bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C, ‐DRB1 and ‐DQB1 alleles at amino acid level in individuals with schizophrenia: A study from South India
Authors: Seshasubramanian Vani , Raghavan Vijaya , SathishKannan Aruna Devi , Naganathan Chandramouleeswaran , Ramachandran Aparna , Arasu Priya , Rajendren Preeti , John Sujit , Mowry Brian , Rangaswamy Thara , Narayan Saranya , Periathiruvadi Srinivasan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundSchizophrenia, a chronic severe psychiatric illness of unknown aetiology, has been shown to be associated with HLA alleles but at varied degree in different population. The present study has focussed on analysing the frequency of HLA class I and class II alleles in persons with schizophrenia from South India.MethodsNinety seven individuals with schizophrenia and 103 age‐ and gender‐matched controls were typed for HLA‐ A, B, C, DRB1 and DQB1 loci by next‐generation sequencing in Illumina MiniSeq using MIA FORA NGS FLEX HLA typing kit.ResultsThe results showed that HLA‐A*01:01:01, B*37:01:01 and C*01:02:01 were positively associated with schizophrenia while HLA‐B*35:03:01 and DRB1*04:03:01 were negatively associated. Gender‐specific associations revealed that DRB1*10:01:01 and DQB1*05:01:01 were positively associated while DQB1*03:02:01 was negatively associated with female subjects with schizophrenia. A*24:02:01~B*37:01:01~C*06:02:01~DRB1*10:01:01~DQB1*05:01:01 is the predominant haplotype in schizophrenia population when compared to healthy controls. Amino acid association in susceptible and protective alleles has shown that the presence of peptide in the peptide‐binding groves of mature HLA‐A protein (K, M, V, R and V at 44th, 67th, 150th, 156th and 158th position), HLA‐B protein (D and S at 77th and 99th position) and HLA‐C protein (M at 99th position) confer susceptibility to the disease, only in the absence of E (Glutamic acid) at 74th position in mature HLA‐DRB1 protein. Interaction of amino acids in protective alleles namely B*35:01:01 and DRB1*04:03:01 has revealed that aspartic acid at 114th (D) position in mature HLA‐B protein and glutamic acid (E) at 74th position of mature HLA‐DRB1 protein have a combined effect in protecting against the disease.ConclusionThe study has revealed the HLA association with schizophrenia in south Indian population. The amino acid interaction with the disease needs to be confirmed in a larger population.
Gene regulation network analysis reveals core genes associated with survival in glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Jiang Lan , Zhong Min , Chen Tianbing , Zhu Xiaolong , Yang Hui , Lv Kun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a very serious mortality of central nervous system cancer. The microarray data from GSE2223, GSE4058, GSE4290, GSE13276, GSE68848 and GSE70231 (389 GBM tumour and 67 normal tissues) and the RNA‐seq data from TCGA‐GBM dataset (169 GBM and five normal samples) were chosen to find differentially expressed genes (DEGs). RRA (Robust rank aggregation) method was used to integrate seven datasets and calculate 133 DEGs (82 up‐regulated and 51 down‐regulated genes). Subsequently, through the PPI (protein‐protein interaction) network and MCODE/ cytoHubba methods, we finally filtered out ten hub genes, including FOXM1, CDK4, TOP2A, RRM2, MYBL2, MCM2, CDC20, CCNB2, MYC and EZH2, from the whole network. Functional enrichment analyses of DEGs were conducted to show that these hub genes were enriched in various cancer‐related functions and pathways significantly. We also selected CCNB2, CDC20 and MYBL2 as core biomarkers, and further validated them in CGGA, HPA and CCLE database, suggesting that these three core hub genes may be involved in the origin of GBM. All these potential biomarkers for GBM might be helpful for illustrating the important role of molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis in the diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy of GBM cancer.
Abundance of Coffee berry borer in feral, abandoned and managed coffee on Hawaii Island
Authors: Johnson Melissa A. , Manoukis Nicholas C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCoffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari), the most damaging insect pest of coffee worldwide, was first detected on Hawaii Island in 2010. Poorly managed, abandoned and feral coffee sites on the island have since been thought to harbour coffee berry borer (CBB) populations, which then negatively impact neighbouring coffee farms. In the present study, we sought to quantify CBB abundance in these sites, which vary in management intensity and vegetation structure and diversity. We collected data on trap catch as a measure of CBB flight activity, fruit production and fruit infestation by CBB in eight well‐managed farms and sites that were either poorly managed, abandoned or feral (wild) coffee. Sites were sampled bi‐weekly over a period of 2 years from 2016 to 2017. We found that CBB flight activity was significantly higher in poorly managed sites relative to abandoned and feral sites, but was not significantly different from well‐managed sites. Coffee production in well‐managed farms was significantly higher than in abandoned and feral sites, but was not significantly different from poorly managed farms. CBB infestation in poorly managed sites was significantly higher than that observed in well‐managed, abandoned and feral sites. We estimated an average load of 11–25 CBB per branch at poorly managed sites, compared to 3–9 per branch at well‐managed sites, 1–16 per branch at abandoned sites and 1–3 per branch at feral sites. Our findings suggest that poorly managed sites should be prioritized for implementation of CBB control measures as part of a landscape‐level integrated pest management (IPM) programme.
Do typefaces of packaging labels influence consumers' perception of specialty coffee? A preliminary study
Authors: de Sousa Maísa M. M. , Carvalho Fabiana M. , Pereira Rosemary G. F. A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe multisensory attributes of packaging provide an important source of information on attracting consumers' attention. They also help priming sensory and hedonic expectations, which may affect the judgment of products. The present study aimed at investigating whether the typeface of packaging labels would influence the sensory and hedonic judgments of specialty coffee by amateur consumers. Specialty coffee amateur consumers (n = 146) evaluated their expectations of coffee acidity and sweetness by looking at package labels with different typefaces, varying solely on the roundness or angularity. Subsequently, they rated their experiences of the same attributes when tasting a cup of coffee, in addition to judging their liking and purchase intent. The results revealed that the angular typeface increased expectation and actual perception of the coffee acidity as well as purchase intent ratings. However, contrary to the frequently suggested correspondence between sweetness and roundness, no association was found between the round typeface and sweet taste ratings.Practical applicationsThis study contributes to the literature of taste/shape crossmodal correspondence by showing that the consumers' sensory and hedonic evaluations of specialty coffee are influenced by the angularity versus roundness of the typeface on the packaging label. These findings emphasize the potential importance of the visual elements of packaging labels on consumers' perception of food/drink. These results are relevant to packaging design since different coffee profiles could be matched with different label typefaces in order to potentially enhance the consumers' coffee drinking experience.
Tetrandrine: a review of its anticancer potentials, clinical settings, pharmacokinetics and drug delivery systems
Authors: Luan Fei , He Xirui , Zeng Nan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Tetrandrine, a natural bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid, possesses promising anticancer activities on diverse tumours. This review provides systematically organized information on cancers of tetrandrine in vivo and in vitro, discuss the related molecular mechanisms and put forward some new insights for the future investigations.

Key findings
Anticancer activities of tetrandrine have been reported comprehensively, including lung cancer, colon cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, cervical cancer and liver cancer. The potential molecular mechanisms corresponding to the anticancer activities of tetrandrine might be related to induce cancer cell apoptosis, autophagy and cell cycle arrest, inhibit cell proliferation, migration and invasion, ameliorate metastasis and suppress tumour cell growth. Pharmaceutical applications of tetrandrine combined with nanoparticle delivery system including liposomes, microspheres and nanoparticles with better therapeutic efficiency have been designed and applied encapsulate tetrandrine to enhance its stability and efficacy in cancer treatment.

Summary
Tetrandrine was proven to have definite antitumour activities. However, the safety, bioavailability and pharmacokinetic parameter studies on tetrandrine are very limited in animal models, especially in clinical settings. Our present review on anticancer potentials of tetrandrine would be necessary and highly beneficial for providing guidelines and directions for further research of tetrandrine.
Implication of nuclear factor‐erythroid 2‐like 2/heme oxygenase 1 pathway in the protective effects of coenzyme Q10 against preeclampsia‐like in a rat model
Authors: Li Lei , Li Hongyan , Zhou Qian , Lu Yuan , Chen Pengzheng , Wang Xietong , Zhao Heyong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPreeclampsia has ranked as one of the leading causes of both maternal and prenatal morbidity and mortality around the world. The hypotensive effect of coenzyme Q10 has been widely reported in preeclampsia rat model. However, the detailed mechanism remains unclear.MethodsL‐NAME was utilized to establish the preeclampsia rat model. Biomarker assessments were performed to identify the levels of vascular factors including soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase (sFlt‐1) and placental growth factor (PlGF), the circulating cytokines including interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β, and oxidative stress factors including malondialdehyde, H2O2, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and Catalase. QRT‐PCR was used to demonstrate the levels of cytokines in placenta tissues, and Western blot was performed to estimate the nuclear factor‐erythroid 2‐like 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO‐1) protein levels.ResultsCoenzyme Q10 treatment decreased the blood pressure in rat model with preeclampsia by regulating the circulating levels of sFlt‐1 and PlGF. Coenzyme Q10 attenuated serum and placental inflammation and oxidative stress in L‐NAME‐induced preeclampsia rats. Coenzyme Q10 activated the placental Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway in L‐NAME‐induced preeclampsia rats.ConclusionCoenzyme Q10 attenuated placental inflammatory and oxidative stress, thereby protecting the rats against preeclampsia by activating the Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway.
Combatting the evolution of antifungal resistance in Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Bermas Arianne , Geddes‐McAlister Jennifer 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFungal infections are a global concern and the evolution of intrinsic resistance to current antifungals presents an alarming problem. For Cryptococcus neoformans, a human fungal pathogen of primarily immunocompromised individuals, resistance toward treatment strategies demands alternative approaches. Given the prevalence of virulence factor production during cryptococcal infection, an emerging and important field of research encompasses the development of novel antivirulence therapies proposed to improve host immune responses and promote fungal clearance. To accomplish this task, information regarding the presence and role of virulence factors, the mechanisms of action within the host, and the ability to influence fungal susceptibility to antifungals is pertinent. Research into mechanisms of antifungal resistance for C. neoformans is limited but extrapolation from successful studies in other fungal species can improve our understanding of mechanisms employed by C. neoformans and suggest targeted strategies to enhance our ability to combat the pathogen. In this Review, we highlight antifungal therapy options against Cryptococcus, explore current knowledge of underlying mechanisms promoting resistance, and present new opportunities for novel and effective strategies to overcome fungal infections and reduce, or possibly even reverse, the effects of resistance evolution.
Pattern of climate connectivity and equivalent niche of Triatominae species of the Phyllosoma complex
Authors: Moo‐Llanes D. A. , Montes de Oca‐Aguilar A. C. , Rodríguez‐Rojas J. J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Phyllosoma complex is a Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) group of medical importance involved in Trypanosoma cruzi (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) transmission. Most of the members of this group are endemic and sympatric species with distribution in Mexico and the southern U.S.A. We employed MaxEnt to construct ecological niche models of nine species of Triatominae to test three hypothesis: (a) whether species with a broad climatic niche breadth occupy a broader geographical range than species with a narrow climatic breadth, (b) whether species with broad distribution present high degree of climatic fragmentation/isolation, which was tested through landscape metrics; and (c) whether the species share the same climatic niche space (niche conservatism) considered through an equivalence test implemented in ENMtools. Overall, our results suggest that the geographical distribution of this complex is influenced mainly by temperature seasonality where all suitable areas are places of current and potential transmission of T. cruzi. Niche breadth in the Phyllosoma complex is associated with the geographical distribution range, and the geographical range affects the climatic connectivity. We found no strong evidence of niche climatic divergence in members of this complex. We discuss the epidemiological implications of these results.
Evolutionary network genomics of wood formation in a phylogenetic survey of angiosperm forest trees
Authors: Zinkgraf Matthew , Zhao Shu‐Tang , Canning Courtney , Gerttula Suzanne , Lu Meng‐Zhu , Filkov Vladimir , Groover Andrew 
Published: July 2020

Summary

Wood formation was present in early angiosperms, but has been highly modified through evolution to generate the anatomical diversity seen in extant angiosperm lineages. In this project, we modeled changes in gene coexpression relationships associated with the evolution of wood formation in a phylogenetic survey of 13 angiosperm tree species.

Gravitropic stimulation was used as an experimental treatment to alter wood formation and also perturb gene expression. Gene transcript abundances were determined using RNA sequencing of developing wood tissues from upright trees, and from the top (tension wood) and bottom (opposite wood) tissues of gravistimulated trees.

A network‐based approach was employed to align gene coexpression networks across species based on orthologous relationships. A large‐scale, multilayer network was modeled that identified both lineage‐specific gene coexpression modules and modules conserved across multiple species. Functional annotation and analysis of modules identified specific regulatory processes associated with conserved modules, including regulation of hormones, protein phosphorylation, meristem development and epigenetic processes.

Our results provide novel insights into the evolution and development of wood formation, and demonstrate the ability to identify biological processes and genes important for the evolution of a foundational trait in nonmodel, undomesticated forest trees.
Leveraging computational genomics to understand the molecular basis of metal homeostasis
Authors: Grosjean Nicolas , Blaby‐Haas Crysten E. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryGenome‐based data is helping to reveal the diverse strategies plants and algae use to maintain metal homeostasis. In addition to acquisition, distribution and storage of metals, acclimating to feast or famine can involve a wealth of genes that we are just now starting to understand. The fast‐paced acquisition of genome‐based data, however, is far outpacing our ability to experimentally characterize protein function. Computational genomic approaches are needed to fill the gap between what is known and unknown. To avoid misconstruing bioinformatically derived data, which is the root cause of the inaccurate functional annotations that plague databases, functional inferences from diverse sources and contextualization of that evidence with a robust understanding of protein family evolution is needed. Phylogenomic‐ and comparative‐genomic‐based studies can aid in the interpretation of experimental data or provide a spark for the discovery of a new function. These analyses not only lead to novel insight into a target protein’s function but can generate thought‐provoking insights across protein families.
When is refraction stable following routine cataract surgery? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Charlesworth Emily , Alderson Alison J , de Juan Victoria , Elliott David B 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeWe systematically reviewed the literature to investigate when refraction is stable following routine cataract surgery implanting monofocal intraocular lenses. Current advice recommends obtaining new spectacles 4–6 weeks following surgery. Due to advancements in surgical techniques, we hypothesised that refractive stability would be achieved earlier, which could have major short‐term improvements in quality of life for patients.MethodsMedline, CINAHL, AMED, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library were searched with key words chosen to find articles, which assessed refraction following uncomplicated cataract surgery. Citation chains and the reference lists of all included papers were searched. Unpublished literature was identified using OpenGrey (www.opengrey.eu). The review considered studies that measured refraction at regular intervals following surgery until stability was achieved.ResultsThe search identified 6,680 papers. Two reviewers independently screened the abstracts and nine papers were found to fit the criteria, of which five were included in the meta‐analysis. The quality of the papers was evaluated using the Methodological Index for Non‐Randomised Studies (MINORS) instrument. Meta‐analysis of 301 patients’ data of spherical, cylindrical and spherical equivalent correction were performed using Review Manager 5 (RevMan 5.3) (https://revman.cochrane.org/). Refraction at 1‐week versus the gold standard of 4‐weeks showed no significant difference for sphere data (effect size and 95% confidence interval of; ES = 0.00, 95% CI: −0.17, 0.17; p = 1.00), cylindrical data (ES = +0.06; 95% CI: −0.05, 0.17; p = 0.31), and spherical equivalent (ES = −0.01; 95% CI: −0.12, 0.10; p = 0.90). Heterogeneity was non‐significant (I2 < 25%) for all refractive elements. Data were similar for 2‐ versus 4‐weeks post‐surgery. Acquired data from one study highlighted a small number of patients with very unstable cylindrical corrections at 1‐week post‐operatively.ConclusionsNo statistical difference was found when comparing sphere, cylindrical and spherical equivalent values at 1‐ and 4‐weeks post cataract surgery. This suggests that new glasses could be provided 1‐week after surgery. However, from a clinical perspective, a small number of patients (~7%) from an acquired dataset (N = 72) showed very unstable cylindrical corrections at 1‐week. Further work is needed to determine why this is the case and how these patients can be detected.
“Doll #135 with vitiligo”: Are alopecia and vitiligo Barbie worth the hype?
Authors: Shah Syed Fazal Hussein 
Published: July 2020

AbstractToy manufacturer Mattel released a new line of diverse Barbie dolls earlier this year, including dolls with alopecia and vitiligo. The new dolls have been widely celebrated, with both media and dermatologists proposing that the dolls could provide significant benefits for the low self‐esteem and societal exclusion suffered by children with similar dermatoses. However, the reality may be very different. Here, we present existing research on the impact of diverse dolls on children’s play and psychology to argue that the dolls’ proposed benefits for children with alopecia and vitiligo are unlikely to materialize; rather, alopecia and vitiligo Barbie could prove more harmful than beneficial.
Limits of Abductivism About Logic
Authors: Hlobil Ulf 
Published: July 2020

AbstractI argue against abductivism about logic, which is the view that rational theory choice in logic happens by abduction. Abduction cannot serve as a neutral arbiter in many foundational disputes in logic because, in order to use abduction, one must first identify the relevant data. Which data one deems relevant depends on what I call one's conception of logic. One's conception of logic is, however, not independent of one's views regarding many of the foundational disputes that one may hope to solve by abduction.
Are superantigens the cause of cytokine storm and viral sepsis in severe COVID‐19? Observations and hypothesis
Authors: Scaglioni Valeria , Soriano Enrique R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRight now the world is going through an unprecedented pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus. Recent papers pointed out the fatal outcome in most of the severe cases, in which a cytokine storm has been proven to be the cause of a systemic shock, acute respiratory syndrome, multiorgan failure and consequently death. Several explanations have been proposed trying to explain the pathophysiology of the cytokine storm, but viral proteins with a possible superantigen activity as a cause of immune dysregulation have not been addressed. If this hypothesis is proven, a different treatment approach might change the outcome in severe cases.
Gastrointestinal thickness, duration, and leak pressure of six intestinal anastomoses in dogs
Authors: Mullen Kaitlyn M. , Regier Penny J. , Waln Monica , Fox‐Alvarez W. Alexander , Colee James 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo compare leak pressures and construct completion time of six intestinal anastomoses and report normal canine gastrointestinal thickness.Study designExperimental study.AnimalsGrossly normal jejunal segments (n = 140) from 10 fresh canine cadavers.MethodsGastrointestinal thickness was recorded. Eight‐centimeter cooled canine cadaveric jejunal segments were randomly assigned to a control group (20 segments) and six treatment groups (20 segments/group [10 constructs/group]): (1) handsewn anastomosis (HSA), (2) functional end‐to‐end stapled anastomosis (FEESA)‐blue thoracoabdominal (TA; FEESA‐TAB), (3) FEESA‐green TA (FEESA‐TAG), (4) FEESA TA‐gastrointestinal anastomosis (GIA), (5) FEESA with suture oversew (FEESA‐O), and (6) skin staples (SS). Construct assembly time, initial leak pressure (ILP), maximum intraluminal pressure (MIP), and leakage location were compared.ResultsInitial leak pressures (mean ± SD) for control (308.38 ± 115.91 mm Hg), HSA (41.96 ± 15.97), FEESA‐TAB (31.71 ± 15.71), FEESA‐TAG (27.24 ± 14.11), FEESA‐GIA (25.62 ± 11.22), FEESA‐O (31.01 ± 17.38), and SS (44.42 ± 28.88) groups were compared. No difference in ILP (P > .24) or MIP (P > .17) was detected between treatment groups. Sutured anastomoses took up to 10 times longer to complete (P= .0025). The stomach, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum mural thicknesses (mean ± SD) were 3.99 ± 0.44 mm, 2.34 ± 0.16, 2.49 ± 0.28, and 2.30 ± 0.31, respectively.ConclusionThe ILP of all anastomoses exceeded maximum intraluminal peristaltic pressures. Stapled anastomoses were faster to complete.Clinical significanceAll anastomoses may be considered when performing an intestinal resection and anastomosis, with stapled anastomoses resulting in a shorter surgical time. Canine intestinal thickness may warrant use of a larger staple size.