bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Reference Shaping Control for Improved Yaw Stability in a Steer-by-Wire Vehicle
Authors: Srinivasan Srivatsan , Schmid Matthias J. , Krovi Venkat N. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Incorporation of electronic yaw stabilization in on-road vehicles can take many forms. Although the most popular ones are differential braking and torque distribution, a potentially better alternative would be the inclusion of a controller into the steering process. However, this is not often pursued in mechanically-coupled steering systems since the controller could work against the driver’s intentions creating potential challenges to safety. The growing adoption of steer-by-wire (SbW) systems now in autonomous/semi-autonomous vehicles offers an opportunity to simplify the incorporation of such steering-controller based assistance. Most current steering-assistance systems focus either on adaptive steering control (adaptive power steering and gear ratios) or on total steering control in autopilot functions (lane keeping control). Such steering-controllers (incorporated via SbW modality) can improve driving performance and maneuverability and contribute to the overall suite of active-safety vehicle systems. In this study, we introduce a new pure-feedforward (open loop) controller for the steer-by-wire system based on the concept of reference shaping control aimed at reducing the vibration/oscillation caused in vehicles during fast (evasive) maneuvers.
Observer-Based Control of a Dual-Stage Piezoelectric Scanner
Authors: Chang Yuhe , Andersson Sean B. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Despite its proven success in a wide variety of applications, the atomic force microscope (AFM) remains limited by its slow imaging rate. One approach to overcome this challenge is to rely on algorithmic approaches that reduce the imaging time not by scanning faster but by scanning less. Such schemes are particularly useful on older instruments as they can provide significant gains despite the existing (slow) hardware. At the same time, algorithms for sub-sampling can yield even greater improvements in imaging rate when combined with advanced scanners that can be retrofitted into the system. In this work, we focus on the use of a dual-stage piezoelectric scanner coupled with a particular scanning algorithm known as Local Circular Scan (LCS). LCS drives the tip of the AFM along a circular trajectory while using feedback to center that circle on a sample edge and to move the circle along the feature, thus reducing imaging time by concentrating the samples to the region of interest. Dual-stage systems are well-suited to LCS as the algorithm is naturally described in terms of a high-frequency, short range path (the scanning circle) and a slower, long range path (the track along the sample). However, control of the scanner is not straightforward as the system is multi-input, single-output. Here we establish controllability and observability of the scanning stage, allowing us to develop individual controllers for the long-range and short-range actuators through the principle of separation. We then use an internal model controller for the short range actuator to track a sinusoidal input (to generate the circular motion) and a state-space set-point tracking controller for the long range actuator. The results are demonstrated through simulation.
A Supervisory Lateral Slip Prevention Controller for Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Kumbhani Nikunj , Bashash Saeid 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper analyzes the behavior of autonomous vehicles in simulated environment and develops an integrated control system for maneuvering and slip prevention in curvy roads. First, a longitudinal and lateral control system is designed for the vehicle using the feedback linearization method. The longitudinal controller enforces tracking the desired velocity, while the lateral controller steers the vehicle toward, and maintains it on a desired lane. A two-level supervisory controller is then developed to prevent lateral slip while driving on curvy roads. On the lower level, the steering wheel angle is actively limited based on the vehicle speed to avoid oversteering. On the supervisory level, a predictive controller is integrated into the system to optimally slow down the vehicle ahead of a detected road curvature. Simulation results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes in maintaining desirable maneuvering conditions and preventing lateral slips.
Amplitude-Frequency Response of Superharmonic Resonance of Third Order of Electrostatically Actuated MEMS Cantilever Resonators
Authors: Caruntu Dumitru I. , Reyes Christopher 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This work deals with amplitude frequency response of MEMS cantilever resonators undergoing superharmonic resonance of third order. The cantilever resonator is parallel to a ground plate and under alternating current (AC) voltage that excites the cantilever into vibrations. The driving frequency of the AC voltage is near one sixth of the first natural frequency of the cantilever beam resulting into superharmonic resonance of third order. The cantilever beam is modeled using Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The electrostatic force is modeled using Palmer’s formula to include the fringe effect. In order to investigate the amplitude frequency behavior of the system reduced order models (ROMs) are developed. Three methods are used to solve these ROMs they are 1) the method of multiple scales (MMS) for ROM with one mode of vibration, 2) homotopy analysis method (HAM) for ROM with one mode of vibration, and 3) direct numerical integration for 2 modes of vibration Reduced Order Model (2T ROM) producing time responses of the tip of the cantilever resonator. In this work the limitations of MMS and HAM are highlighted when considering large voltage values i.e hard excitations. For large voltage values MMS and HAM cannot accurately predict the amplitude frequency response; the results from 2T ROM time responses disagree significantly with the MMS and HAM solutions. The effect of voltage on the frequency response is investigated. As the voltage values in the system increase the responses shift to lower frequencies and larger amplitudes.
Autonomous Real-Time Monitoring of Crops in Controlled Environment Agriculture
Authors: Faryadi Saba , Davoodi Mohammadreza , Mohammadpour Velni Javad 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this work, we develop a system that can be used for real-time monitoring of multiple important areas in controlled environment agriculture (and in particular greenhouses) using an autonomous ground vehicle (AGV). To model the greenhouse layout, as well as the tasks that should be accomplished by the AGV, we generate two weighted directed graphs. Based on those graphs, an algorithm is then proposed for finding the optimal (in the sense of traveled distance) trajectory of the vehicle with the goal of precisely monitoring important areas in the greenhouse. Furthermore, a data collection system and image processing algorithm is proposed and implemented so that the vehicle: (i) can capture images and detect changes that have occurred on the crops in real time, and (ii) construct (if needed) a map of the plant rows, when arriving at each one of the important areas. Based on this work, the images can either be stitched onboard the vehicle and then sent to a server or be sent directly to the server and then processed (stitched) there. Both simulation and experimental results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and performance of the proposed system.
Comparing Collective Foraging With Interactions Inspired by Pheromones and Sonar
Authors: Bradley Aidan J. , Shirazi Masoud Jahromi , Abaid Nicole 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Communication inspired by animals is a timely topic of research in the modeling and control of multi-agent systems. Examples of such bio-inspired communication methods include pheromone trails used by ants to forage for food and echolocation used by bats to orient themselves and hunt. Source searching is one of many challenges in the field of swarm robotics that tackles an analogous problem to animals foraging for food. This paper seeks to compare two communication methods, inspired by sonar and pheromones, in the context of a multi-agent foraging problem. We explore which model is more effective at recruiting agents to forage from a found target. The results of this work begin to uncover the complicated relationship between sensing modality, collective tasks, and spontaneous cooperation in groups.
Distributed Control of a Planar Discrete Elastic Rod Model for Caterpillar-Inspired Locomotion
Authors: Nguewou-Hyousse Helene , Scott William L. , Paley Derek A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
During crawling, a caterpillar body stretches and bends, and a wave repeatedly travels from the tail to the head. Recently, caterpillar locomotion has been modeled using the theory of planar discrete elastic rods (PDER). This work takes a similar modeling approach and introduces feedback control laws with communication between neighboring segments. Caterpillar locomotion is modeled first as a network of spring-mass-dampers connected through nearest neighbor interactions and then as a network of linked torsional springs. Feedback laws are designed to achieve consensus and traveling wave solutions. Simulation results show the displacement of each segment of a caterpillar during locomotion. These results show promise for the design of feedback control laws in a network model of soft robotic systems.
Drop Volume Control in Drop-on-Demand Inkjet Printing
Authors: Wang Jie , Chen Xia , Chiu George 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Drop-on-demand (DoD) inkjet printing is used in precise-dosage deposition applications where consistent drop volume is important. Existing drop volume regulation in DoD inkjet printing are mainly open-loop approaches that are not effective in compensating for uncertainties during high volume printing applications. In this paper, a real-time image-based feedback system is proposed for regulating drop volume. A rotational symmetric model estimates drop volume from real-time images. Estimation accuracy is analyzed and validated. A simple feedback controller is developed to regulate drop volume. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Control-Oriented Physics-Based NOx Emission Model for a Diesel Engine With Exhaust Gas Recirculation
Authors: Duraiarasan Saravanan , Salehi Rasoul , Stefanopoulou Anna , Mahesh Siddharth , Allain Marc 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Publisher’s Note:
This paper was selected for publication in ASME Letters in Dynamic Systems and Control.
https://www.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/lettersdynsys/article/doi/10.1115/1.4046450/1074858/Control-Oriented-Physics-Based-NOX-Emission-Model
Pneumococcal Vaccines
Authors: Briles D. E. , Paton J. C. , Mukerji R. , Swiatlo E. , Crain M. J. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTStreptococcus pneumoniaeis a Gram-Positive pathogen that is a major causative agent of pneumonia, otitis media, sepsis and meningitis across the world. The World Health Organization estimates that globally over 500,000 children are killed each year by this pathogen. Vaccines offer the best protection againstS. pneumoniaeinfections. The current polysaccharide conjugate vaccines have been very effective in reducing rates of invasive pneumococcal disease caused by vaccine type strains. However, the effectiveness of these vaccines have been somewhat diminished by the increasing numbers of cases of invasive disease caused by non-vaccine type strains, a phenomenon known as serotype replacement. Since, there are currently at least 98 known serotypes ofS. pneumoniae, it may become cumbersome and expensive to add many additional serotypes to the current 13-valent vaccine, to circumvent the effect of serotype replacement. Hence, alternative serotype independent strategies, such as vaccination with highly cross-reactive pneumococcal protein antigens, should continue to be investigated to address this problem. This chapter provides a comprehensive discussion of pneumococcal vaccines past and present, protein antigens that are currently under investigation as vaccine candidates, and other alternatives, such as the pneumococcal whole cell vaccine, that may be successful in reducing current rates of disease caused byS. pneumoniae.
Staphylococci: Evolving Genomes
Authors: Lindsay Jodi A. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT

Staphylococci, and in particular
Staphylococcus aureus
, cause an extensive variety of infections in a range of hosts. The comprehensive analysis of staphylococcal genomes reveals mechanisms controlling the organism’s biology, pathobiology, and dissemination. Whole-genome sequencing technologies led to a quantum leap in our understanding of bacterial genomes. The recent cost reduction of sequencing has resulted in unprecedented volumes of genomic information about
S. aureus
, one of the most sequenced bacterial species. Collecting, comparing, and interpreting big data is challenging, but fascinating insights have emerged. For example, it is becoming clearer which selective pressures staphylococci face in their habitats and which mechanisms allow this pathogen to adapt, survive, and spread. A key theme is the constant evolution of staphylococci as they alter their genome, exchange DNA, and adapt to new environments, leading to the emergence of increasingly successful, antibiotic-resistant, immune-evading, and host-adapted colonizers and pathogens. This article introduces the structure of staphylococcal genomes, details how genomes vary between strains, outlines the mechanisms of genetic variation, and describes the features of successful clones.
The epidemiology of pulmonary tuberculosis in children in Mainland China, 2009–2015
Authors: Yang Ruling , Liu Mengyang , Jiang Hui , Zhang Yingjie , Yin Jinfeng , Li Qihuan , Li Qing , Liu Yue , Wang Xiaonan , Xu Hongmei , Yang Yang , Li Weimin , Guo Xiuhua 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo describe the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of child pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) notified to the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Tuberculosis Information Management System (TBIMS) from 2009 to 2015.Study designA database of child PTB for 31 provinces in mainland China over 7 years was retrospectively analysed. The spatiotemporal distribution of child PTB was described.ResultsIn total, 35,710 child PTB cases were notified to the TBIMS, representing only 0.60% of all 5,991,593 PTB case notifications. The average annual notified incidence of child PTB was 2.44/ per 100,000 children (95% CI: 1.77–3.10) and decreased by 52.53% in all age groups during the study period. Tibet had the highest incidence (15.95/ per 100,000 children), followed by Guizhou and Xinjiang. However, the case numbers were the most in Guizhou. The 0-1 year and 12–14 years of age groups exhibited the most cases. The positive rates of sputum smears, bacteriology and chest X-rays abnormality were 21.5%, 21.7% and 98.1%, respectively, which were lower than those 15 years of age and older (all p-values<0.0001).ConclusionThe notified incidence of child PTB in mainland China decreased substantially over 7 years. Future prevention and control of PTB in children should focus on the 0–1 and 12–14 years of age groups, and Tibet and Guizhou provinces. However, the notified incidence is still low, relative to adults, suggesting substantial under-reporting. Thus, more effective care seeking, identification and registration of children with TB are crucial.
The costs of developing, deploying and maintaining electronic immunisation registries in Tanzania and Zambia
Authors: Mvundura Mercy , Di Giorgio Laura , Lymo Dafrossa , Mwansa Francis Dien , Ngwegwe Bulula , Werner Laurie 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo determine the costs to develop, roll out and maintain electronic immunisation registries (EIRs) and a related suite of data use interventions.MethodsThe Better Immunisation Data (BID) Initiative conducted the activities from 2013 to 2018 in three regions in Tanzania and one province in Zambia. The Initiative’s financial records were used to account for the financial costs of designing and developing the EIRs, BID staff time, expenditures for rolling out the EIR systems and the related suite of interventions to health facilities, and recurrent costs. Total financial costs, cost per facility and cost per child were calculated in 2018 US$.FindingsTotal expenditures were ~US$4.2 million in Tanzania and US$3.6 million in Zambia. System design and development costs accounted for ~33% and 26% of the expenditures in each country, respectively, while BID staff costs accounted for 39% and 52%, respectively. Average expenditures per health facility for rolling out the EIR system were between US$709 and US$1320 for the Tanzania regions and US$2591 for Zambia. The annualised average expenditure per child was estimated to be between US$3.30 and US$3.81 for the regions in Tanzania and US$8.46 in Zambia. Expenditures per child were higher in Zambia partly because of a much smaller birth cohort compared with Tanzania.ConclusionOther countries may benefit from the investments made and lessons learnt in Tanzania and Zambia by leveraging these now existing EIR platforms and rollout strategies, and hence may be able to implement EIRs at lower costs than reported here.
Intimate partner violence in pregnancy: a cross-sectional study from post-conflict northern Uganda
Authors: Clarke Susan , Richmond Robyn , Black Eleanor , Fry Helen , Obol James Henry , Worth Heather 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) in pregnancy and to understand associations and determinants.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingTwo rural health clinics in post-conflict northern Uganda.ParticipantsWomen attending two rural health clinics for a new service providing cervical cancer screening, who had experienced pregnancy.Primary and secondary outcome measuresData were collected by a questionnaire using validated questions from the demographic health survey women’s questionnaire and the domestic violence module. Data were entered into tablets using Questionnaire Development System software. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was performed, using experience of IPV in pregnancy as the dependent variable. SPSS V.25 was used for all analysis.ResultsOf 409 participant women, 26.7% (95% CI 18.6% to 35.9%) reported having been slapped, hit or beaten by a partner while pregnant. For 32.3% (95% CI 20.2% to 37.9%) of the women the violence became worse during pregnancy. Women who had ever experienced IPV in pregnancy were more likely to have experienced violence in the previous 12 months (OR 4.45, 95% CI 2.80 to 7.09). In multivariate logistic regression, the strongest independent associations with IPV in pregnancy were partner’s daily drinking of alcohol (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.19 to 3.43) and controlling behaviours (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.33).ConclusionsThe women in this study had more exposure to IPV in pregnancy than previously reported for this region. Women’s previous experience of intimate partner violence, partner’s daily use of alcohol and his controlling behaviours were strong associations with IPV in pregnancy. This study highlights the uneven distribution of risk and the importance of research among the most vulnerable population in rural and disadvantaged settings. More research is needed in local rural and urban settings to illuminate this result and inform intervention and policy.
Do Norwegian providers comply with national recommendations when prescribing combined oral contraceptives to starters? A cohort study
Authors: Ekman Julie , Skjeldestad Finn Egil 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesTo assess whether changes in patterns of combined oral contraceptive (COC) prescriptions to starters between 2008 and 2016 were in line with changes in national recommendations for use.DesignHistorical prospective cohort study.SettingThe national Norwegian Prescription Database.ParticipantsWomen aged 10–49 years who started COCs between 1 January 2008 and 30 June 2016, in total 285 009 women.Primary outcomeThe proportion of levonorgestrel-containing COC prescriptions to starters.InterventionThe Norwegian Medical Agency recommended levonorgestrel-containing COCs to starters from 2010 onwards.ResultsThe proportion of levonorgestrel-containing COCs prescribed to starters increased from 41% in 2008 to 80% in 2016 with the greatest increase from 2011 to 2012. This prescription pattern comprised all age groups but was observed to a lower extent among older women. Public health nurses and midwifes had the highest compliance with recommendations and prescribed levonorgestrel-containing COCs to 96% of starters aged <20 years in 2016, compared with 75% and 86% among general practitioners and doctors with no specialty.ConclusionAll professions have increased the proportion of levonorgestrel-containing COC prescriptions to starters. Public health nurses and midwives had the highest compliance with the new recommendations. Future studies will examine whether this shift in prescription pattern has prevented venous thromboembolism in women of reproductive age in Norway.
Improved parental understanding by an enhanced informed consent form: a randomized controlled study nested in a paediatric drug trial
Authors: Koonrungsesomboon Nut , Traivaree Chanchai , Tiyapsane Charnunnut , Karbwang Juntra 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveThis study was designed to evaluate the applicability and effectiveness of the enhanced informed consent form (ICF) methodology, proposed by the Strategic Initiative for Developing Capacity in Ethical Review (SIDCER), in paediatric research requiring parental consent. The objective of this study was to compare the parental understanding of information between the parents who read the SIDCER ICF and those who read the conventional ICF.DesignA prospective, randomized, controlled design.SettingPaediatric Outpatients Department, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Thailand.Participants210 parents of children with thalassemia (age=35.6 ± 13.1 years).InterventionsThe parents were randomly assigned to read either the SIDCER ICF (n=105) or the conventional ICF (n=105) of a paediatric drug trial.Primary and secondary outcome measuresParental understanding of trial information was determined using 24 scenario-based questions. The primary endpoint was the proportion of parents who obtained the understanding score of more than 80%, and the secondary endpoint was the total score.ResultsForty-five parents (42.9%) in the SIDCER ICF group and 29 parents (27.6%) in the conventional ICF group achieved the primary endpoint (relative risk=1.552, 95% CI 1.061 to 2.270, p=0.021). The total score of the parents in the SIDCER ICF group was significantly higher than the conventional ICF group (18.07±3.71 vs 15.98±4.56, p=0.001).ConclusionsThe SIDCER ICF was found to be superior to the conventional ICF in improving parental understanding of trial information.