bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controls on the 14C Content of Dissolved and Particulate Organic Carbon Mobilized Across the Mackenzie River Basin, Canada
Authors: Campeau A. , Soerensen A. L. , Martma T. , Åkerblom S. , Zdanowicz C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Mackenzie River Basin (MRB) delivers large quantities of organic carbon (OC) into the Arctic Ocean, with significant implications for the global C budgets and ocean biogeochemistry. The amount and properties of OC in the Mackenzie River's delta have been well monitored in the last decade, but the spatial variability in OC sources transported by its different tributaries is still unclear. Here we present new data on the radiocarbon (14C) content of dissolved and particulate OC (Δ14C‐DOC and Δ14C‐POC) across the mainstem and major tributaries of the MRB, comprising 19 different locations, to identify factors controlling spatial patterns in riverine OC sources. The Δ14C‐DOC and Δ14C‐POC varied across a large range, from −179.9‰ to 62.9‰, and −728.8‰ to −9.0‰, respectively. Our data reveal a positive spatial coupling between the Δ14C of DOC and POC across the MRB, whereby the most 14C‐depleted waters were issued from the mountainous west bank of the MRB. This 14C‐depleted DOC and POC likely originates from a combination of petrogenic sources, connected with the presence of kerogens in the bedrock, and biogenic sources, mobilized by thawing permafrost. Our analysis also reveals intriguing relationships between Δ14C of DOC and POC with turbidity, water stable isotope ratio and catchment elevation, indicating that hydrology and geomorphology are key to understanding riverine OC sources in this landscape. A closer examination of the specific mechanisms giving rise to these relationships is recommended. For now, this study provides a road map of the key OC sources in this rapidly changing river basin.
Provenance and Weathering of Clays Delivered to the Bay of Bengal During the Middle Miocene: Linkages to Tectonics and Monsoonal Climate
Authors: Bretschneider Lisa , Hathorne Ed C. , Huang Huang , Lübbers Julia , Kochhann Karlos G. D. , Holbourn Ann , Kuhnt Wolfgang , Thiede Rasmus , Gebregiorgis Daniel , Giosan Liviu , Frank Martin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTectonics and regional monsoon strength control weathering and erosion regimes of the watersheds feeding into the Bay of Bengal, which are important contributors to global climate evolution via carbon cycle feedbacks. The detailed mechanisms controlling the input of terrigenous clay to the Bay of Bengal on tectonic to orbital timescales are, however, not yet well understood. We produced orbital‐scale resolution geochemical records for International Ocean Discovery Program Site U1443 (southern Bay of Bengal) across five key climatic intervals of the middle to late Miocene (15.8–9.5 Ma). Our new radiogenic Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope time series of clays transported to the Ninetyeast Ridge suggest that the individual contributions from different erosional sources overall remained remarkably consistent during the Miocene despite major tectonic reorganizations in the Himalayas. On orbital timescales, however, high‐resolution data from the five investigated intervals show marked fluctuations of all three isotope systems. Interestingly, the variability was much higher within the Miocene Climatic Optimum (around 16–15 Ma) and across the major global cooling (~13.9–13.8 Ma) until ~13.5 Ma, than during younger time intervals. This change is attributed to a major restriction on the supply of High Himalayan erosion products due to migration of the peak precipitation area toward the frontal domains of the Himalayas and the Indo‐Burman Ranges. The transient excursions of the radiogenic isotope signals on orbital timescales most likely reflect climatically driven shifts in monsoon strength.
Contributions of Triassic Tectonism to Build the Northern Tibetan Plateau: Insights From Tectonic Evolution of the Jinhongshan Range, Central Altyn Tagh Fault System
Authors: Li Jianhua , Zhao Guochun , Johnston Stephen T. , Dong Shuwen , Zhang Yueqiao , Liu Qian , Wu Yu , Yang Hang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractClarifying the contributions of pre‐Cenozoic and especially the Mesozoic tectonism to build crustal architecture of the Tibetan plateau is important, especially for evaluating the role of Cenozoic Indo‐Asian collision in creating the present‐day plateau. However, how the Mesozoic tectonism evolved and its influence on the Cenozoic strain distribution remain enigmatic. We provide constraints on these issues by reporting evidence of Triassic (232–223 Ma) and Eocene crustal shortening in the Jinhongshan range of North Tibet, based on coupled structural, zircon U‐Pb, and40Ar/39Ar studies. Triassic shortening was accomplished by two stages manifested as top‐SSE thrust shear (D1) followed by sinistral oblique shear along the ENE trending Jinhongshan shear zone and tight folding (D2), related to ~NNE‐SSW transpression under greenschist‐ to amphibolite‐facies conditions. Such shortening occurred coevally with regional‐scale magmatism, cooling, and exhumation, indicating significant Mesozoic tectonism capable of generating thickened crust and high elevation of North Tibet. We attributed the shortening to far‐field stress effects of terrane collisions between Kunlun and Qiangtang, in which the comparable Jinhongshan and Dangjin shear zones might have formed a continuous, high‐strain zone accommodating relative motion between Tarim and Kunlun‐Qaidam. Eocene shortening (D3) is documented by ENE trending open folds and thrusts, kinematically compatible with left‐lateral activity along the Cenozoic Altyn Tagh fault system. The Triassic Jinhongshan‐Dangjin zone shows a spatial consistency with the Cenozoic Altyn Tagh fault system, implying that at least some segments of this Cenozoic fault system follow more ancient structures. Such evidence reinforces a decisive role of the Triassic tectonic discontinuity in localizing Cenozoic deformation.
Transplant characteristics and self-reported pulmonary outcomes in Swiss childhood cancer survivors after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation—a cohort study
Authors:   for the Swiss Pediatric Oncology Group (SPOG), Otth Maria , Schindera Christina , Güngör Tayfun , Ansari Marc , Scheinemann Katrin , Belle Fabiën N. , Latzin Philipp , von der Weid Nicolas , Kuehni Claudia E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChildhood cancer survivors treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are at high risk for pulmonary morbidity and mortality. In this retrospective study we described transplant characteristics of pediatric patients who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in Switzerland and how these characteristics changed over time, compared self-reported pulmonary outcomes between transplanted and non-transplanted survivors, and investigated risk factors for the reported pulmonary outcomes. As part of the population-based Swiss Childhood Cancer Survivor Study, we sent questionnaires to all ≥5-year childhood cancer survivors diagnosed 1976–2010 at age ≤20 years. We included 132 transplanted survivors and 368 matched non-transplanted survivors. During the study period transplant characteristics changed, with decreasing use of total body irradiation and increased use of peripheral blood stem cells and mismatched and unrelated donors as transplant source. One-fifth of transplanted survivors (20%, 95%CI 13–27%) and 18% of non-transplanted survivors (95%CI 13–21%) reported at least one pulmonary outcome. None of the analyzed factors was significantly associated with an increased risk of pulmonary outcomes in multivariable analysis. We found that pulmonary outcomes were frequently reported in transplanted and non-transplanted childhood cancer survivors, indicating a strong need for long-term pulmonary follow-up care.
Targeting the NCOA3-SP1-TERT axis for tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Wenbin , Yan Yue , Zheng Zongheng , Zhu Qiaohua , Long Qian , Sui Silei , Luo Meihua , Chen Miao , Li Yizhuo , Hua Yijun , Deng Wuguo , Lai Renchun , Li Liren 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high mortality rate and lacks an effective therapeutic target. Elevated expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is an important hallmark in cancers, but the mechanism by which TERT is activated differentially in cancers is poorly understood. Here, we have identified nuclear receptor coactivator-3 (NCOA3) as a new modulator of TERT expression and tumor growth in HCC. NACO3 specifically binds to the TERT promoter at the -234 to -144 region and transcriptionally activates TERT expression. NCOA3 promotes HCC cell growth and tumor progression in vitro and in vivo through upregulating the TERT signaling. Knockdown of NACO3 suppresses HCC cell viability and colony formation, whereas TERT overexpression rescues this suppression. NCOA3 interacts with and recruits SP1 binding on the TERT promoter. Knockdown of NCOA3 also inhibits the expression of the Wnt signaling-related genes but has no effect on the Notch signaling-targeting genes. Moreover, NCOA3 is positively correlated with TERT expression in HCC tumor tissues, and high expression of both NCOA3 and TERT predicts a poor prognosis in HCC patients. Our findings indicate that targeting the NCOA3-SP1-TERT signaling axis may benefit HCC patients.
SARS-CoV-2 infection: can ferroptosis be a potential treatment target for multiple organ involvement?
Authors: Yang Ming , Lai Ching Lung 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSince the outbreak of the new coronavirus in 2019 (SARS-CoV-2), many studies have been performed to better understand the basic mechanisms and clinical features of the disease. However, uncertainties of the underlying mechanisms of multiple organ involvement remain. A substantial proportion of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have lymphopenia, low serum iron levels, and multiple organ involvement. Several therapeutic agents have been used for different stages of the disease, but the treatment for severe disease is still suboptimal. Understanding the mechanism of programmed cell death in COVID-19 may lead to better therapeutic strategies for these patients. On the basis of observations of basic science studies and clinical researches on COVID-19, we hypothesize that ferroptosis, a novel programmed cell death, may be an important cause of multiple organ involvement in COVID-19 and it might serve as a new treatment target. In spite of the existing findings on the involvement of ferroptosis in SARS-CoV-2 infection, there is no reported study to uncover how does ferroptosis acts in SARS-CoV-2 infection yet. Uncovering the role of ferroptosis in SARS-CoV-2 infection is essential to develop new treatment strategies for COVID-19. Intracellular cell iron depletion or new generation of ferroptosis inhibitors might be potential drug candidates for COVID-19. We hope this hypothesis may launch a new wave of studies to uncover the association of ferroptosis and SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and in vivo.
Efficacy and safety of once-monthly Risperidone ISM® in schizophrenic patients with an acute exacerbation
Authors: Correll Christoph U. , Litman Robert E. , Filts Yuriy , Llaudó Jordi , Naber Dieter , Torres Ferran , Martínez Javier 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of Risperidone ISM® against placebo in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted between June 2017 and December 2018 (NCT03160521). Eligible patients received once-monthly intramuscular injections of Risperidone ISM® (75 or 100 mg) or placebo for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy outcome was change in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score from baseline to week 12. The key secondary efficacy outcome was change from baseline in Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness scale (CGI-S) score. Altogether, 438 patients were randomized (1:1:1) and 390 included in the modified ITT efficacy set. The PANSS total score (mean difference, 95% CI) improved significantly from baseline to day 85 with Risperidone ISM® 75 and 100 mg, with placebo-adjusted differences of −13.0 (95% CI, −17.3 to −8.8); (p < 0.0001), and −13.3 (−17.6 to −8.9); (p < 0.0001), respectively. Significantly improved mean changes were also obtained for CGI-S score from baseline to day 85 for both doses of Risperidone ISM® compared with placebo −0.7 (−1.0 to −0.5); p < 0.0001, for both doses. The statistically significant improvement for both efficacy outcomes were observed as early as 8 days after first injection. The most frequently reported treatment-emergent adverse events were increased blood prolactin (7.8%), headache (7.3%), hyperprolactinemia (5%), and weight increase (4.8%). Neither new nor unexpected relevant safety information was recorded. Risperidone ISM® provided rapid and progressive reduction of symptoms in patients with acutely exacerbated schizophrenia without need of oral risperidone supplementation or loading doses. Both doses were safe and well tolerated.
VolcaNoseR is a web app for creating, exploring, labeling and sharing volcano plots
Authors: Goedhart Joachim , Luijsterburg Martijn S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractComparative genome- and proteome-wide screens yield large amounts of data. To efficiently present such datasets and to simplify the identification of hits, the results are often presented in a type of scatterplot known as a volcano plot, which shows a measure of effect size versus a measure of significance. The data points with the largest effect size and a statistical significance beyond a user-defined threshold are considered as hits. Such hits are usually annotated in the plot by a label with their name. Volcano plots can represent ten thousands of data points, of which typically only a handful is annotated. The information of data that is not annotated is hardly or not accessible. To simplify access to the data and enable its re-use, we have developed an open source and online web tool with R/Shiny. The web app is named VolcaNoseR and it can be used to create, explore, label and share volcano plots (https://huygens.science.uva.nl/VolcaNoseR). When the data is stored in an online data repository, the web app can retrieve that data together with user-defined settings to generate a customized, interactive volcano plot. Users can interact with the data, adjust the plot and share their modified plot together with the underlying data. Therefore, VolcaNoseR increases the transparency and re-use of large comparative genome- and proteome-wide datasets.
Expression profiling of MADS-box gene family revealed its role in vegetative development and stem ripening in S. spontaneum
Authors: Fatima Mahpara , Zhang Xiaodan , Lin Jishan , Zhou Ping , Zhou Dong , Ming Ray 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSugarcane is the most important sugar and biofuel crop. MADS-box genes encode transcription factors that are involved in developmental control and signal transduction in plants. Systematic analyses of MADS-box genes have been reported in many plant species, but its identification and characterization were not possible until a reference genome of autotetraploid wild type sugarcane specie, Saccharum spontaneum is available recently. We identified 182 MADS-box sequences in the S. spontaneum genome, which were annotated into 63 genes, including 6 (9.5%) genes with four alleles, 21 (33.3%) with three, 29 (46%) with two, 7 (11.1%) with one allele. Paralogs (tandem duplication and disperse duplicated) were also identified and characterized. These MADS-box genes were divided into two groups; Type-I (21 Mα, 4 Mβ, 4 Mγ) and Type-II (32 MIKCc, 2 MIKC*) through phylogenetic analysis with orthologs in Arabidopsis and sorghum. Structural diversity and distribution of motifs were studied in detail. Chromosomal localizations revealed that S. spontaneum MADS-box genes were randomly distributed across eight homologous chromosome groups. The expression profiles of these MADS-box genes were analyzed in leaves, roots, stem sections and after hormones treatment. Important alleles based on promoter analysis and expression variations were dissected. qRT-PCR analysis was performed to verify the expression pattern of pivotal S. spontaneum MADS-box genes and suggested that flower timing genes (SOC1 and SVP) may regulate vegetative development.
The relationship between maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy in women with gestational diabetes mellitus and infant appetitive feeding behaviour at 6 months
Authors: Amissah Emma , Gamble Gregory D. , Wall Clare R. , Crowther Caroline A. , Harding Jane E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEarly dietary exposure may influence infant appetitive feeding behaviour, and therefore their later health. Maternal diabetes in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of obesity in the offspring. We, therefore, examined third-trimester dietary patterns of women with gestational diabetes, their offspring’s appetitive feeding behaviour at 6 months of age, and relationships between these. We used data from a prospective cohort of women with gestational diabetes and assessed maternal dietary patterns at 36 weeks’ gestation using principal component analysis; infant appetitive feeding behaviour at 6 months of age using the Baby Eating Behaviour Questionnaire; and relationships between these using general linear modelling and chi-square tests. In 325 mother-infant dyads, we identified three distinct maternal dietary patterns: ‘Junk,’ ‘Mixed,’ and ‘Health-conscious.’ The maternal ‘Health-conscious’ pattern was inversely associated with ‘enjoyment of food’ in their sons (β − 0.24, 95% CI − 0.36 to − 0.11, p = 0.0003), but not daughters (β − 0.02, 95% CI − 0.12 to 0.08, p = 0.70), and was positively associated with ‘slowness in eating,’ (β 0.13, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.24, p = 0.01). Third-trimester dietary patterns in women with gestational diabetes may have sex-specific effects on infant appetitive feeding behaviour at 6 months of age.
Molecular-scale origins of wettability at petroleum–brine–carbonate interfaces
Authors: Fenter Paul , Qin Tianzhu , Lee Sang Soo , AlOtaibi Mohammed B. , Ayirala Subhash , Yousef Ali A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWettability control of carbonates is a central concept for enhanced petroleum recovery, but a mechanistic understanding of the associated molecular-scale chemical processes remains unclear. We directly probe the interface of calcium carbonate (calcite) with natural petroleum oil, synthetic petroleum analogues, and aqueous brines to understand the molecular scale behavior at this interface. The calcite–petroleum interface structure is similar whether or not calcite was previously exposed to an aqueous brine, and is characterized by an adsorbed interfacial layer, significant structural changes within the calcite surface, and increased surface roughness. No evidence for an often-assumed thin-brine wetting layer at the calcite–petroleum interface is observed. These features differ from those observed at the calcite–brine interface, and for parallel measurements using model synthetic petroleum mixtures (consisting of representative components, including dodecane, toluene, and asphaltene). Changes to the interface after petroleum displacement by aqueous brines are also discussed.
Transcriptome divergence between developmental senescence and premature senescence in Nicotiana tabacum L.
Authors: Zhao Zhe , Zhang Jia-Wen , Lu Shao-Hao , Zhang Hong , Liu Fang , Fu Bo , Zhao Ming-Qin , Liu Hui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSenescence is a degenerative process triggered by intricate and coordinated regulatory networks, and the mechanisms of age-dependent senescence and stress-induced premature senescence still remain largely elusive. Thus we selected leaf samples of developmental senescence (DS) and premature senescence (PS) to reveal the regulatory divergence. Senescent leaves were confirmed by yellowing symptom and physiological measurement. A total of 1171 and 309 genes (DEGs) were significantly expressed respectively in the whole process of DS and PS. Up-regulated DEGs in PS were mostly related to ion transport, while the down-regulated DEGs were mainly associated with oxidoreductase activity and sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis. In DS, photosynthesis, precursor metabolites and energy, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, flavonoid biosynthesis were notable. Moreover, we found the vital pathways shared by DS and PS, of which the DEGs were analyzed further via protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis to explore the alteration responding to two types of senescence. In addition, plant hormone transduction pathway was mapped by related DEGs, suggesting that ABA and ethylene signaling played pivotal roles in formulating the distinction of DS and PS. Finally, we conducted a model containing oxidative stress and ABA signaling as two hub points, which highlighted the major difference and predicted the possible mechanism under DS and PS. This work gained new insight into molecular divergence of developmental senescence and premature senescence and would provide reference on potential mechanism initiating and motivating senescence for further study.
Long-term outcomes following vehicle trauma related acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy: a nationwide population study
Authors: Chan Chieh-Kai , Chi Chun-Yi , Lai Tai-Shuan , Huang Tao-Min , Chou Nai-Kuan , Huang Yi-Ping , Prowle John R. , Wu Vin-Cent , Chen Yung-Ming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of traumatic injury; however, long-term outcomes such as mortality and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) have been rarely reported in this important patient population. We compared the long-term outcome of vehicle-traumatic and non-traumatic AKI requiring renal replacement therapy (AKI-RRT). This nationwide cohort study used data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Vehicle-trauma patients who were suffered from vehicle accidents developing AKI-RRT during hospitalization were identified, and matching non-traumatic AKI-RRT patients were identified between 2000 and 2010. The incidences of ESKD, 30-day, and long-term mortality were evaluated, and clinical and demographic associations with these outcomes were identified using Cox proportional hazards regression models. 546 vehicle-traumatic AKI-RRT patients, median age 47.6 years (interquartile range: 29.0–64.3) and 76.4% male, were identified. Compared to non-traumatic AKI-RRT, vehicle-traumatic AKI-RRT patients had longer length of stay in hospital [median (IQR):15 (5–34) days vs. 6 (3–11) days; p < 0.001). After propensity matching with non-traumatic AKI-RRT cases with similar demographic and clinical characteristics. Vehicle-traumatic AKI-RRT patients had lower rates of long-term mortality (adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 0.473; 95% CI, 0.392–0.571; p < 0.001), but similar rates of ESKD (HR, 1.166; 95% CI, 0.829–1.638; p = 0.377) and short-term risk of death (HR, 1.134; 95% CI, 0.894–1.438; p = 0.301) as non-traumatic AKI-RRT patients. In competing risk models that focused on ESKD, vehicle-traumatic AKI-RRT patients were associated with lower ESKD rates (HR, 0.552; 95% CI, 0.325–0.937; p = 0.028) than non-traumatic AKI-RRT patients. Despite severe injuries, vehicle-traumatic AKI-RRT patients had better long-term survival than non-traumatic AKI-RRT patients, but a similar risk of ESKD. Our results provide a better understanding of long-term outcomes after vehicle-traumatic AKI-RRT.