bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Risk Event Involvement and Risk Perception during the COVID‐19 Outbreak in China
Authors: Qian Da , Li Ou 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a worldwide pandemic that continues to spread and the situation continues to deteriorate globally. It is also a risk event for the public in affected areas. However, little is known about the relationship between “being involved/exposed in a risk event at the moment” and people’s risk perception of that event.MethodsThe mediation model and analysis of covariance method were performed on a Chinese sample (N = 351) during the outbreak of COVID‐19 to test the underlying mechanism between risk event involvement and risk perception.ResultsRisk event involvement was positively related not only to people’s event‐related risk perception but also their general risk perception (i.e. risk perception towards other events), and negative emotion mediated these relationships. In addition, the residents of Wuhan (vs. non‐Wuhan) exhibited significantly higher event‐related risk perception as well as general risk perception.ConclusionsThe findings deepen our understanding of risk perception by suggesting that being involved in a risk event at the moment is also a nonnegligible variable positively related to risk perception through increased negative emotion. Finally, theoretical and managerial implications of the result are discussed.
Accuracy in Surrogate End‐of‐Life Medical Decision‐Making: A Critical Review
Authors: Spalding Rachael 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundIncreasing age is accompanied by a greater need for medical decisions, due in part to age‐related increases in chronic disease and disability. In later life, medical decisions about end‐of‐life care in particular are likely. However, a significant percentage of these decisions are made by surrogate decision‐makers. “Surrogates” are most often instructed to use the substituted judgment standard and make decisions that patients would choose if they were able. Whether surrogates make decisions that adequately match patients’ preferences is a concern. Surrogates are generally poor predictors of patient preferences (Shalowitz et al., 2006). However, no critical review of this literature has yet been published.MethodA critical review was conducted to summarise and provide a methodological critique of 25 studies.ResultsThese studies generally concur that patient–surrogate agreement on medical decisions is poor. However, this conclusion is qualified by inconsistencies in methodological quality and the potentially limited generalisability of these findings.ConclusionsClinical research incorporating standardised hypothetical decision‐making protocols, as well as triangulated data collection methods, would bolster confidence in future findings. Investigations prioritising the surrogate decision‐making process, rather than solely the decisional outcome, could better identify ways to improve the decision‐making process for incapacitated patients.
Avoiding harm: Tackling problematic polypharmacy through strengthening expert generalist practice
Authors: Reeve Joanne 
Published: August 2020

Problematic polypharmacy is a growing challenge. Medication that is intended to improve patients' health and wellbeing is instead becoming part of the problem. The way we practice medicine has become a driver for the problem. Dealing with the challenge will need us to think differently about how we do clinical care.A 2013 Kings Fund report stated that tackling problematic polypharmacy requires us to actively build a principle of compromise into the way we use medicines. There are implications for how we consult and make decisions with patients, in how we design health practice and systems to support that decision making, and, in our understanding of the process of research, how we generate the knowledge that informs practice.This review considers the current state of play in all 3 areas and identifies some of the work we still need to do in order to generate the practice‐based evidence needed to tackle this most challenging problem.Finding a way to redesign practice to address problematic polypharmacy could offer a template for tackling other related complex issues facing medical practice such as multimorbidity, chronic pain and complex mental health.
Brain connectivity alteration detection via matrix‐variate differential network model
Authors: Ji Jiadong , He Yong , Liu Lei , Xie Lei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBrain functional connectivity reveals the synchronization of brain systems through correlations in neurophysiological measures of brain activities. Growing evidence now suggests that the brain connectivity network experiences alterations with the presence of numerous neurological disorders, thus differential brain network analysis may provide new insights into disease pathologies. The data from neurophysiological measurement are often multidimensional and in a matrix form, posing a challenge in brain connectivity analysis. Existing graphical model estimation methods either assume a vector normal distribution that in essence requires the columns of the matrix data to be independent or fail to address the estimation of differential networks across different populations. To tackle these issues, we propose an innovative matrix‐variate differential network (MVDN) model. We exploit the D‐trace loss function and a Lasso‐type penalty to directly estimate the spatial differential partial correlation matrix and use an alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm for the optimization problem. Theoretical and simulation studies demonstrate that MVDN significantly outperforms other state‐of‐the‐art methods in dynamic differential network analysis. We illustrate with a functional connectivity analysis of an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder dataset. The hub nodes and differential interaction patterns identified are consistent with existing experimental studies.
Daratumumab‐based therapy for patients with monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance
Authors: Kastritis Efstathios , Theodorakakou Foteini , Roussou Maria , Psimenou Erasmia , Gakiopoulou Charikleia , Marinaki Smaragdi , Gatou Anastasia , Fotiou Despina , Migkou Magdalini , Kanellias Nikolaos , Eleutherakis‐Papaiakovou Evangelos , Malandrakis Panagiotis , Dialoupi Ioanna , Ntanasis‐Stathopoulos Ioannis , Kostopoulos Ioannis V. , Terpos Evangelos , Gavriatopoulou Maria , Dimopoulos Meletios A. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryTreatment of the plasma cell clone in monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS) is necessary in order to reduce toxic immunoglobulin load to the kidneys and salvage renal function. There are limited data on the use of daratumumab in patients with MGRS. We summarize our experience with the use of daratumumab‐based therapy in 25 MGRS patients, 12 of whom were previously untreated. The median follow‐up of the cohort is 14 months. The best overall haematologic response in evaluable patients was complete response (CR) in five (22%), very good partial response (VGPR) in five (22%) and partial response (PR) in seven (30%) patients for an overall response rate of 74%. Two of five patients in CR and two patients with initially detectable clones, but non‐measurable immunoglobulins, had undetectable minimal residual disease (MRD) with next‐generation flow cytometry (NGF) after therapy. Haematologic response rate for previously untreated patients was 83% vs. 69% for previously treated and for daratumumab combinations it was 91% vs. 64%, and with CR/VGPR 82% vs. 29%, compared to daratumumab monotherapy. At six months, 12/22 (55%) patients not on dialysis achieved a reduction of proteinuria >30%, of at least 0·5 g/24 h, without an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) reduction. The toxicity was mild and predictable. In conclusion, daratumumab‐based therapy is a new option for patients with MGRS.
Prices paid for farmland in Ontario: Does buyer type matter?
Authors: Vyn Richard J. , Shang Max Zongyuan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the wake of the substantial increases in farmland values that have occurred in Ontario since 2008, concerns have been expressed regarding the potential influence of nonfarmer buyers, such as investment companies and foreign buyers, on prices paid for farmland. To examine whether these concerns may be warranted, this paper estimates the impact of nonfarmer buyers on sale prices for farmland in Ontario, using a hedonic approach and farmland sales data from 2002 to 2016. Analysis is also conducted to determine whether marginal implicit prices of specific farm attributes differ between farmer buyers and nonfarmer buyers. The results indicate that nonfarmer buyers have paid higher prices for farmland, but only in near‐urban areas. In addition, differences in marginal implicit prices for farmland attributes are found, where farmer buyers value more highly attributes related to the agricultural productivity of the property while nonfarmer buyers value more highly attributes related to nonagricultural use. These results imply that the higher prices paid by nonfarmers may be attributable to the bid‐rent theory, as nonfarmers may be bidding more than farmers for farmland in near‐urban areas due to higher expected returns from future urban use of the land.
Relevance of contact sensitizations in occupational dermatitis patients with special focus on patch testing of workplace materials
Authors: Schubert Steffen , Geier Johannes , Skudlik Christoph , Reich Anna , Hansen Andreas , Buhl Timo , Mempel Martin , Schön Michael P. , John Swen M. , Brans Richard 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundStudies on patch testing with workplace materials and evaluation of current occupational relevance of positive patch test reactions are scarce in patients with occupational dermatitis (OD).ObjectivesTo identify frequent sensitizations with occupational relevance and to determine the value of patch testing with workplace materials in OD patients.Patients and MethodsResults and clinical data of 654 patients with suspected OD patch tested between 2013 and 2017 were analysed.ResultsOccupational allergic contact dermatitis was diagnosed in 113 (17.3%) patients. Mechanics had the widest range of occupational sensitizations. Sensitization to epoxy resin was rated occupationally relevant in almost all handicraft trades. Among positive patch test reactions to workplace products, those to water‐based metal working fluids and leave‐on cosmetic products were most frequent. Despite frequent testing, protective gloves only rarely elicited positive reactions. Preservatives and rubber compounds were most frequently identified as currently occupationally relevant.ConclusionsRubber allergy is occupationally relevant especially in healthcare workers and cleaners. Generally, preservatives including formaldehyde releasers are important allergens in OD patients. Leave‐on cosmetic products must not be forgotten as allergen sources. Patch testing both workplace materials and standardized test preparations has a complementary value and is beneficial for the diagnostic work‐up of OD patients.
Thickening of the basement membrane as a diagnostic sign of mycosis fungoides
Authors: Fernandez‐Flores Angel , Diep My , Cassarino David 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe epidermal basement membrane (BM) is readily identified on skin biopsy specimens stained with periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS) and PAS with diastase (PAS‐D). Thickening of BM can be evidenced in several inflammatory and tumoral conditions. We noticed that most of our biopsy specimens of mycosis fungoides (MF) showed thickening of the BM. We decided to retrospectively study BM thickness in 27 biopsy specimens of MF and compare them with 27 cutaneous biopsy specimens of inflammatory diseases. We studied PAS and PAS‐D stains in all cases and we measured BM thickness with an ocular micrometer. Cases were scored in a four‐tiered system: 0: no detectable staining; 1+ (mild: < 5 μm); 2+ (moderate: 5‐9 μm); and 3+ (prominent: >9 μm). The difference between both groups (MF vs controls) was highly significant for BM thickness values by both one‐ and two‐tailed t tests (P < 0.0006). While only 3 biopsy specimens from the controls (11.11%) showed areas of 3+ thickening, 12 biopsy specimens of MF (44.44%) showed areas of 3+ thickening, and most cases showed diffuse, at least 2+ thickening, while the controls showed more segmental, mostly 1 or 2+ staining. We conclude that thickening of BM can be useful in the differential diagnosis with inflammatory conditions.
Clinical and histopathological features of pagetoid Spitz nevi of the thigh
Authors: Chung Jina , Yuan Zhimin M. , Lee Jason B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPagetoid Spitz nevus is a rare subtype of Spitz nevus usually found on the lower extremities, particularly on the thigh of women. As a rare and under‐recognized entity that can be misdiagnosed as melanoma, further characterization of clinical and histopathological features is needed to improve its recognition.MethodsA retrospective analysis of all melanocytic neoplasms from the thigh diagnosed over a 3‐year period.ResultsFifty‐five (15.4%) of the 357 melanocytic neoplasms on the thigh were Spitz nevi, the majority of them occurring in women (87.3%). Of the 55 Spitz nevi, 33 (60.0%) were pagetoid Spitz nevi, 14 (25.5%) were Reed nevi, and eight (14.5%) were conventional Spitz nevi. The mean age of patients with pagetoid Spitz nevi was 47.2, the majority being women (84.9%). Pagetoid Spitz nevi were small, with a mean histopathologic diameter of 4 mm, and often junctional (63.6%). Compared to Clark nevi of the thigh, pagetoid Spitz nevi comprised significantly more solitary melanocytes with a greater degree of scatter.ConclusionsThese results suggest that Spitz nevi and, in particular, pagetoid Spitz nevi constitute a significant percentage of nevi on the thigh. Previously reported benign clinical and histopathological features of pagetoid Spitz nevi are confirmed in this study.
Risky alcohol consumption prior to incarceration: A cross‐sectional study of drinking patterns among Australian prison entrants
Authors: Kerslake Milo , Simpson Melanie , Richmond Robyn , Albany Hamish , Butler Tony 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsRisky alcohol consumption is linked to poor health and criminal justice outcomes. This study aims to assess the prevalence and correlates of risky drinking in a sample of recently incarcerated Australians.Design and MethodsConsecutive cross‐sectional data were collected from prisoners residing in 19 correctional facilities in six Australian states and territories as part of the National Prison Entrants' Bloodborne Virus and Risk Behaviour Survey Report. The sample consisted of 389 prisoners (339 men, 50 women). Risky alcohol consumption was estimated using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test‐Condensed questionnaire, with a cut‐off score of ≥6. Potential correlates of risky alcohol consumption were assessed utilising univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsOver one‐third (34.5%) of prisoners who were screened met the criteria for risky alcohol consumption. The five factors found to be independently and positively associated with risky alcohol consumption were Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous) status, incarceration in prison in the Northern Territory, heavy tobacco use, cannabis use and abstinence from drugs in the 4 weeks prior to incarceration. Additionally, risky alcohol consumption was associated with current or past hepatitis B or hepatitis C infection.Discussion and ConclusionsThe findings highlight that risky alcohol consumption is common among prisoners across Australia. This is known to be associated with adverse health outcomes and re‐offending, suggesting a need for alcohol interventions targeting prisoners.
Platform Supported Supply Chain Operations in the Blockchain Era: Supply Contracting and Moral Hazards*
Authors: Cai Ya‐Jun , Choi Tsan‐Ming , Zhang Juzhi 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTPlatform operations are very common in the sharing economy. Nowadays, retailers can sell the end‐of‐season product leftovers to platforms which offer product rental services to the market. Motivated by this observed industrial practice, we build stylized supply chain models to explore the platform supported supply chain operations. We uncover that the presence of the platform creates the “triple marginalization” problem in which supply chain coordination cannot be achieved even if the manufacturer is willing to supply at cost using the wholesale pricing contract. We show how the markdown sponsor (MS) contract can deal with the triple marginalization problem and achieve supply chain coordination. However, we illustrate that a moral hazard problem, in which the retailer has incentive to overclaim the amount of markdown sponsor, arises. We reveal that the moral hazard problem brings a loss to the manufacturer, an immoral gain for the retailer, and there is no impact on the platform and consumers. We analytically derive the impact of moral hazard (which means the loss to the manufacturer, and the gain for the retailer) and find that it relates to the markdown sponsor rate, as well as the degree of overclaiming. To overcome the moral hazard problem under MS contract, we propose measures such as the adoption of blockchain technology, and “discounted” markdown sponsor contract, to help. We also explore the implementations of other contracts to overcome the moral hazard, like virtual buyback with inventory reallocation contract, and wholesale pricing contract with side payments.
Isotope evidence for latitudinal migrations of the dragonfly Sympetrum fonscolombii (Odonata: Libellulidae) in Middle Asia
Authors: Borisov Sergey N. , Iakovlev Ivan K. , Borisov Alexey S. , Zuev Andrey G. , Tiunov Alexei V. 
Published: August 2020

Sympetrum fonscolombii dragonflies are believed to migrate seasonally. In the spring and early summer, the already‐mature dragonflies arrive in Middle Asia for reproduction. In the late summer and autumn, summer‐generation dragonflies migrate to the south. Their wintering places remain unknown.
Stable hydrogen (δ2H) and oxygen (δ18O) isotope analyses were conducted to confirm the migration of S. fonscolombii and determine the wintering area. Stable isotope composition of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) in wings and legs was used to clarify the habitats in which dragonfly development took place.
Three cohorts of dragonflies collected in different regions of Middle Asia were used for analysis: (i) immigrants that arrived in the spring, (ii) residents that developed in Middle Asia, and (iii) transit dragonflies migrating to the south during autumn.
The average δ2H values in the wings were significantly higher in immigrants (−96‰) than in residents (−134‰) and transit individuals (−124‰). High δ18O and δ15N values in the tissue of immigrants confirmed their southerly origin.
Based on the species range and the global distribution of annual averages of δ2H and δ18O values in precipitation, the latitudinal migrations of S. fonscolombii were inferred to cover the area from the proposed natal regions of immigrants in South‐West Asia (below ∼36°N) to Southern Ural and the south of Western Siberia in the north (54–55°N) with a maximum migration distance of more than 4000 km.
Why do nondemocratic regimes promote e‐participation? The case of Moscow's active citizen online voting platform
Authors: Schlaufer Caroline 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCitizen online participation has become an increasingly important feature of policymaking in nondemocratic regimes. This article explores the question of why nondemocratic governments promote e‐participation tools. To address this question, this research examines the motives for the introduction of the Active Citizen e‐voting platform in Moscow through an in‐depth case study drawing on interviews and qualitative document analysis. The case study identifies a variety of objectives pursued by the Moscow city government with the promotion of e‐participation and relates them to three legitimation strategies, namely, input‐based legitimation, output‐based legitimation and discourse‐based legitimation. The results underscore how controlled e‐participation may combine different legitimation strategies without challenging the distribution of decision‐making power.
Amino acid cues emanating from Pacific salmon eggs and ovarian fluid
Authors: Dittman Andrew H. , Quinn Thomas P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe eggs of salmonid fishes are an important food source for many aquatic predators that detect eggs using olfaction. Moreover, chemicals from eggs and ovarian fluid aid sperm cells in detecting and locating eggs for fertilization, and ovarian fluid is attractive to conspecific males. Thus chemicals from eggs and ovarian fluid may facilitate reproduction but may also attract egg predators. The authors sampled mature females of three Pacific salmon species – Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka) – and determined the proportional representation of amino acids, potent fish odorants, from their eggs and ovarian fluid (Chinook and coho salmon only). They then tested juvenile coho salmon, an egg predator, for responses to ovarian fluid and egg odours using the electro‐olfactogram (EOG) recording technique. The amino acid compositions of the salmon species were significantly and positively correlated with each other, and the interspecific differences were comparable to those between individuals of the same species. The egg water samples were, on average, dominated by lysine, alanine and glutamine (12.6%, 12.4% and 10.9%, respectively). The ovarian fluid samples were dominated by lysine (20.5%), followed by threonine (9.7%), glycine (9.2%) and arginine (8.8%). EOG recordings demonstrated the ability of juvenile coho salmon to detect the chemical traces of eggs and ovarian fluid. It is concluded that salmon eggs are a potent source of odours for potential predators but likely not highly differentiated among salmon species.
Water disinfection by ozonation has advantages over UV irradiation in a brackish water recirculation aquaculture system for Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: Teitge Felix , Peppler Christina , Steinhagen Dieter , Jung‐Schroers Verena 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBy keeping tropical shrimp, like Litopenaeus vannamei, in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), valuable food for human consumption can be produced sustainable. L. vannamei tolerates low salinities, and therefore, the systems can operate under brackish water conditions. The stabilization of the microbial community in RAS might be difficult under high organic loads, and therefore, water treatment measures like UV irradiation or ozone application are commonly used for bacterial reduction. To investigate the impact of these measures, the effects of UV irradiation and ozone application were studied in small‐scale brackish water RAS with a salinity of 15‰ stocked with L. vannamei. UV reactors with 7 and 9 W were used, and by ozonizers with a power of 5–50 mg/hr, the redox potential in the water was adjusted to 350 mV. Ozone had a stabilizing effect on the microbial composition in the water and on biofilms of tank surfaces and shrimp carapaces, prevented an increase of nitrite and accelerated the degradation of nitrate in the water. UV irradiation led to changes in the microbial composition and was less effective in optimizing the chemical water quality. Thus, the use of ozone could be recommended for water treatment in brackish water RAS for shrimp.