bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between dietary fat intake and MRI-determined visceral, subcutaneous, or hepatic fat in men and women from the general population
Authors: Meisinger Christa , Rospleszcz Susanne , Wintermeyer Elke , Lorbeer Roberto , Thorand Barbara , Bamberg Fabian , Peters Annette , Schlett Christopher , Linseisen Jakob 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroduction:An increase in dietary fat intake - at the expense of dietary carbohydrate intake - may play an important role in the accumulation of adipose tissue at different sites and liver fat accumulation. Thus, the present study investigated the isocaloric substitution of dietary carbohydrates with fat, and its cross-sectional association with visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and hepatic fat content as determined by MRI.Material and Methods:Data from 283 participants (mean age 56.1 ± 9.0 years) from the KORA FF4 study study who underwent whole-body MRI were included. VAT, SAT, and total body fat were quantified by a volume-interpolated VIBE-T1w-Dixon MR sequence. Hepatic fat content was determined as the proton density fat-fraction (PDFF) derived from multiecho-T1w MR sequence. Habitual dietary intake was estimated by combining the information provided by repeated 24-h food lists and a food frequency questionnaire. Cross-sectional associations were analyzed using linear regressions.Results:Carbohydrate intake (in % of total energy intake (E%)) correlated significantly inversely with VAT (r = -0.34) and hepatic fat (r = -0,30), while fat intake (E%) correlated positively with hepatic fat content (r = 0.16). Replacing total carbohydrates with an isocaloric amount of total fat was significantly positively associated with VAT and hepatic fat, while there was no significant association with SAT. The multivariable adjusted β-coefficient for replacing 5 E% carbohydrates with total fat was 0.39 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.76) for VAT. An increase in total fat intake by 5% of total energy was associated with an increase in liver fat content by 24%. Dietary fiber intake was significantly inversely associated with VAT and hepatic lipid content.Discussion:In middle-aged adults, substitution of carbohydrates with total fat was associated with a higher volume of VAT and an increase of hepatic fat, while whole-grain associated carbohydrates show inverse associations. If reproduced in prospective studies, such findings would strongly argue for limiting dietary fat intake.
Sensitivity to change of the UK Diabetes and Diet Questionnaire in a specialist weight management service
Authors: England Clare , Leary Sam , Thompson Catherine , Lorimer Claire , Andrews Rob 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe UK Diabetes and Diet Questionnaire (UKDDQ) is a brief dietary questionnaire developed for people with, or at high risk of, type 2 diabetes(1). It consists of 20 items scored from 0–5 (0 healthiest, 5 least healthy). It has been demonstrated to be reliable and compares well with food diaries. A study evaluating sensitivity to change of the UKDDQ was undertaken at the specialist weight management service (WMS) at Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton. WMS patients receive an initial appointment with an endocrinologist and dietitian, followed by referral to group sessions or dietary advice. Follow up appointments with a WMS specialist occur over the next 26 weeks. Adults attending the service were recruited for the study between September 2016-March 2017. Participants completed the UKDDQ in the waiting room at the initial appointment and the first follow-up. Diabetes status, binge eating assessment and weight at both timepoints were obtained from WMS records. UKDDQ scores from 0–5 were calculated for each participant by summing the score for each item and dividing by 20. Change in UKDDQ scores and absolute and percentage change in weight between appointments were calculated. Paired sample t-tests were used to test differences in means for UKDDQ scores and weight from baseline to follow up. Multivariable regression analysis was used to examine associations between changes in the UKDDQ scores and percentage change in weight. The model was adjusted for age, gender, follow up time, diabetes status and binge eating. Forty-eight White British participants completed the study (67% women, 37% type 2 diabetes, 29% binge eating). Baseline mean weight was 132.4 (29.4)kg, mean BMI 46.5(7.7)kg/m2 and mean UKDDQ score was 1.39 (0.49). Participants lost weight (-2.4 (6.9)kg, p = 0.006) and the UKDDQ score improved between baseline and follow up (-0.27(0.53), p = 0.001). The mean percentage weight change was -1.6 (5.0)%. There was some evidence that a one point deterioration in healthy eating was associated with a 2.4 (-0.2 to 5.1)% increase in weight (p = 0.072). The UKDDQ can measure dietary change in people attending a specialist WMS and there is some evidence that a change in score is associated with a change in weight. The UKDDQ could be used as an outcome measure in these services.
MyRareDiet®: A diet tracking, monitoring and optimization mHealth tool.
Authors: Hook Debra , LeMons Cynthia , Yang Dershung , Haas Niina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecent advancements in technology provide promising tools for nutrition research and practice. Using mobile phones to record and photograph food prior to consumption can be an effective method for dietary analysis, reducing reliance on self-report and recall. Research continues to focus on refining and creating new methods to evaluate food intake with greater degrees of accuracy. Wearable and portable technologies have seen vast advances in recent years that allow for continuous collection of biometric data which can be integrated into health assessments. This reduces burden while providing more accurate, consistent data for a variety of health measures. The extensive availability and usage of mobile apps for nutrition-based health interventions makes evaluation of the quality of these apps crucial for integration into nutritional management.Objectives/DesignMyRareDiet® is a nutrition software and mobile application that can be used in nutrition research and patient dietary management. Accurate dietary information is needed to further understand the link between diet and health outcomes, especially in situations that require close diet management. The use of paper diet diaries and food frequency questionnaires are commonly utilized. However, these tools are frequently inadequate. Novel methods of assessing intake are required to reduce the burden in dietary surveys, improve research participation and thereby improve the representativeness of the sample, while at the same time minimizing the impact of measuring dietary intake.MyRareDiet® has three subsystems: Patient Portal, Researcher Portal, and Clinician Portal. The primary goal of the Patient and Clinical Portals is to enable patients and caregivers to easily track and monitor their own diet so they can meet their strict diet targets and restrictions, while enabling adherence and compliance. The Researcher Portal facilitates collection, study and analysis of diet-based data. MyRareDiet® has an extensive food database, which has been validated at multiple moments in the development process. Usability studies have been conducted to make sure that the program is easily navigated and meets user and clinician needs. The dietary analysis of the program has been validated against 3-day diet records.ConclusionWe developed and validated a mobile app called MyRareDiet®, which is intended to document nutrition intake, facilitate data collection, reduce study burden for families and clinicians, and in the future connect this information with patient health outcomes. MyRareDiet® is designed to address a significant unmet need in nutrition research, and to assist with dietary management designed to increase adherence and compliance that leads to improved outcomes.
Characterisation and protein intake analysis of no- to high meat consumption, based on the Swiss National Nutrition Survey menuCH
Authors: Steinbach Lydia , Kaelin Ivo , Krieger Jean-Philippe , Faeh David , Herter-Aeberli Isabelle , Rohrmann Sabine , Sych Janice 
Published: June 2020

AbstractToday's high interest for no- or low-meat diets is driven by evidence-based associations between high meat consumption and unhealthy lifestyle factors as well as increased risk of various chronic diseases. This study aims to characterize no-, low- and high-meat consumers and describe their protein intake using data from the Swiss nutrition survey menuCH.This first national survey assessed descriptive factors by a questionnaire and dietary intake by 24-hour dietary recall (24 HDR) across all three linguistic regions, German, French and Italian of Switzerland (N = 2057). Data from the questionnaire (food avoidance) and two 24 HDRs were used to categorize total participants (N) into four subgroups: no meat (4.4%); low (15%), medium (65.6%), or high-meat eaters (15%), based on meat-energy contributions of 0; 0–2.4; 2.4–18.7; 18.7–48.4, respectively. Contributions of overall macronutrients and protein from the different food groups were described for each subgroup to identify quantitative and qualitative differences. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was applied to predict the probability of belonging to one of the four subgroups according to the following sociodemographic and behavioral variables: sex, language region, age, nationality, marital status, education, gross household income, BMI, physical activity, smoking, dietary supplements and overall health status. The subgroups differed in protein intake with 11.5%, 12.8%, 15.4% and 19.1% of total energy intake for no-, low-,medium- and high-meat diets, respectively, weighted for sampling design, non-response, weekdays and season. In general, no- and low-meat consumers included a greater variety of foods contributing to protein intake than meat consumers, including more dairy products and meat-alternatives. None of the subgroups met the Swiss Food-based Dietary Guidelines of three portions of dairy products per day. The regression analysis showed that sex, taking dietary supplements or not and BMI were important determinants of the subgroups: women had a higher predicted probability than men to be no- and low-meat eaters and for these same subgroups, individuals showed higher probabilities for taking dietary supplements. Overweight and obese participants showed higher probabilities to be high-meat eaters.These findings show considerable differences in protein intake and in variety of protein-food selections, between extremes of meat intake (no- to high meat consumption). Future surveys should include frequency methods to allow conclusions about habitual meat intake or avoidance and health status screening to analyse individuals health data.
Libro Healthy Towns - assessing availability of food information for a pilot public health initiative
Authors: Kenny David , Manning Clodagh , McNulty Breige , O'Kelly Damian , Douglas Frances 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn Ireland SI 489/2014 mandates food businesses (FB) to present written allergen information on food and drink at the point of presentation or sale. Despite this requirement being in place since 2014, compliance is low. A 2017 audit published by the Food Safety Authority Ireland reported that corrective action was required by 88% of FB assessed.Calorie labeling, although not legally required, has strong consumer demand. Furthermore when FB implement calorie labeling, improvements to stock management resulted in reduced costs.This study aims to establish a baseline of available information to evaluate the progress of the public health initiative “Libro Healthy Towns”: a pilot project aimed at supporting FB to provide food information to consumers.A catchment area was established to identify FB for inclusion. FB were categorised by business type: Multi-site (MB) or Independent site (IB), and service type: Restaurant/Café (RC), Restaurant/Takeaway (RT), Hotel, Pub/Restaurant and Takeaway. Availability of allergen and calorie information were collected by observing and photographing food information on display. Where information was not observable, it was requested. Employees were asked if consumers requested calorie information. Responses were recorded for input into a spreadsheet. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS (ver. 24). Results were assessed using Chi-Square and Likelihood Ratio.In total 54 FB were assessed (31 = MB, 23 = IB), 63% had allergen information displayed and 31% had it available on request. There was no statistically significant difference between business type and allergen information being available on display or by request. Three businesses (6%) had no allergen information available; 100% of these were IB. MB were significantly more likely to have allergen information available (100%) compared with IB (87%) (p-value = .021). Calorie information was available for 24% (n = 13) of FB, of which significantly more (92%) were MB (p-value = .003). Calorie information was requested in 56% of FB, most frequently requested in RC and RT, 62% and 55% respectively. Significantly more MB reported that consumers requested calorie information compared with IB, 77% and 26% respectively (p-value = < .001).Only half of businesses displayed allergen information in writing at the point of presentation or sale. Consumer interest in calorie information was strong, supporting previous research showing consumers want to make informed food choices. Access to food information was easier in MB however this study shows that measures to improve the availability of food information are necessary across all business types.
Libro Healthy Towns' - A food business protocol for nutrition and allergen declaration
Authors: Manning Clodagh , Kenny David , McNulty Breige , O' Kelly Damian , Douglas Frances 
Published: June 2020

Abstract‘Libro Healthy Towns’ is a joint public health initiative developed under the Healthy Ireland Charter. The initiative ultimately aims to improve the food environment and support informed food choices through technology. Food businesses are required by EU regulation 1169/2011 on the Provision of Food Information to Consumers, to provide allergen information on foods served. Calorie labelling, while not required, has been established as a strong public desire. This study aims to establish a protocol for implementation of allergen and nutrition declaration in food outlets. A catchment area was used to identify food businesses that were categorised by service sector and organisational type. Two businesses from each service sector were contacted to establish their willingness to participate in the study. A template was developed to collect the food information necessary for nutrition and allergen declaration including: menu items, component recipes and sub-recipes, recipe ingredients and quantities, cooking methods, servings per recipe and recipe weight following cooking. Facilitated weighing was used to establish ingredient weights. Ingredient specific food information: food name, brand, ingredient list, supplier and food form, were observed from packaging. Foods suitable for analysis using generic composition data were identified. Feedback from food businesses was recorded during recruitment and observationally, during onboarding. Of the 54 food outlets included within the catchment area: 57% were classified as ‘restaurant/takeaway’, 28% ‘restaurant/cafe’, 7% ‘pub/restaurant’, 7% ‘takeaway’ and 4% ‘hotel’. 57% of businesses were ‘multisite’, 43% ‘independent’. Of the 10 businesses contacted, 2 businesses volunteered to take part. (Site A & B; a restaurant/cafe and restaurant/takeaway, respectively). In total, 72 ingredients were used for recipe analysis in site A, most (n = 41) were branded. In total, 75 ingredients were used for recipe analysis in site B, most (n = 73) were generic. Reasons for not participating included: fear that declaring nutrition information would negatively impact sales 12.5%, concern regarding digital security of proprietary recipes 12.5%, limited technological skills 12.5%, no reason 25% and unavailability of a decision maker 37.5%. Furthermore, difficulty measuring ingredients, reluctance to waste food and lack of knowledge of brands purchased were identified as barriers to recipe information collection. This study establishes parameters for implementing nutrition and allergen declaration in food outlets. It highlights challenges to providing and collecting food information. Ensuring that provisions are made to address these will be vital to the success of the ‘Libro Healthy Towns’ public health initiative.
Portion size and energy contribution of food in adolescents from São Paulo, Brazil: Changes between 2003 and 2015
Authors: Pereira Jaqueline Lopes , Felix Paula Victória , Batista Lais Duarte , Fisberg Regina Mara 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroduction: Overweight has become a very important issue in the epidemiological scenario of nutrition due to its increasing rates and association with several chronic noncommunicable diseases. The etiology of overweight is complex, but diet is one of the modifiable factors that may interfere in the nutritional status of individuals and consequently on overweight and obesity. One aspect of the diet that has been related to overweight is the increase of energy intake, and related to that, the increase on food portion size.Objective: To evaluate differences in food portions size and its energy contribution in adolescents from São Paulo, Brazil between 2003, 2008 and 2015.Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional population-based study with a representative sample of 1711 adolescents aged 12 to 19 years who participated in the Health Survey of São Paulo (HS-SP). The HS-SP was conducted in 2003, 2008 and 2015. Overweight was defined according to the cutoff points of the World Health Organization (WHO) for adolescents (BMI ≥ p85). Dietary data were obtained from two 24-hour recalls.Reported foods were classified into groups and the prevalence of consumers, the percentage of energy contribution, and the mean and median of portion sizes in each food group were calculated.Results: Over the years, the prevalence of overweight in adolescents increased from 13.8% to 29.4%. The prevalence of consumers of salty snacks, fruits, industrialized juices, red meats, rice, sweets/desserts and toast/cookies has increased; while the number of consumers of coffee/tea, fruit juice, milk, artisan/non-packaged snacks and sugar decreased. The food groups with the highest energy contribution were: rice (14%), red meat (12%) and bread (9%) in all the years evaluated. The groups with the greatest increase in the energy contribution from 2003 to 2015 were: toast / cookies, sweets / desserts, white and red meats, and industrialized juices. The consumption portion size of eggs has increased, while those of cold cuts, fruits, industrialized juices, rice and tubers/roots decreased.Discussion: There was a diverse variation in the frequency of intake, the energy contribution and the food portion size over time with increase in some groups and decrease in others. These findings provide useful data to support future interventions and public policies focused on adolescent feeding.
Parental role modelling and fruits and vegetables intake in European preschoolers: ToyBox-study
Authors: De Miguel-Etayo Pilar , Flores Paloma , Santabarbara Javier , Iglesia Iris , Cardon Greet , Iotova Violeta , Koletzko Berthold , Androutsos Odysseas , Kotowska Aneta , Manios Yannis , Chin A Paw J. M. M. (Mai) , Moreno Luis A 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroduction: Childhood obesity is rising in all countries. Dietary habits are modifiable factors which develop early in life. During growth, several factors, such as peer- influence and food availability, determine the development of food preferences and eating behaviour. Parents play also a key role model by influencing their own food intake.Objetives: The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of parental role modelling, as predictor of fruits and vegetables intake in European pre-schoolers.Methods: The present study included a sample of 6633 preschool children (51.9% boys) from six European centres (Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, Poland and Spain), 3.5 to 5.5 years of age, participating in the ToyBox-study. Data on parental role modelling related with their own fruits and vegetables intake (portions/day) and children's fruits and vegetables intake (portions/day) were collected via standardized proxy-administered questionnaires. Linear regression model was used to assess this association. The adjusted model included socioeconomic status and weight status.Results: In the unadjusted model, boys whose parents consumed fruits, showed a mean intake of 0.09 (95% CI: 0.08–0.11; p ≤ 0.001) portions of fruits more than the boys whose parents did not consume fruits. Also, girls whose parents consumed fruits, had intake of 0.10 (95% CI: 0.08–0.12; p ≤ 0.001) portions of fruits more than the girls whose parents did not consume fruits.Moreover, boys whose parents consumed vegetables, showed a mean intake of 0.09 (95% CI: 0.07–0.11; p ≤ 0.001) portions of vegetables more than the boys whose parents did not consume vegetables. Also, girls whose parents consumed fruits, had intake of 0.11 (95% CI: 0.09–0.13; p ≤ 0.001) portions of vegetables more than the girls whose parents did not consume vegetables.Finally, parental role related with fruits consumption explained 19.3% of fruits intake in European pre-schoolers and the 17.8% of vegetables intake in boys and 21.9% of vegetable intake in girls taking into consideration the potential effect of socioeconomic status of the family and the weight status of the children.Conclusions: Parental role model of fruit intake has moderate effect on the pre-schooler's dietary intake. However, home environment characteristics such as family rules or availability and accessibility of foods should be considered as potential factors related to food intake in pre-schoolers.