bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the effect of Ti, Al, Cu, and Ag doping on the bonding properties of soldered β‐Sn(100)/ZrO2(111) interface
Authors: Guo Weibing , She Zongyu , Xue Haitao , Zhang Xiaoming 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSelecting active elements for filler metal is very important in soldering of ZrO2 ceramics. In this paper, the effects of Ti, Al, Cu, and Ag active elements on the bonding strength and electronic structures of soldered β‐Sn(100)/ZrO2(111) interface were studied via the method of first principle calculation. The work of adhesion (Wad) results show that the O2‐terminated interface is more stable than other kinds of interfaces. Then, the atoms of Ti, Al, Cu, and Ag were doped into the interface by replacing the Sn atom in situ. It is found that additions of Ti, Al, and Cu atoms can increase the Wad, and Ag atom has the opposite effect. From the results of heat of segregation, doping Ti and Al into the interface is stable in thermodynamics and doping Cu and Ag is not stable. The forming of strong ionic‐covalent Ti‐O and Al‐O bonding contributes to the increase of the interfacial adhesion strength. The calculation results indicate that Ti and Al can act as active elements in Sn to solder ZrO2. The Ti‐O and Al‐O compounds formed at interface can improve the wetting and bonding between Sn‐based solder and ZrO2 ceramics.
Strategies to reduce attrition in managing paediatric obesity: A systematic review
Authors: Ball Geoff D. C. , Sebastianski Meghan , Wijesundera Jessica , Keto‐Lambert Diana , Ho Josephine , Zenlea Ian , Perez Arnaldo , Nobles James , Skelton Joseph A. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review of the literature for strategies designed to reduce attrition in managing paediatric obesity.MethodsWe searched Ovid Medline (1946 to May 6, 2020), Ovid Embase (1974 to May 6, 2020), EBSCO CINAHL (inception to May 6, 2020), Elsevier Scopus (inception to April 14, 2020), and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses (inception to April 14, 2020). Reports were eligible if they included any obesity management intervention, included 2 to 18 year olds with overweight or obesity (or if the mean age of participants fell within this age range), were in English, included experimental study designs, and had attrition reduction as a main outcome. Two team members screened studies, abstracted data, and appraised study quality.ResultsOur search yielded 5,415 original reports; six met inclusion criteria. In three studies, orientation sessions (n = 2) and motivational interviewing (MI) (n = 1) were used as attrition‐reduction strategies before treatment enrollment; in three others, text messaging (n = 2) and MI (n = 1) supplemented existing obesity management interventions. Attrition‐reduction strategies led to decreased attrition in two studies, increased in one, and no difference in three. For the two strategies that reduced attrition, (a) pre‐treatment orientation and (b) text messaging between children and intervention providers were beneficial. The quality of the six included studies varied (good [n = 4]; poor [n = 2]).ConclusionSome evidence suggests that attrition can be reduced. The heterogeneity of approaches applied and small number of studies included highlight the need for well‐designed, experimental research to test the efficacy and effectiveness of strategies to reduce attrition in managing paediatric obesity.
Effect of initial density on thermal conductivity of new micro‐pipeline heat conduction C/SiC composites
Authors: Zhang Yunhai , Liu Yongsheng , Cao Yejie , Cao Liyang , Wang Jing , Pan Yu , Wang Ning 
Published: September 2020

AbstractC/SiC composites prepared by chemical vapor infiltration technique (CVI) have been regarded as thermal structural materials widely. However, these composites still suffer from poor functional properties like low thermal conductivity, especially in thickness direction of the composites, limiting their large‐scale applications. Herein, mesophase pitch based carbon fiber (MPCF) and continuous wave laser machining were utilized to construct highly effective heat conductive micro‐pipelines within CVI C/SiC composite. The effect of initial density on the final density and thermal conductivity of the as‐obtained MPCF‐C/SiC composites were investigated. The results revealed that higher initial density would directly enhance the thermal conductivity and reduce the negative impact of the bottle‐neck effect. At temperatures between 100°C and 500°C, MPCF‐C/SiC composites preserved more than threefold of the thermal conductivity (340%) when compared to reference C/SiC composites. This work provides a highly effective route for enhancing the thermal conductivity of C/SiC, which would broaden their future applications.
Constitutive model and failure criterion for orthotropic ceramic matrix composites under macroscopic plane stress
Authors: Yang Chengpeng , Jia Fei , Wang Bo , Huang Tao , Jiao Guiqiong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo predict the nonlinear stress‐strain behavior and the rupture strength of orthotropic ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) under macroscopic plane stress, a concise damage‐based mechanical theory including a new constitutive model and two kinds of failure criteria was developed in the framework of continuum damage mechanics (CDM). The damage constitutive model was established using strain partitioning and damage decoupling methods. Meanwhile, the failure criteria were formulated in terms of damage energy release rate (DERR) in order to correlate the failure property of CMCs with damage driving forces, and the maximum DERR criterion and the interactive DERR criterion were suggested simultaneously. For the sake of model evaluation, the theory was applied to a typical CMC with damageable and nonlinear behavior, that is, 2D‐C/SiC. The damage evolution law, strain response and rupture strength under incremental cyclic tension along both on‐axis and off‐axis directions were completely investigated. Comparison between theoretical predictions and experimental data illustrates that the newly developed mechanical theory is potential to give reasonable and accurate results of both stress‐strain response and failure property for orthotropic CMCs.
Robot‐mediated therapy to reduce worrying in persons with visual and intellectual disabilities
Authors: van Wingerden Evelien , Barakova Emilia , Lourens Tino , Sterkenburg Paula S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe study explored the use of a robot‐mediated therapeutic intervention in persons with visual and intellectual disabilities.MethodThree robot‐mediated intervention sessions were developed to teach three coping skills for worrying. Effectiveness was examined using a multiple‐baseline case study design (N = 7). Baseline, pre‐intervention and post‐intervention assessments included social validity, severity of worrying (PSWQ‐C‐NL), and observations by caregivers (SDQ). Short checklists on worrying were repeated throughout baseline and intervention stages. Transcripts of the sessions were analysed for participants’ emotional openness.ResultsSocial validity was equally high before and after the intervention. The intervention did not impact the severity of worrying, although mentor caregivers reported a lower impact of personal difficulties for participants. We found no change in self‐disclosure towards the robot over sessions.ConclusionsThe participants’ positive responses warrant further exploration of using robot‐mediated therapy for persons with visual and intellectual disabilities. Recommendations for additional adaptations are discussed.
Do gender differences in academic attainment correspond with scholastic attitudes? An exploratory study in a UK secondary school
Authors: Pennington Charlotte R. , Kaye Linda K. , Qureshi Adam W. , Heim Derek 
Published: September 2020

AbstractResearch has examined how standardized tests give rise to gender differences in English and STEM attainment, but little research has explored gender differences in classroom‐based attainment and the degree to which these correspond to differences in school‐related attitudes. To explore the extent to which gender‐achievement gaps in classroom‐based performance parallel differences in self‐perceptions and scholastic attitudes. An independent sample of first (n = 187, age 11–12, Study 1) and second‐year students (n = 113, age 12–13, Study 2) from a UK comprehensive secondary school completed a questionnaire measuring academic mindset, self‐efficacy, self‐concept, competence beliefs, personal and social self‐esteem, and endorsement of gender‐subject and career stereotypes. Responses were then matched to their respective classroom grades in English, mathematics, science, and computing. Girls outperformed boys in English in their first year but reported lower global self‐esteem and greater endorsement of science‐career stereotypes. Conversely, girls outperformed boys in mathematics in their second year, but paradoxically reported lower self‐concept and competence beliefs in mathematics and science, and higher competence beliefs in English. Across both studies, mindset, self‐efficacy, competence beliefs, and social self‐esteem were positively related to English attainment; academic self‐efficacy was positively related to mathematics attainment; and mindset, self‐efficacy, self‐concept, and competence beliefs were positively related to science attainment. Gender‐achievement gaps in classroom‐based academic attainment are complex and highly nuanced; they appear to vary between school subjects across years and may not correspond with similar differences in self‐perceptions and scholastic attitudes.
Artificial liver support systems
Authors: Tandon Radhika , Froghi Saied 
Published: September 2020

AbstractArtificial liver systems are used to bridge between transplantation or to allow a patient's liver to recover. They are used in patients with acute liver failure (ALF) and acute‐on‐chronic liver failure. There are five artificial systems currently in use: molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS), single‐pass albumin dialysis (SPAD), Prometheus, selective plasma filtration therapy, and hemodiafiltration. The aim is to compare existing data on the efficiency of these devices. A literature search was conducted using online libraries. Inclusion criteria included randomized control trials or comparative human studies published after the year 2000. A systematic review was conducted for the five individual devices with a more detailed comparison of the biochemistry for the SPAD and MARS systems. Eighty‐nine patients were involved in the review comparing SPAD and MARS. Results showed that there was an average reduction in bilirubin (−53 μmol/L in MARS and −50 μmol/L in SPAD), creatinine (−19.5 μmol/L in MARS and −7.5 μmol/L in SPAD), urea (−0.9 mmol/L in MARS and −0.75 mmol/L in SPAD), and gamma‐glutamyl transferase (−0.215 μmol/L·s in MARS and −0.295 μmol/L·s in SPAD) in both SPAD and MARS. However, there was no significant difference between the changes in the two systems. This review demonstrated that both MARS and SPAD aid recovery of ALF. There is no difference between the efficiency of MARS and SPAD. Because of the limited data, there is a need for more randomized control trials. Evaluating cost and patient preference would aid in differentiating the systems.
Home‐Based Primary and Palliative Care in the Medicaid Program: Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Zimbroff Robert M. , Ritchie Christine S. , Leff Bruce , Sheehan Orla C. 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESTo describe the use of home‐based medical care (HBMC) among Medicaid beneficiaries.DESIGNA systematic review of the peer‐reviewed and gray literature of home‐based primary care and palliative care programs among Medicaid beneficiaries including dual eligibles.SETTINGHBMC including home‐based primary care and palliative care programs.PARTICIPANTSStudies describing Medicaid beneficiaries receiving HBMC.MEASUREMENTSThree groups of studies were included: those focused on HBMC specifically for Medicaid beneficiaries, studies that described the proportion of Medicaid patients receiving HBMC, and those that used Medicaid status as a dependent variable in studying HBMC.RESULTSThe peer‐reviewed and gray literature searches revealed 574 unique studies of which only 16 met inclusion criteria. Few publications described HBMC as an integral care delivery model for Medicaid programs. Data from the programs described suggest the use of HBMC for Medicaid beneficiaries can reduce healthcare costs. The addition of social supports to HBMC appears to convey additional savings and benefits.CONCLUSIONThis systematic literature review highlights the relative dearth of literature regarding the use and impact of HBMC in the Medicaid population. HBMC has great potential to reduce Medicaid costs, and innovative programs combining HBMC with social support systems need to be tested.
Self‐Reported Cultural Competence of Nurses Providing Nursing Care in Slovakia
Authors: Červený Martin , Dimunová Lucia , Della Pelle Carlo , Papp Katalin , Siaki LTC Leilani A. , Kilíková Mária , Nagórska Małgorzata 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeThe goals of this study were to determine and evaluate the perception of cultural competence of nurses in the Slovak healthcare system, identify factors that influence their perception, and ascertain opportunities to improve nurses’ cultural competence.DesignCross‐sectional nonexperimental study.MethodsNurses from Slovakia were surveyed in this cross‐sectional study using the standardized Cultural Competency Assessment (CCA) questionnaire. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).ResultsIn total, 267 nurses responded. Only 28% perceived themselves as very culturally competent to care for people from other cultures. Over 68% received no diversity training. Age (p < .011) and prior diversity training (p < .006) were significantly associated with culturally competent behavior (CCB). A significant relationship (r = 0.17; p < .015) was also confirmed between the self‐reported CCA and CCB.ConclusionsCulturally competent care is a professional imperative. The ability to deliver high‐quality, culturally congruent care may be enhanced by cultural diversity education and training. Further research is needed to identify other influences on cultural competency and the impact on patient care and outcomes.Clinical RelevanceThere is a need for nurses to enhance their knowledge and skills related to cultural competency, awareness, sensitivity, and behaviors. Education and training contribute to nurses’ ability to provide high‐quality, culturally competent nursing care to patients from different cultures, and may possibly contribute to decreased health disparities.
Clinical characteristics and predictors of the duration of SARS‐CoV‐2 viral shedding in 140 healthcare workers
Authors: Liu W. , Liu Y. , Xu Z. , Jiang T. , Kang Y. , Zhu G. , Chen Z. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiological and clinical features of patients with COVID‐19 have been reported, but none of them focused on medical staff, and few predictors of the duration of viral shedding have been reported. It is urgent to help healthcare workers prevent and recover quickly from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19).MethodsWe enrolled 140 medical workers with COVID‐19 in Wuhan. Epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiological treatment and clinical outcome data were collected, and predictors of the duration of viral shedding were explored through multivariable linear regression analysis.ResultsThe medical staff with COVID‐19 presented mild clinical symptoms and showed a low frequency of abnormal laboratory indicators. All the medical staff were cured and discharged, of whom 96 (68.6%) were female, 39 (27.9%) had underlying diseases, the median age was 36.0 years, and 104 (74.3%) were infected whilst working in hospital. The median duration of viral shedding was 25.0 days (IQR:20.0–30.0). Multivariable linear regression analysis showed reducing viral shedding duration was associated with receiving recombinant human interferon alpha (rIFN‐α) treatment, whilst the prolonged duration of viral shedding correlated with the use of glucocorticoid treatment, the durations from the first symptom to hospital admission and the improvement in chest computed tomography (CT) evidence. Moreover, infected healthcare workers with lymphocytes less than 1.1 × 109/L on admission had prolonged viral shedding.ConclusionMedical staff with timely medical interventions show milder clinical features. Glucocorticoid treatment and lymphocytes less than 1.1 × 109/L are associated with prolonged viral shedding. Early admission and rIFN‐α treatment help shorten the duration of viral shedding.
Escherichia coli small heat shock protein IbpA is an aggregation‐sensor that self‐regulates its own expression at posttranscriptional levels
Authors: Miwa Tsukumi , Chadani Yuhei , Taguchi Hideki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAggregation is an inherent characteristic of proteins. Risk management strategies to reduce aggregation are critical for cells to survive upon stresses that induce aggregation. Cells cope with protein aggregation by utilizing a variety of chaperones, as exemplified by heat‐shock proteins (Hsps). The heat stress‐induced expression of IbpA and IbpB, small Hsps in Escherichia coli, is regulated by the σ32 heat‐shock transcriptional regulator and the temperature‐dependent translational regulation via mRNA heat fluctuation. We found that, even without heat stress, either the expression of aggregation‐prone proteins or the ibpA gene deletion profoundly increases the expression of IbpA. Combined with other evidence, we propose novel mechanisms for the regulation of the small Hsps expression. Oligomeric IbpA self‐represses the ibpA/ibpB translation, and mediates its own mRNA degradation, but the self‐repression is relieved by sequestration of IbpA into the protein aggregates. Thus, the function of IbpA as a chaperone to form co‐aggregates is harnessed as an aggregation sensor to tightly regulate the IbpA level. Since the excessive preemptive supply of IbpA in advance of stress is harmful, the prodigious and rapid expression of IbpA/IbpB on demand is necessary for IbpA to function as a first line of defense against acute protein aggregation.
Challenge of managing opposing rhythms in a mother and fetus
Authors: Chaudhry‐Waterman Nadia , Kumar Vineet , Karr Sharon , Fitzpatrick Andrew , Cohen Mitchell I. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionWe report a case of a fetus with complex congenital heart disease and supraventricular tachycardia in the setting of maternal high grade atrioventricular block at 26 weeks’ gestation.Methods and resultsElectroanatomic mapping allowed successful implantation of a permanent pacemaker to provide adequate back‐up pacing in the mother with zero radiation exposure, thus allowing safe delivery of transplacental anti‐arrhythmic medications to reduce the fetal arrhythmia burden and optimize the fetal ventricular rate.ConclusionThis is the first reported case of using electroanatomic mapping, with zero fluoroscopy use, for pacemaker lead placement and for a novel indication.
Etiology of syncope in patients with preexisting atrioventricular conduction disorders
Authors: Mitro Peter , Šimurda Miloš , Lazúrová Zora , Jakubová Marta 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe discussion about the feasibility of empiric pacemaker implantation in patients with preexisting atrioventricular (AV) conduction disorders continues. The aim of the study was to determine the etiology of syncope and the need for pacemaker insertion in patients with AV conduction impairment using implantable loop recorder (ILR).MethodsILR was implanted after negative diagnostic workup in 37 patients with syncope (24 men, 13 women, age 72 ± 10 years) and preexisting impairment of AV conduction. First‐degree AV block (AVB I) was present in 26 patients, and bundle branch block (BBB) in 17 patients.ResultsILR‐based diagnosis was made in 28 patients (75%)—sinus arrest in 13 patients, complete AVB in 10 patients, and vasodepressor syncope in five patients. In patients with preexisting BBB, sinus arrest occurred during ILR monitoring significantly more frequently than in patients without BBB (53% vs 20%, P = .03). Complete AVB was significantly less common in patients with preexisting BBB than in patients without BBB (12% vs 40%, P = .04). On multivariate regression analysis, the only independent predictor of AVB occurrence during ILR monitoring was preexisting AVB I (P = .03). The only independent predictor of sinus arrest during ILR monitoring was preexisting BBB (P = .03).ConclusionsIn patients with preexisting AV conduction disorders, prevailing syncopal mechanism during ILR monitoring was asystole. However, sinus arrest occurred more often than complete AVB and was predicted by preexisting BBB. Preexisting AVB was a predictor of complete AVB during ILR monitoring.
Preventing inadvertent Endobronchial intubation: Upper incisor to manubriosternal joint length as a predictor of airway length in children
Authors: Jain Apoorv , Wadhwa Bharti , Saxena Kirti Nath 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundMalpositioning of the endotracheal tube within the airway can lead to serious complications. The estimated insertion depth of the endotracheal tube should be accurate and reliable.Aims and objectivesTo study whether the upper incisor‐manubriosternal joint length in the extended head position can be used as a predictor of airway length to guide the depth of insertion of endotracheal tube in children and to evaluate the correlation of upper incisor‐manubriosternal joint length with the upper incisor‐carina length in the neutral head position, in Indian pediatric population.Materials and methodsAfter induction of anesthesia, upper incisor‐manubriosternal joint length was measured using a flexible metallic tape. Endotracheal tube was inserted and secured in the midline over the upper incisors. The degree of the maximum head extension was recorded with a goniometer, and the upper incisor‐carina length was measured with the help of a fiberoptic bronchoscope.ResultsAnalysis revealed a positive correlation between upper incisor‐carina length and upper incisor‐manubriosternal joint length (R = .456, R2 = .208, P = .000) and also between upper incisor‐carina length and the height of the patient (R = .528, R2 = .279, P‐value .000). The degree of maximum head extension did not influence the upper incisor‐carina length and the upper incisor‐manubriosternal joint length relationship.ConclusionThe upper incisor‐carina length shows a positive correlation with the patient's upper incisor‐manubriosternal joint length and the patient's standing height, while the degree of maximum head extension has no significant bearing on this relationship. The upper incisor‐manubriosternal joint length can be used as a predictor of airway length and the depth of insertion of endotracheal tube in children.