bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Melanocortin 1 Receptor (MC1R) polymorphism and its relation to plumage colors in local turkey
Authors: Abdullah M M , Yousif A N , Amen Q A , Shaker A S 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIdentification of genetic markers in relation to phenotypic differences is important for local turkey breed identification, Melanocortin 1 Receptor (MC1R) is a transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor, which has a fundamental role in the regulation of black (eumelanin) and red (pheomelanin) pigment synthesis. In an attempt to detect and analyze the MC1R gene, also to find the relatedness among three most common colors of turkey (White, Red, and Black) in Sulaimani city of Iraq. A total of 75 turkeys (25 White, 25 Red and 25 Black birds) (6 ± 1 month old) blood samples (3 ml/bird) were collected into 5 ml vacutainer tubes containing the EDTA for DNA extractions, the quantity and quality of DNA were determined by Nanodrop spectrophotometer. The forward (5′-GCTTTGTAGGTGCTGCAGTTGTG-3′) and reverse primer (5′-CCATCCATCCTC CTGTCTGT-3′) were used to PCR amplify a 1050 bp fragment of the MC1R gene. The results showed that we have successfully detected and amplified the MC1R gene in Sulaimani local Turkeys. The black color Turkeys showed two bands of PCR amplification, that is mean for showing the black color phenotype the birds need the two MC1R gene express themselves on the two locus on the chromosome, while each of red and white phenotype needs only one MC1R gene to show these two phenotypes. In accordance with the dendrogram of the current study, the result revealed that genetic variation and relatedness among turkey of the three feather color of local turkey of distance 15%. The cluster divided the local turkey in to three main groups; the first group includes all birds of red color, the second group was mainly of black birds. On the other hand, the third group was mixture between the three colors. In conclusion, based on the results obtained in this study, there are significant associations between plumage colors and genetic variants of the MC1R gene in local turkey. However, further studies are essential to confirm this conclusion.
Influence of spraying different solutions at different incubation periods on hatchability parameters of local Iraqi’s eggs.
Authors: Gatea S M , Altaie S M S , Khafaji S S , ALjanabi T K , Shatti D H , Hussain M A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study was carried out on 26/5/2019 until 17/6/2019 At local hatchery (College of Agriculture / University of Karbala), to investigate of Different spraying protocols on the eggs of local chicken with the eggs of local chicken with different solutions at variant periods on embryonic mortality during incubation period and on the hatchability of setting eggs. 600 eggs (55 g weight ) used in this study from local chicken divided into three groups each group sub divided into 5 groups spraying by distilled water, olive oil, ethanol alcohol 70%, egg albumen and not treated groups that represented as GW, GO,GE,GC. first group G1 (n = 120) was sprayed at the first day of incubation period, the second group G2 was spraying at beginning of the 2nd week of incubation at aged 7 days, the third group G3 in which the eggs was sprayed at the beginning of 3rd week of incubation at aged 14 days. The results recorded significant reduction of early embryonic mortality in G1 and GC The statistical analysis of the in all groups spraying by ethanol alcohol GE, water group GW and control groups GC. At 14 days of the incubation period, there were no significant differences. At 15-21 days of incubation period, late Embryonic mortality was not recorded in groups treated olive oil, water and albumen when compared with groups treated with alcohol or control. Conclusion, that spraying Iraqi local eggs with water and olive oil at 14 days of incubation period caused high percentages of hatchability of setting and fertilized eggs recorded 100% compared with different materials that used in current research.
Isolation of Citrobacter species from common carp, Cyprinus carpio cultivated in floating cages at Al-Hilla river, Babylon province
Authors: Al-Haider S M , Al-Niaeem K S , Resen A K 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
About 144 moribund of the common carp were examined were brought to the laboratory for examination after an epizootic of citrobacteriosis on cultivated in floating cages at Al-Hilla river, during the period December 2017- November 2018. The bacterium was identified by Vitek II system. The fish displayed dark color and hyperemia of the mouth. The possible etiologic agent was identified by Vitek II system as Citrobacter spp. Citrobacter species were identified with a different percentage in common carp, which are C. freundi, C. amalonaticus and C. braakii. Antibiotic susceptibility test of 12 antibiotics, which are piperacillin/tazobactan, amikacin, cefazolin, gentamicin, cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, levofloxacin, cefepime, tigecycline, imipenem and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazoleby) showed variable resistances for Aeromonas species. Aeromonas species were identified and examined for antibiotic susceptibility using the Vitek II system. The results indicate that the bacteria sensitive to Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of levofloxacin (< = 0.12 μg/ml), imipenem and ciprofloxacin (< = 0. 25 μg/ml), but resistant to cefazolin (> = 64 μg/ml) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (40 μg/ml).
Effect of six herbicides to control the wild barley and other weeds accompanied with wheat
Authors: Al-Ziady S H , Shati R K 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in the fields of one of the farmers in the province of Wasit Al-Ahrar area during the agricultural season 2015-2016 to control the wild barley and other weeds accompanied with the wheat. The experiment included six herbicides (Sulfon using 50 g.h−1, Granysam with 15 g.h−1, Granysam at the rate of use of 25 g.h−1, Bonanza rate of use of 100 g.h−1, Bonanza rate of use of 125 g.h−1 and 2,4 - D use rate of 1320 ml. h−1) and the treatment of weedy. Sulfon, Bonanza 100 g.h−1and Bonanza 125 g.h−1 herbicides affected significantly in reduced of weeds number of narrow leaves and its decreasing dry weight. While Sulfon, Granysam at a rate of 15 g.h−1, Granysam at a rate of 25 g.h−1 and 2.4-D in reducing weeds number of broad leaves and Its decreasing dry weight. The effect of herbicides in reducing the number of weeds and inhibiting their growth was reflected in a significant increase in the characteristics of the biological yield and the harvest index. The herbicides treatmeants were gave average of grain yield values 6.10, 5.28, 5.60, 5.55, 5.63, and 5.17 ton.h−1. average of biological yield values 14.17, 13.37, 13.23, 13.27, 13.8 and 12.93 ton.h−1. harvest index 43%, 40%, 42%, 42%, 41% and 40% respectively. It is concluded that the increase in grain yield with Sulfon was higher than the increase in other herbicides, due to the effect of this herbicides on a certain percentage on the broad weeds as well as its effect on the narrow weeds. This shows that the two-effect herbicides have a more positive result in increasing the yield. The efficacy of Bonanza herbicide affects reducing of wheat hight by a small percentage. The efficacy of Bonanza herbicide and Sulfon herbicide in control wild barley the numbers of weeds and its dry weight as well as their effect on the leaves narrow weeds. Granysam and 2.4-D had an effective effect in reducing the number and dry weight of the broad-leaf weeds.
Performance of three soybeans genotypes under different intra and inter row planting arrangements
Authors: Mohammed M I , Ahmed K K , Mohammed S H 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of three genotypes of soybean Iman, Taqa and Lee74 planted on lines with three different spacing 40, 50 and 60 cm and two plant spacings on each row 5 and 10 cm. The experiment was carried out according to the randomize complete block design as a factorial experiment with three replicates to study the number of nodes on the main stem, length of internodes, weight of pods.plant−1, pod weight, number of seeds.plant−1, seed weight.pod−1, weight 1000 seed, seed net weight, seed yield g.plant−1, oil yield, and protein yield. The results showed significant differences between the studied factors of the distances between and within lines, genotypes double interaction and triple interactions in all the studied traits except length of inter nodes (cm) of the genotypes as well as of the double interaction intra row spacing * genotypes. The genotype Iman was superior to the seed yield 41.93 g.plant−1 and distance 60 cm in seed yield 50.62 g.plant−1and the distance 10 cm between the plants in the seed yield 43.48 g.plant−1.
Morphological and molecular assessment of several cultivars of bread wheat Triticum aestivum L. under different types of irrigation water
Authors: Al-Burki F R A , Abdel C G , Majeed D M , Aoiez A Q , Afrah Mohammed A. , Hameed H 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The experiment was carried out at the second research station, College of Agriculture, Al-Muthanna University during the winter season 2018-2019, to investigate the performance of four wheat cultivars namely Rasheed, IBA99, Bhooth and Abu Graib subjected K+ supplants to antagonize Na+ effect on growth, yield and genome of four wheat cultivars. Subsequently, varying irrigation water qualities were applied, namely Euphrates river water of 2.4 ds.m-1 electrical conductivity (EC), river water + 400 ppm of K+, saline water of 5 ds.m-1EC, and saline water+ 400 ppm of K+. The results revealed the superiority of K+ addition to river and salty water through irrigation substantially antagonized Na+ adversity. Where K+ improved the performance of river water and salty water in plant height (70.71and 72.25 cm, respectively) and leaf area (28.29, and 24.41cm2, respectively) as they compared to river water without K+ (63.83 cm and 21.87 cm2, respectively). IBA99 wheat cultivars showed superiority over others, since it gave the highest plant height (70.375 cm), 1000 seed weights (32.583 g) and grain number per spike (55.475), then comes in the second order Rasheed, as it gave the higher values in plant height (74.41 cm), 1000 seed weight (33.33 g), and spike length (14.816 cm), as compared to Bhooth and Abu Graib cultivars. Then Abu Graib comes in the third order, followed by the worst Bhooth cultivar. Rasheed X + river water + k+was the most potent dual combination, since it showed the highest plant height (78.66 cm), leaf area (35.05 cm2. - 1), and weight of 1000 grain reached (37.33 g). IBA99 + salt water + k+ combination manifested superiority in the grains number of spike which gave 61.36 g. Molecular analysis results in agreement with the those of the morphological analysis by the appearance of TaHKT2;2 gene bands very clear in the Rasheed cultivar, the DNA size of the gene reached 500 nucleotides. Indicating the clear genetic expression of the gene in the varieties (except Abu Graib), especially for the Rasheed cultivar with a combination (Rasheed with salt water + K+), and the positive role played by potassium ion in reducing the harmful effect of sodium ions, Rasheed in the breeding programs of wheat crop to the salt stress tolerance through the hybridization because of its superiority over the rest of the local varieties.
Physiological effect of iron on the growth and yield of two cultivars of broad bean
Authors: Attiya R L , Alrubaye S M , Hasan M A , ALrubaiee S H 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in Al-Husseinia, Holy Karbala govern during the winter season 2018 to investigate the effect of spraying the vegetative part with iron on growth and yield of two cultivars of broad bean (Vicia Faba L.). Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) of three replicates was used. The factorial experiment included two factors, the two cultivars (local and Spanish, Luzdeotono) and spraying three concentrations (10, 20, and 30 mg.l−1) of iron on the vegetative parts in addition to the control treatment (spraying distilled water only). Results showed the superiority of the local cultivar giving the highest averages of the plant height (79.45 cm), 100-seeds weight (127.7 g), and seed yield (2583 kg.ha−1) and the superiority of the concentration 20 mg.l−1 giving the highest averages of the plant height (88.55 cm), number of pods (14.16 pods.plant−1), 100-seeds weight (135.5 g), and seed yield (2705 kg.ha−1); however, the effect of the interaction between the two factors was not significant.
The effect of tillage and pulverization equipment on beans growth and some technical indication for machinery unit
Authors: Amer K Z , Swain K H 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in an agricultural field in Hindiah district in the Secret province of Karbala, in a silt loam soil during the year 2019, to study the effect of tow types of plows the sweep and chisel plow (factor1) and tow types of pulverization equipment Rotavator and spring pulverization (factor1) on Beans growth and some technical indicators for machinery unit. The effect of these tow factors and the interactions between them on Slippage percentage, practical productivity, Fuel consumption, power requirement, percentage of knot and plant production were studied. Massy Fergusson tractor of (MF650) was adopted in the experiment, and Two parameters were used, the first one is: adopting two type of plows (the sweep and chisel plow) which represented the main plots (the Rotavator and spring pulverization), which represented the secondary plots. the experiment was conducted by the split plots according to the Complete Randomized Block Design, in three replicates. The results showed (according to the experiment conditions): that the sweep plow had have the advantage in recording the least percentage of slippage of (11.64%), least fuel consumption of (13.44%), the highest average of power requirements per area unit of (kwat. hr.h−1), highest percentage of knots ratio of (13.44%) and the highest plant production of (6054kg.hr−1). whereas the Chisel plow have had the advantage in recording the highest practical productivity of (1.29 hr.h−1). the rotavater have had the advantage in recording the highest practical productivity of (1.35 hr.h−1), highest knot ratio of (13.41%) and the highest plant production of (5932.5 kg.hr−1).whereas the spring harrow recorded the least slippage percentage of (9.94%), least fuel consumption of ( 17.13 Li.hr−1) and the least requirements of power ratio per area unit of ( 66.57 kwat.h.hr−1). as for the dual interactions, it did impacted significantly in all the studied traits.
Usage of some Halo bacteria species to alleviate sodium chloride toxicity in Vigna radiate L. cuttings in terms rooting response
Authors: Hussein K A , Kadhum N H , Sharqi M R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Four1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase enzyme-producing halotolerant bacterial isolates were used to remove toxic concentration of NaCl salt (75 mM) for mung bean as an experimental system in terms of the rooting response by regulating ethylene levels in mung bean. Mung bean was supplied by combination (inoculated DF media with all isolates + Hoagland solution) before and after exposure to toxicity and at the same time with toxicity. The post-treatment was the best throughout decrease the cell membranes damage, MDA levels, stress intensity in mung bean and increased tolerance idex of the mung bean and the mung bean leaves of auxin content.
Phisco-Chemical analysis and sensory evaluation of Iraqi cake incorporated with grape and date (Zahidi) syrup
Authors: Alsirrag M A , Hussein A A , Awahd H A , Awda J M , Al-Masoudi Z M , Almosawy M M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this research, The effect of substituting sucrose with different level of DS and DG (0, 25, 30,50,70 and 100%) on the physiochemical, microbial and sensory properties of cake were studied. Cake models were as well construed for microbial content and organic structure during, before then next 35 days storing at experimental temperature. Results showed no significant variances (p < 0.01) in the chemo physical structure of the date and grape test cake for protein values while there were significant differences for Asch, fiber and fat content values, Sensory assessment results showed high significant variance (p < 0.01) among the cake trials with the exemption of texture (6.04-6.07) for both treatment and general acceptability (7.05 and 7.08) for date and grape cakes, respectively. The microbial content (fungal and bacterial) of the grape cake were lesser than the date cake all over the period of the 35 days storing at experimental temperature. The maximum microbial content was documented next the 25th days (148.0 × 105 cfu/g) in addition to (194.30 × 105 cfu/g) for grape and date trial cakes respectively. The fungus content was additionally supreme at 25th day of storing (14.33 × 101 cfu/g) and (12.67 × 103 cfu/g) for grape and date cakes respectively. The total viable counts remained in suitable parameters for human utilization. So, grape and date syrup can easily replace sucrose in sweetened cake making in Iraq. The aim of research study the effect of the accepted neutral sweetener (grape and date syrup) acting as replacement of sugar in production of local cake sensory and chemical characteristic have been examined.
The study of chemical content and physicochemical properties of ostrich (Struthio camelus) fat (local)
Authors: Al-Baidhani A M , Al-Mossawi A H 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The study contains the description of the ostrich fat by estimating the chemical content, which included moisture, protein, fat, ash, cholesterol, minerals and lipid-soluble vitamins, including vitamin (E andA) and the estimation of lipoproteins. Chemical properties were also studied which include peroxide value (PV), free fatty acids (FFA), saponification number (SN), iodine number and Physical properties include viscosity, density and specific gravity, refractive index, melting point and ester value (EV). Fatty acids were identified by using gas chromatography (GC). The results showed the percentage of moisture, protein, fat and ash were 5.56%, 5.16%, 87.88% and 1.03%, respectively. The mineral includes sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron and selenium reach to 8.5, 2.5, 40.11, 12.96, 78.6, 0.532 and 7.86 ppm respectively, cholesterol content was 50.63 mg / 100 g, vitamins content A and E was recorded 72.13 and 91.30 mg / ml respectively. The fat has good chemical and physical properties, such as viscosity, density and specific gravity, refractive index, melting point, saponification number, iodine number and ester value. While the results of lipoproteins in the ostrich fat HDL was 65 mg / dl, LDL 52 mg / dl and VLDL 35 mg / dl and triglycerides reach to 75 mg / dl. The peroxide number was 0.86 equivalent Meq O2 / Kg, and the percentage of the free fat acids reach to 0.38%. The fatty acid compassion was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and also showed nine saturated and unsaturated fatty acids including oleic acid, palmitic acid, arachidonic acid, erucic acid, heneicosanoic acid, undecanoic acid, lauric acid, caproic acid and myristic acid.
Improving the sensory and qualitative properties of barley bread using broken wheat wet gluten
Authors: Abadi F A , Naser J M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Vital wheat gluten was extracted from broken wheat flour (Triticum aestivum), which is an accidental product during the technical milling process and used to improve the sensory and qualitative properties of bread made using flour from two varieties of Iraqi barley (IPA 99, IPA 265) which were obtained from the Ministry of Agriculture / Agricultural Research Center. The chemical composition analysis revealed that the percentage of β-glucan in barley flour (72% extraction) (BFE) of IPA 99 and IPA 265 were (3.9, 4.5%), respectively, while for whole barley flour (100% extraction) (WBF) those values were (3, 3.9%), respectively. The percentage of pentosanes in (WBF) of the experimental of varieties were (7.8, 12.6%). However, in the (BFE) these values drooped to (6.0 - 8.7%). This study, two experiments with seven treatments were carried out. The first experiment include using broken wheat wet gluten (BWWG) at different percentage in bread mix as follows, barley flour (type A) with 14% (BWWG) (T1), 16%( BWWG) (T2), 18 %( BWWG) (T3), 20% (BWWG) (T4), and 22 %( BWWG) (T5) of the experimental gluten, T6 was barley flour and 20% commercial gluten (CG) (for comprised) while T7 was barley flour with no added gluten. The second experiment was with barley flour from type (B) with a similar ratio of add gluten. The results have shown that the specific volume of the bread for IPA 99 & IPA 265 was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of control. The highest value of specific volume were in the treatments AT5 &BT5 (3.3 & 3.34 cm3/gm) compared with the control where it was (1.43 & 1.5 cm3/gm). Sensory evaluation test showed an improvement in the sensory and qualitative characteristics of gluten contenting bread. Chemical analysis of the loaf prepared from superior treatments showed that percentage of protein increased from 10.7-113% to 25-26.6%, fiber to 1.3 - 1.8%, and carbohydrates to 57.5- 60.4% as compared with control treatment which was 74.5%.
Hexavalent chromium toxicity induced biochemical perturbation in Tilapia nilotica: role of Phoenix
Authors: Jebur A B , El-Demerdash F M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The current study was designed to investigate the protective role of Phoenix dactylifera (date palm) water extract (DPE) against oxidative injury induced by different concentrations of hexavalent chromium (CrVI) in liver and muscles of Tilapia nilotica (Oreochromis niloticus) fish in vitro. Results demonstrated that CrVI caused a significant concentration-dependent inhibition in glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities as well as glutathione content. In addition, inhibition in transaminases and alkaline phosphatase activities were observed. While, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels in liver and muscles homogenate were increased. On the other hand, homogenates treated with DPE alone improve the antioxidant status and liver function biomarkers. Moreover, homogenate pretreated with DPE then exposed to CrVI showed marked modulation in lipid peroxidation, enzyme activities and protein content as compared to their respective CrVI treated ones. Conclusively, Phoenix dactylifera might have a potential protective role against CrVI toxicity.
The nutritional composition and vitamin E of three Iraqi okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) seeds oil
Authors: AL-Kanani E A S , AL-Hilifi S A H , AL-Kareem A H 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study aimed to determination the nutritional and vitamin E analysis of the three Iraqi cultivars of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) seeds oil. The phenolic compound, chlorophyll, carotenoid and minerals (Fe, Zn, Ca, K, Mg, Na, P) were determined in okra seeds oil. The oil from A. esculentus seeds were extracted using Bligh and Dyer with chloroform: methanol (1:1). The mean values of total phenolic, the results of this study the husayniyah seeds oil contained the highest pheolic content (34.73mg Gallic acid/100g oil) and chlorophyll and caroteniod (2.295, 2.813mg/kg oil) in husayniyah respectively. Batera seed oil had the highest percentage of vitamin E (3861.347 ppm) when estimation vitamin HPLC. The results showed that petra seed oil had the highest Mg(321 ppm) while phosphorus was (382.799ppm) in husayniyah.