bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intervention to address homelessness and all-cause and suicide mortality among unstably housed US Veterans, 2012–2016
Authors: Montgomery Ann Elizabeth , Dichter Melissa , Byrne Thomas , Blosnich John 
Published: November 2020

Background
People without stable housing—and Veterans specifically—are at increased risk of suicide. This study assessed whether unstably housed Veterans’ participation in homeless services is associated with reduced risk of all-cause and suicide mortality.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study used a sample of 169 221 Veterans across the US who self-reported housing instability between 1 October 2012 and 30 September 2016. Multivariable Cox regression models assessed the association between Veterans’ utilisation of homeless services and all-cause and suicide mortality, adjusting for sociodemographics and severity of medical comorbidities.

Results
More than one-half of unstably housed Veterans accessed homeless services during the observation period; utilisation of any homeless services was associated with a 6% reduction in hazards for all-cause mortality (adjusted HR[aHR]=0.94, 95% CI[CI]=0.90–0.98). An increasing number of homeless services used was associated with significantly reduced hazards of both all-cause (aHR=0.93, 95% CI=0.91–0.95) and suicide mortality (aHR=0.81, 95% CI=0.73–0.89).

Conclusions
The use of homeless services among Veterans reporting housing instability was significantly associated with reduced hazards of all-cause and suicide mortality. Addressing suicide prevention and homelessness together—and ensuring ‘upstream’ interventions—within the context of the VHA healthcare system holds promise for preventing suicide deaths among Veterans. Mental health treatment is critical for suicide prevention, but future research should investigate if social service programmes, by addressing unmet human needs, may also reduce suicide.
Prevalence and clinical characteristics of patients with biologically false-positive reactions with serological syphilis testing in contemporary practice: 10-year experience at a tertiary academic hospital
Authors: Ishihara Yuri , Okamoto Koh , Shimosaka Hironori , Ono Yoshikazu , Kanno Yoshiaki , Ikeda Mahoko , Harada Sohei , Kurano Makoto , Okugawa Shu , Moriya Kyoji , Yatomi Yutaka 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesBiologically false positive (BFP) reactions are well described in early literature. However, only a few recent reports described the incidence and clinical characteristics of patients with BFP reactions. We reviewed the serological test results of patients tested for syphilis in our hospital in the past decade and described the clinical characteristics of patients with BFP reactions.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of patients tested for syphilis in a tertiary academic hospital. All serological results were retrieved from the clinical laboratory database. We calculated the incidence of BFP reactions. Clinical characteristics and laboratory data of patients with BFP reactions were reviewed manually.ResultsAmong 94 462 subjects, 588 patients had BFP reactions (0.62%). Most BFP reactions were observed in patients aged over 60 years, with a history of malignancy and autoimmune diseases. Eighty-five per cent of patients had low rapid plasma reagin (RPR) titre (≤1:4), but two patients had extremely high RPR titre (≥1:256). BFP reactions were more likely to persist beyond 6 months among patients with RPR titre of ≥1:8. There was no statistically significant correlation between RPR titre and total protein albumin gap, surrogate of immunoglobulin levels among patients with BFP reactions.ConclusionThere was a low incidence of BFP reactions in the last decade. A minority of BFP reactions had high non-treponemal antibody titre and persisted longer than 6 months. In the era of re-emergence of syphilis, this information could help clinicians interpret the results of well-established diagnostic tests for syphilis.
A semi-classical estimate for the q-parameter and decay time with Tsallis entropy of black holes in quantum geometry
Authors: Mejrhit K. , Hajji R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this letter, using the non-extensive entropy of Tsallis, we study some properties of the Schwarzschild black holes (BHs), based on the loop quantum gravity (LQG), some novel characteristics and results of the Schwarzschild BH can be obtained in Mejrhit and Ennadifi (Phys Lett B 794:45–49, 2019). Here we find that these findings are strikingly identical to ones obtained by Hawking and Page in anti-de Sitter space within the original of the Boltzmann entropy formula. By using the semi-classical estimate analysis on the energy at this minimum $$M_{min}$$

M

min

, an approximate relationship between the q and $$\gamma $$
γ
parameters of BHs can be found, ($$q\approx \frac{\sqrt{3}\gamma }{\pi \ln 2}+1$$

q
≈

3

γ

π
ln
2

+
1

), which is remarkable approaching to q-parameters of cosmic ray spectra and quarks coalescing to hadrons in high energy.
Pitting computers against each other … in chess
Authors: Newborn Monroe "Monty" 
Published: November 2020

The
Communications
Web site, http://cacm.acm.org, features more than a dozen bloggers in the BLOG@CACM community. In each issue of
Communications
, we'll publish selected posts or excerpts.

twitter

Follow us on Twitter at http://twitter.com/blogCACM
http://cacm.acm.org/blogs/blog-cacm

Guest blogger Monroe Newborn on the 50
th
anniversary of ACM computer chess tournaments.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from the Opuntia ficus-indica Fruit and Its Activity against Treated Wastewater Microorganisms
Authors: Muñoz-Carrillo Mariana G. , Garcidueñas-Piña Cristina , Valerio-García Roberto C. , Carrazco-Rosales José L. , Morales-Domínguez José F. 
Published: November 2020

Wastewater can be reused after a treatment process and compliance with high quality standards that guarantee its safe use. The wastewater treatment plant of the Autonomous University of Aguascalientes (AUA), like others, uses primary, secondary, and tertiary processes. The tertiary process followed is chlorination and is used to eliminate microorganisms from the secondary process. Although water of acceptable quality is obtained with chlorine, there is evidence that toxic substances are generated when reacting with organic matter, so alternatives to the use of chlorination have been analyzed. In the present study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized from the aqueous extract of the Opuntia ficus indica fruit peel (OfAgNPs), by reducing a 2 mM solution of AgNO3. OfAgNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering, in addition to his electrophoretic mobility. The OfAgNPs are spherical, with an average particle size distribution of

64.28
±
11.82

nm, relatively stable at room temperature, negatively charged (

−
25.1
±
0.03

mV), and composed of 61.29% silver. The activity of OfAgNPs was evaluated in water from the effluent of the AUA treatment plant, before and after chlorination, and inhibition of bacteria Escherichia coli var 1, Enterobacter aerogenes var 1, Citrobacter freudi var 2, atypical E. coli, and aerobic mesophilic microorganism was tested.
Machine-Learning and Chemicogenomics Approach Defines and Predicts Cross-Talk of Hippo and MAPK Pathways
Authors: Pham Trang H. , Hagenbeek Thijs J. , Lee Ho-June , Li Jason , Rose Christopher M. , Lin Eva , Yu Mamie , Martin Scott E. , Piskol Robert , Lacap Jennifer A. , Sampath Deepak , Pham Victoria C. , Modrusan Zora , Lill Jennie R. , Klijn Christiaan , Malek Shiva , Chang Matthew T. , Dey Anwesha 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Hippo pathway dysregulation occurs in multiple cancers through genetic and nongenetic alterations, resulting in translocation of YAP to the nucleus and activation of the TEAD family of transcription factors. Unlike other oncogenic pathways such as RAS, defining tumors that are Hippo pathway–dependent is far more complex due to the lack of hotspot genetic alterations. Here, we developed a machine-learning framework to identify a robust, cancer type–agnostic gene expression signature to quantitate Hippo pathway activity and cross-talk as well as predict YAP/TEAD dependency across cancers. Further, through chemical genetic interaction screens and multiomics analyses, we discover a direct interaction between MAPK signaling and TEAD stability such that knockdown of YAP combined with MEK inhibition results in robust inhibition of tumor cell growth in Hippo dysregulated tumors. This multifaceted approach underscores how computational models combined with experimental studies can inform precision medicine approaches including predictive diagnostics and combination strategies.

Significance:
An integrated chemicogenomics strategy was developed to identify a lineage-independent signature for the Hippo pathway in cancers. Evaluating transcriptional profiles using a machine-learning method led to identification of a relationship between YAP/TAZ dependency and MAPK pathway activity. The results help to nominate potential combination therapies with Hippo pathway inhibition.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 521
VEGF-B Promotes Endocardium-Derived Coronary Vessel Development and Cardiac Regeneration
Authors: Räsänen Markus , Sultan Ibrahim , Paech Jennifer , Hemanthakumar Karthik Amudhala , Yu Wei , He Liqun , Tang Juan , Sun Ying , Hlushchuk Ruslan , Huan Xiuzheng , Armstrong Emma , Khoma Oleksiy-Zakhar , Mervaala Eero , Djonov Valentin , Betsholtz Christer , Zhou Bin , Kivelä Riikka , Alitalo Kari 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Recent discoveries have indicated that, in the developing heart, sinus venosus and endocardium provide major sources of endothelium for coronary vessel growth that supports the expanding myocardium. Here we set out to study the origin of the coronary vessels that develop in response to vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-B) in the heart and the effect of VEGF-B on recovery from myocardial infarction.

Methods:
We used mice and rats expressing a VEGF-B transgene, VEGF-B-gene–deleted mice and rats, apelin-CreERT, and natriuretic peptide receptor 3–CreERT recombinase-mediated genetic cell lineage tracing and viral vector–mediated VEGF-B gene transfer in adult mice. Left anterior descending coronary vessel ligation was performed, and 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine–mediated proliferating cell cycle labeling; flow cytometry; histological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical methods; single-cell RNA sequencing and subsequent bioinformatic analysis; microcomputed tomography; and fluorescent- and tracer-mediated vascular perfusion imaging analyses were used to study the development and function of the VEGF-B–induced vessels in the heart.

Results:
We show that cardiomyocyte overexpression of VEGF-B in mice and rats during development promotes the growth of novel vessels that originate directly from the cardiac ventricles and maintain connection with the coronary vessels in subendocardial myocardium. In adult mice, endothelial proliferation induced by VEGF-B gene transfer was located predominantly in the subendocardial coronary vessels. Furthermore, VEGF-B gene transduction before or concomitantly with ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery promoted endocardium-derived vessel development into the myocardium and improved cardiac tissue remodeling and cardiac function.

Conclusions:
The myocardial VEGF-B transgene promotes the formation of endocardium-derived coronary vessels during development, endothelial proliferation in subendocardial myocardium in adult mice, and structural and functional rescue of cardiac tissue after myocardial infarction. VEGF-B could provide a new therapeutic strategy for cardiac neovascularization after coronary occlusion to rescue the most vulnerable myocardial tissue.
Integrative taxonomy of Meloidogyne graminicola populations with different esterase phenotypes parasitising rice in Brazil
Authors: Soares Mayra R.C. , Mattos Vanessa S. , Leite Raycenne R. , Gomes Ana Cristina M.M. , Gomes Cesar Bauer , Castagnone-Sereno Philippe , Dias-Arieira Claudia R. , Carneiro Regina M.D.G. 
Published: November 2020

Summary
The rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola, has been reported in Southeast Asia, China, India, South Africa, USA, Brazil, and other countries. Recent surveys in Southern Brazil showed that M. graminicola was widespread in irrigated rice in Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Paraná states, and the presence of a species complex with a predominance of M. graminicola (Est VS1 = G1) and other variants showing similar esterase phenotypes (Est G2 = R2, G3 = R3). Meloidogyne oryzae (Est O1) and M. ottersoni (Est Ot0) were also part of this complex and were recently re-described and detected on rice. The present study provides an integrative taxonomy approach of the typical and atypical populations of M. graminicola on the basis of morphological, morphometric and molecular data. Considering morphological and morphometric features, the two atypical populations (Est G2 and G3) are in close agreement with the description of M. graminicola. Based on the molecular characterisation, populations G1, G2 and G3 were successfully amplified by M. graminicola SCAR markers, although the specificity of these markers was questioned. Phylogenetic relationships complemented and confirmed the other studies. In maximum likelihood analysis of ITS, D2-D3 rRNA and COXII-16S rRNA sequences, all populations of M. graminicola from different esterase phenotypes clustered together with other M. graminicola populations, thus confirming that these enzyme phenotypes (G1, G2 and G3) are related to the same species. A high level of intraspecific variability was detected among all populations, but no correlation between genetic variability and geographic origins occurred.
Bio-protective effect of a root-nodulating Rhizobium etli strain in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) against Meloidogyne incognita and Radopholus similis in an in vitro autotrophic tripartite culture system
Authors: Van der Veken Lieselot , Win Pa Pa , Seeboruth Preeti , Cabasan Ma. Teodora N. , Swennen Rony , Elsen Annemie , De Waele Dirk 
Published: November 2020

Summary
The bio-protective effect of a root-nodulating strain (CNPAF 512) of the nitrogen-fixing rhizobium, Rhizobium etli, against both a sedentary (Meloidogyne incognita) and a migratory (Radopholus similis) endoparasitic nematode in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) was examined using an in vitro autotrophic tripartite culture system. Two in vitro assays were carried out with each of the nematode species. Each assay consisted of two treatments: the plants were either inoculated with the rhizobial strain or remained non-inoculated (control plants). To examine the effect of either pre- or simultaneous inoculation of the rhizobial strain on the reproduction of M. incognita and R. similis, one assay was carried out in which the nematodes were inoculated 3 weeks after rhizobial inoculation while another assay was carried out in which the nematodes were inoculated simultaneously with the rihizobial strain. Both pre-inoculation and simultaneous inoculation with R. etli CNPAF 512 significantly suppressed the reproduction of both M. incognita and R. similis.
Morphological and molecular characterisation of Punctodera mulveyi n. sp. (Nematoda: Punctoderidae) from a golf course green in Oregon, USA, with a key to species of Punctodera
Authors: Kantor Mihail R. , Handoo Zafar A. , Skantar Andrea M. , Hult Maria N. , Ingham Russell E. , Wade Nadine M. , Ye Weimin , Bauchan Gary R. , Mowery Joseph D. 
Published: November 2020

Summary
Punctodera mulveyi n. sp. is described and illustrated from turf grass (Poa annua) in golf course greens with other fescues in Bandon, Coos County, Oregon, USA. Females and cysts are characterised by a saccate, globose to ovoid or pear-shaped body with a protruding neck. The cuticle has a lace-like pattern of ridges and heavy punctations on the subsurface. Cysts have distinctive vulval and anal circumfenestral patterns with heavy bullae scattered around the fenestral area, these being absent in young cysts. Second-stage juveniles (J2) vermiform, tapering to a long and cylindrical tail with a bluntly rounded to occasionally clavate tail terminus. Morphologically the new species resembles all known species of Punctodera using both light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy observations, but differs from the other species either by the J2 body and stylet length, shape of head, tail and tail terminus, female and male stylet or spicule length, and in having distinctive vulval and anal circumfenestral patterns in the cysts. Molecular analysis with sequence alignments and phylogenetic trees of ITS rDNA, nuclear heat shock protein 90 and mitochondrial COI sequences separated P. mulveyi n. sp. from P. matadorensis, P. punctata, P. stonei and P. chalcoensis, but 18S and 28S were relatively conserved with a few bp differences and there were insufficient Punctodera species sequences to give strong support to a new species designation. A morphologically most closely related species, P. stonei from Canada, further supported the status of P. mulveyi n. sp. An identification key to all five nominal species of Punctodera is given.
Addressing Armed Opposition Groups through Security Council Resolutions: A New Paradigm?
Authors: Heffes Ezequiel , Kotlik Marcos D. , Frenkel Brian E. 
Published: November 2020

In the last few decades, the un Security Council has increasingly implemented enforcement measures in the context of many non-international armed conflicts. Both in those cases and in international conflicts, certain resolutions explicitly impose rights and obligations upon all the parties, without making a legal distinction between States and non-State actors, including armed opposition groups.
This paper aims to explain some consequences of the approach adopted by the Security Council. Mainly, two issues are dealt with: (a) how does the Security Council address armed opposition groups and to what extent its resolutions impose rights and obligations upon them; (b) if these non-State actors are in fact bound by those resolutions and why. In order to achieve an explanation that grasps the complexity of these issues, the article adopts a systemic approach, which includes the application of the principle of equality of belligerents to Security Council resolutions.
The Central Characteristic of Religiosity Is Integration into a Moral Community, not Supernaturalism
Authors: McCaffree Kevin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Researchers often define religion according to the presence (vs. absence) of supernaturalism. This has several serious shortcomings: (1) it construes religion narrowly as a historical/anthropological phenomenon, (2) it ignores the underlying evolved cognitive mechanisms facilitating tight group membership, which operate regardless of belief content and (3) it ensures that the study of religion will be obsolete if secularization continues. Instead of a slavish adherence to the criteria of supernaturalism, I suggest here a broader and more evolutionarily-informed definition of religion (and secularity): religion is what emerges when individuals become highly (perhaps overly-) integrated into a moral community; secularity is what emerges when individuals are moderately (perhaps under-) integrated into a moral community.
Atmospheric Chemistry Signatures of an Equatorially Symmetric Matsuno–Gill Circulation Pattern
Authors: Wilka Catherine , Solomon Susan , Cronin Timothy W. , Kinnison Doug , Garcia Rolando 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMatsuno–Gill circulations have been widely studied in tropical meteorology, but their impact on stratospheric chemistry has seldom been explicitly evaluated. This study demonstrates that, in a model nudged to reanalysis, anticyclonic Rossby wave gyres that form near the tropopause as a result of equatorially symmetric heating in the troposphere provide a dynamical mechanism to influence tropical and subtropical atmospheric chemistry during near-equinox months. The anticyclonic flow entrains extratropical air from higher latitudes into the deep tropics of both hemispheres and induces cooling in the already cold upper-troposphere/lower-stratosphere (UTLS) region. Both of these aspects of the circulation allow heterogeneous chlorine activation on sulfuric acid aerosols to proceed rapidly, primarily via the HCl + ClONO2 reaction. Precipitation rates and heating rates from reanalysis are shown to be consistent with these heating and circulation response patterns in the months of interest. This study analyzes specified dynamics simulations from the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (SD-WACCM) with and without tropical heterogeneous chemistry to demonstrate that these circulations influence substantially the distributions of, for example, NO2 and ClO in the UTLS tropics and subtropics of both hemispheres. This provides a previously unrecognized dynamical influence on the spatial structures of atmospheric composition changes in the UTLS during near-equinox months.
An Idealized Physical Model for the Severe Convective Storm Environmental Sounding
Authors: Chavas Daniel R. , Dawson II Daniel T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis work develops a theoretical model for steady thermodynamic and kinematic profiles for severe convective storm environments, building off the two-layer static energy framework developed in work by Agard and Emanuel. The model is phrased in terms of static energy, and it allows for independent variation of the boundary layer and free troposphere separated by a capping inversion. An algorithm is presented to apply the model to generate a sounding for numerical simulations of severe convective storms, and the model is compared and contrasted with that of Weisman and Klemp. The model is then fit to a case-study sounding associated with the 3 May 1999 tornado outbreak, and its potential utility is demonstrated via idealized numerical simulation experiments. A long-lived supercell is successfully simulated with the historical sounding but not the analogous theoretical sounding. Two types of example experiments are then performed that do simulate a long-lived supercell: 1) a semitheoretical experiment in which a portion of the theoretical sounding is modified to match the real sounding (low-level moisture); 2) a fully theoretical experiment in which a model physical parameter is modified (free-tropospheric relative humidity). Overall, the construction of this minimal model is flexible and amenable to additional modifications as needed. The model offers a novel framework that may be useful for testing how severe convective storms depend on the vertical structure of the hydrostatic environment, as well as for linking variability in these environments to the physical processes that produce them within the climate system.