bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orthodontic Bonded Retainers: a Narrative Review
Authors: Meade Maurice J , Millett Declan T 
Published: May 2020

Indefinite retention is now considered essential to prevent relapse after orthodontic treatment. Compliance with removable retainer wear is suboptimal and appears to decline with time post-treatment. As a result, use of bonded retainers may become more commonplace in the future. In this narrative review, the characteristics of bonded retainers are outlined and a summary of the evidence from randomized clinical trials regarding their effectiveness is provided. Guidance is also offered regarding care and maintenance.CPD/Clinical Relevance: All general dental practitioners (GDPs) should be familiar with types of bonded retainers, evidence relating to their effectiveness and the GDP's role regarding their care and maintenance.
The metaphyseal fossa surrounding the epiphyseal tubercle is larger in hips with moderate and severe slipped capital femoral epiphysis than normal hips
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Shayan , Kiapour Ata M. , Maranho Daniel A. , Emami Seyed Alireza , Portilla Gabriela , Kim Young-Jo , Novais Eduardo N. 
Published: May 2020

Purpose To compare the 3D morphology of the metaphyseal fossa among mild, moderate and severe stable slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) and normal hips. Methods We identified pelvic CT of 51 patients (55% male; mean 12.7 years (sd 1.9; 8-15)) with stable SCFE. In all, 16 of 51 hips (31%) had mild, 14 (27%) moderate and 21 (41%) severe SCFE. A total of 80 patients (50% male; mean age 11.5 years (sd 2.3; 8 to 15)) with normal hips who underwent pelvic CT due to abdominal pain made up the control cohort. CT scans were segmented, and the femur was reformatted using 3D software. We measured the metaphyseal fossa depth, width, length and surface area after the epiphysis was subtracted from the metaphysis in the 3D model. Results The metaphyseal fossa width was significantly larger in severe (adjusted difference: 6.9%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.1 to 11.8; p = 0.001), moderate (6.5%; 95% CI 0.8 to 12.2; p = 0.02) and mild SCFE (6.2%; 95% CI 0.8 to 11.6; p = 0.01), in comparison with normal hips. Severe SCFE showed larger fossa length compared with mild SCFE (6.8%; 95% CI 0.6 to 13.0; p = 0.02) and normal hips (6.0%; 95% CI 1.4 to 10.6; p = 0.004). The fossa surface area was larger in severe (3.5%; 95% CI 1.3 to 5.7; p < 0.001) and moderate SCFE (2.7%; 95% CI 0.1 to 5.2; p = 0.03) when compared with normal hips. There were no differences in fossa depth between SCFE and normal hips. Conclusion The metaphyseal fossa is wider and more extensive but not deeper in hips with moderate and severe SCFE in comparison with normal hips. Although hips with severe SCFE had larger length and surface area than mild SCFE hips, further research is needed to clarify whether enlargement of the metaphyseal fossa is a consequence of slip progression. Level of Evidence III
Combined Imhauser osteotomy and osteochondroplasty in slipped capital femoral epiphysis through surgical hip dislocation approach
Authors: Baraka Mostafa M. , Hefny Hany M. , Thakeb Mootaz F. , Fayyad Tamer A. , Abdelazim Haytham , Hefny Mamdouh H. , Mahran Mahmoud A. 
Published: May 2020

Purpose Treatment of moderate to severe stable slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) remains a challenging problem. Open reduction by modified Dunn procedure carries a considerable risk of osteonecrosis (ON). Imhauser osteotomy is capable of realigning the deformity without the risk of ON, but the remaining metaphyseal bump is implicated with significant chondro-labral lesions and accelerated osteoarthritis. We conducted this study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Imhauser osteotomy combined with osteochondroplasty (OCP) through the surgical hip dislocation (SHD) approach. Methods A prospective series of 23 patients with moderate-severe stable SCFE underwent Imhauser osteotomy and OCP through SHD. The mean age was 14.4 years (13 to 20) and the mean follow-up period was 45 months (24 to 66). The outcome measures included clinical and radiological parameters and Harris hip score (HHS) was used as a functional score. Results The mean HHS improved significantly from 65.39 to 93.3. The limb length discrepancy improved by a mean of 1.72 cm. The mean flexion and abduction arcs showed a significant improvement (mean increase of 37.5° and 18.5°, respectively). The mean internal rotation demonstrated the most significant improvement (mean increase of 38.5°). All the radiographic parameters improved significantly; including anterior and lateral slip angles (mean improvement 37.52° and 44.37°, respectively). The mean alpha angle decreased by 39.19°. The articulo-trochanteric distance significantly increased to a mean of 23.26 mm. No cases of ON or chondrolysis were identified. Conclusion Combined Imhauser osteotomy and OCP through the surgical dislocation approach provide a comprehensive and safe management of moderate to severe stable SCFE. Level of evidence IV
Investigation of CsPbBr3 films with controllable morphology and its influence on the photovoltaic properties for carbon-based planar perovskite solar cells
Authors: Zhao Fei , Guo Yixin , Tao Jiahua , Li Zeng , Jiang Jinchun , Chu Junhao 
Published: May 2020

Recently, inorganic

C
s
P
b
B

r

3

perovskites have received much research interest in the photovoltaic field owing to their excellent stability. However, it is still challenging to prepare high-performance

C
s
P
b
B

r

3

films with good crystallinity and superior morphology at moderate temperatures. In this work, we report a novel, to the best of our knowledge, multistep spin-coating deposition method to prepare

C
s
P
b
B

r

3

perovskite film. Through optimizing the number of deposition cycles of a CsBr solution,

C
s
P
b
B

r

3

films containing high phase purity, good crystallinity, and strong absorption are obtained. The inorganic planar perovskite solar cell with optimized

C
s
P
b
B

r

3

film realizes a maximum power conversion efficiency of 4.70% under standard solar illumination conditions. Moreover, our devices with

F
T
O

/

T
i

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2

/

C
s
P
b
B

r

3

/

C
u
P
c

/

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exhibit fabulous stability when stored in an ambient atmosphere with

∼

40

%

humidity for 60 days. Our work provides new opportunities for facilitating practical application of

C
s
P
b
B

r

3

planar perovskite solar cells.
Extension of time window into nanoseconds in single-shot ultrafast burst imaging by spectrally sweeping pulses
Authors: Nemoto Hirofumi , Suzuki Takakazu , Kannari Fumihiko 
Published: May 2020

We achieved single-shot 2D-burst imaging with a

∼

22

p
s

temporal resolution in a nanosecond time window using sequentially timed all-optical mapping photography with a spectral filtering (SF-STAMP) scheme, where a single snapshot of spectral images measured with a linear frequency chirped laser pulse forms time-resolved snapshots. We combined a pulse-stretching scheme of a free-space angular-chirp-enhanced delay (FACED) composed of a pair of tilted mirrors and a

4

f

-system. With a

4

f

-FACED system, we generated collinearly propagating burst laser pulses with a different center wavelength and a tunable time interval and demonstrated single-shot burst imaging with a 303 ps interval in a 1.5 ns time window by an SF-STAMP with spectrally sweeping probe pulses.
Ultra-compact polarization rotator based on mode coupling in a groove-like waveguide, assisted by subwavelength grating
Authors: Chen Jingyuan , Gao Di 
Published: May 2020

A novel (to the best of our knowledge) scheme of an ultra-compact polarization rotator (PR) is based on an optical-axis-rotated section of a groove-like waveguide with a subwavelength grating (SWG) structure, which is used to replace one of the silicon strip waveguides in the polarization conversion section. In the proposed scheme, the mode coupling occurs, and the mode conversions between fundamental transverse magnetic mode (

T
M

0

) and fundamental transverse electric mode (

T
E

0

) are realized. At the operating wavelength of 1.55 µm, the simulated extinction ratio (ER) of

∼

41

d
B

, insertion loss (IL)

<

1

d
B

, and reflection loss (RL)

<

−

22

d
B

for the

T
M

0

-

t
o

-

T
E

0

conversion with a total conversion length of 5.4 µm have been obtained. The simulated transmission spectra also show a relatively broad bandwidth of 53 nm (41 nm) for the

T
M

0

-

t
o

-

T
E

0

(

T
E

0

-

t
o

-

T
M

0

) conversion to keep the

E
R

>

25

d
B

; as well as a high polarization conversion ratio of 99.95% (99.31%) for the

T
M

0

-

t
o

-

T
E

0

(

T
E

0

-

t
o

-

T
M

0

) process at 1.55 µm. The presence of SWG greatly enhances the device performance, and the tolerance to fabrication uncertainties has also been investigated.
Flexible all-PM NALM Yb:fiber laser design for frequency comb applications: operation regimes and their noise properties
Authors: Mayer Aline S. , Grosinger Wilfrid , Fellinger Jakob , Winkler Georg , Perner Lukas W. , Droste Stefan , Salman Sarper H. , Li Chen , Heyl Christoph M. , Hartl Ingmar , Heckl Oliver H. 
Published: May 2020

We present a flexible all-polarization-maintaining (PM) mode-locked ytterbium (Yb):fiber laser based on a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror (NALM). In addition to providing detailed design considerations, we discuss the different operation regimes accessible by this versatile laser architecture and experimentally analyze five representative mode-locking states. These five states were obtained in a 78-MHz configuration at different intracavity group delay dispersion (GDD) values ranging from anomalous (-0.035 ps2) to normal (+0.015 ps2). We put a particular focus on the characterization of the intensity noise as well as the free-running linewidth of the carrier-envelope-offset (CEO) frequency as a function of the different operation regimes. We observe that operation points far from the spontaneous emission peak of Yb (∼1030 nm) and close to zero intracavity dispersion can be found, where the influence of pump noise is strongly suppressed. For such an operation point, we show that a CEO linewidth of less than 10-kHz at 1 s integration can be obtained without any active stabilization.
Transplanting Livers From “HCV-Positive” Donors To HCV-Negative Recipients: Increased Experience But Many Unanswered Questions
Authors: Polanco Nathalie Pena , Goldberg David 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Over the past several years, single- and multi-center case series have reported on the successful use of livers from hepatitis C virus (HCV)-antibody positive and HCV-viremic donors to HCV-negative recipients. Several authors have studied not only the efficacy of this practice but also its cost-effectiveness of transplanting HCV-infected organs to HCV-negative donors. However, previous studies had limited follow-up and had not examined transplants beyond the beginning of 2018. Using national data from 2014–2018, Thuluvath et al. demonstrated that post-transplant outcomes of recipients from either HCV-antibody and/or HCV-viremic donors were not different than those using livers from HCV-negative donors.
CDC Company Towns in Cameroon: A Case of Shaping Built Space to Articulate Power and Social Control in Colonial and Postcolonial Perspectives
Authors: Njoh Ambe J. , Chie Esther P. , Bigon Liora 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The article analyzes company towns with particular emphasis on the workers’ camps of the Cameroon Development Corporation (CDC) in Cameroon. The avowed purpose of the camps from their inception during the colonial era has always been to meet the housing needs of workers. However, the article contends that the camps were designed to accomplish two principal, albeit unstated, objectives, namely, 1) to articulate power and maintain social order in built space; and 2) to transmit Eurocentric ideals of work and general conduct to the workers. Company towns are not only of historical value, they are also of contemporary importance as they remain conspicuous features of built space in Cameroon in particular and Africa in general.
Implementasi Manajemen Pembiayaan dalam Pengelolaan Dana Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS) di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Bitung, Sulawesi Utara
Authors: Ismail Feiby , Sumaila Nindy 
Published: May 2020

This study aims to describe the implementation of The School Operational Assistance Fund (BOS) funds finance management in MAN 1 Bitung. BOS aims to relieve the burden of society in terms of education fund. Therefore, proper financial management is needed to achieve its purpose. This research uses qualitative approaches using observation, interviews, and documentation as data collection techniques. The results showed that the implementation of BOS finance management in MAN 1 Bitung was realized through the function of planning, implementation, and supervision. Planning involves formulating a budget draft. Then, the implementation stage is done through socialization and disbursement of funds. The final stage is the supervision stage. Through the implementation of this management function, BOS finance management in MAN 1 Bitung positively impacts the education process. Nevertheless, there is a need to coordinate with every element of the madrasah to ensure accountability for BOS funds.
A flexible platform for controlled optical and electrical effects in tailored plasmonic break junctions
Authors: Laible Florian , Braun Kai , Hauler Otto , Eberle Martin , Kern Dieter P. , Meixner Alfred J. , Fleischer Monika 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Mechanically controllable break junctions are one suitable approach to generate atomic point contacts and ultrasmall and controllable gaps between two metal contacts. For constant bias voltages, the tunneling current can be used as a ruler to evaluate the distance between the contacts in the sub-1-nm regime and with sub-Å precision. This ruler can be used to measure the distance between two plasmonic nanostructures located at the designated breaking point of the break junction. In this work, an experimental setup together with suitable nanofabricated break junctions is developed that enables us to perform simultaneous gap-dependent optical and electrical characterization of coupled plasmonic particles, more specifically bowtie antennas in the highly interesting gap range from few nanometers down to zero gap width. The plasmonic break junction experiment is performed in the focus of a confocal microscope. Confocal scanning images and current measurements are simultaneously recorded and exhibit an increased current when the laser is focused in the proximity of the junction. This setup offers a flexible platform for further correlated optoelectronic investigations of coupled antennas or junctions bridged by nanomaterials.
vol. 1(1981) - vol. 30, n. 2 (2011)
Authors: Q Je 
Published: May 2020

Los índices de Agora, vol. 1(1981) - vol. 30, n. 2 (2011), pueden consultarse en el Servizo de Publicacións e Intercambio Científico y los contenidos se encuentran en el Repositorio Minerva (USC)
Positional differences in anticipation timing, reaction time and dynamic balance of American football players
Authors: Ceylan Halil İ. , Günay Ahmet R. 
Published: May 2020

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the coinciding anticipation timing (CAT), reaction time and dynamic balance performances of American football players according to their playing positions.
Material: Thirty-five American football players, who train at least 3 days a week, and compete in Universities Protected Football 1st League, participated in this study, voluntarily. The players were divided into two playing positions: offensive (17 players, mean age: 20.76 ± 1.30 years) and defensive (18 players, mean age: 21.94 ± 2.87 years). The CAT at different stimulus speeds (6 mph, 12 mph), reaction time (visual, auditory, mixed), and dynamic balance performance (anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, perimeter lenght) were measured in the laboratory environment. The CAT, reaction time, and dynamic balance performance of players were determined by Bassin Anticipation Timer, Newtest 1000, and Technobody Prokin-200, respectively.
Results: The data obtained were analyzed in SPSS (20.0) program. Firstly, the raw data for CAT performance (6mph, 12 mph) were converted to absolute error score. According to Shapiro-Wilk test result, the all data showed normal distribution. Independent Sample t test was used to determine the differences between the two playing positions. In addition, the effect size between the two playing positions was calculated in parameters with showing significant differences, and Cohen’s d (1988) values were taken into account. Compared with the defensive players (20.15±3.81 ms), the absolute error scores at fast stimulus speeds (12 mph) of offensive players (17.45±3.48 ms) was found to be significantly lower (t(33) =-2.181, p=.036). The visual reaction time of offensive players (318.11± 17.47 ms) was significantly shorter than defensive players (340.58± 32.60 ms, t(26322) =-2.560, p=.017). In terms of dynamic balance parameters such as perimeter lenght, anterior-posterior, and medial-lateral, there was no statistically significant difference between the playing positions (p>0.05).
Conclusions: Perceptual-cognitive characteristics such as CAT, and reaction time performance differ according to the playing positions, and this difference may be related to the physical, and cognitive demands required by their playing positions.
Bilateral asymmetry of pedaling force at different levels of exercise intensity in cycle ergometer
Authors: Stefanov Lachezar G. , Ivanov Ivan , Aleksieva Daniela 
Published: May 2020

Background and Study Aim. To investigate how bilateral pedaling asymmetries change at exercises with different levels of intensity.
Material and Methods. Eight students of cycling, average age 25.4 years, were investigated. In the experiment, we recorded the pedal force of the right and left legs during three consecutive exercises of different intensity 35%, 55% and 85% respectively. To quantify the difference in physical parameters of pedaling between the left and right legs, we used two approaches that complement each other in the analysis of bilateral asymmetry. One approach involved determining an asymmetry index, and other was statistical analysis.
Results. The Student's t-test indicated that the difference between the power samples for the left and right pedals decreased at 85% exercise intensity vs. 55% with a statistical significance of α = 0.05. The bilateral asymmetry in most cases decreased or in two cases remained unchanged. The cases where there was no statistically significant difference between the power samples for both legs at 85% and 55% intensity levels had the lowest asymmetry index.
Conclusions. The bilateral pedaling asymmetry is reduced at 85% exercise intensity compared to the 55% one. The reduction in asymmetry index ranges from 1% to 14.1%, Combining the asymmetry index and the Student's t-test can increase the informativeness of pedaling power data when analyzing bilateral asymmetry.
Comparison of physical activity and skinfold thickness of students living in rural and city center
Authors: Yurdakul Hüseyin Ö. , Baydemir Barış 
Published: May 2020

Background and Study Aim. ln this academic research, it was aimed to compare the physical activity and skinfold thickness of the students living in the city center and rural areas.
Material and Methods. 89 students attending the 6th grade level, whose total age is 12 years old, residing in the city center and rural areas of Çanakkale participated in the study. Students were examined with SenseWear armband bmi, total energy consumption, daily step count, met, active energy consumption, physical activity time, reach time and sleep times. Body mass index was determined with Holtain Skinfold Caliper. For the analysis of the dataset, the Independent Sample t test was utilized to examine the difference between the students' physical activity levels and skin fold thickness. Then, the relevance between physical activity level and skinfold thickness was examined for pearson correlation. Significance value p<.05 and p<.01were accepted.
Results. ln accordance with the data obtained with SenseWear Armband, it has been determined that a statistically substantial amount of difference between BMI total energy consumption und daily step number of students living in rural and city centers is present. According to the results of skin fold thickness measurements made with skinfold calipers, there was a significant difference in triceps, subscapular, abdominal, suprailiac and femur regions (p<.05).
Conclusion. As a result of the research, it is concluded that students studying in the city center have less physical activity level than students living in the rural area.
Força muscular, funcionalidade e distância percorrida em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica
Authors: Gomes Luciano Xavier , Santos David , Santos Débora , Souza Gabriel , Cruz Vitória , Lima Yago , Matos Carlos 
Published: May 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: O status funcional do indivíduo com Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC), considerado um indicador preditivo de agravo do quadro clínico e qualidade de vida dessa população. OBJETIVO: Analisar a força muscular, morbidade, qualidade de vida e distância percorrida em pacientes com DPOC e comparar com o grupo não DPOC. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 58 voluntários, 29 do grupo DPOC, classificados em GOLD II e 29 o grupo não DPOC, com os seguintes parâmetros mensurados: função pulmonar; variáveis antropométricas; força muscular; morbidade mediante o índice Body mass index, airway Obstruction, Dyspnea, and Exercise capacity (BODE); qualidade de vida com o questionário do Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ); capacidade pulmonar através da distância percorrida no teste de caminhada de seis minutos. Para análise estatística, realizado o teste de Shapiro Wilk e os testes de Mann-Whitney ou t de Student, assim como o teste de correlação de Pearson, para valores de p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: A idade média total foi de 61±7 anos, a força de extensores de joelho (p:0,0004), com valores de força menores para o grupo DPOC 110,61±41,69; em comparação com do grupo não DPOC 156,31±44,09, destaca-se ainda a força de flexores de cotovelo (p 0,004), com 96,34±26,15 para grupo DPOC, em comparação ao grupo não DPOC 118,19±34,71. Na distância percorrida do TC6M o grupo DPOC percorreu uma média de 274± 107,86 e o grupo não DPOC 384,98±100,47 (p<0,05). O BODE apresentou correlação de (r = -0,79) com a distância percorrida no TC6M e de (r =0,72) com o Saint George total. CONCLUSÕES: Os pacientes com DPOC apresentaram redução da força muscular de membros superiores, extensores de joelho e da distância percorrida, ao comparar com o grupo não DPOC.