bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transdermal permeation research of ethanol extracts from Lycopodium clavatum
Authors: Mu Shuangshuang , Liu Ziqing , Duan Minghua , Yan Yuli , Liu Gang , Liu Shiyuan , Zhao Tianyi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper aims to study the characteristics of transdermal absorption of alkaloid which is the main component in Lycopodium clavatum; and to investigate the effects of different concentrations of solvents and borneol of gerneral penetration enhancer on the transdermal characteristics. The in vitro diffusion test was carried out with the drug transdermal diffusion tester. The abdominal skin of in vitro rat was selected as permeation barrier and the alkaloid content in the samples was determined by UV detection. In the results, 30% alcohol extracts from Lycopodium clavatum and 30% ethanol solution in 70% alcohol extracts could penetrate the abdominal skin of the sample rats. The borneol could promote such penetration and the cumulative infiltration capacity was 73.28µg and 82.09µg respectively. In conclusion, it is feasible and reliable to use total alkaloids as index to transdermal permeation research of alcohol extracts from Lycopodium clavatum. The alcohol extracts from Lycopodium clavatum have certain transdermal permeation research and the borneol can be used as an effective transdermal permeation promoter.
Energy efficiency assessment of anthropomorphic manipulator control algorithm
Authors: Boldareva K I , Lukyanov A D , Abderrazzak E H 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Currently, developers of robotic systems are very interested in intensively developing unmanned technologies, the concept of which is to use robots to perform routine, harmful and dangerous types of work without direct human participation, which is the key to ensuring safety and high efficiency of solving tasks. Active research is conducted in the field of artificial intelligence and the development of anthropomorphic robots (AR). Modern ARS are not yet able to completely replace a person when performing complex tasks in a dynamic environment. The inability of such robots to completely replace a human is due to the short duration of work in offline mode. The reasons for the short duration of the AP are the low capacity of modern batteries and high power consumption of software and hardware components of the robot. The solution to this problem is possible by developing and modifying mathematical methods and algorithms for performing target operations in order to minimize energy consumption. The article assesses the energy efficiency of the algorithm for copying control of an anthropomorphic manipulator.
Modeling and analysis of energy efficiency of methods for maintaining temperature conditions in microbioreactors
Authors: Chistyakov V A , Lukyanov A D , Chapek S V , Donskoy Yu D , Katin O I 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A mathematical model of maintaining the thermal conditions of microreactors used in biological, medical and other experiments that require stabilization or temperature control software is considered. Several heating modes are considered: using a liquid heating jacket, heating from below through the bottom, heating from the side using a flexible silicone heater. Simulated heat loss and dynamic modes of temperature control.
Development of methods for analyzing patterns of current consumption in a system for wireless monitoring the effectiveness of metalworking production
Authors: Lukyanov A D , Vernezi M A , Katin O I , Dolgov V V , Zimovnov I A , Studennikova S G 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Annotation. Now the world is actively developing a trend of digitization of production enterprises. However, not all existing enterprises are equipped with a proper system for collecting and displaying information. Hence, the task of simple and fast integration of the monitoring system for the technological process produced by Metalworking equipment is quite relevant. To solve this problem, the article presents algorithms for accounting for the number and type of manufactured parts on Metalworking machines, as well as diagnosing the quality of the technological operation, based on temporary patterns of electric current consumed by the machine. This information, collected from the entire production cycle, will allow you to plan production more effectively.
Method for finding the shortest route on an auxiliary weighted digraph when filtering signals
Authors: Shrayfel I S , Marchuk V I , Mikhailov A B , Malcev I M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Annotation. This paper provides an analytical justification and results of practical testing of a new approach to signal processing, which can be considered as a piecewise constant changing function under conditions of a priori uncertainty about the signal parameters. The simulation results presented in this paper confirm the analytical results obtained, and allow us to conclude that the proposed method can be used for processing measurement results under conditions of a priori uncertainty about the useful signal function.
Flow enhances phenotypic and maturation of adult rat liver organoids
Authors: Jung Da Jung , Byeon Jae Hee , Jeong Gi Seok 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A biologically relevant in vitro model of hepatic microtissue would be a valuable tool for the preclinical study of pharmacokinetics and metabolism. Although considerable advances have been made in recent years in the establishment of alternative in vitro culture systems that mimic liver tissue, generating an effective liver model remains challenging. Specifically, existing model systems still exhibit limited functions for hepatocellular differentiation potential and cellular complexity. It is essential to improve the in vitro differentiation of liver progenitor cells (LPCs) for disease modeling and preclinical pharmatoxicological research. Here, we describe a rat liver organoid culture system under in vivo-like steady-state flow conditions; this system is capable of controlling the expansion and differentiation of rat liver organoids over 10–15 d. LPCs cultured in medium flow conditions become self-assembled liver organoids that exhibit phenotypic and functional hepato-biliary modeling. In addition, hepatocytes that are differentiated using liver organoids produced albumin and maintained polygonal morphology, which is characteristic of mature hepatocytes.
Doppler narrowing, Zeeman and laser beam-shape effects in Λ-type electromagnetically induced transparency on the 85Rb D2 line in a vapor cell
Authors: Ma L , Raithel G 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We study Λ-type Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) on the Rb D2 transition in a buffer-gas-free thermal vapor cell without anti-relaxation coating. Experimental data show well-resolved features due to velocity-selective optical pumping and one EIT resonance. The Zeeman splitting of the EIT line in magnetic fields up to 12 Gauss is investigated. One Zeeman component is free of the first-order shift and its second-order shift agrees well with theory. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of this magnetic-field-insensitive EIT resonance is reduced due to Doppler narrowing, scales linearly in Rabi frequency over the range studied, and reaches about 100 kHz at the lowest powers. These observations agree with an analytic model for a Doppler-broadened medium developed in (Javan et al 2002 Phys. Rev. A 66 013805; Lee et al 2003 Appl. Phys. B, Lasers Opt. (Germany) B 76, 33–9; Taichenachev et al 2000 JETP Lett.
72, 119). Numerical simulation using the Lindblad equation reveals that the transverse laser intensity distribution and two Λ-EIT systems must be included to fully account for the measured line width and line shape of the signals. Ground-state decoherence, caused by effects that include residual optical frequency fluctuations, atom-wall and trace-gas collisions, is discussed.
Recentadvances in the propertiesand synthesis of bilayer graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Gao Zhaoli , Zhao Meng-Qiang , Alam Ashik Md Masruck , Johnson Alan T Charlie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In the past few years, considerable progress has been made on the controlled synthesis of bilayer van der Waals (vdW) materials such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), which are of interest due to their attractive optical and electronic properties. A variety of methods have been developed to synthesize bilayer vdW materials. This review is devoted to recent advances in the properties and synthesis of bilayer graphene (BLG) and TMDs. We emphasize the intriguing properties of BLG and TMDs, depending on their composition, stacking configurations, and twisting angles. The large-scale chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of BLG and TMDs with large domain size, high quality, and strong interlayer coupling is highlighted. We then expand the discussion to the current understanding of the growth mechanisms of BLG by CVD and synthetic methods of bilayer TMDs. Finally, the crucial challenges of BLG synthesis and our perspective of the future of bilayer TMDs will be laid out for potential applications of vdW materials.
Multidimensional fiber echo state network analogue
Authors: Sorokina Mariia 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Optical neuoromorphic technologies enable neural network-based signal processing through a specifically designed hardware and may confer advantages in speed and energy. However, the advances of such technologies in bandwidth and/or dimensionality are often limited by the constraints of the underlying material. Optical fiber presents a well-studied low-cost solution with unique advantages for low-loss high-speed signal processing. The fiber echo state network analogue (FESNA), fiber-based neuromorphic processor, has been the first technology suitable for multichannel high bandwidth (including THz) and dual-quadrature signal processing. Here we propose the multidimensional FESNA (MD-FESNA) processing by utilizing multi-mode fiber non-linearity. Thus, the developed MD-FESNA is the first neuromorphic technology which augments all aforementioned advantages of FESNA with multidimensional spatio-temporal processing. We demonstrate the performance and flexibility of the technology on the example of prediction tasks for hyperchaotic systems. These results will pave the way for a high-speed neuromorphic processing of multidimensional tasks, hardware for spatio-temporal neural networks and open new application venues for fiber-based spatio-temporal multiplexing.
Generation of high-energy soliton-like pulses in 1.9–2.5 µm spectral domain
Authors: Dvoyrin Vladislav V , Turitsyn Sergei K 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate the generation of soliton-like pulses with 195–230 fs duration and energy up to 20 nJ in the spectral region of 1.9–2.5 µm directly from the Tm-doped all-fiber MOPA laser. The emerged Raman solitons generated directly in the fiber amplifier exhibit unusual dynamics and spectral properties forming a supercontinuum without conventional gaps between Stokes pulses. Namely, at the output powers above 2 W, in addition to conventional soliton spectral peaks beyond 2.3 μm, we observe high spectral density over an extended range of 1.95–2.23 μm corresponding to a coherent structure that to the best of our knowledge differs from any previously observed supercontinuum regimes. The average optical power of the fiber laser is at the 3-W level, whereas the estimated peak power reached the 80-kW level. Such a relatively simple laser system with high spectral density is a promising light source for various applications ranging from advanced comb spectroscopy to ultra-fast photonics.
Correlation of stochastic and ohmic power absorption with observed RF harmonics and plasma parameters in capacitively coupled discharges
Authors: Rawat Arti , Ganguli A , Narayanan Ramesh , Tarey R D 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This work attempts to correlate the plasma density and RF harmonic profiles with respect to the pressure (at 13.56, 27.12 and 40.68 MHz) with the stochastic and ohmic power absorption mechanisms in a Capacitively Coupled Discharge (CCD), over a wide pressure range (0.6–1000 mTorr). Diagnostics include calibrated capacitive probe, compensated Langmuir Probe (LP) and uncompensated floating LP for measuring plasma parameters and RF signals. Pressure profiles of stochastic and ohmic powers, P
Stoch and P
Ohm (at 13.56 MHz) are obtained from their ratio (ξ) and the power absorbed by the electrons. Normalized profiles of an effective power (∼

P

Stoch

ρ

×

P

Ohm

1
−
ρ

;

ρ : pressure dependent parameter) are tuned to reproduce closely the normalized plasma density profiles from which relative contributions of stochastic/ohmic mechanisms are determined. It is shown that up to ≈30 mTorr, plasma production is stochastic while beyond that both methods contribute jointly. The RF harmonic profiles can be analysed similarly. Higher harmonics produced by the intrinsic nonlinearity of the stochastic process should appear most clearly in the plasma at low pressures where the latter operates alone. On the other hand, the fundamental RF voltage that is always present in the plasma, can also produce higher harmonics at the probe tip by driving the nonlinear probe sheath. Thus, the harmonics produced directly by the stochastic nonlinearity are inextricably mixed up with those arising due to the probe sheath. Significantly, one may conclude therefore that it is not possible to investigate the stochastic mechanism of power absorption by a study of its harmonics when the latter are measured using invasive probes.
Convolutional neural network and impedance-based SHM applied to damage detection
Authors: de Rezende Stanley Washington Ferreira , de Moura José dos Reis Vieira , Neto Roberto Mendes Finzi , Gallo Carlos Alberto , Steffen Valder 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The impedance-based structural health monitoring technique uses measured signatures changes to identify incipient damages in structures. The purpose is to perform a correlation of these changes with the physical phenomena. However, since electromechanical coupling exists, some environmental influences such as temperature changes may lead to false decision regarding the condition of the structure. As a result, innovative machine learning tools have been extensively investigated to avoid errors in structural prognosis and, in this sense, recent applications of convolutional neural networks (CNN) have emerged within the scope of SHM research, focusing mainly on vibration analysis. However, studies that aim to combine neural architectures with intelligent materials for structural monitoring purposes have been poorly evaluated. Consequently, its integration with the electromechanical impedance method is still considered as being a new application of CNN. Thus, in order to contribute to the SHM area, this work presents a combination of the CNN architecture and the EMI methodology. In the present contribution, three aluminum beams subjected to three different steady temperature levels (0 °C, 10 °C and 20 °C) were studied. For this aim, a test chamber was used for humidity and temperature control. Artificial damages such as mass addition were taken into account so that impedance signatures related to both pristine and damaged conditions can be analyzed. Thus, a one-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (1D CNN) was designed, trained and used for damage prediction purposes. In this context, a temperature robust model that is able to identify damage independently of environmental condition was developed.
Modelling and analysis of thermoelectric modules for self-powered WSNs node with MPPT
Authors: Hou Liqun , Chen Weinan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Generally, WSNs or IoT nodes are powered by energy-constrained batteries, which significantly limit their operating lifetime and application. Harvesting energy from the surrounding environment provides a promising solution for self-powered WSNs or IoT nodes. Compared with other energy harvesting approaches, thermoelectric energy harvesting based on thermoelectric generators (TEGs) has many advantages. However, the power output of TEGs is difficult to be maintained at its maximum power point (MPP) due to the fluctuation of ambient temperature. To achieve the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) based-on internal resistance matching method for self-powered WSNs or IoT nodes using TEG, this paper proposes a simple approach to obtain the models of TEG open-circuit voltage, Seebeck coefficient, and internal resistance. The proposed method is verified by a series of experiments on a commercial TEG module. The results indicate that the presented models are more accurate and simple than the existing models reported by other authors.
A blocking antibody against canine CSF-1R maturated by limited CDR mutagenesis
Authors: Beirão Breno C B , Raposo Teresa P , Imamura Louise M , Ingberman Max , Hupp Ted , Vojtěšek Bořivoj , Argyle David J 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCSF-1R is a receptor mostly associated with the mononuclear phagocytic system. However, its expression within tumors has been linked with poor prognosis in both humans and dogs. Accordingly, several reports have demonstrated the beneficial effects of blocking CSF-1R in model systems of cancer. In this study, we generated a monoclonal antibody that could block CSF-1R in dogs as the first step to develop an anticancer drug for this species. Initially, an antibody was raised by the hybridoma methodology against the fragment responsible for receptor dimerization. mAb3.1, one of the resulting hybridoma clones, was able to bind macrophages in fixed tissues and was shown to inhibit cells of the mononuclear phagocytic line. Nevertheless, mAb 3.1 could not bind to some glycoforms of the receptor in its native form, while also demonstrating cross-reactivity with other proteins. To enhance binding properties of the mAb, five amino acids of the complementarity-determining region 2 of the variable heavy chain of mAb3.1 were mutated by PCR, and the variant scFv clones were screened by phage display. The selected scFv clones demonstrated improved binding to the native receptor as well as increased anti-macrophage activity. The resulting scFv antibody fragment presented here has the potential for use in cancer patients and in inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, this work provides insights into the use of such restricted mutations in antibody engineering.
Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Combined with Microwave Demulsification for Determination of FAME Residuals in Biodiesel Wastewater
Authors: Yu Guo-Wei , Wang Xia-Jun , Wang Peng , Zhao Yi-Ping , Nie Jing , Li Zu-Guang , Fang Xiu-Gui , Lee Maw-Rong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Biodiesel consists of various fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) that are mainly produced through transesterification of plant oil or animal fat. It is essential for biodiesel to be purified utmostly to meet its product standard before being traded, while the universal purification method has been water washing. However, water washing inevitably causes the residual of FAMEs in wastewater, which represents a loss of industrial profits. For the purpose of determination and monitoring of the FAME profile in wastewater, there is a necessity to develop a fast and reliable approach with small volume of sample in need. Hence, in this study, a combination of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) and microwave demulsification is applied for the enrichment of residual FAMEs in water, followed by qualitative and quantitative analyses using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The results indicate that the optimal extractant in DLLME approach is toluene. And the optimal parameters are 20 mL of water sample, 80 μL of toluene as the extractant, 60 s of ultrasonic irradiation duration, 200 W of microwave power and 2 min of microwave irradiation duration. The standard curves and linear equations obtained with these conditions are used for the quantitative analysis of biodiesel wastewater, which reveals that there was 50.35 mg·L−1 of the total FAME residuals in wastewater. To the best of our knowledge, it is for the first time that the combined technique of DLLME and microwave demulsification is applied in determination of residual FAMEs in water samples. The proposed method corresponds to small volumes of sample and extractant and short analytical period. It also has the potential to be extended to the analysis of other water pollutants.
Is It Time to Remove Total Calcium from the Basic and Comprehensive Metabolic Panels? Assessing the Effects of American Medical Association–Approved Chemical Test Panels on Laboratory Utilization
Authors: Katzman Brooke M , Bryant Sandra C , Karon Brad S 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe necessity of individual tests within the most commonly used disease-oriented test panels has not been well established. We evaluated test-ordering practices for total calcium, both before and after implementation of American Medical Association (AMA)–approved panels (basic metabolic panel [BMP] and comprehensive metabolic panel [CMP]) in our electronic ordering system.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of all total calcium orders placed during April and June 2018, before and after implementation of the panels. Orders from inpatient, outpatient, and emergency department (ED) care units were totaled, and the percentage of abnormal test results was calculated. We then queried institutional databases to determine the number of unique patients with calcium-related diagnoses and compared the rates from a 5-month period both before and after implementation of the panels.ResultsTotal test volumes and tests per unique patient increased by more than 3-fold after implementation of calcium-containing AMA-approved panels, with the majority of those orders coming from BMPs and CMPs. The rate of low calcium values increased because of the shift toward more inpatient testing; however, the percentage of abnormal results within each patient population (inpatient, outpatient, ED) decreased. The prevalence of hypo- and hypercalcemia-related diagnoses among patients in the 5 months after implementation did not change significantly (1.29% before implementation vs 1.27% after implementation).ConclusionsImplementation of BMPs and CMPs dramatically increased total calcium testing volumes without changing the rate of calcium-related diagnoses. The results suggest that the increase in total calcium orders associated with panel-based testing largely constitutes excess or unnecessary testing.
Biopolymers modulate microbial communities in municipal organic waste digestion
Authors: Bandini Francesca , Misci Chiara , Taskin Eren , Cocconcelli Pier Sandro , Puglisi Edoardo 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
The development of biopolymers has raised issues about their recalcitrance in the environment. Their disposal is mainly carried out with the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) through thermophilic anaerobic digestion and aerobic composting, bioprocesses aimed at turning organic matter into biogas and compost. However, the effects of biopolymers on OFMSW treatment, on the final compost and on the microbial communities involved are partly unexplored. In this study, the OFMSW treatment was reproduced on a laboratory-scale respecting real plant conditions and testing the impacts of mixing polylactic acid (PLA) and starch-based bioplastic (SBB) separately. The dynamics of bacterial, archaeal and fungal communities during the process was screened by high-throughput sequencing (HTS) of phylogenetic amplicons. Starch-based bioplastic showed a minor and heterogeneous microbial diversity between the anaerobic and aerobic phases. Contrariwise, PLA treatment resulted in wider and more diverse bacterial and fungal communities for the compost and the aerobic biofilm. Since the biodiversity in compost may play a crucial role in its stability and safety, the modulation of environmental microbial communities induced by higher concentrations of PLA in OFMSW treatment can pose relevant issues.