bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Selection of Benchmark Problems in Solid Mechanics and Applied Mathematics
Authors: Schröder Jörg , Wick Thomas , Reese Stefanie , Wriggers Peter , Müller Ralf , Kollmannsberger Stefan , Kästner Markus , Schwarz Alexander , Igelbüscher Maximilian , Viebahn Nils , Bayat Hamid Reza , Wulfinghoff Stephan , Mang Katrin , Rank Ernst , Bog Tino , D’Angella Davide , Elhaddad Mohamed , Hennig Paul , Düster Alexander , Garhuom Wadhah , Hubrich Simeon , Walloth Mirjam , Wollner Winnifried , Kuhn Charlotte , Heister Timo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this contribution we provide benchmark problems in the field of computational solid mechanics. In detail, we address classical fields as elasticity, incompressibility, material interfaces, thin structures and plasticity at finite deformations. For this we describe explicit setups of the benchmarks and introduce the numerical schemes. For the computations the various participating groups use different (mixed) Galerkin finite element and isogeometric analysis formulations. Some programming codes are available open-source. The output is measured in terms of carefully designed quantities of interest that allow for a comparison of other models, discretizations, and implementations. Furthermore, computational robustness is shown in terms of mesh refinement studies. This paper presents benchmarks, which were developed within the Priority Programme of the German Research Foundation ‘SPP 1748 Reliable Simulation Techniques in Solid Mechanics—Development of Non-Standard Discretisation Methods, Mechanical and Mathematical Analysis’.
The Management of Foreign Body Displacement into the Maxillary Sinus as a Complication of Maxillofacial Interventions: Systematic Review
Authors: Wojtera Bartosz , Woźna Angelika , Komisarek Oskar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDisplacement of foreign bodies into the maxillary sinus shows an increasing tendency, especially in regard to raising amount of dental implant installation procedures. The purpose of our study was to compare the efficiency and the rate of late complications among the methods of removal of foreign bodies from maxillary sinus. We performed a systematic review following PRISMA Checklist, searching Pubmed and Google Scholar databases for studies investigating the methods of removal of foreign bodies from maxillary sinus. The inclusion criteria embraced the examined group of at least 10 cases and the follow up period of minimum 3 months. We qualified 7 papers from 531 identified in primary search.
Among qualified studies functional endoscopic sinus surgery used in order to remove foreign body from maxillary sinus had no late complications, whereas they occurred in 0–5% cases of using replaceable or pedicled bone approaches and in 15–18% cases of Caldwell-Luc approach. FESS probably should become a gold standard in retrieving foreign bodies from maxillary sinus, however poor evidence requires further investigation, especially in prospective, randomized trials.
Pioneer of prostate cancer: past, present and the future of FOXA1
Authors: Teng Mona , Zhou Stanley , Cai Changmeng , Lupien Mathieu , He Housheng Hansen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractProstate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed non-cutaneous cancers in North American men. While androgen deprivation has remained as the cornerstone of prostate cancer treatment, resistance ensues leading to lethal disease. Forkhead box A1 (FOXA1) encodes a pioneer factor that induces open chromatin conformation to allow the binding of other transcription factors. Through direct interactions with the Androgen Receptor (AR), FOXA1 helps to shape AR signaling that drives the growth and survival of normal prostate and prostate cancer cells. FOXA1 also possesses an AR-independent role of regulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In prostate cancer, mutations converge onto the coding sequence and cis-regulatory elements (CREs) of FOXA1, leading to functional alterations. In addition, FOXA1 activity in prostate cancer can be modulated post-translationally through various mechanisms such as LSD1-mediated protein demethylation. In this review, we describe the latest discoveries related to the function and regulation of FOXA1 in prostate cancer, pointing to their relevance to guide future clinical interventions.
Linear Variance, P-splines and Neighbour Differences for Spatial Adjustment in Field Trials: How are they Related?
Authors: Boer Martin P. , Piepho Hans-Peter , Williams Emlyn R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNearest-neighbour methods based on first differences are an approach to spatial analysis of field trials with a long history, going back to the early work by Papadakis first published in 1937. These methods are closely related to a geostatistical model that assumes spatial covariance to be a linear function of distance. Recently, P-splines have been proposed as a flexible alternative to spatial analysis of field trials. On the surface, P-splines may appear like a completely new type of method, but closer scrutiny reveals intimate ties with earlier proposals based on first differences and the linear variance model. This paper studies these relations in detail, first focussing on one-dimensional spatial models and then extending to the two-dimensional case. Two yield trial datasets serve to illustrate the methods and their equivalence relations. Parsimonious linear variance and random walk models are suggested as a good point of departure for exploring possible improvements of model fit via the flexible P-spline framework.
Die Harnröhrenstriktur des Mannes
Authors: Schmid Florian , Mack Michaela , Sulser Tullio 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Harnröhrenstriktur des Mannes ist eine komplexe Erkrankung und geht mit einer signifikant eingeschränkten Lebensqualität sowie oftmals wiederkehrenden Behandlungen durch den Urologen einher. Abhängig vom Schweregrad und der Dauer seit der ersten Symptommanifestation kann sich das Krankheitsbild u. U. auch negativ auf den gesamten Harntrakt auswirken. Je nach anatomischer Lokalisation der Harnröhrenstriktur stehen zudem unterschiedliche Therapieoptionen zur Wahl. Daher ist es entscheidend, dass der Wahl des Therapiepfades eine saubere Diagnostik und eine ganzheitliche Aufklärung mit gemeinsamer Entscheidungsfindung zwischen Patient und Arzt vorausgehen. Nur so können, unter Berücksichtigung der individuellen Präferenzen, die richtige Behandlung gewählt und ein befriedigendes Resultat herbeigeführt werden. In diesem zweiteiligen Review wird die Harnröhrenstriktur des Mannes von der Ätiologie über die Diagnostik bis hin zur, teils komplexen, operativen Behandlung ausgeleuchtet.
The end to testamentary freedom
Authors: Hedlund Richard 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTotal testamentary freedom in English law came to an end with the passage of the Inheritance (Family Provision) Act 1938, since replaced by the Inheritance (Provision for Family and Dependants) Act 1975. The Act introduced the family provision rule, which allows disinherited family members to apply to court for a financial award out of the estate. This paper critically re-examines the parliamentary proceedings, held between 1928 and 1938, which debated the merits of testamentary freedom and the need to limit the doctrine by introducing the family provision rule, then already in force in many of the Dominions. There were strong social arguments in favour of redressing unjust disinheritances, pitted against core values of personal freedom and private ownership. The paper will show that there were compelling merits in introducing the family provision rule and the Act has stood the test of time.
Maize distillers dried grains with solubles alter dietary digestibility and improve intestine health of pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus juveniles
Authors: Oliveira Katia Rodrigues Batista , Peres Helena , Oliva-Teles Aires , Marconi Joana Nize , Paulino Renan Rosa , Diógenes Alexandre Firmino , Viegas Elisabete Maria Macedo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTwo trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of soyabean meal replacement by maize distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) in diets for pacu juveniles. Five diets were formulated with 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 g of DDGS/kg diet replacing up to total dietary soyabean meal. In trial 1, the experimental diets were fed to five groups of fish to evaluate the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC). In trial 2, four groups of fish were fed each experimental diet for 100 d to evaluate the effects of these diets on digestive enzyme activity, intestine oxidative stress and intestine morphology. The ADC of DM and energy was reduced with dietary DDGS inclusion, while the ADC of lipids was increased, and no differences were observed for the ADC of protein. Independent of dietary treatment, pH increased from anterior to the distal intestine with dietary DDGS inclusion. Digestive enzyme activities were higher on anterior than the distal intestine. Dietary DDGS decreased lipase, amylase, chymotrypsin and trypsin activities, while no differences were observed for total protease activity. Intestine glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was reduced in fish fed the DDGS diets, while catalase activity increased. Lipid peroxidation was lower in fish fed DDGS diets than the control. Intestine histomorphology improved with dietary DDGS inclusion. Overall, the negative effects of soyabean meal could be decreased by dietary replacement with maize DDGS which may have a prebiotic effect, improving intestine health.
Another World, in This One: Teju Cole's Switzerland
Authors: CRAN RONA 
Published: September 2020

In the summer of 2014, Teju Cole left his home in New York and travelled to Switzerland, the recipient of a residential fellowship from Literaturhaus Zürich. His residency came with a stipend, an apartment facing the distant mountains in a quiet part of the city, and the requirement that he reside in Switzerland for the better part of six months – though not necessarily in Zurich. Cole anticipated an opportunity for sustained absorption in his manuscript-in-progress, a nonfictional work about Lagos, where he grew up: “where better to write about chaotic, relentless, overpopulated Lagos than in modest, quietly industrious Zürich?” But what followed was a period less of writing than of mesmerized wandering and photography, through a country Cole evokes as “more different than others,” travelling by every available mode of public transport from the funicular to the ferry, with an old Yashica camera in his hands.
Host–parasite relationships between seabirds and the haemadipsid leechChtonobdella palmyrae(Annelida: Clitellata) inhabiting oceanic islands in the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Nakano Takafumi , Suzuki Hajime , Suzuki Naoko , Kimura Yuichi , Sato Tatsuo , Kamigaichi Hiromi , Tomita Naoki , Yamasaki Takeshi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe duognathous haemadipsid leeches of the genusChtonobdellashow a trans-oceanic distribution throughout the Indo-Pacific region. Although passive long-distance dispersal (LDD) ofChtonobdellaleeches by birds has been suggested, little is known about the host–parasite relationships between avian hosts andChtonobdellaleeches. In the current study, we investigatedChtonobdellaleech infestations of the eyes and other mucus membranes of migratory procellariiform seabirds,Pterodroma hypoleucaandOceanodroma tristrami, captured at six locations in the Bonin Islands, Honshu and Okinawa Island, Japan. Analyses of the partial sequences of 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, and mitochondrial cytochromecoxidase subunit I (COI) and morphological examination of the specimens demonstrated that theChtonobdellaleeches belonged toChtonobdella palmyrae, which is indigenous to Palmyra Atoll in the Northern Line Islands. A dominant COI sequence type was observed in samples from all six sites; therefore,C. palmyraealmost surely dispersed approximately 1000 km by infesting the eyes and mucus membranes of procellariiform seabirds. The host–parasite relationships between procellariiform seabirds andC. palmyraeprovide explicit evidence of the LDD of duognathous haemadipsid leeches. The taxonomic status ofHaemadipsa zeylanica ivosimaefrom the Volcano Islands is also briefly discussed.
Adaptive capacity of Arctic communities in the context of climate change and shipping growth: A review of Russian and Western literature
Authors: Olsen Julia 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Throughout the past two decades, the number of studies examining the adaptive capacity of Arctic communities in the context of climate change has been increasing; however, little is known about Arctic communities’ ability to adapt to certain emerging changes, such as increased shipping activity. To address this knowledge gap, this study systematically analyses published scientific articles on community adaptive capacity in circumpolar Arctic, including articles published in Russian which may not be captured in English-only reviews. Throughout this review, the study focuses on three areas: the development of the adaptive capacity framework; the conditions that enable community adaption abilities; and the extent to which shipping developments are addressed in the literature. This study demonstrates that the adaptive capacity framework has been significantly developed both theoretically and methodologically and is broadly used to address new types of climatic and non-climatic changes. Though the impacts from the shipping development are discussed in some studies, there is a clear need for further examination of coastal communities’ ability to adapt to such changes. Additionally, the study reveals limitations in the application of the Western conceptual terminology when exploring community-based research by Russian scholars.
Schneider's first-rank symptoms have neither diagnostic value for schizophrenia nor higher clinical validity than other delusions and hallucinations in psychotic disorders
Authors: Peralta Victor , Cuesta Manuel J 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe validity of studies on the diagnostic significance of first-rank symptoms (FRS) for schizophrenia has been put in doubt because of a poor compliance with Schneider's criterion for their definition and the lack of use of the phenomenological method for their assessment. In this study, using a rigorously phenomenological approach to elicit FRS, we examined (a) the degree to which unequivocally present FRS differentiated schizophrenia (n=513) from other psychotic disorders (n=633), and (b) the comparative validity between FRS and other reality-distortion symptoms against 16 external validators in the whole sample of psychotic disorders (n=1146). Diagnostic performance indices (with 95% CIs) of FRS for diagnosing schizophrenia were as follows: sensitivity=0.58 (0.54−0.61), specificity=0.65 (0.62−0.67), positive predictive value=0.57 (0.54−0.60) and negative predictive value=0.65 (0.63−0.68). While the overall association pattern of FRS and non-FRS scores with the validators was rather similar, three validators (premorbid social adjustment, number of hospitalizations and global assessment of functioning) were significantly related to non-FRS scores (p < 0.006) but not to FRS scores (p > 0.05). Furthermore, no validator was significantly related to FRS scores and unrelated to non-FRS scores, all of which indicates an overall better predictive validity for non-FRS delusions and hallucinations. These findings suggest that FRS do not have diagnostic value for diagnosing schizophrenia and that they do not meaningfully add to the external validity showed by other delusions and hallucinations. We believe that much of the misunderstanding about the diagnostic and clinical validity of FRS for schizophrenia is rooted in Schneider's confusing concept of the disorder.
Successional dynamics shape tree diversity in evergreen forests of Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa
Authors: Adou Yao Constant Yves , Munoz François 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDisturbances and successional dynamics shape the composition of tree communities, but data remain scarce for tropical forests of West Africa. We assessed the imprint of past disturbances on the composition of evergreen forests in an Ivorian National Park. We hypothesized that (i) Pioneer indices (PI) based on the relative proportion of pioneer and non-pioneer trees relate to changing floristic composition due to successional dynamics, (ii) local community richness peaks at an intermediate value of PI under the Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis (IDH) and (iii) early successional communities have higher beta diversity due to erratic founder effects. We performed a Correspondence Analysis of tree composition of 38 plots and examined how the main components of floristic variation related to environmental factors and PI. In addition, we tested the relationship between PI, local richness and beta diversity. The variation of PI better explained the main components of floristic variation than abiotic environmental variation, supporting a primary role of successional dynamics in shaping tree communities. We found a peak of richness at intermediate values of PI, supporting the IDH, with a mixture and earlier and later-successional species and more even abundances. The communities were very diverse and included many endemics and rare species. The results underline that the composition of early successional forests greatly varies depending on chance colonization events, while more similar old-growth communities are eventually observed after several decades. The findings should guide management practices for forest restoration, and for conservation of endangered species depending on their successional status.
The Roles of Storminess and Sea Level Rise in Decadal Barrier Island Evolution
Authors: Passeri Davina L. , Dalyander P. Soupy , Long Joseph W. , Mickey Rangley C. , Jenkins Robert L. , Thompson David M. , Plant Nathaniel G. , Godsey Elizabeth S. , Gonzalez Victor M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractModels of alongshore sediment transport during quiescent conditions, storm‐driven barrier island morphology, and poststorm dune recovery are integrated to assess decadal barrier island evolution under scenarios of increased sea levels and variability in storminess (intensity and frequency). Model results indicate barrier island response regimes of keeping pace, narrowing, flattening, deflation (narrowing and flattening), and aggradation. Under lower storminess scenarios, more areas of the island experienced narrowing due to collision. Under higher storminess scenarios, more areas experienced flattening due to overwash and inundation. Both increased sea levels and increased storminess resulted in breaching when the majority of the island was not keeping pace and deflation was the dominant regime due to increased overtopping. Under the highest storminess scenario, the island was unable to recover elevation after storms and drowned in just 10 years.
Future Projections of Water Temperature and Thermal Stratification in Connecticut Reservoirs and Possible Implications for Cyanobacteria
Authors: Mullin Cristina A. , Kirchhoff Christine J. , Wang Guiling , Vlahos Penny 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFuture climate warming may increase water temperature, stratification, and the occurrence of cyanobacteria blooms in drinking water reservoirs. Herein, past relationships between air temperature, water temperature, thermal stratification, and cyanobacteria prevalence are quantified in six Connecticut, U.S.A., reservoirs. Lake‐specific empirical models were developed and used to project historical (1971–2000) and future (mid‐century, 2041–2070) water temperature and thermal stratification in the study lakes. Projections are driven with downscaled air temperature projections from three general circulation models (i.e., HadGEM2‐CC365, CCSM4, and GFDL‐ESM 2M) under Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5. Results suggest that reservoirs in Connecticut are warming relatively quickly over time and that surface, average, and bottom water temperatures may continue to increase by 0.44°C, 0.30°C, and 0.16°C per decade, respectively. Future projections of thermal stratification indicate that significant increases may occur in July–September and that stratification is likely to begin 2–4 weeks earlier and last 2–4 weeks longer by mid‐century. High‐risk cyanobacteria blooms, defined as those exceeding 70,000 cells ml−1, historically occurred in three of the study reservoirs and are correlated with the occurrence of high surface water temperatures, cool bottom water temperatures, and high total Relative Thermal Resistance to Mixing (RTRM). Days per year with extreme high water temperatures and total RTRM are projected to increase significantly in the future. This shift may favor increased dominance of certain cyanobacteria species that tend to grow best in these extreme conditions, especially in reservoirs where cyanobacteria blooms are already a concern.
Etiology-specific variation in survival following non-traumatic spinal cord injury: a causal inference approach using data from a population-based cohort
Authors: Buzzell Anne , Chamberlain Jonviea D. , Eriks-Hoogland Inge , Jordan Xavier , Schubert Martin , Zwahlen Marcel , Brinkhof Martin W. G. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Study design
Observational, population-based cohort study.

Objectives
To evaluate the origin and contribution to excess of survival differences following non-traumatic spinal cord injury (NTSCI) using etiology as proxy for variation in underlying health condition.

Setting
Specialized rehabilitation centers in Switzerland.

Methods
Medical record data collected by the Swiss Spinal Cord Injury cohort (SwiSCI) study were linked with mortality information from the Swiss National Cohort. Considering contemporary theory and empirical evidence, a directed acyclic graph (DAG) was developed to formally evaluate causal differences among NTSCI etiologies, relative to traumatic SCI (TSCI). Statistical inference was contingent on hazard ratios (HRs) and marginal survival differences, derived using flexible parametric modeling.

Results
3643 individuals (NTSCI = 1357; TSCI = 2286) diagnosed with SCI between 1990 and 2011 were included, contributing a cumulative 41,344 person-years and 1323 deaths. Test statistics confirmed DAG-dataset consistency. As compared to TSCI, mortality was elevated in all NTSCI etiological groups; malignant etiologies had the highest HRs (10; 95% CI, 8.0 to 14) followed by infection (2.6; 1.8 to 3.6) and vascular (2.5; 2.0 to 3.2) etiology groups. At the attained age of 55, the estimated reduction in survival among non-malignant etiologies was 9.4% (5.8 to 13) at 5 years and 17% (11 to 23) at 20 years.

Conclusions
Causal differences in survival among NTSCI etiological groups are likely a result of chronic variation in health conditions. This study supports the development of long-term interdisciplinary management and policy for individuals with NTSCI, specific to etiology.