bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of tuberculin skin test for isoniazid prophylaxis in BCG vaccinated children who are using anti‐TNF agents for rheumatologic diseases
Authors: Kilinc Ayse Ayzit , Onal Pinar , Oztosun Berrak , Yildiz Mehmet , Adrovic Amra , Sahin Sezgin , Barut Kenan , Cokugras Haluk , Kasapcopur Ozgur 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe use of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (anti‐TNF) has a risk of activating latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). This study was performed to investigate LTBI according to tuberculin skin test (TST) size and to determine the frequency of tuberculosis (TB) in bacillus Calmette‐Guerin (BCG)‐vaccinated children receiving anti‐TNF treatment for rheumatological disease.Materials and MethodsThe study consisted of 559 children. Information on demographics, anti‐TNF agents, TST size, and isoniazid (INH) prophylaxis was recorded. Patients (n = 254) with TST size ≥5 mm were divided into three groups according to TST size and INH prophylaxis: group 1, TST size 5 to 9 mm and no INH prophylaxis; group 2, TST size 5 to 9 mm with INH prophylaxis; and group 3, TST size ≥10 mm with INH prophylaxis.ResultsThe 559 patients comprised 314 (56.3%) females and 245 (43.6%) males; they had a mean age of 13.1 ± 4.1 years. The mean TST size in all patients was 4.2 ± 4.7 mm. Group 1 consisted of 76 (29.9%) patients, group 2 consisted of 88 (34.6%) patients, and group 3 consisted of 90 (35.4%) patients. The mean TST sizes for the three groups were 6.8 ± 3.1 mm, 7.2 ± 3.2 mm, and 13.9 ± 2.8 mm, respectively. New TB was diagnosed in only two (0.35%) patients. Both of them were in group 3.ConclusionsA TST size of ≥10 mm in BCG‐vaccinated children receiving anti‐TNF treatment may distinguish children at high risk for reactivation of LTBI.
Study of Maximum Pressure Rise with Erosive Burning in Multi‐Grain Tubular Solid Propellant
Authors: Ropia Balesh , Upadhyay Jayesh , Kalal Rakesh , Shekhar Himanshu , Thakur Dinesh G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the present study, the mathematical prediction with the Paul‐Mukunda model is carried out for maximum pressure rise with erosive burning in multi‐grain solid rocket propellant. For this study, a cluster of 7 tubular solid double‐base propellant grains is selected. The erosive burning model has given a fair idea of the maximum pressure rise in rocket motors. The maximum pressure rise due to the erosive burning effect is quite a lot higher than without the erosive burning effect. The erosive burning model helps in studying maximum pressure rise for various configurations of propellant grains. It is found that lowering the outer diameter (OD) of propellant grains is giving low maximum pressure in rocket motor in comparison to increasing the inner diameter (ID) of propellant grains. Ap/At (port area to throat area) ratio is maintained same for both the cases. Although in both the cases predicted maximum flow velocity of propellant gases is almost same. It shows that keeping the same Ap/At ratio and erosive burning effect, the maximum pressure is reduced significantly by lowering OD of propellant grains than increasing the ID of the propellant grains in rocket motor. This study will help to reduce the maximum pressure rise in rocket motors for safe working.
Model‐based process capability indices: The dry‐etching semiconductor case study
Authors: Borgoni Riccardo , Zappa Diego 
Published: July 2020

AbstractProcess capability indices are widely used to check quality standards both at the production level and for business activity. They consider the location and the deviation from specification limits and targets. The literature contains many contributions on this topic both in the univariate and the multivariate context. Motivated by a real semiconductor case study, we discuss the role of rational subgroups and the challenge they present in the computation of capability indices, especially when data refer to lots of products. In addition, our context involves a mix of problems: unilateral specification limit, nonsymmetric distribution of the data, evidence of data from a mixture of distributions, and the need to filter one component of the mixture. After solving the previous issues and because of the peculiar characteristics of semiconductor processes based on the so called “wafers,” we contribute to the literature a proposal on how to compute capability indices in the case of heteroscedastic spatial processes. With a generalized additive model, we show that it is possible to estimate a capability surface that allows the identification of regions expected to not be fully compliant with the desired quality standards.
De Sitter diagrammar and the resummation of time
Authors: Baumgart Matthew , Sundrum Raman 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Light scalars in inflationary spacetimes suffer from logarithmic infrared divergences at every order in perturbation theory. This corresponds to the scalar field values in different Hubble patches undergoing a random walk of quantum fluctuations, leading to a simple toy “landscape” on superhorizon scales, in which we can explore questions relevant to eternal inflation. However, for a sufficiently long period of inflation, the infrared divergences appear to spoil computability. Some form of renormalization group approach is thus motivated to resum the log divergences of conformal time. Such a resummation may provide insight into De Sitter holography. We present here a novel diagrammatic analysis of these infrared divergences and their resummation. Basic graph theory observations and momen- tum power counting for the in-in propagators allow a simple and insightful determination of the leading-log contributions. One thus sees diagrammatically how the superhorizon sector consists of a semiclassical theory with quantum noise evolved by a first-order, interacting classical equation of motion. This rigorously leads to the “Stochastic Inflation” ansatz developed by Starobinsky to cure the scalar infrared pathology nonperturbatively. Our approach is a controlled approximation of the underlying quantum field theory and is systematically improvable.
Gaining traction: on the convergence of an inner approximation scheme for probability maximization
Authors: Fábián Csaba I. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe analyze an inner approximation scheme for probability maximization. The approach was proposed in Fábián et al. (Acta Polytech Hung 15:105–125, 2018), as an analogue of a classic dual approach in the handling of probabilistic constraints. Even a basic implementation of the maximization scheme proved usable and endured noise in gradient computations without any special effort. Moreover, the speed of convergence was not affected by approximate computation of test points. This robustness was then explained in an idealized setting. Here we work out convergence proofs and efficiency arguments for a nondegenerate normal distribution. The main message of the present paper is that the procedure gains traction as an optimal solution is approached.
Erratum to: The Role of CARD9 in Metabolic Diseases
Authors: Tian Cheng , Tuo Ya-li , Lu Yi , Xu Chuan-rui , Xiang Ming 
Published: July 2020

The article “The Role of CARD9 in Metabolic Diseases”, written by Cheng TIAN, Ya-li TUO, Yi LU, Chuan-rui XU, Ming XIANG, was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal on May 2020 without open access. With the author(s)’ decision to opt for Open Choice, the copyright of the article is changed to © The Author(s) 2020 and the article is forthwith distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.The original article has been corrected.
Phenotypes of BPS/IC
Authors: Malde Sachin , Sahai Arun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The aim of this review is to summarise the latest research related to different phenotypes of BPS/IC, addressing the evidence for current well-defined phenotypes as well as identifying novel potential phenotypes and highlighting areas for future study.

Recent Findings
Two distinct phenotypes of BPS/IC are well-recognised: Hunner’s lesion disease and non-Hunner’s lesion BPS/IC. Recent studies have shown these phenotypes exhibit distinct clinical, pathological and cystoscopic features, and targeted treatment to Hunner’s lesions can prove effective. Recent studies have also identified new potential phenotypes based on biochemical, molecular and histological markers, pathophysiological mechanisms of disease, clinical features, cystoscopic findings, radiological features and urodynamic factors. This evidence has improved our understanding of the underlying mechanism of disease and may enable more personalised and targeted therapy in the future.

Summary
Novel phenotypes of BPS/IC relate to the presence of certain biomarkers, alterations in the urinary microbiome, the characteristics of pain and presence of co-existing somatic and psychosocial conditions, altered patterns of brain white matter changes and urodynamic features. Further study is required to evaluate whether these potential phenotypes are clinically useful based on their ability to guide treatment selection and predict outcome from therapy, and therefore optimise therapeutic outcomes.
Mechanical Reperfusion Following Prolonged Global Cerebral Ischemia Attenuates Brain Injury
Authors: Lindblom Rickard P. F. , Tovedal Thomas , Norlin Bo , Hillered Lars , Englund Elisabet , Thelin Stefan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrevious experiments demonstrated improved outcome following prolonged cerebral ischemia given controlled brain reperfusion using extracorporeal circulation. The current study further investigates this. Young adult pigs were exposed to 30 min of global normothermic cerebral ischemia, achieved through intrathoracic clamping of cerebral arteries, followed by 20 min of isolated mechanical brain reperfusion. Leukocyte-filtered blood was delivered by a roller-pump at fixed pressure and flow. One experimental group additionally had a custom-made buffer solution delivered at 1:8 ratio with the blood. Hemodynamics including intracranial pressure were monitored. Blood gases were from peripheral arteries and the sagittal sinus, and intraparenchymal brain microdialysis was performed. The brains were examined by a neuropathologist. The group with the added buffer showed lower intracranial pressure as well as decreased intraparenchymal glycerol and less signs of excitotoxicity and ischemia, although histology revealed similar degrees of injury. A customized mechanical reperfusion improves multiple parameters after prolonged normothermic global cerebral ischemia.
Enhancing oil recovery through nanofluids flooding with Irvingia gabonensis in the Niger Delta
Authors: Onyemachi J. C. , Onwukwe S. I. , Duru Ugochukwu Ilozurike , Chikwe A. O. , Uwaezuoke N. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractApplication of nanofluids flooding in the oil and gas industry is recently emerging as enhanced oil recovery methods. Nanoparticles have the ability to alter the rock formation in order to recover oil trapped in the pores of the rock to improve oil recovery. In this study, core plug samples were formulated in the laboratory to investigate the effect of nanoparticles on oil recovery. The formulated core samples were saturated in low salinity brine. However, low salinity brine was used because it has the ability to alter rock wettability. After core flooding with brine for secondary recovery process, extracted oil from Irvingia gabonensis was introduced into the formation to investigate the effect of Irvingia gabonensis on oil recovery. The result of the study showed that magnesium oxide, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide and zinc oxide had oil recovery of 38.1%, 45.6%, 47.7% and 35.1%, respectively. However, when the nanofluids with Irvingia gabonensis were injected into the formation as a displacing agent, the oil recovery greatly improved to 50.3%, 52.0%, 53.2% and 52.4% for (MgO, SiO2, Al2O3 and ZnO). The result of the study showed that nanofluid flooding is a promising potential to improve oil recovery in the Niger Delta.
The art of the flute in ancient Libya
Authors: Tourtounis Paraskevas-Marios 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article deals with the question of the art of the flute in ancient Libya. First, reference is made to the way in which the Greek rulers of ancient Libya tried to impose the idea of the Greek origin of the art of flute on the Libyans. This is followed by an analysis of the indications of the continuous existence of the art of flute in ancient Libya. Finally, it is interesting to note that ancient Libya has such a long tradition in the art of flute, opening up the possible Libyan origin of the instrument.
Cruciferous vegetable intake is inversely associated with extensive abdominal aortic calcification in elderly women: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Blekkenhorst Lauren C. , Sim Marc , Radavelli-Bagatini Simone , Bondonno Nicola P. , Bondonno Catherine P. , Devine Amanda , Schousboe John T. , Lim Wai H. , Kiel Douglas P. , Woodman Richard J. , Hodgson Jonathan M. , Prince Richard L. , Lewis Joshua R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe have previously shown that higher intake of cruciferous vegetables is inversely associated with carotid artery intima-media thickness. To further test the hypothesis that an increased consumption of cruciferous vegetables is associated with reduced indicators of structural vascular disease in other areas of the vascular tree, we aimed to investigate the cross-sectional association between cruciferous vegetable intake and extensive calcification in the abdominal aorta. Dietary intake was assessed, using a FFQ, in 684 older women from the Calcium Intake Fracture Outcome Study. Cruciferous vegetables included cabbage, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower and broccoli. Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) was scored using the Kauppila AAC24 scale on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry lateral spine images and was categorised as ‘not extensive’ (0–5) or ‘extensive’ (≥6). Mean age was 74·9 (sd 2·6) years, median cruciferous vegetable intake was 28·2 (interquartile range 15·0–44·7) g/d and 128/684 (18·7 %) women had extensive AAC scores. Those with higher intakes of cruciferous vegetables (>44·6 g/d) were associated with a 46 % lower odds of having extensive AAC in comparison with those with lower intakes (<15·0 g/d) after adjustment for lifestyle, dietary and CVD risk factors (ORQ4 v. Q1 0·54, 95 % CI 0·30, 0·97, P = 0·036). Total vegetable intake and each of the other vegetable types were not related to extensive AAC (P > 0·05 for all). This study strengthens the hypothesis that higher intake of cruciferous vegetables may protect against vascular calcification.
UNEXPECTED AVERAGE VALUES OF GENERALIZED VON MANGOLDT FUNCTIONS IN RESIDUE CLASSES
Authors: ROBLES NICOLAS , ROY ARINDAM 
Published: July 2020

In order to study integers with few prime factors, the average of

$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}_{k}=\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}\ast \log ^{k}$

has been a central object of research. One of the more important cases,

$k=2$

, was considered by Selberg [‘An elementary proof of the prime-number theorem’, Ann. of Math. (2)50 (1949), 305–313]. For

$k\geq 2$

, it was studied by Bombieri [‘The asymptotic sieve’, Rend. Accad. Naz. XL (5)1(2) (1975/76), 243–269; (1977)] and later by Friedlander and Iwaniec [‘On Bombieri’s asymptotic sieve’, Ann. Sc. Norm. Super. Pisa Cl. Sci. (4)5(4) (1978), 719–756], as an application of the asymptotic sieve.
Let

$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}_{j,k}:=\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}_{j}\ast \log ^{k}$

, where

$\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}_{j}$

denotes the Liouville function for

$(j+1)$

-free integers, and

$0$

otherwise. In this paper we evaluate the average value of

$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}_{j,k}$

in a residue class

$n\equiv a\text{ mod }q$

,

$(a,q)=1$

, uniformly on

$q$

. When

$j\geq 2$

, we find that the average value in a residue class differs by a constant factor from the expected value. Moreover, an explicit formula of Weil type for

$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}_{k}(n)$

involving the zeros of the Riemann zeta function is derived for an arbitrary compactly supported

${\mathcal{C}}^{2}$

function.
Observations of an Extreme Atmospheric River Storm With a Diverse Sensor Network
Authors: Hatchett B. J. , Cao Q. , Dawson P. B. , Ellis C. J. , Hecht C. W. , Kawzenuk B. , Lancaster J. T. , Osborne T. C. , Wilson A. M. , Anderson M. L. , Dettinger M. D. , Kalansky J. F. , Kaplan M. L. , Lettenmaier D. P. , Oakley N. S. , Ralph F. M. , Reynolds D. W. , White A. B. , Sierks M. , Sumargo E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObservational networks enhance real‐time situational awareness for emergency and water resource management during extreme weather events. We present examples of how a diverse, multitiered observational network in California provided insights into hydrometeorological processes and impacts during a 3‐day atmospheric river storm centered on 14 February 2019. This network, which has been developed over the past two decades, aims to improve understanding and mitigation of effects from extreme storms influencing water resources and natural hazards. We combine atmospheric reanalysis output and additional observations to show how the network allows: (1) the validation of record cool season precipitable water observations over southern California; (2) the identification of phenomena that produce natural hazards and present difficulties for short‐term weather forecast models, such as extreme precipitation amounts and snow level variability; (3) the use of soil moisture data to improve hydrologic model forecast skill in northern California's Russian River basin; and (4) the combination of meteorological data with seismic observations to identify when a large avalanche occurred on Mount Shasta. This case study highlights the value of investments in diverse observational assets and the importance of continued support and synthesis of these networks to characterize climatological context and advance understanding of processes modulating extreme weather.
Global Retrievals of Solar‐Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence at Red Wavelengths With TROPOMI
Authors: Köhler Philipp , Behrenfeld Michael J. , Landgraf Jochen , Joiner Joanna , Magney Troy S. , Frankenberg Christian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObservations of solar‐induced chlorophyll a fluorescence (SIF) from spaceborne spectrometers can advance our understanding of terrestrial and aquatic carbon cycles. Here we present the first global retrievals of SIF at red wavelengths from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI). Despite the weak signal level, considerable uncertainties, and subtle measurement artifacts, spatial patterns and magnitudes agree with independent data sets. Over land, spatial patterns of our red SIF estimates covary with the far‐red SIF data. Red SIF over the ocean is highly consistent with the normalized fluorescence line height (nFLH) inferred from measurements of the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), even when comparing single days and fine spatial scales. Major advantages of our Fraunhofer line‐based SIF retrievals include the capability to sense SIF through optically thin cloud/aerosol layers and an insensitivity to ocean color. This opens up new avenues for studying ocean biogeochemistry from space.
Different precipitation response over land and ocean to orbital and greenhouse gas forcing
Authors: Jalihal Chetankumar , Srinivasan Jayaraman , Chakraborty Arindam 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVarious proxies suggest a nearly in-phase variation of monsoons with local summer insolation. Oceanic proxies of monsoons document a more complex response. Climate model simulations also indicate that the response is different over land and ocean. Here using a transient simulation by a climate model over the last 22,000 years we have unraveled the factors that lead to these differences within the Indian subcontinent. We show that during the deglacial (22–12 ka) precipitation over India and the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are in phase, whereas they are out of phase across the Holocene ($$\sim$$∼ 12 ka to 0 ka). During the deglacial, water vapor amplifies the effect of solar forcing on precipitation over both the regions, whereas contributions from surface latent heat fluxes over the BoB drive an opposite response across the Holocene. We find that greenhouse gas forcing drives similar precipitation response over land and ocean, whereas orbital forcing produces a different response over land and ocean. We have further demonstrated that during periods of abrupt climate change [such as the Bølling–Allerød ($$\sim$$∼ 14 ka)], water vapor affects precipitation mainly through its influence on the vertical stability of the atmosphere. These results highlight the complex nature of precipitation over the BoB and thus has implications for the interpretation of monsoon proxies.
Expected value and sensitivity to punishment modulate insular cortex activity during risky decision making
Authors: Von Siebenthal Zorina , Boucher Olivier , Lazzouni Latifa , Taylor Véronique , Martinu Kristina , Roy Mathieu , Rainville Pierre , Lepore Franco , Nguyen Dang Khoa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe exact contribution of the insula to risky decision making remains unclear, as are the specific outcome parameters and inter-individual characteristics that modulate insular activity prior to a risky choice. This fMRI study examines the contributions of outcome valence, magnitude, probability, and expected value (EV) to insular activity during risky decision making, and explores the influence of sensitivity to reward and to punishment, and anxiety, to insular activity. Participants (N = 31) performed a gambling task requiring choice between two roulettes with different outcome magnitude, probability and EV, under gain and loss conditions separately, and filled questionnaires assessing sensitivity to punishment/reward, and state/trait anxiety. Parametric analyses were conducted to examine the modulation of brain activity during decision making in relation to each task parameter. Correlations were examined between insular activity and psychometric questionnaires. EV of the selected roulette was associated with right posterior insula activation during decision making. Higher sensitivity to punishment was associated with lower bilateral insular activation. These findings suggest that the right posterior insula is involved in tracking the EV of a risky option during decision making. The involvement of the insula when making risky decisions also appears to be influenced by inter-individual differences in sensitivity to punishment.