bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Awareness of Stroke and Other Comorbidities Associated with Diabetes in Northwest India
Authors: Podder Vivek , Srivastava Vinod , Kumar Saurabh , Nagarathna Raghuram , Sivapuram Madhava Sai , Kaur Navneet , Sharma Kanupriya , Singh Amit Kumar , Malik Neeru , Anand Akshay , Nagendra Hongasandra R. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives The main purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of comorbid conditions in diabetic, prediabetic, and nondiabetic individuals. Additionally, the current study examines the levels of awareness of those comorbidities among North Indian population.

Methods As a part of a national study (Niyantrit Madhumeh Bharat [NMB] screening program), different comorbidity parameters were screened in the northern part of India between April and September 2017. There were 1,215 participants recruited in this study. Biochemical analyses of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were conducted on the study subjects. Subsequently, the study subjects were divided into diabetic, prediabetic, and nondiabetic groups based on their HbA1c results.

Results The study analysis reveals a higher prevalence of peripheral vascular disease (21.2%), ocular diseases (18%), and hypertension (13.4%) in diabetics with other comorbidities. Furthermore, the study found that a vast majority of the participants were unaware of the presence of hypertension (67.2%), dyslipidemia (84.5%), kidney disease (95.2%), peripheral vascular disease (34.5%), and stroke (95.1%).

Conclusion The study concluded that in the northern India, the prevalence of multiple comorbid conditions, such as peripheral vascular disease and hypertension, is higher among diabetic population. Also, the level of awareness of diabetic comorbidities is surprisingly low, which has implications for policymakers, health practitioners, and educators of alternate medicine to increase awareness about diabetes, comorbid conditions, health risk, and possible solution at community and rural level, such as periodic screening programs in this population.
Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio and Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio in Missed Abortion
Authors: Biyik Ismail , Albayrak Mustafa , Keskin Fatih 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective Missed abortion occurs in ∼ 15% of all clinical pregnancies. The pathogenesis is not clearly known. However, defective placentation resulting in maternal systemic inflammatory response is considered responsible for missed abortion. Platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are increasingly cited parameters of inflammation in the literature. However, no study evaluated the PLR and NLR rates in missed abortions so far. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether complete blood count (CBC) inflammatory parameters such as NLR and PLR are increased in patients with missed abortion.
Methods Medical records of 40 pregnant women whose gestation ended in missed abortion at between 6 and14 weeks of gestation and of 40 healthy pregnant women were collected and compared retrospectively. The groups were compared regarding hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), PLR and NLR.
Results Platelet distribution width, NLR and PLR values were higher in the missed abortion group compared with the healthy pregnant women group (rates are p = 0.043; p = 0.038; and p = 0.010, respectively). Hematocrit, MPV, and lymphocyte values were found to be lower in the missed abortion group compared with the healthy pregnant women group (p = 0.027, p = 0.044 and p = 0.025, respectively).
Conclusion The PDW, NLR and PLR values of the missed abortion group were reported high; and MPV values were reported low in the present study. These findings may help to speculate a defective placentation in the pathogenesis of missed abortion.
Guidelines for Management of Neurosurgical Cases during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kumar Raj , Mahapatra Ashok Kumar , Mittal Radhe Shyam , Prajapati Hanuman Prasad 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTransmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection can occur to health care workers while providing treatment. It is vital to ensure the safety and to avoid any undue exposure of health care workers, leading to collapse of the entire health care system. As the world is facing this grave threat due to COVID-19, a proper protocol should be there. Daily updates and modifications are being made available by the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare and the ministry advises that protocols be tailored as per prevailing local conditions. We are trying to lay down guidelines based on available literature, data, and guidelines to take the procedures of neurosurgery and neurosciences.
The collaborative and selective nature of interpreting in police interviews with stand-by interpreting
Authors: Monteoliva-García Eloísa 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study explores interaction in two authentic interpreter-mediated police interviews with suspects. The
analysis focuses on the interpreting regime used: stand-by interpreting. The interactional regime in the analysed interviews
featured exolingual communication in English between a Spanish-speaking suspect with emerging competencies in English and
English-speaking interviewers, with intermittent interpreter participation. Drawing on Conversation Analysis and interactional
sociolinguistics, this study analyses how the interpreting regime was negotiated, how it was constructed over the course of the
interviews, and the observable function of interpreting episodes. The analysis revealed a markedly collaborative nature of
stand-by interpreting, differences in the distribution of interactional power over interpreting episodes among the three
participants depending on their activity role and the interview phase, and the multimodal nature of turn-management. Interpreting
was used selectively as a resource to either repair or prevent miscommunication, aligning with the way the interpreting regime was
set up. Rather than advocating for or against the stand-by mode of interpreting, this paper describes its features in the police
interview and highlights both its potential and its risks for communication in interpreter-mediated police interviews as a
discourse genre.
L2 Spanish clitic pronouns
Authors: Peace Meghann M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Spanish clitic pronouns present multiple morphosyntactic and semantic challenges to second language learners. One
particular issue is that of case marking, which can be further complicated by variable native input. As a result, a number of factors have
been proposed to explain L2 clitics, such as acquisition sequences, classroom input, dialect-specific input, and animacy cues (e.g. Andersen, 1984; Geeslin, García-Amaya, Hasler-Barker, Henriksen,
& Killam, 2010; Malovrh, 2008; Malovrh &
Lee, 2013; VanPatten, 1990; Zyzik, 2004).
This paper uses the Dynamic Systems Theory to describe and explain L2 Spanish clitic development. The multiple social and linguistic
variables that interact in clitic production suggest that clitics constitute a dynamic system. The data presented here come from a
cross-sectional analysis of four groups of university-level L1 English learners of L2 Spanish, as well as a group of native Spanish
speakers, who produced semi-spontaneous narration as well as post-production stimulated recall and interview. The results show a progression
that is not always linear in terms of certain levels, learners, and measures. The quantitative and qualitative results reveal various
interrelated social, linguistic, and cognitive factors which all play a role in the dynamic system of clitic case development.
Triangular lattice models for pattern formation by core–shell particles with different shell thicknesses
Authors: Grishina V S , Vikhrenko V S , Ciach A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Triangular lattice models for pattern formation by hard-core soft-shell particles at interfaces are introduced and studied in order to determine the effect of the shell thickness and structure. In model I, we consider particles with hard-cores covered by shells of cross-linked polymeric chains. In model II, such inner shell is covered by a much softer outer shell. In both models, the hard cores can occupy sites of the triangular lattice, and nearest-neighbor repulsion following from overlapping shells is assumed. The capillary force is represented by the second or the fifth neighbor attraction in model I or II, respectively. Ground states with fixed chemical potential μ or with fixed fraction of occupied sites c are thoroughly studied. For T > 0, the μ(c) isotherms, compressibility and specific heat are calculated by Monte Carlo simulations. In model II, 6 ordered periodic patterns occur in addition to 4 phases found in model I. These additional phases, however, are stable only at the phase coexistence lines at the (μ, T) diagram, which otherwise looks like the diagram of model I. In the canonical ensemble, these 6 phases and interfaces between them appear in model II for large intervals of c and the number of possible patterns is much larger than in model I. We calculated line tensions for different interfaces, and found that the favorable orientation of the interface corresponds to its smoothest shape in both models.
Coherent control for qubit state readout
Authors: Roman Conrad , Ransford Anthony , Ip Michael , Campbell Wesley C 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Short pulses from mode-locked lasers can produce background-free atomic fluorescence by allowing temporal separation of the prompt incidental scatter from the subsequent atomic emission. We use this to improve our quantum state detection of optical-frequency and electron-shelved trapped ion qubits by more than two orders of magnitude. For direct detection of qubits defined on atomic hyperfine structure, however, the large bandwidth of short pulses is greater than the hyperfine splitting, and repeated excitation is not qubit state selective. Here, we show that the state resolution needed for projective quantum measurement of hyperfine qubits can be recovered by applying techniques from coherent control to the orbiting valence electron of the queried ion. We demonstrate electron wavepacket interference to allow readout of the original qubit state using broadband pulses, even in the presence of large amounts of background laser scatter.
Influence of Tumor Number on Clinicopathologic Features and Outcomes of Patients With Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Feng Jia-Wei , Wu Wan-Xiao , Hu Jun , Hong Li-Zhao , Qin An-Cheng , Jiang Yong , Ye Jing 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to investigate the significance of tumor number on clinicopathologic factors and outcomes of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 667 patients with PTC. We compared clinicopathologic features of patients with a different tumor number. Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze risk factors of recurrence.

Results
In papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), the increase in the number of tumor foci was related to a higher risk of minimal extrathyroidal extension (ETE) and lymphovascular invasion (P &lt; .05). Patients with PTMC with four or more foci had a significantly higher risk of central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) and lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM) than patients with solitary tumors (P &lt; .05). Patients with macro-PTC with four or more foci and with three foci had a higher risk of gross ETE and lymphovascular invasion than patients with solitary tumors (P &lt; .05). The increase in the tumor number was related to a higher risk of CLNM in macro-PTC (P &lt; .05). The number of foci was the independent predictor of recurrence in patients with macro-PTC (P &lt; .05).

Conclusions
An increase in the number of tumors was associated with an increased risk of aggressive clinicopathologic features in PTMC and macro-PTC. The number of tumor foci could influence risk of recurrence in macro-PTC.
GLIDE: combining local methods and diffusion state embeddings to predict missing interactions in biological networks
Authors: Devkota Kapil , Murphy James M , Cowen Lenore J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Motivation
One of the core problems in the analysis of biological networks is the link prediction problem. In particular, existing interactions networks are noisy and incomplete snapshots of the true network, with many true links missing because those interactions have not yet been experimentally observed. Methods to predict missing links have been more extensively studied for social than for biological networks; it was recently argued that there is some special structure in protein–protein interaction (PPI) network data that might mean that alternate methods may outperform the best methods for social networks. Based on a generalization of the diffusion state distance, we design a new embedding-based link prediction method called global and local integrated diffusion embedding (GLIDE). GLIDE is designed to effectively capture global network structure, combined with alternative network type-specific customized measures that capture local network structure. We test GLIDE on a collection of three recently curated human biological networks derived from the 2016 DREAM disease module identification challenge as well as a classical version of the yeast PPI network in rigorous cross validation experiments.

Results
We indeed find that different local network structure is dominant in different types of biological networks. We find that the simple local network measures are dominant in the highly connected network core between hub genes, but that GLIDE’s global embedding measure adds value in the rest of the network. For example, we make GLIDE-based link predictions from genes known to be involved in Crohn’s disease, to genes that are not known to have an association, and make some new predictions, finding support in other network data and the literature.

Availability and implementation
GLIDE can be downloaded at https://bitbucket.org/kap_devkota/glide.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A new classification ofCarex(Cyperaceae) subgenera supported by a HybSeq backbone phylogenetic tree
Authors: Villaverde Tamara , Jiménez-Mejías Pedro , Luceño Modesto , Waterway Marcia J , Kim Sangtae , Lee Bora , Rincón-Barrado Mario , Hahn Marlene , Maguilla Enrique , Roalson Eric H , Hipp Andrew L ,   THE GLOBAL CAREX GROUP, Wilson K L , Larridon I , Gebauer S , Hoffmann M H , Simpson D A , Naczi R F C , Reznicek A A , Ford B A , Starr J R , Park J , Escudero M , Martín-Bravo S 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe field of systematics is experiencing a new molecular revolution driven by the increased availability of high-throughput sequencing technologies. As these techniques become more affordable, the increased genomic resources have increasingly far-reaching implications for our understanding of the Tree of Life. With c. 2000 species, Carex (Cyperaceae) is one of the five largest genera of angiosperms and one of the two largest among monocots, but the phylogenetic relationships between the main lineages are still poorly understood. We designed a Cyperaceae-specific HybSeq bait kit using transcriptomic data of Carex siderosticta and Cyperus papyrus. We identified 554 low-copy nuclear orthologous loci, targeting a total length of c. 1 Mbp. Our Cyperaceae-specific kit shared loci with a recently published angiosperm-specific Anchored Hybrid Enrichment kit, which enabled us to include and compile data from different sources. We used our Cyperaceae kit to sequence 88 Carex spp., including samples of all the five major clades in the genus. For the first time, we present a phylogenetic tree of Carex based on hundreds of loci (308 nuclear exon matrices, 543 nuclear intron matrices and 66 plastid exon matrices), demonstrating that there are six strongly supported main lineages in Carex: the Siderostictae, Schoenoxiphium, Unispicate, Uncinia, Vignea and Core Carex clades. Based on our results, we suggest a revised subgeneric treatment and provide lists of the species belonging to each of the subgenera. Our results will inform future biogeographic, taxonomic, molecular dating and evolutionary studies in Carex and provide the step towards a revised classification that seems likely to stand the test of time.
Risk of Viral Infection in Patients Using Either Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin Receptor Blockers: A Nationwide Population-based Propensity Score Matching Study
Authors: Lin Shih-Yi , Ju Shu-Woei , Lin Cheng-Li , Lin Cheng-Chieh , Hsu Wu-Huei , Chou Chia-Hui , Chi Chih-Yu , Hsu Chung-Y , Kao Chia-Hung 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
We hypothesized that renin–angiotensin system (RAS) blockers have systemic protective effects beyond the respiratory tract and could reduce the risk of viral infections.

Methods
We used the National Health Insurance Research Database and identified 2 study cohorts: the angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) cohort and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) cohort. Propensity score matching was applied at a 1:1 ratio by all associated variables to select 2 independent control cohorts for the ARB and ACEI cohorts. A Cox proportional hazards model was applied to assess the end outcome of viral infection.

Results
The number of ARB and ACEI users was 20 207 and 18 029, respectively. The median age of ARB users and nonusers was 53.7 and 53.8 years, respectively. The median follow-up duration of ARB users and nonusers was 7.96 and 7.08 years; the median follow-up duration of ACEI users and nonusers was 8.70 and 8.98 years, respectively. The incidence rates of viral infections in ARB users and nonusers were 4.95 and 8.59 per 1000 person-years, respectively, and ARB users had a lower risk of viral infection than nonusers (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.53 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .48–.58]). The incidence rates of viral infections in ACEI users and nonusers were 6.10 per 1000 person-years and 7.72 per 1000 person-years, respectively, and ACEI users had a lower risk of viral infection than nonusers (aHR, 0.81 [95% CI, .74–.88]).

Conclusions
Hypertensive patients using either ARBs or ACEIs exhibit a lower risk of viral infection than nonusers.
A Machine Learning Approach for the Automated Interpretation of Plasma Amino Acid Profiles
Authors: Wilkes Edmund H , Emmett Erin , Beltran Luisa , Woodward Gary M , Carling Rachel S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Plasma amino acid (PAA) profiles are used in routine clinical practice for the diagnosis and monitoring of inherited disorders of amino acid metabolism, organic acidemias, and urea cycle defects. Interpretation of PAA profiles is complex and requires substantial training and expertise to perform. Given previous demonstrations of the ability of machine learning (ML) algorithms to interpret complex clinical biochemistry data, we sought to determine if ML-derived classifiers could interpret PAA profiles with high predictive performance.

METHODS
We collected PAA profiling data routinely performed within a clinical biochemistry laboratory (2084 profiles) and developed decision support classifiers with several ML algorithms. We tested the generalization performance of each classifier using a nested cross-validation (CV) procedure and examined the effect of various subsampling, feature selection, and ensemble learning strategies.

RESULTS
The classifiers demonstrated excellent predictive performance, with the 3 ML algorithms tested producing comparable results. The best-performing ensemble binary classifier achieved a mean precision-recall (PR) AUC of 0.957 (95% CI 0.952, 0.962) and the best-performing ensemble multiclass classifier achieved a mean F4 score of 0.788 (0.773, 0.803).

CONCLUSIONS
This work builds upon previous demonstrations of the utility of ML-derived decision support tools in clinical biochemistry laboratories. Our findings suggest that, pending additional validation studies, such tools could potentially be used in routine clinical practice to streamline and aid the interpretation of PAA profiles. This would be particularly useful in laboratories with limited resources and large workloads. We provide the necessary code for other laboratories to develop their own decision support tools.
Family Planning and Development: Aggregate Effects of Contraceptive Use
Authors: Cavalcanti Tiago , Kocharkov Georgi , Santos Cezar 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
What is the role of family planning interventions on fertility, savings, human capital investment and development? To examine this, endogenous unwanted fertility is embedded in an otherwise standard quantity–quality overlapping generations model of fertility and growth. The model features costly fertility control and families can (partially) insure against a fertility risk by using costly modern contraceptives. In the event of unexpected pregnancies, households can also opt to abort some pregnancies, at a cost. Given the number of children born, parents decide how much education to provide and how much to save out of their income. We fit the model to Kenyan data, implement several family planning policies and decompose their aggregate effects. Our results suggest that with a small government budget (say, up to 0.5% of GDP), family planning interventions might be more cost-effective in improving long-run living standards than policies that subsidise basic education.
Cardiac arrest at rest and during sport activity: causes and prevention
Authors: Basso Cristina , Rizzo Stefania , Carturan Elisa , Pilichou Kalliopi , Thiene Gaetano 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In the Western Countries, cardiovascular diseases are still the most frequent cause of death, which is often sudden. Sudden death (SD) in the young population occurs at a rate of 1/100 000/year and carries a profound social impact both for the young age of the victims and the unanticipated occurrence. Physical effort is a triggering risk factor, in fact SD occurs three times more frequently in athletes than in non-athletes. The screening for sport activity fitness can identify apparently healthy subjects carrying a silent abnormality able to trigger sudden cardiac death during sport activity, thus the fitness screening could be lifesaving. The spectrum of cardiovascular conditions identified at post-mortem examination is quite extensive, and include: coronary, myocardial, valvular diseases, as well as conduction system abnormalities. In 20% of the cases, the heart is normal, and sudden cardiac death is ascribed to ionic channel disease. The diagnosis of cardiomyopathy is possible with the integration of electrocardiogram and echography, thus decreasing significantly the occurrence of SD of athletes in Italy, but early diagnosis of coronary artery disease still remains challenging. The best strategy to further decrease sudden cardiac death during sport activities consists in combining early diagnosis with widespread availability of defibrillators on site.
The argument of the ORBITA study: angioplasty is useless
Authors: Bolognese Leonardo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The goal of treatment in stable coronary artery disease is to improve prognosis and quality of life of the patients. International Guidelines support revascularization procedures for symptomatic patients unresponsive to optimal medical treatment. Previous studies demonstrated, in fact, the therapeutic efficacy of coronary angioplasty in reducing angina and improving the functional capacity of these patients. The ORBITA study, recently published, challenged these assertions by demonstrating the lack of benefit of angioplasty over placebo in terms of effort tolerance in a population of patients with single-vessel coronary artery disease. What lesson could we learn from the ORBITA study?