bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of apple food matrix on plasma flavan-3-ols distribution and nutrigenomic profile in response to a nutritional challenge in minipigs
Authors: Monfoulet Laurent-Emmanuel , Buffiere Caroline , Istas Geoffrey , Dufour Claire , Bourvelec Carine le , Mercier Sylvie , Bayle Dominique , Boby Céline , Remond Didier , Borel Patrick , Rodriguez-Mateos Ana , Milenkovic Dragan , Morand Christine 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFood matrix is known to interact with some dietary constituents and microconstituents during digestion. These interactions may potentially affect the metabolism and bioavailability of some compounds, and as a consequence modulate their biological effects. In this context, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of apple food matrix on the bioavailability of flavan-3-ols and on the ability of these compounds to modulate the nutrigenomic response to a high fat challenge in minipigs.Adult male Yucatan minipigs (n = 5) were assigned to a random treatment sequence of high-fat meals non supplemented or supplemented with 250 g of raw apple, 250 g of apple puree or 1.4 g of apple polyphenols extract, with a 7-days washout period between each treatment. Each supplementation provided 155 mg flavan-3-ol monomers. At each treatment period, fasting- and 1h-, 2h-, 3h-postprandial blood samples were collected, and the concentration in flavan-3-ol monomers was measured on hydrolyzed serum, using UPLC-Q-TOF MS. The ability of apple-derived products to modulate the postprandial gene expression profile was assessed and compared in circulating PBMCs collected at 3 h after consumption of the four tested meals using a microarray analysis.Results show that the apple matrix did not affect the kinetic of the postprandial absorption of flavan-3-ol monomers. The total flavan-3-ols concentrations measured at peak were significantly higher in the extract (x1.75), suggesting an impact of the apple matrix on flavan-3-ols absorption. However, no significant difference in total flavanols was observed between raw apple and apple puree.Principal Component Analysis of the microarray data from PBMCs identified three distinct clusters of gene expression patterns: one corresponding to gene expression profiles after the high-fat meal, one for meal supplemented with raw apples or apple puree, and a third cluster for meal supplemented with polyphenol extract. A set of 309 genes was identified as differentially expressed by apple-derived products compared to high-fat meal alone, including 93 modulated with the three apple products. The variations in gene expression were similar for only 75% of the 93 genes, suggesting that the apple matrix affects the nutrigenomic response to flavan-3-ols. A bioinformatics analysis revealed that genes affected by apple-derived products are involved in inflammation and leukocyte transendothelial migration, suggesting a beneficial impact of apple-derived products.In conclusion, these results raise awareness for considering the impact of food matrix on the biological responsiveness of polyphenols in future nutritional studies.
Food and Nutrient Intake over the Course of the Menstrual Cycle - Cycles Iceland
Authors: Birgisdóttir Bryndis Eva , Gunnlaugsson Geir , Vitzhum Virginia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroduction:In Iceland there are extreme seasonal differences in natural light. How these might affect the physiology of young women is largely unknown and prompted The Cycles-Iceland study. Both seasonal differences and the menstrual cycle have been suggested to affect womeńs food consumption and therefore nutrient intake. The aim of this part of the Cycles-Iceland study was to investigate food consumption and nutrient intake at different time points of the year and over the menstrual cycle.Materials and methods:In total 23 young women, mean (SD) age 31.6 (5.5) years, gave six 24-h dietary recalls each. These were given at the start, middle and at the end of one menstrual cycle, in both summer and winter seasons. The women were asked about various background factors while other lifestyle habits were also measured such as physical activity and sleep and light exposure. The women also gave biological samples, blood spots, urine and saliva for evaluation of hormonal and immune biomarkers.Results:The group scored above average on a healthy diet evaluation, based on the Icelandic Food Based Dietary Guidelines. First crude results indicate difference in choice of certain food items and therefore nutrient intake ex. sugar (p < 0.001) and fiber intake (p < 0.010), depending on the position in menstrual cycle. Difference in food choices were also seen between winter and summer time (p < 0.04).Discussion:Food and nutrient intake seems to be affected by the position of women in their menstrual cycle. Whether this might be related to hormonal status, inflammatory factors and other lifestyle factors needs further investigation. The results from Cycles-Iceland will contribute to better understanding of metabolic and health effects of natural seasonal cycles in the northern hemisphere.
Yeast beta-Glucan effects on gut microbiota for regulating insulin signaling system on alzheimer's disease
Authors: Mengdai Xu , Xiaoxing Mo , Hao Huang , Liegang Liu , Wei Yang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroduction:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease for dementia in adults. The main pathological alterations are extracellular senile plaque deposits, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and neuronal apoptosis. Recent researches indicated that T2D is closely with AD by insulin resistance in central nerves system progression. Nevertheless, the pathological mechanism remains unclear and treatment is limited. β-glucan extracted from yeast, as a dietary fiber with high bioactivity, edible, good taste and easy-obtainable, have been showed abilities such as anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and prebiotic. Based on this, β-glucan can reduce insulin resistance and maintain gut microbiota thereby alleviating lesions of early AD.Materials and Methods:In this study, we used 36 male wild-type C57BL/6J mice were divided to 3 groups (control (C) mice injected i.c.v. with 0.9% saline as a vehicle, mice injected i.c.v. with Aβ1–42 (Aβ1–42 group), mice injected with Aβ1–42 and soluble yeast β-glucan 100 mg/kg body weight by oral gavage daily (o.g.) for 5 wks (Aβ1–42 + Glu)). H&E method was detected for structure of hippocampus. Morris water maze test was performed to assess the cognitive performance of Aβ-infusion mice. The microbiota composition was analyzed by 16sRNA sequencing. The levels of inflammatory were measured in hippocampal and plasma by Meso-scale Discovery (MSD). Western blot was performed to detect the level of protein in insulin signaling pathway. One-way ANNOVA with Student-Newman-Keuls was applied for the data analysis through SPSS software version 22.0.Results:As demonstrated by H&E sections, β-glucan reduced neuron damage in AD mice hippocampus. Decreased the levels of Aβ and phosphorylation of Tau protein expression in hippocampus (P < 0.05) and ameliorated insulin resistance (p-IRS-1) in hippocampus (P < 0.05). According by results from MSD and Western-blot that showed TNF-α (P < 0.05), phosphorylated JNK (P < 0.01) and Tau were up-regulated in AD but β-glucan group decreased. In addition, the abundance of beneficial bacteria in β-glucan mice is increased (g_Alistipes, g_Rikeenella and g_Saccharibecteria genera incerae sedies).Discussion:Summary, this study illustrated that β-glucan regulated insulin signaling for ameliorating learning and memory deficit in AD. Due to β-glucan can not pass Blood-Brain-Barrier, we hypothesized that β-glucan could regulates gut microbiota by metabolites for ameliorating neuron damage. Our study provides new ideas for the prevention of AD.
Comparison between self-reported and measured anthropometric data of energy intake under-reporters: 2015 Healthy Survey of São Paulo
Authors: Batista Lais Duarte , de França Natasha Aparecida Grande , Leme Ana Carolina Barco , Molina Marcela Riccioppo Garcez , Martini Lígia Araújo , Fisberg Regina Mara 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionMisreporting in adults has been associated with socioeconomic and anthropometric characteristics, such as sex, age and weight status. Body Mass Index (BMI) is an important factor that has been associated with underreporting of energy intake. Many epidemiological studies often use self-reported values of height and weight, in order to reduce the cost and viability of population-base studies. Therefore, it is important to test the reliability of self-reported against measured values of height, weight and BMI in individuals who tend to underestimate their energy consumption.ObjectiveTo compare self-reported and measured anthropometric data of individuals who are underreporting their energy intake.Materials and MethodsThe sample included forty-six men and women who participated on the Health Survey of São Paulo, Brazil and had their total energy expenditure (TEE) measured by the doubly labelled water technique. Self-reported data were obtained from questionnaires and trained professional conducted the measurements of height and weight. BMI was classified based on the World Health Organization cutoff points for adults and the Pan-American Health Organization for elderlies. Correlation analysis and paired t test was used to test the differences between both values. Energy intake (EI) was assessed using two 24-hours dietary recall. The ratio of EI:TEE was used to identify misreporting considering the 95% confidence intervals. Respondents were classified in under-reporters, plausible reporters and over-reporters.ResultsTwenty-six (57.8%) were classified as under-reporters, thirteen (28.9%) as plausible reporters, and six (13.3%) as over-reporters. Significant differences were found comparing measured vs. self-reported anthropometric values of under-reporters with height (1.60 m vs. 1.62 m, p < 0.00) and BMI (29.1kg/m2 vs. 27.9kg/m2, p < 0.02), but no significant differences for weight (74.6 kg vs. 75.7 kg, p = 0.28). Overweight and obesity were higher in under-reporters comparing self-reported (11.5% and 30.8%) and measured (15.4% and 46.2%) anthropometric values. Pearson correlation coefficient between measured and self-reported values was 0.95 (p < 0.00) for weight, 0.96 (p < 0.00) for height and 0.92 (p < 0.00) for BMI.DiscussionAlthough results showed a strong and significant correlation between self-reported and measured anthropometric values in under-reporters, it is important to consider BMI and obesity are important factors related to underreporting. Therefore, it recommends to measure anthropometric data in studies that aim to characterize misreporting based on nutritional status, since the classification and prevalence of BMI and obesity can be affected by the chosen approach.
Developing a mobile application to increase pre-schoolers’ vegetable acceptance and self-regulation skills – The ‘Mole Minds Veggies’ game
Authors: Vepsäläinen Henna , Skaffari Essi , Ray Carola , Suhonen Eira , Lehtovirta Mikko , Sajaniemi Nina , Erkkola Maijaliisa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroduction:Many pre-schoolers in Finland eat too little vegetables, fruits and berries. Compared to fruits, vegetables are in general less well accepted. Since most of the Finnish 4–6-year-olds attend pre-schools, they are an ideal setting for promoting vegetable consumption. However, early educators in the pre-schools need engaging methods for food education. The aim of this project is to develop a mobile application that can be used in pre-schools to improve vegetable acceptance among pre-schoolers. An additional aim of the application is to increase self-regulation skills, i.e., we aimed to build the application in a way that, instead of immediate reward and impulsivity encourages self-regulation and delayed gratification.Materials and methods:We organized workshops in three pre-schools in order to collect ideas and experiences from pre-schoolers and early childhood professionals. Based on the workshops, a Finnish educational game company NordicEdu designed the first version of the prototype. A multi-professional team with expertise in early childhood education and pre-schoolers’ health behaviours commented the prototype, which was then updated and uploaded to application stores. The prototype consisted of two sections: a teacher-led ‘Learn’ section that encourages a group of children to share their knowledge and feelings about vegetables and fruits with each other and mini-games as well as physical exercises that can be played in a group. The application also allows the group to record which vegetables they have tasted. The feasibility of the prototype was tested in the three pre-schools. We collected feedback from the early childhood professionals and children with video-recordings and interviews.Results:Based on the feasibility tests, the children enjoyed using the application and they also gave positive feedback about the visual identity of the application. However, the early childhood professionals thought that the application could be a bit more challenging. Additional contents as well as tasks requiring more self-regulation and patience were also hoped for.Discussion:In 2019, the prototype will be further developed into a full demo. Additional vegetables will be added to the ‘Learn’ sections and organized into seasons. The application will be accompanied by a teacher's guide containing more information about the vegetables and fruits. The full demo will be completed in spring 2019 and translated into English and Polish. The effectiveness of the application to increase the acceptability of vegetables will be tested in a randomized intervention in pre-schools in Finland, Poland and the UK.
Is methylmercury a new candidate obesogen?
Authors: Tinant Gilles , Neefs Ineke , Rees Jean-François , Larondelle Yvan , Debier Cathy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecent studies suggest that environmental pollutants play a role in the continuous increase of the worldwide prevalence of obesity. To our knowledge, there is only one study investigating the impacts of methylmercury, a common and more toxic form of mercury, mainly present in fish and shellfish, on adipose tissue. It shows that methylmercury can cause changes in the structure and function of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. In this context, we decided to study the effects of methylmercury on primary cultured adipocytes of rainbow trout. This species is a well-known model to study the impact of pollution. In addition, fish adipose tissue metabolism is close to the one of humans. Using an in vitro model allows us to focus on adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism.Preadipocytes were obtained after isolating precursor cells from perivisceral adipose tissue by enzymatic digestion. Cells were cultured at 19°C until confluence before being incubated for 6 days in growth medium supplemented or not with a hormonal cocktail (insulin, dexamethasone, ciglitizone) enriched with 0, 0.3, 1.7 or 3.8 mM of methylmercury and lipid mixture. Cytotoxicity was evaluated every two days via LDH assay. At day 6, quantification of total mercury in cells was performed with Direct Mercury Analyser-80. Phospholipid and neutral lipid fractions were analyzed by gas chromatography and expression of adipocyte-related genes was evaluated by RT-PCR. Three biological replicates were carried out.No cytotoxicity was observed during the methylmercury treatment. Methylmercury was partially accumulated but in a dose-dependent manner. At day 6, all fatty acids (FA) from neutral lipid fraction significantly increased at the highest methylmercury concentration. However, the rate of increase was different for each FA. In particular, n-3 polyunsaturated FA were preferentially accumulated. The total amount of phospholipids was not impacted by methylmercury but a decrease of n-6 polyunsaturated FA was observed. Surprisingly, methylmercury decreased the expression of three adipocyte markers, FA transport protein 1 and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in presence or absence of hormonal cocktail, and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein delta in presence of hormonal cocktail. On the other hand, methylmercury increased the expression of FA synthase and perilipin.As a conclusion, methylmercury appears to be a candidate obesogen as it increased the cellular lipid content in primary cultured trout adipocytes. Additional genes involved in adipogenesis, FA de novo synthesis and FA intracellular transport are being investigated. Further experiments currently conducted in our lab should allow us to better clarify the mechanisms involved.
Antiproliferative activity of protein hydrolysates derived from fish by-products on human colon and breast cancer cells.
Authors: Kandyliari Aikaterini , Golla Jaya Prakash , Chen Ying , Papandroulakis Nikolaos , Kapsokefalou Maria , Vasiliou Vasilis 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe consumption of fish is encouraged in dietary guidelines because of its association with health benefits; however, fish processing generates by-products (gills, bones, skin, head), which can rise up to 50–60% of fish weight after filleting. The investigation of bioactivity of fish by-products and subsequent utilization for the development of high added-value food ingredients and/or supplements will reduce waste and create new products of high nutritional value. We studied the antiproliferative activity of fish by-product protein hydrolysates (FPH) on human colon and breast cancer cells. A total of 6 Meagres “Argirosomus Regius” (1256.45 ± 232.32g) and 16 Gilthead Sea Breams “Sparus Aurata” (403.47 ± 72.92g) were obtained by HCMR Institute in Crete, Greece. The fins, skin, bones, head, and gills were isolated, lyophilized, homogenized and stored separately at -80oC. The protein hydrolysates from each byproduct were prepared using a pH extraction method. Human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (COLO320 cells) and human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF7A cells) were treated with different FPH for 48 hours, and cellular proliferation was measured using the MTT assay. Results are given as mean percentage of triplicate independent analyses. Statistical significance of growth inhibition was estimated following Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks test with α = 0.05. In COLO320 cells, FPH induced a the significant antiproliferative activity at 0.5g/L. Specifically, FPH from bones, gills and skin of Meagre showed a growth inhibition of 23.7%, 9.9% and 26.4%, respectively, after 48 h of treatment. The inhibition by the same by-products from the Gilthead Sea bream was 24.6%, 21.9% and 26.4%, respectively after 48 h. In MCF7A cells, FPH exerted a significant growth inhibition at 1g/L. The skin and fins of Meagre induced a growth inhibition of 25.5% and 39.0% respectively; the gills, skin and fins of Gilthead Sea Bream showed a growth inhibition of 28.5%, 47.1% and 39.6%, respectively, after 48 h. These values were in the same range with etoposide (reference anticancer molecule) in the concentration of 3.1μM for COLO320 cells and 50μM for MCF7A. These preliminary data suggest that certain fish by-products could represent a source of anticancer peptides and may cause growth inhibition of human cancer cells. The isolation of responsible bioactive peptides from fish byproducts and the integration of them into food supplements can have beneficial effects on human health.
Evaluation of the content and bioaccessibility of magnesium, manganese, zinc and copper from buckwheat groats produced in various conditions
Authors: Klepacka Joanna , Najda Agnieszka , Klimek Kamila , Tońska Elżbieta , Michalak Joanna 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn recent years special attention has been paid to gluten-free foods, and among them buckwheat grains are becoming more popular. They are a rich source of many nutrients, including mineral compounds, and are eaten in many forms, eg. as a “kasha” which is obtained from roasted and dehulled grains. Food processing causes various changes in chemical composition of raw materials and their rate depends on the treatment parameters, therefore the aim of the study was to determine how the content and bioavailability of selected minerals is influenced by conduction the buckwheat groats production under different conditions.The experimental materials were buckwheat grains subjected in industrial conditions to a short hydrothermal treatment (ca. 100°C/15 min) conducted in cereal dryer (unroasted groats were obtained), and also roasted in pressure boilers (140°C/90 min, 0.4 MPa) to receive roasted grains. The content of selected minerals (Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu) was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry and their bioavailability was determined by enzymatic hydrolysis in vitro in a system, which simulated the conditions in the human gastrointestinal tract.It was shown that different conditions of applied hydrothermal treatment had a lesser influence on the total content of analyzed minerals (determined before the digestion process), but they significantly influenced their bioaccessibility. Short treatment carried out at a lower temperature had a beneficial effect on the availability of all determined elements, increasing it to the greatest extent for Mg and Mn.This process caused an increase in the content of Mg released after digestion from 859.4 μg/g (unheated grains) to 1233.8 μg/g (unroasted groats), and the Mn level increased respectively from 2.61 to 5.19 μg/g. The roasting process statistically significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the level of these elements (to 836.1 μg/g for Mg and 1.99 μg/g for Mn). The high parameters of seed treatment used during roasting also caused a decrease in the availability of other elements and their effect was most noticeable for Zn, whose level decreased from 31.99 μg/g (unheated grains) to 9.97 μg/g (roasted groats).Observed dependencies allow to state, that due to the bioaccessibility of minerals, it is more beneficial to treat buckwheat grains with a lower temperature in a short time, and therefore consumers who pay attention to the nutritional value of the food, should choose unroasted buckwheat groats.