bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulation of Exercise-Induced Hypoalgesia Following an Exercise Intervention in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Hansen Simon , Dalgaard Rasmus Christiansen , Mikkelsen Pernille Schlosser , Sørensen Mathias Brandhøj , Petersen Kristian Kjær 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundExercise is recommended to promote and maintain health and as treatment for more than 25 diseases and pain conditions. Exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH), a measure of descending pain inhibitory control, has been found to be impaired in some chronic pain conditions, but it is currently unclear if EIH is modifiable. This study investigated whether a long-term exercise intervention could modulate EIH in healthy subjects.MethodsIn 38 healthy subjects, EIH was assessed as change in pressure pain threshold (PPT) after a three-minute isometric wall squat within the first week and after approximately seven weeks of military training (MT). Further, temporal summation of pain (TSP) and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) were assessed. Physical performance capacity was assessed using the Endurance 20-m shuttle run fitness test (20MSR). Hypoalgesic (EIH &gt; 0.0 kPa) and hyperalgesic (EIH ≤ 0.0 kPa) subgroups were defined based on baseline EIH. Change in EIH following MT was used as the primary outcome.ResultsIncreased EIH (P = 0.008), PPT (P &lt; 0.003), and 20MSR (P &lt; 0.001) were found following MT, with no changes in TSP and KOOS (P &gt; 0.05). Subjects with a hyperalgesic EIH response at baseline (26% of the participants) presented significantly improved EIH following MT (P = 0.010). Finally, an association between 20MRS change and EIH change was found (r = 0.369, P = 0.023).ConclusionsMT increased EIH, especially in subjects who demonstrated a hyperalgesic response at baseline. Improvement in physical performance capacity was associated with an improvement in EIH, indicating that improvement in physical performance capacity may improve central pain mechanisms.
Community–Police Dialogues: Evaluating the Effects on Adult, Youth, and Police Participants
Authors: Perez Nicholas M , Nguyen Trinh , Vogel Brenda 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Improving the relationship between the police and the public is a major focus of American police agencies. Community–police dialogues represent a potential avenue to facilitate positive interactions and promote the four pillars of procedural justice (voice, neutrality, respect, and impartiality). Recent funding has allowed one agency to host six community–police dialogues (three with adult community members and three with youth community members). These events allow citizens to participate in a community building circle with police to build community and discuss various concerns relevant to their city. Using pre- and post-test data from dialogue participants, the current study seeks to determine the effects of the community–police dialogue on community perceptions of voice, trust, respect, and empathy towards their police department. Following participation, community members reported a greater willingness to work with police to improve relationships, greater trust and respect towards police officers, and a greater awareness of the challenges faced by police officers. Some key differences emerged depending on the age group of the participant. Similarly, police officers reported higher levels of respect for and trust in the community and greater feelings of respect from residents. These findings highlight the potential for dialogue events to promote procedural justice and enhance community partnerships, especially for youth community members.
Time Between an Emergency Department Visit and Initiation of Physical Therapist Intervention: Health Care Utilization and Costs
Authors: Magel John , Kim Jaewhan , Fritz Julie M , Freburger Janet K 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to examine the association between the length of time between an emergency department (ED) visit and the subsequent initiation of physical therapist intervention for low back pain (LBP) on 1-year LBP-related health care utilization (ie, surgery, advanced imaging, injections, long-term opioid use, ED visits) and costs.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study focused on individuals who consulted the ED for an initial visit for LBP. Claims from a single statewide, all-payers database were used. LBP-related health care use and costs for the 12 months after the ED visit were extracted. Poisson and general linear models weighted with inverse probability treatment weights were used to compare the outcomes of patients who attended physical therapy early or delayed after the ED visit.

Results
Compared with the delayed physical therapy group (n = 94), the early physical therapy group (n = 171) had a lower risk of receiving lumbar surgery (relative risk [RR] = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.26–0.86) and advanced imaging (RR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.55–0.95), and they were less likely to have long-term opioid use (RR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.28–0.76). The early physical therapy group incurred lower costs (mean = $3,806, 95% CI = $1,998–$4,184) than those in the delayed physical therapy group (mean = $8,689, 95% CI = $4,653–$12,727).

Conclusion
Early physical therapy following an ED visit was associated with a reduced risk of using some types of health care and reduced health care costs in the 12 months following the ED visit.

Impact Statement
The ED is an entry point into the health care system for patients with LBP. Until now, the impact of the length of time between an ED visit and physical therapy for LBP has not been well understood. This study shows that swift initiation of physical therapy following an ED visit for LBP is associated with lower LBP-related health utilization for some important outcomes and lower LBP-related health care costs.
Consequences of Group Style for Differential Participation
Authors: Carlsen Hjalmar Bang , Toubøl Jonas , Ralund Snorre 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article proposes a theory of how interaction in groups influences differential participation in political activism and interrogates this theory through an empirical analysis of online Facebook group interaction. We study the refugee solidarity movement in a mixed methods design employing online ethnography, survey, and “big” social media data. Instead of conceptualizing the group as a social network or social movement organization (SMO), we argue that the group’s culture emerges as patterns of interaction that have implications for what kind of activities in which group members participate. Based on observations from our online ethnography, we suggest that group interaction influences differential individual participation through processes of (1) encoding different habits and (2) attuning the activist to different aspects of situations. We support our theoretical propositions with six statistical tests of the relationship between the group-level variable of contentious group style and the individual-level variable of participation in political protest. The dependent variable, political protest, and a comprehensive set of controls stem from an original survey of the Danish refugee solidarity movement with 2,283 respondents. We link the survey data with “big” social media data used to estimate the focal explanatory variable, contentious group style, generated from content analysis of online interaction in 119 Facebook groups quantified with supervised machine learning. The results show that group style has a consistently positive relationship with the individual’s degree of participation independent of networks, SMO framing, and individual attributes.
Normalization criteria determine the interpretation of nitrogen effects on the root hydraulics of pine seedlings
Authors: Toca Andrei , Villar-Salvador Pedro , Oliet Juan A , Jacobs Douglass F 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Plant hydraulics is key for plant survival and growth because it is linked to gas exchange and drought resistance. Although the environment influences plant hydraulics, there is no clear consensus on the effect of nitrogen (N) supply, which may be, in part, due to different hydraulic conductance normalization criteria and studied species. The objective of this study was to compare the variation of root hydraulic properties using several normalization criteria in four pine species in response to three contrasting N fertilization regimes. We studied four closely related, yet ecologically distinct species: Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold, Pinus pinaster Ait., Pinus pinea L. and Pinus halepensis Mill. Root hydraulic conductance (Kh) was measured with a high-pressure flow meter, and values were normalized by total leaf area (leaf specific conductance, Kl), xylem cross-section area (xylem specific conductance, Ks), total root area (root specific conductance, Kr) and the area of fine roots (fine root specific conductance, Kfr). Controlling for organ size differences allowed comparison of the hydraulic efficiency of roots to supply or absorb water among fertilization treatments and species. The effect of N on the root hydraulic efficiency depended on the normalization criteria. Increasing N availability reduced Kl and Ks, but increased Kh, Kr and especially Kfr. The positive effect of N on Kr and Kfr was positively related to seedling relative growth rate and was also consistent with published results at the interspecific level, whereby plant hydraulics is positively linked to photosynthesis and transpiration rate and fast growth. In contrast, normalization by leaf area and xylem cross-sectional area (Kl and Ks) reflected opposite responses to Kr and Kfr. This indicates that the normalization criteria determine the interpretation of the effect of N on plant hydraulics, which can limit species and treatment comparisons.
An outbreak of acute skin and soft tissue infections including necrotizing fasciitis in Kalwala village, India, 2018: Public health implications for the lymphatic filariasis elimination program
Authors: Maramraj Kiran Kumar , ML Kavitha Latha , Dikid Tanzin , Choudhary Sushma , Reddy Sukrutha , Jain Sudhir Kumar , Singh Sujeet Kumar 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
A cluster of 15 acute skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), including two cases of necrotizing fasciitis, reported in July 2018 from Kalwala village, led us to investigate and describe their epidemiology and to provide recommendations.

Methods
Cases, defined as localized painful swelling and redness in Kalwala residents from 1 December 2017 to 20 August 2018, were identified from hospital records and house-to-house surveys. We conducted an unmatched case-control study to identify risk factors for severity. We cultured wound samples and environmental samples from wound-dressing stations.

Results
We identified 36 cases (median age: 55 [range 17–80] y; 78% male), village attack rate 1% (36/4337) and no deaths. In 34 cases (94%), lower limbs were involved. Lymphatic filariasis (LF) was a common predisposing condition (67%). Comorbidities (diabetes or hypertension) (OR=9; 95% CI 2.0 to 41.1), poor limb hygiene (OR=16; 95% CI 2.8 to 95.3) and poor health-seeking behavior (OR=5; 95% CI 1.6 to 30.8) were associated with severity. All seven wound samples and 8/11 samples from wound-dressing stations showed atypical polymicrobial growth (Pseudomonas, Proteus, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli and Clostridium).

Conclusion
The outbreak of SSTIs among older males with LF was due to secondary bacterial infections and severity was associated with comorbidities, poor hygiene and health-seeking behavior, and likely contamination during wound-dressing. The LF elimination program managers was alerted, programmatic interventions were scaled up, home/facility-based morbidity and comorbidity management was facilitated and the outbreak was rapidly contained.
Integrating morphological and genetic data at different spatial scales in a cosmopolitan marine turtle species: challenges for management and conservation
Authors: Álvarez-Varas Rocío , Heidemeyer Maike , Riginos Cynthia , Benítez Hugo A , Reséndiz Eduardo , Lara-Uc Mónica , Godoy Daniel A , Muñoz-Pérez Juan Pablo , Alarcón-Ruales Daniela E , Vélez-Rubio Gabriela M , Fallabrino Alejandro , Piovano Susanna , Alfaro-Shigueto Joanna , Ortiz-Alvarez Clara , Mangel Jeffrey C , Esquerré Damien , Zárate Patricia , Medrano Carol , León Miranda Fabiola , Guerrero Felipe , Vianna Juliana A , Véliz David 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPatterns of genetic structure in highly mobile marine vertebrates may be accompanied by phenotypic variation. Most studies in marine turtles focused on population genetic structure have been performed at rookeries. We studied whether genetic and morphological variation of the endangered green turtle (Chelonia mydas) is consistent geographically, focusing on foraging grounds. An association between population genetic structure and body shape variation at broad (inter-lineage) and fine (foraging grounds) scales was predicted and analysed using mitochondrial DNA and geometric morphometrics. Although genetic and phenotypic differentiation patterns were congruent between lineages, no fine-scale association was found, suggesting adaptive divergence. Connectivity among Pacific foraging grounds found here suggests that temperatures of ocean surface currents may influence the genetic structure of C. mydas on a broad scale. Our results suggest that vicariance, dispersal, life-history traits and ecological conditions operating in foraging grounds have shaped the intraspecific morphology and genetic diversity of this species. Considering a range of geographic and temporal scales is useful when management strategies are required for cosmopolitan species. Integrating morphological and genetic tools at different spatial scales, conservation management is proposed based on protection of neutral and adaptive diversity. This approach opens new questions and challenges, especially regarding conservation genetics in cosmopolitan species.
Patient Deterioration in the Adult Progressive Care Unit
Authors: Krom Zachary R. 
Published: May 2020

Background
The American Heart Association set a goal in 2010 to double the percentage of hospitalized adult patients who survive cardiac arrest by 2020. Because of acuity and interventions, progressive care patients are a population of interest to address this goal. The state of the literature involving patient deterioration, which can lead to cardiac arrest, in the progressive care setting has yet to be explored.

Objective
A scoping review was done to investigate the literature involving patient deterioration in adult progressive care units in order to map knowledge, identify themes, and discover areas for research potential.

Methods
The scoping review began with an extensive literature search and a multistep review. The characteristics of the final group of studies were charted and grouped according to common themes.

Results
There were 13 studies in the final group. All studies were conducted in the United States and most by interprofessional teams. Three themes were evident in the review, training methods, surveillance, and monitoring systems.

Discussion
Patient deterioration in the progressive care unit may benefit from team-based training methods involving checklists or protocols. Nurses can use surveillance, including physical assessment and technology, to recognize early warning signs. Lastly, the use of systems that identify patterns in vital signs can be useful to reduce patient harm. Further research in this area care is warranted and could potentially improve patient outcomes and nursing practice.
Intensive Care Unit Delirium, Clinical Observations, and Patients' Statements
Authors: Granberg-Axèll Anetth , Bergbom Ingegerd 
Published: May 2020

Background
In clinical practice, nurses use their clinical gaze and make observations in order to assess patients' medical conditions and care needs. However, signs of developing intensive care unit delirium (ICUD) are often difficult to determine, as communication with patients is usually limited because of intubation and the seriousness of their medical condition(s). Usually, ICUD is screened and diagnosed with different, mainly nonverbal instruments, which presupposes that the observer is skilled and experienced in recognizing symptoms and signs of delirium.

Objectives
The objectives were to investigate if there was a concordance between data from continuous clinical observations described in the researcher's logbook and patients' statements of their experiences of delirium during their ICU stay.

Methods
Inclusion criteria were that the patients had been mechanically ventilated and had stayed in the ICU for a minimum of 36 hours. From this, a multiple-case design (n = 19), based on 1 to 3 hours of observations in the ICU and 2 interviews, was used. The first interview was conducted at the hospital approximately 6 to 14 days after discharge from the ICU, and the second, 4 to 8 weeks following the first interview in patients' homes. Two typical cases were identified and described by a cross-case procedure.

Results
A concordance between observations and patients' statements was found. Subtle, as well as obvious, signs of delirium were possible to detect by attentive observations over time and listening to what patients were trying to convey with their speech and body language. Experiencing delirium seemed to indicate existential suffering where the abnormal became the normal and not being able to distinguish between reality and fantasies.

Conclusion
A continuity of skilled observations and listening to patients' statements are vital for detection of ongoing ICU delirium or experiences of delirium.
Noise Level and Comfort in Healthy Subjects Undergoing High-Flow Helmet Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
Authors: Lucchini Alberto , Bambi Stefano , Gurini Silvia , Di Francesco Enrico , Pace Luigino , Rona Roberto , Fumagalli Roberto , Foti Giuseppe , Elli Stefano 
Published: May 2020

AimThe aim of this study was to assess the noisiness levels produced by different gas source systems, breathing circuits setup, and gas flow rates during continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) delivered through helmet.MethodsThis was a crossover design study. Ten healthy subjects received helmet CPAP at 5 cm H2O in random order with different gas flow rates (60 and 80 L/min), 3 diverse gas source systems (A: Venturi system, B: oxygen and air flowmeters, C: electronic Venturi system), and 3 different breathing circuit configurations. During every step of this study, a heat and moisture exchanger (HME) was placed on the helmet inlet gas port to measure the effects on noise production. Noise intensity level was recorded through a sound-level meter. Participants scored their noisiness perception on a visual analog scale.ResultsThe noise level inside the helmet ranged between 76 ± 4 and 117 ± 1 Decibel A. The gas source and the gas flow rate always affected the noise level inside and outside the helmet (P< .001). The different “breathing circuit setup” did not change the noise levels inside the helmet (P= .244), but affected the noise level outside, especially when a Venturi system was used (P< .001). An HME filter placed at the junction between the inspiratory limb of the breathing circuit and the helmet significantly decreased the noise intensity inside the helmet (mean dBA without HME, 99.56 ± 13.30 vs 92.26 ± 10.72 with HME;P< .001) and outside (mean dBA without HME, 68.16 ± 12.05 vs 64.97 ± 12.17 with HME;P< .001). The perception of noise inside the helmet was lower when an HME filter was placed on the inspiratory inlet gas port (median, 6 [interquartile range, 4–7] vs 7 [5–8];P<.001).ConclusionsWhen helmet CPAP is delivered through gas flow rates up to 50 L/min, an HME placed on the helmet inlet gas port should be used to reduce noise inside the helmet and to improve patients' comfort.
Epidemiologic and Molecular Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated From Hospitalized Pediatric Patients
Authors: Arikan Kamile , Karadag-Oncel Eda , Aycan Ahmet Emre , Yuksekkaya Serife , Sancak Banu , Ceyhan Mehmet 
Published: May 2020

Background:
We aimed to determine molecular characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus isolates cultured from hospitalized pediatric patients.

Methods:
All accessible S. aureus isolates cultured from hospitalized pediatric patients were analyzed for staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) types, Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) encoding genes and antibiotic resistance patterns.

Results:
A total of 132 S. aureus isolates, 102 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) (81.8%), 30 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (18.2%) were included in the study. Sixty of 132 (45.5%) S. aureus isolates were cultured from skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), 50 (37.9%) from bloodstream infections, 11 (8.3%) from bone infections and 11 (8.3%) from other sterile sites. Fifty-three of 102 (52%) MSSA isolates were cultured from SSTI, 35 (34.3%) from bloodstream infections, 7 (6.9%) from bone infections and 7 (6.9%) from other sterile sites (P = 0.083). Fifteen MRSA isolates (50%) were cultured from blood culture, 7 from (23.3%) SSTI, 4 (13.3%) from bone infections and 4 from (13.3%) other sterile sites. Nine PVL gene harboring S. aureus isolates were isolated from SSTI (75%), 2 from blood culture (16.7%) and 1 from other sterile site (8.3%). Three MRSA (6.7%) isolates were found to be positive for SCCmec type III and 16 MRSA isolates (53.3%) were found to be positive for SCCmec type IV. Three MRSA isolates harboring SCCmec type III was isolated from blood culture, 11 of 16 MRSA isolates harboring SCCmec type IV was isolated from blood culture, 3 isolates were isolated from bone infections and 2 isolates were isolated from SSTI (P < 0.001). Five of 72 (6.9%) hospital-acquired S. aureus isolates and 7 of 60 (11.7%) community-acquired S. aureus isolates were PVL gene positive. Twenty-two of 72 (30.6%) hospital-acquired S. aureus infections and 8 of 60 (13.3%) community-acquired S. aureus isolates were MRSA (P = 0.015). All of the 3 SCCmec III harboring MRSA isolates and 11 of 16 SCCmec IV carrying MRSA isolates were hospital acquired. Hospitalization in the past 1 year was found to increase MRSA infections 3.95 times (P = 0.038, 95% confidence interval: 1.078–14.48).

Conclusions:
As distribution of virulence genes differs among S. aureus isolates from different regions, it is necessary to monitor the emergence of genes encoding PVL, SCCmec in both MRSA and MSSA throughout the world. Our results show a high prevalence of PVL in community-onset S. aureus infections in children. SCCmec type IV was more commonly isolated in hospital-acquired MRSA isolates, and PVL gene was more commonly isolated in community-acquired S. aureus infections.