bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERLUNYA PENGATURAN KHUSUS ONLINE DISPUTE RESOLUTION (ODR) DI INDONESIA UNTUK FASILITASI PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA E-COMMERCE
Authors: Aziz Muhammad Faiz , Hidayah Muhamamd Arif 
Published: September 2020

<p>Perkembangan masif teknologi informasi selama hampir tiga dekade terakhir mendorong peningkatan transaksi <em>e-commerce</em> antar pihak hingga lintas batas. Peningkatan transaksi tersebut berpotensi terhadap peningkatan sengketa <em>e-commerce. </em>Sebagai antisipasi terhadap isu ini, <em>Online Dispute Resolution</em> (ODR) diciptakan. Dimulai pada 1990-an, ODR dianggap sebagai forum penyelesaian sengketa yang efisien, tanpa harus sidang tatap muka secara fisik (<em>face-to-face meeting</em>), berbiaya relatif rendah, dan bisa mencakup pihak yang berbeda negara. Di tingkat regional, ODR menjadi salah satu target keluaran dalam Rencana Aksi Strategis ASEAN untuk Pelindungan Konsumen (ASAPCP) 2016-2025. Di Indonesia, ODR sesungguhnya sudah mempunyai basis regulasinya, namun belum diatur secara spesifik. Meningkatnya transaksi <em>e-commerce</em> yang dilakukan oleh warga Indonesia akhir-akhir ini tentu saja berpotensi meningkatkan sengketa. Tulisan ini mencoba untuk mengidentifikasi isu hukum dan kelembagaan terkait ODR sekaligus untuk mendorong pengaturan yang khusus bagi ODR dan mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa bagi transaksi <em>e-commerce</em>. Melalui metode normatif yuridis, tulisan ini menganalisa perkembangan ODR di luar negeri, mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa ODR, pengaturan ODR di Indonesia, peluang dan tantangan, serta<ins cite="mailto:Harlianto%20Tarmizi" datetime="2020-07-07T16:02"></ins>merekomendasikan desain pengaturan atas ODR.</p>
Від Кавказу до Абіссінії: важкий шлях британського консула Чарльза Дункана Кемерона (1825-1870 рр.)
Authors: Тригуб Олександр 
Published: September 2020

Відтворено життєпис британського консула Чарльза Дункана Кемерона (1825-1870), який у 1858-1860 рр. був віце-консулом у кавказьких містечках Редут-Кале та Поті. Зазначено, що кавказька сторінка долі Ч. Кемерона не стала найяскравішою ні у його житті, ні в кар’єрі дипломата. Натомість сам він залишив яскравий слід в історії консульської служби Її Величності, пройшовши важкий шлях від бойового офіцера, учасника південноафриканських кампаній середини ХІХ ст. і Східної війни 1853-56 рр. до консула в Массауа (Абіссінія), де став вимушеним «учасником» ефіопської військової експедиції 1868 р. Остання не тільки перетворила консула Ч. Кемерона на героя, а й підірвала здоров’я, що й поставило останню крапку у його наповненому подій життєвому шляху.
Herederas en el código civil: discursos y representaciones en torno a la capacidad jurídica de las mujeres
Authors: Coronello Romina Soledad 
Published: September 2020

La preocupación por el lugar de la mujeres en los mecanismos de sucesión, ha sido abordada tangencialmente por estudios centrados en el siglo XIX, que analizan las redefiniciones jurídicas en torno a la familia, la propiedad y la herencia destacando cambios en la legislación familiar a partir de 1830. Por otro lado, los estudios de Dora Barrancos señalan la obturación de los derechos civiles de las mujeres y la consecuente inferiorizacion de la condición jurídica de la misma, sosteniendo la agudización de la subordinación legal femenina en el tránsito del siglo XVIII al XIX. Teniendo en cuenta estos aportes, nos proponemos comenzar a explorar las redefiniciones jurídicas del lugar de las mujeres en las dinámicas de sucesión del período. Para ello y como punto de partida de nuestra investigación, focalizaremos en este trabajo específicamente sobre las disposiciones del Código Civil de 1869 así como sobre las concepciones jurídicas y circunstancias que las explican en un intento por historizar las disposiciones en pos de esbozar cambios y continuidades, así como indagar sobre las representaciones que implican tales discursos.
Dictadura, democracia y clase obrera: los trabajadores ante el retorno al régimen constitucional en el noreste de Chubut
Authors: Pérez Álvarez Gonzalo 
Published: September 2020

Nos interesa analizar una problemática de la historia reciente de Argentina: la situación que se plantea, una vez finalizada la última dictadura cívico-militar, para las organizaciones obreras, sus formas de lucha y su participación política y/o sindical. Se ha desarrollado un debate a nivel nacional, acerca de si esta dictadura generó una derrota que impidió a los trabajadores sostener formas de organización y lucha que hicieran posible la consecución de sus intereses. La mayoría de las investigaciones coinciden en que la clase obrera inició el régimen constitucional en un marco de gran debilidad, producto de esa derrota.Sin embargo, ésta no es la única mirada. Otras perspectivas sostienen que la dictadura no significó una derrota para el conjunto de los trabajadores sino que la misma se habría plasmado con la hegemonía del
Redes y dimensiones espaciales en la movilización por los derechos humanos en Argentina
Authors: Alonso Luciano 
Published: September 2020

Las luchas en defensa de los derechos humanos en Argentina, desarrolladas hacia 1974-1983 frente al terror de Estado y redefinidas luego como reclamo de memoria, verdad y justicia, fueron llevadas adelante por agentes individuales y colectivos de muy variada índole, en localizaciones tanto del interior como delexterior del Estado nacional. El presente artículo presenta una serie de consideraciones a favor del estudio de distintos niveles espaciales para superar la descripción de las redes de movilización. Una explicación integral de esas luchas no sólo debe considerar la variedad de agencias y agentes intervinientes y contemplar las diferencias locales frente a la centralidad de Buenos Aires, sino también tratar de articular un esquema de comprensión teórico y conceptual que facilite una narración explicativa extensa.
Ved en trono a la noble igualdad. Soñar con Rousseau en América Latina
Authors: Ansaldi Waldo 
Published: September 2020

El artículo persigue el objetivo de mostrar, resumidamente, la impronta de Jean-Jacques Rousseau en los procesos independentistas latinoamericanos, particularmente su propuesta de una libertad igualitaria, que fue retomada por algunos de los más destacados dirigentes revolucionarios, sobre todo en el área rioplatense, donde Mariano Moreno, Bernardo de Monteagudo y José Artigas aparecieron como los más preclaros y decididos impulsores del pensamiento del ginebrino, el cual, por otra parte, llegó relativamente temprano al continente, donde fue perseguido por el Santo Oficio por postular la soberanía popular y la democracia. El artículo analiza también la relación entre ciudadanía, ciudadano y derecho, a la que no fue ajena la cuestión de género, como también la relación entre ciudadanía y libertad, considerada, por Moreno, como principio fundante de una nueva era, coherente con el proyecto emancipador generado por las proposiciones roussonianas. Finalmente, el artículo, si bien rescata la importancia de las ideas del ginebrino en las luchas por la independencia y por la constitución de un nuevo orden social y político, no deja de advertir el breve tiempo que tuvo la impronta de las mismas, derrotadas por propuestas de orden más moderadas, cuando no conservadoras.
Grain dockage in harvesting operations: how to avoid it?
Authors: Kurdyukova O.N. , Storchous I.N. , Tyschuk O.P. 
Published: September 2020

It determined some features of the species and quantity compositions of weed seeds in the grain mass of the dominant major field crops of the steppe and forest — steppe zones of Ukraine at the harvesting time. It identified the main sources of weed seeds entrain the grain mass, depending on the harvesting time and the contamination degree of spiked cereals, cereal crops and tilled crops plantings.
The pests of grain of spiked cultures during storage
Authors: Bondarenko I.V. , Sekun N.P. , Vlasova O.G. 
Published: September 2020

The results of monitoring of species composition and relative quantity insects and mites — pests and polluters of grain of spiked cultures during storage were presented. Detected 80 species of insects and mites, which belong to two classes, 7 orders and 30 families. The dominant species among them were identified. It was agreed, that level of occupancy and contamination of grain related to the temperature and moisture of environment, grain and stored culture.
Sistem Pakar Dengan Metode Forward Chaining untuk Diagnosis Penyakit dan Hama Tanaman Semangka
Authors: Pati Muhammad Ibnu , Defit Sarjon , Nurcahyo Gunadi Widi 
Published: September 2020

Watermelon crops are in demand by farmers to cultivate. Diseases and Pests are not separated from watermelon crops experienced by farmers. To overcome this, farmers rely solely on rough living and getting information from others, this is ineffective because watermelon plant experts are very limited. An expert system is the solution to the limitations of an expert in their field. In this expert system use advanced chain methods and website-based applications. This expert system can be accessed online for users who need information, consultation of diseases and pests on watermelon plants. The expert system will diagnose the symptoms that will be answered by the user of the application and will produce conclusions along with solutions from diseases and pests of watermelon plants. With expert limitations online system is no longer an obstacle for watermelon plant farmers. Information and consultation of diseases and pests of watermelon plants biased online without having to meet with experts.
TOWARDS A SYSTEM OF COGNITIVE ELEMENTS UNDERLYING LANGUAGE SYSTEMS
Authors: Васильев Валерий Иванович , Никитинская Лариса Владимировна 
Published: September 2020

В статье предпринята попытка выделить когнитивные признаки (элементы), создаваемые работой сознания и лежащие в основе языковых категорий, систем и подсистем. Возникновение когнитивных элементов прослеживается с использованием метода интроспекции в ходе бинарных операций, проводимых при восприятии с помощью коренного бинарного тензора, на основе положений психомеханики Гюстава Гийома. В результате выделено шесть последовательных стадий развития когнитивного образа, приводящих к осознанию когнитивных элементов, которые являются базовыми для системы языка и предусматривают возможность дальнейшего расширения. Постулирована возможность выхода с любой из основных стадий развития когнитивного образа в иные измерения с последующей цепочкой операций коренного бинарного тензора параллельно главной линии последовательности образования когнитивных элементов.
Elementary cognitive features underlying language systems are identified by applying the operations of the binary radical tensor to the act of perception following the principles of psychomechanics outlined in Gustave Guillaume’s works. The resulting features called cognitive elements are hierarchically structured and comprise the following levels: occurrence, stasis/kinesis, indeterminate/determinate kinesis, punctual/repetitive occurrence, single/multiple quality, external/internal pivot. A transition can be made from each of the cognitive elements to launch another sequence of binary operations.
DIFFERENTIATION OF APHORISTIC GENRES OF LEZGIN FOLKLORE
Authors: Гашарова Аида Руслановна 
Published: September 2020

В данном исследовании произведена попытка разграничения афористических жанров лезгинского фольклора: народных пословиц, поговорок и загадок. Автором рассматриваются принципы их деления. Объектом исследования являются афористические жанры лезгинского фольклора, поскольку наряду с остальными жанрами устно-поэтического творчества они занимают видное место в фольклоре с присущей им распространенностью повествования. Исследование представляется весьма показательным и в плане выявления специфики и взаимодействия трех жанров, входящих в одну группу: пословиц, поговорок и загадок. Лезгинские пословицы - крупицы мудрости, меткие слова, которые имеют обобщающий характер и заключены в сжатую и выразительную форму. Пословицы имеют определенную структуру и отличаются внутренним художественным единством. Лезгинские поговорки - это меткие образные выражения, которые обогащают разговорную речь, придают ей самобытность, эмоциональную насыщенность; это метафоризация и аллегория без нравоучения. В них в косвенной, скрытой словесной форме говорится о ком-либо или о чем-либо, передается отношение говорящего к сказанному. Загадки - это замысловатые описания какого-либо предмета или явления, созданные с целью испытать сообразительность человека, равно как и с целью раскрыть ему глаза на поэтическую красоту и богатство предметно-вещественного мира. Цель исследования - показать различия между этими жанрами и их общие черты.
This study attempts to distinguish between aphoristic genres of the Lezgin folklore: folk proverbs, sayings and riddles. The author considers the principles for their differentiation. The object of the study is the aphoristic genres of the Lezgin folklore, since, along with other genres of folklore, they occupy a prominent position with their inherent narrative prevalence. The study seems very illustrative in terms of identifying the specifics and interaction of the three discussed genres (proverbs, sayings and riddles) which fall into the same group. The Lezgin proverbs are the grains of wisdom, striking words that have a generalizing character and are enclosed in a concise and expressive form. Proverbs have their own structure and are distinguished by their internal artistic unity. The Lezgin sayings are accurate figurative expressions that enrich spoken language, make it original and emotionally rich; it is metaphorization and allegory without moralizing. These expressions in an indirect, hidden verbal form speak of someone or something and express the speaker’s attitude to what is being said. Riddles are poetically intricate descriptions of an object or phenomenon, aiming to test a person’s quick wits, as well as to reveal the poetic beauty and richness of the material world. The subject of the study is to show the differences and similarities of these genres.
Effects of spectacles and telescopes on visual function in students with oculocutaneous albinism
Authors: Jhetam Siddeeqa , P Mashige Khathutshelo 
Published: September 2020

Purpose: To investigate the effects of spectacle and telescope corrections on visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity (CS) and reading rates (RR) in students with oculocutaneous albinism (OCA).
Methods: An observational study design was conducted on 81 students with OCA. Distance and near VA, CS and RR were measured without correction, with spectacle correction and with a combination of spectacle correction and telescopes.
Results: The mean distance and near VA values with a combination of spectacle correction and telescopes were significantly better than those without correction and with spectacle correction alone (p = 0.01). Mean CS values achieved with spectacles alone were significantly better than those obtained with a combination of spectacles and telescopes (p = 0.01). There was no significant difference between logCS values obtained without correction compared to those obtained with a combination of spectacle correction and telescopes. There were no significant differences between RR values obtained with a combination of spectacles and telescopes and those without and with spectacle correction alone (all p > 0.05).
Conclusion: This article provides valuable information to eye care practitioners on the effects of spectacles and telescopes on visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and reading rate in students with OCA.
Keywords: Oculocutaneous albinism; visual acuity; telescope; contrast sensitivity; reading rate.
Pattern of mandibular fractures and helmet use among motorcycle crash victims in Tanzania
Authors: Robert Moshy Jeremiah , Stanslaus Msemakweli Beatus , Stanslaus Owibingire Sira , Singh Sohal Karpal 
Published: September 2020

Background: The maxillofacial structures are commonly affected in motorcycle crashes, with the mandible being one of the most frequently fractured bones. Helmets have been shown to have a protective effect in preventing maxillofacial inju- ries, however, its effect on the occurrence of mandibular fractures is not very well established.
Objectives: To evaluate the pattern of mandibular fractures among motorcycle crash victims in Tanzania, and determine the role of helmets in occurrence of mandibular fractures among the motorcyclists.
Methodology: This was a 6-months prospective, cross-sectional study that recruited motorcycle crash victims who reported with mandibular fractures following motorcycle crash at Muhimbili National Hospital. A specially designed questionnaire was used for data collection. For purpose of analysis, the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 20 was used.
Results: The study included a total of 132 participants of whom majority were male (120, 90.9%). The peak age incidence was 21-40 years in 76.5% of the victims. More than half (89, 67.4%) of the victims were riders during the crash. Helmet use was reported in 42.3% of the victims, and majority (67.3%) were usinghalf-face helmets. The symphysis region was the fre- quently fractured anatomical location (50, 37.9%). More than half of the victims had multiple site involvement, with higher odds observed in individuals wearing half-face helmets.
Conclusion: Young males were affected ten times more than females. Most of the victims were riders during the crash. The symphysis region was the frequently fractured anatomical site. There was no difference in occurrence of mandibular frac- tures between those who wore and those who did not wear helmets during the crashes. However, the severity of mandibular fractures was dependent on the type of helmet used.
Keywords: Mandibular fracture; motorcycle crash; helmet use; Tanzania.
Frequency and severity of ketoacidosis at diagnosis among childhood type 1 diabetes in Khartoum state, Sudan
Authors: M Ahmed Ahmed , F Khabour Omar , M Ahmed Samia , A Alebaid Ibrahim , M Ibrahim Amna 
Published: September 2020

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially life threatening acute complication of Type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This study aimed to determine the frequency and clinical characteristics of pediatric DKA at diagnosis of new-onset T1DM in Khartoum during 2000- 2017 period.
Methods: The study was retrospective and involved review of medical files of children (<15 years) with T1DM in the city hos- pitals and diabetes centers.
Results: The overall frequency of DKA among T1DM children at onset of disease diagnosis was 17.6% (173/982). The epi- sodes of DKA increased from 26% in first 6- year period (2000-2005) to 46.3% in the last 6-year period (2011-2012; p<0.001). No significant difference in the frequency of DKA was observed according to gender (p=0.9) and age (p=0.24). Compared to other age groups, the severity of DKA (pH<7.1) was higher in pre-school children (p<0.01). Approximately, 5% of patients were complicated with cerebral edema with a mortality rate of 1.7%.
Conclusion: The DKA frequency at diagnosis of childhood T1DM in Khartoum was lower than previous reports. In addition, the severity of DKA was high among pre-school age children with a relatively high mortality rate when compared to the global rate.
Keywords: Ketoacidosis; mortality; onset; DKA; T1DM; Sudan; Khartoum.
Prevalence and predictors of receipt of weight loss advice among a nationally representative sample of overweight and obese Kenyans
Authors: Wernz Cort , S Mkuu Rahma , Leal Nicholas , Stegall Raven , Wekullo Caroline , Woldu Dawit , Shevon Harvey Idethia 
Published: September 2020

Background: As Kenya continues to experience rapid development and urbanization, growing evidence shows an increas- ing prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and overweight and obese citizens.
Objectives: This study sought to explore the extent to which Kenyan overweight and obese participants reported receiving advice from physicians or health care providers to lose weight and to identify demographic characteristics associated with receipt of weight loss advice.
Methods: Descriptive statistics analyzed sociodemographic characteristics and weight loss advice from the 2015 Kenya WHO STEPwise survey (n = 1335). A bivariate logistic regression model estimated the association between socio-demo- graphic characteristics and weight loss advice reported from a physician or health care provider.
Results: The prevalence of weight loss advice from health professionals among overweight and obese participants was 19%. Model results indicated that obese individuals [odds ratio (OR) = 2.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.36, 3.26)], individuals with higher than a secondary education [OR = 2.26, 95% CI (1.39, 3.68)], urban dwellers [OR = 2.38, 95% CI (1.29, 4.39)], and women [OR = 3.13, 95% CI (1.60, 6.12)] were significantly more likely to receive weight loss advice from their physician or health care provider.
Conclusion: This study found low levels of report of physician or health care provider advice for weight loss among overweight individuals. Advice was primarily reported by obese patients. Weight loss advice differed significantly based on educational attainment, geographical location, and gender thus calling for targeted interventions to increase equitable NCD prevention services from physicians.
Keywords: Receipt of weight loss advice; overweight; obese Kenyans.
PERANAN ORANGTUA, GURU, DAN TEMAN SEBAYA DALAM PROSES PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Durachman  , Zaki Al Fuad  
Published: September 2020

Moral deterioration of a nation is caused by lack of character education in its people. It is found that social infraction, immoral infraction, and free sex has become a culture and habit. It seems that a child considered these morality infractions as usual thing for him/her. Thus, where this nation will go? The next generation as realization of struggle in doing improvement and the maintenance of the truth which based on honesty should be given firm foundation by character education which is started from parent, teacher and peer modelling in their neighbourhood. Parent modelling become first and main factor in children’s character education, because parent is closest persons with their personality in the whole. Then teacher “is obeyed and imitated”, which means children will see example from teacher modelling in learning routine in elementary school, while peers in neighbourhood as second realization who will build a life morality. Good or bad morality depended on who is their closest friend. Parent, teacher, and peer in children neighbourhood should be able to become good modelling in order to give motivation, inspiration in children’s character education toward 2045 golden Indonesia.

Abstrak
Terjadinya keterpurukan moralitas suatu bangsa disebabkan lunturnya pendidikan karakter pada rakyatnya. Banyak ditemukan pelanggaran sosial, pelanggaran asusila, pergaulan bebas yang sudah membudaya dan terbiasa. Seakan-akan seorang anak sering menemukan pelanggaran moralitas tersebut menjadi hal yang biasa dalam dirinya. Maka, akan dibawa kemana arah bangsa ini? Generasi penerus bangsa, tunas-tunas harapan sebagai wujud perjuangan dalam melakukan sebuah perbaikan serta tegaknya kebenaran yang berladaskan kejujuran seharusnya diberikan pondasi yang kokoh dengan pendidikan karakter yang dimulai dari keteladanan orangtua, guru, dan teman di lingkungannya. Keteladanan orangtua menjadi faktor yang pertama dan utama dalam pendidikan karakter anak, karena orangtua merupakan orang yang paling dekat dengan kepribadiannya secara utuh, kemudian guru “digugu dan ditiru” yang berarti anak akan melihat contoh dari keteladanan seorang guru dalam rutintas pembelajaran di sekolah dasar, sedangkan teman di lingkungan sebagai perwujudan kedua yang akan menunjang sebuah pendidikan moralitas kehidupan, baik buruknya moralitas anak tergantung siapa teman yang berada didekatnya. Orangtua, guru, dan teman di lingkungan anak harus mampu menjadi teladan yang baik sehingga dapat memberikan motivasi, insfirasi dalam pendidikan karakter anak dalam rangka menuju Indonesia emas 2045.
Kata Kunci: Keterpurukan Moralitas, Ketauladanan Orangtua, Guru, Teman Membangun Pendidikan Karakter