bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Mean Absorption-line Spectra of a Selection of Luminous z ∼ 6 Lyman Break Galaxies
Authors: Harikane Yuichi , Laporte Nicolas , Ellis Richard S. , Matsuoka Yoshiki 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We examine the absorption-line spectra of a sample of 31 luminous (

) Lyman break galaxies at redshift z ≃ 6 using data taken with the FOCAS and OSIRIS spectrographs on the Subaru and GTC telescopes. For two of these sources we present longer exposure data taken at higher spectral resolutions from ESO’s X-shooter spectrograph. Using these data, we demonstrate the practicality of stacking our lower-resolution data to measure the depth of various interstellar and stellar absorption lines to probe the covering fraction of low-ionization gas and the gas phase and stellar metallicities near the end of the era of cosmic reionization. From maximum absorption-line depths of Si ii
λ1260 and C ii
λ1334, we infer a mean covering fraction of ≥0.85 ± 0.16 for our sample. This is larger than that determined using similar methods for lower-luminosity galaxies at slightly lower redshifts, suggesting that the most luminous galaxies appear to have a lower escape fraction than fainter galaxies, and therefore may not play a prominent role in concluding reionization. Using various interstellar absorption lines we deduce gas-phase metallicities close to solar, indicative of substantial early enrichment. Using selected stellar absorption lines, we model our spectra with a range of metallicities using techniques successfully employed at lower redshift and deduce a stellar metallicity of

solar, consistent with the stellar mass—stellar metallicity relation recently found at z ∼ 3–5. We discuss the implications of these metallicity estimates for the typical ages of our luminous galaxies and conclude our results imply initial star formation at redshifts z ∼ 10, consistent with independent analyses of earlier objects.
Stellar X-Ray Activity Across the Hertzsprung–Russell Diagram. I. Catalogs
Authors: Wang Song , Bai Yu , He Lin , Liu Jifeng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Stellar magnetic activity provides substantial information on the magnetic dynamo and the coronal heating process. We present a catalog of X-ray activity for about 6000 stars, based on the Chandra and Gaia DR2 data. We also classified more than 3000 stars as young stellar objects, dwarf stars, or giant stars. By using the stars with valid stellar parameters and classifications, we studied the distribution of X-ray luminosity (L
X) and the ratio of X-ray-to-bolometric luminosities (R
X), the positive relation between L
X, R
X, and hardness ratio, and the long-term X-ray variation. This catalog can be used to investigate some important scientific topics, including the activity–rotation relation, the comparison between different activity indicators, and the activities of interesting objects (e.g., A-type stars and giants). As an example, we use the catalog to study the activity–rotation relation, and find that the young stellar objects, dwarfs, and giants fall on a single sequence in the relation R
X versus Rossby number, while the giants do not follow the relation R
X versus

valid for dwarfs.
Clustering and Analysis of Dynamic Ad Hoc Network Nodes Movement Based on FCM Algorithm
Authors: Hamad Sumaya , Alheeti Khattab , Ali Yossra , Shaker Shaimaa 
Published: October 2020

Abstract— Clustering is a major exploratory data mining activity, and a popular statistical data analysis technique used in many fields. Cluster analysis generally speaking isn't just an automated function, but rather reiterated information exploration procedure or multipurpose dynamic optimisation Comprising trial and error. Parameters for pre-processing and modeling data frequently need to be modified until the output hits the desired properties. -Data points in fuzzy clustering may probably belong to several clusters. Each Data Point is assigned membership grades. Such grades of membership reflect the degree to which data points belong to each cluster. The Fuzzy C-means clustering (FCM) algorithm is among the most widely used fuzzy clustering algorithms. In this paper We use this method to find typological analysis for dynamic Ad Hoc network nodes movement and demonstrate that we can achieve good performance of fuzziness on a simulated data set of dynamic ad hoc network nodes (DANET) and How to use this principle to formulate node clustering as a partitioning problem. Cluster analysis aims at grouping a collection of nodes into clusters in such a way that nodes seeing a high degree of correlation within the same cluster, whereas nodes members of various clusters are extremely dissimilar in nature. The FCM algorithm is used for implementation and evaluation the simulated data set using NS2 simulator with optimized AODV protocol. The results from the algorithm 's application show the technique achieved the maximum values of stability for both cluster centers and nodes (98.41 %, 99.99 %) respectively.
FERTILIZER STUDIES WITH PINEAPPLES IN PUERTO RICO
Authors: Schappelle N. A. 
Published: October 2020

1. If pineapple plants become even slightly chlorotic during the growing period or the early part of the fruiting period a reduced yield results. 2. The plants in areas where there is a tendency for chlorosis to occur should be sprayed with iron sulphate sprays as diligently and regularly as applications of fertilizers are made. 3. The phosphates as used at the present time can be reduced to 50 lbs. P2O5 or less per acre without affecting the yield greatly. 4. Ammonia nitrogen seemed to be better than the nitrate form to prevent the chlorotic condition in the Manatí field. 5. Slip production and yield of fruit aie both favored by vigorous plants so that if one is increased the other will be increased also. 6. There was no observable effect of fertilizer treatment on "macho" production. 7. Forcing strong plants to early maturity with carbide treatments is a profitable procedure. 8. The relative sizes of pineapples can be predicted fairly accurately by measuring the sizes of the flower stalks only if all the plants in question had the same treatments and growing conditions. 9. If potash is omitted from the fertilizer the quality of the pineapples is poorer judged by acidity, sugar concentration and taste. 10. The keeping qualities of the fruits were not affected by high or low applications of any of the nutrients tried. 11. A favorable fertilizer treatment caused increases in the sizes of both the smaller and the larger fruits proportionally. 13. Applications of lime to raise the pH values of the soil to approximately 5.0 seemed to favor increased yields of pineapples in both experimental fields. 13. If pineapples are allowed to mature naturally those yielding the largest fruits tend to mature the earliest. 14. Applications of small amounts of magnesium tended to favor increased production in both experimental fields. 15. Gum formation on the fruits was not obviously affected by any of the fertilizer treatments used. 16. Nitrogen and potash applications as used gave significant increases in 11 out of 14 cases above those not receiving these fertilizers.
THE VALUE OF FILTER PRESS CAKE AS A FERTILIZER FOR VEGETABLE CROPS. PRELIMINARY TRIALS WITH TOMATOES AND CUCUMBERS
Authors: Riollano Arturo 
Published: October 2020

Filter press cake, a refuse from sugar mills in Puerto Rico can be used advantageously for fertilizing tomatoes and cucumbers grown in the soil type Coto Clay No. 20. When applied at the rate of 12 tons per acre plus 1,000 pounds of fertilizer 8-10-15 it caused a significant increase in yield of marketable tomatoes amounting to 20.5 per cent over the treatment where chemical fertilizer 8-10-15 had been applied alone at the rate of 1,000 pounds per acre. When 20 tons filter press cake were applied alone and with different complete and incomplete chemical fertilizers, also significant increases in yield of cucumbers were observed. The yield with 20 tons of filter press cake alone was equivalent to the yield obtained with a complete fertilizer having 200 pounds NH3, 200 pounds P2O5and 200 pounds K2O. Results seem to indicate that the most profitable treatment would be probably 20 tons filter press cake plus 200 pounds NH3and 200 pound P2O5.
“ÖTEKİ” KAVRAMININ ÇAĞDAŞ SERAMİK SANATINA YANSIMASI
Authors: SEVİM Sıdıka , MARMARA Tuba 
Published: October 2020

“Öteki” kavramı; felsefe, edebiyat, sosyo¬loji gibi sosyal bilimler alanında kullanılan bir kavram olmakla birlikte, sanat alanında da sıkça yer bulmuş bir kavram olarak karşı¬mıza çıkmaktadır. Bu bağlamda ilk akla gelen “öteki” türleri; kültürel, dilsel, siyasal, etnik, dinsel ve cinsel ötekilik olarak bilinmektedir. Her biri kendi içinde felsefik ve sosyolojik açıdan birçok açılımı barındıran bu öteki¬lik türleri, Platon’dan günümüze dek karşı¬mıza çıkmış, birçok filozof ve sosyolog tara-fından üzerinde düşünülmüş ve berabe-rinde de pek çok tartışmaya konu olmuştur. Bu makalede; öteki kavramının disiplinler arası bir yaklaşımla tanımlanmasının yanında, sanat dalları ve özellikle de seramik sanatı içerisinde kavram olarak kullanılmış olan ör-neklerine yer verilecektir. Konuyu çözümle¬miş ünlü düşünürlerin fikirlerinden referans alınarak makale kapsamında açıklanacak “öteki” kavramı, araştırmacı tarafından üretil¬miş olan özgün seramik uygulamalarla pekiş¬tirilecektir. Bu uygulamalar da işlenecek “öteki” kavramı; seramik formun biçimsel ya¬pısı bağlamında anlatılacağı gibi, çoğunlukla seramik dekor tekniklerinin zengin çeşitlili¬ğinden faydalana¬rak ifade edilmeye çalışıla¬caktır. Buna ek olarak, söz konusu çalışmalara ait görseller de makale metni içinde yer ala¬caktır. ﻿﻿
EFFECTS OF WORK-LIFE BALANCE PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATION PERFORMANCE IN HOMA BAY COUNTY REFERRAL HOSPITAL, KENYA
Authors: Auka Orwa Philip , Nyangau Andrew 
Published: October 2020

Purpose: The specific objective of the study was to establish the effects of compressed workweek on organization performance on public health sectors in Kenya.
Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive research design. The populations were 696 and sample size was 254 employees’ while the respondents were 227 which constitute the response rate of 89.4%.The study used stratified sampling method and adopted the Yamane formula. The study used structured closed questionnaires and piloting testing was done on 10% of the sample. Cronbach’s Alpha was used to test the reliability. Validity was determined by posing a series of standardized questions. The study adopted SPSS for data analysis. The Inferential statistics of Pearson correlation analysis was done to establish the strength and direction of the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable. The study adopted descriptive statistics tool.
Findings: Compressed workweek affects the organization performance and had a positive correlation and significance relationship. The null hypothesis was rejected (P0.01). The study concluded that, compressed workweek is important in improving performance index for Human Resource for health workers in Homa Bay County Referral Hospital (HBCRH) and hence the overall results will lead to improved organization performance.
Unique contribution to theory, practice, and policy: Public health sectors are expected to guide policy and practices to address work-life imbalances at the workplace to improve efficiency and productivity at the workplaces. The study recommended that, HBCRH should provide space for more work-life balance practices to improve organizational performance.
The Use of Perspective Markers and Connectives in Expressing Subjectivity: Evidence from Collocational Analyses
Authors: Wei Yipu , Evers-Vermeul Jacqueline , Sanders Ted J.M. 
Published: October 2020

This study explores how subjectivity is expressed in coherence relations, by means of a distinctive collocational analysis on two Chinese causal connectives: the specific subjective kejian ‘so’, used in subjective argument-claim relations, and the underspecified suoyi ‘so’, which can be used in both subjective argument-claim and objective cause-consequence relations. On the basis of both Horn’s pragmatic Relation and Quality principles and the Uniform Information Density Theory, we hypothesized that the presence of other linguistic elements expressing subjectivity in a discourse segment should be related the degree of subjectivity encoded by the connective. In line with this hypothesis, the association scores showed that suoyi is more frequently combined with perspective markers expressing epistemic stance: cognition verbs and modal verbs. Kejian, which already expresses epistemic stance, co-occurred more often with perspective markers related to attitudinal stance, such as markers of expectedness and importance. The paper also pays attention to similarities and differences in collocation patterns across contexts and genres.
Modelling Structures for Situated Discourse
Authors: Asher Nicholas , Hunter Julie , Thompson Kate 
Published: October 2020

This paper describes a corpus of situated multiparty chats developed for the STAC project (Strategic Conversation, ERC grant n. 269427). and annotated for discourse structure in the style of Segmented Discourse Representation Theory (SDRT; Asher & Lascarides,2003). The STAC corpus is not only a rich source of data on strategic conversation, but also the first corpus that we are aware of that provides discourse structures for multiparty dialogues situated within a virtual environment. The corpus was annotated in two stages: we initially annotated the chat moves only, but later decided to annotate interactions between the chat moves and non-linguistic events from the virtual environment. This two-step procedure has allowed us quantify various ways in which adding information from the nonlinguistic context affects dialogue structure. In this paper, we look at how annotations based only on linguistic information were preserved once the nonlinguistic context was factored in. We explain that while the preservation of relation instances is relatively high when we move from one corpus to the other, there is little preservation of higher order structures that capture "the main point" of a dialogue and distinguish it from peripheral information.
Pantainos and His Unique, Ancient Library
Authors: Handis Michael W. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Built around 100 CE, the Library of Pantainos had a peculiar rectangular shape and three stoas in front of it that contained shops and a room for the emperor cult. The donor of the library, Titus Flavius Pantainos, and his family created a monument that linked them to the emperor, the Roman Empire, Greece, and the elite of Athens, thus serving as an example of euergetism. Most libraries were endowed and got no revenue from the government. The Library of Pantainos was not endowed nor did it receive public funds. Instead, the stoa shops provided the funding that the library needed to function. The Library of Celsus and Pliny the Younger's library will also be discussed in contrast to Pantainos's library.
Banish the Stargazers? Joan Bodger, the Missouri State Library, and the Freedom to Read Foundation
Authors: Drew Christopher A. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
The 1960s and early ‘70s were a time of social upheaval and reconciliation of ideals and realities. The Freedom to Read Foundation, Intellectual Freedom Newsletter, and Social Responsibilities Round Table were born in this time, as were countless seminal cases of speech freedom spearheaded by the actions of librarians. Joan Bodger, a children's services consultant for the Missouri State Library in 1969, would be at the center of one of these cases. Bodger would submit a letter to the editor, signed as a state library employee, supporting an alternative paper censored on the University of Missouri's campus. The turmoil that followed would ultimately find her fired. An analysis of the events surrounding this incident provide a unique view of the public and professional conflict over intellectual freedom, and how it was catalyzed by Bodger's actions.
An Evaluation of Reporting Guidelines and Clinical Trial Registry Requirements Among Addiction Medicine Journals
Authors: Cooper Craig M. , Gray Harrison , Barcenas Leslie , Torgerson Trevor , Checketts Jake X. , Vassar Matt 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Context
Robust methodology and ethical reporting are paramount for quality scientific research, but recently, that quality in addiction research has been questioned. Avenues to improve such research quality include adherence to reporting guidelines and proper usage of clinical trial registries. Reporting guidelines and clinical trial registries have been shown to lead researchers to more ethical and transparent methodology.

Objectives
To investigate the reporting guideline and clinical trial registration policies of addiction research journals and identify areas of improvement.

Methods
We used Google Scholar Metrics’ h-5 index to identify the top 20 addiction research journals. We then examined the instructions for authors from each journal to identify whether they required, recommended, or made no mention of trial registration and reporting guidelines, including the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT), Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE), Quality of Reporting of Meta-analyses (QUOROM), Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), Standards for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (STARD), Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE), Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE), Case Reports (CARE), Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS), Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR), Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence (SQUIRE), Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT), Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ), Transparent Reporting of a Multivariate Prediction Model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis (TRIPOD), Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P), and the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) guidelines. We performed the same analysis regarding requirements for clinical trial registration.

Results
Of the 20 journals included in this study, 10 journals (50%) did not require adherence to any reporting guidelines. Trial registration followed a similar trend; 15 journals (75%) did not mention any form of trial or systematic review registration, and ClinicalTrials.gov was only recommended by only 1 journal (5%).

Conclusions
Among top addiction medicine journals, required adherence to reporting guidelines and clinical trial registry policies remains substandard. A step toward fulfilling the National Institute on Drug Abuses’ call for improvement in transparency and reproducibility within addiction research should include all journals adopting a strict reporting guideline and clinical trial registry adherence policy.
Generation of human liver organoids from pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatic endoderms
Authors: Kulkeaw Kasem , Tubsuwan Alisa , Tongkrajang Nongnat , Whangviboonkij Narisara 
Published: October 2020

Background
The use of a personalized liver organoid derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (HuiPSCs) is advancing the use of in vitro disease models for the design of specific, effective therapies for individuals. Collecting patient peripheral blood cells for HuiPSC generation is preferable because it is less invasive; however, the capability of blood cell-derived HuiPSCs for hepatic differentiation and liver organoid formation remains uncertain. Moreover, the currently available methods for liver organoid formation require a multistep process of cell differentiation or a combination of hepatic endodermal, endothelial and mesenchymal cells, which is a major hurdle for the application of personalized liver organoids in high-throughput testing of drug toxicity and safety. To demonstrate the capability of blood cell-derived HuiPSCs for liver organoid formation without support from endothelial and mesenchymal cells.

Methods
The peripheral blood-derived HuiPSCs first differentiated into hepatic endoderm (HE) in two-dimensional (2D) culture on Matrigel-coated plates under hypoxia for 10 days. The HE was then collected and cultured in 3D culture using 50% Matrigel under ambient oxygen. The maturation of hepatocytes was further induced by adding hepatocyte growth medium containing HGF and oncostatin M on top of the 3D culture and incubating the culture for an additional 12–17 days. The function of the liver organoids was assessed using expression analysis of hepatocyte-specific gene and proteins. Albumin (ALB) synthesis, glycogen and lipid storage, and metabolism of indocyanine were evaluated. The spatial distribution of albumin was examined using immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy.

Results
CD34+ hematopoietic cell-derived HuiPSCs were capable of differentiating into definitive endoderm expressing SOX17 and FOXA2, hepatic endoderm expressing FOXA2, hepatoblasts expressing AFP and hepatocytes expressing ALB. On day 25 of the 2D culture, cells expressed SOX17, FOXA2, AFP and ALB, indicating the presence of cellular heterogeneity. In contrast, the hepatic endoderm spontaneously formed a spherical, hollow structure in a 3D culture of 50% Matrigel, whereas hepatoblasts and hepatocytes could not form. Microscopic observation showed a single layer of polygonal-shaped cells arranged in a 3D structure. The hepatic endoderm-derived organoid synthesis ALB at a higher level than the 2D culture but did not express definitive endoderm-specific SOX17, indicating the greater maturity of the hepatocytes in the liver organoids. Confocal microscopic images and quantitative ELISA confirmed albumin synthesis in the cytoplasm of the liver organoid and its secretion. Overall, 3D culture of the hepatic endoderm is a relatively fast, simple, and less laborious way to generate liver organoids from HuiPSCs that is more physiologically relevant than 2D culture.