bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Process of Becoming Multilingual: Individual Language Biographies of Poles in Bukovina
Authors: Krasowska Helena 
Published: December 2020

The Process of Becoming Multilingual: Individual Language Biographies of Poles in BukovinaThis article focuses on multilingual female speakers born in Bukovina in the 1920s using the language biography method. Analysing selected language biographies of Poles living in southern and northern Bukovina entails focusing on a heritage language. The language biography method shows the development process of individual language awareness. The cases analysed in the study indicate that it is difficult to preserve the linguistic and cultural identity of an individual in mixed-language marriages. For Bukovinian Poles, the Polish language and the Roman Catholic religion are factors of identification and indigenous values symbolizing their belonging to the culture of their ancestors. These two elements are at the core of their identity and are fundamental cultural values which are passed on to children. All the language biographies presented in the article show the speakers’ multilingualism and the way and time in which they learned subsequent languages. Their acquisition was voluntary on the one hand, but imposed on the other. Proces stawania się wielojęzycznym. Indywidualne biografie językowe Polaków na BukowiniePrzedmiotem analiz są wielojęzyczne rozmowy prowadzone przez rozmówców urodzonych na Bukowinie w latach dwudziestych XX wieku. W badaniach zastosowano metodę biografii językowej. Analiza wybranych biografii językowych Polaków mieszkających w Południowej i Północnej Bukowinie wiąże się z skupieniem się na języku dziedzictwa kulturowego. Metoda biografii językowej pokazuje proces rozwoju indywidualnej świadomości językowej. Przypadki analizowane w badaniach wskazują, że trudno jest zachować tożsamość językową i kulturową jednostki w małżeństwach mieszanych. Dla bukowińskich Polaków język polski i religia rzymskokatolicka są czynnikami identyfikacji i wartościami rodzimymi, symbolizującymi ich przynależność do kultury przodków. Te dwa czynniki identyfikacji są podstawowymi wartościami kulturowymi, przekazywanymi dzieciom. Wszystkie biografie językowe przedstawione w artykule pokazują wielojęzyczność mówców oraz sposób i czas, w jaki nauczyli się kolejnych języków.
Larysa Masenko, “Surzhyk: Mizh Movoju i Jazykom”. Vydavnychyĭ Dim “Kiievo-Mohylians'ka Akademiia”, Kyiv 2019, Ss. 232
Authors: Levchuk Pavlo 
Published: December 2020

Larysa Masenko, “Surzhyk: Mizh Movoju i Jazykom”. Vydavnychyĭ Dim “Kiievo-Mohylians'ka Akademiia”, Kyiv 2019, Ss. 232The reviewed monography is the first vast paper on the phenomenon of the Ukrainian–Russian linguistic contacts. The second edition is extended to include new scientific publications and completed with the respondents answers. The study as a whole depicts the etymology of the name of the phenomenon (Surzhyk), tries to place the phenomenon in the theory of linguistic contacts and gives examples of the use in the respondents answers, literature and the Internet. Larysa Masenko, “Surzhyk: Mizh movoju i jazykom”. Vydavnychyĭ dim “Kiievo-Mohylians'ka Akademiia”, Kyiv 2019, ss. 232Recenzowana monografia jest pierwszą obszerną pracą nad zjawiskiem kontaktów językowych ukraińsko-rosyjskich. Druga edycja jest bardziej rozbudowana o nowe prace naukowe i zilustrowana odpowiedziami respondentów.
Expanding WordNet with Gloss and Polysemy Links for Evocation Strength Recognition
Authors: Maziarz Marek , Rudnicka Ewa 
Published: December 2020

Expanding WordNet with Gloss and Polysemy Links for Evocation Strength RecognitionEvocation – a phenomenon of sense associations going beyond standard (lexico)-semantic relations – is difficult to recognise for natural language processing systems. Machine learning models give predictions which are only moderately correlated with the evocation strength. It is believed that ordinary graph measures are not as good at this task as methods based on vector representations. The paper proposes a new method of enriching the WordNet structure with weighted polysemy and gloss links, and proves that Dijkstra’s algorithm performs equally as well as other more sophisticated measures when set together with such expanded structures. Rozszerzenie WordNetu o glosy i relacje polisemiczne na potrzeby rozpoznawania siły ewokacjiEwokacja – zjawisko skojarzeń zmysłowych wykraczających poza standardowe (leksykalne) relacje semantyczne – jest trudne do rozpoznania dla systemów przetwarzania języka naturalnego. Modele uczenia maszynowego dają prognozy tylko umiarkowanie skorelowane z siłą ewokacji. Uważa się, że zwykłe miary grafowe nie są tak dobre w tym zadaniu, jak metody oparte na reprezentacjach wektorowych. Proponujemy nową metodę wzbogacania struktury WordNet o polisemie ważone i linki połysku i udowadniamy, że algorytm Dijkstry zestawiony z tak rozbudowanymi strukturami działa a także inne, bardziej wyrafinowane środki.
The Perception and Comprehension of Audiovisual Advertisements Among Learners of Polish
Authors: Bartosik Dominika 
Published: December 2020

The Perception and Comprehension of Audiovisual Advertisements Among Learners of PolishThe main aim of this article is to examine the extent to which international learners of the Polish language are able to understand audio-visual advertisements based on idiomatic phrases. To answer this question, research was conducted amongst students of B2 level or higher, according to the Common European Framework of References for Languages (Council of Europe, 2002). This paper joins two distinct but inseparable disciplines in this field of study – namely marketing and language – in order to demonstrate audio-visual commercial advertising as a language discourse. Postrzeganie i rozumienie reklam audiowizualnych wśród uczących się języka polskiego jako obcegoCelem artykułu jest zbadanie, w jakim stopniu uczący się języka polskiego jako obcego są w stanie zrozumieć audiowizualne przekazy reklamowe, oparte na związkach idiomatycznych. Aby odpowiedzieć na to pytanie, przeprowadzono badania wśród studentów na poziomie B2 lub wyższym, zgodnie z Europejskim systemem kształcenia językowego (Rada Europy, 2002). Artykuł ten łączy dwie odrębne, ale nierozłączne dyscypliny nauki – marketing i lingwistykę – w celu przedstawienia reklamy audiowizualnej jako dyskursu językowego.
The Crucial Role of Synoptic Pattern in Determining the Spatial Distribution and Diurnal Cycle of Heavy Rainfall over the South China Coast
Authors: Wang Chenli , Zhao Kun , Huang Anning , Chen Xingchao , Rao Xiaona 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe South China coast suffers frequent heavy rainfall every warm season. Based on the objective classification method of principal components analysis, the key role of the synoptic pattern in determining the heavy rainfall processes that occurred over the South China coast in the warm season during 2008–18 is examined in this study. We found that heavy rainfall occurs most frequently under three typical synoptic patterns (P1–P3 hereafter) characterized by strong low-level onshore winds. P1 and P3 feature a prevailing southwesterly monsoonal flow in the lower troposphere, with heavy rainfall frequently occurring over the inland windward region in the afternoon associated with the orographic lifting and solar heating. The onshore wind of P3 is stronger than P1 as the western Pacific subtropical high extends more westward to 122°E, which induces stronger low-level convergence along the coastline than P1 when the ageostrophic wind veers from the offshore to onshore direction in the early morning. Hence, a secondary early morning rainfall peak can be found along the coastline. P2 is characterized by a low-level vortex located over the southwest portion of south China. Heavy rainfall under P2 usually initiates over the western part of the coastal region in the morning and then propagates inland in the afternoon. Overall, the synoptic patterns strongly determine the spatial distribution and diurnal cycle of heavy rainfall over the South China coast. This heavy rainfall is closely related to the diurnally varying low-level onshore winds rather than the low-level jets, as well as the different interactions between the low-level onshore winds and the local orography, coastline, and land–sea breeze circulations under different synoptic patterns.
A Theory of the Spring Persistence Barrier on ENSO. Part I: The Role of ENSO Period
Authors: Jin Yishuai , Liu Zhengyu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the role of the period of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the spring persistence barrier (SPB), mainly using the neutral recharge oscillator (NRO) model both analytically and numerically. It is suggested that a shorter ENSO period strengthens the SPB. Moreover, in contrast to the strict phase locking of the SPB in the Langevin equation, the phase of the SPB is no longer locked exactly to a particular time of the calendar year in the NRO model. Instead, the phases of the SPB for different initial months shift earlier with lag months of maximum persistence decline. In particular, the phase of the SPB will be shifted from the early summer to early spring, corresponding to the initial months of the early half year and later half year. This feature demonstrates that for the later half year, ENSO predictability decreases as the presence of ENSO period. For realistic parameters, the range of the phase change is modest, smaller than 2–3 months. A similar phase shift is also identified for the SPB in the damped ENSO regime, unstable ENSO regime, and observations. Our theory provides a null hypothesis for the role of ENSO period with regard to the SPB.
The Three-Cornered Hat Method for Estimating Error Variances of Three or More Atmospheric Datasets. Part I: Overview and Evaluation
Authors: Sjoberg Jeremiah P. , Anthes Richard A. , Rieckh Therese 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe three-cornered hat (3CH) method, which was originally developed to assess the random errors of atomic clocks, is a means for estimating the error variances of three different datasets. Here we give an overview of the historical development of the 3CH and select other methods for estimating error variances that use either two or three datasets. We discuss similarities and differences between these methods and the 3CH method. This study assesses the sensitivity of the 3CH method to the factors that limit its accuracy, including sample size, outliers, different magnitudes of errors between the datasets, biases, and unknown error correlations. Using simulated datasets for which the errors and their correlations among the datasets are known, this analysis shows the conditions under which the 3CH method provides the most and least accurate estimates. The effect of representativeness errors caused by differences in vertical resolution of datasets is investigated. These representativeness errors are generally small relative to the magnitude of the random errors in the datasets, and the impact of this source of errors can be reduced by appropriate filtering.
Does the use of fish oil-based lipid emulsion in the clinical setting of total parenteral nutrition and lipid rescue therapy interfere with common laboratory analytes on Roche Cobas 6000?
Authors: Tan Jun Guan , Wong Moh Sim 
Published: December 2020

Background Lipaemic interference on automated analysers has been widely studied using soy-based emulsion such as Intralipid. Due to the greater adoption of fish oil-based lipid emulsion for total parenteral nutrition in view of improved clinical outcomes, we seek to characterize the optical properties of SMOFlipid 20% (Fresenius Kabi, Bad Homburg, Germany), a fish oil-based emulsion, on the Roche Cobas 6000 chemistry analyser (Roche Diagnostic, Basel, Switzerland). Method Various amounts of SMOFlipid were spiked into pooled serums. We plotted Roche Cobas Serum Index Gen.2 Lipaemia Index (L-index) against the amount of SMOFlipid added. We then studied the interference thresholds for aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, albumin and renal panel analytes using SMOFlipid. We subjected five levels of spiked lipaemia to high-speed centrifugation and analysed the specimens pre- and post-centrifugation. To postulate whether fish oil-based lipid emulsion interferes with laboratory results in the clinical setting, we calculated concentrations of SMOFlipid post-lipid rescue therapy and steady-state concentration of a typical total parenteral nutrition regime using pharmacokinetic principles. Results SMOFlipid optical behaviour is similar to Intralipid using the Serum Index Gen.2 L-index, with 1 mg/dL of SMOFlipid representing 1 unit of L-index. Manufacturer-stated interference thresholds are accurate for alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, albumin, urea and creatinine. High-speed centrifugation at 60 min 21,100 g facilitates the removal of fish oil-based SMOFlipid. Conclusion Based on the interference thresholds we verified and pharmacokinetics parameters provided by SMOFlipid manufacturer, total parenteral nutrition may not interfere with chemistry analytes given sufficient clearance, but lipid rescue therapy will interfere. Further studies assessing lipaemic interference on immunoassays are needed.
Occupational Performance Coaching for Mothers of Children with Disabilities in India
Authors: Angelin C. Suja , Sugi S. , Rajendran K. 
Published: December 2020

Background. Occupational Performance Coaching (OPC) aims to help mothers plan and manage theirs and their children’s occupational performance. Purpose. To assess the effectiveness of OPC in improving occupational performance and parenting competence of mothers of children with disabilities in an Indian context. Method. Mixed method design was used. Thirty-six mothers were assigned to intervention or control groups. Occupational performance and parenting competence were measured at three time points. Semi-structured interviews were used. Findings. OPC had significant effects on children’s occupational performance ( p < 0.001), mothers’ occupational performance ( p < 0.001), and self-competence ( p = 0.003). There was also a significant difference between control and intervention groups in occupational performance ( p = 0.001) and satisfaction ( p = 0.003). Interviews revealed three themes: acceptance, self-learning, and challenges during OPC. Implications. OPC is effective in improving the occupational performance and parenting competence of mothers of children with disabilities in varied cultural contexts.
Comparison of bone wax and chitosan usage on post-sternotomy bone healing
Authors: Amal Ihsanul , Soebroto Heroe , Puruhito  
Published: December 2020

Background Sternotomy is a standard approach performed in almost every surgical procedure on the heart and mediastinum. Effective hemostasis of the sternum is required to keep the operative field dry, avoid excessive blood transfusions during surgery, and prevent reoperation due to massive postoperative bleeding, which can further increase morbidity and mortality in patients. Bone wax is a mechanical hemostat commonly used after sternotomy and has been known to affect bone healing, trigger chronic inflammatory reactions, and increase the rate of infection. The application of chitosan, which has intrinsic hemostat ability, as hemostatic material is believed to improve bone healing following sternotomy. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of bone wax and chitosan on bone healing after sternotomy. Methods Median sternotomies were performed on 2 groups of New Zealand White rabbits. Each group of 16 animals received either bone wax or chitosan powder as hemostatic material. The degree of bone healing, the number of foreign-body giant cells, and the number of osteoblasts were evaluated after 6 weeks. Results Radiographs showed that significantly more animals in the chitosan group had total sternal healing ( p = 0.033). Histopathology revealed that the number of foreign-body giant cells was significantly less ( p = 0.036) and the number of osteoblasts was significantly greater ( p < 0.0001) in the group of animals that received chitosan. Conclusion The use of chitosan as hemostatic material can promote better bone healing compared to bone wax.
The impact of public health palliative care interventions on health system outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Collins Anna , Brown Julia E. H. , Mills Jason , Philip Jennifer 
Published: December 2020

Background: Public health palliative care interventions are increasingly implemented, with growing recognition of the importance of building evidence to support their utility in end-of-life care. Previous efforts have focused on community outcomes. Aim: To examine the impact of public health palliative care on patterns of health service use at the end of life (primary) and explore which outcomes are being measured within this field of research (secondary). Design: Systematic review of studies reporting qualitative and quantitative data, analysed with a narrative synthesis method. Data sources: A systematic review conducted and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses guideline was undertaken using six electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, INFORMIT and COCHRANE) up to February 2020. Results: Searches yielded 2622 unique titles screened for eligibility, resulting in 35 studies measuring outcomes from a public health palliative care approach. Five (14%) studies assessed health system outcomes, and three reported some mixed evidence of impact, including reduced hospital emergency admissions, hospital bed days, hospital costs and increased home deaths. Most studies (86%) instead reported on conceptual (49%), knowledge (40%), programme participation (37%) and/or individual health outcomes (29%). Conclusion: The impact of public health palliative care is an evolving area of empirical inquiry with currently only limited evidence that it improves healthcare utilisation outcomes at the end of life, and limited focus on measurement of these outcomes. Further empirical studies are needed to support the reorientation of health services, which remains an important component in realising ‘whole of system change’ to bring about quality end-of-life care for all.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in uterine artery embolization treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy
Authors: Liu Dongmei , Gu Xiaoning , Liu Fang , Shi Fuwen , Yang Min 
Published: December 2020

Objective The current study aimed to investigate the application of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in diagnosis and treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP). Methods A retrospective study was performed in 35 patients with clinically suspected CSP who requested termination of pregnancy and underwent contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). The patients were classified into two groups on the basis of whether they received uterine artery embolization (UAE). The CEUS characteristics of the two groups were reviewed. Results CEUS features of CSP were early enhancement of the cesarean scar and continuous infusion of contrast agent between the gestational sac and cesarean scar. Myometrial thickness in the cesarean scar was thinner in the UAE group than in the non-UAE group by CEUS and transvaginal ultrasound. Myometrial thickness measured by CEUS was thinner than that measured by transvaginal ultrasound in both groups. The parameters of the time-intensity curve in the UAE group were characterized by a faster arrival time, shorter time to peak, higher peak intensity, and greater enhancement rate compared with the non-UAE group. Conclusions CEUS may be a novel supplementary method to diagnose and assess CSP, and to help evaluate whether UAE is required.
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for the Treatment of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis: La Stimulation Magnétique Transcrânienne Répétitive Pour le Traitement du Trouble de Stress Post-Traumatique : Une Revue Systématique et une Méta-Analyse en Réseau
Authors: McGirr Alexander , Devoe Daniel J , Raedler Amelie , Debert Chantel T , Ismail Zahinoor , Berlim Marcelo T 
Published: December 2020

Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a promising treatment modality for Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Several targets and stimulation parameters have been investigated, and while previous meta-analyses have suggested that rTMS is efficacious, these have pooled different stimulation parameters and targets, and the relative efficacy of each is unknown. Methods: We therefore performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and PsycINFO and retaining RCTs with at least 5 individuals per arm and clinician-rated PTSD symptoms (PROSPERO CRD42019134984). We adhered to PRISMA guidelines, and 2 independent reviewers screened studies for eligibility and extracted the primary outcome of clinician-rated PTSD symptoms. Dropouts were extracted as a proxy for acceptability. Random effects pairwise meta-analyses and a network meta-analysis were performed. Results: We synthesize data from 10 RCTs with a total of 421 participants. Two rTMS interventions targeting the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) improved PTSD symptoms relative to sham: low-frequency stimulation (SMD = 0.70; 95% CI, 0.22 to 1.18) and high-frequency stimulation (SMD = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.11 to 1.31). Medial PFC dTMS, right DLPFC intermittent theta-burst stimulation, and left DLPFC high-frequency stimulation did not separate from sham. Dropouts as a proxy for acceptability revealed no differences between any of the active conditions or sham nor did any of the active conditions differ from each other. Conclusion: The current literature does not support efficacy differences between interventions; however, protocols stimulating the right DLPFC appear superior to sham. It is unclear whether this reflects heterogeneity in pathology requiring a personalized medicine approach or nonspecific mechanisms of rTMS.
Recent Trends in Admission Diagnosis and Related Mortality in the Medically Critically Ill
Authors: Ingraham Nicholas E. , Vakayil Victor , Pendleton Kathryn M. , Robbins Alexandria J. , Freese Rebecca L. , Palzer Elise F. , Charles Anthony , Dudley R. Adams , Tignanelli Christopher J. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose: With decades of declining ICU mortality, we hypothesized that the outcomes and distribution of diseases cared for in the ICU have changed and we aimed to further characterize them. Study Design and Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis of 287,154 nonsurgical-critically ill adults, from 237 U.S. ICUs, using the manually abstracted Cerner APACHE Outcomes database from 2008 to 2016 was performed. Surgical patients, rare admission diagnoses (<100 occurrences), and low volume hospitals (<100 total admissions) were excluded. Diagnoses were distributed into mutually exclusive organ system/disease-based categories based on admission diagnosis. Multi-level mixed-effects negative binomial regression was used to assess temporal trends in admission, in-hospital mortality, and length of stay (LOS). Results: The number of ICU admissions remained unchanged (IRR 0.99, 0.98-1.003) while certain organ system/disease groups increased (toxicology [25%], hematologic/oncologic [55%] while others decreased (gastrointestinal [31%], pulmonary [24%]). Overall risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality was unchanged (IRR 0.98, 0.96-1.0004). Risk-adjusted ICU LOS (Estimate −0.06 days/year, −0.07 to −0.04) decreased. Risk-adjusted mortality varied significantly by disease. Conclusion: Risk-adjusted ICU mortality rate did not change over the study period, but there was evidence of shifting disease burden across the critical care population. Our data provides useful information regarding future ICU personnel and resource needs.