bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Praperadilan Penetapan Status Tersangka Dalam Dugaan Tindak Pidana Korupsi
Authors: Firdaus Ilham , Dewi Anak Agung Sagung Laksmi , Karma NI Made Sukaryati 
Published: November 2020

Abstrak—Praperadilan ialah wewenang Pengadilan Negeri tentang memeriksa, memutus sah atau tidaknya penangkapan atau penahanan, sah atau tidaknya penghentian penyidikan atau penghentian penuntutan, serta mengenai permintaan ganti kerugian atau rehabilitasi. MK telah menetapkan mengenai objek praperadilan baru antara lain mengenai sah atau tidaknya penetapan tersangka, penggeledahan dan penyitaan. Penelitian ini dilakukan yaitu untuk menelaah tantang putusan Pengadilan Nomor: 21/PID.PRAP/2017/PN.DPS mengenai peneteapan status tersangka dalam dugaan tindak pidana korupsi, adapun permasalahannya ialah (1) mengenai dasar pertimbangan hakim yang membatalkan status tersangka? (2) bagaimana akibat hukum dari putusan praperadilan tersebut?. Dalam kajian ini, Penulis menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif serta pendekatan perundang-undangan yang menggunakan pendekatan konseptual. Adapun sumber bahan hukum yaitu bahan hukum primer berupa KUHAP, UU No. 20 Tahun 2001, dan UU No.48 Tahun 2009, serta bahan hukum sekunder ialah literatur dan jurnal hukum yang ada hubungannya dengan permasalahan, selanjutnya dianalisis kualitatif dan disajikan dalam bentuk deskriptif analitis. Status tersangka haruslah didasarkan pada bukti permulaan atau bukti awal yang cukup, ketentuan tersebut secara jelas diatur oleh KUHAP. Penetapan tersangka tindak pidana korupsi haruslah dibuktikan dengan adanya kerugian keuangan negara yang nyata telah ada atau timbul artinya, audit resmi yang dikeluarkan oleh BPK sebagai dasar atau acuan untuk membuktikan adanya kerugian keuangan negara (SEMA Nomor 4 tahun 2016). Pembuktian dan pertimbangannya melihat tidak adanya atau tidak menemukan bukti permulaan yang cukup maka, bukan tidak mungkin akibat hukum penetapan status tersangkanya tidak sah.
Pelaksanaan Kewenangan Kejaksaan Negeri Denpasar dalam Penuntutan Tindak Pidana Narkotika oleh Anak
Authors: Dewi Komang Ayu Sintia , Budiartha I Nyoman Putu , Sugiartha I Nyoman Gede 
Published: November 2020

Abstrak—Kekuasaan negara yang merdeka terutama pelaksanaan kewenangan dan tugas di bidang penuntutan merupakan tugas Kejaksaan sebagai lembaga pemerintahan yang ketentuannya sesuai Pasal 30 Undang-undang Kejaksaan Republik Indonesia Nomor 16 Tahun 2014. Penanganan tindak pidana anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum diatur dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana dan berbeda dengan orang dewasa dilihat secara kuantitas dan kualitas dalam melakukan perbuatan melawan hukum contohnya penyalahgunaan narkotika. Adapun rumusan masalah (1) bagaimanakah pelaksanaan kewenangan dari Kejaksaan Negeri Denpasar dalam penuntutan tindak pidana narkotika anak? (2) apakah faktor penghambat dari penuntutan anak yang melakukan tindak pidana narkotika di Kejaksaan Negeri Denpasar? Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode hukum empiris. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sudah sinkron antara regulasi yang mengatur kewenangan kejaksaan dalam penuntutan dengan pelaksanaan kewenangan kejaksaan dalam penuntutan di Kejaksaan Negeri Denpasar dan faktor penghambat dari pelaksanaan kewenangan Kejaksaan Negeri Denpasar dalam penuntutan tindak pidana narkotika anak yaitu faktor prasarana dan sarana, kesadaran dari masyarakat serta dari anak yang bersangkutan. Upaya penanggulangan yang dilakukan Kejaksaan Negeri Denpasar antara lain dengan Program Jaksa Menyapa, Jaksa Masuk Sekolah serta aplikasi Wayan Adhyaksa.
Tindak Pidana Pelaku Penyebaran Konten Pornografi Terhadap Anak Dibawah Umur
Authors: Wiraguna Komang , Dewi Anak Agung Sagung Laksmi , Widyantara I Made Minggu 
Published: November 2020

Abstrak—Anak menjadi bagian dari penerus bangsa yang sangat menentukan seluruh nasib bangsa ini di masa yang akan datang, semua anak di dunia berhak untuk mendapatkan hak hidupnya untuk terus berkembang. Di dalam masyarakat sering dijumpai bahwa anak menjadi Pelaku Tindak Pidana Penyebaran suatu Konten Pornografi yaitu masalah hukum yang menyangkut tentang suatu gambar, foto, video, ilustrasi, sketsa, yang memuat tentang aksi cabul sesuai undang-undang Nomor 44 Tahun 2008. Anak yang terikat dalam kasus pidana akan di proses untuk di adili dalam peradilan Pidana khusus Anak sesuai dengan undang-undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012. Anak yang telah melakukan tindakan pidana akan diberikan perlindungan hukum. Tujuan dari penelitian ini agar dapat mengetahui bagaimana akibat hukum bagi anak yang menyebarkan konten porno, serta pertimbangan hakim dalam menjatuhkan putusan. Penulisan ini bersifat Normatif karena menggunakan pendektan perundang-undangan dan perbandingan hukum. Di dalam persidangan anak hakim yang menangani perkara adalah hakim khusus anak.
Kekuatan Alat Bukti Akta Otentik Dalam Pembuktian Perkara Perdata
Authors: Septianingsih Komang Ayuk , Budiartha I Nyoman Putu , Dewi Anak Agung Sagung Laksmi 
Published: November 2020

Abstrak—Akta otentik ialah suatu akta yang dilterbitkan yang bentuknya telah diatur dalam undang-undang, diterbitkan oleh atau didepan pejabat umum yang berkompeten di bidang itu ditempat atau dimana dibuatnya akta, dan adapun pejabat umum yang berkompeten menerbitkan akta otentik yaitu seorang Notaris maupun PPAT. Pokok permasalahannya yaitu bagaimana kekuatan akta otentik dalam pembuktian pada perkara perdata dan bagaimana tanggung jawab notaris terhadap akta otentik yang batal demi hukum. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah tipe penelitian hukum normatif. Sedangkan pendekatan masalah yang adalah pendekatan masalah pendekatan konseptual, dilakukan dengan meneliti pandangan yang terjadi di dalam perkembangan ilmu hukum serta pendekatan perundang-undangan, dilakukan dengan mengkaji dari aspek hukum yang mempunyai hubungan dengan isu hukum yang ditelaah. Nilai kekuatan pembuktian lahiriah, nilai kekuatan pembuktian formal dan nilai kekuatan pembuktian materiil ialah yang di cakup pada akta otentik. Bertanggung jawab apabila terjadi kelalaian dan kesalahan terhadap isi akta yang dibuat dihadapannya merupakan tanggung jawab notaris. Dalam dunia kenotariatan dikenal 2 jenis sanksi, yakni sanksi perdata dan sanksi administratif. Sanksi tersebut dijatuhkan kepada notaris apabila akta itu dibuatnya terdapat kesalahan atau perbuatan melanggar hukum, selain itu pula mampu menjadikan akta itu menjadi batal demi hukum.
Multiple Unite Pellet Systems (MUPS) as Drug Delivery model
Authors: Majeed Saad M. , Al-Shaheen Mohammed K. , Al-Zidan Radhwan Nidal , Mahmood Sameer M. 
Published: November 2020

Multiparticulate drug delivery systems are mainly oral dosage form, consist of small discrete units that exhibit different characteristics especially in release pattern and drug bioavailability. These systems are represented by granules, pellets, microspheres, microcapsules, and minitablets. Pellets offer high flexibility in the design, formulation, and development of oral dosage forms such as sachet, suspension, capsule, and tablet. Multiparticulate tablets manufactured by compaction of multiple unite pellets is one of the latest and, yet, challenging technologies. Multiparticulate tablets combine the benefits of both a tablet and a pellet-filled capsule in one dosage form but their manufacturing experience many difficulties. The oral multiparticulate products consist of polymer-coated subunits or pellets, which are embedded in an inert excipients’ matrix, formulated to overcome the difficulty in administering capsules and improve the physicochemical stability of suspension and offer predictable release and uniform distribution in the gastro-intestinal tract compared to the plain tablet. This review discusses the advantages and drawbacks of MUPS, the properties of an ideal MUPS, various pharmaceutical applications of MUPS, the challenges and key variables that to be considered in the tableting process for successful production of MUPS
Keywords: MUPS®, Pellets, Multiparticulate tablets.
Effects of Momordica charantia (Bittergourd) and Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) Supplements in Type-2 Diabetics Taking Allopathic Drugs
Authors: Sinha Ragni , Maskey Robin , Adhikari Sunil , Sarraf Deependra Prasad 
Published: November 2020

Background: Bittergourd fruit and Fenugreek seeds are the herbal supplements well known with glucose and lipid-lowering properties.
Objective: To assess the effects of Bittergourd and Fenugreek supplements in Type-2 diabetics taking allopathic drugs on blood sugar and lipid profile.
Methods: Open-label, 4-parallel-group, prospective interventional clinical trial was conducted on 48 Type-2 diabetics.They were divided in to four groupsof 12 each. Group Ireceived allopathic drugs alone, Group II, III and IV received supplementation of Bittergourd juice, Fenugreek seeds and Bittergourd juice+Fenugreek seeds together respectively. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), postprandial blood sugar (PPBS) and fasting lipid profile were measured on day 0,7, 15, 30 and 90. P-value was set at 0.05 level of significance. One-way ANOVA and post-hoc multiple comparison by Tukey was applied using SPSS version 21.
Results: Forty two participants completed the study with no adverse events. Supplementation with Bittergourd juice + Fenugreek on day 90 significantly (p-value=0.021) lowered FBS by 19% (p-value=0.021) and PPBS by 35% (p-value=0.001). Supplementation with Fenugreek and Bittergourd juice+Fenugreek both on day 90 significantly (p-value=0.000) lowered serum cholesterol by 16% and 14%, Serum triglyceride by 16% and 21% and LDL-cholesterol by 18% and 17%; however, only Fenugreek supplementation was significantly (p-value=0.015) able to increase HDL-cholesterol by 10%.
Conclusion: Effects of different herbal supplements in Type-2 diabetics for 90 days was observed. Bittergourd juice+Fenugreek seeds combination can lower FBS and PPBS. Both Fenugreek seeds and Bittergourd juice+Fenugreek seeds combination could lower serum cholesterol, Triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol. However, only Fenugreek seeds were capable of increasing serum HDL-cholesterol.
Keywords: Bittergourd; Fenugreek; Herbal-supplement; Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Ameliorative efficacy of novel multi herbal formulation (AKSS16-LIV01) upon Haematological modulations induced by fixed dose combination of tramadol hydrochloride/paracetamol (THP)
Authors: Darbar Soumendra , Saha Srimoyee , Pramanik Kausikisankar , Chattopadhyay Atiskumar 
Published: November 2020

Background: Tramadol hydrochloride/paracetamol (THP) a fixed dose combination (FDC) is widely spread analgesic used to treat moderate to moderately severe pain. Over dose or chronic use of this fixed dose combination produce serious adverse effects. An acute Tramadol hydrochloride/paracetamol (THP) overdose can lead to a fatal liver damage.
Objectives: There is a worldwide need to develop a safe and symptomatic medication which controls the different medical complications.
Materials and Methods: Healthy adult swiss albino mice were assigned to four groups of six mice each according to their weights. Group-I serve as control, Group-II received Multi herbal formulation (AKSS16 LIV01) 400 mg/kg/day, Group-III received Tramadol hydrochloride/paracetamol (THP) 1.68 g / 300ml water and Group-IV received THP along with AKSS16-LIV01 (400 mg/kg). Blood samples were collected from the retro orbital plexus of each animal to determine various blood parameters and liver transaminase. Results: Administration of THP showed decline body weight, food consumption and water intake in mice whereas treatment with Multi herbal formulation (AKSS16-LIV01) normalized the same as compared with untreated animals. Treatment with THP (Group-III) decline the packed cell volume (PCV), haempglobin (Hb), means cell volume (MCV), means cell hemoglobin (MCH) and greater the white blood cell (WBC) compared with control. Pre-treatment with AKSS16-LIV01 significantly (p<0.001) increased the PCV, Hb, MCH, MCH and decreased WBC count in experimental animals. On the other hand elevated liver transaminase enzymes i.e. AST and ALP by THP was restored with administration of Multi herbal formulation (AKSS16-LIV01).
Conclusion: Chronic administration of THP indicated adverse effects on haematologic parameters upon experimental animals. Simultaneous administration with newly developed multi herbal formulation (AKSS16-LIV01) was ameliorate these adverse effects and may be potent drug In the future which controls the blood related medical complications against the toxicants.
Keywords: Tramadol hydrochloride/paracetamol; Fixed dose combination; Multi herbal formulation; Hematologic parameters; Liver transaminase; Swiss albino mice
Immunomodulatory Effect of Sodium Saccharin and Potassium Acesulfame in BALB/C Mice in Short-Term Trials
Authors: Remil Asma , Benali Mohammed 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Sweeteners are molecules that give a sweet taste to a foodstuff. The question of the correct use of sweeteners is still being studied because the results of investigations are often contradictory.
Objective: the current study aims at evaluating the risk of short-term immunotoxicity induced by sodium saccharin and potassium acesulfame in BALB/c mice.
Methods: Animals are given low concentrations of sweeteners (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%) in drinking water for 90 days. During this period, a subcutaneous immunization is conducted. Blood is taken from the retro-orbital sinus and the animals are sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Weight measurements and histological studies have involved spleen, thymus, bladder and lungs. Levels of immunoglobulins are measured by reversed single radial immunodiffusion.
Results: A significant rise in the consumption of sweeteners is found in the groups receiving doses of 1% and 2% (p<0.05). Organ weight is not affected in both sexes (p>0.05). Histology shows no tissue abnormality of thymus and lungs in groups consuming sweeteners. However, histological disturbances of the spleen are observed in mice that have received the dose of 2%. Histological study of bladder has revealed hyperplasia in the groups receiving 1% and 2% of sweeteners. Immunodiffusion assay shows no change in immunoglobulin levels in the groups consuming sweeteners (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Sweeteners have adverse effects on the immune system in BALB/c mice and induce histological abnormalities in the spleen and bladder.
Keywords: Sweeteners, Saccharin, Potassium Acesulfame, Immunotoxicity, Immunoglobulins, Reversed single Radial Immunodiffusion.
Emerging Trends in the Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases in the Southeast Region of Nigeria
Authors: Nkpozi Marcellinus , Adukwu Benjamin , Ezeude Chidiebele , Onwere Stephen 
Published: November 2020

Background and Objective: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are leading causes of non-communicable diseases and are increasingly becoming the major causes of morbidity and mortality in Nigeria. Published literature on the changing patterns and outcome of CVD admissions in the southeast region of Nigeria is scanty. This study, therefore, set out to bridge this gap in knowledge.
Subjects and Methods: This was a 10-year retrospective descriptive study in which data about patients admitted on account of the CVDs to the medical wards of Abia State University Teaching Hospital (ABSUTH), Aba from May 1, 2007 to April 30, 2017 were extracted from the Admission/Discharge registers in the medical wards. Relevant data obtained were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 software.
Results: A total of 2044 patients were admitted because of CVDs, made up of 927 (45.4%) males and 1117 (54.6%) females. Cerebrovascular disease (stroke), heart failure (HF) and uncontrolled systemic hypertension (SHTN) were the major cardiovascular indications for hospitalization at 44.08%, 38.85% and 15.31% respectively. With an overall CVD mortality of 24.9% of the medical admissions, the commonest cause of CVD deaths was stroke. Majority of the CVD deaths (70.9%) occurred within the first 7 days of hospitalization
Conclusion: Contribution of cardiovascular diseases to medical admissions is considerable in Aba, Southeast Nigeria. In-patient mortality of the CVDs is high especially from stroke. It is recommended that every effort should be made to control the modifiable risk factors of CVDs while early detection and treatment of CVDs be effected.
Keywords: Aba, cardiovascular diseases, medical wards, non-communicable diseases, Southeast, Nigeria
Observation of Water Behavior in the Contact Area between Porous Rubber and a Mating Surface during Sliding
Authors: Minami Yusuke , Iwai Tomoaki , Shoukaku Yutaka 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Porous rubber is often used as the tread rubber of studless tires because of its higher coefficient of friction on icy surfaces, as the real contact area is larger because of its lower elastic modulus. It is said that the real contact area increases owing to the water absorption into the pores. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of pores on the surface of porous rubber during sliding under wet conditions. In this experiment, porous rubber was rubbed with a dove prism under wet conditions, so as to measure the coefficient of friction in concurrence with observing the friction surface. The total internal reflection method was adopted to distinguish the real contact area from the wet contact area. The real contact area was observed as a black area in captured image. Particle-tracking velocimetry was also conducted to visualize the water flow in the vicinity of pores during the sliding. The results of this study show that the absorption of water into the pores was not observed. The pore contained an air bubble during the sliding. The water flow detouring around the air bubble in the pore was also observed. In regard to contact, the front edge of the pore was not in contact with the mating dove prism. On the other hand, the rear edge of the pore was clearly seen as a black arc even if the pore left the dove prism. Thus, the rear edge of the pore contacting with the dove prism most likely wipes the water, so that the coefficient of friction of rubber with the pore was higher than that without the pore.
Finite Element Analysis of the Thermal Characteristics and Parametric Study of Steady Rolling Tires
Authors: Wang Youshan , Wei Yintao , Feng Xijin , Yao Zhenhan 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
This article presents a numerical thermomechanical analysis and parametric study of steady rolling tires that are treated as axisymmetric structures for simplification. Under periodic stress–strain cycles, during tire rolling, internal heat will be generated because of energy loss from the tire material. A general-purpose, finite element program is used to model this two-dimensional heat conduction with distributed, internal heat sources, whereas an in-house code for tire simulation performs the underlying three-dimensional structure and heat-generation rate analysis. The tire belts and carcasses are modeled using layer solid elements with transverse, isotropic, thermomechanical properties, whereas the rubber components are made of isotropic materials. The goal of this article is to develop a simple and easy methodology for simulating tire thermomechanical behavior. Furthermore, the parametric study for the highest shoulder temperature (HST), which is widely accepted as one of the triggers of tire failure, has been performed. The HST sensitivities to the selected parameters have been computed from the simulated temperature fields under different conditions, which provide a guidance to improve the tire structural, material, and pattern designs.
A Study on Minimum Rolling Resistance
Authors: Rhyne Timothy B. , Cron Steven M. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT:
Tire rolling resistance has been a topic of study since the invention of the pneumatic tire. There is currently a heightened interest in this topic because of the need to minimize fuel consumption of vehicles and the introduction of regulations regarding both the maximum allowable rolling resistance and consumer labeling for rolling resistance. The question arises as to how low tire rolling resistance can go. Tire energy loss can be written as the product of the material deformations, the volume of material deformed, and the loss property of the material. The last two terms of the energy loss equation will be considered fixed. This article concentrates on the deformation term. The current paradigm of the steel-belted radial tire is assumed. The minimum deformations required for the function of the tire are established, and the assumption is made that all other deformations are parasitic and can in theory be eliminated. Analytical expressions for the dominant necessary deformations are developed, and the functional relationship for minimum rolling resistance is determined. The functioning point required to reach the minimum rolling resistance is established. The functional relationships are compared with experimental data taken by the whole tire hysteresis method.
On-Road Fuel Consumption Testing to Determine the Sensitivity Coefficient Relating Changes in Fuel Consumption to Changes in Tire Rolling Resistance
Authors: Bradley Calvin R. , Delaval Arnaud 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT:
Tire rolling resistance is one of the primary forces opposing motion on passenger vehicles. New regulations appearing around the world will provide information on tire rolling resistance to consumers. The linear relationship between fuel savings and rolling resistance has been previously demonstrated. Extensive testing in real-world driving conditions has validated previous models. The result is a measured sensitivity coefficient for North American usage, which relates the changes in vehicle fuel consumption of E10 gasoline to changes in rolling resistance. This sensitivity coefficient is shown to not be significantly different between a compact car, a medium-sized sedan, and a full-sized pickup truck. Results provide a simple and robust way for end consumers to predict the impact of tire choice on their fuel consumption and CO2 emissions using tire label information.
Deformation Index–Based Modeling of Transient, Thermo-mechanical Rolling Resistance for a Nonpneumatic Tire
Authors: Gibert James M. , Ananthasayanam Balajee , Joseph Paul F. , Rhyne Timothy B. , Cron Steven M. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
When competing in performance with their pneumatic counterparts, nonpneumatic tires should have several critical features, such as low energy loss when rolling over obstacles, low mass, low stiffness, and low contact pressure. In recent years, a nonpneumatic tire design was proposed to address each of these critical issues [1]. In this study, the steady state and transient energy losses due to rolling resistance for the proposed nonpneumatic tire are considered. Typically, such an analysis is complex because of the coupling of temperature on the structural deformation and the viscoelastic energy dissipation, which requires an iterative procedure. However, researchers have proposed a simplified analysis by using the sensitivity of the tire's elastic response to changes in material stiffness through a deformation index [2–4]. In the current study, the method is exploited to its full potential for the nonpneumatic tire due to the relatively simple nature of deformation in the tire's flexible ring and the lack of several complicating features present in pneumatic tires, namely, a heated air cavity and the complex stress state due to its composite structure. In this article, two models were developed to predict the transient and steady-state temperature rise. The first is a finite element model based on the deformation index approach, which can account for thermo-mechanical details in the tire. Motivated by the simplicity of the thermo-behavior predicted by this finite element model, a simple lumped parameter model for temperature prediction at the center of the shear band was developed, which in many cases compares very well with the more detailed finite element approach due to the nature of the nonpneumatic tire. The finite element model can be used to, for example, explore the design space of the nonpneumatic tire to reach target temperatures by modifying heat transfer coefficients and/or material properties.