bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The significance of aragonite in the interpretation of the microscopic archaeological record
Authors: Toffolo Michael B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAragonite is one of the metastable polymorphs of calcium carbonate and is commonly found at archaeological sites in the form of mollusk shells and speleothems. Other occurrences include corals, fish otoliths, seed endocarps, wood ash, and lime plaster. These materials contain microscopic embedded information of fundamental importance for the assessment of the state of preservation of the archaeological record, the reconstruction of paleoenvironments, the identification of pyrotechnological processes, and the establishment of absolute chronologies. However, this information can be used only if the aragonite found at archaeological sites preserves its pristine structure and chemistry. Aragonite is metastable at ambient conditions and tends to dissolve and recrystallize into secondary aragonite or calcite, a process that entails the loss of its original elemental and isotopic signature. Therefore, well‐grounded archaeological interpretations depend on the correct identification of aragonite and the careful characterization of its basic properties. This article reviews the dissolution processes of different types of aragonite, the methods used for their identification, and the archaeological information that can be extracted. Particular emphasis is given to the discussion of key issues regarding absolute dating and postdepositional processes of archaeological sediments, and to a detailed overview of the recently observed pyrogenic aragonite.
Transport of magnetohydrodynamic nanofluid in a microchannel based on mixture theory with particle shape effect
Authors: Sindhu Sundar , Gireesha Bijjanal Jayanna 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntensification of heat transport in a thermal system has attracted researchers nowadays. Among various methods, suspension of nanoparticles of distinct shapes plays a vital role in enhancing the heat transfer phenomenon. The aim of this study is to scrutinize the consequences of induced magnetic field on nanofluid flow in an horizontal microchannel formed by two parallel plates. Imports of heat source and convective boundary condition on flow and thermal field are deliberated. The modeled equations are nondimensionalized using dimensionless variables. The resultant nonlinear system have been computed via Runge‐Kutta‐Fehlberg method combined with the shooting technique. Magnetic and nonmagnetic nanoparticles are considered to pronounce the diverse flow and thermal properties. The upshots of the current investigations are visualized through graphical elucidation. It is established that rate of heat transfer is augmented for larger Biot number and heat source parameter. Also, it is verified that the Nusselt number at the upper plate of the microchannel satisfies the identity .
Bone marrow coagulated and low‐level laser therapy accelerate bone healing by enhancing angiogenesis, cell proliferation, osteoblast differentiation, and mineralization
Authors: Santinoni Carolina S. , Neves Adrieli P. C. , Almeida Breno F. M. , Kajimoto Natália C. , Pola Natália M. , Caliente Eliana A. , Belem Eduarda L. G. , Lelis Joilson B. , Fucini Stephen E. , Messora Michel R. , Garcia Valdir G. , Bomfim Suely R. M. , Ervolino Edilson , Nagata Maria J. H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe present study evaluated bone marrow aspirate (BMA) and low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) on bone healing. It was created critical‐size defects (CSD) of 5 mm diameter in rat calvaria of 64 rats. Animals were randomly divided into four groups: Control (blood clot), BMA (coagulated BMA), LLLT (laser irradiation and blood clot), and BMA/LLLT (laser irradiation and coagulated BMA). Euthanasia was performed at 15 or 30 days postoperative. Immunohistochemical reactions were performed to identify vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), runt‐related transcription factor‐2 (Runx2), bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2), osteocalcin (OCN), and osteopontin (OPN). The markers were quantified, and data were statistically analyzed. Groups BMA/LLLT and LLLT presented significantly higher VEGF expression than group control. Group BMA/LLLT presented a significantly higher expression of PCNA than all experimental groups. Groups BMA and BMA/LLLT presented significantly higher expression of BMP‐2 than all experimental groups. Groups LLLT and BMA/LLLT presented significantly higher expression of OPN than groups control and BMA. Groups LLLT, BMA, and BMA/LLLT presented a significantly higher expression of OCN than group control. It can be concluded that the association of BMA and LLLT enhanced bone healing by improving expression of VEGF, PCNA, Runx2, BMP‐2, OPN, and OCN.
The degradation behavior of calcium‐rich hydroxyapatite foams in vitro
Authors: Zhang Qinghao , Wang Wenfu , Schmelzer Eva , Gerlach Jörg , Liu Changsheng , Nettleship Ian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHydroxyapatite (HA) is a well‐known regenerative biomaterial. However, the slow degradation rate of HA is still an obstacle in clinical applications. In this study, we concentrated on investigating the degradation behavior of the calcium‐rich HA foams, which had a demonstrated effect on blood differentiation in previous studies. The HA foams were processed by an emulsion method and were infiltrated with calcium nitrate to create a calcium carbonate second phase, heterogeneously distributed on and under the surface of the foam. During the 28‐day solubility test, the calcium carbonate phase contributed to enhanced Ca2+ ion release into the saline compared to phase pure HA foams. Both types of foams were biocompatible as demonstrated by human endothelial cell culture on their surface. The release of calcium ions, the degradation behavior, and the endothelial cell differentiation behavior suggest this biphasic ceramic is a candidate for bone marrow in vitro culture and a possible bone substitute material.
The optimized research of the in vitro culture of preantral follicles in mice
Authors: Wang Xiyan , Wang Liguo , Sun Yanmei , Wu Di , Li Jiao , Zhu Lin , Jiang Shiwen , Pan Xiaoyan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveEfficiency of preantral follicle culture in vitro is low and is dependent on species, development stage, and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) concentration. Here, we optimized the preantral follicle in vitro culture system in mice.MethodsThe primary follicles (PM follicles, 80‐100 μm diameter ) and early secondary follicles (ES follicles, 110‐130 μm diameter) isolated from 14‐day female mice were cultured in mediums containing 10 mIU/mL or 100 mIU/mL r‐FSH. The follicle growth and oocyte maturation were observed. Estradiol (E2) was detected by ELISA. FSH receptor (FSHR), Ki‐67, 3β‐HSD, CYP17, and CYP19 levels were detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot.ResultsThe antrum formation and oocyte maturation rates of ES follicles were significantly higher than those of PM follicles (P < .05). They were also significantly higher in ES follicles with 100 mIU/mL r‐FSH than with 10 mIU/mL r‐FSH (P < .05). A higher FSHR level was found in ES follicles. Meanwhile, with 10 mIU/mL r‐FSH, the ES follicles exhibited a pattern of flat growth, whereas a pattern of stereoscopic spatial growth was observed with 100 mIU/mL r‐FSH. The 100 mIU/mL r‐FSH stimulated granulosa cell proliferation more significantly than 10 mIU/mL r‐FSH. Moreover, FSH significantly promoted ES follicle granulosa cell proliferation compared to PM follicular granulosa cells. The secretion of E2 and the expressions of 3β‐HSD, CYP 17, and CYP 19 in ES follicles with 100 mIU/mL r‐FSH were significantly higher than those with 10 mIU/mL r‐FSH.ConclusionsThe 100 mIU/mL r‐FSH ideally promotes the development of ES follicles, whose growth pattern can more reasonably simulate the growth of follicles in vivo.
A novel circulating miRNA‐based signature for the early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of non–small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhou Chengwei , Chen Zixuan , Zhao Lili , Zhao Weijun , Zhu Yonggang , Liu Jiayuan , Zhao Xiaodong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundNon–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a significant public health issue worldwide. The aim of our study was to develop a serum miRNA‐based molecular signature for the early detection and prognosis prediction of NSCLC.MethodsThe significantly altered circulating miRNAs were profiled in GSE24709. The top ten upregulated miRNAs were miR‐432, miR‐942, miR‐29c‐5p, miR‐601, miR‐613, miR‐520d‐3p, miR‐1261, miR‐132‐5p, miR‐302b, and miR‐154‐5p, while the top ten downregulated miRNAs were miR‐562, miR‐18b, miR‐9‐3p, miR‐154‐3p, miR‐20b, miR‐18a, miR‐487a, miR‐20a, miR‐103, and miR‐144. Then, the top four upregulated serum miRNAs (miR‐432, miR‐942, miR‐29c‐5p, and miR‐601) were validated by real‐time quantitative PCR. The clinical significance of two candidate serum miRNAs, miR‐942 and miR‐601, was further explored.ResultsOur results showed that the expression levels of serum miR‐942 and serum miR‐601 were significantly upregulated in NSCLC. In addition, serum miR‐942 and serum miR‐601 showed better performance than CEA, CYFRA21‐1, and SCCA for early diagnosis of NSCLC. Combining serum miR‐942 and serum miR‐601 enhanced the efficacy of detecting early‐stage NSCLC. Moreover, high serum miR‐942 and serum miR‐601 were both associated with adverse clinical variables and poor survival. The NSCLC patients with simultaneously high serum miR‐942 and serum miR‐601 suffered worst clinical outcome, while those with simultaneously low serum miR‐942 and serum miR‐601 had most favorable outcome. The multivariate analysis showed that serum miR‐942 and serum miR‐601 were independent prognostic factors for NSCLC.ConclusionsTaken together, serum miR‐942 and serum miR‐601 might serve as a promising molecular signature for the early detection and prognosis prediction of NSCLC.
Slow‐sustained delivery of naloxone reduces typical naloxone‐induced precipitated opioid withdrawal effects in male morphine‐dependent mice
Authors: Lewter Lakeisha A. , Johnson Marisa C. , Treat Anny C. , Kassick Andrew J. , Averick Saadyah , Kolber Benedict J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThousands of individuals die each year from opioid‐related overdoses. While naloxone (Narcan®) is currently the most widely employed treatment to reverse opioid toxicity, high or repeated doses of this antidote often lead to precipitated opioid withdrawal (POW). We hypothesized that a slow linear release of naloxone from a nanoparticle would induce fewer POW symptoms compared to high‐dose free naloxone. First, we measured the acute impact of covalent naloxone nanoparticles (Nal‐cNPs) on morphine‐induced antinociception in the hotplate test. We found that Nal‐cNP treatment blocked the antinociceptive effect of morphine within 15 min of administration. Next, we tested the impact of Nal‐cNPs on POW symptoms in male morphine‐dependent mice. To induce morphine dependence, mice were treated with 5 mg/kg morphine (or saline) twice‐daily for six consecutive days. On day 7 mice received 5 mg/kg morphine (or saline) injections 2 hr prior to receiving treatment of either unmodified free naloxone, a high or low dose of Nal‐cNP, empty nanoparticle (cNP‐empty), or saline. Behavior was analyzed for 0–6 hr followed by 24 and 48 hr time points after treatment. As expected, free naloxone induced a significant increase in POW behavior in morphine‐dependent mice compared to saline‐treated mice upon free naloxone administration. In comparison, reduced POW behavior was observed with both doses of Nal‐cNP. Side effects of Nal‐cNP on locomotion and fecal boli production were measured and no significant side‐effects were observed. Overall, our data show that sustained release of naloxone from a covalent nanoparticle does not induce severe POW symptoms in morphine‐dependent mice.
Role of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors in stroke prevention and therapy—The best is yet to come?
Authors: Gamdzyk Marcin , Lenahan Cameron , Tang Jiping , Zhang John H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRole of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) in the pathophysiology of stroke and protective effects of PPAR ligands have been widely investigated in the last 20 years. Activation of all three PPAR isoforms, but especially PPAR‐γ, was documented to limit postischemic injury in the numerous in vivo, as well as in in vitro studies. PPARs have been demonstrated to act on multiple mechanisms and were shown to activate multiple protective pathways related to inflammation, apoptosis, BBB protection, neurogenesis, and oxidative stress. The aim of this review was to summarize two decades of PPAR research in stroke with emphasis on in vivo animal studies. We focus on each PPAR receptor separately and detail their implication in stroke. This review also discusses recent clinical efforts in the field and the epidemiological data with regard to role of PPAR polymorphisms in susceptibility to stroke, and tries to draw conclusions and describe future perspectives.
Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography Demonstrates a High Burden of Coronary Artery Disease Despite Low‐Risk Nuclear Studies in Pre–Liver Transplant Evaluation
Authors: Löffler Adrián I. , Gonzalez Jorge A. , Sundararaman Shriram K. , Mathew Roshin C. , Norton Patrick T. , Hagspiel Klaus D. , Kramer Christopher M. , Ragosta Michael , Rogers Campbell , Shah Neeral L. , Salerno Michael 
Published: August 2020

We investigated the presence and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) candidates using coronary artery calcium score (CACS) and coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) as compared with the prevalence of normal and abnormal single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). A total of 140 prospective OLT candidates without known CAD underwent coronary artery calcium (CAC) scans with (n = 77) or without CCTA and coronary computed tomography angiography–derived fractional flow reserve (FFRCT; n = 57) using a dual‐source computed tomography (CT) and were followed for 2.6 ± 1.4 years. Coronary plaque was quantified using the segment‐involvement score (SIS) and segment stenosis score (SSS). The mean age was 59 ± 6 years, and 65.0% of patients were male. Mean Agatston CACS was 367 ± 653, and 15.0% of patients had CACSs of 0; 83.6% received a SPECT MPI, of which 95.7% were interpreted as normal/probably normal. By CCTA, 9.1% had obstructive CAD (≥70% stenosis), 67.5% had nonobstructive CAD, and 23.4% had no CAD. Nonobstructive CAD was diffuse with mean SIS 3.0 ± 2.9 and SSS 4.5 ± 5.4. Only 14 patients had high risk‐findings (severe 3v CAD, n = 4, CACS >1000 n = 10) that prompted X‐ray angiography in 3 patients who had undergone CCTA, resulting in revascularization of a high‐risk obstruction in 1 patient who had a normal SPECT study. Patients with end‐stage liver disease have a high prevalence of nonobstructive CAD by CCTA, which is undiagnosed by SPECT MPI, potentially underestimating cardiovascular risk. Deferring X‐ray angiography unless high‐risk CCTA findings are present is a potential strategy for avoiding unnecessary X‐ray angiography.
Invasive Carp Reproduction Phenology in Tributaries of the Upper Mississippi River
Authors: Camacho C. A. , Sullivan C. J. , Weber M. J. , Pierce C. L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Invasive Bighead Carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, Silver Carp H. molitrix, and Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella are expanding throughout the upper Mississippi River (UMR) basin. Spawning has occurred in the main-stem UMR but could be limited to high-discharge events when dam operations create a free-flowing river. Alternatively, naturally free-flowing tributaries could offer alternative habitat for successful reproduction. Our objectives were to examine temporal and spatial variation in adult gonad development, ichthyoplankton densities, and back-calculated spawn dates of invasive carp collected in three UMR tributaries. We compared ichthyoplankton densities between the upstream and mouth reaches of tributaries and densities between the UMR and adjacent tributaries. Ichthyoplankton samples were collected every 10 d, and adult invasive carp were sampled monthly at nine sites throughout the Des Moines, Skunk, Iowa, Cedar, and Mississippi rivers during April–October 2014 and 2015. Peaks in adult gonadosomatic index, an increase in postspawn females, and ichthyoplankton collections suggested that peak spawning occurred during late May through June, when water temperatures were 18–30°C and channel velocities were at least 0.7 m/s. However, reproduction occurred as late as August in some tributaries. Ichthyoplankton densities were highest in the Des Moines River among tributaries, but tributary densities were similar to the UMR densities, suggesting that both tributaries and main-stem sites provide suitable spawning locations. Invasive carp reproduction in UMR tributaries provides additional sources of potential recruitment for further population expansion upstream in the UMR and should be considered when devising plans for controlling populations along the leading edge of the invasion.
Migration and Residency of Sandbar, Atlantic Sharpnose, Bull, and Nurse Sharks in the Northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Altobelli Ashley N. , Szedlmayer Stephen T. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Acoustic telemetry was used to monitor the movements and residency of Sandbar Sharks Carcharhinus plumbeus, Atlantic Sharpnose Sharks Rhizoprionodon terraenovae, Bull Sharks Carcharhinus leucas, and Nurse Sharks Ginglymostoma cirratum around artificial reefs in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Transmitter-tagged sharks were monitored from November 2012 to July 2019. Residency comparisons were based on the percentage of days that an individual was present in the study area for each month. Sandbar Sharks had greater residencies in fall than spring and winter, Bull Sharks had greater residencies in summer, and Nurse Sharks had greater residencies in the fall. No seasonal patterns were detected for Atlantic Sharpnose Sharks, but one individual returned to the study area in all 5 years that the transmitter was active. One Sandbar Shark and one Nurse Shark had long-term preferences (&gt;3 years) for specific sites. Long-distance migrations (n = 7) away from the artificial reef area in the northern Gulf of Mexico were observed for three Sandbar Sharks (588, 589, and 1,894 km), two Bull Sharks (927 and 968 km), and two Nurse Sharks (903 and 943 km), with six of these migrating sharks returning to their tagging areas. Specifically, two Bull Sharks and two Nurse Sharks made winter migrations to the southern end of Florida (Florida Keys), and two Sandbar Sharks migrated to the middle of the west coast of Florida. A third Sandbar Shark made the longest distance migration and moved out of the Gulf of Mexico, into the Atlantic Ocean, and up to the South Carolina coast. Importantly, this Sandbar Shark returned to the same artificial reef where it was tagged and released in the northern Gulf of Mexico after its 3,788-km round trip migration. These long-distance migrations and subsequent homing behaviors, coupled with local residencies, indicate that the artificial reefs in the northern Gulf of Mexico may have significance extending well beyond the localized areas of reef deployment.
Growth of Known-Age Muskellunge Stocked into Northwestern Wisconsin Lakes
Authors: Hermus John W. , Gorne Jeremiah A. , Shaw Stephanie L. , Sass Greg G. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Growth information from known-age Muskellunge Esox masquinongy is relatively rare in the published literature. We tagged all extended-growth Muskellunge fingerlings stocked into 10 northwestern Wisconsin lakes during 2009–2019 with PIT tags and later recaptured these fish to establish known age and growth. Our objective was to use known age, and length upon recapture of each stocked Muskellunge, to determine sex-specific asymptotic length (L∞), Brody’s growth coefficient (K), and mean length at age using Wang’s parameterization of the von Bertalanffy growth function. Our results showed rapid juvenile growth with Muskellunge reaching lengths of about 67 cm by age 3, after which sexually dimorphic growth patterns were displayed and growth rates slowed. For example, the Wisconsin statewide minimum length limit for harvest (102 cm) was not achieved until age 9 for females, with males taking much longer or never achieving this length. Values of L∞ ± SE were 128.5 ± 7.6 cm for females and 102.0 ± 3.3 cm for males. Our study provides a method for managers to collect known age and length data for Muskellunge without sacrificing fish and validates current age and growth of northwestern Wisconsin stocked Muskellunge.
Impact of osmotic stress on the growth and root architecture of introgression lines derived from a wild ancestor of rice and a modern cultivar
Authors: Chen Lin , Czechowski Tomasz , Graham Ian A. , Hartley Sue E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMany modern rice varieties have been intensively selected for high‐yielding performance under irrigated conditions, reducing their genetic diversity and potentially increasing their susceptibility to abiotic stresses such as drought. In this study, we tested benefits for stress tolerance of introducing DNA segments from wild ancestor Oryza rufipogon to the modern cultivar O. sativa cv Curinga (CUR) by applying a gradient of osmotic stress to both parents and seven introgressed lines. Shoot growth of O. rufipogon had a high tolerance to osmotic stress, and the number of total root tips increased under mild osmotic stress. One introgression line showed greater shoot growth, root growth, and higher number of total root tips than the parent line CUR under osmotic stress. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a key hormone mediating plant responses to abiotic stresses. Both root and shoot growth of O. rufipogon were much more sensitive to ABA than CUR. Introgression lines varied in the extent to which the sensitivity of their growth responses to ABA and some lines correlated with their sensitivity to osmotic stress. Our results suggest that rice responses to ABA and osmotic stress are genotype dependent, and growth responses of rice to ABA are not a consistent indicator of resilience to abiotic stress in introgression lines.