bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary Habits and Personal Care Product Use as Predictors of Urinary Concentrations of Parabens in Iranian Adolescents
Authors: Hajizadeh Yaghoub , Kiani Feizabadi Ghasem , Feizi Awat 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Despite the widespread use of parabens as antimicrobial preservatives in personal care products (PCPs) and foodstuffs, recent studies show that exposure to parabens could result in endocrine disruption. The urinary methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben among 100 adolescents and their relationships with using 19 personal care and 18 food products were evaluated. Urinary paraben concentrations were significantly higher in the high-user group (8–19 products) compared to both low (0–3 products) and middle (4–7 products) user groups. The frequency of PCP use was associated with higher urinary levels of 4 parabens, and the frequency of food product use was associated with higher urinary methylparaben and ethylparaben. The use of mouthwash was associated with higher levels of methylparaben, ethylparaben, and propylparaben. Users of makeup base had higher methylparaben and propylparaben, users of eye makeup had higher propylparaben, and users of body wash, sunscreen, and lotion had higher urinary propylparaben than nonusers. Consumers of dairy products had significantly higher urinary methylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben, and cookie consumers had higher urinary methylparaben and ethylparaben, than nonusers. Consumers of canned foods and chips/snacks had higher methylparaben, and consumers of sauces and jams had higher ethylparaben than nonconsumers. The findings show that certain types of foods and personal care products could be important sources of paraben exposure. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2378–2388. © 2020 SETAC
ECS‐CP‐ABE: A lightweight elliptic curve signcryption scheme based on ciphertext‐policy attribute‐based encryption to secure downlink multicast communication in edge envisioned advanced metering infrastructure networks
Authors: Khasawneh Samer , Kadoch Michel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAs an integral part of the smart grid, advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) implements two‐way communication to enable the smart grid achieving the desired performance improvements over the legacy grid. Integrating communication in addition to the inherited weakness of the power grid paves the way to countless number of security threats to target its communication networks, therefore ensuring secure data exchange is a key concern for AMI networks. In this regard, many schemes are proposed in the literature to secure this two‐way communication, however, very little effort has been focused on multicast transmissions carried out between the control center and a group of smart meters. In order to empower efficient, authentic, and confidential data exchange, this article proposes a new signcryption scheme for multicast downlink communication in edge envisioned AMI networks. The proposed scheme is constructed based on ciphertext‐policy attribute‐based encryption to attain secure fine‐grained access control for the multirecipient communication between the utility control center and a group of smart meters. The novelty of our scheme lies behind the fact that it is an elliptic curve cryptosystem that is pairing free, in opposite to most ABE schemes. Instead of the complex bilinear pairing operations, we exploited faster elliptic curve point multiplication operations to construct the proposed signcryption model. we demonstrate the strength of our protocol in defending against passive, collusion, reply, data modification, and signature forgery attacks. Simulation results prove the efficiency of our protocol in terms of messages size and computation complexity when compared with other schemes.
Anti‐cholinesterase and antioxidant properties of alkaloid and phenolic‐rich extracts from pawpaw (Carica papaya) leaf: A comparative study
Authors: Adedayo Bukola C. , Oyeleye Sunday I. , Okeke Bathlomew M. , Oboh Ganiyu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCarica papaya, commonly known as pawpaw, is a tropical plant cultivated for its edible ripe fruits. However, its leaf is being use traditionally against several life‐threatening illnesses, including Alzheimer disease (AD). This study compared the cholinesterases (ChEs) inhibitory effect and antioxidant property of alkaloid and phenolic [aqueous, acetone and methanol‐HCL (0.1:50 w/v)] rich extracts of Pawpaw leaf. The extracts were prepared to the concentration of 2 mg/mL, thereafter, effect on ChEs [acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)] activities, and production of quinolone (QA) and Fe‐induced thiobarbituric reactive acid species (TBARS)] as well as antioxidant [ferric reducing antioxidant property (FRAP), 2, 2‐diphenyl‐1‐ picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability] properties were determined. Total phenol and flavonoid contents of the phenolic‐rich extracts, as well as gas chromatography analysis of an alkaloid extract, were carried out. Results revealed that hydromethanolic extract had the highest AChE inhibitory effect while aqueous extract had the highest BChE inhibitory potential. Hydromethanolic extract demonstrated highest inhibitory effect on Fe2+‐induced TBARS production, while alkaloid extract had strong inhibition on QA‐induced TBARS production. Aqueous extract had the highest total phenol content, while hydromethanolic extract had the highest total flavonoid content. All the extract exhibited anticholinesterases and antioxidant properties, however, hydromethanolic extract appears to be the most potent and could be as a result of its rich flavonoid content. The biological properties of the studied extract could be the underlying neuromodulatory mechanism of actions of pawpaw leaf in folklore against some neurological disorders.
Effects of Astragalus Membranaceus supplementation on oxidative stability of Cashmere goat
Authors: Luo Yulong , Su Lin , Su Rina , Wang Bohui , Liu Chang , Wang Zhenggang , Zhao Lihua , Jin Ye 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAstragalus membranaceus (AM) provides a rich source of polysaccharides that can act as powerful antioxidants, but their potential as feed ingredients in the lamb industry still rarely exploited. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary astragalus membranaceus supplementation on oxidative stability of goat muscles. Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles from two groups of Cashmere goat (basal diet, C group; basal diet supplemented with 1% astragalus membranaceus root, AM group) were evaluated for lipid oxidation, myoglobin oxidation, activity of antioxidant enzymes, and antioxidant capacity. The results showed that color parameters in Cashmere goat of two feeding conditions were no significant difference (p > .05). In AM group, myoglobin (Mb) content was higher than C, while metmyoglobin (MMb) (p < .05) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < .01) were lower. Additionally astragalus membranaceus supplementation had a significant effect on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) (p < .001). In whole, the AM group goats presented a relatively higher antioxidant capacity than C. Especially, RSA and CUPRAC values of AM group goats had significantly higher than C (p < .05). Consequently, the AM group goats ingested abundant astragalus membranaceus, which enhanced the antioxidant capacity. Thus, it can eliminate free radicals and effectively inhibit oxidation.
Doxorubicin and Trifolium pratense L. (Red clover) extract synergistically inhibits brain and lung metastases in 4T1 tumor‐bearing BALB/c mice
Authors: Akbaribazm Mohsen , Khazaei Mohammad Rasoul , Khazaei Fatemeh , Khazaei Mozafar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTrifolium pratense L. (Red clover—T. pratense) commonly consumed as a healthy beverage has been demonstrated to have various biological activities including antioxidant and anticancer effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimetastasis effects of doxorubicin (DOX) and T. pratense extract in 4T1 tumor‐bearing BALB/c mice. In this study, 56 female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 8/group) to receive DOX and T. pratense extract in three different doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day) for 35 days. On day 36 after starting treatments, serum cytokines (IL‐8 and IL‐6) were measured. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed for GATA‐3 in the brain and lung, and for CK5/6 in tumor tissues. Metastasis‐related gene (matrix metalloproteinase‐2 [MMP‐2] and sirtuin‐1 [SIRT‐1]) expressions were also measured by real‐time PCR. Our results showed that cotreatment with DOX and T. pratense extract improved stereological parameters (i.e., reduction in the volume of metastatic tumors) in the lung and brain and decreased the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL‐8 and IL‐6). DOX and T. pratense extract synergistically down‐regulated MMP‐2 and up‐regulated SIRT‐1 genes, decreased the number of CK5/6‐positive cells in tumor tissues, and inhibited metastasis of GATA‐3‐positive cells into the lung and brain. The combination of T. pratense extract and DOX synergistically inhibited the metastasis of 4T1 xenograft cells in a dose‐dependent manner.
Longitudinal atrophy in early Braak regions in preclinical Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Xie Long , Wisse Laura E. M. , Das Sandhitsu R. , Vergnet Nicolas , Dong Mengjin , Ittyerah Ranjit , de Flores Robin , Yushkevich Paul A. , Wolk David A. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: September 2020

AbstractA major focus of Alzheimer's disease (AD) research has been finding sensitive outcome measures to disease progression in preclinical AD, as intervention studies begin to target this population. We hypothesize that tailored measures of longitudinal change of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) subregions (the sites of earliest cortical tangle pathology) are more sensitive to disease progression in preclinical AD compared to standard cognitive and plasma NfL measures. Longitudinal T1‐weighted MRI of 337 participants were included, divided into amyloid‐β negative (Aβ−) controls, cerebral spinal fluid p‐tau positive (T+) and negative (T−) preclinical AD (Aβ+ controls), and early prodromal AD. Anterior/posterior hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, Brodmann areas (BA) 35 and 36, and parahippocampal cortex were segmented in baseline MRI using a novel pipeline. Unbiased change rates of subregions were estimated using MRI scans within a 2‐year‐follow‐up period. Experimental results showed that longitudinal atrophy rates of all MTL subregions were significantly higher for T+ preclinical AD and early prodromal AD than controls, but not for T− preclinical AD. Posterior hippocampus and BA35 demonstrated the largest group differences among hippocampus and MTL cortex respectively. None of the cross‐sectional MTL measures, longitudinal cognitive measures (PACC, ADAS‐Cog) and cross‐sectional or longitudinal plasma NfL reached significance in preclinical AD. In conclusion, longitudinal atrophy measurements reflect active neurodegeneration and thus are more directly linked to active disease progression than cross‐sectional measurements. Moreover, accelerated atrophy in preclinical AD seems to occur only in the presence of concomitant tau pathology. The proposed longitudinal measurements may serve as efficient outcome measures in clinical trials.
A meta‐analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of divergent thinking using activation likelihood estimation
Authors: Cogdell‐Brooke Lucy S. , Sowden Paul T. , Violante Inês R. , Thompson Hannah E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThere are conflicting findings regarding brain regions and networks underpinning creativity, with divergent thinking tasks commonly used to study this. A handful of meta‐analyses have attempted to synthesise findings on neural mechanisms of divergent thinking. With the rapid proliferation of research and recent developments in fMRI meta‐analysis approaches, it is timely to reassess the regions activated during divergent thinking creativity tasks. Of particular interest is examining the evidence regarding large‐scale brain networks proposed to be key in divergent thinking and extending this work to consider the role of the semantic control network. Studies utilising fMRI with healthy participants completing divergent thinking tasks were systematically identified, with 20 studies meeting the criteria. Activation Likelihood Estimation was then used to integrate the neuroimaging results across studies. This revealed four clusters: the left inferior parietal lobe; the left inferior frontal and precentral gyrus; the superior and medial frontal gyrus and the right cerebellum. These regions are key in the semantic network, important for flexible retrieval of stored knowledge, highlighting the role of this network in divergent thinking.
Nonlinear engagement of action observation network underlying action anticipation in players with different levels of expertise
Authors: Chen Yin‐Hua , Chang Chih‐Yen , Huang Shih‐Kuei , Yen Nai‐Shing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe goal of this study was to reconcile inconsistency of neural engagement underlying action anticipation between experts and nonexperts, as well as between correct and incorrect anticipations. Therefore, we asked novice, intermediate, and skilled baseball batters (N, IB, and SB) to anticipate their swing decisions in response to pitching videos of a strike or ball, using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Behavioral results confirmed the effect of expertise that is generally shown in a linear fashion. Imaging results instead revealed a nonlinear relationship between expertise level and the evoked response amplitude of nodes within the action observation network. The relationship was best captured by an inverted U‐shaped quadratic response profile across the three groups such that IB exhibited higher activation than did both SB and N. These empirical findings extend the framework of predictive coding as well as of neural efficiency in anticipating the action of others, and they might be associated with the underlying process to interpret the goal of the observed action and prepare one's own response. Furthermore, the right anterior cerebellum showed different levels of activation for correct and incorrect anticipations in all groups, adding novel evidence of its subtle involvement in anticipation processes irrespective of expertise status.
Hippocampal subfield volumes are nonspecifically reduced in premature‐born adults
Authors: Hedderich Dennis M. , Avram Mihai , Menegaux Aurore , Nuttall Rachel , Zimmermann Juliana , Schneider Sebastian C. , Schmitz‐Koep Benita , Daamen Marcel , Scheef Lukas , Boecker Henning , Zimmer Claus , Baumann Nicole , Bartmann Peter , Wolke Dieter , Bäuml Josef G. , Sorg Christian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractReduced global hippocampus volumes have been demonstrated in premature‐born individuals, from newborns to adults; however, it is unknown whether hippocampus subfield (HCSF) volumes are differentially affected by premature birth and how relevant they are for cognitive performance. To address these questions, we investigated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐derived HCSF volumes in very premature‐born adults, and related them with general cognitive performance in adulthood. We assessed 103 very premature‐born (gestational age [GA] <32 weeks and/or birth weight <1,500 g) and 109 term‐born individuals with cognitive testing and structural MRI at 26 years of age. HCSFs were automatically segmented based on three‐dimensional T1‐ and T2‐weighted sequences and studied both individually and grouped into three functional units, namely hippocampus proper (HP), subicular complex (SC), and dentate gyrus (DG). Cognitive performance was measured using the Wechsler‐Adult‐Intelligence‐Scale (full‐scale intelligence quotient [FS‐IQ]) at 26 years. We observed bilateral volume reductions for almost all HCSF volumes in premature‐born adults and associations with GA and neonatal treatment intensity but not birth weight. Left‐sided HP, SC, and DG volumes were associated with adult FS‐IQ. Furthermore, left DG volume was a mediator of the association between GA and adult FS‐IQ in premature‐born individuals. Results demonstrate nonspecifically reduced HCSF volumes in premature‐born adults; but specific associations with cognitive outcome highlight the importance of the left DG. Data suggest that specific interventions toward hippocampus function might be promising to lower adverse cognitive effects of prematurity.
Motion opponency examined throughout visual cortex with multivariate pattern analysis of fMRI data
Authors: Silva Andrew E. , Thompson Benjamin , Liu Zili 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study explores how the human brain solves the challenge of flicker noise in motion processing. Despite providing no useful directional motion information, flicker is common in the visual environment and exhibits omnidirectional motion energy which is processed by low‐level motion detectors. Models of motion processing propose a mechanism called motion opponency that reduces flicker processing. Motion opponency involves the pooling of local motion signals to calculate an overall motion direction. A neural correlate of motion opponency has been observed in human area MT+/V5, whereby stimuli with perfectly balanced motion energy constructed from dots moving in counter‐phase elicit a weaker response than nonbalanced (in‐phase) motion stimuli. Building on this previous work, we used multivariate pattern analysis to examine whether the activation patterns elicited by motion opponent stimuli resemble that elicited by flicker noise across the human visual cortex. Robust multivariate signatures of opponency were observed in V5 and in V3A. Our results support the notion that V5 is centrally involved in motion opponency and in the reduction of flicker. Furthermore, these results demonstrate the utility of multivariate analysis methods in revealing the role of additional visual areas, such as V3A, in opponency and in motion processing more generally.
Temporal bone carcinoma: Novel prognostic score based on clinical and histological features
Authors: Zanoletti Elisabetta , Franz Leonardo , Cazzador Diego , Franchella Sebastiano , Calvanese Leonardo , Nicolai Piero , Mazzoni Antonio , Marioni Gino 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to develop a novel temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma (TBSCC) prognosis scoring system and compare it with the revised Pittsburgh staging system.MethodsForty‐four consecutive TBSCC patients were assessed to identify predictors of recurrence. Each predictor's hazard ratio for recurrence was used to develop our novel scoring system.ResultsBased on variables with P < .10 in Cox's regression model, our score included: revised Pittsburgh stage; non‐anterior spread of T4 carcinoma; dural involvement; and histological grade. A higher recurrence rate (P = .000) and shorter disease‐free survival (P = .000) were associated with scores of ≥5. The area under the curve of our score was larger than that of the revised Pittsburgh stage for both recurrence and disease‐specific mortality (P = .0178 and P = .0193, respectively).ConclusionOur TBSCC scoring system is based on variables that are obtainable preoperatively from clinical and radiological data and biopsies. Its prognostic value should be validated for published TBSCC series and then in prospective settings.
Incorporating genomic medicine into primary‐level health care for chronic non‐communicable diseases in Mexico: A qualitative study
Authors: Bravo María L. , Santiago‐Angelino Tania M. , González‐Robledo Luz M. , Nigenda Gustavo , Seiglie Jacqueline A. , Serván‐Mori Edson 
Published: September 2020

SummaryObjectiveTo analyze the viability of incorporating genomic medicine technology into the process of detecting and diagnosing chronic non‐communicable diseases (CNCDs) at primary‐care facilities in Mexico, and to discuss its implications for health systems in other countries with similar characteristics.Material and methodsWe conducted 29 semi‐structured interviews with health authorities as well as providers and users of health services in the state of Morelos. We investigated knowledge of genomic technology among interviewees; the accessibility, management, and organization of health services; and CNCDs prevention, control, and care practices.ResultsThe incorporation of genomic medicine technology into the CNCDs primary‐care process is viable. However, the following challenges were identified: a lack of knowledge and limited information among interviewees regarding the effectiveness and benefits of genomic medicine technology, coupled with the need to mobilize and reassign trained human resources for drawing, registering, safeguarding, transporting, and controlling the quality of the genetic samples, as well as for the outsourcing of private laboratory services.ConclusionUsing genetic information to detect CNCDs at an early stage offers an enormous potential for upgrading CNCDs prevention and control efforts. This, in turn, could translate into more efficient and financially sustainable health systems in Mexico and other low‐ and middle‐income countries.
Numerical investigation on location of protrusions and dimples during slot jet impingement on a concave surface using hybrid ANN–GA
Authors: Singh Alankrita 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNumerical simulations using ANSYS Fluent 17.2 are explored for a detailed discussion on jet impingement over a compound dimpled and protrusioned concave surface. Previous researchers have proved that both dimples and protrusions help in heat transfer augmentation. However, the combined effect of dimple and protrusion over a concave surface is still not studied, which may show a significant improvement in heat transfer. Therefore, the present study is devoted to the alternate location of dimple and protrusion over a concave surface for enhancement in impingement heat transfer. Simulations are performed for several arrangements of dimples and protrusions over a concave surface. It is noticed that a particular arrangement of dimples and protrusions leads to an increase in heat transfer compared with a fully protruded or fully dimpled concave surface. Furthermore, it is also noticed that protrusions/dimples at the stagnation region degrade overall impingement heat transfer. The wall shear stress profile is found to be similar to its corresponding local Nusselt number profile. Lastly, the optimal location of dimples and protrusions is predicted using an artificial neural network and a specially formulated discrete version of genetic algorithm.
Comments on “Mechanism of Soret‐Dufour, magnetohydrodynamics, heat and mass transfer flow with buoyancy force, and viscous dissipation effects‏‏”
Authors: Awad M. M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis commentary shows that the correct units of mass expansion coefficient (βc) must be m3/mol (ie, the inverse of the concentration [C] units) so that the product βc(C − C∞) is dimensionless in the momentum equation. Also, the correct units of magnetic field strength (B0) must be Tesla so that the last term in RHS of the momentum equation has the units of m/s2. In addition, the correct units of dynamic viscosity (μ) must be kg/m·s so that the last term in RHS of the energy equation has the units of K·s. These correct units must be used too in the converted momentum and energy equations after introducing the stream function Ψ(x, y). Using these wrong units will cause some dimensionless parameters such as Grashof number (Gb) and magnetic parameter (M) will be dimensional.