bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The research of tubular mixer with improved design
Authors: Epoyan S , Sukhorukov G , Volkov V , Haiduchok O 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Modern technological schemes in water supply for clarifying surface water include using reagents as coagulants, flocculants, etc. To mix them with the source water on plants usually use different types of mixing devices. Tubular mixer is one of such devices. Our research work involves the study of a tubular mixer with improved design, which can mix several reagents with source water. The paper presents theoretical and experimental studies of the tubular mixer with improved design for mixing several reagents with natural water. It is theoretically and experimentally substantiated the feasibility of using this tubular mixer for mixing several reagents with natural water over a short mixing time. The improved design of tubular mixer can mix several reagents with natural water in a short mixing time, intensify the mixing process and improve quality of water after treatment.
Tensile strength of the pipe material determination according to the ultimate tensile strength
Authors: Younis B , Saienko L , Kazimahomedov I , Salem S 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A new calculation method for the strength of concrete pipes, developed, helps to determine the stresses in the walls of concrete pipes under the combined action of an external (compressing pipe) load and internal pressure from the fluid transported under pressure. An analysis of the nature and magnitude of the stresses is necessary to choose the material of the pipe walls, as well as to establish a possible combination of ultimate external. New formulas make it possible to determine the stresses in the pipe walls under the combined action of an external load and internal pressure. Based on the developed formulas, it was found that the main dangerous stresses in the pipes are tensile stresses. Using the obtained equations allows to determine the range of application of pipes made of modified concrete and to select the necessary concrete strength based on operational loads. There are two methods for determining the bearing capacity of pipeline: three-edge bearing method, in which the maximum breaking load (ultimate), and hydro-static loading method to determine the maximum internal pressure. The design of the test bench for pipes was developed in order to determine the maximum internal pressure on the pipe walls.
Reduction of formaldehyde in ambient air through application of special acrylic co-polymer in paint-and-lacquer coatings
Authors: Runova R F , Pipa V V , Nosovsky Yu L , Laboda M A , Monfort I B 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Application of modern coatings in interior decoration is becoming increasingly popular. With their help, new decorative effects are created and implemented, which contribute to the desired aesthetic pleasure. The development of the chemical industry allows to produce a wide range of decorative coatings, paints and water-based enamels, as well as other finishing building materials that are widely used by designers and craftsmen in the design of premises. As a result, manufacturing companies face a clear challenge in creating safe materials for human health. It is known that the use of preservatives, plasticizers and opalescent additives in coatings are a source of harmful volatile organic compounds (VOCs), in particular phenol-formaldehyde resins, which provoke dangerous human diseases, and formaldehyde itself (H2–C=O) is a carcinogen and can cause lungs, nasopharyngeal cancer and cause acute myeloid leukemia. Formulation models of coatings based on PRIMAL™ SF-208 ER acrylic copolymer dispersion have been developed, which, among the required operational and quality characteristics, have the ability to reduce the content of formaldehyde. There is defined the regularity of the increase in the amount of phenol-formaldehyde absorbed by the paint from the ambient air from the increase in the quantitative content of the dispersion in the paint.
Express-method of determination hidroactiviti of Portland cement
Authors: Nikolaev A P , Kondrachenko E V , Kondrachenko V I 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Basic problems are touched for existing methods of Portland cement binding properties control. Some of them consist in the fact that direct methods for Portland cement clinker and Portland cement physical-mechanical activity determination are too time-consuming, which does not enable timely correction of their properties directly in the course of production process. Others are connected with insufficient definitiveness of cement behavior with water depending on the value of its phase-forming minerals condition regulated parameters in their totality. We introduced the term “hydroactivity of Portland cement” for quantitative characterization of its part capable under certain conditions to transfer to liquid phase after cement mixing with water. An instant control method for produced Portland cement was developed based on direct connection between its hydroactivity and binding properties. Terms were substantiated for binder material hydroactivity determination under which the obtained results characterize more exactly the initial condition of material under analysis. A stage-wise description is given of application of the proposed shortcut method of hydroactivity determination for Portland cement clinkers, various classes of Portland cement and certain model systems. The proposed control method for properties of Portland cement clinker and Portland cement enables production of cement with assured activity under optimal relation between production expenses and obtained product quality.
The formation of residential complexes in the structure of Ukrainian largest cities
Authors: Ladigina I V , Dubina N G , Bizhko E V 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Previous decades saw a new type of housing format emerge in Ukraine – namely, residential complexes (RC). Following ongoing integration with European Union, Ukraine becomes included in a global stage of urbanization process, therefore accepting all positive and negative consequences of this stage. From the point of structure and planning, it means the formation of largest global world cities with their peculiar organization, and the appearance of multifunctional complexes, which constitute a specific structure of «city within a city» and subsequently form megalopolis, an urban system of highest hierarchy, from its base.
Integrated management systems as a basis for sustainable development
Authors: Hunchenko Okcana 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The issue of the urgency of the development and implementation of an integrated type of systems into management systems that combine mechanisms of safety management and hygiene of production processes and environmental safety were considered. Considering the purposes of sustainable development that form the priority directions of development of society, economy, industry and nature management, five main blocks that are responsible for the development of such areas as “SOCIETY”, “HEALTH”, “FINANCE”, “LABOR PROTECTION”, “ECOLOGY” are identified. All of these directions are cemented and have an extensive spectrum for cooperation and development, thanks for their combination, based on the security aspect. Therefore, among the sustainable development purposes there is one more parameter that influences the achievement of the set purposes, the factor “SAFETY” that integrates all the previously defined directions. An effective security strategy today is a risk-oriented approach based on risk assessment and selected strategies for influencing them. The using of integrated systems of enterprise management that combine the impact on the safety and hygiene of production processes and environmental safety of production, especially in industries with remote environmental impacts and significant health consequences for employees engaged in these industries allows to consider the issues of assessing existing and predicting the emergence of new risks more weighed, more reasonably and with less amount of resources.
Effect of technological parameters on clarification low-concentration suspension by dissolved air flotation
Authors: Epoyan S , Syrovatsky O , Haiduchok O , Titov A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this work, the technological parameters that can significantly effect on a quality of clarification low-concentration suspension by dissolved air flotation were considered. These parameters are: particle size, air bubble size, water rise velocity and air concentration in water. The size of solid particles influences on the probability of their collision with bubbles. The water rises velocity change time of contact between solid particles and bubbles in the working area, which also effects on the probability. Increasing the air concentration in a tank improves the quality of water clarification, because more bubbles are formed there. These factors will be taken into account in further studies to find the optimal dimensions of flotation tank for better cleaning low-concentration suspension.
The effect of impurity niobium on diffusion of self-interstitial atom and self-diffusion by interstitial mechanism in zirconium: an atomistic simulation
Authors: Tikhonchev Mikhail 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The effect of niobium on diffusion of self-interstitial atom and self-diffusion by interstitial mechanism has been simulated by the molecular dynamics method in zirconium at a temperature up to 1000 K. It has been shown that even a small amount of niobium impurity in the HCP Zr matrix entails significant qualitative and quantitative changes in the diffusion coefficient of a self-interstitial atom and self-diffusion by the interstitial mechanism.
Preparation and characterization of acrylic resin encapsulated n-dodecanol microcapsule phase change material
Authors: Jiang Ruijie , Xu Lingling , Wu Nan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Nontoxic, low-cost microcapsule phase change materials (MicroPCMs) were successfully manufactured via suspension polymerization, in which n-dodecanol was employed as the core material and crosslinked polymethyl methacrylate as the wall material. Alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (OP-10), polysorbate-20 (Tween-20), sodium salt of styrene-maleic anhydride polymer (SMA), sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS), and hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (1631) were employed as emulsifiers to investigate the effects of the type and amount of emulsifier on MicroPCMs. In addition, the effects of different types of crosslinking agents on the fabrication of MicroPCMs were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the micro-morphology of MicroPCMs. The chemical structure of the MicroPCMs was detected via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The thermal properties and thermal stability of the MicroPCMs were analyzed using a differential scanning calorimeter and a thermal gravimetric analyzer, respectively. Particle size distributions of the MicroPCMs were measured using a particle size analyzer. The results demonstrate that MicroPCMs with regular morphology were prepared when the mass ratio of the SMA to the oil phase was 3%, and the latent heat and yield of the MicroPCMs were 80.29 J g−1 and 84%, respectively. Furthermore, the MicroPCMs were successfully synthesized using pentaerythritol triacrylate containing the hydroxyl group as the crosslinking agent with an average particle size of 14.18 μm and excellent thermal stability.
Facile synthesis of redox-responsive paclitaxel drug release platform using metal-organic frameworks (ZIF-8) for gastric cancer treatment
Authors: Ma Aiqing , Zhang Rui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper investigated the dual-role of cystamine as a surface modification linker and stimuli-responsive material, and simplify redox-responsive drug delivery system synthesis. ZIF-8 is used as the drug delivery vehicle (due to its exceptional biocompatibility), cystamine is used as the linker and redox-sensitive material, and paclitaxel (PTX) is selected as the anti-tumor drug. Redox-responsive paclitaxel drug delivery platform based on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) was synthesized by using ZIF-8 as the drug delivery vehicle, and cystamine as the linker and redox-sensitive material. The morphology of ZIF-8 was determined by the Transmitting Electron Microscope (TEM), and the crystal structure was determined by x-ray diffraction (XRD). The surface modification of ZIF-8 was studied by the Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) study indicated that surface modification has little impact on the specific surface area and pore size distribution of ZIF-8. The drug release of ZIF-8/cystamine/paclitaxel was studied under different pH and glutathione concentrations. The cytotoxicity was investigated with human gastric cancer cells. Higher glutathione (GSH) concentration and lower pH were favorable to the release of paclitaxel from ZIF-8/cystamine/paclitaxel, and the drug release platform provided a higher tumor-killing effect than free paclitaxel solution.
Development of a computational phantom for validation of automated noise measurement in CT images
Authors: Anam Choirul , Sutanto Heri , Adi Kusworo , Budi Wahyu Setia , Muhlisin Zaenul , Haryanto Freddy , Matsubara Kosuke , Fujibuchi Toshioh , Dougherty Geoff 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a computational phantom for validation of automatic noise calculations applied to all parts of the body, to investigate kernel size in determining noise, and to validate the accuracy of automatic noise calculation for several noise levels. The phantom consisted of objects with a very wide range of HU values, from −1000 to +950. The incremental value for each object was 10 HU. Each object had a size of 15 × 15 pixels separated by a distance of 5 pixels. There was no dominant homogeneous part in the phantom. The image of the phantom was then degraded to mimic the real image quality of CT by convolving it with a point spread function (PSF) and by addition of Gaussian noise. The magnitude of the Gaussian noises was varied (5, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 HUs), and they were considered as the ground truth noise (NG). We also used a computational phantom with added actual noise from a CT scanner. The phantom was used to validate the automated noise measurement based on the average of the ten smallest standard deviations (SD) from the standard deviation map (SDM). Kernel sizes from 3 × 3 up to 27 × 27 pixels were examined in this study. A computational phantom for automated noise calculations validation has been successfully developed. It was found that the measured noise (NM) was influenced by the kernel size. For kernels of 15 × 15 pixels or smaller, the NM value was much smaller than the NG. For kernel sizes from 17 × 17 to 21 × 21 pixels, the NM value was about 90% of NG. And for kernel sizes of 23 × 23 pixels and above, NM is greater than NG. It was also found that even with small kernel sizes the relationship between NM and NG is linear with R2 more than 0.995. Thus accurate noise levels can be automatically obtained even with small kernel sizes without any concern regarding the inhomogeneity of the object.
History’s Future in the Age of the Internet
Authors: Story Daniel J. , Guldi Jo , Hitchcock Tim , Moravec Michelle 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Ian Milligan’s History in the Age of Abundance? How the Web Is Transforming Historical Research (2019) presents and interrogates the challenges and opportunities that born-digital materials have for historians. Milligan argues that historians who wish to grapple with the archived internet need to think much more aggressively about engaging with digital methods and tools that can complement and extend the well-honed practices of close reading with approaches that can help analyze the vast and often unstructured archives of internet data. In this AHR Review Roundtable, three historians—Jo Guldi, Tim Hitchcock, and Michelle Moravec, all of whom incorporate digital approaches and concerns into their work—engage with a set of questions developed by Digital Scholarship Librarian Daniel J. Story, to discuss Milligan’s treatment of the digital archive of the web and its implications for historians’ work. Milligan offers a response to these insights and critiques, emphasizing the need for the historical discipline to change from within and build upon its valuable qualities.
Getting Personal with Our Sources: A Response
Authors: Maza Sarah 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In a complement to the 2020 AHR Roundtable “Chronological Age: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis” (125, no. 2), this AHR Exchange focuses on the history of children and childhood. Sarah Maza presents a critical review essay, highlighting the limiting factors in the expanding field of childhood studies. Children, she observes, produce few sources of their own voices, have limited agency, and as individuals and as a group soon outgrow their subaltern status—they grow up. Robin P. Chapdelaine, Nara Milanich, Steven Mintz, Ishita Pande, and Bengt Sandin—historians representing diverse geographical, theoretical, and methodological perspectives on the history of children and childhood—react to Maza’s observations by bringing up important methodological questions about subjecthood, agency, and modernity. Maza’s rejoinder reflects on these questions and on the possibility of age-based historical agency.
Stress-Induced Blood Pressure Elevation Self-Measured by a Wearable Watch-Type Device
Authors: Tomitani Naoko , Kanegae Hiroshi , Suzuki Yuka , Kuwabara Mitsuo , Kario Kazuomi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPsychological stress contributes to blood pressure (BP) variability, which is a significant and independent risk factor for cardiovascular events. We compared the effectiveness of a recently developed wearable watch-type BP monitoring (WBPM) device and an ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) device for detecting ambulatory stress-induced BP elevation in 50 outpatients with 1 or more cardiovascular risk factors.METHODSThe WBPM and ABPM were both worn on the subject’s nondominant arm. ABPM was measured automatically at 30-minute intervals, and each ABPM measurement was followed by a self-measured WBPM measurement. We also collected self-reported information about situational conditions, including the emotional state of subjects at the time of each BP measurement. We analyzed 642 paired BP readings for which the self-reported emotional state in the corresponding diary entry was happy, calm, anxious, or tense.RESULTSIn a mixed-effect analysis, there were significant differences between the BP values measured during negative (anxious, tense) and positive (happy, calm) emotions in both the WBPM (systolic BP [SBP]: 9.3 ± 2.1 mm Hg, P &lt; 0.001; diastolic BP [DBP]: 8.4 ± 1.4 mm Hg, P &lt; 0.001) and ABPM (SBP: 10.7 ± 2.1 mm Hg, P &lt; 0.001; DBP: 5.6 ± 1.4 mm Hg, P &lt; 0.001). The absolute BP levels induced by emotional stress self-measured by the WBPM were similar to those automeasured by the ABPM (SBP, WBPM: 141.1 ± 2.7 mm Hg; ABPM: 140.3 ± 2.7 mm Hg; P = 0.724). The subject’s location at the BP measurement was also significantly associated with BP elevation.CONCLUSIONSThe self-measurement by the WBPM could detect BP variability induced by multiple factors, including emotional stress, under ambulatory conditions as accurately as ABPM.
“A New Enterprise in Our History”: William Still, Conductor ofThe Underground Rail Road(1872)
Authors: Black Alex W 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article presents the formal and material innovations of The Underground Rail Road (1872) and its author and publisher, William Still. Before the Civil War, Still chaired the Philadelphia Vigilance Committee, which assisted hundreds of fugitives from slavery in making their way to freedom. After the Civil War, Still wrote a book based on his records of their stories. The discrimination Black writers and readers experienced from the publishing business convinced Still to start his own. Still’s publishing business, like the movement his book documented, was the work of a collective. He called on family members, allies in reform, and friends in Black periodical publishing to produce and distribute the book. Still promoted the book and the business as an extension of the liberation movement. The labors of the fugitives he had helped, and of the booksellers he employed, would stimulate the economic progress, and protect the political and social gains, for which African Americans were striving.Still, a race man and a businessman, proposed a solution to the inequitable production and distribution of Black books. “The time has come,” he declared, “for colored men to be writing books & selling them too.”
Adverse events associated with potential drugs for COVID-19: a case study from real-world data
Authors: Jing Ying , Diao Lixia , Han Leng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted as a global pandemic. The World Health Organization announced the most promising drugs in SOLIDARITY for the global trial, and several other drugs are under investigation through ongoing clinical trials to prove the effectiveness and safety of potential therapeutics. Here, we depicted the safety profile of these drugs and investigated their associated adverse events (AEs). We observed the associated AEs in different organs/systems, especially in skin and subcutaneous tissue, immune system and musculoskeletal and connective tissue. Furthermore, we observed strong bias of AEs in different groups of sex and age. Our study provides knowledge of the toxicity of potential COVID-19 drugs. While these drugs hold promise to fight the global pandemic, healthcare providers should pay attention to AEs to maximize the treatment benefit while minimizing toxicity.
Connectivity-Related Roles of Contralesional Brain Regions for Motor Performance Early after Stroke
Authors: Hensel Lukas , Tscherpel Caroline , Freytag Jana , Ritter Stella , Rehme Anne K , Volz Lukas J , Eickhoff Simon B , Fink Gereon R , Grefkes Christian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHemiparesis after stroke is associated with increased neural activity not only in the lesioned but also in the contralesional hemisphere. While most studies have focused on the role of contralesional primary motor cortex (M1) activity for motor performance, data on other areas within the unaffected hemisphere are scarce, especially early after stroke. We here combined functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to elucidate the contribution of contralesional M1, dorsal premotor cortex (dPMC), and anterior intraparietal sulcus (aIPS) for the stroke-affected hand within the first 10 days after stroke. We used “online” TMS to interfere with neural activity at subject-specific fMRI coordinates while recording 3D movement kinematics. Interfering with aIPS activity improved tapping performance in patients, but not healthy controls, suggesting a maladaptive role of this region early poststroke. Analyzing effective connectivity parameters using a Lasso prediction model revealed that behavioral TMS effects were predicted by the coupling of the stimulated aIPS with dPMC and ipsilesional M1. In conclusion, we found a strong link between patterns of frontoparietal connectivity and TMS effects, indicating a detrimental influence of the contralesional aIPS on motor performance early after stroke.
Low Risk of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Among Patients Exposed to Infected Healthcare Workers
Authors: Baker Meghan A , Fiumara Karen , Rhee Chanu , Williams Sarah A , Tucker Robert , Wickner Paige , Resnick Andrew , Klompas Michael 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Many patients are fearful of acquiring coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in hospitals and clinics. We characterized the risk of COVID-19 among 226 patients exposed to healthcare workers with confirmed COVID-19. One patient may have been infected, suggesting that the risk of COVID-19 transmission from healthcare workers to patients is generally low.