bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internet Public Opinion Evolution in the COVID-19 Event and Coping Strategies
Authors: Zhong Zufeng 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:In this study, we carried out a text analysis on the information disseminated and discussed among netizens on the Baidu Post Bar (the world’s largest Chinese forum) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, to create a policy basis for health administrative departments.Methods:We used Python tools to search for the relevant data on the Baidu Post Bar. Next, a text analysis was performed on the posts’ contents using a combination of latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), sentiment analysis, and correlation analysis.Results:According to the LDA analysis, the public was highly interested in topics such as COVID-19 prevention, infection symptoms, infection and coping measures, sources of transmission and treatments, community management, and work resumption. The majority of the public had negative emotional values, yet a portion of the public held positive emotional values. We also performed a correlation analysis of the influencing factors was established.Conclusions:Netizens’ degree of concern shown in their posts was greatly associated with the spread of COVID-19. With the rise, diffusion, outbreak, and mitigation of COVID-19 in China, netizens have successively created a large number of posts, and the topics of discussion varied over time. Therefore, the media and the government have the responsibility to distribute positive information, to correctly guide the public’s emotions to bring some sort of reassurance to the public.
Does the Prosperity of a Country Play a Role in COVID-19 Outcomes?
Authors: Khorram-Manesh Amir , Carlström Eric , Hertelendy Attila J. , Goniewicz Krzysztof , Casady Carter B. , Burkle Frederick M. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTObjective:This study aims to clarify the association between prosperity and the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outcomes and its impact on the future management of pandemics.Methods:This is an observational study using information from 2 online registries. The numbers of infected individuals and deaths and the prosperity rank of each country were obtained from worldometer.info and the Legatum Institute’s Prosperity Index, respectively.Results:There is a combination of countries with high and low prosperity on the list of COVID-19-infected countries. The risk of the virus pandemic seems to be more extensive in countries with high prosperity. A Spearman’s rho test confirmed a significant correlation between prosperity, the number of COVID-19 cases, and the number of deaths at the 99% level.Conclusion:New emerging pandemics affect all nations. In order to increase the likelihood of successfully managing future events, it is important to consider preexisting health security, valid population-based management approaches, medical decision-making, communication, continuous assessment, triage, treatment, early and complete physical distancing strategies, and logistics. These elements cannot be taught on-site and on occasion. There is a need for innovative and regular educational activities for all stakeholders committed to safeguarding our future defense systems concerning diagnostic, protection, treatment, and rehabilitation in pandemics, as well as other emergencies.
The impact of intuitive eating v. pinned eating on behavioural markers: a preliminary investigation
Authors: Ogden Jane , Pavlova Elina , Fouracre Hollie , Lammyman Frances 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Two promising strategies to manage eating behaviour are intuitive eating (IE; following hunger) and pinned eating (PE; ignoring hunger/eating at specific times of the day). This study compared IE and PE on behavioural markers. Participants (n 56) were randomly assigned to IE (n 28) or PE (n 28) and given instructions to follow for 1 week. Drive to eat, behaviour, behavioural intentions and self-efficacy were measured at baseline and follow-up. Participants also evaluated their specific intervention. Comparable changes over time were found for both conditions for many measures. Significant conditions by time interactions were found for healthy snacking, total self-efficacy and self-efficacy for weight loss: those following IE showed an increase in each of these outcomes compared to those following PE who showed no change. The IE group found their intervention more useful than those following PE. Further research is needed to build on these preliminary findings.
Does the understanding of complex dynamic events at 10 months predict vocabulary development?
Authors: DURRANT SAMANTHA , JESSOP ANDREW , CHANG FRANKLIN , BIDGOOD AMY , PETER MICHELLE S. , PINE JULIAN M. , ROWLAND CAROLINE F. 
Published: August 2020

abstractBy the end of their first year, infants can interpret many different types of complex dynamic visual events, such as caused-motion, chasing, and goal-directed action. Infants of this age are also in the early stages of vocabulary development, producing their first words at around 12 months. The present work examined whether there are meaningful individual differences in infants’ ability to represent dynamic causal events in visual scenes, and whether these differences influence vocabulary development. As part of the longitudinal Language 0–5 Project, 78 10-month-old infants were tested on their ability to interpret three dynamic motion events, involving (a) caused-motion, (b) chasing behaviour, and (c) goal-directed movement. Planned analyses found that infants showed evidence of understanding the first two event types, but not the third. Looking behaviour in each task was not meaningfully related to vocabulary development, nor were there any correlations between the tasks. The results of additional exploratory analyses and simulations suggested that the infants’ understanding of each event may not be predictive of their vocabulary development, and that looking times in these tasks may not be reliably capturing any meaningful individual differences in their knowledge. This raises questions about how to convert experimental group designs to individual differences measures, and how to interpret infant looking time behaviour.
Nest-departure behaviour of gynes and drones in the invasive yellowjacket Vespula germanica (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)
Authors: Martínez Andrés S. , Rousselot Natalia , Corley Juan C. , Masciocchi Maité 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInbreeding costs can be high in haplodiploid hymenopterans due to their particular mechanism of sex determination (i.e., single-locus complementary sex-determination system, sl-CSD), as it can lead to the production of sterile males. Therefore, mechanisms contributing to reduced inbred matings can be beneficial. In this sense, asynchronous nest departure of sibling drones and gynes could reduce kin encounters in social hymenopterans. Using six observation colonies, we determined under field conditions the nest departure behaviour of sibling reproductives of the social wasp Vespula germanica (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). We determined that sexuals leave the nests definitively and detected asynchronous departure not fixed to a particular caste at a seasonal scale in some colonies, as gynes or drones delayed their departure as a function of the departure of the opposite sex, depending on the colony. At a higher temporal resolution (i.e., within a day), we discovered that drones consistently began to leave nests 1 h before gynes and this difference was driven by those individuals that left on the same day as did the opposite-sex kin. Even though other mechanisms such as polyandry and differential dispersal could also be important at reducing inbred matings in the species, the observed departure patterns (i.e., in some colonies actually leave together with the opposite caste, while in others temporal segregation seems to occur) from nests could be complementary to the former and be important at reducing the negative effects of inbreeding in this invasive species.
Democracy, Donald Trump and the Canada-US Security Community
Authors: Greaves Wilfrid 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article examines Canada-US relations through their shared membership in a pluralistic security community (PSC). While the bilateral relationship has been turbulent for decades, the Trump presidency has damaged the Canada-US PSC by (1) exacerbating a decades-long trend of weakened shared identity and mutual trust between Canadians and Americans, and (2) undermining the democratic norms and institutions that uphold American domestic stability and Canadians’ expectations of peaceful change. Assessing the combined implications of the decline in shared identity, mutual trust and democratic stability, I argue that the Canada-US PSC cannot endure if the United States does not also consider Canada's national and security interests or if the United States itself poses a threat to those interests. Given current trends, the future absence of war in North America may reflect American domination over a weaker and dependent Canada rather than their continued membership in a bilateral PSC.
Smell and taste recovery in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: a 60-day objective and prospective study
Authors: Vaira L A , Hopkins C , Petrocelli M , Lechien J R , Chiesa-Estomba C M , Salzano G , Cucurullo M , Salzano F A , Saussez S , Boscolo-Rizzo P , Biglioli F , De Riu G 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe long-term recovery rate of chemosensitive functions in coronavirus disease 2019 patients has not yet been determined.MethodA multicentre prospective study on 138 coronavirus disease 2019 patients was conducted. Olfactory and gustatory functions were prospectively evaluated for 60 days.ResultsWithin the first 4 days of coronavirus disease 2019, 84.8 per cent of patients had chemosensitive dysfunction that gradually improved over the observation period. The most significant increase in chemosensitive scores occurred in the first 10 days for taste and between 10 and 20 days for smell. At the end of the observation period (60 days after symptom onset), 7.2 per cent of the patients still had severe dysfunctions. The risk of developing a long-lasting disorder becomes significant at 10 days for taste (odds ratio = 40.2, 95 per cent confidence interval = 2.204–733.2,p= 0.013) and 20 days for smell (odds ratio = 58.5, 95 per cent confidence interval = 3.278–1043.5,p= 0.005).ConclusionChemosensitive disturbances persisted in 7.2 per cent of patients 60 days after clinical onset. Specific therapies should be initiated in patients with severe olfactory and gustatory disturbances 20 days after disease onset.
Ageing in place together: older parents and ageing offspring with intellectual disability
Authors: Chou Yueh-Ching , Kröger Teppo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLimited research has been conducted about ageing in place among older parents who co-habit with their ageing offspring with intellectual disability (ID). This study aims to explore which older parents would choose ageing in place together with their ageing offspring with ID instead of moving and what factors are associated with this choice. A face-to-face interview was conducted using the ‘housing pathways’ framework with older parents (⩾60 years) co-habiting with their ageing offspring with ID (⩾40 years) from two local authorities in Taiwan. In total, 237 families completed our census survey between June and September 2015. The results showed that 61.6 per cent of the participants would choose ageing in place with their ageing offspring with ID, while 38.4 per cent of the participants would stay in their previous place without their disabled children, move in with their other children or move to a nursing home. Logistic regression analyses revealed that parents who preferred ageing in place together with their offspring with ID were more likely to own a house (‘personal control’), have higher levels of life satisfaction (‘self-esteem’) and satisfaction with their current community (‘self-identity’), and have a lower level of social support than parents who chose another option. To meet the needs of older parents and their ageing offspring with ID, care and housing transitions should be considered as part of long-term care policy.
La nécessité des approches interdisciplinaires et collaboratives pour évaluer l’impact de la COVID-19 sur les personnes âgées et le vieillissement: déclaration conjointe de l’ACG / CAG et de la RCV / CJA
Authors: Meisner Brad A. , Boscart Veronique , Gaudreau Pierrette , Stolee Paul , Ebert Patricia , Heyer Michelle , Kadowaki Laura , Kelly Christine , Levasseur Mélanie , Massie Ariane S. , Menec Verena , Middleton Laura , Taucar Linda Sheiban , Thornton Wendy Loken , Tong Catherine , van den Hoonaard Deborah K. , Wilson Kimberley 
Published: August 2020

RÉSUMÉLa pandémie de la COVID-19 et l’état d’urgence publique qui en a découlé ont eu des répercussions significatives sur les personnes âgées au Canada et à travers le monde. Il est impératif que le domaine de la gérontologie réponde efficacement à cette situation. Dans la présente déclaration, les membres du conseil d’administration de l’Association canadienne de gérontologie/Canadian Association on Gerontology (ACG/CAG) et ceux du comité de rédaction deLa Revue canadienne du vieillissement/Canadian Journal on Aging(RCV/CJA) reconnaissent la contribution des membres de l’ACG/CAG et des lecteurs de laRCV/CJA.Les auteurs exposent les voies complexes par lesquelles la COVID-19 affecte les personnes âgées, allant du niveau individuel au niveau populationnel. Ils préconisent une approche impliquant des équipes collaboratives pluridisciplinaires, regroupant divers champs de compétences, et différentes perspectives et méthodes d’évaluation de l’impact de la COVID-19.
J. S. Mill on Artistic Freedom and Censorship
Authors: Cejudo Rafael 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article aims to reconstruct a Millian argument for protecting a broad artistic freedom, as well as to delineate the exceptional cases in which censorship of works of art might be justified. Mill'sOn Libertyoffers two lines of reasoning that might be used to defend the widest possible artistic freedom. The first is Mill's defense of freedom of speech in chapter 2, although this would apparently still allow for censoring art that serves to instigate harm. The second is his defense of “experiments in living” in chapter 3, but this might allow for censoring the exhibition or publication of artworks that constitute “offences against decency.” While this Millian doctrine on artistic freedom provides guidelines for coping with difficult cases in arts management, its limitations highlight the peculiarities of the arts and literature in relation to freedom and censorship.
Eremomastax speciosapotentializes the PMSG-inducing effect on some physiological and biochemical parameters in PMSG-primed immature rats
Authors: Mbemya Gildas Tetaping , Chekem Marie Stéphanie Goka , Lienou Landry Lienou , Sylvain Njina Nguedia , Donfack Jiatsa Nathalie , Guerreiro Denise Damasceno , Njimou Jacques Romain , Rodrigues Ana Paula Ribeiro , Telefo Phélix Bruno 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe present study evaluated the effect of the aqueous extract from leaves ofE.speciosaon some physiological and biochemical parameters of reproduction and the onset of puberty in pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG)-primed immature female rats. High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantify the phenolic compounds in the methanol/methylene chloride (1:1) extract, the ethanolic and ethyl acetate fractions and the aqueous residue ofE.speciosa.E.speciosa(0, 8, 32 or 64 mg/kg) were administered for 15 days to 24 non-PMSG-primed and 24 primed rats with 0.01 IU of PMSG. At the end of the treatment period, animal were sacrificed and their body, ovarian, uterine weight, ovarian protein or cholesterol level, as well as data on puberty onset were recorded. Of the 16 polyphenolic compounds quantitatively revealed in the extracts and fractions ofE.speciosaafter HPLC analysis, quercetin, rutin, apigenin and eugenol were the most abundant. Non-primed rats showed a significant increase (P< 0.05) in the uterine relative weight at the dose of 8 mg/kg when compared with the other treatments. The uterine proteins and the ovarian cholesterol (P< 0.05), respectively, showed a reduction at doses of 64 mg/kg and 32 mg/kg in non-primed rats. However in PMSG-primed rats, a significant decrease (P< 0.05) was observed in ovarian cholesterol at 64 mg/kg. In conclusion,E.speciosapotentializes the PMSG-inducing effect on folliculogenesis in PMSG-primed rats.
Energy-dense, nutrient-poor food and beverage sales in Australia: where and when products are sold, and how sales are changing over time
Authors: Gearon Emma , Riesenberg Devorah , Backholer Kathryn , Cameron Adrian J , Sacks Gary , Ni Mhurchu Cliona , Peeters Anna 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjective:To quantify sales trends for key energy-dense, nutrient-poor (EDNP) foods and beverages over 5 years in Australia.Design:The Euromonitor Global Market Information Database and linear regression models were used to estimate average annual change in sales per capita of thirteen EDNP food categories and two EDNP beverage categories (defined using Australian Dietary Guidelines) over 5 years (2012–2017 for foods and 2011–2016 for beverages). The average annual change in sales was divided by the observed sales in 2012 (foods) or 2011 (beverages) to estimate the average percentage-change in sales per capita per annum.Setting:All major retail outlets in Australia.Participants:Euromonitor Global Market Information Database sales data.Results:Between 2012 and 2017, sales per capita per annum of frozen pizza (6 %), pastries (5 %), potato chips (crisps) (5 %), tortilla chips (3 %), chocolate confectionery (2 %), frozen processed potatoes (2 %), ice cream (2 %) and sugar confectionery (0·2 %) increased. There were no changes in sales of sweet biscuits, chocolate spreads and cakes, and sales of savoury biscuits and processed meat decreased (–2 and –1 %, respectively). Between 2011 and 2016, sales per capita per annum of sports and energy drinks increased (4 %), sales of regular (sugar-sweetened) cola (–6 %) and all non-cola soft drinks (–1 %) decreased and sales of diet cola did not change.Conclusions:Sales of EDNP foods and beverages generally increased or remained stable relative to population growth. Our results demonstrate the need for public health policies to reduce sales of EDNP foods and beverages.
Structural Complexity and Mechanics of a Shallow Crustal Seismogenic Source (Vado di Corno Fault Zone, Italy)
Authors: Fondriest M. , Balsamo F. , Bistacchi A. , Clemenzi L. , Demurtas M. , Storti F. , Di Toro G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe mechanics and seismogenic behavior of fault zones are strongly influenced by their internal structure. In this perspective, the internal structure of the extensional seismically active Vado di Corno Fault Zone (VCFZ, Central Apennines, Italy) was quantified by combining high‐resolution structural mapping with 3‐D fault network analysis over ∼2 km along fault strike. The fault zone was exhumed from ∼2 km depth in carbonate rocks, accommodated 1.5–2 km of extensional throw since Early Pleistocene, and cuts through the Pliocene Omo Morto Thrust Zone (OMTZ) with partial reactivation in extension. The exceptional exposure of the footwall block allowed us to reconstruct in detail the geometry of the OMTZ and quantify the spatial arrangement of master/subsidiary faults and fault zone rocks within the extensional VCFZ. The combination of the structural map and the 3‐D fault network with kinematic and topological analyses pointed out the crucial role of the older thrust geometry (i.e., lateral ramps) in controlling the along‐strike segmentation and slip distribution of the VCFZ. These observations were discussed in the framework of regional extension through a slip tendency analysis and a simplified mechanical model, which suggest the activation of oblique inherited structures during the lateral propagation of the VCFZ segments. The interaction of the VCFZ with the OMTZ generated along strike and possibly downdip mechanical asperities. Considering the exhumed VCFZ as an analog for the shallow structure of other seismic sources in the Central Apennines, similar settings could play first‐order control on the spatio‐temporal evolution and rupture heterogeneity of earthquakes in the region.
An Improved Cyclogenesis Potential and Storm Evolution Parameter for North Indian Ocean
Authors: Saranya Ganesh S. , Sahai A. K. , Abhilash S. , Joseph S. , Kaur Manpreet , Phani R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFlawless subseasonal prediction of tropical cyclogenesis and evolution over the narrow basin of North Indian Ocean (NIO) demands accurate rendition of the crucial parameters that influence the development of cyclonic storms. While many genesis potential indices are used for climatological monitoring and prediction of cyclogenesis globally, their skill in subseasonal prediction of individual storm development, especially near coastlines are limited. Thus, an improved genesis potential parameter (IGPP) is introduced in this study which can capture both cyclogenesis and daily evolution of cyclonic systems over NIO. The IGPP is a revised version of Kotal‐Genesis Potential Parameter (KGPP) implemented by India Meteorological Department (IMD) for short‐range operational cyclogenesis prediction over NIO. Daily averaged ERA‐5 and ERA‐Interim data sets are used for analysis and comparison of selected cyclonic storms over NIO for the period 1989–2018. Results reveal that false alarms and overestimation of values present in KGPP are remarkably reduced by using IGPP for all the analyzed storms. Moreover, IGPP outperforms KGPP in distinguishing between developing and nondeveloping storms by accurately representing the storm genesis, evolution, rapid intensification and intensity variations. Thus IGPP can be implemented operationally for improving the real‐time prediction of cyclogenesis and storm evolution over NIO.
Ocean Gyres Driven by Surface Buoyancy Forcing
Authors: Hogg Andrew McC. , Gayen Bishakhdatta 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMidlatitude gyres in the ocean are large‐scale horizontal circulations that are intensified on the western boundary of the ocean, giving rise to currents such as the Gulf Stream. The physical mechanism underlying gyres is widely recognized to involve the curl of the wind stress, which injects potential vorticity into the upper ocean. However, model results have highlighted the role of surface buoyancy fluxes (principally heating and cooling of the ocean surface) in driving circulation and enhancing gyre variability. Here we present two numerical simulations—one in the fully turbulent regime and the second an eddy‐permitting ocean model—which show that gyre‐like circulation can be driven by surface buoyancy fluxes alone. We explore this phenomenon through a combination of modeling and linear theory to highlight that the transport of ocean gyres depends upon surface buoyancy fluxes as well as wind stress.