bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, types and recognition of cognitive impairment in dialysis patients in South Eastern Sydney
Authors: Kwan Elaine , Draper Brian , Endre Zoltan H. , Harvey Samuel B. , Brown Mark A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn international studies, cognitive impairment is a common but underdetected issue in dialysis patients. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) shares risk factors with and is an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment. There is a lack of Australian data on cognitive impairment in this at‐risk population. This has implications on service planning because cognitive impairment in CKD is associated with higher mortality, morbidity and healthcare costs.AimsTo examine the prevalence, types and clinician recognition of cognitive impairment within an Australian dialysis population.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients in South Eastern Sydney screened for cognitive impairment using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Participant interviews, medical records, physician and carer questionnaires, were used to determine the types of cognitive impairment and rate of recognition.ResultsOne hundred and six participants were included (median age 66 years, median dialysis duration 2 years) and 58 (54.7%) were cognitively impaired on the MoCA, of whom old age psychiatrists sub‐classified 21 (36.2%) as having dementia, and 31 (53.4%) with ‘cognitive impairment, no dementia’; 36/58 (62.0%) of the cognitively impaired participants on the MoCA were suspected of having cognitive impairment by nephrologists but only 14/58 (24.1%) had this documented in medical records.ConclusionAlthough cognitive impairment is common in dialysis patients, there are low levels of detection by clinical teams. Cognitive screening of dialysis patients should be incorporated as part of wider assessment and determination of management goals such as individuals' capacity to self‐care and provide informed consent to treatments.
Oral amoxicillin challenge for low‐risk penicillin allergic patients
Authors: Livirya Silabhakta , Pithie Alan , Chua Ignatius , Hamilton Niall , Doogue Matthew , Isenman Heather 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPenicillin allergy is the most reported adverse drug reaction (ADR). Being labelled with ‘penicillin allergy’ is associated with suboptimal antibiotic therapy and poor patient outcomes. Most labelled with ‘penicillin allergy’ are at low risk of harm from penicillins and guidelines recommend testing for accurate diagnosis. Although skin testing is recommended to exclude immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐mediated reactions, there is limited access in most settings.AimsTo evaluate oral amoxicillin challenge without prior skin testing for patients labelled with ‘penicillin allergy’ assessed as low risk during hospital admission.MethodsGeneral Medical inpatients with a ‘penicillin allergy’ label were assessed. For those who had tolerated a penicillin since the index event, the ADR label was removed. Those assessed as ‘low risk’ were administered 250 mg amoxicillin orally without prior skin testing. The durability of de‐labelling was subsequently assessed by review of clinical records.ResultsOf 224 patients with a history of a penicillin ADR, 162 (72%) were low risk. A further 12 were excluded and of the remaining 150, 56 (37%) had tolerated penicillins since their index reaction and were de‐labelled without challenge, 15 (10%) with a non‐allergic history were de‐labelled. The remaining 79 were offered an oral amoxicillin challenge; 38 declined and 41 tolerated amoxicillin. Overall, 112 of the 224 (50%) patients had their ADR label removed.ConclusionsA careful ADR history enables de‐labelling of many patients. An oral amoxicillin challenge without prior skin testing is safe and feasible for low‐risk penicillin allergic patients while in hospital.
Living naked: first case of lack of skin‐related structures in an elasmobranch, the blackmouth catshark (Galeus melastomus)
Authors: Mulas Antonello , Bellodi Andrea , Porcu Cristina , Cau Alessandro , Coluccia Elisabetta , Demurtas Riccardo , Marongiu Martina Francesca , Pesci Paola , Follesa Maria Cristina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs far as is known, in this paper the first case of lacking of skin‐related structures (epidermis, stratum laxum, dermal denticles and teeth) in a free‐swimming elasmobranch, the blackmouth catshark, Galeus melastomus, is reported. The individual was caught by trawl in Sardinian waters (central‐western Mediterranean) in July 2019 at a depth of 500 m. Although this kind of morphological abnormality is potentially fatal, the observations suggested that the specimen was in good health and well developed.
Enhanced flood mapping using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, hydraulic modelling, and social media: A case study of Hurricane Harvey (Houston, TX)
Authors: Scotti Vincenzo , Giannini Mario , Cioffi Francesco 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPost event flooding maps are currently extracted from synthetic‐aperture radar (SAR) and/or optical satellite images or developing using hydraulic model simulations. Several sources of uncertainties impact the accuracy of such flood maps constructed from each method, especially in urban areas. An integrated approach that combines satellite imagines of flooded areas, hydraulic models, and markers from social media that should reduce these uncertainties and allow a more accurate reconstruction of flooded urban areas, is presented in this paper. The flooding associated with Hurricane Harvey in Houston, TX was chosen as a case study. Model validations demonstrate the effectiveness of our integrated approach in reconstructing an accurate flooding map, as well as the temporal and spatial patterns of flooding. Using the experience from this case study we discuss the possibility to use satellite data, instead of ground‐based rainfall gauge measurements as precipitation inputs to the hydraulic model; and possible error sources in simulating flooding in urban areas using the hydraulic model.
Asian Organization for Crohn's and Colitis and Asia Pacific Association of Gastroenterology practice recommendations for medical management and monitoring of inflammatory bowel disease in Asia
Authors: Ran Zhihua , Wu Kaichun , Matsuoka Katsuyoshi , Jeen Yoon Tae , Wei Shu Chen , Ahuja Vineet , Chen Minhu , Hu Pin‐Jin , Andoh Akira , Kim Hyo Jong , Yang Suk‐Kyun , Watanabe Mamoru , Ng Siew Chien , Hibi Toshifumi , Hilmi Ida Normiha , Suzuki Yasuo , Han Dong Soo , Leung Wai Keung , Sollano Jose , Ooi Choon Jin , Qian Jiaming 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has increased in incidence and prevalence in Asian countries since the end of the 20th century. Moreover, differences in the cause, phenotypes, and natural history of IBD between the East and West have been recognized. Therefore, the Asian Organization for Crohn's and Colitis and the Asia Pacific Association of Gastroenterology have established recommendations on medical management of IBD in Asia. Initially, the committee members drafted 40 recommendations, which were then assessed according to Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Eight statements were rejected as this indicated that consensus had not been reached. The recommendations encompass pretreatment evaluation; medical management of active IBD; medical management of IBD in remission; management of IBD during the periconception period and pregnancy; surveillance strategies for colitis‐associated cancer; monitoring side effects of thiopurines and methotrexate; and infections in IBD.
Estimates of relative acceptability from paired preference tests
Authors: Luckett Curtis R. , Burns Sara L. , Jenkinson Lindsay 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe relative acceptability of a food or beverage is an important data point in many different scenarios. In humans, a nine‐point category scale is typically used when the hedonic characteristics of several products are of interest. However, these scales are not consistently used by participants and therefore reliability is low. This article outlines the effectiveness of four techniques (mElo, Thurstonian modeling, Bradley–Terry, and Friedman) to calculate numerical values for products based upon their performance in a paired preference paradigm. In this study, acceptance data from four separate studies were compared to numeric scores constructed from a paired preference paradigm. In general, numeric ratings constructed from paired comparisons correlated very well with the mean overall liking ratings. The relationship between these acceptance ratings and numerical preference ratings did show to be somewhat dependent on the type of food product. This study serves as a guide to those looking to further quantify paired preference data.Practical ApplicationsPaired preference tests are simple and easy to understand for those who struggle with test instructions and numerical scales. However, in a multisample paradigm, sensory scientists have overwhelmingly chosen to use rating scales for a variety of reasons. This study shows the effectiveness of alternative data analysis techniques to extract numerical values for relative acceptance based on paired preference tests. This information could be used in the implementation of paired preference tests to replace traditional affective testing in groups that do not perform well with scales (e.g., children) or as an alternate analysis method for paired preference tests.
Do Ethnic Networks Ameliorate Education–Occupation Mismatch?
Authors: Schuss Eric 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe question to what extent ethnic networks affect occupational mismatch has so far been overlooked. This paper exploits supraregional variation in ethnic composition in Germany and shows that a one standard deviation increase in the share of the own ethnic group per zip code significantly reduces the years of overqualification for females, by 0.27 years. For males, neither the foreign share nor the ethnic share per residency area is found to significantly impact the extent of overqualification. Selection into residency groups and occupations and different endowments in language capital explain the more efficient benefit of ethnic networks accrued to females.
Conceptualizations of function‐focused care used by practitioners in Korean nursing homes
Authors: Chang Sung Ok , Lee Su Jung , Park Min Sun , Choi Young Lim , Kim Geun Myun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis qualitative study aims to explore practitioners' (nurses, physiotherapists, social workers, and occupational therapists) conceptualizations of function‐focused care for nursing home residents. Between September 2017 and February 2018, we collected data from 18 participants in five nursing homes using semi‐structured interviews. We then performed phenomenographic data and content analyses. Five categories were identified in the assessment domain: “functional limitation associated with physical condition,” “functional limitation associated with cognitive condition,” “change from baseline function,” “ability to cooperate with caregivers to improve function,” and “motivation to improve function.” Five categories were identified in the intervention domain: “minimizing damage,” “strengthening physical resources,” “repetitive musculoskeletal strengthening,” “stimulating motivation for self‐care,” and “planning enhancement of function through emotional stability.” Our findings may contribute to improving understanding of actual practice and provide an important starting point for developing knowledge about how function‐focused care is performed in nursing homes.
The Government Spending Multiplier at the Zero Lower Bound: Evidence from the United States
Authors: Di Serio Mario , Fragetta Matteo , Gasteiger Emanuel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe estimate state‐dependent government spending multipliers for the United States. We use a factor‐augmented interacted vector autoregression (FAIVAR) model. This allows us to capture the time‐varying monetary policy characteristics including the recent zero interest rate lower bound (ZLB) state, to account for the state of the business cycle and to address the limited information problem typically inherent in VARs. We identify government spending shocks by sign restrictions and use a government spending growth forecast series to account for the effects of anticipated fiscal policy. In our baseline specification, we find that government spending multipliers in a recession range from 3.56 to 3.79 at the ZLB. Away from the ZLB, multipliers in recessions range from 2.31 to 3.05. Several robustness analyses confirm that multipliers are higher, when the interest rate is lower and that multipliers in recessions exceed multipliers in expansions. Our results are consistent with theories that predict larger multipliers at the ZLB.
Balancing growth and adaptation to stress: Crosstalk between brassinosteroid and abscisic acid signaling
Authors: Wang Qian , Yu Feifei , Xie Qi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPlant growth and development are plastic and canadapt to environmental changes. In this process different plant hormones coordinate to modulate plant growth and environmental interactions. In this article, we describe the individual brassinosteroid (BR) and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathways, emphasize the specific regulatory mechanisms between ABA and BR responses and discuss how both phytohormones coordinate growth, development and stress responses in plants. BR signaling is essential for plant development, while ABA signaling is activated to ensure plants survive stress. The crosstalk between BR and ABA, especially protein phosphorylation, protein stability control and downstream transcription control of key components of both pathways are discussed in terms of modulating plant development and stress adaptation.
Collective Reason, the Rationality Gap, and Political Leadership
Authors: Paskalev Vesco 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe article discusses the implications of the well‐known discursive dilemma. The dilemma arises whenever a reasoned decision has to be taken by a collective decision‐maker and generates persistent contradiction between what is defined as collective reason and public opinion. Following Philip Pettit, I argue that collective reason is normatively preferable and that the role of existing constitutional institutions in contemporary democracies is to collectivise reason. However, this makes the frustration of popular will a systematic by‐product of any well‐functioning political process. I argue that the only way out is if individual beliefs are subject to revision during cycles of public deliberations with the responsibility to lead this thrusted upon elected representatives.
Probabilistic Analysis of Domino Effects by Using a Matrix‐Based Simulation Approach
Authors: Zhou Jianfeng , Reniers Genserik 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMajor industrial accidents occurring at so‐called major hazard installations may cause domino accidents which are among the most destructive industrial accidents existing at present. As there may be many hazard installations in an area, a primary accident scenario may potentially propagate from one installation to another, and correlations exist in probability calculations of domino effects. In addition, during the propagation of a domino effect, accidents of diverse types may occur, some of them having a synergistic effect, while others do not. These characteristics make the analytical formulation of domino accidents very complex. In this work, a simple matrix‐based modeling approach for domino effect analysis is proposed. Matrices can be used to represent the mutual influences of different escalation vectors between installations. On this basis, an analysis approach for accident propagation as well as a simulation‐based algorithm for probability calculation of accidents and accident levels is provided. The applicability and flexibility of this approach is discussed while applying it to estimate domino probabilities in a case study.
Interindividual Variation in Source‐Specific Doses is a Determinant of Health Impacts of Combined Chemical Exposures
Authors: Price Paul 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAll individuals are exposed to multiple chemicals from multiple sources. These combined exposures are a concern because they may cause adverse effects that would not occur from an exposure recieved from any single source. Studies of combined chemical exposures, however, have found that the risks posed by such combined exposures are almost always driven by exposures from a few chemicals and sources and frequently by a single chemical from a single source. Here, a series of computer simulations of combined exposures are used to investigate when multiple sources of chemicals drive the largest risks in a population and when a single chemical from a single source is responsible for the largest risks. The analysis found that combined exposures drive the largest risks when the interindividual variation of source‐specific doses is small, moderate‐to‐high correlations occur between the source‐specific doses, and the number of sources affecting an individual varies across individuals. These findings can be used to identify sources with the greatest potential to cause combined exposures of concern.
South Tyrol and Åland: Collective Identity in the Interplay of Old and New Minorities
Authors: Dosch Jörn , Lakatos Malvina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAcross Europe, the refugee crisis of 2015 and 2016 triggered debates about the openness of societies as well as the nature and flexibility of the collective national identity. The Finnish Åland Islands and the Italian province of South Tyrol enjoy an extensive degree of autonomy within otherwise unitary states, and have developed far‐reaching legal and other formal mechanisms for the protection of minorities. The respective statutes of autonomy guarantee the existence and use of Swedish and German, respectively, and thus protect the status of their bearers in relation to the majority population. We argue that the process of gaining and sustaining autonomy has, in turn, created a strong institutional basis for the formation of the collective identity. As a result, the Ålandic and South Tyrolean societies have been flexible and effective in their approach to the integration of migrants as new minority groups. At the same time, neither immigration in general nor the recent wave of refugees has had a pronounced impact on existing concepts of identity, let alone resulted in a change to the way identities are constructed in socio‐political terms.
Liberating the classroom: Ethnographic elements in liberation theologies curricula
Authors: Hankela Elina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA lively conversation has arisen in recent years among theologians concerning ethnographic theology. While liberation theologians have scarcely participated in it, an emphasis on lived experience – which ethnography aims to understand – lies at the heart of theologies of liberation. This article addresses the question of employing ethnographic elements in teaching liberation theologies by bringing higher education scholarship into conversation with the liberation theological discourse. It is argued that ethnographic methods, if framed within the liberationist discourse, provide effective tools for liberation theologies curricula, because such methods are in line with the liberationist threshold concept of interlocution. In a secular university, ethnographic methods can, furthermore, provide the student with epistemological distance from the truths of liberation theologies, while the inclusion of ethnography in theologies curricula can be conceptualized as an aspect of decolonizing education. Although the article focuses on teaching liberation theologies, the general principles can also be applied to teaching theology and religion more broadly.
Mesoscale modeling and debris generation in hypervelocity impacts
Authors: Bouchey Stephanie N. Q. , Hollenshead Jeromy T. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Material fragmentation after a hypervelocity impact is of interest to predictive electro-optical and infrared (EO/IR) modeling. Successful comparisons with data require that submicron fragments are generated in such impacts; however, experimental data has so far been unable to produce fragments of this scale [e.g., 1-3]. This effort investigated the generation of predicted debris from hypervelocity impact of a sphere on a flat, semi-infinite plate. It is hypothesized that explicit modeling of grains, especially in the presence of void and varying grain properties, may lead to differences in predicted strain rates (locally higher) associated with the grain boundaries. Such an effect may lead to smaller predicted fragments sizes than when using the traditional bulk modeling approach and may provide improved understanding of fragmentation modeling in hypervelocity impacts. Comparisons of predicted strain rates at failure (a proxy for fragment size) and material temperature were made between simulations run using a bulk modeling approach and a mesoscale grain modeling approach.
Predicting orbital debris-induced failure risk of wire harnesses using SPH hydrocode modeling
Authors: Williamsen Joel , Squire Michael , Evans Steven 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper describes a method derived to assess the probability of two types of complex cable failures (partial and full wire breaks), considering their location with respect to the debris spray from penetration of multi-layer insulation (MLI) suspended over them, and the likelihood of impacting particle sizes and velocities as predicted by NASA’s model for predicting orbital debris impact size and velocity distributions for satellites in low earth orbit, ORDEM. The smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) code was used to determine the onset of these two failure types following hypervelocity impact for different orbital debris velocities, sizes and orientations relative to four different wire locations for a prototypical satellite in a 98-degree polar orbit at an altitude of approximately 750 km (i.e., a typical weather satellite). Interpolations between hydrocode results, combined with ORDEM predictions of orbital debris likelihoods, were used to predict overall risk of each failure type. Adding a few layers of beta cloth over the wires cut the risk of each failure type in half.
Defeating Modern Armor and Protection Systems
Authors: Graswald Markus , Gutser Raphael , Breiner Jakob , Grabner Florian , Lehmann Timo , Oelerich Andrea 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
An open source research and vulnerability study of main battle tanks and their protections systems revealed that current anti-tank weapons may not be suited to defeat modern threats. One example is the novel T-14 tank being developed and tested in the Russian army with its combined hard-kill and soft-kill active protection system AFGANIT / SHTORA, its new reactive armor MALACHIT as well as improved multi-component passive armor. Additionally, modern active protection systems currently developed in, e.g., Israel, the United States, and Germany feature also multi-sensor and multi-effector systems with drastically improved detection and intercept ranges, short system reaction times as well as protection against multiple threats attacking simultaneously and / or from similar directions. While known effectors and concepts may overcome fielded active protections systems, they are probably not suited in defeating such modern and even future systems. Countermeasures relying on high engagement velocities through improved kinetic energy projectiles or hypervelocity penetrators may provide a potential solution. Another promising concept generates directed, far-distance electromagnetic effects defeating sensors and communications systems of modern main battle tanks. After such a mission kill, a following salvo attack through an anti-tank or modern multi-role weapon will eventually lead to a catastrophic kill. Feasibility studies of these mobile electromagnetic effectors have already shown their high potential.