bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oil price shocks, real economic activity and uncertainty
Authors: Charles Amélie , Chua Chew Lian , Darné Olivier , Suardi Sandy 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper develops a structural factor vector autoregressive (SFVAR) model to study the effect of oil price shock on economic activity. The model allows both types of uncertainty (real economic activity and oil price) todirectlyaffect oil prices and economic activity. More importantly, the factor variable, which is akin to the macroeconomic uncertainty measure of Henzel and Rengel (2017), captures the significantindirectspillover effects of both supply‐related (oil prices) and demand‐related (business cycle) shocks on oil prices and economic activity. By incorporating the indirect effect of this macroeconomic uncertainty, the response of economic activity to oil price shocks is amplified. In some countries the real effect is prolonged. Results for net oil exporting (importing) countries show that an oil price hike has an appreciably positive (negative) effect on economic activity. The factor dynamics of all countries, except for France, are highly correlated with each other, while they are all moderately correlated with some commonly used measures of macroeconomic uncertainty.
Adherence to eye examination guidelines among individuals with diabetes: An analysis of linked health data
Authors: Gibson Alice A. , Humphries Jacob , Gillies Mark , Nassar Natasha , Colagiuri Stephen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractImportanceScreening for diabetic retinopathy for early detection and treatment can prevent vision loss.BackgroundWe aimed to assess rates of eye examination of people with diabetes, adherence with national guidelines and investigate characteristics of those who do not adhere.DesignWe used data from the 45 and Up Study, a cohort study of 267 153 randomly selected residents aged ≥45 years from New South Wales, Australia. Individual survey data collected in 2006 to 2009 were linked to corresponding national Medicare Benefits Schedule claims data for 2006 to 2016.ParticipantsThe study sample included 24 832 participants who reported having diabetes and at least 5 years of observation.MethodsClaims for visits to optometrists or ophthalmologists were assessed to estimate rates of eye examination. Poisson regression models were used to investigate factors associated with non‐adherence.Main outcome measureParticipants were classified as adherent if the average time between eye care claims was consistent with national guideline of having an eye exam every 2 years.ResultsOf 50% to 75% people with diabetes met the biennial eye examination guidelines and only 21% to 28% with diabetes duration ≥10 years were adherent to the annual eye examination guideline. Characteristics associated with greatest (~1.3‐fold) risk of non‐adherence were smoking, age <60 years and higher income.Conclusions and relevanceThere is a clear need to improve rates of adherence to eye examination guidelines among people with diabetes to reduce the personal and societal burden of diabetic retinopathy.
Power to see—Drivers of aerobic glycolysis in the mammalian retina: A review
Authors: Haydinger Cameron D. , Kittipassorn Thaksaon , Peet Daniel J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe mammalian retina converts most glucose to lactate rather than catabolizing it completely to carbon dioxide via oxidative phosphorylation, despite the availability of oxygen. This unusual metabolism is known as aerobic glycolysis or the Warburg effect. Molecules and pathways that drive aerobic glycolysis have been identified and thoroughly studied in the context of cancer but remain relatively poorly understood in the retina. Here, we review recent research on the molecular mechanisms that underly aerobic glycolysis in the retina, focusing on key glycolytic enzymes including hexokinase 2 (HK2), pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA). We also discuss the potential involvement of cell signalling and transcriptional pathways including phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) signalling, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signalling, and hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 (HIF‐1), which have been implicated in driving aerobic glycolysis in the context of cancer.
Retinal pigment epithelium and age‐related macular degeneration: A review of major disease mechanisms
Authors: Somasundaran Shreya , Constable Ian J. , Mellough Carla B. , Carvalho Livia S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAge‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive degenerative disease that is the leading cause of vision loss in the elderly population. Degeneration/dysregulation of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a supportive monolayer of cells underlying the photoreceptors, is commonly seen in patients with AMD. While treatment exists for the neovascular/wet form of AMD, there is currently no cure for the non‐exudative/dry form of AMD, making it imperative to understand the pathogenesis of this disease. Although our understanding of the aetiology of AMD has increased over the years, the underlying disease mechanism has not yet been identified, mainly due to the multifactorial nature of this disease. Herein, we review some of the commonly proposed degeneration pathways of RPE cells and their role in the pathogenesis of AMD; including activation of the complement cascade, oxidative stress‐induced cell death mechanisms, dysfunctional mitochondria and the role of crystallins in AMD disease progression.
Factors associated with sleep disturbance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Lee Sang Hee , Lee Haejung , Kim Yun Seong , Kim Ki Uk , Park Hye‐Kyung , Lee Min Ki 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionPoor sleep quality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been associated with poor health outcomes. However, there is a lack of research on factors associated with sleep disturbance in patients with COPD.ObjectivesWe investigated patterns of sleep disturbance and factors associated with sleep impairment in patients with COPD.MethodsThis was a prospective, multicenter cross‐sectional study enrolling a sample of 245 COPD subjects. All patients completed the patient‐reported measure, the COPD and Asthma Sleep Impact Scale (CASIS) to assess sleep impairment. The St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), the 36‐item Short‐Form health survey (SF‐36), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the COPD Self‐Efficacy Scale (CSES) were utilized to assess health‐related quality of life (HRQL), anxiety/depression and self‐efficacy, respectively.ResultsAbout 35.1% of the patients reported that they had a bad night’s sleep. Univariate analysis showed that the CASIS total score was significantly correlated with the modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale, SGRQ total score, SF‐36 PCS, SF‐36 MCS, HADS‐A, HADS‐D and CSES (all P < 0.05). In a multivariate analysis, SGRQ total (r = 0.19, P = 0.006), SF‐36 PCS (r = 0.14, P = 0.037), HADS‐D (r = 0.24, P ≤ 0.001), and CSES(r = −0.12, P = 0.010) were independently associated with the CASIS score.ConclusionsIn this study, 35% of clinically stable patients with COPD reported poor sleep quality. Depression, poorer HRQL and self‐efficacy were significantly associated with sleep disturbance in patients with COPD.
S‐100 protein and SOX10‐positive breast carcinoma mimicking metastatic melanoma
Authors: Newman John , Brahmbhatt Meera , Stoff Benjamin K. , Martinez Anthony P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe present a case detailing a 70‐year‐old female with a history of triple‐negative breast carcinoma (TNBC) of the left breast and contralateral stage pT2a nodular melanoma of the right upper arm who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy of the right axilla demonstrating a metastatic epithelioid tumor that was strongly positive for S‐100 protein and SOX10. The tumor cells were negative for HMB‐45 and Melan‐A and positive for CK7 and other breast markers (GCDFP15, mammaglobin, and GATA3). While concerning for metastatic melanoma based on clinical history and initial immunohistochemistry, tumor morphology and subsequent immunohistochemistry was supportive of metastatic breast adenocarcinoma. This case demonstrates a rare but perilous diagnostic pitfall of triple‐negative breast carcinomas that strongly and diffusely express S‐100 protein and SOX10 mimicking melanoma.
Global ore trade is an important gateway for non‐native species: A case study of alien plants in Chinese ports
Authors: Yu Shengxiang , Fan Xiaohong , Gadagkar Sudhindra R. , Albright Thomas P. , Li Jin , Xue Tiantian , Xu Han , Huang Ying , Shao Xiuling , Ding Wei , Zhou Minghua , Hu Changsong , Li Zhenyu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimBiological invasion has become one of the most important environmental concerns in many countries, with considerable time, money and effort being spent in the prevention and eradication of invasive species. Since mineral ores tend to harbour seeds from the local plants, our aim was to study the non‐native plants collected in Chinese ports to understand the influence of global ore trade on biological invasion.LocationChina.MethodsWe surveyed 75 ore heaps across six types of ore in 22 Chinese port cities from 2010 to 2016 and collected 737 voucher specimens of non‐native plants, out of which 709 specimens were traced to the country of origin. Using the software Maxent, we evaluated the risk of invasion from these non‐native plants based on the global ore trade flow, traced their route and predicted the regions in China most vulnerable to invasion by these plants.ResultsOf the 407 non‐native plant species identified, most were from India, followed by Malaysia, Swaziland, Mexico, and Iran. Taxonomically, there were representations from 49 families, notably Fabaceae, Poaceae, Asteraceae and Solanaceae. The non‐native plant species were represented by varying number of species, from a single specimen to 179. Analysis of the invasion risk indicated that the entire coast of China was at high risk. Furthermore, two major potential introduction pathways were also identified, namely the Yangtze drainage basin and the land from the Gulf of Tonkin to Sichuan Basin.Main conclusionAn important pathway for the invasion of non‐native plants is the inadvertent transportation of seeds through global ore trade networks. Based on this study, we suggest greater monitoring and cooperation in the international ore trade for better management, and creating public awareness of the dangers of non‐native species to help minimize the risk of transporting non‐native plants by the global ore trade network.
Disparity of child/parent‐reported quality of life in cerebral palsy persists into adolescence
Authors: Sentenac Mariane , Rapp Marion , Ehlinger Virginie , Colver Allan , Thyen Ute , Arnaud Catherine 
Published: July 2020

AimTo examine the evolution of child–parent discrepancy in reporting quality of life (QoL) between childhood and adolescence in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and to investigate potential factors associated with such a discrepancy.MethodWe used data from the SPARCLE (Study of PARticipation of Children with CP Living in Europe) study, a population‐based cohort study of children with CP, aged 8 to 12 years at baseline (in 2004–2005), in nine European centres, who were followed up at the age of 13 to 17 years. The KIDSCREEN‐52 Quality of Life measure was used at baseline and follow‐up; 354 child–parent dyads out of 500 eligible dyads were followed up (201 males, 153 females). We used intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) to examine agreement between parent proxy‐reports and self‐reported QoL. We used linear regression to examine factors associated with child–parent discrepancy in QoL reporting.ResultsAgreement was low to moderate (ICC=0.16–0.48) in childhood and in adolescence across all QoL domains. In four domains (moods and emotions, self‐perception, relationship with parents and home life, and social support and peers), the extent of the discrepancy increased significantly between childhood and adolescence. Parenting stress, child pain, and child behaviour problems influenced parent proxy‐reports during both childhood and adolescence.InterpretationThe points of view of the child and their parents should be treated as complementary to obtain better knowledge regarding the QoL of children and adolescents with CP.
Cenostigma tocantinum, a new host of Colletotrichum siamense
Authors: Ferreira e Ferreira Ana Francisca Tibúrcia A. , Silva Blenda N. S. , Mota Adolfo J. , Lima Jânia Lília S. B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTrees of Cenostigma tocantinum showing brown leaf spots surrounded by chlorotic areas were observed at the campus of the Federal University of Amazonas, Brazil, in 2018. Necrotic lesions were covered by orange masses of hyaline cylindrical conidia with rounded ends, typical of the genus Colletotrichum. Three monoconidial isolates were subject of DNA extraction followed by PCR amplification and sequencing of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS rDNA), beta‐tubulin 2 (TUB2) and glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) genes. Multilocus phylogenetic analyses and morphological characterization allowed the identification of the isolates as C. siamense, a member of the C. gloeosporioides species complex. The pathogenicity of C. siamense was confirmed, and Koch's postulates completed. This is the first worldwide report of C. siamense causing leaf spots on Ce. tocantinum.
Late‐onset epilepsy and 25‐year cognitive change: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study
Authors: Johnson Emily L. , Krauss Gregory L. , Walker Keenan A. , Brandt Jason , Kucharska‐Newton Anna , Mosley Jr Thomas H. , Yasar Sevil , Gottesman Rebecca F. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryObjectiveTo define the association between late‐onset epilepsy (LOE) and 25‐year change in cognitive performance.MethodsThe Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study is a multicenter longitudinal cohort study with participants from four U.S. communities. From linked Medicare claims, we identified cases of LOE, defined as ≥2 seizure‐related diagnostic codes starting at age ≥67. The ARIC cohort underwent evaluation with in‐person visits at intervals of 3‐15 years. Cognition was evaluated 4 times over >25 years (including before the onset of seizures) using the Delayed Word Recall Test (DWRT), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and Word Fluency Test (WFT); a global z‐score was also calculated. We compared the longitudinal cognitive changes of participants with and without LOE, adjusting for demographics and LOE risk factors.ResultsFrom 8033 ARIC participants with midlife cognitive testing and Medicare claims data available (4523 [56%] female, 1392 [17%] Black), we identified 585 cases of LOE. The rate of cognitive decline was increased on all measures in the participants who developed LOE compared to those without LOE. On the measure of global cognition, participants with LOE declined by −0.43 z‐score points more over 25 years than did participants without epilepsy (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.59 to −0.27). Prior to the onset of seizures, cognitive decline was more rapid on the DWRT, DSST, and global z‐scores in those who would later develop LOE than it was in non‐LOE participants. Results were similar after excluding data from participants with dementia.SignificanceGlobal cognition, verbal memory, executive function, and word fluency declined faster over time in persons developing LOE than without LOE. Declines in cognition preceding LOE suggest these are linked; it will be important to investigate causes for midlife cognitive declines associated with LOE.
Photoplethysmography: A measure for the function of the autonomic nervous system in focal impaired awareness seizures
Authors: El Atrache Rima , Tamilia Eleonora , Mohammadpour Touserkani Fatemeh , Hammond Sarah , Papadelis Christos , Kapur Kush , Jackson Michele , Bucciarelli Bethany , Tsuboyama Melissa , Sarkis Rani A. , Loddenkemper Tobias 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesPhotoplethysmography (PPG) reflects variations of blood perfusion in tissues, which may signify seizure‐related autonomic changes. The aim of this study is to assess the variability of PPG signals and their value in detecting peri‐ictal changes in patients with focal impaired awareness seizures (FIASs).MethodsPPG data were recorded using a wearable sensor placed on the wrist or ankle of children with epilepsy admitted for long‐term video‐electroencephalographic monitoring. We analyzed PPG data in four different periods: seizure‐free, preictal, ictal, and postictal. Multiple features were automatically extracted from the PPG signal—frequency, duration, amplitude, increasing and decreasing slopes, smoothness, and area under the curve (AUC)—and were used to identify preictal, ictal, or postictal changes by comparing them with seizure‐free periods and with each other using a linear mixed‐effects model.ResultsWe studied PPG in 11 patients (18 FIASs), including seizure‐free, preictal, and postictal periods, and a subset of eight patients (12 FIASs) including the ictal period. Compared to the seizure‐free period, we found significant changes in PPG (1) during the ictal period across all features; (2) during the preictal period in amplitude, duration, increasing slope, and AUC; and (3) during the postictal period in decreasing slope.SignificanceSpecific PPG changes can be seen before, during, and after FIASs. The peri‐ictal changes in the PPG features of patients with FIASs suggest potential applications of PPG monitoring for seizure detection.
Rewiring coral: Anthropogenic nutrients shift diverse coral–symbiont nutrient and carbon interactions toward symbiotic algal dominance
Authors: Allgeier Jacob E. , Andskog Mona A. , Hensel Enie , Appaldo Richard , Layman Craig , Kemp Dustin W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractImproving coral reef conservation requires heightened understanding of the mechanisms by which coral cope with changing environmental conditions to maintain optimal health. We used a long‐term (10 month) in situ experiment with two phylogenetically diverse scleractinians (Acropora palmata and Porites porites) to test how coral–symbiotic algal interactions changed under real‐world conditions that were a priori expected to be beneficial (fish‐mediated nutrients) and to be harmful, but non‐lethal, for coral (fish + anthropogenic nutrients). Analyzing nine response variables of nutrient stoichiometry and stable isotopes per coral fragment, we found that nutrients from fish positively affected coral growth, and moderate doses of anthropogenic nutrients had no additional effects. While growing, coral maintained homeostasis in their nutrient pools, showing tolerance to the different nutrient regimes. Nonetheless, structural equation models revealed more nuanced relationships, showing that anthropogenic nutrients reduced the diversity of coral–symbiotic algal interactions and caused nutrient and carbon flow to be dominated by the symbiont. Our findings show that nutrient and carbon pathways are fundamentally “rewired” under anthropogenic nutrient regimes in ways that could increase corals’ susceptibility to further stressors. We hypothesize that our experiment captured coral in a previously unrecognized transition state between mutualism and antagonism. These findings highlight a notable parallel between how anthropogenic nutrients promote symbiont dominance with the holobiont, and how they promote macroalgal dominance at the coral reef scale. Our findings suggest more realistic experimental conditions, including studies across gradients of anthropogenic nutrient enrichment as well as the incorporation of varied nutrient and energy pathways, may facilitate conservation efforts to mitigate coral loss.
The association between number of teeth and physical function limitation among older adults in the USA
Authors: Chalittikul Warut , Kassim Saba , Sabbah Wael 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimTo examine the association between the number of teeth and physical function limitation (PFL), as an indicator of frailty, among older adults in the USA.BackgroundPhysical function limitation is common among the elderly and potentially associated with oral health, particularly the number of extracted teeth.Materials and MethodsData from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2014 (BRFSS, 2014), a cross‐sectional national interview survey of US population, were analyzed. The number of participating older adults aged 65 and over was 158 962. The association between PFL, outcome and number of extracted teeth, demographic data, socio‐economic status, smoking, general health, comorbidity conditions and body mass index (BMI) was assessed using logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe prevalence of PFL was 28%. In the fully adjusted model, the number of extracted teeth had a significant association with PFL: edentulous older adults had higher odds for PFL, (odds ratio [OR]:1.36; 95%CI: 1.22, 1.52). Similarly, those who lost 6 teeth or more but not all were likely to have PFL (OR 1.35: 95% CI: 1.23, 1.48).ConclusionsThere was a significant association between the number of extracted teeth and PFL among US older adults aged 65 and more, based on the data from BRFSS 2014. The findings indicate that losing teeth may be a potential risk for PFL.
How do migrants’ processes of social embedding unfold over time?
Authors: Lubbers Miranda J. , Molina José Luis , Mccarty Christopher 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this article we investigate how migrants’ processes of social (dis‐) embedding in local and transnational contexts unfold over time and illustrate their driving forces. Drawing on unique longitudinal, mixed‐methods social network data of 77 transnational migrants in Barcelona, Spain, we were able to capture changes in social relationships at a micro‐level. We found that migrant embedding is far from a linear process. In many regards, the observed network dynamics are similar to those the literature observed for non‐migrants; for example, the more substantial changes were typically caused by life events. We also found that migrants’ opportunities to form new relationships with natives depended on their positions within their places of residence, which were structured by gender, race and class. These results call into question assumptions of individual agency in integration and assimilation debates. Furthermore, they call for a greater presence of temporality and life course scholarship in research into migrants’ networks.
Analyzing the spatial allocation of Japan’s aid to China: A perspective from the relations between aid allocation stakeholders
Authors: Shao Jing , Wang Maojun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhile the spatial distribution of foreign aid has aroused a widespread academic interest, the existing research is limited mainly to the transnational level and lacks an analysis of aid allocation within a single recipient country. Moreover, more attention is paid to the factors influencing the aid allocation than to the interactions among different aid allocation stakeholders. To fill the research blank, this paper proposes a “three‐party relationship model” to analyze the spatial allocation of aid within a recipient county, and uses the case of Japan's aid to China to validate the model. We find most of the aid has been allocated to the economic infrastructure, over time, and the key aid sector has shifted from economic infrastructure to social infrastructure and general environmental protection; The allocation characteristics of total aid and key aid sectors are various; The spatial allocation pattern of aid reflects an interaction between the donor (Japan) and the recipient country (China). The degree of importance of each aid allocation stakeholder is different at different stages of the total life cycle of aid, and the aid allocation stakeholder relationship in the three‐party relationship model may be constantly reshaped during the allocation processes of aid in space.