sets of 30-second SS with a 10-second rest between sets in the active knee extension test (AKET) position. Main Outcome Measures: The AKET, muscle compliance, passive peak torque, and stretch tolerance were measured at the baseline, immediately, and 15 minutes after the interventions. Results: Improvements in all outcomes was better for the DN group than for the SS group. DN increased muscle compliance significantly 15 minutes after the intervention, but it did not improve in the SS group. Conclusion: DN is effective in improving hamstring flexibility compared with SS. One session of DN can be an effective treatment for hamstring tightness and increase hamstring flexibility. The improvements suggest that DN is a novel treatment for hamstring flexibility.
Eye clinic attendance at the olympic and paralympic games Rio 2016 and its correlation to the WHO indicators on eye health
Authors: Fernandes Arthur Gustavo , Bastawrous Andrew , Ferraz Nívea Nunes , Hennig Benjamin , Lima Vagner Loduca , Viana Rodrigo Galvao , Campos Mauro , Furtado João Marcello 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate athletes’ frequency of attendance at the eye clinic during the Olympic and Paralympic Games Rio 2016 and to correlate it to WHO core indicators on progress in ophthalmology care in a country.MethodsFrequencies of athletes’ attendance at the eye clinic were calculated for each country. Countries were classified according to the World Bank income levels in high, upper-middle, low-middle or low-income country. Data on ophthalmology care for each country were derived from the International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness atlas. Data were analysed in view of WHO indicators for each country: visual impairment prevalence considering presenting visual acuity <6/18 to ≥3/60 in the better vision eye; number of ophthalmologists per million people and the cataract surgical rate per year, per million population.ResultsThe athletes’ overall frequency of attendance in the eye clinic was 6.47%. Frequencies of attendance for high, upper-middle, low-middle or low-income country were 1.97%, 9.66%, 16.54% and 22.43%, respectively. A positive correlation was observed between the athletes’ attendance frequency of a country and its visual impairment prevalence (r=0.2290, p=0.0017). A negative correlation was observed between the athletes’ attendance frequency of a country and its eye health workforce (r=−0.2152, p=0.0026).ConclusionCountries with highest athletes’ frequencies of attendance were those that face barriers to eye care provision. These results reinforce the importance of the eye clinic service during the Olympic and Paralympic Games proving access to specialised care to athletes and members of delegation.
Trends and inequalities in the nutritional status of adolescent girls and adult women in sub-Saharan Africa since 2000: a cross-sectional series study
Authors: Jiwani Safia S , Gatica-Domínguez Giovanna , Crochemore-Silva Inacio , Maïga Abdoulaye , Walton Shelley , Hazel Elizabeth , Baille Barbara , Bose Sujata , Bosu William K , Busia Kofi , CA Tome , Coulibaly-Zerbo Ferima , Faye Cheikh Mbacké , Kumapley Richard , Mehra Vrinda , Somda Serge M A , Verstraeten Roosmarijn , Amouzou Agbessi 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionEvidence on the rate at which the double burden of malnutrition unfolds is limited. We quantified trends and inequalities in the nutritional status of adolescent girls and adult women in sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsWe analysed 102 Demographic and Health Surveys between 1993 and 2017 from 35 countries. We assessed regional trends through cross-sectional series analyses and ran multilevel linear regression models to estimate the average annual rate of change (AARC) in the prevalence of underweight, anaemia, anaemia during pregnancy, overweight and obesity among women by their age, residence, wealth and education levels. We quantified current absolute inequalities in these indicators and wealth-inequality trends.ResultsThere was a modest decline in underweight prevalence (AARC=−0.14 percentage points (pp), 95% CI −0.17 to -0.11). Anaemia declined fastest among adult women and the richest pregnant women with an AARC of −0.67 pp (95% CI −1.06 to -0.28) and −0.97 pp (95% CI −1.60 to -0.34), respectively, although it affects all women with no marked disparities. Overweight is increasing rapidly among adult women and women with no education. Capital city residents had a threefold more rapid rise in obesity (AARC=0.47 pp, 95% CI 0.39, 0.55), compared with their rural counterparts. Absolute inequalities suggest that Ethiopia and South Africa have the largest gap in underweight (15.4 pp) and obesity (28.5 pp) respectively, between adult and adolescent women. Regional wealth inequalities in obesity are widening by 0.34 pp annually.ConclusionUnderweight persists, while overweight and obesity are rising among adult women, the rich and capital city residents. Adolescent girls do not present adverse nutritional outcomes except anaemia, remaining high among all women. Multifaceted responses with an equity lens are needed to ensure no woman is left behind.
Layouts for fixed-target experiments and dipole moment measurements of short-lived baryons using bent crystals at the LHC
Authors: Mirarchi D. , Fomin A. S. , Redaelli S. , Scandale W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSeveral studies are on-going at CERN in the framework of the Physics Beyond Collider study group, with main aim of broadening the physics research spectrum using the available accelerator complex and infrastructure. The possibility to design a layout that allows fixed-target experiments in the primary vacuum of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), without the need of a dedicated extraction line, is part of these studies. The principle of the layouts presented in this paper is to deflect beam halo protons on a fixed-target placed in the LHC primary vacuum, by means of the channeling process in bent crystals. Moreover, the presence of a second bent crystal adjacent to the target opens a unique opportunity for the first direct measurement of electric and magnetic dipole moments of short-lived baryons. Two possible layouts are reported, together with a thorough evaluation on their expected performance and impact on LHC operations.
Note on scalar–graviton and scalar–photon–graviton amplitudes
Authors: Zhou Kang , Zhou Guo-Jun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this short note, we propose an algorithm based on the expansions of amplitudes, the dimensional reduction technique and the approach by differential operators, to calculate the tree level scalar–graviton amplitudes with two massive scalars and the tree level scalar–photon–graviton amplitudes with two massive scalars and one photon. While applying the unitarity method, these amplitudes are necessary inputs for the calculation of post-Newtonian and post-Minkowskian expansions in general relativity for two massive charged objects interacting with gravity and the electromagnetic field.
Immediate effect of foam roller on pain and ankle range of motion in patients with plantar fasciitis: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ranbhor Aishwarya R. , Prabhakar Ashish J. , Eapen Charu 
Published: October 2020

Background: Stretching has been proven to be effective on pain and range of motion (ROM) in patients with plantar fasciitis. Despite recent gain in popularity and the proposed theories of effectiveness of foam roller, there is a lack of literature on the effect of foam rolling on plantar fasciitis. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the effects of foam rolling and stretching on pain and ankle ROM in patients with plantar fasciitis. Methods: A total of 50 participants were included and randomly allocated to the stretching and foam roller groups. Visual analog scale (VAS), pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) for gastrocnemius, soleus and plantar fascia and weight-bearing lunge test (WBLT) measurements were recorded at baseline and immediately after treatment. Results: Within-group analysis has shown there is a statistically significant difference ([Formula: see text]) in all the outcome measures in both foam roller and self-stretching groups. The between-groups analysis showed no statistical significance difference in VAS, plantar fascia PPT and WBLT parameters (with [Formula: see text]-values of 0.171, 0.372 and 0.861, respectively); however, significant differences were found in gastrocnemius PPT ([Formula: see text]) and soleus PPT ([Formula: see text]). Conclusion: It was seen that both stretching and foam rolling techniques helped in reducing pain and increasing the ROM. However, the effectiveness of foam roller was superior to stretching in terms of increase in PPTs at gastrocnemius and soleus. Clinical Trial Registration No: CTRI/2018/01/011398. Name of registry: The Clinical Trials Registry — India (CTRI); https://ctri.nic.in.
Tumor DNA as a Cancer Biomarker through the Lens of Colorectal Neoplasia
Authors: Cohen Joshua D. , Diergaarde Brenda , Papadopoulos Nickolas , Kinzler Kenneth W. , Schoen Robert E. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Biomarkers have a wide range of applications in the clinical management of cancer, including screening and therapeutic management. Tumor DNA released from neoplastic cells has become a particularly active area of cancer biomarker development due to the critical role somatic alterations play in the pathophysiology of cancer and the ability to assess released tumor DNA in accessible clinical samples, in particular blood (i.e., liquid biopsy). Many of the early applications of tumor DNA as a biomarker were pioneered in colorectal cancer due to its well-defined genetics and common occurrence, the effectiveness of early detection, and the availability of effective therapeutic options. Herein, in the context of colorectal cancer, we describe how the intended clinical application dictates desired biomarker test performance, how features of tumor DNA provide unique challenges and opportunities for biomarker development, and conclude with specific examples of clinical application of tumor DNA as a biomarker with particular emphasis on early detection.
See all articles in this CEBP Focus section, “NCI Early Detection Research Network: Making Cancer Detection Possible.”
Repurposing of a Thromboxane Receptor Inhibitor Based on a Novel Role in Metastasis Identified by Phenome-Wide Association Study
Authors: Werfel Thomas A. , Hicks Donna J. , Rahman Bushra , Bendeman Wendy E. , Duvernay Matthew T. , Maeng Jae G. , Hamm Heidi , Lavieri Robert R. , Joly Meghan M. , Pulley Jill M. , Elion David L. , Brantley-Sieders Dana M. , Cook Rebecca S. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Although new drug discoveries are revolutionizing cancer treatments, repurposing existing drugs would accelerate the timeline and lower the cost for bringing treatments to cancer patients. Our goal was to repurpose CPI211, a potent and selective antagonist of the thromboxane A2-prostanoid receptor (TPr), a G-protein–coupled receptor that regulates coagulation, blood pressure, and cardiovascular homeostasis. To identify potential new clinical indications for CPI211, we performed a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) of the gene encoding TPr, TBXA2R, using robust deidentified health records and matched genomic data from more than 29,000 patients. Specifically, PheWAS was used to identify clinical manifestations correlating with a TBXA2R single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs200445019), which generates a T399A substitution within TPr that enhances TPr signaling. Previous studies have correlated 200445019 with chronic venous hypertension, which was recapitulated by this PheWAS analysis. Unexpectedly, PheWAS uncovered an rs200445019 correlation with cancer metastasis across several cancer types. When tested in several mouse models of metastasis, TPr inhibition using CPI211 potently blocked spontaneous metastasis from primary tumors, without affecting tumor cell proliferation, motility, or tumor growth. Further, metastasis following intravenous tumor cell delivery was blocked in mice treated with CPI211. Interestingly, TPr signaling in vascular endothelial cells induced VE-cadherin internalization, diminished endothelial barrier function, and enhanced transendothelial migration by tumor cells, phenotypes that were decreased by CPI211. These studies provide evidence that TPr signaling promotes cancer metastasis, supporting the study of TPr inhibitors as antimetastatic agents and highlighting the use of PheWAS as an approach to accelerate drug repurposing.
Robotic Leg Design to Analysis the Human Leg Swing from Motion Capture
Authors: Yunardi Riky Tri , Firdaus Aji Akbar , Agustin Eva Inaiyah 
Published: October 2020

In this paper presented the prototype of robotic leg has been designed, constructed and controlled. These prototype are designed from a geometric of human leg model with three joints moving in 2D plane. Robot has three degree of freedom using DC servo motor as a joint actuators: hip, knee and ankle. The mechanical leg constructed using aluminum alloy and acrylic material. The control movement of this system is based on motion capture data stored on a personal computer. The motions are recorded with a camera by use of a marker-based to track movement of human leg. Propose of this paper is design of robotic leg to present the analysis of motion of the human leg swing and to testing the system ability to create the movement from motion capture. The results of this study show that the design of robotic leg was capable for practical use of the human leg motion analysis. The accuracy of orientation angles of joints shows the average error on hip is 1.46º, knee is 1.66º, and ankle is 0.46º. In this research suggesting that the construction of mechanic is an important role in the stabilization of the movement sequence.
Throughput and Handover Latency Evaluation for Multicast Proxy Mobile IPV6
Authors: Hashim Aisha , Hafizah Mohd Aman Azana , Adibah Mohd Ramli Huda 
Published: October 2020

The objective of this paper is to present performance analysis of a new enhanced mobile multicast network mobility management scheme. The initial developed network mobility management called Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) is based on unicast network support. This paper enabled multicast support in network mobility management and named it as MPMIPv6. Additionally this enhancement also provides better network performance with the new context transfer operations and fast reroute operations. In brief, this paper also describes other current mobile multicast schemes. The new scheme is evaluated using mathematical analysis and NS3.19 simulator. Theoretically this scheme reduces service recovery time, total signalling cost, handover latency, and packet loss for multicast communication. However for this paper, the analysed parameters are throughput and handover latency. Both mathematical and simulation results exhibit better network performance for multicast environment compared to the standard benchmark scheme.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Fibrosis Ablation for the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Bisbal Felipe , Benito Eva , Teis Albert , Alarcón Francisco , Sarrias Axel , Caixal Gala , Villuendas Roger , Garre Paz , Soto Nina , Cozzari Jennifer , Guasch Eduard , Juncà Gladys , Prat-Gonzalez Susanna , Perea Rosario J. , Bazán Victor , Tolosana José María , Arbelo Elena , Bayés-Genís Antoni , Mont Lluis 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Myocardial fibrosis is key for atrial fibrillation maintenance. We aimed to test the efficacy of ablating cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)-detected atrial fibrosis plus pulmonary vein isolation (PVI).

Methods:
This was an open-label, parallel-group, randomized, controlled trial. Patients with symptomatic drug-refractory atrial fibrillation (paroxysmal and persistent) undergoing first or repeat ablation were randomized in a 1:1 basis to receive PVI plus CMR-guided fibrosis ablation (CMR group) or PVI alone (PVI-alone group). The primary end point was the rate of recurrence (>30 seconds) at 12 months of follow-up using a 12-lead ECG and Holter monitoring at 3, 6, and 12 months. The analysis was conducted by intention-to-treat.

Results:

In total, 155 patients (71% male, age 59±10, CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc 1.3±1.1, 54% paroxysmal atrial fibrillation) were allocated to the PVI-alone group (N=76) or CMR group (N=79). First ablation was performed in 80% and 71% of patients in the PVI-alone and CMR groups, respectively. The mean atrial fibrosis burden was 12% (only ≈50% of patients had fibrosis outside the pulmonary vein area). One hundred percent and 99% of patients received the assigned intervention in the PVI-alone and CMR group, respectively. The primary outcome was achieved in 21 patients (27.6%) in the PVI-alone group and 22 patients (27.8%) in the CMR group (odds ratio: 1.01 [95% CI, 0.50–2.04];
P
=0.976). There were no differences in the rate of adverse events (3 in the CMR group and 2 in the PVI-alone group;
P
=0.68).

Conclusions:
A pragmatic ablation approach targeting CMR-detected atrial fibrosis plus PVI was not more effective than PVI alone in an unselected population undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation with low fibrosis burden.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02698631.