bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender Gaps in Equity Crowdfunding: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment
Authors: Bapna Sofia , Ganco Martin 
Published: October 2020

Although prior research in traditional equity financing shows that male founders are preferred, emerging evidence in low-stakes crowdfunding (e.g., rewards-based crowdfunding) indicates that female entrepreneurs may have an advantage, particularly with female investors. We seek to examine whether investors in high-stakes equity crowdfunding, which includes elements from both traditional equity financing and low-stakes crowdfunding, respond differently to male and female founders. Specifically, we examine whether founder gender preferences, if they exist, vary based on the gender and the experience of the investor. Through a randomized field experiment, we find that inexperienced female investors are significantly more interested (138%) in ventures with female founders than those with male founders; however, we do not observe founder gender preferences among experienced female investors. For male investors, we do not observe differences in interest based on founder gender or investor experience. Thus, we confirm that the gender gaps observed in traditional equity financing are ameliorated in the equity crowdfunding context. Furthermore, we identify a boundary condition to the preference for female founders reported in earlier work involving low-stakes crowdfunding. In high-stakes crowdfunding, investor experience serves as a contingency that reduces female investors’ preference for female founders, potentially because of the weakening effects of activism homophily and the lower reliance on heuristics as investor experience increases. This paper was accepted by Sridhar Tayur, entrepreneurship and innovation.
Revenue-Utility Tradeoff in Assortment Optimization Under the Multinomial Logit Model with Totally Unimodular Constraints
Authors: Sumida Mika , Gallego Guillermo , Rusmevichientong Paat , Topaloglu Huseyin , Davis James 
Published: October 2020

We examine the revenue–utility assortment optimization problem with the goal of finding an assortment that maximizes a linear combination of the expected revenue of the firm and the expected utility of the customer. This criterion captures the trade-off between the firm-centric objective of maximizing the expected revenue and the customer-centric objective of maximizing the expected utility. The customers choose according to the multinomial logit model, and there is a constraint on the offered assortments characterized by a totally unimodular matrix. We show that we can solve the revenue–utility assortment optimization problem by finding the assortment that maximizes only the expected revenue after adjusting the revenue of each product by the same constant. Finding the appropriate revenue adjustment requires solving a nonconvex optimization problem. We give a parametric linear program to generate a collection of candidate assortments that is guaranteed to include an optimal solution to the revenue–utility assortment optimization problem. This collection of candidate assortments also allows us to construct an efficient frontier that shows the optimal expected revenue–utility pairs as we vary the weights in the objective function. Moreover, we develop an approximation scheme that limits the number of candidate assortments while ensuring a prespecified solution quality. Finally, we discuss practical assortment optimization problems that involve totally unimodular constraints. In our computational experiments, we demonstrate that we can obtain significant improvements in the expected utility without incurring a significant loss in the expected revenue. This paper was accepted by Omar Besbes, revenue management and market analytics.
Minimax-Optimal Policy Learning Under Unobserved Confounding
Authors: Kallus Nathan , Zhou Angela 
Published: October 2020

We study the problem of learning personalized decision policies from observational data while accounting for possible unobserved confounding. Previous approaches, which assume unconfoundedness, that is, that no unobserved confounders affect both the treatment assignment as well as outcome, can lead to policies that introduce harm rather than benefit when some unobserved confounding is present as is generally the case with observational data. Instead, because policy value and regret may not be point-identifiable, we study a method that minimizes the worst-case estimated regret of a candidate policy against a baseline policy over an uncertainty set for propensity weights that controls the extent of unobserved confounding. We prove generalization guarantees that ensure our policy is safe when applied in practice and in fact obtains the best possible uniform control on the range of all possible population regrets that agree with the possible extent of confounding. We develop efficient algorithmic solutions to compute this minimax-optimal policy. Finally, we assess and compare our methods on synthetic and semisynthetic data. In particular, we consider a case study on personalizing hormone replacement therapy based on observational data, in which we validate our results on a randomized experiment. We demonstrate that hidden confounding can hinder existing policy-learning approaches and lead to unwarranted harm although our robust approach guarantees safety and focuses on well-evidenced improvement, a necessity for making personalized treatment policies learned from observational data reliable in practice. This paper was accepted by Hamid Nazerzadeh, big data analytics.
A General Framework to Compare Announcement Accuracy: Static vs. LES-Based Announcement
Authors: Bassamboo Achal , Ibrahim Rouba 
Published: October 2020

Service providers often share delay information, in the form of delay announcements, with their customers. In practice, simple delay announcements, such as average waiting times or a weighted average of previously delayed customers, are often used. Our goal in this paper is to gain insight into when such announcements perform well. Specifically, we compare the accuracies of two announcements: (i) a static announcement that does not exploit real-time information about the state of the system and (ii) a dynamic announcement, specifically the last-to-enter-service (LES) announcement, which equals the delay of the last customer to have entered service at the time of the announcement. We propose a novel correlation-based approach that is theoretically appealing because it allows for a comparison of the accuracies of announcements across different queueing models, including multiclass models with a priority service discipline. It is also practically useful because estimating correlations is much easier than fitting an entire queueing model. Using a combination of queueing-theoretic analysis, real-life data analysis, and simulation, we analyze the performance of static and dynamic announcements and derive an appropriate weighted average of the two which we demonstrate has a superior performance using both simulation and data from a call center. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
Detecting Customer Trends for Optimal Promotion Targeting
Authors: Baardman Lennart , Boroujeni Setareh Borjian , Cohen-Hillel Tamar , Panchamgam Kiran , Perakis Georgia 
Published: October 2020

Problem definition: Retailers have become increasingly interested in personalizing their products and services such as promotions. For this, we need new personalized demand models. Unfortunately, social data are not available to many retailers because of cost and privacy issues. Thus, we focus on the problem of detecting customer relationships from transactional data and using them to target promotions to the right customers. Academic/practical relevance: From an academic point of view, this paper solves the novel problem of jointly detecting customer trends and using them for optimal promotion targeting. Notably, we estimate the causal customer-to-customer trend effect solely from transactional data and target promotions for multiple items and time periods. In practice, we provide a new tool for Oracle Retail clients that personalizes promotions. Methodology: We develop a novel customer trend demand model distinguishing between a base purchase probability, capturing factors such as price and seasonality, and a customer trend probability, capturing customer-to-customer trend effects. The estimation procedure is based on regularized bounded variables least squares and instrumental variable methods. The resulting customer trend estimates feed into the dynamic promotion targeting optimization problem, formulated as a nonlinear mixed-integer optimization model. Though it is nondeterministic polynomial-time hard, we propose a greedy algorithm. Results: We prove that our customer-to-customer trend estimates are statistically consistent and that the greedy optimization algorithm is provably good. Having access to Oracle Retail fashion client data, we show that our demand model reduces the weighted-mean absolute percentage error by 11% on average. Also, we provide evidence of the causality of our estimates. Finally, we demonstrate that the optimal policy increases profits by 3%–11%. Managerial implications: The demand model with customer trend and the optimization model for targeted promotions form a decision-support tool for promotion planning. Next to general planning, it also helps to find important customers and target them to generate additional sales. History: This paper has been accepted as part of the 2019 Manufacturing & Service Operations Management Practice-Based Research Competition. Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation [Grant CMMI-156334]. Funding from the Oracle Corporation through an ERO grant is also gratefully acknowledged. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2020.0893 .
‘Race’, Parental Occupation and Academic Performance in a Public School Population
Authors: Halperin Kopl 
Published: October 2020

<p style="text-align:justify">Races of humans exist only as socially defined constructs. It is widely believed that there is a difference in educational achievement between the major "races" in America - "blacks" and "whites". The objective here was to test the veracity of this belief by studying a population that was relatively homogenous on parental occupation. This study found that in a population of 133 13 to 14 year old science students in an affluent public middle school, there was no gap between the academic achievement of students categorized as "black" and students categorized as "white". Stratifying by parental occupation eliminated any distinction. "Asian" students outperformed all other students. Solving the inequities in education should involve consideration of parental occupation.</p>
Identification of responsive genes and analysis of genes with bacterial-inducible cis-regulatory elements in the promoter regions in Oryza sativa L.
Authors: SAIDI Abbas , HAJIBARAT Zohreh , HAJIBARAT Zahra 
Published: October 2020

Bacterial blight of rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is one of the most critical diseases in rice. In order to study rice responsive genes to bacterial stress, microarray data were retrieved from GEO dataset. To identify the responsive genes to biotic stress (bacteria) bioinformatic tools were employed and the data presented in the forms of heatmap, gene ontology, gene network, and cis-element prediction were used. Almost all responsive genes were down-regulated at around 3 h time point and up-regulated 24 h time point in response to bacterial stress in rice varieties (Oryza sativa subs. japonica ‘IR64’, ‘IRBB5’, ‘IRBB7’ and ‘Y73’). Gene ontology showed that genes are involved in different biological processes including translation and cellular protein metabolic processes. Network analysis showed that genes expressed in response to pathogen infection (Xoo) included protein translation, eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs), ribosomal proteins, protein ubiquitin, and MAPK genes. The genes expressed in response to bacterial stress can enable plant balance between synthesis and degradation of proteins which in turn allows plants for further growth and development. TATA-box and CAAT box had the highest number of cis elements involved in bacterial stress. These genes can provide novel insights into regulatory mechanisms in biotic stress responses in rice. Identification of bacterial stress response/tolerance genes of rice can assist the molecular breeding of new rice varieties tolerant to bacterial stress.
Comparative effects of cantharidin and endothall on gene expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes in Cichorium intybus L.
Authors: GHOTBZADEH KERMANI Yalda , KHAVARI NEJAD Ramazan Ali , MAHMOODZADEH Homa , SHAHROKH ABADI Khadijeh 
Published: October 2020

Cantharidin and its analog, endothall, are known to have phytotoxic effects and their mechanism of action involves the inhibition of phosphatases. Enzymes and antioxidant compounds act as barriers against phytotoxic compounds. Catalase and peroxidase are among the most important antioxidant enzymes. Cichorium intybus L. has traditionally been used for its medicinal properties and contains various phytochemical and enzymatic compounds. The present study aimed to investigate the comparative effects of cantharidin and endothall with concentration of 2.5, 5.5 and 10 µg ml-1 on the changes in the gene expression of catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Furthermore, we assess the activities of these enzymes in the shoots and roots of Cichorium intybus L.. According to the findings, the expression of catalase and glutathione peroxidase increased in the samples treated with cantharidin more than endothall compared to the controls in both shoot (the most significant is in cantharidin with 2.5 µg ml-1 concentration) and root samples (the most significant is in cantharidin with 5.5 µg ml-1 concentration). In addition, the activity of catalase and concentrations of cantharidin (2.5 µg ml-1) in shoot samples led to the more intense stimulation of catalase and glutathione peroxidase compared to root samples. We suggest that cantharidin and endothall have negative effect on expression and absorption of antioxidant enzymes.
Modelos para estimar la variación biológica y la interpretación de resultados seriados: bondades y limitaciones
Authors: Díaz-Garzón Jorge , Fernández-Calle Pilar , Ricós Carmen 
Published: October 2020

Resumen
La variación biológica (VB) tiene múltiples aplicaciones en diversos campos del laboratorio clínico. Hay dos formas de relacionar el concepto de VB y los modelos estadísticos. Por un lado existen modelos para el cálculo de estimados de VB (intra e inter individual) y por otro, existen modelos que tienen en cuenta la VB y otros factores para la definición de rangos que ayudan a la interpretación de resultados seriados en un mismo individuo. Dentro de los modelos estadísticos dirigidos al cálculo de los estimados de VB existen dos tipos: A. Métodos directos. Estudios prospectivos, diseñados exclusivamente para el cálculo de estimados de VB: i. Modelo clásico: desarrollado por Harris y Fraser, revisado por EFLM-BVWG. ii. Modelos de efectos mixtos iii. Modelo bayesiano. B. Métodos indirectos. Estudios retrospectivos basados en extraer estimados de VB a partir de resultados que provienen de grandes bases de datos. Big-data. Ambos tipos presentan una serie de características que es importante conocer porque pueden condicionar su aplicabilidad en diferentes situaciones o poblaciones. Entre los modelos para definir rangos que ayudan a la interpretación de resultados seriados en un individuo encontramos: A. Valor de referencia del cambio (VRC). B. Red de datos bayesiana. En resumen, esta revisión pretende dar un enfoque general sobre los modelos para definir los componentes de VB así como otros para aplicarlos en el seguimiento de pacientes, que deberían ser explorados en el futuro para personalizar y mejorar la información aportada por el laboratorio clínico, aprovechando al máximo los recursos disponibles.
Performance enhancement of circularly polarized patch antenna using slotted circular EBG-based metasurface
Authors: Verma Alka , Singh Anil Kumar , Srivastava Neelam , Patil Shilpee , Kanaujia Binod Kumar 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A 3 × 3 slotted circular Electromagnetic Band gap based Metasurface (SCEBG-MS) has been presented in this article, which enhances the performance of a circularly polarized (CP) patch antenna by improving its impedance bandwidth, axial ratio bandwidth and gain. The proposed antenna is having a low profile of 0.065 λ
o (λ
o is the free-space wavelength at center frequency of 6.16 GHz) with ground size selection of 30 × 30 mm. The prototype antenna achieves a measured −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 37% (5.02–7.30 GHz) and measured 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 5.9% (5.24–5.56 GHz). Furthermore, the antenna yields a good peak gain of 6.6 dBic in the CP bandwidth which makes it a promising candidate for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) applications. Experimental results obtained from the fabricated prototype closely matched with the simulated results.
Genomic insights into cyanobacterial protein translocation systems
Authors: Russo David A. , Zedler Julie A. Z. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Cyanobacteria are ubiquitous oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria with a versatile metabolism that is highly dependent on effective protein targeting. Protein sorting in diderm bacteria is not trivial and, in cyanobacteria, even less so due to the presence of a complex membrane system: the outer membrane, the plasma membrane and the thylakoid membrane. In cyanobacteria, protein import into the thylakoids is essential for photosynthesis, export to the periplasm fulfills a multifunctional role in maintaining cell homeostasis, and secretion mediates motility, DNA uptake and environmental interactions. Intriguingly, only one set of genes for the general secretory and the twin-arginine translocation pathways seem to be present. However, these systems have to operate in both plasma and thylakoid membranes. This raises the question of how substrates are recognized and targeted to their correct, final destination. Additional complexities arise when a protein has to be secreted across the outer membrane, where very little is known regarding the mechanisms involved. Given their ecological importance and biotechnological interest, a better understanding of protein targeting in cyanobacteria is of great value. This review will provide insights into the known knowns of protein targeting, propose hypotheses based on available genomic sequences and discuss future directions.
RNA secondary structure dependence in METTL3–METTL14 mRNA methylation is modulated by the N-terminal domain of METTL3
Authors: Meiser Nathalie , Mench Nicole , Hengesbach Martin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

N
6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant modification in mRNA. The core of the human N
6-methyltransferase complex (MTC) is formed by a heterodimer consisting of METTL3 and METTL14, which specifically catalyzes m6A formation within an RRACH sequence context. Using recombinant proteins in a site-specific methylation assay that allows determination of quantitative methylation yields, our results show that this complex methylates its target RNAs not only sequence but also secondary structure dependent. Furthermore, we demonstrate the role of specific protein domains on both RNA binding and substrate turnover, focusing on postulated RNA binding elements. Our results show that one zinc finger motif within the complex is sufficient to bind RNA, however, both zinc fingers are required for methylation activity. We show that the N-terminal domain of METTL3 alters the secondary structure dependence of methylation yields. Our results demonstrate that a cooperative effect of all RNA-binding elements in the METTL3–METTL14 complex is required for efficient catalysis, and that binding of further proteins affecting the NTD of METTL3 may regulate substrate specificity.
The cognitive saliency of word associations of verbs of speech in English as a Lingua Franca interactions
Authors: Pang Yang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBuilding on the theoretical insights into the socio-cognitive approach to the study of interactions in which English is used as a lingua franca (ELF)), this paper reports on the idiosyncratic phenomenon that ELF speakers do not adhere to the norms of native speakers, but instead create their own particular word associations during the course of the interaction. Taking the verbs of speechtalk, say, speak, andtellas examples, this study compares word associations from three corpora of native and non-native speakers. The findings of this study reveal that similar word associative patterns are produced and shared by ELF speech communities from different sociocultural backgrounds, and these differ substantially from those used by native English speakers. Idiom-like constructions such assay like, how to say, andspeakinare developed and utilized by Asian and European ELF speakers. Based on these findings, this paper concludes that ELF speakers use the prefabricated expressions in the target language system only as references, and try to develop their own word associative patterns in ELF interactions. Moreover, the analysis of the non-literalness/metaphorical word associations of the verbs of speech in the Asian ELF corpus suggests that ELF speakers dynamically co-construct their shared common ground to derive non-literal/metaphorical meaning in actual situational context.
Synthesis and crystal structure of 1-octyl-3-phenylquinoxalin-2(1H)-one, C22H26N2O
Authors: Abad Nadeem , Ferfra Souad , Essassi El Mokhtar , Mague Joel T. , Ramli Youssef 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
C22H26N2O, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 47.4887(9) Å, b = 5.0220(1) Å, c = 16.4551(3) Å, β = 108.993(1)°, V = 3710.70(12) Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0345, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0935, T = 150(2) K.

CCDC Nr.: 2025941
Lovely Earth (Leonidas of TarentumAnth. Pal.7.440 = Gow/Page,HE11)
Authors: Coughlan Taylor S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractScholars and editors of Hellenistic epigram have often discounted the authenticity of dialectal variance attested in the manuscript tradition, either privileging the dialectal variant that conforms to the predominant dialect in the epigram or even choosing to change attested dialect forms to produce a uniform coloring. This article argues that the addresses to earth at lines 2 and 10 of Leonidas of TarentumAnth. Pal.7.440 = Gow/Page,HE11 were originally Doric. I show that there are paleographic as well as literary grounds for the reading. In particular, the presence of Doric forms at these two points in the epigram evoke the language of tragic lament. The findings of this article have potentially significant implications for the editing of dialectal mixture in theGreek Anthology.
Entstehung und Befolgung neuer sozialer Normen.
Authors: Diekmann Andreas 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungIn Krisensituationen müssen Menschen umdenken. Ein kollektiver Lernprozess beginnt und neue Ordnungsmuster entstehen. Externalitäten des Verhaltens führen zur Entstehung neuer sozialer Normen. Doch werden die sozialen Normen auch befolgt? Eine genauere Untersuchung muss dem unterschiedlichen Charakter sozialer Normen Rechnung tragen. Im Anschluss an die Theorie von Ullmann-Margalit (1977) haben Koordinationsnormen oder Konventionen (Lewis 1969) andere Konsequenzen für normorientiertes Verhalten als Kooperationsnormen. Diese Unterscheidung ist auch für die Rechtssetzung von Bedeutung. Denn bei Koordinationsnormen gibt es kein „Trittbrettfahrerproblem“, wohl aber bei Kooperationsnormen. In dem Beitrag wird der Frage nach den Eigenschaften in der Corona-Krise neu entstandener Normen wie Abstandsgebot, Maskenpflicht und die Kooperation beim digitalen „Tracing“ von Infektionsketten nachgegangen. Aus der Analyse folgen Bedingungen, die den Grad der Befolgung von Normen erklären können.