bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volatile Essential Oils Can Be Used to Improve the Efficacy of Heat Treatments Targeting the Western Drywood Termite: Evidence from a Laboratory Study
Authors: Perry Daniel T , Choe Dong-Hwan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUse of heated air to create lethal temperatures within infested wood serves as a nonchemical treatment option against western drywood termites, Incisitermes minor (Hagen). When treating a whole or large portion of the structure, however, the presence of hard-to-heat areas (structural heat sinks) and potential risk of damaging heat-sensitive items are recognized as important challenges. To address these challenges, we tested if the incorporation of a volatile essential oil would increase the overall efficacy of heat treatments against the drywood termites. To choose an essential oil for use, we tested the volatile action of several candidate compounds against individual termites using a fumigant toxicity assay. As a proof-of-concept experiment, field-collected termites were housed in small wooden arenas and subsequently subjected to 2-h heat treatment at various air temperatures within a gas chromatography oven. A simulated heat sink and essential oil treatment was also included in the experimental design. Analyses of lethal temperatures (LTemp50 and LTemp99 values), probabilities of mortality, and survivorship data over time suggested that 1) the presence of a heat sink significantly increased the minimum air temperature needed for complete kill of the termites and 2) the volatile essential oil added at the site of a heat sink effectively counteracted the impact of the heat sink. The use of volatile essential oils makes it possible to effectively kill drywood termites even in areas which might not reach lethal temperatures (~50°C), potentially improving the overall efficacy of heat treatments while reducing the risk of heat damage.
Distribution, Phenology, and Overwintering Survival of Asian Citrus Psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae), in Urban and Grove Habitats in North Florida
Authors: Martini Xavier , Malfa Kathi , Stelinski Lukasz L , Iriarte Fanny B , Paret Mathews L 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Cold hardy citrus is an emerging industry in north Florida. However, it is under the threat of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), the agent of the citrus disease huanglongbing. Distribution and phenology of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri (Kuwayama), the vector of CLas, was investigated over a 2-year sampling period in north Florida. Diaphorina citri was only found in backyard and ornamental citrus along the Gulf of Mexico, and was not observed in cultivated citrus groves during the 2 years (2017–2018) of the survey. Diaphorina citri population peaks occurred approximately 2 mo later than in central Florida with major population peaks occurring in July. The number of D. citri adults was significantly higher on CLas infected than uninfected citrus trees, whereas more nymphs were found on uninfected trees. Most D. citri were negative for CLas except in Franklin county where both infected trees and psyllids were found. We were able to find adult D. citri during all winter months, despite temperatures as low as −5.5°C. During two consecutive winters, we conducted experiments to determine D. citri cold hardiness by caging D. citri under ambient conditions in mid-November and assessing survivors in the following spring. In 2018, approximately 21%, of D. citri adults survived overwintering whereas 16% survived in 2019 despite lower temperature in 2018 than in 2019. As we are at the earliest stage of HLB infestation, management of D. citri and CLas in north Florida should focus on removal of CLas-infected trees to reduce the reservoir of pathogen.
Adequacy evaluation of the annual colonoscopic surveillance and individual difference of disease phenotypes in Lynch syndrome
Authors: Taniguchi Fumitaka , Tanakaya Kohji , Sugano Kokichi , Akagi Kiwamu , Ishida Hideyuki , Nagahisa Seiichi , Nishimura Seitaro , Une Yuta , Kimura Yuji , Watanabe Megumi , Utsumi Masashi , Aoki Hideki 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Regular endoscopic surveillance for Lynch syndrome is reported to reduce colorectal cancer (CRC)-related mortality. However, the appropriate surveillance intervals are still unclear. We evaluated the adequacy of annual colonoscopy and investigated the differences in tumor occurrence rates between individual patients.

Methods
In total, 25 patients with Lynch syndrome who underwent colonoscopic surveillance between 2007 and 2016 at the Iwakuni Clinical Center were included. We retrospectively investigated the surveillance frequency and the clinical features associated with tumor development.

Results
Colonoscopic surveillance was performed every 397 days on average. A total of 101 tumors, including 8 intramucosal carcinomas and 15 carcinomas, were observed within the study period. Annual colonoscopy detected six malignancies, including a carcinoma requiring surgery. Tumor incidence was associated with tumor existence in the initial colonoscopies (P = 0.018). Patients with a tumor occurrence rate of 0.4 tumors per year during our observation period were significantly more likely to have malignancies detected during regular surveillance than patients who had a lower occurrence rate (P &lt; 0.001). Malignancy occurrence rate was strongly associated with tumor occurrence rate (P &lt; 0.001, R2 = 0.44).

Conclusions
Annual colonoscopic surveillance for Lynch syndrome patients was effective in reducing the risk of CRC progression, but was insufficient to completely avoid surgery. Because the tumor occurrence rate differed substantially between individuals, more intensive surveillance was required for high-risk patients.
Differences in Responses to Urbanization Between Invasive Mosquitoes, Aedes japonicus japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Aedes albopictus, in Their Native Range, Japan
Authors: Mogi Motoyoshi , Armbruster Peter A , Tuno Nobuko 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The Asian mosquitoes, Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Aedes japonicus japonicus (Theobald), have invaded North America, Europe, and other regions since the late 20th century. In invasive ranges, Ae. albopictus has well been recognized as urban, domestic species, whereas views about the macrohabitats of Ae. j. japonicus are inconsistent. Previous reports in Japan suggest the disappearance of Ae. j. japonicus from metropolises. However, container-mosquito larvae have not been inspected simultaneously for various macro and microhabitats in metropolises in Japan. The current study in Fukuoka City, a metropolis in southwest Japan, confirmed the absence of Ae. j. japonicus irrespective of macrohabitats (temples with graveyards, shrines, public graveyards, cultivated bamboo groves, and urban forests, all within the area densely inhabited by humans) and microhabitats (container types). In contrast, Ae. albopictus was dominant throughout the macro and microhabitats except forest tree holes rich with competitive species. Past records indicate the disappearance of Ae. j. japonicus from metropolitan Fukuoka within the last 70 yr. Based on careful examination of available evidence, we concluded that 1) both species benefit from human-made environments with artificial containers free from competitors, 2) Ae. j. japonicus disappeared due to hot, dry summer conditions facilitated by urban heat-island effects and a decrease in favored mammal hosts, and 3) Ae. albopictus has proliferated with higher tolerance to hot, dry climate and a wider blood-feeding host-range including humans. This difference is important for efficient control of each species as well as predicting and preventing the expansion into new distribution ranges.
Toxicity of Thiamethoxam on Field-Collected Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) From Different Regions of Turkey
Authors: Arserim Suha K , Çetin Hüseyin , Yetişmiş Kardelen , Omondi Zeph Nelson , Özbel Yusuf 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPhlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are the vectors of human and canine leishmaniasis, sand fly fever, and other arboviruses and bacteria. The control of sand flies is recommended by World Health Organization throughout the world. In this study, we investigated the susceptibility of field-collected sand flies against thiamethoxam in Turkey. The adult sand flies collected were from five different locations in three provinces; Yeşilöz and Büyükpınar districts in Antalya province, Develi district in Kayseri province, and Üçpınar and Bayındırlık districts in Manisa province. They were investigated using two different doses (0.125 and 0.25 g ai/m2) of thiamethoxam under laboratory conditions. After 1-h exposure, all sand flies were found highly susceptible to thiamethoxam and both test doses caused 100% mortality after 24 h. Considering the KDT50 time, flies collected from Yeşilöz district in Antalya province were found to be most sensitive and flies collected from Üçpınar district in Manisa province were found as the most resistance to thiamethoxam. The results show that Turkish sand flies were highly susceptible to thiamethoxam and it can be used for the control of sand flies in the field.
Changes in niche differentiation and environmental filtering over a hydric stress gradient
Authors: Martínez-Blancas Alejandra , Martorell Carlos 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsDiversity in communities is determined by species’ ability to coexist with each other and to overcome environmental stress that may act as an environmental filter. Niche differentiation (ND) results in stronger intra- than interspecific competition and promotes coexistence. Because stress affects interactions, the strength of ND may change along stress gradients. A greater diversity of plant growth forms has been observed in stressful habitats, such as deserts and alpine regions, suggesting greater ND when stress is strong. We tested the hypothesis that niche differences and environmental filters become stronger with stress.MethodsIn a semiarid grassland in southern Mexico, we sowed six annual species in the field along a hydric stress gradient. Plants were grown alone (without interactions), with conspecific neighbors (intraspecific interactions) or with heterospecific neighbors (interspecific interactions). We analyzed how the ratio of intra- to interspecific competition changed along the gradient to assess how water availability determines the strength of ND. We also determined if hydric stress represented an environmental filter.Important FindingsWe observed stronger intra- than interspecific competition, especially where hydric stress was greater. Thus, we found ND in at least some portion of the gradient for all but one species. Some species were hindered by stress, but others were favored by it perhaps because it eliminates soil pathogens. Although strong ND was slightly more frequent with stress, our species sample was small and there were exceptions to the general pattern, so further research is needed to establish if this is a widespread phenomenon in nature.
The Kindness of Strangers: Single Mothers and the Politics of Friendship in Interwar Cape Town
Authors: Jackson Will 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Just as a friend is often defined as somebody we like, friendship is thought of as a social, moral, and emotional good. The aura of friendship is in its virtue. But the meaning of friendship depends on who claims it and who the person appears to be whom they describe as their friend. This essay investigates the meaning of friendship in the lives of single mothers in South Africa between the two world wars. The context is Cape Town, where single mothers classified as “white” or “European” attracted the attention of the state. In case records pertaining to the 1913 Children’s Welfare Act, the meaning of friendship was contested between magistrates, police detectives, welfare workers, and single mothers themselves. The struggle over how a case should be resolved was to a great extent a struggle over the meaning of friendship. To the authorities, “friends” were a disturbing presence in the lives of single mothers. While the image of healthy, secure, and stable colonial family units was articulated around the relationship between a mother and a child, it was underwritten by the taken-for-granted presence of a male provider. Analyzing cases where men were in various ways absent forces our emphasis away from the normative standards that guided child welfare work and into the messier social realities against which those standards were applied.
A multi-labelled sequent calculus for Topo-Logic
Authors: Shillito Ian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We present a labelled sequent calculus for a trimodal epistemic logic exhibitied in Baltag et al. (2017, Logic, Rationality, and Interaction, pp. 330–346), an extension of the so called ‘Topo-Logic’. To the best of our knowledge, our calculus is the first proof-calculus for this logic. This calculus is obtained via an adaptation of the label technique by internalizing a semantics over topological spaces. This internalization leads to the generation of two kinds of labels in our calculus and the labelling of formulae by pairs of labels. These novelties give tools to provide a simple calculus that is intuitively connected to the semantics. We prove that this calculus enjoys many structural properties such as admissibility of cut, admissibility of contraction and invertibility of its rules. Finally, we exhibit a proof search strategy for our calculus that allows us to prove completeness in a direct way by the extraction of a countermodel from a failure of proof. To define this strategy, we design a tool for controlling the generation of labels in the construction of a search tree, although the termination of this strategy is still open.
Personal Reflection on Board Leadership and Ethical Decision-Making
Authors: Geiger Jennifer 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Leadership experiences provide opportunities for personal growth and increased self-efficacy. A single lens for reflection about service to AMTA via the Board of Directors is presented, recognizing myriad experiences with volunteer leadership. The 2019 Code of Ethics empowers individual responsibility, serves as a guide for ethical decision-making, and provides hindsight for personal reflection.
Successful Treatment of Acute Prostatitis Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli With Tigecycline Monotherapy
Authors: Lo Priore Elia , Livermore David M , Buetti Niccolo , Jent Philipp , Pelzer Niklas , Casanova Carlo , Furrer Hansjakob , Babouee Flury Baharak 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We present a successful treatment, with tigecycline monotherapy, of acute prostatitis caused by multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli harboring an NDM-1 carbapemenase along with a CMY-2 cephalosporinase and a TEM ESBL.
Importance of Outcome Domain for Patients With Musculoskeletal Pain: Characterizing Subgroups and Their Response to Treatment
Authors: Zeppieri Jr Giorgio , Bialosky Joel , George Steven Z 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Patient-centered care models allow for the ability to tailor treatment to outcomes of importance to patients.

Objective
The purposes of this study were to (1) define patient subgroups based on outcomes of importance; (2) determine whether patient subgroups based on outcomes of importance differed in demographic, clinical, and psychological measures; and (3) determine whether outcome domain subgroups differed in treatment responses.

Design
This was a prospective, longitudinal observational study.

Methods
This was a secondary analysis of the Optimal Screening for Prediction of Referral and Outcome study. Patients in the development phase completed the Patient Centered Outcome Questionnaire (PCOQ) and questionnaires related to negative mood, fear avoidance, and positive coping, as well as region-specific questionnaires. Patients in the validation cohort completed the PCOQ, measures of treatment satisfaction and region-specific questionnaires at 4 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year. A hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis identified profiles based on importance outcomes as determined by the PCOQ. Analysis of variance and chi-squared assessed baseline subgroup differences in demographics, psychological factors, and clinical outcomes. Repeated-measure analysis of variance considered subgroup differences in outcomes longitudinally.

Results
Cluster analysis identified 3 subgroups: (1) “Multiple Outcome Domains Important” subgroup characterized by high importance attached to improvement in all domains, (2) “Pain and Function Outcomes Important” subgroup characterized by high importance attached to improvement in pain and interference, and (3) “Pain Important” subgroup characterized by greatest importance attached to improvement in pain.

Limitations
Our sample included patients from outpatient physical therapy and may not be representative of patients in other settings.

Conclusion
Patients can be characterized by the importance attached to improvement in outcome domains. The identified subgroups differed in baseline measures as well as response to treatment.
Reproductive rights on the path of liberation: from deconstructing the concept of control in our society to emphasizing pro-attachment attitudes
Authors: Giroux Caroline , Hategan Ana , Bourne Christina 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The debate about abortion is recurrently pervading not only politics and public health but also society at large, even within the utilization of mass media. The authors reinforce that access to reproductive health is a human rights issue and discuss facts and misconceptions associated with the procedure. They reframe the discussion and scripts sometimes found in pop culture, illuminating how attitudes towards reproductive rights may affect people. To address the polarization impasse, they propose using the lens of attachment relationships and offer corresponding solutions on three core levels: educational, social and narrative.
The Tyrant’s Vein: Misrule and Popularity in the Elizabethan Playhouse
Authors: Womack Peter 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The fashion for tyrants on the Elizabethan stage reflected a sort of affinity between tyranny and theatre. How did the two things fit together? A tyrant is not a true king, but only seems to be one, and so is like an actor playing a king. Because he has no right to the throne, he must assert his rule by personal and rhetorical force—the actor’s resources. Moreover, a tyrant is understood to be a figure in whom appetite conquers reason, self-control gives way to desire—as happens (according to hostile accounts) in the theatre. This logic applies particularly to popular theatre, where the tyrant is sustained by his dynamic relationship with the audience. In comparison with the tyrants of academic or humanist drama, who are uneasy and isolated, the tyrant on the common stage is energetic and happy amid the crowd. He is the imagined monarch of the theatre’s populace—their representative, their creature, affiliated to them not by political forms but by the symbolic repertoire of festivity: misrule, inversion, masquerade. In this way, people without rights recognize themselves in the unrighteous ruler: arguably, that is how tyranny works in reality.
Is This My Home? A Palliative Care Journey Through Life and Death in the NICU
Authors: Walters Aurora , Grosse Jordan 
Published: January 2020

Background:
With advancements in neonatology, patients in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are living in the hospital with complex life-limiting illnesses until their first birthday or beyond. As palliative care (PC) becomes a standard of care in neonatology, a level IV NICU developed an interdisciplinary PC team with the mission to ease the physical, mental, and moral distress of the patients, families, and staff. This case report highlights the teamwork and long-term palliative care and ultimately end-of-life care that an infant received by this dedicated NICU palliative care team.

Clinical Findings:
This case discusses a premature ex-27-week gestation male infant who initially presented to the emergency department at 5 months of age with significant tachypnea, increased work of breathing, and poor appetite.

Primary Diagnosis:
The primary diagnosis was severe pulmonary vein stenosis resulting in severe pulmonary hypertension.

Interventions:
The severity of the infant's pulmonary vein stenosis was incurable. He required substantial life-extending surgical procedures and daily intensive care interventions. In addition to his life-extending therapies, the infant and his family received palliative care support by the NICU PC team and the hospital-wide PC team (REACH team) throughout his admission. This was specialized care that focused on easing pain and suffering while also addressing any social/emotional needs in the infant, his family, and in the hospital staff. The PC teams also focused on protecting the families' goals of care, memory making, and providing a positive end-of-life experience for the infant and his family. The infant's end-of-life care involved providing adequate pain and symptom management, education, and communication to his family about the dying process and allowing unlimited family time before and after his death.

Outcomes:
After 11 months in the NICU and despite aggressive therapies, he required more frequent trips to the cardiac catheterization laboratory for restenosis of his pulmonary veins. He was dependent on iNO to treat his pulmonary hypertension and he continued to require an ICU ventilator. His parents ultimately decided to pursue comfort care. He died peacefully in his mother's arms.

Practice Recommendations:
The American Academy of Pediatrics and the National Association of Neonatal Nurses both have statements recommending that palliative care be standard of care in NICUs. Establishing a NICU-dedicated interdisciplinary PC team can improve outcomes for infants and families living in the NICU with complex life-limiting illnesses.
Hysterectomy Route and Numbers Reported by Graduating Residents in Obstetrics and Gynecology Training Programs
Authors: Gressel Gregory M. , Potts John R. , Cha Sandolsam , Valea Fidel A. , Banks Erika 
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVE:
To characterize trends in self-reported numbers and routes of hysterectomy for obstetrics and gynecology residents using the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) case log database.

METHODS:
Hysterectomy case log data for obstetrics and gynecology residents completing training between 2002–2003 and 2017–2018 were abstracted from the ACGME database. Total numbers of hysterectomies and modes of approach (abdominal, laparoscopic, and vaginal) were compared using bivariate statistics, and trends over time were analyzed using simple linear regression.

RESULTS:
Hysterectomy data were collected from 18,982 obstetrics and gynecology residents in a median of 243 (interquartile range 241–246) ACGME-accredited programs. The number of graduating residents increased significantly over time (12.1/year, P<.001), whereas the number of residency programs decreased significantly (0.52 fewer programs per year, P<.001) over the 16-year period. For cases logged as “surgeon,” the median number of abdominal hysterectomies decreased by 56.5% from 85 (interquartile range 69–102) to 37 (interquartile range 34–43) (P<.001). The median number of vaginal hysterectomies decreased by 35.5% from 31 (interquartile range 24–39) to 20 (interquartile range 17–25) (P=.002). The median total number of hysterectomies per resident decreased by 6.3% from 112 (interquartile range 97–132) to 105 (interquartile range 92–121) (P=.036). In contrast, the median number of laparoscopic hysterectomies increased by 115% from 20 (interquartile range 13–28) in 2008–2009 to 43 (interquartile range 32–56) in 2017–2018, despite the decrease in overall number of hysterectomies (P<.001). These trends were statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS:
The total number of hysterectomies performed by obstetrics and gynecology residents in the United States is decreasing, and the routes are changing with decreases in abdominal and vaginal approaches, and an increase in use of laparoscopic hysterectomy.