bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Performance Factors for a Multistage Falling Particle Receiver
Authors: Shaeffer Reid , Mills Brantley , Yue Lindsey , Ho Clifford K. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
An important factor identified for the efficiency of falling particle concentrating solar applications is the falling particle curtain opacity. Low curtain opacity results in increased radiative losses. Candidate multi-stage configurations that can increase particle-curtain opacity were simulated for the existing 1 MWth falling particle on-sun receiver at Sandia’s NSTTF. In the candidate configurations, falling particles were collected periodically in sloped troughs spanning the width of the receiver. A small lip at the front of each trough causes particles to accumulate, allowing subsequent particles to spill over. Particle surface boundary conditions were represented with an empirically based model created to approximate particle behavior observed in testing. Curtain opacity increased using a multi-stage approach and decreases in radiative losses were outweighed by decreases in advective losses which were the dominant loss mechanism. The ability to alter the flow of air within the receiver using multi-stage release resulted in the greatest efficiency gains by reducing advective losses. Additionally, multi-stage release substantially decreased back wall temperatures within receiver.
Nanostructure Fabrication in Oil Media for Enhanced Thermophysical Properties
Authors: Nayfeh Yousof , Rizvi Syed Muhammad Mujtaba , El Far Baha , Shin Donghyun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Recently, researchers have focused on molten-salt-based nanofluids, relying on their unique ability to form special fractallike nanostructures due to the interaction between molten salt ionic molecules and the nanoparticles. These nanostructures are thought to be causing the observed heat capacity enhancement. Thus far, this phenomenon was believed to be exclusive to molten salt nanofluids. In this study, the nanostructure observed in molten-salt-based nanofluids is mimicked, and similar fractallike nanostructures were formed in-situ in polyalphaolefin (PAO) oil as the base fluid by dispersing alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles (1% wt. concentration) in the PAO and adding hydroxyl-ended polymer (PPG) (1% wt. concentration) as surfactants to form “artificial” nanostructures by ionically bonding to the nanoparticle’s surface. The effect of these artificial nanostructures was studied to confirm that they affect the base fluid similar to the nanostructures formed in molten salt nanofluids. Results showed an increase of 4.86% in heat capacity, and a 42% increase in viscosity was measured at high shear rates, as well as a noticeable non-Newtonian rheological behavior at low shear rates. These results show that the nanostructure has formed and that the thermophysical and rheological properties of the oil have been affected as expected.
Guidelines for clinical trial protocols for interventions involving artificial intelligence: the SPIRIT-AI Extension
Authors: Rivera Samantha Cruz , Liu Xiaoxuan , Chan An-Wen , Denniston Alastair K , Calvert Melanie J 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe SPIRIT 2013 (The Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials) statement aims to improve the completeness of clinical trial protocol reporting, by providing evidence-based recommendations for the minimum set of items to be addressed. This guidance has been instrumental in promoting transparent evaluation of new interventions. More recently, there is a growing recognition that interventions involving artificial intelligence need to undergo rigorous, prospective evaluation to demonstrate their impact on health outcomes.The SPIRIT-AI extension is a new reporting guideline for clinical trials protocols evaluating interventions with an AI component. It was developed in parallel with its companion statement for trial reports: CONSORT-AI. Both guidelines were developed using a staged consensus process, involving a literature review and expert consultation to generate 26 candidate items, which were consulted on by an international multi-stakeholder group in a 2-stage Delphi survey (103 stakeholders), agreed on in a consensus meeting (31 stakeholders) and refined through a checklist pilot (34 participants).The SPIRIT-AI extension includes 15 new items, which were considered sufficiently important for clinical trial protocols of AI interventions. These new items should be routinely reported in addition to the core SPIRIT 2013 items. SPIRIT-AI recommends that investigators provide clear descriptions of the AI intervention, including instructions and skills required for use, the setting in which the AI intervention will be integrated, considerations around the handling of input and output data, the human-AI interaction and analysis of error cases.SPIRIT-AI will help promote transparency and completeness for clinical trial protocols for AI interventions. Its use will assist editors and peer-reviewers, as well as the general readership, to understand, interpret and critically appraise the design and risk of bias for a planned clinical trial.
TREM-2 defends the liver against hepatocellular carcinoma through multifactorial protective mechanisms
Authors: Esparza-Baquer Aitor , Labiano Ibone , Sharif Omar , Agirre-Lizaso Aloña , Oakley Fiona , Rodrigues Pedro M , Zhuravleva Ekaterina , O'Rourke Colm J , Hijona Elizabeth , Jimenez-Agüero Raul , Riaño Ioana , Landa Ana , La Casta Adelaida , Zaki Marco Y W , Munoz-Garrido Patricia , Azkargorta Mikel , Elortza Felix , Vogel Andrea , Schabbauer Gernot , Aspichueta Patricia , Andersen Jesper B , Knapp Sylvia , Mann Derek A , Bujanda Luis , Banales Jesus Maria , Perugorria Maria Jesus 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent and aggressive cancer usually arising on a background of chronic liver injury involving inflammatory and hepatic regenerative processes. The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM-2) is predominantly expressed in hepatic non-parenchymal cells and inhibits Toll-like receptor signalling, protecting the liver from various hepatotoxic injuries, yet its role in liver cancer is poorly defined. Here, we investigated the impact of TREM-2 on liver regeneration and hepatocarcinogenesis.DesignTREM-2 expression was analysed in liver tissues of two independent cohorts of patients with HCC and compared with control liver samples. Experimental HCC and liver regeneration models in wild type andTrem-2-/-mice, andin vitrostudies with hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and HCC spheroids were conducted.ResultsTREM-2expression was upregulated in human HCC tissue, in mouse models of liver regeneration and HCC.Trem-2-/-mice developed more liver tumours irrespective of size after diethylnitrosamine (DEN) administration, displayed exacerbated liver damage, inflammation, oxidative stress and hepatocyte proliferation. Administering an antioxidant diet blocked DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in both genotypes. Similarly,Trem-2-/-animals developed more and larger tumours in fibrosis-associated HCC models.Trem-2-/-livers showed increased hepatocyte proliferation and inflammation after partial hepatectomy. Conditioned media from human HSCs overexpressing TREM-2 inhibited human HCC spheroid growthin vitrothrough attenuated Wnt ligand secretion.ConclusionTREM-2 plays a protective role in hepatocarcinogenesis via different pleiotropic effects, suggesting that TREM-2 agonism should be investigated as it might beneficially impact HCC pathogenesis in a multifactorial manner.
Maternal mild thyroid dysfunction and offspring cognitive and motor development from infancy to childhood: the Rhea mother–child cohort study in Crete, Greece
Authors: Kampouri Mariza , Margetaki Katerina , Koutra Katerina , Kyriklaki Andriani , Karakosta Polyxeni , Anousaki Despoina , Chalkiadaki Georgia , Vafeiadi Marina , Kogevinas Manolis , Chatzi Leda 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundMaternal thyroid hormones’ supply is crucial for fetal neurodevelopment; however, the role of maternal mild thyroid dysfunction is not clear. We aimed to assess the association of maternal mild thyroid dysfunction with child neuropsychological development from infancy to early childhood.MethodsWe included 757 mother–child pairs from the prospective ‘Rhea’ cohort on Crete, Greece. Maternal thyroid functioning was assessed by quantitative analysis of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, thyroid peroxidase antibodies and thyroglobulin antibodies at early gestation (mean=14 weeks). Neuropsychological assessment was based on Bayley Scales of Infant Development (18 months of age), McCarthy Scales of Children’s Abilities (4 years of age), Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices, Trail Making Test and Finger Tapping Test (6 years of age).ResultsIn multivariate adjusted linear regression analyses, maternal hypothyroxinemia was associated with decreased verbal scores at 4 years and reduced motor speed at 6 years of age. Maternal thyroid autoimmunity was associated with decreased child perceptual and motor ability at 4 years of age. Four trajectories of longitudinal non-verbal cognitive development were identified and children exposed to maternal thyroid autoimmunity had increased risk for belonging to an adverse trajectory (‘low’: adjusted relative risk ratio (RRR) = 2.7 95% CI: (1.4, 5.2), ‘high-decreasing’: adjusted RRR = 2.2 95% CI: (1.2, 4.0), ‘low-increasing’: adjusted RRR = 1.8 95% CI: (1.0, 3.2)).ConclusionMaternal hypothyroxinemia is associated with reduced offspring verbal and motor ability. Maternal thyroid autoimmunity is associated with decreased offspring perceptual performance and motor ability and increased risk for adverse non-verbal cognitive development from infancy to childhood.
Clinical outcomes following balloon aortic valvuloplasty
Authors: Bularga Anda , Bing Rong , Shah Anoop SV , Adamson Philip D , Behan Miles , Newby David E , Flapan Andrew , Uren Neal , Cruden Nick 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundBalloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) remains a treatment option for the selected patients with severe aortic stenosis. We examined clinical outcomes and predictors of prognosis in patients undergoing BAV for severe aortic stenosis.MethodsWe identified all patients undergoing BAV from January 2010 to March 2018 (n=167) at a single transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) centre. Patient demographics, investigations, subsequent interventions and clinical outcomes were obtained from electronic health records.ResultsPatients undergoing BAV were elderly (median age 80, IQR 73–86 years) and half (n=87, 52%) were male. All-cause mortality at 30 days and 12 months was 11% and 43%, respectively. Reduce ejection fraction (EF 30%–50%: HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.94; EF <30%: HR 1.90, 95% CI 1.12 to 3.20) was the only independent predictor at baseline of overall mortality. Median survival was 212 (IQR 54–490) days from the index procedure. Mortality at 1 year was lowest in patients who subsequently underwent TAVI or SAVR but high among those who had no further interventions or those who had a repeat BAV (14%, 19%, 60%, 89% respectively, log-rank p<0.001).ConclusionBAV as a bridge to definitive aortic valve intervention in carefully selected patients offers acceptable outcomes. These contemporary observational findings demonstrate the ongoing potential utility of BAV in the TAVI era.
Abstract P072: Hypertensive Emergency Presenting With Intraventricular Hemorrhage
Authors: Kaplan Jason G , Kanwal Arjun , Bykowski Adam , Berquist John , Mirocke Andrew , Dickey John Q 
Published: September 2020

A 34-year-old African American female with a past medical history of hypertension and medical noncompliance presented to the emergency department after being found down and unresponsive by her son. On presentation, the patient's blood pressure was found to be 298/194 with a Glasgow coma score of 4, with decerebrate posturing. The computed tomography of the head showed large acute intraventricular hemorrhage in the right lateral ventricle extending along the frontal horn into the left lateral ventricle, third and fourth ventricles, causing a 4 mm leftward shift. The patient was managed with a Nicardipine drip and underwent a bilateral ventriculostomy placement, which improved the patient's neurologic status. Following a 24 day hospital stay, the patient was alert and oriented without any significant neurologic deficits and discharged to a subacute rehab facility.
Hypertension is one of the most common medical conditions affecting 50 million people in the United States and approximately 1 billion people worldwide. Approximately 1% of patients with hypertension will have a hypertensive emergency at some point in their life. The clinical manifestations of hypertensive emergencies are seen with organ dysfunction, which typically require diastolic blood pressures greater than 130mmHg, in nonpregnant adults. A severe outcome of hypertensive emergency is an intracerebral hemorrhage. In these patients, when the bleed extends into the ventricles, the mortality ranges from 50-80%.
One study examined medical compliance in hypertensive patients, which showed approximately 40% of patients discontinued treatment one year after initiation of their antihypertensive medication and 4% never initiated therapy. This case illustrates the importance of compliance in hypertensive patients, as well as the dramatic ramifications that can occur with uncontrolled hypertension leading to hypertensive emergency.
Abstract P235: The Additive Genetic Association of Beta-2 Adrenergic Receptor and Serum-and-Glucocorticoid-Inducible Kinase 1 on Salt-Sensitive Hypertension
Authors: Yuan Yan Emily , Haas Andrea V , Yee Li En , Wong Yinhan , Williams Jonathan S , Adler Gail K , Williams Gordon H 
Published: September 2020

Salt sensitivity of blood pressure (SSBP) is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity. A diplotype on the beta 2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) gene (rs1042713, rs1042714)—associated with increased aldosterone (ALDO)—and a polymorphism in the serum-and-glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) gene (rs2758151)—an ALDO target that increases sodium reabsorption—are each associated with SSBP. We hypothesized that SSBP will be increased in homozygotes for both β2AR and SGK1 (Combo) when compared to non-risk homozygotes and homozygotes in either gene alone.
The HyperPATH database includes individuals who completed 7 days of both restricted and liberal sodium diets to determine systolic SSBP. We conducted a gene association study in 329 individuals: 42 were homozygotes for Combo; 242 were homozygotes for β2AR or SGK1; and 45 were non-carriers.
Multivariate regression analyses (adjusted for age, sex, BMI, race, hypertension) found a significantly higher SSBP in the Combo homozygotes when compared to non-carriers and homozygotes for either β2AR or SGK1(p<0.001, 95% CI: 2.35, 7.56) (Figure 1). Serum ALDO levels were higher in Combo homozygotes than in the other groups (p=0.035, CI: 0.069,1.87). Additionally, analyses of either gene alone with SSBP (β2AR: p=0.056, CI: -0.038, 2.89; SGK1: p=0.003, CI: 0.87, 4.35) was less than what was observed in the Combo. In sum, Combo homozygotes for SGK1 and β2AR substantially increased the level of SSBP compared to that observed in risk allele homozygotes in each gene alone. Thus, hypertensive Combo homozygotes are likely candidates for mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist therapy—gene driven, personalized medicine.
Figure 1.
The Southern Hemisphere Midlatitude Circulation Response to Rapid Adjustments and Sea Surface Temperature Driven Feedbacks
Authors: Wood T. , Maycock A. C. , Forster P. M. , Richardson T. B. , Andrews T. , Boucher O. , Myhre G. , Samset B. H. , Kirkevåg A. , Lamarque J.-F. , Mülmenstädt J. , Olivié D. , Takemura T. , Watson-Parris D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRapid adjustments—the response of meteorology to external forcing while sea surface temperatures (SST) and sea ice are held fixed—can affect the midlatitude circulation and contribute to long-term forced circulation responses in climate simulations. This study examines rapid adjustments in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) circulation using nine models from the Precipitation Driver and Response Model Intercomparison Project (PDRMIP), which perform fixed SST and coupled ocean experiments for five perturbations: a doubling of carbon dioxide (2xCO2), a tripling of methane (3xCH4), a fivefold increase in sulfate aerosol (5xSO4), a tenfold increase in black carbon aerosol (10xBC), and a 2% increase in solar constant (2%Sol). In the coupled experiments, the SH eddy-driven jet shifts poleward and strengthens for forcings that produce global warming (and vice versa for 5xSO4), with the strongest response found in austral summer. In austral winter, the responses project more strongly onto a change in jet strength. For 10xBC, which induces strong shortwave absorption, the multimodel mean (MMM) rapid adjustment in DJF jet latitude is ~75% of the change in the coupled simulations. For the other forcings, which induce larger SST changes, the effect of SST-mediated feedbacks on the SH circulation is larger than the rapid adjustment. Nevertheless, for these perturbations the magnitude of the MMM jet shift due to the rapid adjustment is still around 20%–30% of that in the coupled experiments. The results demonstrate the need to understand the mechanisms for rapid adjustments in the midlatitude circulation, in addition to the effect of changing SSTs.
Delusional content at initial presentation to a catchment-based early intervention service for psychosis
Authors: Lemonde Ann-Catherine , Joober Ridha , Malla Ashok , Iyer Srividya N. , Lepage Martin , Boksa Patricia , Shah Jai L. 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundDuring a psychotic episode, patients frequently suffer from severe maladaptive beliefs known as delusions. Despite the abundant literature investigating the simple presence or absence of these beliefs, there exists little detailed knowledge regarding their actual content and severity at the onset of illness.AimsThis study reports on delusions during the initiation of indicated treatment for first-episode psychosis (FEP).MethodData were systematically collected from a sample of 636 patients entering a catchment-based early intervention service for FEP. The average severity and frequency of each delusional theme at baseline was reported with the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms. Delusional severity (globally and per theme) was examined across a number of sociodemographic and clinical variables.ResultsDelusions were present in the vast majority of individuals experiencing onset of FEP (94%), with persecutory (77.7%) being the most common theme. Persecutory delusions remained consistent in severity across diagnoses, but were more severe with older age at onset of FEP. No meaningful differences in delusional severity were observed across gender, affective versus non-affective psychosis, or presence/absence of substance use disorder. Globally, delusion severity was associated with anxiety, but not depression. Delusions commonly referred to as passivity experiences were related to hallucinatory experiences.ConclusionsThis community sample offers a rare clinical lens into the severity and content of delusions in FEP. Although delusional severity was consistent across certain sociodemographic and clinical variables, this was not always the case. Future research should now consider the course of delusion themes over time.
Age Dependency of the Prognostic Impact of Tumor Genomics in Localized Resectable MYCN-Nonamplified Neuroblastomas. Report From the SIOPEN Biology Group on the LNESG Trials and a COG Validation Group
Authors: Ambros Inge M. , Tonini Gian-Paolo , Pötschger Ulrike , Gross Nicole , Mosseri Véronique , Beiske Klaus , Berbegall Ana P. , Bénard Jean , Bown Nick , Caron Huib , Combaret Valérie , Couturier Jerome , Defferrari Raffaella , Delattre Olivier , Jeison Marta , Kogner Per , Lunec John , Marques Barbara , Martinsson Tommy , Mazzocco Katia , Noguera Rosa , Schleiermacher Gudrun , Valent Alexander , Van Roy Nadine , Villamon Eva , Janousek Dasa , Pribill Ingrid , Glogova Evgenia , Attiyeh Edward F. , Hogarty Michael D. , Monclair Tom F. , Holmes Keith , Valteau-Couanet Dominique , Castel Victoria , Tweddle Deborah A. , Park Julie R. , Cohn Sue , Ladenstein Ruth , Beck-Popovic Maja , De Bernardi Bruno , Michon Jean , Pearson Andrew D. J. , Ambros Peter F. 
Published: September 2020

PURPOSE For localized, resectable neuroblastoma without MYCN amplification, surgery only is recommended even if incomplete. However, it is not known whether the genomic background of these tumors may influence outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS Diagnostic samples were obtained from 317 tumors, International Neuroblastoma Staging System stages 1/2A/2B, from 3 cohorts: Localized Neuroblastoma European Study Group I/II and Children’s Oncology Group. Genomic data were analyzed using multi- and pangenomic techniques and fluorescence in-situ hybridization in 2 age groups (cutoff age, 18 months) and were quality controlled by the International Society of Pediatric Oncology European Neuroblastoma (SIOPEN) Biology Group. RESULTS Patients with stage 1 tumors had an excellent outcome (5-year event-free survival [EFS] ± standard deviation [SD], 95% ± 2%; 5-year overall survival [OS], 99% ± 1%). In contrast, patients with stage 2 tumors had a reduced EFS in both age groups (5-year EFS ± SD, 84% ± 3% in patients < 18 months of age and 75% ± 7% in patients ≥ 18 months of age). However, OS was significantly decreased only in the latter group (5-year OS ± SD in < 18months and ≥ 18months, 96% ± 2% and 81% ± 7%, respectively; P = .001). In < 18months, relapses occurred independent of segmental chromosome aberrations (SCAs); only 1p loss decreased EFS (5-year EFS ± SD in patients 1p loss and no 1p loss, 62% ± 13% and 87% ± 3%, respectively; P = .019) but not OS (5-year OS ± SD, 92% ± 8% and 97% ± 2%, respectively). In patients ≥ 18 months, only SCAs led to relapse and death, with 11q loss as the strongest marker (11q loss and no 11q loss: 5-year EFS ± SD, 48% ± 16% and 85% ± 7%, P = .033; 5-year OS ± SD, 46% ± 22% and 92% ± 6%, P = .038). CONCLUSION Genomic aberrations of resectable non– MYCN-amplified stage 2 neuroblastomas have a distinct age-dependent prognostic impact. Chromosome 1p loss is a risk factor for relapse but not for diminished OS in patients < 18 months, SCAs (especially 11q loss) are risk factors for reduced EFS and OS in those > 18months. In older patients with SCA, a randomized trial of postoperative chemotherapy compared with observation alone may be indicated.