bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population pharmacokinetics and target attainment of ciprofloxacin in critically ill patients
Authors: Abdulla Alan , Rogouti Omar , Hunfeld Nicole G. M. , Endeman Henrik , Dijkstra Annemieke , van Gelder Teun , Muller Anouk E. , de Winter Brenda C. M. , Koch Birgit C. P. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To develop and validate a population pharmacokinetic model of ciprofloxacin intravenously in critically ill patients, and determine target attainment to provide guidance for more effective regimens.

Methods
Non-linear mixed-effects modelling was used for the model development and covariate analysis. Target attainment of an ƒAUC0–24/MIC ≥ 100 for different MICs was calculated for standard dosing regimens. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to define the probability of target attainment (PTA) of several dosing regimens.

Results
A total of 204 blood samples were collected from 42 ICU patients treated with ciprofloxacin 400–1200 mg/day, with median values for age of 66 years, APACHE II score of 22, BMI of 26 kg/m2, and eGFR of 58.5 mL/min/1.73 m2. The median ƒAUC0–24 and ƒCmax were 29.9 mg•h/L and 3.1 mg/L, respectively. Ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetics were best described by a two-compartment model. We did not find any significant covariate to add to the structural model. The proportion of patients achieving the target ƒAUC0–24/MIC ≥ 100 were 61.9% and 16.7% with MICs of 0.25 and 0.5 mg/L, respectively. Results of the PTA simulations suggest that a dose of ≥ 1200 mg/day is needed to achieve sufficient ƒAUC0–24/MIC ratios.

Conclusions
The model described the pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in ICU patients adequately. No significant covariates were found and high inter-individual variability of ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetics in ICU patients was observed. The poor target attainment supports the use of higher doses such as 1200 mg/day in critically ill patients, while the variability of inter-individual pharmacokinetics parameters emphasizes the need for therapeutic drug monitoring to ensure optimal exposure.
Global Survey of Perceptions of the Surgical Safety Checklist Among Medical Students, Trainees, and Early Career Providers
Authors: Panda Nikhil , Koritsanszky Luca , Delisle Megan , Anyomih Theophilus T. K. , Desai Eesha V. , Sonnay Yves , Molina George , Madani Katayoun , Vervoort Dominique , Weiser Thomas G. , Benjamin Evan M. , Haynes Alex B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Surgical Safety Checklist (SSC) has been shown to reduce perioperative complications across global health systems. We sought to assess perceptions of the SSC and suggestions for its improvement among medical students, trainees, and early career providers.MethodsFrom July to September 2019, a survey assessing perceptions of the SSC was disseminated through InciSioN, the International Student Surgical Network comprising medical students, trainees, and early career providers pursuing surgery. Individuals with ≥2 years of independent practice after training were excluded. Respondents were categorized according to any clinical versus solely non‐clinical SSC exposure. Logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between clinical/non‐clinical exposure and promoting future use of the SSC, adjusting for potential confounders/mediators: training level, human development index, and first perceptions of the SSC. Thematic analysis was conducted on suggestions for SSC improvement.ResultsRespondent participation rate was 24%. Three hundred and eighteen respondents were included in final analyses; 215 (67%) reported clinical exposure and 190 (60%) were promoters of future SSC use. Clinical exposure was associated with greater odds of promoting future SSC use (aOR 1.81 95% CI [1.03–3.19], p = 0.039). A greater proportion of promoters reported “Improved Operating Room Communication” as a goal of the SSC (0.21 95% CI [0.15–0.27]‐vs.‐0.12 [0.06–0.17], p = 0.031), while non‐promoters reported the SSC goals were “Not Well Understood” (0.08 95% CI [0.03–0.12]‐vs.‐0.03 [0.01–0.05], p = 0.032). Suggestions for SSC improvement emphasized context‐specific adaptability and earlier formal training.ConclusionsClinical exposure to the SSC was associated with promoting its future use. Earlier formal clinical training may improve perceptions and future use among medical students, trainees, and early career providers.
ESGAR consensus statement on the imaging of fistula-in-ano and other causes of anal sepsis
Authors: Halligan S. , Tolan D. , Amitai M. M. , Hoeffel C. , Kim S. H. , Maccioni F. , Morrin M. M. , Mortele K. J. , Rafaelsen S. R. , Rimola J. , Schmidt S. , Stoker J. , Yang J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To develop imaging guidelines for patients with fistula-in-ano and other causes of anal sepsis.

Methods
An expert group of 13 members of the European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology (ESGAR) used a modified Delphi process to vote on a series of consensus statements relating to the imaging of patients with potential anal sepsis. Participants first completed a questionnaire to gather practice information and to help frame the statements posed.

Results
In the first round of voting, the expert group scored 51 statements of which 45 (88%) achieved immediate consensus. The remaining 6 statements were redrafted following input from the expert group and consensus achieved for all during a second round of voting, including an additional statement drafted. No statement was rejected due to a lack of consensus. After redrafting to improve clarity, 53 individual statements were presented.

Conclusion
These expert consensus statements can be used to guide appropriate indication, acquisition, interpretation and reporting of medical imaging for patients with potential fistula-in-ano and other causes of anal sepsis.

Key Points
• Medical imaging, notably magnetic resonance imaging, is used widely for the diagnosis and monitoring of fistula-in-ano and other causes of anal and perianal sepsis.
• While the indexed medical literature is clear that diagnostic accuracy is potentially excellent, this depends on competent image acquisition and interpretation.
• In order to facilitate this, the European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology (ESGAR) has produced expert consensus guidelines regarding the imaging of fistula-in-ano and related conditions.
Lymphatic MAFB regulates vascular patterning during developmental and pathological lymphangiogenesis
Authors: Dieterich Lothar C. , Tacconi Carlotta , Menzi Franziska , Proulx Steven T. , Kapaklikaya Kübra , Hamada Michito , Takahashi Satoru , Detmar Michael 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMAFB is a transcription factor involved in the terminal differentiation of several cell types, including macrophages and keratinocytes. MAFB is also expressed in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and is upregulated by VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 signaling. Recent studies have revealed that MAFB regulates several genes involved in lymphatic differentiation and that global Mafb knockout mice show defects in patterning of lymphatic vessels during embryogenesis. However, it has remained unknown whether this effect is LEC-intrinsic and whether MAFB might also be involved in postnatal lymphangiogenesis. We established conditional, lymphatic-specific Mafb knockout mice and found comparable lymphatic patterning defects during embryogenesis as in the global MAFB knockout. Lymphatic MAFB deficiency resulted in increased lymphatic branching in the diaphragm at P7, but had no major effect on lymphatic patterning or function in healthy adult mice. By contrast, tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis was enhanced in mice lacking lymphatic MAFB. Together, these data reveal that LEC-expressed MAFB is involved in lymphatic vascular morphogenesis during embryonic and postnatal development as well as in pathological conditions. Therefore, MAFB could represent a target for therapeutic modulation of lymphangiogenesis.
Phase-field modeling of hydraulic fracture network propagation in poroelastic rocks
Authors: Ni Lin , Zhang Xue , Zou Liangchao , Huang Jinsong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractModeling of hydraulic fracturing processes is of great importance in computational geosciences. In this paper, a phase-field model is developed and applied for investigating the hydraulic fracturing propagation in saturated poroelastic rocks with pre-existing fractures. The phase-field model replaces discrete, discontinuous fractures by continuous diffused damage field, and thus is capable of simulating complex cracking phenomena such as crack branching and coalescence. Specifically, hydraulic fracturing propagation in a rock sample of a single pre-existing natural fracture or natural fracture networks is simulated using the proposed model. It is shown that distance between fractures plays a significant role in the determination of propagation direction of hydraulic fracture. While the rock permeability has a limited influence on the final crack topology induced by hydraulic fracturing, it considerably impacts the distribution of the fluid pressure in rocks. The propagation of hydraulic fractures driven by the injected fluid increases the connectivity of the natural fracture networks, which consequently enhances the effective permeability of the rocks.
Street protests and air pollution in Hong Kong
Authors: Brimblecombe Peter 
Published: April 2020

AbstractJune 2019 saw large-scale street protests in Hong Kong that impeded traffic flow along streets in areas around to the Legislative Council building. These had the potential to reduce overall air pollutant emissions from traffic and lower their concentrations. Two roadside monitoring stations relatively close to the Legislative Council reveal that measured concentrations of nitrogen dioxide declined during the protests compared with measurements from other sites by at least 50% on many occasions. There were only subtle changes in particulate loads and no evidence of any reduction in carbon monoxide concentrations. Pedestrianisation and bus route rationalisation are often seen as methods to reduce exposure in congested areas, but the observations here suggest that the substantial improvements in the nitrogen dioxide levels might not be matched by improvements in other pollutants. Plans for changes to street layouts to improve air quality need careful investigation before they are implemented.
A numerical approach to quasi-ballistic transport and plasma oscillations in junctionless nanowire transistors
Authors: Noei Maziar , Linn Tobias , Jungemann Christoph 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA numerical framework for DC and RF small-signal simulations of nanowire transistors is presented, which is based on the self-consistent solution of the Poisson, Schrödinger, and Boltzmann transport equations and is stable for the entire range from weak to strong particle scattering. The proposed approach does not suffer from the deficiencies due to the transformation of the Boltzmann transport equation into the energy space and can handle the quasi-ballistic case. This is a key requirement for the investigation of plasma resonances and other high-mobility phenomena. The in-house solver is validated with results of a previously developed simulator based on the H-transformation for a conventional $$\hbox{N}^+\hbox{NN}^+$$

N
+

NN
+

silicon transistor with strong scattering. Then, its results are compared with those of moments-based models and it is shown that these do not provide a satisfactory description of the electron dynamics in the quasi-ballistic transport regime. Furthermore, the internal boundary conditions of the transport models at the contacts are found to have a significant impact on plasma resonances and the physics-based thermal-bath boundary condition strongly suppresses them.
The DSM-5 with Limited Prosocial Emotions Specifier for Conduct Disorder: a Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Colins Olivier F. , Van Damme Lore , Hendriks Anne M. , Georgiou Giorgos 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDSM-5 added a categorically defined specifier (‘with Limited Prosocial Emotions’; LPE) for the diagnosis of conduct disorder (CD). This paper systematically reviews the evidence base for this specifier in children and adolescents who are diagnosed with CD. Computer-assisted searches were executed and identified 181 potentially relevant papers. Eventually, nine papers were included in this review, referring to eight unique samples. All studies constructed an LPE measure by pulling the same items from the same rating scales that were used in the development of the DSM-5 LPE specifier. The prevalence of youth with CD who met criteria for this novel LPE specifier (CD + LPE) ranged from 6.1% to 83.7%. The studies greatly varied in the features used to test the viability of the DSM-5 LPE specifier. The most commonly used features relate to severity of antisocial behavior, low neuroticism (or lack of anxiety and depression), and treatment responsiveness. Available work altogether showed that CD + LPE youth displayed higher levels of past antisocial behaviour than CD Only youth, but failed to reveal other group differences that corroborate with expectations. Effect sizes typically were in the small to moderate range, suggesting that the practical usefulness of the group differences is limited. Empirical work shows that this specifier should not be used for clinical decision-making when relying on items from measures that have been used in the development of the LPE specifier. Crucially, limitations that hallmark the few studies on the topic hamper any firm conclusion about the usefulness of the specifier.
Evidence-based understanding of introductions of research articles
Authors: Bajwa Nida ul Habib , König Cornelius J. , Kunze Thiemo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAchieving publications in high-impact journals is a major cornerstone for academic careers in the US and elsewhere in the world. However, apart from novel insights and relevant contributions to the field, there are expectations of editors and reviewers regarding the structure and language of manuscripts that prospective contributors have to adhere to. As these expectations are mostly communicated using best-practice examples, especially international researchers might often wonder how to implement them in their manuscripts. Applying an applied linguistics model to 60 papers that were published in US-based and Indian management journals we derive evidence-based advice for the writing of introductions.
Effect of Weight Loss Surgery on Biomarkers of Angiogenesis in Obese Patients
Authors: Wiewiora Maciej , Mertas Anna , Gluck Marek , Nowowiejska-Wiewiora Alicja , Czuba Zenon , Piecuch Jerzy 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
The present study aims to clarify the effects of weight loss on biomarkers associated with angiogenesis in patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) or adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) in the 12-month follow-up study.

Materials and Methods
We studied 24 obese patients who underwent laparoscopic weight loss surgery, 13 of whom underwent SG and 11 of whom underwent LAGB. We evaluated the circulating level of angiogenesis biomarkers preoperatively and 12 months after surgery.

Results
Before surgery, the following angiogenic circulating factors were significantly higher than those of healthy subjects: angiopoietin 2 (ANG-2) (p < .05), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (p < .05), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) (p < .01), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1) (p < .01), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (p < .05). The following angiogenesis biomarkers decreased significantly after weight loss compared with their baseline values: ANG-2 (p < .05), follistatin (p < .05), HGF (p < .01), PECAM-1 (p < .01), and VEGF (p < .05). There were no significant differences in the circulating levels of angiogenesis biomarkers between individuals who underwent SG and those who underwent LAGB; however, HGF, PECAM-1, and VEGF tended to be lower after SG. %BMI correlated negatively with HGF, PECAM-1, and VEGF. A similar significant negative correlation was found for %WL and %EWL. WHR correlated with PDGF-B and VEGF.

Conclusions
We concluded that weight loss surgery induces the changes of circulating levels of angiogenesis biomarkers in obese patients. The changes in angiogenesis status in obese patients who lost weight after bariatric surgery depended on the amount of weight loss.
Determination of concentration of total sodium and potassium in surface and ground water using a flame photometer
Authors: Banerjee Payal , Prasad Bably 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we have investigated 18 water samples collected from various sources, e.g., surface, underground and river water, as specimens for their sodium and potassium ions content in and around Dhanbad, a mining town, using the flame photometry. We have plotted the contour maps to show the spatial distributions of the dissolved sodium and potassium cations in the groundwater and surface water sources in and around the Dhanbad city to identify the relative contributions of human and natural phenomena to it. Along with it, water quality index (WQI) is calculated to evaluate whether the collected surface, ground and river water samples are fit for human consumption for the residents of those areas. The water of Maithan Dam has been observed to have the least sodium and potassium concentrations of 16 mg/l and 7 mg/l, respectively, which make it most suitable for human consumption. The water of Rani Talab Pond has the highest sodium and potassium contents of 49 mg/l and 24 mg/l. WQI values of all the samples are found to be less than 50, which indicates they are safe to consume by the humans. Reduction in the use of pesticides, potassium permanganate and water softeners is recommended to maintain WQI of the Dhanbad city within safe limit.
Build systems à la carte: Theory and practice
Authors: MOKHOV ANDREY , MITCHELL NEIL , PEYTON JONES SIMON 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Build systems are awesome, terrifying – and unloved. They are used by every developer around the world, but are rarely the object of study. In this paper, we offer a systematic, and executable, framework for developing and comparing build systems, viewing them as related points in a landscape rather than as isolated phenomena. By teasing apart existing build systems, we can recombine their components, allowing us to prototype new build systems with desired properties.
Continuous roll-to-roll patterning of three-dimensional periodic nanostructures
Authors: Chen I-Te , Schappell Elizabeth , Zhang Xiaolong , Chang Chih-Hao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this work, we introduce a roll-to-roll system that can continuously print three-dimensional (3D) periodic nanostructures over large areas. This approach is based on Langmuir-Blodgett assembly of colloidal nanospheres, which diffract normal incident light to create a complex intensity pattern for near-field nanolithography. The geometry of the 3D nanostructure is defined by the Talbot effect and can be precisely designed by tuning the ratio of the nanosphere diameter to the exposure wavelength. Using this system, we have demonstrated patterning of 3D photonic crystals with a 500 nm period on a 50 × 200 mm2 flexible substrate, with a system throughput of 3 mm/s. The patterning yield is quantitatively analyzed by an automated electron beam inspection method, demonstrating long-term repeatability of an up to 88% yield over a 4-month period. The inspection method can also be employed to examine pattern uniformity, achieving an average yield of up to 78.6% over full substrate areas. The proposed patterning method is highly versatile and scalable as a nanomanufacturing platform and can find application in nanophotonics, nanoarchitected materials, and multifunctional nanostructures.
Tumour kinome re-wiring governs resistance to palbociclib in oestrogen receptor positive breast cancers, highlighting new therapeutic modalities
Authors: Pancholi Sunil , Ribas Ricardo , Simigdala Nikiana , Schuster Eugene , Nikitorowicz-Buniak Joanna , Ressa Anna , Gao Qiong , Leal Mariana Ferreira , Bhamra Amandeep , Thornhill Allan , Morisset Ludivine , Montaudon Elodie , Sourd Laura , Fitzpatrick Martin , Altelaar Maarten , Johnston Stephen R. , Marangoni Elisabetta , Dowsett Mitch , Martin Lesley-Ann 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCombination of CDK4/6 inhibitors and endocrine therapy improves clinical outcome in advanced oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer, however relapse is inevitable. Here, we show in model systems that other than loss ofRB1few gene-copy number (CN) alterations are associated with irreversible-resistance to endocrine therapy and subsequent secondary resistance to palbociclib. Resistance to palbociclib occurred as a result of tumour cell re-wiring leading to increased expression ofEGFR, MAPK, CDK4, CDK2, CDK7, CCNE1andCCNE2. Resistance altered the ER genome wide-binding pattern, leading to decreased expression of ‘classical’ oestrogen-regulated genes and was accompanied by reduced sensitivity to fulvestrant and tamoxifen. Persistent CDK4 blockade decreased phosphorylation of tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) enhancing EGFR signalling, leading to the re-wiring of ER. Kinome-knockdown confirmed dependency on ERBB-signalling and G2/M–checkpoint proteins such as WEE1, together with the cell cycle master regulator, CDK7. Noteworthy, sensitivity to CDK7 inhibition was associated with loss of ER andRB1CN. Overall, we show that resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors is dependent on kinase re-wiring and the redeployment of signalling cascades previously associated with endocrine resistance and highlights new therapeutic networks that can be exploited upon relapse after CDK4/6 inhibition.
Expression of RARRES1 and AGBL2 and progression of conventional renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Peterfi Lehel , Banyai Daniel , Yusenko Maria V. , Bjercke Thea , Kovacs Gyula 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Approximately 15% of clinically localised conventional renal cell carcinoma (RCC) will develop metastasis within 5 years of follow-up. The aim of this study was to identify biomarkers predicting the postoperative tumour relapse.

Methods
Tissue microarrays of conventional RCC from a cohort of 691 patients without metastasis at the time of operation were analysed by immunohistochemistry for the expression of carboxypeptase inhibitor RARRES1 and its substrate carboxypeptidase AGBL2. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were addressed to postoperative tumour relapse and the metastasis-free survival time was estimated by Kaplan–Meier analysis.

Results
In multivariate analysis, the lack of staining or cytoplasmic staining of RARRES1 was a significant risk factor indicating five times higher risk of cancer relapse. Combining its co-expression with AGBL2, we found that RARRES1 cytoplasmic/negative and AGBL2-positive/negative staining is a significant risk factor for tumour progression indicating 11–15 times higher risk of cancer relapse, whereas the membranous RARRES1 expression, especially its co-expression with AGBL2, associated with excellent disease outcome.

Conclusions
RARRES1 and AGBL2 expression defines groups of patients at low and high risk of tumour progression and may direct an active surveillance to detect metastasis as early as possible and to apply adjuvant therapy.