bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coffee‐ring‐effect‐induced water scale formation of silicic acid‐containing droplet
Authors: Hayashi Shogo , Kobayashi Tomoki , Saito Noritaka , Nakashima Kunihiko 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe drying behavior of silicic acid‐containing water droplets on a glass substrate was investigated by using as‐prepared aqueous silica solutions of varying concentrations to simulate water scale‐like formation. The droplets of aqueous silica solution were found to form circumferential solid silica deposits (water scale). Additionally, the drying behavior of the silica droplets was observed under varying temperature and humidity. Optical microscopy images of the deposited material showed thicker deposits in the inner part of the circumference, indicating the so‐called rush‐hour effect and induced by the coffee‐ring effect. Thus, the formation of water scale observed in daily life can be attributed to the coffee‐ring effect. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the as‐prepared water scale consisted of polymerized silica spheres. The hardness of the water scale depended on the amount of silica deposited and the initial concentration of the silica solution. Thus, the formation of water scale in daily life was concluded to occur by two mechanisms: formation of silica spheres by silica polymerization and agglomeration‐deposition by the coffee‐ring effect.
Solution‐Based, Anion‐Doping of Li4Ti5O12 Nanoflowers for Lithium‐Ion Battery Applications
Authors: Salvatore Kenna L. , Lutz Diana M. , Guo Haoyue , Yue Shiyu , Gan Joceline , Tong Xiao , Liu Ping , Takeuchi Esther S. , Takeuchi Kenneth J. , Marschilok Amy C. , Wong Stanislaus S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSolution‐based, anionic doping represents a convenient strategy with which to improve upon the conductivity of candidate anode materials such as Li4Ti5O12 (LTO). As such, novel synthetic hydrothermally‐inspired protocols have primarily been devised herein, aimed at the large‐scale production of unique halogen‐doped, micron‐scale, three‐dimensional, hierarchical LTO flower‐like motifs. Although fluorine (F) doping has been explored, the use of chlorine (Cl) dopants is the primary focus here. Several experimental variables, such as dopant amount, lithium hydroxide concentration, and titanium butoxide purity, were probed and perfected. Furthermore, the Cl doping process did not damage the intrinsic LTO morphology. The analysis, based on interpreting a compilation of SEM, XRD, XPS, and TEM‐EDS results, was used to determine an optimized dopant concentration of Cl. Electrochemical tests demonstrated an increased capacity via cycling of 12 % for a Cl‐doped sample as compared with pristine LTO. Moreover, the Cl‐doped LTO sample described in this study exhibited the highest discharge capacity yet reported at an observed rate of 2C for this material at 143mAh g−1. Overall, these data suggest that the Cl dopant likely enhances not only the ion transport capabilities, but also the overall electrical conductivity of our as‐prepared structures. To help explain these favorable findings, theoretical DFT calculations were used to postulate that the electronic conductivity and Li diffusion were likely improved by the presence of increased Ti3+ ion concentration coupled with widening of the Li migration channel.
Cl2 Adsorption and Desorption over Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Materials as an Indicator for Catalytic Phosgene Formation
Authors: Bähr Alexander , Diedenhoven Jelka , Tüysüz Harun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe presented work evaluates the implementation of adsorption and desorption experiments with Cl2 over carbon materials towards the development of more active and stable catalysts for industrial phosgene synthesis. By using a soft templating method as a tool, ordered mesoporous carbon materials with tunable porosity, surface area, and degree of graphitization were synthesized and utilized as model system. The Cl2 adsorption/desorption properties of these materials were studied and compared to commercial activated carbon. To draw correlations between Cl2 adsorption/desorption behavior and catalytic performance, the materials were further tested in the phosgene formation in a plug flow reactor. However, the chemical reaction of Cl2 with carbon during the adsorption/desorption experiment hinders a direct correlation.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Annulation of 1‐Hydroxy‐o‐Carborane with Internal Alkynes: Facile Synthesis of Carborane‐Fused Oxaboroles†
Authors: Cheng Ruofei , Qiu Zaozao , Xie Zuowei 
Published: June 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionA palladium catalyzed oxidative annulation of 1‐hydroxy‐o‐carborane with internal alkynes via regioselective B(3)—H bond activation has been developed for facile synthesis of a series of C,B‐substituted carborane‐fused oxaboroles. These molecules can undergo intramolecular oxidative dehydrogenative coupling to afford carborane‐fused large π systems for potential applications in organic materials. The reaction mechanism is also proposed, involving hydroxy deprotonation, nucleopalladation of alkyne, regioselective electrophilic B—H substitution and reductive elimination.
An In Vitro Microneutralization Assay for SARS‐CoV‐2 Serology and Drug Screening
Authors: Amanat Fatima , White Kris M. , Miorin Lisa , Strohmeier Shirin , McMahon Meagan , Meade Philip , Liu Wen‐Chun , Albrecht Randy A. , Simon Viviana , Martinez‐Sobrido Luis , Moran Thomas , García‐Sastre Adolfo , Krammer Florian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) emerged in the city of Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in late 2019. Since then, the virus has spread globally and caused a pandemic. Assays that can measure the antiviral activity of antibodies or antiviral compounds are needed for SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine and drug development. Here, we describe in detail a microneutralization assay, which can be used to assess in a quantitative manner if antibodies or drugs can block entry and/or replication of SARS‐CoV‐2 in vitro. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Microneutralization assay to test inhibition of virus by antibodies (purified antibodies or serum/plasma)Basic Protocol 2: Screening of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 compounds in vitroSupport Protocol: SARS‐CoV‐2 propagation
Boosting predictive ability of tropical maize hybrids via genotype‐by‐environment interaction under multivariate GBLUP models
Authors: Dalsente Krause Matheus , Dias Kaio Olímpio das Graças , Pedroso Rigal dos Santos Jhonathan , de Oliveira Amanda Avelar , Guimarães Lauro José Moreira , Pastina Maria Marta , Margarido Gabriel Rodrigues Alves , Garcia Antonio Augusto Franco 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGenomic selection has been implemented in several plant and animal breeding programs and it has proven to improve efficiency and maximize genetic gains. Phenotypic data of grain yield was measured in 147 maize (Zea mays L.) single‐cross hybrids at 12 environments. Single‐cross hybrids genotypes were inferred based on their parents (inbred lines) via single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers obtained from genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS). Factor analytic multiplicative genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) models, in the framework of multienvironment trials, were used to predict grain yield performance of unobserved tropical maize single‐cross hybrids. Predictions were performed for two situations: untested hybrids (CV1), and hybrids evaluated in some environments but missing in others (CV2). Models that borrowed information across individuals through genomic relationships and within individuals across environments presented higher predictive accuracy than those models that ignored it. For these models, predictive accuracies were up to 0.4 until eight environments were considered as missing for the validation set, which represents 67% of missing data for a given hybrid. These results highlight the importance of including genotype‐by‐environment interactions and genomic relationship information for boosting predictions of tropical maize single‐cross hybrids for grain yield.
Sustainability performance indicators: Definition, interaction, and influence of contextual characteristics
Authors: López‐Arceiz Francisco J. , Del Río Cristina , Bellostas Ana J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFinancial markets and investors are pushing modern firms to increase their commitment to sustainable development. Corporate sustainability refers to processes that develop from normative traditions, ethical roots, and stakeholder attitudes in such organizations. These processes require that we define suitable sustainability indicators and other measurement instruments. Therefore, this study analyzes the influence of cultural and legal contextual characteristics on the design and internal workings of such indicators. The results show that sustainability measurements are indeed shaped by cultural and legal factors. However, no unique pattern can be identified. Thus, what emerges is variation under different cultural contexts and legal systems.
J‐divergence‐based Power Allocation in Wireless Sensor Networks with Distributed Detection under Correlated Noises
Authors: Mohajeran Seyed Ali , Abed Hodtani Ghosheh 
Published: June 2020

SummaryIn this paper, the power allocation problem in a wireless sensor network (WSN) with binary distributed detection is considered. It is assumed that the sensors independently transmit their local decisions to a fusion center (FC) through a slow fading orthogonal multiple access channel (OMAC), where, in every channel, the interferences from other devices are considered as correlated noises. In this channel, the associated power allocation optimization problem with equal power constraint is established between statistical distributions under different hypotheses by using the Jeffrey divergence (J‐divergence) as a performance criterion. It is shown that this criterion for the power allocation problem is more efficient compared to other criteria such as mean square error (MSE). Moreover, several numerical simulations and examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
White‐tailed deer neonate survival in the absence of predators
Authors: Dion Justin R. , Haus Jacob M. , Rogerson Joseph E. , Bowman Jacob L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSeveral factors influence neonate survival rates in white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and an emphasis on predation as the primary limiting factor to neonate recruitment may serve to detract researchers from understanding other influential variables. We estimated survival and cause‐specific mortality of white‐tailed deer neonates in the absence of predators with an emphasis on assessing how birth mass, dam maturity, and weather covariates affect neonate survival. Additionally, we examined the influence of capture method (opportunistic searches vs. vaginal implant transmitter; VIT) on survival estimates. We captured 109 neonates using opportunistic capture (n = 55) and VITs (n = 54) in Sussex County, Delaware, USA, during 2016 and 2017. There are no established predator populations (i.e., black bear, bobcat, and coyote) within the study area. We observed greater 90‐d survival rates in opportunistically captured neonates (0.69, 95% CI = 0.55–0.87) compared to VIT‐captured neonates (0.44, 95% CI = 0.34–0.61), a difference driven by inobservance of early‐life mortality events among neonates captured opportunistically. Natural causes excluding predation (e.g., disease, emaciation, and birth defects) accounted for all observed mortality (n = 42). Mortality related to disease, emaciation, and birth defects typically occurred in the first 7 d of life and was underrepresented in the opportunistically captured sample. Birth mass, dam age class, and precipitation influenced neonate mortality risk within the first 7 d of life, but no variables were associated with survival from 8 to 28 d of life. Non‐predation‐related mortality causes in our study area resulted in survival rates comparable to regions with established predator communities. Non‐predation‐related mortality may be the ultimate driving factor controlling neonatal survival in other regions but can be obfuscated by more proximal mortality sources, such as predation.
Elevated N‐terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide among persons living with HIV in a South African peri‐urban township
Authors: Peterson Tess E. , Baker Jason V. , Wong Lye‐Yeng , Rupert Adam , Ntusi Ntobeko A. B. , Esmail Hanif , Wilkinson Robert , Sereti Irini , Meintjes Graeme , Ntsekhe Mpiko , Thienemann Friedrich 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsEfforts to improve access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) have shifted morbidity and mortality among persons living with HIV (PLWH) from AIDS to non‐communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, contemporary data on CVD among PLWH in sub‐Saharan Africa in the current ART era are lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the burden of cardiac stress among PLWH in South Africa via measurement of N‐terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP).Methods and resultsNT‐proBNP was measured at baseline in 224 PLWH enrolled in a sub‐study of a tuberculosis vaccine trial in Khayelitsha township near Cape Town, South Africa. Thresholds were applied at the assay's limit of detection (≥137 pg/mL) and a level indicative of symptomatic heart failure in the acute setting (>300 pg/mL).Mean (SD) age of participants was 39 (6) years, 86% were female, and 19% were hypertensive. Mean (SD) duration of HIV diagnosis was 8.3 (3.9) years and CD4 + count was 673 (267) with 79% prescribed ART for a duration of 5.6 (2.7) years. Thirty‐one percent of participants had NT‐proBNP > 300 pg/mL. Elevated vs. undetectable NT‐proBNP level was associated with older age (P = 0.04), no ART (P = 0.03), and higher plasma tumour necrosis factor‐α (P = 0.01).ConclusionsAmong South African PLWH largely free of known CVD and on ART with high CD4 + counts and few comorbidities, we observed a high proportion with elevated NT‐proBNP levels, suggesting the burden of cardiac stress in this population may be high. This observation underscores the need for more in‐depth research, including the current effect of HIV on heart failure risk among a growing ART‐treated population in sub‐Saharan Africa.
White matter lesions and temporal atrophy are associated with cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with hypertension and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: García‐Alberca José María , Mendoza Silvia , Gris Esther , Royo José Luis , Cruz‐Gamero José Manuel , García‐Casares Natalia 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesAn increasing evidence suggests hypertension (HTN) could be linked to cognitive impairment and incident Alzheimer's disease (AD). The precise mechanisms linking HTN and AD are not well‐known. The aim of this study was to assess the putative association between HTN and AD.MethodsWe assessed in patients with AD associations between HTN and demographic and clinical data, vascular risk factors, treatments, APOE genotypes, brain white matter hyperintensities (WMH), and medial temporal atrophy (MTA) in multivariate analysis of covariance.ResultsWe studied 92 patients with AD (mean ± SD age: 72.12 ± 6.91; women: 66.30%). Patients with HTN had significantly worse cognitive and functional status and higher frequency and severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms (P = .010). Magnetic resonance imaging analyzes showed significant increases in WMH (P = .018) and in MTA (P = .012) in patients with AD with HTN compared with those without HTN.ConclusionsNeuroimaging burden (MTA and higher degree of severity of WMH) among patients with AD and HTN are associated with the impaired cognitive function and neuropsychiatric symptoms.
International consensus on quality indicators for comprehensive assessment of dementia in young adults using a modified e‐Delphi approach
Authors: O'Malley Mary , Parkes Jacqueline , Stamou Vasileios , LaFontaine Jenny , Oyebode Jan , Carter Janet 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo develop guidance for clinicians about essential elements that can support clinical decision‐making in the diagnostic workup of young onset dementia.Methods/designThree iterations of a modified e‐Delphi consensus survey comprising 23 international expert clinicians specialising in diagnosis of young onset dementia.Outcome measuresA priori consensus was pre‐defined as 80% of experts ranking statements in the upper threshold on a seven‐point Likert scale that ranged from “not important at all” to “absolutely essential” to diagnosis.Results80% consensus was reached on 48 statements that were rated as “absolutely essential” or “very important” to a comprehensive assessment of dementia in a younger adult. In order to inform a subsequent audit of clinical records in which compliance with these statements was assessed, the statements were divided into a Minimum Standard, (consisting of the 15 statements voted by all experts as being “absolutely essential” or “very important”) and a Gold Standard where 48 statements were voted by 80% of the experts as being “absolutely essential” or “very important”. The experts’ response rate across the three rounds was 91.3%.ConclusionA Minimum Standard and Gold Standard have been created for the diagnostic workup of young onset dementia. The standards provide a clinically useful tool for decision‐making, particularly for generalists and those with less experience in the field. The standards will be used to inform a UK case note audit of recently diagnosed patients with young onset dementia.
Penn Medicine Head and Neck Cancer Service Line COVID‐19 management guidelines
Authors: Weinstein Gregory S. , Cohen Roger , Lin Alexander , O'Malley Bert W. , Lukens John , Swisher‐McClure Samuel , Shanti Rabie M. , Newman Jason G. , Parhar Harman S. , Tasche Kendall , Brody Robert M. , Chalian Ara , Cannady Steven , Palmer James N. , Adappa Nithin D. , Kohanski Michael A. , Bauml Joshua , Aggarwal Charu , Montone Kathleen , Livolsi Virginia , Baloch Zubair W. , Jalaly Jalal B. , Cooper Kumarasen , Rajasekaran Karthik , Loevner Laurie , Rassekh Christopher 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe COVID‐19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) virus has altered the health care environment for the management of head and neck cancers. The purpose of these guidelines is to provide direction during the pandemic for rational Head and Neck Cancer management in order to achieve a medically and ethically appropriate balance of risks and benefits.MethodsCreation of consensus document.ResultsThe process yielded a consensus statement among a wide range of practitioners involved in the management of patients with head and neck cancer in a multihospital tertiary care health system.ConclusionsThese guidelines support an ethical approach for the management of head and neck cancers during the COVID‐19 epidemic consistent with both the local standard of care as well as the head and neck oncological literature.
Steady MHD mixed convection flow of a viscoelastic fluid over a magnetized convectively heated vertical surface with Hall current and induced magnetic field effects
Authors: Singh Jitendra K. , Shanker Seth Gauri , Vishwanath S. , Rohidas Pratima 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the steady magnetohydrodynamic mixed convection flow of a viscoelastic fluid over a magnetized vertical surface embedded in a uniform porous material with rotation is considered. The Hall and induced magnetic field effects are also considered in this investigation. The regular perturbation technique is used to find the solutions of flow governing equations. To analyze the consequences of flow‐influencing parameters to the flow variables, numerical computation has been performed and the results are illustrated in graphical and tabular forms. It is interesting to note that magnetic diffusion leads to the increase of the fluid flow. It brings a decrement in the induced magnetic field in the vicinity of the magnetized vertical surface.
Insight of the photoluminescence of atomically precise bimetallic nanoclusters with free electrons
Authors: Yang Sha , Zhu Manzhou 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNoble‐metal nanoclusters with emission properties are promising candidtes for cell imaging, biosensing, photo‐therapy applications due to their ultra‐small size, good photostability, and high biocompatibility. It is of great importance to realize the atomic precision of such metal nanoclusters (NCs) because they allow us to investigate the origin of fluorescence at the atomic level. However, compared to quantum dots (QDs) and organic dyes, noble metal nanoclusters usually suffered from low quantum yield, which significantly limited their applications. Doping with other metal atoms is an effective strategy to enhance the fluorescent properties of metal NCs. Therefore, bimetallic nanoclusters possess enhanced emission properties relative to their monometallic counterparts. Although a couple of reviews have existed for bimetallic nanocluster, few of them concern their emissive properties. In this context, the emissive properties of atomically precise bimetallic nanoclusters are summarized in this minireview. Synergistic effect, state of aggregation, assembly, and isomerism on the fluorescence of bimetallic clusters and structure‐photoluminescence property correlations are also discussed.
Affine Mendelsohn triple systems and the Eisenstein integers
Authors: Nowak Alex W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe define a Mendelsohn triple system (MTS) of order coprime with 3, and having multiplication affine over an abelian group, to be affine, nonramified. By exhibiting a one‐to‐one correspondence between isomorphism classes of affine MTS and those of modules over the Eisenstein integers, we solve the isomorphism problem for affine, nonramified MTS and enumerate these isomorphism classes (extending the work of Donovan, Griggs, McCourt, Opršal, and Stanovský). As a consequence, all entropic MTSs of order coprime with 3 and distributive MTS of order coprime with 3 are classified. Partial results on the isomorphism problem for affine MTS with order divisible by 3 are given, and a complete classification is conjectured. We also prove that for any affine MTS, the qualities of being nonramified, pure, and self‐orthogonal are equivalent.
Mechanism behind the paper spray chemical ionization phenomenon and the choice of solvent
Authors: Kim Hyungjun , Lee Hyunwoo , Kum Daesub , Tae Heungsik , Cha Sangwon , Kim Donghwi , Kim Sunghwan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPaper spray chemical ionization (PSCI) combined with mass spectrometry has been proposed as a sensitive method for the analysis of nonpolar aromatic compounds; however, the mechanism behind PSCI is not well understood. In the present study, the evidence for the occurrence of corona discharge is provided and its mechanism is proposed. Photographs taken with a highly sensitive camera evidently demonstrate the occurrence of corona discharge at the end of the triangular shape tip when a nonpolar solvent such as hexane was used at an applied potential of 6–7 kV. Nevertheless, corona discharge was not observed in the presence of a polar solvent. The occurrence of the corona discharge was attributed to charge accumulation in the dielectric layer generated by the nonpolar solvent on the fibers of the paper tip. Specifically, corona discharge was generated at the tip end when the charge approached a critical threshold. In the presence of a polar solvent, however, the dielectric layer was not generated and, hence, corona discharge was not observed. Based on this information, three nonpolar solvents were selected and their sensitivity for analyzing the phenanthrene and maltene fractions of crude oil was evaluated. Chlorobenzene provided the highest signal abundance; therefore, it was suggested as the optimum solvent for PSCI. Notably, the fundamental understanding of corona discharge in PSCI acquired in this study provides a basis for further improvement of this technique by way of surface modification.