bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobilization practices in critically ill children: a European point prevalence study (EU PARK-PICU)
Authors: Ista Erwin , Scholefield Barnaby R. , Manning Joseph C. , Harth Irene , Gawronski Orsola , Bartkowska-Śniatkowska Alicja , Ramelet Anne-Sylvie , Kudchadkar Sapna R. ,   EU PARK-PICU Collaborators, Ritson Paul C. , Nikolaou Filippia , de Neef Marjorie , Kneyber Martin , Penny-Thomas Kate , Linton Christina , Balmaks Reinis , Richter Matthias , Chiusolo Fabrizio , Cecchetti Corrado , Roberti Marco , Di Furia Michela , Grandjean Chantal , Nygaard Bettina , Lopez Yolanda , Koroglu Tolga , Besci Tolga , Mora Roberta Da Rin Della , Agbeko Rachel S. , Borrows Emma , Bochaton Nathalie , Mattsson Janet , Ksellmann Anne , Hero Barbara , Rosada-Kurasinska Jowita , Świder Magdalena , Bonaldi Amabile , Giugni Cristina , Oruganti Siva , Gates Simon , Smith Hazel , van Zwol Annelies , Hills Jenna , Conroy Johanna , Bebbington Mark , Neunhoeffer Felix , Duval Els 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundEarly mobilization of adults receiving intensive care improves health outcomes, yet little is known about mobilization practices in paediatric intensive care units (PICUs). We aimed to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with physical rehabilitation in PICUs across Europe.MethodsA 2-day, cross-sectional, multicentre point prevalence study was conducted in May and November 2018. The primary outcome was the prevalence of physical therapy (PT)- or occupational therapy (OT)-provided mobility. Clinical data and data on patient mobility, potential mobility safety events, and mobilization barriers were prospectively collected in patients admitted for ≥72 h.ResultsData of 456 children admitted to one of 38 participating PICUs from 15 European countries were collected (456 patient days); 70% were under 3 years of age. The point prevalence of PT- and/or OT-provided mobility activities was 39% (179/456) (95% CI 34.7–43.9%) during the patient days, with significant differences between European regions. Nurses were involved in 72% (924/1283) of the mobility events; in the remaining 28%, PT/OT, physicians, family members, or other professionals were involved. Of the factors studied, family presence was most strongly positively associated with out-of-bed mobilization (aOR 7.83, 95% CI 3.09–19.79). Invasive mechanical ventilation with an endotracheal tube was negatively associated with out-of-bed mobility (aOR 0.28, 95% CI 0.12–0.68). Patients were completely immobile on 25% (115/456) of patient days. Barriers to mobilization were reported on 38% of patient days. The most common reported patient-related barriers were cardiovascular instability (n = 47, 10%), oversedation (n = 39, 9%), and medical contraindication (n = 37, 8%). Potential safety events occurred in 6% of all documented mobilization events.ConclusionTherapists are infrequently consulted for mobilization of critically ill children in European PICUs. This study highlights the need for a systematic and interdisciplinary mobilization approach for critically ill children.Graphical abstract
Whole-genome sequence association analysis of blood proteins in a longitudinal wellness cohort
Authors: Zhong Wen , Gummesson Anders , Tebani Abdellah , Karlsson Max J. , Hong Mun-Gwan , Schwenk Jochen M. , Edfors Fredrik , Bergström Göran , Fagerberg Linn , Uhlén Mathias 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe human plasma proteome is important for many biological processes and targets for diagnostics and therapy. It is therefore of great interest to understand the interplay of genetic and environmental factors to determine the specific protein levels in individuals and to gain a deeper insight of the importance of genetic architecture related to the individual variability of plasma levels of proteins during adult life.MethodsWe have combined whole-genome sequencing, multiplex plasma protein profiling, and extensive clinical phenotyping in a longitudinal 2-year wellness study of 101 healthy individuals with repeated sampling. Analyses of genetic and non-genetic associations related to the variability of blood levels of proteins in these individuals were performed.ResultsThe analyses showed that each individual has a unique protein profile, and we report on the intra-individual as well as inter-individual variation for 794 plasma proteins. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) using 7.3 million genetic variants identified by whole-genome sequencing revealed 144 independent variants across 107 proteins that showed strong association (P < 6 × 10−11) between genetics and the inter-individual variability on protein levels. Many proteins not reported before were identified (67 out of 107) with individual plasma level affected by genetics. Our longitudinal analysis further demonstrates that these levels are stable during the 2-year study period. The variability of protein profiles as a consequence of environmental factors was also analyzed with focus on the effects of weight loss and infections.ConclusionsWe show that the adult blood levels of many proteins are determined at birth by genetics, which is important for efforts aimed to understand the relationship between plasma proteome profiles and human biology and disease.
DNA methylation for cervical cancer screening: a training set in China
Authors: Kong Linghua , Wang Linhai , Wang Ziyun , Xiao Xiaoping , You Yan , Wu Huanwen , Wu Ming , Liu Pei , Li Lei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Despite rapid improvements in DNA methylation tools for cervical cancer screening, few robust, exploratory studies have been performed using the combination of two host genes, EPB41L3 and JAM3, newly developed assays.

Methods
A review of abnormal liquid-based cytology and/or high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) data from outpatient clinics in the study center from March 2018 to March 2019 was performed. Eligible patients with definitive histological pathology results were included, and their residual cytology samples were assessed for EPB41L3 and JAM3 methylation. The diagnostic accuracies of various screening strategies for definitive pathology and for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 or more severe lesions (CIN2+) were compared.

Results
In total, 306 patients were successfully tested; 301 cases with cervical histological pathology were included in the final analysis, including 118 (39.2%) and 183 (60.8%) cases of inflammation/CIN1 and CIN2+, respectively. Regarding CIN2+ detection, methylation status and hrHPV plus methylation had similar positive predictive values (0.930 and 0.954, respectively, p = 0.395). Additionally, hrHPV, methylation, and hrHPV plus methylation had similar negative predictive values (0.612, 0.679, and 0.655, p = 0.677) that were significantly higher than that of cytology alone (0.250, p values 0.012, 0.001, and 0.001, respectively). For 49 cases with negative hrHPV results, positive methylation alone was able to differentiate CIN2+ from inflammation/CIN1.

Conclusions
Methylation of both EPB41L3 and JAM3 is an accurate and feasible screening method for CIN2+.
Advanced paternal age as a risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders: a translational study
Authors: Krug Axel , Wöhr Markus , Seffer Dominik , Rippberger Henrike , Sungur A. Özge , Dietsche Bruno , Stein Frederike , Sivalingam Sugirthan , Forstner Andreas J. , Witt Stephanie H. , Dukal Helene , Streit Fabian , Maaser Anna , Heilmann-Heimbach Stefanie , Andlauer Till F. M. , Herms Stefan , Hoffmann Per , Rietschel Marcella , Nöthen Markus M. , Lackinger Martin , Schratt Gerhard , Koch Michael , Schwarting Rainer K. W. , Kircher Tilo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAdvanced paternal age (APA) is a risk factor for several neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism and schizophrenia. The potential mechanisms conferring this risk are poorly understood. Here, we show that the personality traits schizotypy and neuroticism correlated with paternal age in healthy subjects (N= 677). Paternal age was further positively associated with gray matter volume (VBM,N= 342) in the right prefrontal and the right medial temporal cortex. The integrity of fiber tracts (DTI,N= 222) connecting these two areas correlated positively with paternal age. Genome-wide methylation analysis in humans showed differential methylation in APA individuals, linking APA to epigenetic mechanisms. A corresponding phenotype was obtained in our rat model. APA rats displayed social-communication deficits and emitted fewer pro-social ultrasonic vocalizations compared to controls. They further showed repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, together with higher anxiety during early development. At the neurobiological level, microRNAs miR-132 and miR-134 were both differentially regulated in rats and humans depending on APA. This study demonstrates associations between APA and social behaviors across species. They might be driven by changes in the expression of microRNAs and/or epigenetic changes regulating neuronal plasticity, leading to brain morphological changes and fronto-hippocampal connectivity, a network which has been implicated in social interaction.
Extravasation of [177Lu]Lu-DOTATOC: case report and discussion
Authors: Arveschoug Anne Kirstine , Bekker Anne Charlotte , Iversen Peter , Bluhme Henrik , Villadsen Gerda Elisabeth , Staanum Peter Frøhlich 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
In the case of extravasation of radioactive drugs used in peptide-receptor radionuclide therapy of neuroendocrine tumors, or in radionuclide therapy in general, rapid action is important to reduce or avoid complications. The literature on extravasation of drugs for radionuclide therapy is sparse. Based on the present case, we discuss handling and consequences of extravasation. Further, we demonstrate that dosimetry can aid in judging if the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors is satisfactory even after extravasation.

Case presentation
A case of extravasation of [177Lu]Lu-DOTATOC with a treatment strategy involving exercise and elevation of the affected arm and application of a compression bandage and heating is reported. Redistribution of the drug is verified and quantified by whole-body imaging and quantitative SPECT/CT and measurements of the dose rate at contact with the injection site. [177Lu]Lu-DOTATOC was redistributed to tumors and organs within 1 day. The patient did not report any discomfort during or after hospitalization, and no side effects related to extravasation were observed. Quantitative SPECT/CT scans at the subsequent treatment cycle of the same patient were analyzed for a comparison between the treatments. Dosimetry showed the treatments were similar with respect to the kidney and tumor absorbed doses. The radiation dose to the epidermal basal layer near the injection site was estimated and found to be consistent with the lack of side effects.

Conclusions
The treatment of extravasation was successful, and the redistribution of the drug can be easily verified through measurement of the dose rate at contact with the skin. From the results of dosimetry, it was assessed that no change of the treatment course was necessary to compensate for a possibly incomplete treatment as a result of the extravasation.
Bioinformatics analysis and characterization of a secretory cystatin from Thelohanellus kitauei
Authors: Zhang Fengli , Yang Yalin , Gao Chenchen , Yao Yuanyuan , Xia Rui , Hu Juan , Ran Chao , Zhang Zhen , Zhou Zhigang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThelohanellus kitauei, is a member of obligate parasitic myxozoans, which causes intestinal giant-cystic disease of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and has resulted in significant economic losses in carp farms. Cystatin secreted by parasites can regulate the immune response of host to facilitate parasite’s survival. In this study, the secretory TK-cystatin gene, encoding a protein of 120 amino acid residues (13.65 kDa), was cloned fromT. kitaueigenome. Phylogenetic analysis showed that TK-cystatin gene is closely related to the cystatin-A fromHydra vulgaris. Multiple sequence alignment revealed that TK-cystatin had three conserved motifs: N-terminal G19G20, Q73VVAG77, and C-terminal L102P103. Molecular docking between TK-cystatin and three cysteine proteases showed a lower binding energy (− 13 KJ/mol) with cathepsin L whereas a higher binding energy (− 8.6 KJ/mol) with cathepsin B. TK-cystatin gene was expressed inEscherichia coli. Activity assays revealed that TK-cystatin has stronger inhibitory activity on endopeptidases (papain and cathepsin L) and weaker inhibitory activity on exopeptidase (cathepsin B). TK-cystatin was stable under the condition of acidity or alkalinity or below 57 °C. This study laid a foundation for the design and development of the anti-T. kitaueivaccine in carp culture in the future.
Simplified clustering and improved intercluster cooperation approach for wireless sensor network energy balanced routing
Authors: Yao Yanxin , Chen Wei , Guo Jie , He Xiaoyu , Li Ruixuan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe equilibrium use of energy is very important for wireless sensor networks (WSN) with limited energy in order to avoid premature network collapse. The existing methods either need too complex calculations for precise clustering, or are too simple to overburden a few cluster heads. In order to solve these problems, we proposed energy balanced clustering routing (EBCR) in this paper. It could maximize the WSN life in energy non-harvesting scenario or improve energy utilization efficiency in energy harvesting scenario without increasing the amount of calculations. It gives a complete solution to the process of cluster head election, clustering, and intercluster routing algorithm. Firstly, a light weight cluster head election and a distributed cluttering method are proposed by introducing dynamic cluster radius and intersection region node division schemes with new principles. Thus, lightweight distributed clustering achieves the advantages of balancing the burden of cluster heads and alleviating hot zone problem. Then we optimized the cluster cooperative routing algorithm by analyzing cooperation and competition among cluster heads. The intercluster cooperative routing algorithm greatly improves the transmission efficiency between cluster heads. Moreover, this paper analyzes the reasons why the algorithm achieves more balanced energy usage, higher energy efficiency, and fewer calculations compared to the existing mainstream algorithms. At last, simulation results show that EBCR algorithm has advantages in terms of network energy consumption, number of surviving nodes in energy non-harvesting scenario compared with the delay-constrained energy-efficient cluster-based multi-hop routing (DCEM) method. Simulation also gives EBCR algorithm performance under various energy harvesting scenarios, which is quite satisfactory in energy utilization efficiency comparing with DCEM method. EBCR algorithm has superior performance in terms of balanced energy usage, low computation complexity, and high energy efficiency.
Harms associated with gambling: abbreviated systematic review protocol
Authors: Beynon Caryl , Pearce-Smith Nicola , Clark Rachel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
According to the Gambling Commission, in 2018, almost half of the general population aged 16 and over had participated in gambling in the 4 weeks before being surveyed. Such surveys suggest that the proportion of people who are classed as ‘problem’ gamblers is relatively small; however, this may be related to the ways data are collected and gambling behaviour is classified. Concern about the harms associated with gambling is rising, and in response, Public Health England (PHE) has initiated this review to identify the harms associated with this activity. Harms to the gambler, their close associates and the wider society will all be included.

Methods
Abbreviated systematic review processes will be employed. Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Ovid Psycinfo, NICE Evidence and EBSCO SocIndex; a range of websites (for grey literature); and reference lists of included studies will be searched. Experts will be asked to identify other relevant literature. Literature published in years 2005–2019, published in English, from a country within the Organisation for Economic Development (OECD) and following an observational, qualitative or systematic review design will be included. AMSTAR2 (systematic reviews), the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (observational studies) and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) qualitative checklist (qualitative studies) will be used to assess the risk of bias. A narrative synthesis will be used to summarise the results. The body of evidence will also be assessed according to the principles laid out in the CERQual approach.

Discussion
This protocol provides details of the framework that has been set up to guide this systematic review. The results of this review will provide an extensive assessment of the breadth and magnitude of harms associated with gambling. This will be one of the most comprehensive reviews of gambling-related harms undertaken to date.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42019154757
The optimal management of Seymour fractures in children and adolescents: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Kiely Ailbhe L. , Nolan Grant S. , Cooper Lilli R. L. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Seymour fractures are open, displaced juxta-epiphyseal fractures of the distal phalanx, with an overlying nail bed laceration that occur in children and adolescents with an open physis. This fracture occurs rarely, but its potential consequences are clinically significant. Due to anatomical particulars and proximity to the growth plate, this open fracture may result in soft tissue infection and osteomyelitis, leading to growth arrest and persistent mallet deformity. At present, there is no consensus as to the optimal management of Seymour fractures. The objective of this study will be to systematically evaluate the existing evidence on the management of Seymour fractures in children and adolescents and to establish what are the most important factors pertaining to an uncomplicated recovery.

Methods
We designed and registered a study protocol for a systematic review of randomised controlled trials and observational studies. A comprehensive literature search will be conducted (from inception to present) in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane Library databases. Grey literature will be identified through searching Open Grey and dissertation databases using an exhaustive search strategy. All clinical studies examining the management of Seymour fractures will be included. The interventions (irrigation and debridement; prophylactic antibiotics) and their timings (early vs late) will be compared to no antibiotics and no debridement. Primary outcome measures will be the incidence of superficial and deep infection. Secondary outcomes will include other adverse events such mal-union, non-union, need for re-operation, physeal disturbance and nail dystrophy/atrophy. Two independent reviewers will screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. Conflicts will be resolved through discussion. The study methodological quality (or bias) will be appraised using an appropriate tool. A narrative synthesis will be performed. If data permits, we will conduct random-effects meta-analysis where appropriate.

Discussion
This review will provide evidence for the management of Seymour fractures, based on a cumulation of existing smaller studies. Due to the rarity of this fracture pattern, included studies are expected to be mainly observational and prone to bias; however, there is value in summarising the evidence to guide clinicians.

Systematic review registration
Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42020153726.
Sustainable land management interventions lead to carbon sequestration in plant biomass and soil in a mixed crop-livestock system: the case of Geda watershed, central highlands of Ethiopia
Authors: Terefe Hailu , Argaw Mekuria , Tamene Lulseged , Mekonnen Kindu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Sustainable land management interventions were introduced in Geda watershed in 2012 to reduce soil erosion, improve water infiltration, and increase plant-carbon inputs into the soil. This study explored the impact of the interventions on biomass production, carbon stock, and carbon sequestration. Stratified sampling was employed in the main and the dry seasons in the treated and untreated sub-watersheds that are found adjacent to each other. Above- and below-ground plant biomass, soil bulk density and organic carbon in 0–15- and 15–30-cm depths, and soil moisture content in 0–20- and 20–40-cm depths were collected from the crop, grazing, and tree lucerne plots. All analyses were performed based on standard procedures.

Results
Plant biomass production, carbon stock, and carbon sequestration varied highly significantly (P ≤ 0.001) among sub-watersheds, landscape positions, and land uses. Higher mean values were observed for treated sub-watershed, lower landscape position, and tree lucerne plot. The higher mean values in the lower landscape position of the treated sub-watershed were due to tree lucerne plantation. Similarly, topsoil (0–15 cm) carbon stock was statistically higher (P ≤ 0.001) in the treated sub-watershed and at tree lucerne plot (P ≤ 0.05). In addition, carbon stock by sub-surface soil (15–30 cm) was significantly higher (P ≤ 0.001) in the treated sub-watershed under crop and grazing lands but the higher value was in cropland and in the upper position. This could be due to the decomposition of organic materials from biomasses of crops and biological supporting measures (tree lucerne and Phalaris) facilitated by tillage. Six years of sustainable land management interventions led to the sequestration of 12.25, 7.77, and 13.5 Mg C ha−1 under cropland, tree lucerne, and grazing plots, respectively.

Conclusion
Sustainable land management interventions revealed auspicious ecological impacts in Geda watershed in terms of improving plant biomass production, carbon stock, and correspondingly capturing higher carbon dioxide equivalent taking untreated sub-watershed as a baseline. Prohibition of free grazing was the key element of the intervention to reduce biomass export and increase carbon sequestration in the treated sub-watershed. Thus, sustaining tree lucerne plants as a conservation measure and the prohibition of free grazing practices are principally essential.