bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Cost Estimation Using “Cost Significant Model” on The Structure of Beam Girderdi Development of DPU Bina Marga Bridge Province In East Java
Authors: Wulandari Esti , Witjaksana Budi , Oetomo Wateno , Pramoedjo Hadi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Cost estimation is one of the construction processes to know the amount of cost for the completion of a project. The cost model on the project should be simple, easy, accurate and the results are accountable. This study is intended to find out the work affecting the total cost of bridge construction, model and cost model. Cost method realization model with the cost model used in DPU BinaMarga East Java Province.
This research chose a location in East Java area with research object of Bridge Girder Construction at DPU BinaMarga East Java Province. The data of the research was collected by using a census of development work packages in the same province of East Java whose funds sourced from APBD, from 2011 to 2014. The research data consisted of nearly equal 6 (six) job project data. Data analysis technique used in this research is using descriptive statistical analysis and inferential analysis.
Based on the calculation, there is a procurement of top and installation buildings, stone and masonry work, pavement and asphalt work, reinforcement work, foundation work, and concrete work significantly to the cost of building girder bridge, 84.72% additional cost, otherwise 15.28 % Caused by other causes, Model cost of development of the Bridge with the Model Significant Cost is: Y = 22.971.133,97 + 1,513 X7 + 1,161 X9 + 2,108 X3. A curation of significant models ranged from -10.20 % to + 6.75 %. Estimates with the Significant Cost Model resulted in better results when compared to parameters using long road parameters that have been used in DPU BinaMarga East Java Province with an accuracy ranging from -38.68 % to + 38.05 %.
Detection of Sigatoka Disease in Plantain Using IoT and Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Sweetwilliams F. O. , Matthews V. O. , Adetiba E. , Babalola D. T. , Akande V. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAchieving United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 2 (UN SDG2) infers an imperative to urgently increase food production by up to 70%. However, concerns have risen that increases in food production have not kept pace with increase in world population, which is estimated to reach 10 billion people by the year 2050. In this paper, an IoT with machine learning based system was developed to acquire and process significant indicators such as temperature, moisture, humidity and leave images for the detection of Sigatoka disease in plantain. Appropriate sensors for detecting the stated disease indicators were interfaced with Raspberry Pi3 microcontroller module to collate and transmit the sensor data wirelessly to ThingSpeak, which is the selected cloud based IoT platform. The acquired leave images were further processed using two image descriptors, namely: Scalable Color Descriptor (SCD) and Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) to extract discriminative color and texture features respectively. The features were then classified to detect the diseased or non-diseased class using Multilayer PerceptronArtificial Neural Network (MLP-ANN). The best accuracy of 98% was produced using the HOG descriptor.
Physico-Mechanical Characterisation of Fuel Briquettes made from Blends of Corncob and Rice Husk
Authors: Ajimotokan H. A. , Ibitoye S. E. , Odusote J. K. , Adesoye O. A. , Omoniyi P. O. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Densification of agricultural residues such as husks, shells and cobs into fuel briquettes is an alternative renewable feedstock for producing solid fuels because it improves their physico-mechanical, storage and combustion properties. This paper presents the physico-mechanical characterisation of fuel briquettes made from blends of corncob and rice husk. The raw samples of corncob and rice husk were collected, sorted and pulverised. The pulverised samples were screened to 0.25, 1.0 and 1.75 mm particle sizes, blended at mixing ratios of 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, and 50:50, and afterwards, briquette samples were produced at 25, 50, and 65 kPa compaction pressures respectively with starch as the binder. The variations in the particle size, mixing ratio and compaction pressure have significantly influenced the investigated physico-mechanical properties of the produced briquettes. The briquette made from 80:20 mixing ratio of corncob to rice husk, 0.25 mm particle size and 65 kPa compaction pressure had the highest compressive strength of 111 kN/m2 and the least compressive strength of 39 kN/m2 from briquette with 50:50 ratio of corncob to rice husk, 1.75 mm particle size and 25 kPa compaction pressure. The briquette made from 50:50 mixing ratio of corncob to rice husk, 0.25 mm particle size and 65 kPa compaction pressure spent the longest time to collapse when immersed in water; taking up to 972 seconds and the least time of 480 seconds from briquette with 80:20 mixing ratio corncob to rice husk, 1.75 mm particle size and 25 kPa compaction pressure.
Comprehending the energy consumption pattern of occupancy of an academic structure
Authors: Oyedepo S O , Dirisu J O , Efemwenkiekie U K , Fayomi O S I , Essien E E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The energy consumption in the Covenant University campus community has been investigated. A tour round the structure was undertaken to ascertain the consumption culture and to identify lapses on energy usage. An energy consumption pattern roadmap is necessary in accounting on how energy is used up and decision on utilizing redundant energy. This is the focus of the research work to provide an insight to the rate of energy utility. The electrical energy demands are going to get increased in future. Measures are to be taken to minimize use of electricity everywhere so as to reduce undesirable financial load. It is advisable to carry out energy assessment in the campus from time to time, to achieve more effective and proficient use of energy.
Powering Africa Using An Off-Grid, Stand-Alone, Solar Photovoltaic Model
Authors: Ukoba Kingsley , Fadare Olugbenga , Jen Tien-Chien 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Over 90 % of Sub-Saharan Africa is without electricity access. The rural areas of the few African countries with access lack electricity. Studies have suggested that solar energy systems hold the key to powering the continent. Although, a vast population currently operate fossil-fuel powered generators to meet their basic electricity needs. The study is designed for a 2-bedroom flat inhabited by an average Africa family. A residential building in Akure, Ondo State, Southern Nigeria has this model installed in a stable and reliable condition. The proposed solar photovoltaic model is composed of solar panels, Direct Current (D.C) cables, charge controller, solar batteries, solar inverter, solar bulbs and instrumentation gadgets. The model is an optimum size solar Photovoltaic installation with a maximum power input of 1, 800 W. The maximum allowable load is 1, 000 W and a maximum charging D.C voltage of 28.2 V. The solar-powered system is equipped with a set of six (6) 300 Watts monocrystalline solar panels. A commercial maximum power point tracking (MPPT) charge controller was used for this model. Two (2) units of Deep Cycle AGM Solar Batteries connected in series are installed for the solar photovoltaic system. A pure sine wave solar inverter was used in the developed solar PV model to transform D.C electricity available in the batteries to A.C electricity. Themodel is a flexible one which could be scaled up as may be desired or required. The solar photovoltaic model has a very high prospect for powering Africa. The model has ample potentials to fulfil economic, social and environmental objectives which qualifies it as a sustainable energy option to improve the quality of life. The implementation of this form of sustainable energy will open even development of the continent and end the electricity woes of the populace.
Brief review on the physics of solid-state lighting device
Authors: Emetere M.E , Abodunrin J.T , Fayomi O.O , Iroham C.O 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this review, the chronological advances of solid state lighting (SSL) alongside the theoretical predictions was examined. The discussion includes its crystallographic orientations, substrate growth, colour rendering, misfit dislocations, quantum well fabrication, stacking fault and energy efficiency. It has been discovered that the challenges confronting the potential of SSL devices may not just be ambient temperature of the operating environment or the safe limits of the blue/white-light hazard. This paper sheds more light on the physics responsible for the SSL white lighting, wave function lapping at different crystallographic orientations and stress relaxation limits of quantum well (QW) heterointerfaces.
Effect of Aluminium Addition and Grain Refinement on the Microstructure, Mechanical and Physical Properties of Leaded Brass Alloys
Authors: Egole C.P. , Nzebuka G.C. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Because Cu-Zn alloys have excellent combination of both physical and mechanical properties such as high thermal and electrical conductivities, good tribological behaviour, relative stability in corrosive environments and high mechanical strength, their study is very important for industrial and academic purposes. Review of previous experiments of leaded brasses focused on the effect of small addition of Al on microstructure and mechanical properties and did not evaluate physical behaviour of the alloy. In the current work, the influence of heavy aluminium addition and grain refinement for leaded brasses was investigated and the analysis is extended to physical properties evaluation. The results obtained show that mechanical properties are directly dependent on the microstructure which is in agreement with previous experiments. Initial addition of Al to the alloys does not result to heavy increase in hardness, but further increase in Al and addition of inoculants lead to significant change in hardness. The same pattern of modification was observed in both compressive strength and ultimate tensile strength. For the physical properties, there is little discrepancy to the sequence of their modification, most especially after grain refinement. There is a steady decrease in electrical conductivity even after grain refinement. This is not the case for thermal properties. The thermal conductivity reduced and then increased tremendously after Ti addition. The microstructure was modified with the addition of Al and Ti grain refiners. The presence of Al promoted formation of β-phase seen in the dark regions of the microstructure while Ti aided equiaxed grain formation.
Descriptive perspective on factors affecting the complete adoption of information technology systems in the construction firms
Authors: Dithebe K. , Aigbavboa C.O. , Thwala W.D. , Malabela A.T. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Information technology as a strategy to process, store and transfer information is pivotal for the success delivery of information within different industries, construction in particular. Given the benefits associated with the use information technology this study focuses on the factors that may affect construction firms from being recipients of the benefits of completely adopting information technology systems in South Africa. A quantitative approach was employed to determine factors that require urgent eradication, construction professionals responded to the questionnaire survey that was undertaken. Prior to the survey, data was descriptively analysed using frequencies, percentages, mean item scores and standard deviations. Findings from the study clearly reveal that for construction firms in South Africa to entirely realise the benefits of completely adopting IT systems focus must be shifted away from resisting change, providing inadequate training and employing personnel with no management skills. More so, results show that certainty is required regarding lack of integrity, durability and reliability of the systems, on-going maintenance costs as well as the importance and introduction of client leadership. Above any other barrier, the aspect of costs associated with the complete adoption of IT systems is crucial, while the extent of involvement of key role players needs to be further determined.
Investigation on Effect of Material Compositions on Machinability of Carbon Steels
Authors: Abdulkareem S. , Ogedengbe T. S. , Aweda J. O. , Ajiboye T. K. , Khan A. A. , Babatunde M. A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Steels are basically classified based on their carbon contents. In view of this, the processing of steels is greatly affected by their composition, particularly their carbon content. This paper reports on the machinability of three different steels with varying carbon contents. The steel samples were sourced from Owode metal market in Ilorin, Kwara State and their percentage compositional analysis was carried out at Universal Steels Limited, Lagos. The steel samples were classified into high, medium and low carbon steels based on their percentage carbon content. The machining condition was wet and the machining parameters used were depth of cut (0.2 – 0.6 mm), feed rate (0.05 – 0.15 mm/rev), and cutting speed (100 - 150 rpm). The experimental runs were designed using Taguchi orthogonal array of Minitab version 16 and the cutting temperature was monitored with a digital thermometer and k-type thermocouple wires. The experimental results were analysed using Minitab 18 with a focus on percentage contribution of various factors affecting surface roughness, chip morphology, cutting temperature and material removal rate. Results show that surface finish is highest in low carbon steel and lowest in high carbon steel. The responses show that machinability of the steel improved with a reduction in carbon content.
Use of some agricultural wastes to modify the engineering properties of subgrade soils: A review
Authors: Afolayan O. D. , Olofinade O. M. , Akinwumi I. I. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The drive to diversify the economy in some developing countries have resulted in increased agricultural production and consequently increased agricultural waste. This study reviews some published research works on the reuse of some agricultural wastes for modifying soils with poor engineering properties. The review shows that some agricultural wastes, such as palm oil fuel ash, palm kernel shell ash, rice husk ash, sea-shell powder and sawdust ash, are effective modifiers of subgrade soil and become more effective when combined with traditional stabilizers. The use of stabilizers from agricultural wastes has the potential of reducing the amount of waste disposed of in landfills/dump sites, and at the same time reduce the carbon footprints caused by the use of traditional stabilizers like cement, and the cost of highway construction.
Comparative Study of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Natural Rubber Nanocomposite and Multiflex Dynamic Response – 2 Artificial Foot
Authors: Medupin R. O. , Abubakre O. K. , Abdulkareem A. S. , Muriana R. A. , Abdulrahman A. S. , James J. A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The desire to restore the quality of life to amputees has been on the front burner in recent years. This study compares the functional properties of a home-grown nanocomposite (NC) and multiflex dynamic response-2 artificial foot (M.DR2). The inherent challenge of ensuring uniform distribution of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) in host matrices was addressed by the use of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (C18H29NaO3S). Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synthesised via catalytic chemical vapour deposition (CCVD) technique and the NC was produced using an electrically heated hydraulic press. While the initial decomposition temperature (Tonset) showed that the newly developed material with 260.01 °C is more thermally stable than M.DR2 artificial foot with the temperature of 238.17 °C, incorporation of MWCNTs into the unfilled NR matrix proved a significant change in Tonset. MWCNT loading was found to influence the moisture content of the reinforced matrix by about 7% with the NC being 35% more thermally stable than M. DR2 artificial foot. SEM/EDS micrographs indicated complete embedment of MWCNTs in NR matrix, thereby making it more suitable than M. DR2 foot which was inundated with cavities, thereby making it susceptible to early failure. While it took both materials 120 days to attain saturation point NR/MWCNT-3 is 93% more dimensionally stable that M. DR2 and also demonstrated better resistance to wear. The wear rate results revealed that M. DR2 wears faster than NR/MWCNT-3 by approximately 32%. It can, therefore, be concluded from the foregoing that the home-grown material is to be preferred to its foreign counterpart for anthropomorphic prosthetic foot application.
Application of Recycled Waste Materials for Highway Construction: Prospect and Challenges
Authors: Adegoke D.D. , Ogundairo T. O. , Olukanni D.O , Olofinnade O.M. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Industrialization and continuous increase in population growth have contributed immensely to various kinds of solid waste generation which most times are indiscriminately dumped. These activities have negative effects resulting in environmental pollution which could be a menace to the environment. Moreover, to preserve the environment, many researchers have made efforts to ensure that some of these wastes are recycled and utilized in the production of various alternative materials as a means of sustainable technology. Among several alternative materials for construction, some of these wastes are considered to be very useful.
This study examines the various recycled waste materials that can be adopted for construction, including their prospects and challenges. Some of the recycled waste materials examined are plastic waste, mill tailings, geopolymers, waste glass, rubber tyre waste, shingles, construction and demolition wastes (C&D) and slag. These recycled materials have been accepted globally due to their characteristic properties which made the materials suitable in the construction industry. This review also examines some limitations relating to the adoption of these materials as alternative construction materials for highway/pavement construction. However, it is generally accepted that reuse of waste materials in construction industry has minimal environmental impact and their exploration would have huge economic impact.
Parametric Effects of Fused Deposition Modelling on the Mechanical Properties of Polylactide Composites: A Review
Authors: Kehinde Aworinde Abraham , Oluropo Adeosun Samson , Adekunle Oyawale Festus , Titilayo Akinlabi Esther , Akinlabi Stephen A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Polymers are generally inferior in mechanical properties to metals which are the current orthopaedic material for osseointegration in many parts of the world today. This assertion also applies to poly(lactic acid) (PLA), a polyester that has been recently found applicable in tissue remodelling. To improve on its mechanical properties, several processing techniques, inclusive of fused deposition modelling (FDM) also branded as fused filament fabrication (FFF), have been used. FDM has been endeared to many researchers because a range of parameters can be combined to bring about widely different mechanical properties. Although the influence of FDM parameters on the mechanical properties of PLA is clear, the tensile, compressive and flexural strengths obtained so far are inferior to human cortical bone. The need to improve on this production technique for improved mechanical properties is apparent in all the works examined in this review.
Comparative Analysis of Manual Strapping Method (MSM) and Electro-Optical Distance Ranging (EODR) Method of Tank Calibration
Authors: Agboola O. O. , Akinnuli B. O. , Akintunde M. A. , Ikubanni P.P. , Adeleke A. A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Oil storage tanks are mandated for calibration before putting to use and to be recalibrated as a statutory requirement at every five year interval. Oil tanks could be calibrated by geometrical methods such as Manual Strapping Method (MSM) and Electro-Optical Distance Ranging (EODR) method. This study compares both MSM and EODR in terms of cost incurred, duration of calibration and efficiency. Both methods were found to be efficient as they satisfied 95% minimum efficiency as stated by API MPMS 2.2 standard when compared with the wet method of tank calibration; though the cost of EODR was slightly higher than MSM but this was compensated with higher efficiency and reduced duration/time of calibration.
Studies on FT-IR Spectroscopy of modified Montmorillonite clays applied for the removal of T-2 toxin in maize
Authors: Olopade B.K. , Oranusi S.U. , Nwinyi O.C. , Njobeh P.B. , Lawal I.A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Montmorillonite clay has a wide range of industrial applications which include the removal of mycotoxins in foods and feed because of its low toxicity both in vitro and in vivo. T-2 toxin is produced mostly by fungal species of Fusarium. Other T-2 producing fungal species are Myrothecium and Stachybotrys. T-2 toxin poses several health hazards such as dystrophy in the brain, heart, kidney and liver as well as ulceration and necrosis of the digestive tract in man and animals. To reduce T-2 toxin in maize, montmorillonite clay modified with lemongrass essential oil (MMT-LGEO) and montmorillonite clay washed with NaCl (Na-MMT) were applied to maize at a concentration of 8% and 12% and kept under storage for one month at 30°C. Untreated maize samples and unmodified montmorillonite clay (MMT) served as controls. The FTIR spectra were recorded for the two treatments and unmodified montmorillonite clay (MMT) used for the removal of T-2 toxin in maize. The FTIR spectra of the two treatments and unmodified clay (MMT) showed the major functional groups as Si-O and -OH. All the treatments reduced the level of T-2 toxin in maize. However, sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT) and montmorillonite clay modified with lemongrass essential oil (MMT-LGEO) were more efficient than unmodified montmorillonite clay (MMT) in the removal of T-2 toxin in maize.
An Experimental Study on the Effect of Heat Input on the Weld Efficiency of TIG-MIG Hybrid welding of Type 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Ogundimu E. O. , Akinlabi E. T. , Erinosho M. F. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Welding is described as the process of joining metals so that bonding can be created as a result of inter-atomic penetration. This study investigated the impact of heat input on the efficiency of the welding joints of 304 stainless steel. Three welds joint were made from two similar 304 stainless steel plates of thickness 6 mm. The tensile strength outcomes acquired showed that apex average magnitude of 672 MPa is obsessed by the sample A1 with lower thermal input. It was discovered that the percentage elongation, tensile strength and weld joint efficiency decreased with the intensification in thermal input into the weld. The average % elongation for the entire samples ranged from 28.4 % to 36.5 %. Sample A1 had the highest joint efficiency of 94.5 %. However, the optimum welding current of 190 for TIG and MIG hybrid welding of type-304 austenite stainless steel can be recommended for advanced technological applications such as aircraft manufacturing, nuclear industry, automobile industry and processing industry.