bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le compas dans l’œil : la « mécanique géométrique » de Viviani au chevet de la coupole de Brunelleschi
Authors: Dumas Primbault Simon 
Published: June 2020

Être ingénieur à la cour des Médicis au xvii e siècle requiert une discipline à la croisée de la mathématique, des arts picturaux et des arts mécaniques. Fondée sur l’héritage d’Alberti, Vinci et Vasari, l’ Accademia del disegno – reposant sur les trois piliers vasariens de la perspective linéaire, du clair-obscur et de la géométrie euclidienne – a donc été spécialement créée afin d’enseigner le dessin comme la pratique essentielle aux ingénieurs, architectes, mathématiciens, autant qu’aux peintres, décorateurs et scénographes florentins. Au début du xvii e siècle, l’ Accademia opère la synthèse entre la mathématique, l’art et l’ingénierie à travers le concept et la pratique du disegno . À la mort de Galilée en 1642, Vincenzio Viviani (1622-1703), dernier disciple de l’astronome pisan, devient ingénieur de la cour. Chargé de l’inspection du Val d’Arno et des constructions architecturales toscanes, il doit produire des rapports d’expertise pour le corps d’ingénieurs de Florence. Chemin faisant, Viviani a laissé dans ses appunti de nombreux dessins et esquisses, réalisés à la sanguine, à l’encre, au crayon, pris sur le vif ou bien réalisés de mémoire. Je me propose de plonger dans l’archive personnelle de Viviani faite de paysages et de scènes de genre autant que de schémas techniques en envisageant la surface du papier comme un lieu de savoir et en insistant sur la matérialité de celui-ci comme révélatrice de gestes et de pratiques savantes et artistiques : l’observation minutieuse du réel, l’extraction des formes pertinentes, leur traduction dans un langage graphique adapté permettant l’émergence de la connaissance. Au sein d’une culture curiale qui ne fait pas de différence entre l’artiste peintre, l’ingénieur scénographe et le mathématicien dessinateur, le disegno se révèle être la compétence maîtresse d’une épistémologie pratique ancrée dans une culture visuelle qui brouille la frontière entre les figures modernes de l’artiste et du savant. En me tournant plus spécifiquement vers les schémas géométriques produits par Viviani à l’occasion de l’étude mécanique de la coupole de Brunelleschi à la fin du siècle, j’aimerais envisager le disegno comme une forme de mathématisation de la nature opposée, dans la pratique de la naissante physico-mathématique, à d’autres formes plus symboliques. Trahissant une tension à l’œuvre entre l’ingénieur et le physico-mathématicien, entre les arts mécaniques et les sciences, cette « mécanique géométrique » annonce les limites du disegno .
La géométrie descriptive par et pour les carrossiers : un exemple d’appropriation professionnelle d’un savoir mathématique au XIX e siècle
Authors: Preveraud Thomas 
Published: June 2020

Au milieu du xix e siècle, alors que des défis nouveaux s’imposent aux métiers de la carrosserie en raison de l’essor du commerce de la calèche et de l’industrialisation progressive de sa fabrication, le tracé géométrique des caisses des voitures hippomobiles est transformé et rationalisé, en France, par l’introduction des méthodes générales de la géométrie descriptive. La profession des carrossiers organise alors la formation mathématique de ses menuisiers qui dessinent, débitent et usinent au sein de ses ateliers, au moyen de cours dispensés à Paris, de revues professionnelles et d’un traité de géométrie descriptive. Ce nouveau discours mathématique produit par et pour une profession témoigne d’une appropriation d’un savoir théorique qui avait prospéré, au cours du siècle, loin des réalités vécues dans les ateliers de carrosserie, un nouveau discours qui essaime en Europe et de l’autre côté de l’Atlantique dans le dernier quart du xix e siècle.
Civiliser les « indigènes » par le droit. Antoine Sohier et les revues juridiques coloniales (1925-1960)
Authors: Landmeters Romain , Tousignant Nathalie 
Published: June 2020

L’idée de civiliser la population du Congo est concomitante de l’entreprise coloniale belge dès la première heure. Cette conception est d’ailleurs inhérente à l’imaginaire impérial depuis la fin du XIX e siècle. L’effort de civilisation de l’État indépendant du Congo (EIC) devient, avec la reprise en 1908 du Congo par la Belgique, le dénominateur commun du gouvernement belge, du monde de l’industrie et du commerce ainsi que des missionnaires. Au milieu de ces trois piliers du colonialisme « à la belge », la magistrature coloniale contribue également à l’œuvre civilisatrice. Par l’analyse textuelle de trois revues juridiques coloniales, cette contribution explore les usages des termes civiliser/civilisation/civilisé par les contributeurs, dont le principal le magistrat Antoine Sohier. Cette analyse met en évidence la construction d’un consensus autour d’une Civilisation unique, objectif à atteindre par les populations congolaises adhérant aux valeurs portées par la mission/action civilisatrice revendiquée par le projet colonial belge.
Teaching Newly Licensed RNs to Build an Interprofessional Collaborative Practice
Authors: Rossler Kelly L. , Hardin Katherine 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Recommendations for health care institutions to evaluate the effectiveness of nurse internship programs in facilitating the acquisition of an interprofessional collaborative practice exist. This pilot project explored the effectiveness of simulation-based education compared with online education on inter-professional socialization and collaboration among newly licensed RNs transitioning into medical-surgical practice.

Method:

An experimental repeated-measures design examined professional nursing practice attributes of values, attitudes, and behaviors along with interprofessional collaboration core competencies. Participants (
n
= 29) were randomized into either a control group (nurse internship with online interprofessional education) or an experimental group (nurse internship with simulation-based interprofessional education).

Results:
Changes in interprofessional role socialization and valuing occurred as measured by the Interprofessional Socialization and Valuing Scale. Interprofessional Collaborative Competency Attainment Survey data demonstrated a change in interprofessional collaboration.

Conclusion:

Findings support how educators in the health care setting can consider the integration of interprofessional education teaching methodologies into nurse internship programs.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2020;51(7):331–337.]
Actionability and Usability of a Fever Management Tool for Pediatric Caregivers
Authors: Edwards Courtney , Bolling-Walker Karen , Deupree Joy 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Effective fever management in children relies on caregivers having adequate general and numerical literacy. Nationally, nine of 10 adults have difficulty understanding health information. Lack of understanding basic information about fever management is a primary reason given for nonurgent pediatric emergency department visits. The Assess-Communicate-Treat (A.C.T.) tool was created by nurses 18 years ago to help parents better understand fever management.

Method:

This article describes a quality improvement project that used an expert health care provider panel and parents who attended focus groups to reevaluate the A.C.T. tool. The
Simply Put
manual, Simple Measure of Gobbledygook readability formula (SMOG) tool, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) readability test, and Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT-P) were used to evaluate the A.C.T. tool.

Results:
Following focus groups, 45 of 72 items on the A.C.T. tool were revised using a 4-point Likert scale. After revision, the tool rated 88% for understandability and 83% actionability using the PEMAT-P tool.

Conclusion:

Recognizing caregivers' health literacy needs is critical to optimizing health outcomes and reducing health care costs in the pediatric population.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2020;51(7):338–344.]
Extracellular Release of Antigen by Dendritic Cell Regurgitation Promotes B Cell Activation through NF-κB/cRel
Authors: El-Barbry Houssam , Capitao Marisa , Barrin Sarah , Amziani Samir , Pierre Paul Pascal , Borreill Susanna , Guilbert Thomas , Donnadieu Emmanuel , Niedergang Florence , Ouaaz Fatah 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional APCs, which sample Ags in the periphery and migrate to the lymph node where they activate T cells. DCs can also present native Ag to B cells through interactions observed both in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanisms of Ag transfer and B cell activation by DCs remain incompletely understood. In this study, we report that murine DCs are an important cell transporter of Ag from the periphery to the lymph node B cell zone and also potent inducers of B cell activation both in vivo and in vitro. Importantly, we highlight a novel extracellular mechanism of B cell activation by DCs. In this study, we demonstrate that Ag released upon DC regurgitation is sufficient to efficiently induce early B cell activation, which is BCR driven and mechanistically dependent on the nuclear accumulation of the transcription factor NF-κB/cRel. Thus, our study provides new mechanistic insights into Ag delivery and B cell activation modalities by DCs and a promising approach for targeting NF-κB/cRel pathway to modulate the DC-elicited B cell responses.
Comparing Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Fractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy in Treating patients with Growth Hormone-Secreting Adenomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Zheng Qiulin , Huang Yinqiong , Lin Wei , Cai Liangchun , Wen Junping , Chen Gang 
Published: June 2020

Context: Radiotherapy for patients with acromegaly was considered when patients have residual disease or tumor recurrence after surgery, or when surgery can’t be carried out. There are two main modes of radiotherapy, including stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT). Objective: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to present the effectiveness and safety of SRS and FSRT for GH secreting pituitary adenoma in clinical practice. Methods: We searched the published literature using following databases: Pub Med, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and EMBASE up to March 22, 2020, for studies in which SRS or FSRT were used in patients with GH secreting pituitary. Results: A total of 33 studies were eligible, involving 2016 participants. No significant differences were observed in tumor shrinkage rate, local tumor control rate and adverse effect rate between SRS and FSRT. Compared to FSRT, SRS showed significant increase in biochemical remission rate (43% vs. 28%; p=0.023) and significant lower follow-up GH level (SMD: −1.20 vs. −0.37, p=0.006). Conclusions: SRS and FSRT showed comparable effectiveness and safety in the management of GH secreting pituitary adenoma patients. SRS might be associated with better biochemical remission.
Community Participation in the Management of Wechiau Community Hippo Sanctuary, Ghana
Authors: Ernest Amoako-Atta Ernest , Frederick Dayour Frederick , Ziem Bonye Samuel 
Published: June 2020

Effective community participation in the management of tourism projects is advocated as a useful tool for sustaining such projects but also, as a means of empowering community members. Though this subject has received much academic attention in the broader tourism literature pertaining to other regions, the specific forms of participation relative to community-based tourism projects, the activities engaged in by community members as well as the impediments to their participation in such projects are yet to be investigated and understood in Ghana. Thus, this study aims to unpack how residents get involve in the management of the Wechiau Community Hippo Sanctuary, the specific activities they undertake as well as challenges they face in that regard. The study employed a mixedmethods research design comprising 206 surveys, six in-depth interviews and four focus group discussions. The results show that community members participate in the project through the services they offer to guests and compliance with laid down rules regarding access and usage of the resource. Also, there was unanimity regarding the forms of participation in the project which were largely coercive and inducive in nature but also barriers which were mainly operational and structural in a nature. In dealing with operational barriers, the study recommends that the Sanctuary Management Committee should provide community members with adequate information to sidestep any possible mistrust in the management. And to address structural barriers, management should also provide training programmes to the community to enable them contribute meaningfully to issues concerning the project.
Keywords: Community Participation, Tourism, Management, Mixed-Methods, Ghana
Anticancer property of hexane extract of <I>Suaeda fruticose</I> plant leaves against different cancer cell lines
Authors: Saleh Kamel A. , Albinhassan Tahani H , Al-Ghazzawi Adel M. , Mohaya Abdulrahman , Shati Ali A. , Ayoub Huda J. , Abdallah Qasem M. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To evaluate the bioactivity of hexane extract of S. fruticosa leaves against the cancer cell lines HepG2, MCF-7, and HCT-116, and to determine the chemical composition-function relationship.
Methods: Using the liquid-liquid extraction method, the nonpolarL constituent compounds were isolated from the leaves. The cytotoxicity of the hexane extract was evaluated using an SRB assay. Mechanism of action was verified by observing the appearance of apoptotic bodies using fluorescence microscopy, while anti-proliferative activity was assayed via flow cytometry.
Results: The results revealed that secondary metabolites in the hexane extract demonstrated the highest cytotoxicity, and thus anticancer activity, against HCT-116 cells, with an IC50 of 17.15 ± 0.78 mg/mL. The presence of apoptotic bodies indicate an ability to induce apoptosis. Flow cytometry results suggest that the secondary metabolites stalled the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase.
Conclusion: The results indicate that S. fruticosa hexane extract may be considered a potential new source of the anti-cancer compound, momilactone B.
Keywords: Anticancer, Apoptosis, Colon Cancer, Liver cancer, Breast cancer, Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, Suaeda fruticose, Momilactone B
MiR-196b-5p regulates the proliferation of drug-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines by activating NFκB/ABCB1 signaling pathway
Authors: Pu Bangming , Cao Yong , Li Yan , Tang Li , Xia Jiyi , Li Bo 
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To explore the molecular function of miR-196b-5p in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods: MiR-196b-5p expression levels in HCC tissue samples were assessed by qRT-PCR. MiR-196b-5p was knocked-down or over-expressed in HepG2 cells by transfecting the cells with plasmids expressing either a miR-196b-5p inhibitor or mimic, respectively, while cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay. The interaction of miR-196b-5p with target molecules was confirmed using luciferase reporter assay. Cell cycle was investigated by flow cytometry, while NFκBIA expression was assessed by western blotting.Results: MiR-196b-5p was over-expressed in HCC, and miR-196b-5p expression levels in patients with HCC were related to tumor grade. MiR-196b-5p over-expression promoted cell proliferation and colony formation and suppressed cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The results of luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-196b-5p reduced NFκBIA expression in HepG2 cells by binding to a response element in the 3′ UTR of NFκBIA. Further investigation showed that NFκBIA interacts with NFκB1 and reduces the concentration of NFκB1 in HepG2 cells. The promoter of ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 (ABCB1) was also targeted and bound by NFκB1, which altered the expression of ABCB1 in HepG2 cells.Conclusion: MiR-196b-5p regulates cell proliferation in drug-resistant HCC cell lines via activation of the NFκB/ABCB1 signaling pathway.
Keywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma, miR-196b-5p, NFκBIA, NFκB1, ABCB1
Determination of radical scavenging activities of some pyrimidine derivatives
Authors: Aremu Oluwole S. , Katata-Seru Lebogang , Aremu Olukayode O. , Sewani-Rusike Constance R. , Koorbanally Neil 
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To synthesize some pyrimidine derivatives and investigate their radical scavenging activities.
Methods: A series of newly pyranopyrimidines derivatives and dithiopyridopyrimidinediones were synthesized by condensation of barbituric acid, malononitrile and different substituted benzaldehydes reacted with 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2] octane (DABCO) as a base. Compounds P1-7 (series 1), S1-11 (series 2) Scheme 1 and 6-amino-2-thiouracil with aromatic aldehydes in glacial acetic acid under reflux J1-13 (series 3) Scheme 2. 1H & 13C NMR, CHN, GC-MS and IR were used to characterize the compounds and were also screened for radical scavenging activity using 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 50 μg/ml).
Results: The potency of radical scavenging activity was ranked as series 1 > series 3 > series 2. Compounds P3, J4, S10, P5, P7 with inhibitory concentration at 50 % level (IC50) of 12, 40, 48, 50, and 54 μg/ml, respectively, showed radical scavenging activity equal or more potent than the standard antioxidant, ascorbic acid (IC50 = 50 μg/ml).
Conclusion: Series of newly pyranopyrimidines and dithiopyridopyrimidinediones derivatives have been successfully synthesized, and they demonstrate good radical scavenging activity.
Keywords: Pyranopyrimidine, Dipyrimidines, Anti-oxidant, DPPH, Ascorbic acid, Radical scavenging
<I>Schisandra chinensis</I> extract ameliorates <I>myocardial ischemia</I>/reperfusion injury via TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88 signaling pathway
Authors: Lou Yang , Xu Bo , Li Xianshuai , Xu Xiaoyi , Chen Xiaoguo 
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To investigate the effects of Schisandra chinensis extract (SCE) on myocardial ischemiareperfusion (I/R) injury and to elucidate its underlying mechanism of action.
Methods: A rat model of myocardial I/R injury was used. Ischemia was induced by occluding the left anterior descending artery for 30 min and the myocardium was then reperfused for 2 h in Sprague-Dawley rats. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was used to measure myocardial infarct size, while the levels of inflammatory cytokines were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blot assay was conducted to determine protein levels.
Results: TTC staining showed that myocardial I/R injury was ameliorated after SCE treatment. Serum creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased after SCE treatment. Moreover, seruminterleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression levels were reduced after SCE treatment. Furthermore, SCE treatment remarkably downregulated the protein expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88).
Conclusion: SCE may exert protective effects against myocardial I/R injury by downregulating TLR4-mediated NF-κB/MyD88 signaling pathway. However, this needs to confirmed in clinical studies.
Keywords: Schisandra chinensis, TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88, Inflammasome, Myocardial ischemiareperfusion injury
Protective effect of ethosuximide on hearing in NOD/LtJ mice via blockage of endogenous apoptosis
Authors: Zhang Dejun , Guan Guofang , Guo Yingyuan , Hao Yanru , Guo Fang , Fu Zeming 
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To determine the protective effect of ethosuximide on the hearing of NOD/LtJ mice, and the underlying mechanism of action.
Methods: The mice were randomly assigned to control and treatment groups (20 mice per group). Mice in the treatment group were administered ethosuximide intraperitoneally at a dose of 200mg/kg body weight (bwt), while those in the control group received an equivalent dose of saline via the same route. Both groups were subjected to auditory brainstem response (ABR) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) tests, as well as determination of mRNA expressions of α1G, α1H, α1I, m-calpain, μ-calpain, and caspase-3.
Results: At ages of 6 and 9 weeks, ABR values were significantly lower in the treatment group than those in the control group (p < 0.05). At age 3, 6 and 9 weeks, control group DPOAE values were much lower than those in the treatment group. However, at signal frequency of 35344 Hz, DPOAE value was significantly reduced in the treatment group (p < 0.05). There was significant down-regulation in mRNA expressions of α1G, α1H, α1I, m-calpain, μ-calpain and caspase-3, in the treatment group, when compared with the control group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Ethosuximide delays mice hearing loss and protects their hearing via a mechanism involving blockage of endogenous apoptotic pathways. This mechanism may provide guidance in the search for suitable new drugs.
Keywords: Ethosuximide, Endogenous apoptosis, Hearing, Protection
Therapeutic benefit of aripiprazole-olanzapine combination in the treatment of senile Alzheimer’s disease complicated by mental disorders
Authors: Zheng Na , Wang Ning , Jia Ji-Min 
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To determine the clinical efficacy of aripiprazole-olanzapine combination treatment in elderly Alzheimer’s disease complicated with mental disorders.
Methods: Ninety-two elderly patients with Alzheimer’s disease and mental disorders who were admitted to Binzhou People's Hospital, were enrolled in the study. They were randomized into control and study groups. Control group was treated with olanzapine, while the study group was treated with aripiprazole as an adjuvant therapy in addition to olanzapine. The clinical efficacy, scores on different scales (MMSE, ADAS-cog, CDR, ADL, NPI and CMAI), and incidence of adverse reactions were determined.
Results: The overall degree of response was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in MMSE, ADAS-cog, CDR, ADL, NPI and CMAI scores between the two groups before treatment (p > 0.05). The MMSE score of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the scores in the other scales in the study group were significantly lower after treatment (p < 0.05). The study group had significantly lower incidence of adverse reactions than control group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Aripiprazole-olanzapine combination has significant therapeutic benefit in the treatment of elderly Alzheimer’s disease patients complicated with mental disorders. It promotes recovery of neurological function, as well as produces a lower incidence of adverse reactions.
Keywords: Aripiprazole, Olanzapine, Alzheimer’s disease, Mental disorders