bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combination therapies with thiazolidinediones are associated with a lower risk of acute exacerbations in new-onset COPD patients with advanced diabetic mellitus: a cohort-based case-control study
Authors: Chen Kuan-Yuan , Wu Sheng-Ming , Tseng Chien-Hua , Lee Kang-Yun , Lin Yu-Huei , Liu Hung-Yi , Chien Li-Nien 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The effects of oral antihyperglycemic drugs (OADs) for T2DM on outcomes of co-existing COPD patients have been less concerned. We examined the association of combinational OADs and risk of AECOPD in T2DM patients with co-existing COPDMETHODS: A cohort-based case-control study was conducted using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. Among new-onset COPD-T2DM patients, 65,370 were prescribed with metformin and 2nd line OADs before the date of COPD onset. Each AECOPD case was matched to 4 randomly selected controls according to the propensity score estimated by patient’s baseline characteristics. Conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the association between AECOPD risk and OADs use. RESULTS: Among COPD-T2DM patients, 3,355 AECOPD cases and 13,420 matched controls were selected. All COPD-T2DM patients with a double combination of oral OADs (n=12,916), AECOPD patients were less likely to be exposed to sulfonylurea (SU) and thiazolidinediones (TZD) compared to the patients received metformin (MET) and SU, with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51–0.94, P=0.02). Of the patients with a triple combination of oral OADs (n=3,859), we found that MET, SU and TZD had a lower risk of AECOPD (adjusted OR=0.81 (0.68-0.96, P=0.01) compared to a combination of MET, SU and a-glucosidase inhibitors (AGI) regardless the level of COPD complexity. CONCLUSION: Combination therapies with TZD were associated with reducing risk of AECOPD in advanced T2DM patients with co-existing COPD.
Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Swedish University Students Before and During Six Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cohort Study.
Authors: Johansson Fred , Côté Pierre , Hogg-Johnson Sheilah , Rudman Ann , Holm Lena W. , Grotle Margreth , Jensen Irene , Sundberg Tobias , Edlund Klara , Skillgate Eva 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has a profound effect on societies and citizens worldwide, raising concerns about potential mental health impacts. We aimed to describe trajectories of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak compared to before, and determine if trajectories were modified by pre-pandemic loneliness, poor sleep quality and mental health problems. We conducted a cohort study with 1836 Swedish university students entering before the onset of the pandemic, March 13, 2020, with follow-ups within three (FU1) and six months (FU2) of the outbreak. Generalized Estimating Equations were used to estimate mean differences in symptom levels over time-periods, and to estimate potential effect modifications. We found small differences in mean levels of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) over time. Compared to before the pandemic, depression increased by 0.25 points of 21 (95% CI: 0.04 to 0.45) at FU1 and decreased by -0.75/21 (95% CI: -0.97 to -0.53) at FU2. Anxiety decreased from baseline to FU1 by -0.09/21 (95% CI: -0.24 to 0.07) and by -0.77/21 (95% CI: -0.93 to -0.61) to FU2. Stress decreased from baseline to FU1 by -0.30/21 (95% CI: -0.52 to -0.09) and by -1.32/21 (95% CI: -1.55 to -1.09) to FU2. Students with pre-pandemic loneliness, poor sleep quality and pre-pandemic mental health problems did not show worse trajectories of mean mental health symptoms. In conclusion, symptom levels were relatively stable during the first three months of the pandemic, while there was a slight decrease during the summer months, probably due to seasonality effects.
Foreign Language Exposure in Knowledge-Building Forums Using English as a Foreign Language
Authors: Manegre Marni 
Published: January 2021

This study examines whether the students with higher levels of language and cultural awareness relating to the L2 share this knowledge with their peers in collaborative writing tasks when participating in the Knowledge Building International Project (KBIP). The study was conducted in two Spanish classrooms, where the participants were bilingual in both Catalan and Spanish. A pre-questionnaire was used to determine the level of exposure to English language and English culture and the students were scored on their responses and then divided into three groups: low-, medium-, and high-level exposure to English. A one-way ANOVA was used to determine whether exposure to English language and culture outside of the classroom would influence pre-test scores. There is an interaction effect between language and cultural exposure and the pre-test scores (F = 5.17). Upon the conclusion of the collaborative writing task, a one-way ANOVA was used to determine whether there was an interaction effect between language and cultural exposure and the post-test scores (F = 4.47). The student scores increased at the same rate across the groups. This indicates that the students did not share their knowledge of the English language and culture with their peers in this online writing task.
AjugaL.: A Systematic Review on Chemical Composition, Phytopharmacological and Biological Potential
Authors: Nagarkoti Kirti , Kanyal Jeewanti , Prakash Om , Kumar Ravendra , Rawat D.S. , Pant A.K. 
Published: January 2021

Background:The Himalayan region has been reported as rich accumulation of natural wealth, particularly of aromatic and medicinal plants. Indian Ajuga species (Ajuga brachystemon, Ajuga integrifolia, Ajuga macrosperma and Ajuga parviflora) belonging to Lamiaceae family have been reported from different parts of Uttarakhand. Phytochemical studies revealed presence of various bioactive compounds including neo-clerodane diterpenoids, steroids, phytoecdysteroids, sphingolipids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, fatty acids, iridoids, triglycerides, withanolides, phenylethanoid glycosides and quinols. Modern pharmacological activities of Ajuga species including anti-inflammatory, anti plasmodial activity, anti-platelet activity, antioxidant activity, analgesic assay, anti diabetic activity, antifungal activity, insecticidal activity and cytotoxity have been published by various researchers.Objective:The present study is aimed at exploring chemical composition, pharmacological and biological activities of Ajuga species as worked out by researchers and scientific community. Due to the excessive use of Ajuga species it needs to be conserved and requires important measures for its conservation.Methods:The analysis of essential oils and plant extract has been reported through solvent extraction, steam distillation method, GC-MS analysis and HPLC.Results:Literature survey revealed reports of Ajuga L. to be used against various ailments such as stomach-ache, dermatitis, malaria, snake-bite, ear-ache, arthritis, bleeding, wounds, asthma, pneumonia, respiratory problems, fever, dysentery, and joint pain.Conclusion:The detailed description would be helpful in future studies. Recent biotechnological approaches have been reported useful to conserve A. bracteosa due to over exploitation for research purpose whereas A. brachystemon and A. macrosperma have been reported rarely in the wild.
Case Series and Mini-Review on Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, A high
Alert Organism Causing Meningitis in Premature Neonates from A Tertiary
Care Hospital of Western Rajasthan
Authors: Abhishek Kumar S , Kombade Sarika P. , Gupta Neeraj , Tak Vibhor , Nag Vijaya Lakshmi , Singh Kuldeep , Agarwal Nidhima 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is a ubiquitous organism rarely associated with human diseases,
but its association especially among hospitalized premature neonates and immunocompromised individuals are not so
common.

Case:
We report two cases of neonatal bacteraemia and meningitis among low birth weight premature neonates admitted in
neonatal intensive care units (NICU) by E. meningoseptica, a high alert organism associated with such conditions.

Conclusions:
E. meningoseptica, a high alert organism associated with meningitis among premature underweight neonates.
High degree of resistant to most of the broad-spectrum antibiotics makes its management a challenging task. A good
communication between the clinician and the microbiologist becomes very important for the proper management of the
patients.
Curcumin Nanomicelle Improves Lipid Profile, Stress Oxidative Factors and Inflammatory Markers in Patients Undergoing Coronary Elective Angioplasty; A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Helli Bijan , Gerami Hadis , Kavianpour Maria , Heybar Habib , Hosseini Seyed Kianoosh , Haghighian Hossein Khadem 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Curcumin has demonstrated many pharmacological effects including antioxidants,
anti-inflammation, eliminating free radicals, anti-tumor, lipid regulation, and anti-coagulation.

Objective:
This study aimed to assess and compare the effects of curcumin and nano-curcumin on
lipid profile, oxidative stress, and inflammatory factors related to patient’s heart.

Method:
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 90 patients
undergoing coronary elective angioplasty who were randomly divided into 3 groups. The doses
administered for 8 weeks were a 500 mg capsule of curcumin daily for the first group and an 80
mg capsule of nano-curcumin for the second group. However, the placebo group received capsules
like curcumin. Lipid profile, oxidative stress factors, and inflammatory markers were measured at
the baseline and end of the experiment.

Results:
Statistically significant changes were observed in the total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol
(TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the intervention groups to the control
group (p<0.05). Curcumin and nano-curcumin supplementation also exhibited significant
changes in plasma levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide
dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-
CRP), Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in comparison to the
placebo (p<0.05). Furthermore, the nano-curcumin group compared to the curcumin group demonstrated
significant changes (p<0.05) in TC, TG, SOD, MDA and TNF-α levels.

Conclusion:
The effects of curcumin on nano formula may be better for cardiac patients due to its
high bioavailability.
Choline Chloride/Glycerol Promoted Synthesis of 3,3-Disubstituted Indol- 2-ones
Authors: Xu Ling , Zhang Wei-Hong , Cui Zhen-Shui , Zhang Zhan-Hui 
Published: January 2021

Objective::
3,3-Disubstituted indol-2-one derivatives have wider applications in pharmaceuticals
and they are key intermediates for the synthesis of many kinds of drug candidates. The development
of an efficient and practical method to prepare this class of compound is highly desirable
from both environmental and economical points of views.

Methods::
In order to establish an effective synthetic method for preparing 3,3-disubstituted indol-
2-one derivatives, the bis-condensation reaction of isatin and 1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione was selected
as a model reaction. A variety of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) were prepared
and used for this reaction. The generality and limitation of the established method were also investigated.

Results::
It was found that model reaction can be carried out in natural deep eutectic solvent
(NADES) based on choline chloride (ChCl) at 80°C under microwave irradiation. This protocol
with a broad substrate applicability afforded various 2,2'-(2-oxoindoline-3,3-diyl)bis(1H-indene-
1,3(2H)-dione) derivatives in high yields.

Conclusion::
A simple and efficient procedure has been developed for synthesis of 2,2'-(2-oxoindoline-
3,3-diyl)bis(1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione), spiro[indoline-3,7'-pyrano[5,6-c:5,6-c']dichromene]-
2,6',8'-trione, and spiro[indoline-3,9'-xanthene]trione via bis-condensation between isatin with 1,3-
indandione, 4-hydroxycoumarin or 1,3-cyclohexanedione in natural deep eutectic solvent
(NADES) based on choline chloride (ChCl) and glycerol (Gl) under microwave irradiation. The
salient features of this protocol are avoidance of any additive/catalyst and toxic organic solvent,
clean reaction profiles, non-chromatographic purification procedure, and high to excellent yield.
Furthermore, the use of NADES as green reaction medium reduces burden on environment and
makes the present method environmentally sustainable.
Alternative Medicine as a Treatment Option for COVID-19
Authors: Marzan Mahfuza , Rahman Md. Shahedur , Mostofa Jamal Md. Abu Hena , Shariare Mohammad Hossain , Parvez Md. Anowar Khasru 
Published: January 2021

:
COVID-19, a viral disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, is the reason for a global pandemic
since the starting of the year 2020. The characteristics of the disease vary from mild common coldlike
symptoms to acute respiratory distress syndrome and multi-organ failure leading to death. The
world has already observed 213,453 deaths from this disease while 3,095,839 have been infected in
210 countries in total, till 28 April 2020. This disease has had a devastating impact on the health
care system because of its high infectivity, easy mode of transmission, lack of proper medicine and
vaccine, and deficiency of effectively supportive healthcare arrangement. On the verge of this situation,
scientists are searching for treatment options. However, nature has provided us with a large
number of herbs, which have disease preventive, as well as have medicinal properties. In this article,
we have reviewed several of these plants (ginger, clove, tea, black seed, tulsi, neem), some vitamins
(vitamin C and vitamin D) and zinc, which have antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and
anti-asthmatic properties with scientific evidence. The intake of these products regularly to keep
the immune system active and to experience its positive aspects, might be supportive to prevent infection
with the new coronavirus or to treat COVID-19.
Bee Venom PLA2 versus Snake Venom PLA2: Evaluation of Structural
and Functional Properties
Authors: Bitar Lara , Jundia Dania , Rima Mohamad , Sabatier Jean-Marc , Fajloun Ziad 
Published: January 2021

Abstract::
Phospholipases A2 enzymes are found in many mammalian tissues and in animal venoms. Those present in bee
venom (bvPLA2) and snake venom (svPLA2) have been studied more particularly for their biological activities of interest.
Although they belong to the same family of secreted PLA2 (sPLA2), bvPLA2 and svPLA2 differ from a structural and
functional point of view. In this review, we describe the morphological characteristics of these two enzymes and the structural
determinants that govern their functions. After describing their cytotoxicity, we compared their biological activities,
including antimicrobial, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-neurodegenerative, and anti-nociceptive effects. In addition,
we highlighted their therapeutical applications and deduced bvPLA2 has better potential than svPLA2 in biotechnological
and pharmaceutical innovations.
Tracking and Monitoring Mood Stability of Patients With Major Depressive Disorder by Machine Learning Models Using Passive Digital Data: Prospective Naturalistic Multicenter Study
Authors: Bai Ran , Xiao Le , Guo Yu , Zhu Xuequan , Li Nanxi , Wang Yashen , Chen Qinqin , Feng Lei , Wang Yinghua , Yu Xiangyi , Wang Chunxue , Hu Yongdong , Liu Zhandong , Xie Haiyong , Wang Gang 
Published: January 2021

Background
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common mental illness characterized by persistent sadness and a loss of interest in activities. Using smartphones and wearable devices to monitor the mental condition of patients with MDD has been examined in several studies. However, few studies have used passively collected data to monitor mood changes over time.

Objective
The aim of this study is to examine the feasibility of monitoring mood status and stability of patients with MDD using machine learning models trained by passively collected data, including phone use data, sleep data, and step count data.

Methods
We constructed 950 data samples representing time spans during three consecutive Patient Health Questionnaire-9 assessments. Each data sample was labeled as Steady or Mood Swing, with subgroups Steady-remission, Steady-depressed, Mood Swing-drastic, and Mood Swing-moderate based on patients’ Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores from three visits. A total of 252 features were extracted, and 4 feature selection models were applied; 6 different combinations of types of data were experimented with using 6 different machine learning models.

Results
A total of 334 participants with MDD were enrolled in this study. The highest average accuracy of classification between Steady and Mood Swing was 76.67% (SD 8.47%) and that of recall was 90.44% (SD 6.93%), with features from all types of data being used. Among the 6 combinations of types of data we experimented with, the overall best combination was using call logs, sleep data, step count data, and heart rate data. The accuracies of predicting between Steady-remission and Mood Swing-drastic, Steady-remission and Mood Swing-moderate, and Steady-depressed and Mood Swing-drastic were over 80%, and the accuracy of predicting between Steady-depressed and Mood Swing-moderate and the overall Steady to Mood Swing classification accuracy were over 75%. Comparing all 6 aforementioned combinations, we found that the overall prediction accuracies between Steady-remission and Mood Swing (drastic and moderate) are better than those between Steady-depressed and Mood Swing (drastic and moderate).

Conclusions
Our proposed method could be used to monitor mood changes in patients with MDD with promising accuracy by using passively collected data, which can be used as a reference by doctors for adjusting treatment plans or for warning patients and their guardians of a relapse.

Trial Registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1900021461; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=36173
ETHNOMATHEMATICS: PRANATAMANGSA SYSTEM AND THE BIRTH-DEATH CEREMONIAL IN YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Prahmana Rully Charitas Indra , Yunianto Wahid , Rosa Milton , Orey Daniel Clark 
Published: January 2021

Mathematics exists as rooted in human ideas, ways, and techniques to respond to their environments. Along with its development, mathematics has been taught through formal education or schooling in the flat- not flexible ways and far from students' social and cultural lives. Indonesia is rich with culture, including the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY). It is called a city of culture. Educators are not yet aware of this richness in the learning process to integrate it as the starting point. It is hard to find in mathematics textbooks in Indonesia, which put cultural context as starting points. Therefore, this study aims to explore Yogyakarta's culture in terms of contexts used in mathematics learning. It is an ethnography study. Furthermore, the data was collected through literature artifacts, field observation, and interviews with resource persons who understand the seasons, system, and calculation of birth and death days. It is to clarify the researcher's understanding of the literature. This study showed that Yogyakarta's people use mathematical modeling to determine the seasons' system and funerary dates. These models have the potential to be used as a starting point in learning mathematics.
Kepatuhan Jumantik Rumah dalam Mengisi Kartu Jentik Sebagai Upaya Surveilans Vektor DBD di Kecamatan Pondok Aren Kota Tangerang Selatan
Authors: Fuadzy Hubullah , Prasetyowati Heni , Astuti Endang Puji 
Published: January 2021

Control form in one house one Jumantik program can be a vector surveillance media. The implementation of the control form has many obstacles. This study described the compliance of Jumantik in filling control form in high and low dengue case area in South Tangerang. Quantitative data were obtained using a closed questionnaire with 268 respondents. Qualitative data were obtained from in-depth interviews with 10 selected informants. Variables in the form of characteristics, knowledge, attitudes and actions were analyzed using the Mann Whitney test to see group differences, while qualitative analysis by identifying potential and motivation for compliance in filling control form which is categorized into Strengtness, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat (SWOT) analysis. The results show that most of the respondents are women who in productive age. Most of the respondents knew the form and benefits of the control form (p-value 0.101; 0.248), but respondents didn’t know who filled out the forms (p-value 0.636). These results did not differ significantly between low and high DHF case groups, these results were the same as the analysis of attitude variables (p-value 0.254 and 0.636). The action analysis showed that there were differences in the routine practice of filling and checking control forms between the low and high case groups (p-value 0.000; 0.005) as well as the implementation of G1R1J socialization (p-value 0.000). House larva monitoring obedience to fill control form in areas with low Dengue cases is better than in areas with high Dengue cases. The challenges in filling control form were lack of facilities, old age of staff, visual impairment, busyness, and forgetfulness.
Kondisi Kebersihan Lingkungan Berhubungan dengan Risiko Penularan Kasus Leptospirosis di Area Pasar Tradisional
Authors: Widiastuti Dyah , Priyanto Dwi 
Published: January 2021

Leptospirosis is associated with occupations which exposed workers to contaminated environments. The risk of leptospirosis exposure in the market as a gathering place for many people needs to be assessed, to obtain the basis for decision making to anticipate leptospirosis transmission. This study aimed to determine the relationship between market environmental conditions including market sanitation conditions, the level of rat density and the presence of leptospira-positive rats toward the history of leptospirosis exposure among market workers (traders and janitors). A cross sectional study conducted in 35 markets in Banjarnegara and 175 market workers randomly selected. Blood samples analysed using ELISA against 40 Kda pathogenic Leptospira protein. Rat trapping conducted in each market for two days with 100 traps. The caught mice examined with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to detect the presence of Leptospira bacteria in their kidneys. Leptospirosis exposure was spread in 17 markets in Banjarnegara. The PCR examination showed that the pathogenic Leptospira infected rats were spread in four markets in Banjarnegara. Chi square test showed that the hygene condition in market area was significantly associated with the leptospirosis exposure. Markets workers (traders and janitors) were at risk for leptospirosis proved by high seroprevalence of leptospirosis in this study.