bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acceptance and utilization of HIV testing among the youth: a cross-sectional study in Techiman, Ghana
Authors: YA Asare Bernard , Y Yeboaa Henrietta , Dwumfour-Asare Bismark 
Published: October 2020

Background: In Ghana, efforts including ‘Know Your Status’ campaign have been made to increase awareness and improve the uptake of HIV screening.
Objective: This study examined the acceptance and utilization of the HIV/AIDS ‘Know Your Status’ campaign and determine dthe differences in HIV testing by demographic characteristics among the youth in Techiman, Ghana.
Method: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted among the youth aged 15-24 years. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 200 purposively selected respondents.
Results: The mean age of the respondents was 19.6±2.72 years. There was a universal awareness (100%) of HIV/AIDs, and were knowledgeable about the mode of transmission, symptoms and the prevention of HIV. A high proportion of the respon- dents (n=161, 80.5%) had heard about the ‘Know Your Status’ (KYS) campaign. Less than half of respondents (n=91, 45.5%) had tested for HIV, and only 16.5% (n=15/91) of respondents tested through the KYS campaign. Testing for HIV was associ- ated with age (p<0.001) and marital status (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The youth should therefore be targeted in the awareness and the ‘Know Your Status campaigns’, and in an effort- sto promote screening for HIV.
Keywords: Awareness; campaign; knowledge; HIV/AIDS; know your status; screening.
Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Stenotrophomonas species isolated from Mexico
Authors: O Elufisan Temidayo , Cristina Rodriguez-Luna Isabel , O Oyedara Omotayo , Sanchez-Varela Alejandro , Bocanegra García Virgilio , O Oluyide Busayo , Flores-Treviño Samantha , Angel Villalobos López Miguel , Guo Xianwu 
Published: October 2020

Background: Stenotrophomonas species are multi-resistant bacteria with ability to cause opportunistic infections.
Objective: We isolated 45 Stenotrophomonas species from soil, sewage and the clinic with the aim of investigating their susceptibility to commonly used antimicrobial agents.
Methodology: The identities of isolates were confirmed with 16S rRNA gene sequence and MALDI-TOF analysis. Anti-mi- crobial resistance, biofilm production and clonal diversity were also evaluated. The minimum inhibitory concentration technique as described by Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute: CLSI Guidelines (CLSI) was employed for the evaluation of isolate susceptibility to antibiotics.
Result: Forty-five Stenotrophomonas species which include 36 environmental strains and 9 clinical strains of S. maltophilia were considered in this study. 32 (88.9 %) environmental strains were identified to be S. maltophilia, 2 (5.6 %) were Stenotrophomonas nitritireducens, and 2 (5.6 %) cluster as Stenotrophomonas spp. Stenotrophomonas isolates were resistant to at least six of the antibiotics tested, including Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (SXT).
Conclusion: Environmental isolates from this study were resistant to SXT which is commonly used for the treatment of S. maltophilia infections. This informs the need for good public hygiene as the environment could be a reservoir of multi-resistant bacteria. It also buttresses the importance of surveillance study in the management of bacterial resistance.
Keywords: Stenotrophomonas; environmental; biochemical characterization; clonal diversity; anti-microbial susceptibility.
Analysis of main risk factors contributing to obesity in the region of East Africa: meta-analysis
Authors: Mařincová Lenka , Šafaříková Simona , Cahlíková Radka 
Published: October 2020

Background: Over a few decades obesity has become a major global health problem. Its prevalence worldwide has more than doubled since 1980. The situation is expected to worsen in the future, especially in the developing countries that experience nutrition transition due to economic growth. It contributes to reduction in malnutrition which supports an increase in obesity prevalence.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyse the predictors of obesity in the region of East Africa.
Methods: Meta-analysis of existing studies was used in order to find the different risk factors and their significance in obesity development. Data extracted from 16 published academic research articles described the situation in East African countries. The significance of the effect of each variable was tested by means of an asymptotic chi-square test, or Fisher's exact (factorial) test and the risk ratios were calculated.
Results: Based on the chi-square test and the risk ratios of the aggregated data, three risk factors were found to be significant in the development of obesity – gender, type of residence and socio-economic status. In East African countries, women are significantly more likely to be obese. Living in an urban area and socioeconomic status are also positively associated with obesity. Because of insufficient data three other risk factors did not prove to be of any significance – alcohol consumption, smoking and education level.
Conclusion: Conclusions of this meta-analysis confirm world trends but we also found results that are not in line with them (e.g. education). This meta-analysis confirms the huge existing research gap concerning obesity predictors in the East African region.
Keywords: Obesity; meta-analysis; East Africa.
Relationship between plasma homocysteine and blood pressure in hypertensive Northern-Nigerians
Authors: Uzoamaka Onyemelukwe Obiageli , Bello Maiha Bilkisu 
Published: October 2020

Aim: The study sought to determine whether there is any relationship between plasma homocysteine and blood pressure levels in Nigerians with essential hypertension.
Method: It was a cross-sectional analytical study done on 120 randomly selected hypertensive patients and 120 normal healthy controls seen at the large Conference hall of the Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) Medical Centre, Zaria as well as the ABU Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Northern-Nigeria. Pearson’s Correlation and Binary Logistic Regression analysis determined the rela- tionship between homocysteine and hypertension.
Results: Hyperhomocysteinaemia found in the hypertensive patients (22.8 ± 6.6 µmol/L) differed significantly (p<0.001) from controls (10.9 ± 2.8 µmol/L) with significant (p<0.001), blood pressure difference between both groups. Homocysteine signifi- cantly positively correlated with systolic (r = 0.51, p<0.001) and diastolic (r = 0.47, p<0.001) blood pressures in hypertensive subjects. The relation of plasma hcy to hypertension was statistically significant for SBP; OR: 1.08 (95% CI, 1.05-1.11) and DBP; OR: 1.08 (95% CI, 1.03-1.13) in the unadjusted model. When adjusted for confounding variables, hcy was significantly related to SBP; OR: 1.1 (95% CI, 1.04-1.18) but not DBP (p=0.25; OR: 1.06 (95 % CI, 0.96-1.18). The mean plasma folate level was high (115.2 ± 48.0 ng/mL) in the hypertensive subjects. The hyperhomocysteinaemic subjects showed a 2.8 times Odds of developing hypertension.
Conclusion: This study showed higher mean plasma homocysteine levels in hypertensives than controls not accounted for by sub-optimal folate levels. Hyperhomocysteinaemia showed a positive relationship to systolic hypertension after adjusting for confounders.
Keywords: Plasma homocysteine; hypertension; healthy controls; folic acid; blood pressure; Northern-Nigerians.
Prevalence, factors associated and treatment outcome of hyperbilirubinaemia in neonates admitted to St Francis hospital, Nsambya, Uganda: a descriptive study
Authors: Nyangabyaki-Twesigye Catherine , Mworozi Edison , Namisi Charles , Nakibuuka Victoria , Kayiwa Joshua , Ssebunya Robert , Aggrey Mukose David 
Published: October 2020

Background: With targeted management of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia in high-income countries, there has been a dras- tic drop in both the prevalence and mortality. On the contrary, over two-thirds of the global burden of neonatal hyperbiliru- binaemia is in Sub-saharan Africa and South East Asia with a high mortality risk of 16-35%. Neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia is not a leading global cause of neonatal mortality, however leads to irreversible neurological damage and death when managed poorly. Three-quarters of the babies admitted to the national referral hospital in Uganda had significant hyperbilirubin- aremia; 16.6% of these babies died. We aimed at determining the prevalence, treatment outcome and describing factors associated with hyperbilirubinaemia in neonates admitted to St Francis hospital, Nsambya.
Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out. A total of 242 files of babies with a preliminary diagnosis of hyperbiliru- binaemia were retrieved retrospectively. Relevant data was extracted from the files and analysed using STATA version 14.0.
Results: The prevalence of significant hyperbillirubinaemia was 22.7% (55/242). Seventy-seven percent of the babies ad- mitted did not require treatment for hyperbilirubinaemia. No factors were found to be significantly associated with sig- nificant hyperbilirubinaemia. The case fatality for severe hyperbilirubinaemia was 20% (6/30); half of these babies had haemolytic disease of the newborn.
Conclusion: Establishment of local guidelines will prevent unnecessary admissions and ensure timely treatment is admin- istered. Longitudinal studies are required to discover factors associated with neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia in this region.
Keywords: Neonatal jaundice; hyperbilirubinaemia; phototherapy; exchange transfusion.
Prevalence, short term outcome and factors associated with survival in patients suffering from upper gastrointestinal bleeding in a resource limited-setting, the case of Mulago hospital in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Kahatwa Kiringa Serge , Quinlan Jacklyn , Ocama Ponciano , Mutyaba Innocent , Kagimu Magid 
Published: October 2020

Background: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a common cause of admission and death in the gastroenterology service. The prevalence, risk factors and the case fatality rate of UGIB may differ by settings.
Objectives: Our objective was to determine the prevalence of symptoms and the case fatality rate of UGIB among patients at the gastroenterology service of Mulago Hospital in Kampala, Uganda and to describe the clinical and laboratory risk fac- tors associated with the survival of these patients.
Methods: In a cross-sectional study performed between September 2013 and April 2014, patients were screened for UGIB symptoms. Data was collected on socio-demographic characteristics, clinical presentation and patient’s outcome within one week of admission. Bivariate, multivariate, and survival analysis were performed to identify variables that were significantly associated with mortality.
Results: Out of 1085 patients screened, we identified the prevalence of UGIB symptoms in 220 patients (20.3%). Among these, 150 met the inclusion criteria for our study. The majority were males (70.7%) and 40 years of age or less (60%). The most prevalent clinical diagnosis were gastritis (39.3%), esophageal varices (17.3%) and peptic ulcer disease (PUD) (16%). Among patients who underwent endoscopy, esophageal varices (42.2%), PUD (26.3%) and gastritis (15.8%) were the lead- ing causes of bleeding. The overall case fatality rate was 16.7% (25/150). Uremia remained associated with mortality after controlling for confounders. Survival was significantly reduced for males as well as for patients with uremia and malignancy.
Conclusion: the prevalence of symptoms and the case fatality rate of UGIB among patients admitted to the gastroenter- ology ward in Mulago hospital were higher than in developed countries and similar to other resource-limited setting. The majority of patients were young men and presented with both hematemesis and melena. The most common causes of UGIB were esophageal varices, gastritis and PUD. Survival analysis indicate that male gender, uremia, and malignancy are associated with reduced survival.
Keyword: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding; gastroenterology; survival; Uganda; Africa.
Vitamin D deficiency and its effect on respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants: results from a prospective study in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Dogan Pelin , Ozkan Hilal , Koksal Nilgun , Bagci Onur , Guney Varal Ipek 
Published: October 2020

Background: The positive effects of steroids on lung development are well known, and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 has been shown to exert positive effects on fetal lung development.
Objective: We aimed to investigate the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and respiratory distress syn- drome (RDS) in premature infants.
Methods: Infants aged ≤32 gestational weeks who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) during 1 year were enrolled in this prospective study. 25(OH)D levels were obtained at the time of admission to NICU. Patients were divided into three groups according to their 25(OH)D levels: severe (group 1), moderate (group 2), and mild (group 3) 25(OH)D deficiencies.
Results: The study comprised 72 patients; of them, RDS was observed in 49 and not observed in 23 patients. The mean 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in RDS patients (p=0.04). Multivariate analysis showed that patients with higher 25(OH)D levels can be preventive for the development of RDS (odds ratio 0.89; 95% confidence interval 0.8–0.99; p=0.04).
Conclusion: Our study revealed that 25(OH)D deficiency is an independent risk factor for RDS in premature infants. However, further studies are necessary to explore the association between 25(OH)D deficiency and RDS.
Keywords: 25-hydroxyvitamin D; prematurity; respiratory distress syndrome.
Sexual knowledge and practice of adolescent learners in a rural South African school
Authors: Mostert Karien , M Sethole Khethiwe , Khumisi Oumiki , Peu Dorrica , Thambura Julius , N Ngunyulu Roinah , F Mulaudzi Mavis 
Published: October 2020

Background: Premature sexual activity has become a norm in South African society, often resulting in teenage pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STD). Occurrence of premature sexual activity is related to insufficient education, gender inequal- ities, household poverty and place of residence. The Stepping Stones project uses a 10-session programme to educate learners about relationships, HIV-prevention and teenage pregnancy. The purpose was to measure and describe learners’ sexual knowl- edge and activities in a rural technical secondary school in North-west Province, South Africa.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey. Questionnaires were distributed to learners in grade 8 to 12. Descriptive statistics was used in analysis.
Results: Seventy-nine questionnaires were analysed. Despite a young sample, 26.6% were sexually active and 24.1% engaged in sexual activity. The mean age for first-time sexual intercourse was 15.2±2.3 years. The use of contraceptives was low (41.2%) and participants reported difficulty in talking to partners about condom use (54.8%). Almost half (45.5%) of the participants had never heard of STDs. Participants expressed a need to use social media as a sex education tool (12.3%). The primary source of information was from school-based programmes (58.0%).
Conclusion: Findings point to unsafe sexual practice of learners at a school in rural South Africa, even from an early age. This concern is accompanied by the occurrence of low levels of sexually-related knowledge. The learners would benefit from contin- ued implementation of the Stepping Stones programme. Implementation could be improved by incorporating social media and emphasising gender equality and negotiation skills in sexually vulnerable situations.
Keywords: Sexual knowledge; adolescent learners; South Africa.
EL ROL MEDIADOR DEL INTERCAMBIO DE CONOCIMIENTOS ENTRE EL SOPORTE DE LA ALTA GERENCIA Y LA INNOVACIÓN
Authors: Morales Roberto , Balladares Karen , Ortiz Elías 
Published: October 2020

El propósito de este estudio es investigar el rol mediador del intercambio de conocimientos entre el soporte de la alta gerencia y la innovación de procesos en industrias ecuatorianas dedicadas a la producción de químicos, fármacos, alimentos, bebidas y plásticos. El estudio empírico de alrededor de 230 firmas, que fueron seleccionadas aleatoriamente para llenar una encuesta que mide las variables, soporte de la alta gerencia, intercambio de conocimientos e innovación de procesos. Se realizó un análisis de ecuaciones estructurales basadas en el método de estimación de máxima verosimilitud para comprobar las relaciones entre estas variables. El principal hallazgo de este estudio es que se comprobó la mediación parcial del intercambio de conocimiento entre el soporte de la alta gerencia y la innovación de procesos de negocios. Los resultados están limitados a las industrias de los sectores previamente mencionados: químicos, fármacos, alimentos, bebidas y plásticos. Lo novedoso del estudio es que muchos autores han argumentado que existe un gran problema para investigar la innovación; y es que, casi todos tienden a medir la innovación en productos. Este estudio busca medir un aspecto específico de la innovación, que es la innovación de los procesos de negocios.
Comparison of Child Participation and Life Balance and Perceived Stress of Parents of Children on Dialysis with That of Normal Population.
Authors: Sheeba Parveen  , Ruchi Nagar Buckshee  
Published: October 2020

Background: Aim: The study compared child participation of children undergoing dialysis with that of normal population. Study design: comparative study design. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in Sparsh Rotary south end charitable trust, Batra Hospital, New Delhi during year 2013-2015.Subjects and Methods:In this study design thirty children, fifteen children undergoing dialysis (5-18) years were recruited from Sparsh, Rotary south end charitable trust. And fifteen children without any problem were selected as per inclusion criteria. The participation in home-school and community of these children is measured using Child and Adolescent Scale of Participation (CASP and Life balance and perceived stress in caregivers was measured with Life Balance Inventory (LBI) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) respectively. The same scales were used for normal population. The scores was collected from each scale and statistically analyzed for both groups.Result:Results revealed that children on dialysis have less participation in home school and community with that of normal population. The perceived stress of caregivers of these children is also very higher and life balance score was found to be lesser when compared with caregivers of normal population.Conclusion:Clinical intervention of children undergoing dialysis is narrowed upon only medical intervention and not focuses more on participation. The Occupational Therapy intervention should be given to children undergoing dialysis.
To Study the Orientation of Anganwadi Workers on Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness in Malnutrition
Authors: Tarun Naik  , Bhagat Baghel  
Published: October 2020

Background: Malnutrition is one of the serious health problems in children. Malnourished children are more prone to frequent illness. This adversely affects their nutritional status, faltering growth and diminished learning ability. India adapted the integrated management of childhood illness strategy aiming to reduce its newborn and infant mortality burden and the main objective of the study was the orientation of anganwadi workers on IMNCI in malnutrition.Subjects and Methods:The study was observational and conducted jagdalpur Chhattisgarh. Only those who fully satisfied both the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Permission from institutional ethics committee was obtained. Selection criteria in the present study were all children in the Anganwadi in a defined area. Result:PEM cases are more compared to controls, Malnutrition is seen in below 5 years of age group in children and more in cases group than the control group. In cases group it was 360 and control group it was 240.In 0 – 2 months of age malnutrition is more in cases than controls. Conclusion:Anganwadi workers were trained based on IMNCI and asked to educate mothers regarding health, nutrition and care seeking during illness of the children.
TANGGUNG JAWAB PIDANA TERHADAP PELAKSANAAN ANALISIS MENGENAI DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN PADA PELAKU PENGELOLA LIMBAH BAHAN BERBAHAYA DAN BERACUN (B3) TANPA IZIN (Studi Pasal 102 UU RI No. 32 Tahun 2009)
Authors: Rosani Zulkarnaen Novi Juli 
Published: October 2020

Tindakan perusakan dan pencemaran lingkungan hidup tidak dapat dibiarkan terus menerus. Karena itu penegakan hukum terhadap pelaku tindak pidana di bidang lingkungan hidup harus dilakukan secara konsisten yaitu dengan pemberian sanksi berat sebagai pertanggung jawaban pelaku tindak pidana lingkungan hidup sebagaimana yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 Tentang Perlindungan Dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif. Dalam penulisan penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode telaah pustaka (library research) untuk mentelaah data-data sekunder. Faktor-faktor terjadinya tindak pidana pembuangan limbah B3 tanpa izin disebabkan pembuangan limbah yang dilakukan oleh seseorang ataupun badan hukum dalam aktivitasnya, ternyata melakukan perbuatan yang mengakibatkan tercemarnya lingkungan hidup, maka perbuatan tersebut jelas merugikan orang lain atau pihak lain dalam kepentingan lingkungan hidupnya termasuk sebagai perbuatan melawan hukum. Hal ini disebabkan pencemaran lingkungan hidup tersebut terjadi penurunan kualitas lingkungan yang menyebabkan lingkungan tidak lagi berfungsi sebagaimana peruntukannya itu haruslah diukur dengan data-data teknis, gejala-gejala dan fakta-fakta yang dialami oleh lingkungan. Berdasarkan analisis data, maka diperoleh kesimpulan pertanggungjawaban pada pelaku pengelolaan limbah B3 tanpa izin jika terjadi pencemaran dan atau perusakan lingkungan hidup bertanggung jawab atas kegiatan produksi yang dengan sengaja dan melanggar undang-undang melepaskan atau membuang zat, energi dan/atau komponen lain yang berbahaya atau beracun masuk di atas atau ke dalam tanah, ke dalam udara atau ke dalam air permukaan, melakukan impor, ekspor, memperdagangkan, mengangkut, menyimpan bahan tersebut menjalankan instalasi yang berbahaya, padahal mengetahui atau sangat beralasan untuk menduga bahwa perbuatan tersebut dapat menimbulkan pencemaran lingkungan atau membahayakan kesehatan umum atau nyawa orang lain.
PEMURNIAN INTEGRITAS: Penelitian Puitis Mazmur 26
Authors: Armand Barus  
Published: October 2020

Abstrak: Pembacaan Mazmur 26 dengan menggunakan metode penelitian puitis (poetic criticism) menghasilkan makna berbeda dengan metode penafsiran yang digunakan penafsir sebelumnya. Melalui penelitian puitis terungkap pesan bahwa sentral Mazmur 26 adalah proses pemurnian orang benar yang justru terjadi melalui dan di dalam kehadirannya di tengah-tengah orang fasik.

Abstract: Reading Psalm 26 with poetic criticism results in getting a from different meaning the interpretation method used by previous interpreters. Using poetic criticism in reading Psalm 26 reveals that the central message of Psalm 26 is purification of the righteous which precisely happens in and through his or her presence amongs the wicked.

Kata-kata Kunci: Mazmur ratapan, penelitian puitis, keluhan, perasaan, pengenalan akan Allah, perubahan suasana teks (mood), integritas