bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epicardial adipose tissue and atrial fibrillation: Possible mechanisms, potential therapies, and future directions
Authors: Zhou Mengmeng , Wang Hao , Chen Jindong , Zhao Liang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObesity plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF). Recently, rather than general fat distribution, epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) gains a growing concern. EAT is the local adipose deposition between myocardium and pericardium. Accumulated evidence revealed several distinguishing characteristics of EAT. It lies contiguously with the myocardium and could infiltration into myocardium, actively secrets cytokines and adipokines mediating inflammation or remodeling, and contains abundant ganglionated plexi. Clinical research also found EAT may be an independent risk factor of AF. Volume or thickness of EAT measured on CT or MRI could be applied as a predictor of presence, severity, and recurrence of AF. Some drugs, like antidiabetic drugs and lipid‐lowing drugs, show ability to reduce EAT. Additional surgical ablation of EAT was also proved that it could improve outcome of pulmonary vein isolation for AF. In present review, we summarize recent epidemic, biological, and clinical findings about EAT and its possible role in AF.
Variants of accessory pathways
Authors: Hoffmayer Kurt S. , Han Frederick T. , Singh David , Scheinman Melvin M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractVariant accessory pathways include atriofascicular, nodofascicular, nodoventricular, atrio‐Hisian, and fasciculoventricular pathways. Atriofascicular pathways are the most common with others occurring rarely. The anatomical descriptions, electrocardiographic findings, electrophysiologic findings, and clincial manifestations are discussed.
Role of basidiomycete fungi in the grapevine trunk disease esca
Authors: Brown A. A. , Lawrence D. P. , Baumgartner K. 
Published: November 2019

Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and wood‐rotting basidiomycete fungi, namely Fomitiporia spp., are known esca pathogens. However, the effect of their mixed infections and the sequence of infection on disease development is unclear. To determine the effects of single and co‐inoculations on symptoms, potted Vitis vinifera ‘Crimson Seedless’ was inoculated with P. chlamydospora either alone or in combination with one of four basidiomycetes: Coprinellus radians, Fomitiporia langloisii, F. polymorpha and the novel species Tropicoporus texanus. Basidiomycetes were isolated from vines with foliar symptoms of esca in California and Texas. In sequential co‐inoculations, the effects of different sequences of infection (P. chlamydospora first, basidiomycete 6 months later; and vice versa) were tested, compared to simultaneous co‐inoculations. Plants inoculated with P. chlamydospora either alone or in combination with a basidiomycete (in any sequence) did not differ significantly in the length of black‐streaking lesions. In plants inoculated only with a basidiomycete, the appearance of large brown lesions, coupled with the absence of this wood symptom from control plants, suggests that C. radians, F. langloisii and T. texanus are pathogenic. Foliar symptoms resembling those of esca in the field (marginal and/or interveinal scorching, combined with red and/or yellow discoloration) were statistically more frequent among plants inoculated with F. polymorpha or T. texanus, either simultaneously or following P. chlamydospora, compared to single inoculations. Sequential co‐inoculations of a basidiomycete before or after P. chlamydospora were associated with similar lesion lengths, suggesting that basidiomycetes may not require infection by P. chlamydospora in order to extensively colonize the wood.
Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury‐Related Differences in the Experience of Negative and Positive Emotion
Authors: Boyes Mark E. , Wilmot Adrienne , Hasking Penelope A. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveEmotional experience is argued to contribute to the initiation and maintenance of nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI). We investigated whether individuals with/without a history of NSSI differed in their dispositional experience of negative and positive emotion, as well as their state responses to negatively and positively valenced movie clips.MethodUndergraduates (n = 214, Mage = 21.33, 73.8% female, 35.5% reporting NSSI) completed measures of NSSI and dispositional emotional experience. Participants also viewed a sad and amusing movie clip and provided sadness/amusement ratings at seven time‐points.ResultsRelative to participants with no history of self‐injury, participants reporting NSSI indicated more reactivity, intensity, and perseveration of dispositional negative emotion; however, differences were negated after adjusting for mental illness. Unexpectedly, individuals with a history of NSSI responded less intensely to the sad clip, although they demonstrated perseveration of sadness over time. Participants reporting NSSI also indicated less reactivity, intensity, and perseveration of dispositional positive emotion and, in response to the amusing film, reported less amusement at all time‐points.ConclusionsConsidering different dimensions of negative and positive emotion may enhance understanding of NSSI. Future research should disentangle which dimensions of emotional experience are unique to NSSI and which are shared with mental illness more generally.
Practices of Food Sovereignty in Italy and England: Short Food Supply Chains and the Promise of De‐Commodification
Authors: Matacena Raffaele , Corvo Paolo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAlternative food networks are organisations of consumers and food producers that oversee and promote the functioning of short food supply chains, with the aim of fostering a direct and local exchange between producers and consumers. New short‐chain economic infrastructures provide food producers – especially small‐scale farmers – with a whole new set of commercial opportunities, directed towards the construction of an alternative food economy. But how does value circulate within these innovative economic platforms? And what values are debated, negotiated and exchanged through these circuits? Employing the analytical lenses of de‐commodification and embeddedness, this article discusses the modalities and outcomes of the processes of value‐creation and value‐appropriation that spring out of the direct exchange occurring between consumers and food producers in the alternative food economy. Based on empirical data collected through extensive qualitative field research in Italy and England, the article exposes the dynamics and limits of the on‐going processes of de‐commodification, proposing an analysis centred on the concept of ‘partial’ de‐commodification. This conceptual tool is used to assess the differences that emerged between the Italian and English fields, and to provide conclusive remarks about the potential of place‐ and culture‐specific configurations of practices to advance a transformation of the food system.
Inline extracorporeal photopheresis: evaluation of cell collection efficiency
Authors: Piccirillo Nicola , Putzulu Rossana , Massini Giuseppina , Di Giovanni Alessia , Chiusolo Patrizia , Sica Simona , Zini Gina 
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUNDExtracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) therapy has proved to be an effective and safe treatment for graft‐versus‐host‐disease (GvHD), an important complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In 2016, we acquired Therakos CellEx, a dedicated inline ECP device to accomplish a significant increase in ECP activity. In literature, we found few data reporting CellEx performance evaluated in terms of collection efficiency to qualify the device.Hence, we decided to collect and analyze our data in order to build a reference in terms of expected results of the procedure. Here we report our data of ECP performed using CellEx in a 12‐month period focusing on collection efficiency assessment, as well as procedural and apheretic product characteristics.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe collected data of patients undergoing ECP from April 2018 to March 2019 using CellEx in order to evaluate collection efficiency.RESULTSBetween April 2018 and March 2019 we treated 28 adult patients affected by GvHD performing 319 ECP using CellEx. CellEx mononuclear cell product was characterized by high mononuclear cell percentage and low percentage of granulocytes, resulting particularly suitable for ECP treatments. Median collection efficiency for total nucleated cells and for mononuclear cells was 31.2% and 62.3%, respectively.CONCLUSIONCollection efficiency of CellEx was comparable to that usually obtained by cell separators designed for cell collection and was comparable to that of offline systems. Our results provide a detailed performance evaluation for inline ECP system users.
Cover Image, Volume 17, Issue 4
Authors: Church Molly E. , Veluvolu Sridhar M. , Durham Amy C. , Woolard Kevin D. 
Published: November 2019

The cover image is based on the SHORT COMMUNICATION Clinical outcomes, ultrastructure and immunohistochemical features of canine high‐grade olfactory neuroblastoma by Molly E. Church et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/vco.12512.
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Mechanical resistance of granular activated carbon media in drinking water treatment
Authors: Philibert Marc , Zacchi Calini Moser , Pottier Christian , Sacareau Damien , Baudin Isabelle 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOrganic microcontaminants in resources are a major issue for drinking water treatment plants and granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption is one of the preferred treatment units used for their removal. GAC particles are small, abrasive and generally have irregular angular shapes. The combination of the particles’ characteristics and GAC filters operations leads to a risk of material loss through abrasion between the particles. Mechanical resistance characterization methods were applied to 14 commercially available GAC products, both new and used as well as reactivated, and concluded that commercially available GACs do not present a high risk of material loss though erosion is expected to be continuous throughout the filter’s life. The evaluation of the reactivation step showed that it had a significant impact on the parameters to evaluate the mechanical resistance of the GAC but did not result in an increased erosion of the material in operation.
Distribution pattern and radiation of the European subterranean genusVerhoeffiella(Collembola, Entomobryidae)
Authors: Lukić Marko , Delić Teo , Pavlek Martina , Deharveng Louis , Zagmajster Maja 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOne of the most striking features of obligate subterranean species is their narrow distribution ranges. These prevail not only at specific, but often also at generic level. However, some subterranean genera have continental scale and disjunct distribution, which challenges their monophyly and questions the scenarios of their origin and colonization. In our study, we investigated the subterranean collembolan genusVerhoeffiella, currently known from five remote karst regions of Europe. Four nuclear and one mitochondrial genes were assembled to reveal the evolutionary history of the genus. We tested the monophyly of the genus, explored its relationship with putative surface relatives, and its temporal patterns of molecular diversification. The phylogeny revealed a complex relationship ofVerhoeffiellawith surface speciesHeteromurus nitidusand partially disentangled the biogeographical question of its disjunct distribution. Further on, several lineages ofVerhoeffiellawere recognized in the Dinarides, showing highly underestimated diversity and, compared with the number of described species, a sevenfold increase in the number of MOTUs. The radiation is relatively recent, with the events triggering the diversification linked to the Messinian salinity crisis and Pleistocene climatic shifts. The combination of this extensive subterranean radiation and close evolutionary links with epigean relatives makesVerhoeffiellaan exceptional case within the subterranean fauna of temperate areas, which significantly contributes to our understanding of subterranean colonization and diversification patterns.
Geochemistry and origin of zircon in chlorite schists of the Ronda peridotites (Betic Cordilleras, southern Spain)
Authors: Esteban J.J. , Cuevas J. , Tubía J.M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis work deals with scarce chlorite schists scattered through the Ronda peridotites (Betic Cordilleras, Spain). These schists have unusually high zircon contents, which contrast with the usual lack of this mineral in ultramafic rocks. From field data and detailed petrographic, geochemical, and geothermometric studies, we focused on the origin of the zircon, a relevant issue for the interpretation of geochronological results. The chlorite schists appear as concordant sheets with granite dikes and as blackwall zones between dikes and serpentinized peridotites. As the intrusion age of the dikes and chlorite schist zircon crystallization (ca. 22 Ma) is slightly older than the age of serpentinization and related chlorite schist formation (ca. 19 Ma), we propose that the chlorite schists are tied to the intrusion of the granite dikes and the subsequent serpentinization of peridotites. Trace and rare earth elements alone are not indicative of the magmatic or hydrothermal origin of the zircon, but the combination of information about zircon morphology, melt inclusions, geothermometry, and the structural relationships between granite dikes and chlorite schists points to late magmatic melts for the zircon origin. We suggest that high-temperature melts saturated in F and Cl acted as Zr carriers under low-pH conditions. A change of the pH conditions, due to hydrothermal alkaline fluids incoming for the concomitant peridotite serpentinization, would have led to zircon crystallization and concentration at the apical zones of the dikes, and to rodingitization before the extensive observed chloritization.
Ages and geochemistry of Early Jurassic granitoids in the Lesser Xing’an–Zhangguangcai Ranges, NE China: Petrogenesis and tectonic implications
Authors: Ge Mao-Hui , Zhang Jin-Jiang , Li Long , Liu Kai 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Early Jurassic granitoids are widespread in the Lesser Xing’an–Zhangguangcai Ranges, providing excellent targets to understand the late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic tectonic framework and evolution of Northeast China, especially the Jiamusi block and its related structural belts. In this paper, we present new geochronological, geochemical, and isotopic data from the granitoids in the Lesser Xing’an–Zhangguangcai Ranges to constrain the early Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the Mudanjiang Ocean between the Jiamusi and Songnen blocks. Our results show that the granitic intrusions in the Lesser Xing’an–Zhangguangcai Ranges are mainly composed of syenogranite, monzogranite, granodiorite, and tonalite, which have crystallization ages from 196 to 181 Ma. Their geochemical features indicate that these Jurassic intrusions are all high-K calc-alkaline I-type granites with metaluminous to weakly peraluminous compositions. These granitoids are characterized by enrichments in large ion lithophile elements (e.g., Ba, Th, U) and light rare earth elements and depletions in high field strength elements (e.g., Nb and Ta) and heavy rare earth elements, which are typical for continental arc–type granites. The sources of these granitoids were likely derived from juvenile Mesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic crustal materials (e.g., metabasaltic rocks). Integrated with data from regional coeval magmatism, metamorphism, metallogeny, and structure, our new data suggest that the granitoids in the Lesser Xing’an–Zhangguangcai Ranges were probably formed in an active continental margin setting, which fits well in our previous model of Early Jurassic westward subduction of the Mudanjiang Ocean between the Jiamusi and Songnen blocks.
Experiences of elderly patients regarding participation in their hospital discharge: a qualitative metasummary
Authors: Lilleheie Ingvild , Debesay Jonas , Bye Asta , Bergland Astrid 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundAgeing patients are discharged from the hospital ‘quicker and sicker’ than before, and hospital discharge is a critical step in patient care. Older patients form a particularly vulnerable group due to multimorbidity and frailty. Patient participation in healthcare is influenced by government policy and an important part of quality improvement of care. There is need for greater insights into the complexity of patient participation for older patients in discharge processes based on aggregated knowledge.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to review reported evidence concerning the experiences of older patients aged 65 years and above regarding their participation in the hospital discharge process.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative metasummary. Systematic searches of Medline, Embase, Cinahl, PsycINFO and SocINDEX were conducted. Data from 18 studies were included, based on specific selection criteria. All studies explored older patients’ experience of participation during the discharge process in hospital, but varied when it came to type of discharge and diagnosis. The data were categorised into themes by using thematic analysis.ResultsOur analysis indicated that participation in the discharge process varied among elderly patients. Five themes were identified: (1) complexity of the patients state of health, (2) management and hospital routines, (3) the norm and preference of returning home, (4) challenges of mutual communication and asymmetric relationships and (5) the significance of networks.ConclusionsCollaboration between different levels in the health systems and user-friendly information between staff, patient and families are crucial. The complexity of patient participation for this patient group should be recognised to enhance user involvement during discharge from hospital. Interventions or follow-up studies of how healthcare professionals can improve their communication skills and address the tension between client-centred goals and organisational priorities are requested. Organisational structure may need to be restructured to ensure the participation of elderly patients.
Accelerometery as a measure of modifiable physical activity in high-risk elderly preoperative patients: a prospective observational pilot study
Authors: Grimes Lisa , Outtrim Joanne G , Griffin Simon J , Ercole Ari 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesTo use wrist-worn accelerometers (Axivity AX3) to establish normative physical activity (PA) and acceptability data for the high-risk elderly preoperative population, to assess whether PA could be modified by a prehabilitation intervention as part of routine care, to assess any correlation between accelerometer-measured PA and self-reported PA and to assess the acceptability of wearing wrist-worn accelerometers in this population.Study designProspective, observational, pilot study.SettingSingle National Health Service Hospital.ParticipantsFrail patients≥65 years awaiting major surgery referred to a multidisciplinary preoperative clinic at which they received a routine intervention aimed at improving their PA. 35 patients were recruited. Average age 79.9 years (SD=5.6).Primary outcomesNormative PA data measured as a mean daily Euclidean norm minus one (ENMO) in milli-gravitational units (mg).Secondary outcomesMeasure PA levels (mg) following a routine preoperative intervention. Determine correlation between patient-reported PA (measured using the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly) and accelerometer-measured PA (mg). Assess acceptability of wearing a wrist-worn accelerometer measured using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) questionnaire and device wear time (hours).ResultsMedian baseline daily PA was 14.3 mg(IQR 9.75–22.04) with an improvement in PA detected following the intervention (median ENMO post intervention 20.91 mg(IQR 14.83–27.53), p=0.022). There was no significant correlation between accelerometer-measured and self-reported PA (baselineρ=0.162 (p=0.4), post interventionρ=−0.144 (p=0.5)). We found high acceptability ratings (median score of 10/10 on VAS, IQR 8–10) and wear-time compliance (163.2 hours (IQR 150–167.5) preintervention and 166.1 hours (IQR 162.5–167) post intervention).ConclusionsAccelerometery is acceptable to this population and increases in PA levels measured following an unoptimised routine clinical intervention which indicates that health behavioural change interventions may be successful during the preoperative period. Accelerometers may therefore be a useful tool to design and validate interventions for improving PA in this setting.Trial registration numberNCT03737903.
Fever control interventions versus placebo, sham or no intervention in adults: a protocol for a systematic review with meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis
Authors: Sethi Naqash , Naqash Arushma Imran , Nielsen Niklas , Jakobsen Janus Christian 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionFever is an integral part of the inflammatory response and has therefore likely a physiological role in fighting infections. Nevertheless, whether fever in itself is beneficial or harmful in adults is unknown. This protocol for a systematic review aims at identifying the beneficial and harmful effects of fever control interventions in adults.Methods and analysisThis protocol for a systematic review was conducted following the recommendations of Cochrane, GRADE and the eight-step assessment suggested by Jakobsen and colleagues for better validation of meta-analytical results in systematic reviews. We plan to include all relevant randomised clinical trials comparing any fever control intervention with placebo, sham or no intervention in adults. We plan to search CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, BIOSIS, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection to identify relevant trials. Any eligible trial will be assessed and classified as either at high risk of bias or low risk of bias, and our primary conclusions will be based on trials at low risk of bias. We will perform our meta-analyses of the extracted data using Review Manager 5.3 and Trial Sequential Analysis. For all our outcomes, we will create a ‘Summary of Findings’ table based on GRADE assessments of the certainty of the evidence.Ethics and disseminationNo formal approval or review of ethics is required for this systematic review as individual patient data will not be included. This systematic review has the potential to highlight (1) whether one should believe fever to be beneficial, harmful or neither in adults; (2) the existing knowledge gaps on this topic; and (3) whether the recommendations from guidelines and daily clinical practice are correct. These results will be disseminated through publication in a leading peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019134006