bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning-based Inaccuracy Compensation in Reconstruction of High Resolution XCT Data
Authors: Topal Emre , Löffler Markus , Zschech Ehrenfried 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhile X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is pushed further into the micro- and nanoscale, the limitations of various tool components and object motion become more apparent. For high-resolution XCT, it is necessary but practically difficult to align these tool components with sub-micron precision. The aim is to develop a novel reconstruction methodology that considers unavoidable misalignment and object motion during the data acquisition in order to obtain high-quality three-dimensional images and that is applicable for data recovery from incomplete datasets. A reconstruction software empowered by sophisticated correction modules that autonomously estimates and compensates artefacts using gradient descent and deep learning algorithms has been developed and applied. For motion estimation, a novel computer vision methodology coupled with a deep convolutional neural network approach provides estimates for the object motion by tracking features throughout the adjacent projections. The model is trained using the forward projections of simulated phantoms that consist of several simple geometrical features such as sphere, triangle and rectangular. The feature maps extracted by a neural network are used to detect and to classify features done by a support vector machine. For missing data recovery, a novel deep convolutional neural network is used to infer high-quality reconstruction data from incomplete sets of projections. The forward and back projections of simulated geometric shapes from a range of angular ranges are used to train the model. The model is able to learn the angular dependency based on a limited angle coverage and to propose a new set of projections to suppress artefacts. High-quality three-dimensional images demonstrate that it is possible to effectively suppress artefacts caused by thermomechanical instability of tool components and objects resulting in motion, by center of rotation misalignment and by inaccuracy in the detector position without additional computational efforts. Data recovery from incomplete sets of projections result in directly corrected projections instead of suppressing artefacts in the final reconstructed images. The proposed methodology has been proven and is demonstrated for a ball bearing sample. The reconstruction results are compared to prior corrections and benchmarked with a commercially available reconstruction software. Compared to conventional approaches in XCT imaging and data analysis, the proposed methodology for the generation of high-quality three-dimensional X-ray images is fully autonomous. The methodology presented here has been proven for high-resolution micro-XCT and nano-XCT, however, is applicable for all length scales.
Pair suppression caused by mosaic-twist defects in superconducting Sr2RuO4 thin-films prepared using pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Garcia Carla Maria Palomares , Di Bernardo Angelo , Kimbell Graham , Vickers Mary E. , Massabuau Fabien C-P. , Komori Sachio , Divitini Giorgio , Yasui Yuuki , Lee Han Gyeol , Kim Jinkwon , Kim Bongju , Blamire Mark G. , Vecchione Antonio , Fittipaldi Rosalba , Maeno Yoshiteru , Noh Tae Won , Robinson Jason W. A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSr2RuO4 (SRO214) is a prototypical unconventional superconductor. However, since the discovery of its superconductivity a quarter of a century ago, the symmetry of the bulk and surface superconducting states in single crystal SRO214 remains controversial. Solving this problem is massively impeded by the fact that superconducting SRO214 is extremely challenging to achieve in thin-films as structural defects and impurities sensitively annihilate superconductivity. Here we report a protocol for the reliable growth of superconducting SRO214 thin-films by pulsed laser deposition and identify universal materials properties that are destructive to the superconducting state. We demonstrate that careful control of the starting material is essential in order to achieve superconductivity and use a single crystal target of Sr3Ru2O7 (SRO327). By systematically varying the SRO214 film thickness, we identify mosaic twist as the key in-plane defect that suppresses superconductivity. The results are central to the development of unconventional superconductivity.
Novel non‐isolated high step‐up converter with fewer passive devices and low voltage stress of power switches
Authors: Yang Ningrui , Zeng Jun , Hu Renjun , Liu Junfeng 
Published: May 2020

High step‐up, high‐efficiency and cost‐effective dc–dc converters with high power density, as an interface to boost the low voltage of alternative sources to the utility voltage level, are an important part of renewable energy systems. In this study, a novel high step‐up converter is proposed with a switched‐capacitor. By introducing the switched‐capacitor unit in the converter, the voltage of the switched‐capacitor is coupled into the charging circuit of the input filter‐inductor. Thus, the boost factor can be enlarged up to (1 − 2D) and the problem of the inrush current can be avoided due to the filter inductor. By replacing the filter inductor with the voltage multiplier unit, the boost coefficient of one coupled inductor voltage multiplier is increased to 2n and the voltage stress of the power switch is significantly reduced. Moreover, the energy of the leakage inductor is recycled by the switched‐capacitor with the reduction of the voltage spike and the switches’ stress. The working principle and the steady‐state characteristics are analysed in detail in this study, and a comparison is made between the proposed converter and other high step‐up converters. The experimental results based on a 200 W 20 to 200 V prototype verify the correctness and the feasibility.
The Herschel view of the dense core population in the Ophiuchus molecular cloud
Authors: Ladjelate B. , André Ph. , Könyves V. , Ward-Thompson D. , Men’shchikov A. , Bracco A. , Palmeirim P. , Roy A. , Shimajiri Y. , Kirk J. M. , Arzoumanian D. , Benedettini M. , Di Francesco J. , Fiorellino E. , Schneider N. , Pezzuto S. , Motte F. ,   the Herschel Gould Belt Survey Team
Published: May 2020

Context. Herschel observations of nearby clouds in the Gould Belt support a paradigm for low-mass star formation, starting with the generation of molecular filaments, followed by filament fragmentation, and the concentration of mass into self-gravitating prestellar cores. In the case of the Ophiuchus molecular complex, a rich star formation activity has been documented for many years inside the clumps of L1688, the main and densest cloud of the complex, and in the more quiescent twin cloud L1689 thanks to extensive surveys at infrared and other wavelengths.
Aims. With the unique far-infrared and submillimeter continuum imaging capabilities of the Herschel Space observatory, the closeby (d = 139 pc) Ophiuchus cloud was extensively mapped at five wavelengths from 70 to 500 μm with the aim of providing a complete census of dense cores in this region, including unbound starless cores, bound prestellar cores, and protostellar cores.
Methods. Taking full advantage of the high dynamic range and multi-wavelength nature of the Herschel data, we used the multi-scale decomposition algorithms getsources and getfilaments to identify an essentially complete sample of dense cores and filaments in the cloud and study their properties.
Results. The densest clouds of the Ophiuchus complex, L1688 and L1689, which thus far are only indirectly described as filamentary regions owing to the spatial distribution of their young stellar objects, are now confirmed to be dominated by filamentary structures. The tight correlation observed between prestellar cores and filamentary structures in L1688 and L1689 supports the view that solar-type star formation occurs primarily in dense filaments. While the sub clouds of the complex show some disparities, L1689 being apparently less efficient than L1688 at forming stars when considering their total mass budgets, both sub clouds share almost the same prestellar core formation efficiency in dense molecular gas. We also find evidence in the Herschel data for a remarkable concentric geometrical configuration in L1688 which is dominated by up to three arc-like compression fronts and has presumably been created by shockwave events emanating from the Sco OB2 association, including the neighboring massive (O9V) star σ Sco.
Conclusions. Our Herschel study of the well-documented Ophiuchus region has allowed us to further analyze the influence of several early-type (OB) stars surrounding the complex, thus providing positive feedback and enhancing star formation activity in the dense central part of the region, L1688.
A Systematic Review of Active Video Games on Youth’s Body
Composition and Physical Activity
Authors: Gao Zan , Zeng Nan , McDonough Daniel J. , Su Xiwen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the past decade, active video games (AVGs) have started to find their way into
communities, schools, and homes as a possible solution to promote physical
activity (PA) and prevent childhood obesity. However, the evidence regarding its
effectiveness on body composition and objectively measured PA in youth remains
inconclusive. Thus, a systematic review on this topic is needed. This review
synthesizes effects of AVGs on body composition and PA in youth. The initial
search yielded 260 articles from 10 databases and 18 randomized-controlled
trials were included after evaluating against eligibility and removing
duplicates. Overall, AVGs showed positive effects in improving body composition
and PA in overweight/obese youth as compared to the control conditions
with only 2 studies displaying neutral effects on these outcomes as compared to
traditional PA or comparison programs. For healthy youth, more than half of the
studies (n = 10) demonstrated neutral effects of AVGs on these outcomes
whereas only 6 yielded positive effects compared to the control conditions.
Further, one study indicated that the control condition observed greater
improvement in body composition compared with an AVG intervention in healthy
youth. In summary, AVGs are deemed a promising addition to promote PA and health
among overweight/obese youth with the goal of fighting childhood
obesity.
Antibacterial activity of calcium hydroxide and chlorhexidine containing points against Fusobacterium nucleatum and Parvimonas micra
Authors: Rathke Andreas , Meisohle Dominik , Bokelmann Jens , Haller Bernd 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTObjective: Up to 90% of the flora of an infected root canal consists of obligate anaerobic bacteria. However, most studies have centred on microaerophiles. This quantitative assay investigated the antibacterial effects against Fusobacterium nucleatum and Parvimonas micra of gutta-percha (GP) points containing either calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) or chlorhexidine (CHX) compared to those of conventional GP points.Methods: Standardized root canals were prepared in 192 bovine incisors. The canals were sterilized and then inoculated with one of two bacterial species (n=96 teeth per bacterium). After anaerobic incubation at 37ºC, the inoculum was removed and the canals were filled with one of the three points. Control teeth were filled with a saline/serum mixture. After 0, 1, 4 and 8 days of anaerobic incubation, the numbers of viable bacteria (CFU/ml) were determined on both the points and the canal wall dentin. Six replicates were carried out for each experiment.Results: None of the points completely eradicated the bacteria in the canal. GP+CHX was significantly more effective than GP+Ca(OH)2 and GP (P<.05 in each case). The inhibitory effect of GP+Ca(OH)2 did not significantly differ from that of GP (P>.05). Compared to the controls, the antibacterial effect of the medicated points was reached initially.Conclusion: Within the limitations of the in vitro model, the incorporation of commonly used medicaments in GP does not offer a long-lasting antibacterial advantage over non-medicated GP. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:434-439)
Bilateral geminated teeth with talon cusps: A case report
Authors: Sener Sevgi , Unlu Nimet , Basciftci Faruk Ayhan , Bozdag Guldane 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTTalon cusps and gemination are rare dental anomalies that can cause significant aesthetic and clinical problems. Bilateral talon cusps on geminated teeth have not been reported so far. The case of gemination with talon cusps on both maxillary central incisors was presented in this report. The main complaints of the patient were tongue irritation and aesthetic problems. The talon cusps were gradually reduced at 2 consecutive sittings and the exposed surface was treated with a fluoride gel. The aesthetical appearance was improved using a composite resin. Fixed orthodontic treatment was initiated for repositioning the left maxillary lateral incisor. A long term, multidisciplinary approach is necessary for the treatment of gemination with talon cusps. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:440-444)
Mental Practice Using Motor Imagery in Dysphagia Rehabilitation: A Survey of Practicing Speech-Language Pathologists
Authors: Szynkiewicz Sarah H. , Nobriga Christina V. , Cheung Ashley , Khoury Lauren , Piven Morgan , Quibin Kassandra 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMental practice (MP) using motor imagery is recognized as an effective clinical tool in rehabilitative medicine for improving motor performance. Preliminary data using MP in dysphagia rehabilitation are promising, though nothing is known about the current landscape among speech-language pathologists (SLPs) relating to MP implementation. This nationwide study surveys practicing SLPs about knowledge and practice patterns of using MP to gain a better understanding of the current knowledge, as well as perceived benefits and challenges in using MP. Descriptive data are reported and open-ended questions analyzed for emerging themes using inductive coding. Over half of the participants were familiar or somewhat familiar with motor imagery in the context of dysphagia rehabilitation, though only 16% of those SLPs reported using MP with a patient. Nearly 75% of respondents expressed interest in learning more about MP. Emerging themes include factors SLPs perceive to limit patient engagement, evidence-based practice concerns, and therapeutic environmental factors. More research on MP and access to training for clinicians is needed in the area of dysphagia rehabilitation to address acknowledged interest in MP.
Palatomaxillary Reconstruction: Fibula or Scapula
Authors: Badhey Arvind K. , Khan Mohemmed N. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPalatomaxillary reconstruction presents a unique challenge for the reconstructive surgeon. The maxillofacial skeleton preserves critical aerodigestive functions—it provides a stable hard palate to support mastication and separate the nasal and oral cavities, and buttress support to provide adequate midface contour. Free tissue transfer has become a routine part of the reconstructive ladder in managing palatomaxillary defects. While there is a wide variety of options for bony reconstruction within the head and neck, the fibula and the scapula, and their variations, have become two of the most commonly used options for midface reconstruction. This review will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of both in specific regard to reconstruction of the palatomaxillary area.
Transpalatal Approaches to the Skull Base and Reconstruction: Indications, Technique, and Associated Morbidity
Authors: London Nyall R. , Chan Jimmy Y. W. , Carrau Ricardo L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMultiple anterior surgical approaches are available to obtain access to the nasopharynx, clivus, and craniocervical junction. These include the direct and transoral robotic surgery transpalatal, maxillary swing, and endoscopic endonasal approaches. In this article, we describe the indications for these techniques, surgical steps, and associated morbidities. This article is a PubMed literature review. A review of the literature was conducted to assess the techniques, surgical steps, and associated morbidities with transpalatal approaches to the skull base and nasopharynx. The transpalatal approach has been traditionally utilized to obtain surgical access to the nasopharynx, clivus, and craniocervical junction. Morbidity includes velopalatine insufficiency due to shortening of the soft palate from scar contraction or neuromuscular damage, thus leading to hypernasal speech and dysphagia. Middle ear effusion and oronasal or oronasopharyngeal palatal fistula are additional potential morbidities. The choice of surgical approach depends on a variety of factors including the disease location and extent, surgeon experience, and available resources.
Evaluation of health intervention: a case of preschool children in Egypt
Authors: Megally Rania , Ghoneim Hebatallah 
Published: May 2020

Abstract“Good health and well-being” is the third of the Sustainable Development Goals, but it cannot be achieved without achieving goal two, “No Hunger.” Nutrition status is the foundation for healthy individuals, especially children. Developing countries have to set policies to solve malnutrition in order to ensure better health and well-being. This led the researchers to evaluate the impact of nutrition intervention on health outcomes in preschool children in Egypt, a lower middle-income country with high levels of poverty, food insecurity, and anemia. The prevalence of anemia represents a major public health problem in the country; reaching 39.6%.The analysis is based on a control randomized design to measure the impact of nutrition intervention. The sample of this study consisted of 405 children across seven kindergarten classes in Egypt. The results of the study did not show a significant improvement in rates of anemia, stunting, and obesity, likely due to the short treatment period. The results of this research are expected to provide important insights for policy implications under the assumption that this may be a vital step in the process of improving children’s health and school performance. Moreover, the results were inspiring enough that this randomized control trial research design has been applied to another study, using a longer-period nutrition program with a larger sample size that will measure the impact of nutrition interventions on children’s health and cognition as reflected in the children’s school performance and later in their productivity in the labor market.
Estimating temporary populations: a systematic review of the empirical literature
Authors: Panczak Radoslaw , Charles-Edwards Elin , Corcoran Jonathan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe estimation of temporary populations is a well-established field, but despite growing interest they are yet to form part of the standard suite of official population statistics. This systematic review seeks to review the empirical literature on temporary population estimation and identify the contemporary “state of the art”. We identify a total of 96 studies that attempt to estimate or describe a method of estimation. Our findings reveal strong growth in the number of studies in recent decades that in part has been driven by the rise in both the type and availability of new sources of information, including mobile phone data. What emerges from this systematic review is the lack of any “gold standard” data source or methodology for temporary population estimation. The review points to a number of important challenges that remain for estimating temporary populations, both conceptually and practically. What remains is the need for clear definitions along with identification of appropriate data and methods that are able to robustly capture and measure the diverse array of spatial behaviours that drive temporary population dynamics. To our knowledge, this is the first review on this topic that brings together literature from various disciplines and collates methods used for estimation.
Plastic pigs and public secrets in translational neonatology in Denmark
Authors: Dam Mie S. , Sangild Per T. , Svendsen Mette N. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper explores how a translational research platform in Denmark uses piglets as infant models. Drawing on meanings of “public” as “open” and “visible,” we track how researchers and clinicians together and separately turn research piglets and premature infants into both public and un-public beings in laboratory and clinical settings. In these complex multispecies relationships, researchers and clinicians alike create and retain certain “zones of unknowing” in which intimate cross-species care relations are fostered. While critical social scientists call for greater public recognition of animals in accounts of human health, our study demonstrates that “zones of unknowing” enable the involved professionals to care simultaneously for neonatal beings and the greater public good. To account for the efforts involved in contributing to the greater public good, we introduce the term “publication work.” We argue that publication work relies as much on porosity between species and spaces as on actively drawing boundaries between species and between public and private spaces. Plastic pigs and public secrets are crucial to realise the ambition of more-than-human public health.
Risks in neural machine translation
Authors: Canfora Carmen , Ottmann Angelika 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The new paradigm of neural machine translation is leading to profound changes in the translation industry. Surprisingly good results have led to high expectations; however, there are substantial risks that have not yet been sufficiently taken into account. Risks exist on three levels: first, what kind of damage can clients and end users incur in safety-critical domains if the NMT result contains errors; second, who is liable for damage caused by the use of NMT; third, what cyber risks can the use of NMT entail, especially when free online engines are used. When establishing sustainable measures to reduce such risks, we also need to consider general principles of human behaviour if we want to make sure that all agents comply with provisions and requirements.
Machine translation, ethics and the literary translator’s voice
Authors: Kenny Dorothy , Winters Marion 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Recent work in translation studies has established the literary translator’s voice as an ethical concern, but
there has been little empirical research so far into how the translator’s voice is affected in workflows involving machine
translation. In this article, we investigate how the use of neural machine translation influences the textual voice (Alvstad et al. 2017) of renowned translator from English into German, Hans-Christian
Oeser. Based on an experiment in which Oeser post-edits an excerpt from a novel he had previously translated, we show how his
textual voice is somewhat diminished in his post-edited work compared to its stronger manifestation in his translation work. At
the same time Oeser’s contextual voice (ibid.) remains strong in his comments on the text he produces in post-editing mode. The
article is offered as a methodological intervention and represents an initial attempt to design studies in literary machine
translation that put the focus on human translators, allowing their voices to be heard more clearly than has previously been the
case.
Electronic structure of metal-doped aluminum clusters by quantum Monte Carlo method
Authors: Cândido L. , Brito B. G. A. , Teixeira Rabelo J. N. , Hai G.-Q. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Using the fixed-node diffusion quantum Monte Carlo method (FN-DMC), the density functional theory (DFT), and the Hartree-Fock (HF) approximation, we investigate the valence electron binding energies of atomic clusters. Calculations are applied to the metal-doped anionic aluminum clusters

XAl

4
−

(X = K, Rb, Ag, and Au) and their vertical detachment energies (VDE) are obtained. A comparison between the FN-DMC results and the HF ones allows us to quantify the electron correlation effects and their impact on the stability of the clusters. The analysis reveals that the electron correlation enhances the vertical detachment energies of the atomic clusters significantly.