bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In silico identification of vaccine targets for 2019-nCoV
Authors: Hyun-Jung Lee Chloe , Koohy Hashem 
Published: February 2020

Background: The newly identified coronavirus known as 2019-nCoV has posed a serious global health threat. According to the latest report (18-February-2020), it has infected more than 72,000 people globally and led to deaths of more than 1,016 people in China. Methods: The 2019 novel coronavirus proteome was aligned to a curated database of viral immunogenic peptides. The immunogenicity of detected peptides and their binding potential to HLA alleles was predicted by immunogenicity predictive models and NetMHCpan 4.0. Results: We report in silico identification of a comprehensive list of immunogenic peptides that can be used as potential targets for 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) vaccine development. First, we found 28 nCoV peptides identical to Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS CoV) that have previously been characterized immunogenic by T cell assays. Second, we identified 48 nCoV peptides having a high degree of similarity with immunogenic peptides deposited in The Immune Epitope Database (IEDB). Lastly, we conducted a de novo search of 2019-nCoV 9-mer peptides that i) bind to common HLA alleles in Chinese and European population and ii) have T Cell Receptor (TCR) recognition potential by positional weight matrices and a recently developed immunogenicity algorithm, iPred, and identified in total 63 peptides with a high immunogenicity potential. Conclusions: Given the limited time and resources to develop vaccine and treatments for 2019-nCoV, our work provides a shortlist of candidates for experimental validation and thus can accelerate development pipeline.
Contrasting impact of rural, versus urban, living on glucose metabolism and blood pressure in Uganda
Authors: Sanya Richard E. , Andia Biraro Irene , Nampijja Margaret , Zziwa Christopher , Nanyunja Carol , Nsubuga Denis , Kiwanuka Samuel , Tumusiime Josephine , Nassuuna Jacent , Walusimbi Bridgious , Cose Stephen , Ocama Ponsiano , Grencis Richard K. , Elliott Alison M. , Webb Emily L. 
Published: February 2020

Background: The burden of cardiometabolic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa and this has been linked to urbanisation. Helminths, through their immunomodulatory properties, may protect against these disorders. We hypothesised that the rural environment protects against cardiometabolic diseases and that helminths may influence rural-urban disparity of cardiometabolic disease risk. Methods: We compared metabolic parameters of individuals aged ≥10 years living in rural, high-helminth-transmission and urban, lower-helminth-transmission settings in Uganda. Cross-sectional surveys were conducted in rural Lake Victoria island communities and in urban sub-wards in Entebbe municipality. Helminth infection and outcomes, including insulin resistance (computed using the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]), fasting blood glucose, fasting blood lipids, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumference, were assessed. Results: We analysed 1,898 rural and 930 urban participants. Adjusting for BMI, exercise, smoking, alcohol intake, age and sex, urban residents had lower mean fasting glucose (adjusted mean difference [95%CI] -0.13 [-0.24, -0.01] p=0.04) and HOMA-IR (-0.13 [-0.25, -0.01] p=0.04) but higher blood pressure (systolic, 4.64 [3.23, 6.06] p<0.001; diastolic, 1.89 [0.81, 2.97] p=0.001). Current helminth infection did not explain the observed differences. Conclusions: In low-income countries, rural living may protect against hypertension but impair glucose metabolism.
Emotion-focused care requested by hospital patients with dementia via advance care planning
Authors: Petty Stephanie , Coleston Donna Maria , Dening Tom , Griffiths Amanda 
Published: February 2020

Background: This study responds to international pressures to improve hospital care for patients with dementia. Aim: To reach a concise overview of ways to improve the emotional wellbeing of patients with dementia when in hospital by exploring their personal care requests. Methods: Written advance care planning (ACP) documents completed by patients with dementia and their caregivers were retrieved from a UK hospital (n=21) and analysed using descriptive phenomenology. Findings: Care requests showed the changeable and personal nature of emotional distress and gave the responses that patients require from hospital staff. Responses included attending to physical health, offering reassurance, being with the patient, treating the patient as a person and providing a different physical environment. Conclusion: ACP documents offered a structured tool for informing care with succinct, personalised requests of patients with dementia. Patient requests were consistent with extensive literature defining person-centred care. Increased use of ACP in hospitals requires evaluation.
In vivo optoacoustic monitoring of percutaneous laser ablation of tumors in a murine breast cancer model
Authors: Periyasamy Vijitha , Özsoy Çağla , Reiss Michael , Deán-Ben Xosé Luís , Razansky Daniel 
Published: February 2020

Laser ablation (LA) is a promising approach for minimally invasive cancer treatments. Its in vivo applicability is often impeded by the lack of efficient monitoring tools that can help to minimize collateral tissue damage and aid in determining the optimal treatment end-points. We have devised a new, to the best of our knowledge, hybrid LA approach combining simultaneous volumetric optoacoustic (OA) imaging to monitor the lesion progression accurately in real time and 3D. Time-lapse imaging of laser ablation of solid tumors was performed in a murine breast cancer model in vivo by irradiation of subcutaneous tumors with a 100 mJ short-pulsed (

∼

5

n
s

) laser operating at 1064 nm and 100 Hz pulse repetition frequency. Local changes in the OA signal intensity ascribed to structural alterations in the tumor vasculature were clearly observed, while the OA volumetric projections recorded in vivo appeared to correlate with cross sections of the excised tumors.
Wide-band high-resolution synthetic imaging of a segmented large-scaled lightweight diffractive telescope
Authors: Liu Yang , Xie Zongliang , Ma Haotong , Chu Junqiu , Ma Xiafei , Tan Yufeng , Liu Dun , Bian Jiang , Hu Hongyi , Fan Bin , Qi Bo 
Published: February 2020

In this Letter, we report a segmented large-scaled lightweight diffractive telescope testbed newly built in our laboratory. The telescope, consisting of one 710-mm-diameter element in the center surrounded by eight 352-mm-diameter elements and a smaller eyepiece of achromatic lenses, can realize wide-band high-resolution imaging of 0.55–0.65 µm. The stitching errors are coarsely corrected by adjusting the motion stage mounted on each element. In particular, an optical synthesis system inserted behind the eyepiece is designed to compensate the residual tip-tilt-piston errors. We present the experimental imaging result of two stitched elements, which is the first successful experimental verification obtained by a practical segmented diffractive telescope to enhance the resolution. Moreover, spatial modulation diversity technology is used to restore the synthetic image so as to improve its quality and contrast.
Open KMU: Mit Action Design Research und Design Thinking gemeinsam innovieren
Authors: Becker Felix , Meyer Michael , Redlich Beke , Siemon Dominik , Lattemann Christoph 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungOft reichen die finanziellen Ressourcen und Personalkapazitäten bei KMU nicht für ein strukturiertes Innovationsmanagement aus, das mit denen von großen, multinational agierenden Konzernen mithalten kann. Doch ohne eine beständige und strategische Entwicklung von Innovationen wird die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der KMU eingeschränkt und gefährdet so nicht nur ihre eigene Position, sondern können auch zur Innovationsbremse in einer Volkswirtschaft werden. Ein möglicher Ansatz ist die Öffnung der Organisation, damit Wissen und Erkenntnisse unterschiedlichster Perspektiven für die Innovationsentwicklung nutzbar werden. Diese Strategie nennt man Open Innovation (OI).Der folgende Beitrag präsentiert, wie der anwendungsorientierte Forschungsansatz Action-Design-Research (ADR) zielführend Wissenschaftler und Praktiker zusammenbringen kann. Es wird gezeigt, dass durch die Kombination von ADR und dem kreativen Entwicklungsansatz Design Thinking KMU strategisch Innovationen aufbauen und somit ihre Innovationsfähigkeit unter gegebenen Ressourcen steigern können. Dazu werden zunächst die theoretischen Grundlagen von ADR und Design Thinking vorgestellt und anschließend Erfahrungen und Erkenntnisse aus einer 3,5-jährigen Wissenschafts-Praxis-Kollaboration betrachtet. In dem Projekt konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Anwendung von Design Thinking Vorteile birgt, um die Innovationsfähigkeit von KMU zu verbessern.
Challenges and enablers for creative arts practice in care homes
Authors: Evans Simon Chester , Garabedian Claire , Bray Jennifer , Gray Karen 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This article reports on the experiences of artists working in UK care homes across residencies that focused on poetry, dance and drama. Data were collected from reflective diaries and focus group discussions to explore the key challenges when working in settings that can be unfamiliar, complex and disruptive. We also describe a range of strategies that artists developed in response to these challenges (enablers) and how this supported successful delivery of their sessions. We conclude that artists need time and support to understand and adapt to the complexity of care homes, and conclude that ultimately the overarching culture of a care home is the key determinant of how successfully artists can facilitate the engagement of residents with meaningful creative activities. Experience of working with people living with dementia can be particularly valuable, as can knowing how to facilitate participation by residents with a range of sensory, physical and cognitive impairments.
SOCIAL AND LEGAL DISCOURSE OF CHILDREN’S PARTICIPATION IN DECISION-MAKING IN POLAND AND RUSSIA: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: HELAND-KURZAK KRYSTYNA , FILIPOVA ALEXANDRA 
Published: February 2020

This article draws attention to online discourse of children’s participation in decision-making. The participation of children is located in one of the core principles of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). This study examines the right of the child to express his/her opinion and the participation of the child in matters affecting his/her interests. This paper aims to compare Poland and Russia results in the search process in the Google global search engine, level from 2004 to 2019 using Google Trends. We discover that there are connecting discourses among legal policies in Poland and Russia. There are also differences between clusters of arguments about existence of children’s rights in practice.
ice.
Quantum Mechanical Explanation for Dark Energy, Cosmic Coincidence, Flatness, Age, and Size of the Universe
Authors: Dikshit Biswaranjan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOne of the most important problems in astronomy is the cosmological constant problem in which conventional calculation of vacuum energy density using quantum mechanics leads to a value which is ~10123times more than the vacuum energy estimated from astronomical observations of expanding universe. The cosmic coincidence problem questions why matter energy density is of the same order of magnitude as the vacuum energy density at present time. Finally, the mechanism responsible for spatial flatness is not clearly understood. In this paper, by taking the vacuum as a finite and closed quantum oscillator, we solve all of the above-mentioned problems. At first, by using the purely quantum mechanical approach, we predict that the dark energy density isc4/(GR2) = 5.27×10−10J/m3(whereRis radius of 3-sphere of the universe) and matter energy density isc4/(2GR2) = 2.6×10−10J/m3which match well with astronomical observations. We also prove that dark energy has always been ~66.7% and matter energy has been ~33.3% of the total energy and thus solve the cosmic coincidence problem. Next, we show how flatness of space could be maintained since the early stage of the universe. Finally, using our model, we derive the expression for age and radius of the universe which match well with the astronomical data.
Inner For-Loop for Speeding Up Blockchain Mining
Authors: Adewumi Tosin P. , Liwicki Marcus 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the authors propose to increase the efficiency of blockchain mining by using a population-based approach. Blockchain relies on solving difficult mathematical problems as proof-of-work within a network before blocks are added to the chain. Brute force approach, advocated by some as the fastest algorithm for solving partial hash collisions and implemented in Bitcoin blockchain, implies exhaustive, sequential search. It involves incrementing the nonce (number) of the header by one, then taking a double SHA-256 hash at each instance and comparing it with a target value to ascertain if lower than that target. It excessively consumes both time and power. In this paper, the authors, therefore, suggest using an inner for-loop for the population-based approach. Comparison shows that it’s a slightly faster approach than brute force, with an average speed advantage of about 1.67% or 3,420 iterations per second and 73% of the time performing better. Also, we observed that the more the total particles deployed, the better the performance until a pivotal point. Furthermore, a recommendation on taming the excessive use of power by networks, like Bitcoin’s, by using penalty by consensus is suggested.
Linear-quadratic programming and its application to data correction of improper linear programming problems
Authors: Gorelik Victor , Zolotova Tatiana 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe problem of maximizing a linear function with linear and quadratic constraints is considered. The solution of the problem is obtained in a constructive form using the Lagrange function and the optimality conditions. Many optimization problems can be reduced to the problem of this type. In this paper, as an application, we consider an improper linear programming problem formalized in the form of maximization of the initial linear criterion with a restriction to the Euclidean norm of the correction vector of the right-hand side of the constraints or the Frobenius norm of the correction matrix of both sides of the constraints.
Propagating Activity in Neocortex, Mediated by Gap Junctions and Modulated by Extracellular Potassium
Authors: Papasavvas Christoforos A. , Parrish R. Ryley , Trevelyan Andrew J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractParvalbumin-expressing interneurons in cortical networks are coupled by gap junctions, forming a syncytium that supports propagating epileptiform discharges, induced by 4-aminopyridine. It remains unclear, however, whether these propagating events occur under more natural states, without pharmacological blockade. In particular, we investigated whether propagation also happens when extracellular K+rises, as is known to occur following intense network activity, such as during seizures. We examined how increasing [K+]oaffects the likelihood of propagating activity away from a site of focal (200–400 μm) optogenetic activation of parvalbumin-expressing interneurons. Activity was recorded using a linear 16-electrode array placed along layer V of primary visual cortex. At baseline levels of [K+]o(3.5 mm), induced activity was recorded only within the illuminated area. However, when [K+]owas increased above a threshold level (50th percentile = 8.0 mm; interquartile range = 7.5–9.5 mm), time-locked, fast-spiking unit activity, indicative of parvalbumin-expressing interneuron firing, was also recorded outside the illuminated area, propagating at 59.1 mm/s. The propagating unit activity was unaffected by blockade of GABAergic synaptic transmission, but it was modulated by glutamatergic blockers, and was reduced, and in most cases prevented altogether, by pharmacological blockade of gap junctions, achieved by any of the following three different drugs: quinine, mefloquine, or carbenoxolone. Washout of quinine rapidly re-established the pattern of propagating activity. Computer simulations show qualitative differences between propagating discharges in high [K+]oand 4-aminopyridine, arising from differences in the electrotonic effects of these two manipulations. These interneuronal syncytial interactions are likely to affect the complex electrographic dynamics of seizures, once [K+]ois raised above this threshold level.
Doc2 Proteins Are Not Required for the Increased Spontaneous Release Rate in Synaptotagmin-1-Deficient Neurons
Authors: Díez-Arazola Rocío , Meijer Marieke , Bourgeois-Jaarsma Quentin , Cornelisse L. Niels , Verhage Matthijs , Groffen Alexander J. 
Published: February 2020

Regulated secretion is controlled by Ca2+sensors with different affinities and subcellular distributions. Inactivation ofSyt1(synaptotagmin-1), the main Ca2+sensor for synchronous neurotransmission in many neurons, enhances asynchronous and spontaneous release rates, suggesting that Syt1 inhibits other sensors with higher Ca2+affinities and/or lower cooperativities. Such sensors could include Doc2a and Doc2b, which have been implicated in spontaneous and asynchronous neurotransmitter release and compete with Syt1 for binding SNARE complexes. Here, we tested this hypothesis using triple-knock-out mice. Inactivation of Doc2a and Doc2b in Syt1-deficient neurons did not reduce the high spontaneous release rate. Overexpression of Doc2b variants in triple-knock-out neurons reduced spontaneous release but did not rescue synchronous release. A chimeric construct in which the C2AB domain of Syt1 was substituted by that of Doc2b did not support synchronous release either. Conversely, the soluble C2AB domain of Syt1 did not affect spontaneous release. We conclude that the high spontaneous release rate in synaptotagmin-deficient neurons does not involve the binding of Doc2 proteins to Syt1 binding sites in the SNARE complex. Instead, our results suggest that the C2AB domains of Syt1 and Doc2b specifically support synchronous and spontaneous release by separate mechanisms. (Both male and female neurons were studied without sex determination.)SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeurotransmission in the brain is regulated by presynaptic Ca2+concentrations. Multiple Ca2+sensor proteins contribute to synchronous (Syt1, Syt2), asynchronous (Syt7), and spontaneous (Doc2a/Doc2b) phases of neurotransmitter release. Genetic ablation of synchronous release was previously shown to affect other release phases, suggesting that multiple sensors may compete for similar release sites, together encoding stimulus–secretion coupling over a large range of synaptic Ca2+concentrations. Here, we investigated the extent of functional overlap between Syt1, Doc2a, and Doc2b by reintroducing wild-type and mutant proteins in triple-knock-out neurons, and conclude that the sensors are highly specialized for different phases of release.
Офіційні веб-сайти університетів: пошук балансу між суспільними і приватними цілями
Authors: Bakhmetieva A. 
Published: February 2020

Дану розвідку присвячено вивченню практик вітчизняних закладів вищої освіти (ЗВО) у представленні на веб-сайтах основних інформаційних блоків, що формують загальне уявлення про виш, його історію, місію, цінності та презентують освітні, наукові та інші можливості для майбутнього студента. Констатуючи виключну залежність фінансової стабільності українських університетів від обсягів набору студентів, у цьому дослідженні доведено, що вербальний та візуальний контент сайтів не акцентує увагу на основних мотиваторах для вступників, на яких наголошують соціологічні дослідження. Незважаючи на прагматизм сучасної молоді та домінування утилітарних запитів від суспільства щодо кінцевих результатів вищої освіти, згідно з соціологічними опитуваннями, зберігається й попит на гарну репутацію і престиж ЗВО, його високий рейтинг. У ході дослідження визначено, наскільки корелюються основні вітчизняні рейтинги університетів із результатами вибору абітурієнтів (зібрані дані за 2018 р.).Зіставлення даних Google Аналітики університетських веб-сайтів та статистики офіційних акаунтів у соціальних мережах протягом абітурієнтської кампанії свідчить, що саме сайти є основним джерелом інформації для вступників при виборі пріоритетного фаху та університету. Емпіричний матеріал для аналізу контенту збирався на офіційних веб-сайтах десяти найпопулярніших у вступників ЗВО України. Проаналізовано інформаційні блоки, які представляють історію, об’єктивні характеристики університетів, місію, рейтинги, кар’єрні можливості, особистісний розвиток і самореалізацію. Також розглянуто приклади візуалізації інформації на сайтах, здебільшого фотографії, в тому числі й панорамні. Для кожного інформаційного блоку запропоновано такі способи подання контенту, які зроблять його цікавим і легким для сприйняття молодою людиною, підсилять мотиваційні акценти, дозволять майбутньому студентові побачити себе в центрі освітнього простору.
Representaciones sociales de la autonomía profesional de los (as) enfermeros (as) en el quirófano
Authors: Milosky Jeniffer Pereira , Silva Aline Cerqueira Santos Santana , Gomes Antônio Marcos Tosoli , Góes Fernanda Garcia Bezerra , Knupp Virgínia Maria de Azevedo Oliveira , Silva Maria Virgínia Godoy 
Published: February 2020

Introducción: La autonomía profesional en enfermería se presenta como un tema complejo y de poca visibilidad, especialmente en sectores que demandan acciones de gran complejidad como en el quirófano. Objetivo: Analizar las representaciones sociales elaboradas por las enfermeras sobre su autonomía profesional en el quirófano. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y exploratorio de enfoque cualitativo, desarrollado con el apoyo teórico de la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales. Nueve enfermeros que trabajan en la sala de operaciones de un hospital universitario en el estado de Río de Janeiro participaron en el estudio. La recopilación de datos tuvo lugar entre junio y octubre de 2017 a través de una entrevista semiestructurada. Los datos fueron sometidos a análisis temáticos. Resultados: Del análisis de datos surgieron las siguientes categorías: la autonomía profesional de la enfermera del quirófano: conocimiento, libertad de acción y poder de decisión; los límites para la autonomía profesional de la enfermera en sala de cirugía: relaciones jerárquicas y de poder, y conocimiento. Discusión: La autonomía profesional de las enfermeras en el quirófano es un objeto de representación con diferentes dimensiones, una cognitiva y una práctica, la primera de las cuales se basa esencialmente en el conocimiento técnico-científico, y la segunda en la libertad de acción y el poder de decisión necesario para el pleno ejercicio de autonomía. Conclusiones: La autonomía profesional de las enfermeras es un objeto de representación social, ya que es un cuerpo generador de conocimiento, saberes, reflexión e identidad profesional capaz de despertar actitudes y prácticas.
Como citar este artigo: Milosky JP, Silva ACSS, Gomes AMT, Góes FGB, Knupp VMAO, Silva MVG. Representações sociais da autonomia profissional do enfermeiro no centro cirúrgico. Rev Cuid. 2020; 11(1): e849. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.849