bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Equitable List Coloring of Planar Graphs With Given Maximum Degree
Authors: Kierstead H. A. , Kostochka Alexandr , Xiang Zimu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIf is a list assignment of colors to each vertex of an ‐vertex graph , then an equitable ‐coloring of is a proper coloring of vertices of from their lists such that no color is used more than times. A graph is equitably ‐choosable if it has an equitable ‐coloring for every ‐list assignment . In 2003, Kostochka, Pelsmajer, and West (KPW) conjectured that an analog of the famous Hajnal–Szemerédi Theorem on equitable coloring holds for equitable list coloring, namely, that for each positive integer every graph with maximum degree at most is equitably ‐choosable. The main result of this paper is that for each and each planar graph , a stronger statement holds: if the maximum degree of is at most , then is equitably ‐choosable. In fact, we prove the result for a broader class of graphs—the class of the graphs in which each bipartite subgraph with has at most edges. Together with some known results, this implies that the KPW Conjecture holds for all graphs in , in particular, for all planar graphs. We also introduce the new stronger notion of strongly equitable (SE, for short) list coloring and prove all bounds for this parameter. An advantage of this is that if a graph is SE ‐choosable, then it is both equitably ‐choosable and equitably ‐colorable, while neither of being equitably ‐choosable and equitably ‐colorable implies the other.
Reconstruction of 2‐m Air Temperature From ERA5 Reanalysis at Dome A, Antarctica
Authors: Wu Yifan , Jiang Yu , Zhang Yi , Li Yichen , Chen Xin , Zhang Wenqian , Zhao Xi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this study, we jointly used in situ air temperature from AWS and reanalysis data from ERA5 to make the first‐ever reconstruction of a 42‐year (1978–2020) air temperature time series for Dome A, Antarctica. By analysing the impact of environmental variables, we found that the 10‐m u‐component of wind was the predominant one for air temperature bias between ERA5 and AWS, followed by total cloud cover. Air temperature deviations between ERA5 and AWS during the period of 2005–2020 were successfully reduced by applying a random forest (RF) model, decreasing the bias by 0.52°C, the RMSE by 3.16°C and the MAE by 2.77°C. We next applied the RF model to predict the 2‐m air temperature difference which was added back to correct ERA5 from 1978 to 2004. This yielded an accurate time series of air temperature from 1978 to 2020. Using the innovative trend analysis method to analyse the temperature trend of the corrected data, we found that Dome A has experienced a gradual warming of 0.10°C dec−1 over the 42‐year period. Among the seasonal temperature changes, spring showed a significant warming trend of 0.57°C dec−1, autumn and winter showed no significant warming, while summer showed a slightly cooling trend. Also, over the 42‐year analysis period, a stable oscillation period of ~28 year was observed. This cycle emerged as the dominant pattern, influencing the overall temperature evolution. The method proposed in this research, which combines machine learning with AWS to correct ERA5 air temperature data, holds the potential to address spurious changes of reanalysis data in long‐time series studies, thus improving the reliability of trend analyses.
Combination of Micro‐Raman and Infrared Spectroscopy to Identify Intriguing Case of Aged Microplastics of Estuarine Sediments
Authors: dos Santos Jacinete Lima , Bereczki Allan , Pascoal Diego Roberto da Cunha , Gimiliani Giovana Teixeira , Cotrim Marycel Elena Barboza , de Freitas Anderson Zanardi , Wetter Niklaus Ursus , Parra Duclerc Fernandes 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Atlantic Forest is one of the richest regions in biodiversity in the world. Originally the biome covered around 15% of the Brazilian territory. Currently, there are approximately 12.4% of forest remnants preserved in the country. Regarding mangrove areas in the state of São Paulo, there are around 223 km2 according to the Brazilian Mangrove Atlas, with around 120.5 km2 located in Baixada Santista. Analysis of sediments found in the estuarine mangroves of Santos shows a high concentration of microplastics (MPs), generated by industrial processes and human activity, that constitutes today one of the main environmental problems. The MPs presented in the sediment samples are quantified using a methodology that involves drying, sieving, quantification, and identification of these MPs through FTIR and micro‐Raman spectroscopy. The two techniques complement each other to identify MP filaments and fragments through common polymer spectra. Furthermore, the micro‐Raman technique also identified additives flexo blue (blue ink) and neolan green 8G (dye) in MPs. All identified polymers (< 5 mm) have wide applications and demands in various sectors, including packaging, construction, automotive, electronics, and textiles.
Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties and Adhesive Strength of Polychloroprene‐Based Adhesives
Authors: Rosa Gabriel Bachega , Mello Sandra Aparecida Coelho , Cassu Silvana Navarro 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn the present study, polychloroprene (CR) compounds containing different vulcanization agents and fumed silica at varied content are evaluated for application as adhesives. The vulcanization systems are based on zinc oxide (ZnO) or ferric acetylacetonate (FeAc). The fumed silica content varied from 0.3 up to 2.0 phr only in CR–FeAc compounds. The rheometric results indicated that the CR compounds containing FeAc reached a higher crosslink density, ≈ 1.5 higher than that observed for the CR compound vulcanized with the ZnO system. After vulcanization, the CR–ZnO compound shows the highest tensile strength and elongation at break. In the T‐Peel tests, in which different solvents are tested in the unvulcanized CR compounds, the compositions containing ZnO in toluene/methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) show the highest adhesive strength. Among the CR–FeAc compounds, the addition of 2 phr of fumed silica results in the highest tensile strength and elongation at break, while the compound containing 1 phr of fumed silica shows the highest adhesive strength.
Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(butyl acrylate‐co‐farnesene) by Emulsion Polymerization Technique for Pressure‐Sensitive Adhesives
Authors: Rodrigues Lina Dayse Alcantara , Oliveira Maurício Pinheiro 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe development of new sustainable materials has been growing in the last few years, especially polymers derived from renewable monomers to replace petroleum‐derived monomers in adhesive applications. In this context, copolymerization of β‐Farnesene (Far) with n‐butyl acrylate (BA) using different ratios of BA and Far (100/0, 80/20, and 50/50 wt/wt) is investigated by semi‐bath emulsion polymerization for use in pressure‐sensitive adhesives (PSA). Latexes with different BA and Far contents are obtained with good colloidal stability and a hydrodynamic diameter range of 120–140 nm. The copolymerization between Far and BA is confirmed by FT‐IR and DSC analyses. As the Far content increases, both overall conversion, elongation at break, and loop tack decrease. On the other hand, the lass transition temperature (Tg), gel content, and shear strength increase. The glass transition temperature of copolymers is higher than the theoretical Tg values and is dependent on the Far contents. The use of Far provides additional insights for the production of bio‐based PSAs by emulsion polymerization, which is characterized by an increase in both shear strength and cohesion. Among the proportions of BA/Far studied, the most promising results for application in PSA tapes are 80 wt% of BA and 20 wt% of Far.
All‐Cause and Cause‐Specific Mortality in Tourette Syndrome and Chronic Tic Disorder
Authors: Fernández de la Cruz Lorena , Isomura Kayoko , Kuja‐Halkola Ralf , Lichtenstein Paul , Larsson Henrik , Chang Zheng , D'Onofrio Brian M. , Brikell Isabel , Sidorchuk Anna , Mataix‐Cols David 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundTourette syndrome (TS) and chronic tic disorder (CTD) may be associated with an increased risk of mortality, but specific causes of death are poorly understood.ObjectivesIn this matched cohort and sibling cohort study, we estimated the risk of all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality in individuals with TS/CTD, compared with unaffected matched individuals and unaffected full siblings.MethodsWe identified all individuals diagnosed with TS/CTD in the Swedish National Patient Register who were living in the country between 1973 and 2020 and matched them (1:10) to individuals without TS/CTD from the general population. We also identified their siblings without TS/CTD. All‐cause and cause‐specific mortality outcomes, based on the International Classification of Diseases codes, were extracted from the Cause of Death Register. Covariates included sociodemographic variables and psychiatric disorders. Risks of mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models.ResultsWe included 10,280 individuals with TS/CTD and 102,800 matched individuals without TS/CTD. In adjusted models, individuals with TS/CTD had an 86% increased hazard of all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio: 1.86, 95% confidence interval: 1.65–2.11). The increased risk was observed for both natural (particularly nervous, digestive, and respiratory system diseases) and unnatural causes of death (including suicides and accidents). The sibling comparison showed similar results, indicating that the associations were unlikely to be explained by familial confounding.ConclusionsIndividuals with TS/CTD are at increased risk of death due to both natural and unnatural causes. As some of these deaths are potentially preventable, greater focus on the somatic health of individuals with TS/CTD is warranted. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Surface modification of basalt fiber using to reinforce polycarbonate composites and its mechanical performance
Authors: Huang Min , Liu Hengquan , Xiang Qian , Zhang Yufei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBasalt fibers (BF) are often used as reinforcement of composite materials owing to their high strength, heat resistance, and corrosion resistance. The surface‐interface interaction between the fibers and the matrix material plays a key role in determining the mechanical properties of the composite. In this work, BF‐polycarbonate (PC) composites were prepared using melt blending and extrusion molding. BF was modified with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550) to enhance surface roughness and improve interfacial bonding, resulting in modified fibers (KBF). The bending strength of KBF‐PC was increased 28.8% compared with unmodified BF‐PC. Further modification of BF using polyethylene glycol (PEG) and KH550 to obtain PKBF, resulting in a 42.26% increase in bending strength. To further enhance the mechanical properties of the composites, PKBF was modified with nano‐alumina, resulting in a 48.41% increase in bending strength. The relationship between fiber content and composite mechanical properties was studied using theoretical models such as Halpin‐Tsai, Kelly‐Tyson, and ROM. The mechanisms by which different modified fibers enhance the mechanical strength of composites were explored. The interfacial compatibility between the matrix material and BF would be significantly improved through surface modification, resulting in enhanced mechanical performance of the composite.Highlights
PEG‐KH550 treatment of basalt fibers to enhance interfacial adhesion.
Al2O3 modified basalt fibers to enhance the bending strength of the composite.
Treated fibers exhibit improved tensile and bending properties of composite.
The mathematical model shows the reliability of the experimental data.
Micromechanics‐based theoretical modeling and analysis of temperature and moisture‐dependent tensile strength of fiber‐reinforced polymer composites at hygrothermal conditions
Authors: Li Ying , Zuo Mini , Lin Yi , Mai Zhipeng , Deng Qian , Yang Mengqing , Li Weiguo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study examines the failure mechanisms of fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) composites in hygrothermal conditions and develops a theoretical model for tensile strength prediction of FRP composites at various moisture and temperature levels. The model defines the function of water content in hygrothermal conditions and presents a physically‐based framework for temperature and moisture‐dependent tensile strength (TMDTS). It is based on the force‐heat equivalence energy density (FHEED) concept. The model considers how the tensile strength is affected by temperature, Young's modulus, and particularly the hygrothermal conditions. It is confirmed by contrasting the proposed model's reasonableness with the available experimental data. Additionally, the work examined the factors affecting the FRP composites' tensile strength in a range of temperature and moisture conditions, and offering insightful knowledge about their properties. Ultimately, this study not only presents a reasonable theoretical approach for forecasting FRP composites' tensile strength under hygrothermal conditions but also offers suggestions for material evaluation and composites enhancement.Highlights
A physics‐based temperature and moisture‐dependent strength model is proposed.
The model considers the effect of hygrothermal condition on the tensile strength.
The temperature and moisture‐dependent tensile strength can be well predicted.
This study deepens the understanding on the mechanical properties degradation.
Optimization of carbon nanotubes in carbon black‐filled natural rubber: Constitutive modeling and verification using finite element analysis
Authors: Zhang Jiaqi , Wang Baokai , Yong Zhanfu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) are novel one‐dimensional nanomaterials with a large aspect ratio and specific surface area, exhibiting excellent electrical and thermal properties that have led to their extensive utilization in rubber nanocomposites. In this paper, the effect of CNTs and carbon black juxtaposition on the properties of natural rubber is investigated using two different structures of CNTs, namely GC‐30 and GT‐210. The experimental results show that GT‐210 CNTs exhibit superior performance when incorporated into natural rubber. In addition, finite elements are employed for constitutive modeling to facilitate meaningful explorations in mechanical calculation and characterization of rubber filled with CNTs. Simulating the mechanical behavior of rubber materials under different working conditions (tensile and compressive) offers a cost‐effective and time‐efficient approach to predicting and optimizing material performance.Highlights
Characterization of filler dispersion by Mooney–Rivlin curves.
Fitting material stress–strain behavior using constitutive models.
Offers an approach to predicting and optimizing material performance.
Plant biodiversity, vegetation structure and provisioning services in rainforest, traditional and industrial oil palm cultivation systems in Liberia, West Africa
Authors: Marshall Cicely A. M. , Guahn Marshall M. , Jones Tiecanna , Jah Morris T. , Hadfield Peter M. , Saputra Ari , Widodo Rudy , Freeman Benedictus , Draper William , Caliman Jean‐Pierre , Turner Edgar C. , Pashkevich Michael D. 
Published: December 2024

Societal Impact StatementOil palm is native to the west African forest, where industrial production is expanding. We assessed differences in plant biodiversity, vegetation structure and provisioning services across 54 forest, community agriculture and oil palm plots in Sinoe County, Liberia. Traditional cultivation systems have lower ecological impacts in terms of species richness, composition, canopy height and structural complexity compared with industrial production, though yields per hectare are likely to be lower. Traditional systems can inspire improved management of industrial plantations, including choice of cover crop, intercropping with locally valued species and reduced clearance and pesticide regimes, increasing biodiversity and local food security.Summary

Tropical agriculture contributes to national and global food security, but the conversion of natural habitats to agriculture has severe consequences for biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and society. Significant research efforts have focussed on improving the sustainability of palm oil production in Asia, but less research has been conducted in the African forest zone, where oil palm is native and production is expanding.
Working within the Sustainable Oil Palm in West Africa (SOPWA) Project (Sinoe County, Liberia), we surveyed canopy trees and understorey plants in 54 plots distributed equally across three ecological systems ‐ rainforest, traditionally‐cultivated oil palm (“country palm”) and industrially‐managed oil palm ‐ to assess differences in plant biodiversity, vegetation structure and provisioning services.
Traditionally‐cultivated oil palm systems had intermediate plant biodiversity (species richness, weighted endemism) and structure (canopy height, complexity) compared with industrial production or rainforest. Provisioning services (proportion of species supplying non‐timber forest products) did not differ by the system on average, though the absolute number of useful species recorded was highest for the forest. Of surveyed plant species, 81% had a local name (Sapo or Kru); a smaller proportion of forest species were named compared with either traditional or industrial oil palm systems.
Our study emphasises the higher ecological value per hectare of traditional oil palm production compared with industrial production methods, though yields are likely to be lower, leading to implications for industrial management such as growing alternative cover crop species, intercropping with non‐timber forest products or locally valued crops and implementing reduced clearance and pesticide regimes.
Pseudogerm of the parasitoid Macrocentrus cingulum suppresses host pupation by degenerating prothoracic gland and inhibiting the expression of Br‐C in the host Ostrinia furnacalis
Authors: Zhang Yurong , Du Yan , Wang Qian , Hu Jian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDParasitic wasps manipulate host development for successful parasitization. When the host Ostrinia furnacalis is parasitized by the parasitoid Macrocentrus cingulum, its larvae fail to pupate and are consumed as nutrition by the wasp larvae. However, the mechanism by which M. cingulum modulates host pupation remains unclear. This study reports on pseudogerm, a newly discovered parasitic factor derived from M. cingulum, which plays a regulatory role in the pupation process of the host.RESULTSOstrinia furnacalis larvae transplanted with pseudogerms failed to pupate, and their prothoracic gland (PG) cells did not enlarge significantly at the prepupal stage compared to the control. Additionally, the nuclei of PG cells fragmented, the number of secretory vesicles in the cytoplasm decreased markedly, and the intracellular channel system on the cell membrane atrophied. Furthermore, the elevation of the 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) titer at the prepupal stage was also suppressed, indicating that pseudogerm disrupts the ecdysteroid level by causing PG cell degeneration. Additionally, there was a suppression of Broad Complex (Br‐C) expression in O. furnacalis larvae before the prepupal stage due to pseudogerms transplantation. When OfBr‐C was knocked down by RNA‐interference or knocked out by CRISPR/Cas9, approximately 24% and 48.3% of O. furnacalis larvae failed to pupate, respectively.CONCLUSIONPseudogerm potentially disrupts the 20E titer by destroying the host's PG and further inhibits the expression of OfBr‐C, ultimately preventing host pupation. This study provides new insights into the strategies employed by parasitoids in controlling host development. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Visual Inertial SLAM Based on Spatiotemporal Consistency Optimization in Diverse Environments
Authors: Pu Huayan , Luo Jun , Wang Gang , Huang Tao , Wu Lang , Xiao Dengyu , Liu Hongliang , Luo Jun 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCurrently, the majority of robots equipped with visual‐based simultaneous mapping and localization (SLAM) systems exhibit good performance in static environments. However, practical scenarios often present dynamic objects, rendering the environment less than entirely “static.” Diverse dynamic objects within the environment pose substantial challenges to the precision of visual SLAM system. To address this challenge, we propose a real‐time visual inertial SLAM system that extensively leverages objects within the environment. First, we reject regions corresponding to dynamic objects. Following this, geometric constraints are applied within the stationary object regions to elaborate the mask of static areas, thereby facilitating the extraction of more stable feature points. Second, static landmarks are constructed based on the static regions. A spatiotemporal factor graph is then created by combining the temporal information from the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) with the semantic information from the static landmarks. Finally, we perform a diverse set of validation experiments on the proposed system, encompassing challenging scenarios from publicly available benchmarks and the real world. Within these experimental scenarios, we compare with state‐of‐the‐art approaches. More specifically, our system achieved a more than 40% accuracy improvement over baseline method in these data sets. The results demonstrate that our proposed method exhibits outstanding robustness and accuracy not only in complex dynamic environments but also in static environments.
Free range startups? Market scope, academic founders, and the role of general knowledge in AI
Authors: Chattopadhyay Shinjinee , Honoré Florence , Won Shinjae 
Published: December 2024

AbstractResearch SummaryHigh‐tech startups develop technologies, the market applicability of which can vary widely, enabling startups to target a range of market segments. Using a question‐driven approach to contrast startups with and without academic founders, we investigate the difference in the market applicability between the two groups on a sample of 988 startups in the artificial intelligence (AI) field. Our findings reveal that academics' pursuit of basic research drives the creation of general knowledge, which in turn leads to wider market applicability. With fewer requirements for complementary downstream assets in the AI ecosystem, academics can more easily translate their general ideas to market applications and locate downstream in the value chain. Our findings highlight the role of problem‐formulation and ‐solving in startups and of academic startups within AI.Managerial SummaryUsing a sample of 988 startups in the Artificial Intelligence field, we find that startups with at least one academic on their founding team are associated with a higher number of verticals (potential market segments for the technology the startups developed) compared to startups without any academics. Teams with academic founders produce more general publications and patents than others, which drives the association with more verticals. Academics formulate and solve more general problems relative to non‐academics, leading to the creation of more general products that are applicable to a broader range of verticals. With fewer requirements for complementary downstream assets in the AI ecosystem, academics can more easily translate their general ideas to market applications and locate downstream in the value chain.