bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful detection of rectal injury during laparoscopic surgery using a rectal probe in a patient with deep endometriosis
Authors: Yoriki Kaori , Kusuki Izumi , Kawamata Mari , Tarumi Yosuke , Mori Taisuke , Kitawaki Jo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLaparoscopic surgery has become the gold standard treatment for endometriosis. Surgical treatment of deep endometriosis with colorectal involvement is challenging. It requires complete surgical excision of lesions despite a high risk of complications that include rectal injury, rectovaginal fistula and pelvic abscess. An intraoperative air leak test allows detection of rectal injury and reduces postoperative complications. We report a case of successful management of rectal injury during laparoscopic surgery using a rectal probe even though air leak tests were negative. A 45‐year‐old woman with severe endometriosis and rectal involvement underwent total laparoscopic hysterectomy combined with rectal shaving. A pinhole injury that reached the rectal muscularis layer without breaching the mucosal layer was identified using a rectal probe after negative air leak tests. The injury was repaired uneventfully. Our experience suggests that using a rectal probe could be helpful for early detection and safe repair of rectal injury during surgery.
Examining the conceptual and empirical distinctiveness of Agreeableness and “dark” personality items
Authors: Vize Colin E. , Miller Joshua D. , Lynam Donald R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveA growing research literature has focused on what have been termed “dark” personality traits/constructs. More recently, the “dark factor” of personality has been proposed as a unifying framework for this research. To date, little work has rigorously investigated whether the traits/constructs investigated in the context of the dark factor can be captured by existing models of normative personality, namely Agreeableness from the Five‐factor Model. Thus, the “dark factor” may be an instance of the “jangle” fallacy, where two constructs with different names are in fact the same construct.MethodWe used a preregistered approach that made use of bass‐ackward factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and nomological network analysis to investigate the distinction between the D factor and Agreeableness.ResultsAgreeableness and the D factor were similar in their coverage of antagonistic personality content, strongly negatively related (latent r = −.90), and showed near perfect profile dissimilarity (rICC = −.99).ConclusionsThe results suggested that the D factor can be understood as the opposite pole of Agreeableness (i.e., antagonism) and not as a distinct construct. We discuss the implications for researchers interested in continuing to advance the study of antagonistic personality traits.
Intimate intergroup contact across the lifespan
Authors: Marinucci Marco , Maunder Rachel , Sanchez Kiara , Thai Michael , McKeown Shelley , Turner Rhiannon N. , Stevenson Clifford 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntergroup contact can be as casual as members of different groups walking past one another on the street or as intimate as developing cross‐group friendships or romantic relationships. To date, however, the majority of intergroup contact research has focused on examining the effects of contact through self‐report measures of interactions and friendships. While this research has made a substantial contribution to scientific understanding, less is known about how different forms of contact (casual vs. intimate) influence each other and are associated with outcomes across the lifespan. The present article focuses on intimate contact; a close and meaningful relationship or interaction with either an ingroup or outgroup member. We critically review the nature and consequences (good and bad) of intimate contact for children, youth and adults and for both majority and minority group members, focusing primarily on intimate intergroup contact. We also consider how intimate contact might be best measured in future research. Implications for research design, policy, and practice are considered.
Sound quality perception of loudspeakers evaluated by different sensory descriptive methods and preference mapping
Authors: Berget Ingunn , Bech Søren , Giacalone Davide , Moulin Samuel , Pedersen Mads Erling , Varela Paula , Næs Tormod 
Published: October 2020

AbstractQuantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) was compared with novel sensory methodology on five high‐end loudspeakers using five tracks. The focus of the study was on the ability of different sensory methods to predict quality assessments (liking) made by consumers. Preference mapping indicates that projective mapping (PM) and Check‐All‐That‐Apply (CATA) when performed with experts can provide results comparable to QDA, although slightly less accurate. PM done by consumers is less comparable to QDA. Combinations of the sensory tests were also attempted without any clear improvement of results.Practical applicationsThe results indicate that it may be possible to replace QDA with more rapid sensory methodology for assessing sensory quality of audio products. This may speed up and simplify product development process. However, further studies will be needed to consolidate the results.
Assessment of genetic diversity among soybean genotypes differing in response to aerial blight (Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn) using SSR markers
Authors: Surbhi Kumari , Singh Krishna P. , Singh Narendra K. , Aravind T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractForty‐seven genotypes and one wild relative of soybean, Glycine soja, were screened for resistance against aerial blight under epiphytotic conditions in the field during the Kharif season of two consecutive years viz., 2016 and 2017. Out of the 48 genotypes screened, only 18 genotypes exhibited a moderately resistant response to aerial blight during both the years of study. In order to perform molecular screening of the genotypes for aerial blight resistance, the genomic DNA obtained from the seedlings of the forty‐eight soybean genotypes was subjected to PCR amplification with 12 SSR markers. The SSR markers Satt 119, Sat_076, Satt 433, Satt 281, Satt 277, Satt 245 and Satt 520 were able to clearly amplify different banding pattern for resistant and susceptible genotypes, out of which Satt 433 and Satt 520 were found to exhibit a pattern, highly similar to the results of field screening of the genotypes with respect to resistant and susceptible reaction to the disease. The eighteen soybean genotypes that exhibited moderately resistant reaction to RAB under field conditions during both the years showed a banding pattern similar to resistant check PS‐1583 in the amplification profile produced by the SSR markers. The polymorphism information content (PIC) from the analysis of amplification profile of the SSR markers used in the study, ranged from 0.58 to 0.95. The dendrogram constructed using UPGMA cluster analysis clearly differentiated the resistant and susceptible genotypes of soybean into two separate groups.
Persistent Hepatitis E virus infection across England and Wales 2009‐2017: Demography, virology and outcomes
Authors: Ankcorn Michael , Said Bengü , Morgan Dilys , Elsharkawy Ahmed M , Maggs James , Ryder Stephen , Valliani Talal , Gordon Fiona , Abeysekera Kushala , Suri Deepak , McPherson Stuart , Galliford Jack , Smith Belinda , Pelosi Emanuela , Bansal Sanjay , Bethune Claire , Sheridan David , Vine Louisa , Tedder Richard S , Ijaz Samreen ,   the enhanced persistent HEV surveillance group
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe first clinical case of persistent HEV infection in England was reported in 2009. We describe the demography, virology and outcomes of patients identified with persistent HEV infection in England and Wales between 2009 and 2017. A series of 94 patients with persistent HEV infection, defined by HEV viraemia of more than 12 weeks, was identified through routine reference laboratory testing. Virology, serology and clinical data were recorded through an approved PHE Enhanced Surveillance System. Sixty‐six cases (70.2%) were transplant recipients, 16 (17.0%) had an underlying haematological malignancy without stem cell transplantation, six (6.4%) had advanced HIV infection, five (5.3%) were otherwise immunosuppressed, and one patient (1.1%) had no identified immunosuppression. Retrospective analysis of 46 patients demonstrated a median 38 weeks of viraemia before diagnostic HEV testing. At initial diagnosis, 16 patients (17.0%) had no detectable anti‐HEV serological response. Of 65 patients treated with ribavirin monotherapy, 11 (16.9%) suffered virological relapse despite undetectable RNA in plasma or stool at treatment cessation. Persistent HEV infection remains a rare diagnosis, but we demonstrate that a broad range of immunocompromised patients are susceptible. Both lack of awareness and the pauci‐symptomatic nature of persistent HEV infection likely contribute to significant delays in diagnosis. Diagnosis should rely on molecular testing since anti‐HEV serology is insufficient to exclude persistent HEV infection. Finally, despite treatment with ribavirin, relapses occur even after cessation of detectable faecal shedding of HEV RNA, further emphasising the requirement to demonstrate sustained virological responses to treatment.
The complexity of trait–environment performance landscapes in a local subtropical forest
Authors: Li Yuanzhi , Jiang Yuan , Shipley Bill , Li Buhang , Luo Wenqi , Chen Yongfa , Zhao Kangning , He Dong , Rodríguez‐Hernández Diego I. , Chu Chengjin 
Published: October 2020

Summary

That functional traits should affect individual performance and, in turn, determine fitness and population growth, is a foundational assumption of trait‐based ecology. This assumption is, however, not supported by a strong empirical base.

Here, we measured simultaneously two individual performance metrics (survival and growth), seven traits and 10 environmental properties for each of 3981 individuals of 205 species in a 50‐ha stem‐mapped subtropical forest. We then modelled survival/growth as a function of traits, environments and trait × environment interactions, and quantified their relative importance at both the species and individual levels.

We found evidence of alternative functional designs and multiple performance peaks along environmental gradients, indicating the presence of complicated trait × environment interactions. However, such interactions were relatively unimportant in our site, which had relatively low environmental variations. Moreover, individual performance was not better predicted, and trait × environment interactions were not more likely detected, at the individual level than at the species level.

Although the trait × environment interactions might be safely ignored in relatively homogeneous environments, we encourage future studies to test the interactive effects of traits and environments on individual performances and lifelong fitness at larger spatial scales or along experimentally manipulated environmental gradients.
Potential of Solar UV Radiation for Inactivation of Coronaviridae Family Estimated from Satellite Data
Authors: Carvalho Fernanda R.S. , Henriques Diamantino V. , Correia Osvaldo , Schmalwieser Alois W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe pandemic COVID‐19 disease affects people dramatically overall the globe by illness and death. Several strategies are applied to restrict the spread of this disease such as lockdown, adequate social distance in different activities, hand disinfection and the use of masks. Potential hazard outdoors comes from released viruses, which may remain in the air for a while and settle down afterward and contaminating surfaces. Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is known to act as a natural environmental virucide. The virucidal effectivity of UVR depends on a first order on the sensitivity of the virus against UVR as well as on the amount of incoming UVR. Here, we present estimates of the potential of solar UVR in inactivating SARS‐CoV‐2 in the environment. This is done by combining DNA‐damaging surface solar UVR retrieved by satellites and the available information on fluence for inactivation of Coronaviridae. Our results show that solar UVR has a high potential to inactivate these viruses, but the degree depends strongly on location and season. In the subtropics (Sao Paulo, 23.5°S), the daily survival fraction is lower than 10−4 during the whole year, while close at norther latitudes (Reykjavik, 64°N), such a reduction can be found in June and July only.
Effect of Different Irradiation Modes of Azulene‐mediated Photodynamic Therapy on Singlet Oxygen and PGE2 Formation
Authors: Damrongrungruang Teerasak , Rattanayatikul Suttichon , Sontikan Nattapon , Wuttirak Boonsita , Teerakapong Aroon , Kaewrawang Arkom 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAzulene samples in ethanol/distilled water (1, 10 and 100 µm) were irradiated with a 638 nm red laser (0.5 watts, light‐to‐target distance 2 cm, energy density 4 or 40 J cm−2) by either continuous, fractionation or pulse mode. Singlet oxygen in the samples was measured using 10 µm 9,10‐dimethyl anthracene (positive control 10 μm erythrosine) and relative fluorescence intensities were measured at 375/436 nm excitation/emission. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs, 1 × 105cells/well) preincubated with 0.01 μg mL−1 rhTNF‐α for 6 h were cultured with irradiated azulene samples in RPMI‐1640 under standard conditions. PGE2 was quantified by rhPGE2 ELISA kit using a Varioscan® microplate reader at an excitation wavelength of 420 nm. Kruskal Wallis with Dunn`s test was performed at a significance level of P < 0.05. The highest singlet oxygen amount was found in 10 µm azulene samples irradiated at 40 J cm−2 under continuous mode (P = 0.001 when compared with 10 µm erythrosine). PGE2 expression in rhTNF‐α‐induced PBMCs was reduced to 45% of control by 1 µm azulene irradiated at 40 J cm−2 under fractionation mode. Fractionation mode with intermediate laser energy density in the presence of low concentration of azulene could increase singlet oxygen and tend to reduce PGE2.
Amino acid substitutions responsible for different QoI and SDHI sensitivity patterns in Puccinia horiana, the causal agent of chrysanthemum white rust
Authors: Matsuzaki Yuichi , Harada Toshiyuki , Iwahashi Fukumatsu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractQuinone outside inhibitors (QoIs) and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) are major groups of agricultural fungicides. However, resistance to some of these fungicides has been reported in a Japanese population of Puccinia horiana, the causal agent of chrysanthemum white rust disease. Because their mechanisms are not well understood, we investigated the existence of mutations in QoI and SDHI target protein‐encoding genes. Eight out of nine isolates from cultivated chrysanthemum carried L275F and L299F amino acid substitutions in cytochrome b, the target protein of QoIs. These isolates showed 23‐ and 17‐fold higher EC50 values for the QoI fungicides azoxystrobin and kresoxim‐methyl, respectively, in basidiospore germination inhibitory tests, while they were hypersensitive to another QoI, famoxadone. All nine isolates were resistant to SDHI oxycarboxin and carried the I88F substitution in SdhC. This substitution was orthologous to the SdhC‐I86F substitution found in some Brazilian isolates of the soybean rust fungus, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, showing reduced sensitivity to some SDHIs. Although the rarity of wild‐type sensitive isolates, the subsequent limited number of comparisons between wild types and mutants, and a difficulty in applying reverse genetic analysis to this obligate parasite, are obstacles in making definitive conclusions, L275F and L299F in cytochrome b and SdhC‐I88F are suspected to be responsible for the different patterns of sensitivity to QoI and for oxycarboxin‐resistance in P. horiana, respectively.
Transcriptomic analysis of gene expression in normal goat ovary and intersex goat gonad
Authors: Yang Shuai , Han Haoyuan , Li Jun , Zhang Yong , Zhao JinYan , Wei Hongfang , Hasi Tonglaga , Lv Huifang , Zhao Xingxu , Quan Kai 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntersexuality is a congenital reproductive disorder that usually occurs in hornless goats, hindering breeding of goats with hornless traits and the development of the goat industry. In this study, we aimed to identify differentially expressed genes in intersex and normal goat gonads by comparing gene transcription profiles of intersex and normal goat gonads. As intersex goats are genetically based on females, we chose female goats as controls. The goats in the control group and the experimental group were both over one‐year old. We evaluated the anatomical characteristics of the reproductive organs of five intersex goats using histopathological methods. The gonads were found to be ovarian and testicular types. RNA‐Seq technology was used to identify differentially expressed genes in gonads and normal goat ovary tissues. Transcription analysis results were verified by qPCR. The results showed that 2,748 DEGs were upregulated and 3,327 DEGs were downregulated in intersex ovaries unlike in controls, whereas 2006 DEGs were upregulated and 2032 DEGs were downregulated in the interstitial testes. Many of these genes play important roles in mammalian sex determination and sex differentiation, such as SOX9, WT1, GATA4, DMRT1, DHH, AMH, CYP19A1 and FST. We found that many DEGs are involved in biological developmental regulation by GO and KEGG enrichment analyses, and that most genes associated with the steroid synthesis pathway were downregulated. The DEGs identified in this study may be involved in the regulation of intersex goat sex determination and differentiation, and may increase our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of mammalian sex differentiation.
The fallacy of perfect regulatory controls: Lessons from database surveillance of migration in West Germany from the 1950s to the 1970s
Authors: Badenhoop Elisabeth 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSurveillance studies have long argued that electronic databases are designed to maximize state surveillance as a “superpanopticon” or “surveillant assemblage.” But how are databases being implemented in practice, and do they actually enhance control? This article addresses these questions by examining the case of the German Central Foreigners Register (Ausländerzentralregister [AZR]). Established in 1953, the AZR was one of the first databases on migrants in the western liberal world, and remains a pillar of Germany's migration control system today. By analyzing internal ministerial records from the 1950s to the 1970s – the time when this database was introduced, expanded, and automatized while still relatively free from legal or public constraints – this article examines whether, or how, databases enhance state control. I argue that the AZR did not provide the “perfect surveillance” it was intended to deliver; rather, it produced major bureaucratic and political challenges and a series of malfunctions. This case study confirms that database surveillance, such as the German AZR in the 1970s and European databases today, depends on three basic conditions: shared expectations regarding data usages, cooperation in data supply, and capacities of data storage and maintenance. Moreover, databases serve the additional symbolic function of reassuring the self‐imagination of sovereign, modern state power.
Iraq’s Informal Consociationalism and Its Problems
Authors: Dodge Toby 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper looks at the applicability of formal, informal, liberal and corporate consociationalism to Iraq. It examines the drafting of the Iraqi constitution in 2005 and the political system it consecrated. It argues that the political system in Iraq is a good example of informal consociationalism, with government formation governed by unwritten consociational rules and norms. It then examines the negative problems connected with this system, primarily exclusion and systematically sanctioned corruption. It concludes by examining the challenges posed to the post‐2005 system by the mass protest movement that started in October 2019.
Structured academic writing retreats in healthcare professional practice
Authors: Bell Mary , Murray Rowena 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe critical importance of writing skills in communicating issues, such as the evidence needed for resources and change as well as the implementation of new practices and processes based on evidence‐based outcomes, are now core skills for every healthcare professional including nurses in clinical practice. Within a very busy and challenging work environment, while maintaining a work–life balance, writing to fulfil these professional requirements can become challenging and even impossible. This article describes an educational intervention which adopted the Structured Writing Retreat (SWR) model developed by Murray and Newton in 2009 into a healthcare practice setting. The aim of this intervention was to promote self‐efficacy in academic writing in a supportive environment. Three tools are described which outline how to set this intervention up within a healthcare setting. The outcomes and participants' evaluations clearly affirmed the benefits of this model to enable healthcare professionals working in any clinical environment to support their professional development and career advancement.
Distinctive evolutionary pattern of organelle genomes linked to the nuclear genome in Selaginellaceae
Authors: Kang Jong‐Soo , Zhang Hong‐Rui , Wang Ya‐Rong , Liang Si‐Qi , Mao Zhi‐Yuan , Zhang Xian‐Chun , Xiang Qiao‐Ping 
Published: October 2020

SummaryPlastids and mitochondria are endosymbiotic organelles that store genetic information. The genomes of these organelles generally exhibit contrasting patterns regarding genome architecture and genetic content. However, they have similar genetic features in Selaginellaceae, and little is known about what causes parallel evolution. Here, we document the multipartite plastid genomes (plastomes) and the highly divergent mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) from spikemoss obtained by combining short‐ and long‐reads. The 188‐kb multipartite plastome has three ribosomal operon copies in the master genomic conformation, creating the alternative subgenomic conformation composed of 110‐ and 78‐kb subgenomes. The long‐read data indicated that the two different genomic conformations were present in almost equal proportions in the plastomes of Selaginella nipponica. The mitogenome of S. nipponica was assembled into 27 contigs with a total size of 110 kb. All contigs contained directly arranged repeats at both ends, which introduced multiple conformations. Our results showed that plastomes and mitogenomes share high tRNA losses, GC‐biased nucleotides, elevated substitution rates and complicated organization. The exploration of nuclear‐encoded organelle DNA replication, recombination and repair proteins indicated that, several single‐targeted proteins, particularly plastid‐targeted recombinase A1, have been lost in Selaginellaceae; conversely, the dual‐targeted proteins remain intact. According to the reported function of recombinase A1, we propose that the plastomes of spikemoss often fail to pair homologous sequences during recombination, and the dual‐targeted proteins play a key role in the convergent genetic features of plastomes and mitogenomes. Our results provide a distinctive evolutionary pattern of the organelle genomes in Selaginellaceae and evidence of their convergent evolution.