bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of multi-stage modification on the performance of Savonius water turbines under the horizontal axis condition
Authors: Mahesa Prabowoputra Dandun , Hadi Syamsul , Sohn Jung Min , Prabowo Aditya Rio 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Indonesia has the abundant potential of hydropower but not yet processed optimally, which intensely depends on fossil fuel. Hydropower installed in Indonesia is only 11,272 MW, from the estimated potential approximately 94,476 MW. This data shows that 89% of the hydropower potential in Indonesia has not been processed. One of the present efforts to utilize this resource is addressed to develop the Savonius water turbine. Conventional water Savonius turbines have a comprehensible structure and easy to be applied. However, the turbines produce relatively small power, which requires further assessment to improve its performance. The current study is performed by considering geometric changes on the water Savonius turbine to observe their effect on power characteristics. Considered changes are made on the number of stages, and the angle between stages, specifically a single-stage, two-stage 0°, Two-stage 90°, three-stage 0°, and three Stage 120°. The research was carried out by designing simulation model using ANSYS software with CFX Solver. Water speed is determined to 0.8 m/s, while plates with 110 mm in diameter and 110 mm in height are incorporated as rotor configuration. Based on this study, it can be concluded that the addition of the stage affected improving the performance of the Savonius water turbine, where the multi-stage turbine experienced an increment compared to conventional water turbines. The interesting tendency was found on the two-stage rotors with angle of 0° which produced a smaller Cpmax compared to the conventional water Savonius turbines.
»Kein Patent auf Leben«!?
Authors: Gantner Gösta , Klein Wolfgang-Michael 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungIn den vergangenen drei Jahrzehnten hat sich die Bedeutung von Patenten in den Lebenswissenschaften grundlegend verändert. Analog zum rasanten Anstieg von Biopatentanmeldungen und deren ökonomischer Relevanz formierte sich der Protest gegen sog. „Patente auf Leben“. Ethische Argumente gewannen zunehmend Einfluss in den Debatten zwischen Gegner*innen und Befürworter*innen eines umfangreichen Patentschutzes biotechnologischer Innovationen und beförderten den gesellschaftlichen Diskurs um die Legitimität von Biopatenten. Am Beispiel dieser Kontroverse wird die Professionalisierung zivilgesellschaftlicher Initiativen und Akteure als zentrales Erfolgskriterium dargestellt. Hierdurch konnten politische Parteien, Vertreter*innen aus Medien und Behörden und letztlich eine breitere Öffentlichkeit für die Argumente der Kritiker*innen sensibilisiert werden. Damit wurde das Patentrecht auch politisch relevant. An dieser Ethisierung und Politisierung waren Greenpeace und viele weitere Gruppierungen maßgeblich beteiligt.
Stable numerical methods for determination of the molecular clusters force fields
Authors: Kuramshina Gulnara M. , Zakharov Alexander A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The inverse problem of molecular force fields calculation is considered within the theory of regularization.
In our strategy, we choose the stabilizing matrix

F
0

F^{0}

as a result of quantum mechanical calculations.
The solution of the inverse problem is finding a matrix 𝐹 which is the nearest by the chosen Euclidean norm to the given ab initio

F
0

F^{0}

.
The optimized solution is referred to as regularized quantum mechanical force field (RQMFF).
Regularizing algorithms of molecular force fields calculation based on the joint treatment of experimental and ab initio quantum mechanical data have been applied to the calculations of molecular force fields (matrices of force constants) for small water clusters (H2O)𝑛 (

n
=

2
,
3

n=2,3

).
Impact of parental origin of X-chromosome on clinical and biochemical profile in Turner syndrome
Authors: Malhotra Rakhi , Shukla Rashmi , Kabra Madhulika , Gupta Yashdeep , Jyotsna Viveka P. , Khadgawat Rajesh 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate if the parental origin of X-chromosome has an impact on the phenotype and biochemical profile in Turner syndrome (TS). Result of the previous studies have been equivocal and could be attributable to the multicentric study design with different experts examining heterogeneous TS population of various ethnic background.

Methods
A cross-sectional single center study from Northern India. Fifty nine diagnosed subjects of TS and their parents participated in the study. Parental origin of intact X-chromosome was determined using 12 highly polymorphic short tandem repeats (STR) on X-chromosome. For the evaluation of parent-of-origin effects, typical phenotypic traits including congenital malformations, anthropometry, body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and biochemical profile were compared. Clinical stigmata of TS in all subjects were examined by a single expert.

Results
The intact X-chromosome was of maternal origin (Xm) in 49.1% subjects while 50.9% had paternal origin (Xp). Skeletal anomalies were more common in Xm group, out of which prevalence of short neck and short fourth metatarsal reached statistical significance (p=0.04 and 0.01 respectively). A strong correlation was observed between subject’s baseline height standard deviation score (Ht SDS) and paternal height (r=0.593, p<0.001), maternal height (r=0.564, p<0.001) and mid-parental height (MPH) (r=0.372, p=0.047) in Xp group. This effect was not seen in Xm subjects whose baseline Ht SDS showed no significant correlation with maternal height, paternal height or MPH. No differences were detected between the groups with regard to biochemical profile or body composition.

Conclusions
We speculate that the differences in skeletal anomalies and height correlations between Xm and Xp groups could be due to the modifying effect of epigenetic signature on short stature homeobox (SHOX) gene of Xm. SHOX gene is not modified on Xp thereby explaining the paucity of skeletal changes and height correlations in Xp subjects.
Timing and regimen of puberty induction in children with hypogonadism: a survey on the practice in Arab countries
Authors: Hamza Rasha Tarif , Deeb Asma , Al Saffar Hussain , Alani Sarah Hussein , Habeb Abdelhadi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
There are some variations in the practice of puberty induction between different regions; however, data from Arab countries are lacking. We aimed to survey the practice of pediatric endocrinologists in Arab countries on the timing and regimen for puberty induction in girls and boys with hypogonadism.

Methods
An online questionnaire was emailed to physicians registered in the Arab Society for Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes.

Results
In total, 106 replies from 17 countries were received. In non Turner syndrome (TS) girls, puberty was induced by 49.4% of participants at 12–13 years and by 32.5% at ≥14 years. Ethinyl estradiol and conjugated estrogen were the most popular preparations used (29.7 and 16.6%, respectively). Of the participants, 60% introduce progesterone either at 2–3 years after starting estrogen or following a significant breakthrough bleeding on estrogen. In girls with TS, 84.2% of participants prescribed estrogen to those aged 11 years and older (51.5% at 11–12 years) and 5.3% prescribed it to those at the prepubertal age. In boys, 57.3% of participants induce at ≥14 years, 80.6% use intramuscular testosterone and 46.5% start with 50 mg/kg/month. Human chorionic gonadotropin is more used in non-Gulf Arab countries (18.2 vs. 2.9%; p 0.036) with a trend of using oral testosterone undecanoate in Gulf states (12.2 vs. 2.0%; p 0.051).

Conclusions
We describe the approach to puberty induction in boys and girls among pediatric endocrinologists in Arab countries. The observed variation in practice would be useful in developing regional consensus guidelines on puberty induction in children with hypogonadism.
Occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spores in soils of some legumes and their response to varying concentrations of phosphorus application
Authors: Alori Elizabeth Temitope , Fawole Oluyemisi Bolajoko , Akanji Medinat Olaitan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A potted experiment arranged in a 5 × 3 factorial in a randomized complete block design was undertaken to investigate the occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the soil of five leguminous plants: Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth, Centrosema pascuorum Martius ex Benth, Crotalaria ochroleuca G. Don, Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet and Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. The effects of varying phosphorus concentrations (P0) (0 kg/ha of single superphosphate), P1 (100 kg/ha of single superphosphate) and P2 (200 kg/ha of single superphosphate) on the population of AMF spores under these legumes were also carried out. The AMF spores in soil samples were extracted at 19 weeks after planting, using the wet sieving and decanting method, and enumerated with the aid of a stereoscopic microscope. Spores of different species of genera Glomus and Gigaspora were encountered in the soils of the five leguminous plants. Spores of Glomus species predominated while the spores of Gigaspora species were found in lower numbers. The total AMF population was significantly affected by legume species (p ≤ 0.05). The total AMF spore counts were higher in the soils of Mucuna pruriens and Crotolaria ochroleuca (p ≤ 0.05). The populations of Glomus mossae in soils decreased with increasing level of applied phosphorus (p ≤ 0.05). A positive correlation was recorded between the total AMF spores, the predominant AMF spores and soil pH, while the organic matter content and the available phosphorus were negatively correlated with both the total AM spores and the predominant AMF spores.
Interleukin-27 levels in patients with myasthenia gravis
Authors: Liu Xiao-Jiao , Zhang Lin-Jie , Yi Ming , Li Li-Min , Wang Jing , Qi Yuan , Zhao Peng , Zhang Da-Qi , Yang Li 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Interleukin-27 (IL-27), which belongs to IL-12 family, influences the function of T cells (Tregs) through regulating the expression, and function of forkhead box P3 (FoxP3). In this study, we detected the IL-27 serum levels in 59 myasthenia gravis (MG) patients and 35 healthy controls (HCs). Among them, 32 MG patients received immunoglobulin intravenous (IVIG) injections (0.4 g/kg per day for 5 consecutive days). IL-27 levels were collected before and after the treatments and subjected to a comparative study. Finally, we assessed the correlations of IL-27 levels with the clinical characteristics of MG. As a result, serum IL-27 levels were significantly higher in MG patients than those in the HCs. Meanwhile, significant reduction was detected after the IVIG treatment. IL-27 levels positively correlated with both MG activities of daily living and quantitative MG score. IL-27 may participate in the pathogenesis of MG and can be used as an early marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of MG. In addition, IL-27 can be used as a target for MG treatment through the regulation of specific immune signaling and maintaining immune homeostasis.
Direct Measurement of ΔK Transmitted to the Active Plastic Zone in Fatigue
Authors: Marci G. , Bachmann V. 
Published: September 2020

Fatigue crack growth rates are generally correlated to the excursion of the stress-intensity factor, ΔK The presently active plastic zone ahead of the crack does not experience the total excursion of the calculated stress intensity for low R-ratios. The lower part of ΔK, for loading conditions with R ≦ 0.35, is cut off due to the influence of the plastic wake zone. The result is the transmission of a reduced stress-intensity range, ΔKred, to the active plastic zone. It is shown that the lower limit of the stress-intensity range transmitted to the active plastic zone, namely KLL, is on the average 0.085 Kmax for the materials and fatigue conditions used. Microstructural features associated with the formation of shear-lips and small flaws in the plane-strain region of the specimen can cause a large rise of KLL.
By making some rough assumptions about the opening stress-intensity factor, Kop, it is shown that there must occur substantial excursions of compressive strains and stresses in the active plastic zone for cycles with low R-ratios.
Arguments are presented that show that the parameter KLL can explain the continuing retardation as a crack propagates through the plastic overload zone.
It is shown that the load to open or close a fatigue crack at certain positions behind the crack front decreases with increasing distance from the crack front.
A Fracture Mechanics Study on Resistance of ASTM A36, A572, and A517 Grade F Structural Steels to Stress-Corrosion Crack Growth in Salt Water
Authors: Novak S. R. 
Published: September 2020

The present study was conducted to evaluate the susceptibility of ASTM A36, A572, and A517 Grade F steels to stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) by using fatigue-pre-cracked specimens and principles of linear-elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM). Tests were conducted under total-immersion conditions in 3.5 percent sodium chloride (NaCl) solution maintained at + 22°C (+ 72°F) and pH ≅ 6.0. Single-edge-notched specimens were subjected to cantilever bending under conditions of constant dead-weight loading for test periods between 6000 and 16 000 h, or equivalently, between 8.5 months and nearly 2 years.
Results showed that these three steels exhibited a high relative fracture toughness level in air, KIx, and a high resistance to SCC as measured by the apparent level of SCC crack-growth threshold, “K*Iscc”; Each KIx and “K*Iscc” value corresponded to the application of either elastic-plastic or fully plastic stress levels that were well above the respective values of yield strength, σys.
These and earlier results, representing evaluation of eight different steels, demonstrate that structural steels in the strength range 210 to 900 MPa (30 to 130 ksi) are typically either immune or virtually immune to SCC crack growth in 3.5 percent NaCl solution. Such results were beyond the direct applicability of LEFM and were obtained despite the use of severe LEFM test conditions (sharp crack, high crack-tip stress, total immersion condition, and relatively long test durations).
Results of metallographic evaluation studies also are presented and discussed in relation to the tendency of various steels to exhibit crack extension (Δascc), crack-tip blunting, or transverse cracks or fissures or all three along the walls of the original machined notch and the original fatigue crack. Such metallographic examinations were conducted on steels from both the present and earlier studies. All such evaluations relate specifically to specimens at initial stress-intensity values, KIj, that were either at or below the respective SCC stress-intensity threshold, “K*Iscc,” for each steel.
The significance of these SCC results is discussed in relation to the generally more realistic conditions of cyclic loading (corrosion fatigue behavior) that often arc the controlling factors in the determination of useful structural life for components subjected to long-term environmental service.
Effect of Through-the-Thickness Stress Distribution upon Crack Growth Behavior in a Nickel-Base Superalloy
Authors: Ashbaugh N. E. 
Published: September 2020

The object of this investigation was to determine the principal parameters which affect crack growth at elevated temperatures and under sustained loads. These results provide a better understanding for the development of crack growth models which improve the capability of predicting crack growth in materials which are used under extreme operating conditions such as those produced in gas turbine engines.
Crack growth behavior was investigated in a nickel-base superalloy (!NH)()) at 732°C in laboratory air under sustained load. The tests were conducted on side-grooved compact-type specimens. One of the purposes of the study was to evaluate the effect of the through-the-thickness stress distribution upon crack growth behavior in grooved specimens. Also in this study the effects of crack orientation and net thickness between the side grooves were evaluated.
The crack growth rates as a function of stress-intensity factor showed a slight dependence upon thickness and were independent of crack orientation. Also, the rates at the same stress-intensity level in the grooved specimens were faster than the rates in the smooth specimens, which indicated that the “plane-stress region” near the sides of the smooth specimen tends to retard the crack growth in the interior of the specimen. A model for the crack growth rates as a function of stress-intensity factor is presented. The model incorporates the dependence of growth rates upon initial loading conditions, and the effect of thickness and prior loading history can be taken into account in the model. The effect of overload ratios also is discussed.
Evolved Differences in cis and trans Regulation Between the Maternal and Zygotic mRNA Complements in the Drosophila Embryo
Authors: Cartwright Emily L , Lott Susan E 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The critical processes of early development require gene products that mothers deposit into eggs, before the zygotic genome is transcriptionally activated. Here, Cartwright and Lott determine that patterns of gene regulatory evolution differ for transcripts .....
The concept of buying-shopping disorder: Comparing latent classes with a diagnostic approach for in-store and online shopping in a representative sample in Switzerland
Authors: Augsburger Mareike , Wenger Andreas , Haug Severin , Achab Sophia , Khazaal Yasser , Billieux Joël , Schaub Michael P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsBuying-shopping disorder and its transferability to the online sector is controversial. This study investigates in-store and online shopping patterns by comparing data-based modeling to a diagnostic cut-off approach. Further aims were to test model equivalence for gender and identify socio-demographic risk factors.MethodsIn a representative survey, the Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale (BSAS) was applied, using both an online and in-store version. Latent class analyses were followed by multinomial logistic regression analyses to investigate socio-demographic variables. Measurement invariance across genders was tested with multi-group comparisons.ResultsWith N = 1,012, 3-class solutions provided the best model fit for both in-store and online shopping. Most individuals (76, 86%) were grouped in non-addicted classes, followed by risky (21, 11%) and addicted classes (both 3%). Twenty-eight percent of individuals in the online addicted shopping class remained unidentified using the cut-off. For online shopping, only lower age and education differentiated classes significantly.DiscussionResults indicate a close link between online and in-store shopping, albeit with distinguishing features. The cut-off yielded findings discrepant from class probabilities. That buying-shopping disorder mainly affects younger women of lower educational level must be questioned, given the limited associations identified.ConclusionsIt is important not only to consider different settings of pathological shopping, but also to focus on groups that may not have appeared at risk in previous investigations (e.g., men, older age). The BSAS cut-off warrants further research.
Betegségreprezentáció és érzelmi állapot kapcsolata lymphomás betegeknél
Authors: Vincze Ágnes , Megyeri Andrea , Losonczi Antónia , Pintér Éva , Nagy Zsolt , Demeter Judit 
Published: September 2020

Absztrakt:
Bevezetés: A betegségnek jelentést adó reprezentációs keret
azonosítása alapvető ahhoz, hogy megértsük a betegek eltérő viselkedését;
csoportos felmérése azonban számos kihívást tartogat. Megbízható,
betegségspecifikus mérőeszközök hiányában a betegségreprezentációról a
betegségnarratíva központi metaforája mentén is képet kaphatunk.
Célkitűzés: Pilotvizsgálatunk célja lyphomával élő betegek
betegségnarratíváinak feldolgozása, az ezekben fellelhető metaforák
csoportosítása, illetve annak felmérése, hogy az egyes metaforák megjelenése
mellett milyen érzelmi állapot azonosítható. Módszer:
Kvalitatív adatgyűjtésünk félig strukturált interjúhelyzetben történt. A
metaforák, illetve más értelemadó keret megjelenését és csoportosítását 2
független megítélő végezte. A betegek emellett 10 fokú vizuális-analóg skálán
értékelték azt, hogy a beszámolójuk mennyire volt érzelmi szempontból felkavaró.
Statisztikai analízis: A kvantifikált adatokat
egyszempontos varianciaanalízis segítségével elemeztük.
Eredmények: Vizsgálatunkban 27 lymphomával élő beteg vett
részt. A beszámolók 40,7%-ában volt metafora azonosítható, amelyből 29,6%
„harc”, 11,1% „út” metafora kategóriába sorolható. A „harc” metafora mellett
olyan mértékben jelentek meg intenzív érzelmek, mint abban az esetben, amikor a
személy számára nem volt előhívható semmilyen értelemadó keret, amire a helyzete
értelmezésében támaszkodhatna. Következtetések: A vizsgált
lyphomás betegeknél a daganatos betegségekben jellemző metaforák jelentek meg. A
„harc”-cal kapcsolatos metaforák a biológiai működés leírásában is alapvetők,
meghatározzák a közgondolkodást. Krónikus betegségekben a „harc”-os metaforák a
betegséggel való szembesülés kezdeti időszakát követően kevésbé kidolgozott
betegségreprezentációra utalhatnak, ami intenzívebb érzelmi állapottal jár.
Vizsgálatunk megerősíti a feltevést, miszerint a reprezentáció befolyásolásával
lehetőség nyílhat a betegséggel együtt járó érzelmi állapot módosítására. A
fogalomkör meghatározott betegcsoporton belüli pontosabb megértése elvezethet
specifikus, betegségreprezentációt mérő eszköz kidolgozásához.
Regional Earthquake Magnitude Conversion Relations for the Himalayan Seismic Belt
Authors: Kumar Rajiv , Yadav Ram Bichar Singh , Castellaro Silvia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe present regional earthquake magnitude conversion relations among different magnitude scales (Mw, Ms, mb, ML, and MD) for the Himalayan seismic belt developed from data of local, regional, and international seismological agencies (International Seismological Centre [ISC], National Earthquake Information Centre [NEIC], Global Centroid Moment Tensor Solution [CMT], International Data Centre [IDC], China Earthquake Administration [BJI], and National Centre for Seismology [NDI]). The intra- (within the same magnitude scale) and inter- (with different magnitude scales) magnitude regression relations have been established using the general orthogonal regression and orthogonal distance regression techniques. Results show that the intra-magnitude relations for Mw, Ms, and mb reported by the Global CMT, ISC, and NEIC exhibit 1:1 relationships, whereas ML reported by the IDC, BJI, and NDI deviates from this relationship. The IDC underestimates Ms and mb compared with the ISC, NEIC, and Global CMT; this may be due to different measurement procedures adopted by the IDC agency. The inter-magnitude relations are established between Mw,Global CMT and Ms, mb, and ML reported by the ISC, NEIC, IDC, and NDI, and compared with the previously developed regional and global regression relations. The duration (MD) and local (ML) magnitudes reported by NDI exhibit a 1:1 relationship. The derived magnitude regression relations are expected to support the homogenization of the earthquake catalogs and to improve seismic hazard assessment in this region.
The Role of Poetry in Liszt's Piano Music — Take Petrarch Sonnet 104 as an Example
Authors: Wang Lei 
Published: September 2020

<p align="justify">Taking Liszt's Petrarch Sonnet 104 as an example, the role of poetry in Liszt's piano music was explored from the perspective of music itself. It was summarized in the following three aspects: firstly, poetry makes music content clear and provides music theme; secondly, poetry makes the form and structure in music clear; thirdly, the poem inspires inspiration, and its emotion and artistic conception sublimate the emotion and artistic conception of music works.</p>