bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Permanent control of HIV-1 pathogenesis in exceptional elite controllers: a model of spontaneous cure
Authors: Casado Concepcion , Galvez Cristina , Pernas Maria , Tarancon-Diez Laura , Rodriguez Carmen , Sanchez-Merino Víctor , Vera Mar , Olivares Isabel , De Pablo-Bernal Rebeca , Merino-Mansilla Alberto , Del Romero Jorge , Lorenzo-Redondo Ramon , Ruiz-Mateos Ezequiel , Salgado María , Martinez-Picado Javier , Lopez-Galindez Cecilio 
Published: February 2020

AbstractElite controllers (EC) represent a small subset of HIV-1-infected people that spontaneously control viral replication. However, natural virological suppression and absence of immune dysfunction are not always long-term sustained. We define exceptional EC (EEC) as HIV-1 subjects who maintain the EC characteristics without disease progression for more than 25 years. We analyzed three EEC, diagnosed between 1988 and 1992, who never showed signs of clinical disease progression in absence of any antiretroviral treatment. A comprehensive clinical, virological, and immunological study was performed. The individuals simultaneously exhibited ≥3 described host protective alleles, low levels of total HIV-1 DNA (<20 copies/106 CD4+ T-cells) without evidence of replication-competent viruses (<0.025 IUPM), consistent with high levels of defective genomes, strong cellular HIV-1-specific immune response, and a high poly-functionality index (>0.50). Inflammation levels of EEC were similar to HIV-1 negative donors. Remarkably, they showed an exceptional lack of viral evolution and 8-fold lower genetic diversity (<0.01 s/n) in env gene than other EC. We postulate that these EEC represent cases of spontaneous functional HIV-1 cure. A non-functional and non-genetically evolving viral reservoir along with an HIV-1-specific immune response seems to be key for the spontaneous functional cure.
Autologous platelet-rich fibrin stimulates canine periodontal regeneration
Authors: Kornsuthisopon Chatvadee , Pirarat Nopadon , Osathanon Thanaphum , Kalpravidh Chanin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPlatelet-rich fibrin (PRF) provides a scaffold for cell migration and growth factors for promoting wound healing and tissue regeneration. Here, we report using PRF in periodontal healing after open flap debridement (OFD) in canine periodontitis. A split-mouth design was performed in twenty dogs. Forty periodontitis surgical sites were randomly categorized into 2 groups; OFD alone and OFD with PRF treatment. Clinical parameters of periodontal pocket depth, gingival index, and the cemento-enamel junction-alveolar bone levels/root length ratio were improved in the OFD + PRF group. The OFD + PRF group also demonstrated a dramatically decreased inflammatory score compared with the OFD group. Collagen accumulation was improved in the OFD + PRF group at later time points compared with baseline. PRF application also significantly reduced inflammatory cytokine expression (TNFA and IL1B), and promoted the expression of collagen production-related genes (COL1A1, COL3A1, and TIMP1) and growth factors (PDGFB, TGFB1, and VEGFA). These findings suggest that PRF combined with OFD provides a new strategy to enhance the overall improvement of canine periodontitis treatment outcomes, especially in terms of inflammation and soft tissue healing. Therefore, PRF use in treating periodontitis could play an important role as a regenerative material to improve canine periodontitis treatment.
Pharmaceuticals in treated wastewater induce a stress response in tomato plants
Authors: Gorovits Rena , Sobol Iris , Akama Kazuhito , Chefetz Benny , Czosnek Henryk 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPharmaceuticals remain in treated wastewater used to irrigate agricultural crops. Their effect on terrestrial plants is practically unknown. Here we tested whether these compounds can be considered as plant stress inducers. Several features characterize the general stress response in plants: production of reactive oxygen species acting as stress-response signals, MAPKs signaling cascade inducing expression of defense genes, heat shock proteins preventing protein denaturation and degradation, and amino acids playing signaling roles and involved in osmoregulation. Tomato seedlings bathing in a cocktail of pharmaceuticals (Carbamazepine, Valporic acid, Phenytoin, Diazepam, Lamotrigine) or in Carbamazepine alone, at different concentrations and during different time-periods, were used to study the patterns of stress-related markers. The accumulation of the stress-related biomarkers in leaf and root tissues pointed to a cumulative stress response, mobilizing the cell protection machinery to avoid metabolic modifications and to restore homeostasis. The described approach is suitable for the investigation of stress response of different crop plants to various contaminants present in treated wastewater.
A new pH sensor localized in the Golgi apparatus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals unexpected roles of Vph1p and Stv1p isoforms
Authors: Deschamps Antoine , Colinet Anne-Sophie , Zimmermannova Olga , Sychrova Hana , Morsomme Pierre 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe gradual acidification of the secretory pathway is conserved and extremely important for eukaryotic cells, but until now there was no pH sensor available to monitor the pH of the early Golgi apparatus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Therefore, we developed a pHluorin-based sensor for in vivo measurements in the lumen of the Golgi. By using this new tool we show that the cis- and medial-Golgi pH is equal to 6.6–6.7 in wild type cells during exponential phase. As expected, V-ATPase inactivation results in a near neutral Golgi pH. We also uncover that surprisingly Vph1p isoform of the V-ATPase is prevalent to Stv1p for Golgi acidification. Additionally, we observe that during changes of the cytosolic pH, the Golgi pH is kept relatively stable, mainly thanks to the V-ATPase. Eventually, this new probe will allow to better understand the mechanisms involved in the acidification and the pH control within the secretory pathway.
Imaging Special Nuclear Material using a Handheld Dual Particle Imager
Authors: Steinberger William M. , Ruch Marc L. , Giha Nathan , Fulvio Angela Di , Marleau Peter , Clarke Shaun D. , Pozzi Sara A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA compact radiation imaging system capable of detecting, localizing, and characterizing special nuclear material (e.g. highly-enriched uranium, plutonium…) would be useful for national security missions involving inspection, emergency response, or war-fighters. Previously-designed radiation imaging systems have been large and bulky with significant portions of volume occupied by photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). The prototype imaging system presented here uses silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) in place of PMTs because SiPMs are much more compact and operate at low power and voltage. The SiPMs are coupled to the ends of eight stilbene organic scintillators, which have an overall volume of 5.74 × 5.74 × 7.11 cm3. The prototype dual-particle imager’s capabilities were evaluated by performing measurements with a 252Cf source, a sphere of 4.5 kg of alpha-phase weapons-grade plutonium known as the BeRP ball, a 6 kg sphere of neptunium, and a canister of 3.4 kg of plutonium oxide (7% 240Pu and 93% 239Pu). These measurements demonstrate neutron spectroscopic capabilities, a neutron image resolution for a Watt spectrum of 9.65 ± 0.94° in the azimuthal direction and 22.59 ± 5.81° in the altitude direction, imaging of gamma rays using organic scintillators, and imaging of multiple sources in the same field of view.
Molecular mechanisms of Wischnewski spot development on gastric mucosa in fatal hypothermia: an experimental study in rats
Authors: Yang Chihpin , Sugimoto Kana , Murata Yukie , Hirata Yuichiro , Kamakura Yu , Koyama Yoshihisa , Miyashita Yohei , Nakama Kentaro , Higashisaka Kazuma , Harada Kazuo , Katada Ryuichi , Matsumoto Hiroshi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNumerous dark-brown-coloured small spots called “Wischnewski spots” are often observed in the gastric mucosa in the patients dying of hypothermia, but the molecular mechanisms through which they develop remain unclear. We hypothesised that hypothermia may activate the secretion of gastric acid and pepsin, leading to the development of the spots. To investigate this, we performed experiments using organotypic rat gastric tissue slices cultured at 37 °C (control) or 32 °C (cold). Cold loading for 6 h lowered the extracellular pH in the culture medium. The mRNA expression of gastrin, which regulates gastric acid secretion, increased after cold loading for 3 h. Cold loading increased the expression of gastric H+,K+-ATPase pump protein in the apical canalicular membrane and resulted in dynamic morphological changes in parietal cells. Cold loading resulted in an increased abundance of pepsin C protein and an elevated mRNA expression of its precursor progastricsin. Collectively, our findings clarified that cold stress induces acidification by activating gastric H+,K+-ATPase pumps and promoting pepsin C release through inducing progastricsin expression on the gastric mucosa, leading to tiny haemorrhages or erosions of the gastric mucosa that manifest as Wischnewski spots in fatal hypothermia.
Intermittent hypoxia exacerbates tumor progression in a mouse model of lung cancer
Authors: Kang Hye Seon , Kwon Hee Young , Kim In Kyoung , Ban Woo Ho , Kim Sei Won , Kang Hyeon Hui , Yeo Chang Dong , Lee Sang Haak 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate whether obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)-related chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) influences lung cancer progression and to elucidate the associated mechanisms in a mouse model of lung cancer. C57/BL6 mice in a CIH group were exposed to intermittent hypoxia for two weeks after tumor induction and compared with control mice (room air). Hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and metastasis-related matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) were measured. The expression levels of several hypoxia-related pathway proteins including HIF-1α, Wnt/ß-catenin, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and mammalian target of rapamycin-ERK were measured by western blot. The number (P < 0.01) and volume (P < 0.05) of tumors were increased in the CIH group. The activity of MMP-2 was enhanced after CIH treatment. The level of VEGF was increased significantly in the CIH group (p < 0.05). ß-catenin and Nrf2 were translocated to the nucleus and the levels of downstream effectors of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling increased after IH exposure. CIH enhanced proliferative and migratory properties of tumors in a mouse model of lung cancer. ß-catenin and Nrf2 appeared to be crucial mediators of tumor growth.
Lizards and rabbits may increase Chagas infection risk in the Mediterranean-type ecosystem of South America
Authors: San Juan Esteban , Araya-Donoso Raúl , Sandoval-Rodríguez Alejandra , Yáñez-Meza Andrea , Quiroga Nicol , Botto-Mahan Carezza 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStudies of host-parasite relationships largely benefit from adopting a multifactorial approach, including the complexity of multi-host systems and habitat features in their analyses. Some host species concentrate most infection and contribute disproportionately to parasite and vector population maintenance, and habitat feature variation creates important heterogeneity in host composition, influencing infection risk and the fate of disease dynamics. Here, we examine how the availability of specific groups of hosts and habitat features relate to vector abundance and infection risk in 18 vector populations along the Mediterranean-type ecosystem of South America, where the kissing bug Mepraia spinolai is the main wild vector of the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. For each population, data on vectors, vertebrate host availability, vegetation, precipitation, and temperature were collected and analyzed. Vector abundance was positively related to temperature, total vegetation, and European rabbit availability. Infection risk was positively related to temperature, bromeliad cover, and reptile availability; and negatively to the total domestic mammal availability. The invasive rabbit is suggested as a key species involved in the vector population maintenance. Interestingly, lizard species –a group completely neglected as a potential reservoir–, temperature, and bromeliads were relevant factors accounting for infection risk variation across populations.
An all-sky proper-motion map of the Sagittarius stream usingGaiaDR2
Authors: Antoja T. , Ramos P. , Mateu C. , Helmi A. , Anders F. , Jordi C. , Carballo-Bello J. A. 
Published: February 2020

Aims.We aim to measure the proper motion along the Sagittarius stream, which is the missing piece in determining its full 6D phase space coordinates.Methods.We conduct a blind search of over-densities in proper motion from theGaiasecond data release in a broad region around the Sagittarius stream by applying wavelet transform techniques.Results.We find that for most of the sky patches, the highest intensity peaks delineate the path of the Sagittarius stream. The 1500 peaks identified depict a continuous sequence spanning almost 2πin the sky, only obscured when the stream crosses the Galactic disk. Altogether, around 100 000 stars potentially belong to the stream as indicated by a coarse inspection of the color-magnitude diagrams. From these stars, we determine the proper motion along the Sagittarius stream, making it the proper-motion sequence with the largest span and continuity ever measured for a stream. A first comparison with existingN-body models of the stream reveals some discrepancies, especially near the pericenter of the trailing arm and an underestimation of the total proper motion for the leading arm.Conclusions.Our study provides a starting point for determining the variation of the population of stars along the stream, the distance to the stream from the red clump stars, and the solar motion. It also permits much more accurate measurement of the Milky Way potential.
Opioide
Authors: Reimer Jens 
Published: February 2020

Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser,in den USA hat die Opioidkrise zum ersten Mal seit den 1990er Jahren zu einem Rückgang der Lebenserwartung beigetragen. Hintergrund dieser Krise ist die weitverbreitete niedrigschwellige Verschreibung opioidhaltiger Schmerzmittel. Zur Überwindung der Krise werden drastische Maßnahmen diskutiert, wie bspw. die Todesstrafe für den illegalen Handel mit Fentanyl.
Erkrankungen des Tränenapparats, Teil 1: Anatomie, Physiologie und Diagnostik
Authors: Heichel Jens , Struck Hans-Gert , Viestenz Arne , Glien Alexander , Plontke Stefan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe lacrimal apparatus is a part of the ocular adnexa preserving ocular surface homoeostasis and therefore enabling sufficiant visual functioning. Tear producting tissues, eyelids and efferent tear ducts operate as one functional unit. Pathologic changes consist of inflammatory diseases, congenital disorders, degenerations and neoplasia. Common to all these conditions is a potential impairment of the ocular integrity as well as a substantial degree of suffering for the affected patients. This review reflects basics of the anatomy, physiology, and diagnostics of the lacrimal apparatus.
Risk factors for bleeding from gastrointestinal angiodysplasia: a case-control study in patients with bleeding and non-bleeding angiodysplasia
Authors: Neu Bruno , Moessmer Georg , Bajbouj Monther , Becker Valentin , Barthel Petra , Seidl Holger , Schepp Wolfgang , Anzinger Michael , Dollhopf Markus , Meining Alexander , Schmid Roland M. , Budde Ulrich , Noe Sebastian 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objectives Angiodysplasia (AD) is a common source of gastrointestinal bleeding. Yet, little is known about factors forwarding bleeding in these vascular malformations. The presented study aims to determine risk factors for bleeding that occurs only in patients with symptomatic, but not with asymptomatic, AD.
Methods Case-control study in patients with AD and either a positive or a negative history of gastrointestinal bleeding in Munich, Germany. Groups were compared by clinical, laboratory, and endoscopic features.
Results 80 patients with (58, f 31, med. age 72) or without bleeding AD (22, f 12, med. age 61) were included. Bleeding from AD was significantly associated with the total number of AD (OR 1.4 (95 % CI 1.1–1.7) p = 0.01) and closure time in PFA/collagen-epinephrine test (OR 1.0 (95 % CI 1.0–1.0) p < 0.01). The total number of AD correlated significantly with age (r = 0.36; p = 0.01). AD were mainly detected in the upper small intestine (> 30 %). Although patients with aortic stenosis suffered not significantly more frequently from bleeding from AD, they demonstrated a loss of high molecular multimers of VWF.
Conclusions The amount of AD is clearly correlated to the age of the patient. A higher number of ADs and inhibition of primary hemostasis increase the risk of bleeding.
Körperliche Aktivität und deren Effekte auf das Burn-out-Syndrom
Authors: Dreher Matthias , Dößereck Nils , Lachtermann Ella 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDas vorliegende Review legt dar, dass regelmäßige körperliche Aktivität einen positiven Einfluss auf die Burn-out-Symptomatik hat. Mittels einer systematischen Literaturrecherche wurden die möglichen Effekte untersucht und die Evidenz mithilfe des Standard-Index of Convergence (SIC) bewertet. Der SIC lag in den Längsschnittstudien bei SIC (3) = –1, während er in den Interventionsstudien bei SIC (6) = –0,50 lag. Daher ist jeweils von einer moderat starken Evidenz auszugehen, dass körperliche Aktivität einen positiven gesundheitlichen Effekt auf das Burn-out-Syndrom hat. Aufgrund der Heterogenität der Erhebungstools und der Studienlage ist es notwendig, weitere qualitativ hochwertige Studien zur Burn-out-Thematik durchzuführen, um repräsentative Aussagen zu gewährleisten. Unabhängig von den positiven präventiven und therapeutischen Effekten ist die regelmäßige körperliche Aktivität ein grundlegender, jedoch kein alleiniger Ansatzpunkt, um der Erschöpfungssymptomatik vorzubeugen und entgegenzuwirken. Eine ausgewogene Life-Balance (privates Umfeld, berufliches Umfeld und Hygiene der Grundbedürfnisse) ist daher unerlässlich.
Current status of immunotherapy in gastrointestinal malignancies
Authors: Lorenzen Sylvie , Lordick Florian , Loosen Sven Heiko , Tacke Frank , Trautwein Christian , Roderburg Christoph , Ettrich Thomas J. , Perkhofer Lukas , Reinacher-Schick Anke , Stein Alexander 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGastrointestinal (GI) malignant neoplasms have a high global incidence and a huge impact on cancer-associated mortality. In the past years, excitement was growing among oncologists and patients alike for the use of immunotherapy, specifically immune checkpoint inhibitors. The approval of several PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors radically changed the treatment landscape in many cancer types and established immune-oncology as a new treatment strategy against cancer. Despite major breakthrough reports, shortcomings of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have been observed, including primary and acquired treatment resistance, especially in patients receiving ICIs as a single treatment. Several immunotherapies for the treatment of GI tumors have recently emerged; however, checkpoint inhibition has not yet shown similar success in GI malignancies compared to other solid tumors. Various phase I–III trials focusing on immunotherapies for GI tumors have found only moderate to unsatisfactory objective response rates (ORR), ranging between 10 % and 25 %. In particular, negative studies have been reported in gastric and pancreatic cancer. Nevertheless, small subsets of cancers, such as DNA mismatch repair deficient (dMMR)/microsatellite instable (MSI) cancers, among others, seem to benefit from treatment with immune checkpoint inhibition. Routine testing for the rare molecular features that can predict response should be implemented in clinical routine for all GI tumors, and large scale clinical trials to identify predictive biomarkers are needed. This article will address the current use and evidence for immunotherapy in GI malignancies and future trends in this area for clinical practice.
Contraception and Unintended Pregnancy in the Military Healthcare System
Authors: Heitmann Ryan J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe number of women serving in the Armed Forces is growing and readiness has been decreed as the number 1 priority for the total Army. Provision of contraception and unintended pregnancy rates higher than the general population are two key factors in readiness of female soldiers. An in-depth review of women's healthcare in the military identified these two areas of women's health as greatly understudied. Long-acting reversible contraception provides effective and cost-efficient method for contraception and a proven way to decrease unintended pregnancy. Increased research and focus into these two areas of women's health is crucial to providing the best care for our female service members.
Time Has Come for Routine Penicillin Allergy Testing in Obstetrics
Authors: Cook Elizabeth , Ramirez Mildred , Turrentine Mark 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective This study evaluates penicillin allergy during pregnancy to estimate the proportion that could benefit from penicillin allergy testing.
Study Design Retrospective cohort study of women with penicillin allergy that delivered from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018.
Results Among 6,321 deliveries, 446 (7%) were identified with penicillin allergy. Nine percent (41/446) had no documentation of allergy severity. Allergies associated with intolerance, low, moderate, or high risk of anaphylaxis were reported in 6% (25/446), 40% (177/446), 32% (142/446), and 14% (61/446), respectively. Nearly 74% (330/446) received an antibiotic either antepartum, at delivery, or within 6 weeks of postpartum. The majority of women, 81% (360/446) (i.e., undocumented reactions, low, or moderate risk of anaphylaxis) would have been eligible for penicillin allergy testing. Greater appropriate utilization of antibiotics occurred in women with a high 80% (39/49) or moderate risk of anaphylaxis 70% (79/112) versus low risk of anaphylaxis 55% (64/117), history of intolerance 40% (8/20), or undocumented reaction 19% (6/32), p ≤ 0.01.
Conclusion Most women who report a penicillin allergy during pregnancy would be candidates for penicillin allergy testing. With the high rate of antibiotic interventions in pregnant women who report a penicillin allergy, consideration should be given for penicillin allergy assessment.