bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of carbon supporter on oxygen reduction reaction catalytic activity in proton exchange membrane fuel cell of bimetallic Pt-Ni nanoparticles electrocatalysts
Authors: Payattikul L , Kakaen W , Punyawudho K 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Platinum nanoparticles supported on carbon black (Pt/C) are widely used as the electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Nevertheless, the kinetics of the ORR or rate of reaction is relatively slow. Recently, researchers theoretically report that, the bimetallic platinum-nickel supported on carbon black (Pt-Ni/C) have extremely high ORR activities. Therefore, this work aims to synthesize Pt-Ni/C nanoparticles electrocatalysts for ORR via solid-state chemistry method (gas phase synthesis), which involved impregnation of metal precursors on supported carbon and reducing them in an environment of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2) gases mixture. The Pt-Ni nanoparticles were prepared with different carbon (i.e. Graphene, Vulcan XC-72R and Ketjen black). The ORR activities and durability of these electrocatalysts were examined by voltammetry technique, which consisted of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) under acidic condition. The results demonstrated that different types of carbon supporters could affect the ORR catalytic activities. Pt-Ni nanoparticles supported on ketjen black (Pt-Ni/K) had the highest ORR activities for both specific activity (SA) and mass activity (MA). Furthermore, after 4,000 voltage cycles of the accelerated durability test (ADT), the Pt-Ni/Ketjen black still showed better ORR stability than Pt-Ni/Vulcan XC-72R and Pt-Ni/Graphene, respectively.
Preparation of low cost catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cell
Authors: Pimpaya Y , Konlayutt P 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (NG) with high nitrogen level was synthesized by a facile pyrolysis. NG has been getting attention because of its high catalytic activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and reduce cost. The synthesis of NG used graphene oxide (GO) and urea as a N-precursor were dissolved in ethanol. Then the mixture was evaporated by ultrasonic bath for 30 min. The mixture was slurry then was transferred to tube furnace and pyrolyzed at 300°C and 800°C (NG300 and NG800) with heating rate of 2.5 °C/min in N2 atmosphere for 30 min. The morphology and structure of nitrogen doped graphene oxide were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). The XPS spectra of NG indicated that NG300 had the highest intensity of N1S peak among others. Mass of nitrogen of NG300 and NG800 were evaluated and had about 15.5%wt and 6.6%wt, respectively. Furthermore, N spectra at high-resolution was analysed and de-convoluted to three N chemical states of pyridinic-N, pyrrolic-N, and graphitic-N. The electrochemical properties of NG were determined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). From the results shown that NG800 catalyst yielded highest electrochemical activity particularly for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) over GO and NG300. Thus, N atoms doped into the graphene were responsible for the ORR catalytic activity resulting from doping N atoms and provided more density of active sites and conductivity. Moreover, NG can be applied as a supporting material for Non-precious metal group catalysts of fuel cell.
Influence of in-house produced biochar on geotechnical properties of expansive clay
Authors: Sarkar Arijit , Pattanayak Spandan , GuhaRay Anasua , Guoxiong Mei , Zhu Hong-Hu , Garg Ankit 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The current study aims to explore geotechnical properties of expansive soil amended with in-house produced biochar. Biochar was produced in-house using slow pyrolysis (at constant temperature of 500 °C) of commonly available Prosospis Juliflora (invasive weed) in a muffle furnace. This study also motivates alternative use of Prosospis Juliflora, whose reduction can help to minimize transmission of malaria and also threat to bio-diversity. The biochar was uniformly mixed with expansive black cotton soil at 5% and 10% content. Both basic and geotechnical properties (CBR and unconfined compressive strength) was determined for modified and unmodified soil samples. Based on results, it can be concluded that the plasticity index of an expansive soil is reduced significantly with an increase in biochar content. On the other hand, change in shrinkage limit was negligible. There is an increase in unconfined compressive strength and also reduction in free swell index of expansive soil amended with biochar. This is despite the significantly lower specific gravity and higher porous structure of biochar particles. The result is contrary to application of biochar in sandy soils in literature. The possible mechanism could be due to formation of bonds between negatively charged surface functional groups of biochar and positively charged ions of an expansive soil.
Gas permeability in soil amended with biochar at different compaction states
Authors: Huang He , Cai Wei-Ling , Zheng Qian , Chen Pei-Nan , Huang Chun-Rui , Zeng Qing-Jie , Kumar Himanshu , Zhu Hong-Hu , Garg Ankit , Zheenbek Kulenbekov , Kushvaha Vinod 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Biochar amended soil (BAS) is widely studied to apply in green infrastructure, such as landfills and slopes. Presence of biochar improved soil hydraulic properties (e.g. water retention ability) in previous studies, while influence of biochar on gas permeability (k

g
) under different compaction states is not clear yet. The main objective of this study is to investigate the k

g
of BAS under different soil compaction conditions. The soil selected for investigation was poorly graded sand. BAS was compacted in an in-house built 1-D column set up under three different soil density (65 %, 80 % and 95% degree of compaction) were considered in mixtures with 0% and 10% biochar content. The tests were carried out in a greenhouse at Shantou University. In tests, soil column was designed and subjected to drying-wetting cycles, during which soil suction, moisture content and k

g
were measured. Results showed that BAS (i.e. minimum water content 37.2% and 22.1%) had better water retention performance than bare soil (i.e. minimum water content 20.2% and 19.5%) at compaction conditions (65% and 80% degree of compaction). However, when the degree of compaction increased to 95%, bare soil and BAS shows similar water retention characteristic (i.e. minimum water content 15.7% and 15.9% respectively). The addition of biochar could decrease k

g
as compared with that of the bare soil, meanwhile, in the lower suction range, k

g
decreased with an increase of compaction (i.e. k

g
65%>k

g
80%>k

g
95%).
Design of structure of hierarchically porous carbon monoliths with magnetic properties for high efficiency in adsorption of lead (II) ions
Authors: Onsri P , Dechtrirat D , Nooeaid P , Eiad-Ua A , Amornpitoksuk P , Chuenchom L 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Pb (II) is one of the toxic heavy metal ions, which is released from the industry, especially the manufacture of batteries and electronics-devices. Its release into the water effluents causes environmental problems and affects the humans’ and animals’ health. Adsorption is one of the conventional techniques for removal of Pb (II) in water treatment processes. The adsorbents with effective adsorption properties with their easy operation are then desired. In this study, hierarchically porous carbon monoliths with magnetic properties have been designed and successfully fabricated by incorporating sodium alginate and black liquor in ferric chloride solution. The resulting monoliths have been used to study their adsorption efficiency towards Pb (II) in aqueous solution. The interconnected macroporous structures of the materials were generated by the freeze-drying process, while the increase in microporosity was observed after pyrolysis at 700 °C (SA-BL-Fe-700). SA-BL-Fe-700 showed a magnetization of 8.79 emu/g, and high porosity, with a BET specific surface area of 945.45 m2/g and pore size distribution calculated by DFT was less than 2 nm, which is suitable to adsorb Pb (II) ions. Furthermore, the materials obtained showed a monolith feature in a cylindrical shape with strong mechanical stability, which renders them with the easy operation. The adsorption properties of SA-BL-Fe-700 monolith toward Pb (II) ions demonstrated a maximum adsorption capacity of 75.19 mg/g at pH 5 with retaining the magnetic properties. The study of adsorption behaviours illustrated that equilibrium data and kinetic study fitted with Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order model, respectively.
Characterization of thermal distribution in 50-Liter biochar kiln at different heating times
Authors: Srisophon Mewadee , Khamdaeng Tipapon , Panyoyai Numpon , Wongsiriamnuay Thanasit 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Biochar has been known to be an excellent soil amendment. However, the biochar yield and its quality are both affected by the process parameter, such as temperature and heating time, and the production method from kiln type used. Therefore, the objective of this work was to characterize the thermal distribution inside the 50-liter kiln at different heating times of the biochar production. The experiments on the kiln with a dimension of 500 mm × 380 mm (height × diameter) including the fuel core with diameter of 115 mm with 5 rows of 6.35 mm drill puncture diameters were conducted. The biochar was produced from 7 kg of agricultural waste corncob. The pyrolysis temperature increased with increasing heating time and it was controlled not exceeding 600 °C by adjusting the briquette fuel quantity. The results showed that the highest temperature was found at the fuel core and decreased in radial direction outwards to the kiln wall. The heating time showed effect on the thermal distribution as well as the biochar yield. The lower thermal gradient and the higher biochar yield were obtained at the higher heating time. The biochar yield would, however, decrease after optimal heating time due to the decomposition and degradation of biochar derived from corncob during the pyrolysis process. The production cost of biochar was also determined. These findings propose agriculturists the optimal heating time along with the production cost to facilitate the biochar production.
A systematic study of rheological properties of water-ironoxide nanofluids with graphene nanoflakes
Authors: Arifutzzaman A. , Ismail A. F. , Alam M. Z. , Khan A. A. , Saidur R. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Magnetic properties are the concentrated studies in iron oxide based magnetic nanofluid area; however very limited number studies have been conducted on the psychical properties of this nanofluid. The main objective of this study is to investigate the viscosity properties of Maghemite: MH (iron oxide) nanoparticles dispersed de-ionized water (DW) nanofluids (DW-MH) for the addition of graphene (Gr) nanoflakes. DW-MH nanofluids were prepared by two steps technique and graphene was added with the aid of sonication and stirring process. Viscosity were measured for every samples varied for the loading of graphene in DW-MH nanofluids. Every measurement was conducted in rising temperature varied within 20 - 60°C. Effect of both of loading of graphene and rising temperature on the viscosity properties of the fluid were systemically analysed. Prepared nanofluids were kept stabile about 30 days without any visible sedimentations. After the addition of graphene in the DW-MH nanofluids the viscosity of the final nanofluid samples was increased with the increasing loading of graphene nanoflakes. It was also detected that, hybrid nanofluids sample’s viscosity was decreasing for the increasing temperature. This nanofluid can be the viable replacement for the heat transfer purpose in the energy harvesting and storage applications due to the good physical stability.
Product lightweight research in green design
Authors: Zhao Tian-Yu , Liang Hui-Ping 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The wire sawing machine is a large-scale concrete structure cutting equipment and mining quarrying machine used in the wild, in order to reduce costs and reduce energy consumption during manufacturing, transportation and use, on the premise of ensuring its performance, it is of great significance to explore its lightweight design method. This paper uses a multidisciplinary approach to construct a research method model for product lightweight design, comprehensively considering the aesthetic principles and usability principles of products, combining structural optimization theory and Kansei engineering theory, referencing three points of modeling structure, material selection and usage, through to the two aspects of physical and visual lightweight quantitative evaluation standard to determine the optimal solution for lightweight design. First, use Solidworks to build a three-dimensional model of the wire sawing machine; then, use ANSYS Workbench to perform finite element analysis on the mechanical properties of the frame to confirm it has optimization space of the frame strength; finally, through topology optimization of the frame structure and the design of the machine casing, the weight of the mainframe was reduced by 23%. The physical and visual lightweight results verifies the feasibility of the lightweight design model applied in the product design process and provides a useful reference for the sustainable development of industrial products.
Research on the creative design of express package recycling system basis on internet
Authors: Liang Hui-Ping , Li Jiagui 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
As E-commerce and online shopping advance swiftly and vigorously, a growing number of people choose shopping on the Internet as their major way of shopping. As the online shopping is in vogue, the problem lying in the package of express has gradually drawn people’s attention. As the data reveals, the number of paper boxes that China’s e-commerce brought about is over 10 billion. The packages of express resulted in environment pollution and waste of resources, At present, China does not yet have an efficient and comprehensive express packaging recycling system, and the only sustainable recycling design has a small application range and the effect is not obvious. For the purpose of improving the recycling rate of packages and in response to the “sustainable development strategy”, this paper, from the standpoint of consumer psychology, the real consumption situation and package recycling status quo, makes use of the Internet as the bridge to realize the design of virtual APP and recycling device, so as to form a complete recycling system of express package. This system mainly utilizes the gravity sensor, information processing system and storing and arranging device, and is backed by sophisticated techniques. The researches have shown that, the simplification of creative recycling system, the time-saving effort, high efficiency, as well as the conception of the smart classified recycling have changed the traditional way of recycling. These improvements have greatly reduced the pollution and waste that express packages caused and make the resources being used for the second time a reality.
3D printing of continuous kevlar reinforced polymer composite through coextrusion method
Authors: Tey J Y , Ding W O , Yeo W H , King Y J , Saw L H 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe major drawbacks of 3D printed thermoplastic using fused deposition method (FDM) are exhibit weak mechanical properties. This reduces the usability of the printed part as the functional structure for part replacement in a real-world application. Therefore, in this study a co-extrusion of a continuous fibre of twisted Kevlar using FDM is conducted to examine the improvement of mechanical strength of the 3D printed part with reinforcement of continuous fibre. The coextruded reinforced plastic (CRP) parts consisting of polylactic acid (PLA) as matrix and twisted Kevlar as core fibre. The mechanical performance of printed parts was evaluated in a tensile test under ASTM D638 standard. The results of both CRPs were compared against unreinforced PLA which. It has been demonstrated that CRPs with twisted Kevlar was able to achieve significant increment in Ultimate tensile strength (+179.7%, 104.64MPa), maximum tensile strain (+257%, 5.384%) and relative similar Young’s modules (3.29GPa) compared to unreinforced PLA. As a result, this study created a unique material print which CRP with twisted Kevlar which offer high stiffness and high strength structure.
Thermal decomposition, phase formation and microstructure analysis of surfactant assisted sol-gel derived La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δmaterial
Authors: Samat Abdullah Abdul , Alias Siti Hajar , Darus Murizam , Somalu Mahendra Rao , Baharuddin Nurul Akidah , Osman Nafisah 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA single-phase of perovskite-type oxide material can be prepared at a processing temperature relatively lower than 1000 °C through a sol-gel method. However, it is affected by the nature of chemical additives employed during the synthesis process. In the present work, sol-gel derived lanthanum strontium cobaltite, La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ(LSC64) material is prepared using various non-ionic surfactants namely polyoxyethylene (10) oleyl ether (Brij-97), polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ether (Triton-X-100) and polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate (Tween-80). The prepared powders of the LSC material is subsequently subjected to the thermal decomposition, phase formation and microstructure analysis by a thermal gravimetric analyzer, an X-ray diffractometer and a scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. The as-synthesized powders are calcined at different temperatures based on the thermal gravimetric analysis results. X-ray diffractometer results reveal that all of the calcined powders consist of more than 90 % perovskite phase of LSC64 and other secondary phases such as cobalt oxide, lanthanum oxide and strontium carbonate. The Brij-97-based and Tween-80-based calcined powders have morphology of typical clump-like network structure, while the Triton-X-100-based calcined powder has morphology of flake-like network structure.
Computational fluid dynamics simulation on the effect of pillar shapes on chitosan-coated zinc oxide nanoparticles flows in pillar-based microfilter
Authors: Majnis Mohd Fadhil , Koman Erwin , Ku Shaari Ku Zilati 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation on the effect of pillar shapes on chitosan-ZnO nanoparticles flows in pillar-based microfilter was considered using ANSYS Fluent in the laminar flow condition. Three shapes of the pillar were studied: cylindrical, cuboid, and rotated cuboid pillar. The volume of fluid (VOF) method was performed under a certain set of considerations and assumptions in order to validate the microfilter design to have the same flow patterns based on the literature. The discrete phase model (DPM) was carried out in order to simulate and analyze the chitosan-ZnO nanoparticles flow behaviour and separation efficiency performance in pillar-based microfilter. The DPM was carried out in 200, 300, and 400 streams to track the position of the nanoparticles in order to analyze the separation performance for each pillar shape. The simulation involved a different number of streams that were observed on the impact of nanoparticle Reynolds number and the total number of nanoparticles. It was observed that microfilter-C (rotated cuboid pillar) has the best separation efficiency of chitosan-ZnO nanoparticles compared to microfilter-A (cylindrical pillar) and microfilter-B (cuboid pillar) based on the particle position from the outlet of microfilter which was 2.5 mm, 0.08 mm, and 2.1 mm respectively. The shape of the pillar is a critical parameter that plays a significant role in the separation performance of nanoparticles in pillar-based microfilter.
A study on the low-temperature wet synthesis of hydrofluoric acid from synthetic calcium fluoride and waste sulfuric acid
Authors: Lin Min-Fa , Chang Chih-Ping , Chang Ken-Lin , Lee Wen-Jhy , Wu Jhong-Lin , Chen Po-Han 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
An innovative method for utilizing synthetic calcium fluoride (CaF2), recovered from fluoride-containing semiconductor wastewater, and waste sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to produce hydrofluoric acid (HF) was investigated. The research was set to study the low-temperature production of HF via the reaction of synthetic CaF2 and waste H2SO4. The impact of H2SO4 concentration and total volume (H2SO4 + H2O)/CaF2 ratio, drying temperature of synthetic CaF2 on HF productivity were investigated in this study. HF yield increased with increasing H2SO4 concentration and total volume/CaF2 ratio under room temperature. In addition, the HF produced in the reactions involving the 105 °C-dried synthetic CaF2 were higher than the 600 °C-dried synthetic CaF2 ones. The study will not only find uses for this semiconductor wastes but also provide a greener alternative to the current commercial production of HF.
Bioconversion of anthocyanin to anthocyanidin from fermented fruit and vegetable waste by Leuconostoc mesenteroides as probiotik food material
Authors: Hidayat H. , Fadilah E. , Nurmadina  , Musawwa M.M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Organic waste, especially fruit and vegetables is currently a major problem in the world due to serious risks to human health and the environment. On the other hand, fruit and vegetable waste contains anthocyanin (flavonoid of polyphenol) compounds that can produce antioxidant to inhibit oxidation reaction caused by free radicals such as diseases that exist in the digestive tract. it has been an important thing to make a bioproduct solution associated with the animal element’s feed ingredients. The result of this study showed that an anthocyanidin from isolates fruit and vegetable was successfully identified by (i) fermentation time variations used are 0; 1; 3; 5 and 7 days resistant to acid pH 4. The compound isolation process use liquid-liquid extraction method with ethanol 96% by diluting 1:3 in the anaerobic jar (ii) Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) were gram positive purple colored and basil shape based on Gram staining (iii) thus, an antimicrobial activity was shown by clear zone with E15 which were 18 mm, 20 mm and 24 mm from 72 hours incubation on nutrient media Euschericia coli.