bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Image‐Based Cell Profiling Enables Quantitative Tissue Microscopy in Gastroenterology
Authors: Wills John W. , Robertson Jack , Summers Huw D. , Miniter Michelle , Barnes Claire , Hewitt Rachel E. , Keita Åsa V. , Söderholm Johan D. , Rees Paul , Powell Jonathan J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractImmunofluorescence microscopy is an essential tool for tissue‐based research, yet data reporting is almost always qualitative. Quantification of images, at the per‐cell level, enables “flow cytometry‐type” analyses with intact locational data but achieving this is complex. Gastrointestinal tissue, for example, is highly diverse: from mixed‐cell epithelial layers through to discrete lymphoid patches. Moreover, different species (e.g., rat, mouse, and humans) and tissue preparations (paraffin/frozen) are all commonly studied. Here, using field‐relevant examples, we develop open, user‐friendly methodology that can encompass these variables to provide quantitative tissue microscopy for the field. Antibody‐independent cell labeling approaches, compatible across preparation types and species, were optimized. Per‐cell data were extracted from routine confocal micrographs, with semantic machine learning employed to tackle densely packed lymphoid tissues. Data analysis was achieved by flow cytometry‐type analyses alongside visualization and statistical definition of cell locations, interactions and established microenvironments. First, quantification of Escherichia coli passage into human small bowel tissue, following Ussing chamber incubations exemplified objective quantification of rare events in the context of lumen‐tissue crosstalk. Second, in rat jejenum, precise histological context revealed distinct populations of intraepithelial lymphocytes between and directly below enterocytes enabling quantification in context of total epithelial cell numbers. Finally, mouse mononuclear phagocyte—T cell interactions, cell expression and significant spatial cell congregations were mapped to shed light on cell–cell communication in lymphoid Peyer's patch. Accessible, quantitative tissue microscopy provides a new window‐of‐insight to diverse questions in gastroenterology. It can also help combat some of the data reproducibility crisis associated with antibody technologies and over‐reliance on qualitative microscopy. © 2020 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Diagnostic utility of cytology smears and cell block in adrenal lesions
Authors: Mukherjee Sriranjan , Sengupta Moumita , Das Ram Narayan , Chatterjee Uttara , Kanjilal Banhisikha , Basu Keya , Kar Anish , Mondal Akash , Mukhopadhyay Satinath 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundCytology of the adrenal gland is a less performed technique even in tertiary care centres; yet cytological evaluation is an important diagnostic tool for assessment of adrenal lesions. Our objective was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of FNAC smears and cellblock with immunohistochemistry (IHC) in lesions of the adrenal.Material and methodsWe had a total of 50 cases over a period of 2 years where both FNAC smears and cellblocks were taken. The smears and cellblocks were examined for adequacy. They were subsequently categorised into four groups: unsatisfactory, benign, suspicious of malignancy and malignant. The diagnostic accuracy of FNAC smears and cellblock with IHC were evaluated and compared, taking histopathology, wherever available, as the gold standard,ResultWe had 50 cases with age ranging from 6 to 53 years with a median of 7.5 years. Of these, 54% were cytologically malignant and neuroblastoma was the commonest lesion. Histopathology was available in 23 cases only, where the diagnostic accuracy was evaluated. The sensitivity and specificity of FNAC smear was 100% and 85.71%, respectively whereas the sensitivity and specificity of cellblock with IHC was 100% and 92.86%, respectively.ConclusionCellblock together with IHC provides a higher degree of specificity, reduces the unsatisfactory rate and improves the diagnostic accuracy in lesions of the adrenal gland. Immunohistochemistry is an important adjunctive tool.
Progress on efficient current‐induced magnetization switching
Authors: Kato Takeshi , Iwata Satoshi , Oshima Daiki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAs efficient current‐induced magnetization switching schemes, thermally assisted spin transfer torque (STT) switching, spin orbit torque (SOT) switching of rare‐earth transition metal films, and electric‐field–assisted SOT switching were briefly reviewed. For thermally assisted STT switching, hybrid memory layer with a low curie temperature (TC) and high TC layers were found to be effective to reduce the critical current density Jc without sacrificing the thermal stability Δ at room temperature. In SOT switching of GdFeCo, the large SOT was confirmed even at the compensation composition of GdFeCo. In SOT switching of MgO / Co / Pt films, the switching current density Jc was confirmed to be modified around 20% by applying an electric field of 1 V/nm through the insulator film.
The Increase in Temperature Overwhelms Silver Nanoparticle Effects on the Aquatic Invertebrate Limnephilus sp.
Authors: Batista Daniela , Pascoal Cláudia , Cássio Fernanda 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been largely explored, but there is still a lack of knowledge on their effects under the predicted changes in temperature as a consequence of climate change. The aim of the present study was to determine how leaf consumption by invertebrate shredders is affected by dietary exposure to AgNPs and AgNO3 and whether changes in temperature alter such effects. Also, responses of antioxidant enzymes were examined. In microcosms, the invertebrate shredder Limnephilus sp. was allowed to feed on alder leaves treated with AgNPs (5, 10, and 25 mg L−1) and AgNO3 (1 mg L−1) at 10, 16, and 23 °C (6 replicates). After 5 d, the animals were transferred to clean water and allowed to feed on untreated leaves. The higher leaf consumption by the shredder was related to temperature increase and to the contamination of leaves with AgNPs and AgNO3. Results from enzymatic activities demonstrated that AgNP contamination via food induce oxidative and neuronal stress in the shredder: the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase were positively correlated with total Ag accumulated in the animal body. Moreover, glutathione S-transferase activity was strongly associated with higher temperature (23 °C). Overall results indicated that the effects of toxicants on consumption rates and enzymatic activities are modulated by temperature and suggested that increases in temperature changes the AgNP effects on invertebrate shredder performance. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1429–1437. © 2020 SETAC
Abstract
Spatiotemporal measurement of light extinction coefficients in compartment fires
Authors: Arnold Lukas , Belt Alexander , Schultze Thorsten , Sichma Lea 
Published: May 2020

SummaryIn case of fire, the visibility plays a major role as it limits the occupants’ orientation capabilities and the perception of signs. These effects are determined by the light extinction due to smoke or other aerosols produced in fires. The presented method is based on the optical observation of an array of light sources during a fire in a laboratory experiment. The smoke induced into the compartment leads to a drop in intensity of each individual light source. This information is used to deduce the extinction along the line‐of‐sight to the camera. Once the data are captured, an automated processing is used to locate the diodes on the images and determine their intensity. Here, the optical image of the small diodes is assumed to have a known shape, so that the optimisation algorithm is capable to identify the location of the diode's centre and quantify the luminosity in a sub‐pixel range. The result is a time series for each diode, indicating the change of the relative luminosity, w.r.t. the initial values. Finally, a model for the extinction along each line‐of‐sight is formulated. It assumes that the light extinction coefficient is distributed in homogeneous layers. The number of layers is a free model parameter. Given this spatial distribution of the extinction coefficient and the experimental geometry, each line‐of‐sight is impacted by a number of layers, of yet unknown coefficient values. An inverse modelling approach is used here to find coefficient values that match the modelled line‐of‐sight extinction with the observed luminosity drops. The final result is a time‐ and height‐dependent distribution of the light extinction coefficient during the full experiment.
Heat and moisture exchanger cassettes: Results of a quality/safety initiative to reduce postoperative mucus plugging after total laryngectomy
Authors: Ebersole Barbara , Moran Kathleen , Gou Jiangtao , Ridge John , Schiech Linda , Liu Jeffrey C. , Lango Miriam 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundTracheal dryness is a concern after total laryngectomy due to the potential for mucus plugs (MP). This study compared heat and moisture exchanger (HME) cassettes to external tracheal humidification (ETH) surrounding MP events.MethodsA retrospective comparative cohort study comparing outcomes before/after implementation of a patient safety initiative utilizing HME during post laryngectomy hospitalization. The number of MP events were compared with a pre‐implementation control group using ETH. Patient characteristics were analyzed for correlation with MP.ResultsThe rate of MP was significantly lower in the HME group than ETH (0.13 and 0.38 per 10 inpatient days, respectively, P = .02). The proportion of patients with one or more MP events was also significantly reduced in the HME group (50% ETH and 11% HME, P = .01). Method of humidification was the only significant variable associated with MP on logistic regression modeling (P = .008).ConclusionsHMEs were superior to ETH for prevention of MP.
Differences in site‐specific incidence and relative survival of cutaneous and mucocutaneous genital squamous cell carcinoma in Germany, 2007‐2015
Authors: Stang Andreas , Wellmann Ina , Kajüter Hiltraud , Trocchi Pietro , Becker Jürgen C. , Green Adele C. , Jöckel Karl‐Heinz , Khil Laura 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDirect comparisons of the incidence and survival of cutaneous vs mucocutaneous genital squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are lacking even though they may bring important insights. We aimed to compare incidence rates and survival of cutaneous and mucocutaneous genital SCCs head‐to‐head, using the same source population, cancer registry methodology and statistical methods in a population of predominantly white Caucasian descent. Using data (2007‐2015) from the population‐based cancer registry of North Rhine‐Westphalia, (population of 18 million people), we estimated age‐specific and age‐standardized (old European standard) incidence rates and age‐standardized relative 5‐year survival of SCC with the period approach for the period 2012 to 2015. Overall, 83 650 SCC cases were registered. The age‐standardized incidence rates (per 100 000 person‐years) of cutaneous SCCs were 36.5 (SE 0.17) and 17.0 (SE 0.11) among men and women, respectively, with corresponding rates for mucocutaneous genital skin, 1.3 (SE 0.03) and 4.5 (SE 0.06) for men and women, respectively. In all age groups, incidence rates of mucocutaneous genital SCCs were higher in women than men. Men had higher cutaneous SCC incidence at all nongenital subsites than women, with the exception of the lower extremities. Five‐year relative survival was considerably lower for mucocutaneous genital SCCs (men: 71%, women: 75%), especially of the scrotal skin (67%) and labia majora (62%) than for SCC of nongenital skin (men: 93%, women: 97%). Given their relatively high incidence together with a lower survival probability, future studies are warranted to establish therapies for advanced mucocutaneous genital SCC, such as immune checkpoint inhibition.
Impact of Anxiety or Depression Symptoms on Propofol Requirements for Sedation in Females: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Li Rui‐yun , Lin Ming , Jiang Hong‐ye , Wen Shi‐hong , Shen Jian‐tong , Huang Wen‐qi , Zhang Xu‐yu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMental disorders are thought to affect various clinical outcomes during the perioperative period. Among them, anxiety and depression are 2 of the most common types. However, the impacts of anxiety or depression on propofol requirements remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of anxiety or depression symptoms on the propofol requirements for sedation in females. This study recruited female patients aged 18 to 65 years, with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification of 1 to 2, who were scheduled for hysteroscopic surgery under propofol‐based intravenous anesthesia. The day before surgery, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess the symptoms of anxiety and depression within the past 6 months. Target‐controlled propofol was gradually titrated to achieve 3 desired levels of sedation: Modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation scale (MOAA/S) score 3, MOAA/S score 1, and MOAA/S score 1 and Narcotrend Index <65. The effect‐site concentration of propofol correlated with HADS–Anxiety scores for the sedation levels of MOAA/S 3 and 1 (r = .249, P = .008; and r = .190, P = .045, respectively). However, the propofol requirements did not correlate with HADS–Depression scores at any sedation level. In conclusion, female patients with anxiety symptoms, but not depression symptoms, required a higher dose of propofol for sedation in hysteroscopy.
Three different Fourier‐transform mid‐infrared sampling techniques to characterize bio‐organic samples
Authors: Bekiaris Georgios , Peltre Clément , Barsberg Søren T. , Bruun Sander , Sørensen Klavs M. , Engelsen Søren B. , Magid Jakob , Hansen Mette , Jensen Lars S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a surge in the number of applications of Fourier‐transform mid‐infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for the characterization of environmental samples and prediction of some of their properties whose measurement has traditionally involved time‐consuming and costly methods. However, there are several different mid‐infrared techniques available, and there is a gap in knowledge regarding the best‐suited technique for recording informative spectra of different types of environmental samples. This study compared the three most widespread FTIR techniques using solid and liquid samples. A total of 11 environmental samples belonging to four categories were analyzed with attenuated total reflectance (ATR), photoacoustic (PAS), and diffuse reflectance (DR) FTIR spectroscopy. Overall, PAS‐FTIR was the best technique, providing a greater amount of information, especially for opaque samples (i.e., organic waste, biochar, and soil), than ATR‐FTIR and DR‐FTIR spectroscopy. Attenuated total reflectance FTIR provided the best spectra for soft samples, such as plant materials, probably due to their ability to achieve good optical contact with the ATR crystal. Finally, DR‐FTIR performed relatively well for most samples but was found to be more sensitive to moisture in the samples, resulting in noise in specific areas, and was less sensitive in bond vibrations related to Si.
COVID‐19 and liver dysfunction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of retrospective studies
Authors: Youssef Mohanad , H Hussein Mohammad , Attia Abdallah S , M Elshazli Rami , Omar Mahmoud , Zora Ghassan , S Farhoud Ashraf , Elnahla Ahmad , Shihabi Areej , Toraih Eman A , S Fawzy Manal , Kandil Emad 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecently, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is the most significant global health crisis. In this study, we conducted a meta‐analysis to find the association between liver injuries and the severity of COVID‐19 disease. Online databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Science direct, were searched to detect relevant publications up to 16 April 2020. Depending on the heterogeneity between studies, a fixed‐ or random‐effects model was applied to pool data. Publication bias Egger's test was also performed. Meta‐analysis of 20 retrospective studies (3428 patients), identified that patients with a severe manifestation of COVID‐19 exhibited significantly higher levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and bilirubin values with prolonged prothrombin time. Furthermore, lower albumin level was associated with a severe presentation of COVID‐19. Liver dysfunction was associated with a severe outcome of COVID‐19 disease. Close monitoring of the occurrence of liver dysfunction is beneficial in early warning of unfavorable outcomes.
Croplands conversion to cash crops in dry regions: Consequences of nitrogen losses and decreasing nitrogen use efficiency for the food chain system
Authors: Zhang Xuechen , Razavi Bahar S. , Liu Jiaxin , Wang Gui , Zhang Xucheng , Li Ziyan , Zhai Bingnian , Wang Zhaohui , Zamanian Kazem 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the effects of land‐use change in drylands on nutrient use efficiencies and losses within the food production‐consumption system provides insights on nutrient management strategies and the effectiveness of land‐use policies. Weibei Dryland is considered an example to use to evaluate changes in nitrogen (N) flows through the food chain following conversion of croplands to apple orchards, using the Nutrient flows in Food Chains, Environment and Resources Use (NUFER) model, and we also modelled the effects of 20% reduction in N fertilizers on apple yields to obtain a balanced fertilization strategy. The apple orchards area increased from 9.6 × 104 ha in 1978 to 72 × 104 ha in 2013, while the area under cereals decreased from 186 × 104 ha in 1978 to 152 × 104 ha in 2013. The increased income due to apple orchards led on‐one‐hand to more N fertilization to get a higher apple yield, and on‐the‐other‐hand promoted the consumption of animal foods. Consequently, nitrogen use efficiency of crop production (NUEc) and the combination of crop and animal production (NUEc+a) decreased, but nitrogen use efficiency of animal production (NUEa) and N losses increased between 1978 and 2013. The modelled scenario of 20% reduction in N fertilization amounts will still keep optimum apple yield but will significantly decrease N losses from the apple orchards. We therefore, suggest that the key measures for improving nitrogen use efficiency and decreasing N losses after conversion to cash crops are: (a) reducing N fertilization as well as balancing various inorganic fertilizers; and (b) implying organic fertilizers.
MUC5B induces in vitro neutrophil extracellular trap formation: Implication in otitis media
Authors: Val Stéphanie , Krueger Anna , Hussain Arman , Tomney Amarel , Chen Yajun , Lazarski Christopher , Preciado Diego 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundChronic otitis media (COM) is characterized by middle ear fluid predominantly containing cytokines, Nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), the mucin MUC5B, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs consist of extracellular DNA coated with antibacterial proteins such as myeloperoxidase (MPO) and citrullinated histone 3 (CitH3). NETs can damage tissues and sustain inflammation. Our study aimed to develop an in vitro model of NETosis, testing COM inductors.MethodsNETosis was evaluated in fresh blood human neutrophils attached to collagen‐coated plates and in suspension exposed to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) as a control, and COM relevant mediators. Confocal microscopy, DNA fluorescence assay and flow cytometry were used to quantify NETosis.ResultsPMA exposure induced DNA, MPO, and CitH3 by immunofluorescence (IF) most significantly at 3 hours (3.8‐fold for DAPI, 7.6‐fold for MPO, and 6.9‐fold for CitH3, all P < .05). IL‐8 and TNF‐α cytokines showed milder increases of DAPI, MPO, and CitH3 positive cells. NTHi had no effect on these NETs markers. Purified salivary MUC5B (10 to 40 μg/mL) produced potent increases, comparable to PMA. A composite NET score summing the fold‐increases for DAPI, MPO, and CitH3 demonstrated PMA at 13.6 to 19 relative to control set at 1; and MUC5B at 8.6 to 16.3 (all P < .05). IL‐8 and TNF‐α showed scores of 5.4 and 3, respectively, but these were not statistically significant.ConclusionWe developed a reliable in vitro assay for NETosis which demonstrated that salivary MUC5B is a potent inductor of NETs whereas IL‐8, TNF‐α, live and lyzed NTHi demonstrated minimal to no NETosis.Level of evidenceNA.
Measuring fat mass in body equivalent materials using an RF resonant cavity
Authors: Kotowski Lisa , Neuhauser Barbara , Robinson Martin , Shepherd John 
Published: May 2020

PurposeProvide a proof of concept for the potential of using a novel RF resonant cavity device for accurately and repeatedly measuring fat and fat‐free masses in phantom infants.Materials & MethodsDesign, construct, and characterize an RF resonant cavity with dimensions compatible to holding an infant. The cavity was characterized using spherical phantoms of 0%fat, 50% fat, and 100% fat to empirically calibrate shifts in resonant frequency. The phantoms were constructed using emulsions of bovine lard, water, and dish soap inside spherical containers which do not interact with the electric field. The calibration phantoms were compared with a phantom of a test sample to assess the ability of the resonant cavity perturbation technique for measuring body composition.ResultsPhantoms of distinct %fat (0%, 50%, and 100%) were used to calibrate the resonant cavity for measuring body composition. The calibration phantoms were used to create calibration lines of unique %fat and were compared to a 475‐mL sample of unknown %fat as a measure of how accurate the resonant cavity technique is for measuring body composition.ConclusionA 475 mL test sample was used to examine the robustness of the RCP technique. The sample was 25% fat and had a fat mass of () g. The measured fat mass from the RCP technique was g, or a 2% difference. The resonant cavity perturbation technique provides an accurate and repeatable measurement of fat mass in spherical phantoms and suggests the technology might be an effective obesity research tool for infants. Future studies will focus on extending the work to more complex anthropomorphic shapes.
An adaptive weak Galerkin finite element method with hierarchical bases for the elliptic problem
Authors: Zhang Jiachuan , Li Jingshi , Li Jingzhi , Zhang Kai 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBased on a posteriori error estimator with hierarchical bases, an adaptive weak Galerkin finite element method (WGFEM) is proposed for the elliptic problem with mixed boundary conditions. For the posteriori error estimator, we are only required to solve a linear algebraic system with diagonal entries corresponding to the degree of freedoms, which significantly reduces the computational cost. The upper and lower bounds of the error estimator are shown to addresses the reliability and efficiency of the adaptive approach. Numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.