bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ALPINE−ALMA [C ii] Survey: on the nature of an extremely obscured serendipitous galaxy
Authors: Romano M , Cassata P , Morselli L , Lemaux B C , Béthermin M , Capak P , Faisst A , Le Fèvre O , Schaerer D , Silverman J , Yan L , Bardelli S , Boquien M , Cimatti A , Dessauges-Zavadsky M , Enia A , Fudamoto Y , Fujimoto S , Ginolfi M , Gruppioni C , Hathi N P , Ibar E , Jones G C , Koekemoer A M , Loiacono F , Mancini C , Riechers D A , Rodighiero G , Rodríguez-Muñoz L , Talia M , Vallini L , Vergani D , Zamorani G , Zucca E 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
We report the serendipitous discovery of a dust-obscured galaxy observed as part of the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) Large Program to INvestigate [C ii] at Early times (ALPINE). While this galaxy is detected both in line and continuum emissions in ALMA Band 7, it is completely dark in the observed optical/near-infrared bands and only shows a significant detection in the UltraVISTA Ks band. We discuss the nature of the observed ALMA line, that is [C ii] at $z$ ∼ 4.6 or high-J CO transitions at $z$ ∼ 2.2. In the first case, we find a [C ii]/FIR luminosity ratio of $\mathrm{log}{(L_{[\mathrm{ C}\, \rm {\small {II}}]}/L_{\mathrm{ FIR}})} \sim -2.5$, consistent with the average value for local star-forming galaxies (SFGs). In the second case instead, the source would lie at larger CO luminosities than those expected for local SFGs and high-z submillimetre galaxies. At both redshifts, we derive the star formation rate (SFR) from the ALMA continuum and the physical parameters of the galaxy, such as the stellar mass (M*), by fitting its spectral energy distribution. Exploiting the results of this work, we believe that our source is a ‘main-sequence’, dusty SFG at $z$ = 4.6 (i.e. [C ii] emitter) with $\mathrm{log(SFR/M_{\odot }\, yr^{-1})}\sim 1.4$ and log(M*/M⊙) ∼ 9.9. As a support to this scenario our galaxy, if at this redshift, lies in a massive protocluster recently discovered at $z$ ∼ 4.57, at only ∼1 proper Mpc from its centre. This work underlines the crucial role of the ALPINE survey in making a census of this class of objects, in order to unveil their contribution to the global SFR density at the end of the Reionization epoch.
The fate of binary stars hosting planets upon interaction with Sgr A* black hole
Authors: Capuzzo-Dolcetta R , Davari N 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Our Galaxy hosts a very massive object at its centre, often referred to as the supermassive black hole Sgr A*. Its gravitational tidal field is so intense that it can strip apart a binary star passing its vicinity and accelerate one of the components of the binary as hypervelocity star (HVS) and grab the other star as S-star. Taking into consideration that many binary star systems are known to host planets, in this paper we aim to broaden the study of the close interaction of binary stars and their planetary systems with Sgr A* massive object. Results are obtained via a high-precision N-body code including post-Newtonian approximation. We quantify the likelihood of capture and ejection of stars and planets after interaction with Sgr A*, finding that the fraction of stars captured around it is about three times that of the planets (∼49.4 per cent versus ∼14.5 per cent) and the fraction of hypervelocity planet ejection is about twice that of HVSs (∼21.7 per cent versus ∼9.0 per cent). The actual possibility of observational counterparts deserves further investigation.
Genome-wide CRISPR synthetic lethality screen identifies a role for the ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP14 in DNA replication dynamics controlled by ATR
Authors: Dhoonmoon Ashna , Schleicher Emily M , Clements Kristen E , Nicolae Claudia M , Moldovan George-Lucian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe DNA damage response is essential to maintain genomic stability, suppress replication stress, and protect against carcinogenesis. The ATR-CHK1 pathway is an essential component of this response, which regulates cell cycle progression in the face of replication stress. PARP14 is an ADP-ribosyltransferase with multiple roles in transcription, signaling, and DNA repair. To understand the biological functions of PARP14, we catalogued the genetic components that impact cellular viability upon loss of PARP14 by performing an unbiased, comprehensive, genome-wide CRISPR knockout genetic screen in PARP14-deficient cells. We uncovered the ATR-CHK1 pathway as essential for viability of PARP14-deficient cells, and identified regulation of DNA replication dynamics as an important mechanistic contributor to the synthetic lethality observed. Our work shows that PARP14 is an important modulator of the response to ATR-CHK1 pathway inhibitors.
Geographic and socioeconomic considerations for glioblastoma treatment in the elderly at a national level: a US perspective
Authors: Lu Victor M , Lewis Cole T , Esquenazi Yoshua 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Treatment for glioblastoma (GBM) in elderly (age &gt; 65 years) patients can be affected by multiple geographic and socioeconomic parameters. Correspondingly, the aim of this study was to determine trends in treatment of elderly GBM patients in the United States.

Methods
All GBM patients in the U.S. National Cancer Database between 2005 and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Status of treatment by triple therapy (resection, chemotherapy, and radiation) were summarized and analyzed by U.S. Census region.

Results
There were 44 338 GBM patients included, with 21 573 (49%) elderly and 22 765 (51%) nonelderly patients with median ages 72 years (range, 65-90 years) and 47 years (range, 40-64 years), respectively. Compared to nonelderly patients, elderly patients had significantly lower odds of being treated by triple therapy (odds ratio, OR = 0.54) as a whole, and its individual elements of resection (OR = 0.78), chemotherapy (OR = 0.46), radiation therapy (OR = 0.52). This was reflected in each U.S. Census region, with the lowest odds of being treated with triple therapy, surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy in New England (OR = 0.51) Mountain (OR = 0.66), West North Central (OR = 0.38), and the Middle Atlantic (OR = 0.44), respectively. Multivariable analysis revealed multiple socioeconomic parameters that significantly predicted lower odds of triple therapy in the elderly.

Conclusions
In the United States alone, there exists geographic disparity in the treatment outcomes of elderly GBM patients. Multiple socioeconomic parameters can influence access to treatment modalities for elderly patients compared to younger patients in different geographic regions, and public health initiatives targeting these aspects may prove beneficial conceptually to optimize and homogenize clinical outcomes.
Spatial multi-scaled chimera states of cerebral cortex network and its inherent structure-dynamics relationship in human brain
Authors: Huo Siyu , Tian Changhai , Zheng Muhua , Guan Shuguang , Zhou Changsong , Liu Zonghua 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Human cerebral cortex displays various dynamics patterns under different states, however the mechanism how such diverse patterns can be supported by the underlying brain network is still not well understood. Human brain has a unique network structure with different regions of interesting to perform cognitive tasks. Using coupled neural mass oscillators on human cortical network and paying attention to both global and local regions, we observe a new feature of chimera states with multiple spatial scales and a positive correlation between the synchronization preference of local region and the degree of symmetry of the connectivity of the region in the network. Further, we use the concept of effective symmetry in the network to build structural and dynamical hierarchical trees and find close matching between them. These results help to explain the multiple brain rhythms observed in experiments and suggest a generic principle for complex brain network as a structure substrate to support diverse functional patterns.
A theory of status and coordination in organizations
Authors: Lam Wing Man Wynne 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Firms can motivate workers by offering them social status. Much of the literature argues that a rise in status is a powerful work incentive while ignoring its impact on coordination. This article shows that when workers need to collaborate while having individual vested interests, status differences may reduce the organization value by distorting efforts from different workers. However, status differences can increase the organization value when status effects changes in both authority allocation and cost of taking actions amongst workers. These results have practical implications for human resource management and promotion policies.
Health-Related Quality of Life as Measured by the 12-Item Short-Form Survey Among Adults With Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia who Received Either Lefamulin or Moxifloxacin in 2 Phase III Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy Clinical Trials
Authors: Lodise Thomas P , Colman Sam , Alexander Elizabeth , Stein Daniel S , Fitts David , Goldberg Lisa , Schranz Jennifer 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundInterest in patient-reported outcomes (PROs) as part of benefit–risk assessment for new drug approvals is increasing. Lefamulin is the first intravenous (IV) and oral pleuromutilin antibiotic for treatment of adults with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP). Assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was prospectively incorporated in its CABP trials (Lefamulin Evaluation Against Pneumonia [LEAP] 1 and 2) via the 12-Item Short-Form Survey (SF-12), a widely used PRO that measures general health status in 8 domains.MethodsHRQoL was evaluated by SF-12 at baseline and test of cure (TOC; 5–10 days after the last study drug dose) in patients who received lefamulin or moxifloxacin in LEAP 1 (IV/oral treatment) and LEAP 2 (oral-only treatment). SF-12 outcomes included the 8 domains, physical component and mental component summary scores, and the Short-Form Six-Dimension health utility score.ResultsAnalysis included 1215 patients (lefamulin: n = 607; moxifloxacin: n = 608). At baseline, all mean SF-12 scores in both treatment groups were well below the United States reference mean. Clinically meaningful and significant improvements from baseline to TOC were observed in all SF-12 scores. No significant differences in mean score improvements from baseline to TOC between treatment groups were observed. SF-12 score improvements at TOC across predefined subgroups were comparable between treatment groups.ConclusionsResults indicate that adults with CABP experienced comparable HRQoL improvements with lefamulin relative to moxifloxacin, and treatment with either agent resulted in returns to population norm HRQoL levels. These data suggest that lefamulin is a potential alternative to moxifloxacin for treatment of adults with CABP.
Low Serum Naproxen Concentrations Are Associated with Minimal Pain Relief: A Preliminary Study in Women with Dysmenorrhea
Authors: Oladosu Folabomi A , Tu Frank F , Garrison Ellen F , Dillane Katlyn E , Roth Genevieve E , Hellman Kevin M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective
Incomplete pain relief after administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is common, but it is unknown whether malabsorption or heightened metabolism contributes to NSAID resistance. To explain the etiology of NSAID resistance, we evaluated naproxen absorption and metabolism in relation to pain relief in a pilot study of women with dysmenorrhea.

Methods
During menses, participants completed before and after naproxen ingestion pain assessments. Analgesic effectiveness was calculated as a percent change in pain rating before and after naproxen administration. To evaluate the impact of malabsorption, the correlation between analgesic effectiveness and serum naproxen was analyzed. To identify whether hypermetabolism contributes to NSAID resistance, we also analyzed the metabolite O-desmethylnaproxen.

Results
Serum naproxen and O-desmethylnaproxen concentrations of the dysmenorrheic cohort (N = 23, 126 ± 10 µg/mL, 381 ± 56 ng/mL) and healthy controls (N = 12, 135 ± 8 µg/mL, 355 ± 58 ng/mL) were not significantly different (P &gt; 0.05), suggesting that menstrual pain does not affect drug absorption and metabolism. However, nine dysmenorrhea participants had levels of analgesic effectiveness &lt;30%. Among dysmenorrheic women, analgesic effectiveness was correlated with serum naproxen (r = 0.49, P = 0.019) and O-desmethylnaproxen (r = 0.45, P = 0.032) concentrations. After controlling for other gynecological diagnoses, a multivariate model analysis confirmed that lower serum naproxen concentrations were associated with reduced pain relief (P  = 0.038).

Conclusions
Our preliminary findings suggest that poor drug absorption contributes to ineffective pain relief in dysmenorrheic women. Future studies should explore whether malabsorption contributes to NSAID resistance for other pain conditions.
The Effectiveness of Stewardship Interventions to Reduce the Prescribing of Extended-Release Opioids for Acute Pain: A Systematic Review
Authors: Awadalla Rebecca , Gnjidic Danijela , Patanwala Asad , Sakiris Marissa , Penm Jonathan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of stewardship interventions in reducing the prescribing of extended-release opioids for acute pain.DesignSystematic review of randomized controlled trials, pre–post intervention studies, cohort studies and case–control studies.MethodsA search was conducted using Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and PsycINFO from inception to March 24, 2019. Search terms included opioids, interventions, extended-release, and acute pain. Included articles were original research articles outlining the impact of stewardship interventions on reducing the prescribing of extended-release opioids for acute pain.ResultsThe search resulted in 1,264 articles after the removal of duplicates. Of these, 141 full texts were assessed, with three eligible for inclusion. One additional article was obtained via a manual search. Three studies explored forcing function interventions; two included prior authorization policies, which saw decreases in extended-release/long-acting scripts by 18–36%, while another evaluated order restrictions producing increased adherence to guidelines by 36%. One study explored the impact of education targeting prescribers and patients through a risk mitigation and evaluation strategy, which decreased extended-release/long-acting quarterly script volumes by 4.3%. All studies were performed at system levels. Forcing function interventions decreased extended-release/long-acting prescriptions and increased adherence to guidelines to a greater extent than less restrictive interventions such as education.ConclusionsForcing function interventions implemented at system levels show promise in decreasing the prescribing of extended-release opioids for acute pain. The current lack of literature warrants future research to increase understanding of the effectiveness of such interventions.
Variation after K-projection in antisymmetrized molecular dynamics for low-energy dipole excitations in 10Be and 16O
Authors: Shikata Yuki , Kanada-En’yo Yoshiko 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A novel method of variation after $K$-projection is proposed to study dipole excitations in the framework of antisymmetrized molecular dynamics with the $\beta$-constraint. The method is applied to $^{10}$Be and $^{16}$O to describe low-energy dipole excitations. In the application to ${}^{10}\textrm{Be}$, two dipole states in the low-energy region are obtained. For ${}^{16}\textrm{O}$, the $1_1^-$ and $1_2^-$ states are obtained with remarkable dipole strength. The $1_1^-$ state is characterized by significant toroidal dipole (TD) strength and compressional dipole strength, whereas the $1_2^-$ state has significant TD strength and shows a developed $\alpha + {}^{12}\textrm{C}$ cluster structure. Dipole properties in $^{16}$O are discussed by analyzing the current densities of the dipole transitions.
Napping and cognitive performance during night shifts: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dutheil Frédéric , Bessonnat Brice , Pereira Bruno , Baker Julien S , Moustafa Fares , Fantini Maria Livia , Mermillod Martial , Navel Valentin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Study Objectives
To examine the benefits of napping during night shifts on cognitive performance.

Methods
Medline, Cochrane Library, Science direct, and Embase databases were searched up to July 1, 2019. Cognitive performance during night shifts, both before and following napping or under control conditions (no nap), in working-aged adults, were analyzed by time and by type of cognitive function (executive function, attention, instrumental function, and memory). Estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis.

Results
A total of 18 articles (6 in real-work and 12 in laboratory) with a total of 494 participants were included. The mean nap duration was 41.6 ± 28.3 min, occurring between 12.00 am and 4.10 am, with a mean time set at 2.12 am. Cognitive performance did not differ at baseline between the groups (effect size 0.02, 95% CI −0.09 to 0.13). There was an overall improvement in performance following a nap compared to the control condition without a nap (0.25, 0.10 to 0.41). Positioning naps early in the night and activity (simulated work tasks) tended to improve cognitive performance (−0.57, −1.16 to 0.002, and 0.082, −0.04 to 0.33, respectively). The improvements were primarily seen 30 min after awakening. Only memory deteriorated immediately after awakening without an overall change in global cognitive performance.

Conclusion
Napping during night shifts seems to improve cognitive performance. Napping early in the night and activity may benefit cognitive performance over time. Considering lack of data in real work environments, further studies are warranted before preconizing napping during night shifts as a preventive strategy (safety, health, and economic outcomes).
Austrian Supreme Constitutional Court opens door for a better tax treatment of dissolutions of Austrian Private Foundations
Authors: Petritz Michael 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In practice, Austrian Private Foundations are often simply not dissolved due to the fact that the whole amount of the assets (calculated upon their acquisition by the founder—and not on the basis of their value upon contribution to the foundation) are subject to a distribution tax to the amount of 27.5%. The Austrian Supreme Court has recently issued a decision which could put this issue at ease.
Content analysis of behavior change techniques in maternal and infant health apps
Authors: Biviji Rizwana , Vest Joshua R , Dixon Brian E , Cullen Theresa , Harle Christopher A 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMaternal and infant health (MIH) mobile applications (apps) are increasingly popular and frequently used for health education and decision making. Interventions grounded in theory-based behavior change techniques (BCTs) are shown to be effective in promoting healthy behavior changes. MIH apps have the potential to be useful tools, yet the extent to which they incorporate BCTs is still unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the presence of BCTs in popular MIH apps available in the Apple App and Google Play stores. Twenty-nine popular MIH apps were coded for the presence of 16 BCTs using the mHealth app taxonomy. Popular MIH apps whose purpose was to provide health education or decision-making support to pregnant women or parents/caregivers of infants were included in the final sample. On an average, the reviewed apps included seven BCTs (range 2–16). Techniques such as personalization, review of general or specific goals, macro tailoring, self-monitoring of goals, and health behavior linkages were most frequently present. No differences in the presence of BCTs between paid and free apps were observed. Popular MIH apps typically included only a minority of BCTs found to be useful for health promotion. However, apps developed by healthcare developers incorporated a higher number of BCTs within the app content. Therefore, app developers and policymakers may consider strategies to increase health expert involvement in app design and content delivery.
Epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of influenza B virus in coastal Kenya as revealed by genomic analysis of strains sampled over a single season
Authors: Nyasimi Festus M , Owuor David Collins , Ngoi Joyce M , Mwihuri Alexander G , Otieno Grieven P , Otieno James R , Githinji George , Nyiro Joyce U , Nokes David James , Agoti Charles N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The genomic epidemiology of influenza B virus (IBV) remains understudied in Africa despite significance to design of effective local and global control strategies. We undertook surveillance throughout 2016 in coastal Kenya, recruiting individuals presenting with acute respiratory illness at nine outpatient health facilities (any age) or admitted to the Kilifi County Hospital (&lt;5 years old). Whole genomes were sequenced for a selected 111 positives; 94 (84.7%) of B/Victoria lineage and 17 (15.3%) of B/Yamagata lineage. Inter-lineage reassortment was detected in ten viruses; nine with B/Yamagata backbone but B/Victoria NA and NP segments and one with a B/Victoria backbone but B/Yamagata PB2, PB1, PA, and MP segments. Five phylogenomic clusters were identified among the sequenced viruses; (i), pure B/Victoria clade 1A (n = 93, 83.8%), (ii), reassortant B/Victoria clade 1A (n = 1, 0.9%), (iii), pure B/Yamagata clade 2 (n = 2, 1.8%), (iv), pure B/Yamagata clade 3 (n = 6, 5.4%), and (v), reassortant B/Yamagata clade 3 (n = 9, 8.1%). Using divergence dates and clustering patterns in the presence of global background sequences, we counted up to twenty-nine independent IBV strain introductions into the study area (∼900 km2) in 2016. Local viruses, including the reassortant B/Yamagata strains, clustered closely with viruses from neighbouring Tanzania and Uganda. Our study demonstrated that genomic analysis provides a clearer picture of locally circulating IBV diversity. The high number of IBV introductions highlights the challenge in controlling local influenza epidemics by targeted approaches, for example, sub-population vaccination or patient quarantine. The finding of divergent IBV strains co-circulating within a single season emphasises why broad immunity vaccines are the most ideal for influenza control in Kenya.
Better Policies from Policy-Selective Aid?
Authors: Annen Kurt , Knack Stephen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The increased policy selectivity of aid allocations observed in recent years provides aid-recipient countries with an incentive to improve policies. The paper estimates that a change in the World Bank’s Country Policy and Institutional Assessment policy index from 1.5 to 2 for a recipient is associated with an increase of about 13 percent in aid. The analysis also finds a modest but statistically significant positive relationship between the global level of policy-selective aid and policy, suggesting that policy-selective aid improves policies in aid-recipient countries. This effect is properly identified, as the level of policy-selective aid in the global aid budget is exogenous to a recipient country’s policy choice. Furthermore, the paper provides a game-theoretic model that establishes the link between the policy selectivity of the global budget and better recipient-country policies in equilibrium.