bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“My first 48 hours out”: Drug users’ perspectives on challenges and strategies upon release from prison
Authors: Jamin Daniela , Stöver Heino , Vanderplasschen Wouter , Sys Orphée , Jauffret-Roustide Marie , Michel Laurent , Trouiller Philippe , Neisa Andreia , Homem Mariana , Mendes Vania 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Prisoners report much higher prevalence rates of drug use and more harmful patterns of use than the general population [1]. People who use drugs have also an above-average experience with the criminal justice system in general, the prison system and the subsequent release situation in particular. Release from prison is associated with increased mortality rates among drug users due to the risk of overdose [2–5]. The EU-funded project ‘My first 48h out’ aimed to address the gaps in the continuity of care for long-term drug users in prison and upon release and had a special focus on drug user’s perspectives on challenges upon release.Methods A multi-country (Belgium, France, Germany and Portugal) qualitative study was set up to explore drug users’ perceptions of drug use and risk behaviour upon prison release, experiences of incarceration, knowledge of risks and overdose prevention, individual risk reduction mechanisms and strategies to avoid risks when being released. Therefore, interviews and focus groups based on a semi-structured interview with (ex-) prisoners in four countries were implemented.Results 104 (Ex-) prisoners pointed out that there are a lot of challenges for people who use drugs at release from prison. Mainly named are a lack of housing and employment support and also a complex administrative procedure regarding services, health insurance and welfare benefits. Beside these structural challenges there are individual challenges like old habits, drug use (overdose) and the situation outside prison. As a result of a lack of support (ex-) prisoners use individual strategies to cope with the risks and challenges at release.Conclusion There are measures to prepare prisoners for release, but mostly they do not focus on individual and specific challanges of poeple who use drugs. Mainly psychosocial and medical support need to be improved and adjusted inside and outside prison. To implement measures the individual needs and strategies of people who use drugs should be utilized, as they show the specific needs of drug users at release.
Surgical Treatment for Anomalous Origin of the Right Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery: A Case Report with Five-Year Follow-up
Authors: Teng Peng , Li Weidong , Ni Yiming 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ARCAPA) is a rare congenital heart disease affecting about 0.002% of the population. Knowledge of ARCAPA is almost collected from case reports. The aim of this study was to provide a rare case to better understand this rare congenital coronary anomaly.Case presentation: We report a rare case of an 18-year-old male who was initially referred because of heart murmur. Dilated and tortuous coronary arteries were detected by echocardiography and congenital coronary anomaly was suggested. Further coronary CT angiography confirmed the diagnosis of ARCAPA. Although dual coronary system provides favorable long-term outcome, bypass surgery was considered technically difficult due to the huge mismatch of caliber between the right coronary artery and graft vessels. Eventually, simple right coronary artery ligation was performed. The patient was followed up for about 5 years without evidence of atherosclerosis or myocardial ischemia.Conclusions: ARCAPA presents as a rare congenital heart disease with variable clinical manifestations. Surgical treatment is highly recommended to re-establish dual coronary system and prevent further complications. To our best knowledge, only about 200 cases of ARCAPA has been reported.
HDL-Cholesterol Efflux Capacity and Lipid Profile in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Ferraz-Amaro Iván , Delgado-Frías Esmeralda , Hernández-Hernández Vanesa , Sánchez-Pérez Hiurma , de Armas-Rillo Laura , Armas-González Estefanía , Machado José David , Diaz-Gonzalez Federico 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective. It is well established that patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) have a disrupted lipid profile and an increased cardiovascular risk. Cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), the ability of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol to accept cholesterol from macrophages has been linked to cardiovascular events. The aim of this study was to establish whether CEC and lipid profile were impaired in SSc patients respect to controls and whether these changes were associated with disease-related data.Methods. Cross-sectional study encompassed 188 individuals: 73 SSc patients and 115 controls. CEC, using an in vitro assay, and lipoprotein serum concentrations were assessed in patients and controls. A multivariable analysis was performed to study the differences in CEC between patients and controls, and if SSc-related data could explain such differences. Results. The multivariate analysis adjusted for demographic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors and lipid-related molecules showed that total cholesterol (beta coefficient: -22 [95%CI -37- -7], p=0.004), triglycerides (beta coefficient: 24 [95%CI 2-47], p=0.033), lipoprotein A (beta coefficient: 22 [95%CI 2-43], p=0.033) and CEC (beta coefficient: -6 [95%CI -10- -2]%,p=0.002) were significantly differences between patients and controls. Skin thickness, as assessed by modified Rodnan skin score, was independently associated with a lower CEC (beta coefficient: -0.21 [95%CI -0.37- -0.05]%, p=0.011) after multivariable adjustment.Conclusion: SSc patients show an abnormal lipid profile respect to controls including CEC, a finding that could be involved in the increased cardiovascular burden suffered by these patients. Skin thickness is independent and inversely associated with CEC in SSc patients.
Improved Gossypium Raimondii Genome Using a Hi-C-based Proximity-Guided Assembly
Authors: Song Huoli , Yang Qiuhong , Zuo Dongyun , Wang Qiaolian , Cheng Hailiang , Feng Xiaoxu , Ashraf Javaria , Zhang Youping , Li Simin , Chen Xiaoqin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Genome sequence plays an important role both in basic and applied studies. Gossypium raimondii, the putative contributor of the D subgenome of Upland cotton (G. hirsutum), highlights the need to improve the genome quality in a rapid and efficient way. Here, we performed Hi-C sequencing of G. raimondii and reassembled its genome based on new Hi-C data and previously published scaffolds. We identified and corrected errors of initial scaffolds before reassembled into chromosomes. In total 98.42% of sequence was clustered successfully, among which 99.72% of the clustered sequence was ordered and 99.92% of the ordered sequence was oriented with high-quality. Further evaluation of results by heat-map and collinearity analysis revealed that the current reassembled genome is significantly improved than previous one. This improvement in G. raimondii genome not only provides a better reference genome to increase study efficiency, but also offers a new way to assemble cotton genomes. Furthermore, Hi-C data of G. raimondii may be used for 3D structure research or regulating analysis.
Thermal Remote Sensing: A tool to Determine Temporal Land Surface Temperature in Hawassa City, Ethiopia
Authors: Molla Mikias Biazen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This investigation was conducted for the estimation of the temporal land surface temperature value using thermal remote sensing of Landsat-8 (OLI) Data in Hawassa City Administration, Ethiopia. Satellite datasets of Landsat-7 (ETM+) for 22nd March 2002 and Landsat-8 (OLI) of 22nd March 2019 were taken for this study. Different algorisms were used to estimate the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index threshold from the Red and Near-Infrared band and the ground earth's surface emissivity esteem is legitimately recovered from the thermal infrared by coordinating with the outcome got from MODIS information. The land use land cover map of the city was prepared with better accuracy using the on-screen classification technique. The spatial distribution of surface temperature of the city range from 6.62°C to 22.54°C with a mean of 14.58°C and a standard deviation of 11.25 in the year of march 22nd 2002. The LST result derived from Landsat 8 for March 22nd, 2019, ranges from 11.97°C to 35.5°C with a mean of 23.735 °C and a standard deviation of 16.64. In both years the higher LST values correspond to built-up/settlement and bare/open lands of the city; whereas, lower LST values were observed in vegetation (trees/woodlot, shrubs, and grass forested) area. Urban expansion (built-up area roads, and another impervious surface), decline in vegetation levels due to deforestation and increasing population density. Increasing an evergreen tree and green space coverage, design and develop city parks and rehabilitate the existing degraded natural environments are among the recommended strategy to reduce the rate of LST.
CT-based Radiomics Combined with Signs: A Valuable Tool to help Physician Discriminate COVID-19 and Other Viral Pneumonia
Authors: Huang Yilong , Zhang Zhenguang , Li Xiang , Yang Yunhui , Li Zhipeng , Zhou Jialong , Jiang Yuanming , Ma Jiyao , Liu Siyun , HE Bo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: ﻿In this COVID-19 pandemic, the differential diagnosis of different viral types of pneumonia is still challenging. We aimed to assess the classification performance of computed tomography (CT)-based CT signs and radiomics features for discriminating COVID-19 pneumonia and other viral pneumonia.Methods: A total of 181 patients with confirmed viral pneumonia (COVID-19: 89 cases, Non-COVID-19: 92 cases; training cohort: 126 cases; test cohort: 55 cases) were collected retrospectively in this study. Pneumonia signs and radiomics features were extracted from the initial unenhanced chest CT images to build independent and combined models. The predictive performance of the radiomics model and the combined model were evaluated using an intra-cross validation cohort. Diagnostic performance of two models was assessed via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.Results: ﻿The combined models consisted of 3 significant CT signs and 14 selected features and demonstrated better discrimination performance between COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 pneumonia than the single radiomics model. For the radiomics model along, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were 0.904 (sensitivity, 85.5%; specificity, 84.4%; accuracy, 84.9%) in the training cohort and 0.866 (sensitivity, 77.8%; specificity, 78.6%; accuracy, 78.2%) in the test cohort. After combining CT signs and radiomics features, AUC of the combined model for the training cohort was 0.956 (sensitivity, 91.9%; specificity, 85.9%; accuracy, 88.9%), while that for the test cohort was 0.943 (sensitivity, 88.9%; specificity, 85.7%; accuracy, 87.3%).Conclusion: ﻿CT-based radiomics combined with signs might be a potential method for distinguishing COVID-19 and other viral pneumonia with satisfactory performance.
Medical studies during the COVID-19 pandemic: the impact of digital learning on burnout and mental health
Authors: Zis Panagiotis , Artemiadis Artemios , Bargiotas Panagiotis , Nteveros Antonios , Hadjigeorgiou Georgios M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this ecological study was to investigate what the impact of digital learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic was on the burnout and the overall mental health (MH) of medical students.Background: During the unprecedent era of COVID-19 pandemic, the majority of countries worldwide adopted very strong measurements. The universities closed their doors and the education continued through digital learning lectures.Methods: An anonymous questionnaire was administered to all 189 eligible candidates before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health was assessed via the MH domain of the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and burnout with the Maslach Burnout Inventory – Student Survey (MBI-SS).Results: Overall response rate was 81.5%. The overall burnout prevalence did not differ significantly between the two periods (pre COVID-19 18.1% vs COVID-19 18.2%). However, the burnout prevalence dropped significantly in year 4 (pre COVID-19 40.7% vs COVID-19 16.7%, p=0.011) whereas it increased significantly in year 6 (pre COVID-19 27.6% vs COVID-19 50%, p=0.01). When looking each MBI-SS dimension separately, we found that emotional exhaustion decreased significantly in year 4 but increased in year 6 and cynicism increased in all years. The overall MH deteriorated significantly between the two periods (pre COVID-19 58.8±21.6 vs COVID-19 48.3±23, p<0.001). Conclusions: Digital learning in medical studies carries significant risks. Not only the MH deteriorates the cynicism levels increase. Emotional exhaustion increases particularly in final year students, who struggle with the lack of clinical experience just before they start working as qualified junior doctors.
Chronic HBV Infection Associates with Improvement of Lipid Profile and Steatosis-Related Impairment in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Lipidomic Analysis
Authors: Li Han , Xu Qing-Yang , Xie Yang , Luo Ji-Jun , Cao Hai-Xia , Pan Qin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundChronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection exerts an impact on lipid metabolism, but its interaction with dysmetabolism-based nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains uncertain. The present study performs lipidomic and pathological comparison in NAFLD patients with or without chronic HBV infection so as to highlight its effects on lipid metabolism and metabolic liver disease.MethodsBiopsy-proven Chinese NAFLD patients with (NAFLD-HBV group, n=21) or without chronic HBV infection (NAFLD group, n=41) were enrolled in the case-control study. Their serum lipid profile was subjected to individual investigation by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Steatosis, activity, and fibrosis (SAF) scoring revealed the NAFLD-specific pathological characteristics. The effects of chronic HBV infection on demographic and clinical manifestations, serum lipidomics, and pathological characteristics were statistically assessed.ResultsChronic HBV infection associated with global alteration of serum lipid profile in NAFLD patients. Upregulation of phosphatidylcholine (PCs), choline plasmalogen (PC-Os) and downregulation of free fatty acids (FFAs), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPCs) dominated the HBV-related lipidomic characteristics. Compared to those of NAFLD group, the levels of serum hepatoxic lipids (FFAs: FFA16:0, FFA16: 1, FFA18:1, FFA18:2) were significantly lowered in the NAFLD-HBV group. These low-level FFAs demonstrated correlation to statistical improvements in aspartate aminotransferase activity (FFA16:0, r = 0.34, P = 0.003; FFA16:1, r = 0.37, P < 0.001; FFA18:1, r = 0.33, P < 0.001; FFA18:2, r = 0.42, P < 0.001), hepatocyte steatosis (FFA16: 1, r = 0.39, P = 0.01; FFA18:1, r = 0.39, P = 0.015; FFA18:2, r = 0.33, P = 0.036), and ballooning (FFA16:0, r = 0.31, P = 0.037; FFA16:1, r = 0.45, P < 0.001; FFA18:1, r = 0.37, P = 0.005; FFA18:2, r=0.30, P = 0.013).ConclusionChronic HBV infection may present improvements in the serum lipidomics and steatosis-related pathological characteristics of NAFLD.Trial registrationTrial registration number: ChiCTR-DDT-13003983. Registered 13 May, 2013, http://www.chictr.org.cn/enIndex.aspx?proj=5584.
Knowledge and Compliance with Covid-19 Infection Prevention and Control measures among Health Workers in Regional Referral Hospitals in Northern Uganda: A cross-sectional Online Survey
Authors: Amanya Sharon Bright , Nyeko Richard , Obura Bonniface , Acen Joy , Nabasirye Caroline , Oyella Florence , Afayo Victor , Okwir Mark 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background:Infection prevention and control (IPC) has increasingly been underscored as a key tool for limiting the transmission of Covid-19 and safeguarding health workers from infections during their work. Knowledge and compliance with IPC measures is therefore essential in protecting health workers. However, this has not been established among Ugandan health workers in light of the Covid-19 pandemic.Objective: To determine the knowledge and compliance with Covid-19 infection prevention and control measures among health workers in regional referral hospitals in Northern Uganda.Methods: An online cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 75 health workers in regional referral hospitals within Northern Uganda. A structured questionnaire was distributed to health workers via WhatsApp messenger. Sufficient knowledge was considered at a correct response score of ≥80%, while adequate compliance was rated ≥75 of the maximum score. Data were analyzed using SPSS v21.Results: The majority of the health workers had good knowledge (69%) and compliance (68%) with Covid-19 IPC. Good compliance was significantly associated with training in Covid-19 IPC (p=0.039), access to Covid-19 IPC at work stations (p=0.036), and having sufficient institutional support (p=0.031). However, there was no significant relationship between knowledge and compliance with IPC (p=0.007). The sociodemographic characteristics of health workers, including age, sex, education level, occupation, working hours and work experience, had no statistically significant relationship with Cvid-19 IPC knowledge or compliance.Discussion: Our findings provide support for IPC training and guidelines as well as adequate PPEs to be available to health workers to improve compliance with Covid-19 IPC.
Rede de Colaboração da Agricultura Familiar no Município de Porto Velho (RO)
Authors: Silva Eliane Alves , Nascimento Sérgio Nogueira do , Souza Mariluce Paes de , Pedrozo Eugenio Avila 
Published: August 2020

Há necessidade de se desenvolver uma economia alternativa onde a exploração pode ser evitada, novas perspectivas de ocupação produtiva e reforçar trajetórias de inclusão social. Portanto o objetivo deste artigo é analisar o processo de relações, práticas e translações da formação de uma rede da agricultura familiar no município de Porto Velho-RO, sob a ótica da Teoria Ator-Rede. Sua relevância consiste em provocar reflexões sobre quem são os atores dessa rede, como influenciam e são influenciados e quais os resultados dessa interação. Este artigo caracteriza-se por ser uma pesquisa analítica, de natureza qualitativa e direcionada por um estudo de caso. Utilizou-se da Teoria Ator-Rede (TAR), a qual traz contribuições importantes, por se tratar de uma abordagem que propõe uma modificação em relação ao que se entende por “social”. Conclui-se que a rede foi construída em torno de três pilares: ideologia campesina, mercado e setor público. A ideologia campesina compreende a organização dos agricultores, Sindicato dos Trabalhadores Rurais do Brasil, Confederação Nacional dos Trabalhadores na Agricultura (CONTAG) e União de Cooperativas da Agricultura Familiar e Economia Solidária (UNICAFES). O setor público é representado pelas secretarias municipais SEMED, SEMAGRIC juntamente com as escolas municipais, pela CONAB e EMATER. O mercado compreende o SEBRAE e os consumidores de produtos agroecológicos. Verificou-se que o setor público juntamente com a ideologia camponesa são responsáveis pela inclusão de agricultores mais vulneráveis à rede, e que, à medida que os agricultores vão se consolidando, migram do papel de camponês para o de empreendedor.
Application of nature-inspired optimization algorithms to ANFIS model to predict wave-induced scour depth around pipelines
Authors: Sharafati Ahmad , Tafarojnoruz Ali , Motta Davide , Yaseen Zaher Mundher 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Wave-induced scour depth below pipelines is a physically complex phenomenon, whose reliable prediction may be challenging for pipeline designers. This study shows the application of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) incorporated with particle swarm optimization , ant colony (), differential evolution and genetic algorithm () and assesses the scour depth prediction performance and associated uncertainty in different scour conditions including live-bed and clear-water. To this end, the non-dimensional parameters Shields number (), Keulegan–Carpenter number () and embedded depth to diameter of pipe ratio () are considered as prediction variables. Results indicate that the model ( and ) is the most accurate predictive model in both scour conditions when all three mentioned non-dimensional input parameters are included. Besides, the model shows a better prediction performance than recently developed models. Based on the uncertainty analysis results, the prediction of scour depth is characterized by larger uncertainty in the clear-water condition, associated with both model structure and input variable combination, than in live-bed condition. Furthermore, the uncertainty in scour depth prediction for both live-bed and clear-water conditions is due more to the input variable combination than it is due to the model structure .
Effect of the Association and Evaluation of the Induction to Adaptation of the (+)-α-pinene with Commercial Antimicrobials against Strains of Escherichia coli
Authors: do Amaral Felipe Lemos Esteves , Farias Ticiane Costa , de Brito Raquel Carlos , de Melo Thamara Rodrigues , Ferreira Paula Benvindo , Lima Zilka Nanes , da Silva Francisco Fábio Marques , Ferreira Sávio Benvindo 
Published: August 2020

Background:
The increasing and inappropriate use of antibiotics has increased the number of
multidrug-resistant microorganisms to these drugs, causing the emergence of infections that are difficult
to control and manage by health professionals. As an alternative to combat these pathogens, some
monoterpenes have harmful effects on the bacterial cell membrane, showing themselves as an alternative
in combating microorganisms. Therefore, the positive enantiomer α -pinene becomes an alternative to
fight bacteria, since it was able to inhibit the growth of the species Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, demonstrating
the possibility of its use as an isolated antimicrobial or associated with other drugs.

Aims:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the sensitivity profile of E. coli ATCC 25922 strain against
clinical antimicrobials associated with (+) -α-pinene and how it behaves after successive exposures to
subinhibitory concentrations of the phytochemicals.

Methods:
: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the microdilution
method. The study of the modulating effect of (+) -α-pinene on the activity of antibiotics for clinical use
in strains of E. coli and the analysis of the strain's adaptation to the monoterpene were tested using the
adapted disk-diffusion method.

Results:
The results demonstrate that the association of monoterpene with the antimicrobials ceftazidime,
amoxicillin, cefepime, cefoxitin and amikacin is positive since it leads to the potentiation of the
antibiotic effect of these compounds. It was observed that the monoterpene was able to induce crossresistance
only for antimicrobials: cefuroxime, ceftazidime, cefepime and chloramphenicol.

Conclusion:
It is necessary to obtain more concrete data for the safe use of these combinations, paying
attention to the existence of some type of existing toxicity reaction related to the herbal medicine and to
understand the resistance mechanisms acquired by the microorganism.