bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphorus toxicity disrupts Rubisco activation and reactive oxygen species defence systems by phytic acid accumulation in leaves
Authors: Takagi Daisuke , Miyagi Atsuko , Tazoe Youshi , Suganami Mao , Kawai‐Yamada Maki , Ueda Akihiro , Suzuki Yuji , Noguchi Ko , Hirotsu Naoki , Makino Amane 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is an essential mineral nutrient for plants. Nevertheless, excessive P accumulation in leaf mesophyll cells causes necrotic symptoms in land plants; this phenomenon is termed P toxicity. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying P toxicity in plants have not yet been elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of P toxicity in rice. We found that under excessive inorganic P (Pi) application, Rubisco activation decreased and photosynthesis was inhibited, leading to lipid peroxidation. Although the defence systems against reactive oxygen species accumulation were activated under excessive Pi application conditions, the Cu/Zn‐type superoxide dismutase activities were inhibited. A metabolic analysis revealed that excessive Pi application led to an increase in the cytosolic sugar phosphate concentration and the activation of phytic acid synthesis. These conditions induced mRNA expression of genes that are activated under metal‐deficient conditions, although metals did accumulate. These results suggest that P toxicity is triggered by the attenuation of both photosynthesis and metal availability within cells mediated by phytic acid accumulation. Here, we discuss the whole phenomenon of P toxicity, beginning from the accumulation of Pi within cells to death in land plants.
Preschool asthma: Examining environmental influences using geographic information systems
Authors: Quaranta Judith E. , Swaine Jennifer , Ryszka Sarah 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study was conducted to explore if environmental factors co‐occur in areas with high asthma rates in Head Start (HS) children.DesignDescriptive.SampleConvenience sample of 56 children with asthma enrolled in HS, ages 3–5 years.MeasurementsGeographic Information Systems using ArcGIS 10.4 was used to geocode and map aggregated address data at the census tract level through vector map analysis. Location, race, economic status, pollution remediation sites, age of housing, and blood lead levels were assessed for areas with high asthma concentration.ResultsMost children with asthma resided in one census tract, which was 1% of the total service area. Fifty‐six percent of housing was built before 1960 with only 10% after 1990, suggesting deteriorating conditions. Pollution remediation sites were found in the vicinity of asthma cases. Elevated lead levels were found in 22% of all HS children; specific values for the children with asthma were not available.ConclusionSeveral co‐occurring factors were identified. The need for proactive interventions to decrease asthma risk/poor asthma outcomes with HS is evident. GIS locates children with high susceptibility to asthma. This allows public health nurses to target interventions and educate and empower families about environmental exposures and asthma risk factors.
Effect of heating on some soil properties and potassium dynamics in calcareous soils of southern Iran
Authors: Najafi‐Ghiri Mahdi , Boostani Hamid Reza 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPrescribed burning of plant residues in agricultural lands may increase surface soil temperature and change the dynamics of soil potassium (K). In the current investigation, the effects of two hours heating of soil to 25, 100, 225, or 350°C and cycling (one and three cycles) on properties of eight calcareous soils from southern Iran and K dynamics (K forms, release, and fixation) were studied. Results indicated that heating to 100 or 225°C had no significant effect on pH,EC, or CEC but heating to 350°C increased soil EC (from 0.53 to 0.66 dS m−1) and decreased CEC (from 25 to 19 cmol kg−1). The heating to 350°C increased all forms of K including soluble (from 36 to 84 mg kg−1, 133% increase), exchangeable (from 285 to 490 mg kg−1), non‐exchangeable (from 598 to 686 mg kg−1), and HNO3‐extractable (from 922 to 1260 mg kg−1) decreased K fixation capacity of all soils (from 351 to 235 mg kg−1). Cumulative K release from soils to 0.025 M CaCl2 ranged from 114 to 438 mg kg−1 and increased significantly after heating of soils to 350°C and reached between 233 and 783 mg kg−1. Potassium fixation capacity of fine‐textured soils (soils 2, 6, 7, and 8) after 10 times extraction with CaCl2 was increased (65%–190%). Generally, heating of soils to 350°C caused combustion of organic matter and partial destruction or collapse of K‐bearing minerals and increased release of K.
Assessment of apparent N mineralization at field scale
Authors: Zubillaga Maria Mercedes , Redel Hernan Matías , Cabrera Miguel L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractQuantification of nitrogen mineralization at the field scale is necessary to improve current N fertilizer recommendations. The objective of this study was to identify a suitable set of explanatory variables and an appropriate modelling framework to estimate the average daily amount of N mineralized (DANM) during a corn (Zea mays L.) growing season. In six field experiments in Flat Inland Pampas, Argentina, DANM was evaluated in three different homogeneous zones (HZ), which were defined based on terrain elevation. Mixed‐effect generalized linear models were developed that included growing season as random effect as well as HZ, sand, clay, silt, soil organic carbon, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) as fixed effects. Results showed that DANM ranged from 0.19 to 1.25 kg N ha−1 day−1 with a mean of 0.64 kg N ha−1 day−1, which is equivalent to 110 kg N ha−1for the corn growing season. The best model included HZ, sand, and early NDVI measurements, and predicted DANM with an RMSE of 0.19 kg N ha−1 day−1. Thus, the model should be improved and tested in the Inland Flat Pampas before it could be used to assess N fertilizer application rates.
Ocular and periocular radiation toxicity in dogs treated for sinonasal tumors: A critical review
Authors: Wolf Friederike , Meier Valeria S. , Pot Simon A. , Rohrer Bley Carla 
Published: April 2020

AbstractVisual impairment from radiation‐induced damage can be painful, disabling, and reduces the patient's quality of life. Ocular tissue damage can result from the proximity of ocular organs at risk to irradiated sinonasal target volumes. As toxicity depends on the radiation dose delivered to a certain volume, dose‐volume constraints for organs at risk should ideally be known during treatment planning in order to reduce toxicity. Herein, we summarize published ocular toxicity data of dogs irradiated for sinonasal tumors from 36 publications (1976‐2018). In particular, we tried to extract a dose guideline for a clinically acceptable rate of ocular toxicity. The side effects to ocular and periocular tissues were reported in 26/36 studies (72%) and graded according to scoring systems (10/26; 39%). With most scoring systems, however, toxicities of different ocular and periocular tissues are summed into one score. Further, the scores were mostly applied in retrospect and lack volume‐ and dose‐data. This incomplete information reflects the crux of the matter for radiation dose tolerance in canine ocular tissues: The published information of the last three decades does not allow formulating dose‐volume guidelines. As a start, we can only state that a mean dose of 39 Gy (given in 10 x 4.2 Gy fractions) will lead to loss of vision by one or both eyes, while mean doses of <30 Gy seem to preserve functionality. With a future goal to define tolerated doses and volumes of ocular and periocular tissues at risk, we propose the use of combined ocular toxicity scoring systems.
Trends in platelet distributions from 2008 to 2017: a survey of twelve national and regional blood collectors
Authors: Yazer Mark H. , Shaz Beth , Seheult Jansen N. , Apelseth Torunn O. , de Korte Dirk , Devin Gerry , Devine Dana , Doncaster Cheryl , Field Stephen , Flanagan Peter , Huet Julie , Mendrone Alfredo , O’Brien Cath , Pink Joanne , Rashleigh Mark , Shinar Eilat , Takanashi Minoko , Tian Eka , Tiberghien Pierre , van den Berg Karin , Schmitt Colby 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundThis multi‐national study evaluated changes in platelet (PLT) unit distributions at 12 national or regional blood collectors over a 10‐year period.MethodsData on the total number of PLT distributions, the collection method, that is apheresis vs whole blood‐derived (WBD), the PLT unit characteristics and post‐collection modifications were obtained from 12 national or regional blood collectors from 2008 through 2017. Individual WBD PLT units were converted to apheresis equivalent units (i.e. a dose of PLTs) by dividing by 4, the typical pool size; WBD units that were pooled before distribution were counted as a single dose.ResultsOverall at these 12 blood collectors, the total number of PLTs distributed in 2008 was 1 373 200, which rose by 10·2% to 1 513 803 in 2017. The Japanese Red Cross, which distributes only apheresis PLTs, had a 13·4% increase in the number of distributions between the years 2008 and 2017, while the other 11 blood collectors combined demonstrated a 6·8% increase in distributions between these two years. Between the years 2008 and 2017, the changes in the proportion of apheresis, platelet‐rich plasma and buffy coat PLT distributions were −29·9%, −70·7% and 80·0%, respectively.ConclusionThe number of PLT distributions increased during the 10‐year study period despite prophylactic PLT transfusion thresholds having remained fairly consistent over the last decade. Perhaps this increase is in part driven by increased administration of platelets to patients with massive haemorrhage or an increase in stem cell transplantation. The use of buffy coat PLTs is increasing at these collectors.
Ex vivo antioxidant preconditioning improves the survival rate of bone marrow stem cells in the presence of wound fluid
Authors: Mehrbani Azar Yashar , Niesler Carola U. , van de Vyver Mari 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe advancement of autologous mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy for the treatment of non‐healing diabetic wounds is hampered by endogenous MSC dysfunction and limited viability of cells post‐transplantation into the pathological wound environment. The development of effective strategies to restore the functional capabilities of these impaired MSCs prior to transplantation may be a key to their ultimate success as wound repair mediators. The current study therefore investigated whether antioxidant preconditioning [7.5 mM N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) + 0.6 mM ascorbic 2‐phosphate (AAP)] could restore the growth rate, migration ability and viability of impaired MSCs and whether this restored state is maintained in the presence of diabetic wound fluid (DWF). Healthy control (source: wild type, C57BL/6J mice) (n = 12) and impaired/diabetic MSCs (source: obese prediabetic, B6.Cg‐Lepob/J mice) (n = 12) were isolated from the bone marrow of mice. Treatment groups post‐isolation were as follow: (a) No treatment (baseline phenotype): MSCs expanded in standard growth media (SGM) (±8 days) and only exposed to growth media. (b) DWF (baseline response): MSCs expanded in SGM (±8 days) followed by exposure to DWF (24 hours, 48 hours, 96 hours). (c) Antioxidant preconditioning (preconditioned phenotype): MSCs expanded in the presence of NAC/AAP (±8 days). (d) Antioxidant preconditioning + DWF (preconditioned response): MSCs expanded in the presence of NAC/AAP (±8 days) followed by exposure to DWF (24 hours, 48 hours, 96 hours). The results demonstrated that expansion of MSCs (both healthy control and impaired diabetic) in the presence of combined NAC/AAP treatment improved ex vivo MSC viability and protected MSCs in the presence of DWF. Despite improved viability, AAP/NAC could however not rescue the reduced proliferation and migration capacity of impaired diabetic MSCs. The protective effect of NAC/AAP preconditioning against the toxicity of DWF could however be a potential strategy to improve cell number post‐transplantation.
Validity of DMIST for monitoring healing of diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Oe Makoto , Yotsu Rie Roselyne , Arisandi Defa , Suriadi  , Sakai Yukie , Imran  , Takehara Kimie , Nakagami Gojiro , Tamaki Takeshi , Sugama Junko , Sanada Hiromi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA new diabetic foot evaluation scale was proposed, using the seven domains of depth, maceration, inflammation/infection, size, tissue type of the wound bed, type of wound edge, and tunneling/undermining. This scale was named “DMIST” as an acronym from the initials of the domains. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of DMIST. Secondary analysis was conducted in three investigations performed using the diabetic foot ulcer assessment scale (DFUAS) in Japan and Indonesia. Secondary analysis was assessed using DMIST, PUSH, and DESIGN for 4 weeks based on DFUAS score and photographs of diabetic foot ulcers by researchers. Concurrent validity was determined from the correlation of total DMIST scores with PUSH and DESIGN scores. Construct validity was determined by comparisons between total DMIST score and grade of the Wagner classification. Predictive validity was determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for wound non‐healing 4 weeks later. Subjects comprised 35 Japanese patients and 118 Indonesian patients. Correlations of total DMIST score with PUSH and DESIGN scores were 0.831 and 0.822, respectively. Comparison of total DMIST scores with grade of the Wagner classification (Grade I vs. Grade II/III vs. Grade IV/V) was p < 0.001. Based on an area under the curve of 0.872, a DMIST score of 9 was selected as a cut‐off, offering sensitivity of 0.855 and specificity of 0.786 for wound non‐healing 4 weeks later. Our findings suggest that DMIST offers high validity.
Evaluating the Implementation of a Multi‐Component Intervention to Prevent Surgical Site Infection and Promote Evidence‐Based Practice
Authors: Lin Frances , Marshall Andrea P. , Gillespie Brigid , Li Yu , O’Callaghan Frances , Morrissey Shirley , Whitelock Karen , Morley Nicola , Chaboyer Wendy 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundPublished clinical practice guidelines on surgical site infection prevention are available; however, adherence to these guidelines remains suboptimal.AimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and perceived benefits of intervention and implementation strategies co‐created by researchers and clinicians to prevent surgical site infections.MethodsThis mixed‐method evaluation study involved an audit of nurses’ wound care practices, followed by focus group and individual interviews to understand the perceived benefits of the intervention and implementation strategies. Descriptive statistical analyses were used to compare post‐intervention audit data with baseline results. Deductive and inductive content analyses were undertaken on the qualitative data.ResultsThe audit showed improvements in using aseptic technique and wound care documentation practices following intervention implementation. Nurses perceived the change champion as effective in role‐modelling good practice. Education strategies including a poster and using a scenario‐based quiz were viewed as easy to understand and helpful for nurses to apply aseptic technique in practice. The instructions and education conducted to improve documentation were considered important in the success of the Wound Care Template implementation.Linking Evidence to ActionThe integrated knowledge translation approach used in this study ensured the intervention and the implementation strategies employed were appropriate and meaningful for clinicians. Such strategies may be used in other intervention studies. The change champion played an important role in driving change and acted as a vital partner during the co‐creation and the implementation processes. Ongoing education, audit and feedback became integrated in the ward nurses’ routine practice, which has the potential to continuously improve and sustain evidence‐based practice.
Acute phase response to exertional heat stroke in mice
Authors: Iwaniec John , Robinson Gerard P. , Garcia Christian K. , Murray Kevin O. , de Carvalho Lucas , Clanton Thomas L. , Laitano Orlando 
Published: April 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Exertional heat stroke is accompanied by a marked inflammatory response. In this study, we explored the time course of acute phase proteins during recovery from severe heat stress in mice and the potential role of skeletal muscles as their source.
What is the main finding and its importance?
Exertional heat stroke transiently increased expression of acute phase proteins in mouse liver and plasma and depleted liver and plasma fibrinogen, a typical response to severe trauma. In contrast, skeletal muscle fibrinogen production was stimulated by heat stroke, which can provide an additional reservoir for fibrinogen supply to maintain the clotting potential throughout the body and locally within the muscle.
AbstractExertional heat stroke (EHS), the most severe manifestation of heat illness, is accompanied by a marked inflammatory response. The release of acute phase proteins (APPs) is an important component of inflammation, which can assist in tissue survival/repair. The time course of APPs in recovery from EHS is unknown. Furthermore, skeletal muscles produce APPs during infection, but it is unknown whether they can produce APPs after EHS. Our objective was to determine the time course of representative APPs in liver, plasma and skeletal muscle during recovery from EHS. Male C57BL6/J mice ran in a forced running wheel at 37.5°C, 40% relative humidity until symptom limitation. Exercise control (EXC) mice ran for the same duration and intensity at 22.5°C. Samples were collected (n = 6–12 per group) over 14 days of recovery. Protein abundance was quantified using immunoblots. Total and phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3) at Tyr705, responsible for APP activation, increased in liver at 0.5 h after EHS compared with EXC, (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). In contrast, in tibialis anterior (TA) muscle, total STAT3 increased at 3 h (P < 0.05) but pSTAT3 (Tyr705) did not. Liver serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) increased at 3 and 24 h after EHS (P < 0.05), whereas plasma SAA1 increased only at 3 h (P < 0.05). SAA1 was not detected in TA muscle. In liver and plasma, fibrinogen decreased at 3 h (P < 0.01) and increased in TA muscle (P < 0.05). Lipocalin‐2 was undetectable in liver or TA muscle. Recovery from EHS is characterized by a transient acute phase response in both liver and skeletal muscle. However, APP expression profiles and subtypes differ between skeletal muscle and liver.
Water Lubrication of Ni/Al2O3 Composite Coatings Sliding With Si3N4
Authors: Huang Jialong , Dai Qingwen , Jin Guanghu , Huang Wei , Wang Xiaolei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Inspired by the excellent water lubrication properties of Al2O3, two methods are used to fabricate Ni/Al2O3 composite coatings for water lubrication. One is the conventional composite electroplating technique (one-step process). The other is depositing the Al2O3 particles layer on a substrate by electrophoresis firstly and then plating of Ni (two-step process). The morphology of surface and cross section, composition, micro-hardness, and bonding strength of the coatings were investigated. The water lubrication properties of the coatings sliding with Si3N4 were tested and compared. The result shows that the electrophoresis combined with electroplating is an efficient way to improve the Al2O3 particles content in the coatings. With the increasing of the particle content, the coating hardness increases while the bonding strength decreases. More importantly, low friction coefficient can only be achieved for Ni/Al2O3 coating with higher particle content. The comprehensive tribo-chemical reactions of Al2O3 and Si3N4 with water could be the dominated reason. The finds evidence the benefits of the ceramic-based composite coating design for water lubrication.
Plastic Limit Pressure Solutions for Elbows With Slant Through-Wall Cracks
Authors: Kim Minkyu , Kim Jaehee , Kim Moon Ki , Choi Jae-Boong , Huh Nam-Su , Kim Kyunghoon 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
For leak-before-break (LBB) assessment, an idealized through-wall crack (TWC) is typically postulated to determine the critical crack length of cracked piping. However, such an idealization in terms of crack shape can lead to underestimations of plastic limit pressure. Although many studies have been performed to obtain accurate limit load solutions for cracked straight pipes by considering realistic crack geometries, there is still a lack of information regarding slant TWC at elbow. Therefore, three-dimensional finite element (FE) models of an elbow considering the effects of slant TWC on plastic limit pressure are developed. The proposed FE model and analysis procedure were verified through comparisons to the existing solutions for idealized TWCs in elbow. On this basis, the effect of slant TWC on the plastic limit pressure is analyzed, and a closed-form solution of the plastic limit pressure is proposed, for an elbow containing a longitudinal or a circumferential through-wall crack.
Multidimensional Numerical Analysis of the Thermal Behavior and Pyrolysis Gas Flow Inside an Orthotropic Porous Material
Authors: Tahmasbi Vahid , Noori Sahar 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This article describes a finite-volume fully implicit solver that simulates the transient thermal response and pyrolysis gas transport inside orthotropic charring ablators. Due to surface recession of ablators in the aeroheating environments, an arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) formulation of the problem is presented. The governing equations (which consist of solid phase continuity, gas phase continuity, unsteady form of Darcy's law as gas momentum, and gas–solid mixture energy) are solved with an unstructured moving grid system. The boundary condition at the ablated surface is characterized by integrating the equilibrium thermochemical tables into the surface energy balance under assumption of a unity Lewis number. The developed computational scheme is verified using both analytical solution and code-to-code comparison. The simulations are performed on both cylindrical and iso-q shaped samples. The results show that the pyrolysis gas movement significantly influences the thermal response of the ablator. As the hot pyrolysis gas travels inside the porous ablator, it carries a great deal of energy, which enhances the solid temperature in the downstream region. Also, blowing the gas into the freestream has reduced the net convective heat flux, resulted in a decrease in the heat penetration area inside the ablator and char depth in the vicinity of permeable boundaries.