bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apolipoprotein E genotype and the association between C‐reactive protein and postoperative delirium: Importance of gene‐protein interactions
Authors: Vasunilashorn Sarinnapha M. , Ngo Long H. , Inouye Sharon K. , Fong Tamara G. , Jones Richard N. , Dillon Simon T. , Libermann Towia A. , O'Connor Margaret , Arnold Steven E. , Xie Zhongcong , Marcantonio Edward R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionApolipoprotein E (APOE) status may modify the risk of postoperative delirium conferred by inflammation.MethodsWe tested whether APOE modifies the established association between C‐reactive protein (CRP) and delirium incidence, severity, and duration in 553 noncardiac surgical patients aged 70 and older. High postoperative plasma CRP (≥234.12 mg/L) was defined by the highest sample‐based quartile. Delirium was determined using the Confusion Assessment Method and chart review, and severity was determined by the Confusion Assessment Method—Severity score.ResultsAPOE ε4 carrier prevalence was 19%, and postoperative delirium occurred in 24%. The relationship between CRP and delirium incidence, severity, and duration differed by ε4 status. Among ε4 carriers, there was a strong relationship between high CRP (vs. low CRP) and delirium incidence (relative risk [95% confidence interval], 3.0 [1.4–6.7]); however, no significant association was observed among non‐ε4 carriers (relative risk [95% CI], 1.2 [0.8–1.7]).DiscussionOur findings raise the possibility that APOE ε4 carrier status may modify the relationship between postoperative day 2 CRP levels and postoperative delirium.
Relationship Between Masturbation and Partnered Sex in Women: Does the Former Facilitate, Inhibit, or Not Affect the Latter?
Authors: Rowland David L. , Hevesi Krisztina , Conway Gabrielle R. , Kolba Tiffany N. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe relationship between masturbation activities and their effect on partnered sex is understudied.AimThe aim of this study was to assess the alignment of activities between masturbation and partnered sex, and to determine whether different levels of alignment affect orgasmic parameters during partnered sex.Methods2,215 women completed an online survey about activities during masturbation and reasons for orgasmic difficulty during masturbation, and these were compared with activities and reasons for orgasmic difficulty during partnered sex.Main Outcome MeasureDegree of alignment between masturbation activities and partnered sex activities was used to predict sexual arousal difficulty, orgasmic probability, orgasmic pleasure, orgasmic latency, and orgasmic difficulty during partnered sex.ResultsWomen showed only moderate alignment regarding masturbation and partnered sex activities, as well as reasons for masturbation orgasmic difficulty and reasons for partnered sex orgasmic difficulty. However, those that showed greater alignment of activities showed better orgasmic response during partnered sex and were more likely to prefer partnered sex over masturbation.Clinical ImplicationsWomen tend to use less conventional techniques for arousal during masturbation compared with partnered sex. Increasing alignment between masturbation and partnered sexual activities may lead to better arousal and orgasmic response, and lower orgasmic difficulty.Strength & LimitationsThe study was well-powered and drew from a multinational population, providing perspective on a long-standing unanswered question. Major limitations were the younger age and self-selection of the sample.ConclusionWomen that align masturbation stimulation activities with partnered sex activities are more likely to experience orgasm and enhanced orgasmic pleasure, with sexual relationship satisfaction playing an important role in this process.
Famine, Memory, and Politics in the Post-Soviet Space: Contrasting Echoes of Collectivization in Ukraine and Kazakhstan
Authors: Richter James 
Published: November 2019

AbstractStalin’s collectivization campaigns and the associated famine killed millions in Ukraine and Kazakhstan, yet the two countries commemorate the events quite differently. In Ukraine, the Holodomor (death by hunger) occupies a prominent place in the public sphere and is remembered most frequently as a genocidal policy against the Ukrainian nation. In Kazakhstan, the famine takes up little space in the public arena, and officials remain reluctant to call it a genocide. This article explores these differences using two models explaining variation in the politics of memory: one emphasizing the instrumental calculations of political elites and the other emphasizing the historical and cultural constraints that frame contemporary debates. These two models complement each other rather than compete. The contest over the famine in Ukraine was in part a consequence of eastern and western Ukraine’s differing histories, but it intensified when governing politicians deployed the memory of the famine instrumentally in the 2000s. In Kazakhstan, political calculations led the regime to emphasize unity and stability over divisive debates about the past, but historical factors made depoliticizing the famine feasible.
The Falkland Islands (Malvinas) as sub-Antarctic foraging, migratory and wintering habitat for southern right whales
Authors: Weir Caroline R. , Stanworth Andrew 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe historical and contemporary presence of southern right whales (SRWs;Eubalaena australis) around the Falkland Islands (Malvinas) has received little recognition. We assessed SRW occurrence in the Falklands via whaling records, a literature review, systematic surveys (boat, aerial and shore-based), and citizen science sightings. The combined data sources indicated a year-round (peaking in austral summer) presence of SRWs in pelagic areas around the Falklands. In contrast, most nearshore records originated in the austral late autumn and winter (May to August), including a marked increase in sightings along the north-east coast during 2017 compared with previous years. The data support spatio-temporal variation in the use of Falklands waters by SRWs. Pelagic waters appear to comprise summer foraging habitat, and may also be used by animals migrating between the Patagonian shelf and feeding grounds located further south and east. The peak numbers observed in nearshore waters occurred earlier in the winter (July) than those on the Argentinean or Brazilian calving grounds (Aug–Oct). Consequently, some whales may have continued migrating northwards to established breeding areas after departing Falklands waters. A component of the south-west Atlantic population could also be using the islands as a novel wintering destination, for mating and/or socializing (no calving has been confirmed to date). The importance of Falklands waters as a multi-use SRW habitat appears to be increasing. The region is important in the context of addressing current knowledge gaps regarding feeding grounds and migratory corridors highlighted in international SRW conservation and management plans for the wider South-west Atlantic.
Social media and social wellbeing in later life
Authors: Quinn Kelly 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSocial wellbeing is important to health, but maintaining social relations often becomes difficult in later life due to retirement, chronic disease, and the death of spouses and friends. Social media platforms, such as Facebook and Twitter, present accessible and low-cost communication technologies that have been demonstrated to enhance feelings of social connection and reduce loneliness in younger age groups. This exploratory study uses a four-week social media training workshop as an intervention in a randomised controlled study to examine whether similar social benefits might be realised for those at older ages, aged 65+ years. Social wellbeing measures of social capital, loneliness, social connectedness and social provisions were examined, revealing only small differences in social integration. As these findings seemingly contradict studies conducted with younger persons, the contexts of social media use in older adulthood are discussed, along with proposals for future research directions.
Variation of the algebraic λ-invariant over a solvable extension
Authors: DELBOURGO DANIEL 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFix an odd primep. Let$\mathcal{D}_n$denote a non-abelian extension of a number fieldKsuch that$K\cap\mathbb{Q}(\mu_{p^{\infty}})=\mathbb{Q}, $and whose Galois group has the form$ \text{Gal}\big(\mathcal{D}_n/K\big)\cong \big(\mathbb{Z}/p^{n'}\mathbb{Z}\big)^{\oplus g}\rtimes \big(\mathbb{Z}/p^n\mathbb{Z}\big)^{\times}\ $whereg> 0 and$0 \lt n'\leq n$. Given a modular Galois representation$\overline{\rho}:G_{\mathbb{Q}}\rightarrow \text{GL}_2(\mathbb{F})$which isp-ordinary and alsop-distinguished, we shall write$\mathcal{H}(\overline{\rho})$for the associated Hida family. Using Greenberg’s notion of Selmer atoms, we prove an exact formula for the algebraic λ-invariant\begin{equation} \lambda^{\text{alg}}_{\mathcal{D}_n}(f) \;=\; \text{the number of zeroes of } \text{char}_{\Lambda}\big(\text{Sel}_{\mathcal{D}_n^{\text{cy}}}\big(f\big)^{\wedge}\big) \end{equation}at all$f\in\mathcal{H}(\overline{\rho})$, under the assumption$\mu^{\text{alg}}_{K(\mu_p)}(f_0)=0$for at least one formf0. We can then easily deduce that$\lambda^{\text{alg}}_{\mathcal{D}_n}(f)$is constant along branches of$\mathcal{H}(\overline{\rho})$, generalising a theorem of Emerton, Pollack and Weston for$\lambda^{\text{alg}}_{\mathbb{Q}(\mu_{p})}(f)$.For example, if$\mathcal{D}_{\infty}=\bigcup_{n\geq 1}\mathcal{D}_n$has the structure of ap-adic Lie extension then our formulae include the cases where: either (i)$\mathcal{D}_{\infty}/K$is ag-fold false Tate tower, or (ii)$\text{Gal}\big(\mathcal{D}_{\infty}/K(\mu_p)\big)$has dimension ≤ 3 and is a pro-p-group.
Establishing a sustainable open heart surgery programme in Nigeria, a low-income country: which is the best model?
Authors: Nwafor Ikechukwu A. , Eze John C. , Nwafor Maureen N. ,   National Cardiothoracic Center of Excellence (NCTCE), University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground:In any country, the development of open heart surgery programme parallels stable political climate, economic growth, good leadership, and prudent fiscal management. This is lacking in a country like Nigeria without a functional cardiac hospital.Objective:To review and compare the various models being adopted towards establishing a sustainable open heart surgery programme in Nigeria.Materials and Methods:For ethnic and cultural reasons, Nigeria is divided into six geopolitical regions. Each region has one or more Federal Teaching Hospitals including medical centres. The hospitals have trained cardiothoracic surgeons and cardiologists as well as other auxiliary staff. After attainment of democratic rule in 1999, individual hospitals have devised various models to establish sustainable open heart surgery programme. The number of hospitals in each region, the models devised, and the limitations including the outcome were studied and analysed.Results:Each geopolitical zone has about three to four centres, either public or private, trying to establish the programme. There are six different models. Each centre has been trying the different models since the year 2000. The oldest of the model is cardiac mission and the newest is employment of highly skilled retired expatriate consultant cardiac surgeon to help develop the local team. Inadequate funds, lack of governmental support, and brain drain syndrome have largely affected the programme.
The broad autism phenotype in real-life: clinical and functional correlates of autism spectrum symptoms and rumination among parents of patients with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Carpita Barbara , Carmassi Claudia , Calderoni Sara , Muti Dario , Muscarella Alessia , Massimetti Gabriele , Cremone Ivan M. , Gesi Camilla , Conti Eugenia , Muratori Filippo , Dell’Osso Liliana 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveIncreasing literature reported higher rates of psychiatric disorders in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as well as of autistic-like features in social and cognitive functioning. However, little attention has been paid to the association between autistic traits (AT) and global functioning in this population. The aim of the present work was to investigate clinical and functional correlates of AT among parents of ASD children, with a specific focus on ruminative thinking.MethodsOne hundred and twenty parents of ASD children were assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), the Adult Autism Subthreshold Spectrum (AdAS Spectrum), the Ruminative Response Scale (RRS), the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS).ResultsSubjects with at least 1 psychiatric disorder (39.2%) showed significantly higher AdAS Spectrum and RRS scores. Subjects with a history of school difficulties and with language development alterations scored significantly higher on specific AdAS Spectrum domains. A significant negative correlation was found between SOFAS and AdAS Spectrum scores, as well as between SOFAS and RRS scores. AdAS Spectrum nonverbal communication domain score was identified has a statistically predictive variable for the presence of psychiatric disorders and lower SOFAS scores. Finally, we found a significant indirect effect of AdAS total score on SOFAS score, which was fully mediated by RRS total score.ConclusionsAT in parents of ASD children seem to be associated with a higher vulnerability toward psychopathology and with a lower global functioning. Ruminative thinking may play a role in the relationship between AT and functional outcome.
Active and passive: two ways party systems influence electoral outcomes
Authors: Nemčok Miroslav 
Published: November 2019

AbstractParties can not onlyactivelyadjust the electoral rules to reach more favourable outcomes, as is most often recognized in political science, but they alsopassivelycreate an environment that systematically influences electoral competition. This link is theorized and included in the wider framework capturing the mutual dependence of electoral systems and party systems. The impact of passive influence is successfully tested on one out of two factors closely related to party systems: choice set size (i.e., number of options provided to voters) and degree of ideological polarization. The research utilizes established datasets (i.e., Constituency-Level Elections Archive, Party System Polarization Index, Chapel Hill Expert Survey, and Manifesto Project Database) and via regression analysis with clustered robust standard errors concludes that the choice set size constitutes an attribute with passive influence over electoral systems. Thus, it must be reflected when outcomes of electoral systems are estimated or compared across various contexts.
The Swedish Twin Registry: Content and Management as a Research Infrastructure
Authors: Zagai Ulrika , Lichtenstein Paul , Pedersen Nancy L. , Magnusson Patrik K. E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Swedish Twin Registry functions as research infrastructure containing information on 216,258 twins born between 1886 and 2015, of whom 86,199 pairs have zygosity determined by DNA, an intrapair similarity algorithm, or being of opposite sex. In essence, practically all twins alive and currently 9 years or older have been invited for participation and donation of DNA on which genomewide single nucleotide polymorphisms array genotyping has been performed. Content, management and alternatives for future improvements are discussed.
Instantaneous Antarctic ice sheet mass loss driven by thinning ice shelves
Authors: Gudmundsson G. Hilmar , Paolo Fernando S. , Adusumilli Susheel , Fricker Helen A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRecent observations show that the rate at which the Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) is contributing to sea level rise is increasing. Increases in ice‐ocean heat exchange have the potential to induce substantial mass loss through the melting of its ice shelves. Lack of data and limitations in modeling, however, has made it challenging to quantify the importance of ocean‐induced changes in ice shelf thickness as a driver for ongoing mass loss. Here, we use a numerical ice sheet model in combination with satellite observations of ice shelf thinning from 1994 to 2017 to quantify instantaneous changes in ice flow across all AIS grounding lines, resulting from changes in ice shelf buttressing alone. Our process‐based predictions are in good agreement with observed spatial patterns of ice loss, providing support for the notion that a significant portion of the current ice loss of the AIS is ocean driven and caused by a reduction in ice shelf buttressing.
Differential Heating Drives Downslope Flows that Accelerate Mixed‐Layer Warming in Ice‐Covered Waters
Authors: Ulloa Hugo N. , Winters Kraig B. , Wüest Alfred , Bouffard Damien 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn ice‐covered lakes, penetrative radiation warms fluid beneath a diffusive boundary layer, thereby increasing its density and providing energy for convection in a diurnally active, deepening mixed layer. Shallow regions are differentially heated to warmer temperatures, driving turbulent gravity currents that transport warm water downslope and into the basin interior. We examine the energetics of these processes, focusing on the rate at which penetrative radiation supplies energy that is available to drive fluid motion. Using numerical simulations that resolve convective plumes, gravity currents, and the secondary instabilities leading to entrainment, we show that advective fluxes due to differential heating contribute to the evolution of the mixed layer in waterbodies with significant shallow areas. A heat balance is used to assess the relative importance of differential heating to the one‐dimensional effects of radiative heating and diffusive cooling at the ice‐water interface in lakes of varying morphologies.
Observation of a Large‐Amplitude Slow Magnetosonic Wave in the Magnetosheath
Authors: Zhao S. Q. , Xiao C. J. , Wang X. G. , Pu Z. Y. , Shi M. J. , Liu T. Z. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUsing the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft, we report observations of the pressure‐balanced structures in the form of slow magnetosonic waves rather than the mirror mode description in the Earth's magnetosheath. The slow magnetosonic waves are identified with three criteria: (1) The significant inverse correlation coefficients between the plasma thermal pressure (Pplasma) and the magnetic pressure (Pmag) with the constant total pressure (Ptot = Pplasma+Pmag); (2) the wave frequency Doppler shifted to the plasma flow frame is not zero to within the measurement error, which distinguishes the slow magnetosonic mode from the mirror mode; and (3) the observational dispersion relation is in a reasonable agreement with the linear theoretical result of slow magnetosonic waves. We find that slow magnetosonic waves can propagate over many wavelengths with negligible decay due to their transverse propagation which dramatically decreases their kinetic damping rate. Furthermore, we propose a possible generation mechanism that a high‐speed ion beam resonates with the local ion acoustic mode contributing to the inverse Landau damping process that converts particle energy into waves.
Transition Zone Radiative Effects in Shortwave Radiation Parameterizations: Case of Weather Research and Forecasting Model
Authors: Jahani Babak , Calbó Josep , González Josep‐Abel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA number of studies have stated that the shift from a cloud‐free to cloudy atmosphere (and vice versa) contains an additional phase, named “Transition (or twilight) Zone”. However, the information available about radiative effects of this phase is very limited. Consequently, in most meteorological and climate studies, the area corresponding to the transition zone is considered as an area containing aerosol or optically thin clouds. This study investigates the differences in shortwave radiative effects driven from different treatments of the transition zone. To this aim, three of the shortwave radiation parameterizations (NewGoddard, Rapid Radiative Transfer Model for Global circulation models, and Fu‐Liou‐Gu) included in the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF‐ARW) were isolated and adapted for one‐dimensional vertical simulations. These parameterizations were then utilized to perform simulations under ideal “cloud” and “aerosol” modes, for different values of (i) cloud optical depths resulting from different sizes of ice crystals or liquid droplets and mixing ratios; and (ii) different aerosol optical depths combined with various aerosol types. The resulting shortwave broadband total, direct, and diffuse irradiances at the Earth surface were analyzed. The uncertainties originated from different assumptions of a situation regarding to the transition zone are quite substantial for all the parameterizations. For all the parameterizations, direct and total irradiances are the least and most sensitive irradiances to different treatments of the transition zone, respectively. Differences in the radiative effects of transition zone dominantly result from the difference between the radiative effects of clouds and aerosols (different types), not from cloud type or droplet/crystal size.
Low-loss silicon core fibre platform for mid-infrared nonlinear photonics
Authors: Ren Haonan , Shen Li , Runge Antoine F. J. , Hawkins Thomas W. , Ballato John , Gibson Ursula , Peacock Anna C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBroadband mid-infrared light sources are highly desired for wide-ranging applications that span free-space communications to spectroscopy. In recent years, silicon has attracted great interest as a platform for nonlinear optical wavelength conversion in this region, owing to its low losses (linear and nonlinear) and high stability. However, most research in this area has made use of small core waveguides fabricated from silicon-on-insulator platforms, which suffer from high absorption losses of the use of silica cladding, limiting their ability to generate light beyond 3 µm. Here, we design and demonstrate a compact silicon core, silica-clad waveguide platform that has low losses across the entire silicon transparency window. The waveguides are fabricated from a silicon core fibre that is tapered to engineer mode properties to ensure efficient nonlinear propagation in the core with minimal interaction of the mid-infrared light with the cladding. These waveguides exhibit many of the benefits of fibre platforms, such as a high coupling efficiency and power handling capability, allowing for the generation of mid-infrared supercontinuum spectra with high brightness and coherence spanning almost two octaves (1.6–5.3 µm).