bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attentional Bias Among Adolescents Who Stutter: Evidence for a Vigilance–Avoidance Effect
Authors: Rodgers Naomi H. , Lau Jennifer Y. F. , Zebrowski Patricia M. 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine group and individual differences in attentional bias toward and away from socially threatening facial stimuli among adolescents who stutter and age- and sex-matched typically fluent controls.

Method
Participants included 86 adolescents (43 stuttering, 43 controls) ranging in age from 13 to 19 years. They completed a computerized dot-probe task, which was modified to allow for separate measurement of attentional engagement with and attentional disengagement from facial stimuli (angry, fearful, neutral expressions). Their response time on this task was the dependent variable. Participants also completed the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A) and provided a speech sample for analysis of stuttering-like behaviors.

Results
The adolescents who stutter were more likely to engage quickly with threatening faces than to maintain attention on neutral faces, and they were also more likely to disengage quickly from threatening faces than to maintain attention on those faces. The typically fluent controls did not show any attentional preference for the threatening faces over the neutral faces in either the engagement or disengagement conditions. The two groups demonstrated equivalent levels of social anxiety that were both, on average, very close to the clinical cutoff score for high social anxiety, although degree of social anxiety did not influence performance in either condition. Stuttering severity did not influence performance among the adolescents who stutter.

Conclusion
This study provides preliminary evidence for a vigilance–avoidance pattern of attentional allocation to threatening social stimuli among adolescents who stutter.
Bayesian estimate of the superfluid moments of inertia from the 2016 glitch in the Vela pulsar
Authors: Montoli A. , Antonelli M. , Magistrelli F. , Pizzochero P. M. 
Published: September 2020

Context. The observation of the first pulse-to-pulse glitch in the Vela pulsar opens a new window among theoretical speculations on the internal dynamics of neutron stars as it allows us for testing models to factor in the circumstances of the first moments of a glitch. Several works in the literature have already considered the observational and physical parameters of the star by employing a minimal model with three rigidly rotating components.
Aims. We improve the analytical study of the minimal three-component model for pulsar glitches by solving it with generic initial conditions for the two initial lags of their superfluid components. The purpose is to use this solution to fit the data of the 2016 Vela glitch by employing a Bayesian approach and to obtain a probability distribution for the physical parameters of the model and for observational parameters, such as the glitch rise time and the relaxation timescale.
Methods. The fit is achieved through Bayesian inference. Due to the presence of an increase in the timing residuals near the glitch time, an extra magnetospheric component was added to the three-component model to deal with this phenomenon. A physically reasonable, non-informative prior was set on the different parameters of the model, so that the posterior distribution could be compared with state-of-the-art information obtained from microphysical calculations. By considering a model with a tightened prior on the moment of inertia fractions and by comparing it with the original model by means of Bayesian model selection, we studied the possibility of a crust-limited superfluid reservoir.
Results. We obtained the posterior distribution for the moment of inertia fractions of the superfluid components, the coupling parameters, and the initial velocity lags between the components. An analysis of the inferred posterior also confirmed the presence of an overshoot in that glitch and set an upper limit of ∼6 s on the glitch rise timescale. The comparison between the two models with different priors on the moment of inertia fractions appears to indicate a need for a core participation in the glitch phenomenon, regardless of the uncertain strength of the entrainment coupling.
Umbral chromospheric fine structure and umbral flashes modelled as one: The corrugated umbra
Authors: Henriques Vasco M. J. , Nelson Chris J. , Rouppe van der Voort Luc H. M. , Mathioudakis Mihalis 
Published: September 2020

Context.The chromosphere of the umbra of sunspots features an assortment of dynamic fine structures that are poorly understood and often studied separately. Small-scale umbral brightenings (SSUBs), umbral microjets, spikes or short dynamic fibrils (SDFs), and umbral dark fibrils are found in any observation of the chromosphere with sufficient spatial resolution performed at the correct umbral flash stage and passband. Understanding these features means understanding the dynamics of the umbral chromosphere.Aims.We aim to fully understand the dynamics of umbral chromosphere through analysis of the relationships between distinct observed fine features and to produce complete models that explain both spectral profiles and the temporal evolution of the features. We seek to relate such understanding to umbral flashes.Methods.We studied the spatial and spectral co-evolution of SDFs, SSUBs, and umbral flashes in Ca II8542 Å spectral profiles. We produced models that generate the spectral profiles for all classes of features using non-local thermodynamic equilibrium radiative transfer with a recent version of the NICOLE inversion code.Results.We find that both bright SSUBs and dark SDF structures are described with a continuous feature in the parameter space that is distinct from the surroundings even in pixel-by-pixel inversions. We find a phase difference between such features and umbral flashes in both inverted line-of-sight velocities and timing of the brightenings. For umbral flashes themselves we resolve, for the first time in inversion-based semi-empirical modelling, the pre-flash downflows, post-flash upflows, and the counter-flows present during the umbral flash phase. We further present a simple time-dependent cartoon model that explains the dynamics and spectral profiles of both fine structure, dark and bright, and umbral flashes in umbral chromospheres.Conclusions.The similarity of the profiles between the brightenings and umbral flashes, the pattern of velocities obtained from the inversions, and the phase relationships between the structures all lead us to put forward that all dynamic umbral chromospheric structures observed to this date are a locally delayed or locally early portion of the oscillatory flow pattern that generates flashes, secondary to the steepening large-scale acoustic waves at its source. Essentially, SSUBs are part of the same shock or merely compression front responsible for the spatially larger umbral flash phenomenon, but out of phase with the broader oscillation.
Collinder 135 and UBC 7: A physical pair of open clusters
Authors: Kovaleva Dana A. , Ishchenko Marina , Postnikova Ekaterina , Berczik Peter , Piskunov Anatoly E. , Kharchenko Nina V. , Polyachenko Evgeny , Reffert Sabine , Sysoliatina Kseniia , Just Andreas 
Published: September 2020

Context. Given the closeness of the two open clusters Collinder 135 and UBC 7 on the sky, we investigate the possibility that the two clusters are physically related.
Aims. We aim to recover the present-day stellar membership in the open clusters Cr 135 and UBC 7 (300 pc from the Sun) in order to constrain their kinematic parameters, ages, and masses and to restore their primordial phase space configuration.
Methods. The most reliable cluster members are selected with our traditional method modified for the use of Gaia DR2 data. Numerical simulations use the integration of cluster trajectories backwards in time with our original high-order Hermite4 code φ−GRAPE.
Results. We constrain the age, spatial coordinates, velocities, radii, and masses of the clusters. We estimate the actual separation of the cluster centres equal to 24 pc. The orbital integration shows that the clusters were much closer in the past if their current line-of-sight velocities are very similar and the total mass is more than seven times larger than the mass of the most reliable members.
Conclusions. We conclude that the two clusters Cr 135 and UBC 7 might very well have formed a physical pair based on the observational evidence as well as numerical simulations. The probability of a chance coincidence is only about 2%.
von Willebrand Factor Antigen, von Willebrand Factor Propeptide, and ADAMTS13 in Carotid Stenosis and Their Relationship with Cerebral Microemboli
Authors: Murphy Stephen J. X. , Lim Soon Tjin , Hickey Fionnuala , Kinsella Justin A. , Smith Deirdre R. , Tierney Sean , Egan Bridget , Feeley T. Martin , Murphy Sinéad M. , Collins D. Rónán , Coughlan Tara , O'Neill Desmond , Harbison Joseph A. , Madhavan Prakash , O'Neill Sean M. , Colgan Mary-Paula , O'Donnell James S. , O'Sullivan Jamie M. , Hamilton George , McCabe Dominick J. H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground The relationship between von Willebrand factor antigen (VWF:Ag), VWF propeptide (VWFpp), VWFpp/VWF:Ag ratio, ADAMTS13 activity, and microembolic signal (MES) status in carotid stenosis is unknown.Methods This prospective, multicenter study simultaneously assessed plasma VWF:Ag levels, VWFpp levels and ADAMTS13 activity, and their relationship with MES in asymptomatic versus symptomatic moderate-to-severe (≥50–99%) carotid stenosis patients. One-hour transcranial Doppler ultrasound of the middle cerebral arteries classified patients as MES+ve or MES−ve.Results Data from 34 asymptomatic patients were compared with 43 symptomatic patients in the “early phase” (≤4 weeks) and 37 patients in the “late phase” (≥3 months) after transient ischemic attack (TIA)/ischemic stroke. VWF:Ag levels were higher (p = 0.049) and VWFpp/VWF:Ag ratios lower (p = 0.006) in early symptomatic than in asymptomatic patients overall, and in early symptomatic versus asymptomatic MES−ve subgroups (p ≤0.02). There were no intergroup differences in VWFpp expression or ADAMTS13 activity (p ≥0.05). VWF:Ag levels and ADAMTS13 activity decreased (p ≤ 0.048) and VWFpp/VWF:Ag ratios increased (p = 0.03) in symptomatic patients followed up from the early to late phases after TIA/stroke. Although there were no differences in the proportions of symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with blood group O, a combined analysis of early symptomatic and asymptomatic patients revealed lower median VWF:Ag levels in patients with blood group O versus those without blood group O (9.59 vs. 12.32 µg/mL, p = 0.035).Discussion VWF:Ag expression, a marker of endothelial ± platelet activation, is enhanced in recently symptomatic versus asymptomatic carotid stenosis patients, including in MES−ve patients, and decreases with ADAMTS13 activity over time following atherosclerotic TIA/ischemic stroke.
SARS-CoV-2 and Dentistry–Review
Authors: Melo Neto Clóvis Lamartine de Moraes , Bannwart Lisiane Cristina , de Melo Moreno André Luiz , Goiato Marcelo Coelho 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 (or 2019-nCoV) is the novel Coronavirus that affects humans. It originated in China at the end of 2019 due to the consumption of animals contaminated with this pathogen. SARS-CoV-2 causes the disease known as COVID-19 (coronavirus disease – 2019), and until May 21, 2020, approximately 213 countries and territories had been affected by SARS-CoV-2. The objective of this study was to review the origin and characteristics of this virus (SARS-CoV-2), symptoms and diagnosis of COVID-19, treatment of people with COVID-19, forms of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2, and precautions in dentistry. A literature search on PubMed/Medline was performed on the May 21, 2020, using the keywords (Mesh terms) “COVID-19” or “SARS-CoV-2” or “Coronavirus” associated with “dentistry” or “dental care” or “oral medicine.” SARS-CoV-2 articles about the origin and characteristics of this virus (SARS-CoV-2), symptoms and diagnosis of COVID-19, treatment of people with COVID-19, forms of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2, and precautions in dentistry were included. The search was expanded according to necessity. Articles related to precautions in dentistry and SARS-CoV-1 or MERS-CoV were also selected, since precautions used in the dental clinic to avoid these viruses also apply to SARS-CoV-2. In addition, the references cited in the publications of articles included were also considered when appropriate. There was no limit in relation to the year of publication, and only articles written in English were included. In this study, suggestions for the safety of dental professionals were also included. Forty-seven articles and nine websites were included in this review.
The Use of Bulk-Fill Flow in the Customization of Glass Fiber Post
Authors: Silva Camila Ferreira , Martins Victor Mota , Melo Anahi de Paula , Martins Laís Carvalho , Santos-Filho Paulo Cesar Freitas 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of different composite resin in the customization of glass fiber posts (GFPs) on bond strength and failure mode.
Materials and Methods Thirty bovine roots were selected. The wall roots were reduced so that each wall had a minimum dentin thickness of 1 mm. Thirty GFPs were divided into three groups (n = 10), which received different types of customization. The first had the GFP relined by bulk-fill flowable composite resin (BF), the second group had the GFP customized by conventional regular composite resin (CR), and the third group was cemented with dual resin cements (DRC), without relining. The root were sectioned, resulting in two 1.0-mm thick slices from cervical root regions only and push-out bond strength test was performed (EMIC, Universal testing machine). To determine failure mode, a stereomicroscope was used at ×40 magnification, with a 2.5D analysis.
Statistical Analysis Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA (α = 0.05) and Tukey’s test.
Results BF (9.08 ± 1.9) and CR (9.17 ± 3.00) did not show a statistically significant difference (p = 0.961), regarding the bond strength test values. However, there was a statistically significant difference between DRC (5.44 ± 1.89) and the others (p < 0.05). BF (66.66%) and the CR group (47.61%) presented a predominantly failure mode type 6: mixed between resin cement and composite. While the highest failure index of the DRC group was type 2: adhesive between resin cement and dentin (47.61%).
Conclusion BF can be an alternative for the customization of fiber posts, since it presented a similar behavior to the established technique with conventional composites.
Conditioned solidarity: EU citizens’ attitudes towards economic and social austerities for crisis countries receiving financial aid
Authors: Lengfeld Holger , Kley Florian K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDuring the European debt crisis, there has been a massive political debate between the EU institutions and the governments of crisis countries on the kind of austerity measures these countries have to accept in order to receive financial assistance from rescue funds established by EU and IMF. Based on a Weberian approach regarding solidarity as an act of mutual help, we interpret austerity measures as particular conditions of solidarity Alter has to agree to in order to receive assistance from Ego. In this paper, we ask to what extent citizens of EU countries agree on the notion of conditioned solidarity, and to which extent they are divided by socio-structural or cultural conflict lines, or by country particularities. Using unique data from the 2016 13 country ‘Transnational European Solidarity Survey’, findings show that the majority of respondents reject the idea of conditionality. Logistic regressions reveal rather weak attitudinal differences between respondents at the individual level, while at the country level respondents from countries with growing unemployment, higher unemployment rates, government debt, and poverty rates are in tendency more likely to reject the measures. We conclude that paying attention to the idea of conditionality is an important aspect of assistance measures in the future, if political actors look to avoid a lack of legitimacy among European citizens.
Thermodynamic and kinetic design principles for amyloid-aggregation inhibitors
Authors: Michaels Thomas C. T. , Šarić Andela , Meisl Georg , Heller Gabriella T. , Curk Samo , Arosio Paolo , Linse Sara , Dobson Christopher M. , Vendruscolo Michele , Knowles Tuomas P. J. 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Developing effective strategies against human disorders linked with amyloid aggregation, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, has proven to be difficult. A major reason is that traditional drug-discovery methods are poorly suited to deal with complex reaction networks such as those in involved in the aggregation process. It therefore remains challenging to identify suitable targets for drug development. To overcome this difficulty, we lay out here a general theory for inhibition of protein aggregation into amyloid fibrils, which uncovers quantitative thermodynamic and kinetic design principles to guide the rational search and optimization of effective inhibitors of fibril formation.
Hemostasis vs. homeostasis: Platelets are essential for preserving vascular barrier function in the absence of injury or inflammation
Authors: Gupta Shuchi , Konradt Christoph , Corken Adam , Ware Jerry , Nieswandt Bernhard , Di Paola Jorge , Yu Mei , Wang Demin , Nieman Marvin T. , Whiteheart Sidney W. , Brass Lawrence F. 
Published: September 2020

Significance
The human circulatory system includes the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries, all of which are lined by endothelial cells to prevent the escape of vascular contents into surrounding tissues. Platelets are blood cells that are best known for their essential role in preventing blood loss after injury. Here, we employed sensitive methods to measure changes in vascular barrier function in vivo and used them to identify a role for platelets in maintaining vascular homeostasis. The results highlight the role of platelet collagen receptors and dense granules, show which vessels are particularly dependent on platelets for this purpose, and point to an underappreciated interchange between platelets and endothelial cells that is lost in severe thrombocytopenia.
A contrastive study of the English and Japanese modality
systems
Authors: Kadooka Ken-Ichi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The main purpose of this chapter is to compare the
modality systems of English and Japanese focusing on the subcategories of
Modalization and Modulation. Since the definitions and the
subcategorizations of modality are different from one researcher to another,
the descriptions depend on the framework. The Systemic Functional framework
is adopted as the main one in the analyses of English and Japanese modality
systems.

Halliday and
Matthiessen (2014) subcategorize the system of Modality of
English into Modalization and Modulation. Further, Modalization is divided
into usuality and probability, and Modulation into obligation and
inclination. Whereas the English Modality system is considered to be quite
simple, Teruya (2007)’s
subcategorization for the Japanese Modality system is far more complex: he
divides Modalization into ability, probability and usuality, and Modulation
into necessity, obligation, permission, expectation and inclination. Fukuda (2016) added evidentiality
to Modalization, and Kadooka
(2016) followed this addition.
Then follow the syntactic analyses of the Modality
expressions in Japanese. There are some positive/negative pairs with the
polarity, such as ‘hituyou ga aru/nai’ (necessity + NOM + exist/does
not, ‘there is necessity to/not to do something).’ One of the
pairs of which the positive and the negative polarity belong to different
categories is the permission ‘si-te mo ii’ (do + also +
possible, ‘you can do’) and the obligatory ‘si-te wa nara-nai’
(do + top + possible-not, ‘you must not do’).
Notice that the negation form ‘nara-nai’ does not have the positive
counterpart ‘*naru’ in the sense that one can do something, which shows that
there is asymmetry between the positive and the negative polarities with
some verbs in Japanese. Together with such asymmetries, the negation
patterns of the Japanese modality expressions are insightful from the
viewpoints of lexicogrammar and semantics.
Zero norm based analysis model for image smoothing and reconstruction
Authors: Song Jiebo , Li Jia , Yao Zhengan , Ma Kaisheng , Bao Chenglong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The sparsity-based approaches have demonstrated promising performance in image processing. In this paper, for better preservation of the salient edge structures of images, we propose an ℓ
0 + ℓ
2-norm based analysis model， which requires solving a challenging non-separable ℓ
0-norm related minimization problem, and we also propose an inexact augmented Lagrangian method with proven convergence to a local minimum. Extensive experiments in image smoothing, including texture removal and context smoothing, show that our method achieves better visual results over various sparsity-based models and the CNN method. Also, experiments on sparse view CT reconstruction further validate the advantage of the proposed method.
Temperature dependence of resistive switching characteristics in NiO(111) films on metal layer
Authors: Lai Ruilian , Wei Minglong , Wang Jianbo , Zhou Kai , Qiu Xiaoyan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Dense and uniform NiO(111) films are deposited on a Pt layer via magnetron sputtering. At temperatures of up to 80 °C, the Ag/NiO(111)/Pt memory cells exhibit a stable bipolar resistive switching behaviour with a switching time of <40 µs and a retention time of >104 s. Both the Arrhenius-type and Schottky-type current-temperature plots are well fitted by linear relationships, revealing that the electron transport in the high resistance state is governed by the Schottky tunnelling mechanism. The x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profiles demonstrate that the NiO(111) films are highly oxygen deficient, and that oxygen-vacancy conductive filaments are responsible for the temperature-dependent resistive switching behaviour of the NiO(111) films.
Numerical investigation on plasma assisted ignition of methane/air mixture excited by the synergistic nanosecond repetitive pulsed and DC discharge
Authors: Li Shi , Bai Chengjie , Chen Xiaoxiao , Meng Wenjing , Li Li , Pan Jie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Plasma assisted combustion provides possibilities for reducing ignition delays and controlling pollutant emissions. The zero-dimensional plasma and combustion models have been built up to numerically investigate the effects of the synergistic nanosecond repetitive pulsed (NRP) and DC discharge on the methane/air plasma assisted ignition. The synergistic discharge means exerting the low voltage DC discharge after the NRP discharge in one period of the discharge plasma. The simulation results indicate that the selective excitation of the vibrationally excited species N2(v), O2(v) and CH4(v) as well as the electronically excited species O2(a1Δg) and O2(b1Σg
+) by the synergistic discharge is superior to that by the NRP discharge when the electron energy has been deposited into different molecular degrees of freedom. The plasma kinetic effect on the ignition enhancement is highly efficient since it can break though the threshold of the thermal effect. Both the kinetic effect and the thermal effect of the NRP discharge on ignition enhancement are relatively weaker than those of the synergistic discharge. Besides, reactions involved the N2 electronically excited species produce abundant O and H, which is conducive to the formation of the methane oxidation intermediates. e + O2 = e + O + O(1D) in the NRP discharge and e + O2 = e + O2(a1Δg) in the synergistic discharge play the crucial roles in the methane/air plasma enhance ignition, respectively.