bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of parasites of wildlife in Yankari game reserve and Sumu wildlife park in Bauchi State, Nigeria
Authors: Atuman YJ , Kudi C.A. , Abdu P. , Abubakar A. 
Published: June 2020

The role of wildlife in the epidemiology of parasites in Yankari Game Reserve and Sumu Wildlife Park in Bauchi State, Nigeria was investigated by analysis of blood, faeces and ticks collected from 106 wildlife including 4 elephants (Loxodonta africana), 11 waterbucks (Kobus ellipsiprymus), 1 hartbeest (Alcelaphus baselaphus caama), 24 elands (Taurotragus oryx), 53 zebras (Equus quagga crawshayi), 1 kudu (Tragelaphus streptsiceros) and 12 wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus). Blood samples were examined for haemoparasites by classical parasitological techniques i.e Geimsa's stained thin, thick and buffy coat blood smear. Whereas faecal samples were examined for gastrointestinal tract (GIT) parasites using floatation and sedimentation techniques while ticks were identified morphologically. Overall prevalence of haemoparasites was fifty six percent (56%). The identified haemoparasites were Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bigemina, Babesia bovis, Theileria equi, Babesia caballi, Trypanosoma spp and Ehrlichia ruminantium. Haemoparasites identified alone or in combination with others had a significant (P <0.05) effect on mean PCV of infected animals. Sixty percent (60%) of the wildlife species were infected with GIT parasites. Types of GIT parasites identified were two protozoans (Balantidium coli and Eimeria spp) and helminths from eighteen genera including ten nematodes (Strongyle type-egg, Dictyocaulus, Cooperia, Strongyloides, Haemonchus, Trichuris, Trichonema, Oesophagostomum, Bunostomum, and Ancylostoma), four Trematodes (Fasciola, Schistosoma, Paramphistomum and Gastrodiscus) and three Cestodes (Anoplocephala, Taenia and Moniezia. Four genera of ticks, Amblyomma, Boophilus, Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus were identified on the wildlife species. Our findings indicated the presence of infective parasites in wildlife and potential risks of transmitting these parasites to in contact domestic animals and humans in the study area. Control measures should be focused on reducing parasitic infections by proper management of wildlife in the Game Reserves in Bauchi State, Nigeria.
Keywords: Gastrointestinal parasites, Haemoparasites, Prevalence, Ticks, Wildlife
Histological, microbiological, physicochemical and heavy metals evaluation of effluent from Kara Cow Market, Ogun State, Nigeria in guppy fish (<i>Poecilia reticulata</i>)
Authors: Sogbanmu T.O. , Sosanwo A.A. , Ugwumba A.A.A. 
Published: June 2020

The Ogun River is a sink for untreated effluents discharged from the Kara Cow Market, Ogun State. In this study, microbiological, physicochemical and heavy metals evaluation were carried out on effluent from the market. Standard methods were utilised for the examination of physicochemical and microbiological parameters of the effluent. The histological effects of sublethal concentrations of the effluent were assessed in the gills, intestine and skin of Poecilia reticulata (guppy fish) over a period of 56 days following standard methods and international ethical guidelines. None of the physicochemical parameters were within the set limits by the National Environmental Standards and Enforcement Agency (NESREA) for effluent discharges into surface waters. Coliforms, pathogens and fungi were observed in the effluent with a total plate count of 2.14 x 107 cfu/mL. The median lethal concentration (96 h LC50) of the effluent to P. reticulata was 71.50 mL/L (7.15%). Histological alterations such as distorted mucosal architecture with shortening and widening of intestinal villi were observed in the intestine of exposed groups of P. reticulata at day 56. The observed adverse physicochemical parameters, histological alterations and pathogenic microbes may pose ecological and public health risks to aquatic organisms and humans respectively. It is recommended that an effluent treatment plant should be installed at the market to reduce the pollutants load of the effluent before discharge into the Ogun River.
Keywords: Effluents; histological effects; Kara Market; Ogun River; physicochemical parameters; pathogenic microorganisms; Poecilia reticulate
Emerging Issues in the Nigerian 9-Year Basic Education Curriculum: Implications for Cultural and Creative Arts Education
Authors: Ojukwu Ebele V. 
Published: June 2020

This qualitative research study sought to assess and evaluate the emerging issues in the teaching and learning of cultural and creative arts (CCA) in Anambra state of Nigeria. Data was gathered through oral consultations while the historical background of the cultural and creative arts in Nigeria is employed as the theoretical frame work upon which the study is based. The paper argues that for school curriculum reforms to meet the needs of the basic education system, the school-based practices should be made to respond to school curriculum reforms. The paper concludes by suggesting that progress can only be made in CCA education if there are serious reforms in pedagogical content at the level of pre-service teacher education as well as capacity building workshops for serving teachers.
Keywords: 9-Year basic education curriculum, Cultural and creative arts education, Emerging issues, and Teachers reflections
Dynamism of Religious Dialogue (Inter-Faith Meeting) and the Growth of Christianity in Nigeria
Authors: Viwala Godwin , Onu Ben O. 
Published: June 2020

Religious diversity is a possible feature of any human society. Even in a religious homogenous society, there are factions and sects within a particular religion. The diversity in religious conviction gives rise to a lot of options based on religious inclination. The society in which the religion is practiced need to be at peace for the religion to thrive and be propagated hence, dialogue is necessary as to see how the orthodoxy and orthopraxy can lead to peaceful co-existence as they define the societal norms and values. It is in this respect that this paper examines the issues of dynamism of religious dialogue or inter-faith meeting in the light of growth of Christianity in Nigeria, being a multi-faith, multi-ethnic and multi-cultural society Using the historical and phenomenological perspectives, the paper found out that since the 19thcentury inter-religious dialogue have been in progress and will need to continue. The foundation for religious dialogue and peaceful co-existence was laid by Chief Shodeke on December 5 1842 in Abeokuta when the three contending religious leaders - Islam, traditional religion and Christianity were invited to explain their philosophies. It was discovered that inter-religious dialogue melts the walls of in-difference and enhances understanding of the religious world view. We therefore conclude that inter-faith dialogue which offers opportunity for understanding and respect of non-Christian neighbours should be sustained for the acceptance and growth of Christianity in Nigeria.
Key words: Dynamism, dialogue, ecumenical, inter-faith, growth.
Synthesis of Formation Control Systems for Multi-Agent Systems under Control Gain Perturbations
Authors: Miyakoshi Kazuki , Shun Ito  , Hidetoshi Oya  , Yoshikatsu Hoshi  , Shunya Nagai  
Published: June 2020

This paper proposed a linear matrix inequality (LMI)-based design method of non-fragile guaranteed cost controllers for multi-agent systems (MASs) with leader-follower structures. In the guaranteed cost control approach, the resultant controller guarantees an upper bound on the given cost function together with asymptotical stability for the closed-loop system. The proposed non-fragile guaranteed cost control system can achieve consensus for MASs despite control gain perturbations. The goal is to develop an LMI-based sufficient condition for the existence of the proposed non-fragile guaranteed cost controller. Moreover, a design problem of an optimal non-fragile guaranteed cost controller showe that minimizing an upper bound on the given quadratic cost function can be reduced to constrain a convex optimization problem. Finally, numerical examples were given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed non-fragile controller for MASs.
Optimizing Engine Start Systems with Application to Sailing/Coasting and Mild Hybridization
Authors: Madhusudan Raghavan  
Published: June 2020

Engine start systems are key to providing a good customer experience for today’s drivers. Considerable effort goes into ensuring a smooth and quiet engine start, especially in vehicles equipped with start/stop systems. We present two novel mechatronic starters that are designed to improve start quality by enabling faster and quieter engine starts. In the first proposed concept, the traditional alternator is replaced with a motor/generator unit that is capable of exerting positive torque on the engine as needed, in addition to the conventional power generation function. The motor/generator is selectively connected to the crankshaft via a selectable geared or belted connection to enable different operating modes. This starter executes a 400 ms faster start for a typical engine when compared to a conventional 12V starter. We also present a second starter that uses an integrated two-speed gear train to crank the engine. The cranking gear ratio is changed from the initial high ratio to a lower ratio once the engine starts to spin. This ratio change allows the starter motor to continue to operate in a favorable torque-speed zone and push the engine to a higher pre-ignition rpm than a conventional starter, resulting in a quieter, smoother start.
We also present results from incorporating the belted/geared starter concept in vehicles with sailing/coasting mode as well as in mild hybrid propulsion systems. Sailing/coasting mode of operation is enabled by the quick engine re-start capability of this starter allowing seamless switching between fuelled and unfuelled engine operation. Such an operation could reduce fuel consumption by about 3-6% on the NEDC driving cycle, without regenerative braking. One may further hybridize the propulsion system by adding a battery for storing regenerative braking energy. Using such an architecture, a 6-8% fuel economy improvement on the WLTP certification driving cycle may be achieved, depending on voltage and power levels implemented, as well as energy storage systems included.
Diversity of Makrozoobenthos as Bioindicators of the Quality of the Waters in Sibolga
Authors: Ryan Ryan , Schucyan, M.  
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
The waters of sibolga is the waters are very widespread in , this area is densely populated, so there are many community activities that take place such as Transportation, Fisheries, Bathing, sand Mining and other.The purpose of this study is to determine the role of macrozoobenthos as a bioindicator of water quality in the waters of Sibolga Tapanuli Tengah, as well as determine the quality of water in the flow of the waters Sibolga physical properties, chemical has. The research was conducted from November 2019 to February 2019, the samples taken from the three research stations. From the results obtained Macrozoobenthos in the identification in this study consisted of 3 Phyla of invertebrates namely : Annelids, which consists of 2 classes, Arthropods consisting of 1 class and Molusca, which consists of 1 class. Based on the data of macrozoobenthos obtained at each research station, then the obtained value of population density, relative density and frequency of presence of that at station I the value of its highest density is Tubifex sp. with the value of the density of the population of 18,519 individual/m2, the density is relatively 25,862% and the frequency of the presence of 55,555%. off at 3. at station 2 the highest density is Tubifex sp. with the value of the density of the population of 18,519 individuals/m2, relative density 25,862% and a frequency of 55,555%. also note that the total score obtained by the method storet, namely -30, this shows that if connected with the raw water quality of class I is then classified in the waters of class III, which means that light polluted. The high total score method storet on the entire research station due to the presence of a variety of activities at each of the stations, settlements, sand mining and other activities. Where these activities produce waste, which in the end increases the content of Phosfat, COD, TSS and BOD5, thus causing the waters of the Waters of Sibolga is light polluted.

Kata kunci : makroozoobentos, Sibolga and bioindikator
Peran Promosi terhadap Tingkat Penjualan Produk Roko Clasmild pada PT. Niaga Nusa Abadi Depo Sukabumi
Authors: Rosanna Wulandari  , Lesmana Agus 
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan pada dugaan bahwa terdapat peran promosi terhadap tingkat penjualan produk rokok clasmild, dimana penelitian dilaksankan pada PT. Niaga Nusa Abadi Depo Sukabumi. Alat pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer berupa biaya promosi serta omset di PT. Niaga Nusa Abadi Depo Sukabumi periode tahun 2019.
Hasil analisa terhadap data-data yang terkumpul menunjukan bahwa promosi pada PT. Niaga Nusa Abadi Depo Sukabumi memiliki peranan signifikan terhadap tingkat penjualan. Tingkat penjualan dalam kondisi normal/tetap adalah sebesar 78.581,399 dan apabila biaya promosi meningkat Rp.1.000.000,- maka volume penjualan meningkat sebanyak 107 dus.
Pengaruh Piutang terhadap Likuiditas pada Perusahaan Dagang Pangan Sejahtera Kota Sukabumi
Authors: Purnama Reka Ardian 
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini meneliti tentang pengaruh piutang terhadap likuiditas pada PD. Pangan Sejahtera Kota Sukabumi selama 5 tahun, dengan Teknik pengambilan sample menggunakan purposive sampel berupa data laporan keuangan dari tahun 2008 sampai dengan 2012 menggunakan tabel piutang dan likuiditas koperasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada hubungan dan pengaruh antara piutang dan likuiditas pada PD. Pangan Sejahtera Kota Sukabumi. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan metode expose the facto, metode pengumpulan data bertujuan untuk menguji hipotesis dengan menggunakan analisis korelasi, determinasi, regresi dan uji hipotesis dengan uji-t. Hasil dari penelitian ini memperlihatkan pengaruh piutang terhadap likuiditas diperlihatkan oleh nilai r = 0.888, artinya piutang memiliki hubungan yang sangat kuat terhadap likuiditas. Sifat hubungannya positif, artinya jika nilai piutang koperasi semakin tinggi maka likuiditas akan semakin tinggi. Sebaliknya jika nilai piutang semakin menurun maka likuiditas akan semakin menurun. Besarnya pengaruh piutang terhadap likuiditas ditunjukan oleh nilai R Square / Koefisien Determinasi 0.789 atau 78.9% dengan demikian maka piutang memiliki pengaruh sebesar 78.9% terhadap likuiditas koperasi. Uji hipotesis menggunakan uji t, bahwa t hitung = 3.347 sedangkan t tabel = 3.182 artinya t hitung > t tabel. Berarti Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima, Terdapat pengaruh antara piutang terhadap likuiditas pada PD. Pangan Sejahtera Kota Sukabumi.
Designing communities in peace: Participatory action-research approaches embedded in regional education in Colombia
Authors: Lopera-Molano Daniel , Lopera-Molano Angela María 
Published: June 2020

Gaitania is a rural town located in the Andes mountain range, very close to where the Colombian armed conflict with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) guerrillas began in the mid-1960s. In this context, a situated research and education project was conducted with state, civil and community organisations, including the Agency for the Reincorporation and Normalization of the Colombian Government, coffee producer associations in the south of Tolima, the Nasa Wes’x indigenous community and 150 ex-combatants, as well as teachers and students from the Design Program of the University of Ibagué, Colombia. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how creative (design) work can be organically transformed from the instrumental to one that supports autonomous creative ways of learning.
This project established collective reflection–action processes that worked in conjunction with four critical learning objectives, as specified by the Bachelor Design Program. Workshops were conducted for the co-creation of a collective brand of coffee that brought together victims and victimisers in a joint process of reconciliation and memory sharing. Through generation of a special coffee brand called The Third Agreement – which is now being commercialised – memory of the territory’s autonomous peace processes and the community’s self-validation efforts were recovered and developed. Critical skills were also developed in students and communities so that they could understand the implications of producing a design that would capture the market, while also recognising the importance of building transition paths for participants, especially in the contexts of war and peace. The students’ reflections led to the construction of new praxis distinctions, such as plandisposición (planning-disposition),escuchacción (active-action-listening), honest-synthesis and sentipensar-actuar (feeling-thinking-acting), which indicate critical awareness of how design can open possibilities for creating futures in which many worlds co-exist.
MAX-DOAS measurements of NO2, SO2, HCHO, and BrO at the Mt. Waliguan WMO GAW global baseline station in the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Ma Jianzhong , Dörner Steffen , Donner Sebastian , Jin Junli , Cheng Siyang , Guo Junrang , Zhang Zhanfeng , Wang Jianqiong , Liu Peng , Zhang Guoqing , Pukite Janis , Lampel Johannes , Wagner Thomas 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Mt. Waliguan Observatory (WLG) is a World Meteorological Organization
(WMO) Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) global baseline station in China. WLG is
located at the northeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau (36∘17′ N, 100∘54′ E, 3816 m a.s.l.) and is
representative of the pristine atmosphere over the Eurasian continent. We
made long-term ground-based multi-axis differential optical absorption
spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements at WLG during the period 2012–2015. In
this study, we retrieve the differential slant column densities (dSCDs) and
estimate the tropospheric background mixing ratios of different trace gases,
including NO2, SO2, HCHO, and BrO, using the measured spectra at
WLG. Averaging of 10 original spectra is found to be an “optimum option” for
reducing both the statistical error of the spectral retrieval and systematic
errors in the analysis. The dSCDs of NO2, SO2, HCHO, and BrO under
clear-sky and low-aerosol-load conditions are extracted from measured
spectra at different elevation angles at WLG. By performing radiative
transfer simulations with the model TRACY-2, we establish approximate
relationships between the trace gas dSCDs at 1∘ elevation angle
and the corresponding average tropospheric background volume mixing ratios.
Mixing ratios of these trace gases in the lower troposphere over WLG are
estimated to be in a range of about 7 ppt (January) to 100 ppt (May) for
NO2, below 0.5 ppb for SO2, between 0.4 and 0.9 ppb for HCHO, and
lower than 0.3 ppt for BrO. The chemical box model simulations constrained
by the NO2 concentration from our MAX-DOAS measurements show that there
is a little net ozone loss (−0.8 ppb d−1) for the free-tropospheric
conditions and a little net ozone production (0.3 ppb d−1) for the
boundary layer conditions over WLG during summertime. Our study provides
valuable information and data sets for further investigating tropospheric
chemistry in the background atmosphere and its links to anthropogenic
activities.
Quantifying uncertainties of climate signals in chemistry climate models related to the 11-year solar cycle – Part 1: Annual mean response in heating rates, temperature, and ozone
Authors: Kunze Markus , Kruschke Tim , Langematz Ulrike , Sinnhuber Miriam , Reddmann Thomas , Matthes Katja 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Variations in the solar spectral irradiance (SSI) with the 11-year sunspot cycle have been shown to have a significant impact on temperatures and the mixing ratios of atmospheric constituents in the stratosphere and mesosphere.
Uncertainties in modelling the effects of SSI variations arise from uncertainties in the empirical models reconstructing the prescribed SSI data set as well as from uncertainties in the chemistry–climate model (CCM) formulation.
In this study CCM simulations with the ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model and the Community Earth System Model 1 (CESM1)–Whole Atmosphere Chemistry Climate Model (WACCM) have been performed to quantify the uncertainties of the solar responses in chemistry and dynamics that are due to the usage of five different SSI data sets or the two CCMs.
We apply a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to separate the influence of the SSI data sets and the CCMs on the variability of the solar response in shortwave heating rates, temperature, and ozone.
The solar response is derived from climatological differences of time slice simulations prescribing SSI for the solar maximum in 1989 and near the solar minimum in 1994. The SSI values for the solar maximum of each SSI data set are created by adding the SSI differences between November 1994 and November 1989 to a common SSI reference spectrum for near-solar-minimum conditions based on ATLAS-3 (Atmospheric Laboratory of Applications and Science-3).
The ANOVA identifies the SSI data set with the strongest influence on the variability of the solar response in shortwave heating rates in the upper mesosphere and in the upper stratosphere–lower mesosphere.
The strongest influence on the variability of the solar response in ozone and temperature is identified in the upper stratosphere–lower mesosphere.
However, in the region of the largest ozone mixing ratio, in the stratosphere from 50 to 10 hPa, the SSI data sets do not contribute much to the variability of the solar response when the Spectral And Total Irradiance REconstructions-T (SATIRE-T) SSI data set is omitted.
The largest influence of the CCMs on variability of the solar responses can be identified in the upper mesosphere. The solar response in the lower stratosphere also depends on the CCM used, especially in the tropics and northern hemispheric subtropics and mid-latitudes, where the model dynamics modulate the solar responses.
Apart from the upper mesosphere, there are also regions where the largest fraction of the variability of the solar response is explained by randomness, especially for the solar response in temperature.
Architectural Images in Oriental Carpets
Authors: Lozanova Sasha S. , Tasheva Stela Borisova 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This article focuses on a narrow aspect of the broad thematic field of Oriental rugs: architectural signs and forms, placed in the compositional and the imagery space of the carpets. In popular conventions, the Oriental carpets (depending on their use) are defined as prayer and secular. Although fully considering this fact, the systematization in the article is done with other principles: it follows the types of landscape; architectural and interior motifs used both in ritual and daily items. This article performs an interdisciplinary study combining ethnological, art-historian (textile) and architectural perspectives. The report aims to arrange the types of architectural images in rugs and to highlight their main style and compositional characteristics. Visual variations of carpets are also explored in semantic and artistic perspective. The expected results are in the field of history and theory of traditional applied art; and in the architecture of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.