bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing return on investment in health libraries requires lateral thinking
Authors: Urquhart Christine 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study considers the status of trends in value and impact research in health libraries and discusses how return on investment approaches such as social value analysis could be used. It uses an example, based on the Health Education England evaluation framework for health library and knowledge services, to outline how a theory of change can be developed. Health libraries now work more closely with health care staff and researchers in co‐creating value and impact for improving patient care. Therefore, collection of data to assess social value should be drawn not only from performance data already collected by libraries, but also data collection by and for the health care organisation on evaluation of care quality and professional competence.
Peer‐led information literacy training: a qualitative study of students’ experiences of the NICE Evidence search Student Champion Scheme
Authors: Aylward Kathryn , Sbaffi Laura , Weist Anne 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Evidence search Student Champion Scheme aims to enable undergraduate health and social care students to teach their peers skills for information literacy (IL), thereby encouraging future evidence‐based practice.ObjectivesTo analyse the Student Champions’ teaching methods; discover what effects the Scheme had on their IL; and uncover any differences between disciplines.MethodsFifty‐one reflective reports, written by Student Champions and submitted to NICE, were thematically analysed using a non‐linear six‐stage model. Four health disciplines from academic year 2017/2018 were featured.Results(a) Students preferred active teaching methods; (b) reported benefits of participation included gaining/developing new skills and increased confidence; (c) students believed that participating improved their skills for IL; (d) multiple recommendations for improving the Scheme were given; and (e) students wanted the Scheme to be offered earlier in their degrees.DiscussionChampions from all disciplines positively benefit from participating in the Scheme. However, they also have concerns which are not well‐documented in the literature.ConclusionStudent Champions have overall positive experiences. There is demonstrated improvement in their IL, and they become familiar with a useful evidence‐based practice resource. They also offer recommendations for future improvements to the Scheme.
Advanced Multilevel Monte Carlo Methods
Authors: Jasra Ajay , Law Kody , Suciu Carina 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThis article reviews the application of some advanced Monte Carlo techniques in the context of multilevel Monte Carlo (MLMC). MLMC is a strategy employed to compute expectations, which can be biassed in some sense, for instance, by using the discretization of an associated probability law. The MLMC approach works with a hierarchy of biassed approximations, which become progressively more accurate and more expensive. Using a telescoping representation of the most accurate approximation, the method is able to reduce the computational cost for a given level of error versus i.i.d. sampling from this latter approximation. All of these ideas originated for cases where exact sampling from couples in the hierarchy is possible. This article considers the case where such exact sampling is not currently possible. We consider some Markov chain Monte Carlo and sequential Monte Carlo methods, which have been introduced in the literature, and we describe different strategies that facilitate the application of MLMC within these methods.
Climate‐associated genetic variation in Fagus sylvatica and potential responses to climate change in the French Alps
Authors: Capblancq Thibaut , Morin Xavier , Gueguen Maya , Renaud Julien , Lobreaux Stéphane , Bazin Eric 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLocal adaptation patterns have been found in many plants and animals, highlighting the genetic heterogeneity of species along their range of distribution. In the next decades, global warming is predicted to induce a change in the selective pressures that drive this adaptive variation, forcing a reshuffling of the underlying adaptive allele distributions. For species with low dispersion capacity and long generation time such as trees, the rapidity of the change could impede the migration of beneficial alleles and lower their capacity to track the changing environment. Identifying the main selective pressures driving the adaptive genetic variation is thus necessary when investigating species capacity to respond to global warming. In this study, we investigate the adaptive landscape of Fagus sylvatica along a gradient of populations in the French Alps. Using a double‐digest restriction‐site‐associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing approach, we identified 7,000 SNPs from 570 individuals across 36 different sites. A redundancy analysis (RDA)‐derived method allowed us to identify several SNPs that were strongly associated with climatic gradients; moreover, we defined the primary selective gradients along the natural populations of F. sylvatica in the Alps. Strong effects of elevation and humidity, which contrast north‐western and south‐eastern site, were found and were believed to be important drivers of genetic adaptation. Finally, simulations of future genetic landscapes that used these findings allowed identifying populations at risk for F. sylvatica in the Alps, which could be helpful for future management plans.
Evaluation of weakly acidic electrolyzed water and modified atmosphere packaging on the shelf life and quality of farmed puffer fish (Takifugu obscurus) during cold storage
Authors: Li Peiyun , Chen Zhijie , Tan Mingtang , Mei Jun , Xie Jing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe combined effect of weakly acidic electrolyzed water (WAEW) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) treatments on the quality of puffer fish (Takifugu obscurus) during cold storage was studied on aspects of microbiological activity, texture, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N), trimethylamine (TMA), free amino acids (FAAs), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), ATP‐related compounds and K value, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and organoleptic properties. As a result, significantly (p < .05) higher inhibitory effects on total viable counts (TVC), H2S‐producing bacteria (including Shewanella putrefaciens), Pseudomonas spp., and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were observed in WAEW‐treated puffer fish packaged in 60%CO2/5%O2/35%N2 atmosphere than that in air package and vacuum package with/without WAEW‐treated samples. In addition, chemical results showed that WAEW together with MAP treatments were highly efficient in maintaining lower TVB‐N, TMA, and TBARS values in refrigerated puffer fish. Moreover, the presence of WAEW combined with MAP treatments showed positive effects on retarding the relative content of fishy flavor compounds, such as 1‐octen‐3‐ol, 1‐penten‐3‐ol, hexanal, heptanal, nonanal, decanal, (E)‐2‐octenal, and 2,3‐butanedione. As a whole, the combined effect of WAEW and MAP on refrigerated puffer fish is advisable to maintain better quality and extend the shelf life.
In vitro proliferation of human epidermal melanocytes biopsied from multiple anatomical sites
Authors: Yang Hui‐Ju , Yang Kuo‐Chia , Wang Yu‐Fen , Yang Yuan‐Ting , Ko Jiunn‐Liang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundVitiligo is an acquired disease that involves low pigment variation in the skin. The use of cultured melanocytes for treatment of recalcitrant vitiligo has become a well‐established treatment modality. In vitro cultured melanocytes present an effective autologous transplantation treatment modality for vitiligo. The present study investigated the in vitro culture of epidermal melanocytes sampled from multiple body parts, as well as the differences in total propagation time.MethodsSkin specimens were collected from 30 participants (14 males and 16 females) who supplied normal colored skin sections from various regions of their body, including the face, chest, abdomen, buttock, and extremities. Subsequently, all of these specimens were treated with an identical melanocyte purification and culturing process.ResultsMelanocytes from the face demonstrated the most rapid growth and longest total propagation time. Melanocytes from the buttock, abdomen, and extremities displayed similar results to one another, and melanocytes from the chest and back had the slowest growth and shortest total propagation time.ConclusionSelecting the most favorable site to obtain epidermal melanocytes will reduce the required quantity of skin and culturing time, and maximize the growth and total propagation time of melanocytes. Therefore, care should be exercised when selecting the region of skin when culturing epidermal melanocytes.
Low‐GGT intrahepatic cholestasis associated with biallelic USP53 variants: Clinical, histological and ultrastructural characterization
Authors: Zhang Jing , Yang Ye , Gong Jing‐Yu , Li Li‐Ting , Li Jia‐Qi , Zhang Mei‐Hong , Lu Yi , Xie Xin‐Bao , Hong Yu‐Ren , Yu Zhang , Knisely A. S. , Wang Jian‐She 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsIn about 20% of children with cholestasis and normal or low serum gamma‐glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity, no aetiology is identified. We sought new genes implicated in paediatric hepatobiliary disease.MethodsWe conducted whole‐exome sequencing in 69 children evaluated at our centre from 2011 to 2018 who had low‐GGT cholestasis and in whom homozygous/compound heterozygous predictedly pathogenic variants (PPVs) in ATP8B1, ABCB11, NR1H4, MYO5B or TJP2 were not found. Clinical records and findings on light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy of liver biopsy materials were reviewed.ResultsIn seven patients from seven unrelated families, biallelic PPVs (10 in total) were found in USP53, recently associated with intrahepatic cholestasis. Seven variants were classified as pathogenic: one canonical splicing, c.569 + 2T > C, and six nonsense or frameshifting: c.169C > T (p.Arg57Ter), c.581delA (p.Arg195GlufsTer38), c.831_832insAG (p.Val279GlufsTer16), c.1012C > T (p.Arg338Ter), c.1426C > T (p.Arg476Ter) and c.1558C > T (p.Arg520Ter). Three were likely pathogenic: c.297G > T (p.Arg99Ser), c.395A > G (p.His132Arg) and c.878G > T (p.Gly293Val). In all patients, jaundice began at age <7 months. Cholestasis was transient, with documented resolution of hyperbilirubinaemia in all (oldest patient now aged 5 years) except one, who was lost to follow‐up. Light microscopy identified intralobular cholestasis, giant‐cell change of hepatocytes and perisinusoidal‐perihepatocytic and portal‐tract fibrosis. Ultrastructural study revealed elongated hepatocyte‐hepatocyte tight junctions. One patient was deaf.ConclusionUSP53 interacts with the tight junction constituent TJP2. TJP2 mutation can cause low‐GGT intrahepatic cholestasis, with elongated hepatocyte‐hepatocyte tight junctions, as well as deafness. Our findings extend a preliminary report of USP53 disease and indicate that USP53 mutation may generate a partial phenocopy of TJP2 disease.
Better governance for integrated management of the Lake Biwa—Yodo River Basin
Authors: Nakatsuka Norio , Kosaka Shoji , Taki Kentaro , Nakamura Masahisa , Nakagawa Hiroji 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe present study discusses the efforts of the Union of Kansai Governments to resolve serious issues in the Lake Biwa—Yodo River Basin in Japan. It identifies many of the issues related to the basin on a ‘no man's land’ mindset of today's governmental framework, which has constrained both the will and the approach to remedy the associated problems. It also highlights better governance that not only encourages individual efforts, but also promotes collaboration and cooperation among the major stakeholders in the area, as important to developing acceptable solutions to relevant issues. The present study also recognizes objective scientific evidence as an effective driver for improving governance, being the basis for making informed decisions and highlighting the use of appropriate indicators to evaluate the conditions characterizing a specific location or the basin as a whole. The present study also describes the Union of Kansai Governments as a behind‐the‐scenes coordinator that gathers knowledge and intelligence on the basin, and works to integrate policies by getting basin stakeholders to gradually improve governance by repeating a cycle of: (a) recognizing the current situation; (b) identifying relevant issues to be addressed; (c) establishing a framework and policy for collaboration and corporation; and (d) taking necessary actions. To this end, the present study discusses the studies and efforts of the Union of Kansai Governments to develop and implement integrated management of this important interlinked lake–river water system in Japan.
Ambivalent sexism of nursing students in Turkey and South Korea: A cross‐cultural comparison study
Authors: Tekkas Kader K. , Beser Ayse , Park Sihyun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCulture has become increasingly important concepts in nursing in the era of globalization. Nurses' cultural biases and prejudices are huge obstacles to their caring for patients from diverse cultural backgrounds. Therefore, this study examined sexism among nursing students from two patriarchal societies: Turkey influenced by Islam, and South Korea influenced by Confucianism. For this comparative study, we used the survey data from the sample of 560 nursing students, 309 from Turkey and 251 from South Korea. The findings showed that both samples showed high levels of sexism, both hostile and benevolent. When comparing the two samples, Turkish nursing students showed significantly higher sexism than did Korean students. Additionally, in both countries, male participants showed higher scores on sexism, especially hostile sexism. In terms of age, older students in Turkey showed lower levels of benevolent sexism. We hope the findings of this study can provide evidence to develop customized transcultural nursing education content in the context of different ethnicities and to help nurses and nursing students from specific cultural backgrounds in becoming aware of their own cultures.
Botrytis cinerea induces local hypoxia in Arabidopsis leaves
Authors: Valeri Maria Cristina , Novi Giacomo , Weits Daan A. , Mensuali Anna , Perata Pierdomenico , Loreti Elena 
Published: March 2020

Summary

Low oxygen availability often is associated with soil waterlogging or submergence, but may occur also as hypoxic niches in otherwise aerobic tissues. Experimental evidence assigns a role in Botrytis cinerea resistance to a group of oxygen‐unstable Ethylene Response Factors (ERF‐VII). Given that infection by B. cinerea often occurs in aerobic organs such as leaves, where ERF‐VII stability should be compromised, we explored the possibility of local leaf hypoxia at the site of infection.

We analyzed the expression of hypoxia‐responsive genes in infected leaves. Confocal microscopy was utilized to verify the localization of the ERF‐VII protein RAP2.12. Oxygen concentration was measured to evaluate the availability of oxygen (O2).

We discovered that infection by B. cinerea induces increased respiration, leading to a drastic drop in the O2 concentration in an otherwise fully aerobic leaf. The establishment of a local hypoxic area results in stabilization and nuclear relocalization of RAP2.12. The possible roles of defence elicitors, ABA and ethylene were evaluated.

Local hypoxia at the site of B. cinerea infection allows the stabilization of ERF‐VII proteins. Hypoxia at the site of pathogen infection generates a nearly O2‐free environment that may affect the stability of other N‐degron‐regulated proteins as well as the metabolism of elicitors.
A Parsons Tale: Tractarian Reflections on a Semantical Paradox
Authors: Dillard Peter S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAccording to Charles Parsons, a liar sentence does not express a proposition at the level of its primary use but does at the level where it is subjected to semantic interpretation. Thus, richer ontological resources unavailable at the level of primary use are available at the level of interpretation. In response to the objection that the correct semantic interpretation of a liar sentence is thereby distorted, I explain how Wittgenstein’s repudiation of “logical objects” and the Tractarian notion of an intrinsically iterative operation show that the liar sentence’s primary use anticipates but does not presuppose the richer interpretive ontology.
Availability of Hats That Meet Australian Sun‐safety Standards at a Major Canberra Shopping Complex
Authors: Kanellis Vangelis George , Kanellis Alice Louise 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGood sun‐safety practice includes wearing sun‐protective hats that must meet defined photoprotective criteria such as the 2017 Australian/New Zealand standard (AS/NZS 4399:2017). This study investigated the availability of sun‐safe hats during a three‐day cross‐sectional survey in November 2019 by visiting every shop in a single large multi‐store shopping complex in Australia. Hats were categorized according to whether the target customer was an adult or child prior to the assessment of design suitability for sun safety according to the standard. Of the 260 shops in the study shopping center, 30 (12%) sold hats. Of the 524 hats examined in the study, 69% of all commercially available hats for adults and children did not meet the standard. Of the 9% of hats that had swing tags claiming an Ultraviolet Protection Factor of 50 (UPF‐50), about half were not sun safe. Further research is needed to investigate the possibility of whether sun‐safety hat standards should be given to retailers of hats for display, or whether manufacturers could be required to put warning labels on all hats that do not meet sun‐safety hat standards.
Solubilization of Hexyl Aminolevulinate by Surfactants for Tumor Fluorescence Detection
Authors: Ma Lirong , Yang Xuanlin , Yao Xiuzhong , Weng Weiyu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHexyl aminolevulinate (HAL) is a lipophilic derivative of 5‐aminolevulinic acid (5‐ALA) and can induce more protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) formation and stronger fluorescence intensity (FI) than 5‐ALA, which will greatly facilitate photodynamic diagnosis and therapy. The main drawback of HAL is its low solubility in neutral aqueous media. In this study, surfactants were used to increase HAL solubility in the cell culture medium and serum, followed by in vitro fluorescence formation measurement in human pancreatic cancer cells (SW1990) and in vivo fluorescence detection in tumor‐bearing mice. The results showed that Tween 80 (TW80) and Kolliphor® HS 15 (HS15) increased the solubility of HAL in the selected media. Although TW80 and HS15 exhibited in vitro cytotoxicity at high concentrations (5 mg mL−1), they facilitated fluorescent signal formation at the early stage of cell incubation. When surfactants were used, the FI should be determined without the routine washing process because surfactant‐containing culture medium caused the loss of synthesized PpIX during the washing process. When HAL dissolved in TW80 solution was injected intraperitoneally into pancreatic cancer‐bearing mice at a dose of 50 mg kg−1, the tumors exhibited red fluorescence, which indicated that systemic administration of surfactant‐solubilized HAL might be applicable for tumor fluorescence detection in vivo.
Alcohol consumption of UK members of parliament: cross-sectional survey
Authors: Rao Rahul , Bakolis Ioannis , Das-Munshi Jayati , Poulter Daniel , Votruba Nicole , Thornicroft Graham 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesThis study examined the prevalence of risky drinking by members of parliament (MPs), as well as the relationship between risky drinking and age, years spent as an MP, working outside parliament, awareness of the Parliamentary Health and Wellbeing Service, and probable mental ill health.DesignA survey questionnaire assessed alcohol consumption using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Risky drinking was identified by combining categories of increasing (hazardous), higher (harmful) and probable dependent drinking for those with a total score of 8 or more. Comparator groups from the 2014 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (APMS) were used as controls.SettingUK House of Commons.Participants650 MPs.ResultsCompared with all 650 MPs, participants (n=146) were more likely to be female (p<0.05) or have an educational qualification (p<0.05). Weighted proportions on AUDIT items were higher than the APMS comparator group for participants who had a drink four or more times a week, 10 or more drinks on a typical drinking day, six or more drinks in one occasion, or felt guilty because of drinking (p<0.01). Weighted percentages for risky drinking were higher in MPs compared with the whole English population (p<0.05), but similar when compared with socioeconomic comparator groups. The odds of risky drinking were 2.74 times greater for MPs who had an additional work role outside parliament compared with those who did not (95% CI 0.98 to 7.65) and 2.4 times greater for MPs with probable mental ill health compared with those with no evidence of probable mental ill health (95% CI 0.78 to 7.43).ConclusionsA low level of awareness of the Parliamentary Health and Wellbeing Service has implications for improving the detection of risky drinking and improving access to this service by MPs. Possible increased likelihood of risky drinking in MPs who also had an additional work role outside Parliament and among those with probable mental ill health requires further exploration.
openQ*D code: a versatile tool for QCD+QED simulations
Authors: Campos Isabel , Fritzsch Patrick , Hansen Martin , Marinkovic Marina Krstic , Patella Agostino , Ramos Alberto , Tantalo Nazario 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe present the open-source package (. GitLab: https://gitlab.com/rcstar/openQxD. CSIC: https://dx.doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/8591. https://hdl.handle.net/10261/173334, 2019), which has been primarily, but not uniquely, designed to perform lattice simulations of QCD+QED and QCD, with and without $$\mathrm {C}^*$$C∗ boundary conditions, and O(a) improved Wilson fermions. The use of $$\mathrm {C}^*$$C∗ boundary conditions in the spatial direction allows for a local and gauge-invariant formulation of QCD+QED in finite volume, and provides a theoretically clean setup to calculate isospin-breaking and radiative corrections to hadronic observables from first principles. The code is based on (Simulation program for lattice QCD ( code). https://cern.ch/luscher/openQCD, 2016) and (Numerical Stochastic Perturbation Theory ( code). https://cern.ch/luscher/NSPT, 2017). In particular it inherits from several core features, e.g. the highly optimized Dirac operator, the locally deflated solver, the frequency splitting for the RHMC, or the 4th order OMF integrator.