bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal hypertrophic and transcriptional responses to high‐load eccentric‐concentric vs concentric training in males
Authors: Mallinson Joanne E. , Taylor Tariq , Constantin‐Teodosiu Dumitru , Billeter‐Clark Rudolf , Constantin Despina , Franchi Martino V. , Narici Marco V. , Auer Dorothee , Greenhaff Paul L. 
Published: August 2020

High‐load eccentric training reputedly produces greater muscle hypertrophy than concentric training, possibly due to greater loading and/or inflammation. We quantified the temporal impact of combined maximal concentric‐eccentric training vs maximal concentric training on muscle cross‐sectional area (CSA), volume, and targeted mRNA expression (93 transcripts). Eight recreationally active males (24 ± 5 years, BMI 23.5 ± 2.5 kg/m2) performed 3 x 30 maximal eccentric isokinetic knee extensions and 2 x 30 maximal concentric knee extensions in dominant limb (ECC + CON) and 5 x 30 maximal concentric contractions (CON) in the non‐dominant limb for 12 weeks (all 90°/s, 3x/wk). Quadriceps muscle CSA and volume were measured at baseline, 28 days (d), and 84 d in both limbs (3T MRI). Resting vastus lateralis biopsies were obtained from both limbs at baseline, 24 hours (h), 7, 28, and 84 d for mRNA abundance measurements (RT‐PCR microfluidic cards). Work output was greater throughout training in ECC + CON vs CON (20.8 ± 9.7%, P < .001). Muscle CSA increased from baseline in both limbs at 28 d (CON 4.3 ± 2.6%, ECC + CON 4.0 ± 1.9%, both P < .001) and 84d (CON 3.9 ± 2.3%, ECC + CON 4.0 ± 3.1%, both P < .001), and muscle volume and isometric strength at 84 d (CON 44.8 ± 40.0%, P < .001; ECC + CON 36.9 ± 40.0%, P < .01), but no between‐limb differences existed in any parameter. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified several cellular functions associated with regulation of muscle mass and metabolism as altered by both modalities at 24 h and 7 d, but particularly with ECC + CON. However, mRNA responses waned thereafter, regardless of modality. Initial muscle mRNA responses to training did not reflect chronic training‐induced hypertrophy. Moreover, ECC + CON did not produce greater hypertrophy than CON, despite greater loading throughout and a differential mRNA response during the initial training week.
Intermodel Spread in the Pattern Effect and Its Contribution to Climate Sensitivity in CMIP5 and CMIP6 Models
Authors: Dong Yue , Armour Kyle C. , Zelinka Mark D. , Proistosescu Cristian , Battisti David S. , Zhou Chen , Andrews Timothy 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRadiative feedbacks depend on the spatial patterns of sea surface temperature (SST) and thus can change over time as SST patterns evolve—the so-called pattern effect. This study investigates intermodel differences in the magnitude of the pattern effect and how these differences contribute to the spread in effective equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) within CMIP5 and CMIP6 models. Effective ECS in CMIP5 estimated from 150-yr-long abrupt4×CO2 simulations is on average 10% higher than that estimated from the early portion (first 50 years) of those simulations, which serves as an analog for historical warming; this difference is reduced to 7% on average in CMIP6. The (negative) net radiative feedback weakens over the course of the abrupt4×CO2 simulations in the vast majority of CMIP5 and CMIP6 models, but this weakening is less dramatic on average in CMIP6. For both ensembles, the total variance in the effective ECS is found to be dominated by the spread in radiative response on fast time scales, rather than the spread in feedback changes. Using Green’s functions derived from two AGCMs shows that the spread in feedbacks on fast time scales may be primarily due to differences in atmospheric model physics, whereas the spread in feedback evolution is primarily governed by differences in SST patterns. Intermodel spread in feedback evolution is well explained by differences in the relative warming in the west Pacific warm-pool regions for the CMIP5 models, but this relation fails to explain differences across the CMIP6 models, suggesting that a stronger sensitivity of extratropical clouds to surface warming may also contribute to feedback changes in CMIP6.
Technology versus tradition: a non-inferiority trial comparing video to face-to-face consultations with a physiotherapist for people with knee osteoarthritis. Protocol for the PEAK randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hinman Rana S. , Kimp Alexander J. , Campbell Penny K. , Russell Trevor , Foster Nadine E. , Kasza Jessica , Harris Anthony , Bennell Kim L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a global problem that causes significant pain and physical dysfunction, substantially impacting on quality of life and imposing enormous cost to the healthcare system. Exercise is pivotal to OA management, yet uptake by people with knee OA is inadequate. Limited access to appropriately skilled health professionals, such as physiotherapists, for prescription of an exercise program and support with exercise is a major barrier to optimal care. Internet-enabled video consultations permit widespread reach. However, services offering video consultations with physiotherapists for musculoskeletal conditions are scant in Australia where there is typically no Government or private health insurer funding for such services. The paucity of robust evidence demonstrating video consultations with physiotherapists are clinically effective, safe and cost-effective for knee OA is hampering implementation of, and willingness of healthcare policymakers to pay for, these services.

Methods
This is an assessor- and participant-blinded, two-arm, pragmatic, comparative effectiveness non-inferiority randomised controlled trial (RCT) conducted in Australia. We are recruiting 394 people from the community with chronic knee pain consistent with a clinical diagnosis of knee OA. Participants are randomly allocated to receive physiotherapy care via i) video-conferencing or; ii) face-to-face consultations. Participants are provided five consultations (30–45 min each) with a physiotherapist over 3 months for prescription of a home-based strengthening exercise program (to be conducted independently at home) and physical activity plan, as well as OA education. Participants in both groups are provided with educational booklets and simple exercise equipment via post. The co-primary outcomes are change in self-reported i) knee pain on walking; and ii) physical function, with a primary end-point of 3 months and a secondary end-point of 9 months. Secondary outcomes include changes in other clinical outcomes (health-related quality of life; therapeutic relationship; global ratings of change; satisfaction with care; self-efficacy; physical activity levels), time and financial costs of attending consultations, healthcare usage and convenience. Non-inferiority will be assessed using the per-protocol dataset.

Discussion
Findings will determine if video consultations with physiotherapists are non-inferior to traditional face-to-face consultations for management of people with knee OA.

Trial registration
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12619001240134. http://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=377672&isReview=true
Sense of support within the family: a cross-sectional study of family members in palliative home care
Authors: Milberg Anna , Liljeroos Maria , Wåhlberg Rakel , Krevers Barbro 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite evidence that family members’ support to each other can be of importance to its members, there are limited studies of factors related to family members’ sense of such support during palliative care.AimBased on the family systems approach, we evaluated which factors were associated with family members’ sense of support within their closest family in a palliative home care context and developed a model that predicts such sense of support.DesignA cross-sectional design was used. We interviewed 209 adult family members (69% of eligible) of adult patients with expected short survival receiving palliative home care.MethodsGeneralised linear models were used to evaluate individual factors related to family members’ sense of support within their closest family during palliative care. The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was applied in the model-building analyses.ResultsNineteen variables were identified that were significantly associated with the family members’ sense of support within the closest family. Model building selected six variables for predicting this sense of support (decreasing Wald values): family member perceiving support from other more distant family members; feeling secure with the provided palliative home care; possibility of respite if family member needed a break; family member living alone; being a child of the patient (inverse relationship); perceiving that the patient was supported by other family members.ConclusionsOur findings support clinical application of the Family Systems Theory in the context of palliative care. The factors identified may be of value in assisting practitioners in detecting and treating family members sensing a low level of support within the closest family.
Perceived educational impact of the medical student long case: a qualitative study
Authors: Tey Corinne , Chiavaroli Neville , Ryan Anna 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The long case is a traditional method of clinical assessment which has fallen out of favour in certain contexts, primarily due to psychometric concerns. This study explored the long case’s educational impact, an aspect which has been neglected in previous research.

Methods
Three focus groups of medical students (20 in total) and semi-structured interviews of six examiners were conducted. Cook and Lineberry’s framework for exploring educational impact was used as a sensitising tool during thematic analysis of the data.

Results
Participants described the long case and its scoring as having influence on student learning. Engaging in the activity of a long case had an essential role in fostering students’ clinical skills and served as a powerful driving force for them to spend time with patients. The long case was seen as authentic, and the only assessment to promote a holistic approach to patients. Students had concerns about inter-case variability, but there was general consensus that the long case was valuable, with allocation of marks being an important motivator for students.

Conclusions
This study offers a unique focus on the traditional long case’s educational consequences; the extent of its positive impact would support its place within a program of assessment.
Utility of a new imaging system for displaying complex anatomy during AF ablation with cryoenergy
Authors: Schillaci Vincenzo , Stabile Giuseppe , Shopova Gergana , Arestia Alberto , Solimene Francesco 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
A new catheter-based 3D dielectric imaging modality to guide electrophysiology ablation procedures that does not require contact or X-ray to image and offers new benefits for cryoablation procedures.

Case presentation
A 51-year-old male with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation was admitted to our hospital for atrial fibrillation ablation that was performed using cryoballoon fourth generation combined with a novel wide-band dielectric imaging system [KODEX-EPD (EPD Solutions, a Philips company)].

Conclusions
This system allowed to visualize left common pulmonary vein before balloon positioning and then confirmed by pulmonary vein angiography.
Pediatric Oncology Clinical Trials and Collaborative Research in Africa: Current Landscape and Future Perspectives
Authors: van Heerden Jaques , Zaghloul Mohamed , Neven Anouk , de Rojas Teresa , Geel Jennifer , Patte Catherine , Balagadde-Kambugu Joyce , Hesseling Peter , Tchintseme Francine , Bouffet Eric , Hessissen Laila ,   on behalf of SIOP Africa
Published: August 2020

PURPOSEAdequate clinical services have yet to be established in the majority of African countries, where childhood cancer survival rates vary from 8.1% to 30.3%. The aim of this review is to describe the landscape of pediatric oncology trials in Africa, identify challenges, and offer future opportunities for research collaborations.METHODSThe study includes data from the International Pediatric Oncology Society (SIOP) global mapping survey, meta-research identifying trials in Africa in ClinicalTrials.gov, and a literature overview of publications on the subject of pediatric oncology clinical research supported by expert opinions on the current situation and challenges.RESULTSThe SIOP global mapping survey received responses from 47 of 54 African countries, of which 23 have active clinical research programs. A preliminary search of ClinicalTrials.gov showed that only 105 (12.1%) of 868 African oncology studies included children and adolescents. Of these, 53 (50.5%) were interventional trials according to the registry’s classification. The small number of African trials for children and adolescents included palliative care and leukemia trials. In African oncology journals and international pediatric oncology journals, < 1% of the pediatric oncology publications come from Africa. Services and research were strengthened by international collaboration. National studies focused on clinical needs, local challenges, or interventional priorities. Both the literature review and the expert opinions highlight the need to expand clinical research in Africa, despite ongoing regional instability and lack of resources.CONCLUSIONWhile a low number of pediatric clinical treatment trials are open to African children and adolescents, clinical research of high quality is being done in Africa. Several initiatives are stimulating the development of the research capacity across the continent, which should increase the publication output.
Board Networks and Corporate Innovation
Authors: Chang Ching-Hung , Wu Qingqing 
Published: August 2020

This paper studies whether board connectedness affects corporate innovation. We find that well-connected boards have a positive effect on innovation activities and quality. The effect is stronger when firms have higher demand for advising or face more severe agency problems. Firms with greater needs for external finance benefit more from board connections with bankers. We show that the positive relation is causal and robust based on a battery of empirical tests including exogenous variation in board connectedness resulting from death and retirement of directors and from a regulatory shock under new exchange listing rules. Evidence indicates that types and relatedness of connections as well as director characteristics contribute to cross-sectional heterogeneity of the positive effect. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Quality of family planning services delivered at health posts and associated factors
Authors: Tamiru Andualem , Kebede Alemi , Dagne Tesfaye , Berhanu Mulugeta , Getachew Muluneh , Tafese Fikru , Kebede Ayantu , Etea Hailu Merga , Amdissa Demuma , Tamiru Dessalegn 
Published: August 2020

Background This study aimed to assess factors associated with quality of family planning services in the Jimma zone, Ethiopia, 2018. Method Cross-sectional study was conducted at health posts in the Jimma zone from 13 March to 13 April 2018. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify client satisfaction on family planning services and qualitative data were presented by triangulating with quantitative findings. Conclusion Less than 50% of clients were satisfied with family planning services which significantly associated with availability of family planning methods and attending family planning education. Therefore, family planning education and availing different family planning methods is important to improve family planning services at the Jimma zone health posts.
Subsequent childbirth after previous traumatic birth experience: women's choices and evaluations
Authors: Holopainen Annaleena , Stramrood Claire , van Pampus Mariëlle G , Hollander Martine , Schuengel Carlo 
Published: August 2020

Background After a traumatic childbirth experience, women are often afraid of future pregnancies, and may be at risk for also experiencing their subsequent childbirth as traumatic. Aims Two questions were investigated regarding women's experience of their subsequent childbirth after a previous traumatic birth: (1) which factors in the previous traumatic birth are associated with the subsequent childbirth experience, and (2) fear of childbirth and coping behaviour during the subsequent pregnancy associated with the subsequent birth experience. Methods A total 474 Dutch women (mean age during traumatic childbirth=28.9 years; SD=3.9) answered an online survey about their previous traumatic and subsequent birth experience. Findings Making a birth plan, choosing a home birth in a high-risk pregnancy, and having a planned caesarean section emerged as statistically significant correlates of positive subsequent birth experience. Conclusion Experiencing control over the subsequent birth might underlie practices associated with more positive subsequent childbirth experience among women with a traumatic childbirth history.
Dead Letters: Censorship and Subversion in New Zealand 1914–1920, Jared Davidson (2019)
Authors: Headley James 
Published: August 2020

Review of: Dead Letters: Censorship and Subversion in New Zealand 1914–1920, Jared Davidson (2019)
Dunedin: Otago University Press, 296 pp.,
ISBN 978 1 98853 152 6 (pbk), NZ$35
Phoney Wars: New Zealand Society in the Second World War, Stevan Eldred-Grigg and Hugh Eldred-Grigg (2017)
Authors: Bracefield Hilary 
Published: August 2020

Review of: Phoney Wars: New Zealand Society in the Second World War, Stevan Eldred-Grigg and Hugh Eldred-Grigg (2017)
Dunedin: Otago University Press, 427 pp.,
ISBN 978 0 94752 223 0 (pbk), NZ$49.95
A Comprehensive, Flexible Collection of SARS-CoV-2 Coding Regions
Authors: Kim Dae-Kyum , Knapp Jennifer J , Kuang Da , Chawla Aditya , Cassonnet Patricia , Lee Hunsang , Sheykhkarimli Dayag , Samavarchi-Tehrani Payman , Abdouni Hala , Rayhan Ashyad , Li Roujia , Pogoutse Oxana , Coyaud Étienne , van der Werf Sylvie , Demeret Caroline , Gingras Anne-Claude , Taipale Mikko , Raught Brian , Jacob Yves , Roth Frederick P 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The world is facing a global pandemic of COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Here we describe a collection of codon-optimized coding sequences for SARS-CoV-2 cloned into Gateway-compatible entry vectors, which enable rapid transfer into a variety of expression and tagging vectors. The collection is freely available. We hope that widespread availability of this SARS-CoV-2 resource will enable many subsequent molecular studies to better understand the viral life cycle and how to block it.
Neurophysiological signals for estimation of the result of latissimus dorsii muscle transfer to biceps brachii in patients with arthrogryposis
Authors: Agranovich Olga E. , Savina Margarita V. , Ivanov Dmitry A. , Boyko Alexey E. , Blagoveshchenskiy Yevgeny D. 
Published: August 2020

Background. One of the leading causes of restriction in daily-living activities in patients with arthrogryposis is severe hypoplasia (or aplasia) of the biceps brachii. Latissimus dorsii muscle transfer to the biceps brachii is one of the most used methods for the reconstruction of active elbow flexion in patients with arthrogryposis.
Aim. The aim of the study is to identify neurophysiological correlates for evaluating the result of the transposition of the latissimus dorsii muscle to the biceps in patients with multiple congenital arthrogryposis.
Materials and methods. From 2011 to 2018, we performed monopolar latissimus dorsii muscle transfer to the biceps for the restoration of active elbow flexion in 30 patients with arthrogryposis (44 upper extremities). The follow-up results were studied in 14 cases. For this purpose, we used clinical examination, surface electromyography (sEMG), and statistical analysis. The patients were examined before and from 1 month to 96 months (7 months; 224.5 months) after the surgery. The age of patients was from 1 to 10 years at the time of surgery (4.89 2.42 years).
Results. Our study showed that the age of the child at the time of surgery does not significantly change the index of activation of the latissimus dorsii muscle. A decrease of coactivation of the latissimus dorsii muscle in the long term after surgery correlates with an increase in the strength of the displaced latissimus dorsii muscle, and an improvement in active flexion in the elbow. If the value of the index of coactivation of the latissimus dorsii muscle is less 42%, the muscle strength after surgery reaches 4 points. It was found that the index of coactivation of the latissimus dorsii muscle does not depend on the level of segmental damage to the spinal cord. However, the strength of the muscle depends on the level of spinal cord damage.
Conclusion. The determination of the index coactivation of the latissimus dorsii muscle after surgery can be used to evaluate the results of the latissimus dorsii muscle transfer to the biceps in patients with arthrogryposis. The index of activation of the latissimus dorsii muscle must be less than 42% for effective elbow active flexion.
Impressões de viagem: olhares sobre a gestão escolar em três instituições de ensino portuguesas
Authors: Mandelert Diana , Lino Lucília Augusta , Mocarzel Marcelo 
Published: August 2020

A viagem educacional feita à Portugal, no mês de setembro de 2018, para conhecer sete instituições escolares portuguesas consideradas inovadoras resultou no presente ensaio de inspiração etnográfica, no qual abordamos três delas. Foram analisados seus projetos diferenciados, a fim de contribuir para o debate sobre escolas de prestígio e o papel da gestão na produção dos elevados padrões de qualidade do ensino e do desempenho dos alunos ostentados por essas instituições. É apresentada uma breve contextualização da educação lusitana para que sejam compreendidas as possibilidades que as escolas oferecem. A primeira escola fica em Lisboa, é privada, com uma pedagogia que congrega a formação humana-religiosa à autonomia dos estudantes, além da coesão de valores institucionais, omnipresente desde a estrutura física até ao currículo do “mar”. A segunda, situada em Coimbra, apresenta um conjunto de características bastante original: é experimental, católica, bilíngue (português e inglês), com uma gestão compartilhada pelos professores que são proprietários da instituição. A terceira é uma escola técnica pública no Porto, com gestão composta pela parceria público-privada, tendo como maior destaque a gestão de recursos efetuada pelo diretor e a adesão à inovação tecnológica. Como resultados, identificamos que as instituições têm em comum o favorecimento da autonomia dos estudantes, o que torna as aprendizagens mais eficazes.
Advérbios em –mente modificando adjetivos em português brasileiro
Authors: Souza Luisandro Mendes de , Foltran Maria José 
Published: August 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma análise de advérbios em –mente na posição de modificação adjetival. Nosso recorte se restringe a duas classes: modificadores de graus – advérbios do tipo extremamente – e modificadores não-restritivos – advérbios do tipo indiscutivelmente. Buscamos justificar a existência dessas duas classes pelo comportamento sintático e semântico de seus membros. Os integrantes da primeira modificam adjetivos graduais, apresentam um esvaziamento semântico do adjetivo base e só aparecem em posição contígua aos adjetivos. Os integrantes da segunda não atuam sobre grau, mantêm o significado do adjetivo base e, quando destacáveis do adjetivo, apresentam significado similar, que inclui a atitude do falante.