bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiac findings in pediatric patients with spinal muscular atrophy types 2 and 3
Authors: Djordjevic Stefan A. , Milic‐Rasic Vedrana , Brankovic Vesna , Kosac Ana , Vukomanovic Goran , Topalovic Mirko , Marinkovic Dejan , Mladenovic Jelena , Pavlovic Andrija S. , Bijelic Maja , Djukic Milan , Markovic‐Denic Ljiljana 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt is unclear whether the heart is affected in pediatric patients with milder forms of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Therefore, we aimed to determine the presence of any cardiac abnormalities in these patients.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study of children and adolescents with SMA types 2 and 3 between July 2018 and July 2019. All patients underwent a comprehensive cardiac evaluation, including history‐taking, physical examination, electrocardiography, echocardiography, measurement of cardiac biomarkers (cardiac troponin T [cTnT] and N‐terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide [NT‐proBNP]), and 24‐hour Holter monitoring.ResultsIn total, 42 patients were enrolled (27 and 15 with SMA type 2 and 3, respectively). No patient had structural heart disease, except for one with mitral valve prolapse. None had signs of ventricular dysfunction on echocardiography. Both cTnT and NT‐proBNP levels were normal in all patients. Electrocardiography showed sinus tachycardia in seven patients (16.7%), and prolonged P‐R interval in one (2.4%). Holter monitoring detected benign ventricular arrhythmias in two patients (4.8%), and rare supraventricular premature beats in one. The mean 24‐hour heart rate was elevated in six patients (14.3%), whereas both the minimum 24‐hour heart rate and the maximum R‐R interval were increased in 23 (54.8%).DiscussionThe prevalence of cardiac disease in pediatric patients with SMA types 2 and 3 is low; however, these patients may have increased resting heart rates. A complete cardiac history and physical examination are a useful screen. Additional cardiac investigations may be performed as needed.
The International Continence Society (ICS) report on the terminology for male lower urinary tract surgery
Authors: Abranches‐Monteiro Luis , Hamid Rizwan , D'Ancona Carlos , Alhasso Ammar , Dmochowski Roger , Ecclestone Hazel , Haylen Bernard , Mousa Riyad Al , Onur Rahmi , Shah Shahzad , Vasudeva Pawan , Oelke Matthias 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionIn the development of terminology of the lower urinary tract (LUT), due to its increasing complexity, the terminology for male LUT surgery needs to be updated using a male‐specific approach and via a clinically‐based consensus report.MethodsThis report combines the input of members of the Standardization Committee of the International Continence Society in a Working Group with recognized experts in the field, assisted by many external referees. Appropriate core clinical categories and a subclassification were developed to give a numeric coding to each definition. An extensive process of 14 rounds of internal and external review was developed to exhaustively examine each definition, with decision‐making by collective opinion (consensus).ResultsA Terminology Report for male LUT and pelvic floor surgery, encompassing 149 separate definitions/descriptors, has been developed. It is clinically‐based with the most common diagnoses defined. Clarity and user‐friendliness have been key aims to make it interpretable by practitioners and trainees in male LUT surgery. Figures have not been included to avoid any preference or bias towards a specific procedure.ConclusionsA consensus‐based Terminology Report for male LUT surgery has been produced aimed at being a significant aid to clinical practice and a stimulus for research.
White Adipose Tissue Surface Expression of LDLR and CD36 is Associated with Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes in Adults with Obesity
Authors: Cyr Yannick , Bissonnette Simon , Lamantia Valérie , Wassef Hanny , Loizon Emmanuelle , Ngo Sock Emilienne T. , Vidal Hubert , Mayer Gaétan , Chrétien Michel , Faraj May 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveHuman conditions with upregulated receptor uptake of low‐density lipoproteins (LDL) are associated with diabetes risk, the reasons for which remain unexplored. LDL induce metabolic dysfunction in murine adipocytes. Thus, it was hypothesized that white adipose tissue (WAT) surface expression of LDL receptor (LDLR) and/or CD36 is associated with WAT and systemic metabolic dysfunction. Whether WAT LDLR and CD36 expression is predicted by plasma lipoprotein‐related parameters was also explored.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional analysis of 31 nondiabetic adults (BMI > 25 kg/m2) assessed for WAT surface expression of LDLR and CD36 (immunohistochemistry), WAT function, WAT and systemic inflammation, postprandial fat metabolism, and insulin resistance (IR; hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp).ResultsFasting WAT surface expression of LDLR and CD36 was negatively associated with WAT function (3H‐triglyceride storage, r = −0.45 and −0.66, respectively) and positively associated with plasma IL‐1 receptor antagonist (r = 0.64 and 0.43, respectively). Their expression was suppressed 4 hours postprandially, and reduced LDLR was further associated with IR (M/Iclamp, r = 0.61 women, r = 0.80 men). Plasma apolipoprotein B (apoB)‐to‐PCSK9 ratio predicted WAT surface expression of LDLR and CD36, WAT dysfunction, WAT NLRP3 inflammasome priming and disrupted cholesterol‐sensing genes, and systemic IR independent of sex and body composition.ConclusionsHigher fasting and lower postprandial WAT surface expression of LDLR and CD36 is associated with WAT dysfunction, systemic inflammation, and IR in adults with overweight/obesity, anomalies that are predicted by higher plasma apoB‐to‐PCSK9 ratio.
The Impact of COVID‐19 Stay‐At‐Home Orders on Health Behaviors in Adults
Authors: Flanagan Emily W. , Beyl Robbie A. , Fearnbach S. Nicole , Altazan Abby D. , Martin Corby K. , Redman Leanne M. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveStay‐at‐home orders in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic have forced abrupt changes to daily routines. This study assessed lifestyle changes across different BMI classifications in response to the global pandemic.MethodsThe online survey targeting adults was distributed in April 2020 and collected information on dietary behaviors, physical activity, and mental health. All questions were presented as “before” and “since” the COVID‐19 pandemic.ResultsIn total, 7,753 participants were included; 32.2% of the sample were individuals with normal weight, 32.1% had overweight, and 34.0% had obesity. During the pandemic, overall scores for healthy eating increased (P < 0.001), owing to less eating out and increased cooking (P < 0.001). Sedentary leisure behaviors increased, while time spent in physical activity (absolute time and intensity adjusted) declined (P < 0.001). Anxiety scores increased 8.78 ± 0.21 during the pandemic, and the magnitude of increase was significantly greater in people with obesity (P ≤ 0.01). Weight gain was reported in 27.5% of the total sample compared with 33.4% in participants with obesity.ConclusionsThe COVID‐19 pandemic has produced significant health effects, well beyond the virus itself. Government mandates together with fear of contracting the virus have significantly impacted lifestyle behaviors alongside declines in mental health. These deleterious impacts have disproportionally affected individuals with obesity.
Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Metastatic Cancer Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Inpatient Setting
Authors: Durbin Sienna M. , Zubiri Leyre , Niemierko Andrzej , Bardia Aditya , Sullivan Ryan J. , McEwen Corey , Mulvey Therese M. , Allen Ian M. , Lawrence Donald P. , Cohen Justine V. , Hochberg Ephraim P. , Ryan David P. , Petrillo Laura A. , Reynolds Kerry L. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
As indications for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy have increased in recent years, so has the proportion of patients eligible for this type of therapy. However, a lack of data exists about the risks and benefits of ICI therapy in hospitalized patients, who tend to be frailer and sicker than patients enrolled in clinical trials.

Material and Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study among hospitalized patients with metastatic solid tumors who received ICI therapy at a large academic cancer center over the course of 4 years. We analyzed the characteristics and outcomes of these patients and identified demographic and clinical factors that could be used to predict mortality.

Results
During the 4-year study period, 106 patients were treated with ICI therapy while admitted to the hospital; 70 (66%) had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status ≥2, which would have prevented them from enrolling in most clinical trials of ICIs. Fifty-two patients (49%) died either during admission or within 30 days of discharge; median overall survival was 1.0 month from discharge, and 16 patients (15%) were alive 6 months after discharge. Independent predictors of death following receipt of inpatient ICI included a diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer relative to melanoma and prior treatment with two or more lines of therapy.

Conclusion
The poor overall outcomes observed in this study may give clinicians pause when considering ICI therapy for hospitalized patients, particularly those with characteristics that are associated with a greater risk of mortality.

Implications for Practice
Immunotherapy strategies for patients with cancer are rapidly evolving and their use is expanding, but not all patients will develop a response, and secondary toxicity can be significant and challenging. This is especially evident in hospitalized patients, where the economic cost derived from inpatient immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) administration is important and the clinical benefit is sometimes unclear. The poor overall outcomes evidenced in the ICI inpatient population in this study highlight the need to better identify the patients that will respond to these therapies, which will also help to decrease the financial burden imposed by these highly priced therapies.
FDA Supplemental Approval Summary: Lenvatinib for the Treatment of Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Nair Abhilasha , Reece Kelie , Donoghue Martha B. , Yuan Weishi (Vivian) , Rodriguez Lisa , Keegan Patricia , Pazdur Richard 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

On August 16, 2018, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved lenvatinib (Lenvima, Eisai Inc.) for first-line treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Approval was based on an international, multicenter, randomized, open-label, noninferiority trial (REFLECT; NCT01761266) conducted in 954 patients with previously untreated metastatic or unresectable HCC. Patients were randomized (1:1) to receive lenvatinib (12 mg orally once daily for patients with a baseline body weight ≥60 kg and 8 mg orally once daily for patients with a baseline body weight &lt;60 kg) or sorafenib (400 mg orally twice daily) until radiological disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. REFLECT demonstrated that lenvatinib was noninferior but not statistically superior to sorafenib for overall survival (OS; hazard ratio, [HR] 0.92; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 0.79–1.06), with median OS of 13.6 and 12.3 months in the lenvatinib and sorafenib arms, respectively. REFLECT also demonstrated statistically significant improvements in investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS; HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.57–0.77]; p &lt; 0.001), corresponding to median PFS of 7.4 and 3.7 months and overall response rate of 24.1% vs 9.2% per modified RECIST for HCC (mRECIST) in the lenvatinib and sorafenib arms, respectively. Consistent results were observed by an independent review facility per RECISTv1.1 and per mRECIST. The most common adverse reactions observed in the lenvatinib-treated patients (≥20%) in decreasing frequency were hypertension, fatigue, diarrhea, decreased appetite, arthralgia/myalgia, decreased weight, abdominal pain, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome, proteinuria, dysphonia, hemorrhagic events, hypothyroidism, and nausea.

Implications for Practice
This article describes the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's review of data from a single trial, REFLECT, that supported the approval of lenvatinib, as a single agent, for the first-line treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). REFLECT was an open-label, noninferiority trial that randomized 954 patients with HCC who were ineligible for liver-directed therapy with no prior systemic therapy for HCC to lenvatinib or sorafenib. REFLECT demonstrated that lenvatinib-treated patients had similar survival, more responses, and longer time to progression than those receiving sorafenib. Serious side effects were more common among lenvatinib-treated patients. Lenvatinib is an effective treatment for patients with previously untreated HCC.
Combined resistance and aerobic exercise intervention improves fitness, insulin resistance and quality of life in survivors of childhood haemopoietic stem cell transplantation with total body irradiation
Authors: Davis Nikki L. , Tolfrey Keith , Jenney Meriel , Elson Ruth , Stewart Claire , Moss Andrew D. , Cornish Jacqueline M. , Stevens Michael C. G. , Crowne Elizabeth C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effects of a supervised combined resistance and aerobic training programme on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, insulin resistance and quality of life (QoL) in survivors of childhood haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with total body irradiation (TBI).ParticipantsHSCT/TBI survivors (n = 20; 8 females). Mean (range) for age at study and time since HSCT/TBI was 16.7 (10.9‐24.5) and 8.4 (2.3‐16.0) years, respectively.MethodsAfter a 6‐month run‐in, participants undertook supervised 45‐ to 60‐minute resistance and aerobic training twice weekly for 6 months, with a 6‐month follow‐up. The following assessments were made at 0, 6 (start of exercise programme), 12 (end of exercise programme) and 18 months: Body composition via dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), cardiorespiratory fitness (treadmill‐based peak rate of oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) test), QoL questionnaires (36‐Item Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36) and Minneapolis‐Manchester Quality of Life Instrument (MMQL).ResultsResults expressed as mean (standard deviation) or geometric mean (range). There were significant improvements in VO2 peak (35.7 (8.9) vs 41.7 (16.1) mL/min/kg, P = 0.05), fasted plasma insulin (16.56 (1.48‐72.8) vs 12.62 (1.04‐54.97) mIU/L, P = 0.03) and HOMA‐IR (3.65 (0.30‐17.26) vs 2.72 (0.22‐12.89), P = 0.02) after the exercise intervention. There were also significant improvements in the SF‐36 QoL general health domain (69.7 (14.3) vs 72.7 (16.0), P = 0.001) and the MMQL school domain (69.1 (25.2) vs (79.3 (21.6), P = 0.03) during the exercise intervention. No significant changes were observed in percentage body fat, fat mass or lean mass.ConclusionThe supervised 6‐month combined resistance and aerobic exercise programme significantly improved cardiorespiratory fitness, insulin resistance and QoL in childhood HSCT/TBI survivors, with no change in body composition, suggesting a metabolic training effect on muscle. These data support a role for targeted physical rehabilitation services in this group at high risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Designing stapled peptides to inhibit protein‐protein interactions: An analysis of successes in a rapidly changing field
Authors: Bluntzer Marie T. J. , O'Connell James , Baker Terry S. , Michel Julien , Hulme Alison N. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTwo decades after their discovery, stapled peptide methodologies have evolved to a point where they can be used with confidence to generate therapeutic leads. Research groups across the world are testing innovative methodologies for their design, with dozens of publications released every month. A number of stapled peptide drug candidates have recently entered clinical trials. In this review, we provide an overview of successful methods for their construction, highlight trends in the deposited crystal structures of stapled peptide complexed to their targets and discuss properties that contribute towards improved pharmacological profiles.
Calculation of information entropies for the 1s2 state of helium‐like ions
Authors: Nasser Ibraheem , Zeama Mostafa , Abdel‐Hady Afaf 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis work presents analytical and numerical results for the position‐ and momentum‐space information entropies of the 1s2 state of helium‐like ions using different interaction potentials. The potentials that we used are the Yukawa potential and the exponential‐cosine‐screened Coulomb potential. The investigated studies allow us to relate the position‐space information with the momentum‐space information of Shannon and Fisher, as well as Shannon entropy power and the Fisher‐Shannon information product, through different famous relations. The calculation is performed using the one‐electron charge density of entangled two‐parameter wavefunction. On one hand, the results that are presented for 10 members in the helium isoelectronic sequence demonstrate with precision the effect of correlation on bare charge distributions. On the other hand, it leads to some very important results for both the correlated and uncorrelated values of the informatic entropies. Analytical formulas for the momentum‐space information entropies are given. The effect of the nuclear charge and the screening parameter on the information expressions has been studied for both potentials. Detailed computational and numerical values and characteristics of these information quantities, as a function of the screening parameter, are reported here for the first time. New inequality has been proposed with Fisher's total value to measure the correlation of two electrons.
Attractive ellipsoid design for robust sliding‐mode observation error in stochastic nonlinear discrete‐time systems
Authors: Velázquez David , Poznyak Alex 
Published: October 2020

SummaryIn this paper the observation process of stochastic discrete‐time nonlinear system is analyzed. The system to be observed is assumed to be uncertain, but fulfilling the global "quasi‐Lipschitz" condition and is subjected to stochastic input and output disturbances of a white noise type. The combination of a traditional Luenberger residual term with a discontinuous one is considered. The designing of the best observer gain matrices is realized by using the Robust Attractive Ellipsoid Method for the analysis of the averaged observation error. The construction of this attractive ellipsoid is based on the numerical solution of some matrix optimization problem under specific constraints of Bilinear and Linear Matrix Inequalities (BMI's and LMI's) type applied to improve the attractiveness zone estimation. Two numerical xamples illustrate the effectiveness of the suggested approach.
Event‐triggered anti‐disturbance attitude control for rigid spacecrafts with multiple disturbances
Authors: Cao Songyin , Guo Lei , Ding Zhengtao 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThis article is devoted to the problem of attitude control for rigid spacecraft subject to multiple disturbances. Due to the limited communication and storage resource, an event‐triggered anti‐disturbance attitude control approach is proposed for the attitude control system (ACS) with multiple disturbances. Different from some existing event‐triggered attitude control methods, the multiple disturbances are considered and can be divided into an uncertain modeled disturbance and a norm bounded equivalent disturbance. A disturbance observer is designed to estimate the modeled disturbance. Based on the framework of disturbance observer‐based control, the proposed event‐triggered anti‐disturbance controller can guarantee that the ACS converges toward a small invariant set, which successfully avoids continuous communication and Zeno phenomenon. Finally, simulation results are given to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach.
Internalized Carbon Dots for Enhanced Extracellular Electron Transfer in the Dark and Light
Authors: Liu Shurui , Yi Xiaofeng , Wu Xuee , Li Qingbiao , Wang Yuanpeng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCellular internalization of nanomaterials to endow cells with more functionalities is highly desirable. Herein, a straightforward strategy for internalizing red‐emission carbon dots (CDs) into Shewanella xiamenensis is proposed. This suggests that the internalized CDs not only afford enhanced conductivity of bacteria but also trigger the cellular physiological response to secrete abundant electron shuttles to aid the boosting of extracellular electron transfer (EET) efficiency. Additionally, once illuminated, internalized CDs can also serve as light absorbers to allow for photogenerated electrons to be transferred into cellular metabolism to further facilitate light‐enhanced EET processes. Specifically, the findings advance the fundamental understanding of the interaction between internalized carbon‐based semiconductor and cells in the dark and light, and provide a facile and effective strategy for enhancing EET efficiency.
Poly(ADP‐ribose) glycohydrolase silencing‐mediated H2B expression inhibits benzo(a)pyrene‐induced carcinogenesis
Authors: Zeng Zhuoying , Lu Jingjing , Wu Desheng , Zuo Ran , Li Yuxi , Huang Haiyan , Yuan Jianhui , Hu Zhangli 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPoly(ADP‐ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) as a main enzyme hydrolyzing poly(ADP‐ribose) in eukaryotes, and its silencing can inhibit benzo(a)pyrene (BaP)‐induced carcinogenesis. A thorough understanding of the mechanism of PARG silenced inhibition of BaP‐induced carcinogenesis provides a new therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of environmental hazard induced lung cancer. We found that the expression of several subtypes of the histone H2B was downregulated in BaP‐induced carcinogenesis via PARG silencing as determined by label‐free proteomics and confirmed by previous cell line‐ and mouse model‐based studies. Analysis using the GEPIA2 online tool indicated that the transcription levels of H2BFS, HIST1H2BD, and HIST1H2BK in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tissues and squamous cell lung carcinoma (LUSC) tissues were higher than those in normal lung tissues, while the transcription levels of HIST1H2BH in LUSC tissues were higher than those in normal lung tissues. The expression levels of HIST1H2BB, HIST1H2BH, and HIST1H2BL were significantly different in different lung cancer (LC) stages. Moreover, the expression of H2BFS, HIST1H2BD, HIST1H2BJ, HIST1H2BK, HIST1H2BL, HIST1H2BO, HIST2H2BE, and HIST2H2BF was positively correlated with that of PARG in LC tissues. Analysis of the Kaplan‐Meier plotter database indicated that high H2B levels predicted low survival in all LC patients suggesting that H2B could be a new biomarker for determining the prognosis of the LC, and that its expression can be inhibited by PARG silencing in BaP‐induced carcinogenesis.