bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified tension band wiring of patellar fracture as a technique to minimize postoperative complications
Authors: Yu Tiecheng , Wu Zhendong , Mohamed Sayid Omar , Ju Weina , Liu Xiuxin , Qi Baochang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
Tension band wiring is the most widely accepted technique for the treatment of patellar fractures but the technique is associated with common complications like wire migration, prominence, and breakage. To reduce these complications, we developed and propose a modified technique that has a superior biomechanical strength and a potential to reduce such postoperative complications.

Patient concerns:
The patient presented with pain and mild swelling in his left knee after he slipped on the floor and fell on his left knee. He has no significant past medical or surgical history. The patient took the tension band wiring as the first choice because of the wide acceptance. But he worried about the complications.

Diagnoses:
X-ray showed a transverse fracture of the left patella with an inferior pole occult fracture.

Interventions:
The patient was operated with a modified technique of the classic tension band wiring for patellar fractures. In our 4-step procedure, double tension cerclage wires were wrapped under the exposed ends of the Kirschner wires (K-wires) and the tendons in figure-of-8 fashion. The aim was to increase the biomechanical strength so that when one of the tension wires fail, the other one can hold the fragments together.

Outcomes:
The patient recovered very well and without any complications. The patient was followed-up for 1 year and the fracture has united very well, with satisfying knee range of motion.

Lessons:
From this case study, we can detect the biomechanical advantages of our technique which can increase the stability of the fracture and that allows early functional exercise and additionally the micromotion at the fracture site has a beneficial effect of fracture union. Based on the perfect outcomes, our technique is worthy of clinical application.
Inhaled Nitric Oxide Use in Pediatric Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure*
Authors: Berger John T. , Maddux Aline B. , Reeder Ron W. , Banks Russell , Mourani Peter M. , Berg Robert A. , Carcillo Joseph A. , Carpenter Todd , Hall Mark W. , Meert Kathleen L. , McQuillen Patrick S. , Pollack Murray M. , Sapru Anil , Yates Andrew R. , Notterman Daniel A. , Holubkov Richard , Dean J. Michael , Wessel David L. 
Published: March 2020

Objectives:
To characterize contemporary use of inhaled nitric oxide in pediatric acute respiratory failure and to assess relationships between clinical variables and outcomes. We sought to study the relationship of inhaled nitric oxide response to patient characteristics including right ventricular dysfunction and clinician responsiveness to improved oxygenation. We hypothesize that prompt clinician responsiveness to minimize hyperoxia would be associated with improved outcomes.

Design:
An observational cohort study.

Setting:
Eight sites of the Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network.

Patients:
One hundred fifty-one patients who received inhaled nitric oxide for a primary respiratory indication.

Measurements and Main Results:
Clinical data were abstracted from the medical record beginning at inhaled nitric oxide initiation and continuing until the earliest of 28 days, ICU discharge, or death. Ventilator-free days, oxygenation index, and Functional Status Scale were calculated. Echocardiographic reports were abstracted assessing for pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular dysfunction, and other cardiovascular parameters. Clinician responsiveness to improved oxygenation was determined. One hundred thirty patients (86%) who received inhaled nitric oxide had improved oxygenation by 24 hours. PICU mortality was 29.8%, while a new morbidity was identified in 19.8% of survivors. Among patients who had echocardiograms, 27.9% had evidence of pulmonary hypertension, 23.1% had right ventricular systolic dysfunction, and 22.1% had an atrial communication. Moderate or severe right ventricular dysfunction was associated with higher mortality. Clinicians responded to an improvement in oxygenation by decreasing Fio
2 to less than 0.6 within 24 hours in 71% of patients. Timely clinician responsiveness to improved oxygenation with inhaled nitric oxide was associated with more ventilator-free days but not less cardiac arrests, mortality, or additional morbidity.

Conclusions:
Clinician responsiveness to improved oxygenation was associated with less ventilator days. Algorithms to standardize ventilator management may improve signal to noise ratios in future trials enabling better assessment of the effect of inhaled nitric oxide on patient outcomes. Additionally, confining studies to more selective patient populations such as those with right ventricular dysfunction may be required.
Factors Behind Decline of Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation to Support Neonatal Respiratory Failure
Authors: Lillie Jon , Boot Liz , Speggiorin Simone , Nyman Andrew G. 
Published: March 2020

Objectives:
Neonates with respiratory failure are ideally supported with venovenous rather than venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation due to the reduced rate of neurologic complications. However, the proportion of neonates supported with venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is declining. We aimed to explore the factors behind this decline.

Design:
We conducted a survey in order to understand current practice across the United Kingdom, exploring barriers to neonatal venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in addition to collecting U.K.-wide retrospective data from 2000 onwards.

Patients:
Neonates with respiratory failure supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the United Kingdom.

Setting:
All 11 pediatric U.K. extracorporeal membrane oxygenation centers provided data.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
The percentage of neonates with respiratory failure supported with venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation has declined from 58% to 16% over the last decade, reflected internationally with a decrease of 1.3% per year. Nine extracorporeal membrane oxygenation centers are able to offer pediatric venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, but only four offer neonatal venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Of those able to provide neonatal venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, three centers use dual lumen cannulae and one uses neonatal multisite cannulation. The most frequently cited barriers to neonatal venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were the lack of availability of a suitable dual lumen cannula with concerns of cardiac perforation and challenges of multisite cannulation due to small caliber femoral veins.

Conclusions:
The majority of U.K. centers are unable to provide venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for neonates due to concerns with availability and suitability of dual lumen cannulae. An alternative to be considered is the use of multisite cannulation, which has been used historically and is currently being used in centers internationally and in the United Kingdom.
Bilateral Pulmonary Embolism With Right Heart Strain in a Patient With Immune Thrombocytopenia—A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Hui Channing , Brodsky Richard Aaron , Haines Christopher 
Published: March 2020

Objectives
Patients with immune thrombocytopenia are at risk of both bleeding complications and venous thromboembolism. There is no standard to treating life-threatening pulmonary embolism in this population. This case illustrates the difficulty of treating significant thromboembolism in pediatric patients who have reduced clotting capacity.

Case
This case focuses on a 16-year-old pediatric patient with a history of immune thrombocytopenia presenting with mild chest discomfort and dyspnea on exertion. The d-dimer was mildly elevated, and the subsequent computed tomography angiogram revealed bilateral pulmonary embolisms with right ventricular strain.

Conclusions
The patient underwent thromboembolectomy by interventional radiology with subsequent administration of intravenous immunoglobulin, high-dose steroids, and enoxaparin therapy. There is no standard of care for patients with life-threatening pulmonary embolism in this population. Several authors suggest medical therapy options, but do not include patients with potential hemodynamic instability.
Functional Outcome after Reconstruction of a Long Nerve Gap in Rabbits Using Optimized Decellularized Nerve Allografts
Authors: Bulstra Liselotte F. , Hundepool Caroline A. , Friedrich Patricia F. , Bishop Allen T. , Hovius Steven E. R. , Shin Alexander Y. 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Processed nerve allografts are a promising alternative to nerve autografts, providing an unlimited, readily available supply and avoiding donor-site morbidity and the need for immunosuppression. Currently, clinically available nerve allografts do not provide satisfactory results for motor reconstruction. This study evaluated motor recovery after reconstruction of a long nerve gap using a processed nerve allograft and the influence of storage techniques.

Methods:
Nerve allografts were decellularized using elastase and detergents and stored at either 4° or −80°C. In 36 New Zealand White rabbits, a 3-cm peroneal nerve gap was repaired with either an autograft (group 1, control) or a cold-stored (group 2) or frozen-stored (group 3) processed nerve allograft. Nerve recovery was evaluated using longitudinal ultrasound measurements, electrophysiology (compound muscle action potentials), isometric tetanic force, wet muscle weight, and histomorphometry after 24 weeks.

Results:
Longitudinal ultrasound measurements showed that the cold-stored allograft provided earlier regeneration than the frozen-stored allograft. Furthermore, ultrasound showed significantly inferior recovery in group 3 than in both other groups (p < 0.05). Muscle weight and isometric tetanic force showed similar outcomes in the autograft and cold-stored allograft groups [p = 0.096 (muscle weight) and p = 0.286 (isometric tetanic force)], and confirmed the inferiority of the frozen-stored allograft to the autograft [p < 0.01 (muscle weight) and p = 0.02 (isometric tetanic force)].

Conclusions:
Frozen storage of the nerve allograft significantly impairs functional recovery and should be avoided. The cold-stored optimized nerve allograft yields functional recovery similar to the gold standard autograft in the reconstruction of a 3-cm motor nerve defect. Future studies should focus on further improvement of the nerve allograft.
The Wrist and Radius Injury Surgical Trial: 12-Month Outcomes from a Multicenter International Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Chung Kevin C. , Kim H. Myra , Malay Sunitha , Shauver Melissa J. 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Optimal treatment for distal radius fractures in older adults remains uncertain. No randomized trials comparing the most frequently used treatments in this population have been conducted. Surgical treatment rates vary widely, and the sustained benefits of surgery are uncertain.

Methods:
The Wrist and Radius Injury Surgical Trial, a randomized, multicenter trial, enrolled 304 adults aged 60 years and older with isolated, unstable distal radius fractures at 24 institutions. Patients who wanted surgery (n = 187) were randomized to internal fixation, external fixation, or percutaneous pinning; patients who preferred conservative management (n = 117) received casting. The primary outcome was the 12-month Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ) summary score.

Results:
At 12 months, there were no differences by treatment in primary outcome. Twelve-month MHQ summary scores differed between internal fixation and external fixation by 3 points (97.5 percent CI, 6.0 to 11.5) and between internal fixation and pinning by −0.14 (97.5 percent CI, −9.2 to 8.9). However, at 6 weeks, the mean MHQ summary score for internal fixation was greater than for external fixation by 19 (p < 0.001), pinning by 11 (p < 0.001), and casting by 7 (p = 0.03). Internal fixation participants demonstrated significantly better radiologic alignment throughout the follow-up period. Malunion was experienced by 48 percent of casting participants.

Conclusions:
Recovery was fastest for internal fixation and slowest for external fixation according to most measures, but by 12 months there were no meaningful differences in outcomes. Casting participants experienced satisfactory results despite loss of radiologic alignment.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, II.
Putting the Patient in Patient Safety Investigations: Barriers and Strategies for Involvement
Authors: Busch Isolde Martina , Saxena Ankita , Wu Albert W. 
Published: March 2020

Objectives
In an adverse event investigation, the patients have the potential to add a unique perspective because they can identify contributing factors that providers may miss. However, patients are rarely included in patient safety investigations. We aimed to identify the barriers to patient involvement in patient safety investigations and propose strategies to overcome them.

Methods
We reviewed literature on active participation by patients in safety investigations to construct a framework for healthcare institutions to use in approaching patients about a potential role in investigating an error in their care. We searched 3 electronic databases (PubMed, PSNet, Web of Science) for the years 1990 to 2018, without restrictions to language. Search terms included: “patient empowerment, “patient involvement,” “patient participation,” “patient safety investigation,” “root cause analysis,” “error analysis.” We also examined reference lists of relevant studies to identify additional articles.

Results
Our electronic search produced 10,624 records with 30 potentially eligible articles. However, we identified only 6 relevant published articles. We used these as the basis for a proposed framework that is predicated on the thoughtful disclosure of adverse events and has 3 main levels (i.e., patient, clinician, and institutional level). For each level, we identify barriers to patient participation and potential strategies to overcome them.

Conclusions
The proposed framework can be used as a starting point to promote patient involvement in error investigations. Involving patients in patient safety investigations could increase patient centeredness, patient autonomy, and transparency and make analyses more effective by adding unique and potentially actionable information.
Growth in Proportion and Disparities of HIV PrEP Use Among Key Populations Identified in the United States National Goals: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Published Surveys
Authors: Kamitani Emiko , Johnson Wayne D. , Wichser Megan E. , Adegbite Adebukola H. , Mullins Mary M. , Sipe Theresa Ann 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use among populations most vulnerable to HIV as identified in the national HIV prevention goals is not fully known. This systematic review assessed trends of lifetime self-reported PrEP use and disparities among key populations.

Methods:
We used the CDC HIV/AIDS Prevention Research Synthesis cumulative database of electronic and manual searches in MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and PsycINFO from 2000 to 2019 to identify English-language primary studies reporting PrEP use. Two reviewers independently screened citations, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias with the modified Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. We estimated pooled proportions and crude/adjusted odds ratio.

Results:
We identified 95 eligible studies including 95,854 US-based survey respondents. A few studies (6.3%) focused on persons who inject drugs. In 2015–2017, men who have sex with men (MSM) had highest proportion of individuals who used PrEP over their lifetime [13.9% (95% confidence interval: 8.8 to 21.1), k (number of surveys) = 49] followed by Hispanic/Latinos [11.5 (7.1 to 18.1), 12], transgender women [11.2 (5.8 to 20.6), 5], and blacks [9.9 (8.3 to 11.8), 18]. Odds of PrEP use increased by 34%/year [odds ratio = 1.34/year (95% confidence interval: 1.09 to 1.64)] and significantly increased over time among MSM [1.53/year (1.21–1.93)] and blacks [1.44 (1.13–1.83)]. People in the Southern United States [9.9 (4.7–19.7), 8] and youth [7.3 (4.7–11.2), 8] had lower rates and did not demonstrate growth [0.94 (0.29–3.18); 0.82 (0.43–1.55)]. Odds of reporting lifetime PrEP use was twice [2.07 (1.27–3.38)] as great among MSM than non-MSM.

Conclusions:
Proportions of PrEP use in published surveys have been growing, but remain low for people in the Southern United States and youth, and understudied in persons who inject drugs. Limitations include few studies in certain years, whereas strengths include a large number of respondents. Culturally tailored approaches targeting vulnerable populations are essential in increasing PrEP use to reduce disparities in HIV acquisition.
Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment in Stroke Patients
Authors: Feng Xuewen , Li Guanwu , Wu Weilin , Xu Yongming , Lin Haiyang , Fan Jingzheng 
Published: March 2020

Objective
We aimed to determine the effects of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) replacement on cognitive function in subjects with poststroke cognitive impairment using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Methods
We included 60 patients with a first-ever stroke for 3 months and a diagnosis of cognitive impairment who were randomized 1:1 to receive either rhGH subcutaneously or placebo injection for 6 months. All subjects were required to receive the same rehabilitative therapy program. Both groups were subjected to pretreatment and posttreatment neuropsychological assessment using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, serum neurotrophic factors, biomarkers of glucose and lipid metabolism, and functional magnetic resonance imaging during 6 months of the study period. The pattern of brain activity was determined by examining the functional connectivity and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) of blood oxygen level dependent signal.

Results
Forty-three (82.7%) completed the study. Treatment with rhGH reduced levels of triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol but did not significantly altered plasma concentrations of glucose and glycated hemoglobin. We found a significant increase in serum insulin-like growth factor 1 levels (32.6%; P < 0.001) in the rhGH-treated group compared with that in the controls. After 6 months of rhGH treatment, mean Montreal Cognitive Assessment score improved from 16.31 (5.32) to 21.19 (6.54) (P < 0.001). The rhGH group showed significant increased area of activation with increased ALFF values in the regions of the frontal lobe, putamen, temporal lobe, and thalamus (P < 0.05), relative to the baseline conditions. The correlation analysis revealed that the ALFF and functional connectivity of default mode network was positively correlated with the ΔMoCA score and ΔIGF-1 levels; that is, the more the scale score increased, the higher the functional connection strength. No undesirable adverse effects were observed.

Conclusions
The rhGH replacement has a significant impact on global and domain cognitive functions in poststroke cognitive impairment.
Individual Optimization of Contrast Media Injection Protocol at Hepatic Dynamic Computed Tomography Using Patient-Specific Contrast Enhancement Optimizer
Authors: Matsumoto Yoriaki , Higaki Toru , Arataki Keiko , Masuda Takanori , Sato Tomoyasu , Fukumoto Wataru , Nakamura Yuko , Tatsugami Fuminari , Awai Kazuo 
Published: March 2020

Objective
We developed a patient-specific contrast enhancement optimizer (p-COP) that can exploratorily calculate the contrast injection protocol required to obtain optimal enhancement at target organs using a computer simulator. Appropriate contrast media dose calculated by the p-COP may minimize interpatient enhancement variability. Our study sought to investigate the clinical utility of p-COP in hepatic dynamic computed tomography (CT).

Methods
One hundred thirty patients (74 men, 56 women; median age, 65 years) undergoing hepatic dynamic CT were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 contrast media injection protocols using a random number table. Group A (n = 65) was injected with a p-COP-determined iodine dose (developed by Higaki and Awai, Hiroshima University, Japan). In group B (n = 65), a standard protocol was used. The variability of measured CT number (SD) between the 2 groups of aortic and hepatic enhancement was compared using the F test. In the equivalence test, the equivalence margins for aortic and hepatic enhancement were set at 50 and 10 Hounsfield units (HU), respectively. The rate of patients with an acceptable aortic enhancement (250–350 HU) for the diagnosis of hypervascular liver tumors was compared using the χ
2 test.

Results
The mean ± SD values of aortic and hepatic enhancement were 311.0 ± 39.9 versus 318.7 ± 56.5 and 59.0 ± 11.5 versus 58.6 ± 11.8 HU in groups A and B, respectively. Although the SD for aortic enhancement was significantly lower in group A (P = 0.006), the SD for hepatic enhancement was not significantly different (P = 0.871). The 95% confidence interval for the difference in aortic and hepatic enhancement between the 2 groups was within the range of the equivalence margins. The number of patients with acceptable aortic enhancement was significantly greater in group A than in group B (P < 0.01).

Conclusions
The p-COP software reduced interpatient variability in aortic enhancement and obtained acceptable aortic enhancement at a significantly higher rate compared with the standard injection protocol for hepatic dynamic CT.
Diagnostic Role of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography for the Evaluation of Patients With Inflammation of Unknown Origin
Authors: Bilici Salman Reyhan , Gülbahar Ateş Seda , Satiş Hasan , Tufan Abdurrahman , Akdemir Ümit Özgür , Yapar Dilek , Ataş Nuh , Güler Aslihan Avanoglu , Karadeniz Hazan , Babaoglu Hakan , Aydos Uğuray , Göker Berna , Haznedaroğlu Şeminur , Atay Lütfiye Özlem , Öztürk Mehmet Akif 
Published: March 2020

Background
Sometimes, the underlying causes of inflammation cannot be established despite meticulous investigation, including medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and radiologic procedures. Rheumatologists are often faced with patients whose condition is known as inflammation of unknown origin (IUO). Differential diagnosis of IUO is diverse, and investigation of these cases is challenging and time-consuming.

Objective
The study aimed to assess the diagnostic role of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the evaluation of patients with IUO.

Methods
The study sample consisted of 97 adult patients with IUO who have not been previously diagnosed with an infectious, inflammatory, or malignant disease. The necessary data were collected from January 2015 to June 2018 with a 6-month follow-up period. The patients were screened using PET/CT after a specific diagnosis could not be established with detailed laboratory and radiologic evaluations.

Results
A final diagnosis was established at follow-up, and 47 (54%) of the 97 patients had inflammatory diseases, 30 (34.4%) had malignancies, and 10 (11.4%) had infections. Despite meticulous investigation, 10 patients were left undiagnosed in the follow-up. PET/CT aided diagnosis in 59 patients (60.8%), but it was not helpful in 38 patients (39.2%). PET/CT was positive in 30 (63%) of the 47 patients with inflammatory diseases, whose final diagnosis was inflammatory rheumatic disease, as follows: large-vessel vasculitis in 19 patients, polymyalgia rheumatica in 7 patients, and seronegative arthritis or other rare miscellaneous diseases in 4 patients. The sensitivity of PET/CT was 67% with a specificity and diagnostic accuracy of 100% and 71%, respectively.

Conclusions
Investigation of the underlying etiology of IUO is time-consuming and challenging. PET/CT may help identify the final diagnosis more quickly by locating an obscure inflammatory site; thus, it may reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies, diagnostic time, anxiety, work loss, morbidity, and mortality.