bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrospun nanofibrous polyvinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene membranes for oil–water separation
Authors: Zaidouny Lamiss , Abou‐Daher Mohamad , Tehrani‐Bagha Ali R. , Ghali Kamel , Ghaddar Nesreen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEffective separation of oil from water is of significant importance globally for various applications such as wastewater treatment, oil spill cleanup, and oil purification. Among the numerous approaches for oil removal, membrane separation is considered one of the most promising approaches due to its selectivity and ease of operation. Electrospinning is a promising technique for producing polymeric membranes with tunable structures with interconnected pores, large surface area, and high porosity. In this study, hydrophobic poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) nanofibrous membranes were electrospun and used for this purpose. The effects of various parameters (e.g., polymer concentration, applied voltage, tip to collector distance, and feed rate) were investigated to find the optimum electrospinning conditions. Further, the electrospun membranes were characterized according to average fiber diameter, morphology, average pore size, and wettability to identify the combinations most likely to succeed in oil–water filtration. The physical–chemical properties of the membranes (i.e., thickness, areal density, porosity, average pore size, water/oil contact angle, hydrostatic pressure head, and oil filtration flux) were studied based on standard test methods. The separation efficiency of eight electrospun membranes with various pore sizes and average fiber diameters were tested for diesel/water mixtures. A linear relation was found between the initial oil flux and the average pore size of the membranes. The maximum oil filtration flux of about 224 L/m2/h, achieving over 75% oil recovery in 10 min, was obtained for the electrospun membrane with the average pore size of 4.5 μm. The membranes were successfully used for eight consecutive oil–water separation cycles without noticeable loss of flux.
The psychoanalytic encounter with settler colonialism in Palestine/Israel
Authors: Kemp Martin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe paper explores the relationship between the legacy of Western imperialism and the complicity of the “international community” in the settler colonial project taking place in Palestine/Israel. It analyzes some key aspects of Western discourse that inhibit an appreciation of non‐Zionist perspectives, and which obstruct action to challenge the systemic human rights abuses to which Palestinians are subject. It argues that psychoanalysis, as a discipline and a profession, participates in a wider societal failure, adapting itself to priorities that conflict with its ostensible ethical foundations. Recent years have seen a strengthening of the worldwide movement in support of Palestinian rights in general, and the growth of activism within the mental health community in particular. The exchanges between activists and mainstream professional organizations are here interrogated to identify key points of contention. The paper considers the impact of the settler colonial enterprise on Israeli society as a whole, and on the politics of Israeli psychoanalysis, to support the argument that neutrality is not an option for the international mental health community. It concludes that principled engagement initiatives are necessary to meet mental health workers' professional responsibilities to do no harm, and to contribute to the future health of the relationship between Palestinian and Jewish Israeli societies.
Targeting Gamma‐Related Pathophysiology in Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Transcranial Electrical Stimulation: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Kayarian Fae B. , Jannati Ali , Rotenberg Alexander , Santarnecchi Emiliano 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA range of scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities correlates with the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Among these are alterations of brain oscillations in the gamma‐frequency EEG band in adults and children with ASD, whose origin has been linked to dysfunctions of inhibitory interneuron signaling. While therapeutic interventions aimed to modulate gamma oscillations are being tested for neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and frontotemporal dementia, the prospects for therapeutic gamma modulation in ASD have not been extensively studied. Accordingly, we discuss gamma‐related alterations in the setting of ASD pathophysiology, as well as potential interventions that can enhance gamma oscillations in patients with ASD. Ultimately, we argue that transcranial electrical stimulation modalities capable of entraining gamma oscillations, and thereby potentially modulating inhibitory interneuron circuitry, are promising methods to study and mitigate gamma alterations in ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1051‐1071. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryBrain functions are mediated by various oscillatory waves of neuronal activity, ranging in amplitude and frequency. In certain neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease, reduced high‐frequency oscillations in the “gamma” band have been observed, and therapeutic interventions to enhance such activity are being explored. Here, we review and comment on evidence of reduced gamma activity in ASD, arguing that modalities used in other disorders may benefit individuals with ASD as well.
Targeted Discovery of Tetrapeptides and Cyclic Polyketide‐Peptide Hybrids from a Fungal Antagonist of Farming Termites
Authors: Schalk Felix , Um Soohyun , Guo Huijuan , Kreuzenbeck Nina B. , Görls Helmar , de Beer Z. Wilhelm , Beemelmanns Christine 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHerein, we report the targeted isolation and characterization of four linear nonribosomally synthesized tetrapeptides (pseudoxylaramide A–D) and two cyclic nonribosomal peptide synthetase‐polyketide synthase‐derived natural products (xylacremolide A and B) from the termite‐associated stowaway fungus Pseudoxylaria sp. X187. The fungal strain was prioritized for further metabolic analysis based on its taxonomical position and morphological and bioassay data. Metabolic data were dereplicated based on high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry data and global molecular networking analysis. The structure of all six new natural products was elucidated based on a combination of 1D and 2D NMR analysis, Marfey's analysis and X‐ray crystallography.
Evaluation of the palatability and biofunctionality of brown rice germinated in red onion solution
Authors: Nakamura Sumiko , Kaneko Kentaro , Mitsui Toshiaki , Ohtsubo Ken'ichi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesBrown rice grains are not considered suitable as table rice despite its high nutritional value. In previous studies, we have shown that red onion solution accelerated rice seed germination. In this study, we investigated the effect of germination in red onion solution on high‐quality brown rice, black rice, and giant embryo rice, examining biofunctional components, physical properties, and palatability after cooking.FindingsGermination in red onion solution increased the antioxidant capacity and γ‐aminobutyric acid content in rice, even when cooked, compared with germination in water. Moreover, the cooked rice after germination in red onion solution was slightly softer and stickier than that germinated in water.ConclusionsWe found that germination of brown rice in red onion solution produced a palatable and biofunctional product. Acceleration of germination by the red onion solution may be due to an increase in phytohormones through stimulation of signal transduction.Significance and noveltyPalatability and biofunctionality were improved by germinating three kinds of brown rice in the red onion solution. The hypothesis for the acceleration of germination by the red onion was proposed that the phytohormone and protein kinase take important roles from the results of proteomic analysis.
The Promotional Effect of Ag in Pd‐Ag/Carbon Nanotube‐Graphene Electrocatalysts for Alcohol and Formic Acid Oxidation Reactions
Authors: Rajesh D. , Mahendiran C. , Suresh C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHerein, we report the fascinating properties of carbon nanotube‐graphene sheet (CNTs‐GS) as a support matrix for embedded palladium and palladium‐silver (Pd−Ag) nanoparticles. The prepared materials were tested towards small molecule electro‐oxidation reactions. The chemical reduction method is used to incorporate Pd−Ag(x) nanoparticles (xwt %=0, 5, 10, 15, 20) on CNTs‐GS surface. The Pd−Ag(x)/CNTs‐GS electro catalysts were characterized by various physicochemical analysis. The catalytic performances of Pd−Ag(x)/CNTs‐GS electrocatalysts were tested towards electrochemical oxidation of alcohols and formic acid. The electrochemical results illustrated that the activity was increased by the addition of Ag on Pd/CNTs‐GS electrocatalyst. The Pd−Ag(10)/CNTs‐GS materials showed excellent performance towards, ethanol, methanol and formic acid oxidations (128.23,72.26 and 101.02 mA cm−2) when compared with Pd/CNTs‐GS (53.54,33.40 and 45.63 mA cm−2) and Pd/C (25.86, 16.93 and 17.32 mA cm−2) respectively. The Pd−Ag(10)/CNTs‐GS catalyst showed high stability and resistance to CO poisoning during the oxidation process due to the fact that Ag is an attractive co catalyst and high synergistic interaction existed between silver and palladium. Therefore, the combination of palladium with Ag nanoparticles can be a more favorable for ethanol, methanol and formic acid fuel cell systems.
Cancer diagnostic profile in children with structural birth defects: An assessment in 15,000 childhood cancer cases
Authors: Schraw Jeremy M. , Desrosiers Tania A. , Nembhard Wendy N. , Langlois Peter H. , Meyer Robert E. , Canfield Mark A. , Rasmussen Sonja A. , Chambers Tiffany M. , Spector Logan G. , Plon Sharon E. , Lupo Philip J. 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundBirth defects are established risk factors for childhood cancer. Nonetheless, cancer epidemiology in children with birth defects is not well characterized.MethodsUsing data from population‐based registries in 4 US states, this study compared children with cancer but no birth defects (n = 13,111) with children with cancer and 1 or more nonsyndromic birth defects (n = 1616). The objective was to evaluate cancer diagnostic characteristics, including tumor type, age at diagnosis, and stage at diagnosis.ResultsCompared with the general population of children with cancer, children with birth defects were diagnosed with more embryonal tumors (26.6% vs 18.7%; q < 0.001), including neuroblastoma (12.5% vs 8.2%; q < 0.001) and hepatoblastoma (5.0% vs 1.3%; q < 0.001), but fewer hematologic malignancies, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (12.4% vs 24.4%; q < 0.001). In age‐stratified analyses, differences in tumor type were evident among children younger than 1 year and children 1 to 4 years old, but they were attenuated among children 5 years of age or older. The age at diagnosis was younger in children with birth defects for most cancers, including leukemia, lymphoma, astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, ependymoma, embryonal tumors, and germ cell tumors (all q < 0.05).ConclusionsThe results indicate possible etiologic heterogeneity in children with birth defects, have implications for future surveillance efforts, and raise the possibility of differential cancer ascertainment in children with birth defects.Lay Summary

Scientific studies suggest that children with birth defects are at increased risk for cancer. However, these studies have not been able to determine whether important tumor characteristics, such as the type of tumor diagnosed, the age at which the tumor is diagnosed, and the degree to which the tumor has spread at the time of diagnosis, are different for children with birth defects and children without birth defects.

This study attempts to answer these important questions. By doing so, it may help scientists and physicians to understand the causes of cancer in children with birth defects and diagnose cancer at earlier stages when it is more treatable.
Bioequivalence Study of 2 Capsule Formulations of Fingolimod 0.5 mg Assessing Both Parent Drug and Active Metabolite in New Zealand Healthy Subjects (Truncated Design)
Authors: Hung Noelyn Anne , Costa Fernando Guillermo , Hung Cheung‐Tak , Rosenberg Mónica Esther 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFingolimod is indicated for the treatment of patients with the relapsing‐remitting form of multiple sclerosis. The primary study objective was to evaluate the bioequivalence of a test formulation, 0.5 mg fingolimod HCl capsule (Lebrina, Asofarma Sociedad Anónima Industrial y Comercial, Argentina) relative to a reference formulation, 0.5 mg fingolimod capsule (Gilenya, Novartis Pharmaceutical, Australia). In a single‐center, randomized, single‐dose, single‐blinded, 2‐way crossover study, 33 New Zealand healthy subjects of both sexes were enrolled to receive a 0.5‐mg dose of 3 capsules of each fingolimod formulation under fasting conditions, with a 42‐day washout period between administrations. Additional pharmacokinetic information regarding its main active metabolite, fingolimod phosphate, was also provided. The point estimate and 90% confidence intervals of the ratios of maximum concentration and area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 to 72 hours were 99.07 (95.83‐102.41) and 97.64 (95.33‐100.00) for fingolimod, and 95.60 (90.95‐100.49) and 98.54 (96.19‐100.96), for fingolimod phosphate. Primary parameters, maximum concentration and area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 to 72 hours for fingolimod and fingolimod phosphate were found to have no significant difference when test and reference formulations were compared. Fingolimod and fingolimod phosphate of both formulations were within the accepted 90% confidence interval limits of 80.00% and 125.00%. No significant differences between the test and reference drug products were detected in any of the pharmacokinetic parameters estimated. Notwithstanding the primary conclusion of bioequivalence is focused on the measurement of the parent compound, compliance with the same criteria by the active metabolite reinforces the comparability between the pharmacokinetic profiles of both formulations (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03757338).
Epidemiology, pathophysiology and contemporary management of cardiogenic shock – a position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology
Authors: Chioncel Ovidiu , Parissis John , Mebazaa Alexandre , Thiele Holger , Desch Steffen , Bauersachs Johann , Harjola Veli‐Pekka , Antohi Elena‐Laura , Arrigo Mattia , Ben Gal Tuvia , Celutkiene Jelena , Collins Sean P. , DeBacker Daniel , Iliescu Vlad A. , Jankowska Ewa , Jaarsma Tiny , Keramida Kalliopi , Lainscak Mitja , Lund Lars H , Lyon Alexander R. , Masip Josep , Metra Marco , Miro Oscar , Mortara Andrea , Mueller Christian , Mullens Wilfried , Nikolaou Maria , Piepoli Massimo , Price Susana , Rosano Giuseppe , Vieillard‐Baron Antoine , Weinstein Jean M. , Anker Stefan D. , Filippatos Gerasimos , Ruschitzka Frank , Coats Andrew J.S. , Seferovic Petar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCardiogenic shock (CS) is a complex multifactorial clinical syndrome with extremely high mortality, developing as a continuum, and progressing from the initial insult (underlying cause) to the subsequent occurrence of organ failure and death. There is a large spectrum of CS presentations resulting from the interaction between an acute cardiac insult and a patient's underlying cardiac and overall medical condition. Phenotyping patients with CS may have clinical impact on management because classification would support initiation of appropriate therapies. CS management should consider appropriate organization of the health care services, and therapies must be given to the appropriately selected patients, in a timely manner, whilst avoiding iatrogenic harm. Although several consensus‐driven algorithms have been proposed, CS management remains challenging and substantial investments in research and development have not yielded proof of efficacy and safety for most of the therapies tested, and outcome in this condition remains poor. Future studies should consider the identification of the new pathophysiological targets, and high‐quality translational research should facilitate incorporation of more targeted interventions in clinical research protocols, aimed to improve individual patient outcomes. Designing outcome clinical trials in CS remains particularly challenging in this critical and very costly scenario in cardiology, but information from these trials is imperiously needed to better inform the guidelines and clinical practice.
The goal of this review is to summarize the current knowledge concerning the definition, epidemiology, underlying causes, pathophysiology and management of CS based on important lessons from clinical trials and registries, with a focus on improving in‐hospital management.
Physicochemical properties of SARS‐CoV‐2 for drug targeting, virus inactivation and attenuation, vaccine formulation and quality control
Authors: Scheller Christin , Krebs Finja , Minkner Robert , Astner Isabel , Gil‐Moles Maria , Wätzig Hermann 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe material properties of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and its proteins are discussed. We review the viral structure, size, rigidity, lipophilicity, isoelectric point, buoyant density and centrifugation conditions, stability against pH, temperature, UV light, gamma radiation, and susceptibility to various chemical agents including solvents and detergents. Possible inactivation, downstream, and formulation conditions are given including suitable buffers and some first ideas for quality‐control methods. This information supports vaccine development and discussion with competent authorities during vaccine approval and is certainly related to drug‐targeting strategies and hygienics. Several instructive tables are given, including the pI and grand average of hydropathicity (GRAVY) of SARS‐CoV‐1 and ‐2 proteins in comparison. SARS‐CoV‐1 and SARS‐CoV‐2 are similar in many regards, so information can often be derived. Both are unusually stable, but sensitive at their lipophilic membranes. However, since seemingly small differences can have strong effects, for example, on immunologically relevant epitope settings, unevaluated knowledge transfer from SARS‐CoV‐1 to SARS‐CoV‐2 cannot be advised. Published knowledge regarding downstream processes, formulations and quality assuring methods is, as yet, limited. However, standard approaches employed for other viruses and vaccines seem to be feasible including virus inactivation, centrifugation conditions, and the use of adjuvants.
Development of sorghum‐based shortbread biscuits from “muskwari” flour
Authors: Djoulde Darman Roger , Sidoine Matsowa Bouopda , Lendzemo Venassius Wirnkar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn order to produce biscuits from off‐season sorghum, a local “Muskwari” sorghum was milled and sieved. This flour was used to produce shortbread biscuits with different substitutions rates of wheat flour to that of sorghum. The standard formulation of this same type of shortbread biscuits was used and biscuits were produced with incorporation rates of wheat flour to that of sorghum, from 0% to 100%, with a gap of 10 between two consecutives percentages. The technological characterization of the sorghum flour produced indicates a good water absorption capacity, and interesting solubility index and swelling rate. Technological aspect indicated that by changing speed and kneading time, resting the dough, it is possible to produce 100% sorghum flour shortbread biscuits. Shortbread biscuits made from 70% of wheat flour incorporation had the best average scores for overall preference criteria (6.97 ± 1.30), color (7.1 ± 1.45), and texture (6.62 ± 1.54). For smell and taste criteria, the 40% biscuits and the witness received the highest average scores, respectively, namely 6.77 ± 1.55 for smell and 7.12 ± 1.29 for taste. Analysis of the nutritional and energy intake of the control biscuit and the 70% substitution revealed that between the two, the latter had a significantly higher intake of total carbohydrates (58.51 g), dietary fiber (2.15 g), and total energy (454.1 kcal
Predicting individual improvement in schizophrenia symptom severity at 1‐year follow‐up: Comparison of connectomic, structural, and clinical predictors
Authors: Kottaram Akhil , Johnston Leigh A. , Tian Ye , Ganella Eleni P. , Laskaris Liliana , Cocchi Luca , McGorry Patrick , Pantelis Christos , Kotagiri Ramamohanarao , Cropley Vanessa , Zalesky Andrew 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn a machine learning setting, this study aims to compare the prognostic utility of connectomic, brain structural, and clinical/demographic predictors of individual change in symptom severity in individuals with schizophrenia. Symptom severity at baseline and 1‐year follow‐up was assessed in 30 individuals with a schizophrenia‐spectrum disorder using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Structural and functional neuroimaging was acquired in all individuals at baseline. Machine learning classifiers were trained to predict whether individuals improved or worsened with respect to positive, negative, and overall symptom severity. Classifiers were trained using various combinations of predictors, including regional cortical thickness and gray matter volume, static and dynamic resting‐state connectivity, and/or baseline clinical and demographic variables. Relative change in overall symptom severity between baseline and 1‐year follow‐up varied markedly among individuals (interquartile range: 55%). Dynamic resting‐state connectivity measured within the default‐mode network was the most accurate single predictor of change in positive (accuracy: 87%), negative (83%), and overall symptom severity (77%) at follow‐up. Incorporating predictors based on regional cortical thickness, gray matter volume, and baseline clinical variables did not markedly improve prediction accuracy and the prognostic utility of these predictors in isolation was moderate (<70%). Worsening negative symptoms at 1‐year follow‐up were predicted by hyper‐connectivity and hypo‐dynamism within the default‐mode network at baseline assessment, while hypo‐connectivity and hyper‐dynamism predicted worsening positive symptoms. Given the modest sample size investigated, we recommend giving precedence to the relative ranking of the predictors investigated in this study, rather than the prediction accuracy estimates.