bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Where is the teacher? Digital analytics for classroom proxemics
Authors: Martinez‐Maldonado Roberto , Schulte Jurgen , Echeverria Vanessa , Gopalan Yuveena , Shum Simon Buckingham 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe term Classroom Proxemics refers to how teachers and students use classroom space, and the impact of this and the spatial design on learning and teaching. This study addresses the divide between, on the one hand, substantial work on proxemics based on classroom observations and, on the other hand, emerging work to design automated feedback that helps teachers identify salient patterns in their use of the classroom space. This study documents how digital analytics were designed in service of a senior teacher's practice‐based inquiry into classroom proxemics. Indoor positioning data from four teachers were analysed, visualized and used as evidence to compare three distinct learning designs enacted in a physics classroom. This study demonstrates how teachers can make effective use of such visualizations, to gain insight into their classroom practice. This is evidenced by (a) documenting teachers' reflections on visualizations of positioning data, both their own and that of peers and (b) identifying the types of indicator (operationalized as analytical metrics) that foreground the most useful information for teachers to gain insight into their practice.
Sestrin 2 attenuates sepsis‐associated encephalopathy through the promotion of autophagy in hippocampal neurons
Authors: Luo Lili , Wu Jinlin , Qiao Lina , Lu Guoyan , Li Jinhui , Li Deyuan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSepsis‐associated encephalopathy (SAE) has typically been associated with a poor prognosis. Although sestrin 2 (SESN2) plays a crucial role in metabolic regulation and the stress response, its expression and functional roles in SAE are still unclear. In the present study, SAE was established in mice through caecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The adeno‐associated virus 2 (AAV2)‐mediated SESN2 expression (ie overexpression and knockdown) system was injected into the hippocampi of mice with SAE, and subsequently followed by electron microscopic analysis, the Morris water maze task and pathological examination. Our results demonstrated an increase of SESN2 in the hippocampal neurons of mice with SAE, 2‐16 hours following CLP. AAV2‐mediated ectopic expression of SESN2 attenuated brain damage and loss of learning and memory functions in mice with SAE, and these effects were associated with lower pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus. Mechanistically, SESN2 promoted unc‐51‐like kinase 1 (ULK1)‐dependent autophagy in hippocampal neurons through the activation of the AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway. Finally, AMPK inhibition by SBI‐0206965 blocked SESN2‐mediated attenuation of SAE in mice. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that SESN2 might be a novel pharmacological intervention strategy for SAE treatment through promotion of ULK1‐dependent autophagy in hippocampal neurons.
Regulation of laryngeal squamous cell cancer progression by the lncRNA RP11‐159K7.2/miR‐206/DNMT3A axis
Authors: Wang Xin , Yu Boyu , Jin Qianqian , Zhang Junyi , Yan Bingrui , Yang Like , Li Yushan , Li Qiuying , Wang Peng , Sun Chuanhui , Liu Ming , Tian Linli , Sun Yanan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLong non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are longer than 200 nt, have been proved to play a role in promoting or inhibiting cancer progression. The following study investigated the role and underlying mechanisms of lncRNA RP11‐159K7.2 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) progression. Briefly, in situ hybridization (ISH) and real‐time quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) showed higher expression of RP11‐159K7.2 in LSCC tissues and cell lines. Patients with low expression level of RP11‐159K7.2 lived longer compared to those with high expression of RP11‐159K7.2 (χ2 = 39.111, ***P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis suggested that lncRNA RP11‐159K7.2 was an independent prognostic factor for LSCC patients (HR = 2.961, ***P < 0.001). Furthermore, to investigate the potential involvement of RP11‐159K7.2 in the development of LSCC, we knocked out the expression of endogenous RP11‐159K7.2 in TU‐212 cells and AMC‐HN‐8 cells via CRISPR/Cas9 double vector lentiviral system. RP11‐159K7.2 knockout decreased LSCC cell growth and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, we found that RP11‐159K7.2 could positively regulate the expression of DNMT3A by sponging miR‐206. In addition, a feedback loop was also discovered between DNMT3A and miR‐206. To sum up, these findings suggest that lncRNA RP11‐159K7.2 could be used as a potential biomarker for prognosis and treatment of LSCC.
COVID‐19 and paediatric health services: A survey of paediatric physicians in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Foley David A , Kirk Michael , Jepp Catherine , Brophy‐Williams Sam , Tong Steven Y C , Davis Joshua S , Blyth Christopher C , O'Brien Matthew P , Bowen Asha C , Yeoh Daniel K ,   Study endorsed by ASID CRN and ANZPID Group
Published: May 2020

AimsCOVID‐19 is now a global pandemic. At the time of survey, fewer than 150 children in Australia and New Zealand had documented infection. The aim of this study was to assess attitudes, readiness and confidence in the early stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic through an online survey of paediatric physicians and sub‐specialists across Australia and New Zealand.MethodsMultiple email list groups were used to contact paediatric physicians to undertake an online Likert scale survey between 17 and 24 March. Respondents' specialty, experience and work setting were recorded. Ordinal logistic regression was used to determine respondent factors.ResultsThere were 542 respondents from across Australia and New Zealand: an estimated 11% of the paediatric physician workforce. A minority (36.6%) agreed that their national response had been well coordinated; the majority (92.7%) agreed that senior‐level hospital administrators were taking the situation seriously. Most reported a good understanding of the natural history of COVID‐19 in children, and knowledge of where to find local information. A large proportion of physicians (86.1%) were worried about becoming infected through their work; few (5.8%) reported that they would not come to work to avoid infection. Closure of school and childcares would reduce the ability to continue work at current capacity for 23.6% of respondents.ConclusionDespite limited experience in pandemics, most paediatric physicians felt informed. Concern about exposure at work is common; most were willing to work regardless. The closure of schools and daycares may have an impact on staffing. Coordination and leadership will be critical.
Exposure to total 36‐hr sleep deprivation reduces physiological and psychological thermal strain to whole‐body uncompensable passive heat stress in young adult men
Authors: Cernych Margarita , Satas Andrius , Rapalis Andrius , Marozas Vaidotas , Malciene Lina , Lukosevicius Arunas , Daniuseviciute Laura , Brazaitis Marius 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTotal sleep deprivation (TSD) is associated with endothelial dysfunction and a consequent decrease in vascular reactivity and increase in peripheral vascular resistance. These effectors compromise the body's ability to thermoregulate in hot and cold stress conditions. We investigated heat‐unacclimated young adult men (26 ± 2 years) to determine whether 36 hr of TSD compared to an 8 or 4‐hr sleep condition, would suppress the responses of the autonomic system (body rectal temperature [Tre], heart rate [HR], root mean square of successive interbeat intervals, physiological strain, blood pressure [BP], circulating blood catecholamines, sweating rate and subjective sensations) to whole‐body uncompensable passive heat stress in traditional Finnish sauna heat (Tair = 80–90°C, rh = 30%). Sauna bathing that induced whole‐body hyperthermia had a residual effect on reducing BP in the 8‐hr and 4‐hr sleep per night conditions according to BP measurements. By contrast, 36 hr of total wakefulness led to an increase in BP. These observed sleep deprivation‐dependent differences in BP modifications were not accompanied by changes in the blood plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations. However, during sauna bathing, an increase in BP following 36 hr of TSD was accompanied by significant decreases in body Tre, HR and physiological strain, together with a diminished sweating rate, enhanced vagus‐mediated autonomic control of HR variability, and improved thermal perception by the subjects. Our results suggest the impaired ability of the body to accumulate external heat in the body's core under uncompensable passive heat conditions following 36 hr of TSD, because of the TSD‐attenuated autonomic system response to acute heat stress.
Supporting adaptive capacity of agropastoralists through fish production and marketing: The case of Tendaho Reservoir
Authors: Yami Mesay , Wubie Alemayehu , Cheffo Abebe , Mesfin Yared 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe present study was conducted to share the experience of promoting fish production and marketing from the Tendaho Reservoir of the Afar region, Ethiopia. The study results indicate the reservoir is serving its purpose, namely to generate gainful employment for the pastoralist youth and to create sustainable livelihoods and sources of income for the pastoralist‐fishermen of the Afar region. Further, the reservoir fish production has improved the nutrition and food security status of children. It also created a new business entry for hotels and restaurants in the area. Fishermen in the study areas, however, face problems getting the required support for such efforts, in the form of training in fish post‐harvest practices. The present study also indicates dried catfish marketing should be targeted in the short run to address the substantial fish spoilage observed in the high‐production hot season. Dried catfish marketing is highly recommended for the Afar region since it is well adapted to the climate of the study area, noting the product is less perishable and can be sold throughout the country. Dried catfish marketing is also expected to address the problem of gender inclusiveness, an issue clearly missing in the fish production system in the study areas.
Low dopamine transporter binding in the nucleus accumbens in geriatric patients with severe depression
Authors: Moriya Hiroki , Tiger Mikael , Tateno Amane , Sakayori Takeshi , Masuoka Takahiro , Kim WooChan , Arakawa Ryosuke , Okubo Yoshiro 
Published: May 2020

AimDysfunction of dopaminergic neurons in the central nervous system is considered to be related to major depressive disorder (MDD). Especially, MDD in geriatric patients is characterized by anhedonia, which is assumed to be associated with reduced dopamine neurotransmission in the reward system. Dopamine transporter (DAT) is considered to reflect the function of the dopamine nerve system. However, previous DAT imaging studies using single photon emission computed tomography or positron emission tomography (PET) have shown inconsistent results. The radioligand [18F]FE‐PE2I for PET enables more precise evaluation of DAT availability. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the DAT availability in geriatric patients with MDD using [18F]FE‐PE2I.MethodsEleven geriatric patients with severe MDD and 27 healthy controls underwent PET with [18F]FE‐PE2I, which has high affinity and selectivity for DAT. Binding potentials (BPND) in the striatum (caudate and putamen), nucleus accumbens (NAc), and substantia nigra were calculated. BPND values were compared between MDD patients and healthy controls.ResultsMDD patients showed significantly lower DAT BPND in the NAc (P = 0.009), and there was a trend of lower BPND in the putamen (P = 0.032) compared to controls.ConclusionWe found low DAT in the NAc and putamen in geriatric patients with severe MDD, which could be related to dysregulation of the reward system.
Policy impact assessment in developing countries using Social Accounting Matrices: The Kenya SAM 2014
Authors: Mainar‐Causapé Alfredo José , Boulanger Pierre , Dudu Hasan , Ferrari Emanuele 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper describes the structure and estimation of a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) of Kenya for the year 2014. Among its specificities, this SAM includes a very high disaggregation of the agri‐food sector and accounts for the double role of households as producers and consumers. Accounting for these characteristics is crucial to provide robust socioeconomic analysis in the context of developing countries. Indeed, this type of database is valuable to perform ex‐ante evaluations of economic policies with various economic models and techniques. In this paper, we present an application with a linear multiplier analysis (backward linkages and value chain decomposition). The results show the capacity of the primary sector in Kenya to generate value added and employment, with this growth distributed more intensely in rural households whose main livelihood is semi‐subsistence agriculture.
Variable Selection in Functional Linear Concurrent Regression
Authors: Ghosal Rahul , Maity Arnab , Clark Timothy , Longo Stefano B. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryWe propose a novel method for variable selection in functional linear concurrent regression. Our research is motivated by a fisheries footprint study where the goal is to identify important time-varying sociostructural drivers influencing patterns of seafood consumption, and hence the fisheries footprint, over time, as well as estimating their dynamic effects. We develop a variable-selection method in functional linear concurrent regression extending the classically used scalar-on-scalar variable-selection methods like the lasso, smoothly clipped absolute deviation (SCAD) and minimax concave penalty (MCP). We show that in functional linear concurrent regression the variable-selection problem can be addressed as a group lasso, and their natural extension: the group SCAD or a group MCP problem. Through simulations, we illustrate that our method, particularly with the group SCAD or group MCP, can pick out the relevant variables with high accuracy and has minuscule false positive and false negative rate even when data are observed sparsely, are contaminated with noise and the error process is highly non-stationary. We also demonstrate two real data applications of our method in studies of dietary calcium absorption and fisheries footprint in the selection of influential time-varying covariates.
Reducing unemployment? Examining the interplay between active labour market policies
Authors: Fredriksson Daniel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractActive labour market policies (ALMP) are important tools that welfare states utilize to influence the labour market. This study analyses the macroeconomic effects of different types of ALMP spending on aggregate unemployment rates, and especially if there is evidence of interdependencies between policies. The types of policies scrutinized are public employment services (PES), training programs, public job creation and subsidized employment, where the PES is singled out as a crucial factor that moderates the effects of other types of labour market programs. The study examines 19 welfare states between 1985 and 2013, using error correction modelling to separate between short‐ and long‐term effects. The results indicate that PES, training and subsidized employment reduce unemployment in the short‐run, whereas PES and wage subsidies are associated with reduced unemployment when considering long‐term effects. However, PES is found to have indirect effects on other policy types and increased spending on PES is shown to reinforce long‐term effects of training programs.
Origin of isolated seamounts in the Canary Basin (East Atlantic): The role of plume material in the origin of seamounts not associated with hotspot tracks
Authors: Long Xiaojun , Geldmacher Jörg , Hoernle Kaj , Hauff Folkmar , Wartho Jo‐Anne , Garbe‐Schönberg C.‐Dieter 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn contrast to seamount chains, small solitary seamounts/seamount groups have rarely been sampled despite their large number and therefore their origins remain enigmatic. Here we present new 40Ar/39Ar, trace element and Nd‐Hf‐Pb isotope data from the solitary Demenitskoy Seamount, the isolated Tolkien seamount group and the Krylov Seamount and Ridge in the Canary Basin, Central Atlantic Ocean. Their chemical compositions range from intraplate ocean‐island‐basalt (Demenitskoy) to mid‐ocean‐ridge‐basalt (Tolkien and Krylov) types. Lavas from all three seamount groups, however, show geochemical evidence for involvement of enriched Canary/Cape Verde plume material. Seismic tomography shows that large areas around these mantle plumes consist of dispersed low‐velocity material, which could represent diffusely‐upwelling plume mantle. Melts from such upwelling mantle could form isolated seamounts. Diffuse upwelling of plume material is likely to be extremely widespread but has been poorly studied to date.Significance StatementA fundamental question concerns the origin of the hundreds of thousands of solitary seamounts and small isolated clusters of such seamounts on the seafloor of the world's ocean basins. Most of them do not fit into any currently accepted models (e.g. they are not associated with a linear hotspot track or plate boundary processes). Their formation could therefore represent a new kind of intraplate volcanism that in fact could be extremely widespread but has been thus far largely neglected. In this manuscript, we report geochemical data from three isolated seamount sites in the Canary Basin and propose a provocative model for their formation that can also be applied to isolated seamounts elsewhere. Our study is therefore also a plea for the long overdue systematic investigation of small seamount volcanism in the world's ocean basins.I hereby confirm that all the data and interpretations are new and have not been published elsewhere. All co‐authors have been actively involved in this work, have approved the manuscript and agreed to this submission.
Developmental trajectories of infants born at less than 30 weeks’ gestation on the Bayley-III Scales
Authors: Durrant Chloe , Wong Hilary S , Cole Tim J , Hutchon Betty , Collier Lynn , Wright Anna , George Cara , De Haan Michelle , Huertas Ceballos Angela 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo describe the cognitive, language and motor developmental trajectories of children born very preterm and to identify perinatal factors that predict the trajectories.DesignData from a cohort of 1142 infants born at <30 weeks’ gestation who were prospectively assessed on the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third edition (Bayley-III) at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months corrected age, were analysed using the Super Imposition by Translation and Rotation (SITAR) growth curve analysis model.Main outcome measuresDevelopmental trajectory SITAR models for Bayley-III cognitive, language (receptive and expressive communication subscales) and motor (fine and gross motor subscales) scores.ResultsThe successfully fitted SITAR models explained 62% of variance in cognitive development, 68% in receptive communication, 53% in fine motor and 68% in the gross motor development. There was too much variation in the expressive communication subscale to fit a SITAR model. The rate of development (gradient of the curve) best explains the variation in trajectories of development in all domains. Lower gestational age, lower birth weight and male sex significantly predicted a slower rate of development.ConclusionThe rate of development, rather than single time point developmental assessment, best predicts the very preterm infant’s developmental trajectory and should be the focus for monitoring and early intervention.
Oral nitroglycerin solution for oesophageal food impaction: a prospective single-arm pilot study
Authors: Willenbring Benjamin Aaron , Schnitker Callie Korliss , Stellpflug Samuel J 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundThirteen episodes of oesophageal food impaction (EFI) per 100 000 people present to a medical setting each year. Several pharmacological interventions meant to relieve such impactions have been explored; none have proven superior.ObjectivesPerform a single-arm feasibility study of oral nitroglycerin solution for EFI.MethodsTwenty adult patients presenting to a single urban tertiary medical centre thought to have EFI were given up to three doses of 0.4 mg nitroglycerin solution orally and evaluated for resolution of symptoms, new symptoms and vital signs. Patients with intractable vomiting, haemodynamic instability, airway compromise, oesophageal perforation, coronary ischaemia or presentation delayed greater than 12 hours were excluded.Results17 of 20 enrolled subjects received the intervention. The average duration of symptoms prior to intervention was 285 min (SD=187). Four subjects did not tolerate the intervention (inability to swallow or headache). Two of 17 (11.8%) subjects obtained temporally proximal symptom resolution: 11 min after the second dose, and 7 min after the third dose. Seven also received glucagon during their visit, with 0% temporally proximal symptom resolution. Fifteen underwent endoscopy, with food bolus identified in 12. One subject had brief and mild hypotension with spontaneous resolution. Two subjects developed a headache after nitroglycerin administration. The median length of stay for those who found relief without endoscopy was 195 min (range 129–261) vs 374 min (range 122–525) among those with endoscopy.ConclusionThe observed rate of relief after oral nitroglycerin solution for EFI is disappointing but comparable to previous glucagon, benzodiazepines and effervescent beverage studies, and that of placebo. Oral nitroglycerin solution appears to be well tolerated among those able to swallow, although in our sample several subjects were unable to tolerate swallowing entirely.
Weight cycling is associated with adverse cardiometabolic markers in a cross-sectional representative US sample
Authors: Kakinami Lisa , Knäuper Bärbel , Brunet Jennifer 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundWhether weight cycling (repeated weight loss and regain) is associated with cardiometabolic health is unclear. Study objective was to examine whether weight cycling since young adulthood (ie, 25 years of age) was associated with cardiometabolic markers.MethodsData from a nationally representative cross-sectional US sample (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2014) were used. Weight history was based on self-reported weight at age 25, 10 years prior and 1 year prior to the survey (n=4190, 51% male). Using current self-reported weight as the anchor, participants were classified as (1)stable weight,(2)weight losers, (3)weight gainersand (4)weight cyclers. Cardiometabolic markers included fasting lipids, insulin sensitivity and blood pressure. Multiple linear regressions were used to analyse weight history (reference:stable weight) and adjusted for covariates. Analyses incorporated the sampling design and survey weights and were stratified by sex or weight status.ResultsCompared with females withstable weight, femaleweight cyclershad worse lipids and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (all ps<0.05). Compared with males with stable weight, male weight cyclers had worse high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and HOMA-IR (ps<0.05). Weight cyclers with normal weight had worse HDL and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (ps<0.05), and weight cyclers with overweight or obesity had worse HOMA-IR (p=0.05). Blood pressure was not associated.ConclusionWeight cycling is adversely associated with cardiometabolic markers but associations differ by sex and weight status. While weight cycling is consistently associated with worse cardiometabolic markers among females, results are mixed among males. Weight cycling is associated with worse lipid measures for normal weight persons, and marginally worse insulin sensitivity for those with overweight/obesity.