bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Haematology
Authors: Banerjee Ashis , Jafar Anisa J. N. , Mukherjee Angshuman , Solomonides Christian , Witt Erik 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter on haematology contains seven clinical Short Answer Questions (SAQs) with explanations and sources for further reading. Possible disorders and accompanying symptoms of haematological origin that may present in the emergency department include Henoch–Schönlein purpura, immune thrombocytopenia, sickle cell crisis, and haemolytic transfusion reaction. It will be up to the emergency doctor to assess, diagnose, and decide upon a treatment path for each patient. The cases described in this chapter are all situations any emergency doctor is likely to encounter at some point in his or her career. The material in this chapter will greatly aid revision for the Final FRCEM examination.
Musculoskeletal Conditions
Authors: Banerjee Ashis , Jafar Anisa J. N. , Mukherjee Angshuman , Solomonides Christian , Witt Erik 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter on musculoskeletal disorders contains 15 clinical Short Answer Questions (SAQs) with explanations and sources for further reading. Possible disorders and accompanying symptoms of musculoskeletal origin that may present in the emergency department include back pain, septic arthritis, fractures, joint dislocations, and chest injuries, among others. It will be up to the emergency doctor to assess, diagnose, and decide upon a treatment path for each patient. The cases described in this chapter are all situations any emergency doctor is likely to encounter at some point in his or her career. The material in this chapter will greatly aid revision for the Final FRCEM examination.
Neurology and Psychiatry
Authors: Banerjee Ashis , Jafar Anisa J. N. , Mukherjee Angshuman , Solomonides Christian , Witt Erik 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter on neurology and psychiatry contains 17 clinical Short Answer Questions (SAQs) with explanations and sources for further reading. Possible disorders and accompanying symptoms of neurological or psychological origin that may present in the emergency department include stroke, seizures, transient ischaemic attacks, and herpes zoster ophthalmicus, among many others. It will be up to the emergency doctor to assess, diagnose, and decide upon a treatment path for each patient. The cases described in this chapter are all situations any emergency doctor is likely to encounter at some point in his or her career. The material in this chapter will greatly aid revision for the Final FRCEM examination.
Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Authors: Banerjee Ashis , Jafar Anisa J. N. , Mukherjee Angshuman , Solomonides Christian , Witt Erik 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter on obstetrics and gynaecology contains 13 clinical Short Answer Questions (SAQs) with explanations and sources for further reading. Possible disorders and accompanying symptoms of gynaecological origin that may present in the emergency department include ectopic pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory disease, and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, among others. It will be up to the emergency doctor to assess, diagnose, and decide upon a treatment path for each patient. The cases described in this chapter are all situations any emergency doctor is likely to encounter at some point in his or her career. The material in this chapter will greatly aid revision for the Final FRCEM examination.
Ophthalmology
Authors: Banerjee Ashis , Jafar Anisa J. N. , Mukherjee Angshuman , Solomonides Christian , Witt Erik 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter on general opthalmology contains 12 clinical Short Answer Questions (SAQs) with explanations and sources for further reading. Possible disorders and accompanying symptoms of ophthalmologicall origin that may present in the emergency department include intraocular foreign bodies, glaucoma, Horner’s syndrome, vitreous haemorrhage, and orbital fractures, among many others. It will be up to the emergency doctor to assess, diagnose, and decide upon a treatment path for each patient. The cases described in this chapter are all situations any emergency doctor is likely to encounter at some point in his or her career. The material in this chapter will greatly aid revision for the Final FRCEM examination.
Respiratory Medicine
Authors: Banerjee Ashis , Jafar Anisa J. N. , Mukherjee Angshuman , Solomonides Christian , Witt Erik 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter on respiratory medicine contains 12 clinical Short Answer Questions (SAQs) with explanations and sources for further reading. Possible disorders and their accompanying symptoms of respiratory origin that may present in the emergency department include asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, and massive haemoptysis. It will be up to the emergency doctor to assess, diagnose, and decide upon a treatment path for each patient. The cases described in this chapter are all situations any emergency doctor is likely to encounter at some point in his or her career. The material in this chapter will greatly aid revision for the Final FRCEM examination.
Urology
Authors: Banerjee Ashis , Jafar Anisa J. N. , Mukherjee Angshuman , Solomonides Christian , Witt Erik 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter on urology contains nine clinical Short Answer Questions (SAQs) with explanations and sources for further reading. Possible disorders and accompanying symptoms of urological origin that may present in the emergency department include haematuria, ureteric stones, acute urinary retention, acute kidney injury, and priapism. It will be up to the emergency doctor to assess, diagnose, and decide upon a treatment path for each patient. The cases described in this chapter are all situations any emergency doctor is likely to encounter at some point in his or her career. The material in this chapter will greatly aid revision for the Final FRCEM examination.
Alleviating tension in ΛCDM and the local distance ladder from first principles with no free parameters
Authors: van Putten Maurice H P M 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
At increasing levels of confidence, Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) is challenged by tension in the Hubble parameter H0 with respect to the local distance ladder. We introduce a new approach to alleviating H0 tension by accelerated expansion leading up to an unstable de Sitter state (UdS) in the distant future. It shares the same parameters H0 and ΩM, 0 of late-time ΛCDM, wherein dS is assumed to be stable. For the matter density ΩM, 0, we test this by estimates over running inner intervals [0, zmax ] in the Pantheon data of 1048 supernovae supported by simulations over a common distribution of redshift data. We zoom in to the intermediate redshift interval [0.1, 0.4] well covered by data. For UdS, uncertainties in matter density in UdS are about one-half of those in ΛCDM and constancy exceeds that in ΛCDM by a factor greater than 2 as their estimates gradually diverge with z up to a significance of 2.5σ. UdS points to ΩM, 0 ≃ 0.3707 ± 0.015 that may be tested by future high-z observations on H(z).
Expression Atlas update: from tissues to single cells
Authors: Papatheodorou Irene , Moreno Pablo , Manning Jonathan , Fuentes Alfonso Muñoz-Pomer , George Nancy , Fexova Silvie , Fonseca Nuno A , Füllgrabe Anja , Green Matthew , Huang Ni , Huerta Laura , Iqbal Haider , Jianu Monica , Mohammed Suhaib , Zhao Lingyun , Jarnuczak Andrew F , Jupp Simon , Marioni John , Meyer Kerstin , Petryszak Robert , Prada Medina Cesar Augusto , Talavera-López Carlos , Teichmann Sarah , Vizcaino Juan Antonio , Brazma Alvis 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Expression Atlas is EMBL-EBI’s resource for gene and protein expression. It sources and compiles data on the abundance and localisation of RNA and proteins in various biological systems and contexts and provides open access to this data for the research community. With the increased availability of single cell RNA-Seq datasets in the public archives, we have now extended Expression Atlas with a new added-value service to display gene expression in single cells. Single Cell Expression Atlas was launched in 2018 and currently includes 123 single cell RNA-Seq studies from 12 species. The website can be searched by genes within or across species to reveal experiments, tissues and cell types where this gene is expressed or under which conditions it is a marker gene. Within each study, cells can be visualized using a pre-calculated t-SNE plot and can be coloured by different features or by cell clusters based on gene expression. Within each experiment, there are links to downloadable files, such as RNA quantification matrices, clustering results, reports on protocols and associated metadata, such as assigned cell types.
The Race to the Bottom Revisited: International Labour Law, Global Trade and Evolutionary Game Theory
Authors: Menashe Maayan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article revisits the ‘race to the bottom’ in international labour law, in light of new developments in evolutionary and epistemic game theory and considering new empirical findings on the economic effects of labour rights. Accordingly, it explores two solutions to this collective action problem not previously analysed in labour law literature—‘indeterminate play’ and the ‘correlating device’—and it shows how these solutions relate to international trade law and international labour law. Moreover, a new perspective is offered, according to which international labour law and international trade law can be complementary in fostering global co-operation on labour regulation and in supporting development efforts. Through a novel characterisation of global labour governance according to three game theoretical models, this study ultimately highlights the importance of freedom of association and collective bargaining in enhancing co-operation among states and promoting processes by which countries’ social and economic development can be incrementally raised.
Arabidopsis FLYING SAUCER 2 Functions Redundantly with FLY1 to Establish Normal Seed Coat Mucilage
Authors: Kunieda Tadashi , Hara-Nishimura Ikuko , Demura Taku , Haughn George W 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Following exposure to water, mature Arabidopsis seeds are surrounded by a gelatinous capsule, termed mucilage. The mucilage consists of pectin-rich polysaccharides, which are produced in epidermal cells of the seed coat. Although pectin is a major component of plant cell walls, its biosynthesis and biological functions are not fully understood. Previously, we reported that a transmembrane RING E3 ubiquitin ligase, FLYING SAUCER 1 (FLY1) regulates the degree of pectin methyl esterification for mucilage capsule formation. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome has a single FLY1 homolog, FLY2. In this study, we show that the FLY2 protein functions in mucilage modification together with FLY1. FLY2 was expressed in seed coat epidermal cells during mucilage synthesis, but its expression level was much lower than that of FLY1. While fly2 showed no obvious difference in mucilage capsule formation from wild type, the fly1 fly2 double mutants showed more severe defects in mucilage than fly1 alone. FLY2-EYFP that was expressed under the control of the FLY1 promoter rescued fly1 mucilage, showing that FLY2 has the same molecular function as FLY1. FLY2-EYFP colocalized with marker proteins of Golgi apparatus (sialyltransferase-mRFP) and late endosome (mRFP-ARA7), indicating that as FLY1, FLY2 controls pectin modification by functioning in these endomembrane organelles. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis suggests that FLY1 and FLY2 originated from a common ancestral gene by gene duplication prior to the emergence of Brassicaceae. Taken together, our findings suggest that FLY2 functions in the Golgi apparatus and/or the late endosome of seed coat epidermal cells in a manner similar to FLY1.
The Roots of Plant Frost Hardiness and Tolerance
Authors: Ambroise Valentin , Legay Sylvain , Guerriero Gea , Hausman Jean-Francois , Cuypers Ann , Sergeant Kjell 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFrost stress severely affects agriculture and agroforestry worldwide. Although many studies about frost hardening and resistance have been published, most of them focused on the aboveground organs and only a minority specifically targets the roots. However, roots and aboveground tissues have different physiologies and stress response mechanisms. Climate models predict an increase in the magnitude and frequency of late-frost events, which, together with an observed loss of soil insulation, will greatly decrease plant primary production due to damage at the root level. Molecular and metabolic responses inducing root cold hardiness are complex. They involve a variety of processes related to modifications in cell wall composition, maintenance of the cellular homeostasis and the synthesis of primary and secondary metabolites. After a summary of the current climatic models, this review details the specificity of freezing stress at the root level and explores the strategies roots developed to cope with freezing stress. We then describe the level to which roots can be frost hardy, depending on their age, size category and species. After that, we compare the environmental signals inducing cold acclimation and frost hardening in the roots and aboveground organs. Subsequently, we discuss how roots sense cold at a cellular level and briefly describe the following signal transduction pathway, which leads to molecular and metabolic responses associated with frost hardening. Finally, the current options available to increase root frost tolerance are explored and promising lines of future research are discussed.
Responsibility and Comparative Pride – a Critical Discussion of Morgan-Knapp
Authors: Mason Cathy 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Taking pride in being better than others in some regard is not uncommon. In a recent paper, Christopher Morgan-Knapp (2019) argues that such pride is misguided: it ‘presents things as being some way they are not’ (Morgan-Knapp 2019: 317). I argue that Morgan-Knapp's arguments do not succeed in showing that comparative pride is theoretically mistaken.
Temperature Shocks and Establishment Sales
Authors: Addoum Jawad M , Ng David T , Ortiz-Bobea Ariel 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Combining granular daily data on temperatures across the continental United States with detailed establishment data from 1990 to 2015, we study the causal impact of temperature shocks on establishment sales and productivity. Using a large sample yielding precise estimates, we do not find evidence that temperature exposures significantly affect establishment-level sales or productivity, including among industries traditionally classified as “heat sensitive.” At the firm level, we find that temperature exposures aggregated across firm establishments are generally unrelated to sales, productivity, and profitability. Our results support existing findings of a tenuous relation between temperature and aggregate economic growth in rich countries.
Early response to anti-TNF predicts long-term outcomes including sustained remission: an analysis of the BSRBR-RA
Authors: Hamann Philip D H , Pauling John D , McHugh Neil , Hyrich Kimme , Shaddick Gavin ,   and the BSRBR-RA Contributors Group
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objective
To identify different trajectories of disease activity in patients with RA following initiation of a first anti-TNF.

Methods
Patients with RA starting their first anti-TNF between 2001 and 2013 were selected from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register for RA. Six-monthly DAS28-ESR scores were used to identify trajectories of disease activity using latent class modelling. Data were included for six follow-ups after registration (approximately 3 years). Subgroup analysis examined changes in disease activity profiles over time.

Results
A total of 14 436 patients with RA starting their first anti-TNF were enrolled between 2001 and 2013 (13 115 between 2001 and 2008, 1321 between 2010 and 2013). The mean number of DAS28-ESR scores was 3.5/patient (s.d. 2.1), with a mean of 184.9 days (s.d. 69.9) between scores. The DAS28-ESR nadir was achieved within 250 days of commencing anti-TNF, although apparent trajectory divergence emerged by first 6-monthly follow-up at 180 days. Four distinct response trajectories comprised the most stable model. Most patients fitted into ‘modest’ (7986 patients; 55.3%) or ‘substantial’ (4676 patients; 32.4%) response trajectories. Of the remainder, 1254 (8.7%) and 520 (3.6%) fitted ‘maximal’ and ‘minimal’ response trajectories, respectively. There was a significant (P &lt; 0.01) increase in proportion achieving ‘maximal’ response between 2001–2008 and 2010–2013.

Conclusion
This is the largest study to identify long-term response trajectories with anti-TNF. By 6 months, longer-term trajectory profiles of DAS28 could already be identified, with many patients identified earlier. The majority of patients had persistent moderate response, equivalent to maintained DAS28-ESR moderate disease activity. The maximal response trajectory (equivalent to sustained DAS2-ESR remission) was only achieved by approximately one-third of patients.
An updated matrix to predict rapid radiographic progression of early rheumatoid arthritis patients: pooled analyses from several databases
Authors: Vanier Antoine , Smolen Josef S , Allaart Cornelia F , Van Vollenhoven Ronald , Verschueren Patrick , Vastesaeger Nathan , Saevarsdottir Saedis , Visser Karen , Aletaha Daniel , Combe Bernard , Fautrel Bruno 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objective
In early RA, some patients exhibit rapid radiographic progression (RRP) after one year, associated with poor functional prognosis. Matrices predicting this risk have been proposed, lacking precision or inadequately calibrated. We developed a matrix to predict RRP with high precision and adequate calibration.

Methods
Post-hoc analysis by pooling individual data from cohorts (ESPOIR and Leuven cohorts) and clinical trials (ASPIRE, BeSt and SWEFOT trials). Adult DMARD-naïve patients with active early RA for which the first therapeutic strategy after inclusion was to prescribe methotrexate or leflunomide were included. A logistic regression model to predict RRP was built. The best model was selected by 10-fold stratified cross-validation by maximizing the Area Under the Curve. Calibration and discriminatory power of the model were checked. The probabilities of RRP for each combination of levels of baseline characteristics were estimated.

Results
1306 patients were pooled. 20.6% exhibited RRP. Four predictors were retained: rheumatoid factor positivity, presence of at least one RA erosion on X-rays, CRP &gt; 30mg/l, number of swollen joints. The matrix estimates RRP probability for 36 combinations of level of baseline characteristics with a greatly enhanced precision compared with previously published matrices (95% CI: from ± 0.02 minimum to ± 0.08 maximum) and model calibration is excellent (P = 0.79).

Conclusion
A matrix proposing RRP probability with high precision and excellent calibration in early RA was built. Although the matrix has moderate sensitivity and specificity, it is easily usable and may help physicians and patients to make treatment decisions in daily clinical practice.
TRITIUM ANALYSIS IN URINE BY THE TRIPLE-TO-DOUBLE COINCIDENCE RATIO METHOD WITH THE HIDEX 300 SL LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTER
Authors: Lecompte Yannick , Rosset Martine , Loess Jérôme , Chianea Nadine , Jourquin Flora , Cazoulat Alain , Cassette Philippe 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The triple-to-double coincidence ratio (TDCR) method is a liquid scintillation primary method for the absolute activity measurement of pure β− and pure electron capture emitters. This method requires specific three-photomultiplier liquid scintillation counters. The aim of the present work is to assess the TDCR method performance for routine tritium analysis in urine using an HIDEX 300 SL, the only three-photomultiplier liquid scintillation counter designed for routine laboratories. The physical parameters and the semi-empirical Birks parameter (kB) of the prepared liquid scintillation source were firstly determined. TDCR model equations solving and detection efficiencies calculations for measured samples were performed by TDCR07c computing program. Accuracy, uncertainties and detection limit of TDCR method were assessed through the tritium analysis of six intercomparison urine samples. The results demonstrate that the analytical performance of the TDCR method implemented on the HIDEX 300 SL is conform to the recommendations for the monitoring of workers exposed to tritium.
The circadian system modulates the rate of recovery of systolic blood pressure after exercise in humans
Authors: Qian Jingyi , Scheer Frank Ajl , Hu Kun , Shea Steven A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Study Objectives
Recovery rates of systolic blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) after exercise have been used to assess cardiovascular fitness, and slower recovery rates are predictors of coronary heart disease and cardiac mortality. The endogenous circadian system is known to modulate BP and HR at rest and during exercise. Here, we examined whether the post-exercise recovery rates of BP and HR are also under circadian control.

Methods
Twelve healthy adults (mean age = 26 ± 6 (SD) years; 6 female) participated in a 240 h forced desynchrony protocol in dim light where all behaviors, including 15 min cycle exercise tests at 60% maximal HR, were uniformly distributed across the circadian cycle. Circadian phases were assigned based on the rhythm of core body temperature. For each session, HR was measured continuously, and BP every 3–5 min throughout baseline, exercise, and recovery. Recovery was quantified as the proportional return to pre-exercise baseline levels following exercise ([peak exercise-recovery]/[peak exercise-baseline) × 100%], whereby 100% represents full recovery to baseline).

Results
There was a significant circadian rhythm in systolic BP recovery, with fastest recovery at the circadian phase corresponding to late afternoon (equivalent to ~5 pm) and slower recovery across the early morning (~8:30 am; p = 0.029, peak-to-trough: 9.2%). There were no significant circadian variations in post-exercise recovery rates of diastolic BP or HR.

Conclusions
The circadian system modulates the rate of recovery of systolic BP after exercise with fastest recovery in the biological afternoon. These data could have implications for exercise prescription and interpretation of clinical tests of stress recovery.