bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting attitudes toward migrants—An evolutionary approach
Authors: Schahbasi Alexander , Huber Susanne , Fieder Martin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo understand migration from an evolutionary perspective, this phenomenon has so far been mainly investigated in animal species. We therefore aim to investigate the potential evolutionary roots of attitudes toward migrants in humans.MethodsWe used data from the European Social Survey (n = 83 734), analyzing attitudes toward migrants by performing ordinal mixed models.ResultsWe found that men have a more restrictive attitude toward migration than women, which increases with age and is stronger with a child in the household. Attitude toward migrants is also more skeptical if migrants have a different ethnicity and are from poorer countries. Increasing education and religiousness are associated with a more positive attitude toward migrants, particularly toward migrants of different ethnicity and from poorer countries.DiscussionAlthough migration flows are a hallmark of the human species, previous findings suggest that (pre‐)historic migration flows were at times accompanied by conflict and violence, while at the same time, they insured survival by allowing cultural exchange and the avoidance of inbreeding. Accordingly, we assume that contemporary attitudes toward migration are rooted in our evolutionary past. We discuss the respective behavioral patterns from an evolutionary perspective, arguing that both—a negative attitude as well as openness—make sense.
Fortification of Skim Milk with Nanoliposomes Loaded with Shrimp Oil: Properties and Storage Stability
Authors: Gulzar Saqib , Benjakul Soottawat 
Published: May 2020

AbstractShrimp oil nanoliposomes (SONL) were fortified into skim milk at various levels (2–10%, v/v), followed by pasteurization at 63 °C for 30 min. Skim milk showed lowered whiteness but increased redness and yellowness as SONL levels added increased (P < 0.05). Viscosity of fortified samples was also augmented with increasing levels of SONL (P < 0.05). Sensory analysis indicated that fortified milk skim samples had no perceivable fishy odor and were organoleptically acceptable. When skim milk fortified with 10% SONL was stored up to 15 days at 4 °C, the microbial load was less than 2.54 log CFU mL−1. The pH and acidity values were also within the acceptable limits. As measured by peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), shrimp oil in SONL did not undergo oxidation during the extended storage. The fatty acid profile of shrimp oil revealed no loss of polyunsaturated fatty acids taken place during the storage of fortified milk. Therefore, nanoliposomes could be an effective carrier for shrimp oil to be fortified in skim milk.
Improving the toughness of polycyanate ester by adding epoxy pre‐polymer with different molecular weights
Authors: Huang Jianguang , Li Peng , Hu Weihong , Du Ruikui , Zhao Guizhe , Wang Zhi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe toughness of polycyanate ester is improved by adding epoxy pre‐polymer with varying molecular weights. The curing mechanism of epoxy prepolymer (PreEP) and cyanate ester (CE) is discussed based on differential scanning calorimeters and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. The mechanical, phase separated structures and thermal properties of PreEP/CE are also evaluated. It is found that the molecular weight of PreEP can reach 1,800 when it is cured at 90°C for 45 min by using a set amount of polyetheramine. Meanwhile, by increasing the molecular weight of the prepolymer, the mechanical properties of PreEP/CE show increased first, and then decreased. 0.2 PreEP/CE has the highest bending strength and impact strength (105.8 MPa and 18.3 kJ·m−2). There are 26.7 and 114.5% higher than those of polycyanate ester, respectively. The tougher PreEP/CE is attributable to the phase‐separated structures and the decrease in the cross‐linked product (Oxazolidinone) in PreEP and CE. The method showed in this article provides a new way to improve the toughness properties of thermoset resin.
Construction of an in situ interfacial layer for aramid fiber reinforced styrene butadiene rubber composites
Authors: Zhong Jincheng , Luo Zhu , Yang Le , Sheng Xiang , Li Xiaolong , Yin Lianpeng , Yang Bo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this work, the in situ interface layer composite was prepared by using the coating agent dispersion. Aramid fiber (AF) was modified with lithium chloride aqueous solution, and then coated with the blends of a low‐molecular weight maleated polybutadiene liquid rubber (MLPB), the epoxy resin (E51), and 2‐ethyl‐4‐methylimidazole (2E4MZ). The in situ interface layer was formed via the reaction of epoxy group with anhydride group in the presence of the accelerator 2E4MZ and covulcanization of MLPB with styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) in the process of preparing vulcanized AF reinforced SBR. It can be seen from analysis of scanning electronic microscopy, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared, and thermogravimetric analysis that the in situ interfacial layer was a uniform and dense interfacial layer on the fiber surface and was not be destroyed during processing. The results of the dynamic mechanical analysis and mechanical properties showed that the in situ interface layer formed in processing had higher flexibility and better integrity than the interface layer prepared before processing, which is favorable for stress relaxation, and the in situ interface layer imparts better tensile strength and tear strength to the composite. The 100% modulus of composites with in situ interface layers was 14.6% higher than that of composites prepared without uncoated AF.
DNA–RNA complementation on silicon wafer for thyroid cancer determination
Authors: Gopinath Subash C.B. , Xuan Shijin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOne of the current issues with thyroid tumor is early diagnosis as it makes the higher possibility of curing. This research was focused to detect and quantify the level of specific target sequence complementation of miR‐222 with capture DNA sequence on interdigitated electrode (IDE) sensor. The aluminum electrode with the gap and finger sizes of 10 µm was fabricated on silicon wafer, further the surface was amine‐functionalized for accommodating carboxylated‐DNA probe. With DNA‐target RNA complementation, the detection limit was attained to be 1 fM as estimated by a linear regression analysis [y = 1.5325x ‐ 2.1171 R² = 0.9065] and the sensitivity was at the similar level. Current responses were higher by increasing the target RNA sequence concentrations. Control experiments with mismatched/noncomplementary sequences were failed to complement the capture DNA sequence immobilized on IDE, indicating the specific target validation. This research helps diagnosing and identifying the progression with thyroid tumor and miRNA being a potential “marker” in atypia diagnosis.
A blueprint for general‐case procedures illustrated by teaching adolescents with autism spectrum disorder to use a chip‐debit card
Authors: Milata Eileen M. , Reeve Sharon A. , Reeve Kenneth F. , Dickson Chata A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIndividuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often respond poorly to novel stimulus combinations and may have difficulty discriminating across critical and noncritical stimulus dimensions without direct teaching. General‐case procedures and multiple‐exemplar training have been effectively used to address this deficit. In the current study, the experimenters outlined general‐case procedures with video modeling, prompting and reinforcement to teach three adolescents with ASD a generalized repertoire of using a chip‐debit card. A multiple‐probe across participants design demonstrated the effectiveness of these procedures. All participants acquired the skill, responding generalized from simulated teaching materials to four novel automatic payment machines, and maintained 4 weeks following teaching. Implications of using these general‐case procedures as a blueprint for future researchers to reference when teaching individuals with ASD a generalized repertoire of any skill are discussed.
Investigation of Plasma cell‐free cancer genome chromosomal instability as a tool for targeted minimally invasive biomarkers for primary liver cancer diagnoses
Authors: Feng Shuang , Ding Zhiwen , Wang Jin , Qian Ziliang , Li Shanshan , Zhang Cunzhen , Xin Haibei , Liu Shupeng , Ding Guanghui , Hu Minggen , Meng Yan , Li Nan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeTo characterize plasma cell‐free cancer genome chromosomal instabilities (CIN) in patients with liver cancer and to evaluate the potential of CIN as minimally invasive biomarkers for primary liver cancer (PLC) diagnoses.Experimental DesignWe collected 196 plasma samples from 172 individuals in two cohorts, a discovery cohort of surgery ineligible PLC patients and a validation cohort of hepatectomy patients with pathological disease confirmations. All samples were subjected to HiSeq X10 sequencing followed by a customized bioinformatics workflow Ultrasensitive Chromosome Aneuploidy Detection (UCAD).ResultsIn the discovery cohort, 29 significant copy number changes were identified in plasma from surgery‐ineligible PLC. Twenty‐two (95.7%) surgery‐ineligible liver cancers were identified as harboring copy number changes in at least 1 of 29 segments. Meanwhile 40/41 (97.6%) noncancers harbored no changes. In the validation cohort, 54 (69.4%) surgery‐eligible liver cancers were identified with positive screening, all of which were subsequently confirmed as cancer by pathological examination. Moreover, 26/27 = 96.3% noncancers were identified with negative screening. UCAD‐positive screening was significantly associated with microvascular invasion (OR > 10, 95% CI:[2.53,]), tumor stages B and C (OR = 8.59, 95% CI [1.07, 400]), and tumor size ≥ 3 cm (OR = 5.68, 95% CI [1.43, 28.1]). Furthermore, we collected 29 followed‐up plasma samples from 19 postsurgery patients. Nine (31.0%) postsurgery samples from 6 (31.5%) patients were identified with positive screening. Among them, 3 patients (50.0%) with positive screening were then confirmed as having disease recurrences.ConclusionsIn addition to AFP, plasma cell‐free DNA sequencing is a useful tool for primary liver cancer diagnoses.
Novel recombinant coxsackievirus B3 with genetically inserted basic peptide elicits robust antitumor activity against lung cancer
Authors: Cai Ligang , Liu Zhiyi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCancer therapy that utilizes oncolytic virus may offer an exciting alternative, and coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is a potent oncolytic virus. This study was to assess the oncolytic activities of novel recombinant CVB3 with genetically inserted basic peptides in lung cancer. Recombinant CVB3 was produced in Vero cells, with or without genetically inserted basic peptides. In vitro and in vivo experiments with nude mouse models bearing human lung carcinoma xenografts were performed to examine the antitumor activities. Cytokines and immune responses to the recombinant CVB3 were determined in cynomolgus monkeys. Recombinant CVB3 with genetically inserted basic peptides was associated with significantly higher pH values within tumors. Mice treated with recombinant CVB3 showed significantly less tumor progression, and recombinant CVB3 with genetically inserted basic peptides appeared to enhance tumor suppression. Recombinant CVB3 was associated with significantly less proliferation of various lung cancer cells without affecting proliferation of normal lung fibroblasts. The cytokine profiles of the cynomolgus monkeys were comparable among control group (normal saline solution) and those given recombinant CVB3 with or without fused basic peptides, with no induction of excessive cytokine or immune responses. In conclusions, recombinant CVB3, especially those with fused basic peptides, possess strong antitumor activities without eliciting excessive immune responses.
Circulating activated lymphocyte subsets as potential blood biomarkers of cancer progression
Authors: Wang Ying‐Yi , Zhou Na , Liu Hong‐sheng , Gong Xiao‐Lei , Zhu Rui , Li Xiao‐Yuan , Sun Zhao , Zong Xu‐Hong , Li Ning‐Ning , Meng Chang‐Ting , Bai Chun‐Mei , Li Tai‐Sheng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to predict the value of lymphocyte subsets in cancer progression. Peripheral blood was obtained from 327 untreated patients with cancer and 158 healthy volunteers. Levels of lymphocyte subsets were determined by flow cytometry. There were decreased levels of natural killer (NK) cells, CD8+ T cells, and naïve CD4+/CD4+ T cells in untreated patients with cancer compared to those in healthy controls. Inversely, there were elevated levels of the following T‐cell percentages in cancer patients compared to those in healthy controls: memory CD4+/CD4+, CD8+ T cells, HLA‐DR/CD8+, CD8+ CD38+/CD8+, and CD4+/CD8+. In addition, there are a decreasing trend in terms of CD4+ T‐cell counts and an increase CD8+ HLA‐DR/CD8+ T‐cell and CD8+ CD38+/CD8+ T‐cell percentages in the advanced stage. An increasing trend with advanced tumor stage and the percentages of CD8+ HLA‐DR/CD8+ T cells and CD8+ CD38+/CD8+ T cells was shown in this study. There are a negative correlation for CD4+ T‐cell counts and positive correlation for percentages of CD8+ HLA‐DR/CD8+ T cell and CD8+ CD38+/CD8+ T cells with the lymph node metastasis. In the presence of distant metastatic spread, we observed higher NK‐cell counts, CD8+ HLA‐DR/CD8+ T‐cell percentages, CD8+ CD38+/CD8+ T‐cell percentages, as well as lower CD4+ T‐cell counts than those in the absence of distant metastases spread. Abnormal levels of NK cell, CD8+ T cells, memory CD4+/CD4+, naïve CD4+/ CD4+, CD8+ HLA‐DR/CD8+, CD8+ CD38+/CD8+, and CD4+/CD8+ can be a potential blood biomarkers of cancer development. CD4+ T‐cell counts and percentages of CD8+ HLA‐DR/ CD8+ and CD8+ CD38+/ CD8+ can predict the cancer progression.
Phytochemical Profiles and Antioxidant Activity of Rehmannia glutinosa from Different Production Locations
Authors: Liu Wei , Yin Dong‐Xue , Zhang Tong , Qiao Qi , Yang Yue‐Qin , Wang Wen‐Lu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe chemical components and antioxidant activity of 16 Rehmannia glutinosa samples were investigated to reveal the high‐quality raw resource for pharmaceutical products. 22 main chemical components were detected with significant content differences (P<0.05). The contents of 14 substances reached the maximum in S1 sample such as catalpol (6.74 mg g−1), rehmaionoside A (1.93 mg g−1) and rehmannioside D (5.13 mg g−1). However, the content distribution of the other eight substances had no obvious change regulation. Three antioxidant evaluation methods commonly showed that S1 sample had strong antioxidant activity with a low IC50 value of 0.022 mg mL−1, a high ABTS value of 524.196 μmol equiv. Trolox g−1, and a high FRAP value of 200.517 μmol equiv. Trolox g−1. Considered the medicinal value, S1 had high quality based on the present phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activity. These results also indicated that the root extracts of R. glutinosa could become useful supplement for pharmaceutical products as new antioxidant agents.
Catalytically Active Co−Nx Species Stabilized on Nitrogen‐doped Porous Carbon for Efficient Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation of N‐heteroarenes
Authors: Xu Dan , Zhao Hong , Dong Zhengping , Ma Jiantai 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe development of bifunctional, highly active and stable non‐noble‐metal catalysts is important for synthetic chemistry. In this study, a highly dispersed Co catalyst stabilized on the mesoporous N‐doped carbon layers was prepared by adsorption and pyrolysis of cobalt complex on dendritic fibrous silica nanospheres (KCC‐1@Co−N−C−T). The characterizations of HAADF‐STEM, XRD and XPS together with the KSCN poisoning tests determine the absence of Co0 or CoOx nanoparticles and suggest that the Co−Nx species are the active sites. The formation of Co−Nx species results from the properties of N‐rich cobalt‐phenanthroline complex and dendritic fibrous silica supports, increasing the original spatial distance between Co atoms and thus preventing them from aggregation. The KCC‐1@Co−N−C‐800 catalyst showed excellent activity and selectivity for the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of saturated N‐heterocycles and base‐free catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) of unsaturated N‐heterocycles.
Microwave‐Assisted Esterification of Oleic Acid Using an Ionic Liquid Catalyst
Authors: Bölük Servet , Sönmez Özgür 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe combination of 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([Bmim]HSO4) ionic liquid (IL) and microwave heating was used to esterify oleic acid as a green approach in biodiesel synthesis. To compare the heating systems, conventional heating and the ultrasonic method were employed but the microwave method was found to be more effective. H2SO4 and 1‐methyl imidazole hydrogen sulfate ([Hmim]HSO4) were also used in the esterification of oleic acid and their catalytic activities were compared to that of [Bmim]HSO4. ILs provided some advantages such as reusability, easy recyclability, and very stable activity. There was only a small decrease in the catalytic activity of [Bmim]HSO4 after four successive applications, which means that ILs can be reused, contrary to homogeneous catalysts. The combination of IL catalysts and microwave irradiation proved to be a potential alternative method for biodiesel production.
Effective Removal and Mineralization of 8‐Hydroxyquinoline‐5‐sulfonic Acid through a Pressurized Electro‐Fenton‐like Process with Ni−Cu−Al Layered Double Hydroxide
Authors: Hamdi Najwa , Proietto Federica , Ben Amor Hédi , Galia Alessandro , Inguanta Rosalinda , Ammar Salah , Gadri Abdellatif , Scialdone Onofrio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNi−Cu−Al layered double hydroxide (Ni−Cu−Al LDH) was proposed as an electro‐Fenton‐like catalyst for 8‐hydroxyquinoline‐5‐sulfonic acid (8‐HQS) removal in water. The properties of the prepared catalysts were characterized by using X‐ray, SEM and EDAX analyses. The effect of numerous operative parameters on the removal of 8‐HQS and total organic carbon (TOC) was studied. Very high level removal of both 8‐HQS and TOC (87 and 79 %, respectively) were obtained by using a pressurized electro‐Fenton‐like process (PrEFL‐LDH) at P=10 bars, using a Ti/IrO2‐Ta2O5 anode for 6 h. The process presented good performances in a large range of pH (3–10) and gave better removals of 8‐HQS and TOC with respect to that achieved by both i) EF catalyzed by homogeneous (FeSO4) or natural heterogeneous catalysts (pyrite and chalcopyrite) and ii) anodic oxidation at a boron doped diamond anode. Ni−Cu−Al LDH retained its catalytic activity after four cycles. Moreover, the carboxylic acid intermediates were identified and analyzed by HPLC.
Bent Benzocoumarin Dyes that Fluoresce in Solution and in Solid State and Their Application to Bioimaging
Authors: Dai Mingchong , Sarkar Sourav , Song Chang Wook , Reo Ye Jin , Yang Yun Jae , Ahn Kyo Han 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOrganic fluorophores are essential in microscopic imaging of biological systems. New fluorophores with distinct features are in demand for bioimaging. Herein we report new bent benzocoumarin dyes that are fluorescent both in solution and in the solid state. The latter property enables us to form fluorescent nanoparticles with a mean size of 120–157 nm or larger depending on conditions. Some of the new dyes provide bright fluorescent images in cell, with formation of particulate spots that persist even after several washout procedures, and, furthermore, in tissue under two‐photon excitation at 900 nm. Such dyes have potential for the development of fluorescent probes for enhanced cellular fluorescence.
What impact do countries have on levels of sustainability assurance? A complementary‐substitutive perspective
Authors: Ruiz‐Barbadillo Emiliano , Martínez‐Ferrero Jennifer 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper focuses on levels of sustainability assurance and the impact countries have on them. The level, the “how” aspect, indicates the nature and extent of the work performed by practitioners and, therefore, the degree of confidence that stakeholders should have in the assured sustainability report. This paper examines how country factors influence the level of assurance of sustainability reports—limited/moderate vs. reasonable/high assurance—from a complementary and substitutive perspective. The paper proposes a regression model in which countries differ not only in how they protect stakeholders but also in their legal public enforcement. For a sample of international firms for the period 2007–2016, the paper's evidence supports the idea that a reasonable/high level of assurance is provided in the assurance statements of firms that operate in countries with systems orientated towards improving sustainability transparency—complementary mechanism—and lower levels of public enforcement—substitute mechanism.
Anther‐smut fungi from more contaminated sites in Chernobyl show lower infection ability and lower viability following experimental irradiation
Authors: Arnaise Sylvie , Shykoff Jacqui A. , Møller Anders P. , Mousseau Timothy A. , Giraud Tatiana 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe long‐term contamination that followed the nuclear disaster at Chernobyl provides a case study for the effects of chronic ionizing radiation on living organisms and on their ability to tolerate or evolve resistance to such radiation. Previously, we studied the fertility and viability of early developmental stages of a castrating plant pathogen, the anther‐smut fungus Microbotryum lychnidis‐dioicae, isolated from field sites varying over 700‐fold in degree of radioactive contamination. Neither the budding rate of haploid spores following meiosis nor the karyotype structure varied with increasing radiation levels at sampling sites. Here, we assessed the ability of the same M. lychnidis‐dioicae strains to perform their whole life cycle, up to the production of symptoms in the plants, that is, the development of anthers full of fungal spores; we also assessed their viability under experimental radiation. Fungal strains from more contaminated sites had no lower spore numbers in anthers or viability, but infected host plants less well, indicating lower overall fitness due to radioactivity exposure. These findings improve our understanding of the previous field data, in which the anther‐smut disease prevalence on Silene latifolia plants caused by M. lychnidis‐dioicae was lower at more contaminated sites. Although the fungus showed relatively high resistance to experimental radiation, we found no evidence that increased resistance to radiation has evolved in populations from contaminated sites. Fungal strains from more contaminated sites even tolerated or repaired damage from a brief acute exposure to γ radiation less well than those from non‐ or less contaminated sites. Our results more generally concur with previous studies in showing that the fitness of living organisms is affected by radiation after nuclear disasters, but that they do not rapidly evolve higher tolerance.