bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new type of experimentally proposed in situ heat/gas clean foam fracturing fluid system
Authors: Zhang Kuangsheng , Zhao Zhenfeng , Tang Meirong , Chen Wenbin , Wang Chengwang , Mao Xinyu , Li Nianyin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhen cold fluid is injected into low-temperature, low-pressure, low-permeability reservoirs containing wax-bearing heavy oil, cryogenic paraffin deposition and heavy oil condensation will occur, thus damaging the formation. Moreover, the formation pressure coefficient is low and the working fluid flowback efficiency is low, which affects the fracturing stimulation effect. Therefore, an in situ heat/gas clean foam fracturing fluid system is proposed. This system can ensure that conventional fracturing fluid can create fractures and carry proppant in the reservoir, generate heat in situ to avoid cold damage, reduce the viscosity, and improve the fluidity of crude oil. The in situ heat fracturing fluid generates a large amount of inert gas while generating heat, thus forming foam-like fracturing fluid, reducing fluid loss, improving proppant-carrying performance, improving gel-breaking performance, effectively improving crack conductivity, and is clean and environmentally friendly. Based on the improved existing fracturing fluid system, in this paper, a new type of in situ heat fracturing fluid system is proposed, and a system optimization evaluation is conducted through laboratory experiments according to the performance evaluation standard of water-based fracturing fluid. Compared with the traditional in situ heat fracturing fluid system, the fracturing fluid system proposed in this study generates a large amount of inert gas and form foam-like fracturing fluid, reduces fluid loss, enhances the proppant-carrying capacity and gel-breaking performance, improves crack conductivity, the gel without residue and that the gel-breaking liquid is clean and harmless.
Tribological behavior of ammonium-based protic ionic liquid as lubricant additive
Authors: Guo Hong , Iglesias Patricia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this study, the tribological behavior of an ammonium-based protic ionic liquid (PIL) as an additive in a base mineral oil (MO) is investigated on a steel-steel contact at room temperature and 100 °C. Tri-[bis(2-hydroxyethylammonium)] citrate (DCi) was synthesized in a simple and low-cost way, and the ionic structure of DCi was confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). The stability measurement of 1 wt% DCi to a MO was investigated, and the lubricating ability and anti-wear properties of DCi as an additive in MO were also examined using a custom-designed reciprocating ball-on-flat tribometer. Optical microscope and profilometry were used to obtain the worn morphology of the steel disks. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were carried out to investigate the wear mechanism and to analyze the surface interactions between the rubbing components. When 1 wt% DCi is added into the base MO, frictional performance is improved at both temperatures studied with a friction reduction of 29.0% and 35.5%, respectively. Moreover, the addition of 1 wt% DCi to MO reduced the wear volume 59.4% compared to the use of MO. An oxygen-richened tribolayer is confirmed by EDS on the disk surface when DCi was used as additive under 100 °C.
Comparing the effects of whey and casein supplementation on nutritional status and immune parameters in patients with chronic liver disease: a randomised double-blind controlled trial
Authors: Mizubuti Y. G. G. , Vieira E. L. M. , Silva T. A. , d’Alessandro M. O. , Generoso S. V. , Teixeira A. L. , Lima A. S. , Correia M. I. T. D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractProtein supplementation may be beneficial for patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). This study compared the effects of whey protein isolate (WP) and casein (CA) supplementation on nutritional status and immune parameters of CLD patients who were randomly assigned to take 20 g of WP or CA twice per d as a supplement for 15 d. Body composition, muscle functionality and plasmatic immunomarkers were assessed before and after supplementation. Patients were also classified according to the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) into less (MELD < 15) and more (MELD ≥ 15) severe disease groups. Malnutrition, determined by the Subjective Global Assessment at baseline, was observed in 57·4 % and 54·2 % of patients in the WP and CA groups, respectively (P = 0·649). Protein intake was lower at baseline in the WP group than in the CA group (P = 0·035), with no difference after supplementation (P = 0·410). Both the WP and CA MELD < 15 groups increased protein intake after supplementation according to the intragroup analysis. No differences were observed in body composition, muscle functionality, most plasma cytokines (TNF, IL-6, IL-1β and interferon-γ), immunomodulatory proteins (sTNFR1, sTNFR2, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor) or immunomodulatory hormones (adiponectin, insulin and leptin) after supplementation in the WP groups at the two assessed moments. WP supplementation increased the levels of interferon-γ-induced protein-10/CXCL10 (P = 0·022), eotaxin-1/CCL11 (P = 0·031) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/CCL2 (P = 0·018) and decreased IL-5 (P = 0·027), including among those in the MELD ≥ 15 group, for whom IL-10 was also increased (P = 0·008). Thus, WP consumption by patients with CLD impacted the immunomodulatory responses when compared with CA with no impact on nutritional status.
The Roots of Comparative Alterity in Siam: Depicting, describing, and defining the peoples of the world, 1830s–1850s
Authors: REEDER MATTHEW 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article identifies a moment of conceptual innovation—the 1830s to the 1850s—in which everyday artists and writers in Siam were tasked with creating comparative representations of the peoples of the world. Although their compositions took a variety of formats, they departed from earlier representations of alterity by devoting equal attention to each ‘type’, including the Thai themselves. This approach is best exemplified in three mid-nineteenth-century works: (1) a set of archetypal portraits of about 20 peoples painted on the shutters of a major Buddhist monastery, (2) sculptures of 32 peoples at the same monastery with a short poem describing each one, and (3) entries defining terms for peoples in an early Thai–Thai dictionary. The systematic formatting of these works drew on similar compositions circulating across the nineteenth-century globe. Yet, despite the presence in Bangkok of foreign interlocutors and imported books and prints, the mid-nineteenth-century compositions preserve ethnic tropes and practices of expression specific to Siam. In addition, the agents of intellectual innovation were not restricted to the usual princely or missionary protagonists. It was a motley cast of anonymous artists, local scholars, and middling officials who tapped traditional genres of composition and local markers of differentiation to render the peoples of the world as comparable, generic, and fixed.
Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and tetralogy of Fallot: transannular path augmentation versus systemic to pulmonary artery shunt for first-stage palliation
Authors: Lenoir Marien , Fouilloux Virginie , Desnous Beatrice , Rahmani Bilal , El Gueddari Nabila , Ovaert Caroline , Aries Edouard , El Louali Fedoua , Aldebert Philippe , Metras Dominique , Macé Loic 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground:Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and severe tetralogy of Fallot require a palliative procedure for pulmonary artery rehabilitation. For first-stage palliation, two main surgical options are still debated: right ventricle to pulmonary artery connection and modified Blalock–Taussig shunt. We compared the clinical outcomes of the two procedures.Methods:From 1995 to 2018, 88 patients needed palliation (pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect n = 47; tetralogy of Fallot n = 41). Among these patients, 70 modified Blalock–Taussig shunt and 18 transannular path augmentation were performed before 6 months of age. Using a 1:1 propensity score match analysis, 20 patients were included in the analysis. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and pulmonary artery growth.Results:After matching, the pre-operative Nakata was smaller in transannular path augmentation 54 ± 24 mm2/m2 than modified Blalock–Taussig shunt 109 ± 31 mm2/m2 (p < 0.001). The age and weight were similar (p = 0.31 and p = 0.9, respectively). There was no difference in in-hospital mortality (p = 0.3). The Nakata index before biventricular repair and delta Nakata were smaller in modified Blalock–Taussig shunt group (206 ± 80 mm2/m2, 75 ± 103 mm2/m2) than transannular path augmentation (365 ± 170 mm2/m2, 214 ± 165 mm2/m2; p = 0.03; p < 0.001). Median time to biventricular repair was similar (p = 0.46). The rate of interstage reintervention was similar (p = 0.63).Conclusions:The transannular path augmentation is better for the rehabilitation of the native pulmonary artery. Despite a smaller pulmonary artery, right ventricle to pulmonary artery connection is equivalent to modified Blalock–Taussig shunt for rate of biventricular repair and time to biventricular repair.
PRESERVING THE INTEREST THEORY OF RIGHTS
Authors: McBride Mark 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTAccording to interest theorists of rights, rights function to protect the right-holder's interests. True. But this leaves a lot unsaid. Most saliently here, it is certainly not the case that every agent who stands to benefit from performance of a duty gets to be a right-holder. For a theory to allow this to be the case—to allow for an explosion of right-holders—would be tantamount to a reductio thereof. So the challenge for interest theorists is to respect the core of the interest theory while delimiting the set of right-holders in a principled manner. The foremost explicit attempt to do this has invoked Bentham's test. Predictably, invocation of this test has come under attack, with the ultimate aim of challenging the interest theory itself. My purpose in this paper is to render Bentham's test as clearly and accurately as possible. Doing so will raise issues of modality—ultimately in rendering Bentham's test's logical form. Ultimately a core attack on Bentham's test falls away, and, to that extent, the interest theory remains standing as a promising theory of rights.
The Bazaar, the State, and the Struggle for Public Opinion in Nineteenth-Century Afghanistan
Authors: KARIMI ALI 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPublic opinion is formed by the information that the public consumes. The state, whether democratic or authoritarian, employs various media of communication to influence people's opinions and behaviours. In the nineteenth century, Afghan rulers would traditionally use force and religion to gain popular support and strengthen their authority. In the second half of the century, they started to use print technology to build their relationships with the public. The state's print, however, had to compete with the institution of the bazaar that had long served as the central place where information circulated in public. This article, drawing mostly on unexamined Afghan sources, offers an account of how the bazaar operated as a source of information and how the Afghan state tried to suppress it. The history of this information conflict uncovers new aspects in the troublesome relationship between the government and the governed in Afghanistan.
Evolution of the determinants of unmet health care needs in a universal health care system: Canada, 2001–2014
Authors: Allan Ian , Ammi Mehdi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhile ensuring adequate access to care is a central concern in countries with universal health care coverage, unmet health care needs remain prevalent. However, subjective unmet health care needs (SUN) can arise from features of a health care system (system reasons) or from health care users' choices or constraints (personal reasons). Furthermore, investigating the evolution of SUN within a health care system has rarely been carried out. We investigate whether health needs, predisposing factors and enabling factors differentially affect SUN for system reasons and SUN for personal reasons, and whether these influences are stable over time, using representative data from the Canadian Community Health Surveys from 2001 to 2014. While SUN slightly decreased overall during our period of observation, the share of SUN for system reasons increased. Some key determinants appear to consistently increase SUN reporting over all our observation periods, in particular being a woman, younger, in poorer health or not having a regular doctor. The distinction between personal and system reasons is important to better understand individual experiences. Notably, women report more SUN for system reasons and less for personal reasons, and reporting system reasons increases with age. Given this stability over time, our results may inform health policymakers on which subpopulations to target to ensure access to health care is universal.
Tolerance of pintoi peanut to PRE and POST herbicides
Authors: Martin Logan J. , Dias José Luiz C.S. , Sellers Brent A. , Ferrell Jason A. , Leon Ramon G. , Vendramini João M.B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPintoi peanut is a warm-season perennial legume that shows promise as a forage crop for the southeastern United States, however, little is known about the proper methods of weed management during establishment for this species. The objective of this study was to determine the ability of pintoi peanut to tolerate applications of PRE and POST herbicides during the year of and year after planting. The effects of herbicide treatments on percentage of visual estimates of injury and stand counts of pintoi peanut were investigated at Ona and Marianna, FL, in 2015 and 2016. All PRE herbicides did not result in significant injury or stand reduction. Pintoi peanut’s tolerance to POST herbicides was higher when plants were emerged for at least 2 wk prior to herbicide application. Stands of pintoi peanut that were planted the previous year appear to tolerate all herbicides examined in this work, except sulfosulfuron. Results of this study indicate that at the year of planting pintoi peanut is tolerant to PRE applications of pendimethalin, imazethapyr, and imazapic. Pintoi peanut appears to tolerate applications of 2,4-D, carfentrazone, imazapic and imazethapyr the year after planting at the rates utilized in this study. Future research should evaluate the effects of multiple herbicide applications and tank-mixes to obtain satisfactory weed control and selectivity in pintoi peanut swards.
Molecular confirmation of resistance to PPO inhibitors in Amaranthus tuberculatus and Amaranthus palmeri, and isolation of the G399A PPO2 substitution in A. palmeri
Authors: Montgomery Jacob S. , Giacomini Darci A. , Tranel Patrick J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDuring the 2017 to 2019 growing seasons, samples of waterhemp and Palmer amaranth that had reportedly survived field-rate applications of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)–inhibiting herbicides were collected from the American Midwest and tested for target-site mutations known at the time to confer resistance. Target-site resistance was identified in nearly all (135 of 145) tested common waterhemp populations but in only 8 of 13 Palmer amaranth populations. Follow-up research on one population of Palmer amaranth (W-8), which tested negative for all such mutations, confirmed it was resistant to lactofen, with a magnitude of resistance comparable to that conferred by the ΔG210 PPO2 mutation. Gene sequences from both isoforms of PPO (PPO1 and PPO2) were compared between W-8 and known PPO inhibitor–sensitive sequence. A glycine-to-alanine substitution at the 399th amino acid position (G399A) of PPO2, recently identified to reduce target-site herbicide sensitivity, was observed in a subset of resistant W-8 plants. Because no missense mutation completely delimited resistant and sensitive sequences, we initially suspected the presence of a secondary, non-target-site resistance mechanism in this population. To isolate G399A, a segregating F2 population was produced and screened with a delimiting rate of lactofen. χ2 goodness-of-fit analysis of dead/alive ratings indicated single-locus inheritance of resistance in the F2 population, and molecular markers for the W-8 parental PPO2 coding region co-segregated tightly, but not perfectly, with resistance. More research is needed to fully characterize Palmer amaranth PPO inhibitor–resistance mechanisms, which appear to be more diverse than those found in common waterhemp.
Time-of-day effect on weed control efficacy with tolpyralate plus atrazine
Authors: Langdon Nicole M. , Soltani Nader , Raedar Alan J. , Hooker David C. , Robinson Darren E. , Sikkema Peter H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTolpyralate is a new 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)–inhibiting herbicide for weed control in corn. Previous research has reported efficacy of tolpyralate + atrazine on several annual grass and broadleaf weed species; however, no studies have evaluated weed control of tolpyralate + atrazine depending on time-of-day (TOD) of application. Six field experiments were conducted over a 2-yr period (2018, 2019) near Ridgetown, ON, to determine if there is an effect of TOD of application on tolpyralate + atrazine efficacy on common annual grass and broadleaf weeds. An application was made at 3-h intervals beginning at 06:00 h with the last application at 24:00 h. There was a slight TOD effect on velvetleaf, pigweed species, and common ragweed control with tolpyralate + atrazine; however, the magnitude of change throughout the day was ≤3% at 2, 4, or 8 wk after application (WAA). There was no effect of TOD of tolpyralate + atrazine on the control of lambsquarters, barnyardgrass, and green foxtail. All weed species were controlled ≥88% at 8 WAA. There was no effect of TOD of tolpyralate + atrazine application on corn yield. Results of this study show no evidence of a TOD effect on weed control efficacy with tolpyralate + atrazine.
Predicting the Mechanical and Fracture Properties of Mars Analog Sedimentary Lithologies
Authors: Kronyak R. E. , Arndt C. , Kah L. C. , TerMaath S. C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRock fractures and veins have been well documented by the Curiosity rover in the lithologies within Gale crater, Mars, and an understanding of the rock mechanical properties of Mars analog samples will improve our capabilities to predict fracture formation conditions (e.g., burial depth and influence of fluids). Data collected by Curiosity's drill allow estimation of unconfined compressive strength (UCS) for rocks that have been sampled by the drill. These estimates reveal that the drilled rock types are considerably weak. Qualitative assessments of rock types that were not drilled, however, suggest that stronger lithologies also exist within Gale crater. Here we integrate experimental testing, computational simulation, and uncertainty quantification to evaluate a predictive approach using the UCS obtained from the rover to determine a suite of mechanical properties for Gale lithologies. This method is demonstrated using analog rocks, specifically iron‐cemented sandstone and poorly lithified mudstone. The range of properties determined from sandstone testing is consistent with very strong terrestrial lithologies, and mudstone testing is consistent with extremely weak lithologies, both representative of rock types identified in Gale crater. We evaluate the use of established correlations between measured properties and quantify the uncertainty in using predicted properties to simulate fracture through analog lithologies. Sensitivity analysis indicates the properties of tensile strength and fracture energy derived from the UCS are highly influential properties in predicting fracture. The predictive approach was successful for a well‐sorted and well‐cemented fine sandstone with no visible porosity and exhibited substantially large errors for analog eolian siltstone lithologies.
Mapping Io's Surface Composition With Juno/JIRAM
Authors: Tosi F. , Mura A. , Lopes R. M. C. , Filacchione G. , Ciarniello M. , Zambon F. , Adriani A. , Bolton S. J. , Brooks S. M. , Noschese R. , Sordini R. , Turrini D. , Altieri F. , Cicchetti A. , Grassi D. , Hansen C. J. , Migliorini A. , Moriconi M. L. , Piccioni G. , Plainaki C. , Sindoni G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe surface composition of Io is dominated by SO2 frost, plus other chemical species identified or proposed over the past decades by combining Earth‐based and space‐based observations with laboratory data. Here we discuss spectroscopic data sets of Io obtained by the Jovian InfraRed Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) spectro‐imager onboard Juno in nine orbits, spanning a 3‐year period. We display average spectral profiles of Io in the 2–5 μm range, and we use band depths derived from those profiles to map the geographic distribution of SO2 frost and other spectral features. This data set allows for an ~22% surface coverage at 58 to 162 km/px and in a broad range of latitudes. Our results confirm the broadly regional SO2‐frost trends already highlighted by Galileo/NIMS. Io's average spectral profiles as well as the mapping of the 4.47‐μm band also confirm that SO2 exists in the 32S16O18O isotopic form. Surprisingly, the mapping performed by JIRAM shows that the absorption band at 2.1 μm is unrelated to SO2 frost, while we map for the first time the depth of the 2.65‐μm band, highlighting regions enriched in this absorber, possibly H2S. JIRAM data confirm that the 3.92‐μm band, likely due to Cl2SO2, is largely related to the SO2 distribution. The correlation between Cl2SO2 and ClSO2, possibly revealed at 4.62 μm, is not equally clear. The simultaneous presence of two very weak spectral features at 4.55 and 4.62 μm suggests that nitrile compounds or tholins may also be present on the surface.
Cell fate determined by the activation balance between PKR and SPHK1
Authors: Qiao Han , Jiang Tianqing , Mu Peiqiang , Chen Xiaoxuan , Wen Xianhui , Hu Zhangsheng , Tang Shulin , Wen Jikai , Deng Yiqun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDouble-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-dependent protein kinase R (PKR) activation via autophosphorylation is the central cellular response to stress that promotes cell death or apoptosis. However, the key factors and mechanisms behind the simultaneous activation of pro-survival signaling pathways remain unknown. We have discovered a novel regulatory mechanism for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis that relies on the phosphorylation interplay between sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) and PKR during exogenous stress. We identified SPHK1 as a previously unrecognized PKR substrate. Phosphorylated SPHK1, a central kinase, mediates the activation of PKR-induced pro-survival pathways by the S1P/S1PR1/MAPKs/IKKα signal axis, and antagonizes PKR-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signal transduction under stress conditions. Otherwise, phosphorylated SPHK1 also acts as the negative feedback factor, preferentially binding to the latent form of PKR at the C-terminal kinase motif, inhibiting the homodimerization of PKR, suppressing PKR autophosphorylation, and reducing the signaling strength for cell death and apoptosis. Our results suggest that the balance of the activation levels between PKR and SPHK1, a probable hallmark of homeostasis maintenance, determines cell fate during cellular stress response.