bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole virus detection using aptamers and paper‐based sensor potentiometry
Authors: Dolai Subhashish , Tabib‐Azar Massood 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPaper‐based sensors, microfluidic platforms and electronics have attracted attention in the past couple of decades because they are flexible, can be recycled easily, environmentally friendly and inexpensive. Here, we report a paper‐based potentiometric sensor to detect the whole Zika virus with a minimum sensitivity of 0.26 nV/Zika and a minimum detectable signal (MDS) of 2.4x107 Zika. Our paper sensor works very similar to a P‐N junction where a junction is formed between two different regions with different electrochemical potentials on the paper. These two regions with slightly different ionic contents, ionic species and concentrations, produce a potential difference given by the Nernst equation. Our paper sensor consists of 2‐3 × 10 mm segments of paper with conducting silver paint contact patches on two ends. The paper is dipped in a buffer solution containing aptamers designed to bind to the capsid proteins on Zika. We then added the Zika (in its own buffer) to the region close to one of the silver paint contacts. The Zika virus (40 nm diameter with 43 kDa or 7.1 × 10−20 gm weight) became immobilized in the paper's pores and bonded with the resident aptamers creating a concentration gradient. Atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy were carried out to verify that both the aptamer and Zika become immobilized in the paper. The potential measured between the two silver paint contacts reproducibly became more negative upon adding the Zika. We also showed that a liquid crystalline display (LCD) powered by the sensor can be used to read the sensor output.
Novel dual‐band circularly polarized slot antenna with asymmetrical stubs
Authors: Sung Youngje 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a slot antenna with circularly polarized (CP) characteristics in two frequency bands. The proposed antenna consists of a square wide slot with a square patch in the center and a pair of stubs for radiator asymmetry. The proposed antenna shows right‐hand CP characteristics at 1.88 GHz and left‐hand CP characteristics at 4.41 GHz. The proposed antenna has measured impedance bandwidths of 24.3% (1.77‐2.26 GHz) and 33.4% (3.84‐5.38 GHz) in the lower and upper bands, respectively. The measured 3‐dB axial‐ratio bandwidths are 4.4% (1.78‐1.86 GHz) and 7.9% (4.25‐4.6 GHz), respectively. Details of the design considerations of the proposed antenna are described and experimental results for its dual‐band CP performance are presented and discussed.
FRoG: An independent dose and LETd prediction tool for proton therapy at ProBeam® facilities
Authors: Kopp Benedikt , Fuglsang Jensen Maria , Mein Stewart , Hoffmann Lone , Nyström Håkan , Falk Marianne , Haberer Thomas , Abdollahi Amir , Debus Jürgen , Mairani Andrea 
Published: August 2020

PurposeParticle therapy is becoming increasingly available world‐wide for precise tumor targeting, its favorable depth dose deposition, and increased biological damage to tumor tissue compared to conventional photon therapy. As demand increases for improved robustness and conformality, next‐generation secondary dose calculation engines are needed to verify treatment plans independently and provide estimates for clinical decision‐making factors, such as dose‐averaged linear energy transfer (LETd) and relative biological effectiveness (RBE).MethodFRoG (Fast dose Recalculation on GPU) has been installed and commissioned at the Danish Centre for Particle Therapy (DCPT). FRoG was developed for synchrotron‐based facilities and has previously demonstrated good agreement with gold‐standard Monte Carlo simulations and measurements. In this work, additions and modifications to FRoG’s pencil beam algorithm to support the ion beam delivery with cyclotron‐based technology as used at the DCPT, range shifter (RS) implementation, and robustness analysis methods are presented. FRoG dose predictions are compared to measurements and predictions of the clinical treatment planning system (TPS) Eclipse (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, United States of America, CA, v.13.7.16) in both homogenous and heterogeneous scenarios using a solid‐water/water and a half‐head anthropomorphic phantom, respectively. Additional capabilities of FRoG are explored by performing a plan robustness analysis, analyzing dose and LETd for ten patients.ResultsMid‐target measurements in spread‐out Bragg Peaks (SOBP) were on average within −0.19% ± 0.30% and ≤0.5% of FRoG predictions for irradiations without and with RS, respectively. Average 3%/2mm 3D γ‐analysis passing rates were 99.1% for ~200 patient plan QA comparisons. Measurement with an anthropomorphic head‐phantom yielded a γ‐passing rate >98%. Overall, maximum target differences in D02% of <2% between the TPS and FRoG were observed for patient plans. The robustness analysis study accounting for range, delivery, and positioning uncertainties revealed small differences in target dose and a maximum LETdVH02% (LETd received by 2% of the volume having dose larger than 1% of maximum dose) values below 10.1 keV/µm to the brain stem.ConclusionWe demonstrate that auxiliary dose calculation systems like FRoG can yield excellent agreement to measurements comparable to clinical beam models. Through this work, application of FRoG as a secondary engine at third party cyclotron‐based particle treatment facilities is now established for dose verification as well as providing further insight on LETd and variable RBE distributions for protons, currently absent from the standard clinical TPS.
Simultaneous super‐resolution and contrast synthesis of routine clinical magnetic resonance images of the knee for improving automatic segmentation of joint cartilage: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: Neubert Aleš , Bourgeat Pierrick , Wood Jason , Engstrom Craig , Chandra Shekhar S. , Crozier Stuart , Fripp Jurgen 
Published: August 2020

PurposeHigh resolution three‐dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance (MR) images are well suited for automated cartilage segmentation in the human knee joint. However, volumetric scans such as 3D Double‐Echo Steady‐State (DESS) images are not routinely acquired in clinical practice which limits opportunities for reliable cartilage segmentation using (fully) automated algorithms. In this work, a method for generating synthetic 3D MR (syn3D‐DESS) images with better contrast and higher spatial resolution from routine, low resolution, two‐dimensional (2D) Turbo‐Spin Echo (TSE) clinical knee scans is proposed.MethodsA UNet convolutional neural network is employed for synthesizing enhanced artificial MR images suitable for automated knee cartilage segmentation. Training of the model was performed on a large, publically available dataset from the OAI, consisting of 578 MR examinations of knee joints from 102 healthy individuals and patients with knee osteoarthritis.ResultsThe generated synthetic images have higher spatial resolution and better tissue contrast than the original 2D TSE, which allow high quality automated 3D segmentations of the cartilage. The proposed approach was evaluated on a separate set of MR images from 88 subjects with manual cartilage segmentations. It provided a significant improvement in automated segmentation of knee cartilages when using the syn3D‐DESS images compared to the original 2D TSE images.ConclusionThe proposed method can successfully synthesize 3D DESS images from 2D TSE images to provide images suitable for automated cartilage segmentation.
Pushing the Limits with Cellulose Nanocrystal Loadings in Latex‐Based Pressure‐Sensitive Adhesive Nanocomposites
Authors: Gabriel Vida A. , Cranston Emily D. , Dubé Marc A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are a naturally sourced, nontoxic, nanoparticle known to improve tack, peel strength, and shear resistance simultaneously when incorporated into nanocomposite latexes produced for pressure‐sensitive adhesive (PSA) applications. In this study, methods for incorporating CNCs into a butyl acrylate/styrene/acrylic acid (91.5/4.5/4.0 wt%) seeded semibatch emulsion polymerization for the production of PSAs are presented. Past work has revealed a limit of 1.0–2.0 wt% (based on monomer) CNC loadings due to latex instability. In this work, CNC loadings of up to 4.0 wt% in a stable latex with 40 wt% solids are achieved by utilizing all of the available water in the formulation to maximize CNC redispersion. The CNC addition method is studied (i.e., in the seed, in the feed, or partitioned in both) and adhesive performance results indicate that there are no significant benefits to where the CNCs are dispersed in situ during polymerization. However, the quality of the CNC‐water dispersion is pivotal to ensuring latex homogeneity and therefore, adhesive film quality. Though CNCs improved adhesive strength at low concentrations, their enhancing effects are modest when used with a commercially competitive base‐case PSA formulation.
A novel sequence for simultaneous measurement of whole‐brain static and dynamic MRA, intracranial vessel wall image, and T1‐weighted structural brain MRI
Authors: Chen Zhensen , Zhou Zechen , Qi Haikun , Chen Huijun , Chu Baocheng , Hatsukami Thomas S. , Yuan Chun , Balu Niranjan 
Published: August 2020

PurposeTo propose a highly time‐efficient imaging technique named improved simultaneous noncontrast angiography and intraplaque hemorrhage (iSNAP) for simultaneous assessment of lumen, vessel wall, and blood flow in intracranial arteries.MethodsiSNAP consists of pulsed arterial spin labeling preparations and 3D golden angle radial acquisition. Images were reconstructed by k‐space weighted image contrast (KWIC) method with optimized data‐sharing strategies. Dynamic MRA for blood flow assessment was obtained from iSNAP by reconstruction at multiple inversion times and image subtraction, static MRA by both image subtraction approach and phase‐sensitive inversion recovery technique, and vessel wall images by both reconstruction at zero‐crossing time‐point of blood and phase‐sensitive inversion recovery. A T1‐weighted brain MRI was also reconstructed from iSNAP. Preliminary comparison of iSNAP against the dedicated dynamic MRA sequence 4D‐TRANCE, MRA/vessel wall imaging sequence SNAP, and vessel wall imaging sequence T1‐weighted VISTA was performed in healthy volunteers and patients.ResultsiSNAP has whole‐brain coverage and takes ~6.5 min. The dedicated reconstruction strategies are feasible for each iSNAP image contrast and beneficial for image SNR. iSNAP‐dynamic MRA yields similar dynamic flow information as 4D‐TRANCE and allows more flexible temporal resolution. The 2 types of iSNAP static MRA images complement each other in characterizing both proximal large arteries and distal small arteries. Depiction of vessel wall lesions in iSNAP vessel wall images is better than SNAP and may be similar to T1‐weighted VISTA, although the images are slightly blurred.ConclusioniSNAP provides a time‐efficient evaluation of intracranial arteries and may have great potential for comprehensive assessment of intracranial vascular conditions using a single sequence.
Relayed nuclear Overhauser enhancement imaging with magnetization transfer contrast suppression at 3 T
Authors: Huang Jianpan , Han Xiongqi , Chen Lin , Xu Xiang , Xu Jiadi , Chan Kannie W. Y. 
Published: August 2020

PurposeTo develop a pulsed CEST magnetization‐transfer method for rapidly acquiring relayed nuclear Overhauser enhancement (rNOE)–weighted images with magnetic transfer contrast (MTC) suppression at clinical field strength (3 T).MethodsUsing a pulsed CEST magnetization‐transfer method with low saturation powers (B1) and long mixing time (tmix) to suppress contributions due to strong MTC from solid‐like macromolecules, a low B1also minimized direct water saturation. These MTC contributions were further reduced by subtracting the Z‐spectral signals at two or three offsets by assuming that the residual MTC is a linear function between −3.5 ppm and −12.5 ppm.ResultsPhantom studies of a lactic acid (Lac) solution mixed with cross‐linked bovine serum albumin show that strong MTC interference has a significant impact on the optimum B1for detecting rNOEs, due to lactate binding. The MTC could be effectively suppressed using a pulse train with a B1of 0.8 μT, a pulse duration (tp) of 40 ms, a tmixof 60 ms, and a pulse number (N) of 30, while rNOE signal was well maintained. As a proof of concept, we applied the method in mouse brain with injected hydrogel and a cell‐hydrogel phantom. Results showed that rNOE‐weighted images could provide good contrast between brain/cell and hydrogel.ConclusionThe developed pulsed CEST magnetization‐transfer method can achieve MTC suppression while preserving most of the rNOE signal at 3 T, which indicates the potential for translation of this technique to clinical applications related to mobile proteins/lipids change.
TURBINE‐MRE: A 3D hybrid radial‐Cartesian EPI acquisition for MR elastography
Authors: Sui Yi , Arani Arvin , Trzasko Joshua D. , Murphy Matthew C. , Rossman Phillip J. , Glaser Kevin J. , McGee Kiaran P. , Manduca Armando , Ehman Richard L. , Araoz Philip A. , Huston John 
Published: August 2020

PurposeTo develop a novel magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) acquisition using a hybrid radial EPI readout scheme (TURBINE), and to demonstrate its feasibility to obtain wave images and stiffness maps in a phantom and in vivo brain.MethodThe proposed 3D TURBINE‐MRE is based on a spoiled gradient‐echo MRE sequence with the EPI readout radially rotating about the phase‐encoding axis to sample a full 3D k‐space. A polyvinyl chloride phantom and 6 volunteers were scanned on a compact 3T GE scanner with a 32‐channel head coil at 80 Hz and 60 Hz external vibration, respectively. For comparison, a standard 2D, multislice, spin‐echo (SE) EPI‐MRE acquisition was also performed with the same motion encoding and resolution. The TURBINE‐MRE images were off‐line reconstructed with iterative SENSE algorithm. The regional ROI analysis was performed on the 6 volunteers, and the median stiffness values were compared between SE‐EPI‐MRE and TURBINE‐MRE.ResultsThe 3D wave‐field images and the generated stiffness maps were comparable between TURBINE‐MRE and standard SE‐EPI‐MRE for the phantom and the volunteers. The Bland–Altman plot showed no significant difference in the median regional stiffness values between the two methods. The stiffness measured with the 2 methods had a strong linear relationship with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.943.ConclusionWe demonstrated the feasibility of the new TURBINE‐MRE sequence for acquiring the desired 3D wave‐field data and stiffness maps in a phantom and in‐vivo brains. This pilot study encourages further exploration of TURBINE‐MRE for functional MRE, free‐breathing abdominal MRE, and cardiac MRE applications.
Geometric trigonometrically convexity and better approximations
Authors: Kadakal Mahir 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this manuscript, we introduce the concept of geometric trigonometrically convex functions. We obtain some refinements of the Hermite–Hadamard inequality for functions whose first derivative in absolute value is geometric trigonometrically convex. In addition, it has been proved that the results obtained with Hölder–İşcan and improved power‐mean integral inequalities give a better approach than Hölder and power‐mean inequalities.
The tooth of a giant sea creatureOtodus(Megaselachus) in the material culture of Neolithic maritime hunter‐gatherers at Sharbithat (Sultanate of Oman)
Authors: Charpentier Vincent , Adnet Sylvain , Cappetta Henri 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA mega‐tooth belonging to a Miocene fossil shark was discovered along the shores of the Arabian Sea inside one of the Neolithic domestic settlements at Sharbithat (SHA‐10) (Sultanate of Oman). Attributed to a representative of the extinct genusOtodus(Megaselachus), this tooth is the first ever discovered in the Arabian Peninsula. In the field, research permitted the localization and study, a few kilometres away, of the palaeontological deposit where this retrieval was made. The shark, traditionally extensively hunted on the shores of the Arabian Sea, is well attested in the region's Neolithic ichthyological assemblages. Moreover, during this period, some groups of seaborne hunters were specialized in this form of fishing, which was indeed quite dangerous. But why did an individual some 5,500 years ago collect this curio, an unusual fossil, but also one he could easily recognize? The fossils of large sharks sometimes played an important part in ancient societies. Could this also have been the case in South‐Eastern Arabia?
GRB7 is an oncogenic driver and potential therapeutic target in oesophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Gotovac Jovana R , Liu David SH , Yates Michael J , Milne Julia V , Macpherson Arthi A , Simpson Kaylene J , Eslick Guy D , Mitchell Catherine , Duong Cuong P , Phillips Wayne A , Clemons Nicholas J 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEfficacious therapeutic approaches are urgently needed to improve outcomes in patients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC). However, oncogenic drivers amenable to targeted therapy are limited and their functional characterisation is essential. Among few targeted therapies available, anti‐human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) therapy showed only modest benefit for patients with OAC. Herein, we investigated the potential oncogenic role of growth factor receptor bound protein 7 (GRB7), which is reported to be co‐amplified with HER2 (ERBB2) in OAC. GRB7 was highly expressed in 15% of OAC tumours, not all of which could be explained by co‐amplification with HER2, and was associated with a trend for poorer overall survival. Knockdown of GRB7 decreased proliferation and clonogenic survival, and induced apoptosis. Reverse phase protein array (RPPA) analyses revealed a role for PI3K, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), MAPK, and receptor tyrosine kinase signalling in the oncogenic action of GRB7. Furthermore, the GRB7 and HER2 high‐expressing OAC cell line Eso26 showed reduced cell proliferation upon GRB7 knockdown but was insensitive to HER2 inhibition by trastuzumab. Consistent with this, GRB7 knockdown in vivo with an inducible shRNA significantly inhibited tumour growth in cell line xenografts. HER2 expression did not predict sensitivity to trastuzumab, with Eso26 xenografts remaining refractory to trastuzumab treatment. Taken together, our study provides strong evidence for an oncogenic role for GRB7 in OAC and suggests that targeting GRB7 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for this cancer. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
MS diagnostic model and rapid distinguishing of bioactive limonoids in fruits of Melia toosendan using solid‐phase extraction coupled with LC–MS/MS
Authors: Cui Zhi‐Rong , Li Yi , Zhao Meng‐Ling , Xu Rong , Chen Meng‐Han , Li Shan , An Fa‐Liang , Zhang Pan‐Pan , Kong Ling‐Yi , Luo Jun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionMelia toosendan Sieb. et Zucc. has been used as a Chinese folk medicine for roundworm treatment since ancient times. Many diverse limonoids have been isolated from Meliaceae plants, but it remains difficult to isolate and identify other limonoids because of their small natural concentrations.ObjectiveThis study was performed to overcome the difficulties associated with fast and accurate identification of limonoids and establish a reliable and sensitive method for the analysis of minor limonoids in M. toosendan fruits.MethodsAn efficient strategy for enrichment, detection, and identification of minor limonoids from M. toosendan fruits using solid‐phase extraction with high‐performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (SPE‐HPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS) was developed herein.ResultsCharacteristic fragmentations and fragmentation ions containing trichilin‐, nimbin‐, and vilasinin‐class limonoid skeletons were initially studied, and characteristic diagnostic ions involved retro Diels‐Alder (RDA) reactions or homolytic cleavages, which were used to identify minor limonoids. In total, 13 limonoids, including four new ones, were identified.ConclusionThis is the first report on the analysis of M. toosendan fruits to identify limonoids. This novel analysis method may stimulate further research regarding the identification of limonoids in other plant species.
Characteristics of Acute Stroke Patients Readmitted to Inpatient Rehabilitation Facilities: A Cohort Study
Authors: Ifejika Nneka L. , Bhadane Minal , Cai Chunyan C. , Watkins Jeffrey N. , Grotta James C. 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundReducing acute care readmissions from inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs) is a healthcare reform goal. Stroke patients have higher acute readmission rates and persistent impairments, warranting second IRF hospitalization consideration.ObjectiveTo provide evidence‐based information to justify IRF readmission for patients with post‐stroke impairments.Main Outcome MeasureVariables that increase the likelihood of a second IRF hospitalization.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingSeven‐center rehabilitation network.ParticipantsStroke patients, readmitted to acute care, who returned or did not return to an in‐network IRF between 1 October 2014‐31 December 2017(n = 380).InterventionsUnivariable analyses (Returned/Did Not Return to IRF) described demographics, stroke type and risk factors. Between group differences in readmission causes, motor impairments and functional independence measure (FIM) scores were examined.Return to IRF logistic regression model included variables with P < .1. Odds ratio and 95% CI were calculated; Relative risk was calculated for categorical variables. P < .05 equaled statistical significance.ResultsOne hundred ninety‐two stroke patients returned to IRF, 188 did not. Returned to IRF patients were younger (60.6 vs. 66 years; P < .001), sustained hemorrhagic strokes (22.4 vs. 14.2%; P = .01), had lower cardiac disease prevalence (41.7 vs. 55.3%; P = .008) or non‐Medicare insurance (59.9 vs. 39.4%; P < .001). Did Not Return to IRF patients had higher admission and discharge motor and total FIM scores. Per point decrease in discharge FIM, second IRF hospitalization odds increased 4% (OR 1.04; 95% CI 1.01‐1.07; P = .02). Hemorrhagic stroke patients had 33% increased odds or a 15% higher relative risk of second IRF hospitalization than patients with ischemic stroke [OR 1.33; 95% CI 1.21‐1.47; RR 1.15; 95% CI 1.1‐1.2; P < .001]. Non‐Medicare insurance was associated with 39% increased odds or a 20% higher relative risk of second IRF hospitalization than Medicare [OR 1.39; 95% CI 1.01‐1.92; RR 1.2, 95% CI 1.006‐1.404; P = .04).ConclusionsHemorrhagic stroke, non‐Medicare insurance or lower discharge FIM score during the first IRF hospitalization predict a second IRF stay. Further work is needed to establish the validity of within IRF stay readmission measures.