bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of nurses' level of knowledge and attitudes to ageism toward older adults: Cross‐sectional study
Authors: Rababa Mohammad , Hammouri Ammar M. , Hweidi Issa M. , Ellis Julie L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study aims to examine how the sociodemographic and professional characteristics of nurses in Jordan correlate with their levels of knowledge, attitudes, and ageism toward older adults. Ageism has not been studied in Jordan as it pertains to nurses, so a descriptive, correlational, cross‐sectional design, with a convenience sample of 317 Jordanian nurses, using the Fact on Aging Quiz 1, Fraboni Scale of Ageism, and Relating to Older People Evaluation was conducted in January to February 2019. Significant ageism was found, and differences in knowledge, attitudes, and negative ageism vary among nurses by sociodemographic/professional characteristics. Knowledge and attitudes toward older adults significantly correlate with negative ageism which is associated with poor health outcomes for older adults. Our findings reveal that even in a country with high religious observance and close family ties, ageism exists in healthcare settings because of nurses' poor knowledge and attitudes toward older adults. These findings have implications for nursing education, clinical practice, and health policy. Changes across these sectors based on the findings may contribute to reducing ageist practices and improving older adult health outcomes.
Nursing students' motivation regulation strategies in blended learning: A qualitative study
Authors: Mäenpää Kati , Järvenoja Hanna , Peltonen Jouni , Pyhältö Kirsi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlthough there is a strong body of evidence showing that motivational factors are critical components of self‐regulated professional learning and commitment to work, little is known about nursing students' motivation regulation during their studies. The aim of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of nursing students' motivation regulation (MR) strategies and factors contributing to their reported use along their 3‐year study path in a blended learning environment. A purposeful sampling was used to select 12 undergraduate nursing students, who exhibited different MR profiles and had completed almost 3 years of study in a BL degree program. A qualitative, deductive, content analysis was used to depict students' experiences from their retrospective recollection in the interview situation. Seven motivation strategies were identified: environmental structuring, self‐consequating, goal‐oriented self‐talk, efficacy management, emotion regulation, regulation of value, and interest enhancement. Individual and situational factors were found to enhance and to sustain the use of appropriate MR strategies. The students exhibited versatility in their use of MR strategies, which were related to the study phase. These findings regarding nursing students' MR strategies should be considered in the development of nursing education programs and the implementation of improvements that contribute to professional and self‐regulated learning in BL programs.
A VIT‐like transporter facilitates iron transport into nodule symbiosomes for nitrogen fixation in soybean
Authors: Liu Sheng , Liao Li Li , Nie Miao Miao , Peng Wen Ting , Zhang Meng Shi , Lei Jia Ning , Zhong Yong Jia , Liao Hong , Chen Zhi Chang 
Published: March 2020

Summary

Effective legume–rhizobia symbiosis depends on efficient nutrient exchange. Rhizobia need to synthesize iron‐containing proteins for symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) in nodules, which depends on host plant‐mediated iron uptake into the symbiosome.

We functionally investigated a pair of vacuolar iron transporter like (VTL) genes, GmVTL1a/b, in soybean (Glycine max) and evaluated their contributions to SNF, including investigations of gene expression patterns, subcellular localization, and mutant phenotypes.

Though both GmVTL1a/b genes were specifically expressed in the fixation zone of the nodule, GmVTL1a was the lone member to be localized at the tonoplast of tobacco protoplasts, and shown to facilitate ferrous iron transport in yeast. GmVTL1a targets the symbiosome in infected cells, as verified by in situ immunostaining. Two vtl1 knockout mutants had lower iron concentrations in nodule cell sap and peribacteroid units than in wild‐type plants, suggesting that GmVTL1 knockout inhibited iron import into symbiosomes. Furthermore, GmVTL1 knockout minimally affected soybean growth under nonsymbiotic conditions, but dramatically impaired nodule development and SNF activity under nitrogen‐limited and rhizobia‐inoculation conditions, which eventually led to growth retardation.

Taken together, these results demonstrate that GmVTL1a is indispensable for SNF in nodules as a transporter of ferrous iron from the infected root cell cytosol to the symbiosome.
Cooling and immunomodulation for treating hypoxic‐ischemic brain injury
Authors: Cho Kenta HT , Davidson Joanne O , Dean Justin M , Bennet Laura , Gunn Alistair J 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTherapeutic hypothermia is now well established to partially reduce disability in term and near‐term infants with moderate‐severe hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy. Preclinical and clinical studies have confirmed that current protocols for therapeutic hypothermia are near optimal. The challenge is now to identify complementary therapies that can further improve outcomes, in combination with therapeutic hypothermia. Overall, anti‐excitatory and anti‐apoptotic agents have shown variable or even no benefit in combination with hypothermia, suggesting overlapping mechanisms of neuroprotection. Inflammation appears to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of injury in the neonatal brain, and thus, there is potential for drugs with immunomodulatory properties that target inflammation to be used as a therapy in neonates. In this review, we examine the evidence for neuroprotection with immunomodulation after hypoxia‐ischemia. For example, stem cell therapy can reduce inflammation, increase cell survival, and promote cell maturation and repair. There are also encouraging preclinical data from small animals suggesting that stem cell therapy can augment hypothermic neuroprotection. However, there is conflicting evidence, and rigorous testing in translational animal models is now needed.
Deciphering UV‐induced DNA Damage Responses to Prevent and Treat Skin Cancer
Authors: Lee Jihoon W. , Ratnakumar Kajan , Hung Kai‐Feng , Rokunohe Daiki , Kawasumi Masaoki 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUltraviolet (UV) radiation is among the most prevalent environmental factors that influence human health and disease. Even 1 h of UV irradiation extensively damages the genome. To cope with resulting deleterious DNA lesions, cells activate a multitude of DNA damage response pathways, including DNA repair. Strikingly, UV‐induced DNA damage formation and repair are affected by chromatin state. When cells enter S phase with these lesions, a distinct mutation signature is created via error‐prone translesion synthesis. Chronic UV exposure leads to high mutation burden in skin and consequently the development of skin cancer, the most common cancer in the United States. Intriguingly, UV‐induced oxidative stress has opposing effects on carcinogenesis. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of UV‐induced DNA damage responses will be useful for preventing and treating skin cancer with greater precision. Excitingly, recent studies have uncovered substantial depth of novel findings regarding the molecular and cellular consequences of UV irradiation. In this review, we will discuss updated mechanisms of UV‐induced DNA damage responses including the ATR pathway, which maintains genome integrity following UV irradiation. We will also present current strategies for preventing and treating nonmelanoma skin cancer, including ATR pathway inhibition for prevention and photodynamic therapy for treatment.
Effects of Photobiomodulation on Daphnia magna Straus and their Sensitivity to Toxicant
Authors: Vorobyeva Olga V. , Samoylova Tatyana A. , Yusupov Vladimir I. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper deals with the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) on Daphnia magna S. and their sensitivity to cadmium sulfate, a known high toxic pollutant. In a first series of experiments, the effect of different He‐Ne laser fluences irradiation (range 0.9‐4300 mJ cm−2) on the fertility of both parent and filial generations (F1–F3) of the crustacean was studied. It was found that PBM in some cases significantly influenced the fertility of both irradiated crustaceans and their nonirradiated offspring. By selecting two fluences (9 ± 2 mJ cm−2 reducing fertility and 4.3 ± 0.9 J cm−2 increasing it), the effect of these on toxicity of cadmium sulfate was evaluated. These experiments have shown that prior irradiation with low‐intensity light of a helium–neon laser with 632.8 nm wavelength can change the sensitivity of aquatic organisms to toxin cadmium sulfate. The degree and direction of changes depend on the toxicant concentration and the irradiation dose.
Living donor liver transplantation for congenital hepatic fibrosis in children
Authors: Irie Rie , Nakazawa Atsuko , Sakamoto Seisuke , Takeda Masahiro , Yanagi Yusuke , Shimizu Seiichi , Uchida Hajime , Fukuda Akinari , Miyazaki Osamu , Nosaka Syunsuke , Kasahara Mureo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCongenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF) often accompanies autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD), which stems from a PKHD1 gene mutation. The aim of this study was to clarify the prognosis of children with CHF who received living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) from donors who might be heterozygous carriers of a hepatorenal fibrocystic disease. Fourteen children with CHF who underwent LDLT at our center were enrolled. Eight and two patients had ARPKD and nephronophthisis, respectively. Eight of the donors were the recipients’ fathers, and six donors were their mothers. We examined the histological and radiological findings of the donor livers and complications in the recipients following the liver transplantation. Seven of the donor livers presented morphological abnormalities of the bile ducts. Abdominal computed tomography revealed liver cysts in eight donors. One recipient underwent re‐LT for graft failure due to rejection. Three patients presented with rejection, and one presented with sepsis. The overall survival rate was 100% and the original graft survival rate was 93%. In conclusion, the prognosis of recipients who received a LDLT from their parents for CHF was excellent. However, the morphology of half the donor livers was abnormal. Careful follow‐up is needed to ensure long‐term graft survival.
Public Stigma Toward Persons with Suicidal Thoughts—Do Age, Sex, and Medical Condition of Affected Persons Matter?
Authors: Ludwig Julia , Liebherz Sarah , Dreier Mareike , Härter Martin , von dem Knesebeck Olaf 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveSuicidal persons often face public stigmatization which affects help‐seeking behavior and may lead to an additional suicide risk. There is not much known about differences in stigmatizing attitudes concerning characteristics of affected persons. The present study investigates public stigma toward suicidal persons in Germany by focussing on differences concerning sex, age, and medical condition of the affected person.MethodA national telephone survey (N = 2,002) was conducted using case vignettes presenting a person with suicidal thoughts. Vignettes systematically varied in sex, age, and medical condition (depressive symptoms vs. cancer). Several components of stigma were assessed (“weakness of will” as a cause, separation, negative emotional reactions, and desire for social distance).ResultsAbout 44% of the respondents agreed that a cause of suicidal thoughts is “weakness of will,” and two thirds disagreed that they would feel and think the same as the described person. In terms of emotional reactions, fear was more pronounced than anger. Stigmatizing attitudes were particularly pronounced when the described person was female and depressive symptoms were presented.ConclusionsMagnitude of public suicide stigma varies depending on the characteristics of the described person. Groups that are at special risk of being stigmatized should be considered in antistigma programs.
Posterior corneal features in patients with Down syndrome and their relation with keratoconus
Authors: Vega-Estrada Alfredo , Fariselli Chiara , Alio Jorge L 
Published: March 2020

AimsTo characterise posterior corneal surface features in patients with Down syndrome (DS) and to compare them with healthy and mild keratoconus corneas.MethodsThis restrospective, comparative, non-randomised, clinical study included 123 eyes, divided into three groups (37 eyes of patients with DS, 46 with mild keratoconus and 40 controls), and took place at Vissum Alicante. Only patients with no previous ocular surgery, no corneal scars and no active ocular disease other than keratoconus were included. The Sirius System topographer (CSO, Firenze, Italy) was used in order to analyse posterior corneal surface keratometry, shape and keratoconus screening indices, posterior corneal aberrations, corneal volume and pachymetry.ResultsPatients with DS, when compared with healthy controls, have a steeper (mean keratometry 7 mm (KM): −6.30±0.44 vs −6.15±0.22; p<0.05) and more irregular (root mean square per unit of area: 4.5 mm 0.22±0.22 vs 0.09±0.03, p<0.001; posterior vertex of the ectatic area: 33.22±44.29 vs 10.63±2.88, p<0.001) posterior corneal surface, with higher aberrations (high-order aberrations (HOAs): 1.07±1.43 vs 0.15±0.06, p<0.001; coma-like: 0.88±1.09 vs 0.13±0.07, p<0.001) and thinnest pachymetry (497.68±26.88 vs 538.95±31.67, p<0.001). At the same time, no statistically significant difference was found between patients with DS and patients with mild keratoconus (p>0.05) in KM (−6.38±0.34), HOA (0.56±0.36), coma-like (0.51±0.34) and pachymetry (500.56±36.83).ConclusionsPosterior corneal surface of patients with DS is steeper, more irregular and shows more higher order aberrations, as well as reduced volume and thinner pachymetry than patients with healthy corneas. Additionally, posterior corneal surface in patients with DS shows similar characteristics to those found in mild keratoconus.
Understanding pretreatment loss to follow-up of tuberculosis patients: an explanatory qualitative study in Chennai, India
Authors: Thomas Beena E , Suresh Chandra , Lavanya J , Lindsley Mika M , Galivanche Amith T , Sellappan Senthil , Ovung Senthanro , Aravind Amritha , Lincy Savari , Raja Agnes Lawrence , Kokila S , Javeed B , Arumugam S , Mayer Kenneth H , Swaminathan Soumya , Subbaraman Ramnath 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionPretreatment loss to follow-up (PTLFU)—dropout of patients after diagnosis but before treatment registration—is a major gap in tuberculosis (TB) care in India and globally. Patient and healthcare worker (HCW) perspectives are critical for developing interventions to reduce PTLFU.MethodsWe tracked smear-positive TB patients diagnosed via sputum microscopy from 22 diagnostic centres in Chennai, one of India’s largest cities. Patients who did not start therapy within 14 days, or who died or were lost to follow-up before official treatment registration, were classified as PTLFU cases. We conducted qualitative interviews with trackable patients, or family members of patients who had died. We conducted focus group discussions (FGDs) with HCWs involved in TB care. Interview and FGD transcripts were coded and analysed with Dedoose software to identify key themes. We created categories into which themes clustered and identified relationships among thematic categories to develop an explanatory model for PTLFU.ResultsWe conducted six FGDs comprising 53 HCWs and 33 individual patient or family member interviews. Themes clustered into five categories. Examining relationships among categories revealed two pathways leading to PTLFU as part of an explanatory model. In the first pathway, administrative and organisational health system barriers—including the complexity of navigating the system, healthcare worker absenteeism and infrastructure failures—resulted in patients feeling frustration or resignation, leading to disengagement from care. In turn, HCWs faced work constraints that contributed to many of these health system barriers for patients. In the second pathway, negative HCW attitudes and behaviours contributed to patients distrusting the health system, resulting in refusal of care.ConclusionHealth system barriers contribute to PTLFU directly and by amplifying patient-related challenges to engaging in care. Interventions should focus on removing administrative hurdles patients face in the health system, improving quality of the HCW-patient interaction and alleviating constraints preventing HCWs from providing patient-centred care.
The REBOA window: a cadaveric study delineating the optimum site for austere cannulation of the femoral artery for resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta
Authors: Slim Naim , West C T , Rees P , Brassett C , Gaunt M 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionHaemorrhage is the major cause of early mortality following traumatic injury. Patients suffering from non-compressible torso haemorrhage are more likely to suffer early death. Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) can be effective in initial resuscitation; however, establishing swift arterial access is challenging, particularly in a severe shock. This is made more difficult by anatomical variability of the femoral vessels.MethodsThe femoral vessels were characterised in 81 cadaveric lower limbs, measuring specifically the distance from the inferior border of the inguinal ligament to the distal part of the origin of the profunda femoris artery (PFA), and from the distal part of the origin of the PFA to where the femoral vein lies posterior to and is completely overlapped by the femoral artery.ResultsThe femoral vein lay deep to the femoral artery at a mean distance of 105 mm from the inferior border of the inguinal ligament. The PFA arose from the femoral artery at a mean distance of 51.1 mm from the inguinal ligament. From the results, it is predicted that the PFA originates from the common femoral artery approximately 24 mm from the inguinal ligament, and the femoral vein is completely overlapped by the femoral artery by 67.7 mm distal from the inguinal ligament, in 95% of subjects.ConclusionsBased on the results, proposed is an ‘optimal access window’ of up to 24 mm inferior to the inguinal ligament for common femoral arterial catheterisation for pre-hospital REBOA, or more simply within one finger breadth.
Characterising keratometry in different dog breeds using an automatic handheld keratometer
Authors: Kawasaki Minae , Furujo Tomoya , Kuroda Kohei , Azuma Kazuo , Okamoto Yoshiharu , Ito Norihiko 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundKeratometry is clinically important and is routinely performed as part of human ophthalmic examination. In veterinary ophthalmology, little is known about keratometry in dogs, and its practical application has been limited. The present study aimed to describe keratometry in some dog breeds popular in Japan using a handheld keratometer.MethodsClient‐owned dogs of various signalment were enrolled prospectively in the keratometry examination. Interbreed variations in mean corneal curvatures (R1R2avg) and corneal astigmatism (Δ(R1−R2)) were evaluated statistically with respect to their bodyweight based on the data which fulfilled the predetermined inclusion criteria. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsOn examination of 237 dogs from 16 different breeds, R1R2avg (mean±sd) ranged from 7.54±0.30 mm in Pomeranians to 9.28±0.19 mm in golden retrievers. Δ(R1−R2) (mean±sd) ranged from 0.22±0.11 mm in miniature schnauzers to 0.57±0.30 mm in French bulldogs.ConclusionThe present study successfully described keratometry in 16 dog breeds. The study revealed considerable interbreed variations in both R1R2avg and Δ(R1−R2), which did not necessarily correlate with bodyweight. These results are useful both clinically in fitting contact lenses in the management of corneal diseases and non‐clinically in optometric studies in dogs.
FCNC transitions of $$\Lambda _b$$ to neutron in Bethe–Salpeter equation approach
Authors: Liu Liang-Liang , Wang Chao , Kang Xian-Wei , Guo Xin-Heng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn a covariant quark–diquark model, we investigate the rare decay of $$\Lambda _b \rightarrow n l^+ l^-$$Λb→nl+l- and $$\Lambda _b \rightarrow n \gamma $$Λb→nγ in the Bethe–Salpeter equation approach. In this model the baryons are treated as bound states of a constituent quark and a diquark interacting via a gluon exchange and the linear confinement. We find that the ratio of form factors R is varies from $$-0.90$$-0.90 to $$-0.25$$-0.25 and the branching ratios $$Br(\Lambda _b \rightarrow n l^+ l^-)\times 10^{8}$$Br(Λb→nl+l-)×108 are $$6.79(l=e),~4.08 ~ (l=\mu ),~2.9 ~(l=\tau ) $$6.79(l=e),4.08(l=μ),2.9(l=τ) and the branching ratio $$Br(\Lambda _b \rightarrow n \gamma )\times 10^{7} )=3.69$$Br(Λb→nγ)×107)=3.69 in central values of parameters.
Physics potential of the ESS$$\nu $$SB
Authors: Blennow M. , Fernandez-Martinez E. , Ota T. , Rosauro-Alcaraz S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe ESS$$\nu $$νSB project proposes to base a neutrino “Super Beam” of unprecedented luminosity at the European Spallation Source. The original proposal identified the second peak of the oscillation probability as the optimal to maximize the discovery potential to leptonic CP violation. However this choice reduces the statistics at the detector and penalizes other complementary searches such as the determination of the atmospheric oscillation parameters, particularly the octant of $$\theta _{23}$$θ23 as well as the neutrino mass ordering. We explore how these shortcomings can be alleviated by the combination of the beam data with the atmospheric neutrino sample that would also be collected at the detector. We find that the combination not only improves very significantly these drawbacks, but also enhances both the CP violation discovery potential and the precision in the measurement of the CP violating phase, for which the facility was originally optimized, by lifting parametric degeneracies. We then reassess the optimization of the ESS$$\nu $$νSB setup when the atmospheric neutrino sample is considered, with an emphasis in performing a measurement of the CP violating phase as precise as possible. We find that for the presently preferred value of $$\delta \sim -\pi /2$$δ∼-π/2, shorter baselines and longer running time in neutrino mode would be optimal. In these conditions, a measurement better than $$14^\circ $$14∘ would be achievable for any value of the $$\theta _{23}$$θ23 octant and the mass ordering. Conversely, if present and next generation facilities were not able to discover CP violation, longer baselines and more even splitting between neutrino and neutrino modes would be preferable. These choices would allow a $$5 \sigma $$5σ discovery of CP violation for around a $$60\%$$60% of the possible values of $$\delta $$δ and to determine its value with a precision around $$6^\circ $$6∘ if it is close to 0 or $$\pi $$π.