bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An evaluation model of mechanical specific energy for conical PDC cutter based on fractal characteristics of rock cuttings
Authors: Li Xinlong , Shi Huaizhong , He Wenhao , Song Xianzhi , Xiong Chao , Shi Minghao , Li Dongwen , Li Yongxin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Due to high wear resistance and impact resistance, conical PDC cutter has become one of the most popular PDC cutters used in oil and gas drilling industries. However, theoretical analysis on the rock-breaking advantages of such a conical PDC cutter is still short. Thus, by combining a theoretical modeling with the validation of experimental data, this paper proposes to connect the force response and mechanical specific energy (MSE) to the fractal characteristics of cuttings dimensions by conical PDC cutter. The influences of cutting depth and cutting angle on fractal dimension, maximum rock cuttings size, cutting force, frictional force, and MSE are analyzed herein. The results indicate that fractal dimension of cutting size is profoundly affected by the cutting depth. Meanwhile, compared to the cutting angle, the cutting depth also exhibits larger power in determining the maximum size of rock cuttings. Given increasing cutting depth, the cutting force increases significantly, with increasing values of frictional forces at the same time. Moreover, the MSE values tend to decrease with increasing cutting depth and decreasing cutting angle. These findings help readers the rock-breaking performances of conical cutters and provide guidance on the hybrid-cutter layout method should be required in drilling deep hard formations.
Adolescent-like Processing of Behaviorally Salient Cues in Sensory and Prefrontal Cortices of Adult Preterm-Born Mice
Authors: Ribic Adema , McCoy Emily , Pendala Vyshnavi , Fariborzi Mona , Demir Lara , Buell Olivia , Fedde Samuel , Stinger Jacqueline , Elbaum Luciano , Holsworth Troy , Awude Philip Amenyo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Preterm birth is a leading risk factor for atypicalities in cognitive and sensory processing, but it is unclear how prematurity impacts circuits that support these functions. To address this, we trained adult mice born a day early (preterm mice) on a visual discrimination task and found that they commit more errors and fail to achieve high levels of performance. Using in vivo electrophysiology, we found that the neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) and the V1-projecting prefrontal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) are hyper-responsive to the reward, reminiscent of cue processing in adolescence. Moreover, the non-rewarded cue fails to robustly activate the V1 and V1-projecting ACC neurons during error trials, in contrast to prefrontal fast-spiking (FS) interneurons which show elevated error-related activity, suggesting that preterm birth impairs the function of prefrontal circuits for error monitoring. Finally, environmental enrichment, a well-established paradigm that promotes sensory maturation, failed to improve the performance of preterm mice, suggesting limited capacity of early interventions for reducing the risk of cognitive deficits after preterm birth. Altogether, our study for the first time identifies potential circuit mechanisms of cognitive atypicalities in the preterm population and highlights the vulnerability of prefrontal circuits to advanced onset of extrauterine experience.
Comparison of Targeted Therapy Efficacy in HER2-Positive Versus HER2-Negative Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: QUENTIN WOLASSE MANFOUO WILFRED 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

HER2 status is an important therapeutic and prognostic biomarker in the molecularly heterogeneous disease of breast cancer. HER2-targeted therapies such as trastuzumab, pertuzumab and trastuzumab deruxtecan have transformed survival outcomes for HER2-positive breast cancers, which account for 15–20% of cases. Similarly, HER2-negative breast cancers do not have HER2 as a potential therapeutic target and generally rely on other approaches (e.g. hormone receptor modulation, CDK4/6 inhibitors, PARP inhibitors) to exert control over tumor growth. Methods: A systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis for randomized controlled trials comparing HER2-positive versus HER2-negative breast cancer in patients receiving targeted therapy, assessing key endpoints such as PFS, OS and quality of life. A systematic review of clinical trials between 2013 and 2023 was performed that included studies assessing targeted therapy effects in either subgroup. Results of these studies showed that HER2-positive patients should benefit more in terms of survival and response from specific HER2-targeted therapies, compared to less specific agents used in the HER2-negative patient population. Still, challenges remain with resistance mechanisms and therapy availability. HER2-negative cancers, particularly triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), represent indications of high unmet therapeutic need. The comparison illustrates the importance of HER2 as a predictive biomarker, as well as the necessity for further advancement in precision medicine. As these drugs continue into clinical practice, future investigations aiming to overcome HER2-positive disease resistance to these agents, as well as trying to identify viable targets for HER2-negative cancer, will be critical to achieving similar therapeutic outcomes across these two cancer subtypes.
Scaling out community conservation initiatives: experts identify economic and social benefits, compatibility with needs and external support as key
Authors: Mills Morena , Touchon Marie V. , Denis Elisa , Milligan Sarah , Zuffetti Yasmeen , Ahmad Zara , Husain Zoya , Shrestha Sushma , Gelcich Stefan , Lendelvo Selma , Pathak Bharati , Tawake Alifereti , Mascia Michael B. , Ralaimihoatra Solofo Nandrianina , Pienkowski Thomas , Clark Matthew , Jagadish Arundhati 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Community-based natural resource management is a common strategy for conserving biodiversity, but little is known about how such initiatives can scale appropriately and widely. We interviewed 80 experts across 5 widely adopted community-based initiatives (in Chile, Nepal, Namibia, Madagascar and Fiji) to understand their perspectives on the drivers of adoption and spread. We used General Elimination Methodology and Diffusion of Innovation theory to identify and rule out possible explanations. Factors consistently considered influential were economic and social benefits; compatibility with needs; support and facilitation by extension agencies; and the presence of international organisations. Initiatives aiming to scale should be designed to be flexible and aligned with adopters’ needs and external organisations should coordinate resources for scaling out. Dependence on external support underscores the need for quality assistance, good practices by external actors, and understanding power relations and fairness, as well as the need to temper donor and policy expectations of scaling beyond supported and appropriate sites.
Classically studied coherent structures only paint a partial picture of wall-bounded turbulence
Authors: Vinuesa Ricardo , Cremades Andres , Hoyas Sergio 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

For the last 140 years, the mechanisms of transport and dissipation of energy
in a turbulent flow have not been completely understood due to the complexity
of this phenomenon. The dissipation of energy due to turbulence is significative,
and understanding turbulence physics is crucial for fighting the present climate
emergency. Previous research has focused on analyzing the so-called coherent
structures of the flow (Q events, streaks, and vortices), which are regions of high
turbulence transport, high/low streamwise fluctuation, and rotation, respectively.
However, the connection between these classically studied structures and the
flow development is still uncertain. In a previous analysis, the importance of the
different Q events was quantified through a data-driven methodology, showing
that the calculated importance did not perfectly agree with the definition of the
structures. To fill this gap, here we show a data-driven methodology for objectively
identifying high-importance regions in a turbulent flow. A deep-learning
model is trained to predict a future state of a turbulent channel flow and the
gradient-SHAP explainability algorithm is used to calculate the importance of
each grid point for such a prediction. Finally, high-importance regions are computed
using the SHAP data, analyzing and comparing their characteristics with
those of the other coherent structures. The SHAP analysis provides an objective
way to identify the regions of highest importance in the turbulent flow, which
exhibit different levels of agreement with the classically studied structures.
Demographic status and activity patterns of the Endangered Togean Islands babirusa: a contribution towards evaluating its conservation status
Authors: Jati Agus Sudibyo , Broto Bayu Wisnu , Rode-White Johanna , Markolf Matthias , Mortelliti Alessio 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The Togean Islands babirusa (Babyrousa togeanensis) is an Endangered wild pig species endemic to the Togean Archipelago, Indonesia. Despite its conservation status, our knowledge of the species is limited, which hampers conservation efforts. We here report the results of an island-wide camera trapping study, assessing the species’ demographic status and activity patterns. We sampled 103 camera stations distributed throughout the entire range of the species from July-October 2022. Through N-mixture modeling, we estimated the babirusa’s population size as 440 adult individuals (CI: 340–580), with a sex ratio of 1:2.3. The male babirusas were mostly solitary, but females were typically part of a group dominated by juveniles. Using multistate occupancy modeling, we also found the probability of reproductive babirusas being present in an occupied site was 0.74 ± SD 0.11, and the probability was higher with increasing distance to human settlement. Despite high human activities, the babirusa remained diurnal, with activities concentrated in the early morning and late afternoon. We suggest the IUCN Red List status of the Togean Islands babirusa should remain Endangered or shifted to Critically Endangered if the risk from potential African Swine Fever outbreak is considered.
Pedagogical strategy of teaching-learning projectile throwing in third year baccalaureate students of the “Santa Rita Educational Unit”
Authors: Tuárez-Zambrano Nicolle Jamileth , Cevallos-Muñoz Fabricio Alfredo , Mendoza-Quintero Josué Eduardo 
Published: December 2024

A pedagogical strategy is presented for teaching projectile launching to third-year high school students at the Santa Rita Educational Unit. It is focused on teaching concepts such as parabolic trajectory, initial velocity and launch angle, which are fundamental. to understand the motion of projectiles in physics. To facilitate this learning, the PhET interactive simulator was used, which allowed students to manipulate different variables and observe how these affect the behavior of the projectiles in real time. The methodology was implemented in three phases: a theoretical introduction to the key concepts, an interactive experimentation phase with the PhET simulator, and an evaluation based on theoretical and practical tests. In addition, this pedagogical strategy seeks to promote active and participatory learning, where Students become protagonists of their own learning process, exploring and discovering the effects of changes in launch parameters. The result was the evaluation of the students, which was carried out through tests that combined theoretical questions about the principles of projectile movement and practical exercises that required them to apply what they learned in simulations.
Implementing Diabetes Distress Screening in a Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic Using a Digital Health Platform: Quantitative Secondary Data Analysis
Authors: Kahhan Nicole A , Fox Larry A , Benson Matthew , Patton Susana R 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) management requires following a complex and constant regimen relying on child or caregiver behaviors, skills, and knowledge. Psychological factors such as diabetes distress (DD), depression, and burnout are pertinent considerations in the treatment of pediatric T1D. Approximately 40% of youth and 61% of caregivers experience DD. Implementation of DD screening as part of clinical best practice is recommended and may facilitate treatment referral, perhaps leading to improved health or well-being for youth with T1D and their caregivers. By building on existing institutional infrastructure when available, screening via digital health platforms (applications, or “apps”) may allow for timely screening of, and response to, DD.

Objective
This work details the creation, implementation, and refinement of a process to screen for DD in youth and their caregivers in the context of routine T1D care using a digital health platform.

Methods
DD screening was implemented in an outpatient endocrinology clinic over 1 year as part of a larger screen-to-treat trial for children aged 8‐12.99 years and their caregivers. Validated measures were sent via digital health platform to be completed prior to the clinic visit. Results were initially reviewed manually, but a digital best practice alert (BPA) was later built to notify staff of elevated scores. Families experiencing DD received resources sent via the digital health platform. For this secondary analysis, child demographics and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were collected.

Results
During the screening period, absolute completion rates were 36.78% and 38.83%, with adjusted screening rates at 52.02% and 54.48%, for children and caregivers, respectively. A total of 21 children (mean HbA1c 8.04%, SD 1.39%) and 26 caregivers (child mean HbA1c 8.04%, SD 1.72%) reported elevated DD. Prior to BPA development, resources were sent to all but 1 family. After BPA implementation, all families were sent resources.

Conclusions
Early findings indicate that DD education, screening, and response can be integrated via digital platforms in a freestanding outpatient endocrinology clinic, thereby facilitating timely treatment referral and provision of resources for those identified with distress. Notably, in the observed 1-year screening period, screening rates were low, and barriers to implementation were identified. While some implementation challenges were iteratively addressed, there is a need for future quality improvement initiatives to improve screening rates and the identification of, or response to, DD in our pediatric patients and their families.
The Commentary and Analysis of English Translation of Changsheng Mijue in A Description of the Empire of China and Chinese Tartary
Authors: Le Qiu 
Published: December 2024

The Cave English translation version of A Description of the Empire of China and Chinese Tartary, one of the "three major masterworks" of European sinology, involves the content of traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), the final section of which is a reorganized and abridged translation of Changsheng Mijue (The Secrets of Longevity) written by Shi Chengjin of the Qing dynasty. Through the discussion of original text and main content of this abridged English translation version, as well as an in-depth analysis of the characteristics and methods represented by the annotation translation, which is highlighted in this essay, it is suggested that the acceptance and understanding of the audience should be regarded as the fundamental criteria, various translation methods and strategies should be flexibly adopted, and the training of talents with compound cross-cultural skills and the promotion and practice of Sino-Western cross-cultural cooperative and exchange models should be continuously strengthened, so that more and more excellent ancient books of TCM can be boosted to spread overseas.
Simulācijas hipotēze – vai to var teoloģizēt?
Authors: Titāns Normunds 
Published: December 2024

Šis raksts vispirms iepazīstina lasītāju ar t. s. simulācijas hipotēzi. Saskaņā ar šo hipotēzi mēs, mūsu pasaule un universs pastāv datorsimulācijā, kuru darbina ārkārtīgi augsti attīstītas civilizācijas pārstāvji, kas ir vai nu mūsu pēcteči, vai arī attīstījušies neatkarīgi no mums citviet universā. Pēc tam simulācijas hipotēzes kontekstā tiek interpretētas vairākas tradicionālas teoloģijas tēmas: 1) Dieva koncepcija, ieskaitot dievišķos atribūtus, piedāvājot naturālistisku alternatīvu pārdabiskai pieejai; 2) teistiskie argumenti – kosmoloģiskais arguments un teleoloģiskais jeb nolūka (design) arguments; 3) ļaunuma problēmas jeb teodicejas risinājumi; 4) cilvēka un Dieva divpusējā komunikācija, ieskaitot atklāsmes, brīnumu un lūgšanas jautājumus; un 5) eshatoloģija un cilvēka pēcnāves transformācija. Asociācijas ar simulācijas hipotēzi tiks rastas ne tikai ar heterodoksām interpretācijām. Tiks arī demonstrēts, ka izvēlētajās teoloģijas tēmās arī ortodoksāls teists var saskaņot savas ticības pārliecības ar simulācijas hipotēzi. Lieki piebilst, ka autors neuzskata simulācijas hipotēzi un no tās izrietošās teoloģiskās interpretācijas par ontoloģiski patiesām, bet tikai spēlējas ar idejām, domu eksperimentiem un loģiskām iespējām, kā tas ierasts analītiskajā reliģijas filozofijā. Netiek piedāvāta metafiziska teoloģija, kurai jātic, bet drīzāk konstruktīva, eksperimentāla teoloģija, piemērojot teoloģisko domu aktuālām teorijām un domāšanas trendiem, šinī gadījumā simulācijas hipotēzei.
Own Experience in the Use of Artificial Intelligence Technologies in the Diagnosis of Esophageal Achalasia
Authors: Storonova O. A. , Kanevskii N. I. , Trukhmanov A. S. , Ivashkin V. T. 
Published: December 2024

Aim: to demonstrate an artificial intelligence model that optimises the differential diagnosis of achalasia.Material and methods. The study included 75 patients: 52 % men (mean age 44.5 ± 17.8 years) and 48 % women (mean age 45.6 ± 16.6 years,) with a preliminary diagnosis of achalasia. Patients were divided into four groups: type I, II, III achalasia and a group of patients whose results did not correspond to a diagnosis of achalasia according to HRM performed based on Chicago Classification version 4.0. On the basis of a set of data from 750 swallows and therefore 6750 manometric parameters, the artificial intelligence models DecisionTreeClassifier, RandomForestClassifier and CatBoostClassifier have been trained to provide a manometric diagnosis. The comparison criteria were the training time and the f1_score metric. The technical characteristics of the model (hyperparameters) were selected using the GridSearchCV method. The model with the best results was integrated into a web application.Results. The RandomForestClassifier was chosen as the best performing model to compare. Its technical characteristics were “decision trees” and branching depth the number of which was 14 and 5 respectively. With a maximum possible value of 1.0, these hyperparameters achieved f1_score=0.91 in 27 seconds. The web application, developed on the basis of this model, is capable of analyzing manometric data and establishing one of three types of achalasia in patients. Alternatively, it can exclude the diagnosis of achalasia. The output of an image corresponding to the diagnosis is produced for each manometric type of the disease.Conclusions. For the first time in Russia, a machine learning model based on high-resolution esophageal manometry data was developed at the V. Kh. Vasilenko Clinic of Internal Disease Propedeutics, Gastroenterology, and Hepatology of Sechenov University. The model has been applied to the creation of a web application which has the ability to substantiate the manometry diagnosis of patients. The Federal Service for Intellectual Property (Rospatent) issued a certificate of state registration of the computer program No. 2024665795 dated July 5, 2024. This artificial intelligence programme can be used in clinical practice as a medical decision support tool to optimize the process of differential diagnosis of achalasia and early detection of the disease, to determine the patient's prognosis and to select the method of further treatment.
Comunicación pública de la ciencia como herramienta para la conservación del patrimonio natural en el Refugio de Vida Silvestre Caño Negro, Alajuela, Costa Rica
Authors: Marco Antonio Díaz Segura  , Yesenia López García  
Published: December 2024

La presente investigación corresponde a un enfoque de tipo mixto. Se llevó a cabo en el Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Mixto Caño Negro (RNVSMCN), área de protección de humedales y especies silvestres en Alajuela, Costa Rica (10°52‘37“N 84°45‘47“O). La metodología consistió en recorridos en zonas terrestres y acuáticas del refugio. El muestreo se efectuó mediante observación in situ y se tomaron fotografías como recursos de flora y fauna, selección de elementos focales y diseño de material gráfico. Los sujetos participantes en el estudio fueron los funcionarios del RNVSMCN. El sondeo social correspondió a entrevistas semiestructuradas, panel de expertos y grupo focal; la selección de audiencia meta se basó en las estadísticas de visitación RRSS. Se obtuvieron 192 productos visuales en la categoría de educación informal (para ser distribuidos en las plataformas de Facebook e Instagram) reunidos en un compendio visual denominado Calendarios de Contenido Plataformas Sociales. El objetivo principal de esta propuesta fue la divulgación científica en redes sociales del patrimonio natural del RNVSMCN, por medio de afiches visuales con fotografías originales, para fomentar la educación en temática ambiental enfocada en adultos jóvenes (18-35 años) no especializados en temas biológicos, con el fin de promover la conservación del ecosistema y la biodiversidad presente en el refugio.
Improving Human Resources in The Package C Equality Program Through Digital Skill Training at PKBM Permata Bangsa Surabaya
Authors: Raheny Ifa Budi , Atmadja J.A I Ketut , Nugroho Rivo 
Published: December 2024

This research aims to explore how the Digital Skills Training Program at PKBM Permata Bangsa Surabaya improves the digital skills of Package C Equality Program students. The research method used is a qualitative approach, with data collection techniques including participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. The research results showed that out of a total of 100 training participants, 70% succeeded in obtaining a certificate after attending training regularly, while the remaining 30% were unable to participate in training consistently. The training material presented includes Problems and Innovation, Digital Literacy, Content Creation, Social Media, Digital Marketing, and Web Application Creation. However, there are still obstacles to participation, especially those related to busy work and a lack of support from participants' parents. However, the participants' enthusiasm after the training remained high, especially in applying the skills they learned. Thus, this research provides valuable insight intothe role of digital skills training in improving human resources in the digital era. Keyword: Pelatihan Digital Skill, Program Kesetaraan, PKBM Permata Bangsa, Keterampilan Digital, Pendidikan Non-Formal