bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insurance coverage expansion and inequalities in unmet oral healthcare needs in Korea: Repeated cross‐sectional analysis, 2007‐2015
Authors: Kim Nam‐Hee , Kawachi Ichiro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate whether Korea's 2012 health insurance expansion of adult dental care coverage reduced income‐based oral health inequalities.MethodsThis study analysed nationally representative repeated cross‐sectional data from waves IV to VI (2007‐2015) of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The main outcome variable is unmet dental needs due to cost, and the independent variable is household income. Further, the slope index of inequality (SII) and the relative index of inequality (RII) were calculated. Calculations were adjusted for income and stratified by age group, gender and survey period. Data from the three waves were pooled to estimate the SII and RII trend coefficients between survey years. These were tested using two‐way interaction terms for each age group and gender.ResultsSome changes in income‐based inequality trends were identified. Relative and absolute inequalities in unmet needs (indicated by the RII and SII) decreased over time for most age groups. However, this trend was not observed for older women.ConclusionsIncome‐based inequalities in unmet dental needs persisted among older women in Korea despite the insurance expansion. By contrast, after the 2012 insurance expansion, the absolute and relative inequality in unmet dental needs decreased for young and middle‐aged as well as older adults.
Ant preference for seeds without awns increases removal of exotic relative to native grass seeds
Authors: Wandrag Elizabeth M. , Copeland Hannah R. , Duncan Richard P. 
Published: November 2020

1. The removal of seeds by granivorous ants can affect plant recruitment through either seed loss from predation or the dispersal and recruitment of seeds that are removed but not consumed. Consequently, variation in ant selection preferences can influence patterns of seed removal and affect plant community composition, including the spread of exotic plant species.2. We conducted a seed removal experiment to determine whether: 1) rates of removal by ants differed between three native and three exotic grass species in an Australian temperate grassland; and 2) differences in removal rates were associated with the presence or absence of awns.3. We found that seeds of the three exotic species, none of which had awns, were removed by ants at a higher rate than those of the three native species, all of which had awns. Removal rates of native species increased when awns were manually removed, suggesting the awns of native species acted as a removal barrier.4. While we do not know the fate of seeds removed from our experiment, differences among species in removal rates mirrored differences in their spatial spread in a separate seed addition experiment. Exotic species removed by ants at a higher rate in the removal experiment had more widely dispersed seedlings than native species in the seed addition experiment, potentially indicating a role for granivorous ants in dispersing exotic seeds. Identifying ant selection preferences and directly linking removal to seed fate could help explain how exotic grass species move around the landscape.
Minocycline in neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases: An update
Authors: Romero‐Miguel Diego , Lamanna‐Rama Nicolás , Casquero‐Veiga Marta , Gómez‐Rangel Vanessa , Desco Manuel , Soto‐Montenegro María Luisa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and purposeMinocycline is a broad‐spectrum antibiotic, effective as a chronic treatment for recurrent bacterial infections. Beyond its antibiotic action, minocycline also has important anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties. Its efficacy has therefore been evaluated in many neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases that have an inflammatory basis. Our aim was to review preclinical and clinical studies performed in neurological and psychiatric diseases whose treatment involved the use of minocycline and thereby to discern the possible beneficial effect of minocycline in these disorders.MethodsCompleted and ongoing preclinical studies and clinical trials of minocycline for both neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders, published from January 1995 to January 2020, were identified through searching relevant databases (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/, https://clinicaltrials.gov/). A total of 74 preclinical studies and 44 clinical trials and open‐label studies were selected.ResultsThe results of the nearly 20 years of research identified are diverse. While minocycline mostly proved to be effective in animal models, clinical results showed divergent outcomes, with positive results in some studies counterbalanced by a number of cases with no significant improvements. Specific data for each disease are further individually described in this review.ConclusionsDespite minocycline demonstrating antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects, discrepancies between preclinical and clinical data indicate that we should be cautious in analyzing the outcomes. Improving and standardizing protocols and refining animal models could help us to determine if minocycline really is a useful drug in the treatment of these pathologies.
Is contact between men who have sex with men and non‐governmental organizations providing harm reduction associated with improved HIV outcomes?
Authors: Trickey A , Stone J , Semchuk N , Saliuk T , Sazonova Y , Varetska O , Lim AG , Walker JG , Vickerman P 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesThere is a high prevalence of HIV (5.2% in 2018) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Ukraine. HIV testing, condom provision and facilitated linkage to HIV treatment have been funded by various bodies through non‐governmental organizations (NGOs). We investigated whether contact with these NGOs was associated with improved prevention and treatment outcomes among MSM in Ukraine.MethodsData were taken from four rounds of integrated bio‐behavioural surveys among MSM in Ukraine (2011, N = 5950; 2013, N = 8101; 2015, N = 4550; 2018, N = 5971) including HIV testing combined with questionnaire responses. Data were analysed using mixed‐effect regression models, which estimated associations between being an NGO client and behavioural, HIV testing and HIV treatment outcomes, adjusted for demographic factors.ResultsThose MSM who were NGO clients were more likely than non‐clients to have been HIV tested in the last year [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 7.01, 95% confidence interval (CI): 6.45–7.62] or ever (aOR = 11.00, 95% CI: 9.77–12.38), to have used a condom for the last anal sex act (aOR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.21–1.43), and to have recently either bought or received condoms (aOR = 21.27, 95% CI: 18.01–25.12). HIV‐positive MSM were more likely to have contact with NGOs (aOR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.39–1.86). Among the HIV‐positive MSM, those who were NGO clients were more likely to be registered at an AIDS centre (aOR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.61–3.11) and to be on antiretroviral treatment (aOR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.51–3.20).ConclusionsIn Ukraine, being in contact with MSM‐targeted NGOs is associated with better outcomes for HIV prevention, testing and treatment, suggesting that NGO harm reduction projects for MSM have had a beneficial impact on reducing HIV transmission and morbidity.
Infants distinguish and represent pattern as an object feature from externally generated patterns superimposed on real, 3‐dimensional objects' surfaces
Authors: Woods Rebecca J. , Johnson Kristin M. , Honsa Ellen , Westrom Savanna , Lammers Shea M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAs infants form object representations, the patterns viewed on objects' surfaces may be challenging to decipher because these patterns may be created from the surface reflectance of an object (an object property) or from an external source, such as a cast shadow. We tested 7 ½‐month‐old infants' use of cues that specify the source of patterns seen on the surfaces of real, 3‐dimensional objects to individuate those objects. Results suggest that when forming object representations based on patterns, 7½‐month‐olds rely heavily on temporal and depth cues to distinguish patterns inherent to the object from other types of patterns.
A qualitative study of patients’ and providers’ experiences with the use of videoconferences by older adults with depression
Authors: Christensen Lone Fisker , Wilson Rhonda , Hansen Jens Peter , Nielsen Connie Thuroe , Gildberg Frederik Alkier 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the experiences of patients and providers regarding the use of videoconferences in older patients with depression. The qualitative study consisted of semi‐structured interviews with patients and providers and focus group interviews with providers. Themes were identified through using thematic analysis. Three main themes were as follows: 1. Technical Challenges experienced by patients and providers experiences; 2. Videoconferencing as clinical supportive technology; and 3. Therapeutic relationship across face‐to‐face and videoconferencing formats. Several subthemes describing patients’ and providers’ experiences were identified. Taken together, there was a similarity between expectations, opinions, and attitudes in relation to experiences vertically across all main themes, and horizontally between the main themes. An optimistic outlook influenced user expectations, opinions, and attitudes and acted to mitigate an negative sentiment about technical challenges. This increased the adoption of videoconferencing as a tool for clinical support and enabled the development of a therapeutic relationship using videoconferencing, especially for provider users. Both patients and providers agreed that videoconferences could not replace all face‐to‐face conversations and that videoconferences, in most cases, were best suited for shorter follow‐up consultations. Expectations, opinions, and attitudes, whether negative or positive, seemed to have significant impact on the experiences of patients and especially providers.
CircFAT1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via miR‐30a‐5p/REEP3 pathway
Authors: Wei Hailiang , Yan Shuguang , Hui Yi , Liu Yonggang , Guo Hui , Li Qian , Li Jingtao , Chang Zhanjie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAs newly found non‐coding RNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in multiple biological processes. Emerging evidence has illustrated the pivotal roles of circRNAs in various human cancers. However, the function of circFAT1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains largely unclear. In the present study, we found that circFAT1 expression is up‐regulated in HCC tissues and cells. In addition, circFAT1 level is positively correlated with TNM stage and tumour size. To further explore the function of circFAT1 in HCC, in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed. The results show that circFAT1 inhibition reduces the proliferation and invasion of HCC cells and tumorigenesis in vivo, whereas REEP3 overexpression reverses these processes. In conclusion, circFAT1 sponges miR‐30a‐5p to regulate the expression of REEP3, thus promoting hepatocarcinogenesis. New HCC diagnosis or treatment strategies may be developed from circFAT1 as a target.
Cost‐effectiveness of longitudinal surveillance for Piscirickettsia salmonis using qPCR in Atlantic salmon farms (Salmo salar) in Chile
Authors: Delphino Marina K. V. C. , Mardones Fernando O. , Neumann Heise Joaquin , Gallardo Alicia , Jimenez Daniel , Peña Andrea , Rozas‐Serri Marco , Gardner Ian A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCosts of diagnostic testing including sample collection, sampling frequency and sample size are an important consideration in the evaluation of the economic feasibility of alternative surveillance strategies for detection of infectious diseases in aquatic animals. In Chile, Piscirickettsia salmonis is the primary reason for antibiotic treatments in farmed Atlantic salmon. In 2012, a surveillance and control programme for piscirickettsiosis was established with an overall goal of reducing antibiotic use. The present study estimated the cost‐effectiveness of different sampling frequencies and sample sizes to achieve at least 95% confidence of early detection of P. salmonis at the netpen and farm levels using a validated qPCR test. We developed a stochastic model that incorporated variability in test accuracy, within‐pen prevalence and sampling costs. Our findings indicated that the current piscirickettsiosis surveillance programme based on risk‐based sampling of five moribund or dead fish from 2 to 3 netpens is cost‐effective and gives a high probability of detection of P. salmonis in Atlantic salmon farms in Chile at both the netpen and farm levels. Results from this study should incentivize salmon farmers to establish cost‐effective strategies for early detection of P. salmonis infection and the application of this approach to other highly infectious diseases.
Sleep and circadian problems during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic: the International COVID‐19 Sleep Study (ICOSS)
Authors: Partinen Markku , Bjorvatn Bjørn , Holzinger Brigitte , Chung Frances , Penzel Thomas , Espie Colin A. , Morin Charles M. ,   ICOSS‐collaboration group
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis protocol paper describes the development of an international collaboration to survey several thousand adults from different countries around the world about their sleep during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. It is based on the development of a harmonised survey with 50 questions (106 different items) on sleep habits and sleep symptoms that permit comparability of information. The harmonised questionnaire may be used in anonymous cross‐sectional surveys, and the instruments within the questionnaire may also be used in prospective studies and clinical studies. The aim was to develop a questionnaire to sample a variety of sleep–wake disorders and other symptoms likely to be caused by prolonged social confinement or by having had COVID‐19. The questionnaire was designed to be: (a) simple and, (b) free to use, for research purposes, (c) multilingual, and (d) comprehensive. It can be completed in <30 min. By the end of June 2020, the survey questionnaire had been administered in Austria, Canada, China, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Japan, Norway, Poland, Sweden, UK and USA. Research questions to be addressed by the pooled data derived from the participating sites focus on describing the nature and rates of various sleep and circadian rhythms symptoms, as well as their psychological and medical correlates, that arise at various points during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Diverging Subordinate Themes and Internal Transitions: Assessing Internal Modulations in Three‐Key Expositions
Authors: Hunt Graham G. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTRecent scholarship on the ‘three‐key exposition’ has drawn attention to its historical evolution, Schenkerian voice‐leading considerations and issues with cadences and internal ‘crises’ in Schubert's three‐key expositions. One question remains to be answered: How and where do composers get from the second key to the third? Using William Caplin's theory of formal functions to help classify those internal modulations, this paper will assess strategies employed in these unique expositional layouts. Using a range of works from Haydn to Tchaikovsky, a number of categories for such modulations are identified on the basis of their location within the relevant subordinate theme. These categories are then used to examine the nature of second modulations, and to adapt Caplin's theory to promote a clearer understanding of the harmonic richness and formal complexity of nineteenth‐century sonata style.
Effect of abdominal massage on bowel evacuation in neurosurgical intensive care patients
Authors: Altun Ugras Gulay , Yüksel Serpil , Isik Meryem Turkan , Tasdelen Bahar , Dogan Havva , Mutluay Ozum 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere are many factors, which affect the bowel evacuation of neurosurgical intensive care unit (NICU) patients, resulting in constipation.Aim and objectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate effect of abdominal massage on bowel evacuation and the risk of constipation in NICU patients.DesignA prospective, randomized‐controlled clinical trial.MethodsThe sample of this study included 80 NICU patients. The patients were randomly assigned to abdominal massage and control groups. The constipation risk of all the patients was assessed with Constipation Risk Assessment Scale (CRAS). The patients in the abdominal massage group received a total of 30 minutes of massage, 15 minutes every morning and evening, until the first defecation. The bowel sounds of all patients in the abdominal massage and control groups were assessed on a daily basis. The days when bowel sounds were heard and the first defecation took place were recorded in a Bowel Evacuation Form.ResultsThe risk of constipation was higher in the patients in the abdominal massage (CRAS score 19.02 ± 1.81) and control groups (CRAS score 20.45 ± 2.61). The time of return of bowel sounds and the time of the first defecation were earlier in the abdominal massage group, compared to the control group (P < .05). In the control group, there was a weak correlation (P = .004) between the CRAS score and the time of return of bowel sounds, while there was a moderate correlation between the CRAS score and the time of the first defecation (P < .001).ConclusionOur study results show that the risk of constipation is high in NICU patients, and abdominal massage is an effective nursing intervention to shorten the time of return of bowel sounds and the time of the first defecation.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses can safely apply abdominal massage to improve bowel evacuation in NICU patients.
Implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators in cardiac transplant recipients: A systematic review from the Electrophysiology Collaborative Consortium for Meta‐analysis—ELECTRAM investigators
Authors: Garg Jalaj , Shah Kuldeep , Turagam Mohit K. , Tzou Wendy , Gopinathannair Rakesh , Natale Andrea , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionImplantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction reduces mortality secondary to malignant arrhythmias. Whether cardiac transplant patients considered high risk for sudden death (SD) derive similar benefits remains controversial.MethodsSystematic search, without language restriction, using PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov was performed from inception to June 4, 2020, for studies that had reported outcomes in patients who had ICD implanted after cardiac transplant. The outcomes studied were as follows: (a) SD and (b) appropriate and inappropriate ICD therapies.ResultsSeven studies (from 1983 through 2018) with a total of 338 cardiac transplant patients who received ICD met study inclusion criteria. The mean age was 48.37 ± 14.85 years, and 70.4% were men. The pooled incidence of SD was 16.3% (95% CI 6.2‐29.0%; I2 = 66%). Appropriate and inappropriate ICD therapies were observed in 12.1% (95% CI 5.3‐20.4; I2 = 0%) and 3.5% (95% CI 0.11‐9.58%; I2 = 0%), respectively during the follow‐up period (27.48 ± 24.27 months). The most common cause for SD was heart failure (15.6%), followed by electromechanical disassociation, malignant ventricular arrhythmias (4.7% each, respectively), and cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) (3.1%). Furthermore, approximately 60% (10/17) of patients with appropriate ICD shocks had CAV.ConclusionDespite, low incidence of arrhythmic mortality, there remains an increased burden of ventricular arrhythmias, as evident by a 12% appropriate ICD shock rates, suggesting ICD might be a practical decision in selected cardiac transplant patients deemed high risk of SD (i.e., patients with advanced CAV and left ventricular systolic dysfunction).
On the Perimeter: Sense Perception and Mind‐Matter Entanglement
Authors: Boyle Dennis E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper argues from the diversity of the five sense modes and the brief, fragmentary nature of what imposes on each of those five modes that sense‐perceptual objects such as books and running foxes become objects of understanding only through intellect’s subliminal, self‐referential organising activity (ISSOA) and so are properly understood as objects of thought rather than sense; and insofar as such objects are the entities which constitute empirical reality as we understand it, any consideration of or reference made to them is necessarily a reference to ISSOA, so ISSOA is properly regarded as a fundamental component of that reality.
Hydrogen sulfide mediates defense response in safflower by regulating secondary metabolism, oxidative defense, and elemental uptake under drought
Authors: Amir Shahzada B. , Rasheed Rizwan , Ashraf Muhammad A. , Hussain Iqbal , Iqbal Muhammad 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a newly recognized molecule mediating plant defense responses under drought. The role of exogenous H2S in regulating plant responses under drought has been reported in a few plant species including spinach, wheat, Arabidopsis, soybean, and citrus plants. However, no report is available on the outcome of exogenous H2S on drought response in safflower plants. Therefore, the present study was planned to get insight into H2S‐mediated regulation of growth, secondary metabolism, oxidative defense, and uptake of minerals in two safflower cultivars (Safflower‐16427 and Safflower‐16493). Plants were exposed to two NaHS (0.5 and 1.0 mM) and two drought levels (70 and 50% field capacity [FC]). We found a notable depression in growth, yield, chlorophyll, and potassium (K+) uptake under drought. The decline was more significant in plants facing 50% FC. The oxidative injury in plants was higher under severe drought and led to the decline in chlorophyll, plant biomass, and yield production. Drought induced a noticeable accretion in the accumulation of total soluble sugars, proline, ascorbic acid, anthocyanins, and secondary metabolites that protect plants against oxidative damages caused by drought. The activities of antioxidant enzymes increased substantially in safflower cultivars under drought. Besides, plants pretreated with NaHS (0.5 mM) subsided the oxidative damage by increasing the accumulation of secondary metabolites and strengthening the antioxidant capacity under drought. Further, drought plants suffered significant disturbances in ions homeostasis that was circumvented by exogenous H2S. The interactive effect of drought and H2S did not display a significant difference between the cultivars.