bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Failure mechanism of the large‐section roadway under mined zones in the ultra‐thick coal seam and its control technology
Authors: Tai Yang , Xia Hongchun , Meng Xiangbin , Kuang Tiejun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAiming at serious deformation and failure of large‐section coal roadway under mined zones in ultra‐thick coal seam, its deformation and failure characteristics are analyzed based on the field measurement. This paper reveals the mechanism of roadway roof separation, roof leakage, and right rib extrusion. Based on the mechanism, two kinds of secondary support schemes are proposed, that is, “grouting + I‐steel support + bolt” (scheme I) and “grouting + U steel support + anchor + anchor cable” (scheme II). The industrial experiment is carried out at 1070 auxiliary transportation roadway in Tashan Coal Mine. The measured results show that the roadway roof separations of the secondary support scheme I and II are only 1/11 and 1/46 of the original support scheme, respectively, while the lateral displacements of the roadway are only 1/7 and 1/44 of the original support scheme. It could be seen that the deformation and failure of the roadway surrounding rock have been well controlled.
Die Bauinstallationen im Baulos SBT 3.1
Authors: Kessler Gernot , Klais Frank , Reiterer Markus 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOn contract SBT3.1 of the Semmering Base Tunnel, the intermediate access point at Grautschenhof had to be relocated late in the tender design phase due to new geological findings. One consequence of this was the limited space available on the new construction site area. A number of complementary measures were considered by the client in the tender. Supplemented by innovative technical solutions from the SBT 3.1 Grautschenhof joint venture, it was possible to establish a functioning logistics system for four conventional excavations in the tightest of spaces.
Nachbrüche im Nahbereich von Störungen – Geotechnische Ursachen und Identifikation
Authors: Gschwandtner Gunter Gernot , Lenz Gerold , Wagner Oliver Kai 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Semmering Base Tunnel with a total length of 27.3 km is being excavated from the Gloggnitz portal as well as from three intermediate faces at Göstritz, Fröschnitzgraben and Grautschenhof. The geological conditions of the project are characterized by tectonically extremely complex rock formations with difficult geotechnical conditions. The excavation passes through numerous fault zones with deep overburden. During the excavation works, some large‐volume collapses occurred. In this article, the collapse events are reconstructed from the available geological and geotechnical information. The reconstruction of the observed system behaviour is based on analytical and numerical calculations. The aim is to identify the respective failure mechanisms.
Networks for studies on reproductive and perinatal health: Searching for a consensus
Authors: Zotareli Vilma , Souza Renato T. , Cecatti José G. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo address the essential characteristics of a network and aspects related to network sustainability.MethodA descriptive study based on a two‐round Delphi survey was conducted from 2016 to 2018. Researchers participating in maternal and perinatal health networks were identified by searching PubMed for network‐based publications and invited to complete a two‐round Delphi questionnaire by email.ResultsAmong 529 eligible researchers identified, 54 (10.2%) and 46 (8.7%) responses were received in the first and second rounds, respectively. A consensus on 13 of 21 [OK] questions, and 5 of 10 questions was achieved in the first and second rounds, respectively. The results indicated that a responsible leader is required, and both coordinators and members have a role in decision‐making within the network. Good communication and periodic face‐to‐face meetings are key factors in sustainability and motivation. Rules for secure access to the network database and definition of authorship of scientific papers are essential. Mentioning the name of the network in publications is important for strengthening its activities and the obtainment of funds.ConclusionAlthough operational characteristics of the network may differ according to setting and collaborators, homogeneous and essential network characteristics were identified.
EFFECT OF A ROOT‐ZONE INJECTION IRRIGATION METHOD ON WATER PRODUCTIVITY AND APPLE PRODUCTION IN A SEMI‐ARID REGION IN NORTH‐WESTERN CHINA
Authors: Wang Yan‐Ping , Zhang Lin‐Sen , Mu Yan , Liu Wei‐Hong , Guo Fu‐Xing , Chang Tian‐Ran 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWithin the Chinese Loess Plateau, water resources are scarce and irrigation efficiency is a challenging issue. Traditional surface drip irrigation (SDI) methods have failed to improve irrigation efficiency and reduce surface evaporation in the region. An easy‐to‐install and practicable root‐zone injection irrigation (RII) method, with a low risk of emitter clogging and which uses subsurface infiltration‐promoting apparatuses (SIPA) to deliver water directly to the root zone, was designed and tested in an apple orchard over 3 years in northern Shaanxi, China. In the 0–0.6 m soil layer (where the apple roots are concentrated), the RII method produced consistently higher soil water content than the SDI method over all three growing seasons. The soil water content was consistently higher than 60% of field capacity, thus meeting the water requirements of fruit‐bearing apple trees. In addition, the RII method alleviated soil desiccation, significantly increased apple yields and improved fruit quality compared with the SDI method using the same volume of irrigation water. Both irrigation efficiency and water‐use efficiency were improved with the RII method. These results provide a theoretical basis for the utilization of the RII irrigation method in apple orchards in semi‐arid regions, which may improve water conservation and the sustainability of apple production. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multifunctional long‐term release system for treatment of hypothyroidism
Authors: Kutlu Kaya Ceren , Gümrükçü Selin , Saraç Abdulkadir Sezai , Kök Fatma Neşe 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHypothyroidism is an autoimmune disease associated with underactive thyroid gland. In this study, a dual effect polymeric system was designed to release Cepharanthine (CEP) to block T cell activation and Selenium (Se) to decrease the anti‐thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) concentration in order to treat hypothyroidism. For this purpose, poly(ethylene‐vinyl acetate) (PEVA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) nanoparticles (NPs) including CEP were synthesized by emulsion solvent evaporation method and they were loaded to polyurethane (PU)/PEG‐PUSe‐PEG block copolymer blends which were fabricated by particulate leaching technique as porous sponges. Fourier‐Transform Infrared (FTIR), Raman, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis showed successful synthesis of PEG‐PUSe‐PEG block copolymer. A long‐term zero‐order release profile was obtained for CEP. Se release rate from matrices showed an oxidative stress‐mediated release which can be used to adjust Se amount. According to MTS results conducted by NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, both NPs and matrices have no adverse effect on cell viability. Fluorescence microscopy and SEM images confirm the MTS results. The dual release system has potential to be effectively used in long‐term treatment of hypothyroidism by addressing both auto‐immune response and hormone regulation.
Taxonomic study of one generic and two new species record to the flora of Pakistan using multiple microscopic techniques
Authors: Bahadur Saraj , Ahmad Mushtaq , Zafar Muhammad , Gul Saba , Ayaz Asma , Ashfaq Shomaila , Rubab Saima , Shuaib Muhammad , Ahmad Shakil 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRecent field exploration and collections has led to the findings of several new species in Pakistan. Here we reported two new species Ajuga reptance L and Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Prusk for the first time in Pakistan flora as these species were neither listed in any other literature nor identified before in Pakistan. These species were found as a result of taxonomic studies performed in the year 2019 in District Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan. Microscopic techniques were used for the confirmation of foliar epidermal and pollen micromorphological features. Detailed study (morphological, palynological, and foliar epidermal) was provided for the correct identification and delimitation of the species using both light and scanning electron microscopy. Morphological results were compared with the flora of Taiwan and China.
Genetic counselor and proxy patient perceptions of genetic counselor responses to prenatal patient self‐disclosure requests: Skillfulness is in the eye of the beholder
Authors: Greve Veronica , Veach Patricia McCarthy , LeRoy Bonnie S. , MacFarlane Ian M. , Redlinger‐Grosse Krista 
Published: December 2019

AbstractResearch demonstrates some genetic counselors self‐disclose while others do not when patients’ request self‐disclosure. Limited psychotherapy research suggestsskillfulnessmatters more thantypeof counselor response. This survey research assessed perceived skillfulness of genetic counselor self‐disclosures and non‐disclosures. Genetic counselors (n = 147) and proxy patients, women from the public (n = 201), read a hypothetical prenatal genetic counseling scenario and different counselor responses to the patient's question,What would you do if you were me?Participants were randomized either to a self‐disclosure study (Study 1) or non‐disclosure study (Study 2) and, respectively, rated the skillfulness of five personal disclosures and five professional disclosures or five decline to disclose and five redirecting non‐disclosures. Counselor responses in both studies varied by intention (corrective, guiding, interpretive, literal, or reassuring). Participants also described what they thought made a response skillful. A three‐way mixed ANOVA in both studies analyzed skillfulness ratings as a function of sample (proxy patient, genetic counselor), response type (personal, professional self‐disclosure, or redirecting, declining non‐disclosure), and response intention. Both studies found a significant three‐way interaction and strong main effect for response intention. Responses rated highest in skillfulness by both genetic counselors and proxy patients in Study 1 were a guiding personal self‐disclosure and a personal reassuring self‐disclosure. The response rated highest in skillfulness by both samples in Study 2 was a redirecting non‐disclosure with a reassuring intention. Proxy patients in both studies rated all literal responses as more skillful than genetic counselors. Participants’ commonly described a skillful response as offering guidance and/or reassurance. Counselor intentions and response type appear to influence perceptions, and counselors and patients may not always agree in their perceptions. Consistent with models of practice (e.g., Reciprocal‐Engagement Model), genetic counselors generally should aim to convey support and guidance in their responses to prenatal patient self‐disclosure requests.
Synergistic Cytotoxicity Of Shikonin‐Silver Nanoparticles As An Opportunity For Lung Cancer
Authors: Fayez Hend , El‐Motaleb Mohamed Abd , Selim Adli Abdullah 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe combined action of shikonin and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for apoptosis in human cancer cells has not been elucidated. Hence, we investigated the synergistic combinatorial effect of shikonin and AgNPs in human lung cancer cells. Shikonin was used as a reducing and capping agent for AgNPs synthesis as a green method avoiding the hazards of chemical methods. Radiolabeling of shikonin‐AgNPs with radioactive iodine forming [131I]I‐Shikonin‐AgNPs was carried out to enable the intracellular tracking of NPs. The antitumor effect of a combined treatment (shikonin‐AgNPs) was evaluated using tissue culture assay. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of SHK‐AgNPs on A549 cells after 24 hours determined by an MTT assay is 2.4 ± 0.11 μg/mL. As a deduction, this study revealed that the combination of shikonin and AgNPs treatment significantly inhibited cell viability and proliferation of A549 cells (human lung carcinoma cell line) with a great potential than the monotherapy.
Analysis of the chemical components of Qixianqingming granules and their metabolites in rats by UPLC‐ESI‐Q‐TOF‐MS
Authors: Zhang Bei , Li Mo Ying , Luo Xu Ming , Wang Xiong Biao , Wu Tong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractQixianqingming granules (QXQM) comprise a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula that was developed based on the combination of TCM theory and clinical practice. This formula has been proven to effectively treat asthma. In this study, an analytical procedure using ultraperformance liquid chromatography, coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, was established for the rapid separation and sensitive identification of the chemical components in QXQM and its metabolites in serum of rats. Seventy‐two compounds were systematically identified in QXQM, including flavonoids, terpenoids, anthraquinones, phenylethanoid glycosides, stilbenes, alkaloids, and organic acids. Thirteen prototype compounds and 29 metabolites were detected in the serum of rats. The results provided fundamental information for further studying the mechanisms and clinical application of QXQM.
Accelerated characteristic basis functions generation of large block with Sherman‐Morrison‐Woodbury algorithm and characteristic basis function method
Authors: Fang Xiaoxing , Cao Qunsheng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA better compression rate of the characteristic basis function method (CBFM) can be obtained by increasing the block size to generate the characteristic basis functions (CBFs). However, it has been heavy to generate the CBFs for electrically large‐size blocks in the case of multiple excitations with traditional CBFM. In this paper, a novel computing scheme, accelerated generation method that combined the traditional CBFM with the Sherman‐Morrison‐Woodbury algorithm (SMWA) is proposed to generate CBFs and calculate the reduced impedance matrix. Furthermore, a recursive process of the computing scheme is introduced to accelerate the performance. Finally, the computational results are validated and performed that the proposal method is more effective than the conventional methods.
Regional specificity of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) effects on spatial‐numerical associations: Comparison of four stimulation sites
Authors: Schroeder Philipp A. , Artemenko Christina , Cipora Krzysztof , Svaldi Jennifer 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBased on a theory of impulsive and reflective human behavior, we test the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting either prefrontal or parietal cortex in either hemisphere. In a confirmatory registered report, cathodal tDCS is administered to conceptually reproduce tDCS modulations of implicit spatial‐numerical associations, numerical distance effects, and response inhibition. Those cognitive operations are hypothesized to draw on left prefrontal, parietal, and right prefrontal activations, respectively, thereby susceptible to inhibitory, cathodal tDCS across those regions. Vice versa, the mutual regional and behavioral specificity of tDCS effects on these behavioral indices is examined and expected to produce double dissociations. In a mixed within‐subjects (baseline, during tDCS, post‐tDCS) and between‐subjects (target electrode: left/right prefrontal cortex/posterior parietal cortex, or sham tDCS) design, we collect (a) confirmatory data on the robustness of cathodal tDCS effects on three behavioral effects and (b) differential data on the specificity of regional targets in male and female human participants. Results will provide crucial tests of theories of cortical organization implied by implicit associations and explicit regulation, which can direct future brain stimulation studies.
Factors related to re‐excision procedures following primary breast‐conserving surgery for women with breast cancer in the U.S. Military Health System
Authors: Eaglehouse Yvonne L. , Georg Matthew W. , Jatoi Ismail , Shriver Craig D. , Zhu Kangmin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesRe‐excision surgery is undertaken to obtain clear margins after breast‐conserving surgery (BCS) for localized breast cancer. This study examines patient and tumor characteristics related to re‐excision surgery in the universal‐access Military Health System (MHS).MethodsRetrospective analysis of patients with pathologically confirmed stage I‐III breast cancer between 1998 and 2014 in the Department of Defense Central Cancer Registry and MHS Data Repository–linked databases who received primary BCS. Multivariable stepwise logistic regression methods identified characteristics associated with re‐excision surgery (lumpectomy and mastectomy) and conversion to mastectomy, given as adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsOf 7637 women receiving BCS, 26.3% had a re‐excision and 9.9% converted to mastectomy. Tumor location, larger tumor size (≥4 cm), and regional lymph node involvement were associated with a greater likelihood of re‐excision and mastectomy conversion. Pathology before BCS (AOR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.35, 0.44 for re‐excision) and neoadjuvant treatment (AOR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.36, 0.69 for re‐excision) were associated with a decreased likelihood of these outcomes. Additionally, age, tumor histology, and military‐specific variables were associated with mastectomy conversion.ConclusionComprehensive preoperative workup, including tumor pathology, may better inform surgical decision‐making and reduce re‐excision rates.
Organ‐saving surgery for rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiation: Analysis of failures and long‐term results
Authors: Cosimelli Maurizio , Ursi Pietro , Mancini Raffaello , Pattaro Giada , Perri Pasquale , Parrino Chiara , De Peppo Valerio , Diodoro Maria Grazia , Balla Andrea , Grazi Gian Luca 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo analyze long‐term results and risk of relapse in the clinical TNM stages II and III, mid‐low rectal cancer patients (RC pts), treated with transanal local excision (LE) after major response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation (n‐CRT).MethodsThirty‐two out of 345 extraperitoneal cT3–4 or N+ RC pts (9.3%) underwent LE. Inclusion criteria: extraperitoneal RC, adenocarcinoma, ECOG Performance Status ≤2. Pts with distant metastases were excluded.ResultsAll pts showed histologically clear margins of resection and 81.2% were restaged ypT0/mic/1. Nine out of 32 (28.1%) pts relapsed: 7 (21.8%) showed a local recurrence, of which 5 (15.6%) at the endorectal suture, 1 (3.1%) pelvic and 1 (3.1%) mesorectal. Two pts (6.2%) relapsed distantly. Among the pT0/1, 11.5% relapsed vs 100% of the pT2 and pT4 ones. The six pts relapsing locally or in the mesorectal fat underwent a salvage total mesorectal excision surgery. The old patient with pelvic recurrence relapsed after 108 months and underwent a re‐irradiation; the two pts with distant metastases were treated with chemotherapy followed by radical surgery.ConclusionsPresently combined approach seems a valid option in major responders, confirming its potential curative impact in the ypT0/mic/1 pts. A strict selection of pts is basic to obtain favourable results.
Alleviation Effects and Mechanisms of Low‐intensity Focused Ultrasound on Pain Triggered by Soft Tissue Injury
Authors: Liang Dandan , Chen Jinyun , Zhou Weichen , Chen Junlin , Chen Wenzhi , Wang Yan 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesPain caused by soft tissue injury (STI) is always intractable and will eventually result in physical and psychological problems. This experiment aimed to assess the efficacy and mechanisms of low‐intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) for pain‐related STI.MethodsRabbits (n = 30) with STI were given fixed treatment for 20 seconds and then mobile treatment for 60 seconds daily for 10 consecutive days by an LIFU device with a power output of 5 to 6 W and a frequency of 0.8 MHz. To evaluate the degree of pain, the levels of β‐endorphin in serum were measured by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay before and 5 to 10 minutes after the 1st, 3rd, 7th, and 10th treatments. The pain threshold was measured by an electronic analgesy meter on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 10th, 17th, and 24th days after the start of the treatment. To investigate inflammation, prostaglandin E2, interleukin‐1β, and 5‐hydroxytryptamine levels were detected by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and nuclear factor κB messenger RNA levels were determined by a real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction at the same time as the pain threshold was tested.ResultsCompared with non‐LIFU groups, β‐endorphin levels and pain thresholds were significantly increased (P < .05), whereas nuclear factor‐ κB messenger RNA, prostaglandin E2, interleukin‐ 1β, and 5‐hydroxytryptamine levels were significantly reduced (P < .05) after LIFU treatment in rabbits with STI.ConclusionsLow‐intensity focused ultrasound can alleviate pain induced by STI and could have further clinical applications.
Seed quality and the effect of introducing Cicer echinospermum to improve disease and pest resistance in desi chickpea
Authors: Wood Jennifer A. , Knights Edmund J. , Harden Steven , Hobson Kristy B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe utilisation and consumption of food crops for human nutrition demand acceptable seed quality traits to enable efficient processing into food products. Desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a staple food of the Indian subcontinent, and domestication has led to cultivars with seeds that are an acceptable size, colour, and shape, easy to mill, and quick to hydrate and cook. Domestication has also severely restricted the gene pool, so breeders are looking to “wild” chickpea relatives as sources of novel genes that may provide agronomic benefits such as disease and pest resistance. Cicer echinospermum (a“wild” relative of cultivated chickpea with black, echinate seeds) was used in the breeding programme to introgress phytophthora root rot and root‐lesion nematode resistance genes into adapted C. arietinum backgrounds. The resulting C. echinospermum derivative lines were compared with commercial desi cultivars to examine any effects on seed quality attributes. The C. echinospermum derivatives had similar visual seed characteristics to the C. arietinum cultivars with, on average, lower milling performance and quicker cooking times; however, a few individual derivative lines met or exceeded the average cultivar milling performance. This paper shows the quality variation within the C. echinospermum derivatives, compares them with commercial desi cultivars, and confirms their potential to improve disease resistance whilst retaining the basic seed quality traits important for commercialisation and exporting new cultivars.