bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pilot Use of the Adapted Fresno Test for Evaluating Evidence-Based Practice Knowledge in Occupational Therapy Students
Authors: Atler Karen , Stephens Jaclyn 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Importance: A core tenet of occupational therapy is that practitioners should use evidence in their practice. Nevertheless, many occupational therapy practitioners feel limited in their evidence-based practice (EBP) knowledge. Conceivably, improving EBP knowledge in students would facilitate their greater knowledge as practitioners. Other researchers have modified teaching methods and content to enhance knowledge in students but did not empirically evaluate the acquisition of knowledge.
Objective: To empirically evaluate EBP knowledge acquisition.
Design: Descriptive, mixed-methods pilot study.
Setting: A graduate occupational therapy program.
Participants: Fifty-one second-year occupational therapy students.
Outcomes and Measures: We used the Adapted Fresno Test of Competence in Evidence-Based Practice to measure evidence-based practice knowledge. We also qualitatively assessed students’ perceptions of what influenced their development of EBP knowledge and how they felt after completing the posttest.
Results: We found significant improvements in EBP knowledge. We also found the following qualitative themes regarding influences on students’ EPB knowledge development: helpful supports, learning activities, and the context of doing with others.
Conclusions and Relevance: We observed significant gains in EBP knowledge, as measured by the Adapted Fresno Test, after occupational therapy students completed an EBP course. We theorize that students’ gains in EBP knowledge will support their ability to successfully use evidence in their future occupational therapy practice.
What This Article Adds: Our findings on the Adapted Fresno Test indicate that our course successfully promoted acquisition of EBP knowledge. We theorize that students’ gains in evidence-based practice knowledge will support their ability to successfully use evidence in their future occupational therapy practice.
Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Preliminary Validation of the European Spanish Version of the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ–ES)
Authors: Montes-Montes Rebeca , Delgado-Lobete Laura , Pereira Javier , Pousada Thais 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Importance: The Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ) is the most widely used measure of difficulties with activities of daily living and academic performance in children with developmental coordination disorder, but this tool has not been adapted for use in Spain.
Objective: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the DCDQ into European Spanish (DCDQ–ES) for use in assessing motor coordination in Spanish children.
Design: Cross-cultural adaptation and preliminary validation study.
Setting: Community and mainstream schools in Spain.
Participants: A committee of five experts oversaw the cross-cultural adaptation process. A community-based convenience sample of 31 parents of children ages 5–14 yr was used to test the comprehensibility of the DCDQ–ES. Preliminary reliability was tested with 35 randomly selected parents of children ages 6–12 yr.
Outcomes and Measures: The DCDQ was translated into European Spanish and cross-culturally adapted following international guidelines. Comprehensibility was assessed using cognitive debriefing interviews. The final version of the DCDQ–ES was used for the reliability analysis.
Results: Cultural relevance and equivalence and idiomatic differences between the DCDQ and DCDQ–ES were evaluated. Comprehensibility analysis led to minor modifications that facilitated comprehension and interpretation. Internal consistency and homogeneity of the DCDQ–ES were good (Cronbach’s α = .857, corrected item–total correlations = .268–.692).
Conclusions and Relevance: The DCDQ–ES is conceptually and semantically equivalent to DCDQ and was successfully cross-culturally adapted for the European Spanish context. Preliminary data suggest that the DCDQ–ES is a reliable measure of motor coordination in Spanish children.
What This Article Adds: This study provides evidence of the cultural equivalence of the DCDQ–ES for use with Spanish children. Occupational therapists in Spain can use the DCDQ–ES to evaluate children’s motor coordination difficulties in everyday activities.
“Starting to Live a Life”: Understanding Full Participation for People With Disabilities After Institutionalization
Authors: Angell Amber M. , Goodman Leah , Walker Heather R. , McDonald Katherine E. , Kraus Lewis E. , Elms Edward H. J. , Frieden Lex , Sheth Alisa Jordan , Hammel Joy 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Importance: A key objective of the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) is community integration; yet, nearly 30 yr later, little is known about the participation of people with disabilities who transition from institutions to the community.
Objective: To understand how people with disabilities describe full participation after transitioning from an institution to the community and to identify environmental barriers and facilitators to participation during and after this transition.
Design: The ADA–Participatory Action Research Consortium (ADA–PARC), a collaboration among researchers, people with disabilities, and community organizations, is implementing a multimethod, participatory action research study of participation among people with disabilities posttransition. This article presents qualitative findings from semistructured interviews collected as part of the larger ADA–PARC project.
Setting: ADA–PARC community partners across the United States.
Participants: One hundred fifty-three adults with disabilities.
Outcomes and Measures: We used a semistructured interview guide to ask participants about their experiences during and after transition to the community.
Results: We identified four themes: (1) the process of transition as ongoing rather than a single event, (2) access to everyday occupations as full participation and what fully represents “living a life,” (3) environmental barriers to participation, and (4) social identity as participation as the transformative process of moving from the disempowering isolation of the institution to being integrated into the community.
Conclusions and Relevance: As people with disabilities transition into community settings, they require ongoing supports to facilitate their full, long-term participation.
What This Article Adds: People with disabilities reported that transitioning from institutions to the community was itself not enough to support their full community participation; rather, they viewed transition as an ongoing process, and they needed services and supports to fully participate. Occupational therapy practitioners working in institutional and community settings can partner with local disability advocacy communities to support their clients’ sense of identity and self-confidence during and after transition to the community.
A replication of “The role of intermediaries in facilitating trade” (Journal of International Economics, 2011)
Authors: Duan Jianhua , Qian Xuefeng , Das Kuntal K. , Meriluoto Laura , Reed W. Robert 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study replicates Ahn, Khandelwal, and Wei’s (2011) model of intermediary trade. The study produces two main results. First, the authors are able to reproduce empirical evidence for AKW’s three main predictions for Chinese exports. This is impressive because much of the data for their replication are independently sourced. However, when the authors subject their model to additional tests, they find that the evidence is not robust. Using more recently available data to test AKW′s first prediction, the authors estimate coefficients that are wrong-signed and significant. When they re-analyze the evidence supporting the second and third predictions, they find that the full sample results mask significant heterogeneity across Chinese regions. In many cases, key coefficients are insignificant. In a few cases, they are wrong-signed and significant. Finally, using multiple versions of a key variable measuring the number of required import documents by country, the authors discover that the results are not robust across versions.
PTR-TOF-MS eddy covariance measurements of isoprene and monoterpene fluxes from an eastern Amazonian rainforest
Authors: Sarkar Chinmoy , Guenther Alex B. , Park Jeong-Hoo , Seco Roger , Alves Eliane , Batalha Sarah , Santana Raoni , Kim Saewung , Smith James , Tóta Julio , Vega Oscar 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are important components of the atmosphere due to their contribution to atmospheric chemistry and biogeochemical cycles. Tropical forests are the largest source of the dominant BVOC emissions (e.g. isoprene and monoterpenes). In this study, we report isoprene and total monoterpene flux measurements with a proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS) using the eddy covariance (EC) method at the Tapajós National Forest (2.857∘ S, 54.959∘ W), a primary rainforest in eastern Amazonia. Measurements were carried out from 1 to 16 June 2014, during the wet-to-dry transition season. During the measurement period, the measured daytime (06:00–18:00 LT) average isoprene mixing ratios and fluxes were 1.15±0.60 ppb and 0.55±0.71 mg C m−2 h−1, respectively, whereas the measured daytime average total monoterpene mixing ratios and fluxes were 0.14±0.10 ppb and 0.20±0.25 mg C m−2 h−1, respectively. Midday (10:00–14:00 LT) average isoprene and total monoterpene mixing ratios were 1.70±0.49 and 0.24±0.05 ppb, respectively, whereas midday average isoprene and monoterpene fluxes were 1.24±0.68 and 0.46±0.22 mg C m−2 h−1, respectively. Isoprene and total monoterpene emissions in Tapajós were correlated with ambient temperature and solar radiation. Significant correlation with sensible heat flux, SHF (r2=0.77), was also observed. Measured isoprene and monoterpene fluxes were strongly correlated with each other (r2=0.93). The MEGAN2.1 (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature version 2.1) model could simulate most of the observed diurnal variations (r2=0.7 to 0.8) but declined a little later in the evening for both isoprene and total monoterpene fluxes. The results also demonstrate the importance of site-specific vegetation emission factors (EFs) for accurately simulating BVOC fluxes in regional and global BVOC emission models.
Between ecological convictions and practical considerations – profiles and motivations of residents in car-free housing developments in Germany and Switzerland
Authors: Baehler Daniel , Rérat Patrick 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Automobility still dominates transport and space in most European cities.
However, more and more initiatives are being taken to encourage a transition towards low-carbon mobility. One of these is car-free housing, where residents commit to living without a private car. This paper addresses their profiles and motivations based on a questionnaire survey (N=571) and interviews (N=50) in nine housing developments in Germany and Switzerland. Residents are characterised by an overrepresentation of families and people with a high level of education, two population groups that are usually more motorised than average. Their motivations and long-term commitment to living car-free can be explained by not only practical reasons (e.g. availability of alternative modes) but also ecological awareness and social values (as shown by the importance of cooperative housing). This paper sheds light on these urban laboratories where the principles of a post-car system are implemented.
Choice of the Retention Method After an Orthodontic Treatment-Rewiev
Authors: Jelešković Azra , Redzepagic-Vrazalica Lejla , Dzemidzic Vildana , Tiro Alisa , Nakas Enita 
Published: June 2020

Retention is a phase of orthodontic treatment devised to keep the teeth in a correct position once the orthodontic treatment has been completed. There are three main characteristics that each ideal retainer is required to have: to keep the teeth in the correct position after orthodontic therapy, to be long lasting and resistant to mechanical damage, and to have no adverse long-term effects on periodontal tissue. Through a computer-based browsing through a number of databases (such as, e.g. PubMed and Google Scholar) we have found and analysed various articles used in this research. The inclusion criteria to be met were: an overall availability of a research paper, the requirement that these research papers are published in English, that these research papers were published in the period 2007-2019, the requirement that the research papers should involve clinically randomized studies and that their titles contain one of the predefined keywords. The database browsing that is based on the said keywords and carried out within the above time frame has resulted in finding 165 relevant articles. A complete set of the inclusion criteria were met by 8 published research papers, but 7 articles were analysed in the end. The selected articles have compared different types of fixed and mobile retainers, different times of wearing the retainers, the impact that the retainers had on the periodontium, and the acceptability of different retention protocols for patients. The conclusion of this research paper is that bonded retainers prove to be most effective in stabilising the position of the incisors, particularly the lower ones, but that their disadvantages include the reopening of the extraction space and the retention of plaque due to difficulties in maintaining oral hygiene. Vacuum-formed retainers appear to be more effective than Hawley retainers in retaining the position of the incisors, and patients have indicated that they are more acceptable to wear. Hawley retainers prove to be most effective in preserving a closed extraction space, but they do now show solid results with regard to other segments. Changes in the overbite, overjet, arch length, and anterior and posterior widths did not show any significant statistical differences in the different types of retainers. Keywords: orthodontics, retention, stability, impact
EN GUISE DE PRÉLUDE : RETOUR SUR UN CLASSIQUE DU DROIT INTERNATIONAL AU XXE SIÈCLE
Authors: Haggenmacher Peter 
Published: June 2020

À la faveur de l’intitulé de cette journée d’étude on a cru bon de donner un aperçu du maître ouvrage de Charles de Visscher, l’une des grandes figures du droit international au XXe siècle pouvant encore inspirer le XXIe. S’opposant à diverses théories par trop abstraites à force de se vouloir cohérentes, l’auteur nous fait sans cesse revenir sur le terrain des réalités élémentaires, surtout politiques, auxquelles le droit international doit répondre s’il ne veut se discréditer par de vaines spéculations. Bien que daté par certains aspects, l’ouvrage reste pleinement actuel, même après la chute du mur de Berlin, grâce à l’attention qu’il porte aux problèmes fondamentaux et permanents de notre discipline. Ce qui lui vaut sa saveur particulière et son climat spécifique est que partout affleure la vaste culture générale (notamment historique) et l’expérience pratique (surtout judiciaire) d’un savant ouvert aux réalités politiques et humaines des rapports internationaux. Malgré son tour assez personnel, l’ouvrage constitue bien un classique, sorti de la plume d’un grand témoin du XXe siècle.
LE POSITIVISME JURIDIQUE AUJOURD’HUI : SCIENCE OU SCIENCE-FICTION ?
Authors: Corten Olivier 
Published: June 2020

Cette étude se concentre sur l’actualité paradoxale du positivisme juridique, qui est illustrée à partir d’un épisode de la série télévisée Star Trek. D’un côté, dès qu’il s’agit de proposer une interprétation du droit existant et de prétendre convaincre la « communauté des internationalistes », on recourt encore souvent, si pas systématiquement, à une pensée et à un raisonnement de type positiviste. Le positivisme offre un système de pensée, un cadre de référence fait de prémisses, de formules et de techniques, bref une science, permettant à des personnes avec des pensées, des cultures et des valeurs différentes ou opposées de dialoguer et le cas échéant de se mettre d’accord sur des conclusions normatives. Mais, d’un autre côté, le positivisme, s’il caractérise largement le discours ou la motivation juridique, qui intervient « en aval », n’est d’aucun secours pour dicter, en « amont », la prise de décision. En ce sens, plus personne n’est depuis longtemps « positiviste », si l’expression signifie la croyance que l’interprétation et l’application du droit puisse s’opérer de manière rationnelle, objective et neutre, et donc sans que n’interviennent des jugements de valeurs ou d’opportunité.
JUSTICE ENVIRONNEMENTALE ET PEUPLES AUTOCHTONES : LES POSSIBILITÉS ET LES LIMITES DE LA JURISPRUDENCE DE LA COUR INTERAMÉRICAINE DES DROITS DE L’HOMME
Authors: Thériault Sophie 
Published: June 2020

Cet article a pour objet d’analyser la notion de justice environnementale en prenant appui sur les décisions de la Cour interaméricaine des droits de l’homme portant sur l’interprétation et l’application des droits à la vie et à la propriété en contexte autochtone. Les peuples autochtones, dont les territoires ancestraux regorgent de ressources naturelles convoitées à des fins marchandes, doivent pour plusieurs composer avec les répercussions écologiques, sociales et culturelles délétères des activités extractives. Dans de telles circonstances, et en l’absence de recours efficaces et accessibles en droit interne, certains de ces peuples ont, durant la dernière décennie, mobilisé le système interaméricain des droits de la personne comme vecteur potentiel de droits et de justice sur le plan environnemental. Notre analyse nous amène à conclure que l’interprétation large et libérale, par la Cour interaméricaine, des droits et libertés fondamentaux consacrés par la Convention américaine des droits de l’homme est susceptible de contribuer, sous réserve de son effectivité, à une justice environnementale accrue pour les Autochtones. Il en est ainsi en particulier de l’affirmation d’un droit à une vie « digne » (« vida digna »), de même que de la reconnaissance du droit de propriété collectif des peuples autochtones. En revanche, cette jurisprudence, qui consacre à certaines conditions la préséance du développement économique sur le droit de propriété des peuples autochtones, ne permet pas de mettre en cause de manière plus radicale les dynamiques économiques et politiques à l’origine de la crise écologique contemporaine et des inégalités devant la dégradation environnementale. Dans l’optique de promouvoir la justice environnementale, l’interprétation et l’application des droits de la personne devraient rendre compte de manière encore plus audacieuse des rapports d’interdépendance qui unissent les êtres humains, leurs sociétés et l’environnement.
LA JUSTICE TRANSITIONNELLE À L’ÉPREUVE D’INÉGALITÉS STRUCTURELLES HISTORIQUES AU GUATEMALA
Authors: Vanthuyne Karine 
Published: June 2020

Cet article met en lumière les tensions qui se jouent entre les imaginaires politiques d’instigateurs d’initiatives dites de « justice transitionnelle », et ceux des participants à celles-ci, à partir de l’analyse du travail de mobilisation de survivants du conflit armé interne guatémaltèque pour un procès contre le haut commandement de l’armée pour génocide. Contribuer à une démocratisation « par le bas » du Guatemala en rétablissant la confiance des principales victimes du conflit, les autochtones, en l’État, constituait l’objectif principal du procès. Or, la poursuite de cet objectif s’est heurtée à l’expérience de domination politique et de marginalisation socio-économique historique, et encore actuelle, que vivent les autochtones dans ce pays. Du point de vue de ces derniers, du moins de ceux auprès desquels j’ai mené mes recherches, il n’y pas, et n’est pas prêt d’advenir, d’État de droit au Guatemala – qu’on parle d’un État de droit de nature procédurale ou substantielle. C’est pourquoi, tout en luttant pour la justice pour les massacres des leurs, ils continuent de rechercher des rapports clientélistes auprès des agences de développement ou des autorités politiques dont ils estiment pouvoir retirer un bénéfice matériel. Il en va, selon eux, de leur « survie » matérielle, dans un contexte d’extrême précarité et de criminalisation croissante des mouvements de revendications autochtones pour le respect de leurs droits.
ACTUALITÉ DU COSMOPOLITISME JURIDIQUE : REVENIR À KANT POUR MIEUX LE DÉPASSER ?
Authors: Dupuy Pierre-Marie 
Published: June 2020

Le projet de paix perpétuelle de Kant affirme la nécessité pour la communauté des Etats de se doter d’une constitution. Le droit est ainsi appelé à jouer un rôle fondateur dans le dessin cosmopolitique lui-même, à la fois comme moyen d’intégrer la règle éthique dans la norme juridique et comme finalité, lorsqu’il affirme les droits de l’individu indépendamment de sa nationalité. L’apparition en son sein de normes non plus obligatoires mais impératives (jus cogens) manifeste que la communauté internationale veut affirmer l’adhésion à des valeurs communes, ce concept étant ici à prendre comme une « fiction juridique » ; c’est-à-dire, contrairement au sens commun, comme une technique d’affirmation convenue d’une réalité instituée indépendamment de son effectivité sociale. La promotion du cosmopolitisme ne passe pas forcément par la dimension macro-institutionnelle. On aurait tort de penser que l’apparition de la citoyenneté mondiale passe nécessairement par la création, totalement irréaliste à bref comme à long terme, d’un Etat voire seulement d’un Parlement mondial. En fait, le droit international, dont un fondement concurrent de celui de la souveraineté étatique est, depuis 1945, l’affirmation des libertés fondamentales de la personne, est, malgré ses très nombreuses insuffisances, d’ores et déjà cosmopolitique. Bien qu’il reste d’abord conditionné par l’assentiment des Etats, il s’affirme déjà partiellement, notamment au sein des organes délibérants des grandes organisations intergouvernementales, comme droit de la communauté des peuples. La société civile internationale dans sa dimension associative joue à cet égard un rôle déterminant. C’est donc au modèle fédératif, au sens le plus large du terme, qu’il faut se référer pour « dépasser » Kant en recherchant d’abord dans le caractère démocratique du pouvoir et non plus seulement dans sa forme républicaine la condition première de l’atténuation radicale de la violence à l’échelle internationale.