bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
East Asia expert opinion on treatment initiation for chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Kao Jia‐Horng , Hu Tsung‐Hui , Jia Jidong , Kurosaki Masayuki , Lim Young‐Suk , Lin Han‐Chieh , Sinn Dong Hyun , Tanaka Yasuhito , Wai‐Sun Wong Vincent , Yuen Man‐Fung 
Published: September 2020

SummaryBackgroundGlobally, chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a major public health concern. Timely and effective management can prevent disease progression to cirrhosis and reduce the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Currently, there is no consensus on the clinical management of CHB in East Asia.AimTo establish an East Asia expert opinion on treatment initiation for CHB based on alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level, hepatitis B virus (HBV) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) level, cirrhosis and HCC risk scores.MethodsA meeting was held online with a panel of 10 experts from East Asia to discuss ALT, HBV DNA, cirrhosis and HCC risk scores. Indications for CHB treatment in the latest international guidelines were reviewed. Consensus was summarised to provide recommendations on the initiation of treatment for CHB.ResultsAnti‐viral therapy is recommended for CHB patients with (a) HBV DNA ≥ 2000 IU/mL and ALT ≥ 1× upper limit of normal (ULN); (b) HBV DNA ≥ 2000 IU/mL, ALT < 1× ULN and ≥ F2 fibrosis and/or ≥ A2 necroinflammation occurs; (c) cirrhosis and detectable HBV DNA; or (d) HBV DNA ≥ 2000 IU/mL, ALT < 1× ULN and a family history of cirrhosis or HCC, extrahepatic manifestations or age > 40 years. Patients with cirrhosis and/or HCC should be treated regardless of ALT levels if HBV DNA level is detectable. Initiating anti‐viral therapy or close monitoring at 3‐month intervals is recommended for CHB patients with at least two HCC risk factors.ConclusionsThese expert recommendations will contribute to a new standard of daily clinical practice in East Asia.
A marginal moment matching approach for fitting endemic‐epidemic models to underreported disease surveillance counts
Authors: Bracher Johannes , Held Leonhard 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCount data are often subject to underreporting, especially in infectious disease surveillance. We propose an approximate maximum likelihood method to fit count time series models from the endemic‐epidemic class to underreported data. The approach is based on marginal moment matching where underreported processes are approximated through completely observed processes from the same class. Moreover, the form of the bias when underreporting is ignored or taken into account via multiplication factors is analyzed. Notably, we show that this leads to a downward bias in model‐based estimates of the effective reproductive number. A marginal moment matching approach can also be used to account for reporting intervals which are longer than the mean serial interval of a disease. The good performance of the proposed methodology is demonstrated in simulation studies. An extension to time‐varying parameters and reporting probabilities is discussed and applied in a case study on weekly rotavirus gastroenteritis counts in Berlin, Germany.
Combined administration of lauric acid and glucose improved cancer‐derived cardiac atrophy in a mouse cachexia model
Authors: Nukaga Shota , Mori Takuya , Miyagawa Yoshihiro , Fujiwara‐Tani Rina , Sasaki Takamitsu , Fujii Kiyomu , Mori Shiori , Goto Kei , Kishi Shingo , Nakashima Chie , Ohmori Hitoshi , Kawahara Isao , Luo Yi , Kuniyasu Hiroki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCancer‐derived myocardial damage is an important cause of death in cancer patients. However, the development of dietary interventions for treating such damage has not been advanced. Here, we investigated the effect of dietary intervention with lauric acid (LAA) and glucose, which was effective against skeletal muscle sarcopenia in a mouse cachexia model, on myocardial damage. Treatment of H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts with lauric acid promoted mitochondrial respiration and increased ATP production by Seahorse flux analysis, but did not increase oxidative stress. Glycolysis was also promoted by LAA. In contrast, mitochondrial respiration and ATP production were suppressed, and oxidative stress was increased in an in vitro cachexia model in which cardiomyoblasts were treated with mouse cachexia ascites. Ascites‐treated H9c2 cells with concurrent treatment with LAA and high glucose showed that mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis were promoted more than that of the control, and ATP was restored to the level of the control. Oxidative stress was also reduced by the combined treatment. In the mouse cachexia model, myocardiac atrophy and decreased levels of a marker of muscle maturity, SDS‐soluble MYL1, were observed. When LAA in CE‐2 diet was orally administered alone, no significant rescue was observed in the cancer‐derived myocardial disorder. In contrast, combined oral administration of LAA and glucose recovered myocardial atrophy and MYL1 to levels observed in the control without increase in the cancer weight. Therefore, it is suggested that dietary intervention using a combination of LAA and glucose for cancer cachexia might improve cancer‐derived myocardial damage.
Autophagy regulates levels of tumor suppressor enzyme protein phosphatase 6
Authors: Fujiwara Nobuyuki , Shibutani Shusaku , Sakai Yusuke , Watanabe Toshio , Kitabayashi Issay , Oshima Hiroko , Oshima Masanobu , Hoshida Hisashi , Akada Rinji , Usui Tatsuya , Ohama Takashi , Sato Koichi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractProtein phosphatase 6 (PP6) is an essential serine/threonine protein phosphatase that acts as an important tumor suppressor. However, increased protein levels of PP6 have been observed in some cancer types, and they correlate with poor prognosis in glioblastoma. This raises a question about how PP6 protein levels are regulated in normal and transformed cells. In this study, we show that PP6 protein levels increase in response to pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of autophagy. PP6 associates with autophagic adaptor protein p62/SQSTM1 and is degraded in a p62‐dependent manner. Accordingly, protein levels of PP6 and p62 fluctuate in concert under different physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Our data reveal that PP6 is regulated by p62‐dependent autophagy and suggest that accumulation of PP6 protein in tumor tissues is caused at least partially by deficiency in autophagy.
Baseline levels of seminal reactive oxygen species predict improvements in sperm function following antioxidant therapy in men with infertility
Authors: Vessey Wayne , Saifi Shaghayegh , Sharma Aditi , McDonald Cassandra , Almeida Paula , Figueiredo Monica , Minhas Suks , Virmani Ashraf , Dhillo Waljit S. , Ramsay Jonathan W. , Jayasena Channa N. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPoor sperm function is a major cause of infertility. There is no drug therapy to improve sperm function. Semen oxidative stress is a recently identified pathway for sperm damage. Commercial antioxidants such as L‐carnitine and acetyl‐L‐carnitine (LAL) are commonly self‐administered by infertile men. However, concerns have been raised whether inappropriate LAL therapy causes reductive stress‐mediated sperm damage. It is imperative to investigate whether: (1) LAL improves sperm function by reducing reactive oxidative species (ROS); (2) LAL has differential effects on sperm function between men with normal and elevated ROS.MethodsA prospective cohort study of routine clinical practice was performed in infertile men with abnormal sperm quality. Changes in sperm function and semen ROS levels following three months of oral LAL therapy were compared between participants with baseline seminal normal ROS (≤10RLU/SEC/106sperm; n = 29) and High ROS (>10 RLU/SEC/106sperm; n = 15) levels measured using an established colorimetric‐luminol method.ResultsIn normal ROS group, sperm function did not change following LAL therapy. In high ROS group, LAL therapy reduced semen ROS fivefold, increased sperm count by 50% (mean count in mill/ml: 21.5 + 7.2, baseline; 32.6 + 9.5, post‐treatment, P = .0005), and total and progressive sperm motility each by 30% (mean total sperm motility in % 29.8 + 5.0, baseline: 39.4 + 6.2, post‐treatment, P = .004; mean progressive sperm motility in % 23.1 + 4.6, baseline: 30.0 + 5.5, post‐treatment, P = .014 vs. baseline).ConclusionsWe report for the first time that LAL only improves sperm quality in infertile men who have baseline high‐ROS levels prior to treatment. These data have important potential implications for couples with male infertility and their clinicians.
Artificial intelligence‐based detection of lymph node metastases by PET/CT predicts prostate cancer‐specific survival
Authors: Borrelli Pablo , Larsson Måns , Ulén Johannes , Enqvist Olof , Trägårdh Elin , Poulsen Mads Hvid , Mortensen Mike Allan , Kjölhede Henrik , Høilund‐Carlsen Poul Flemming , Edenbrandt Lars 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionLymph node metastases are a key prognostic factor in prostate cancer (PCa), but detecting lymph node lesions from PET/CT images is a subjective process resulting in inter‐reader variability. Artificial intelligence (AI)‐based methods can provide an objective image analysis. We aimed at developing and validating an AI‐based tool for detection of lymph node lesions.MethodsA group of 399 patients with biopsy‐proven PCa who had undergone 18F‐choline PET/CT for staging prior to treatment were used to train (n = 319) and test (n = 80) the AI‐based tool. The tool consisted of convolutional neural networks using complete PET/CT scans as inputs. In the test set, the AI‐based lymph node detections were compared to those of two independent readers. The association with PCa‐specific survival was investigated.ResultsThe AI‐based tool detected more lymph node lesions than Reader B (98 vs. 87/117; p = .045) using Reader A as reference. AI‐based tool and Reader A showed similar performance (90 vs. 87/111; p = .63) using Reader B as reference. The number of lymph node lesions detected by the AI‐based tool, PSA, and curative treatment was significantly associated with PCa‐specific survival.ConclusionThis study shows the feasibility of using an AI‐based tool for automated and objective interpretation of PET/CT images that can provide assessments of lymph node lesions comparable with that of experienced readers and prognostic information in PCa patients.
Adenosine deaminase cutoff value when diagnosing tuberculous pleurisy in patients aged 40 years and older
Authors: Arpinar Yigitbas Burcu , Satici Celal , Kosar A. Filiz 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionTuberculous pleurisy (TBP) is one of the most common manifestations of extra‐pulmonary tuberculosis. In patients aged ≥40 years, a closed needle pleural biopsy is recommended with an adenosine deaminase (ADA) level of 40‐70 U/L. We aim to investigate whether the cutoff value of ADA and the cancer ratio in patients with TBP aged ≥40 years is different and determine the effects of both compounded biomarkers on diagnosing TBP.Materials and MethodsBetween 2009 and 2016, the ADA levels were measured in pleural effusions from patients who were admitted to the Chest disease clinic.ResultsOf the 196 patients included in the study, 104 were aged ≥40 years. A significant relationship was found between the serum LDH/pleural ADA (sLDH/pADA) ratio and ADA levels in patients aged >40 years (OR: 0.935 and OR: 1.085, respectively). The model using an ADA value ≥30 and an sLDH/pADA ratio <16 yielded a sensitivity of 94.25% (95% CI, 87.1‐98.10) in all patients and 69.23% (95% CI, 54.9‐81.28) in patients aged >40 years.ConclusionADA and the sLDH/pADA ratio are simple, cost‐efficient, and obtain fast results and, therefore, are the preferred methods in TBP diagnosis. The diagnosis rate in the present study was 91% using ADA levels in combination with the sLDH/pADA ratio, both of which can be obtained only through thoracentesis.
Adenomatoid tumor of the skin: Differential diagnosis of an umbilical erythematous plaque
Authors: Ferreira Ingrid , De Lathouwer Olivier , Fierens Hugues , Theunis Anne , André Josette , de Saint Aubain Nicolas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAdenomatoid tumors are benign tumors of mesothelial origin that are usually encountered in the genital tract. Although they have been observed in other organs, the skin appears to be a very rare location, with only one case reported in the literature to our knowledge. We report a second case of an adenomatoid tumor, arising in the umbilicus of a 44‐year‐old woman. The patient presented with an 8‐month‐old erythematous and firm plaque under the umbilicus. A skin biopsy showed numerous microcystic spaces dissecting a fibrous stroma and lined by flattened to cuboidal cells with focal intraluminal papillary formation. This little‐known diagnosis constitutes a diagnostic pitfall for dermatopathologists and dermatologists, and could be misdiagnosed as other benign or malignant entities. Through this case report, a practical approach and diagnostic keys have been devised to avoid misdiagnosis and overtreatment.
Dysarthria syndromes in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Schölderle Theresa , Haas Elisabet , Ziegler Wolfram 
Published: September 2020

AimTo investigate whether dysarthria syndromes acquired in adulthood can also be observed in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and, if so, whether they align with children’s CP subtypes.MethodTwenty‐six children with CP participated (mean age 7y 8mo [SD 1y 2mo], 5y 1mo–9y 10mo; 16 males and 10 females). Speech samples were elicited in a computer‐based game and were analysed using the auditory perceptual criteria of the Bogenhausen Dysarthria Scales (BoDyS). For statistical classification, three comparison groups of adults with standard dysarthria syndromes (i.e. spastic, hyperkinetic, and ataxic) were used. Their BoDyS data were entered into a mixture discriminant analysis, with data from the comparison groups as the training sample and those from the children with CP as the test sample. Results were related to findings in a group of adults with CP.ResultsAmong the children with CP, most had spastic (n=14), while fewer had ataxic (n=9) or hyperkinetic (n=3), dysarthria. However, syndrome allocations were significantly more ambiguous than in adults with CP. For 11 children, their dysarthria syndromes did not align with their CP subtype.InterpretationDysarthria syndromes are less clear cut in children than in adults with CP because of a number of developmental factors.What this paper addsChildren with cerebral palsy (CP) show diverse patterns of dysarthric symptoms.Dysarthria syndromes do not seem to manifest fully during childhood.Dysarthria syndrome and CP subtype may not align in children with CP.
Aberrant salience in adolescents is related to indicators of psychopathology that are relevant in the prodromal phases of psychosis
Authors: Lisi Giulia , Raballo Andrea , Ribolsi Michele , Niolu Cinzia , Siracusano Alberto , Preti Antonio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimAberrant salience has been considered as a predisposing factor during prodromal phases of psychosis and in ultra high‐risk subjects. Most studies investigated the presence of aberrant salience in general population as a measure of vulnerability to psychosis. This study aimed atinvestigating the level of aberrant salience in a sample of Italian high‐school students.MethodsAberrant salience was measured with the Aberrant Salience Inventory (ASI) and its association with measures of general psychopathology (Youth Self Report [YSR]) was tested. A sample of 312 high school students (115 boys, 197 girls; age range: 14 to 19) was recruited.ResultsWithin the ASI and the YSR, the subscales did associate with each other at medium to large effect size, while the associations of the ASI subscales to the YRS scales had small effect sizes, indicating that the two tools measure different constructs. Latent Class Analysis revealed a distribution of aberrant salience across three classes with the intermediate class corresponding to more than half of the sample (58.3%). The class with the highest endorsement of the ASI items included 101 subjects (32.4%). Greater differences by classes were found in the “increased significance” and the “impending understanding” subscales. Higher aberrant salience was found on the anxious/depressed, the somatic complaints, and the thought problems scales of the YSR.ConclusionsAberrant salience represents a common experience in the adolescent population and is associated with various psychopathological disorders, in particular, thought disorder. Aberrant salience might be involved in proneness to psychosis.
The impact of communicating personal mental ill‐health risk: A randomized controlled non‐inferiority trial
Authors: Choi Isabella , Ho Nicholas , Morris Richard , Harvey Samuel B. , Calvo Rafael A. , Glozier Nicholas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimRisk algorithms predicting personal mental ill‐health will form an important component of digital and personalized preventive interventions, yet it is unknown whether informing people of personal risk may cause unintended harm. This trial evaluated the comparative effect of communicating personal mental ill‐health risk profiles on psychological distress.MethodsAustralian participants using a mood‐monitoring app were randomly allocated to receiving their current personal mental ill‐health risk profile (n = 119), their achievable personal risk profile (n = 118) or to a control group (n = 118) in which no risk information was communicated, in a non‐inferiority trial design. The primary outcome was psychological distress at four‐weeks as assessed on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale.ResultsThere was high attrition in the trial with 64% of data missing at follow up. Per‐protocol (completer) analysis found that the lower bounds of the confidence intervals of the estimated mean change of the current risk (m = 0.19, 95% CI: −2.59‐ 2.98) and achievable risk (m = −0.09, 95% CI: −2.84 to 2.66) groups were within the non‐inferiority margin of the control group's mean at follow up. Supplementary intention‐to‐treat analysis using Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations (MICE) found that 98/100 imputed datasets of the current risk profile group, and all imputed datasets of the achievable risk profile group showed non‐inferiority to the control group.ConclusionsThis study provides preliminary support that providing personal mental health risk profiles does not lead to unacceptable worsening of distress compared to no risk feedback, although this needs to be replicated in a fully powered RCT.
Eleven‐year experience implementing a dental undergraduate research programme in a prestigious dental school in China: Lessons learned and future prospects
Authors: Yu Weijun , Sun Yun , Miao Michael , Li Lyuyuan , Zhang Yu , Zhang Lili , Lu Eryi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo summarise the lessons learned from implementing a dental undergraduate research programme over the past eleven years and identify key elements to guarantee the success of dental undergraduate research in the future.Material and MethodsAn overview of 80 research projects from 2007 to 2017 was provided, consisting of 239 participating undergraduates and 47 faculty advisors. Students’ academic performance was compared between participating and non‐participating undergraduates. An anonymous questionnaire was designed and distributed to participants, with VAS satisfaction assessment, Likert‐scale items and open‐ended questions. Questions focused on overall satisfaction, motivation, benefits to student career development and essential elements for the dental undergraduate research programme in the future.ResultsThe undergraduate participants had significantly better scores of GPAs (3.41 vs 3.21; P < 0.0001), obtained more awards on the honour rolls (0.53 vs 0.30; P = 0.0171) and published more peer‐reviewed articles (1.62 vs 1.31; P = 0.0253) than non‐participants. Seventy‐two undergraduates (75.79%) and thirty‐eight advisors (80.85%) responded to the questionnaire. The overall satisfaction was scored as 78.18/100 and 72.36/100 amongst advisors and students, respectively. Interest was considered the best motivation for participation by students (3.81/5.00) and advisors (4.00/5.00). The research programme was beneficial to students’ overall career development. Essential roles played by the dental school, faculty and undergraduates were suggested to improve the research environment.ConclusionThe dental undergraduate research programme has positive effects on students’ academic performance. The support of the dental school, the engagement of qualified faculty, the interest and autonomy of students and camaraderie amongst these three key elements are essential for the research programme in the future.
Does It Matter Anymore? A Study of Childhood Characteristics and Separated Families' Contacts in Adulthood
Authors: Palmtag Eva‐Lisa 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveThe study aimed to explore which factors influence intergenerational contacts between adult children and their separated parents, focusing on childhood characteristics.BackgroundChildren from separated families have less frequent contact with their parents compared with peers from intact families. Yet few studies have examined the heterogeneity in intergenerational contact within separated families.MethodsData were based on Swedish Level of Living Survey. Using linear probability model, the first analysis showed that intergenerational contacts vary depending on family type (n = 2,500). The study then explored variations in contacts within separated families (n = 472).ResultsThe findings show that previous frequent contacts with the nonresident parent were positively correlated with current father–child contacts.ConclusionSeparation has long‐term consequences on intergenerational contacts, and these are partly predicted by childhood characteristics.ImplicationsThe findings suggest, for example, that alternate living (i.e., children living spending equal time with their parents after separation) may contribute to a more equal distribution of the contact between children and their separated parents even in adulthood and help narrow the gender gap in intergenerational contacts within separated families.
Parental Stress and Coparenting Among Adolescent Parents
Authors: Perez‐Brena Norma J. , Duncan Jeneé C. , de Jongh Carolina , Toews Michelle 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveThis research examines the association of parental stress and coparenting dynamics among adolescent mother and father dyads. The current study also examines potential differences between pregnant and parenting dyads in this association.BackgroundThe early transition to parenthood places adolescents at an elevated risk of negative outcomes. Thus, it is important to understand the mechanisms that might place adolescent parents at risk (parental stress) or promote resilience in the transition to parenthood (coparenting dynamics).MethodsUsing the actor–partner interdependence model, the current study examined how parental stress was associated with coparenting communication and conflict among a sample of 105 predominately Latinx adolescent parent dyads.ResultsMothers' reports of parental stress were associated with their own and their coparents' report of coparenting communication and conflict. Fathers' parental stress was only associated with their own coparenting conflict. Further, significant differences were not observed between pregnant and parenting dyads.ConclusionThe results highlight the nuanced gender dynamics between adolescent parents and support the idea that coparenting dynamics are similar across the transition to parenthood.ImplicationsThese findings suggest that parental stress, especially adolescent mothers' parental stress, has a salient influence on coparenting. Thus, programs and services for adolescent parents might target reducing parental stress to improve coparenting dynamics.