bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute Statin Administration Reduces Levels of Steroid Hormone Precursors
Authors: London Edra , Tatsi Christina , Soldin Steven J. , Wassif Christopher A. , Backlund Peter , Ng David , Biesecker Leslie G. , Stratakis Constantine A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCholesterol-lowering statin drugs are used by approximately 25% of US adults 45 years of age and older and frequency of use is even higher among the elderly. Cholesterol provides the substrate for steroid hormone synthesis and its intracellular concentrations are tightly regulated. Our aim was to evaluate whether statin use acutely changes the circulating levels of cortisol, other glucocorticoid precursor molecules and their metabolites. Fourteen subjects not taking statins were administered a single oral dose (2 mg) of pitavastatin. Blood samples collected at baseline and 24 h post-treatment were analyzed for plasma cholesterol and steroid hormone profile. A parallel study in mice entailed the administration of atorvastatin (10 mg/kg) via orogastric delivery for three consecutive days. Cholesterol and corticosterone levels were quantified at baseline and at 1-day and 1-week post-treatment. Several precursor molecules in the steroidogenic pathway (corticosterone, cortisone, and 11-deoxycortisol) were significantly decreased 24 h after administration of a single dose of pitavastatin in human study subjects. Their circulating cholesterol concentrations were unchanged. In mice, there were no significant differences in serum cholesterol or corticosterone at 1-day or 1-week post-treatment compared to both pre-treatment baseline levels and control group levels. We conclude that acute dysregulation of the production of certain glucocorticoid precursor molecules was observed after a single treatment with a lipophilic statin drug. This may be of clinical relevance for individuals with underlying or subclinical adrenal insufficiency.
Unique Indications for Covered Stent Grafts in Neuroradiology Departments of Level 1 Trauma Centers
Authors: Goelz Leonie , Kreißl Lutz , Gutowski Pawel , Sparenberg Paul , Kirsch Michael , Mutze Sven 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective To describe unique indications for covered stent grafts in trauma-associated cerebrovascular injuries.
Patients Between 2006 and 2018, five patients with cerebrovascular injuries were treated with a covered stent graft. We present a retrospective analysis of technique and outcomes.
Results In all cases stent deployment was successful. Endoleaks occurred in two cases requiring additional transvenous embolization of a carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) in one patient. Two cases of in-stent thrombosis were observed during intervention and 2 days postintervention in a patient with a long-segment dissection of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and another patient with a contained ICA rupture, both of which could not be prepared with dual antiplatelet therapy. Intravenous heparin and intra-arterial tirofiban dissolved in-stent thrombosis efficiently. One CCF and an iatrogenic vertebral artery injury were covered adequately with GraftMaster stent grafts.
Conclusion Patient selection with regard to individual anatomy and the site of vascular lesions is essential for an uncomplicated deployment of covered stent grafts and the success of therapy. Management of dual antiplatelet therapy, anticoagulation, and an escalation of medication in cases of in-stent thrombosis require expertise, a strict therapeutic regime, and an evaluation of individual risks in polytraumatized patients.
Single-session Curative Embolization of Unruptured Cerebellar Arteriovenous Malformation with Precipitating Hydrophobic Injectable Liquid
Authors: Saal-Zapata Giancarlo , Valer Dante , Rodriguez Rodolfo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMicrosurgery is the treatment of choice for cerebellar arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Nevertheless, endovascular therapy aims to be an effective treatment since the introduction of new embolic agents. Cerebellar AVMs represent a subgroup of vascular lesions with a high rate of hemorrhagic presentation compared with their cerebral counterpart. Moreover, they have a higher incidence of flow-related aneurysms when diagnosed. With this in mind, prompt treatment must be performed to avoid rebleeding with devastating consequences. Herein, we present the case of an unruptured cerebellar AVM treated with precipitating hydrophobic injectable liquid (PHIL) with complete obliteration.
Hemispheric Dominance for Language and Side Effects in Mapping the Inferior Frontal Junction Area with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Authors: Sakreida Katrin , Blume-Schnitzler Johanna , Frankemölle Grit , Drews Vanessa , Heim Stefan , Willmes Klaus , Clusmann Hans , Neuloh Georg 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background and Study Aims Language mapping by navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is commonly applied over the left language-dominant hemisphere to indicate the language-related cortex. Detailed language mapping of Broca's region including stimulation targets in the immediate vicinity to the premotor cortex may raise concern about confounding unspecific motor effects. We performed interhemispheric comparisons to delineate such possible unspecific effects from true TMS-induced language inhibition.
Material and Methods Fifteen healthy German speakers named object pictures during navigated TMS over a left- and right-hemispheric target array covering the left inferior frontal junction area. Six mapping repetitions were conducted per hemisphere. Order of stimulation side was randomized between participants. Self-rating of discomfort was assessed after each stimulation; language errors and motor side effects were evaluated offline.
Results Naming errors were observed significantly more frequently during left- than right-hemispheric stimulation. The same pattern was found for the most frequent error category of performance errors. Hierarchical cluster analyses of normalized ratings of error severity revealed a clear focus of TMS susceptibility for language inhibition in object naming at the dorsoposterior target sites only in the left hemisphere. We found no statistical difference in discomfort ratings between both hemispheres and also no interhemispheric difference in motor side effects, but we observed significantly stronger muscle contractions of the eyes as compared with the mouth.
Conclusion Our results of (1) unspecific pre-/motor effects similarly induced in both hemispheres, and (2) a specific focus of TMS susceptibility in the language-dominant hemisphere render any substantial contribution of nonlanguage-specific effects in TMS language mapping of the inferior frontal junction area highly unlikely.
The dual nature of irrealis in complementation
Authors: Holvoet Axel 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This article explores the connection between irrealis mood and type of complement clause. It is argued that irrealis performs different functions in propositional and state-of-affairs complements, reflecting either irreality (non-actualisation in a situation that often has a concrete location in time) or lack of temporal and situational anchoring. While these distinct functions could be viewed as different realisations of a general irrealis meaning, one must keep in mind that general irrealis meanings are generalisations of more specific meanings arising in particular contexts of grammaticalisation. It is argued that the functions defined above are useful intermediate generalisations enabling a coherent account of irrealis use in complementation. However, the distinction between propositional and state-of-affairs complements is not neat: functions characteristic of the propositional domain also occasionally spill over into the state-of-affairs domain (in the form of counterfactuality or non-factuality marking) and vice versa (as the unanchoring function of subjunctives with evaluative predicates).
Who defines role?
Authors: Martínez-Gómez Aída 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This article analyzes the communicative behaviors of non-professional interpreters and primary
participants in the context of therapy/counseling sessions in a prison setting. It describes the negotiation and
collaboration patterns established among all members of the communicative triad in order to co-construct the
interpreter’s role dialogically, in a corpus of 26 mental health interviews in a prison setting between
therapists/counselors and allophone prisoners, with other inmates as interpreters. Using Goffman’s (1981) concept of footing as the main analytical tool, it sheds light on the
conversational strategies that all members of the triad use to initiate, accept, or resist the interpreter’s shifts to
different footings, especially those that depart most dramatically from widely accepted “translator” ones.
Cranial integration in the fire salamander, Salamandra salamandra (Caudata: Salamandridae)
Authors: Bon Margot , Bardua Carla , Goswami Anjali , Fabre Anne-Claire 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPhenotypic integration and modularity are concepts that represent the pattern of connectivity of morphological structures within an organism. Integration describes the coordinated variation of traits, and analyses of these relationships among traits often reveals the presence of modules, sets of traits that are highly integrated but relatively independent of other traits. Phenotypic integration and modularity have been studied at both the evolutionary and static level across a variety of clades, although most studies thus far are focused on amniotes, and especially mammals. Using a high-dimensional geometric morphometric approach, we investigated the pattern of cranial integration and modularity of the Italian fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra giglioli). We recovered a highly modular pattern, but this pattern did not support either entirely developmental or functional hypotheses of cranial organisation, possibly reflecting complex interactions amongst multiple influencing factors. We found that size had no significant effect on cranial shape, and that morphological variance of individual modules had no significant relationship with degree of within-module integration. The pattern of cranial integration in the fire salamander is similar to that previously recovered for caecilians, with highly integrated jaw suspensorium and occipital regions, suggesting possible conservation of patterns across lissamphibians.
Early Diabetes Discovery From Tongue Images
Authors: Naveed Safia , G Geetha , S Leninisha 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Medical imaging shows the internal structures hidden in the skin and bone to diagnose the disease. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that causes high blood sugar levels due to the inadequate secretion of insulin or the body does not respond properly to the secreted insulin. This paper proposes a non-invasive method to detect DM at an early stage based on the physiognomy extracted from tongue images. The tongue extends to identify the disease of a human body. However, unpredictable response of the human body parts such as the stomach, pancreas, liver and intestines revert in the tongue. The changes in the tongue ensure the dereliction of the internal organs of the human being. The changes are difference in the color and surface of the tongue. Processing of tongue image is done by fractional order Darwinian particle swarm optimization (FODPSO) algorithm. The system framework involves obtaining the image, alluring of the image, identifying the texture and color feature and finally classified as normal or diabetic. In this paper, the authors propose to diagnose DM at an early stage from tongue digital image. The tongue image is acquired and processed with FODPSO to extract edge and texture features. Tongue reflects and diagnoses diabetes in a person.
Clinical risk factors and atherosclerotic plaque extent to define risk for major events in patients without obstructive coronary artery disease: the long-term coronary computed tomography angiography CONFIRM registry
Authors: van Rosendael Alexander R , Bax A Maxim , Smit Jeff M , van den Hoogen Inge J , Ma Xiaoyue , Al’Aref Subhi , Achenbach Stephan , Al-Mallah Mouaz H , Andreini Daniele , Berman Daniel S , Budoff Matthew J , Cademartiri Filippo , Callister Tracy Q , Chang Hyuk-Jae , Chinnaiyan Kavitha , Chow Benjamin J W , Cury Ricardo C , DeLago Augustin , Feuchtner Gudrun , Hadamitzky Martin , Hausleiter Joerg , Kaufmann Philipp A , Kim Yong-Jin , Leipsic Jonathon A , Maffei Erica , Marques Hugo , de Araújo Gonçalves Pedro , Pontone Gianluca , Raff Gilbert L , Rubinshtein Ronen , Villines Todd C , Gransar Heidi , Lu Yao , Peña Jessica M , Lin Fay Y , Shaw Leslee J , Min James K , Bax Jeroen J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Aims
In patients without obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), we examined the prognostic value of risk factors and atherosclerotic extent.

Methods and results
Patients from the long-term CONFIRM registry without prior CAD and without obstructive (≥50%) stenosis were included. Within the groups of normal coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) (N = 1849) and non-obstructive CAD (N = 1698), the prognostic value of traditional clinical risk factors and atherosclerotic extent (segment involvement score, SIS) was assessed with Cox models. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were defined as all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction, or late revascularization. In total, 3547 patients were included (age 57.9 ± 12.1 years, 57.8% male), experiencing 460 MACE during 5.4 years of follow-up. Age, body mass index, hypertension, and diabetes were the clinical variables associated with increased MACE risk, but the magnitude of risk was higher for CCTA defined atherosclerotic extent; adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for SIS &gt;5 was 3.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.3–4.9) while HR for diabetes and hypertension were 1.7 (95% CI 1.3–2.2) and 1.4 (95% CI 1.1–1.7), respectively. Exclusion of revascularization as endpoint did not modify the results. In normal CCTA, presence of ≥1 traditional risk factors did not worsen prognosis (log-rank P = 0.248), while it did in non-obstructive CAD (log-rank P = 0.025). Adjusted for SIS, hypertension and diabetes predicted MACE risk in non-obstructive CAD, while diabetes did not increase risk in absence of CAD (P-interaction = 0.004).

Conclusion
Among patients without obstructive CAD, the extent of CAD provides more prognostic information for MACE than traditional cardiovascular risk factors. An interaction was observed between risk factors and CAD burden, suggesting synergistic effects of both.
Sirolimus and Other Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Inhibitors Directly Activate Latent Pathogenic Human Polyomavirus Replication
Authors: Alvarez Orellana Jennifer , Kwun Hyun Jin , Artusi Sara , Chang Yuan , Moore Patrick S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Human polyomaviruses can reactivate in transplant patients, causing nephropathy, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, Merkel cell carcinoma, pruritic, rash or trichodysplasia spinulosa. Sirolimus and related mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors are transplant immunosuppressants. It is unknown if they directly reactivate polyomavirus replication from latency beyond their general effects on immunosuppression.

Methods
In vitro expression and turnover of large T (LT) proteins from BK virus, JC virus (JCV), Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV), human polyomavirus 7 (HPyV7), and trichodysplasia spinulosa polyomavirus (TSV) after drug treatment were determined by immunoblotting, proximity ligation, replicon DNA replication, and whole virus immunofluorescence assays.

Results
mTOR inhibition increased LT protein expression for all 5 pathogenic polyomaviruses tested. This correlated with LT stabilization, decrease in the S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) E3 ligase targeting these LT proteins for degradation, and increase in virus replication for JCV, MCV, TSV, and HPyV7. Treatment with sirolimus, but not the calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus, at levels routinely achieved in patients, resulted in a dose-dependent increase in viral DNA replication for BKV, MCV, and HPyV7.

Conclusions
mTOR inhibitors, at therapeutic levels, directly activate polyomavirus replication through a Skp2-dependent mechanism, revealing a proteostatic latency mechanism common to polyomaviruses. Modifying existing drug regimens for transplant patients with polyomavirus-associated diseases may reduce symptomatic polyomavirus replication while maintaining allograft-sparing immunosuppression.
Determination of Sulfamethazine in Swine and Cattle Feed by Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography with Post-Column Derivatization: Pre-Collaborative Study
Authors: Albert Kendrick , Smallidge Robert L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In-house validation of a liquid chromatographic method for determination of sulfamethazine in swine and cattle feed was performed to verify that the method was ready for collaborative study under AOAC INTERNATIONAL guidelines. In this method, sulfamerazine is added during the extraction procedure and is used as an internal standard to correct for variable recovery of sulfamethazine from a variety of swine and cattle feed matrixes. The determinative step involves the use of post-column derivatization with dimethylaminobenzaldehyde which reacts with the primary amine group on the sulfonamides. Detection is at 450 nm, a wavelength at which most co-extracted matrix materials and other feed additives do not absorb light. The results indicate that the method recovery, precision, and ruggedness meet normal criteria to be ready for a collaborative study. Fortification experiments over a range of sulfamethazine concentrations from 0.006 to 0.26% showed an overall recovery relative to the internal standard of 100 ± 2%. These studies include both swine and cattle feed matrixes. The mean recovery in the analysis of 3 beef cattle experimental feeds was 98.9%. The method results agreed with the AOAC INTERNATIONAL Official Method for colorimetric analysis of swine feed. Method precision was excellent during in-house validation studies, with coefficients of variation (CVs) ranging from about 0.5 to 3%. The method ruggedness was verified with an overall CV of 3.5%.
pH-Metric Determination of Acid Numbers of Petroleum Oils without Titration
Authors: Kuselman Ilya , Tur’yan Yakov I , Strochkova Elena , Goldfeld Irena , Shenhar Avinoam 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A pH-metric method was developed for determination of the acid numbers of oils containing organic and inorganic acids at levels &lt;0.1 mg KOH/g oil. The method is based on rapid and complete extraction of acids from a test portion of oil into a special reagent, and measurement of the conditional pH of the mixture “oil–reagent” by a glass electrode. The method uses nontoxic reagents, is not time and labor consuming, and is cheap and simple enough for automation.
Estimation of Residues of Carbofuran and Its Metabolites in Sugarcane and Soil by Derivatization with 1-Fluoro-2,4-Dinitrobenzene and Gas Chromatography with Nitrogen-Phosphorus Detection
Authors: Battu Raminderjit S , Kalra Rajinder L , Dhillon Ranjit S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Residues of carbofuran and its metabolites were studied in sugarcane plants and soil after application at 1 and 2 kg/ha. The residues of carbofuran and its metabolites were extracted by refluxing with 0.25N HCl, partitioned into dichloromethane, and cleaned up on acidic alumina. The respective 7-phenols of carbofuran, 3-ketocarbofuran, and 3-hydroxycarbofuran were destroyed by treatment with ceric ammonium sulfate, and the residues were derivatized with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. The derivatives were estimated by gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection. The concentration of 3-hydroxycarbofuran in sugarcane plants remained higher and persisted longer than that of the parent compound. Carbofuran-derived residues were not detected in cane juice. Soil samples were found to contain only carbofuran, which declined at a very fast rate that followed a first-order kinetics rate of reaction.
Methodology for Studying Oxidation of Organic Species in Solution
Authors: Grimes Susan M , Ngwang Helen C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A photoreactor was developed to study products of photochemical oxidation in a wide range of organic compounds. Analysis of the products from the reactor were used to determine the extent of mineralization of the organic material, to characterize any intermediate compounds formed, and to obtain information on the decomposition mechanism. Appropriate methods for separation and characterization include LC, UV spectrophotometry, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, total organic carbon, and total inorganic carbon. The uses of the reactor are described for the photocatalytic decomposition of phenol and of its major decomposition intermediates 1,2- and 1,4-dihydroxybenzene.
Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Tocopherols and Tocotrienols in Vegetable Oils, Formulated Preparations, and Biscuits
Authors: Bonvehi Josep Serra , Coll Francesc Ventura , Rius Imma Alsina 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A precise and selective liquid chromatographic procedure for determining tocopherol and tocotrienol isomers in vegetable oils, formulated preparations, and biscuits was developed and validated. The proposed method quantitates vitamin E in better conditions of recoverability and reproducibility than the standard saponification procedure. Tocopherols and tocotrienols were extracted in hexane from vegetable oils, passed through a silica Sep-pak, chromatographed on a μ-Bondapak C18 column with a mobile phase of methanol–water (95 + 5, v/v), identified at 292 nm, and detected with fluorescence procedure (excitation 296 nm, and emission 330 nm). The correlation coefficient on the calibration curve was 0.9995 over the range of 0.1 to 100 μg/mL. Overall recovery of vitamin E isomers was 93%; coefficients of variation for intra- and interday precision, &lt;2.25%. The results obtained from extraction methods 1 (with saponification) and 2 (without saponification) were compared by ANOVA test. Significant differences appeared between vitamin E isomers (p ≤ 0.05).
Multiresidue Method for the Gas Chromatographic Determination of Pesticides in Honey after Solid-Phase Extraction Cleanup
Authors: Jansson Christer 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A new multiresidue method is described for the determination of pesticides in honey. The method involves dissolution of the honey in a methanol–water mixture, followed by solid-phase extraction cleanup and gas chromatographic determination. Twenty-six pesticides used on flowering field crops, on flowering fruit and vegetables, or as acaricides to control Varroa jacobsoni in beehives are determined by the method. Recoveries from honey, spiked at 0.02–1.6 mg/kg, ranged from 85 to 127% with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2–16%, except for the RSD of 27% for captan at 0.05 mg/kg.