bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applications of gut microbiota in patients with hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation
Authors: Yu Jifeng , Sun Hao , Cao Weijie , Han Lijie , Song Yongping , Wan Dingming , Jiang Zhongxing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStudies of the gut microbiota (GM) have demonstrated the close link between human wellness and intestinal commensal bacteria, which mediate development of the host immune system. The dysbiosis, a disruption of the microbiome natural balance, can cause serious health problems. Patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) may cause significant changes in GM due to their underlying malignancies and exposure to extensive chemotherapy and systemic antibiotics, which may lead to different disorders. There are complex and multi-directional interactions among intestinal inflammation, GM and immune reactivity after HSCT. There is considerable effect of the human intestinal microbiome on clinical course following HSCT. Some bacteria in the intestinal ecosystem may be potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for preventing relapse and improving survival rate after HSCT. Microbiota can be used as predictor of mortality in allo-HSCT. Two different strategies with targeted modulation of GM, preemptive and therapeutic, have been used for preventing or treating GM dysbiosis in patients with HSCT. Preemptive strategies include enteral nutrition (EN), prebiotic, probiotic, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and antibiotic strategies, while therapeutic strategies include FMT, probiotic and lactoferrine usages. In this review, we summarize the advance of therapies targeting GM in patients with HSCT.
Protein synthesis inhibitors stimulate MondoA transcriptional activity by driving an accumulation of glucose 6-phosphate
Authors: Wilde Blake R. , Kaadige Mohan R. , Guillen Katrin P. , Butterfield Andrew , Welm Bryan E. , Ayer Donald E. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Protein synthesis is regulated by the availability of amino acids, the engagement of growth factor signaling pathways, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels sufficient to support translation. Crosstalk between these inputs is extensive, yet other regulatory mechanisms remain to be characterized. For example, the translation initiation inhibitor rocaglamide A (RocA) induces thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP). TXNIP is a negative regulator of glucose uptake; thus, its induction by RocA links translation to the availability of glucose. MondoA is the principal regulator of glucose-induced transcription, and its activity is triggered by the glycolytic intermediate, glucose 6-phosphate (G6P). MondoA responds to G6P generated by cytoplasmic glucose and mitochondrial ATP (mtATP), suggesting a critical role in the cellular response to these energy sources. TXNIP expression is entirely dependent on MondoA; therefore, we investigated how protein synthesis inhibitors impact its transcriptional activity.

Methods
We investigated how translation regulates MondoA activity using cell line models and loss-of-function approaches. We examined how protein synthesis inhibitors effect gene expression and metabolism using RNA-sequencing and metabolomics, respectively. The biological impact of RocA was evaluated using cell lines and patient-derived xenograft organoid (PDxO) models.

Results
We discovered that multiple protein synthesis inhibitors, including RocA, increase TXNIP expression in a manner that depends on MondoA, a functional electron transport chain and mtATP synthesis. Furthermore, RocA and cycloheximide increase mtATP and G6P levels, respectively, and TXNIP induction depends on interactions between the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) and hexokinase (HK), which generates G6P. RocA treatment impacts the regulation of ~ 1200 genes, and ~ 250 of those genes are MondoA-dependent. RocA treatment is cytotoxic to triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines and shows preferential cytotoxicity against estrogen receptor negative (ER−) PDxO breast cancer models. Finally, RocA-driven cytotoxicity is partially dependent on MondoA or TXNIP.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that protein synthesis inhibitors rewire metabolism, resulting in an increase in mtATP and G6P, the latter driving MondoA-dependent transcriptional activity. Further, MondoA is a critical component of the cellular transcriptional response to RocA. Our functional assays suggest that RocA or similar translation inhibitors may show efficacy against ER− breast tumors and that the levels of MondoA and TXNIP should be considered when exploring these potential treatment options.
Cooperative co-evolution for feature selection in Big Data with random feature grouping
Authors: Rashid A. N. M. Bazlur , Ahmed Mohiuddin , Sikos Leslie F. , Haskell-Dowland Paul 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA massive amount of data is generated with the evolution of modern technologies. This high-throughput data generation results in Big Data, which consist of many features (attributes). However, irrelevant features may degrade the classification performance of machine learning (ML) algorithms. Feature selection (FS) is a technique used to select a subset of relevant features that represent the dataset. Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are widely used search strategies in this domain. A variant of EAs, called cooperative co-evolution (CC), which uses a divide-and-conquer approach, is a good choice for optimization problems. The existing solutions have poor performance because of some limitations, such as not considering feature interactions, dealing with only an even number of features, and decomposing the dataset statically. In this paper, a novel random feature grouping (RFG) has been introduced with its three variants to dynamically decompose Big Data datasets and to ensure the probability of grouping interacting features into the same subcomponent. RFG can be used in CC-based FS processes, hence calledCooperative Co-Evolutionary-Based Feature Selection with Random Feature Grouping (CCFSRFG). Experiment analysis was performed using six widely used ML classifiers on seven different datasets from the UCI ML repository and Princeton University Genomics repository with and without FS. The experimental results indicate that in most cases [i.e., with naïve Bayes (NB), support vector machine (SVM),k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN), J48, and random forest (RF)] the proposed CCFSRFG-1 outperforms an existing solution (a CC-based FS, called CCEAFS) and CCFSRFG-2, and also when using all features in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity.
Analysis of patients’ request to switch from a generic drug to the original drug in external prescriptions
Authors: Hamada Yuhei , Uchida Masashi , Arai Sayaka , Yamazaki Kaori , Takeda Mariko , Arai Kenichi , Nakamura Takako , Suzuki Takaaki , Ishii Itsuko 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundGeneric drugs are heavily promoted in Japan. The aim of this retrospective single-center study was to clarify whether the frequency and reason that patients request a switch from a generic drug to the original drug differ according to therapeutic category and dosage form.MethodsThis study was performed at Chiba University Hospital. Prescription inquiries about 121 generic drugs from community pharmacies over a 3-year period (from July 2014 to June 2017) were analyzed.ResultsApproximately 30% of the requests were related to the efficacy, safety, and comfort of the generic drug. The most cited motive was “patient’s desire with no reason given” at 44.5%. According to multiple logistic regression analysis, therapeutic categories and dosage forms were associated with the requests. The median request frequency differed according to therapeutic category and dosage form. The frequency was highest for “agents affecting the central nervous system” and “tablets and capsules”, respectively. Among the therapeutic categories, “agents affecting the central nervous system” had the highest median number of requests related to “decreased effectiveness”; “cardiovascular agents” had the highest median number of requests related to “physician’s instruction”; and “agents for the epidermis” had the highest median number of requests related to “uncomfortable to use”. Among dosage forms, the odds ratio for patients’ original drug request for “liniment and patch” was about 1.5 times that for “tablets and capsules”. “Liniment and patch” had the highest median frequency of requests related to “decreased effectiveness”, “uncomfortable to use”, and “patient’s desire with no reason given”.ConclusionsThe request frequency and reason differed according to therapeutic category and dosage form. Pharmacists should advise each patient properly about the choice and switching of drug brands, taking into account the therapeutic category and dosage form, especially liniments and patches.
An exploratory analysis on the toxicity & safety profile of Polyherbal combination of curcumin, quercetin and rutin
Authors: Tiwari Reshu , Siddiqui Mohammed Haris , Mahmood Tarique , Farooqui Alvina , Bagga Paramdeep , Ahsan Farogh , Shamim Arshiya 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Curcumin, quercetin and rutin are flavonoids having strong antioxidant potential, individually used in treatment of numerous ailments. The safety assessment of each of them is already established but no toxicological assessment has been done that would guarantee the safe use of these three flavonoids when used as a polyherbal combination (PHC). The aim of this study to evaluate the possible toxicological effect of polyherbal combination of these three flavonoids in female Swiss albino mice.

Methods
In acute toxicity study, the oral dose of poly herbal combination was administered to four groups stepwise in single dose and general behaviour, adverse effects and mortality were determined up to 14 days and compared to normal group. In sub-acute study, the tested poly herbal combination was administered orally for 28 days to the four experimental groups and their body weight was measured each alternate day from the first day of dosing. On 29th day the final body weight was recorded and euthanized by using thiopentone sodium, blood was collected and later haematological, lipid profile, biochemical parameter was evaluated and compared to normal group.

Result
In acute toxicity study, no abnormal general behaviour, adverse effects were reported. No significant changes were reported in body weight, haematological, lipid profile, biochemical parameter in sub-acute toxicity study. No mortality was reported in both the study. Histopathological examination revealed no alterations in clinical signs or organ weight at any dose.

Conclusion
The result concludes that the oral administration of Polyherbal combination did not produce any significant toxic effect in swiss albino mice. Hence, the Polyherbal combination can be utilized safely for therapeutic use.
Efficacy of an Arabic articulatory errors remediation software program in patients with velopharyngeal valve dysfunction: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Elmaghraby Reham Mohamed , Elhakeem Engy Samy , Radwan Alaa Mamdouh abdelhamed , Elsalakawy Rami Nabil Abdelkader 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Velopharyngeal dysfunction causes abnormal speech due to altered nasal resonance during the production of oral speech sounds. The development of computer-based speech therapy has been growing to make use of computer technology in providing an organized effective source for speech therapy and feedback. The development of a remediation software program that is specific for patients with velopharyngeal dysfunction in the Arabic language and testing its efficacy on patients’ speech was the aim of this study.

Results
The study showed significant improvement in speech parameters after intervention with p value less than 0.05 for nasometer values and parameters of auditory perceptual assessment. The study proved a significant relation between nasometer values and auditory perceptual assessment.

Conclusion
The designed software program proved to be a good therapeutic tool in improving speech in patients with velopharyngeal dysfunction. The application of the program on a larger number of patients and in comparison with traditional methods of speech therapy and biofeedback is recommended.

Trial registration
The study was retrospectively registered at www.clinicaltrials.govNCT04392817
Cognitive and Motor Outcome in Patients with Early-Detected Central Congenital Hypothyroidism Compared with Siblings
Authors: Naafs Jolanda C , Marchal Jan Pieter , Fliers Eric , Verkerk Paul H , Luijten Michiel A J , Boelen Anita , van Trotsenburg A S Paul , Zwaveling-Soonawala Nitash 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Context
Early treatment of primary congenital hypothyroidism (CH) prevents irreversible brain damage. Contrary to primary CH, outcome studies on central CH are scarce. Most patients with central CH have multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies (MPHD); these patients are also at risk for neonatal hypoglycemia.

Objective
To assess cognitive and motor outcome in patients with early-treated central CH detected by the Dutch neonatal screening.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, primary outcome full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) was measured in patients with MPHD and patients with isolated central CH born between January 1, 1995, and January 1, 2015, with siblings as controls. Secondary outcomes were intelligence test subscales and motor function. Linear mixed models were used to compare both patient groups and siblings, followed by post hoc tests in case of significant differences.

Results
Eighty-seven patients (52 MPHD; 35 isolated central CH) and 52 siblings were included. Estimated marginal means for FSIQ were 90.7 (95% CI 86.4-95.0) in patients with MPHD and 98.2 (95% CI 93.0-103.5) in patients with isolated central CH. While patients with MPHD scored lower FSIQs than siblings (mean difference –7.9 points, 95% CI –13.4 to –2.5; P = .002), patients with isolated central CH did not. Processing speed was lower in both patient groups than in siblings (mean differences –10.5 and –10.3 points). Motor difficulties occurred significantly more often in patients (33%) versus siblings (5%; P = .004).

Conclusion
In early-treated central CH, FSIQ is comparable with siblings in patients with isolated central CH, while patients with MPHD have a significantly lower FSIQ. This may be explained by disease-specific consequences of MPHD, such as neonatal hypoglycemia and more severe hypothyroidism.
Structural plasticity of the avian pectoralis: a case for geometry and the forgotten organelle
Authors: Jimenez Ana Gabriela 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
The avian pectoralis muscle demonstrates incredible plasticity. This muscle is the sole thermogenic organ of small passerine birds, and many temperate small passerines increase pectoralis mass in winter, potentially to increase heat production. Similarly, this organ can double in size prior to migration in migratory birds. In this Commentary, following the August Krogh principle, I argue that the avian pectoralis is the perfect tissue to reveal general features of muscle physiology. For example, in both mammals and birds, skeletal muscle fiber diameter is generally accepted to be within 10–100 µm. This size constraint is assumed to include reaction-diffusion limitations, coupled with metabolic cost savings associated with fiber geometry. However, avian muscle fiber structure has been largely ignored in this field, and the extensive remodeling of the avian pectoralis provides a system with which to investigate this. In addition, fiber diameter has been linked to whole-animal metabolic rates, although this has only been addressed in a handful of bird studies, some of which demonstrate previously unreported levels of plasticity and flexibility. Similarly, myonuclei, which are responsible for protein turnover within the fiber, have been forgotten in the avian literature. The few studies that have addressed myonuclear domain (MND) changes in avian muscle have found rates of change not previously seen in mammals. Both fiber diameter and MND have strong implications for aging rates; most aging mammals demonstrate muscular atrophy (a decrease in fiber diameter) and changes in MND. As I discuss here, these features are likely to differ in birds.
Emperors, admirals and giants, zebras, tigers and woolly bears: casting a broader net in exploring heparin effects on Lepidoptera wing patterns
Authors: Sourakov Andrei 
Published: December 2020

Background:Studies of heparin effects on Lepidoptera wing patterns have been restricted to a small number of species. I report observations from experiments on a broader range of taxa, including first results from swallowtails, tiger moths and microlepidoptera.Methods:Heparin injections were made in prepupae and pupae ofJunonia coenia(common buckeyes),Agraulis vanillae(gulf fritillaries),Heliconius charithonia(zebra longwings),Asterocampa clyton(tawny emperors), Danaus plexippus(monarchs),Vanessa atalanta(red admirals);Heraclides cresphontes(giant swallowtails),Pterourus troilus(spicebush swallowtails),Protographium marcellus(zebra swallowtails),Battus polydamas(polydamas swallowtails);Hypercompe scribonia(giant leopard moths),Estigmene acrea(acrea moths),Hyphantria cunea(fall webworm moths), Utetheisa ornatrix(ornate bella moths);Glyphodes sibillalis(mulberry leaftier).Results:Heparin sometimes altered the entire pattern in a dramatic way, sometimes caused changes locally.In buckeyes, the previous heparin study conducted on pupae was compared to injections made at a prepupal stage. In gulf fritillaries, zebra longwings and tawny emperors, the dramatic changes occurred throughout their wings, while in monarchs, changes were restricted to wing margins. Changes achieved in red admirals, show that heparin action is unrelated to the original color. In swallowtails, transformations were restricted to border system, indicating higher levels of stability and compartmentalization of wing patterns. In mulberry leaftier, changes were restricted to the marginal bands. In tiger moths, elongation of black markings led to merging of spots; in the ornate bella moth, it was accompanied by an expansion of the surrounding white bands, and results were compared to the effects of colder temperatures.Conclusions:Using pharmaceutical intervention demonstrates that there are many similarities and some very significant differences in the ways wing patterns are formed in different Lepidoptera lineages. By creating a range of variation one can demonstrate how one pattern can easily evolve into another, aiding in understanding of speciation and adaptation processes.
A novel antimicrobial coating to prevent periprosthetic joint infection
Authors: Ramalhete Rita , Brown Robyn , Blunn Gordon , Skinner John , Coathup Melanie , Graney Ian , Sanghani-Kerai Anita 
Published: December 2020

Aims Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a debilitating condition with a substantial socioeconomic burden. A novel autologous blood glue (ABG) has been developed, which can be prepared during surgery and sprayed onto prostheses at the time of implantation. The ABG can potentially provide an antimicrobial coating which will be effective in preventing PJI, not only by providing a physical barrier but also by eluting a well-known antibiotic. Hence, this study aimed to assess the antimicrobial effectiveness of ABG when impregnated with gentamicin and stem cells. Methods Gentamicin elution from the ABG matrix was analyzed and quantified in a time-dependent manner. The combined efficiency of gentamicin and ABG as an anti-biofilm coating was investigated on titanium disks. Results ABG-gentamicin was bactericidal from 10 μg/ml and could release bactericidal concentrations over seven days, preventing biofilm formation. A concentration of 75 μg/ml of gentamicin in ABG showed the highest bactericidal effect up to day 7. On titanium disks, a significant bacterial reduction on ABG-gentamicin coated disks was observed when compared to both uncoated (mean 2-log reduction) and ABG-coated (mean 3-log reduction) disks, at days 3 and 7. ABG alone exhibited no antimicrobial or anti-biofilm properties. However, a concentration of 75 μg/ml gentamicin in ABG sustains release over seven days and significantly reduced biofilm formation. Its use as an implant coating in patients with a high risk of infection may prevent bacterial adhesion perioperatively and in the early postoperative period. Conclusion ABG’s use as a carrier for stem cells was effective, as it supported cell growth. It has the potential to co-deliver compatible cells, drugs, and growth factors. However, ABG-gentamicin’s potential needs to be further justified using in vivo studies. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(12):848–856.
Hip preservation surgery and the acetabular fossa
Authors: Slullitel Pablo A. , Coutu Daniel , Buttaro Martin A. , Beaule Paul Edgar , Grammatopoulos George 
Published: December 2020

As our understanding of hip function and disease improves, it is evident that the acetabular fossa has received little attention, despite it comprising over half of the acetabulum’s surface area and showing the first signs of degeneration. The fossa’s function is expected to be more than augmenting static stability with the ligamentum teres and being a templating landmark in arthroplasty. Indeed, the fossa, which is almost mature at 16 weeks of intrauterine development, plays a key role in hip development, enabling its nutrition through vascularization and synovial fluid, as well as the influx of chondrogenic stem/progenitor cells that build articular cartilage. The pulvinar, a fibrofatty tissue in the fossa, has the same developmental origin as the synovium and articular cartilage and is a biologically active area. Its unique anatomy allows for homogeneous distribution of the axial loads into the joint. It is composed of intra-articular adipose tissue (IAAT), which has adipocytes, fibroblasts, leucocytes, and abundant mast cells, which participate in the inflammatory cascade after an insult to the joint. Hence, the fossa and pulvinar should be considered in decision-making and surgical outcomes in hip preservation surgery, not only for their size, shape, and extent, but also for their biological capacity as a source of cytokines, immune cells, and chondrogenic stem cells.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(12):857–869.
Effect of ADC parameters on neural network based chaotic optical communication
Authors: Yang Zhao , Ke Junxiang , Hu Weisheng , Yi Lilin 
Published: December 2020

The performance of traditional chaotic optical communications depends on the matching parameters of the chaotic transmitter and receiver. The chaotic receiver based on the neural network (NN) can solve the dependence on matching parameters, but the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) has an effect on the decryption performance. In this paper, the effects of sampling rate and digitalizing bit for ADC on NN-based chaotic optical communication systems with different feedback strengths at different bit rates are numerically studied. The results show that the requirements for ADC will be higher if the feedback becomes stronger. In order to achieve higher speed chaotic optical communications, the ADC with higher performance is needed. These results can give guidance for the applications of NN-based high-speed chaotic optical communication systems.