bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Should instrumented spinal fusion in nonambulatory children with neuromuscular scoliosis be extended to L5 or the pelvis?
Authors: Tøndevold Niklas , Lastikka Markus , Andersen Thomas , Gehrchen Martin , Helenius Ilkka 
Published: February 2020

Aims It is uncertain whether instrumented spinal fixation in nonambulatory children with neuromuscular scoliosis should finish at L5 or be extended to the pelvis. Pelvic fixation has been shown to be associated with up to 30% complication rates, but is regarded by some as the standard for correction of deformity in these conditions. The incidence of failure when comparing the most caudal level of instrumentation, either L5 or the pelvis, using all-pedicle screw instrumentation has not previously been reported. In this retrospective study, we compared nonambulatory patients undergoing surgery at two centres: one that routinely instrumented to L5 and the other to the pelvis. Methods In all, 91 nonambulatory patients with neuromuscular scoliosis were included. All underwent surgery using bilateral, segmental, pedicle screw instrumentation. A total of 40 patients underwent fusion to L5 and 51 had their fixation extended to the pelvis. The two groups were assessed for differences in terms of clinical and radiological findings, as well as complications. Results The main curve (MC) was a mean of 90° (40° to 141°) preoperatively and 46° (15° to 82°) at two-year follow-up in the L5 group, and 82° (33° to 116°) and 19° (1° to 60°) in the pelvic group (p < 0.001 at follow-up). Correction of MC and pelvic obliquity (POB) were statistically greater in the pelvic group (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the operating time, blood loss, or complications. Loss of MC correction (> 10°) was more common in patients fixated to the pelvis (23% vs 3%; p = 0.032), while loss of pelvic obliquity correction was more frequent in the L5 group (25% vs 0%; p = 0.007). Risk factors for loss of correction (either POB or MC) included preoperative coronal imbalance (> 50 mm, odds ratio (OR) 11.5, 95%confidence interval (CI) 2.0 to 65; p = 0.006) and postoperative sagittal imbalance (> 25 mm, OR 11.0, 95% CI1.9 to 65; p = 0.008). Conclusion We found that patients undergoing pelvic fixation had a greater correction of MC and POB. The rate of complications was not different. Preoperative coronal and postoperative sagittal imbalance were associated with increased risks of loss of correction, regardless of extent of fixation. Therefore, we recommend pelvic fixation in all nonambulatory children with neuromuscular scoliosis where coronal or sagittal imbalance are present preoperatively. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(2):261–267.
The lateral ligament is injured preferentially in posterolateral dislocation of the elbow joint
Authors: Lee Sung H. , Nam Dae J. , Yu Hyun K. , Kim Jeong W. 
Published: February 2020

AimsThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships between the degree of injury to the medial and lateral collateral ligaments (MCL and LCL) and associated fractures in patients with a posterolateral dislocation of the elbow, using CT and MRI.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 64 patients who presented between March 2009 and March 2018 with a posterolateral dislocation of the elbow and who underwent CT and MRI. CT revealed fractures of the radial head, coronoid process, and medial and lateral humeral epicondyles. MRI was used to identify contusion of the bone and collateral ligament injuries by tear, partial or complete tear.ResultsA total of 54 patients had a fracture; some had more than one. Radial head fractures were found in 25 patients and coronoid fractures in 42. Lateral and medial humeral epicondylar fractures were found in eight and six patients, respectively. Contusion of the capitellum was found in 43 patients and rupture of the LCL was seen in all patients (partial in eight and complete in 56), there was complete rupture of the MCL in 37 patients, partial rupture in 19 and eight had no evidence of rupture. The LCL tear did not significantly correlate with the presence of fracture, but the MCL rupture was complete in patients with a radial head fracture (p = 0.047) and there was significantly increased association in those without a coronoid fracture (p = 0.015).ConclusionIn posterolateral dislocation of the elbow, LCL ruptures are mostly complete, while the MCL exhibits various degrees of injury, which are significantly associated with the associated fractures. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(2):227–231.
Functional outcomes of tendon transfer for brachial plexus birth palsy using the Hoffer technique
Authors: Alluri Ram K. , Lightdale-Miric Nina , Meisel Erin , Kim Gina , Kaplan Jesse , Bougioukli Sofia , Stevanovic Milan 
Published: February 2020

Aims To describe and analyze the mid-term functional outcomes of a large series of patients who underwent the Hoffer procedure for brachial plexus birth palsy (BPBP). Methods All patients who underwent the Hoffer procedure with minimum two-year follow-up were retrospectively reviewed. Active shoulder range of movement (ROM), aggregate modified Mallet classification scores, Hospital for Sick Children Active Movement Scale (AMS) scores, and/or Toronto Test Scores were used to assess functional outcomes. Subgroup analysis based on age and level of injury was performed. Risk factors for subsequent humeral derotational osteotomy and other complications were also assessed. A total of 107 patients, average age 3.9 years (1.6 to 13) and 59% female, were included in the study with mean 68 months (24 to 194) follow-up. Results All patients demonstrated statistically significant improvement in all functional outcomes and active shoulder abduction and external rotation ROM (p < 0.001). Patients < 2.5 years of age had higher postoperative AMS, abduction ROM and strength scores, and aggregate postoperative Toronto scores (p ≤ 0.035) compared to patients ≥ 2.5 years old. There were 17 patients (16%) who required a subsequent humeral derotational osteotomy; lower preoperative AMS external rotation scores and external rotation ROM were predictive risk factors (p ≤ 0.016). Conclusion Patients with BPBP who underwent the Hoffer procedure demonstrated significant improvement in postoperative ROM, strength, and functional outcome scores at mid-term follow-up. Patients younger than 2.5 years at the time of surgery generally had better functional outcomes. Limited preoperative external rotation strength and ROM were significantly associated with requirement for subsequent humeral derotational osteotomy. In our chort significant improvements in shoulder function were obtained after the Hoffer procedure for BPBP. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(2):246–253.
Primary aneurysmal bone cysts
Authors: Puri Ajay , Hegde Prateek , Gulia Ashish , Parikh Mishil 
Published: February 2020

Aims The aim of this study was to analyze the complications and outcomes of treatment in a series of previously untreated patients with a primary aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) who had been treated by percutaneous sclerosant therapy using polidocanol. Methods Between January 2010 and December 2016, 56 patients were treated primarily with serial intralesional sclerosant injections. Their mean age was 20 years (1 to 54). The sites involved were clavicle (n = 3), humeri (n = 11), radius (n = 1), ulna (n = 3), hand (n = 2), pelvis (n = 12), femur (n = 7), tibia (n = 13), fibula (n = 3), and foot (n = 1). After histopathological confirmation of the diagnosis, 3% polidocanol (hydroxypolyaethoxydodecan) was injected into the lesion under image intensifier guidance. Patients were evaluated clinically and radiologically every six to eight weeks. In the absence of clinical and/or radiological response, a repeat sclerosant injection was given after eight to 12 weeks and repeated at similar intervals if necessary. Results There were no complications of treatment. One patient was lost to follow-up. Overall, 46/55 (84%) of lesions healed after one or more injections of polidocanol: 24/55 (44%) patients healed with a single injection, and 43/55 (78%) within two injections. Of these 46, four (9%) patients developed local recurrence, two of whom healed with a repeat sclerosant injection. Thus, 44/55 (80%) patients of primary ABC healed with sclerotherapy. The mean follow-up was 62 months (20 to 111). The local recurrence free survival (LRFS) with percutaneous sclerosant therapy with polidocanol was 100%, 98% (95% confidence interval (CI) 85 to 100) and 93% (95% CI 78 to 98) at two, three, and five years, respectively. Conclusion Percutaneous sclerotherapy using polidocanol is a safe, effective, minimally invasive and inexpensive method of treating a primary ABC of the limbs or pelvis. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(2):186–190.
Rogue stem cell clinics
Authors: Murray Iain R. , Chahla Jorge , Frank Rachel M. , Piuzzi Nicolas S. , Mandelbaum Bert R. , Dragoo Jason L. ,   Members of the Biologics Association
Published: February 2020

Cell therapies hold significant promise for the treatment of injured or diseased musculoskeletal tissues. However, despite advances in research, there is growing concern about the increasing number of clinical centres around the world that are making unwarranted claims or are performing risky biological procedures. Such providers have been known to recommend, prescribe, or deliver so called ‘stem cell’ preparations without sufficient data to support their true content and efficacy. In this annotation, we outline the current environment of stem cell-based treatments and the strategies of marketing directly to consumers. We also outline the difficulties in the regulation of these clinics and make recommendations for best practice and the identification and reporting of illegitimate providers.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(2):148–154
Green Corridors in Urban Landscapes, Case Study Nicosia Pedieos River
Authors: İnançoğlu Selda , Özden Özge , Kara Can 
Published: February 2020

Due to increasing population and expansion of cities, urban planning issues are becoming more important worldwide. It is realized that biological methodologies ought to be coordinated into urban arranging activities. Particularly in European cities, creating greenways and green corridors is a very recent phenomenon. The advancement of green space along urban waterways could moderate urban warmth island impacts, improve the physical and mental prosperity of city occupants, improve flood resilience and could also sustain biodiversity. The Pedieos River is the longest river in Cyprus. Like most of streams on the island, it is a non-enduring waterway, of fleeting nature that for the most part streams during the blustery winter months or after overwhelming precipitation occasions. A literature review was undertaken to discover the importance of rivers within the urbanized areas. It is known that the Pedieos River is firmly connected to the historical backdrop of Nicosia as it is one reason for the city's presence at the site. The increase of impermeable areas as a result of urbanization is also one of the main causes for flooding in recent years. In this research, the current situation of the river was investigated and its possible rehabilitation discussed for more sustainable city. The aim of this study is to recommend a feasible proposition by examining green territory zones and reason green passages along the Pedieos River so as to improve the living condition of Nicosia city.
Keywords: Greenway, river, Pedieos River, urban planning
The Decorative Orientations in the Mediterranean Architecture and its Influence on the Development of Cultural Sustainability
Authors: Hukmat Sara , Uzunahmet Havva Arslangazi 
Published: February 2020

This paper attempts to describe the different orientations in architectural decoration that arose as a result of human existence and its relation to his environment. Throughout history, decoration has been a bridge connecting the building to the environment, connecting people with history and culture. And it has been an instrument of the local identity of the building and the whole environment within the framework of the idea of sustainability, which consists of three foundations (economic, environmental and cultural). Within this texture in this study, decorative details and patterns are evaluated, in order to understand the effects of factors on cultures. From one culture to another, it is discussed in connection with the comparison of the Moorish and Greek decoration. As a result, this study has determined decorative orientations in the Mediterranean architecture and its influence on sustainable development.
Keywords: Decoration, Cultural Sustainability, Style, Identity, Greek, Moorish
Impact of Decentralization on Sustainable Development of the Newly Created Amalgamated Territorial Communities in the Regions of Ukraine
Authors: Halhash Ruslan , Semenenko Inna , Bilous Yana , Burko Iaroslav 
Published: February 2020

This article analyses the reform of decentralization in Ukraine and its role in the sustainable development of regions and newly created amalgamated territorial communities (ATCs). The reasons of the reform's implementation and the problems connected with the local management are specified. The study of foreign experience in reforming the administrative and territorial system has made it possible to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of decentralization as an instrument of change. With the beginning of the reform in Ukraine, the processes involving citizens' participation in managing sustainable development of the regions and the ATCs became more active. The analysis of financial decentralization in Ukraine showed the positive dynamics in local budgets' revenues. The development of a new governance model in a community implies involvement of the civil society in management and allocation of local budgets. The participatory budget is shown as a modern and effective instrument of local democracy. The advantages and the main effects of the participatory budgeting in ATCs for the purpose of their sustainable development were defined.
Keywords: decentralization, reform, sustainable development, region, amalgamated territorial community, participatory budget
Legal Forest Management Problems: EU Experience
Authors: Liubchych Anna , Savchuk Olena , Vrublevska-Misiuna Kateryna 
Published: February 2020

The work contains the analysis of forestry management legal problems in Ukraine and the European Union, highlighting the problematic points in the national legislation and the possibility of implementing the experience of developed countries.
There are singled out the ways to improve forestry legislation, with accentuating the need in developing a nation-wide forestry program which would regulate forestry management with accounting for preservation of the forest’s ecology function and biologic potential. It is proved that a woodcutting site has attributes of a forestry relations object as a plot of the forest fund of Ukraine with established borders.
Also, there arises the need in revising the Regulation on territorial offices of the central executive power body that carries out state policies in forestry and in bringing it to the correspondence with the requirements of standing legislation of Ukraine and the Regulation on State forest inspection of Ukraine, granting it plenary powers similar to those in the leading European countries, for instance “forest guard” of the Republic of Poland.
Key words: Forest; Woodcutting; Timber harvesting; Forest resources; Woodcutting site; Forestry management; Forest site; Forestry.
Main Fundamentals of Economic Judiciary of Ukraine
Authors: Koverznev Vadym 
Published: February 2020

The article deals with the principles of judicial proceedings by economic courts of Ukraine and their legal nature is disclosed. The relation between the concepts of "jurisdiction" and "justice" is determined; the author formulates the principle of the rule of law and outlines its main elements; the legal nature of the principle of justice and its variants is disclosed; criteria for determining the reasonableness of the terms of the court's consideration of the case are proposed; it is substantiated that the enforcement of the judgment is the final stage of the administration of justice and one of the main criteria for determining the effectiveness of judicial protection of individual rights. The author has proved that the current economic procedural legislation of Ukraine is based on the international legal principles of activity of judicial bodies and ways of its improvement are suggested.
Keywords: fundamentals of economic judiciary, jurisdiction, justice, the rule of law, ratability, binding nature of court decisions
Migration as a Factor of the Sustainable Economic Development
Authors: Kurmaiev Petro , Seliverstova L. , Seliverstova L. , Husarevych N. , Kolisnichenko P. 
Published: February 2020

The problem of the interplay between migration and the achievement of the sustainable development goals is one of the main topics in modern scientific debate. The theoretical basis of the study is the understanding of migration as a continuous process caused by the interaction of a complex of factors, the result of which is the formation of a new quality globalized society. The methods used were: Comparative analysis and Content analysis. The authors note that the effectiveness of national policies depends significantly on the extent to which global migration trends are taken into account. The main factors that determine the dynamics of migration flows are identified in the article. The dominance of economic and security-humanitarian motives for migration is mentioned. It is noted that modern migration processes as a whole have a positive impact on the achievement of sustainable development goals. In modern world, migration is the driver of the country's demographic, economic and socio-cultural situation. For most countries in the world, the main objectives of immigration policy are to meet the need for labor, balance the labor markets, reduce the rate of depopulation and an aging population. The research made it possible to identify the types of immigration policy of governments of the world countries and their characteristics. The authors indicate that 73% of governments search to increase or maintain the current level of immigration of highly skilled workers. The thesis is substantiated that the impact of migrants on the wages of highly skilled workers in the country of destination is minimal. The impact of emigration on the socio-economic situation of the donor country is analyzed. The study found that emigration alone is not a destructive factor for the donor country. Significant deterioration in the country is influenced by a set of factors, among which migration is only one of them.
Keywords: migration, sustainable economic development, donor-countries
Legal Regulation of Ensuring Nuclear Safety and Security in Ukraine on the Way to European Integration
Authors: Dubchak Sergiy , Goshovska Valentyna , Goshovskyi Volodymyr , Svetlychny Oleksandr , Gulac Olena 
Published: February 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of legal regulation of the sphere of nuclear safety and security of Ukraine on the way to European integration. The authors drew attention to the importance of Ukraine achieving the necessary level of and nuclear sefaty and security adopted in the EU member states. The emphasis was placed on the fact that the prospects for fulfilling national obligations in the field of nuclear safety in accordance with European standards directly depend on solving the problems of ensuring the functioning of nuclear facilities, the physical protection of nuclear materials and installations as well as radioactive waste management. The main directions of ensuring the nuclear safety and secutiry in the world within the international law are considered. The role and activities of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in setting up a regulatory framework for nuclear safety and security are analyzed. The international legal framework for nuclear safety and security was discused.The legislative basis for nuclear safety and secutiry in the EU IS characterized. The issue of legal norms unification in the field of nuclear safety regulation of EU member states was considered. The principles of legal regulation of nuclear a safety and security in Ukraine are characterized.
Key words: nuclear safety, nuclear security, public administration of nuclear safety and security, legal regulation of nuclear safety and security, European integration, sustainable development in the field of ensuring nuclear safety and security.
UDC 35:574:339.9:349.6 JEL Classification: K 23, K 32, K 33, Q 5
Kanuns in Albania and Bloodfeud According to Kanun of Lekë Dukagjini
Authors: Shkurtaj Gelanda 
Published: February 2020

In societies where it has been known and applied, bloodfeud is described as a possibly outdated and uncivilized mechanism, but often effective to limit violence. Indeed, both in form and substance the phenomenon itself is hard to be perceived and understood by the modern citizen of every country of the world, including Albania, where it is still active in some regions in respect of “Kanun”. In fact, the Albanian term 'Kanun' describes the body of traditional norms/standards and rules governing society in the field of criminal, civil and procedural laws. Its application or merely its existence in moral and legal standards makes a society safer, certainly referring to a society where the power of central authority, namely of the state, either did not exist or lacked. The greatest anthropological dilemma is just there, why does Kanun work in a modern state? In societies where blood feud has been present as a regulatory element of social conflicts it is accepted that its abolition or decline occurred only when another subject (the state), took over to intervene in these conflicting relationships, and to provide the resolution and regulation of social and economic relations through enforcement of rule of law, or the public order. And the question arises by itself: why the Albanian state did not take over the blood feud solution by use of public order? The Kanun does not recognize the state or the state does not recognize the Kanun? Why? It is not easy to get into such historic and social dilemmas, but a modest effort should be made. The answer to this fact should be found by the history of Albania. As a questioning remark, the reason for the long life of Kanun, rather called as self-regulatory law of the society, is due to the historic absence of a state on the side and interests of its citizens.
Keywords: Kanun, Legal and Religious norms, Mechanic solidarity, Bloodfeud, Survival, State, Coexistence