bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building human capacities for HIA
Authors: Haigh F , Kim J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Health Impact Assessment (HIA) requires capacity building in technical, operational and strategic domains at individual and organisational levels. HIA capacity building frameworks also need to adapt to different types of HIA approaches and organisational, institutional and cultural contexts. To build capacity in these domains, many institutions around the world develop and provide training programs and technical support fit-for-purpose HIA in their respective local and regional institutional contexts. For example, in Australia, the Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity (CPHCE) has conducted Learning by Doing (LbD) programs in HIA since 2002 which aims at acquiring knowledge and skills through active involvement with practical, real-world experience. These training programs have supported building capacity to undertake HIAs in more than 30 countries and involved more than 2,000 participants. In South Korea, the Korea Institute of Health and Social Affairs (KIHASA) has provided technical and financial support for central and local governments to conduct HIAs since 2008. A total of 27 HIAs were conducted in diverse policy areas including urban planning, housing, transportation, education, welfare, and health services.
In this session, we review the competencies for HIA in the multilevel domains and compare international HIA capacity building programs against these domains to discuss strengths, limitations, challenges and future directions.
A qualitative study on resident engagement in a community-based health promotion intervention
Authors: Srivarathan A , Lund R , Christensen U , Kristiansen M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Emerging evidence points towards lower quality of life, more fragile social relations and suboptimal health behaviour and health status of residents living in social housing areas characterized by ethnic diversity and socioeconomic disadvantage. Residents from social housing areas are less likely to engage in health promotion interventions compared to the rest of society. Community-based health promotion interventions developed in collaboration with the target group and adjusted to local context can affect the acceptance of and engagement in such interventions. However, few studies have investigated the potential of community-based interventions in social housing areas. This study explores resident perspectives on engagement in a community-based health promotion intervention focusing on enhancing social relations. Engagement was the key foundation for the designing and implementation of the intervention by the use of graphic facilitation. The intervention consisted of social outings to different sights and historical landmarks in Denmark. The study builds on qualitative methods including participant observations combined with pre- and post-intervention interviews with a selected group of residents (n = 9). Data were thematically analysed with a focus on participation in an everyday life context and by concepts of othering and territorial stigmatization. Engagement in the intervention was motivated by a need for establishing and enhancing social relations, and exploring the world outside the housing area. However, barriers including cultural and language differences among residents and competing contextual factors challenged engagement. We conclude that participatory community-based interventions have a potential to enhance social relations in social housing areas. Nevertheless, it is necessary to understand the motives and barriers to ensure feasible and relevant health promotion interventions and future engagement among residents living in social housing areas.
Built environment and autism: towards a set of spatial requirements for autism friendly cities
Authors: Tola G , Talu V , Lindert J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The opportunity for people functioning in an atypical way to autonomously and fully interact with the city is often compromised or denied, due to the gap between their specific spatial needs and the physical and functional organization of the urban environment. The need to reconsider the living environments taking into account the vast diversity of people gained an increasing importance in the overall debate and specifically in the field of urban planning and design. The research aims at investigating the relationship between the urban environment and people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).

Methods
A scoping review of current available original studies research exploring the relationship between autism and built environment was conducted. PubMed, Scopus, PsychInfo and Web Of Science where searched. Studies included provided spatial requirements for designing autism friendly environment.

Results
In total, 801 studies were identified and 22 were included. Current researches and applications investigating the role of spatial configuration as a means for improving the autonomy of people with ASD almost exclusively focus on closed and dedicated spaces (residences, schools, care facilities, healing gardens) mostly devoted to children.
Starting from this and the data collected, a first set of enabling urban spatial requirements addressing the atypical urban functioning of people with ASD - the reduction of sensory overload and the use of visual supports - in order to promote their possibility to walk autonomously and safely across the everyday city is proposed.

Conclusions
Despite the wide variability of the spectrum which makes it very difficult to define effective design criteria for all people with ASD, it's possible to identify a set of recurrent spatial needs. Furthermore, designing cities for people with ASD can also contribute to healthier and more inclusive urban environments for other groups of vulnerable inhabitants.
Concept and Strategy for Implementing the National Action Plan on Health Literacy in Germany
Authors: Schaeffer D , Berens E , Gille S , Hurrelmann K , Bauer U 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
In Germany, the development of the National Action Plan on Health Literacy (NAP) was triggered by results of the HLS-GER, the first representative study on HL in Germany, showing that more than half of the German population perceive great problems in processing health information. In response to this, a group of 15 experts from academia, practice and policy worked together on a first draft of the NAP, which was refined based on various stakeholder consultations and finally published in 2018. The plan focuses on four areas of action and initially presents 15 specific recommendations to strengthen health literacy in Germany following five key principles. After the delivery to the Federal Minister of Health in 2018, it quickly became clear that the action plan and its recommendations need additional tools for implementation. Therefore, a systematic implementation strategy was developed.

Methods
Core elements of the implementation strategy were a systematic dissemination of the plan as well as workshops with important stakeholders from policy, associations, patient and self-help organisations. The aim of the workshops was it to concretise single recommendations of the NAP and to develop additional tools to implement them in specific fields of actions. The workshops led to policy papers, which were consented by a group of stakeholders and again disseminated broadly.

Results
Through numerous publications and presentations in different contexts the NAP received great attention. Furthermore, seven workshops and one international symposium were conducted focussing on single recommendations of the NAP, each leading to policy papers. The workshops and policy papers contributed to identification with the NAP and motivated the development of tools to promote health literacy.

Conclusions
The implementation strategy was effective as many stakeholders could be involved. It is also resource and time consuming which needs to be considered in project planning.
Health Literacy Action Plan: the Portuguese Implementation
Authors: Arriaga M , Freitas G , Costa A , Ribeiro da Silva C , Mata F , dos Santos B , Chaves da Silva N 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Noncommunicable diseases represent a significant burden in terms of mortality and years lived with disability within the Portuguese population. This burden can be prevented though the adoption of healthy lifestyles, making health literacy (HL) an important factor in this scope. In order to minimise the impact of NCDs, it is important to implement extensive and effective interventions for disease management. In view of this situation, the Directorate-General of Health (DGS) developed a National HL Action Plan to promote HL and design new opportunities to engage the population.

Methods
Recognising the importance of HL, in 2017, the DGS created the Division of Literacy, Health and Well-being. With this in mind, and with an intersectoral group of experts, this division defined the national policy for HL. The action plan was developed based on international best practices for the definition and implementation of actions to promote HL, taking into account that these actions should explore different approaches such as life-cycle and stage of development, taking advantage of all the opportunities to promote HL and self-care. Thus, three main goals were defined: Promote the adoption of healthy lifestyles; promote the proper use of the health system; promote well-being in chronic illness; promote knowledge and research.

Results
The implementation of the activities has been carried out with the citizens and multiple stakeholders in order to achieve a sustainable growth of the HL in all levels. This, in turn, directly contributes to an informed self-management of health for the improvement of the health levels of the Portuguese population.

Conclusions
The HL Action Plan is still in effect and the products developed in articulation with other sectors has been shown to be central for achieving the goals defined. Hopefully the impact of this action plan will be reflected in upcoming literacy assessments and allow the benchmarking with other stakeholders.
Developing the European Health Literacy Action Plan using a transformative future scenario planning approach
Authors: Sørensen K , Koylyu A , Mikkelsen B 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The 53 Member States of the WHO European Region adopted in 2019 a health literacy roadmap and a resolution to develop an action plan to guide the work of the Member States. The development of the action plan builds on achievements regarding the EU funded European Health Literacy Survey and the WHO action networks on health literacy measurement and NCD related demonstration projects as well as the multiple national initiatives launched in the European region in the last decade.

Methods
Scenario planning is a methodology that uses the inherent human capacity for imagining futures to better understand the present regarding the development of a new strategy or action plan. In the kick-off phase of the development process of the health literacy action plan, a transformative future scenario planning approach was applied in combination with a SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) of current achievements, challenges and gaps considering the development of health literate societies involving 50 experts from a wide range of sectors and disciplines. Additionally, an iterative process followed including technical consultations with experts in Europe in preparation for a governmental consultation.

Results
The SWOT analysis, long-sight planning and generation of complementary concrete actions served as basis for the development of the action plan highlighting its relevance, sustainability and accountability. Additionally, the health literacy plan was developed in a process of co-creation with the wider health literacy community as well as stakeholders with multiple backgrounds in research, policy, education and practice.

Conclusions
The European health literacy action plan is multi-sectoral, people-centred and targeted governmental actions with the aim of developing health literate societies and populations. It can serve as a model for other world regions to adapt.
What in the world is happening? The numbers behind environmental health
Authors: Garcia T 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Climate change has made many headlines in the last few years. Because it threatens clean air, safe drinking water, nutritious food supply, and safe shelter, it can have a negative impact on health and undermine any progress on development. The price of inaction is high and the Sustainable Development Goals are a global effort to avoid it. However, Public Health must become a more active player to create greener services to serve a healthier world.

Objective
This presentation aims to provide a historical overview on the evolution of climate change, what we actually know about it, what is its impact on health and the need for green health services.

Results
Human activity since the mid-20th century has largely contributed to rapid climate change, including a rise in average surface temperature (0,9 degrees Celsius), most of which occurred in the past 35 years, and subsequent rise on other extreme events, such as intense rainfalls. Estimations make it that, by 2030, climate change will increase not only the number of deaths by malnutrition, malaria, diarrhoea and heat stress, but also the direct damage costs to health to USD 2-4 billion per year. This not only adds vulnerability to already fragile countries, but also compromises the Sustainable Development Goals. Along that, the healthcare sector is playing a role on generating millions of tons of waste, some of which is toxic, contributing to loss of global habitat and biodiversity and the impairment of the health of the world's ecosystem.

Conclusions
There is enough evidence-based data to support que need for relevant policies or innovative programmes that, besides implementing and advocating for better public health and health systems in each country, can also contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals, namely goals number 7, 8, 11, 12 and 13, and a healthy planet to go along with healthy people.
What can public health do about it? How public health projects and programs can be more sustainable
Authors: Rachadell J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Our global society has evolved in the last century at an astonishing pace, with human population more than doubling in the last 50 years. Public Health has been largely influenced in a positive way by the social and technological advancements that lead to a decrease in child mortality and an increase in life expectancy. However, the accelerated pace of climate change and its predicted impact on population health is one of the greatest challenges the human species faces. There are many ways PH can contribute in that challenge, from legislative action and advocacy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and toxic waste on a global scale to small projects that tackle locally specific problems.

Objective
This presentation is part of a workshop on how individuals and public health (PH) can create a more sustainable world. It aims specifically to present examples and ideas of how to make current public health projects at a local level more sustainable.

Results
Several examples will be discussed during the presentation, including the adherence to European directives, like reducing the amount of paper used in projects, and the focus on the environmental impacts of each program implemented, creating a mindset of “sustainability in all action”.

Conclusions
There seems to be a global concern about climate change, with many strategic documents and agreements outlining the path for a more sustainable world. However, there is also a clear difficulty in translating those strategies to action in our everyday Public Health practice. The changes referred during this presentation might not be directly related to the main goal of the project or program, yet they by contributing to climate action they will also contribute to population health gains.
Assessing health system functions
Authors: Rajan D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Health system functions are the core components of the HSPA Framework for UHC. In line with the existing work, we have distinguished four health system functions: governance, financing, resource generation and service delivery. For each of those functions we have identified a number of sub-functions through a systematic process. We then linked the sub-functions and functions to specific assessment areas and identified indicative measures from routinely collected data and/or existing health system assessment tools that can be used to operationalize the framework.
This presentation will introduce the four functions in terms of: 1) where they fit in the framework; 2) how they are conceptualised through sub-functions and 3) how they can be assessed using the framework. It will elaborate on how each of these functions makes contribution towards health system performance and will highlight the linkages between performance of the functions and health system goals.
The number of cancers attributable to tobacco by sex, in mainland Portugal, in 2008
Authors: Duarte S , Gonçalves L , Kislaya I , Garcia A C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
In Portugal, cancer incidence increases annually about 3%. In 2016, cancer was the first cause of premature death, corresponding to 5 296.8 DALYs/100,000 inhabitants. The aim of this study is to estimate the number of cancers attributable to tobacco in mainland's Portugal by sex.

Methods
An observational, ecological, analytic study was performed. Data was collected by sex: tobacco consumption (current or past) in mainland Portugal resident population older than 20 years, in 1998; incidence of 12 types of cancer, by location: Esophagus (C15), Stomach (C16), Colon (C18), Rectum (C20), Liver (C22), Pancreas (C25), Larynx (C32), Lung (C34), Kidney (C64) and Bladder (C67), according to the ICD-10 classification, in 2008. The population attributable fraction (PAF), for each type of cancer, was calculated with Levin's formula. The confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by Monte Carlo simulation.

Results
The prevalence of tobacco consumption in population between 20-79 years old was 33.41% (CI 95% 32.44-34.38) and 9.88% (CI 95% 9.29-10.54) for men and women, respectively. Higher values of PAF were estimated to lung cancer (76.32% in men, 46.99% in women) followed by larynx cancer (69.55% in men, 39.13% in women).The largest number of attributed cases was estimated for lung cancer (1211 in men, 368 in women) and bladder cancer (827 in men, 114 in women). Total cancers attributable to tobacco were superior in men (3776 vs. 677).

Conclusions
In 2008, 4453 of the total common cancers in both sexes could have been avoided if there was no tobacco consumption (current and past). More cancers would have been prevented in men because they smoked more, but also because in most cancers' RR is higher in men. Actually, tobacco consumption has been increasing in women, thus, it is expected that its number of avoided cancers will approximate the one in men. Campaigns with well-defined target populations are important to increase its health level.

Key messages
Tobacco is a modifiable risk factor which can be prevented; thus it is important to promote campaigns in order to prevent early consumption. Secondary data must be used to provide evidence that will help Public Health in taking better decisions regarding interventions.
The Brazilian conditional cash transfer program and cardiovascular mortality: a data linkage study
Authors: Pescarini J M , Craig P , Allik M , Amorim L , Ali M S , Smeeth L , Barreto M L , Leyland A , Aquino E M L , Katikireddi S V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Conditional cash transfer programmes (CCTs) make monetary transfers to poor families conditional on health check-ups and/or education attendance. CCTs have been key in reducing poverty and improving child and maternal health in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) but their impact on cardiovascular mortality have not been studied. We aimed to evaluate the effect of the CCT Bolsa Familia Program (BFP) on premature all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in Brazil.

Methods
The 100 Million Brazilian Cohort combined information about individuals applying for social programmes, the BFP and mortality data. We analysed ∼8 million individuals aged 30-69 who applied from 2011 to 2015. We calculated inverse probability weights (IPW) for the probability to receive BFP based on baseline observed characteristics (age, education, race, geographical location, household characteristics and year of application). Individuals were followed until they reached 70 years of age, died by any cause, or until 31st Dec 2015. We used Poisson regression (with person-years as the offset) and IPWs to compare BFP recipients to a comparable control population. Females and males were analysed separately.

Results
By following individuals for up to 4 years, 43,562 deaths by all-causes occurred among 4,197,658 females and 69,209 deaths among 3,672,393 males. Female BFP beneficiaries had approximately 60% lower all-cause mortality (IRR=0.40;95%CI=0.37-0.42) and CVD mortality (IRR=0.42;95%CI=0.37-0.47) than non-beneficiaries. Males who are BFP beneficiaries had ∼50% lower all-cause (IRR=0.53;95%CI=0.52-0.55) and 60% lower cardiovascular mortality (IRR=0.40;95%CI=0.38-0.42) than non-beneficiaries.

Conclusions
BFP, the world's largest CCT, may substantially decrease premature mortality. CCTs might have important implications for the growing burden of non-communicable diseases, with impacts potentially due to improved nutrition, socioeconomic conditions and improved primary care access.

Key messages
The Brazilian CCT, a widely recognized programme for poverty alleviation, have showed to be associated with lower overall and cardiovascular premature mortality in both women and men. Other countries, particularly LMICs, may learn from the health benefits of CCTs and should consider its potential large effect on mortality when planning austerity policies.