bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The $$h^*$$-Polynomials of Locally Anti-Blocking Lattice Polytopes and Their $$\gamma $$-Positivity
Authors: Ohsugi Hidefumi , Tsuchiya Akiyoshi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA lattice polytope$$\mathscr {P} \subset \mathbb {R}^d$$P⊂Rdis called a locally anti-blocking polytope if for any closed orthant$${\mathbb R}^d_{\varepsilon }$$Rεdin$$\mathbb {R}^d$$Rd,$$\mathscr {P} \cap \mathbb {R}^d_{\varepsilon }$$P∩Rεdis unimodularly equivalent to an anti-blocking polytope by reflections of coordinate hyperplanes. We give a formula for the$$h^*$$h∗-polynomials of locally anti-blocking lattice polytopes. In particular, we discuss the$$\gamma $$γ-positivity of$$h^*$$h∗-polynomials of locally anti-blocking reflexive polytopes.
Downscaling daily air-temperature measurements in the Netherlands
Authors: Dirksen Marieke , Knap Wouter H. , Steeneveld Gert-Jan , Holtslag Albert A. M. , Tank Albert M. G. Klein 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHigh-resolution, regularly gridded air-temperature maps are frequently used in climatology, hydrology, and ecology. Within the Netherlands, 34 official automatic weather stations (AWSs) are operated by the National Met Service according to World Meteorological Organization (WMO) standards. Although the measurements are of high quality, the spatial density of the AWSs is not sufficient to reconstruct the temperature on a 1-km-resolution grid. Therefore, a new methodology for daily temperature reconstruction from 1990 to 2017 is proposed, using linear regression and multiple adaptive regression splines. The daily 34 AWS measurements are interpolated using eight different predictors: diurnal temperature range, population density, elevation, albedo, solar irradiance, roughness, precipitation, and vegetation index. Results are cross-validated for the AWS locations and compared with independent citizen weather observations. The RMSE of the reference method ordinary kriging amounts to 2.6 °C whereas using the new methods the RMSE drops below 1.0 °C. Especially for cities, a substantial improvement of the predictions is found. Independent predictions are on average 0.3 °C less biased than ordinary kriging at 40 high-quality citizen measurement sites. With this new method, we have improved the representation of local temperature variations within the Netherlands. The temperature maps presented here can have applications in urban heat island studies, local trend analysis, and model evaluation.
Super-stability in the student-project allocation problem with ties
Authors: Olaosebikan Sofiat , Manlove David 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Student-Project Allocation problem with lecturer preferences over Students (spa-s) involves assigning students to projects based on student preferences over projects, lecturer preferences over students, and the maximum number of students that each project and lecturer can accommodate. This classical model assumes that each project is offered by one lecturer and that preference lists are strictly ordered. Here, we study a generalisation of spa-s where ties are allowed in the preference lists of students and lecturers, which we refer to as the Student-Project Allocation problem with lecturer preferences over Students with Ties (spa-st). We investigate stable matchings under the most robust definition of stability in this context, namely super-stability. We describe the first polynomial-time algorithm to find a super-stable matching or to report that no such matching exists, given an instance of spa-st. Our algorithm runs in O(L) time, where L is the total length of all the preference lists. Finally, we present results obtained from an empirical evaluation of the linear-time algorithm based on randomly-generated spa-st instances. Our main finding is that, whilst super-stable matchings can be elusive when ties are present in the students’ and lecturers’ preference lists, the probability of such a matching existing is significantly higher if ties are restricted to the lecturers’ preference lists.
Structural breaks in the interaction between bank and sovereign default risk
Authors: Lovreta Lidija , López Pascual Joaquín 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe recent financial and sovereign debt crises emphasized the interdependence between bank and sovereign default risk and showed that major shocks may lead to a self-reinforcing negative spiral. In this paper, we analyse the pattern of interaction between bank and sovereign default risk by endogenously estimating the timing of structural breaks. The endogenous approach avoids the problem of choosing the number and the location of important turning points associated with the exogenous selection of break dates, commonly applied in the literature. In addition, it provides additional insight to which (if any) of the many exogenously proposed breaks are of particular importance to one specific economy, which can help policy makers to structure their actions accordingly. Using Spain during the 2008–2012 period as an illustrative example, we find supporting evidence for the three distinctive phases, marked by the breaks in the early-January and mid-May 2010. The three phases are characterized with an evident change in the bank–sovereign interaction, and we detect a bi-directional relationship only during the interim phase, i.e. at the very peak of the European sovereign debt crisis. We show that endogenously identified turning points coincide with important public events that affect investors’ perception about the government’s capacity and willingness to repay debt and support distressed banks. Finally, we provide evidence that structural dependence in the system extends to the interaction between bank and sovereign default risk volatility.
Diagnosis of COVID-19 using multiple antibody assays in two cases with negative PCR results from nasopharyngeal swabs
Authors: Traugott Marianna Theresia , Hoepler Wolfgang , Seitz Tamara , Baumgartner Sebastian , Karolyi Mario , Pawelka Erich , Friese Emanuela , Neuhold Stephanie , Kelani Hasan , Thalhammer Florian , Zoufaly Alexander , Laferl Hermann , Aberle Judith Helene , Wenisch Christoph , Puchhammer-Stöckl Elisabeth , Stiasny Karin , Aberle Stephan Walter , Weseslindtner Lukas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe report of two cases of progressed COVID-19 with negative PCR tests from nasopharyngeal swabs, in whom diagnosis was made by different antibody assays, including a lateral flow rapid test and multiple commercial ELISAs, finally confirmed by comprehensive serological assays. These cases highlight that commercial ELISAs and even rapid tests might significantly aid the diagnosis of COVID-19, particularly, if a combination of serological assays is used with a specific clinical question, in severely ill patients after seroconversion and when comprehensive serological methods are used for confirmation.
Beyond right or wrong: More effective feedback for formative multiple-choice tests
Authors: Ryan Anna , Judd Terry , Swanson David , Larsen Douglas P. , Elliott Simone , Katina Tzanetos Katina , Tzanetos Katina , Kulasegaram Kulamakan 
Published: August 2020

Introduction The role of feedback in test-enhanced learning is an understudied area that has the potential to improve student learning. This study investigates the influence of different forms of post-test feedback on retention and transfer of biomedical knowledge within a test-enhanced learning framework. Methods 64 participants from a Canadian and an Australian medical school sat two single-best-answer formative multiple choice tests one week apart. We compared the effects of conceptually focused, response-oriented, and simple right/wrong feedback on a learner’s ability to correctly answer new (transfer) questions. On the first test occasion, participants received parent items with feedback, and then attempted items closely related (near transfer) to and more distant (far transfer) from parent items. In a repeat test at 1 week, participants were given different near and far transfer versions of parent items. Feedback type, and near and far transfer items were randomized within and across participants. Results Analysis demonstrated that response-oriented and conceptually focused feedback were superior to traditional right/wrong feedback for both types of transfer tasks and in both immediate and final retention test performance. However, there was no statistically significant difference between response-orientated and conceptually focused groups on near or far transfer problems, nor any differences in performance between our initial test occasion and the retention test 1 week later. As with most studies of transfer, participants’ far transfer scores were lower than for near transfer. Discussion Right/wrong feedback appears to have limited potential to augment test-enhanced learning.
National Preferred Interpersonal Distance Curbs the Spread of COVID-19: A Cross-Country Analysis
Authors: Gokmen Yunus , Turen Ufuk , Erdem Haluk , Tokmak İsmail 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:National interpersonal distance preference is considered a cultural characteristic. Interpersonal distance is critical for the spread dynamics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19’s spread trend shows various characteristics in different countries. We believe that 1 of the factors influencing this variation could be national interpersonal distance preference.Methods:We used regression analysis based on data of national interpersonal distance preferences (social, personal, and intimate) presented by Sorokowska et al. and COVID-19 rate of spread data for 40 different countries that were calculated using Our World in Data’s data.Results:National interpersonal distance preferences, with its 3 dimensions, significantly influence the rate of spread of COVID-19 in countries.Conclusion:Understanding the relation between national interpersonal distance preference and spread of COVID-19 might be very useful information in decision-making processes of individuals, societies, and governments to develop culturally well-suited counter-pandemic policies, strategies, and procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic or any epidemic or pandemic threats in the future, instead of standard fit-to-all strategies.
Healthcare worker perception of a global outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and personal protective equipment: Survey of a pediatric tertiary-care hospital
Authors: Piché-Renaud Pierre-Philippe , Groves Helen E. , Kitano Taito , Arnold Callum , Thomas Angela , Streitenberger Laurie , Alexander Laura , Morris Shaun K. , Science Michelle 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjective:In this study, we aimed to capture perspectives of healthcare workers (HCWs) on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and infection prevention and control (IPAC) measures implemented during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.Design:A cross-sectional survey of HCWs.Participants:HCWs from the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.Intervention:A self-administered survey was distributed to HCWs. We analyzed factors influencing HCW knowledge and self-reported use of personal protective equipment (PPE), concerns about contracting COVID-19 and acceptance of the recommended IPAC precautions for COVID-19.Results:In total, 175 HCWs completed the survey between March 6 and March 10: 35 staff physicians (20%), 24 residents or fellows (14%), 72 nurses (41%), 14 respiratory therapists (8%), 14 administration staff (8%), and 14 other employees (8%). Most of the respondents were from the emergency department (n = 58, 33%) and the intensive care unit (n = 58, 33%). Only 86 respondents (50%) identified the correct donning order; only 60 (35%) identified the correct doffing order; but the majority (n = 113, 70%) indicated the need to wash their hands immediately prior to removal of their mask and eye protection. Also, 91 (54%) respondents felt comfortable with recommendations for droplet and/or contact precautions for routine care of patients with COVID-19. HCW occupation and concerns about contracting COVID-19 outside work were associated with nonacceptance of the recommendations (P= .016 andP= .036 respectively).Conclusion:As part of their pandemic response plans, healthcare institutions should have ongoing training for HCWs that focus on appropriate PPE doffing and discussions around modes of transmission of COVID-19.
Inactivation of Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Diverse RNA and DNA Viruses on Three-Dimensionally Printed Surgical Mask Materials
Authors: Welch Jennifer L. , Xiang Jinhua , Mackin Samantha R. , Perlman Stanley , Thorne Peter , O’Shaughnessy Patrick , Strzelecki Brian , Aubin Patrick , Ortiz-Hernandez Monica , Stapleton Jack T. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground:Personal protective equipment (PPE) is a critical need during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Alternative sources of surgical masks, including 3-dimensionally (3D) printed approaches that may be reused, are urgently needed to prevent PPE shortages. Few data exist identifying decontamination strategies to inactivate viral pathogens and retain 3D-printing material integrity.Objective:To test viral disinfection methods on 3D-printing materials.Methods:The viricidal activity of common disinfectants (10% bleach, quaternary ammonium sanitizer, 3% hydrogen peroxide, or 70% isopropanol and exposure to heat (50°C, and 70°C) were tested on four 3D-printed materials used in the healthcare setting, including a surgical mask design developed by the Veterans’ Health Administration. Inactivation was assessed for several clinically relevant RNA and DNA pathogenic viruses, including severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1).Results:SARS-CoV-2 and all viruses tested were completely inactivated by a single application of bleach, ammonium quaternary compounds, or hydrogen peroxide. Similarly, exposure to dry heat (70°C) for 30 minutes completely inactivated all viruses tested. In contrast, 70% isopropanol reduced viral titers significantly less well following a single application. Inactivation did not interfere with material integrity of the 3D-printed materials.Conclusions:Several standard decontamination approaches effectively disinfected 3D-printed materials. These approaches were effective in the inactivation SARS-CoV-2, its surrogates, and other clinically relevant viral pathogens. The decontamination of 3D-printed surgical mask materials may be useful during crisis situations in which surgical mask supplies are limited.
Digitizing Premodern Text with the Chinese Text Project
Authors: Sturgeon Donald 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe widespread availability of digitized premodern textual sources – together with increasingly sophisticated means for their manipulation – has brought enormous practical benefits to scholars whose work relies upon reference to their contents. While great progress has been made with the construction of ever more comprehensive database systems and archives, far more remains not only possible but also realistically achievable in the near future. This paper discusses some of the key challenges faced, and progress made towards solving them, in the context of a widely used open digital platform attempting to expand the range of digitized sources available while simultaneously increasing the scope of meaningful tasks that can be performed with them computationally. This paper aims to suggest how seemingly simple human-mediated additions to the digitized historical record – when combined with the power of digital systems to repeatedly perform mechanical tasks at enormous scales – quickly lead to transformative changes in the feasible scope of computational analysis of premodern writing.
Harvesting Big Biographical Data for Chinese History: The China Biographical Database (CBDB)
Authors: Tsui Lik Hang , Wang Hongsu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBiographies constitute the main historical record of China. The China Biographical Database (CBDB) is an important project that tackles this vast biographical material with digital technologies. With both online and offline versions, CBDB is meant to be useful for statistical, social network, and spatial analysis, as well as serving as biographical reference. Through the wide range of data it collects through mining historical texts and reference sources, CBDB offers multiple ways to examine the lives of past groups and individuals in Chinese history. The use of CBDB data for prosopographical and other types of analysis has generated important work that interprets Chinese history in new ways, and has also fostered new forms of digital humanities collaborations. This article introduces the history of the CBDB project and its methods for populating its biographical data. It also presents the ways that historians and other scholars could utilize its data for research and teaching.
Primary Sourcing: the Ten Thousand Rooms Platform for Digital Annotation of Primary Source Images
Authors: Frisch Nicholas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Ten Thousand Rooms Project offers a modern digital solution to an age-old scholarly problem: a platform for annotating source texts for easy reference and retrieval, while facilitating easy access to original sources. Individuals or groups can upload scans of primary sources and annotate over the image, in multiple layers, toggling annotations on or off per research and reading needs. The project is hosted by Yale University.
Local Gazetteers Research Tools: Overview and Research Application
Authors: Chen Shih-Pei , Hammond Kenneth J. , Gerritsen Anne , Wu Shellen , Zhang Jiajing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article gives an overview of the Local Gazetteers Research Tools (LoGaRT), including its development, technical features, methodology, and examples of research applications by members of the Tu 圖 working group. The use of LoGaRT is illustrated with four brief introductions to projects that draw on visual materials from the local gazetteers, including ritual-related illustrations, city layout maps, and maps with western cartographic features. See the websites for more detailed information on LoGaRT and other research projects using it.1
The IntCal20 Approach to Radiocarbon Calibration Curve Construction: A New Methodology Using Bayesian Splines and Errors-in-Variables
Authors: Heaton Timothy J , Blaauw Maarten , Blackwell Paul G , Bronk Ramsey Christopher , Reimer Paula J , Scott E Marian 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTTo create a reliable radiocarbon calibration curve, one needs not only high-quality data but also a robust statistical methodology. The unique aspects of much of the calibration data provide considerable modeling challenges and require a made-to-measure approach to curve construction that accurately represents and adapts to these individualities, bringing the data together into a single curve. For IntCal20, the statistical methodology has undergone a complete redesign, from the random walk used in IntCal04, IntCal09 and IntCal13, to an approach based upon Bayesian splines with errors-in-variables. The new spline approach is still fitted using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) but offers considerable advantages over the previous random walk, including faster and more reliable curve construction together with greatly increased flexibility and detail in modeling choices. This paper describes the new methodology together with the tailored modifications required to integrate the various datasets. For an end-user, the key changes include the recognition and estimation of potential over-dispersion in14C determinations, and its consequences on calibration which we address through the provision of predictive intervals on the curve; improvements to the modeling of rapid14C excursions and reservoir ages/dead carbon fractions; and modifications made to, hopefully, ensure better mixing of the MCMC which consequently increase confidence in the estimated curve.
Importing the Human Factor into Safe Human–Robot Interaction Function Using the Bond Graph Method
Authors: Cheng Po-Jen , Ting Hsiang-Yuan , Huang Han-Pang 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARYThe variable stiffness actuator (VSA) is helpful to realize the post-collision safety strategies for safe human–robot interaction.1 The stiffness of the robot will be reduced to protect the user from injury when the collision between the robot and human occurs. However, The VSA has a mechanism limit constraint that can cause harm to users even if the stiffness is minimized. Accordingly, in this article, a concept combining danger index and robust fault detection and isolation is presented and applied to active–passive variable stiffness elastic actuator (APVSEA). APVSEA can actively change joint stiffness with the change of danger index. Experimental results show that this concept can effectively confirm the fault mode and provide additional protection measures to ensure the safety of users when the joint stiffness has been adjusted to the minimum.
Risk factors of severe cases with COVID-19: a meta-analysis
Authors: Ou Mingchun , Zhu Jieyun , Ji Pan , Li Hongyuan , Zhong Zhimei , Li Bocheng , Pang Jielong , Zhang Jianfeng , Zheng Xiaowen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Our study aimed to systematically analyse the risk factors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with severe disease. An electronic search in eight databases to identify studies describing severe or critically ill COVID-19 patients from 1 January 2020 to 3 April 2020. In the end, we meta-analysed 40 studies involving 5872 COVID-19 patients. The average age was higher in severe COVID-19 patients (weighted mean difference; WMD = 10.69, 95%CI 7.83–13.54). Patients with severe disease showed significantly lower platelet count (WMD = −18.63, 95%CI −30.86 to −6.40) and lymphocyte count (WMD = −0.35, 95%CI −0.41 to −0.30) but higher C-reactive protein (CRP; WMD = 42.7, 95%CI 31.12–54.28), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; WMD = 137.4, 95%CI 105.5–169.3), white blood cell count（WBC), procalcitonin（PCT）, D-dimer, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatinine（Cr）. Similarly, patients who died showed significantly higher WBC, D-dimer, ALT, AST and Cr but similar platelet count and LDH as patients who survived. These results indicate that older age, low platelet count, lymphopenia, elevated levels of LDH, ALT, AST, PCT, Cr and D-dimer are associated with severity of COVID-19 and thus could be used as early identification or even prediction of disease progression.
Reasons Internalism and the Problem of Depression
Authors: Spaid Andrew 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article looks at a version of the “too-few-reasons” problem for reasons internalism stemming from the existence of cases of clinical depression. People with clinical depression lack motivation to do things like go to work or seek treatment for their depression. Internalism appears committed to saying that such people lack reasons to do these things since internalism makes having reasons depend on having motivations. But, intuitively, depressed people do have reasons to do them. This article considers a number of possible solutions to this problem, such as that depressed people have actual or ideal desires which explain their reasons, and argues that these solutions do not succeed.