bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The health care needs of multidimensional frail elderly patients with multimorbidity in non-inpatient settings: a qualitative study
Authors: Zhao Linlin , Chang Bingjie , Hu Qinghua , Chen Xiaolei , Du Juan , Shao Shuang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Our study aimed to explore the health care needs of older adults with multimorbidity assessed as multidimensionally frail from their perspective in Beijing, China, in a predominantly ambulatory setting.
Methods
This study was conducted using a qualitative approach involving semi-structured interviews of 21 at the Outpatient clinics, in four primary health care institutions (PHCIs), Beijing, China. The subjects were drawn from a cross-sectional survey that assessed frailty in older adults with multimorbidity. The Participants meeting the criteria were selected through purposive sampling until subject saturation. The interviews were transcribed and organized verbatim and then subjected to thematic analysis using inductive approach.
Results
A total of four themes on the needs of the multidimensional frail elderly patients with multimorbidity were identified, including enhancing self-management ability, reconstructing family intergenerational support, obtaining high-quality primary healthcare services, and improving the community home-based care service system.
Conclusion
This exploratory study is helpful to understand the healthcare needs of the frail elderly with multimorbidity from the perspectives of individuals, families, communities and society, in turn formulate healthcare promotion strategies. Appropriate policies and measures should be taken, such as assessing comprehensively the physiological, psychological and social functional status, determining priority interventions, improving family support functions, and formulating medical checklists for the frail elderly,as well as building a community- and home-based care service model that combines medical and nursing care.
Patient Activation, Acculturation, and Doctor's Trust: Key Factors in Healthcare Satisfaction for Albanian Immigrants in Germany
Authors: Dautaj Anxhela , Pistulli Filip , Noack Peter , Eckstein Katharina , Hübner Jutta , Ahmadi Emadaldin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
This research focuses on the Albanian community in Germany, a notable segment of the immigrant population. These immigrants, having relocated for diverse reasons, face opportunities and health-related challenges in their new milieu. It is essential to identify and address these challenges, which predominantly stem from cultural discrepancies, linguistic barriers, and insufficient patient activation to facilitate their integration.
Methods
A cross-sectional, quantitative approach was employed over four months, involving 106 participants. Data collection was executed via a structured questionnaire designed to collect information on the following variables: Patient Activation Measure (PAM), patient satisfaction, doctor’s trust, acculturation, cultural competency.
Results
The study reveals that Albanian immigrants frequently struggle with healthcare access in Germany. Significant factors influencing patient satisfaction include the perceived trustworthiness of healthcare providers, patient activation levels, cultural competence, and degree of acculturation. In contrast, economic factors such as personal financial resources did not significantly affect satisfaction outcomes. These insights are vital for healthcare providers and policymakers, highlighting the need for targeted strategies to bolster patient activation among Albanian immigrants.
Conclusion
The findings underscore the critical importance of enhancing patient activation and fostering a trust-based relationship between doctors and patients. Additionally, improving acculturation processes could significantly augment the healthcare experiences of immigrants. This study contributes to the broader discourse on immigrant health integration, offering evidence-based recommendations for policy and practice adjustments in Germany.
Creation and characterization of warm dense matter isochorically heated by an intense laser-driven
proton beam to temperatures exceeding 100 eV.
Authors: Bailly-Grandvaux Mathieu , Bolaños Simon , Kim J , Saret Jacob , McGuffey Christopher , Bhutwala Krish , Nilson Philip , Theobald Wolfgang , Haid Alex , Ivancic Steven , Beg Farhat 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The warm dense matter (WDM) is an exotic state of matter encountered in inertial confinement implosions for fusion energy, as well as the interiors of giant planets like Jupiter, brown dwarfs, the atmospheres of white dwarfs, neutron star crusts, and newly discovered exo-planets. One efficient way to create WDM is to use protons accelerated by a high-intensity short-pulse laser to isochorically heat dense samples to WDM states. Despite its importance, direct temperature measurements within WDM targets are scarce. This study utilizes an intense proton beam generated by the kilojoule EP laser further focused and guided by a curved foil and cone structure to efficiently heat a thin copper sample. A high-resolution streaked spectrometer tuned to copper Kα fluorescence lines provided bulk temperature measurements every ~2 ps, revealing temperatures exceeding 100 eV in under 50 ps. Particle-in-cell simulations of proton transport and energy deposition closely matched the observed heating dynamics, including transverse temperature gradients revealed by the broadening of Kα lines.
Diphenhydramine-mediated modulation of inward rectifier IK1 current induces conduction blocks in the rat pulmonary veins myocardium and facilitates supraventricular proarrhythmicity
Authors: Egorov Yury , Abramov Alexandr A. , Filatova Tatiana S. , Pustovit Oksana B. , Karhov Andrew M. , Voronina Yana A. , Kuzmin Vlad S. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Diphenhydramine (DPH) is a first-generation antihistamine drug widely used for allergy and other non-allergic conditions. It is known that DHP is not free of adverse effects including induction of tachyarrhythmias. Nevertheless, the mechanisms behind DPH proarrhythmicity is not well understood. In the present study in vivo ECG recordings in rats, microelectrode registration in ventricular, atrial and pulmonary vein (PV) isolated tissue, optical mapping of bioelectrical activity in supraventricular tissue preparations as well as patch-clamping for IK1 recordings in rat cardiac myocytes were used for analysis of mechanisms of DHP-induced proarrhythmicity. It is shown that DPH unable to alter heart rate, however, significantly increases duration of QT intervals in rats. Also, DPH induces substantial prolongation of action potentials (AP) in the rat ventricular myocardium. These effects are mediated by DPH-induced attenuation of both inward and functional outward components of inward rectifier (IK1) current. In the rat pulmonary veins the diphenhydramine causes substantial proarrhythmic changes including resting potential (RP) shift to less negative values, AP amplitude decrease and electrotonic-like responses as well as inexcitability, slowing of the conduction velocity, conduction blocks. An adrenaline partially antagonizes DPH-caused RP shift and inexcitability induction, however facilitates PV-derived ectopy and circulation of excitation in presence of DPH in the cardiac tissue of the pulmonary veins. In conclusion, DPH-induced attenuation IK1 promotes formation of the functional substrate highly prone to re-entrant conduction and adrenergically-induced ectopy in the cardiac tissue of pulmonary veins. Thus, DPH in addition to its torsadegenicity may facilitate induction of atrial fibrillation.
YOLOv8-GK: Tomato leaf disease detection algorithm
Authors: Xiao Huiting , Ning Chongyang , He Haojie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Tomato leaf diseases seriously affect the yield and quality of tomatoes, so it is crucial to detect leaf diseases accurately. In recent years, the use of deep learning techniques has significantly improved the accuracy of plant leaf disease detection. However, the existing deep learning detection models perform poorly when confronted with the mutual occlusion between leaves, the change of light, and interference from complex backgrounds such as plants and soil. To overcome the challenge of accurately locating and classifying tomato leaf diseases in complex scenarios, this paper proposes a real-time leaf disease detection method based on YOLOv8. On the one hand, to address the defect of capturing global contextual information and the problem of gradient vanishing in deep networks, a GIP-SPPF module is constructed by integrating global background information and edge information. This module preserves the edge cross information, effectively reducing the training difficulty while improving the model performance. On the other hand, to effectively reduce the size of model parameters, we introduced a depthwise separable convolutional structure and combined it with the idea of a residual connection mechanism to construct KOIDSConv, which not only significantly improves the lightweight of the model, but also enhances feature fusion and information complementarity between different channels. The results show that the YOLOv8-GK model has better detection performance than other detection methods in the dataset constructed in this paper, with a high mAP of 98.06%.
Effect of deltoid–trapezius overlap repair on acromioclavicular joint stability: A biomechanical study using fresh-frozen cadavers
Authors: Kurata Shimpei , Inoue Kazuya , Tsujimura Keisuke , Imanaka Akira , Mondori Takamitsu , Shimizu Takamasa , Kawamura Kenji , Omokawa Shohei , Mahakkanukrauh Pasuk , Tanaka Yasuhito 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background: Severe acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation is associated with damage to the deltoid and trapezius muscles. However, studies on the role of these muscles in AC joint stability are limited. To evaluate AC joint stability achieved by deltoid–trapezius overlap repair (DTOR) and compare it with that provided by the coracoclavicular (CC) ligament. We hypothesized that DTOR would improve the vertical and horizontal stability of the AC joint.
Methods: This study was conducted using six fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders from three male and three female specimens (mean age, 76.5 years; range, 67–92 years). The study involved fixing the left side of the trunk, upper limb, and spine and measuring clavicular displacement via an electromagnetic tracker. Distal clavicular dislocation was simulated with sequential sectioning of the deltoid, trapezius, AC, and CC ligaments, followed by DTOR as follows: Stage 0, intact; Stage 1, the deltoid, trapezius, AC ligament, and AC joint capsule were sectioned; Stage 2, the trapezoid ligament was sectioned; Stage 3, the conoid ligament was sectioned; and Stage 4, DTOR was performed. The superior displacement was measured during inferior traction of the upper limb, and the posterior and lateral displacements were measured during horizontal adduction of the upper limb.
Results: After sectioning the conoid ligament, the superior displacement significantly increased. Although performing DTOR afterward significantly reduced the superior displacement, it remained significantly larger than the displacement observed before sectioning the conoid ligament. Posterior and lateral displacements significantly increased after sectioning the conoid ligament but did not significantly decrease after DTOR.
Conclusion: The DTOR-induced restraint of the AC joint in the superior, posterior, and lateral directions to improve its dynamic stability of the AC joint was inferior to the static stability provided by the CC ligament. However, because DTOR can achieve superior stability of the AC joint, it can be performed as an additional reinforcement procedure for treating AC joint dislocation.
Covalent-fragment screening identifies selective inhibitors of multiple Staphylococcus aureus serine hydrolases important for growth and biofilm formation
Authors: Bogyo Matthew , Upadhyay Tulsi , Woods Emily , Ahator Stephen , Julin Kjersti , Faucher Franco , Hollander Marijn , Pedowitz Nichole , Abegg Daniel , Hammond Isabella , Eke Ifeanyichukwu , Wang Sijie , Chen Shiyu , Bennett John , Jo Jeyun , Lentz Christian , Adibekian Alex , Fellner Matthias 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of bacteria-associated mortality worldwide. This is largely because infection sites are often difficult to localize and the bacteria forms biofilms which are not effectively cleared using classical antibiotics. Therefore, there is a need for new tools to both image and treat S. aureus infections. We previously identified a group of S. aureus serine hydrolases known as fluorophosphonate-binding hydrolases (Fphs), which regulate aspects of virulence and lipid metabolism. However, because their structures are similar and their functions overlap, it remains challenging to distinguish the specific roles of individual members of this family. In this study, we applied a high-throughput screening approach using a library of covalent electrophiles to identify inhibitors for FphB, FphE, and FphH. We identified inhibitors that irreversibly bind to the active-site serine residue of each enzyme with high potency and selectivity without requiring extensive medicinal chemistry optimization. Structural and biochemical analysis identified novel binding modes for several of the inhibitors. Selective inhibitors of FphH impaired both bacterial growth and biofilm formation while Inhibitors of FphB and FphE had no impact on cell growth and only limited impact on biofilm formation. These results suggest that all three hydrolases likely play functional, but non-equivalent roles in biofilm formation and FphH is a potential target for development of therapeutics that have both antibiotic and anti-biofilm activity. Overall, we demonstrate that focused covalent fragment screening can be used to rapidly identify highly potent and selective electrophiles targeting bacterial serine hydrolases. This approach could be applied to other classes of lipid hydrolases in diverse pathogens or higher eukaryotes.
Single-cell multi-omics analysis identifies metabolism-linked epigenetic reprogramming as a driver of therapy-resistant medulloblastoma
Authors: Vibhakar Rajeev , Veo Bethany , Wang Dong , DeSisto John , Pierce Angela 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most prevalent malignant brain tumor in children, exhibiting clinical and genomic heterogeneity. Of the four major subgroups, Group 3 tumors (MYC-MB), display high levels of MYC and metastasis rates. Despite treatment with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, patients with Group 3 MB are more likely to develop aggressive recurrent tumors with poor survival. To examine resistance mechanisms, single nuclei multiome analysis of matched primary and recurrent tumors was performed in this study. A persistent progenitor population supporting resistance to therapy was identified. Additionally, distinct chromatin landscapes are linked to altered transcription and correspond to metabolic reprogramming. In vivo modeling of radiation resistance resolves similar chromatin-based metabolic reprogramming focused on wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1) activity. IDH1 inhibition reverses resistance-mediated chromatin changes and enables radiation re-sensitization. Ultimately, these findings demonstrate the efficacy of single-cell multiome analysis in elucidating resistance mechanisms and identifying novel target pathways for MYC-driven medulloblastoma.
Surveying Genetic Markers of Antibiotic Resistance and Genomic Background in Chlamydia trachomatis: Insights from a Multiplex NGS-Based Approach in Clinical Strains from Portugal
Authors: Lodhia Zohra , Silva Jorge Costa da , Correia Cristina , Cordeiro Dora , João Inês , Carreira Teresa , Schäfer Sandra , Aliyeva Elzara , Portugal Clara , Monge Isabel , Goncalves Elsa , Matos Susana , Dias Ana Paula , Côrte-Real Rita , Carpinteiro Dina , Duarte Sílvia , Vieira Luís , Gomes João Paulo , Borges Vítor , Borrego Maria José 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives: To survey genetic markers of potential antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to macrolides and fluoroquinolones among C. trachomatis-positive samples from the collection of the Portuguese National Reference Laboratory for STI and explore the application of a multiplex PCR approach coupled with Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) to provide complementary information regarding strain’s genomic backbone.
Methods: 502 C. trachomatis-positive samples were subjected to PCR and sequencing of five targets, including loci potentially driving AMR (23S rRNA, gyrAand parC) and loci potentially informative about strain’s genomic backbone with emphasis on LGV/non-LGV and L2/L2b differentiation (an 9bp insertion in pmpH, a 74bp insertion upstream from CT105 and the polymorphic CT442).
Results: No samples evidencing 23S rRNA mutations recognisably linked to macrolide resistant were found. Three samples harboured the Ser83Ile mutation in GyrA putatively driving fluoroquinolone resistance: two recombinant L2-L2b/D-Da (0.4%) and one L2 (0.2%). The screened regions inpmpH, upstream CT105, and CT442, were fully concordant with LGV/non-LGV differentiation. As expected, the pmpH L2b-specific genetic trait locus was detected in all L2b and recombinant L2-L2b/D-Da ompA-genotypes, but also in 96.0% of L2 specimens, which also likely possess an L2b genomic backbone. The insertion upstream CT105 exhibited full LGV-specificity, constituting a promising target for the development of rapid LGV diagnostic assays.
Conclusions: This study contributes to enhance the knowledge on C. trachomatis molecular epidemiology, suggesting that the known genetic determinants of AMR are not disseminated in clinical C. trachomatisstrains, and presents an exploratory approach that can be suitable for LGV/non-LGV and L2/L2b genomic background differentiation.
Zero-Knowledge Cross-User De-Duplication for Big Data Storage on Cloud
Authors: Karthika R N , Valliyammai C , Sundaravadivel P , Isaac R.Augustian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The rise of cloud computing and the prodigious volume of data in cloud storage has been a forerunner and expediter to the emergence of big data. Cloud computing has become the platform for centralized pools of resources such as applications, networks and storage services. As there is an enormous increase in data, it leads to duplicate/redundant copies of information on cloud servers. To eliminate that redundant information, data de-duplication has become the mainstream technology in cloud storage. In the view of removing redundant data, secure cross user source-based de-duplication and integrity auditing delegation technique have been perlustrated. In this paper, a pooled technique is proposed to perform both Zero-Knowledge and public integrity auditing of data in big data storage. De-duplication, along with data integrity, frees up the space in the cloud server and ensures the security of the stored data. The originality of the proposed methodology covers three folds. Firstly, an enhanced cuckoo hashing algorithm is used to identify duplicate chunks, which improves the overall performance as the time required to find is significantly less compared to traditional hashing algorithms. Secondly, after hashing, the de-duped data hash index is transmitted and checked for de-duplication in Cloud Service Provider (CSP). The missing hash values of the corresponding data chunk alone will be sent to the CSP. If there is any data loss during this transmission, it can be recovered through Reed-Solomon (RS) mechanism. Thirdly, the proposed key exchange algorithm inherits the security enhancement of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). Several experiments are conducted on the proposed technique with state-of-art under various use cases and user scenarios. The proposed framework uses less computation power and frees up storage space up to 86.77 % which is higher than other state-of-the-art deduplication algorithms. The upload and download response time for file encoding is stable even when the file size is more prodigious. Subsequently, the proposed zero-knowledge cross-user data de-dupe mechanism is stable despite the variation in file size.
Toll-like receptor4 and 8 are overexpressed in lung biopsies of human non-small cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Ceccarelli Silvia , Marzolesi Viola Pasqua , Vannucci Jacopo , Bellezza Guido , Floridi Claudia , Nocentini Giuseppe , Cari Luigi , Traina Giovanna , Petri Davide , Puma Francesco , Conte Carmela 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide which includes two main types of carcinoma distinguished in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) involving epithelial cells, and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) affecting neuronal cells and hormone secreting cells. Studies have shown a causal link between inflammation/innate immunity and onset of NSCLC. Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), in particular TLR4 and TLR8 in patients with NSCLC.Methods Patients surgically treated for NSCLC with anatomical resections and patients with benign disease were enrolled. The expression levels of TLR4 and TLR8 were determined by real time PCR and by immunohistochemical analysis in PBMC and in lung tissues, respectively. A preliminary in silico analysis included 1194 arrays from healthy and cancer tissues extracted by Genevestigator database. The association between TLRs gene expression and survival outcome was also investigated.Results Bioinformatics analysis showed a downregulation of TLR4 and TLR8 which positively impacts the survival in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). However, no significant differences between case and control groups were observed for gene expression of TLR4 and TLR8 in PBMC. A positive correlation was found in their expression levels. Interestingly, immunohistochemical analysis showed that the levels of TLR4 and TLR8 were higher in the lung tissues of patients with NSCLC than in the control group either as staining intensity and as positive cells.Conclusions Albeit the precise role of TLRs is not fully defined, this study identified the expression of TLR4 and TLR8 in the pathogenesis of NSCLC. Our data support a possible role for TLR4 and TLR8 in increase overall survival and may serve as a potential biomarker with a diagnostic and prognostic value in NSCLC.
КОЛИИВЩИНА В ИСТОРИЧЕСКОЙ ПАМЯТИ
Authors: Таирова Т.Г. 
Published: December 2024

В статье поднимаются вопросы исторической памяти и определяются места памяти еврейского, польского и украинского народов, связанные с событиями Колиивщины – гайдамацкого восстания на Правобережной Украине в 1768 г. Рассматривается, какое отражение получили эти события в произведениях литературы, молитвах, преданиях, исторических думах и песнях. Автор делает вывод о различиях между тремя народами не только в восприятии событий, но и в местах памяти, а также основных действующих лицах. Многие предания имеют историческую ценность, так как подтверждаются источниками.
The article raises questions of the historical memory and the places of memory of the Jewish, Polish and Ukrainian people, associated with the events of Koliivshchyna – the Hajdamak uprising at the Right-Bank Ukraine in 1768. The author examines the reflections of these events in literature, prayers, stories, historical songs. It is concluded that the three peoples had not only different perception of the events, but also different places of memory and different heroes. Despite the fantastic nature of many legends, some of them have the historical value being confirmed by documents.