bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CARDIAC RHYTHM MANAGEMENTPredictors and management of cardiac perforation caused by cardiac rhythm device implantation
Authors: Elbatran Ahmed I , Gallagher Mark M , Bajpai Abhay , Grimster Alexander , Li Anthony 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Cardiac perforation caused by cardiac rhythm device implantation is uncommon but potentially lethal.

Methods
All patients presenting to a single referral centre with cardiac perforation after implantation between December 2017 and July 2019 were identified. Patient demographics, time to diagnosis, the method of lead extraction and 30-day complications were examined.

Results
Thirteen cases of cardiac perforation were identified, 4 of which were implanted at other hospitals. The incidence of perforation for devices implanted at our institution was 9/1031 (0.87%). Median time from implantation to diagnosis was 8 days (IQR = 3–21). Compared with implantations during the same time period, patients with perforation were older (80 ± 10 years vs. 73 ± 15 years, P = 0.005) and predominantly females (9/13 vs. 355/1031, P = 0.009). In all cases, the perforating lead was an active fixation model, an ICD coil in one case. 10 leads were in the right ventricle (3 of which in apical position) and 3 in the right atrium (all in the lateral wall). There was no greater proportion of a particular lead type compared with implantations during the same time period. All had abnormal electrical parameters at device interrogation. Nine patients (69%) had pericardial effusion and four (31%) developed tamponade. Transvenous lead extraction was successfully performed in all 13 patients, with no 30-day mortality.

Conclusion
Older age and female gender were more prevalent in patients with lead perforation. Transvenous lead extraction was safely performed in all patients.
Coseismic changes in the kinetic rotational energy of the Earth from 1976 to 2019
Authors: Xu Changyi 
Published: October 2020

SUMMARY
The energy changes corresponding to the axis and speed of the Earth’s rotation are the polar motion energy, ΔEpm and the spinning energy, ΔEss. Here we develop an explicit approach to compute the coseismic ΔEpm and ΔEss based on a spherical-Earth elastic dislocation theory. We estimate the cumulative changes induced by global major earthquakes from 1976 to 2019 using the derived expression. The results show that the rate of ΔEpm and ΔEss is 0.45 × 1012 and 0.20 × 1019 J −1, corresponding to 0.01 MW (1 MW = 106 Watt) and 0.06 TW (1 TW = 1012 Watt), respectively. The χ2 test shows that global earthquakes tend to strongly increase the spinning energy rather than the polar motion energy. Comparing the coseismic rotational energy to the coseismic gravitational energy and the radiated seismic-wave energy induced by every single event, we found that coseismic rotational energy is distinctly at least 7.6 times larger than the radiated seismic-wave energy, demonstrating the importance of rotational energy in the energy budget of the faulting.
Surgical management of Ebstein anomaly: impact of the adult congenital heart disease anatomical and physiological classifications
Authors: Homzova Laura , Photiadis Joachim , Sinzobahamvya Nicodème , Ovroutski Stanislav , Cho Mi-Young , Schulz Antonia 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Our goal was to evaluate the impact of the adult congenital heart disease anatomical and physiological (ACHD AP) classification system on the surgical management of Ebstein anomaly (EA) in adult patients.

METHODS
From February 2000 through August 2017, data of patients aged at least 16 years, who underwent primary EA surgery, were retrospectively evaluated. The cohort was divided in 2 groups according to their ACHD AP classification: the moderate EA group (IIB, IIC) and the severe EA group (IID). Survival, freedom from reoperation and freedom from occurrence of major adverse advents were estimated.

RESULTS
There were 33 patients (21 women, 12 men). Eighteen belonged to the moderate group, 15 to the severe group. There were 12 female patients (80%) in the severe group. Patients in the moderate group were younger than those in the severe group (P = 0.02): 32 ± 12 vs 44 ± 15 years old. Thirty tricuspid valve repairs and 3 replacements were performed. Repair was mainly performed in the moderate group (P = 0.02). Overall survival was 90.1 ± 5.4% at 9 months after the operation and did not change in the later follow-up period. It was 100% for patients in the moderate group and 80.0 ± 10.3% in the severe group (P = 0.07), and 75.0 ± 12.5% for female patients of in the severe group compared to 100% for the remaining patients (P = 0.025). Survival free from major adverse events, including reoperation, at 10 years was 60.0 ± 12.6% in the moderate and 38.1% ± 12.9% in the severe group (P = 0.03). No patient in the moderate group evolved to be in the severe group at late follow-up.

CONCLUSION
Adult EA patients should undergo surgery earlier when they are still in the moderate ACHD AP classification.
Point-of-Care Influenza Testing Impacts Clinical Decision, Patient Flow, and Length of Stay in Hospitalized Adults
Authors: Fjelltveit Elisabeth B , Cox Rebecca J , Østensjø Jørgen , Blomberg Bjørn , Ebbesen Marit H , Langeland Nina , Mohn Kristin G I 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Influenza is difficult to distinguish clinically from other acute respiratory infections. Rapid laboratory diagnosis can help initiate early effective antiviral treatment and isolation. Implementing a novel point-of-care test (POCT) for influenza in the emergency department (ED) could improve treatment and isolation strategies and reduce the length of stay (LOS).

Methods
In a prospective, controlled observational cohort study, we enrolled patients admitted due to acute respiratory illness to 2 public hospitals in Bergen, Norway, one using a rapid POCT for influenza (n = 400), the other (n = 167) using conventional rapid laboratory-based assay.

Results
Prevalence of influenza was similar in the 2 hospitals (154/400, 38% vs 38%, 63/167; P = .863). Most patients in both hospitals received antiviral (83% vs 81%; P = .703) and antibiotic treatment (72% vs 62%; P = .149). Isolation was more often initiated in ED in the hospital using POCT (91% vs 80%; P = .025). Diagnosis by POCT was associated with shorter hospital stay; old age, diabetes, cancer, and use of antibiotics, particularly broad-spectrum antibiotics, were associated with prolonged stay.

Conclusions
POCT implementation in ED resulted in improved targeted isolation and shorter LOS. Regardless of POCT use, most influenza patients received antivirals (&gt;80%) and antibiotics (&gt;69%).
Improvement of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders after antiretroviral therapy intensification: the Neuro+3 study
Authors: Force Gilles , Ghout Idir , Ropers Jacques , Carcelain Guislaine , Marigot-Outtandy Dhiba , Hahn Valérie , Darchy Natacha , Defferriere Hélène , Bouaziz-Amar Elodie , Carlier Robert , Dorgham Karim , Callebert Jacques , Peytavin Gilles , Delaugerre Constance , de Truchis Pierre ,   NEURO+3 STUDY GROUP, Cabée Anne-Elisabeth , Lecornu Claire , Aegerter Philippe , Berthe Huguette , Mohand Hocine Ait , Brefort Sandrine , Klement Elise , Le Du Damien , Laplanche Jean-Louis , Labadie-Nere Marie-Laure , Mahjoub Nadia , Zucman David , Khuong Marie-Aude , Genet Philippe , Larroze Maud , Troisvallets Didier , Blum Laurent , Sauvage Myriam 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Despite the effectiveness of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy to control HIV infection, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remain frequent. The Neuro+3 study assessed the cognitive improvement associated with ARV intensification based on increased CNS penetration effectiveness (CPE) scoring ≥+3 and total CPE score ≥9.

Methods
Thirty-one patients, aged 18–65 years, with confirmed diagnosis of HAND and effective ARV therapy were included. The cognitive improvement was measured using Frascati three-stage classification and global deficit score (GDS) after 48 and 96 weeks of ARV intensification. Ultrasensitive HIV-RNA, neopterin, soluble CD14, CCL2, CXCL10, IL6, IL8 and NF-L were measured in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid at Day 0 (baseline), Week 48 (W48) and W96.

Results
The intensified ARV was associated with a median (IQR) CPE score increase from 6 (4–7) at baseline to 10 (9–11). From baseline to W96, the median (IQR) GDS decreased from 1.4 (0.8–2.2) to 1.0 (0.6–2.0) (P = 0.009); HAND classification improved from 2 to 1 HIV-associated dementia, 22 to 8 mild neurocognitive disorders, 7 to 17 asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment and 0 to 5 patients without any neurocognitive alterations (P = 0.001). In multivariable linear regression analysis, GDS improvement at W96 was significantly associated with CPE score ≥9 after intensification (P = 0.014), CD4 lymphocyte increase at W48 (P &lt; 0.001) and plasma CXCL10 decrease at W96 (P = 0.001).

Conclusions
In patients with HAND, a significant cognitive improvement was observed after the ARV intensification strategy, with a higher CPE score. Cognitive improvement was more often observed in the case of a switch of two drug classes, arguing for better control of CNS HIV immune activation.
Refugee Settlement and Decision-Making Venue: Does Public Concern Instigate Preferences for Local Referendums? Experiences from Norwegian Cities
Authors: Steen Anton 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRefugee settlement in local communities is often controversial and raises questions of legitimate regulation of access and sustainable integration. This study takes the citizens’ perspective and asks who should determine refugee settlement—the people in a local referendum, political representatives in the local council, or elites in central government—as well as enquiring how immigration scepticism affects preferences for the decision-making venue. The issue speaks to the wealth of literature focusing on ‘the local dimension’ of immigration. The data are from opinion surveys in four Norwegian cities that have experienced extensive refugee settlement during the past few decades. Contrary to expectations, it appears that despite widespread concern about the consequences of newcomers, most trust the decisions made by their local representatives in the city council and prefer the state to enforce refugee settlement at the local level. As expected, those with negative images of refugees, those with a low level of education, and those with rightist party sympathies tend to support a referendum. More surprisingly, a high level of concern for ‘the others’ substantially reduces the general positive effects of social background and political orientation: the worried among the well-educated and left-wingers join forces with the right-wingers and politically alienated in supporting referendums as a channel for influencing the settlement issue. This article suggests that the refugee settlement issue is too controversial to be solved by direct democracy and is also a potential channel for those fearing ‘the others’ across social strata.
The confrontation of the shock-powered synchrotron maser model with the Galactic FRB 200428
Authors: Yu Yun-Wei , Zou Yuan-Chuan , Dai Zi-Gao , Yu Wen-Fei 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
The association of FRB 200428 with an X-ray burst (XRB) from the Galactic magnetar SGR 1935+2154 offers important implications for the physical processes responsible for the fast radio burst (FRB) phenomena. By assuming that the XRB emission is produced in the magnetosphere, we investigate the possibility that the FRB emission is produced by shock-powered synchrotron maser (SM), which is phenomenologically described with a number of free parameters. The observational constraints on the model parameters indicate that the model can in principle be consistent with the FRB 200428 observations, if the ejecta lunched by magnetar activities can have appropriate ingredients and structures and the shock processes occur on the line of sight. To be specific, a complete burst ejecta should consist of an ultra-relativistic and extremely highly collimated e± component and a sub-relativistic and wide-spreading baryonic component. The internal shocks producing the FRB emission arise from a collision between the e± ejecta and the remnant of a previous baryonic ejecta at the same direction. The parameter constraints depend on the uncertain spectrum and efficiency of the SM emission. While the spectrum is tentatively described by a spectral index of −2, we estimate the emission efficiency to be around 10−4 by requiring that the synchrotron emission of the shocked material cannot be much brighter than the magnetosphere XRB emission.
The flaring X-ray corona in the quasar PDS 456
Authors: Reeves J N , Braito V , Porquet D , Lobban A P , Matzeu G A , Nardini E 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
New Swift monitoring observations of the variable, radio-quiet quasar, PDS 456, are presented. A bright X-ray flare was captured in 2018 September, the flux increasing by a factor of 4 and with a doubling time-scale of 2 d. From the light crossing argument, the coronal size is inferred to be ≲30 gravitational radii for a black hole mass of 109 M⊙ and the total flare energy exceeds 1051 erg. A hardening of the X-ray emission accompanied the flare, with the photon index decreasing from Γ = 2.2 to Γ = 1.7 and back again. The flare is produced in the X-ray corona, the lack of any optical or UV variability being consistent with a constant accretion rate. Simultaneous XMM–Newton and NuSTAR observations were performed, 1–3 d after the flare peak and during the decline phase. These caught PDS 456 in a bright, bare state, where no disc wind absorption features are apparent. The hard X-ray spectrum shows a high energy roll-over, with an e-folding energy of $E_{\rm fold}=51^{+11}_{-8}$ keV. The deduced coronal temperature, of kT = 13 keV, is one of the coolest measured in any AGN and PDS 456 lies well below the predicted pair annihilation line in X-ray corona. The spectral variability, becoming softer when fainter following the flare, is consistent with models of cooling X-ray coronae. Alternatively, an increase in a non-thermal component could contribute towards the hard X-ray flare spectrum.
Optical and spectral observations and hydrodynamic modelling of type IIb supernova 2017gpn
Authors: Balakina Elena A , Pruzhinskaya Maria V , Moskvitin Alexander S , Blinnikov Sergei I , Wang Xiaofeng , Xiang Danfeng , Lin Han , Rui Liming , Wang Huijuan 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTIn this work we present the photometric and spectroscopic observations of type IIb supernova 2017gpn. This supernova was discovered in the error-box of the LIGO/Virgo G299232 gravitational-wave event. We obtained the light curves in the B and R passbands and modelled them numerically using the one-dimensional radiation hydrocode stella. The best-fitting model has the following parameters: the pre-SN star mass and the radius are M ≈ 3.5 M⊙ and R ≈ 50 R⊙, respectively; the explosion energy is $E_{\rm exp} \approx 1.2\times 10^{51}$ erg; the mass of radioactive nickel is $M_{\rm ^{56}Ni} \approx 0.11$ M⊙, which is completely mixed throughout the ejecta; and the mass of the hydrogen envelope $M_{\rm H\_{env}}$ ≈ 0.06 M⊙. Moreover, SN 2017gpn is a confirmed SN IIb that is located at the farthest distance from the centre of its host galaxy NGC 1343 (i.e. the projected distance is ∼21 kpc). This challenges the scenario of the origin of type IIb supernovae from massive stars.
The large-scale magnetic field of Proxima Centauri near activity maximum
Authors: Klein Baptiste , Donati Jean-François , Hébrard Élodie M , Zaire Bonnie , Folsom Colin P , Morin Julien , Delfosse Xavier , Bonfils Xavier 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
We report the detection of a large-scale magnetic field at the surface of the slowly rotating fully convective (FC) M dwarf Proxima Centauri. 10 circular polarization spectra, collected from 2017 April to July with the HARPS-Pol spectropolarimeter, exhibit rotationally modulated Zeeman signatures suggesting a stellar rotation period of 89.8 ± 4.0 d. Using Zeeman–Doppler Imaging, we invert the circular polarization spectra into a surface distribution of the large-scale magnetic field. We find that Proxima Cen hosts a large-scale magnetic field of typical strength 200 G, whose topology is mainly poloidal, and moderately axisymmetric, featuring, in particular, a dipole component of 135 G tilted at 51° to the rotation axis. The large-scale magnetic flux is roughly 3× smaller than the flux measured from the Zeeman broadening of unpolarized lines, which suggests that the underlying dynamo is efficient at generating a magnetic field at the largest spatial scales. Our observations occur ∼1 yr after the maximum of the reported 7 yr-activity cycle of Proxima Cen, which opens the door for the first long-term study of how the large-scale field evolves with the magnetic cycle in an FC very low mass star. Finally, we find that Proxima Cen’s habitable zone planet, Proxima-b, is likely orbiting outside the Alfvèn surface, where no direct magnetic star–planet interactions occur.
PDCD2 functions as an evolutionarily conserved chaperone dedicated for the 40S ribosomal protein uS5 (RPS2)
Authors: Landry-Voyer Anne-Marie , Bergeron Danny , Yague-Sanz Carlo , Baker Breac , Bachand Francois 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
PDCD2 is an evolutionarily conserved protein with previously characterized homologs in Drosophila (zfrp8) and budding yeast (Tsr4). Although mammalian PDCD2 is essential for cell proliferation and embryonic development, the function of PDCD2 that underlies its fundamental cellular role has remained unclear. Here, we used quantitative proteomics approaches to define the protein-protein interaction network of human PDCD2. Our data revealed that PDCD2 specifically interacts with the 40S ribosomal protein uS5 (RPS2) and that the PDCD2-uS5 complex is assembled co-translationally. Loss of PDCD2 expression leads to defects in the synthesis of the small ribosomal subunit that phenocopy a uS5 deficiency. Notably, we show that PDCD2 is important for the accumulation of soluble uS5 protein as well as its incorporation into 40S ribosomal subunit. Our findings support that the essential molecular function of PDCD2 is to act as a dedicated ribosomal protein chaperone that recognizes uS5 co-translationally in the cytoplasm and accompanies uS5 to ribosome assembly sites in the nucleus. As most dedicated ribosomal protein chaperones have been identified in yeast, our study reveals that similar mechanisms exist in human cells to assist ribosomal proteins coordinate their folding, nuclear import and assembly in pre-ribosomal particles.
Predicting single-cell gene expression profiles of imaging flow cytometry data with machine learning
Authors: Chlis Nikolaos-Kosmas , Rausch Lisa , Brocker Thomas , Kranich Jan , Theis Fabian J 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHigh-content imaging and single-cell genomics are two of the most prominent high-throughput technologies for studying cellular properties and functions at scale. Recent studies have demonstrated that information in large imaging datasets can be used to estimate gene mutations and to predict the cell-cycle state and the cellular decision making directly from cellular morphology. Thus, high-throughput imaging methodologies, such as imaging flow cytometry can potentially aim beyond simple sorting of cell-populations. We introduce IFC-seq, a machine learning methodology for predicting the expression profile of every cell in an imaging flow cytometry experiment. Since it is to-date unfeasible to observe single-cell gene expression and morphology in flow, we integrate uncoupled imaging data with an independent transcriptomics dataset by leveraging common surface markers. We demonstrate that IFC-seq successfully models gene expression of a moderate number of key gene-markers for two independent imaging flow cytometry datasets: (i) human blood mononuclear cells and (ii) mouse myeloid progenitor cells. In the case of mouse myeloid progenitor cells IFC-seq can predict gene expression directly from brightfield images in a label-free manner, using a convolutional neural network. The proposed method promises to add gene expression information to existing and new imaging flow cytometry datasets, at no additional cost.
An extracellular vesicle-related gene expression signature identifies high-risk patients in medulloblastoma
Authors: Albert Thomas K , Interlandi Marta , Sill Martin , Graf Monika , Moreno Natalia , Menck Kerstin , Rohlmann Astrid , Melcher Viktoria , Korbanka Sonja , Meyer zu Hörste Gerd , Lautwein Tobias , Frühwald Michael C , Krebs Christian F , Holdhof Dörthe , Schoof Melanie , Bleckmann Annalen , Missler Markus , Dugas Martin , Schüller Ulrich , Jäger Natalie , Pfister Stefan M , Kerl Kornelius 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundMedulloblastoma (MB) is a malignant brain tumor in childhood. It comprises 4 subgroups with different clinical behaviors. The aim of this study was to characterize the transcriptomic landscape of MB, both at the level of individual tumors as well as in large patient cohorts.MethodsWe used a combination of single-cell transcriptomics, cell culture models and biophysical methods such as nanoparticle tracking analysis and electron microscopy to investigate intercellular communication in the MB tumor niche.ResultsTumor cells of the sonic hedgehog (SHH)–MB subgroup show a differentiation blockade. These cells undergo extensive metabolic reprogramming. The gene expression profiles of individual tumor cells show a partial convergence with those of tumor-associated glial and immune cells. One possible cause is the transfer of extracellular vesicles (EVs) between cells in the tumor niche. We were able to detect EVs in co-culture models of MB tumor cells and oligodendrocytes. We also identified a gene expression signature, EVS, which shows overlap with the proteome profile of large oncosomes from prostate cancer cells. This signature is also present in MB patient samples. A high EVS expression is one common characteristic of tumors that occur in high-risk patients from different MB subgroups or subtypes.ConclusionsWith EVS, our study uncovered a novel gene expression signature that has a high prognostic significance across MB subgroups.
Long-term changes of ichthyoplankton communities in an Iberian estuary are driven by varying hydrodynamic conditions
Authors: Monteiro M , Azeiteiro U M , Martinho F , Pardal M A , Primo A L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Ichthyoplankton assemblages are key components of estuaries worldwide, playing a vital role as nurseries for fish larvae. Nonetheless, estuaries can be highly affected by ongoing climate change. Impacts of climate variability on ichthyoplankton assemblages will have consequences for marine pelagic food webs and fish populations biology, namely recruitment. This study aims to investigate the influence of environmental variability on an interannual abundance of ichthyoplankton assemblages of the Mondego estuary (Portugal). For this, an ichthyoplankton sampling programme of 13 years (2003–2015) along six distinct sampling stations was analysed to evaluate spatial, seasonal and interannual changes of ichthyoplankton distribution over periods of wet, regular and dry conditions. The ichthyoplanktonic community was dominated by Pomatoschistus spp. across all seasons and conditions, with higher larval abundances during summer and spring. Main changes were related to species seasonality and phenology as well as an increase in the number of marine species during extreme events. The larval fish community showed a strong relationship with the regional and local environment over the study, presenting a distinct yet highly variable structure during the 2009–2013 period. Reported changes will likely trigger major changes in species dominance and abundance, with clear ecological and socio-economic implications.