bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Fluoride Content of Drinking Water in Dharan
Authors: Koirala Bandana , Niraula Surya Raj , Ghimire Anup 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Fluoride when present in drinking water at optimal level has been shown to promote oral health by preventing tooth decay. Dental caries represents a health problem that impacts on the medical, functional, nutritional and psychological status of patients in all the age groups. Fluoridation of public water supply is a safe, economical and effective measure to prevent dental caries.
Objective: To estimate the level of fluoride present in drinking water supplies in all the wards of Dharan and to compare the fluoride concentration of its different water supply sources.
Methods: One hundred water samples were collected from the various sources (ground water and surface water) and its different reservoirs along with random samples of 2-7 from all the wards of Dharan. The samples were then taken to the SEAM-N-MMA laboratory, Biratnagar to be tested for fluoride using the photometric method. Microsoft excel for data entry and SPSS 11.5 version for analysis were used. Significance of the variables was examined by Chi-square test.
Results: The results of this study showed that in 96% of the samples taken, fluoride level was below the optimal. Only few samples met the lower range guideline value of Nepal (0.5 mg/l). Also, there was significant difference (p< 0.002) between the surface and consumer level fluoride.
Conclusion: The fluoride content in drinking water supplies of Dharan was found to be below optimal level as per the national and WHO guideline values.
Sequential Foley Catheter and Misoprostol Versus Misoprostol Alone for Induction of Labor in Postdated Pregnancy: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Thapa Baburam Dixit , Manandhar Tara , Sitaula Sarita , Basnet Tulasa 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Induction of labor is done with the aim of normal vaginal delivery. There are different methods; mechanical like intra-cervical Foley’s or pharmacological agents like misoprostol ordinoprostone.
Objectives: To compare sequential use of Foley’s catheter and vaginal misoprostol in comparison with vaginal misoprostol only.
Methods: Patients with period of gestation more than or equal to 41 weeks without any complications were assigned randomly according to computer generated randomization into sequential use ofintracervical Foley followed by vaginal misoprostol after 24 hours (sequential group) or vaginalmisoprostol only. Primary outcome was rate of normal vaginal delivery. Secondary outcomes were induction to delivery interval, maternal and fetal morbidity.
Results: Rate of normal vaginal delivery in sequential group (n= 353) and misoprostol alone group(n= 356) was 71.6% and 53.3% (p < 0.001) but the time to delivery from induction is statistically more in sequential group (30.3 vs. 11.2 hours, p< 0.001). Maternal outcomes like postpartum hemorrhage, hyper-stimulation syndrome, chorioamnitis and neonatal outcomes like low Apgar score, meconium stained baby and stillbirth are similar in both the groups.
Conclusions: The priming of cervix using intracervical Foley catheter before giving vaginalmisoprostol was beneficial in increasing the rate of normal vaginal delivery but it increased the induction to delivery interval.
Slit-beam retro-illumination assisted phacoemulsification for cataract with coexisting corneal opacity
Authors: Kusumesh Rakhi , Sinha Bibhuti Prassan , Ambastha Anita , Bhasker Gyan , Mohan Nilesh 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: We describe a novel surgical technique of slit-beam retro-illumination assisted phacoemulsification for cataract with coexisting corneal opacity.
Cases: We present two cases with cataract and coexisting opacity, who underwent slitbeam retro-illumination assisted phacoemulsification and further application of same process in 12 patients.
Conclusion: This technique is safe and provides excellent visualization during cataract surgery in patients with corneal opacities.
Orbital Myocysticercosis different Presentation and Management in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Hamal Diwa , Kafle Santosh , Kafle Prerna Arjyal , Poudyal Prija , Lamichhane Binaya , Limbu Ben 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Ocular cysticercosis is a preventable cause of blindness. It is caused by parasitic infestation caused by the larval form of Taenia solium. Poor sanitation and improper management of food and meat products are the major causes for cysticercosis infestation.
Case: Two cases of myocysticercosis presented to our hospital differently. A 12 years boy, first case presented with drooping of right eye (RE) upper lid with recurrent swelling, pain, redness with mild headache and intermittent vomiting for 1 and half months. On examination swelling of RE upper lid, mild ptosis, abaxial proptosis with restricted motility in upgaze was noted. Orbital CT (computer tomography) scan and ocular ultrasound reports showed findings suggestive of myocysticercosis of superior rectus muscle of RE. Routine microscopic examination (RME) of stool demonstrated eggs of Taenia. Complete blood count (CBC) showed eosinophilia. As a suspected case of myocysticercosis and since the patient resided at an endemic zone, empirical therapy with albendazole and steroid was started to continue for 4 weeks. After one week the patient presented with features suggestive of RE orbital cellulitis. With proper counseling about medical therapy and cyst excision, the patient recovered well with only mild RE upper lid ptosis of 2mm. The histopathological examination (HPE) of the excised cyst was suggestive of inflammatory cystic lesion. A 55 years male presented as a second case to us with gradually increasing mass in the RE lower lid with a history of pain, difficulty in opening RE and intermittent swelling of RE 2 months back. On examination RE lower lid mass with exotropia of 15 degree, mild hypertropia was noted. CT scan showed presence of cystic mass 3.5x2x1.5cm in the right orbit involving the right inferior rectus muscle, abutting and displacing the globe superolaterally. CBC showed eosinophilia. Post cyst excision patient recovered well with remaining mild restriction in infraduction most probably due to fibrosis. HPE was conclusive of cysticercus cellulosae. Both the patients improved well with no recurrence until last visit 17 months in 12 years boy and 6 months in 55 years male after which he lost to follow.
Conclusion: Myocysticercosis can occur at any age. There is equal importance of clinical, radiological, microbiological and histopathological support for proper diagnosis and management of cysticercosis. Medical therapy along with surgical excision of the cyst with it’s content may be needed in the management of myocysticersosis.
Perinatal Risk Factors for Retinopathy of Prematurity in Preterm and Low Birth Weight Neonates
Authors: Yadav Reena , Gupta Sharad , Shrestha Jyoti Baba , Yadav Raveena , Yadav Tushar Bikram Sipaliya 
Published: July 2020

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is emerging as a leading cause of childhood blindness. The incidence of ROP is likely to increase after improvement in neonatal care unit in premature neonates. This study is conducted to determine the perinatal risk factors for ROP in preterm and low birth weight neonates.
Methods: This is a prospective, descriptive and clinical; hospital based study. A total of 92 preterm neonates with gestational age of 36 weeks or less and birth weight of 2000 grams or less admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) were screened. Detailed antenatal, perinatal and neonatal history; birth asphyxia and subsequent oxygen support records were noted. All the neonates underwent detailed anterior and posterior segment eye examination with indirect binocular ophthalmoscope after pupil dilatation within 4 weeks of life. Retinal vascular changes were classified according to the International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity. The Chi-square test with odds ratio was performed to derive the association between ROP and antenatal, perinatal and neonatal factors. A p-value was considered significant at 0.05.
Result: Out of 92 neonates, 21(22.8%) developed ROP. Twelve neonates (13%) had stage-1 ROP, 6(6.5%) had stage-2 and 3(3.3%) had stage-3 ROP. Birth weight (OR=2.9; p=0.04; 95% CI=1.0-8.3), gestational age (OR=3.9; p=0.01; 95% CI=1.3-11.8) and time span of oxygen exposure (OR=2.9; p=0.05; 95% CI=1.0-8.4) had a strong association with ROP.
Conclusion: The incidence of ROP is significantly high among preterm low birth weight neonates. The risk of developing ROP becomes even greater with lower gestational age and more duration of oxygen exposure.
Major Cereal Crop Production in Kabhrepalanchok
Authors: Giri Mira , Dahal Dhundi Raj 
Published: July 2020

Agriculture is one of the most vulnerable sectors to climate change impact. The main purpose of the study is to find the recent production of major cereal crops as rice, maize, and wheat per unit area in Banepa municipality, as a case study to the local trends and adaptation. The study was conducted among the household of ward No. 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 in the Municipality. Field observation, in-depth interview, focus group discussion, Questionnaire survey methods were adopted for information collection, cross-validation with verification and using a secondary source of the information. Monthly precipitation and monthly minimum and maximum air temperatures data of Dhulikhel station were used to study their annual and seasonal trends.
Time-series annual yield data in rice, maize, and wheat were collected from the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development. Production was also accessed from the local level in a cross-sectional survey. Temperature and precipitation were collected from the Department of Hydrology and Metrology. The Survey indicated that yields have increased for major cereal crops and this led to an increase in the use of chemical fertilizer, chemical pesticides, improved seed, and improved management practices. The impacts of these changes have resulted in an increased attack of white grub in roots and maize smut in cobs, rice blast in panicle and stem, rust and blight disease and grain borer in wheat. The major issues for farmers were found to be a deficit of inorganic fertilizers, an insufficient supply of quality seeds and an unsystematic market. The coping mechanism for climate change in farming was not applied due to a lack of knowledge, facilities, and access to improved technologies. The farmers expected advanced technological know-how along with other facilities for climate-resilient farming.
This study concludes that change in climate is affecting the agriculture in Banepa Municipality of Kabhrepalancchok. The existing local and institutional strategies are not sufficient and sustainable to cope with climatic vagaries. It is very important to address the problems in this region with institutional support and through a long-term policy perspective.
Zapomniany film o Barbarze Radziwiłłównie
Authors: Werner Monika 
Published: July 2020

The article focuses on the first Polish film in which the figure of Bona Sforza appeared, namely Barbara Radziwiłłówna, created by Józef Lejtes, a well-known director, in 1936. Moreover, it discusses the circumstances in which the film was made, and the image of the queen presented therein. Numerous comments which appeared in the press, both contemporary and of a later period, have been recalled.
Alcune osservazioni a seguito di una nuova edizione del Viaggio della Serenissima S. Bona Regina in Polonia di C. Carmignano
Authors: Cabras Francesco 
Published: July 2020

The article is a review to Andrea Colelli (ed.), C. Carmignano: Viaggio della Serenissima S. Bona Regina in Polonia, con nota introduttiva di Luigi Marinelli. Roma, 2018. In discussing the edition, proposals are put forward for what the intertextual dimension of the poem is concerned, drawing attention on the similarities between the first ‘capitulo’ of the poem and Joannes Secundus’ elegy I 8, both texts being denied epithalamia.
Features of permeability anisotropy accounting in the hydrodynamic model
Authors: Yermekov Roman , Merkulov Vitaly , Chernova Oksana , Korovin Mikhail 
Published: July 2020

Important step in the construction of a geological and hydrodynamic model is to set the correct properties of the formations and further adapt the model to the historical development data. Main source of information on the geological properties of reservoirs is well logging data.
Paper describes the application of the method for post-interpretation processing of logging data, with the help of which the lateral anisotropy value of the field site is found. Brief discussion on the algorithm for adapting the hydrodynamic model to the parameters of the formation using one reference well is given. Feature of the logging data application to study the phenomenon of permeability anisotropy is that this type of research is widespread, has sufficient information content, and the geophysical system itself does not require the inclusion of specialized instruments. Based on geophysical study, a volumetric model of the properties for oil and gas bearing formation is constructed, from which the permeability distribution is used, whose gradient allows establishing the directions of improved and deteriorated filtration properties.
As a result, during adaption of the model, it was possible to achieve a difference in reserves between the geological and hydrodynamic models of 2.4 %, which is an acceptable deviation for further calculations. It was found that the direction of improved filtration properties has a northeastern direction at an angle of 35°, and the value of lateral anisotropy is 2.2.
Obtained results of lateral anisotropy, taking into account the data on values of vertical anisotropy, are included in the field model, where it is planned to further study the effect of permeability anisotropy on formation productivity.
SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PENILAIAN KINERJA PEGAWAI PADA PDAM MARTAPURA OKU TIMUR MENGGUNAKAN METODE MOORA
Authors: Putra Anton , Zulfikar Dian Hafidh , Alfresi Aminullah Imal 
Published: July 2020

Selama ini didalam proses pengambilan keputusan penilaian kinerja pegawai di Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) Oku Timur melalui prosedur dan ketentuan yang sudah disediakan oleh perushaan yang harus dipenuhi oleh para pegawai PDAM Oku Timur, akan tetapi perlu dilakukan pengembangan didalam pengambilan keputusan sehingga meminimalisir kesalahan didalam memberikan penilaian kinerja pada pegawai PDAM Oku Timur. Tujuan dari sistem pendukung keputusan ini untuk menentukan kelalayakan penilaian kinerja pegawai pada PDAM Oku Timur menggunakan metode MOORA, Metode MOORA adalah metode yang memiliki perhitungan dengan kalkulasi yang minimum dan sederhana, metode ini memiliki tingkat selektifitas yang baik dalam menentukan suatu alternatif. Metode MOORA dipilih dalam penelitian ini karena cocok untuk mengambil suatu keputusan penilaian kinerja pegawai PDAM Oku Timur berdasarkan kriteria-kriteria yang telah di tetapkan dari perusahaan. Metodelogi yang digunakan yaitu Prototype, yang terdiri dari komunikasi, perencanaan secara cepat, pemodelan perencanaan secara cepat, pembentukan prototype (konstruksi), dan penyerahan sistem atau perangkat lunak ke pelanggan atau pengguna. Sistem Pendukung Keputusan yang dihasilkan dapat memberikan perangkingan terhadap penilaian kinerja pegawai PDAM Oku Timur yang dimana artinya dapat memudahkan didalam pengambilan keputusan untuk menentukan pegawai terbaik disetiap tahunnya.
PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI PENGOLAHAN DATA KEUANGAN BERBASIS WEB RESPONSIVE PADA BUTIK NISA SYAR’I LUBUKLINGGAU
Authors: Hakim Lukman 
Published: July 2020

Butik Nisa Syar’i adalah Sebuah toko yang bergerak dalam bidang penjualan pakaian yang khusus di tujukan kepada para kaum wanita. Sejauh ini semua kegiatan di butik ini dinilai belum maksimal, karena selama ini di Butik Nisa Syar’i sering kesulitan dalam membuat laporan transaksi, dan lambatnya proses pembuatan laporan data keuangan karena dalam mengelola datanya masih manual menggunakan buku, sehingga sering terjadi kesalahan atau kekeliruan dalam membuat laporan transaksi pada akhir bulan, serta susahnya mencari berkas atau bukti keuangan pada butik tersebut. Butik Nisa Syar’i ini membutuhkan suatu sistem untuk mengumpulkan data, mengolah data, menyimpan data, melihat kembali data dan menyalurkan informasi yang baik secara cepat, tepat, dan akurat. Dengan adanya sistem informasi pengolahan data keuangan berbasis web responsive ini yaitu untuk mempercepat proses pembuatan laporan keuangan pada Butik Nisa Syar’i serta untuk meminimalisirkan terjadinya kesalahan pada pembuatan laporan keuangan Butik Nisa Syar’i sehingga laporan tersebut menjadi lebih akurat dan efisien. Kata kunci : Web Responsive, Sistem Informasi Pengolahan Data Keuangan
SOSIALISASI PENDIDIKAN STOP AKSI BULLYING
Authors: Ikhsan Muhammad Zenuri , Prasetya Eska Perdana , . Nuraeni 
Published: July 2020

Mensosialisasikan kepada anak anak di desa ciaruteun udik untuk memberikan pengetahuan yang penting tentang bahayanya aksi bullying yang tengah dihadapi bangsa Indonesia, khususnya di desa desa terpencil. Perilaku bullying di lingkungan sekolah dapat menciptakan suasana lingkungan yang kurang mendukung terhadap perkembangan siswa, baik dalam bidang akademik maupun bidang sosial. Perilaku bullying dapat menyakiti siswa, sehingga mereka merasa tidak diinginkan dan ditolak oleh lingkungannya. Hal ini tentunya akan membawa efek kepada berbagai kegiatan siswa disekolah. Aksi bullying terbagi dalam 3 bentuk perilaku, yakni secara fisik (menjegal, menjambak, menendang, memukul, hingga memegang alat kelamin), verbal (berkata kasar, memaki, berkata kasar, mengolok olok, mengejek, berkata hal hal yang jorok), dan psikologis (membuat seolah olah temannya bersalah dan dirty looks). Pelaku bullying memiliki postur tubuh yang tinggi dari teman temannya, temperamen dan sering bertindak fisik. Maka dari itu saya sebagai penulis membuat judul “sosialisasi stop aksi bullying”. Program sosialisasi ini menggunakan pendekatan dalam bentuk penyuluhan, serta sasarannya ke siswa siswi sdn ciaruteun udik 02.
MOTOCHI50, LA ÚNICA MOTO DISEÑADA EN CHILE: UN EMPRENDIMIENTO PRIVADO EN UNA ECONOMÍA EN CRISIS. 1972-1974
Authors: Vico Sánchez Mauricio Esteban , Jacob Dazarola Ruben , Lepe Muñoz Juan Carlos , Tapia Reyes Mauricio 
Published: July 2020

El presente artículo busca determinar los orígenes del vehículo Motochi50, la única motocicleta diseñada en Chile, identificando su contexto temporal, político-económico y tecnológico, con el objetivo de ponerla en valor. Para ello fueron consultadas fuentes primarias a través de entrevistas en profundidad, análisis de publicaciones, documentos de la época y el método “autopsia del producto”. Además, se recurrió a fuentes secundarias, en especial, a revisión bibliográfica. A partir de estos análisis, pudo establecerse que la Motochi50 fue el resultado del emprendimiento privado de ingenieros chilenos, liderados por Eduardo Alvear, quien diseñó y construyó la motocicleta para atender la demanda de un medio de transporte personal en Chile durante 1972. Se determinó, asimismo, que su modalidad de organización productiva fue de carácter distribuida, aspecto adelantado para su época y que hoy se practica a escala mundial. Para su producción se externalizó la fabricación de piezas, supervisando que estas cumplieran con especificaciones determinadas por el diseño. Las piezas fueron fabricadas por especialistas que contaban con infraestructura y equipamiento necesario, siendo el proceso final de integración supervisado por Solutec Ltda. El modelo de producción utilizado era contrario a la tendencia económico-política que el gobierno socialista imperante pregonaba. De tal forma se desarrollaba una empresa privada en un contexto social, político y económico que se encaminaba hacia una crisis de dimensión nacional y que culminaría con el golpe de Estado del 11 de septiembre de 1973.La producción de Motochi50 concluyó después del golpe de Estado, cuando el nuevo gobierno abrió la economía al comercio exterior y el proyecto no pudo continuar debido a la llegada de motocicletas del extranjero, como las japonesas, con mejor tecnología y con un precio conveniente. La moto se comercializó hasta el año 1975, si bien la fábrica cerró definitivamente en 1977, una fecha aún por confirmar.
HUBUNGAN POLA ASUH ORANG TUA DENGAN KEJADIAN DIARE PADA BALITA DI PUSKESMAS MERGANGSAN KOTA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: NOVITA ORYZA TRI 
Published: July 2020

Salah satu penyebab angka kematian bayi (AKB) di dunia pada bayi adalah disebabkan oleh diare dengan angka kejadian sebesar 15 per 1000 kelahiran. Di Indonesia, sekitar 162 ribu balita meninggal setiap tahun atau sekitar 460 balita setiap harinya akibat diare. Hasil survei kesehatan rumah tangga (SKRT) di Indonesia, diare merupakan penyebab kematian nomor dua pada balita setelah pneumonia dan nomor tiga bagi bayi serta nomor lima bagi semua umur. Pola asuh ibu adalah praktik dirumah tangga yang diwujudkan dengan tersedianya pangan dan perawatan kesehatan serta sumber lainnya untuk kelangsungan hidup, pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak. Diharapkan dengan pola asuh yang baik diare dapat dicegah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan pola asuh orang tua dengan kejadian diare pada balita di Puskesmas Mergangsan Kota Yogyakarta. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian cross sectional. Tekhnik pengambilan sample dengan accidental sampling dengan jumlah sampel 53 ibu balita. Analisa data dengan menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian, pola asuh orang tua balita termasuk dalam kategori baik yaitu 29 orang atau 54.7%. mayoritas balita tidak mengalami diare yaitu 37 orang atau 69.8%, ada hubungan pola asuh orang tua dengan kejadian diare = 8.169 dan p-value 0.004 dengan keeratan hubungan rendah (C) = 0.365. Kesimpulan, ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pola asuh orang tua dengan kejadian diare pada balita.
Morteros, para la impresión 3D con áridos locales de la Zona 3 de Ecuador
Authors: Palacios Carvajal Marco Javier , Paredes Peñaherrera Oscar Efren , Taco Hernández Rosa Pamela 
Published: July 2020

La impresión 3D es un proceso novedoso en la industria de la construcción, en varios países se han realizado estudios de diferentes morteros para su uso en impresoras 3D; sin embargo no existe una estandarización de materiales, equipos y procedimientos que permitan la obtención de un mortero que cumpla con todas las características para ser considerado imprimible; en consecuencia se realizó morteros con 2 tipos de agregados provenientes de la provincia de Chimborazo y Tungurahua, para realizar una comparación de sus características físicas, químicas y mecánicas.
Análisis del transporte por locomotoras eléctricas y a baterías en el nivel principal y abastecimiento de los niveles secundarios en PRODUMIN S.A.
Authors: Mejía Flores Marco Antonio , Morales Chacha Karla Margot , Ríos Cali Wilmar Alejandro 
Published: July 2020

La presente investigación establece un análisis del transporte por locomotoras eléctricas y el transporte por locomotoras a baterías en el nivel principal de abastecimiento a los niveles secundarios en la empresa minera PRODUMIN S.A., este análisis sirve para definir qué tipo de transporte es técnica y económicamente viable, así como también conocer cuáles son los factores interior mina que distorsionan al transporte logrando que sea insuficiente.
Para ello, se ha tomado en cuenta la base teórica como: resistencia a la gradiente, esfuerzo a la tracción, radio de curvatura, inclinación, entre otros. La metodología aplicada es mediante un control de tiempos de los diferentes ciclos de transporte y abastecimiento, obteniendo como resultado que el factor más relevante qué produce perdidas en el transporte por locomotoras es el descarrilamiento debido a una elevada gradiente, a la falta de potencia (HP) del motor y a la capacidad de la locomotora a batería (TM) en el abastecimiento de los niveles secundarios.