bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obesity and the Risk of Incident Chronic Opioid Use in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Baker Joshua F. , Stokes Andrew , Pedro Sofia , Mikuls Ted R. , George Michael , England Bryant R. , Sayles Harlan , Wolfe Fred , Michaud Kaleb 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveThe present study was undertaken to evaluate whether the rate of incident chronic opioid use is higher in obese patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsParticipants with RA in the FORWARD databank were asked about their use of weak and strong opioid medications on semiannual surveys. Incident chronic opioid use was defined as new reported use extending over 2 contiguous surveys (~7–12 months). Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate associations between body mass index (BMI) at enrollment and incident chronic opioid use (overall use and strong opioid use). Models adjusted for demographics, smoking, disease duration, RA treatments, household income, and education level. The predicted 5‐year cumulative incidence was calculated from Cox models.ResultsAmong 19,794 participants, 2,802 experienced an incident episode of chronic opioid use over 93,254 person‐years of follow‐up. Higher BMI was associated with higher risk of chronic opioid use. Severe obesity (BMI >35 kg/m2) was associated with a higher risk of overall use (adjusted hazard ratio [HRadj] 1.74 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.72–2.04], P < 0.0001) and strong opioid use (HRadj 2.11 [95% CI 1.64–2.71], P < 0.001) compared to normal BMI. This association was partially explained by greater comorbidity, pain, and disability in obese groups. The attributable risk for obesity was 15% of overall opioid use and 24% of strong opioid use.ConclusionObesity is associated with a substantially higher risk of incident chronic opioid use. Approximately 1 in 4 cases of incident use of strong opioids may be attributable to obesity, suggesting a major public health impact. Interventions to prevent or reduce obesity could have an important impact on the use of opioids.
Preferences for Self‐Management and Support Services in Patients With Inflammatory Joint Disease: A Danish Nationwide Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Hammer Nanna Maria , Flurey Caroline A. , Jensen Kim Vilbæk , Andersen Lena , Esbensen Bente Appel 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo explore preferences for self‐management and support services in patients with inflammatory joint disease (IJD) and to investigate whether these preferences differ by age, sex, diagnosis, and disease duration.MethodsWe used a nationwide cross‐sectional online survey for patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and axial spondyloarthritis. Descriptive statistics were applied to explore preferences and to test for differences according to the different subgroups of patients.ResultsThe questionnaire was completed by 664 patients. Younger patients indicated greater interest in 1‐to‐1 discussions with psychologists or another patient, educational sessions, events, and online services, and older patients indicated greater interest in talks by researchers. More women than men indicated interest in health professionals’ 1‐to‐1 discussions, occupational therapists’ question‐and‐answer (Q and A) sessions, physical activity, and informational websites. Patients with axial spondyloarthritis tended to indicate the most interest in the different services, and patients with rheumatoid arthritis the least interest, reaching statistical significance regarding discussion groups about IJD experiences, 1‐to‐1 discussions with psychologists or another patient, Q and A with another patient, stress/anger management, and online patient communication. More patients with short rather than long disease duration indicated interest in 1‐to‐1 discussions with rheumatologists or nurses, organized talks with experienced patients, and online services for patient communication and stories.ConclusionPatients with IJD report various needs regarding self‐management and support services, including 1‐to‐1 services traditionally delivered as part of usual care, but also talks, physical activity, and educational and online services. Although preferences differed across age, sex, diagnosis, and disease duration, all subgroups indicated great need for support, with only small differences in their top preferences.
Sexual dimorphism and growth inAlouatta palliatabased on 20+ years of field data
Authors: Runestad Connour Jacqueline , Glander Kenneth E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesAlouatta palliatapatterns of growth and sexual dimorphism are evaluated using 20 plus years of field data. Comparisons are made to other species ofAlouattaand other New World primates.Materials and methodsRecords of 92A. palliatafrom Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica, were used to generate growth curves for body mass and linear measurements. Timing of growth for the properties was compared, and males and females were contrasted. Slopes and elevations for periods of rapid growth were evaluated. Growth allometry and proportion ratios were also explored.ResultsBody mass growth is rapid during the first 2 years. Males and females begin to diverge around a year of age as male growth increases and female growth slows. Adult mass for both is reached about 4 years of age. Linear measurements show rapid growth the first 18 months for both sexes. Differences develop as males continue the same rate of linear growth while female growth slows. Adult size is reached for head and body length around 3 years, and for hind‐foot and tail lengths around 2 years.DiscussionA. palliatamales grow in mass more rapidly than females, while both grow similarly in linear dimensions, so that dimorphism is more pronounced in mass. This pattern is seen in other dimorphic New World primates. MaleA. palliatamay grow more rapidly thanA. seniculus, reflecting earlier emigration forA. palliatamales. Linear dimensions reach adult proportions earlier than body mass. For hind‐foot and tail, this is probably an adaptation for gripping.
Regarding the Dead: A Model for Anatomical Gifting Outside the Traditional Medical School Setting
Authors: Cope Janet M. , Bennett Cynthia C. , Balilionis Gytis , Person Dianne M. 
Published: May 2020

In 2017, Elon University became one of very few universities in the United States without a medical school to have an in‐house Anatomical Gift Program (AGP). The program accepts first‐person‐consenting individuals only and within 2.5 years has become self‐sufficient, supporting anatomy curricular needs of its physical therapy, physician assistant, and undergraduate biology and anthropology programs (n = 21 donors annually). This paper describes the timeline, costs, and benefits of developing an in‐house AGP at a university without a medical school. Policy development, public outreach, equipment needs, and cost benefits are discussed. Within 2.5 years of program opening, the AGP Director delivered 161 educational outreach presentations at 86 different venues across the state providing information on anatomical gifting. The program registered 320 individuals (60% female, 40% male) and enrolled 41 deceased donors (69% female, 31% male; average age of 74.6 at time of registration and 74.8 at donation). During the first seven months of the program, donor preparation costs (with outsourcing for transport/donor preparation/document filing/serology testing/cremation) averaged US$ 2,100 per donor. Over the past 23 months, donor preparation has been completed on site, lowering the cost per donor to US$ 1,260. Other costs include personnel salaries, legal fees, and outfitting of the anatomy laboratory and preparatory room. Program benefits include support of anatomy education on campus, assurance that all donors have given first‐person consent, and faculty/student access to donor‐determined health, social, and occupational information. Faculty, staff, and students contribute to the daily operations of the AGP.
Achieving good-quality consent: review of literature, case law and guidance
Authors: Normahani P , Sounderajah V , Harrop-Griffiths W , Chukwuemeka A , Peters N S , Standfield N J , Collins M , Jaffer U 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Informed consent is an integral part of clinical practice. There is widespread agreement amongst health professionals that obtaining procedural consent needs to move away from a unidirectional transfer of information to a process of supporting patients in making informed, self-determined decisions. This review aimed to identify processes and measures that warrant consideration when engaging in consent-based discussions with competent patients undergoing elective procedures.

Methods
Formal written guidance from the General Medical Council and Royal College of Surgeons of England, in addition to peer-reviewed literature and case law, was considered in the formulation of this review.

Results
A framework for obtaining consent is presented that is informed by the key tenets of shared decision-making (SDM), a model that advocates the contribution of both the clinician and patient to the decision-making process through emphasis on patient participation, analysis of empirical evidence, and effective information exchange. Moreover, areas of contention are highlighted in which further guidance and research are necessary for improved enhancement of the consent process.

Conclusion
This SDM-centric framework provides structure, detail and suggestions for achieving meaningful consent.
Identifying and predicting criminal career profiles from adolescence to age 39
Authors: Kim Bo‐Kyung Elizabeth , Gilman Amanda B. , Tan Kevin P. , Kosterman Rick , Bailey Jennifer A. , Catalano Richard F. , Hawkins J. David 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFew longitudinal studies are capable of identifying criminal career profiles using both self‐report and official court data beyond the 30s. The current study aims to identify criminal career profiles across three developmental periods using self‐report data, validate these profiles with official court records and determine early childhood predictors. Data came from the Seattle Social Development Project (n = 808). Latent Class Analysis was used to examine criminal careers from self‐reported data during adolescence (aged 14–18), early adulthood (aged 21–27) and middle adulthood (aged 30–39). Official court records were used to validate the classes. Childhood risk and promotive factors measured at ages 11–12 were used to predict classes. Findings revealed four career classes: non‐offending (35.6%), adolescence‐limited (33.2%), adult desister (18.3%) and life‐course/persistent (12.9%). Official court records are consistent with the description of the classes. Early life school and family environments as well as having antisocial beliefs and friends differentiate membership across the classes. The results of this study, with a gender‐balanced and racially diverse sample, bolster the current criminal career knowledge by examining multiple developmental periods into the 30s using both self‐report and official court data.
Associations of depressive rumination and positive affect regulation with emotional distress after the death of a loved one
Authors: Boelen Paul A. , Lenferink Lonneke I.M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe death of a loved one may precipitate symptoms of prolonged grief disorder (PGD), post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. Brooding about the causes and consequences of one's negative affect (NA), also termed depressive rumination, has been linked to distress after loss. The role of dysregulation of positive affect (PA) has received less attention. We examined (1) the factor structure of depressive rumination and PA dysregulation and (2) to what extent these factors were related to PGD, PTSD and depression symptom levels. Self‐report data were included from 235 Dutch bereaved people who completed measures tapping symptoms of PGD, PTSD and depression. Depressive rumination and PA regulation strategies were assessed with the Ruminative Response Scale (RRS) Brooding Scale and the Response to Positive Affect (RPA) Questionnaire (including three subscales: emotion‐focused and self‐focused rumination and dampening), respectively. Confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation modelling were used for data analyses. The four‐factor model (i.e., depressive rumination and the three RPA subscales) showed the best fit. An increase in depressive rumination was related to higher distress levels (across all outcomes in univariate and multivariate analyses). An increase in emotion‐focused rumination about PA was associated with less depression. More dampening of PA was related to higher PTSD levels. Findings suggest that, alongside the regulation of NA, the regulation of PA plays a role in how people respond to the death of a loved one. This points to the need for more research on NA and PA regulation in grief.
The model of dynamic balance in therapists' experiences and views on working with suicidal clients: A qualitative study
Authors: Podlogar Tina , Poštuvan Vita , De Leo Diego , Žvelc Gregor 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWorking with suicidal clients is frequently referred to as one of the most demanding and anxiety‐provoking aspects of therapeutic work. The aim of this study was to obtain an in‐depth understanding of therapists' experience in treating suicidal individuals and to develop a theoretical model of it. Eleven psychotherapists (four men and seven women) participated in individual semistructured interviews. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed and analysed by the principles of grounded theory. We developed a model of dynamic balance in therapists' experiences and views on working with suicidal clients. The model includes six core themes, which represent aspects of therapists' experience and views where a dynamic balance is needed between two different poles. The core themes are as follows: (i) understanding of suicidality: the general versus specific; (ii) the role of alliance: protective factor versus no guarantees; (iii) attitudes: acceptant versus life‐oriented; (iv) emotional response: worry versus trust; (v) responsibility: therapist's professionality versus client's autonomy; and (vi) focus: suicidality versus individual as a person. The model takes into account other variables that are relevant to the process and outcomes of the therapy: factors, related to the therapist and the client, as well as system regulations and therapeutic setting. The presented model may be helpful for mental health professionals in reflecting on their experiences of working with suicidal clients, describing the relevant topics and the way they relate to each other.
Robust functional multivariate analysis of variance with environmental applications
Authors: Qu Zhuo , Dai Wenlin , Genton Marc G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe propose median polish for functional multivariate analysis of variance (FMANOVA) with the implementation of depth for multivariate functional data. As an alternative to classical mean estimation, functional median polish estimates the functional grand effect and factor effects based on functional medians in one‐way and two‐way additive FMANOVA models. Median polish estimates in FMANOVA are visually unbiased, independently of the choice of multivariate functional depth. The corresponding mean‐based and rank‐based tests are generalized to evaluate whether the functional medians in various levels of the factors are the same. Simulation studies illustrate the robustness of our functional median polish in various scenarios, compared with the results from classical FMANOVA fitted by means. The results are evaluated both marginally and jointly. Three environmental data sets are considered to illustrate that our median polish is robust against outliers in practical implementations. Functional boxplots and heat maps are two ways of visualizing the functional factors, depending on whether the functional data are curves or images, respectively.
The Effects of Soil Organic Carbon Content on Plant Uptake of Soil Perfluoro Alkyl Acids (PFAAs) and the Potential Regulatory Implications
Authors: Lasee Steven , Subbiah Seenivasan , Deb Sanjit , Karnjanapiboonwong Adcharee , Payton Paxton , Anderson Todd A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Perfluoro alkyl acids (PFAAs) are known to bioconcentrate in plants grown in contaminated soils; the potential risk from consuming these plants is currently less understood. We determined that the current daily reference doses (RfDs) of the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) could be met by consuming a single radish grown in soils with a perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) concentration of 9.7 ng/g or a perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) concentration of 90.5 ng/g. Using a combination of our own research and literature data on plant uptake of PFAAs from soil, we developed equations for predicting PFAA bioconcentration factors (BCFs) for plant shoot and root tissues grown in soils with a known percentage of organic carbon. This calculated BCF was then applied to 6 scenarios with measured soil PFAA concentrations to estimate PFAA concentrations in plants and potential exposure to humans and animals consuming harvested vegetation. Five of the 6 scenarios showed potential for surpassing USEPA PFAA RfDs at soil concentrations as low as 24 ng/g PFOA and 28 ng/g PFOS. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:832–845. © 2020 SETAC
A revised viscoelastic micropolar nanofluid model with motile micro‐organisms and variable thermal conductivity
Authors: Khan Sami Ullah , Bhatti Muhammad Mubashir , Riaz Arshad 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the present study, a magnetized micropolar nanofluid and motile micro‐organism with variable thermal conductivity over a moving surface have been discussed. The mathematical modeling has been formulated using a second‐grade fluid model and a revised form of the micropolar fluid model. The governing fluid contains micro‐organisms and nanoparticles. The resulting nonlinear mathematical differential equations have been solved with the help of the homotopy analysis method. The graphical and physical features of buoyancy force, micro‐organisms, magnetic field, microrotation, and variable thermal conductivity have been discussed in detail. The numerical results for Nusselt number, motile density number, and Sherwood number are presented with the help of tables. According to the graphical effects, it is noted that the buoyancy ratio and the bioconvection parameter resist the fluid motion. An enhancement in the temperature profile is observed due to the increment in thermal conductivity. Peclet number tends to diminish the motile density profile; however, the viscoelastic parameter magnifies the motile density profile.
Recent advancements in condensers to enhance the performance of solar still: A review
Authors: Panchal Hitesh , Mevada Dinesh , Sadasivuni Kishor Kumar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPure drinking water sources are continuously decreasing day by day in the world and in contrast requirement is continuously increasing. Solar still is a device, which converts the saline water into pure form at a lower cost and is useful in the remote areas. But its less productivity and low efficiency is a significant issue to use it as potable water provider. Solar still productivity can be increased by using flat plate collectors, fins, evacuated tubes, different absorbing, and nanomaterials, but the major problem on its productivity is heat loss from glass cover to the ambient. Condenser reduces the temperature of the water vapor and maintain the condensation to enhance the productivity. This review shows different modification in the design of condenser attached with solar still to enhance the yield. At last the future work on the condenser is also discussed here.
Psychological impact of COVID‐19 quarantine measures in northeastern Italy on mothers in the immediate postpartum period
Authors: Zanardo Vincenzo , Manghina Valeria , Giliberti Lara , Vettore Michela , Severino Lorenzo , Straface Gianluca 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo explore whether quarantine measures and hospital containment policies among women giving birth in a COVID‐19 “hotspot” area in northeastern Italy enhanced psycho‐emotional distress in the immediate postpartum period.MethodsWe designed a non‐concurrent case–control study of mothers who gave birth during a COVID‐19 quarantine period between March 8 and May 3, 2020 (COVID‐19 study group), with an antecedent group of matched postpartum women (control group) who delivered in the same period in 2019. Participants completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) on the second day postpartum.ResultsThe COVID‐19 study group (n=91) had significantly higher mean EPDS scores compared with the control group (n=101) (8.5 ± 4.6 vs 6.34 ± 4.1;P<0.001). Furthermore, 28.6% of women in the COVID‐19 group had a global EPDS score above 12. Analysis of three EPDS subscales revealed significantly higher scores among the COVID‐19 group compared with the control group for anhedonia (0.60 ± 0.61 vs 0.19 ± 0.36;P<0.001) and depression (0.58 ± 0.54 vs 0.35 ± 0.45;P=0.001).ConclusionsConcerns about risk of exposure to COVID‐19, combined with quarantine measures adopted during the COVID‐19 pandemic, adversely affected the thoughts and emotions of new mothers, worsening depressive symptoms.
Pretreatment with Retro‐2 protects cells from death caused by ricin toxin by retaining the capacity of protein synthesis
Authors: Jiao Zhouguang , Ke Yuehua , Li Sha , Su Duo , Gan Changjiao , Hu Lingfei , Zhao Xiaodong , Gao Bo , Song Yajun , Zhou Dongsheng , Qiu Yefeng , Yang Huiying 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe current study explores the detoxification effect of Retro‐2 on ricin toxin (RT) cytotoxicity, as well as the mechanisms underlying such effects, to provide a basis for follow‐up clinical applications of Retro‐2. The mouse‐derived mononuclear/macrophage cell line, RAW264.7, was used to evaluate the detoxification effect of Retro‐2 on RT by detecting cell viability, capacity for protein synthesis and the expression of cytokines, as well as endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)‐related mRNA. The results indicated that many cells died when challenged with concentrations of RT ≥50ng/mL. The protein synthesis capacity of cells decreased when challenged with 200ng/mL RT for 2hours. Furthermore, the synthesis and release of many cytokines decreased, while the expression of cytokines or ERS‐related mRNA increased when challenged with 200ng/mL of RT for 12 or more hours. However, cell viability, capacity for protein synthesis and release levels of many cytokines were higher, while the expression levels of cytokine, or ERS‐related mRNA, were lower in cells pretreated with 20μm Retro‐2 and challenged with RT, compared with those that had not been pretreated with Retro‐2. In conclusion, Retro‐2 retained the capacity for protein synthesis inhibited by RT, alleviated ERS induced by RT and increased the viability of cells challenged with RT. Retro‐2 shows the potential for clinical applications.
In vivo detection of human cutaneous beta‐carotene using computational optical clearing
Authors: Morovati Armin , Ansari Mohammad Ali , Tuchin Valery V. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe content of dermal beta‐carotene can be a good indicator showing the body health. Because, it is involved in production of vitamin A maintaining healthy skin and mucous membranes. Also, it reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases and its antioxidant capacity prevents the formation of cancerous cells. In this work, we use Raman spectroscopy and a low‐cost diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) to detect the dermal beta‐carotene spectra. We apply computational optical clearing (OC) method to in vivo evaluation the concentration of this chromophore. The results show that Raman spectroscopy is a good tool for in vitro detection of carotenoids but is not able to clearly discriminate the individual carotenoids in skin tissue in vivo. The results also show that using OC enhances the ability of low‐cost diffuse reflection spectroscopy for in vivo detection of dermal beta‐carotene in humans. This method can be used as a low‐cost and portable device to screening the concentration of chromophores such as melanin and carotenoid molecules for oncological studies.