bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simple click chemistry‐based derivatization to quantify endogenous formaldehyde in milk using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry in selected reaction monitoring mode
Authors: Shetty Sweekruthi A. , Rangiah Kannan 
Published: June 2020

RationaleFormaldehyde (FA) exposure via environmental pollution or through the food chain poses a serious threat to human health, especially in developing countries like India. Although the addition of FA to food is proscribed, it is often illegally added to foods such as milk to increase the shelf‐life. There are challenges in differentiating the endogenous FA content in milk from externally added FA.MethodWe have developed a simple method using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry in selected reaction monitoring mode (UHPLC/MS/SRM) for the absolute quantification of endogenous FA in milk. The steps include fat removal, protein precipitation using acid, and spiking with labelled FA (FA*), followed by simple click chemistry‐based derivatization using Girard P reagent (GP) and final analysis.ResultsA standard curve with FA* was constructed and used for the calculation of endogenous FA in milk. The optimal conditions for the derivatization reaction using 500 μL of milk were: GP, 50 μg; temperature, 37°C; time, 60 min; and 0.1% HCl. The validation parameters such as accuracy (95.84 to 99.73%), precision (2.84 to 8.02%) and spiked recovery (>95%) are within the FDA guidelines. This method is highly sensitive [limit of detection (LOD) of 1 ng/mL] with a dynamic range of 3.12 to 200 ng/mL. The endogenous FA level in pasteurized cow milk is 70 ng/mL (n = 60). The FA content in raw milk samples from cow, goat and buffalo (each n = 10) varied from 134 to 255 ng/mL.ConclusionsThis method is precise and sufficiently sensitive to quantify endogenous FA in milk samples using a minimal sample volume. As it involves simple sample preparation steps, it can be used routinely to quantify endogenous FA.
“Estoy Explorando Science”: Emergent bilingual students problematizing electrical phenomena through translanguaging
Authors: Suárez Enrique 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs science education continues to embrace science‐as‐practice, equitable science learning environments must value and leverage emergent bilingual students' ways of communicating. This study investigates the translanguaging practices of a group of elementary‐aged emergent bilingual students while they problematized electrical phenomena. Building on asset‐oriented theories for supporting student learning, I utilize translanguaging as a theoretical and pedagogical lens for understanding how emergent bilingual students leverage their full semiotic repertoires for productive disciplinary engagement. The study took place in an out‐of‐school program focused on creating opportunities for students to problematize electrical phenomena, specifically electrical resistance. I present a close analysis of students constructing models of electric flow through a circuit and how electrical resistance regulates that flow. The findings also include evidence that students engaged in different kinds of translanguaging practices when problematizing electrical phenomena and co‐constructing knowledge with each other and the instructor. Specifically, students drew from and used multiple linguistic and nonlinguistic semiotic resources for communicating their models. Finally, the findings suggest that the instructor's pedagogical moves and own translanguaging practices implicitly signaled to students when and how to participate in translanguaging practices themselves. The findings emphasize the importance of desettling what counts as productive forms of communication in science for elementary‐aged emergent bilingual students by eschewing pedagogical models that police discursive boundaries. Therefore, equitable science learning environments must create opportunities for emergent bilingual students to leverage their full semiotic repertoires for meaning‐making, by inviting and valuing multiple languages and gestures.
Foreign direct investment and manufacturing pollution emissions: A perspective from heterogeneous environmental regulation
Authors: Sun Haibo , Liu Zhonglu , Chen Yingchao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSustainable development has become the consensus of mankind. Reducing manufacturing pollution emissions is critical to manufacturing sustainability. This article explores the influence of heterogeneous environmental regulation and foreign direct investment (FDI) on manufacturing pollution emissions, based on the micro data of Chinese manufacturing enterprises. The results show that FDI significantly increases manufacturing pollution emissions, and both expenditure‐style environmental regulation and investment‐style environmental regulation have an inverted U‐shaped relationship with manufacturing pollution emissions. Moreover, the expenditure‐style environmental regulation can only restrain the manufacturing pollution emissions caused by FDI in the current period, while the investment‐style environmental regulation is not only effective in the current period, but also plays a role in the lag period. Further research finds that both expenditure‐style environmental regulation and investment‐style environmental regulation have significant industrial and regional heterogeneity in reducing manufacturing pollution emissions caused by FDI. Our findings provide a reference for the rational introduction of foreign capital and manufacturing industry sustainable development.
Assessment of the critical factors in ımplementing ISO 14001:2015 environmental management systems for developing countries: A case study for Sri Lanka
Authors: Weerasinghe I. H. S. K. , Jayasooriya V. M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractISO 14001:2015 is an international standard that specifies the requirements of environmental management systems (EMS). This study assessed the influence of top management commitment, applications of compliance and other requirements, operational control, monitoring and measurements, resource management and improvements as critical factors on successful implementation and the operation of the ISO 14001:2015, by considering organizations in Sri Lanka as a case study. A data collection was conducted via questionnaires and structured interviews from stakeholders who are directly responsible for the EMS such as environmental managers, quality mangers and general managers of the organizations, who are certified with ISO 14001:2015, and comparisons were undertaken. The statistical analysis of the critical factors has shown a significant positive effect on both large‐scale organizations and export‐oriented organizations on EMS implementation. Furthermore, the results indicate that the EMS adoption has created significant positive impacts on efficient energy and resource consumption within organizations.
APE: A Command-Line Tool and API for Automated Workflow Composition
Authors: Kasalica Vedran , Lamprecht Anna-Lena 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Automated workflow composition is bound to take the work with scientific workflows to the next level. On top of today’s comprehensive eScience infrastructure, it enables the automated generation of possible workflows for a given specification. However, functionality for automated workflow composition tends to be integrated with one of the many available workflow management systems, and is thus difficult or impossible to apply in other environments. Therefore we have developed APE (the Automated Pipeline Explorer) as a command-line tool and API for automated composition of scientific workflows. APE is easily configured to a new application domain by providing it with a domain ontology and semantically annotated tools. It can then be used to synthesize purpose-specific workflows based on a specification of the available workflow inputs, desired outputs and possibly additional constraints. The workflows can further be transformed into executable implementations and/or exported into standard workflow formats. In this paper we describe APE v1.0 and discuss lessons learned from applications in bioinformatics and geosciences.
Reducible KAM Tori for the Degasperis–Procesi Equation
Authors: Feola Roberto , Giuliani Filippo , Procesi Michela 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe develop KAM theory close to an elliptic fixed point for quasi-linear Hamiltonian perturbations of the dispersive Degasperis–Procesi equation on the circle. The overall strategy in KAM theory for quasi-linear PDEs is based on Nash–Moser nonlinear iteration, pseudo differential calculus and normal form techniques. In the present case the complicatedsymplectic structure, theweak dispersiveeffects of the linear flow and the presence ofstrong resonant interactionsrequire a novel set of ideas. The main points are to exploit the integrability of the unperturbed equation, to look for specialwave packetsolutions and to perform a very careful algebraic analysis of the resonances. Our approach is quite general and can be applied also to other 1d integrable PDEs. We are confident for instance that the same strategy should work for the Camassa–Holm equation.
Differential diagnosis of sinonasal extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma and diffuse large B cell lymphoma on MRI
Authors: Chen Yun , Wang Xinyan , Li Long , Li Wei , Xian Junfang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate whether imaging features on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can differentiate sinonasal extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphomas (ENKTL) from diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

Methods
Consecutively, pathology-proven 59 patients with ENKTL and 27 patients with DLBCL in the sinonasal region were included in this study. Imaging features included tumor side, location, margin, pre-contrast T1 and T2 signal intensity and homogeneity, post-contrast enhancement degree and homogeneity, septal enhancement pattern, internal necrosis, mass effect, and adjacent involvements. These imaging features for each ENKTL or DLBCL on total 86 MRI scans were indicated independently by two experienced head and neck radiologists. The MRI-based performance in differential diagnosis of the two types of lymphomas was evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results
All ENKTLs were located in the nasal cavity, with ill-defined margin, heterogeneous signal intensity, internal necrosis, marked enhancement of solid component on MRI, whereas DLBCLs were more often located in the paranasal sinuses, with MR homogenous intensity, mild enhancement, septal enhancement pattern, and intracranial or orbital involvements (all P < 0.05). Using a combination of location, internal necrosis and septal enhancement pattern of the tumor in multivariate logistic regression analysis, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in differential diagnosis of ENKTL and DLBCL were 100%, 79.4%, and 91.9%, respectively, for radiologist 1, and were 98.3%, 81.5%, and 93.0%, respectively, for radiologist 2.

Conclusion
MRI can effectively differentiate ENKTL from DLBCL in the sinonasal region with a high diagnostic accuracy.
„Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty“ DMEK – Spender und Empfänger Schritt für Schritt
Authors: Seitz Berthold , Daas Loay , Flockerzi Elias , Suffo Shady 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungIm Jahr 2020 ist die DMEK („Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty“) in Deutschland der Goldstandard zur Behandlung von endothelialen Hornhauterkrankungen. Die weitverbreitete Verwendung der DMEK war initial eingeschränkt aufgrund von Problemen mit der Spendervorbereitung und der Schwierigkeit, die Endothel-Descemet-Membran (EDM) korrekt und schonend in der Vorderkammer zu entfalten. Wir beschreiben zum einen nach der situativen Spenderauswahl die sichere einhändige Spenderpräparation der Hornhaut ohne Ein- oder gar Zerreißen der EDM einschließlich der unabdingbaren peripheren Halbkreismarkierungen zur Orientierung. Zum anderen stellen wir Schritt für Schritt die atraumatische Beladung der Glaskartusche, die Einführung der EDM-Rolle in die Vorderkammer und ihr sicheres, schrittweises Entfalten durch (1) die sequenzielle Verwendung von Flüssigkeitsstößen, (2) das Klopfen auf die periphere/zentrale Hornhaut, (3) die kontrollierte Abflachung der Vorderkammer, (4) die Luftbläscheneingabe definierter Größe dar sowie das Anlegen der EDM in korrekter Orientierung an die Rückseite der Wirtshornhaut mithilfe einer Gasblase. Nachdem bei der DMEK jeder falsche Einzelschritt weitreichende Konsequenzen für Patient und Operateur haben kann, sollte mit dieser schrittweisen pragmatischen Vorgehensweise das Auftreten von Spendergewebeschädigung und Fehlschlägen bei den Patientenmanövern minimiert werden.
Interannual variability of the early and late-rainy seasons in the Caribbean
Authors: Martinez Carlos , Kushnir Yochanan , Goddard Lisa , Ting Mingfang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Caribbean seasonal rainfall cycle and its characteristics are heavily relied upon by the region’s inhabitants for their socioeconomic needs; the prediction of its variability would be valuable to society. An important way to understand the predictability of the Caribbean rainfall cycle is to study its interannual variability. Previous studies vary as to how and what large-scale climate driver(s) affect the interannual variability of rainfall and its associated dynamical mechanisms in the Caribbean. To address this, this study investigates wet and dry Caribbean early-rainy seasons (ERS; mid-April to mid-June) and late-rainy seasons (LRS; late August to mid-November) by conducting the following: (1) a spatial composite of rainfall from 34 Caribbean rainfall stations using daily data; and, (2) spatial composites of sea-surface temperature, sea-level pressure, and mean flow moisture convergence and transports. The ERS and LRS are impacted in distinctly different ways by two different, and largely independent, dominant large-scale phenomena: the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), respectively. Dry ERS years are associated with a persistent dipole of cold and warm SSTs over the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico, respectively, that were caused by a preceding positive NAO state. This setting involves a wind-evaporation-SST (WES) feedback expressed in enhanced trade winds and consequently, moisture transport divergence over all of the Caribbean, except in portions of the NW Caribbean in May. A contribution from the preceding winter cold ENSO event is also discernible during dry ERS years. Dry LRS years are due to the summertime onset of an El Niño event, developing an inter-basin SLP pattern that fluxes moisture out of the Caribbean, except in portions of the NW Caribbean in November. Both large-scale climate drivers would have the opposite effect during their opposite phases leading to wet years for both seasons. The two rainy seasons are independent because the main drivers of their variability are independent. This has implications for prediction.
Current treatment options in RAS mutant metastatic colorectal cancer patients: a meta-analysis of 14 randomized phase III trials
Authors: Stahler Arndt , Heinemann Volker , Ricard Ingrid , von Einem Jobst C. , Giessen-Jung Clemens , Westphalen Christoph Benedikt , Michl Marlies , Heinrich Kathrin , Miller-Phillips Lisa , Jelas Ivan , Stintzing Sebastian , Modest Dominik Paul 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Although biomarkers for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer exist, the benefit patients with RAS mutated tumors derive from established regimens is unclear.

Methods
Efficacy of therapeutic strategies available for RAS mutated patients (addition of chemotherapeutic agents and/or anti angiogenic agents) were investigated in fourteen randomized controlled phase III trials at trial level by meta-analysing individual study hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS).

Results
6810 of 10,748 patients (63.3%) were available (48.5% RAS wildtype, 51.5% RAS mutated). Across all treatment lines, additional treatment efficacy (chemotherapy and/or anti angiogenic agents) was significantly smaller in RAS mutated compared to wildtype tumors for OS and PFS. In detail, patients with RAS mutated metastatic colorectal cancer derived significant benefit in PFS but not in OS by the addition of either chemotherapy or anti angiogenic agents to the respective comparator. In patients with RAS wildtype metastatic colorectal cancer, PFS and OS were improved by the addition of chemotherapy or anti angiogenic agent.

Conclusion
The therapeutic benefit of additional substances is less distinct in patients with RAS mutated as compared to RAS wildtype metastatic colorectal cancer, especially with regard to OS.
Zenker’s Diverticulum: Can Protocolised Measurements with Barium SWALLOW Predict Severity and Treatment Outcomes? The “Zen-Rad” Study
Authors: Ishaq Sauid , Siau Keith , Lee Minhong , Shalmani Hamid M , Kuwai Toshio , Priestnall Lindsey , Muhammad Humayun , Hall Adrian , Mulder Chris J , Neumann Helmut , Aziz Akhmid 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlthough barium swallow imaging is established in the investigation of Zenker’s diverticulum (ZD), no agreed measurement protocol exists. We developed a protocol for measuring ZD dimensions and aimed to correlate measurements with symptoms and post-operative outcomes. This prospective study included patients with confirmed ZD who underwent flexible endoscopic septal division (FESD) between 2014 and 2018. ZD was confirmed on barium radiology with measurements reviewed by two consultant radiologists. Symptom severity pre- and post-FESD was measured using the Dysphagia, Regurgitation, Complications (DRC) scale. Regression analyses were conducted to identify dimensions associated with therapeutic success, defined as remission (DRC score ≤ 1) 6 months after index FESD. In total, 67 patients (mean age 74.3) were included. Interobserver reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients—ICCs) was greatest for pouch width (0.981) and pouch depth (0.934), but not oesophageal depth (0.018). Male gender (60.9%) was associated with larger pouch height (P = 0.008) and width (P = 0.004). A positive correlation was identified between baseline DRC score and pouch depth (ρ 0.326, P = 0.011), particularly the regurgitation subset score (ρ 0.330, P = 0.020). The index pouch depth was associated with FESD procedure time (rho 0.358, P = 0.041). Therapeutic success was achieved in 64.2% and was associated with shorter pouch height (median 14.5 mm vs. 19.0 mm, P = 0.030), pouch width (median 19.9 mm vs. 28.8 mm, P = 0.34) and cricopharyngeal length (median 20.2 mm vs. 26.3 mm, P = 0.036). ZD dimensions may be feasible and were evaluated using Barium radiology. Specific parameters appear to correlate with severity and post-FESD outcomes, which aid with pre-procedural planning.
Comparison of subjectively and objectively assessed sleep problems in breast cancer patients starting neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Kreutz Charlotte , Müller Jana , Schmidt Martina E. , Steindorf Karen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeTo characterize sleep problems and to compare subjective and objective assessments in breast cancer patients starting neoadjuvant chemotherapy.MethodsSleep characteristics of 54 breast cancer patients starting neoadjuvant chemotherapy were analyzed. Subjective sleep characteristics were assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and objective sleep measurements with an accelerometer (ActiGraph wGT3X-BT) worn on the wrist for 7 consecutive days.ResultsAccording to the common PSQI cut-off of 8, 10 (18.87%) of the patients were poor sleepers. ActiGraph measures did not mirror this classification as values for poor, and good sleepers did not differ significantly. Overall, Bland-Altman plots illustrated higher ActiGraph values for sleep efficiency and effective sleep time and lower values for sleep latency, compared with PSQI. For total sleep time, less disagreement between both measures was observed. Actigraphy was limited in precise identification of sleep begin and sleep latency but provided supplementary information about number and minutes of awakenings during the night.ConclusionSubjective and objective measurement methods differed substantially in various parameters, with limitations in both methods. A combination of both methods might be most promising.Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov: NCT02999074
Biochar as multi-purpose sustainable technology: experiences from projects in Tanzania
Authors: Hansson Anders , Haikola Simon , Fridahl Mathias , Yanda Pius , Mabhuye Edmund , Pauline Noah 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBiochar was recently included as a promising negative emissions technology (NET) in the Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Unlike other NETs, it can potentially be used to mitigate global climate change while adding to local resilience in countries highly exposed and sensitive to impacts of climate change, such as least-developed countries (LDCs). The study is as an empirical contribution to the, as of yet, underdeveloped literature on deployment of negative emissions technologies in LDCs in general and on biochar use in developing countries and LDCs specifically. Nine historical and existing biochar projects in Tanzania are mapped in order to analyse problems, goals and common trade-offs associated with small- to medium-scale biochar production in LDCs. The mapping is based on a literature and document study, interviews with project actors, and on-site visits to biochar projects during 2019. The paper gives support to the observation made in the biochar literature that while biochar has many potential socio-economic and environmental benefits, combining them in one single project is difficult. It is concluded that implementing biochar projects in Tanzania will likely involve trade-offs between the development and subsistence strategies and needs of local communities, the motivational forces of different project participants, and the uneven regulatory capacity of the state. We end by reflecting on the use of biochar projects to offset carbon emissions made elsewhere.
Development of in vitro-grown spheroids as a 3D tumor model system for solid-state NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Damman Reinier , Lucini Paioni Alessandra , Xenaki Katerina T. , Beltrán Hernández Irati , van Bergen en Henegouwen Paul M. P. , Baldus Marc 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecent advances in the field of in-cell NMR spectroscopy have made it possible to study proteins in the context of bacterial or mammalian cell extracts or even entire cells. As most mammalian cells are part of a multi-cellular complex, there is a need to develop novel NMR approaches enabling the study of proteins within the complexity of a 3D cellular environment. Here we investigate the use of the hanging drop method to grow spheroids which are homogenous in size and shape as a model system to study solid tumors using solid-state NMR (ssNMR) spectroscopy. We find that these spheroids are stable under magic-angle-spinning conditions and show a clear change in metabolic profile as compared to single cell preparations. Finally, we utilize dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP)-supported ssNMR measurements to show that low concentrations of labelled nanobodies targeting EGFR (7D12) can be detected inside the spheroids. These findings suggest that solid-state NMR can be used to directly examine proteins or other biomolecules in a 3D cellular microenvironment with potential applications in pharmacological research.