bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total colonic aganglionosis: multicentre study of surgical treatment and patient-reported outcomes up to adulthood
Authors: Stenström P , Kyrklund K , Bräutigam M , Engstrand Lilja H , Juul Stensrud K , Löf Granström A , Qvist N , Söndergaard Johansson L , Arnbjörnsson E , Borg H , Wester T , Björnland K , Pakarinen M P 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Surgery for total colonic aganglionosis (TCA) is designed to preserve continence and achieve satisfactory quality of life. This study evaluated a comprehensive group of clinical and social outcomes.

Methods
An international multicentre study from eight Nordic hospitals involving examination of case records and a patient-reported questionnaire survey of all patients born with TCA between 1987 and 2006 was undertaken.

Results
Of a total of 116 patients, five (4·3 per cent) had died and 102 were traced. Over a median follow-up of 12 (range 0·3–33) years, bowel continuity was established in 75 (73·5 per cent) at a median age of 11 (0·5–156) months. Mucosectomy with a short muscular cuff and straight ileoanal anastomosis (SIAA) (29 patients) or with a J pouch (JIAA) (26) were the most common reconstructions (55 of 72, 76 per cent). Major early postoperative complications requiring surgical intervention were observed in four (6 per cent) of the 72 patients. In 57 children aged over 4 years, long-term functional bowel symptoms after reconstruction included difficulties in holding back defaecation in 22 (39 per cent), more than one faecal accident per week in nine (16 per cent), increased frequency of defaecation in 51 (89 per cent), and social restrictions due to bowel symptoms in 35 (61 per cent). Enterocolitis occurred in 35 (47 per cent) of 72 patients. Supplementary enteral and/or parenteral nutrition was required by 51 (55 per cent) of 93 patients at any time during follow-up. Of 56 responders aged 2–20 years, true low BMI for age was found in 20 (36 per cent) and 13 (23 per cent) were short for age.

Conclusion
Reconstruction for TCA was associated with persistent bowel symptoms, and enterocolitis remained common. Multidisciplinary follow-up, including continuity of care in adulthood, might improve care standards in patients with TCA.
Villonodular synovitis of the lumbar spine: Case report of a rare pathology
Authors: Gader Ghassen , Belaïd Aymen , Zehani Alia , Daghfous Alifa , Zammel Ihsèn , Badri Mohamed 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLumbar pigmented villonodular synovitis is rarely localized on the lumbar spine. Awareness of pigmented villonodular synovitis is important despite its rarity because it may mimic several other lesions of this location.
Electrosynthesis 2.0 in 1,1,1,3,3,3‐Hexafluoroisopropanol/Amine Mixtures
Authors: Röckl Johannes L. , Dörr Maurice , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe intention of this review is to highlight the innovative electrolyte combination of 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) with tertiary nitrogen bases in electro‐organic synthesis. This easy applicable and promising mixture is not yet well established in electro‐organic synthesis, but expands the various possibilities in the latter. Combinations of fluorinated alcohols with nitrogen bases form highly conductive electrolyte systems, which can be evaporated completely. Consequently, no additional supporting electrolyte is required and work‐up procedures are tremendously simplified. With this electrolyte mixture carbon‐carbon homo‐ and cross‐coupling reactions of arenes and phenols have been established with substrates that have not been previously susceptible to the anodic dehydrogenative coupling reaction. The intermediate installation of highly fluorinated alkoxy moieties can be exploited for subsequent conversions as well as various benzylic functionalization, including asymmetric transformations. These transformations show unique selectivity and functional group tolerance making them highly applicable to the synthesis of sophisticated structural motifs, including natural products.
Multivariate curve resolution of multiway data using the multilinearity constraint
Authors: Tauler Romà 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe extension of Multivariate Curve Resolution‐Alternating Least Squares (MCR‐ALS) to the analysis of multiway data using the multilinearity constraint is described in detail as one step forward of previous implementations of the trilinearity and quadrilinearity constraints for the analysis of three‐ and four‐way data sets, respectively. As in previous cases, the implementation of the multilinear model for multiway data sets is done algorithmically, within the frame of the alternating least squares (ALS) optimization in the MCR‐ALS method. This implementation is tested using multiway data sets of different complexity, and the obtained results have confirmed the adequacy of the proposed approach. Special advantages of the proposed methodology are that it allows for the implementation of the constraint separately for the different components in their different modes and that it also allows for the introduction of different levels of complexity of the multilinear model, including mixed multilinear models. These two features are especially relevant because they are not present in most of the most used multiway data analysis methods at present.
Design and Application of Indole‐Based Allylic Donors for Pd‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylation Reactions†
Authors: Hang Qing‐Qing , Liu Si‐Jia , Yu Lei , Sun Ting‐Ting , Zhang Yu‐Chen , Mei Guang‐Jian , Shi Feng 
Published: July 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionA new class of indole‐based allylic donors have been designed and developed for palladium‐catalyzed decarboxylative allylations. In addition, the first application of these indole‐based allylic donors in palladium‐catalyzed decarboxylative [3+2] cycloaddition and allylic amination has been achieved by reacting with isocyanates and sulfonyl amines, respectively. This approach represents the first design of indole‐based allylic donors, which is helpful for settling the challenge of designing and developing new class of heterocycle‐based allylic donors for Pd‐catalyzed decarboxylative allylation reactions. Moreover, the application of this new class of allylic donors in cycloadditions and substitutions will add new contents to the research field of decarboxylative allylation.
Direct Construction of NOBINsvia Domino Arylation and Sigmatropic Rearrangement Reactions
Authors: Zhang Ji‐Wei , Qi Liang‐Wen , Li Shaoyu , Xiang Shao‐Hua , Tan Bin 
Published: July 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionPrivileged 2‐amino‐2’‐hydroxy‐1,1’‐binaphthyl (NOBIN) frameworks were constructed through a novel domino arylation of naphthylhydroxylamines with diarylhalonium salts and sigmatropic rearrangement in a transition metal‐free fashion. This protocol bears broad substrate generality and proceeds under mild reaction conditions, affording diversified NOBINs in high efficiency with absolute regiocontrol during the rearrangement process. Optically active product was accessible by chiral N‐heterocyclic carbene‐catalyzed kinetic resolution in one pot or diastereoselective [3,3]‐rearrangement guided by a removable chiral auxiliary. Remarkably, diarylchloronium and diarylbrominium salts have been employed as arylation reagents for the first time in assembling such representative biaryl frameworks.
Practical cardiovascular risk calculator for asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: PRECISE‐DM risk score
Authors: Choi Young , Yang Yeoree , Hwang Byung‐Hee , Lee Eun Young , Yoon Kun Ho , Chang Kiyuk , Jaffer Farouc A. , Cho Jae‐Hyoung 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundObstructive coronary artery disease (OCAD) is a significant predictor of adverse clinical events in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).HypothesisWe sought to develop an easy‐to‐use risk scoring system to predict OCAD and long‐term clinical outcome in asymptomatic patients with T2DM (PRECISE‐DM).MethodsA total of 2799 asymptomatic patients with T2DM and no prior coronary disease were consecutively enrolled. OCAD was defined as ≥50% coronary artery stenosis on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). A new risk scoring system was developed in 933 patients undergoing CCTA (derivation cohort) and its performance to predict OCAD and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event (MACCE) was compared with other risk estimates. The scoring system was externally validated in 1899 patients not undergoing CCTA (validation cohort).ResultsThe PRECISE‐DM scoring system was created using seven variables that were associated with increased risk of OCAD, with scores ranging from 0 to 9. The scoring system predicted presence of OCAD with a C‐statistic of 0.680 and risk of MACCE with a C‐statistic of 0.708. The UKPDS risk engine and the Framingham risk score showed unreliable performance in prediction of OCAD (C‐statistics 0.531 and 0.577, respectively). Calcium score was highly predictive for OCAD (C‐statistic 0.825) but showed only modest accuracy in predicting MACCE (C‐statistic 0.675). In the external validation cohort, the PRECISE‐DM score showed acceptable discrimination for prediction of MACCE (C‐statistic 0.707).ConclusionsThe PRECISE‐DM scoring system accurately predicted presence of OCAD and risk of MACCE in asymptomatic patients with T2DM.
Complication rate, functional outcomes, and risk factors associated with carbon ion radiotherapy for patients with unresectable pelvic bone sarcoma
Authors: Takenaka Satoshi , Araki Nobuhito , Outani Hidetatsu , Hamada Ken‐ichiro , Yoshikawa Hideki , Kamada Tadashi , Imai Reiko 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundTo the authors' knowledge, carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) is one of the few curative treatments for unresectable pelvic bone sarcoma. The current study investigated the complications, functional outcomes, and risk factors of CIRT.MethodsOf 112 patients who were treated with CIRT for unresectable pelvic bone sarcoma, the authors enrolled 29 patients who were without local disease recurrence or distant metastasis. The mean follow‐up was 93 months. Complications, functional outcomes, and quality of life scores were assessed. Risk factors were analyzed, including the dose‐volume histogram of the femoral head.ResultsFemoral head necrosis occurred in approximately 37% of patients, pelvic fractures were reported in 48% of patients, and neurological deficits were noted in 52% of patients. Femoral head necrosis was found to be significantly more prevalent among patients with periacetabular tumors (P = .018). The dose‐volume histogram of the femoral head indicated tolerable volume percentages of the femoral head to be <33% for 40 grays (relative biological effectiveness) and 16% for 60 grays ( relative biological effectiveness). The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score and Toronto Extremity Salvage Score were 53% and 64%, respectively, and the mean EuroQol 5 dimensions questionnaire index was 0.587. Patients aged >50 years and those with periacetabular tumors were found to have significantly lower Toronto Extremity Salvage Scores.ConclusionsFemoral head necrosis, pelvic fracture, and nerve damage are common complications with the use of CIRT for pelvic bone sarcoma. To prevent femoral head necrosis, the radiation dose to the femoral head should be kept below the estimated tolerance curve presented in the current study. The functional outcome is nearly equivalent to that of surgery. CIRT may be a promising alternative to surgery for patients with unresectable pelvic bone sarcoma.
Microchiropterans have a diminutive cerebral cortex, not an enlarged cerebellum, compared to megachiropterans and other mammals
Authors: Herculano‐Houzel Suzana , da Cunha Felipe Barros , Reed Jamie L. , Kaswera‐Kyamakya Consolate , Gillissen Emmanuel , Manger Paul R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSmall echolocating bats are set apart from most other mammals by their relatively large cerebellum, a feature that has been associated to echolocation, as it is presumed to indicate a relatively enlarged number of neurons in the cerebellum in comparison to other brain structures. Here we quantify the neuronal composition of the cerebral cortex, cerebellum and remaining brain structures of seven species of large Pteropodid bats (formerly classified as megachiropterans), one of which echolocates, and six species of small bats (formerly classified as microchiropterans), all of which echolocate. This chiropteran data is compared to 60 mammalian species in our dataset to determine whether the relatively large cerebellum of the small echolocating bats, and possibly that of the echolocating Pteropodid, contains a relatively enlarged number of neurons. We find no evidence that the distribution of neurons differs between microchiropterans and megachiropterans, but our data indicate that microchiropterans, like the smallest shrew in our dataset, have diminutive cerebral cortices, which makes the cerebellum appear relatively large. We propose that, in agreement with the diminutive brain size of the earliest fossil mammals, this is a plesiomorphic, not a derived, feature of microchiropteran brains. The results of this study also reveal important neural characteristics related to the phylogenetic affinities and relationships of the chiropterans.
Principal components analysis of the Hesitation Scale: More than just social support seeking
Authors: Gontkovsky Samuel T. , Kreiner David S. , Ryan Joseph J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe seeking of support from others during times of need is a critical strategy for overcoming challenging life events and ameliorating associated stress. The larger percentage of research examining help‐seeking behaviour has been conducted with nonclinical samples, and conclusions remain somewhat unclear due to several limitations, including methodological inconsistencies across studies. The Hesitation Scale (HS) was developed to measure social support seeking in patients with traumatic brain injury but has not undergone thorough psychometric evaluation. The goal of this study primarily was to provide a clearer understanding of the specific aspects of support‐seeking behaviour assessed by the HS, which is fundamental to the identification of factors that can be modified through targeted clinical interventions. A principal components analysis of the HS in an outpatient sample of 89 patients with spinal cord injury revealed that although the HS may provide an overall indication of respondents' attitudes and beliefs regarding social support seeking, the six significant extracted components of the scale appear to assess distinct aspects of support seeking behaviour. Results also suggested that the HS may have clinical utility in evaluating social support seeking in individuals with spinal cord injury.
Combined detection of aneuploid circulating tumor‐derived endothelial cells and circulating tumor cells may improve diagnosis of early stage non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Lei Yuanyuan , Sun Nan , Zhang Guochao , Liu Chengming , Lu Zhiliang , Huang Jianbing , Zhang Chaoqi , Zang Ruochuan , Che Yun , Mao Shuangshuang , Fang Lingling , Wang Xinfeng , Zheng Sufei , He Jie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundMany tumor‐derived endothelial cells (TECs) are shed into the blood and turn into circulating TECs (CTECs). Rare circulating non‐hematologic aneuploid cells contain CTCs and CTECs, which are biologically and functionally different from each other. CD31 is one of the most representative endothelial cell (EC) markers, yet CD31 alone is not sufficient to detect malignant CTECs due to the existence of abundant normal ECs in circulation. Aneuploidy of chromosome 8 (CEP8) is an important criterion for the identification of malignant cells. Combined in situ phenotypic and karyotypic characterization, which includes an examination of both protein expression and aneuploid chromosomes, has demonstrated its unique advantage for both effective distinguishing and comprehensive detection of CTCs and CTECs.MethodsA total of 98 subjects were recruited in the current study, including healthy donors and patients with benign disease and early‐stage non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). SE‐iFISH was performed to quantitatively analyze diverse subtypes of aneuploid CD31+ CTECs and CD31− CTCs classified upon the ploidy of chromosome 8 and tumor marker expression in the specimens collected from the recruited subjects.ResultsCD31− CTCs primarily consist of triploid CTCs with a small cell size (≤5 µm) and large hyperploid CTCs (≥ pentaploid), whereas CD31+ CTECs are mainly comprised of large hyperploid cells. Enumeration of the total numbers of both CTCs and CTECs might help identify malignant nodules with a high sensitivity, whereas quantification of tetraploid CTCs and CTECs specifically exhibited a high specificity for the identification of malignant nodules.ConclusionsCombined detection of the specific subtypes of aneuploid CD31+ CTECs and CD31− CTCs may help to effectively identify malignant nodules with a higher sensitivity and specificity in early stage NSCLC patients.
A comprehensive diagnosis of a desmoplastic small round cell tumor of unusual location based on fine‐needle aspiration cytology: Report of a case arising in the parotid gland and review of the literature
Authors: Lozano María D. , Landa Ana , Tobar Laura G. , De Andrea Carlos , Larrache Javier , Echeveste Jose I. , Paricio Jose J. , Sánchez Beatriz , Medina Andrea , Paisan Ana 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDesmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is rare and a highly aggressive neoplasm that typically involves the soft tissues of the abdomen or pelvis in children or young adults, showing a male predilection. Although it can occurs over a wide age range, the peak incidence is in the third decade of life. DSRCT usually shows widespread abdominal serosal involvement, and overall patient survival is poor. On the other hand, extra‐abdominal DSRCT is very rare. DSRCT in major salivary glands has been reported, but it is extremely rare. In the majority of reported series diagnosis is made by the histological analysis of FFPE tissues together with immunohistochemistry (IHC) and molecular analysis, particularly the demonstration of chromosomal translocation involving EWSR1. Very few cases have been diagnosed so far by Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) cytology. Moreover ancillary studies have been performed in all reported cases in FFPE samples. There is still controversy and lack of consensus regarding the suitability of cytological samples especially smears for immunocytochemical (ICC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), what makes its standardization difficult. We report a case of a primary DSRCT of parotid gland in a 17‐year‐old male diagnosed by FNA cytology. The cytomorphological diagnosis was coupled with ICC and FISH analysis performed on stained smears. We emphasize the feasibility and reliability of cytological smears for the application of immunocytochemical and molecular techniques.
Development of the anterior lateral line system through local tissue‐tissue interactions in the zebrafish head
Authors: Iwasaki Miki , Yokoi Hayato , Suzuki Tohru , Kawakami Koichi , Wada Hironori 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe distribution of sensory organs is important for detecting environmental signals efficiently. The mechanosensory receptors of the lateral line system, neuromasts, are stereotypically distributed over the head and body surface of fish, although how neuromasts arise in these predetermined positions during development remains unclear.ResultsWe investigated the development of the anterior lateral line (ALL) system in zebrafish head. The ALL neuromasts formed in the predetermined positions through proliferation and differentiation of (a) nonmigratory lateral line primordia, (b) migratory primordia, (c) interneuromast cells connecting preexisting neuromasts, and (d) budding primordia. We demonstrated that R‐spondin2 (Rspo2), an activator of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling, is required for the development of a particular set of neuromasts associated with hyomandibular cartilage. Further genetic analyses suggested that Rspo2, which emanates from the hyoid mesenchyme, acts on the adjacent neuromast progenitor cells to stimulate their proliferation through activating Wnt/β‐catenin signaling.ConclusionThis study has revealed novel mechanisms for neuromast positioning through local tissue‐tissue interactions, providing insights into the development and evolution of the vertebrate head.
DNA degradation in fish: Practical solutions and guidelines to improve DNA preservation for genomic research
Authors: Oosting Tom , Hilario Elena , Wellenreuther Maren , Ritchie Peter A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe more demanding requirements of DNA preservation for genomic research can be difficult to meet when field conditions limit the methodological approaches that can be used or cause samples to be stored in suboptimal conditions. Such limitations may increase rates of DNA degradation, potentially rendering samples unusable for applications such as genome‐wide sequencing. Nonetheless, little is known about the impact of suboptimal sampling conditions. We evaluated the performance of two widely used preservation solutions (1. DESS: 20% DMSO, 0.25 M EDTA, NaCl saturated solution, and 2. Ethanol >99.5%) under a range of storage conditions over a three‐month period (sampling at 1 day, 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months) to provide practical guidelines for DNA preservation. DNA degradation was quantified as the reduction in average DNA fragment size over time (DNA fragmentation) because the size distribution of DNA segments plays a key role in generating genomic datasets. Tissues were collected from a marine teleost species, the Australasian snapper, Chrysophrys auratus. We found that the storage solution has a strong effect on DNA preservation. In DESS, DNA was only moderately degraded after three months of storage while DNA stored in ethanol showed high levels of DNA degradation already within 24 hr, making samples unsuitable for next‐generation sequencing. Here, we conclude that DESS was the most promising solution when storing samples for genomic applications. We recognize that the best preservation protocol is highly dependent on the organism, tissue type, and study design. We highly recommend performing similar experiments before beginning a study. This study highlights the importance of testing sample preservation protocols and provides both practical and economical advice to improve DNA preservation when sampling for genome‐wide applications.