bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hot deformation behavior of the AA6016 matrix composite reinforced with in situ ZrB2 and Al2O3 nanoparticles
Authors: Fang Zheng , Zhao Yutao , Kai Xizhou , Tao Ran , Xia Chaoyi , Zhang Zhenyu , Sun Yue 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The hot deformation tests of in situ ZrB2 and Al2O3 nanoparticles reinforced AA6016 matrix composite were studied at deformation temperature of 300 °C–450 °C and strain rate of 0.001–1 s−1. In this paper, the ZrB2 and Al2O3 nanoparticles were successfully prepared by direct melt reaction method firstly. Based on experimental results, the flow stress increased rapidly with the increasing true strain and decreased with the increasing temperature. Constitutive equation of the composite can be established based on the Arrhenius constitutive model. The processing map based on dynamic material model showed two stable processable domains: Domain A(300–360 °C/0.08–0.01 s−1), which was controlled by dynamic recovery and domain B(410–430 °C/0.37–1 s−1), which was typical dynamic recrystallization structure. The microstructural changes of the samples after deformed were observed through optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). It was concluded that these two kinds of reinforced particles can greatly promote recrystallization nucleation at high temperatures. Thus, domain B is optimum hot processing window.
Extraction of magnesium from garnierite by carbothermal reduction in vacuum
Authors: Gu Xu-peng , Qu Tao , Shi Lei , Wang Qiang , Yang Bin , Dai Yong-nian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The aim of the traditional pyrometallurgical processes is to extract nickel and iron in garnierite, but it is difficult to extract magnesium of higher value in minerals. Aimed at solving this problem, the extraction of magnesium from garnierite is proposed and studied in this study. The effects of different reduction temperatures, different reduction times and dosage of CaO additions in experiments were investigated. The experimental results indicate that the extraction rate of magnesium can reach 93.23% when the mass ratio of mineral/reductant is 100:28.3, system pressure is 50 Pa, reduction temperature is 1823 K, and reduction time is 120 min, and, at the same time, the purity of metal magnesium in the condensate can be up to 91.88%. Under these conditions, the extraction rate of magnesium can increase to 99.45% by adding 25 wt% CaO, and the purity of the metal magnesium in the condensate exceeds 90%. CaO as the additive can effectively improve the extraction rate of magnesium and promote the recovery and utilization of magnesium. The mechanism is that CaO replaces –O–Mg– in the –O–Mg−O–Si−O– structure to form free MgO, which is reduced to Mg vapor by carbon and condensed into magnesium metal in the condensation zone to achieve the purpose of removing and collecting Mg from the garnierite. At the same time, the reduced slag is rich in Ni and Fe, which can be used for the extraction of Ni and Fe. Compared with the traditional pyrometallurgical process, the process can extract magnesium from garnierite, and the process is short and its operation is simple, which is a potential technology.
Effect of nanoparticles loading on free vibration response of epoxy and filament winding basalt/epoxy and E-glass/epoxy composite tubes: experimental, analytical and numerical investigations
Authors: Ilangovan S , Senthil Kumaran S , Naresh K 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In recent times, basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) nanocomposites is being increasingly used in aerospace applications such as wing and fuselage structures of the aircraft and outer casings of the rocket, automobile engine drive shafts and fuel tanks in the oil and gas industries, which fills the gap between carbon and E-glass fiber reinforced polymer nanocomposites. These structures are subjected to vibrations and exposed to different temperatures in various places during their service life. However, the comparison of vibration response of silica particles reinforced basalt/epoxy and glass/epoxy nanocomposite tubes in all three approaches, namely, experimental, analytical and numerical (Finite Element Modeling), have not found elsewhere. Analytical and numerical approaches minimize time, manpower and cost. Therefore, investigating the vibration response of different weight contents of these FRP nanocomposite tubes is novel and essential. Hence, in this study, the vibration response of silica nanoparticles reinforced epoxy, basalt/epoxy and E-glass/epoxy composites with different weight contents (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5%) were investigated. The vibration tests were performed at three different boundary conditions such as cantilever, simply supported and fixed-fixed. The first three modes of vibration were considered for analysis. Besides, the heat deflection temperature and the hardness properties were also studied. The results indicate that the natural frequencies were higher for the fixed-fixed case and the damping parameters were higher for the simply supported case. Vibration properties, heat deflection temperature and hardness values were found to be higher in fiber-reinforced nanocomposites than those of epoxy nanocomposites. The data presented in this study will be useful to generate the numerical models for the ground vibration test (GVT).
Optically polarized selection in atomic vapor and its application in mapping the polarization distribution
Authors: Wang Jinwen , Chen Yun , Yang Xin , Liu Jun , Qiu Shuwei , Cao Mingtao , Chen Haixia , Wei Dong , Müller-Dethlefs Klaus , Gao Hong , Li Fuli 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Based on the dichroism induced by the optical pumping effect, a novel and effective configuration to select an arbitrary polarization distribution is proposed. The influence of the distribution of atoms in different Zeeman sub-levels is the main cause to realize the measurement or ‘filtration’ of the state of polarization. A detailed process of the optical pumping effect in our configurations is presented in the theoretical analysis. In the experiment, the flexible function of the atomic medium, such as a polarizer or a polarized filter can efficiently be realized by different polarizations of the pump beam. Four different kinds of vector beams are tested and the ability to analyze any kind of beam with arbitrary polarization distribution is proven in agreement with the prediction. This work has potential applications in atomic physics and polarization optics. Furthermore, it can provide a reference to atom-optical elements and atom-optical devices.
Ancient species offers contemporary therapeutics: an update on shark VNAR single domain antibody sequences, phage libraries and potential clinical applications
Authors: English Hejiao , Hong Jessica , Ho Mitchell 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTThe antigen binding variable domain (VNAR) of the shark immunoglobulin new antigen receptor (IgNAR) evolved approximately 500 million years ago and it is one of the smallest antibody fragments in the animal kingdom with sizes of 12–15 kDa. This review discusses the current knowledge of the shark VNAR single domain sequences and ongoing development of shark VNARs as research tools as well as potential therapeutics, in particular highlighting the recent next-generation sequencing analysis of 1.2 million shark VNAR sequences and construction of a large phage displayed shark VNAR library from six naïve adult nurse sharks (Ginglymostoma cirratum). The large phage-displayed VNAR single domain library covers all the four known VNAR types (Types I–IV) and many previously unknown types. Ongoing preclinical development will help define the utility of shark VNAR single domains as a potentially new family of drug candidates for treating cancer and other human diseases.
Knee pain and future decline in higher-level functional competence in community-dwelling older Japanese: the Kurabuchi cohort study
Authors: Sugai Keiko , Michikawa Takehiro , Takebayashi Toru , Nishiwaki Yuji 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
The effect of knee osteoarthritis, which causes knee pain, on higher-level functional competence (HLFC) is not clear.

Objective
To clarify the effect of knee pain on HLFC in older people.

Design
Community-based prospective cohort study.

Setting
Kurabuchi town, Gumma prefecture, Japan.

Subjects
Community-dwelling individuals aged 65 and older.

Methods
A total of 808 residents participated to the baseline examinations. The frequency of knee pain, degree of pain and functional impairment resulting from the pain were asked at baseline (2005–2006) via a self-administered questionnaire in Japanese based on an English version of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index. Information on HLFC at baseline and during home visits were collected annually until 2014 with the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence. The association between baseline knee pain and HLFC decline was assessed with a Cox proportional hazards model.

Results
Two factors, persistent knee pain and severe functional impairment caused by the pain, were significantly associated with future declines in total HLFC, with adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 1.51 (1.08–2.11) and 1.49 (1.10–2.00). In analysis by subcategory, persistent knee pain had a significant adverse effect on participants’ intellectual and social activities, and that severe physical functional impairment also had a significant impact on social activities.

Conclusions
The clear association of the frequency of knee pain and resultant functional impairment with future HLFC decline indicates that collecting information about these factors may be useful in identifying older people at high risk of future HLFC decline.
CoMeBack: DNA methylation array data analysis for co-methylated regions
Authors: Gatev Evan , Gladish Nicole , Mostafavi Sara , Kobor Michael S 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMotivationHigh-dimensional DNA methylation (DNAm) array coverage, while sparse in the context of the entire DNA methylome, still constitutes a very large number of CpG probes. The ensuing multiple-test corrections affect the statistical power to detect associations, likely contributing to prevalent limited reproducibility. Array probes measuring proximal CpG sites often have correlated levels of DNAm that may not only be biologically meaningful but also imply statistical dependence and redundancy. New methods that account for such correlations between adjacent probes may enable improved specificity, discovery and interpretation of statistical associations in DNAm array data.ResultsWe developed a method named Co-Methylation with genomic CpG Background (CoMeBack) that estimates DNA co-methylation, defined as proximal CpG probes with correlated DNAm across individuals. CoMeBack outputs co-methylated regions (CMRs), spanning sets of array probes constructed based on all genomic CpG sites, including those not measured on the array, and without any phenotypic variable inputs. This approach can reduce the multiple-test correction burden, while enhancing the discovery and specificity of statistical associations. We constructed and validated CMRs in whole blood, using publicly available Illumina Infinium 450 K array data from over 5000 individuals. These CMRs were enriched for enhancer chromatin states, and binding site motifs for several transcription factors involved in blood physiology. We illustrated how CMR-based epigenome-wide association studies can improve discovery and reduce false positives for associations with chronological age.Availability and implementationhttps://bitbucket.org/flopflip/comeback.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A robust method for shift detection in time series
Authors: Dehling H , Fried R , Wendler M 
Published: January 2020

Summary
We present a robust and nonparametric test for the presence of a changepoint in a time series, based on the two-sample Hodges–Lehmann estimator. We develop new limit theory for a class of statistics based on two-sample U-quantile processes in the case of short-range dependent observations. Using this theory, we derive the asymptotic distribution of our test statistic under the null hypothesis of a constant level. The proposed test shows better overall performance under normal, heavy-tailed and skewed distributions than several other modifications of the popular cumulative sums test based on U-statistics, one-sample U-quantiles or M-estimation. The new theory does not involve moment conditions, so any transform of the observed process can be used to test the stability of higher-order characteristics such as variability, skewness and kurtosis.
Upper limb isometric exercise protocolled programme and arteriovenous fistula maturation process
Authors: Tapia González Irati , Esteve Simó Vicent , Ibañez Pallares Sara , Moreno Guzman Fátima , Fulquet Nicolás Miquel , Duarte Gallego Verónica , Saurina Solé Anna , Pou Potau Mónica , Yeste Campos Montserrat , Ramírez de Arellano Serna Manel 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the gold standard for vascular access (VA) for end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Post-operative exercises may help to improve maturation. Nevertheless, scarce scientific evidence has been reported about their utility to date. Our objective was to assess the effect of a post-operative isometric exercise programme on native VA maturation in patients with stage 5–5D CKD.

Methods
We performed a 24-month prospective study. After surgery, patients were randomized to the isometric exercise group (EG) or control group (CG). An isometric exercise protocolled programme was performed in the EG. The CG received usual care. Demographic data, muscle strength using a hand-grip (HG) dynamometer, main Doppler ultrasound (DUS) measurements, clinical and DUS maturation and VA complications were assessed at 4 and 8 weeks post-operatively.

Results
For 60 sixty patients (30 in the EG), demographic data and HG and DUS measurements at baseline were similar. A significant increase in HG was observed only in the EG at the end of the study (20.7 ± 8.1 versus 25.1 ± 10.3 kg, P = 0.001). The EG obtained the highest clinical maturation at 4 (CG 33.3% versus EG 70%, P = 0.009) and 8 weeks (CG 33.3% versus EG 76.7%, P = 0.002). Similarly, DUS maturation was better in the EG at 4 (CG 40% versus EG 80%, P = 0.003) and 8 weeks (CG 43.3% versus EG 83.3%, P = 0.003) and remained so in the EG for both distal and proximal VA territories for all these periods.

Conclusions
The upper limb isometric exercise protocolled programme improved clinical and DUS maturation in our patients in both the distal and proximal VA territories. Further studies are required to support these results.
Adaptation of Babson's Method for the Determination of Serum Glutamic Oxalacetic Transaminase in the Clinical Laboratory
Authors: Furuno Masaki , Sheena Albert 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Babson's method for the assay of serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGO-T) is modified to increase its accuracy and reliability. The final color produced is made stable with the addition of bisulfite ion, thereby making the procedure more suitable for the routine clinical laboratory. The 95% limits for values on 20 healthy laboratory workers was 4 to 26 units with a mean of 13 units.
A New Method for the Determination of Nitrofurantoin in Urine
Authors: Conklin John D , Hollifield Richard D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Nitrofurantoin is presently used as an antibacterial agent for the urinary tract of both man and animals. A new, quantitative procedure for the determination of this drug in urine consists of direct extraction of the nonionized form of the drug by the use of nitromethane, addition of an alkaline reagent to the extract to produce a visible color, and determination of the nitrofurantoin concentration by spectrophotometry. The method has a sensitivity of 5 mg./L., with recoveries of 99-101% and a standard curve that is linear to 100 mg./L. Results indicate that the method measures nitrofurantoin alone, and not its metabolites, in rat, dog, and human urine.
Stabilization and Preservation of Serum Prostatic Acid Phosphatase Activity
Authors: Doe Richard P , Mellinger George T , Seal Ulysses S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The effects of pH and temperature of storage on the stability of the prostatic fraction of serum acid phosphatase activity have been studied in order to provide a satisfactory method for the preservation of activity in serums shipped from other hospitals. Addition of citrate tablets of a composition to buffer the serums at pH 6.2 was found to preserve the original activity at 25° for at least 7 days. These results were validated on a series of serums, subdivided into control and citrate-containing aliquots, shipped from the participating hospitals.
An Automated Trihydroxyindole Procedure for the Differential Analysis of Catecholamines
Authors: Robinson Robert L , Watts Daniel T 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An automated trihydroxyindole procedure for the differential estimation of epinephrine and norepinephrine in tissues, urine, and blood is presented in detail. After an initial purification of the catecholamines by adsorption on aluminum oxide, the neutralized eluates are subjected to automatic analysis, in which potassium ferricyanide and an alkaline stabilizing agent are automatically mixed sequentially with the dialyzed catecholamines. The fluorescent trihydroxyindole derivatives formed are then delivered to a flow cell in a fluorometer and the fluorescence recorded. A differential estimation is obtained by running samples through the system, first with ascorbic acid stabilization to obtain the combined fluorescence of both amines and then with thioglycolic acid stabilization to obtain the fluorescence of norepinephrine alone.
A Direct-Reading Bilirubinometer Incorporating Hemolysis and Turbidity Correction
Authors: Jackson Sanford H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An instrument has been developed by which the bilirubin concentration in serum is determined spectrophotometrically. A reading of the difference in absorbance at 450 mµ and 540 mµ is obtained. The presence of hemoglobin or turbidity is corrected for, so that the differential absorbance reading, multiplied by a calibration factor, gives the correct bilirubin concentration. Comparisons with analyses using a Zeiss PMQ spectrophotometer agree closely.
Improved Instrumentation for the Determination of Prothrombin Activity
Authors: Sterling Rex E , Wilcox Alan A , Ware Arnold G , Umehara Mary K 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The one-stage prothrombin method of Ware and Stragnell (2) has been semiautomated. This method employs an automatic pipetter-diluter and an end-point detector. These instruments materially increase the output per technician.
Coulometric Determination of Protein Nitrogen
Authors: Christian Gary D , Knoblock Edward C , Purdy William C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A coulometric method is described for the determination of ammonia resulting from micro-Kjeldahl digestion of protein samples. The method has been applied to the direct titration of the ammonia in the digests. Routine titration of the ammonia resulting from 10-µl. serum samples is described; the method has been applied to 1-µl. samples. Results are compared with standard macro- and micro-Kjeldahl procedures.
Method for Tissue Hemoglobin Analysis
Authors: Andersen Daniel , Shoemaker William C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A colorimetric method for analysis of the red cell content of tissues is described, and compared with an independent radioassay method. The introduced method is based upon acid extraction of tissue, treatment with base, and adsorption of the remaining turbidity with lauryl sulfate. Preliminary data are presented on the reproducibility of the colorimetric method on multiple biopsies of the canine liver. Red cell content of biopsies obtained from a series of normal dogs was 0.031 ml./gm. of liver tissue with a standard deviation of ± 0.011. The red cell content of the liver of dogs in various physiologic conditions ranged up to 0.096 ml./gm. of liver tissue.
Separation and Determination of the Total Globulins of Human Serum
Authors: RodKey F Lee 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A method for isolation and determination of total globulins of human serum, carried out in a single tube without transfer, is described. Serum is treated with 2% (w/v) TCA in ethanol at room temperature to precipitate the globulins quantitatively as a gelatinous white precipitate easily recovered by centrifugation. The supernatant fluid is discarded and the precipitate washed with 2% TCA in ethanol. The globulin precipitate is dissolved in dilute NaOH and biuret reagent is added. There is no interference in the analysis of highly lipemic, icteric, or hemolyzed samples. The method has been applied to a number of abnormal serums, and the reproducibility determined. The globulin precipitation is more reproducible than salt fractionation, and no ether is required for the separation of the albumin from the globulin.
Immunoglobulin Components of "Gamma" Globulin in Human Serum
Authors: Trevorrow Virginia E , Merrill Deborah , Claman Henry N 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Total gamma globulin was measured after paper electrophoresis of 40 human sera. Gamma G, γ A, and γ M immunoproteins were measured in these sera by single diffusion in agar gel. The total gamma globulin was found to consist primarily of γ G and γ M proteins, with a small portion of the γ A also included.
Relative Rates of Color Development of 17-Keto- and Ketogenic Steroids in the Zimmermann Reaction
Authors: Liu John HC 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The rates of reaction at 27° 37°, 47°, and 57°, of 17-ketosteroids (17-KS), dehydroisoandrosterone (DHA), and 17-ketogenic steroids (17-KGS) were studied by a modified Zimmermann color reaction. Curves were constructed by plotting absorbance against time necessary for maximum color development at these temperatures. Pooled eluates of 17-KS and 17-KGS from normal urine samples were used in the determinations. Temperature was plotted against the time found necessary for maximum color development using DHA as standard. Experimental results conformed to the temperature-dependence theory of reaction rates, that for every 10° rise, the rate of reaction doubles. Curves of the absorbances at various times of incubation were calculated as percentiles of maximum color formation at each temperature. The interrelationship between 17-KS, 17-KGS, and DHA with respect to optimum reading time was noted. The significance of the finding that the rate of reaction of 17-KGS is much greater than that of 17-KS and DHA is demonstrated. Functional group contribution to the rate of reaction is discussed, as are other factors affecting the Zimmermann color reaction.
Data Processing in Clinical Chemistry
Authors: Peacock Andrew C , Bunting Sylvia L , Brewer Donna , Cotlove Ernest , Williams George Z 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The flow of data in the clinical chemistry laboratory has been studied with respect to the types of personnel handling it and the ultimate use of the data. In order to promote higher efficiency, a data processing system using punched cards has been devised and operated for a period of approximately 24 months.
Forms, cards and general considerations useful in such a system are described in detail. Some of the problems associated with this type of operation are discussed, as are the economics of this system and its general applicability.