bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fostering collaborative teacher learning: A typology of school leadership
Authors: van Schaik Patrick , Volman Monique , Admiraal Wilfried , Schenke Wouter 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPrevious research indicates that supportive school leadership is a key condition of collaborative teacher learning. The purpose of this study was to develop a typology of how school leaders foster collaborative teacher learning. We adopted an integrative perspective on leadership by examining both learning‐centred leadership and distributed leadership practices that are supportive of collaborative teacher learning. Data were gathered by means of interviews with ten school leaders and a questionnaire that was completed by 39 teachers from six secondary schools in the Netherlands. The aim of the interviews was to identify to what extent school leaders applied learning‐centred leadership and distributed leadership practices. The questionnaire measured teachers' perceptions of the role of school leaders in teacher learning. As an outcome of this study, we constructed a typology that provides insights into how school leaders foster collaborative teacher learning. Four types of school leaders were distinguished: (a) integrators of teacher learning, (b) facilitators of teacher learning, (c) managers of teacher learning, and (d) managers of daily school practice. Our findings suggest that integration of learning‐centred leadership and distributed leadership practices can help school leaders to support collaborative teacher learning.
A literature review of school leadership policy reforms
Authors: Pont Beatriz 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis literature review aims to understand the factors that influence the adoption of school leadership policy reforms and whether there are some common trends that lead to policy changes in this area. The main question driving the study was the following: what are important reasons or contextual factors that have influenced the adoption of school leadership policy reforms? The analysis shows that there is an eclectic set of research that covers school leadership from different perspectives. Each tackle the question of school leadership reform adoption from different angles. A policy perspective associates school leadership reforms to contextual changes in relation to decentralisation, school autonomy, accountability or an increasing emphasis on education outcomes. School improvement perspectives acknowledge the key role of school leadership in education change. The research on school leadership impact has contributed to the adoption of school leadership reforms. The school leadership policy perspective shows that countries have introduced school leadership reforms, with practices varying by country and context. Some have been interpreted as a response to a new public management agenda or to the globalisation of education policies. Findings from this review indicate that whilst there is much research on school leadership, nevertheless, analysis and promotion of policies to support and strengthen school leader roles to support school improvement appears to have received less attention.
Endophyte infection influences arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi communities in rhizosphere soils of host as opposed to non‐host grass
Authors: Liu Hui , Wu Man , Liu Jinming , Gao Yubao , Ren Anzhi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEndophytes live asymptomatically within many cool‐season grasses for at least a portion of their life cycle. Although the leaf endophyte effects on the growth and stress resistance of host grasses have been relatively well studied, less attention has been focused on how this relationship may impact soil microbial communities, especially arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). We defined endophyte‐infected and endophyte‐free Leymus chinensis as the host grass and neighbouring Stipa krylovii, which was not infected by endophytes, as the non‐host grass. Our objective was to examine the effect of endophyte infection on the colonization rate and composition of AMF communities in both the rhizosphere and bulk soils of their host (L. chinensis) and a neighbouring non‐host (S. krylovii) by a consecutive 2‐year survey. We described AMF communities using high‐throughput DNA sequencing, quantified the proportion of root length colonized by AMF using microscopy, and estimated AMF biomass using a lipid biomarker. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was applied to disentangle the direct and indirect effects (mediated by multiple environmental factors) of an endophyte on AMF. We found that endophyte infection significantly increased colonization rates and rhizosphere soil biomass of AMF but had no significant effect on the bulk soil around the host grass. The endophyte increased the diversity of the rhizosphere soil AMF community by decreasing the abundance of the dominant species Glomus while increasing the abundance of some unidentified AMF. SEM showed that the endophyte effects on AMF biomass in rhizosphere soil were primarily mediated by soil total carbon, total nitrogen and pH. With respect to the non‐host grass, the endophyte infection of host grass did not change the colonization rates or AMF biomass in either the rhizosphere or bulk soil but did cause a shift in the rhizosphere soil AMF community composition, resulting in a decrease in the relative abundance of Septoglomus and an increase in the relative abundance of some unidentified AMF.Highlights
Effects of endophyte infection on AMF communities in both the rhizosphere and bulk soils were studied.
Endophyte effect was studied not only on the host but also on the non‐host grass.
Endophyte infection significantly increased colonization rates and rhizosphere soil biomass of AMF.
Endophyte effect on AMF biomass in rhizosphere soil was primarily mediated by soil physicochemical properties.
Structural basis for the function and inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase from Schistosoma mansoni
Authors: de Mori Renan M. , Aleixo Mariana A. A. , Zapata Luana C. C. , Calil Felipe A. , Emery Flávio S. , Nonato M. Cristina 
Published: May 2020

Schistosomiasis is a serious public health problem, prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas, especially in poor communities without access to safe drinking water and adequate sanitation. Transmission has been reported in 78 countries, and its control depends on a single drug, praziquantel, which has been used over the past 30 years. Our work is focused on exploiting target‐based drug discovery strategies to develop new therapeutics to treat schistosomiasis. In particular, we are interested in evaluating the enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) as a drug target. DHODH is a flavoenzyme that catalyzes the stereospecific oxidation of (S)‐dihydroorotate (DHO) to orotate during the fourth and only redox step of the de novo pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic pathway. Previously, we identified atovaquone, used in the treatment of malaria, and its analogues, as potent and selective inhibitors against Schistosoma mansoni DHODH (SmDHODH). In the present article, we report the first crystal structure of SmDHODH in complex with the atovaquone analogue inhibitor 2‐((4‐fluorophenyl)amino)‐3‐hydroxynaphthalene‐1,4‐dione (QLA). We discuss three major findings: (a) the open conformation of the active site loop and the unveiling of a novel transient druggable pocket for class 2 DHODHs; (b) the presence of a protuberant domain, only present in Schistosoma spp DHODHs, that was found to control and modulate the dynamics of the inhibitor binding site; (c) a detailed description of an unexpected binding mode for the atovaquone analogue to SmDHODH. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the catalytic mechanism performed by class 2 DHODHs and provide the molecular basis for structure‐guided design of SmDHODH inhibitors.DatabaseThe structural data are available in Protein Data Bank (PDB) database under the accession code number 6UY4.
Marine cyanobacteria tune energy transfer efficiency in their light‐harvesting antennae by modifying pigment coupling
Authors: Kolodny Yuval , Zer Hagit , Propper Mor , Yochelis Shira , Paltiel Yossi , Keren Nir 
Published: May 2020

Photosynthetic light harvesting is the first step in harnessing sunlight toward biological productivity. To operate efficiently under a broad and dynamic range of environmental conditions, organisms must tune the harvesting process according to the available irradiance. The marine cyanobacteria Synechococcus WH8102 species is well‐adapted to vertical mixing of the water column. By studying its responses to different light regimes, we identify a new photo‐acclimation strategy. Under low light, the phycobilisome (PBS) is bigger, with extended rods, increasing the absorption cross‐section. In contrast to what was reported in vascular plants and predicted by Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) calculations, these longer rods transfer energy faster than in the phycobilisomes of cells acclimated to a higher light intensity. Comparison of cultures grown under different blue light intensities, using fluorescence lifetime and emission spectra dependence on temperature at the range of 4–200 K in vivo, indicates that the improved transfer arises from enhanced energetic coupling between the antenna rods' pigments. We suggest two physical models according to which the enhanced coupling strength results either from additional coupled pathways formed by rearranging rod packing or from the coupling becoming non‐classical. In both cases, the energy transfer would be more efficient than standard one‐dimensional FRET process. These findings suggest that coupling control can be a major factor in photosynthetic antenna acclimation to different light conditions.
A breeding strategy to identify modifiers of high genetic risk for methamphetamine intake
Authors: Reed Cheryl , Stafford Alexandra M. , Mootz John R. K. , Baba Harue , Erk Jason , Phillips Tamara J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTrace amine‐associated receptor 1 (Taar1) impacts methamphetamine (MA) intake. A mutant allele (Taar1m1J) derived from the DBA/2J mouse strain codes for a non‐functional receptor, and Taar1m1J/m1J mice consume more MA than mice possessing the reference Taar1+ allele. To study the impact of this mutation in a genetically diverse population, heterogeneous stock‐collaborative cross (HS‐CC) mice, the product of an eight‐way cross of standard and wild‐derived strains, were tested for MA intake. HS‐CC had low MA intake, so an HS‐CC by DBA/2J strain F2 intercross was created to transfer the mutant allele onto the diverse background, and used for selective breeding. To study residual variation in MA intake existing in Taar1m1J/m1J mice, selective breeding for higher (MAH) vs lower (MAL) MA intake was initiated from Taar1m1J/m1J F2 individuals; a control line of Taar1+/+ individuals (MAC) was retained. The lines were also examined for MA‐induced locomotor and thermal responses, and fluid and tastant consumption. Taar1m1J/m1J F2 mice consumed significantly more MA than Taar1+/+ F2 mice. Response to selection was significant by generation 2 and there were corresponding differences in fluid consumed. Fluid consumption was not different in non‐MA drinking studies. Taar1m1J/m1J genotype (MAL or MAH vs MAC mice) was associated with heighted MA locomotor and reduced hypothermic responses. MAL mice exhibited greater sensitization than MAH mice, but the selected lines did not consistently differ for thermal or tastant phenotypes. Residual variation among high‐risk Taar1m1J/m1J mice appears to involve mechanisms associated with neuroadaptation to MA, but not sensitivity to hypothermic effects of MA.
Policy venue preference and relative trust in government in federal systems
Authors: Leland Suzanne , Chattopadhyay Jacqueline , Maestas Cherie , Piatak Jaclyn 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article defines a concept of relative trust—the gap between trust in different levels of government in a federalist system—and examines whether it influences public attitudes about which level of government holds authority in specific policy domains. While scholars have explored how trust in government affects political systems from a national perspective, little is known about how trust influences multitiered government systems in which public trust levels differ for national versus subnational governments. This article finds that greater relative trust in the state versus national level of government is associated with support for devolution in several policy areas where governing authority is shared: unemployment, health care, environmental policy, and food safety regulation. The implication is that relative trust shapes public preferences about policy centralization or decentralization and provides an individual‐level mechanism through which windows of opportunity open for changes in the allocation of policy authority.
Evaluation of the Allplex™ H pylori and ClariR PCR Assay for Helicobacter pylori detection on gastric biopsies
Authors: Jehanne Quentin , Bénéjat Lucie , Mégraud Francis , Bessède Emilie , Lehours Philippe 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection can be made by PCR on gastric biopsies. The objective of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the performance of the Allplex™ H pylori and ClariR PCR Assay (Seegene).Material and MethodsA collection of 180 DNA samples extracted from gastric biopsies was used in this study: 90 DNAs from H pylori‐negative patients and 90 from H pylori‐positive patients. The Allplex™ H pylori and ClariR Assay was performed on a CFX96™ real‐time PCR System and analyzed using the Seegene Viewer software. The real‐time PCR used as the reference was our in‐house H pylori PCR, and discrepant results were tested by the Amplidiag® H pylori + ClariR PCR (Mobidiag).ResultsThe performance of the Allplex™ H pylori and ClariR Assay showed 100% sensitivity, 97.6% specificity, 98% PPV, and 100% NPV. Regarding the detection of H pylori in the 90 expected negative samples, eight late amplifications were obtained (Ct > 39). Six of these eight samples were also positive using the Amplidiag® H pylori + ClariR kit and were therefore considered as true positives. For the two remaining cases, non‐pathological evidence of H pylori infection was found. H pylori was detected in all 90 positive samples. Compared with our in‐house H pylori PCR, all H pylori WT cases or mutated cases were correctly detected.ConclusionsThe Allplex™ H pylori and ClariR Assay showed an excellent performance and can be integrated into the armamentarium of diagnostic tests for H pylori infection. This kit has the advantage of differentiating the main mutations associated with macrolide resistance.
Epigenetic regulation of TLR2‐mediated periapical inflammation
Authors: Fernández A. , Veloso P. , Astorga J. , Rodríguez C. , Torres V.A. , Valdés M. , Garrido M. , Gebicke‐Haerter P.J. , Hernández M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimTo determine the methylation pattern of TLR2 gene promoter and its association with the transcriptional regulation of periapical inflammatory and angiogenic responses in symptomatic and asymptomatic forms of apical periodontitis.MethodologyIn this cross‐sectional study, apical lesions were obtained from volunteers with asymptomatic apical periodontitis (AAP) (n = 17) and symptomatic apical periodontitis (SAP) (n = 17) scheduled for tooth extraction, and both total RNA and DNA were extracted. DNA was bisulfite‐treated, a region of CpG island within the TLR2 gene was amplified by qPCR and the products were sequenced. Additionally, the mRNA expression of TLR2, TLR4, IL‐6, IL‐12, TNFalpha, IL‐23, IL‐10, TGFbeta, VEGFA and CDH5 was analysed by qPCR. The data were analysed with chi‐square tests, Mann–Whitney or unpaired t‐tests, and Spearman´s correlation; variable adjustments were performed using multiple linear regression (P < 0.05).ResultsTLR2 depicted a hypomethylated DNA profile at the CpG island in SAP when compared with AAP, along with upregulated expression of TLR2, with pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐6 and IL‐23, and the angiogenesis marker CDH5 (P < 0.05). TLR2 methylation percentage negatively correlated with mRNA levels of IL‐23 and CDH5 in apical periodontitis. Lower methylation frequencies of single CpG dinucleotides −8 and −10 localized in close proximity to nuclear factor κB (NFκB) binding within the TLR2 promoter were identified in SAP versus AAP (P < 0.05). Finally, unmethylated −10 and −8 single sites demonstrated up‐regulation of IL‐23, IL‐10 and CDH5 transcripts compared to their methylated counterparts (P < 0.05).ConclusionsTLR2 gene promoter hypomethylation was linked to transcriptional activity of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and angiogenic markers in exacerbated periapical inflammation. Moreover, unmethylated single sites in close proximity to NFκB binding were involved in active transcription of IL‐23, IL‐10 and CDH5.
Impact and production of Non‐HLA‐specific antibodies in solid organ transplantation
Authors: Zhang Xiaohai , Reinsmoen Nancy L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOrgan transplantation is an effective way to treat end‐stage organ disease. Extending the graft survival is one of the major goals in the modern era of organ transplantation. However, long‐term graft survival has not significantly improved in recent years despite the improvement of patient management and advancement of immunosuppression regimen. Antibody‐mediated rejection is a major obstacle for long‐term graft survival. Donor human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐specific antibodies were initially identified as a major cause for antibody‐mediated rejection. Recently, with the development of solid‐phase‐based assay reagents, the contribution of non‐HLA antibodies in organ transplantation starts to be appreciated. Here, we review the role of most studied non‐HLA antibodies, including angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), K‐α‐tubulin and vimentin antibodies, in the solid organ transplant, and discuss the possible mechanism by which these antibodies are stimulated.
Effectiveness of auricular point therapy for cancer‐related fatigue: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Han Qiong , Yang Liu , Huang Shuang‐Yan , Yeung Jerry W.F. , Chen Xiao‐Huan , Xue Hui , Xu Li‐Ping , Suen Lorna K. P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsTo systemically review the efficacy and safety of auricular point therapy in patients with cancer‐related fatigue.DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials.Data sourcesEight electronic databases (PubMed, CENTRAL, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, China Biology Medicine, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and WanFang Data Knowledge Service Platform) were explored for randomized controlled trials from their inception to 1 December 2018.Review methodsThe risk of bias assessment tool was adopted in accordance with Cochrane Handbook 5.3.0. All included studies reported the effects on cancer‐related fatigue as the primary outcome. Effect size was estimated using relative risk, standardized mean difference or mean difference with a corresponding 95% confidence interval. Review Manager 5.3 was used for meta‐analysis.ResultsSix studies comprising 394 patients were included. The results of meta‐analysis showed that auricular point therapy plus standard care produced more positive effects on cancer‐related fatigue and quality of life than standard care alone. It could significantly improve the role, emotional, cognitive, and social functions of patients with cancer‐related fatigue.ConclusionsAuricular point therapy may be a safe therapy to relieve cancer‐related fatigue and enhance the quality of life of patients with cancer. However, the evidence was inconclusive due to limitations on the quantity and quality of included studies. Rigorously designed randomized controlled trials should be conducted to verify the results.ImpactAuricular point therapy is a simple and safe therapeutic approach that may alleviate cancer‐related fatigue of common complications in patients with cancer and it is worth promoting in the community, family, and hospital. Moreover, the research findings can provide suggestions and inspiration for nurses and researchers to implement the proposal, which is conducive to design more rigorous and high‐quality randomized controlled trials.
Differentially expressed genes identified through RNA‐seq with extreme values of principal components for beef fatty acid in Nelore cattle
Authors: Olivieri Bianca Ferreira , Braz Camila Urbano , Brito Lopes Fernando , Peripolli Elisa , Medeiros de Oliveira Silva Rafael , Ruegger Pereira da Silva Corte Rosana , Albuquerque Lucia Galvão de , Pereira Angélica Simone Cravo , Stafuzza Nedenia Bonvino , Baldi Fernando 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes (DEG) in theLongissimus thoracismuscle of Nelore cattle related to fatty acid (FA) profile through RNA sequencing and principal component analysis (PCA). Two groups of 10 animals each were selected containing PC1 and PC2 extreme DEG values (HIGH × LOW) for each FA group. The intramuscular fat (IMF) was compared between cluster groups by ANOVA, and only the sum of monounsaturated FA (MUFA) and ω3 showed significant differences (p < .05). Interestingly, the highest percentage (95%) of phenotypic variation explained by the sum of the first two PC was observed for ω3, which also displayed the lowest number of DEG (n = 1). The lowest percentage (59%) was observed for MUFA, which also revealed the largest number of DEG (n = 66). Since only MUFA and ω3 exhibited significant differences between cluster groups, we can conclude that the differences observed for the remaining groups are not due to the percentage of IMF. Several genes that have been previously associated with meat quality and FA traits were identified as DEG in this study. The functional analysis revealed one KEGG pathway and eight GO terms as significant (p < .05), in which we highlighted the purine metabolism, glycolytic process, adenosine triphosphate binding and bone development. These results strongly contribute to the knowledge of the biological mechanisms involved in meat FA profile of Nelore cattle.