bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact a-gender: gendered orientations towards research Impact and its evaluation
Authors: Chubb J. , Derrick G. E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUsing an analysis of two independent, qualitative interview data sets: the first containing semi-structured interviews with mid-senior academics from across a range of disciplines at two research-intensive universities in Australia and the UK, collected between 2011 and 2013 (n = 51); and the second including pre- (n = 62), and post-evaluation (n = 57) interviews with UK REF2014 Main Panel A evaluators, this paper provides some of the first empirical work and the grounded uncovering of implicit (and in some cases explicit) gendered associations around impact generation and, by extension, its evaluation. In this paper, we explore the nature of gendered associations towards non-academic impact (Impact) generation and evaluation. The results suggest an underlying yet emergent gendered perception of Impact and its activities that is worthy of further research and exploration as the importance of valuing the ways in which research has an influence ‘beyond academia’ increases globally. In particular, it identifies how researchers perceive that there are some personality traits that are better orientated towards achieving Impact; how these may in fact be gendered. It also identifies how gender may play a role in the prioritisation of ‘hard’ Impacts (and research) that can be counted, in contrast to ‘soft’ Impacts (and research) that are far less quantifiable, reminiscent of deeper entrenched views about the value of different ‘modes’ of research. These orientations also translate to the evaluation of Impact, where panellists exhibit these tendencies prior to its evaluation and describe the organisation of panel work with respect to gender diversity.
Cultural localisation as a strategy to preserve the persuasive function in the translation of tourism websites from French into English
Authors: Cowan Sally Elizabeth 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTourist promotional texts function like advertising texts in that they aim to “persuade, lure, woo, and seduce” (Dann 1996). In the context of global marketing, tourists can be considered consumers who seek to escape from ordinary life carrying their culturally embedded mindsets with them. Although cultural differences have been widely discussed in the literature on tourism translation, few studies have focused on the deeper level ‘out-of-awareness’ culture through which tourists travelling abroad interpret what they see. This paper investigates cultural localisation as a strategy to adapt the source text of a French wine tourism website to the hidden cultural values of British tourists in order to preserve the persuasive function of the target text. Using Hall’s anthropological iceberg model and Hofstede’s cultural dimensions as the framework, a small sample of French source texts and their English translations are compared to demonstrate the link between the stylistic features of tourism language and the psychological motivations of tourists, highlighting the interplay between all levels of the cultural iceberg. The findings suggest that culturally localised tourism websites are more likely to succeed as instruments of persuasion, with ego-targeting discussed as an effective strategy when adapting the text to appeal to the British market.
A systematic review of machine learning algorithms for prognostics and health management of rolling element bearings: fundamentals, concepts and applications
Authors: Singh Jaskaran , Azamfar Moslem , Li Fei , Lee Jay 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article aims to present a comprehensive review of the recent efforts and advances in applying machine learning (ML) techniques in the area of diagnostics and prognostics of rolling element bearings (REBs). The main goal of this study is to review, recognize and evaluate the performance of various ML techniques and compare them on criteria such as reliability, accuracy, robustness to noise, data volume requirements and implementation aspects. The merits and demerits of the reviewed ML techniques have been comprehensively analyzed and discussed. A comparative benchmarking of the performance of the reviewed ML algorithms is provided both from the viewpoint of theoretical aspects and industrial applicability. Finally, the potential challenges that come along with the implementation of ML technology are discussed in detail that will likely play a major role in the prognostics and health management of REBs. It is expected that this review will serve as a reference point for researchers to explore the opportunities for further improvement in the field of ML-based fault diagnosis and prognosis of REBs.
Novel insight on the local surface properties of ZnO nanowires
Authors: Kwoka Monika , Kulis-Kapuscinska Anna , Zappa Dario , Comini Elisabetta , Szuber Jacek 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Novel insight on the local surface properties of ZnO nanowires (NW) deposited by the evaporation-condensation method on Ag-covered Si substrates is proposed, based on the results of comparative studies by using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) methods, respectively. SEM studies showed that ZnO nanowires (nanoribbons) are mostly isolated and irregular, having the average length μm and the average at the level of tens nm, respectively. Our XPS studies confirmed their evident surface non-stoichiometry, combined with strong C surface contaminations, which was related to the existence of oxygen-deficient regions. Additionally, TDS studies showed that undesired surface contaminations (including C species and hydroxyl groups) on the surface of ZnO NWs can be removed almost completely, leading to an increase of the final non-stoichiometry. Both effects are of great importance when using ZnO NWs for the detection of oxidizing gases, because the undesired C contaminations (including C–OH species) play the role of undesired barriers for the gas adsorption, especially at the low working temperature, additionally affecting the uncontrolled sensor ageing effect.
Image quality of list-mode proton imaging without front trackers
Authors: Rambo Sølie Jarle , Volz Lennart , Egil Seime Pettersen Helge , Piersimoni Pierluigi , Harald Odland Odd , Röhrich Dieter , Helstrup Håvard , Peitzmann Thomas , Ullaland Kjetil , Varga-Kofarago Monika , Mehendale Shruti , Slettevoll Grøttvik Ola , Nilsen Eikeland Viljar , Meric Ilker , Seco Joao 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
List mode proton imaging relies on accurate reconstruction of the proton most likely path (MLP) through the patient. This typically requires two sets of position sensitive detector systems, one upstream (front) and one downstream (rear) of the patient. However, for a clinical implementation it can be preferable to omit the front trackers (single-sided proton imaging). For such a system, the MLP can be computed from information available through the beam delivery system and the remaining rear tracker set. In this work, we use Monte Carlo simulations to compare a conventional double-sided (using both front and rear detector systems) with a single-sided system (only rear detector system) by evaluating the spatial resolution of proton radiographs (pRad) and proton CT images (pCT) acquired with these set-ups. Both the pencil beam spot size, as well as the spacing between spots was also adjusted to identify the impact of these beam parameters on the image quality.
Relying only on the pencil beam central position for computing the MLP resulted in severe image artifacts both in pRad and pCT. Using the recently extended-MLP formalism that incorporate pencil beam uncertainty removed these image artifacts. However, using a more focused pencil beam with this algorithm induced image artifacts when the spot spacing was the same as the beam spot size. The spatial resolution tested with a sharp edge gradient technique was reduced by 40% for single-sided (MTF
10% = 3.0 lp/cm) compared to double-sided (MTF
10% = 4.9 lp/cm) pRad with ideal tracking detectors. Using realistic trackers the difference decreased to 30%, with MTF
10% of 4.0 lp/cm for the realistic double-sided and 2.7 lp/cm for the realistic single-sided setup. When studying an anthropomorphic paediatric head phantom both single- and double-sided set-ups performed similarly where the difference in water equivalent thickness (WET) between the two set-ups were less than 0.01 mm in homogeneous areas of the head. Larger discrepancies between the two set-ups were visible in high density gradients like the facial structures. A complete CT reconstruction of a Catphan

®

module was performed. Assuming ideal detectors, the obtained spatial resolution was 5.1 lp/cm for double-sided and 3.8 lp/cm for the single-sided setup. Double- and single-sided pRad with realistic tracker properties returned a spatial resolution of 3.8 lp/cm and 3.2 lp/cm, respectively. Future studies should investigate the development of dedicated reconstruction algorithms targeted for single-sided particle imaging.
A Bayesian model of filamentary dynamics in MAST
Authors: Appel L C , Kwak S , Militello F , Svensson J 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A novel approach using Bayesian inference has been implemented to interpret the filamentary dynamics measured by a Langmuir probe fixed to a reciprocating assembly on MAST. The model describes the system as a superposition of time-displaced filaments and a fixed background component. Each filament is parameterised in terms of a characteristic rise and fall time and maximum amplitude centred on local maxima in the measured data time-series. A distinctive feature of the approach is that no minimum threshold is set for the existence of filaments. It is observed that whereas large amplitude filaments are well characterised in terms of rise times, smaller amplitude filaments are often unconstrained by the data and are limited by the details of the prior. Based on these findings, a new definition for the plasma filaments is proposed based on the uncertainty in the filament rise times. The remaining filaments together with the constant background component forms a new time-dependent signal referred to as the computed background fluctuation signal. The characteristics of these signals (for the plasma filaments and for the background fluctuations) are reported in terms of their spatial variation as the probe moves through the SOL and into the core plasma.
Instability in a magnetised collisional plasma driven by a heat flow or a current
Authors: Bell A R , Kingham R J , Watkins H C , Matthews J H 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We solve the linearised Vlasov-Fokker-Planck (VFP) equation to show that heat flow or an electrical current in a magnetized collisional plasma is unstable to the growth of a circularly polarised transverse perturbation to a zeroth order uniform magnetic field. The Braginskii [1965 Rev Plasma Phys
1 205] transport equations exhibit the same instability in the appropriate limit. This is relevant to laser-produced plasmas, inertial fusion energy (IFE) and to dense cold interstellar plasmas.
Constraints on neutron skin thickness and symmetry energy of 208Pb through Skyrme forces and cluster model
Authors: Amiri M. Moghaddari , Ghodsi O. N. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We used the cluster structure properties of the 212Po to estimate the neutron skin thickness of 208Pb. For this purpose, we considered two important components: (a) alpha decay is a low energy phenomenon; therefore, one can expect that the mean-field, which can explain the ground state properties of 212Po, does not change during the alpha decay process. (b) 212Po has a high alpha cluster-like structure, two protons and two neutrons outside its core nucleus with a double magic closed-shell, and the cluster model is a powerful formalism for the estimation of alpha decay preformation factor of such nuclei. The slope of the symmetry energy of 208Pb is estimated to be

MeV within the selected same mean-fields and Skyrme forces, which can simultaneously satisfy the ground-state properties of parent and daughter nuclei, as their neutron skin thicknesses are consistent with experimental data.
First order QED processes in a spatially flat FLRW space-time with a Milne-type scale factor
Authors: Cotăescu Ion I. , Popescu Diana 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The quantum electrodynamics (QED) in a spatially flat (1+3)-dimensional Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) space-time with a Milne-type scale factor is outlined focusing on the amplitudes of the allowed processes in the first order perturbations. The definition of the transition rates is reconsidered such that an appropriate angular behavior of the probability for creation of an electron-positron pair from a photon is obtained, which has a similar rate as the creation of a photon and an electron-positron pair from vacuum. It is shown that these processes are allowed only in the first order perturbations, since the photon emission or absorption by an electron or positron are forbidden.
Optimization of Two-Component Nuclear Power System
Authors: Muraviev E V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
System study results are presented that demonstrate the feasibility of Russian nuclear power attaining 120 GW(e) level by the century end, taking into account decommissioning of older NPPs that complete their operation life, and assuming the new NPPs commissioning rate of 4-6 power units per 5 years until the year of 2050 and up to 10 units per 5 years in the second half of the century. The possibility of complete nuclear power transition through the stage of two-component structure towards the new technological platform with naturally safe fast neutron reactors domination has been confirmed. No limitations related either to the national uranium resources or to the enrichment capabilities have been revealed.
Power unit with RP BREST-OD-300
Authors: Lemekhov V V , Petrenko A V , Yashkin A V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Pilot demonstration energy complex (PDEC) is designed for elaboration of technology for closure of the nuclear fuel cycle (CNFC) for further implementation of highpower energy complexes in the industrial scale. The project “Construction of the pilot and demonstration power unit with the lead-cooled fast neutron reactor on the site of abandoned territory “Seversk” (BREST-OD-300) is developed in accordance with requirements specification for development and implementation of nuclear power technologies and natural safety based on the fast neutron reactors and closed nuclear fuel cycle. The article describes the power unit with a reactor plant, its design characteristics, the layout of the primary circuit equipment, as well as special attention is paid to safety systems, nuclear and radiation safety and regulatory compliance in support of the safe operation of the reactor plant.
Radioactive isotope production in the fast neutron nuclear reactors
Authors: Risovanyi V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The present work reviews the primary benefits of radioactive isotope production in the fast neutron reactors the accumulated foreign and local experience in usage of this type of reactors for radioactive isotope production, and also the potential new trends in development of the existing technologies. The main advantage of isotope production in the fast neutron reactors is their high capacity and lower value in general as compared with the accelerating installations. One nuclear reactor may produce dozens of different isotopes including Cj-60, Sr-89 (targets on the base of yttrium), Ni-63 (targets on the base of copper), Eu-152, Eu-154, Sm-145, Sn-117n, Cu-64 and others. It should also be emphasized that a number of radioisotopes are most efficiently produced only in fast and intermediate neutron spectra, which is not possible in nuclear thermal reactors and, above all, in research reactors. Studies have shown that the organization of large-scale production of radioisotopes can significantly increase the economic attractiveness of fast-neutron reactors.
State of development of the heavy coolant quality support and control system for NF BREST-OD-300
Authors: Orlov A I , Orlov Yu I , Gulevskiy V A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Liquid lead has been chosen as the coolant for nuclear power plants with inherent safety in Russian Federation. Its physical and chemical properties offer distinct advantages over other types of coolants in FR with inherent safety, but this coolant also possesses certain technological challenges in the course of reactor operation. Heavy liquid metal technology management system for BREST-OD-300 reactor consists of a number of high-end technological devices designed to operate and maintain crucial parameters of lead coolant for decades. Development of these devices required innovative and creative approach as well as strong verification procedures. This presentation will give recent updates on the development of oxygen sensors, mass-exchange devices, hydrogen purification system, coolant filter, hydrogen sensors, which combined present Coolant quality control and management system.
Program for CNFC R&D using BN-800
Authors: Khomyakov Yu S , Zherebtsov A A , Shadrin A Yu , Khaperskaya A V , Vasiliev B A , Farashkin M R 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Beloyarsk NPP with BN-800 reactor provides unique opportunities for the further development of fast reactor (FR) technologies and the development of the closed nuclear fuel cycle (CNFC). R&D program on the development CNFC technologies on the basis of the BN- 800 are currently developed. Program is planned for both MOX and nitride fuel. The main purpose of R&D are optimization of CNFC technologies in industrial scale, getting the reference experience and testing technologies in BN-800, verification new generation computer codes. In the framework R&D program to simulate elements CNFC technologies is expected to make and demonstrate the three major step to CNFC
– recycling of plutonium from spent fuel of thermal reactors;
– multiple recycling of fuel fast reactors;
– transmutation of minor actinides.
The presented program includes three main blocks
– the development of technologies for reprocessing spent MOX fuel of BN-800;
– the development of technologies of mixed nitride fuel (forming BN-800 core with the insertion of the nitride fuel, the demonstration of recycle equilibrium fuel with breeding ratio ∼1);
– development of partitioning and MA transmutation technologies in the FR.
It is anticipated that this Program will create the world’s first industrial power complex in the fullness of implementing CNFC with FR in the 30s.
Gold-coated iron oxide nanoparticles as a potential photothermal therapy agent to enhance eradication of breast cancer cells
Authors: Dheyab M A , Aziz A A , Jameel M S , Khaniabadi P M , Mehrdel B , Khaniabadi B M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) possess unique physicochemical properties which make them great for biomedical applications. This study reports the development of gold (Au) coated Fe3O4 (Au-Fe3O4 NPs) for photothermal therapy to eradicate breast cancer cells (MCF-7). The spherical shape of monodisperse Au-Fe3O4 NPs with an average size of 20.8 nm was confirmed by TEM. The cell viability evaluation of Au-Fe3O4 NPs showed negligible toxicity toward MCF-7 cells after 24 h. Significant cell reduction was observed for MCF-7 (73.9%) cells following photothermal therapy at highest concentration of NPs (50 μgFe/ml) for 10 minutes illumination when compared with other intervention groups. It can be concluded that, the synthesized Au-Fe3O4 NPs is an effective and promising photothermal therapy agent for breast cancer treatment.
Comparison of data-driven respiratory signal extraction methods from cone-beam CT (CBCT)
Authors: Mohd Amin A T , Mokri S S , Ahmad R , Abd Rahni A A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In Cone-Beam CT (CBCT) imaging, respiratory motion needs to be considered to mitigate motion artifacts thus increasing the accuracy of reconstructed images. Data driven methods can be used to extract respiratory signal directly from projection data without requiring any additional equipment or surrogate devices. Digital phantoms provide an adequate option to evaluate developing methods prior to clinical implementation. In this study, four data driven methods are used to extract respiratory signal from simulated projections. An in-house 4D MRI-based CBCT digital phantom is used, where actual respiratory signal is available as ground truth. In comparing all four data driven methods, the respiratory signal extracted using the Local Principal Component Analysis (LPCA) method is found to be robust and yielded the highest correlation coefficient of 0.8644 compared to the ground truth.
Three-dimensional (3D) scanning using Microsoft® Kinect® Xbox 360® scanner for fabrication of 3D printed radiotherapy head phantom
Authors: Zain N E , Rahman W N 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Radiotherapy phantoms are essential equipment for treatment verification and quality assurance. Recently, development in 3D printing technology provides an opportunity for fabricating patient-specific radiotherapy phantom that has many potential applications in clinical and research. This study investigates the application of Microsoft Kinect® Xbox 360 scanner to model human topography for 3D printed radiotherapy phantom fabrication. The feasibility and performance of the Kinect® scanner were tested on a standard commercial head phantom. The scanned head image was then edited and adapted for 3D printing. The finding suggests that the radiotherapy phantom can potentially be developed using the Kinect® sensor, which is easier and cheaper to operate in comparison to other techniques of fabricating 3D printed radiotherapy phantom.
Evaluation of a deep learning based brain tumour segmentation method
Authors: Mat Din Nor Kharul Aina , Abd.Rahni Ashrani Aizzuddin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Brain tumour segmentation is an important task in the diagnosis of brain tumours, in particular gliomas. Manual segmentation of brain tumors is a time-consuming task due to the large amount of MR images generated during imaging, and it also depends on the clinicians’ skill. Recently there has been interest in the use of deep learning, in particular those based on convolutional neural networks (CNN), to automate brain tumour segmentation more robustly. In this work we evaluate a cascaded CNN architecture on a popular public multisequence MRI dataset, consisting of around 500 patients in total. There are two networks which are separately trained on the BraTS 2015 and BraTS 2017 datasets. In self validation, the 2015 model produced dice scores of 0.9098 and 0.8308 for the whole tumour and tumour core respectively, whereas the 2017 model produced dice scores of 0.9128 and 0.9150 for the whole tumour and tumour core respectively. On the other hand, in cross validation, the 2015 model produced dice scores of 0.8762 and 0.7722 for the whole tumour and tumour core respectively, whereas the 2017 model produced dice scores of 0.8824 and 0.7454 for the whole tumour and tumour core respectively.