bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rehabilitation Exergames: Use of Motion Sensing and Machine Learning to Quantify Exercise Performance in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Haghighi Osgouei Reza , Soulsby David , Bello Fernando 
Published: June 2020

Background
Performing physiotherapy exercises in front of a physiotherapist yields qualitative assessment notes and immediate feedback. However, practicing the exercises at home lacks feedback on how well patients are performing the prescribed tasks. The absence of proper feedback might result in patients performing the exercises incorrectly, which could worsen their condition. We present an approach to generate performance scores to enable tracking the progress by both the patient at home and the physiotherapist in the clinic.

Objective
This study aims to propose the use of 2 machine learning algorithms, dynamic time warping (DTW) and hidden Markov model (HMM), to quantitatively assess the patient’s performance with respect to a reference.

Methods
Movement data were recorded using a motion sensor (Kinect V2), capable of detecting 25 joints in the human skeleton model, and were compared with those of a reference. A total of 16 participants were recruited to perform 4 different exercises: shoulder abduction, hip abduction, lunge, and sit-to-stand exercises. Their performance was compared with that of a physiotherapist as a reference.

Results
Both algorithms showed a similar trend in assessing participant performance. However, their sensitivity levels were different. Although DTW was more sensitive to small changes, HMM captured a general view of the performance, being less sensitive to the details.

Conclusions
The chosen algorithms demonstrated their capacity to objectively assess the performance of physical therapy. HMM may be more suitable in the early stages of a physiotherapy program to capture and report general performance, whereas DTW could be used later to focus on the details. The scores enable the patient to monitor their daily performance. They can also be reported back to the physiotherapist to track and assess patient progress, provide feedback, and adjust the exercise program if needed.
MICROPROPAGATION OF AN ENDANGERED AND ENDEMIC MEDICINAL PLANT CAYRATIA PEDATA VAR. GLABRA
Authors: S SHARMILA , EK RAMYA , S MOWNIKA , SM DHIVYA 
Published: June 2020

Objective: The objective of the present study was to develop standardization protocol for the successful in vitro mass propagation of Cayratia pedata var. glabra through leaf and stem explants, since it is a rare, endangered, and endemic medicinal plant using biotechnological involvements and to conserve this endangered species.
Methods: The application of biotechnological principles for the establishment of micropropagation under in vitro conditions has been studied by following the methods. The explants, namely, leaf and stem harvested from in vivo plants were thoroughly washed and properly sterilized with sterilients. The explants were transferred to Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with growth regulators 6-benzyladenine (BAP) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) in the concentration range of 0.5–3.0 mg/l which were tested for callus induction and morphogenesis. The elongated shoots were transferred to MS medium supplemented with NAA at different concentrations for root induction.
Results: The explants collected from the field (shola) were treated in different steriliants with various concentrations at different time for sterilization. Among the various combinations tried, the Teepol treatment for 10 min followed by bavistin 20 min, antibiotics, namely, ampicillin and rifampicin for 20 min, 70% alcohol for 30 s, and 0.12 % HgCl2 for 3 min was found to be effective. The explants were cultured in MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of BAP and NAA. The results noted that an increase in the concentration of BAP concomitantly reduced the frequency of callus formation. The maximum callusing frequency and more number of shoot formation was observed in the lower concentration of BAP (0.5 mg/l) in combination with NAA (0.2 mg/l). The callus obtained from all the above combinations was sub-cultured on MS medium with same combinations of BAP and NAA. The maximum frequency of root formation in leaf callus was 85% and 75% in stem callus and both were achieved on MS medium with NAA (1 mg/l) after 2 weeks.
Conclusions: The current investigation provides a competent in vitro propagation method for C. pedata var. glabra which could be commercialized for developing identical plants with high-quality mass multiplication rate and for better conservation of the germplasm. Both the methods described here are well suited for the mass multiplication of this critically endangered and endemic climber species.
NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF AMARANTHUS TRICOLOR LEAVES ON EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS
Authors: BALA VIDHAN CHAND , ABID MOHD 
Published: June 2020

Objective: The research work deals with the screening of hydroalcoholic extract of Amaranthus tricolor (HAEATL) leaves for central nervous system activity (anti-stress, nootropic, and anti-cataleptic activity).
Methods: The screening of scopolamine and different model-induced neurodisorder rats were treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight dose of hydroalcoholic extract of A. tricolor lives in 7 days’ experimental schedule. It has been reported that the antioxidant, hepatoprotective, hematological, and antimicrobial activities.
Results: The result of the study reflected that HAEATL (200 and 400 mg/kg) was effective in all methods and showed anti-stress, nootropic, and anti-cataleptic activity in a dose-dependent manner. The results are represented that the HAEATL produce the significant decreased the swimming time, increased the anoxia time, decreased level of biochemical parameters such as glucose and cholesterol except blood urea nitrogen, decreased level of white blood cell and red blood cell, and more significantly decreased the catalepsies score on 7th day compared to the control group.
Conclusion: The above valuable animal study, we concluded that the HAEATL showing significantly affect compeer to the disease control group on neuroprotective activity.
CHARACTERISTICS OF FISHBALL ON VARIOUS CONCENTRATION OF CARRAGEENAN FROM DIFFERENT HARVEST TIME OF KAPPAPHYCUS ALVAREZII
Authors: NOOR ASIKIN ANDI , KUSUMANINGRUM INDRATI , HIDAYAT TAUFIK 
Published: June 2020

Objective: This paper investigates the effect of carrageenan from various harvest times on fishball characteristics. The harvest time consists of three different periods (40 days, 45 days, and 50 days) from Bontang Coastal, East Kalimantan, Indonesia.
Methods: The carrageenan fortified to fishball used two concentrations that were 0.25% and 0.5%.The proximate analysis, including moisture, ash, protein, fat, and carbohydrate, showed significantly different (p < 0.05). The texture analysis showed that there was significantly different (p > 0.05).
Results: The fishball adding carrageenan from different harvest time of seaweed also had a significantly different of sulfate content and crude fiber content (p < 0.05). The lowest water activity obtained on the fishballs adding 0.25% carrageenan from 50 days ages harvested.
Conclusions: In this research, the fishball adding 0.25 carrageenan from 50 days ages was the best treatments based on the highest of protein content and the lowest of water activity.
A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY ON DRUG UTILIZATION PATTERN OF POISONING CASES ADMITTED IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: SASIDHARAN PRASANAND 
Published: June 2020

Objective: Poisoning with suicidal intention is a serious health issue among adults. Poisoning, as an emergency, is more common in India due to the easy availability of poisons, increased use of chemicals in industrial and domestic purposes. The objective of the study is to evaluate the nature of poisoning cases and the drug utilization pattern of poisoning cases.
Methods: A medical record-based retrospective data collection was conducted over a period of 21/2 years. Each prescription was analyzed by the demographic profile, the manner of poisoning (accidental or suicidal), the number of pharmacological agents causing poisoning, and type or name of the pharmacological agent responsible for the poisoning.
Results: Among 127 total patients, 113 cases were suicidal. Systemic poisons (47.24%) were more consumed in our study, among which benzodiazepines (16.54%) being the most common sub-class ingested. Of the 862 medications prescribed, normal saline (38.97%) was the most commonly infused intravenous fluid. Gastric lavage (38.1%) has been the most frequently used general measures. Injection pantoprazole (50.6%) was the commonly prescribed anti-ulcer drug. The most commonly used analgesic (47.83%) was paracetamol, antimicrobial agent was cefotaxime (25%), Vitamin and minerals were Vitamin B complex (68%), steroid was hydrocortisone (76%), and antidote was atropine (37.5%).
Conclusion: The magnitude of poisoning was high for suicidal purposes, in the young age group and in females. Intravenous fluids and general measures were the mainstay of the management of poisoned cases. Educational programs with an emphasis on preventive measures for toxic exposures are necessary to create awareness and to construct preventive strategies. Suggestions like poisoning centers in tertiary care hospitals will also help decrease morbidity and mortality.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF CREAMS CONTAINING CELECOXIB INCLUSIONS FOR TREATING PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS
Authors: RANI N ROOPA , B SUDHARSHAN , REDDY G SHIVA PULLA , IRIVENTI PADMINI 
Published: June 2020

Objective: The main objective of the present work was to prepare and evaluate creams of celecoxib inclusions which are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug to treat psoriatic arthritis.
Methods: Celecoxib inclusions were prepared using β-cyclodextrin to increase the solubility. These inclusions were incorporated in creams. Cocoa butter, triethanolamine, stearic acid, methylparaben, gum acacia, and coconut oil were used in cream preparation. Fourier transform infrared and differential scanning calorimetry studies were carried out for pure celecoxib and inclusions. Viscosity, pH, homogeneity, and type of emulsion under dye test were evaluation parameters done for creams.
Results: All the results obtained were within the limits and confirmed increased solubility of celecoxib inclusions.
Conclusion: From the results obtained, increase in solubility of celecoxib drug was confirmed by forming inclusions using β-CD as polymer.
1007-P: Clinical Evaluation of Multivariable Automated Insulin Delivery
Authors: RASHID MUDASSIR , SEVIL MERT , HOBBS NICOLE , HAJIZADEH IMAN , ASKARI MOHAMMAD REZA , BRANDT RACHEL , PARK MINSUN , QUINN LAURIE T. , CINAR ALI 
Published: June 2020

Background: Multivariable artificial pancreas (mAP) systems are developed to supplement the continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data with physiological measurements from wearable devices and automatically incorporate physical activity information in proactive insulin dose decisions. The wearable devices incorporated into mAP systems collect data in real-time to determine the type and intensity of the physical activity without requiring manual entries. As the first mAP, our multivariable Automated Insulin Delivery (mAID) system does not require user input for meals or exercise. In silico studies and clinical experiments have shown improvement in glycemic control with mAID during unannounced physical activity compared to the glucose-only AP systems.
Methods: mAID is evaluated in three clinical experiments, with one experiment conducted in a crossover fashion where the glucose-only AP is compared with the mAID. The experiments involved two subjects (1 male and 1 female) with T1DM, age 35 - 45 years, bodyweight 70 - 110 kg, total daily insulin of 35 - 80 U, and insulin-to-carb ratio 6.5 - 7 g/U. The experiments included meals and medium-intensity exercises (treadmill run and stationary bike) without any announcements to the system. The target glycemic range was [70, 180] mg/dL.
Results: The mAID system regulated glycemia more effectively, than the glucose-only AP, which had 13.33% of time spend below 70 mg/dL and 86.67% of time spent in the target range, with a significant 55 g of rescue carbs given to avert impending low glucose. The mAID system resulted in all time spent in the target range for the same subject. Across the closed-loop experiments, subjects spent a total of 87.69% of time in the target range.
Conclusions: The mAID system supplements the CGM data with real-time physiological data to automatically handle physical activity and maintain tight glycemic control.

Disclosure
M. Rashid: None. M. Sevil: None. N. Hobbs: None. I. Hajizadeh: None. M. Askari: None. R. Brandt: None. M. Park: None. L.T. Quinn: None. A. Cinar: Research Support; Self; Dexcom, Inc., JDRF. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Insulet Corporation, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk A/S, Tandem Diabetes Care.

Funding
National Institutes of Health (1DP3DK101075-01, 1DP3DK101077-01); JDRF (A18-0036-001)
101-OR: ADA Screening Guidelines and Racial Differences in Detection of Prediabetes and Diabetes in the U.S.: NHANES, 2011-2016
Authors: LEE ALEXANDRA K. , GUJRAL UNJALI , ALI MOHAMMED K. , KANDULA NAMRATHA R. , KANAYA ALKA M. 
Published: June 2020

More than 40% of diabetes (DM) is undetected in Asian Americans. The ADA recommends glucose testing for Asian Americans at BMI≥23 kg/m2 and BMI≥25 for all others. However, if clinicians screen using BMI cutpoints, they may miss a substantial number of cases. We used the National Health Examination and Nutrition Surveys (NHANES) 2011-2016 and examined young adults (aged 20-44) without self-reported DM. We estimated for each race/ethnic group: a) the total prevalence of undetected prediabetes and DM using all three glucose tests (fasting plasma glucose [FPG] ≥100 mg/dl, 2-hour glucose ≥140 mg/dl, HbA1c ≥5.7%), b) the prevalence of undetected prediabetes and DM when only persons meeting ADA screening criteria (BMI criterion plus one additional risk factor for whites) are tested using FPG and HbA1c, c) the prevalence from (b) but removing BMI from ADA criteria. The total prevalence of undetected prediabetes and DM ranged from 35% in whites to 47% in Hispanics. Using ADA criteria and only FPG and HbA1c, prevalence was 17% in whites, 25% in Asians, 35% in blacks, and 36% in Hispanics. Dropping the BMI criterion, prevalence was 20% in whites, 35% in Asians, 42% in blacks, and 43% in Hispanics. Removing the BMI criterion for screening improved detection of prediabetes and DM to a greater extent in Asians vs. others; the more stringent criteria and use of FPG and HbA1c were associated with lower detection in whites.

Disclosure
A.K. Lee: None. U. Gujral: None. M.K. Ali: Research Support; Self; Merck & Co., Inc. N.R. Kandula: None. A.M. Kanaya: None.

Funding
National Institutes of Health (T32AG000212)
1011-P: Effect of Fluctuating Temperature on Pump Delivery
Authors: GIRARDOT SYLVAIN , JACQUEMIER PAULINE , MOUSIN FLAVIEN , RENDEKEU CARINE , HARDY SÉBASTIEN , RIVELINE JEAN-PIERRE 
Published: June 2020

Background: Accuracy of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) is essential for glycaemic control. Our study presents results of accuracy assessment of three off-the-shelves CSII under fluctuating temperature at 0,5UI/h.
Methods: CSII systems accuracy was assessed by a double measurement approach utilizing a direct mass flow meter and a time-stamped micro-gravimetric test bench combined with a Kalman mathematical filter. CSII was placed inside a chamber of fluctuating temperature: 8h-tests were composed of successions of 1h at 32°C, 1h at 5°C, and compared to 8-hour tests at a 22°C fixed temperature. Accuracy was evaluated using mean of dose error. Mean absolute relative dispersion (MARD) of error was also computed for 15min time-windows. Stroke regularity was assessed in terms of frequency and volume. Tests were conducted both with insulin and medical water.
Results: Delivery errors follow temperature profile. MARD of error is significantly higher with fluctuating temperature (85.2%, 44.4%, 20.4% according to each of the 3 CSII pump models) vs. fixed temperature (13.3%, 9.5%, 12.7%). No difference was observed between insulin and medical water. Stroke volume is affected by temperature changes rather than stroke frequency.
Conclusion: Temperature and its fluctuations may affect the accuracy and amounts of insulin delivered by CSII. The clinical impact of the difference in insulin intake requires clinical investigations.

Disclosure
S. Girardot: Employee; Self; Air Liquide. Employee; Spouse/Partner; Air Liquide. P. Jacquemier: Employee; Self; Air Liquide. F. Mousin: Employee; Self; Air Liquide. C. Rendekeu: Employee; Self; Air Liquide. S. Hardy: None. J. Riveline: None.
1013-P: Modification of Inflammatory and Alzheimer Markers with Intracellular Delivery of Insulin Using Cholestosomes
Authors: MCCOURT MARY , MIELNICKI LAWRENCE , HUGHES JULIE , IRVING MARY Q. , SCHENTAG JEROME , GHANIM HUSAM , DANDONA PARESH 
Published: June 2020

The importance of glucose metabolic changes and inflammatory responses to these changes connect diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The role intracellular insulin may have in this process could provide for alternative therapeutic approaches. In this study a novel cholesteryl ester based vesicle called a CholestosomeTM, that encapsulates payloads at a high drug to lipid ratio has been used to study the effect of intracellular delivery of insulin on the expression of AD and inflammatory markers in neural cell lines. CholestosomeTM-encapsulated molecules, including insulin, have been delivered to a number of different cell types in vitro and in vivo. Prior studies in rodents have shown the potential for oral delivery of insulin using cholestosomeTM technology with a high tissue to plasma ratio in several tissues, including brain. The present study measured the relative expression of AD (APP, BACE, presenilin 1 and 2, clusterin and GSK3B) and inflammatory (MMP-9, TLR-4, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha) markers determined after delivery of Insulin (I) and CholestosomeTM encapsulated insulin (CHI) to several neural cell lines. In this preliminary comparative study the impact of insulin (I) versus CHI on RNA expression of these markers differed depending on neural subtype and marker type.

Disclosure
M. McCourt: None. L. Mielnicki: None. J. Hughes: None. M.Q. Irving: None. J. Schentag: Stock/Shareholder; Self; TheraSyn. H. Ghanim: None. P. Dandona: Research Support; Self; JDRF. Speaker’s Bureau; Self; AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk Inc.
1023-P: Dose Titration and Clinical Effects of Inhaled Technosphere Insulin Compared with Mealtime Subcutaneous (SC) Analog Insulin Therapy in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)
Authors: KENDALL DAVID M. , MANOUKIAN JONATHAN , KRUEGER JOHN A. , JONES MARISA , ABANIEL RICHARD , MOREY PATRICK M. , GRANT MARSHALL L. , HOOGWERF BYRON J. 
Published: June 2020

Insulin dosing has been a clinical challenge since the introduction of “islet extract” in the 1920’s. Route of administration, insulin preparation and peptide modifications alter clinical effects. With newer insulins, patients and clinicians must clearly understand effective dosing. Technosphere Insulin (TI) is a dry-powder formulation of recombinant human insulin adsorbed onto Technosphere microparticles administered by pulmonary inhalation. TI cartridges are labeled as insulin “units” (4, 8, 12 unit cartridges). With proper dose titration, TI achieves comparable glucose control, improves mealtime glucose, and lowers hypoglycemia risk vs. insulin analogs in T1D.
Methods: These analyses compare doses of TI achieved after active titration in 4 randomized trials in individuals with T1D. The ratio of TI inhalation units (based on labeled cartridge content) to SC prandial analog in the comparator group was calculated for each trial at study endpoint.
Results:

Conclusion: The current analyses across 4 unique studies support the titration of individual patients to TI doses that are approximately 1.3 - 2.5x those of their comparable SC analog insulin doses. These data show that greater “unit doses” of TI should be used to achieve glycemic control in T1D and thus, insulins should be dosed based on glycemic responses rather than “insulin units.”

Disclosure
D.M. Kendall: Employee; Self; MannKind Corporation. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. J. Manoukian: Employee; Self; MannKind Corporation. J.A. Krueger: Employee; Self; MannKind Corporation. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, MannKind Corporation. M. Jones: Employee; Self; MannKind Corporation. R. Abaniel: None. P.M. Morey: Employee; Self; MannKind Corporation. M.L. Grant: Employee; Self; MannKind Corporation. Stock/Shareholder; Self; MannKind Corporation. B.J. Hoogwerf: Consultant; Self; MannKind Corporation. Employee; Spouse/Partner; MannKind Corporation. Stock/Shareholder; Spouse/Partner; Eli Lilly and Company. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Eli Lilly and Company.
1031-P: Comparison of Two Approaches to Basal Insulin Management for Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Flying across Multiple Time Zones
Authors: AXELROD CEARA , CASTORINO KRISTIN N. , BEVIER WENDY C. , HAROUSH GAL , FARFAN CHRISTIAN C. , MEFFORD MIKAYLA R. , NELSON KRISTEN , SPINK LISA A. , KERR DAVID 
Published: June 2020

For people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using multiple daily insulin injections (MDI), we previously reported that maintaining optimal glucose control whilst travelling across multiple time zones is challenging. The aim of this pilot study was to compare flexibly-dosed U100 insulin degludec (DEG) with a structured pre-flight dose algorithm for U100 insulin glargine (GLA) in adults with T1D flying &gt;6 hours. Beginning in Honolulu (HI, UTC -10), subjects flew eastward non-stop for 9.5 hours to New York (NY, UTC -5). After 72 hours in NY, subjects returned to HI (11 hour flight) staying up to 72 hours. After 2 weeks, they switched to the other insulin and repeated the travel. The primary endpoint was inflight Time in Range (TIR, 70-140 mg/dl) using blinded continuous glucose monitoring (CGM-Abbott Freestyle Libre Pro) during eastward and westward travel. Secondary end-points included time above and below range and glycemic variability (coefficient of variation [CV]). Between insulin comparisons were made using Pearson N1 chi-square tests for proportions, mean glucose via two-tailed independent t-tests and glycemic variability via two-sample F-tests. Twenty subjects, (60% female, age 34.9 ± 15.2 [mean ±SD] years, HbA1c 7.5 ± 1.2%) completed the study. Insulin doses during travel were similar (23.0 ± 11.4 for GLA and 21.8 ± 12.0 units for DEG). Overall, mean glucose on GLA was 148.0 ± 73.8 mg/dL (CV 50%) versus 158.5 ± 76.7 mg/dL (CV 48%) on DEG, p=0.01. While aggregate TIR was greater on GLA (44% versus 38% with DEG), there was less hypoglycemia &lt;70 mg/dL on DEG (p&lt;0.01). Significantly less time was also spent below &lt;60 (p&lt;0.01) and &gt;250 mg/dL (p&lt;0.01) during eastward travel and &lt;70 (p&lt;0.01) during westward travel on DEG. Inflight CV on DEG was also less during both eastward (43% vs. 49%, p&lt;0.01) and westward (38% vs. 51%, p&lt;0.0001) travel.
In conclusion, for adults with T1D undertaking long-haul travel, DEG use was associated with less disruption to glucose control compared to GLA.

Disclosure
C. Axelrod: None. K.N. Castorino: Research Support; Self; Abbott, Dexcom, Inc., Medtronic, Mylan, Novo Nordisk Inc. W.C. Bevier: None. G. Haroush: None. C.C. Farfan: None. M.R. Mefford: None. K. Nelson: None. L.A. Spink: None. D. Kerr: Advisory Panel; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi-Aventis. Research Support; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Glooko, Inc.

Funding
Novo Nordisk