bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperlipidic diet affects body composition and induces anxiety‐like behaviour in intrauterine growth‐restricted adult mice
Authors: de Almeida Silva Luana Cristina , de Oliveira Allan Chiaratti , Cavalcante‐Silva Vanessa , Franco Maria do Carmo , D'Almeida Vânia 
Published: October 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?What is the effect in male and female offspring of a protein‐deficient diet producing intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in maternal mice on morphometric, metabolic and behavioural parameters before and after a challenge with a fat diet?
What is the main finding and its importance?Male and female mice presented different growth trajectories after birth. IUGR favoured increased adiposity in male mice, and high‐fat diet‐induced anxiety‐like behaviour in female mice.
AbstractAs there is sexual dimorphism in the response to maternal manipulations, we aimed to analyse the effects of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in both sexes on morphometric, metabolic and behavioural parameters throughout postnatal development, and after challenge with a hyperlipidic diet. Female Swiss mice (n = 59) were distributed into two groups (SD: standard diet, n = 26; and PDD: isocaloric protein‐deficient diet, n = 33), 2 weeks before mating and during the gestational period. After birth, offspring from SD and PDD dams were cross‐fostered and nurtured by SD dams until postnatal day (PND) 28. At PND 60 all animals were challenged with a hypercaloric diet for 4 weeks. Offspring birth weight was significantly reduced in the PDD group compared to the SD group (P = 0.0001), but only male offspring presented a rapid catch‐up during the first 21 days of development. Although no differences in body weight were observed between groups after the challenge with the hyperlipidic diet, an increase in the relative perigonadal white adipose tissue (P = 0.009) and a decrease in gross gastrocnemius muscle weight (P = 0.010) were observed in the PDD males. In relation to behavioural tests, there was an increase in locomotion in both sexes (P = 0.0001), and a decrease in female grooming (P = 0.006) in the PDD group. Additionally, females from the PDD group showed increased hyperlipidic food intake. In conclusion, IUGR affected both sexes, with females showing prominent behavioural modifications and males presenting altered body composition elicited by a hyperlipidic diet.
Near‐infrared spectroscopy measures of sternocleidomastoid blood flow during exercise and hyperpnoea
Authors: Ramsook Andrew H. , Peters Carli M. , Leahy Michael G. , Archiza Bruno , Mitchell Reid A. , Jasinovic Tin , Koehle Michael S. , Guenette Jordan A. , Sheel A. William 
Published: October 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?How does sternocleidomastoid blood flow change in response to increasing ventilation and whole‐body exercise intensity?
What is the main finding and its importance?Sternocleidomastoid blood flow increased with increasing ventilation. For a given ventilation, sternocleidomastoid blood flow was lower during whole‐body exercise compared to resting hyperpnoea. These findings suggest that locomotor muscle work exerts an effect on respiratory muscle blood flow that can be observed in the sternocleidomastoid.
AbstractRespiratory muscle work influences the distribution of blood flow during exercise. Most studies have focused on blood flow to the locomotor musculature rather than the respiratory muscles, owing to the complex anatomical arrangement of respiratory muscles. The purpose of this study was to examine how accessory respiratory (i.e. sternocleidomastoid, and muscles in the intercostal space) muscle blood flow changes in response to locomotor muscle work. Seven men performed 5 min bouts of constant load cycling exercise trials at 30%, 60% and 90% of peak work rate in a randomized order, followed by 5 min bouts of voluntary hyperpnoea (VH) matching the ventilation achieved during each exercise (EX) trial. Blood‐flow index (BFI) of the vastus lateralis, sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and seventh intercostal space (IC) were estimated using near‐infrared spectroscopy and indocyanine green and expressed relative to resting levels. BFISCM was greater during VH compared to EX (P = 0.002) and increased with increasing exercise intensity (P = 0.036). BFISCM reached 493 ± 219% and 301 ± 215% rest during VH and EX at 90% peak work rate, respectively. BFIIC increased to 242 ± 178% and 210 ± 117% rest at 30% peak work rate during VH and EX, respectively. No statistically significant differences in BFIIC were observed with increased work rate during VH or EX (both P > 0.05). Moreover, there was no observed difference in BFIIC between conditions (P > 0.05). BFISCM was lower for a given minute ventilation during EX compared to VH, suggesting that accessory respiratory muscle blood flow is influenced by whole‐body exercise.
Drag on Janus Sphere in a Channel: Effect of Particle Position
Authors: Dhiman Manish , Gupta Raghvendra , Reddy K. Anki 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Potential use of Janus spheres in novel engineering applications is being explored actively in recent years. Hydrodynamics around Janus spheres is different from that around homogeneous sticky or slippery spheres. Instantaneous motion of a sphere in channel flow is governed by hydrodynamic force experienced by the sphere, which in turn depends on the particle to channel size ratio, its instantaneous position, hydrophobicity of its surface, and the particle Reynolds number. We investigate numerically the drag experienced by a Janus sphere located at different off-center positions in a square channel. Two orientations of Janus sphere consisting of a sticky and a slippery hemisphere with the boundary between them parallel to the channel midplane are studied: (1) slippery hemisphere facing the channel centerline and (2) sticky hemisphere facing the channel centerline. The flow field around Janus sphere is found to be steady (for Re ≤ 50 investigated in this work) and asymmetric. Based on the data obtained, a correlation for drag coefficient as a function of particle Reynolds number and dimensionless particle position is also proposed.
Study of Unsteady Flow Through and Around an Array of Isolated Square Cylinders
Authors: Fang Yuhao , Yang Zhigang , Ma Yuan , Li Qiliang , Du Xuzhi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Flow past a porous square cylinder, which is constituted by an array of small square cylinders, was studied by simplified and highly stable lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) at Re = 4000. The effects of solid volume fractions (SVF) on the flow structure and important aerodynamic parameters were investigated and the internal fluid was described by phase-averaged method and its interaction with the near region. Several energy-contained Strouhal numbers come up in cylinder arrays, and mass flux through arrays is calculated to estimate the effects of blocking. The average total force on the array is found to decrease monotonically with decreasing SVF, and it has a dramatic drop as SVF decreasing from 0.062 to 0.036. The mass flux of array for SVF = 0.062 is smaller than that of 0.073 due to the stagger arrangement of isolated cylinders. The underlying Reynolds stresses reveal the increase in mean wake length as SVF decreases, and it behaves like the solid one for SVF = 0.132. Comparing with the other SVFs, the shear layer region at SVF = 0.132 indicates a significant decrease of curvature and a linear increase of growth rate, but a nonlinear growth rate for the other SVFs can be observed. The local maximum turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and vorticity in shear layer region reveal the variation during the initial stages following separation. Moreover, detailed investigations of instantaneous wake dynamics provide an assistance to understand the flow physics of cylinder arrays for different SVF.
An Overview of Synthetic Jet Under Different Clamping and Amplitude Modulation Techniques
Authors: Azzawi Itimad D. J. , Jaworski Artur J. , Mao Xiaoan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
There is generally limited guidance available on the optimum clamping method for the diaphragms used in the synthetic jet actuators (SJAs). This paper describes the effects of clamping methods (O-rings, neoprene rubber washers and metal-to-metal clamping) on the actuator diaphragm displacement using Polytec scan vibrometer (PSV). Once the clamping type was implemented, an optimization study to examine the effect of geometrical parameters for three designs of synthetic jet actuators in quiescent conditions—in particular the number of orifices per cavity, the space between them, and their effects on the jet velocity—was performed. It has also been shown that with use the Helmholtz resonance of the cavity and amplitude modulation of the excitation signal, the actuator can exhibit a more significant “blowing” velocity at a reduced power input.
Stability Regions of Vehicle Lateral Dynamics: Estimation and Analysis
Authors: Huang Yiwen , Liang Wei , Chen Yan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A new method is proposed to estimate and analyze the vehicle lateral stability region, which provides a direct and intuitive demonstration for the safety and stability control of ground vehicles. Based on a four-wheel vehicle model and a nonlinear two-dimensional (2D) analytical LuGre tire model, a local linearization method is applied to estimate the vehicle lateral stability regions by analyzing the vehicle stability at each operation point on a phase plane, which includes but not limited to the equilibrium points. As the collections of all the locally stable operation points, the estimated stability regions are conservative because both vehicle and tire stability are simultaneously considered, which are especially important for characterizing the stability features of highly/fully automated ground vehicles (AGV). The obtained lateral stability regions can be well explained by the vehicle characteristics of oversteering and understeering in the context of vehicle handling stability. The impacts of vehicle lateral load transfer, longitudinal velocity, tire-road friction coefficient, and steering angle on the estimated stability regions are presented and discussed. To validate the correctness of the estimated stability regions, a case study by matlab/simulink and CarSim® co-simulation is presented and discussed.
An Analytical Anisotropic Model to Analyze Fiber Reinforced Polymer Bolted Flange Joints
Authors: Vafadar Ali Khazraiyan , Bouzid Abdel-Hakim , Ngô Anh Dung 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Fiber Reinforce Plastic composite flanges have recently experienced a spectacular development in the area of pressure vessels and piping. The current procedures used for the design of these flanges are a major concern because of their inappropriateness to address the anisotropic behavior of composite materials. The current ASME code design procedure of composite flanges of section X uses the same analytical method as the one of section VIII division 2 which treat the flanges as isotropic materials such as metallic flanges.
This study deals with FRP bolted flange joints integrity and bolt tightness. A new developed analytical FRP model that treats anisotropic flanges with and without a hub is presented. The model is based on the anisotropy and a flexibility analysis of all joint elements including the gasket, bolts and flanges. It is supported experimentally with tests conducted on a real NPS 3 class 150 FRP bolted flange. Furthermore, three different numerical models based on 3D anisotropic layered shell and solid element models were conducted to further compare and verify the results obtained from the new developed analytical approach. The results show that the new model has potential to be used as an alternative tool to FEM if an accurate method to analyses the stresses and deformation of problematic FRP bolted joint applications.
Strain Limits Against Local Fracture of Vessels and Components
Authors: Li Xian-Xing (Lambert) , Xi Feng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
To protect vessels and components against local fracture, fracture initiation strain limits are used as acceptance criteria. Based on the fracture strain model established from the Unified Strength Theory, this paper proposes fracture strain limits with only three model parameters to be calibrated. To avoid large sensitivity of an elastic-plastic analysis to the intermediate principal stress and also the Lode angle due to assumptions and simplifications used for analysis, the lower-bound fracture initiation strain limits with respect to the Lode angle are proposed. The model parameters are determined directly using the material constants defined in the ASME BPVC VIII-2. The proposed strain limit model is validated against available experimental results of aluminum alloys and low to medium carbon steels. Accuracy and applicability of the ASME VIII-2 and III specified strain limits are examined and discussed. Non-conservatism and over-conservatism in the ASME code specified strain limits can be removed. The proposed lower-bound strain limits retain simple forms and provide practical and enhanced acceptance criteria against local fracture.
The Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure and Thermal Load on Buckling Analysis of Large Scale Tank Roof
Authors: Shi Qianyu , Wang Zhijian , Tang Hui , Li Qi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Large scale molten salt storage tanks are widely used in the solar thermal power systems. For these tanks, buckling is a primary failure mode because of its features such as large scale, thinned wall and high temperature. Suffering high temperature condition is a major distinction between molten salt storage tanks and other water or oil tanks. High temperature can cause large thermal deformation for large scale structures which may have an effect on the safety assessment, especially on buckling assessment. Meanwhile, the hydrostatic pressure of molten salt can also cause the change of tank’s configuration. In this paper, a typical large molten salt storage tank has been studied. The critical buckling loads of the tank roof are obtained using nonlinear buckling analysis considering thermal loads and hydrostatic pressure. The results are discussed and some conclusions are proposed for engineering design.
Crude Furnace Floor Creep Assessment and Remaining Life Assessment due to Hot Spots
Authors: Lee Gary , Galacio Emerson , Junio Romy , Magtibay Alex , Griffiths Elijah , Kwon Ohgeon 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Fitness for Service (FFS) assessment and remaining life assessment of the furnace floor plates in a crude charge heater where hot spots up to 500°C have been observed during operation in 2018 was undertaken as a pre assessment prior to the unit turnaround. The remaining life assessment results would provide the turnaround team with firm scope for repair in order to resintate the bottom plate and avoid discovery scope.
Two Finite Element (FE) models were created to account for hotspot temperature conditions measured at November 2018 and June 2019. Each of these FE models involved successive loading conditions, so that the effects of each loading scenario could be investigated. The loading conditions were applied in steps, in the following order:
1. Gravity.
2. Temperature, modelling hotspot behaviour.
3. Creep, viscoelastic analysis.
Utilising the FE models created for the two hotspot conditions, remaining life was calculated and suggested that the worst location for creep damage is near burner 2 (the maximum creep damage location of the November 2018 condition).
Based on the assessment, the following recommendations are made:
1. Continue to observe and maintain temperatures below the creep temperature range (i.e. no additional hotspots are created and temperatures are not increasing).
2. Undertake creep testing from metal samples.
3. Re-inspect in 8 years at the same locations where metallographic replication was performed in September 2019.
Composite Overwrapped Pipe Burst Test
Authors: Littlefield Andrew , Smith Lucas , Macri Michael , Root Joshua , Bartolucci Stephen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
With the emphasis on lightweighting, composites are being turned to for help to reduce weight while still maintaining strength and stiffness. However, composites tend to be linear elastic to failure so there is often no warning of failure unlike in metallic components. For this research, a pipe section was fabricated from an Inconel 718 liner with a carbon composite overwrap. The pipe was instrumented and then subjected to increasing internal pressure until failure. The carbon composite was composed of IM7 fibers in a geopolymer matrix. Since the exact properties of the composite were not initially known, a simple laminate model of the tube was done using carbon-epoxy data. This resulted in an over prediction of the failure load. The exact material used was tested and a new laminate model was created that better matched the experimental results. The results from the experiment and laminate model were used to assist in the creation and validation of a finite element model of the experiment. The model makes use of advanced numerical techniques to predict when failure will occur. The failed specimen was then analyzed to determine failure mechanism and quality of the composite wrap. This paper will present the fabrication, modeling, testing and failure analysis of this effort.
Venting Manhole Cover: A Nonlinear Spring-Mass System
Authors: Tijsseling Arris S. , Vasconcelos Jose G. , Hou Qingzhi , Bozkuş Zafer 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Manholes are vertical shafts connecting underground sewers with street-level terminals. They are covered by heavy lids. During periods of heavy rainfall, the air column in the upper part of the manhole may be compressed to such high level that the lid moves up. Of course, this is a dangerous situation for pedestrians and road traffic. Bolting the lid may provide a solution to the problem, but it is known that air pressurization underneath can result in structural damage.
A simple model is proposed to describe the lifting of the lid (manhole cover). When the lid moves up, air is allowed to escape so that the lifting pressure decreases and the lid moves down, whereupon the air pressure increases again. This repetition might lead to the realistic phenomenon of the dancing manhole cover. Since the model is strongly nonlinear, interesting dynamic behavior is expected.
Strength Analysis and Influence Factors Research of Carbon-Fiber Wound Composite Gas Cylinder With Aluminum Liner
Authors: Wang Zunwu , Duan Chenghong , Luo Xiangpeng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The carbon-fiber wound composite gas cylinder with aluminum liner is a kind of the commonly used composite material wound gas cylinder, which has the advantages of light weight, high strength and high explosion resistance, and it has been widely used in aviation, chemical industry and other industries. As the application conditions of composite gas cylinder are more and more strict, the strength requirements of composite gas cylinder are higher, and the composite layer parameters in the manufacturing process are important factors that affect the strength of composite gas cylinder. In this paper, the finite element model of a carbon-fiber wound composite gas cylinder with aluminum liner is established by using APDL (ANSYS Parametric Design Language), and the stress distribution rules of aluminum liner and composite of gas cylinder under the conditions of autofrettage pressure, zero pressure, working pressure, hydrostatic test pressure and minimum bursting pressure is studied. The strength of the gas cylinder is evaluated according to the “DOT-CFFC” Code (basic requirements for fully wrapped carbon-fiber reinforced aluminum lined cylinders). In addition, influence rules of composite layer structure of winding mode and autofrettage on the strength and bearing capacity of gas cylinder is further explored. The work could provide reference for the practical application of carbon-fiber wound composite gas cylinder with aluminum liner.
The Effects of Material Properties on Crack Tip Constraint and CTOD Fracture Toughness for Commonly Used Pipelines Steels
Authors: Zhang Yinhui , Shuai Jian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
As the main transportation carrier of oil and gas, pipelines play a very important role in the petroleum industry. When the crack-containing pipelines subjected to external loads, the cracks may propagate gradually, and result in serious failure eventually. Therefore, accurately obtaining the fracture toughness is very essential for the safety assessment of the crack-containing pipelines. However, the fracture toughness is not a material intrinsic parameter, but heavily depends on the constraint. To obtain the accurate relationship between the constraint and the fracture toughness for different materials, it is necessary to determine the effects of different material parameters on the change characteristics of the constraint and the fracture toughness.
In this work, the commonly used pipelines steels are selected as the research materials. The SENB specimens and the complete Gurson model are used to conduct the simulation with ABAQUS. The material parameters analyzed include strain hardening exponent, yield strength and initial void volume fraction. The results show that for the thinner specimen, the higher strain hardening capacity will result in lower constraint. The higher strain hardening capacity will result in higher constraint for the thicker specimen. For the thinner specimen, the constraint is approximately the same for the materials with different yield strength. The constraint will decrease with the increase of yield strength for the thicker specimen. In the middle range of the thickness of specimen, higher initial void volume fraction will result in higher constraint. For the thicker and thinner specimen, the effect of initial void volume is very weak. As the increase of strain hardening capacity and yield strength, the decreasing degree of the fracture toughness becomes higher in the increasing process of the constraint. A higher initial void volume will result in a lower decreasing degree of the fracture toughness. All of the results indicate that the strain hardening capacity is the main factor affecting the constraint and the fracture toughness. The initial void volume also has a significant effect on the fracture toughness. For the relationship between the constraint and the fracture toughness, the main affecting factor is the strain hardening capacity.