bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability in coral reef fish baseline and benchmark biomass in the central and western Indian Ocean provinces
Authors: McClanahan Timothy R. , Friedlander Alan M. , Graham Nicholas A. J. , Chabanet Pascale , Bruggemann J. Henrich 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Reef fish biomass is increasingly recognized as a key indicator of fishery and biodiversity status linked to ecosystem integrity on coral reefs, and yet the evaluation of appropriate baselines for biomass, and what drives variation in potential baselines, is sparse.
Variability in reef fishable biomass was assessed to test for the existence of baselines or benchmarks (B&Bs), based on field studies of 223 reef sites in remote uninhabited reefs, in high‐compliance closures of >5 km2, and among the increasing number of small and recent closures.
The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of human habitation, travel time and distance to cities, habitat, depth, benthic cover, and environmental variables on fish B&Bs.
There were large differences in the three categories of ‘no fishing’, with human habitation being the single best predictor of biomass. In remote areas without people (>9 hours of travel time), fish biomass had a mean of 2,450 kg ha–1 (95% confidence interval, 95% CI, 2,130–2,770 kg ha–1; median = 1,885 kg ha–1).
In these remote areas, biomass was weakly associated with human travel time to the site and, to a lesser extent, wave energy. In high‐compliance closures, fish biomass peaked at 20 years and 5–10 km2, and levelled at 910 kg ha–1 (95% CI 823–989 kg ha–1) for both closure age and size. There was little evidence that human travel time and environmental factors influenced biomass greatly in these established closures. In small and recent closures (<15 years), habitat, depth and closure age were the best predictors of fish biomass.
Based on the weakness of environmental factors, country or site‐specific B&Bs are not required in these two provinces. However, human habitation in the seascape as well as the size and age of closures set limits to the maximum achievable biomass. The importance of environmental factors increases as the no‐fishing areas and closure times decline. Reef wilderness is not widespread in these provinces, but provides key services and therefore needs to be included in conservation and fisheries policy and management goals.
The heavy rainfall during the warm season over the Pearl River Delta region: Movements and early signals
Authors: Zhong Shui‐xin , Tian Fu‐you 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe environments and movement, as well as the surface characteristics of heavy rainfall (HR), were examined based on 5‐year HR episodes collected from the surface observations during the warm season (April–September) from 2015 to 2019. The results showed that the HR generally exhibited eastward movement with average moving‐speed of 59 km⋅hr−1 over South China. The daytime HR exhibited more episodes and faster moving‐speed than the nocturnal HR. Both nocturnal HR and daytime HR were strongly influenced by the southerly wind during April–June over the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region. It showed a cyclonic wind pattern during the occurrence‐time of nocturnal HR and a strong early convergence belt at −3 hr of daytime HR between the southeasterly winds and the northeasterly winds over the north part of the PRD region, which might be related to the cold outflow from the upstream east‐moving convections. Another key characterization parameter of HR was the strong decrease of surface potential temperature over the PRD region, especially during July–September.
COx‐Resistant Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Cyclohexane Catalyzed by sp3@sp2Nanodiamonds towards Highly Selective Cyclohexene Production
Authors: Du Pengfei , Zhang Xin‐Xing , Zhang Shaoqian , Zhao Yang , Zhang Liyun , Zhang Bingsen , Yang Bing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDeep oxidation/dehydrogenation are longstanding problems for decades in catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of cyclohexane and other alkanes. Here we show a metal‐free catalyst of nanodiamonds (NDs) with unique sp3@sp2hybrid structure that catalyzes COx‐resistant cyclohexane ODH with remarkable reactivity towards cyclohexene production. The selectivity of cyclohexene can reach as high as 67 % with significantly suppressed COxemission (<5 %), which is on top of the highest reported values among other metal(oxide)/metal‐free catalysts. Structural evolution of sp3@sp2NDs under annealing treatments and their specific surface functional groups are systematically studied using TEM, XPS, Raman and TPD. By comparing with carbon nanotubes (CNTs), we found that the carbonyl groups stabilized on strained sp3@sp2core‐shell NDs enhanced the cyclohexene selectivity via preferential cleavage of C−H over C−C bond. Kinetic studies further revealed the underlying reaction pathways that cyclohexane is rapidly dehydrogenated to cyclohexene which subsequently transforms into benzene (fast) and COx(slow). Deep oxidation of both cyclic hydrocarbons is largely suppressed due to the low density of electrophilic functional groups on strongly curved graphitic surface of sp3@sp2NDs.
The hippocampal formation of two carnivore species: The feliform banded mongoose and the caniform domestic ferret
Authors: Pillay Sashrika , Bhagwandin Adhil , Bertelsen Mads F. , Patzke Nina , Engler Gerhard , Engel Andreas K. , Manger Paul R. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTEmploying cyto‐, myelo‐, and chemoarchitectural staining techniques, we analyzed the structure of the hippocampal formation in the banded mongoose and domestic ferret, species belonging to the two carnivoran superfamilies, which have had independent evolutionary trajectories for the past 55 million years. Our observations indicate that, despite the time since sharing a last common ancestor, these species show extensive similarities. The four major portions of the hippocampal formation (cornu Ammonis, dentate gyrus, subicular complex, and entorhinal cortex) were readily observed, contained the same internal subdivisions, and maintained the topological relationships of these subdivisions that could be considered typically mammalian. In addition, adult hippocampal neurogenesis was observed in both species, occurring at a rate similar to that observed in other mammals. Despite the overall similarities, several differences to each other, and to other mammalian species, were observed. We could not find evidence for the presence of the CA2 and CA4 fields of the cornu Ammonis region. In the banded mongoose the dentate gyrus appears to be comprised of up to seven lamina, through the sublamination of the molecular and granule cell layers, which is not observed in the domestic ferret. In addition, numerous subtle variations in chemoarchitecture between the two species were observed. These differences may contribute to an overall variation in the functionality of the hippocampal formation between the species, and in comparison to other mammalian species. These similarities and variations are important to understanding to what extent phylogenetic affinities and constraints affect potential adaptive evolutionary plasticity of the hippocampal formation.
Purification, Culture, and CD19‐CAR Lentiviral Transduction of Adult and Umbilical Cord Blood NK Cells
Authors: Herrera Lara , Juan Manel , Eguizabal Cristina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNatural killer cells, or NK cells, are a type of cytotoxic lymphocyte critical to the innate immune system. The role that NK cells play is analogous to that of cytotoxic T cells in that they provide rapid responses to virus‐infected cells and responses to tumor formation. Unmodified NK cells have long been used in various immunotherapies to treat different tumors, with only marginal success. However, in the last few years, NK cells modified to express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR‐NK cells) have emerged as particularly ideal cellular platforms for antigen‐specific antitumor agents. Unlike CAR‐T cells, they do not elicit allogeneic responses or graft‐versus‐host disease and therefore can be administered to recipients with differing MHC expression. This article outlines protocols to obtain CD19‐CAR‐NK cells, focusing on the importance of obtaining and culturing a purified NK cell population and how to attain good transfection efficiency. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLCBasic Protocol 1: Purification and culture of adult peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood NK cellsBasic Protocol 2: CD19‐CAR lentiviral transduction of adult peripheral blood or umbilical cord blood NK cellsSupport Protocol: Production of lentiviral supernatant
Gas‐Phase Photoelectrocatalysis Mediated by Oxygen Ions for Uphill Conversion of Greenhouse Gases
Authors: Kushida Masaru , Yamaguchi Akira , Cho Yohei , Fujita Takeshi , Abe Hideki , Miyauchi Masahiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe present study reports a gas‐phase photoelectrochemical (GPEC) system in which photoanode and photocathode materials are coated on each side with a pellet of the oxygen‐ion conductor yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ), where light irradiation is feasible on both sides. As a model gas‐phase reaction, we chose dry reforming of methane (DRM), which converts greenhouse gases into valuable syngas. Consequently, the stoichiometric DRM reaction proceeded in our GPEC system, indicating that the oxygen ions in a YSZ pellet act as mediators to link the redox reactions. It was also noted that UV light irradiation on the anodic side was more effective than that on the cathodic side, suggesting that the photogenerated holes in the anodic YSZ side activate methane molecules, while photogenerated electrons are injected into Rh nanoparticles to cause carbon dioxide reduction in the cathodic side. Our GPEC system converts greenhouse gases into valuable syngas by light irradiation.
Standardized definitions for evaluation of heart failure therapies: scientific expert panel from the Heart Failure Collaboratory and Academic Research Consortium
Authors: Abraham William T. , Psotka Mitchell A. , Fiuzat Mona , Filippatos Gerasimos , Lindenfeld JoAnn , Mehran Roxana , Ambardekar Amrut V. , Carson Peter E. , Jacob Richard , Januzzi James L. , Konstam Marvin A. , Krucoff Mitchell W. , Lewis Eldrin F. , Piccini Jonathan P. , Solomon Scott D. , Stockbridge Norman , Teerlink John R. , Unger Ellis F. , Zeitler Emily P. , Anker Stefan D. , O'Connor Christopher M. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTThe Heart Failure Academic Research Consortium is a partnership between the Heart Failure Collaboratory (HFC) and Academic Research Consortium (ARC), comprised of leading heart failure (HF) academic research investigators, patients, United States (US) Food and Drug Administration representatives, and industry members from the US and Europe. A series of meetings were convened to establish definitions and key concepts for the evaluation of HF therapies including optimal medical and device background therapy, clinical trial design elements and statistical concepts, and study endpoints. This manuscript summarizes the expert panel discussions as consensus recommendations focused on populations and endpoint definitions; it is not exhaustive or restrictive, but designed to stimulate HF clinical trial innovation.
The role of meteorological forcing and snow model complexity in winter glacier mass balance estimation, Columbia River basin, Canada
Authors: Mortezapour Marzieh , Menounos Brian , Jackson Peter L. , Erler Andre R. , Pelto Ben M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGlaciers are commonly located in mountainous terrain subject to highly variable meteorological conditions. High resolution meteorological (HRM) data simulated by atmospheric models can complement meteorological station observations in order to assess changes in glacier energy fluxes and mass balance. We examine the performance of two snow models, SnowModel and Alpine3D, forced by different meteorological data for winter mass balance simulations at four glaciers in the Canadian portion of the Columbia Basin. The Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) with resolution of 1 km and the North American Land Data Assimilation System with ~12 km resolution, provide HRM data for the two snow models. Evaluation is based on the ability of the snow models to simulate snow depth at both point locations (automated snow weather stations) and over the entire glacier surface (airborne LiDAR [Light Detection and Ranging] surveys) during the 2015/2016 winter accumulation. When forced with HRM data, both models can reproduce snow depth to within ±15% of observed values. Both models underestimate winter mass balance when forced by HRM data. When driven with WRF data, SnowModel underestimates winter mass balance integrated over the glacier area by 1 and 10%, whilst Alpine3D underestimates winter mass balance by 12 and 22% compared with LiDAR and stake measurements, respectively. The overall results show that SnowModel forced by WRF simulated winter mass balance the best.
Prevalence of comprehensive DNA damage repair gene germline mutations in Chinese prostate cancer patients
Authors: Wu Junlong , Wei Yu , Pan Jian , Jin Shengming , Gu Weijie , Gan Hualei , Zhu Yao , Ye Ding‐Wei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGermline DNA damage repair (DDR) deficiency has been associated with increased cancer risk, poor prognosis and therapeutic opportunity for prostate cancer (PCa) patients. However, the landscape of germline mutations in PCa covering comprehensive DDR genes has not been reported. We performed whole‐exome sequencing in 246 patients who meet the National Cancer Center Network guidelines for genetic testing and analyzed variants in 276 DDR genes, which was from the Cancer Genome Atlas. A total of 79 deleterious germline alterations in 60 DDR genes were identified in 31% (76/246) patients. Mutations were found in nine DDR pathways, including 11.8% men in homologous recombination repair (HR) pathways, 2.4% men in mismatch repair (MMR) pathway and 16.7% (41/246) patients in non‐HR/MMR pathways. In HRR and MMR pathways, mutations were mostly identified in BRCA2 (5.3%), HFM1 (0.8%), ZSWIM7 (0.8%), MSH2 (0.8%) and MSH3 (0.8%). When compared with the cancer‐free cohort, POLN and POLG conferred high risk to PCa with odds ratio 6.9 and 20.5, respectively. We provided a comprehensive view of germline DDR gene mutations in PCa patients. We also identified two potential PCa predisposition genes: POLN and POLG, which have not been reported in the Western population, confirming the necessity of customizing a multigene panel for Chinese PCa patients.
Front Cover
Authors: Vasilikos Ioannis , Haas Julian , Teixeira Graciosa Q. , Nothelfer Julia , Neidlinger‐Wilke Cornelia , Wilke Hans‐Joachim , Seitz Andreas , Vavvas Demetrios G. , Zentner Josef , Beck Jürgen , Hubbe Ulrich , Mizaikoff Boris 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInfrared spectroscopy enables insight into light‐activated riboflavin‐induced collagen cross‐linking for future intervertebral disc treatment and repair.Further details can be found in the article by Ioannis Vasilikos, Julian Haas, Graciosa Q. Teixeira, Julia Nothelfer, Cornelia Neidlinger‐Wilke, Hans‐Joachim Wilke, Andreas Seitz, Demetrios G. Vavvas, Josef Zentner, Jürgen Beck, Ulrich Hubbe, and Boris Mizaikoff (e202000110).
image
Pharmacological management of Parkinson’s disease in older people
Authors: Mouchaileh Nadia , Hughes Andrew J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractParkinson’s disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that mainly affects older people. It is predominately recognised as a movement disorder; however, the non‐motor symptoms are gaining increased recognition. Treating both motor and non‐motor symptoms can be challenging. Co‐morbidities, in particular dementia, polypharmacy and an increased susceptibility to adverse medication effects often necessitate a different approach to management compared to younger patients. In older people, the mainstay of treatment for motor symptoms is levodopa. However, long‐term side‐effects including motor fluctuations and dyskinesia can be severely disabling and may require the addition of adjunctive agents including dopamine agonists, catechol‐o‐methyltransferase inhibitors, monoamine oxidase‐B inhibitors and amantadine. Medications can significantly improve symptoms; however, optimal management of motor and non‐motor symptoms usually requires a multidisciplinary approach. In this article we present an evidence‐based review of Parkinson’s disease treatments and guidance to improve clinical management and outcomes in older people.
Fast pyrolysis as an alternative to the valorization of olive mill wastes
Authors: Dorado Fernando , Sanchez Paula , Alcazar‐Ruiz Angel , Sanchez‐Silva Luz 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe valorization of organic wastes through fast pyrolysis appears to be a highly promising option for decreasing pollutants and reducing consumption of natural resources. For this purpose, three different olive pomace samples were studied to determine how olive crop location and the extraction process could influence bio‐oil product distribution. Olive pomace was selected as the feedstock due to the importance of the olive oil industry in Spain.RESULTSIn this study, the conditions of fast pyrolysis were optimized using lignin as a reference, with the optimum conditions being 500 °C, 20 °C ms−1 as the heating rate and 15 s as the vapour residence time. The olive pomace results determined that not only their chemical composition, but also their fat content had a remarkable effect on product distribution obtained after fast pyrolysis. However, whereas high lignin content enhanced phenol production, cellulose decomposed to carboxylic acids. In addition, due to current global warming, the carbon dioxide (CO2) burden of the three samples was calculated using mass spectroscopy. The OPGC sample gave off the lowest amount of greenhouse gases, followed by OPMNE and OPMN.CONCLUSIONSThe higher fat content in the sample enhanced carboxylic acid production. The difference in phenol production between OPMN and OPMNE could be attributed to the presence of potassium. From an environmental point of view, the use of olive pomace wastes could reduce CO2 emissions with further research and by developing experimental processes. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Following Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Jacquet‐Smailovic Murielle , Tarquinio Cyril , Alla François , Denis Ilona , Kirche Amanda , Tarquinio Camille , Brennstuhl Marie‐Jo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe objective of the present review is to provide an overview of existing research that has reported on the association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and ischemic heart disease. Specific focus is given to the incidence of PTSD following myocardial infarction (MI). A systematic review using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines was performed by searching four bibliographic databases: PubMed, PsychINFO, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. A total of 39 articles were included in this literature review. The results of these studies suggest that the occurrence of an acute cardiac event is likely to contribute to the development of PTSD. Not only is this type of psychiatric disorder associated with significant suffering and impaired quality of life, but it is also a predictor of an increased risk of recurrent adverse cardiovascular events and mortality. Screening, assessment, and treatment of PTSD and posttraumatic stress symptoms following a major cardiac event are critical for offsetting potential deleterious psychological and physical consequences.
Protein hydrolysates and phenolic compounds from fermented black beans inhibit markers related to obesity and type‐2 diabetes
Authors: Flores‐Medellín Sergio A. , Camacho‐Ruiz Rosa M. , Guízar‐González Cecilia , Rivera‐Leon Edgar A. , Llamas‐Covarrubias Iris M. , Mojica Luis 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represent an epidemic and public health problem. Bioactive compounds from foods could be used as adjuvants in the prevention of these diseases. Processes such as solid‐state fermentation (SSF) have demonstrated to improve the release of bioactive compounds from food matrix. This project aimed to evaluate the effect of fermented black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) phenolic compounds and protein hydrolysates on markers associated with obesity and T2DM. Twenty‐eight peptide sequences and 12 phenolic compounds were identified on black bean samples. From in silico assays, sequenced peptides showed theoretical binding energies up to −9.8 kcal/mol and phenolic compounds up to −10.1 kcal/mol for monoacylglycerol lipase. Protein hydrolysates from SSF 96 h (12 peptides) showed the potential to inhibit α‐amylase with inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) 0.57 mg protein/ml and 5.55 mg protein/ml for α‐glucosidase. Phenolic compounds from SSF 48 h blocked α‐glucosidase IC50 0.353 mg GAE/ml. The antioxidant capacity was maintained in phenolic compounds after fermentation for 48 h and improved in the protein hydrolysates. Raw bean protein hydrolysates (0.1 mg protein/ml) presented the potential to inhibit lipid accumulation in 3T3‐L1 cell line (27.9%). SSF is a processing method for generating functional ingredients rich in bioactive compounds capable of acting on biological markers related to the treatment or prevention of obesity and T2DM.
Conductive Biomaterials as Substrates for Neural Stem Cells Differentiation towards Neuronal Lineage Cells
Authors: Farokhi Mehdi , Mottaghitalab Fatemeh , Saeb Mohammad Reza , Shojaei Shahrokh , Zarrin Negin Khaneh , Thomas Sabu , Ramakrishna Seeram 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe injuries and defects in the central nervous system are the causes of disability and death of an affected person. As of now, there are no clinically available methods to enhance neural structural regeneration and functional recovery of nerve injuries. Recently, some experimental studies claimed that the injuries in brain can be repaired by progenitor or neural stem cells located in the neurogenic sites of adult mammalian brain. Various attempts have been made to construct biomimetic physiological microenvironment for neural stem cells to control their ultimate fate. Conductive materials have been considered as one the best choices for nerve regeneration due to the capacity to mimic the microenvironment of stem cells and regulate the alignment, growth, and differentiation of neural stem cells. The review highlights the use of conductive biomaterials, e.g., polypyrrole, polyaniline, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene), multi‐walled carbon nanotubes, single‐wall carbon nanotubes, graphene, and graphite oxide, for controlling the neural stem cells activities in terms of proliferation and neuronal differentiation. The effects of conductive biomaterials in axon elongation and synapse formation for optimal repair of central nervous system injuries are also discussed.
Geometric regularity estimates for fully nonlinear elliptic equations with free boundaries
Authors: da Silva João Vitor , Alves Leitão Júnior Raimundo , Chaves Ricarte Gleydson 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this manuscript we study geometric regularity estimates for problems driven by fully nonlinear elliptic operators (which can be either degenerate or singular when “the gradient is small”) under strong absorption conditions of the general form:
where the mapping fails to decrease fast enough at the origin, so allowing that nonnegative solutions may create plateau regions, that is, a priori unknown subsets where a given solution vanishes identically. We establish improved geometric regularity along the set (the free boundary of the model), for a sharp value of (obtained explicitly) depending only on structural parameters. Non‐degeneracy among others measure theoretical properties are also obtained. A sharp Liouville result for entire solutions with controlled growth at infinity is proved. We also present a number of applications consequential of our findings.