bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L'analisi economica come argomentazione giuridica
Authors: Tuzet Giovanni 
Published: June 2020

RIASSUNTO:In primo luogo l’articolo considera l’analisi economica come un tipo di argomentazione giuridica. Gli argomenti che fanno leva sulle conseguenze economiche di un atto giuridico vengono considerati come una forma di argomentazione consequenzialista e viene osservato che tali argomenti competono con molti altri nel contesto dell’interpretazione e dell’applicazione giudiziale del diritto. In secondo luogo viene considerata la pretesa dell’analisi economica di concepire le norme giuridiche come incentivi e viene osservato che tale prospettiva dipende da una serie di argomenti metodologici e una serie di argomenti circa i valori da massimizzare e la razionalità degli agenti economici. ABSTRACT:Firstly, the article takes economic analysis as a type of legal argumentation. The arguments that leverage the economic consequences of legal acts are a form of consequentialist argumentation and it is noted that these arguments compete with many others in the context of judicial interpretation and application of law. Secondly, the claim of economic analysis to conceive of legal norms as incentives is considered and it is observed that this perspective depends on a series of methodological arguments and of arguments about the values to be maximized and the rationality of economic agents.
Onze proposições sobre o direito do trabalho desde a perspectiva ecossocialista
Authors: Seferian Gustavo 
Published: June 2020

RESUMO:O presente artigo propõe onze sugestões à reflexão e prática do Direito do Trabalho pautadas no ecossocialismo. De caráter ensaístico, o texto elucida as principais características do ecossocialismo enquanto linha teórico-política, e partindo da premissa que vivemos uma crise de civilização – da qual o meio ambiente e o Direito do Trabalho são parte –, indica espaços e caminhos à disputas à recomposição juslaboral para o século XXI, sempre pautado na perspectiva da proteção das trabalhadoras e trabalhadores e na urgência de articulação de esforços para contenção tática do ecocídio capitalista.ABSTRACT:This article proposes eleven suggestions to the reflection and practice of Labor Law based on the ecosocialism. The text elucidates the main features of ecossocialism as a theoretical-political program, and based on the premise that we are experiencing a crisis of civilization- of which the environment and Labor Law are a part- , indicates spaces and paths to disputes the Labor Law recomposition for the XXI century, always based on the perspective of the protection of workers and the urgency to take efforts for a tactical containment of capitalist ecocide.
A terceirização, o STF e o estado de exceção
Authors: Dutra Renata Queiroz , Mattos Bianca Silva 
Published: June 2020

RESUMO:O presente artigo tem o objetivo de estudar a terceirização, com foco nas modificações proporcionadas pela Reforma Trabalhista, pela Lei da Terceirização e, sobretudo, pelo novo entendimento do Supremo Tribunal Federal, que ampliou as possibilidades para a utilização desta modalidade, tornando-a irrestrita. Para a concretização desta finalidade, foi imprescindível um exame dos eventos históricos que marcaram essa forma de subcontratação, bem como uma análise nos elementos argumentativos que marcam a formação do novo entendimento do Supremo, bem como de que maneira essas modificações se articulam com os paradigmas de Estado Constitucional. Dessa forma, surge como principal indagação se estas novas disposições estão alinhadas aos preceitos dispostos no texto constitucional e em que medida, concretizando o projeto neoliberal, se aproximam da ideia de Estado de exceção. ABSTRACT:This article aims to study outsourcing, focusing on the changes provided by the Labor Reform, Outsourcing Law and, above all, from the new understanding of the Federal Supreme Court, which expanded the possibilities for the use of this modality, making it unrestricted. Therefore, in order to achieve this objective, an examination of the historical events that marked this form of subcontracting, considerations about the new understanding of the Supreme, and how these modifications are articulated with the paradigms of Constitutional State were essential. Thus, it appears as the main question whether these new provisions are aligned with the precepts set in the constitutional text and to what extent, concretizing the neoliberal project approach the idea of State of exception.
Mapping and Modeling of Discussions Related to Gastrointestinal Discomfort in French-Speaking Online Forums: Results of a 15-Year Retrospective Infodemiology Study
Authors: Schäfer Florent , Faviez Carole , Voillot Paméla , Foulquié Pierre , Najm Matthieu , Jeanne Jean-François , Fagherazzi Guy , Schück Stéphane , Le Nevé Boris 
Published: June 2020

Background
Gastrointestinal (GI) discomfort is prevalent and known to be associated with impaired quality of life. Real-world information on factors of GI discomfort and solutions used by people is, however, limited. Social media, including online forums, have been considered a new source of information to examine the health of populations in real-life settings.

Objective
The aims of this retrospective infodemiology study are to identify discussion topics, characterize users, and identify perceived determinants of GI discomfort in web-based messages posted by users of French social media.

Methods
Messages related to GI discomfort posted between January 2003 and August 2018 were extracted from 14 French-speaking general and specialized publicly available online forums. Extracted messages were cleaned and deidentified. Relevant medical concepts were determined on the basis of the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities and vernacular terms. The identification of discussion topics was carried out by using a correlated topic model on the basis of the latent Dirichlet allocation. A nonsupervised clustering algorithm was applied to cluster forum users according to the reported symptoms of GI discomfort, discussion topics, and activity on online forums. Users’ age and gender were determined by linear regression and application of a support vector machine, respectively, to characterize the identified clusters according to demographic parameters. Perceived factors of GI discomfort were classified by a combined method on the basis of syntactic analysis to identify messages with causality terms and a second topic modeling in a relevant segment of phrases.

Results
A total of 198,866 messages associated with GI discomfort were included in the analysis corpus after extraction and cleaning. These messages were posted by 36,989 separate web users, most of them being women younger than 40 years. Everyday life, diet, digestion, abdominal pain, impact on the quality of life, and tips to manage stress were among the most discussed topics. Segmentation of users identified 5 clusters corresponding to chronic and acute GI concerns. Diet topic was associated with each cluster, and stress was strongly associated with abdominal pain. Psychological factors, food, and allergens were perceived as the main causes of GI discomfort by web users.

Conclusions
GI discomfort is actively discussed by web users. This study reveals a complex relationship between food, stress, and GI discomfort. Our approach has shown that identifying web-based discussion topics associated with GI discomfort and its perceived factors is feasible and can serve as a complementary source of real-world evidence for caregivers.
Data-Driven Personalization of a Physiotherapy Care Pathway: Case Study of Posture Scanning
Authors: Korhonen Olli , Väyrynen Karin , Krautwald Tino , Bilby Glenn , Broers Hedwig Anna Theresia , Giunti Guido , Isomursu Minna 
Published: June 2020

Background
Advanced sensor, measurement, and analytics technologies are enabling entirely new ways to deliver health care. The increased availability of digital data can be used for data-driven personalization of care. Data-driven personalization can complement expert-driven personalization by providing support for decision making or even by automating some parts of decision making in relation to the care process.

Objective
The aim of this study was to analyze how digital data acquired from posture scanning can enhance physiotherapy services and enable more personalized delivery of physiotherapy.

Methods
A case study was conducted with a company that designed a posture scan recording system (PSRS), which is an information system that can digitally record, measure, and report human movement for use in physiotherapy. Data were collected through interviews with different stakeholders, such as health care professionals, health care users, and the information system provider, and were analyzed thematically.

Results
Based on the results of our thematic analysis, we propose three different types of support that posture scanning data can provide to enhance and enable more personalized delivery of physiotherapy: 1) modeling the condition, in which the posture scanning data are used to detect and understand the health care user’s condition and the root cause of the possible pain; 2) visualization for shared understanding, in which the posture scanning data are used to provide information to the health care user and involve them in more collaborative decision-making regarding their care; and 3) evaluating the impact of the intervention, in which the posture scanning data are used to evaluate the care progress and impact of the intervention.

Conclusions
The adoption of digital tools in physiotherapy has remained low. Physiotherapy has also lacked digital tools and means to inform and involve the health care user in their care in a person-centered manner. In this study, we gathered insights from different stakeholders to provide understanding of how the availability of digital posture scanning data can enhance and enable personalized physiotherapy services.
DenTiUS Plaque, a Web-Based Application for the Quantification of Bacterial Plaque: Development and Usability Study
Authors: Vila-Blanco Nicolás , Freire Vicente , Balsa-Castro Carlos , Tomás Inmaculada , Carreira María J 
Published: June 2020

Background
In the dentistry field, the analysis of dental plaque is vital because it is the main etiological factor in the 2 most prevalent oral diseases: caries and periodontitis. In most of the papers published in the dental literature, the quantification of dental plaque is carried out using traditional, non-automated, and time-consuming indices. Therefore, the development of an automated plaque quantification tool would be of great value to clinicians and researchers.

Objective
This study aimed to develop a web-based tool called DenTiUS and various clinical indices to evaluate dental plaque levels using image analysis techniques.

Methods
The tool was executed as a web-based application to facilitate its use by researchers. Expert users are free to define experiments, including images from either a single patient (to observe an individual plaque growth pattern) or several patients (to perform a group characterization) at a particular moment or over time. A novel approach for detecting visible plaque has been developed as well as a new concept known as nonvisible plaque. This new term implies the classification of the remaining dental area into 3 subregions according to the risk of accumulating plaque in the near future. New metrics have also been created to describe visible and nonvisible plaque levels.

Results
The system generates results tables of the quantitative analysis with absolute averages obtained in each image (indices about visible plaque) and relative measurements (indices about visible and nonvisible plaque) relating to the reference moment. The clinical indices that can be calculated are the following: plaque index of an area per intensity (API index, a value between 0 and 100), area growth index (growth rate of plaque per unit of time in hours; percentage area/hour), and area time index (the time in days needed to achieve a plaque area of 100% concerning the initial area at the same moment). Images and graphics can be obtained for a moment from a patient in addition to a full report presenting all the processing data. Dentistry experts evaluated the DenTiUS Plaque software through a usability test, with the best-scoring questions those related to the workflow efficiency, value of the online help, attractiveness of the user interface, and overall satisfaction.

Conclusions
The DenTiUS Plaque software allows automatic, reliable, and repeatable quantification of dental plaque levels, providing information about area, intensity, and growth pattern. Dentistry experts recognized that this software is suitable for quantification of dental plaque levels. Consequently, its application in the analysis of plaque evolution patterns associated with different oral conditions, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of various oral hygiene measures, can represent an improvement in the clinical setting and the methodological quality of research studies.
Development and Feasibility of a Mobile Health–Supported Comprehensive Intervention Model (CIMmH) for Improving the Quality of Life of Patients With Esophageal Cancer After Esophagectomy: Prospective, Single-Arm, Nonrandomized Pilot Study
Authors: Cheng Chao , Ho Rainbow Tin Hung , Guo Yan , Zhu Mengting , Yang Weixiong , Li Yiran , Liu Zhenguo , Zhuo Shuyu , Liang Qi , Chen Zhenghong , Zeng Yu , Yang Jiali , Zhang Zhanfei , Zhang Xu , Monroe-Wise Aliza , Yeung Sai-Ching 
Published: June 2020

Background
Patients with esophageal cancer often experience clinically relevant deterioration of quality of life (QOL) after esophagectomy owing to malnutrition, lack of physical exercise, and psychological symptoms.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a comprehensive intervention model using a mobile health system (CIMmH) in patients with esophageal cancer after esophagectomy.

Methods
Twenty patients with esophageal cancer undergoing the modified McKeown surgical procedure were invited to join the CIMmH program with both online and offline components for 12 weeks. The participants were assessed before surgery and again at 1 and 3 months after esophagectomy. QOL, depressive symptoms, anxiety, stress, nutrition, and physical fitness were measured.

Results
Of the 20 patients, 16 (80%) completed the program. One month after esophagectomy, patients showed significant deterioration in overall QOL (P=.02), eating (P=.005), reflux (P=.04), and trouble with talking (P<.001). At the 3-month follow-up, except for pain (P=.02), difficulty with eating (P=.03), dry mouth (P=.04), and trouble with talking (P=.003), all other QOL dimensions returned to the preoperative level. There were significant reductions in weight (P<.001) and BMI (P=.02) throughout the study, and no significant changes were observed for physical fitness measured by change in the 6-minute walk distance between baseline and the 1-month follow-up (P=.22) or between baseline and the 3-month follow-up (P=.52). Depressive symptoms significantly increased 1 month after surgery (P<.001), while other psychological measures did not show relevant changes. Although there were declines in many measures 1 month after surgery, these were much improved at the 3-month follow-up, and the recovery was more profound and faster than with traditional rehabilitation programs.

Conclusions
The CIMmH was feasible and safe and demonstrated encouraging efficacy testing with a control group for enhancing recovery after surgery among patients with esophageal cancer in China.

Trial Registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR-IPR-1800019900); http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=32811.
Design and Implementation of a Multilevel Intervention to Reduce Hepatitis C Transmission Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Amsterdam: Co-Creation and Usability Study
Authors: Prinsenberg Tamara , Zantkuijl Paul , Zuilhof Wim , Davidovich Udi , Schinkel Janke , Prins Maria , van der Valk Marc 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundIn the Netherlands, transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) occurs primarily among men who have sex with men (MSM). Early HCV testing of at-risk MSM and immediate initiation of treatment will prevent onward transmission, but this may not be sufficient to eliminate HCV in a population with ongoing risk behaviors. Therefore, targeted socioculturally acceptable preventive measures, including behavioral interventions, are urgently needed. Currently, little contextually appropriate information about HCV or risk reduction interventions is available.ObjectiveThe objective of this project was to develop an intervention to reduce HCV transmission among MSM in Amsterdam through a co-creation process, with the input of men from the targeted community directly impacting intervention content, design, and implementation.MethodsWe developed a multilevel intervention targeting 6 levels: individual, community, professional, context, patient, and network. The intervention was developed in close cooperation between health professionals, gay community members, commercial stakeholders, and stakeholders from within the gay community. The co-creation process had 4 phases: a needs assessment, stakeholder engagement, co-creation, and implementation. The co-creation phase continued until consensus was reached between the researchers and community members on the intervention content and design. The final intervention, NoMoreC, was completed within 2 years, and implementation started in February 2018.ResultsNoMoreC includes web-based and face-to-face components as well as an anonymous HCV testing service. The NoMoreC website provides information about hepatitis C, HCV transmission routes, risk reduction strategies, testing and treatment options, and partner notification. The face-to-face component comprises a risk reduction toolbox, training for health professionals, and providing tailored advice to sex on premises venues. NoMoreC is promoted by an active voluntary campaign team.ConclusionsInvolving the community and stakeholders in the creation of NoMoreC has been the main strength of this project. It has resulted in an intervention with various components that resonates with the gay community at risk of HCV infection. The uptake and acceptability of the described intervention will be evaluated in the future. The description of the co-creation process and implementation of the project may serve as a rich and useful source for others who want to develop culturally and context appropriate HCV interventions.
User Perceptions of Virtual Hospital Apps in China: Systematic Search
Authors: Wang Yuan , Liu Yuqiao , Shi Yancui , Yu Yanjun , Yang Jucheng 
Published: June 2020

Background
Virtual hospital apps are mobile apps that offer functionalities of online consultation, medical guidance, health community forums, referrals, outpatient appointments or virtual hospital-to-home care services. With an increasing number of online medical and health care consulting services, virtual hospital apps have made health care more accessible and fairer for all, especially in China. However, they have occurred without control or regulation. User evaluation can provide directions to help apps optimize identification, lower risks, and guarantee service quality.

Objective
We aimed to conduct a systematic search for virtual hospital apps in China. To get a global view, virtual hospital apps were assessed and characterized by means of quantitative analysis. To get a local view, we conducted a content feedback analysis to explore user requirements, expectations, and preferences.

Methods
A search was conducted of the most popular Apple and Android app stores in China. We characterized and verified virtual hospital apps and grouped apps according to quantification analysis. We then crawled apps and paid attention to corresponding reviews to incorporate users’ involvement, and then performed aspect-based content labeling and analysis using an inductive approach.

Results
A total of 239 apps were identified in the virtual hospital app markets in China, and 2686 informative corresponding reviews were analyzed. The evidence showed that usefulness and ease of use were vital facts for engagement. Users were likely to trust a consulting service with a high number of downloads. Furthermore, users expected frequently used apps with more optimization to improve virtual service. We characterized apps according to 4 key features: (1) app functionalities, including online doctor consultation, in-app purchases, tailored education, and community forums; (2) security and privacy, including user data management and user privacy; (3) health management, including health tracking, reminders, and notifications; and (4) technical aspects, including user interface and equipment connection.

Conclusions
Virtual hospitals relying on the mobile internet are growing rapidly. A large number of virtual hospital apps are available and accessible to a growing number of people. Evidence from this systematic search can help various types of virtual hospital models enhance virtual health care experiences, go beyond offline hospitals, and continuously meet the needs of individual end users.
Sociodemographic Representativeness in a Nationwide Web-Based Survey of the View of Men on Involvement in Health Care Decision-Making: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study
Authors: Birkeland Søren F , Haakonsson Anders K , Pedersen Susanne S , Rottmann Nina , Barry Michael J , Möller Sören 
Published: June 2020

Background
Being able to generalize research findings to a broader population outside of the study sample is an important goal in surveys on the internet. We conducted a nationwide, cross-sectional, web-based survey with vignettes illustrating different levels of patient involvement to investigate men’s preferences regarding participation in health care decision-making. Following randomization into vignette variants, we distributed the survey among men aged 45 to 70 years through the state-authorized digital mailbox provided by the Danish authorities for secure communication with citizens.

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the sociodemographic representativeness of our sample of men obtained in a nationwide web-based survey using the digital mailbox.

Methods
Response rate estimates were established, and comparisons were made between responders and nonresponders in terms of age profiles (eg, average age) and municipality-level information on sociodemographic characteristics.

Results
Among 22,288 men invited during two waves, a total of 6756 (30.31%) participants responded to the survey. In adjusted analyses, responders’ characteristics mostly resembled those of nonresponders. Response rates, however, were significantly higher in older men (odds ratio [OR] 2.83 for responses among those aged 65-70 years compared with those aged 45-49 years, 95% CI 2.58-3.11; P<.001) and in rural areas (OR 1.10 compared with urban areas, 95% CI 1.03-1.18; P=.005). Furthermore, response rates appeared lower in areas with a higher tax base (OR 0.89 in the highest tertile, 95% CI 0.81-0.98; P=.02).

Conclusions
Overall, the general population of men aged 45 to 70 years was represented very well by the responders to our web-based survey. However, the imbalances identified highlight the importance of supplementing survey findings with studies of the representativeness of other characteristics of the sample like trait and preference features, so that proper statistical corrections can be made in upcoming analyses of survey responses whenever needed.