bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supersized Alcopop Consumption Associated With Homelessness and Gang Membership
Authors: Rossheim Matthew E. , Lerch Jennifer A. , Walters Scott T. , Livingston Melvin D. , Taxman Faye S. 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundSupersized alcopops are single‐serving, ready‐to‐drink beverages with very high alcohol content. Research suggests that consumption of these products is especially dangerous. The current study was one of the first to examine individual‐level characteristics associated with recent consumption of supersized alcopops.MethodsAdults on probation (n = 253; 70% male) in Baltimore City, MD, and Dallas, TX, who reported heavy drinking or any illicit drug use completed interviews. Psychosocial scales were drawn from the Criminal Justice Client Evaluation of Self and Treatment Intake. Bivariate analyses were conducted to examine characteristics associated with past 30‐day consumption of supersized alcopops.ResultsPast 30‐day consumption of supersized alcopops was significantly associated with higher scores for hostility and risk‐taking, and lower scores on the self‐esteem scale compared to nonconsumers. Recent consumption of supersized alcopops was also significantly associated with past 30‐day homelessness and current gang affiliation. Among those who did not experience homelessness, 11% consumed supersized alcopops, compared to 30% of those who experienced homelessness. Further, 11% of those who were not gang‐affiliated reported consuming a supersized alcopop within the past 30 days, compared to 57% of those who were gang‐affiliated.DiscussionThis study identifies disparate consumption of dangerous supersized alcopop products by vulnerable and at‐risk groups. Better regulation of supersized alcopop marketing is needed to reduce alcohol consumption among high‐risk groups, including people who are homeless and gang members, and display greater hostility and risk‐taking traits. Previous research suggests that reducing the alcohol by volume and increasing the retail price of supersized alcopops would reduce some of the harms associated with consumption.
Is laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS) for gastric subepithelial tumor at the esophagogastric junction safe?
Authors: Ri Motonari , Nunobe Souya , Makuuchi Rie , Ida Satoshi , Kumagai Koshi , Ohashi Manabu , Sano Takeshi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionWith technique improvements, indications for laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS) for gastric subepithelial tumor (SET) are gradually expanding for tumors technically difficult to resect. However, surgical outcomes of LECS, including for esophagogastric junction (EGJ) tumors requiring advanced skills, remain unknown.MethodsWe reviewed patients in whom LECS had initially been attempted for gastric SET at the Cancer Institute Hospital in Tokyo from June 2006 to May 2018. Indications for LECS at the EGJ have gradually expanded during the study period to include tumors with esophageal invasion up to 2 cm, or less than half the EJG circumference, preoperatively. Surgical outcomes and risk factors for conversion to other procedures were investigated.ResultsTwenty (9.3%) of the 214 total patients had EGJ tumors. Four patients (20%) with EGJ tumors developed postoperative complications (Clavien‐Dindo grade ≥ II). Among 12 patients in whom LECS could be completed for EGJ tumors, only one non‐serious complication occurred. Eight patients required conversion to another operation for EGJ tumors (two laparotomy, six proximal gastrectomy). Among conversion cases with EGJ tumors, anastomotic leakage occurred in both patients undergoing laparotomy after LECS, necessitating additional defect closure. There was only one non‐serious complication in six proximal gastrectomy patients. On multivariate analysis, EGJ tumor was an independent risk factor for conversion to another operation.ConclusionLECS at the EGJ may be a risk factor for conversion operation, and when performing LECS at the EGJ is difficult, conversion to proximal gastrectomy, which can be performed safely, should be considered.
Finite element method for nerve root decompression in minimally invasive endoscopic spinal surgery
Authors: Kitahama Yoshihiro , Ohashi Hiroyuki , Namba Hiroki , Sakai Katsuhiko , Shizuka Hiroo , Miyake Hideaki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionDiagnosis is the key to improving spinal surgery outcomes. Improvements in the diagnosis of radiculopathy have created new indications for full‐endoscopic spine surgery. We assessed the finite element method (FEM) to visualize and digitize lesions not detected by conventional diagnostic imaging.MethodsWe used FEM in two patients: a lumbar patient and a cervical patient. The lumbar patient was a 67‐year‐old woman with a history of rheumatoid arthritis; she also had osteoporosis and pulmonary fibrosis. She had left L3 radiculopathy due to an L3 vertebral fracture. The cervical patient was a 61‐year‐old woman with left C6 radiculopathy due to C5‐C6 disc herniation. We performed full endoscopic foraminotomy per the patients's request. Based on preoperative and postoperative CT Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine data of 0.5‐mm slices, 3‐D imaging data were reproduced, and kinetic simulation of FEM was performed.ResultsPostoperatively, both patients’ radiculopathy disappeared, improving their activities of daily living and enabling them to walk and work. Also, the total contact area and maximum contact pressure of the nerve tissue decreased from 30% to 80% and from 33% to 67%, respectively.ConclusionsA new method for perioperative evaluation and simulation, FEM can be to visualize and digitize the conditions of the lesion causing radiculopathy. FEM that can overcome both time and economic constraints in routine clinical practice is needed.
Epigenetic inactivation of IRX4 is responsible for acceleration of cell growth in human pancreatic cancer
Authors: Chakma Kanchan , Gu Zhaodi , Abudurexiti Yakefujiang , Hata Tatsuo , Motoi Fuyuhiko , Unno Michiaki , Horii Akira , Fukushige Shinichi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEpigenetic gene silencing by aberrant DNA methylation is one of the important mechanisms leading to loss of key cellular pathways in tumorigenesis. Methyl‐CpG‐targeted transcriptional activation (MeTA) reactivates hypermethylation‐mediated silenced genes in a different way from DNA‐demethylating agents. Microarray coupled with MeTA (MeTA‐array) identified seven commonly hypermethylation‐mediated silenced genes in 12 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines. Among these, we focused on IRX4 (Iroquois homeobox 4) because IRX4 is located at chromosome 5p15.33 where PDAC susceptibility loci have been identified through genome‐wide association study. IRX4 was greatly downregulated in all of the analyzed 12 PDAC cell lines by promoter hypermethylation. In addition, the IRX4 promoter region was found to be frequently and specifically hypermethylated in primary resected PDACs (18/28: 64%). Reexpression of IRX4 inhibited colony formation and proliferation in two PDAC cell lines, PK‐1 and PK‐9. In contrast, knockdown of IRX4 accelerated cell proliferation in an IRX4‐expressing normal pancreatic ductal epithelial cell line, HPDE‐1. Because IRX4 is a sequence‐specific transcription factor, downstream molecules of IRX4 were pursued by microarray analyses utilizing tetracycline‐mediated IRX4 inducible PK‐1 and PK‐9 cells; CRYAB, CD69, and IL32 were identified as IRX4 downstream candidate genes. Forced expression of these genes suppressed colony formation abilities for both PK‐1 and PK‐9. These results suggest that DNA methylation‐mediated silencing of IRX4 contributes to pancreatic tumorigenesis through aberrant transcriptional regulation of several cancer‐related genes.
Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B disrupts nasal epithelial barrier integrity
Authors: Martens Katleen , Seys Sven F. , Alpizar Yeranddy A. , Schrijvers Rik , Bullens Dominique M. A. , Breynaert Christine , Lebeer Sarah , Steelant Brecht 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundStaphylococcus aureus colonization and release of enterotoxin B (SEB) has been associated with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). The pathogenic mechanism of SEB on epithelial barriers, however, is largely unexplored.ObjectiveWe investigated the effect of SEB on nasal epithelial barrier function.MethodsSEB was apically administered to air‐liquid interface (ALI) cultures of primary polyp and nasal epithelial cells of CRSwNP patients and healthy controls, respectively. Epithelial cell integrity and tight junction expression were evaluated. The involvement of Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) activation was studied in vitro with TLR2 monoclonal antibodies and in vivo in tlr2−/− knockout mice.ResultsSEB applied to ALI cultures of polyp epithelial cells decreased epithelial cell integrity by diminishing occludin and zonula occludens (ZO)‐1 protein expression. Antagonizing TLR2 prevented SEB‐induced barrier disruption. SEB applied in the nose of control mice increased mucosal permeability and decreased mRNA expression of occludin and ZO‐1, whereas mucosal integrity and tight junction expression remained unaltered in tlr2−/− mice. Furthermore, in vitro SEB stimulation resulted in epithelial production of IL‐6 and IL‐8, which was prevented by TLR2 antagonization.Conclusion & Clinical relevanceSEB damages nasal polyp epithelial cell integrity by triggering TLR2 in CRSwNP. Our results suggest that SEB might represent a driving factor of disease exacerbation, rather than a causal factor for epithelial defects in CRSwNP. Interfering with TLR2 triggering might provide a way to avoid the pathophysiological consequences of S. aureus on inflammation in CRSwNP.
Possible association between early formula and reduced risk of cow’s milk allergy: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Authors: Tezuka Junichiro , Sanefuji Masafumi , Ninomiya Takahito , Kawahara Takahiro , Matsuzaki Hiroshi , Sonoda Yuri , Ogawa Masanobu , Shimono Masayuki , Suga Reiko , Honjo Satoshi , Kusuhara Koichi , Ohga Shouichi ,   The Japan Environment, Children’s Study (JECS) Group
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite evidence for the protective effects of early regular exposure to peanut and egg proteins against allergies, the optimal timing of cow's milk (CM) protein exposure is unknown.ObjectiveWe aimed to determine when during the first year of life CM‐based formula consumption becomes associated with lower CM allergy (CMA) risk.MethodsWe used the data set of the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS), a nationwide birth cohort involving over 100 000 mother‐child pairs. CMA was defined as an allergic reaction to a CM product in an individual not consuming CM products at the time of evaluation, combined with physician‐diagnosed food allergy. For each exposure, we identified when formula milk was commenced, and its consumption status during 0‐3, 3‐6 and 6‐12 months old.ResultsThe prevalence of CMA was 0.23% and 1.03% at 6 and 12 months old, respectively. Multivariable regression analyses revealed that introducing regular consumption of formula within the first 3 months of age was associated with lower risk of CMA at 12 months. Regular consumption at 3‐6 months was strongly associated with a reduction in 12‐month CMA (adjusted relative risks [95% confidence intervals]: 0.22 [0.12‐0.35]), whereas no association was observed at 0‐3 months (1.07 [0.90‐1.27]).Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceRegular exposure to formula milk at age 3 months or older is associated with lower CMA at 12 months old, suggesting that the effect of very early CM exposure on CMA may disappear if the exposure is brief. At present, however, the results of this observational study should not be used for formula recommendation and randomized controlled trials are required to confirm this association.
Outcomes and surgical complications following living‐donor renal transplantation using kidneys retrieved with trans‐peritoneal or retro‐peritoneal hand‐assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy
Authors: Favi Evaldo , Iesari Samuele , Catarsini Nivia , Sivaprakasam Rajesh , Cucinotta Eugenio , Manzia Tommaso , Puliatti Carmelo , Cacciola Roberto 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe best minimally invasive procedure for living‐donor kidney retrieval remains debated. Our objective was to assess trans‐peritoneal (TP) and retro‐peritoneal (RP) hand‐assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (HALDN). In this single‐center retrospective study, we analyzed results from 317 living‐donor renal transplants (RT) performed between 2008 and 2016. Donor and recipient outcomes were compared between TP‐HALDN (n = 235) and RP‐HALDN (n = 82). Conversion to open nephrectomy (0.4% vs 0%;P = 1.000), intra‐operative complications (1.7% vs 1.2%;P = 1.000), and 1‐year overall post‐operative complications (11.9% vs 17.1%;P = .258) rates were similar in TP‐HALDN and RP‐HALDN. Overall surgical site infections were higher in RP‐HALDN (6.1% vs 1.7%;P = .053), whereas incisional hernias were only recorded following TP‐HALDN (3.4% vs 0%;P = .118). The duration of the procedure was 11‐minute shorter for TP‐HALDN than RP‐HALDN (P < .001) but extraction time was equivalent (2, IQR 1.5‐2.5 minutes;P = 1.000). RT following TP‐HALDN and RP‐HALDN showed comparable one‐year death‐censored allograft survival (97% vs 98.8%;P = .685), primary non‐function (0.4% vs 0%;P = .290), delayed graft function (1.3% vs 4.9%;P = .077), and urological complications (2.6% vs 4.9%;P = .290) rates. In our series, donor and recipient outcomes were not substantially affected by the approach used for donor nephrectomy. TP‐HALDN and RP‐HALDN were both safe and effective.
Polygenic risk heterogeneity among focal epilepsies
Authors: Gramm Marie , Leu Costin , Pérez‐Palma Eduardo , Ferguson Lisa , Jehi Lara , Daly Mark J. , Najm Imad M. , Busch Robyn M. , Lal Dennis 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFocal epilepsy (FE) is clinically highly heterogeneous. It has been shown recently that not only rare but also a subset of common genetic variants confer risk for FE. The relatively modest power of genetic studies in FE suggests a high genetic heterogeneity of FE when grouped as one disorder. We hypothesize that the clinical heterogeneity of FE is correlated with genetic heterogeneity on a common risk variant level. To test the hypothesis, we used an FE polygenic risk score “FE‐PRS” that combines small effect sizes of thousands of common variants from the largest FE‐GWAS (genome‐wide association study) into a single measure. We grouped 414 individuals with FE according to common clinical features into subgroups, either by one feature at a time or by all features combined in a cluster analysis. We examined their association with FE‐PRS compared to 20 435 matched population controls and observed heterogeneous FE‐PRS burden among the subgroups. The highest phenotypic variance explained by FE‐PRS was identified in a cluster analysis–defined FE subgroup where all individuals had unknown etiologies and psychiatric comorbidities, and the majority had early onset seizures. Our results indicate that genetic factors associated with FE have differential burden among FE subtypes. Future studies using better‐powered FE‐PRS might have clinical utility.
The combined use of salivary biomarkers and clinical parameters to predict the outcome of scaling and root planing: A cohort study
Authors: Liu Yiying , Duan Dingyu , Ma Rui , Ding Yi , Xu Yi , Zhou Xuedong , Zhao Lei , Xu Xin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo explore the application of the combined use of baseline salivary biomarkers and clinical parameters in predicting the outcome of scaling and root planing (SRP).Materials and methodsForty patients with advanced periodontitis were included. Baseline saliva samples were analysed for interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), matrix metalloproteinase‐8 and the loads of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Tannerella forsythia. After SRP, pocket closure and further attachment loss at 6 months post‐treatment were chosen as outcome variables. Models to predict the outcomes were established by generalized estimating equations.ResultsThe combined use of baseline clinical attachment level (CAL), site location and IL‐1β (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.764) better predicted pocket closure than probing depth (AUC = 0.672), CAL (AUC = 0.679), site location (AUC = 0.654) or IL‐1β (AUC = 0.579) alone. The combination of site location, tooth loss, percentage of deep pockets, detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans and T. forsythia load (AUC = 0.842) better predicted further clinical attachment loss than site location (AUC = 0.715), tooth loss (AUC = 0.530), percentage of deep pockets (AUC = 0.659) or T. forsythia load (AUC = 0.647) alone.ConclusionThe combination of baseline salivary biomarkers and clinical parameters better predicted SRP outcomes than each alone. The current study indicates the possible usefulness of salivary biomarkers in addition to tooth‐related parameters in predicting SRP outcomes.
De‐mystifying the “Mixifusor”
Authors: Absalom Anthony R. , Rigby‐Jones Ann E. , Rushton Andrew R. , Robert Sneyd J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTotal intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) using a mixture of propofol and remifentanil in the same syringe has become an accepted technique in Pediatric Anesthesia. A survey by a group of respected UK anesthetists demonstrated a low incidence of serious complications, related to the pharmacology and dose of the drugs. However, a current guideline for the safe use of TIVA recommends against this practice. Pharmaceutical concerns include the physical stability of the emulsion when remifentanil is mixed with propofol; changes in drug concentration over time; nonuniform mixing of propofol and remifentanil; the risk of bacterial contamination; and the potential for drug administration errors. Propofol and remifentanil have markedly different pharmacokinetic profiles. When remifentanil is mixed with propofol and delivered as a target‐controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol, remifentanil delivery is not target‐controlled but passively follows the variable infusion rates calculated by the syringe driver to deliver predicted plasma or effect‐site concentrations of propofol. The pharmacokinetic consequences can be illustrated using pharmacokinetic modeling similar to that used in TCI pumps. The clinical consequences reflect the dose‐dependent pharmacodynamics of remifentanil. Increasing the target propofol concentration produces a rapid increase and peak in remifentanil concentration that risks apnea, bradycardia, and hypotension, especially with higher concentrations of remifentanil. The faster decline in remifentanil concentration with falling propofol concentrations risks inadequate narcosis and unwanted responses to surgical stimuli. Remifentanil delivery is inflexible and dosing cannot be adjusted to the clinical need and responses of individual patients. The medicolegal considerations are stark. In UK and EU Law, mixing propofol and remifentanil creates a new, unlicensed drug and the person mixing takes on the responsibilities of manufacturer. If a patient receiving anesthesia in the form of a mixed propofol‐remifentanil infusion suffered a critical incident or actual harm, the clinician's practice may come under scrutiny and criticism, potentially involving a legal challenge and the Medical Regulator.
Arthroscopic removal of a solitary osteochondroma interfering with the podotrochlear apparatus in a foal
Authors: Ysebaert Machiel P. , Johnson Jessica P. , Abbas Ghazanfar , Cavalcante Paulo Henrique , King Rodney , Oikawa Masa , Puchalski Sarah , David Florent 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo report the diagnostics, surgical treatment, and outcome of a juvenile foal with solitary osteochondroma (SO) interfering with the podotrochlear apparatus.Study designCase reportAnimalOne 36‐day‐old Arabian colt.MethodsClinical, radiographic, ultrasonographic, computed tomographic, and histopathologic examinations were required to characterize and treat an SO located at the palmar aspect of the diaphysis of the second phalanx of the left forelimb. This SO caused severe distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) inflammation, marked interference with the podotrochlear apparatus, and associated lameness.ResultsDespite the small size of the foal's foot, complete resection of the SO was possible via palmar DIPJ arthroscopy by using motorized equipment. Full resolution of the lameness was achieved within 3 months of surgery.ConclusionAtypical SO located on the palmar aspect of the second phalanx can cause marked nonseptic inflammation of the DIPJ and interference with the podotrochlear apparatus and should be considered among the differential diagnoses for severe lameness in juvenile foals. Arthroscopic resection of the SO led to an excellent outcome.
Analysis and Control of an In-Pipe Wheeled Robot With Spiral Moving Capability
Authors: Yeh T.-J. , Weng Tzu-Hsiang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article presents analysis and control of a wheeled robot that can move spirally inside the pipeline. The wheeled robot considered is composed of two mechanical bodies, a pair of differential-drive wheels, a lifting motor, and a steering wheel. The mechatronic design allows the robot to easily press against the inner wall and spiral along pipelines of arbitrary inclination angles. Kinematic analysis shows how the lead angle of the differential-drive wheels and the steering angle should be coordinated so as to achieve stable spiraling. The steady-state force analysis further gives an analytic expression for the threshold torque needed for supporting the robot at different inclination angles. To ensure successful operation of the robot, four control systems that respectively regulate the spiraling speed, the lifting torque, the steering angle, and the lead angle are devised. Particularly for the lead angle control, it is theoretically proved that the feedback measurement can be obtained by performing algebraic operation on signals from a multi-axis gyro. A prototype robot is constructed and is controlled based on the analysis results. Experiments are conducted to verify the robot’s performance on moving spirally in pipelines of different inclination angles.
A Newly Designed ZnO/CdS/CuO:Co Solar Cell and Its Performance
Authors: Nkhaili L. , El Aakib H. , Liang C.-T. , Narjis A. , AitDads H. , El Kissani A. , Outzourhit A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a ZnO/CdS/CuO:Co solar cell was prepared on a glass/indium oxide (ITO) substrate. First, we use RF-sputtering to deposit the window (ZnO) layer by optimizing the oxygen pressure while keeping the RF power at 200 W. Fourier transform infrared and X-ray reflectometry spectra were carried out, and it is found that 30% of O2 is the optimal percentage to obtain the best density and the best refractive index for the ZnO layer. The CdS layer was then deposited by the sol–gel method to align the energy bands, and a layer of CuO:Co with a thickness of 750 nm was deposited, also by reactive RF-sputtering technique. Finally, the electrical contacts were made by depositing circular silver electrodes. The obtained photovoltaic activity of device confirms that the aforementioned method is promising for further future optimizations.