bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymer‐Clay Nanocomposite Solid‐State Electrolyte with Selective Cation Transport Boosting and Retarded Lithium Dendrite Formation
Authors: Jeon Young Min , Kim Seulwoo , Lee Minhwan , Lee Won Bo , Park Jong Hyeok 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCommercialized lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with a liquid electrolyte have a high potential for combustion or explosion. The use of solid electrolytes in LIBs is a promising way to overcome the drawbacks of conventional liquid electrolyte‐based systems, but they generally have a lower ionic conductivity and lithium ion mobility. Here, a UV‐crosslinked composite polymer‐clay electrolyte (U‐CPCE) that is composed of a durable semi‐interpenetrating polymer network (semi‐IPN) ion transportive matrix (ETPTA/PVdF‐HFP) and 2D ultrathin clay nanosheets that are fabricated by a one‐step in situ UV curing method, are reported. The U‐CPCE exhibits robust and flexible properties with an ionic conductivity of more than 10−3 S cm−1 at room temperature with the help of exfoliated clay nanosheets. As a result, the U‐CPCE‐based LIBs show an initial discharge capacity of 152 mAh g−1 (at 0.2 C for a LiCoO2 half‐cell), which is comparable to that of conventional liquid electrolyte‐based cells. In addition, they show excellent cycling performance (96% capacity retention after 200 cycles at 0.5 C) due to a significantly enhanced Li+ transference number (tLi+ = 0.78) and inhibition of lithium dendrite formation on the lithium metal surface. Furthermore, a molecular dynamics (MD) study is conducted to elucidate the mechanism of improving ionic conductivity. The U‐CPCE design can offer opportunities for future all‐solid‐state Li‐ion batteries.
Poirier–Bienvenu neurodevelopmental syndrome: A report of a patient with a pathogenic variant in CSNK2B with abnormal linear growth
Authors: Selvam Pavalan , Jain Angita , Cheema Anvir , Atwal Herjot , Forghani Irman , Atwal Paldeep S 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCasein kinase 2‐related disorders have been linked to pathogenic variants in CSNK2A1 and CSNK2B. CSNK2B‐related disease is predominantly associated with neurodevelopmental abnormalities affecting cognition; however, the extent of the phenotype associated with CSNK2B pathogenic variants is yet to be fully explored. Here, we describe a patient with features suggestive of Poirier–Bienvenu neurodevelopmental syndrome, harboring a novel CSNK2B pathogenic variant. We also report that the linear growth abnormalities could be a recurrent presentation in patients with this syndrome and suggest the effect of growth hormone therapy in our patient's stature.
When does a social norm catch the worm? Disentangling social normative influences on sustainable consumption behaviour
Authors: Pristl Ann‐Catrin , Kilian Sven , Mann Andreas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSustainable consumption obtains ever‐increasing importance due to pressing social, environmental and economic issues. Extensive research has proposed the use of social norm communication as an effective means to encourage various kinds of pro‐environmental behaviour, as well as sustainable consumption. However, although crucial to the development of effective social norm campaigns, tangible evidence for specific processes and conditions through which social norms foster sustainable consumption remains scarce. Thus, we aim to illuminate the underlying mechanisms and boundary conditions of social normative influences and clarify how to effectively communicate social norms. Study 1 examines personal norms as a mediator of social normative influences on consumers' purchase intention for an unsustainable product, including the interacting role of personal traits (i.e., self‐efficacy and self‐concept). The results reveal that personal norms fully mediate the effect of perceived social norms on purchase intentions. For participants expressing high generalized self‐efficacy, an additional direct effect of perceived social norms on purchase intentions arises. The same pattern appears for a strong collective but not for a strong relational self‐concept. Study 2 investigates sender‐specific (i.e., social distance) and recipient‐specific (i.e., gender and pro‐sustainability world view) factors impacting the relative influence of social normative message frames (i.e., injunctive vs. descriptive) on purchase intentions towards a sustainable product. The results reveal an interaction effect for social distance and for gender, but not for pro‐sustainability world view. This research proposes implications for researchers, as well as marketers, and emphasizes auspicious aspects as a springboard for future research.
Defining the critical period of hedgehog pathway inhibitor‐induced cranial base dysplasia in mice
Authors: Chen Jiangping , Tang Wenbing , Lin Chengquan , Hong Yuhang , Mao Chuanqing , Lai Yongzhen , Liao Caiyu , Lin Minkui , Chen Weihui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe hedgehog signaling pathway is critical for developmental patterning of the limb, craniofacial and axial skeleton. Disruption of this pathway in mice leads to a series of structural malformations, but the exact role and critical period of the Hh pathway in the early development of the cranial base have been rarely described.ResultsEmbryos exposed to vismodegib from E7.5, E9.5, and E10.5 had a higher percentage of cranial base fenestra. The peak incidence of hypoplasia in sphenoid winglets and severe craniosynostosis in cranial base synchondroses was observed when vismodegib was administered between E9.5 and E10.5. Cranial base craniosynostosis results from accelerating terminal differentiation of chondrocytes and premature osteogenesis.ConclusionsWe define the critical periods for the induction of cranial base deformity by vismodegib administration at a meticulous temporal resolution. Our findings suggest that the Hh pathway may play a vital role in the early development of the cranial base. This research also establishes a novel and easy‐to‐establish mouse model of synostosis in the cranial base using a commercially available pathway‐selective inhibitor.
Development of carbon thin film for Laser‐driven heavy ion acceleration using a XeCl excimer laser
Authors: Kusaba Mitsuhiro , Nigo Fumitaka , Kondo Kotaro , Nishiuchi Mamiko , Sakaki Hironao , Kiriyama Hiromitsu , Hashida Masaki , Sakabe Shuji 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe carbon thin film as a target for laser‐driven heavy ion acceleration has been developed using the carbonization of polyimide induced by the irradiation of a XeCl excimer laser. The relationship between the depth of the crater produced by the laser irradiation and the laser fluence were measured in order to clear the carbonization mechanisms of polyimide. The melting threshold of polyimide was estimated to 0.058 J/cm2. It is found that the carbonization is induced by the irradiation with the laser fluence around or under the threshold.
Mindful Reading: Eye‐Tracking Evidence for Goal‐Directed Instruction
Authors: Mohr Kathleen A.J. , Downs Jacob D. , Mohr Eric S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEye‐tracking studies have indicated that there are different kinds of silent reading. Simply having eyes on text does not always result in adequate comprehension. Understanding common eye‐tracking measures that distinguish productive reading behaviors can help teachers promote better reading habits among students. This research synthesis highlights the need to focus on reading goals and mindful reading, rather than merely promoting eyes or time on text. The authors provide several instructional options for promoting mindful reading based on eye‐tracking research and suggest ways to coach a more metacognitive approach to comprehension.
In‐vivo comparison of the Ni‐free steel X13CrMnMoN18–14‐3 and titanium alloy implants in rabbit femora – A promising steel for orthopedic surgery
Authors: Kauther Max Daniel , Gödde Kai , Burggraf Manuel , Hilken Gero , Wissmann Andreas , Krüger Christine , Lask Sara , Jung Ole , Mitevski Bojan , Fischer Alfons , Dudda Marcel , Behr Björn , Herten Monika 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA variety of metallic biomaterials is used for fracture fixation. Allergic reactions towards nickel‐containing steels urge the need for alternatives. The present study investigated the suitability of the nickel‐free stainless steel P2000 in comparison to titanium alloy implants for bone surgical applications in a rabbit femora defect model. Thirty‐six rabbits received two different cylindrical implants press‐fit inserted into the distal femoral metaphysis. At day 0, 28, and 56, implant ingrowth was monitored by radiography; implant stability was assessed by pull‐out torque measurements while bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) was determined histomorphometrically. Radiography revealed comparable implant ingrowth after 1 and 2 months for both implant materials. The pull‐out force of P2000 tended to be higher than that for titanium at day 28 (p = .076) but the values were comparable at day 56 (p = .905). At day 56, implant fixation was significantly increased compared to the day of surgery for both, P2000 (p = .030) and for titanium alloy (p = .026). Microscopic examination revealed that both implant types appeared to be well integrated and firmly anchored in the bone. BIC ratio of titanium alloy tended to be higher at day 28 (p = .079) but they did not differ significantly at day 56 (p = .711). In the present rabbit femora defect model, the nickel‐free stainless steel P2000 provides primary stability and osseointegration comparable to that of titanium alloy implants.
Morphogenesis and histogenesis during the arm regeneration in a basket star Astrocladus dofleini (Euryalida, Ophiuroidea, Echinodermata)
Authors: Okanishi Masanori , Kohtsuka Hisanori , Miura Toru 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBasket stars, that is, Ophiuroidea in Echinodermata, exhibit distinctive morphological characteristics with their complicatedly branched arms that can regenerate immediately after mutilation. Although, in brittle stars, that is, ophiuroids with nonbranched arms, the arm regeneration process following accidental trauma or autotomy have been morphologically and histologically observed in several species, few studies have so far been carried out on the regeneration of branched arms in basket stars. In this study, the developmental and morphological features of arm regeneration in Astrocladus dofleini (Gorgonocephalidae, Euryalida, Euryophiurida), one of the most common basket star species in Japanese waters, was anatomically and histologically investigated. Results clearly showed the following phases during the arm regeneration: (a) repair phase, (b) early regenerative phase, (c) intermediate regenerative phase, (d) advanced regenerative Phase I, and (e) advanced regenerative Phase II. The morphogenetic process during the arm regeneration in the basket star showed similar patterns to those of nonbranched arms observed in other ophiuroids. However, differences were also seen between the two ophiuroid types, that is, there were some developmental features specific to the basket star. In the early regenerative phase, branching of coelomic cavities was observed prior to the formation of other tissues, probably inducing the later morphogenesis of branched arms. In addition, hard skeletal ossicles form rapidly at the advanced regenerative Phase II. These developmental features may have led the evolution of bizarre morphologies seen in basket stars, probably contributing to the adaptation to shallow waters from deep‐sea habitats.
Oral dysfunctions and cognitive impairment/dementia
Authors: Nakamura Tomohisa , Zou Kun , Shibuya Yasuyuki , Michikawa Makoto 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWith global increases in the aging population, the number of patients with dementia is greatly increasing, which has become a big social problem. Many studies have shown strong associations between oral disorders and systemic disorders, such as diabetes, arthritis, sepsis, aspiration pneumonia, arteriosclerosis, bacterial endocarditis, and other cardiovascular diseases. Similarly, numerous cross‐sectional studies showed that patients with dementia usually have poor oral conditions and tooth loss. These have long been considered as a result of difficulty with oral care due to impaired cognitive function, memory, and physical ability in patients with dementia. Indeed, even in patients with mild cognitive impairment, oral care becomes insufficient owing to decreases in spontaneity of grooming and finger dexterity. However, recent studies have shown that tooth loss and occlusal dysfunction may affect brain function and trigger the onset of dementia found in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we highlight the relationships among aging, oral dysfunction, and the development of dementia. Increasing evidence suggests that oral dysfunction is not only a result of dementia in the elderly people, but could also be a causative factor for the onset of dementia.
A Quantitative Description for Designing the Extrudability of Shear‐Thinning Physical Hydrogels
Authors: Lopez Hernandez Hector , Souza Jason W. , Appel Eric A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPhysically associated hydrogels (PHs) capable of reversible transitions between solid and liquid‐like states have enabled novel strategies for 3D printing, therapeutic drug and cell delivery, and regenerative medicine. Among the many design criteria (e.g., viscoelasticity, cargo diffusivity, biocompatibility) for these applications, engineering PHs for extrudability is a necessary and critical design criterion for the successful application of these materials. As the development of many distinct PH material systems continues, a strategy to determine the extrudability of PHs a priori will be exceedingly useful for reducing costly and time‐consuming trial‐and‐error experimentation. Here, a strategy to determine the property–function relationships for PHs in injectable drug delivery applications at clinically relevant flow rates is presented. This strategy—validated with two chemically and physically distinct PHs—reveals material design spaces in the form of Ashby‐style plots that highlight acceptable, application‐specific material properties. It is shown that the flow behavior of PHs does not obey a single shear‐thinning power law and the implications for injectable drug delivery are discussed. This approach for generating design criteria has potential for streamlining the screening of PHs and their utility in applications with varying geometrical (i.e., needle diameter) and process (i.e., flow rate) constraints.
Activated Carbon Containing PEG‐Based Hydrogels as Novel Candidate Dressings for the Treatment of Malodorous Wounds
Authors: Minsart Manon , Mignon Arn , Arslan Aysu , Allan Iain U. , Van Vlierberghe Sandra , Dubruel Peter 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMalodorous wounds have a detrimental effect on the patient's well‐being. A dressing combining the properties of hydrogels and activated carbon (AC) would be beneficial for the treatment of these wounds, controlling wound exudate while adsorbing malodor‐causing compounds. The present work involves the use of acrylate‐endcapped, urethane‐based precursors (AUPs) and methacrylated alginate (AlgMOD). AUPs are synthesized with a varying poly(ethylene glycol) backbone molar mass (2–20 kg mol−1) to tune mechanical and swelling properties, whereas methacrylated alginate, known for its hemostatic properties, enables chemical cross‐linking. Blends of AUP and AlgMOD with AC are processed into hydrogel sheets and electrospun membranes. The results indicate tunable mechanical (Young's moduli 0.03–0.63 MPa) and swelling properties (2.2–34.9 gwater ) along with high gel fractions (>85%). The sheets are compared with commercial odor‐adsorbing dressings (Carbonet and Carboflex), enabling benchmarking. AUP sheets (8 and 10 kg mol−1) containing 0.5% w/w AC show strong adsorption (>90% after 24 h) of crystal violet. The obtained (core–shell AlgMOD/AUP) fibers are visualized using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Indirect cell tests reveal the developed materials to be biocompatible. In conclusion, a hydrogel‐based odor‐adsorbing wound dressing is successfully synthesized and holds promise for malodorous wound healing.
Proteome profiling and vector yield optimization in a recombinant adeno‐associated virus‐producing yeast model
Authors: Aponte‐Ubillus Juan Jose , Barajas Daniel , Sterling Harry , Aghajanirefah Ali , Bardliving Cameron , Peltier Joseph , Shamlou Parviz , Roy Mimi , Gold Daniel 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTRecent studies on recombinant adeno‐associated viral (rAAV) vector production demonstrated the generation of infectious viral particles in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proof‐of‐concept results showed low vector yields that correlated with low AAV DNA encapsidation rates. In an attempt to understand the host cell response to rAAV production, we profiled proteomic changes throughout the fermentation process by mass spectrometry. By comparing an rAAV‐producing yeast strain with a respective non‐producer control, we identified a subset of yeast host proteins with significantly different expression patterns during the rAAV induction period. Gene ontology enrichment and network interaction analyses identified changes in expression patterns associated mainly with protein folding, as well as amino acid metabolism, gluconeogenesis, and stress response. Specific fold change patterns of heat shock proteins and other stress protein markers suggested the occurrence of a cytosolic unfolded protein response during rAAV protein expression. Also, a correlative increase in proteins involved in response to oxidative stress suggested cellular activities to ameliorate the effects of reactive oxygen species or other oxidants. We tested the functional relevance of the identified host proteins by overexpressing selected protein leads using low‐ and high‐copy number plasmids. Increased vector yields up to threefold were observed in clones where proteins SSA1, SSE1, SSE2, CCP1, GTT1, and RVB2 were overexpressed. Recombinant expression of SSA1 and YDJ insect homologues (HSP40 and HSC70, respectively) in Sf9 cells led to a volumetric vector yield increase of 50% relative to control, which validated the importance of chaperone proteins in rAAV‐producing systems. Overall, these results highlight the utility of proteomic‐based tools for the understanding and optimization of rAAV‐producing recombinant strains.
UV‐induced DNA damage response in blood cells for cancer detection
Authors: Farivar Negin , Roberts Morgan E. , Safaee Ardakani Gholamreza , Black Peter C. , Daugaard Mads , Taghipour Fariborz 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDetection and diagnosis of cancer often require a combination of tests that are inconvenient and invasive for patients. There is therefore a need for new simple non‐invasive tests able to detect cancer at various stages. Here, a novel photochemical assay for cancer detection in liquid biopsies is described. This proof of concept study shows that the response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to light‐emitting diode (LED)‐transmitted UV radiation can be used as an indicator of malignant disease. When exposed to UVB/C radiation, isolated PBMCs from prostate cancer patients presented with an acute dose‐dependent DNA damage response that is distinct from that of PBMCs from healthy individuals. Importantly, this assay achieves sensitivity and specificity comparable to standard methods currently in clinical use. In summary, this work demonstrates that photochemical interrogation of PBMCs from cancer patients can be utilized for detection of malignant diseases. As such, the assay could potentially complement current gold standard cancer detection strategies for the benefit of patients and healthcare economy.
Free extended posterior tibial artery perforator flap with the neurovascular plexus of a saphenous nerve branch for large soft tissue and sensory reconstruction: Anatomic study and clinical application
Authors: Liu Xuanzhe , Sun Yi , Jia Yachao , Hong Sung Min , Xu Jia , Wang Chunyang , Wen Gen , Lineaweaver William C. , Chai Yimin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe posterior tibial artery perforator (PTAP) flap is a useful tool for reconstruction of soft tissue defects in the leg. However, the size and reliability of the flap largely depends on the quality of the perforator by which the flap is supplied, and the sensory recovery of the flap is limited. In this study, the anatomy of the saphenous nerve branches and their accompanying vessels was investigated, and a free extended PTAP flap with the neurovascular plexus of a saphenous nerve branch was designed for large soft tissue and sensory reconstruction in a series of clinical cases.MethodsSixteen adult cadaveric legs perfused with red latex in the femoral artery were dissected. The number and location of the saphenous nerve branches and the features of their accompanying vessels were dissected and studied. From January 2016 to December 2017, six patients with soft tissue defects ranged from 8 × 2.5 cm to 21 × 4 cm were repaired by the free extended PTAP flap. The patients' average age was 48 years. The causes of the defects included machine injuries in three patients and traffic injuries in the other three. The defects located at the hand in three cases, foot in two cases, and ankle in one case. The flap was designed based on the perforators of the posterior tibial artery and included a branch of saphenous nerve. The perforator pedicle and the nerve branch were connected to the vessels and nerve in the recipient site, respectively.ResultsThe saphenous nerve gave off 5.8 ± 1.1 branches, with a relatively constant one issuing 8.1 ± 0.7 cm distal to the medial femoral condyle. Every nerve branch had an accompanying vessel, which connected with the PTAPs and supplied the skin. The size of the flap ranged from 10 × 3.5 cm to 23 × 5 cm. All of the flaps survived completely without complications. Follow‐up varied from 6 to 12 months. All the patients obtained cold/hot sensation and pain sensation. The results of Semmes–Weinstein monofilament test ranged from 4.31(2 g) to 5.46 (26 g), and the 2‐point discrimination test varied from 20 to 35 mm.ConclusionThe free extended PTAP flap, containing the saphenous nerve branch and its accompanying vessels, may be an alternative for large soft tissue reconstruction with improved sensation recovery.