bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Properties of gamma-ray decay lines in 3D core-collapse supernova models, with application to SN 1987A and Cas A
Authors: Jerkstrand A , Wongwathanarat A , Janka H-T , Gabler M , Alp D , Diehl R , Maeda K , Larsson J , Fransson C , Menon A , Heger A 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Comparison of theoretical line profiles to observations provides important tests for supernova explosion models. We study the shapes of radioactive decay lines predicted by current 3D core-collapse explosion simulations, and compare these to observations of SN 1987A and Cas A. Both the widths and shifts of decay lines vary by several thousand kilometres per second depending on viewing angle. The line profiles can be complex with multiple peaks. By combining observational constraints from 56Co decay lines, 44Ti decay lines, and Fe IR lines, we delineate a picture of the morphology of the explosive burning ashes in SN 1987A. For MZAMS = 15−20 M⊙ progenitors exploding with ∼1.5 × 1051 erg, ejecta structures suitable to reproduce the observations involve a bulk asymmetry of the 56Ni of at least ∼400 km s−1 and a bulk velocity of at least 1500 km s−1. By adding constraints to reproduce the UVOIR bolometric light curve of SN 1987A up to 600 d, an ejecta mass around 14 M⊙ is favoured. We also investigate whether observed decay lines can constrain the neutron star (NS) kick velocity. The model grid provides a constraint VNS &gt; Vredshift, and applying this to SN 1987A gives a NS kick of at least 500 km s−1. For Cas A, our single model provides a satisfactory fit to the NuSTAR observations and reinforces the result that current neutrino-driven core-collapse SN models achieve enough bulk asymmetry in the explosive burning material. Finally, we investigate the internal gamma-ray field and energy deposition, and compare the 3D models to 1D approximations.
Artificial neural networks for selection of pulsar candidates from radio continuum surveys
Authors: Yonemaru Naoyuki , Takahashi Keitaro , Kumamoto Hiroki , Dai Shi , Yoshiura Shintaro , Ideguchi Shinsuke 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
It is very computationally expensive to search for pulsars using time-domain observations, and the volume of data will be enormous with next-generation telescopes such as the Square Kilometre Array. We use artificial neural networks (ANNs), a machine learning method, for the efficient selection of pulsar candidates from radio continuum surveys; this is much cheaper than using time-domain observations. With observed quantities such as radio fluxes, sky position and compactness as inputs, our ANNs output the ‘score’ that indicates the degree of likeliness that an object is a pulsar. We demonstrate ANNs based on existing survey data by the Tata Institute for Fundamental Research (TIFR) Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) Sky Survey (TGSS) and the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) Very Large Array (VLA) Sky Survey (NVSS) and we test their performance. The precision, which is the ratio of the number of pulsars classified correctly as pulsars to the number of any objects classified as pulsars, is about $96 {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. Finally, we apply the trained ANNs to unidentified radio sources and our fiducial ANN with five inputs (the galactic longitude and latitude, the TGSS and NVSS fluxes and compactness) generates 2436 pulsar candidates from 456 866 unidentified radio sources. We need to confirm whether these candidates are truly pulsars by using time-domain observations. More information, such as polarization, will narrow the number of candidates down further.
Mass-loss in tidally stripped systems: the energy-based truncation method
Authors: Drakos Nicole E , Taylor James E , Benson Andrew J 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
The ability to accurately predict the evolution of tidally stripped haloes is important for understanding galaxy formation and testing the properties of dark matter. Most studies of substructure evolution make predictions based on empirical models of tidal mass-loss that are calibrated using numerical simulations. This approach can be accurate in the cases considered, but lacks generality and does not provide a physical understanding of the processes involved. Recently, we demonstrated that truncating NFW distribution functions sharply in energy results in density profiles that resemble those of tidally stripped systems, offering a path to constructing physically motivated models of tidal mass-loss. In this work, we review calculations of mass-loss based on energy truncation alone, and then consider what secondary effects may modulate mass-loss beyond this. We find that a combination of dependence on additional orbital parameters and variations in individual particle energies over an orbit results in a less abrupt truncation in energy space as a subhalo loses mass. Combining the energy truncation approach with a simple prediction for the mass-loss rate, we construct a full model of mass-loss that can accurately predict the evolution of a subhalo in terms of a single parameter ηeff. This parameter can be fully determined from the initial orbital and halo properties, and does not require calibration with numerical simulations.
All-sky angular power spectrum – I. Estimating brightness temperature fluctuations using the 150-MHz TGSS survey
Authors: Choudhuri Samir , Ghosh Abhik , Roy Nirupam , Bharadwaj Somnath , Intema Huib T , Ali Sk Saiyad 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Measurements of the Galactic synchrotron emission are important for the 21-cm studies of the epoch of reionization. The study of synchrotron emission is also useful for quantifying the fluctuations in the magnetic field and the cosmic-ray electron density of the turbulent interstellar medium (ISM) of our Galaxy. Here, we present the all-sky angular power spectrum (Cℓ) measurements of the diffuse synchrotron emission obtained using the TIFR GMRT Sky Survey (TGSS) at 150 MHz. We estimate Cℓ using visibility data both before and after subtracting the modelled point sources. The amplitude of the measured Cℓ decreases significantly after subtracting the point sources, and it is slightly higher in the Galactic plane for the residual data. The residual Cℓ is most likely to be dominated by the Galactic synchrotron emission. The amplitude of the residual Cℓ decreases significantly away from the Galactic plane. We find that the measurements are quite symmetric in the Northern and Southern hemispheres except in the latitude range 15°−30°, which is the transition region from the disc-dominated to the diffuse halo-dominated region. A comparison between this interferometric measurement and the scaled version of the Haslam rms map at 150 MHz shows that the correlation coefficient (r) is greater than 0.5 for most of the latitude ranges considered here. This indicates that the TGSS is quite sensitive to the diffuse Galactic synchrotron radiation.
CHEOPS observations of TESS primary mission monotransits
Authors: Cooke Benjamin F , Pollacco Don , Lendl Monika , Kuntzer Thibault , Fortier Andrea 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
We set out to look at the overlap between CHaracterizing ExOPlanets Satellite (CHEOPS) sky coverage and Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) primary mission monotransits to determine what fraction of TESS monotransits may be observed by CHEOPS. We carry out a simulation of TESS transits based on the stellar population in TICv8 in the primary TESS mission. We then select the monotransiting candidates and determine their CHEOPS observing potential. We find that TESS will discover approximately 433 monotransits during its primary mission. Using a baseline observing efficiency of 40 per cent, we then find that 387 of these (∼89 per cent) will be observable by CHEOPS with an average observing time of ∼60 d yr−1. Based on the individual observing times and orbital periods of each system, we predict that CHEOPS could observe additional transits for approximately 302 of the 433 TESS primary mission monotransits (∼70 per cent). Given that CHEOPS will require some estimate of period before observing a target, we estimate that up to 250 (∼58 per cent) TESS primary mission monotransits could have solved periods prior to CHEOPS observations using a combination of photometry and spectroscopy.
Star formation law in the epoch of reionization from [C ii] and C iii] lines
Authors: Vallini L , Ferrara A , Pallottini A , Carniani S , Gallerani S 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
We present a novel method to simultaneously characterize the star formation law and the interstellar medium properties of galaxies in the epoch of reionization (EoR) through the combination of [C ii] 158 μm (and its known relation with star formation rate) and C iii] λ1909 Å emission line data. The method, based on a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm, allows us to determine the target galaxy average density, n, gas metallicity, Z, and ‘burstiness’ parameter, κs, quantifying deviations from the Kennicutt–Schmidt relation. As an application, we consider COS-3018 (z = 6.854), the only EoR Lyman Break Galaxy so far detected in both [C ii] and C iii]. We show that COS-3018 is a moderate starburst (κs ≈ 3), with $Z \approx 0.4 \, \mathrm{Z}_{\odot }$, and $n \approx 500\, {\rm cm^{-3}}$. Our method will be optimally applied to joint ALMA and James Webb Space Telescope targets.
Natalus mexicanus (Chiroptera: Natalidae)
Authors: López-Wilchis Ricardo , Torres-Flores José Williams , Arroyo-Cabrales Joaquin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNatalus mexicanus Miller, 1902 is the smallest species of Natalus and is commonly called the Mexican greater funnel-eared bat. This insectivorous bat is the most widely distributed species of Natalidae, occurring from northern Mexico to Panama, inhabiting mainly deciduous and semideciduous tropical forests, generally at elevations below 300 m. N. mexicanus, a cave-dwelling bat, is considered as a “Least Concern” species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, and some data indicate moderate population sizes in several caves, although the population status at other sites is currently unknown.
Efficient and risk-reduced genome editing using double nicks enhanced by bacterial recombination factors in multiple species
Authors: He Xiaozhen , Chen Wenfeng , Liu Zhen , Yu Guirong , Chen Youbang , Cai Yi-Jun , Sun Ling , Xu Wanli , Zhong Lili , Gao Caixi , Chen Jishen , Zhang Minjie , Yang Shengxi , Yao Yizhou , Zhang Zhiping , Ma Fujun , Zhang Chen-Chen , Lu Hui-Ping , Yu Bin , Cheng Tian-Lin , Qiu Juhui , Sheng Qing , Zhou Hai-Meng , Lv Zhi-Rong , Yan Junjun , Zhou Yongjian , Qiu Zilong , Cui Zongbin , Zhang Xi , Meng Anming , Sun Qiang , Yang Yufeng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSite-specific DNA double-strand breaks have been used to generate knock-in through the homology-dependent or -independent pathway. However, low efficiency and accompanying negative impacts such as undesirable indels or tumorigenic potential remain problematic. In this study, we present an enhanced reduced-risk genome editing strategy we named as NEO, which used either site-specific trans or cis double-nicking facilitated by four bacterial recombination factors (RecOFAR). In comparison to currently available approaches, NEO achieved higher knock-in (KI) germline transmission frequency (improving from zero to up to 10% efficiency with an average of 5-fold improvement for 8 loci) and ‘cleaner’ knock-in of long DNA fragments (up to 5.5 kb) into a variety of genome regions in zebrafish, mice and rats. Furthermore, NEO yielded up to 50% knock-in in monkey embryos and 20% relative integration efficiency in non-dividing primary human peripheral blood lymphocytes (hPBLCs). Remarkably, both on-target and off-target indels were effectively suppressed by NEO. NEO may also be used to introduce low-risk unrestricted point mutations effectively and precisely. Therefore, by balancing efficiency with safety and quality, the NEO method reported here shows substantial potential and improves the in vivo gene-editing strategies that have recently been developed.
MrDNA: a multi-resolution model for predicting the structure and dynamics of DNA systems
Authors: Maffeo Christopher , Aksimentiev Aleksei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Although the field of structural DNA nanotechnology has been advancing with an astonishing pace, de novo design of complex 3D nanostructures and functional devices remains a laborious and time-consuming process. One reason for that is the need for multiple cycles of experimental characterization to elucidate the effect of design choices on the actual shape and function of the self-assembled objects. Here, we demonstrate a multi-resolution simulation framework, mrdna, that, in 30 min or less, can produce an atomistic-resolution structure of a self-assembled DNA nanosystem. We demonstrate fidelity of our mrdna framework through direct comparison of the simulation results with the results of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) reconstruction of multiple 3D DNA origami objects. Furthermore, we show that our approach can characterize an ensemble of conformations adopted by dynamic DNA nanostructures, the equilibrium structure and dynamics of DNA objects constructed using off-lattice self-assembly principles, i.e. wireframe DNA objects, and to study the properties of DNA objects under a variety of environmental conditions, such as applied electric field. Implemented as an open source Python package, our framework can be extended by the community and integrated with DNA design and molecular graphics tools.
Muscle protein turnover and low-protein diets in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Garibotto Giacomo , Picciotto Daniela , Saio Michela , Esposito Pasquale , Verzola Daniela 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAdaptation to a low-protein diet (LPD) involves a reduction in the rate of amino acid (AA) flux and oxidation, leading to more efficient use of dietary AA and reduced ureagenesis. Of note, the concept of ‘adaptation’ to low-protein intakes has been separated from the concept of ‘accommodation’, the latter term implying a decrease in protein synthesis, with development of wasting, when dietary protein intake becomes inadequate, i.e. beyond the limits of the adaptive mechanisms. Acidosis, insulin resistance and inflammation are recognized mechanisms that can increase protein degradation and can impair the ability to activate an adaptive response when an LPD is prescribed in a chronic kidney disease (CKD) patient. Current evidence shows that, in the short term, clinically stable patients with CKD Stages 3–5 can efficiently adapt their muscle protein turnover to an LPD containing 0.55–0.6 g protein/kg or a supplemented very-low-protein diet (VLPD) by decreasing muscle protein degradation and increasing the efficiency of muscle protein turnover. Recent long-term randomized clinical trials on supplemented VLPDs in patients with CKD have shown a very good safety profile, suggesting that observations shown by short-term studies on muscle protein turnover can be extrapolated to the long-term period.
Isotopic Signatures of Carbon in the ‘Los Pobres’ Graphite Mine, Ronda, Spain
Authors: Neubeck Anna , Broman Curt , Ivarsson Magnus , Holm Nils G , Whitehouse Martin , Nilsson Sara , Geppert Wolf , Gervilla Fernando 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGraphite formation temperatures in the ‘Los Pobres’ mine within the Ronda peridotite, Spain, previously reported to be between 770 and 820 °C, have been reinterpreted based on new temperature measurements using Raman spectroscopy. Additional in situ and bulk stable carbon isotopic measurements and fluid inclusion studies contributed to improved understanding of parts of the graphite formation process. Raman spectroscopy revealed that the formation of the ‘Los Pobres’ graphite extends to temperatures as low as 500 °C, indicating a broader temperature range than previously reported. Stable carbon isotopes and temperature estimates suggest two different crystallization events, followed by a late hydrothermal alteration of the host rock. The first event occurred at temperatures higher than ∼600°C, in which crystalline graphite was formed with a mixed 13C composition as a result of the mixing of two different carbon-bearing sources. The second graphite formation event took place below ∼600°C, within the same system, but with lower purity and crystallinity of the graphite. In the third event, the temperature decreased to less than 550 °C, and hydrothermal fluids altered the host rock, precipitating silica and iron oxides in veins penetrating both the host rock and the deposited graphite.
A Randomized Trial to Compare Serratus Anterior Plane Block and Erector Spinae Plane Block for Pain Management Following Thoracoscopic Surgery
Authors: Ekinci Mürsel , Ciftci Bahadir , Gölboyu Birzat Emre , Demiraran Yavuz , Bayrak Yusuf , Tulgar Serkan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objective
Comparison of ultrasound (US)-guided erector spinae plane block (ESPB) and serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) in video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) patients. The primary outcome was to compare perioperative and postoperative (48 hours) opioid consumption.

Methods
A total of 60 patients were randomized into two groups (N = 30): an ESPB group and an SAPB group. All the patients received intravenous patient-controlled postoperative analgesia and ibuprofen 400 mg intravenously every eight hours. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores, opioid consumption, and adverse events were recorded.

Results
Intraoperative and postoperative opioid consumption at 0–8, 8–16, and 16–24 hours and rescue analgesic use were significantly lower in the ESPB group (P &lt; 0.05). Static/dynamic VAS scores were significantly lower in the ESPB group (P &lt; 0.05). There was no significant difference between static VAS scores at the fourth hour. There were no differences between adverse effects. Block procedure time and one-time puncture success were similar between groups (P  &gt; 0.05 each).

Conclusion
US-guided ESPB may provide better pain control than SAPB after VATS.

Question
Even though there are studies about analgesia management after VATS, clinicians want to perform the technique that is both less invasive and more effective.

Findings
This randomized trial showed that US-guided ESPB provides effective analgesia compared with SAPB.

Meaning
Performing single-injection ESPB reduces VAS scores and opioid consumption compared with SAPB.
Excess Body Mass and Leisure Time Physical Activity in the Incidence and Persistence of Chronic Pain
Authors: Shiri Rahman , Lallukka Tea , Rahkonen Ossi , Leino-Arjas Päivi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objective
To estimate the effects of excess body mass and leisure time physical activity on the incidence and persistence of chronic pain.

Design
A prospective cohort study.

Methods
As a part of the Finnish Helsinki Health Study, we included three cohorts of employees of the City of Helsinki (18,562 observations) and defined incident chronic pain as having pain in any part of the body for more than three months at follow-up in participants without chronic pain at baseline (N = 13,029 observations). Persistent chronic pain was defined as having pain for more than three months at both baseline and follow-up (N = 5,533 observations).

Results
Overweight (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06–1.31) and obesity (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.45–1.88) increased the incidence of chronic pain. Moreover, overweight (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.02–1.32) and obesity (OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.26–1.74) increased the risk of persistent chronic pain. Vigorous leisure time physical activity reduced the incidence of chronic pain (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.75–0.96). Physical activity did not influence the risk of persistent chronic pain. Furthermore, overweight/obesity modified the effect of leisure time physical activity on incident chronic pain. Inactive overweight or obese participants were at the highest risk of chronic pain (OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.40–2.09), while the OR dropped to 1.44 (95% CI = 1.19–1.75) in moderately active overweight or obese participants and to 1.20 (95% CI = 0.97–1.47) in highly active overweight or obese participants.

Conclusions
Obesity not only increases the risk of developing chronic pain, but also increases the risk of persistent pain, while leisure time physical activity reduces the risk of developing chronic pain.
Charged Higgs contribution on Bc → (Ds, Ds*) l+l−
Authors: Maji P , Biswas S , Nayek P , Sahoo S 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we study rare semileptonic decays of the $B_c$ meson in the context of type-I, II, and III two Higgs doublet models. We follow the relativistic quark model for parameterizing the form factors used in matrix elements of weak transitions between the corresponding meson states. We investigate observables such as branching ratio, lepton polarization asymmetry, forward–backward asymmetry, etc. and analyze the dependence of these quantities on the model parameters. We have found that there is noticeable sensitivity to these observables for the charged Higgs boson, which may provide a powerful probe to the standard model and new physics beyond it.
The effect of pre-pregnancy weight and gestational weight gain on blood pressure in children at 6 years of age
Authors: Torres Camila Honorato A , Schultz Lidiane F , Veugelers Paul J , Mastroeni Silmara S B S , Mastroeni Marco F 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
We evaluated the effect of maternal gestational weight gain (GWG) and pre-pregnancy weight on blood pressure (BP) of children 6 years after delivery.

Methods
Cross-sectional study that compared the anthropometric measurements of 181 mothers and their children’s BP 6 years after delivery. The BP was measured by the auscultatory method. We used log-binomial regression to investigate the association of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and GWG categories with BP in mid-childhood.

Results
The prevalence of elevated BP in children was 26.5%. Maternal pre-pregnancy overweight and concurrent excessive GWG were positively associated with elevated BP at 6 years of age. Mothers with pre-pregnancy overweight and excessive GWG were more likely to have children with elevated BP at 6 years of age (OR = 2.05; P = 0.018) compared to mothers who were of normal weight pre-pregnancy and experienced appropriate GWG. We also found that mothers with pre-pregnancy BMI ≥25 kg/m2 and concurrent excessive GWG were more likely to have children with elevated diastolic blood pressure (OR = 2.72; P = 0.005).

Conclusions
Pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity had impact on BP in mid-childhood. Interventions aimed at reducing cardiovascular diseases in children should promote weight loss in women of reproductive age rather than in pregnant women.
Exact Distribution of Divergence Times from Fossil Ages and Tree Topologies
Authors: Didier Gilles , Laurin Michel 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Being given a phylogenetic tree of both extant and extinct taxa in which the fossil ages are the only temporal information (namely, in which divergence times are considered unknown), we provide a method to compute the exact probability distribution of any divergence time of the tree with regard to any speciation (cladogenesis), extinction, and fossilization rates under the Fossilized Birth–Death model. We use this new method to obtain a probability distribution for the age of Amniota (the synapsid/sauropsid or bird/mammal divergence), one of the most-frequently used dating constraints. Our results suggest an older age (between about 322 and 340 Ma) than has been assumed by most studies that have used this constraint (which typically assumed a best estimate around 310–315 Ma) and provide, for the first time, a method to compute the shape of the probability density for this divergence time. [Divergence times; fossil ages; fossilized birth–death model; probability distribution.]