bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Placental maternally expressed gene 3 differentially methylated region methylation profile is associated with maternal glucose concentration and newborn birthweight
Authors: Chen Cheng , Jiang Ying , Yan Ting , Chen Yuan , Yang Mengmeng , Lv Min , Xi Fangfang , Lu Juefei , Zhao Baihui , Luo Qiong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionEmerging evidence shows that epigenetic modifications occurring during fetal development in response to intrauterine exposures could be one of the mechanisms involved in the early determinants of adult metabolic disorders. This study aimed to investigate whether the placental maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation profile is associated with maternal gestational diabetes mellitus status and newborn birthweight.Materials and MethodsSamples for measurement were collected from 23 women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 23 healthy controls. MEG3 gene expression and DNA methylation levels were assessed using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and MethylTargetTM, respectively. Pearson correlation analyses were used to examine associations between placental DNA methylation levels and clinical variables of interest. The associated results were adjusted by multivariate linear regression for maternal age, body mass index, height, gestational age and newborn sex as confounders.ResultsWe found that the DNA methylation levels in the MEG3 differentially methylated region were significantly different between the gestational diabetes mellitus and control groups on the maternal side of the placenta (40.64 ± 2.15 vs 38.33 ± 2.92; P = 0.004). Furthermore, the mean MEG3 DNA methylation levels were correlated positively with maternal fasting glucose concentrations (R = 0.603, P < 0.001) and newborn birthweight (R = 0.568, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe placental DNA methylation status in the MEG3 differentially methylated region was correlated with maternal glucose concentrations and newborn birthweight. These epigenetic adaptations might contribute to late‐onset obesity, underlining the adverse intrauterine environment.
Development, behaviour and sensory processing in Marshall–Smith syndrome and Malan syndrome: phenotype comparison in two related syndromes
Authors: Mulder P. A. , van Balkom I. D. C. , Landlust A. M. , Priolo M. , Menke L. A. , Acero I. H. , Alkuraya F. S. , Arias P. , Bernardini L. , Bijlsma E. K. , Cole T. , Coubes C. , Dapia I. , Davies S. , Di Donato N. , Elcioglu N. H. , Fahrner J. A. , Foster A. , González N. G. , Huber I. , Iascone M. , Kaiser A.‐S. , Kamath A. , Kooblall K. , Lapunzina P. , Liebelt J. , Lynch S. A. , Maas S. M. , Mammì C. , Mathijssen I. B. , McKee S. , Mirzaa G. M. , Montgomery T. , Neubauer D. , Neumann T. E. , Pintomalli L. , Pisanti M. A. , Plomp A. S. , Price S. , Salter C. , Santos‐Simarro F. , Sarda P. , Schanze D. , Segovia M. , Shaw‐Smith C. , Smithson S. , Suri M. , Tatton‐Brown K. , Tenorio J. , Thakker R. V. , Valdez R. M. , Van Haeringen A. , Van Hagen J. M. , Zenker M. , Zollino M. , Dunn W. W. , Piening S. , Hennekam R. C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundUltrarare Marshall–Smith and Malan syndromes, caused by changes of the gene nuclear factor I X (NFIX), are characterised by intellectual disability (ID) and behavioural problems, although questions remain. Here, development and behaviour are studied and compared in a cross‐sectional study, and results are presented with genetic findings.MethodsBehavioural phenotypes are compared of eight individuals with Marshall‐Smith syndrome (three male individuals) and seven with Malan syndrome (four male individuals). Long‐term follow‐up assessment of cognition and adaptive behaviour was possible in three individuals with Marshall–Smith syndrome.ResultsMarshall–Smith syndrome individuals have more severe ID, less adaptive behaviour, more impaired speech and less reciprocal interaction compared with individuals with Malan syndrome. Sensory processing difficulties occur in both syndromes. Follow‐up measurement of cognition and adaptive behaviour in Marshall–Smith syndrome shows different individual learning curves over time.ConclusionsResults show significant between and within syndrome variability. Different NFIX variants underlie distinct clinical phenotypes leading to separate entities. Cognitive, adaptive and sensory impairments are common in both syndromes and increase the risk of challenging behaviour. This study highlights the value of considering behaviour within developmental and environmental context. To improve quality of life, adaptations to environment and treatment are suggested to create a better person‐environment fit.
Family monetary incentives as a value‐based care model for oral hygiene: rationale and design of the BEhavioral EConomics for Oral health iNnovation (BEECON) trial
Authors: Ramos‐Gomez Francisco , White Justin S. , Lindau Helen E. , Lin Tracy K. , Finlayson Tracy L. , Liu Jenny X. , Gansky Stuart A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundEffective prevention‐focused, value‐based strategies are needed to improve oral health. Despite evidence that monetary incentives can motivate healthy behavior, well‐powered studies have yet to examine incentives for improving children's oral hygiene.AimDescribe the rationale and design of the BEhavioral EConomics for Oral health iNnovation (BEECON) trial, which tests lottery‐based monetary incentives as a consumer‐oriented, value‐based care model for improving children's oral hygiene.DesignPhase II, stratified, permuted block randomized, controlled, two‐arm, parallel groups, prevention trial.SettingStudy visits occur at three Los Angeles, CA health clinics.ParticipantsTwo hundred and forty‐four parent‐child dyads with a child aged 6‐48 months.InterventionsEligible dyads were randomized in equal allocation to one of two groups: lottery incentive group or waitlist (delayed incentive) control group. Weekly lottery incentives were offered for 6 months based on Bluetooth‐recorded toothbrushing frequency. Both groups received weekly text message feedback on toothbrushing performance.OutcomesThe primary outcome was toothbrushing performance from baseline to 6 months, measured as the mean number of qualifying half‐day Bluetooth‐recorded episodes per week when the child's teeth were brushed. Secondary outcomes included toothbrushing performance sustainability through 12 months and dental caries status.ConclusionsBEECON offers a consumer‐oriented approach to promoting value‐based oral health care. We hypothesize that lottery‐based incentives can improve oral hygiene in young children. Study results will inform programming efforts to enhance oral disease prevention in young children.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03576326.
Classification of portosystemic shunts entering the caudal vena cava at the omental foramen in dogs
Authors: White R. N. , Warren‐Smith C. , Shales C. , Parry A. T. 
Published: October 2020

STRUCTURED SUMMARYObjectiveTo re‐evaluate the anatomy and classification of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts entering the caudal vena cava at the level of the omental foramen.Material and MethodsA retrospective review of a consecutive series of dogs undergoing CT angiography as part of the diagnostic work‐up for a congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt.ResultsIn total, 53 dogs met the inclusion criteria revealing four anatomically distinct omental foramen shunt types; one of which (32 of 53 dogs) showed no shunting blood flow through the right gastric vein and three of which (21 of 53 dogs) involved shunting flow through this vessel. The anatomy of these four distinct shunt types, as defined by CT angiography, was found to be highly consistent. In all cases, regardless of the tributary vessels, the left gastric vein was the final vessel that communicated with the caudal vena cava. Using these findings, a more accurate naming classification for congenital portosystemic shunts entering the caudal vena cava at the level of the omental foramen was proposed.Clinical SignificanceA precise pre‐treatment anatomical classification of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts entering the caudal vena cava at the level of the omental foramen is important for a more complete understanding of the severity of clinical signs and prognosis, and for the better communication between clinicians and researchers in this clinical field.
Isopentylamine is a novel defence compound induced by insect feeding in rice
Authors: Aboshi Takako , Iitsuka Chiaki , Galis Ivan , Teraishi Masayoshi , Kamo Marina , Nishimura Ayami , Ishihara Atsushi , Mori Naoki , Murayama Tetsuya 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPlants produce a broad variety of defensive metabolites to protect themselves against herbivorous insects. Although polyamines have been implicated in various responses to abiotic and biotic stress, there have been no studies focused on amines in response to insect herbivory. By screening for bioactive amines, we identified isopentylamine as a novel type of herbivory‐induced compound in rice leaves, which was derived from the amino acid leucine in stable isotope labelling experiments. Accumulation of isopentylamine increased during herbivory by the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens, BPH) and the rice‐feeding armyworm (Mythimna loreyi), as well as in response to treatment with the plant hormone, jasmonic acid. Likewise, isopentylamine accumulation was compromised in rice jasmonate biosynthesis mutants, hebiba and Osjar1. In bio‐assays, BPH insects feeding on rice seedlings submerged in 50 mg/L isopentylamine solution had a higher mortality compared with BPH feeding on seedlings submerged in water. Notably, the rice leaves submerged in 50 mg/L solution showed the endogenous concentrations of isopentylamine similar to that induced by BPHs. These results suggest that isopentylamine functions as a new type of plant defence metabolite that is rapidly induced by herbivore attack and deters insect herbivores in rice.
Effects of 24‐epibrassinolide on plant growth, antioxidants defense system, and endogenous hormones in two wheat varieties under drought stress
Authors: Khan Imran , Awan Samrah Afzal , Ikram Rizwana , Rizwan Muhammad , Akhtar Nosheen , Yasmin Humaira , Sayyed Riyaz Z. , Ali Shafaqat , Ilyas Noshin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDrought stress is a major limitation in enhancing agricultural productivity to fulfill the food demand for the world's population. Fertigation of plants with a variety of biochemicals is being used to create drought resistance in wheat; however, the previous work has been limited in addressing these issues in plants at different growth stages. Therefore, a greenhouse study was conducted to ameliorate the drought stress in two wheat varieties (Chakwal‐50 and Faisalabad‐2008) by foliar application of 24‐epibrassinolide (EBL). It was evident that drought stress had a negative effect on the growth, photosynthesis, and yield of wheat plants. EBL significantly enhanced the plant growth both under optimal and drought conditions. EBL improved the plant height, spike length, and the dry weights of roots, shoots, and grains as compared to control. Furthermore, the foliar application of EBL positively enhanced the osmolyte accumulation, increased the amounts of photosynthetic pigments, and improved the gas exchange parameters. The EBL minimized the oxidative stress by reducing electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide contents whereas it enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase under drought stress. The EBL significantly improved the level of stress hormones, such as abscisic acid, indol acetic acid, and cytokinin under drought stress. The growth response of Chakwal‐50 was higher than that of Faisalabad‐2008 when exposed to EBL under drought stress. Overall, the EBL plays a major role in the enhancement of growth, biomass, yield, and decrease in oxidative damage in wheat under drought conditions, however; field investigations with different doses of EBL are needed before any further recommendation.
Late Mesozoic Paleo-Pacific Plate “scissors-like” subduction: Insight from the magmatism in the Gan-Hang Belt, Southeast China
Authors: Boran Liu , Xilin Zhao , Shengyao Yu , Yang Jiang , Jianren Mao , Mincheng Xu , Zilong Li 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Though it is widely accepted that the Paleo-Pacific Plate has a subducted beneath the eastern Asian continent, controversy still exists regarding the initial timing and geodynamic model of the subduction. In this contribution, we report new geochronology and geochemical data of granitic plutons within the Gan-Hang Belt in Southeast China. The Damaoshan pluton yields zircon U-Pb ages of 139.60 ± 0.69 Ma and 133.90 ± 1.70 Ma, and the Qianshan and Fenglonggu plutons are dated at 135.70 ± 1.30 Ma and 135.33 ± 0.93 Ma, respectively. The Hecun and Huangtuling plutons yield ages of 157.85 ± 0.77 Ma and 167.10 ± 7.50 Ma, respectively. The Damaoshan pluton has an obvious A-type geochemical signature in terms of major and trace element compositions, such as high K2O + Na2O contents (average 8.46 wt%) and FeOT/MgO ratios (average 10.29). The low CaO/Na2O ratios but high Al2O3/TiO2 (average is 110.05), Rb/Ba (average is 9.14), and Rb/Sr (average is 22.53) ratios indicate a derivation from pelite-derived melt. Meanwhile, we also studied the Mesozoic adakites related to magmatic ore formed during a compressive tectonic setting as well as the later bimodal dikes and A-type granitic plutons formed during the extensional tectonic setting in the Gan-Hang Belt. The multiphase qualitative plutons with geochemical characteristics of the adakitic and island arc types (175–150 Ma) related to the northwestward subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate, several bimodal dikes, and A-type granitic plutons (135–123 Ma) related to the subducted slab roll-back are found within the Gan-Hang Belt. All of these plutons show a decreasing trend of isotopic ages from the inland area to the coast, from SW to NE. We propose that the distribution pattern of these plutons in Southeast China was controlled by a scissors-like subduction and slab roll-back of the Paleo-Pacific Plate, which occurred roughly from SW to NE along the continental margin approximately during the Middle Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous.
Maternal healthcare coverage for first pregnancies in adolescent girls: a systematic comparison with adult mothers in household surveys across 105 countries, 2000–2019
Authors: Li Zhihui , Patton George , Sabet Farnaz , Subramanian SV , Lu Chunling 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundEffective maternal service delivery for adolescent mothers is essential in achieving the targets for maternal mortality under the Sustainable Development Goals. Yet little is known about levels of maternal service coverage in adolescents compared with adult mothers.MethodWe used data from 283 Demographic and Health Surveys or Multiple Cluster Indicator Surveys for 105 countries between 2000 and 2019 to estimate the levels and trends of inequality in coverage of five maternal health services between adolescent girls (aged 15–19) and adult mothers (aged 20–34), including receiving four or more antenatal care visits, delivering with skilled birth attendants and receiving a postnatal check-up within 24 hours of delivery.ResultsWe analysed data from 0.9 million adolescent girls and 2.4 million adult mothers. Using the most recent data, we found adolescent girls had poorer coverage across all indicators, with receipt of four or more antenatal care visits 6.5 (95% CI 6.3 to 6.7) percentage points lower than adult mothers, delivery with skilled birth attendants 3.6 (95% CI 3.4 to 3.8) lower and having a postnatal check-up within 24 hours of delivery 3.2 (95% CI 2.8 to 3.6) lower. The coverage was 54.2% (95% CI 53.9 to 54.5) among adolescents for four or more antenatal care visits, 69.7% (95% CI 69.4 to 70.0) for delivery with skilled birth attendants and only 30.0% (95% CI 29.3 to 30.7) for receiving a postnatal check-up within 24 hours of delivery. Country-specific coverage of the maternal services increased over time in most countries, but age-related differences persisted and even worsened in some, particularly in the Western Pacific (eg, Vietnam, Lao, Cambodia and Philippines).ConclusionEven though their pregnancies are of higher risk, adolescent girls continue to lag behind adult mothers in maternal service coverage, suggesting a need for age-appropriate strategies to engage adolescents in maternal care.
Preparing children for climate-related disasters
Authors: Seddighi Hamed , Yousefzadeh Sepideh , López López Mónica , Sajjadi Homeira 
Published: October 2020

Climate-related disasters affect different dimensions of children’s health and well-being both directly and indirectly. Reducing children’s vulnerability and exposure to climate-related disasters is crucial to protect them against risks. Children as climate-change agents and future leaders at local, national and international level can obviously contribute to reduce vulnerabilities in families and communities and transfer knowledge to them. Moreover, children can advocate for climate change mitigation. In the long term, participation of children in the climate change mitigation programmes may lead to fewer disasters and, consequently, less risk to their health.As government policies have failed to fully address and respond to the drivers of climate-related disasters, disasters preparedness and education for children should be considered an essential activity to protect children from disaster’s risks.Main factors in shaping children’s behaviour and response to disaster are increasing the risk perception and knowledge of the children. When a child perceived likelihood, susceptibility and severity of a disaster (such as earthquake), then they would be able and willing to learn how to prepare for that.So far, disaster education programmes for children have mostly relied on offline school-based training. Different innovative approaches can be applied to continue education within online and digital formats including virtual reality, digital games and online platforms. However, an advocacy support by influential entities such as companies engaged in entertainment industry is required to raise the awareness of public and particularly the children about disaster preparedness.
Normal values and regional differences in oesophageal impedance-pH metrics: a consensus analysis of impedance-pH studies from around the world
Authors: Sifrim Daniel , Roman Sabine , Savarino Edoardo , Bor Serhat , Bredenoord Albert J , Castell Donald , Cicala Michele , de Bortoli Nicola , Frazzoni Marzio , Gonlachanvit Sutep , Iwakiri Katsuhiko , Kawamura Osamu , Krarup Anne , Lee Yeong Yeh , Soon Ngiu Chai , Ndebia Eugene , Patcharatraku Tanisa , Pauwels Ans , Pérez de la Serna Julio , Ramos Rosa , Remes-Troche Jose Maria , Ribolsi Mentore , Sammon Alastair , Simren Magnus , Tack Jan , Tutuian Radu , Valdovinos Miguel , Xiao Yinglian , Zerbib Frank , Gyawali C Prakash 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveLimitations of existing impedance-pH thresholds include small sample size of normative studies, inclusion of artefactual pH drops and incorrect identification of impedance reflux events. We aimed to obtain new impedance-pH thresholds from expert consensus analysis of tracings from a large number of healthy subjects.DesignOf 541 studies performed worldwide using two different systems (Diversatek, USA, and Laborie, Netherlands), 150 tracings with oesophageal diagnoses, behavioural disorders and study-related artefacts were excluded. The remainder studies were subject to two reviewer consensus analysis, in-person or through video conference, consisting of editing meals and pH drops, identification of impedance reflux and postreflux swallow-induced peristaltic wave (PSPW) using strict pre-established criteria and measurement of distal mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI).ResultsConsensus analysis was performed in 391 tracings (age 32.7 years, range 18–71, 54.2% female). Normative thresholds were significantly different between Diversatek and Laborie (total acid exposure time: 2.8% and 5%; reflux episodes: 55 and 78; MNBI at 3 cm: 1400 and 1500 ohms, at 5 cm: 1400 and 1800 ohms). Males had higher acid exposure, more reflux episodes and lower MNBI. Significant regional differences were identified, including higher PSPW scores in Western countries, and higher MNBI in Asia using Diversatek, and higher acid exposure in the Netherlands, higher MNBI in Asia and South Africa, and lower MNBI in Turkey using Laborie.ConclusionNormal impedance-pH monitoring thresholds have regional and system-related differences. Clinical interpretation needs to use normal thresholds valid for the system used and world region, following careful editing of the tracings.
Describing the density of high-level trauma centers in the 15 largest US cities
Authors: Stey Anne M , Byskosh Alexandria , Etkin Caryn , Mackersie Robert , Stein Deborah M , Bilimoria Karl Y , Crandall Marie L 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundThere has been a proliferation of urban high-level trauma centers. The aim of this study was to describe the density of high-level adult trauma centers in the 15 largest cities in the USA and determine whether density was correlated with urban social determinants of health and violence rates.MethodsThe largest 15 US cities by population were identified. The American College of Surgeons’ (ACS) and states’ department of health websites were cross-referenced for designated high-level (levels 1 and 2) trauma centers in each city. Trauma centers and associated 20 min drive radius were mapped. High-level trauma centers per square mile and per population were calculated. The distance between high-level trauma centers was calculated. Publicly reported social determinants of health and violence data were tested for correlation with trauma center density.ResultsAmong the 15 largest cities, 14 cities had multiple high-level adult trauma centers. There was a median of one high-level trauma center per every 150 square kilometers with a range of one center per every 39 square kilometers in Philadelphia to one center per596 square kilometers in San Antonio. There was a median of one high-level trauma center per 285 034 people with a range of one center per 175 058 people in Columbus to one center per 870 044 people in San Francisco. The median minimum distance between high-level trauma centers in the 14 cities with multiple centers was 8 kilometers and ranged from 1 kilometer in Houston to 43 kilometers in San Antonio. Social determinants of health, specifically poverty rate and unemployment rate, were highly correlated with violence rates. However, there was no correlation between trauma center density and social determinants of health or violence rates.DiscussionHigh-level trauma centers density is not correlated with social determinants of health or violence rates.Level of evidenceVI.Study typeEconomic/decision.