bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meaning of food in eating patterns
Authors: Chinea Cristina , Suárez Ernesto , Hernández Bernardo 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to conceptually and empirically verify the meaning of the food construct, while adapting and validating the Meaning of Food in Life Questionnaire proposed by Arbit et al. (2017) into Spanish and comparing groups with specific and non-specific eating patterns in relation to the meaning of food.Design/methodology/approachConfirmatory factor analysis and multivariate analysis involving groups with specific and non-specific eating patterns.FindingsResults show that the adapted version of the scale retained the five food meaning factors, although four items from the original version had to be removed. Multivariate analyses of variance show that there are significant differences in the moral and sacred factors of food meaning when comparing people with specific and non-specific eating patterns. Significant differences in the moral, sacred and social factors were found when comparing between people with a specific diet, vegans/vegetarians and people who do not consume gluten/lactose or are on a diet.Research limitations/implicationsDifferences in the meanings attributed to food can be observed among the different ways people eat. This could have implications on ethics, sustainability and well-being by considering the characteristics of the five factors of food meaning.Originality/valueThis study suggests that food meaning is a complex and rational process, where eating patterns play a key role in the attribution of meaning.
Study of the efficacy of Aureobasidium strains belonging to three different species: A. pullulans, A. subglaciale and A. melanogenum against Botrytis cinerea of tomato
Authors: Di Francesco Alessandra , Di Foggia Michele , Zajc Janja , Gunde‐Cimerman Nina , Baraldi Elena 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe difference in antagonistic activity against the causal agent of grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) of tomato between Aureobasidium strains belonging to three different species, namely A. pullulans, A. melanogenum and A. subglaciale, was evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assays. In the yeast–pathogen direct interaction experiment, all the strains significantly reduced B. cinerea growth, with A. melanogenum the least efficient species (17.8% of reduction) compared to A. pullulans and subglaciale (22 and 27.8%). The non‐volatile metabolites produced by all three species reduced mycelial growth between 95 and 100%. These metabolites were characterised by FT‐IR spectroscopy as polysaccharides, lytic enzymes, siderophores and antibiotics. The inhibitory effect of Aureobasidium strains on pathogenic enzymes such as xylanase, polygalacturonase and pectinase was measured showing A. pullulans strains as capable of strong inhibition of xylanase, an enzyme directly related to the virulence of necrotrophic pathogens such as B. cinerea. Our data demonstrate that the different species of Aureobasidium isolated from a range of non‐conventional environments exerted variable efficacy against B. cinerea, with A. pullulans as the most active species followed by A. subglaciale and A. melanogenum as ineffective and not suitable for biocontrol applications.
Testosterone positively regulates functional responses and nitric oxide expression in the isolated human corpus cavernosum
Authors: Gur Serap , Alzweri Laith , Yilmaz‐Oral Didem , Kaya‐Sezginer Ecem , Abdel‐Mageed Asim B , Dick Brian , Sikka Suresh C. , Volkan Oztekin Cetin , Hellstrom Wayne J. G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundTestosterone (T) deficiency is associated with erectile dysfunction (ED). The relaxant response of T on the corporal smooth muscle through a non‐genomic pathway has been reported; however, the in vitro modulating effects of T on human corpus cavernosum (HCC) have not been studied.ObjectivesTo compare the effects of various concentrations of T on nitric oxide (NO)‐dependent and nitric oxide‐independent relaxation in organ bath studies and elucidate its mode of action, specifically targeting the cavernous NO/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway.Materials and methodsHuman corpus cavernosum (HCC) samples were obtained from men undergoing penile prosthesis implantation (n = 9). After phenylephrine (Phe) precontraction, the effects of various relaxant drugs of HCC strips were performed using organ bath at low (150 ng/dL), eugonadal (400 ng/dL), and hypergonadal (600 ng/dL) T concentrations. The penile tissue measurements of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), neuronal (n)NOS, and phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) were evaluated via immunostaining, Western blot, cGMP and nitrite/nitrate (NOx) assays.ResultsRelaxation responses to ACh and EFS in isolated HCC strips were significantly increased at all T levels compared with untreated tissues. The sildenafil‐induced relaxant response was significantly increased at both eugonadal and hypergonadal T levels. Normal and high levels of T are accompanied by increased eNOS, nNOS, cGMP, and NOx levels, along with reduced PDE5 protein expression.ConclusionThis study reveals an important role of short‐term and modulatory effects of different concentrations of T in HCC. T positively regulates functional activities, inhibition of PDE5 expression, and formation of cGMP and NOx in HCC. These results demonstrate that T indirectly contributes to HCC relaxation via downstream effects on nNOS, eNOS, and cGMP and by inhibiting PDE5. This action provides a rationale for normalizing T levels in hypogonadal men with ED, especially when PDE5 inhibitors are ineffective. T replacement therapy may improve erectile function by modulating endothelial function in hypogonadal men.
Correlations between circulating leptin concentrations and growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality indexes in finishing Simmental × Luxi bulls fed high‐concentrate diets
Authors: Geng Chunyin , Zhang Min , Yang Lianyu , Jin Yinghai 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCirculating leptin concentrations could potentially be used as a predictor of production traits in cattle. This study aimed to clarify the correlations between circulating leptin concentrations and growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality indexes in finishing bulls fed high‐concentrate diets (concentrate‐to‐forage ratio 70:30). Fifty‐seven Simmental × Luxi F1 crossbred bulls were used for 112‐day finishing experiment. Circulating leptin concentrations and relevant indexes of growth performance, and carcass traits and meat quality were measured during or after finishing trail. The results indicated that the leptin concentrations tended to be negatively correlated with dry matter intake (DMI) (r = −.233, p = .081), and were positively correlated with 12th‐rib fat thickness (r = .330, p = .012), marbling score (r = .336, p = .011), and intramuscular fat content (r = .368, p = .021). Moreover, the leptin concentrations were negatively correlated with cholesterol content (r = −.339, p = .037) and were not correlated with sensory indexes including tenderness, juiciness, and like flavor (p > .05). In conclusion, circulating leptin concentrations may potentially be used as a predictor of carcass traits related to content of fat and beef quality traits related to content of cholesterol in finishing bulls fed high‐concentrate diets.
Metacommunity structure analysis reveals nested patterns in deconstructed macroinvertebrates assemblages
Authors: Williams‐Subiza Emilio A. , Brand Cecilia , Miserendino M. Laura 
Published: July 2020

Understanding processes driving patterns of species distribution and diversity is one of the main objectives of community ecology.
The aim of our study was to evaluate the spatial variation in assemblage composition of stream‐dwelling macroinvertebrates and identify which factors (e.g. water quality, land cover) are the most important drivers.
We applied the elements of the metacommunity structure approach on a dataset of 38 communities from the Futaleufú basin in northwestern Patagonia. To better understand assemblage variation, we deconstructed our macroinvertebrate dataset into different taxonomic and trait groups. We then identified the most influential factors driving community composition using random forests.
We found that half of our datasets (i.e. macroinvertebrate groups) exhibited a nested structure with clumped species loss, while the other half showed a quasi‐nested pattern with either clumped or stochastic species loss.
Overall, water quality was the most important driver of community variation, although climate, geography, and land cover were more or less relevant in particular cases. We found differences in the relative importance of the selected explanatory variables among datasets. This would suggest that different components of the macroinvertebrate community respond differently to environmental factors.
Our findings could be of value for conservation planning, as they suggest that preserving the most species‐rich streams would, to some extent, guarantee the conservation of the entire species pool.
Accuracy of self‐reported weight, height and body mass index among older people in Japan
Authors: Yazawa Aki , Inoue Yosuke , Kondo Naoki , Miyaguni Yasuhiro , Ojima Toshiyuki , Kondo Katsunori , Kawachi Ichiro 
Published: July 2020

AimWeight and height are usually self‐reported in population‐based epidemiological surveys. While the accuracy of self‐reports has been extensively studied in younger populations, less is known in older populations. We investigated the accuracy of self‐reported weight, height and body mass (BMI) in an older cohort in Japan, where overweight/obesity and underweight coexist.MethodsWe used data from older Japanese adults (≥65 years) participating in the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study in 2016 to 2017 (7357 men and 9271 women). Self‐report data were linked to objective data obtained from clinical examinations.ResultsThe mean ± standard deviation (SD) age was 74.5 ± 5.8 years, mean ± SD weight, height and BMI were 55.7 ± 10.1 kg, 156.0 ± 8.9 cm and 22.8 ± 3.1, respectively. Results showed high intraclass correlation coefficients for self‐reported and measured values (0.97 for weight; 0.96 for height). While weight/height were overestimated among men (weight by 0.096 kg; height by 0.27 cm) and women (weight by 0.18 kg; height by 0.27 cm), BMI tended to be slightly underestimated (−0.034 kg/m2 for men; −0.037 kg/m2 for women). However, the absolute differences between self‐reported and measured values were not negligible; people had a higher risk for both under‐ and overestimation of their BMI category with increasing age. Lower education predicted BMI overestimation, whereas lower income predicted BMI underestimation.ConclusionsOverall accuracy of self‐reported body habitus was higher in this cohort of older Japanese compared with previous reports. Nevertheless, misclassification of BMI due to the misreporting of their weight/height was more common among the oldest‐old, as well as those with lower education and income. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 803–810.
p16 Immunoexpression in sinonasal and nasopharyngeal adenoid cystic carcinomas: a potential pitfall in ruling out HPV‐related multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma
Authors: Antony Vijay M , Kakkar Aanchal , Sikka Kapil , Thakar Alok , Deo Suryanarayan V S , Bishop Justin A , Jain Deepali 
Published: July 2020

AimsAdenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) is frequent in the sinonasal region. The recently described human papilloma virus (HPV)‐related multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma (HMSC) histopathologically resembles solid AdCC, but has a better outcome. Thus, clinical and pathogenetic differences between HMSC and sinonasal AdCC necessitate their distinction. We conducted this study to assess p16 immunoexpression in previously diagnosed AdCC cases, and to identify HMSC cases in p16 immunopositive cases.Methods and resultsCases diagnosed as sinonasal and nasopharyngeal AdCC were retrieved. Histomorphological features were reviewed. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for p16 was performed. HPV testing was performed in p16‐positive cases by mRNA in‐situ hybridisation (mRNA ISH) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. MYB rearrangement was assessed by fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation. One hundred and two AdCC cases were retrieved. Six cases (5.9%) showed diffuse p16 positivity. HPV mRNA ISH and PCR were negative in p16‐positive cases. Two cases showed MYB rearrangement. p16‐positive cases were composed of basaloid cells demonstrating a cribriform pattern, at least focally. The predominant pattern was cribriform in three and solid in three cases. One case showed two distinct components: keratinising squamous cell carcinoma and cribriform AdCC. Other morphological patterns seen were tubular, reticular, epithelial‐myoepithelial carcinoma‐like, and glomeruloid, forming a minor component of the tumour area.Conclusionsp16 staining alone, even when diffuse and strong, cannot be used as a surrogate for HPV testing to distinguish sinonasal AdCC from HMSC. p16 IHC should be accompanied by more specific methods, such as mRNA ISH, so as not to erroneously diagnose HMSC over sinonasal AdCC, bearing in mind the highly aggressive nature of the latter.
Biases in variance of decomposed portfolio returns
Authors: Alexeev Vitali , Ignatieva Katja 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSignificant portfolio variance biases arise when contrasting multiperiod portfolio returns based on the assumption of fixed continuously rebalanced portfolio weights as opposed to buy‐and‐hold weights. Empirical evidence obtained using S&P 500 constituents from 2003 to 2011 demonstrates that, compared with a buy‐and‐hold assumption, applying fixed weights led to decreased estimates of portfolio volatilities during 2003, 2005 and 2010, but caused a significant increase in volatility estimates in the more turbulent 2008 and 2011. This discrepancy distorts assessments of portfolio risk‐adjusted performance when inappropriate weight assumptions are employed. Consequently, these variance biases have effect on statistical inference in factor models and may result in erroneous portfolio size recommendations for adequate diversification.
Pay progression in routinised service sector work: navigating the internal labour market in a fast food multinational company
Authors: Butler Peter , Hammer Anita 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe United Kingdom's widespread use of low‐skill, low‐paid employment has been well documented. It has been argued internal labour markets (ILMs) benefit such workers, affording them with opportunities for progression. Relatively little is known, however, about the impact of ILMs on entry level workers undertaking routinised service sector work. Drawing on qualitative data, this article explores the prospects on offer in a market leading, fast food multinational company. Potential enabling features include on‐the‐job training, a transparent and integrated pay structure and a professed culture of progression. Occupational movements to positions above the low‐pay threshold are, however, relatively rare. We conjecture this contradiction is the result of the business context in which the firm operates. The findings suggest that in sectors where price leadership strategies dominate, escape from low pay is likely to be exceptional, even within large organisations featuring some of the classic characteristics of ‘pure’ or strong ILMs.
Color comparison of three layered resin composite systems with three shade guides
Authors: Diamantopoulou Sofia , Kakaboura Afrodite , Margaritis Vasileios , Papazoglou Efstratios 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the color difference using both ΔE*ab and CIEDE2000 formulas of all combinations of all enamel and dentin shades of three different composite systems with three different shade guides, to compare the coverage error (CE) of the shade guides for each composite and to investigate whether coverage error is affected by enamel shade layer thickness (0.5 vs 1 mm).Materials and MethodsDisk specimens from all enamel and dentin shades of Essentia, Enamel Plus HRi, and IPS Empress Direct composites were fabricated. Color measurements were performed for all enamel‐dentin combinations and for two thicknesses per enamel shade: 0.5 and 1 mm. Color was measured for three shade guides: Vitapan Classical, 3DMaster, and Ivoclar. Minimum color difference between layered composites and shade tabs, closest shade tab match and CE of all shade guides were calculated for all composite shade combinations.ResultsIn most cases, the closest match was a mismatch. CE of 3DMaster was significantly lower for IPS Empress Direct and Enamel Plus HRi at 0.5 mm enamel thickness. Shade guides exhibited higher lightness values compared to composites and composites lower chroma values compared to shade guides.ConclusionsShade guides do not match well to the layered composites. 3DMaster performed better than the other two shade guides, in most cases.
Whale sharks Rhincodon typus get cleaned by the blue‐streak cleaner wrasse Labroides dimidiatus and the moon wrasse Thalassoma lunare in the Philippines
Authors: Araujo Gonzalo , Miranda Joni A. , Allen Harriet L. , Labaja Jessica , Snow Sally , Ponzo Alessandro , Legaspi Christine G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCleaning interactions are essential for healthy marine ecosystem communities. This study reports the first documentation of the whale shark Rhincodon typus cleaning behaviour in the Indo‐West Pacific by two wrasse species, the blue‐streak cleaner wrasse Labroides dimidiatus and the moon wrasse Thalassoma lunare in Cebu, Philippines. This study documented 36 cleaning interactions with 14 individual whale sharks. The cleaning interactions appear opportunistic rather than targeted by the sharks, unlike that observed in other species of elasmobranchs. Further work should focus on understanding the drivers of these unique cleaning interactions.
Red rice (Oryza sativa L.) use in flour production: Convective drying and bioactive quality
Authors: Santos Newton Carlos , da Silva Wilton Pereira , Barros Sâmela Leal , Almeida Raphael Lucas Jacinto , de Brito Araújo Ana Júlia , da Silva Nascimento Amanda Priscila 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to develop red rice flours in order to provide alternatives to replace conventional flours in the production of gluten‐free foods for people who suffers from celiac disease. To obtain the flour, red rice grains were dried at temperatures of 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80°C and air velocity of 1.5 m/s. Mathematical models (empirical and diffusive) were fitted to the experimental data obtained and, subsequently, the dehydrated grains were ground to obtain the flour, which was subjected to physicochemical and bioactive characterization to verify the impact of the applied temperatures on the final product quality. It was found that the Page model is more reliable to describe the drying kinetics of red rice, since it showed higher coefficients of determination (R2) and lower chi‐square (χ2). The diffusion model showed satisfactory fit, with coefficient of determination (R2) higher than 0.99 and chi‐square (χ2) lower than 0.0146659. Higher drying rate was found at the temperature of 80°C, but cracks were observed in the grains and there was greater degradation of anthocyanins. The pH, total titratable acidity, and flavonoids did not differ between the temperatures applied. Lower values of moisture content, water activity, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity were obtained in the grains subjected to temperature of 80°C. Therefore, the temperature of 40°C was the one that ensured greatest conservation of all bioactive compounds analyzed and greater antioxidant activity for all three methods.Practical applicationsThe diffusion model provides a realistic and physical interpretation of the drying operation, stimulating the correct time needed to reduce the moisture content of the material, of initial value at the equilibrium value. In this way, it is possible to save energy and reduce the degradation of bioactive compounds promoted by thermal damage, which material is submitted, in addition to aiming at the optimization of drying equipment projects.
Advances in the assessment of self‐determination: internal structure of a scale for people with intellectual disabilities aged 11 to 40
Authors: Vicente E. , Verdugo M. A. , Guillén V. M. , Martínez‐Molina A. , Gómez L. E. , Ibáñez A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAdvances in theoretical frameworks of self‐determination require the development of new assessment instruments. This study examines the dimensional structure of a self‐determination scale and analyses the factorial invariance of its measurement across age and gender.MethodThe AUTODDIS Scale was used to assess the self‐determination of 541 people with intellectual disabilities aged from 11 to 40.ResultsDifferent models (correlational and hierarchical structures) of the scale were tested. The correlational model obtained from the exploratory structural equation model approach provided the best fit for the data. The results also supported measurement invariance across youths (aged 11 to 21 years) and adults (aged 21 to 40 years) and across genders.ConclusionsThis study contributes to international research on self‐determination and the development of assessment tools in this field, offering a better understanding of this multifaceted and complex construct. The results provide construct validity evidence regarding a new measurement tool tested across people aged 11 to 40, using information from third parties. However, further research is needed to explore the best ways to understand and assess the different factors related to self‐determination.
Information concerning ICU patients’ families in the handover—The clinicians’ «game of whispers»: A qualitative study
Authors: Nygaard Anne Mette , Haugdahl Hege Selnes , Brinchmann Berit Støre , Lind Ranveig 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore how information concerning ICU patients´ families is included in the ICU clinicians’ daily handover.BackgroundHandover refers to the transfer of information and care responsibility between clinicians. An effective and precise handover are of great importance to ensure quality of care. Although improvements in handovers have received increasing attention in recent decades, little is known about how information about ICU patients’ family members is included in handovers.DesignA qualitative study using Charmaz’ constructivist grounded theory approach.MethodsData were gathered through participant observation, focus groups, dyadic and individual interviews of physicians and nurses from four ICUs in different Norwegian hospitals. The data consist of 270 observation hours, seven focus groups, three dyadic interviews and two individual interviews. Field notes and transcribed interview data were analysed using constructivist grounded theory approach. COREQ checklist was applied as reporting guideline for this study.Findings“A game of whispers” emerged as the core category, representing missing information about the patient's family during the handover. Together with three subcategories: “documentation dilemmas,” “being updated” and “talking together,” the core category explains how transfer of family‐related information between clinicians is continually processed and resolved.ConclusionsThis study indicates challenges related to appropriate and high‐quality handover concerning ICU patients´ families. Oral handovers are essential in terms of clinicians’ need to elaborate on written information and update each other. However, oral transmission involves a high risk of information loss during the handover. Written documentation about the family seems to be inadequate and poorly structured.Relevance to clinical practiceThe study findings suggest a need for increased awareness in practice and research of the importance of transferring appropriate and reliable information about patients’ families between ICU clinicians. User‐friendly handover tools and patient records that include information on patients’ family members should be developed.