bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional practices in pediatric patients with neuromuscular disorders
Authors: Chou Emile , Lindeback Rachel , Sampaio Hugo , Farrar Michelle A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Children with neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) may experience a spectrum of nutritional issues with adverse health consequences. This review summarizes the current understanding of nutritional care in pediatric NMDs, recognizing disease-specific aspects of nutrition alongside the challenges and needs in dietetic care. General or disease-related nutritional issues for children with NMDs include being underweight, overweight, or obese and having swallowing difficulty, gastroesophageal reflux, diarrhea, and/or constipation. Specific challenges in NMD nutritional assessment include alterations in body composition and energy requirements and difficulties in measuring anthropometry. Multidisciplinary dietetic intervention focuses on optimizing nutrient intakes to avert growth failure or obesity and managing feeding difficulties and gastrointestinal problems. Care guidelines are disease specific and vary in approach and detail. To promote best clinical practice across diverse settings, a standardized approach to assessing growth and nutrition across all pediatric NMDs is needed to direct optimal care centered on individual requirements. Future studies should focus on determining the prevalence of specific nutritional issues and the effectiveness of specific interventions among various pediatric NMD populations.
Language and Intimate Relations
Authors: Perrino Sabina , Pritzker Sonya E. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines how intimacy permeates individuals’ everyday interactions, creating the collaborative foundation for romantic and sexual, but also many other types of relationships. Specifically, the chapter explores intimacy—defined as an emergent sense of closeness and shared identity—as a processual phenomenon that occurs in interaction at various and simultaneous spatiotemporal scales. In this perspective, intimacy is (co)constructed in ordinary conversations between friends and spouses, as well as in interviews and healing performances. After a brief literature review on intimacy and closeness in linguistic anthropology and sociolinguistics, the discussion turns to case studies in Senegal and the United States to demonstrate how intimacy emerges as a collaborative interactive phenomenon in everyday interaction.
Foreign Policy Attitudes as Networks
Authors: Kertzer Joshua D. , Powers Kathleen E. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Since at least 1964, public opinion scholars have searched for signs of “constraint” in the American public’s foreign policy attitudes. This chapter reviews these attempts and suggests that the ensuing work has ultimately fallen into two research traditions that have largely been conducted in isolation of one another: horizontal models that portray attitudes as being sorted along multiple dimensions on the same plane and vertical models that imply a hierarchical organization in which abstract values determine specific policy positions. It then offers a new—networked—paradigm for political attitudes in foreign affairs, leveraging tools from network analysis to show that both camps make unrealistically strict assumptions about the directionality and uniformity of attitude structure. The chapter shows that specific policy attitudes play more central roles than existing theories give them credit for and that the topology of attitude networks varies substantially with individual characteristics like political sophistication.
The Place of the Body in Resistance to Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Rajah Valli , Osborn Max 
Published: December 2019

AbstractScholarship presents a complex picture of women’s resistance to male violence and control. Despite its attention to nuance, intimate partner violence research should further investigate the role of the body and embodiment, that is, how our bodies shape the ways in which individuals perceive and act in the world. To gain purchase on existing research and to chart directions for future investigation, the authors conducted a scoping review and textual analysis. The work in this chapter is guided by three questions: (1) What is the current state of knowledge regarding resistance, the body, and embodiment in the context of intimate partner violence? (2) How does this literature discuss and conceptualize embodiment in the context of resistance? (3) What can we learn through a deeper analysis of embodied resistance in the context of intimate partner violence? Implications of the authors’ findings are discussed.
Sensory Experience AS Method
Authors: Low Kelvin E. Y. , Abdullah Noorman 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe researcher’s body and sensory faculties are both experientially involved in interactional field settings. Drawing on their research, the authors sketch out three sensory encounters informed by theoretical and methodological debates pertaining to subjectivity and intersubjectivity. Dealing with issues of race, gender, and heritage, the authors demonstrate how their bodies as researchers go through processes of sensory learning and calibration. Data are collectively generated along with respondents during fieldwork. In the discussion, the authors provide a lens through which corporeal and sensory experiences can be deployed as an important methodological tool in the generation and theorization of data in ethnographic research.
The Holy Spirit
Authors: Holmes Christopher R. J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Bonhoeffer has a richly Trinitarian pneumatology. He emphasizes the Spirit’s identity in relation to the Son and thus to the Father. This generates an account of the Spirit’s work that is other-directed, Christ-directed. We come to know and love the Spirit in relation to Christ, into whom the Spirit baptizes us and whose words the Spirit speaks. The upshot, for Bonhoeffer, is that the Spirit is not domesticatable. The Spirit brings the reality of Christ to us, forming us in him and in his body. In pointing to the Spirit’s unity with Christ, Bonhoeffer tracks New Testament patterns of speech, resisting the ungodly tendency to isolate the Spirit from Christ whose scriptural word the Spirit speaks via the external words of preaching and sacrament.
Freedom, Responsibility, and Moral Agency
Authors: McKenny Gerald 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The concepts of freedom, responsibility, and moral agency are tightly interwoven in Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s thought and have to do with the relation of subject to the other that is at the centre of Bonhoeffer’s ethics and theological anthropology. This chapter presents and critically examines these three concepts. It argues that Bonhoeffer’s key notion of responsibility for the other (that is, liability) is an important and permanent contribution to Christian ethics. It also argues that Bonhoeffer’s notions of the responsibility of the agent (that is, imputability) and the agent’s responsibility to the other (that is, accountability) are attenuated, to the detriment of his ethics. Finally, the chapter argues that Bonhoeffer’s treatment of vicarious representative action as an expression of responsibility for the other is more ambiguous and less suited to be a basic principle of social ethics than Bonhoeffer supposes.
Anthropology
Authors: Muers Rachel 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Bonhoeffer’s theological anthropology begins not with the isolated individual, nor with an understanding of ‘human being’ in general, but with the call of the other that summons the human being into free responsibility. It also begins in the middle of the human story—with created, fallen, and redeemed humanity receiving its identity through the encounter with Christ. In this chapter I connect the anthropological themes of Bonhoeffer’s poetry from prison with his wider theological project. I indicate how Bonhoeffer’s anthropology connects him to key ongoing debates in philosophy and theology, and opens up critical conversations with Bonhoeffer around gender and around human uniqueness.
Bonhoeffer and the Jews
Authors: Pangritz Andreas 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines Bonhoeffer’s attitude towards Jews and some of the secondary scholarship and debates on this topic. It gives particular attention to the ambiguous status of Bonhoeffer’s 1933 essay ‘The Church and the Jewish Question’ (DBWE 12: 361–70). On the one hand, Bonhoeffer calls for solidarity with Jews in the context of Nazi Germany. On the other hand, he still operates within a Lutheran theological framework, one with anti-Judaic features. The Kristallnacht pogrom of 1938 led Bonhoeffer to revise this earlier framework, and also to join the military conspiracy against Hitler. In particular, this revision becomes apparent in his Ethics, in which Bonhoeffer talks of ‘a genuine, unceasing encounter’ between Christians and Jews, as well as suggesting that ‘the Jew(s) keep open the question of Christ’ (DBWE 6: 105). Finally, in some passages of his prison letters he senses that the fate of the Jews in Europe requires an even more radical revision of Christology and theology.
Christology
Authors: Tietz Christiane 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Christology stands at the centre of Bonhoeffer’s theology because God has revealed Godself in Jesus Christ and made himself approachable, though not manageable, for human beings. For Christians today, the encounter with Christ takes place in the church-community. It is Christ as the mediator between God and humankind that places Christians at a distance from the world, allowing them to engage with it critically. To live as a Christian means to follow Christ, yet today this is qualified differently than in the times of the disciples of Jesus of Nazareth.
The Christian Life
Authors: Heuser Stefan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores Bonhoeffer’s understanding of the Christian life in its public witness to God’s worldly presence. For Bonhoeffer, the Christian life unfolds as God’s word draws human beings into the story of Christ and as human beings in turn respond through practices of prayer and doing justice for others. The first section of this chapter explores the grammar of the Christian life as witnessing to the word of God. The second outlines Bonhoeffer’s distinction between the ethics of formation and of conformation, which sets apart Bonhoeffer’s approach to the Christian life from some other Protestant approaches. Third, there follows an account of the Christological grammar of the Christian life as life ‘in Christ’. The final section reflects upon the significance of Bonhoeffer’s doctrine of the mandates for understanding the publicity of the Christian life and its relevance for public theology today.
Biographies and Portraits
Authors: de Gruchy John W. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Who was Dietrich Bonhoeffer and who is he for us today? These are the questions every biographer attempts to answer. But just as there are several different photographic portraits of Bonhoeffer adorning the covers of his books, so are there several possible accounts of his life. At best these complement each other. However not all are factually correct in every respect, and as each is filtered through the lens of the biographer, and contextually determined, so all are subject to bias. Biographies are interpretations written with particular readers in mind and expressing predilections in pursuit of an agenda. With this in mind, this essay critically examines six major Bonhoeffer biographies published in English, namely those by Eberhard Bethge, Mary Bosanquet, Edwin Robertson, Eric Metaxas, Charles Marsh, and Ferdinand Schlingensiepen.
Bonhoeffer the Student
Authors: DeJonge Michael P. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The catalyst in Bonhoeffer’s student theology was his discovery of Karl Barth. Adopting Barth’s focus on revelation brought him into tension with his teachers in Berlin whose theological methods were characterized by, to use Barth’s pejoratives, historicism and psychologism. From the perspective of a theology of revelation, Bonhoeffer criticized his teacher Karl Holl’s theology of conscience and its psychologistic appropriation of Martin Luther. However, Bonhoeffer could not square his conviction about the theological importance of the Church in its historical form with Barth’s then thin account of the relationship between revelation and history. He also discerned in Barth traces of individualistic and epistemologically oriented philosophy, which he thoroughly critiqued. For these reasons, Bonhoeffer cultivated during his student years a social, historical understanding of revelation as Christ’s (inter)personal presence in the church, often drawing insight from Luther, now interpreted Christocentrically rather than in terms of the conscience.
Assessment of Language in Young Children
Authors: Rescorla Leslie A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Language delay is one of the major reasons that young children are referred for developmental or psychological evaluation. When no more primary condition is present, a child with a language delay is diagnosed with specific language impairment, with children ages 2 to 3 usually called late talkers. A vocabulary checklist such as the Language Development Survey (Rescorla, 1989) is an efficient screening tool for identifying language delay in toddlers. Research findings in five major domains of language and communication (gestures/play, phonology/vocalizations, vocabulary, grammar, and pragmatics) are reviewed, as well as standardized and naturalistic methods for assessing development in each domain. It is good clinical practice to screen for psychopathology when conducting a language assessment of young children, even though many preschoolers with language delay do not have significant psychopathology. Findings on associations between language delay and behavioral/emotional problems are reviewed, as well as commonly used rating forms for identifying maladjustment.
Affective Disorders
Authors: Rogers Cynthia , Luby Joan L. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
There is substantial evidence for symptoms of affective distrubances in high-risk infants and toddlers. Significant progress has been made in characterizing and validating clinical depression in the preschool period. Identification of affective disorders in the infancy and preschool periods may be critical to early and potentially more effective intervention. However, the accurate identification of affective disorders in this very young age group is complicated by several factors. A central issue was the basic developmental question of whether the emotional repertoire was itself sufficiently differentiated to encompass true “depressive” and/or “elated” affect during early life. However, empirical studies have shown that many of these emotional capacities are present in early childhood. Further, a significant limitation was the fact that many standard assessment tools failed to describe the developmentally specific manifestations of symptoms, an issue that measures described in this chapter now address. The fact that the symptoms of depressive disorders are internalizing, and therefore less apparent to caregivers, is an obstacle to appropriate referral. For these reasons, an assessment for the symptoms of affective disorders in infants and toddlers should include direct observational play assessment, parental interview that probes for developmental manifestation of affective symptoms and consideration of normative variations in affect that must be distinguished from clinical symptoms.
This chapter will discuss strategies useful for the assessment of affective symptoms and disorders in infants and toddlers. Data supporting major depressive disorder criteria for preschoolers will be reviewed. Case examples of preschool children with depression and a presumptive bipolar subsyndrome will be presented.
Social Processes and Risk for Autism
Authors: Klaiman Cheryl , Saulnier Celine A. , Rubin Emily , Chawarska Katarzyna , Klin Ami 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of early milestones for social development and discusses the markers for social disabilities, such as autism spectrum disorder, that can be identified in children at risk. The principles and elements of a comprehensive clinical evaluation of infants and toddlers at risk for autism spectrum disorder will be discussed, including how to differentiate social disabilities from non–autism spectrum disorder developmental disorders. While some of these principles can build on proven experience in the assessment of older children (Klin, Carter, & Sparrow, 1997), there is an emphasis on unique challenges and opportunities associated with our attempt to intuit, measure, and explain social development at these tender ages (Chawarska, Klin, Paul, Macari, & Volkmar, 2009; Macari et al., 2012; Zwaigenbaum et al., 2009).
Epilogue and Future Directions
Authors: Carter Alice S. , DelCarmen-Wiggins Rebecca 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The second edition of the Oxford Handbook of Infant, Toddler, and Preschool Mental Health Assessment offers historical understandings and highlights recent enhancements in the assessment of infant, toddler, and preschool mental health. Authors present empirical findings across a variety of assessment methods and measures developed to capture variability in normative and psychopathological social-emotional development, including assessments of multiple dimensions of temperament, emotion regulation and dysregulation, behavior problems, social-emotional competencies, diagnostic symptoms, and diagnostic conditions. Notable in this edition is the consensus regarding the importance of identifying and assessing the relevant relational contexts in which early development is fostered. Also emphasized is the need for professionals to enhance their cultural awareness and responsiveness. Finally, greater dissemination of evidence-based young child mental health assessment methods is encouraged, which will require training interdisciplinary professionals in the cultural and domain expertise to identify and evaluate children with and at risk for clinically significant psychopathology.
Introduction
Authors: DelCarmen-Wiggins Rebecca , Carter Alice S. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This chapter introduces the revised volume and notes that the book highlights the most recent empirical data and conceptual developments in the field. Each chapter is introduced within four major sections of the volume including (1) Contextual Factors in Early Assessment; (2) Temperament and Regulation in Assessment of Young Children; (3) Early Problems and Disorders; and (4) Translation and Varied Applied Settings for Assessment. It notes that developmental, social, and cultural contexts in relation to the assessment of early problems and disorders are included in the volume in hopes that the field will continue to generate and empirically test multilevel, systemic models that can be applied to the assessment and understanding of mental disorders in infants, toddlers, preschoolers, and their families.
Historical Background of the Study of Temperament and New Perspectives on Assessment
Authors: Putnam Samuel P. , Gartstein Maria A. , Rothbart Mary K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlthough developmental scientists have acknowledged the importance of early-appearing, relatively stable, biologically rooted individual differences in the behavior of infants and children for nearly 100 years, advances continue to be made in the measurement of temperament. A fundamental challenge in this endeavor concerns the difficulty of assessing the same underlying constructs in persons of different ages because the behaviors that indicate a given trait may change over the life span. Questionnaires and interviews, particularly with parents, are frequently used and can efficiently provide deep and broad information on child behavior, but concerns have been raised regarding bias in reporting. Structured observations allow observation of specific behaviors of individuals in standardized situations, but are often brief and artificial. This chapter describes and critiques the various methodologies used to assess multiple aspects of reactivity and regulation in infants and children and recommends new directions for temperament measurement.
Infant Temperament and Early Self-Regulation
Authors: Tan Patricia , Cole Pamela M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis chapter provides a clinically informed review of the available methods for assessing individual differences in young children’s emotional reactivity and regulation. Self-report and informant report as well as behavioral observations are reviewed in terms of strengths and challenges. The authors highlight the advantages of a multimethod approach for assessing temperamental influences on important developmental outcomes, including emotion regulation. A multimethod approach may produce more reliable measures and, critically, can advance our understanding of the development of emotion regulation and psychopathology. For example, multimethod assessment approaches are more amenable to statistical approaches that can quantify the effects of context on relations between temperament, emotion regulation, and developmental outcomes. If a multimethod approach that combines informant report and behavioral assessment methods is not feasible, it is especially important to choose a questionnaire or behavioral episode that is thought to elicit the temperamental dimensions and emotion regulation skills that are particularly relevant for certain disorders.
Inclusive Music Classrooms and Programs
Authors: Jellison Judith A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article focuses on the musical development of students in inclusive music settings. Five broad guidelines for inclusive music programs are discussed: inclusive programs are those where (1) students with disabilities attend regular music classrooms in their schools, and are not isolated from their peers without disabilities; (2) students with disabilities interact with their same-age, typically developing peers and participate with them in regular music classes and other age-appropriate school music activities; (3) music and music-related goals are flexible and individualized and instruction is not solely based on disability categories; (4) progress is assessed in a variety of contexts; and (5) music teachers, professionals, and parents collaborate in determining what is important for students to learn and ways to incorporate special supports and services into age-appropriate school, home, and community music activities and experiences. The ultimate goal for inclusive music programs is to develop learning environments where students both with and without disabilities participate successfully and happily in meaningful music experiences.
Elders and Music: Empowering Learning, Valuing Life Experience, and Considering the Needs of Aging Adult Learners
Authors: Dabback William M. , Smith David S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEvidence suggests that music participation and learning provides meaningful engagement for elders as well as biological, social, and psychosocial benefits. This article examines important threads in aging, music research, and music education practice with regards to the older adult populations. It presents guiding principles of music teaching and learning for older adults, and examples of programs and models from around the world.
Music and the Arts: As Ubiquitous and Fundamental as the Air We Breathe
Authors: Upitis Rena B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article begins with a brief discussion of music as a ubiquitous art form. It then considers the disconnect between music curriculum and the music enjoyed by students and pre-service teachers. It suggests that if educators ignore the personal connections students have to music, then they are missing an opportunity to expand music literacy beyond the music forms that are already ubiquitous in their lives. Such expansion can help ensure that music is experienced deeply. And it is the deep connections that enable students to develop the sensibilities and skills needed to thrive in the world.