bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adding Ursodeoxycholic Acid to the Endoscopic Treatment and Common Bile Duct Stenting for Large and Multiple Biliary Stones: Will it Improve the Outcomes?
Authors: Hormati Ahmad , Ghadir Mohammad Reza , Sarkeshikian Seyed Saeed , Alemi Faezeh , Moghaddam Majid , Ahmadpour Sajjad , Mohammadbeigi Abolfazl , Sivandzadeh Gholam Reza 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background and Objectives: The role of common bile duct (CBD) stenting in the establishment of bile stream in the elderly patients and the ones who are not good candidates for surgery due to not responding to treatments was well documented in previous studies. The current study aimed at investigating the effect of adding Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) to CBD stenting alone in order to reduce the size or number of large and multiple CBD stones.Materials and Methods: Clinical outcomes including success rates in CBD stones clearance, incidence of pancreatitis, perforation, bleeding, as well as, decrease in size and number of stones and liver enzymes after a two-month period were assessed in the UDCA + CBD stenting group.Results: A total of 64 patients referring to Shahid Beheshti University Hospital in Qom, Iran with multiple or large CBD stones (above three or larger than 15 mm) received standard endoscopic therapies and UCDA + CBD stenting (group A) and controls only received standard endoscopic therapies + CBD stenting (group B). The mean reduction in the size of stones in group A was significantly higher than that of group B (3.22 ± 1.31 vs 4.09 ± 1.87 mm) (p =0.034). There was no difference in the incidence rate of complications including pancreatitis, cholangitis, bleeding, and perforation between the two groups (P >0.05).Conclusion: Adding UDCA to CBD stenting, due to decrease in the stone size and subsequently facilitation of the stones outlet, can be considered as the first-line treatment for patients with large and multiple CBD stones. Also, in the cases with large or multi stones may be effective in reducing size and subsequently stone retrieval. Trial registration number:The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Qom University of Medical Sciences (ethical code: IR.MUQ.REC.1397.075); the study was also registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (No. IRCT20161205031252N8). This study adheres to CONSORT guidelines.
Over 65% sunlight absorption in a 1 μm Si slab with hyperuniform texture
Authors: Tavakoli Nasim , Spalding Richard , Koppejan Pepijn , Gkantzounis Georgio , Wang Chenglong , Röhrich Ruslan , Kontoleta Evgenia , Koenderink A. Femius , Sapienza Riccardo , Florescu Marian , Alarcon-Llado Esther 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Thin, flexible and invisible solar cells will be an ubiquitous technology in the near future. Ultrathin crystalline silicon (c-Si) cells capitalise on the success of bulk silicon cells while being light-weight and mechanically flexible, but suffer from poor absorption and efficiency. Here we present a new family of surface texturing, based on correlated disordered hyperuniform patterns, capable of efficiently coupling the incident spectrum into the silicon slab optical modes. We experimentally demonstrate 66.5% solar light absorption in free-standing 1 µm c-Si layers by hyperuniform nanostructuring. The absorption equivalent photocurrent derived from our measurements is 26.3 mA/cm2, which is far above the highest found in literature for Si of similar thickness. Considering state-of-the-art Si PV technologies, the enhanced light trapping translates to a record efficiency above 15%. The light absorption can potentially be increased up to 33.8 mA/cm2 by incorporating a back-reflector and improved anti-reflection, for which we estimate a photovoltaic efficiency above 21% for 1 µm thick Si cells.
Efficacy and safety of Misoprostol vaginal insert to induce labor beyond 40 + 0 weeks of gestation
Authors: Krause Catharina , Rudlowski Christian , Erices-Leclercq Melanie , Tenckhoff David , Lubig Sabine 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
IntroductionOne of the most common reasons for inducing labor are pregnancies beyond 40 + 0 weeks. Prostaglandins have been proven to induce labor whilst not increasing the rate of caesarean delivery. As a vaginal insert Misoprostol was available in Germany from 2014 to 2019. Studies show that Misoprostol vaginal insert (MVI) reduces induction to delivery time as well as active labor time. But it is also known to increase uterine tachysystole. This study aimed to clarify whether MVI is safe and efficient for women with pregnancies past 40 + 0 to 42 + 0 weeks since there is a lack of studies focussing on this particular group of women.MethodsThis single centre prospective cohort study was performed between December 2014 and September 2019 at a tertiary academic centre at the Presbyterian Hospital Bergisch Gladbach, Germany. A total of 304 women between 40 + 0 to 42 + 0 weeks of gestation have been induced to labor with MVI. MVI was placed in the posterior vaginal fornix to release to release 200 μg synthetic prostaglandin E1 in a controlled manner. Time from insertion of MVI to delivery was documented for each patient. In addition, we recorded all kinds of intervention, CTG alterations and fetal outcome. We recorded mode of delivery, the need of epidural anaesthesia as well as the rate of tocolysis to treat signs of fetal distress due to pathological heart rates. And thirdly we had an interest in fetal outcome reflected by cord blood pH-levels or admission to a neonatal clinic.Results75.7 % (n = 230) of women gave birth within 24 hours which means time from insertion to delivery. After MVI insertion 72.2 % (n = 140) nulliparous women and 81.8 % (n = 90) multiparous women gave birth within 24 hours. Subgroup analyses revealed that within 24 hours after removal of MVI 259 women out of 304 (85.2 %) delivered their babies. 67.8 % (n = 206) of women induced with MVI delivered vaginal. ConclusionMVI is an efficient and safe method to induce labor for women with pregnancies beyond 40 + 0 weeks. ISRCTN No. 14702259 date of registration: 21.08.2020URL: http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN14702259
Unexpected changes in learned task contingencies trigger sharp wave ripples in the primate hippocampus during virtual navigation
Authors: McIntosh Mary , Corrigan Benjamin , Gulli Roberto , Doucet Guillaume , Martinez-Trujillo Julio , Levy Ron 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The hippocampi and mesial temporal lobes play a central role in episodic memory and associative learning. It is unclear how unexpected experience influences learning. Hippocampal sharp wave ripples (SWR) are an electrical biomarker of memory consolidation. We tracked when and where SWR occur during 2 tasks. Local field potentials were recorded in the hippocampi, entorhinal cortices and amygdalae of non-human primates (NHP; n=3) performing reversal and associative learning tasks in a 3D virtual environment. Our results show hippocampal SWR occurred when learned task contingencies were unexpectedly altered. Surprise rewards and reward denial were associated with SWR rates 9.8x and 8.0x greater than expected rewards. The highest density of SWR occurred in zones where errors were made. SWR were preceded by event-related potentials in the amygdala but not entorhinal cortex. Our results suggest that SWR generation in primates may prioritize behaviourally relevant experience for commitment to memory to allow flexible learning.
Exploring the breastfeeding knowledge level of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and its influencing factors
Authors: Wang Yan , You Hua-xuan , Luo Bi-ru 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Studies revealed that promoting the breastfeeding knowledge level help to improve breastfeeding behaviors. Promoting breastfeeding knowledge was a simple and economical way to increase breastfeeding rates. However, there were no studies focus on the level of breastfeeding knowledge and its influencing factors in GDM women. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the breastfeeding knowledge level of GDM pregnant women and explore its influence factors.
Methods
Cross-sectional survey and convenience sampling was conducted in this study. The sociodemographic characteristics, caregivers in pregnancy, knowledge source, breastfeeding status and breast status information of participants were collected. Breastfeeding Knowledge Scale was used to assess the breastfeeding knowledge level of pregnant women with GDM. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influence factors of breastfeeding knowledge level in this study.
Results
A total of 226 questionnaires were issued and finally 212 valid questionnaires were collected. Some misconceptions still existed (e.g. ’breastfeeding cannot prevent your baby from being overweight’ and ‘it is advisable to breastfeed 3–4 times per day within 2–3 days after delivery’), although women with GDM had a good score of breastfeeding knowledge (mean score: 103.5 ± 10.4). Multiple linear regression analysis found that gestational age, family per capita monthly income, educational level, knowledge source were the independent protective factors for breastfeeding knowledge and minority nationality was the independent risk factor. The educational level had the greatest influence on the breastfeeding knowledge level of GDM pregnant women (β = 0.210, t = 2.978, P = 0.003).
Conclusion
GDM pregnant women with insufficient gestational age, low educational level, low family per capita monthly income and single access to knowledge should be included in the focus of health education on breastfeeding. In-depth and systematic health education should be conducted for pregnant women with GDM to improve their breastfeeding rate.
Serum lnc34a&nbsp;is a Potential Prediction Biomarker for Bone Metastasis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Zhang Li , Niu Hao , Yang Ping , Ma Jie , Yuan Bao-Ying , Zeng Zhao-Chong , Xiang Zuo-Lin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundEarly screening and intervention therapies are crucial to improve the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with bone metastasis. We aimed to identify serum lncRNA as a prediction biomarker in HCC bone metastasis.MethodsThe expression levels of lnc34a in serum samples from 157 HCC patients were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were performed to determine statistically significant variables.ResultsExpression levels of lnc34a in serum from HCC patients with bone metastasis were significantly higher than those without bone metastasis. And high expression of lnc34a, vascular invasion and BCLC stage were associated with bone metastasis by analysis. Moreover, lnc34a expression was specifically associated with bone metastasis rather than lung or lymph node metastasis in HCC.Conclusions﻿High serum lnc34a expression was a independent risk factor for developing bone metastasis in HCC.
A Modified Lung Ultrasound Score for Assessing Oxygenation Status and Predicting the Need for Invasive Ventilation in Preterm Neonates with RDS
Authors: Szymański Piotr , Kruczek Piotr , Hożejowski Roman , Wais Piotr 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
PurposeWe propose a modified lung ultrasound score (LUS) in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), which includes posterior instead of lateral lung fields, and a 5-grade rating scale instead of a 4-grade rating scale. The LUS was evaluated for validity, interrater agreement and prognostic power in relation to the need for respiratory support on day of life (DOL) 3. The hypothesis of the dominant weight of posterior scans in the LUS was also verified.Materials and methodsA total of 647 serial lung scans were performed in 70 preterm infants <32 weeks gestation and birth weight <1500 g. Assessments were performed within 24 hours of birth (LUS0) and on days 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28. LUS was correlated to oxygen saturation over fraction of inspired oxygen (SpO2/FiO2) and mode of respiratory support. Probabilities of the need for respiratory support on DOL 3 were assessed with ordinal logistic regression.ResultsThe LUS correlated significantly with SpO2/FiO2 (Spearman rho = -0.635; p<0.0001) and had excellent interrater agreement (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.99). Posterior fields had dominant weight over the anterior fields (ls mean [confidence level]) 4.0 [3.8–4.1] vs 2.2 [2.0–2.4]; p<0.0001. Significant predictors of ventilation requirements on DOL 3 were LUS0 (p<0.016) and birth weight (BW) (p<0.0001); invasive ventilation was the most likely option with LUS0 ≥7 (BW 900 g), ≥10 (BW 1050 g) and ≥15 (BW 1280 g).Conclusion﻿Postbirth LUS predicts the need for mechanical ventilation on DOL 3. Posterior fields play a dominant role in sonographic assessment of lungs in neonatal RDS.
Clinical Aspects for Recognitions of Kawasaki Disease Shock Syndrome in The COVID-19 Pandemic Era: A Case Control Study
Authors: Park Woo Young , Lee Sang-Yun , Kim Gi Beom , Song Mi Kyoung , Kwon Hye Won , Bae Eun Jung , Choi Eunhwa , Park June Dong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, there have been reports of sudden increase of multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) that shares clinical features with Kawasaki disease (KD). Recognition of sudden increase of severe Kawasaki-like disease is alarming the differential diagnosis of KD, Kawasaki disease shock syndrome (KDSS), septic shock, and toxic shock syndrome (TSS). To help clinicians distinguish KD, KDSS, septic shock, and TSS earlier, we suggest differential diagnosis and treatment guideline.Methods Medical records of immunocompetent patients who were admitted to the pediatric department with a diagnosis of KDSS, septic shock or TSS (SS group) were retrospectively reviewed. In addition, KD patients were selected by seasonal matching to each case of KDSS patient by date of admission (± 2 weeks).Results There were 13 patients with KDSS, 35 patients with SS group, and 93 patients with KD. In comparison between KDSS and septic shock group, KDSS group had significantly higher rate of higher incidence of coronary aneurysm, and higher left ventricle dysfunction rate. In comparison between KDSS and TSS, patients with KDSS had a significantly higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and significantly lower Creatinine. Receiver operation characteristic curve revealed that the optimal ESR cut off value for determining the KDSS was 56.0 (sensitivity 75.0%, specificity of 100.0%) and the optimal Creatinine cut off value for determining the TSS was 0.695 (sensitivity 76.9%, specificity 84.6%)Conclusions Clinical symptoms, laboratory finding, echocardiography, and culture studies can be used to differentiate KD, KDSS, septic shock, TSS and MIS-C.
Fermi Blockade of the Electron-phonon Interaction: Why Strong Coupling Effects May Not Be Seen in Optimally Doped High Temperature Superconductors
Authors: Mishchenko Andrey , Nagaosa Naoto , Prokof'ev Nikolay 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We study how manifestations of strong electron-phonon interaction (EPI) depend on the carrier concentration by solving the two-dimensional Holstein model for the spin-polarized fermions using an approximation free bold-line diagrammatic Monte Carlo (BDMC) method. We show that the strong EPI, obviously present at very small Fermion concentration, is masked by the Fermi blockade effects and Migdal's theorem to the extent that it manifests itself as moderate one at large carriers densities. Suppression of strong EPI fingerprints is in agreement with experimental observations in doped high temperature superconductors.
Exploring Entrepreneurial Culture and Its Socio-Cultural Determinants: In Case of Woldia University Graduating Students
Authors: Engidaw Abriham Ebabu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was exploring entrepreneurial culture and its determinants: in the case area’s University graduating students. To achieve its objectives, the study employed a descriptive and explanatory research design and in the study cross-sectional study was conducted through mixed research method. The target population of the study was 223 first degree regular 2018 University graduating students of management department and their instructors in the study area. And sample size was 143 respondents. The study result showed that majority of respondents did not plan to start their own knowledge based business. This was essentially due to lack of competence in transforming ideas in to practice and commercializing it to create their own business. Correspondingly, prodigious attention should be given to have an entrepreneurial orientation in the contents and methods of teaching at all levels of education systems primary, secondary and higher educational institutions and use different awareness raising mechanisms.
Organic Complementary Inverters Based on Vertical-Channel Dual-Base Thin-Film Transistors with Time Constants &lt; 10ns
Authors: Wu Zhongbin , Guo Erjuan , Xing Shen , Dollinger Felix , Hübner René , Wang Shu-Jen , Leo Karl , Kleemann Hans 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Lateral-channel dual-gate organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) are utilized in organic pseudo-CMOS inverters to realize switching voltage control. However, the relatively long channel length will slow the inverter operation. Vertical-channel dual-gate OTFTs are an attractive alternative due to the short channel length. In this work, controllable and reliable complementary inverters are presented using vertical n-channel organic permeable dual-base transistors (OPDBTs) and vertical p-channel organic permeable base transistors (OPBTs). With operating voltages < 2.0 V, the threshold voltages of the n-type OPDBTs are changed across a wide range from 0.12 to 0.82 V by varying the voltage of the additional base. The fabricated tunable organic complementary inverter features switching voltage shift and gain enhancement. In addition, the inverters show very small switching time constants (< 10 ns) at 10 MHz. Our work represents a significant step towards the application of vertical dual-gate/base transistors in power-efficient organic complementary inverters, offering the capability to easily tune the switching voltage of organic complementary inverters. This facilitates the development of high-performance and complex organic digital integrated circuits.
Phosphorous and Nitrogen Dual-Doped Carbon as a Highly Efficient Electrocatalyst for Sodium-Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Guo Haipeng , Zheng Zhi , Shu Chaozhu , Hu Zhe , Gebert Florian , Gu Qinfen , Konstantinov Konstantin , Chou Shulei , Liu Huakun , Wang Jiazhao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Sodium-oxygen batteries have been regarded as promising energy storage devices due to their low overpotential and high energy density. Its applications, however, still face formidable challenges due to the lack of understanding about the influence of electrocatalysts on discharge products. Here, a phosphorous and nitrogen dual-doped carbon (PNDC) based cathode is synthesized to increase the electrocatalytic activity and to stabilize the NaO2 nanoparticle discharge products, leading to enhanced cycling stability when compared with the nitrogen-doped carbon (NDC). The PNDC air cathode exhibits a quite low overpotential (0.36 V) and long cycling stability for 120 cycles. The reversible formation/decomposition and stabilize ability of NaO2 discharge products are clearly proven by in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction and ex-situ X-ray diffraction. Based on the density functional theory calculation, the PNDC has much stronger adsorption energy (-2.85 eV) for NaO2 than that of NDC (-1.80 eV), which could efficiently stabilize the NaO2 discharge products.
HIV&nbsp;Prevalence and Sexual Behaviour Risk Among Male Regular Partners of Female Sex Workers. A Mixed- Methods Study at a Peri-urban Clinic in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Namale Gertrude , Kamacooko Onesmus , Kawuma Rachel , Bagiire Daniel , Mayanja Yunia , Ssali Agnes , Kiwanuka Thadeus , Mbonye Martin , Seeley Janet 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: In Uganda, female sex workers (FSWs) and their male partners are estimated to contribute 16% to new HIV infections. We assessed HIV prevalence and associated sexual behaviour risk among male regular partners of FSWs attending a peri-urban clinic in Kampala, Uganda.Methods: Between June 2012 - June 2017, we conducted a mixed methods cross-sectional study among male regular partners (aged ≥18 years old) of FSWs. The men were enrolled through FSWs attending a routine three monthly visit at a research clinic. Eligible and interested men were consented and counselled for parallel rapid HIV testing (Determine, Statpak, Unigold) on a serum sample. HIV-positive men were assessed and enrolled into HIV care and 3 monthly follow up. Data on socio-demographic, sexual behaviour (sexual relationships, condom and alcohol use), and clinical characteristics were collected. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with HIV sero-positivity. In-depth interviews were conducted to elicit information on participants’ knowledge of HIV and its prevention as well as sexual risk practices. Qualitative data was analysed using NVIVO 12.0 following thematic approach.Results: One hundred and sixty-two men were included in the analysis; mean age was 35 years old (SD± 8.43). The overall HIV sero-positivity was 65/162 (40%), of these 57/65 (88%) men were initiated on ART from the clinic. Ninety percent had no signs of sexually transmitted infections (STI), 119/162 (73%) reported not using a condom during last sexual intercourse. At adjusted analysis, HIV sero-positivity was less likely among men with no STI (aOR= 0.21; 95% CI: 0.06-0.70) and using a condom during last sexual intercourse (aOR = 0.39 (95% CI: 0.18-0.85). HIV sero-positivity was more likely among uncircumcised men (aOR=3.10; 95%CI: 1.49-6.45), those with multiple sexual relationships (two or more sexual partners] (aOR= 3.45; 95% CI: 1.59-7.51). Qualitative findings highlight that most participants were not consistently using condoms with FSWs; the main reason given was that they “trusted” their steady FSWs.Conclusions: HIV prevalence among male regular partners was associated with high risk sexual behaviour. Interventions targeting FSWs should be extended to their male regular partners, to enable their access to HIV care and support.