bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Molecular Cloud Lifecycle
Authors: Chevance Mélanie , Kruijssen J. M. Diederik , Vazquez-Semadeni Enrique , Nakamura Fumitaka , Klessen Ralf , Ballesteros-Paredes Javier , Inutsuka Shu-ichiro , Adamo Angela , Hennebelle Patrick 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGiant molecular clouds (GMCs) and their stellar offspring are the building blocks of galaxies. The physical characteristics of GMCs and their evolution are tightly connected to galaxy evolution. The macroscopic properties of the interstellar medium propagate into the properties of GMCs condensing out of it, with correlations between e.g. the galactic and GMC scale gas pressures, surface densities and volume densities. That way, the galactic environment sets the initial conditions for star formation within GMCs. After the onset of massive star formation, stellar feedback from e.g. photoionisation, stellar winds, and supernovae eventually contributes to dispersing the parent cloud, depositing energy, momentum and metals into the surrounding medium, thereby changing the properties of galaxies. This cycling of matter between gas and stars, governed by star formation and feedback, is therefore a major driver of galaxy evolution. Much of the recent debate has focused on the durations of the various evolutionary phases that constitute this cycle in galaxies, and what these can teach us about the physical mechanisms driving the cycle. We review results from observational, theoretical, and numerical work to build a dynamical picture of the evolutionary lifecycle of GMC evolution, star formation, and feedback in galaxies.
Plattform-Regulierung. Koordination von Märkten und Kuratierung von Sozialität im Internet
Authors: Dolata Ulrich 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDie führenden Internetkonzerne sind mit ihren weitläufig vernetzten Plattformen im Laufe der 2010er-Jahre zu den entscheidenden Akteuren der Gestaltung und regulativen Einfassung des Internets geworden. Der Aufsatz geht der Frage nach, über welche Ansatzpunkte und Mechanismen sie ihre Rolle als strukturbildende, regelsetzende und handlungskoordinierende Kernakteure im heutigen Web ausfüllen. Im Zentrum stehen dabei zwei wesentliche Regelungsbereiche: zum einen die privatwirtschaftliche Organisierung und Regulierung von Märkten, auf denen sie als Plattformbetreiber selbst die Marktprozesse koordinieren und die Wettbewerbsbedingungen festlegen, und zum anderen die technisch vermittelte Strukturierung und Kuratierung sozialer Verhältnisse und sozialen Verhaltens, durch die die Plattformbetreiber sehr weitreichende soziale Ordnungs- und Regulierungsfunktionen übernehmen und die institutionellen Grundlagen für eine privatwirtschaftlich verfasste Gesellschaftlichkeit im Web schaffen. Die wenigen großen Plattformen, die heute weite Teile des privaten und öffentlichen Lebens im Internet ermöglichen und prägen, lassen sich – so die These des Aufsatzes – als ausdifferenzierte gesellschaftliche Strukturen mit distinkter institutioneller Basis fassen, die die Plattformbetreiber über eigene Regeln, Regulierungen und Koordinationsgremien maßgeblich prägen und kontrollieren. Dies reicht bis hin zur Übernahme bislang staatlichen Instanzen vorbehaltener quasi-hoheitlicher Aufgaben durch die Unternehmen, die sich demokratischer Legitimation und Kontrolle weitgehend entziehen können.
Experimental study on the particle flow patterns in a cyclone dipleg with a trickle valve
Authors: Yan Chao-Yu , Sun Guo-Gang , Chen Jian-Yi , Wei Yao-Dong , Lu Chun-Xi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAn experimental apparatus including a dipleg and a trickle valve was established to simulate the operation of a suspended dipleg-trickle valve system of cyclone used in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit. The flow regimes in the dipleg and the discharge modes in the trickle valve were studied by combining the observation of experimental phenomena with the analysis of transient pressure fluctuation. The results show that the flow regimes in the dipleg have two types—the dilute–dense phase coexisting falling flow and the dilute falling flow. Correspondingly, the trickle valve also has two discharge modes—the intermittent periodic dumping discharge and the continuous trickling discharge. The power spectrum density of pressure fluctuation displays that the gas–solids flow in the dipleg-trickle valve system is characterized by a low-frequency pulsation. The coherence coefficient explains the origin and propagation of pressure fluctuation in the system. Eventually, a map describing the flow regimes and discharge modes related to the operation parameters was proposed, which can provide a helpful guidance for the operation of cyclone dipleg-trickle valve system in FCC unit.
Hydrogeochemical assessment of groundwater quality for few habitations of Chandel District, Manipur (India)
Authors: Alam Wazir , Singh K. Sonamani , Gyanendra Yumnam , Laishram Ranu J. , Nesa Nashimun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA preliminary hydrogeochemical investigation of groundwater quality for spatially distributed habitations of Chandel district of Manipur was carried out with an objective to assess the suitability of groundwater for different anthropogenic uses. Altogether, eighteen (18) physico-chemical parameters including in situ parameters and major ions were analysed for classification and hydrogeochemical characterisation of groundwater resources of the study area. Some of the anions such as Cl− and SO42− were found in exceeding concentrations. Similarly, 23.1% samples exceed fluoride (F−) concentration beyond the permissible limit of 1.5 mg/l. The water quality index of the groundwater samples of the habitations was found to be influenced by the elevated concentrations of water quality parameters such as F−, EC, TDS, salinity, Cl− and SO42−. The geochemical analysis reveals that the majority of geochemical facies of the groundwater samples are dominated by Na+–Ca2+–Mg2+–Cl−–HCO3−–SO42− type of water resulting from rock-weathering geochemical process. Bivariate and multivariate analysis indicates the influences of hydrogeochemical interactions in the aquifer on the overall water quality. The irrigational water quality indices demonstrate that the water qualities of most of the sources are within the acceptable range except for few samples with high salinity and alkali hazards.
The role of sarcopenia questionnaires in hospitalized patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Zhao Wenxue , Lu Miao , Wang Xiangming , Guo Yan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the diagnostic value of the SARC-F, MRSA-7 and MRSA-5 questionnaires in screening for sarcopenia in inpatients with chronic heart failure (CHF).PatientsA total of 355 CHF patients hospitalized from January 2019 to August 2019 who met the study’s selection criteria were included in the analysis.MeasurementsHandgrip strength and gait speed were measured, and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was used to estimate appendicular skeletal muscle mass. The sensitivity/specificity of the SARC-F, MRSA-7 and MRSA-5 questionnaires was evaluated.ResultsThe diagnostic criteria of the Asia Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) were used as the gold standard for diagnosing sarcopenia. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 55.8% according to the AWGS diagnostic criteria, 31.0% according to the SARC-F, 73.0% according to the MRSA-7, and 71.3% according to the MRSA-5. Using the AWGS criteria as the gold standard, the SARC-F had a sensitivity of 52.5% and a specificity of 96.2% in the whole study population, the MRSA-7 had a sensitivity of 92.4% and a specificity of 51.6%, and the MRSA-5 had a sensitivity of 93.9% and a specificity of 57.3%. The areas under the ROC curves for the SARC-F, MRSA-7 and MRSA-5 were 0.78, 0.74 and 0.77, respectively.ConclusionsThe MSRA-7 and MSRA-5 may serve as novel screening tools for sarcopenia in hospitalized patients with CHF. The SARC-F, a classic screening tool, is also suitable for this population. The MSRA-7 and MSRA-5 have better sensitivity, whereas the SARC-F has better specificity.
A Comparison of Tact Training and Bidirectional Intraverbal Training in Teaching a Foreign Language: A Refined Replication
Authors: Daly Damien , Dounavi Katerina 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe present study aimed to replicate the findings of Dounavi (Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis,47(1), 165–170 2014) by evaluating the effects of foreign tact and bidirectional intraverbal training on emergent verbal relations. Training involved teaching three English-speaking adults to tact visual stimuli according to their foreign (French) referents, and to vocally emit the reverse relation following the presentation of written words in native-to-foreign (English-to-French) and foreign-to-native (French-to-English) intraverbal relations. A modified multiple probe design using pre- and posttraining probes was used to assess the efficacy of each training method in teaching a small foreign language vocabulary and to probe for emergent relations following training. The findings showed that foreign tact and native-to-foreign intraverbal training was more efficient and resulted in greater emergent responding than training in the foreign-to-native relation. Follow-up probes were conducted 4 weeks after the posttraining probes to evaluate the levels of responding for each of the trained and emergent relations. Results from maintenance probes were varied across the trained and emergent relations; it is interesting that the levels of responding in the emergent relations was greater.
Environment-Stable CoxNiy Encapsulation in Stacked Porous Carbon Nanosheets for Enhanced Microwave Absorption
Authors: Liang Xiaohui , Man Zengming , Quan Bin , Zheng Jing , Gu Weihua , Zhang Zhu , Ji Guangbin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMagnetic/dielectric@porous carbon composites, derived from metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with adjustable composition ratio, have attracted wide attention due to their unique magnetoelectric properties. In addition, MOFs-derived porous carbon-based materials can meet the needs of lightweight feature. This paper reports a simple process for synthesizing stacked CoxNiy@C nanosheets derived from CoxNiy-MOFs nanosheets with multiple interfaces, which is good to the microwave response. The CoxNiy@C with controllable composition can be obtained by adjusting the ratio of Co2+ and Ni2+. It is supposed that the increased Co content is benefit to the dielectric and magnetic loss. Additionally, the bandwidth of CoNi@C nanosheets can take up almost the whole Ku band. Moreover, this composite has better environmental stability in air, which characteristic provides a sustainable potential for the practical application.
Schilddrüse und Schwangerschaft: Schein und Sein
Authors: Promintzer-Schifferl Miriam , Krebs Michael 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungPotentielle Funktionsstörungen der Schilddrüse treten bei bis zu 15 % aller Schwangeren auf und gehören damit zu den häufigsten Fragestellungen, mit denen ÄrztInnen im Rahmen der Betreuung von Frauen mit Kinderwunsch/Schwangerschaft in der klinischen Praxis konfrontiert sind. Die Grundzüge der neuen Empfehlungen der Fachgesellschaften und eine Auswahl der aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Literatur sollen hier diskutiert werden, um dem klinisch tätigen Arzt einen Überblick über neue Entwicklungen zu geben.
The concept of EmPatGen (Emotional Pattern Generator)
Authors: Trautmann Laura , Piros Attila 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNowadays, the aesthetic appearance of a product becomes more and more important in several industries. Psychologic studies and researches highlighted that beside the functionality of a product, aesthetic appearance is one of the key factors of the decision-making process before buying a product. The geometric properties—such as basic geometries and lines—of patterns that are simple structures, usually consist of replication of simple elements or their mathematically described modifications. These are all in connection with human emotions. A software called EmPatGen (Emotional Pattern Generator) has been developed that creates patterns automatically based on user preferences. The focus of this research is to support the work of product designers in the automotive industry. With the aid of this program, they are able to design the most aesthetically pleasing car interiors and fulfill specific customer requirements in a much easier manner. This study focuses on the connections of basic geometries and lines created with the introduction of a novel pattern generator program and mathematical model which is based on fuzzy logic.
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy—part 2: focus on the prevention of oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity
Authors: Sałat Kinga 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is regarded as one of the most common dose-limiting adverse effects of several chemotherapeutic agents, such as platinum derivatives (oxaliplatin and cisplatin), taxanes, vinca alkaloids and bortezomib. CIPN affects more than 60% of patients receiving anticancer therapy and although it is a nonfatal condition, it significantly worsens patients’ quality of life. The number of analgesic drugs used to relieve pain symptoms in CIPN is very limited and their efficacy in CIPN is significantly lower than that observed in other neuropathic pain types. Importantly, there are currently no recommended options for effective prevention of CIPN, and strong evidence for the utility and clinical efficacy of some previously tested preventive therapies is still limited.

Methods
The present article is the second one in the two-part series of review articles focused on CIPN. It summarizes the most recent advances in the field of studies on CIPN caused by oxaliplatin, the third-generation platinum-based antitumor drug used to treat colorectal cancer. Pharmacological properties of oxaliplatin, genetic, molecular and clinical features of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy are discussed.

Results
Available therapies, as well as results from clinical trials assessing drug candidates for the prevention of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy are summarized.

Conclusion
Emerging novel chemical structures—potential future preventative pharmacotherapies for CIPN caused by oxaliplatin are reported.

Graphical abstract
Physicians' perception toward non-invasive prenatal testing through the eye of the Rogers' diffusion of innovation theory in China
Authors: Wei Yan , Shi Lizheng , Ming Jian , He Luyang , Xu Yan , Chen Yingyao 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivePhysicians' attitudes and adoption behavior toward the delivery of prenatal tests take vital significance for its influence on their professional practice and patient acceptance. This study aimed to identify how physicians have perceived the diffusion of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) in China.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2016 to October 2016 in Shanghai, and Fujian and Sichuan Provinces in China. Physicians working on prenatal screening completed a self-report questionnaire. Following Roger's diffusion of innovation model, multivariable logistic regressions were performed separately for the following key elements of the theory which influence diffusion: physician-perceived attributes of NIPT, communication channels, the nature of the social system, the extent of change agent (who introduces innovations into a society), promotion efforts, and physicians' benefits from adopting NIPT.ResultsMost specialists had a positive attitude (53.2 percent) toward NIPT, whereas 58.9 percent of physicians had already adopted NIPT in their clinical practice. Physician adoption of NIPT was positively associated with the strength of HTA evidence (p= .03), perceived communication frequency with colleagues (p= .04), adoption by other physicians (p= .07), hospital competition (p= .06), hospital teaching status (p= .02), perceived for-profit genetic testing company's promotion (p< .001), and perceived clinical practice skill improvement (p= .02). However, the adoption behavior toward NIPT may be negatively associated with physician-perceived ethical concerns of NIPT (p= .06).ConclusionObstetricians and gynecologists’ positive perceptions facilitate the adoption of NIPT. Combined with cost-effectiveness analysis of prenatal screening methods, health policy makers can promote the adoption of appropriate, cost-effective prenatal screening in pregnant women.
Le sommeil de sujets dépressifs endogenes avant, pendant et apres un décalage des horaires de sommeil
Authors: Souêtre E. , Salvati E. , Pringuey D. , Darcourt G. 
Published: April 2020

RésuméCette étude décrit la structure et l'organisation temporelle du sommeil de 5 sujets dépressifs endogènes qui participèrent à un processus de décalage en avance de 5 heures des horaires de sommeil maintenu pendant deux semaines.Comparée à ces témoins du même âage, I'architecture du sommeil est, chez les dépressifs avant décalage, très perturbée avec, notamment, fragmentation et inefficacité du sommeil, réduction du taux de sommeil lent et raccourcissement de la latence du sommeil paradoxal. L'organisation temporelle semble traduire, elle, une lutte entre tendance au sommeil lent et tendance au sommeil paradoxal.Le sommeil des mêmes sujets s'est pratiquement normalisé pendant et surtout après le decalage des horaires de sommeil, exceptée la persistance de la réduction importante de la latence du sommeil paradoxal.Il serait ainsi possible d'associer la dépression à une désynchronisation entre rythmicités contrôlant sommeil lent, sommeil paradoxal et d'autres rythmes circadiens. Une resynchronisation forcée par décalage des horaires de sommeil pourrait alors rendre compte des améliorations cliniques et biologiques qui ont été observées.
Traitements antidépresseurs (amitriptyline et oxaprotiline), éléments psychopathologiques prédictifs de l'efficacité thérapeutique
Authors: Rein W. , Giedke H. , Axmann D. 
Published: April 2020

RésuméLa valeur prédictive du diagnostic et de la symptomatologie a été étudiée chez 42 malades hospitalisés souffrant de troubles dépressifs majeurs et traités par antidépresseurs (oxaprotiline ou amitriptyline). A 4 semaines de traitement, le score à l'échelle de dépression de Hamilton (17 items) a été pris comme critère d'amélioration : étaient considérés comme améliorés les sujets dont le score était ≤ 9, et comme non améliorés ceux dont le score était > 9. L'intensité de la dépression avant traitement était comparable dans les deux groupes. La sémiologie de la dépression a été évaluée aussi par une échelle plus complète, l'EADM 1 (Pichot et Coll.) qui permet d'établir un profil syndromique à 7 facteurs : «humeur et idéation dépressive», «plaintes subjectives», «agitation névrotique», «ralentissement psychomoteur », «plaintes somatiques», «anxiéteé» et «troubles de l'appétit».Ni les sous-groupes diagnostiques (endogène/non endogène) ni l'opposition agitation/ralentissement ni le sexe ni les traitements ni les taux plasmatiques d'amitryptiline ne différenciaient les deux groupes de sujets (améliorés et non améliorés). L'âge des sujets améliorés était significativement plus élevé. Les taux plasmatiques moyens d'oxaprotiline étaient significativement plus élevés dans le groupe des sujets améliorés.Deux facteurs de l'EADM 1, le facteur 1, humeur et idéation dépressive et le facteur 5, plaintes somatiques, permettaient par analyse discriminante un classement correct de 79 % des malades par rapport au critère d'amélioration. Un score élevé avant traitement au facteur 1 joint à un score bas au facteur 5 indiquaient un bon pronostic à 4 semaines.
Psychiatrie et épidémiologie
Authors: Fombonne Eric , Fuhrer Rebecca 
Published: April 2020

RésuméL’épidémiologie psychiatrique s’est beaucoup développée depuis trente ans. Après avoir rappelé les définitions et méthodes fondamentales en épidémiologie, nous décrivons des progrès accomplis en épidémiologie psychiatrique. Parmi eux, la définition des cas, les techniques d’identification des cas, et la recherche de facteurs de risque sont présentés ici. Pour les illustrer, certaines connaissances actuelles sur les facteurs de risque dans la schizophrénie et la dépression sont brièvement décrits. Ensuite, les travaux en psychiatrie de l’enfant sont brièvement présentés en insistant sur quelques difficultés spécifiques à la recherche en pédopsychiatrie. Finalement, après avoir fait le point de la situation française, quelques opinions communes qui freinent l’essor de la recherche épidémiologique sont passées en revue. Les conclusions soulignent la possibilité et la nécessité de développer cette approche multi-disciplinaire en psychiatrie.
Approche épidémiologique des jeunes usagers chroniques de solvants
Authors: Facy F. , Verron M. , Pequignot F. , Ramirez M. 
Published: April 2020

RésuméL’étude des jeunes usagers de solvants en France est réalisée à partir d’une enquête épidémiologique auprès des structures de l’Éducation Surveillée dans 23 départements.Un questionnaire approfondi, rempli par l’éducateur décrit le jeune par rapport à sa consommation de produits psychotropes, son comportement délictueux, son environnement familial et social, ses antécédents personnels et son mode de vie.Des groupes de jeunes du même âge, délinquants vus à l’àducation Surveillée, jeunes scolarisés représentatifs de la population générale, et usagers de solvants vus en centre d’accueil pour jeunes en difficulté, servent à mettre en évidence caractéristiques et spécificités des usagers par rapport aux jeunes de même âge, délinquants ou adaptés au système social.Une étude bibliographique permet de situer ce travail parmi d’autres enquêtes épidémiologiques, surtout anglosaxonnes, et de montrer l’articulation des résultats avec des recherches cliniques.
Frequency of the Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome, 1963-1986
Authors: Keck Paul E. , Pope Harrison G. , Mc Elroy Susan L. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryNeuroleptic malignant syndrome, a dangerous complication of neuroleptic treatment, was first reported in the French literature in the 1960’s. Although long assumed to be rare, the syndrome has beat widely reported recently, particularly in the United States. Does this surge of reports reflect a true increase in the frequency of the syndrome, or merely increased scientific interest in the disorder? A review of available epidemiologic data favors the latter possibility: the syndrome probably continues to affect about 1% of neuroleptic-treated patients, a figure little different from the original French estimate more titan 20 years ago.