bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weight estimation in Paediatrics: how accurate is the Broselow-tape weight estimation in the Nigerian child
Authors: Iloh Ogochukwu N. , Edelu Benedict , Iloh Kenechukwu K. , Igbokwe Obianuju O. , Ndu Ikenna K. , Nduagubam Obinna C. , Akubuilo Uzoamaka C. , Obumneme-Anyim Ijeoma N. , Eze Joy N. , Osuorah Chidiebere D. I. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Determination of weight in children is an important aspect of their assessment. It has a wide range of usefulness including assessing their nutritional status and drug dose calculation. Despite its usefulness, weight estimation in children in certain conditions can be challenging particularly in emergency situations or in children who are severely ill or cannot stand on standard scales. The Broselow Tape which is a validated tape that is used to estimate weight based on length was developed using height/weight correlations from Western data. However, considering the variations in anthropometric measurements of children from different geographic locations, there is need to ascertain how accurate it is to estimate weight using the Broselow tape among children in Nigeria.

Aim
The study was carried out to determine the accuracy in the use of the Broselow Tape in weight estimation among Nigerian children.

Method
A total 1456 children aged 1–12 years who satisfied the inclusion criteria were enrolled over a 2½ year period from two tertiary health facilities in Enugu state Nigeria. Weight was taken using standard weighing scale and Broselow tape. Data collected was analysed using SPSS.

Result
Of the 1456 children studied, majority (84.2%) had normal Body-Mass-Index (BMI) while about 4.6% had a low BMI percentile for age. The mean weight difference between the two methods was not significantly different between the 1 to 6 years old category. Significant differences were observed from 7 up to 12 years. The Broselow Tape overestimated weights in 1 year old by 3.88%, 2 years 1.58%, 3 years by 2.13%, 4 years (1.94%) and 5 year (0.07%). After 5 years, the degree of overestimation rises sharply to 4.25% in 6, 9.25% in 7, 7.29% in 8 and 9.29%. 9.18, 11.61% & 6.75% in 9, 10, 11 and 12 years old respectively. The proportion of estimated weights that was within 10- 20% of the actual weight was higher in the 1-6 years age categories compared to weight estimates in older age categories.

Conclusion
Weight estimates obtained using the Broselow tape correlated better in children that are 6 years or younger compared to those in the older age categories. There is need for re-validation and/or adjustments of the Broselow tape especially in children over 6 years old.
Assessment of factors affecting tourism satisfaction using K-nearest neighborhood and random forest models
Authors: Tapak Leili , Abbasi Hamed , Mirhashemi Hamid 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to identify factors affecting the satisfaction of tourists traveling to the city of Hamadan as Asian urban tourism capital in 2018. The data a random sample of 300 tourists were collected using a designed questionnaire. We applied random-forest and K-nearest-neighborhood methods to analyze the data.

Results
The variables of society behavior, municipal equipment and cost of services were the three top rank variables in predicting tourist satisfaction. Considering the capacity of the ancient city of Hamadan for tourism, policy-makers can use our results in planning for providing a sustainable development and flourishing tourism industry in this city.
Cocaine as a rare cause of locked-in syndrome: a case report
Authors: Ali Osman , Bueno Mark G. , Duong-Pham Trinh , Gunawardhana Nuwan , Tran Dena H. , Chow Robert D. , Verceles Avelino C. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Introduction
In the United States, cocaine is a commonly used drug of abuse. It is also a recognized contributing factor for both hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes. However, cocaine-induced basilar artery thrombosis has rarely been reported in the literature.

Case presentation
Our patient was a 51-year-old African American woman with a history of polysubstance abuse who presented to the emergency department for acute behavior changes. Later, during admission, she had a dramatic decrease in motor strength in all extremities and a positive Babinski reflex bilaterally. The results of her toxicology reports were positive for cocaine; in addition, results of magnetic resonance angiography and magnetic resonance imaging were consistent with acute thrombosis and subsequent infarction of the basilar artery. Her mental status improved, but she was only able to communicate via movements of her eyes.

Conclusion
Our patient developed locked-in syndrome after use of cocaine. Given the prevalence of its use in the United States, cocaine use should be included among the potential causes of locked-in syndrome.
In vitro and in vivo effects of 3-bromopyruvate against Echinococcus metacestodes
Authors: Xin Qi , Yuan Miaomiao , Li Huanping , Song Xiaoxia , Lu Jun , Jing Tao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWhile searching for novel anti-echinococcosis drugs, we have been focusing on glycolysis which is relied on byEchinococcusfor energy production and intermediates for other metabolic processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential therapeutic implication of glycolytic inhibitors onEchinococcus. Our results demonstrate that at an initial concentration of 40 μM, all inhibitors of glycolysis used in the current experiment [3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA), ornidazole, clorsulon (CLS), sodium oxamate and 2,6-dihydroxynaphthalene (NA-P2)] show considerable in vitro effects againstEchinococcus granulosusprotoscoleces andEchinococcus multilocularismetacestodes. Among them, 3-BrPA exhibited the highest activity which was similar to that of nitazoxanide (NTZ) and more efficacious than albendazole (ABZ). The activity of 3-BrPA was dose dependent and resulted in severe ultrastructural destructions, as visualized by electron microscopy. An additional in vivo study in mice infected withE. multilocularismetacestodes indicates a reduction in parasite weight after the twice-weekly treatment of 25 mg/kg 3-BrPA for 6 weeks, compared to that of the untreated control. In particular, in contrast to ABZ, the administration of 25 mg/kg 3-BrPA did not cause toxicity to the liver and kidney in mice. Similarly, at the effective dose againstEchinococcuslarvae, 3-BrPA showed no significant toxicity to human hepatocytes. Taken together, the results suggest that interfering with the glycolysis of the parasite may be a novel chemotherapeutical option and 3-BrPA, which exhibited a remarkable activity againstEchinococcus, may be a promising potential drug against cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE).
Discontinuous finite volume element method of two-dimensional unsaturated soil water movement problem
Authors: Chen Fan , Xu Zhixiao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a numerical approximation method for the two-dimensional unsaturated soil water movement problem is established by using the discontinuous finite volume method. We prove the optimal error estimate for the fully discrete format. Finally, the reliability of the method is verified by numerical experiments. This method is not only simple to calculate, but also stable and reliable.
Recent advances in the development of nature-derived photocrosslinkable biomaterials for 3D printing in tissue engineering
Authors: Choi Geunho , Cha Hyung Joon 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
In recent years, three-dimensional (3D) printing has begun to be widely used in tissue engineering. Natural biomaterials have been employed to overcome the limitations of synthetic polymers. However, their low mechanical strength and poor printability are major disadvantages. Photocrosslinking is the most promising fabrication strategy because it is non-invasive and easy to control light intensity and exposure. In this article, developments of photocrosslinkable natural biomaterials in the field of 3D printing are reviewed.

Main body
Photocrosslinkable biomaterials can be broadly classified into materials that use ultraviolet (UV) and visible lights. Many natural biomaterials such as gelatin, hydroxyapatite, silk fibroin, and pectin have been modified through acrylation, crosslinked by 365 nm UV light, and 3D printed. Riboflavin could also be used to crosslink and print collagen or decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM). In the case of silk-like aneroin and modified gelatin, crosslinking is possible by forming a dityrosine bond using 452 nm visible light.

Conclusion
Despite the tremendous researches on the developments of photocrosslinkable 3D printing natural biomaterials, further efforts are necessary to develop source biomaterials with excellent biological functions and sufficient mechanical integrity.
Evaluation of sea mustard (Undaria pinnatifida) sporophylls from South Korea as fucoidan source and its corresponding antioxidant activities
Authors: Neri Therese Ariane N. , Rohmah Zuliyati , Ticar Bernadeth F. , Palmos Grace N. , Choi Byeong-Dae 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSporophylls from sea mustard, Undaria pinnatifida, which are by-products in seaweed production industries, were taken from Hansan Island, Tongyeong, and Gijang, Busan, and investigated for their fucoidan content and corresponding antioxidant activities. The extracted fucoidan yield from sporophylls of sea mustard samples from Tongyeong (TF) and Gijang (GF) were 12.1% and 13.6%, respectively. The antioxidant activities assessment of TF and GF extracts showed relative significant difference between samples, suggesting effect of location on bioactivities of fucoidan samples. GF was 50–68% more effective than TF against DPPH and superoxide radicals samples which may be attributed to the difference in their degree of sulfation and monosaccharide composition. Meanwhile, TF exhibited greater scavenging activity against hydroxyl radicals compared to GF which could be due to protein impurities.
Identification of biomarkers for the detection of subtle brain injury after cannabis and/or tramadol administration
Authors: Abdel-Salam Omar M. E. , Sleem Amany A. , Youness Eman R. , Omara Enayat A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is a need to identify biomarkers which could indicate the occurrence of brain injury in drug abuse.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate ubiquitin-C-terminal hydrolase-1 (UCH-L1), a neuronal cell body injury marker, the glial protein S-100 beta (S100β), and the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as putative markers for neuronal injury due to cannabis, tramadol, or their combined use.Materials and methodsRats were treated with cannabis and/or tramadol subcutaneously daily for 6 weeks and UCH-L1, S100β, and GFAP were immunoassayed in the brain and serum.ResultsThe results are as follows: (i) either cannabis or tramadol increased UCH-L1 and GFAP in the brain, (ii) serum UCH-L1 and GFAP increased by the highest dose of cannabis or tramadol, (iii) there was no additive effect for cannabis and tramadol on UCH-L1 or GFAP level in the brain or serum, (iv) S100β decreased in the brain by 5–20 mg/kg of cannabis and in the serum following 20 mg/kg of cannabis, and (v) S100β levels increased in the brain after 20 mg/kg of tramadol but decreased the brain and serum after both cannabis and tramadol. Cytoplasmic vacuolations, apoptotic cells, and gliosis were observed in the brain tissue of cannabis and/or tramadol-treated rats.ConclusionsThese results suggest that changes in UCH-L1, GFAP, or S100β are likely to reflect neurotoxicity and serum levels could be used to detect neuronal damage in chronic users.
Multifunctional magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: diverse synthetic approaches, surface modifications, cytotoxicity towards biomedical and industrial applications
Authors: Natarajan Subramanian , Harini Kannan , Gajula Gnana Prakash , Sarmento Bruno , Neves-Petersen Maria Teresa , Thiagarajan Viruthachalam 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONPs) play a major role in the emerging fields of nanotechnology to facilitate rapid advancements in biomedical and industrial platforms. The superparamagnetic properties of MIONPs and their environment friendly synthetic methods with well-defined particle size have become indispensable to obtain their full potential in a variety of applications ranging from cellular to diverse areas of biomedical science. Thus, the broadened scope and need for MIONPs in their demanding fields of applications required to be highlighted for a comprehensive understanding of their state-of-the-art. Many synthetic methods, however, do not entirely abolish their undesired cytotoxic effects caused by free radical production and high iron dosage. In addition, the agglomeration of MIONPs has also been a major problem. To alleviate these issues, suitable surface modification strategies adaptive to MIONPs has been suggested not only for the effective cytotoxicity control but also to minimize their agglomeration. The surface modification using inorganic and organic polymeric materials would represent an efficient strategy to utilize the diagnostic and therapeutic potentials of MIONPs in various human diseases including cancer. This review article elaborates the structural and magnetic properties of MIONPs, specifically magnetite, maghemite and hematite, followed by the important synthetic methods that can be exploited for biomedical approaches. The in vivo cytotoxic effects and the possible surface modifications employed to eliminate the cytotoxicity thereby enhancing the nanoparticle efficacy are also critically discussed. The roles and applications of surface modified MIONPs in medical and industrial platforms have been described for the benefits of global well-being.
Alarm Settings of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems and Associations to Glucose Outcomes in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Lin Yu Kuei , Groat Danielle , Chan Owen , Hung Man , Sharma Anu , Varner Michael W , Gouripeddi Ramkiran , Facelli Julio C , Fisher Simon J 
Published: November 2019

AbstractContextLittle evidence exists regarding the positive and negative impacts of continuous glucose monitor system (CGM) alarm settings for diabetes control in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D).ObjectiveEvaluate the associations between CGM alarm settings and glucose outcomes.Design and SettingA cross-sectional observational study in a single academic institution.Patients and Main Outcome MeasuresCGM alarm settings and 2-week CGM glucose information were collected from 95 T1D patients with &gt; 3 months of CGM use and ≥ 86% active usage time. The associations between CGM alarm settings and glucose outcomes were analyzed.ResultsHigher glucose thresholds for hypoglycemia alarms (ie, ≥ 73 mg/dL vs &lt; 73 mg/dL) were related to 51% and 65% less time with glucose &lt; 70 and &lt; 54 mg/dL, respectively (P = 0.005; P = 0.016), higher average glucose levels (P = 0.002) and less time-in-range (P = 0.005), but not more hypoglycemia alarms. The optimal alarm threshold for &lt; 1% of time in hypoglycemia was 75 mg/dL.Lower glucose thresholds for hyperglycemia alarms (ie, ≤ 205 mg/dL vs &gt; 205 mg/dL) were related to lower average glucose levels and 42% and 61% less time with glucose &gt; 250 and &gt; 320 mg/dL (P = 0.020, P = 0.016, P = 0.007, respectively), without more hypoglycemia. Lower alarm thresholds were also associated with more alarms (P &lt; 0.0001). The optimal alarm threshold for &lt; 5% of time in hyperglycemia and hemoglobin A1c ≤ 7% was 170 mg/dL.ConclusionsDifferent CGM glucose thresholds for hypo/hyperglycemia alarms are associated with various hypo/hyperglycemic outcomes. Configurations to the hypo/hyperglycemia alarm thresholds could be considered as an intervention to achieve therapeutic goals.
Effects of the walnut Plukenetia conophora shell in the diet on the growth performance and genotoxicity of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus
Authors: Ayoola Simeon O. , Omoile Loveth N. 
Published: November 2019

Aquaculture industry is facing challenges of the high cost of fish feed, and therefore it is very crucial to explore the alternative raw materials for feed formulation at the lowest cost. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Plukenetia conophora shells on the growth, haematological and biochemical parameters, and its genotoxicity on African catfish Clarias gariepinus juveniles. Five experimental diets were formulated having three replicates at 0% (0WS), 25% (25WS), 50% (50WS), 75% (75WS) and 100% (100WS) inclusion of walnut shell respectively. The fishes were fed on experimental diet two time a day for 12 weeks. The results showed that the fish in tank 25WS had the best weight gain with the mean of 33.5±5.8 g and the least was recorded in tank 100WS. The specific growth rate was highest in-tank 75WS with the mean value of 0.46±0.05 g was recorded. The highest feed intake was found in fish fed with 25% inclusion of P. conophora. The fish fed with P. conophorashowed increased values of haemoglobin, (12.05±1.63g/dL), Red blood cell, (2.785±0.28µL) and White blood cell, (11.25±4.59µL) compared with control diet values of fish fed of Red blood cell, (1.81±1.54µL) and White blood cell, (5.15±6.57µL). There was a reduction in the haematological value of the fish fed with control feed having Haemoglobin, (10.75±8.13g/dL). The genotoxicity test that was carried out showed that the highest counts of micronucleus were in tank 75WS. The Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) shows a significant difference (p0.05) in the growth performance of the fish. It is concluded that inclusion of 50% P. conophora shells in the feed of C. gariepinus gave no negative impact on the health status and growth performance of the fish. Keywords: Toxicity test, Growth indices, Plukenetia conophora, Clarias gariepinus
Incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: An epidemiological study
Authors: Trofimenko Ye. V. , Lebedev N. B. , Gubanov N. V. , Zlobina Ye. N. , Dedov I. I. 
Published: November 2019

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most important problems of our time. This disease plays a significant role in the structure of chronic childhood pathology, leads to severe complications that invalidate a person, and significantly increases mortality at a young age. The study of the incidence of T1DM (the number of new cases of T1DM in a certain population within 1 year) allows you to get answers to a number of questions on its etiology and pathogenesis, to solve the problems of the need to allocate material resources for the organization of preventive and therapeutic measures.
Information on the incidence of T1DM in the world applies in most cases to people under the age of 15 years, data for the age group up to 1820 years of age are less common. Epidemiological studies in various countries show an increase in the incidence of T1DM in children. This is shown by the example of Norway, the USA, Finland, Denmark from the 20s of our century, England - from the 50s and other countries over the past 20 years. It is possible to reliably distinguish a true increase in the incidence from an improvement in the detection of diabetes only on the basis of standardized epidemiological studies for certain periods of time. Many countries have compiled national childhood diabetes registries. Thus, in a number of countries standardized information on sex and age was obtained on the incidence of children with T1DM for at least 10 years, divided into 5-year periods. According to these data, the incidence rate has increased in the vast majority of countries over the past 10-20 years. It is noteworthy that the change, namely, an increase in the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children, is uneven. In some regions of the world, this indicator remained virtually unchanged over fairly long periods of time.
CONCEPÇÕES E EXPERIÊNCIAS EM CUIDADOS PALIATIVOS NO NORTE DE MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Magalhães Sandra Célia Muniz , Oliveira Dardielle Cardoso de , Souza Priscila Bernardina Miranda , Santos Flávia de Oliveira 
Published: November 2019

O termo paliativo tem origem no latim, pallium, que teoricamente expressa manto e capote. Os cuidados paliativos são os auxílios disponibilizados por um quadro de profissionais multidisciplinar, que atuam na assistência terminal, em que almeja aumentar a qualidade de vida do doente terminal e de seus familiares diante de um adoecimento que ameace a sua vida. Esse auxílio acontece através da prevenção e atenuação do suplício, mediante a constatação precoce, avaliação cuidadosa, tratamento da dor e de outras adversidades físicas, psicossociais e espirituais. Neste contexto, esse trabalho tem o objetivo de discutir algumas concepções acerca dos cuidados paliativos, além de apontar experiências nesse cuidado realizadas pela Associação Presente, na região Norte de Minas Gerais. Para tanto, a metodologia utilizada consistiu em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, as bases de informação foram LILACS e SciELO, sendo escolhidos 36 artigos, publicados entre 2000 a 2006, e entrevistas com pacientes e equipe multiprofissional da Associação Presente. Foram desenvolvidas definições sobre a terminalidade da vida, a adequação da comunicação frente às barreiras, sendo classificada como essencial a aceitação da morte, como um fenômeno normal e o respeito ao paciente. Considera-se que estas concepções assumem grande importância nos cuidados paliativos, onde na fase final da vida são indispensáveis e se estendem até o estágio de luto, de maneira diferenciada. Assim, a Associação Presente presta serviço fundamental para o acolhimento das pessoas nessa condição.
A study of participation motives in sports, loneliness and depression levels of children with specific learning disabilities in terms of some variables
Authors: Yılmaz Atike , Aydın Menşure , Bahadır Tolga Kaan , Soyer Fikret 
Published: November 2019

This study aims to examine the sport participation motivation, loneliness and depression levels of students with specific learning disabilities in terms of some variables. Screening model used in the study. The research group is constituted by 85 students who had been diagnosed with Specific Learning disabilities in Special Education and Rehabilitation Centers in Kocaeli province. Personal information form prepared by the researchers and developed by Gill, Gross and Huddleston (1983), and the Turkish validity and reliability study was made by Oyar, Aşçı, Çelebi and Mülazımoğlu (2001)."Sport Participation Motivation Scale", developed by Kovacs (1980) and the validity and reliability of the Turkish version was made by Öy (1991). "Depression Scale for Children" and developed Ashler ve Wheller (1985) and the validity and reliability of the Turkish version was made by Kaya (2005) "Loneliness Scale for Children” were used as the data collection tools. The sports participation motives, depression and loneliness levels of the participants have been evaluated in terms of age, gender, natural / adoptive parents, family's economic status, father's occupational status, number of people in the family, number of siblings, family attitude and the state of doing sport. In the evaluation of the research data, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA test and correlation analysis were used. In the findings, sports participation motives of participants were significantly differ according to the gender, family attitudes and the status of doing sports. Also according to the age, in loneliness level, and according to the number of siblings in the levels of loneliness and depression, significant differences were found. As a result of the correlation, a positive relationship between depression and loneliness status of the participants was found. Thus, in children at the 9-14 age range with specific learning disability it was concluded that the family attitude, number of siblings and to do sports have an impact in a positive way on the loneliness, depression and sports participation.