bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arterial duct stent versus surgical shunt for patients with duct-dependent pulmonary circulation: a meta-analysis
Authors: Li Dongxu , Zhou Xu , Li Mengsi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Both systemic-pulmonary shunt and arterial duct stent could be the palliation of duct-dependent pulmonary circulation. We aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of the two approaches.

Methods
The PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched through December 2019 for studies comparing stent implantation and surgical shunt in duct-dependent pulmonary circulation. The baseline characteristics included ventricle physiology and cardiac anomaly. The main outcomes were hospital stay and total mortality. Additional outcomes included procedural complications, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, pulmonary artery growth at follow-up, and other indexes. A random- or fixed-effects model was used to summarize the estimates of the mean difference (MD)/risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results
In total, 757 patients with duct-dependent pulmonary circulation from six studies were included. Pooled estimates of hospital stay (MD, − 4.83; 95% CI − 7.92 to − 1.74; p < 0.05), total mortality (RR 0.44; 95% CI 0.28–0.70; p < 0.05), complications (RR 0.49; 95% CI 0.30–0.81; p < 0.05) and ICU stay (MD, − 4.00; 95% CI − 5.96 to − 2.04; p < 0.05) favored the stent group. Significant differences were found in the proportions of patients with a single ventricle (RR 0.82; 95% CI 0.68–0.98; p < 0.05) or a double ventricle (RR 1.23; 95% CI 1.07–1.41; p < 0.05) between the stent and shunt groups. Additionally, pulmonary artery growth showed no significant differences between the two groups.

Conclusion
Arterial duct stent appears to have not inferior outcomes of procedural complications, mortality, hospital and ICU stay, and pulmonary artery growth in selected patients compared with a surgical shunt.

Trial registration

CRD42019147672.
Non-celiac wheat sensitivity: rationality and irrationality of a gluten-free diet in individuals affected with non-celiac disease: a review
Authors: Sergi Consolato , Villanacci Vincenzo , Carroccio Antonio 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNon-celiac gluten or wheat sensitivity (NCWS) is a “clinical entity induced by the ingestion of wheat leading to intestinal and/or extraintestinal symptoms that improve once the wheat-containing foodstuff is removed from the diet, and celiac disease and wheat allergy have been excluded”. This mostly accepted definition raises several points that remain controversial on this condition. In the present review, the authors summarize the most recent advances in the clinic and research on NCWS through an accurate analysis of different studies. We screened PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Scopus using the keywords “non-celiac gluten sensitivity”, “non-celiac wheat sensitivity”, and “diagnosis”. We would like to emphasize two main points, including (A) the controversial clinical and etiological aspects in different trials and experiences with particular attention to the Salerno criteria for the diagnosis of NCWS and (B) the histological aspects. The etiology of NCWS remains controversial, and the relationship with irritable bowel syndrome is obscure. Histologically, the duodenal mucosa may show a variable pattern from unremarkable to a slight increase in the number of T lymphocytes in the superficial epithelium of villi. The endorsement of this disease is based on a positive response to a gluten-free diet for a limited period, followed by the reappearance of symptoms after gluten challenge. The Salerno expert criteria may help to diagnose NCWS accurately. Social media and inaccurate interpretation of websites may jeopardize the diagnostic process if individuals self-label as gluten intolerant.
The clinical features of chronic intestinal schistosomiasis-related intestinal lesions
Authors: Qin Xian , Liu Cai-Yuan , Xiong Yi-Lin , Bai Tao , Zhang Lei , Hou Xiao-Hua , Song Jun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Chronic intestinal schistosomiasis has been reported to be associated with colonic polyps, colorectal cancer and ulcerative colitis. We aim to investigate the clinical characteristics of intestinal-related lesions caused by chronic intestinal schistosomiasis japonicum.

Methods
Patients with and without chronic intestinal schistosomiasis were retrospectively enrolled from the endoscopy center of Wuhan Union Hospital from September 1, 2014, to June 30, 2019 with a ratio of 4:1. The characteristics of infected intestinal segments were analyzed in patients with chronic intestinal schistosomiasis. We also compared the characteristics of intestinal-related lesions, including colorectal polyps, colorectal cancer (CRC), ulceration or erosion of the intestinal mucosa and hemorrhoids, between the two groups.

Results
A total of 248 patients with chronic intestinal schistosomiasis and 992 patients without chronic intestinal schistosomiasis were analyzed. The most common sites of chronic intestinal schistosomiasis were the sigmoid colon (79.0%) and rectum (84.7%). The frequency of intestinal polyps (64.5% vs. 42.8%, p < 0.001), especially rectal polyps (62.5% vs. 45.0%, p = 0.002), in the intestinal schistosomiasis group was significantly higher than that in the control group. Morphologically, type IIa polyps were more common in the schistosomiasis enteropathy group (68.5% vs. 60.7%, p = 0.001). Female patients with intestinal schistosomiasis had a higher detection rate of CRC than women in the control group (13.8% vs. 5.4%, p = 0.017). There was no significant difference in the incidence of ulcerative colitis between the two groups (0.8% vs. 0.6%, p = 0.664). In addition, the schistosomiasis enteropathy patients had a higher detection rate of internal hemorrhoids (58.9% vs. 51.0%, p = 0.027).

Conclusions
Chronic intestinal schistosomiasis mainly involved the rectum and sigmoid colon and was more likely to induce intestinal polyps, especially rectal polyps and internal hemorrhoids. Women with chronic schistosomiasis have a higher risk of colorectal cancer.
Pulmonary nocardiosis in a patient with pemphigus foliaceus: case report and literature review
Authors: Luo Ning , Tan Shifan , Li Xiaocai , Liu Si , Singh Shivank , Chen Mafeng , Yang Weiye , He Yanhong , Chen Chunna , Liang Min 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Nocardiosis is an uncommon opportunistic infection seen in immunocompromised patients or those with a dysfunctional immune system. Nocardia asteroides infection in patients with Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) has never been reported.

Case presentation
We report an interesting case of nocardiosis-characterized by pulmonary intra-cavitary infection, in a 54-year-old man with PF and diabetes mellitus. The man finally recovered from the infection.

Conclusions
This is the first case reporting pulmonary nocardiosis in a patient with PF. We recommend that physicians be aware of nocardiosis in patients with pemphigus as a possible cause of underlying infectious disease to avoid misdiagnoses and mismanagement.
Enteric pathogen infection and consequences for child growth in young Aboriginal Australian children: a cross-sectional study
Authors:   on behalf of the Child Health and Nutrition Study team, Hanieh Sarah , Mahanty Siddhartha , Gurruwiwi George , Kearns Therese , Dhurrkay Roslyn , Gondarra Veronica , Shield Jenny , Ryan Norbert , Azzato Francesca , Ballard Susan A. , Orlando Nicole , Nicholson Sullen , Gibney Katherine , Brimblecombe Julie , Page Wendy , Harrison Leonard C. , Biggs Beverley-Ann 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
To determine the prevalence of enteric infections in Aboriginal children aged 0–2 years using conventional and molecular diagnostic techniques and to explore associations between the presence of pathogens and child growth.

Methods
Cross-sectional analysis of Aboriginal children (n = 62) residing in a remote community in Northern Australia, conducted from July 24th - October 30th 2017. Stool samples were analysed for organisms by microscopy (directly in the field and following fixation and storage in sodium-acetate formalin), and by qualitative PCR for viruses, bacteria and parasites and serology for Strongyloides-specific IgG. Child growth (height and weight) was measured and z scores calculated according to WHO growth standards.

Results
Nearly 60% of children had evidence for at least one enteric pathogen in their stool (37/62). The highest burden of infection was with adenovirus/sapovirus (22.9%), followed by astrovirus (9.8%) and Cryptosporidium hominis/parvum (8.2%). Non-pathogenic organisms were detected in 22.5% of children. Ten percent of children had diarrhea at the time of stool collection. Infection with two or more pathogens was negatively associated with height for age z scores (− 1.34, 95% CI − 2.61 to − 0.07), as was carriage of the non-pathogen Blastocystis hominis (− 2.05, 95% CI - 3.55 to − 0.54).

Conclusions
Infants and toddlers living in this remote Northern Australian Aboriginal community had a high burden of enteric pathogens and non-pathogens. The association between carriage of pathogens/non-pathogens with impaired child growth in the critical first 1000 days of life has implications for healthy child growth and development and warrants further investigation. These findings have relevance for many other First Nations Communities that face many of the same challenges with regard to poverty, infections, and malnutrition.
Morphological study of the vastus medialis oblique in recurrent patellar dislocation based on magnetic resonance images
Authors: Shu Lei , Yang Xu , He Hangyuan , Chen Biao , Chen Liaobin , Ni Qubo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
To investigate the morphological parameters of the vastus medialis obliquus (VMO) muscle and delineate its importance in the maintenance of patellofemoral joint stability.

Methods
The magnetic resonance imaging data of seventy-five knees (fifty-four patients) with recurrent lateral patella dislocation (LPD) and seventy-five knees (seventy patients) without recurrent LPD were retrospectively analysed. Five morphological parameters related to the VMO (elevation in the sagittal plane and coronal plane, craniocaudal extent, muscle-fibre angulation, cross-sectional area ratio) and two patella tilt parameters (patella tilt angle, bisect offset ratio) were measured in MR images. The independent-samples t test or chi-square test was used for statistical comparisons.

Results
The mean ages of the patients in the recurrent LPD group and control group were 22.1 ± 9.9 years and 24.0 ± 6.5 years, respectively. Eighteen out of seventy-five (24%) patients MRI showed VMO injuries. Compared with the control group, the patients with recurrent LPD showed significantly higher sagittal VMO elevation (10.4 ± 2.3 mm vs. 4.1 ± 1.9 mm), coronal VMO elevation (15.9 ± 5.7 mm vs. 3.9 ± 3.7 mm), muscle-fibre angulation (35.4 ± 8.0° vs. 27.9 ± 6.3°), patella tilt angle (25.9 ± 10.7° vs. 9.1 ± 5.2°), and bisect offset ratio values (0.9 ± 0.3 vs. 0.5 ± 0.1) and significantly lower craniocaudal extent (13.7 ± 5.3 mm vs. 16.7 ± 5.1 mm) and cross-sectional area ratio values (0.05 ± 0.02 vs. 0.07 ± 0.02).

Conclusions
The results showed that abnormalities in the VMO and patella tilt were clearly present in recurrent LPD patients compared with normal people.
Myeloma cast nephropathy with diffuse amyloid casts without systemic amyloidosis: two cases report
Authors: Yong Zi-hao , Yu Xiao-juan , Lin Zi-shan , Zhou Fu-de , Cen Xi-nan , Wang Su-xia , Zhao Ming-hui 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma-cell derived hematologic malignant disease. The malignant proliferating plasma cells secrete massive monoclonal immunoglobulins which lead to various pathologic types of renal injury. Myeloma cast nephropathy (MCN) is the most common histopathologic lesion with the worst renal prognosis. Rarely, the free light chains in the protein casts can form amyloid fibrils. Here, we reported two rare cases of MCN with diffuse amyloid casts.

Case presentation
Case 1: A 54-year-old Chinese man presented with a 4-year history of multiple myeloma, proteinuria and hematuria. He had monoclonal IgAλ plus free λ spike in both serum and urine. He had been on chemotherapy for 4 years and maintained normal serum creatinine until 11 months ago. Then, his renal function deteriorated and he went on hemodialysis 4 months before admission. Renal biopsy showed diffuse amyloid casts in the tubular lumens, without any obvious amyloid deposits in other kidney compartments or signs of extra-renal amyloidosis. The amyloid fibrils formed around mononuclear cells which were CD68 negative. According to the morphology and location, these mononuclear cells were considered as tubular epithelial cells. The patient was maintained on chemotherapy and hemodialysis. He died 8 months after renal biopsy.
Case 2: A 58-year-old Chinese man presented with a one-and-a-half-year history of proteinuria and slowly rising serum creatinine. He had monoclonal IgDλ spike in both serum and urine. Amyloid casts were observed in the tubular lumens and mononuclear cells could be identified in the center of some casts. There were no amyloid deposits in other kidney compartments and no sign of systemic amyloidosis. The patient also had fine granular deposits along the tubular basement membrane with λ linear staining along tubular basement membrane suggesting light chain deposition disease. He was treated with bortezomib-based chemotherapy followed by lenalidomide-based chemotherapy and achieved very good partial remission (VGPR). After 27 months of follow-up, the patient still showed no signs of systemic amyloidosis.

Conclusions
These 2 cases of MCN with diffuse amyloid casts have different histopathologic characteristics from the usual myeloma casts and tubular epithelial cells might play important roles in the pathogenesis.
The association between retinal vessel abnormalities and H-type hypertension
Authors: Huang Kuankuan , Zhang Zhixiang , Huang Shan , Jia Yanwen , Zhang Min , Yun Wenwei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between H-type hypertension and retinal vessel abnormalities.

Methods
Hypertensive patients were retrospectively enrolled in this study. According to plasma homocysteine (HCY), patients were divided into isolated hypertension and H-type hypertension groups. The diameter of retinal vessels and retinopathy were evaluated by retinal fundus photography. The differences of retinal vessel abnormalities between H-type hypertension and isolated hypertension were investigated by univariate and multivariate regression.

Results
A total of 191 hypertensive patients were included, of which 86 were with isolated hypertension and 105 with H-type hypertension. The H-type hypertension group had a higher ratio of retinopathy(P = 0.004) and higher degree of retinal arteriosclerosis (P = 0.005) than the isolated hypertension group. CRAE (107.47 ± 13.99µ m vs. 113.49 ± 11.72µ m, P = 0.002) and AVR (0.55 ± 0.06 vs. 0.58 ± 0.06, P = 0.001) were smaller in H-type hypertension group than those in isolated hypertension group. Multivariate analysis showed that after adjusting for age, sex, course of hypertension and diabetes, H-type hypertension was an independent risk factor of retinopathy (OR, 2.259; 95%CI, 1.165—4.378; P = 0.016), CRAE (β=-5.669; 95%CI, -9.452—-1.886; P = 0.004), and AVR (β=-0.023; 95%CI, -0.039—-0.007; P = 0.005).

Conclusions
H-type hypertension is closely related to more retinal vessel abnormalities than isolated hypertension. Controlling H-type hypertension may reduce the risk of small vascular damage.
Galectin-1 expression in the serum and placenta of pregnant women with fetal growth restriction and its significance
Authors: Jin Xiao-Xiao , Ying Xiang , Dong Min-Yue 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to investigate galectin-1 (Gal-1) expression in the serum and placenta of pregnant women with fetal growth restriction (FGR) and its significance.MethodsThirty-one pregnant women with single-birth FGR but without comorbidities, eight pregnant women with FGR and preeclampsia (PE), and eight pregnant women with FGR and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were enrolled as the study group, while 20 pregnant women with normal singleton pregnancy in the same period were enrolled as the control group. The serum Gal-1 level was detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Gal-1 expression in the placenta was detected by western blot.ResultsThe results revealed that, compared with the control group, the serum Gal-1 level decreased in the women with FGR without comorbidities, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Compared with the control group, the difference in serum Gal-1 expression in the FGR-PE group was not statistically significant (P = 0.29). The peripheral serum Gal-1 level decreased in the FGR-GDM group compared with the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The serum Gal-1 level was positively correlated with birth weight (r2 = 0.172,P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the Gal-1 expression level decreased in the placenta of the pregnant women with FGR without comorbidities (P < 0.05).ConclusionsGal-1 exhibits low expression in the serum and placenta of pregnant women with FGR. In addition, Gal-1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of FGR and could represent a new diagnostic marker of the disease.
Intraventricular haemorrhage in a Ugandan cohort of low birth weight neonates: the IVHU study
Authors: MacLeod R. , Paulson J. N. , Okalany N. , Okello F. , Acom L. , Ikiror J. , Cowan F. M. , Tann C. J. , Dyet L. E. , Hagmann C. F. , Burgoine K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundGlobally, 15 million neonates are born prematurely every year, over half in low income countries (LICs). Premature and low birth weight neonates have a higher risk of intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH). There are minimal data regarding IVH in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to examine the incidence, severity and timing of and modifiable risk factors for IVH amongst low-birth-weight neonates in Uganda.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study of neonates with birthweights of ≤2000 g admitted to a neonatal unit (NU) in a regional referral hospital in eastern Uganda. Maternal data were collected from interviews and medical records. Neonates had cranial ultrasound (cUS) scans on the day of recruitment and days 3, 7 and 28 after birth. Risk factors were tabulated and are presented alongside odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for IVH incidence. Outcomes included incidence, timing and severity of IVH and 28-day survival.ResultsOverall, 120 neonates were recruited. IVH was reported in 34.2% of neonates; 19.2% had low grade (Papile grades 1–2) and 15% had high grade (Papile grades 3–4). Almost all IVH (90.2%) occurred by day 7, including 88.9% of high grade IVH. Of those with known outcomes, 70.4% (81/115) were alive on day 28 and survival was not associated with IVH. We found that vaginal delivery, gestational age (GA) < 32 weeks and resuscitation in the NU increased the odds of IVH. Of the 6 neonates who received 2 doses of antenatal steroids, none had IVH.ConclusionIn this resource limited NU in eastern Uganda, more than a third of neonates born weighing ≤2000 g had an IVH and the majority of these occurred by day 7. We found that vaginal birth, earlier gestation and need for resuscitation after admission to the NU increased the risk of IVH. This study had a high rate of SGA neonates and the risk factors and relationship of these factors with IVH in this setting needs further investigation. The role of antenatal steroids in the prevention of IVH in LICs also needs urgent exploration.
Perinatal factors influencing the neonatal hearing screening results
Authors: Kaveh Mahbod , Mirjalali Seyedeh Nastaran , Shariat Mamak , Zarkesh Mohammad Reza 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Previous studies have indicated that the majority of cases with “failed” results related to transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (OAE) test have the normal hearing. The present study aimed to assess the possible relationships between perinatal factors and the false-positive OAE results.

Methods
A case-control study was carried out in an Iranian Hospital in 2020. Based on the OAE results on the first day of life, newborns were divided into 2 groups; Control group included subjects with “Pass” OAE results. Every neonate with “Fail” OAE result was referred for auditory brainstem response (ABR). Neonates with bilateral fail OAE but normal ABR results (false-positive OAE) were considered as the case group. All recorded data were analyzed to assess the possible correlations between maternal/neonatal factors and the false-positive OAE results.

Results
One hundred and eighty-one neonates entered the study. Of all included neonates, 87 (48.1%) cases showed bilateral fail OAE and 94 (51.9%) subjects passed the OAE test. Normal ABR results (false-positive OAE) were observed in all cases with bilateral fail OAE. Comparisons of variables affecting the OAE results showed that of all perinatal factors, neonate’s sex (p = 0.046) and cesarean section (p = 0.003) were the only influencing factors that increased the risk of false-positive OAE results.

Conclusion
Based on the results, the cesarean section delivery and neonate’s male sex increased the risk of false-positive results related to OAE test. Implementing other screening tests such as ABR or Automated ABR as the initial screening test could be suggested for such cases.
The impact of celebrity influence and national media coverage on users of an alcohol reduction app: a natural experiment
Authors: Garnett Claire , Perski Olga , Beard Emma , Michie Susan , West Robert , Brown Jamie 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Smartphone apps are increasingly used for health-related behaviour change and people discover apps through different sources. However, it is unclear whether users differ by mode of app discovery. Drink Less is an alcohol reduction app that received national media coverage in the UK caused by celebrity influence (a male TV and radio national broadcaster, aged 51). Our aim was to compare users who discovered the app before and after this coverage.

Methods
A natural experiment assessing the impact of media coverage of Drink Less on users’ socio-demographic and drinking characteristics, app engagement levels, and extent of alcohol reduction. The study period was from 17th May 2017 to 23rd January 2019, with media coverage starting on 21st August 2018. Users were 18 years or over, based in the UK and interested in drinking less. Interrupted time series analyses using Generalised Additive Mixed Models were conducted for each outcome variable aggregated at the weekly level.

Results
In 66 weeks prior to the media coverage, 8617 users downloaded the app and 18,959 in 23 weeks afterwards. There was a significant step-level increase in users’ mean age (B = 8.17, p < .001) and a decrease in the percentage of female users (B = -27.71, p < .001), though these effects dissipated non-linearly over time. No effect of media coverage was detected on employment type or on the percentage of at-risk drinkers, though the mean Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test score was lower after the media coverage (B = -1.43, p = .031). There was a step-level increase in app engagement – number of sessions (B = 3.45, p = .038) and number of days used (B = 2.30, p = .005) – which continued to increase over time following quadratic trends.

Conclusions
Celebrity influence leading to national media coverage in the UK of the Drink Less app was associated with more people downloading the app who were male, older and engaged with the app; and did not appear to impact employment inequality.