bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing telehealth interventions for physical activity and sedentary behavior self‐management in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: An integrative review
Authors: Howland Chelsea , Wakefield Bonnie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractType 2 diabetes is a chronic disease, requiring lifestyle management to prevent chronic complications. Increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior are integral to maintaining glycemic control. The purpose of this study was to (1) appraise and synthesize the literature about physical activity and sedentary behavior intervention delivery via telehealth strategies in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and (2) to evaluate what is known about the effectiveness of such interventions on physical activity, sedentary behavior, and glycemic control. An integrative literature review was carried out, including the electronic databases PubMed, CINAHL, and PsychInfo, searching for articles published within the past 10 years, meeting specified inclusion and exclusion criteria, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses statement guidelines. Seventeen studies were included. Significant improvements in physical activity and sedentary behavior were identified in web and mobile phone‐based interventions. Modest improvements in glycemic control were reported. Theoretical framework use and integration was limited, and intervention length and follow‐up varied greatly in the studies reviewed. Outcomes were measured using both self‐report and objective measures, but objective measures were used less frequently. Further, few studies have been conducted in the United States or in rural populations. Web and mobile phone‐based telehealth interventions to increase physical activity, reduce sedentary behaviors, and improve glycemic control have been supported by the literature. A need exists for future studies that are theory‐driven, include dose‐specific measures, self‐report and objective measures, and long‐term follow‐up. Examining intervention effects in rural populations is needed.
'We've Paid your Vagina to Make Children!ʼ: Bridewealth and Women's Marital and Reproductive Autonomy in Port‐Vila, Vanuatu
Authors: Servy Alice 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTIn Vanuatu, the practice of bridewealth is widespread. However, according to international and national development organizations based in the capital Port‐Vila, this practice impedes women's freedom, including women's reproductive autonomy. In this paper, using data gathered in Port‐Vila between 2009 and 2018, I examine the practice of marriage in Port‐Vila and argue against this development discourse. I analyse the transformations of marriage showing the increasing autonomy of young people in the selection of marriage partners and the links between marriage, bridewealth and reproductive autonomy. I emphasize the changes in the nature of bridewealth marriage in a contemporary urban context and its implications for female fertility control. I conclude that bridewealth is only one among several factors that influence women's reproductive autonomy in Port‐Vila.
Modeling of nonlinear hyper‐viscoelastic and stress softening behaviors of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber/polyvinyl chloride nanocomposites reinforced by nanoclay and graphene
Authors: Barghamadi Mohammad , Ghoreishy Mir Hamid Reza , Karrabi Mohammad , Mohammadian‐Gezaz Somayyeh 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis research work is devoted to the development of multiple material models as constitutive equations for the description of the complex mechanical behavior of a series of nanocomposites based on the acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR)/polyvinyl chloride (PVC) reinforced by nanoclay graphene. The preparation method and the mechanical with other properties of these nanocomposites were already investigated and reported in our previous work. The developed model consists of the Marlow hyperelastic integral equation, strain hardening power‐law equation for the nonlinear viscoelastic behavior as well as Ogden and Roxburgh equation to simulate the stress softening behavior. Stress relaxation tests were first carried out to show the nonlinear viscoelastic behavior of the samples. Simple tensile and volumetric tests were performed for Marlow model. The parameters of the nonlinear viscoelastic and stress softening equations in the model were determined by solving an inverse problem using a novel numerical algorithm, which was based on the combination of an optimization loop using Down Hill simplex method and finite element simulation of a dumbbell test specimen under load. To achieve this task, quasi‐static tests under cyclic loading with different final extensions and three extensional rates were also performed. Then, their corresponding finite element models were developed and the associated inverse problems were solved. Comparing the force‐displacement data obtained via simulation using the mentioned model with their corresponding experimental data confirms of the model correctness and its applicability. Moreover, the mechanical behaviors of both neat and reinforced polymer blend (NBR/PVC) with nanofillers are shown to be supportive of the computed parameters.
Construction of amperometric biosensor modified with conducting polymer/carbon dots for the analysis of catechol
Authors: Yasa Mustafa , Deniz Aybuke , Forough Mehrdad , Yildirim Erol , Persil Cetinkol Ozgul , Udum Yasemin Arslan , Toppare Levent 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPhenolic compounds used in food industries and pesticide industry, are environmentally toxic and pollute the rivers and ground water. For that reason, detection of phenolic compounds such as catechol by using simple, efficient and cost‐effective devices have been becoming increasingly popular. In this study, a suitable and a novel matrix was composed using a novel conjugated polymer, namely poly[1‐(5‐(4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b']dithiophen‐2‐yl)furan‐2‐yl)‐5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)‐3‐(furan‐2‐yl)‐4H thieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,6(5H)‐dione] (PFTBDT) and carbon dots (CDs) to detect catechol. PFTBDT and CDs were synthesized and the optoelectronic properties of PFTBDT were investigated via electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical studies. Laccase enzyme was immobilized onto the constructed film matrix on the graphite electrode. The proposed biosensor was found to have a low detection limit (1.23 μM) and a high sensitivity (737.44 μA/mM.cm−2) with a linear range of 1.25–175 μM. Finally, the applicability of the proposed enzymatic biosensor was evaluated in a tap water sample and a satisfactory recovery (96–104%) was obtained for catechol determination.
Mental disorders and utilization of mental health services in newly diagnosed cancer patients: An analysis of German health insurance claims data
Authors: Salm Sandra , Blaschke Katja , Ihle Peter , Schubert Ingrid , Dresen Antje , Pfaff Holger , Scholten Nadine 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivePeople with cancer are often confronted not only with the burdens of medical treatment but also with psychological strain, which can lead to mental disorders (MD). To date, the prevalence of MD in newly diagnosed cancer patients and their utilization of mental health services (MHS) are mainly estimated through data of primary studies than considering healthcare‐related claims data.MethodsStatutory health insurance claims data of the AOK/KV Hesse from 2011 to 2014 was analyzed. The number of incident cancer patients with MD and the utilization of MHS within the period of the quarter of incident cancer diagnosis and three subsequent quarters were determined. For incident cancer patients with an incident MD, the predictive values of sex, age group, and tumor entity on the documentation of MD diagnosis and utilization were investigated.ResultsThe 12‐month prevalence of MD in incident cancer patients was 31.1% for depression, 11.2% for anxiety disorders, and 9.2% for post‐traumatic stress/adjustment disorder (PTSD/AD). Of these, 65.9% received outpatient psychotherapy and 43.0% at least one psychopharmacological drug prescription. Men had a significantly lower chance of receiving an MD diagnosis following cancer.ConclusionsThe prevalence of MD observed was higher for depression and lower for PTSD/AD compared to meta‐analyses of clinical trials. Male cancer patients had a lower chance of receiving an MD diagnosis than females, which coincides with existing results.
First‐principles study of the adsorption mechanism of SO2 and CF4 on the α‐Al2O3 (0001) surface
Authors: Yu Xinyan , Zhang Hongliang , Li Jie , Guo Hui , Wang Jingkun , Wang Jiacheng , Long Mengqiu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDue to greenhouse gas emission restrictions and environmental protection requirements, the treatment of SO2 and Perfluorinated compound gas has become a problem in the aluminum electrolysis industry. Based on the density functional theory, the adsorption mechanisms of SO2 and CF4 on the surface of clean α‐Al2O3 (0001) were studied. Using projected augmented wave/Perdew‐Burke‐Ernzerhof for calculation, it can be found that SO2 is adsorbed to form an AlO1SO2 structure, and the most stable adsorption energy is −1.52 eV. The adsorption of SO2 is mainly due to the action of π‐p orbitals and the partial contribution of sp2 hybrid orbitals and s orbitals. The most stable adsorption energy of CF4 is −0.38 eV, and it is difficult to transfer charge on the surface. Overall, SO2 is chemisorbed on the clean surface, while CF4 is physisorbed, and their coadsorption with H2O is disadvantageous to the adsorption reaction. These results are very important for understanding the adsorption mechanism of CF4 and SO2 on alumina.
From phase transitions to Modern Monetary Theory: A framework for analyzing the pandemic of 2020
Authors: Putnam Bluford H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAnalyzing the economic impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic of 2020 requires an appreciation that price signals were no longer primary determinants of supply and demand. Economic agents were acting out of health fears, government‐mandated shutdown rules, and dealing with financial distress. The economy had entered a state that was far from equilibrium. Orthodox tools, such as comparative equilibrium analysis, can tell one about state “A” and state “B,” but provide no guidance as to how to analyze the phase transition. We turn to the physics of phase transitions to help us understand what essentially was a network collapse. The analysis is extended to examine whether the initial policy responses were more likely to cushion the blow or to accelerate the eventual economic recovery, which is extended into an examination of Modern Monetary Theory. Finally, we study the behavioral changes induced by the pandemic that are likely to be long‐lasting and impact the pace of the recovery. And we note a variety of data anomalies that are sure to vex empirical researchers as they study the pandemic of 2020.
FAST.Farm development and validation of structural load prediction against large eddy simulations
Authors: Shaler Kelsey , Jonkman Jason 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFAST.Farm is a mid‐fidelity engineering tool developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory targeted at accurately and efficiently predicting wind turbine power production and structural loading in wind farm settings, including wake interactions between turbines. FAST.Farm is based on several principles of the dynamic wake meandering (DWM) model, but also addresses limitations of previous DWM implementations. Previous FAST.Farm studies have shown the similarities and differences between FAST.Farm and large eddy simulations for rigid turbine cases. The objective of this work is to quantify the ability of FAST.Farm to accurately predict turbine structural response in a small wind farm. This is done by comparing FAST.Farm structural response to SOWFA‐OpenFAST results for three laterally‐aligned turbines. The purpose of this study is to characterize the similarities and differences between FAST.Farm and a higher fidelity model for predicting turbine structural response in a wind farm for differing atmospheric inflows. Strong statistical agreement was found between FAST.Farm and SOWFA‐OpenFAST structural response for the non‐waked upstream turbine, and good agreement was found for the downstream turbines for most structural quantities. Higher differences were seen for downstream turbines with low ambient turbulence intensity or yawed turbines, suggesting areas for FAST.Farm wake dynamics modeling improvements. For all cases and turbines, small statistical differences were seen between blade deflections and bending moments, with larger differences for tower‐top and tower‐base bending moments. Overall, the results establish confidence for applying FAST.Farm to wind farm power and loads analyses and identify areas where further model validations and model improvements should be targeted.
A Data Concealing Technique with Random Noise Disturbance and a Restoring Technique for the Concealed Data by Stochastic Process Estimation
Authors: Fujii Tomohiro , Hirokawa Masao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe propose a technique to conceal data on a physical layer by disturbing them with some random noises, and moreover, a technique to restore the concealed data to the original ones by using the stochastic process estimation. Our concealing-restoring system manages the data on the physical layer from the data link layer. In addition to these proposals, we show the simulation result and some applications of our concealing-restoring technique.
Quantum Optics with Giant Atoms—the First Five Years
Authors: Frisk Kockum Anton 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn quantum optics, it is common to assume that atoms can be approximated as point-like compared to the wavelength of the light they interact with. However, recent advances in experiments with artificial atoms built from superconducting circuits have shown that this assumption can be violated. Instead, these artificial atoms can couple to an electromagnetic field at multiple points, which are spaced wavelength distances apart. In this chapter, we present a survey of such systems, which we call giant atoms. The main novelty of giant atoms is that the multiple coupling points give rise to interference effects that are not present in quantum optics with ordinary, small atoms. We discuss both theoretical and experimental results for single and multiple giant atoms, and show how the interference effects can be used for interesting applications. We also give an outlook for this emerging field of quantum optics.
Ramanujan Graphs for Post-Quantum Cryptography
Authors: Jo Hyungrok , Sugiyama Shingo , Yamasaki Yoshinori 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe introduce a cryptographic hash function based on expander graphs, suggested by Charles et al. ’09, as one prominent candidate in post-quantum cryptography. We propose a generalized version of explicit constructions of Ramanujan graphs, which are seen as an optimal structure of expander graphs in a spectral sense, from the previous works of Lubotzky, Phillips, Sarnak ’88 and Chiu ’92. We also describe the relationship between the security of Cayley hash functions and word problems for group theory. We also give a brief comparison of LPS-type graphs and Pizer’s graphs to draw attention to the underlying hard problems in cryptography.
Emerging Ultrastrong Coupling Between Light and Matter Observed in Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics
Authors: Semba Kouichi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe strength of the coupling between an atom and a single electromagnetic field mode is defined as the ratio of the vacuum Rabi frequency to the Larmor frequency, and is determined by a small dimensionless physical constant, the fine structure constant $$\alpha =Z_{vac} / 2R_{K}$$

α
=

Z

vac

/
2

R
K

. On the other hand, the quantum circuit including Josephson junctions behaving as artificial atoms and it can be coupled to the electromagnetic field with arbitrary strength (Devoret et al. 2007). Therefore, the circuit quantum electrodynamics (circuit QED) is extremely suitable for studying much stronger light-matter interaction.
A Review of Secret Key Distribution Based on Bounded Observability
Authors: Muramatsu Jun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSecret key distribution is a technique for a sender and a receiver to share a secret key, which is not known by any eavesdropper, when they share no common secret information in advance. By using this technique, the sender and the receiver can transmit a message securely in the sense that the message remains secret from any eavesdropper. We introduced a secret key distribution based on the Bounded Observability (Muramatsu et al. 2010, 2013, 2015), which provides a necessary and sufficient condition for the possibility of secret key distribution. This condition describes limits on the information obtained by observation of a random object, and models the practical difficulty of completely observing random physical phenomena.
Towards Constructing Fully Homomorphic Encryption without Ciphertext Noise from Group Theory
Authors: Nuida Koji 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn CRYPTO 2008, 1 year earlier than Gentry’s pioneering “bootstrapping” technique for the first fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) scheme, Ostrovsky and Skeith III had suggested a completely different approach towards achieving FHE. They showed that the $$\mathsf {NAND}$$
NAND
operator can be realized in some non-commutative groups; consequently, homomorphically encrypting the elements of the group will yield an FHE scheme, without ciphertext noise to be bootstrapped. However, no observations on how to homomorphically encrypt the group elements were presented in their paper, and there have been no follow-up studies in the literature. The aim of this paper is to exhibit more clearly what is sufficient and what seems to be effective for constructing FHE schemes based on their approach. First, we prove that it is sufficient to find a surjective homomorphism $$\pi :\widetilde{G} \rightarrow G$$

π
:

G
~

→
G

between finite groups for which bit operators are realized in G and the elements of the kernel of $$\pi $$
π
are indistinguishable from the general elements of $$\widetilde{G}$$

G
~

. Secondly, we propose new methodologies to realize bit operators in some groups G. Thirdly, we give an observation that a naive approach using matrix groups would never yield secure FHE due to an attack utilizing the “linearity” of the construction. Then we propose an idea to avoid such “linearity” by using combinatorial group theory. Concretely realizing FHE schemes based on our proposed framework is left as a future research topic.
German monitoring 2012–2014: ergot of Claviceps purpurea and ergot alkaloids (EA) in feedingstuffs and their toxicological relevance for animal feeding
Authors: Schwake-Anduschus Christine , Lorenz Nicole , Lahrssen-Wiederholt Monika , Lauche Anke , Dänicke Sven 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFeedingstuffs are frequently contaminated with sclerotia (ergot) of the phytopathogenic fungus Claviceps purpurea. Ergot contains ergot alkaloids (EA), but the amount and composition of these substances may be highly variable hampering the extrapolation of the amount of EA from the ergot content. 600 different feed samples from the harvest years 2011–2014 (rye, triticale, wheat, mixed cereal grains or compound feed), preferably those with visible ergot infestation, were analyzed for both parameters ergot and EA content in a German monitoring program. The analytical results were employed for statistical evaluation using the software JMP® 13. The data show that the correlation between the ergot and the EA content was rather poor, especially for rye, the grain most frequently contaminated with ergot and EA. Consequently, effects on animal health correlated much better with EA than with ergot content. Furthermore, it shows that the current European law for undesirable substances (Directive 2002/32/EC) restricting the ergot content in feed materials and compound feed containing unground cereals is not fully sufficient to protect animal health. Therefore, preliminary guidance values for species-specific critical values for total EA content in the diets are derived and suggested for practical use. Further research is needed to verify these preliminary guidance values and to improve risk evaluation in consideration of the significant variability in the species-specific sensitivity.
The Vaults of Umm al-Dabadib: Geometric Study
Authors: Rossi Corinna , Fiorillo Fausta 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article focuses on the shape of the vaults that cover the rooms of the Fort of Umm al-Dabadib (Kharga Oasis, Egypt’s Western Desert), dating to the Late Roman Period. This building is the central element of the contemporary Fortified Settlement, consisting of a dense, three-dimensional mosaic of domestic units, all covered by similar vaults, and belonging to a chain of similar installations. Two elements make Umm al-Dabadib an interesting case-study: the excellent preservation of its architectural remains, and the possibility to rely on an accurate photogrammetric survey of the entire built-up area. Thanks to this combination, it was possible to analyse the geometric shape of the vaults in connection to the ancient building techniques. The study determined that the vaults of the Fort are elliptical; this conclusion will impact on the study of all the similar settlements built in the Kharga Oasis, and possibly to other contemporary buildings elsewhere in Egypt.
The explosive trinitrotoluene (TNT) induces gene expression of carbonyl reductase in the blue mussel (Mytilus spp.): a new promising biomarker for sea dumped war relicts?
Authors: Strehse Jennifer S. , Brenner Matthias , Kisiela Michael , Maser Edmund 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMillions of tons of all kind of munitions, including mines, bombs and torpedoes have been dumped after World War II in the marine environment and do now pose a new threat to the seas worldwide. Beside the acute risk of unwanted detonation, there is a chronic risk of contamination, because the metal vessels corrode and the toxic and carcinogenic explosives (trinitrotoluene (TNT) and metabolites) leak into the environment. While the mechanism of toxicity and carcinogenicity of TNT and its derivatives occurs through its capability of inducing oxidative stress in the target biota, we had the idea if TNT can induce the gene expression of carbonyl reductase in blue mussels. Carbonyl reductases are members of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily. They metabolize xenobiotics bearing carbonyl functions, but also endogenous signal molecules such as steroid hormones, prostaglandins, biogenic amines, as well as sugar and lipid peroxidation derived reactive carbonyls, the latter providing a defence mechanism against oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we identified and cloned the gene coding for carbonyl reductase from the blue mussel Mytilus spp. by a bioinformatics approach. In both laboratory and field studies, we could show that TNT induces a strong and concentration-dependent induction of gene expression of carbonyl reductase in the blue mussel. Carbonyl reductase may thus serve as a biomarker for TNT exposure on a molecular level which is useful to detect TNT contaminations in the environment and to perform a risk assessment both for the ecosphere and the human seafood consumer.