bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fragmentation promotes the role of dispersal in determining 10 intermittent headwater stream metacommunities
Authors: Gauthier Maïlys , Launay Bertrand , Le Goff Guillaume , Pella Herve , Douady Christophe J. , Datry Thibault 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Dispersal, defined as the movement of individuals among local communities in a landscape, is a central regional determinant of metacommunity dynamics in ecosystems. Whereas both natural and anthropogenic ecosystem fragmentations can limit dispersal, previous attempts to measure such limitations have faced considerable context dependency, due to a combination of spatial extent and associated environmental variability, the wide range of dispersal modes, and abilities of organisms or variation in network topologies. Therefore, the role dispersal plays compared to local environmental filtering in explaining metacommunity dynamics remains unclear in fragmented dendritic ecosystems.

We quantified α‐ and β‐diversity components of invertebrate metacommunities across 10 fragmented headwater stream networks and tested the hypothesis that dispersal is the primary determinant of biodiversity organisation in these dynamic and spatially constrained ecosystems.

Alpha‐diversity was much lower in intermittent than perennial reaches, even long after rewetting, indicating an overwhelming effect of drying including a legacy effect on local communities.

Beta‐diversity was never correlated with environmental distances but predominantly explained by spatial distances accounting for river network fragmentation. The nestedness proportion of β‐diversity was considerable and reflected compositional differences where communities from intermittent reaches were subsets of perennial reaches.

Altogether, these results indicate dispersal as the primary process shaping metacommunity dynamics in these 10 headwater stream networks, where local communities recurrently undergo extinction and recolonisation events. This challenges previous conceptual views that local environment filtering is the main driver of headwater stream metacommunities.

As river networks become increasingly fragmented due to global change, our results suggest that some freshwater ecosystems currently driven by local environment filtering could gradually become dispersal‐limited. In this perspective, shifts from perennial to intermittent flow regimes represent ecological thresholds that should not be crossed to avoid jeopardising river biodiversity, functional integrity, and the ecosystem services they provide to society.
Seed dispersal by neotropical waterfowl depends on bird species and seasonality
Authors: Silva Giliandro G. , Green Andy J. , Hoffman Pedro , Weber Vinícius , Stenert Cristina , Lovas‐Kiss Ádám , Maltchik Leonardo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWaterbird‐mediated endozoochory is an essential mechanism for the dispersal of sessile organisms in freshwater ecosystems. However, in the neotropics there are no previous studies of how different waterbird species vary in the dispersal functions they perform, and how seasonality influences endozoochory. In this study, we identified plant diaspores dispersed in faeces of five South American waterfowl (Brazilian tealAmazonetta brasiliensis, yellow‐billed tealAnas flavirostris,ringed tealCallonetta leucophrys, coscoroba swanCoscoroba coscoroba, and white‐faced whistling‐duckDendrocygna viduata).We collected 165 faecal samples from five wetlands in southern Brazil surrounded by pasture and rice fields, then separated and measured intact seeds and other diaspores. Using generalised linear models, we tested how diaspore abundance and taxonomic richness differed among bird species and between cold (April–September) and warm (October–March) periods. We also analysed bird‐specific and seasonal variations in diaspore composition through principal coordinates analysis and permutational multivariate analysis of variance. We used indicator species analysis to determine which diaspore species discriminated between bird species and seasons. Finally, we measured diaspore length in order to analyse differences among waterfowl species in the size of diaspores dispersed.We found 2,066 intact diaspores from 40 different plant taxa, including seeds of 37 angiosperms and diaspores of Lycophyta (Isoetescf. maxima), Pteridophyta (Azolla filiculoides), and Charophyceae. There was at least one diaspore in 65% of all faecal samples. Diaspores of native amphibious and emergent plants were dominant. We found 1,835 diaspores (from 33 taxa) in the cold period but only 231 (23 taxa) in the warm period. Seeds of the grassZizaniopsis bonariensisand of the sedgeRynchosporasp. were the most abundant taxa. A strong interaction between bird species and season was the most important predictor of variation in both taxonomic richness and abundance of diaspores. The taxonomic composition of diaspores differed among waterfowl species and season. Indicator species analysis identified 12 plant taxa associated with particular bird species and seasons. Coscoroba swan, the largest bodied species in our study dispersed a higher proportion (8.2%) of large (length >2 mm) seeds.Despite considerable overlap, there are important differences in the plants dispersed by each species, and the smallest (ringed teal) and largest (coscoroba swan) birds are particularly different. All five waterfowl species are distributed over wide areas of South America and here we demonstrated that they are likely to be important plant vectors connecting wetland species at different geographical scales. Many of these plants have previously been assumed to lack mechanisms for long‐distance dispersal.
Meta‐analysis of multiple driver effects on marine phytoplankton highlights modulating role ofpCO2
Authors: Seifert Miriam , Rost Björn , Trimborn Scarlett , Hauck Judith 
Published: September 2020

AbstractResponses of marine primary production to a changing climate are determined by a concert of multiple environmental changes, for example in temperature, light,pCO2, nutrients, and grazing. To make robust projections of future global marine primary production, it is crucial to understand multiple driver effects on phytoplankton. This meta‐analysis quantifies individual and interactive effects of dual driver combinations on marine phytoplankton growth rates. Almost 50% of the single‐species laboratory studies were excluded because central data and metadata (growth rates, carbonate system, experimental treatments) were insufficiently reported. The remaining data (42 studies) allowed for the analysis of interactions ofpCO2with temperature, light, and nutrients, respectively. Growth rates mostly respond non‐additively, whereby the interaction with increasedpCO2profusely dampens growth‐enhancing effects of high temperature and high light. Multiple and single driver effects on coccolithophores differ from other phytoplankton groups, especially in their high sensitivity to increasingpCO2. Polar species decrease their growth rate in response to highpCO2, while temperate and tropical species benefit under these conditions. Based on the observed interactions and projected changes, we anticipate primary productivity to: (a) first increase but eventually decrease in the Arctic Ocean once nutrient limitation outweighs the benefits of higher light availability; (b) decrease in the tropics and mid‐latitudes due to intensifying nutrient limitation, possibly amplified by elevatedpCO2; and (c) increase in the Southern Ocean in view of higher nutrient availability and synergistic interaction with increasingpCO2. Growth‐enhancing effect of high light and warming to coccolithophores, mainlyEmiliania huxleyi, might increase their relative abundance as long as not offset by acidification. Dinoflagellates are expected to increase their relative abundance due to their positive growth response to increasingpCO2and light levels. Our analysis reveals gaps in the knowledge on multiple driver responses and provides recommendations for future work on phytoplankton.
Climate warming restructures an aquatic food web over 28 years
Authors: Tanentzap Andrew J. , Morabito Giuseppe , Volta Pietro , Rogora Michela , Yan Norman D. , Manca Marina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractClimate warming can restructure lake food webs if trophic levels differ in their thermal responses, but evidence for these changes and their underlying mechanisms remain scarce in nature. Here we document how warming lake temperatures by up to 2°C, rather than changes in trophic state or fishing effort, have restructured the pelagic food web of a large European lake (Lake Maggiore, Italy). Our approach exploited abundance and biomass data collected weekly to yearly across five trophic levels from 1981 to 2008. Temperature generally had stronger effects on taxa than changes in fish predation or trophic state mediated through primary productivity. Consequently, we found that, as the lake warmed, the food web shifted in numerical abundance towards predators occupying middle trophic positions. Of these taxa, the spiny water flea (Bythotrephes longimanus) most prospered. Bythotrephes strongly limited abundances of the keystone grazer Daphnia, strengthening top‐down structuring of the food web. Warmer temperatures partly restructured the food web by advancing peak Bythotrephes densities by approximately 60 days and extending periods of positive population growth by three times. Nonetheless, our results suggested that advances in the timing and size of peak Bythotrephes densities could not outpace changes in the timing and size of peak densities in their Daphnia prey. Our results provide rare evidence from nature as to how long‐term warming can favour higher trophic levels, with the potential to strengthen top‐down control of food webs.
Implicit feminist solidarity(ies)? The role of gender in the social movements of the Greek crisis
Authors: Kouki Hara , Chatzidakis Andreas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article explores the role of gender in the social movements of the Greek crisis. Building on extensive fieldwork, we observe a gradual shift from claim‐based, street mobilizations to locally embedded solidarity initiatives that addressed social reproduction needs in relation to food, health, education, and housing. We illustrate how this foregrounded social reproductive practices; challenged traditional divisions of labor and the temporalities and spatialities of movement organizing; and brought forward the value of building intersectional coalitions and of embracing affect and radical care. Despite the lack of explicitly articulated feminist values and principles, we argue that many social movements of the crisis therefore have cultivated situated and implicit modes of feminist solidarity that warrant further attention. Accordingly, we discuss the implications for feminist organizing and radical social movements more broadly.
Women and girls with haemophilia: Lessons learned
Authors: d'Oiron Roseline , O'Brien Sarah , James Andra H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSevere and moderate factor VIII (FVIII) or IX (FIX) deficiencies in female carriers of haemophilia are rarely observed, but mild deficiency is quite frequent, although insufficiently recognized and registered. The confusion between the genetic diagnosis of the carriership, mainly assessed at adult age and the diagnosis of the bleeding disorder for those who have low factor levels often prevents early diagnosis of a potential bleeding risk. The factor levels in obligate or potential carriers of haemophilia can be assessed during childhood, possibly apart from genetic assays. The absence of early recognition of the bleeding disorder precludes the anticipation of menarche and the prevention of potential heavy menstrual bleeding to heavy menstrual bleeding. Standardized bleeding assessment tools (BAT) have demonstrated that women and girls with haemophilia (WGWH) have increased bleeding scores as compared to the general female population, however weakly correlating with factor levels. More recent evidence has highlighted that hemarthroses affect 4% to 19% of carriers and that some of them could experience sub‐clinical joint bleeding. Desmopressin for women with FVIII deficiency and abnormal ISTH‐BAT scores had a significantly lower FVIII response to DDAVP compared to those with normal bleeding scores, which could at least partially explain more postsurgical bleeding. Management of delivery of haemophilia carriers requires attention to the risks of maternal bleeding, the risks of foetal bleeding, preconception and prenatal care, strategies to reduce maternal bleeding, choice of mode of delivery to reduce foetal/neonatal bleeding, and postpartum care. Either prior to pregnancy, or during early pregnancy, a plan should be developed that addresses the needs of both the mother and her unborn baby. If the unborn baby is a male proven to be or potentially affected by moderate or severe form of haemophilia, there is a risk of severe foetal bleeding, so a planned caesarean delivery may be preferred. If the unborn baby is a carrier, or potentially affected carrier, there is still the risk of non‐severe bleeding so invasive foetal procedures and operative vaginal delivery (forceps or vacuum) should be avoided. Further studies based on large cohorts will help the community to favour earlier diagnosis, increase knowledge on WGWH and promote better care.
Medication‐specific variations in morphological patterns of injury in immune check‐point inhibitor‐associated colitis
Authors: Isidro Raymond A , Ruan Alex B , Gannarapu Swetha , Raj Dhanya , Rahma Osama , Grover Shilpa , Srivastava Amitabh 
Published: September 2020

AimsA varied spectrum of histopathological changes has been associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) colitis. This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of different histopathological patterns of injury in patients with ICI colitis and their association with specific immune check‐point inhibitors.Methods and resultsBiopsies from patients with clinically and histologically confirmed ICI colitis were reviewed blindly to determine the predominant pattern of injury and to quantitate discrete histological parameters using the Geboes score. Paneth cell metaplasia, intraepithelial lymphocytes, abnormal subepithelial collagen and degree of crypt epithelial apoptosis was also recorded. A total of 86 patients with ICI colitis (ipilimumab, n = 14; ipilimumab + nivolumab, n = 29; nivolumab, n = 20 and pembrolizumab, n = 23) were included. The patterns of injury identified included diffuse active colitis (n = 22), chronic active colitis (n = 22), lymphocytic colitis (LC, n = 16), collagenous colitis (CC, n = 14), graft‐versus‐host disease‐like colitis (n = 7) and mixed colitis (n = 5). Patients on ipilimumab were more likely to have a diffuse active colitis pattern without features of chronicity (P < 0.01) and less likely to have LC (P < 0.05) compared to other ICIs. LC and CC were more common in patients on nivolumab and pembrolizumab relative to other groups (P < 0.05). Chronic active colitis was most frequent in nivolumab patients (P < 0.05), and these patients had received more ICI doses and had been on ICI treatment longer compared to other treatment groups.ConclusionsICI colitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of all the common inflammatory patterns of colitis and shows medication specific differences in patterns of injury.
Petrogenesis and geodynamic implications of the late Triassic bojites in Yajiangqiao area, Hunan Province, South China
Authors: Yu Yushuai , Dai Pingyun , Zhou Yun , Xie Fei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe mafic igneous activities in the late Triassic play an important role in the tectonic evolution of the South China Block (SCB). In this paper, relevant data of the bojites in Yajiangqiao area, eastern Hunan Province, South China were provided, including zircon U–Pb ages, whole‐rock geochemical data, Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic data, and zircon Hf isotope data. These data indicate that the bojites were crystallized at ~ 215.7 Ma, and thus are coeval with biotite monzonitic granites of Yajiangqiao pluton. The bojite samples feature a low SiO2 content of 48.84–49.94 wt%, a low ALK (K2O + Na2O) content of 5.13–6.13 wt%, a relatively high Al2O3 content of 17.64–21.22 wt%, a moderate MgO content of 4.32–7.07 wt%, and a moderate FeOT content of 5.66–7.33 wt%. In addition, the samples have a total rare earth element (REE) content of 108–163 ppm. They display right‐declined REE patterns, enriched in light rare earth elements and large‐ion lithophile elements (such as Rb, K, Th, and U) and depleted in high field strength elements (such as Nb, Ta, P, and Ti). All the samples have homogeneous Sr–Nd–Pb and zircon Hf isotopic compositions, with the (87Sr/86Sr)i ratio varying from 0.708 202 to 0.709 515, (143Nd/144Nd)i ratio from 0.512 156 to 0.512 229, (206Pb/204Pb)t ratio from 18.185 to 18.264, (207Pb/204Pb)t ratio from 15.667 to 15.672, (208Pb/204Pb)t ratio from 38.510 to 38.587, and initial 176Hf/177Hf ratio ranging from 0.282 428 to 0.282 530. Meanwhile, the calculated εNd(t) and εHf(t) values range from −4.0 to −2.6 and from −7.9 to −4.1, respectively, with two‐stage Nd model ages of 1.20–1.32 Ga and two‐stage Hf model ages of 1.35–1.56 Ga, respectively. As indicated by geochemical data, the primitive magmas of the bojites in Yajiangqiao area were derived from lithospheric mantle in post‐collisional extensional environment, which underwent low‐degree partial melting (1–5 %) of spinel‐garnet lherzolites (spinel > garnet) and was subjected to metasomatism of slab‐derived fluids. Furthermore, it can be concluded from these data and previous data that the SCB was transformed from syn‐collisional compression to post‐collisional extension in the late Triassic (~ 234 Ma) and the post‐collisional extension lasted until 215 Ma.
Comparison of genetic patterns between European and Asian populations of an endangered butterfly species
Authors: Śliwińska Ewa B. , Martyka Rafał , Woyciechowski MichaŁ , Blinov Alexander , Nowicki Piotr , Stettmer Christian , Kajzer‐Bonk Joanna , Witek Magdalena , Bräu Markus , Gros Patrick , MÜhlenberg Michael , Slowik Jolanta , Tryjanowski Piotr , Settele Josef 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Less transformed and managed grassland habitats in Asia serve as a good frame of reference for studies on demographics and ecological situations of grassland species in Europe. In this study, using AFLPs (transposon insertion display), we compared the genetic structures of populations of the endangered and highly specialised scarce large blue (Phengaris teleius, Bergsträsser, 1779) butterfly from Europe (Germany, Poland, and Ukraine) and Asia (Siberia and Mongolia).
There are no differences in levels of intra‐population genetic variability between European and Asian P. teleius populations. Nevertheless, we found significantly higher genetic differentiation (wider scattering) among European populations than among Asian populations. All examined Eurasian populations were admixed, except for those from the Bavarian region (Germany) where an atypical genetic structure was observed for P. teleius. Individual membership probabilities to a population were higher and more variable among European populations than among Asian populations. Comparison of genetic spatial structures revealed an isolation‐by‐distance effect in both European and Asian populations. Genetic autocorrelation analysis showed that significant dissimilarity among individuals first appeared at a distance of 1800 km at Asian sites, but at only 400 km at European sites.
The observed P. teleius genetic structure reveals substantial differences in the quality of connectivity among European and Asian populations, which favour Asian populations. It suggests that differences between European and Asian P. teleius population genetic structures have the origin in differences in habitat structures, emphasising the impact of habitat fragmentation on animal movement in Europe.
Survey of dental hygienists' and dental hygienist students' attitudes towards body identification tasks of unidentified human remains
Authors: Ishikawa Noboru , Yamasawa Miku , Kitamura Kei , Kuroda Hidetaka , Yamamoto Hitoshi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveDental findings are used to identify unidentified human remains. The post‐mortem records, necessary for the appraisal of dental findings, are created by the dentist; however, a system for dental hygienists specializing in these tasks to utilize has not yet been considered.MethodsThis study was directed at both students at a dental hygienist school and dental hygienists. We conducted an awareness survey on their willingness to participate in these tasks, as well as the need for education regarding body identification tasks.ResultsThe results showed that students and dental hygienists are highly interested in body identification tasks and highly motivated to participate. Numerous participants preferred to take courses regarding basic knowledge in both lecture and practical training settings to acquire the knowledge necessary for performing these tasks.ConclusionsIt is necessary to consider the curriculum content and timing of lectures and practices related to body identification tasks. Participation limited to the creation of post‐mortem records, except for the creation of antemortem records requiring diagnosis and treatment knowledge and the matching task of antemortem records and post‐mortem records, should be considered to prevent the tasks of dental hygienists from excessively expanding. If dental hygienists train properly, intraoral findings records can be drawn up by a team consisting of 1 dentist and 1 dental hygienist. Therefore, it is expected that the use of forensic dental identification, which is a relatively quick identification method, will be further improved.
Prevalence of myths regarding oral health among pregnant women in North India
Authors: Jain Lokesh , Juneja Ruchi , Kansal Richa , Kumar Varun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo study the prevalence of myths regarding oral health care in pregnant women in North Indian population.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study used a self‐administered closed‐ended questionnaire to assess oral healthcare related beliefs and practices in 400 pregnant women who reported for prenatal checkup in a tertiary healthcare centre in North India. The questionnaire included questions to elicit information on socio‐demographic factors, beliefs and practices of oral hygiene during pregnancy, attitude towards dental problems occurring during pregnancy and the reasons associated with a specific belief. Prevalence of various myths was observed, and its associations with various socio‐demographic factors, adverse pregnancy outcomes and dental symptoms were analysed.Results84.2% of the respondents harboured at least one oral healthcare related myth. 63.4% of respondents deferred brushing for many days after delivery. 36.6% of respondents avoided consumption of hot/cold food and drinks during pregnancy due to fear of tooth loss. 24.5% of respondents believed local anaesthesia could affect baby's developing organs, and 21.8% of the studied population believed tooth extraction might cause miscarriage. Females possessing more myths were more likely to experience severe oral health problems during pregnancy. Education was depicted as a significant negative predictor of the prevalence of myths. No significant correlation between myths prevalence and history of adverse pregnancy outcomes was found.ConclusionNeglect of oral health due to myths about oral hygiene practices and dental treatment during pregnancy is a serious concern. A very high prevalence of these myths is an obstacle to goal of optimal maternal and child health.