bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptation of babies in three types of placement: An ethological approach
Authors: Ducreux Edwige , Puentes‐Neuman Guadalupe 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTThe present pilot study focuses on the adaptive processes of babies who are placed during their first months of life. It used an ethological approach to explore the behavioural adjustment of 19 infants from their arrival in placement through their first 6 weeks in Residential Care (RC; France), a Foster Family (FF; Québec) or an Infant–Mother Centre (IMC; Québec). Direct observations were conducted once a week during feeding sessions. Observed behaviours were as follows: sleep–wake state, self‐soothing, burp, visual exploration, motor activity, facial and vocal expressions. Then, a Kruskal–Wallis test was conducted to examine differences in babies’ adaption as a function of placement setting. Results showed that, in RC, the duration of the post‐feeding phase is the shortest. Moreover, these institutionalized babies showed the most modes of self‐protection and the fewest vocalizations. By contrast, babies placed in the IMC spent the least time in withdrawal, expressed motor activity more regularly and were never placed back in their recliner before burping. Larger differences appear comparing placement in RC and that in the IMC, the placement in FF showing intermediate results.
Psychological Intervention and Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Call to Action
Authors: Stevens Natalie R. , Miller Michelle L. , Puetz Ann‐Kathrin , Padin Avelina C. , Adams Natasia , Meyer Danie J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) during pregnancy is a significant global mental health concern that affects up to 1 in 5 trauma‐exposed pregnant women and is associated with an increased risk of adverse maternal and infant complications and health outcomes. This systematic literature review, conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, examined findings from studies of psychological interventions and treatments for prenatal PTSD to inform recommendations for future research. Relevant evidence was identified from reference reviews and electronic databases (i.e., PubMed, Google Scholar, PsychInfo, and Scopus). Included studies reported on the effect of nonpharmacological intervention or treatment of PTSD symptomatology delivered during pregnancy, with at least one postintervention follow‐up collected during pregnancy to assess prenatal treatment outcomes. The systematic review was augmented with a discussion of lower‐level evidence. Of the 954 articles screened, six peer‐reviewed, quantitative reports met the inclusion criteria and featured three empirically based interventions, including two randomized controlled trials: Two psychoeducation interventions for PTSD and one treatment study of interpersonal psychotherapy in trauma‐exposed pregnant women. Effect sizes for PTSD symptom change ranged from small to large, Cohen's d/ηp2 = 0.16–0.78. No studies examined evidence‐based PTSD treatments (e.g., exposure therapy, cognitive processing therapy). A risk of bias assessment indicated variability in study quality. This review demonstrates that research on prenatal PTSD symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment is extremely limited despite a clear link between prenatal PTSD and perinatal complications. Early evidence supports further scientific inquiry into psychoeducation, psychotherapy treatments (e.g., exposure therapy), integrated prenatal care approaches, and community‐based approaches.
Chondroitin sulfate modified and adriamycin preloaded hybrid nanoparticles for tumor‐targeted chemotherapy of lung cancer
Authors: Liang Xiang , Liang Xi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPromising cancer treatment requires the assistant of drug delivery systems (DDS) with the aim to increase the accumulation of drugs in tumor tissue. Herein, a hybrid DDS was successfully developed to integrate chondroitin sulfate (CS) and calcium carbonate (CC) in to one system. Anticancer drug adriamycin (Adr) was preloaded into CC nanoparticles to obtain Adr‐loaded CC nanoparticles (CC/Adr). The resulted CS‐CC/Adr nanoparticles as a biocompatible DDS was able to specifically target cancer cells to enhance the chemotherapy of lung cancer due to the surface modification of CS. Intracellular uptake as well as in vivo imaging results revealed the obtained CS‐CC/Adr nanoparticles (size of ~100 nm) showed CS mediated tumor specific accumulation into A549 and LLC cells than unmodified CC/Adr, in which the CD44 receptor might be involved, which finally resulted in stronger anticancer capability than Adr or CC/Adr. As a result, CS‐CC/Adr nanoparticles could be further extended to clinical administration in our future works.
Hypomethylation of SNCA in Idiopathic REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Associated With Phenoconversion
Authors: Li Yuan , Hao Shuwen , Zhang Hui , Mao Wei , Xue Jinhua , Zhang Yanli , Cai Yanning , Chan Piu 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundHypomethylation of intron 1 of the α‐synuclein (SNCA) gene has been extensively reported in the blood of patients with α‐synucleinopathies. Idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder represents a prodromal stage of α‐synucleinopathies. Methylation of α‐synuclein intron 1 in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder patients is largely unexplored. The objective of the current study was to assess blood α‐synuclein intron 1 methylation in patients and to explore it as a potential biomarker to predict phenoconversion and monitor disease progression.MethodsSeventy‐eight polysomnography‐confirmed patients and 74 healthy controls were enrolled. After an average of 3.75 years of follow up, 16 patients converted to neurodegenerative diseases (converters), whereas 59 did not (nonconverters). Blood DNA was obtained at baseline from all participants, as well as at the follow‐up visit for 27 patients. DNA methylation levels were determined using bisulfite pyrosequencing methods and were compared between patients and healthy controls, converters and nonconverters, and baseline and follow‐up visits.ResultsHypomethylation at cytosine‐phosphate‐guanine 10, 11, 12, 13, and 17 was found in patients compared with healthy controls. Hypomethylation at cytosine‐phosphate‐guanine 17 was associated with an increased risk of clinical phenoconversion, which was further enhanced with the presence of subtle motor abnormalities. In addition, it appeared that later reduction in methylation levels at cytosine‐phosphate‐guanine 14, 15, and 16 was associated with disease progression.ConclusionsPeripheral blood α‐synuclein intron 1 was hypomethylated in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder patients. α‐Synuclein methylation levels may be useful biomarkers to screen patients, predict phenoconversion, and monitor disease progression. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Graph‐based risk assessment and error detection in radiation therapy
Authors: Munbodh Reshma , Bowles Juliana K. , Zaveri Hitten P. 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe objective of this study was to formalize and automate quality assurance (QA) in radiation oncology. Quality assurance in radiation oncology entails a multistep verification of complex, personalized radiation plans to treat cancer involving an interdisciplinary team and high technology, multivendor software and hardware systems. We addressed the pretreatment physics chart review (TPCR) using methods from graph theory and constraint programming to study the effect of dependencies between variables and automatically identify logical inconsistencies and how they propagate.Materials and methodsWe used a modular approach to decompose the TPCR process into tractable units comprising subprocesses, modules and variables. Modules represented the main software entities comprised in the radiation treatment planning workflow and subprocesses grouped the checks to be performed by functionality. Module‐associated variables served as inputs to the subprocesses. Relationships between variables were modeled by means of a directed graph. The detection of errors, in the form of inconsistencies, was formalized as a constraint satisfaction problem whereby checks were encoded as logical formulae. The sequence in which subprocesses were visited was described in an activity diagram.ResultsThe comprehensive model for the TPCR process comprised 5 modules, 19 subprocesses and 346 variables, 225 of which were distinct. Modules included “Treatment Planning System” and “Record and Verify System.” Subprocesses included “Dose Prescription,” “Documents,” “CT Integrity,” “Anatomical Contours,” “Beam Configuration,” “Dose Calculation,” “3D Dose Distribution Quality,” and “Treatment Approval.” Variable inconsistencies, and their source and propagation were determined by checking for constraint violation and through graph traversal. Impact scores, obtained through graph traversal, combined with severity scores associated with an inconsistency, allowed risk assessment.ConclusionsDirected graphs combined with constraint programming hold promise for formalizing complex QA processes in radiation oncology, performing risk assessment and automating the TPCR process. Though complex, the process is tractable.
Tuned hybrid nonuniform subdivision surfaces with optimal convergence rates
Authors: Wei Xiaodong , Li Xin , Zhang Yongjie J. , Hughes Thomas J. R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article presents an enhanced version of our previous work, hybrid nonuniform subdivision (HNUS) surfaces, to achieve optimal convergence rates in isogeometric analysis (IGA). We introduce a parameter () to control the rate of shrinkage of irregular regions, so the method is called tuned hybrid nonuniform subdivision (tHNUS). Thus, HUNS is a special case of tHNUS when . While introducing in hybrid subdivision significantly complicates the theoretical proof of G1 continuity around extraordinary vertices, reducing can recover optimal convergence rates when tHNUS functions are used as a basis in IGA. From the geometric point of view, tHNUS retains comparable shape quality as HNUS under nonuniform parameterization. Its basis functions are refinable and the geometric mapping stays invariant during refinement. Moreover, we prove that a tHNUS surface is globally G1‐continuous. From the analysis point of view, tHNUS basis functions form a nonnegative partition of unity, are globally linearly independent, and their spline spaces are nested. In the end, we numerically demonstrate that tHNUS basis functions can achieve optimal convergence rates for the Poisson's problem with nonuniform parameterization around extraordinary vertices.
Prenatal array comparative genomic hybridization in a well‐defined cohort of high‐risk pregnancies. A 3‐year implementation results in a public tertiary academic referral hospital
Authors: Tanner Laura M. , Alitalo Tiina , Stefanovic Vedran 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo find out whether the diagnostic yield of prenatal array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) can be improved by targeting preselected high‐risk pregnancies.MethodAll the in‐house arrays ordered by the Fetomaternal Medical Center from February 2016 until December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The indications for array analysis included fetal structural abnormalities, increased nuchal translucency ≥3.5 mm and a chromosomal abnormality in a parent or a sibling. Common aneuploidies were excluded.ResultsDiagnostic yield was 15.1% in the entire patient cohort and as high as 20% in fetuses with multiple structural anomalies. The diagnostic yield was lowest in the group with isolated growth retardation. A total of 76 copy number variants (CNVs) were reported from a total of 65 samples, including 16 CNVs associated with a well‐described microdeletion/microduplication syndrome, six autosomal trisomies in mosaic form, and three pathogenic single‐gene deletions with dominant inheritance and 12 CNVs known to be risk factors for eg developmental delay.ConclusionThe diagnostic yield of aCGH was higher than what has previously been reported in less defined patient cohorts. However, the number of CNVs with unclear correlation to the fetal ultrasound findings was still relatively high. The importance of adequate pre‐ and posttest counseling must therefore be emphasized.
Safety and nonclinical and clinical pharmacokinetics of PC945, a novel inhaled triazole antifungal agent
Authors: Cass Lindsey , Murray Alison , Davis Amanda , Woodward Kathy , Albayaty Muna , Ito Kazuhiro , Strong Pete , Ayrton John , Brindley Charlie , Prosser Jayne , Murray John , French Eddie , Haywood Phillip , Wallis Christopher , Rapeport Garth 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPC945 is a novel antifungal triazole formulated for nebulized delivery to treat lung Aspergillus infections. Pharmacokinetic and safety profiles from nonclinical studies and clinical trials in healthy subjects, and subjects with mild asthma were characterized. Toxicokinetics were assessed following daily 2‐hour inhalation for 14 days. Potential for drug‐drug interactions was evaluated using pooled human liver microsomes. Clinical safety and pharmacokinetics were assessed following (a) single inhaled doses (0.5‐10 mg), (b) 7‐day repeat doses (5 mg daily) in healthy subjects; (c) a single dose (5 mg) in subjects with mild asthma. Cmax occurred 4 hours (rats) or immediately (dogs) after a single dose. PC945 lung concentrations were substantially higher (>2000‐fold) than those in plasma. PC945 only inhibited CYP3A4/5 substrate metabolism (IC50: 1.33 µM [testosterone] and 0.085 µM [midazolam]). Geometric mean Cmax was 322 pg/mL (healthy subjects) and 335 pg/mL (subjects with mild asthma) 4‐5 hours (median tmax) after a single inhalation (5 mg). Following repeat, once daily inhalation (5 mg), Day 7 Cmax was 951 pg/mL (0.0016 µM) 45 minutes after dosing. Increases in Cmax and AUC0–24h were approximately dose‐proportional (0.5‐10 mg). PC945 administration was well tolerated in both healthy subjects and subjects with mild asthma. Treatment‐emergent adverse events were mild/moderate and resolved before the study ended. No clinically significant lung function changes were observed. PC945 pharmacokinetics translated from nonclinical species to humans showed slow absorption from lungs and low systemic exposure, thereby limiting the potential for adverse side effects and drug interactions commonly seen with systemically delivered azoles.
Becoming advocates: Positioning immigrant youth to share, connect, and apply their stories as tools for social change
Authors: Martin‐Beltrán Melinda , Montoya‐Ávila Angélica , García Andrés A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlthough TESOL educators often incorporate autobiographical narrative as pedagogy to develop language and literacy among language learners, research has paid little attention to how immigrant youths’ personal stories relate to advocacy and social justice. This article addresses this gap by investigating and theorizing how student advocacy developed in an autobiographical narrative project, the Immigrant Student Stories Project (ISSP). Using a positioning theoretical lens and an ethnographic approach, the authors focus on students’ participation and voices in their narratives and draw upon interviews and observational fieldnotes across ISSP contexts within and beyond one high school. The authors’ investigation of the ISSP examined what students do with their narratives and how they are positioned both in and outside of a classroom context, which the authors argue have consequences for language learning and social justice. The study found that learners are positioned as legitimate speakers, community members, and advocates when they are afforded opportunities to share their stories publicly, connect their stories with a larger community, and apply their stories as tools for advocacy. This study contributes to TESOL scholarship by exploring student advocacy through the lens of positioning theory and revealing how advocacy, language, and literacy can develop synergistically through storytelling.
Multiscale optimisation of resonant frequencies for lattice-based additive manufactured structures
Authors: Nightingale Morgan , Hewson Robert , Santer Matthew 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper introduces a novel methodology for the optimisation of resonant frequencies in three-dimensional lattice structures. The method uses a multiscale approach in which the homogenised material properties of the lattice unit cell are defined by the spatially varying lattice parameters. Material properties derived from precomputed simulations of the small scale lattice are projected onto response surfaces, thereby describing the large-scale metamaterial properties as polynomial functions of the small-scale parameters. Resonant frequencies and mode shapes are obtained through the eigenvalue analysis of the large-scale finite element model which provides the basis for deriving the frequency sensitivities. Frequency tailoring is achieved by imposing constraints on the resonant frequency for a compliance minimisation optimisation. A sorting method based on the Modal Assurance Criterion allows for specific mode shapes to be optimised whilst simultaneously reducing the impact of localised modes on the optimisation. Three cases of frequency constraints are investigated and compared with an unconstrained optimisation to demonstrate the algorithms applicability. The results show that the optimisation is capable of handling strict frequency constraints and with the use of the modal tracking can even alter the original ordering of the resonant mode shapes. Frequency tailoring allows for improved functionality of compliance-minimised aerospace components by avoiding resonant frequencies and hence dynamic stresses.
Pathogenesis and contemporary diagnoses for lateral hip pain: a scoping review
Authors: Sunil Kumar Karadi Hari , Rawal Jaikirty , Nakano Naoki , Sarmento André , Khanduja Vikas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Recent advances in diagnostic imaging techniques and soft tissue endoscopy now allow for precise diagnosis and management of extra-articular hip pathology. The aim of this scoping review is to present an evidence-based update of the relevant literature focussing only on the pathoanatomy, clinical assessment and the diagnosis of pathology in the peritrochanteric space.

Methods
A literature search was performed on PubMed to include articles which reported on the anatomy and diagnosis of greater trochanteric pain syndrome, trochanteric bursitis, gluteus medius tears and external snapping hip syndrome.

Results
A total of 542 studies were identified, of which 49 articles were included for full text analysis for the scoping review. Peritrochanteric space pathology can be broadly classified into (1) greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS), (2) abductor tears and (3) external snapping hip syndrome. Anatomically, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fascia lata work in conjunction to abduct and internally rotate the hip. The anterolateral part of the gluteus medius tendon is more prone to tears due to a thin tendinous portion. Increased acetabular anteversion has also been shown to be associated with gluteal and trochanteric bursitis. In terms of clinical examination, tests which were found to be most useful for assisting in the diagnoses of lateral hip pain were the single-leg stance, resisted external derotation of the hip, hip lag sign and the Trendelenburg’s test. Dynamic ultrasound along with guided injections and MRI scan do assist in differentiating the pathology and confirming the diagnosis in patients presenting with lateral hip pain. Finally, the assessment of baseline psychological impairment is essential in this group of patients to ensure outcomes are optimised.

Conclusion
Lateral hip pain used to be a poorly defined entity, but advances in imaging and interest in sports medicine have led to a better understanding of the pathology, presentation and management of this cohort of patients. A thorough appreciation of the anatomy of the abductor musculature, specific clinical signs and imaging findings will lead to an appropriate diagnosis being made and management plan instituted.

Level of evidence
IV.
How proteins open fusion pores: insights from molecular simulations
Authors: Risselada H. Jelger , Grubmüller Helmut 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFusion proteins can play a versatile and involved role during all stages of the fusion reaction. Their roles go far beyond forcing the opposing membranes into close proximity to drive stalk formation and fusion. Molecular simulations have played a central role in providing a molecular understanding of how fusion proteins actively overcome the free energy barriers of the fusion reaction up to the expansion of the fusion pore. Unexpectedly, molecular simulations have revealed a preference of the biological fusion reaction to proceed through asymmetric pathways resulting in the formation of, e.g., a stalk-hole complex, rim-pore, or vertex pore. Force-field based molecular simulations are now able to directly resolve the minimum free-energy path in protein-mediated fusion as well as quantifying the free energies of formed reaction intermediates. Ongoing developments in Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), free energy calculations, and coarse-grained force-fields will soon gain additional insights into the diverse roles of fusion proteins.
Evaluation of [18F]F-DPA as a target for TSPO in head and neck cancer under normal conditions and after radiotherapy
Authors: Tuominen Sanni , Keller Thomas , Petruk Nataliia , López-Picón Francisco , Eichin Dominik , Löyttyniemi Eliisa , Verhassel Alejandra , Rajander Johan , Sandholm Jouko , Tuomela Johanna , Grönroos Tove J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Many malignant tumours have increased TSPO expression, which has been related to a poor prognosis. TSPO-PET tracers have not comprehensively been evaluated in peripherally located tumours. This study aimed to evaluate whether N,N-diethyl-2-(2-(4-([18F]fluoro)phenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)acetamide ([18F]F-DPA) can reflect radiotherapy (RT)-induced changes in TSPO activity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Methods
RT was used to induce inflammatory responses in HNSCC xenografts and cells. [18F]F-DPA uptake was measured in vivo in non-irradiated and irradiated tumours, followed by ex vivo biodistribution, autoradiography, and radiometabolite analysis. In vitro studies were performed in parental and TSPO-silenced (TSPO siRNA) cells. TSPO protein and mRNA expression, as well as tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), were also assessed.

Results
In vivo imaging and ex vivo measurement revealed significantly higher [18F]F-DPA uptake in irradiated, compared to non-irradiated tumours. In vitro labelling studies with cells confirmed this finding, whereas no effect of RT on [18F]F-DPA uptake was detected in TSPO siRNA cells. Radiometabolite analysis showed that the amount of unchanged [18F]F-DPA in tumours was 95%, also after irradiation. PK11195 pre-treatment reduced the tumour-to-blood ratio of [18F]F-DPA by 73% in xenografts and by 88% in cells. TSPO protein and mRNA levels increased after RT, but were highly variable. The proportion of M1/M2 TAMs decreased after RT, whereas the proportion of monocytes and migratory monocytes/macrophages increased.

Conclusions
[18F]F-DPA can detect changes in TSPO expression levels after RT in HNSCC, which does not seem to reflect inflammation. Further studies are however needed to clarify the physiological mechanisms regulated by TSPO after RT.