bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New morphological evidence of the ‘fate’ of growth plate hypertrophic chondrocytes in the general context of endochondral ossification
Authors: Pazzaglia Ugo E. , Reguzzoni Marcella , Casati Lavinia , Sibilia Valeria , Zarattini Guido , Raspanti Mario 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe ‘fate’ of growth plate hypertrophic chondrocytes has been long debated with two opposing theories: cell apoptosis or survival with transformation into osteogenic cells. This study was carried out on the proximal tibial growth plate of rabbits using light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. We focused particularly on the orientation of the specimens included in order to define the mineral deposition and the vascular invasion lines and obtain histological and ultrastructural images at the corresponding height of the plate. Chondrocyte morphology transformation through the maturation process (characterized by vesicles and then large cytoplasmic lacunae before condensation, fragmentation and disappearance of the nuclear chromatin) did not correspond to that observed in the ‘in vitro’ apoptosis models. These findings rather suggested the passage of free water from the cartilage matrix into a still live cell (swelling). The level of these changes suggested a close relationship with the mineral deposition line. Furthermore, the study provided evidence that the metaphyseal capillaries could advance inside the columns of stacked hypertrophic chondrocytes (delimited by the intercolumnar septa) without the need for calcified matrix resorption because the thin transverse septa between the stacked chondrocyte (below the mineral deposition line) were not calcified. The zonal distribution of cell types (hypertrophic chondrocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts and macrophages) did not reveal osteoclasts or chondroclasts at this level. Morphological and morphometric analysis recorded globular masses of an amorphous, necrotic material in a zone 0–70 μm below the vascular invasion line occasionally surrounded by a membrane (indicated as ‘hypertrophic chondrocyte ghosts’). These masses and the same material not bound by a membrane were surrounded by a large number of macrophages and other blood cell precursors, suggesting this could be the cause of macrophage recall and activation. The most recent hypotheses based on genetic and lineage tracing studies stating that hypertrophic chondrocytes can survive and transform into osteoblasts and osteocytes (trans‐differentiation) were not confirmed by the ultrastructural morphology or by the zonal comparative counting and distribution of cell types below the vascular invasion line.
A systematic integrative review of parents' experience and perception of sleep when they stay overnight in the hospital together with their sick children
Authors: Løyland Borghild , Angelhoff Charlotte , Kristjánsdóttir Gudrún , Sjølie Hege 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo elucidate knowledge available on parents' experience and perception of sleep when they stay overnight in hospital together with their sick children.BackgroundIn Nordic countries, children are entitled to have at least one parent with them during hospitalisation. Parents' sleep, when accommodated at the hospital during the child's admission, may be a challenge.DesignA systematic literature search was conducted in EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO; period is restricted from 1 January 2007 to 1 April 2019. Studies included were those in which parents were accommodated in hospital with their child, 0–18 years of age, for at least one night. Original peer‐reviewed scientific research papers conducting qualitative, quantitative or mixed designs were included. Systematic reviews were not included. This systematic integrative review was registered in PROSPERO and performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. All authors participated in study selection, data extraction and quality assessment of the literature.ResultsFifteen studies were included, and they varied in terms of origin, aims, design, methods used and sample size. Three overall main themes appeared: sleep quality, factors affecting sleep and consequences of sleep loss. Combined psychological factors were found to affect parents' sleep, as well as isolated psychological factors, for example, stress, anxiety, worries and difficult thoughts. Environmental and social factors were also identified, for example, privacy and caring for family.ConclusionStudy of this subject is still in its exploratory phase. There is a need for the development of theory of substance in the clarification of the meaning of sleep among parents during difficult times such as children's hospitalisation.Relevance to clinical practiceUnderstanding risk factors associated with sleep and sleep deprivation in parents staying overnight in the hospital with their sick child is important, since lack of sleep may lead to serious stress‐related outcomes for the parents.
Time spent watching television impacts on body mass index in youth with obesity, but only in those with shortest sleep duration
Authors: Golshevsky Daniel M , Magnussen Costan , Juonala Markus , Kao Kung‐Ting , Harcourt Brooke E , Sabin Matthew A 
Published: December 2019

AimTo determine the interplay between sleep and sedentary behaviours on body mass index (BMI) in children with obesity.MethodsCross‐sectional study of 343 children with obesity aged 4–17 years, from a tertiary care weight management clinic in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Multifaceted data relating to activity and sleep from child and parent questionnaires analysed with anthropometric data collected during routine clinical care. Associations between sleep duration and activity measures were examined via regression models with adjustment for potential confounders.ResultsHigher BMI was associated with more hours spent watching television (P = 0.04), as well as less reported enjoyment of physical activity (P = 0.005) and less time spent in organised sport activity (P = 0.005). Higher BMI was also associated with higher levels of obstructive sleep apnoea (P = 0.002). Less time in bed was associated with higher levels of BMI (P = 0.03) but analysis by sex revealed this association to only hold for males. In the whole group, a significant television and sleep interaction was seen, such that increasing television watching was associated with higher BMI, but only in those with shortest sleep duration.ConclusionsBoth poor sleep and increasing screen time (including television viewing, smart‐phone use, internet use or video‐gaming) appear to impact BMI in children with obesity, with a particular detrimental effect of television viewing in those who sleep less. Efforts to improve sleep time and quality in children may minimise negative effects of screen time on increasing BMI and should be included in public health strategies to combat obesity in childhood.
Metabonomics analysis of Zi goose follicular granulosa cells using ENO1 gene expression interference
Authors: Ji Hong , Guo Wenjin , Niu Chunyang , Li Yue , Lian Shuai , Zhan Xuelong , Guo Jingru , Zhen Li , Yang Huanmin , Li Shize , Wang Jianfa 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Zi goose is native to North‐east China and is noted for its high egg production. Alpha enolase (ENO1) is a glycolytic enzyme which functions as a plasminogen receptor in follicular granulosa cells (FGCs), with several studies showing that FGCs can support follicular development. By transfecting the ENO1 interfering plasmid (shRNA) into FGCs, ENO1 expression in these cells was downregulated, suggesting the successful knock‐down of ENO1 in these cells. In this knock‐down model, we detected 13 metabolites from FGCs using LC/MS. When compared with the non‐coding shRNA (NC) group, the lower level metabolites were (R)‐(+)‐citronellic acid, altretamine, 3‐hydroxycaproic acid, heptadecanoic acid, cholecalciferol vitamin D3, indole, benzoic acid, capric acid, caffeic acid, azelaic acid, 3,4‐dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid and cholic acid, while oleic acid was detected at high levels. To further examine the results of metabolomics, six key metabolites were verified by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). We found that vitamin D3, indole, benzoic acid, capric acid and cholic acid were significantly downregulated in the shRNA group, while oleic acid was significantly upregulated. This observation was consistent with the metabolomics data. Through these studies, we found that decreased ENO1 levels altered certain metabolite levels in FGCs.
Endogenous fat losses and true and apparent fat digestibility in adult and growing dogs fed diets containing poultry offal fat
Authors: Sabchuk Tabyta T. , Risolia Larissa W. , Souza Camilla M. M. , Félix Ananda P. , Maiorka Alex , Oliveira Simone G. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of dietary nutrients, endogenous fat loss (EFL), dietary metabolizable energy (ME) content, coefficient of true digestibility (CTD) of fat and faecal parameters of dogs. A total of 16 puppies and 8 adult dogs were distributed according to a double Latin square experimental design. A basal diet was formulated, to which increasing levels (60, 120 and 180 g/kg) of poultry offal fat oil were added. EFL was estimated using hyperbolic and linear regression as a function of LW/day and dry matter (DM) intake, respectively, and the CTD of fat was calculated. The CTTAD of acid‐hydrolysis ether extract (AHEE) and ME content increased as dietary poultry offal fat level increased both in adult dogs and in puppies (p < .05). The CTTAD of DM and crude protein were higher in adult dogs than in puppies. EFL was estimated by hyperbolic regression asy = 98.1094 − 13.6202/xandy = 99.1280 − 26.1366/x, wherey = CTTAD of AHEE (%) andx = AHEE intake/kg BW, for adult dogs and puppies, respectively, which yielded EFL values of 138 and 262 mg AHEE per kg BW per day for adult dogs and puppies respectively. The EFL estimated by linear regression was 7.89 g and 8.97 g/kg DM intake for adult dogs and puppies respectively. The CTD estimated by both methodologies was higher in puppies than in adults (p < .05). Lower faecal DM and score, and higher ammonia production were obtained in puppies than adult dogs (p < .05). The results indicate good fat utilization and that fat digestibility is underestimated, as the CTTAD of AHEE does not take into account EFL, particularly at low‐fat inclusion levels and in growing dogs, which have greater EFL than adult dogs.
Genome structure and apomixis in Phoenicaulis (Brassicaceae; Boechereae)
Authors: Mandáková Terezie , Ashby Kaylynn , Price Bo J. , Windham Michael D. , Carman John G. , Lysak Martin A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractApomixis in crucifer (Brassicaceae) species is rare, reported in just four genera (Boechera, Draba, Erysimum, and Parrya), and one intergeneric hybrid (Raphanobrassica). It is well studied only in Boechera, where it is widespread among 100+ recognized species. However, its occurrence in related genera of the tribe Boechereae has not been documented previously. Here we analyzed genome evolution, mode of reproduction, and fertility of the monospecific Boechereae genus Phoenicaulis (P. cheiranthoides), endemic to the northwestern United States. We discovered that the species encompasses diploid (2n = 2x = 14), triploid (2n = 3x = 21), and tetraploid (2n = 4x = 28) populations. Comparative chromosome painting analyses revealed that the three karyotypes are essentially structurally identical, differing only in the presence of a largely heterochromatic chromosome (Het) in the triploid and tetraploid cytotypes. The genome structure of Phoenicaulis appeared identical to that of Boechera species previously analyzed, suggesting genomic stasis despite the morphological and molecular divergence of the two genera. This genome colinearity extended to the presence and structure of the Het chromosomes, which are closely associated with apomictic reproduction in Boechera. Interestingly, all three cytotypes of Phoenicaulis proved to be apomictic, regardless of the presence or absence of a Het chromosome, and sexual populations have yet to be identified.
The effect of night‐time exercise on sleep architecture among well‐trained male endurance runners
Authors: Aloulou Anis , Duforez Francois , Bieuzen Francois , Nedelec Mathieu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of night‐time (21:00 hours) high‐intensity, intermittent exercise on sleep architecture among well‐trained athletes in a laboratory setting. In a randomized, counterbalanced order, 11 well‐trained male runners completed a simulated trail‐running exercise (TRAIL) on a motorized treadmill and a resting condition (REST; no exercise during the day). After each condition, nocturnal autonomic nervous system activity and core body temperature (CBT) were measured and sleep was analysed using polysomnography and actigraphy. Markers of muscle damage (maximal voluntary contraction [MVC], plasma creatine kinase concentration [CK] and perceived muscle soreness) were recorded before and immediately (POST), 24 hr (H24) and 48 hr (H48) after exercise. TRAIL induced a high level of fatigue and mild exercise‐induced muscle damage, as determined by a reduction in MVC (−9.4%, p < .01, d = −1.36) and increases in [CK] (+176.0%, p < .01, d = 1.49) and perceived muscle soreness (+4.5 UA, p < .01, d = 2.17) compared with REST at H24. A trend for increased non‐rapid eye movement (+4.2%; p = .10; d = 0.86) and reduced rapid eye movement (−4.4%; p = .07; d = −0.87) during sleep was observed for TRAIL compared with the REST condition. Moreover, compared with REST, TRAIL significantly increased CBT and nocturnal HR during the first part of the night. In conclusion, sleep architecture was modified after night‐time, high‐intensity exercise among well‐trained runners.
Changes in land cover resulting from the introduction of non‐native pine modifies litter traits of temperate forests in Patagonia
Authors: Franzese Jorgelina , Raffaele Estela , Blackhall Melisa , Rodriguez Johanna , Soto Alejandra Y. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimsChanges in land cover resulting from the introduction of non‐native pine plantations and subsequent pine invasion is increasingly affecting forest areas in the Southern Hemisphere, and having negative impacts on diverse ecosystem components. We studied the abundance, biophysical attributes, and flammability of litter in temperate forests modified by the introduction of the non‐native Pinus radiata, and later by its post‐fire invasion from adjacent sites. We also evaluated the short‐term effects on litter of mechanical removal of P. radiata from post‐fire invasion sites.LocationNorth‐western Patagonia, Argentina.MethodsWe measured abundance, depth, moisture content and determined species composition of litter samples collected at native forest, plantation, and post‐fire invasion and removal sites. We also performed flammability tests on leaf litter samples of the dominant species from each habitat type. In all cases, litter traits from the modified habitats were compared with those obtained from native forest (reference system).ResultsMoisture content and litter species composition were notably affected by the alteration of habitat. A decrease in species richness and changes in the identity and abundance of the dominant species were the most remarkable shifts recorded in the modified habitats. While pine needles were mainly associated with parameters indicative of high leaf litter flammability, the opposite was found for leaves of the dominant native trees. The removal of invasive pines from early post‐fire invasion did not reveal any biophysical changes in litter that would indicate a tendency towards the conditions found in native forest litter.ConclusionsPine needles as a novel element in litter found in pine‐dominated habitats have a prominent impact on litter traits associated with alterations in key ecosystem properties in comparison with the reference system. For a short‐term recovery of burned, invaded areas, additional ecological practices other than the removal of invasive trees should be conducted to successfully drive successional changes towards conditions similar to those found in native vegetation.
Efficacy and safety of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in renally impaired patients with chronic HCV infection
Authors: Lawitz Eric , Flisiak Robert , Abunimeh Manal , Sise Meghan E. , Park Jun Y. , Kaskas Marwan , Bruchfeld Annette , Wörns Marcus‐Alexander , Aglitti Andrea , Zamor Philippe J. , Xue Zhenyi , Schnell Gretja , Jalundhwala Yash J. , Porcalla Ariel , Mensa Federico J. , Persico Marcello 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsChronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection increases the risk of incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) and progression to end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). Previously available direct‐acting antiviral regimens are not approved for patients with advanced CKD across all HCV genotypes.MethodsEXPEDITION‐5 is a phase 3 study to evaluate efficacy and safety of the fixed‐dose combination of glecaprevir and pibrentasvir (G/P) for chronic HCV infection (genotype 1 through 6) in adults without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis and with stage 3b, 4 or 5 CKD. Patients received approved duration of G/P according to HCV genotype, cirrhosis status and prior HCV treatment experience. The primary efficacy endpoint was percentage of patients with sustained virologic response at 12 weeks post‐treatment (SVR12).ResultsAmong the 101 patients enrolled in the study, 24% had predialysis CKD and 76% were on dialysis. Eighty‐four patients were treated with G/P for 8 weeks, 13 patients for 12 weeks and four patients for 16 weeks. Fifty‐five per cent of patients had genotype 1, 27% had genotype 2, 15% had genotype 3 and 4% had genotype 4, and none had genotype 5 or 6 infection. The SVR12 rate was 97% (98/101, 95% confidence interval, 91.6‐99.0). No patients experienced virologic failure. Adverse events (AEs) reported in at least 5% of the patients were pruritus, bronchitis, hypertension and generalized pruritus. Serious AEs were reported in 12% of patients; none related to study drug.ConclusionsG/P treatment yielded high SVR12 rates irrespective of the presence of stage 3b, 4 or 5 CKD. No safety signals were detected.Clinicaltrials.gov identifierThis Phase 3 clinical trial was funded by AbbVie and registered with clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03069365 (EXPEDITION‐5).
Genomic and phenomic analysis of island ant community assembly
Authors: Darwell Clive T. , Fischer Georg , Sarnat Eli M. , Friedman Nicholas R. , Liu Cong , Baiao Guilherme , Mikheyev Alexander S. , Economo Evan P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIsland biodiversity has long fascinated biologists as it typically presents tractable systems for unpicking the eco‐evolutionary processes driving community assembly. In general, two recurring themes are of central theoretical interest. First, immigration, diversification, and extinction typically depend on island geographical properties (e.g., area, isolation, and age). Second, predictable ecological and evolutionary trajectories readily occur after colonization, such as the evolution of adaptive trait syndromes, trends toward specialization, adaptive radiation, and eventual ecological decline. Hypotheses such as the taxon cycle draw on several of these themes to posit particular constraints on colonization and subsequent eco‐evolutionary dynamics. However, it has been challenging to examine these integrated dynamics with traditional methods. Here, we combine phylogenomics, population genomics and phenomics, to unravel community assembly dynamics among Pheidole (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) ants in the isolated Fijian archipelago. We uphold basic island biogeographic predictions that isolated islands accumulate diversity primarily through in situ evolution rather than dispersal, and population genomic support for taxon cycle predictions that endemic species have decreased dispersal ability and demography relative to regionally widespread taxa. However, rather than trending toward island syndromes, ecomorphological diversification in Fiji was intense, filling much of the genus‐level global morphospace. Furthermore, while most endemic species exhibit demographic decline and reduced dispersal, we show that the archipelago is not an evolutionary dead‐end. Rather, several endemic species show signatures of population and range expansion, including a successful colonization to the Cook islands. These results shed light on the processes shaping island biotas and refine our understanding of island biogeographic theory.
Genotypic diversity in clinical and environmental isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans from India using multilocus microsatellite and multilocus sequence typing
Authors: Prakash Anupam , Sundar Gandhi , Sharma Brijesh , Hagen Ferry , Meis Jacques F. , Chowdhary Anuradha 
Published: December 2019

SummaryBackgroundCryptococcus neoformans is the leading cause of cryptococcal meningitis in HIV/AIDS patients. As infections in humans are predominantly caused by the inhalation of basidiospores from environmental sources, therefore, analysing the population structure of both clinical and environmental populations of C neoformans can increase our understanding of the molecular epidemiology of cryptococcosis.ObjectiveTo investigate the genotypic diversity and antifungal susceptibility profile of a large collection of C neoformans isolates (n = 523) from clinical and environmental sources in India between 2001 and 2014.Materials and methodsCryptococcus neoformans isolates were genotyped by AFLP, microsatellite typing (MLMT) and MLST. In vitro antifungal susceptibility for standard antifungals was undertaken using CLSI M27‐A3.ResultsAll isolates were C neoformans, AFLP1/VNI and exhibited mating‐type MATα. MLMT revealed that the majority of isolates belonged to microsatellite cluster (MC) MC3 (49%), followed by MC1 (35%), and the remaining isolates fell in 11 other MC types. Interestingly, two‐thirds of clinical isolates were genotype MC3 and only 17% of them were MC1, whereas majority of environmental strains were MC1 (54%) followed by MC3 (16%). Overall, MLST assigned 5 sequence types (STs) among all isolates and ST93 was the most common (n = 76.7%), which was equally distributed in both HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative patients. Geometric mean MICs revealed that isolates in MC1 were significantly less (P < .05) susceptible to amphotericin B, 5‐flucytosine, itraconazole, posaconazole and isavuconazole than isolates in MC3.ConclusionsThe study shows a good correlation between MLMT and MLST genotyping methods. Further, environmental isolates were genetically more diverse than clinical isolates.