bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community composition of arctic root-associated fungi mirrors host plant phylogeny
Authors: Botnen S S , Thoen E , Eidesen P B , Krabberød A K , Kauserud H 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThe number of plant species regarded as non-mycorrhizal increases at higher latitudes, and several plant species in the High-Arctic Archipelago Svalbard have been reported as non-mycorrhizal. We used the rRNA ITS2 and 18S gene markers to survey which fungi, as well as other micro-eukaryotes, were associated with roots of 31 arctic plant species not usually regarded as mycorrhizal in Svalbard. We assessed to what degree the root-associated fungi showed any host preference and whether the phylogeny of the plant hosts may mirror the composition of root-associated fungi. Fungal communities were largely structured according to host plant identity and to a less extent by environmental factors. We observed a positive relationship between the phylogenetic distance of host plants and the distance of fungal community composition between samples, indicating that the evolutionary history of the host plants plays a major role for which fungi colonize the plant roots. In contrast to the ITS2 marker, the 18S rRNA gene marker showed that chytrid fungi were prevalently associated with plant roots, together with a wide spectrum of amoeba-like protists and nematodes. Our study confirms that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are present also in arctic environments in low abundance.
Strengthening the TCA cycle to alleviate metabolic stress due to blocking by-products synthesis pathway in Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Xie Mengmeng , Lu Xinyao , Zong Hong , Zhuge Bin 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PDO) is an important synthetic monomer for the production of polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT). Here, we engineered Klebsiella pneumoniae by a multi-strategy to improve 1,3-PDO production and reduce by-products synthesis. First, the 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) synthesis pathway was blocked by deleting the budB gene, resulting in a 74% decrease of 2,3-BDO titer. The synthesis of lactate was decreased by 79% via deleting the ldhA gene, leading to a 10% increase of 1,3-PDO titer. Further, reducing ethanol synthesis by deleting the aldA gene led to a 64% decrease of ethanol titer, and the 1,3-PDO titer and yield on glycerol increased by 12 and 10%, respectively. Strengthening the TCA cycle by overexpressing the mdh gene improved 1,3-PDO synthesis effectively. Under 5-L fed-batch fermentation conditions, compared to wild type strain, the production of 2,3-BDO, lactate and ethanol in the mutant strain decreased by 73, 65 and 50%, respectively. Finally, the production of 1,3-PDO was 73.5 g/L with a molar yield of 0.67 mol/mol glycerol, improved 16% and 20%, respectively. This work provides a combined strategy for improving 1,3-PDO production by strengthening the TCA cycle to relieve metabolic stress by deleting genes of by-products synthesis, which was also beneficial for the extraction and separation of downstream products.
Coexpression Clusters and Allele-Specific Expression in Metabolism-Based Herbicide Resistance
Authors: Giacomini Darci A , Patterson Eric L , Küpper Anita , Beffa Roland , Gaines Todd A , Tranel Patrick J 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the last decade, Amaranthus tuberculatus has evolved resistance to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitors in multiple states across the midwestern United States. Two populations resistant to both mode-of-action groups, one from Nebraska (NEB) and one from Illinois (CHR), were studied using an RNA-seq approach on F2 mapping populations to identify the genes responsible for resistance. Using both an A. tuberculatus transcriptome assembly and a high-quality grain amaranth (A. hypochondriacus) genome as references, differential transcript and gene expression analyses were conducted to identify genes that were significantly over- or underexpressed in resistant plants. When these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mapped on the A. hypochondriacus genome, physical clustering of the DEGs was apparent along several of the 16 A. hypochondriacus scaffolds. Furthermore, single-nucleotide polymorphism calling to look for resistant-specific (R) variants, and subsequent mapping of these variants, also found similar patterns of clustering. Specifically, regions biased toward R alleles overlapped with the DEG clusters. Within one of these clusters, allele-specific expression of cytochrome P450 81E8 was observed for 2,4-D resistance in both the CHR and NEB populations, and phylogenetic analysis indicated a common evolutionary origin of this R allele in the two populations.
Memory and Personality Development in Adulthood: Evidence From Four Longitudinal Studies
Authors: Stephan Yannick , Sutin Angelina R , Luchetti Martina , Terracciano Antonio 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Personality traits have been related to concurrent memory performance. Most studies, however, have focused on personality as a predictor of memory; comparatively less is known about whether memory is related to personality development across adulthood. Using 4 samples, the present study tests whether memory level and change are related to personality change in adulthood.

Method
Participants were drawn from 2 waves of the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study Graduates (WLSG; N = 3,232, mean age = 64.28, SD = 0.65) and Wisconsin Longitudinal Study Siblings (WLSS; N = 1,570, mean age = 63.52, SD = 6.69) samples, the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS; N = 1,901, mean age = 55.43, SD = 10.98), and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; N = 6,038, mean age = 65.47, SD = 8.28). Immediate and delayed recall and the 5 major personality traits were assessed at baseline and follow-up.

Results
There was heterogeneity in the associations across samples. A meta-analysis of latent change in the four samples indicated that lower baseline memory performance was related to an increase in neuroticism (B = −0.002; 95% CI = −0.004, −0.0008) and a decrease in agreeableness (B = 0.004; 95% CI = 0.002, 0.007) and conscientiousness (B = 0.005; 95% CI = 0.0008, 0.010). In addition, declines in memory were related to steeper declines in extraversion (B = 0.06; 95% CI = 0.003, 0.11), openness (B = 0.04; 95% CI = 0.007, 0.069), and conscientiousness (B = 0.05; 95% CI = 0.019, 0.09).

Discussion
The present study indicates that poor memory and declines in memory over time are related to maladaptive personality change. These associations, however, were small and inconsistent across samples.
Bigness, Brilliance, theBuddhi, and theBrāhmaṇyaYoked-Up King
Authors: Robertson Matthew 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Udyoga parvan’s framing narrative about Indra, Viśvarūpa, Vṛtra, and Nahuṣa is crafted to facilitate the translation of the Vedic paradigm of sovereignty into a sāṃkhya-yoga idiom. This essay reads the ‘The Victory of Indra’ as a rhetorical device that introduces a correlation between a sovereign’s bigness and brilliance—key metrics of Vedic sovereignty—and his buddhi. Through the practice of sensory restraint and (or as a kind of) brahmacarya, the Udyoga’s sovereign swells his buddhi to a point of identification with the comprehensive greatness of his realm. He further wards off mental/consumptive afflictions like distraction, lust, or pride, sustaining his rule through the vigilant observance of a brahman-centred habit. As a result, his buddhi is like a well-fed fire whose light comprehends the realm that he thereby rules with the clear understanding of the stable, expansive, and dharma-aligned force of brahman.
Institutional Mechanisms for Local Sustainability Collaboration: Assessing the Duality of Formal and Informal Mechanisms in Promoting Collaborative Processes
Authors: Park Angela Y S , Krause Rachel M , Hawkins Christopher V 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
To address complex and cross-cutting policy problems, multiple independent administrative units within an organization often work together to accomplish a larger objective. Within local governments, doing this requires administrative mechanisms able to facilitate interdepartmental collaboration, through which the efforts of individual units contribute to city-wide policy goals. Research increasingly finds that informal elements of collaboration, such as casual communications, ad hoc meetings, and voluntary working groups, are important for building strong and trusting collaborative ties. Conversely, a nontrivial number of studies also suggest that formal mechanisms, such as mandates, rules, and authority, are necessary for ensuring and sustaining credible commitment over time. This research empirically examines the types of coordination mechanisms employed by US local governments to promote intragovernmental efforts to collaborate around the issue of sustainability—a complex and broad objective that transcends city departments’ traditional boundaries. It particularly focuses on assessing the relative contributions of formal and informal mechanisms toward achieving that end. Results from structural equation modeling analyses of 506 city governments indicate that informal mechanisms are positively and significantly associated with promoting cross-departmental collaboration. Interestingly, the results further show that formal mechanisms, while lacking a direct association with collaboration, have important implications for facilitating collaborative processes indirectly through their influence on informal mechanisms. Overall, our findings suggest a critical need for balancing the two approaches when forging interdepartmental collaboration. Implications for policy and future research are also discussed.
Heavy Exposure of Children Aged 9–12 Years With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Did Not Lead to Infection
Authors: Schmidt Enno , Steinhagen Katja , Rupp Jan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe reason for the apparently lower infection rate of children with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) compared to adults is still unclear. Here, we report on 4 schoolchildren with heavy exposure to SARS-CoV-2 with no clinical signs of coronavirus disease 2019, repeated negative nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, and no seroconversion.
Sterility of gamma-irradiated pathogens: a new mathematical formula to calculate sterilizing doses
Authors: Singleton Eve V , David Shannon C , Davies Justin B , Hirst Timothy R , Paton James C , Beard Michael R , Hemmatzadeh Farhid , Alsharifi Mohammed 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In recent years there has been increasing advocacy for highly immunogenic gamma-irradiated vaccines, several of which are currently in clinical or pre-clinical trials. Importantly, various methods of mathematical modelling and sterility testing are employed to ensure sterility. However, these methods are designed for materials with a low bioburden, such as food and pharmaceuticals. Consequently, current methods may not be reliable or applicable to estimate the irradiation dose required to sterilize microbiological preparations for vaccine purposes, where bioburden is deliberately high. In this study we investigated the applicability of current methods to calculate the sterilizing doses for different microbes. We generated inactivation curves that demonstrate single-hit and multiple-hit kinetics under different irradiation temperatures for high-titre preparations of pathogens with different genomic structures. Our data demonstrate that inactivation of viruses such as Influenza A virus, Zika virus, Semliki Forest virus and Newcastle Disease virus show single-hit kinetics following exposure to gamma-irradiation. In contrast, rotavirus inactivation shows multiple-hit kinetics and the sterilizing dose could not be calculated using current mathematical methods. Similarly, Streptococcus pneumoniae demonstrates multiple-hit kinetics. These variations in killing curves reveal an important gap in current mathematical formulae to determine sterility assurance levels. Here we propose a simple method to calculate the irradiation dose required for a single log10 reduction in bioburden (D10) value and sterilizing doses, incorporating both single- and multiple-hit kinetics, and taking into account the possible existence of a resistance shoulder for some pathogens following exposure to gamma-irradiation.
Endoscopic discectomy and debridement for a patient with spondylodiscitis caused by Granulicatella adiacens following mitral valve repair: a case report
Authors: Kuo Ming-Chi , Tsai Jui-Chang , Tsuang Fon-Yih 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We present the case of 40-year-old female patient had severe low back pain after robotic mitral valve repair for chordae tendineae rupture of anterior mitral leaflet. Lumbar-spine magnetic resonance imaging and blood culture diagnosed with Granulicatella adiacens spondylodiscitis at L5-S1, which was successfully treated with percutaneous spine endoscopic debridement and prolonged antimicrobial treatment. Early isolation and treatment of pathogens may decrease the need for surgical intervention with rapid recovery and a shorter duration of hospitalization. We should be aware of the diagnosis of spondylodiscitis when a patient has low back pain with a previous cardiac or dental procedure history. Endoscopic discectomy with debridement is a minimally invasive, safe, direct visualization and effective approach for treatment of infectious spondylodiscitis and is beneficial for symptom relief.
Delayed mesh infection and mesh penetrating the transverse colon and small intestine after abdominal incisional hernia repair
Authors: Tomioka Kodai , Fujioka Toshihiro , Satoh Tohru , Makita Hidetoshi , Tsukui Rika , Aoki Takeshi , Murakami Masahiko 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe occurrence of late-onset mesh infection and mesh invasion into the intestine after abdominal incisional hernia repair is extremely rare. Herein, we describe the first case of late-onset mesh infection and mesh penetrating the transverse colon and small intestine 5 years after incisional hernia repair using an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene mesh. The symptom was drainage from the reddish wound, and computed tomography scan revealed intestinal prolapse with local wall thickening. The mesh removal and small intestine and colon resection were conducted because the small intestine and transverse colon formed a mass containing the mesh inside. The events were caused by the lack of mesh fixation, and the dislodged mesh penetrating the intestinal tract caused the infection. For mesh infections in which conservative treatment is not effective, mesh removal and organ excision should not be delayed regardless whether there is a strong adhesion of the abdominal cavity.
Use of face masks and other personal preventive measures by Hajj pilgrims and their impact on health problems during the Hajj
Authors: Alasmari Abrar K , Edwards Phil J , Assiri Abdullah M , Behrens Ronald H , Bustinduy Amaya L 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
The Hajj is one of the world’s largest pilgrimage and gathers millions of Muslims from different nationalities every year. Communicable diseases have been reported frequently, during and following the Hajj, and these have been linked to individual behavioural measures. This study aimed to measure the effect of personal preventive measures, such as face mask use, hand hygiene and others, adopted by pilgrims in reducing the acquisition of infectious diseases.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study at the Hajj terminal in King Abdulaziz International Airport in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Pilgrims were approached in the airport lounges after the 2017 Hajj season and prior to the departure of their flights from Jeddah to their home countries. An electronic data collection tool (‘Open Data Kit’) was used to gather survey data in regards to health problems and preventive measures during the Hajj.

Results
A total of 2973 Hajj pilgrims were surveyed. In all, 38.7% reported symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and 5.4% reported symptoms of travel diarrhoea. Compliance with face mask use was 50.2%. Changing a face mask every 4 h was found to be significantly associated with lower prevalence of URTIs [adjusted odds ratio 0.56 (95% confidence interval 0.34–0.92), P = 0.02]. There was no statistical difference between overall face mask use and URTI acquisition. The main sources of food, eating raw vegetables/food, frequency of hand washing or use of hand sanitizers were not found to be significantly associated with reported travellers’ diarrhoea. Unlicensed barbers were used by 12% of pilgrims and 9.2% of pilgrims reported using blades that were reused by other pilgrims.

Conclusion
Preventive measures are the most effective way to prevent infections. Pilgrims can benefit from face masks by changing them frequently. There is still limited information on the effect of the use of face mask in decreasing the risk of URTI in mass gatherings.
Four Uses of Tao in the Chinese Translation of the Psalms and the New Testament: On John C.H. Wu’s Shengyong Yiyi Chugao and Xinjing Quanji
Authors: Ren Xiankai 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
As a distinguished jurist and prolific scholar in the Republic of China, one of John C.H. Wu’s highest achievements was his Chinese translation of the Psalms and the New Testament. This article focuses on his use of the Chinese word Tao, presenting four examples from Wu’s Shengyong Yiyi Chugao and Xinjing Quanji to show how it was used to interpret different Christian concepts. The article concludes by exploring the reasons for Wu’s translation strategy and considers his proposition that Christianity is neither Eastern nor Western but goes beyond both.
Integration of bio-inspired lanthanide-transition metal cluster and P-doped carbon nitride for efficient photocatalytic overall water splitting
Authors: Chen Rong , Zhuang Gui-Lin , Wang Zhi-Ye , Gao Yi-Jing , Li Zhe , Wang Cheng , Zhou Yang , Du Ming-Hao , Zeng Suyuan , Long La-Sheng , Kong Xiang-Jian , Zheng Lan-Sun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Photosynthesis in nature uses the Mn4CaO5 cluster as the oxygen-evolving center to catalyze the water oxidation efficiently in photosystem II. Herein, we demonstrate bio-inspired heterometallic LnCo3 (Ln = Nd, Eu and Ce) clusters, which can be viewed as synthetic analogs of the CaMn4O5 cluster. Anchoring LnCo3 on phosphorus-doped graphitic carbon nitrides (PCN) shows efficient overall water splitting without any sacrificial reagents. The NdCo3/PCN-c photocatalyst exhibits excellent water splitting activity and a quantum efficiency of 2.0% at 350 nm. Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy revealed the transfer of a photoexcited electron and hole into the PCN and LnCo3 for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions, respectively. A density functional theory (DFT) calculation showed the cooperative water activation on lanthanide and O−O bond formation on transition metal for water oxidation. This work not only prepares a synthetic model of a bio-inspired oxygen-evolving center but also provides an effective strategy to realize light-driven overall water splitting.
EVALUATION OF IRRADIATION DOSES DELIVERED TO PATIENTS IN COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY EXAMINATIONS IN 10 RADIOLOGY DEPARTMENTS IN DOUALA-CAMEROON
Authors: Mokubangele Celestin Mpeke , Ebongue Alexandre Ngwa , Ouogue Francisse , Bongue Daniel , Moifo Boniface 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) scan is currently the most irradiating radio diagnostic procedure for the patients. The effective dose delivered by a CT-scan exploration corresponds to 1–20 years of natural irradiation of an individual. Hence, there is need to evaluate this medical exposure, in order to provide indicators and propose guidelines for its daily practice. The purpose of this work was to assess patient exposure levels due to CT-scan exams and propose a local diagnostic reference levels for the most common CT examinations performed in the radiology units of Douala/Cameroon. Data from 1775 CT scans, amongst which 10 different types of common CT examinations on adults and children, were collected, of which 1378 were adult CT scans and 397 were pediatric CT scans. The dose-length product (DLP) values in the adult population for head, abdomen–pelvic and lumber spine CT scans were high as compared to the Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety recommendations and previous local DRL with an increase of 36, 15 and 23%, respectively. A general decrease of the DLP for CT-scans examinations in the pediatric population was observed.
From unloading to trimming: studying bruising in individual slaughter cattle
Authors: Kline Helen C , Weller Zachary D , Grandin Temple , Algino Ryan J , Edwards-Callaway Lily N 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLivestock bruising is both an animal welfare concern and a detriment to the economic value of carcasses. Understanding the causes of bruising is challenging due to the numerous factors that have been shown to be related to bruise prevalence. While most cattle bruising studies collect and analyze data on truckload lots of cattle, this study followed a large number (n = 585) of individual animals from unloading through postmortem processing at five different slaughter plants. Both visual bruise presence and location was recorded postmortem prior to carcass trimming. By linking postmortem data to animal sex, breed, trailer compartment, and traumatic events at unloading, a rich analysis of a number of factors related to bruise prevalence was developed. Results showed varying levels of agreement with other published bruising studies, underscoring the complexity of assessing the factors that affect bruising. Bruising prevalence varied across different sex class types (P &lt; 0.001); 36.5% of steers [95% confidence interval (CI): 31.7, 41.6; n = 378], 52.8% of cows (45.6, 60.0; 193), and 64.3% of bulls (no CI calculated due to sample size; 14) were bruised. There was a difference in bruise prevalence by trailer compartment (P = 0.035) in potbelly trailers, indicating that cattle transported in the top deck were less likely to be bruised (95% CI: 26.6, 40.4; n = 63) compared to cattle that were transported in the bottom deck (95% CI: 39.6, 54.2; n = 89). Results indicated that visual assessment of bruising underestimated carcass bruise trimming. While 42.6% of the carcasses were visibly bruised, 57.9% of carcasses were trimmed due to bruising, suggesting that visual assessment is not able to capture all of the carcass loss associated with bruising. Furthermore, bruises that appeared small visually were often indicators of larger, subsurface bruising, creating an “iceberg effect” of trim loss due to bruising.