bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjuvant Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: The Proof, The Pro, and the Practice
Authors: Verweij Jaap 
Published: February 2020

Overview: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are rare tumors, but they are the most common mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract, driven by mutations in KIT and PDGF. The KIT and PDGF inhibiting agent imatinib has been tested as adjuvant postsurgery in GIST patients with an intermediate or high risk of relapse. Two of three prospective, randomized controlled studies have meanwhile been reported. The American College of Surgical Oncology Group (ACOSOG) in 713 patients reported a relapse-free survival benefit for adjuvant imatinib given for 1 year, but not an overall survival benefit. The Scandinavian Sarcoma Group (SSG) performed a study comparing 1 year of imatinib to 3 years of imatinib. At 3 years the overall survival (OS) in patients with 3 years of imatinib therapy was similar to the OS in those with 1 year of imatinib 96% and 94% respectively, while at 5 years these numbers were 92% and 82% (HR: 0.45; 95% CI [0.22–0.89]; p = 0.019). Data from the largest study, conducted by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) in 908 patients randomly assigned to receive either 2 years of adjuvant imatinib or no imatinib, have not yet been reported. Based on the current evidence, 3 years of imatinib at a daily dose of 400 mg should be considered in patients with a 50% or higher risk of relapse within 5 years after surgery. The evidence and the remaining caveats are discussed.
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: Challenges, Opportunities, and Uncharted Waters
Authors: Hoffman Abigail W. , Ibarra-Drendall Catherine , Espina Virginia , Liotta Lance , Seewaldt Victoria 
Published: February 2020

Overview: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a heterogeneous group of diseases that differ in biology and clinical behavior. Until 1980, DCIS represented less than 1% of all breast cancer cases. With the increased utilization of mammography, DCIS now accounts for 15% to 25% of newly diagnosed breast cancer cases in the United States. Although our ability to detect DCIS has radically improved, our understanding of the pathophysiology and factors involved in its progression to invasive carcinoma is still poorly defined. In many patients, DCIS will never progress to invasive breast cancer and these women are overtreated. In contrast, some DCIS cases are clinically aggressive and the women may be undertreated. We are able to define some of the predictors of aggressive DCIS compared with DCIS of low malignant potential. However, our ability to risk-stratify DCIS is still in its infancy. Clinical risk factors that predict aggressive disease and increased risk of local recurrence include young age at diagnosis, large lesion size, high nuclear grade, comedo necrosis, and involved margins. Treatment factors such as wider surgical margins and radiation therapy reduce the risk of local recurrence. DCIS represents a key intermediate in the stepwise progression to malignancy, but not all aggressive breast cancers appear to have a DCIS intermediate, notably within triple-negative breast cancer. Ongoing studies of the genetic and epigenetic alterations in precancerous breast lesions (atypia and DCIS) as well as the breast microenvironment are important for developing effective early detection and individualized targeted prevention.
Research and Standard Care: Lung Cancer in China
Authors: Mok Tony S. , Zhou Qing , Wu Yi-Long 
Published: February 2020

Overview: China has an enormous burden from rising tobacco consumption and lung cancer incidence. Governmental intervention on lung cancer prevention is insufficient, and both incidence and mortality related to lung cancer are still on the rise. Treatment guidelines are available, but heterogeneity in the quality of care between centers, especially the disparity between urban and rural areas, have resulted in inconsistent care to patients with lung cancer. Despite knowledge on molecular-targeted therapy, only a small fraction of patients have access to routine EGFR mutation analysis. Platinum-based doublet chemotherapy remains the most commonly used regimen irrespective of mutation status. On a positive note, both clinical and translational research on lung cancer are in rapid progress. The Chinese Thoracic Oncology Group (CTONG) has already contributed substantially to the care of patients with lung cancer and is expected to continue in the trend.
Future Directions in Glioblastoma Therapy
Authors: Colman Howard 
Published: February 2020

Overview: The standard of care for both newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) patients has changed significantly in the past 10 years. Surgery followed by radiation and concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide is now the well-established standard treatment for newly diagnosed GBM. More recently, bevacizumab has become a mainstay of treatment for recurrent GBM. However, despite these advances and significant improvements in patient outcomes, the management and treatment of GBM patients remains a challenging and frustrating endeavor. Difficulties in interpretation of imaging changes after initial treatment, as well as the effects of antiangiogenic agents like bevacizumab on MRI characteristics, can make even the determination of disease progression complicated in multiple situations. Although a high percentage of patients benefit from antiangiogenic therapy in terms of radiographic response and progression-free survival, the effects of bevacizumab on prolonging overall survival remain controversial. Furthermore, tumor progression after treatment with antiangiogenic agents carries a particularly poor prognosis and there is a general lack of effective therapies for this group of patients. These limitations in terms of standard treatments contrast with a relative wealth of new information regarding the molecular underpinnings of GBM. Data from several large-scale efforts to molecularly profile GBM tumors including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project have helped define specific molecular subtypes of GBM with distinct biology and clinical outcomes. These findings are helping to refine our understanding of the molecular heterogeneity and pathogenesis of these tumors and provide a basis for the future development of rational and targeted therapies for specific tumor subtypes.
Insights into the Molecular Genetics of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
Authors: Nguyen Huong (Marie) , Gotlib Jason 
Published: February 2020

Overview: The molecular biology of the BCR-ABL1-negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) has witnessed unprecedented advances since the discovery of the acquired JAK2 V617F mutation in 2005. Despite the high prevalence of JAK2 V617F in polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF), and the common finding of dysregulated JAK-STAT signaling in these disorders, it is now appreciated that MPN pathogenesis can reflect the acquisition of multiple genetic mutations that alter several biologic pathways, including epigenetic control of gene expression. Although certain gene mutations are identified at higher frequencies with disease evolution to the blast phase, MPN initiation and progression are not explained by a single, temporal pattern of clonal changes. A complex interplay between acquired molecular abnormalities and host genetic background, in addition to the type and allelic burden of mutations, contributes to the phenotypic heterogeneity of MPNs. At the population level, an inherited predisposition to developing MPNs is linked to a relatively common JAK2-associated haplotype (referred to as ‘46/1’), but it exhibits a relatively low penetrance. This review details the current state of knowledge of the molecular genetics of the classic MPNs PV, ET, and PMF and discusses the clinical implications of these findings.
Overdiagnosis and Overtreatment of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Thompson Ian M. 
Published: February 2020

Overview: Prostate cancer is a ubiquitous disease, affecting as many as two-thirds of men in their 60s. Through widespread prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, increasing rates of prostate biopsy, and increased sampling of the prostate, a larger fraction of low-grade, low-volume tumors have been detected, consistent with tumors often found at autopsy. These tumors have historically been treated in a manner similar to that used for higher-grade tumors but, more recently, it has become evident that with a plan of active surveillance that reserves treatment for only those patients whose tumors show evidence of progression, very high disease-specific survival can be achieved. Unfortunately, the frequency of recommendation of an active surveillance strategy in the United States is low. An alternative strategy to improve prostate cancer detection is through selected biopsy of those men who are at greater risk of harboring high-grade, potentially lethal cancer. This strategy is currently possible through the use of risk assessment tools such as the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial Risk Calculator ( www.prostate.cancer.risk.calculator.com ) as well as others. These tools can predict with considerable accuracy a man's risk of low-grade and high-grade cancer, allowing informed decision making for the patient with a goal of detection of high-risk disease. Ultimately, other biomarkers including PCA3, TMPRSS2:ERG, and [-2]proPSA will likely aid in discriminating these two types of cancer before biopsy.
A viscosity-type algorithm for an infinitely countable family of (f,g)-generalized k-strictly pseudononspreading mappings in CAT(0) spaces
Authors: Aremu Kazeem O. , Abass Hammed , Izuchukwu Chinedu , Mewomo Oluwatosin T. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a viscosity-type algorithm to approximate a common solution of a monotone inclusion problem, a minimization problem and a fixed point problem for an infinitely countable family of

(
f
,
g
)

{(f,g)}

-generalized k-strictly pseudononspreading mappings in a

CAT
⁢

(
0
)

{\mathrm{CAT}(0)}

space. We obtain a strong convergence of the proposed algorithm to the aforementioned problems in a complete

CAT
⁢

(
0
)

{\mathrm{CAT}(0)}

space. Furthermore, we give an application of our result to a nonlinear Volterra integral equation and a numerical example to support our main result. Our results complement and extend many recent results in literature.
Highly accurate and explainable detection of specimen mix-up using a machine learning model
Authors: Mitani Tomohiro , Doi Shunsuke , Yokota Shinichiroh , Imai Takeshi , Ohe Kazuhiko 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Delta check is widely used for detecting specimen mix-ups. Owing to the inadequate specificity and sparseness of the absolute incidence of mix-ups, the positive predictive value (PPV) of delta check is considerably low as it is labor consuming to identify true mix-up errors among a large number of false alerts. To overcome this problem, we developed a new accurate detection model through machine learning.

Methods
Inspired by delta check, we decided to conduct comparisons with the past examinations and broaden the time range. Fifteen common items were selected from complete blood cell counts and biochemical tests. We considered examinations in which ≥11 among the 15 items were measured simultaneously in our hospital; we created individual partial time-series data of the consecutive examinations with a sliding window size of 4. The last examinations of the partial time-series data were shuffled to generate artificial mix-up cases. After splitting the dataset into development and validation sets, we allowed a gradient-boosting-decision-tree (GBDT) model to learn using the development set to detect whether the last examination results of the partial time-series data were artificial mixed-up results. The model’s performance was evaluated on the validation set.

Results
The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC AUC) of our model was 0.9983 (bootstrap confidence interval [bsCI]: 0.9983–0.9985).

Conclusions
The GBDT model was more effective in detecting specimen mix-up. The improved accuracy will enable more facilities to perform more efficient and centralized mix-up detection, leading to improved patient safety.
Fast Bilinear Algorithms for Symmetric Tensor Contractions
Authors: Solomonik Edgar , Demmel James 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In matrix-vector multiplication, matrix symmetry does not permit a straightforward reduction in computational cost.
More generally, in contractions of symmetric tensors, the symmetries are not preserved in the usual algebraic form of contraction algorithms.
We introduce an algorithm that reduces the bilinear complexity (number of computed elementwise products) for most types of symmetric tensor contractions.
In particular, it lowers the bilinear complexity of symmetrized contractions of symmetric tensors of order

s
+
v

{s+v}

and

v
+
t

{v+t}

by a factor of

(

s
+
t
+
v

)

!

s
!

⁢

t
!

⁢

v
!

{\frac{(s+t+v)!}{s!t!v!}}

to leading order.
The algorithm computes a symmetric tensor of bilinear products, then subtracts unwanted parts of its partial sums.
Special cases of this algorithm provide improvements to the bilinear complexity of the multiplication of a symmetric matrix and a vector, the symmetrized vector outer product, and the symmetrized product of symmetric matrices.
While the algorithm requires more additions for each elementwise product, the total number of operations is in some cases less than classical algorithms, for tensors of any size.
We provide a round-off error analysis of the algorithm and demonstrate that the error is not too large in practice.
Finally, we provide an optimized implementation for one variant of the symmetry-preserving algorithm, which achieves speedups of up to 4.58

×

\times

for a particular tensor contraction, relative to a classical approach that casts the problem as a matrix-matrix multiplication.
Skin cancer on Instagram: implications for adolescents and young adults
Authors: Basch Corey H. , Hillyer Grace C. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Given the popularity and reach of Instagram among American adolescents and young adults (AYA), the well-known influence of social media on the behaviors of youth, and the rising rates of melanoma in this age group, this study sought to examine and describe the content of a sample of Instagram posts related to skin cancer. At three different times, a search of Instagram was conducted using #skincancer as the hashtag. Descriptive analyses of Instagram characteristics and content was performed. Overall, content focused on prevention (33.3%), skin cancer treatment (29.3%) and preventive measures such as using sunscreen and protective gear (29.3%). Nearly one-quarter discussed the ABCDEs (Asymmetrical; Borders are irregular; Color is not even; Diameter is large; Evolving) of screening and detection. Instagram postings that covered skin cancer prevention (n = 50, 33.3%) more often discussed the role of sun exposure in the development of skin cancer (28.0% vs. 10.0%, p = 0.005) and use of sunscreen and protective gear (62.0% vs. 13.0%, p < 0.001). The findings of this study indicate that a considerable portion of the Instagram posts included in this study focused on prevention. Thus, indicating that Instagram could be used to promote health, particularly among AYA.
Numerical Examination of Thermophysical Properties of Cobalt Ferroparticles over a Wavy Surface Saturated in Non-Darcian Porous Medium
Authors: Mustafa Irfan , Ghaffari Abuzar , Javed Tariq , Abbasi Javeria Nawaz 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this study, the effect of magnetic field on an incompressible ferrofluid flow along a vertical wavy surface saturated in a porous medium is investigated. Ferrofluid is made by incorporating magnetic particles, in this case cobalt, at the nanoscale level into a base fluid. For the study of porous medium two well-known models, namely, Darcy and non-Darcy, are used. The mathematical model in terms of governing partial differential equations which are based on conservation laws in mechanics according to the assumption is developed, and this model is converted into a dimensionless form by suitable transformations. Due to the complex non-linear partial differential equations, the numerical solution is calculated by using an implicit finite difference scheme. The impact of involved parameters, namely, magnetic parameter, nanoparticle volume fraction parameter, the amplitude of the wavy surface, and the Grashof number, on Nusselt and average Nusselt numbers are studied through graphs and tables.
The results show that for large values of the magnetic parameter, both the Nusselt number and the average Nusselt number decrease in ferrofluid flow. The value of the Nusselt number in the Darcy model is higher than the value of the Nusselt number in the non-Darcy model.
Numerical treatment for the solution of singularly perturbed pseudo-parabolic problem on an equidistributed grid
Authors: Mohapatra Jugal , Shakti Deepti 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe initial-boundary value problem for a pseudo-parabolic equation exhibiting initial layer is considered. For solving this problem numerically independence of the perturbation parameter, we propose a difference scheme which consists of the implicit-Euler method for the time derivative and a central difference method for the spatial derivative on uniform mesh. The time domain is discretized with a nonuniform grid generated by equidistributing a positive monitor function. The performance of the numerical scheme is tested which confirms the expected behavior of the method. The existing method is compared with other methods available in the recent literature.
The Contribution of ‘Total Environment’ Reconstructions in Interpreting Ancient Greek Experience of Ritual Spaces
Authors: Boutsikas Efrosyni 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe temple of Epikourean Apollo in Bassae has long been suspected to have been constructed with astronomical considerations, aimed at influencing ancient religious experience. The study presented here involves the use of Virtual Reality software to reconstruct the temple in its original position and orientation, combined with an accurate reconstruction of the sun’s position during the Classical period. The aim is to test the hypothesis of deliberate solar considerations associated with the temple’s east entrance. The reconstruction also discusses the application of Virtual Reality Models (VRM) and their potential impact on understanding ancient spatial movement and memory, emotionality and cognition. In addition, it explores the possibility of ancient natural light manipulation in enhancing experience of religious architecture. This paper not only presents the first VRM of Apollo’s temple, but also a model with an accurate reconstruction of the sun’s position at specific moments in the year. The importance of such reconstructions in understanding religious experience is exemplified. A great deal is revealed about the proposed solar effect in relation to human observation, and the connotations of such an effect in specific religious contexts. This study could facilitate discussion on the contribution of digital technology in understanding ancient Greek ritual experience.
The Addaura Cave: Dance and Rite in Mesolithic Sicily
Authors: Budano Paola 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Addaura Cave, located on Monte Pellegrino – Palermo, Sicily, is known for its exquisite engravings dating between the end of the Epigravettian and the Mesolithic periods. The frieze shows a group of men arranged in a circle around two very controversial figures which have generated much scholarly debate. So far, the purely choreographic and musical aspect has been little investigated. From the examination of the position of legs and arms and the presence of particular ornaments it is possible to deduce that these figures are engaged in a dance whose purpose is most probably linked to the ceremonial sphere. The purpose of the present contribution is to return to the concreteness of gesture related to dance, describing the modalities and the possible rhythmic implications.
DGKγ Knock-Out Mice Show Impairments in Cerebellar Motor Coordination, LTD, and the Dendritic Development of Purkinje Cells through the Activation of PKCγ
Authors: Tsumagari Ryosuke , Kakizawa Sho , Kikunaga Sakiko , Fujihara Yoshitaka , Ueda Shuji , Yamanoue Minoru , Saito Naoaki , Ikawa Masahito , Shirai Yasuhito 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDiacylglycerol kinase γ (DGKγ) regulates protein kinase C (PKC) activity by converting DG to phosphatidic acid (PA). DGKγ directly interacts with PKCγ and is phosphorylated by PKCγ, resulting in the upregulation of lipid kinase activity. PKC dysfunction impairs motor coordination, indicating that the regulation of PKC activity is important for motor coordination. DGKγ and PKC are abundantly expressed in cerebellar Purkinje cells. However, the physiological role of DGKγ has not been elucidated. Therefore, we developed DGKγ knock-out (KO) mice and tested their cerebellar motor coordination. In DGKγ KO mice, cerebellar motor coordination and long-term depression (LTD) were impaired, and the dendrites of Purkinje cells from DGKγ KO mice were significantly retracted. Interestingly, treatment with the cPKC inhibitor Gö6976 (Gö) rescued the dendritic retraction of primary cultured Purkinje cells from DGKγ KO mice. In contrast, treatment with the PKC activator 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) reduced morphologic alterations in the dendrites of Purkinje cells from wild-type (WT) mice. In addition, we confirmed the upregulation of PKCγ activity in the cerebellum of DGKγ KO mice and rescued impaired LTD in DGKγ KO mice with a PKCγ-specific inhibitor. Furthermore, impairment of motor coordination observed in DGKγ KO mice was rescued in tm1c mice with DGKγ reexpression induced by the FLP-flippase recognition target (FRT) recombination system. These results indicate that DGKγ is involved in cerebellar LTD and the dendritic development of Purkinje cells through the regulation of PKCγ activity, and thus contributes to cerebellar motor coordination.
Sex-Specific Differences in Motor-Unit Remodeling in a Mouse Model of ALS
Authors: Martineau Éric , Di Polo Adriana , Vande Velde Christine , Robitaille Richard 
Published: February 2020

AbstractProgressive loss of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) is an early event in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), preceding the global degeneration of motor axons and being accompanied by new axonal sprouting within the same axonal arbor. Some aspects of ALS onset and progression seem to be affected by sex in animal models of the disease. However, whether there are sex-specific differences in the pattern or time course of NMJ loss and repair within single motor axons remains unknown. We performed further analysis of a previously publishedin vivodataset, obtained from male and female SOD1G37Rmice. We found that NMJ losses are as frequent in male and female motor axons but, intriguingly, axonal sprouting is more frequent in female than male mice, resulting in a net increase of axonal arborization. Interestingly, these numerous new axonal branches in female mice are associated with a slightly faster decline in grip strength, increased NMJ denervation, and reduced α-motor neuron survival. Collectively, these results suggest that excessive axonal sprouting and motor-unit (MU) expansion in female SOD1G37Rmice are maladaptive during ALS progression.