bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of artificial neural networks to improve accuracy of vocational competence selection of vocational school students using nguyen-widrow
Authors: Christyaditama I G P , Candiasa I M , Gunadi I G A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The present study used Neural Network Backpropagation combined with Nguyen-Widrow to optimize the disadvantages of ANN causes, which is the difficulty in initializing initial weights. The test was conducted on a dataset of values in semesters 1 and 2. The test results show that the best performance in training model of artificial neural networks with Nguyen-widrow is the smallest average MSE error of 0.002 and the highest average accuracy of 96.38%. Training on artificial neural network model training data with Nguyen-widrow has the smallest MSE error, 0.000996 and the highest accuracy is 97.49% on architecture ANN 9-9.1 with training function parameters: traingdx, epoch: 1000, learning rate: 0.1, and error: 0.001. The best performance was also seen in testing the testing of artificial neural network models with Nguyen-widrow with the smallest average error-MSE of 0.026 and the highest average accuracy of 87.85%. Training data testing on artificial neural network models with Nguyen-widrow has the smallest error-MSE which is 0.004436 and the highest accuracy is 94.50% on architecture ANN 9-9.1 with training function parameters: traingdx, epoch: 1000, learning rate: 0.1, and error: 0.001. The artificial neural network model with Nguyen-widrow has an accuracy difference of 8.53% smaller than the artificial neural network model with an accuracy difference of 9.28%. It can be concluded that the Artificial Neural Network with Nguyen-Widrow can overcome the ANN problem in determining initial weights so that it gives an increase in the accuracy of the prediction of students’ competency selection better than the Artificial Neural Network without Nguyen-Widrow.
Environmental Rehabilitation of Volga-Akhtuba Floodplain
Authors: Kalinin V V , Loboyko V F , Solovyova O A , Likhomanova M A , Ovcharova A Y , Loboyko A V 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The research considers the water bodies of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain requiring an optimal hydrological regime, aimed at preserving floodplain oak groves, soil fertility, spawning sites and at the development of the territory agricultural potential. New solutions are presented, aimed at complex approach to floodplain territory rehabilitation, at minimization of floodplain degradation and at its restoration, instead of traditional hydro-mechanized work on cleaning tracts, eriks and lakes of the floodplain. A phased restoration of the floodplain natural state and creation of balanced ecosystem with an operating self-purification mechanism are planned as a result of the proposed measures being implemented. These measures enable to increase the acreage of irrigated lands for vegetable crops by accumulating spring flood waters in the water bodies of Volga-Akhtuba floodplain.
An asymptotic and empirical smoothing parameters selection method for smoothing spline ANOVA models in large samples
Authors: Sun Xiaoxiao , Zhong Wenxuan , Ma Ping 
Published: June 2020

Summary
Large samples are generated routinely from various sources. Classic statistical models, such as smoothing spline ANOVA models, are not well equipped to analyse such large samples because of high computational costs. In particular, the daunting computational cost of selecting smoothing parameters renders smoothing spline ANOVA models impractical. In this article, we develop an asympirical, i.e., asymptotic and empirical, smoothing parameters selection method for smoothing spline ANOVA models in large samples. The idea of our approach is to use asymptotic analysis to show that the optimal smoothing parameter is a polynomial function of the sample size and an unknown constant. The unknown constant is then estimated through empirical subsample extrapolation. The proposed method significantly reduces the computational burden of selecting smoothing parameters in high-dimensional and large samples. We show that smoothing parameters chosen by the proposed method tend to the optimal smoothing parameters that minimize a specific risk function. In addition, the estimator based on the proposed smoothing parameters achieves the optimal convergence rate. Extensive simulation studies demonstrate the numerical advantage of the proposed method over competing methods in terms of relative efficacy and running time. In an application to molecular dynamics data containing nearly one million observations, the proposed method has the best prediction performance.
Morphology, anatomy, phylogenetics and distribution of fossil and extant Trochodendraceae in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Manchester Steven R , Kvaček Zlatko , Judd Walter S 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe present the oldest known occurrences of crown-group Trochodendraceae based on new material from the Palaeocene of Wyoming, USA. Two genera are recognized, Trochodendron and Eotrochion gen. nov. The fossil fruit of Trochodendron infernense sp. nov. is represented by a pedicellate, apically dehiscent capsular fruit composed of nine follicle-like units, each bearing a persistent convex style. The basal part is ornamented with numerous raised stamen scars. From the same deposits, Eotrochion is represented by infructescences, fruits and associated leaves. The infructescences are racemes of numerous apically dehiscent capsules, each with c. 14–16 styles, each with an underlying nectary and receptacles lacking stamen scars, but possessing a prominent perianth scar. A phylogenetic assessment of the modern species, plus representatives of four extinct genera of fossil Trochodendraceae based on available morphological characters, yields a favoured topology of Trochodendron(Eotrochion(Concavistylon kvacekii(C. wehrii (Pentacentron, Tetracentron)))). A parsimony analysis of currently available characters indicates that C. wehrii renders Concavistylon non-monophyletic. Accordingly, we transfer it to Paraconcavistylon gen. nov., characterized by pendent, rather than erect infructescences. We also reconsider the extinct Nordenskioeldia (Late Cretaceous to Miocene), the prior placement of which in Trochodendraceae has been challenged, and we consider it to fall outside the crown group of the family.
Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC and CE Methods for Simultaneous Determination of Bisoprolol and Perindopril in Pharmaceutical Formulation: A Comparative Study
Authors: Hassan Said A , Nashat Nancy W , Elghobashy Mohamed R , Abbas Samah S , Moustafa Azza A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Two fast, accurate and selective stability-indicating methods were developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of bisoprolol, perindopril and three of their possible degradation products. The first proposed method was a gradient reversed phase-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, whereas the second was a capillary electrophoresis method. The structures of the obtained degradation products were elucidated using infrared and mass spectrometry. They were also confirmed to be either a drug impurity in the British Pharmacopoeia or a precursor to such impurity. The linearity for bisoprolol and perindopril was achieved in the range of 1–20 μg mL−1 and 5–30 μg mL−1 for HPLC and capillary electrophoresis methods, respectively. The proposed methods were validated according to the International Conference on Harmonisation guidelines. The HPLC method proved to be more sensitive and succeeded in the quantitative determination of the obtained degradation products. Also, it was able to quantify perindopril impurity up to three times lower than the desired limit set by the British Pharmacopoeia. They were successfully employed in the determination of bisoprolol and perindopril in their combined pharmaceutical formulation.
Destination Image Recognition And Emotion Analysis: Evidence From User-Generated Content Of Online Travel Communities
Authors: Huang Weidong , Zhu Shuting , Yao Xinkai 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The tourism destination image is an intangible value that enhances the internal and external spiritual value of the region. To improve tourist experiences and provide reference for relevant departments, we applied the GooSeeker web data crawler tool and Python data mining kit to crawl and analyze the representative online tourism community data. We conduct an empirical analysis through data from the online tourist community ‘mafengwo’. The result, based on the user-generated content data analysis of online travel community, shows that the tourists' perception of the destination image, cognitive theme and emotional experience has different effects on the tourist experience. This research offers insights into destination image cognitive theme and traveler behavior habits, which can provide guidance for platform and destination managers.
Electrophysiology in the time of coronavirus: coping with the great wave
Authors: Li Jia , Mazzone Patrizio , Leung Lisa W M , Lin Weiqian , D’Angelo Giuseppe , Ma Jun , Li Jin , Akhtar Zaki , Li Yuechun , Della Bella Paolo , Lin Jiafeng , Gallagher Mark M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Aims
To chart the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the activity of interventional electrophysiology services in affected regions.

Methods and results
We reviewed the electrophysiology laboratory records in three affected cities: Wenzhou in China, Milan in Italy, and London in the UK. We inspected catheter lab records and interviewed electrophysiologists in each centre to gather information on the impact of the pandemic on working patterns and on the health of staff members and patients. There was a striking decline in interventional electrophysiology activity in each of the centres. The decline occurred within a week of the recognition of widespread community transmission of the virus in each region and shows a striking correlation with the national figures for new diagnoses of COVID-19 in each case. During the period of restriction, workflow dropped to &lt;5% of normal, consisting of emergency cases only. In two of three centres, electrophysiologists were redeployed to perform emergency work outside electrophysiology. Among the centres studied, only Wenzhou has seen a recovery from the restrictions in activity. Following an intense nationwide programme of public health interventions, local transmission of COVID-19 ceased to be detectable after 18 February allowing the electrophysiology service to resume with a strict testing regime for all patients.

Conclusion
Interventional electrophysiology is vulnerable to closure in times of great social difficulty including the COVID-19 pandemic. Intense public health intervention can permit suppression of local disease transmission allowing resumption of some normal activity with stringent precautions.
The thermo-regulated genetic switch of deep-sea filamentous phage SW1 and its distribution in the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Meng Canxing , Li Site , Fan Qilian , Chen Rouke , Hu Yang , Xiao Xiang , Jian Huahua 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Viruses, especially bacteriophages, are thought to have important functions in the deep-sea ecosystem, but little is known about the induction mechanism of benthic phages in response to environmental change. Our prior work characterized a cold-active filamentous phage SW1 that infects the deep-sea bacterium Shewanella piezotolerans WP3; however, the underlying mechanism of the putative thermo-regulated genetic switch of SW1 is still unclear. In this study, the DNA copy number and mRNA abundance of the deep-sea phage SW1 were quantified in the whole life cycle of its host S. piezotolerans WP3 at different temperatures. Our results demonstrated that the induction of SW1 is dependent on a threshold temperature (4°C), but this dependency is not proportional to temperature gradient. RNA-Seq analyses revealed two highly transcribed regions at 4°C and verified the presence of a long 3′ untranslated region (UTR) in the SW1 genome. Interestingly, recruitment analysis showed that SW1-like inoviruses prevail in deep sea (depth &gt;1000 m) and photic epipelagic and mesopelagic zones (depth &lt;1000 m), which suggested that the thermo-regulated genetic switch revealed in SW1 may be widely distributed in the ocean.
Centering Human Subjects: The Ethics of “Desk Research” on Political Violence
Authors: Hoover Green Amelia , Cohen Dara Kay 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Quantitative data about political violence are frequently based on “desk research,” data derived from secondary sources that do not require direct contact between researchers and participants, such as people who witnessed or experienced violence. The research that employs these data is often viewed implicitly as ethically uncomplicated. In contrast, we argue that the production and analysis of political violence data coded from secondary sources require careful ethical deliberation regarding human subjects concerns. We consider two broad classes of quantitative political violence data often gathered through desk research: incident lists and indices. For both types, we identify ethical concerns about how data production and use can affect research participants. We conclude by offering a series of suggestions on how to incorporate ethical considerations about human subjects into the design and evaluation of political violence research based on secondary sources.
High detection rate of azole-resistantAspergillus fumigatusafter treatment with azole antifungal drugs among patients with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in a single hospital setting with low azole resistance
Authors: Takeda Keita , Suzuki Junko , Watanabe Akira , Arai Teppei , Koiwa Tomohiro , Shinfuku Kyota , Narumoto Osamu , Kawashima Masahiro , Fukami Takeshi , Tamura Atsuhisa , Nagai Hideaki , Matsui Hirotoshi , Kamei Katsuhiko 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe prevalence of azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus (ARAF) among chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) patients treated with azoles in Japan is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the detection rate of ARAF in isolates from CPA patients who were treated with azoles for varying durations. The potential mechanism of acquiring resistance was examined by sequencing cyp51A and hmg1, two genes associated with ARAF. A. fumigatus isolates (n = 120) were collected from CPA patients (n = 104) between February 2012 and February 2019, at National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital. The isolates were tested for susceptibility to the azole drugs itraconazole (ITCZ) and voriconazole (VRCZ). The detection rate of ARAF among all isolates was 8.3% (n = 10). Of the 10 resistant isolates, eight were ITCZ-resistant and five were VRCZ-resistant. Among 47 isolates obtained from 36 CPA patients who were treated with ITCZ (for an average of 256 days) and/or VRCZ (for an average of 29 days), the resistance rates were 17.0% and 10.6%, respectively. In addition, 46.2% of 13 isolates obtained from CPA patients with ongoing azole treatment at the time of antifungal therapy failure were resistant to azoles. Among the 10 ARAF isolates, a point mutation was detected in cyp51A in seven isolates and in hmg1 in two isolates. ARAF was detected at a high rate in CPA patients, particularly in those with ongoing long-term azole treatment, at the time of azole antifungal therapy failure.
Relative importance of convective uncertainties in massive stars
Authors: Kaiser Etienne A , Hirschi Raphael , Arnett W David , Georgy Cyril , Scott Laura J A , Cristini Andrea 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
In this work, we investigate the impact of uncertainties due to convective boundary mixing (CBM), commonly called ‘overshoot’, namely the boundary location and the amount of mixing at the convective boundary, on stellar structure and evolution. For this we calculated two grids of stellar evolution models with the MESA code, each with the Ledoux and the Schwarzschild boundary criterion, and vary the amount of CBM. We calculate each grid with the initial masses of 15, 20, and $25\, \rm {M}_\odot$. We present the stellar structure of the models during the hydrogen and helium burning phases. In the latter, we examine the impact on the nucleosynthesis. We find a broadening of the main sequence with more CBM, which is more in agreement with observations. Furthermore, during the core hydrogen burning phase there is a convergence of the convective boundary location due to CBM. The uncertainties of the intermediate convective zone remove this convergence. The behaviour of this convective zone strongly affects the surface evolution of the model, i.e. how fast it evolves redwards. The amount of CBM impacts the size of the convective cores and the nucleosynthesis, e.g. the 12C to 16O ratio and the weak s-process. Lastly, we determine the uncertainty that the range of parameter values investigated introduces and we find differences of up to $70{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for the core masses and the total mass of the star.
DC3N observations towards high-mass star-forming regions
Authors: Rivilla V M , Colzi L , Fontani F , Melosso M , Caselli P , Bizzocchi L , Tamassia F , Dore L 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
We present the study of deuteration of cyanoacetylene (HC3N) towards a sample of 28 high-mass star-forming cores divided into different evolutionary stages, from starless to evolved protostellar cores. We report for the first time the detection of DC3N towards 15 high-mass cores. The abundance ratios of DC3N with respect HC3N range in the interval 0.003–0.022, lower than those found in low-mas protostars and dark clouds. No significant trend with the evolutionary stage, or with the kinetic temperature of the region, has been found. We compare the level of deuteration of HC3N with those of other molecules towards the same sample, finding weak correlation with species formed only or predominantly in gas phase (N2H+ and HNC, respectively), and no correlation with species formed only or predominantly on dust grains (CH3OH and NH3, respectively). We also present a single-dish map of DC3N towards the protocluster IRAS 05358+3543, which shows that DC3N traces an extended envelope (∼0.37 pc) and peaks towards two cold condensations separated from the positions of the protostars and the dust continuum. The observations presented in this work suggest that deuteration of HC3N is produced in the gas of the cold outer parts of massive star-forming clumps, giving us an estimate of the deuteration factor prior to the formation of denser gas.
Current usage of tumor treating fields for glioblastoma
Authors: Lassman Andrew B , Joanta-Gomez Adela E , Pan Peter C , Wick Wolfgang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Tumor Treating Fields (TTF) have entered clinical practice for newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastoma (GGM). However, controversies remain unresolved with regard to appropriate usage. We sought to determine TTF usage in major academic neuro-oncology programs in New York City, USA and Heidelberg, Germany and understand current attitudes toward TTF usage among providers.

Methods
We retrospectively determined TTF usage among patients with GGM, before and since the publication of key clinical trial results and regulatory approvals. We also surveyed attendees of an educational session related to TTF during the 2019 American Society of Clinical Oncology annual meeting.

Results
TTF usage remains infrequent (3–12% of patients with newly diagnosed GBM, and 0–16% of patients with recurrent disease) in our practices, although it has increased over time. Among 30 survey respondents (77% of whom self-identified as neuro- or medical oncologists), 60% were convinced that TTF prolongs survival for newly diagnosed GGM despite published phase III data and regulatory approval, and only 30% viewed TTF as definitively part of the standard of care treatment. A majority (87%) opposed mandating TTF incorporation into the design of clinical trials.

Conclusions
Providers continue to view TTF with some level of skepticism, with a lack of additional supportive data and logistical concerns representing continued barriers to uptake.
Coherent quantum transport through ferromagnetic graphene structures: Effects of Rashba spin–orbit coupling
Authors: Hasanirokh Kobra , Naderi Fezzeh 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In a system consisting of a monolayer ferromagnetic graphene structure, based on the scattering matrix approach, we study the spin-dependent transmission coefficients, group delay time, magnetoresistance and giant magnetoresistance of spin-polarized electron tunneling through the Rashba barrier in single-layer graphene. The results show that Rashba spin–orbit coupling can cause a natural spin filter mechanism; it thus has a significant role in controlling the transmission probabilities. In addition, the quantum transport properties of our system depend critically on the structural parameters. The incidence angle, energy, barrier number, and exchange energies can strongly control the transport properties of multi-layer graphene. It is predicted that controlling spin-dependent transport in single layer graphene results can develop the well-known spintronics.
When Does Spatial Diversification Usefully Maximize the Durability of Crop Disease Resistance?
Authors: Watkinson-Powell Benjamin , Gilligan Christopher A. , Cunniffe Nik J. 
Published: June 2020

Maximizing the durability of crop disease resistance genes in the face of pathogen evolution is a major challenge in modern agricultural epidemiology. Spatial diversification in the deployment of resistance genes, where susceptible and resistant fields are more closely intermixed, is predicted to drive lower epidemic intensities over evolutionary timescales. This is due to an increase in the strength of dilution effects, caused by pathogen inoculum challenging host tissue to which it is not well-specialized. The factors that interact with and determine the magnitude of this spatial suppressive effect are not currently well understood, however, leading to uncertainty over the pathosystems where such a strategy is most likely to be cost-effective. We model the effect on landscape scale disease dynamics of spatial heterogeneity in the arrangement of fields planted with either susceptible or resistant cultivars, and the way in which this effect depends on the parameters governing the pathosystem of interest. Our multiseason semidiscrete epidemiological model tracks spatial spread of wild-type and resistance-breaking pathogen strains, and incorporates a localized reservoir of inoculum, as well as the effects of within and between field transmission. The pathogen dispersal characteristics, any fitness cost(s) of the resistance-breaking trait, the efficacy of host resistance, and the length of the timeframe of interest all influence the strength of the spatial diversification effect. A key result is that spatial diversification has the strongest beneficial effect at intermediate fitness costs of the resistance-breaking trait, an effect driven by a complex set of nonlinear interactions. On the other hand, however, if the resistance-breaking strain is not fit enough to invade the landscape, then a partially effective resistance gene can result in spatial diversification actually worsening the epidemic. These results allow us to make general predictions of the types of system for which spatial diversification is most likely to be cost-effective, paving the way for potential economic modeling and pathosystem specific evaluation. These results highlight the importance of studying the effect of genetics on landscape scale spatial dynamics within host−pathogen disease systems. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .