bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF EFFICIENCY OF TREATMENT FACILITIES CITIES OF TERNOPIL BY THE COMPLEX OF HYDROCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF THE RIVER SERET
Authors: Pashnyuk V. , Myakush O. , Sysa L. 
Published: August 2020

Introduction. The quality of wastewater treatment in settlements is an important task of our time. To assess the efficiency of treatment plants in a particular city often use the hydrochemical parameters of the reservoir into which the treated wastewater is discharged. The paper describes the modern sewerage system of the city of Ternopil and the technological process of operation of citywide sewage treatment plants (STP). The purpose of the work is to find out how effectively the Ternopil STP work and whether their activity poses a danger to the Seret River and the inhabitants of coastal settlements. Methods. Hydrochemical parameters of these water samples were studied in the laboratory according to appropriate regulatory methods. Potentiometric, gravimetric, photometric and other methods of chemical analysis were used for research. Results of the research. 2 samples of water from the river Seret were taken for laboratory research. One sample was taken upstream near the outlet of the drain pipes of these structures, the second sample - downstream. Based on the obtained numerical results of the analyzes, the efficiency of the city's treatment facilities was assessed. It is shown that the overall water quality in the Seret River downstream after the discharge of the city's wastewater treatment plants is satisfactory. The levels of nitrates and phosphates in the studied samples are almost on the border of the MPC, but this is not necessarily due to the poor performance of the city's treatment facilities. There are many agricultural lands on the banks of the river, which often use nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. Significant exceeding of the limit value for chemical oxygen consumption can be explained by the warm season (September). At this time, a lot of biological organic matter has accumulated in natural reservoirs. Conclusions. As a result of researches it is established that treatment facil-ities of the city of Ternopil work in a regular mode and provide sufficient sewage treatment. According to open sources, the annual dynamics of the mentioned treatment facilities is shown. As a result, it has been found that since 2017, the efficiency of the city's wastewater treatment at sewage treatment plants remains stable. Such indicators testify to the sufficient efficiency of the treatment facilities of the Ternopilvodokanal utility company.
EFFICIENT FLAME RETARDANTS FOR EPOXY RESINS: SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE, PROPERTIES
Authors: Pastuhov P. , Petrovskii V. , Lavrenyuk O. , Mykhalitchko B. 
Published: August 2020

Introduction. In modern conditions, the combustibility of polymers plays a dominant role in the process of the appearance and spread of fires. This is because the extremely wide use of polymeric materials in all areas of the national economy. Due to the organic structure, the high content of carbon and hydrogen that make up the macromolecules of the polymers, they are extremely combustible. Combustion of polymers is accompanied by high temperature and flame propagation rate, as well as significant smoke generation and the release of a large number of toxic combustion products. Therefore, the search for new ways to reduce combustibility is one of the priority tasks in the creation and implementation of new polymer materials in various industries. Purpose. The aim of the work is the synthesis of fundamentally new complex compounds of transition metals, the study of their structure and properties, as well as predicting the possibility of their use to reduce the fire hazard of polymeric materials based on epoxy resins. Metods. Modern research methods are used in the work: X-ray diffraction, differential thermal and thermogravimetric analyzes, the method of quantum chemical calculations and IR spectroscopy. The ignition and self-ignition temperatures were determined by standard methods according to GOST 12.1.044-89 using metrologically certified equipment and calibrated measuring instruments.
Results. By the direct interaction of the combustible organic amine pepa with inorganic salts of copper(II), a number of chelate complexes were obtained. By methods of x-ray phase analysis and IR spectroscopy, their structure was established. The results of quantum-chemical calculations of the complexation process showed that, as a result of the formation in the pepa–Cu(II) salt system, the chelate complexes [Cu(deta)H2O]SO4·H2O, [{Cu(deta)(H2O)(CO3)}2]·6H2O та [Cu(deta)(eda)]SiF6, the energy state of the chemically bonded pepa changes with respect to free molecules. In addition, the results of thermogravimetric studies and the measured ignition and self-ignition temperatures for pepa and complex compounds clearly showed that the process of bonding a combustible organic amine with a non-combustible inorganic salt into a solid complex ensures a decrease in the combustibility of nitrogen-containing hydrocarbon. All this is an extremely important prerequisite in the implementation of the complex mechanism of flame retardant action of transition metal salts. Conclusion. The results of the studies showed that complex compounds based on transition metal salts, and in particular copper(II), can be successfully used as flame retardants that can effectively reduce the fire hazard of nitrogen-containing synthetic polymers, including those based on epoxy resins.
An Overview of Current and Future Vehicular Communication Technologies
Authors: Knapp Ádám , Wippelhauser András , Magyar Dániel , Gódor Győző 
Published: August 2020

The present paper provides a technical overview about the most relevant vehicular communication technologies including IEEE 802.11p, IEEE 802.11bd, LTEV2X and NRV2X. IEEE 802.11p is the most matured one Wi-Fi based technology, and its successor, the IEEE 802.11bd is expected to be released in 2021. As CV2X (Cellular Vehicle to Everything) technologies, LTEV2X (Long Term Evolution V2X) and NRV2X (New Radio V2X) are discussed in this paper. The former one is already available, while the latter one’s final specification will be finalized in 2020 by the 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project). These four technologies also motivate the already started transformation of vehicle industry by enabling basic safety features and more efficient traffic management, as well as cooperative maneuver execution towards high-level automated driving. The comparison of these technologies is essential to clarify their benefits completely. These technologies are considered as competitors, however, it is expected that they will coexist in the same geographical region. Thus, they will share on the same unlicensed frequency bands in 5.9 GHz domain. Therefore, different coexistence scenarios are also discussed in the paper to see how their advantages could be utilized.
Effect of Ferric Oxide and Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles on Iraqi Bentonite Performance in Water Based Drilling Fluid
Authors: Al-Ghanimi Ghofran F. , Al-Zubaidi Nada S. 
Published: August 2020

In oil and gas industry, the nanotechnology has been applied in different fields. Reservoir, exploration, drilling, completion, production, processing, and refinery are nanotechnology applications fields. Nanoparticles materials are one of the areas that are utilized in preparing drilling fluids. These nanomaterials are used to formulate high performance drilling fluids. In other words, these nano particles materials can be used to design smart drilling fluids. The properties of these drilling fluids can be met the well conditions requirements. The aim of this study is to enhance the performance of Iraqi bentonite in drilling fluids using nanomaterials. Iraqi calcium montmorillonite clay (Ca- bentonite) from Wadi Bashera in Iraqi Western Desert was obtained and studied in order to use it as an alternative active solid to the imported commercial bentonite. Water based drilling fluids were prepared with 3, 6, and 12 wt. % of Iraqi bentonite. Mgnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) and ferric oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) with different concentrations were used. The experimental work showed that, MgO NPs resulted in a significant increase in the rheological properties of drilling fluids prepared with 3 and 6 wt. % of Iraqi bentonite. In contrast, moderate effect on the rheological properties of drilling fluid prepared with 12 wt. % of Iraqi bentonite were obtained with low concentrations of Fe2O3 NPs. Basically drilling fluids prepared with Iraqi bentonite had extreme filtrate volume compared with API specifications and poor controlling to filtration properties were obtained with MgO NPs and Fe2O3 NPs additions. The impact of these two nanomaterials was revealed on the stability of drilling fluids prepared with Iraqi bentonite, where an enhancemment from 65 % to 100% was observed.
Evaluation of Nitric Oxide Concentrations in Preeclampsia and Normal Pregnancy
Authors: Akter Salma , Begum Firoza , Abbasi Sharmin 
Published: August 2020

During pregnancy Nitric oxide is one of the most important relaxing factors for myometrium and also in the control of blood flow in uterus and placenta. Nitric oxide is generated by endothelial type II nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and acts as a vasodilator.
Objective:To investigate the level of nitric oxide (NO) production in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia and in normal pregnancy.
Materials and Methods: A case control study was undertaken in Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), from january to july 2014. The study population was pregnant women having preeclampsia and normal pregnancy who attended the OPD Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in BSMMU between 29 to 40 weeks of gestation. As because of transient and volatile nature of nitric oxide, it was unsuitable to measure the nitric oxide level by conventional method. However, two stable break down product, nitrate (NO3 -) and nitrate (NO2 -) could be easily detected by sprectophototric means. Nitrate (NO2 -) was first converted to Nitrite (NO3 -) by reduction process using cadmium. Then concentration was measured by using Griess reagent in UV sprectophototric machine. This procedure was done in the Biochemistry Department, Dhaka University.
Results: The mean nitrite level was found 18.37}3.64 mol/L in case group and 25.57}2.11mol/ L in control group, which was significantly (p<0.05) higher in control group. The mean serum creatinine level was found 1.19}0.28 mg/dl in case group and 0.65}0.1 mg/dl in control group. The mean serum creatinine level was significantly (p<0.05) higher in case groups. Nitrite level had no correlation with onset of hypertension (r=-0.006; p=0.966), onset of proteinuria (r=0.071; p=0.623), systolic blood pressure (r=0.012; p=0.933), diastolic blood pressure (r=-0.159; p=0.269) and urine protein (r=0.047, p=0.748).
Conclusion: As pregnancy progressed there was a decrease in plasma nitric oxide levels in preeclampsia. Urine uric acid to creatinine ratio increased with the decrease in nitric oxide levels and can be used as a marker for preeclampsia.
Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2017; Vol. 32(2) : 60-66
Risk Factors and Outcome of Preterm Labour in Tertiary Health Centre
Authors: Khanum Mst Afroza , Lavereen Salma , Moniruzzaman - , Romana - 
Published: August 2020

Background: Currently preterm labour is one of the most challenging problems confronting the obstetricians and perinatologists. This unfortunate episode accounts for 50-75% of the perinatal mortality.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 210 pregnant women with preterm labour admitted in Monno Medical College Hospital, Manikganj from June 2014 to December 2015, to study the causes and outcome of preterm birth in Tertiary health centre of Manikganj.
Results: Occurence of preterm birth was 13.82%; 47.14% occured between 34-37 weeks of gestation; 33.80% occured 31-33 weeks of gestation and occurred in 28-30 weeks 19.04%. About 22% patients presenting with preterm labour had a past history of abortions and 14.3% had a history of preterm delivery. Premature rupture of membranes was found to be the most common risk factor related with preterm labour in the present pregnancy. Genitourinary tract infection was the next important risk factor of preterm labour; 24.8% (86) patients had either vaginal infection (19.5%) or urinary infection (21.4%) or both. Another important risk factor identified in this study was antepartum haemorrage which was cause in 11.4 % cases. Preterm babies commonly suffered from various complications like jaundice (32.1%), respiratory distress syndrome (22.6%), asphyxia (13.5%), sepsis, hypoglycemia and coagulopathy.
Conclusion: Most of the preterm births occured between 34-37 weeks of gestation. Most common risk factors of preterm births are history of abortion and preterm delivery in previous pregnancy; PROM UTI vaginal infection, PIH and APH in correct pregnancy. Newborn jaundice, RDS and birth asphyxia are the common neonatal morbidity in preterm labour. Identifying risk factors to prevent the onset of preterm labour and advanced neonatal care unit can help decrease neonatal morbidity and mortality.
Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2017; Vol. 32(2) : 90-93
Aspirin to Prevent Preeclampsia
Authors: Begum Ferdousi , Chowdhury TA 
Published: August 2020

Background: Pre-eclampsia is a major cause of mortality and morbidity during pregnancy and childbirth. There are recommendations on use of medications to prevent preeclampsia, including low dose aspirin.
Objective: The objective of this review is to discuss role of aspirin in reducing the incidence and maternal mortality and morbidity due to preeclampsia including its dose and duration of use.
Methods: Review of available literature in internet and from libraries.
Results: Four large randomized trials have demonstrated a reduction in the incidence of preeclampsia in patients treated with low-dose aspirin prophylaxis compared with placebo/ no treatment (15 versus 19 percent, 18 versus 20 percent, 6.7 versus 7.6 percent, and 1.6 versus 4.3 percent); however, the results were statistically significant in only the last trial. When data from these and other trials were pooled, meta-analyses supported the significance of the trend observed in individual trials. When begun early in the second trimester, use of low-dose aspirin (75-150 mg) reduced the incidence of preeclampsia by at least 10 percent, with the greatest absolute benefit in women at moderate to high risk of developing the disease. Serious sequelae of early onset preeclampsia, such as preterm birth and fetal growth restriction, were also reduced.
Conclusion: Low-dose aspirin reduces the frequency of preeclampsia, as well as related adverse pregnancy outcomes (preterm birth, growth restriction), by about 10 to 20 percent when given to women at moderate to high risk of the disease. It has an excellent maternal/ fetal safety profile in pregnancy. WHO recommends Low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin, 75 mg) for the prevention of preeclampsia in women at high risk of developing the condition; should be initiated before 20 weeks of pregnancy. It should be taken preferably from 13th week of pregnancy, daily, regularly and may be discontinued 5 to 10 days before delivery.
Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2017; Vol. 32(2) : 106-116
Iatrogenic Rupture Uterus with Bowel Prolapse – Missmanaged Third Stage of Labour
Authors: Nahar Shamsun , Akther Nasren , Dav Palash Kumar , Sultana Mamuni , Kundu Dilip Kumar 
Published: August 2020

We present a case of mismanaged 3rd stage of labour by untrained dai who delivered the patient by injudicious administration of uterotoric drug and tried to remove the placenta manually with excavation of the small intestine through vagina. Every women present a unique challenge during her pregnancy and delivery period, unfortunately a significant number will have medical and surgical problems which will complicate their pregnancy and puerperal period, develop such serious condition that the lives of both mother and their unborn baby will be threatened. The aim of this case presentation are to ensure the ANC for every women and facilitate to make informed decision concerning where they will be seen, who will undertake the case, which screening test to be done, where they plan to give birth and where she will achieve full facility for safe delivery. These helps to prevent the catastrophic complications.
Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2017; Vol. 32(2) : 124-127
Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy: Intravenous Iron Sucrose versus Oral Iron Sulfate
Authors: Arzoo Shabera , Yousof Shereen , Rahman Jahanara , Chowdhury Sameena 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Injectable iron sucrose and oral ferrous sulfate both are used for the correctionof anaemia in second and third trimester of pregnancy. But injectable iron is supposed to bemore effective than oral iron, as it needs less time for correction of anaemia and efficacy ismore. Oral iron is cost effective but more time consuming.The objective of the study was to compare the safety of intravenous iron sucrose complex inthe treatment of iron deficiency anemia in third trimester of pregnancy. To compare theefficacy of intravenous iron with oral iron.
Method: A randomised controlled trial was conducted in which pregnant women with irondeficiency were sequentially selected from the pregnant women attended antenatal clinic ofOPD of Institute of Child and Maternal Health (ICMH) and assigned either to injectable or tooral ferrous sulfate by random number table. Each study patient was given the total calculatedamount of injectable iron sucrose {Hb deficit (gm/l) × body weight (kg) × 0.24+ storage ironmg } in divided dose 200 mg in 200 ml normal saline intravenously over 1 hour everyalternate day . Each patient of the control group was given ferrous sulfate 200mg orally threetimes a day for 4 weeks. Pregnant women follow up at 4 weeks and 8 weeks after gettreatment by oral and injectable iron. During follow up monitored for adverse effects, clinicaland laboratory response and haemoglobin percentage were observed.
Result: There were 75 patients in injectable group and 75 patients in oral group. Injectablegroup achieved a significantly higher Hb level (11.49 ± 0.39) than oral group Hb level (10.39± 0.75) after 8 weeks of treatment. Injectable group showed no major side effects, only twopatient had complains .One patient complain of epigastic pain and one patient complain oftachycardia while in oral group complain of nausea and vomiting, epigastic pain, constipation,allergic reaction was found in 42.0%, 39.3%,35.7% and 3.6% respectively.
Conclusion: Iron sucrose complex appears to be a safe and effective in the treatment ofiron deficiency anemia.
Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018; Vol. 33(1) : 40-44
Diagnostic Clues and Management of ectopic Pregnancy in Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital, Dhaka
Authors: Islam Nazia 
Published: August 2020

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is a common clinical condition. Diagnosis and managementof this condition is necessary in due to day practice.
Methods: A cross sectional study on ectopic pregnancy was conducted in Sir SalimullahMedical College and Mitford Hospital (SSMC & MH) , Dhaka, with the objective to analyzethe risk factors and assess the results of management with respect to maternal morbidityand mortality of ectopic pregnancy during the last two years.
Result: Fifty patients were admitted with ectopic pregnancy from 1st January 2008 to 31stDecember 2010.Frequency of ectopic pregnancy were 1.5% of total 3252 pregnancies. Riskfactors were found in 45% of cases. Surgical treatment were performed in total 43 patients.There was one heterotrophic pregnancy and one case of abdominal pregnancy. Four patientswere given intramuscular Methotrexate and two un-ruptured ectopics resolved spontaneouslyafter by expectant management.
Conclusion: Conservative management was an option but surgical treatment was donemore often because of late referrals. Screening of high risk cases, early diagnosis and earlyintervention would reduce the morbidity in ectopic pregnancies.
Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018; Vol. 33(1) : 49-53
Cervical Cancer Screening Program in Bangladesh
Authors: Nessa Ashrafun , Chowdhury Saleha Begum , Fatima Parveen , Kamal Mohammed , Sharif Mohammad , Azad Abul Kalam 
Published: August 2020

Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwidewith an estimated 569,847 new cases and 311,365 deaths in the year 2018. In Bangladesh,the incidence of CC was 8068 and 5214 women died from CC in the year 2018.1CC constitutesabout 12% of the female cancer in this country.1
Methods: The present situation of cervical cancer screening program is reviewed.
Results: The Government of Bangladesh (GOB) adopted visual inspection of cervix withacetic acid (VIA) method for cervical cancer screening. The major strengths of VIA is itssimplicity, low cost, potential for immediate linkage with investigations/treatment, feasible inlow resource settings and the possibility of rapid training to the providers. The GOB hasextended the program to all districts and selected upazilas.The screening programme hasbeen implemented through capacity building of service providers of Medical College Hospitals(MCHs), District Hospitals (DHs), Mother and Child care Welfare Centers (MCWCs) andselected Upazila Health Compleses(UHCs) and several institutes.Serviceprovidersareperforming VIA for the women of 30 years and above at about 417 VIA centres at primary,secondary and tertiary level health care facilities of 64 districts of Bangladesh. Screen positivecases are being referred to the colposcopy clinics of 14 government MCHs and BSMMU,where evaluation and management are carried out. From January 2005 to June 2017,1647380VIA tests were performed at different facilities with 4.6%positivity.Among the VIA+ve women attending women at the colposcopy clinic of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib MedicalUniversity (BSMMU), 51% had precancerous or cancerous condition of the cervix, 3312(14.10%) were treated by local excision, 2428 (10.30%)by local ablative method and1413(6%) women with cervical cancer were referred to oncology. In Bangladesh, LEEPand thermalablation has acquired acceptability as a commonly used treatment method for selected CINand ‘see-and-treat’ approach for high grade diseases combining colposcopy and LEEP/thermal ablation has been adopted since the year 2010 to improve compliance to treatment.
Conclusion: Bangladesh has established VIA as screening test for prevention of cervicalcancer in quiet a good number of facilities with wide coverage. But the program has to beexpanded readily to prevent cancer and reduce sufferings & untimely death of women dueto this devastating disease.
Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018; Vol. 33(1) : 63-73