bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women in Leadership
Authors: Wells Katerina , Fleshman James W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe role of a surgeon is inherently that of a leader and as women become a larger minority in surgical specialties, the next step becomes greater representation of women in positions of surgical leadership. Leadership is a relationship of granting and claiming wherein society must accept that women are deserving of leadership and women must realize their rightfulness to lead. Implicit gender bias undermines this relationship by perpetuating traditional gender norms of women as followers and not as leaders. Though female representation in academia and leadership has increased over the past few decades, this process is unacceptably slow, in part due to manifestations of implicit bias including discrimination within academia, pay inequality, and lack of societal support for childbearing and childcare. The women who have achieved leadership roles are testament to woman's rightfulness to lead and their presence serves to encourage other young professional women that success is possible despite these challenges.
Mass–elite differences in new democracies: Tunisia as a case study (2010–2016)
Authors: Farag Mahmoud 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article argues for inductive exploration of mass–elite differences in new democracies. Grounded in the “delegate model” of political representation, I do this by studying issue positions and issue salience of masses before turning to elites. The article demonstrates this approach using Tunisia, the only Arab democracy, by analysing survey data and originally coded party manifesto data. From an issue position perspective, the article uncovers mass–elite incongruence on the democratic–authoritarian and secular–Islamist political dimensions. From an issue salience lens, there is mass–elite congruence on the economic dimension. How mass–elite incongruence unfolds might affect the future of democracy in Tunisia.
Calibration of underwater fisheye camera with multi-frequency heterodyne technique based on light field
Authors: Xie LiangLiang , Zhang Xu , Tu Dawei , Li Chen , Xiao Guoliang , Zhang Can , Zhuang Sufeng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a novel approach is proposed to calibrate an underwater fisheye camera with the multi-frequency heterodyne technique based on the light field. First, an underwater fisheye camera imaging model based on the light field is established to demonstrate the multiple refractions of light in underwater propagation and the extraordinary imaging characteristics of the fisheye lens, which shows better conciseness and organization. Then, the calibration method applied in the underwater fisheye camera imaging system is proposed to determine the mapping of the light field and the pose of the underwater fisheye camera. The light field mapping of the fisheye lens is obtained with the assistance of the multi-frequency heterodyne technique. Finally, an underwater fisheye camera is developed and the experimental results are obtained to validate the correctness and feasibility of the proposed method. Our underwater imaging system proves capable of achieving higher accuracy in the context of underwater 3D measurement.
Multiphase-field modeling of temperature-driven intermetallic compound evolution in an Al–Mg system for application to solid-state joining processes
Authors: Raza Syed Hasan , Klusemann Benjamin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Solid-state joining of dissimilar materials results typically in the formation of intermetallic compounds at the weld interface, which strongly determines the resulting mechanical properties. To tailor the joint strength, understanding of the formation of the intermetallic compound and their driving mechanisms is crucial. In this study, the evolution of temperature-driven Al3Mg2 and Al12Mg17 intermetallic compounds in an Al–Mg system for application to solid-state joining processes via a multiphase-field approach is numerically investigated. To this end, the CALPHAD approach to obtain the thermodynamic parameters of the relevant phases is used in conjunction with the multiphase-field model. The simulation results are qualitatively compared with experimental results in the literature in terms of thickness and morphology of intermetallic grains, exhibiting a reasonable agreement. The influence of grain boundary diffusion and interface energy on the morphology and kinetics of the intermetallic compound grains is investigated in detail with the established multiphase-field model.
Reduction of fibrous encapsulation by polyethylene glycol-grafted liposomes containing phosphatidylserine
Authors: Kim Yongjoon , Wu Lele , Park Hee Chul , Yang Hyeong-Cheol 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Biomedical implants tend to induce fibrous encapsulation which can cause malfunction of devices and local discomfort of patients. The purpose of this study was to reduce foreign body-induced fibrous capsule formation by immunomodulation of macrophages. Polyethylene-glycol-grafted liposomes containing phosphatidylserine (PEG-PSLs) were used to modulate macrophages. Mixed cellulose ester (MCE) membranes coated with a PEG-PSLs-entrapped alginate-gelatin matrix were subcutaneously implanted into rats, and the thickness of the fibrous capsule around each MCE membrane was analyzed after four weeks. PEG-PSLs significantly reduced fibrous capsule thickness, while liposomes containing phosphatidylserine (PSLs) did not affect fibrosis. In in vitro assays, PEG-PSLs suppressed TGF-β1 secretion and multinucleated giant cell (MGC) formation in IL-4-treated RAW 264.7, a murine macrophage cell line. Although PSLs inhibited MGC formation, they exerted no effect on the secretion of TGF- β1, which is known to be an important factor in tissue fibrosis. Therefore, our results suggest that PEG-PSLs reduce fibrous capsule formation by mediating the suppression of TGF-β1 secretion from macrophages.
Salient difference of sea surface temperature over the North Atlantic in the spring following three super El Niño events
Authors: Yu Jinhua , Zhang Xuyu , Li Laurent , Shi Chunhua , Ye Yangbo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Despite similar evolution of Niño3.4 index for three strong El Niño events in the tropical Pacific in 1982–1983, 1997–1998 and 2015–2016, divergent sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) were observed in the North Atlantic (NA) in spring following El Niño peak. Strong teleconnection occurred for the first two events in 1982–1983 and 1997–1998, leading to a negative phase of a North Atlantic Oscillation-like circulation over the extratropical NA, and thus a positive tripolar SSTA pattern in the NA. But the teleconnection was weak for the case of 2015–2016 El Niño, the SSTA in spring 2016 in NA being mainly created and maintained by the preconditioning of the NA basin and local atmosphere-ocean interactions. The salient difference among the three events resides in their ways to operate the teleconnection linking the central-eastern equatorial Pacific and the subtropical eastern North Pacific to the extratropical NA, which would be a key to explain the different impacts of the three exceptional El Niño events. It is furthermore shown that the reduced anomalous westerlies over Central America along 30° N around the peak time of 2015–2016 El Niño play a role of inhibition for an efficient Rossby wave energy propagation from the tropics, eastward into the Gulf of Mexico and northward into midlatitudes in the western NA.
Scale-dependency of Arctic ecosystem properties revealed by UAV
Authors: Siewert Matthias B , Olofsson Johan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In the face of climate change, it is important to estimate changes in key ecosystem properties such as plant biomass and gross primary productivity (GPP). Ground truth estimates and especially experiments are performed at small spatial scales (0.01–1 m2) and scaled up using coarse scale satellite remote sensing products. This will lead to a scaling bias for non-linearly related properties in heterogeneous environments when the relationships are not developed at the same spatial scale as the remote sensing products. We show that unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can reliably measure normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) at centimeter resolution even in highly heterogeneous Arctic tundra terrain. This reveals that this scaling bias increases most at very fine resolution, but UAVs can overcome this by generating remote sensing products at the same scales as ecological changes occur. Using ground truth data generated at 0.0625 m2 and 1 m2 with Landsat 30 m scale satellite imagery the resulting underestimation is large (8.9%–17.0% for biomass and 5.0%–9.7% for GPP600) and of a magnitude comparable to the expected effects of decades of climate change. Methods to correct this upscaling bias exist but rely on sub-pixel information. Our data shows that this scale-dependency will vary strongly between areas and across seasons, making it hard to derive generalized functions compensating for it. This is particularly relevant to Arctic greening with a predominantly heterogeneous land cover, strong seasonality and much experimental research at sub-meter scale, but also applies to other heterogeneous landscapes. These results demonstrate the value of UAVs for satellite validation. UAVs can bridge between plot scale used in ecological field investigations and coarse scale in satellite monitoring relevant for Earth System Models. Since future climate changes are expected to alter landscape heterogeneity, seasonally updated UAV imagery will be an essential tool to correctly predict landscape-scale changes in ecosystem properties.
Vibratory feeders with elongated conveying surface in rehandling of mined rock in open pit mines
Authors: Levenson S Ya , Lantsevich MA 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Deep-level mining in open pits involves increased volumes of overburden. It is difficult to operate heavy-duty dump trucks at bottom levels of deep open pit mines due to limited size of working areas and high angles of roads. In this case, it is expedient to use more maneuverable crawler dumps or articulated dump trucks of comparatively low capacity and to rehandle mined rocks to larger capacity dump truck at bin trestles with forced discharge constructed on accumulation horizons. This article discusses mined rock discharge from an accumulating bin of the rehandling point by a set of vibratory feeders representing the bottom of the bin. These vibratory feeders are to provide reliable operation under high static and dynamic loads.
Ensuring self-synchronization of unbalanced vibration exciters for transveyers of overburden spreaders
Authors: Levenson S Ya , Kulikova EG 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Deep-level mining in open pits involves increased volumes of overburden. It is difficult to operate heavy-duty dump trucks at bottom levels of deep open pit mines due to limited size of working areas and high angles of roads. In this case, it is expedient to use more maneuverable crawler dumps or articulated dump trucks of comparatively low capacity and to rehandle mined rocks to larger capacity dump truck at bin trestles with forced discharge constructed on accumulation horizons. This article discusses mined rock discharge from an accumulating bin of the rehandling point by a set of vibratory feeders representing the bottom of the bin. These vibratory feeders are to provide reliable operation under high static and dynamic loads.
Extraction of ore reserves from undermined protective pillar under open pit bottom
Authors: Konurin AI , Shchukin SA , Neverov SA 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
One of the problems in ore mining is untimely preparation of ore reserves for extraction. Eventually, mining efficiency drops. Aiming to replenish quickly depleting reserves, mining of various-purpose pillars is undertaken. For this reason, studies into safe mining of pillars are relevant and essential. For instance, for a gold mine in ground conditions of pronounced geological and structural uncertainty, for the sustained short- and-medium-term production, a method was validated and proposed for extraction of ore reserves from the undermined crown pillar left under the open pit bottom. In the framework of this research, a geomechanical model of an ore deposit has been developed in the form of a conceptual flow chart of mining of a crown pillar under an open pit bottom at the preserved production infrastructure condition by surface and underground mining. 3D numerical modeling uses the finite element method. The calculations find that underground mining of the undermined protective pillar under the open pit bottom, due to considerable jointing of the steeply dipping ore body, is limited by expansion of wide possible rock damaged zones up to the ground surface.
Specific of stress behavior in enclosing rock mass around underground structures during construction of waterworks
Authors: Gakhova LN 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
By the numerical stress–strain analysis using the method of boundary integral equations and the model of linearly deformable quasi-isotropic model of a layered rock mass has found the nature, mechanisms and specifics of stress state distribution in enclosing rock mass around the powerhouse hall and transformer room of the Rogunskaya Hydroelectric Plant. The influence of stage-wise face tunneling of the powerhouse hall on the elastic convergence between the bottom and roof of the hall as well as on the inelastic deformation of adjacent rock mass is assessed.
Two cases of post-limit deformation of rock mass surrounding underground opening
Authors: Chanyshev AI , Abdulin IM 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The authors analyze stress state of rock mass around an underground opening in two cases of post-limit plane-strain deformation: when the modulus of compression is much higher than the modulus of post-limit deformation and when the modulus of post-limit deformation is much higher than the modulus of compression. In the first case, the damage zone sizes are obtained depending ultimate elastic strains and strength of rocks. In the second case, the solution in the rock damage zone differs from the traditional elastoplastic solutions by the increase in the maximum shear strength with distance from the boundary of underground opening.
Methods to create slots–stress raisers in near-wellbore zone
Authors: Rubtsova EV 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The author reviews methods and tools for cutting slots–stress raisers in drill hole walls for directional hydraulic fracturing. Based on the review, the classification is proposed for the known tools by the method of initiating slotting: mechanical cutting; indentation of hard indenters; percussion effect by a plastic substance; blasting of jet charges. By the number of the patented engineering solutions and the level of implementation, the most popular technique is mechanical cutting. The known tools only ensure creation of slots–stress raisers in soft and medium-hard rocks. It is required to continue studies and to develop new methods and tools for cutting initiating slots for the directional hydraulic fracturing in solid ore.
Antenna assembly for down-the-hole measuring probe for locating and sizing hydraulic fracturing cracks in rock mass
Authors: Khmelinin AP , Konurin AI , Khmelinin DP , Konurina MI 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The authors discuss the problem connected with the assessment of hydraulic fracturing quality in oil-filled formations by means of location and sizing of hydrofractures. The proposed engineering solution is to design a down-the-hole measuring probe based on the ground penetrating radar method in the range of microwaves. The authors select the model and mode of an antenna assembly for the down-the-hole probe. The width of the the major maximum of the antenna assembly pattern is determined.
Mechanical effort of ceramic particle-reinforced epoxy matrix used as a sealing layer on aluminum coatings by Arco Spray
Authors: Vergara E E , Castellanos L M , Diaz L M , Lucas A R , De Avila B B 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The coating against the corrosion and wear of carbon steel with pure aluminum applied by thermal projection with electric arc (arc spray) presents a porous surface. This is the reason why adding a sealing with a polymer layer, regularly epoxy is necessary. However, epoxy-based sealing solutions usually do not have high performance against abrasive wear. In this research a new product has been developed in composite material with polymer matrix (PMCs), epoxy paint reinforced with ceramic particles, in order to improve the performance of this layer against abrasive wear. Preliminary runs were made with 3 variables: Epoxy matrix (2 types: epoxy S and epoxy C); Size of reinforcing ceramic particles (two levels: 1 μm 9 μm) and percentage of ceramic reinforcement (4 levels: 0%, 20 %, 33.3% and 50 %). Adhesion and abrasive wear tests were performed to show that the composite material with epoxy matrix type C, has better performance than the composite material with epoxy matrix type S. Increasing the percentage of reinforcement particles showed that the composite material with type C epoxy matrix maintained high levels of adhesion to the aluminum layer and showed an increase in abrasive wear resistance by about 60% compared to the resin without reinforcements.
The Innovation of Interlock Bricks with A Mixture of Bagasse Ash Without Combustion
Authors: Erwanto Z , Pranowo D D , Holik A , Amin M S , Darmawan F 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Nowadays, the wall building material is dominated by clay brick and the process requires combustion. Therefore, the need for the development of interlock brick to introduce wall material that is easy to install, strong, without combustion and environmentally friendly. The shape design of interlock brick is made with Modified Tanzanian Interlock Brick (MTIB). Interlock brick size is 25.1 × 12.6 × 7.8 cm. The method of brick making with the experiments of various variations of the mixture to know the product specifications of suction, absorption, salt content and compressive strength with a quality target of grade 50 kg/cm2 that qualified SNI 15-2094-2000. The result was an MTIB that meet the requirements of SNI in a mixture with a ratio of 2 Clay: 3 Sand: 3.5 Portland Cement: 1.5 Bagasse Ash. Specifications of MTIB product obtained results compressive strength of 63.78 kg/cm2, absorption of 19%, the salt content of 4.14%, volume weight of 1.549 g/cm3 and a specific gravity of 1.81 and water suction power of 57.34 g/dm2/minute. MTIB innovations made from the waste of bagasse ash and without combustion process could be utilized for efficient civil building construction, fast, economical, and environmentally friendly compared with other brick materials.
Effects of strain rate due to SMAW welding on mechanical properties of AISI 1005 low alloy steel
Authors: Husaini  , Akbary K , Hasanuddin I , Putra T E , Husin H 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The welding process can affect the mechanical properties of the metal. This study was aimed at examining the effects of welding on the strain rate of AISI 1005 carbon steel. Shield metal arc welding, utilizing an E6013 electrode with a diameter of 2.5 mm, a double V-notch with an angle of 120°, and a welding position of 1G, was used to weld low carbon steel. A tensile test was performed to determine the mechanical properties of the steel at various strain rates to represent the loads that it would be subjected to. The test was performed at strain rates of 3 mm/min, 9 mm/min, 15 mm/min and 20 mm/min. The results showed that as the strain rate of steel increased to 20 mm/min, the maximum tensile strength of 447.67 MPa and highest yield strength of 362.94 MPa were obtained, while the lowest values were obtained at a strain rate of 3 mm/min. An examination of the fractured surfaces using SEM showed that at the strain rates of 3 mm/min, 15 mm/min and 20 mm/min smaller voids were formed.
Different Techniques of Solar Rooftop Combo-PV/T System Implementation: Materials and Installations
Authors: Suryati  , Safitri Nelly , Misriana  , Mellyssa Widdha 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Sun radiation been utilized to produce clean and environmental-friendly solar energy. Beside has been used as heat energy, it also has been used as electricity. Solar photovoltaic and thermal (PV/T) collector is a combo system that utilize solar PV technology and solar heater technology all together in one simply module. At the time PV system is irradiated with solar energy, the cell temperature increases significantly. As the heat that extracted is passing through a heat extracting fluid in such way under the module, then this heat is transferred become hot air and water. This paper aims to reveal several materials that been used to design solar combo-PV/T collector modules and their gains and drawbacks, and the installation onto households’ rooftops. Water-based and nanofluids-based PV/T modules are two technologies that being considered in this paper. All the comparisons that have been made turned out to match the assumption that the greater the difference of temperature between ambient temperature and temperature of the cells of the module, the less efficient the electrical efficiency and electrical output of the PV module and also to overcome the problem of low thermal conductivity. The considered water-nanofluids PV/T solar collector modules then put into account for better performance to improve the raised problem of thermal conductivity.
Synthesis and Characterization of Pd-Cu-Zr/Alumina Composite Membrane Using Surfactant-Induced Electroless Plating Technique
Authors: Sari Ratna , Dewi Ratni , Hakim Lukman 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The Pd-based membranes consisting of Pd, PdCu and PdCuZr on alumina were prepared by surfactant-induced electroless plating technique. Characterization of these membranes were carried out using X-ray Diffraction (XRD, Shimadzu XRD-7000) for microstructure, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) (Shidmazu DSC/TGA-60) for thermal behavior. Considering TGA result, the PdCuZr/alumina membrane has weight loss from 10 to 9.93 mg (99.3 % residue) at 50-600°C. DSC graph of the PdCuZr/alumina membrane showed that some changes in the number exothemic/endothermic peaks. It endothermic peak was at 399 °C.
A Laboratory Scale Synthesis of Ethanol from Agricultural Waste as Bio-based Solvent for Waxy-Paraffinic Crude Oil Mitigation
Authors: Afdhol M K , Hidayat F , Abdurrahman M , Husna U Z , Sari N P , Wijaya R K 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Paraffin is a problem commonly faced in petroleum production. The presence of paraffin can inhibit the process of oil flow. Mitigation methods commonly used to overcome this problem is by using chemical injection, which is solvent. In this research, a laboratory experiment was conducted to make bioethanol from agricultural waste that are rice husks and corn cobs. This bioethanol functions as a solvent that is used to reduce the pour point in a waxy-paraffinic crude oil sample. Oil samples were mixed with bioethanol with different mixing ratios, including 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% 50%. The results showed that the alcohol content of the Husk and Corncob rise was 11% and 9% respectively. Then, the best result from mixing of bioethanol with oil reduced the pour point from 43.3 to 41 at mixing ratio of 50%.