bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy Metabolism Analysis of Three Different Mesenchymal Stem Cell Populations of Umbilical Cord Under Normal and Pathologic Conditions
Authors: Russo Eleonora , Lee Jea-Young , Nguyen Hung , Corrao Simona , Anzalone Rita , La Rocca Giampiero , Borlongan Cesar V. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHuman umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) are a pivotal source of therapeutically active cells for regenerative medicine due to their multipotent differentiation potential, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory proprieties, as well as logistical collection advantages without ethical concerns. However, it remains poorly understood whether MSCs from different compartments of the human umbilical cord are therapeutically superior than others. In this study, MSCs were isolated from Wharton’s jelly (WJ-MSCs), perivascular region (PV-MSCs) and cord lining (CL-MSCs) of hUC. These cells expressed the mesenchymal markers (CD90, CD73), stemness marker (OCT4), endothelial cell adhesion molecular marker (CD146), and the monocyte/macrophage marker (CD14) found within the MSC population implicated as a key regulator of inflammatory responses to hypoxia, was displayed by WJ-, PV-, and CL-MSCs respectively. A direct consequence of oxygen and glucose deprivation during stroke and reperfusion is impaired mitochondrial function that contributes to cellular death. Emerging findings of mitochondria transfer provide the basis for the replenishment of healthy mitochondria as a strategy for the treatment of stroke. Cell Energy Phenotype and Mito Stress tests were performed the energy metabolic profile of the three MSC populations and their mitochondrial function in both ambient and OGD cell culture conditions. PV-MSCs showed the highest mitochondrial activity. CL-MSCs were the least affected by OGD/R condition, suggesting their robust survival in ischemic environment. In this study, MSC populations in UC possess comparable metabolic capacities and good survival under normal and hypoxic conditions suggesting their potential as transplantable cells for mitochondrial-based stem cell therapy in stroke and other ischemic diseases.
Flow structure in the wake of a space-launcher model with propulsive-jet simulation
Authors: Schreyer Anne-Marie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe flow around a space launcher is dominated by flow separation at the junction between the main body and engine and strongly influenced by the propulsive jet. The flow field is highly unsteady with strong local pressure and temperature loads. To conceive a means of mitigating these effects and allow for smarter launcher designs, a better understanding is necessary. The wake of a generic axisymmetric launcher model with and without afterexpanding propulsive jet was investigated at Mach 2.9, a Reynolds number$$\text {Re}_D=1.3\cdot 10^6$$ReD=1.3·106(model diameter D), and a nozzle exit velocity of the jet simulation of Mach 2.5. I observed the evolution of the flow and its spectral content with velocity measurements with particle image velocimetry and wall-pressure recordings. Coherent structures were analyzed based on a proper orthogonal decomposition. The propulsive jet has two major influences. First, the turbulent intensities in the shear layer are damped, and the larger structures in the wake contain less turbulent kinetic energy than in the baseline case without propulsive jet. Second, the reattachment process is modified and the wake instability phenomena change accordingly. Without propulsive jet, large-scale separation with reattachment on the nozzle fairing occurs and the low-frequency unsteadiness of the closed separation bubble/recompression-shock system is relevant. This phenomenon only has a minor influence under the influence of the jet plume, where the flow is displaced away from the surface and the reattachment process is incomplete. Here, shear-layer instabilities become more prominent.
Palaeofloristics of Lower Gondwana Exposure near Kumunda Village, Angul District, Talcher Basin, Odisha, India: A Comprehensive Study on Megafloral and Palynofloral Assemblages
Authors: Sahoo Mrutyunjaya , Goswami Shreerup , Aggarwal Neha , Pillai Sankar Suresh Kumar 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Megafloristics and palynology of a fossiliferous section near Kumunda Village, Angul district, Talcher Basin, Odisha have been studied. The exposure is located at 20°58'32" N latitude and 85°01'45" E longitude. The megafloral assemblage of the investigated section comprises Glossopteris, Vertebraria indica (Glossopteridales); Trizygia speciosa (Sphenophyllales); Schizoneura gondwanensis, Equicetaceous stems (Equisetales) and Neomariopteris hughesii (Filicales) along with stem casts. The genus Glossopteris dominates the assemblage with 20 different species and more than 60% in occurrence. The specimens are preserved as both impressions and compressions on compact, fine-grained carbonaceous shales. In addition, two distinct palynofloral assemblages have been recognized in this section. Palyno-assemblage-I is characterized by the predominance of Striatopodocarpites spp. and Faunipollenites spp., while Palynoassemblage-II is dominated by Striatopodocarpites spp. and Faunipollenites spp. along with Densipollenites spp. The Palynoassemblages I and II correlate with Striatopodocarpites– Faunipollenites assemblage zone and StriatopodocarpitesDensipollenites assemblage zone respectively of the Late Permian Raniganj Formation in the Damodar Basin. The presence of key species viz., Densipollenites magnicorpus, Falcisporites nuthallensis, Strotersporites spp., Lunatisporites pellucidus, Guttulapollenites hannonicus, Corisaccites alutus, Weylandites lucifer and Hamiapollenites bifurcates in these palynoassemblages assign their affinity to the Late Permian. The present palynological investigations have identified the presence of Raniganj/Lower Kamthi (Late Permian) sediments exposed near Kumunda village, which is lithologically designated as Barakar Formation (Early Permian). Hence a precise and more thorough sampling for palynological studies and detailed geological mapping of this area should be attempted to delimit more accurately the distribution of the different Lower Gondwana formations in this investigated area of this basin. The rich diversity of Glossopteris leaves in the fine sediments infers seasonal falling and favourable conditions for plant growth with warm, humid (very high), temperate climate with intermittent rainfall during this period in Talcher Basin.
An inclusive consistency check procedure for quality control methods of the black oil laboratory data
Authors: Hashemi Seyed Mohammad Hossein , Monfaredi Kazem , Sedaee Behnam 
Published: March 2020

AbstractInvalid PVT data provide high uncertainty in field development studies such as reservoir fluid compartmentalization, reserve estimation, reservoir simulation, production engineering, and surface facility design. Then, consistency check should be conducted to ensure the validity of PVT data and to identify the most representative PVT sample(s). In this paper, preliminary and complementary consistency check of PVT laboratory methods was applied to design a new comprehensive validity check procedure for verification of the reservoir fluid properties. This procedure would be ascertained whether or not the data could be used as the most representative fluid sample in further studies. The data used in this study were collected from seven undersaturated oil reservoirs, and challenges were observed through the 28 full set of available PVT laboratory data. In our study quality checking procedure of PVT samples consists of different methods such as graphical method, recombination and material balance check for well stream composition test, Buckley, modified Wilson and Hoffman plot, Watson characterization factor, Y-function of CCE test, Y-function of DL test, compositional material balance of DL test, overall mass balance for density, Bo and GOR of DL test and density check for separator test. After implementing the applicable proposed checking procedure to detect the validity of laboratory PVT sample, only 9 out of 28 PVT samples were satisfied all the preliminary and complementary check methods. Furthermore, a practical strategy, to select representative reservoir fluid sample, was also provided and discussed based on the consistency check, well condition check and comparison of fluid properties.
Influence of welding stresses on relief cracking during heat treatment of a creep-resistant 13CrMoV steel: part I—effect of heat control on welding stresses and stress relief cracking
Authors: Kromm A. , Lausch T. , Schroepfer D. , Rhode M. , Kannengiesser T. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe avoidance of failures during the fabrication or operation of petrochemical reactors made of creep-resistant, low-alloy steels as 13CrMoV9-10 requires still research despite over 60 years of international investigations in the field of stress relief cracking. The quality of modern base materials and filler metals leads to the fact that previously known crack causes, such as impurities of S or P, recede into the background. Rather, the causes are increasingly to be found in the fabrication process. Investigations on the influence of heat control on the stresses in welded components and thus on the stress relief cracking sensitivity under realistic manufacturing conditions are not yet available. This work is subdivided in two parts. Part 1 of this study focused on the effect of heat control during submerged arc welding on the stresses. For this purpose, a testing facility was applied, which allows to observe the forces and moments accumulating during welding or heat treatment in a component-like specimen under shrinkage restraint. The stress acting in the specimen increases with higher preheat/interpass temperatures and higher heat input. During the heat treatment, the stresses are relieved. Nevertheless, cracks are formed already during heating. The total crack length correlates with the heat input.
3D bare-hand interactions enabling ubiquitous interactions with smart objects
Authors: Ong S. K. , Wang X. , Nee A. Y. C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUbiquitous augmented reality (UAR) implementation can benefit smart shop floor operations significantly. UAR from a user’s first-person view can support and provide the user with suitable and comprehensive information without him/her being distracted from ongoing tasks. A natural hand-based interaction interface, namely, a mobile bare-hand interface (MBHI), is proposed to assist a user in exploring and navigating a large amount of information for a task in the user’s first-person view. The integration of a smart shop floor and UAR-based MBHI is particularly challenging. A real shop floor environment is composed of challenging conditions for the implementation of UAR, e.g., messy backgrounds and significant changes in illumination conditions. Meanwhile, the MBHI is required to provide precise and quick responses to minimize the difficulty of a user’s task. In this study, a wearable UAR system integrated with an MBHI is proposed to augment the shop floor environment with smart information. A case study is implemented to demonstrate the practicality and effectiveness of the proposed UAR and MBHI system.
Ökonomische Bildung in Deutschland
Authors: Loerwald Dirk 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungSeit vielen Jahrzehnten wird in Wissenschaft, Gesellschaft und Politik die Frage diskutiert, ob und in welcher Form ökonomische Bildung ein integraler Bestandteil von Allgemeinbildung sein soll. Im Vergleich zu Schulfächern wie beispielsweise Geschichte, Erdkunde, Musik oder Biologie ist die Situation für die ökonomische Bildung sehr heterogen. Jedes Bundesland geht eigene Wege. Im Ergebnis verlassen manche Schülerinnen und Schüler die weiterführenden Schulen mit ökonomischen Grundkenntnissen, viele andere haben Ökonomie in ihrer Schullaufbahn eher in homöopathischen Dosen erfahren. Mit Blick auf die augenscheinliche Relevanz von Wirtschaft für Individuen und Gesellschaft sollte das nachdenklich stimmen. Aufgrund der heterogenen Situation und der zum Teil defizitär verankerten ökonomischen Bildung im allgemeinbildenden Schulwesen hat sich Ende 2019 das Bündnis für Ökonomische Bildung Deutschland (BÖB) gegründet. Als Netzwerk von Lehrkräften, Verbänden, Wirtschaft und Wissenschaft setzt sich dieses Bündnis für die Stärkung der ökonomischen Bildung ein. Konkret wird eine nationale Strategie für ökonomische Bildung in Deutschland gefordert, die bundesweit eine hinreichende Verankerung in den Lehrplänen und eine fachlich und fachdidaktisch fundierte Ausbildung von Lehrkräften gewährleistet. Zu diesem Bündnis gehören mittlerweile ca. 70 Institutionen und die Grundposition ist in einem Eckpunktepapier nachzulesen, das in dieser Ausgabe des LIST-Forums abgedruckt ist. Die in diesem Papier sehr verdichtet zusammengetragenen Eckpunkte basieren auf z. T. umfassenden fachdidaktischen Argumenten, die in jahrelangen Diskursen entwickelt wurden. Die Grundzüge dieser Diskurse sollen im vorliegenden Beitrag entfaltet werden, womit eine fachdidaktische Einordnung vorgenommen werden kann.
Signs your cyber security is doomed to fail
Authors: Chung Marcus 
Published: March 2020

Cybercrime represents big money for cyber criminals. Unfortunately, that will likely equate to significant operational and financial losses for unprepared businesses. While most enterprises have come to terms with the fact that a future security incident is inevitable, many still struggle to translate this into the right security architecture and mindset. One of the reasons is that too many organisations buy into some persistent misconceptions regarding cyber security. They also make some basic errors in their attitudes towards the threats and how their organisations should deal with them. Marcus Chung of BoldCloud Looks at seven of the most common problems that could indicate your business is at risk.
Gluten-Free: Where’s the Beef?
Authors: Ates Aaron M. , Lusk Jayson L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis research seeks to determine effects of rising interest in gluten-free foods on U.S. retail food demand and, ultimately, producer and consumer welfare. Increased gluten-free interest led to a modest reduction in cereals and bakery demand and increases in meat, alcoholic beverages, and food away from home demand. Combining estimated effects with an equilibrium displacement model suggests the reduction in cereal and bakery demand decreases wheat and barley producer profits by US$7.2 million/year. After accounting for positive demand impacts on other products, results indicate wheat and barley supply is redistributed away from food production into animal production, increasing wheat producer welfare.
Nonsingular bilinear maps revisited
Authors: Domínguez Carlos , Lam Kee Yuen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA bilinear map $\varPhi :\mathbb {R}^r\times \mathbb {R}^s\to \mathbb {R}^n$ is nonsingular if $\varPhi (\overrightarrow {a},\overrightarrow {b})=\overrightarrow {0}$ implies $\overrightarrow {a}=\overrightarrow {0}$ or $\overrightarrow {b}=\overrightarrow {0}$. These maps are of interest to topologists, and are instrumental for the study of vector bundles over real projective spaces. The main purpose of this paper is to produce examples of such maps in the range $24\leqslant r\leqslant 32,\ 24\leqslant s\leqslant 32,$ using the arithmetic of octonions (otherwise known as Cayley numbers) as an effective tool. While previous constructions in lower dimensional cases use ad hoc techniques, our construction follows a systematic procedure and subsumes those techniques into a uniform perspective.
Extreme districts, moderate winners: Same-party challenges, and deterrence in top-two primaries
Authors: Crosson Jesse 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn an effort to break the link between districts' lack of competitiveness and the election of ideologues, Washington and California recently adopted the “top-two” primary election system. Among other features, the top-two primary allows members of the same party to run against one another in the general election. Although proponents argue that this system encourages the election of more moderate candidates in highly partisan districts, early reports have uncovered mixed evidence of this effect. This study addresses this puzzle by first disentangling the conditions under which one should expect such primaries to encourage the election of more moderate candidates. Using election returns data from the 2008 through 2014 elections, I find that districts facing same-party general-election competition do elect more moderate legislators than similar districts not subject to same-party competition. However, using an application of a common regression discontinuity diagnostic test, I also find that elite actors appear able to strategically avoid this kind of competition—partially explaining why broader effects of the top-two have not been uncovered. The findings contribute not only to ongoing debates about the effectiveness of the top-two primary, but also to our understanding of how political elites may maneuver institutional changes to their own benefit.
The working class and early retirement in Denmark: individual push factors
Authors: Qvist Jeevitha Yogachandiran 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPrevious research finds that members of the working class have a higher risk of early retirement compared to professionals because they are pushed into early retirement. This indicates that not all workers can respond to incentives to extend their working life. Yet, little previous work has been conducted to quantify systematically the extent to which push factors explain why members of the working class have a higher risk of early retirement compared to professionals. Using longitudinal data on Danish workers, the results suggest that members of the working class have an increased risk of early retirement compared to professionals, but poor health, previous spells of unemployment and low job quality mediate a large part of this effect. Among men, the push factors mediate 57 and 86 per cent of the effect of social class on early retirement for skilled manual and unskilled manual workers, respectively. Among women, the push factors mediate 43 and 55 per cent of the effect of social class on early retirement for skilled manual and unskilled manual workers, respectively. Overly physical work demands is the most important mediator, which explains between 23 and 31 per cent of the total effect of belonging to the working class on early retirement. Moreover, the magnitudes of the indirect effects of the push factors depend on the particular pathway into retirement.
Time series analysis and forecasting of chlamydia trachomatis incidence using surveillance data from 2008 to 2019 in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Weng R. X. , Fu H. L. , Zhang C. L. , Ye J. B. , Hong F. C. , Chen X. S. , Cai Y. M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection has been a major public health threat globally. Monitoring and prediction of CT epidemic status and trends are important for programme planning, allocating resources and assessing impact; however, such activities are limited in China. In this study, we aimed to apply a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model to predict the incidence of CT infection in Shenzhen city, China. The monthly incidence of CT between January 2008 and June 2019 in Shenzhen was used to fit and validate the SARIMA model. A seasonal fluctuation and a slightly increasing pattern of a long-term trend were revealed in the time series of CT incidence. The monthly CT incidence ranged from 4.80/100 000 to 21.56/100 000. The mean absolute percentage error value of the optimal model was 8.08%. The SARIMA model could be applied to effectively predict the short-term CT incidence in Shenzhen and provide support for the development of interventions for disease control and prevention.
Availability of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-authorised retailers’ voluntary commitments to encourage healthy dietary purchases using marketing-mix and choice-architecture strategies
Authors: Houghtaling Bailey , Serrano Elena , Kraak Vivica I , Harden Samantha M , Davis George C , Misyak Sarah 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjective:To examine public commitments for encouraging United States consumers to make healthy dietary purchases with their Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits among of prevalent SNAP-authorised retailers.Setting:National SNAP-authorised retail landscape in addition to stores located in California and Virginia, two states targetted for a Partnership for a Healthier America pilot social marketing campaign.Participants:SNAP-authorised retailers with the most store locations in selected settings.Design:A review of retailers’ publicly available business information was conducted (November 2016–February 2017). Webpages and grey literature sources were accessed to identify corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports and commitments describing strategies to encourage healthy consumer purchases aligned with the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Evidence was organised using a marketing-mix and choice-architecture (MMCA) framework to characterise strategies used among eight possible types (i.e. place, profile, portion, pricing, promotion, priming, prompting and proximity).Results:Of the SNAP-authorised retailers (n 38) reviewed, more than half (n 20; 52·6 %) provided no information in the public domain relevant to the research objective. Few retailers (n 8; 21·1 %) had relevant CSR information; grey literature sources (n 52 articles across seventeen retailers) were more commonly identified. SNAP-authorised retailers in majority committed to increasing the number of healthy products available for purchase (profile).Conclusions:Substantial improvements are needed to enhance the capacity and commitments of SNAP-authorised retailers to use diverse strategies to promote healthy purchases among SNAP recipients. Future research could explore feasible approaches to improve dietary behaviours through sector changes via public–private partnerships, policy changes, or a combination of government regulatory and voluntary business actions.
The art of aiming at a moving target: A critique of Lechner and Frost’s Practice Theory and International Relations
Authors: STAPPERT NORA 
Published: March 2020

Abstract:How can we account for the normative dimension of international practices? Silviya Lechner and Mervyn Frost’s Practice Theory and International Relations answers this question by proposing, with a considerable degree of epistemological sophistication, what the authors call ‘normative descriptivism’, which they combine with a focus on ‘macro practices’. In this contribution, I start by examining the authors’ engagement with IR’s practice turn, and the insights this engagement may offer on the underlying objective of their approach. I then turn to Lechner and Frost’s decision to eclipse history. The contribution concludes by using the evolution of international law as a cursory illustration of the types of analyses Lechner and Frost’s approach would lead to. It thereby emphasises potential challenges inherent in the authors’ combination of internalism as rooted in individual self-consciousness and a focus on ‘macro practices’, including the possibility that it might limit the potential to critically question the standard that becomes identified as universal.