bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outpatient fluoroquinolone prescribing patterns before and after US FDA boxed warning
Authors: Bratsman Andrew , Mathias Kristen , Laubscher Rory , Grigoryan Larissa , Rose Stacey 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesFluoroquinolones are routinely overprescribed for uncomplicated urinary tract infection (uUTI), acute sinusitis, and acute bronchitis. In 2016, the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) updated the boxed warning on fluoroquinolones, recommending against their use as first‐line agents for the routine pharmacologic management of uUTI, acute sinusitis, and acute bronchitis in patients who have other treatment options. The primary objective of this study was to determine if the 2016 expanded boxed warning was associated with decreased fluoroquinolone prescription rates for these three diagnoses.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed antibiotics prescribed at a single, large, academic outpatient center for these three diagnoses between January 2013 and May 2018. Interrupted time series analysis was used to compare the rate of fluoroquinolone prescriptions before and after the May 2016 FDA boxed warning.ResultsA total of 10 087 antibiotic prescriptions for these three diagnoses were examined. There was no significant change in fluoroquinolone prescription rates after the FDA boxed warning. The majority of inappropriate fluoroquinolone prescriptions were given for the management of uUTI.ConclusionThe 2016 US FDA boxed warning against fluoroquinolone use for uUTI, acute sinusitis, and acute bronchitis was not associated with a statistically significant reduction in the rate of fluoroquinolone prescriptions for these diagnoses. Additional research is needed to define how US FDA boxed warnings may be incorporated into broader antibiotic stewardship programs to decrease overuse of fluoroquinolones and avoid adverse effects of the drug class, including Clostridioides difficile infections and emergence of resistant organisms.
Phase I Single‐Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Balance and Aerobic Training in Degenerative Cerebellar Disease
Authors: Barbuto Scott , Martelli Dario , Isirame Omofuma , Lee Nancy , Bishop Laurie , Kuo Sheng‐Han , Agrawal Sunil , Lee Seonjoo , O'Dell Michael , Stein Joel 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionPrimary deficits in individuals with cerebellar degeneration include ataxia, unstable gait, and incoordination. Balance training is routinely recommended to improve function whereas little is known regarding aerobic training.ObjectiveTo determine the feasibility of conducting a randomized trial comparing balance and aerobic training in individuals with cerebellar degeneration.DesignAssessor blinded randomized control phase I trial.SettingAssessments in medical center, home training.ParticipantsTwenty participants with cerebellar degeneration were randomized to home balance or aerobic training.InterventionAerobic training consisted of 4 weeks of stationary bicycle training, five times per week for 30‐minute sessions. Home balance training consisted of performing the same duration of easy, moderate, and/or hard exercises.Outcome MeasuresScale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA), maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), Dynamic Gait Index, Timed Up and Go, gait speed.ResultsAll 20 participants completed assigned training with no major adverse events. Seven of each group attained target training duration, frequency, and intensity. Although both groups had significant improvements in ataxia severity, balance, and gait measures, there were greater improvements in individuals who performed aerobic training in ataxia severity and maximal oxygen consumption when compared to balance training. The effect size for these outcome measures was determined to be large, indicating a phase II trial comparing the benefits of aerobic and balance training was feasible and required 26 participants per group. Improvements in SARA score and VO2max remained in the aerobic training group at 3 months posttraining, but these improvements were trending back to baseline. In contrast, all balance group measures for pretraining and 3 months posttraining were statistically similar.ConclusionsA phase II trial comparing balance and aerobic training in individuals with cerebellar degeneration is feasible. Benefits trended back toward baseline after training stopped, although benefits of longer duration exercise programs still need to be determined.
Unconditional performance of the X¯ chart: Comparison among five standard deviation estimators
Authors: Faria Sobue Cassio Eduardo , Jardim Felipe Schoemer , Camargo Victor Claudio Bento , Lizarelli Fabiane Leticia , Oprime Pedro Carlos 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo design the
control chart, the in‐control process mean and standard deviation must be estimated from historical samples, negatively affecting the chart's performance. The grand mean of a sample is the well‐established estimator for the process mean. However, regarding the standard deviation, the chart's user has at least five different estimators available in the literature to choose from. In this paper, using intensive simulations, we study and compare the performance of the
chart (under normality assumption and three‐sigma limits) among the most five used standard deviation estimators. The unconditional in‐control run length (RL0) is the most commonly used performance measure of a control chart, and many authors base their comparisons on the expectation of the RL0 or on the mean square error of the estimators. In contrast, we based our comparison on the proportions of the RL0 concentrated at some intervals that are usually considered undesired by the practitioner due to the high incidence of false alarms during the process monitoring (e.g., RL0 between 1 and 200), occurring earlier than expected when compared with known parameter situations. From our results, all the studied standard deviation estimators generate similar performances. However, even with this similarity, we showed that one of the most recommended standard deviation estimators in the literature in control charts with estimated parameters may be the most inappropriate choice based on the undesired RL0 proportions.
Plug&Play Fiber‐Coupled 73 kHz Single‐Photon Source Operating in the Telecom O‐Band
Authors: Musiał Anna , Żołnacz Kinga , Srocka Nicole , Kravets Oleh , Große Jan , Olszewski Jacek , Poturaj Krzysztof , Wójcik Grzegorz , Mergo Paweł , Dybka Kamil , Dyrkacz Mariusz , Dłubek Michał , Lauritsen Kristian , Bülter Andreas , Schneider Philipp‐Immanuel , Zschiedrich Lin , Burger Sven , Rodt Sven , Urbańczyk Wacław , Sęk Grzegorz , Reitzenstein Stephan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA user‐friendly, fiber‐coupled, single‐photon source operating at telecom wavelengths is a key component of photonic quantum networks providing long‐haul, ultra‐secure data exchange. To take full advantage of quantum‐mechanical data protection and to maximize the transmission rate and distance, a true quantum source providing single photons on demand is highly desirable. This great challenge is tackled by developing a ready‐to‐use semiconductor quantum‐dot‐based device that launches single photons at a wavelength of 1.3 µm directly into a single‐mode optical fiber. In the proposed approach, the quantum dot is deterministically integrated into a nanophotonic structure to ensure efficient on‐chip coupling into a fiber. The whole arrangement is integrated into a 19ʺ compatible housing to enable stand‐alone operation by cooling via a compact Stirling cryocooler. The realized source delivers single photons with a multiphoton events probability as low as 0.15 and a single‐photon emission rate of up to 73 kHz into a standard telecom single‐mode fiber.
Random cancers as supported by registry data
Authors: Stare Janez , Henderson Robin , Gorenjec Nina Ružić 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThere has been considerable interest in recent years in quantifying the rate of unavoidable or so‐called random cancers, as opposed to cancers linked to environmental, genetic or other factors. We propose a data‐based approach to estimate an upper limit to this probability, based on an analysis of multiple registry data. The argument is that the cumulative hazards for random cancers cannot exceed the minimum reliable cumulative hazard observed across the registries. We propose a Monte Carlo method to identify this upper limit and apply the method to data on nine different cancers recorded by 423 registries. We compare our values with estimates obtained from a random mutations argument.
Two decades of live coding and debugging of virtual machines through simulation
Authors: Ingalls Daniel , Miranda Eliot , Béra Clément , Gonzalez Boix Elisa 
Published: May 2020

SummaryOpenSmalltalk‐VM is a virtual machine (VM) for languages in the Smalltalk family (eg, Squeak and Pharo), which is itself written in a subset of Smalltalk that can easily be translated to C. VM development is done in Smalltalk, an activity we call “simulation.” The production VM is then derived by translating the core VM code to C. As a result, two execution models coexist: simulation, where the Smalltalk code is executed on top of a Smalltalk VM, and production, where the same code is compiled to an executable through a C compiler. The whole VM execution can be simulated: the heap is represented as a huge byte array, the VM code is executed as Smalltalk, and the native code generated by the just‐in‐time (JIT) compiler is executed by a processor simulator. All the Smalltalk development tools, such as the debugger, are then available while simulating. In addition, in simulation, it is also possible to use debugging features such as single stepping in the machine code generated by the JIT compiler. The Smalltalk development tools combined with the simulation debugging features provide developers with a productive environment in which to extend and debug the VM. In this article, we detail the VM simulation infrastructure and report our experiences developing and debugging VM features within it such as the garbage collector and the JIT compiler.
Regulation of size and scale in vertebrate spinal cord development
Authors: Kuzmicz‐Kowalska Katarzyna , Kicheva Anna 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAll vertebrates have a spinal cord with dimensions and shape specific to their species. Yet how species‐specific organ size and shape are achieved is a fundamental unresolved question in biology. The formation and sculpting of organs begins during embryonic development. As it develops, the spinal cord extends in anterior–posterior direction in synchrony with the overall growth of the body. The dorsoventral (DV) and apicobasal lengths of the spinal cord neuroepithelium also change, while at the same time a characteristic pattern of neural progenitor subtypes along the DV axis is established and elaborated. At the basis of these changes in tissue size and shape are biophysical determinants, such as the change in cell number, cell size and shape, and anisotropic tissue growth. These processes are controlled by global tissue‐scale regulators, such as morphogen signaling gradients as well as mechanical forces. Current challenges in the field are to uncover how these tissue‐scale regulatory mechanisms are translated to the cellular and molecular level, and how regulation of distinct cellular processes gives rise to an overall defined size. Addressing these questions will help not only to achieve a better understanding of how size is controlled, but also of how tissue size is coordinated with the specification of pattern.This article is categorized under:
Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Regulation of Size, Proportion, and Timing
Signaling Pathways > Global Signaling Mechanisms
Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: General Principles
Emotion and Gender Typicality Cue Sexual Orientation Differently in Women and Men
Authors: Bjornsdottir R. Thora , Rule Nicholas O. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHeterosexual individuals tend to look and act more typical for their gender compared to gay and lesbian individuals, and people use this information to infer sexual orientation. Consistent with stereotypes associating happy expressions with femininity, previous work found that gay men displayed more happiness than straight men—a difference that perceivers used, independent of gender typicality, to judge sexual orientation. Here, we extended this to judgments of women’s sexual orientation. Like the gender-inversion stereotypes applied to men, participants perceived women’s faces manipulated to look angry as more likely to be lesbians; however, emotional expressions largely did not distinguish the faces of actual lesbian and straight women. Compared to men’s faces, women’s faces varied less in their emotional expression (appearing invariably positive) but varied more in gender typicality. These differences align with gender role expectations requiring the expression of positive emotion by women and prohibiting the expression of femininity by men. More important, greater variance within gender typicality and emotion facilitates their respective utility for distinguishing sexual orientation from facial appearance. These findings thus provide the first evidence for contrasting cues to women’s and men’s sexual orientation and suggest that gender norms may uniquely shape how men and women reveal their sexual orientation.
Student Characteristics in the Eyes of Teachers: Differences Between Novice and Expert Teachers in Judgment Accuracy, Observed Behavioral Cues, and Gaze
Authors: Seidel Tina , Schnitzler Katharina , Kosel Christian , Stürmer Kathleen , Holzberger Doris 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe present study investigates teacher diagnostic skills when observing student engagement and inferring to underlying student characteristic profiles. Five student profiles as empirically determined in previous studies are selected: three incoherent (overestimating, uninterested, and underestimating) and two coherent (strong and struggling) profiles. Teacher professional vision and underlying assumptions about processes of noticing and reasoning about the chosen diagnostic situation serve as a conceptual basis. In the empirical study (N = 41 participants), it is investigated to what extent expert and novice teachers differ with regard to judgment accuracy of underlying student profiles, observed student cues used for judgment, and teacher gaze as perceptual indicator. The study task involved observing a video clip and diagnosing five marked students based on their underlying profiles. First, findings of the study suggest that expert teachers are more accurate in judging incoherent profiles compared to novices. Second, both novices as well as experts state valid behavioral cues when inferring from student engagement to underlying student profile. Third, experts spend more teacher gaze on student profiles which might need adaptive pedagogical action (struggling, underestimating, uninterested student). The study provides first evidence on teacher gaze during the professional task of diagnosing individual students in the process of teaching. Regarding the conceptual model of teacher professional vision teacher gaze can serve as an additional operationalization of the noticing component of teacher professional vision.
An Assessment of the Relationship Between Daylight Saving Time, Disruptions in Sleep Patterns and Dwelling Fires
Authors: Kountouris Yiannis 
Published: May 2020

AbstractResidential fires pose threats to living environments, generating costs to health and property. Understanding the roles of human behavior and social organization in determining fire occurrence is important for developing strategies to manage fire risk. This paper tests the impact of daylight saving time (DST) transitions on dwelling fire occurrence. DST transitions affect sleep patterns, impairing human cognitive and motor performance, potentially influencing the incidence of dwelling fires. Employing a regression discontinuity design with time as the running variable and using data from over 260,000 primary dwelling fires that took place in the U.K. over 8 years we do not find evidence suggesting that DST transitions impact on dwelling fire occurrence. For both the start of DST and end of DST transitions, estimated effects is quantitatively small and statistically insignificant. Results suggest that disruptions in sleep patterns induced by DST are not a driver of dwelling fires in the U.K.
A 5* Destination: the Creation of New Transnational Moral Spaces of Remembrance on TripAdvisor
Authors: Buckley-Zistel Susanne , Williams Timothy 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this article, we demonstrate how the digital sphere and individual contributions within it add to a process of worldmaking by creating a new transnational moral order that reinforces notions of a transnational humanity and shared values. Specifically, tourists’ interactions in the digital sphere create a new moral space—in our analysis on the internet platform TripAdvisor.com—where they comment on their particular experience when visiting memorial sites of atrocities such as mass violence or genocide. This article contributes to approaches that see dark tourism not in terms of voyeurism or amorality but instead as a constituent part of moral meaning-making in individuals’ experiences of post-genocide spaces, expanding these arguments from the material visits of the tourists to their discussions in the digital sphere. This is affected by—yet at the same time contributes to and thus perpetuates—the transnationalisation of memory by which the way we remember and commemorate is increasingly becoming similar on a global scale. This transnationalisation is both forwarded by and constitutive of the digital sphere in which we study it. Empirically, this article draws on visitor reviews that were posted on the travel website TripAdvisor regarding the dark tourism sites Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, and Kigali Genocide Memorial in Kigali, Rwanda, expanding our understanding of responses to these memorial sites into the digital sphere.
Real-world safety of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation with contact force or cryoballoon ablation
Authors: Natale Andrea , Mohanty Sanghamitra , Goldstein Laura , Gomez Tara , Hunter Tina D. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Real-world data can help medical administrators, physicians, and payers make evidence-based decisions regarding treatment choices. The objective of this study was to compare real-world safety outcomes with the latest catheter technologies used for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods
The Vizient Health Systems database, a large US hospital database, was used to compare acute complications in AF ablation with the contact force sensing THERMOCOOL SMARTTOUCH® Catheter or the THERMOCOOL SMARTTOUCH® SF Catheter (ST) versus the second-generation Arctic Front Advance™ Cryoablation Catheter (CB2) between September 2015 and June 2017. The primary outcome was a composite safety endpoint of acute ablation-related complications defined via ICD-10 diagnosis and procedure codes, including tamponade and other pericardial events, respiratory complications, stroke, cerebral or pre-cerebral occlusion/stenosis without infarction, vascular access complications, hemorrhage, phrenic nerve injury, myocardial infarction, and pulmonary embolism.

Results
In total, 1473 ablations met all inclusion criteria (407 ST, 1066 CB2). Ablations for paroxysmal AF (PAF) had a lower complication rate than ablations for persistent AF (PsAF) (6.1% vs. 7.3%), as did ablations with ST compared with CB2 within each AF type (PAF 6.0% vs. 6.1%, PsAF 6.3% vs. 7.8%). Neither ablation catheter nor AF type was statistically significant after controlling for site volume, patient age, and comorbid conditions (ST vs. CB2: OR 0.86, p = 0.5544; PsAF vs. PAF: OR 1.08, p = 0.7376).

Conclusion
Acute ablation-related complication rates were low and were not significantly associated with catheter technology. Increased risk of complication was attributable to low-volume sites and baseline patient characteristics.
Assessing healthcare service quality using routinely collected data: Linking information systems in emergency care
Authors: Dormann Harald , Eder Patrick Andreas , Gimpel Henner , Meindl Oliver , Rashid Asarnusch , Regal Christian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEmergency departments need to continuously calculate quality indicators in order to perform structural improvements, improvements in the daily routine, and ad-hoc improvements in everyday life. However, many different actors across multiple disciplines collaborate to provide emergency care. Hence, patient-related data is stored in several information systems, which in turn makes the calculation of quality indicators more difficult. To address this issue, we aim to link and use routinely collected data of the different actors within the emergency care continuum. In order to assess the feasibility of linking and using routinely collected data for quality indicators and whether this approach adds value to the assessment of emergency care quality, we conducted a single case study in a German academic teaching hospital. We analyzed the available data of the existing information systems in the emergency continuum and linked and pre-processed the data. Based on this, we then calculated four quality indicators (Left Without Been Seen, Unplanned Reattendance, Diagnostic Efficiency, and Overload Closure). Lessons learned from the calculation and results of the discussions with staff members that had multiple years of work experience in the emergency department provide a better understanding of the quality of the emergency department, the related challenges during the calculation, and the added value of linking routinely collected data.
Textural Quantification and Classification of Drill Cores for Geometallurgy: Moving Toward 3D with X-ray Microcomputed Tomography (µCT)
Authors: Guntoro Pratama Istiadi , Ghorbani Yousef , Butcher Alan R. , Kuva Jukka , Rosenkranz Jan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTexture is one of the critical parameters that affect the process behavior of ore minerals. Traditionally, texture has been described qualitatively, but recent works have shown the possibility to quantify mineral textures with the help of computer vision and digital image analysis. Most of these studies utilized 2D computer vision to evaluate mineral textures, which is limited by stereological error. On the other hand, the rapid development of X-ray microcomputed tomography (µCT) has opened up new possibilities for 3D texture analysis of ore samples. This study extends some of the 2D texture analysis methods, such as association indicator matrix (AIM) and local binary pattern (LBP) into 3D to get quantitative textural descriptors of drill core samples. The sensitivity of the methods to textural differences between drill cores is evaluated by classifying the drill cores into three textural classes using methods of machine learning classification, such as support vector machines and random forest. The study suggested that both AIM and LBP textural descriptors could be used for drill core classification with overall classification accuracy of 84–88%.