bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographic and intra‐racial disparities in early‐onset colorectal cancer in the SEER 18 registries of the United States
Authors: Abualkhair Wesal H. , Zhou Meijiao , Ochoa Carolina O. , Lacayo Leonel , Murphy Caitlin , Wu Xiao‐Cheng , Karlitz Jordan J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough early‐onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) incidence rates (IRs) are increasing, geographic and intra‐racial IR disparities are not well defined.Methods2000‐2015 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program CRC IR Analysis (170,434 cases) was performed from ages 30 to 60 in four US regions, 18 individual registries, metropolitan and nonmetropolitan locations and stratified by race. Analyses were conducted in 1‐year and 5‐year age increments.ResultsWide US regional EOCRC IR variations exist: For example, age 45 IRs in the south are 26.8/100,000, 36.0% higher than the West, 19.7/100,000 (p < 0.0001). Disparities magnify between individual registries: EOCRC IRs in highest risk registries were 177‐348% (Alaska Natives), 75‐200% (Hawaii), 76‐128% (Louisiana), and 61‐125% (Kentucky) higher than lowest risk registries depending on age. EOCRC IRs are 18.2%‐25.6% higher in nonmetropolitan versus metropolitan settings. Wide geographic intra‐racial disparities exist. Within the White population, the greatest IR difference (78.8%) was between Kentucky (5.9/100,000) and Los Angeles (3.3/100,000) in 30‐ to 34‐year‐olds (p < .0001). Within the Black population, the greatest difference (136.2%) was between rural Georgia (30.7/100,000) and California excluding San Francisco‐Oakland/San Jose‐Monterey/Los Angeles (13/100,000) in 40‐ to 44‐year‐olds (p = 0003).ConclusionMarked geographic EOCRC disparities exist with disproportionately high IRs in Alaska Natives, Hawaii, and southern registries. Geographic intra‐racial disparities are present within White and Black populations. In Blacks, there are disproportionately high EOCRC IRs in rural Georgia. Although vigilance is required in all populations, attention must be paid to these higher risk populations. Potential interventions include assuring early investigation of symptoms, targeting modifiable risk factors and utilizing earlier age 45 screening options supported by some guidelines.
Overnight fasting before lapatinib administration to breast cancer patients leads to reduced toxicity compared with nighttime dosing: a retrospective cohort study from a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Tsuda Moe , Ishiguro Hiroshi , Toriguchi Naoko , Masuda Norikazu , Bando Hiroko , Ohgami Masahiro , Homma Masato , Morita Satoshi , Yamamoto Naohito , Kuroi Katsumasa , Yanagita Yasuhiro , Takano Toshimi , Shimizu Satoru , Toi Masakazu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe bioavailability of lapatinib is affected by food, even following the 1 hour fast recommended by the package insert. We hypothesized that overnight fasting would minimize food‐drug interactions. Here, we investigated if lapatinib administration timing is associated with its tolerability, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study utilizing the medical records of patients enrolled in the JBCRG‐16/Neo‐LaTH randomized phase 2 trial for breast cancer patients treated with lapatinib. Lapatinib administration timing was divided into three groups: before breakfast (BB), between meals (BM), and at bedtime (AB). Side effects (SE), treatment discontinuation rate (TDR), relative dose intensity (RDI), pathological complete response (pCR) rate, and lapatinib serum trough concentration were compared between groups.ResultsAbout 140 patients were included in this study: BB 15, BM 51, and AB 74. A reduced risk of diarrhea {adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 0.51, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.27‐0.89, p = 0.018}, and rash {adjusted HR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.17‐0.70, p = 0.002} was seen in BB versus AB. Fewer patients with low RDI (< 0.85/<0.6) were in the BB group (BB 13% / 0%, BM 22% / 3.9%, AB 24% / 14%, p = 0.70 / 0.11). pCR was not diminished (p = 0.75). BB group had the lowest serum lapatinib concentration and variability (mean ±SD were 0.35 ± 0.15, 0.65 ± 0.32, 0.96 ± 0.43 µg/ml).ConclusionsCompared to bedtime administration, lapatinib administration after overnight fasting reduces its toxicity without diminishing its therapeutic efficacy.
An unusual reversible color change in a gastric lesion during real‐time endoscopy
Authors: Osera Shozo , Tomori Akihisa , Arakawa Aiko , Shiozawa Satoshi , Hisa Takeshi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDuring endoscopy, a light purple flat lesion suddenly appeared at the antrum and the lesion disappeared subsequently. This is an unusual reversible color change that is associated with blood flow, and that must be differentiated from neoplasia.
Computer Modeling System of the Industrial Diesel Fuel Catalytic Dewaxing Process
Authors: Belinskaya Nataliya S. , Ivanchina Emiliya D. , Dolganov Igor M. , Belozertseva Natalia E. , Afanaseva Daria A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAn unsteady mathematical model and a computer modeling system of the diesel fuel catalytic dewaxing process (mild hydrocracking) were developed. The modeling system allows for calculating the optimal technological mode to produce low‐freezing diesel fuel with the required cold filter plugging point taking into account the feedstock composition and catalyst activity. The modeling system consists of the main blocks: database, knowledge base, unsteady mathematical model of the diesel fuel catalytic dewaxing process, and application program package. Using the developed computer modeling system, the influence of the feedstock composition and flow rate as well as of the catalyst activity on the cold filter plugging point and the yield of diesel fuel is demonstrated.
Vision adaptation in the laughing dove (Streptopelia senegalensis, Linnaeus, 1766) inferred from structural, ultrastructural, and genetic characterization
Authors: Sultan Aya E. , Ghoneim Ahmed M. , El‐Gammal Hekmat L. , El‐Bakary Neveen E. R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNeuroanatomy of the retina reflects adaptation and acclimation for dark and light conditions. Retinal cells and genes must be functionally adjusted to various environmental luminosities. Opsins are brilliant molecules to assess the adaptations at the genetic and phenotypic levels. Photic adaptations may reveal new mechanisms that enhance vision abilities. Through the investigation of histological, ultrastructural constituents of the whole retinal layers, and the sequencing of shortwave length sensitive opsin 1 (SWS1) of the laughing dove (Streptopelia senegalensis), the current study confirms the plasticity of the retina in response to the natural photic conditions. Retinal pigmented epithelium has plentiful melanosomes, signifying a highly adapted eye for maximum light perception and protection. Variously colored oil droplets signify high color vision ability. Stratified outer nuclear layer with many Müller cells suggests high sensitivity to dim conditions and high retinal regeneration. The penetration of outer limiting membrane by photoreceptor nuclei and Müller cell microvilli could minimize the light reflection. Oligodendrocytes establish thick myelination demanded for a keen visual acuity. A functional violet sensitive SWS1 with crucial Ser90 is presumed. Molecular phylogeny showed a secondary loss as color vision was shifted back from ultraviolet (UV) sensitivity to the ancestral avian violet sensitivity, thus improving visual resolution. However, SWS1 has some UV sensitive residues. These findings implicate not only spectral adaptations with high color vision ability and acuity but also photoinduced structural reorganizations. Further studies are needed to assess the secrets between photons and the structural genes.
Early‐photon reflectance fluorescence molecular tomography for small animal imaging: Mathematical model and numerical experiment
Authors: Konovalov Alexander B. , Vlasov Vitaly V. , Uglov Alexander S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe paper presents an original approach to time‐domain reflectance fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) of small animals. It is based on the use of early arriving photons and state‐of‐the‐art compressed‐sensing‐like reconstruction algorithms and aims to improve the spatial resolution of fluorescent images. We deduce the fundamental equation that models the imaging operator and derive analytical representations for the sensitivity functions which are responsible for the reconstruction of the fluorophore absorption coefficient. The idea of fluorescence lifetime tomography with our approach is also discussed. We conduct a numerical experiment on 3D reconstruction of box phantoms with spherical fluorescent inclusions of small diameters. For modeling measurement data and constructing the sensitivity matrix we assume a virtual fluorescence tomograph with a scanning fiber probe that illuminates and collects light in reflectance geometry. It provides for large source‐receiver separations which correspond to the macroscopic regime. Two compressed‐sensing‐like reconstruction algorithms are used to solve the inverse problem. These are the algebraic reconstruction technique with total variation regularization and our modification of the fast iterative shrinkage‐thresholding algorithm. Results of our numerical experiment show that our approach is capable of achieving as good spatial resolution as 0.2 mm and even better at depths to 9 mm inclusive.
Integrated Z‐Scheme Nanosystem Based on Metal Sulfide Nanorods for Efficient Photocatalytic Pure Water Splitting
Authors: Qin Zhixiao , Guan Xiangjiu , Guo Xu , Guo Penghui , Wang Menglong , Huang Zhenxiong , Chen Yubin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDeveloping efficient metal sulfides for pure water splitting is a challenging topic in the field of photocatalysis. Herein, inspired by natural photosynthesis, an all‐solid‐state Z‐scheme photocatalyst was constructed with Cd0.9Zn0.1S (CZS) for water reduction, red phosphorus (RP) for water oxidation, and metallic CoP as the electron mediator. RP@CoP core‐shell nanostructures were uniformly attached on the CZS nanorods, which gave rise to multiple monodispersed nanojunctions. The integrated Z‐scheme nanosystem exhibited an apparent quantum efficiency of 6.4 % at 420 nm for pure water splitting. Theoretical analysis and femtosecond transient absorption results revealed that the impressive performance was mainly due to efficient hole transfer of CZS, resulting from the intimate atomic contacts between CoP mediator and photocatalysts, together with favorable band alignment. Meanwhile, the multiple monodispersed Z‐scheme nanojunctions could provide abundant reaction sites, which was also important for the boosted activity.
Human hair tests to document drug environmental contamination: Application in a family law case involving N,N‐dimethyltryptamine
Authors: Kintz Pascal , Ameline Alice , Raul Jean‐Sébastien 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFor 40 years, hair tests have been presented as the best approach to document long‐term consumption of a drug. This unique property has found numerous applications in clinical, forensic, and occupational toxicology. However, since the beginning of its implementation in biology, external contamination, with an associated risk of false positive result, has been presented as the key in the final interpretation. Evidence of environmental contamination and subsequent health issues can be the task of any toxicologist. Because of recent progress of analytical equipment, it is now possible to quantify drugs in hair with high level of accuracy and specificity at the pg/mg range. Therefore, segmental hair tests can be used to document environmental contamination and are the objective of this publication. In a family law case, N,N‐dimethyltryptamine (DMT), a powerful hallucinogen, has been found in the hair of the partner of a repetitive DMT smoker at 4 to 13 pg/mg in 6 × 1 cm segments, with a regular increase of concentrations from the proximal to the distal hair end. The low measured concentrations and the particular pattern of DMT distribution along the hair shaft seem to be typical of environmental contamination, the older hair (those of the distal part) being for a longer time in contact with the drug. Despite strong decontamination, drugs from the environment can remain bound to the hair matrix and therefore be able to be used to document environmental contamination.
Lineage tracing of cells expressing the ciliary gene IFT140 during bone development
Authors: Chen Yubei , Fan Qiqi , Zhang Han , Tao Dike , Wang Yibin , Yue Rui , Sun Yao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrimary cilia influence cell function and tissue development. Ciliary signaling is mediated by two intraflagellar transport (IFT) protein complexes, IFT‐A and IFT‐B. The IFT‐A complex is responsible for retrograde transport, and IFT140 is a core protein in the A complex. Mutations in IFT140 cause a variety of skeletal disorders. However, the expression and role of IFT140 during bone development remain unclear. In this study, to further explore the potential role of IFT140 in osteogenesis, we used cell lineage tracing and conditional knockout to analyze the distribution and function of IFT140‐positive cells during bone formation.ResultsIn newborn Ift140‐creER; R26RtdTomato mice, IFT140‐positive cells were mainly located in the medullary cavity and then migrated to and differentiated on the surface of trabecular and cortical bone. In contrast, the number of IFT140‐positive cells significantly decreased in the adult stage, and these cells were only located in the bone marrow cavity for a short time. In Osx‐cre; Ift140flox/flox mice, the loss of IFT140 in preosteoblasts caused bone loss in the trabecular bone area at 10 weeks.ConclusionThe results revealed that IFT140‐positive cells mainly contribute to the early stage of bone formation.
Lining the nest with more feathers increases offspring recruitment probability: Selection on an extended phenotype in the blue tit
Authors: Järvinen Pauliina , Brommer Jon E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBirds, among various other taxa, construct nests. Nests form an extended phenotype of the individual building it. Nests are used to extend control over the conditions in which offspring develop, and are therefore commonly considered to be shaped by selection. Nevertheless, scarcely any scientific evidence exist that nest composition is under selection. Here, we demonstrate with data from over 400 blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) nests collected over 8 years that a higher proportion of feathers in the nest lining is positively associated with the probability of offspring to recruit as a breeding adult later in life. Strikingly, the extended phenotype (nest) was associated stronger with recruitment probability than phenotypic traits that have typically been considered important in selection (laying date, and female size and condition). Our findings suggest that the choice of nest material could be a maternal behavior with potential lifelong effects on her offspring.
Myocarditis and intramural coronary vasculitis in polyarteritis nodosa: an unusual treatable form of heart failure
Authors: Chimenti Cristina , Alfarano Maria , Toto Federica , Fanisio Francesca , Verardo Romina , Galea Nicola , Agati Luciano , Frustaci Andrea 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe describe an uncommon cardiac presentation of polyarteritis nodosa. A 68‐year‐old woman, with a history of fatigue, weight loss, and myalgia of the lower extremities, was admitted for congestive heart failure. Coronary arteries were normal. Endomyocardial biopsy showed active lymphocytic myocarditis with associated intramural small vessels necrotizing vasculitis. The overexpression of TLR‐4 and the negativity for myocardial viruses suggested an immune mediated mechanism of cardiac damage. These histologic findings associated to weight loss >4 kg not due to dieting or other factors, myalgias, and polyneuropathy, were consistent with the diagnosis of polyarteritis nodosa. Immunosuppressive treatment, consisting of cyclophosphamide and prednisolone, led to a significant improvement of cardiac function. Polyarteritis nodosa can be the cause of unexplained heart failure due to myocarditis and intramural vessels vasculitis. Its recognition is crucial to obtain a cardiac recovery with a tailored immunosuppressive treatment.
Common mechanistic pathways in cancer and heart failure. A scientific roadmap on behalf of the Translational Research Committee of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)
Authors: de Boer Rudolf A. , Hulot Jean‐Sébastien , Tocchetti Carlo Gabriele , Aboumsallem Joseph Pierre , Ameri Pietro , Anker Stefan D. , Bauersachs Johann , Bertero Edoardo , Coats Andrew J.S. , Čelutkienė Jelena , Chioncel Ovidiu , Dodion Pierre , Eschenhagen Thomas , Farmakis Dimitrios , Bayes‐Genis Antoni , Jäger Dirk , Jankowska Ewa A. , Kitsis Richard N. , Konety Suma H. , Larkin James , Lehmann Lorenz , Lenihan Daniel J. , Maack Christoph , Moslehi Javid J. , Müller Oliver J. , Nowak‐Sliwinska Patrycja , Piepoli Massimo Francesco , Ponikowski Piotr , Pudil Radek , Rainer Peter P. , Ruschitzka Frank , Sawyer Douglas , Seferovic Petar M. , Suter Thomas , Thum Thomas , van der Meer Peter , Van Laake Linda W. , von Haehling Stephan , Heymans Stephane , Lyon Alexander R. , Backs Johannes 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe co‐occurrence of cancer and heart failure (HF) represents a significant clinical drawback as each disease interferes with the treatment of the other. In addition to shared risk factors, a growing body of experimental and clinical evidence reveals numerous commonalities in the biology underlying both pathologies. Inflammation emerges as a common hallmark for both diseases as it contributes to the initiation and progression of both HF and cancer. Under stress, malignant and cardiac cells change their metabolic preferences to survive, which makes these metabolic derangements a great basis to develop intersection strategies and therapies to combat both diseases. Furthermore, genetic predisposition and clonal haematopoiesis are common drivers for both conditions and they hold great clinical relevance in the context of personalized medicine. Additionally, altered angiogenesis is a common hallmark for failing hearts and tumours and represents a promising substrate to target in both diseases. Cardiac cells and malignant cells interact with their surrounding environment called stroma. This interaction mediates the progression of the two pathologies and understanding the structure and function of each stromal component may pave the way for innovative therapeutic strategies and improved outcomes in patients. The interdisciplinary collaboration between cardiologists and oncologists is essential to establish unified guidelines. To this aim, pre‐clinical models that mimic the human situation, where both pathologies coexist, are needed to understand all the aspects of the bidirectional relationship between cancer and HF. Finally, adequately powered clinical studies, including patients from all ages, and men and women, with proper adjudication of both cancer and cardiovascular endpoints, are essential to accurately study these two pathologies at the same time.
Frequency, trends and institutional variation in 30‐day all‐cause mortality and unplanned readmissions following hospitalisation for heart failure in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Labrosciano Clementine , Horton Dennis , Air Tracy , Tavella Rosanna , Beltrame John F. , Zeitz Christopher J. , Krumholz Harlan M. , Adams Robert J.T. , Scott Ian A. , Gallagher Martin , Hossain Sadia , Hariharaputhiran Saranya , Ranasinghe Isuru 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsNational 30‐day mortality and readmission rates after heart failure (HF) hospitalisations are a focus of US policy intervention and yet have rarely been assessed in other comparable countries. We examined the frequency, trends and institutional variation in 30‐day mortality and unplanned readmission rates after HF hospitalisations in Australia and New Zealand.Methods and resultsWe included patients >18 years hospitalised with HF at all public and most private hospitals from 2010–15. The primary outcomes were the frequencies of 30‐day mortality and unplanned readmissions, and the institutional risk‐standardised mortality rate (RSMR) and readmission rate (RSRR) evaluated using separate cohorts. The mortality cohort included 153 592 patients (mean age 78.9 ± 11.8 years, 51.5% male) with 16 442 (10.7%) deaths within 30 days. The readmission cohort included 148 704 patients (mean age 78.6 ± 11.9 years, 51.7% male) with 33 158 (22.3%) unplanned readmission within 30 days. In 392 hospitals with at least 25 HF hospitalisations, the median RSMR was 10.7% (range 6.1–17.3%) with 59 hospitals significantly different from the national average. Similarly, in 391 hospitals with at least 25 HF hospitalisations, the median RSRR was 22.3% (range 17.7–27.1%) with 24 hospitals significantly different from the average. From 2010–15, the adjusted 30‐day mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.991/month, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.990–0.992, P < 0.01] and unplanned readmission (OR 0.998/month, 95% CI 0.998–0.999, P < 0.01) rates declined.ConclusionWithin 30 days of a HF hospitalisation, one in 10 patients died and almost a quarter of those surviving experienced an unplanned readmission. The risk of these outcomes varied widely among hospitals suggesting disparities in HF care quality. Nevertheless, a substantial decline in 30‐day mortality and a modest decline in readmissions occurred over the study period.
Management of Pregnancy during the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Wu Di , Fang Dong , Wang Renjie , Deng Dongrui , Liao Shujie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is spreading worldwide. All aspects of pregnancy management from conception to delivery to puerperium as risks facing newborns are herein, reviewed. Maternal home management and prenatal care management protection, delivery timing or mode selection, delivery process management, and subsequent puerperal protection are crucial. In this Review, the features and treatment strategies, especially emphasizing the safety of antiviral drugs for pregnant women, the wearing of face masks, and practicing of personal hygiene (e.g., handwashing, disinfection, home cleaning, and ventilation) are reviewed as essential protective measures. It is recommended to provide online consultation, telemedicine, and remote fetal heart rate monitoring and set the flow point for prenatal examination to encourage prenatal examination at home or postponing examinations (except nuchal translucency at 11‐13+6 weeks, Oscar Test at 16 weeks, and fetal ultrasound at 20–24 weeks). It is shown that the precise formulation of follow‐up strategies for pregnant women with COVID‐19 is necessary.
Molecular changes associated with the anticancer effect of sulforaphane against Ehrlich solid tumour in mice
Authors: Abouzed Tarek K. , Beltagy Esraa‐Elden R. , Kahilo Khaled A. , Ibrahim Wafaa M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe anticancer effect of sulforaphane (SFN) is mediated by several signalling pathways. However, little is known regarding the underlying mechanism in Ehrlich solid tumours (ESTs) in mice. This study was conducted to determine molecular changes associated with the anticancer effect of SFN and to compare its preventive (cotreatment) and therapeutic (posttreatment) effects. Ehrlich (murine mammary adenocarcinoma) solid tumour was selected and changes in the gene expression were determined in tumour tissues by the real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that SFN increased the expression of the oxidative stress geneNrF2and its downstream targets (HO1andCAT). Conversely, SFN administration decreased the expression of the epigenesis‐related genes (HDAC1andDNMT1) and inflammation‐related genes (TNFa,NFkBandCox2). Overall, SFN cotreatment presented notable molecular changes than the posttreatment strategy. These data suggest that molecular changes associated with the anticancer effects of SFN against EST involved induction of oxidative stress, inhibition of inflammation and epigenetic modifications.