bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of maternal, gestational, and perinatal variables on neonatal line width observed in a modern UK birth cohort
Authors: Hassett Brenna R. , Dean M. Christopher , Ring Susan , Atkinson Charlotte , Ness Andrew R. , Humphrey Louise 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to explore potential relationships between neonatal line (NNL) width and early life history variables such as maternal health, gestation, the birth process, and perinatal health.Materials and methodsHistological thin sections of deciduous canines were studied from 71 children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). The width of the NNL was measured in three locations on the tooth crown using spatial mapping techniques (ArcGIS) from digital images from an Olympus VS‐120 microscope. Life history variables were collected prospectively through a combination of clinical observations and questionnaires.ResultsInfants born late term or post term had narrower neonatal lines than those born prematurely or at full term. Infants born in Autumn (September to November) had narrower NNLs than those born at other times of year. NNLs in infants born to mothers with hypertension were wider than those without. Infants resuscitated at birth or born to obese mothers had narrower NNLs than those that were not. There was no association between NNL width and either the type or duration of delivery.DiscussionThe NNL in enamel is an irregular accentuated line, but the factors underlying its formation and width remain unclear. In contrast to some previous studies, we found no association between wider NNLs and long or difficult births. Instead, we found that the width of the neonatal line NNL varied in relation to parameters that reflected the prenatal environment and length of gestation.
Integrated results of aerial image, ground magnetics and excavation for settlement assessment at Dadan site, Al‐’Ula area, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsuhaibani Abdulrahman , Metwaly Mohamed 
Published: March 2020

AbstractExploring how ancient people created and inhabited specific sites remains a mysterious challenge for archaeologists. The Al‐Khuribah site is one of the most crucial archaeological places in the north‐western part of Saudi Arabia, and its existence is dated from the eighth to the first century bc. The area is characterized by various archaeological remains that engender debate on the interpretation of those remains among the archaeological community. Aerial images, ground magnetic surveys, and excavation results have been integrated in the proposed area for current and future excavation planning. A Google Earth aerial image for the study site revealed that surface pattern characteristics of the site are in the form of remains of adjacent houses with relatively small rooms. Despite composition similarities between the archaeological remains and host sediments, the integrated results of the analysed aerial image and magnetic gradient results showed significant archaeological features that cannot be traced using one method. To complete the interpretation of an archaeological character at a site, the results of the analysed aerial image and magnetic gradient have been evaluated through successive excavation. Overall, the results evidently support the hypothesis regarding the type of occupation of people living close to the religious temple that was excavated in the area earlier. To support such a hypothesis, the archaeological remains, which include various sized kilns, numerous linear wall features, and some of the daily used objects, must be analysed.
A Lifespan Approach to Patient‐Reported Outcomes and Quality of Life for People on the Autism Spectrum
Authors: Graham Holmes Laura , Zampella Casey J. , Clements Caitlin , McCleery Joseph P. , Maddox Brenna B. , Parish‐Morris Julia , Udhnani Manisha D. , Schultz Robert T. , Miller Judith S. 
Published: March 2020

Autistic self‐advocates, family members, and community organizations have called for greater emphasis on enhancing quality of life (QoL) for people with autism. Doing this is critical to understand how QoL unfolds across the life course and to clarify whether gender affects QoL, health, and functioning for people with autism. The purpose of this study was to curate and test a lifespan QoL measurement tool using freely available and well‐constructed National Institutes of Health Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). To develop the PROMIS Autism Battery—Lifespan (PAB‐L), we identified PROMIS scales relevant for autism, reviewed each item, consulted with a panel of autism experts, and elicited feedback from autistic people and family members. This battery provides a comprehensive portrait of QoL for children ages 5–13 (through parent proxy), teens 14–17 (parent proxy and self‐report), and adults 18–65 (self‐report) with autism compared to the general population. Participants and parent informants (N = 912) recruited through a children's hospital and nationwide U.S. autism research registry completed the PAB‐L online. Results indicate that compared to general population norms, people with autism of all ages (or their proxies) reported less desirable outcomes and lower QoL across all domains. Women and girls experienced greater challenges in some areas compared to men and boys with autism. The PAB‐L appears to be a feasible and acceptable method for assessing patient‐reported outcomes and QoL for autistic people across the life course. Autism Res 2020, 13: 970‐987. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryWe developed a survey to measure the quality of life of children, teens, and adults with autism using free National Institutes of Health PROMIS questionnaires. People with autism and family members rated the PROMIS Autism Battery—Lifespan as useful and important. Some reported a good quality of life, while many reported that their lives were not going as well as they wanted. Women and girls reported more challenges in some areas of life than men and boys.
Biological pretreatment: An innovative approach to addressing taste and odor
Authors: Brown Jess , Nyfennegger Jennifer , Ang Yong , Simpson Mark , MacLeod Bruce , Wolanin Olga , Gilmore Katherine 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe presence of objectionable taste‐and‐odor (T&O) compounds in surface water supplies is a common problem facing drinking water utilities across the country and worldwide. While there are several viable T&O treatment options, including adsorption, biotransformation, and advanced oxidation, no single option fits all applications or is without potential limitations. Through bench‐ and pilot‐scale testing, this work developed and evaluated high‐rate biological roughing filtration as a promising alternative for geosmin and 2‐methylisoborneol abatement to help utilities minimize T&O complaints without straining their annual operating budgets. Testing showed that biological roughing filtration can effectively treat a wide range of raw water T&O levels using short contact times, and the intermittent presence of T&O compounds did not appear to appreciably affect removal efficacy. Pilot‐testing results were used to develop the design criteria for a full‐scale 54‐mgd biological roughing filter that is currently treating surface water in Manatee County, Florida.
Wirtschaftliche Perspektiven von Beton‐3D‐Druckverfahren
Authors: Otto Jens , Kortmann Jan , Krause Martin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAdditive Herstellungsverfahren, im allgemeinen Sprachgebrauch als 3D‐Druckverfahren bezeichnet, wurden zunächst für die stationäre Industrie entwickelt und sind von höchster Automatisierung gekennzeichnet. Sie sind Teil der Strategie Industrie 4.0 und stellen auch für die Bauwirtschaft eine große Chance für Effizienzsteigerungen dar. Mit diesem Beitrag wird aufgezeigt, dass Beton‐3D‐Druckverfahren, und im Speziellen das CONPrint3D®‐Verfahren, im Vergleich zu konventionellen Herstellmethoden von Wandkonstruktionen aus Mauerwerk oder Beton wirtschaftlich vorteilhaft sind und hinsichtlich einer Kosten‐ und Zeitersparnis nachweislich großes Potenzial besitzen. Für das CONPrint3D®‐Verfahren wurden im Rahmen von forschungsbegleitenden Auswertungen konkrete Leistungswerte ermittelt und diese in einer Wirtschaftlichkeitsbetrachtung den Wandbausystemen Kalksandstein (KS‐Stein)‐Mauerwerk, Ziegel‐Mauerwerk und Stahlbeton gegenübergestellt. Durch eine Differenzkostenbetrachtung werden die maximalen Gerätekosten für die Druckmaschine pro m2 Wandfläche und pro Zeiteinheit berechnet. Mit großer Sicherheit ist davon auszugehen, dass Beton‐3D‐Drucker innerhalb des ermittelten Gerätekostenbudgets wirtschaftlich einsetzbar sind.
Massive hydatid cysts in the lung and liver of a 4‐year‐old boy
Authors: Yu Uet , Yi Meng , Yuan Xiuli , Wen Feiqiu , Liu Sixi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHydatids may persist for years if left undiagnosed. Early identification is challenging, especially in patients from nonendemic regions. It is crucial for clinicians to be aware of the presence of the disease to avoid devastating outcomes.
Double orifice mitral valve in a patient with bicuspid aortic valve and coarctation of the aorta: A rare presentation
Authors: Bayat Fariba , Namazi Mohammad Hasan , Khani Mohammad , Shekarkhar Shadi , Fatehi Aref , Tabary Mohammadreza , Khaheshi Isa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDouble orifice mitral valve is a rare condition and may be accompanied by a bicuspid aortic valve (sometimes normal functioning) and coarctation of the aorta. Echocardiography is valuable in detecting the accompanied anomalies. Management depends on the severity of mitral valve function and the severity of associated anomalies.
Polymorphic chiral squaraine crystallites in textured thin films
Authors: Zablocki Jennifer , Arteaga Oriol , Balzer Frank , Hertel Dirk , Holstein Julian J. , Clever Guido , Anhäuser Jana , Puttreddy Rakesh , Rissanen Kari , Meerholz Klaus , Lützen Arne , Schiek Manuela 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAn enantiomerically pure (R)‐2‐methylpyrrolidine‐based anilino squaraine crystallizes in two chiral polymorphs adopting a monoclinic C2 and an orthorhombic P212121 structure, respectively. By various thin‐film preparation techniques, a control of the polymorph formation is targeted. The local texture of the resulting textured thin films is connected to the corresponding optical properties. Special attention is paid to an unusual Davydov splitting, the anisotropic chiroptical response arising from preferred out‐of‐plane orientation of the crystallites, and the impact of the polymorph specific excitonic coupling.
Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor is essential for enteric neuronal development, maintenance, and regulation of gastrointestinal transit
Authors: Chalazonitis Alcmène , Li ZhiShan , Pham Tuan D. , Chen Jason , Rao Meenakshi , Lindholm Päivi , Saarma Mart , Lindahl Maria , Gershon Michael D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) is expressed in the brain and is neuroprotective. We have previously shown that CDNF is also expressed in the bowel and that its absence leads to degeneration and autophagy in the enteric nervous system (ENS), particularly in the submucosal plexus. We now demonstrate that enteric CDNF immunoreactivity is restricted to neurons (submucosal > myenteric) and is not seen in glia, interstitial cells of Cajal, or smooth muscle. Expression of CDNF, moreover, is essential for the normal development and survival of enteric dopaminergic neurons; thus, expression of the dopaminergic neuronal markers, dopamine, tyrosine hydroxylase, and dopamine transporter are deficient in the ileum of Cdnf
−/− mice. The normal age‐related decline in proportions of submucosal dopaminergic neurons is exacerbated in Cdnf
−/− animals. The defect in Cdnf
−/− animals is not dopamine‐restricted; proportions of other submucosal neurons (NOS‐, GABA‐, and CGRP‐expressing), are also deficient. The deficits in submucosal neurons are reflected functionally in delayed gastric emptying, slowed colonic motility, and prolonged total gastrointestinal transit. CDNF is expressed selectively in isolated enteric neural crest‐derived cells (ENCDC), which also express the dopamine‐related transcription factor Foxa2. Addition of CDNF to ENCDC promotes development of dopaminergic neurons; moreover, survival of these neurons becomes CDNF‐dependent after exposure to bone morphogenetic protein 4. The effects of neither glial cell‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) nor serotonin are additive with CDNF. We suggest that CDNF plays a critical role in development and long‐term maintenance of dopaminergic and other sets of submucosal neurons.
A Europium(III) Complex with an Unusual Anion–Cation Interaction: A Luminescent Molecular Thermometer for Ratiometric Temperature Sensing
Authors: Outis Mani , Laia César A. T. , Oliveira M. Conceição , Monteiro Bernardo , Pereira Cláudia C. L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAn unusual thermally sensitive anion–cation interaction, which is characteristic of the anion [Eu(FOD)4]−, occurs in the complex [CHOL][Eu(FOD)4] (1; CHOL=choline; FOD=1,1,1,2,2,3,3‐heptafluoro‐7,7‐dimethyl‐4,6‐octanedionate) and affects both quantum yield and thermochromic behavior. This prompted the design of an Eu3+‐based ratiometric thermometer that functions at temperatures up to 95 °C through a thermally excited state absorption of the Eu3+ ion. The reusable temperature‐sensitive luminescent complex showed a range of relative sensitivity between 0.45 % C−1 at 25 °C, with an increase to 7.0 % C−1 at 95 °C. Confinement of compound 1 in a transparent film of polysulfone resulted in a higher thermal stability of 1 while its luminescence showed a strong temperature dependence.
Hierarchical multi‐grain models improve descriptions of species’ environmental associations, distribution, and abundance
Authors: Mertes Katherine , Jarzyna Marta A. , Jetz Walter 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe characterization of species’ environmental niches and spatial distribution predictions based on them are now central to much of ecology and conservation, but implicitly requires decisions about the appropriate spatial scale (i.e.,grain) of analysis. Ecological theory and empirical evidence suggest that range‐resident species respond to their environment at two characteristic, hierarchical spatial grains: (1)response grain, the (relatively fine) grain at which an individual uses environmental resources, and (2)occupancy grain, the (relatively coarse) grain equivalent to a typical home range. We use a multi‐grain (MG) occupancy model, aided by fine‐grain remotely sensed imagery, to simultaneously estimate species–environment associations at both grains, conduct grain optimization to measure response grain, and apply this analysis framework to an example species: a medium‐sized bird (Tockus deckeni) in a heterogeneous East African landscape. Based on home range analysis of movement data, we calculate an occupancy grain of 1 km forT. deckeni. Using a grain optimization procedure across 32 grains from 10 to 500 m, we identify 60 m as the most strongly supported response grain for a suite of environmental variables, slightly coarser than opportunistic behavioral observations would have suggested. Validation confirms that the accuracy of the optimized MG occupancy model substantially exceeds that of equivalent single‐grain (SG) occupancy models. We further use a simulation approach to assess the potential impacts of accounting for the multi‐scale structure of species’ environmental requirements on estimates of population size. We find that the more strongly supported MG approach consistently predicts a minimum population size in the study landscape that is much lower than that provided by the SG model. This suggests that SG approaches commonly used in conservation applications could lead to overly optimistic abundance and population estimates, and that the MG approach may be more appropriate for supporting species conservation goals. More generally, we conclude that multi‐grain approaches of the sort presented, and increasingly enabled by growing high‐resolution remotely sensed data, hold great promise for offering a more mechanistic framework for assessing the appropriate grain(s) for population monitoring and management and enable more reliable estimates of abundances and species’ distributions.
A simple collision algorithm for arbitrarily shaped objects in particle‐resolved flow simulation using an immersed boundary method
Authors: Nagata Takayuki , Hosaka Mamoru , Takahashi Shun , Shimizu Ken , Fukuda Kota , Obayashi Shigeru 
Published: March 2020

SummaryIn the present study, we proposed a simple collision algorithm, which can be handled arbitrarily shaped objects, for flow solvers using the immersed boundary method (IBM) based on the level set and ghost cell methods. The proposed algorithm can handle the collision of the arbitrarily shaped object with little additional computational costs for the collision calculation because collision detection and calculation are performed using the level set function and image point, which are incorporated into the original IBM solver. The proposed algorithm was implemented on the solid‐liquid IBM flow solver and validated by simulations of the flow over an isolated cylinder and sphere. Also, grid and time step size sensitivity on the total energy conservation of objects were investigated in cylinder‐cylinder, cylinder‐red‐blood‐cells‐shaped (RBC‐shaped) objects, sphere‐sphere, and sphere‐flat plate interaction problems. Through validation, good agreement with previous studies, grid and time step size convergence, and sufficient total energy conservation were confirmed. As a demonstration, the drafting, kissing, and tumbling processes were computed, and it was confirmed that the present result by the proposed method is similar to the previous computations. In addition, particle‐laden flow in a channel including obstacles with collision and adhesion phenomena and the interaction of cylinders and wavy‐wall were computed. The results of these simulations reveal the capability of solving a flow containing arbitrarily shaped moving objects with collision phenomena by a simple proposed method.
Ultrasound Appearances of the Acrania‐Anencephaly Sequence at 10 to 14 Weeks’ Gestation
Authors: Wertaschnigg Dagmar , Reddy Maya , Ramkrishna Jayshree , da Silva Costa Fabricio , Sepulveda Waldo , Rolnik Daniel L. , Meagher Simon 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesThe acrania‐anencephaly sequence is a lethal condition with a high detection rate in experienced hands after 10 weeks’ gestation. However, earlier in gestation, many cases remain undetected. Different phenotypic appearances have been described and might help increase the detection rate in less experienced hands and also earlier in gestation. The purpose of this study was to assess interobserver reliability in classifying cases of the acrania‐anencephaly sequence during first trimester in 6 different subtypes according to their ultrasound appearances.MethodsThis was a retrospective descriptive cohort study at 3 centers for fetal imaging. Each case was classified according to its phenotypic appearance by 2 independent operators as “bilobular,” “cystic,” “elongated,” “irregular,” “foreshortened,” or “overhanging.” Frequencies of each type are described, and interoperator agreement was assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient.ResultsFrom the 88 included cases, the frequencies of the different subtypes classified as overhanging, elongated, bilobular, cystic, foreshortened, and irregular were 31%, 25%, 19%, 11%, 8%, and 6%, respectively. The interoperator reliability was good, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.903 (95% confidence interval, 0.853–0.937; P < .001).ConclusionsUsing different subtypes may improve the detection of the acrania‐anencephaly sequence. An accurate early diagnosis could lead to timely, less traumatic, and safer management of affected pregnancies.
Salts Induced Formation of Hierarchical Porous ZIF‐8 and Their Applications for CO2 Sorption and Hydrogen Generation via NaBH4 Hydrolysis
Authors: Abdelhamid Hani Nasser 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDespite the great potential of two different pore regimes (hierarchical porous (HP) structure), HP‐zeolitic imidazolate frameworks‐8 (HPZIF‐8) can be efficient catalysts for hydrogen generation via hydride hydrolysis, and as adsorbents for CO2 gas adsorption. Herein, HPZIF‐8, and leaf‐like ZIF (ZIF‐L) are synthesized via a simple and environmentally friendly procedure using layered hydroxide nitrate of zinc (Z5HN) as a metal source and simple inorganic salt as a modulator. Z5HN nanosheets undergo topotactic transformation to simonkolleite (Zn5(OH)8Cl2·H2O) that can be converted to the pure phase of HPZIF‐8. The concentration of the salts tunes the textural properties of the final product. Applications of HPZIF‐8 and ZIF‐L for CO2 sorption exhibit excellent adsorption properties with increases of 25% due to the presence of cations in the frameworks. ZIF‐8 shows exceptional high catalytic activity for hydrogen generation via the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride. The simple synthesis of ZIF‐8 as well as their good performance as adsorbent and catalyst ensure the potential for industrial and commercial uses.
Dopamine Transporter, Age, and Motor Complications in Parkinson's Disease: A Clinical and Single‐Photon Emission Computed Tomography Study
Authors: Palermo Giovanni , Giannoni Sara , Frosini Daniela , Morganti Riccardo , Volterrani Duccio , Bonuccelli Ubaldo , Pavese Nicola , Ceravolo Roberto 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevious molecular imaging studies comparing dopamine function in vivo between early‐onset PD and late‐onset PD patients have shown contradictory results, presumably attributable to the aging‐related decline in nigrostriatal function.Objectives(1) To investigate baseline dopamine transporter availability in early‐onset PD (<55 years) and late‐onset PD (>70 years) patients, z‐scores values of putamen and caudate [123I]‐ioflupane uptake were calculated using the respective age‐matched controls in order to correct for early presynaptic compensatory mechanisms and age‐related dopamine neuron loss; (2) to examine the associations of such baseline single‐photon emission computed tomography measures with the emergence of late‐disease motor complications.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 105 de novo PD patients who underwent [123I]‐ioflupane single‐photon emission computed tomography at time of diagnosis were divided into three tertile groups according to age at disease onset (35 early‐onset PD and 40 late‐onset PD patients). Z‐scores were compared between the two groups, and their predictive power for motor complications (during a mean follow‐up of 7 years) was evaluated using Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsDespite a less‐severe motor phenotype, early‐onset PD patients exhibited more reduced [123I]‐ioflupane binding in the putamen and had a higher and earlier risk for developing motor complications than those with late‐onset PD. Lower [123I]‐Ioflupane uptake in the putamen and caudate increased the risk of motor complications.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that a lower dopamine transporter binding in early‐onset PD predicts the later development of motor complications, but it is not related to severity of motor symptoms, suggesting age‐related differences in striatal compensatory mechanisms in PD. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society