bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thin-shell wormholes in AdS5 and string dioptrics
Authors: Chernicoff Mariano , García Edel , Giribet Gaston , de Celis Emilio Rubín 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We consider string probes in a traversable wormhole geometry that connects two locally AdS5 asymptotic regions. Holographically, this describes two interacting copies of a 4-dimensional gauge theory. We consider string configurations whose endpoints are located either in the same boundary or in the two different boundaries of the wormhole. A string with both endpoints in the same boundary is dual to a quark-antiquark pair charged under the same gauge field, while a string extending through the wormhole describes a pair of colored particles charged under two different gauge fields. When one considers a quark-antiquark pair in each boundary, the system undergoes a phase transition: while for small separation each pair of charges exhibits Coulomb interaction, for large separation the charges in different field theories pair up. This behavior had previously been observed in other geometric realizations such as locally AdS5 wormhole solutions with hyperbolic throats. The geometries we consider here, in contrast, are stable thin-shell wormholes with flat codimension-one hypersurfaces at fixed radial coordinate. They appear as electrovacuum solutions of higher-curvature gravity theories coupled to Abelian gauge fields. The presence of the thin-shells produces a refraction of the string configurations in the bulk, leading to the presence of cusps in the phase space diagram. We discuss these and other features of the phase diagram, including the analogies and difference with other wormhole solutions considered in related contexts.
Ekeland’s variational principle in weak and strong systems of arithmetic
Authors: Fernández-Duque David , Shafer Paul , Yokoyama Keita 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe analyze Ekeland’s variational principle in the context of reverse mathematics. We find that that the full variational principle is equivalent to $$\Pi ^1_1\text{- }\mathsf {CA}_0$$

Π
1
1

-

CA
0

, a strong theory of second-order arithmetic, while natural restrictions (e.g. to compact spaces or to continuous functions) yield statements equivalent to weak König’s lemma ($$\mathsf {WKL}_0$$

WKL
0

) and to arithmetical comprehension ($$\mathsf {ACA}_0$$

ACA
0

). We also find that the localized version of Ekeland’s variational principle is equivalent to $$\Pi ^1_1\text{- }\mathsf {CA}_0$$

Π
1
1

-

CA
0

, even when restricted to continuous functions. This is a rare example of a statement about continuous functions having great logical strength.
Sea-state contributions to sea-level variability in the European Seas
Authors: Bonaduce Antonio , Staneva Joanna , Grayek Sebastian , Bidlot Jean-Raymond , Breivik Øyvind 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe contribution of sea-state-induced processes to sea-level variability is investigated through ocean-wave coupled simulations. These experiments are performed with a high-resolution configuration of the Geestacht COAstal model SysTem (GCOAST), implemented in the Northeast Atlantic, the North Sea and the Baltic Sea which are considered as connected basins. The GCOAST system accounts for wave-ocean interactions and the ocean circulation relies on the NEMO (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean) ocean model, while ocean-wave simulations are performed using the spectral wave model WAM. The objective is to demonstrate the contribution of wave-induced processes to sea level at different temporal and spatial scales of variability. When comparing the ocean-wave coupled experiment with in situ data, a significant reduction of the errors (up to 40% in the North Sea) is observed, compared with the reference. Spectral analysis shows that the reduction of the errors is mainly due to an improved representation of sea-level variability at temporal scales up to 12 h. Investigating the representation of sea-level extremes in the experiments, significant contributions (> 20%) due to wave-induced processes are observed both over continental shelf areas and in the Atlantic, associated with different patterns of variability. Sensitivity experiments to the impact of the different wave-induced processes show a major impact of wave-modified surface stress over the shelf areas in the North Sea and in the Baltic Sea. In the Atlantic, the signature of wave-induced processes is driven by the interaction of wave-modified momentum flux and turbulent mixing, and it shows its impact to the occurrence of mesoscale features of the ocean circulation. Wave-induced energy fluxes also have a role (10%) in the modulation of surge at the shelf break.
Effect of model calibration strategy on climate projections of hydrological indicators at a continental scale
Authors: Hundecha Yeshewatesfa , Arheimer Berit , Berg Peter , Capell René , Musuuza Jude , Pechlivanidis Ilias , Photiadou Christiana 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe effect of model calibration on the projection of climate change impact on hydrological indicators was assessed by employing variants of a pan-European hydrological model driven by forcing data from an ensemble of climate models. The hydrological model was calibrated using three approaches: calibration at the outlets of major river basins, regionalization through calibration of smaller scale catchments with unique catchment characteristics, and building a model ensemble by sampling model parameters from the regionalized model. The large-scale patterns of the change signals projected by all model variants were found to be similar for the different indicators. Catchment scale differences were observed between the projections of the model calibrated for the major river basins and the other two model variants. The distributions of the median change signals projected by the ensemble model were found to be similar to the distributions of the change signals projected by the regionalized model for all hydrological indicators. The study highlights that the spatial detail to which model calibration is performed can highly influence the catchment scale detail in the projection of climate change impact on hydrological indicators, with an absolute difference in the projections of the locally calibrated model and the model calibrated for the major river basins ranging between 0 and 55% for mean annual discharge, while it has little effect on the large-scale pattern of the projection.
Role of Non-coding RNAs in Fungal Pathogenesis and Antifungal Drug Responses
Authors: Dhingra Sourabh 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including regulatory small RNAs (sRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), constitute a significant part of eukaryotic genomes; however, their roles in fungi are just starting to emerge. ncRNAs have been shown to regulate gene expression in response to varying environmental conditions (like stress) and response to chemicals, including antifungal drugs. In this review, I highlighted recent studies focusing on the functional roles of ncRNAs in pathogenic fungi.

Recent Findings
Emerging evidence suggests sRNAs (small RNAs) and lncRNAs (long non-coding RNAs) play an important role in fungal pathogenesis and antifungal drug response. Their roles include posttranscriptional gene silencing, histone modification, and chromatin remodeling. Fungal pathogens utilize RNA interference (RNAi) mechanisms to regulate pathogenesis-related genes and can also transfer sRNAs inside the host to suppress host immunity genes to increase virulence. Hosts can also transfer sRNAs to induce RNAi in fungal pathogens to reduce virulence. Additionally, sRNAs and lncRNAs also regulate gene expression in response to antifungal drugs increasing resistance (and possibly tolerance) to drugs.

Summary
Herein, I discuss what is known about ncRNAs in fungal pathogenesis and antifungal drug responses. Advancements in genomic technologies will help identify the ncRNA repertoire in fungal pathogens, and functional studies will elucidate their mechanisms. This will advance our understanding of host-fungal interactions and potentially help develop better treatment strategies.
Facial Masculinity Increases Perceptions of Men’s Age, But Not Perceptions of Their Health: Data From an Arab Sample
Authors: Alharbi Sarah AH , Holzleitner Iris J , Lee Anthony J , Saribay S Adil , Jones Benedict C 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMasculine characteristics in men’s faces are often assumed to function as health cues. However, evidence for this assumption from empirical tests is mixed. For example, research on Western women’s face perceptions found that masculinized versions of men’s faces were perceived to be older, but not healthier, than feminized versions. Since research on this topic has focused on Western women’s face perceptions, we investigated the effects of masculinizing face images on Arab women’s perceptions of men’s health (study 1, N = 211) and age (study 2, N = 209). Arab women perceived masculinized versions of male face images to be older, but not healthier, than feminized versions. These results add to a growing body of evidence challenging the assumption that male facial masculinity functions primarily as a health cue.
Membrane Filtration Enhanced Hydrometallurgical Recovery Process of Indium from Waste LCD Panels
Authors: Lahti Jussi , Vazquez Sergio , Virolainen Sami , Mänttäri Mika , Kallioinen Mari 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Insufficient recycling of a continuously increasing amount of liquid crystal display (LCD) waste leads to the waste of potentially recyclable materials, especially rare and critical indium. Moreover, landfilling of LCD waste increases the potential for environmental risk. This paper describes a recycling process combining membrane filtration unit processes to hydrometallurgical indium recovery process. The LCD panels were crushed and leached with 1 M H2SO4. 97.4% yields on average were obtained, and a novel finding was made about fast kinetics (2 min for the maximum indium yield). Ultrafiltration was used to remove the dissolved organic material from the leachate, which was concentrated with nanofiltration before liquid–liquid extraction for indium purification. The results showed that commercial polymeric membranes removed more than 90% (from over 3000 mg/L to under 200 mg/L) of the dissolved organic compounds, thus potentially significantly diminishing the detriments caused by these compounds in the liquid–liquid extraction step. The concentration of the leachate with nanofiltration enables the use of smaller processing equipment and to save chemicals in the further steps of the process. The indium content in the leachate was more than five times higher after nanofiltration than after leaching (126 mg/L vs. 677 mg/L). In liquid–liquid extraction, the phase separation took place in only 34 s with the membrane-treated leachate, while with the untreated leachate it remained incomplete even after three hours. The purity of indium was increased from 10 to 74%. From the obtained HCl solution, a 95.5% pure indium product with 69.3% yield was obtained by cementation.

Graphical Abstract
Looking for a better future: modeling migrant mobility
Authors: Saa Isabella Loaiza , Novak Matej , Morales Alfredo J. , Pentland Alex 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMassive migrations have become increasingly prevalent over the last decades. A recent example is the Venezuelan migration crisis across South America, which particularly affects neighboring countries like Colombia. Creating an effective response to the crisis is a challenge for governments and international agencies, given the lack of information about migrants’ location, flows and behaviors within and across host countries. For this purpose it is crucial to map and understand geographic patterns of migration, including spatial mobility and dynamics over time. The aim of this paper is to uncover mobility and economic patterns of migrants that left Venezuela and migrated into Colombia due to the effects of the ongoing social, political and economic crisis. We analyze and compare the behavior of two types of migrants: Venezuelan refugees and Colombian nationals who used to live in Venezuela and return to their home country. We adapt the gravity model for human mobility in order to explain migrants’ dispersion across Colombia, and analyze patterns of economic integration. This study is a first attempt at analyzing and comparing two kinds of migrant populations in one destination country, providing unique insight into the processes of mobility and integration after migration.
Influence of ceramic properties on the ballistic performance of the hybrid ceramic–multi-layered UHMWPE composite armour
Authors: Fejdyś Marzena , Kośla Katarzyna , Kucharska-Jastrząbek Agnieszka , Łandwijt Marcin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe present research involves studies of the influence of the physico-mechanical properties of the ceramics on the ballistic resistance of the new concept of the hybrid, ceramic–multi-layered UHMWPE composite armour developed using SiC and Al2O3ceramics differing in thickness. Ballistic verification of new design of the ballistic composite armour was conducted in the scope of the protection against more than one shot (multi-hit) using 7.62 × 39 mm MSC and 5.56 × 45 mm SS109 ammunition. Tests of physico-mechanical properties, covering the determination of density, acoustic impedance, Young’s modulus, hardness, and resistance to brittle fracture, were conducted for the ceramic materials. Obtained results show that the ballistic behaviour of the testing system based on ceramic tiles being made of the same materials (SiC or Al2O3) of the different thicknesses does not directly correlate with the hardness, brittle fracturing, or Young’s modulus of ceramics. For ceramic plates of the same thickness being made of different materials in chemical terms, performed studies have shown that the ballistic resistance of the testing system does not only depend on acoustic impedance of ceramic plates, which should be as similar as possible to the acoustic impedance of the backing material in the ballistic armour, but also the resistance to brittle fracturingK1cis an important parameter of the ceramic plates entering the composition of the armour, and it should be as high as possible. Only the combination of these two properties yields the best ballistic protection of the armour when testing using the multi-hit procedure with the use of 7.62 × 39 mm MSC and 5.56 × 45 mm SS 109 ammunition.
Optimizing Pandemic Preparedness and Response Through Health Information Systems: Lessons Learned From Ebola to COVID-19
Authors: Lal Arush , Ashworth Henry C. , Dada Sara , Hoemeke Laura , Tambo Ernest 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTStrengthening health systems and maintaining essential service delivery during health emergencies response is critical for early detection and diagnosis, prompt treatment, and effective control of pandemics, including the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Health information systems (HIS) developed during recent Ebola outbreaks in West Africa and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) provided opportunities to collect, analyze, and distribute data to inform both day-to-day and long-term policy decisions on outbreak preparedness. As COVID-19 continues to sweep across the globe, HIS and related technological advancements remain vital for effective and sustained data sharing, contact tracing, mapping and monitoring, community risk sensitization and engagement, preventive education, and timely preparedness and response activities. In reviewing literature of how HIS could have further supported mitigation of these Ebola outbreaks and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, 3 key areas were identified: governance and coordination, health systems infrastructure and resources, and community engagement. In this concept study, we outline scalable HIS lessons from recent Ebola outbreaks and early COVID-19 responses along these 3 domains, synthesizing recommendations to offer clear, evidence-based approaches on how to leverage HIS to strengthen the current pandemic response and foster community health systems resilience moving forward.
CENTRAL SEQUENCES IN SUBHOMOGENEOUS UNITAL C*-ALGEBRAS
Authors: HADWIN DON , PENDHARKAR HEMANT 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSuppose that
$\mathcal {A}$
is a unital subhomogeneous C*-algebra. We show that every central sequence in
$\mathcal {A}$
is hypercentral if and only if every pointwise limit of a sequence of irreducible representations is multiplicity free. We also show that every central sequence in
$\mathcal {A}$
is trivial if and only if every pointwise limit of irreducible representations is irreducible. Finally, we give a nice representation of the latter algebras.
Hagiography as a Platform for Internal Catholic Debate in Early Modern Europe: Francisco de Ribera's La Vida de la Madre Teresa de Iesus (1590) and the Defense of a Contemplative Way Inside the Jesuit Order
Authors: Macías Facundo Sebastián 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBy the end of the sixteenth century, the Society of Jesus was redefining its ever-growing organization. Starting with the generals Mercurian and Acquaviva, the order attempted to leave behind the open spaces devoted to retired forms of prayer so as to put the full weight of the institution on its practical ministries. However, such an advance against contemplative prayer did not lack challenges. The present work aims to rescue a hardly studied critical prose in the midst of those changes: the case of the Spanish Jesuit Francisco de Ribera. This article suggests that Salamanca's professor used his words to defend contemplative prayer. For this purpose, he utilized a device of great scope in the Catholic universe during the Counter-Reformation: the hagiographic narrative. It is proposed here that the vita appears as a mechanism of dispute not only outside but also inside Roman Catholicism. In this sense, the hagiography was a platform of debate within the order. Far from being a purely repetitive text, Ribera's biography of the Castilian visionary and reformer Teresa of Ávila shows the exaltation of a form of prayer that he gladly projected to the group of all believers and especially to the Society of Jesus.
The procedure of theSection of Pieces of Areasin Li Ye and Yang Hui’s works: genealogy of diagrams and equations
Authors: Pollet Charlotte-V. 
Published: October 2020

ArgumentThe study of algebra in China has often focused on the algebraic “procedure of the Celestial Source.” Its geometrical ancestors are less known. TheYigu yanduan, authored by Li Ye (1192-1279), presents the procedure alongside its two geometrical counterparts, the “Section of Pieces [of Areas]” and the “Old Procedure.” The three procedures are known to represent three generations of algorithms used to set up quadratic equations. A similar geometrical procedure appears in a treatise written by Yang Hui (second half of thirteenth century). Although the procedures look alike at first glance, the two treatises reveal different moments in their work on the relation between counting materials and geometrical representation. This study challenges their chronology trying to identify the meander of the geometrical roots of the Celestial Source. The construction of negative coefficients plays a pivotal role in this mutation and shows several layers of composition.
Understanding the crisis of refugee law: Legal scholarship and the EU asylum system
Authors: Byrne Rosemary , Noll Gregor , Vedsted-Hansen Jens 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn 2015 Europe’s refugee protection crisis triggered the effective collapse of the world’s most complex regional framework for asylum. A development both unexpected and unexplained by the hierarchical model of European asylum law that tends to dominate the scholarly field. The abandonment among member states of core obligations under international and EU law and the principles of solidarity and good faith is central to this crisis. This dynamic has been in the making since the accession process when EU membership was offered in exchange for transposing international obligations through the EU asylum acquis, collectivizing external border control and shifting refugee ‘responsibility’ to new member states with minimal standards for refugee protection and weak enforcement mechanisms. Yet, the critical feature of this asylum crisis is its development into a European constitutional crisis, impacting freedom of movement, sincere co-operation, democracy, and the rule of law. A hierarchical model of law offers only a partial explanation of this interplay between refugee protection and European governance. A turn to the methodological debates in international law urges the repositioning of the lens of refugee legal scholarship, offering insights into the evolution towards crisis by looking at law from below against the backdrop of law in history, subregional law-making, and shifting power constellations. This process suggests that refugee law scholarship could benefit from widening its methodological canon by visiting its parent field of public international law.
A meta-analytic evaluation of sex differences in meningococcal disease incidence rates in 10 countries
Authors: Green Manfred S. , Schwartz Naama , Peer Victoria 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The magnitude and consistency of the sex differences in meningococcal disease incidence rates (IR) have not been systematically examined in different age groups, countries and time periods. We obtained national data on meningococcal disease IR by sex, age group and time period, from 10 countries. We used meta-analytic methods to combine the male to female incidence rate ratios (IRRs) by country and year for each age group. Meta-regression analysis was used to assess the contribution of age, country and time period to the variation in the IRRs. The pooled male to female IRRs (with 95% CI) for ages 0–1, 1–4, 5–9, 10–14 and 15–44, were 1.25 (1.19–1.32), 1.24 (1.20–1.29), 1.13 (1.07–1.20), 1.21 (1.13–1.29) and 1.15 (1.10–1.21), respectively. In the age groups 45−64 and over 65, the IR were lower in males with IRRs of 0.83 (0.78–0.88) and 0.64 (0.60–0.69), respectively. Sensitivity analysis and meta-regression confirmed that the results were robust. The excess meningococcal IR in young males and the higher rates in females at older ages were consistent in all countries, except the Czech Republic. While behavioural factors could explain some of the sex differences in the older age groups, the excess rates in very young males suggest that genetic and hormonal differences could be important.
Stop Burying the Lede: The Essential Role of Indigenous Law(s) in Creating Rights of Nature
Authors: O'Donnell Erin , Poelina Anne , Pelizzon Alessandro , Clark Cristy 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe rapid emergence of rights of Nature over the past decade across multiple contexts has fostered increasing awareness, recognition, and, ultimately, acceptance of rights of Nature by the global community. Yet, too often, both scholarly publications and news articles bury the lede – namely, that the most transformative cases of rights of Nature have been consistently influenced and often actually led by Indigenous peoples. In this article we explore the ontologies of rights of Nature and earth jurisprudence, and the intersections of these movements with the leadership of Indigenous peoples in claiming and giving effect to their own rights (while acknowledging that not all Indigenous peoples support rights of Nature). Based on early observations, we discern an emerging trend of increased efficacy, longevity, and transformative potential being linked to a strongly pluralist approach of lawmaking and environmental management. A truly transformative and pluralist ecological jurisprudence can be achieved only by enabling, and empowering, Indigenous leadership.