bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinguishing genomicDNAofBrassica junceaandArabidopsis thalianausing surface‐enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Mirajkar Shriram , Dhayagude Akshay , Maiti Nandita , Suprasanna Penna , Kapoor Sudhir 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe emergence of the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique as a prospective approach for the label‐free detection and fingerprinting of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of microorganisms motivated us to detect traces of genomic DNA (gDNA) ofBrassicaceaeplant species, namely,Brassica junceaandArabidopsis thaliana. DNA from the young leaf tissue of germinatedB. junceawas extracted by modified cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide extraction method and added to silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs). The reduction in the absorbance of the surface plasmon resonance band of the metal NPs along with the appearance of a red‐shifted band indicated that DNA gets adsorbed on the metal NPs. The change in helicity of gDNA upon interaction with metal NPs was confirmed from circular dichroism studies. Dynamic light scattering measurements indicated that extent of aggregation is more in gDNA functionalized Au NPs than in Ag NPs. The transmission electron microscopy results corroborated the dynamic light scattering data. The marginal change in zeta potential value of Ag and Au NPs after binding to gDNA indicated good stability of the functionalized metal NPs. The SERS spectra revealed that adenine and deoxyribose were the active sites of gDNA that interacted with the metal NPs. From SERS, the limit of detection of gDNA was found to be ~10 and 1 ng μl−1with Ag and Au NPs. The wavelength‐dependent Raman study showed that the charge transfer effect contributed to the SERS enhancement in addition to the electromagnetic effect. The SERS spectra of gDNA ofA. thalianafunctionalized Ag NPs were found to be different as compared with the gDNA ofB. junceaprobably due to the difference in their genome length and biochemical variability. Moreover, the Raman spectral signatures might differ due to changes in the adsorption pattern of the nucleotide bases on metal NPs surfaces.
Effects of Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium poae on disease parameters, grain quality and mycotoxins contamination in bread wheat (Part I)
Authors: Martínez Mauro , Ramírez Albuquerque Lady , Arata Agustin F , Biganzoli Fernando , Fernández Pinto Virginia , Stenglein Sebastian A 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDWheat is the most important winter crop in the world, being affected by the presence of fungal, mainly those belonging to the Fusarium genus. Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a serious disease that causes important economic damage and quantitative/qualitative losses, with Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium poae being two of the most isolated species worldwide. The present study aimed to evaluate the interaction between F. graminearum and F. poae and the effects on disease parameters, grain quality and mycotoxin contamination on five wheat genotypes under field conditions during three growing seasons.RESULTSStatistical differences between Fusarium treatments were found for disease parameters, grain quality and mycotoxin contamination during the 2014/2015 growing season. High values of incidence (58.00 ± 8.00%), severity (6.28 ± 1.51%) and FHB index (4.72 ± 1.35) were observed for F. graminearum + F. poae treatment. Regarding grain quality, the results showed that the degradation of different protein fractions depends on each Fusarium species: glutenins were degraded preferably by F. graminearum (−70.82%), gliadins were degraded preferably by F. poae (−29.42%), whereas both protein fractions were degraded when both Fusarium species were present (−60.91% and −16.51%, respectively). Significant differences were observed for mycotoxin contamination between genotypes, with Proteo being the most affected (DON = 12.01 ± 3.67 μg g−1). In addition, we report that 3‐ADON predominated over 15‐ADON in the three seasons evaluated.CONCLUSIONVariations in plant–pathogen interaction (Fusarium–wheat pathosystem) should be considered at least in years with favorable climatic conditions for FHB development, as a result of the potential impact of this disease on grain quality and mycotoxin contamination. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Insights into the chemosensory basis of flavor in table grapes
Authors: Maoz Itay , Kaplunov Tatiana , Raban Eyal , Dynkin Irina , Degani Oded , Lewinsohn Efraim , Lichter Amnon 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe full flavor of grape berries is determined by the interaction of sugars, acids, volatile compounds, and other berry properties, such as astringency. Sugars and acids are important for berry taste, whereas volatile compounds are important for the unique berry flavors, e.g., monoterpenes for the Muscat varieties.RESULTSWe explored the basis for ‘fruity’ flavor perception in table grapes. Samples were collected from 134 new table grape lines and commercial varieties and tested chemically for their volatile profiles and organoleptically by tasting panels. At the sensory level, flavor impression was strongly correlated with berry preference, whereas among ‘fruity’, ‘neutral’, ‘herbaceous,’ and ‘Muscat’, only the ‘fruity’ flavor was correlated with berry preference. At the chemical level, 114 volatile compounds were detected in the 81 breeding lines and cultivars examined, and grouped into ‘core’ and ‘unique’ categories. The typical berry flavor seemed to depend on the major volatile aldehydes – 1‐hexanal and (E)‐2‐hexenal – accounting for up to an average 85% of the berry's core volatile concentration. We found four volatile compounds – α‐bergamotene, geranyl formate, aristolene and α‐penansinene – previously undetected, to our knowledge, in fresh grape berries.CONCLUSIONSHigh ‘fruity’ flavor scores were related to three independent factors: (i) presence of unique volatile compounds, such as the sesquiterpene α‐copaene, (ii) higher total concentration of volatile compounds, (iii) optimal maturity associated to high total soluble solids (TSS) levels, interacting with berry volatile composition. These combined sensory and analytical data on the flavor of table grapes improve our understanding of the complex interface between chemical and sensory perception in fruit. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
American consumers' perception and acceptance of an ethnic food with strong flavor: a case study of Kimchi with varying levels of red pepper and fish sauce
Authors: Park Hee‐Jung , Ko Jung‐Min , Lim Juyun , Hong Jae‐Hee 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDA spicy ethnic food with strong flavor, such as Kimchi (Korean traditional fermented vegetable dish), may not be well‐accepted by foreign consumers on the first trial, but liking can be acquired if exposed frequently. This study was conducted to understand how spiciness and fish sauce flavor impact American consumers' perception and acceptance of Kimchi. Thirteen untrained American panelists performed a flash profiling evaluating six Kimchi samples with different levels of red pepper and fish sauce. American consumers (n = 96) participated in a consumer study during which their acceptance for the same samples, along with their consumption habits, were evaluated.RESULTSRatings of perceived spiciness and liking increased as the concentration of red pepper increased, while these attributes were less affected by the level of fish sauce tested. Consumers were segmented into four clusters: general Kimchi likers (30%), spicy Kimchi likers (10%), mild Kimchi dislikers (45%), and spicy and strong‐flavored Kimchi dislikers (15%). This segmentation showed a significant impact of previous experiences tasting authentic Kimchi.CONCLUSIONStronger spiciness in Kimchi is preferred by American consumers, while absence or addition of fish sauce did not influence their acceptance. Previous experience with Kimchi and a liking for spicy foods that had been already established seem to be associated with their liking for the spicier Kimchi. It is suggested that an authentic Kimchi experience further differentiated the preference pattern for Kimchi with varying levels of spiciness and fish sauce flavor. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Ultrasound Fatty Liver Indicator: A Simple Tool for Differentiating Steatosis From Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Validity in the Average Obese Population
Authors: Nelson Steve M. , Hoskins Jason D. , Lisanti Christopher , Chaudhuri Jayanta 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesSteatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and fibrosis/cirrhosis represent a spectrum of fatty liver disease. The ultrasound fatty liver indicator (US‐FLI) evaluates ultrasound (US) features to identify stages of fatty liver disease. We hypothesized that US features could be independent predictors of NASH and that the US‐FLI differentiates steatosis from NASH in the average obese population.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 208 patients with normal (n = 14), steatotic (n = 89), and NASH (n = 105) livers was performed. Liver/biliary disease and a history of alcohol intake were excluded. Ultrasound metrics included liver‐kidney contrast, posterior attenuation, vessel blurring, difficulty visualizing the gallbladder wall, difficulty visualizing the diaphragm, and areas of focal fatty sparing. A statistical comparison of the 3 groups as well as fibrosis stage I and II/III NASH groups was performed. Logistic regression identified independent predictors of NASH.ResultsGallbladder wall visualization and vessel blurring were different between the steatosis and NASH groups (P ≤ .01). Gallbladder wall visualization was specific for NASH (89%), and vessel blurring was sensitive for NASH (93%). A US‐FLI score of 4 or lower suggested the absence of NASH (negative predictive value, 88%; sensitivity, 91%). Logistic regression revealed vessel blurring as the only US predictor of NASH (P ≤ .01). However, the area under the curve (0.649) showed poor performance in differentiating steatosis from NASH when the US‐FLI score was 5 or higher.ConclusionsOur data suggest that the US‐FLI may differentiate steatosis from NASH in the average obese population. Vessel blurring and poor gallbladder wall visualization were the most important metrics. Identification of NASH was enhanced by including the US‐FLI score with vessel blurring.
Prevalence of Vocal Fold Pathologies Among First‐Year Singing Students Across Genres
Authors: Lloyd Adam T. , Gerhard Julia , Baker Paul , Lundy Donna S. , Diaz Jennylee , Bretl Michelle M. , Landera Mario A. , Anis Mursalin , Marchman Judy , Rosow David E. 
Published: October 2019

Objectives/HypothesisThe purpose of the study was to compare the prevalence of vocal fold pathologies among first‐year singing students from the classical, musical theatre, and contemporary commercial music (CCM) genres.Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsVideostroboscopic examinations were rated by blinded expert raters. Vocal pathology was defined as a vocal fold abnormality on the membranous or cartilaginous portions of the vocal folds or hypomobility. Consensus among three of four raters confirmed presence of pathology. Association between genre of singer and presence of pathology, interrater reliability, and intrarater reliability were calculated. Differences in singing voice handicap, and voice use and vocal hygiene were compared.ResultsFifty‐seven participants were included. Seventeen percent of CCM, 40% of musical theatre, and 0% of classical singers were found to have vocal fold pathology. Interrater reliability was 0.522 between all four raters, 0.591 between the two laryngologists, and 0.581 between the two speech–language pathologists, showing a moderate agreement (P < .0001). Intrarater reliability was 1.000 (P < .0001) for the two laryngologists and 0.452 (P = .949) and 0.622 (P = .828) for the two speech–language pathologists. Singing Voice Handicap Index‐10 data across genre showed differences between CCM and classical singers. No significant differences were found in voice usage or vocal hygiene.ConclusionsNo classical students were found to have vocal fold pathology, whereas CCM and musical theatre students had significantly higher prevalence of pathologies. Voice use, vocal hygiene, and physiologic phonatory differences among classical, musical theatre, and CCM genres may be risk factors for development of vocal pathology.Level of Evidence2b Laryngoscope, 130: 1996–2002, 2020
4‐bit Boolean functions in generation and cryptanalysis of secure 4‐bit crypto S‐boxes
Authors: Dey Sankhanil , Chakrabarti Amlan , Ghosh Ranjan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn modern ciphers of commercial computer cryptography, 4‐bit crypto substitution boxes or 4‐bit crypto S‐boxes have been of utmost importance since the late 1960s. Since then, the 4‐bit Boolean functions (BFs) have been proved to be the best tool to generate the said 4‐bit crypto S‐boxes. In this article, the crypto‐related properties of the 4‐bit BFs, such as the algebraic normal form (ANF) of the 4‐bit BFs, the balancedness, the linearity, the nonlinearity, the affinity and nonaffinity of the 4‐bit BFs, and the strict avalanche criterion (SAC) of 4‐bit BFs, are studied in detail. An exhaustive study of 4‐bit BFs with some new observations and algorithms on SAC of 4‐bit BFs is also reported in this article. In the end of 1990s, the Galois field polynomials over Galois field GF(28) are in use to generate the 8‐bit crypto S‐box of the Advance Encryption Standard. A detailed study on generation of the 4‐bit crypto S‐boxes with such Galois field polynomials over the binary as well as nonbinary extended Galois fields is also given in this article. The generated 4‐bit crypto S‐boxes are analyzed with four cryptanalysis techniques and the well‐defined SAC algorithms of 4‐bit crypto S‐boxes to search for the best possible 4‐bit crypto S‐boxes. Some existing 4‐bit crypto S‐boxes such as the thirty‐two 4‐bit crypto S‐boxes of the data encryption standard (DES) and the four 4‐bit crypto S‐boxes of the two variants of the Lucifer are analyzed to report the weakness of such S‐boxes. A comparative study of the ancient as well as the modern 4‐bit crypto S‐boxes with the generated 4‐bit crypto S‐boxes proves the said generated 4‐bit crypto S‐boxes to be the best possible one.
Knockdown of formin mDia2 alters lamin B1 levels and increases osteogenesis in stem cells
Authors: Sankaran Jeyantt S. , Sen Buer , Dudakovic Amel , Paradise Christopher R. , Perdue Tony , Xie Zhihui , McGrath Cody , Styner Maya , Newberg Joshua , Uzer Gunes , Wijnen Andre J. , Rubin Janet 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNuclear actin plays a critical role in mediating mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) fate commitment. In marrow-derived MSCs, the principal diaphanous-related formin Diaph3 (mDia2) is present in the nucleus and regulates intranuclear actin polymerization, whereas Diaph1 (mDia1) is localized to the cytoplasm and controls cytoplasmic actin polymerization. We here show that mDia2 can be used as a tool to query actin-lamin nucleoskeletal structure. Silencing mDia2 affected the nucleoskeletal lamin scaffold, altering nuclear morphology without affecting cytoplasmic actin cytoskeleton, and promoted MSC differentiation. Attempting to target intranuclear actin polymerization by silencing mDia2 led to a profound loss in lamin B1 nuclear envelope structure and integrity, increased nuclear height, and reduced nuclear stiffness without compensatory changes in other actin nucleation factors. Loss of mDia2 with the associated loss in lamin B1 promoted Runx2 transcription and robust osteogenic differentiation and suppressed adipogenic differentiation. Hence, mDia2 is a potent tool to query intranuclear actin-lamin nucleoskeletal structure, and its presence serves to retain multipotent stromal cells in an undifferentiated state.
Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate AQP-4-dependent glymphatic dysfunction and improve brain distribution of antisense oligonucleotides in BACHD mice
Authors: Wu Teng-teng , Su Feng-juan , Feng Yan-qing , Liu Bin , Li Ming-yue , Liang Feng-yin , Li Ge , Li Xue-jiao , Zhang Yu , Cai Zhong-qiong , Pei Zhong 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a mutation in the huntingtin (HTT) gene that results in the production of neurotoxic mutant HTT (mHTT) protein. Suppressing HTT production with antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) is a promising treatment strategy for HD; however, the difficulty of delivering ASOs to deep brain structures is a major barrier for its clinical application. The glymphatic system of astrocytes involving aquaporin 4 (AQP-4) controls the entry of macromolecules from the cerebrospinal fluid into the brain. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) target astrocytes to inhibit neuroinflammation. Here we examined the glymphatic distribution of ASO in the brain and the therapeutic potential of combining intravenously injection of mesenchymal stem cells (IV-MSC) and ASOs for the treatment of HD. Our results show that Cy3-labeled ASOs entered the brain parenchyma via the perivascular space following cisternal injection, but the brain distribution was significantly lower in AQP-4−/− as compared with wild-type mice. Downregulation of the AQP-4 M23 isoform was accompanied by decreased brain levels of ASOs in BACHD mice as well as an increase in astrogliosis and phosphorylation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65. IV-MSC treatment restored AQP-4 M23 expression, attenuated astrogliosis, and decreased NF-κB p65 phosphorylation; it also increased the brain distribution of ASOs and enhanced the suppression of mHTT in BACHD mice. These results suggest that modulating glymphatic activity using IV-MSC is a novel strategy for improving the potency of ASO in the treatment of HD.
Demonstration and examination of a procedure for successively improved structural assessment of concrete bridges
Authors: Bagge Niklas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAssessing the load‐carrying capacity of existing bridges is an important infrastructure management task. In order to support the structural assessment of concrete bridges better, a procedure has been proposed, based on successively improving the bridge analysis. A multilevel strategy for structural analysis has been combined with concepts for verification of the desired safety margin, thus providing tools for engineers to model the structural behavior of bridges more accurately when necessary. This paper describes the procedure as applied to a prestressed concrete girder bridge, with use of experiences from the previous failure tests and associated evaluations of the bridge. Initial structural assessment indicated the critical failure mode to be due to shear in one of the girders; however, the enhanced analysis showed a complex failure involving both the girder and the bridge deck slab. Improving the structural analysis using nonlinear FE analysis for the loading initially identified as critical, increased the permitted axle loads on the bridge to 12 to 14 times those given by traditional and standardized assessment methods, depending on the concept used for safety verification. The model uncertainty was crucial for the verification of the structural safety and has to be properly taken into account. However, there are few recommendations, with regard to model uncertainties, on the application of nonlinear FE analysis, and detailed guidelines should be used for the modeling procedure in order to reduce analyst‐dependent variability in the results. The presented study demonstrates the applicability and the advantages of using the proposed procedure for successively improved analysis for bridge assessment.
Never too soon, always too late: Reflections on climate temporality
Authors: Garrard Greg 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe “scientisation” of climate change, which placed the issue beyond democratic debate by declaring it a matter for the scientific expertise of the IPCC, has not provoked the required political and economic action to resolve it. “Tipping point” rhetoric and apocalyptic fictions, conveying increased urgency and shaming the present‐day, appear also to yield diminishing returns. Instead of representing the present as a binary choice—catastrophe or salvation—a Humanities‐informed viewpoint would represent past, present, and future in terms of unknowability, frailty, unavoidable interpretation, and limited agency.This article is categorized under:

Trans‐Disciplinary Perspectives > Humanities and the Creative Arts
Dynamic floc characteristics of flocculated coal slime water under different agent conditions using particle vision and measurement
Authors: Lin Zhe , Wang Quanwu , Wang Tuqin , Wang Zhangguo , Wang Guanghui 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTo determine the effect of different agents on the dynamic characteristics of floc structures, ferric chloride (FC) and anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) were dosed as coagulant and flocculant, respectively, to flocculate the coal slime water. Particle vision and measurement (PVM) was employed to monitor the flocculation process in situ. The results showed that the floc could grow to a size of approximately 1 mm only under conditions of 100 mg/L FC and 50 mg/L APAM. The coagulant dosage influenced either the aggregation of the slime particles or the conformation of the flocculant. If the coagulants were insufficient or excessive, the flocculant conformations were stretch chains and resembled unable to bridging the slime particles as shown in the captured images. The variation of the relative backscatter index (RBI) during the process indicated that the required residence time for flocculation was proportional to the ratio of particle size at the end of flocculation to that at the beginning of the process. It can be concluded that PVM is an effective instrument that can obtain useful dynamic information of the flocculation process by combining real‐time images and the RBI.Practitioner Points

The coagulant concentration affects the conformation of the flocculant.

The required retention time is depended on the max size that flocs can reach.

PVM is a powerful instrument for studying dynamic flocculation process in situ.
Manifolds of classical probability distributions and quantum density operators in infinite dimensions
Authors: Ciaglia F. M. , Ibort A. , Jost J. , Marmo G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The manifold structure of subsets of classical probability distributions and quantum density operators in infinite dimensions is investigated in the context of $$C^{*}$$C∗-algebras and actions of Banach-Lie groups. Specificaly, classical probability distributions and quantum density operators may be both described as states (in the functional analytic sense) on a given $$C^{*}$$C∗-algebra $$\mathscr {A}$$A which is Abelian for Classical states, and non-Abelian for Quantum states. In this contribution, the space of states $$\mathscr {S}$$S of a possibly infinite-dimensional, unital $$C^{*}$$C∗-algebra $$\mathscr {A}$$A is partitioned into the disjoint union of the orbits of an action of the group $$\mathscr {G}$$G of invertible elements of $$\mathscr {A}$$A. Then, we prove that the orbits through density operators on an infinite-dimensional, separable Hilbert space $$\mathcal {H}$$H are smooth, homogeneous Banach manifolds of $$\mathscr {G}=\mathcal {GL}(\mathcal {H})$$G=GL(H), and, when $$\mathscr {A}$$A admits a faithful tracial state $$\tau $$τ like it happens in the Classical case when we consider probability distributions with full support, we prove that the orbit through $$\tau $$τ is a smooth, homogeneous Banach manifold for $$\mathscr {G}$$G.