bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of two different nasal CPAP levels for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants—“The OPTTIMMAL-Trial”—Optimizing PEEP To The IMMAture Lungs: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Waitz Markus , Engel Corinna , Schloesser Rolf , Rochwalsky Ulrich , Meyer Sascha , Larsen Alexander , Hoffmann Paul , Zemlin Michael , Bohnhorst Bettina , Peter Corinna , Hoppenz Marc , Pabst Thomas , Zimmer Klaus-Peter , Franz Axel R. , Haertel Christoph , Frieauff Eric , Sandkötter Julia , Masjosthusmann Katja , Deindl Philipp , Singer Dominique , Heidkamp Melanie , Schmidt Annesuse , Ehrhardt Harald 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) applies positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and has been shown to reduce the need for intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation in very low birth weight infants with respiratory distress syndrome. However, CPAP failure rates of 50% are reported in large randomized controlled trials. A possible explanation for these failure rates is the application of insufficient low levels of PEEP during nasal CPAP treatment to maintain adequate functional residual capacity shortly after birth. The optimum PEEP level to treat symptoms of respiratory distress in very low birth weight infants has not been assessed in clinical studies. The aim of the study is to compare two different PEEP levels during nasal CPAP treatment in preterm infants.

Methods
In this randomized multicenter trial, 216 preterm infants born at 26 + 0–29 + 6 gestational weeks will be allocated to receive a higher (6–8 cmH2O) or a lower (3–5 cmH2O) PEEP during neonatal resuscitation and the first 120 h of life. The PEEP level within each group will be titrated throughout the intervention based on the FiO2 (fraction of inspired oxygen concentration) requirements to keep oxygenation within the target range. The primary outcome is defined as the need for intubation and mechanical ventilation for > 1 h or being not ventilated but reaching one of the two pre-defined CPAP failure criteria (FiO2 > 0.5 for > 1 h or pCO2 ≥ 70 mmHg in two consecutive blood gas analyses at least 2 h apart).

Discussion
Based on available data from the literature, the optimum level of PEEP that most effectively treats respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants is unknown, since the majority of large clinical trials applied a wide range of PEEP levels (4–8 cmH2O). The rationale for our study hypothesis is that the early application of a higher PEEP level will more effectively counteract the collapsing properties of the immature and surfactant-deficient lungs and that the level of inspired oxygen may serve as a surrogate marker to guide PEEP titration. Finding the optimum noninvasive continuous distending pressure during early nasal CPAP is required to improve CPAP efficacy and as a consequence to reduce the exposure to ventilator-induced lung injury and the incidence of chronic lung disease in this vulnerable population of very preterm infants.

Trial registration
drks.de DRKS00019940. Registered on March 13, 2020
Research transparency promotion by surgical journals publishing randomised controlled trials: a survey
Authors: Lombard N. , Gasmi A. , Sulpice L. , Boudjema K. , Naudet F. , Bergeat D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe surgical journals’ position statements on data-sharing policies (primary objective) and to describe key features of their research transparency promotion.MethodsOnly “SURGICAL” journals with an impact factor higher than 2 (Web of Science) were eligible for the study. They were included, if there were explicit instructions for clinical trial publication in the official instructions for authors (OIA) or if they had published randomised controlled trial (RCT) between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2018. The primary outcome was the existence of a data-sharing policy included in the instructions for authors. Data-sharing policies were grouped into 3 categories, inclusion of data-sharing policy mandatory, optional, or not available. Details on research transparency promotion were also collected, namely the existence of a “prospective registration of clinical trials requirement policy”, a conflict of interests (COIs) disclosure requirement, and a specific reference to reporting guidelines, such as CONSORT for RCT.ResultsAmong the 87 surgical journals identified, 82 were included in the study: 67 (82%) had explicit instructions for RCT and the remaining 15 (18%) had published at least one RCT. The median impact factor was 2.98 [IQR = 2.48–3.77], and in 2016 and 2017, the journals published a median of 11.5 RCT [IQR = 5–20.75].The OIA of four journals (5%) stated that the inclusion of a data-sharing statement was mandatory, optional in 45% (n = 37), and not included in 50% (n = 41).No association was found between journal characteristics and the existence of data-sharing policies (mandatory or optional). A “prospective registration of clinical trials requirement” was associated with International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) allusion or affiliation and higher impact factors. Journals with specific RCT instructions in their OIA and journals referenced on the ICMJE website more frequently mandated the use of CONSORT guidelines.ConclusionResearch transparency promotion is still limited in surgical journals. Standardisation of journal requirements according to ICMJE guidelines could be a first step forward for research transparency promotion in surgery.
Host plasticity supports spread of an aquaculture introduced virus to an ecosystem engineer
Authors: Bookelaar Babette , Lynch Sharon A. , Culloty Sarah C. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
The common cockle Cerastoderma edule plays an important ecological role in the marine ecosystem both as an infaunal engineer (reef forming and bioturbation) and a food source for protected bird species in its European range. Cockle beds are found in close proximity to aquaculture and fisheries operations, which can be “hot spots” for infectious agents including viruses and bacteria. Ostreid herpesvirus-1 microVar (OsHV-1 μVar) has spread to many Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas culture sites globally, where it has been associated with significant mortalities in this cultured bivalve. Knowledge on the impact of the virus on the wider
ecosystem, is limited. As the likelihood of released virus dispersing into the wider aquatic ecosystem is high, the plasticity of the virus and the susceptibility of C. edule to act as hosts or carriers is unknown.

Methods
In this study, wild C. edule were sampled biweekly at two C. gigas culture sites over a four-month period during the summer when OsHV-1 μVar prevalence is at its highest in oysters. C. edule were screened for the virus molecularly (PCR, qPCR and Sanger sequencing) and visually (in situ hybridisation (ISH)). The cockle’s ability to act as a carrier and transmit OsHV-1 μVar to the oyster host at a temperature of 14 ℃, when the virus is considered to be dormant until water temperatures exceed 16 ℃, was also assessed in laboratory transmission trials.

Results
The results demonstrated that OsHV-1 μVar was detected in all C. edule size/age cohorts, at both culture sites. In the laboratory, viral transmission was effected from cockles to naïve oysters for the first time, five days post-exposure. The laboratory study also demonstrated that OsHV-1 μVar was active and was successfully transmitted from the C. edule at lower temperatures.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that OsHV-1 μVar has the plasticity to infect the keystone species C. edule and highlights the possible trophic transmission of the virus from cockles to their mobile top predators. This scenario would have important implications, as a greater geographical range expansion of this significant pathogen via migratory bird species may have an impact on other species that reside in bird habitats most of which are special areas of conservation.
False positive antigen test for Dirofilaria immitis after heat treatment of the blood sample in a microfilaremic dog infected with Acanthocheilonema dracunculoides
Authors: Szatmári Viktor , van Leeuwen Martin Willem , Piek Christine Jantine , Venco Luigi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Dirofilaria immitis is responsible for heartworm disease in dogs in endemic areas worldwide. Screening for this infection is done by blood tests. Antigen testing is the most sensitive method to detect an infection with adult (female) worms. Microscopic examination of a blood smear or Knott’s test can be used to detect circulating microfilariae, the infective larvae. To increase the sensitivity of the antigen test by decreasing the false negative test results, heating of the blood sample has been recommended in recent guidelines. Heating is believed to remove blocking immune-complexes. Circulating microfilariae are not specific findings for heartworm infection, as other nematodes (among others, Acanthocheilonema dracunculoides) can also result in microfilaremia. Although the type of microfilariae cannot be determined by microscopy alone, real-time PCR can reliably identify the infecting nematode species. Correct identification of the parasite is of major importance, as an infection with D. immitis requires antiparasitic therapy, whereas A. dracunculoides is thought to be a clinically irrelevant coincidental finding. The present case report describes a microfilaremic dog where the initial antigen test for D. immitis turned positive after heat treatment, whereas real-time PCR revealed that the microfilariae were A. dracunculoides (syn. Dipetalonema dracunculoides).

Results
A circa 5-year old, asymptomatic Spanish mastiff dog was referred for heartworm therapy because microfilariae were found via a screening blood test. The dog was recently imported to the Netherlands from Spain, where it had been a stray dog. Antigen tests on a plasma sample for D. immitis were performed with three different test kits, which all turned out to be negative. However, heat treatment of two of these samples were carried out and both of them led to a positive antigen test result. Real-time PCR showed that the circulating microfilariae belonged to A. dracunculoides species. Three administrations of moxidectin spot-on at monthly intervals resulted in a negative antigen and a negative Knott’s tests one month after the last treatment.

Conclusions
We conclude that heat treatment of initially negative blood samples for D. immitis could lead to false positive antigen test results if the dog is infected with A. dracunculoides.
Risk factors for Aedes aegypti household pupal persistence in longitudinal entomological household surveys in urban and rural Kenya
Authors: Ngugi Harun N. , Nyathi Sindiso , Krystosik Amy , Ndenga Bryson , Mbakaya Joel O. , Aswani Peter , Musunzaji Peter S. , Irungu Lucy W. , Bisanzio Donal , Kitron Uriel , Desiree LaBeaud A. , Mutuku Francis 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAedes aegyptiis an efficient vector of several arboviruses of public health importance, including Zika and dengue. Currently vector management is the only available avenue for disease control. Development of efficient vector control strategies requires a thorough understanding of vector ecology. In this study, we identified households that are consistently productive forAe. aegyptipupae and determined the ecological and socio-demographic factors associated with the persistence and abundance of pupae in households in rural and urban Kenya.MethodsWe collected socio-demographic, environmental and entomological data monthly from July 2014 to June 2018 from 80 households across four sites in Kenya. Pupae count data were collectedviaentomological surveillance of households and paired with socio-demographic and environmental data. We calculated pupal persistence within a household as the number of months of pupal presence within a year. We used spatially explicit generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) to identify the risk factors for pupal abundance, and a logistic regression to identify the risk factors for pupal persistence in households.ResultsThe median number of months of pupal presence observed in households was 4 and ranged from 0 to 35 months. We identified pupal persistence in 85 house-years. The strongest risk factors for high pupal abundance were the presence of bushes or tall grass in the peri-domicile area (OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.13–2.28), open eaves (OR: 2.57, 95% CI: 1.33–4.95) and high habitat counts (OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.21–1.66). The main risk factors for pupal persistence were the presence of bushes or tall grass in the peri-domicile (OR: 4.20, 95% CI: 1.42–12.46) and high number of breeding sites (OR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.03–4.58).ConclusionsWe observedAe. aegyptipupal persistence at the household level in urban and rural and in coastal and inland Kenya. High counts of potential breeding containers, vegetation in the peri-domicile area and the presence of eaves were strongly associated with increased risk of pupal persistence and abundance. Targeting households that exhibit pupal persistence alongside the risk factors for pupal abundance in vector control interventions may result in more efficient use of limited resources.
Tunicamycin promotes metastasis through upregulating endoplasmic reticulum stress induced GRP78 expression in thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Guohong , Kang Jianqin , Xu Guanghui , Wei Jing , Wang Xiaoguang , Jing Xiaorui , Zhang Lan , Yang Aili , Wang Kai , Wang Jue , Wang Li , Hou Junfeng , Liu Qingquan , Jiao Kai , Gao Bin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common type of endocrine malignancy and its incidence is increasing over years. Conventional surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are difficult to improve the significant effects of it due to aggression and metastasis of poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC) and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), and these are regarded as the most malignant types of TC. Glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) is the key molecule of tumor growth, apoptosis and metastasis. However, the underlying mechanisms of GRP78 in TC still require discussion. This study aimed to explore the role of GRP78 and its potential mechanism in TC.

Results
GRP78 expression was increased in TC tissues when compared with adjacent normal tissues. Besides, down-regulation of GRP78 significantly inhibited the metastatic and proliferative ability of ATC cells in in vitro studies. In addition, tunicamycin-induced ER stress up-regulated the expression of GRP78, PERK and XBP1 as well as reversed the metastatic ability of GRP78 in ATC cells. Bioinformatics and statistical analysis of gene ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways for RNA-sequencing data with regard to si-GRP78 and si-control showed that GRP78 might regulate the ability of metastasis through extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in ATC cells, as well as the expression of ECM components such as COL1A1 and MMP13, which were highly relevant to ATC cells. The analysis of GEPIA database confirmed that high genomic amplification of MMP13 and COL1A1 in TC tissues showed correlation with TNM stage. Further western blotting analysis showed that MMP13 might be the target of GRP78 in ATC cells and ER stress could activate the expression of MMP13 that is suppressed by GRP78 depletion.

Conclusions
GRP78 acts as an important regulator of metastasis under ER stress. In addition, the function of GRP78 might be mediated by ECM remodeling in ATC cells, implicating it as a therapeutic target in TC.
Transpulmonary pressures in obese and non-obese COVID-19 ARDS
Authors: Mezidi Mehdi , Daviet Florence , Chabert Paul , Hraiech Sami , Bitker Laurent , Forel Jean-Marie , Yonis Hodane , Gragueb Ines , Dhelft Francois , Papazian Laurent , Richard Jean-Christophe , Guervilly Christophe 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Data on respiratory mechanics of COVID-19 ARDS patients are scarce.
Respiratory mechanics and response to positive expiratory pressure (PEEP) may be
different in obese and non-obese patients.

Methods
We investigated esophageal pressure allowing determination of
transpulmonary pressures (PL ) and elastances (EL) during a decremental PEEP trial
from 20 to 6 cm H2O in a cohort of COVID-19 ARDS patients.

Results
Fifteen patients were investigated, 8 obese and 7 non-obese patients. PEEP ≥ 16 cm H2O for obese patients and PEEP ≥10 cm H2O for non-obese patients were necessary to obtain positive expiratory PL. Change of PEEP did not alter significantly ΔPL or elastances in obese patients. However, in non-obese patients lung EL and ΔPL increased significantly with PEEP increase. Chest wall EL was not affected by PEEP variations in both groups.
Study on Pata E-contractions
Authors: Karapinar Erdal , Fulga Andreea , Aydi Hassen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce the notion of an α–ζ̃–"Equation missing"–Pata contraction that combines well-known concepts, such as the Pata contraction, the E-contraction and the simulation function. Existence and uniqueness of a fixed point of such mappings are investigated in the setting of a complete metric space. An example is stated to indicate the validity of the observed result. At the end, we give an application on the solution of nonlinear fractional differential equations.
Bifurcation analysis of a SEIR epidemic system with governmental action and individual reaction
Authors: Ajbar Abdelhamid , Alqahtani Rubayyi T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the dynamical behavior of a SEIR epidemic system that takes into account governmental action and individual reaction is investigated. The transmission rate takes into account the impact of governmental action modeled as a step function while the decreasing contacts among individuals responding to the severity of the pandemic is modeled as a decreasing exponential function. We show that the proposed model is capable of predicting Hopf bifurcation points for a wide range of physically realistic parameters for the COVID-19 disease. In this regard, the model predicts periodic behavior that emanates from one Hopf point. The model also predicts stable oscillations connecting two Hopf points. The effect of the different model parameters on the existence of such periodic behavior is numerically investigated. Useful diagrams are constructed that delineate the range of periodic behavior predicted by the model.
Age-period-cohort effects in half a century of motor vehicle theft in the United States
Authors: Dixon Anthony , Farrell Graham 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAdopting and refining O’Brien’s S-constraint approach, we estimate age-period-cohort effects for motor vehicle theft offences in the United States for over half a century from 1960. Taking the well-established late-teen peak offending age as given, we find period effects reducing theft in the 1970 s, and period, but particularly cohort effects, reducing crime from the 1990s onwards. We interpret these effects as consistent with variation in the prevailing level of crime opportunities, particularly the ease with which vehicles could be stolen. We interpret the post-1990s cohort effect as triggered by a period effect that operated differentially by age: improved vehicle security reduced juvenile offending dramatically, to the extent that cohorts experienced reduced offending across the life-course. This suggests the prevailing level of crime opportunities in juvenile years is an important determinant of rates of onset and continuance in offending in birth cohorts. We outline additional implications for research and practice.
Faecal microbiota transplant from aged donor mice affects spatial learning and memory via modulating hippocampal synaptic plasticity- and neurotransmission-related proteins in young recipients
Authors: D’Amato Alfonsina , Di Cesare Mannelli Lorenzo , Lucarini Elena , Man Angela L. , Le Gall Gwenaelle , Branca Jacopo J. V. , Ghelardini Carla , Amedei Amedeo , Bertelli Eugenio , Regoli Mari , Pacini Alessandra , Luciani Giulia , Gallina Pasquale , Altera Annalisa , Narbad Arjan , Gulisano Massimo , Hoyles Lesley , Vauzour David , Nicoletti Claudio 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
The gut-brain axis and the intestinal microbiota are emerging as key players in health and disease. Shifts in intestinal microbiota composition affect a variety of systems; however, evidence of their direct impact on cognitive functions is still lacking. We tested whether faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) from aged donor mice into young adult recipients altered the hippocampus, an area of the central nervous system (CNS) known to be affected by the ageing process and related functions.

Results
Young adult mice were transplanted with the microbiota from either aged or age-matched donor mice. Following transplantation, characterization of the microbiotas and metabolomics profiles along with a battery of cognitive and behavioural tests were performed. Label-free quantitative proteomics was employed to monitor protein expression in the hippocampus of the recipients. We report that FMT from aged donors led to impaired spatial learning and memory in young adult recipients, whereas anxiety, explorative behaviour and locomotor activity remained unaffected. This was paralleled by altered expression of proteins involved in synaptic plasticity and neurotransmission in the hippocampus. Also, a strong reduction of bacteria associated with short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production (Lachnospiraceae, Faecalibaculum, and Ruminococcaceae) and disorders of the CNS (Prevotellaceae and Ruminococcaceae) was observed. Finally, the detrimental effect of FMT from aged donors on the CNS was confirmed by the observation that microglia cells of the hippocampus fimbria, acquired an ageing-like phenotype; on the contrary, gut permeability and levels of systemic and local (hippocampus) cytokines were not affected.

Conclusion
These results demonstrate that age-associated shifts of the microbiota have an impact on protein expression and key functions of the CNS. Furthermore, these results highlight the paramount importance of the gut-brain axis in ageing and provide a strong rationale to devise therapies aiming to restore a young-like microbiota to improve cognitive functions and the declining quality of life in the elderly.