bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the Czech Republic
Authors: Tkadlec Jan , Capek Vaclav , Brajerova Marie , Smelikova Eva , Melter Oto , Bergerova Tamara , Polivkova Sylvia , Balejova Magda , Hanslianova Marketa , Fackova Daniela , Neradova Katerina , Tejkalova Renata , Vagnerova Iva , Bartonikova Natasa , Chmelarova Eva , Drevinek Pavel , Krutova Marcela 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To gain data on the current molecular epidemiology and resistance of MRSA in the Czech Republic.

Methods
Between September 2017 and January 2018, a total of 441 single-patient MRSA isolates were collected from 11 Czech hospitals and analysed by spa typing, SCCmec typing, antibiotic susceptibility testing, detection of the PVL toxin and the arcA gene.

Results
Of all MRSA isolates, 81.41% (n = 359) belonged to the CC5-MRSA clone represented by the spa types t003 (n = 136), t586 (n = 92), t014 (n = 81), t002 (n = 20) and other spa types (n = 30); a majority of the CC5 isolates (n = 348, 96.94%) carried SCCmec type II. The occurrence of CC5-MRSA was more likely in older inpatients and associated with a healthcare origin (P &lt; 0.001). The CC5-MRSA isolates were resistant to more antimicrobial drugs compared with the other MRSAs (P &lt; 0.001). Interestingly, t586 was detected in blood samples more often than the other spa types and, contrary to other spa types belonging to CC5-MRSA, t586 was not associated with patients of advanced age. Other frequently found lineages were CC8 (n = 17), CC398 (n = 11) and CC59 (n = 10). The presence of the PVL was detected in 8.62% (n = 38) of the MRSA isolates.

Conclusions
The healthcare-associated CC5-MRSA-II lineage (t003, t586, t014) was found to be predominant in the Czech Republic. t586 is a newly emerging spa type in the Czech Republic, yet reported rarely in other countries. Our observations stress the need for MRSA surveillance in the Czech Republic in order to monitor changes in MRSA epidemiology.
Simultaneous Quantification of Betulinic Acid, Lupeol, and β-Sitosterol in Madhuca longifolia Methanolic Extract of Bark by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometric Method
Authors: Patel Veena S , Chhalotiya Usmangani K , Patel Sandip B , Nuruddin Jivani 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry is used widely used for the quantitative analysis of phytoconstituents present in medicinal plants to assess the quality of extract used for different investigations.

Objective
A sensitive, precise, and accurate liquid chromatographic method with tandem mass spectrometric detection was developed for simultaneous quantification of lupeol, betulinic acid, and β-sitosterol in the methanolic extract of Madhuca longifolia bark.

Method
The three compounds were eluted with a stationary phase Gemini C18 column (50 × 2.0 mm, 3 μm id) and the temperature of the column was maintained by a column oven at 40 ± 0.3°C; mobile phase A (water and 0.1% formic acid) and mobile phase B [acetonitrile–methanol (50+50, v/v) and 0.1% formic acid] were used in a gradient mode and the flow rate was 0.4 mL/min.

Results
With these conditions, the retention time for betulinic acid, lupeol, and β-sitosterol was found to be 1.25, 3.08, and 3.53 minutes, respectively. The total run time was 5.0 min. Detection and quantitation of all three phytoconstituents were carried out by the mass spectrometer, a triple quadrupole equipped with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, and multiple reaction monitoring using the predominantly positive ion mode and obtained much higher and more stable response nebulizer gas flow at 3.0 L/min. Linear responses were exhibited for all three phytoconstituents with a dynamic linear range of 10–100 μg/mL with the values of the regression coefficient more than 0.995 for betulinic acid, lupeol, and β-sitosterol. The values of percentage RSD for intraday and interday precision were found to be within the accepted limits for analytical methods (&lt;15%). Selectivity, linearity, LOD, LOQ, accuracy, and precision were evaluated for all three phytoconstituents as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines.

Conclusions
The proposed method is accurate and sensitive and can be used for the routine quantification of betulinic acid, lupeol, and β-sitosterol from the herbal extract and its poly-herbal formulations.
Everything Is Bigger in Texas: Alcohol Impaired Driving in Houston (2014–2018)
Authors: Rodgers Corissa , Lloyd Melissa , Stout Peter , Lee Dayong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Driving while intoxicated (DWI) or driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) poses a continued public safety risk in Texas, which has one of the highest alcohol impaired traffic fatality rates. This study aimed to identify alcohol and drug use trends seen in DWI/DUID cases in the city of Houston from 2014 to 2018 to better understand the populations at risk. Blood samples submitted to the Houston Forensic Science Center (HFSC) were evaluated for blood alcohol concentration (BAC), drug concentrations and demographics. During the 5-year period, 12,682 Houston driver blood samples had a mean (median) BAC of 0.151 g/dL (0.167 g/dL) and age of 36.3 (34) years. Fifty percent of samples were white males. Seventy-five percent of samples were individuals aged 21 to 44 years. Between 2014 and 2018, the number of cases submitted nearly doubled, from approximately 2,000 cases per year to over 3,700. In 2014, 23% of cases submitted required further analysis per HFSC testing policy (drug screen and confirmation for DWI/DUID cases when BAC &lt; 0.100 g/dL), which rose to 27% by 2018. Of those, 36% were polydrug cases, requiring two or more confirmation tests. Cannabinoids was the most common drug class detected (34% of cases analyzed for drugs), followed by benzodiazepines (25%), phencyclidine (20%), cocaine/metabolites (15%) and opioids (12%). Phencyclidine rose from the fifth-most commonly detected drug in 2014 to the second-most drug in 2018. Only 3% of all cases (n = 408) were negative for both alcohol and drugs. Communication between law enforcement and laboratory management is recommended to address growing caseload more effectively. The study limitations (e.g., limited scope of analysis) suggest the present data underestimated the full extent of impaired driving in Houston, indicating even more urgent needs for increasing resources and efforts to reduce this serious threat to public safety.
Using Visual and Digital Imagery to Quantify Horn Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Densities
Authors: Smythe Brandon , Boxler David , Brewer Gary , Psota Eric , Watson D Wes 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The horn fly, Haematobia irritans L. (Diptera: Muscidae), is a persistent pest of cattle globally. A threshold of 200 flies per animal is considered the standard management goal; however, determining when that threshold has been exceeded is difficult using visual estimates that tend to overestimate the actual fly densities and are, at best, subjective. As a result, a more reliable and durable method of determining horn fly densities is needed. Here, we describe the methods commonly used to quantify horn fly densities including visual estimates and digital photography, and provide examples of quantification software and the prospect for computer automation methods.
Acceptability and Feasibility of Perioperative Music Listening: A Rapid Qualitative Inquiry Approach
Authors: Polascik Breanna A , Tan Daryl Jian An , Raghunathan Karthik , Kee Hwei Min , Lee Amanda , Sng Ban Leong , Belden Charles M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Perioperative music decreases pain, anxiety, and analgesia requirements while increasing patient satisfaction. We investigated the acceptability of perioperative music at a women’s and children’s hospital in Singapore, seeking to uncover barriers and facilitators to implementation in routine practice over a 12-week period. We used an undergraduate-led Rapid Qualitative Inquiry approach that includes data collection from multiple sources, iterative analysis, and additional data collection when necessary. Participants consisted of anesthesiologists and nurses working in the preoperative area, operating room, and postoperative recovery areas. In Stage 1, nurses and anesthesiologists answered a survey assessing attitudes and knowledge about perioperative music and attended a presentation introducing the intervention. In Stage 2, the results of the Stage 1 survey were disclosed, and nurses and anesthesiologists completed a second survey (Stage 1 survey questions with an additional query about implementation). Twenty-nine nurses were interviewed with semi-structured questions on barriers and facilitators to implementation. In Stage 3, nurses retook the Stage 2 survey after one month of implementation. The implementation of perioperative music was both acceptable and feasible in Singapore. The nurses’ and anesthesiologists’ acceptability increased over time with mostly positive qualitative feedback. Implementation barriers, including patient interest, timing of patient turnover, and added staff workload, appeared minor and could potentially be overcome by utilizing the intervention in the preoperative instead of postoperative area, deploying music in operating rooms with slower turnover, and evenly distributing staff workload. Local implementation stakeholders may make additional recommendations for scaling-up perioperative music interventions to fit other workflows while improving the patient experience.
Unligated vertical vein presenting as a large atrio-portal shunt in adulthood: a case report
Authors: Layton Georgia R , Koulouroudias Marinos , Issa Eyad , Jepson Steve , Corno Antonio F , Dennison Ashley R 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A 28-year-old male with infra-cardiac totally anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) repaired as new-born presented in adulthood with right heart strain and very large left atrium to portal vein vessel. Residual connections from pulmonary veins to systemic circulation are believed to represent persistent ‘vertical veins’ (VV) not ligated at the time of the initial surgery. In our patient, since endovascular occlusion was not judged suitable, the anomalous vessel was surgically ligated and resected. A review of the literature failed to find such a procedure reported in an adult patient and analyzed the intra-operative ligation of VV during repair of TAPVC.
The auroral radio emission of the magnetic B-type star ρ OphC
Authors: Leto P , Trigilio C , Buemi C S , Leone F , Pillitteri I , Fossati L , Cavallaro F , Oskinova L M , Ignace R , Krtička J , Umana G , Catanzaro G , Ingallinera A , Bufano F , Riggi S , Cerrigone L , Loru S , Schilliró F , Agliozzo C , Phillips N M , Giarrusso M , Robrade J 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
The non-thermal radio emission of main-sequence early-type stars is a signature of stellar magnetism. We present multiwavelength (1.6–16.7 GHz) ATCA measurements of the early-type magnetic star ρ OphC, which is a flat-spectrum non-thermal radio source. The ρ OphC radio emission is partially circularly polarized with a steep spectral dependence: the fraction of polarized emission is about $60{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ at the lowest frequency sub-band (1.6 GHz) while is undetected at 16.7 GHz. This is clear evidence of coherent Auroral Radio Emission (ARE) from the ρ OphC magnetosphere. Interestingly, the detection of the ρ OphC’s ARE is not related to a peculiar rotational phase. This is a consequence of the stellar geometry, which makes the strongly anisotropic radiation beam of the amplified radiation always pointed towards Earth. The circular polarization sign evidences mainly amplification of the ordinary mode of the electromagnetic wave, consistent with a maser amplification occurring within dense regions. This is indirect evidence of the plasma evaporation from the polar caps, a phenomenon responsible for the thermal X-ray aurorae. ρ OphC is not the first early-type magnetic star showing the O-mode dominated ARE but is the first star with the ARE always on view.
The discovery of the most UV–Ly α luminous star-forming galaxy: a young, dust- and metal-poor starburst with QSO-like luminosities
Authors: Marques-Chaves R , Álvarez-Márquez J , Colina L , Pérez-Fournon I , Schaerer D , Dalla Vecchia C , Hashimoto T , Jiménez-Ángel C , Shu Y 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We report the discovery of BOSS-EUVLG1 at z = 2.469, by far the most luminous, almost un-obscured star-forming galaxy known at any redshift. First classified as a QSO within the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey, follow-up observations with the Gran Telescopio Canarias reveal that its large luminosity, MUV ≃ −24.40 and log(LLyα/erg s–1) ≃ 44.0, is due to an intense burst of star formation, and not to an active galactic nucleus or gravitational lensing. BOSS-EUVLG1 is a compact (reff ≃ 1.2 kpc), young (4–5 Myr) starburst with a stellar mass log(M*/M⊙) = 10.0 ± 0.1 and a prodigious star formation rate of ≃1000 M⊙ yr−1. However, it is metal- and dust-poor [12 + log(O/H) = 8.13 ± 0.19, E(B – V) ≃ 0.07, log(LIR/LUV) &lt; −1.2], indicating that we are witnessing the very early phase of an intense starburst that has had no time to enrich the ISM. BOSS-EUVLG1 might represent a short-lived (&lt;100 Myr), yet important phase of star-forming galaxies at high redshift that has been missed in previous surveys. Within a galaxy evolutionary scheme, BOSS-EUVLG1 could likely represent the very initial phases in the evolution of massive quiescent galaxies, even before the dusty star-forming phase.
Impact of Q-fever fatigue syndrome on patients’ work status
Authors: Reukers D F M , van Loenhout J A F , Roof I , Senden T F , Keijmel S P , Bleeker-Rovers C P , van Jaarsveld C H M , Hautvast J L A , van der Velden K 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundChronic illnesses can increase the risk of unemployment, but evidence on the specific impact of Q-fever fatigue syndrome (QFS) on work is lacking.AimsThe aim of this study was to describe and quantify the impact of QFS on work.MethodsChanges in work status from 1 year prior to 4 years after acute Q-fever infection of QFS patients were retrospectively collected with a self-report questionnaire measuring employment status and hours of paid work per week. In addition, information on work ability, job satisfaction and need for recovery after work was collected in 2016. Data were compared to participants from the general population.ResultsThe proportion of employed QFS patients from 1 year prior to 4 years after acute infection decreased from 78 to 41%, while remaining relatively constant in the general population (82 to 78%). Working QFS patients showed a decrease in mean hours of paid work from 35 to 22 h per week, which is significantly steeper compared to the general population (31–28 h per week) (P &lt; 0.001). QFS patients showed a significantly lower work ability (P &lt; 0.001), lower job satisfaction (P = 0.006) and greater need for recovery (P &lt; 0.001) compared to the general population.ConclusionsThe number of QFS patients with paid work decreased over the years, while patients who continue to work experience lower work ability, job satisfaction and increased need for recovery. Occupational physicians should be aware of the occurrence and severity of the impact of QFS on work, even after many years.
Expansion of a Subset Within the C2 Subclade of Escherichia coli Sequence Type 131 (ST131) Is Driving the Increasing Rates of Aminoglycoside Resistance
Authors: Hojabri Zoya , Darabi Narges , Mirmohammadkhani Majid , Rahimi Hamzeh , Hemmati Romina , Saeedi Zahra , Roustaee Kiarash , Leekitcharoenphon Pimlapas , Pajand Omid , Aarestrup Frank M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Sequence type 131 (ST131) of Escherichia coli is a pandemic clone that drives the increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. While the pervasiveness of ST131 clade C, especially subclades C2 and C1-M27, has been demonstrated in numerous global surveys, no report about the ST131 clades and their virotypes has been published from Iran so far.

Methods
A collection of 73 consecutive ST131 isolates from extraintestinal specimens was investigated for determination of virotypes, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, resistance/virulence determinants, and clade subsets.

Results
Most of the isolates belonged to subclade C2 (33/73; 45.2%), which had the highest virulence factor (VF) scores and resistance rates, followed by C1-M27 (18; 24.6%), C1-non-M27 (14; 19.1%), and A (8; 10.9%). The distinctive profiles of subclade C2 virulence genes were revealed by principle coordinates analysis testing. The distribution of the hlyA virulence gene among subclade C2 was not uniform, so that positive strains (21; 63.6%) showed significantly higher rates of resistance (blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1, aac(6’)-Ib-cr, aac(6’)-Ib, aac(3)-IIa) and virulence (hra, tia/hek, K5, cnf, papGII, papC) markers and gentamicin/tobramycin resistance. Virotype C as the most common virotype (34; 46.5%) was predominant among the subclade C1 population, while virotypes E and F (21; 28.7%) were detected among subclade C2, which had the highest VF scores and aminoglycoside resistance rates.

Conclusions
The appearance of virotypes E and F among subclade C2 strains with higher rates of aminoglycoside resistance/virulence gene content shows the shifting dynamics of this pandemic clone in response to antibiotic selection pressure by establishing subsets with higher survival potential.
Deep Brain Electrode Externalization and Risk of Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kashanian Alon , Rohatgi Pratik , Chivukula Srinivas , Sheth Sameer A , Pouratian Nader 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
When evaluating deep brain stimulation (DBS) for newer indications, patients may benefit from trial stimulation prior to permanent implantation or for investigatory purposes. Although several case series have evaluated infectious complications among DBS patients who underwent trials with external hardware, outcomes have been inconsistent.

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether a period of lead externalization is associated with an increased risk of infection.

METHODS
We conducted a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses compliant systematic review of all studies that included rates of infection for patients who were externalized prior to DBS implantation. A meta-analysis of proportions was performed to estimate the pooled proportion of infection across studies, and a meta-analysis of relative risks was conducted on those studies that included a control group of nonexternalized patients. Heterogeneity across studies was assessed via I2 index.

RESULTS
Our search retrieved 23 articles, comprising 1354 patients who underwent lead externalization. The pooled proportion of infection was 6.9% (95% CI: 4.7%-9.5%), with a moderate to high level of heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 62.2%; 95% CI: 40.7-75.9; P < .0001). A total of 3 studies, comprising 212 externalized patients, included a control group. Rate of infection in externalized patients was 5.2% as compared to 6.0% in nonexternalized patients. However, meta-analysis was inadequately powered to determine whether there was indeed no difference in infection rate between the groups.

CONCLUSION
The rate of infection in patients with electrode externalization is comparable to that reported in the literature for DBS implantation without a trial period. Future studies are needed before this information can be confidently used in the clinical setting.
Midfrontal-occipital θ-tACS modulates cognitive conflicts related to bodily stimuli
Authors: Fusco Gabriele , Fusaro Martina , Aglioti Salvatore Maria 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNeurophysiological studies show that during tasks tapping cognitive control (like the flanker task), midfrontal theta (MFθ) oscillations are associated with conflict and error processing and neural top-down modulation of perceptual processing. What remains unknown is whether perceptual encoding of category-specific stimuli (e.g. body vs letters) used in flanker-like tasks is modulated by theta oscillations. To explore this issue, we delivered transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) in the theta frequency band (6 Hz) over the medial frontal cortex (MFC) and the extra-striate body area (EBA), whereas healthy participants performed two variants of the classical flanker task, one with stimuli representing human hands (i.e. hand-flanker) and the other with stimuli representing coloured letters (i.e. letter-flanker). More specifically, we aimed at investigating whether θ-tACS involving a body-related area may modulate the long-range communication between neuronal populations underlying conflict monitoring and visuo-perceptual encoding of hand stimuli without affecting the conflict driven by letter stimuli. Results showed faster correct response times during θ-tACS in the hand-flanker compared with γ-tACS (40 Hz) and sham. Importantly, such an effect did not emerge in the letter-flanker. Our findings show that theta oscillations over midfrontal-occipital areas modulate bodily specific, stimulus content-driven aspects of cognitive control.
Mechanism of the action of bioactive proteins of vegetables in diabetes mellitus type 2
Authors: Medeiros Amanda Fernandes de , Costa Izael de Sousa , Piuvezam Grasiela , Medeiros Gidyenne Christine Bandeira Silva de , Maciel Bruna Leal Lima , Morais Ana Heloneida de Araújo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background:
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is a chronic disease of significant prevalence causing hyperglycemia and several comorbidities. Evidences highlight the performance of non - protein bioactive compounds found in vegetables in the control of hyperglycemia. This study describes a protocol of a systematic review, which analyzes the action of proteins and bioactive peptides of plants in DM2.

Methods:
The Preferred Reporting Items guide this protocol for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes Protocols (PRISMA-P) was used. The databases that will be used for searching will be PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Virtual Health Library, Brazil (VHL). Studies that use bioactive proteins and peptides of vegetal origin in DM2 will be included in the systematic review. The studies will be identified using clinical parameters and the effect on insulin resistance. The characteristics of the studies as control groups, test substance, dosage, intervention time, and the main results will be described. Selection of studies, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment will be performed independently by two experienced reviewers.

Results:
This protocol will be the basis for a systematic review identifying the mechanism of action of plant proteins and peptides in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Conclusion:
Systematic reviews from this protocol will provide support for the construction of researches that analyze the effect of plant bioactive proteins and peptides on the control of hyperglycemia and how these molecules act in the control of DM2.

Prospero Registration Number:
CRD42019110956.