bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deaths and complications associated with the management of acute immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Colling Meaghan , Sun Lova , Upadhyay Vivek , Ryu Justine , Li Ang , Uhl Lynne , Kaufman Richard M. , Stowell Christopher P. , Dzik Walter H. , Makar Robert S. , Bendapudi Pavan K. 
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUNDThe introduction of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) dramatically decreased mortality in patients with immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP). However, there are few modern descriptions of residual causes of death from iTTP and complications associated with TPE.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThis was a retrospective study in a multi‐institutional cohort of 109 patients with iTTP between 2004 and 2017. Complications of TPE were analyzed in a subset of this cohort (74 patients representing 101 treatment courses).RESULTSDeath occurred in 8 of 109 patients (7.3%) and in 8 of 219 captured episodes of acute iTTP (mortality rate per episode: 3.7%). Neither the number of TPE treatments nor length of hospitalization predicted mortality. The majority of deaths (5/8) were associated with delay in the diagnosis of iTTP or initiation of TPE or presentation to the hospital in a moribund state. A subset of patients (N = 74) was analyzed for TPE‐related complications. Most patients (56/74; 76%) had at least one minor or major complication of TPE. Seven of 101 (6.9%) discrete treatment courses were associated with one or more severe complications, including anaphylaxis and line‐associated infections and thrombosis. Overall, the most frequent adverse events were mild allergic (urticarial) transfusion reactions, which affected 34 of 101 (34%) treatment courses. One patient died from a TPE‐related complication, line‐associated bacteremia.CONCLUSIONEarly identification of patients with iTTP and the rapid initiation of TPE are paramount in preventing mortality. While TPE was associated with a high rate of adverse events, the vast majority were treatable and TPE‐related mortality is low.
Evaluation of partial tarsal plate excision using a transconjunctival approach for the treatment of distichiasis in dogs
Authors: Palella Gómez Alberto , Mazzucchelli Samuela , Scurrell Emma , Smith Kinley , Pinheiro de Lacerda Rodrigo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the clinical outcome, possible complications, and recurrence rate of distichiasis in dogs treated with partial tarsal plate excision (PTPE) technique using a transconjunctival approach.MethodsRetrospective study including 17 client‐owned canine patients affected with distichiasis and presenting with associated clinical signs (ie, blepharospasm, epiphora, chronic keratoconjunctivitis, or corneal ulceration) that underwent surgical removal of the aberrant lashes using a PTPE technique between January 2018 and February 2019. Data collected included breed, age, sex, affected eyelid(s), number of distichia, and tear film breakup time (TBUT). Resected cilia‐bearing tarsoconjunctival strips were submitted for histopathological analysis.ResultsThirty eyes (52 eyelids) from 17 dogs were included in the study. The median age was 688 days (range 118‐4243 days). A successful outcome, defined as complete resolution of clinical signs attributable to the distichia, occurred in all eyes after a single procedure, with a mean follow‐up time of 239 days (range 69‐480 days). Appearance of new distichia occurred in 14/30 eyes (46.3%), and of these, three eyes needed a new PTPE procedure. Recurrence of the distichia only occurred in one eye (3.3%) which was asymptomatic. Following surgery, TBUT decreased below the normal value in 7/24 eyes (29.1%) although none developed clinical signs of qualitative tear film deficiency. Post‐operative complications included trichiasis and cicatricial entropion, which developed in two eyes (6.6%), and these were successfully managed with corrective eyelid surgery.ConclusionsPartial tarsal plate excision, using a transconjunctival approach, had an excellent clinical outcome with a low incidence of complications.
Increased diaphragm motor unit discharge frequencies during quiet breathing in people with chronic tetraplegia
Authors: Nguyen D. A. T. , Lewis R. H. C. , Boswell‐Ruys C. L. , Hudson A. L. , Gandevia S. C. , Butler Jane E. 
Published: February 2020

Key points
Respiratory muscle strength is compromised in people with tetraplegia, which may be compensated for by an increase in neural drive to the diaphragm.
We found that the discharge frequencies of diaphragm motor units are higher in people with chronic tetraplegia compared with able‐bodied people during quiet breathing.
Furthermore, we found that the area of single motor unit potentials was increased in people with tetraplegia.
These results suggest an increased motoneurone output to the diaphragm and remodelling of diaphragm motor units to maintain ventilation in tetraplegia.

AbstractPeople with tetraplegia have reduced inspiratory muscle strength, ∼40% of able‐bodied individuals. Paralysed or partially paralysed respiratory muscles as a result of tetraplegia compromise lung function, increase the incidence of respiratory infections and can cause dyspnoea. We hypothesised that reduced inspiratory muscle strength in tetraplegia may increase neural drive to the inspiratory muscles to maintain ventilation. We recorded the discharge properties of single motor units from the diaphragm in participants with chronic tetraplegia (8 males, 42–78 years, C3–C6 injury, AIS A–C) and able‐bodied control participants (6 males matched for age and body mass index). In each group, 117 and 166 single motor units, respectively, were discriminated from recordings in the costal diaphragm using a monopolar electrode. A linear mixed‐effects model analysis showed higher peak discharge frequencies of motor units during quiet breathing in tetraplegia (17.8 ± 4.9 Hz; mean ± SD) compared with controls (12.4 ± 2.2 Hz) (P < 0.001). There were no differences in tidal volume, inspiratory time or mean air flow between groups. Motor unit potentials in tetraplegia, compared with controls, were larger in amplitude (1.1 ± 0.7 mV and 0.5 ± 0.3 mV, respectively, P = 0.007) and area (1.83 ± 1.49 µV ms and 0.69 ± 0.52 µV ms, respectively, P = 0.003). The findings indicate that diaphragm motor unit remodelling is likely to have occurred in people with chronic tetraplegia and that there is an increase in diaphragm motor unit discharge rates during quiet breathing. These neural changes ensure that ventilation is maintained in people with chronic tetraplegia.
Impact of type 2 diabetes on postoperative outcome after hip fracture: nationwide population-based study in Taiwan
Authors: Lee Tien-Ching , Lee Yu-Li , Chen Jian-Chih , Chen Chung-Hwan , Ho Pei-Shan 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) on hip fracture (HFx) is still controversial. We used nationwide population-based data in Taiwan to observe postoperative outcomes of HFx in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and found that the impact of T2DM may be related to medication of blood glucose control.ObjectivePublished studies evaluating diabetic patients with HFx have shown controversial outcomes. We assessed the impact of T2DM on postoperative outcomes after HFx in elderly patients using the nationwide population database in Taiwan.Research design and methodsWe used data from the National Health Research Institute in Taiwan to recruit patients who had undergone operations for HFx between 2000 and 2009. The recruited patients with T2DM were divided into the oral antidiabetic drug (OAD) cohort and the insulin cohort according to the use or non-use of insulin. Patients without DM were propensity score matched in a 1:1 ratio by four variables. We used the χ2test, linear regression and Cox proportional hazards model to assess variables, including length of hospital stay, medical cost, complications, early readmission, and 1-year mortality.ResultsWe identified 5490 subjects in total. The insulin cohort exhibited prolonged hospital stay (11.8 days), higher medical costs, more complications within 30 and 90 after hip surgery, earlier readmission, and higher 1 year mortality rate (25.8%) than the OAD and non-DM cohorts. The OAD cohort had longer hospital stay (10.1 days) and higher readmission rate but fewer complications and mortality rates (14.9%) than the non-DM cohort.ConclusionsAfter matching confounding factors, the T2DM with OAD control groups were not associated with higher complication or mortality rates but were associated with higher readmission rates. However, diabetic patients with insulin control have poor outcome. The impact of T2DM on the postoperative outcomes of patients with HFx may be related to blood glucose control medication.
Did psychosocial status, sociodemographics and smoking status affect non-attendance in control participants in the Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial? A nested observational study
Authors: Malmqvist Jessica , Siersma Volkert , Thorsen Hanne , Heleno Bruno , Rasmussen Jakob Fraes , Brodersen John 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesWe investigated if psychosocial status, sociodemographics and smoking status affected non-attendance in the control group in the randomised Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial (DLCST).Design and settingThis study was an observational study nested in the DLCST. Due to large non-attendance in the control group in the second screening round we made an additional effort to collect questionnaire data from non-attenders in this group in the third screening round. We used a condition-specific questionnaire to assess psychosocial status. We analysed the differences in psychosocial status in the third and preceding rounds between non-attenders and attenders in the control group in multivariable linear regression models adjusted for sociodemographics and smoking status reported at baseline. Differences in sociodemographics and smoking status were analysed with χ2tests (categorical variables) and t-tests (continuous variables).Primary outcome measurePrimary outcome was psychosocial status.ParticipantsAll control persons participating in the third screening round in the DLCST were included.ResultsNon-attenders in the third round had significantly worse psychosocial status than attenders in the scales: ‘behaviour’ 0.77 (99% CI 0.18 to 1.36), ‘self-blame’ 0.59 (99% CI 0.14 to 1.04), ‘focus on airway symptoms’ 0.22 (99% CI 0.08 to 0.36), ‘stigmatisation’ 0.51 (99% CI 0.16 to 0.86), ‘introvert’ 0.56 (99% CI 0.23 to 0.89) and ‘harms of smoking’ 0.35 (99% CI 0.11 to 0.59). Moreover, non-attenders had worse scores than attendees in the preceding screening rounds. Non-attenders also reported worse sociodemographics at baseline.ConclusionsNon-attenders had a significantly worse psychosocial status and worse sociodemographics compared with attenders. The results of our study contribute with evidence of non-response and attrition driven by psychosocial status, which in turn may be influenced by the screening intervention itself. This can be used to adjust cancer screening trial results for bias due to differential non-attendance.Trial registration numberClinicaltrials.gov Protocol Registration System (NCT00496977).
Exploring the role of early-life circumstances, abilities and achievements on well-being at age 50 years: evidence from the 1958 British birth cohort study
Authors: Dodgeon Brian , Patalay Praveetha , Ploubidis George B , Wiggins Richard D 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesWe aim to examine the relative contributions of pathways from middle childhood/adolescence to mid-life well-being, health and cognition, in the context of family socio-economic status (SES) at birth, educational achievement and early-adulthood SES. Our approach is largely exploratory, suspecting that the strongest mediators between childhood circumstances and mid-life physical and emotional well-being may be cognitive performance during school years, material and behavioural difficulties, and educational achievement. We also explore whether the effects of childhood circumstances on mid-life physical and emotional well-being differ between men and women.Setting/participantsData were from the National Child Development Study, a fully-representative British birth cohort sample of 17 415 people born in 1 week in 1958.Primary/secondary outcome measuresOur four primary mid-life outcome measures are: cognitive performance, physical and emotional well-being and quality of life. Our intermediate adult outcomes are early-adulthood social class and educational/vocational qualifications.ResultsUsing structural equation modelling, we explore numerous pathways through childhood and early adulthood which are significantly linked to our outcomes. We specifically examine the mediating effects of the following: cognitive ability at ages 7, 11 and 16 years; childhood psychological issues; family material difficulties at age 7 years: housing, unemployment, finance; educational/vocational qualifications and social class position at age 42 years.We find that social class at birth has a strong indirect effect on the age 50 outcomes via its influence on cognitive performance in childhood and adolescence, educational attainment and mid-life social class position, together with small direct effects on qualifications and social class position at age 42 years. Teenage cognitive performance has a strong positive effect on later physical health for women, while educational/vocational qualifications have a stronger positive effect on emotional well-being for men.ConclusionOur findings provide an understanding of the legacy of early life on multiple aspects of mid-life health, well-being, cognition and quality of life, showing stronger mediated links for men from childhood social class position to early adult social class position. The observed effect of qualifications supports those arguing that education is positively associated with subsequent cognitive functioning.
Adding evidence of the effects of treatments into relevant Wikipedia pages: a randomised trial
Authors: Adams Clive E , Montgomery Alan A , Aburrow Tony , Bloomfield Sophie , Briley Paul M , Carew Ebun , Chatterjee-Woolman Suravi , Feddah Ghalia , Friedel Johannes , Gibbard Josh , Haynes Euan , Hussein Mohsin , Jayaram Mahesh , Naylor Samuel , Perry Luke , Schmidt Lena , Siddique Umer , Tabaksert Ayla Serena , Taylor Douglas , Velani Aarti , White Douglas , Xia Jun 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesTo investigate the effects of adding high-grade quantitative evidence of outcomes of treatments into relevant Wikipedia pages on further information-seeking behaviour by the use of routinely collected data.SettingWikipedia, Cochrane summary pages and the Cochrane Library.DesignRandomised trial.ParticipantsWikipedia pages which were highly relevant to up-to-date Cochrane Schizophrenia systematic reviews that contained a Summary of Findings table.InterventionsEligible Wikipedia pages in the intervention group were seeded with tables of best evidence of the effects of care and hyperlinks to the source Cochrane review. Eligible Wikipedia pages in the control group were left unchanged.Main outcome measuresRoutinely collected data on access to the full text and summary web page (after 12 months).ResultsWe randomised 70 Wikipedia pages (100% follow-up). Six of the 35 Wikipedia pages in the intervention group had the tabular format deleted during the study but all pages continued to report the same data within the text. There was no evidence of effect on either of the coprimary outcomes: full-text access adjusted ratio of geometric means 1.30, 95% CI: 0.71 to 2.38; page views 1.14, 95% CI: 0.6 to 2.13. Results were similar for all other outcomes, with exception of Altmetric score for which there was some evidence of clear effect (1.36, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.78).ConclusionsThe pursuit of fair balance within Wikipedia healthcare pages is impressive and its reach unsurpassed. For every person who sought and clicked the reference on the ‘intervention’ Wikipedia page to seek more information (the primary outcome), many more are likely to have been informed by the page alone. Enriching Wikipedia content is, potentially, a powerful way to improve health literacy and it is possible to test the effects of seeding pages with evidence. This trial should be replicated, expanded and developed.Trial registration numberIRCT2017070330407N2.
Status and contents of physical activity recommendations in European Union countries: a systematic comparative analysis
Authors: Gelius Peter , Tcymbal Antonina , Abu-Omar Karim , Mendes Romeu , Tribuzi Morais Sara , Whiting Stephen , Breda Joao 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesWe analysed the information on current national physical activity recommendations in all EU Member States provided by governments in a joint EU/WHO survey on the implementation status of the EU Council Recommendation on Health-Enhancing Physical Activity across Sectors.DesignCross-sectional survey.ParticipantsThe representatives of the 28 EU Member State governments to the EU Physical Activity Focal Point Network.Outcome measuresNational recommendations on: (A) minimum frequency, duration, intensity and lengths of bouts of physical activity, (B) preventing inactivity or sedentary behaviour and (C) further recommendations for additional health benefits, obesity prevention and specific types of activity.ResultsAn official document could be located for 23 of the 28 EU Member States, while four are currently developing recommendations. For children and adolescents, most countries follow the 2010 WHO Global Recommendations for Physical Activity, but there are notable differences in the delimitation of age groups. 14 countries also followed WHO in their recommendations for adults, and 11 countries have additional advice on avoiding inactivity and sitting among adults. 18 Member States have recommendations for older adults, 12 of which follow WHO. Thirteen countries also address at least one special population (eg, pregnant women, people with disabilities and people with chronic diseases), but the level of detail varies substantially between countries.ConclusionsThe large majority of EU Member States either has physical activity recommendations in place or is in the process of developing them. There is a general tendency to use the WHO Global Recommendations as a basis, with the greatest variation observable for children and adolescents. Comparing results with a previous round of data collection shows that the number of EU countries with physical activity recommendations is increasing and that both special groups and sedentary behaviour have become more important in recent years.
Distinguishing Brans–Dicke–Kerr type naked singularities and black holes with their thin disk electromagnetic radiation properties
Authors: Shahidi Shahab , Harko Tiberiu , Kovács Zoltán 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe possible existence of naked singularities, hypothetical astrophysical objects, characterized by a gravitational singularity without an event horizon is still an open problem in present day astrophysics. From an observational point of view distinguishing between astrophysical black holes and naked singularities also represents a major challenge. One possible way of differentiating naked singularities from black holes is through the comparative study of thin accretion disks properties around these different types of compact objects. In the present paper we continue the comparative investigation of accretion disk properties around axially-symmetric rotating geometries in Brans–Dicke theory in the presence of a massless scalar field. The solution of the field equations contains the Kerr metric as a particular case, and, depending on the numerical values of the model parameter $$\gamma $$γ, has also solutions corresponding to non-trivial black holes and naked singularities, respectively. Due to the differences in the exterior geometries between black holes and Brans–Dicke–Kerr naked singularities, the thermodynamic and electromagnetic properties of the disks (energy flux, temperature distribution and equilibrium radiation spectrum) are different for these two classes of compact objects, consequently giving clear observational signatures that could discriminate between black holes and naked singularities.
Casimir force between ideal metal plates in a chiral vacuum
Authors: Høye Johan S. , Brevik Iver 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe calculate the Casimir force between two parallel ideal metal plates when there is an intervening chiral medium present. Making use of methods of quantum statistical mechanics, we show how the force can be found in a simple and compact way. The expression for the force is in agreement with that obtained recently by Jiang and Wilczek (Phys Rev B 99:125403, 2019), in their case with the use of Green function methods.
Cerebrovascular carbon dioxide reactivity and flow-mediated dilation in young healthy South Asian and Caucasian European men
Authors: Junejo Rehan T. , May Sophie , Alsalahi Sultan , Alali Mohammad , Ogoh Shigehiko , Fisher James P. 
Published: February 2020

South Asians living in the United Kingdom have a 1.5-fold greater risk of ischemic stroke than the general population. Impaired cerebrovascular carbon dioxide (CO2) reactivity is an independent predictor of ischemic stroke and cardiovascular mortality. We sought to test the hypothesis that cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity is reduced in South Asians. Middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCA Vm) was measured at rest and during stepwise changes in end-tidal partial pressure of CO2 ([Formula: see text]) in South Asian ( n = 16) and Caucasian European ( n = 18) men who were young (~20 yr), healthy, and living in the United Kingdom. Incremental hypercapnia was delivered via the open-circuit steady-state method, with stages of 4 and 7% CO2 (≈21% oxygen, nitrogen balanced). Cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity was calculated as the change in MCA Vm relative to the change in [Formula: see text]. MCA Vm was not different in South Asians [59 (9) cm/s, mean (standard deviation)] and Caucasian Europeans [61 (12) cm/s; P > 0.05]. Similarly, cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity was not different between the groups [South Asian 2.53 (0.76) vs. Caucasian European 2.61 (0.81) cm·s−1·mmHg−1; P > 0.05]. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation was lower in South Asians [5.48 (2.94)%] compared with Caucasian Europeans [7.41 (2.28)%; P < 0.05]; however, when corrected for shear rate no between-group differences in flow-mediated dilation were observed ( P > 0.05). Flow-mediated dilation was not correlated with cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity measures. In summary, cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity and flow-mediated dilation corrected for shear rate are preserved in young healthy South Asian men living in the United Kingdom. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Previous reports have identified an increased risk of ischemic stroke and peripheral endothelial dysfunction in South Asians compared with Caucasian Europeans. The main finding of this study is that cerebrovascular carbon dioxide reactivity (an independent predictor of ischemic stroke) is not different in healthy young South Asian and Caucasian European men.