bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis
Authors: Müller Francis 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDrawing on sociological Grounded Theory and ethnographic semantics, this chapter argues that analysis is a genuinely creative practice. Analysis entails not simply classifying the data found or produced in the field in accordance with everyday, common-sense knowledge but rather looking for aesthetic and semantic clues in it. It is also not a fixed program, but rather a hermeneutic and explorative search for new connections and patterns of meaning. This is demonstrated through examples of various data materials, such as transcripts of interviews, observation protocols, photographs, video, and material culture.
Epilogue
Authors: Müller Francis 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDesign ethnography consists in iterative processes in which research, interventions, and design flow into one another, whereby design itself develops epistemological qualities. Design ethnography means moving rapidly between the various approaches and constantly adopting new perspectives. Methods should not be dogmatically adhered to, but can and should be adapted and transcended. Design ethnography is therefore a “dirty” practice that tends toward anarchy. It can become “clean” and intersubjectively accessible only by means of inner distancing, conscious reflection, and not least, language.
Tool Support for Co-Simulation-Based Analysis
Authors: Albers Karsten , Bolte Benjamin , Meyer Max-Arno , Terfloth Axel , Wißdorf Anna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe development of collaborative embedded systems (CESs) requires the validation of their runtime behavior during design time. In this context, simulation-based analysis methods play a key role in the development of such systems. Simulations of CESs tend to become complex. One cause is that CESs work in collaborative system groups (CSGs) within a dynamic context., which is why CESs must be simulated as participants of a CSG. Another cause stems from the fact that CES simulations cover various cyber-physical domains. The models incorporated are often managed by different tools that are specialized for specific simulation disciplines and must be jointly executed in a cosimulation. Besides the methodological aspects, the interoperability of models and tools within such a co-simulation is a major challenge. This chapter focusses on the tool integration aspect of enabling co-simulations. It motivates the need for co-simulation for CES development and describes a general tool architecture. The chapter presents the advantages and limitations of adopting existing standards such as FMI and DCP, as well as best practices for integrating simulation tools and models for CESs and CSGs.
Online Experiment-Driven Learning and Adaptation
Authors: Gerostathopoulos Ilias , auf der Straße Alexander 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis chapter presents an approach for the online optimization of collaborative embedded systems (CESs) and collaborative system groups (CSGs). Such systems have to adapt and optimize their behavior at runtime to increase their utilities and respond to runtime situations. We propose to model such systems as black boxes of their essential input parameters and outputs, and search efficiently in the space of input parameters for values that optimize (maximize or minimize) the system’s outputs. Our optimization approach consists of three phases and combines online (Bayesian) optimization with statistical guarantees stemming from the use of statistical methods such as factorial ANOVA, binomial testing, and t-tests in different phases. We have applied our approach in a smart cars testbed with the goal of optimizing the routing of cars by tuning the configuration of their parametric router at runtime.
Handling Uncertainty in Collaborative Embedded Systems Engineering
Authors: Bandyszak Torsten , Jöckel Lisa , Kläs Michael , Törsleff Sebastian , Weyer Thorsten , Wirtz Boris 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAs collaborative embedded systems operate autonomously in highly dynamic contexts, they must be able to handle uncertainties that can occur during operation. On the one hand, they must be able to handle uncertainties due to the imprecision of sensors and the behavior of data-driven components for perceiving and interpreting the context to enable decisions to be made during operation. On the other hand, uncertainties can emerge from the collaboration in a collaborative group, related to the exchange of information (e.g., context knowledge) between collaborative systems. This chapter presents methods for modeling uncertainty early in development and analyzing uncertainty during both design and operation. These methods allow for the identification of epistemic uncertainties that can occur when various, potentially heterogeneous systems are required to collaborate. The methods also enable graphical and formal modeling of uncertainties and their impact on system behavior (e.g., in the course of dynamic traffic scenarios). Furthermore, this chapter investigates the quality of outputs issued by data-driven models used to equip collaborative embedded systems with uncertainty-resilient machine learning capability.
Respect for Judicial Independence
Authors: van Dijk Frans 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis Chapter examines whether judges feel that their independence is respected. Three categories of actors are distinguished: the court users, the political system and the internal decision makers of the judiciary. Judges feel in the mean most respected by the internal leadership, to a lesser extent by the court users and least by the political system. In some countries judges do not feel respected by the political system at all. In the opinion of the judges, respect by the different actors has different features. Perceived respect shown by litigants has to do with absence of bribery and other forms of corruption, and inappropriate pressure. Respect by government and parliament is about the implementation of judgments by government and the case load of the judiciary. Case load depends on the resources that politicians make available. Respect by court management concerns absence of pressure on judges to adjudicate cases timely, case load and promotion of judges based on merit. Caseload is a recurring determinant of perceived respect for independence. This suggests that independence is highly affected by resource allocation.
Probing phase transitions of holographic entanglement entropy with fixed area states
Authors: Marolf Donald , Wang Shannon , Wang Zhencheng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Recent results suggest that new corrections to holographic entanglement entropy should arise near phase transitions of the associated Ryu-Takayanagi (RT) surface. We study such corrections by decomposing the bulk state into fixed-area states and conjecturing that a certain ‘diagonal approximation’ will hold. In terms of the bulk Newton constant G, this yields a correction of order O(G−1/2) near such transitions, which is in particular larger than generic corrections from the entanglement of bulk quantum fields. However, the correction becomes exponentially suppressed away from the transition. The net effect is to make the entanglement a smooth function of all parameters, turning the RT ‘phase transition’ into a crossover already at this level of analysis.We illustrate this effect with explicit calculations (again assuming our diagonal approximation) for boundary regions given by a pair of disconnected intervals on the boundary of the AdS3 vacuum and for a single interval on the boundary of the BTZ black hole. In a natural large-volume limit where our diagonal approximation clearly holds, this second example verifies that our results agree with general predictions made by Murthy and Srednicki in the context of chaotic many-body systems. As a further check on our conjectured diagonal approximation, we show that it also reproduces the O(G−1/2) correction found Penington et al. for an analogous quantum RT transition. Our explicit computations also illustrate the cutoff-dependence of fluctuations in RT-areas.
Ein weiteres Kleid – Zur Wissensgeschichte häuslich-textiler Umgebungen im 19. Jahrhundert
Authors: Jürjens Kira 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Artikel wird untersucht, inwiefern Textilien in den einrichtungstheoretischen, medizinisch-hygienischen und literarischen Auseinandersetzungen mit dem Wohnen im 19. Jahrhundert als funktionale Umgebungen des Lebendigen entworfen werden. Damit sind zugleich geschlechtliche Zuschreibungen verbunden, die die Frau als Verantwortliche für die Regulierung dieser textilen Umgebungen ausmachen. Während es so einerseits zu einer naturalisierenden und mechanisierenden Überblendung von Frau und Wohnraum kommt, ist mit der Verwissenschaftlichung und Technisierung des Wohnens andererseits eine weiblich konnotierte Expertise verbunden, die nicht allein auf den Innenraum des Hauses begrenzt ist. Der Artikel nimmt die Verhandlungen textiler Expertise und Gestaltungsmacht in unterschiedlichen Wissensbereichen und Darstellungsformen in den Blick, um das Verhältnis von Textilien, Wohnen und Weiblichkeit im 19. Jahrhundert neu zu perspektivieren.
The steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) reflects the activation of cortical object representations: evidence from semantic stimulus repetition
Authors: Radtke Elise L. , Martens Ulla , Gruber Thomas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe applied high-density EEG to examine steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) during a perceptual/semantic stimulus repetition design. SSVEPs are evoked oscillatory cortical responses at the same frequency as visual stimuli flickered at this frequency. In repetition designs, stimuli are presented twice with the repetition being task irrelevant. The cortical processing of the second stimulus is commonly characterized by decreased neuronal activity (repetition suppression). The behavioral consequences of stimulus repetition were examined in a companion reaction time pre-study using the same experimental design as the EEG study. During the first presentation of a stimulus, we confronted participants with drawings of familiar object images or object words, respectively. The second stimulus was either a repetition of the same object image (perceptual repetition; PR) or an image depicting the word presented during the first presentation (semantic repetition; SR)—all flickered at 15 Hz to elicit SSVEPs. The behavioral study revealed priming effects in both experimental conditions (PR and SR). In the EEG, PR was associated with repetition suppression of SSVEP amplitudes at left occipital and repetition enhancement at left temporal electrodes. In contrast, SR was associated with SSVEP suppression at left occipital and central electrodes originating in bilateral postcentral and occipital gyri, right middle frontal and right temporal gyrus. The conclusion of the presented study is twofold. First, SSVEP amplitudes do not only index perceptual aspects of incoming sensory information but also semantic aspects of cortical object representation. Second, our electrophysiological findings can be interpreted as neuronal underpinnings of perceptual and semantic priming.
Clear cell meningiomas are defined by a highly distinct DNA methylation profile and mutations in SMARCE1
Authors:   The German Consortium “Aggressive Meningiomas”, Sievers Philipp , Sill Martin , Blume Christina , Tauziede-Espariat Arnault , Schrimpf Daniel , Stichel Damian , Reuss David E. , Dogan Helin , Hartmann Christian , Mawrin Christian , Hasselblatt Martin , Stummer Walter , Schick Uta , Hench Jürgen , Frank Stephan , Ketter Ralf , Schweizer Leonille , Schittenhelm Jens , Puget Stéphanie , Brandner Sebastian , Jaunmuktane Zane , Küsters Benno , Abdullaev Zied , Pekmezci Melike , Snuderl Matija , Ratliff Miriam , Herold-Mende Christel , Unterberg Andreas , Aldape Kenneth , Ellison David W. , Wesseling Pieter , Reifenberger Guido , Wick Wolfgang , Perry Arie , Varlet Pascale , Pfister Stefan M. , Jones David T. W. , von Deimling Andreas , Sahm Felix 
Published: December 2020

AbstractClear cell meningioma represents an uncommon variant of meningioma that typically affects children and young adults. Although an enrichment of loss-of-function mutations in the SMARCE1 gene has been reported for this subtype, comprehensive molecular investigations are lacking. Here we describe a molecularly distinct subset of tumors (n = 31), initially identified through genome-wide DNA methylation screening among a cohort of 3093 meningiomas, of which most were diagnosed histologically as clear cell meningioma. This cohort was further supplemented by an additional 11 histologically diagnosed clear cell meningiomas for analysis (n = 42). Targeted DNA sequencing revealed SMARCE1 mutations in 33/34 analyzed samples, accompanied by a nuclear loss of expression determined via immunohistochemistry and a decreased SMARCE1 transcript expression in the tumor cells. Analysis of time to progression or recurrence of patients within the clear cell meningioma group (n = 14) in comparison to those with meningioma WHO grade 2 (n = 220) revealed a similar outcome and support the assignment of WHO grade 2 to these tumors. Our findings indicate the existence of a highly distinct epigenetic signature of clear cell meningiomas, separate from all other variants of meningiomas, with recurrent mutations in the SMARCE1 gene. This suggests that these tumors may arise from a different precursor cell population than the broad spectrum of the other meningioma subtypes.
Lateral retinacular release combined with MPFL reconstruction for patellofemoral instability: a systematic review
Authors: Migliorini Filippo , Maffulli Nicola , Eschweiler Jörg , Quack Valentin , Tingart Markus , Driessen Arne 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe role of the lateral retinaculum in patellofemoral instability is still debated. Lateral retinacular release (LRR), has been extensively performed in combination with different surgical procedures, including reconstruction of medio-patellofemoral ligament (MPFL). Despite controversial indications, the results from these studies seem promising. The present study conducts a systematic review about current biomechanical and clinical evidence concerning the role of LRR in combination with MPFL reconstruction. We performed a comprehensive literature research, comparing the outcomes of MPFL reconstruction with and without LRR.Materials and methodsThis systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. The literature search was performed in August 2020. All articles describing the outcome of isolated MPFL reconstruction alone or in combination with a LRR in patients with recurrent patellofemoral instability were considered for inclusion. Only articles reporting data on patients with a minimum of 12-month follow-up were included. Only articles reporting quantitative data under the outcomes of interest were included.ResultsA total of 63 articles were eligible for this systematic review, including 2131 knees. The mean follow-up was 40.87 ± 24.1 months. All scores of interests improved in favour of the combined group: Kujala + 3.8% (P = 0.01), Lysholm + 4.2% (P = 0.004), Tegner + 0.8 points (P = 0.04), IKDC + 9.8% (P = 0.02). The ROM was comparable between the two groups (P = 0.4). Similarity was found in terms of positivity to the apprehension test (P = 0.05), rate of complications (P = 0.1), re-dislocations (P = 0.8), and revision surgeries (P = 0.1).ConclusionThere is no evidence that adding a lateral release impacts positively on the outcome of MPFL reconstruction.Level of evidence: IV, Systematic review
Einfluss von Permanent Make-up auf die Meibomdrüsen und den Tränenfilm
Authors: Laufenböck Christoph 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Ziel dieser Studie war es, Veränderungen hinsichtlich der Meibomdrüsen, der Augenoberfläche und des Tränenfilms durch Lidrandtätowierungen zu ermitteln.

Methodik
Querschnittsstudie: 100 Augen mit Permanent-Make-up von 50 Patientinnen wurden 100 Augen ohne Permanent-Make-up von 50 Patientinnen gegenübergestellt. Die subjektive Symptomabfrage erfolgte mittels OSDI-Fragebogen und wurde mit den objektiven Testergebnissen – erhoben durch die klinische Untersuchung an der Spaltlampe sowie am Keratographen 5M (Oculus, Germany) – verglichen.

Resultate
Es zeigte sich ein statistisch signifikanter Unterschied zwischen den beiden Gruppen hinsichtlich des OSD-Index, der NIK-BUT, der Meibomdrüsen und der LIPKO-Falten. Keinen Unterschied zeigte sich in der bulbären Injektion und der Tränenmeniskushöhe.

Schlussfolgerungen
In der durchgeführten Studie zeigte sich, dass Permanent-Make-up an den Lidrändern zu anatomischen und funktionellen Veränderungen der Meibomdrüsen und des Tränenfilms führt. Diese Ergebnisse korrelieren auch stark mit einem subjektiven okulären Dyskomfort der Patientinnen.
Frontal electroencephalogram based drug, sex, and age independent sedation level prediction using non-linear machine learning algorithms
Authors: Ramaswamy S. M. , Kuizenga M. H. , Weerink M. A. S. , Vereecke H. E. M. , Struys M. M. R. F. , Belur Nagaraj S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBrain monitors which track quantitative electroencephalogram (EEG) signatures to monitor sedation levels are drug and patient specific. There is a need for robust sedation level monitoring systems to accurately track sedation levels across all drug classes, sex and age groups. Forty-four quantitative features estimated from a pooled dataset of 204 EEG recordings from 66 healthy adult volunteers who received either propofol, dexmedetomidine, or sevoflurane (all with and without remifentanil) were used in a machine learning based automated system to estimate the depth of sedation. Model training and evaluation were performed using leave-one-out cross validation methodology. We trained four machine learning models to predict sedation levels and evaluated the influence of remifentanil, age, and sex on the prediction performance. The area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve (AUC) was used to assess the performance of the prediction model. The ensemble tree with bagging outperformed other machine learning models and predicted sedation levels with an AUC = 0.88 (0.81–0.90). There were significant differences in the prediction probability of the automated systems when trained and tested across different age groups and sex. The performance of the EEG based sedation level prediction system is drug, sex, and age specific. Nonlinear machine-learning models using quantitative EEG features can accurately predict sedation levels. The results obtained in this study may provide a useful reference for developing next generation EEG based sedation level prediction systems using advanced machine learning algorithms.Clinical trial registration: NCT 02043938 and NCT 03143972.
Green Open Access in Astronomy and Mathematics: The Complementarity of Routines Among Authors and Readers
Authors: Taubert Niels 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOpen access (OA) to publications has become a major topic in science policy. However, electronic publication providing free access to research via the internet is more than a decade older, was invented in the 1990s and driven by parts of the scientific community. This paper focuses on two disciplines (astronomy and mathematics) in which green OA is well established. It asks how authors and readers use the central disciplinary repository and how they are thereby included in the communication system of their disciplines. Drawing on an interview study with 20 scientists from both disciplines, we analyze the main characteristics of an inclusion, possible problems that result from it and how they are being solved. The empirical results show that there is a complementarity between the routines of authors and readers that co-stabilize each other. This finding suggests that the emergence of complementary routines could be a necessary condition for the green OA model to succeed.
Anti-democratic revolutionaries or democratic reformers? A review essay of Janek Wasserman’s The Marginal Revolutionaries: How Austrian Economists Fought the War of Ideas
Authors: Kolev Stefan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper provides a critical reading of Janek Wasserman’s The Marginal Revolutionaries: How Austrian Economists Fought the War of Ideas. Wasserman depicts the evolution of the Austrian School from the 1860s until today, a particularly illuminating narrative for the readers of this journal. The breadth of portrayed economists, their cultural embeddedness in Austrian and US contexts, and the complexity of configurations across the school’s generations create a rich and readable story. The last third of the book suffers from allegations about the ideological agenda and institutional power of the Austrian economists which sometimes lack sufficient substantiation. The paper indicates how both in their theorizing and in their political activities, the Austrian economists can be seen as reformers instead of revolutionaries, and as constitutionalists instead of anti-democrats. Despite these disagreements, Wasserman’s portrayals evoke largely fair and challenging impulses both to scholars working in the Austrian research program and to those interested in the Austrian School’s long history, regardless of one’s ideological positions.
Meteorological Predictions for Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover Landing Site at Jezero Crater
Authors: Pla-García Jorge , Rafkin S. C. R. , Martinez G. M. , Vicente-Retortillo Á. , Newman C. E. , Savijärvi H. , de la Torre M. , Rodriguez-Manfredi J. A. , Gómez F. , Molina A. , Viúdez-Moreiras D. , Harri Ari-Matti 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Mars Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (MRAMS) and a nested simulation of the Mars Weather Research and Forecasting model (MarsWRF) are used to predict the local meteorological conditions at the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover landing site inside Jezero crater (Mars). These predictions are complemented with the COmplutense and MIchigan MArs Radiative Transfer model (COMIMART) and with the local Single Column Model (SCM) to further refine predictions of radiative forcing and the water cycle respectively. The primary objective is to facilitate interpretation of the meteorological measurements to be obtained by the Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer (MEDA) aboard the rover, but also to provide predictions of the meteorological phenomena and seasonal changes that might impact operations, from both a risk perspective and from the perspective of being better prepared to make certain measurements. A full diurnal cycle at four different seasons ($\text{L}_{\mathrm{s}}$

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) is investigated. Air and ground temperatures, pressure, wind speed and direction, surface radiative fluxes and moisture data are modeled. The good agreement between observations and modeling in prior works [Pla-Garcia et al. in Icarus 280:103–113, 2016; Newman et al. in Icarus 291:203–231, 2017; Vicente-Retortillo et al. in Sci. Rep. 8(1):1–8, 2018; Savijärvi et al. in Icarus, 2020] provides confidence in utilizing these models results to predict the meteorological environment at Mars 2020 Perseverance rover landing site inside Jezero crater. The data returned by MEDA will determine the extent to which this confidence was justified.