bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the readiness of digital data infrastructure for opioid use disorder research
Authors: Venkatesh Arjun , Malicki Caitlin , Hawk Kathryn , D’Onofrio Gail , Kinsman Jeremiah , Taylor Andrew 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Gaps in electronic health record (EHR) data collection and the paucity of standardized clinical data elements (CDEs) captured from electronic and digital data sources have impeded research efforts aimed at understanding the epidemiology and quality of care for opioid use disorder (OUD). We identified existing CDEs and evaluated their validity and usability, which is required prior to infrastructure implementation within EHRs.

Methods
We conducted (a) a systematic literature review of publications in Medline, Embase and the Web of Science using a combination of at least one term related to OUD and EHR and (b) an environmental scan of publicly available data systems and dictionaries used in national informatics and quality measurement of policy initiatives. Opioid-related data elements identified within the environmental scan were compared with related data elements contained within nine common health data code systems and each element was graded for alignment with match results categorized as “exact”, “partial”, or “none.”

Results
The literature review identified 5186 articles for title search, of which 75 abstracts were included for review and 38 articles were selected for full-text review. Full-text articles yielded 237 CDEs, only 12 (5.06%) of which were opioid-specific. The environmental scan identified 379 potential data elements and value sets across 9 data systems and libraries, among which only 84 (22%) were opioid-specific. We found substantial variability in the types of clinical data elements with limited overlap and no single data system included CDEs across all major data element types such as substance use disorder, OUD, medication and mental health. Relative to common health data code systems, few data elements had an exact match (< 1%), while 61% had a partial match and 38% had no matches.

Conclusions
Despite the increasing ubiquity of EHR data standards and national attention placed on the opioid epidemic, we found substantial fragmentation in the design and construction of OUD related CDEs and little OUD specific CDEs in existing data dictionaries, systems and literature. Given the significant gaps in data collection and reporting, future work should leverage existing structured data elements to create standard workflow processes to improve OUD data capture in EHR systems.
Macrophage, the potential key mediator in CAR-T related CRS
Authors: Hao Zhaonian , Li Ruyuan , Meng Li , Han Zhiqiang , Hong Zhenya 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is a new frontier in cancer therapy. The toxicity of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) has become one of the major challenges that limits the wider use of CAR T cells to fight cancer. Exploration of CRS pathogenesis and treatment is becoming the main focus of ongoing studies. Myeloid-derived macrophages were found to play a critical role in CRS pathogenesis, and these cells mediate the major production of core cytokines, including IL-6, IL-1 and interferon (IFN)-γ. Colocalization of macrophages and CAR T cells was also identified as necessary for inducing CRS, and CD40L-CD40 signaling might be the key cell–cell interaction in the tumor microenvironment. Macrophages might also take part in endocrine and self-amplified catecholamine loops that can directly activate cytokine production and release by macrophages during CRS. In addition to tocilizumab and corticosteroids, several novel CRS therapies targeting macrophage-centered pathways have shown much potential, including GM-CSF blockade and administration of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and α-methyltyrosine (metyrosine, MTR). In the present review, we summarized the role of macrophages in CRS and new developments in therapeutic strategies for CRS-associated toxicities.
Fructose contributes to the Warburg effect for cancer growth
Authors: Nakagawa Takahiko , Lanaspa Miguel A. , Millan Inigo San , Fini Mehdi , Rivard Christopher J. , Sanchez-Lozada Laura G. , Andres-Hernando Ana , Tolan Dean R. , Johnson Richard J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObesity and metabolic syndrome are strongly associated with cancer, and these disorders may share a common mechanism. Recently, fructose has emerged as a driving force to develop obesity and metabolic syndrome. Thus, we assume that fructose may be the mechanism to explain why obesity and metabolic syndrome are linked with cancer. Clinical and experimental evidence showed that fructose intake was associated with cancer growth and that fructose transporters are upregulated in various malignant tumors. Interestingly, fructose metabolism can be driven under low oxygen conditions, accelerates glucose utilization, and exhibits distinct effects as compared to glucose, including production of uric acid and lactate as major byproducts. Fructose promotes the Warburg effect to preferentially downregulate mitochondrial respiration and increases aerobic glycolysis that may aid metastases that initially have low oxygen supply. In the process, uric acid may facilitate carcinogenesis by inhibiting the TCA cycle, stimulating cell proliferation by mitochondrial ROS, and blocking fatty acid oxidation. Lactate may also contribute to cancer growth by suppressing fat oxidation and inducing oncogene expression. The ability of fructose metabolism to directly stimulate the glycolytic pathway may have been protective for animals living with limited access to oxygen, but may be deleterious toward stimulating cancer growth and metastasis for humans in modern society. Blocking fructose metabolism may be a novel approach for the prevention and treatment of cancer.
Strategies supporting the prevention and control of neglected tropical diseases during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ehrenberg John P. , Zhou Xiao-Nong , Fontes Gilberto , Rocha Eliana M. M. , Tanner Marcel , Utzinger Jürg 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEmerging and re-emerging zoonotic diseases represent a public health challenge of international concern. They include a large group of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), many of which are of zoonotic nature. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), another emerging zoonotic disease, has just increased the stakes exponentially. Most NTDs are subject to the impact of some of the very same human-related activities triggering other emerging and re-emerging diseases, including COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), bird flu and swine flu. It is conceivable that COVID-19 will exacerbate the NTDs, as it will divert much needed financial and human resources. There is considerable concern that recent progress achieved with control and elimination efforts will be reverted. Future potential strategies will need to reconsider the determinants of health in NTDs in order to galvanize efforts and come up with a comprehensive, well defined programme that will set the stage for an effective multi-sectorial approach. In this Commentary, we propose areas of potential synergies between the COVID-19 pandemic control efforts, other health and non-health sector initiatives and NTD control and elimination programmes.
The emerging landscape of circular RNAs in immunity: breakthroughs and challenges
Authors: Li Zhouxiao , Cheng Ye , Wu Fan , Wu Liangliang , Cao Hongyong , Wang Qian , Tang Weiwei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently linked RNAs that exhibit individual strand with a closed-loop framework compared with a conserving, steady and abundant linear counterpart. In recent years, as high-throughput sequencing advancement has been developing, functional circRNAs have been increasingly recognized, and more extensive analyses expounded their effect on different diseases. However, the study on the function of circRNAs in the immune system remains insufficient. This study discusses the basic principles of circRNAs regulation and the systems involved in physiology-related and pathology-related processes. The effect of circRNAs on immune regulation is elucidated. The ongoing development of circRNAs and basic immunology has multiplied their potential in treating diseases. Such perspective will summarize the status and effect of circRNAs on various immune cells in cancer, autoimmune diseases and infections. Moreover, this study will primarily expound the system of circRNAs in T lymphocytes, macrophages and other immune cells, which creates a novel perspective and lay a theoretical basis for treating diseases.
Effects of BRI strategy on Mediterranean shipping transport
Authors: Ferrari Claudio , Tei Alessio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn 2013 Chinese government unveiled one of the biggest transport plan schemes worldwide: the One Belt One Road (OBOR) strategy, now called the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). This scheme includes the development of a group of specific transport and logistics corridors that encompass three different continents (i.e. Asia, Africa, and Europe) with both land and maritime corridors. Both these planned interventions are expected to greatly impact on the maritime transport between Far East and Northern Europe through new port investments (e.g. Piraeus, the proposed Venice container offshore terminal) and providing rail alternatives (e.g. Beijing-Hamburg rail service) that could impact on the geography of international trades.These modifications of current transport patterns might drastically change the overall organisation of the shipping services in the Mediterranean, increasing competition of transport alternatives (e.g. rail vs road; rail vs sea) and promoting the nodes included in the BRI. Thus, the current study aims at discussing effects of BRI on current maritime patterns with a specific focus on the effects into port competition within the Mediterranean area.
Botanical extracts against the potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller 1873) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), during storage conditions
Authors: Sharaby Aziza Mohamed Fouad , Gesraha Mohamed Ahmed , Fallatah Sahar Ahmed Baker 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe potato tuber moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller 1873) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a destructive pest of stored potatoes and potato crop. Biopesticides are certain types of pesticides derived from animals, plants, and bacteria. Botanicals are especially efficient in the form of antifeedant, repellent, protectants, and growth-disrupting hormones. They are also sources of secondary metabolites that are safer than synthetic insecticides. Present research was conducted to evaluate some botanical extracts as natural local alternatives against PTM under storage conditions. Twelve different 80% ethanolic plant extracts were tested on PTM during storage condition (30 ± 2°C and 70 ± 5% RH) at a light regime of the day 10-h light and 14-h dark. Biological parameters of the pest, evidence of the potato tubers damage, and continuation of protection to the tubers were recorded. Extracts of mint, zygophyllum, coriander, arnoglosse, harmel, and solanum indicated a total inhibition of egg deposition at 2.5% concentration; also, they provided high protections to the potato tubers from the PTM infestation for about 3 months and without observations’ effect on tubers germination. Senna, colocynth, and basil reduced the number of deposited egg/female. Jasmine, geranium, and chamomile recorded a low potential on egg deposition. Basil showed the highest potency in decreasing development of larvae that hatched from eggs, therefore, reduced the number of next adult offspring (F1) and followed by jasmine and geranium. Variable levels of extracts’ protection can be arranged according to their damage evidence as follows: basil > colocynth > jasmine > geranium > senna > chamomile.
Machine learning to assist clinical decision-making during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Debnath Shubham , Barnaby Douglas P. , Coppa Kevin , Makhnevich Alexander , Kim Eun Ji , Chatterjee Saurav , Tóth Viktor , Levy Todd J. , Paradis Marc d. , Cohen Stuart L. , Hirsch Jamie S. , Zanos Theodoros P. ,   the Northwell COVID-19 Research Consortium, Becker Lance B. , Cookingham Jennifer , Davidson Karina W. , Dominello Andrew J. , Falzon Louise , McGinn Thomas , Mogavero Jazmin N. , Osorio Gabrielle A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The number of cases from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic has overwhelmed existing medical facilities and forced clinicians, patients, and families to make pivotal decisions with limited time and information.

Main body
While machine learning (ML) methods have been previously used to augment clinical decisions, there is now a demand for “Emergency ML.” Throughout the patient care pathway, there are opportunities for ML-supported decisions based on collected vitals, laboratory results, medication orders, and comorbidities. With rapidly growing datasets, there also remain important considerations when developing and validating ML models.

Conclusion
This perspective highlights the utility of evidence-based prediction tools in a number of clinical settings, and how similar models can be deployed during the COVID-19 pandemic to guide hospital frontlines and healthcare administrators to make informed decisions about patient care and managing hospital volume.
Patient reported cosmetic outcome after vacuum assisted excision of benign breast lesions: a cross-sectional study
Authors: van de Voort Elles M.F. , Klem Taco M.A.L. , Struik Gerson M. , Birnie Erwin , Sinke Renata H.J.A. , Ghandi Ali 
Published: July 2020

Objective:
Better cosmetic outcome after vacuum assisted excision (VAE) compared to surgical excision of benign breast lesions is suggested in previous studies but has never been evaluated with validated outcome measures. In this study, patient reported cosmetic outcome after VAE was evaluated.

Methods:
Patients who underwent VAE between July 2017 and December 2018 were invited to complete the cosmetic subscale of the Dutch Breast Cancer Treatment Outcome Scale, comparing the treated with the untreated breast. Response mode ranged from 1 (no difference) to 4 (large difference) and cosmetic outcome was calculated as the unweighted mean. Clinical outcomes included: tumor size, number of cores, complications, residual lesions and recurrences.

Results:
Response rate was 73.4% (47 of 64 patients). Median tumor size was 15 mm (range 5–51 mm) and median number of cores 6.5 (range 1–85), complete excision was confirmed in all but two patients. Mean cosmetic outcome was good (mean score ≤1.75) in 74% of patients and no patients reported a poor cosmetic outcome (mean score &gt;3.25). A hematoma occurred in five patients (one needed aspiration) and a skin rash in one patient, no patients developed an infection or seroma.

Conclusion:
In this study VAE is safe and effective for tumors up to 5 cm and patient reported cosmetic outcome was good. Patients with benign lesions could benefit from VAE as an alternative for surgical excision.

Advances in knowledge:
A formal quantitative measurement of cosmetic outcome after vacuum assisted excision for benign breast lesions was still lacking. This study shows that this cosmetic outcome is overall good in benign lesions up to 5 cm.
Global development of children’s palliative care: the picture in 2017
Authors: Clelland David , van Steijn Danny , Macdonald Mary Ellen , Connor Stephen , Centeno Carlos , Clark David 
Published: July 2020

Background: The growing interest in tracking the global development of palliative care provision is not matched by research on the development of palliative care services specifically for children. Yet it is estimated that worldwide, 21 million children annually could benefit from the provision of palliative care. We report on a global study of children’s palliative care development and offer suggestions for further improvement in design and method. Methods: Primary data on the level of children’s palliative care development in 2017 was collected from in-country experts through a specific question in an online questionnaire that sought to measure the overall level of palliative care provision globally. Countries were assigned to one of six categories on the basis of the responses obtained. Conflicting responses from the same country were resolved with reference to a hierarchy of preferred respondents. Results: Our data allowed the categorisation of 113 countries, accounting for 65% of the global population aged under 20. Number of countries (% of global child population) in each category were as follows: 1) no known activity, 21 (4%); 2) capacity-building, 16 (24%); 3a) isolated provision, 55 (30%); 3b) generalized provision, 5 (1%); 4a) preliminary integration into mainstream provision, 14 (8%); 4b) advanced integration, 7 (2%). Conclusions: Children’s palliative care at the highest level of provision is available in just 21 countries, accounting for fewer than 10% of the global population aged under 20. It is concentrated in high income settings, whilst the majority of the global need for such care is in low- and middle-income countries. Our study is a useful tool for global advocacy relating to children’s palliative care and a stimulus for the creation of improved indicators to measure it at the country level.
Ultrastable optical components using adjustable commercial mirror mounts anchored in a ULE spacer
Authors: Kulkarni Soham , Umińska Ada , Gleason Joseph , Barke Simon , Ferguson Reid , Sanjuán Jose , Fulda Paul , Mueller Guido 
Published: July 2020

This paper describes a novel, to the best of our knowledge, approach to build ultrastable interferometers using commercial mirror mounts anchored in an ultralow expansion (ULE) base. These components will play a critical role in any light particle search (ALPS) and will also be included in ground testing equipment for the upcoming laser interferometer space antenna (LISA) mission. Contrary to the standard ultrastable designs where mirrors are bonded to the spacers, ruling out any later modifications and alignments, our design remains flexible and allows the alignment of optical components at all stages to be optimized and changed. Here we present the dimensional stability and angular stability of two commercial mirror mounts characterized in a cavity setup. The long-term length change in the cavity did not exceed 30 nm and the relative angular stability was within 2 µrad, which meet the requirements for ALPS. We were also able to demonstrate

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length noise stability, which is a critical requirement for various subsystems in LISA. These results have led us to design similar opto-mechanical structures, which will be used in ground verification to test the LISA telescope.
A Sociologia da Infância na contemporaneidade
Authors: Brostolin Marta Regina 
Published: July 2020

O texto decorre de um estudo que buscou revisitar a literatura tendo em vistas a trajetória de constituição do campo da Sociologia da Infância, como disciplina científica em contextos português e brasileiro, para num segundo momento discutir os caminhos trilhados e os desafios a serem enfrentados na contemporaneidade. O campo surge com uma dupla função, isto é, criar um espaço para a infância no discurso sociológico e encarar a complexidade e ambiguidade da infância como um fenômeno contemporâneo e instável. Em relação à primeira atribuição, a Sociologia da Infância compreende a criança como sujeito de direitos, ator social em seus modos de vida e a infância como uma categoria geracional sócio-historicamente construída. Nesse processo teórico e epistemológico, desconstrói a normatividade imposta à criança pela sociedade moderna. Portanto, é na segunda função que seus desafios contemporâneos residem, ou seja, em tornar visível as crianças ainda ausentes no campo, as crianças excluídas pela desigualdade social, pelas guerras, tráfico, prostituição, pela pobreza, enfim, que se volte para a emancipação social e direito a provisão, proteção e participação das crianças.
Intussusception in a Routine Colonoscopy
Authors: Ahmed Abdelwahab , Zhang Jinyu , Anas Kutait 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
We present a 42-year-old woman who developed colo-colonic intussusception of the transverse colon near the hepatic flexure within a few hours after a routine colonoscopy. After conservative management with pain medication and hydration, her symptoms completely resolved within 24 hours. Colonic intussusception after a colonoscopy is rare, and the present case describes the most conservative approach leading to a complete resolution of symptoms.
Vitamin C Deficiency: An Under-Recognized Condition in Crohn's Disease
Authors: Gordon Benjamin L. , Galati Jonathan , Yang Stevie , Katz Philip O. , Scherl Ellen J. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Although many nutritional deficiencies are associated with Crohn's disease (CD), vitamin C deficiency is less frequently diagnosed and reported despite its prevalence. Vitamin C deficiency may be more difficult to diagnose in patients with CD because symptoms from active CD may overlap with scurvy. Identification of the deficiency is vital, however, because treatment can lead to swift, marked resolution of symptoms. We present a patient with long-standing CD who presented with gum bleeding and was found to have scurvy.
Independence of Central Banks: The Need for an Urgent Revamp!
Authors: Moutot Philippe 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Over the last years, independent central banks were often criticized. Many critics felt that the fatal flaw of the current system lied in its independent nature. Some critics argued that the remedy to such problems was to replace independence with interdependence. Such a drastic measure is completely unnecessary. No more time should be lost discussing further the merits or the weaknesses of central bank independence. But taking central bank independence as a given, one should simply try to equip central bankers with the mandates, the tools, and the values best fitted to help them face future shocks. Deeper checks and balances with other institutions and the fair financing of investment by all economic agents, including startups and SMEs, are urgently necessary to head off financial crises that will inevitably arise in this era of growing wealth inequality, disruptive technologies and climate change.
Financial Sector Reforms and its Impact on Economy of Pakistan
Authors: Ali Gulzar 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
During past two decades government of Pakistan has made prominent attempts to transform its financial system through various reforms. Being chief element of macroeconomic policy, financial reforms are anticipated to fetch considerable economic benefits mostly through efficient utilization of resources and recruitment of national savings. Analyzing the effectiveness of financial sector reforms the findings of this investigation demonstrates considerable and noteworthy effect on the economy of Pakistan, however still the gap of improvement exits. From the analysis it can be suggested that to make the financial sector reforms in more effective way, the information gap between micro-macro prudential should be bridged to ensure the safety and soundness of individual institutions that encompasses all activities aimed at monitoring the exposure of systemic risk and identifying potential threats to financial stability arising from macroeconomic and financial sector reforms.