bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MiR‐182 inhibits kidney fibrosis by regulating transforming growth factor β1/Smad3 pathway in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Sun Liping , Hu Chaofeng , Wang Zhen , Zhang Xinzhou 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of miR‐182 in kidney fibrosis in polycystic kidney disease (PKD). We measured the expression of miR‐182 in kidney tissue of autosomal dominant PKD. Additionally, we investigated the relationship between miR‐182 and fibrotic protein by transfecting miR‐182 mimics and miR‐182 inhibitor into polycystic kidney cyst‐lined epithelial cells, respectively. Furthermore, we observed the interaction between transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) and miR‐182 and fibrinogen factors of cyst‐lined epithelial cells after TGF‐β1 intervention, and measured the expression of Smad2 and Smad3 protein. Results are presented as follows: (a) MiR‐182 was positively correlated with fibrosis of cyst‐lined epithelial cells; (b) TGF‐β1 could induce fibrosis of cyst‐lined epithelial cells; (c) the expression of miR‐182 had a remarkably impact on the fibrosis induced by TGF‐β1, but had little effect on the expression of TGF‐β1; (d) the expression of Smad3 protein in TGF‐β1 induce‐cyst‐lined epithelial cells was increased. TGF‐β1 and miR‐182 promoting the fibrosis of polycystic kidney cyst‐lined epithelial cells may be mediated by the TGF‐β1/Smad3 signaling pathway, of which Smad3 was an important regulator.
Levels of distress tolerance in schizophrenia appear equivalent to those found in borderline personality disorder
Authors: Bonfils Kelsey A. , Lysaker Paul H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveDistress tolerance is an important but understudied construct for those with schizophrenia‐spectrum disorders. This study compared levels of distress tolerance between people diagnosed with schizophrenia and borderline personality disorder (BPD) to better characterize distress tolerance in schizophrenia‐spectrum disorders.MethodUsing cross‐sectional data, we examined group differences in distress tolerance in people with schizophrenia‐spectrum disorders (n = 55) and BPD (n = 32) through mean comparison and equivalence analyses.ResultsOur results indicate that, in our data, distress tolerance did not differ between those with schizophrenia and those with BPD, and was in fact statistically equivalent between groups. In contrast, those with BPD tended to report more difficulty on some aspects of emotion regulation.ConclusionFindings from this study suggest that increased focus on distress tolerance is called for in research on schizophrenia. Furthermore, people with schizophrenia‐spectrum disorders may benefit from interventions targeting distress tolerance.
An epigenetic clock for human skeletal muscle
Authors: Voisin Sarah , Harvey Nicholas R. , Haupt Larisa M. , Griffiths Lyn R. , Ashton Kevin J. , Coffey Vernon G. , Doering Thomas M. , Thompson Jamie‐Lee M. , Benedict Christian , Cedernaes Jonathan , Lindholm Malene E. , Craig Jeffrey M. , Rowlands David S. , Sharples Adam P. , Horvath Steve , Eynon Nir 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundAgeing is associated with DNA methylation changes in all human tissues, and epigenetic markers can estimate chronological age based on DNA methylation patterns across tissues. However, the construction of the original pan‐tissue epigenetic clock did not include skeletal muscle samples and hence exhibited a strong deviation between DNA methylation and chronological age in this tissue.MethodsTo address this, we developed a more accurate, muscle‐specific epigenetic clock based on the genome‐wide DNA methylation data of 682 skeletal muscle samples from 12 independent datasets (18–89 years old, 22% women, 99% Caucasian), all generated with Illumina HumanMethylation (HM) arrays (HM27, HM450, or HMEPIC). We also took advantage of the large number of samples to conduct an epigenome‐wide association study of age‐associated DNA methylation patterns in skeletal muscle.ResultsThe newly developed clock uses 200 cytosine‐phosphate–guanine dinucleotides to estimate chronological age in skeletal muscle, 16 of which are in common with the 353 cytosine‐phosphate–guanine dinucleotides of the pan‐tissue clock. The muscle clock outperformed the pan‐tissue clock, with a median error of only 4.6 years across datasets (vs. 13.1 years for the pan‐tissue clock, P < 0.0001) and an average correlation of ρ = 0.62 between actual and predicted age across datasets (vs. ρ = 0.51 for the pan‐tissue clock). Lastly, we identified 180 differentially methylated regions with age in skeletal muscle at a false discovery rate < 0.005. However, gene set enrichment analysis did not reveal any enrichment for gene ontologies.ConclusionsWe have developed a muscle‐specific epigenetic clock that predicts age with better accuracy than the pan‐tissue clock. We implemented the muscle clock in an r package called Muscle Epigenetic Age Test available on Bioconductor to estimate epigenetic age in skeletal muscle samples. This clock may prove valuable in assessing the impact of environmental factors, such as exercise and diet, on muscle‐specific biological ageing processes.
Using deciduous trees as bioindicators of trace element deposition in a small urban watershed, Indianapolis, IN, USA
Authors: Mazari Katerina , Filippelli Gabriel M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAnnual and multiyear records of trace element deposition are difficult to develop using monitoring systems but have proven feasible using plant material in several settings. Here, we used material from several tree species (Populus deltoides W. Bartram ex Marshall, Platanus occidentalis L., and Ginkgo biloba L.) to detect atmospheric deposition of trace elements (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) in six localities along a transect from near‐urban to far‐urban in southeastern Indianapolis, IN, and one control site. We captured soil (legacy footprint), bark (multiannual record), and leaves (seasonal record) across a broad swath of the urban landscape and using a multi‐metal approach. Tree bark, leaf, and proximal soil samples were collected and analyzed for their trace element content. The highest trace metal concentrations occurred at the near‐urban sites, with particularly high Cu and Pb values. The highest Zn values were found at one of the far‐urban sites, which is located near a large brownfield that was a former coal and coke storage and processing facility. No correlation was found between soil trace element composition and that of bark and leaves, perhaps indicating a disconnect between legacy inputs recorded in soils and current inputs recorded in the biological materials. Overall, the tree species analyzed served well as trace element bioindicators, although less so for G. biloba, and thus this approach is promising for further understanding the role that airborne pollution and deposition play in urban watersheds.
Gas emissions during cattle manure composting and stockpiling
Authors: Bai Mei , Flesch Thomas , Trouvé Raphaёl , Coates Trevor , Butterly Clayton , Bhatta Bhawana , Hill Julian , Chen Deli 
Published: February 2020

AbstractManure composting is a common management practice for cattle feedlots, but gaseous emissions from composting are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to quantify ammonia (NH3), nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4) emissions from windrow composting (turning) and static stockpiling (nonturning) of manure at a commercial feedlot in Australia. An inverse‐dispersion technique using an open‐path Fourier transform infrared (OP–FTIR) spectrometer gas sensor was deployed to measure emissions of NH3, N2O, CO2, and CH4 over a 165‐d study period, and 29 and 15% of the total data intervals were actually used to calculate the fluxes for the windrow and stockpile, respectively. The nitrogen (N) lost as NH3 and N2O emissions represented 26.4 and 3.8% of the initial N in windrow, and 5.3 and 0.8% of that in the stockpile, respectively. The carbon (C) lost as CO2 and CH4 emissions represented 44 and 0.3% of the initial C in windrow, and 54.8 and 0.7% of that in the stockpile, respectively. Total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the manure windrow were 2.7 times higher than those of the stockpiled manure. This work highlights the value that could be accrued if one could reduce emissions of NH3–N and N2O‐N from composting, which would retain manure N content while reducing GHG emissions.
Hepatic resection for the right hepatic vein drainage area with indocyanine green fluorescent imaging navigation
Authors: Kubo Norio , Araki Kenichiro , Harimoto Norifumi , Ishii Norihiro , Tsukagoshi Mariko , Igarashi Takamichi , Watanabe Akira , Shirabe Ken 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground/PurposeRight hepatic vein (RHV) drainage area resection is performed for intrahepatic tumors. However, borders of RHV drainage areas are difficult to identify. We evaluated the usefulness of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescent images to identify the borders for RHV drainage area resection.MethodsFrom January 2016 to May 2019, we included 12 patients who underwent hepatic resection of the RHV drainage area, which was evaluated using ICG fluorescence images after clamping the RHV and with or without clamping the proper hepatic artery (PHA). The resected liver volume was compared with the preoperative simulated resected liver volume by 3‐dimensional computed tomography.ResultsEleven borders of the RHV drainage area between the middle hepatic vein (MHV) or inferior RHV drainage area were confirmed using ICG fluorescent images in 12 patients. The borders were observable by only clamping the RHV. In one patient, the border could not be identified because there was a shunt between the RHV and MHV at the peripheral area. Resected liver volume was significantly correlated with the results of preoperative simulation.ConclusionThe RHV drainage area resection could be one of the options of hepatic resection for the tumor involving the root of the RHV. ICG fluorescent imaging in hepatic resection of the RHV drainage area is useful for determining areas of liver congestion and clamping the PHA is not always necessary.
Serotonin, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine differentially affect astrocytic potassium clearance to modulate somatosensory signaling in male mice
Authors: Wotton Caitlin A. , Cross Cassidy D. , Bekar Lane K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChanges in extracellular potassium ([K+]e) modulate neuronal networks via changes in membrane potential, voltage‐gated channel activity, and alteration to transmission at the synapse. Given the limited extracellular space in the central nervous system, potassium clearance is crucial. As activity‐induced potassium transients are rapidly managed by astrocytic Kir4.1 and astrocyte‐specific Na+/K+‐ATPase, any neurotransmitter/neuromodulator that can regulate their function may have indirect influence on network activity. Neuromodulators differentially affect cortical/thalamic networks to align sensory processing with differing behavioral states. Given serotonin (5HT), norepinephrine (NE), and acetylcholine (ACh) differentially affect spike frequency adaptation and signal fidelity (“signal‐to‐noise”) in somatosensory cortex, we hypothesize that [K+]e may be differentially regulated by the different neuromodulators to exert their individual effects on network function. This study aimed to compare effects of individually applied 5HT, NE, and ACh on regulating [K+]e in connection to effects on cortical‐evoked response amplitude and adaptation in male mice. Using extracellular field and K+ ion‐selective recordings of somatosensory stimulation, we found that differential effects of 5HT, NE, and ACh on [K+]e regulation mirrored differential effects on amplitude and adaptation. 5HT effects on transient K+ recovery, adaptation, and field post‐synaptic potential amplitude were disrupted by barium (200 µM), whereas NE and ACh effects were disrupted by ouabain (1 µM) or iodoacetate (100 µM). Considering the impact [K+]e can have on many network functions; it seems highly efficient that neuromodulators regulate [K+]e to exert their many effects. This study provides functional significance for astrocyte‐mediated buffering of [K+]e in neuromodulator‐mediated shaping of cortical network activity.
The impact of disclosing inventory‐scarcity messages on sales in online retailing
Authors: Park Sungho , Rabinovich Elliot , Tang Christopher S. , Yin Rui 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo influence demand, some online retailers post messages (e.g., “5 units or less left in stock”) on their product pages to signal impending stockouts. These “scarcity” messages provide consumers “partial” inventory information, revealing only an upper bound on the number of units available for sale. To examine the impact of these messages, we obtained price and sales data from an online‐retailer website across a sample of durable goods before and after the retailer posted the messages over multiple inventory‐replenishment cycles. We then used these data to assess empirically the effect of these messages on these products' daily sales. We find that disclosing these messages can decrease daily sales by an average of 17.60%. This finding suggests that scarcity messages such as these can have a negative influence on the sales prospects of durable goods. We also observe, on the other hand, that price discounts are quite effective in increasing sales and offsetting the losses induced by scarcity messages. On average, a reduction of 1% in stock keeping unit price increases daily sales by approximately 3%. Therefore, relative to disclosing scarcity messages, price discounts are a much more effective tool at increasing inventory turns.
Forced expression of KIAA1199, a novel hyaluronidase, inhibits tumorigenicity of low‐grade chondrosarcoma
Authors: Koike Hiroshi , Nishida Yoshihiro , Shinomura Tamayuki , Zhuo Lisheng , Hamada Shunsuke , Ikuta Kunihiro , Ito Kan , Kimata Koji , Ushida Takahiro , Ishiguro Naoki 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHyaluronan (HA) has been shown to play crucial roles in the tumorigenicity of malignant tumors. Chondrosarcoma, particularly when low‐grade, is characterized by the formation of an extracellular matrix (ECM) containing abundant HA, and its drug/radiation resistance has become a clinically relevant problem. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a novel hyaluronidase, KIAA1199, on ECM formation as well as antitumor effects on chondrosarcoma. To clarify the roles of KIAA1199 in chondrosarcoma, mouse KIAA1199 was stably transfected to Swarm rat chondrosarcoma (RCS) cells (histologically grade 1). We investigated the effects of KIAA1199 on RCS cells in vitro and an autografted model in vivo. HA binding protein (HABP) stainability and ECM formation in KIAA1199‐RCS was markedly suppressed compared with that of control cells. No significant changes in messenger RNA expression of Has1, Has2, Has3, Hyal1, or Hyal2 were observed. KIAA1199 expression did not affect proliferation or apoptosis but inhibited migration and invasion of RCS cells. In contrast, the expression of KIAA1199 significantly inhibited the growth of grafted tumors and suppressed the stainability of alcian blue in tumor tissues. Although there was no direct inhibitory effect on proliferation in vitro, induction of KIAA1199 showed the antitumor effects in grafted tumor growth in vivo possibly due to changes in the tumor microenvironment such as inhibition of ECM formation. Forced expression of KIAA1199 exhibits antitumor effects on low‐grade chondrosarcoma, which has chemo‐ and radio‐therapy resistant features. Together, KIAA1199 could be a novel promising therapeutic tool for low‐grade chondrosarcoma, mediated by the degradation of HA.
Autophagy and mTOR signaling during intervertebral disc aging and degeneration
Authors: Yurube Takashi , Ito Masaaki , Kakiuchi Yuji , Kuroda Ryosuke , Kakutani Kenichiro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDegenerative disc disease is a highly prevalent, global health problem that represents the primary cause of back pain and is associated with neurological disorders, including radiculopathy, myelopathy, and paralysis, resulting in worker disability and socioeconomic burdens. The intervertebral disc is the largest avascular organ in the body, and degeneration is suspected to be linked to nutritional deficiencies. Autophagy, the process through which cells self‐digest and recycle damaged components, is an important cell survival mechanism under stress conditions, especially nutrient deprivation. Autophagy is negatively controlled by the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. mTOR is a serine/threonine kinase that detects nutrient availability to trigger the activation of cell growth and protein synthesis pathways. Thus, resident disc cells may utilize autophagy and mTOR signaling to cope with harsh low‐nutrient conditions, such as low glucose, low oxygen, and low pH. We performed rabbit and human disc cell and tissue studies to elucidate the involvement and roles played by autophagy and mTOR signaling in the intervertebral disc. In vitro serum and nutrient deprivation studies resulted in decreased disc cell proliferation and metabolic activity and increased apoptosis and senescence, in addition to increased autophagy. The selective RNA interference‐mediated and pharmacological inhibition of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) was protective against inflammation‐induced disc cellular apoptosis, senescence, and extracellular matrix catabolism, through the induction of autophagy and the activation of the Akt‐signaling network. Although temsirolimus, a rapamycin derivative with improved water solubility, was the most effective mTORC1 inhibitor tested, dual mTOR inhibitors, capable of blocking multiple mTOR complexes, did not rescue disc cells. In vivo, high levels of mTOR‐signaling molecule expression and phosphorylation were observed in human intermediately degenerated discs and decreased with age. A mechanistic understanding of autophagy and mTOR signaling can provide a basis for the development of biological therapies to treat degenerative disc disease.
Recent progresses of derivatization approaches in the targeted lipidomics analysis by mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhao Xian‐En , Zhu Shuyun , Liu Huwei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLipidomics plays an essential role in the development of an improved understanding of lipids metabolism and the identification of new biomarkers or therapeutic targets of related diseases. The strong analytical power of mass spectrometry and its rapid developments in the respect of instruments and techniques have significantly accelerated the emerging lipidomics and related application fields in biology, medicine, and pharmacy. The strategy of chemical derivatization can remarkably improve the shortcomings of mass spectrometric analytical technologies of shotgun lipidomics and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, and in the past decade many related studies have been reported for fatty acids, glycerophospholipids, sphingomyelins, monoglycerides, diacylglycerols, long‐chain bases, steroids, and so on. Therefore, this review will focus on new chemical derivatization approaches about the research progresses of shotgun‐based and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry–based targeted lipidomics (from 2005 to July 2019, most of reports emerged in the past 5 years), and put forward the problems and prospects in this field. It is expected to be helpful for the design and synthesis of new derivatization reagents, especially the outstanding stable isotope labeling derivatization reagents, and the development and application of new chemical derivatization strategies and matched mass spectrometric analysis methods.
Monitoring of the influence of long‐term oxidative stress and ischemia on the condition of kidneys using solid‐phase microextraction chemical biopsy coupled with liquid chromatography–high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Stryjak Iga , Warmuzińska Natalia , Bogusiewicz Joanna , Łuczykowski Kamil , Bojko Barbara 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe limiting factor in conventional quality assessments of transplanted organs, namely the invasiveness of tissue sample collection, has prompted much research on the field of transplantology to focus on the development of alternative evaluation methods of organ quality. In the present project, we undertake the challenge to address the need for a new analytical solution for graft quality assessments by using a novel metabolomic diagnostic protocol based on low‐invasive solid‐phase microextraction. Solid‐phase microextraction probes of ca. 0.2 mm coated with 4 mm long mixed‐mode extraction phase were inserted into rabbit kidneys immediately following euthanasia and after 2, 4, 6, and 21 h of preservation. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the extracts was performed with the use of a reversed phase column and a Q‐Exactive Focus mass spectrometer operated in positive ionization mode. Statistical analysis of significantly changing compounds revealed metabolic profile changes in kidneys induced by ischemia and oxidative stress as a function of the duration of cold storage. The most pronounced alterations were reflected in levels of essential amino acids and purine nucleosides. Our findings demonstrate that the proposed approach may be successfully used to monitor changes in the metabolic profile of organs over time of preservation.
Management and Outcomes of Button Batteries in the Aerodigestive Tract: A Multi‐institutional Study
Authors: Shaffer Amber D. , Jacobs Ian N. , Derkay Craig S. , Goldstein Nira A. , Giordano Terri , Ho Sandra , Kim Bong J. , Park Albert H. , Simons Jeffrey P. 
Published: February 2020

Objectives/HypothesisTo describe the clinical presentation, management, and complications associated with button battery impaction in the aerodigestive tract in children.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsThis multi‐institutional study, endorsed by the American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology research consortium, is a retrospective medical record review, including all children at five tertiary‐care institutions presenting with button batteries impacted in the aerodigestive tract between January 2002 and December 2014. Battery type/size, duration and location of impaction, presenting symptoms, treatment, complications, and outcomes were examined.ResultsEighty‐one patients were included (64.2% male), with ingestion witnessed in 20 (24.7%). Median age at presentation was 3 years (range, 1 week–14 years). Median time from diagnosis to removal was 2.5 hours (range, 0.4–72 hours). Locations included the esophagus (n = 48), hypopharynx (n = 1), stomach (n = 6), nasal cavity (n = 22), and ear canal (n = 4). Most common symptoms for esophageal/hypopharyngeal impactions included dysphagia (26.5%), nausea/vomiting (26.5%), drooling (24.5%), cough (18.4%), and fever (18.4%). Most common symptoms for nasal impactions included epistaxis (54.6%), rhinorrhea (40.9%), nasal pain (27.3%), and fever (22.7%). Almost all esophageal impactions were from 3‐V (89.5%), 20‐mm (81.8%) lithium batteries. Severe esophageal complications included stricture (28.6%), perforation (24.5%), tracheoesophageal fistula formation (8.2%), pneumothorax (4.1%), and bilateral true vocal fold paresis (4.1%). Nasal complications included necrosis (59.1%), septal perforation (27.3%), and saddle nose deformity (4.5%). Duration of impaction correlated with an increased likelihood of persistent symptoms only for nasal batteries (P = .049).ConclusionsButton batteries in the upper pediatric aerodigestive tract or ear canal should be considered a surgical emergency, requiring urgent removal and careful vigilance for complications.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E298–E306, 2021