bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monocyte/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is superior to neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in the prediction of 3-month overall death in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: SÖKMEN Erdoğan , ÇELİK Mustafa 
Published: November 2019

Aim: Although 30-day mortality rates were improved in the
setting of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STMI), the same does not
hold true for longer-term mortality rates. The ratios of monocyte to
high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MHR) and neutrophil to lymphocyte (NLR)
are novel markers with diagnostic and prognostic significance in various
disease conditions. Our aim was to evaluate the predictive role of MHR and NLR
in in-hospital and 3-month overall death in STMI patients treated with percutaneous
coronary intervention (PCI). Material and Methods: A total of 184 consecutive STMI patients undergoing
PCI were included. NLR, MHR, clinical and demographic characteristics, and
syntax scores were recorded. The patients were divided into two groups
according to the median MHR (group 1, n=92; group 2, n=92). In-hospital and
3-month overall death were noted as the primary outcome.Results: Median MHR was 19.31. In-hospital mortality and 3-month mortality occurred in 14 (15.2%)
and 21 (22.8%) patients, respectively. NLR and number of the patients with
cardiogenic shock on admission were greater in group 2. No mortality occurred
in group 1. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, higher low-density
lipoprotein cholesterol level, higher syntax score and MHR, but not NLR, were
independently associated both with in-hospital and 3-month overall death. In
ROC analysis, MHR &gt;36.6 and MHR &gt;46.81 emerged as cut-off values for
in-hospital and 3-month mortality, respectively.

Conclusion: MHR but not NLR may be utilized in the prediction of
in-hospital and 3-month overall death in acute STMI patients treated with
primary PCI.
The kinetics of grape ripening revisited through berry density sorting
Authors: Bigard Antoine , Romieu Charles , Sire Yannick , Veyret Mélanie , Ojéda Hernan , Torregrosa Laurent 
Published: November 2019

Aim: In this study, ripening and heterogeneity in density-sorted berries were investigated, with the aim of more clearly understanding the kinetics of water uptake and sugar, acid and anthocyanin accumulation in the fruit of a new, disease-resistant hybrid.Methods and results: The 3184-1-9N hybrid, grown in a semi-arid climate in the South of France, was used. Its genotype is the result of several backcrosses of a Muscadinia ´ Vitis vinifera F1 hybrid with several V. vinifera varieties. From the end of the green plateau to the over-ripening stage, single berries were sampled weekly and sorted by density, to monitor the advancement of ripening and the heterogeneity of grapevine fruit development at population level. Fruit firmness, density, fresh weight, primary metabolite content (sugars and organic acids), secondary metabolite content (anthocyanins), potassium content and pH were measured in berries from each density class. The data showed that softening and hexose accumulation occurred before fruit pigmentation. Based on malic acid and anthocyanin concentration relative to sugar concentration in density-sorted grapes, malic acid breakdown or dilution was promoted and anthocyanin accumulation reduced in late- or slow-ripening berries. In the different population structures in two experimental plots, berries with similar sugar concentration showed considerable heterogeneity in terms of volume and anthocyanin content, whereas pH, potassium content and acid content showed much more homogeneous kinetics.Conclusions: During ripening, analysis of density-sorted berries provides useful information about sugar concentration heterogeneity and its relation with organic acid and anthocyanin content. The stage at which grapes can be considered ripe may be precisely determined through periodic determination of mean berry volume or weight, to detect the cessation of phloem unloading and the onset of berry shrivelling. However, ripening and shrivelling berries generally coexist in the harvested population. Asynchronous berry development and berry weight heterogeneity greatly complicate determination of the timing of developmental events that are regulated at the single-berry level. Therefore, analysis of individual berries would seem to be an indispensable component of investigations of berry growth and development.Significance and impact of the study: Plotting water uptake and solute accumulation relative to sugar accumulation (as an internal clock) provides an original way to display grapevine fruit development data. Analysis of density-sorted berries has identified the relatively invariant fruit features, such as the minimum concentration of tartaric acid, the stability of potassium accumulation and pH, and conversely, the huge variations in berry size.
Fetomaternal outcomes in patients with Uterine Rupture managed at Bugando Medical Centre, Tanzania: 5-year review of cases
Authors: Mrema Simon , Massinde Anthony , Matovelo Dismas , Kihunrwa Albert , Rumanyika Richard , Kidenya Benson R. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Uterine rupture is one of the major obstetric complications, associated with adverse fetal and maternal outcomes including hemorrhage, genital urinary injury, low Apgar scores, fetomaternal deaths. There is a paucity of data regarding uterine rupture and its consequences among pregnant women in Mwanza, Tanzania. As a result, it is difficult to know the magnitude of the problem and formulate appropriate measures to reduce its incidence. This study was thus conducted to determine the cumulative incidence, risk factors, fetal and maternal outcomes among women with uterine rupture managed at Bugando Medical Centre (BMC), Mwanza-Tanzania.Methods This was a 5-year (2013 to 2017) retrospective descriptive study of cases of uterine rupture at BMC. The case files were collected from medical records department and maternal demographic information, clinical presentation, risk factors, interventions and feto-maternal outcomes were extracted using a checklist. Data were analyzed using STATA software version 13.Results There were 37,763 deliveries within five years. Caesarean section accounted for a quarter (n=9,136) of these deliveries. During this period 81 cases of ruptured uterus were identified, making a cumulative incidence of 2.2 cases per 1,000 deliveries. Common risk factors for uterine rupture were history of previous caesarean section 54% (n=36), obstructed labor 37% (n=25), grandmultiparity 19.4% (n=13) and use of oxytocin 21% (n=14). Maternal case fatality rate in this study was 1.5% (n=1). More than half of cases had hysterectomy while about a third (n=25) had uterine repair without bilateral tubal ligation (BTL). Over 80% (n=55) of cases required blood transfusion. Sepsis developed in 21% (n=14) of cases and vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) in 12% (n=8). Perinatal case fatality rate was 72% (n=48). Out of the 24 babies who were born alive, 37.5% (n=9) had low Apgar scores and 20.8% (n=5) died before discharge.Conclusion The leading risk factor for uterine rupture seen was previous caesarean scar and obstructed labor associated with high perinatal case fatality rate. Improvement in monitoring of patients in labor is necessary to detect early features of uterine rupture, obstructed labour and fetal compromise. This will contribute to reduced incidence of uterine rupture and improve fetomaternal outcomes.
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of glycine-rich protein genes in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis)
Authors: Lu Xiaonan , Gao Ming , Cheng Yaxiong , Li Meilan , XU Xiaoyong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Plant Glycine-rich proteins, a superfamily with a glycine-rich domain, play an important role in various stress such as low temperature, drought, high salt, and so on. Although the research of GRP genes has been reported in many plants, the GRP gene has seldom reported in Chinese cabbage so far. Research results made a guide to further understand the function of BrGRP genes in Chinese cabbage. Results In this study, a total of 141 glycine-rich protein genes were identified in Chinese cabbage by homology comparative analysis. A further prediction of physical and chemical characteristics revealed that 58.3% of BrGRPs were alkalines, 63.1% of BrGRPs were unstable, and 73.8% were hydrophilic. Conserved domain analysis showed that 110 BrGRPs contained 18 same conserved motifs, and could be classified into five main subclasses which the evolutionary relationship and gene structure may be conserved while the other 31 BrGRPs, including Bra014168 , Bra040002 , etc, may gain new functions or gradually lost gene functions according to the evolution process. These identified BrGRP genes were also located in ten chromosomes and three different subgenomes of Chinese cabbage, and 101 pairs of orthologous GRP genes were found between Chinese cabbage and Arabidopsis. According to the opened transcriptome data, we found that 138 BrGRP genes showed abnormal expression at high temperature, 108 BrGRP genes showed abnormal expression at low temperature, and 74 at drought stress, 47 at soft rot stress, while only 3 and 7 genes at ozone and salt stress, respectively. Further promoter motif analysis found that a large number of stress-related cis-acting elements, such as DRE, MYC, MYB, and ABRE, were identified in their promoter regions, which were in correspondence with previous differential expression. In addition, some BrGRP genes were involved in multiple stresses suggested their broad-spectrum resistance. Conclusion A total of 141 GRP genes were identified in Chinese cabbage, which suggested their potential roles in plant stress response. But the molecular mechanisms by which BrGRP genes respond and resist biotic and abiotic stress remain unclear. These results may provide an important basis for the study of their function in Chinese cabbage.
Oral Contraceptive Used More than 5 Years is Associated with Increased Risk of Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of 28,776 South East Asian Women
Authors: Nindrea Ricvan Dana , Aryandono Teguh , Anwar Sumadi Lukman , Lazuardi Lutfan , Harahap Wirsma Arif , Dwiprahasto Iwan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer associated with variety of hormonal inter-ethnic and reproductive factors. Duration of oral contraceptives use with breast cancer risk is not well understood in Southeast Asian women.
Methods: A comprehensive literature search of published articles from January 2001 to June 2019 (PubMed, ProQuest, and EBSCO online article databases) and meta-analysis were performed to link the duration of oral contraceptive application with risk of breast cancer among women in Southeast Asia. We identified the reference category, being ≤5 years' duration and >5 years' duration of oral contraceptive application. We use the Fixed and random-effect models to rely pooled odds ratios (OR). Egger's and Begg's test used for publication bias was presented with funnel plots. All analyzed data in Review Manager 5.3 (RevMan 5.3) and Stata version 14.2.
Results: A total of 385 studies were reviewed and 10 studies involving a total of 28,776 women were included in a meta-analysis. This study found a slight increase in breast cancer risk in Southeast Asian women with oral contraceptives application ≤5 years with OR = 1.21 (95% CI 0.96-1.52, p>0.05). A higher risk of breast cancer was found in women with oral contraceptive application >5 years with OR = 2.66 (95% CI 1.79-3.94, p<0.00001). Publication bias and heterogeneity were not found particularly in a group of Southeast Asian women with oral contraceptive application for more than 5 years.
Conclusion: Oral contraceptives use more than 5 years are at a higher risk in breast cancer among women in Southeast Asia. Although other reproductive factors including age at first childbirth, menarche, menopause, and lactation might influence the risk of breast cancer.
Keywords: breast cancer, five years, oral contraceptive, Southeast Asia
Identification of the innate normal tissue specific genes and acquired tumor specific genes in determining the tumor transcriptional profiles
Authors: Wang Haiwei , Wang Xinrui , Xu Liangpu , Zhang Ji , Cao Hua 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: For a specific cancer type, the transcriptional profile is determined by the combination of innate transcriptional features of the original normal tissue and the acquired transcriptional characteristics mediated by genomic and epigenetic aberrations in the tumor development. However, the classification of innate normal tissue specific genes and acquired tumor specific genes is not studied in a pan-cancer manner. Methods: The innate and acquired gene expression profiles in each tumor type were studied using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) RNA-seq dataset. The prognostic effects of the tumor acquired genes were determined by “survival” package in R software. The methylation of the tumor acquired genes was delineated using TCGA HumanMethylation450 microarray data. Results: 90% liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) specific genes are derived from innate normal liver specific genes. On the contrary, 90.3% kidney clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) specific genes and 90.9 % lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) specific genes are acquired in the tumor developmental progress. The innate normal tissue specific genes are down regulated in tumor tissues, while, the tumor acquired specific genes are up regulated in the tumor tissues. The innate normal tissue specific genes and the tumors acquired specific genes are both associated with the tumor overall survival in some tumor types. The hyper-DNA methylation of normal tissue specific genes is contributing to the inhibition of normal tissue specific genes expression in cancer cells. And the tumor acquired specific genes are activated by hypo-DNA methylation and genomic aberrations. Conclusions: Our results provide descriptions of the specific transcriptional features across cancer types and suggest that the tumor acquired specific genes are potential targets for anti-cancer therapy.
The effect of gestational diabetes mellitus on sufentanil consumption after cesarean section: A prospective cohort study
Authors: yang chen , Geng WeiLian , Hu Jianying , Huang Shaoqiang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Previous studies have shown that patients with long-term diabetes require more opioids after surgery than patients without diabetes. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) normally only lasts for a brief period; nevertheless, its effect on sufentanil consumption after cesarean section is unknown. Methods: This prospective cohort study included two groups: a GDM group (n=32) and a matched non-GDM (NGDM) group (n=32). All patients underwent routine combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Sufentanil consumption through an intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump, the frequency of PCA requests, and visual analog scale (VAS) scores 6 and 24 hours after surgery were compared between groups. Results: Sufentanil consumption (µg) 6 hours after surgery was higher in the GDM group than in the NGDM group (24.0±6.6 vs 20.1±5.7, P=0.023). PCA was used more frequently 6 and 24 hours after surgery by the GDM group than by the NGDM group (1[0-2] vs 0[0-1], P=0.001; 6[4-8] vs 3[1-5], P=0.001, respectively). The VAS score during activity 24 hours after surgery was higher in the GDM group than in the NGDM group (5[5-6] vs 5[4-5], respectively, P=0.03). Conclusion: Pregnant women with GDM require more opioids during the immediate postoperative period after cesarean section than those without GDM.
Dominant decomposition pathways in pit latrines: a commentary
Authors: Bourgault Catherine , Shaw Kelsey , Dorea Caetano C. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In a recent article an assessment of decomposition within pit latrines measured with regard to chemical oxygen demand (COD) reductions was reported on. Some fundamental concerns were raised with regard to a key assumption of the study. The alternative perspective that is presented here does not support the study's conclusion that anaerobic processes are the dominant decomposition pathway in pit latrines. Furthermore, it is argued that their analysis and some implications of their data interpretation can be viewed in a different manner.
Prenatal Stress and Maternal Immune Dysregulation in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Potential Points for Intervention
Authors: Beversdorf David Q. , Stevens Hanna E. , Margolis Kara Gross , Van de Water Judy 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Genetics is a major etiological contributor to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Environmental
factors, however, also appear to contribute. ASD pathophysiology due to gene x environment is also beginning
to be explored. One reason to focus on environmental factors is that they may allow opportunities for
intervention or prevention.

Methods And Results:
Herein, we review two such factors that have been associated with a significant proportion
of ASD risk, prenatal stress exposure and maternal immune dysregulation. Maternal stress susceptibility appears
to interact with prenatal stress exposure to affect offspring neurodevelopment. We also explore how maternal
stress may interact with the microbiome in the neurodevelopmental setting. Additionally, understanding of the
impact of maternal immune dysfunction on ASD has recently been advanced by recognition of specific fetal brain
proteins targeted by maternal autoantibodies, and identification of unique mid-gestational maternal immune profiles.
This might also be interrelated with maternal stress exposure. Animal models have been developed to explore
pathophysiology targeting each of these factors.

Conclusions:
We are beginning to understand the behavioral, pharmacopathological, and epigenetic effects related
to these interactions, and we are beginning to explore potential mitigating factors. Continued growth in understanding
of these mechanisms may ultimately allow for the identification of multiple potential targets for prevention
or intervention for this subset of environmental-associated ASD cases.
SEMANTIC NETWORK OF THE WORD ASSOCIATION IN THE FIELD OF LAW
Authors: Prihatini Arti 
Published: November 2019

Word association can be utilized for identifying semantic network and describing point of view and prior knowledge of someone. This study aims to discuss two focuses, (1) the categorization of response word and (2) language factors that form semantic networks from the response words of word association in the field of law. This research uses a qualitative approach which is a type of descriptive case study research. Data collection held by using a word association questionaire. Based on the word categorization, the results showed that the stimulus words in the form of nouns were the most responded by nouns, verbs were the most responded by nouns, while the adjectives were responded more by an adjectives. Overall, responses in the form of nouns are 64.71%, verbs are 17.70%, adjectives are 17.58%. The responses in the form of nouns are related to the semantic relations of argument and predication, while the adjective response tends to be related to other adjectives in the unity of the semantic network. The response words form semantic network based on language factors, namely (1) lexical factors that consist of meaning relationship, connotation of meaning, concreteness and abstractness and (2) grammatical factors that consist of syntagmatic-paradigmatic and predication-argument relationship. Keywords: semantic network, word association, mental lexicon
IN SILICO STUDY OF MONOSACCHARIDE COMPOUNDS EFFECT ON B CELL RECEPTORS (BCR) FROM NONI FRUIT (MORINDA CITRIFOLIA)
Authors: ANWAR LA ODE MUHAMMAD , RUMIYATI  , SASMITO EDIATI 
Published: November 2019

Objective: Noni fruit has been widely used as a treatment. The content of saccharides in noni can affect the immune system, especially as independent antigens (TI) against B cell receptors (BCR). TI can produce antibodies without being influenced by T cells. Therefore, this study aims to look at the effect of IT on BCR with the in silico method approach.
Methods: Ligands were obtained from Zink Web and macromolecules were obtained from Protein Data Bank with code 2H32. Ligand optimization using VegaZZ software and macromolecules is optimized using UCSF Chimera software. Ligands and macromolecules are docking using MOE software.
Result: The results showed that monosaccharide compounds have an interaction with BCR, which is characterized by a decrease in free energy. The D-Galactose compound has the largest binding affinity of-4.80 kcal/mol.
Conclusion: Monosaccharide compounds are independent antigens (TI) of noni (Morinda citrifolia) that can affect on B cell receptors (BCR), which have identical epitopes.
SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES AS ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
Authors: SHINDE VANDANA BABAN , RASKAR MANISH ASHOK 
Published: November 2019

Objective: The present study aims to synthesize and biological evaluation of benzimidazole derivatives as antimicrobial agents.
Methods: 2-Methylbenzimidazole react with ethyl-chloroacetate gives N1-Ethylacetate-2-methyl-benzimidazole (1), which on reaction with thiosemicarbazide gives N1-acetylthiosemicarbazide-2-methyl-benzimidazole (2). The compound (2) on dehydrative annulation by mineral acid gives N1-(2’-amino-5’-methylene)-1’,3’,4’-thiadiazole-2-methyl-benzimidazole(3), which on condensation with various aromatic and hetero aromatic aldehydes gives N1-(2-substituted-Benzylidene-imino-5’-methylene)-1’, 3’, 4’-Thiadiazole]-2-methyl-benzimidazole(4a-4l).
Results: The reaction sequence involves microwave-induced preparation of N1-Ethylacetate-2-methyl-benzimidazole (1) from reaction of 2-methylbenzimidazole with ethyl-chloroacetate. Further reaction with thiosemicarbazide gives N1-acetylthiosemicarbazide-2-methyl-benzimidazole (2). The compound (2) on dehydrative annulation by sulfuric acid gives N1-(2’-amino-5’-methylene)-1’,3’,4’-thiadiazole-2-methyl-benzimidazole(3), which on condensation with various aromatic and hetero aromatic aldehydes gives N1-(2-substituted-Benzylidene-imino-5’-methylene)-1’, 3’, 4’-Thiadiazole]-2-methyl-benzimidazole(4a-4l). Which were characterized by IR and 1H NMR spectral data.
Conclusion: All the synthesized compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity by cup plate method. Most of the derivatives showed good antimicrobial activity against Gram-Positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
INDICATIONS OF PRIMARY CAESAREAN SECTIONS AMONG IRAQI WOMEN IN KARBALA CITY DURING 2018
Authors: MOHAMMAD EMAN MAHDI , AL-GHABBAN SAAD IBRAHIM , AL-ALAK MOUSA MOHSIN 
Published: November 2019

Objective: To study the different indications of primary caesarean sections for women attending Karbala Maternity Teaching Hospital and Al-kafeel Super Specialty hospital.
Methods: This was cross-sectional study, the sample was 330 women. Over the period from 1st January 2018 to [30]th June 2018. Questionnaire was filled by direct interviews. A pilot study was done; the subjects of the pilot including 20 women with previous PCS, and some modifications were occurred done accordingly. The sample of study was convenient sample including all women for whom PCS was done in the first time, it was 330 women. Then data was entered and analyzed by SPSS program version 22.
Results: The commonest age group in this study was (25-29) year, which represent 32.1%. Majority of the study sample (49.7%) were primigravida. The percentage of indications of Caesarean section include fetal distress 22.1%, prolonged labor18.5%, malpresentation 17.3% and amniotic fluid leakage 16.4%. Emergency CS had 43.6%, and maternal request had 21.5%.
Conclusion: Largest number of participant were primigravidarum which read big and serious problem for women life in future. Most women had taken regular antenatal care. Fetal distress and prolonged labor were the most common indications for caesarean section. Fetal outcome was good that reflect good antenatal care and perinatal care.