bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minor compositional alterations in faecal microbiota after five weeks and five months storage at room temperature on filter papers
Authors: von Huth Sebastian , Thingholm Louise Bruun , Bang Corinna , Rühlemann Malte C. , Franke Andre , Holmskov Uffe 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe gut microbiota is recognized as having major impact in health and disease. Sample storage is an important aspect to obtain reliable results. Mostly recommended is immediate freezing, however, this is not always feasible. Faecal occult blood test (FOBT) papers are an appealing solution in such situations, and most studies find these to be applicable, showing no major changes within 7 days storage at room temperature (RT). As fieldwork often requires RT storage for longer periods, evaluation of this is warranted. We performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing of 19 paired faecal samples immediately frozen or kept five weeks and five months at RT on FOBT papers. Alpha-diversity evaluation revealed no effect of FOBT storage, and evaluation of beta-diversity showed that host explained 65% of community variation, while storage method explained 5%. Evaluation of community dispersion and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio revealed a larger effect of storage time for fresh-frozen samples. Single taxa evaluation (order-to-genus level) showed significant alterations of four (of 37) genera after five weeks and five genera after five months. When comparing the two timepoints, alterations were only detectable for fresh-frozen samples. Our findings reveal that long term storage on FOBT papers is an applicable approach for microbiota research.
Dietary delphinidin inhibits human colorectal cancer metastasis associating with upregulation of miR-204-3p and suppression of the integrin/FAK axis
Authors: Huang Chi-Chou , Hung Chia-Hung , Hung Tung-Wei , Lin Yi-Chieh , Wang Chau-Jong , Kao Shao-Hsuan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDelphinidin is a flavonoid belonging to dietary anthocyanidin family that has been reported to possess diverse anti-tumoral activities. However, the effects of delphinidin on colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Thus, we aimed to investigate the anti-cancer activity of delphinidin in CRC cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms. The effects of delphinidin on the viability, metastatic characteristics, signaling, and microRNA (miR) profile of human CRC cell lines used were analyzed. In vivo metastasis was also evaluated using xenograft animal models. Our findings showed that delphinidin (<100 μM) inhibited the colony formation of DLD-1, SW480, and SW620 cells, but non-significantly affected cell viability. Delphinidin also suppressed the migratory ability and invasiveness of the tested CRC cell lines, downregulated integrin αV/β3 expression, inhibited focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/Src/paxillin signaling, and interfered with cytoskeletal construction. Analysis of the miR expression profile revealed a number of miRs, particularly miR-204-3p, that were significantly upregulated and downregulated by delphinidin. Abolishing the expression of one upregulated miR, miR-204-3p, with an antagomir restored delphinidin-mediated inhibition of cell migration and invasiveness in DLD-1 cells as well as the αV/β3-integrin/FAK/Src axis. Delphinidin also inhibited the lung metastasis of DLD-1 cells in the xenograft animal model. Collectively, these results indicate that the migration and invasion of CRC cells are inhibited by delphinidin, and the mechanism may involve the upregulation of miR-204-3p and consequent suppression of the αV/β3-integrin/FAK axis. These findings suggest that delphinidin exerts anti-metastatic effects in CRC cells by inhibiting integrin/FAK signaling and indicate that miR-204-3p may play an important role in CRC metastasis.
Characterization of the enzymatic activity of the serine protease domain of Factor VII activating protease (FSAP)
Authors: Nielsen Nis V. , Roedel Elfie , Manna Dipankar , Etscheid Michael , Morth Jens Preben , Kanse Sandip M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFactor VII (FVII) activating protease (FSAP) is a circulating serine protease. Human genetic studies, based on the Marburg I (MI) (Gly221Glu, chymotrypsin numbering system) polymorphism, implicate FSAP in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Here, we describe the molecular and functional changes caused by the Gly221Glu substitution in the 220 loop using recombinant proteins expressed in E. coli. The serine protease domain (SPD) of wild type (WT) FSAP displayed auto-catalytic activation whereas the MI isoform displayed very low autocatalytic activation and low proteolytic activity against the chromogenic substrate S-2288, Factor VII, tissue factor pathway inhibitor as well as pro-urokinase. Introduction of a thermolysin cleavage site in the activation position (Arg15Gln) led to cleavage of both WT- and MI-SPD and the resulting WT-SPD, but not the MI-SPD, was active. Mutating the Gly221 position to Asp, Gln and Leu led to a loss of activity whereas the Ala substitution was partially active. These results suggest a disturbance of the active site, or non-accessibility of the substrate to the active site in MI-SPD. With respect to regulation with metal ions, calcium, more than sodium, increased the enzymatic activity of WT-SPD. Thus, we describe a novel method for the production of recombinant FSAP-SPD to understand the role of the MI-single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the regulation of its activity.
Corrosion and Thermal Stability of CrMnFeNi High Entropy Alloy in Molten FLiBe Salt
Authors: Elbakhshwan Mohamed , Doniger William , Falconer Cody , Moorehead Michael , Parkin Calvin , Zhang Chuan , Sridharan Kumar , Couet Adrien 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe corrosion behavior of the FCC Cr18Mn27Fe27.5Ni27.5 high entropy alloy (HEA) after exposure to molten FLiBe salt at 700 °C for 1000 hours, has been investigated. Results show that the HEA lost a higher mass compared to the reference 316 H stainless steel due to the dissolution of Mn into the molten salt. The loss of Mn from the alloy appeared to discourage the dissolution of Cr in the molten fluoride salts which is widely recognized as the mechanism of corrosion degradation. Thermal exposure at 700 °C for 1000 hours also led to the precipitation of an additional BCC phase Cr67Fe13Mn18.5Ni1.5, which was confirmed by CALPHAD predictions.
Genome-wide association analyses identify two susceptibility loci for pachychoroid disease central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Hosoda Yoshikatsu , Miyake Masahiro , Schellevis Rosa L. , Boon Camiel J. F. , Hoyng Carel B. , Miki Akiko , Meguro Akira , Sakurada Yoichi , Yoneyama Seigo , Takasago Yukari , Hata Masayuki , Muraoka Yuki , Nakanishi Hideo , Oishi Akio , Ooto Sotaro , Tamura Hiroshi , Uji Akihito , Miyata Manabu , Takahashi Ayako , Ueda-Arakawa Naoko , Tajima Atsushi , Sato Takehiro , Mizuki Nobuhisa , Shiragami Chieko , Iida Tomohiro , Khor Chiea Chuen , Wong Tien Yin , Yamada Ryo , Honda Shigeru , de Jong Eiko K. , Hollander Anneke I. den , Matsuda Fumihiko , Yamashiro Kenji , Tsujikawa Akitaka 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe recently emerged pachychoroid concept has changed the understanding of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which is a major cause of blindness; recent studies attributed AMD in part to pachychoroid disease central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), suggesting the importance of elucidating the CSC pathogenesis. Our large genome-wide association study followed by validation studies in three independent Japanese and European cohorts, consisting of 1546 CSC samples and 13,029 controls, identified two novel CSC susceptibility loci: TNFRSF10A-LOC389641 and near GATA5 (rs13278062, odds ratio = 1.35, P = 1.26 × 10−13; rs6061548, odds ratio = 1.63, P = 5.36 × 10−15). A T allele at TNFRSF10A-LOC389641 rs13278062, a risk allele for CSC, is known to be a risk allele for AMD. This study not only identified new susceptibility genes for CSC, but also improves the understanding of the pathogenesis of AMD.
Early Speech Rate Development: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Tendera Anna , Rispoli Matthew , Senthilselvan Ambikaipakan , Loucks Torrey M. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
Our knowledge of speech rate development remains inadequate because of limited longitudinal data and lack of data from children under age 3;0 (years;months). The purpose of this longitudinal study was to test the pattern of speech rate development between ages 2;0 and 3;0.

Method
Speech rate was assessed at 4 time points between ages 2;0 and 3;0. The analysis employed multilevel models to characterize the development of speech rate (syllables per second), phonemes per second (PPS), length of active declarative sentences, and mean length of utterance.

Results
The results indicate a significant linear increase in speech rate, PPS, length of active declarative sentences, and mean length of utterance occurring over the 1-year period. Male and female children differed in speech rate, PPS, and utterance length, suggesting sex is a potential factor in early speech rate development.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that the speech motor system develops rapidly during the period when grammar emerges. Speech rate has the potential to be an important metric for understanding typical speech development and speech disorders.
Improved Pyrolysis Model of Polymer Materials under Windy Conditions
Authors: Yang Lizhong , Lai Dimeng , Zheng Yuan , Peng Fei 
Published: December 2019

The polymer materials are widely used in various occasions, of which polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA) is used in architectural transparent roofs, telephone booths, stairs, and their fire risk is getting more and more attention.
The ignition conditions （critical surface temperatures and critical mass flow rates） of polymer materials have extensively researched, but their internal heat transfer studies have been relatively rare, especially in wind environments. Considering that internal heat transfer research is important for the heat transfer of multi-layer materials, the study of heat transfer inside materials is also worthy of attention.
In this work, we found that in-depth absorption theory is more suitable for solid pyrolysis models under wind conditions. An absorption coefficient depends with temperature are assumed, and it fits better than the constant absorption coefficient. In addition, this work made some improvements to the ignition model by employing the theory of in-depth absorption.
Fallstricke in der Dermatologie: Hautläsionen am Shuntarm einer Dialysepatientin durch Steal-Phänomen
Authors: Saternus R. , Stange B. , Körner R. , Glanemann M. , Vogt T. , Müller C. S. L. 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungWir berichten über eine 78-jährige dialysepflichtige Patientin, welche sich mit stark schmerzhaften Nekrosen distal eines Dialyseshunts vorstellte und bei der abschließend ein Steal-Phänomen diagnostiziert wurde. Beim Steal-Syndrom handelt es sich um eine seltene Komplikation eines Gefäßshunts durch Minderperfusion der Extremität distal der AV-Anastomose. Diabetiker sind aufgrund des höheren peripheren Gefäßwiderstandes und der Mikroangiopathie eher gefährdet, ein Steal-Syndrom nach Shuntanlage zu entwickeln. Der vorgestellte Fall soll verdeutlichen, dass das Steal-Syndrom dringlich in die differenzialdiagnostischen Überlegungen bei kutanen Nekrosen am Shuntarm einzuschließen ist und die Patienten schnellstmöglich gefäßchirurgisch vorzustellen sind, um einen Zeitverlust bis zur therapeutischen Intervention mit der Gefahr des irreversiblen Gewebsverlust und damit verbunden ggf. konsekutiv erforderliche Amputationen zu vermeiden.
Hyperthermie als wertvolle Ergänzung im Konzept der neuen onkologischen Immuntherapien
Authors: Sahinbas Hüseyin , Rösch Martin 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungBekannt ist, dass die Hyperthermie ein potenter Wirkverstärker der Strahlentherapie und von vielen Chemotherapien ist. Noch kaum wahrgenommen hingegen ist das interessante Potenzial dieser Methode in Hinblick auf eine Wirkverstärkung der in der Onkologie neu aufgekommenen Immuntherapien. Dieser Artikel stellt die neuen Immuntherapien am Beispiel der Checkpoint-Inhibitoren kurz vor und geht dann auf die Rationale ein, warum die Hyperthermie diese Ansätze fördernd unterstützt. Als Schlussfolgerung bietet sich die Überlegung an, Immuntherapien in Hinblick auf deren Effizienz mit Hyperthermie zu kombinieren. Interessant an dieser Option ist auch, dass im hier relevanten Temperaturbereich keine zusätzlichen unerwünschten Nebenwirkungen zu erwarten sind.
‘I Think I Was Born in the Wrong Place’: A Case of Ammonium muriaticum
Authors: Madsen Ruy 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis is the case of a woman with recurrent sinusitis. The remedy was selected according to the themes and classifications proposed by the contemporary authors of Classical Homeopathy: Mangialavori, Scholten and Sankaran. The result was a long-lasting physical and mental improvement.
Usefulness of Robinia pseudoacacia in the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: Agarwal Radhika 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background and Objective Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common condition observed in daily clinical practice. This study was undertaken to explore the usefulness of Robinia pseudoacacia in the treatment of GERD. Traditionally, since many centuries, Robinia pseudoacacia has been in use for various gastric disturbances in physiological doses. This study is an effort to understand its utility in GERD when prescribed on homoeopathic indications.
Methods A prospective, observational study was conducted at Bakson Homeopathic College and Hospital, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh from 2016 to 2018. Patients who were 20 to 60 years of age suffering from heartburn and regurgitation were screened. Purposive sampling technique was used to enrol 30 patients (17 males and 13 females), who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. The diagnosis was made on the basis of GERD questionnaire (GerdQ). Robinia pseudoacacia was prescribed in 6C potency in repeated doses to the enrolled patients on the clinical basis of symptom totality. The improvement in patients was assessed using GerdQ which was evaluated at baseline and after the 6 months treatment by using the paired ‘t’ test.
Results All enrolled cases completed the follow-up of 6 months. Out of the 30 cases, 1 case was cured, 26 showed a good improvement and 3 did not respond to the treatment. Overall, statistically significant difference was found in pre- and post-treatment GERDQ scores (p < 0.001).
Limitations include lack of control arm and prescription on common symptoms due to lack of characteristic symptoms.
Conclusion This study has shown positive results in terms of usefulness of Robinia pseudoacacia in the treatment of GERD. Further randomised controlled trial with long-term follow-ups need to be conducted for definite conclusions.
MECHANISMS OF LYSOSOMAL ENZYME RELEASE FROM LEUKOCYTES EXPOSED TO IMMUNE COMPLEXES AND OTHER PARTICLES
Authors: Weissmann Gerald , Zurier Robert B. , Spieler Paul J. , Goldstein Ira M. 
Published: December 2019

Human PMN release lysosomal enzymes (ß-glucuronidase, acid phosphatase) when exposed to immune complexes, but do not release cytoplasmic LDH. The cells remain viable, and failure of LDH to appear in supernatants is not due to selective absorption or inactivation. Release of enzymes is not due to platelet contamination and is only partially enhanced by fresh serum. The selective release of lysosomal enzymes after uptake of complexes resembles that induced by inert particles of zymosan, and can be distinguished from the concurrent release of all enzymes after cell death induced by membrane-lytic crystals of MSU. Uptake of complexes, zymosan, or MSU particles is accompanied by concomitant increases in C-1 oxidation of glucose. Although MSU-induced damage can be retarded by the presence of Tris buffer, immune complexes and zymosan selectively release lysosomal hydrolases in the presence or absence of Tris buffer.
Agents which elevate the level, within cells, of cAMP (PGE1, theophylline, 2-CA) and cAMP itself inhibit the selective extrusion of acid hydrolases from leukocytes without affecting the viability of cells. Leukocytes may respond to immune particles by regurgitating a portion of their lysosomal hydrolases during phagocytosis.
THE PRODUCTION OF PURPURA BY DERIVATIVES OF PNEUMOCOCCUS
Authors: Reimann Hobart A. , Julianelle Louis A. 
Published: December 2019

A study has been made of the variation in number of the blood platelets, and the red and white blood cells of white mice injected with pneumococcus extract. The blood platelets were greatly diminished after the injection, the greatest decrease usually occurring after 24 hours. Purpuric lesions usually developed when the number of blood platelets became less than 500,000 per c.mm. Regeneration of the platelets was accomplished by the 4th to the 9th day but there was an overregeneration and the return to normal did not take place until 2 weeks had elapsed.
The red cells were also greatly reduced in number, but the rate of their destruction and regeneration was somewhat slower than that of the platelets. The leucocytes were slightly if at all influenced by the pneumococcus extract.
Pneumococcus extracts were shown to be thrombolytic and hemolytic. Heat destroyed the activity of both the lysins in vitro. Heated extract produced purpura in mice but did not cause a severe anemia. Extracts adsorbed with either blood platelets or red blood cells showed a marked diminution in their thrombolytic and hemolytic activity in vitro. Such extracts, however, produced purpura as well as severe anemia and thrombopenia in mice.
STUDIES ON THE BACTERIOPHAGE OF D'HERELLE
Authors: Bronfenbrenner J. , Muckenfuss R. S. , Korb C. 
Published: December 2019

In VoL xliv, 5, page 614, the third column in Section A of Protocol V should show the death of all of the mice. Two died within 24 hours, two within 48 hours, and the last within 72 hours. The appended diagram giving the correction for this column can be pasted in place on the original protocol.
See PDF for Structure
THE EFFECTS OF ANAPHYLAXIS, AND OF HISTAMINE, UPON THE CORONARY ARTERIES IN THE ISOLATED HEART
Authors: Andrus E. Cowles , Wilcox Herbert B. 
Published: December 2019

Anaphylaxis in the isolated, perfused hearts of cats has been shown to be accompanied by a considerable, though transient, increase in coronary flow. This result is contrasted with that observed in the hearts of guinea pigs and rabbits in which the coronary arteries are constricted during anaphylaxis. Attention is directed to the fact that, in the hearts of these three species, the effects of anaphylaxis and of histamine are qualitatively parallel.
The characteristic anaphylactic response in the isolated hearts of guinea pigs has been evoked: (a) in the organs removed from immune animals, (b) by each of two antigens (horse serum and egg albumen) under conditions of double sensitization, and (c) upon exposure of the hearts of passively sensitized animals to the type-specific polysaccharide of the pneumococcus.
It is evident that, among the effects of anaphylaxis upon smooth muscle in various organs, there must be considered that upon the coronary arteries.
APPARENT VIOLATIONS OF THE ALL-OR-NONE LAW IN RELATION TO POTASSIUM IN THE PROTOPLASM
Authors: Osterhout W. J. V. 
Published: December 2019

In Vol. 37, No. 6, July 20, 1954, page 814, in the third paragraph, delete the first sentence and insert the following:
This equation gives excellent results with Nitella for example with 0.001 M KCl outside and 0.05 M KCl in the sap we may use concentrations in place of activities in the equation and put as = 0.05 and ao = 0.001. No allowance is made for any change in the concentration of incoming ions due to their combination with carrier molecules since this change would be small and difficult to estimate. If we put U = 73 and V = 1 we obtain P = 97 mv. which is close to the usual observed value.
The expression (73 –1) ÷ (73 + 1) = 0.973.
A patterning-free approach for growth of free-standing graphene nanoribbons using step-bunched facets of off-oriented 4H-SiC(0 0 0 1) epilayers
Authors: Shi Yuchen , Zakharov Alexei A , Ivanov Ivan G , Vinogradov Nikolay A , Yazdi G Reza , Syväjärvi Mikael , Yakimova Rositsa , Sun Jianwu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The tunable electronic structure of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) has attracted much attention due to the great potential in nanoscale electronic applications. Most methods to produce GNRs rely on the lithographic process, which suffers from the process-induced disorder in the graphene and scalability issues. Here, we demonstrate a novel approach to directly grow free-standing GNRs on step-bunched facets of off-oriented 4H-SiC epilayers without any patterning or lithography. First, the 4H-SiC epilayers with well-defined bunched steps were intentionally grown on 4 degree off-axis 4H-SiC substrates by the sublimation epitaxy technique. As a result, periodic step facets in-between SiC terraces were obtained. Then, graphene layers were grown on such step-structured 4H-SiC epilayers by thermal decomposition of SiC. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) studies reveal that the inclined step facets are about 13–15 nm high and 30–35 nm wide, which gives an incline angle of 23–25 degrees. LEEM and LEED results showed that the terraces are mainly covered by monolayer graphene and the buffer layer underneath it. STM images and the analysis of their Fourier transform patterns suggest that on the facets, in-between terraces, graphene is strongly buckled and appears to be largely decoupled from the surface.
Theory of valley-resolved spectroscopy of a Si triple quantum dot coupled to a microwave resonator
Authors: Russ Maximilian , Péterfalvi Csaba G , Burkard Guido 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We theoretically study a silicon triple quantum dot (TQD) system coupled to a superconducting microwave resonator. The response signal of an injected probe signal can be used to extract information about the level structure by measuring the transmission and phase shift of the output field. This information can further be used to gain knowledge about the valley splittings and valley phases in the individual dots. Since relevant valley states are typically split by several

, a finite temperature or an applied external bias voltage is required to populate energetically excited states. The theoretical methods in this paper include a capacitor model to fit experimental charging energies, an extended Hubbard model to describe the tunneling dynamics, a rate equation model to find the occupation probabilities, and an input–output model to determine the response signal of the resonator.