bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of leukemia‐like phenotypes in Drosophila mxc mutant larvae due to activation of the RAS‐MAP kinase cascade possibly via down‐regulation of DE‐cadherin
Authors: Kurihara Masanori , Takarada Kazuki , Inoue Yoshihiro H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLoss of mxc gene function in mature hemocytes of Drosophila mxcmbn1 mutant results in malignant hyperplasia in larval hematopoietic tissues termed lymph glands (LGs) owing to over‐proliferation of immature cells. This is a useful model for genetic analyses of leukemia progression. To identify other mutations that deteriorate the hyperplasia, we aimed to investigate whether hyper‐activation of common signaling cascade enabled to enhance the phenotypes. Ectopic expression of the constitutively active forms of MAPK signaling factors in the mutant increased the hyperplasia and the number of circulating hemocytes, resulting in the production of LG fragments. The LG phenotype was related to the reduced DE‐cadherin level in the mutants. Depletion of Drosophila MCRIP, involved in MAPK‐induced silencing of cadherin gene expression, exhibited a similar enhancement of the mxcmbn1 phenotypes. Furthermore, expression of MMP1 proteinase that cleaves the extracellular matrix proteins increased in the mutant larvae harboring MAPK cascade activation. Depletion of Mmp1 and that of pnt (required for Mmp1 expression) suppressed the LG hyperplasia. Hence, we speculated that reduction in DE‐cadherin level by either down‐regulation of MCRIP or up‐regulation of MMP1 was involved in the progression of the tumor phenotype. Our findings can contribute to understanding the mechanism underlying human leukemia progression.
Real‐world data demonstrate improved bleed control and extended dosing intervals for patients with haemophilia B after switching to recombinant factor IX Fc fusion protein (rFIXFc) for up to 5 years
Authors: Shapiro Amy , Chaudhury Ateefa , Wang Michael , Escobar Miguel , Tsao Elisa , Barnowski Christopher , Feng Jing , Jain Nisha , Quon Doris V. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionIn clinical trials, recombinant factor IX fusion protein (rFIXFc) has demonstrated safety, efficacy and prolonged activity with extended dosing intervals for treatment of haemophilia B.AimTo assess the real‐world clinical utility of rFIXFc in a variable patient population and routine clinical practice.MethodsA multicentre, retrospective chart review was conducted of patients with haemophilia B who had received rFIXFc prophylaxis or on‐demand treatment for ≥6 months across six sites in the United States.ResultsSixty‐four eligible patients were identified who had a median (range) duration on rFIXFc of 2.7 (0.5‐5.0) years. Of 32 patients on rFIXFc prophylaxis who switched from prophylaxis with another factor treatment (ie pre‐rFIXFc) and had a known pre‐rFIXFc dosing interval, the initial dosing interval was lengthened for 26 (81%) patients and maintained for the remaining 6 (19%) patients. Most (n = 48 [91%]) patients who received rFIXFc prophylaxis from the beginning to the end of the chart review period (n = 53) maintained or lengthened the dosing interval from first through last dose of rFIXFc. For patients receiving rFIXFc prophylaxis, there was an approximate 50% reduction in weekly factor consumption compared with pre‐rFIXFc prophylaxis. Overall annualized bleed rates, annualized spontaneous bleed rates and annualized joint bleed rates decreased after switching to rFIXFc prophylaxis (n = 24 with bleed data). Compliance to recommended treatment improved or remained stable in most patients with available data (30/31).ConclusionRecombinant factor IX fusion protein prophylaxis improved bleed control, reduced overall consumption, reduced frequency of infusion and improved compliance for patients with haemophilia B in a real‐world setting.
Associations of marijuana with markers of chronic lung disease in people living with HIV
Authors: Wenger DS , Triplette M , Shahrir S , Akgun KM , Wongtrakool C , Brown ST , Kim JW , Soo Hoo GW , Rodriguez‐Barradas MC , Huang L , Feemster LC , Zifodya J , Crothers K 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesThe relationship between marijuana use and markers of chronic lung disease in people living with HIV (PLWH) is poorly understood.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional analysis of the Examinations of HIV‐Associated Lung Emphysema (EXHALE) study, including 162 HIV‐positive patients and 138 participants without HIV. We modelled marijuana exposure as: (i) current daily or weekly marijuana smoking vs. monthly or less often; or (ii) cumulative marijuana smoking (joint‐years). Linear and logistic regression estimated associations between marijuana exposure and markers of lung disease, adjusted for tobacco smoking and other factors.ResultsIn PLWH, current daily or weekly marijuana use was associated with a larger forced vital capacity (FVC), larger total lung capacity and increased odds of radiographic emphysema compared with marijuana non‐smokers in adjusted models; these associations were not statistically significant in participants without HIV. Marijuana joint‐years were associated with higher forced expiratory volume in 1 s and FVC in PLWH but not with emphysema.ConclusionsIn PLWH, marijuana smoking was associated with higher lung volumes and potentially with radiographic emphysema. No consistently negative associations were observed between marijuana and measures of chronic lung health.
Scientometric analysis of vital pulp therapy studies
Authors: Kodonas K. , Fardi A. , Gogos C. , Economides N. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo present a scientometric analysis of the entire body of scientific publications in the field of vital pulp therapy (VPT) and analyse the research trends and popular topics.MethodologyA comprehensive literature search was conducted in the Web of Science and Scopus databases on 21 August 2020 to identify all articles related to VPT. The publications were reviewed and basic research parameters were collected, including publication year, patterns of authorship, geographical distribution of scientific productions, journals, h‐index, study design and keyword analysis. Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar databases were used for the citation analysis of the ten top cited articles. The data were analysed using VOSviewer and visualized by tables and diagrams.ResultsIn total, 1197 VPT‐associated items were identified from 64 countries in 176 journals. The majority of papers were published in the Journal of Endodontics. The United States of America was the leading country for number of publications, citations, h‐index and collaborations. The distribution of articles based on study design was as follows: basic science (35%), clinical (27%), observational studies (26%) and review publications (12%). The most frequently occurring keywords were pulpotomy, mineral trioxide aggregate, calcium hydroxide and direct pulp capping.ConclusionsThis scientometric analysis outlines the evolutionary trends and the productivity of researchers and countries in the field of vital pulp therapy. Research output is dominated by basic science articles involving innovative materials published in high impact factor dental journals.
A macroscopic and histological analysis of radiographically well‐defined deep and extremely deep carious lesions: carious lesion characteristics as indicators of the level of bacterial penetration and pulp response
Authors: Demant S. , Dabelsteen S. , Bjørndal L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the relationship between radiographically and macroscopically well‐defined carious lesions and the dentine–pulp complex with regard to: (i) level of bacterial penetration; (ii) inflammatory status including the presence of hyperplastic pulp stroma; and (iii) formation of hard and/or ectopic connective tissue.MethodologyThe material comprised 68 untreated cavitated permanent teeth divided into well‐defined radiographic categories based on the lesion penetration depth: (i) deep lesions ( ≥3/4 of the dentine thickness with a radio‐dense zone separating the lesion from the pulp) and (ii) extremely deep lesions (the carious lesion penetrated the entire thickness of the dentine, without a radio‐dense zone). After extraction, the teeth were processed for histology. The material was scored with regard to coronal breakdown, macroscopic variables describing caries activity and histological variables describing the dentine–pulp complex (bacteria, inflammatory infiltrate, partial pulp necrosis, hyperplastic changes and hard tissue/ectopic presence of connective tissue). Interrater agreement was assessed using Cohen’s kappa. Associations between variables were assessed using Pearson’s chi‐squared or Fisher’s exact test. The effect size was reported by odds ratio (OR) and associated 95% confidence interval (CI). Level of significance was set to 5%.ResultsThere were significant associations between a closed environment (1–2 surfaces involved) and the presence of biofilm, retrograde demineralization and light‐coloured demineralized dentine. Whereas radiographically defined deep lesions tended to have bacteria only in the primary dentine (P < 0.001, OR = 20.55, 95% CI [4.44, 107.89]), extremely deep carious lesions tended to have bacteria in contact with the pulpal tissue (P = 0.007, OR = 6.84, 95% CI [2.00, 62.83]), presence of an inflammatory infiltrate (Fisher’s exact; P < 0.001) and partial pulp necrosis. Hyperplastic pulps were seen only in extremely deep lesions.ConclusionsUnlike deep lesions, extremely deep carious lesions were often associated with severe pulp inflammation and infection. A radiographic threshold between deep and extremely deep lesions is suggested as indicator of the bacterial penetration level and the severity of the pulpal response prior to intervention.
Properties of extruded corn snacks with common flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and golden flax (Linum flavum L.) pomace
Authors: Tomaszewska‐Ciosk Ewa , Zdybel Ewa 
Published: October 2020

SummaryAn attempt was undertaken in this study to produce extruded snacks based on maize semolina with the addition of pomace from common flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and golden flax (Linum flavum L.). Study results showed that increasing pomace content in the extrudates made their expansion ratio and colour lightness to decrease, and their mechanical properties to increase. The analysis of all sensory attributes demonstrated that the panellists did not notice any statistically significant differences between the snacks without pomace addition and those with 5% flax pomace. Flax pomace addition in the amount exceeding 10% made the product unacceptable by the panellists. No statistically significant difference was observed in most of the evaluated traits between the snacks containing of pomace from common flax and golden flax, except for the colour.
Enrichment of white flour with spices positively impacts safety and consumer acceptance of bread
Authors: Issaoui Manel , Nesrine Mahfoudhi , Flamini Guido , Delgado Amélia 
Published: October 2020

SummaryAiming at increasing the nutritional value and sensory quality of bread, we assessed the enrichment of white flour with different levels of powdered cinnamon and pomegranate peel, through rheological, nutritional, aromatic, textural and sensory analyses. These extra ingredients were chosen for their richness in bioactive compounds, and they differently affected bread quality. In relation to raw flour, introduced ingredients slightly decreased moisture and protein content, while increasing ash, fibre and radical scavenging activity, which can be attributed to the sharing of aromatic compounds by cinnamon and pomegranate peel during the bread making process. When cinnamon was incorporated at 1%, the content of all furan derivatives was reduced up to 1/4 of initial value, 2‐pentyl furan totally disappeared, and furfuryl alcohol was reduced to 2.1%. Despite enriched bread’s texture was slightly worse, it was still acceptable in sensory tests, as 150 interviewed naive consumers preferred the new product over the control.
Obstructive sleep apnoea and adherence to continuous positive airway therapy among Australian women
Authors: Heraganahally Subash S. , Zaw Kyi K. , Tip Sai , Jing Xinlin , Mingi Joy J. , Howarth Timothy , Roy Anil , Falhammar Henrik , Sajkov Dimitar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundClinical characteristics of women with different obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) severity and adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy have not been previously explored.AimsTo assess OSA prevalence, predictors, clinical and polysomnographic (PSG) characteristics and adherence to CPAP therapy among adult Australian women in a retrospective study.MethodsAll female patients who underwent a diagnostic PSG between 2014 and 2015 were included. CPAP adherence was assessed during the study period between 2018 and 2019 using multiple regression models.ResultsAmong a total of 591 women included in this study (Aboriginal, n = 86), OSA was diagnosed in 458/591 (78%) patients; mild, moderate and severe OSA was present in 44%, 27% and 29% respectively. Older age, higher BMI and hypertension predicted the presence and severity of OSA. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score was not significantly different with (8 (5, 12)) or without (10 (5, 13)) OSA. PSG showed the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep‐associated apnoea−hypopnea index (AHI) was higher with all severity of OSA. Adherence to CPAP therapy was noted in 171 (57%) patients; 47% mild, 57% moderate and 63% with severe OSA respectively. Three multiple regression models (clinical, PSG parameters, OSA severity, combined (clinical and PSG)) showed the combined model had the strongest predictive value and demonstrated that higher ESS and more severe oxygen desaturation were associated with CPAP adherence irrespective of OSA severity.ConclusionsOlder age, higher BMI and the presence of hypertension predicted the presence of OSA. The REM sleep‐related AHI was higher. Adherence to CPAP was associated with symptomatic OSA and severe oxygen desaturation.
Characteristics and outcomes of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients with dialysis‐dependent kidney disease in Australian intensive care units
Authors: Dunlop William A. , Secombe Paul J. , Agostino Jason W. , van Haren Frank M. P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn Australia, 531 people per million population have dialysis‐dependent chronic kidney disease (CKD5D). The incidence is four times higher for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (indigenous) people compared with non‐Indigenous Australians. CKD5D increases the risk of hospitalisation, admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and mortality compared with patients without CKD5D. There is limited literature describing short‐term outcomes of patients with CKD5D who are admitted to the ICU, comparing indigenous and non‐indigenous patients.AimsThis registry‐based retrospective cohort analysis compared demographic and clinical data between indigenous and non‐indigenous patients with CKD5D and tested whether indigenous status predicted short‐term outcomes independently of other contributing factors. Adjusted hospital mortality was the primary outcome measure.MethodsData were from the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society's Centre for Outcome and Resource Evaluation Adult Patient Database. Australian ICU admissions between 2010 and 2017 were included. Data from 173 ICU (2136 beds) include 1 051 697 ICU admissions, of which 23 793 had a pre‐existing diagnosis of CKD5D.ResultsIndigenous patients comprised 11.9% of CKD5D patients in ICU. CKD5D was prevalent among 4.9% of indigenous and 2.9% of non‐indigenous ICU admissions. Indigenous patients were 13.5 years younger, had fewer comorbidities and lower crude mortality despite equivalent calculated mortality risk. After adjusting for age, remoteness and severity of illness, indigenous status did not predict mortality.ConclusionsSocioeconomic disadvantage contributes to earlier development of CKD5D and the overrepresentation in ICU of indigenous people. Mortality is equivalent once correcting for confounders, but addressing inequality requires strengthening preventative care.
Prospective analysis of stroke recognition, stroke risk factors, thrombolysis rates and outcomes in Indigenous Australians from a large rural referral hospital
Authors: Santos Angela Dos , Mohr Katherine , Jude Martin , Simon Neil G. , Parsons Mark , Eades Sandra , Burchill Luke , Davis Stephen , Donnan Geoffrey , Churliov Leonid , Delcourt Candice 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundCardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death and disability in indigenous communities but limited prospective data exist about stroke.AimsTo estimate the difference in stroke recognition, risk factors, treatment rates and outcomes between indigenous and non‐indigenous peoples admitted to the Wagga Wagga Rural Referral Hospital (WWRRH) over a 5‐year period with a suspected acute stroke.MethodsAll suspected strokes presenting to the 33 peripheral hospitals within the Murrumbidgee Local Health District (MLHD) were transferred to the WWRRH and prospectively assessed over a 5‐year period from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2017. Actions at stroke onset, risks factors, stroke type, treatment and outcomes were analysed.ResultsA total of 1843 patients were included. Of these, 45 (2.5%) patients were indigenous. Only 26.6% of indigenous and 34% of non‐indigenous patients knew of the face, arm, speech, time (FAST) acronym. Indigenous patients were younger (mean age 62.0 years vs 74.4 years) and more likely to have diabetes (risk difference (RD) 22.3% (95% CI: 3%, 41.7%)), dyslipidaemia (RD 19.4% (95% CI: 21.%, 36.7%)), and be ever smokers (RD 24.9% (95% CI: 9.5%, 40.3%)). Stroke types were similar except lacunar infarcts were more common (19.2% vs 8.4%). Treatment rates and outcomes were similar between the two groups.ConclusionsIndigenous Australians with stroke are a decade younger and have a higher prevalence of important, modifiable stroke‐risk factors. Delayed presentation to hospital is more common, due in part to stroke symptoms being underrecognised. When admitted to a specialised stroke unit, treatment rates and outcomes are comparable.
Paediatric Oral Health during and after the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Luzzi Valeria , Ierardo Gaetano , Bossù Maurizio , Polimeni Antonella 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundDuring the period of health emergency linked to the current COVID‐19 pandemic, the paediatric dentists’ management of oral health problems in children must have as primary objective the control of the spread of the disease according to specific protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of viral transmission.AimThis paper examines the possible clinical conditions that may require intervention by the paediatric dentist, distinguishing clinical situations that fall into the category of paediatric dental emergencies from conditions of oral pathologies that normally do not represent an emergency. The definition of rigorous and highly effective infection control protocols in the dental settings must therefore be complemented by the development and strengthening of remote communication techniques with the parents, who must be adequately educated on preventive and palliative measures for the management of their children's oral health, with the aim of postponing clinical attendance to when the circumstances become favourable.ConclusionsThe experience gained with these approaches and models of treatment, where remote interaction techniques play a central role, will hone the communication skills of the paediatric dentist and will retain its usefulness even at the end of the current emergency period.
Linked data analysis of learning disability health checks and emergency hospital admissions in the Kent Integrated Dataset
Authors: Cuccu Zara , Bourne Tom , Abi‐Aad Gerrard , Bennett Samantha 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundPeople with learning disabilities have higher rates of admitted patient care than the general population. This study explored emergency hospital admissions during 2018/19 in association with learning disability health check recording in general practice within the Kent Integrated Dataset during 2016/17 to 2018/19.MethodsMultiple logistic regression evaluated the odds of emergency hospital admission by sex, age, deprivation, residence, risk score, long‐term conditions, severe health needs and health check. During 2018/19, one or more emergency hospital admissions were recorded for 10.9% of the 5,759 persons recorded with learning disability.ResultsThere were lower odds of emergency hospital admission in persons having had learning disability health check in the past 3 years even after adjustment.ConclusionsComparison to nationally representative research suggests a consistent finding of benefit from learning disability health check on indicators of unplanned care use, supporting the view that learning disability health checks facilitate the addressing of key health needs.
Restless in the mouse cage—A new genetic model for restless legs syndrome
Authors: Stegmüller Judith 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRestless legs syndrome (RLS) is a movement disorder that is characterized by an uncomfortable sensation in the legs, and the urge to move the legs. Meis1 has previously identified as a risk gene for RLS. This Editorial highlights the study by Lyu and colleagues who developed a novel genetic mouse model heterozygous for Meis1 expression in neurons of the central nervous system. Using behavioral tests, the authors established hyperactivity of the mice, reminiscent of symptoms found in RLS patients. In addition, the authors took a closer look at the iron, dopaminergic, and cholinergic system of these mice.
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