bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visualizing and Manipulating Biological Processes by Using HaloTag and SNAP‐Tag Technologies
Authors: Hoelzel Conner A. , Zhang Xin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractVisualizing and manipulating the behavior of proteins is crucial to understanding the physiology of the cell. Methods of biorthogonal protein labeling are important tools to attain this goal. In this review, we discuss advances in probe technology specific for self‐labeling protein tags, focusing mainly on the application of HaloTag and SNAP‐tag systems. We describe the latest developments in small‐molecule probes that enable fluorogenic (no wash) imaging and super‐resolution fluorescence microscopy. In addition, we cover several methodologies that enable the perturbation or manipulation of protein behavior and function towards the control of biological pathways. Thus, current technical advances in the HaloTag and SNAP‐tag systems means that they are becoming powerful tools to enable the visualization and manipulation of biological processes, providing invaluable scientific insights that are difficult to obtain by traditional methodologies. As the multiplex of self‐labeling protein tag systems continues to be developed and expanded, the utility of these protein tags will allow researchers to address previously inaccessible questions at the forefront of biology.
Mechanism and Application of the Catalytic Reaction of [NiFe] Hydrogenase: Recent Developments
Authors: Tai Hulin , Hirota Shun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHydrogenases (H2ase) catalyze the oxidation of dihydrogen and the reduction of protons with remarkable efficiency, thereby attracting considerable attention in the energy field due to their biotechnological potential. For this simple reaction, [NiFe] H2ase has developed a sophisticated but intricate mechanism with the heterolytic cleavage of dihydrogen, where its Ni−Fe active site exhibits various redox states. Recently, new spectroscopic and crystal structure studies of [NiFe] H2ases have been reported, providing significant insights into the catalytic reaction mechanism, hydrophobic gas‐access tunnel, proton‐transfer pathway, and electron‐transfer pathway of [NiFe] H2ases. In addition, [NiFe] H2ases have been shown to play an important role in biofuel cell and solar dihydrogen production. This concept provides an overview of the biocatalytic reaction mechanism and biochemical application of [NiFe] H2ases based on the new findings.
Effects of NIX‐mediated mitophagy on ox‐LDL‐induced macrophage pyroptosis in atherosclerosis
Authors: Peng Xue , Chen Hengmei , Li Yunyun , Huang Dake , Huang Baojun , Sun Dengqun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPyroptosis is a form of cell death that is uniquely dependent on caspase‐1. Pyroptosis involved in oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL)‐induced human macrophage death through the promotion of caspase‐1 activation is important for the formation of unstable plaques in atherosclerosis. The mitochondrial outer membrane protein NIX directly interacts with microtubule‐associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3). Although we previously showed that NIX‐mediated mitochondrial autophagy is involved in the clearance of damaged mitochondria, how NIX contributes to ox‐LDL‐induced macrophage pyroptosis remains unknown. Here, immunoperoxidase staining Nix expression decreased in human atherosclerosis. When we silenced NIX expression in murine macrophage cell, active caspase‐1, and mature interleukin‐1β expression levels were increased and LC3 was reduced. In addition, LDH release and acridine orange and ethidium bromide staining indicated that damage to macrophage cell membranes induced by ox‐LDL was substantially worse. Moreover, intracellular reactive oxygen species and NLRP3 inflammasome levels increased. Taken together, these results demonstrated that NIX inhibits ox‐LDL‐induced macrophage pyroptosis via autophagy in atherosclerosis.
Influence of cardiac arrest and SCAI shock stage on cardiac intensive care unit mortality
Authors: Jentzer Jacob C. , Henry Timothy D. , Barsness Gregory W. , Menon Venu , Baran David A. , Van Diepen Sean 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients with concomitant cardiac arrest (CA) and shock are at increased risk of mortality, even when stratified according to shock severity. We sought to determine whether the presence of ventricular fibrillation (VF) modified the relationship between CA and mortality in cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) patients.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed unique Mayo Clinic CICU patients admitted between 2007 and 2015. Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Intervention (SCAI) shock stages A through E were classified at admission. Hospital mortality in each SCAI shock stage was stratified by the presence of CA, VF CA, or non‐VF CA.ResultsWe included 9,898 patients with a mean age of 68 years (38% females). CA was present in 12%, including 53% with VF CA and 47% with non‐VF CA. Hospital mortality was higher in patients with CA compared to patients without CA (34% vs. 6%; adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 3.1, 95% CI [2.4, 4.0],p < .001), and patients with non‐VF CA had higher hospital mortality than patients with VF CA (44% vs. 25%; adjusted OR = 2.1, 95% CI [1.4, 3.0],p < .001). After adjustment, patients with any CA or non‐VF CA had higher hospital mortality at each SCAI stage, except stage E (all otherp < .05), whereas patients with VF CA did not (allp > .1).ConclusionsCA rhythm modifies the relationship between CA and mortality in CICU patients, when accounting for coma, shock, and organ failure. Outcome studies examining CA in patients with cardiogenic shock need to account for important differences such as CA rhythm.
Antithrombotic regimens for percutaneous coronary intervention of the left main coronary artery: The EXCEL trial
Authors: Brener Sorin J. , Lembo Nicholas J. , Kandzari David E. , Sabaté Manel , Gershlick Anthony H. , Banning Adrian P. , Buszman Paweł E. , Kosmidou Ioanna , Simonton Charles A. , Morice Marie‐Claude , Ben‐Yehuda Ori , Dressler Ovidiu , Zhang Zixuan , Sabik Joseph F. , Kappetein Arie Pieter , Serruys Patrick W. , Stone Gregg W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe compared the effect of bivalirudin or heparin and use or nonuse of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (GPI) on the outcome of left main coronary artery (LMCA) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the randomized EXCEL trial.BackgroundThe optimal antithrombotic regimen to support PCI of the LMCA remains controversial because of low representation of this subset in clinical trials.MethodsThe PCI cohort (n = 928) in EXCEL was divided according to bivalirudin versus heparin antithrombin treatment and compared for the primary composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction (MI), or stroke at 30 days and 5 years.RESULTSBivalirudin was used in 319 patients (34.4%). The composite endpoint at 30 days occurred in 7.2% versus 3.8% bivalirudin and heparin patients, respectively, p = .02; at 5 years, the composite endpoint occurred in 26.3% versus 19.9% bivalirudin and heparin patients, respectively, p = .02. Major bleeding was more frequent in bivalirudin patients (4.1% versus 1.3%, p = .008). There were no differences in stent thrombosis between the groups. Bivalirudin use was an independent predictor of the 30‐day composite endpoint (OR 2.88, 95% CI 1.28–6.48, p = .01) but not of the 5‐year composite endpoint (OR 1.30, 95% CI 0.84–2.02, p = .23). GPI use was infrequent (n = 67, 7.2%) and was not associated with adverse outcomes.ConclusionAmong patients undergoing LMCA PCI in the EXCEL trial, procedural use of bivalirudin was associated with greater rates of periprocedural MI and the 30‐day composite endpoint without reducing bleeding complications. Five‐year outcomes were similar. GPIs were used infrequently and were not associated with clinical outcomes.
Role of Cocatalysts on Hematite Photoanodes in Photoelectrocatalytic Water Splitting: Challenges and Future Perspectives
Authors: Bedin Karen C. , Muche Dereck N. F. , Melo Mauricio A. , Freitas Andre L. M. , Gonçalves Renato V. , Souza Flavio L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe efficiency of a nanostructure applied to photo‐electrocatalysis is fundamentally governed by the capability of the nanostructure surface to sustain a reaction without the occurrence of electron trapping or a recombination of the photogenerated holes. This Minireview summarizes the latest progress in the use of cocatalysts on hematite electrodes and their application in water splitting induced by sunlight. The major drawback of hole diffusion through a solid‐liquid interface is addressed through the selection of the best cocatalyst for increasing the efficiency of an iron‐based material. Finally, the most promising modification routes and outstanding materials for enhancing the low kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction during sunlight‐driven water oxidation reactions in hematite are provided and those materials that may have a significant impact on the overall photoelectrochemical performance are discussed.
Facile Synthesis of a Stable Side‐on Phosphinyne Complex by Redox Driven Intramolecular Cyclisation
Authors: Lange Helge , Schröder Henning , Oberem Elisabeth , Villinger Alexander , Rabeah Jabor , Ludwig Ralf , Neymeyr Klaus , Seidel Wolfram W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlkyne complexes with vicinal substitution by a Lewis acid and a Lewis base at the coordinated alkyne are prospective frustrated Lewis pairs exhibiting a particular mutual distance and, hence, a specific activation potential. In this contribution, investigations on the generation of a WII alkyne complex bearing a phosphine as Lewis base and a carbenium group as Lewis acid are presented. Independently on potential substrates added, an intramolecular cyclisation product was always isolated. A subsequent deprotonation step led to an unprecedented side‐on λ5‐phosphinyne complex, which is interpreted as highly zwitterionic according to visible absorption spectroscopy supported by TD‐DFT. Low‐temperature 31P NMR and EPR spectroscopic measurements combined with time‐dependent IR‐spectroscopic monitoring provided insights in the mechanism of the cyclisation reaction. Decomposition of the multicomponent IR spectra by multivariate curve resolution and a kinetic hard‐modelling approach allowed the derivation of kinetic parameters. Assignment of the individual IR spectra to potential intermediates was provided by DFT calculations.
First‐Principles Investigation of β‐FeOOH for Hydrogen Evolution: Identifying Reactive Sites and Boosting Surface Reactions
Authors: Huang Zhenxiong , Guan Xiangjiu , Li Mingtao , Guo Liejin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAkaganeite (β‐FeOOH) is a widely investigated candidate for photo(electro)catalysis, such as water splitting. Nevertheless, insights into understanding the surface reaction between water and β‐FeOOH, in particular, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), are still insufficient. Herein, a set of first‐principles calculations on pristine β‐FeOOH and halogen‐substituted β‐FeOOH are applied to evaluate the HER performance through the computational hydrogen electrode model. The results show that the HER on β‐FeOOH tends to occur at Fe sites on the (010) surface, and palladium and nickel are found to serve as excellent co‐catalysts to boost the HER process, due to the remarkably reduced free energy change of hydrogen adsorption upon loading on the surface of β‐FeOOH, demonstrating great potential for efficient water splitting.
Targeting an Interaction Between Two Disordered Domains by Using a Designed Peptide
Authors: Mayer Guy , Shpilt Zohar , Bressler Shachar , Marcu Orly , Schueler‐Furman Ora , Tshuva Edit Y. , Friedler Assaf 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntrinsically disordered regions in proteins (IDRs) mediate many disease‐related protein–protein interactions. However, the unfolded character and continuous conformational changes of IDRs make them difficult to target for therapeutic purposes. Here, we show that a designed peptide based on the disordered p53 linker domain can be used to target a partner IDR from the anti‐apoptotic iASPP protein, promoting apoptosis of cancer cells. The p53 linker forms a hairpin‐like structure with its two termini in close proximity. We designed a peptide derived from the disordered termini without the hairpin, designated as p53 LinkTer. The LinkTer peptide binds the disordered RT loop of iASPP with the same affinity as the parent p53 linker peptide, and inhibits the p53–iASPP interaction in vitro. The LinkTer peptide shows increased stability to proteolysis, penetrates cancer cells, causes nuclei shrinkage, and compromises the viability of cells. We conclude that a designed peptide comprising only the IDR from a peptide sequence can serve as an improved inhibitor since it binds its target protein without the need for pre‐folding, paving the way for therapeutic targeting of IDRs.
Facile Construction of Furanoacenes by a Three‐Step Sequence Going through Disilyl‐exo‐cyclic Dienes
Authors: Minami Yasunori , Furuya Yuki , Hiyama Tamejiro 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFacile synthesis of various benzonaphthofurans was achieved by intramolecular hydroarylation of 1,4‐disilyl‐2‐aryloxy‐1,3‐enynes followed by cycloaddition with arynes or alkenes and finally desilylaromatization. The three‐step transformation can be operated sequentially in one‐pot, providing with a range of furanoacenes easily and highly effectively.
Sensor Array Based Determination of Edman Degradated Amino Acids Using Poly(p‐phenyleneethynylene)s
Authors: Zhang Hao , Wang Benhua , Seehafer Kai , Bunz Uwe H. F. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA cross‐reactive optical sensor array based on poly(p‐phenyleneethynylene)s (PPEs) determines Edman degraded amino acids. We report a sensor array composed of three anionic PPEs P1–P3, and their electrostatic complexes with metal ions (Fe2+, Cu2+, Co2+). We recorded distinct fluorescence intensity response patterns as “fingerprints” of this chemical tongue toward standard phenylthiohydantoin (PTH) amino acids—degradation products of the Edman process. These “fingerprints” were converted into canonical scores by linear discrimination analysis (LDA), which differentiates all of the PTH‐amino acids. This array discriminates PTH‐amino acid residues degraded from an oligopeptide through Edman sequencing. This approach is complementary to chromatography approaches which rely on mass spectrometry; our array offers the advantage of simplicity.
Boosting Conjugate Addition to Nitroolefins Using Lithium Tetraorganozincates: Synthetic Strategies and Structural Insights
Authors: Dell'Aera Marzia , Perna Filippo Maria , Vitale Paola , Altomare Angela , Palmieri Alessandro , Maddock Lewis C. H. , Bole Leonie J. , Kennedy Alan R. , Hevia Eva , Capriati Vito 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe report the first transition metal catalyst‐ and ligand‐free conjugate addition of lithium tetraorganozincates (R4ZnLi2) to nitroolefins. Displaying enhanced nucleophilicity combined with unique chemoselectivity and functional group tolerance, homoleptic aliphatic and aromatic R4ZnLi2 provide access to valuable nitroalkanes in up to 98 % yield under mild conditions (0 °C) and short reaction time (30 min). This is particularly remarkable when employing β‐nitroacrylates and β‐nitroenones, where despite the presence of other electrophilic groups, selective 1,4 addition to the C=C is preferred. Structural and spectroscopic studies confirmed the formation of tetraorganozincate species in solution, the nature of which has been a long debated issue, and allowed to unveil the key role played by donor additives on the aggregation and structure of these reagents. Thus, while chelating N,N,N’,N’‐tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) and (R,R)‐N,N,N’,N’‐tetramethyl‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane (TMCDA) favour the formation of contacted‐ion pair zincates, macrocyclic Lewis donor 12‐crown‐4 triggers an immediate disproportionation process of Et4ZnLi2 into equimolar amounts of solvent‐separated Et3ZnLi and EtLi.
Computational Study on the Charge Transport and Optical Spectra of Anthracene Derivatives in Aggregates
Authors: Sun Yajing , Geng Hua , Peng Qian , Shuai Zhigang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA recent experiment [Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2017, 56, 722–727] found that a (1 : 9) blend film of two anthracene derivatives, 2‐fluorenyl‐2‐anthracene (FlAnt) and 2‐anthryl‐2‐anthracence (2 A), exhibit both efficient white light emission and high hole mobility, thus promising for organic light‐emitting transistors (OLETs). Employing quantum chemistry at the polarizable continuum model (PCM) and the quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) levels, we investigated the excited‐state structures, optical spectra, band structure and the carrier mobility for FlAnt and 2 A from solution to aggregate phases. We suggest using the ratio of intermolecular excitonic coupling J and intramolecular excited state relaxation energy E to judge the bathochromic shift in optical emission in aggregates. For FlAnt, ρ=J/E is calculated to be less than 0.17, a critical value we identified earlier, and the spectra in solution and aggregate phases present quite similar features (blue emission). However, ρ is ∼0.5 for 2 A systems, and the calculated emission in the aggregate phase exhibits a remarkable bathochromic shift. In addition, the 0–0 emission is strongly suppressed in the herringbone stacking. These observations justify the experimental findings that (i) 2 A is blue emissive in solution but yellow‐green in the aggregate phase, whereas FlAnt is always blue, and (ii) the blend of them show white emission. By using the “quantum nuclear tunneling” model we proposed earlier, we found the hole mobility for FlAnt and 2 A are 0.5 and 4.2 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively, indicating both are good hole transport materials.
A framework to conceptualize personal recovery from eating disorders: A systematic review and qualitative meta‐synthesis of perspectives from individuals with lived experience
Authors: Wetzler Sara , Hackmann Corinna , Peryer Guy , Clayman Kelsey , Friedman Donna , Saffran Kristina , Silver Jody , Swarbrick Margaret , Magill Elizabeth , van Furth Eric F. , Pike Kathleen M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAn extensive literature exists describing treatment interventions and recovery from eating disorders (EDs); however, this body of knowledge is largely symptom‐based and from a clinical perspective and thus limited in capturing perspectives and values of individuals with lived experience of an ED. In this study, we performed a systematic review to coproduce a conceptual framework for personal recovery from an ED based on primary qualitative data available in published literature.MethodsA systematic review and qualitative meta‐synthesis approach was used. Twenty studies focusing on ED recovery from the perspective of individuals with lived experience were included. The studies were searched for themes describing the components of personal recovery. All themes were analyzed and compared to the established connectedness; hope and optimism about the future; identity; meaning in life; and empowerment (CHIME) and Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) frameworks of recovery, which are applicable to all mental disorders. Themes were labeled and organized into a framework outlining key components of the ED personal recovery process.ResultsSupportive relationships, hope, identity, meaning and purpose, empowerment, and self‐compassion emerged as the central components of the recovery process. Symptom recovery and its relationship to the personal recovery process are also significant.DiscussionIndividuals with lived experience of EDs noted six essential elements in the personal ED recovery process. This framework is aligned with several of the key components of the CHIME and SAMHSA frameworks of recovery, incorporating person‐centered elements of the recovery process. Future research should validate these constructs and develop instruments (or tools) that integrate the lived experiences into a measurement of recovery from an ED.
Deployment of edge servers in 5G cellular networks
Authors: Li Bo , Hou Peng , Wang Keyue , Peng Ziyi , Jin Shicheng , Niu Li 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWith the rapid development of Internet of Things technology and interactive applications, the number of terminal devices in the network is increasing, and the development of interactive applications is hindered by network delay. To solve the network delay, bandwidth, and workload requirements in the new era, edge computing came into being. Edge computing aims to implement computing, storage, communication, and other services at the edge of the network by sinking cloud services from the core network to the edge of the network. Current research studies pay less attention to the impact of edge server location on the system performance, and edge server deployment is one of the key technologies for mobile edge computing. Therefore, we take 5G macrocellular/microcellular cluster as the edge server deployment scenario, propose an equivalent bandwidth‐based deployment strategy, establish a mathematical model for edge server deployment, and contract a task experience function as an evaluation index from two aspects: task time and energy overhead. Based on the analysis of the experimental results, it is verified that the deployment strategy based on equivalent bandwidth is superior to other deployment strategies in terms of terminal device task overhead.
Effects of Chinese medicines on monacolin K production and related genes transcription of Monascus ruber in red mold rice fermentation
Authors: Peng Lin , Ai‐lati Aisikaer , Liu Shuangping , Ji Zhongwei , Mao Jian , Che Xin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMonacolin K (MK) is a secondary metabolite synthesized by polyketide synthases of Monascus spp. In this study, the combined supplementation of three medicines, including Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP), Fructus crataegi (FC), and Radix Angelicae Dahuricae (RAD), were mixed with nonglutinous rice and were optimized by response surface methodology to enhance the production of MK in fermented red mold rice (RMR). Under the optimum condition, MK production achieved 3.60 mg/g, which was 41.18% higher than RMR without medicines. The improved MK production was mainly caused by the up‐regulated transcription level of mokA, mokB, mokF, mokH, mokI, and mplaeA. Meanwhile, the inhibitory effect of Poria cocos (PC) on MK production (only 0.436 mg/g) was caused by significantly down‐regulated transcription of six tested genes. Therefore, this study is beneficial for better understanding of the possible mechanism of enhanced MK production by optimization of fermentation conditions.