bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BIODIESEL PRODUCTION BY ETHYLIC AND METHYLIC ROUTE BASED ON FACTORIAL DESIGN
Authors: Lopes Laurênio Ferreira , Da Silva Flávio Castro , Simões Rita Colman , Pontual Leandro Vahia , De Souza Luan Alves , Do Nascimento Leomário Guedes , Dos Santos Carlos Michel dos Anjos 
Published: June 2020

The analysis carried out in this research had as objective the development
of a process for the bench-scale production of biodiesel. The reaction was
produced by the alkaline transesterification method, in which the reagents
were subjected to a temperature of 60 ± 2°C, maintaining constant mechanical
agitation. From a factorial experimental design, we evaluated the maximum
and minimum levels of three variables: catalyst, molar ratio, and reaction
time, combining their effects without altering the response quality, verifying
the yields, and interpreting the possible variations based on statistical
treatments to justify which one has the best performance. As the main
point, two alcohols were used, one imported (methanol) that underwent a
high-quality process, and another with a large national production capacity
(ethanol). The research emerges as a way to reinforce the statement that
biodiesel is one of the solutions to mitigate environmental impacts and
socioeconomically contribute to the country. However, the production cost
is higher than that of diesel derived from petroleum; thus, ensuring the best process conditions will decrease the operational costs and the costs for the end consumer. The variable with the most influence was the amount of catalyst for the synthesis of ethyl and methyl biodiesel. However, the yields for the B2 and B8 tests did not show a significant difference at the 5% level according to the Tukey test, and the highest yield was achieved by the B7 test (97.44%), using methanol at a 1:9 molar ratio and 0.5% catalyst in 90 minutes of reaction. After the research to determine the best process conditions to promote the production and use of biofuel, we concluded that the methyl route led to more satisfactory results and higher yields.
ASSOCIATED FACTORS WITH ANTS OCCURRENCES IN URBAN SCHOOLS
Authors: Lutinski Junir Antônio , Guarda Carin , Busato Maria Assunta 
Published: June 2020

Schools consist of environments that offer favorable conditions for nesting by
ants. This study aims to identify the factors associated with the occurrence
of ants in four environments at schools located in urban areas. Sampling
was conducted in kitchens, warehouses, dining rooms, and outdoor areas
in twelve schools in four cites in the western region of the State of Santa
Catarina, Brazil. For sampling, baits and manual collection were used.
The environmental variables were obtained in each environment. Similarity
between schools regarding ant composition and abundance was assessed
by a Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling. We sampled 1,478 specimens
of ants and identified 45 species. Similarities (60%) were observed in the
abundance and composition of ant assemblages among schools in small
towns (Caxambu do Sul, Guatambu, and Palmitos).The presence of outdoor
areas with vegetation and green areas in the surroundings, size of constructed
area, and frequency of insect control event contribute to the abundance
of these insects in the schools environments. Ants are not recognized as
potential vectors of pathogenic microorganisms in schools and are neglected
if considered the periodicity of insect control.
Music education for blind people – determinants and methodological guidelines
Authors: Wiśniewska Milena 
Published: June 2020

The article presents the characteristics of music education for visually impaired people. It is largely conditioned by the use of Braille’s music notation featuring a number of differences when compared to the notation used by sighted musicians. Visually impaired students can receive music education both at schools dedicated exclusively to the blind and in public institutions, together with sighted students. What may play a significant role in the provision of the best possible learning conditions for blind people is support given by educational institutions and by various organizations (in our country, the latter form of aid is relatively narrow in scope). What matters most is, however, teachers’ attitude, their willingness to understand a blind student’s situation, and frequently their readiness to introduce modifications to the methods applied on a daily basis. In order to determine what exactly is needed by visually impaired people learning music in Poland, the author of the article explored educational experiences of 24 blind people, bearing in mind the context of music education system in our country. Conclusions drawn from the conducted surveys, as well as from the subject literature, helped to formulate a number of guidelines concerning blind people’s education, directed at teachers of various music subjects; they constitute the main part of the article in question.
Dialogue or compromise – in search of new pedagogical relations in music education
Authors: Jemielnik Joanna 
Published: June 2020

The article was written based on the evaluation research conducted in one of music schools in eastern Poland, examining the quality of education in violin and piano classes. After the introduction presenting problems related to learning in an art school, the author showed the research purpose and description of the researched group, characteristics of the region and research method. The study group was asked questions concerning the quality and manner of students’ practice, methods of a teacher’s work with primary music school pupils, factors that contributed to and hampered effective instrument performance training, school relations and communication.
The collected data, free statements and suggestions of students, teachers and parents, were described, categorized and confronted in the main part of the article. The comparison of opinions and voices from the three perspectives enabled to formulate conclusions on the changes undergoing in a contemporary music school, first of all – in relation to the perception of instrument performance training, methods of teachers’ and pupils’ work as well as the pupil – pedagogue – parent relation.
Sprawozdanie z V Ogólnopolskiej Konferencji Naukowej z cyklu „Kultura – Muzyka – Edukacja”
Authors: Kochanowska Ewa 
Published: June 2020

W dniu 2 grudnia 2019 roku w Akademii Techniczno-Humanistycznej w Bielsku‑Białej odbyła się V Ogólnopolska Konferencja Naukowa z cyklu „Kultura – Muzyka – Edukacja”. Konferencja zorganizowana została już po raz piąty przez Instytut Pedagogiki.
PROMs og livskvalitet
Authors: Bissenbakker Kristine Henderson , Møller Anne , Brodersen John , Jønsson Alexandra Ryborg 
Published: June 2020

Denne artikel beskriver de udfordringer, vi er stødt på i det indledende arbejde, i bestræ- belsen på at udvikle et nyt patient rapporteret outcome measure (PROM) for livskvalitet blandt patienter med multisygdom. De eksisterende livskvalitetsmål, der i dag anvendes, præsenteres sammen med en redegørelse for deres relation til dette projekt. Derefter in- troduceres projektets teoretiske ramme for en patientcentreret, behovsrelateret livskvalitet, The Needs-Based Model. Endelig diskuteres udfordringerne ved at definere begrebet livs- kvalitet, så det er kvantificerbart og kan bruges på populationsniveau i forskningsmæssige sammenhænge.

Tre af de indledende interviews i et pilotstudie er i denne sammenhæng udvalgt som ca- ses, fordi de på hver deres måde bidrager til at illustrere de tematiske udfordringer: adaptiv livskvalitet og temporalitet i multisygdom. Data fra disse interviews viser, at selvevaluerin- ger af livskvalitet kan ændres gennem forløbet af en sygdom, og at der i disse ændringer kan være tale om en iboende gradvis tilpasning til sygdommene. Interviewene tydeliggør herudover koblingen af temporalitet med multisygdom som en både progressiv og cyklisk faktor og den deraf afledte mulige fluktuation i livskvalitet.
Til sidst præsenteres de refleksioner og de valg, forfatterne har foretaget, for at tage højde for forskellige definitioner af multisygdom samt adaption og temporaliteten i multisygdom. Herunder begrænsningerne ved at anvende et øjebliksbillede af livskvalitet som et forsk- ningsmæssigt værktøj.
Evaluation of Vegetative and Yield Performance of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Varieties at Abol District, Gambella Region
Authors: Yonas Mihtretu , Abajabal Nazif 
Published: June 2020

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is major fruity vegetables grown in Ethiopia next to hot pepper. Although crops grown in the country its production and productivity is very low compared to the world average. Among the reasons for low its production and productivity, shortage of improved tomato varieties is the major one. This experiment was done with the aim of evaluating tomato varieties and select high yielding cultivars. An experiment was conducted in bonga district Gambella region 2011/12 dry season under irrigated condition. Seven tomato varieties namely ARP Tomato D2, Fetan, Melkasalsa, Chali, Bishola, Gelila and Roma-VF(as local check) and were tested in randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The mean values of all parameters were subjected to two way analysis of variance using the Proc GLM procedure of SAS 9.3. Then statistical significance of the mean of each parameter was determined using F-test and Duncan multiple range test procedure was used to compare differences between treatment means at 5% probability level. The analysis of variance showed statistically significant differences (p< 0.05) among varieties in all growth and yield parameters except days to 50% flowering. Among the tested tomato cultivars, Melkasalsa produced the largest fruit. The highest fruit yield was recorded by Melkasalsa followed by Bishola. we can conclude Melkasalsa and Bishola variety were the most productive and gave larger fruit compared to others. Hence, these varieties can be used by tomato growers under irrigated condition around Bonga area.
A Review on Diagnostic Methods for the Identification of Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Ebob Tarh, Jacqueline 
Published: June 2020

The severe diarrheal disease Cholera, has gained public health importance because of its life-threatening effect. The detection of the causative agent of this disease (Vibrio cholerae (V. Cholerae) O1 or O139) from a specimen (stool, vomitus of food sample) remains a major concern in the world today. Phenotypic finger printing (the conventional methods) of the toxigenic V. cholerae strain, remains the gold standard for the laboratory diagnosis of cholera; especially during cholera epidemic outbreaks. Detection around the remote areas which are usually rampaged by these outbreaks is usually difficult due to lack of required diagnostic facilities in small laboratories. However, the use of phenotypic approaches have some major setbacks as they are usually labor-intensive and time consuming. This delays treatment commencement especially in life threatening cases.To alleviate these setbacks, rapid molecular typing techniques involving the Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, hybridization methods, Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST), Multiple-Locus Variable Number Tandem Repeat Analysis (MVLA), Fluorescent Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (FAFLP), Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) etc. represent promising tools for early detection of the pathogen V. cholerae O1/O139 even in remote areas where laboratory resources are poor. Immunoassay-based techniques like enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA), coagglutination, immunofluorescence, and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), are capital/labour intensive and expensive for low resource settings. Rapid diagnostic tests based on immune-chromatography principle have also been developed for simultaneous detection of V. choleraesero groups O1 and O139. These test kits are easy to use, transport, and fast. All these methods enable the subtyping of unrelated bacterial strains and they all operate with different accuracies, discriminatory ability, and reproducibility. This review sought to address some of the methods used in diagnosing the disease cholera, with the objective of identifying the best and easiest of the methods that can help to curb the cholera problem (deaths) often encountered, especially in low resource settings in the developing countries (Nigeria inclusive).
Conservatibacter
Authors: Christensen Henrik , Bisgaard Magne , Nicklas Werner , Adhikary Sadhana 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Con.ser.va.ti.bac'ter. L. part. adj.
conservatus
conserved; N.L. masc. n.
bacter
rod; N.L. masc. n.
Conservatibacter
a rod‐shaped bacterium of conserved nature. The name refers to the genotypically conserved nature of the genus.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Pasteurellales / Pasteurellaceae / Conservatibacter

The genus
Conservatibacter
is based on the characterization of 15 strains, all from guinea pigs. The strains were previously classified as Bisgaard taxon 7 by comparison of the phenotypic characteristics. The cells are Gram‐negative, nonmotile, and pleomorphic rods. The colonies are nonhemolytic on bovine blood agar. The 16S rRNA gene sequences are identical for the five strains investigated, and the partial
rpoB
gene sequences are identical for all 15 strains. The oxidase test is positive, and the catalase test is weak positive or negative. The Hugh and Leifson's test with glucose is fermentative. There are no requirements for X‐factor (positive in porphyrin synthesis) or V‐factor (no NAD requirement). The Simmons' citrate test is negative, and base is not formed from malonate just as acid is not formed from mucate. The tests for H
2
S/TSI, methyl red, Voges–Proskauer, and urease are negative. The genus can be separated from other genera of
Pasteurellaceae
by at least two phenotypic characters. The most distinctive characteristics aiding in the separation are a negative alkaline phosphatase test and a positive ornithine decarboxylase reaction and acid formation from many of the carbohydrates. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments documented a strong genotypic relationship between the strains. The only one species is
Conservatibacter flavescens
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 39.5 determined by whole‐genomic sequencing.

Type species
:
Conservatibacter flavescens
Adhikary et al. 2018
VP
.
Natrarchaeobius
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Merkel Alexander , Kublanov Ilya , Oren Aharon 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Natr.ar.chae.o'bi.us. N.L. n.
natron
(derived from Arabic n.
natrun
or
natron
) soda, sodium carbonate; Gr. masc. adj.
archaios
ancient; Gr. masc. n.
bios
life; N.L. masc. n.
Natrarchaeobius
, archaeon that lives in soda.

Euryarchaeota / Halobacteria / Natrialbales / Natrialbaceae / Natrarchaeobius

The genus
Natrarchaeobius
, classified within the family
Natrialbaceae
, order
Natrialbales
, and within the class
Halobacteria
, consists of coccoid to flat rod‐shaped, nonmotile cells. Colonies on agar plates are pink orange to pale orange. The species of the genus are extremely halophilic, requiring >3 M Na
+
and growing optimally at 3.5–4 M Na
+
, and alkaliphilic or alkali tolerant, growing at pH 6.5–10.0 with an optimum at pH 8.5–9.3. Both sodium carbonate and chloride are required for growth. The temperature optimum is at 43–45°C. Cells are obligately aerobic chemoorganoheterotrophs that use chitin, chitosan, and a number of simple carbohydrates as carbon and energy sources. Multiple GH18 family chitinase genes are found in the genomes. The respiratory quinone is MK‐8:0. The major polar lipids are C
20
–C
20
and C
20
–C
25
diether derivatives of phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester (PGP‐Me) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG).

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 61.1–62.3 (genome sequences).

Type species
:
Natrarchaeobius chitinivorans
Sorokin et al. 2019, VL191.
Brain Insulin Signaling, Alzheimer Disease Pathology, and Cognitive Function
Authors: Arvanitakis Zoe , Wang Hoau‐Yan , Capuano Ana W. , Khan Amber , Taïb Bouchra , Anokye‐Danso Frederick , Schneider Julie A. , Bennett David A. , Ahima Rexford S. , Arnold Steven E. 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo examine associations of molecular markers of brain insulin signaling with Alzheimer disease (AD) and cognition among older persons with or without diabetes.MethodsThis clinical–pathologic study was derived from a community‐based cohort study, the Religious Orders Study. We studied 150 individuals (mean age at death =87 years, 48% women): 75 with and 75 without diabetes (matched by sex on age at death and education). Using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry, and ex vivo stimulation of brain tissue with insulin, we assessed insulin signaling in the postmortem middle frontal gyrus cortex. Postmortem data documented AD neuropathology. Clinical evaluations documented cognitive function proximate to death, based on 17 neuropsychological tests. In adjusted regression analyses, we examined associations of brain insulin signaling with diabetes, AD, and level of cognition.ResultsBrain insulin receptor substrate‐1 (IRS1) phosphorylation (pS307IRS1/total IRS1) and serine/threonine‐protein kinase (AKT) phosphorylation (pT308AKT1/total AKT1) were similar in persons with or without diabetes. AKT phosphorylation was associated with the global AD pathology score (p = 0.001). In contrast, IRS1 phosphorylation was not associated with AD (p = 0.536). No other associations of insulin signaling were found with the global AD score, including when using the ex vivo brain insulin stimulation method. In secondary analyses, normalized pT308AKT1 was positively correlated with both the amyloid burden and tau tangle density, and no other associations of brain insulin signaling with neuropathology were observed. Moreover, normalized pT308AKT1 was associated with a lower level of global cognitive function (estimate = −0.212, standard error = 0.097; p = 0.031).InterpretationBrain AKT phosphorylation, a critical node in the signaling of insulin and other growth factors, is associated with AD neuropathology and lower cognitive function. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:513–525
Highly Concentrated Electrolyte towards Enhanced Energy Density and Cycling Life of Dual‐Ion Battery
Authors: Xiang Li , Ou Xuewu , Wang Xingyong , Zhou Zhiming , Li Xiang , Tang Yongbing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDual‐ion batteries (DIBs) have attracted much attention owing to their low cost, high voltage, and environmental friendliness. As the source of active ions during the charging/discharging process, the electrolyte plays a critical role in the performance of DIBs, including capacity, energy density, and cycling life. However, most used electrolyte systems based on the LiPF6 salt demonstrate unsatisfactory performance in DIBs. We have successfully developed a 7.5 mol kg−1 lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) in a carbonate electrolyte system. Compared with diluted electrolytes, this highly concentrated electrolyte exhibits several advantages: 1) enhanced intercalation capacity and cycling stability of the graphite cathode, 2) optimized structural stability of the Al anode, and 3) significantly increased battery energy density. A proof‐of‐concept DIB based on this concentrated electrolyte exhibits a discharge capacity of 94.0 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1 and 96.8 % capacity retention after 500 cycles. By counting both the electrode materials and electrolyte, the energy density of this DIB reaches up to ≈180 Wh kg−1, which is among the best performances of DIBs reported to date.
Probing the Mineral–Water Interface with Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy
Authors: Backus Ellen H. G. , Schaefer Jan , Bonn Mischa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe interaction between minerals and water is manifold and complex: the mineral surface can be (de)protonated by water, thereby changing its charge; mineral ions dissolved into the aqueous phase screen the surface charges. Both factors affect the interaction with water. Intrinsically molecular‐level processes and interactions govern macroscopic phenomena, such as flow‐induced dissolution, wetting, and charging. This realization is increasingly prompting molecular‐level studies of mineral–water interfaces. Here, we provide an overview of recent developments in surface‐specific nonlinear spectroscopy techniques such as sum frequency and second harmonic generation (SFG/SHG), which can provide information about the molecular arrangement of the first few layers of water molecules at the mineral surface. The results illustrate the subtleties of both chemical and physical interactions between water and the mineral as well as the critical role of mineral dissolution and other ions in solution for determining those interactions.
An RCM‐Based Total Synthesis of the Antibiotic Disciformycin B
Authors: Waser Philipp , Altmann Karl‐Heinz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe total synthesis of the potent new antibiotic disciformycin B (2) is described, which shows significant activity against methicillin‐ and vancomycin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA/VRSA) strains. The synthetic route is based on macrocyclization of a tetraene substrate to the 12‐membered macrolactone core by ring‐closing olefin metathesis (RCM). Although macrocyclization was accompanied by concomitant cyclopentene formation by an alternative RCM pathway, conditions were established to give the macrocycle as the major product. Key steps in the construction of the RCM substrate include a highly efficient Evans syn‐aldol reaction, the asymmetric Brown allylation of angelic aldehyde, and the stereoselective Zn(BH4)2‐mediated 1,2‐reduction of an enone. The synthesis was completed by late‐stage dehydrative glycosylation to introduce the d‐arabinofuranosyl moiety and final chemoselective allylic alcohol oxidation.
Delivery of myo‐Inositol Hexakisphosphate to the Cell Nucleus with a Proline‐Based Cell‐Penetrating Peptide
Authors: Li Mao , Puschmann Robert , Herdlitschka Andreas , Fiedler Dorothea , Wennemers Helma 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6) is a central member of the inositol phosphate messengers in eukaryotic cells. Tools to manipulate the level of InsP6, particularly with compartment selectivity, are needed to enable functional cellular studies. We present cationic octa‐(4S)guanidiniumproline (Z8) for the delivery of InsP6 into the cell nucleus. CD spectroscopy, binding affinity, dynamic light scattering, and computational studies revealed that Z8 binds tightly to InsP6 and upon binding undergoes a conformational change from a PPII‐helical structure to a structure that forms aggregates. The unique conformational features of the cationic oligoproline enable complex formation and cellular delivery of InsP6 with considerably greater efficacy than the flexible counterpart octaarginine.
Acute recurrent bradycardia with evoked potential loss during transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion
Authors: Schwan C. P. , Pedersen M. R. , Tavanaiepour K. , Tavanaiepour D. , Hoefnagel A. L. , Mongan P. D. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryDuring a transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion a patient experienced acute intermittent bradycardia with manipulation of the intervertebral body space, followed by loss of somatosensory evoked potentials that did not recover. Postoperative evaluation revealed new bilateral lower extremity sensory and motor deficits. We postulate an afferent reflex arc to explain this and other reported instances of bradycardia and asystole during transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion surgery. Awareness of the association between bradycardia during lumbar spine surgery may alert anaesthetists, surgeons and neuromonitoring teams to impending neurological harm.