bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Composition et qualité technologique des laits de vaches Normandes et Pie-Noires. 1. Effets de la race
Authors: FROC J. , GILIBERT J. , DALIPHAR T. , DURAND P. 
Published: August 2020

Cette étude porte sur 1663 échantillons de lait produits par des vaches des deux races élevées simultanément dans 30 fermes, au cours de deux périodes (printemps- hiver 1985), réparties dans trois zones de Normandie (Cotentin, Bocage, Caux). Le temps de raffermissement et la fermeté du caillé sont très liés entre eux et leurs relations avec les autres variables sont très voisines : ils dépendent principalement des taux de protéines, de calcium, de matières grasses, de lactose et du diamètre des micelles de caséine. Ils se démarquent nettement du temps de floculation qui dépend relativement moins des taux protéiques et butyreux et plus des taux de lactose et de cellules. La comparaison des deux races fait apparaître de grandes différences pour la plupart des variables, la race Normande produisant moins de lait que la Pie-Noire (- 4 kg/j), mais ayant des taux protéiques (+ 2 à + 2,5 ‰), butyreux (+ 2 à + 3 ‰) et calciques (+ 0,1 ‰) nettement plus élevés, des micelles de caséine plus petites et des tests technologiques très supérieurs (différence relative de - 26 % pour le temps de floculation, - 72 % pour le temps de raffermissement, + 20 % pour la fermeté du caillé). L’effet période (incluant les effets saison et alimentation et, dans une moindre mesure, l’effet stade de lactation) a une grande importance, avec des laits hivernaux plus pauvres en matières azotées et minérales et très largement dépréciés par rapport aux laits de printemps pour les tests technologiques. Les deux races et les deux périodes sont mieux discriminées par les tests technologiques que par les divers taux montrant des effets propres race et période sur l’aptitude fromagère des laits et suggérant que des variables laitières, non prises en compte dans la présente étude (nature des caséines, forme des minéraux, pH...), interviennent dans le déterminisme des propriétés technologiques. La comparaison entre zones révèle peu d’effets significatifs pour les taux (teneur en matières utiles inférieure pour le Caux) et aucun effet pour les tests technologiques ; la variabilité de conduite entre élevages est plus grande que celle entre zones.
Efficacité des techniques de conservation de la semence de verrat
Authors: PAQUIGNON M. , BUSSIÈRE J. , BARITEAU F. 
Published: August 2020

Cet article fait le point sur la technologie de préparation de la semence en vue de sa conservation sous forme liquide ou congelée. Pour la conservation de la semence à l’état liquide, plusieurs dilueurs sont proposés pour maintenir son pouvoir fécondant pendant plusieurs jours. Afin d’obtenir la fertilité et la prolificité les plus élevées possibles, il apparaît nécessaire, dans l’état actuel de nos connaissances, d’utiliser la fraction totale de l’éjaculat et de diluer la semence récoltée dans le milieu BTS, de façon à obtenir 3 x 109 spermatozoïdes dans un volume total de 100 ml pour une insémination artificielle. Dans ces conditions, le pouvoir fécondant du sperme peut être maintenu jusqu’au 3e jour après la récolte sans baisse de la fertilité et de la prolificité. En ce qui concerne la conservation à l’état congelé, plusieurs techniques sont proposées. La qualité de la semence après dégel varie en fonction des dilueurs de congélation et de décongélation utilisés ainsi que des technologies de préparation et de conditionnement de la semence. L’examen en microscopie électronique, après cryosubstitution, des spermatozoïdes et de leur milieu environnant montre que l’état de leur déshydratation au moment de la congélation est un facteur important pour le maintien de la qualité de la semence après dégel. Cette étude montre également qu’un des problèmes de la technique de congélation intervient au moment de la décongélation tout au moins en ce qui concerne la qualité des acrosomes. Si on considère l’ensemble des inséminations réalisées dans les 10 dernières années, il n’apparaît aucune différence entre le conditionnement en pailles et en pastilles en ce qui concerne le taux de mise bas et la prolificité. Cependant, d’autres facteurs, comme le moment de l’insémination, l’inséminateur et le verrat, peuvent influencer les résultats de fertilité. On peut estimer que par rapport au sperme frais, la congélation entraîne une fertilité inférieure de 20 à 30 points % et une baisse de prolificité de 1 à 3 porcelets.
The Analysis Of The Students’ Difficulty in Memorizing English Vocabulary in Elementary School
Authors: Mailasari Dewi Ulya 
Published: August 2020

<p class="05IsiAbstrak">This article describes the students’ difficulty in memorizing English vocabulary in Integrated Islamic Elementary School (SDIT) Amal Insani Jepara. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method. The result denotes that students have difficulties in memorizing vocabulary including there is no visible intrinsic motivation from students, considering English as just another compulsory subject. In addition to the factors of integration and talent, it seems that attitudinal and motivational factors take the main role of the difficulties of students of SDIT Amal Insani in remembering English vocabulary. Students with a high level of intelligence coupled with high enthusiasm, because there is a reward from the teacher, easy to remember vocabulary as well as remembering other subject matter. Students with a priori and low motivation attitude find it difficult to remember the vocabulary that has been given.</p>
An Analysis on Pre-sequences in Making Invitation Used by freshmen of English as a Foreign Language: The Pragmatics Perspective
Authors: Hidayat Yusuf 
Published: August 2020

This study reports the nature of making invitation carried out by freshmen students of the pragmatic point of view. It attempts to investigate the pre-sequences strategies used for the purpose of inviting in freshmen. The respondents themselves were chosen from the English Education Program, a certain private university located in Ciamis, West Java Province. The results asserted that based on the data gained in the findings aforementioned, 80% of the respondents express their pre-sequences in the form of saying hello, and asking condition. Meanwhile, 20% of other respondents express their pre-sequences in other expressions. Furthermore, 100% of the respondents express pre-sequences expression in beginning their conversation before inviting their partners. In conclusion, the respondents expressed pre-sequences in beginning their invitation expression. Meanwhile, they are able to express quite proper politeness for inviting, accepting or refusing the invitation such suggested by the theory.
EPIDEMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH COVID-19 IN RUSSIA.
Authors: Pshenichnaya Natalia , Lizinfeld Irina , Zhuravlev Grigory 
Published: August 2020

Active epidemic process in Russia started in the March, 2020 after beginning the local transmission. At the end of June approximately 650 thousands COVID-19 cases were recorded in Russia.
Aim of study: epidemical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 in Russia
Materials and methods: statistic analysis of database of COVID-19 in Russia during the first half of 2020.
Majority of cases in a group aged 0-17 years old was mild. Patients > 65 years and above were registered with a moderate and severe forms of COVID-19, what shows that this group needs a special attention. The biggest part of all the cases was in a group of people of employable age. This fact shows that control of restrictive measures has to be performed as a main stream in this group. In case of delayed initial medical service COVID-19 had more moderate and severe forms.
Safe Distraction Technique for Hip Arthroscopy in a Polytraumatized Patient with Pelvic, Acetabular, and Ankle Fractures
Authors: Chawla Sagar , Githens Michael F. , Hagen Mia S. 
Published: August 2020

Case:
A healthy 41-year-old man presented after a motorcycle collision resulting in polytrauma and underwent hip arthroscopy for removal of loose bodies after initial stabilization of pelvic, acetabular, and ipsilateral ankle fractures. Given these injuries, a novel hip distraction technique with a combination of postless traction and skeletal traction was used.

Conclusion:
Specific considerations for hip arthroscopy with concomitant acetabular fracture include alternate techniques for joint distraction, maintenance of low pump pressures, and technical pearls for clearing hemarthrosis. Orthopaedic surgeons familiar with hip arthroscopy can use these methods.
Surgical Excision of a Thrombosed Persistent Median Artery Causing Carpal Tunnel–Like Symptoms
Authors: Bartels Douglas W. , Shin Alexander Y. 
Published: August 2020

Case:
A 51-year-old man presented with pain and paresthesias in the median nerve distribution and a subjective loss of grip strength. Imaging revealed a thrombosed persistent median artery in the carpal tunnel abutting the median nerve. The thrombosed portion of the artery was surgically excised, and the patient experienced resolution of symptoms.

Conclusion:
Persistent median artery thrombosis is rare and can cause carpal tunnel syndrome. Ultrasound is a useful tool for diagnosis and appropriate surgical planning. Although treatment with systemic anticoagulation is an option, surgical excision resulted in resolution of symptoms and an excellent short-term outcome.
Harris Heel View is Inadequate to Visualize Screw Prominence of the Medial Calcaneus
Authors: Hadeed Michael M. , Jennewine Brenton R. , George Jose , Yarboro Seth R. 
Published: August 2020

Case:
A 58-year-old man sustained multiple right foot injuries during a motor vehicle accident that included a calcaneus fracture requiring open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). The procedure was complicated by a prominent implant inferior to the sustentaculum, which necessitated a return to the operating room. Commonly used fluoroscopic views do not adequately image this area. A cadaveric study was undertaken to identify the optimal 2-dimensional fluoroscopic view that evaluates prominent implants at the medial calcaneus.

Conclusion:
The sustentaculum tunnel view gives a reliable image of prominent medial implants, and use of this technique may limit complications after calcaneus ORIF.
Psychosocial barriers and enablers of exclusive breastfeeding: lived experiences of mothers in low-income townships, North West Province, South Africa
Authors: Witten Chantell Beverley , Claasen Nicole , Kruger Herculina S , Coutsoudis Anna , Grobler Herman 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Despite national efforts to promote exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), South Africa’s EBF rate is only 32%. The aim of this study was to examine the rate of EBF discontinuation and the lived experiences of breastfeeding mothers at postnatal time points 3-14 days, 4-8 weeks, 10-14 weeks and 20-24 weeks. Methods: This community-based mixed-methods study collected data within a prospective cohort study on socio-demographics, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF) at 6-8 weeks with infant feeding data collected at 4-8, 10-14 and 20-24 weeks from 159 mothers living in low income areas. Six focus groups with 32 mothers with infants aged 6-24 weeks were conducted. Descriptive statistics was used for the quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative data.Results: The majority of mothers were unmarried (84.9%), living with family (69.2%) and unemployed (74.2%). EBF decreased from 34% at 4-8 weeks to 9.7% at 20-24 weeks. Mixed feeding with infant formula increased from 17.0% to 30.6% and food feeding from 3.1% to 54.2%. While there were no statistically significant associations between EBF and any of the quantitative socio-demographic variables, in the qualitative data, codes associated with barriers were more than enablers. The themes were Mothers’ attributes (wellbeing, experiences and relationships) with the code mother’s stress the strongest barrier, Mother’s knowledge, attitudes and practices of breastfeeding with the code conventional medicines the strongest barrier, Family environment with the code home setting the strongest barrier, Social environment with public spaces and places a barrier and in Baby cues the code baby stomach ailments the barrier. Within these same themes mother’s positive emotions, benefits of breastfeeding, support in the home, access to information and services from health professionals and baby’s health were strong enabling factors. Conclusions: Low EBF, high mixed feeding and a high EPDS score were explained by the barriers identified in the qualitative data. The data suggests that mothers from low-income households would be better supported through interventions that address food insecurity; family relationships and those that build confidence in mothers and resilience in confronting difficult and hostile breastfeeding environments.
Peripheral Anterior Chamber Depth and Screening Techniques for Primary Angle Closure Disease in Community Elderly Chinese
Authors: Luo Qin , Xue Wenwen , Yuan Yin , Fu Chaowei , He Jiangnan , Zou Haidong , Tong Xiaowei , Lee Richard K. , Ge Ling 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: To investigate the distribution of peripheral anterior chamber depth (ACD) and the relationship between peripheral ACD and gonioscopy compared to other ocular parameters for primary angle closure disease (PACD) screening. Methods: We performed a population-based survey in Pudong New District of Shanghai, China, in 2011. Adults 50 and older were enrolled from a population-based study using cluster random sampling in Pudong New District, Shanghai. Remote ocular screening was performed with digital anterior eye structure photography. Van Herrick measurements were used to evaluate the peripheral ACD, the depth of the peripheral anterior chamber, and corneal thickness (CT), and the ACD to CT ratio was calculated. Subjects with peripheral ACD less than 0.5 CT were made follow-up appointments for clinical examination with gonioscopy. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were generated to show the performance of different tests in screening for primary angle closure disease (PACD). Results: 2528 adults participated in the study with 91 patients diagnosed with PACD. 2463 subjects had valid data in the right eye available for analysis. The mean peripheral ACD values for men and women were significantly different: 1.04±0.46 (range 0.11-2.93) CT and 0.87±0.41 (range 0.12-2.96) CT respectively (t=-4.18; P＜0.0001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis reveals that peripheral ACD declined by 0.31 CT (P<0.0001) per diopter of SE and was 0.19 CT (P<0.0001) shallower in women than in men (r2=0.1304, P<0.0001). Peripheral ACD performed best in screening for PACD. Conclusions: Peripheral ACD measurement is recommended for PACD screening in community elderly Chinese.
Chronic Exposure to Ambient Particulate Matter Induces Gut Microbial Dysbiosis in a Rat COPD Model
Authors: Li Naijian , Yang Zhaowei , Liao Baoling , Pan Tianhui , Pu Jinding , Hao Binwei , Fu Zhenli , Cao Weitao , Zhou Yuming , He Fang , Li Bing , Ran Pixin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease following exposure to ambient particulate matter is largely unknown. We hypothesized that exposure alters gut microbial composition and metabolites and may involved in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods: Fifty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to clean air, biomass fuel, or motor vehicle exhaust for 4, 12, and 24 weeks. Lung tissue was assessed histologically and gut microbial composition was assessed by 16S rRNA pyrosequencing. Serum lipopolysaccharide levels were measured and short-chain fatty acids in colon contents were quantified. Results: After a 24-week exposure to particulate matter, rats exhibited pulmonary inflammation and pathological changes characteristic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The gut microbiome was characterized by decreased microbial richness and diversity, distinct overall microbial composition, lower levels of short-chain fatty acids, and higher serum lipopolysaccharide. Conclusion: Chronic exposure to ambient particulate matter induces gut microbial dysbiosis and metabolite shifts in a rat model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Evaluation of standard and semantically-augmented distance metrics for neurology patients
Authors: Hier Daniel B , Kopel Jonathan , Brint Steven U , II Donald C Wunsch , Olbricht Gayla R , Azizi Sima , Allen Blaine 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Patient distances can be calculated based on signs and symptoms derived from an ontological hierarchy. There is controversy as to whether patient distance metrics that consider the semantic similarity between concepts can outperform standard patient distance metrics that are agnostic to concept similarity. The choice of distance metric can dominate the performance of classification or clustering algorithms. Our objective was to determine if semantically augmented distance metrics would outperform standard metrics on machine learning tasks.Methods: We converted the neurological findings from 382 published neurology cases into sets of concepts with corresponding machine-readable codes. We calculated patient distances by four different metrics (cosine distance, a semantically augmented cosine distance, Jaccard distance, and a semantically augmented bipartite distance). Semantic augmentation for two of the metrics depended on concept similarities from a hierarchical neuro-ontology. For machine learning algorithms, we used the patient diagnosis as the ground truth label and patient findings as machine learning features . We assessed classification accuracy for four classifiers and cluster quality for two clustering algorithms for each of the distance metrics.Results: Inter-patient distances were smaller when the distance metric was semantically augmented. Classification accuracy and cluster quality were not significantly different by distance metric.Conclusion: Although semantic augmentation reduced inter-patient distances, we did not find improved classification accuracy or improved cluster quality with semantically augmented patient distance metrics when applied to a dataset of neurology patients. Further work is needed to assess the utility of semantically augmented patient distances.
Detailed severity assessment of Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale to detect large vessel occlusion in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Tárkányi Gábor , Csécsei Péter , Szegedi István , Fehér Evelin , Annus Ádám , Molnár Tihamér , Szapáry László 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Selecting stroke patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) based on prehospital stroke scales could provide a faster triage and transportation to a comprehensive stroke centre resulting a favourable outcome. We aimed here to explore the detailed severity assessment of Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale (CPSS) to improve its ability to detect LVO in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients.

Methods

A cross-sectional analysis was performed in a prospectively collected registry of consecutive patients with first ever AIS admitted within 6 hours after symptom onset. On admission stroke severity was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the presence of LVO was confirmed by computed tomography angiography (CTA) as an endpoint. A detailed version of CPSS (d-CPSS) was designed based on the severity assessment of CPSS items derived from NIHSS. The ability of this scale to confirm an LVO was compared to CPSS and NIHSS respectively.

Results

Using a ROC analysis, the AUC value of d-CPSS was significantly higher compared to the AUC value of CPSS itself (0.788 vs. 0.633, p <0.001) and very similar to the AUC of NIHSS (0.795, p=0.510). An optimal cut-off score was found as d-CPSS≥5 to discriminate the presence of LVO (sensitivity: 69.9%, specificity: 75.2%).

Conclusion

A detailed severity assessment of CPSS items (upper extremity weakness, facial palsy and speech disturbance) could significantly increase the ability of CPSS to discriminate the presence of LVO in AIS patients.
Adolescent and non-consensual anal sexual debut among Chinese men who have sex with men: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Tang Weiming , Wang Yehua , Huang Wenting , Wu Dan , Yang Fan , Xu Yongshi , Ong Jason J. , Fu Hongyun , Yang Bin , Wang Cheng , Ma Wei , Wei Chongyi , Tucker Joseph D. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Adolescent sexual debut and non-consensual sex have been linked to higher sexual risk and STI infection in adulthood among men who have sex with men (MSM) in high-income countries. This study aimed to examine adolescent and non-consensual anal sexual debut among Chinese MSM and to evaluate factors associated with adolescent sexual debut and non-consensual anal sex.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted recently among Chinese men assigned male sex at birth, ≥18 years old, and who had ever engaged in anal sex with a man. Participants answered questions regarding socio-demographics, condomless sex, age at anal sexual debut with a man, and whether the first anal sex was consensual. Factors associated with an adolescent sexual debut (<18 years old) and non-consensual sex at sexual debut were evaluated. We defined adolescent sexual debut as having anal sex with another man at 17 years old or younger, and the participants were asked whether their first male-to-male anal sex was non-consensual.Results: Overall, 2031 eligible men completed the survey. The mean age of sexual debut was 20.7 (SD=4.3) years old. 17.6% (358/2031) of men reported adolescent sexual debut, and 5.0% (101/2031) reported a non-consensual sexual debut. The adolescent sexual debut was associated with having more male sexual partners (adjusted OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.06–1.15) and condomless anal sex in the last three months (AOR=1.71, 95% CI 1.34-2.18). MSM whose sexual debut was non-consensual were more likely to have condomless anal sex (AOR=1.76, 95% CI 1.17-2.66), and to have reported an adolescent sexual debut (AOR=2.72, 95% CI 1.75-4.21).Conclusions: Many Chinese MSM reported adolescent sexual debut and non-consensual sex, both of which are associated with sexual risk behaviors and drive STI transmission. These findings highlight the need for designing tailored interventions for MSM who experienced adolescent sexual debut and non-consensual sex at debut.
Impact of Prior Cancer History on Outcomes in Thymoma
Authors: Wu Shilong , Liu Mengyang , Cui Weixue , Peng Guilin , He Jianxing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Thymoma is an uncommon intrathoracic malignant tumor and has a long natural history. It is uncertain whether the survival of thymoma patient is affected by prior cancer history. Finding out the impact of a prior cancer history on thymoma survival has important implications for both decision making and research.

Method

The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was queried for thymoma patients diagnosed between 1975 and 2015. Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards model were used to analyze overall survival across a variety of stages, age, and treatment methods with a prior cancer history or not.

Results

A total of 3604 patients with thymoma were identified including 507 (14.1%) with a prior cancer history. The 10-year survival rate of patients with a prior cancer history (53.8%) was worse than those without a prior cancer history (40.32%, 95%CI 35.24-45.33, P < 0.0001). However,

adjusted analyses showed that the impact of a prior cancer history was heterogenous across age and treatment methods. In subset analyses, prior cancer history was associated with worse survival among patients who were treated with chemoradiotherapy (HR: 2.80, 95% CI: 1.51-5.20, P = 0.001) and age ≤ 65 years (HR: 1.33, 95%CI: 1.02-1.73, P = 0.036).

Conclusions

Prior cancer history provides an inferior overall survival for patients with thymoma. But it does not worsen the survival in some subgroups and these thymoma patients should not be excluded from clinical trials.