bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coronavirus misinformation and the political scenario: the science cannot be ‘another’ barrier
Authors: Simões Mendes Marcelo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe sensible and conflicting scenario of the pandemic postulated many challenges to societies around the world in 2020. Part of this problem refers to how the differences between politics and science are not comprehended in their particularities. The recognition of limits and power of science and politics can not only contribute to reaching the actions and strategies facing novel coronavirus but also optimized many domains of society.
Identification of potential specific biomarkers and key signaling pathways between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of hBMSCs for osteoporosis therapy
Authors: Wu Jianjun , Cai Peian , Lu Zhenhui , Zhang Zhi , He Xixi , Zhu Bikang , Zheng Li , Zhao Jinmin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into adipogenesis (AD) rather than osteogenesis (OS) is an important pathological feature of osteoporosis. Illuminating the detailed mechanisms of the differentiation of BMSCs into OS and AD would contribute to the interpretation of osteoporosis pathology.MethodsTo identify the regulated mechanism in lineage commitment of the BMSCs into OS and AD in the early stages, the gene expression profiles with temporal series were downloaded to reveal the distinct fates when BMSCs adopt a committed lineage. For both OS and AD lineages, the profiles of days 2–4 were compared with day 0 to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively. Next, the functional enrichment analysis was utilized to find out the biological function, and protein-protein interaction network to predict the central genes. Finally, experiments were performed to verify our finding.ResultsFoxO signaling pathway with central genes like FoxO3, IL6, and CAT is the crucial mechanism of OS, while Rap1 signaling pathway of VEGFA and FGF2 enrichment is more significant for AD. Besides, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway might serve as the latent mechanism about the initiation of differentiation of BMSCs into multiple lineages.ConclusionAbove hub genes and early-responder signaling pathways control osteogenic and adipogenic fates of BMSCs, which maybe mechanistic models clarifying the changes of bone metabolism in the clinical progress of osteoporosis. The findings provide a crucial reference for the prevention and therapy of osteoporosis.
Adipocytes: active facilitators in epithelial ovarian cancer progression?
Authors: Dai Lan , Song Keqi , Di Wen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThere is growing evidence that adipocytes play important roles in the progression of multiple cancers. Moreover, in obesity, adipocytes alter their original functions and contribute to the metabolic and inflammatory changes of adipose tissue microenvironment, which can further enhance tumor development. At present, the roles of adipocytes in the pathogenesis of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are far from being fully elucidated. Herein, we summarized the recent advances in understanding the roles of adipocytes in EOC progression. Adipocytes, close neighbors of EOC tissue, promote EOC growth, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis through adipokine secretion, metabolic remodeling and immune microenvironment modulation. Moreover, adipocytes are important therapeutic targets and may work as useful anticancer drug delivery depot for EOC treatment. Furthermore, adipocytes also act as a therapeutic obstacle for their involvement in EOC treatment resistance. Hence, better characterization of the adipocytes in EOC microenvironment and the crosstalk between adipocytes and EOC cells may provide insights into EOC progression and suggest novel therapeutic opportunities.
Enhanced biosurveillance of high-consequence invasive pests: southern cattle fever ticks, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, on livestock and wildlife
Authors: Wang Hsiao-Hsuan , Grant William E. , Teel Pete D. , Lohmeyer Kimberly H. , A. Pérez de León Adalberto 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Some tick species are invasive and of high consequence to public and veterinary health. Socioeconomic development of rural parts of the USA was enabled partly through the eradication by 1943 of cattle fever ticks (CFT, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus and R. (B.) microplus). The southern cattle fever ticks (SCFT, R. (B.) microplus) remain a real and present threat to the USA animal agriculture because they are established in Mexico. Livestock-wildlife interactions in the Permanent Quarantine Zone (PQZ) established by the century-old Cattle Fever Tick Eradication Programme (CFTEP) in south Texas endanger its operations.

Methods
We describe a spatially-explicit, individual-based model that simulates interactions between cattle, white-tailed deer (WTD, Odocoileus virginianus), and nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) to assess the risk for SCFT infestations across the pathogenic landscape in the PQZ and beyond. We also investigate the potential role of nilgai in sustaining SCFT populations by simulating various hypothetical infestation and eradication scenarios.

Results
All infestation scenarios resulted in a phase transition from a relatively small proportion of the ranch infested to almost the entire ranch infested coinciding with the typical period of autumn increases in off-host tick larvae. Results of eradication scenarios suggest that elimination of all on-host ticks on cattle, WTD, or nilgai would have virtually no effect on the proportion of the ranch infested or on the proportions of different tick habitat types infested; the entire ranch would remain infested. If all on-host ticks were eliminated on cattle and WTD, WTD and nilgai, or cattle and nilgai, the proportions of the ranch infested occasionally would drop to 0.6, 0.6 and 0.2, respectively. Differences in proportions of the ranch infested from year to year were due to primarily to differences in winter weather conditions, whereas infestation differences among tick habitat types were due primarily to habitat use preferences of hosts.

Conclusions
Infestations in nilgai augment SCFT refugia enabled by WTD and promote pest persistence across the landscape and cattle parasitism. Our study documented the utility of enhanced biosurveillance using simulation tools to mitigate risk and enhance operations of area-wide tick management programmes like the CFTEP through integrated tactics for SCFT suppression.
Molluscicidal and parasiticidal activities of Eryngium triquetrum essential oil on Schistosoma mansoni and its intermediate snail host Biomphalaria glabrata, a double impact
Authors: de Carvalho Augusto Ronaldo , Merad Nadjiya , Rognon Anne , Gourbal Benjamin , Bertrand Cédric , Djabou Nassim , Duval David 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Freshwater snails are the intermediate hosts of a large variety of trematode flukes such as Schistosoma mansoni responsible for one of the most important parasitic diseases caused by helminths, affecting 67 million people worldwide. Recently, the WHO Global Vector Control Response 2017–2030 (GVCR) programme reinforced its message for safer molluscicides as part of required strategies to strengthen vector control worldwide. Here, we present the essential oil from Eryngium triquetrum as a powerful product with molluscicide and parasiticide effect against S. mansoni and the snail intermediate host Biomphalaria glabrata.

Methods
In the present study, we describe using several experimental approaches, the chemical composition of E. triquetrum essential oil extract and its biological effects against the snail B. glabrata and its parasite S. mansoni. Vector and the free-swimming larval stages of the parasite were exposed to different oil concentrations to determine the lethal concentration required to produce a mortality of 50% (LC50) and 90% (LC90). In addition, toxic activity of this essential oil was analyzed against embryos of B. glabrata snails by monitoring egg hatching and snail development. Also, short-time exposure to sublethal molluscicide concentrations on S. mansoni miracidia was performed to test a potential effect on parasite infectivity on snails. Mortality of miracidia and cercariae of S. mansoni is complete for 5, 1 and 0.5 ppm of oil extract after 1 and 4 h exposure.

Results
The major chemical component found in E. triquetrum oil determined by GC-FID and GC/MS analyses is an aliphatic polyacetylene molecule, the falcarinol with 86.9–93.1% of the total composition. The LC50 and LC90 values for uninfected snails were 0.61 and 1.02 ppm respectively for 24 h exposure. At 0.5 ppm, the essential oil was two times more toxic to parasitized snails with a mortality rate of 88.8 ± 4.8%. Moderate embryonic lethal effects were observed at the concentration of 1 ppm. Severe surface damage in miracidia was observed with a general loss of cilia that probably cause their immobility. Miracidia exposed 30 min to low concentration of plant extract (0.1 ppm) were less infective with 3.3% of prevalence compare to untreated with a prevalence of 44%.

Conclusions
Essential oil extracted from E. triquetrum and falcarinol must be considered as a promising product for the development of new interventions for schistosomiasis control and could proceed to be tested on Phase II according to the WHO requirements.
The social construction of the social epigenome and the larger biological context
Authors: Deichmann Ute 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEpigenetics researchers in developmental, cell, and molecular biology greatly diverge in their understanding and definitions of epigenetics. In contrast, social epigeneticists, e.g., sociologists, scholars of STS, and behavioural scientists, share a focus and definition of epigenetics that is environmentally caused and trans-generationally inherited. This article demonstrates that this emphasis on the environment and on so-called Lamarckian inheritance, in addition to other factors, reflects an interdisciplinary power struggle with genetics, in which epigenetics appears to grant the social sciences a higher epistemic status. Social scientists’ understanding of epigenetics, thus, appears in part to be socially constructed, i.e., the result of extra-scientific factors, such as social processes and the self-interest of the discipline. This article argues that social epigeneticists make far-reaching claims by selecting elements from research labelled epigenetics in biology while ignoring widely confirmed scientific facts in genetics and cell biology, such as the dependence of epigenetic marks on DNA sequence-specific events, or the lack of evidence for the lasting influence of the environment on epigenetic marks or the epigenome. Moreover, they treat as a given crucial questions that are far from resolved, such as what role, if any, DNA methylation plays in the complex biochemical system of regulating gene activity. The article also points out incorrect perceptions and media hypes among biological epigeneticists and calls attention to an apparent bias among scientific journals that prefer papers that promote transgenerational epigenetic inheritance over articles that critique it. The article concludes that while research labelled epigenetics contributes significantly to our knowledge about chromatin and the genome, it does not, as is often claimed, rehabilitate Lamarck or overthrow the fundamental biological principles of gene regulation, which are based on specific regulatory sequences of the genome.
Heterogeneous wireless IoT architecture for natural disaster monitorization
Authors: Porte Joaquim , Briones Alan , Maso Josep Maria , Pares Carlota , Zaballos Agustin , Pijoan Joan Lluis 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA heterogeneous sensor network offers an extremely effective means of communicating with the international community, first responders, and humanitarian assistance agencies as long as affected populations have access to the Internet during disasters. When communication networks fail in an emergency situation, a challenge emerges when emergency services try to communicate with each other. In such situations, field data can be collected from nearby sensors deploying a wireless sensor network and a delay-tolerant network over the region to monitor. When data has to be sent to the operations center without any telecommunication infrastructure available, HF, satellite, and high-altitude platforms are the unique options, being HF with Near Vertical Incidence Skywave the most cost-effective and easy-to-install solution. Sensed data in disaster situations could serve a wide range of interests and needs (scientific, technical, and operational information for decision-makers). The proposed monitorization architecture addresses the communication with the public during emergencies using movable and deployable resource unit technologies for sensing, exchanging, and distributing information for humanitarian organizations. The challenge is to show how sensed data and information management contribute to a more effective and timely response to improve the quality of life of the affected populations. Our proposal was tested under real emergency conditions in Europe and Antarctica.
Solvability and algorithms of generalized nonlinear variational-like inequalities in reflexive Banach spaces
Authors: Gao Haiyan , Wang Lili , Zhao Liangshi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper deals with solvability and algorithms for a new class of generalized nonlinear variational-like inequalities in reflexive Banach spaces. By employing the Banach’s fixed point theorem, Schauder’s fixed point theorem, and FanKKM theorem, we obtain a sufficient condition which guarantees the existence of solutions for the generalized nonlinear variational-like inequality. We introduce also an auxiliary variational-like inequality and, by utilizing the minimax inequality, get the existence and uniqueness of solutions for the auxiliary variational-like inequality, which is used to suggest an iterative algorithm for solving the generalized nonlinear variational-like inequality. Under certain conditions, by means of the auxiliary principle technique, we both establish the existence and uniqueness of solutions for the generalized nonlinear variational-like inequality and discuss the convergence of iterative sequences generated by the iterative algorithm. Our results extend, improve, and unify several known results in the literature.
Nonlinear nonhomogeneous Dirichlet problems with singular and convection terms
Authors: Papageorgiou Nikolaos S. , Zhang Youpei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe consider a nonlinear Dirichlet problem driven by a general nonhomogeneous differential operator and with a reaction exhibiting the combined effects of a parametric singular term plus a Carathéodory perturbation $f(z,x,y)$
f
(
z
,
x
,
y
)
which is only locally defined in $x \in {\mathbb {R}} $
x
∈
R
. Using the frozen variable method, we prove the existence of a positive smooth solution, when the parameter is small.
A note on time-fractional Navier–Stokes equation and multi-Laplace transform decomposition method
Authors: Eltayeb Hassan , Bachar Imed , Abdalla Yahya T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, the double Laplace Adomian decomposition method and the triple Laplace Adomian decomposition method are employed to solve one- and two-dimensional time-fractional Navier–Stokes problems, respectively. In order to examine the applicability of these methods some examples are provided. The presented results confirm that the proposed methods are very effective in the search of exact and approximate solutions for the problems. Numerical simulation is used to sketch the exact and approximate solution.
Categorizing Malware via A Word2Vec-based Temporal Convolutional Network Scheme
Authors: Sun Jiankun , Luo Xiong , Gao Honghao , Wang Weiping , Gao Yang , Yang Xi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAs edge computing paradigm achieves great popularity in recent years, there remain some technical challenges that must be addressed to guarantee smart device security in Internet of Things (IoT) environment. Generally, smart devices transmit individual data across the IoT for various purposes nowadays, and it will cause losses and impose a huge threat to users since malware may steal and damage these data. To improve malware detection performance on IoT smart devices, we conduct a malware categorization analysis based on the Kaggle competition of Microsoft Malware Classification Challenge (BIG 2015) dataset in this article. Practically speaking, motivated by temporal convolutional network (TCN) structure, we propose a malware categorization scheme mainly using Word2Vec pre-trained model. Considering that the popular one-hot encoding converts input names from malicious files to high-dimensional vectors since each name is represented as one dimension in one-hot vector space, more compact vectors with fewer dimensions are obtained through the use of Word2Vec pre-training strategy, and then it can lead to fewer parameters and stronger malware feature representation. Moreover, compared with long short-term memory (LSTM), TCN demonstrates better performance with longer effective memory and faster training speed in sequence modeling tasks. The experimental comparisons on this malware dataset reveal better categorization performance with less memory usage and training time. Especially, through the performance comparison between our scheme and the state-of-the-art Word2Vec-based LSTM approach, our scheme shows approximately 1.3% higher predicted accuracy than the latter on this malware categorization task. Additionally, it also demonstrates that our scheme reduces about 90 thousand parameters and more than 1 hour on the model training time in this comparison.
The scope and extent of literature that maps threats to species: a systematic map protocol
Authors: Ridley Francesca Anne , McGowan Philip JK , Mair Louise 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe rate of anthropogenic biodiversity loss far exceeds the background rate of species extinctions. Global targets for biodiversity acknowledge this, nevertheless progress towards targets has been poor. There is now a reasonable understanding of what human pressures threaten the survival of species. However, information on where these threats are impacting species is needed to coordinate conservation actions and threat abatement efforts. Herein, threats are defined as human-driven pressures specifically where they co-occur with, and threaten the survival of, native wild species. There is a large number of studies that map either distributions of threatened species or human-driven pressures alone. This makes it difficult to identify research that has investigated the spatial distribution of the threats themselves. Additionally, the high variability in approaches taken in these studies promotes a high risk of duplication and diversity among the findings. This variation, and the lack of studies directly mapping threats, limits the utility of threat mapping studies for conservation planning and informing policy. Therefore, a systematic consolidation of the literature is necessary to identify where knowledge is lacking, and where sufficient evidence exists for synthesis of the collective findings.MethodsThis protocol details the process for a systematic mapping exercise aiming to identify studies that map threats to species across the world. For a study to be included it should present spatially explicit data on both the occurrence of species and the human-driven pressures threatening them. A range of peer-reviewed and grey literature repositories will be searched in English for literature published 2000–2020, followed by one iteration of backward snowballing. A three-stage screening process will be implemented before data are extracted on geographic coverage, taxonomic extent, and threats investigated. Data on the threats studied will be categorised using the threat classification scheme used by the IUCN Red List to allow comparisons among studies and to identify unrepresented threats. The extracted data will be analysed and visualised to describe the extent of existing knowledge. The resulting database of studies, findings from descriptive analyses, and accompanying narrative synthesis, will be made publicly available.
Epidemiology and risk factors of rectal colonization of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae among high-risk patients from ICU and HSCT wards in a university hospital
Authors: Yan Li , Sun Jide , Xu Xiuyu , Huang Shifeng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Nosocomial carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterieceae (CPE) infections constitute a major global health concern and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Rectal colonization with CPE is a risk factor for bacterial translocation leading to subsequent endogenous CPE infections. This prospective observational study was aimed to investigate the prevalence and epidemiology of rectal colonization of CPE, the carbapenemase genotypes, and to identify the independent risk factors for the acquisition of CPE colonization in high-risk patients from ICU and HSCT wards in a university hospital in China.

Methods
In a prospective cohort study, 150 fecal samples from rectal swabs were consecutively obtained for inpatients from the intensive care unit (ICU) and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) wards from November 2018 to May 2019, and screening test for CPE was conducted by using prepared in-house trypsin soybean broth (TSB) selective media and MacConkey agar. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the broth microdilution method and carbapenemase genes were characterized by both the GeneXpert Carba-R and PCR for blaKPC, blaNDM, blaIMP, blaVIM and blaOXA. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) was employed to characterize the genetic relationships among the carbapenemase-producing K. Pneumonia (CPKP) isolates. In order to further investigate the risk factors and clinical outcomes of CPE colonization, a prospective case-control study was also performed.

Results
Twenty-six suspected CPE strains, including 17 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 6 Escherichia coli, 1 Citrobacter freundii, 1 Enterobacter Kobe, and 1 Raoultella ornithinolytica, were identified in 25 non-duplicated rectal swab samples from 25 patients, with a carriage rate of 16.67% (25/150). Through GeneXpert Carba-R and subsequent PCR and sequencing, all the suspected CPE isolates were identified to be positive for the carbapenemase genes, of which 17 were blaKPC-carriers, and another 9 were blaNDM-producers. MLST designated all the CPKP isolates to be ST11 clone. Multivariate analysis indicated that urinary system diseases, operation of bronchoscopy, and combined use of antibiotics were independent risk factors for acquiring CPE colonization in high-risk patients from the ICU and HSCT wards.

Conclusions
This study revealed a high prevalence of rectal CPE colonization in high-risk patients from ICU and HSCT wards, and a predominant colonization of the KPC-producing K. pneumoniae clone ST11. Stricter infection control measures are urgently needed to limit the dissemination of CPE strains, especially in patients who were afflicted by urinary system diseases, have underwent bronchoscopy, and were previously exposed to combined antibiotic use.