bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delocalization of exciton and electron wavefunction in non-fullerene acceptor molecules enables efficient organic solar cells
Authors: Zhang Guichuan , Chen Xian-Kai , Xiao Jingyang , Chow Philip C. Y. , Ren Minrun , Kupgan Grit , Jiao Xuechen , Chan Christopher C. S. , Du Xiaoyan , Xia Ruoxi , Chen Ziming , Yuan Jun , Zhang Yunqiang , Zhang Shoufeng , Liu Yidan , Zou Yingping , Yan He , Wong Kam Sing , Coropceanu Veaceslav , Li Ning , Brabec Christoph J. , Bredas Jean-Luc , Yip Hin-Lap , Cao Yong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA major challenge for organic solar cell (OSC) research is how to minimize the tradeoff between voltage loss and charge generation. In early 2019, we reported a non-fullerene acceptor (named Y6) that can simultaneously achieve high external quantum efficiency and low voltage loss for OSC. Here, we use a combination of experimental and theoretical modeling to reveal the structure-property-performance relationships of this state-of-the-art OSC system. We find that the distinctive π–π molecular packing of Y6 not only exists in molecular single crystals but also in thin films. Importantly, such molecular packing leads to (i) the formation of delocalized and emissive excitons that enable small non-radiative voltage loss, and (ii) delocalization of electron wavefunctions at donor/acceptor interfaces that significantly reduces the Coulomb attraction between interfacial electron-hole pairs. These properties are critical in enabling highly efficient charge generation in OSC systems with negligible donor-acceptor energy offset.
Area, not number, dominates estimates of visual quantities
Authors: Yousif Sami R. , Keil Frank C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe study of numerical estimation collectively spans hundreds of papers and hundreds of thousands of citations. Interest in this topic hinges on one assumption: that we can approximate number independently of continuous spatial dimensions (e.g., area). Accordingly, many studies have specifically tried to demonstrate sensitivity specific to number while controlling other dimensions. However, recent work demonstrates that perceived area (based on psychophysical judgments) differs from true area (i.e., a precise pixel count). This difference raises concerns about most past studies of approximate number, by asking if they have systematically controlled for the wrong dimension(s). Building on recent findings that the percept of area may be systematically illusory, the current study examines the relation between perceived area and number. Four experiments reveal that (1) perceived area, but not mathematical area, strongly influences numerosity judgments, (2) perceived area influences perceived number but not the reverse, (3) number acuity is greatly reduced in stimuli controlled for perceived area, and (4) the ability to make area discriminations on the basis of ‘additive area’ but not mathematical area predicts number discrimination ability. Together, these findings highlight a potentially serious confound in prior work, raising new theoretical and methodological challenges for the field.
High efficiency electrocatalyst of LaCr0.5Fe0.5O3 nanoparticles on oxygen-evolution reaction
Authors: Gao Xiaoping , Sun Zhimin , Ran Jiaqi , Li Jufu , Zhang Jingyan , Gao Daqiang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDue to the multistep proton-coupled electron transfer, it remains a huge challenge to accelerate the kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here, we demonstrate that perovskite-type LaCr0.5Fe0.5O3 nanoparticles can be used as highly active and stable OER electrocatalysts, where it shows a low overpotential of 390 mV at 10 mA/cm2, a small Tafel slope of 114.4 mV/dec and excellent stability with slight current decrease after 20 h, superior than that of their individual counterparts (LaFeO3 and LaCrO3). This finding confirms that the present hybrid material would be an effective means to electrocatalyst for catalyzing OER.
Cataract and the increased risk of depression in general population: a 16-year nationwide population-based longitudinal study
Authors: Chen Po-Wei , Liu Peter Pin-Sung , Lin Shu-Man , Wang Jen-Hung , Huang Huei-Kai , Loh Ching-Hui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCataract is the primary cause of visual impairment and can be corrected by cataract surgery. We investigated the impact of cataract on the risk of depression along with the benefits of cataract surgery. Patients newly diagnosed with cataract by ophthalmologists between 2001 and 2015 were identified from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan. Non-cataract individuals were recruited by 1:1 matching for age, sex and index year. After propensity score matching, 233,258 patients in total were included in our study: 116,629 in each of the cataract and non-cataract cohorts. The primary outcome was the new diagnosis of depression by psychiatrists. In a mean follow-up period of 7.8 years, cataract was significantly associated with increased risk of developing depression (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.70–1.87, p < 0.001). We further divided the cataract cohort into surgery and non-surgery groups. Notably, cataract surgery group was associated with a decreased risk of depression compared with non-surgery patients (aHR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.71–0.79, p < 0.001). Our results emphasise the importance of regular screening for depression among cataract patients and the beneficial effect of cataract surgery in reducing the risk of depression.
Standardized distances for placement of REBOA in patients with aortic stenosis
Authors: Olsen Markus Harboe , Thonghong Tasalak , Søndergaard Lars , Møller Kirsten 
Published: August 2020

AbstractResuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is a technique where a balloon is advanced through the common femoral artery and temporarily inflated for treatment of cardiac arrest or non-compressible haemorrhage. The aim of this study was to measure intravascular distances relevant for correct placement of the REBOA catheter using computer tomographic (CT) scans. In a series of CT scans of the aorta from 100 patients diagnosed with severe aortic stenosis planned for transcatheter aortic valve implantation, we measured the intravascular distance from the insertion site in the common femoral artery to two potential zones for placement of the REBOA catheter; between the left subclavian artery and the celiac trunk (Zone 1), as well as between the aortic bifurcation and the distal take-off of the renal arteries (Zone 3). The mean (± SD) intravascular distance from the femoral artery to intra-aortic Zone 1 was 36 (± 2.5) cm for the lower border and 60 (± 4.1) cm for the upper border, respectively. For intra-aortic Zone 3, the mean (± SD) intravascular distance was 21 (± 2.1) cm to the lower border and 31 (± 2.3) cm to the upper border. Calculated potentially safe intervals for placement of the REBOA in Zone 1 was with 99.7% likelihood between 43 and 48 cm. No similar potentially safe interval could be calculated for Zone 3. According to this cohort study of patients with severe aortic stenosis, the balloon of the REBOA catheter should travel intraarterially between 43 (lower limit) and 48 cm (upper limit) from the site of insertion into the common femoral artery, which would lead to correct placement in intra-aortic Zone 1 in 99.7% of cases. In contrast, no potential safety interval could be similarly defined for insertion in Zone 3.
An elevated monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein–cholesterol ratio is associated with mortality in patients with coronary artery disease who have undergone PCI
Authors: Zhang Da-Peng , Baituola Gulinaer , Wu Ting-Ting , Chen You , Hou Xian-Geng , Yang Yi , Pan Ying , Ma Xiang , Zheng Ying-Ying 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein–cholesterol ratio (MHR) and the outcomes of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) who were treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods: A total of 5679 CAD patients from CORFCHD-PCI, a retrospective cohort study (identifier: ChiCTR-ORC-16010153), who underwent PCI were included in the study and divided into three tertiles according to their MHR values. The primary outcome was long-term mortality after PCI. The main secondary endpoints were stroke, readmission, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), defined as the combination of cardiac death, recurrent myocardial infarction, and target vessel reconstruction. The average follow-up time was 35.9 ± 22.6 months.Results: Patients were divided into three groups according to MHR tertiles: the first tertile (MHR &lt; 0.4; n=1290), second tertile (MHR ≥ 0.4–0.61; n=1878) and third tertile (MHR &gt; 0.61; n=1870). The all-cause mortality (ACM) incidence was significantly lower in the first and second tertiles than in the third tertile (adjusted HR = 0.658, [95% CI: 0.408–0.903], P=0.009 and HR = 0.712, [95% CI: 0.538–0.941], P=0.017, respectively). Cardiac mortality (CM) occurred in 235 patients: 60 (3.1%) in the first tertile group, 74 (3.9%) in the second tertile group and 101 (5.4%) in the third tertile group. There was a significant difference in the CM incidence between the first tertile group and the third tertile group (HR = 0.581, [95% CI: 0.406–0.832], P=0.003), and there was also a difference in the CM incidence between the second tertile group and the third tertile group (HR = 0.690, [95% CI: 0.506–0.940], P=0.019).Conclusion: The present study indicated that an increased MHR was independently associated with long-term mortality in CAD patients who have undergone PCI.
Circ_0000144 functions as a miR-623 sponge to enhance gastric cancer progression via up-regulating GPRC5A
Authors: Mi Lili , Lei Lianhui , Yin Xiaolei , Li Ning , Shi Jianfei , Han Xin , Duan Xiaoling , Zhao Man , Han Guangjie , Wang Jinfeng , Yin Fei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer (GC) remains one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that circRNAs serve as critical roles in human cancer, including GC. In the present study, we focused on the detailed function and mechanism of circ_0000144 on GC progression.
Methods: The levels of circ_0000144, miR-623 and G-protein-coupled receptor, family C, group 5, member A (GPRC5A) were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Targeted relationships among circ_0000144, miR-623 and GPRC5A were confirmed using dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. Cell proliferation, colony formation, apoptosis, migration and invasion were evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), colony formation, flow cytometry and transwell assays. Measurement of glutamine and α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) levels was performed using a corresponding assay kit. GPRC5A protein expression was detected using Western blot. In vivo assays were used to explore the impact of circ_0000144 on tumor growth.
Results: Our data indicated that circ_0000144 was up-regulated and miR-623 was down-regulated in GC tissues and cells. Circ_0000144 interacted with miR-623 through directly binding to miR-623. Moreover, the knockdown of circ_0000144 weakened GC cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion and glutaminolysis and accelerated cell apoptosis by up-regulating miR-623. GPRC5A was a direct target of miR-623 and circ_0000144 protected against GPRC5A repression through sponging miR-623. Furthermore, miR-623-mediated regulation on GC cell progression was reversed by the stored expression of GPRC5A. Additionally, circ_0000144 depletion inhibited tumor growth in vivo.
Conclusion: Our study indicated that circ-0000144 knockdown repressed GC progression at least partly by regulating GPRC5A expression via sponging miR-623, illumining a novel therapeutic target for GC treatment.
Identification of key genes of papillary thyroid carcinoma by integrated bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Xue Gang , Lin Xu , Wu Jing-Fang , Pei Da , Wang Dong-Mei , Zhang Jing , Zhang Wen-Jing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is one of the fastest-growing malignant tumor types of thyroid cancer. Therefore, identifying the interaction of genes in PTC is crucial for elucidating its pathogenesis and finding more specific molecular biomarkers.
Methods: Four pairs of PTC tissues and adjacent tissues were sequenced using RNA-Seq, and 3745 differentially expressed genes were screened (P&lt;0.05, |logFC|&gt;1). The enrichment analysis indicated that the vast majority of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) may play a positive role in the development of cancer. Then, the significant modules were analyzed using Cytoscape software in the protein–protein interaction network. Survival analysis, TNM analysis, and immune infiltration analysis of key genes were analyzed. And the expression of ADORA1, APOE, and LPAR5 genes were verified by qPCR in PTC compared with matching adjacent tissues.
Results: Twenty-five genes were identified as hub genes with nodes greater than 10. The expression of 25 genes were verified by the GEPIA database, and the overall survival and disease-free survival analyses were conducted with Kaplan–Meier plotter. We found only three genes were confirmed with our validation and were statistically significant in PTC, namely ADORA1, APOE, and LPAR5. Further analysis found that the mRNA levels and methylation degree of these three genes were significantly correlated with the TNM staging of PTC. And these three genes were related to PTC immune infiltration. Verification of the expression of these three genes by RT-qPCR and Western blot further confirmed the reliability of our results.
Conclusion: Our study identified three genes that may play key regulatory roles in the development, metastasis, and immune infiltration of papillary thyroid carcinoma.
Active voltage balancing circuit using single switched‐capacitor and series LC resonant energy carrier
Authors: Ahasan Habib A.K.M. , Motakabber S.M.A. , Ibrahimy M.I. , Hasan M.K. 
Published: August 2020

Single switched‐capacitor and series LC resonant converter‐based active voltage balancing circuit are presented in this Letter. This converter is proposed to balance the cell voltage in series‐connected electrochemical energy storage devices namely battery or supercapacitor. This balancing circuit directly transfers the energy from higher capacitive energy storage cells to lower energy storage cells in the string. It realises the maximum energy recovery and zero voltage gap between the cells and overcomes the drawback of switching loss, conduction loss, balancing time duration, and the voltage difference between the cells of conventional switched‐capacitor as well as single LC converter. The details of the balancing circuit operation, theoretical, and mathematical analysis are presented. The experimental result demonstrated that the balancing circuit result where the voltage difference is 451–0 mV in 124 min for two 12 V, 4.5 Ah lead‐acid batteries.
Bildgebende Untersuchungen des neuronalen
Schmerznetzwerks
Authors: Mosch Benjamin , Hagena Verena , Diers Martin 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Artikel soll eine Übersicht über bildgebende
Untersuchungen im Bereich chronischer Schmerzsyndrome bieten. Auf die
einleitenden Worte zur allgemeinen Phänomenologie des Schmerzes
folgt ein umfassender Einblick in die gegenwärtige Anwendung
funktioneller und struktureller Bildgebungstechniken am Beispiel
ausgewählter Schmerzsyndrome (Chronischer Rückenschmerz,
Fibromyalgiesyndrom (FMS), Phantomschmerz und Komplexes regionales
Schmerzsyndrom (CRPS)). In diesem Zusammenhang werden Gemeinsamkeiten und
Besonderheiten der spezifischen neurologischen Korrelate verschiedener
chronischer Schmerzerkrankungen diskutiert.
Dendritic cell derived exosomes loaded with immunoregulatory cargo reprogram local immune responses and inhibit degenerative bone disease in vivo
Authors: Elashiry Mahmoud , Elashiry Mohamed M. , Elsayed Ranya , Rajendran Mythily , Auersvald Carol , Zeitoun Rana , Rashid Mohammad H. , Ara Roxan , Meghil Mohamed M. , Liu Yutao , Arbab Ali S. , Arce Roger M. , Hamrick Mark , Elsalanty Mohammed , Brendan Marshall , Pacholczyk Rafal , Cutler Christopher W. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTChronic bone degenerative diseases represent a major threat to the health and well‐being of the population, particularly those with advanced age. This study isolated exosomes (EXO), natural nano‐particles, from dendritic cells, the “directors” of the immune response, to examine the immunobiology of DC EXO in mice, and their ability to reprogram immune cells responsible for experimental alveolar bone loss in vivo. Distinct DC EXO subtypes including immune‐regulatory (regDC EXO), loaded with TGFB1 and IL10 after purification, along with immune stimulatory (stimDC EXO) and immune “null” immature (iDCs EXO) unmodified after purification, were delivered via I.V. route or locally into the soft tissues overlying the alveolar bone. Locally administrated regDC EXO showed high affinity for inflamed sites, and were taken up by both DCs and T cells in situ. RegDC EXO‐encapsulated immunoregulatory cargo (TGFB1 and IL10) was protected from proteolytic degradation. Moreover, maturation of recipient DCs and induction of Th17 effectors was suppressed by regDC EXO, while T‐regulatory cell recruitment was promoted, resulting in inhibition of bone resorptive cytokines and reduction in osteoclastic bone loss. This work is the first demonstration of DC exosome‐based therapy for a degenerative alveolar bone disease and provides the basis for a novel treatment strategy.
Kinematical and dynamical aspects of ghost-matter cosmologies
Authors: Chavda Ameya , Barrow John D , Tsagas Christos G 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We consider the kinematical and dynamical evolution of Friedmann Universes with a mixture of non-interacting matter and a ghost-like field, in a scenario analogous to that advocated by the Quintom model. Assuming that the conventional matter dominates today, we find that the ghost component can bring the future expansion and the past contraction of the model to a finite halt. Moreover, at the moment the expansion or contraction stops, we find that the tendency of the Universe is to bounce back and re-collapse or re-expand. Therefore, the presence of a (never dominant) ghost-field with negative density could, in principle, drive the Universe into an eternal cycle of finite expansion, collapse, and re-expansion. Our study outlines the key features of such a scenario and provides a simple condition for it to occur. We also derive an autonomous set of differential equations and employ dynamical-system techniques to identify two families of fixed points, with and without spatial curvature respectively. The members of the first family correspond to coasting Universes and are stable in the Lyapunov sense. Those of the latter family are unstable repellers when their matter satisfies the strong energy condition and Lyapunov stable in the opposite case.
Computed tomography of the head and the risk of brain tumours during childhood and adolescence: results from a case–control study in Japan
Authors: Kojimahara Noriko , Yoshitake Takayasu , Ono Koji , Kai Michiaki , Bynes Graham , Schüz Joachim , Cardis Elisabeth , Kesminiene Ausrele 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
To clarify whether medical radiation exposure, especially from head computed tomography (CT), increases the risk of brain tumours in young patients in Japan, which ranks the second highest in the world in the number of paediatric CT examinations following the US. From 2011 to 2015, we performed a case–control study of 120 brain tumour patients and 360 appendicitis patients as controls. Reasons, the number of brain and head CT scans date were available from interviews. A cumulative radiation dose to the brain was calculated as a sum of doses received from head CT scans and from conventional x-rays and estimated using a reference table derived from a literature review of published studies. We performed conditional logistic regression to assess the risk of brain tumours from brain and head CT, and from conventional head x-ray procedures. The case group received on average 1.8 CTs to the brain area and 2.2 CTs to the whole head, with a mean estimated brain dose of 32 ± 13 mGy. The odds ratio for developing a brain tumour from having a brain CT was 0.93 (95% confidence interval: 0.38–1.82). This was hardly altered when adjusting for parental educational history and for other diseases (history of neurological disease and attention-deficit disorder/attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder). Neither whole head CT nor cumulative brain dose to the brain increased the risk of glioma or of all brain tumours. Although this study conducted in Japan, where ranks second in the number of CT scans conducted in the world, did not show an increased risk of brain tumours related to CT scans, it should be taken with caution due to a case–control study with limited sample size.
A new teaching concept on quantum physics in secondary schools
Authors: Bitzenbauer Philipp , Meyn Jan-Peter 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this article, an approach to integrate contemporary quantum physics into secondary school teaching is presented. The Erlanger concept on quantum optics provides an experimental-based guideway to aspects of modern quantum physics. We avoid the traditional historical approach in order to overcome the lack of modern concepts of quantum physics. In an acceptance survey, initial empirical evidence for the acceptance of the developed explanatory approaches was evaluated.
Electron induced processes in CH: an R-matrix study of electronic excitation, dissociation and dissociative attachment
Authors: Ghosh R , Chakrabarti K , Choudhury B S 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The CH radical is of considerable interest in both low temperature astrophysical plasmas as well as high temperature fusion plasmas. Although collision cross section data for different collision processes are required for modeling the relevant plasma, there are very few studies of electron collision with CH. To this end, we have used the R-matrix method to study electron collision with the CH molecule at low energies. CH target state energies, dipole and quadrupole moments were first determined at its equilibrium geometry R
e = 2.116a
0. Scattering calculations were then performed for elastic scattering and electron impact excitation from the ground state to some of the low lying excited states of CH. The excitation cross sections were then used to estimate the cross section for the dissociation of CH under electron impact. An approximate calculation of the cross section for dissociative electron attachment of CH in the energetically lowest channel C−(4So) + H(2S), was also done via the lowest 5Σ− Feshbach resonance at R
e = 2.116a
0.