bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coexistence of plastic and partially diffusive phases in a helium-methane compound
Authors: Gao Hao , Liu Cong , Hermann Andreas , Needs Richard J , Pickard Chris J , Wang Hui-Tian , Xing Dingyu , Sun Jian 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Helium and methane are major components of giant icy planets and are abundant in the universe. However, helium is the most inert element in the periodic table and methane is one of the most hydrophobic molecules, thus whether they can react with each other is of fundamental importance. Here, our crystal structure searches and first-principles calculations predict that a He3CH4 compound is stable over a wide range of pressures from 55 to 155 GPa and a HeCH4 compound becomes stable around 105 GPa. As nice examples of pure van der Waals crystals, the insertion of helium atoms changes the original packing of pure methane molecules and also largely hinders the polymerization of methane at higher pressures. After analyzing the diffusive properties during the melting of He3CH4 at high pressure and high temperature, in addition to a plastic methane phase, we have discovered an unusual phase which exhibits coexistence of diffusive helium and plastic methane. In addition, the range of the diffusive behavior within the helium-methane phase diagram is found to be much narrower compared to that of previously predicted helium-water compounds. This may be due to the weaker van der Waals interactions between methane molecules compared to those in helium-water compounds, and that the helium-methane compound melts more easily.
Lipidated poly(amino acid) nanostructures as versatile therapeutic delivery vehicles
Authors: Smith Josiah D. , Cardwell Leah N. , Porciani David , Greenwald Andrew J. , Ellis Aiden C. , Schulte Megan C. , Wang Xiaofei , Schoenherr Evan T. , Seim Gracen F. , Anderson Joe E. , Nguyen Julie A. , Tata Rama R. , Lange Margaret J. , Burke Donald H. , Daniels Mark A. , Ulery Bret D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPoly(amino acid)s are a diverse and capable class of polymers with significant potential for utilization in a wide variety of drug delivery applications. A sub-class of these biomaterials known as lipidated poly(amino acid)s (LPAAs) are amphiphiles composed of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains yielding interesting physical properties. In this article, we describe our efforts in developing a novel class of lysine and valine containing LPAAs synthesized via hexadecylamine initiated N-carboxyanhydride ring-opening polymerization (NCA-ROP). These highly hydrophobic LPAAs were found capable of undergoing hydrophobically-driven self-assembly into small nanostructures as well as being forced into larger nanostructures using a novel dump-and-stir nanoprecipitation process. This process yielded fine control over resulting nanoparticle size and cargo entrapment. Furthermore, cell-targeting DNA aptamer modification of doxorubicin-loaded LPAA nanoparticles induced significant death of co-incubated Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma cells providing exciting evidence of the therapeutic potential of this novel biomaterials-based delivery device.
An Arabidopsis gene expression predictor enables inference of transcriptional regulators
Authors: Geng Haiying , Wang Meng , Gong Jiazhen , Xu Yupu , Ma Shisong 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTGene expression regulation by transcription factors (TF) has long been studied, but no model exists yet that can accurately predict transcriptome profiles based on TF activities. We have constructed a universal predictor for Arabidopsis to predict the expression of 28192 non-TF genes using 1678 TFs. Applied to bulk RNA-Seq samples from diverse tissues, the predictor produced accurate predicted transcriptomes correlating well with actual expression, with average correlation coefficient of 0.986. Having recapitulated the quantitative relationships between TFs and target genes, the predictor further enabled downstream inference of TF regulators for genes and pathways, i.e. those involved in suberin, flavonoid, glucosinolate metabolism, lateral root, xylem, secondary cell wall development, and endoplasmic reticulum stress response. Our predictor provides an innovative approach to study transcriptional regulation.
Identifying the spatial and temporal dynamics of molecularly-distinct glioblastoma sub-populations
Authors: Morris Bethan , Curtin Lee , Hawkins-Daarud Andrea , Hubbard Matthew E. , Rahman Ruman , Smith Stuart J. , Auer Dorothee , Tran Nhan L. , Hu Leland S. , Eschbacher Jennifer M. , Smith Kris A. , Stokes Ashley , Swanson Kristin R. , Owen Markus R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGlioblastomas (GBMs) are the most aggressive primary brain tumours and have no known cure. Each individual tumour comprises multiple sub-populations of genetically-distinct cells that may respond differently to targeted therapies and may contribute to disappointing clinical trial results. Image-localized biopsy techniques allow multiple biopsies to be taken during surgery and provide information that identifies regions where particular sub-populations occur within an individual GBM, thus providing insight into their regional genetic variability. These sub-populations may also interact with one another through a competitive or cooperative nature; it is important to ascertain the nature of these interactions, as they may have implications for responses to targeted therapies. We combine genetic information from biopsies with a mechanistic model of interacting GBM sub-populations to characterise the nature of interactions between two commonly occurring GBM sub-populations, those with EGFR and PDGFRA genes amplified. We study population levels found across image-localized biopsy data from a cohort of 25 patients and compare this to model outputs under competitive, cooperative and neutral interaction assumptions. We explore other factors affecting the observed simulated sub-populations, such as selection advantages and phylogenetic ordering of mutations, which may also contribute to the levels of EGFR and PDGFRA amplified populations observed in biopsy data.
Effect of pulsed electric fields and high pressure on improved recovery of high‐added‐value compounds from olive pomace
Authors: Andreou Varvara , Psarianos Marios , Dimopoulos George , Tsimogiannis Dimitrios , Taoukis Petros 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOlive pomace is considered a solid by‐product and a rich source of valuable compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids with antioxidant properties, and proteins. Nonthermal technologies, which cause alterations to cell permeability, are being explored to assist conventional recovery techniques. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of pulsed electric fields (PEF) and high pressure (HP) on improved recovery yield of the high‐added‐value compounds or to shorten the extraction time of these compounds. Olive pomace (Tsounati cv) was pretreated with PEF (1.0 to 6.5 kV/cm, 0.9 to 51.1 kJ/kg, and 15 µs pulse width) or HP (200 to 600 MPa and 0 to 40 min). Evaluation of the intracellular compounds extracted via solid–liquid extraction (50% ethanol–water solution) was performed. More intense PEF and HP conditions resulted in a significant increase of the phenolic concentration up to 91.6% and 71.8%, respectively. The increased antioxidant capacity of each extract was correlated to phenolic compound concentration. The protein concentration that was achieved with PEF pretreatment was doubled; however, HP‐pretreated extracts reached 88.1% higher yield than untreated for pressures up to 200 MPa. HP and PEF pretreatment decreased extraction completion time t98 (needed time to recover the equal amount of phenolics and proteins of untreated after 60 min of conventional extraction) to 12 min and lower than 1 min, respectively. To conclude, both pretreatments are effective in improving the conventional extraction process for increased yield recovery of high‐added‐value compounds from olive pomace.
Primrose syndrome: Characterization of the phenotype in 42 patients
Authors: Melis Daniela , Carvalho Daniel , Barbaro‐Dieber Tina , Espay Alberto J. , Gambello Michael J. , Gener Blanca , Gerkes Erica , Hitzert Marrit M. , Hove Hanne B. , Jansen Sandra , Jira Petr E. , Lachlan Katherine , Menke Leonie A. , Narayanan Vinodh , Ortiz Damara , Overwater Eline , Posmyk Renata , Ramsey Keri , Rossi Alessandro , Sandoval Renata Lazari , Stumpel Constance , Stuurman Kyra E. , Cordeddu Viviana , Turnpenny Peter , Strisciuglio Pietro , Tartaglia Marco , Unger Sheela , Waters Todd , Turnbull Clare , Hennekam Raoul C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPrimrose syndrome (PS; MIM# 259050) is characterized by intellectual disability (ID), macrocephaly, unusual facial features (frontal bossing, deeply set eyes, down‐slanting palpebral fissures), calcified external ears, sparse body hair and distal muscle wasting. The syndrome is caused by de novo heterozygous missense variants in ZBTB20. Most of the 29 published patients are adults as characteristics appear more recognizable with age. We present 13 hitherto unpublished individuals and summarize the clinical and molecular findings in all 42 patients. Several signs and symptoms of PS develop during childhood, but the cardinal features, such as calcification of the external ears, cystic bone lesions, muscle wasting, and contractures typically develop between 10 and 16 years of age. Biochemically, anemia and increased alpha‐fetoprotein levels are often present. Two adult males with PS developed a testicular tumor. Although PS should be regarded as a progressive entity, there are no indications that cognition becomes more impaired with age. No obvious genotype‐phenotype correlation is present. A subgroup of patients with ZBTB20 variants may be associated with mild, nonspecific ID. Metabolic investigations suggest a disturbed mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. We suggest a regular surveillance in all adult males with PS until it is clear whether or not there is a truly elevated risk of testicular cancer.
Skp2 contributes to cell cycle progression in trophoblast stem cells and to placental development
Authors: Yamauchi Yuhei , Nita Akihiro , Nishiyama Masaaki , Muto Yoshiharu , Shimizu Hideyuki , Nakatsumi Hirokazu , Nakayama Keiichi I. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAll trophoblast subtypes of the placenta are derived from trophoblast stem cells (TSCs). TSCs have the capacity to self‐renew, but how the proliferation of these cells is regulated in the undifferentiated state has been largely unclear. We now show that the F‐box protein Skp2 regulates the proliferation of TSCs and thereby plays a pivotal role in placental development in mice on the C57BL/6 background. The placenta of Skp2−/− mouse embryos on the C57BL/6 background was smaller than that of their Skp2+/+ littermates, with the mutant embryos also manifesting intrauterine growth retardation. Although the Skp2−/− mice were born alive, most of them died before postnatal day 21, presumably as a result of placental defects. Depletion of Skp2 in TSCs cultured in the undifferentiated state resulted in a reduced rate of proliferation and arrest of the cell cycle in G1 phase, indicative of a defect in self‐renewal capacity. The cell cycle arrest apparent in Skp2‐deficient TSCs was reversed by additional ablation of the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI) p57 but not by that of the CKI p27. Our results thus suggest that Skp2‐mediated degradation of p57 is an important determinant of the self‐renewal capacity of TSCs during placental development, at least in mice of certain genetic backgrounds.
The impact of age and comorbidity in advanced or recurrent biliary tract cancer receiving palliative chemotherapy
Authors: Takahara Naminatsu , Nakai Yousuke , Saito Kei , Sasaki Takashi , Suzuki Yukari , Inokuma Akiyuki , Oyama Hiroki , Kanai Sachiko , Suzuki Tatsunori , Sato Tatsuya , Hakuta Ryunosuke , Ishigaki Kazunaga , Saito Tomotaka , Hamada Tsuyoshi , Mizuno Suguru , Kogure Hirofumi , Tada Minoru , Isayama Hiroyuki , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and AimLimited data are available on age and comorbidity assessment in patients with biliary tract cancer (BTC). This study aimed to evaluate the association of age and comorbidity burden with clinical outcomes of chemotherapy for BTC.MethodsConsecutive 197 BTC patients undergoing first‐line chemotherapy between 2007 and 2017 were retrospectively studied. Patients were classified to three groups according to the age‐adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (ACCI) excluding the score about BTC and progression‐free survival, overall survival (OS), and safety were compared.ResultsFifty‐one patients (26%) were elderly (≥ 75 years), and ACCI was 0–2 in 73 patients (37%), 3–4 in 98 (50%), and ≥ 5 in 26 (13%). ACCI was associated with the administration of first‐line combination chemotherapy (89% in 0–2, 80% in 3–4, and 64% in ≥ 5, P < 0.01) and second‐line chemotherapy (67% in 0–2, 51% in 3–4, and 35% in ≥ 5, P = 0.01). ACCI was prognostic for OS in addition to performance status, disease status, and CA19‐9: The hazard ratios in ACCI of 3–4 and ≥ 5 were 1.39 and 1.79, compared with ACCI of 0–2 (P = 0.04). While overall safety profile did not differ by ACCI, higher ACCI score group developed Grade 3–4 neutropenia more frequently (26% in 0–2, 42% in 3–4, and 46% in ≥ 5, P = 0.04).ConclusionAge and comorbidity burden did affect OS and safety profile in BTC patients undergoing first‐line palliative chemotherapy. ACCI can be a simple and useful tool to evaluate the age and comorbidity burden in these patients.
One ring to rule them all: an ecosystem engineer fungus fosters plant and microbial diversity in a Mediterranean grassland
Authors: Zotti Maurizio , De Filippis Francesca , Cesarano Gaspare , Ercolini Danilo , Tesei Giulio , Allegrezza Marina , Giannino Francesco , Mazzoleni Stefano , Bonanomi Giuliano 
Published: April 2020

Summary

Species coexistence in grasslands is regulated by several environmental factors and interactions with the soil microbial community.

Here, the development of the Basidiomycetes fungus Agaricus arvensis, forming fairy rings, in a species‐rich Mediterranean grassland, is described. Effects of the mycelial front on plants, fungi and bacteria were assessed by vegetation survey and next generation sequencing approaches.

Our results showed a fungal‐dependent shift in the community structure operated by a wave‐like spread of fairy rings that decreased plant, fungal and bacterial diversity, indicating a detrimental effect of fairy rings on most species. The fairy rings induced successional processes in plants that enhanced the replacement of a community dominated by perennial plants with short‐living and fast‐growing plant species. In parallel, fungal and bacterial communities showed evident differences in species composition with several taxa associated within distinct sampling zone across the fairy rings. Notably, bacteria belonging to the Burkholderia genus and fungi of the genus Trichoderma increased in response to the advancing mycelium of A. arvensis.

The profound changes in community composition and the overall increase in taxa diversity at ecosystemic scale suggest that fairy ring‐forming fungi may act as ecosystem engineer species in Mediterranean grasslands.
Hemispheric specialization in spatial versus ordinal processing in the day‐old domestic chick (Gallus gallus)
Authors: Rugani Rosa , Regolin Lucia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDifferent species show an intriguing similarity in representing numerosity in space, starting from left to right. This bias has been attributed to a right hemisphere dominance in processing spatial information. Here, to disentangle the role of each hemisphere in dealing with spatial versus ordinal–numerical information, we tested domestic chicks during monocular versus binocular vision. In the avian brain, the contralateral hemisphere mainly processes the visual input from each eye. Four‐day‐old chicks learned to peck at the fourth element in a sagittal series of 10 identical elements. At testing, chicks faced a left‐to‐right–oriented series where the interelement distance was manipulated so that the third element was where the fourth had been at training; this compelled chicks to use either spatial or ordinal cues. Chicks tested binocularly selected both the fourth left and (to a lesser extent) right elements. Chicks tested monocularly chose the third and fourth elements on the seeing side equally. Interhemispheric cooperation resulted in the use of ordinal–numerical information, while each single hemisphere could rely on spatial or ordinal–numerical cue. Both hemispheres can process spatial and ordinal–numerical information, but their interaction results in the supremacy of processing the ordinal–numerical cue.
Mooring Fatigue Assessment Evaluating Chain Twist and Out-of-Plane Bending for a Semi-submersible
Authors: Xue Xutian , Chen Nian-Zhong , Pu Yongchang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A mooring fatigue assessment for mooring chain links of a semi-submersible in Offshore West Africa (OWA) is presented. Three cases that mooring chain links are subjected to pure tension, out-of-plane bending (OPB), and torque are considered in the assessment. For the case that mooring chain links are subjected to pure tension, a comparative study on S–N curves, T–N curves, and fracture mechanics (FM)-based mooring system fatigue analyses is made, and the results show that the fatigue lives predicted by these three approaches are generally comparable if the safety factors suggested by API and DNVGL are applied to T–N curves and S–N curves based approaches. For the cases that mooring chain links are subjected to the OPB and torque, the investigation shows that fatigue lives of mooring chain links are decreased significantly due to the OPB effects, while the decline of fatigue lives of mooring chain links happens when the twist angles are more than 10 deg.
Microtubules Are Associated with Intracellular Movement and Spread of the Periodontopathogen
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
Authors: Meyer Diane Hutchins , Rose John E. , Lippmann Joan E. , Fives-Taylor Paula M. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
SUNY 465, the invasion prototype strain, enters epithelial cells by an actin-dependent mechanism, escapes from the host cell vacuole, and spreads intracellularly and to adjacent epithelial cells via intercellular protrusions. Internalized organisms also egress from host cells into the assay medium via protrusions that are associated with just a single epithelial cell. Here we demonstrate that agents which inhibit microtubule polymerization (e.g., colchicine) and those which stabilize polymerized microtubules (e.g., taxol) both increase markedly the number of intracellular
A. actinomycetemcomitans
organisms. Furthermore, both colchicine and taxol prevented the egression of
A. actinomycetemcomitans
from host cells into the assay medium. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that protrusions that mediate the bacterial spread contain microtubules.
A. actinomycetemcomitans
SUNY 465 and 652, strains that are both invasive and egressive, interacted specifically with the plus ends (growing ends) of the filaments of microtubule asters in a KB cell extract. By contrast, neither
A. actinomycetemcomitans
523, a strain that is invasive but not egressive, nor
Haemophilus aphrophilus
, a noninvasive oral bacterium with characteristics similar to those of
A. actinomycetemcomitans
, bound to microtubules. Together these data suggest that microtubules function in the spread and movement of
A. actinomycetemcomitans
and provide the first evidence that host cell dispersion of an invasive bacterium may involve the usurption of host cell microtubules.
Comparison of accelerated diagnostic pathways for acute chest pain risk stratification
Authors: Stopyra Jason , Snavely Anna Catherine , Hiestand Brian , Wells Brian J , Lenoir Kristin Macfarlane , Herrington David , Hendley Nella , Ashburn Nicklaus P , Miller Chadwick D , Mahler Simon A 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundThe History Electrocardiogram Age Risk factor Troponin (HEART) Pathway and Emergency Department Assessment of Chest pain Score (EDACS) are validated accelerated diagnostic pathways designed to risk stratify patients presenting to the emergency department with chest pain. Data from large multisite prospective studies comparing these accelerated diagnostic pathways are limited.MethodsThe HEART Pathway Implementation is a prospective three-site cohort study, which accrued adults with symptoms concerning for acute coronary syndrome. Physicians completed electronic health record HEART Pathway and EDACS risk assessments on participants. Major adverse cardiac events (death, myocardial infarction and coronary revascularisation) at 30 days were determined using electronic health record, insurance claims and death index data. Test characteristics for detection of major adverse cardiac events were calculated for both accelerated diagnostic pathways and McNemar’s tests were used for comparisons.Results5799 patients presenting to the emergency department were accrued, of which HEART Pathway and EDACS assessments were completed on 4399. Major adverse cardiac events at 30 days occurred in 449/4399 (10.2%). The HEART Pathway identified 38.4% (95% CI 37.0% to 39.9%) of patients as low-risk compared with 58.1% (95% CI 56.6% to 59.6%) identified as low-risk by EDACS (p<0.001). Major adverse cardiac events occurred in 0.4% (95% CI 0.2% to 0.9%) of patients classified as low-risk by the HEART Pathway compared with 1.0% (95% CI 0.7% to 1.5%) of patients identified as low-risk by EDACS (p<0.001). Thus, the HEART Pathway had a negative predictive value of 99.6% (95% CI 99.1% to 99.8%) for major adverse cardiac events compared with a negative predictive value of 99.0% (95% CI 98.5% to 99.3%) for EDACS.ConclusionsEDACS identifies a larger proportion of patients as low-risk than the HEART Pathway, but has a higher missed major adverse cardiac events rate at 30 days. Physicians will need to consider their risk tolerance when deciding whether to adopt the HEART Pathway or EDACS accelerated diagnostic pathway.Trial registration numberNCT02056964.
A PRACTICAL AS THE MAIN FORM OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS ON THE DISCIPLINE “UKRAINIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE” AT THE HIGHER SCHOOL
Authors: Stefanyshyn K. L. 
Published: April 2020

A practical is the main form of students' educational activity at the higher educational institutions on the discipline “Ukrainian as a Foreign Language”. Practicals at the higher educational establishment provide students with the detailed consideration of certain theoretical basics of the discipline. They also suggest the formation of skills and abilities, their practical application by the individual, fulfillment of the student's formulated tasks and solving situational problems. Based on the topic “Appearance Description”, the article presents the structure and meaningful content of a practical lesson in Ukrainian as a foreign language.
The course of study is structured according to the requirements for practicals at the higher school and adapted to the communicative needs of foreign students studying in Ukraine. The structure of the lesson consists of five stages: organizational part, mastering vocabulary on the topic, performing training exercises, working with the text, current control. The content of a course corresponds to the program of the discipline “Ukrainian as a Foreign Language”, the task is built with regard to the program requirements and is subordinated to the objective of the discipline i.e. to provide basic communicative needs of foreign students in the everyday life, educational and professional spheres. The developed system of exercises is intended to form and improve different types of speech activity (listening, speaking, reading and writing). Knowledge of vocabulary for describing a person’s appearance, ability to build monologues, initiate and conduct a dialogue on the topic, skills to reconcile adjectives, personal and possessive pronouns with nouns in the genus, numbers and case allow to ensure the implementation of communicative needs in communicative needs and needs household, socio-cultural, official-business, educational-professional.