bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aedes aegyptilines for combined sterile insect technique and incompatible insect technique applications: the importance of host genomic background
Authors: Carvalho Danilo O. , Torres‐Monzon Jorge A. , Koskinioti Panagiota , Dilrukshi Wijegunawardana N.D. Asha , Liang Xiao , Pillwax Gulizar , Xi Zhiyong , Bourtzis Kostas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAedes aegyptiL. (Diptera: Culicidae), being the primary vector of pathogenic arboviruses, is a target for the development of novel genetic approaches to complement current conventional vector control strategies such as the combined sterile insect and incompatible insect technique (SIT/IIT). A transinfected line ofAe. aegypticarrying thewAlbBWolbachiastrain (WB2) was introgressed into two genomic backgrounds, Brazil and Mexico, producing two newAe. aegyptistrains (WB2‐BRA and WB2‐MEX). These strains were evaluated with respect to several life‐history traits such as fecundity, fertility, longevity, pupa size, pupation curve, and male mating competitiveness, as well as their response to irradiation. Our results show that the impact ofWolbachiainfection depends on the genomic background and that the Brazilian one had no significant effect, whereas the Mexican one negatively affected fertility, longevity, and pupal size. Interestingly,Wolbachia‐infectedAe. aegyptilines required a lower irradiation dose to achieve complete female sterility than the uninfected ones. The present findings are discussed given the potential use ofWolbachia‐infectedAe. aegyptilines in combined SIT/IIT population suppression programs.
Somatic variants in new candidate genes identified in focal cortical dysplasia type II
Authors: Zhang Zhongbin , Gao Kai , Liu Qingzhu , Zhou Jiapeng , Li Xiyuan , Lang Na , Liu Ming , Wang Tianshuang , Zhang Jie , Wang Hui , Dong Ying , Ji Taoyun , Wang Shuang , Liu Xiaoyan , Jiang Yuwu , Cai Lixin , Wu Ye 
Published: March 2020

SummaryObjectiveFocal cortical dysplasia type II (FCDII) is a malformation of cortex development commonly found in children with drug‐resistant epilepsy. FCDII has been associated with somatic mutations in mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)‐related pathway genes and an upregulation of mTOR. Somatic mutations were found in 10%‐63% of FCDII samples; the frequency of the mutant allele was 0.93%‐33.5%. This study aimed to find new candidate genes involved in FCDII.MethodsWe collected resected FCD lesions, perilesional brain tissues, and peripheral blood from 17 children with pathologically confirmed FCDII. We performed whole exome sequencing and followed a set of screening and analysis strategies to identify potentially deleterious somatic variants (PDSVs) in brain‐expressed genes. We performed site‐specific amplicon sequencing to validate the results. We also performed an in vitro functional study on an IRS1 variant.ResultsIn six of 17 samples, we identified seven PDSVs in seven genes, including two frameshift variants and five missense variants. The frequencies of the variant allele were 1.29%‐5.50%. The genes were MTOR, TSC2, IRS1, RAB6B, RALA, HTR6, and ZNF337. PDSVs in IRS1, RAB6B, ZNF337, RALA, and HTR6 had not been previously associated with FCD. In one lesion, two PDSVs were found in two genes. In a transfected cell line, we demonstrated that the c.1791dupG (identified in FCDII from Patient 1) led to a truncated IRS1 and significant mTOR hyperactivation compared to cells that carried wild‐type IRS1. mTOR was also activated in FCDII tissue from Patient 1.SignificanceSeven PDSVs were identified in FCDII lesions in six of 17 children. Five variant genes had not been previously associated with cortical malformations. We demonstrated that the IRS1 variant led to mTOR hyperactivation in vitro. Although functional experiments are needed, the results provide evidence for novel candidate genes in the pathogenesis of FCDII.
Association of polymorphisms in TNF‐α, IL‐1β, GSTM and GSTT genes with apical periodontitis: is there a link with herpesviral infection?
Authors: Jakovljevic A. , Nikolic N. , Carkic J. , Beljic‐Ivanovic K. , Soldatovic I. , Miletic M. , Andric M. , Milasin J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the possible association between TNFα (−308 G/A) and IL‐1β (−511 C/T) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and GSTT and GSTM deletion polymorphisms and risk of apical periodontitis (AP) development, and determine the association of different genotypes with the presence of herpesviral infection in AP.MethodologyThe study included 120 periapical lesions and 200 control samples. Gene polymorphism analysis was performed using either polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or PCR/ restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Relative gene expression of TNF‐α and IL‐1β was analysed using reverse transcriptase – real‐time PCR. The presence of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) was assessed by nested PCR. Chi‐square and Fisher’s exact tests and logistic regression analyses were done for polymorphisms, whilst Mann–Whitney U‐test was performed for the expression analysis. The expected frequency of variants was analysed by the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium test.ResultsTNF‐α (−308 G/A) SNP increased AP susceptibility for heterozygous (odds ratio (OR) = 1.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.06–2.80, P = 0.027) and homozygous (OR = 8.55, 95% CI = 1.77–41.36, P < 0.001) carriers of the variant A allele. On the other hand, IL‐1β (−511 C/T) polymorphism exerted a protective effect both in heterozygotes (OR = 0.540, 95% CI = 0.332–0.880, P = 0.013) and homozygotes (OR = 0.114, 95% CI = 0.026–0.501, P < 0.001). In addition, GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes separately, as well as concomitantly, were associated with an increased risk for AP development (P < 0.001). The null GSTT1 genotype increased approximately twice the risk of Epstein–Barr infection (EBV) in AP (OR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1–4.71, P = 0.048), whilst TNF‐α SNP decreased it, both in heterozygotes (OR = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.08–0.48, P < 0.001) and AA homozygotes (OR = 0.07, 95% CI = 0.01–0.37, P = 0.001).ConclusionsGSTM and GSTT deletion polymorphisms, as well as TNFα (−308 G/A) SNP, are associated with increased risk, whereas IL‐1β (−511 C/T) polymorphism decreases the risk of AP development. GSTT and TNFα polymorphisms also appear to modulate the risk of EBV infection in Serbian patients with AP.
Artwashing Education?
Authors: Ruck Anthony 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEducation increasingly operates in neoliberal terms; privatisation, marketisation and competition have become key drivers for schools in England. This article explores the findings from an ethnography that points to how arts education practices are being used to ‘art‐wash’ schools resulting in parents with the requisite economic, social and cultural capitals ensuring that their children benefit the most from a creative education. Whilst most of the narratives on artwashing have so far focused on arts institutions and global capital, this article questions how some of the specific processes of gentrification may be extended to the current education system in England and ask if schools and arts organisations may increasingly be ‘art‐washing education’.
Social construction of biopsychosocial and medical experiences of women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Wright Pamela J. , Dawson Robin M. , Corbett Cynthia F. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimTo explore the perceived biopsychosocial and medical experiences of women with polycystic ovary syndrome, as presented in stories written by women on a social support website.DesignQualitative descriptive using low inference content analysis, guided by the social construction of illness theoretical framework.MethodsIn July 2018, 95 of 379 website stories were randomly selected. The stories were analysed, ending in September 2018.ResultsThree major themes aligning with framework constructs were identified: Biopsychosocial struggles and management: “I can't even look in the mirror without wanting to cry,” Sociocultural navigation: “I feel all alone and no one understands me.” and Healthcare encounters: “I don't feel like I’m getting the help I need”. These themes revealed that Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has biological and experiential components, which exist independently of each other and hold social and cultural meanings.ConclusionCare for women with PCOS should be multidisciplinary, multidimensional, and multi‐level to ameliorate biopsychosocial issues. Provider (physicians, nurse practitioners, physician assistants) education about PCOS is necessary to enhance timely diagnosis and implement individualized treatment strategies. Non‐advanced practice nurses are in a unique position to have an impact on patient satisfaction and clinical outcomes by providing and reinforcing patient education, coordinating management processes, counselling via telephone or in‐person appointments and facilitating referrals to ancillary providers. Evidence‐based and accessible psychosocial supports and interventions will lead to improved self‐esteem and effective coping skills, and reduced stigma‐related stress. Lastly, policy changes are warranted to address access to care, health insurance inequities and inadequate funding for PCOS‐related research.ImpactIncreased awareness of PCOS and its biopsychosocial aspects will aid providers with timely diagnosis and meaningful treatment plans. Women with PCOS will gain acknowledgment, acceptance, and insight towards health care and self‐management.
Structural and functional properties of raw and defatted flaxseed flour and degradation of cynogenic contents using different processing methods
Authors: Safdar Bushra , Pang Zhihua , Liu Xinqi , Rashid Muhammad T. , Jatoi Mushtaque A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFlaxseed contains valuable nutritional composition with functional and bioactive properties. These characteristics make flaxseed an attractive source of functional ingredients for the preparation of foodstuffs. An extensive comparative study was conducted using raw and defatted flaxseed flours (DFF), investigating their functional properties, antioxidant potential (ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays), thermal properties by differential scanning calorimeter, microstructure by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis. Flaxseed flour contains a considerable amount of cyanogen glycosides that have certain harmful effects on human health. Therefore, different processing methods (microwave processing, water boiling, autoclaving, soaking, solvent extraction, and ultrasound‐assisted detoxification) were compared to reduce this harmful compound in DFF. As seen in results, significant increase in proximate composition was observed in DFF. Similarly, DFF showed better antioxidant activity and functional properties. FTIR spectra revealed that the characteristic peaks associated with protein and carbohydrates were more prominent in DFF. Additionally, all tested detoxification methods significantly depleted HCN content. Among all, water boiling method found to be higher in reduction of HCN content followed by ultrasound assisted detoxification method. These findings revealed that DFF possess good nutritional, functional, and antioxidant properties, suggesting the potential application as a functional ingredient and as a supplement in foods.Practical ApplicationsFlaxseed has been considered as a rich source of oil, protein and other beneficial components. The presence of cyanogenic components (mainly HCN) limits its application in food products. Therefore, the current study is conducted with a view of providing beneficial knowledge concerning potential applicability of flaxseed flour on industrial scale. It will also be supportive for establishing strategies to reduce HCN content from DFF and subsequently providing a safer toxin free flour with high nutrition value that could supplement other cereal or tuber flours.
Muscone suppresses inflammatory responses and neuronal damage in a rat model of cervical spondylotic myelopathy by regulating Drp1‐dependent mitochondrial fission
Authors: Zhou Long‐yun , Yao Min , Tian Zi‐rui , Liu Shu‐fen , Song Yong‐jia , Ye Jie , Li Gan , Sun Yue‐li , Cui Xue‐jun , Wang Yong‐jun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a common cause of disability with few treatments. Aberrant mitochondrial dynamics play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, regulation of mitochondrial dynamics may offer therapeutic benefit for the treatment of CSM. Muscone, the active ingredient of an odoriferous animal product, exhibits anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective effects for which the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. We hypothesized that muscone might ameliorate inflammatory responses and neuronal damage by regulating mitochondrial dynamics. To this end, the effects of muscone on a rat model of chronic cervical cord compression, as well as activated BV2 cells and injured neurons, were assessed. The results showed that muscone intervention improved motor function compared with vehicle‐treated rats. Indeed, muscone attenuated pro‐inflammatory cytokine expression, neuronal‐apoptosis indicators in the lesion area, and activation of the nod‐like receptor family pyrin domain‐containing 3 inflammasome, nuclear transcription factor‐κB, and dynamin‐related protein 1 in Iba1‐ and βIII‐tubulin‐labeled cells. Compared with vehicle‐treated rats, compression sites of muscone‐treated animals exhibited elongated mitochondrial morphologies in individual cell types and reduced reactive oxygen species. In vitro results indicated that muscone suppressed microglial activation and neuronal damage by regulating related‐inflammatory or apoptotic molecules. Moreover, muscone inhibited dynamin‐related protein 1 activation in activated BV2 cells and injured neurons, whereby it rescued mitochondrial fragmentation and reactive oxygen species production, which regulate a wide range of inflammatory and apoptotic molecules. Our findings reveal that muscone attenuates neuroinflammation and neuronal damage in rats with chronic cervical cord compression by regulating mitochondrial fission events, suggesting its promise for CSM therapy.
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Roads to American Empire: U.S. Military Public Works and Capitalist Transitions, 1898–1934.
Authors: Jackson Justin F. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBetween 1898 and 1934, in synchronous and successive U.S. military interventions and occupations in Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic, American soldiers made public works, and especially roads, into a global technology of imperial power. This essay examines infrastructure as a factor in state formation and capitalist transition in these five different imperial spaces as a way to study U.S. empire, and its effects on foreign societies, through a comparative, global, and intra‐imperial approach often precluded by the methodological nationalism of historical and sociological literatures. Despite significant differences between these sites of U.S. war and occupation, both prior to American interventions and during them, U.S. military public works expressed and advanced a common political‐economic logic of state centralization and capital accumulation. Colonial and post‐colonial political institutions and political economies, the strength of central governments, the extent of plantation agriculture and rural proletarianization, world commodity markets, and geography and natural events varied, but determined U.S. imperial infrastructure's outcomes. By the 1930s, the U.S. military had elevated infrastructural improvement to a key repertoire of American imperial power in the world, and one which persisted as the United States turned away from formal colonialism in the era of the Cold War and decolonization.
Self‐management activities of older people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by types of healthcare services utilised: A cross‐sectional questionnaire study
Authors: Kitamura Satomi , Igarashi Ayumi , Yamauchi Yasuhiro , Senjyu Hideaki , Horie Takeo , Yamamoto‐Mitani Noriko 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAims and designVarious healthcare services in Japan provide self‐management interventions for older people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To examine the influence of healthcare service utilisation on self‐management activities, we conducted a cross‐sectional survey of older people with COPD who received care through outpatient clinics (OC), outpatient rehabilitation centres (OR) or home care (HC) services.MethodsThe survey consisted of 34 originally developed self‐report questions about three types of self‐management activities: (a) strategies to minimise dyspnoea, (b) appropriate activities to maintain physical and mental health status and (c) communication with healthcare professionals or family members. We compared self‐management activities in each setting (OC, OR and HC) using logistic regression analyses, controlling for dyspnoea level and age, which we chose as representative variables of disease severity.ResultsAmong the total sample (n = 81; mean age: 78.2 years old), participants in the HC group (n = 25) had the most severe level of COPD, followed by those in the OR (n = 31) and OC (n = 12) groups. Compared with participants from the OC group, more participants from the OR and HC groups reported self‐management activities, such as “moving body corresponding to breathing” (OR: adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 6.71; HC: AOR, 6.98), “trying not to move quickly” (OR: AOR, 5.46), “avoiding suffocating movements” (HC: AOR, 7.37), “getting an influenza vaccination”(OR: AOR, 8.12; HC: AOR, 7.81), “stretching exercise” (OR: AOR, 6.42; HC: AOR, 16.76), “muscle training” (OR: AOR, 8.49; HC: AOR, 9.73) and “discussing lifestyle goals with healthcare professionals” (HC: AOR, 5.75) after controlling for dyspnoea level and age.ConclusionsSome self‐management activities (such as breathing techniques and home exercise) were associated with the use of OR or HC services, an effect persisting after adjusting for degree of breathlessness and age.Implications for practiceFindings suggest that we should provide additional services such as OR and HC besides OC to older people with COPD who are unable to practice self‐management activities. We need to consider strategies to provide effective self‐management intervention in each healthcare service setting according to the unique characteristics of each setting.
Combining ability of soybean (Glycine max) for low phosphorus tolerance on acidic soils of Western Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfaye Abush , Githiri Mwangi , Derera John , Debele Tolessa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDetermining the gene actions governing the inheritance of traits of interest has paramount importance in designing a breeding approach to improve the progeny populations. This study was undertaken to determine the combining ability of nine selected parental lines in the F2/F3 segregating populations for low P tolerance. The experiment was laid out in an alpha lattice design in two locations, that is Mettu and Assossa of Western Ethiopia that are characterized by soils with low P and pH. General combining ability (GCA) effects were highly significant for grain yield, pod length, days to maturity and plant height, while specific combining ability (SCA) effects were highly significant for grain yield, 100‐seed weight, pod length and plant height. The parent Hardee‐1 was identified as the best general combiner for yield, number of seeds per pod, pod length, plant height and pod number. The results suggest that additive gene action was important for several of the studied traits, implied by significant GCA effect, which might indicate selection for these traits could be effective in later segregating generations.
Impacts of fire cues on germination of Brassica napus L. seeds with high and low secondary dormancy
Authors: Shayanfar A. , Ghaderi‐Far F. , Behmaram R. , Soltani A. , Sadeghipour H. R. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Agricultural burning is used in farm management operations; however, information about the impact of fire cues on the release and/or induction of secondary dormancy in crop seeds is scarce.

Seeds from two oilseed rape cultivars were induced for high (HD) or low (LD) secondary dormancy using polyethyleneglycol (PEG) pre‐treatment, and their germination after exposure to various fire cues was compared to control PEG pre‐treated and non‐dormant seeds.

Non‐dormant seed germination was unaffected by various fire cues. Low doses of aerosol smoke released secondary dormancy in HD seeds, while higher doses increased dormancy of LD seeds. Dilute smoke water also released HD seed secondary dormancy, but concentrated smke water enhanced dormancy in both LD and HD seeds. The concentrated aqueous extracts from charred oilseed rape straw only promoted germination of HD seeds, while dilution inhibited LD seed germination. Heat shock (80 °C, 5 min) released secondary dormancy in HD seeds; however, higher temperatures and/or increased exposure time was associated with seed death. GC‐MS analyses of smoke water revealed two butenolides and an array of monoaromatic hydroxybenzene compounds with potential germination inhibitor or promoter activity.

The extent of secondary dormancy induction in seeds affects their subsequent responses to fire cues. Both aerosol smoke and smoke water have both germination promoter and inhibitor activity. Lacking any butenolides, aqueous extracts of charred straw contain a potential germination stimulating steroid, i.e. ergosterol. The significance of fire‐derived cues on behaviour of oilseed rape seeds in the soil seed bank is discussed.
Sediment pollution and nitrogen release at the sediment‐water interface in Changjiang River and its tributary, the lower Han River Basin
Authors: Yuan Jie , Zhong Xinlin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSurface and core sediments were investigated in the lower Han River Basin, a tributary of Changjiang River in China to evaluate the nitrogen (N) pollution of sediments and N fluxes as well as their influencing factors at the sediment‐water interface. Two methods of sediment pollution assessment were applied and the results showed that the sediment at site H9 was the most contaminated and that at site H4 and H7 was almost unpolluted. pH was significantly and positively correlated with total nitrogen (TN) content and

flux (P < 0.05), indicating that N fluxes could be related to environmental factors.

was generally from out of the sediment and into water, while

diffused into sediment from water at some sites. Overall, the N fluxes were extremely high, revealing the considerable risk in internal N release. It is of great importance to strengthen the ecological restoration and control the internal N release.