bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic integrity is still maintained in natural populations of the indigenous wild apple species Malus sylvestris (Mill.) in Saxony as demonstrated with nuclear SSR and chloroplast DNA markers
Authors: Reim Stefanie , Lochschmidt Frank , Proft Anke , Höfer Monika 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMalus sylvestris (Mill.) is the only indigenous wild apple species in Central Europe. Agriculture, forestry, and urbanization increasingly endanger Malus sylvestris natural habitats. In addition, the risks of cross‐hybridization associated with increase in the cultivation of the domesticated apple Malus × domestica (Borkh.) threaten the genetic integrity of M. sylvestris. The present study investigated the number of hybrids, genetic diversity, and genetic structure of 292 putative M. sylvestris that originate from five different natural M. sylvestris populations in Saxony, Germany. All samples were genetically analyzed using nine nuclear microsatellite markers (ncSSR) and four maternally inherited chloroplast markers (cpDNA) along with 56 apple cultivars commonly cultivated in Saxony. Eighty‐seven percent of the wild apple accessions were identified as pure M. sylvestris. The cpDNA analysis showed six private haplotypes for M. sylvestris, whereas three haplotypes were present in M. sylvestris and M. × domestica. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) resulted in a moderate (ncSSR) and great (cpDNA) variation among pure M. sylvestris and M. × domestica individuals indicating a low gene flow between both species. The genetic diversity within the pure M. sylvestris populations was high with a weak genetic structure between the M. sylvestris populations indicating an unrestricted genetic exchange between these M. sylvestris populations. The clear distinguishing of M. sylvestris and M. ×domestica confirms our expectation of the existence of pure M. sylvestris accessions in this area and supports the argument for the implementation of preservation measures to protect the M. sylvestris populations in Saxony.
Influence of discharge regime on the movement and refuge use of a freshwater fish in a drying temperate region
Authors: Storer Timothy , Bannister Jo , Bennett Katherine , Byrnes Evan , Crook David A. , Morgan David L. , Gleiss Adrian , Beatty Stephen J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUnderstanding how the movement and habitat use of fishes are influenced by flow regimes is important in sustainably managing river ecosystems, particularly in regions undergoing drying due to climate change. Here, we aimed to determine how the movement of a freshwater fish from refuge pools is influenced by discharge and environmental variables in south‐western Australia, a region that has suffered an ~50% reduction in surface flows since the 1970s. We quantified the movement patterns of the freshwater plotosid Tandanus bostocki using acoustic telemetry in two rivers that had different flow regimes and habitat characteristics. We hypothesized that its movements would be positively influenced by discharge and it would also display a high degree of site fidelity. Fifty fish were tagged and monitored across both rivers for a 1‐year period. There was an overall significant positive relationship between daily movements from the monitored refuge pools with both discharge and solar irradiation in both rivers. However, there was a greater probability of movement at a lower magnitude of discharge in the regulated Harvey River, which was attributed to the influence of river gradient and prevalence of instream barriers moderating the effect of flow on movements in the Brunswick River. The species demonstrated a considerable degree of site fidelity and also displayed homing behaviour. The study suggests that the maintenance of key refuge pools during baseflow, and ensuring river connectivity during the key movement periods, would help maintain the viability of the species as river discharge continues to decline due to climate change.
Adaptive energy saving algorithms for Internet of Things devices integrating end and edge strategies
Authors: Wang Yang , Yang Kun , Wan Weixiang , Mei Haibo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBy taking into account not only the node specifics but also the benefits of mobile edge computing, an integrated strategy for energy saving of Internet of Things (IoT) devices is proposed in this article. This strategy consists of two algorithms at both the end and the edge. Considering the changeable battery level and downlink communication traffic of the battery‐powered wireless nodes, an energy efficient automatic mode switching algorithm is designed at the end. Three different kinds of working modes are designed based on the features of the end nodes and the various application requirements. This algorithm tends to enable the end nodes to automatically select and switch to the proper working mode according to the actual conditions. At the edge server with much stronger processing and computing capabilities which belongs to a higher layer, the dynamic sampling rate adjustment algorithm is designed. It can adaptively adjust the sampling frequencies of the end nodes and thus reduce their working durations. The proposed integrated solution aims to decrease the energy consumption of IoT devices as much as possible and thus prolong their battery lives. The simulation results have shown both the effectiveness and the efficiency of the proposed end and edge integrated strategy in terms of energy consumption.
Study of carbonyl compounds in white wine production
Authors: Herzan Jakub , Prokes Kamil , Baron Mojmir , Kumsta Michal , Pavlousek Pavel , Sochor Jiri 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCarbonyl compounds, especially acetaldehyde in white wines which have a detrimental effect on the aroma and overall stability of wine, were studied.. Seven wine samples of Grüner Veltliner were produced of one input raw material of grapes, all with different dosage of SO2. The sulfur dioxide was maintained at a fixed level during the maturation process and sampled at six months. The grapes were processed, fermented, aged for three months in stainless steel tanks, prepared for bottling, bottled, and then aged in the bottle. In the samples taken, the volume of acetaldehyde, pyruvate, 2‐oxoglutarate, diacetyl, and acetoin was determined by HPLC with diode array detection. Individual forms of SO2 were determined by iodometric titration. The wine that was matured on the lees and without the addition of SO2 (variant (0/0/0)) contained the lowest amount of all compounds measured. For example, the volume of acetaldehyde for this wine was 2.7 mg/L at the end of the experiment. The results of the sensory analysis showed that such wine could compete with wines with higher SO2 content without any problems.
Diet supplemented with fermented okara improved growth performance, meat quality, and amino acid profiles in growing pigs
Authors: Tian Zhimei , Deng Dun , Cui Yiyan , Chen Weidong , Yu Miao , Ma Xianyong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the efficacy of fermented okara on performance and meat quality, and to explore the feasibility of its partial substitution for corn‐soybean meal in pig production. A total of 48 pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) with an average body weight of 58.60 ± 0.65 kg were randomly assigned to 2 groups, Control group and Fermented okara (FO) group. There were 8 replicate pens each with 3 pigs per treatment. Control pigs were fed a corn‐soybean meal basal diet, treatment pigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with FO throughout the 55‐d experimental period. Results showed that fermentation of okara using probiotics increased its microporous structure, polysaccharides, lactic acid, and free amino acids (FAA) by 46.06%, 150%, and 66.45% compared with unfermented okara, respectively (p < .05). The diet supplemented with FO significantly improved average daily gain (ADG) by 8.70% (p < .01), but decreased the feed gain ratio (F/G) by 5.56% of growing pigs compared to the control diet (p < .05). Furthermore, dietary FO improve meat color, FAA, and the activity of total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐PX) in the serum and muscles (p < .05). Collectively, probiotics‐fermented okara improved growth performance, meat quality and antioxidant capacity, and it can be used to substitute partial corn‐soybean meal in pig industry.
Worries, strategies, and confidence of older Chinese adults during the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak
Authors: Jiang Wenwen , Sun Fei , Prieto Lucas , Fang Yuan , Gao Yining , Yue Ling , Lin Xiang , Zhao Lu , Dang Jin , Qiu Jianyin , Li Xia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesSince the novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) outbreak started in late 2019, the older population has accounted for a large proportion of severe and fatal cases. This study investigated the mental state and attitudes of older Chinese adults during this epidemic.DesignCross‐sectional online surveys on a convenience sample of China's general population at two different time points. Online surveys were disseminated through popular Chinese social media applications. Adults 18 or older living in China during the initial (N = 1148) and second stages (N = 470) were included in the survey. The Worries, Strategies, and Confidence Questionnaire was created to assess worries and awareness of the disease.ResultsCombined responses (N = 1618), 76.1% were female and about 7.0% were 60 years or above. In the first wave, older adults were found less likely to worry about being infected by COVID‐19 (p < 0.05) and reported less attention paid to protective measures (p = 0.004) than young adults. However, as the disease evolved, older participants in the second wave were more worried than young adults (p = 0.027) and older adults in the first wave (p = 0.001).ConclusionsDuring the epidemic of COVID‐19, watchfulness of the epidemic among older Chinese adults fluctuated over time. Initially, they were slow to respond proactively, but their worries gradually increased. Health care and social service professionals need to address the vulnerabilities of older adults to this public health crisis.
Differential photon waves imaging
Authors: Kazanci Huseyin Ozgur 
Published: September 2020

AbstractImaging philosophy was simulated for well‐known biomedical diffuse optical imaging (DOI) methodology. It runs based on the differential photon waves. The underlying philosophy of imaging methodology takes its origin from the distance of the same molecule types. Inherently, each type of biological molecules has different molecular structure, size, and binding distance. Molecules might be water, oxy‐hemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, ATP, pepsin, cholesterol, protein, fats or lipids, hydroxyapatite, carbohydrates, glucose, glycogen, DNA, etc. These molecules need to be grouped for biomedical photon imaging purposes such as in hair, skull, scalp, cortex, dermis, epidermis, cerebrospinal fluid, cerebellar gray and white matter for neuroimaging; or skin, fat, water for breast imaging; optic nerve, humor aqueous for eye imaging; bones and joints for skeletal system imaging; liver, muscle, fibroadenoma breast, mucous tissue, nodule, bowel, heart, kidneys, lung, stomach, whole blood vascular system for inner organs. Among these different types of molecular structures, each type has different characteristic photon absorption and scattering coefficients for corresponding wavelength. Researchers have been using these characteristic wavelengths to reconstruct the images. They have focused on either absorption or scattering maximums of specific wavelengths for each tissue type. This is right when the molecules are investigated first, but it is a dead‐end when it goes deep tissue, since low‐power laser photons scatter randomly when they penetrate inside the tissue, immediately. Novel approach uses phase‐shifted group photon waves corresponding to the molecular distances. Single photon wavelength can be used to investigate the molecules inside the imaging media.
Percutaneous absorption of chemicals from fabric (textile)
Authors: Bormann Jordan L. , Filiz Acipayam Ayse Sermin , Maibach Howard I. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPercutaneous penetration of chemicals from clothing can result in both acute and chronic toxicities. Although personal protective equipment composed of nonwoven material can provide thorough protection, it is often uncomfortable under normal occupational conditions. Certain everyday textiles are often utilized as protective clothing due to their cost, comfort, and convenience. Although common textiles may cover most skin, certain regions remain exposed by such outfits. The body areas covered by the fabric are at risk for fabric permeation and percutaneous penetration of chemical, either immediately or over time, dependent on the fabric composition and the characteristics of the chemical used. in vitro and in vivo publications studied percutaneous penetration of chemicals from contaminated fabric and show that everyday textiles are superior to bare skin. The increased protection offered can be attributed to properties of the fabric such as weave, thickness, fabric finish, absorbency, and the overall barrier provided. Although common textiles do offer some protection, they remain inferior to nonwoven personal protective equipment. Much remains unknown regarding percutaneous penetration and protection offered by everyday textiles.
Divalent NI Compounds: Identifying new Carbocyclic Carbenes to Design Nitreones using Quantum Chemical Methods
Authors: Patel Neha , Arfeen Minhajul , Singh Tejender , Bhagat Shweta , Sakhare Ajay , Bharatam Prasad V. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNitreones are compounds with oxidation state 1 at the nitrogen, these compounds carry formal positive charge as well as two lone pairs of electrons at nitrogen center. These compounds are also known as divalent NI compounds and can be represented with the general formula L → N+ ← L, where L is an electron donating ligand. In the recent past, several divalent NI compounds have been reported with L = N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC), remote N‐heterocyclic carbene (rNHC), carbocyclic carbene (CCC) and diaminocarbene. Recently, our group reported that a novel six‐membered CCC (cyclohexa‐2,5‐diene‐4‐[diaminomethynyl]‐1‐ylidene) can stabilize N+ center in nitreones. As an independent carbene, this species is very unstable. In this work, modulation of this CCC using (a) annulation, (b) heterocyclic ring modification, (c) substitutions adjacent to the carbenic carbon, (d) exocyclic double bond insertion and (e) ring contraction, has been reported. These modulations and quantum chemical analyses helped in the identification of five new six‐membered CCCs which carry improved donation and stability properties. Further, these CCCs were employed in the design of new divalent NI compounds (nitreones) which carry coordination bonds between ligands and N+ center. The molecular and electronic structure properties, and the donor→acceptor coordination interactions present in the resultant low oxidation state divalent NI compounds have been explored.
Material deprivation, parenting practices, and children's psychological health and wellbeing in China
Authors: Wu Yichao , Qi Di 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper examined the extent and risk factors of child subjective wellbeing and psychological health empirically using China Family Panel Studies data set. Child subjective wellbeing was measured in this paper using six indicators including the frequency in feelings of depression, nervousness, restlessness, hopelessness, helplessness, and meaninglessness. Risk factors of child subjective wellbeing have also been examined in particular to the domains of household multidimensional material deprivation, parenting practices, and children's personal health conditions. The results of this paper implied that providing adequate nutrition and ensuring children's access to basic water and sanitation facilities were important strategies for promoting children's psychological health and wellbeing. Also important factor for child wellbeing is parenting styles and practices, that is, how parents interact with children in daily lives and how they behave as parents.
Population Pharmacokinetics and Bayesian Estimation of the Area Under the Concentration‐Time Curve for Ganciclovir in Adult Chinese Renal Allograft Recipients After Valganciclovir Administration
Authors: Chen Bing , Hu Shan‐Shan , Rui Wen‐Bin , An Hui‐Min , Zhai Xiao‐Hui , Wang Xi‐Han , Lu Jia‐Qian , Shao Kun , Zhou Pei‐Jun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractValganciclovir (VGCV) is the prodrug of ganciclovir (GCV). The objective of this study was to establish a population pharmacokinetic model (PPK) of GCV to investigate the PK characteristics of GCV after administration of VGCV in adult Chinese renal allograft recipients. Seventy Chinese renal allograft recipients were given 450 mg (n = 41) or 900 mg (n = 29) VGCV daily. Blood samples were drawn 0‐24 hours after 5 days’ therapy, and GCV plasma levels were determined. The PPK model was constructed using nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling, and the Bayesian estimation of AUC0‐24h was constructed for an individual patient based on limited plasma samples. The PK of GCV was best described by a 2‐compartment model with a first‐order absorption process. The CL/F, V2/F, Q/F, V3/F, Ka, and lag time of GCV were 15.8 ± 0.71 L/h, 10.9 ± 2.38 L, 3.98 ± 0.40 L/h, 167 ± 44.0 L, 0.23 ± 0.0078 1/h, and 0.93 ± 0.017 hours, respectively. Clearance of creatinine was found to have a significant impact on the CL/F of GCV (P < .01). Sampling strategies consisted of plasma concentrations 0 and 2 and 0, 2, and 4 hours after VGCV administration were shown to be suitable for the estimation of the GCV AUC0‐24h. The PPK model was acceptable and can describe the PK of GCV in Chinese renal transplant patients administered VGCV. The AUC0‐24h of GCV in Chinese renal transplant patients can be calculated by a limited sampling strategy method.
Ultrasound‐guided aspiration of anterior cruciate ligament mucinous cysts in the posterior intercondylar notch: Technique and short‐term outcomes
Authors: Geannette Christian , Warren Russell F. , Miller Theodore T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeTo describe our technique of aspirating symptomatic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) mucinous cysts in the posterior intercondylar notch with ultrasound guidance, and to detail short‐term patient outcomes.MethodsWe identified 13 patients from February 2008 to May 2020 who underwent ultrasound‐guided aspiration of symptomatic ACL mucinous cysts in the posterior intercondylar notch. Post‐procedural imaging was reviewed to evaluate the degree of cyst decompression. Needle size was noted. Post‐procedural symptomatology was also assessed.ResultsNo or minimal fluid was initially aspirated in 11/13 (84.6%) patients. For the two patients in which the cysts were aspirated completely with initial needle placement, with no need for lavage, a 13‐gauge trocar was utilized. Of the remaining cysts, 10/11 were aspirated with an 18‐gauge needle and one with a 20‐gauge needle. Subsequent lavage was performed in 10 of the remaining 11 patients. After lavage, in eight there was a reduction of at least 50% volume by retrospective image interpretation; of 25% to 50% volume in one patient and of less than 25% volume in one patient. Five of the 13 patients reported immediate post‐procedural symptomatic relief. In the other patients, immediate efficacy or post‐procedural symptomatology was not documented.ConclusionAspiration of symptomatic ACL mucinous cysts is a safe procedure and can provide symptomatic relief that may be temporary, but useful clinically. We recommend needles larger than 18 gauge for the best chance of successful aspiration.
Use of bacteria community analysis to distinguish groundwater recharge sources to shallow wells
Authors: Higgins Mark A. , Robbins Gary A. , Maas Kendra R. , Binkhorst Gordon K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, bacteria community analysis was performed to supplement a preexisting evaluation of nitrate contamination in drinking water wells at a coastal site in Old Lyme, CT. Given well usage and coastal hydrogeologic conditions, the source(s) of nitrate contamination in domestic wells could not be discerned between local septic systems or a nearby farm where organic fertilizers were used. Groundwater bacteria communities are known to be sensitive to a variety of environmental conditions. As such, they are potentially useful in distinguishing groundwater recharge sources. Groundwater samples collected from wells were analyzed using polymerase chain reactions (PCR) and 16S rRNA sequencing to determine the bacteria distributions in each well. The biostatistical analysis of the data using Bray–Curtis nonmetric multidimensional scaling and permutational multivariate analysis of variance revealed three distinct bacteria community distributions that coincided with three different areas on the site. Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA) of the water quality data revealed that wells with similar bacteria shared similar water quality, all of which was indicative of local recharge. These findings suggested that the domestic well nitrate contamination was derived from local septic systems rather than the farm. Septic indicator analysis using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry determined the presence of caffeine in domestic wells, which was consistent with the conclusions from the bacteria analysis, PCA, and the known hydrogeologic conditions. The low cost, ease of sample collection, and growing availability of bioinformatics laboratory services and software are conducive to the application of microbial community analysis as a supplemental tool for groundwater investigations.
Short‐term legacy effects of feedlot manure application on soil mesofauna
Authors: Miller J. J. , Owen M. L. , Battigelli J. P. , Drury C. F. , Chanasyk D. S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLittle research exists on short‐term legacy effects of feedlot manure application on soil mesofauna. This long‐term (since 1998) study was on an irrigated clay loam soil in southern Alberta cropped to barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). We sampled the soil 3–4 yr (2017–2018) into the legacy period following 17 annual manure applications (1998–2014). The selected treatments sampled were stockpiled feedlot manure containing straw bedding applied at 0, 13, 39, and 77 Mg ha−1 (dry wt.). Intact soil cores were taken at three depth intervals (0–3, 3–6, and 6–9 cm) in the fall over 2 yr to determine the densities of Acari (mites) suborders and Collembola (springtails) families. Significant (P ≤ .05) application rate effects occurred on Oribatida and Astigmata after 3 yr (but not after 4 yr) into the legacy phase, whereas Prostigmata were unaffected. Densities of Astigmata after 3 yr were 3.2‐ to 4.1‐fold greater at the 77 Mg ha−1 rate compared with three lower rates. Significant application rate effects occurred on Entomobryidae, Isotomidae, and Onychiuridae after 4 yr (but not after 3 yr), with no treatment effects on Neelidae. Densities of mesofauna were generally greater at higher than at lower rates, except for Entomobryidae in 2018, where the reverse trend occurred. Significant application rate effects were attributed to lower soil bulk density and greater volumetric soil water content and soil organic carbon. Therefore, legacy effects of feedlot manure application generally persisted on soil mesofauna 3–4 yr into the legacy phase but depended on mesofauna type, year, and depth.