bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Bio‐Inspired Guanine Microplatelets: Morphological and Crystallographic Control
Authors: Chen Fenghua , Liu Yanan , Li Ling , Qi Limin , Ma Yurong 
Published: September 2020

Abstractβ‐Phase anhydrous guanine (β‐AG) crystals are one of the most widespread organic crystals to construct optical structures in organisms. Currently, no synthetic method is available that allows for producing guanine crystals with similar control in size, morphology, and crystallography as in biological ones. Herein, a facile one‐step synthesis route to fabricate bio‐inspired guanine microplatelets with (100) exposing planes in almost pure β‐phase is reported. The synthesis is based on a precipitation process of a guanine sodium hydroxide solution in formamide with poly(1‐vinylpyrrolidone‐co‐vinyl acetate) as a morphological additive. Due to their uniform size (ca. 20 μm) and thickness (ca. 110 nm), the crystals represent the first synthetic guanine microplatelets that exhibit strong structural coloration and pearlescent lusters. Moreover, this synthesis route was utilized as a model system to investigate the effects of guanine analogues, including uric acid, hypoxanthine, xanthine, adenine, and guanosine, during the crystallization process. Our results indicate that the introduction of guanine analogues not only can reduce the required synthesis temperature but also provide a versatile control in crystal morphology and polymorph selection between the α‐phase AG (α‐AG) and β‐AG. Turbidity experiments show that the β‐AG microplatelets are formed with a fast precipitation rate in comparison to α‐AG, suggesting that the formation of β‐AG crystals follows a kinetically driven process.
Hydroprocessing of palm oil using Rh/HZSM‐5 for the production of biojet fuel in a fixed bed reactor
Authors: Bangjang Thapanee , Kaewchada Amaraporn , Jaree Attasak 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe hydroprocessing of palm oil was performed in a continuous fixed bed reactor to produce biojet fuel. Rh/HZSM‐5 was used as catalyst and was characterized by N2 adsorption‐desorption, x‐ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), NH3‐temperature programmed desorption (NH3‐TPD), and H2‐temperature programmed reduction (H2‐TPR). The effect of operating parameters including reaction temperature, molar ratio, and solvent on the yield of biojet and biodiesel was investigated. The catalyst deactivated rapidly in the solvent‐free system due to carbon deposition. The application of 30% heptane in the feed maintained the conversion of palm oil above 90% for 8 hours. At 330°C, the yield of liquid fuel product was slightly less than that obtained at 300°C as more gaseous product was formed. The H2‐to‐oil molar ratio of 158 at 300°C was insufficient to maintain the reaction at high conversion. At 300°C and a H2‐to‐oil molar ratio of 316, the system was stable for the entire experimental period of 8 hours providing the biojet yield and selectivity of 15.3% and 28.5%, respectively. Although, this system was operated at a relatively low temperature for hydroprocessing, the productivity parameter of 0.60 kg product/Kg cat‐h was significantly higher compared to the data provided in the literature.
Socially determined cervical cancer care navigation: An effective step toward health care equity and care optimization
Authors: Dessources Kimberly , Hari Anjali , Pineda Elizabeth , Amneus Malaika W. , Sinno Abdulrahman K. , Holschneider Christine H. 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundDespite being the standard of care for patients with locoregional cervical cancer, many patients do not complete all components of primary chemoradiotherapy (pCRT): external beam radiotherapy, chemosensitization, and brachytherapy. Incomplete or protracted pCRT is associated with worse survival. The authors implemented a socially determined cervical cancer care navigation program at a public safety‐net hospital to improve treatment adherence.MethodsPatients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IB1 to IVA cervical cancer who underwent pCRT from 2012 to 2016 were prospectively enrolled into this navigation program spanning the medical, financial, and psychosocial aspects of care. This patient cohort was compared with a similar cohort of consecutive nonnavigated patients who were treated from 1998 to 2008. Patient characteristics, treatment data, and patient outcomes were collected. A database of navigation encounters was maintained prospectively.ResultsA total of 46 patients composed the navigated cohort and 85 patients composed the nonnavigated cohort. After implementation of the cervical cancer care navigation program, the percentage of patients receiving ≥5 cycles of weekly cisplatin increased from 74% to 93% (P < .01) and rates of the initiation of brachytherapy during external beam radiotherapy increased from 49% to 78% (P < .01). The median treatment time was reduced from 67 days in the nonnavigated patients to 55 days in the navigated patients (P < .01). Approximately 95% of navigated patients who completed pCRT did so within 63 days, compared with 52% of nonnavigated patients (P < .01). Treatment completion within 63 days was associated with significantly improved overall survival.ConclusionsSocially informed cervical cancer care navigation can significantly improve the timeliness of guideline‐based care, enhance access to resources for underserved minority patients receiving pCRT, and may improve overall patient outcomes.
Oral microbiome and onset of oral mucositis in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Reyes‐Gibby Cielito C. , Wang Jian , Zhang Liangliang , Peterson Christine B. , Do Kim‐Anh , Jenq Robert R. , Shelburne Samuel , Shah Dimpy P. , Chambers Mark S. , Hanna Ehab Y. , Yeung Sai‐Ching J. , Shete Sanjay 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundOral mucositis (OM) is a debilitating sequela for patients treated for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC). This study investigated whether oral microbial features before treatment or during treatment are associated with the time to onset of severe OM in patients with HNSCC.MethodsThis was a cohort study of newly diagnosed patients with locoregional HNSCC who received chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy from April 2016 to September 2017. OM was based on the National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0. The oral microbiome was characterized on the basis of the 16S ribosomal RNA V4 region with the Illumina platform. A mixture cure model was used to generate hazard ratios for the onset of severe OM.ResultsEighty‐six percent of the patients developed OM (n = 57 [33 nonsevere cases and 24 severe cases]) with a median time to onset of OM of 21 days. With adjustments for age, sex, and smoking status, genera abundance was associated with the hazard for the onset of severe OM as follows: 1) at the baseline (n = 66),Cardiobacterium(P = .03) andGranulicatella(P = .04); 2) immediately before the development of OM (n = 57),Prevotella(P = .03),Fusobacterium(P = .03), andStreptococcus(P = .01); and 3) immediately before the development of severe OM (n = 24),Megasphaera(P = .0001) andCardiobacterium(P = .03). There were no differences in α‐diversity between the baseline samples and Human Microbiome Project data.ConclusionsChanges in the abundance of genera over the course of treatment were associated with the onset of severe OM. The mechanism and therapeutic implications of these findings need to be investigated in future studies.
Outcomes after resumption of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy after high‐grade immune‐mediated hepatitis
Authors: Li Michael , Sack Jordan S. , Rahma Osama E. , Hodi F. Stephen , Zucker Stephen D. , Grover Shilpa 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundIn the current study, the authors assessed the risks and outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) rechallenge in patients with resolved grade 3 to 4 ICI hepatitis because current guidelines recommend permanent ICI discontinuation in these patients.MethodsThe authors performed a retrospective cohort study from 2010 through 2019 of patients with melanoma who were treated with ≥1 ICIs and who recovered from grade 3 to 4 ICI hepatitis. The primary outcome was hepatitis recurrence and the secondary outcome was the development of any immune‐related adverse event (irAE) requiring the discontinuation of ICI rechallenge. Best overall response and time to all‐cause death were compared between the patients who did and those who did not undergo ICI rechallenge. Grading was performed using the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 5.0).ResultsOf the 102 patients with melanoma who developed high‐grade ICI hepatitis, 31 underwent ICI rechallenge. Although 15 of 31 patients (48%) developed an irAE of any grade, only 6 patients (19%) required ICI discontinuation due to irAE severity (4 of 29 patients [14%] rechallenged with anti–PD‐1 or anti‐PD‐L1 and 2 of 2 patients [100%] rechallenged with ipilimumab). Recurrent hepatitis accounted for 4 of these 6 cases. Rechallenged patients who did not require ICI discontinuation were found to be significantly less likely to receive ipilimumab rather than anti–PD‐1 or anti‐PD‐L1 monotherapy (0% vs 33%; relative risk (RR), 0.1 [95% CI, 0.1‐0.3; P = .032]) and significantly less likely to be rechallenged with their original ICI (8% vs 50%; RR, 0.2 [95% CI, 0.1‐0.7; P = .038]). There was no difference noted with regard to best overall response or time to death between rechallenged and non‐rechallenged patients.ConclusionsICI therapy can be resumed in patients with melanoma who have recovered from grade 3 to 4 ICI hepatitis with a modest risk of serious irAEs. It remains unclear whether ICI retreatment improves clinical outcomes.
Time‐varying survival effects for squamous cell carcinomas at oropharyngeal and nonoropharyngeal head and neck sites in the United States, 1973‐2015
Authors: Brouwer Andrew F. , He Kevin , Chinn Steven B. , Mondul Alison M. , Chapman Christina H. , Ryser Marc D. , Banerjee Mousumi , Eisenberg Marisa C. , Meza Rafael , Taylor Jeremy M. G. 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundAnatomical site is strongly associated with head and neck cancer etiology, and etiology and patient sociodemographic characteristics are prognostic factors for survival. It is not known whether the effects of these predictors persist over the postdiagnosis period or are strongest proximal to the time of diagnosis.MethodsUsing survival times and causes of death for 180,434 patients with head and neck cancer in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registry (1973‐2015), the empirical cumulative incidences of cancer‐specific death and other‐cause death were calculated with a competing risks framework, and the time‐dependent effects (hazard ratios) of anatomical tumor site (oropharynx, oral cavity, or hypopharynx/larynx), age, sex, race, and year of diagnosis on cancer‐specific death and other‐cause death, stratified by tumor stage, were estimated.ResultsAll effects were significantly time‐varying (P < .001). Patients with nonoropharyngeal cancer had a higher hazard of cancer‐specific death but a similar cumulative fraction of deaths because of a higher rate of death from other causes. Cancer‐specific survival has not changed for patients with nonoropharyngeal cancer over the past decades but has improved since 2000 for patients with oropharyngeal cancer. The effects of age and sex on cancer survival were strongest proximal to the diagnosis, whereas the effect of race persisted over time.ConclusionsRecent improvements in survival for patients with oropharyngeal cancer may be due more to an increasing fraction of cancers attributable to human papillomavirus than to increasing treatment effectiveness. The prognostic strength of anatomical site and other predictors changes over the postdiagnosis period.Lay Summary

It is generally assumed that the effects of tumor and personal characteristics on the survival of patients with head and neck cancer are fixed over time, but this study shows that many factors are most important only in the first few years after diagnosis.

Also, recent improvements in the survival of patients with head and neck cancer appear to benefit only patients with cancers of the oropharynx. The improvements may be due more to an increasing fraction of cancers caused by human papillomavirus (which generally have better outcomes) than to advances in head and neck cancer treatment overall.
Abrogation of survival disparity between Black and White individuals after the USPSTF′s 2012 prostate‐specific antigen–based prostate cancer screening recommendation
Authors: Kim Isaac E. , Jang Thomas L. , Kim Sinae , Modi Parth K. , Singer Eric A. , Elsamra Sammy E. , Kim Isaac Yi 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundIn May 2012, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended against prostate‐specific antigen (PSA)–based screening for prostate cancer (PCa), assigning it a grade D. This decision then was modified in 2018 to a grade C for men aged 55 to 69 years. The authors hypothesized that changes in screening practices would reduce survival outcomes for both Black and White men but maintain racial discrepancies in outcomes.MethodsUsing the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, the authors examined PCa‐specific survival based on race and year of diagnosis. The period between January 2010 and December 2012 was categorized as the pre‐USPSTF era, whereas the period between January 2014 and December 2016 was classified as the post‐USPSTF era. The year 2013 was considered the transition year and was excluded from the analysis.ResultsA total of 49,388 men were identified in the pre‐USPSTF era who were diagnosed with PCa, approximately 83.7% of whom were White and 16.3% of whom were Black. In the post‐USPSTF era, a total of 41,829 men were diagnosed with PCa, approximately 82.7% of whom were White and 17.3% of whom were Black. When compared with the pre‐USPSTF era, men diagnosed in the post‐USPSTF era were found to have more adverse clinical features. In the pre‐USPSTF era, White men were less likely to die of PCa than Black men. This survival disparity between White and Black men was no longer observed in the post‐USPSTF era.ConclusionsIn men diagnosed with PCa between 2014 and 2016, a survival disparity between White and Black men was not observed due to a decrease in survival among White men while the survival of Black men remained steady.
Comparison of three different correction trajectories for foot and ankle deformity treated by supramalleolar osteotomy using a novel external fixator
Authors: Li Jianfeng , Li Guotong , Dong Mingjie , Chen Ying , Zuo Shiping 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBased on the principle of distraction osteogenesis, external fixators are widely used in deformity correction of the foot and ankle. In this study, a novel ankle external fixator is proposed to correct complex multiplane deformities, especially for supramalleolar osteotomy to correct distal tibia deformities. The relatively simple structure and fewer struts in the proposed fixator reduce the complexity of adjusting the external fixator. Based on two existing adjustment strategies, a new strategy taking into account the orientation and shortest path of the ankle joint center is proposed, which is named joint adjustment for equal bone distraction. By proposing the inverse kinematic solutions of the novel external fixator, mathematical derivations of the bone trajectory and modelling of the bone shape for the three distraction strategies are performed. The results obtained by comparative analysis indicate that a uniformly spaced path of the ankle joint center can be acquired, and a smooth and uniform correction trajectory of the distal tibia end can be obtained using the new adjustment strategy. It can avoid bone end interference and only generates a maximum deviation 0.66% greater than the currently optimal 1 mm/day. The new strategy can perform multiplane corrections simultaneously, which shortens the correction time and reduces the patient's pain.
Towards optimizing the execution of spark scientific workflows using machine learning‐based parameter tuning
Authors: de Oliveira Douglas , Porto Fábio , Boeres Cristina , de Oliveira Daniel 
Published: September 2020

SummaryIn the last few years, Apache Spark has become a de facto the standard framework for big data systems on both industry and academy projects. Spark is used to execute compute‐ and data‐intensive workflows in distinct areas like biology and astronomy. Although Spark is an easy‐to‐install framework, it has more than one hundred parameters to be set, besides domain‐specific parameters of each workflow. In this way, to execute Spark‐based workflows efficiently, the user has to fine‐tune a myriad of Spark and workflow parameters (eg, partitioning strategy, the average size of a DNA sequence, etc.). This configuration task cannot be manually performed in a trial‐and‐error manner since it is tedious and error‐prone. This article proposes an approach that focuses on generating interpretable predictive machine learning models (ie, decision trees), and then extract useful rules (ie, patterns) from these models that can be applied to configure parameters of future executions of the workflow and Spark for nonexperts users. In the experiments presented in this article, the proposed parameter configuration approach led to better performance in processing Spark workflows. Finally, the approach introduced here reduced the number of parameters to be configured by identifying the most relevant domain‐specific ones related to the workflow performance in the predictive model.
A multiion particle swarm optimization algorithm based on repellent and attraction forces
Authors: Zhu Shufang , Zhou Shangbo , Shang Jiaxing , Wang Limin , Qiang Baohua 
Published: September 2020

SummaryParticle swarm optimization (PSO) is an iterative computational methods which is used for obtaining the solutions of practical optimization problems. PSO is however, prone to be ended up obtaining a local optimum. Various strategies are proposed in the related literature to address this issue. Such strategies, however, often reduce the convergence speed of the algorithms. This article proposes a multiion particle swarm optimization (MION‐PSO) algorithm which incorporates three strategies to balance the exploration and exploitation abilities of the algorithm. To improve the exploration abilities, the particles are regarded as ions with repellent/attraction forces among them. The second strategy is a multiion strategy (MIS) in which the population is divided into many subswarms, namely, particle group. Using MIS, the optimal solution within each group is then used to purposefully guide the updates of other individuals. To delete the useless particles without the capability of updating historical best location for a specific period and have a misleading impact on others, without we employ a particle elimination strategy. Twenty‐three benchmark functions and eight baseline algorithms are employed to test the performance of MION‐PSO method. The experimental results show that MION‐PSO method significantly outperforms the baseline algorithms in terms of convergence, and further exhibits high capability in finding the optimal solutions especially on unimodal functions.
Synergistic and Diminutive Effects between Regium and Aerogen Bonds
Authors: Wang Ruijing , Wang Zheng , Yu Xuefang , Li Qingzhong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aerogen bond is formed in complexes of HCN−XeF2O and C2H4−XeF2O. The lone pair on the N atom of HCN is a better electron donor in the aerogen bond than the π electron on the C=C bond of C2H4. The coinage substitution strengthens the aerogen bond in MCN−XeF2O (M=Cu, Ag, and Au) and its enhancing effect becomes larger in the Au<Cu<Ag pattern. The aerogen bond is further enhanced by the regium bond in C2H2−MCN−XeF2O and C2H4−MCN−XeF2O, but is weakened by the regium bond in MCN−C2H4−XeF2O and C2(CN)4−MCN−XeF2O. Simultaneously, the regium bond is also strengthened or weakened in these triads. The synergistic and diminutive effects between regium and aerogen bonds have been explained by means of charge transfer and electrostatic potentials.
HERMES – A Software Tool for the Prediction and Analysis of Magnetic‐Field‐Induced Residual Dipolar Couplings in Nucleic Acids
Authors: Giassa Ilektra‐Chara , Vavrinská Andrea , Zelinka Jiří , Šebera Jakub , Sychrovský Vladimír , Boelens Rolf , Fiala Radovan , Trantírek Lukáš 
Published: September 2020

AbstractField‐Induced Residual Dipolar Couplings (fiRDC) are a valuable source of long‐range information on structure of nucleic acids (NA) in solution. A web application (HERMES) was developed for structure‐based prediction and analysis of the (fiRDCs) in NA. fiRDC prediction is based on input 3D model structure(s) of NA and a built‐in library of nucleobase‐specific magnetic susceptibility tensors and reference geometries. HERMES allows three basic applications: (i) the prediction of fiRDCs for a given structural model of NAs, (ii) the validation of experimental or modeled NA structures using experimentally derived fiRDCs, and (iii) assessment of the oligomeric state of the NA fragment and/or the identification of a molecular NA model that is consistent with experimentally derived fiRDC data. Additionally, the program's built‐in routine for rigid body modeling allows the evaluation of relative orientation of domains within NA that is in agreement with experimental fiRDCs.
Differential effects of adult attachment in cognitive‐behavioural and psychodynamic therapy in social anxiety disorder: A comparison between a self‐rating and an observer rating
Authors: Altmann Uwe , Nodop Steffi , Dinger Ulrike , Ehrenthal Johannes C. , Schauenburg Henning , Dymel Wibke , Willutzki Ulrike , Strauss Bernhard M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDifferent measures of attachment are usually weakly correlated. In a subsample of an RCT comparing short‐term cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT) and psychodynamic therapy (PDT), we examined the association between attachment and outcome using two attachment measures. The sample comprises 148 patients with social anxiety disorder who were treated in the SOPHO‐NET trial. Pretreatment attachment was assessed using the Adult Attachment Prototype Rating (AAPR) and the Bielefeld Questionnaire of Client Expectations (BQCE). Regression models were used to predict the therapeutic alliance (HAQ) at session 8, the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) at the end of therapy and a 6‐month follow‐up. Attachment groups (secure, avoidant, and ambivalent) classified with the AAPR and the BQCE were not significantly correlated (Cohen's κ = 0.08). Only the BQCE was associated with the HAQ indicating avoidantly attached patients showing lower HAQ scores than securely attached (Cohen's d = 0.722). Regarding the AAPR, we found an interaction effect of treatment and attachment related to the post‐treatment LSAS scores. Post hoc tests revealed that securely attached patients in CBT had lower scores than securely attached in PDT (d = 0.922) and, on a trend level, avoidantly attached in CBT (d = 0.782). We conclude that attachment–outcome associations are affected by the applied measure. The identified differential effects suggest that psychotherapists should adapt the interventions on the attachment of their patients.