bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioural and neurogenomic responses of host workers to social parasite invasion in a social insect
Authors: Cini A. , Branconi R. , Patalano S. , Cervo R. , Sumner S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe strong coevolutionary arms race between social parasites and their hosts has dramatically shaped the life-history traits of both parties. One of the main strategies exhibited by hosts in response to parasitism is reproduction by host workers. We lack a mechanistic understanding of how these defence strategies unfold and, specifically, whether hosts exhibit more subtle strategies to reduce the costs of parasitism from the outset. Here we test the hypothesis that there are both behavioural and neurogenomic signatures of worker responses to parasitism, prior to overt expression in the form of egg-laying; we test this using the social parasite—social host system of the paper waspsPolistes sulcifer-Polistes dominula.We characterized individual workers’ position within the social interaction network of queenright and host colonies immediately after parasite usurpation, weeks before the workers’ reproductive rebellion is evident. Parasitism influenced network centrality measures, with workers in parasitized colonies showing increased connectedness and centrality compared to those in unparasitized ones. Next, we quantified brain gene expression levels for five genes related to physiological and behavioural phenotypes inPolisteswasps. The gene Imaginal disc growth factor (Idgf4), thought to be responsive to changes in the social environment, was significantly down-regulated in workers from parasitized colonies; this may be an indication that parasitized workers are anticipating a shift toward a less worker-like phenotype in preparation for their reproductive rebellion. Our results provide the first evidence of early behavioural and neurogenomic responses of host workers toward the presence of an inquiline social parasite in a social insect.
Prevention and management of COVID-19 among patients with diabetes: an appraisal of the literature
Authors: Katulanda Prasad , Dissanayake Harsha A. , Ranathunga Ishara , Ratnasamy Vithiya , Wijewickrama Piyumi S. A. , Yogendranathan Nilukshana , Gamage Kavinga K. K. , de Silva Nipun L. , Sumanatilleke Manilka , Somasundaram Noel P. , Matthews David R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has emerged as one of the greatest challenges faced by humankind in the recent past. People with diabetes and related comorbidities are at increased risk of its complications and of COVID-19-related death. Older age, multi-morbidity, hyperglycaemia, cardiac injury and severe inflammatory response are predictors of poor outcome. The complex interplay between COVID-19, diabetes and the effects of related therapies is being explored. Most patients experience a mild illness with COVID-19, while people with diabetes are at increased risk of severe disease. Optimising glycaemic control and adopting measures to prevent disease spread are critical aspects. The management of mild disease is supportive, while very many immunomodulatory and antiviral therapies are being investigated for the treatment of severe disease. Several of these agents have specific considerations for use in people with diabetes. Since mass population lockdowns are considered a key step in controlling disease spread, it follows that, in addition to the direct vulnerability to severe COVID-19, people with diabetes can be affected by limited access to healthcare, insulin, other medications and blood glucose monitoring equipment. Measures to prevent disease spread at the individual and community level are the key to mitigating the rapidly escalating pandemic, while agents for chemoprophylaxis and vaccines are being explored. People with diabetes should be recognised as a vulnerable group for complicated disease and are at risk during times of disturbed social systems. Strategies are needed to safeguard the health of patients with diabetes during the pandemic. This review summarises the current knowledge and perceived challenges for prevention and management of COVID-19 in people with diabetes.
Aerodynamic-driven topology optimization of compliant airfoils
Authors: Gomes Pedro , Palacios Rafael 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A strategy for density-based topology optimization of fluid-structure interaction problems is proposed that deals with some shortcomings associated to non stiffness-based design. The goal is to improve the passive aerodynamic shape adaptation of highly compliant airfoils at multiple operating points. A two-step solution process is proposed that decouples global aeroelastic performance goals from the search of a solid-void topology on the structure. In the first step, a reference fully coupled fluid-structure problem is solved without explicitly penalizing non-discreteness in the resulting topology. A regularization step is then performed that solves an inverse design problem, akin to those in compliant mechanism design, which produces a discrete-topology structure with the same response to the fluid loads. Simulations are carried out with the multi-physics suite SU2, which includes Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes modeling of the fluid and hyper-elastic material behavior of the geometrically nonlinear structure. Gradient-based optimization is used with the exterior penalty method and a large-scale quasi-Newton unconstrained optimizer. Coupled aerostructural sensitivities are obtained via an algorithmic differentiation based coupled discrete adjoint solver. Numerical examples on a compliant aerofoil with performance objectives at two Mach numbers are presented.
Industrial life cycle: relevance of national markets in the development of new industries for energy technologies – the case of wind energy
Authors: O’Sullivan Marlene 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAbout 20 years ago Klepper (1997) has shown that the life cycle theory, initially introduced for products, can also be applied to the development of industries. The industries that were examined to establish this theory were marked by relatively stable market conditions that are typically driven by innovation. However, research on the transition of the energy system has shown that markets for new energy technologies are driven by political support. As yet an analysis of the industry life cycle of an industry which has developed under politically driven market conditions has not been conducted. Therefore this paper examines the development of the global wind energy industry and the relevance of national markets in a globalized world. The study is founded on a large empirical database. A comparative analysis of various international and national developments was conducted using descriptive statistical methods. The findings show that the global development derives from the sum of individual national developments. It reveals a strong influence of national markets on the development of their respective wind energy industry. Therefore these findings provide relevant insides for the political debate on market support mechanisms in wind energy.
E-vapor aerosols do not compromise bone integrity relative to cigarette smoke after 6-month inhalation in an ApoE–/– mouse model
Authors: Reumann Marie K. , Schaefer Jenny , Titz Bjoern , Aspera-Werz Romina H. , Wong Ee Tsin , Szostak Justyna , Häussling Victor , Ehnert Sabrina , Leroy Patrice , Tan Wei Teck , Kuczaj Arkadiusz , Audretsch Christof , Springer Fabian , Badke Andreas , Augat Peter , Quentanilla-Fend Leticia , Martella Manuela , Lee K. Monica , Peitsch Manuel C. , Hoeng Julia , Nussler Andreas K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCigarette smoke (CS) exposure is one of the leading risk factors for human health. Nicotine-containing inhalable products, such as e-cigarettes, can effectively support tobacco harm reduction approaches. However, there are limited comparative data on the effects of the aerosols generated from electronic vapor products (e-vapor) and CS on bone. Here, we report the effects of e-vapor aerosols and CS on bone morphology, structure, and strength in a 6-month inhalation study. Eight-week-old ApoE–/– mice were exposed to aerosols from three different e-vapor formulations—CARRIER (propylene glycol and vegetable glycerol), BASE (CARRIER and nicotine), TEST (BASE and flavor)—to CS from 3R4F reference cigarettes at matched nicotine concentrations (35 µg/L) or to fresh air (Sham) (N = 10 per group). Tibiae were analyzed for bone morphology by µCT imaging, biomechanics by three-point bending, and by histological analysis. CS inhalation caused a significant decrease in cortical and total bone volume fraction and bone density relative to e-vapor aerosols. Additionally, CS exposure caused a decrease in ultimate load and stiffness. In contrast, bone structural and biomechanical parameters were not significantly affected by e-vapor aerosol or Sham exposure. At the dissection time point, there was no significant difference in body weight or tibia bone weight or length among the groups. Histological findings revealed microcracks in cortical bone areas among all exposed groups compared to Sham control. In conclusion, because of the bone-preserving effect of e-vapor aerosols relative to CS exposure, e-vapor products could potentially constitute less harmful alternatives to cigarettes in situations in which bone health is of importance.
Moduli spaces of twisted K3 surfaces and cubic fourfolds
Authors: Brakkee Emma 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMotivated by the relation between (twisted) K3 surfaces and special cubic fourfolds, we construct moduli spaces of polarized twisted K3 surfaces of any fixed degree and order. We do this by mimicking the construction of the moduli space of untwisted polarized K3 surfaces as a quotient of a bounded symmetric domain.
Further inquiry into the interaction between the winter North Pacific storm track and the East Asian trough
Authors: Yang Minghao , Li Chongyin , Tan Yanke , Li Xin , Chen Xiong , Yu Peilong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBased on the daily ERA-Interim reanalysis, interactions between the winter North Pacific storm track (WNPST) and the East Asian trough (EAT) on the interannual scale are further explored from the perspective of energy conversion and the simplified quasi-geostrophic potential vorticity equation. There is a prominent out-of-phase relationship between the EAT and WNPST on the interannual scale. It is baroclinic energy conversion rather than barotropic energy conversion that is the main physical process that the EAT affects the WNPST. When the EAT is intensified, the energy conversion from mean available potential energy to eddy available potential energy decreases; further, the energy conversion from eddy available potential energy to eddy kinetic energy is attenuated, which leads directly to remarkable weakening in the strength of the WNPST in its peak area and the region west of the date line. In addition, when the WNPST is enhanced, the WNPST dynamic forcing contributes to lowering the geopotential height near the EAT and thus profits to recover the strength of the EAT, while the thermal forcing of WNPST is opposite. However, their joint effect is still to strengthen the EAT, indicating that the impact of WNPST dynamic forcing on the EAT is stronger than that of thermal forcing. The interaction between the WNPST and EAT may be a way for the WNPST to maintain itself.
Advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) management: an expert panel recommendation from the Latin American Cooperative Oncology Group (LACOG) and the Latin American Renal Cancer Group (LARCG)
Authors: Soares Andrey , Monteiro Fernando Sabino Marques , Maluf Fernando Cotait , Bastos Diogo Assed , Jardim Denis Leonardo , Sasse André Deeke , Gonçalves e Silva Adriano , Fay André P. , da Rosa Diogo Augusto Rodrigues , Wierman Evanius , Kater Fabio , Schutz Fabio A. , de Oliveira Fernando Nunes Galvão , Morbeck Igor Alexandre Protzner , Rinck José Augusto , da Trindade Karine Martins , Maia Manuel Caitano , Souza Vinicius Carrera , da Silva Neto Deusdedit Cortez Vieira , de Almeida e Paula Felipe , Korkes Fernando , Carvalhal Gustavo Franco , Nogueira Lucas , de Carvalho Fernandes Roni , dos Reis Rodolfo Borges , Matheus Wagner Eduardo , Busato Wilson Francisco Schreiner , da Costa Walter Henriques , de Cássio Zequi Stênio 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The outcome of RCC has improved considerably in the last few years, and the treatment options have increased. LACOG-GU and LARCG held a consensus meeting to develop guidelines to support the clinical decisions of physicians and other health professionals involved in the care of RCC patients.

Methods
Eighty questions addressing relevant advanced RCC treatments were previously formulated by a panel of experts. The voting panel comprised 26 specialists from the LACOG-GU/LARCG. Consensus was determined as 75% agreement. For questions with less than 75% agreement, a new discussion was held, and consensus was determined by the majority of votes after the second voting session.

Results
The recommendations were based on the highest level of scientific evidence or by the opinion of the RCC experts when no relevant research data were available.

Conclusion
This manuscript provides guidance for advanced RCC treatment according to the LACOG-GU/LARCG expert recommendations.
Reproduktive Autonomie oder verantwortliche Elternschaft? Kontrastierende ethische Begründungen des genetischen Anlageträger*innen-Screenings
Authors: Wehling Peter , Perera Beatrice , Schüssler Sabrina 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Artikel beschäftigt sich mit der aktuellen internationalen ethischen Diskussion um eine „verantwortliche Implementierung“ des erweiterten Anlageträger*innen-Screenings in öffentliche Gesundheitssysteme. Erweitertes Anlageträger*innen-Screening, ein genetisches Testverfahren, das Paare mit Kinderwunsch informieren soll, ob beide Partner*innen eine genetische Anlage für die gleiche rezessiv vererbte gesundheitliche Beeinträchtigung tragen, ist 2010 von kommerziellen Labors in den USA auf den Markt gebracht worden. Seit etwa 2015 wird international über eine Einführung in die öffentlich finanzierten Gesundheitssysteme debattiert. Dabei ist zunächst die Steigerung der „reproduktiven Autonomie“ von Paaren, und nicht die Prävention von rezessiven Erkrankungen, als ethisch begründetes Ziel einer Implementierung formuliert worden. Diese Zielsetzung ist 2019 von drei prominenten niederländischen Ethiker*innen als unreflektiert kritisiert worden; sie schlagen stattdessen die ethische Leitorientierung der „verantwortlichen Elternschaft“ vor. Dieser zufolge sind autonome reproduktive Entscheidungen von Paaren oder Frauen nur dann moralisch akzeptabel, wenn das Screening erst während einer Schwangerschaft vorgenommen wird. Vor einer Schwangerschaft bestehe bei den „schlimmsten“ rezessiven Erkrankungen für die künftigen Eltern jedoch eine moralische Pflicht zur Prävention. Im vorliegenden Artikel werden diese kontrastierenden ethischen Begründungen von Anlageträger*innen-Screening kritisch analysiert: Zwar weist auch das Ziel der reproduktiven Autonomie problematische Aspekte auf, das Modell der „verantwortlichen Elternschaft“ ist jedoch deutlich fragwürdiger, weil es (unter anderem) die Freiwilligkeit der Test-Teilnahme in Frage stellt, für direktive genetische Beratung plädiert, die reproduktive Selbstbestimmung von Frauen und Paaren einschränkt und historisch belastete Begrifflichkeiten (Krankheiten, die „schlimmer als die Nicht-Existenz“ seien) in die Debatte einführt.
Functional outcome, in-hospital healthcare consumption and in-hospital costs for hospitalised traumatic brain injury patients: a Dutch prospective multicentre study
Authors: van Dijck Jeroen T. J. M. , Mostert Cassidy Q. B. , Greeven Alexander P. A. , Kompanje Erwin J. O. , Peul Wilco C. , de Ruiter Godard C. W. , Polinder Suzanne 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The high occurrence and acute and chronic sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI) cause major healthcare and socioeconomic challenges. This study aimed to describe outcome, in-hospital healthcare consumption and in-hospital costs of patients with TBI.

Methods
We used data from hospitalised TBI patients that were included in the prospective observational CENTER-TBI study in three Dutch Level I Trauma Centres from 2015 to 2017. Clinical data was completed with data on in-hospital healthcare consumption and costs. TBI severity was classified using the Glasgow Coma Score (GCS). Patient outcome was measured by in-hospital mortality and Glasgow Outcome Score–Extended (GOSE) at 6 months. In-hospital costs were calculated following the Dutch guidelines for cost calculation.

Results
A total of 486 TBI patients were included. Mean age was 56.1 ± 22.4 years and mean GCS was 12.7 ± 3.8. Six-month mortality (4.2%–66.7%), unfavourable outcome (GOSE ≤ 4) (14.6%–80.4%) and full recovery (GOSE = 8) (32.5%–5.9%) rates varied from patients with mild TBI (GCS13–15) to very severe TBI (GCS3–5). Length of stay (8 ± 13 days) and in-hospital costs (€11,920) were substantial and increased with higher TBI severity, presence of intracranial abnormalities, extracranial injury and surgical intervention. Costs were primarily driven by admission (66%) and surgery (13%).

Conclusion
In-hospital mortality and unfavourable outcome rates were rather high, but many patients also achieved full recovery. Hospitalised TBI patients show substantial in-hospital healthcare consumption and costs, even in patients with mild TBI. Because these costs are likely to be an underestimation of the actual total costs, more research is required to investigate the actual costs-effectiveness of TBI care.
Erfassung von erblichem Dickdarm- und Gebärmutterkrebs
Authors: Wimmer K. , Hulla W. , Zschocke J. , Lax S. F. , Webersinke G. , Zelger B. , Uyanik G. , Kain R. , Speicher M. , Hoefler G. 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Möglichkeit einer Tumorerkrankung auf Basis eines familiären Tumorprädispositionssyndroms muss bei jeder Krebsdiagnose in Betracht gezogen werden. Die Erfassung erkrankter „Index“-PatientInnen ist entscheidend für die Ermittlung des Risikos für Neu- oder Wiedererkrankungen bei den Betroffenen wie auch für das Auftreten von Tumoren bei bisher gesunden Verwandten. Die Erfassung von PatientInnen mit familiärer Tumorprädisposition erlaubt es, Betroffene in Vorsorgeprogramme zur Senkung von Morbidität und Letalität aufzunehmen. Für das erbliche Brust- und Eierstockkrebssyndrom besteht in Österreich ein breites Bewusstsein. Dadurch wird eine zufriedenstellende Erfassung der PatientInnen erreicht. Das ist für das Lynch-Syndrom, welches bei 2–3 % aller Kolorektal- und Endometriumkarzinome vorliegt, leider nicht der Fall. Um die Identifizierung von Lynch-Syndrom-PatientInnen zu verbessern, empfiehlt die Österreichische Arbeitsgemeinschaft Pathologie-Humangenetik (die Österreichische Arbeitsgemeinschaft Pathologie-Humangenetik setzt sich aus jeweils fünf Delegierten der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Klinische Pathologie und Molekularpathologie und der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Humangenetik zusammen) in diesem Konsensus-Statement eine diagnostische Strategie, die möglichst alle Lynch-Syndrom-assoziierten Kolorektal- und Endometriumkarzinome im Rahmen der pathologischen Tumorbeurteilung erfasst. Durch eine darauf basierende systematische Zuweisung von PatientInnen mit Verdacht auf Lynch-Syndrom an ein Zentrum für medizinische Genetik zur genetischen Beratung und weiterführenden genetischen Diagnostik wird sichergestellt, dass auch Familienangehörige mit Lynch-Syndrom erfasst werden.
Above- and Below-ground Cascading Effects of Wild Ungulates in Temperate Forests
Authors: Ramirez J. Ignacio , Jansen Patrick A. , den Ouden Jan , Moktan Laxmi , Herdoiza Natalie , Poorter Lourens 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUngulates have become abundant in many temperate forests, shifting tree species composition by browsing and altering soil physical conditions by trampling. Whether these effects cascade down to other trophic levels and ecosystem processes is poorly understood. Here, we assess the paths through which ungulates have cascading effects on other trophic levels (regeneration, litter, invertebrates, rodents and organic matter decomposition). We compared ungulate effects by comparing 15 response variables related to different trophic levels between paired fenced and unfenced plots in twelve temperate forest sites across the Netherlands, and used pathway analysis model to identify the (in)direct pathways through which ungulates have influenced these variables. We found that plots with ungulates (that is, unfenced) compared to plots without (that is, fenced) had lower litter depth, sapling diversity, sapling density, rodent activity, macro-invertebrate biomass, decomposition rate of tea bags, pine and birch litter and higher soil compaction. These findings were used in a path analysis to establish potential causal relationships, which showed that ungulate presence: decreased sapling density, which indirectly decreased rodent activity; decreased litter depth, which indirectly reduced invertebrate diversity; increased soil compaction, which also decreased invertebrate diversity. Soil pH decreased invertebrate biomass, which also increased nitrogen mineralization. Yet, we did not find cascading effects of ungulates on decomposition rates. Importantly, an increase in ungulate abundance strengthens the cascading effects in this system. Our results suggest that ungulates can trigger cascading effects on lower trophic levels, yet decomposition and mineralization rates are resilient to ungulate browsing and trampling. Therefore, temperate forests conservation could benefit by limiting ungulate abundance.
Cardiovascular autonomic function testing in multiple system atrophy and Parkinson’s disease: an expert-based blinded evaluation
Authors: Leys Fabian , Fanciulli Alessandra , Ndayisaba Jean-Pierre , Granata Roberta , Struhal Walter , Wenning Gregor K. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are sporadic neurodegenerative diseases characterized by an accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein. Cardiovascular autonomic failure develops in both MSA and PD, although studies indicate different sites of autonomic nervous system lesion. However, it is unclear whether this could potentially aid the differential diagnosis of these diseases. Here we determined whether cardiovascular autonomic function testing (CAFT) can discriminate between the parkinsonian variant of MSA (MSA-P) and PD based on either an expert-based blinded evaluation or a systematic comparison of cardiovascular autonomic function indices.

Methods
We included 22 patients aged 55–80 with neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH) who had been diagnosed with either clinically probable MSA-P (n = 11) according to current consensus criteria or clinically definite PD (n = 11) according to the Queen Square criteria. Three physicians with expertise in CAFT were blinded to the neurological diagnosis and were asked to identify the correct neurological diagnosis by applying a self-created evaluation scheme to the CAFT recordings. Afterwards, a systematic comparison of clinical–demographic characteristics and CAFT parameters was carried out.

Results
Neither the raters (overall diagnostic accuracy: 58.46%) nor the evaluation scheme created post hoc (72.73%) showed reliable discriminatory capacity. The inter-rater reliability was slight (κ = 0.01). We observed no statistically significant differences in cardiovascular autonomic indices between PD and MSA-P patients.

Conclusion
CAFT is the gold standard for assessing the presence and severity of cardiovascular autonomic failure, but the results of our pilot study suggest that CAFT might be of limited value in the differential diagnosis between MSA-P and PD once nOH is present.