bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcomes and adverse events in patients hospitalised with COVID‐19, treated with off‐label hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin
Authors: Kelly Mary , O'Connor Ròisìn , Townsend Liam , Coghlan Miriam , Relihan Eileen , Moriarty Miriam , Carr Bernard , Melanophy Gail , Doyle Caitriona , Bannan Ciaran , O'Riordan Ruth , Merry Concepta , Clarke Susie , Bergin Colm 
Published: July 2020

AimsTo assess clinical outcomes and adverse drug events in patients hospitalised with COVID‐19 treated with off‐label hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and azithromycin (Az).MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of hospitalised patients who had a positive polymerase chain reaction test for SARS‐CoV‐2 and received HCQ plus Az or no targeted therapy. The primary end point was clinical improvement on day 7 defined as either hospital discharge or an improvement of 2 points on a 6‐category ordinal scale. Secondary outcomes included mortality at day 28, intensive care admission, requirement for mechanical ventilation and incidence of adverse events.ResultsData from a total of 134 patients were evaluated; 82 patients received HCQ/Az and 52 patients received no targeted therapy. Clinical improvement was seen in 26.8% of patients who received HCQ/Az but this was not significant. The rates of intensive care transfer and mechanical ventilation were higher in the treatment group, but these differences were not significant. Mortality at day 28 was significantly higher in the treatment group (P = .03). Hypoglycaemia elevated liver function tests and QT prolongation were monitored in both groups. The risk of QT prolongation was significantly higher in the treatment group. Treatment was stopped early in 6 (7.3%) patients due to adverse events.ConclusionAlthough patients who received HCQ/Az were more severely ill the administration of these repurposed drugs did not result in clinical improvement and was associated with a significant increase in toxicity. This descriptive study highlights the importance of monitoring all repurposed agents for adverse events.
Developmental population pharmacokinetics of caffeine in Chinese premature infants with apnoea of prematurity: A post‐marketing study to support paediatric labelling in China
Authors: Gao Xiang‐Bo , Zheng Yi , Yang Fan , Wang Chen‐Hong , Jiang Zhou‐Hong , Wu Yue‐E , Jacqz‐Aigrain Evelyne , Ni Shao‐Qing , Zhao Wei 
Published: July 2020

AimsThe aim of the study was to evaluate the suitability of the current caffeine dosing regimen for the Chinese population using modelling and simulation approach.MethodsPharmacokinetic samples were collected from 99 Chinese newborns with premature apnoea. The median (range) of gestational age and postmenstrual age were 28.3 (25.0–33.4) weeks and 31.1 (26.4–38.0) weeks, respectively. Newborns were receiving caffeine citrate at a loading dose of 20 mg/kg/d and a maintenance dose of 5–10 mg/kg/d. Caffeine concentrations and CYP1A2 polymorphisms were investigated. Population pharmacokinetic modelling of caffeine in Chinese preterm newborn on a population‐wide scale was conducted using NONMEM.ResultsA 1‐compartment model with first‐order elimination was used to describe population pharmacokinetic. With current weight implemented using 0.75 allometric scaling, clearance (CL) was positively related to current weight and postmenstrual age, but a negative relationship was observed with serum creatinine concentration. Eight genotypes of CYP1A2 were tested and none of them had a significant impact on caffeine pharmacokinetic parameters. Interindividual variability of CL and volume of distribution was 7.70 and 65.9%. The median (range) of 95% confidence intervals of CL were 0.0128 (0.0128–0.0131) L/h/kg. Monte Carlo simulation demonstrated that 80% (loading dose) and 98% (maintenance dose) of premature infants treated with a labelled dosing regimen attained the concentration target range of 5–20 mg/L.ConclusionA population PK model of caffeine was developed in Chinese newborns. Body weight‐implemented allometric scaling, postmenstrual age and serum creatinine concentration markedly affected caffeine clearance. The labelled dosing regimen is suitable for Chinese premature infants.
Congenital tumors of the central nervous system: an institutional review of 64 cases with emphasis on tumors with unique histologic and molecular characteristics
Authors: Viaene Angela N. , Pu Cunfeng , Perry Arie , Li Marilyn M. , Luo Minjie , Santi Mariarita 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCongenital brain tumors are rare accounting for 0.5%–1.9% of all pediatric brain tumors. While different criteria have been used to classify a tumor as congenital, those diagnosed prior to 6 months of age are considered to be “probably” congenital in origin. We performed an institutional review of all central nervous system (CNS) tumors (surgical and autopsy specimens from 1990 to 2019) in patients less than 6 months old. Sixty‐four unique cases were identified, and these accounted for 2.0% of all CNS tumor specimens at our institution. The most common tumor types were high‐grade gliomas, low‐grade gliomas and medulloblastomas. Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors, choroid plexus tumors and germ cell tumors also accounted for a significant portion of the cohort. Seven tumors were diagnosed prenatally. The most common clinical presentation at diagnosis was increased head circumference. At the conclusion of the study, over half of the patients were alive including all patients with WHO grade I and II tumors. Ninety‐two percent of cases were classifiable using the 2016 WHO system, and when available, molecular findings supported the histologic diagnoses. However, several gliomas had unusual histologic features and did not correspond to a well‐defined entity. Molecular testing was essential for accurate classification of a subset of these tumors, and several high‐grade gliomas exhibited fusions considered unique to infantile gliomas, including those involving theMET, ALKand NTRK genes. To our knowledge, this cohort represents the largest single‐institution study of congenital CNS tumors and highlights many ways in which congenital CNS tumors are distinct from CNS tumors of older pediatric patients and adults.
Child development assessment: Practitioner input in the revision for Griffiths III
Authors: Green Elizabeth M. , Stroud Louise , Marx Candice , Cronje Johan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe input from practitioners in developmental assessment test revision is a crucial and leading component of the project. This paper highlights six key phases of the Griffiths III revision process and the value of having a guiding plan that includes test practitioner input.MethodsThe revision of the Griffiths III consisted of six separate phases that were supported by practitioner and user input and feedback. These six phases and practitioner views ensured that the necessary core constructs and new areas for item development were included in the revised version. These processes also underscored the construct development and task review, item design, piloting and standardization of the revised version, as well as its production, release and subsequent training methods.ResultsThe six guiding phases provided a methodologically robust frame to the revision process. Practitioners valued an overall developmental measure with discrete data about and within the ‘avenues of learning’ allowing them to analyse a child's strengths and weaknesses. Communication with practitioners across the world demonstrated the wide disparity of culture and environments that the Griffiths Scales are deployed in. It is not possible to design a revised scale that is appropriate for all areas of use, so in this revision process, it was decided to design the scales as culturally fair as possible and support practitioners in other countries to translate and validate the scales for use.ConclusionsThe revision of the Griffiths III found test users to be valuable sources of information on the basis of their experiences with the test and professional knowledge. Creating a continuous feedback mechanism within a phased process provided opportunities for the revision team to engage meaningfully with the data being obtained as well as test users to advance the scope and quality of the test. Revision teams are encouraged to consider the process and engagement methods explored in this study during their projects.
Fathers’ Involvement in Chinese Societies: Increasing Presence, Uneven Progress
Authors: Li Xuan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChinese fathers, who have been understudied, traditionally were expected to act as emotionally distant educators and disciplinarians of their children as well as heads of the household. Their dual roles as parents and as men evolved during modern social transformations following divergent paths, with their parental role departing from the Confucian patriarchal ideal further than did their gender role. Today, in Chinese societies, fathers are more involved in child‐rearing and warmer to their children than their predecessors, but comparable progress toward a quantitatively and qualitatively equal division of child‐rearing responsibilities between parents remains lacking. Chinese fathers’ involvement varies by geolocation, social class, and maternal support; their participation in their children’s lives benefits children’s adjustment, possibly through secure father–child attachment, and is influenced by the relationship between fathers and mothers. Researchers should address how Chinese fathers’ increasing but gendered involvement affects children’s and families’ functioning, study fathers in diverse families, and incorporate grandparents into research on fathering.
Effect of Twinning on Chinese and English Vocabulary Knowledge
Authors: Wong Simpson W.L. , Cheung Him , Zheng Mo , Yang Xiujie , McBride Catherine , Ho Connie Suk‐Han , Leung Judy Sze‐Man , Chow Bonnie Wing‐Yin , Waye Mary Miu Yee 
Published: July 2020

Vocabulary knowledge was tested in a native (Cantonese‐Chinese) and foreign (English) language in 150 twins and 150 singletons aged 6–11 years, matched on age, gender, grade level, nonverbal intelligence, parents’ education, family income, and number of siblings and household members. The singletons clearly outperformed the twins on the native vocabulary, but this “twinning effect” was much less noticeable for the foreign vocabulary. The effect on English vocabulary was further reduced after exposure to English at home was controlled. Given that these participants learned most of their English in school rather than home, the present findings support the notion that the twinning effect is associated with increased competition for family interaction in twins compared with singletons.
Rapamycin-based graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis increases the immunosuppressivity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells without affecting T cells and anti-tumor cytotoxicity
Authors: Scheurer J , Reisser T , Leithäuser F , Messmann J J , Holzmann K , Debatin K-M , Strauss G 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe immunosuppressant rapamycin (RAPA) inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) functions and is applied after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) to attenuate the development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), although the cellular targets of RAPA treatment are not well defined. Allogeneic T cells are the main drivers of GVHD, while immunoregulatory myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were recently identified as potent disease inhibitors. In this study, we analyzed whether RAPA prevents the deleterious effects of allogeneic T cells or supports the immunosuppressive functions of MDSCs in a BMT model with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) classes I and II disparities. RAPA treatment efficiently attenuated clinical and histological GVHD and strongly decreased disease-induced mortality. Although splenocyte numbers increased during RAPA treatment, the ratio of effector T cells to MDSCs was unaltered. However, RAPA treatment induced massive changes in the genomic landscape of MDSCs preferentially up-regulating genes responsible for uptake or signal transduction of lipopeptides and lipoproteins. Most importantly, MDSCs from RAPA-treated mice exhibited increased immunosuppressive potential, which was primarily inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-dependent. Surprisingly, RAPA treatment had no impact on the genomic landscape of T cells, which was reflected by unchanged expression of activation and exhaustion markers and cytokine profiles in T cells from RAPA-treated and untreated mice. Similarly, T cell cytotoxicity and the graft-versus-tumor effect were maintained as co-transplanted tumor cells were efficiently eradicated, indicating that the immunosuppressant RAPA might be an attractive approach to strengthen the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs without affecting T cell immunity.
Salivary cortisol, cortisone and serum cortisol concentrations are related to age and body mass index in healthy children and young people
Authors: Titman Andrew , Price Victoria , Hawcutt Daniel , Chesters Chris , Ali Murtaza , Cacace Gianluca , Lancaster Gill A. , Peak Matthew , Blair Joanne C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundSaliva is an ideal medium in which to measure cortisol in children. However, there are very few data reporting salivary cortisol or cortisone concentrations in healthy children since the introduction of liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) to routine laboratory practice.DesignEarly morning serum cortisol, salivary cortisol and cortisone were measured on fasting samples, and salivary hormones were measured in samples collected every 2 hours during waking hours, and 30 minutes after waking the following morning.Participants43 healthy paediatric volunteers (19 female), median age 11.5 years, range 6.2‐18.7, participated.ResultsEarly morning serum cortisol (265 nmol/L, 156‐516) correlated strongly with salivary cortisol (4.7 nmol/L, 1.1‐14.6) and cortisone (28.8 nmol/L, 11.7‐56.6),P < .0001 for both. Serum cortisol, salivary cortisol and salivary cortisone correlated directly with age (P < .0001,P = .002 andP = .015, respectively), and salivary cortisone/cortisol ratio correlated indirectly with age (P = .007). Between 08.00 and 21.00, area under the curve for salivary cortisol (mean ± 1 SD) was 41.8 ± 19.1 and for cortisone 213.0 ± 61.2. Salivary cortisol was undetectable in 25/130 (19%) of samples collected after 13.00, while cortisone was always detectable.DiscussionSalivary cortisol and cortisone concentrations are strongly related to serum cortisol concentrations; however, cortisone may be a preferable measure as cortisol is often undetectable. Age may be an important factor in the interpretation of early morning cortisol measurements made in serum and saliva.
Loss‐of‐function mutation in DNAH8 induces asthenoteratospermia associated with multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella
Authors: Yang Yihong , Jiang Chuan , Zhang Xueguang , Liu Xue , Li Jinghong , Qiao Xiaoyong , Liu Hongqian , Shen Ying 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAsthenozoospermia is a common cause of male infertility associated with the reduced motility and/or abnormal morphology of spermatozoa, although its etiology remains incompletely understood. Multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF) is one of the main causes of asthenozoospermia. However, the MMAF‐associated genes identified to date cannot explain all the human MMAF cases. Herein, a loss‐of‐function mutation of DNAH8 was identified in an asthenozoospermia patient with MMAF. Moreover, the negative effect of this mutation on DNAH8 expression was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining and western blotting. Remarkably, it is the first time that DNAH8 is suggested to be associated with human MMAF. Our findings provide strong evidence that a loss‐of‐function mutation in DNAH8 can cause male infertility with MMAF and that DNAH8 is essential for sperm flagellar formation.
Representative Isovalue Detection and Isosurface Segmentation Using Novel Isosurface Measures
Authors: Wang Cuilan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInterval volume is the volume of the region between two isosurfaces. This paper proposes a novel measure, called VOA measure, that is computed based on interval volume and isosurface area. This measure represents the rate of change of distance between isosurfaces with respect to isovalue. It can be used to detect representative isovalues of the dataset since two isosurfaces near material boundaries tend to be much closer to each other than two isosurfaces in material interiors, assuming they have the same isovalue difference. For the same isosurface, some portion of it may pass through the boundary of two materials and some portion of it may pass through the interior of a material. To separate the portions of an isosurface that represent different features of the dataset, another novel isosurface measure is introduced. This measure is calculated based on the Euclidean distance of individual sample points on two isosurfaces. The effectiveness of the two new measures in detecting significant isovalues and segmenting isosurfaces are demonstrated in the paper.
Bombalytics: Visualization of Competition and Collaboration Strategies of Players in a Bomb Laying Game
Authors: Agarwal Shivam , Wallner Günter , Beck Fabian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCompetition and collaboration form complex interaction patterns between the agents and objects involved. Only by understanding these interaction patterns, we can reveal the strategies the participating parties applied. In this paper, we study such competition and collaboration behavior for a computer game. Serving as a testbed for artificial intelligence, the multiplayer bomb laying game Pommerman provides a rich source of advanced behavior of computer agents. We propose a visualization approach that shows an overview of multiple games, with a detailed timeline‐based visualization for exploring the specifics of each game. Since an analyst can only fully understand the data when considering the direct and indirect interactions between agents, we suggest various visual encodings of these interactions. Based on feedback from expert users and an application example, we demonstrate that the approach helps identify central competition strategies and provides insights on collaboration.
Ocupado: Visualizing Location‐Based Counts Over Time Across Buildings
Authors: Oppermann Michael , Munzner Tamara 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUnderstanding how spaces in buildings are being used is vital for optimizing space utilization, for improving resource allocation, and for the design of new facilities. We present a multi‐year design study that resulted in Ocupado, a set of visual decision‐support tools centered around occupancy data for stakeholders in facilities management and planning. Ocupado uses WiFi devices as a proxy for human presence, capturing location‐based counts that preserve privacy without trajectories. We contribute data and task abstractions for studying space utilization for combinations of data granularities in both space and time. In addition, we contribute generalizable design choices for visualizing location‐based counts relating to indoor environments. We provide evidence of Ocupado's utility through multiple analysis scenarios with real‐world data refined through extensive stakeholder feedback, and discussion of its take‐up by our industry partner.
A Visual Analytics Approach to Facilitate Crime Hotspot Analysis
Authors: de Queiroz Neto José F. , Santos Emanuele , Vidal Creto Augusto , Ebert David S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractComputer‐based technology has played a significant role in crime prevention over the past 30 years, especially with the popularization of spatial databases and crime mapping systems. Police departments frequently use hotspot analysis to identify regions that should be a priority in receiving preventive resources. Practitioners and researchers agree that tracking crime over time and identifying its geographic patterns are vital information for planning efficiently. Frequently, police departments have access to systems that are too complicated and excessively technical, leading to modest usage. By working closely together with domain experts from police agencies of two different countries, we identified and characterized five domain tasks inherent to the hotspot analysis problem and developed SHOC, a visualization tool that strives for simplicity and ease of use in helping users to perform all the domain tasks. SHOC is included in a visual analytics system that allows users without technical expertise to annotate, save, and share analyses. We also demonstrate that our system effectively supports the completion of the domain tasks in two different real‐world case studies.
Boxer: Interactive Comparison of Classifier Results
Authors: Gleicher Michael , Barve Aditya , Yu Xinyi , Heimerl Florian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMachine learning practitioners often compare the results of different classifiers to help select, diagnose and tune models. We present Boxer, a system to enable such comparison. Our system facilitates interactive exploration of the experimental results obtained by applying multiple classifiers to a common set of model inputs. The approach focuses on allowing the user to identify interesting subsets of training and testing instances and comparing performance of the classifiers on these subsets. The system couples standard visual designs with set algebra interactions and comparative elements. This allows the user to compose and coordinate views to specify subsets and assess classifier performance on them. The flexibility of these compositions allow the user to address a wide range of scenarios in developing and assessing classifiers. We demonstrate Boxer in use cases including model selection, tuning, fairness assessment, and data quality diagnosis.
Short‐Contact Touch‐Manipulation of Scatterplot Matrices on Wall Displays
Authors: Riehmann P. , León G. Molina , Reibert J. , Echtler F. , Froehlich B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a short‐contact multitouch vocabulary for interacting with scatterplot matrices (SPLOMs) on wall‐sized displays. Fling‐based gestures overcome central interaction challenges of such large displays by avoiding long swipes on the typically blunt surfaces, frequent physical navigation by walking for accessing screen areas beyond arm's reach in the horizontal direction and uncomfortable postures for accessing screen areas in the vertical direction. Furthermore, we make use of the display's high resolution and large size by supporting the efficient specification of two‐tiered focus + context regions which are consistently propagated across the SPLOM. These techniques are complemented by axis‐centered and lasso‐based selection techniques for specifying subsets of the data. An expert review as well as a user study confirmed the potential and general usability of our seamlessly integrated multitouch interaction techniques for SPLOMs on large vertical displays.