bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation into the influence of ignition location on flame spread and heat release rates of polyurethane foam slabs
Authors: Wilkens Flecknoe‐Brown Konrad , van Hees Patrick 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThis study presents the results from a set of 11 large‐scale open fire tests performed on flexible polyurethane foam slabs/mattresses. The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of the ignition location on the fire behaviour of the foam slabs and to generate data on a highly characterised material that could be used for modelling work in the future. A method for obtaining spatially resolved flame spread data for this type of material was presented using a gridded array of 5 × 10 thermocouples placed on the underside the foam slab and from this, flame spread was examined using three different approaches. The heat release rate (HRR) results showed clear shapes forming that were dependent on the ignition location, with two distinct behaviours being observed between the various different ignition locations, this was also observed in the calculated flame spread rate (FSR) data. Results within an individual test, showed the calculated range of FSRs over the geometry of the slab varied between approximately 1 and 8 mm/s depending on the ignition location. The average FSR values between tests varied between 3 and 7 mm/s and the maximum and minimum values were calculated to be approximately 11 and 2 mm/s respectively.
Erneuerung Kuckuckslay Tunnel – Aktuelle Erfahrungen beim Einsatz der Tunnel‐im‐Tunnel‐Methode
Authors: Vetter Stefan , Galli Mario , Steiner Peter 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe 450‐metre long Kuckuckslay Tunnel is a double track railway tunnel dating from 1871. It is located in Germany on the line between Trier and Cologne along the river Kyll. Since its commissioning, the tunnel is a non‐electrified line and has undergone only a few refurbishing measures. In 2018, a joint venture was commissioned to refurbish the Kuckuckslay Tunnel. During a 2.5‐year construction period, the Kuckuckslay Tunnel will be expanded using conventional tunnelling and provided with a new concrete lining. The so‐called ‘Tunnel‐im‐Tunnel‐Methode' would be used for the expansion, during which rail traffic could be maintained. In this case, the loading gauge of the railway in the area of the tunnelling work would be protected by a mobile construction rig. The Kuckuckslay Tunnel construction project offered a particular challenge due to the severely limited space inside and outside the tunnel, as well as the environmental conditions within a protected area. This article describes how these challenges were implemented and gives an overview of the state of work, as well as technical solutions and experience from the work completed.
Semmering Base Tunnel – Tunnelling in challenging geotechnical and geological conditions in major fault zones
Authors: Holzer Robert , Prall Karoline , Wagner Oliver Kai , Gobiet Gerhard 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOne of the major fault zones in the Semmering area runs along the Auebach Valley. In this fault zone a combination of soft fault rocks and water bearing hard rocks led to extremely challenging conditions in the design and execution of the tunnel. In difficult conditions, overlapping exploratory drillings in front of tunnel drive are essential to improve the geological‐hydrogeological model and to assess geotechnical risks. However, in the encountered geological‐hydrogeological conditions, the well‐established exploratory drilling methods reached their limits. Despite the ongoing risk analysis, a very large‐scale water and ground inflow with subsequent tunnel face collapse and development of a sinkhole on the surface occurred during the tunnelling. This paper describes the causes of the incident and the development of procedures to cope with the problem. In addition to the geological‐geotechnical analyses, the article also discusses the limitations of geotechnical surveillance in complex heterogeneous rock masses.
Beschreibung der Festigkeit von Fels unter echten triaxialen Bedingungen mit der Grenzbedingung nach Mogi‐Coulomb
Authors: Kosmann Benedikt , Perau Eugen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDurch Untersuchungen von Fels unter echten triaxialen Bedingungen kann der Einfluss der mittleren Hauptspannung auf das Versagen gezeigt werden. Für numerische Berechnungen von Tunneln und Bohrlöchern, bei denen die mittlere und kleinste Hauptspannung nicht identisch sind, wären Grenzbedingungen vorteilhaft, die den Einfluss der mittleren Hauptspannung berücksichtigen. Mit der in den Sonderfällen triaxialer Extension und Kompression mit Mohr‐Coulomb identischen Grenzbedingung nach Mogi‐Coulomb kann dieser Einfluss berücksichtigt werden. Um echte triaxiale Grenzzustände besser abbilden zu können, wird in diesem Aufsatz die modifizierte Grenzbedingung nach Mogi‐Coulomb untersucht, in der die Grenzbedingungen nach von Mises, Drucker‐Prager und Mohr‐Coulomb als Spezialfälle enthalten sind. Um Anwendungsmöglichkeiten aufzuzeigen, werden der Ursprung, die Fließfläche im Spannungsraum, der Einfluss der Parameter, die Konvexität und die Parametergewinnung aus Laborversuchen behandelt.
Attendance for diagnostic colposcopy among high‐risk human papillomavirus positive women in a Brazilian feasibility study
Authors: Buss Lewis F. , Levi José E. , Longatto‐Filho Adhemar , Cohen Diane D. , Cury Lise , Martins Toni R. , Fuza Luiz M. , Villa Luisa L. , Eluf‐Neto José 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate factors associated with colposcopy attendance in HPV‐positive women in São Paulo, Brazil.MethodsWe analyzed data from a prospective cohort of women positive for high‐risk HPV (hr‐HPV) undergoing cervical cancer screening in primary care services in São Paulo, Brazil. Non‐pregnant women attending routine screening between December 2014 and March 2016 were offered an hr‐HPV test, and those testing positive and aged 25 years or older were invited for colposcopy. Sociodemographic information was recorded at study enrollment. We compared variables between women who did and did not attend colposcopy within a logistic regression framework.ResultsOf 1537 hr‐HPV‐positive women, 1235 (80.4%) attended for colposcopy, with a median time from primary test to colposcopy of 132 days. Younger age (P<0.001) and concurrent negative cytology results (P=0.025) were associated with lower attendance. Women registered at units providing both the primary test and colposcopy were more likely to attend than those at units making external referrals (788/862 [91.4%] versus 447/675 [66.2%], P<0.001).ConclusionNon‐attendance for colposcopy may limit the success of future screening programs based on hr‐HPV testing in Brazil. Transfer of colposcopy services to primary care is a simple and effective facilitator of attendance.
The impact of a segregated team roster on obstetric and gynecology services in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic in a tertiary care center in India
Authors: Mahey Reeta , Sharma Aparna , Kumari Archana , Kachhawa Garima , Gupta Monica , Meena Jyoti , Bhatla Neerja 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the impact of roster reorganization on ensuring uninterrupted services while providing necessary relief to healthcare workers (HCW) in the obstetrics department of a tertiary care center amid the COVID‐19 outbreak.MethodsThe COVID‐19 rostering response began in April 2020 and evolved in two phases: (1) development of new areas for screening and managing suspected/positive cases of COVID‐19; and (2) team segregation according to area of work. The impact of these changes on HCWs and patients was assessed 3 months later.ResultsDeveloping separate areas helped to minimize the risk of exposure of patients and HCWs to those with COVID‐19. Residents and consultants worked intensively in clinical areas for 1 week followed by 1–2 weeks of non‐clinical or standby assignments, providing adequate opportunity for isolation. Frequent re‐evaluation of the roster was nevertheless required as the pandemic progressed. Segregating teams vertically significantly reduced the number of contacts identified on contact tracing and quarantine leaves, while maintaining patient satisfaction with no increase in adverse events. Residents found the roster to be “smart” and “pandemic‐appropriate.”ConclusionThe “COVID emergency roster” helped ensure quality care with minimum risk of exposure and sufficient breaks for physical and psychological recovery of HCWs.
Dangerous shortage of blood banks as an indirect effect of SARS‐CoV‐2: An obstetrics perspective
Authors: Nieto‐Calvache Albaro J. , Quintero‐Santacruz Marcela , Macia‐Mejía Carmenza , López‐Girón María C. , Vergara‐Galliadi Lina M. , Ariza Fredy 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the impact of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic on the frequency of blood donation (BD) in a Latin American hospital and how the social isolation policy implemented during the pandemic jeopardizes the quality of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) care due to shortages at blood banks (BB).MethodsA retrospective, descriptive study was conducted, lasting for 31 months, including the start of the pandemic. Frequency of BD and the use of obstetric emergency services was observed.ResultsA direct relationship was observed between the pandemic and a decrease in BD. Although emergency obstetric visits decreased, the frequency of deliveries and cases of PPH remained unchanged. After applying strategies to promote voluntary BD, a very slight increase was observed in the frequency of BD, with a negative indicator persisting between donation and blood demand.ConclusionThe SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic has led to shortages at BBs. In this context, typical measures to encourage an altruistic attitude toward BD have not had a significant impact. As causes of PPH continue, quality of care may be affected by the current situation at BBs. Governments and institutions must implement new strategies to motivate BD.
Gestational trophoblastic disease and human immunodeficiency virus infection: A 10‐year retrospective analysis of patients from the Free State Province, South Africa
Authors: Goedhals Jacqueline , Joubert Gina , Sherriff Alicia , Theron Magda 
Published: October 2020

SynopsisHIV positivity has been postulated to be a poor prognostic factor in patients with gestational trophoblastic disease. This study supported this hypothesis and also determined that HIV‐positive patients are more likely to have metastatic disease.
Lymphatic embolization for the management of symptomatic pelvic lymphocele after radical prostatectomy with lymph node dissection: Report of two cases
Authors: Schneider Gregoire , Ourfali Said , Rouviere Olivier , Pagnoux Gaele , Colombel Marc 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionPelvic lymphocele is the most common complication of pelvic lymph node dissection after radical prostatectomy. Management of symptomatic pelvic lymphocele begins with percutaneous drainage, followed by sclerotherapy or surgical marsupialization and more recently, lymphatic embolization. In this article, we show the feasibility and results of two lymphatic embolization after prostatectomy with lymph node dissection.Case presentationWe decided to perform lymphatic embolization in two patients with persistent symptomatic pelvic lymphocele, after percutaneous drainage. This was done through inguinal lymph node puncture using Lipiodol and N‐butyl cyanoacrylate glue injection. Drainage removal was done on the day after the procedure and clinical recovery was maintained at follow‐up visits, 3 and 4 months later, in both patients. Computed tomography at 6 and 10 weeks after embolization showed the disappearance of the lymphocele.ConclusionOur two case reports support the promising results of lymphatic embolization in this pathology.
A novel improved crow‐search algorithm to classify the severity in digital mammograms
Authors: Sannasi Chakravarthy S R , Rajaguru Harikumar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe survival rates of breast cancer are going up due to the emerging increase in its screening and diagnosis methods. However, breast cancer is yet the most intrusive disease found in women. Many techniques are emerging during recent years for the investigation of breast cancer using imaging modalities. The paper intends to categorize the severity present in the digital mammography images as either benign (B) or malignant (M) using an improved crow‐search optimization algorithm (ImCSOA). In the literature, the CSOA is generally used for solving several feature selection and numerical optimization problems. The objective is to utilize this popular optimization algorithm for the problem of biomedical image classification. However, if this algorithm is applied directly to classification problems, then it will result in poor classification of data. Hence, the original CSO (OCSO) algorithm undergoes suitable enhancements using a novel controlled parameter tuning, control operator and chaotic‐maps‐based controlled randomness. Four distinct chaotic maps are used for controlling the randomness in the OCSO algorithm. The mammogram images are obtained from the Mammographic Image Analysis Society and Digital Database for Screening Mammography data sets for the evaluation. The classification is accomplished through discrete wavelet transform‐based statistical features that are extracted at two levels [level 4 (L4) and level 6 (L6)] of decomposition. For both data sets, the ImCSOA with L4 and L6 decomposed bior4.4 wavelet features provides the maximum accuracy of around 85% to 86%, which is approximately 62% to 88% better than the OCSO algorithm with L4 and L6 decomposed bior4.4 wavelet features.
Photobiomodulation therapy drives massive epigenetic histone modifications, stem cells mobilization and accelerated epithelial healing
Authors: Martins Manoela D. , Silveira Felipe Martins , Martins Marco A. T. , Almeida Luciana O. , Bagnato Vanderlei S. , Squarize Cristiane H. , Castilho Rogerio M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEmerging evidence indicates the clinical benefits of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in the management of skin and mucosal wounds. Here, we decided to explore the effects of different regiments of PBMT on epithelial cells and stem cells, and the potential implications over the epigenetic circuitry during healing. Scratch‐wound migration, immunofluorescence (anti‐acetyl‐Histone H3, anti‐acetyl‐CBP/p300 and anti‐BMI1), nuclear morphometry and western blotting (anti‐Phospho‐S6, anti‐methyl‐CpG binding domain protein 2 [MBD2]) were performed. Epithelial stem cells were identified by the aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymatic levels and sphere‐forming assay. We observed that PBMT‐induced accelerated epithelial migration and chromatin relaxation along with increased levels of histones acetylation, the transcription cofactors CBP/p300 and mammalian target of rapamycin. We further observed a reduction of the transcription repression‐associated protein MBD2 and a reduced number of epithelial stem cells and spheres. In this study, we showed that PBMT could induce epigenetic modifications of epithelial cells and control stem cell fate, leading to an accelerated healing phenotype.
Measurement of two‐photon properties of indocyanine green in water and human plasma excited at the 1700‐nm window
Authors: Deng Xiangquan , He Chen , Cheng Hui , Li Jia , Lu Yuan , Qiu Ping , Wang Ke 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIndocyanine green (ICG) is a human compatible dye and is ideal for deep‐tissue two‐photon fluorescence (2PF) microscopy excited at the 1700‐nm window in vivo. However, the two‐photon excitation and emission properties of this dye remain unknown. Here we demonstrate measurement of the two‐photon excitation and emission properties of ICG in both water and human plasma, using home‐built two‐photon action cross‐sectional measurement and two‐photon emission spectrum measurement systems. Our results show that excited from 1600 to 1800 nm, 2PF can be generated from ICG dissolved in both water and human plasma. The measured two‐photon action cross‐sectional ησ2 of ICG dissolved in human plasma is an order‐of‐magnitude larger than that dissolved in water. The measured two‐photon emission spectrum overlaps with the one‐photon emission spectrum for ICG dissolved in both human plasma and water. Our results will provide key two‐photon parameters for the clinical use of ICG.
Fluorescence lifetime metabolic mapping of hypoxia‐induced damage in pancreatic pseudo‐islets
Authors: Zbinden Aline , Carvajal Berrio Daniel A. , Urbanczyk Max , Layland Shannon L. , Bosch Mariella , Fliri Sandro , Lu Chuan‐en , Jeyagaran Abiramy , Loskill Peter , Duffy Garry P. , Schenke‐Layland Katja 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPancreatic islet isolation from donor pancreases is an essential step for the transplantation of insulin‐secreting β‐cells as a therapy to treat type 1 diabetes mellitus. This process however damages islet basement membranes, which can lead to islet dysfunction or death. Posttransplantation, islets are further stressed by a hypoxic environment and immune reactions that cause poor engraftment and graft failure. The current standards to assess islet quality before transplantation are destructive procedures, performed on a small islet population that does not reflect the heterogeneity of large isolated islet batches. In this study, we incorporated fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) into a pancreas‐on‐chip system to establish a protocol to noninvasively assess the viability and functionality of pancreatic β‐cells in a three‐dimensional in vitro model (= pseudo‐islets). We demonstrate how (pre‐) hypoxic β‐cell‐composed pseudo‐islets can be discriminated from healthy functional pseudo‐islets according to their FLIM‐based metabolic profiles. The use of FLIM during the pretransplantation pancreatic islet selection process has the potential to improve the outcome of β‐cell islet transplantation.
Illuminating inequality in access: Variation in enrollment in undergraduate engineering programs across Virginia's high schools
Authors: Knight David B. , Grohs Jacob R. , Bradburn Isabel S. , Kinoshita Timothy J. , Vaziri Stacey , M. Matusovich Holly , Carrico Cheryl 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundDetermining the root causes of persistent underrepresentation of different subpopulations in engineering remains a continued challenge. Because place‐based variation of resource distribution is not random and because school and community contexts influence high school outcomes, considering variation across those contexts should be paramount in broadening participation research.Purpose/HypothesisThis study takes a macroscopic systems view of engineering enrollments to understand variation across one state's public high school rates of engineering matriculation.Design/MethodThis study uses a dataset from the Virginia Longitudinal Data System that includes all students who completed high school from a Virginia public school from 2007 to 2014 (N = 685,429). We explore geographic variation in four‐year undergraduate engineering enrollment as a function of gender, race/ethnicity, and economically disadvantaged status. Additionally, we investigate the relationship between characteristics of the high school and community contexts and undergraduate engineering enrollment across Virginia's high schools using regression analysis.ResultsOur findings illuminate inequality in enrollment in engineering programs at four‐year institutions across high schools by gender, race, and socioeconomic status (and the intersections among those demographics). Different high schools have different engineering enrollment rates among students who attend four‐year postsecondary institutions. We show strong associations between high schools' engineering enrollment rates and four‐year institution enrollment rates as well as moderate associations for high schools' community socioeconomic status.ConclusionsStrong systemic forces need to be overcome to broaden participation in engineering. We demonstrate the insights that state longitudinal data systems can illuminate in engineering education research.
The COVID‐19 BreastScreen Department – beyond the pandemic
Authors: Spuur Kelly Maree 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Australia forced a temporary closure of BreastScreen Australia services. Now reopened, the BreastScreen experience has been redefined for both staff and clients and the journey to the ‘new BreastScreen normal’ is continually evolving in response to the ongoing threat of COVID‐19 and government directives on health policy. Many changes mirror those undertaken in the wider community and emphasise wellness to attend, hygiene and social distancing. Importantly, radiographers have been identified as having a high‐risk role and have had to modify positioning techniques and cleaning regimes accordingly. Beyond the pandemic, the ‘new normal’ needs to be one which enables well women to continue screening with a visible sense of reassurance that all that can be done is being done to ensure the safe and continued early detection of breast cancer.
An audit of the quantity of immediate release oxycodone 5 mg tablets prescribed for discharge: an area for improved opioid stewardship?
Authors: Edmonds Michelle , Tynan Kristin , See Nicholas , Maunsell Trudy , Snoswell Centaine L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee (PBAC) recommended reduced pack sizes of oxycodone 5 mg immediate release (IR) tablets from 20 tablets per box to 10 in 2019. Queensland Health hospitals adopted this recommendation before full implementation of the PBAC requirement and restricted discharge and outpatient quantities to a maximum of 10 tablets. Examining prescribing trends in line with the altered PBAC prescribing quantities is an important component of Opioid Stewardship programs.AimTo review the current state of oxycodone 5 mg IR tablet quantity prescribing on discharge prior to the pack size changes.MethodA retrospective audit on a randomised cohort of every fifth patient discharged with a prescription for oxycodone 5 mg IR tablets was undertaken at a tertiary metropolitan hospital during July 2019. Quantity supplied was reviewed based on age, indication, length of stay and opioid taking status prior to admission.Results141 patients were audited, representing 19% of the eligible 730 patients. Patients were prescribed a mean quantity of 13.1 oxycodone 5 mg IR tablets. The lowest quantity prescribed was three tablets, and the largest was 20 tablets. 71 (50%) patients received 10 tablets on discharge, and 51 (26%) received 20 tablets. No statistically significant difference in the quantity of tablets prescribed was found between the patient sub‐categories examined.ConclusionFurther improvement to individualise opioid quantities on discharge is required. Consideration should be given to widen the scope of repeat audits to include a more patient‐centred approach to opioid prescribing follow up survey.
Rapid screening for hazelnut oil and high‐oleic sunflower oil in extra virgin olive oil using low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry and machine learning
Authors: Hou Xuewen , Wang Guangli , Wang Xin , Ge Xinmin , Fan Yiren , Jiang Rui , Nie Shengdong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDAs extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) has high commercial value, it is routinely adulterated with other oils. The present study investigated the feasibility of rapidly identifying adulterated EVOO using low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF‐NMR) relaxometry and machine learning approaches (decision tree, K‐nearest neighbor, linear discriminant analysis, support vector machines and convolutional neural network (CNN)).RESULTSLF‐NMR spectroscopy effectively distinguished pure EVOO from that which was adulterated with hazelnut oil (HO) and high‐oleic sunflower oil (HOSO). The applied CNN algorithm had an accuracy of 89.29%, a precision of 81.25% and a recall of 81.25%, and enabled the rapid (2 min) discrimination of pure EVOO that was adulterated with HO and HOSO in the volumetric ratio range of 10–100%.CONCLUSIONSLF‐NMR coupled with the CNN algorithm is a viable candidate for rapid EVOO authentication. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry