bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration for patients with a history of prior biliary surgery: a comparative study with an open approach
Authors: Zhu Jisheng , Du Peng , He Jianpeng , Tong Fengxiong , Xiao Weidong , Li Yong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) is increasingly being used to treat choledocholithiasis. However, few studies have examined the treatment of recurrent common bile duct stones (CBDS) in patients with a history of prior biliary surgery. The current research aimed to compare the outcomes of laparoscopic versus open common bile duct exploration in patients with a history of prior biliary surgery.MethodsBetween March 2010 and August 2019, 162 patients with recurrent CBDS after prior biliary surgery who underwent surgical management in our institution were enrolled in this study. The demographic, intraoperative and postoperative data were retrospectively analysed.ResultsAmong these 162 patients, 72 underwent laparoscopic approach (LCBDE group), and 90 underwent open surgery (open common bile duct exploration group). The LCBDE group was associated with significantly lower overall complication rate, incision infection rate and blood loss compared to open common bile duct exploration group (all P < 0.05). Moreover, the laparoscopic approach significantly reduced the length of postoperative hospital stay (P < 0.05). However, the operative time, stone clearance rate, and stone recurrence rate were not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05). The conversion rate of the laparoscopic approach was 6.9%.ConclusionsLCBDE is superior to open procedure in terms of blood loss, hospital stay, overall complication and incision infection in patients with a history of prior biliary surgery, and it should be considered as a safe and effective treatment if it is performed by an experienced surgeon.
Is colorectal cancer associated with altered bowel habits in young patients?
Authors: Rajagopalan Ashray , Antoniou Ellathios , Morkos Marina , Rajagopalan Ellen , Arachchi Asiri , Chouhan Hanumant , Nguyen Thang Chien , Teoh William 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is a rising incidence in young‐onset colorectal cancer, with these patients falling outside of routine screening programmes. The aim of the study is to characterize the nature of altered bowel habits in young patients who are diagnosed with colorectal cancer.MethodsA retrospective audit was conducted of adult patients younger than 45 years admitted under a Colorectal Surgery unit (Dandenong Hospital, Victoria) from 2011 to 2019 for the resection of colorectal cancer. We compared the patients' self‐characterization of their bowel habits (from the medical record) with clinical and pathological data.ResultsA total of 75 patients were identified, aged between 18 and 45 years, who had surgical resection of colonic or rectal adenocarcinoma between 2011 and 2019. Forty‐two (56%) presented with altered bowel habit (irregular bowel habit n = 13, 17%; constipation n = 13, 17%; diarrhoea n = 23, 31%). Constipation approached significance in association with left‐sided colonic cancer. Fatigue approached significance in association with right‐sided colonic cancers, which were less likely to present with bleeding or constipation, and approached significance in being less likely to present with diarrhoea. Rectal cancers were more likely to present with bleeding.ConclusionConstipation was associated with left‐sided colonic cancers, while right‐sided colonic cancers were less likely to present with either constipation or diarrhoea. Our findings reinforce the need for clinicians to consider colorectal cancer as a differential diagnosis in young patients with altered bowel habits, or in patients with fatigue in the absence of specific bowel symptoms. Further prospective research is needed to further define bowel habits in this cohort.
Resilience to drought in semi‐desert sheep: Effects of water restriction during pregnancy on placental efficiency in the Awassi breed
Authors: Ocak Yetisgin Sezen , Şen Uğur 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAssessing the resilience of Awassi sheep to water shortages during pregnancy, thereby investigating the effects of water scarcity on gestation efficiency in animals, could provide valuable and pertinent insight into future scenarios posed by climate change risks. In this study, 40 pregnant Awassi ewes randomly allocated to free watering group (C, n = 20) received water ad libitum and the water restricted group (WR) received 50% less water than the amount provided to group C. Water restriction decreased (p < .05) lambs’ birth weights, placental weights (PWs), and cotyledon numbers (CNs). Placental efficiency (PE) and cotyledon efficiency (CE) were significantly higher in the WR group (p < .05). A marked difference in cotyledon weight – an increase of 12.1% – was recorded in the C group. The body weights of the pregnant ewes in the WR group decreased significantly (p < .05) by 22% during pregnancy. Significant increases (p < .05) in plasma ADH, cholesterol, Cl−, and Na+ levels were observed in the WR group ewes, indicating intense dehydration. We conclude that the Awassi breed of sheep can endure 50% water restriction during pregnancy and maintain successful parturition, a key outcome for sustainability.
Maternal and neonatal outcomes among incarcerated women who gave birth in custody
Authors: Shlafer Rebecca , Saunders Jennifer B. , Boraas Christy M. , Kozhimannil Katy B. , Mazumder Narayana , Freese Rebecca 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn the United States, the population of incarcerated women has increased by more than 600% since the 1980s. With this rise, correctional facilities have faced new challenges meeting the health care needs of women, especially those who are pregnant. This retrospective cohort study sought to describe five indicators of maternal and neonatal health among women who gave birth in custody, and to compare outcomes among incarcerated women who did and did not receive enhanced pregnancy support.MethodsWe used deidentified electronic health records (EHRs) to examine maternal and neonatal birth outcomes (ie, mode of birth, low birthweight, preterm birth, APGAR score, NICU admission) among women who gave birth in custody. Regression models examined differences in outcomes between women who received enhanced pregnancy support—group prenatal education and one‐on‐one doula visits—and a historical control group of women who received standard prenatal care.ResultsAdverse maternal and neonatal birth outcomes in this sample were rare. No differences in outcomes were found between incarcerated women who received enhanced pregnancy support and the historical control group.ConclusionsDespite evidence for the benefits of enhanced pregnancy support in the general population, this study did not find differences in outcomes between incarcerated women who did and did not receive support. Integrated data from prison and hospital records are innovative, but effect measurement is limited by sample size. Future research should include primary data collection on maternal, neonatal, and dyadic outcomes longitudinally and across prisons.
Biostratigraphy and provenance analysis of the Cretaceous to Palaeogene deposits in southern Tibet: Implications for the India‐Asia collision
Authors: Wang Tianyang , Li Guobiao , Elmes Michele 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUpper Cretaceous to Eocene marine sedimentary sequences of the Yarlung‐Tsangpo Suture Zone (YTSZ) provide critical constraints on the initial process of the India–Asia continental collision and the closure time of the Neo‐Tethyan Ocean. New sedimentological, petrographic, biochronological and detrital zircon age data of Cretaceous–Palaeogene strata from the southern margin of the YTSZ are reported in this study. Detrital zircons from the Lower Cretaceous Gyabula Formation are dominated by Archean to Cambrian U–Pb ages, indicating a likely source originating from the Indian continent. In contrast, zircon ages from the Palaeogene Jiachala Formation are predominantly younger than 200 Ma, with a major peak of ca. 76–187 Ma, which is consistent with a source from either an intra‐oceanic island arc system or the Asian continent. Sixty species of radiolarian fossils obtained from the Gyabula, Zongzhuo and Jiachala Formations provide a regional correlation with the Cretaceous Tethyan realm and Palaeogene low‐latitude biozonation schemes based on the Unitary Association method. The Palaeogene radiolarian zonation UAZ JP10 identified in the Jiachala Formation, when combined with existing absolute age models derived from the Deep Sea Drilling Project and Ocean Drilling Program, indicates an age of ca. 61.8–61.1 Ma. Integration of the biochronological and detrital zircon age data suggests that major changes in provenance occurred at the Indian continental margin, allowing an important timing constraint on the onset of collision to be placed no later than the Danian at ca, 61.8 Ma. This study highlights the significance of focusing on distinct sedimentary sequences in collisional orogens to reconstruct the timing and processes of continental collision events.
circPVT1 promotes osteosarcoma glycolysis and metastasis by sponging miR‐423‐5p to activate Wnt5a/Ror2 signaling
Authors: Wan Jun , Liu Yupeng , Long Feng , Tian Jian , Zhang Can 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is the most prevalent form of bone cancer. It has a high metastatic potential and progresses rapidly. The molecular mechanisms of OS remain unclear and this study aims to examine the functional role of circPVT1 and miR‐423‐5p in OS. Quantitative RT‐PCR (qRT‐PCR) and western blotting were used to examine levels of miR‐423‐5p, circPVT1, Wnt5a, Ror2, and glycolysis‐related proteins, including HK2, PKM2, GLUT1, and LDHA. Colony formation and transwell assays were used to test the roles of miR‐423‐5p, circPVT1, and Wnt5a/Ror2 in OS cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Dual luciferase assay and Ago2‐RIP were used to validate the interactions of miR‐423‐5p/Wnt5a, miR‐423‐5p/Ror2, and circPVT1/miR‐423‐5p. Glucose uptake assay and measurement of lactate production were performed to assess the glycolysis process. A nude mouse xenograft model was used to evaluate the effects of sh‐circPVT1 and miR‐423‐5p mimics on tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. miR‐423‐5p was reduced in both OS tissues and OS cell lines, while Wnt5a/Ror2 and circPVT1 were elevated. miR‐423‐5p bound to 3′‐UTR of Wnt5a and Ror2 mRNA, and inhibited glycolysis and OS cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by targeting Wnt5a and Ror2. circPVT1 interacted with miR‐423‐5p and activated Wnt5a/Ror2 signaling by sponging miR‐423‐5p. Knockdown of circPVT1 or overexpression of miR‐423‐5p suppressed OS tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. miR‐423‐5p inhibited OS glycolysis, proliferation, migration, and metastasis by targeting and suppressing Wnt5a/Ror2 signaling pathway, while circPVT1 promoted those processes by acting as a sponge of miR‐423‐5p.
Oral health and related risk indicators in north‐central Appalachia differ by rurality
Authors: Zhou Yuqiao , Cuddy Richard , McNeil Daniel W. , Wright Casey D. , Crout Richard J. , Feingold Eleanor , Neiswanger Katherine , Marazita Mary L. , Shaffer John R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis cross‐sectional study assessed differences in oral health and related behaviours and risk indicators by rurality in a north‐central Appalachian population using the Andersen behavioural model as a conceptual framework.MethodsParticipants were residents aged 18‐59 years (n = 1311) from the Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia, selected according to a household‐based sampling strategy. Rural‐Urban Continuum codes (RUC) corresponding to the participants’ residences were used to classify participants as rural or urban. Mixed models were used to test rural‐urban differences in measures of oral health, related behaviours, and need, enabling, and predisposing risk indicators. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic variables: age, sex, race, income, perceived socioeconomic status, educational attainment and dental insurance.ResultsRural residents had poorer oral health overall, with fewer sound teeth (β = −1.79), more dental caries (β = 0.27) and higher rates of edentulism (5.2% vs 2.8%). Differences also were observed for dental care utilization and perceived barriers to care. Rural residents were less likely to attend dental visits as often as needed (26.9% vs 42.8%) and were more prone to seek care only after experiencing a dental problem (64.3% vs 43.9%). Rural residents also were more likely to report high costs (89% vs 62.6%) as a major reason for not having dental visits. Rural‐urban differences for some oral health characteristics and behaviours could be explained by sociodemographic characteristics, whereas others could not.ConclusionsThis study revealed rural‐urban differences in risk indicators and oral health outcomes in north‐central Appalachia. Many of these differences were explained, completely or partly, by sociodemographic factors.
Prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms in pregnant women with type 2 diabetes and the impact on glycaemic control
Authors: Ásbjörnsdóttir Björg , Vestgaard Marianne , Do Nicoline C. , Ringholm Lene , Andersen Lise L. T. , Jensen Dorte M. , Damm Peter , Mathiesen Elisabeth R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsTo study the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms in pregnant women with type 2 diabetes compared with pregnant women without diabetes. Secondly, to explore whether anxiety and/or depression symptoms in early pregnancy have an impact on glycaemic control and gestational weight gain.MethodsA prospective cohort study of 90 consecutive singleton pregnant women with type 2 diabetes and 88 singleton pregnant women without diabetes. All women completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire in early and late pregnancy. A score ≥8 in the anxiety or the depression scale was used to define anxiety and/or depression symptoms.ResultsAnxiety and/or depression symptoms were present in 40% of women with type 2 diabetes and 7% of women without diabetes in early pregnancy (Relative Risk = 5.87 (95% Confidence Interval: 2.60–13.22)). The figures were similar in late pregnancy. In women with type 2 diabetes and anxiety and/or depression symptoms in early pregnancy, HbA1c (mean ± SD) was 52 ± 14 vs. 49 ± 11 mmol/mol (6.9 ± 1.2 vs. 6.6 ± 1.0%), p = 0.31 in early pregnancy and 43 ± 8 vs. 40 ± 4 mmol/mol (6.1 ± 0.7 vs. 5.8 ± 0.4%), p = 0.04 in late pregnancy compared with women without symptoms. Gestational weight gain was similar in both groups.ConclusionsIn women with type 2 diabetes, 40% had anxiety and/or depression symptoms in early pregnancy. Women with these symptoms obtained less optimal glycaemic control in late pregnancy but similar gestational weight gain as the remaining women.
Effects of vitamin D3 on glucose metabolism in patients with severe osteoarthritis: A randomized double‐blind trial comparing daily 2000 with 800 IU vitamin D3
Authors: Grübler Martin R. , Gängler Stephanie , Egli Andreas , Bischoff‐Ferrari Heike A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the effect of daily 800 versus 2000 IU of vitamin D3 supplementation over 24 months on glycaemic control in older adults after unilateral knee replacement.Materials and MethodsThe Zurich Multiple Endpoint Vitamin D Trial in Knee OA Patients was a randomized, double‐blind trial conducted from 2008 to 2014 in Zurich, Switzerland. Participants were randomly allocated to 800 or 2000 IU vitamin D3 daily for 24 months. This study investigates the predefined secondary endpoints of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) using linear mixed models adjusted for age, sex, baseline vitamin D deficiency and body mass index.ResultsA total of 251 participants (age 70.2 ± 6.5 years; 55.4% women; 39% impaired glucose tolerance, mean 25‐hydroxyvitamin D 27.48 ± 12.48 ng/mL, mean FBG 5.49 ± 0.71 mmol/L) were included in this analysis. There was no significant difference in FBG between the group receiving 800 versus 2000 IU after 2 years with a least square mean (95% CI) of 5.32 (5.19; 5.44) versus 5.39 (5.27; 5.51) mmol/L (ptreat = .130) and no difference in HOMA‐IR (0.44 [0.37; 0.52] vs. 0.49 [0.41; 0.58]; ptreat = .162), respectively. However, FBG decreased significantly over time independent of vitamin D3 dose (800 IU: 5.54 [5.42; 5.66] to 5.32 [5.19; 5.44], ptime < .001; 2000 IU: 5.5 [5.38; 5.62] to 5.39 [5.27; 5.51] mmol/L, ptime = .019).ConclusionsThere was no clinically meaningful difference between 800 and 2000 IU of vitamin D3 over 2 years in FBG or HOMA‐IR in community‐dwelling older adults. Glycaemic outcomes improved in both groups.
New hosts for Lecanosticta acicola and Dothistroma septosporum in newly established arboreta in Spain
Authors: Mesanza Nebai , Raposo Rosa , Elvira‐Recuenco Margarita , Barnes Irene , van der Nest Ariska , Hernández Mónica , Pascual Maria Teresa , Barrena Iskander , San Martín Unai , Cantero Alejandro , Hernandez‐Escribano Laura , Iturritxa Eugenia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA historical outbreak of needle blight disease was recorded during 2018 to 2019 in plantations of Pinus radiata and Pinus nigra in the North of Spain. The main pathogens involved in this historical outbreak were identified as Lecanosticta acicola and Dothistroma septosporum. Recently, a variety of tree species in three arboreta planted between 2011 and 2013 in the Basque Country as part of the European project REINFFORCE were showing symptoms of needle blight and defoliation. The aim of this study was to determine which pine species were affected with these pathogens. Tree species sampled included several provenances of P. brutia, P. elliottii, P. nigra, P. pinaster, P. pinea, P. ponderosa, P. sylvestris and P. taeda. Using molecular identification methods, Lecanosticta acicola was confirmed infecting Pinus brutia (Provenance: Alexandropolis, Greece and var. eldarica, Crimea) and represents a new host species for this pathogen. Pinus elliottii (Provenance: Georgia, USA) and P. ponderosa (Provenance: Central California, USA) are new host reports of L. acicola for Spain. Dothistroma septosporum was found for the first time on P. brutia (Provenance: Marmaris, Turkey) and P. ponderosa (Provenance: Oregon, USA) in Spain and was also detected infecting P. nigra (Provenance: Sologne Vayrières, France).
Cariology consensus for undergraduates at dental schools in the Caribbean region
Authors: Abreu‐Placeres Ninoska , Grau‐Grullón Patricia , Naidu Rahul , García‐Godoy Franklin , Newton Jonathon Timothy , Ekstrand Kim R. , Pitts Nigel , Lopez del Valle Lydia M. , Féliz‐Matos Leandro , Rivera Yilda , González Ramón F. , Rajendra Santosh Arvind Babu , Morou‐Bermudez Evangelia , Jácome‐Liévano Sofía , Martignon Stefania 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo obtain a consensus on the domains of cariology for undergraduates in dental schools in the Caribbean.Materials and MethodsDental school deans from the Dominican Republic (DR) and Puerto Rico (PR) were invited to participate. Afterwards, 24 cariology faculty members from the dental schools in the DR received a 40‐h workshop on the current understanding of dental caries. Then, representatives from participating dental schools in the DR and PR were divided into six groups and tasked with exploring the cariology domains described in the European and Colombian consensus. For each domain, the competencies in what the dental student, upon graduation, would have to (1) be proficient in, (2) have knowledge of, (3) and be familiar with were described. Two cariology consensus meetings to work on the domains and suggest changes for the Caribbean region were done, and representatives from the DR and PR agreed on a cariology consensus. For the second stage, Caribbean English‐speaking countries were invited to participate in the consensus. Meetings were held with representatives from dental schools in Trinidad and Tobago (TT) and Jamaica (J) to include their suggestions on each consensus domain.ResultsA total of 15 dental schools (DR = 12; PR = 1; TT = 1; and J = 1) participated; they agreed on a new consensus considering the realities of the Caribbean participating countries.ConclusionA cariology consensus for undergraduates was achieved for 15 dental schools in the Caribbean region. This accomplishment will promote a shift for the Caribbean dental schools’ graduates towards a current understanding of dental caries.
Teaching to learn: Using peer‐assisted learning to complement the undergraduate dental curriculum
Authors: Varghese Ann Mary , Zijlstra‐Shaw Sandra 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionPeer‐assisted learning (PAL) is a method of teaching in which students teach their often less‐experienced peers. Whilst they gain more knowledge, peer tutors are able to convey information at a level that tutees can engage with. Whilst the use of PAL has increased in popularity within the healthcare faculty, there are fewer reports of its efficacy within dental education. Our aim is to explore the advantages and disadvantages of PAL, identifying factors that make it effective within undergraduate dental teaching.Method3rd‐year dental students enrolled in supplementary PAL sessions taught by 4th‐year dental student volunteers alongside their curriculum on an Integrated Human Disease course. Tutees participating in more than one PAL session were invited to a focus group to discuss the value of PAL within teaching, as were their tutors. Semi‐structured focus groups in which they reflected on their learning experience and satisfaction were recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically.ResultsThe qualitative data gathered from the focus groups for peer tutees (n = 4) and peer tutors (n = 5) revealed that the sessions stimulated learning, built confidence, developed skills out with the core topics and were complementary to the course.ConclusionOur study confirms that PAL enhances the learning experience and is mutually advantageous to both tutees and tutors. Whilst further training, a larger sample size and higher quality research are required to confirm the more general use of PAL, the promise shown in this study would suggest that PAL is an extremely useful method, complementing the undergraduate dental curriculum.