bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Faculty Perceptions of the Importance of Physical Assessment Skills Taught in Prelicensure Nursing Education
Authors: Fusner Stacy M. , Moots Hollie , O'Brien Tara , Sinnott Loraine T. 
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND
Physical assessment skills are key components of nursing practice. On average, nurses perform a head-to-toe assessment 4 times during a shift. The frequency and importance of this technique have resulted in controversy in determining the essential components of assessment to ensure readiness for practice.

PURPOSE
The purpose of the study was to explore the perceived importance by faculty for physical assessment skills taught in prelicensure nursing education programs.

METHODS
This was a cross-sectional descriptive study using a 136-item questionnaire. The sample was nursing faculty (n = 402) teaching in an accredited nursing program in the United States.

RESULTS
Among the physical assessment skill categories, integumentary (4.57 ± 0.51), central nervous (4.29 ± 0.62), and cardiovascular (4.20 ± 0.51) systems had the highest mean scores for the perceived level of importance of skill categories to be taught to prelicensure nursing students.

CONCLUSION
The data suggest that faculty perceive physical assessment skills associated with the integumentary, central nervous, and cardiovascular systems to be the most critical skills taught in a nursing assessment course.
The Morcellation “Debate” and the FDA 510(k) Process—A Call for Further Reform
Authors: Brennan Lacey , Milad Magdy P. , King Louise P. 
Published: December 2019

Importance
Few gynecologic surgeons understand the mechanism by which surgical instruments are approved for human use and marketing or do they appreciate the central role they play in postmarket surveillance and reporting after instruments have come to market.

Objective
Using the experience with the uterine morcellator, this review will detail the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) system for approving surgical instruments and the potential pitfalls of this process.

Evidence Acquisition
Literature review and public documents from the FDA.

Results
The FDA 510(k) approval process for surgical instruments relies largely on postmarket surveillance as exemplified by the uterine power morcellator, which was approved before sufficient evidence was available regarding its potential harms.

Conclusions
The current system currently transfers the responsibility of ensuring safety and efficacy to the public, patients, and providers. To minimize potential harm, the FDA needs to incorporate a greater standard of evidence into its framework for the approval and regulation of medical devices. The burden of these requirements should be borne at least in part by the companies bringing equipment to market.

Relevance
It is incumbent on all surgeons to be vigilant in their objective critical assessment of new instrumentation and report their outcomes after they come to market.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians

Learning Objectives
Physicians should be better able to: Identify the challenges associated with the current 510(k) process; Distinguish between the roles of the initial approval and postmarketing surveillance of surgical products and their safety; and Evaluate the efficacy of new surgical modalities and products.
Neuro-Ophthalmologic Features and Outcomes of Thalamic Infarction: A Single-Institutional 10-Year Experience
Authors: Moon Yeji , Eah Kyu Sang , Lee Eun-Jae , Kang Dong-Wha , Kwon Sun Uck , Kim Jong Sung , Lim Hyun Taek 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Neuro-ophthalmologic deficit after thalamic infarction has been of great concern to ophthalmologists because of its debilitating impacts on patients' daily living. We aimed to describe the visual and oculomotor features of thalamic infarction and to delineate clinical outcomes and prognostic factors of the oculomotor deficits from an ophthalmologic point of view.

Methods:
Clinical and neuroimaging data of all participants were retrospectively reviewed. Among the 12,755 patients with first-ever ischemic stroke, who were registered in our Stroke Data Bank between January 2009 and December 2018, 342 were found to have acute thalamic infarcts on MRI, from whom we identified the patients exhibiting neuro-ophthalmologic manifestations including visual, oculomotor, pupillary, and eyelid anomalies.

Results:
Forty (11.7%) of the 342 patients with thalamic infarction demonstrated neuro-ophthalmologic manifestations, consisting of vertical gaze palsy (n = 19), skew deviation with an invariable hypotropia of the contralesional eye (n = 18), third nerve palsy (n = 11), pseudoabducens palsy (n = 9), visual field defects (n = 7), and other anomalies such as isolated ptosis and miosis (n = 7). Paramedian infarct was the most predominant lesion of neuro-ophthalmologic significance, accounting for 84.8% (n = 28) of all patients sharing the oculomotor features. Although most of the patients with oculomotor abnormalities rapidly improved without sequelae, 6 (18.2%) patients showed permanent oculomotor deficits. Common clinical features of patients with permanent oculomotor deficits included the following: no improvement within 3 months, combined upgaze and downgaze palsy, and the involvement of the paramedian tegmentum of the rostral midbrain.

Conclusions:
Thalamic infarction, especially in paramedian territory, can cause a wide variety of neuro-ophthalmologic manifestations, including vertical gaze palsy, skew deviation, and third nerve palsy. Although most oculomotor abnormalities resolve spontaneously within a few months, some may persist for years when the deficits remain unimproved for more than 3 months after stroke.
Prediction of Multi peptides Vaccination from VP10,VP21, VP51 against Reverse Transcriptase Human immunodeficiency Viruses Using Immuno-informatics Approach
Authors: Almostafa Safa Ahmad , mohmed Ienas Ibrahim , Siddig Habab Abd elmoneim , Abd albagi Sahar obi , Khalil Abuzeid Nadir Musa 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe human immunodeficiency virus-(HIV) is group of the genus Lentivirus within the family of Retroviridae, subfamily Ortho retrovirinae. Based on genetic characteristics and differences in the viral antigens, HIV is classified into the types 1 and 2 (HIV-1, HIV-2). HIV is identical single – stranded RNA molecule that are enclosed within the core of the virus particle proteins, the genome of the HIV Provirus, also known as DNA, is generated by the Protease against reverse transcriptase RNA genome into DNA, degradation of the RNA and integration of the double – stranded HIV DNA into the human genome. The aim of this study is to determine antigenic peptides from p10, p21, and p51 proteins that can be used for multiple peptide vaccine design using In-Silico study. A total of 73 sequences of three proteins were obtained from NCBI and subjected to multiple sequence alignments using CLUSTALW tool to determine conserved regions.Immune Epitope Data Base tools were used to determine B cell epitopes, these tools are Bepipred Linear B cell epitopes prediction, surface accessibility and antigenicity prediction. Epitope binding to MHC class I and class II and their population coverage were also determined using IEDB software. The analysis results are as follow, for B cell binding from p10 (708QGYSP712), from p21 (704QGYSP708,73CVPTDPNPQ81) and (346“FKNL349) from p51. All these peptides have high score in Linear B cell epitopes prediction, surface accessibility and antigenicity prediction. On another hand peptides that reacted to MHC class I were (47EANTTLFCA55,53FCASDAKAY61,55,ASDAKAYET63) form p10,(38YYGVPVWKE46,10PQEVFLVNV18and29AAGSTMGAA37) from p21 and (63“EWEFVNTPP71,70PPLVKLWYQ78and79EKEPIVGA87) from p51 protein respectively. It worth noting that the peptides (119IISLWDQSL127,108CVKLTPLCV116) from p10, (38YYGVPVWKE46,20LLQYWSQEL34,16FNMWKNNMV30) from p21 and (7WKGSPAIFQ21,11WEFVNTPPL25and58FLWMGYELH72) protein is also binds to MHC class II with high affinity. All T cell peptides had highest population coverage, and the combined coverage for all peptides in this study was found to be 100%. Using In-Silico studies will ensure less risk of virulence and side effects. Evaluation of antibodies response in animal models is needed to confirm efficacy of these epitopes in inducing protective immune response.
Contrast-Enhanced, Molecular Imaging of Vascular Inflammation in the Mouse Model by Simultaneous PET/MRI
Authors: Du Siyi , Ng Thomas S.C. , House Adrian , Tang Tang , Zheng Lin , Tu Chuqiao , Peake Janice , Espiritu Imelda E. , Ma Kwan-Liu , Pinkerton Kent , Jacobs Russell E. , Louie Angelique Y. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDespite advances in diagnosis and management, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of death in the US. Atherosclerosis is the most common form of CVD and the vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaques to rupture is a primary determinant for risk of catastrophic ischemic events. Current imaging of atherosclerotic disease focuses on assessing plaque size and the degree of luminal stenosis, which are not good predictors of plaque stability. Functional methods to identify biomarkers of inflammation in plaques could facilitate assessment of plaque instability to allow early intervention. In this study, we validate the use of a purpose-built, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-compatible positron emission tomography (PET) insert for multimodal, molecular imaging of vulnerable plaques in mice. We illustrate the application of PET to screen for inflamed regions to guide the application of MRI. Molecular MRI visualizes regions of vascular inflammation and is coupled with anatomical MRI to generate detailed maps of the inflammatory marker within the context of an individual vessel. As a testbed for this imaging methodology, we developed a multimodal, iron oxide nanoparticle (NP) targeting vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) for simultaneous PET/MRI of vascular inflammation performed on a mouse carotid ligation model.In vitrocell studies confirmed that the NPs are not cytotoxic to liver cells.In vivosimultaneous PET/MRI imaging identified regions of inflammation. Three-dimensional rendering of the MRI data facilitated high-resolution visualization of patterns of inflammation along the injured vessel. Histology validated the co-localization of the NPs with VCAM-1 expression at sites of induced inflammation. The results of this work validate the utility of the simultaneous PET/MR insert as a research tool for small animals and lays groundwork to further advance the potential clinical utility of integrated imaging systems.
Comparison ofYersinia enterocoliticaDNA methylation at ambient and host temperatures
Authors: Van Hofwegen Dustin J. , Hovde Carolyn J. , Minnich Scott A. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTPathogenic bacteria recognize environmental cues to vary gene expression for host adaptation. Moving from ambient to host temperature,Yersinia enterocoliticaresponds by immediately repressing flagella synthesis and inducing the virulence plasmid (pYV)-encoded type III secretion system. In contrast, shifting from host to ambient temperature requires 2.5 generations to restore motility suggesting a link to the cell cycle. We hypothesized that differential DNA methylation contributes to temperature-regulated gene expression. We tested this hypothesis by comparing single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing ofY. enterocoliticaDNA from cells growing exponentially at 22°C and 37°C. The inter-pulse duration ratio rather than the traditional QV scoring was the kinetic metric to compare DNA from cells grown at each temperature. All 565 YenI restriction sites were fully methylated at both temperatures. Among the 27,118 DNA adenine methylase (Dam) sites, 42 had differential methylation patterns while 17 remained unmethylated regardless of temperature. A subset of the differentially methylated Dam sites localized to promoter regions of predicted regulatory genes including LysR-type and PadR-like transcriptional regulators, and a cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase. The unmethylated Dam sites localized with a bias to the replication terminus, suggesting they were protected from Dam methylase. No cytosine methylation was detected at Dcm sites.DATA SUMMARYAll methylation/base modification data are available at figshare athttps://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.3493247andhttps://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.3493310.IMPACT STATEMENTOrganisms sense and respond to their environment, in part, by epigenetic variation mediated by DNA methylation. Pathogenic bacteria vary gene expression to allow survival and activate virulence systems in response to host temperature.Yersinia enterocolitica,a facultative intracellular pathogen, respond by immediately repressing flagella synthesis and inducing the virulence plasmid-encoded type III secretion system. In this work, we examined the locations of DNA methylation throughout theY. enterocoliticagenome. While most methylation target sites were fully methylated, we identified sites with disparate temperature-dependent methylation. Several of these sites were within promoter regions of predicted regulatory genes. Differences in DNA methylation in promoter sequences are often responsible for variations in transcription. Identification of these differences in methylation provide likely candidates for regulators responsible for temperature-dependent phenotypes.
Intracellular photoswitchable neuropharmacology driven by luminescence from upconverting nanoparticles
Authors: Zhao Jun , Ellis-Davies Graham C. R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPhotoswitchable drugs are small-molecule optical probes that enable chromatically selective control of drug efficacy. Such light-driven neuropharmacology normally uses UV-visible light. Here we report that luminescence from a NaYF4:TmYb nanoparticle can be used for “remote control” of the configuration of an azobenzene-based quaternary ammonium photochrome called “AAQ”. Normally the thermodynamically favoredtransconfiguration of AAQ blocks voltage-gated potassium channels. Such activity is reduced by UV irradiation, due to the photochemicaltranstocisisomerization generated by UV light. Sincecis-AAQ absorbs more blue-green light, this wavelength range can be used to reverse the effects of UV light. We found that in place of such direct photostimulation, the blue luminescence from NaYF4:TmYb upconverting nanoparticles could drive AAQ activation inside living cells so as to enable bi-directional control of voltage-gated ion channels using UV and near-infrared light.
Mass measurements of polyploid lymphocytes reveal that growth is not size limited but depends strongly on cell cycle
Authors: Mu Luye , Kang Joon Ho , Olcum Selim , Payer Kristofor R. , Calistri Nicholas L. , Kimmerling Robert J. , Manalis Scott R. , Miettinen Teemu P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCell size is believed to influence cell growth and metabolism. Consistently, several studies have revealed that large cells have lower mass accumulation rates per unit mass (i.e. growth efficiency) than intermediate sized cells in the same population. Size-dependent growth is commonly attributed to transport limitations, such as increased diffusion timescales and decreased surface-to-volume ratio. However, separating cell size and cell cycle dependent growth is challenging. To decouple and quantify cell size and cell cycle dependent growth effects we monitor growth efficiency of freely proliferating and cycling polyploid mouse lymphocytes with high resolution. To achieve this, we develop large-channel suspended microchannel resonators that allow us to monitor mass of single cells ranging from 40 pg (small diploid lymphocyte) to over 4000 pg, with a resolution ranging from ~1% to ~0.05%. We find that mass increases exponentially with respect to time in early cell cycle but transitions to linear dependence during late S and G2 stages. This growth behavior repeats with every endomitotic cycle as cells grow in to polyploidy. Overall, growth efficiency changes 29% due to cell cycle. In contrast, growth efficiency did not change due to cell size over a 100-fold increase in cell mass during polyploidization. Consistently, growth efficiency remained constant when cell cycle was arrested in G2. Thus, cell cycle is a primary determinant of growth efficiency and increasing cell size does not impose transport limitations that decrease growth efficiency in cultured mammalian cells.Significance statementCell size is believed to influence cell behavior through limited transport efficiency in larger cells, which could decrease the growth rate of large cells. However, this has not been experimentally investigated due to a lack of non-invasive, high-precision growth quantification methods suitable for measuring large cells. Here, we have engineered large versions of microfluidic mass sensors called suspended microchannel resonators in order to study the growth of single mammalian cells that range 100-fold in mass. This revealed that the absolute size of a cell does not impose strict transport or other limitations that would inhibit growth. In contrast to cell size, however, cell cycle has a relatively large influence on growth and our measurements allow us to decouple and quantify the growth effects caused by cell cycle and cell size.
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 is an expanded gene family with adaptive roles in chickpea
Authors: Carmona-Molero Rocío , Jimenez-Lopez Jose C. , Gil Juan , Millán Teresa , Die Jose V. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLegumes play an important role in ensuring food security, improving nutrition and enhancing ecosystem resilience. Chickpea is globally an important grain legume adapted to semi-arid regions under rain-fed conditions. A growing body of research shows that aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) is a gene class with promising potential for plant adaptation improvement. Aldehyde dehydrogenases constitute a superfamily of proteins with important functions as ‘aldehyde scavengers’ by detoxifying aldehydes molecules and thus playing important roles in stress responses. We performed a comprehensive study of the ALDH superfamily in the chickpea genome and identified 27 unique ALDH loci. Most chickpea ALDHs originated from duplication events and ALDH3 gene family was noticeably expanded. Based on the physical locations of genes and sequence similarities, our results suggest that segmental duplication has been a major driving force in the expansion of the ALDH family. Supported by expression data, the findings of this study offer new potential target genes for improving stress tolerance in chickpea that will be useful for the breeding program.
Positional isomers of a non-nucleoside substrate differentially affect myosin function
Authors: Woodward M. , Ostrander E. , Jeong S.P. , Liu X. , Scott B. , Unger M. , Chen J. , Venkataraman D. , Debold E.P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMolecular motors have evolved to transduce chemical energy from adenosine triphosphate into mechanical work to drive essential cellular processes, from muscle contraction to vesicular transport. Dysfunction of these motors is a root cause of many pathologies necessitating the need for intrinsic control over molecular motor function. Herein, we demonstrate that positional isomerism can be used as a simple and powerful tool to control the molecular motor of muscle, myosin. Using three isomers of a synthetic non-nucleoside triphosphate we demonstrate that myosin’s force and motion generating capacity can be dramatically altered at both the ensemble and single molecule levels. By correlating our experimental results with computation, we show that each isomer exerts intrinsic control by affecting distinct steps in myosin’s mechano-chemical cycle. Our studies demonstrate that subtle variations in the structure of an abiotic energy source can be used to control the force and motility of myosin without altering myosin’s structure.Statement of SignificanceMolecular motors transduce chemical energy from ATP into the mechanical work inside a cell, powering everything from muscle contraction to vesicular transport. While ATP is the preferred source of energy, there is growing interest in developing alternative sources of energy to gain control over molecular motors. We synthesized a series of synthetic compounds to serve as alternative energy sources for muscle myosin. Myosin was able to use this energy source to generate force and velocity. And by using different isomers of this compound we were able to modulate, and even inhibit, the activity of myosin. This suggests that changing the isomer of the substrate could provide a simple, yet powerful, approach to gain control over molecular motor function.
The effects of ownership concentration and corporate governance on corporate risk-taking
Authors: Jumreornvong Seksak , Treepongkaruna Sirimon , Prommin Panu , Jiraporn Pornsit 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the effects of ownership concentration and corporate governance on the extent of risk-taking in an important emerging economy – Thailand.Design/methodology/approachThe results are corroborated by additional analysis, including an instrumental-variable analysis and propensity score matching.FindingsLarge owners are under-diversified and are thus more vulnerable to the firm’s idiosyncratic risk. Therefore, they tend to advocate less risky corporate policies and strategies. Consistent with this notion, the authors find that more concentrated ownership induces firms to take significantly less risk.Originality/valueOwnership in Thai firms is substantially more concentrated than that in developed economies, providing a unique opportunity to study the effect of highly concentrated ownership on risk-taking.
Complexity in accounting for derivatives
Authors: Malaquias Rodrigo Fernandes , Zambra Pablo 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to analyze the perception of accountants in relation to the complexity of accounting for financial instruments and in relation to the disclosure of financial instruments in annual reports. Both aspects are relevant for the external users, and for the firms’ internal management.

Design/methodology/approach
The database comprises questionnaires answered by accountants from Brazil and Chile. Data were analyzed based on reliability statistics and multivariate regression analysis.

Findings
The main results indicate that accountants perceive the accounting for derivatives, hedge accounting, fair value measurement of financial instruments and the respective disclosure of these operations as a complex issue. These findings are interesting considering that there are detailed accounting standards relating to financial instruments.

Research limitations/implications
The results indicate that education and gender affect the perception of complexity about accounting of derivatives.

Practical implications
Findings from this research show that accountants do perceive derivatives as complex items for accounting, particularly accounting for hedges.

Social implications
The results can motivate some initiatives for training activities and for teaching academic content about financial instruments in undergraduate courses.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that tests some personal characteristics of accountants (namely, professional experience, education and gender), in contrast to their perceptions about complexity of accounting for derivatives.